4to abbr. [缩略]  quarto 

8vo abbr. [缩略]  octavo 

A1 /ei/ n. (also 亦作 a) (pl. As or A's)  1  the first letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 1 个字母 2 Mus.  the sixth note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 6 个音， A 音 3  the first hypothetical person or example A (假定的第 1 个人或例子) 4  the highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.) 最高等级的，第一流的(道路、学习成绩等) 5 (usu. 通常作 a) Algebra  the first known quantity 【代数】第一已知量 6  a human blood type of the ABO system (ABO 血型分类中的)A 型血 □ from A to B   from one place to another 从 A 到 B ，从甲地到乙地  a means of getting from A to B  从 A 地到 B 地的途径□ from A to Z   over the entire range; completely 从 A 到 Z ，从头至尾；彻底地

A2 /ei/ abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 A.)  1  ace  2  = A LEVEL  3  answer  4  atomic  A-bomb  原子弹 

A3 /ei/ symb. [符]  1  ampere(s) 安培 2 Brit. hist. (of films) classified as suitable for an adult audience but not necessarily for children [英史义] (电影)适合成年人但不一定适合儿童的

a1 /ə, ei/ det. (also an before a vowel 在元音前亦作 an) (called the indefinite article 不定冠词)  1  one, some, any (used when referring to something for the first time in a text or conversation) (cf. 参见 THE) 一个，某个，任何(用于指第一次出现在文本或对话中的事物) 2  one like 类似的一个  a Judas  一个犹大式的人 3  one single 单个，任何一个  not a thing in sight  什么也没看到 4  the same 同一，同样  all of a size  全都一样大小 5  in, to, or for each 每一，每一个  twice a year  每年两次 £ 20 a man  每人 20 英镑 seven a side  每边 7 个 [weakening of Old English ɑˉn ‘one’; sense 5 originally = A2]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AN. 见 AN 的用法注释。 

a2 /ə/ prep. (usu. as 通常作 prefix)  1  to, towards 朝…，向…  ashore  靠岸 aside  靠边 2 (with verb in pres. part. or infin. 后跟动词现在分词或不定式)  in the process of; in a specified state 在…进程中；处于…状态  a-hunting  在打猎 a-wandering  在徘徊 abuzz  一片嘈杂 aflutter  飘扬 3  on 处于…情况  afire  着火 afoot  步行 4  in 在…中  nowadays  当今 [weakening of Old English prep. an, on (see ON)]

a3 abbr. (also 亦作 a.) [缩略]  1  arrives  2  before  [sense 2 from Latin ante]

a4 symb. [符]  1  atto- 微微微，百亿亿分之一 (= 10-18) 2  acceleration 加速 3  are(s) (measure of area) 公亩(面积单位)

a-1 /ə, ei, æ/ prefix  not, without (amoral 不道德的 ; agnostic 不可知论者 ; apetalous 无花瓣的) 不…；无… [Greek a-, or Latin from Greek, or French via Latin from Greek]

a-2 /ə/ prefix  implying motion onward or away, adding intensity to verbs of motion (arise 升起 ; awake 醒来) 用于动作动词以强调动作的进展或继续 [Old English a-, originally ar-]

a-3 /ə/ prefix  to, at, or into a state (adroit 灵巧的 ; agree 同意 ; amass 聚积 ; avenge 报仇) 趋向、处于或进入某种状态 [Middle English a- (= Old French prefix a-), from Latin ad- ‘to, at’: in later words sometimes via French]

a-4 /ə/ prefix  1  from, away (abridge 删节) 自…；分离… 2  of (akin 同类的 ; anew 重新) 有…(性质)的… 3  out, utterly (abash 使羞愧 ; affray 骚扰) 全然 4  in, on, engaged in, etc. (see 见 A2) 在…中；在…上；处于…情况 [sense 1 from Middle English a-, Old French a-, from Latin ab; sense 2 from Middle English a-, from Old English of (prep.); sense 3 from Middle English, Anglo-French a- = Old French e-, es-, from Latin ex]

a-5 /ə/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before sc, sp, st (用于 sc 、 sp 和 st 前)AD- 的同化形式

-a1 /ə/ suffix forming nouns from Greek, Latin, and Romanic feminine singular 构成源自希腊、拉丁和罗曼语的阴性单数名词， esp. (尤指):  1  ancient or Latinized modern names of animals and plants (amoeba 变形虫 ; campanula 风铃草属植物) 动植物的古名或现代拉丁名 2  oxides (alumina 矾土) 氧化物 3  geographical names (Africa 非洲) 地理名称 4  ancient or Latinized modern feminine names (Lydia 莉迪亚 ; Hilda 希尔达) 女子古名或现代拉丁名

-a2 /ə/ suffix  forming plural nouns from Greek and Latin neuter plural, esp. corresponding to a singular in -um or -on  addenda  附录 phenomena  现象 ; and in names (often from modern Latin) of zoological groups  Carnivora  食肉类 构成源自希腊或拉丁语的中性复数名词，尤其是与 -um 或 -on 单数形式对应的；(来自现代拉丁语的)动物学分类名称

-a3 /ə/ suffix colloq. [口]  1  of (kinda; coupla = kind of; couple of) 相当于 of 2  have (mighta; coulda = might have; could have) 相当于 have 3  to (oughta = ought to) 相当于 to

A1 n. & adj. ●n. Naut.  a first class vessel in Lloyd's Register of Shipping 【海】(劳埃德船运承保注册的)第一等船只 ●adj. colloq. [口]  1  excellent; first-rate 极好的；头等的 2  fit; in excellent health 健康的；身体非常棒的

A3 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 420 × 297 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (420 × 297 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸张 often 常作 attrib.: A3 sheets  A3 纸

A4 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 210 × 297 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (210 × 297 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸 often 常作 attrib.: A4 sketchpad  A4 速写簿

A5 n.  1  a standard European size of paper, 210 × 148 mm 欧洲标准的纸张规格 (210 × 148 毫米) 2  paper of this size 此种规格的纸 often 常作 attrib.: A5 pages  A5 纸张

AA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Automobile Association (英国)汽车协会 2  Alcoholics Anonymous 嗜酒者互诫协会 3 Mil.  anti-aircraft 【军】防空 4 Brit. hist. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of over 14 years [英史义] (电影)适合 14 岁以上人看的

aa /ˈɑ:ɑ:/ n. Geol.  lava forming very rough, jagged, light-textured masses (cf. 参见 PAHOEHOE) 【地质】(粗糙、不规则、表面有细波纹的)熔岩石块 [Hawaiian 'a-'a]

AAA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Amateur Athletic Association (英国)业余体育协会 2  American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会 3  Australian Automobile Association 澳大利亚汽车协会

aardvark /ˈɑ:dvɑ:k/ n.  a nocturnal mammal of southern Africa, Orycteropus afer, with a tubular snout and a long extensible tongue, that feeds on termites Also called 亦称作 ant-bear, earth-pig 土豚(原产于南非，有管状的吻和很长的可延伸的舌头，以白蚁为食) [Afrikaans from aarde ‘earth’ + vark ‘pig’]

aardwolf /ˈɑ:dwʊlf/ n. (pl. aardwolves /-wʊlvz/)  an African mammal, Proteles cristatus, of the hyena family, with grey fur and black stripes, that feeds on insects 土狼(非洲哺乳动物，土狼科，毛灰色，有黑色条纹，以昆虫为食) [Afrikaans from aarde ‘earth’ + wolf ‘wolf’]

Aaron's beard /ˈɛər(ə)nz/ n.  any of several plants, esp. rose of Sharon (Hypericum calycinum 萼状金丝桃) 金丝桃一类植物(尤指沙伦玫瑰) [with reference to Ps.133:2]

Aaron's rod /ˈɛər(ə)nz/ n.  any of several tall plants, esp. the great mullein (Verbascum thapsus) 麒麟草(尤指毛蕊花属类植物) [with reference to Num.17:8]

A'asia abbr. [缩略]  Australasia 澳大拉西亚

aasvogel /ˈɑ:sfəʊɡ(ə)l/ n. S. Afr.  a vulture [南非]秃鹫 [Afrikaans from aas ‘carrion’ + vogel ‘bird’]

AAU abbr. [缩略] (in the US) Amateur Athletic Union (美国)业余体育联合会

AB1 n.  a human blood type of the ABO system (人类 ABO 血型分类中的)AB 型血

AB2 abbr. [缩略]  1  able rating or seaman 一等水兵(或级别) 2 US  Bachelor of Arts [美]文学学士 [sense 1 from able-bodied; sense 2 from Latin Artium Baccalaureus]

Ab abbr. [缩略]  antibody 

ab- /əb, æb/ prefix  off, away, from (abduct 绑架 ; abnormal 反常 ; abuse 滥用) 偏离，脱离，离开 [French or Latin]

abaca /ˈæbəkə/ n.  1  Manila hemp 蕉麻，马尼拉麻 2  the plant, Musa textilis, yielding this 蕉麻，马尼拉麻(植物) [Spanish abacɑˊ]

aback /əˈbæk/ adv.  1 archaic [古义]  backwards, behind 向后地；朝后地 2 Naut. (of a sail) pressed against the mast by a headwind 【海】(帆)被顶风吹得贴在桅杆上 □ take aback   1  surprise, disconcert 使吃惊；使困惑  your request took me aback  你的要求让我吃惊 I was greatly taken aback by the news  那消息使我感到十分意外 2 (as taken aback adj.) (of a ship) with the sails pressed against the mast by a headwind (帆船)帆被顶风吹得贴在桅杆上 [Old English on bœc (as A2, BACK)]

abacus /ˈæbəkəs/ n. (pl. abacuses)  1  an oblong frame with rows of wires or grooves along which beads are slid, used for calculating 算盘 2 Archit.  the flat slab on top of a capital, supporting the architrave 【建】柱顶板 [Latin via Greek abax abakos ‘slab, drawing board’ originally in the sense ‘a board strewn with sand, for writing on’, from Hebrew 'ɑˉbɑˉk ‘dust’]

Abadan /ˌæbəˈdɑ:n/ n.  阿巴丹 [伊朗港市]

Abaddon /əˈbæd(ə)n/ n.  1  hell 地狱 2  the Devil (Rev. 9:11) 魔鬼(基督教《圣经·启示录》 9:11) [Hebrew, = destruction]

abaft /əˈbɑ:ft/ adv. & prep. Naut. 【海】  ●adv.  in the stern half of a ship 在船尾；在船后部 ●prep.  nearer the stern than; aft of 比…更靠近船尾；在…之后 [A2 + -baft from Old English beœftan from be BY + œftan ‘behind’]

abalone /æbəˈləʊni/ n.  a mollusc of the genus Haliotis, with a shallow ear-shaped shell having respiratory holes, and lined with mother-of-pearl, e.g. the ormer 鲍鱼，石决明 [Latin American Spanish abulón, from Shoshonean aulun]

abandon /əˈbænd(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  give up completely or before completion 丢掉；放弃  abandoned hope  放弃希望 abandoned the game  放弃比赛 2  a  forsake or desert (a person or a post of responsibility) 丢弃，离弃(人或责任岗位)b  leave or desert (a motor vehicle, ship, building, etc.) 抛弃，遗弃，丢弃(汽车、船、建筑屋等) 3  a  give up to another's control or mercy 放弃…而听由他人摆布b refl.  yield oneself completely to a passion or impulse 听任，完全屈从于(某种感情或冲动) ●n.  lack of inhibition or restraint; reckless freedom of manner 无所顾忌；放纵 □ abandonment  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘bring under control’, from Old French abandoner from ɑˋ bandon ‘under control’, ultimately from Late Latin bannus, -um BAN]

abandoned /əˈbænd(ə)nd/ adj.  1  a (of a person or animal) deserted, forsaken (人或动物)被抛弃的，被遗弃的  an abandoned child  被遗弃的孩子b (of a building, vehicle, etc.) left empty or unused (建筑、汽车等)无人的，弃置的；不用的  an abandoned cottage  被弃置的小屋 an abandoned ship  被弃置的船 2 (of a person or behaviour) unrestrained, profligate (人或行为)无约束的，放纵的

abase /əˈbeis/ v. tr. & refl.  humiliate or degrade (another person or oneself) 羞辱(某人或自己)；使(某人或自己)降低身份 □ abasement  n.   [Middle English from Old French abaissier (as A-3, baissier ‘to lower’, ultimately from Late Latin bassus ‘short of stature’): influenced by BASE2]

abash /əˈbæʃ/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 abashed adj.)  embarrass, disconcert 使尴尬；使仓皇失措 □ abashment  n.   [Middle English from Old French esbaïr (es- = A-4 3, baïr ‘astound’ or baer ‘yawn’)]

abate /əˈbeit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less strong, severe, intense, etc. 削弱；缓解；缓和 2 tr. Law 【法律】  a  quash (a writ or action) 撤销(令状或行动)b  put an end to (a nuisance) 终止(不愉快的事情) □ abatement  n.   [Middle English via Old French abatre from Romanic (as A-3, Latin batt(u)ere ‘beat’)]

abatis /ˈæbətis/ n. (also 亦作 abattis) (pl. same 单复同 or abatises, abattises) hist.  a defence made of felled trees with the boughs pointing outwards [史义]拒木，鹿砦(用砍下的树木建成的防御堡垒) [French from Old French abatre ‘fell’: see ABATE]

abattoir /ˈæbətwɑ:/ n.  a slaughterhouse 屠宰场 [French (as ABATIS, -ORY1)]

abaxial /æbˈæksiəl/ adj. Bot.  facing away from the stem of a plant, esp. designating the lower surface of a leaf (cf. 参见 ADAXIAL) 【植】远轴的，离轴的(尤指树叶的下端表面) [AB- + AXIAL]

abaya /əˈbeijə/ n.  a sleeveless outer garment worn by Arabs (阿拉伯人穿的)无袖长衫 [Arabic ˈabɑˉ']

abbacy /ˈæbəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the office, jurisdiction, or period of office of an abbot or abbess 男(或女)修道院院长职位；管区；任期 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin abbacia, from abbat- ABBOT]

Abbasid /əˈbæsid, ˈæbəsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling in Baghdad 750 － 1258 阿巴斯王朝(公元 750 至 1258 年统治巴格达的哈利发王朝之一) ●adj.  of this dynasty 阿巴斯王朝的 [Abbas, Muhammad's uncle d. 652]

abbatial /əˈbeiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of an abbey, abbot, or abbess 修道院的；男(或女)修道院院长的 [French abbatial or medieval Latin abbatialis (as ABBOT)]

abbess /ˈæbes/ n.  a woman who is the head of certain communities of nuns 女修道院院长 [Middle English via Old French abbesse from ecclesiastical Latin abbatissa (as ABBOT)]

Abbevillian /æbˈviliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  the culture of the earliest palaeolithic period in Europe 阿布维利文化(欧洲旧石器时代最早期的文化) ●adj.  of this culture 阿布维利文化的 [French Abbevillien from Abbeville in N. France, where tools from this period were discovered]

abbey /ˈæbi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  the building(s) occupied by a community of monks or nuns 修道院，寺院 2  the community itself 修道院的全体人员 3  a church or house that was once an abbey 曾经为修道院的教堂或房屋 [Middle English via Old French ab(b)eïe from medieval Latin abbatia ABBACY]

abbot /ˈæbət/ n.  a man who is the head of an abbey of monks 男修道院院长 □ abbotship  n.   [Old English abbod via ecclesiastical Latin abbas -atis from Greek abbas ‘father’, from Aramaic 'abbɑˉ]

abbreviate /əˈbri:vieit/ v. tr.  shorten, esp. represent (a word etc.) by a part of it 缩短；(尤指单词等)缩写 [Middle English via Late Latin abbreviare ‘shorten’ from Latin brevis ‘short’: cf. ABRIDGE]

abbreviation /əbri:viˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an abbreviated form, esp. a shortened form of a word or phrase 缩简形式(尤指单词或词组的缩写) 2  the process or result of abbreviating 缩略(过程或结果)

abbé /ˈæbei/ n. (in France) an abbot; a man entitled to wear ecclesiastical dress (法国)男修道院院长；有资格穿神职服装的人 [French, from ecclesiastical Latin abbas abbatis ABBOT]

ABC1 n.  1  the alphabet 字母表 2  the rudiments of any subject (任何一科目的)最基础部分 3  an alphabetical guide (按字母顺序排列的)索引，指南

ABC2 abbr. [缩略]  1  Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司 2  American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司

abdicate /ˈæbdikeit/ v. tr.  1 (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  give up or renounce (the throne) 放弃(王位)，逊位 2  renounce (a responsibility, duty, etc.) 放弃，辞去(责任，职责等) □ abdication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ abdicator  n.   [Latin abdicare abdicat- (as AB-, dicare ‘declare’)]

abdomen /ˈæbdəmən, æbˈdəʊmən/ n.  1  the part of the body containing the stomach, bowels, reproductive organs, etc. 腹部 2 Zool.  the hinder part of an insect, crustacean, spider, etc. 【动】(昆虫、甲壳类、蜘蛛类等的)身体后部 □ abdominal  /æbˈdɒmin(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin]

abduct /əbˈdʌkt/ v. tr.  1  carry off or kidnap (a person) illegally by force or deception 绑架；诱拐，拐骗 2 (of a muscle etc.) draw (a limb etc.) away from the midline of the body (肌肉等)使(肢体等)外展 □ abduction  n.  □ abductor  n.   [Latin abducere abduct- (as AB-, ducere ‘draw’)]

Abe /eib/   阿贝 [人名]

abeam /əˈbi:m/ adv.  1  on a line at right angles to a ship's or an aircraft's length 正横(在与船身或机身成直角的线上) 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  opposite the middle of (a ship etc.) 与(船等的)中心相对的 [A2 + BEAM]

abed /əˈbed/ adv. archaic  in bed [古义]在床上，卧床地 [Old English (as A2, BED)]

abele /əˈbi:l, ˈeib(ə)l/ n.  the white poplar, Populus alba 银白杨 [Dutch abeel from Old French abel, aubel, ultimately from Latin albus ‘white’]

abelia /əˈbi:liə/ n.  a hardy evergreen shrub of the genus Abelia (honeysuckle family) 六道木(一种耐寒的忍冬科六道木属灌木) [C. Abel, English botanist d. 1826]

abelian /əˈbi:liən/ adj. Math. (of a group) having members related by a commutative operation (i.e. a*b = b*a) 【数】可换群，交换群(或阿贝尔群) [named after Niels H. Abel, Norwegian mathematician d. 1829]

Aberdeen /ˌæbəˈdi:n/ n.  阿伯丁 [英国港市]

Aberdeen Angus /ˌæbədi:n ˈæŋɡəs/ n.  1  an animal of a Scottish breed of hornless black beef cattle 阿伯丁安格斯牛(一种苏格兰品种的无角黑色肉用牛) 2  this breed 此种群 [Aberdeenshire and Angus, former Scottish counties, where the breed originated]

Aberdonian /æbəˈdəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Aberdeen (苏格兰)阿伯丁的 ●n.  a native or citizen of Aberdeen 阿伯丁人(或居民) [medieval Latin Aberdonia]

aberrant /əˈber(ə)nt/ adj.  1 esp. Biol.  diverging from the normal type (尤)【生】变体的 2  departing from an accepted standard 脱离常轨的，脱离正道的 □ aberrance  n.  □ aberrancy  n.   [Latin aberrare aberrant- (as AB-, errare ‘stray’)]

aberration /æbəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a departure from what is normal or accepted or regarded as right 脱离常轨，脱离正道 2  a moral or mental lapse 道德或心理失常 3 Biol.  deviation from a normal type 【生】变体 4 Optics  the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of a defect in a lens or mirror 【光学】(因镜头或镜子有缺陷而引起的)像差 5 Astron.  the apparent displacement of a celestial object from its true position caused by the observer's relative motion 【天】(由于观察者的相对运动而使所观察到的天体位置不同于其实际位置的)光行差 [Latin aberratio (as ABERRANT)]

abet /əˈbet/ v. tr. (abetted, abetting) (usu. in 常用于 aid and abet)  encourage or assist (an offender or offence) 教唆，怂恿；帮助，胁从 □ abetment  n.   [Middle English, from Old French abeter from ɑˋ ‘to’ + beter BAIT]

abetter /əˈbetə/ n. (also 亦作 abettor)  a person who abets 教唆者，煽动者

abeyance /əˈbeiəns/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 in, into)  a state of temporary disuse or suspension 搁置；中止 □ abeyant  adj.   [Anglo-French abeiance, from Old French abeer, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + beer, from medieval Latin batare ‘gape’]

ABH abbr.  actual bodily harm [缩略]实际身体伤害

abhor /əbˈhɔ:/ v. tr. (abhorred, abhorring)  detest; regard with disgust and hatred 厌恶；憎恶，痛恨 □ abhorrer  n.   [Middle English, from French abhorrer or from Latin abhorrēre (as AB-, horrēre ‘shudder’)]

abhorrence /əbˈhɒr(ə)ns/ n.  1  disgust; detestation 厌恶；嫌恶 2  a detested thing 令人厌恶的事物

abhorrent /əbˈhɒr(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of conduct etc.) inspiring disgust; repugnant, hateful, detestable (行为等)令人憎恶的，可恨的；不愉快的，讨厌的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  not in accordance with; strongly conflicting with 不一致的；违背的；有严重冲突的  abhorrent to the spirit of the law  违背法律精神

abide /əˈbaid/ v. (past and past part. abided or rarely 罕作 abode /əˈbəʊd/)  1 tr. (usu. in neg. or interrog. 常用于否定句或疑问句)  tolerate, endure 忍耐，忍受  can't abide him  对他难以忍受 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by)  a  act in accordance with 遵守；履行  abide by the rules  遵守规定b  remain faithful to (a promise) 忠实于，信守(诺言) 3 intr. archaic [古义]  a  remain, continue 保持，继续b  dwell 逗留，停留 □ abidance  n.   [Old English ɑˉbīdan (as A-2, bidan BIDE)]

abiding /əˈbaidiŋ/ adj.  enduring, permanent 持久的，永久的  an abiding sense of loss  持久的失落感 □ abidingly  adv.  

Abidjan /ˌæbiˈdʒɑ:n/ n.  阿比让 [科特迪瓦首都]

Abigail /ˈæbigeil/   阿比盖尔 [人名]

ability /əˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  capacity or power 能力；才干  has the ability to write songs  有写歌曲的才干 2  cleverness, talent; mental power 智力，能力；天分；脑力  a person of great ability  有很强能力的人 has many abilities  具有多种能力 [Middle English via Old French ablete from Latin habilitas -tatis, from habilis ‘able’]

-ability /əˈbiliti/ suffix  forming nouns of quality from, or corresponding to, adjectives in -able (capability 能力 ; vulnerability 弱点) (用于后缀为 -able 的形容词)构成名词，表示该形容词所指的或与之相一致的性质 [French -abilité or Latin -abilitas: cf. -ITY]

ab initio /æb iˈniʃiəʊ/ adv.  from the beginning 最初，从一开始 [Latin]

abiogenesis /ˌeibaiəˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the formation of organic matter without the action of living organisms 自然发生，生物自生；偶发 2  the supposed spontaneous generation of living organisms 无生源说 □ abiogenic  adj.   [A-1 + Greek bios ‘life’ + GENESIS]

abiotic /eibaiˈɒtik/ adj.  inanimate, non-living, not of a biological nature 死气沉沉的；无生命的，非生物的 [A-1 + BIOTIC]

abject /ˈæbdʒekt/ adj.  1  miserable, wretched 不幸的，可怜的 2  degraded, self-abasing, humble 堕落的；自卑的；卑微的 3  despicable 可鄙的，卑劣的 □ abjectly  adv.  □ abjectness  n.   [Middle English from Latin abjectus, past part. of abicere (as AB-, jacere ‘throw’)]

abjection /æbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a state of misery or degradation 凄惨或卑劣的境地，落魄 [Middle English from Old French abjection or Latin abjectio (as ABJECT)]

abjure /əbˈdʒʊə/ v. tr.  1  renounce on oath (an opinion, cause, claim, etc.) 发誓放弃(看法、目标、要求等) 2  swear perpetual absence from (one's country etc.) 发誓不再返回(自己的国家等) □ abjuration  /æbdʒʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin abjurare (as AB-, jurare ‘swear’)]

Abkhazian /əbˈkɑ:ziən, əbˈkeizjən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, an autonomous republic in NW Georgia 阿布哈兹(格鲁吉亚西北部一自治区)人或居民 2  the Caucasian language of Abkhazia 阿布哈兹语 ●adj.  of or relating to Abkhazia, its people, or its language 阿布哈兹的；阿布哈兹人的；阿布哈兹语的

ablation /əˈbleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the surgical removal of body tissue 手术切除身体组织 2 Geol.  the wasting or erosion of a glacier, iceberg, or rock by melting or the action of water 【地质】溶蚀；消融(作用) 3 Astron.  the loss of surface material from a spacecraft, meteorite, etc. through evaporation or melting caused by friction with the atmosphere 【天】大气烧蚀 □ ablate  v. tr.   [French ablation or Late Latin ablatio, from Latin ablat- (as AB-, lat-, past part. stem of ferre ‘carry’)]

ablative /ˈæblətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case (esp. in Latin) of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an agent, instrument, or location [尤拉丁]夺格(表述动作发出者、手段或位置的名词、代词及与之语法意义相关的词) ●adj.  of or in the ablative 夺格的 [Middle English from Old French ablatif -ive or Latin ablativus (as ABLATION)]

ablative absolute n.  an absolute construction in Latin with a noun and participle or adjective in the ablative case (拉丁语中为夺格的名词、分词或形容词的独立形式 see 见 ABSOLUTE adj. 5) 独立夺格

ablaut /ˈæblaʊt/ n.  a change of vowel in related words or forms, esp. in Indo-European languages, arising from differences of accent and stress in the parent language, e.g. in sing, sang, sung 元音变换(尤指印欧语系诸语言中元音在单词或相关形式中的有规律变化，如 sing 、 sang 和 sung) [German, from ab ‘off’ + Laut ‘sound’]

ablaze /əˈbleiz/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  on fire 着火；着火的(地)  set it ablaze  点着 the house was ablaze  房子着火了 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  glittering, glowing, radiant 闪光的；炽热的；明亮的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  greatly excited 异常兴奋的，激昂地

able /ˈeib(ə)l/ adj. (abler, ablest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.; used esp. in 尤用于 is able, will be able, was able, etc., replacing tenses of can 代替 can 的各时态)  having the capacity or power 有能力或权力的  was not able to come  不能来 2  having great ability; clever, skilful 很有能力的；天资聪颖的，富有才干的 [Middle English via Old French hable, able from Latin habilis ‘handy’, from habēre ‘hold’]

-able /əb(ə)l/ suffix forming adjectives meaning 构成形容词，意为 :  1  that may or must be (eatable 可食用的 ; forgiveable 可原谅的 ; payable 应支付的) 可以…的；必须…的 2  that can be made the subject of (dutiable 应纳税的 ; objectionable 有异议的) 可作为…对象的 3  that is relevant to or in accordance with (fashionable 时髦的 ; seasonable 合季节的) 与…相关的，根据…的 4 (with active sense, in earlier word-formations) that may (comfortable 舒服的 ; suitable 合适的) (具有积极意义的，早期合成词)可以…的 [French -able, or Latin -abilis forming verbal adjectives from verbs of first conjugation]

able-bodied adj.  fit, healthy 健康的

able-bodied rating n. (also 亦作 able-bodied seaman) Naut.  a rating able to perform all duties 【海】(能承担各种任务的)一等水兵

abled /ˈeib(ə)ld/ adj.  having a full range of physical or mental abilities; able-bodied 具有完好身体或心理素质的；身心健康的

ableism /ˈeibliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 ablism)  discrimination in favour of able-bodied people 健康人主义(偏向健康人而歧视他人)

able rating n. (also 亦作 able seaman) Naut. 【海】  = ABLE-BODIED RATING 

abloom /əˈblu:m/ predic. adj.  blooming; in flower 盛开的；正在开花的

ablush /əˈblʌʃ/ predic. adj.  blushing 脸红的

ablution /əˈblu:ʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the ceremonial washing of parts of the body or of sacred vessels etc. (对身体一些部位或圣器的)洁净礼，洗礼 2 colloq.  the ordinary washing of the body [口]通常洗浴 3 Brit.  a building containing washing places etc. in a camp, ship, etc. [英] (在营地或轮船等中)有洗浴设施的建筑 □ ablutionary  adj.   [Middle English from Old French ablution or Latin ablutio (as AB-, lutio from luere lut- ‘wash’)]

ably /ˈeibli/ adv.  capably, cleverly, competently 能干地；巧妙地；胜任地

-ably /əbli/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -able 构成对应 -able 形式的形容词的副词

ABM abbr.  anti-ballistic missile [缩略]反弹道导弹

abnegate /ˈæbniɡeit/ v. tr.  1  give up or deny oneself (a pleasure etc.) 放弃，拒绝(享受等)；克制 2  renounce or reject (a right or belief) 拒绝，放弃(权利或信仰) □ abnegator  n.   [Latin abnegare abnegat- (as AB-, negare ‘deny’)]

abnegation /æbniˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  denial; the rejection or renunciation of a doctrine 否认；拒绝或放弃(某种学说、教义) 2  = SELF-DENIAL  [Old French abnegation or Late Latin abnegatio (as ABNEGATE)]

abnormal /əbˈnɔ:m(ə)l/ adj.  1  deviating from what is normal or usual; exceptional 反常的，异常的；变态的 2  relating to or dealing with what is abnormal 关于异常事物的  abnormal psychology  变态心理学 □ abnormally  adv.   [earlier anormal, anomal, via French from Greek anōmalos ANOMALOUS, associated with Latin abnormis ‘abnormality, monstrosity’]

abnormality /æbnɔ:ˈmæliti, -nəˈmæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an abnormal quality, occurrence, etc. 不正常，反常b  the state of being abnormal 异常状态 2  a physical irregularity 身体畸形

Abo /ˈæbəʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 abo) Austral. slang offens. [澳] [俚语] [冒犯] ●n. (pl. Abos)  an Aborigine 土人，澳洲土人 ●adj.  Aboriginal 土人的 [abbreviation]

aboard /əˈbɔ:d/ adv. & prep.  1  on or into (a ship, aircraft, train, etc.) 在(船、飞机、火车)上；上(船)；上(飞机)；上(火车) 2  alongside 在…旁边；与…并排 □ all aboard!   a call that warns of the imminent departure of a ship, train, etc. 全都上去！ (轮船、火车等即将开动的警告) [Middle English, from A2 + BOARD and French ɑˋ bord]

abode1 /əˈbəʊd/ n.  1  habitual residence; a house or home (经常性)住所；房屋 2 archaic  a stay or sojourn [古义]逗留；客居 [verbal noun of ABIDE: cf. ride, rode, road]

abode2 past  of ABIDE  

abolish /əˈbɒliʃ/ v. tr.  put an end to the existence or practice of (esp. a custom or institution) 废除，废止(尤指习俗，制度等) □ abolishable  adj.  □ abolisher  n.  □ abolishment  n.   [Middle English via French abolir from Latin abolēre ‘destroy’]

abolition /æbəˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of abolishing or being abolished 废除，废止 2  an instance of this 被废除的事物 [French abolition or Latin abolitio (as ABOLISH)]

abolitionist /æbəˈliʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person who favours the abolition of a practice or institution, esp. of capital punishment or (formerly) of slavery 废除主义者(尤指主张废除死刑者)；(旧时的)废奴主义者 □ abolitionism  n.  

abomasum /æbəʊˈmeisəm/ n. (pl. abomasa /-sə/)  the fourth stomach of a ruminant (反刍动物的)第四胃，皱胃 [modern Latin from AB- + OMASUM]

A-bomb /ˈeibɒm/ n.  = ATOM BOMB  [A2 4 + BOMB]

abominable /əˈbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  detestable; loathsome; morally reprehensible 讨厌的；可恶的；道德上卑劣的 2 colloq.  very bad or unpleasant [口]非常糟糕的；令人不快的  abominable weather  糟糕的天气 □ abominably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin abominabilis, from abominari ‘deprecate’ (as AB-, ominari from OMEN)]

Abominable Snowman n.  an unidentified manlike or bearlike animal said to exist in the Himalayas; a yeti 雪人(传说生活在喜马拉亚山区的一种既像人又像熊的动物)

abominate /əˈbɒmineit/ v. tr.  detest, loathe 嫌恶，憎恶 □ abominator  n.   [Latin abominari (as ABOMINABLE)]

abomination /əbɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an object of disgust 令人憎恶的事物 2  an odious or degrading habit or act 可憎恶的或卑劣的习惯或行为 3  loathing 嫌恶，深恶痛绝 [Middle English from Old French (as ABOMINATE)]

aboral /æbˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  furthest from or opposite the mouth 远口的，反口的 [AB- + ORAL]

aboriginal /æbəˈridʒin(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of races and natural phenomena) inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists (指种族和自然现象)土著的或最早存在的 2 (作 Aboriginal)  of the Australian Aboriginals or their languages 澳大利亚土著民的或土语的 ●n.  1  an aboriginal inhabitant 土著，土著民 2 (作 Aboriginal)  = ABORIGINE 2  3 (作 Aboriginal)  any of the Australian Aboriginal languages 澳大利亚各土著语言 [as ABORIGINE + -AL]■Usage 用法说明 With reference to indigenous Australians, Aborigine is the preferred term in the singular with Aboriginals preferred for the plural. The adjective is always Aboriginal. 对于澳大利亚土著人的称谓，较多用的单数形式为 Aborigine ，复数形式为 Aboriginals 。形容词形式永远是 Aboriginal 。 

aborigine /æbəˈridʒini:/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an aboriginal inhabitant 土著民 2 (作 Aborigine)  an aboriginal inhabitant of Australia 澳大利亚土著民 3  an aboriginal plant or animal 土生土长的植物或动物 [back-formation from pl. aborigines from Latin, probably from the phrase ab origine ‘from the beginning’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ABORIGINAL. 见 ABORIGINAL 的用法说明。 

aborning /əˈbɔ:niŋ/ adv. & adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adv. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 die aborning)  while being born or produced 出生或生产时 ●predic. adj.  being born or produced 出生的，生产的 [A-4 4 + borning verbal noun from born ‘be born’]

abort /əˈbɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a woman) undergo abortion; miscarry (妇女)堕胎；流产b (of a foetus) suffer abortion (胎儿)流产 2 tr.  a  effect the abortion of (a foetus) 使(胎儿)流产b  effect abortion in (a mother) 使(母亲)堕胎 3  a tr.  cause to end fruitlessly or prematurely; stop in the early stages 使中止，使夭折；在初期即中止b intr.  end unsuccessfully or prematurely 半途而废；夭折 4  a tr.  abandon or terminate (a space flight or other technical project) before its completion, usu. because of a fault (由于故障等原因)放弃，中止(航天计划或其他技术项目)b intr.  terminate or fail to complete such an undertaking (此类计划)中止，夭折 5 Biol. 【生】  a intr. (of an organ or embryo) remain undeveloped; shrink away (器官或胚胎)未能正常发育；萎缩b tr.  cause to do this 使不正常发育；使萎缩 ●n.  1  a prematurely terminated space flight or other undertaking 夭折的航天计划或其他项目 2  the termination of such an undertaking (此类计划的)中止，夭折 [Latin aboriri ‘miscarry’ (as AB-, oriri ort- ‘be born’)]

abortifacient /əbɔ:tiˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  effecting abortion 促使流产(的) ●n.  a drug or other agent that effects abortion 堕胎药物

abortion /əˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the expulsion of a foetus (naturally or esp. by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently, esp. in the first 28 weeks of a human pregnancy (自然或尤指通过医学引流的)堕胎，打胎 2  a stunted or deformed creature or thing 发育不完全或畸形的动物或东西 3  the failure of a project or an action (计划或行动的)失败 4 Biol.  the arrest of the development of an organ or embryo 【生】(器官或胚胎发育的)受阻 [Latin abortio (as ABORT)]

abortionist /əˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)nist/ n.  1  a person who carries out abortions, esp. illegally (尤指非法)为人堕胎者 2  a person who favours the legalization of abortion 赞同堕胎立法的人

abortive /əˈbɔ:tiv/ adj.  1  fruitless, unsuccessful, unfinished 流产的，堕胎的；未完成的 2  resulting in abortion 导致流产的 3 Biol. (of an organ etc.) rudimentary; arrested in development 【生】(器官等)未发达的；发育不全的 □ abortively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French abortif -ive from Latin abortivus (as ABORT)]

ABO system n.  a system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) by which human blood may be classified, based on the presence or absence of certain inherited antigens ABO 血型体系(根据具有或缺少某种抗原，将人类血型分为 4 种，即 A 、 AB 、 B 和 O 型)

aboulia /əˈbu:liə/ n. (also 亦作 abulia)  the loss of will-power as a mental disorder 意志力丧失 □ aboulic  adj.   [Greek a- ‘not’ + boulē ‘will’]

abound /əˈbaʊnd/ v. intr.  1  be plentiful 丰富；富于 2 (foll. by 后跟 in, with)  be rich; teem or be infested 富含；充满；大量存在 [Middle English from Old French abunder etc. from Latin abundare ‘overflow’ (as AB-, undare from unda ‘wave’)]

about /əˈbaʊt/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  a  on the subject of; in connection with 对于，关于  a book about birds  一本关于鸟的书 what are you talking about?  你们在谈论什么？ argued about money  为钱争论不休b  relating to 有关，至于  something funny about this  此事的有趣之处c  in relation to 与…有关  symmetry about a plane  飞机的对称性d  so as to affect 对于，至于  what are you going to do about it?  对于此事你打算怎么办？ 2  at a time near to 将近…的时候，大约  come about four  4 点左右来 3  a  in, round, surrounding 在…中；在…周围  wandered about the town  在城中游荡 a scarf about her neck  围在她脖子上的一条围巾b  all round from a centre 围绕着…，…周围  look about you  看看你四周 4  here and there in; at points throughout 在…地方到处都是；零星般地散落在某地  toys lying about the house  散落在房屋里各处的玩具 5  at a point or points near to 在…附近  fighting going on about us  我们身边正在发生的战斗 6  carried with 带着  have no money about me  我没带钱 7  occupied with 从事，忙于  what are you about?  你在忙什么？ ●adv.  1  a  approximately 大概，大约  costs about a pound  大约花 1 镑 is about right  大概是对的b colloq.  used to indicate understatement [口]用于表示有节制或轻描淡写  just about had enough  差不多够了 it's about time they came  他们差不多该来了 2  here and there; at points nearby 到处；在附近  a lot of flu about  到处都流行流感 I've seen him about recently  我最近在这一带还见过他 3  all round; in every direction 各处；四下  look about  四处张望 4  on the move; in action 在移动；在行动  out and about  在户外活动 5  in partial rotation or alteration from a given position 半转向或相背  the wrong way about  转错了方向 6  in rotation or succession 旋转；连续  turn and turn about  不停地旋转 7 Naut.  on or to the opposite tack 【海】抢风航行的逆行  go about  抢风换向 put about  抢风掉头 □ be about  colloq.  have as its most important aim [口]最重要的是，为的是  putting on the play was not about making money but having fun  演这出戏不是为了赚钱，而是为了娱乐□ be about to   1  be on the point of (doing something) 正要，即将(做某事)  was about to laugh  就要笑出来 2 (with neg. 与否定词连用) colloq.  intending to; prepared to [口]打算…；准备…  we're not about to give in  我们不打算屈服 [Old English onbūtan (on = A2, būtan BUT1)]

about-face n., v. & int. ●n. & v. intr. esp. US [尤美]  = ABOUT-TURNn. & v.  ●int.  = ABOUT TURNint. 

about-turn n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a turn made so as to face the opposite direction 向后转 2  a change of opinion or policy etc. (观点、政策等的)改变，转变 ●v. intr.  make an about-turn 向后转 ●int. (作 about turn) Mil.  a command to make an about-turn 【军】向后转 [originally as int.]

above /əˈbʌv/ prep., adv., adj. & n. ●prep.  1  over; on the top of; higher (vertically, up a slope or stream etc.) than; over the surface of 高于；在(山坡、河流等)上方；超过…  head above water  头露出水面 above the din  在喧闹声之上 2  more than 超过，多于  above twenty people  20 多人 above average  高于平均水平 3  higher in rank, position, importance, etc., than (职位、地位、重要性等)高于…  thwarted by those above him  受到比他地位高的人的阻挠 4  a  too great or good for 超出；不屑于  above one's station  超越某人的身份 is not above cheating at cards  不免搞些牌桌上的小骗术b  beyond the reach of; not affected by 触及不到；不受影响  above my understanding  我不能理解 above suspicion  无可怀疑 5 archaic  to an earlier time than [古义]在…之前，早于  not traced above the third century  没有追溯到 3 世纪以前 ●adv.  1  at or to a higher point; overhead 在…之上；头顶上  the floor above  上面那层楼 the clouds above  头顶上的云彩 2  a  upstairs 楼上  lives above  住在楼上b  upstream 上游 3 (of a text reference) further back on a page or in a book (文章中表示参照)上文  as noted above  如上所述 4  on the upper side 上面；上部  looks similar above and below  看上去上下都差不多 5  in addition 另外  over and above  此外 6 literary  in heaven [文学用语]在天堂  Lord above!  上天啊！ ●adj.  mentioned earlier; preceding 上文提到的；前面的  the above argument  上述观点 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  what is mentioned above 上文提到的内容  the above shows  上述内容表明 □ above all   more than anything else; most of all 最重要的；首先，尤其□ above ground   alive 活着□ above one's head   see 见 HEAD □ above oneself   conceited, arrogant 得意忘形，趾高气扬 [A2 + Old English bufan, from be = BY + ufan ‘above’]

above board adj. & adv.  without concealment; fair or fairly; open or openly 磊落；光明正大

ab ovo /æb ˈəʊvəʊ/ adv.  from the very beginning 最初；从头开始 [Latin, = from the egg]

Abp. abbr. [缩略]  Archbishop 

abracadabra /æbrəkəˈdæbrə/ int. & n. ●int.  a supposedly magic word used by conjurors in performing a trick (魔术师表演时所说)咒语；念念有词 ●n.  1  a spell or charm 咒语，咒符 2  jargon or gibberish 行话；土语；快而含糊不清的话 [a mystical word engraved and used as a charm: Latin from Greek]

abrade /əˈbreid/ v. tr.  scrape or wear away (skin, rock, etc.) by rubbing (皮肤、石头等)擦伤；磨损 □ abrader  n.  磨光机 [Latin from AB-, radere ras- ‘scrape’]

Abraham /ˈeibrəhæm, ˈeibrəhəm/   亚伯拉罕 [人名]

abrasion /əˈbreiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the scraping or wearing away (of skin, rock, etc.) (皮肤、石头等的)擦伤；磨损 2  a damaged area resulting from this 磨损处 [Latin abrasio (as ABRADE)]

abrasive /əˈbreisiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  tending to rub or graze 摩擦的；研磨的b  capable of polishing by rubbing or grinding 可擦亮的，可抛光的 2  harsh or hurtful in manner 粗暴、苛责的性格 ●n.  an abrasive substance 研磨剂，研磨材料 [as ABRADE + -IVE]

abreact /æbriˈækt/ v. tr. Psychol.  release (an emotion) by abreaction 【心】使消散；发泄(情绪) [back-formation from ABREACTION]

abreaction /æbriˈækʃ(ə)n/ n. Psychol.  the free expression and consequent release of a previously repressed emotion 【心】消散；发泄(压抑的情绪) □ abreactive  adj.   [AB- + REACTION, influenced by German Abreagierung]

abreast /əˈbrest/ adv.  1  side by side and facing the same way 肩并肩地；朝同方向并列地 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  up to date 最新式的；流行的b (foll. by 后跟 of)  well informed 见多识广的；消息灵通的  abreast of all the changes  了解所有的变化 [Middle English, from A2 + BREAST]

abridge /əˈbridʒ/ v. tr.  1  shorten (a book, film, etc.) by using fewer words or making deletions 删节(图书、电影等) 2  curtail (liberty) 限制；剥夺(自由) □ abridgeable  adj.  □ abridger  n.   [Middle English via Old French abreg(i)er from Late Latin abbreviare ABBREVIATE]

abridgement /əˈbridʒm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 abridgment)  1  a  a shortened version, esp. of a book; an abstract (尤指书的)删节本，节本；摘要b  the process of producing this 删节；节略 2  a curtailment (of rights) (权利的)限制；剥夺 [French abrégement (as ABRIDGE)]

abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv.  1  in or to a foreign country or countries 在外国；到海外，出国 2  over a wide area; in different directions; everywhere 四处，各处，到处  scatter abroad  四散开来 3  at large; freely moving about; in circulation 广泛流传；自由流通；传播  there is a rumour abroad  谣言四起 4 archaic  in or into the open; out of doors [古义]在室外；到户外 5 archaic  wide of the mark; erring [古义]相去甚远；出错 □ from abroad   from another country 从海外归来，回国 [Middle English, from A2 + BROAD]

abrogate /ˈæbrəɡeit/ v. tr.  repeal, annul, or abolish (a law or custom) 废除，革除；取消(法律或习俗) □ abrogation  /æbrəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ abrogator  n.   [Latin abrogare (as AB-, rogare ‘propose a law’)]

abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ adj.  1  sudden and unexpected; hasty 突然的，意外的；匆忙的  his abrupt departure  他的突然离去 2 (of speech, manner, etc.) uneven; lacking continuity; curt (谈话、态度等)不一致的；不连贯的；生硬的 3  steep, precipitous 险峻的，陡峭的 4 Bot.  truncated 【植】切去头的；缩短了的 □ abruptly  adv.  □ abruptness  n.   [Latin abruptus, past part. of abrumpere (as AB-, rumpere ‘break’)]

ABS abbr.  anti-lock braking system (for motor vehicles) [缩略] (汽车的)刹车防抱死系统

abs- /əbs, æbs/ prefix  = AB-  [variant of Latin abused before c, q, t]

abscess /ˈæbsis, -ses/ n.  a swollen area accumulating pus within a body tissue 脓肿；溃疡 □ abscessed  adj.   [Latin abscessus ‘a going away’ (as AB-, cedere cess- ‘go’): from the elimination of bad matter via the pus]

abscisic acid /æbˈsisik/ n.  a plant hormone which promotes leaf detachment and bud dormancy and inhibits germination 脱落酸(使植物叶片脱落，进入休眠并抑止萌芽的植物激素) [Latin abscis- past part. stem of abscindere (as AB-, scindere ‘cut’)]

abscissa /æbˈsisə/ n. (pl. abscissae /-si:/ or abscissas) Math. 【数】  1 (in a system of coordinates) the shortest distance from a point to the vertical or y-axis, measured parallel to the horizontal or x-axis; the Cartesian x-coordinate of a point (cf. 参见 ORDINATE) 横坐标 2  the part of a line between a fixed point on it and an ordinate drawn to it from any other point 横轴线 [modern Latin abscissa (linea) ‘cut-off (line)’, fem. past part. of abscindere absciss- (as AB-, scindere ‘cut’)]

abscission /əbˈsiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of cutting off 切断；切除 2 Bot.  the natural detachment of leaves, branches, flowers, etc. 【植】(叶片、枝条、花瓣等的)自然脱落 [Latin abscissio (as ABSCISSA)]

abscond /əbˈskɒnd/ v. intr.  depart hurriedly and furtively, esp. unlawfully or to avoid arrest 潜逃；逃匿 □ absconder  n.   [originally in the sense ‘hide, conceal (oneself)’: Latin abscondere ‘hide, put away’ (as AB-, condere ‘stow’)]

abseil /ˈæbseil, -zail/ v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. intr.  descend a steep rock face etc. by using a doubled rope coiled round the body and fixed at a higher point (登山运动等的)绕绳下降，坐式下降 ●n.  a descent made by abseiling 沿绳下降(法) □ abseiler  n.   [German abseilen from ab ‘down’ + Seil ‘rope’]

absence /ˈæbs(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of being away from a place or person 缺席，不在 2  the time or duration of being away 缺席或不在期间 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the non-existence or lack of 缺乏，缺少 □ absence of mind   inattentiveness 漫不经心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin absentia (as ABSENT)]

absent adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈæbs(ə)nt/  1  a  not present 缺席的，不在的b (foll. by 后跟 from)  not present at or in 未到场，未出席 2  not existing 不存在的 3  inattentive to the matter in hand (对手头的事情)漫不经心的 ●v. refl. /æbˈsent/  1  stay away 离开；不靠近 2  withdraw 撤离，移开 □ absently  adv. (in sense 3 of adj. 用于形容词释义 3)  心不在焉地；茫然地 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin absent-, pres. part. of abesse ‘be absent’]

absentee /æbs(ə)nˈti:/ n.  a person not present, esp. one who is absent from work or school 缺勤者；缺课者

absenteeism /æbs(ə)nˈti:iz(ə)m/ n.  the practice of absenting oneself from work or school etc., esp. frequently or illicitly (尤指经常、无正当理由的)缺勤，缺课

absentee landlord n.  a landlord who lets a property while living elsewhere 住在他处而将房产出租的房主

absent-minded /æbs(ə)ntˈmaindid/ adj.  habitually forgetful or inattentive; with one's mind on other things 善忘而不经心的；心不在焉的 □ absent-mindedly  adv.  □ absent-mindedness  n.  

absinth /ˈæbsinθ/ n.  1  the shrub wormwood, Artemisia absinthium, or an essence from it 蒿属植物；苦艾 2 (usu. 通常作 absinthe)  a green aniseed-flavoured potent liqueur turning milky when water is added, originally made with wormwood 苦艾酒(一种由苦艾制成、加入水时会变成乳白色的、略带茴香味的烈性酒) [French absinthe via Latin absinthium from Greek apsinthion ‘wormwood’]

absit omen /ˈæbsit ˈəʊmən/ int.  may what is threatened not become fact 但愿不祥之兆不会成为事实 [Latin, = may this (evil) omen be absent]

absolute /ˈæbsəlu:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  complete, utter, perfect 十足的，完全的，彻头彻尾的  an absolute fool  十足的傻瓜 absolute bliss  极乐 2  unconditional, unlimited 无条件的；绝对的  absolute authority  绝对权威 3  despotic; ruling arbitrarily or with unrestricted power 专制的；擅权的  an absolute monarch  专制的君王 4 (of a standard or other concept) universally valid; not admitting exceptions; not relative or comparative (标准、概念等)普遍有效的；无例外的；绝对的 5 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a construction) syntactically independent of the rest of the sentence (句子结构中的)独立结构  as in 例如在 dinner being over , we left the table  吃完饭，我们离开了餐桌 let us toss for it , loser to pay  让我们掷币打赌，输者付账b (of an adjective or transitive verb) used or usable without an expressed noun or object (e.g. 例如 the deaf 聋哑人 , guns kill 枪支杀人) (形容词或及物动词)独立或可独立使用而无需跟名词或宾语的 6 (of a legal decree etc.) final (判决等)终审的，最后的 ●n. Philos. 【哲】  1  a value, standard, etc., which is objective and universally valid, not subjective or relative (价值，标准等)绝对的；普遍的；无条件的 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a Philos.  that which can exist without being related to anything else 【哲】独立存在b Theol.  ultimate reality; God 【神】终极本体；上帝 □ absoluteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin absolutus, past part. of absolvere: see ABSOLVE]

absolute alcohol n. Chem.  ethanol which is at least 99 per cent pure 【化】纯度在 99% 以上的酒精(乙醇)

absolutely /ˈæbsəlu:tli/ adv.  1  completely, utterly, perfectly 十足地；完全地；非常  absolutely marvellous  太好了 he absolutely denies it  他断然否认 2  independently; in an absolute sense 独立地；绝对地  God exists absolutely  上帝绝对存在 3 (foll. by neg. 后跟否定词) (no or none) at all 绝对(没有)，绝(无)  absolutely no chance of winning  绝无胜算 absolutely nowhere  绝对没有 4 colloq.  in actual fact; positively [口]实际上；肯定  it absolutely exploded  它真的爆炸了 5 Gram.  in an absolute way, esp. (of a verb) without a stated object 【语法】独立的；(尤指动词)不带明述宾语的 6 /-ˈlu:tli, -ˈlju:tli/ colloq. (used in reply) quite so; yes [口] (用于回答)没错，是这样

absolute magnitude n.  the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as it would be seen at a standard distance of 10 parsecs (opp. 反义 APPARENT MAGNITUDE) 绝对星等(以 10 秒差距的标准距离看到的某个天体的最大亮度)

absolute majority n.  1  a majority over all others combined 超过所有其他总合的多数，绝对多数 2  more than half 超过半数

absolute pitch n. Mus. 【音】  1  the ability to recognize the pitch of a note or produce any given note; perfect pitch 绝对音高；标准音高 2  a fixed standard of pitch defined by the rate of vibration (根据振动频率确定的)标准音高体系

absolute temperature n.  a temperature measured from absolute zero (以绝对零度为基准的)绝对温度

absolute zero n.  a theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which the particles whose motion constitutes heat would be minimal, calculated as -273.15°C (or zero on the Kelvin scale) 绝对零度(原子内部所有产生热量的运动都停止后可能达到的最低温度，即－ 273.15°C) ，开氏温标零度

absolution /æbsəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment (正式的)免罪；赦免 2  an ecclesiastical declaration of forgiveness of sins (宗教上对某人罪过的)赦免 3  a remission of penance 免忏悔；免惩罚 4  forgiveness 宽恕；原宥 [Middle English via Old French from Latin absolutio -onis (as ABSOLVE)]

absolutism /ˈæbsəlu:tiz(ə)m/ n.  the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters 专制主义，专制论；绝对主义 □ absolutist  n. & adj.  

absolve /əbˈzɒlv/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, of)  a  set or pronounce free from blame or obligation etc. 使免除(罪责，责任等)b  acquit; pronounce not guilty 宣判无罪 2  pardon or give absolution for (a sin etc.) 原谅或赦免(罪恶等) [Latin absolvere (as AB-, solvere solut- ‘loosen’)]

absorb /əbˈzɔ:b, -ˈsɔ:b/ v. tr.  1  include or incorporate as part of itself or oneself 吸纳；吸收并溶合  the country successfully absorbed its immigrants  那个国家成功地吸纳了外来移民 2  take in; suck up (liquid, heat, knowledge, etc.) 吸收，吸取(液体、热量、知识等)  she quickly absorbed all she was taught  她很快就掌握了教给她的所有东西 3  reduce the effect or intensity of; deal easily with (an impact, sound, difficulty, etc.) 减轻(声音、冲击、难度等)；从容应付 4  consume (income, time, resources, etc.) 消耗(收入、时间、资源等)  his debts absorbed half his income  他的债务耗去了他一半的收入 5  engross the attention of 吸引住(某人的注意力或兴趣)  television absorbs them completely  电视把他们完全吸引住了 □ absorbable  adj.  □ absorbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ absorber  n.   [Middle English, from French absorber or Latin absorbēre absorpt- (as AB-, sorbēre ‘suck in’)]

absorbance /əbˈzɔ:b(ə)ns, -ˈsɔ:b(ə)ns/ n. Physics  a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light etc., equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of the transmittance 【物理学】吸光度(物质吸收光的能力)

absorbed /əbˈzɔ:bd, -ˈsɔ:bd/ predic. adj.  intensely engaged or interested 全神贯注的；一心一意的  he was absorbed in his work  他全神贯注于他的工作 □ absorbedly  /-bidli/ adv.  

absorbent /əbˈzɔ:b(ə)nt, -ˈsɔ:b-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having a tendency to absorb (esp. liquids) 能吸收(尤指液体)的；有吸收能力的 ●n.  an absorbent substance or thing 吸收剂 □ absorbency  n.   [Latin absorbent- from absorbēre ABSORB]

absorbing /əbˈzɔ:biŋ, -ˈsɔ:biŋ/ adj.  engrossing; intensely interesting 吸引人的；非常有趣的 □ absorbingly  adv.  

absorption /əbˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈsɔ:p-/ n.  1  the process or action of absorbing or being absorbed (被)吸收；吸进 2  disappearance through incorporation into something else (被其他物质)吸收而消失 3  mental engrossment 专心；着迷 □ absorptive  /-ˈzɔ:ptiv, -ˈsɔ:b-/ adj.   [Latin absorptio (as ABSORB)]

absorption spectrum n.  a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, with dark lines or bands showing absorption at specific wavelengths 吸收光谱；吸收频谱

abstain /əbˈstein/ v. intr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 常后跟 from)  restrain oneself; refrain from indulging in 自制，克制；忍住  abstained from cakes and sweets  克制住不吃点心和甜食 abstained from mentioning it  忍住不提此事b  refrain from drinking alcohol 戒酒 2  formally decline to use one's vote 弃权 □ abstainer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French astener and Old French abstenir from Latin abstinēre abstent- (as AB-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

abstemious /əbˈsti:miəs/ adj. (of a person, habit, etc.) moderate, not self-indulgent, esp. in eating and drinking (人、习惯等)适当的；节制的(尤指在饮食方面) □ abstemiously  adv.  □ abstemiousness  n.   [Latin abstemius (as AB-, temetum ‘strong drink’)]

abstention /əbˈstenʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of abstaining, esp. from voting 戒绝；回避；(尤指投票)弃权 □ abstentionism  n.   [French abstention or Late Latin abstentio -onis (as ABSTAIN)]

abstinence /ˈæbstinəns/ n.  the act of abstaining, esp. from food, alcohol, or sexual activity (在饮食上)节制；禁欲 [Middle English via Old French from Latin abstinentia (as ABSTINENT)]

abstinent /ˈæbstinənt/ adj.  practising abstinence (饮食上)有节制的；禁欲的 □ abstinently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as ABSTAIN)]

abstract adj., v. & n. ●adj. /ˈæbstrækt/  1  a  to do with or existing in thought rather than matter, or in theory rather than practice; not tangible or concrete 抽象的；纯理论的  abstract questions rarely concerned him  抽象的问题很少和他沾边b (of a word, esp. a noun) denoting a quality or condition or intangible thing rather than a concrete object (词汇，尤指名词)非指具体物体的，抽象的 2 (of art) achieving its effect by grouping shapes and colours in satisfying patterns rather than by the recognizable representation of physical reality (美术上通过条块和色彩变化而非具体形象表达思想的)抽象的 ●v. /əbˈstrækt/  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  take out of; extract; remove 摘要；提取，萃取；剔出 2  a tr.  summarize (an article, book, etc.) 概述，写出(文章、书等)要点b intr.  do this as an occupation 从事概述、摘要工作 3 tr. & refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  disengage (a person's attention etc.); distract 分散；岔开(某人的注意力等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  consider abstractly or separately from something else 抽取或分离出来考虑 5 tr. euphem.  steal [婉]偷取，偷 ●n. /ˈæbstrækt/  1  a summary or statement of the contents of a book etc. (书等的)摘要，概述 2  an abstract work of art 抽象艺术作品 3  an abstraction or abstract term 抽象；抽象名词 □ in the abstract   in theory rather than in practice 理论上而非实际上的□ abstractly  /ˈæbstræktli/ adv.  □ abstractor  /əbˈstræktə/ n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French or Latin abstractus, past part. of abstrahere (as AB-, trahere ‘draw’)]

abstracted /əbˈstræktid/ adj.  inattentive to the matter in hand; preoccupied 分心的，出神的；心不在焉的 □ abstractedly  adv.  

abstract expressionism n.  a development of abstract art which aims at a subjective emotional expression of an ideal rather than a picture of a physical object 抽象表现主义

abstraction /əbˈstrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of abstracting or taking away 摘要，提要 2  a  an abstract or visionary idea 抽象概念；想像b  the formation of abstract ideas 抽象化 3  a  abstract qualities (esp. in art) 抽象，抽象性(尤指艺术)b  an abstract work of art 抽象艺术作品 4  absent-mindedness 心不在焉 [French abstraction or Latin abstractio (as ABSTRACT)]

abstractionism /əbˈstrækʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principles and practice of abstract art 抽象派艺术的原则和实践 2  the pursuit or cult of abstract ideas 抽象思想的追随或崇拜 □ abstractionist  n.  

abstruse /əbˈstru:s/ adj.  hard to understand; obscure; profound 难懂的，难解的；模糊的；深奥的 □ abstrusely  adv.  □ abstruseness  n.   [French abstruse or Latin abstrusus ‘put away, hidden’ (as AB-, trusus, past part. of trudere ‘push’)]

absurd /əbˈsɜ:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an idea, suggestion, etc.) wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate (指观点、建议等)荒谬的；不合逻辑的；不适当的 2 (of a person) unreasonable or ridiculous in manner (指人)古怪的，荒唐的 3 (of a thing) ludicrous, incongruous (事情)滑稽的；不适宜的；不和谐一致的  an absurd hat  一顶滑稽的帽子 the situation was becoming absurd  形势正变得杂乱无章 ●n. (作 the absurd)  that which is absurd, esp. human existence in a purposeless chaotic universe 荒诞，荒唐(尤指人类在一个无目的混乱宇宙中的生存) □ absurdly  adv.  □ absurdness  n.   [French absurde or Latin absurdus (as AB-, surdus ‘deaf, dull’)]

absurdism /əbˈsɜ:diz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless chaotic universe (认为人类生存于一个无目的的、混乱宇宙中的)荒诞主义 □ absurdist  adj. & n.  

absurdity /əbˈsɜ:diti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wild inappropriateness or incongruity 荒谬；不调和 2  extreme unreasonableness 极端无理性，悖理 3  an absurd statement or act 谬论；荒谬的行为 [French absurdité or Late Latin absurditas (as ABSURD)]

ABTA /ˈæbtə/ abbr.  Association of British Travel Agents [缩略]英国旅行社协会

Abu Dhabi /ˌɑ:bu:ˈdɑ:bi:/ n.  阿布扎比 [阿拉伯联合酋长国首都]

abulia var.  of ABOULIA  ABOULIA 的变体

abundance /əˈbʌnd(ə)ns/ n.  1  a very great quantity, usu. considered to be more than enough 大量，丰富，充裕 2  wealth, affluence 富裕，富足 3  wealth of emotion (感情上的)丰富  abundance of heart  充满感情 4  a call in solo whist undertaking to make nine tricks (一种牌戏中赢得 9 墩的)叫牌 [Middle English via Old French abundance from Latin abundantia (as ABUNDANT)]

abundant /əˈbʌnd(ə)nt/ adj.  1  existing or available in large quantities; plentiful 大量的；丰富的，充裕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  having an abundance of 富于…；盛产…  a country abundant in fruit  盛产水果的国家 □ abundantly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin, pres. part. of abundare ABOUND]

abuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈbju:z/  1  use to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse 滥用；误用  abused his position of power  滥用职权 2  insult verbally 诬蔑，辱骂 3  maltreat; assault (esp. sexually) 侮辱；虐待(尤指性方面的) ●n. /əˈbju:s/  1  a  incorrect or improper use 滥用，妄用  the abuse of power  滥用权力b  an instance of this 滥用(权力)的事例 2  insulting language 辱骂，恶言，脏话  a torrent of abuse  破口大骂 3  unjust or corrupt practice 陋习，弊病 4  maltreatment or (esp. sexual) assault of a person (尤指性)虐待，侮辱，滥交  child abuse  猥亵儿童 □ abuser  /əˈbju:zə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French abus (n.), abuser (v.) from Latin abusus, abuti (as AB-, uti us- USE)]

abusive /əˈbju:siv/ adj.  1  using or containing insulting language 辱骂的，谩骂的 2 (of language) insulting (语言)带有侮辱性的 □ abusively  adv.  □ abusiveness  n.  

abut /əˈbʌt/ v. (abutted, abutting)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of estates, countries, etc.) adjoin (another) (土地，国家等)毗邻的，紧接的 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, against) (of part of a building) touch or lean upon (another) with a projecting end or point (建筑物的一部分)和(另一建筑)搭接的，连接的  the shed abutted on the side of the house  棚子和房子的一侧相连 3 tr.  abut on 与…相连 [Old French abouter (BUTT1) and Anglo-Latin abuttare, from Old French but ‘end’]

abutment /əˈbʌtm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the lateral supporting structure of a bridge, arch, etc. 桥台；拱座 2  the point of junction between such a support and the thing supported (桥台、拱座与被支撑部分的)连接处；邻接，接界

abutter /əˈbʌtə/ n. Law  the owner of an adjoining property 【法律】相邻房地产的业主

abuzz /əˈbʌz/ adv. & adj.  in a ‘buzz’ (see 见 BUZZ n. 3); in a state of excitement or activity 嘁嘁喳喳的；激动的；活跃的

abysmal /əˈbizm(ə)l/ adj.  1 colloq.  extremely bad [口]极坏的，糟糕透了的  abysmal weather  恶劣的天气 the standard is abysmal  标准定的非常糟糕 2  profound, utter 极度的，完全的  abysmal ignorance  极端无知 □ abysmally  adv.   [archaic or poet. abysm = ABYSS, via Old French abi(s)me from medieval Latin abysmus]

abyss /əˈbis/ n.  1  a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm 深渊；无底洞 2  a  an immeasurable depth 无垠；深不可测  abyss of despair  极度绝望b  a catastrophic situation as contemplated or feared 悲惨的境地；可怕的结局  his loss brought him a step nearer the abyss  他的失败使他几近崩溃 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  primal chaos; hell 混沌；地狱 [Middle English via Late Latin abyssus from Greek abussos ‘bottomless’ (as A-1, bussos ‘depth’)]

abyssal /əˈbis(ə)l/ adj.  1  at or of the ocean depths or floor 深海的；海底的 2 Geol.  at or from a great depth in the earth's crust; plutonic 【地质】地壳深处的；火成岩的，火成论的

AC abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 ac)  alternating current 交流电 2  aircraftman 空军一、二等兵 3  before Christ 公元前 4  Companion of the Order of Australia 澳大利亚受(女王)册封勋位 5  appellation contrôlée (经核准的)原产地专用商标 [sense 3 from Latin ante Christum]

Ac symb. Chem.  the element actinium [符]【化】(化学元素)锕

a/c abbr. [缩略]  account  [account current: see ACCOUNT n. 2, 3]

ac- /æk, ək/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before c, k, q (用于 c 、 k 和 q 前)AD- 的同化形式

-ac /æk/ suffix  forming adjectives which are often also (or only) used as nouns (cardiac, maniac) (see also 另见 -ACAL) 用于构成亦可作为名词的形容词(有些只作名词) [French -aque, Latin -acus, or Greek -akos adjectival suffix]

acacia /əˈkeiʃə, -sjə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 acacia tree)  a leguminous tree of the genus Acacia, with yellow or white flowers, esp. A. senegal yielding gum arabic 阿拉伯橡胶树，金合欢属植物 2 (also 亦作 false acacia)  the locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, grown for ornament 杨槐，刺槐 [Latin, from Greek akakia]

academe /ˈækədi:m/ n.  1  a  the world of learning 学术界b  universities collectively 高等学府(统称) 2 literary  a college or university [文学用语]大学，学院 [Greek Akadēmos (see ACADEMY): used by Shakespeare (Love's Labour's Lost I. i. 13) and Milton (Paradise Regained iv. 244)]

academia /ækəˈdi:miə/ n.  the academic world; scholastic life 学术界；学术生活 [modern Latin: see ACADEMY]

academic /ækəˈdemik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  scholarly; to do with learning 学术的；与学术有关的b  of or relating to a scholarly institution 学术机构的；学院派的  academic dress  学院制服 2  abstract; theoretical; not of practical relevance 抽象的；理论的；非实际的 3 Art  conventional, over-formal 【艺术】常规的，传统的；过于正式的 4  a  of or concerning Plato's philosophy 有关柏拉图哲学的b  sceptical 怀疑的，怀疑论的 ●n.  a teacher or scholar in a university or institute of higher education 高等学校的教师或学者 □ academically  adv.   [French académique or Latin academicus (as ACADEMY)]

academical /ækəˈdemik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  belonging to a college or university 属于大学或学院的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  formal university attire [英]大学制服

academician /əkædəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of an Academy, esp. of the Royal Academy of Arts, the Académie française, or the Russian Academy of Sciences (尤指英国皇家艺术院、法国科学院和俄国科学院)院士 2 US  an academic; an intellectual [美]学者；知识分子 [French académicien (as ACADEMIC)]

academicism /ækəˈdemisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 academism /əˈkædəmiz(ə)m/)  academic principles or their application in art 拘泥刻板；(艺术上的)传统主义，因袭主义

academic year n.  a period of nearly a year reckoned from the time of the main student intake, usu. from the beginning of the autumn term to the end of the summer term 学年(通常从秋季到第二年夏季)

academy /əˈkædəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a place of study or training in a special field 学院；高等专科学校  military academy  军事学院 academy of dance  舞蹈学院b hist.  a place of study [史义]研究(学习)的地方，学校 2 (usu. 通常作 Academy)  a society or institution of distinguished scholars, artists, scientists, etc. 学术研究团体，学会  Royal Academy  皇家学院 3 US & Sc.  a secondary school, esp. US a private one [美和苏格兰]中学，[尤美]私立中学 4  a  Plato's followers or philosophical system 柏拉图的追随者；柏拉图的哲学体系b  the garden near Athens where Plato taught 柏拉图在雅典附近讲课的花园 [French académie or Latin academia from Greek akadēmeia, from Akadēmos the hero after whom Plato's garden was named]

Acadian /əˈkeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a hist.  a native or inhabitant of the 17th-c. French colony of Acadia on the east coast of Canada [史义] (17 世纪在加拿大东海岸上的法国殖民地)阿卡迪亚人b esp. Canad.  a French-speaking descendant of the early French settlers in Acadia [尤加拿大]阿卡迪亚地区的说法语的法国早期移民后裔 2 US  a descendant of the Acadians deported to Louisiana in the 18th c. (see 见 CAJUN) [美] (18 世纪被驱逐到路易斯安娜的)阿卡迪亚人 ●adj.  of or relating to Acadia or its people 阿卡迪亚的；阿卡迪亚人的 [Acadie, the French name for Nova Scotia]

-acal /ək(ə)l/ suffix  forming adjectives, often used to distinguish them from nouns in -ac (heliacal 太阳的 ; maniacal 疯狂的) 构成形容词，常用以区别以 -ac 结尾的名词

acanthus /əˈkænθəs/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant or shrub of the genus Acanthus, with spiny leaves 爵床属草本植物或灌木 2 Archit.  a conventionalized representation of an acanthus leaf, used esp. as a decoration for Corinthian column capitals 【建】叶形装饰物(尤指科林斯式建筑柱头的叶形装饰) [Latin from Greek akanthos, from akantha ‘thorn’, perhaps from akē ‘sharp point’]

a cappella /æ kəˈpelə, ɑ:/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 alla cappella /ælə/) Mus. (of choral music) unaccompanied 【音】(合唱音乐)无伴奏的 [Italian, = in church style]

acaricide /ˈækərisaid/ n.  a preparation for destroying mites 杀螨剂

acarid /ˈækərid/ n.  any small arachnid of the order Acarina, including mites and ticks 螨，螨虫 □ acarology  /ækəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  螨学 [modern Latin acarus + -ID3, from Greek akari ‘mite’]

ACAS /ˈeikæs/ abbr. (in the UK) Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service [缩略] (英国)咨询、调解与仲裁服务处

acausal /eiˈkɔ:z(ə)l, æ-/ adj.  not causal; not causally related 非原因的；无因果关系的

Accadian var.  of AKKADIAN  AKKADIAN 的变体

accede /əkˈsi:d/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  take office, esp. become monarch 到任；就职(尤指成为君主) 2  assent or agree 赞成，同意  acceded to the proposal  赞同那项提议 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  formally subscribe to a treaty or other agreement 正式签署(条约或协定) [Middle English from Latin accedere (as AC-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

accelerando /əkseləˈrændəʊ, ətʃel-/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  with a gradual increase of speed 逐渐加快 ●n. (pl. accelerandos or accelerandi /-di/)  a passage performed accelerando 逐渐加快演奏的段落 [Italian]

accelerate /əkˈseləreit/ v.  1 intr.  a (of a moving body, esp. a vehicle) move or begin to move more quickly; increase speed (指运动物体，尤指汽车)加速，加快b (of a process) happen or reach completion more quickly (指过程)加速发展 2 tr.  a  cause to increase speed 使加快速度b  cause (a process) to happen more quickly 使(过程)加速发展，促进 [Latin accelerare (as AC-, celerare from celer ‘swift’)]

acceleration /əkseləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or act of accelerating or being accelerated (被)加速，(被)加快 2  an instance of this 加速度的实例 3 (of a vehicle etc.) the capacity to gain speed (汽车等的)加速能力  the car has good acceleration  这辆车的加速性能不错 4 Physics  the rate of change of velocity measured in terms of a unit of time 【物理学】加速度 [French accélération or Latin acceleratio (as ACCELERATE)]

accelerative /əkˈselərətiv/ adj.  tending to increase speed; quickening 趋向加速的；加快的

accelerator /əkˈseləreitə/ n.  1  a device for increasing speed, esp. the pedal that controls the speed of a vehicle's engine 加速器；(尤指汽车的)油门 2 Physics  an apparatus for imparting high speeds to charged particles 【物理学】(带电粒子)加速器 3 Chem.  a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction 【化】反应加速剂；增显剂

accelerator board n. (also 亦作 accelerator card) Computing  an accessory circuit board which can be plugged into a small computer to increase its speed of operation 【计算】增速板(一种可以插入小型计算机中、增快其运行速度的附属电路板)

accelerometer /əkseləˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring acceleration esp. of rockets (尤指火箭的)加速度计，增速计 [ACCELERATE + -METER]

accent n. & v. ●n. /ˈæks(ə)nt, -sent/  1  a particular mode of pronunciation, esp. one associated with a particular region or group (尤指与某地或某个群体相关的)口音  Liverpool accent  利物浦口音 German accent  德国口音 upper-class accent  上流社会口音 2  prominence given to a syllable by stress or pitch (音节的)重音 3  a mark on a letter or word to indicate pitch, stress, or the quality of a vowel (表示音调、强调或元音性质等的)符号 4  a distinctive feature or emphasis 特点；强调  an accent on comfort  强调舒适 5 Mus.  emphasis on a particular note or chord 【音】(某个音符或某根弦的)重音 ●v. tr. /ækˈsent/  1  pronounce with an accent; emphasize (a word or syllable) 带有口音；重读(某一词或音节) 2  write or print accents on (words etc.) 在(词等上)标注重音 3  accentuate 强调 4 Mus.  play (a note etc.) with an accent 【音】加重演奏(某个音符等) □ accentual  /əkˈsentjʊəl/ adj.   [Latin accentus (as AC-, cantus ‘song’) representing Greek prosōidia (PROSODY), or through French accent, accenter]

accentor /əkˈsentə/ n.  a songbird of the Eurasian genus Prunella (formerly Accentor), e.g. the hedge sparrow or dunnock 篱雀属鸣禽；篱雀 [medieval Latin accentor from Latin ad ‘to’ + cantor ‘singer’]

accentuate /əkˈsentjʊeit/ v. tr.  emphasize; make prominent 强调；使…突出 □ accentuation  /əksentjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin accentuare accentuat- (as ACCENT)]

accept /əkˈsept/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  consent to receive (a thing offered) 接受，收纳(送与的某物) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give an affirmative answer to (an offer or proposal) 赞同(建议等) 3  regard favourably; treat as welcome 认可，赞同；欢迎  her mother-in-law never accepted her  她的婆婆从未接受她 4  a  believe or receive (an opinion, explanation, etc.) as adequate, valid, or correct 认可；承认，确认(观点、解释等)b  be prepared to subscribe to (a belief, philosophy, etc.) 接受，拥护(某一信仰、观念等) 5  receive as suitable 接受，接纳  the hotel accepts traveller's cheques  这家旅店接受旅行支票 the machine only accepts tokens  这台售货机只接受代用币 6  a  tolerate; submit to 容忍；服从，屈从于  accepted the umpire's decision  服从裁判的裁定b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) esp. Brit.  be willing to believe [尤英]相信  we accept that you meant well  我们相信你的用意是好的 7  undertake (an office or responsibility) 承担(职务或责任) 8  agree to meet (a draft or bill of exchange) 承兑(汇票、支票等) □ accepter  n.   [Middle English from Old French accepter or Latin acceptare, from accipere (as AC-, capere ‘take’)]

acceptable /əkˈseptəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  worthy of being accepted 可以接受的b  pleasing, welcome 愉快的；受欢迎的 2  adequate, satisfactory 适当的；满意的 3  tolerable 可承受的  an acceptable risk  可承受的风险 □ acceptability  /əkseptəˈbiliti/ n.  □ acceptableness  n.  □ acceptably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin acceptabilis (as ACCEPT)]

acceptance /əkˈsept(ə)ns/ n.  1  willingness to receive (a gift, payment, duty, etc.) 收，接受(礼物、付款、责任等) 2  an affirmative answer to an invitation or proposal (对邀请、建议等的)接受 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a willingness to accept (conditions, a circumstance, etc.) 同意，接受(条件、情况等) 4  a  approval, belief 赞同，相信  found wide acceptance  得到广泛认同b  willingness or ability to tolerate 愿意(或可)承受 5  a  agreement to meet a bill of exchange 承兑，承付b  a bill so accepted 承兑的账单 [French from accepter (as ACCEPT)]

acceptant /əkˈsept(ə)nt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  willingly accepting 乐于接受的 [French (as ACCEPTANCE)]

acceptation /æksepˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a particular sense, or the generally recognized meaning, of a word or phrase (词或短语的)某一特殊含意或广泛认可的意义 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin acceptatio (as ACCEPT)]

acceptor /əkˈseptə/ n.  1 Commerce  a person who accepts a bill 【商业】承兑人 2 Physics  an atom or molecule able to receive an extra electron, esp. an impurity in a semiconductor 【物理学】可以接受多余电子的原子或分子(尤指半导体中的杂质) 3 Chem.  a molecule or ion etc. to which electrons are donated in the formation of a bond 【化】受体 4 Electr.  a circuit tuned to resonate at a particular frequency 【电】谐振电路

access /ˈækses/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a way of approaching or reaching or entering 通路，出入  a building with rear access  一幢有后门出入的建筑 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  the right or opportunity to reach, use, or visit; admittance 接触(使用或访问)权(或机会)；准入  has access to secret files  可以接触到秘密资料 was granted access to the prisoner  得到许可而接触囚犯b  the condition of being readily approached; accessibility 便于接近的状态；可接触 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an attack or outburst 发作  an access of anger  勃然大怒 4 (作 attrib.) Brit. (of broadcasting) given over to minority or special-interest groups (access television) [英] (广播节目)为少数人或特殊利益集团播放的 ●v. tr. esp. Computing  gain access to (data, a file, etc.) (尤)【计算】可往…存取(数据、文件等) [Middle English from Old French acces or Latin accessus, from accedere (as AC-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb to mean ‘gain access to’ in contexts other than computing (as in The kitchen can be accessed from the dining room) is considered incorrect by some people. 将该词的动词意义“ gain access to (可进入)”用于非计算机用语，例如 The kitchen can be accessed from dining room (从餐厅可进入厨房)，有人认为不规范。 

accessary var.  of ACCESSORY  ACCESSORY 的变体

accessible /əkˈsesib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  that can readily be reached, entered, or used 易接近的；易进入的；易使用的 2 (of a person) readily available (esp. to subordinates) (人)可接近的(尤指对下级) 3 (in a form) easy to understand (形式)易懂的，易理解的 □ accessibility  /əksesiˈbiliti/ n.  □ accessibly  adv.   [French accessible or Late Latin accessibilis (as ACCEDE)]

accession /əkˈseʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  entering upon an office (esp. the throne) or a condition (as manhood) 就任(尤指王位)；达到(成人年龄) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a thing added (e.g. a book to a library); increase, addition 增加物；添加 3 Law  the incorporation of one item of property in another 【法律】财产自然增益的所有权 4  assent; the formal acceptance of a treaty etc. 同意；(对条约等的)正式接受 ●v. tr.  record the addition of (a new item) to a library or museum (图书馆或博物馆) (将新增书)登记造册 [French accession or Latin accessio -onis (as ACCEDE)]

accessorize /əkˈsesəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  provide (an outfit etc.) with accessories 装饰；补充(装备等)

accessory /əkˈses(ə)ri/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 accessary) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an additional or extra thing 附件，附加物 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a small attachment or fitting 附属物；小零件b  a small item of (esp. a woman's) dress (e.g. shoes, gloves, handbag) (尤指妇女的)小服饰(鞋、手套、手提包等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person who helps in or knows the details of an (esp. illegal) act, without taking part in it (尤指非法活动的)从犯；同谋犯 ●adj.  additional; contributing or aiding in a minor way; dispensable 附加的；不一定必要的，可有可无的 □ accessory before (or after) the fact   a person who incites (or assists) another to commit a crime 事前(或事后)从犯□ accessorial  /ækseˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin accessorius (as ACCEDE)]

access road n.  1  a road giving access to a place, site, or buildings (可通往某处、某地或某个建筑的)进路 2  a slip road (通往快车道的)岔道

access time n. Computing  the time taken to retrieve data from storage 【计算】(从存储器中读取数据的)取数时间

acciaccatura /ətʃækəˈtʊərə/ n. Mus.  a grace note performed as quickly as possible before an essential note of a melody 【音】(在一段旋律的主音符之前尽可能快地演奏的)短倚音 [Italian, from acciacare ‘to crush’]

accidence /ˈæksid(ə)ns/ n.  the part of grammar that deals with the variable parts or inflections of words (语法中的)词形变化 [medieval Latin sense of Latin accidentia (translation of Greek parepomena ‘accompanying things’), neut. pl. of accidens (as ACCIDENT)]

accident /ˈæksid(ə)nt/ n.  1  an event that is without apparent cause, or is unexpected 事故；意外事件  their early arrival was just an accident  他们的提前到来实在出人意外 2  an unfortunate event, esp. one causing physical harm or damage, brought about unintentionally 意外灾难，意外伤害 3  occurrence of things by chance; the working of fortune 偶发事件，偶然事件  accident accounts for much in life  生活中很多事情都是偶然发生的 4 colloq.  an occurrence of involuntary urination or defecation [口]一次大小便失禁 5  an irregularity in structure 不规则(结构) □ by accident   unintentionally 无意地，无意中 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin accidens from Latin accidere (as AC-, cadere ‘fall’)]

accidental /æksiˈdent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  happening by chance, unintentionally, or unexpectedly 偶然的；无意中，意外的 2  not essential to a conception; subsidiary 非本质的；次要的 ●n.  1 Mus.  a sign indicating a momentary departure from the key signature by raising or lowering a note 【音】临时符 2  something not essential to a conception 次要方面 3  = VAGRANTn. 3  □ accidentally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin accidentalis (as ACCIDENT)]

accident-prone adj. (of a person) subject to frequent accidents (人)易出事故的

accidie /ˈæksidi/ n.  1  laziness, sloth, apathy 倦怠；漠然；无精打彩的样子 2  black despair 绝望 [Middle English via Anglo-French accidie and Old French accide from medieval Latin accidia, alteration of Late Latin ACEDIA]

accipiter /ækˈsipitə/ n.  a short-winged, long-legged hawk of the genus Accipiter, e.g. a sparrowhawk, a goshawk (短翅、长腿的)鹰属猛禽(如鹞、苍鹰) [Latin, = hawk, bird of prey]

acclaim /əˈkleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  welcome or applaud enthusiastically; praise publicly 喝彩；欢呼 2 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  hail as 拥戴为  acclaimed him king  拥戴他为国王 was acclaimed the winner  被拥戴为胜利者 ●n.  1  applause; welcome; public praise 鼓掌；喝彩；欢迎 2  a shout of acclaim 欢呼(声) [Middle English from Latin acclamare (as AC-, clamare ‘shout’: spelling assimilated to claim)]

acclamation /ækləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  loud and eager assent to a proposal (以欢呼、鼓掌等表示)赞同(某一建议)；欢呼雀跃 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  shouting in a person's honour 欢呼，称颂(某人) 3  the act or process of acclaiming 欢呼的情景 □ by acclamation  Polit 【政】  1 US  by overwhelming vocal approval and without ballot [美] (不经投票)以赞同的呼声占优势的获得通过 2 Canad.  by virtue of being the sole candidate [加]以惟一候选人身份(当选) [Latin acclamatio (as ACCLAIM)]

acclimate /əˈklaimət/ v. tr.  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  acclimatize 使适应新环境；使服水土 2 Biol.  adapt physiologically to environmental stress 【生】使适应环境 [French acclimater (as A-3 + climat CLIMATE)]

acclimation /ækliˈmeiʃ(ə)n, əklai-/ n.  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = acclimatization  2 Biol.  physiological adaptation to environmental stress 【生】使适应环境 [formed irregularly from ACCLIMATE]

acclimatize /əˈklaimətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  accustom to a new climate or to new conditions 使适应(或习惯于)；使服水土 2 intr.  become acclimatized 适应新环境；服水土 □ acclimatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French acclimater: see ACCLIMATE]

acclivity /əˈkliviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  an upward slope 向上的斜坡 □ acclivitous  adj.   [Latin acclivitas from acclivis (as AC-, clivis from clivus ‘slope’)]

accolade /ˈækəleid, ækəˈlɑ:d, -kəʊl-/ n.  1  the awarding of praise; an acknowledgement of merit 赞誉；表彰 2  a touch made with a sword at the bestowing of a knighthood 武士(骑士)爵位的授予(以剑触肩) [French from Provençal acolada (as AC-, Latin collum ‘neck’)]

accommodate /əˈkɒmədeit/ v. tr.  1  provide lodging or room for 为…提供住宿  the flat accommodates three people  那套房间住 3 个人 2  adapt, harmonize, reconcile 使适应；调和，调解  must accommodate ourselves to new surroundings  我们必须适应新环境 cannot accommodate your needs to mine  无法把你的需求和我的调和起来 3  a  do a service or favour to; oblige (a person) 帮助解决；提供便利；施恩惠于(某人)b (foll. by 后跟 with)  supply (a person) with 向(某人)提供… [Latin accommodare (as AC-, commodus ‘fitting’)]

accommodating /əˈkɒmədeitiŋ/ adj.  obliging, compliant 乐于助人的；随和的 □ accommodatingly  adv.  

accommodation /əkɒməˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (in sing. or US in pl. 用单数或 [美]复数)  room for receiving people, esp. a place to live or lodgings 接纳人的房间(尤指居住或住宿) 2  an adjustment or adaptation to suit a special or different purpose 适应，顺应 3  a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise 适合的安排；安置；妥协 4  the automatic adjustment of the focus of the eye by flattening or thickening of the lens 眼自动适应性调节 [French accommodation or Latin accommodatio-onis (as ACCOMMODATE)]

accommodation address n. Brit.  an address used on letters to a person who is unable or unwilling to give a permanent address [英] (为不能够或不愿意提供永久通信地址的人设立的)临时寄信地址

accommodation bill n.  a bill to raise money on credit 通融票据(以信贷融资的票据)

accommodationist /əkɒməˈdeiʃ(ə)nist/ n. US  a person who seeks esp. political compromise [美] (尤指政治上的)斡旋人，调解人

accommodation ladder n.  a ladder up the side of a ship from a small boat (由小船登上大轮船的)舷梯

accommodation road n. Brit.  a road for access to a place not on a public road [英] (通向不在公共道路上的某处所的)专用道路

accompaniment /əˈkʌmp(ə)nim(ə)nt/ n.  1 Mus.  an instrumental or orchestral part supporting or partnering a solo instrument, voice, or group 【音】伴奏 2  an accompanying thing; an appendage 伴随物，附属物 [French accompagnement (as ACCOMPANY)]

accompanist /əˈkʌmpənist/ n.  a person who provides a musical accompaniment 伴奏者；伴唱者

accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  go with; escort, attend 伴随，陪伴；护卫，护理 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with, by)  a  be done or found with; supplement 伴有；随带，补充物  speech accompanied with gestures  伴随着手势的讲话b  have as a result 带有，兼有  pills accompanied by side effects  有副作用的药片 3 Mus.  support or partner with accompaniment 【音】伴奏(或伴唱) [Middle English from French accompagner (as A-3 + Old French compaing COMPANION1): assimilated to COMPANY]

accomplice /əˈkʌmplis, əˈkɒm-/ n.  a partner or helper, esp. in a crime or wrongdoing 同犯，同谋，帮凶 [Middle English and French complice (probably by association with ACCOMPANY), from Late Latin complex complicis ‘confederate’: cf. COMPLICATE]

accomplish /əˈkʌmpliʃ, əˈkɒm-/ v. tr.  perform; complete; succeed in doing 履行完成；实现 [Middle English via Old French acomplir from Latin complēre COMPLETE]

accomplished /əˈkʌmpliʃt, əˈkɒm-/ adj.  clever, skilled; well trained or educated 聪明的；熟练的，技艺精湛的；受过良好训练或教育的

accomplishment /əˈkʌmpliʃm(ə)nt, əˈkɒm-/ n.  1  the fulfilment or completion (of a task etc.) 实施，完成(任务等) 2  an acquired skill, esp. a social one (尤指社交方面的)习得的技能；处世能力 3  a thing done or achieved 成就，成绩

accord /əˈkɔ:d/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (esp. of a thing) be in harmony; be consistent (尤指事物)一致，和谐；相符 2 tr.  a  grant (permission, a request, etc.) 许诺，答应(应允，请求等)b  give (a welcome etc.) 给以(欢迎等) ●n.  1  agreement, consent 同意，赞同 2  harmony or harmonious correspondence in pitch, tone, colour, etc. (音高、声调、颜色等方面的)和谐，一致 □ in accord   of one mind; united; in harmony 思想一致；团结；和睦□ of one's own accord   on one's own initiative; voluntarily 自发地，自愿地□ with one accord   unanimously; in a united way 一致地；团结地 [Middle English via Old French acord, acorder from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

accordance /əˈkɔ:d(ə)ns/ n.  harmony, agreement 一致，和谐；符合 □ in accordance with   in a manner corresponding to 依据，根据  we acted in accordance with your wishes  我们根据你的意愿行事 [Middle English from Old French acordance (as ACCORD)]

accordant /əˈkɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  in tune; agreeing 一致的，和谐的；符合的 [Middle English from Old French acordant (as ACCORD)]

according /əˈkɔ:diŋ/ adv.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  as stated by or in 依据…；按照…  according to my sister  依我妹妹看 according to their statement  根据他们的说法b  in a manner corresponding to; in proportion to 与…一致；符合…；依照…  he lives according to his principles  他按自己的原则生活 2 (foll. by 后跟 as + clause)  in a manner or to a degree that varies as 依…而定；依…而变  he pays according as he is able  他根据自己的能力支付

accordingly /əˈkɔ:diŋli/ adv.  1  as suggested or required by the (stated) circumstances 依照(所述)环境要求；据此  silence is vital so please act accordingly  安静至关重要，因请注意保持 2  consequently, therefore 因而，因此，所以  accordingly, he left the room  因此他离开了房间

accordion /əˈkɔ:diən/ n.  1  a portable musical instrument with metal reeds blown by bellows, played by means of keys and buttons 手风琴 2 (作 attrib.)  folding like the bellows of an accordion (像手风琴箱一样)折叠的  accordion pleat  多道褶裥 accordion wall  屏风 □ accordionist  n.   [German Akkordion from Italian accordare ‘to tune’]

accost /əˈkɒst/ v. tr.  1  approach and address (a person), esp. boldly (尤指主动大胆地跟某人)招呼；搭讪 2 (of a prostitute) solicit (指妓女)勾搭，拉客 [originally in the sense ‘lie or go alongside’: French accoster from Italian accostare, ultimately from Latin costa ‘rib, side’]

accouchement /æˈku:ʃmɒ˜, 法 akuʃmɑ˜/ n.  1  childbirth 分娩，生产 2  the period of childbirth 产期，坐月子 [French from accoucher ‘act as midwife’]

accoucheur /æku:ˈʃɜ:, 法 ækuʃœr/ n.  a male midwife 男助产士，男产科医生 [French (as ACCOUCHEMENT)]

account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narration or description 描述，说明；报告  gave a long account of the ordeal  长篇叙述受苦的经过 2  a  an arrangement or facility at a bank or building society etc. for commercial or financial transactions, esp. for depositing and withdrawing money (银行或建筑行业等)账目，往来账目；账户，户头  opened an account  开一个账户b  the assets credited by such an arrangement 存款；账面上的资产  has a large account  有巨额存款 paid the money into her account  付款到她的户头上c esp. Brit.  an arrangement at a shop for buying goods on credit [尤英] (与商店等订立的)信用购物协议  has an account at the newsagent's  在那家报商有账户 3  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  a record or statement of money, goods, or services received or expended, with the balance 收支表，结算单，分类账  firms must keep detailed accounts  公司必须有明细的账目b (in pl. 用复数) the practice of accounting or reckoning 记账；计算  is good at accounts  善于理财 4  a statement of the administration of money in trust 账务管理说明；财务说明  demand an account  要求说明账务 5 Brit.  the period during which transactions take place on a stock exchange; the period from one account day to the next [英] (股票交易中的)交易期；(从一交割日到另一交割日的)间隔期 6  counting, reckoning 计算，清算 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to be or compl.)  consider, regard as 认为，视为；当作  account it a misfortune  视为不幸 account him wise  认为他很聪明 account him to be guilty  认为他有罪 □ account for   1  serve as or provide an explanation or reason for 说明，解释；作为…的理由  that accounts for their misbehaviour  这是他们行为不良的原因 2  a  give a reckoning of or answer for (money etc. entrusted) 对(款项等)作出说明，作解释b  answer for (one's conduct) (为某人的行为)作出解释 3  succeed in killing, destroying, disposing of, or defeating 成功完成(谋杀、破坏、处置、打败等) 4  supply or make up a specified amount or proportion of 占到…比例；构成  rent accounts for 50% of expenditure  房租占开支的五成□ by all accounts   in everyone's opinion 大家的意见；一致认为□ call to account   require an explanation from (a person) 要求(某人)作出解释□ give a good (or bad) account of oneself   make a favourable (or unfavourable) impression; be successful (or unsuccessful) 表现好(糟)的；成功(失败)的□ keep account of   keep a record of; follow closely 记录行踪；监视□ leave out of account   fail or decline to consider 未考虑；不考虑□ money of account   denominations of money used in reckoning, but not current as coins (不能流通的)记账货币□ of no account   unimportant 不重要□ of some account   important 重要□ on account   1 (of goods) to be paid for later (货物)推迟付款 2 (of money) in part payment (款项)尚未付清□ on one's account   for one's benefit 为了某人的利益  don't do it on my account  不要为我去做这事□ on account of   because of 因为，由于□ on no account   under no circumstances; certainly not 无论如何不；当然不，决不□ on one's own account   for one's own purposes; at one's own risk 为自身利益；在自己承担风险的情况下□ settle (or square) accounts with   1  receive or pay money etc. owed to 与…清算，偿清 2  have revenge on 向…报复，报仇□ take account of (or take into account)   consider along with other factors 考虑，顾及  took their age into account  考虑到他们的年龄□ turn to account (or good account)   turn to one's advantage (充分)利用 [Middle English from Old French acont, aconter (as AC-, conter COUNT1)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb with as (e.g. We accounted him as wise) is considered incorrect in standard English. 该动词形式与 as 连用，如 We accounted him as wise (我们认为他很聪明), 在标准英语里被认为是不规范的。 

accountable /əˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  responsible; required to account for one's conduct 负责的；(对自身行为)应作出解释的  accountable for one's actions  对自身行为负责 2  explicable, understandable 可解释的；可理解的 □ accountability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ accountably  adv.  

accountancy /əˈkaʊnt(ə)nsi/ n.  the profession or duties of an accountant 会计师之职(或责任)；会计学

accountant /əˈkaʊnt(ə)nt/ n.  a professional keeper or inspector of accounts 会计人员；会计师 [legal French from pres. part. of Old French aconter ACCOUNT]

account day n. Brit.  a day of periodic settlement of stock exchange accounts [英] (股票)交割日

account executive n.  a business executive, esp. in advertising, who manages a client's account (尤指广告业管理客户账务的)财务主管

accounting /əˈkaʊntiŋ/ n.  1  the process of or skill in keeping and verifying accounts 会计业务或能力，记账，账务 2  in senses of ACCOUNT v. 用于 ACCOUNT 的动词各释义

account rendered n.  a bill which has been sent but is not yet paid 开出但未付的账目

accounts payable n. pl.  money owed by a company (公司)应付账款

accounts receivable n. pl.  money owed to a company (公司)应付账款

accoutre /əˈku:tə/ v. tr. (US [美] accouter) (usu. as 通常作 accoutred, US [美] -tered adj.)  attire, equip, esp. with a special outfit 提供服装；提供(特殊)装备 [French accoutrer from Old French acoustrer (as A-3, cousture ‘sewing’)]

accoutrement /əˈku:təm(ə)nt, -trə-/ n. (US also [美亦] accouterment /-təm(ə)nt/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  equipment, trappings 装备；服装 2 Mil.  a soldier's outfit other than weapons and garments 【军】(军人的)装备(除武器与服装之外) [French (as ACCOUTRE)]

accredit /əˈkredit/ v. tr. (accredited, accrediting)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  attribute (a saying etc.) to (a person) 认定，将(某一说法等)归于(某人) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  credit (a person) with (a saying etc.) 委派(某人)；委任为… 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to or at)  send (an ambassador etc.) with credentials; recommend by documents as an envoy 委派，派遣(大使等)；(以文书)任命为(特使，使节)；授权  was accredited to the sovereign  被授与君权 4  gain belief or influence for or make credible (an adviser, a statement, etc.) 赢得信任(或影响)；使(咨询者、断言等)可信 □ accreditation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French accréditer (as AC-, crédit CREDIT)]

accredited /əˈkreditid/ adj.  1 (of a person or organization) officially recognized (人或组织)正式认可的；授权的 2 (of a belief) generally accepted; orthodox (指信仰)广泛接受的；正统的 3 (of cattle, milk, etc.) having guaranteed quality (牛、牛奶等)保证质量的

accrete /əˈkri:t/ v.  1 intr.  grow together or into one 共生；和生 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  form round or on, as round a nucleus 附着，围绕 3 tr.  attract (such additions) 吸引(附着物，共生物) [Latin accrescere (as AC-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

accretion /əˈkri:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the addition of external matter or things 自然增加，增添b  growth by this means 增加(或增添)的结果c  a thing formed by such growth 增长物，长大物 2  an extraneous addition to something 添加物，外来物 3  the growing together or cohesion of separate things to form one (分离的物体)长成一体；合成(粘成)一体 4  growth by organic enlargement 因机体组织增大而长大，自然增长 5 Law 【法律】  a  = ACCESSIONn. 3 b  the increase of a legacy etc. by the share of a failing co-legatee (因共同接受遗产者人数的减少而)遗产等增值 □ accretive  adj.   [Latin accretio (as ACCRETE)]

accrue /əˈkru:/ v. (accrues, accrued, accruing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  come as a natural increase or advantage, esp. financial (尤指财政)自然增加或获得利益 2 tr.  accumulate; collect. 积累；收集 □ accrual  n.  □ accrued  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French acru(e), past part. of acreistre ‘increase’, from Latin accrescere ACCRETE]

acculturate /əˈkʌltʃəreit/ v.  1 intr.  adapt to or adopt a different culture 适应或采纳不同文化 2 tr.  cause to do this 使适应或采纳不同文化 □ acculturation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ acculturative  /-rətiv/ adj.  

accumulate /əˈkju:mjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  a  acquire an increasing number or quantity of; heap up 积累；堆积，聚积b  produce or acquire (a resulting whole) in this way 以积累、聚积方式生产(或获得) 2 intr.  grow numerous or considerable; form an increasing mass or quantity 以可观数量增长，积少成多 [Latin accumulare (as AC-, cumulus ‘heap’)]

accumulation /əkju:mjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of accumulating or being accumulated 积累，积存，聚积 2  an accumulated mass 积累物，聚积物 3  the growth of capital by continued interest (因利息不断增长而)资本增值 [Latin accumulatio (as ACCUMULATE)]

accumulative /əˈkju:mjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  arising from accumulation; cumulative 累进的，聚积的；积少成多的  accumulative evidence  累积证据 2  arranged so as to accumulate 力图积聚的 3  acquisitive; given to hoarding 贪心的；耽于囤积的 □ accumulatively  adv.  

accumulator /əˈkju:mjʊleitə/ n.  1 Brit.  a rechargeable electric cell [英]蓄电池，充电电池 2 Brit.  a bet placed on a sequence of events, the winnings and stake from each being placed on the next [英] (每次赢钱记入下一赌注的)累进赌注 3  a register in a computer used to contain the results of an operation (计算机的)累加器，存贮器 4  a person who accumulates things 积攒者，囤积者

accuracy /ˈækjʊrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  exactness or precision, esp. arising from careful effort 准确，精确，精准 2  the degree of refinement in measurement or specification 准确性，精密度

accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adj.  1  careful, precise; lacking errors 仔细的，精确的，准确的 2  conforming exactly with the truth or with a given standard 完全符合(事实或标准)的 □ accurately  adv.   [Latin accuratus ‘done carefully’, past part. of accurare (as AC-, cura ‘care’)]

accursed /əˈkɜ:sid, əˈkɜ:st/ adj. (archaic [古义] accurst /əˈkɜ:st/)  1  lying under a curse; ill-fated 被诅咒的；厄运当头的 2 colloq.  detestable, annoying [口]可恶的，讨厌的 [past part. of accurse, from A-2 + CURSE]

accusal /əˈkju:z(ə)l/ n.  accusation 

accusation /ækjʊˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of accusing or being accused 控告，指控；被控告 2  a statement charging a person with an offence or crime 控诉，诉状；罪名 [Middle English via Old French from Latin accusatio -onis (as ACCUSE)]

accusative /əˈkju:zətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, expressing the object of an action or the goal of motion 宾格，直接受格 ●adj.  of or in this case 宾格的，受格的 [Middle English, from Old French accusatif -ive or Latin (casus) accusativus, translation of Greek (ptōsis) aitiatikē ‘(the case) showing cause’]

accusatorial /əkju:zəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Law (of proceedings) involving accusation by a prosecutor and a verdict reached by an impartial judge or jury (opp. 反义 INQUISITORIAL 3) 【法律】(诉讼程序)从起诉人提起诉讼到一位法官或陪审团作出判决 [Latin accusatorius (as ACCUSE)]

accusatory /əˈkju:zət(ə)ri/ adj. (of language, manner, etc.) of or implying accusation (指语言、态度等)非难的；问罪的；控诉的

accuse /əˈkju:z/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  charge (a person etc.) with a fault or crime; indict 指责，指控，控告，起诉  accused them of murder  控告他们谋杀 was accused of stealing a car  被指控盗窃汽车 2  lay the blame on 对…控告；指责… □ the accused   the person or persons charged with a crime 被指控犯罪者；被告□ accuser  n.  □ accusingly  adv.   [Middle English acuse via Old French ac(c)user from Latin accusare (as AC-, CAUSE)]

accustom /əˈkʌstəm/ v. tr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 to)  make (a person or thing or oneself) used to 使适应；使习惯  the army accustomed him to discipline  军队使他适应了纪律 was accustomed to their strange ways  适应了他们那奇特的方式 [Middle English from Old French acostumer (as AC-, costume CUSTOM)]

accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  used to 习惯了的；适应了的  accustomed to hard work  习惯了艰苦的工作 2  customary, usual 习惯的，平常的，习以为常的

AC/DC abbr. [缩略]  1  alternating current/ direct current  2 slang [俚语]  bisexual 

ace /eis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a playing card, domino, etc., with a single spot and generally having the value ‘one’ or in card games the highest value in each suit (纸牌)A ，“爱斯”，(骨牌)幺点b  a single spot on a playing card etc. (纸牌等上的)1 点 2  a  a person who excels in some activity (某一行的)第一流好手b  a pilot who has shot down many enemy aircraft (击落多架敌机的)王牌飞行员 3 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  a service that is too good for the opponent to return 发球直接得分，爱斯球b  a point scored in this way 爱斯球所得的一分 4 Golf  a hole in one 【高尔夫球】一杆入洞 ●adj. slang  excellent [俚语]极好的，一流的 □ ace up one's sleeve (or N. Amer. [北美] in the hole)   something effective kept in reserve 暗藏绝招；锦囊妙计□ play one's ace   use one's best resource 打出王牌，使出绝招□ within an ace of   on the verge of 接近，濒临，濒于 [Middle English via Old French from Latin as ‘unity’, AS2]

-acea /ˈeiʃə/ suffix  forming the plural names of orders and classes of animals (Crustacea 甲壳类) (cf. 参见 -ACEAN) 构成动物类别的复数 [neut. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -aceus ‘of the nature of’]

-aceae /ˈeisii:/ suffix  forming the plural names of families of plants (Rosaceae 蔷薇科) (用于构成植物类别的复数) [fem. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -aceus ‘of the nature of’]

-acean /ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming adjectives = -ACEOUS 构成形容词 2  forming nouns as the sing. of names in -acea (crustacean 甲壳类) (构成以 -acea 结尾的名词的单数形式) [Latin -aceus: see -ACEA]

acedia /əˈsi:diə/ n.  = ACCIDIE  [Late Latin acedia from Greek akēdia ‘listlessness’]

acellular /eiˈseljʊlə/ adj. Biol. 【生】  1  having no cells; not consisting of cells 无细胞的；非细胞组成的 2 (esp. of protozoa) consisting of one cell only; unicellular (尤指原生动物)只有一个细胞的，单细胞的

-aceous /ˈeiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives, esp. from nouns in -acea, -aceae (herbaceous 草本的 ; rosaceous 蔷薇科的) 构成以 -acea 或 -aceae 结尾的名词的形容词形式 [Latin -aceus: see -ACEA]

acephalous /eiˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj.  1  headless 无头的 2  having no chief 无首领的 3 Zool.  having no part of the body specially organized as a head 【动】没有明显头部的 4 Prosody  lacking a syllable or syllables in the first foot 【诗体】第一音步缺少音节的 [medieval Latin acephalus from Greek akephalos ‘headless’ (as A-1, kephalē ‘head’)]

acer /ˈeisə/ n.  a tree or shrub of the genus Acer, which includes maples and the European sycamore 槭树 [Latin, = maple]

acerbic /əˈsɜ:bik/ adj.  1  astringently sour; harsh-tasting 酸的；苦涩的 2  bitter in speech, manner, or temper (说话、行为举止、性情等)尖酸的；刻薄的 □ acerbically  adv.  □ acerbity  n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin acerbus ‘sour-tasting’]

acetabulum /æsiˈtæbjʊləm/ n. (pl. acetabula /-lə/)  1 Anat.  the socket of the hip bone, into which the head of the femur fits 【解】髋臼，关节窝 2  a cup-shaped sucker in tapeworms, cuttlefish, and other animals (绦虫、墨鱼等动物的)吸盘 [Middle English from Latin, = vinegar cup, from acetum ‘vinegar’ + -abulum, diminutive of -abrum ‘holder’]

acetal /ˈæsitæl/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic compounds formed by the condensation of two alcohol molecules with an aldehyde molecule 【化】乙缩醛 [as ACETIC + -AL]

acetaldehyde /æsitˈældihaid/ n.  a colourless volatile liquid aldehyde Also called 亦称作 ethanal Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3CHO 乙醛 [ACETIC + ALDEHYDE]

acetaminophen /əsetəˈminəfen, ˌæsit-/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = PARACETAMOL  [para-acetylaminophenol (cf. PARACETAMOL)]

acetate /ˈæsiteit/ n.  1  a salt or ester of acetic acid, esp. the cellulose ester used to make textiles, gramophone records, etc. also called 亦称作 ethanoate 醋酸盐 2  a fabric made from cellulose acetate 用醋酸盐纤维素制成的织物 [ACETIC + -ATE1]

acetate fibre n. (also 亦作 acetate silk)  fibre (or silk) made artificially from cellulose acetate 醋酸盐(人造)纤维(或丝)

acetic /əˈsi:tik, əˈset-/ adj.  of or like vinegar or acetic acid (像)醋的，(像)酸的 [French acétique from Latin acetum ‘vinegar’]

acetic acid n.  the clear liquid acid that gives vinegar its characteristic taste Also called 亦称作 ethanoic acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3COOH 醋酸，醇酸

aceto- /əˈsi:təʊ, ˈæsitəʊ/ comb. form Chem.  acetic, acetyl [构词成分]【化】酸的；乙酰基

acetone /ˈæsitəʊn/ n.  a colourless volatile liquid ketone valuable as a solvent of organic compounds esp. paints, varnishes, etc. Also called 亦称作 propanone Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3COCH3 丙酮 [ACETO- + -ONE]

acetous /əˈsi:təs/ adj.  1  having the qualities of vinegar 像醋的，酸的 2  producing vinegar 可产生醋的 3  sour 酸味的 [Late Latin acetosus ‘sour’ (as ACETIC)]

acetyl /ˈæsitail, -til/ n. Chem.  the monovalent radical of acetic acid, CH3CO 【化】乙酰乙酸基 [ACETIC + -YL]

acetylcholine /æsitilˈkəʊli:n, æsitail-/ n.  a compound serving to transmit impulses from nerve fibres 醋胆素 [ACETYL + CHOLINE]

acetylene /əˈsetili:n/ n.  a colourless hydrocarbon gas, burning with a bright flame, used esp. in welding and formerly in lighting Also called 亦称作 ethyne Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H2 乙炔，电石气 [ACETIC + -YL + -ENE]

acetylide /əˈsetilaid/ n.  any of a class of salts formed from acetylene and a metal 乙炔化合物

acetylsalicylic acid /ˌæsitailˌsæliˈsilik/ n.  = ASPIRIN  [ACETYL + SALICYLIC ACID]

acetyl silk n.  = ACETATE FIBRE 

Achaean /əˈki:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Achaea in ancient Greece (古希腊)阿凯亚的；阿凯亚人的 2 literary (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek [文学用语] (尤见于荷马作品中)希腊的，希腊人的 ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Achaea 阿凯亚人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary  a Greek [文学用语]希腊人 [Latin Achaeus from Greek Akhaios]

Achaemenid /əˈki:mənid/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Achaemenian /ækiˈmi:niən/) ●adj.  of or relating to the dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III 阿基梅尼王朝的(自塞勒斯一世至达赖厄斯三世统治期间的波斯王朝， 553 BC － 330 BC) ●n.  a member of this dynasty 该王朝的成员 [Latin Achaemenius from Greek Akhaimenēs, the name of the ancestor of the dynasty]

acharnement /əˈʃɑ:nmɒ˜, 法 aʃarnəmɑ˜/ n.  1  bloodthirsty fury; ferocity 嗜血狂；凶暴残忍 2  gusto 爱好，嗜好 [French]

ache /eik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a continuous or prolonged dull pain (连续的或长久的钝痛)疼痛 2  mental distress 精神不振 ●v. intr.  1  suffer from or be the source of an ache 感到疼痛；忍痛  I ached all over  我浑身疼 my left leg ached  我左腿疼 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  desire greatly 盼望，渴望  we ached to be at home again  我们渴望回家 □ achingly  adv.   [Old English œce (n.), acan (v.)]

achene /əˈki:n/ n. Bot.  a small dry one-seeded fruit that does not open to liberate the seed (e.g. a strawberry pip) 【植】瘦果 [modern Latin achaenium (as A-1, Greek khainō ‘gape’)]

Acheulian /əˈʃu:liən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Acheulean) ●adj.  of the palaeolithic period in Europe etc. following the Abbevillian and preceding the Mousterian 阿舍利文化的(指欧洲旧石器时代继阿布维利文化之后、莫斯特文化之前的一种文化) ●n.  the culture of this period 阿舍利文化 [French acheuléen from St-Acheul in N. France, where remains dating from this period were found]

achieve /əˈtʃi:v/ v. tr.  1  a  reach or attain by effort 实现；达到  achieved victory  获得胜利b  acquire, gain, earn 获得，得到，赢得  achieved notoriety  落得声名狼藉 2  accomplish or carry out (a feat or task) 完成，执行(业绩或任务) 3 absol.  be successful; attain a desired level of performance [含宾]成功；取得理想成绩 □ achievable  adj.  □ achiever  n.   [Middle English from Old French achever ‘come or bring to a head’ from a chief ‘to a head’]

achievement /əˈtʃi:vm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something achieved 成绩，成就；功绩，业绩 2  a  the act or process of achieving 完成；达到；实现(行为或过程)b  an instance of this 完成，达到(实例) 3 Psychol.  performance in a standardized test 【心】(在标准化考试中的)表现 4 Heraldry  a representation of a coat of arms with all the adjuncts to which a bearer of arms is entitled 【纹章学】某纹章的外层图案，带有该纹章的所有名号

achillea /ækiˈli:ə, æˈkiliə/ n.  any plant of the genus Achillea (daisy family), usu. aromatic with heads of small white or yellow flowers, e.g. common yarrow or milfoil 雏菊属植物，耆草属植物；西洋耆草 [Latin, from Greek Akhilleios, a plant supposed to have been used medicinally by Achilles]

Achilles heel /əˈkili:z/ n.  a person's weak or vulnerable point 阿喀琉斯的脚踵；人的薄弱之处，易受攻击之处；致命弱点 [Latin Achilles from Greek Akhilleus, a hero in the Iliad, invulnerable except in the heel]

Achilles tendon /əˈkili:z/ n.  the tendon connecting the heel with the calf muscles 脚后跟到小腿的肌腱

achiral /eiˈkaiər(ə)l/ adj. Chem. (of a crystal or molecule) not chiral 【化】(指晶体或分子)非手性的

achondroplasia /əkɒndrəˈpleizjə, eiˌkɒn-/ n. Med.  a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and often a small face 【医】软骨发育不全 □ achondroplasic  adj.  □ achondroplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek khondros ‘cartilage’ + plasis ‘moulding’ + -IA1]

achromat /ˈækrə(ʊ)mæt/ n.  a lens made achromatic by correction 消色差透镜

achromatic /ækrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj. Optics 【光学】  1  that transmits light without separating it into constituent colours 消色差的；非彩色的  achromatic lens  消色差透镜 2  without colour 无色的  achromatic fringe  无色条纹 □ achromatically  adv.  □ achromaticity  /əkrəʊməˈtisiti/ n.  □ achromatism  /əˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.   [French achromatique from Greek akhromatos (as A-1, CHROMATIC)]

achy /ˈeiki/ adj.  full of or suffering from aches 疼痛的；疼痛不止的

acid /ˈæsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Chem. 【化】  a  any of a class of substances that liberate hydrogen ions in water, are usu. sour and corrosive, turn litmus red, and have a pH of less than 7 酸，酸类b  any compound or atom donating protons 可释放质子的化合物或原子 2 (in general use) any sour substance (通常指)酸性物质 3 slang  the drug LSD [俚语]迷幻药(毒品) ●adj.  1  sharp-tasting; sour 酸的，酸味的 2  biting, sharp 刻薄的，尖刻的  an acid wit  尖刻的讥讽 3 Chem.  having the essential properties of an acid 【化】呈酸性特征的 4 Geol.  containing much silica 【地质】含大量硅的 5 (of a colour) intense, bright (颜色)强烈的；明亮的 □ put the acid on  Austral. slang  seek to extract a loan or favour etc. from [澳] [俚语]缠着借钱或讨要好处□ acidic  /əˈsidik/ adj.  □ acidimetry  /æsiˈdimitri/ n.  □ acidly  adv.  □ acidness  n.   [French acide or Latin acidus, from acēre ‘be sour’]

acid drop n. Brit.  a kind of sweet with a sharp taste [英]酸甜糖果

acid head n. slang  a user of the drug LSD [俚语]服用 LSD(毒品)的人

acid house n.  a kind of synthesized music with a simple repetitive beat, often associated with the taking of hallucinogenic drugs (常伴随服用致幻毒品的具有简单重复节奏的)合成音乐 often 常作 attrib.: acid house parties  吸毒音乐聚会

acidify /əˈsidifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become acid 使变酸；变酸 □ acidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

acidity /əˈsiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an acid quality or state, esp. an excessively acid condition of the stomach 酸味，酸性

acidophilic /æsidəˈfilik, əsid-/ adj.  1 Biol. (of a cell etc.) readily stained with acid dyes 【生】(细胞等)易被酸性染料上色的 2 esp. Bot.  growing best in acidic conditions (尤)【植】适宜在酸性条件下生长的 [ACID + -PHILIC (see -PHILIA)]

acidophilus /æsiˈdɒfiləs/ n.  a bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, used to make yogurt and to supplement the intestinal flora (用于制造酸奶和补充肠内菌丛的)乳酸菌，嗜酸菌 [modern Latin, = acid-loving]

acidosis /æsiˈdəʊsis/ n.  an over-acid condition of the body fluids or tissues 酸液过多症，酸毒症 □ acidotic  /-ˈdɒtik/ adj.  

acid radical n.  a radical formed by the removal of hydrogen ions from an acid (酸性物质除掉氢离子后的)酸根，酸基

acid rain n.  rain containing acid formed in the atmosphere esp. from industrial waste gases (尤指工业废气造成的)酸雨

acid test n.  1  a severe or conclusive test 决定性的测试；严峻的考验 2  a test in which acid is used to test for gold etc. 耐酸试验(用酸测试金含量等)

acidulate /əˈsidjʊleit/ v. tr.  make somewhat acid 酸化 □ acidulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin acidulus, diminutive of acidus ‘sour’]

acidulous /əˈsidjʊləs/ adj.  somewhat acid 多少带酸的，微酸的

acinus /ˈæsinəs/ n. (pl. acini /-nai/) Anat.  a small saclike cavity, esp. one in a gland surrounded by secretory cells 【解】葡萄状腺 [Latin, = berry, kernel]

-acious /ˈeiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘inclined to, full of’ (vivacious 活泼的 ; pugnacious 好斗的 ; voracious 贪婪的 ; capacious 容量大的) 构成形容词，意为“倾向于…的”；“充满…的” [Latin -ax -acis, added chiefly to verbal stems to form adjectives + -OUS]

-acity /ˈæsiti/ suffix  forming nouns of quality or state corresponding to adjectives in -acious 构成以 -acious 结尾形容词的名词形式，表示质量或状态 [French -acité or Latin -acitas -tatis]

ack-ack /ækˈæk/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  anti-aircraft 防空的；防空火炮的 ●n.  an anti-aircraft gun etc. 防空武器；高射炮 [formerly signallers' name for the letters AA]

ackee /ˈæki/ n. (also 亦作 akee)  1  a tropical tree, Blighia sapida 阿奇果树(一种热带植物) 2  its fruit, edible when cooked 阿奇果(煮熟可食用) [Kru ɑˉkee]

ack emma /æk ˈemə/ adv. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = A.M.  [formerly signallers' name for the letters AM]

acknowledge /əkˈnɒlidʒ/ v. tr.  1  a  recognize; accept; admit the truth of 承认；接受；认可  acknowledged the failure of the plan  承认计划的失败b (often foll. by 常后跟 to be + compl.)  recognize as 认为…；视为…  acknowledged it to be a great success  视之为巨大的成功c (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  admit that something is so 承认(某事)…  acknowledged that he was wrong  承认他错了 acknowledged him to be wrong  承认他错了 2  confirm the receipt of 确认收到，确认得到  acknowledged her letter  确认收到她的信 3  a  show that one has noticed 表示已注意到  acknowledged my arrival with a grunt  用咕哝声表示知道我来了b  express appreciation of (a service etc.) (对服务等)表示赞赏 4  own; recognize the validity of 认可；承认…的有效性  the acknowledged king  公认的国王 □ acknowledgeable  adj.   [obsolete verb knowledge, influenced by obsolete acknow (as A-4, KNOW), or from obsolete noun acknowledge: see KNOWLEDGE]

acknowledgement /əkˈnɒlidʒm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 acknowledgment)  1  the act or an instance of acknowledging 承认，认可 2  a  a thing given or done in return for a service etc. (对服务等的)答礼；回报b  a letter confirming receipt of something 确认收到(某物)的回信 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an author's statement of indebtedness to others 作者对惠助人的致谢词

aclinic line /əˈklinik/ n.  = MAGNETIC EQUATOR  [Greek aklinēs (as A-1, klinō ‘bend’)]

acme /ˈækmi/ n.  the highest point or period (of achievement, success, etc.); the peak of perfection (成就、成功等的)顶点，极点；极端；极致  displayed the acme of good taste  表现出极佳的品味 [Greek, = highest point]

acne /ˈækni/ n.  a skin condition, usu. of the face, characterized by red pimples 痤疮；粉刺 □ acned  adj.   [modern Latin, from erroneous Greek aknas for akmas, accusative pl. of akmē ‘facial eruption’: cf. ACME]

acolyte /ˈækəlait/ n.  1  a person assisting a priest in a service or procession 侍僧；助手 2  an assistant; a beginner 助手；学徒，初学者 [Middle English via Old French acolyt or ecclesiastical Latin acolytus, from Greek akolouthos ‘follower’]

aconite /ˈækənait/ n.  1  a  any poisonous plant of the genus Aconitum (buttercup family), esp. monkshood or wolfsbane 毛茛属植物；乌头b  = ACONITINE  2 (in full 全称 winter aconite)  any related plant of the genus Eranthis, with yellow flowers 毛茛属菟葵属植物；冬乌头 [French aconit or Latin aconitum, from Greek akoniton]

aconitine /əˈkɒniti:n/ n. Chem.  a poisonous alkaloid obtained from the aconite 【化】乌头碱

acorn /ˈeikɔ:n/ n.  the fruit of the oak, a smooth nut in a rough cuplike base 橡树果，橡实，橡子 [Old English æcern, related to æcer ACRE, later associated with OAK and CORN1]

acorn barnacle n.  any stalkless barnacle of the family Balanidae, forming a sharp-edged encrustation on rocks by the sea 藤壶科植物；藤壶

acorn worm n.  any wormlike burrowing marine animal of the phylum Hemichordata, having a proboscis and gill slits, and inhabiting seashores 柱头虫(有长吻和颌，栖居海边)

acotyledon /əkɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n.  a plant with no distinct seed-leaves 无子叶植物 □ acotyledonous  adj.   [modern Latin acotyledones pl. (as A-1, COTYLEDON)]

acoustic /əˈku:stik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  relating to sound or the sense of hearing 听觉的，声音的 2 (of a musical instrument, gramophone, or recording) not having electrical amplification (乐器、留声机等)未经电子扩音的  acoustic guitar  非电声吉他 3 (of building materials) used for soundproofing or modifying sound (建材)隔音的；改善音质的 4 Mil. (of a mine) that can be exploded by sound waves transmitted under water 【军】(水雷)可由水下声波引爆的 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the properties or qualities (esp. of a room or hall etc.) in transmitting sound (尤指房间、大厅等的)传声，音响效果  good acoustics  好的音响效果 a poor acoustic  差的音响效果 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of sound 声学  acoustics is not widely taught  声学没有被广泛地教授 □ acoustical  adj.  □ acoustically  adv.   [Greek akoustikos from akouō ‘hear’]

acoustic coupler n. Computing  a modem which converts digital signals into audible signals and vice versa, so that the former can be transmitted and received over telephone lines 【计算】(将数字信号和声音信号相互转换以使数字信号可通过电话线传输的)声音耦合器

acoustician /æku:ˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.  an expert in acoustics 声学家

acquaint /əˈkweint/ v. tr. & refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make (a person or oneself) aware of or familiar with 使(某人或自己)了解，使知晓；使熟悉  acquaint me with the facts  让我了解实情 □ be acquainted with   have personal knowledge of (a person or thing) 结识，了解(人或事) [Middle English via Old French acointier from Late Latin accognitare (as AC-, cognoscere cognit- ‘come to know’)]

acquaintance /əˈkweint(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  slight knowledge (of a person or thing) 初步相识，初交，初步了解(人或事) 2  the fact or process of being acquainted 认识的过程；相识，了解  our acquaintance lasted a year  我们的相识持续了一年 3  a person one knows slightly 熟人，初交，相识 □ make one's acquaintance   first meet or introduce oneself to another person (初次)接识某人□ make the acquaintance of (or make a person's acquaintance)   meet (a person) for the first time; come to know 初次相识；开始认识□ acquaintanceship  n.   [Middle English from Old French acointance (as ACQUAINT)]

acquaintance rape n.  the rape of a girl or woman by a person known to her (被奸者认识强奸者的)熟人强奸

acquiesce /ækwiˈes/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  agree, esp. tacitly; accept (an arrangement) 默许，默认；接受(某种安排) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  raise no objection 不反对，未置异议 □ acquiescence  n.  □ acquiescent  adj.   [Latin acquiescere (as AC-, quiescere ‘rest’)]

acquire /əˈkwaiə/ v. tr.  1  gain by and for oneself; obtain 学得，学会；习得 2  come into possession of 得到；获得  acquired fame  出名 acquired much property  得到大笔财产 □ acquirable  adj.  □ acquirer  n.   [Middle English from Old French aquerre, ultimately from Latin acquirere (as AC-, quaerere ‘seek’)]

acquired characteristic n. Biol.  a characteristic caused by the environment, not inherited 【生】后天习性；获得性

acquired immune deficiency syndrome  see 见 AIDS 

acquired taste n.  1  a liking gained by experience 后天养成的嗜好 2  the object of such a liking 后天嗜好的对象

acquirement /əˈkwaiəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something acquired, esp. a mental attainment 学到的东西；造诣 2  the act or an instance of acquiring 学得，习得；取得

acquisition /ækwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  something acquired, esp. if regarded as useful (尤指被视为有用的)获得物 2  the act or an instance of acquiring 获得，习得，学到 [Latin acquisitio (as ACQUIRE)]

acquisitive /əˈkwizitiv/ adj.  keen to acquire things; avaricious; materialistic 渴望获得的；贪心的，贪婪的 □ acquisitively  adv.  □ acquisitiveness  n.   [French acquisitive or Late Latin acquisitivus (as ACQUIRE)]

acquit /əˈkwit/ v. (acquitted, acquitting)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  declare (a person) not guilty 宣判(某人)无罪  were acquitted of the offence  被判没有犯那罪行 2 refl.  a  conduct oneself or perform in a specified way 使(自己)作出某种表现；使(自己)履行  we acquitted ourselves well  我们干得不错b (foll. by 后跟 of)  discharge (a duty or responsibility) 卸下，卸掉(职责或责任) [Middle English via Old French aquiter from medieval Latin acquitare ‘pay a debt’ (as AC-, QUIT)]

acquittal /əˈkwit(ə)l/ n.  1  the process of freeing or being freed from a charge, esp. by a judgement of not guilty 宣判无罪；无罪开释 2  performance of a duty 履行职责

acquittance /əˈkwit(ə)ns/ n.  1  payment of or release from a debt 偿清，偿还；解除(债务) 2  a written receipt attesting settlement of a debt 清还证明书 [Middle English from Old French aquitance (as ACQUIT)]

acre /ˈeikə/ n.  1  a measure of land, 4,840 sq. yards, 0.405 hectare 英亩(合 0.405 公顷) 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a large area or amount 一大块地；大量 □ acred  adj. (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)   [Old English œcer, from Germanic]

acreage /ˈeik(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  a number of acres 英亩数，以英亩数计算的面积 2  an extent of land 一片土地

acrid /ˈækrid/ adj.  1  bitterly pungent; irritating; corrosive 辛辣的；触怒人的；腐蚀性的 2  bitter in temper or manner (脾气或态度)严厉的；尖刻的 □ acridity  /əˈkriditi/ n.  □ acridly  adv.   [formed irregularly from Latin acer acris ‘keen’ + -ID1, probably influenced by acid]

acridine /ˈækridi:n/ n.  a solid colourless organic compound used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs 吖啶，氮蒽(医药原料) [ACRID + -INE4]

acriflavine /ækriˈfleivin, -i:n/ n.  a reddish powder used as an antiseptic 吖黄素，吖啶黄(用于杀菌剂) [formed irregularly from ACRIDINE + FLAVINE]

acrimonious /ækriˈməʊniəs/ adj.  bitter in manner or temper (态度或脾气)严厉的，尖刻的 □ acrimoniously  adv.   [French acrimonieux, -euse via medieval Latin acrimoniosus from Latin acrimonia ACRIMONY]

acrimony /ˈækriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  bitterness of temper or manner; ill feeling (脾气或态度)严厉，激烈，尖刻 [French acrimonie or Latin acrimonia ‘pungency’ (as ACRID)]

acrobat /ˈækrəbæt/ n.  1  a performer of spectacular gymnastic feats 杂技演员 2  a person noted for constant change of mind, allegiance, etc. 善变的人；翻云覆雨者 □ acrobatic  /ækrəˈbætik/ adj.  □ acrobatically  /ækrəˈbætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French acrobate from Greek akrobatēs, from akron ‘summit’ + bainō ‘walk’]

acrobatics /ækrəˈbætiks/ n. pl.  1  acrobatic feats 杂技 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the art of performing these 杂技艺术 3  a skill requiring ingenuity 技巧，巧妙手法  mental acrobatics  构思上的巧妙

acromegaly /ækrə(ʊ)ˈmeɡəli/ n. Med.  abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland 【医】前端肥大症，肢端肥大症 □ acromegalic  /-miˈɡælik/ adj.   [French acromégalie, from Greek akron ‘extremity’ + megas megal- ‘great’]

acronym /ˈækrənim/ n.  a word, usu. pronounced as such, formed from the initial letters of other words (e.g. 如 Ernie 摇奖机 , laser 激光 , Nato 北约) 缩写字，首字母缩略语 [Greek akron ‘end’ + onuma = onoma ‘name’]

acropetal /əˈkrɒpit(ə)l/ adj. Bot.  developing from below upwards 【植】向顶的 □ acropetally  adv.   [Greek akron ‘tip’ + Latin petere ‘seek’]

acrophobia /ækrəˈfəʊbiə/ n. Psychol.  an abnormal dread of heights 【心】恐高症 □ acrophobic  adj.   [Greek akron ‘peak’ + -PHOBIA]

acropolis /əˈkrɒpəlis/ n.  1  a citadel or upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city (古希腊城的)卫城 2 (作 Acropolis)  the ancient citadel at Athens 雅典卫城 [Greek akropolis from akron ‘summit’ + polis ‘city’]

across /əˈkrɒs/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  to or on the other side of 向对面，去对面，穿越；对面，对过  walked across the road  步行穿过马路 lives across the river  住在河对岸 2  from one side to another side of 横过；跨过，穿过  the cover stretched across the opening  覆盖物盖过开口 a bridge across the river  横跨在河上的桥 3  at or forming an angle (esp. a right angle) with 与…交叉(尤成直角)  deep cuts across his legs  横划过他双腿的深口子 ●adv.  1  to or on the other side 走过，穿过  ran across  跑过 shall soon be across  很快就过来 2  from one side to another 从一侧到另一侧  a blanket stretched across  整个盖上的毯子 3  forming a cross 成十字，交叉  with cuts across  带十字切口 4 (of a crossword clue or answer) read horizontally (填字游戏的提示或答案)横读  cannot do nine across  横拼的 9 号填不出 □ across the board   general; generally; applying to all 总体上；普遍地；适用于所有的 [Middle English from Old French a croix, en croix ‘in, on a cross’, later regarded as from A2 + CROSS]

acrostic /əˈkrɒstik/ n.  1  a poem or other composition in which certain letters in each line form a word or words (诗或文的每一行的某字母能联成词或词语的)离合体诗，藏头诗 2  a word-puzzle constructed in this way 离合体诗形式的字谜 [French acrostiche or Greek akrostikhis, from akron ‘end’ + stikhos ‘row, line of verse’, assimilated to -IC]

acrylic /əˈkrilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  made with a synthetic polymer derived from acrylic acid 丙烯酸制品的 2 Chem.  of or derived from acrylic acid 【化】丙烯酸的 ●n.  1  an acrylic textile fibre 丙烯酸纤维 2 (also in pl. 亦用复数)  acrylic paint 丙烯酸涂料 [acrolein (from Latin acer acris ‘pungent’ + olēre ‘to smell’) + -YL + -IC]

acrylic acid n.  a pungent liquid organic acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H4O2 丙烯酸

acrylic resin n.  any of various transparent colourless polymers of acrylic acid 丙烯酸树脂

ACT abbr.  Australian Capital Territory [缩略]澳大利亚首都地区

act /ækt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something done; a deed; an action 行为，行动，举动 2  the process of doing something 行动过程，进行中；当场  caught in the act  当场被抓 3  a  a piece of entertainment, usu. one of a series in a programme (系列演出的)一个节目；短节目，一出b  the performer(s) of this 这种节目的演员 4  a pretence; behaviour intended to deceive or impress 假装；装腔作势  it was all an act  这不过是在演戏 5  a main division of a play or opera (戏或剧的)一幕 6  a (also 亦作 Act)  a written ordinance of a parliament or other legislative body (议会或其他立法机构的)法案b  a document attesting a legal transaction 法令 7 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the recorded decisions or proceedings of a committee, an academic body, etc. (委员会、学术机构等的)决议(或公报) 8 (作 Acts) (in full 全称 Acts of the Apostles)  the New Testament book relating the growth of the early Church (《新约全书》中的)《使徒行传》 ●v.  1 intr.  behave 行为，举止，表现  see how they act under stress  看看他们在压力下是如何表现的 2 intr.  perform actions or functions; operate effectively; take action 实行，运行；有效运转；采取行动  act as referee  作裁判 the brakes failed to act  刹车失灵了 we must act quickly  我们必须立即采取行动 3 intr. (also foll. by 亦后跟 on)  exert energy or influence 作用于；影响  the medicine soon began to act  药很快就发挥了作用 alcohol acts on the brain  酒精对大脑起作用 4 intr.  a  perform a part in a play, film, etc. (在影、剧中等)扮演角色b  pretend 假装，装 5 tr.  a  perform the part of 演…，扮演…  acted Othello  扮演奥赛罗 acts the fool  装傻b  perform (a play etc.) 演戏，表演c  portray (an incident) by actions 用表演说明(事件等)d  feign 装作，佯装  we acted indifference  我们装作若无其事 □ act for   be the (esp. legal) representative of (尤指法定)代理，代表□ act of God   an instance of uncontrollable natural forces in operation 人力无法抗拒事件；天灾(对由此带来的损失不得要求赔偿)□ act of grace   a privilege or concession that cannot be claimed as a right 恩典，宽限□ act on (or upon)   perform or carry out; put into operation 做，执行；付诸行动  acted on my advice  根据我的建议行动□ act out   1  translate (ideas etc.) into action 用行动表现出(思想等) 2 Psychol.  represent (one's subconscious desires etc.) in action 【心】把(潜意识的愿望等)反映到行动中□ act up  colloq.  misbehave; give trouble [口]行为不端；惹麻烦  my car is acting up again  我的汽车又出麻烦了□ get one's act together  slang  become properly organized; make preparations for an undertaking etc. [俚语]准备就绪；准备从事□ get in on the act  slang  become a participant (esp. for profit) [俚语]成为一员，有份(尤指利益)；沾光□ put on an act  colloq.  carry out a pretence [口]装假，装蒜□ actable  adj. (in sense 5 of v. 用于动词释义 5)  □ actability  /-ˈbiliti/ n. (in sense 5 of v. 用于动词释义 5)   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin agere act- ‘do’]

ACTH abbr. [缩略]  adrenocorticotrophic hormone 

actin /ˈæktin/ n.  a protein which with myosin forms the contractile filaments of muscle fibres 肌动蛋白，肌纤蛋白 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -IN]

acting /ˈæktiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the art or occupation of performing parts in plays, films, etc. 演戏或电影等(艺术或职业)，演出 2  in senses of ACT v. 用于 ACT 的动词各释义 ●attrib. adj.  serving temporarily or on behalf of another or others 暂时代理的，临时代办的  acting manager  代理经理 Acting Captain  代理船长

acting pilot officer n.  a rank in the RAF above warrant officer and below pilot officer 准少尉(英国皇家空军的军衔，高于准尉，低于少尉)

actinia /ækˈtiniə/ n. (pl. actiniae /-nii:/)  a sea anemone, esp. of the genus Actinia 海葵属；海葵 [modern Latin, from Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’]

actinide /ˈæktinaid/ n. (also 亦作 actinoid /ˈæktinɔid/) Chem.  any of the series of 15 radioactive elements of increasing atomic number from actinium (no. 89) to lawrencium (no. 103) 【化】锕类(原子序数从 89 到 103 的任何一组 15 个放射性元素) [ACTINIUM + -IDE on the pattern of lanthanide]

actinide series n. Chem.  the series of 15 radioactive elements from actinium to lawrencium 【化】锕系，锕系元素(从锕到铹的 15 个放射性元素系列)

actinism /ˈæktiniz(ə)m/ n.  the property of short-wave radiation that produces chemical changes, as in photography 光化性，光化作用 □ actinic  /ækˈtinik/ adj.   [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’]

actinium /ækˈtiniəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element of the actinide series, occurring naturally in pitchblende (symbol 符 Ac) 【化】(化学元素)锕 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -IUM]

actinoid var.  of ACTINIDE  ACTINIDE 的变体

actinometer /æktiˈnɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of radiation, esp. ultraviolet radiation 光化线强度计(尤指紫外线)；感光计 [Greek aktis -inos ‘ray’ + -METER]

actinomorphic /ˌæktinəˈmɔ:fik/ adj. Biol.  radially symmetrical 【生】放射对称的；放射型的 [Greek aktis, -inos ‘ray’ + Greek morphē ‘form’]

actinomycete /ˌæktinə(ʊ)ˈmaisi:t/ n.  any of the usu. non-motile filamentous anaerobic bacteria of the order Actinomycetales 放线菌 [Greek aktis, -inos ‘ray’ + -mycetes from Greek mukēs -ētos ‘fungus’]

action /ˈækʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the fact or process of doing or acting 行动过程；行动  demanded action  要求行动 put ideas into action  把想法变成行动 2  forcefulness or energy as a characteristic 强有力，积极活动  a woman of action  实干的女人 3  the exertion of energy or influence 发挥效力；作用  the action of acid on metal  酸对金属的作用 4  something done; a deed or act 做出的事；行为  not aware of his own actions  没有意识到自己的行为 5  a  a series of events represented in a story, play, etc. (故事、戏剧等表现的)一系列事件b slang  exciting activity [俚语]令人激动的活动  arrived late and missed the action  来晚而错过了热闹 want some action  想找点乐儿 6  a  armed conflict; fighting 武装冲突；战斗  killed in action  在战斗中丧生b  an occurrence of this, esp. a minor military engagement (一次)战斗(尤指小规模军事冲突) 7  a  the way in which a machine, instrument, etc. works (机器、仪表等的)工作方式  explain the action of an air pump  解释气泵的工作原理b  the mechanism that makes a machine, instrument, etc. (e.g. a musical instrument, a gun, etc.) work (使乐器、枪械等机器或工具运转的)机械装置；机制c  the mode or style of movement of an animal or human (usu. described in some way) (动物或人的)动作姿势(常带有修饰词)  a runner with good action  姿势很好的跑步运动员 8  a legal process; a lawsuit 法律程序；诉讼  bring an action  提起诉讼 9 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  a word of command to begin, esp. used by a film director etc. 开始！ (尤指电影导演等常用的) ●v. tr.  bring a legal action against 对…提起诉讼 □ go into action   start work 开始工作□ out of action   not working 不工作，失灵□ take action   begin to act (esp. energetically in protest) 采取行动(尤指抗议) [Middle English via Old French from Latin actio -onis (as ACT)]

actionable /ˈækʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  giving cause for legal action 有理由起诉的，可控告的

action committee n. (also 亦作 action group etc.)  a body formed to take active steps, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)行动委员会，执行委员会

action-packed adj. colloq.  full of action or excitement [口]充满活力的；激动的

action painting n.  an aspect of abstract expressionism with paint applied by the artist's random or spontaneous gestures (抽象派艺术的)动作画派，抽象表现派

action point n.  a proposal for action, esp. arising from a discussion etc. (尤指讨论等中提出的)行动建议

action replay n. Brit.  a playback of part of a television broadcast, esp. a sporting event, often in slow motion [英] (尤指体育电视节目中的)动作回放(常为慢镜头)

action research n.  research carried out in the course of an activity or occupation, esp. education, to improve the methods and approach of those involved (尤指在教育等活动中开展的旨在改进方法的)行动研究

action stations n. pl. esp. Brit.  positions taken up in readiness for action, esp. by troops preparing for battle [尤英] (尤指士兵准备战斗的)站位

activate /ˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  1  make active; bring into action 使激活；使活动 2 Chem.  cause reaction in; excite (a substance, molecules, etc.) 【化】激活，活化(某种物质、分子等) 3 Physics  make radioactive 【物理学】使带放射性 □ activation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ activator  n.  

activated carbon n.  carbon, esp. charcoal, treated to increase its adsorptive power 活性炭

activated sludge n.  aerated sewage containing aerobic micro-organisms to break it down (含有亲氧微生物，充气加速的)活化排污

active /ˈæktiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  consisting in or marked by action; energetic; diligent 有活力的；勤快的  leads an active life  过着一种充满活力的生活 an active helper  勤快的帮手b  able to move about or accomplish practical tasks 活跃的；能动的；活动的  infirmity made him less active  虚弱降低了他的活动能力 2  working, operative 正在活动的；运转的  an active volcano  活火山 3  originating action; not merely passive or inert 积极主动的；不被动的；非惰性的  active support  积极的支持 active ingredients  非惰性成分 4  radioactive 放射性的，带放射性的 5 Gram.  designating the voice that attributes the action of a verb to the person or thing from which it logically proceeds (e.g. of the verbs in 例如以下句子中的动词 guns kill 枪能杀人 ; we saw him 我们看见了他) 【语法】主动语态 ●n. Gram.  the active form or voice of a verb 【语法】动词的主动形式 □ actively  adv.  □ activeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French actif -ive or Latin activus (as ACT v.)]

active birth n.  childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be as active as possible, mainly by moving around freely and assuming any position which feels comfortable 活动分娩(在分娩过程中让母亲自由活动，采取任何舒服的姿势)

active carbon n.  = ACTIVATED CARBON 

active citizen n.  a person who plays an active role in the community, esp. by participating in crime prevention, self-help schemes, etc. (活跃在社区里，尤指参与防止犯罪、实施自助计划等的)积极公民

active duty n.  participation in policing or military operational activities 现役(军人或警察)

active matrix n. Electronics  a display system in which each pixel is individually controlled 【电子学】(每一行像素单独控制的)活性矩阵 also 亦作 attrib.: active matrix LCD  活性矩阵液晶显示屏

active service n.  participation in warfare as a member of the armed forces (军人)现役

active transport n. Biol.  the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy 【生】(在酶和能量作用下离子或分子通过细胞壁)向浓度较大的一侧运动

activism /ˈæktiviz(ə)m/ n.  a policy of vigorous action in a cause, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)行动主义，激进主义；能动论 □ activist  n.  

activity /ækˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the condition of being active or moving about 活动；能动性b  the exertion of energy; vigorous action 剧烈活动；活跃 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a particular occupation or pursuit 某项活动，行业  outdoor activities  户外活动 3  = RADIOACTIVITY  [French activité or Late Latin activitas (as ACTIVE)]

Act of Supremacy n. Brit. hist.  an act securing ecclesiastical supremacy to the Crown and excluding the authority of the Pope [英史义]授予王权以神权(排斥教皇权力)的法案

Act of Uniformity n. Brit. hist.  any of four acts (esp. that of 1662) for securing uniformity in public worship and the use of a particular Book of Common Prayer [英史义]规范公众礼拜法案(使用统一祈祷书的 4 部法案之一，尤指 1662 年的那一部)

actor /ˈæktə/ n.  1  a  a person who acts a part in a play etc. (剧等中的)扮演者b  a person whose profession is performing such parts 演员 2  a person who pretends to be something he or she is not 装假的人 [Latin, = doer, actor (as ACT, -OR1)]

actor-manager n.  a person who is both manager of and actor in a theatre company (剧团中)既是演员又是经理的人

actress /ˈæktris/ n.  a female actor 女演员

actual /ˈæktjʊəl, -tʃʊəl/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  existing in fact; real (often as distinct from ideal) 实际的，实在的(常区别于理想的) 2  existing now; current 现存的；目前的 □ actualize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ actualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French actuel from Late Latin actualis, from actus ACT n.]■Usage 用法说明 Redundant use, as in Tell me the actual facts, is common but to be avoided in formal contexts. 类似 Tell me the actual facts 这样的冗赘用法很常见，但在正式文体中应避免。 

actual bodily harm n.  injury, such as bruising, broken bones, etc., inflicted intentionally on a person but less serious than grievous bodily harm (有意施加的轻于严重人身伤害的)实际人身伤害(如使青肿、断骨等)

actuality /æktjʊˈæliti, -tʃʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  reality; what is the case 现实，现状；实在 2 (in pl. 用复数)  existing conditions 现实情况，事实 [Middle English from Old French actualité ‘entity’ or medieval Latin actualitas (as ACTUAL)]

actually /ˈæktjʊəli, -tʃʊ-/ adv.  1  as a fact, really 事实上，实际上  I asked for ten, but actually got nine  我要 10 个，但实际得到 9 个 2  as a matter of fact, even (strange as it may seem) 的确；甚至，竟然  he actually refused!  他竟拒绝了！ 3  at present; for the time being 目前；暂时地

actuary /ˈæktjʊəri, -tʃʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  an expert in statistics and probability theory, esp. one who calculates insurance risks and premiums (保险)精算师；保险(业务)计算员 □ actuarial  /-ˈɛəriəl/ adj.  □ actuarially  /-ˈɛəriəli/ adv.   [Latin actuarius ‘bookkeeper’ from actus ACT n.]

actuate /ˈæktjʊeit, -tʃʊ-/ v. tr.  1  communicate motion to (a machine etc.) 开动(机器等)；使动作 2  cause the operation of (an electrical device etc.) 使(电子设备等)运转 3  cause (a person) to act 使(人)行动 □ actuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ actuator  n.   [medieval Latin actuare from Latin actus ACT n.]

acuity /əˈkju:iti/ n.  sharpness, acuteness (of a needle, senses, understanding) (针、感觉、理解力的)尖锐性，敏锐性 [French acuité or medieval Latin acuitas, from acuere ‘sharpen’: see ACUTE]

aculeate /əˈkju:liət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Zool.  having a sting 【动】有蛰刺的 2  pointed, incisive 尖的，尖利的；敏锐的 ●n. Zool.  any hymenopteran insect of the section Aculeata, including bees, wasps, and ants 【动】针尾派昆虫(包括蜜蜂、马蜂、蚂蚁等) [Latin aculeatus from aculeus ‘sting’, diminutive of acus ‘needle’]

acumen /ˈækjʊmən, əˈkju:mən/ n.  keen insight or discernment; penetration 敏锐，机敏；洞察 [Latin acumen -minis ‘point, acuteress’ from acuere ‘sharpen’: see ACUTE]

acuminate /əˈkju:minət/ adj. Biol.  tapering to a point 【生】带尖的，有尖的 [Latin acuminatus ‘pointed’ (as ACUMEN)]

acupressure /ˈækjʊpreʃə/ n.  = SHIATSU  [portmanteau word from ACUPUNCTURE + PRESSURE]

acupuncture /ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃə/ n.  a method (originally Chinese) of treating various medical conditions by pricking the skin or tissues with needles (源于中国的)针刺，针灸 □ acupuncturist  n.   [Latin acu ‘with a needle’ + PUNCTURE]

acushla /əˈkʊʃlə/ n. Ir.  darling [爱尔兰]亲爱的 [Irish a chuisle (moi chroi) ‘O pulse (of my heart)!’]

acute /əˈkju:t/ adj. & n. ●adj. (acuter, acutest)  1 (of sensation or senses) keen, penetrating (感应或感觉)敏锐的，洞察的 2  shrewd, perceptive 精明的；尖锐的  an acute critic  一位尖锐的批评家 3 (of a disease) coming sharply to a crisis; severe, not chronic (疾病)严重的，危险的；急性的 4 (of a difficulty or controversy) critical, serious (困难或争论)严重的 5  a (of an angle) less than 90° (角度)锐角的b  sharp, pointed 锋利的；尖的 6 (of a sound) high, shrill (声音)尖声的，刺耳的 ●n.  = ACUTE ACCENT  □ acutely  adv.  □ acuteness  n.   [Latin acutus, past part. of acuere ‘sharpen’ from acus ‘needle’]

acute accent n.  a mark (′) placed over letters in some languages to show quality, vowel length, pronunciation, etc. (e.g. 例如 maté) 等 (某些语言中置于字母上表示性质、元音长度、发音等的)重音符号(′)

acute rheumatism n.  = RHEUMATIC FEVER 

ACW abbr.  Aircraftwoman [缩略]空军女兵

-acy /əsi/ suffix  forming nouns of state or quality  accuracy  精确度 piracy  盗版行为 supremacy  至高无上, or an instance of it  conspiracy  阴谋 fallacy  谬论 (see also 另见 -CRACY) 构成表示状态或性质的名词，或其实例 [a branch of the suffix -CY from or influenced by French -acie, Latin -acia or -atia, or Greek -ateia]

acyclovir /eiˈsaikləvaiə/ n. Pharm.  an antiviral drug used esp. in the treatment of herpes and Aids 【药】无环鸟苷(一种抗病毒药，尤用于治疗疱疹和艾滋病)

acyl /ˈeisail, ˈæsil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid 【化】酰；酰基 [German (as ACID, -YL)]

AD abbr. (of a date) of the Christian era [缩略] (指年代)公元，公元后 [Anno Domini, ‘in the year of the Lord’]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly, AD should precede a date (e.g. AD 410), but uses such as the tenth century AD are well established. 严格地说， AD 应加在年份前面(如 AD410) ；但现在 the tenth century AD 这样的用法很普遍。 

ad /æd/ n. colloq.  an advertisement [口]广告 [abbreviation]

ad- /æd, əd/ prefix (also a- before sc, sp, st, ac- before c, k, q, af- before f, ag- before g, al- before l, an- before n, ap- before p, ar- before r, as- before s, at- before t 在 sc 、 sp 和 st 前亦作 a-, 在 c 、 k 和 q 前亦作 ac-, 在 f 前亦作 af-, 在 g 前亦作 ag-, 在 l 前亦作 al-, 在 n 前亦作 an-, 在 p 前亦作 ap-, 在 r 前亦作 ar-, 在 s 前亦作 as-, 在 t 前亦作 at-)  1  with the sense of motion or direction to, reduction or change into, addition, adherence, increase, or intensification 意为向…，朝…；成为…；增；附着增加；加强等 2  formed by assimilation of other prefixes (accurse 诅咒 ; admiral 海军上将 ; advance 前进 ; affray 骚扰) 其他前缀演变同化 [(sense 1) (via Old French a-) from Latin ad ‘to’: (sense 2) a- representing various prefixes other than ad-]

-ad1 /æd, əd/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  in collective numerals (myriad 无数 ; triad 三合一) 构成集合数词 2  in fem. patronymics (Dryad 森林女神) 构成女性源于父名的姓 3  in names of poems and similar compositions (Iliad 《伊利亚特》 ; Dunciad 《群愚史诗》 ; jeremiad 《哀诉》) 诗一类作品的名字 [Greek -as -ada]

-ad2 /əd/ suffix  forming nouns (ballad 歌谣 ; salad 色拉) (cf. 参见 -ADE1) 构成名词 [French -ade]

Ada /ˈeidə/   埃达 [人名]

adage /ˈædidʒ/ n.  a traditional maxim; a proverb 警句，格言；谚语 [French from Latin adagium (as AD-, root of aio ‘say’)]

adagio /əˈdɑ:dʒiəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in slow time 缓慢地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an adagio movement or passage 缓慢的行进或通过 [Italian, from ad agio ‘at ease’]

Adam1 /ˈædəm/ n.  the first man, in the biblical and Koranic traditions (《圣经》和《可兰经》上提到的)世上第一个男人；亚当 □ not know a person from Adam   be unable to recognize the person in question 不认识；全然不知(某人) [Hebrew 'ɑˉdɑˉm ‘man’]

Adam2 /ˈædəm/ adj.  of the style of architecture, furniture, and design created by the Scottish brothers Robert and James Adam (18th c.) (建筑、家具及其设计)具有罗伯特·亚当和詹姆士·亚当 (18 世纪苏格兰建筑师)风格的

Adam /ˈædəm/   亚当 [人名]

adamant /ˈædəm(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  stubbornly resolute; resistant to persuasion 坚定不移的；固执的，不听劝的 ●n. archaic  diamond or other hard substance [古义]钻石；坚硬的定西 □ adamance  n.  □ adamantine  /-ˈmæntain/ adj.  □ adamantly  adv.   [Old French adamaunt via Latin adamas adamant- ‘untameable’ from Greek (as A-1, damaō ‘to tame’)]

Adam's ale n.  water 水

Adam's apple n.  the projection at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx 喉结

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v.  1 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  fit, adjust (one thing to another) 使适应，使适合b (foll. by 后跟 to, for)  make suitable for a purpose 使适宜于c  alter or modify (esp. a text) 修改；改进(尤其文章等)d  arrange for broadcasting etc. 使适合(广播播出等) 2 intr. & refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  become adjusted to new conditions 变得适合于(新环境) □ adaptive  adj.   [French adapter from Latin adaptare (as AD-, aptare from aptus ‘fit’)]

adaptable /əˈdæptəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to adapt oneself to new conditions 适应性强的，能适应的 2  that can be adapted 能改制的；可改编的 □ adaptability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ adaptably  adv.  

adaptation /ædəpˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adapting or being adapted 适应；改写，改编 2  a thing that has been adapted 改写的东西，改编的作品 3 Biol.  the process by which an organism or species becomes suited to its environment 【生】适应性改变；感官适应性调节 [French, from Late Latin adaptatio -onis (as ADAPT)]

adaptive radiation n. Biol.  the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches 【生】适应性辐射

adaptor /əˈdæptə/ n. (also 亦作 adapter)  1  a device for making equipment compatible 适配器，匹配器 2 Brit.  a device for connecting several electrical plugs to one socket [英] (可插多个插头的)电源插座 3  a person who adapts 改编者

adaxial /æˈdæksiəl/ adj. Bot.  facing toward the stem of a plant, esp. designating the upper side of a leaf (cf. 参见 ABAXIAL) 【植】(尤指叶子上端)近轴的 [AD- + AXIAL]

ADC abbr. [缩略]  1  aide-de-camp  2  analogue-digital converter 模数转换器

add /æd/ v. tr.  1  join (one thing to another) as an increase or supplement 把(某物)加到(另一物)；增加  add your efforts to mine  我的努力加上你的 add insult to injury  连伤害带侮辱 2  put together (two or more numbers) to find a number denoting their combined value 把(两个或多个数目)相加；合计 3  say in addition 补充，补充说  added a remark  补充一句话 added that I was wrong  补充说我错了 ‘What's more, I don't like it, ’ he added  “还有，我不喜欢它。”他补充说 □ add in   include 包括□ add to   increase; be a further item among 增加；加入  this adds to our difficulties  这更增加了我们的困难□ add up   1  find the total of 合计，算出总数 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  amount to; constitute 累积到；酿成  adds up to a disaster  酿成了一场灾难 3 colloq.  make sense; be understandable [口]有意义；可以被理解□ added  adj.   [Middle English from Latin addere (as AD-, dare ‘put’)]

addax /ˈædæks/ n.  a large antelope, Addax nasomaculatus, of N. Africa, with twisted horns (北非的)曲角羚羊 [Latin, from an African word]

addendum /əˈdendəm/ n. (pl. addenda /-də/)  1  a thing (usu. something omitted) to be added, esp. (in pl.) as additional matter at the end of a book (尤用作复数，指附在书末的)补遗 2  an appendix; an addition 附录；增补 [Latin, gerundive of addere ADD]

adder /ˈædə/ n.  a small often venomous snake, esp. the common viper, Vipera berus, the only poisonous snake in Britain (常有毒的)小蛇(尤指英国惟一的毒蛇蝰蛇) [Old English nædre: n lost in Middle English by wrong division of a naddre: cf. APRON, AUGER, UMPIRE]

adder's tongue n.  any of several plants, esp. a fern of the genus Ophioglossum or (N. Amer.) the dog's tooth violet 山慈菇；[北美]瓶尔小草属植物

addict v. & n. ●v. tr. & refl. /əˈdikt/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  devote or apply habitually or compulsively; make addicted 沉溺于；成瘾 ●n. /ˈædikt/  1  a person addicted to a habit, esp. one dependent on a (specified) drug 有瘾的人(尤指对某种毒品)  drug addict  毒品瘾君子 heroin addict  吸海洛因者 2 colloq.  an enthusiastic devotee of a sport or pastime [口] (对某种体育或娱乐)着迷的人  film addict  影迷 [originally as adj., in the sense ‘formally assigned or bound to’: Latin addicere ‘assign’ (as AD-, dicere dict- ‘say’)]

addicted /əˈdiktid/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  dependent on as a habit; unable to do without a thing 成瘾的；不能摆脱某物的  addicted to heroin  吸海洛因成瘾的 found he was addicted  发现他已经上了瘾 2  devoted 献身于；执着于  addicted to football  迷上足球

addiction /əˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  the fact or process of being addicted, esp. the condition of taking a drug habitually and being unable to give it up without incurring adverse effects 沉溺；上瘾 [Latin addictio: see ADDICT]

addictive /əˈdiktiv/ adj. (of a drug, habit, etc.) causing addiction or dependence (毒品、习惯等)上瘾的，成瘾的

Addis Ababa /ˈædisˈæbəbə/ n.  亚的斯亚贝巴 [埃塞俄比亚首都]

Addison's disease /ˈædis(ə)nz diˌzi:z/ n.  a condition caused by an adrenal deficiency and marked by weakness, low blood pressure, and brown discoloration of the skin 艾迪生病，(肾上腺素性)青铜色皮病 [named after T. Addison, English physician d. 1860, who first recognized it]

addition /əˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adding or being added 加法，加 2  a person or thing added 增加的人(或东西)  a useful addition to the team  增加了一个有用的队员 □ in addition  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  as something added 另外，此外 [Middle English from Old French addition or from Latin additio (as ADD)]

additional /əˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  added, extra, supplementary 附加的，另外的；补充的 □ additionally  adv.  

additive /ˈæditiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a thing added, esp. a substance added to another so as to give it specific qualities 添加物，添加剂  food additive  食品添加剂 ●adj.  1  characterized by addition 额外的，附加的  additive process  附加的工序 2  to be added 增加的 [Late Latin additivus (as ADD)]

addle /ˈæd(ə)l/ v. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  muddle, confuse 扰乱；弄糊涂 2 intr. (of an egg) become addled (鸡蛋)变坏 ●adj.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  muddled, unsound 混乱的，糊涂的；不健全的  addle-brained  思想糊涂的 addle-head  糊涂脑袋 2  empty, vain 空的；徒劳的 3 (of an egg) addled (鸡蛋)坏了的 [Old English adela ‘filth’, used as adj., then as verb]

addled /ˈæd(ə)ld/ adj.  1 (of an egg) rotten, producing no chick (鸡蛋)腐坏不能孵出小鸡的 2  muddled 昏沉的 [ADDLE adj., assimilated to past part. form]

add-on n.  something added to an existing object or quantity 添加物，附加部分，额外部分 also 亦作 attrib.: several add-on features are available  还有几个附加特征

address /əˈdres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the place where a person lives or an organization is situated 住址；地址b  particulars of this, esp. for postal purposes (尤指用于邮递的)详细地址c Computing  the location of an item of stored information 【计算】(信息的)存放地点 2  a discourse delivered to an audience 致词；讲话 3  skill, dexterity, readiness 技巧，灵巧，敏捷 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a courteous approach; courtship 彬彬有礼地接近；求爱  pay one's addresses to  向…求爱 5 archaic  manner in conversation [古义]谈话的态度 ●v. tr.  1  write directions for delivery (esp. the name and address of the intended recipient) on (an envelope, packet, etc.) (在邮件上)写地址 2  direct in speech or writing (remarks, a protest, etc.) (讲话或书面言论、抗议等)针对 3  speak or write to, esp. formally (尤指正式地)讲话或写信给…  addressed the audience  向观众致词 asked me how to address a duke  问我如何给公爵写信 4  direct one's attention to 使注意；将注意力引向… 5 Golf  take aim at or prepare to hit (the ball) 【高尔夫球】瞄准(球) □ address oneself to   1  speak or write to 向…讲话或写信 2  attend to 照料；专心于□ addressable  adj.  □ addresser  n.   [Middle English from Old French adresser, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, directus DIRECT): the noun perhaps from French adresse]

addressee /ædreˈsi:/ n.  the person to whom something (esp. a letter) is addressed 收信人，收件人

Addressograph /əˈdresəɡrɑ:f/ n. propr.  a machine for printing addresses on envelopes [商标]信封地址打印机

adduce /əˈdju:s/ v. tr.  cite as an instance or as proof or evidence 引证，举证 □ adducible  adj.   [Latin adducere adduct- (as AD-, ducere ‘lead’)]

adduct /əˈdʌkt/ v. tr.  draw towards a middle line, esp. draw (a limb) towards the midline of the body 使(尤指肢体)内收 □ adduction  n.  □ adductor  n.  

-ade1 /eid/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  an action done (blockade 封锁 ; tirade 长篇大论) 表示做出的行动 2  the body concerned in an action or process (cavalcade 马队) 表示行进中的整体 3  the product or result of a material or action (arcade 拱廊 ; lemonade 柠檬汁 ; masquerade 化妆舞会) 表示材料或动作的结果 [from or influenced by French -ade, via Provençal, Spanish, or Portuguese -ada or Italian -ata from Latin -ata, fem. sing. past part. of verbs ending in -are]

-ade2 /eid/ suffix  forming nouns (decade 十年) (cf. 参见 -AD1) 构成名词 [French -ade from Greek -as -ada]

-ade3 /eid/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  = -ADE1 brocade  织锦  2  a person concerned (renegade 变节者) 有关的人 [Spanish or Portuguese -ado, masc. form of -ada: see -ADE1]

Aden /ˈeidən/ n.  亚丁 [也门港市]

adenine /ˈædini:n/ n.  a purine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA or RNA. (存于动物内脏等组织中的)盐基 [German Adenin from Greek adēn ‘gland’: see -INE4]

adenoids /ˈædinɔidz/ n. pl. Med.  a mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and the throat, often hindering speaking and breathing in the young 【医】腺体肿大；扁桃腺肥大 □ adenoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek adēn ‘gland’ + -OID]

adenoma /ædiˈnəʊmə/ n. (pl. adenomas or adenomata /-mətə/)  a glandlike benign tumour 良性肿瘤，腺瘤 [modern Latin from Greek adēn ‘gland’ + -OMA]

adenosine /əˈdenəʊsi:n/ n.  a nucleoside of adenine and ribose present in all living tissue in combined form 腺苷 [ADENINE + RIBOSE]

adenosine triphosphate n.  a nucleotide important in living cells, whose breakdown to the diphosphate provides energy for physiological processes (abbr. 缩略 : ATP) 三磷酸腺苷

adept adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈædept, əˈdept/ (foll. by 后跟 at, in)  thoroughly proficient 熟练的；内行的 ●n. /ˈædept/  a skilled performer; an expert 内行；专家 □ adeptly  adv.  □ adeptness  n.   [Latin adeptus, past part. of adipisci ‘attain’]

adequate /ˈædikwət/ adj.  1  sufficient, satisfactory (often with the implication of being barely so) 足够的；能满足的(通常指刚好够的) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  proportionate 适当的 3  barely sufficient 勉强够的；差强人意的 □ adequacy  n.  □ adequately  adv.   [Latin adaequatus, past part. of adaequare ‘make equal’ (as AD-, aequus ‘equal’)]

ad fin. /æd ˈfin/ abbr.  at or near the end [缩略]结尾处；接近结尾处 [Latin ad finem]

adhere /ədˈhiə/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (of a substance) stick fast to a surface, another substance, etc. (物质)粘附，附着(另一物质) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  behave according to; follow in detail 遵循；坚持  adhered to our plan  坚持我们的计划 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give support or allegiance to 支持，拥护，忠于 [French adhérer or Latin adhaerēre (as AD-, haerēre haes- ‘stick’)]

adherent /ədˈhiər(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a supporter of a party, person, etc. (党派、个人等的)追随者；支持者 2  a devotee of an activity (某活动的)热心者，献身者 ●adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  faithfully observing a rule etc. 忠于，遵守 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a substance) sticking fast (物质)黏着的，粘紧的 □ adherence  n.   [French adhérent (as ADHERE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ADHESION. 见 ADHESION 的用法注释。 

adhesion /ədˈhi:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of adhering 黏着，附着 2  the capacity of a substance to stick fast (物质的)黏着性；附着性 3 Med.  an abnormal union of surfaces due to inflammation or injury 【医】粘连(物) 4  the maintenance of contact between the wheels of a vehicle and the road (汽车轮胎与地面的)附着力，黏附力 5  the giving of support or allegiance 支持；忠于 [French adhésion or Latin adhaesio (as ADHERE)]■Usage 用法说明 Adhesion is more common in physical senses (e.g. The glue has good adhesion), with adherence used in abstract senses (e.g. adherence to principles). adhesion 常用于指物理性能，如 The glue has good adhesion (这种胶的黏性好), adherence 常用于抽象意义，如 adherence to principles (坚持原则)。 

adhesive /ədˈhi:siv, -ziv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  sticky, enabling surfaces or substances to adhere to one another 黏着的，有黏性的 ●n.  an adhesive substance, esp. one used to stick other substances together 粘的东西；黏合剂，胶 □ adhesively  adv.  □ adhesiveness  n.   [French adhésif -ive (as ADHERE)]

adhibit /ədˈhibit/ v. tr. (adhibited, adhibiting)  1  affix 粘，贴，加上，附上 2  apply or administer (a remedy) 涂或用(药) □ adhibition  /ædhiˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin adhibēre adhibit- (as AD-, habēre ‘have’)]

ad hoc /æd ˈhɒk/ adv. & adj.  for a particular (usu. exclusive) purpose 为某一特定(通常为专有的)目的(的)；特别地(的)，专门地(的)  an ad hoc appointment  一项特别任命 [Latin, = to this]

ad hominem /æd ˈhɒminem/ adv. & adj.  1  relating to or associated with a particular person 针对某个个人的 2 (of an argument) appealing to the emotions and not to reason (论点等)诉诸情感而非理性的 [Latin, = to the person]

adiabatic /ˌeidaiəˈbætik, ˌædiə-/ adj. & n. Physics 【物理学】  ●adj.  1  impassable to heat 隔热的；绝热的 2  occurring without heat entering or leaving the system 无热能参与的 ●n.  a curve or formula for adiabatic phenomena 隔热性能曲线(或公式) □ adiabatically  adv.   [Greek adiabatos ‘impassable’ (as A-1, diabainō ‘pass’)]

adieu /əˈdju:/ int. & n. ●int.  goodbye 再见，再会 ●n. (pl. adieus or adieux /əˈdju:z/)  a goodbye 告别 [Middle English from Old French, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + Dieu ‘God’]

ad infinitum /æd infiˈnaitəm/ adv.  without limit; for ever 无限；永远 [Latin, = to infinity]

ad interim /æd ˈintərim/ adv. & adj.  for the meantime 暂时地(的)，临时地(的) [Latin]

adios /ædiˈɒs/ int.  goodbye 再见 [Spanish adiós, from a ‘to’ + Dios ‘God’]

adipocere /ædipə(ʊ)ˈsiə/ n.  a greyish fatty or soapy substance generated in dead bodies subjected to moisture 尸蜡(死尸由于受潮而产生的软蜡状物质) [French adipocire, from Latin adeps adipis ‘fat’ + French cire ‘wax’ from Latin cera]

adipose /ˈædipəʊs, -z/ adj.  of or characterized by fat, esp. as stored in the body tissues; fatty 动物脂肪的；脂肪多的；肥胖的 □ adiposity  /-ˈpɒsiti/ n.   [modern Latin adiposus from adeps adipis ‘fat’]

adit /ˈædit/ n.  1  a horizontal entrance or passage in a mine (矿井的)入口；平峒，横坑道 2  a means of approach 方法，入门 [Latin aditus (as AD-, itus from ire it- ‘go’)]

Adivasi /ɑ:diˈvɑ:si/ n. (pl. Adivasis)  a member of the aboriginal tribal peoples of India 印度原始部落成员 [Hindi ɑˉdivɑˉsī ‘original inhabitant’]

Adj. /ædʒ/ abbr. [缩略] (preceding a name 置于名字前)  Adjutant 

adjacent /əˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  lying near or adjoining 邻近的，毗连的 □ adjacency  n.   [Middle English from Latin adjacēre (as AD-, jacēre ‘lie’)]

adjective /ˈædʒiktiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify it or describe it 形容词 ●adj.  additional; not standing by itself; dependent 另外的，附加的；依附的 □ adjectival  /ædʒikˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ adjectivally  /ædʒikˈtaiv(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French adjectif -ive, ultimately from Latin adjicere adject- ‘throw to, add, attribute’ in the phrase nomen adjectivus ‘attributive noun’ (as AD-, jacere ‘throw’)]

adjoin /əˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  1  be next to and joined with 贴近，毗连，临近 2 archaic [古义]  = ADD 1  [Middle English via Old French ajoindre, ajoign- from Latin adjungere adjunct- (as AD-, jungere ‘join’)]

adjourn /əˈdʒɜ:n/ v.  1 tr.  a  put off; postpone 延期，推迟b  break off (a meeting, discussion, etc.) with the intention of resuming later (会议、讨论等)延期；暂停 2 intr.  of persons at a meeting 指开会的人 :a  break off proceedings and disperse 暂时散会，暂时休会b (foll. by 后跟 to)  transfer the meeting to another place 改到另一处继续开会；转移会场 [Middle English from Old French ajorner (as AD-, jorn ‘day’, ultimately from Latin diurnus DIURNAL): cf. JOURNAL, JOURNEY]

adjournment /əˈdʒɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n.  adjourning or being adjourned 休会；延期

adjournment debate n. Brit.  a debate in the House of Commons on the motion that the House be adjourned, used as an opportunity for raising various matters [英] (下议院对某一动议的)推迟辩论

adjudge /əˈdʒʌdʒ/ v. tr.  1  adjudicate (a matter) 判决，裁决(某件事情) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  pronounce judicially 宣布，宣判 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  award judicially 司法判决 4 archaic  condemn [古义]判责，处罚 □ adjudgement  n. (also 亦作 adjudgment)   [Middle English via Old French ajuger from Latin adjudicare: see ADJUDICATE]

adjudicate /əˈdʒu:dikeit/ v.  1 intr.  act as judge in a competition, court, tribunal, etc. (在比赛、法庭等上)评判；裁判；审判 2 tr.  a  decide judicially regarding (a claim etc.) 司法判决，裁决(一项要求等)b (foll. by 后跟 to be + compl.)  pronounce 宣布，宣告  was adjudicated to be bankrupt  宣告破产 □ adjudication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adjudicative  adj.  □ adjudicator  n.   [Latin adjudicare (as AD-, judicare from judex -icis ‘judge’)]

adjunct /ˈædʒʌŋ(k)t/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to, of)  a subordinate or incidental thing 附属物，附件 2  an assistant; a subordinate person, esp. one with temporary appointment only (尤指临时任命的)助理；随从 3 Gram.  a word or phrase used to amplify or modify the meaning of another word or words in a sentence 【语法】修饰语，修饰成分 □ adjunctive  /əˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj.   [Latin adjunctus: see ADJOIN]

adjure /əˈdʒʊə/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  charge or request (a person) solemnly or earnestly, esp. under oath (尤指通过发誓)要求，恳求(某人) □ adjuration  /ædʒʊəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adjuratory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin adjurare (as AD-, jurare ‘swear’) in Late Latin sense ‘put a person to an oath’]

adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v.  1 tr.  a  arrange; put in the correct order or position 安排；调整，调节b  regulate, esp. by a small amount 校正，校准 , 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make suitable (使)适合；适应 3 tr.  harmonize (discrepancies) 使和谐；协调(差异等) 4 tr.  assess (loss or damages) 评估，估定(损失或损坏情况) 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make oneself suited to; become familiar with 使(自己)适应；(使)熟悉  adjust to one's surroundings  适应周围的环境 □ adjustable  adj.  □ adjustability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ adjuster  n.  □ adjustment  n.   [French adjuster from Old French ajoster, ultimately from Latin juxta ‘near’]

adjutant /ˈædʒʊt(ə)nt/ n.  1  a Mil.  an officer who assists superior officers by communicating orders, conducting correspondence, etc. 【军】副手；副官b  an assistant 助手 2 (in full 全称 adjutant bird)  a large black and white S. Asian stork of the genus Leptoptilos (产于南亚的)秃鹳 □ adjutancy  n.   [Latin adjutare, frequentative of adjuvare: see ADJUVANT]

Adjutant General n. (pl. Adjutant Generals)  a high-ranking army administrative officer 陆军副官；署长

adjuvant /ˈædʒʊv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  helpful, auxiliary 有帮助的，辅助的 2 Med. (of therapy) applied after initial treatment for cancer, esp. to suppress secondary tumour formation 【医】(癌症初步治疗后的)辅助治疗(尤指用于抑制肿瘤的再次形成) ●n.  1  an adjuvant person or thing 辅助；助手 2 Med.  a substance which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen 【医】辅药，佐药(一种提高身体对抗原免疫力的物质) [French adjuvant or Latin adjuvare (as AD-, juvare jut- ‘help’)]

Adlerian /ædˈliəriən/ adj.  of or relating to A. Adler, Austrian psychologist d. 1937, or his system of psychology 阿德勒(奥地利心理学家，死于 1937 年)的；阿德勒心理学的

ad lib /æd ˈlib/ v., adj., adv. & n. ●v. intr. (ad libbed, ad libbing)  speak or perform without formal preparation; improvise 即兴讲话；即兴表演 ●adj.  improvised 即兴的 ●adv.  as one pleases; to any desired extent 乘兴；随意；尽兴 ●n.  something spoken or played extempore 即兴的讲话；即兴的表演 [abbreviation of AD LIBITUM]

ad libitum /æd ˈlibitəm/ adv.  = AD LIBadv.  [Latin, = according to pleasure]

ad litem /æd ˈlaitem/ adj. (of a guardian etc.) appointed for a lawsuit 为诉讼指定的(指监护人等) [Latin]

Adm. abbr. [缩略] (preceding a name 置于名字前)  Admiral 

adman /ˈædmæn/ n. (pl. admen) colloq.  a person who produces advertisements commercially [口]广告商，广告制作人

admass /ˈædmæs/ n. esp. Brit.  the section of the community that is regarded as readily influenced by advertising and mass communication [尤英]易受大众传媒影响的人群

admeasure /ədˈmeʒə/ v. tr. archaic  apportion; assign in due shares [古义]分配；配给 □ admeasurement  n.   [Middle English via Old French amesurer from medieval Latin admensurare (as AD-, MEASURE)]

admin /ˈædmin/ n. Brit. colloq.  administration [英口]经营，管理 [abbreviation]

adminicle /ədˈminik(ə)l/ n.  1  a thing that helps 辅助物；补充 2 (in Scottish law) collateral evidence of the contents of a missing document (苏格兰法律) (一个失踪文件内容的)旁证，补充证据 □ adminicular  /ædmiˈnikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin adminiculum ‘prop’]

administer /ədˈministə/ v.  1 tr.  attend to the running of (business affairs etc.); manage 管理(商务等)；经营 2 tr.  a  be responsible for the implementation of (the law, justice, punishment, etc.) 负责(法律、公正原则、惩处等的实施)b Eccl.  give out, or perform the rites of (a sacrament) 【教会】施行，举行(宗教仪式、盛典等)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  direct the taking of (an oath) 主持(宣誓) 3 tr.  a  provide, apply (a remedy) 提供；服用(药物)b  give, deliver (a rebuke) 给予，予以(指责) 4 intr.  act as administrator 管理，经营 □ administrable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French aministrer from Latin administrare (as AD-, MINISTER)]

administrate /ədˈministreit/ v. tr. & intr.  administer (esp. business affairs); act as an administrator 管理(尤指商务)；支配，掌管 [Latin administrare (as ADMINISTER)]

administration /ədminiˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  management of a business, institution, etc. 经营，管理b (prec. by 前接 the) N. Amer.  the people responsible for this, regarded collectively [北美]管理人员；管理机构 2  the management of public affairs; government 行政管理；政府工作 3  the government in power; the ministry 执政政府；政府部门 4 N. Amer.  the term of office of a political leader or government [北美] (政治领袖或政府的)任期 5 (作 Administration) (in the US) a government agency (美国)政府代理机构，管理局  the Food and Drug Administration  食品药品管理局 6 Law  the management of another person's estate 【法律】管理(他人的不动产) 7 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the administering of justice, an oath, etc. 负责(司法审判、宣誓等)b  application of remedies (药物的)应用 [Middle English, from Old French administration or Latin administratio (as ADMINISTRATE)]

administrative /ədˈministrətiv/ adj.  concerning or relating to the management of affairs 管理的；行政的 □ administratively  adv.   [French administratif -ive or Latin administrativus (as ADMINISTRATION)]

administrator /ədˈministreitə/ n.  1  a person who administers a business or public affairs 管理人员；行政人员 2  a person capable of organizing 组织者  is no administrator  不善组织 3 Law  a person appointed to manage the estate of a person who has died intestate 【法律】(被指定管理未立遗嘱死者的)不动产管理人 4  a person who performs official duties in some sphere, e.g. in religion or justice 教会管区的牧师；司法管区的管理人 □ administratorship  n.  □ administratrix  n.   [Latin (as ADMINISTER)]

admirable /ˈædm(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving admiration 可钦佩的，令人佩服的 2  excellent 优秀的，极好的 □ admirably  adv.   [French, from Latin admirabilis (as ADMIRE)]

admiral /ˈædm(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the commander-in-chief of a country's navy (一国的)海军总司令b  a naval officer of high rank; the commander of a fleet or naval squadron 海军将军；舰队司令c (作 Admiral)  an admiral of the second grade 海军上将 2  a boldly patterned nymphalid butterfly (翅膀花纹明显的)花蝶，彩蝶  red admiral  红色花蝶 white admiral  白色花蝶 □ admiralship  n.   [Middle English via Old French a(d)mira(i)l etc. and medieval Latin a(d)miralis etc., from Arabic 'amīr ‘commander’ (cf. AMIR), associated with ADMIRABLE]

Admiral of the Fleet n.  an admiral of the first grade 舰队司令

Admiralty /ˈædm(ə)r(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (hist. except in titles) (in the UK) the department administering the Royal Navy ([史义]除作为军衔外) (英国)皇家海军司令部，海军部 2 (作 admiralty) Law  the maritime branch of the administration of justice 【法律】海事法 [Middle English from Old French admiral(i)té (as ADMIRAL)]

Admiralty Board n. Brit. hist.  a committee of the Ministry of Defence superintending the Royal Navy [英史义]国防部管理皇家海军委员会

admiration /ædməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  pleased contemplation 钦佩，羡慕 2  respect; warm approval 尊重；赞美；仰慕 3  an object of this 令人仰慕的对象  was the admiration of the whole town  是全城人仰慕的对象 [French admiration or Latin admiratio (as ADMIRE)]

admire /ədˈmaiə/ v. tr.  1  regard with approval, respect, or satisfaction 赞赏；钦佩；满意 2  express one's admiration of 表示赞赏；表示钦佩 [French admirer or Latin admirari (as AD-, mirari ‘wonder at’)]

admirer /ədˈmaiərə/ n.  1  a woman's suitor 求爱者，求婚者 2  a person who admires, esp. a devotee of an able or famous person 仰慕者，追随者，慕名者

admiring /ədˈmaiəriŋ/ adj.  showing or feeling admiration 赞赏的；钦佩的  an admiring follower  慕名追随者 admiring glances  羡慕的目光 □ admiringly  adv.  

admissible /ədˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an idea or plan) worth accepting or considering (主意、计划等)可接受的，可采纳的；值得考虑的 2 Law  allowable as evidence 【法律】可作为证据的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  capable of being admitted 可容许的，可接纳的；可承认的 □ admissibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French admissible or medieval Latin admissibilis (as ADMIT)]

admission /ədˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an acknowledgement 承认，确认  admission of error  承认过错 admission that he was wrong  承认他错了 2  a  the process or right of entering or being admitted 准入，接纳b  a charge for this 准入费，入场券  admission is £ 5  门票 5 英镑 3  a person admitted to a hospital 准许进入医院的人 [Middle English from Latin admissio (as ADMIT)]

admit /ədˈmit/ v. (admitted, admitting)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to be, or that + clause)  acknowledge; recognize as true 承认；确认b  accept as valid or true 接受；相信 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  acknowledge responsibility for (a deed, fault, etc.) (对行为、失误等)承认负有责任 3 tr.  a  allow (a person) entrance or access 允许(某人)进入，允许通行b  allow (a person) to be a member of (a class, group, etc.) or to share in (a privilege etc.) 准入，接纳(加入组织，享受特权等)c (of a hospital etc.) bring in (a person) for residential treatment (医院等)让病人住院治疗 4 tr. (of an enclosed space) have room for; accommodate (在封闭区域内)有空位；可接纳 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  allow as possible 同意；认可 [Middle English from Latin admittere admiss- (as AD-, mittere ‘send’)]

admittance /ədˈmit(ə)ns/ n.  1  the right or process of admitting or being admitted, usu. to a place 允许进入，准入  no admittance except on business  闲人免进 2 Electr.  a measure of electrical conduction, the reciprocal of impedance 【电】导纳

admittedly /ədˈmitidli/ adv.  as an acknowledged fact 公认地，显然  admittedly there are problems  显然有问题

admix /ˈædmiks/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  mingle 混合，使混合 2 tr.  add as an ingredient 添加，加入(成分等)

admixture /ədˈmikstʃə/ n.  1  a thing added, esp. a minor ingredient (尤指次要的)添加物 2  the act of adding this 添加，混合 [Latin admixtus, past part. of admiscēre (as AD-, miscēre ‘mix’)]

admonish /ədˈmɒniʃ/ v. tr.  1  reprove 责备，非难 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  urge 敦促，催促 3  give earnest advice to 告诫，劝诫 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  warn 警告 □ admonishment  n.  □ admonition  /ædməˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ admonitory  adj.   [Middle English from Old French amonester, ultimately from Latin admonēre (as AD-, monēre monit- ‘warn’)]

ad nauseam /æd ˈnɔ:ziæm, -siæm/ adv.  to an excessive or disgusting degree 令人作呕地 [Latin, = to sickness]

adnominal /ədˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj. Gram.  attached to a noun 【语法】修饰名词的；定语的 [Latin adnomen -minis ‘added name’]

Adnyamathanha /ˈædnjəmʌdənə/ n.  an Aboriginal language of S. Australia 阿德尼玛特纳语(一种南澳大利亚土著语)

ado /əˈdu:/ n.  busy activity; fuss, trouble, difficulty 费力；忙乱；纷扰；困难 □ without more (or further) ado   immediately 马上，立即 [originally in much ado = much to do, from northern Middle English at do (= to do), from Old Norse at AT (used to mark an infinitive) + DO1]

-ado /ˈeidəʊ, ˈɑ:-/ suffix  forming nouns (desperado 亡命徒) (cf. 参见 -ADE3) 构成名词 [Spanish or Portuguese -ado from Latin -atus, past part. of verbs ending in -are]

adobe /əˈdəʊbi, əˈdəʊb/ n.  1  an unburnt sun-dried brick (晒干但未烧制的)砖坯，土坯 2  the clay used for making such bricks 做砖坯(土坯)的泥土 [Spanish from Arabic]

adolescent /ædəˈles(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  between childhood and adulthood 青春期的，青少年的 ●n.  an adolescent person 青少年，青年 □ adolescence  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin adolescere ‘grow up’]

Adonis /əˈdəʊnis/ n.  a handsome young man 阿多尼斯；美少年，英俊少年 [the name of a youth loved by Venus: Latin via Greek from Phoenician adōn ‘lord’]

Adonis blue n.  a European butterfly, Lysandra bellargus 欧洲小灰蝶(属蝴蝶科)

adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. tr.  1  take (a person) into a relationship, esp. another's child as one's own 领养，收养，过继 2  choose to follow (a course of action etc.) 遵循，遵照(行动的路线等) 3  take over (an idea etc.) from another person 采纳，采取(别人的主意等) 4 Brit.  choose as a candidate for office [英]选作候选人 5 Brit. (of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road etc.) [英] (地方政府)同意负责保养(道路等) 6  accept; formally approve (a report, accounts, etc.) 通过；正式批准(报告、账务等) □ adoption  /-pʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French adopter or Latin adoptare (as AD-, optare ‘choose’)]

adoptive /əˈdɒptiv/ attrib. adj.  as a result of adoption 收养的，领养的  adoptive son  养子 adoptive father  养父 □ adoptively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French adoptif -ive from Latin adoptivus (as ADOPT)]

adorable /əˈdɔ:rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving adoration 可崇拜的，值得尊敬的 2 colloq.  delightful, charming [口]令人愉快的；可爱的；迷人的 □ adorably  adv.   [French from Latin adorabilis (as ADORE)]

adore /əˈdɔ:/ v. tr.  1  regard with honour and deep affection 崇拜，敬慕，仰慕 2  a  worship as divine 敬拜，顶礼膜拜b RC Ch.  offer reverence to (the Host etc.) 【天主教】(向圣餐等)致敬，礼拜 3 colloq.  like very much [口]特别喜爱 □ adoration  /ædəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adoring  adj.  □ adoringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French ao(u)rer from Latin adorare ‘worship’ (as AD-, orare ‘speak, pray’)]

adorer /əˈdɔ:rə/ n.  1  a worshipper 参加礼拜者，信徒 2  an ardent admirer 爱慕者，崇拜者

adorn /əˈdɔ:n/ v. tr.  1  add beauty or lustre to; be an ornament to 美化；装饰；使生色 2  furnish with ornaments; decorate 加装饰；布置 □ adornment  n.   [Middle English via Old French ao(u)rner from Latin adornare (as AD-, ornare ‘furnish, deck’)]

ADP abbr. [缩略]  1  adenosine diphosphate 三磷酸腺苷 2  automatic data processing 自动数据处理

ad personam /æd pɜ:ˈsəʊnæm/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  to the person 本人，亲自 ●adj.  personal 私人的，个人的 [Latin]

ad rem /æd ˈrem/ adv. & adj.  to the point; to the purpose 中肯，得要领 [Latin, = to the matter]

adrenal /əˈdri:n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  at or near the kidneys 肾的；靠近肾的 2  of the adrenal glands 肾上腺的 ●n. (in full 全称 adrenal gland)  either of two ductless glands above the kidneys, secreting adrenalin, corticosteroids, etc. 肾上腺 [AD- + RENAL]

adrenal cortex n. Anat.  the outer part of the adrenal glands, secreting corticosteroids etc. 【解】肾上腺皮质

adrenalin /əˈdren(ə)lin/ n. (also 亦作 adrenaline)  1  a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, affecting circulation and muscular action, and causing excitement and stimulation 肾上腺素 2  the same substance obtained from animals or by synthesis, used as a stimulant (人工合成或提取的兴奋剂)肾上腺素

adrenocorticotrophic hormone /əˌdri:nəˌkɔ:tikəˈtrɒfik/ n. (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropic hormone /-ˈtrɒpik/)  a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulating the adrenal cortex (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropic hormone) (abbr. 缩略 : ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素 [ADRENAL + CORTEX + -TROPHIC, -TROPIC]

adrenocorticotrophin /əˌdri:nəˌkɔ:tikəˈtrɒfin/ n. (also 亦作 adrenocorticotropin /-pin/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE  [ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC (HORMONE) + -IN]

Adrian /ˈeidriən/   阿德里安 [人名]

adrift /əˈdrift/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  drifting 漂浮着(的)，漂动着(的) 2  at the mercy of circumstances 随波逐流地(的)，漫无目的地(的) 3 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  unfastened 未系紧的；松开的b  out of touch 失去联系，失控c  absent without leave 未请假缺席的，不辞而别的d (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  failing to reach a target 未中靶的，脱靶的e  out of order 无秩序的，混乱的f  ill-informed 信息不灵通(的) [A2 + DRIFT]

adroit /əˈdrɔit/ adj.  dexterous, skilful 熟练的，灵巧的 □ adroitly  adv.  □ adroitness  n.   [French from ɑˋ droit ‘according to right, properly’]

adsorb /ədˈsɔ:b, -ˈzɔ:b/ v. tr. (usu. of a solid) hold (molecules of a gas or liquid or solute) to its surface, causing a thin film to form 吸附，附着(通常指固体表面吸附气体、液体等的分子) □ adsorbable  adj.  □ adsorbent  adj. & n.  □ adsorption  /-ˈsɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 adsorbtion)  □ adsorptive  adj.   [AD-, on the pattern of ABSORB]

adsorbate /ædˈsɔ:beit/ n.  a substance adsorbed 吸附物，附着物

adsuki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

ADT abbr.  Atlantic Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Atlantic Standard Time) [缩略]大西洋白日时间(比大西洋标准时间早一小时)

aduki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

adulate /ˈædjʊleit/ v. tr.  flatter obsequiously 谄媚，奉承 □ adulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adulator  n.  □ adulatory  adj.   [Latin adulari adulat- ‘fawn on’]

adult /ˈædʌlt, əˈdʌlt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  mature, grown-up 成熟的，成年的 2  a  of or for adults 对于成年人的，有关成年人的  adult education  成人教育b euphem.  sexually explicit; indecent [婉]色情的；下流的  adult films  成人电影 ●n.  1  an adult person 成年人，成人 2 Law  a person who has reached the age of majority 【法律】达到法定年龄的人 □ adulthood  n.  □ adultly  adv.   [Latin adultus, past part. of adolescere ‘grow up’: cf. ADOLESCENT]

adulterant /əˈdʌlt(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  used in adulterating 掺杂的；掺假的 ●n.  an adulterant substance 掺杂物

adulterate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /əˈdʌltəreit/  debase (esp. foods) by adding other or inferior substances (尤指在食物中)掺杂，掺假 ●adj. /əˈdʌlt(ə)rət/  spurious, debased, counterfeit 伪造的，低劣的 □ adulteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adulterator  n.   [Latin adulterare adulterat- ‘corrupt’]

adulterer /əˈdʌlt(ə)rə/ n. (fem. adulteress /-(ə)ris/)  a person who commits adultery 通奸者 [obsolete verb adulter via Old French avoutrer from Latin adulterare: see ADULTERATE]

adulterine /əˈdʌlt(ə)rain/ adj.  1  illegal, unlicensed 非法的；没有许可证的 2  spurious 伪造的，假造的 3  born of adultery 非婚生的 [Latin adulterinus from adulter ‘adulterous’: see ADULTERY]

adulterous /əˈdʌlt(ə)rəs/ adj.  of or involved in adultery 通奸的，不贞的 □ adulterously  adv.   [Middle English from obsolete noun adulter, from Old French avoutrer: see ADULTERER]

adultery /əˈdʌlt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person (married or not) other than his or her spouse 通奸 2  an instance of this 通奸事例 [Middle English from Old French avout(e)rie, from avoutre ‘adulterer’ from Latin adulter, assimilated to Latin adulterium]

adumbrate /ˈædʌmbreit/ v. tr.  1  indicate faintly 模糊地显示；模糊地勾画 2  represent in outline 画轮廓，描述要点 3  foreshadow, typify 成为先兆；预示 4  overshadow 遮阴，使阴暗；使失色 □ adumbration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ adumbrative  /əˈdʌmbrətiv/ adj.   [Latin adumbrare (as AD-, umbrare from umbra ‘shade’)]

ad valorem /æd vəˈlɔ:rem/ adv. & adj. (of taxes) in proportion to the estimated value of the goods concerned (税收)与估价成比例的，按照价值(的) [Latin, = according to the value]

advance /ədˈvɑ:ns/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move or put forward 前进；提出 2 intr.  make progress 进步；进展 3 tr.  a  pay (money) before it is due 提前支付，预付b  lend (money) 出借，借(钱)给 4 tr.  give active support to; promote (a person, cause, or plan) 促进，支持(人、事业、计划等) 5 tr.  put forward (a claim or suggestion) 提出(要求或建议等) 6 tr.  cause (an event) to occur at an earlier date 提前；使(活动)提前  advanced the meeting three hours  将会议提前 3 小时 7 tr.  raise (a price) 提高(价格)，提价 8 intr.  rise (in price) (价格)上涨，涨价 9 tr. (as 作 advanced adj.)  a  far on in progress 先进的，进展很多的  the work is well advanced  工作已经进行了很多b  ahead of the times 超前  advanced ideas  超前意识 ●n.  1  an act of going forward 前进，行进 2  progress 进步，进展 3  a payment made before the due time 提前支付的款项 4  a loan 贷款 5 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an amorous or friendly approach 求爱；友好地接近 6  a rise in price 涨价 ●attrib. adj.  done or supplied beforehand 预先完成(或提出)的  advance warning  预先警告 advance copy  预先提交的副本 □ advance on   approach threateningly 迫近，逼近□ in advance   ahead in place or time 在前；预先□ advancer  n.   [Middle English via Old French avancer and Late Latin abante ‘in front’ from Latin ab ‘away’ + ante ‘before’: the noun partly through French avance]

advanced level n. (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination of a standard higher than ordinary level and GCSE (英国，除苏格兰外)高级教育证书考试

advanced supplementary level n. (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination with a smaller syllabus than A levels (英国，除苏格兰外)高级教育证书补充考试

advance guard n.  a body of soldiers preceding the main body of an army 先头部队，先遣队

advance man n. esp. N. Amer.  a person who visits a location ahead of a dignitary etc. to make appropriate arrangements [尤北美] (事先到要人的出访地进行适当安排的)先遣人员，打前站的人

advancement /ədˈvɑ:nsm(ə)nt/ n.  the promotion of a person, cause, or plan (人员的)晋升；(事业或计划的)进展 [Middle English from French avancement, from avancer (as ADVANCE)]

advantage /ədˈvɑ:ntidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a beneficial feature; a favourable circumstance 优点；特点；有利条件 2  benefit, profit 好处，利益  is not to your advantage  这于你没有好处 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a better position; superiority in a particular respect. 优越地位；(在某方面的)优势 4 Tennis  the next point won after deuce 【网球】局末平局后先得一分 ●v. tr.  1  be beneficial or favourable to 对…有利，有好处 2  further, promote 增进，促进 □ have the advantage of   be in a better position in some respect than 处于优势地位，处于有利地位□ take advantage of   1  make good use of (a favourable circumstance) 利用(有利条件) 2  exploit or outwit (a person), esp. unfairly (尤指非正当地)捞好处，占(某人的)便宜 3 euphem.  seduce [婉]勾引，诱奸□ to advantage   in a way which exhibits the merits 显出优点，使优点突出  was seen to advantage  以优点示人□ turn to advantage   benefit from 从…得到好处；获益□ advantageous  /ædv(ə)nˈteidʒəs/ adj.  □ advantageously  /ædv(ə)nˈteidʒəsli/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French avantage, avantager, from avant ‘in front’ from Late Latin abante: see ADVANCE]

advection /ədˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n. Meteorol.  transfer of heat by the horizontal flow of air 【气】水平对流，移流 □ advective  adj.   [Latin advectio from advehere (as AD-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

Advent /ˈædv(ə)nt, -vent/ n.  1  the season before Christmas, including the four preceding Sundays 降临节(圣诞节前包括 4 个星期日的期间) 2  the coming or second coming of Christ (耶稣基督的)降临；再临 3 (作 advent)  the arrival of esp. an important person or thing (尤指重要的人或物)到来，出现 [Old English via Old French advent, auvent from Latin adventus ‘arrival’, from advenire (as AD-, venire vent- ‘come’)]

Advent calendar n.  a calendar for Advent, usu. made of card with flaps to open each day to reveal a picture, scene, or small gift 降临节日历(通常由可撕开的小卡做成，每天打开一个，内有图片或小礼物)

Adventist /ˈædv(ə)ntist/ n.  a member of a Christian sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ 基督降临派成员(相信耶稣基督即将再度降临的基督教派人士) □ Adventism  n.  

adventitious /ædv(ə)nˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  accidental, casual 偶然的 2  added from outside 外来的；附加的 3 Biol.  formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position 【生】偶发的(或在一种不寻常的解剖位置上形成的) 4 Law (of property) coming from a stranger or by collateral succession rather than directly 【法律】(指财产从陌生人或通过旁系亲属继承而)偶然获得的，非直接继承的 □ adventitiously  adv.   [Latin adventicius (as ADVENT)]

Advent Sunday n.  the first Sunday in Advent 降临节的第一个星期日

adventure /ədˈventʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unusual and exciting experience 不平凡而富于刺激性的经历 2  a daring enterprise; a hazardous activity 大胆的事业；冒险的活动 3  enterprise 事业；进取  the spirit of adventure  进取的精神 4  a commercial speculation (商业上的)投机 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 into, upon)  dare to go or come 大胆进行；敢于 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  dare to undertake 敢于承担 3  incur risk; engage in adventure 招致危险；历险 □ adventuresome  adj.   [Middle English via Old French aventure (n.), aventurer (v.) from Latin adventurus ‘about to happen’ (as ADVENT)]

adventure playground n. Brit.  a playground where children are provided with functional materials for climbing on, building with, etc. [英] (儿童的)历险娱乐场(常有攀登架、大型积木等)

adventurer /ədˈventʃ(ə)rə/ n. (fem. adventuress /-(ə)ris/)  1  a person who seeks adventure, esp. for personal gain or enjoyment 冒险家(尤指为个人获利或娱乐) 2  a financial speculator 经济投机者，投机商 [French aventurier (as ADVENTURE)]

adventurism /ədˈventʃəriz(ə)m/ n.  a tendency to take risks, esp. in foreign policy (尤指外交政策上的)冒险主义 □ adventurist  n.  

adventurous /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  rash, venturesome; enterprising 鲁莽的，大胆的；进取的 2  characterized by adventures 带有冒险性的 □ adventurously  adv.  □ adventurousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French aventuros (as ADVENTURE)]

adverb /ˈædvɜ:b/ n.  a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies another word (esp. an adjective, verb, or other adverb) or a word-group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g. 例如 gently 轻轻地 , quite 相当地 , then 那时 , there 在那里) 副词 □ adverbial  /ədˈvɜ:biəl/ adj.   [French adverbe or Latin adverbium (as AD-, VERB)]

adversarial /ædvəˈsɛəriəl/ adj.  1  involving conflict or opposition 引起冲突或对立的 2  opposed, hostile 反对的；敌对的 [ADVERSARY + -IAL]

adversary /ˈædvəs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an enemy 敌人 2  an opponent in a sport or game; an antagonist (体育或游戏中的)对手；敌手 [Middle English via Old French adversarie from Latin adversarius, from adversus: see ADVERSE]

adversative /ədˈvɜ:sətiv/ adj. (of words etc.) expressing opposition or antithesis (词等)反意的，对比的 [French adversatif -ive or Late Latin adversativus, from adversari ‘oppose’ from adversus: see ADVERSE]

adverse /ˈædvɜ:s/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  contrary, hostile 相反的；不利的；敌对的 2  hurtful, injurious 有害的；致伤的 □ adversely  adv.  □ adverseness  n.   [Middle English via Old French advers from Latin adversus, past part. of advertere (as AD-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

adversity /ədˈvɜ:siti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of adverse fortune 厄运，逆境 2  a misfortune 不幸，灾祸 [Middle English via Old French adversité from Latin adversitas -tatis (as ADVERSE)]

advert1 /ˈædvɜ:t/ n. Brit. colloq.  an advertisement [英口]广告 [abbreviation]

advert2 /ədˈvɜ:t/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) literary  refer in speaking or writing [文学用语]言及，论及 [Middle English via Old French a(d)vertir from Latin advertere: see ADVERSE]

advertise /ˈædvətaiz/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  draw attention to or describe favourably (goods, services, or vacant positions) in a public medium in order to sell, promote sales, or seek exployees (为商业促销而)作广告，登广告 2 tr.  make generally or publicly known 宣传，宣扬 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek by public notice, esp. in a newspaper (尤指在报纸上)登广告(寻找) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  notify 通知，告知 □ advertiser  n.   [Middle English from Old French a(d)vertir (stem advertiss-): see ADVERT2]

advertisement /ədˈvɜ:tizm(ə)nt, -tis-/ n.  1  a  a public notice or announcement, esp. one advertising goods or services in newspapers, on posters, or in broadcasts 广告b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) colloq.  a person or thing regarded as a means of conveying the merits or demerits of something [口]对某事的优点或缺点起宣传作用的人(或物)，活广告  he's a good advertisement for a healthy lifestyle  他真是健康生活方式的活广告 2  the act or process of advertising 广告节目行为或过程 3 archaic  a notice to readers in a book etc. [古义] (书上等的)告读者 [earlier avert- from French avertissement (as ADVERTISE)]

advertorial /ædvɜ:ˈtɔ:riəl/ n.  an advertisement in the style of editorial comment 评论式广告，论述性广告 [blend of ADVERTISEMENT and EDITORIAL]

advice /ədˈvais/ n.  1  words given or offered as an opinion or recommendation about future action or behaviour 建议，指教 2  information given; news 信息；新闻 3  formal notice of a transaction (交易的)正式通知 4 (in pl. 用复数)  communications from a distance (远地来的)消息 □ take advice   1  obtain advice, esp. from an expert 听取(尤指专家的)建议 2  act according to advice given 按照建议行事，听从建议 [Middle English, in the sense ‘point of view, opinion (given)’, via Old French avis from Latin ad ‘to’ + visum, past part. of vidēre ‘see’]

advisable /ədˈvaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a course of action etc.) to be recommended; expedient (行动方针)可取的，明智的，适当的 □ advisability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ advisably  adv.  

advise /ədˈvaiz/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  give advice to 向…提出忠告，提建议 2 tr.  recommend; offer as advice 劝告；建议  they advise caution  他们建议谨慎一些 advised me to rest  建议我休息 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  inform, notify 告知，通知 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) US  consult [美]协商；咨询 [Middle English, in the sense ‘look at, consider’, via Old French aviser from Latin (as AD- + visare, frequentative of vidēre ‘see’)]

advised /ədˈvaizd/ adj.  1  judicious, prudent 明智的，审慎的 2  deliberate, considered 经过考虑的，深思熟虑的 □ advisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  

adviser /ədˈvaizə/ n. (also disp. [亦异议] advisor)  a person who advises, esp. one appointed to do so and regularly consulted 顾问；咨询者(尤指指定的和经常性的)■Usage 用法说明 The variant form advisor is fairly common, but is considered incorrect by some people. Its spelling is probably influenced by the adjective advisory. 变体形式 advisor 可能是受形容词 advisory 的影响而出现的，十分常见，但有人认为不规范。 

advisory /ədˈvaiz(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  giving advice; constituted to give advice 顾问的，咨询的  an advisory body  顾问班子 2  consisting in giving advice 关于建议的，提出建议的 ●n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer.  an advisory statement, esp. a warning about bad weather or potential danger [北美] (尤指关于恶劣天气或潜在危险的)告诫，警告

advocaat /ˈædvəkɑ:, -kɑ:t/ n.  a liqueur of eggs, sugar, and brandy 荷兰蛋酒(一种鸡蛋、糖和白兰地的混合饮料) [Dutch, = ADVOCATE (being originally an advocate's drink)]

advocacy /ˈædvəkəsi/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  verbal support or argument for a cause, policy, etc. 拥护，鼓吹，倡导，主张 2  the function of an advocate 鼓吹(作用)，辩护(作用) [Middle English via Old French a(d)vocacie from medieval Latin advocatia (as ADVOCATE)]

advocate n. & v. ●n. /ˈædvəkət/  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who supports or speaks in favour 鼓吹者，主张者 2  a person who pleads for another 拥护者，鼓吹者 3  a  a professional pleader in a court of justice (法庭上的)辩护人，律师b Sc.  a barrister [苏格兰]法庭律师，出庭律师 ●v. tr. /ˈædvəkeit/  1  recommend or support by argument (a cause, policy, etc.) 倡导，主张(某项事业、政策等) 2  plead for, defend 辩护，抗辩 □ advocateship  n.   [Middle English via Old French avocat from Latin advocatus, past part. of advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

advowson /ədˈvaʊz(ə)n/ n. Brit. (in ecclesiastical law) the right of recommending a member of the Anglican clergy for a vacant benefice, or of making the appointment [英] (教会法律中)圣职推荐权；圣职任命权 [Middle English via Anglo-French a(d)voweson and Old French avoeson from Latin advocatio -onis (as ADVOCATE)]

advt. abbr. [缩略]  advertisement 

adytum /ˈæditəm/ n. (pl. adyta /-tə/)  the innermost part of an ancient temple (古庙的)中心部位；内殿，密室 [Latin from Greek aduton, neut. of adutos ‘impenetrable’ (as A-1, duō ‘enter’)]

adze /ædz/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] adz) ●n.  a tool like an axe with an arched blade at right angles to the handle, used for cutting away the surface of wood 扁斧；锛子 ●v. tr.  dress or cut with an adze 用扁斧(或锛子)削 [Old English adesa]

adzuki /ədˈzu:ki/ n. (in full 全称 adzuki bean) (also 亦作 adsuki, aduki /əˈdu:ki/, azuki /əˈzu:ki/)  1  an annual leguminous plant, Vigna angularis, native to China and Japan (原产于中国和日本的)小豆株，赤豆株 2  the small round dark red edible bean of this plant 小豆，赤豆 [Japanese azuki]

-ae /i:/ suffix  forming plural nouns, used in names of animal and plant families, tribes, etc.  Felidae  猫科 Rosaceae  蔷薇科 and instead of -as in the plural of many non-naturalized or unfamiliar nouns in -a derived from Latin or Greek  larvae  幼虫 actiniae  海葵 构成动物及植物科、族名称的复数形式；或代替 -as 构成以 -a 结尾的拉丁或希腊非中性或罕用名词的复数形式 [pl. -ae of Latin nouns ending in -a or pl. ending -ai of some Greek nouns]

aedile /ˈi:dail/ n. Rom. Hist.  either of a pair of Roman magistrates who administered public works, maintenance of roads, public games, the corn-supply, etc. [罗马]【史】(古罗马主管公共工程、道路维护、娱乐游戏、谷物供应等的)市政官 □ aedileship  n.   [Latin aedilis ‘concerned with buildings’ from aedes ‘building’]

AEEU abbr.  Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union [缩略]工程及电气联合会

aegis /ˈi:dʒis/ n.  a protection; an impregnable defence 保护；(攻不破的)防卫 □ under the aegis of   under the auspices of 在…的庇护下；由…赞助 [Latin from Greek aigis, the mythical shield of Zeus or Athene]

aegrotat /aiˈɡrə(ʊ)tæt, ˈi:-, i:ˈɡrə(ʊ)-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a certificate that a university student is too ill to attend an examination (大学里给因病不能参加考试的学生的)疾病诊断书 2  an examination pass awarded in such circumstances (根据疾病诊断书授与学生的)考试合格证书 [Latin, = is sick from aeger ‘sick’]

-aemia /ˈi:miə/ comb. form (also 亦作 -haemia /ˈhi:miə/, US [美] -emia, -hemia /ˈhi:miə/)  forming nouns denoting that a substance is (esp. excessively) present in the blood (bacteriaemia 细菌血症 ; pyaemia 脓血症) [构词成分]表示血液中(尤指超量)含有某种物质 [modern Latin, from Greek -aimia from haima ‘blood’]

aeolian /i:ˈəʊliən/ adj. (US [美] eolian)  wind-borne 风成的 [Latin Aeolius from Aeolus, the name of the god of the winds, from Greek Aiolos]

aeolian harp n.  a stringed instrument or toy that produces musical sounds when the wind passes through it 风弦琴(一种弦乐器或玩具，当有风穿过时会发出乐声)

Aeolian mode /i:ˈəʊliən/ n. Mus.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale A － A 【音】 A 至 A 全音阶调式，伊奥利安调式 [Latin Aeolius ‘from Aeolis’ (in Asia Minor), from Greek Aiolis]

aeon /ˈi:ən/ n. (also 亦作 eon)  1  a very long or indefinite period 长期，极长的时间；万古 2  an age of the universe 宇宙年代 3 Astron.  a thousand million years 【天】 10 亿年 4  an eternity 永恒，永远 5 Philos. (in Neoplatonism, Platonism, and Gnosticism) a power existing from eternity; an emanation or phase of the supreme deity 【哲】(新柏拉图主义、柏拉图哲学、诺斯替教中)来自永恒的力量；神授的思想或灵感 [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek aiōn ‘age’]

aerate /ˈɛəreit/ v. tr.  1  charge (a liquid) with a gas, esp. carbon dioxide, e.g. to produce effervescence 往(液体中)充气(尤指充入二氧化碳，例如使冒泡) 2  expose to the mechanical or chemical action of the air 使暴露于空气(的机械或化学作用)中，使通气 □ aeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ aerator  n.   [Latin aer AIR + -ATE3, influenced by French aérer]

aerenchyma /ɛəˈreŋkimə/ n. Bot.  a soft plant tissue containing air spaces, found esp. in many aquatic plants 【植】(尤指许多水生植物的)通气组织 [Greek aēr ‘air’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’]

aerial /ˈɛəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  a metal rod, wire, or other structure by which signals are transmitted or received as part of a radio or television transmission or receiving system (无线电或电视机的)天线 ●adj.  1  by or from or involving aircraft (与飞机有关的)航空的；空中的  aerial navigation  空中导航 aerial photography  空中摄影 2  a  existing, moving, or happening in the air 空气中的；在空中的b  of or in the atmosphere; atmospheric 大气中的，大气层的 3  a  thin as air; ethereal 空气般稀薄的；缥缈的b  immaterial, imaginary 非实体的；想像的c  of air; gaseous 空气的；气体的，气态的 □ aeriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ aerially  adv.   [Latin aerius from Greek aerios, from aēr ‘air’]

aerialist /ˈɛəriəlist/ n.  a high-wire or trapeze artist 高空杂技师

aerial torpedo  see 见 TORPEDO n. 1b 

aerie var.  of EYRIE  EYRIE 的变体

aero- /ˈɛərəʊ/ comb. form [构词形式]  1  air 空气 2  aircraft 航空器 [Greek aero- from aēr ‘air’]

aerobatics /ɛərəˈbætiks/ n. pl.  feats of expert and usu. spectacular flying and manoeuvring of aircraft (通常指飞机)特技，特技飞行 [AERO- + ACROBATICS]

aerobe /ˈɛərəʊb/ n.  a micro-organism usu. growing in the presence of air, or needing oxygen for growth (通常生长于空气中的)好氧性微生物，需氧菌 [French aérobie (as AERO-, Greek bios ‘life’)]

aerobic /ɛəˈrəʊbik/ adj.  1  of or relating to aerobics 增氧健身法的 2 Biol.  relating to or requiring free oxygen 【生】好氧的，需氧的

aerobics /ɛəˈrəʊbiks/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  vigorous exercises designed to increase the body's oxygen intake 加身体吸氧的健身法，有氧运动

aerobiology /ˌɛərə(ʊ)baiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of airborne micro-organisms, pollen, spores, etc., esp. as agents of infection 空气生物学，高空生物学(尤指对花粉、孢子等传染媒介的研究)

aerodrome /ˈɛərədrəʊm/ n. Brit.  a small airport or airfield [英]小型机场■Usage 用法说明 Aerodrome has now been largely replaced by airfield and airport. 词语 aerodrome 现已基本被 airfield 和 airport 取代。 

aerodynamics /ˌɛərə(ʊ)daiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it 空气动力学，气体力学 □ aerodynamic  adj.  □ aerodynamically  adv.  □ aerodynamicist  /-sist/ n.  

aero-engine /ˈɛərəʊˌendʒin/ n. Brit.  an engine used to power an aircraft [英]飞行器引擎

aerofoil /ˈɛərəfɔil/ n. Brit.  a structure with curved surfaces (e.g. a wing, fin, or tailplane) designed to give lift in flight [英] (使飞行上升的)空气动力面(如翅、鳍、水平尾翼等)

aerogramme /ˈɛərəɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 aerogram)  an air letter in the form of a single sheet that is folded and sealed (单页折封的)航空信件

aerolite /ˈɛərəlait/ n.  a stony meteorite 陨石

aerology /ɛəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the atmosphere, esp. away from ground level 高空气象学 □ aerological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

aeronautics /ɛərəˈnɔ:tiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science or practice of motion or travel in the air 航空学，航空术 □ aeronautic  adj.  □ aeronautical  adj.   [modern Latin aeronautica (as AERO-, NAUTICAL)]

aeronomy /ɛəˈrɒnəmi/ n.  the science of the upper atmosphere 高层大气物理学

aeroplane /ˈɛərəplein/ n. esp. Brit.  a powered heavier-than-air flying vehicle with fixed wings [尤英]飞机 [French aéroplane (as AERO-, PLANE1)]

aerosol /ˈɛərəsɒl/ n.  1  a  a substance packed under pressure, usu. with a propellant gas, and able to be released as a fine spray 气雾剂，气溶胶b  a container holding such a substance 气雾剂罐，气雾器 2  a system of colloidal particles dispersed in a gas (e.g. fog or smoke) 气雾，气溶胶雾；烟雾 [AERO- + SOL2]

aerospace /ˈɛərəspeis/ n.  1  the earth's atmosphere and outer space 航空航天空间(指地球大气层及其以外的空间) 2  the technology of aviation in this region 航空航天技术

aerostat /ˈɛərəstæt/ n.  an airship or balloon, esp. a tethered balloon 航空器(尤指热气球)，飞艇 [French aérostat (as AERO- + Greek statos ‘standing’)]

aerotowing /ˈɛərəʊˌtəʊiŋ/ n.  the towing of a glider etc. by a powered aircraft 空中牵引(滑翔机等)

aerotrain /ˈɛərəʊˌtrein/ n.  a train that is supported on an air cushion and guided by a track 轨道气垫火车 [French aérotrain (as AERO-, TRAIN)]

Aesculapian /i:skjʊˈleipiən/ adj.  of or relating to medicine or physicians 医药的，医学的 [Latin Aesculapius from Greek Asklēpios, the name of the god of medicine]

aesthete /ˈi:sθi:t, ˈes-/ n. (US also [美亦] esthete)  a person who has or professes to have a special appreciation of beauty 审美学家；唯美主义者 [Greek aisthētēs ‘a person who perceives’, or from AESTHETIC]

aesthetic /i:sˈθetik, es-/ adj. & n. (US also [美亦] esthetic) ●adj.  1  concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty 美学的；审美的 2  having such appreciation; sensitive to beauty 具有美感的，有品位的 3  in accordance with the principles of good taste 符合美学原理的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the philosophy of the beautiful, esp. in art 美学 2  a set of principles of good taste and the appreciation of beauty (审)美学原理 □ aesthetically  adv.  □ aestheticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek aisthētikos from aisthanomai ‘perceive’]

aesthetician /i:sθəˈtiʃ(ə)n, es-/ n. (US also [美亦] esthetician)  1  a person versed in or devoted to aesthetics 美学家 2 N. Amer.  a beautician [北美]美容师

aestival /ˈi:stiv(ə)l, i:ˈstaiv(ə)l; ˈe-, e-/ adj. (US [美] estival) formal  belonging to or appearing in summer [正式]夏天的，夏季出现的 [Middle English via Old French estival from Latin aestivalis, from aestivus from aestus ‘heat’]

aestivate /ˈi:stiveit, ˈest-/ v. intr. (US [美] estivate)  1 Zool.  spend the summer or dry season in a state of torpor 【动】(夏天或旱季)夏眠 2 formal  pass the summer [正式]过夏天，度夏 [Latin aestivare aestivat-]

aestivation /i:stiˈveiʃ(ə)n, est-/ n. (US [美] estivation)  1 Bot.  the arrangement of petals in a flower bud before it opens (cf. 参见 VERNATION) 【植】花被卷叠式 2 Zool.  spending the summer or dry season in a state of torpor 【动】(夏天或旱季)夏眠

aet. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 aetat.) aetatis  

aetatis /aiˈtɑ:tis, i:-/ adj.  of or at the age of …岁的，在…岁时的 [Latin]

aether var.  of ETHER  2, 3 ETHER 2 和 3 的变体

aetiology /i:tiˈɒlədʒi/ n. (US [美] etiology)  1  the assignment of a cause or reason 原因的说明；追本溯源 2  the study of causation 原因论 3 Med.  the causation of diseases and disorders, esp. of a specific disease, as a subject of investigation 【医】病因学；病源论 □ aetiologic  /-əˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ aetiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ aetiologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin aetiologia from Greek aitiologia, from aitia ‘cause’]

AEU abbr. hist. (in the UK) Amalgamated Engineering Union [缩略] [史义] (英国)工程协会

AF abbr. [缩略]  audio frequency 

af- /æf, əf/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before f (位于 f 之前) AD- 的同化形式

afar /əˈfɑ:/ adv.  at or to a distance 在远处；向远处 □ from afar   from a distance 从远处，来自远方 [Middle English from A-2, A-4 + FAR]

AFC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Air Force Cross (英国)空军十字勋章 2 (in the UK) Association Football Club (英国)足球俱乐部

AFDCS abbr. (in the UK) Association of First Division Civil Servants (cf. 参见 FDA) [缩略]公务员协会

affable /ˈæfəb(ə)l/ adj.  friendly, good-natured 友善的，和蔼可亲的 □ affability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ affably  adv.   [French from Latin affabilis, from affari (as AD-, fari ‘speak’)]

affair /əˈfɛə/ n.  1  a concern; a business; a matter to be attended to 事务，事情；商务  that is my affair  那是我的事情 2  a  a celebrated or notorious happening or sequence of events 社会轶闻；丑闻b colloq.  a noteworthy thing or event [口]事件，事  was a puzzling affair  是一桩让人很困惑的事 3  = LOVE AFFAIR  4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  ordinary pursuits of life 营生，日常工作b  business dealings 商务c  public matters 公共事务；公众话题  current affairs  当前事态 [Middle English via Anglo-French afere from Old French afaire, from ɑˋ faire ‘to do’: cf. ADO]

affaire /æˈfɛə/ n. (also 亦作 affaire de or du cœur /æˌfɛə də, dy ˈkɜ:/)  a love affair 爱情故事，风流韵事 [French]

affairé /æˈfɛərei, 法 afere/ adj.  busy; involved 忙碌的；卷入的 [French]

affect1 /əˈfekt/ v. tr.  1  a  produce an effect on 影响，妨碍  their business was not affected by the recession  他们的生意没有受到经济衰退的影响b (of a disease etc.) attack (疾病等)侵袭；危害  his liver is affected  他的肝脏受到了损害 2  move; touch the feelings of 感动；感染  affected me deeply  使我深受感动 □ affecting  adj.  □ affectingly  adv.   [French affecter or Latin afficere affect- ‘influence’ (as AD-, facere ‘do’)]■Usage 用法说明 Affect should not be confused with effect which means ‘to bring about, to accomplish’, e.g. The government effected great changes. Note also that effect is commonly used as a noun as well as a verb. 注意不要将 affect 和 effect 混淆；后者的意思是“促成，实现”等，如 The government effected great changes (政府实行了巨大改革)。另外， effect 通常既作名词也作动词使用。 

affect2 /əˈfekt/ v. tr.  1  pretend to have or feel 装作，假装  affected indifference  装作若无其事 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  pretend 假装做… 3  assume the character or manner of; pose as 冒充；模仿  affect the freethinker  冒充自由思想家 4  make a show of liking or using 喜欢炫耀；喜欢使用(或穿戴)…  she affects fancy hats  她喜欢戴奇形怪状的帽子 [French affecter or Latin affectare ‘aim at’, frequentative of afficere (as AFFECT1)]

affect3 /ˈæfekt/ n. Psychol.  an emotion, a feeling, or a desire, esp. as leading to action 【心】(尤指导致行动的)情绪；感情；欲望 [German Affekt from Latin affectus ‘disposition’, from afficere (as AFFECT1)]

affectation /æfekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an assumed or contrived manner of behaviour, esp. in order to impress 做作；虚饰 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a studied display 炫耀，故弄玄虚 3  pretence 装假，假装 [French affectation or Latin affectatio (as AFFECT2)]

affected /əˈfektid/ adj.  1  in senses of AFFECT1, AFFECT2 用于 AFFECT1 和 AFFECT2 的各释义 2  artificially assumed or displayed; pretended 假的，装出的  an affected air of innocence  装出清白无辜的样子 3 (of a person) full of affectation; artificial (人)虚伪的，矫揉造作的 4 (prec. by 前接 adv.; often foll. by 常后跟 towards) archaic  disposed, inclined [古义]有意于…的；倾向于…的 □ affectedly  adv.  

affection /əˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, towards)  goodwill; fond or kindly feeling 好感；钟爱 2  a disease; a diseased condition 疾病；患病的身体状况 3  a mental state; an emotion 情绪，心情；情感 4  a mental disposition 态度；倾向 5  the act or process of affecting or being affected 影响，妨碍；作用 □ affectional  adj. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin affectio -onis (as AFFECT1)]

affectionate /əˈfekʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  loving, fond; showing love or tenderness 慈爱的；充满深情的 □ affectionately  adv.   [French affectionné or medieval Latin affectionatus (as AFFECTION)]

affective /əˈfektiv/ adj.  1  concerning the affections; emotional 情感的，感情的 2 Psychol.  relating to affects 【心】有关情绪的，情感的 □ affectivity  /æfekˈtiviti/ n.   [French affectif -ive from Late Latin affectivus (as AFFECT1)]

affenpinscher /ˈæfənpinʃə/ n.  1  a dog of a small breed resembling the griffon 猴猎狗(一种类似于向导犬的小型狗) 2  this breed 猴猎狗类犬 [German from Affe ‘monkey’ + Pinscher ‘terrier’]

afferent /ˈæf(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. Physiol.  conducting inwards or towards (opp. 反义 EFFERENT) 【生理】传入的，向心的；传导的  afferent nerves  传入神经 afferent vessels  内流血管 [Latin afferre (as AD-, ferre ‘bring’)]

affiance /əˈfaiəns/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) literary  promise solemnly to give (a person) in marriage [文学用语] (与某人正式)订婚 [Middle English via Old French afiancer from medieval Latin affidare (as AD-, fidus ‘trusty’)]

affiant /əˈfaiənt/ n. N. Amer.  a person who makes an affidavit [北美]立下誓书者 [French: see -ANT]

affidavit /æfiˈdeivit/ n.  a written statement confirmed by oath, for use as evidence in court (供法庭质证的)书面供词；宣誓书 [medieval Latin, = has stated on oath, from affidare: see AFFIANCE]

affiliate v. & n. ●v. /əˈfilieit/  1 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to, with)  attach or connect (a person or society) with a larger organization 使(某人或团体)附属于(一个更大的组织)；使与…有关 2 tr. (of an institution) adopt (persons as members, societies as branches) (某机构)接纳(某人或某团体)为成员 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  associate oneself with a society 与某团体联合b (foll. by 后跟 with)  associate oneself with a political party 与某党派联合 ●n. /əˈfiliət/  an affiliated person or organization 参与联合的人或团体 □ affiliative  /əˈfiliətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin affiliare ‘adopt’ (as AD-, filius ‘son’)]

affiliation /əfiliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or process of affiliating or being affiliated 加入，联合 [French from medieval Latin affiliatio, from affiliare: see AFFILIATE]

affiliation order n. Brit.  a legal order that the man judged to be the father of an illegitimate child must help to support it [英]非婚生子女生父确认令

affined /əˈfaind/ adj.  related, connected 姻亲的，联合的 [affine (adj.) from Latin affinis ‘related’: see AFFINITY]

affinity /əˈfiniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 between, for, or with)  a spontaneous or natural liking for or attraction to a person or thing 本性倾向，亲和力；吸引力 2  relationship, esp. by marriage (尤指婚姻的)联系，关系 3  resemblance in structure between animals, plants, or languages (不同动物、植物、语言等结构上的)相似之处 4  a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship; family likeness (体现出亲缘关系的)表征，相似特征 5 Chem.  the tendency of certain substances to combine with others 【化】亲和性，亲和力 [Middle English via Old French afinité from Latin affinitas -tatis, from affinis ‘related’, literally ‘bordering on’ (as AD- + finis ‘border’)]

affinity card n.  1  a discount card issued to members of an affinity group (向亲和团体成员提供的)优惠卡 2 (in the UK) a bank card for which the bank donates to a specific charity etc. a portion of the money spent using the card (英国)银行优惠卡(银行把使用此卡进行消费的一部份捐献给某慈善事业)

affinity group n.  a group of people linked by a common interest or purpose (由利益或目的相同的人组成的)亲和团体

affirm /əˈfɜ:m/ v.  1 tr.  assert strongly; state as a fact 断言；证实 2 intr.  a Law  make an affirmation 【法律】断定，肯定b  make a formal declaration 庄严宣布 3 tr. Law  confirm, ratify (a judgement) 【法律】确认，批准(某判决) □ affirmatory  adj.  □ affirmer  n.   [Middle English via Old French afermer from Latin affirmare (as AD-, firmus ‘strong’)]

affirmation /æfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of affirming or being affirmed 断言，肯定 2 Law  a solemn declaration by a person who conscientiously declines to take an oath 【法律】(有意不经宣誓而做出的)正式证词 [French affirmation or Latin affirmatio (as AFFIRM)]

affirmative /əˈfɜ:mətiv/ adj., n. & int. ●adj.  1  a  affirming; asserting that a thing is so 肯定的，断定的b Gram. (of a word, clause, etc.) stating that a fact is so; answering ‘yes’ to a question 【语法】(指单词、子句等)肯定的；对某个问题回答“是” 2 (of a vote) expressing approval (指选票)赞成的，同意的 ●n.  1  an affirmative statement or reply 肯定的答复 2 Gram.  a word or particle expressing affirmation 【语法】肯定词；肯定语 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a positive or affirming position 肯定的立场 ●int. esp. N. Amer.  yes [尤北美]赞同，赞成 □ in the affirmative   with affirmative effect; so as to accept or agree to a proposal; yes 以肯定方式；表示赞成  the answer was in the affirmative  回答是肯定的□ affirmatively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French affirmatif -ive from Late Latin affirmativus (as AFFIRM)]

affirmative action n. esp. N. Amer.  action favouring those who tend to suffer from discrimination; positive discrimination, esp. in recuitment to jobs [尤北美]倾向性行动，积极行动(尤指在招聘工作时倾向于雇用那些遭受歧视的人)

affix v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈfiks/  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, on)  attach, fasten 使附于，贴上 2  add in writing (a signature or postscript) 签署；加写(附言) 3  impress (a seal or stamp) 加盖(印章或邮戳) ●n. /ˈæfiks/  1  an appendage; an addition 附属物，添加物 2 Gram.  an addition or element placed at the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word (infix), to modify its meaning 【语法】词缀(前缀、后缀、中缀) □ affixation  /æfikˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French affixer, affixe or medieval Latin affixare, frequentative of Latin affigere (as AD-, figere fix- ‘fix’)]

afflatus /əˈfleitəs/ n.  a divine creative impulse; inspiration 神感，神明启示；灵感 [Latin, from afflare (as AD-, flare flat- ‘to blow’)]

afflict /əˈflikt/ v. tr.  inflict bodily or mental suffering on 使(肉体或精神上)痛苦，使苦恼；折磨 □ afflicted with   suffering from 受到…的折磨□ afflictive  adj.   [Middle English, from Latin afflictare or from Latin afflict-, past part. stem of affligere (as AD-, fligere flict- ‘dash’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INFLICT. 见 INFLICT 的用法说明。 

affliction /əˈflikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  physical or mental distress, esp. pain or illness (肉体或精神上)痛苦(尤因疼痛或疾病) 2  a cause of this 使人痛苦的原因 [Middle English via Old French from Latin afflictio -onis (as AFFLICT)]

affluence /ˈæflʊəns/ n.  an abundant supply of money, commodities, etc.; wealth 富裕，富饶；富有 [Middle English via Old French from Latin affluentia, from affluere: see AFFLUENT]

affluent /ˈæflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wealthy, rich 富有的，富裕的 2  abundant 丰富的，富饶的 3  flowing freely or copiously 奔流的；大量涌出的 ●n.  a tributary stream 支流 □ affluently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin affluere (as AD-, fluere flux- ‘flow’)]

afflux /ˈæflʌks/ n.  a flow towards a point; an influx 流入，注入；汇集 [medieval Latin affluxus from Latin affluere: see AFFLUENT]

afford /əˈfɔ:d/ v. tr.  1 (prec. by 前接 can or be able to; often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  have enough money, means, time, etc., for; be able to spare 花得起，提供得起(金钱、办法、时间等)  can afford £ 50  可以出 50 镑 could not afford a holiday  没有钱度假 can we afford to buy a new television?  我们买得起新电视机吗？b  be in a position to do something (esp. without risk of adverse consequences) 有能力做，有条件做(尤指不会有不良后果)  can't afford to let him think so  可不能让他这样想 2  yield a supply of 产出，出产 3  provide 供给，提供  affords a view of the sea  可以看到大海的景色 □ affordable  adj.  □ affordability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English geforthian ‘promote’ (as Y-, FORTH), assimilated to words in AF-]

afforest /əˈfɒrist/ v. tr.  1  convert into forest 使变成森林 2  plant with trees 植树造林 □ afforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin afforestare (as AD-, foresta FOREST)]

affranchise /əˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/ v. tr.  release from servitude or an obligation 恢复自由；免除义务 [Old French afranchir (as ENFRANCHISE, with prefix A-3)]

affray /əˈfrei/ n.  a breach of the peace by fighting or rioting in public (在公共场所的)吵架，斗殴；滋事，闹事 [Middle English via Anglo-French afrayer (v.) and Old French esfreer from Romanic]

affricate /ˈæfrikət/ n. Phonet.  a combination of a plosive with an immediately following fricative or spirant, e.g. ch as in chair 【语音】塞擦音(如 chair 中的 ch) [Latin affricare (as AD-, fricare ‘rub’)]

affront /əˈfrʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  an open insult 当众侮辱，冒犯  feel it an affront  觉得是一种侮辱 offer an affront to  加以侮辱 ●v. tr.  1  insult openly 当众侮辱 2  offend the modesty or self-respect of 冒犯，不尊重 3  face, confront 面对；对抗，遭遇 [Middle English from Old French afronter ‘slap in the face, insult’, ultimately from Latin frons frontis ‘face’]

Afghan /ˈæfɡæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Afghanistan 阿富汗人b  a person of Afghan descent 阿富汗人后裔 2  the official language of Afghanistan ; also called 亦称作 PASHTO 阿富汗语 3 (作 afghan)  a knitted and sewn woollen blanket or shawl 阿富汗毛毯；阿富汗披肩 4 (in full 全称 Afghan coat) Brit.  a kind of sheepskin coat with the skin outside and usu. with a shaggy border [英]阿富汗式羊皮大衣(一种用羊皮制成的衣服，通常皮面朝外，边沿不整齐) ●adj.  of or relating to Afghanistan, its people, or its language 阿富汗的；阿富汗人的；阿富汗语的 [Pashto afghɑˉnī]

Afghan hound n.  1  a tall hunting dog of a breed with long silky hair 阿富汗猎犬(一种毛长而光亮的高个儿狗) 2  this breed 阿富汗猎犬种群

afghani /æfˈɡɑ:ni/ n. (pl. afghanis)  the chief monetary unit of Afghanistan 阿富汗尼(阿富汗主要货币单位) [Pashto]

Afghanistan   阿富汗

Afghanistani /æfˈgænistɑ:ni/ n.  阿富汗人

aficionado /æfisjəˈnɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a devotee of a sport or pastime (originally of bullfighting) (一种体育活动或娱乐的)狂热爱好者，迷恋者(源自斗牛) [Spanish]

afield /əˈfi:ld/ adv.  1  away from home; to or at a distance (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 far afield) 远离家乡；向远方；在远方 2  in the field 在野外，在原野 [Old English (as A2, FIELD)]

afire /əˈfaiə/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on fire 着火的 2  intensely roused or excited 异常兴奋的，异常激动的

aflame /əˈfleim/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in flames 燃烧的 2  = AFIRE 2 

aflatoxin /æfləˈtɒksin/ n. Chem.  any of a class of toxic compounds produced by the mould Aspergillus flavus, which cause liver damage and cancer 【化】黄霉毒素，黄曲霉素 [Aspergillus + flavus + TOXIN]

AFL-CIO abbr.  American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations [缩略]美国劳工联合会－产业工会联合会(劳联－产联)

afloat /əˈfləʊt/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  floating in water or air (在水面或空气中)漂(飘)浮着(的) 2  at sea; on board ship 在海上(的)；在船上(的) 3  out of debt or difficulty 无债务；无困难 4  in general circulation; current 在循环中；流通的，流传的 5  full of or covered with a liquid 充满液体；在液体包围之中 6  in full swing 正在全力进行中，正起劲 [Old English (as A2, FLOAT)]

AFM abbr. (in the UK) Air Force Medal [缩略] (英国)空军奖章

afoot /əˈfʊt/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in operation; progressing 在进行中；在进展中 2  astir; on the move 在活动；在移动中 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  on foot 步行，徒步  dismounted and went afoot  下马步行b  on one's feet 下地；站起  slow afoot  慢慢站起

afore /əˈfɔ:/ prep., conj. & adv. archaic or dial.  before; previously; in front (of) [古义] [方]在…之前；以前；在…前面 [Old English onforan (as A2, FORE)]

afore- /əˈfɔ:/ prefix  before, previously (aforementioned 如前所述 ; aforesaid 上述) 在前面；以前

aforethought /əˈfɔ:θɔ:t/ adj.  premeditated 事先考虑的，预谋的 following a noun 跟在名词后 : malice aforethought  蓄意害人

a fortiori /ei fɔ:tiˈɔ:rai/ adv. & adj.  with a yet stronger reason (than a conclusion already accepted); more conclusively (比已接受的结论)更有理由；更不用说 [Latin]

afoul /əˈfaʊl/ adv. (in phrs. 用于短语 fall afoul of, run afoul of) N. Amer.  foul (see 见 FALL, RUN) [北美]相互碰撞；相互冲突

afraid /əˈfreid/ predic. adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that or lest + clause)  alarmed, frightened 畏惧的，害怕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  unwilling or reluctant for fear of the consequences (因担心后果而)不敢，恐怕；不情愿，不愿意  was afraid to go in  不敢进入 □ be afraid  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause) colloq.  admit or declare with (real or politely simulated) regret [口] (表示礼貌)恐怕；遗憾的是  I'm afraid there's none left  恐怕一个也不剩了 [Middle English (past part. of obsolete verb affray), via Anglo-French afrayer from Old French esfreer]

A-frame /ˈeifreim/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a frame shaped like a capital letter A A 形框架， A 字型结构 2 N. Amer.  an A-frame house [北美] A 字型结构的房屋 [A1 + FRAME]

afreet /ˈæfri:t/ n. (also 亦作 afrit)  a demon in Arabian mythology (阿拉伯神话中的)魔鬼，恶魔 [Arabic ˈifrīt]

afresh /əˈfreʃ/ adv.  anew; with a fresh beginning 重新；再度 [A-2 + FRESH]

Africa /ˈæfrikə/ n.  非洲

African /ˈæfrik(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Africa (esp. a dark-skinned person) 非洲人 2  a person of African descent 非洲人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Africa 非州的 [Latin Africanus]

Africana /æfriˈkɑ:nə/ n. pl.  things connected with Africa 与非州有关的事物

African-American n. & adj. ●n.  a black American 非洲裔美国人，美国黑人 ●adj.  of or relating to black Americans 美国黑人的

Africander /æfriˈkændə/ n. (also 亦作 Afrikander)  one of a S. African breed of sheep or longhorn cattle 南非羊；南非长角牛 [Afrikaans Afrikaander, alteration of Dutch Afrikaner on the pattern of Hollander etc.]

African elephant n.  the elephant, Loxodonta africana, of Africa, which is larger than the Indian elephant 非洲象

Africanize /ˈæfrik(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make African in character 使非洲化 2  place under the control of African blacks 交由非洲黑人管理 3 (usu. as 通常作 Africanized adj.)  hybridize (honey bees) with African stock producing an aggressive strain 与原种非洲蜜蜂杂交(以产生一种攻击型蜜蜂) □ Africanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

African violet n.  a small E. African plant of the genus Saintpaulia, with heart-shaped velvety leaves and blue, purple, or pink flowers, esp. S. ionantha, a popular house plant Also called 亦称作 saintpaulia 非洲紫罗兰(一种常见的盆栽植物)

Afrikaans /æfriˈkɑ:ns/ n.  the language of the Afrikaner people developed from Dutch, an official language of the Republic of South Africa 南非荷兰语(南非共和国的官方语言之一) [Dutch, = African]

Afrikander var.  of AFRICANDER  AFRICANDER 的变体

Afrikaner /æfriˈkɑ:nə/ n.  1  an Afrikaans-speaking white person in S. Africa, esp. one of Dutch descent 南非白人(尤指荷兰人后裔) 2  a S. African species of Gladiolus or Homoglossum 南非唐菖蒲(南非的一种剑兰或唐菖蒲属植物) [Afrikaans from Dutch: see AFRICANDER]

afrit var.  of AFREET  AFREET 的变体

Afro /ˈæfrəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a hairstyle) long and bushy, as naturally grown by some blacks (指发型)埃弗罗式的(一些黑人自然长成的长而蓬松的发式) ●n. (pl. -os)  an Afro hairstyle 埃弗罗发型 [AFRO-, or abbreviation of AFRICAN]

Afro- /ˈæfrəʊ/ comb. form  African (Afro-Asian 亚非的) [构词成分]非洲的，来自非洲的 [Latin Afer Afr- ‘African’]

Afro-American /æfrəʊəˈmerik(ə)n/ adj. & n.  = AFRICAN-AMERICAN 

Afro-Caribbean /ˌæfrəʊkæriˈbi:ən, -kəˈribiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person of African descent living in or coming from the Caribbean (来自)加勒比地区的非洲人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Afro-Caribbeans 加勒比非洲裔的

Afrocentric /æfrəʊˈsentrik/ adj.  centring on African or Afro-American culture; regarding African or black culture as pre-eminent 崇尚非洲文化或美国黑人文化的；非洲文化或黑人文化中心论的 [AFRO- + -CENTRIC]

afrormosia /æfrɔ:ˈməʊziə/ n.  1  an African tree, Pericopsis (formerly [旧指] Afrormosia) elata, yielding a hardwood resembling teak and used for furniture 非洲红豆树 2  this wood 非洲红豆木 [modern Latin from AFRO- + Ormosia, a related genus]

aft /ɑ:ft/ adv. Naut. & Aeron.  at or towards the stern or tail 【海】【空】在船(机)尾；向船(机)尾 [probably from Middle English baft: see ABAFT]

after /ˈɑ:ftə/ prep., conj., adv. & adj. ●prep.  1  a  following in time; later than 在…之后；晚于  after six months  6 个月以后 after midnight  午夜以后 day after day  日复一日b N. Amer.  in specifying time [北美]表示具体时间  a quarter after eight  8 点 1 刻 2 (with causal force) in view of (something that happened shortly before) (表原因)鉴于(刚刚发生的事情)，既然  after your behaviour tonight what do you expect?  鉴于你今晚的表现，你还期望什么？ 3 (with concessive force) in spite of (表让步)尽管  after all my efforts I'm no better off  尽管我那么努力，可我的经济状况还是不好 4  behind 在…后面，身后  shut the door after you  把门带上 5  in pursuit or quest of 跟随，追赶；追求  run after them  追赶他们 enquire after him  向他询问 hanker after it  求根问底 is after a job  在找工作 6  about, concerning 关于，至于  asked after her  询问她的情况 asked after her health  询问她的健康 7  in allusion to 暗指，喻指  named him William after the prince  按王子的名字给他取名威廉 8  in imitation of (a person, word, etc.) 模仿，效法(某人、某个词等)  a painting after Rubens  模仿鲁本斯的画 ‘aesthete’ is formed after ‘athlete’  ‘aesthete’ 是仿照 ‘athlete’ 构成的 9  next in importance to 次之，其次  the best book on the subject after mine  有关该论题仅次于我那本的最好的书 10  according to 根据；按照  after a fashion  勉强，马马虎虎 ●conj.  in or at a time later than that when (时间上)在…之后  left after they arrived  在他们来到以后离开 ●adv.  1  later in time 以后，后来  soon after  不久以后 a week after  一周以后 2  behind in place (位置上)在…之后  followed on after  跟在后面 look before and after  前后张望 ●adj.  1  later, following 事后的，后来的  in after years  在后来的几年中 2 Naut.  nearer the stern 【海】靠近船尾部的  after cabins  后舱 after mast  后桅杆 after-peak  船尾 □ after all   1  in spite of all that has happened or has been said etc. 总之，终归  after all, what does it matter?  说到底，这有什么关系？ 2  in spite of one's exertions, expectations, etc. 终于，毕竟  they tried for an hour and failed after all  他们尝试了一个小时，最后还是失败了 so you have come after all!  你总算来了！□ after one's own heart   see 见 HEART □ after you   a formula used in offering precedence 你先请(让人先行的套话) [Old English œfter, from Germanic]

afterbirth /ˈɑ:ftəbɜ:θ/ n.  the placenta and foetal membranes discharged from the womb after the birth of offspring (分娩以后的)胎盘，胎衣

afterburner /ˈɑ:ftəˌbɜ:nə/ n.  an auxiliary burner in a jet engine to increase thrust (喷射引擎等的)补燃装置

aftercare /ˈɑ:ftəkɛə/ n.  1  care of a patient after a stay in hospital or of a person on release from prison (病人出院后的)后期护理；(犯人出狱后的)释放后安置 2  a  subsequent care or maintenance 后续护理(维护)  tips for aftercare  后续护理须知b  support or advice offered to a customer following the purchase of a product or service (顾客购买商品或接受服务后的)后续支持；后续指导

afterdamp /ˈɑ:ftədæmp/ n.  choking gas left after an explosion of firedamp in a mine (煤矿甲烷气体爆炸以后的)剩余毒气，余留毒气

after-effect n.  an effect that follows after an interval or after the primary action of something 事后影响，余波；后作用，后效

afterglow /ˈɑ:ftəɡləʊ/ n.  1  a light or radiance remaining after its source has disappeared or been removed 余光，余辉；晚霞，夕照 2  a pleasant feeling remaining after a pleasurable experience 美好经历后的愉快回味

after-hours attrib. adj.  taking place after normal hours 业余时间的；规定时间以后的

after-image n.  an image retained by a sense organ, esp. the eye, and producing a sensation after the cessation of the stimulus (在刺激停止以后给感官、尤其是眼睛留下的)余像，残留影像

afterlife /ˈɑ:ftəlaif/ n.  1 Relig.  life after death 【宗】来世 2  life at a later time 晚年，余生

aftermarket /ˈɑ:ftəˌmɑ:kit/ n.  1  a market in spare parts and components 零部件市场 2 Stock Exch.  a market in shares after their original issue 【股】(股票发行以后的)股权交易市场

aftermath /ˈɑ:ftəmæθ/ n.  1  consequences or after-effects, esp. when unpleasant (尤指不愉快的)后果，余波；善后工作  the aftermath of war  战争的余波 2 dial.  new grass growing after mowing or after a harvest [方] (割后又长出来的)再生草 [AFTER adj. + math ‘mowing’ (Old English mœth, from Germanic)]

aftermost /ˈɑ:ftəməʊst/ adj. Naut.  furthest aft 【海】最尾部 [AFTER adj. + -MOST]

afternoon /ɑ:ftəˈnu:n/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the time from noon or lunchtime to evening 下午，午后  this afternoon  今天下午 during the afternoon  在下午 afternoon tea  下午茶 2  this time spent in a particular way 以某种方式度过的下午  had a lazy afternoon  闲散了一下午 3  a time compared with this, esp. the later part of something (比喻用法)后半段  the afternoon of life  生命后期 ●int. colloq.  = good afternoon (see 见 GOOD adj. 14) [口]下午好

afterpains /ˈɑ:ftəpeinz/ n. pl.  pains caused by contraction of the womb after childbirth 产后痛，产后阵痛

afters /ˈɑ:ftəz/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  the course following the main course of a meal; dessert [英口]正餐之后的一道食品；甜食

after-school attrib. adj.  taking place after normal school hours 放学以后的，放学后发生的

aftershave /ˈɑ:ftəʃeiv/ n.  an astringent lotion for use after shaving 剃须后用的润肤霜

aftershock /ˈɑ:ftəʃɒk/ n.  a lesser shock following the main shock of an earthquake (地震之后的)余震

aftertaste /ˈɑ:ftəteist/ n.  a taste remaining or recurring after eating or drinking (吃或喝之后的)余味，回味

afterthought /ˈɑ:ftəθɔ:t/ n.  an item or thing that is thought of or added later 事后才想到(或加上)的

afterwards /ˈɑ:ftəwədz/ adv. (US also [美亦] afterward /-wəd/)  later, subsequently 然后，事后，后来 [Old English æfterwearde (adj.) from æftan AFT + -WARD]

afterword /ˈɑ:ftəwɜ:d/ n.  concluding remarks in a book, esp. by a person other than its author (书末的)编后记(尤指非作者本人所写的)

Ag1 /æɡ/ symb. Chem.  the element silver [符]【化】(化学元素)银 [Latin argentum]

Ag2 abbr. [缩略]  antigen 

ag- /æɡ, əɡ/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before g (在 g 之前) AD- 的同化形式

Aga /ˈɑ:ɡə/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of heavy heat-retaining cooking stove or range burning solid fuel or powered by gas, oil, or electricity, and intended for continuous heating [英] [商标]阿加炉具(一种大型储热式炉具) [Swedish, from Svenska Aktienbolaget Gasackumulator (Swedish Gas Accumulator Company), the original manufacturer]

aga /ˈɑ:ɡə/ n. (in Muslim countries, esp. under the Ottoman Empire) a commander; a chief (尤指奥斯曼帝国统治下穆斯林国家的)阿迦；统帅，将军 [Turkish aɡˇa ‘master’]

again /əˈɡen, əˈɡein/ adv.  1  another time; once more 再，又 2  as in a previous position or condition 如在以前的位置或状态  back again  又回来了 home again  又回到家了 quite well again  又好起来了 3  in addition 加之，更  as much again  加倍 half as many again  加一半 4  further, besides 此外，还有  again, what about the children?  另外，孩子怎么办？ 5  on the other hand 另一方面，也  I might, and again I might not  我可能，我也可能不 □ again and again   repeatedly 不断重复地，反复地 [Old English ongēan, ongœgn, etc., from Germanic]

against /əˈɡenst, əˈɡeinst/ prep.  1  in opposition to 反对  fight against the invaders  打击入侵者 am against hanging  反对绞刑 arson is against the law  纵火是违法的 2  into collision or in contact with 碰撞；接触  ran against a rock  撞到石头上 lean against the wall  靠着墙 up against a problem  起而应对某个问题 3  to the disadvantage of 不利于  his age is against him  他的年龄对他不利 4  in contrast to 与…形成对照  against a dark background  衬着深色背景 99 as against 102 yesterday  99 比照于昨天的 102 5  in anticipation of or preparation for 应付；为…作准备  against his coming  准备他的到来 against a rainy day  应付雨天 protected against the cold  防寒 warned against pickpockets  警告注意扒手 6  as a compensating factor to 对应，补偿  income against expenditure  收支对照 7  in return for 作为回报；出具回执  issued against payment of the fee  付款以后的回执 □ against the clock   see 见 CLOCK1 3 □ against the grain   see 见 GRAIN □ against time   see TIME  [Middle English ayenes etc., from ayen AGAIN + adverbial genitive -s + -t as in amongst]

Aga Khan /ɑ:ɡə ˈkɑ:n/ n.  the spiritual leader of the Nizari sect of Ismaili Muslims 阿迦汗(伊斯兰教尼查尔派的精神领袖)

agal /æˈɡɑ:l/ n.  a fillet worn by Bedouin Arabs to keep the keffiyeh in place (阿拉伯贝都因人的)头带，头巾 [Arabic ˈiḳɑˉl ‘bond, rope’]

agama /əˈɡɑ:mə/ n.  an iguana-like Old World lizard of the genus Agama or a related genus 飞龙属蜥蜴 [Carib]

agamic /əˈɡæmik/ adj.  characterized by asexual reproduction 无性的；无性生殖的 [Greek agamos ‘unmarried’ + -IC]

agamospermy /ˈæɡəməˌspɜ:mi/ n. Bot.  asexual reproduction by division of an unfertilized ovule 【植】未受精胚珠无性繁殖，不完全无配生殖 [Greek agamos ‘unmarried’ + sperma ‘seed’]

agapanthus /æɡəˈpænθəs/ n.  any lilylike plant of the African genus Agapanthus 百子莲(非洲百合属植物) [modern Latin, from Greek agapē ‘love’ + anthos ‘flower’]

agape1 /əˈɡeip/ adv. & predic. adj.  gaping, open-mouthed, esp. with wonder or expectation 目瞪口呆地(的)

agape2 /ˈæɡəpi/ n.  1  a Christian feast in token of fellowship, esp. one held by early Christians in commemoration of the Last Supper (尤指早期纪念最后的晚餐的基督教徒的)联谊会餐 2 Theol.  Christian love, esp. as distinct from erotic love 【神】(尤指区别于性爱的)基督徒的爱；博爱 [Greek, = brotherly love]

agar /ˈeiɡɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 agar-agar /eiɡɑ:rˈeiɡɑ:/)  a gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and used in making soups, biological culture media, etc. 琼脂(一种用海产石花菜类制成的植物胶，可用于做汤或微生物的培养基) [Malay]

agaric /ˈæɡ(ə)rik, əˈɡɑ:rik/ n.  any fungus of the family Agaricaceae, with cap and stalk, including the common edible mushroom 伞菌(任何可以食用的蘑菇类) [Latin agaricum from Greek agarikon]

agate /ˈæɡət/ n.  1  a hard usu. banded variety of chalcedony 玛瑙 2  a coloured toy marble resembling this 类似玛瑙的玩具石弹 [French agate, -the, via Latin achates from Greek akhatēs]

Agatha /ˈægəθə/   阿加莎 [人名]

agave /əˈɡeivi/ n.  any plant of the genus Agave, with rosettes of narrow spiny leaves, and tall inflorescences, e.g. the American aloe 龙舌兰属植物 [Latin from Greek Agauē, a proper name in mythology, from agauos ‘illustrious’]

agaze /əˈɡeiz/ adv. poet.  gazing [诗]凝视着

age /eidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the length of time that a person or thing has existed or is likely to exist 生存期，生存时间b  a particular point in or part of one's life, often as a qualification 年龄，年纪(常作为一种条件)  old age  老龄 voting age  选举年龄 2  a (often in pl. 常用复数) colloq.  a long time [口]长时间，久久  took an age to answer  过了很长时间才答复 have been waiting for ages  等了许久b  a distinct period of the past 历史时期，时代  golden age  黄金时代 Bronze Age  青铜器时代 Middle Ages  中世纪c Geol.  a period of time 【地质】时期d  a generation 一代人，代 3  the latter part of life; old age 上年纪，老年  the peevishness of age  年老的乖戾 ●v. (pres. part. ageing, aging)  1 intr.  show signs of advancing age 显老，变老  has aged a lot recently  最近老了许多 2 intr.  grow old 老化，老 3 intr.  mature 成熟 4 tr.  cause or allow to age 使成熟，老化 □ come of age   reach adult status (esp. in Law at 18, formerly 21) 达到成人年龄(尤指达到法定的 18 岁，以前为 21 岁) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin aetas -atis ‘age’]

-age /idʒ, ɑ:ʒ/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  an action (breakage 破坏 ; spillage 溢出) 动作 2  a condition or function (bondage 束缚 ; a peerage 贵族地位) 状态或功能 3  an aggregate or number of (coverage 综述 ; the peerage 贵族 ; acreage 英亩数) 总体，集合 4  fees payable for; the cost of using (postage 邮费) 费用，花费 5  the product of an action (dosage 用量 ; wreckage 破坏) 动作结果 6  a place; an abode (anchorage 停泊地点 ; orphanage 孤儿院 ; parsonage 牧师住所) 地点，处所 [Old French, ultimately from Latin -aticum, neut. of adjectival suffix -aticus -ATIC]

aged adj.  1 /eidʒd/  a  of the age of 有…年纪的  aged ten  10 岁b  that has been subjected to ageing 老化的，在变老的c (of a horse) over six years old (马)6 岁以上的 2 /ˈeidʒid/  having lived long; old 长寿的；古老的

age group n.  a number of persons or things classed together as of similar age 处于某一年龄的人；年龄段

ageing /ˈeidʒiŋ/ n. (also 亦作 aging)  1  growing old 长大；老化 2  giving the appearance of advancing age 显老，变老 3  a change of properties occurring in some metals after heat treatment or cold working (经过冷、热处理使金属改变性状的)老化处理

ageism /ˈeidʒiz(ə)m/ n.  prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of age 年龄歧视 □ ageist  adj. & n.  

ageless /ˈeidʒlis/ adj.  1  never growing or appearing old or outmoded 永远不老的；永不过时的 2  eternal, timeless 永恒的，长久的

age-long adj.  lasting for a very long time 延续了很长时间的

agency /ˈeidʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the business or establishment of an agent 代理，中介；代理机构  employment agency  职业介绍所b  the function of an agent 代理职能；代理事宜 2  a  active operation; action 能动作用；功能，力量  free agency  自由意志力的作用b  intervening action; means 干预作用；手段  fertilized by the agency of insects  靠昆虫的传播作用受精c  action personified 动作，作用  an invisible agency  无形的作用 3 (also 亦作 Agency)  a department or body providing a specific service for a government, political union, etc. (政府或政治团体的)特殊职能部门  United Nations Relief Agency  联合国救济署 News Agency  新闻社 [medieval Latin agentia from Latin agere ‘do’]

agenda /əˈdʒendə/ n.  1 (pl. agendas)  a  a list of items of business to be considered at a meeting 议程；议事日程b  a series of things to be done; a plan of activities or action 安排，计划 2 (sing. agendum) (treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  items of business to be considered 需要考虑的事项b  things to be done 应办的事项 [Latin, neut. pl. of gerundive of agere ‘do’]■Usage 用法说明 Agenda is now usually treated as a singular noun (with plural agendas), as in sense 1 above, e.g. The agenda for the meeting was very long; Today's agenda includes a visit to the old town; Anticipate what hidden agendas others may have. It is occasionally found in sense 2 (its original sense) meaning ‘items to be considered’ or ‘things to be done’. Cf. DATA, MEDIA1. 词语 agenda 现常用作单数(复数形式为 agendas) ，如上述的释义 1 (The agenda for the meeting was very long 会议的议程特别长； Today's agenda includes a visit to the old town 今天的安排包括参观老城区； Anticipate what hidden agendas others may have 估计一下他人暗中的计划)。但偶尔也用于释义 2 (原义)，意思是“需要考虑的事项”或“要做的事情”；参见 DATA 1 。 

agent /ˈeidʒ(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a person who acts for another in business, politics, etc. (商务、政治等方面的)代办人，经纪人；执法官  literary agent  文稿代理人b  a person or company that acts as broker and provides a specified service 代理人；代理商，代理公司  estate agent  财产代理人 travel agent  旅行社c  a travelling salesman or salewoman 旅行推销员d  a spy 密探，间谍，特工人员 2  a  a person or thing that exerts power or produces an effect 作用者；作用物b  the cause of a natural force or effect on matter 动因；剂  oxidizing agent  氧化剂c  such a force or effect 作用，功能 [Latin agent-, part. stem of agere ‘do’]

agent-general n. (pl. agents-general)  a representative of an Australian state or Canadian province (澳大利亚的)州代表；(加拿大的)省代表

agent noun n.  a noun denoting an agent or agency (e.g. 如 lawyer 律师 , accelerator 加速器) 指代某种职务或功能的名词

agent provocateur /ˌæʒɒ˜ prəˌvɒkəˈtɜ:/ n. (pl. agents provocateurs pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person employed to detect suspected offenders by tempting them to overt self-incriminating action (雇用来打入嫌疑犯内部以设法引诱其自陷法网的)密探，坐探，卧底 [French, = provocative agent]

age of consent n.  the age at which consent to sexual intercourse is valid in law 法律认定的可以过性生活的年龄

age of discretion  see 见 DISCRETION 

age of puberty n.  the age at which puberty begins, in law usu. 14 in boys and 12 in girls 青春期开始年龄(欧美法律一般定为男 14 岁，女 12 岁)

age-old adj.  having existed for a very long time 存在很长时间的；古老的

age range n.  a range of ages 年龄段

Aggie /ˈægi/   阿吉 [人名]

agglomerate v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /əˈɡlɒməreit/  1  collect into a mass 成团，结块，凝聚 2  accumulate in a disorderly way (无序地)聚合，聚集 ●n. /əˈɡlɒmərət/  1  a mass or collection of things 团，块 2 Geol.  a mass of large volcanic fragments bonded under heat (cf. 参见 CONGLOMERATE adj. 2, n. 3) 【地质】(因火山烧熔作用而粘在一起的)大石块 ●adj. /əˈɡlɒmərət/  collected into a mass 成团的，结块的 □ agglomeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ agglomerative  /əˈɡlɒmərətiv/ adj.   [Latin agglomerare (as AD-, glomerare from glomus -meris ‘ball’)]

agglutinate /əˈɡlu:tinət/ v.  1 tr.  unite as with glue 使粘接；使胶合 2 tr. & intr. Biol.  cause or undergo rapid clumping (of bacteria, erythrocytes, etc.) 【生】(使) (细菌、红血球等)快速聚合 3 tr. (of language) combine (simple words) without change of form to express compound ideas (语言)使用粘着法(形式上不改变)构词 □ agglutination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ agglutinative  /əˈɡlu:tinətiv/ adj.   [Latin agglutinare (as AD-, glutinare from gluten -tinis ‘glue’)]

agglutinin /əˈɡlu:tinin/ n. Biol.  an antibody, lectin, or other substance causing agglutination 【生】凝集素 [AGGLUTINATE + -IN]

aggrandize /əˈɡrændaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  increase the power, rank, or wealth of (a person or state) 扩大…的权势；提高…的地位；增加…的财富 2  cause to appear greater than is the case 使显大，夸大 □ aggrandizement  /-dizm(ə)nt/ n.  □ aggrandizer  n.   [French agrandir (stem agrandiss-), probably via Italian aggrandire from Latin grandis large: assimilated to verbs in -IZE]

aggravate /ˈæɡrəveit/ v. tr.  1  increase the gravity of (an illness, offence, etc.) 加重，加剧(病情、罪行等)；使恶化  the war was aggravating the situation  战争使得局势更加恶化 2 disp.  annoy, exasperate (a person) [异议]激怒，冒犯(某人) □ aggravating  adj. disp. [异议]  □ aggravation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin aggravare aggravat- ‘make heavy’ from gravis ‘heavy’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of aggravate in sense 2, to mean ‘annoy, exasperate’, is regarded by some people as incorrect but is common in informal use and dates back to the 17th century. Aggravating meaning ‘annoying’ is similarly frowned upon. 有人认为 aggravate 的释义 2 “激怒，冒犯”的用法是不对的，但在非正式语里却很常见，并可追溯到 17 世纪。对此一释义的动名词形式 aggravating 也有同样的争议。 

aggregate n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈæɡriɡət/  1  a collection of, or the total of, disparate elements (异类成份)集合，总计 2  pieces of crushed stone, gravel, etc., used in making concrete 集料，粒料(混凝土中加入的碎石，石子等) 3  a Geol.  a mass of minerals formed into solid rock 【地质】聚成岩b  a mass of particles (小颗粒的)聚成物质，聚合物质 ●adj. /ˈæɡriɡət/  1 (of disparate elements) collected into one mass (指异类成分)聚集的；合计的 2  constituted by the collection of many units into one body 聚合而成的 3 Bot. (of a group of species) comprising several very similar species formerly regarded as a single species 【植】(指一组物种)聚生的 ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈæɡriɡeit/  collect together; combine into a whole 聚集，积聚；集合体 □ in the aggregate   as a whole 总体上，整体上□ aggregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ aggregative  /ˈæɡriɡətiv/ adj.   [Latin aggregare aggregat- ‘herd together’ (as AD-, grex gregis ‘flock’)]

aggregate fruit n. Bot.  a fruit formed from several carpels derived from the same flower 【植】聚生果(由同一朵花的不同心皮结成的果实) (e.g. 如 raspberry 悬钩子)

aggression /əˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or practice of attacking without provocation, esp. beginning a quarrel or war 侵犯，侵略；挑衅 2  an unprovoked attack 无理攻击；侵略行径 3  self-assertiveness; forcefulness 个性强，刚愎自用 4 Psychol.  a hostile or destructive tendency; such behaviour 【心】敌意，破坏倾向；敌意或破坏性举动 [French agression or Latin aggressio ‘attack’, from aggredi aggress- (as AD-, gradi ‘walk’)]

aggressive /əˈɡresiv/ adj.  1  of a person 指人 :a  given to aggression; openly hostile 好斗的；公开表示敌意的b  forceful; self-assertive 刚愎的，个性强的；敢做敢为的 2 (of an act) offensive, hostile (行为等)攻击性的；敌意的 3  of aggression 侵略性的，入侵的 □ aggressively  adv.  □ aggressiveness  n.  

aggressor /əˈɡresə/ n.  a person who attacks without provocation 侵略者；挑衅者 [Latin (as AGGRESSION)]

aggrieved /əˈɡri:vd/ adj.  having a grievance 受虐待的，受冤屈的 □ aggrievedly  /-vidli/ adv.   [Middle English, past part. of aggrieve, from Old French agrever ‘make heavier’ (as AD-, GRIEVE1)]

aggro /ˈæɡrəʊ/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  aggressive trouble-making 暴力行为；寻衅滋事 2  trouble, difficulty 麻烦，困难 [abbreviation of AGGRAVATION (see AGGRAVATE) or AGGRESSION]

aghast /əˈɡɑ:st/ predic. adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  filled with dismay or consternation 惊骇的，吓呆的 [Middle English, past part. of obsolete agast, gast ‘frighten’: see GHASTLY]

agile /ˈædʒail/ adj.  quick-moving, nimble, active 敏捷的，伶俐的，轻快的 □ agilely  adv.  □ agility  /əˈdʒiliti/ n.   [French from Latin agilis, from agere ‘do’]

agin /əˈɡin/ prep. colloq. or dial.  against [口] [方]反对 [corruption of AGAINST or obsolete prep. again, with the same meaning]

aging var.  of AGEING  AGEING 的变体

agio /ˈædʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. agios)  1  the percentage charged on the exchange of one currency, or one form of money, into another more valuable (兑换高值货币时的)贴水；贴水率 2  the excess value of one currency over another (货币兑换)差价 3  money-exchange business 兑换，货币兑换业务 [Italian aggio]

agist /əˈdʒist/ v. tr.  take in and feed (livestock) for payment 有偿接收并饲养(畜禽) □ agistment  n.  

agitate /ˈædʒiteit/ v.  1 tr.  disturb or excite (a person or feelings) 搅动，鼓动(他人或情绪) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  stir up interest or concern, esp. publicly (尤指公开)煽动，鼓动  agitated for tax reform  鼓动税收改革 3 tr.  shake or move, esp. briskly (尤指快捷地)摇晃，移动 □ agitatedly  adv.   [Latin agitare agitat-, frequentative of agere ‘drive’]

agitation /ædʒiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of agitating or being agitated 搅动；扰动；骚动 2  mental anxiety or concern 焦虑，牵挂 [French agitation or Latin agitatio (as AGITATE)]

agitato /ædʒiˈtɑ:təʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in an agitated manner 【音】激动地，激奋地 [Italian]

agitator /ˈædʒiteitə/ n.  1  a person who agitates, esp. publicly for a cause (尤指公开为了某一事业的)煽动者，鼓动者 2  an apparatus for shaking or mixing liquid etc. 搅拌器 [Latin (as AGITATE)]

agitprop /ˈædʒitprɒp, ˈæɡ-/ n. hist.  the dissemination of Communist political propaganda, esp. in plays, films, books, etc. [史义] (尤指剧本、电影、书籍等中有关共产党的)政治宣传鼓动 [Russian (as AGITATION, PROPAGANDA)]

aglet /ˈæɡlət/ n.  1  a metal tag attached to each end of a shoelace etc. (鞋带两端的)金属箍 2  = AIGUILLETTE  [Middle English from French aiguillette ‘small needle’, ultimately from Latin acus ‘needle’]

agley /əˈɡlei, əˈɡli:/ adv. Sc.  askew, awry [苏格兰]歪斜地；背离正道地 [A2 + Scots gley ‘squint’]

aglow /əˈɡləʊ/ adv. & predic. adj.  glowing; in a glow (of warmth, excitement, etc.) 发光地(的)，发亮地(的)；(因温暖、激动等)充满炽热地(的)；红光满面地(的)

AGM abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  annual general meeting 

agma /ˈæɡmə/ n.  1  the speech sound of ‘ng’ as in thing, represented by the symbol /ŋ/ (单词 thing 等中的)‘ng’ 的发音，用符号 /ŋ/ 表示 2  this symbol 该音标 [Greek, literally ‘fragment’]

agnail /ˈæɡneil/ n.  1  a piece of torn skin at the root of a fingernail (指甲根部的)倒刺，甲刺 2  the soreness resulting from this 指头炎 [Old English angnœgl from nœgl NAIL n. 2a: cf. HANGNAIL]

agnate /ˈæɡneit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor (cf. 参见 COGNATE adj. 1) 男方亲属的；父系亲属的 2  descended from the same forefather; of the same clan or nation 同宗的，同族的；同种族的 3  of the same nature; akin 类似的；同类的 ●n.  a person who is descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor 男方亲属；父系后裔 □ agnatic  /-ˈnætik/ adj.  □ agnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin agnatus, from ad AG- + (g)natus ‘born’]

Agnes /ˈægnis/   阿格尼丝 [人名]

agnolotti /ænjəˈlɒti/ n.  small pasta shapes containing meat stuffing 意大利肉饺 [Italian]

agnosia /əɡˈnəʊsiə/ n. Med.  the loss of the ability to interpret sensations 【医】辨识不能，失认 [modern Latin from Greek agnōsia ‘ignorance’]

agnostic /æɡˈnɒstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who believes that nothing is known, or can be known, of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena 不可知论者 2  a person who is uncertain or non-committal about a certain thing (对某事)不确定(或不表态)者 ●adj.  of or relating to agnostics or agnosticism 不可知论的 □ agnosticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [A-1 + GNOSTIC]

Agnus Dei /ˈæɡnʊs ˈdeii:/ n.  1  a figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag, as an emblem of Christ 上帝的羔羊(耶稣的象征) 2  the part of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning with the words ‘Lamb of God’ (罗马天主教弥撒中)以“上帝的羔羊”一语开始的祈祷 [Latin, = Lamb of God]

ago /əˈɡəʊ/ adv.  earlier; before the present 以前，从前，在…前  ten years ago  十年前 long ago  很久以前 [Middle English (ago, agone), past part. of obsolete verb ago (as A-2, GO1)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the construction it is ten years ago that (not since) I saw them. 注意， it is ten years ago that I saw them (我是在 10 年前见到他们)句中的 that 不能代以 since 。 

agog /əˈɡɒɡ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  eagerly, expectantly 热切地，渴望地 ●predic. adj.  eager, expectant 热切的，渴望的 [French en gogues, from en ‘in’ + pl. of gogue ‘fun’]

agogic /əˈɡɒdʒik/ adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  designating or relating to an accent effected by lengthening the time value of a note 延长重音的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the use of agogic accents; the deliberate modification of time values in a musical performance 采用延长重音法；演奏中的有意改变音符长度 [German agogisch, from Greek agogos ‘leading’]

agonic line /əˈɡɒnik/ n.  a line passing through both the north pole and the north magnetic pole and joining places at which a compass needle points to true north (i.e. without declination) 无偏磁线，零磁偏线(一条通过北极点以及北磁极的线，指南针在这条线上指向绝对北极，没有偏差) [Greek agōn(i)os, from a- A-1 + gonia ‘angle’ + -IC]

agonist /ˈæɡənist/ n.  1 Physiol.  a muscle whose contraction moves a part directly 【生理】主动肌，主缩肌 2 Biochem.  a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor 【生化】促进剂，兴奋剂 3  = PROTAGONIST 1, 2  [Greek agōnistēs ‘contestant’, from agōn ‘contest’]

agonistic /æɡəˈnistik/ adj.  1  polemical, combative 论战的；好争议的 2 Zool. (of animal behaviour) associated with conflict 【动】(指动物行为)好斗的 3 Biochem.  of or relating to an agonist; acting as an agonist 【生化】促效的，有促效作用的 □ agonistically  adv.   [Late Latin agonisticus from Greek agōnistikos, via agōnistēs ‘contestant’ from agōn ‘contest’]

agonize /ˈæɡənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  undergo (esp. mental) anguish; suffer agony 感到痛苦(尤指精神上的)；忍受痛苦 2 tr.  cause agony to 使痛苦 3 tr. (as 作 agonized adj.)  expressing agony 痛苦的  an agonized look  痛苦的样子 4 intr.  struggle, contend 苦斗，抗争 □ agonizingly  adv.   [French agoniser or Late Latin agonizare from Greek agōnizomai ‘contend’, from agōn ‘contest’]

agony /ˈæɡəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  extreme mental or physical suffering 极度(精神或肉体)痛苦，剧痛；苦恼 2  a severe struggle 奋力抗争，拼争 [Middle English via Old French agonie or Late Latin from Greek agōnia, from agōn ‘contest’]

agony aunt n. (masc. agony uncle) Brit. colloq.  a person who answers letters in an agony column [英口]知音大姐(在排忧解困专栏里回信解答问题的人)

agony column n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a column in a newspaper or magazine offering personal advice to readers who write in (报刊杂志上的)排忧解困专栏 2  = PERSONAL COLUMN 

agoraphobe /ˈæɡ(ə)rəfəʊb/ n.  a person who suffers from agoraphobia 广场恐怖症(公共场所恐怖症)患人

agoraphobia /æɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbiə/ n. Psychol.  an abnormal fear of open spaces or public places 【心】广场恐怖症；公共场所恐怖症 □ agoraphobic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek agora ‘place of assembly, market place’ + -PHOBIA]

agouti /əˈɡu:ti/ n. (also 亦作 aguti) (pl. -tis)  1  a burrowing rodent of the genus Dasyprocta or Myoprocta of Central and S. America, related to the guinea pig 刺豚鼠(中南美洲一种与实验用小鼠近亲的穴居啮齿目动物) 2  any animal whose fur has each hair banded dark and light 任何毛色呈深浅环纹的动物 [French agouti or Spanish aguti, from Tupi aguti]

AGR abbr.  advanced gas-cooled (nuclear) reactor [缩略]高级气冷式(核)反应堆

agrarian /əˈɡrɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the land or its cultivation 有关土地的；耕种的 2  relating to landed property 有关地产的，地产的 ●n.  a person who advocates a redistribution of landed property 鼓吹重新分配土地的人 [Latin agrarius, from ager agri ‘field’]

agree /əˈɡri:/ v. (agrees, agreed, agreeing)  1 intr.  hold a similar opinion 同意，意见一致  I agree with you about that  我同意你对此事的意见 they agreed that it would rain  他们都认为会下雨 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  consent 赞同，赞成  agreed to the arrangement  赞同所做的安排 agreed to go  同意前往 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  become or be in harmony 融合，和谐b  suit; be good for 适合；适宜  caviar didn't agree with him  鱼子酱不合他的胃口c Gram.  have the same number, gender, case, or person as 【语法】保持(人称、性、数、格的)一致 4 tr. Brit.  reach agreement about [英]商定，达成一致  agreed a price  达成一个价格 5 tr. Brit.  consent to or approve of (terms, a proposal, etc.) [英]同意，赞同(条款、建议等) 6 tr. Brit.  bring (things, esp. accounts) into harmony [英]使(尤指账目)一致；使和谐 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  decide by mutual consent 经一致同意后决定  agreed on a compromise  协商后同意妥协 □ agree to differ   leave a difference of opinion unresolved 同意保留不同意见□ be agreed   have reached the same opinion 达成一致意见 [Middle English from Old French agreer, ultimately from Latin gratus ‘pleasing’]

agreeable /əˈɡri:əb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  pleasing 令人愉快的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a person) willing to agree (人)欣然同意的，顺从的  was agreeable to going  同意前往 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  conformable 舒适的，舒服的 □ agreeableness  n.  □ agreeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French agreable, from agreer AGREE]

agreement /əˈɡri:m(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of agreeing; the holding of the same opinion 同意；意见一致  reached agreement  达成协议 2  mutual understanding 相互理解 3  an arrangement between parties as to a course of action etc. (对行动方针等)协议，议定 4 Gram.  having the same number, gender, case, or person 【语法】(人称、性、数、格的)一致 5  mutual conformity of things; harmony 一致性；和谐，融洽 [Middle English from Old French (as AGREE)]

agribusiness /ˈæɡribiznis/ n.  1  agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles, esp. using advanced technology (尤指采用先进技术严格按照商业化原则进行的)农业经营，农业生产 2  an organization engaged in this 农业经营单位 3  the group of industries dealing with the produce of, and services to, farming 综合农业企业 □ agribusinessman  /-ˈbiznismən/ n. (pl. -men)   [AGRICULTURE + BUSINESS]

agriculture /ˈæɡrikʌltʃə/ n.  the science or practice of cultivating the soil and rearing animals 农业；农学，农艺 □ agricultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ agriculturalist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)list/ n.  □ agriculturally  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)li/ adv.  □ agriculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [French agriculture or Latin agricultura, from ager agri ‘field’ + cultura CULTURE]

agrimony /ˈæɡriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any perennial plant of the genus Agrimonia, esp. A. eupatoria with small yellow flowers 龙牙草(一种开黄色小花的常年生植物) [Middle English via Old French aigremoine from Latin agrimonia, alteration of argemonia, from Greek argemōnē ‘poppy’]

agro- /ˈæɡrəʊ/ comb. form  agricultural (agro-climatic 农业气侯 ; agro-ecological 农业生态学) [构词成分]表示“农业的” [Greek agros ‘field’]

agrochemical /æɡrəʊˈkemik(ə)l/ n.  a chemical used in agriculture 农业化学品，农业化肥

agroforestry /æɡrəʊˈfɒristri/ n.  agriculture incorporating the cultivation and conservation of trees 护林型农业

agronomy /əˈɡrɒnəmi/ n.  the science of soil management and crop production 农学，农艺学；土壤管理学 □ agronomic  /æɡrəˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ agronomical  /æɡrəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ agronomically  /æɡrəˈnɒmik(ə)li/ adv.  □ agronomist  n.   [French agronomie from agronome ‘agriculturist’, from Greek agros ‘field’ + -nomos from nemō ‘arrange’]

aground /əˈɡraʊnd/ predic. adj. & adv. (of a ship) on or on to the bottom of shallow water (指轮船)搁浅的(地)  be aground  搁浅了 run aground  搁浅 [Middle English from A2 + GROUND1]

ague /ˈeiɡju:/ n.  1 hist.  a malarial fever, with cold, hot, and sweating stages [史义]疟疾 2  a shivering fit 寒颤，发抖 □ agued  adj.  □ aguish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin acuta (febris) ‘acute (fever)’]

aguti var.  of AGOUTI  AGOUTI 的变体

AH abbr.  in the year of the Hegira (AD 622); of the Muslim era [缩略]逃亡的那一年(穆罕默德从麦加流亡到麦地那，即公元 622 年)；穆斯林纪元 [Latin anno Hegirae]

ah /ɑ:/ int.  expressing surprise, pleasure, sudden realization, resignation, etc. 啊(感叹词，表示惊讶、高兴、突然明白、从命等) [Middle English from Old French a]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AHA. 见 AHA 的用法说明。 

aha /əˈhɑ:, ɑ:ˈhɑ:/ int.  expressing surprise, triumph, mockery, irony, etc. 啊哈(表示吃惊、成功、嘲笑、讽刺等) [Middle English from AH + HA1]■Usage 用法说明 As with many exclamations, sense depends much on intonation. 同其他感叹词一样，其含义很大程度取决于不同的语调。 

ahead /əˈhed/ adv.  1  further forward in space or time 向前，提前 2  in the lead; further advanced 领先，占先  ahead on points  比分领先 3  in the line of one's forward motion 在前行路线上，前方  roadworks ahead  前方道路施工 4  straight forwards 正前方 □ ahead of   1  further forward or advanced than 在…前面，超过 2  in the line of the forward motion of 在前行路线上，前方 [originally nautical, from A2 + HEAD]

ahem /əˈhem/ (not usu. clearly articulated 发音通常不清晰) int.  used to attract attention, gain time, or express disapproval 呃哼(表示引起注意、停顿或不同意) [lengthened form of HEM2]

ahimsa /əˈhimsɑ:/ n. (in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist tradition) respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others both in thought and deed (印度教、佛教、耆那教的)不杀生；在思想和行为上避免与他人发生暴力冲突 [Sanskrit, from a ‘without’ + himsa ‘injury’]

ahoy /əˈhɔi/ int. Naut.  a call used in hailing 【海】喂(打招呼用词) [AH + HOY1]

AI abbr. [缩略]  1  artificial insemination  2  artificial intelligence 

ai /ˈɑ:i/ n. (pl. ais)  the three-toed sloth of S. America, of the genus Bradypus (南美洲的)三趾树獭 [Tupi ai, representing its cry]

AID abbr.  artificial insemination by donor [缩略]通过捐赠者人工授精，非配偶人工授精

aid /eid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  help 帮助，协助 2  financial or material help, esp. given by one country to another (尤指一国对另一国的)资助；物质援助 3  a material source of help 辅助用具  teaching aid  教学辅助用具 4  a person or thing that helps 协助者，助手；辅助物 5 (as second element in comb. 接在其他词后) esp. Brit.  denoting an organization or event that raises money for charity [尤英] (为慈善业)出资团体，赞助活动  Band Aid  乐队赞助单位 6 hist.  a grant of subsidy or tax to a king [史义] (给国王的)补贴；税款 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in + gerund)  help 帮助，协助 2  promote or encourage 改善，促进  sleep will aid recovery  睡眠将有助于恢复 □ in aid of  Brit.  in support of [英]支持，帮助□ what's this (or all this) in aid of?  Brit. colloq.  what is the purpose of this? [英口]这有什么用处？ [Middle English from Old French aïde (n.), aïdier (v.), ultimately from Latin adjuvare (as AD-, juvare jut- ‘help’)]

aide /eid/ n.  1  an aide-de-camp 副官，侍从武官 2  an assistant 助手 [abbreviation]

aide-de-camp /eiddəˈkɒ˜/ n. (pl. aides-de-camp pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer 副官，侍从武官 [French, = camp adjutant]

aide-mémoire /ˌeidmemˈwɑ:/ n. (pl. aides-mémoires or aides-mémoire pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a  an aid to the memory 助记器，帮助记忆装置b  a book or document meant to aid the memory 起帮助记忆作用的书或资料 2 Diplomacy  a memorandum 【外交】备忘录 [French, from aider ‘to help’ + mémoire ‘memory’]

Aids /eidz/ n. (also 亦作 AIDS)  acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a condition caused by a virus transmitted in the body fluids, marked by severe loss of resistance to infection and so ultimately fatal 获得性免疫缺陷综合征，艾滋病 [acronym]

Aids-related complex n.  the symptoms of a person who is affected with the Aids virus but does not necessarily develop the disease 艾滋病相关性综合征

aigrette /ˈeiɡret, eiˈɡret/ n.  1  a white plume from an egret 白鹭毛，冠毛 2  a tuft of feathers or hair 一撮羽毛；一撮毛 3  a spray of gems or similar ornament (装饰用)鹭毛；羽饰 [French: see EGRET]

aiguille /ˈeiɡwi:l/ n.  a sharp peak of rock, esp. in the Alps (尤指阿尔卑斯山的)针状石峰，尖峰 [French: see AGLET]

aiguillette /eiɡwiˈlet/ n.  a tagged point hanging from the shoulder on the breast of some uniforms (某些军装上的)肩带 [French: see AGLET]

AIH abbr.  artificial insemination by husband [缩略]通过丈夫人工授精，配偶人工授精

aikido /aiˈki:dəʊ/ n.  a Japanese form of self-defence and martial art, using locks, holds, throws, and the opponent's own movements 合气道(日本的一种自卫防身武术) [Japanese, from ai ‘together, unify’ + ki ‘spirit’ + dō ‘way’]

ail /eil/ v.  1 tr. (only in 3rd person interrog. or indefinite constructions 仅用于第三人称疑问句或不定式结构) archaic  trouble or afflict in mind or body [古义]使痛苦；使苦恼  what ails him?  什么使他苦恼？ 2 intr. (usu. 通常作 be ailing)  be ill 患病，生病 [Old English egl(i)an, from egle ‘troublesome’]

ailanthus /eiˈlænθəs/ n.  a tall deciduous tree of the genus Ailanthus, native to Asia and Australasia, esp. the tree of heaven, A. altissima 臭椿(原产亚洲和澳大拉西亚) [modern Latin, via French ailante from Amboinese aylanto: ending influenced by -anthus = Greek anthos ‘flower’]

Aileen /ˈeili:n/   艾琳 [人名]

aileron /ˈeilərɒn/ n.  a hinged surface in the trailing edge of an aeroplane wing, used to control lateral balance (飞机的)副翼 [French, diminutive of aile ‘wing’, from Latin ala]

ailing /ˈeiliŋ/ adj.  1  ill, esp. chronically 有病的，患病的(尤指慢性病) 2  in poor condition 处境糟糕的；困境中的

ailment /ˈeilm(ə)nt/ n.  an illness, esp. a minor one 疾病(尤指小病)

aim /eim/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at + verbal noun, or to + infin.)  intend or try 打算，试图  aim at winning  志在必得 aim to win  志在取胜 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  direct or point (a weapon, remark, etc.) (武器、言论等)指向，对准 3 intr.  take aim 瞄准 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, for)  seek to attain or achieve 寻求，企图得到 ●n.  1  a purpose or design; an object aimed at 目的；对象 2  the directing of a weapon, missile, etc., at an object (枪炮、导弹等的)目标 □ take aim   direct a weapon etc. at an object 瞄准 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin aestimare ‘reckon’]

aimless /ˈeimlis/ adj.  without aim or purpose 漫无目的的，没有目标的 □ aimlessly  adv.  □ aimlessness  n.  

ain't /eint/ contr. colloq. [缩合] [口]  1  am not; are not; is not  you ain't doing it right  你做得不对 she ain't nice  她不好  2  has not; have not 没有，未曾  we ain't seen him  我们没有看到他 [contraction of are not]■Usage 用法说明 Ain't is usually regarded as an uneducated use, and unacceptable in spoken and written English, except in representations of dialect speech. 通常 ain't 被视为文化不高的用语，除有意模仿方言等之外，应避免在口、笔语中使用。 

aioli /aiˈəʊli/ n. (also 亦作 aïoli)  mayonnaise seasoned with garlic 蒜泥蛋黄酱 [French, from Provençal ai ‘garlic’ + oli ‘oil’]

air /ɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen 气，空气 2  a  the earth's atmosphere 大气，大气层b  the free or unconfined space in the atmosphere 空中，空间  birds of the air  空中的鸟 in the open air  在露天里c  the atmosphere as a place where aircraft operate or as a medium for transmitting radio waves (作为飞机飞行或电波传送载体的)天空，空中 3  a  a distinctive impression or characteristic 架势，样子  an air of absurdity  很荒诞的样子b  one's manner or bearing, esp. a confident one (尤指自信的)态度，姿态  with a triumphant air  带着胜利的表情 does things with an air  很有信心地做事c (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an affected manner; pretentiousness 假装，自命不凡  gave himself airs  装模作样 4 Mus.  a tune or melody; a melodious composition 【音】曲调；旋律 5  a breeze or light wind 微风，轻风 ●v. tr.  1 Brit.  warm (washed laundry) to remove damp, esp. at a fire or in a heated cupboard [英]晾晒；烘干(尤指将洗净的衣物放在火边或加热柜中) 2  expose (a room etc.) to the open air; ventilate 使(房间等)空气流通；通风 3  express publicly (an opinion, grievance, etc.) 发表，公开(意见、冤情等) 4  parade; show ostentatiously (esp. qualities) 显示，展示(品质等) 5 refl.  go out in the fresh air 到户外，到户外空气新鲜的地方 □ airs and graces   affected elegance designed to attract or impress 装模作样以吸引他人□ by air   by aircraft; in an aircraft 乘飞机，空中旅行□ in the air  (of opinions or feelings) prevalent; gaining currency (看法、观念等)普遍的，流行的□ on (or off) the air   in (or not in) the process of broadcasting 正在(或停止)广播□ take the air   go out of doors 到户外去□ tread (or walk) on air   feel elated 洋洋得意□ up in the air  (of projects etc.) uncertain; not decided (工程项目等)尚不确定的，未定的 [Middle English via French and Latin from Greek aēr]

air bag n.  a safety device that fills with air or nitrogen on impact to protect the occupants of a vehicle in a collision (汽车等的)安全气囊

airbase /ˈɛəbeis/ n.  a base for the operation of military aircraft 空军基地

air-bed n. Brit.  an inflatable mattress [英]充气床

air bladder n.  a bladder or sac filled with air in fish or some plants (cf. 参见 SWIM-BLADDER) (鱼或某些植物的)鳔，气囊

airborne /ˈɛəbɔ:n/ adj.  1  transported by air 空运的，空降的 2 (of aircraft) in the air after taking off (飞机等起飞后)在空中的，升空的

air brake n.  1  a brake worked by air pressure 气闸，风闸 2  a movable flap or other device on an aircraft to reduce its speed (飞行器的)减速装置，空气动力减速装置(副翼等)

airbrick /ˈɛəbrik/ n. Brit.  a brick perforated with small holes for ventilation [英] (内里布满小孔可以通气的)空心砖

air bridge n. Brit.  a portable bridge or walkway put against an aircraft door [英] (可置于飞机舱门外的)活动舷梯，活动桥

airbrush /ˈɛəbrʌʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  an artist's device for spraying paint by means of compressed air 油漆喷雾器，喷枪 ●v. tr.  paint or paint over with an airbrush esp. for the purpose of enhancement 喷漆于…之上；用喷枪喷

Airbus /ˈɛəbʌs/ n. propr.  an aircraft designed to carry a large number of passengers economically, esp. over relatively short routes [商标] (搭载旅客多而经济、行程比较短的)空中客车

Air Chief Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, below Marshal of the RAF and above Air Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军上将

Air Commodore n.  an RAF officer next above Group Captain (皇家空军军衔)空军准将

air-conditioning n.  1  a system for regulating the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle 空气调节，空调 2  the apparatus for this 空气调节装置，空调器 □ air-conditioned  adj.  □ air-conditioner  n.  

air-cooled adj.  cooled by means of a current of air 气冷的，风冷的

air corridor n.  = CORRIDOR 4 

aircraft /ˈɛəkrɑ:ft/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a machine capable of flight, esp. an aeroplane or helicopter 飞行器(尤指飞机或直升机)

aircraft carrier n.  a warship that carries and serves as a base for aeroplanes 航空母舰

aircraftman /ˈɛəkrɑ:ftmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. aircraftwoman /ˈɛəkrɑ:ftˌwʊmən/, pl. -women)  the lowest rank in the RAF (皇家空军的)空军士兵，空军新兵

aircrew /ˈɛəkru:/ n.  1  the crew manning an aircraft 飞行机组 2 (pl. same 单复同)  a member of such a crew 机组人员

air cushion n.  1  an inflatable cushion 气垫 2  the layer of air supporting a hovercraft or similar vehicle (托起气垫式飞行器或类似运输工具的)气垫

airdrop /ˈɛədrɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  the act or an instance of dropping supplies, troops, etc. by parachute 空投，伞降 ●v. tr. (-dropped, -dropping)  drop (supplies etc.) by parachute 用降落伞空投(供给品等)

Airedale /ˈɛədeil/ n.  1  a large terrier of a rough-coated breed 艾尔谷猎狗(一种大型硬毛狗) 2  this breed 艾尔谷猎狗种群 [Airedale, a district in Yorkshire]

airer /ˈɛərə/ n. Brit.  a frame or stand for airing or drying clothes etc. [英]晾衣架

airfield /ˈɛəfi:ld/ n.  an area of land where aircraft take off and land, are maintained, etc. 飞机场

airflow /ˈɛəfləʊ/ n.  the flow of air, esp. that encountered by a moving aircraft or vehicle 气流(尤指移动的飞行器或汽车遇到的气流)

airfoil /ˈɛəfɔil/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AEROFOIL  [AIR + FOIL2]

air force n.  a branch of the armed forces concerned with fighting or defence in the air 空军，空军部队

airframe /ˈɛəfreim/ n.  the body of an aircraft as distinct from its engine(s) (以别于引擎的)飞机机身

airglow /ˈɛəɡləʊ/ n.  radiation from the upper atmosphere, detectable at night 气辉(上层大气的辐射，夜间可以看到)

airgun /ˈɛəɡʌn/ n.  a gun using compressed air to propel pellets 气枪

airhead /ˈɛəhed/ n.  1 Mil.  a forward base for aircraft in enemy territory 【军】(在敌军境内建立的)空降场 2 slang  a silly or foolish person [俚语]傻瓜，蠢才 [sense 1 on the pattern of bridgehead]

air hostess n. Brit.  a stewardess in a passenger aircraft [英]空中小姐

airing /ˈɛəriŋ/ n.  1  exposure to fresh air, esp. for exercise or an excursion 户外散步；兜风 2 Brit.  exposure (of laundry etc.) to warm air [英]晾晒；通风 3  public expression of an opinion etc. (意见等的)公开发表；公诸于众  the idea will get an airing at tomorrow's meeting  这一想法将在明天的会议上公诸于众

air lane n.  a path or course regularly used by aircraft (cf. 参见 LANE 4) (飞机的)常规航线

airless /ˈɛəlis/ adj.  1  stuffy; not ventilated 窒息的；不通风的 2  without wind or breeze; still 没有风的；平静的 □ airlessness  n.  

air letter n.  a sheet of light paper forming a letter for sending by airmail (单页纸折叠的)航空信

airlift /ˈɛəlift/ n. & v. ●n.  the transport of troops and supplies by air, esp. in a blockade or other emergency (尤指在封锁或其他紧急情况下的)空运 ●v. tr.  transport in this way 空运

airline /ˈɛəlain/ n.  1  an organization providing a regular public service of air transport on one or more routes 航空公司 2  a pipe supplying air, esp. to a diver (尤指潜水员的)空气输送管

airliner /ˈɛəlainə/ n.  a large passenger aircraft 大型客机，班机

airlock /ˈɛəlɒk/ n.  1  a stoppage of the flow in a pump or pipe, caused by an air bubble (水泵或管道里因气泡而造成的)气塞，气阻 2  a compartment with controlled pressure and parallel sets of doors, to permit movement between areas at different pressures 压力差隔离室，密封舱

airmail /ˈɛəmeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system of transporting mail by air 航空邮政 2  mail carried by air 航空邮件 ●v. tr.  send by airmail 航空邮寄

airman /ˈɛəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force 飞行员；空军 2  a member of the RAF below commissioned rank (低于现役军衔的)皇家空军士兵

Air Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, below Air Chief Marshal and above Air Vice-Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军中将

air mattress n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AIR-BED 

air mile n.  1  a nautical mile used as a measure of distance flown by aircraft (表示飞行距离的)空英里 2 (作 Air Miles) pl. propr.  points (equivalent to miles of free air travel) accumulated by buyers of airline tickets and other products [商标] (旅客因购买机票或其他物品而积累的)航空旅行里程积分(相当于免费旅行里数)

airmiss /ˈɛəmis/ n. Brit.  a circumstance in which two or more aircraft in flight on different routes are less than a prescribed distance apart [英] (因两架或两架以上飞机飞行距离小于规定要求而)险些发生的撞机事故

airmobile /ɛəˈməʊbail/ adj. (of troops) that can be moved about by air (部队)可空运的

Air Officer n.  any RAF officer above the rank of Group Captain (皇家空军军衔)空军将级军官

airplane /ˈɛəplein/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AEROPLANE 

air plant n.  a plant growing naturally without soil 没有土壤而自然生长的附生植物

airplay /ˈɛəplei/ n.  broadcasting (of recorded music) (唱片音乐的)广播，播放

air pocket n.  1  a cavity containing air 气穴，风洞 2  a region of low pressure etc. causing an aircraft to lose height suddenly (使飞机骤然降低高度的)气阱

airport /ˈɛəpɔ:t/ n.  a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers 机场，航空港

air power n.  the ability to defend and attack by means of aircraft, missiles, etc. 空中(打击)力量；空军实力

air pump n.  a device for pumping air into or out of an enclosed space 气泵，打气筒

air raid n.  an attack by aircraft 空中打击，空袭

air rifle n.  a rifle using compressed air to propel pellets 气枪

air sac n.  an extension of the lungs in birds or of the tracheae in insects (某些鸟类、昆虫的)气囊

airscrew /ˈɛəskru:/ n. Brit.  an aircraft propeller [英] (飞机的)螺旋桨

air-sea rescue n.  rescue from the sea by aircraft 海上空中救援

airship /ˈɛəʃip/ n.  a power-driven aircraft that is lighter than air 飞艇，飞船

air show n.  a show at which aircraft are on view and perform aerial displays 飞行表演

airsick /ˈɛəsik/ adj.  affected with nausea due to travel in an aircraft 晕机的 □ airsickness  n.  

airside /ˈɛəsaid/ n.  the side of an airport terminal from which aircraft can be observed; the area beyond passport and customs control (opp. 反义 LANDSIDE) (可以观察飞机的)航站大楼外侧区；(护照和海关检查以外的)机场区

airspace /ˈɛəspeis/ n.  the air available to aircraft to fly in, esp. the part subject to the jurisdiction of a particular country (尤指属于某一国的)空域，领空

air speed n.  the speed of an aircraft relative to the air through which it is moving 飞行速度，空速

airstream /ˈɛəstri:m/ n.  1  a current of air 气流 2  = AIRFLOW 

airstrip /ˈɛəstrip/ n.  a strip of ground suitable for the take-off and landing of aircraft 简易机场，小型机场

air terminal n.  1 Brit.  an airline office in a town to which passengers report and which serves as a base for transport to and from an airport [英] (设在城里的)航空服务点，航空客运站 2  = TERMINALn. 3 

airtight /ˈɛətait/ adj.  not allowing air to pass through 密闭的，不透气的

airtime /ˈɛətaim/ n.  time allotted for a broadcast 广播时间，播出时间

air-to-air attrib. adj.  from one aircraft to another in flight 从飞机到飞机的，空对空的  air-to-air refuelling  空中加油 air-to-air missile  空对空导弹

air traffic control n.  the control of air traffic by giving radio instructions to pilots concerning route, altitude, take-off, and landing 空中交通控制 □ air traffic controller  n.  

Air Vice-Marshal n.  an RAF officer of high rank, just below Air Marshal (皇家空军军衔)空军少将

airwaves /ˈɛəweivz/ n. pl.  radio waves used in broadcasting 无线电电波

airway /ˈɛəwei/ n.  1  a natural or artificial passage by which air reaches the lungs (自然或人造)呼吸道；导气管 2  a  a recognized route followed by aircraft 空中航线，航路b (often in pl. 常用复数)  = AIRLINE 1  3  a ventilating passage in a mine (矿井的)通风道

airwoman /ˈɛəwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a woman pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force (尤指军队的)女飞行员；女乘务员 2  a female member of the RAF below commissioned rank (低于现役军衔的)皇家空军女兵

airworthy /ˈɛəwɜ:ði/ adj. (of an aircraft) fit to fly (指飞行器)适航的，飞行性能好的 □ airworthiness  n.  

airy /ˈɛəri/ adj. (airier, airiest)  1  well-ventilated, breezy 通风条件好的；有微风的 2  flippant, superficial 轻率的；肤浅的 3  a  light as air 轻的；空气般的b  graceful, delicate 轻盈的；优美的 4  insubstantial, ethereal, immaterial 非实质的；缥缈的；无形的 □ airily  adv.  □ airiness  n.  

airy-fairy adj. colloq.  unrealistic, impractical, foolishly idealistic [口]不实际的；荒唐的；空想的

aisle /ail/ n.  1  part of a church, esp. one parallel to and divided by pillars from the nave, choir, or transept (教堂里尤指将中殿、唱诗班和外廊分开的)走廊，过道 2  a  a passage between rows of pews, seats, etc. (数排座位、排椅之间的)过道，通道b  a passage between abinets and shelves of goods in a supermarket etc. (超级市场货架之间的)过道，走道 □ aisled  adj.   [Middle English ele, ile via Old French ele from Latin ala ‘wing’: spelling influenced by confusion with isle and French aile ‘wing’]

ait /eit/ n. (also 亦作 eyot) Brit.  a small island, esp. in a river [英] (尤指河中的)小岛 [Old English iggath etc., from īeg ISLAND + diminutive suffix]

aitch /eitʃ/ n.  the name of the letter H 字母 H 的名称 □ drop one's aitches   fail to pronounce the initial h in words 漏发词首的 h 音 [Old French ache]

aitchbone /ˈeitʃbəʊn/ n.  1  the buttock or rump bone of cattle (牛)臀部；(牛)臀骨 2  a cut of beef lying over this 牛臀肉 [Middle English nage-, nache-bone ‘buttock’, ultimately from Latin natis, -es ‘buttock(s)’: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

ajar1 /əˈdʒɑ:/ adv. & predic. adj. (of a door) slightly open (指门)半开的，虚掩的 [A2 + obsolete char from Old English cerr ‘a turn’]

ajar2 /əˈdʒɑ:/ adv.  out of harmony 不和谐地；不一致地 [A2 + JAR2]

AK abbr. US  Alaska (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]阿拉斯加州(正式邮政用语)

aka abbr.  also known as [缩略]亦称作

akee var.  of ACKEE  ACKEE 的变体

Akela /ɑ:ˈkeilə/ n. colloq.  the adult leader of a group of Cub Scouts, officially termed Cub Scout Leader [口]童子军的成人队长(正式称呼为 Cub Scout Leader) [name of the leader of a wolf pack in Kipling's Jungle Book (1894 － 5)]

akimbo /əˈkimbəʊ/ adv. (of the arms) with hands on the hips and elbows turned outwards 双手叉腰 [Middle English in kenebowe, probably from Old Norse]

akin /əˈkin/ predic. adj.  1  related by blood 同族的，同宗的，有血亲关系的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  of similar or kindred character 类似的；性情相同的 [A-4 + KIN]

Akkadian /əˈkeidiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Accadian) hist. [史义] ●adj.  of or relating to Akkad in ancient Babylonia or its language (有关古巴比仑帝国)阿卡德的；阿卡德语的 ●n.  1  the Semitic language of Akkad (闪语族的)阿卡德语 2  an inhabitant of Akkad 阿卡德人，阿卡德居民

akvavit var.  of AQUAVIT  AQUAVIT 的变体

AL abbr. US  Alabama (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]阿拉巴马州(正式邮政用语)

Al symb. Chem.  the element aluminium [符]【化】(化学元素)铝

al- /æl/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before -l (位于 l 前) -AD 的同化形式

-al /əl/ suffix  1  forming adjectives meaning ‘relating to, of the kind of’ 构成形容词，意为“与…有关”；“…类的” :a  from Latin or Greek words (central 中央的 ; regimental 军团的 ; colossal 巨大的 ; tropical 热带的) (cf. 参见 -IAL, -ICAL) 拉丁或希腊词根b  from English nouns (tidal 潮汐的) 英语名词词根 2  forming nouns, esp. of verbal action (animal 动物 ; rival 竞争对手 ; arrival 到达 ; proposal 建议 ; trial 试验) 构成(动作)名词 [sense 1 from French -el or Latin -alis, adjectival suffix related to -aris (-AR1); sense 2 from French -aille or from (or influenced by) Latin -alis used as a noun]

Ala. abbr.  Alabama [缩略] (美)阿拉巴马州

alabaster /ˈæləbɑ:stə, -bæstə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a translucent usu. white form of gypsum, often carved into ornaments 雪花石膏 ●adj.  1  of alabaster 雪花石膏的 2  like alabaster in whiteness or smoothness 像雪花石膏的，光滑白润的 □ alabastrine  /-ˈbɑ:strin, -ˈbæstrin, -ain/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French alabastre from Latin alabaster, -trum, from Greek alabast(r)os]

alack /əˈlæk/ int. (also 亦作 alack-a-day) archaic  an expression of regret or surprise [古义]哀哉，呜呼 [probably from AH + LACK]

alacrity /əˈlækriti/ n.  briskness or cheerful readiness 敏捷；欣然，乐意 [Latin alacritas, from alacer ‘brisk’]

Aladdin's cave /əˈlædinz/ n.  a place of great riches 阿拉丁的山洞(喻指藏有大量财富之地) [Aladdin in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, a collection of oriental folk tales]

Aladdin's lamp /əˈlædinz/ n.  a talisman enabling its holder to gratify any wish 阿拉丁的神灯(喻指能满足持有人任何愿望的法宝)

Alan /ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

alanine /ˈæləni:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophobic amino acid present in proteins 【生化】(蛋白质中存在的)丙氨酸 [German Alanin]

Alar /ˈeilɑ:/ n. propr.  a growth retardant sprayed on fruit and vegetables to enhance the quality of the crop [商标]艾拉阻化剂(一种生长延迟剂，喷洒在果蔬上以提高其质量) [20th c.: origin unknown]

alar /ˈeilə/ adj.  1  relating to wings 翼的，翅膀的 2  winglike or wing-shaped 像翅膀的，翼形的 3  axillary 腋窝的；腋生的 [Latin alaris, from ala ‘wing’]

alarm /əˈlɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a warning of danger etc. 警报，警告  gave the alarm  发出警报 2  a  a warning sound or device 报警声；报警器  the burglar alarm was set off accidentally  防盗报警器被偶然地碰响了b  = ALARM CLOCK  3  frightened expectation of danger or difficulty 惊慌，慌乱  were filled with alarm  惊慌失措 ●v. tr.  1  frighten or disturb 使惊恐；使担忧；打扰 2  arouse to a sense of danger 使警觉，使警惕 [Middle English via Old French alarme from Italian allarme, from all'arme! ‘to arms’]

alarm clock n.  a clock with a device that can be made to sound at the time set in advance 闹钟

alarming /əˈlɑ:miŋ/ adj.  disturbing, frightening 令人担忧的；吓人的 □ alarmingly  adv.  

alarmist /əˈlɑ:mist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to spreading needless alarm 大惊小怪的人，危言耸听的人 ●adj.  creating needless alarm 大惊小怪的，无端惊慌的 □ alarmism  n.  

alarum /əˈlɑ:rəm/ n. archaic [古义]  = ALARM  □ alarums and excursions  joc.  confused noise and bustle [诙]哗然；忙乱；喧闹

Alas- /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

Alas. abbr.  Alaska [缩略]阿拉斯加

alas /əˈlæs, əˈlɑ:s/ int.  an expression of grief, pity, or concern 唉(叹息声) [Middle English from Old French a las(se), from a ‘ah’ + las(se) from Latin lassus ‘weary’]

alate /ˈeileit/ adj.  having wings or winglike appendages 有翼的；有翼状物的 [Latin alatus, from ala ‘wing’]

alb /ælb/ n.  a white vestment reaching to the feet, worn by clergy and servers in some Christian Churches (牧师和神职人员穿的)白长袍 [Old English albe from ecclesiastical Latin alba, fem. of Latin albus ‘white’]

albacore /ˈælbəkɔ:/ n.  1  a long-finned tunny, Thunnus alalunga ; also called 亦称作 germon 青花鱼 2  any of various other related fish 青花鱼科的鱼类 [Portuguese albacor, -cora, from Arabic al ‘the’ + bakr ‘young camel’ or bakūr ‘premature, precocious’]

Albania   阿尔巴尼亚

Albanian /ælˈbeiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Albania in SE Europe 阿尔巴尼亚人，阿尔巴尼亚国民b  a person of Albanian descent 阿尔巴尼亚血统的人 2  the language of Albania 阿尔巴尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Albania, its people, or its language 阿尔巴尼亚(人或语)的

albatross /ˈælbətrɒs/ n.  1  a  any long-winged stout-bodied bird of the family Diomedeidae related to petrels, inhabiting the Pacific and Southern Oceans 信天翁b  a source of frustration or guilt; an encumbrance (in allusion to Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner) 沉重的负担，无法摆脱的苦恼(语出英国诗人柯尔律治的《古舟子咏》) 2 Brit. Golf  a score of three strokes under par at any hole [英]【高尔夫球】低于标准杆 3 杆入洞 [alteration (influenced by Latin albus ‘white’) of 17th-c. alcatras, applied to various seabirds including the pelican, from Spanish and Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic alkɑˉdūs ‘the pitcher’ (probably from the belief that the pelican carried water in its bill)]

albedo /ælˈbi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the proportion of light or radiation reflected by a surface, esp. of a planet or moon (尤指植物或月亮对光的)反照率，反射率 [ecclesiastical Latin, = whiteness, from Latin albus ‘white’]

albeit /ɔ:lˈbi:it/ conj.  though 尽管，虽然  he tried, albeit without success  虽说没有成功，但他尝试过了 [ALL adv. + BE + IT1 pron., = although it be (that)]

Albert /ˈælbət/   艾伯特 [人名]

albert /ˈælbət/ n. Brit.  a watch-chain with a bar at one end for attaching to a buttonhole [英] (一端拴在衣扣眼上的)表链 [named after Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria, d. 1861]

albescent /ælˈbes(ə)nt/ adj.  growing or shading into white 正在变白的；漂白的 [Latin albescere albescent-, from albus ‘white’]

Albigenses /ælbiˈɡensi:z, -ˈdʒen-/ n. pl.  the members of a heretic sect in southern France in the 12th － 13th c. 阿尔比教派成员 (12 至 13 世纪法国南部的一个异教教派) □ Albigensian  adj.   [Latin, from Albi in S. France]

albino /ælˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white), and the eyes (which are usu. pink) 白化病患者；患白化症的动物 2  a plant lacking normal colouring 白化症植物 □ albinism  /ˈælbiniz(ə)m/ n.  □ albinotic  /ælbiˈnɒtik/ adj.   [Spanish & Portuguese (originally of albinos among African blacks), from Latin albo from albus ‘white’ + -ino = -INE1]

Albion /ˈælbiən/ n. (also 亦作 perfidious Albion)  Britain or England 阿尔比恩(指不列颠或英格兰) [Old English via Latin from Celtic, probably related to Latin albus ‘white’, with reference to the white cliffs of Dover: French la perfide Albion with reference to alleged treachery to other nations]

albite /ˈælbait/ n. Mineral.  a feldspar, usu. white, rich in sodium 【矿】钠长石 [Latin albus ‘white’ + -ITE1]

album /ˈælbəm/ n.  1  a blank book for the insertion of photographs, stamps, etc. 影册，相册；集邮册 2  a  a long-playing gramophone record 密纹唱片b  a set of recordings issued together 成套录音材料 [Latin, = a blank tablet, neut. of albus ‘white’]

albumen /ˈælbjʊmin/ n.  1  egg white 蛋白 2 Bot.  the substance found between the skin and germ of many seeds, usu. the edible part = ENDOSPERM 【植】 [Latin albumen -minis ‘white of egg’, from albus ‘white’]

albumin /ˈælbjʊmin/ n.  any of a class of water-soluble proteins found in egg white, milk, blood, etc. 清蛋白，蛋白素 □ albuminous  /ælˈbju:minəs/ adj.   [French albumine from Latin albumin-: see ALBUMEN]

albuminoid /ælˈbju:minɔid/ n.  = SCLEROPROTEIN 

albuminuria /ˌælbjʊmiˈnjʊəriə/ n.  the presence of albumin in the urine, usu. a symptom of kidney disease 蛋白尿(指尿液中有清蛋白，通常是肾脏有病的征兆)

alburnum /ælˈbɜ:nəm/ n.  = SAPWOOD  [Latin, from albus ‘white’]

alcahest var.  of ALKAHEST  ALKAHEST 的变体

alcaic /ælˈkeiik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the verse metre invented by Alcaeus, lyric poet of Mytilene c. 600 BC, occurring in four-line stanzas 阿尔卡乌斯(公元前 600 年左右古希腊抒情诗人)四行诗的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  alcaic verses 阿尔卡乌斯四行诗 [Late Latin alcaicus from Greek alkaikos, from Alkaios ‘Alcaeus’]

alcalde /ælˈkældi/ n.  a magistrate or mayor in a Spanish, Portuguese, or Latin American town (西班牙、葡萄牙或拉丁美洲的)市长；镇长 [Spanish from Arabic al-kɑˉdī ‘the judge’: see CADI]

alchemy /ˈælkimi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the medieval forerunner of chemistry, esp. seeking to turn base metals into gold or silver 炼金术；炼丹术 2  a miraculous transformation or the means of achieving this (改变事物的)魔力，神奇力量 □ alchemic  /ælˈkemik/ adj.  □ alchemical  /ælˈkemik(ə)l/ adj.  □ alchemist  n.  □ alchemize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French alkemie, alkamie and medieval Latin alchimia, -emia from Arabic alkīmiyɑˉ', from al ‘the’ + kīmiyɑˉ' from Greek khēmia, -meia ‘art of transmuting metals’]

alcheringa /æltʃəˈriŋɡə/ n. (in the mythology of some Australian Aboriginals) the ‘golden age’ when the first ancestors were created (澳大利亚土著神话中最早祖先出世时的)“黄金时代” [Aranda aljerre-nge ‘in the dreamtime’]

alcid /ˈælsid/ n.  a bird of the auk family, Alcidae 海雀科鸟类 [modern Latin Alcidae from genus name Alca: cf. AUK]

alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n.  1 (in full 全称 ethyl alcohol)  a colourless volatile inflammable liquid forming the intoxicating element in wine, beer, spirits, etc., and also used as a solvent, as fuel, etc. ; also called 亦称作 ethanol. Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H5OH 乙醇，酒精 2  drink containing this 含酒精的饮料  had always enjoyed food and alcohol  一向喜欢吃喝 3 Chem.  any of a large class of organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to carbon atoms 【化】醇 [earlier applied to powders, specifically kohl, and esp. those obtained by sublimation; hence, a distilled or rectified spirit: French or medieval Latin from Arabic al-kuhl, from al ‘the’ + kuhl KOHL]

alcohol-free adj.  1  not containing alcohol 不含酒精的 2  where, or during which, alcoholic drinks are not consumed 不喝酒的，无酒的

alcoholic /ælkəˈhɒlik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, containing, or caused by alcohol 酒精的；含酒精的；由酒精引起的；酗酒的 ●n.  a person suffering from alcoholism 酗酒者，酒徒；酒精中毒者

alcoholism /ˈælkəhɒliz(ə)m/ n.  1  an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor 酗酒，嗜酒 2  the diseased condition resulting from this 酒精中毒 [modern Latin alcoholismus (as ALCOHOL)]

alcoholometer /ælkəhɒˈlɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring alcoholic concentration 酒精浓度测试计，醇比重计 □ alcoholometry  n.  

alcove /ˈælkəʊv/ n.  a recess, esp. in the wall of a room or of a garden 壁龛，凹室 [French via Spanish alcoba from Arabic al-kubba, from al ‘the’ + kubba ‘vault’]

aldehyde /ˈældihaid/ n. Chem.  any of a class of compounds formed by the oxidation of alcohols (and containing the group -CHO) 【化】醛；乙醛 □ aldehydic  /ældiˈhidik/ adj.   [abbreviation of modern Latin alcohol dehydrogenatum ‘alcohol deprived of hydrogen’]

al dente /æl ˈdenti/ adj. & adv. (of pasta etc.) (cooked) so as to be still firm when bitten (面食等做得)很硬的，经得起咀嚼的 [Italian, literally ‘to the tooth’]

alder /ˈɔ:ldə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 alder tree)  a tree of the genus Alnus, related to the birch, bearing catkins and toothed leaves, esp. A. glutinosa, common in damp ground 桤木 2  the wood of this tree 桤木木材 [Old English alor, aler, related to Latin alnus, with euphonic d]

alder buckthorn n.  a shrub, Frangula alnus, related to the buckthorn 药炭鼠李

alder fly n.  a neuropterous insect of the genus Sialis, found near streams 泥蛉(一种脉翅类昆虫)

alderman /ˈɔ:ldəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 esp. hist.  a co-opted member of an English county or borough council, next in dignity to the Mayor [尤史义] (英格兰郡级或区级的)高级市政官(地位仅次于市长) 2 (fem. alderwoman, pl. -women) N. Amer. & Austral.  an elected member of a city council [北美澳]市议员，镇议员 □ aldermanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.  □ aldermanship  n.   [Old English aldor ‘patriarch’, from ald ‘old’ + MAN]

alderperson /ˈɔ:ldəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. N. Amer.  an alderman or alderwoman (used as a neutral alternative) [北美] (作为中性词使用)市议员，镇议员

Aldis lamp /ˈɔ:ldis/ n. propr.  a hand-held lamp for signalling in Morse code [商标]奥尔迪斯(手提莫尔斯码)信号灯 [A. C. W. Aldis d. 1953, its inventor]

aldosterone /ælˈdɒstərəʊn/ n. Physiol.  a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance 【生理】醛固酮，醛甾酮 [ALDEHYDE + STEROID + -ONE]

aldrin /ˈɔ:ldrin/ n.  a white crystalline chlorinated hydrocarbon formerly used as an insecticide 艾氏剂(一种白色晶体状杀虫剂) [K. Alder, German chemist d. 1958 + -IN]

ale /eil/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  beer (now usu. as a trade word) [尤英]啤酒(现常用于商标名) 2 N. Amer.  a type of beer fermented rapidly at high temperatures [北美]麦芽酒(一种高温快速发酵的啤酒) [Old English alu, from Germanic]

aleatoric /eiliəˈtɒrik, æl-/ adj.  1  depending on the throw of a die or on chance 掷点决定的，凭运气的 2 Mus. & Art  involving random choice by a performer or artist 【音】【艺术】肆意挥洒的，任意发挥的 [Latin aleatorius aleator ‘dice-player’, from alea ‘die’]

aleatory /ˈeiliət(ə)ri, ˈæl-/ adj.  = ALEATORIC  [as ALEATORIC]

Alec /ˈælik/   亚历克 [人名]

alec /ˈælik/ n. (also 亦作 aleck) Austral. slang  a stupid person [澳] [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋 [shortening of SMART ALEC]

alee /əˈli:/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on the lee or sheltered side of a ship (船的)背风的，下风的 2  to leeward 朝下风，向下风 [Middle English, from A2 + LEE]

alehouse /ˈeilhaʊs/ n. hist.  a tavern [史义]酒店，酒馆

alembic /əˈlembik/ n.  1 hist.  an apparatus formerly used in distilling [史义]蒸馏器 2  a means of refining or extracting 蒸馏(提纯)技术 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin alembicus from Arabic al-'anbīk, from al ‘the’ + 'anbīk ‘still’, from Greek ambix, -ikos ‘cup, cap of a still’]

aleph /ˈɑ:lef/ n.  the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet 希伯来字母表的第一个字母 [Hebrew 'ɑˉlep, literally ‘ox’]

alert /əˈlɜ:t/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  watchful or vigilant; ready to take action 警惕的，警觉的 2  nimble (esp. of mental faculties); attentive (尤指思维)敏捷的，活跃的；专注的 ●n.  1  a warning call or alarm 警示，警报 2  a  a warning of an air raid 空袭警报b  the duration of this 空袭警报期 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make alert; warn 报警，警告  were alerted to the danger  得到危险警告 □ on the alert   on the lookout against danger or attack 警惕监视(危险或袭击)□ alertly  adv.  □ alertness  n.   [French alerte from Italian all' erta ‘to the watchtower’]

-ales /ˈeili:z/ suffix  forming the plural names of orders of plants (Rosales 双子叶植物) 用于构成植物种类名词的复数形式 [pl. of Latin adjectival suffix -alis: see -AL]

aleurone /əˈljʊərəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 aleuron /-rən/) Biochem.  protein stored as granules in the seeds of plants etc. 【生化】糊粉，糊粉粒 [Greek aleuron ‘flour’]

A level n. Brit. [英]  = ADVANCED LEVEL  [abbreviation]

alewife /ˈeilwaif/ n. (pl. alewives)  a fish of the NW Atlantic, Alosa pseudoharengus, related to the herring 鲱科食用鱼(一种大西洋西北水域产的鲱科鱼) [17th-c.: origin uncertain]

Alex /ˈæliks/   亚历克斯 [人名]

Alexander /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndə/   亚历山大 [人名]

alexanders /æliɡˈzɑ:ndəz/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Smyrnium olusatrum, formerly used in salads but superseded by celery 一种伞花科植物(过去用于拌凉菜，后被芹菜取代) [Old English, from medieval Latin alexandrum]

Alexander technique /æliɡˈzɑ:ndə/ n.  a system of body awareness designed to promote well-being by ensuring minimum effort in maintaining postures and carrying out movements 亚历山大人体工艺学 [F. M. Alexander, Australian-born physiotherapist d. 1955]

Alexandra /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndrə/   亚历山德拉 [人名]

Alexandria /ˌæligˈzɑ:ndriə/ n.  亚历山大 [埃及港市]

Alexandrian /æliɡˈzɑ:ndriən/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of Alexandria in Egypt (埃及)亚历山大风格的，亚历山大特征的 2  a  belonging to or akin to the schools of literature and philosophy of Alexandria 亚历山大(属于或类似于)文学和哲学学派的b (of a writer) derivative or imitative; fond of recondite learning (指作家)没有创造性的；爱模仿的；爱故弄玄虚的；古奥艰深的

alexandrine /æliɡˈzɑ:ndrin, -ain/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a line of verse) having six iambic feet (诗行)具有 6 个音步的，亚历山大诗行的 ●n.  an alexandrine line 亚历山大诗行 [French alexandrin, from Alexandre = Alexander the Great, the subject of an Old French poem in this metre]

alexandrite /æliɡˈzɑ:ndrait/ n. Mineral.  a green variety of chrysoberyl, originally found in the Ural Mountains 【矿】(原产于乌拉尔山脉的)紫翠玉 [named after Tsar Alexander I of Russia: see -ITE1]

alexia /əˈleksiə, ei-/ n.  the inability to see words or to read, caused by a defect of the brain Cf. 参见 DYSLEXIA (由脑损伤造成的)不能读字，失读症 [modern Latin, A-1 + Greek lexis ‘speech’ from legein ‘speak’, confused with Latin legere ‘read’]

Alexis /əˈleksis/   亚历克西斯 [人名]

Alf /ælf/   阿尔夫 [人名]

alfalfa /ælˈfælfə/ n.  a leguminous plant, Medicago sativa, with clover-like leaves and flowers, grown for fodder and as a salad vegetable Also called 亦称作 LUCERNE 苜蓿(一种豆科植物，用作饲料，也可作凉拌菜) [Spanish, from Arabic al-fasfasa, a green fodder]

Alfie /ˈælfi/   阿尔菲 [人名]

Alfred /ˈælfrid/   艾尔弗雷德 [人名]

alfresco /ælˈfreskəʊ/ adv. & adj.  in the open air 在户外(的)，在露天(的)  we lunched alfresco  我们在户外用的午餐 an alfresco lunch  户外午餐 [Italian al fresco ‘in the fresh (air)’]

alga /ˈælɡə/ n. (pl. algae /ˈældʒi:, ˈælɡi:/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a non-flowering stemless usu. aquatic plant, esp. a seaweed or a single-celled plant 藻类，海藻 □ algal  adj.   [Latin]

algebra /ˈældʒibrə/ n.  1  the branch of mathematics that uses letters and other general symbols to represent numbers and quantities in formulae and equations 代数学 2  a system of this based on given axioms (基于某些公理的)代数系统  linear algebra  线性代数 the algebra of logic  逻辑代数 □ algebraic  /ældʒiˈbreiik/ adj.  □ algebraical  /ældʒiˈbreiik(ə)l/ adj.  □ algebraically  /ældʒiˈbreiik(ə)li/ adv.  □ algebraist  /ældʒiˈbreiist/ n.   [Italian, Spanish, and medieval Latin, from Arabic aljabr from al ‘the’ + jabr ‘reunion of broken parts’ from jabara ‘reunite’]

Algeria   阿尔及利亚

Algerian /ælˈdʒiəriən/ adj. & n.  阿尔及利亚的(人)

-algia /ˈældʒə/ comb. form Med.  denoting pain in a part specified by the first element (neuralgia 神经痛) [构词成分]【医】表示“疼痛” □ -algic  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Greek from algos ‘pain’]

algicide /ˈældʒisaid, ˈælɡi-/ n.  a preparation for destroying algae 灭藻剂，杀藻剂

Algiers /ælˈdʒiəz/ n.  阿尔及尔 [阿尔及利亚首都]

alginate /ˈældʒineit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of alginic acid, e.g. the sodium salt, used as a thickener 【化】藻酸盐，褐藻酸盐(用于增稠剂) [ALGA + -IN + -ATE1]

alginic acid /ælˈdʒinik/ n. Chem.  an insoluble carbohydrate found (chiefly as salts) in many brown seaweeds 【化】(许多褐藻带有的)藻酸 [ALGA + -IN + -IC]

Algol /ˈælɡɒl/ n.  a high-level computer programming language (一种高级的计算机)算法语言 [ALGORITHMIC (see ALGORITHM) + LANGUAGE]

algolagnia /ælɡəʊˈlæɡniə/ n.  sexual pleasure derived from inflicting pain on oneself or others; masochism or sadism 性受虐狂；性虐待狂 □ algolagnic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from German Algolagnie, from Greek algos ‘pain’ + lagneia ‘lust’]

algology /əlˈɡɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of algae 藻类学 □ algological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ algologist  n.  

Algonquian /ælˈɡɒŋkwiən, -ki-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Algonkian /-kiən/) ●n.  1  a member of any of a large group of scattered N. American Indian peoples 阿尔冈昆人(散居北美各地的印第安人) 2  any of the family of languages used by them, including Cree and Ojibwa 阿尔冈昆语(北美印第安人诸语言，包括克里语、奥吉韦语等) ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples or their languages 阿尔冈昆人的；阿尔冈昆语的 [Algonquin, N. American tribal name, + -IAN]

Algonquin /ælˈɡɒŋkwin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a N. American Indian people living in Canada along the Ottawa River and its tributaries 阿尔贡金人(居于加拿大渥太华河沿岸的印第安人) 2  the dialect of Ojibwa spoken by this people 阿尔贡金语(属奥吉韦方言) 3  = ALGONQUIANn. 1, 2  ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Algonquins or their language 阿尔贡金人的；阿尔贡金语的 2  = ALGONQUIANadj.  [French from an Algonquian word meaning ‘at the place of spearing fish and eels’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of Algonquin to refer to the Algonquian peoples or their languages (sense 3 above) is widespread but strictly incorrect. 用 Algonquin 一词表示阿尔贡金族人或语言(即上述释义 3) 的用法十分常见，但严格说来是不正确的。 

algorithm /ˈælɡərið(ə)m/ n.  1 Math.  a process or set of rules used for calculation or problem-solving, esp. with a computer 【数】(尤指计算机的)算法，运算规则 2 hist.  the Arabic or decimal notation of numbers [史义]阿拉伯数字，十进位计数 □ algorithmic  /-ˈriðmik/ adj.  □ algorithmically  /-ˈriðmik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English algorism, ultimately from Arabic al-Kuwɑˉrizmī, the cognomen of a 9th-c. mathematīcian: algorithm influenced by Greek arithmos ‘number’ (cf. French algorithme)]

alguacil /ælɡwəˈsil/ n. (also 亦作 alguazil /ælɡwəˈzil/)  1  a mounted official at a bullfight (斗牛场上骑马的)骑警 2  a constable or an officer of justice in Spain or Spanish-speaking countries (西班牙或说西班牙语国家的)警察；法官 [Spanish, from Arabic al-wazīr from al ‘the’ + wazīr: see VIZIER]

alias /ˈeiliəs/ adv. & n. ●adv.  also named or known as 亦叫作，亦称为 ●n.  a false or assumed name 假名，化名 [Latin, = at another time, otherwise]

alibi /ˈælibai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. alibis)  1  a claim, or the evidence supporting it, that when an alleged act took place one was elsewhere 不在现场的证明 2 disp.  an excuse of any kind; a pretext or justification [异议]托辞，借口 ●v. (alibis, alibied, alibiing) colloq. [口]  1 tr.  provide an alibi or offer an excuse for (a person) (为某人)提供不在现场的证明或托辞 2 intr.  provide an alibi 提供托辞 [Latin, = elsewhere]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the noun alibi in sense 2, meaning ‘an excuse’, is informal and to some people unacceptable. 单词 alibi 作为名词表示“借口”(即上述释义 2) 属非正式用法；而有人不接受该用法。 

Alice /ˈælis/   艾丽斯 [人名]

alicyclic /æliˈsaiklik, -ˈsik-/ adj. Chem.  of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds combining a cyclic structure with aliphatic properties, e.g. cyclohexane 【化】脂环的，脂环族的 [German alicyclisch (as ALIPHATIC, CYCLIC)]

alidade /ˈælideid/ n. Surveying & Astron.  a sighting device or pointer for determining directions or measuring angles 【测量学】【天】指方规，照准仪 [French via medieval Latin from Arabic al-ˈiḍɑˉda ‘the revolving radius’, from ˈaḍud ‘upper arm’]

alien /ˈeiliən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfamiliar; not in accordance or harmony; unfriendly, hostile; unacceptable or repugnant 陌生的；不合谐的；不友好的；敌意的；格格不入的  army discipline was alien to him  军纪使他很不适应 struck an alien note  不着边b (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  different or separated 不同的；分开的，独立的 2  foreign; from a foreign country 外国的，来自国外的  help from alien powers  来自国外力量的相助 3  of or relating to beings supposedly from other worlds; extraterrestrial 外来的；外星人的 4 Bot. (of a plant or animal species) introduced from elsewhere and naturalized 【植】(植物或动物物种)从他处引进而归化的 ●n.  1  a foreigner, esp. one who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living (尤指尚未归化为某国公民的)外国人；外侨 2  a being from another world 外星人 3  an alien plant or animal species (植物或动物的)引进物种 □ alienness  /ˈeiliənnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin alienus ‘belonging to another’, from alius ‘other’]

alienable /ˈeiliənəb(ə)l/ adj. Law  able to be transferred to new ownership 【法律】可让与的，可让渡的 □ alienability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

alienage /ˈeiliənidʒ/ n.  the state or condition of being an alien 外侨身份，外侨地位

alienate /ˈeiliəneit/ v. tr.  1  a  cause (a person) to become unfriendly or hostile 使(人)不友好；离间b (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  cause (a person) to feel isolated or estranged from (friends, society, etc.) 使感到孤立；使疏远(朋友、社会等) 2  transfer ownership of (property) to another person etc. 转让，让渡(财产) □ alienator  n.   [Middle English from Latin alienare alienat- (as ALIEN)]

alienation /eiliəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or result of alienating 疏远，不和 2 (in full 全称 alienation effect) Theatr.  a dramatic effect whereby an audience remains objective, not identifying with the characters or action of a play 【戏】间离效果，陌生化效果(一种让观众保持客观态度、不与剧中人物或情节认同的艺术效果) [in sense 2 a translation of German Verfremdungseffekt]

alienist /ˈeiliənist/ n. US  a psychiatrist, esp. a legal adviser on psychiatric problems [美] (尤指作为法律顾问的)精神病学家，精神病医师 [French aliéniste (as ALIEN)]

aliform /ˈeilifɔ:m/ adj.  wing-shaped 翼状的，翅状的 [modern Latin aliformis, from Latin ala ‘wing’: see -FORM]

alight1 /əˈlait/ v. intr. (alighted)  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  descend from a vehicle 从车上下来b  dismount from a horse 从马上下来 2  descend and settle; come to earth from the air 降下，落下，落脚；从飞机上下来 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  find by chance; notice 偶然发现；注意到 [Old English ɑˉlīhtan (as A-2, līhtan LIGHT2 v.)]

alight2 /əˈlait/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  on fire; burning 着火(的)；燃烧着(的)  they set the old shed alight  他们把那个旧棚子点着了 is the fire still alight?  火还在燃烧吗？ 2  lit up; excited 容光满面的；激动的  eyes alight with expectation  流露出期待的眼光 [Middle English, probably from the phrase on a light (= lighted) fire]

align /əˈlain/ v. tr.  1  put in a straight line or bring into line 使成一直线；排成行  three books were neatly aligned on the shelf  架子上整齐地摆着 3 本书 2 esp. Polit. (尤)【政】 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  bring (oneself etc.) into agreement or alliance with (a cause, policy, political party, etc.) 使(自己等和事业、政策、政党等)保持一致 □ alignment  n.   [French aligner from the phrase ɑˋ ligne ‘into line’: see LINE1]

alike /əˈlaik/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  similar, like one another; indistinguishable 相像的；难以区分的 ●adv.  in a similar way or manner 类似地，同样地  all were treated alike  全都一视同仁 [Old English gelīc and Old Norse glíkr (LIKE1)]

aliment /ˈælim(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  food 食物，食粮 2  support or mental sustenance 生活供给；精神食粮 □ alimental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from French aliment or Latin alimentum, from alere ‘nourish’]

alimentary /æliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  of, relating to, or providing nourishment or sustenance 食物的；营养物的 [Latin alimentarius (as ALIMENT)]

alimentary canal n. Anat.  the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion 【解】(从口到肛门的)消化道

alimentation /ˌælim(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  nourishment; feeding 营养；供给食物 2  maintenance, support; supplying with the necessities of life 供养，抚养；生活必需品供给 [French alimentation or medieval Latin alimentatio, from alimentare (as ALIMENT)]

alimony /ˈæliməni/ n. esp. US  money payable by a man to his wife or former wife or by a woman to her husband or former husband after they are separated or divorced (in UK use now replaced by maintenance) [尤美] (夫妻离异或分居后向对方支付的)赡养费(英国现改称为 maintenance) [Latin alimonia ‘nutriment’, from alere ‘nourish’]

A-line /ˈeilain/ adj. (of a garment) having a narrow waist or shoulders and a slightly flared skirt (指服装)A 字型的(腰部或肩部窄，裙子稍呈喇叭形)

aliphatic /æliˈfætik/ adj. Chem.  of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains, not aromatic rings 【化】脂肪族的，脂肪质的 [Greek aleiphar -atos ‘fat’]

aliquot /ˈælikwɒt/ adj. & n. ●adj. Math. (of a part or portion) contained by the whole an integral or whole number of times 【数】能整除的，除得尽的  4 is an aliquot part of 12  4 能被 12 整除 ●n.  1 Math.  an aliquot part; an integral factor 【数】能整除部分；整除数，约数 2  a known fraction of a whole; a sample 整体的一个已知部分；样品 [French aliquote, from Latin aliquot ‘some, so many’]

Alisdair /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

Alison /ˈælisn/   艾莉森 [人名]

Alistair /ˈælistə(r)/   阿利斯泰尔 [人名]

alive /əˈlaiv/ adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1 (of a person, animal, plant, etc.) living, not dead (人、动物、植物等)活着的，在世的 2  a (of a thing) existing; continuing; in operation or action (事物)仍然存在的；继续的；在运作或起作用的  kept his interest alive  继续保持他的兴趣b  under discussion; provoking interest 在讨论中的；引起兴趣的  the topic is still very much alive today  这个话题仍是今天的热门 3 (of a person or animal) lively, active (人或动物)活泼的，活跃的 4  charged with an electric current; connected to a source of electricity 充电的，通电的，带电的 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  aware of; alert or responsive to 意识到的；警觉的；对…有反应的 6 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  swarming or teeming with 云集的，群集的b  full of 充满的 □ alive and kicking  colloq.  very active; lively [口]十分活跃的，很有生气的□ alive and well   still alive or active (esp. despite contrary assumptions or rumours 尤指与推测或传闻相反) 依然健在的□ aliveness  n.   [Old English on līfe (as A2, LIFE)]

alizarin /əˈliz(ə)rin/ n.  1  the red colouring matter of madder root, used in dyeing 茜草根的红色素(用作染料) 2 (作 attrib.) (of a dye) derived from or similar to this pigment (染料)源自于茜素的 [French alizarine from alizari ‘madder’, from Arabic al-ˈiṣɑˉra ‘pressed juice’ from ˈaṣara ‘to press fruit’]

alkahest /ˈælkəhest/ n. (also 亦作 alcahest)  the universal solvent sought by alchemists (炼金术士所寻找的)万能熔剂 [sham Arabic, probably invented by Paracelsus]

alkali /ˈælkəlai/ n. (pl. alkalis)  1 Chem.  any of a class of substances which neutralize acids and turn litmus blue, typically dissolving in water to form often caustic solutions with a pH of more than 7, containing free hydroxide ions; a soluble base 【化】碱，碱性物质 (pH 值大于 7 ，含有自由氢离子) 2  any soluble salt present in excess in the soil (土壤中大量存在的)可溶性无机盐 □ alkalimeter  /ælkəˈlimitə/ n.  □ alkalimetry  /ælkəˈlimitri/ n.   [Middle English, applied to a saline substance derived from the ashes of various plants: from medieval Latin, from Arabic al-kalī ‘calcined ashes’ of the glasswort etc., from kala ‘fry’]

alkali metal n.  any of the monovalent group of metals, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and caesium, whose hydroxides are alkalis 碱金属(如锂、钠、钾、铷、铯等单价金属，其氢氧化物呈碱性)

alkaline /ˈælkəlain/ adj.  of, relating to, or having the nature of an alkali; rich in alkali 碱的；碱性的；含碱量过多的 □ alkalinity  /ælkəˈliniti/ n.  

alkaline earth n.  1 (in full 全称 alkaline earth metal)  any of the divalent group of metals, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium 碱土，碱土金属(如铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、镭等) 2  a basic oxide of an element of this group 碱土氧化物

alkaloid /ˈælkəlɔid/ n. Chem.  any of a series of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin, many of which are used as drugs, e.g. morphine, quinine 【化】生物碱，植物碱基(其中许多可用作药品，如吗啡、奎宁) [German (as ALKALI)]

alkalosis /ælkəˈləʊsis/ n. Med.  an excessive alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues 【医】碱中毒

alkane /ˈælkein/ n. Chem.  any of a series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, including methane, ethane, and propane 【化】链烷(分子式为 CnH2n+2) [ALKYL + -ANE2]

alkanet /ˈælkənet/ n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Alkanna, esp. A. tinctoria, yielding a red dye from its roots 紫朱草(其根可提制红色染料)b  the dye itself 朱红染料 2  any of various similar plants 牛舌草 [Middle English from Spanish alcaneta, diminutive of alcana, from Arabic al-hinnɑˉ' = the henna shrub]

alkene /ˈælki:n/ n. Chem.  any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a double bond and having the general formula CnH2n, including ethylene and propene 【化】烯烃(分子式为 CnH2n) [ALKYL + -ENE]

alky /ˈælki/ n. (also 亦作 alkie) (pl. -ies) slang  an alcoholic [俚语]酒鬼，酒徒

alkyd /ˈælkid/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  any of a group of synthetic resins derived from various alcohols and acids 【化】醇酸树脂 [ALKYL + ACID]

alkyl /ˈælkail, -kil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  a radical derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】烷基，烃基 [German Alkohol ALCOHOL + -YL]

alkylate /ˈælkileit/ v. tr. Chem.  introduce an alkyl radical into (a compound) 【化】使烷基化(使烷基成为化合物)

alkyne /ˈælkain/ n. Chem.  any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a triple bond and having the general formula CnH2n-2, including acetylene 【化】炔；炔烃(分子式为 CnH2n-2) [ALKYL + -YNE]

all /ɔ:l/ predet., pron., n. & adv. ●predet.  1  a  the whole amount, quantity, or extent of 全部的，一切的，所有的  all the upheaveal  所有剧变 all this clutter  这一切混乱 waited all day  等了一整天 all his life  他的一生b (with pl. 与复数连用)  the entire number of 全体的，全数的  all the others left  剩下的其他所有人 all ten men  全体 10 个人 2  any whatever 任何，不论何种  beyond all doubt  不容任何怀疑 3  greatest possible 尽量的；极度的  with all speed  以最高速度 ●pron.  1  a  all the persons or things concerned 所有的(人或东西)；全体，大家  all were present  所有的人都到场了 all were thrown away  所有的东西都扔掉了b  everything 每样东西，一切  all is lost  一切都失去了 that is all  这就是全部 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the whole of 全部，全数  take all of it  一齐拿走b  every one of 每一个，所有  all of us  我们所有c colloq.  as much as [口]多至…，多达…  all of six feet tall  足足 6 英尺高d colloq.  affected by; in a state of [口]受到影响的；处于…的状态  all of a dither  全都慌作一团 ●n. (prec. by 前接 my, your, etc.)  one's whole strength or resources 所有的一切，竭尽所能  gave his all  付出了他的全部 ●adv.  1  a  entirely, quite 整个，全然  dressed all in black  穿一身黑衣 all round the room  屋里上上下下b  as an intensifier 完全地(表示强调)  a book all about ships  一本全是关于轮船的书 stop all this grumbling  不要再这样咕咕哝哝了 it was all too clear  再清楚不过了 2 Brit. colloq.  very [英口]非常，很  went all shy  变得非常害羞 3 (foll. by 后跟 the + compar.)  a  by so much; to that extent 十分，完全  if they go, all the better  他们要去那太好了b  in the full degree to be expected 全然，在最大程度上  that makes it all the worse  那使事情遭透了 4 (in games) on both sides (比赛)双方的  two goals all  双方各进两球 □ all along   all the time 一直，始终  he was joking all along  他一直是在开玩笑□ all and sundry   everyone 每一个，全体□ all but   very nearly 几乎，差点  it was all but impossible  这几乎不可能 he was all but drowned  他差点被淹死□ all for  colloq.  strongly in favour of [口]极力赞同，力主□ all in  colloq.  exhausted [口]耗尽的，筋疲力竭的□ all in all   everything considered 总之，从各方面来说□ all manner of   see 见 MANNER □ all of a sudden   see 见 SUDDEN □ all one (or the same)  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a matter of indifference 无差别，都一样  it's all one to me  这对我都一样□ all out   involving all one's strength or resources; at full speed 竭尽全力；全速 also, with hyphen, attrib. 亦加连字符作定语 : an all-out effort  竭尽全力□ all over   1  completely finished 完成，全部结束 2  in or on all parts of (esp. the body) 到处遍及；(尤指身体的)各部，浑身上下  went hot and cold all over  全身一阵冷一阵热 mud all over the carpet  地毯上全是泥 3 colloq.  typically [口]典型地，简直  that is you all over  你就是这样 4 slang  effusively attentive to (a person) [俚语]向(某人)献殷情□ all right ● predic. adj.  satisfactory; safe and sound; in good condition; adequate 满意的；安然无恙的；完好的；适当的 ●adv.  1  satisfactorily, as desired 满意地；如愿地  it worked out all right  这事得到了圆满解决 2  as an intensifier (表示强调)确实，无疑地  that's the one all right  确实就是那个●int.  an interjection expressing consent or assent to a proposal or order (表示同意的感叹词)好，行，可以□ all round (US also [美亦] all around)   1  in all respects 全面地；整体上  a good performance all round  整体上一次不错的演出 2  for each person 每一个人  he bought drinks all round  他给每一个人都买了饮料□ all the same   nevertheless, in spite of this 仍然，仍旧  he was innocent but was punished all the same  他虽然是无辜的，但仍然受到了惩罚□ all set  colloq.  ready to start [口]准备就绪，待发□ all standing   1 Naut.  without time to lower the sails 【海】没有时间落帆 2  taken by surprise 出其不意地，突袭地□ all there  (usu. in neg. 通常用否定形式) colloq.  mentally alert; not mentally deficient [口] (精神上)警觉的；不分心的□ all the time   see 见 TIME □ all together   all at once; all in one place or in a group (cf. 参见 ALTOGETHER) 一起，全体  they came all together  他们全都来了□ all told   in all 总计，全数□ all very well  colloq.  an expression used to reject or to imply scepticism about a favourable or consoling remark [口]一切都很不错(对安慰或美意表示拒绝或怀疑用语)□ all the way   the whole distance; completely 远道，一路上；从头到尾□ at all  (with neg. or interrog. 用于否定或问句)  in any way; to any extent 根本；在任何情况下；在任何程度上  did not swim at all  根本不游泳 did you like it at all?  你到底喜欢它吗？□ be all up with   see 见 UP □ in all   in total number; altogether 总共，合计；总之  there were 10 people in all  总共有 10 个人□ on all fours   see 见 FOUR  [Old English all, eall, probably from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 All of meaning ‘the whole of, every one of’ is usual before pronouns (e.g. all of it, all of us) and emphatically, often paralleling none of, some of, etc., before nouns (e.g. all of the advantages but none of the disadvantages) Otherwise, all + noun is normal, (e.g. phoned all his friends, ate all the bread). See also Usage Notes at ALRIGHT and ALTOGETHER. 在用 all of 表示“全体，每一个”时一般置于代词之前，如 all of it (所有这些)和 all of us (我们大家)，并与 none of 、 some of 等平行表示强调，如 all of the advantages but none of the disadvantages (所有的优点，但没有任何缺点)；否则，正常的用法是 all 后跟名词，如 phoned all his friends 给他所有的朋友打了电话； ate all the bread (把面包全吃光了)。另见 ALRIGHT 和 ALTOGETHER 的用法注释。 

alla breve /ælə ˈbreivi/ n. Mus.  a time signature indicating 2 or 4 minim beats in a bar 【音】二分音符(表示两拍或四拍) [Italian, = at the BREVE]

alla cappella var.  of A CAPPELLA  A CAPPELLA 的变体

Allah /ˈælə, əˈlɑ:/ n.  the name of God among Arabs and Muslims 阿拉，安拉，真主(阿拉伯及穆斯林的神) [Arabic ˈallɑˉh, contraction of al-ˈilɑˉh, from al ‘the’ + ˈilɑˉh ‘god’]

all-American adj. & n. ●adj.  1  representing the whole of (or only) America or the US 全美国的；仅美国的 2  truly American 真正美国的  all-American boy  真正的美国男孩 3 (also 亦作 all-America) US  honoured as one of the best amateur sportsmen in the US [美]被选为全美最佳运动员的 ●n. (also 亦作 all-America) US  an all-American sportsman [美]全美最佳运动员

Allan /ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

allantois /əˈlæntəʊis/ n. (pl. allantoides /-idi:z/) Biol.  the foetal membrane lying below the chorion in embryonic reptiles, birds, and mammals 【生】尿囊 □ allantoic  /ælənˈtəʊik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek allantoeidēs ‘sausage-shaped’]

all-around attrib. adj. US [美]  = ALL-ROUND 

allay /əˈlei/ v. tr.  1  diminish (fear, suspicion, etc.) 平息消除(恐惧、怀疑等) 2  relieve or alleviate (pain, hunger, etc.) 减轻，缓解(疼痛、饥饿等) [Old English ɑˉlecgan (as A-2, LAY1)]

All Blacks n. pl. colloq.  the New Zealand international Rugby Union football team [口]黑衫队(指新西兰国际橄榄球联合会球队) [from their black strip]

all-clear n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a signal that danger or difficulty is over 一切正常(用于表示危险或困难结束了)  had further tests and was given the all-clear  进一步检测得知一切正常

all comers n. pl.  any applicants (with reference to a position, or esp. a challenge to a champion, that is unrestricted in entry) 全体申请者，所有报名者(指为获得某个位置或尤指向某位冠军挑战，没有报名限制)

all-day attrib. adj.  lasting or available throughout the day 整整一天的，全天的

allegation /æliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an assertion, esp. an unproved one; an accusation (尤指未经证实的)说法，陈述；指控 2  the act or an instance of alleging or accusing 断言；声称 [Middle English from French allégation or Latin allegatio, from allegare ‘allege’]

allege /əˈledʒ/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  declare to be the case, esp. without proof (尤指没有证据地)断言；声称，宣称 2  advance as an argument or excuse 提出理由；辩解 □ alleged  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French alegier, Old French esligier ‘clear at law’; confused in sense with Latin allegare: see ALLEGATION]

allegedly /əˈledʒidli/ adv.  as is alleged or said to be the case 依其陈述；据说，据称

allegiance /əˈli:dʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  loyalty (to a person or cause etc.) (对人、事业等的)忠实，忠诚 2  the duty of a subject to his or her sovereign or government (臣民对其君主或政府)应尽的职责，义务 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French ligeance (as LIEGE): perhaps associated with ALLIANCE]

allegorical /æliˈɡɒrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 allegoric /-rik/)  consisting of or relating to allegory; by means of allegory 寓言的，寓意的；讽喻的 □ allegorically  adv.  

allegorize /ˈæliɡ(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat as or by means of an allegory 使寓言化；以讽喻方式叙述 □ allegorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

allegory /ˈæliɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a story, play, poem, picture, etc., in which the meaning or message is represented symbolically 寓言 2  the use of such symbols 寓意；讽喻 3  a symbol 符号，象征 □ allegorist  n.   [Middle English via Old French allegorie and Latin allegoria from Greek allēgoria, from allos ‘other’ + -agoria ‘speaking’]

allegretto /æliˈɡretəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a fairly brisk tempo 稍快地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an allegretto passage or movement 小快板；小快板演奏 [Italian, diminutive of ALLEGRO]

allegro /əˈleiɡrəʊ, -ˈleɡ-/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a brisk tempo 快速地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  an allegro passage or movement 快板；快板演奏 [Italian, = lively, gay]

allele /ˈæli:l/ n. (also 亦作 allel /ˈælel/)  one of the (usu. two) alternative forms of a gene, found at the same place on a chromosome 等位基因，对偶基因 □ allelic  /əˈli:lik/ adj.   [German Allel, abbreviation of ALLELOMORPH]

allelomorph /əˈli:ləʊmɔ:f/ n.  = ALLELE  □ allelomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [Greek allēl- ‘one another’ + morphē ‘form’]

alleluia /æliˈlu:jə/ int. & n. (also 亦作 alleluya, hallelujah /hæl-/) ●int.  God be praised 哈利路亚(对上帝的赞美) ●n.  1  praise to God 赞美上帝 2  a song of praise to God 赞美上帝之歌 3 RC Ch.  the part of the Mass including this 【天主教】(弥撒中的)唱赞美歌仪式 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek allēlouia (in the Septuagint), from Hebrew hallělūyɑˉh ‘praise ye the Lord’]

allemande /ˈælmɑ:nd, ælmɒ˜d/ n.  1  a  the name of several German dances 阿勒曼德舞(德国几种民间舞蹈)b  the music for any of these, esp. as a movement of a suite 阿勒曼德舞曲 2  a figure in a country dance 乡村舞步型 [French, = German (dance)]

all-embracing adj.  embracing or including much or all; comprehensive 包罗万象的；综合的

Allen /ˈælin, ˈælən/   艾伦 [人名]

Allen key /ˈælən/ n. propr.  a spanner designed to fit into and turn an Allen screw [商标]阿伦螺钉扳手 [Allen, the name of the US manufacturer]

Allen screw /ˈælən/ n. propr.  a screw with a hexagonal socket in the head [商标]阿伦螺钉(一种顶部为六方凹槽的螺钉)，内六方螺钉 [as ALLEN KEY]

allergen /ˈælədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any substance that causes an allergic reaction 过敏原，变应原 □ allergenic  /æləˈdʒenik/ adj.   [ALLERGY + -GEN]

allergic /əˈlɜ:dʒik/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  having an allergy to 过敏的，对…过敏的b colloq.  having a strong dislike for (a person or thing) [口] (对人或物)反感的，厌恶的 2  caused by or relating to an allergy 过敏引起的；与过敏有关的

allergy /ˈælədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Med.  a damaging immune response by the body to a substance (esp. a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust) to which it has become hypersensitive 【医】(尤指对某种食物、花粉、毛皮、粉尘等)变应性，过敏性 2 colloq.  an antipathy [口]反感，厌恶 □ allergist  n.   [German Allergie, on the pattern of Energie ENERGY, from Greek allos ‘other’]

alleviate /əˈli:vieit/ v. tr.  lessen or make less severe (pain, suffering, etc.) 使缓和，使减轻(疼痛、受苦等) □ alleviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ alleviative  /-viətiv/ adj.  □ alleviator  n.  □ alleviatory  /-viət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin alleviare ‘lighten’, from Latin allevare (as AD-, levare ‘raise’)]

alley1 /ˈæli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 (also 亦作 alleyway)  a  a narrow street 小街，小巷b  a narrow passageway, esp. between or behind buildings 后街 2  a path or walk in a park or garden (公园或花园中的)小路，小径 3  an enclosure for skittles, bowling, etc. (滚木球、保龄球等的)球道；球场 [Middle English, from Old French alee ‘walking, passage’ from aler ‘go’, from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

alley2 var.  of ALLY2  ALLY2 的变体

alley cat n.  a stray town cat, often mangy or half wild (街上的)野猫

all flesh n.  all human and animal creation 众生(指人和所有动物)

All Fools' Day var.  of APRIL FOOL'S DAY  APRIL FOOL'S DAY 的变体

All Hallows /ˈhæləʊz/ n.  All Saints' Day, 1 Nov. 万圣节 (11 月 1 日)

alliaceous /æliˈeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the genus Allium, which includes onion, garlic, leek, etc. 葱属植物的(包括洋葱、大蒜、韭菜等) 2  tasting or smelling like onion or garlic 葱味的；大蒜味的 [modern Latin alliaceus, from Latin allium ‘garlic’]

alliance /əˈlaiəns/ n.  1  a  union or agreement to cooperate, esp. of states by treaty or families by marriage 联盟，结盟；联姻b  the parties involved 盟友，盟邦 2 (作 Alliance)  a political party formed by the allying of separate parties (政治上的)同盟党 3  a relationship resulting from an affinity in nature or qualities etc. (因性质相似而具有的)共同点；相似性  the old alliance between logic and metaphysics  逻辑学与形而上学的古老联系 4 Bot.  a group of allied families 【植】群落属 [Middle English from Old French aliance (as ALLY1)]

allicin /ˈælisin/ n. Biochem.  a pungent oily liquid with antibacterial properties, present in garlic 【生化】蒜素(刺激性液体，有杀菌作用) [Latin allium ‘garlic’]

allied /ˈælaid, əˈlaid/ adj.  1  a  united or associated in an alliance 联盟的，结盟的b (作 Allied)  of or relating to Britain and her allies in the First and Second World Wars (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的；(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的 2  connected or related 有联系的，相关的  studied medicine and allied subjects  学习医学和相关学科 [past part. of ALLY1]

alligator /ˈæliɡeitə/ n.  1  a large reptile of the order Crocodilia native to the Americas and China, with upper teeth that lie outside the lower teeth and a head broader and shorter than that of the crocodile (产于美洲和中国的)短吻鳄 2 (in general use) any of several large members of this order (通常指)鳄鱼 3  a  the skin of such an animal or material resembling it 短吻鳄皮(或皮革)；鳄鱼皮(或皮革)b (in pl. 用复数)  shoes of this 鳄鱼皮皮鞋 [Spanish el lagarto ‘the lizard’, from Latin lacerta]

alligator clip n.  a clip with teeth for gripping 鳄鱼夹，弹簧夹

alligator pear n. esp. N. Amer.  an avocado [尤北美]鳄梨；鳄梨树

alligator snapper n. (also 亦作 alligator tortoise)  a large freshwater snapping turtle found around the Gulf of Mexico (产于墨西哥湾的一种凶猛的)淡水大鳖

all-important adj.  crucial; vitally important 决定性的；至关重要的

all-in attrib. adj. Brit.  inclusive of all [英]包括一切的，全面的

all-inclusive adj.  including all or everything 包罗万象的，所有的

all-in-one adj.  combining two or more items in a single unit 几部分合一的  all-in-one shampoo and conditioner  洗发护发合一产品

all-in wrestling n. esp. Brit.  wrestling with few or no restrictions [尤英] (限制很少或没有限制的)角斗，格斗

alliterate /əˈlitəreit/ v.  1 intr.  a  contain alliteration 押头韵b  use alliteration in speech or writing (在写或说中)用头韵法 2 tr.  a  construct (a phrase etc.) with alliteration 用头韵(造句等)b  speak or pronounce with alliteration 用头韵(说或发音) □ alliterative  /əˈlit(ə)rətiv/ adj.   [back-formation from ALLITERATION]

alliteration /əlitəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words (e.g. 如 cool, calm, and collected) 头韵；头韵法 [modern Latin alliteratio (as AD-, littera ‘letter’)]

allium /ˈæliəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Allium, usu. bulbous and strong-smelling, e.g. onion and garlic 葱属植物(如葱蒜等) [Latin, = garlic]

all-night attrib. adj.  lasting or available throughout the night 通宵的；通宵服务的

allo- /ˈæləʊ/ comb. form  other (allophone 异声 ; allogamy 异化授粉) [构词成分]异，另外 [Greek allos ‘other’]

allocate /ˈæləkeit/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  assign or devote to (a purpose, person, or place) 分配，分派；划拨，拨给 □ allocable  /ˈæləkəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ allocation  /æləˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ allocator  n.   [medieval Latin allocare (as AL-, locus ‘place’)]

allochthonous /əˈlɒkθənəs/ adj. Geol. (of a deposit) formed at a distance from its present position (cf. 参见 AUTOCHTHONOUS 3) 【地质】(指矿藏)移置的，外来的 [ALLO- + Greek khthōn -onos ‘earth’]

allocution /æləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a formal or hortatory speech or manner of address 训示，训谕 [Latin allocutio, from alloqui allocut- ‘speak to’ (as AL-, loqui ‘speak’)]

allogamy /əˈlɒɡəmi/ n. Bot.  cross-fertilization in plants 【植】异花受粉；异体受精 [ALLO- + Greek -gamia, from gamos ‘marriage’]

allograft /ˈæləɡrɑ:ft/ n.  a tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical (cf. 参见 HOMOGRAFT) 同种异体移植物 [ALLO- + GRAFT1]

allomorph /ˈæləmɔ:f/ n. Linguistics  any of two or more alternative forms of a morpheme 【语言学】语素变体，词素变体 □ allomorphic  /æləˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [ALLO- + MORPHEME]

allopath /ˈæləpæθ/ n.  a person who practises allopathy 采用对抗疗法的人 [French allopathe, back-formation from allopathie = ALLOPATHY]

allopathy /əˈlɒpəθi/ n.  the treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e. with drugs having opposite effects to the symptoms (cf. 参见 HOMOEOPATHY) 对抗疗法(即采用对病症的好转起反作用的疗法) □ allopathic  /æləˈpæθik/ adj.  □ allopathist  n.   [German Allopathie (as ALLO-, -PATHY)]

allopatric /æləˈpætrik/ adj. Biol.  occurring in separate geographical areas 【生】在不同地区生长的；分布区不重叠的 [ALLO- + Greek patra ‘fatherland’]

allophone /ˈæləfəʊn/ n. Linguistics  any of the variant sounds forming a single phoneme 【语言学】音位变体 □ allophonic  /æləˈfɒnik/ adj.   [ALLO- + PHONEME]

allot /əˈlɒt/ v. tr. (allotted, allotting)  1  give or apportion to (a person) as a share or task; distribute officially to (按人正式)分配，分派  they allotted us each a pair of boots  他们分给我们每人一双靴子 the men were allotted duties  那些人被分派了工作 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give or distribute officially to (正式)分给，分发  a sum was allotted to each charity  每次慈善活动都得到一笔拨款 [Old French aloter (as A-3 + LOT)]

allotment /əˈlɒtm(ə)nt/ n.  1 Brit.  a small piece of land rented (usu. from a local authority) for cultivation [英] (通常从当地政府租来的)小块耕地 2  a share allotted 分得份额 3  the action of allotting 分配，分发

allotrope /ˈælətrəʊp/ n.  each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist 同素异形体  graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon  石墨、焦炭和钻石都是碳的同素异形体 [back-formation from ALLOTROPY]

allotropy /əˈlɒtrəpi/ n.  the existence of two or more different physical forms of a chemical element 同素异形(现象) □ allotropic  /æləˈtrɒpik/ adj.  □ allotropical  /æləˈtrɒpik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek allotropos ‘of another form’, (as ALLO- + tropos ‘manner’ from trepō ‘turn’)]

allottee /əlɒˈti:/ n.  a person to whom something is allotted 接受分配的人

all-out  see 见 all out (ALL) 

all-over attrib. adj.  covering the whole of something 整个的，遍布的  an all-over tan  全身晒黑

allow /əˈlaʊ/ v.  1 tr.  permit (a practice, a person to do something, a thing to happen or be done, etc.) 准许，允许(某一行为、某人做某事、某事发生等)  smoking is not allowed  不准吸烟 we allowed them to speak  我们允许他们发言 2 tr.  give or provide; permit (a person) to have (a limited quantity or sum) 给，提供(一定数量)  we were allowed £ 500 a year  我们每年可得到 500 英镑 3 tr.  provide or set aside for a purpose; add or deduct in consideration of something 留出；(为某种目的)增加或扣除  allow 10% for inflation  留出 10% 应付通货膨胀 4 tr.  a  admit, agree, concede 同意，赞成；让步  he allowed that it was so  他承认事情就是这样 ‘You know best, ’ he allowed  “你最了解此事”，他让步道b dial.  assert; be of the opinion [方]断言；认为 5 refl.  permit oneself, indulge oneself in (conduct) 放任，听任  allowed herself to be persuaded  甘愿她自己被说服 allowed myself a few angry words  信口说了几句生气的话 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  admit of 允许进入，放行 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  take into consideration or account; make addition or deduction corresponding to 考虑；把…考虑进去；根据…增减  allowing for wastage  把损耗算进去 □ allowable  adj.  □ allowably  adv.   [Middle English, originally = ‘praise, assign as a right’, from Old French alouer, partly from Latin allaudare ‘to praise’, partly from medieval Latin allocare ‘to place’: see ALLOCATE]

allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an amount or sum allowed to a person, esp. regularly for a stated purpose 津贴，补贴b N. Amer. [北美]  = POCKET MONEY 2  2  an amount allowed in reckoning 限额，配给额；定量 3  a deduction or discount 折扣  an allowance on your old cooker  你那个旧炊具的折扣 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  tolerance of 对…的容忍，认可 ●v. tr.  1  make an allowance to (a person) 给(某人)补贴，津贴 2  supply in limited quantities 限量供给 □ make allowances  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  1  take into consideration (mitigating circumstances) 考虑到(可使过失减轻的情节)  made allowances for his demented state  考虑到他的精神错乱状态 2  look with tolerance upon; make excuses for (a person, bad behaviour, etc.) 容忍；谅解(某人或不良行为等) [Middle English from Old French alouance (as ALLOW)]

allowedly /əˈlaʊidli/ adv.  as is generally allowed or acknowledged 公认地，为人们所承认地

alloy n. & v. ●n. /ˈælɔi/  1  a mixture of two or more chemical elements at least one of which is a metal, e.g. brass (a mixture of copper and zinc) 合金(例如黄铜是铜锌合金) 2  an inferior metal mixed esp. with gold or silver (尤指与金或银熔合的)贱金属 ●v. tr. /əˈlɔi/  1  mix (metals) 将(金属)熔炼成合金 2  a  debase (a pure substance) by admixture (通过混合)降低纯度b  reduce the quality or spoil the character of a thing by adding something else (通过添加物质)破坏质量；降低品位 3  moderate 使缓和 [French aloi (n.), aloyer (v.) via Old French aloier, aleier ‘combine’ from Latin alligare ‘bind’]

all-party attrib. adj.  involving all (esp. political) parties 涉及所有(尤指政治)党派的

all-pervading adj. (also 亦作 all-pervasive)  pervading everything 四处弥漫的；无孔不入的

all-points bulletin n. US  a general alert issued among police officers, esp. one giving information for the capture of a suspected criminal [美] (发给警察的)通令(尤指为抓捕嫌疑犯的信息)

all-powerful adj.  having complete power; almighty 具有绝对权力的；无所不能的

all-purpose adj.  suitable for many uses 适于多种用途的，通用的

all right  see 见 ALL 

all-right attrib. adj. colloq.  fine, acceptable [口]很好，可以  an all-right guy  一个不错的人

all-round attrib. adj. (of a person) versatile (人)多才多艺的，多能的

all-rounder n. Brit.  a versatile person or thing [英]多才多艺的人，多面手

All Saints' Day n.  a Christian festival in honour of the saints, 1 Nov. 万圣节(基督教一节日， 11 月 1 日)

all-seater adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a sports stadium etc.) providing only seats and no standing places (指体育场馆等)只售坐票(无站票)的

allseed /ˈɔ:lsi:d/ n.  any of various plants producing much seed, esp. Radiola linoides 多种子植物，多子植物

All Souls' Day n.  a Roman Catholic festival with prayers for the souls of the dead, 2 Nov. 万灵节(罗马天主教一节日， 11 月 2 日)

allspice /ˈɔ:lspais/ n.  1  a  the aromatic spice obtained from the ground berry of the W. Indian tree Pimenta dioica 多香果粉(西印度产的一种香料)b  this plant Also called 亦称作 PIMENTO 多香果树 2  any of various other aromatic shrubs 芳香性灌木

all-star adj. & n. ●adj.  composed wholly of outstanding performers 全部由明星组成的，全明星的 ●n. N. Amer.  a member of an all-star group or team [北美]全明星队员

all-ticket adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of an event) that may be attended only by those with tickets (指活动)全部凭票入场的

all-time attrib. adj. (of a record etc.) hitherto unsurpassed (指纪录等)迄今尚无人打破的

allude /əˈlu:d, əˈlju:d/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  refer to indirectly or covertly 暗指，影射；间接提到 2 disp.  mention [异议]提到，提及 [Latin alludere (as AD-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]■Usage 用法说明 Allude to should not be used simply as a synonym for mention. The sentence Mr Smith was alluded to several times, though not actually mentioned by name, in the president's speech illustrates the difference. 不要把 allude to 简单地当作 mention 的同义词使用。句子 Mr Smith was alluded to several times, though not actually mentioned by name, in the president's speech (总统在讲话里虽然没有提到名字，但几次暗示到了史密斯先生)。说明了两者的区别。 

all-up weight n. Brit.  the total weight of an aircraft with passengers, cargo, etc. when airborne [英]飞机升空的总重量(包括乘客、货物等)

allure /əˈljʊə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  attract, charm, or fascinate 吸引，诱惑；使着迷 ●n.  attractiveness, personal charm; fascination 吸引力，魅力，诱惑力 □ allurement  n.   [Middle English from Old French alurer ‘attract’ (as AD-, luere LURE1 v. 1)]

allusion /əˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an indirect or passing reference 间接提及；顺便提及 [French allusion or Late Latin allusio (as ALLUDE)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse allusion with illusion. See also Usage Note at ALLUDE. 注意不要将 allusion 和 illusion 混淆。另见 ALLUDE 的用法注释。 

allusive /əˈlu:siv, -ˈlju:-/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  containing an allusion 暗指的，隐喻的 2  containing many allusions 充满隐喻的；引用典故的 □ allusively  adv.  □ allusiveness  n.  

alluvial /əˈlu:viəl, -ˈlju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to alluvium 冲积的，淤积的 ●n.  alluvium, esp. containing a precious metal 冲积层，冲积土；(尤指含有贵重金属的)冲积矿床

alluvion /əˈlu:viən, -ˈlju:-/ n. Law  the formation of new land by the movement of the sea or of a river 【法律】(因海洋或河流的冲积作用而形成的)新陆地，自然增长土地 [French from Latin alluvio-onis, from luere ‘wash’]

alluvium /əˈlu:viəm, -ˈlju:-/ n. (pl. alluvia /-viə/ or alluviums)  a deposit of usu. fine fertile soil left during a time of flood, esp. in a river valley or delta (尤指河谷或河口处的通常有肥力的)冲积层；冲积土，淤泥 [Latin, neut. of alluvius (adj.), from luere ‘wash’]

all-weather adj.  of, relating to, or suitable for all types of weather 全天候的 usu. 通常作 attrib: all-weather track  全天候轨道

all-wheel drive n. N. Amer. [北美]  = FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE 

ally1 /ˈælai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state formally cooperating or united with another for a special purpose, esp. by a treaty 同盟国，盟国 2  a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another 同盟者，盟友 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 əˈlai/ (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  combine or unite in alliance 结盟；联合 [Middle English via Old French al(e)ier from Latin alligare ‘bind’: cf. ALLOY]

ally2 /ˈæli/ n. (also 亦作 alley) (pl. -ies or -eys)  a choice playing-marble made of marble, alabaster, or glass (由大理石、雪花石膏或玻璃制作的)游戏弹子 [perhaps diminutive of ALABASTER]

-ally /əli/ suffix  forming adverbs from adjectives in -al (cf. 参见 -AL, -LY2, -ICALLY) 用于以 al 结尾的形容词后面以构成副词

allyl /ˈælail, -lil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the unsaturated monovalent radical CH2= CH-CH2- 【化】烯丙基 (CH2= CH-CH2-) [Latin allium ‘garlic’ + -YL]

almacantar var.  of ALMUCANTAR  ALMUCANTAR 的变体

Alma Mater /ˌælmə ˈmɑ:tə, ˈmeit-/ n. (also 亦作 alma mater)  the university, school, or college one attends or attended 母校 [Latin, = bounteous mother]

almanac /ˈɔ:lmənæk, ˈɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 almanack)  1  an annual table, or book of tables, containing a calendar of months and days and usu. astronomical data and other information 年历，台历 2  a usu. annual directory or handbook containing statistical and other information of either general or specialist interest 历书，年鉴 [Middle English via medieval Latin almanac(h) from Greek almenikhiaka]

almandine /ˈælməndi:n, -dain/ n.  a kind of garnet with a violet tint 铁铝榴石，贵榴石 [French, alteration of obsolete alabandine from medieval Latin alabandina, from Alabanda, an ancient city in Asia Minor, where these stones were cut]

almighty /ɔ:lˈmaiti/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  having complete power; omnipotent 有绝对权力的；全能的，万能的 2 (作 the Almighty)  God 上帝 3 slang  very great [俚语]非常的，巨大的  an almighty crash  剧烈的碰撞 ●adv. slang  extremely; very much [俚语]极度地；非常地 [Old English œlmihtig (as ALL, MIGHTY)]

almond /ˈɑ:mənd/ n.  1  the oval nutlike seed (kernel) of the stone fruit from the tree Prunus dulcis, of which there are sweet and bitter varieties 杏仁；巴旦杏，扁桃 2 (in full 全称 almond tree)  the tree itself, of the rose family and allied to the peach and plum 巴旦杏树，扁桃树 [Middle English via Old French alemande etc., medieval Latin amandula, and Latin amygdala from Greek amugdalē]

almond eyes n. pl.  narrow almond-shaped eyes 杏眼(像杏仁形状的眼睛)

almond oil n.  the oil expressed from the seed of the almond (esp. the bitter variety), used for toilet preparations, flavouring, and medicinal purposes 杏仁油(可用于香水制作、调味和医疗)

almond paste n.  = MARZIPAN 

almoner /ˈɑ:mənə, ˈælm-/ n. hist. [史义]  1 Brit. [英]  = HOSPITAL SOCIAL WORKER  2  an official distributor of alms 施赈官员；分发救济品的人员 [Middle English from Anglo-French aumoner, Old French aumonier, ultimately from medieval Latin eleēmosynarius (as ALMS)]

almost /ˈɔ:lməʊst/ adv.  all but; very nearly 几乎，将近，差不多 [Old English ælmœˉst ‘for the most part’ (as ALL, MOST)]

alms /ɑ:mz/ n. pl. hist.  charitable donations of money or food to the poor [史义]救济款；救济粮；施舍物 [Old English ælmysse, -messe from Germanic, ultimately from Greek eleēmosunē ‘compassionateness’ via eleēmōn (adj.) from eleos ‘compassion’]

almshouse /ˈɑ:mzhaʊs/ n. hist.  a house founded by charity for the poor [史义]济贫院，福利院

almucantar /ælməˈkæntə/ n. (also 亦作 almacantar) Astron.  a line of constant altitude above the horizon 【天】地平纬线，等高线 [Middle English via medieval Latin almucantarath or French almucantara etc. from Arabic almukantarɑˉt (pl.) ‘lines of celestial latitude’, from kantara ‘arch’]

aloe /ˈæləʊ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Aloe, usu. having toothed fleshy leaves 芦荟树 2 (in pl. 用复数) (in full 全称 bitter aloes)  a strong laxative obtained from the bitter juice of various species of aloe 芦荟叶汁(一种泻药) 3 (also 亦作 American aloe)  an agave native to Central America, which flowers only once in many years, and from whose sap tequila is made ; also called 亦称作 century plant 美洲世纪树，龙蛇兰 [Old English al(e)we via Latin aloē from Greek]

aloe vera /ˈviərə/ n.  1  a Caribbean aloe, Aloe vera, yielding a gelatinous substance used esp. in cosmetics as an emollient 芦荟(可提取化妆品或软化剂) 2  this substance 芦荟制品 [modern Latin, = true aloe]

aloft /əˈlɒft/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  high up; overhead 在高处，在上面；在头顶 2  upwards 向上，往上 [Middle English from Old Norse ɑˊ lopt(i), from ɑˊ ‘in, on, to’ + lopt ‘air’: cf. LIFT, LOFT]

alogical /eiˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not logical 不合逻辑的 2  opposed to logic 违反逻辑的

aloha /əˈləʊhə/ int. & n.  a Hawaiian expression of love or affection, used as a greeting and at parting 欢迎；再见(夏威夷人的一种问候语)

aloha shirt n.  a loose brightly coloured Hawaiian shirt 夏威夷衬衫(一种颜色鲜艳宽松的衬衫)

alone /əˈləʊn/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  a  without others present 单独的(地)，孤零零的(地)  they wanted to be alone  他们想独处 the tree stood alone  那棵树孤零零地站着b  without others' help 以独自的力量，独自地  succeeded alone  独自取得成功c  lonely and wretched 寂寞的(地)，孤独的(地)  felt alone  感到孤独 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  standing by oneself in an opinion etc. (意见等)独特的(地)，独一无二的(地)  was alone in thinking this  一个人这样想 3  only, exclusively 仅仅，只有  you alone can help me  只有你能帮助我 □ go it alone   act by oneself without assistance 独自做，独自行动□ aloneness  n.   [Middle English from ALL + ONE]

along /əˈlɒŋ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  from one end to the other end of 沿着，循着  a handkerchief with lace along the edge  带花边的手帕 2  on or through any part of the length of 沿纵长方向  was walking along the road  沿街走过 3  beside or through the length of 沿平行方向，顺着  shelves stood along the wall  几个书架靠墙排开 ●adv.  1  onward; into a more advanced state 向前，进入更高阶段  come along  跟上来 getting along nicely  进展不错 2  at or to a particular place; arriving 在某处；到达  I'll be along soon  我很快就到 3  in company with a person, esp. oneself 与…一道；随身带着  bring a book along  随身带来一本书 4  beside or through part or the whole length of a thing 纵长地，平行地 □ along with   in addition to; together with 另外，加之；与…随同 [Old English andlang from West Germanic, related to LONG1]

alongshore /əlɒŋˈʃɔ:/ adv.  along or by the shore 沿岸；在海岸边

alongside /əlɒŋˈsaid/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  at or to the side (of a ship, pier, etc.) 与…并排；在(船、码头等)旁边 ●prep.  close to the side of; next to 在…一侧；靠近 □ alongside of   side by side with; together or simultaneously with 与…并排；一起，同时

aloof /əˈlu:f/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  distant, unsympathetic 疏远的；冷淡的 ●adv.  away, apart 超然离群地  he kept aloof from his colleagues  他和同事们很疏远 □ aloofly  adv.  □ aloofness  n.   [originally nautical, from A2 + LUFF]

alopecia /æləˈpi:ʃə/ n. Med.  the absence (complete or partial) of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness 【医】脱毛；脱发；秃头症 [Latin, from Greek alōpekia ‘fox-mange’ from alōpēx ‘fox’]

aloud /əˈlaʊd/ adv.  1  audibly; not silently or in a whisper 出声地，有声地 2 archaic  loudly [古义]大声地 [A2 + LOUD]

alow /əˈləʊ/ adv. & predic. adj. Naut.  in or into the lower part of a ship 【海】在船底；往下，向下 [A2 + LOW1]

alp /ælp/ n.  1  a  a high mountain 高山，大山b (作 the Alps)  the high range of mountains in Switzerland and adjoining countries (位于瑞士和相邻国家的)阿尔卑斯山(脉) 2 (in Switzerland) pastureland on a mountainside (瑞士)山边草地，山地牧场 [originally pl., from French via Latin Alpes from Greek Alpeis]

alpaca /ælˈpækə/ n.  1  a S. American mammal, Lama pacos, related to the llama, with long shaggy hair (南美的)羊驼 2  wool from this animal 羊驼毛 3  fabric made from the wool, with or without other fibres (纯或混纺的)羊驼毛纤维，羊驼呢 [Spanish, from Aymara or Quechua]

alpargata /ælpɑ:ˈɡɑ:tə/ n.  a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole; an espadrille 帆布轻便鞋；布面平底凉鞋 [Spanish]

alpenhorn /ˈælpənhɔ:n/ n.  a long wooden horn used by Alpine herdsmen to call their cattle (阿尔卑斯山区牧民用于召唤牲畜的)木制长号角 [German, = Alp-horn]

alpenstock /ˈælpənstɒk/ n.  a long iron-tipped staff used in hillwalking 铁头登山杖 [German, = Alp-stick]

alpha /ˈælfə/ n.  1  the first letter of the Greek alphabet (A, α) 希腊字母表的第一个字母，阿尔法 2 Brit.  a first-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英] (工作或考试成绩的)优等， A 级 3 (作 Alpha) Astron.  the first (usu. brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive 后跟拉丁语属格 : Alpha Centauri 半人马星座主星) 【天】(星座中的)主星(通常是最亮的) □ alpha and omega   the beginning and the end; the most important features 开头和结尾；全部；要点 [Middle English, via Latin from Greek]

alphabet /ˈælfəbet/ n.  1  the set of letters used in writing a language (一种语言的)全部字母，字母表  the Russian alphabet  俄语字母表 2  a set of symbols or signs representing letters (代表字母的)符号(记号)系统 [Late Latin alphabetum from Greek alpha, bēta, the first two letters of the alphabet]

alphabetical /ælfəˈbetik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 alphabetic /-ˈbetik/)  1  of or relating to an alphabet 字母的；关于字母的 2  in the order of the letters of the alphabet 按字母顺序的 □ alphabetically  adv.  

alphabetize /ˈælfəbətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  arrange (words, names, etc.) in alphabetical order 按字母顺序排列(单词、名称等) □ alphabetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

alphabet soup n. colloq.  a confusing variety of acronyms or symbols [口]字母汤(指一大堆易混淆的缩写、字母等) [alluding to a kind of clear soup containing pasta in the shapes of letters]

alpha decay n.  radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted 阿尔法衰变，α衰变

alphanumeric /ælfənju:ˈmerik/ adj. (also 亦作 alphanumerical)  containing both alphabetical and numerical symbols 字母数字混编的，包含字母和数字的 [ALPHABETIC + NUMERICAL]

alpha particle n. (also 亦作 alpha ray)  a helium nucleus emitted by a radioactive substance, originally regarded as a ray 阿尔法粒子，α粒子；阿尔法射线，α射线

alpha rhythm n. (also 亦作 alpha waves) Physiol.  the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed, with a frequency of approx. 8 to 13 hertz 【生理】α节律，α脑波(人脑在清醒平静状态时的电波，约 8 到 13 赫兹)

alpha test n. & v. ●n.  a test of machinery, software, etc. carried out by the developer before the product is made available for beta testing 阿尔法测试(机械、软件等开发过程中的测试，在贝塔测试之前) ●v. tr.  subject (a product) to an alpha test 对(某种产品)进行阿尔法测试

alpine /ˈælpain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or relating to high mountains 高山的，山地的b  growing or found on high mountains 生长于高山的，产于高山地区的 2 (作 Alpine)  of or relating to the Alps 阿尔卑斯山区的 3 (作 Alpine) (of skiing) involving fast downhill racing (滑雪)速降比赛的 ●n.  1  a plant native to mountain districts 高山地区植物 2  a plant suited to rock gardens 适于石园林的植物 [Latin Alpinus: see ALP]

Alpinist /ˈælpinist/ n. (also 亦作 alpinist)  a climber of high mountains, esp. in the Alps (尤指阿尔卑斯山的)登山家，登山者 [French alpiniste (as ALPINE; see -IST)]

already /ɔ:lˈredi/ adv.  1  before the time in question 先前；已经  I knew that already  我已经知道了 2  as early or as soon as this 早已，早在…  already at the age of six  早在 6 岁时 3 N. Amer. colloq.  as an intensive at the end of a phrase, to express impatience [北美口]早就，早已经(用于句末，表示不耐烦的用语)  enough already!  早就够了！ [ALL adv. + READY: sense 3 influenced by Yiddish use]

alright /ɔ:lˈrait/ adj., adv. & int. disp. [异议]  = all right (see 见 ALL) ■Usage 用法说明 Although widely used, alright is still nonstandard and considered incorrect by many people. 拼写形式 alright 尽管很常见，但属非规范用法，而且很多人认为是错误的。 

Alsatian /ælˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a large dog of a breed used as guard dogs etc. and for police work 阿尔萨斯狗，德国牧羊狗(用于看护和协助警察工作)b  this breed Also called 亦称作 German shepherd (dog) 阿尔萨斯品种的狗，德国牧羊狗 2  a native of Alsace, a region of eastern France (法国东部)阿尔萨斯人 ●adj.  of or relating to Alsace or its inhabitants 阿尔萨斯的；阿尔萨斯人的 [Alsatia (the ancient name of Alsace) + -AN]

alsike /ˈælsik/ n.  a species of clover, Trifolium hybridum 杂种车轴草 [named after Alsike in Sweden]

also /ˈɔ:lsəʊ/ adv.  in addition; likewise; besides 也，而且；同样；此外 [Old English alswɑˉ (as ALL adv., SO1)]

also-ran n.  1  a horse or dog etc. not among the winners in a race 比赛落榜的马、狗等 2  an undistinguished person 无名者，不出名的人

alstroemeria /ælstrəˈmiəriə/ n.  an ornamental plant of the S. American genus Alstroemeria (lily family), with showy lily-like flowers 南美百合(一种百合属观赏植物) [modern Latin, named after K. von Alstroemer, Swedish naturalist d. 1796]

Alta. abbr.  Alberta [缩略] (加拿大)阿尔伯达省

altar /ˈɔ:ltə, ˈɒl-/ n.  1  a table or flat-topped block, often of stone, for making sacrifices or offerings to a deity (通常为石头的)祭坛，圣坛 2  a Communion table 圣餐台 □ lead to the altar   marry (a woman) 把…领到教堂举行婚礼，娶(女人)为妻 [Old English altar -er, Germanic adoption of Late Latin altar, altarium, from Latin altaria (pl.) ‘burnt offerings, altar’, probably related to adolēre ‘burn in sacrifice’]

altar boy n.  a boy who serves as a priest's assistant in a service 牧师助理，侍童

altarpiece /ˈɔ:ltəpi:s, ˈɒl-/ n.  a piece of art, esp. a painting, set above or behind an altar (圣坛上面或后面的)饰物，装饰画

altazimuth /ælˈtæziməθ/ n.  an instrument for measuring altitude and azimuth in astronomy and navigation, or vertical and horizontal angles in surveying 地平经纬仪 usu. 通常作 attrib.: altazimuth mount  地平经纬仪座 [ALTITUDE + AZIMUTH]

alter /ˈɔ:ltə, ˈɒl-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become different; change 更改，修改；改变 2 tr. US & Austral.  castrate or spay [美澳]阉割，去势；去掉卵巢 □ alterable  adj.  □ alteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French alterer and Late Latin alterare from Latin alter ‘other’]

alterative /ˈɔ:lt(ə)rətiv, ˈɒl-/ adj.  tending to produce alteration 引起改变的，有助于改变的 [Middle English, from medieval Latin alterativus (as ALTER)]

altercate /ˈɔ:ltəkeit, ˈɒl-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  dispute hotly; wrangle 激烈争论，争辩；吵架 □ altercation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin altercari altercat-]

alter ego /ˌæltər ˈeɡəʊ, ˌɒlt-, ˈi:ɡ-/ n. (pl. alter egos)  1  a person's secondary or alternative personality 另一个自我，个性的另一面 2  an intimate and trusted friend 密友，挚友 [Latin, = other self]

alternate v., adj. & n. ●v. /ˈɔ:ltəneit, ˈɒl-/  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of two things) succeed each other by turns (指两种事物)交替；更迭  rain and sunshine alternated  一会儿晴，一会儿阴 elation alternated with depression  高兴一阵，难过一阵 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 between)  change repeatedly (between two conditions) (两种情况)不断更替，轮流  the patient alternated between hot and cold fevers  病人忽而发热，忽而发冷 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cause (two things) to succeed each other by turns 使(两事物)连续交替，兼施  the band alternated fast and slow tunes  乐队交替演奏快、慢旋律 we alternated criticism with reassurance  我们批评与肯定兼施 ●adj. /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət, ɒl-/  1 (with noun in pl. 跟复数名词)  every other 每隔一个的，间隔的  comes on alternate days  隔一天来一次 2 (of things of two kinds) each following and succeeded by one of the other kind (两类不同事物)交替出现的，轮流的  alternate joy and misery  悲喜交加 3 (of a sequence etc.) consisting of alternate things 由交替物组成的(序列等) 4 Bot. (of leaves etc.) placed alternately on the two sides of the stem 【植】(树叶等)互生的 5 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = ALTERNATIVE an alternate route  可选择路线  ●n. /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət, ɒl-/ esp. N. Amer.  a deputy or substitute [尤北美]代理人；替代品 □ alternately  /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətli, ɒl-/ adv.   [Latin alternatus, past part. of alternare ‘do things by turns’, from alternus ‘every other’ from alter ‘other’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ALTERNATIVE. 参看 ALTERNATIVE 用法注释。 

alternate angles n. pl.  two angles, not adjoining one another, that are formed on opposite sides of a line that intersects two other lines (一对)错角

alternating current n.  an electric current that reverses its direction at regular intervals (abbr. 缩略 : AC, ac) 交流电

alternation /ɔ:ltəˈneiʃ(ə)n, ɒl-/ n.  the action or result of alternating 交替，轮换，轮流

alternation of generations n. Biol.  a reproductive pattern in which two different forms (often sexual and asexual or haploid and diploid) alternate in the life cycle, as in ferns and some jellyfish 【生】(某些物种的两种不同性别或形态的)世代交替(见于蕨类和一些水母类)

alternative /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətiv, ɒl-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of one or more things) available or usable instead of another (指一个或多个东西)可相互替代使用的  an alternative route  另一可选择的路径 2 (of two things) mutually exclusive (两事物)互不包容的 3  of or relating to practices that offer a substitute for the conventional ones 供替代(通常所用者)的  alternative theatre  供替代的剧场 ●n.  1  any of two or more possibilities 两种(或多种可能性的)抉择，取舍 2  the freedom or opportunity to choose between two or more things (在二者或多者中)选择的自由，挑选的余地  I had no alternative but to go  我别无选择，只能前去 □ alternatively  adv.   [French alternatif -ive or medieval Latin alternativus (as ALTERNATE)]■Usage 用法说明 Use in sense 1 with reference to more than two options (e.g. many alternative methods) is common, and acceptable. Alternative should not be used in place of alternate in the sense ‘every other’, e.g. There was a dance on alternate Saturdays. 释义 1 用于两种以上选择的情况(如 many alternative methods 很多可选方案)很常见，也被广泛接受；注意在“每隔一个”意义上， alternative 不能与 alternate 混用(如 There was a dance on alternate Saturdays 每隔一周的周六有舞会)。 

alternative birth n. (also 亦作 alternative birthing)  any method of childbirth in which the delivery occurs at home or in a similar environment, often with minimal medical intervention 非传统分娩法(一般指在家中或类似环境中进行，通常很少用医疗器械)

alternative comedy n.  a style of comedy which seeks to reject established (esp. racist or sexist) stereotypes 摒弃传统套路(尤指种族主义或大男子主义)的另类喜剧

alternative energy n.  energy fuelled in ways that do not use up the earth's natural resources or otherwise harm the enviroment (不会耗尽地球上自然资源或不会破坏环境的)替代能源

alternative fuel n.  a fuel other than petrol for powering motor vehicles (不用汽油驱动汽车的)替代燃料

alternative medicine n.  any of a range of medical therapies not regarded as orthodox by the medical profession, e.g. chiropractic, faith healing, herbalism, homoeopathy, and reflexology Also called 亦称作 complementary medicine 非正统医疗(如按摩疗法、意念疗法、草药疗法、顺势疗法、反射疗法等)

alternative society n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) esp. Brit.  a group of people dissociating themselves from conventional society and its values [尤英]他择性社会(指脱离传统社会及其价值观的群体)

alternator /ˈɔ:ltəneitə, ˈɒl-/ n.  a dynamo that generates an alternating current 交流发电机

althorn /ˈælthɔ:n/ n. Mus.  an instrument of the saxhorn family, esp. the alto or tenor saxhorn in E flat 【音】中音萨克号，中铜角 [German, from alt ‘high’ (from Latin altus) + HORN]

although /ɔ:lˈðəʊ, ɒl-/ conj.  = THOUGHconj. 1, 3, 4  [Middle English from ALL adv. + THOUGH]

altimeter /ˈæltimi:tə/ n.  an instrument for showing height above sea or ground level, esp. one fitted to an aircraft (尤指飞机上的)测高仪，高度计 [Latin altus ‘high’ + -METER]

altitude /ˈæltitju:d/ n.  1  the height of an object in relation to a given point, esp. sea level or the horizon 高度(尤指海拔高度) 2 Geom.  the length of the perpendicular from a vertex to the opposite side of a figure 【几】顶垂线；高线 3  a high or exalted position 高处，高位  a social altitude  显赫的社会地位 □ altitudinal  /æltiˈtju:din(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English, from Latin altitudo from altus ‘high’]

altitude sickness n.  a sickness experienced at high altitudes 高山病；高空病

alto /ˈæltəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = CONTRALTO  2  a  the highest adult male singing voice, above tenor (高于男高音的)男声最高音b  a singer with this voice 男声最高音歌手c  a part written for it 男声最高音曲子 3  a (作 attrib.)  denoting the member of a family of instruments pitched second or third highest 中度音高的，第二或第三高的(乐器)b  an alto instrument, esp. an alto saxophone 中度音高的乐器(尤指中音萨克斯管) [Italian alto (canto) ‘high (singing)’]

alto clef n.  a clef placing middle C on the middle line of the staff, used chiefly for viola music 中音谱号(即中音 C 至于中线上，主要用于中提琴乐谱)

altocumulus /æltəʊˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed at medium altitude as a layer of rounded masses with a level base 【气】(在中高度形成的一层平底圆气团)高积云 [modern Latin, from Latin altus ‘high’ + CUMULUS]

altogether /ɔ:ltəˈɡeðə, ɒl-/ adv.  1  totally, completely 完全地，全部地  you are altogether wrong  你完全错了 2  on the whole 总体上  altogether it had been a good day  总体上说，那是很不错的一天 3  in total 总计，总共 □ in the altogether  colloq.  naked [口]裸体的，一丝不挂的 [Old English, (as ALL + TOGETHER)]■Usage 用法说明 Note that altogether means ‘in total’, as in there are six bedrooms altogether, whereas all together is used to mean ‘all in one place’ or ‘all at once’, as in there are six bedrooms all together; they came in all together 注意， altogether 的意思是“总计”(如 : there are six bedrooms altogether 共计六个卧室)，而 all together 的意思是“一齐”，“合一”或“同时”(如 : there are six bedrooms all together 有六个卧室在一起； they came in all together 他们一齐都进来了)。 

alto-relievo /ˌæltəʊriˈli:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 alto-rilievo /-riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os) Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = high relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in high relief (尤指高浮雕的)雕刻，雕刻艺术品 [Italian alto-rilievo]

altostratus /æltəʊˈstrɑ:təs, -ˈstreitəs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed as a continuous uniform layer at medium altitude 【气】(在中高度形成的连续一致的云层)高层云 [modern Latin, from Latin altus ‘high’ + STRATUS]

altricial /əlˈtriʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a young bird or animal) requiring care and feeding by the parents after hatching or birth (指幼鸟或幼小动物出生后需要父母)守雏的，守巢的，晚成的 2  having such young 有晚成仔的 ●n.  an altricial bird (cf. 参见 PRECOCIAL) 晚成鸟 [Latin altrix altricis fem. of altor ‘nourisher’, from alere ‘nourish’]

altruism /ˈæltrʊiz(ə)m/ n.  1  regard for others as a principle of action 利他主义 2  unselfishness; concern for other people 无私，利他；利他行为 □ altruist  n.  □ altruistic  /æltrʊˈistik/ adj.  □ altruistically  /æltrʊˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French altruisme from Italian altrui ‘somebody else’ (influenced by Latin alter ‘other’)]

alum /ˈæləm/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a double sulphate of aluminium and potassium 明矾 2  any of a group of crystalline salts which are double sulphates of a monovalent metal (or group) and a trivalent metal 明矾类物质 [Middle English via Old French from Latin alumen aluminis]

alumina /əˈlu:minə/ n.  the compound aluminium oxide occurring naturally as corundum and emery Chem. formula 化学分子式 : Al2O3 氧化铝，矾土 [Latin alumen ‘alum’, on the pattern of soda etc.]

aluminium /æljʊˈminiəm/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] aluminum /əˈlu:minəm/)  a silvery light and malleable metallic element resistant to tarnishing by air (symbol 符 Al) 铝 [aluminium, alteration (on the pattern of sodium etc.) from aluminum, earlier alumium, from ALUM + -IUM]

aluminium bronze n.  an alloy of copper and aluminium 铝铜，矾铜

aluminize /əˈlu:minaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat with aluminium 用铝覆盖，镀铝 □ aluminization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

aluminosilicate /əˌlu:minəʊˈsilikeit/ n. Mineral.  a silicate containing aluminium, esp. a rock-forming mineral of this kind, e.g. a feldspar, a clay mineral 【矿】铝硅酸盐，硅铝酸盐 [ALUMINIUM + -O- + SILICATE]

alumnus /əˈlʌmnəs/ n. (pl. alumni /-ni/; fem. alumna, pl. alumnae /-ni/)  a former pupil or student of a particular school, college, or university 校友 [Latin, = ‘nursling, pupil’ from alere ‘nourish’]

alveolar /ælˈviələ/ adj.  1  of an alveolus 牙槽的，齿槽的 2 Phonet. (of a consonant) pronounced with the tip of the tongue in contact with the ridge of the upper teeth, e.g. n, s, t 【语音】(辅音)齿龈音的，齿槽音的(如 n, s, t) [ALVEOLUS + -AR1]

alveolus /ælˈviələs, ælviˈəʊləs/ n. (pl. alveoli /-lai, -li:/)  1  a small cavity, pit, or hollow 小孔；小窝；小泡 2  any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange (可供快速气体交换的)肺泡 3  the bony socket for the root of a tooth 牙槽，齿槽 4  the cell of a honeycomb 蜂巢 □ alveolate  /ælˈviələt/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of alveus ‘cavity’]

Alvin /ˈælvin/   阿尔文 [人名]

always /ˈɔ:lweiz, -iz/ adv.  1  at all times; on all occasions 总是，从来  they are always late  他们总是迟到 2  whatever the circumstances 无论如何总还  I can always sleep on the floor  我总还可以睡地板 3  repeatedly; often 一再，老是  they are always complaining  他们老是抱怨 4  for ever; for all time 永远，始终  he will always be a fool  他永远是个傻瓜 [Middle English, probably distributive genitive from ALL + WAY + -'S1]

alyssum /ˈælis(ə)m, əˈlis(ə)m/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant of the genus Alyssum, widely cultivated and usu. having yellow or white flowers 庭荠(十字花科植物栽培广泛，通常开黄花或白花) 2 (in full 全称 sweet alyssum)  a small Mediterranean cruciferous plant, Lobularia maritima, with fragrant white flowers 香雪球(花) [Latin, from Greek alusson]

Alzheimer's disease /ˈæltshaiməz/ n.  a serious disorder of the brain manifesting itself in premature senility 阿尔茨海默病，早老性痴呆病(一种严重的脑部疾患) [named after A. Alzheimer, German neurologist (d. 1915), who first identified it]

A. & M. abbr. (Hymns) Ancient and Modern [缩略] (圣歌)古今，从古到今

AM abbr. [缩略]  1  amplitude modulation  2 US  Master of Arts [美]文学硕士 3  Member of the Order of Australia 澳大利亚受(女王)册封人士 [(sense 2) Latin artium Magister]

Am symb. Chem.  the element americium [符]【化】(化学元素)镅

a.m. abbr.  before noon [缩略]上午，早上 [Latin ante meridiem]

am 1st person sing. present  of BE  

amadavat var.  of AVADAVAT  AVADAVAT 的变体

amadou /ˈæmədu:/ n.  a spongy and combustible tinder prepared from dry fungi 火绒(一种海绵状、可燃烧的引火物) [French from modern Provençal, literally ‘lover’ (because quickly kindled) from Latin (as AMATEUR)]

amah /ˈɑ:mə/ n. (in the Far East and India) a nursemaid or maid (远东及印度)奶妈，保姆 [Portuguese ama ‘nurse’]

amalgam /əˈmælɡəm/ n.  1  a mixture or blend 混合，混合物 2  an alloy of mercury with one or more other metals, used esp. in dentistry (尤用于牙科学的)汞合金，汞齐 [Middle English via French amalgame or medieval Latin amalgama from Greek malagma ‘an emollient’]

amalgamate /əˈmælɡəmeit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  combine or unite to form one structure, organization, etc. 联合，合并，兼并 2 intr. (of metals) alloy with mercury 使(金属)与汞混合，制造汞合金 □ amalgamation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin amalgamare amalgamat- (as AMALGAM)]

Amanda /əˈmændə/   阿曼达 [人名]

amanuensis /əˌmænjʊˈensis/ n. (pl. amanuenses /-si:z/)  1  a person who writes from dictation or copies manuscripts 抄写员，书记员，文书 2  a literary assistant (文学上的)助手，执笔 [Latin from (servus) a manu ‘(slave) at hand(writing), secretary’ + -ensis ‘belonging to’]

amaranth /ˈæmərænθ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Amaranthus, usu. having small green, red, or purple tinted flowers, e.g. prince's feather 苋属植物(开小的绿、红或紫花) 2  an imaginary flower that never fades (假想中的)不凋花 3  a purple colour 紫色 □ amaranthine  /æməˈrænθain/ adj.   [French amarante or modern Latin amaranthus via Latin from Greek amarantos ‘everlasting’, (as A-1 + marainō ‘wither’), alteration influenced by polyanthus etc.]

amaretto /æməˈretəʊ/ n. (pl. amaretti /-ti/)  1  an Italian almond-flavoured liqueur 意大利杏仁味酒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  Italian almond-flavoured biscuits 意大利杏仁味饼干 [Italian, diminutive of amaro ‘bitter’ (with reference to bitter almonds)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse amaretto/ amaretti ‘a liqueur; almond-flavoured biscuits’ with amoretto ‘a Cupid’. 注意不要将 amaretto/ amaretti (杏仁味酒或杏仁味饼干)和 amoretto (爱神)混淆。 

amaryllis /æməˈrilis/ n.  1  a bulbous lily-like plant, Amaryllis belladonna, native to S. Africa, with white or rose-pink flowers ; also called 亦称作 belladonna lily (南非的)孤挺花(开白色或粉红色花) 2  a related plant formerly of this genus, esp. one of the genus Hippeastrum 孤挺花类植物(尤指石蒜科孤挺花属植物) [Latin, from Greek Amarullis, a name for a country girl in pastoral poetry]

amass /əˈmæs/ v. tr.  1  gather or heap together 收集，聚集 2  accumulate (esp. riches) 积累，积蓄(尤指财富) □ amasser  n.   [French amasser or medieval Latin amassare, ultimately from Latin massa MASS]

amateur /ˈæmətə, -tjʊə/ n.  1  a  a person who engages in a pursuit (e.g. an art or sport) as a pastime rather than a profession (艺术或体育运动等方面的)业余爱好者b derog.  a person who does something unskilfully or amateurishly [贬]外行；略知一二的人 2 (作 attrib.)  for or done by amateurs 业余的，非专业的  amateur athletics  业余运动员 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who is fond of (a thing) 爱好…的人 □ amateurism  n.   [French, via Italian amatore from Latin amator -oris ‘lover’, from amare ‘love’]

amateurish /ˈæmətəriʃ/ adj.  characteristic of an amateur, esp. derog. one who is unskilful or inept 业余的；[尤贬]外行的；不熟练的 □ amateurishly  adv.  □ amateurishness  n.  

amatory /ˈæmət(ə)ri/ adj.  of or relating to sexual love or desire 性爱的，情欲的 [Latin amatorius, from amare ‘love’]

amaurosis /æmɔ:ˈrəʊsis/ n. Med.  partial or total loss of sight, from disease of the optic nerve, retina, spinal cord, or brain 【医】黑内障，黑矇(部分或完全失明) □ amaurotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from amauroō ‘darken’ from amauros ‘dim’]

amaze /əˈmeiz/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or that + clause, or to + infin.)  surprise greatly; overwhelm with wonder 使惊愕，使惊讶  am amazed at your indifference  你的漠不关心使我很惊讶 was amazed to find them alive  很惊愕发现他们还活着 □ amazement  n.  □ amazing  adj.  □ amazingly  adv.  □ amazingness  n.   [Old English ɑˉmasian, of uncertain origin]

Amazon /ˈæməz(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of a legendary race of female warriors in Scythia and elsewhere 亚马孙(相传曾居住于黑海沿岸等地区的女武士) 2 (作 amazon)  a very tall, strong, or athletic woman 高大彪悍的女人 □ Amazonian  /æməˈzəʊniən/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek: explained by the Greeks as ‘breastless’ (as if A-1 + mazos ‘breast’), but probably of foreign origin]

amazon ant n.  an ant of the genus Polyergus, which captures pupae of other ant species to raise as slaves (掠夺其他蚂蚁卵并育为工蚁的)悍蚁

ambassador /æmˈbæsədə/ n.  1  an accredited diplomat sent by a state on a mission to, or as its permanent representative in, a foreign country (国家为某使命委任的或常驻一国的)大使 2  a representative or promoter of a specified thing 使节，特使  an ambassador of peace  和平使者 □ ambassadorial  /æmbæsəˈdɔ:riəl, æmˈbæs-/ adj.  □ ambassadorship  n.   [Middle English via French ambassadeur from Italian ambasciator, ultimately from Latin ambactus ‘servant’]

ambassador-at-large n. N. Amer.  an ambassador with special duties, not appointed to a particular country [北美] (不特驻某一国的)巡回大使，无任所大使

ambassadress /æmˈbæsədris/ n.  1  a female ambassador 女大使 2  an ambassador's wife 大使夫人

ambatch /ˈæmbætʃ/ n.  an African tree, Aeschynomene elaphroxylon, with very light spongy wood 田皂角(一种产于非洲、木质松软的树) [Ethiopic]

amber /ˈæmbə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a yellowish translucent fossilized resin deriving from extinct (esp. coniferous) trees and used in jewellery 琥珀b  the honey-yellow colour of this 琥珀色，黄褐色 2  a cautionary yellow light, esp. a traffic light showing between green for ‘go’ and red for ‘stop’ (提醒小心的)黄灯(尤指交通信号灯红、绿之间的) ●adj.  made of or coloured like amber 琥珀制成的；琥珀般的；琥珀色的 [Middle English via Old French ambre from Arabic ˈanbar ‘ambergris, amber’]

ambergris /ˈæmbəɡris, -i:s/ n.  a strong-smelling waxlike secretion of the intestine of the sperm whale, found floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture 龙涎香(抹香鲸分泌的漂浮于热带海面的一种味道强烈的脂状物质，用于制作香料) [Middle English, from Old French ambre gris ‘grey’ AMBER]

amberjack /ˈæmbədʒæk/ n. esp. N. Amer.  any large brightly coloured marine fish of the genus Seriola found in tropical and subtropical Atlantic waters [尤北美]琥珀鱼

ambiance /ɑ˜bjɑ˜s/ n.  = AMBIENCE  [French]

ambidextrous /æmbiˈdekstrəs/ adj.  1  able to use the right and left hands equally well 左右手都善用的，左右开弓 2  working skilfully in more than one medium 两方面都行的；多种才能的 □ ambidexterity  /-ˈsteriti/ n.  □ ambidextrously  adv.  □ ambidextrousness  n.   [Late Latin ambidexter, from Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + dexter ‘right-handed’]

ambience /ˈæmbiəns/ n.  1  the surroundings or atmosphere of a place 周围环境；气氛；格调 2  background noise added to a musical recording to give the impression that it was recorded live (在音乐录音中加入的)背景噪音(以使之像现场实况) [AMBIENT + -ENCE or French ambiance]

ambient /ˈæmbiənt/ adj.  surrounding; of the surroundings 周围的；环绕的  ambient temperature  环境温度 [French ambiant or Latin ambiens -entis, pres. part. of ambire ‘go round’]

ambient music n.  background music used to create atmosphere (创造气氛的)背景音乐

ambiguity /æmbiˈɡju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  double meaning, either deliberate or caused by inexactness of expression (故意或由表达不准确引起的)意思含糊，模棱两可  tried to avoid ambiguity in setting out the rules  制定规则时尽量避免模棱两可b  an example of this 含糊的词句；模棱两可的话 2  an expression able to be interpreted in more than one way (e.g. 例如 : dogs must be carried 狗务必带着；狗务必抱着) 可作多种解释的词句 [Middle English, from Old French ambiguité or Latin ambiguitas (as AMBIGUOUS)]

ambiguous /æmˈbiɡjʊəs/ adj.  1  having an obscure or double meaning 意义不明确的，模棱两可的 2  difficult to classify 难于归类的 □ ambiguously  adv.  □ ambiguousness  n.   [Latin ambiguus ‘doubtful’ from ambigere, from ambi- ‘both ways’ + agere ‘drive’]

ambisonics /æmbiˈsɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a system of high-fidelity sound reproduction designed to reproduce the directional and acoustic properties of the sound source using two or more channels (双声道或多声道)高保真放音系统 [Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + SONIC]

ambit /ˈæmbit/ n.  1  the scope, extent, or bounds of something 范围，界限；边界 2  precincts or environs 区域；郊区，郊外 [Middle English from Latin ambitus ‘circuit’, from ambire: see AMBIENT]

ambition /æmˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  1  drive to succeed or progress 事业心，野心，志气，抱负  was full of ambition to succeed  志在必得 2  a strong desire or aspiration 渴望，愿望  her ambition to be a doctor  她想当医生的愿望 an ambition to visit Rome  参观罗马的愿望 [Middle English via Old French from Latin ambitio -onis, from ambire ambit- ‘canvass for votes’: see AMBIENT]

ambitious /æmˈbiʃəs/ adj.  1  a  full of ambition 有志向的，有抱负的；有野心的b  showing ambition 雄心勃勃的  an ambitious attempt  雄心勃勃的尝试 2 (foll. by 后跟 of, or to + infin.)  strongly determined 下定决心的 □ ambitiously  adv.  □ ambitiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French ambitieux from Latin ambitiosus (as AMBITION)]

ambivalence /æmˈbiv(ə)l(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 ambivalency /-ənsi/)  the coexistence in one person's mind of opposing feelings, esp. love and hate, in a single context (尤指爱和恨兼有的)矛盾心理，矛盾情绪 □ ambivalent  adj.  □ ambivalently  adv.   [German Ambivalenz from Latin ambo ‘both’, on the pattern of Äquivalenz ‘equivalence’: cf. EQUIVALENT]

ambivert /ˈæmbivɜ:t/ n. Psychol.  a person who fluctuates between being an introvert and an extrovert 【心】(介于内向和外向之间的)中间性格者 □ ambiversion  /æmbiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin ambi- ‘on both sides’ + -vert from Latin vertere ‘to turn’, on the pattern of EXTROVERT, INTROVERT]

amble /ˈæmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  move at an easy pace, in a way suggesting an ambling horse (像马慢步一样地)缓步慢行，轻松漫步 2 (of a horse etc.) move by lifting the two feet on one side together (马等)同侧两腿同时举起 3  ride an ambling horse; ride at an easy pace 从容地骑马缓行 ●n.  an easy pace; the gait of an ambling horse 缓步；(马)漫步 [Middle English via Old French ambler from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

amblyopia /æmbliˈəʊpiə/ n.  dimness of vision without obvious defect or change in the eye 弱视 □ amblyopic  /-ˈɒpik/ adj.   [Greek from ambluōpos (adj.), from amblus ‘dull’ + ōps, ōpos ‘eye’]

ambo /ˈæmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or ambones /-ˈbəʊni:z/)  a stand for reading the lesson in an early Christian church etc. (早期基督教教堂等处的)读经台，诵经台 [medieval Latin from Greek ambōn ‘rim’ (in medieval Greek = pulpit)]

amboyna /æmˈbɔinə/ n.  the decorative wood of the SE Asian tree Pterocarpus indicus 青龙木，黄柏木(产于东南亚的一种装饰用木材) [named after Amboina Island in Indonesia]

ambrosia /æmˈbrəʊzjə/ n.  1 (in Greek and Roman mythology) the food of the gods; the elixir of life (希腊、罗马神话中)神的食物；长寿药，万能药 2  anything very pleasing to taste or smell 美味佳肴 3  a  a fungal product used as food by pinhole borers (蠹虫类的)食料b  = BEE-BREAD  □ ambrosial  adj.  □ ambrosian  adj.   [Latin from Greek, = elixir of life, from ambrotos ‘immortal’]

ambrosia beetle n.  a small beetle of the family Scolytidae or Platypodidae, whose larvae are pinhole borers 蠹科甲虫(其幼虫为蠹虫)

ambry var.  of AUMBRY  AUMBRY 的变体

ambulance /ˈæmbjʊl(ə)ns/ n.  1  a vehicle specially equipped for conveying the sick or injured to and from hospital, esp. in emergencies 救护车 2  a mobile hospital following an army (跟随军队的)流动医院，战地医院 [French (as AMBULANT)]

ambulance chaser n. N. Amer. colloq. derog. [北美口] [贬]  1  a lawyer who specializes in personal injury litigation 专门从事人身伤害诉讼事务的律师 2  a person seeking to profit from others' misfortunes 靠别人倒霉获利的人 [from the reputation gained by certain lawyers for attending accidents and encouraging victims to sue]

ambulance man n. (fem. ambulance woman)  a member of an ambulance crew 救护车上的救护人员

ambulant /ˈæmbjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. Med. 【医】  1 (of a patient) able to walk about; not confined to bed (指病人)能四处走动的；非卧床不起的 2 (of treatment) not confining a patient to bed (指治疗方法)不要求病人卧床的 [Latin ambulare ambulant- ‘walk’]

ambulatory /ˈæmbjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  = AMBULANT  2  of or adapted for walking 步行的；善走路的 3  a  movable 可移动的，活动的b  not permanent 非永久性的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a place for walking, esp. an aisle or cloister in a church or monastery (尤指教堂或修道院中)供散步的场所 [Latin ambulatorius, from ambulare ‘walk’]

ambuscade /æmbəˈskeid/ n. & v. ●n.  an ambush 埋伏 ●v.  1 tr.  attack by means of an ambush 伏击 2 intr.  lie in ambush 设伏兵 3 tr.  conceal in an ambush 隐蔽，埋伏 [French embuscade via Italian imboscata or Spanish emboscada from Latin imboscare: see AMBUSH, -ADE1]

ambush /ˈæmbʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a surprise attack by persons (e.g. troops) in a concealed position 伏击，伏击战 2  a  the concealment of troops etc. to make such an attack 隐蔽，设伏兵b  the place where they are concealed 埋伏地点，伏兵阵地c  the troops etc. concealed 伏兵，埋伏的人马 ●v. tr.  1  attack by means of an ambush 伏击 2  lie in wait for 伺机，伺机而动 [Middle English, in the sense ‘set (troops) to ambush’: via Old French embusche, embuschier, from a Romanic form = ‘put in a wood’: related to BUSH1]

ameba US var.  of AMOEBA [美] AMOEBA 的变体 □ amebic  adj.  □ ameboid  adj.  

ameer var.  of AMIR  AMIR 的变体

ameliorate /əˈmi:liəreit/ v. tr. & intr. formal  make or become better; improve [正式]改善，改进；变好 □ amelioration  /əˌmi:liəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ameliorative  adj.  □ ameliorator  n.   [alteration of MELIORATE, influenced by French améliorer]

amen /ɑ:ˈmen, ei-/ int. & n. ●int.  1  uttered at the end of a prayer or hymn etc., meaning ‘so be it’ 阿门(祈祷或赞美等结束时用语) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  expressing agreement or assent 表示同意  amen to that  同意那一点 ●n.  an utterance of ‘amen’ 祈祷(或赞美的)结束语 [Old English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek from Hebrew 'ɑˉmēn ‘certainly’]

amenable /əˈmi:nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  responsive, tractable 有反应的；肯服从的；易管教的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a person) responsible to law (人)负责任的；守法的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to) (of a thing) subject or liable (事情)受…支配的，可能遭…的 □ amenability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ amenableness  n.  □ amenably  adv.   [Anglo-French (Law) via French amener ‘bring to’ (as A-3 + mener ‘bring’) via Late Latin minare ‘drive (animals)’ from Latin minari ‘threaten’]

amend /əˈmend/ v. tr.  1  make minor improvements in (a text or a written proposal) (对文本、提案等)修改，修订 2  correct an error or errors in (a document) 纠正，改正(文件中的错误)，校改 3  make better; improve 改善，改进 □ amendable  adj.  □ amender  n.   [Middle English, from Old French amender, ultimately from Latin emendare EMEND]■Usage 用法说明 Amend should not be confused with emend, a more technical word used in the context of textual correction. 不要将 amend 和 emend 混淆，后者是用于文章校订的较专业词汇。 

amende honorable /əˌmɒ˜d ɒnɔ:ˈrɑ:b(ə)l, 法 amɑ˜d ɔnɔrabl/ n. (pl. amendes honorables pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a public or open apology, often with some form of reparation 公开道歉(常附带某种补偿) [French, = honourable reparation]

amendment /əˈmen(d)m(ə)nt/ n.  1  a minor improvement in a document (esp. a legal or statutory one) (尤指法律文件或法案的)小修改，修订，修正 2  an article added to the US Constitution (美国宪法的)修正案，修正条款 [AMEND + -MENT]

amends /əˈmen(d)z/ n.   □ make amends  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  compensate or make up (for) 补偿，赔偿；弥补 [Middle English from Old French amendes ‘penalties, fine’, pl. of amende ‘reparation’, from amender AMEND]

amenity /əˈmi:niti, -ˈmen-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a pleasant or useful feature 便利设施；实用设备 2  pleasantness (of a place, person, etc.) (地方、人等的)舒适；愉快 [Middle English from Old French amenité or Latin amoenitas, from amoenus ‘pleasant’]

amenity bed n. Brit.  a bed available in a hospital to give more privacy for a small payment [英] (需补少量费用可享受较清静环境的)舒适病床

amenorrhoea /əmenəˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] amenorrhea) Med.  an abnormal absence of menstruation 【医】(非正常)无月经，闭经 [A-1 + MENORRHOEA]

ament /ˈeiment, əˈment/ n. (also 亦作 amentum /-təm/) (pl. aments or amenta /-tə/) Bot.  a catkin 【植】柔荑花(序) [Latin, = thong]

amentia /eiˈmenʃə, ə-/ n. Med.  severe congenital mental handicap 【医】(严重先天性)智力缺陷，智力残疾 [Latin from amens ament- ‘mad’ (as A-1, mens ‘mind’)]

Amerasian /æməˈreiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of mixed American and Asian parentage 美亚混血儿的 ●n.  an Amerasian person, esp. a child fathered by an American serviceman in Asia (尤指父亲是在亚洲服役美军的)美亚混血儿 [portmanteau word from AMERICAN + ASIAN]

amerce /əˈmɜ:s/ v. tr.  1 Law  punish by fine 【法律】罚款，处以罚金 2  punish arbitrarily 随意责罚，任意惩罚 □ amercement  n.  □ amerciable  /-siəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English amercy from Anglo-French amercier from ɑˋ merci ‘at (the) mercy’]

America   (see 见 United States of America) 美国

American /əˈmerik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants 美国的；美国人的 2 (usu. in comb. 常用于复合词)  of or relating to the continents of America 美洲大陆的  Latin American  拉丁美洲的 ●n.  1  a native or citizen of the United States 美国人 2 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a native or inhabitant of the continents of America 美洲人(本地人或居民)  North Americans  北美人 3  the English language as it is used in the United States 美国英语 [modern Latin Americanus from America, from the Latinized form of the name of Amerigo Vespucci, Italian navigator (d. 1512), who made several voyages to the New World]

Americana /əmeriˈkɑ:nə/ n. pl.  things connected with America, esp. with the United States (事物等)与美洲有关的(尤指与美国有关的)

American aloe var.  of ALOE  3 ALOE 3 的变体

American dream n.  the traditional social ideals of the American people, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity 美国梦(指美国人的传统社会理想，如平等、民主、物质繁荣等)

American football n.  a kind of football played with an oval ball, evolved from rugby 美式足球，橄榄球

American Indian n.  a member of a group of indigenous peoples of N. and S. America and the Caribbean 美洲印第安人(南、北美洲及加勒比地区的土著居民)■Usage 用法说明 The term Native American is now often, though not universally, preferred. 现多用(虽不是全部)Native American 。 

Americanism /əˈmerik(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a word, sense, or phrase peculiar to or originating from the United States 美国特有(或起源于美国)的词汇、短语、表达法等b  a thing or feature characteristic of or peculiar to the United States 与美国有关(或美国特有)的事物(或特点) 2  attachment to or sympathy for the United States 崇美主义(指对美国的依附或同情)

Americanize /əˈmerik(ə)naiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make American in character 使美国化，使带上美国特点b  naturalize as an American 美国本土化；成为美国人 2 intr.  become American in character 带上美国特征，美国化 □ Americanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

American Legion n. (in the US) an association of ex-servicemen formed in 1919 美国军团(即美国退伍兵协会，成立于 1919 年)

American plaice  see 见 PLAICE 2 

American plan n. N. Amer.  a system of charging for a hotel room and meals (cf. 参见 EUROPEAN PLAN) [北美] (旅店膳宿的)美式计费制

americium /æməˈrisjəm/ n. Chem.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element (symbol 符 Am) 【化】(人造放射性元素)镅 [America (where it was first made) + -IUM]

Amerind /ˈæmərind/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Amerindian /æməˈrindiən/)  = AMERICAN INDIAN  [portmanteau word from AMERICAN + INDIAN]

amethyst /ˈæməθist/ n.  a precious stone of a violet or purple variety of quartz 紫水晶，紫石英 □ amethystine  /-ˈθisti:n/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ametiste and Latin amethystus from Greek amethustos ‘not drunken’, the stone being supposed to prevent intoxication]

Amex /ˈæmeks/ abbr. [缩略]  1 propr.  American Express [商标]美国快运公司 2  American Stock Exchange 美国股票交易所

Amharic /æmˈhærik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the official and commercial language of Ethiopia 阿姆哈拉语(埃塞俄比亚官方及商业语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language 阿姆哈拉语的 [Amhara, Ethiopian province + -IC]

amiable /ˈeimiəb(ə)l/ adj.  friendly and pleasant in temperament; likeable 性情友善的，和蔼的；令人喜爱的 □ amiability  /eimiəˈbiliti/ n.  □ amiableness  n.  □ amiably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin amicabilis ‘amicable’: the spelling from confusion with French aimable ‘lovable’]

amianthus /æmiˈænθəs/ n. (also 亦作 amiantus /-təs/)  a fine silky-fibred variety of asbestos 精细石棉，石绒 [Latin from Greek amiantos ‘undefiled’ from a- ‘not’ + miainō ‘defile’ (i.e. purified by fire, being incombustible): for -h- cf. AMARANTH]

amicable /ˈæmikəb(ə)l/ adj.  showing or done in a friendly spirit 友善的，友好的  an amicable meeting  一次友好的会见 □ amicability  /æmikəˈbiliti/ n.  □ amicableness  n.  □ amicably  adv.   [Late Latin amicabilis, from Latin amicus ‘friend’]

amice1 /ˈæmis/ n.  a white linen cloth worn on the neck and shoulders by a priest celebrating the Eucharist (牧师在圣餐典礼上披的)白亚麻披肩 [Middle English via medieval Latin amicia, -sia from Latin amictus ‘outer garment’]

amice2 /ˈæmis/ n.  a cap, hood, or cape worn by members of certain religious orders (某些神职人员戴的)带头兜的衬皮披肩 [Middle English via Old French aumusse from medieval Latin almucia etc., of unknown origin]

amicus curiae /æˌmaikəs ˈkjʊərii:/ n. (pl. amici curiae /-si/) Law  an impartial adviser in a court of law 【法律】法院临时法律顾问 [modern Latin, = friend of the court]

amid /əˈmid/ prep. (also 亦作 amidst /əˈmidst/)  1  in the middle of 在…之中，在…中间 2  in the course of 在…过程中 [Middle English amidde(s) (as A2 + MID)]

amide /ˈeimaid, ˈæmaid/ n. Chem.  a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one (or sometimes more than one) hydrogen atom by a metal or an acyl radical 【化】氨基化合物 [AMMONIA + -IDE]

amidships /əˈmidʃips/ adv. (US also [美亦] amidship)  in or into the middle of a ship 在船体中部，在船腹 [MIDSHIP, influenced by AMID]

amidst var.  of AMID  AMID 的变体

amigo /əˈmi:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer. colloq. (often as a form of address) a friend or comrade, esp. in Spanish-speaking areas [尤北美口] (常用于称呼)朋友，同志(尤用于西班牙语地区) [Spanish]

amine /ˈeimi:n/ n. Chem.  a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by an organic radical or radicals 【化】胺，胺类 [AMMONIA + -INE4]

amino /əˈmi:nəʊ/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent group -NH2 【化】氨基；氨基的 [AMINE]

amino acid /əˌmi:nəʊ ˈæsid, əˌmain-/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of simple organic compounds containing both the carboxyl (COOH) and amino (NH2) group, many occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the basic constituents of proteins 【生化】氨基酸

amir /əˈmi:ə/ n. (also 亦作 ameer)  the title of some Arab rulers 埃米尔(对某些阿拉伯统治者的称谓) [Arabic ˈamīr ‘commander’ from amara ‘command’: cf. EMIR]

Amish /ˈæmiʃ, ˈɑ:-, ˈei-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  belonging to a strict US Mennonite sect (美国门诺派中的)严谨派的 ●n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the members of this sect 美国门诺派中的严谨派人士 [probably from German Amisch, from J. Amen 17th-c. Swiss Mennonite preacher]

amiss /əˈmis/ adj. & adv. ●predic. adj.  wrong; out of order; faulty 出差错的；有毛病的  knew something was amiss  知道有地方出了毛病 ●adv.  wrong; wrongly; inappropriately 出差错；有毛病；不合适地  everything went amiss  一切都乱套了 □ take amiss   be offended by 对…见怪；对…生气  took my words amiss  对我的话不高兴 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse ɑˋ mis ‘so as to miss’, from ɑˋ ‘on’ + mis related to MISS1]

amitosis /æmiˈtəʊsis, eimai-/ n. Biol.  a form of nuclear division that does not involve mitosis 【生】无丝分裂，直接核分裂 [A-1 + MITOSIS]

amitriptyline /æmiˈtriptili:n/ n. Pharm.  an antidepressant drug that has a mild tranquillizing action 【药】阿米替林，阿密曲替林(一种抗抑郁药) [AMINE + TRI- + heptyl (see HEPTANE) + -INE4]

amity /ˈæmiti/ n.  friendship; friendly relations 友好，友谊；亲善关系 [Middle English from Old French amitié, ultimately from Latin amicus ‘friend’]

Amman /əˈmɑ:n/ n.  安曼 [约旦首都]

ammeter /ˈæmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes 安培计，电流计 [AMPERE + -METER]

ammo /ˈæməʊ/ n. colloq.  ammunition [口]弹药，军火 [abbreviation]

ammonia /əˈməʊniə/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NH3 氨(带有特殊刺鼻气味) 2 (in general use) a strongly alkaline solution of ammonia gas in water (一般指)氨水 [modern Latin from SAL AMMONIAC]

ammoniacal /æmə(ʊ)ˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  of, relating to, or containing ammonia or sal ammoniac 氨的，氨性的，含氨的 [Middle English ammoniac via Old French and Latin from Greek ammōniakos ‘of Ammon’, used as a noun for the salt and gum obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon (the Greek name for the Egyptian deity Amen) at Siwain Egypt (cf. SAL AMMONIAC)]

ammoniated /əˈməʊnieitid/ adj.  combined or treated with ammonia 与氨化合的；被氨处理过的

ammonite /ˈæmənait/ n.  an extinct cephalopod mollusc of the order Ammonoidea, with a flat coiled spiral shell found as a fossil 菊石(一种已灭绝的头足目软体动物的化石介壳) [modern Latin ammonites, from medieval Latin cornu Ammonis ‘horn of Ammon’ (see AMMONIACAL), from the fossil's resemblance to the ram's horn associated with Ammon]

ammonium /əˈməʊniəm/ n.  the monovalent ion NH4+, formed from ammonia 铵，氨盐基 [modern Latin (as AMMONIA)]

ammunition /æmjʊˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a supply of projectiles (esp. bullets, shells, and grenades) 军火，弹药(尤指子弹、炮弹、手榴弹) 2  points used or usable to advantage in an argument (能在辩论中争得主动的)论点，有力论据 [obsolete French amunition, corruption of (la) munition ‘(the) MUNITION’]

amnesia /æmˈni:zjə/ n.  a partial or total loss of memory 记忆缺失，健忘症 □ amnesiac  /-ziæk/ n.  □ amnesic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek, = forgetfulness]

amnesty /ˈæmnisti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a general pardon, esp. for political offences (尤指对政治犯的)大赦，特赦 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  grant an amnesty to 大赦，特赦，赦免 [French amnestie, or Latin from Greek amnēstia ‘oblivion’]

Amnesty International n.  an independent international organization in support of human rights, esp. for prisoners of conscience 大赦国际

amnio /ˈæmniəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  amniocentesis [口]羊膜穿刺术 [abbreviation]

amniocentesis /ˌæmniəʊsenˈti:sis/ n. (pl. amniocenteses /-si:z/) Med.  the sampling of amniotic fluid by insertion of a hollow needle into the uterus to determine the condition of a foetus 【医】羊膜穿刺术 [AMNION + Greek kentēsis ‘pricking’, from kentō ‘to prick’]

amnion /ˈæmniən/ n. (pl. amnia) Zool. & Physiol.  the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal 【动】【生理】羊膜，胎衣 □ amniotic  /æmniˈɒtik/ adj.   [Greek, = caul (diminutive of amnos ‘lamb’)]

amniote /ˈæmniəʊt/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  an animal whose embryo develops in an amnion 羊膜动物 ●adj.  of or relating to such animals 羊膜动物的；羊膜的 [back-formation from AMNIOTIC (see AMNION)]

amniotic fluid n.  the fluid surrounding a foetus within the amnion (胎盘中的)羊水；羊膜液

amoeba /əˈmi:bə/ n. (US also [美亦] ameba) (pl. amoebas or amoebae /-bi:/)  any usu. aquatic protozoan of the genus Amoeba, esp. A. proteus, capable of changing shape 阿米巴，变形虫 □ amoebic  adj.  □ amoeboid  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek amoibē ‘change’]

amoebiasis /æmi:ˈbaiəsis/ n. (US [美] amebiasis) (pl. amoebiases) Med.  infection with amoebas, esp. as causing dysentery 【医】阿米巴感染(尤指引起痢疾)，变形虫病 [AMOEBA + -ASIS]

amoebic dysentery n. (US also [美亦] amebic dysentery)  dysentery caused by infection of the gut with certain amoebae 阿米巴痢疾

amok /əˈmɒk/ adv. (also 亦作 amuck /əˈmʌk/)   □ run amok   run about wildly in an uncontrollable violent rage 疯狂乱跑，狂暴地跑 [Malay amok ‘rushing in a frenzy’]

among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. (also 亦作 esp. Brit. [尤英] amongst /əˈmʌŋst/, poet. [诗] 'mongst /mʌŋst/)  1  surrounded by; in the company of 被…所包围；与…为伴  lived among the trees  住在树林里 be among friends  与朋友在一起 2  in the number of 其中，在…之中  among us were those who disagreed  我们中间有不同意的人 3  an example of; in the class or category of 其中之一；在内  is among the richest men alive  属于活着的最有钱的人之一 4  a  between; within the limits of (collectively or distributively); shared by 在(两者)之间；在…范围内；被…共享  had £ 5 among us  我们共有 5 英镑 divide it among you  你们把它分了b  by the joint action or from the joint resources of 联手，合作  among us we can manage it  我们携手就能做成 5  with one another; by the reciprocal action of 彼此，相互  was decided among the participants  参与者彼此做出决定 talked among themselves  他们相互之间交谈 6  as distinguished from; pre-eminent in the category of 区别于…；其中之佼佼者  she is one among many  她是众多中的一个 [Old English ongemang, (as A2 + gemang ‘assemblage’): -st = adverbial genitive -s + -t as in AGAINST]

amontillado /əmɒntiˈlɑ:dəʊ, -ˈljɑ:-/ n. (pl. -os)  a medium dry sherry 半干型雪利酒 [Spanish, from Montilla in Spain + -ado = -ATE2]

amoral /eiˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj.  1  not concerned with or outside the scope of morality (cf. 参见 IMMORAL) 与道德无关的；超越道德范围的 2  having no moral principles 无道德准则的 □ amoralism  n.  □ amoralist  n.  □ amorality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  

amoretto /æməˈretəʊ, 意 amoˈretto/ n. (pl. amoretti /-ti:/)  a Cupid 小爱神 [Italian, diminutive of amore ‘love’, from Latin amor]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AMARETTO. 见 AMARETTO 的用法注释。 

amorist /ˈæmərist/ n.  a person who professes or writes of (esp. sexual) love 多情的人，好色的人；善于写爱情(尤指色情)故事的人 [Latin amor or French amour + -IST]

amoroso1 /æməˈrəʊzəʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in a loving or tender manner 【音】深情而柔缓的(地) [Italian]

amoroso2 /æməˈrəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a full rich type of sherry 醇浓型雪利酒 [Spanish, = amorous]

amorous /ˈæm(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  showing, feeling, or inclined to sexual love 表示爱情的；多情的；好色的 2  of or relating to sexual love 色情的，情欲的 □ amorously  adv.  □ amorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin amorosus from Latin amor ‘love’]

amorphous /əˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.  1  shapeless 无定形的 2  vague, ill-organized 含糊不清的；无组织的，散漫的 3 Mineral. & Chem.  non-crystalline; having neither definite form nor structure 【矿】【化】非晶体的；无定形和无固定结构的 □ amorphously  adv.  □ amorphousness  n.   [medieval Latin amorphus from Greek amorphos ‘shapeless’ (as A-1 + morphē ‘form’)]

amortize /əˈmɔ:taiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Commerce 【商业】  1  gradually extinguish (a debt) by money regularly put aside 分期偿还(债务) 2  gradually write off the initial cost of (assets) 分期注销(资产的)创建成本，摊销(资产) 3 hist.  transfer (land) to a corporation in mortmain [史义] (将土地)交由法人永久保管 □ amortization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French amortir (stem amortiss-), ultimately from Latin ad ‘to’ + mors mort- ‘death’]

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. & v. ●n.  a quantity, esp. the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, extent, etc. 总量(尤指总数、规模、价值、程度等)  a large amount of money  巨额金钱 came to a considerable amount  达到相当数量 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be equivalent to in number, size, significance, etc. (在数量、规模、意义等方面)等同，无异于  amounted to £ 100  总计 100 英镑 amounted to a disaster  无异于一场灾难 □ any amount of   a great deal of 大量□ no amount of   not even the greatest possible amount of 即使再多(或再大)…也不行 [Middle English via Old French amunter from amont ‘upward’, literally ‘uphill’, from Latin ad montem]

amour /əˈmʊə/ n.  a love affair, esp. a secret one (尤指暗中)恋爱，恋情；偷情 [French, = love, from Latin amor amoris]

amour propre /æˌmʊə ˈprɒpr(ə), 法 amur prɔpr/ n.  self-respect 自尊 [French]

AMP abbr.  adenosine monophosphate [缩略]单硫腺苷

amp1 /æmp/ n. Electr.  an ampere 【电】安培 [abbreviation]

amp2 /æmp/ n. colloq.  an amplifier [口]放大器 [abbreviation]

ampelopsis /æmpiˈlɒpsis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any plant of the genus Ampelopsis or Parthenocissus, usu. a climber supporting itself by twining tendrils, e.g. Virginia creeper 蛇葡萄属植物；美国蔓藤 [modern Latin from Greek ampelos ‘vine’ + opsis ‘appearance’]

amperage /ˈæmp(ə)ridʒ/ n. Electr.  the strength of an electric current in amperes 【电】安培数，电流强度

ampere /ˈæmpɛə/ n. Electr.  the SI base unit of electric current (symbol 符 A) 【电】安培 [named after A. M. Ampère, French physicist d. 1836]

ampersand /ˈæmpəsænd/ n.  the sign & (= and, Latin 拉丁语 et) 符号 & [corruption of and per se and (‘&’ by itself is ‘and’), chanted as an aid to learning the sign]

amphetamine /æmˈfetəmi:n, -in/ n.  a synthetic drug used esp. as a stimulant (尤指作为兴奋剂的)安非他明，苯异丙胺 [abbreviation of chemical name alpha-methyl phenethylamine]

amphi- /ˈæmfi/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  both 两者 2  of both kinds 两类 3  on both sides 双方 4  around 在…周围 [Greek]

amphibian /æmˈfibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  living both on land and in water 两栖的，水陆两栖的 2 Zool.  of or relating to the class Amphibia 【动】两栖类的 3 (of a vehicle) able to operate on land and water (指车辆)水陆两用的 ●n.  1 Zool.  any vertebrate of the class Amphibia, with a life history of an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage, including frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders 【动】两栖纲脊椎动物 2 (in general use) a creature living both on land and in water (泛指)水陆两栖动物 3  an amphibian vehicle 水陆两用车辆 [modern Latin amphibium from Greek amphibion, from AMPHI- + bios ‘life’]

amphibious /æmˈfibiəs/ adj.  1  living both on land and in water 水陆两栖的 2  of or relating to or suited for both land and water 既适合在陆地又适合在水中生活的 3 Mil. 【军】  a (of a military operation) involving forces landed from the sea (指军事行动)海军陆战的b (of forces) trained for such operations (指军队)两栖作战的 4  having a twofold nature; occupying two positions 具有双重性格的；兼任两职的 □ amphibiously  adv.  

amphibole /ˈæmfibəʊl/ n. Mineral.  any of a class of rock-forming silicate and aluminosilicate minerals with fibrous or columnar crystals 【矿】闪石 [French from Latin amphibolus ‘ambiguous’, so called because of the varied structure of these minerals]

amphibolite /æmˈfibəlait/ n. Geol.  a granular metamorphic rock consisting mainly of hornblende and plagioclase 【地质】闪岩，角闪岩

amphibology /æmfiˈbɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a quibble 语义模棱两可，双关语 2  an ambiguous wording 语义含混的语句 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin from Latin, from Greek amphibolia ‘ambiguity’]

amphimixis /æmfiˈmiksis/ n. Biol.  true sexual reproduction with the fusion of gametes from two individuals (cf. 参见 APOMIXIS) 【生】两性混合，两性生殖；交配 □ amphimictic  adj.   [modern Latin (as AMPHI- + Greek mixis ‘mingling’)]

amphioxus /æmfiˈɒksəs/ n.  any lancelet of the genus Branchiostoma (formerly [旧指] Amphioxus) 文昌鱼 [modern Latin (as AMPHI- + Greek oxus ‘sharp’)]

amphipathic /æmfiˈpæθik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1 (of a molecule) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (指分子)同时具有亲水和厌水部分的，两性分子的 2  consisting of such molecules 由两性分子构成的 [AMPHI- + Greek pathikos (as PATHOS)]

amphipod /ˈæmfipɒd/ n.  any crustacean of the largely marine order Amphipoda, having a laterally compressed abdomen with two kinds of limb, e.g. the freshwater shrimp (Gammarus pulex) 片脚类动物(例如淡水虾) [AMPHI- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

amphiprostyle /æmˈfiprəstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a classical building with a portico at each end 前后有柱门廊的古典式建筑 ●adj.  of or in this style 前后有柱门廊的 [Latin amphiprostylus from Greek amphiprostulos (as AMPHI-, prostulos PROSTYLE)]

amphisbaena /æmfisˈbi:nə/ n.  1 Mythol. & poet.  a fabulous serpent with a head at each end 【神话】[诗] (传说中的)两头蛇 2 Zool.  a burrowing wormlike lizard of the genus Amphisbaena, having no apparent division of head from body, making both ends look similar 【动】无头蜥蜴 [Middle English via Latin from Greek amphisbaina, from amphis ‘both ways’ + bainō ‘go’]

amphitheatre /ˈæmfiθi:ətə/ n. (US [美] amphitheater)  1  a round, usu. unroofed building with tiers of seats surrounding a central space 阶梯式圆形剧场或体育场(通常无顶) 2  a semicircular gallery in a theatre (剧场的)半圆形看台 3  a large circular hollow 圆形凹地 4  the scene of a contest 比赛场地，竞技场 [Latin amphitheatrum from Greek amphitheatron (as AMPHI-, THEATRE)]

amphora /ˈæmf(ə)rə/ n. (pl. amphorae /-ri:/ or amphoras)  a Greek or Roman vessel with two handles and a narrow neck 双耳细颈瓶(古希腊或罗马的一种器皿) [Latin, from Greek amphoreus]

amphoteric /æmfəˈterik/ adj. Chem.  able to react as a base and an acid 【化】两性的，同时有酸碱性的 [Greek amphoteros, comparative of amphō ‘both’]

ampicillin /æmpiˈsilin/ n. Pharm.  a semi-synthetic penicillin used esp. in treating infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts 【药】氨比西林(一种半合成体青霉素，用于治疗泌尿及呼吸道感染) [amino + penicillin]

ample /ˈæmp(ə)l/ adj. (ampler, amplest)  1  a  plentiful, abundant, extensive 丰富的，大量的，充裕的b euphem. (esp. of a person) large, stout [婉] (尤指人)高大的；强壮的；胖的 2  enough or more than enough 足够的，过多的 □ ampleness  n.  □ amply  adv.   [French, from Latin amplus]

amplifier /ˈæmplifaiə/ n.  1  an electronic device for increasing the strength of electrical signals, used esp. in sound reproduction 扩音器；放大器 2  this combined with a loudspeaker and used to amplify musical instruments etc. 扬声器，喇叭

amplify /ˈæmplifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  increase the volume or strength of (sound, electrical signals, etc.) 放大，扩大(声音、电子信号等) 2 tr.  enlarge upon or add detail to (a story etc.) (对故事等)扩充或增加细节 3 intr.  expand what is said or written 夸大其辞，夸张 □ amplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French amplifier from Latin amplificare (as AMPLE, -FY)]

amplitude /ˈæmplitju:d/ n.  1  a Physics  the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation from the position of equilibrium 【物理学】振幅b Electr.  the maximum departure of the value of an alternating current or wave from the average value 【电】振幅 2  a  spaciousness, breadth; wide range 广阔，宽阔b  abundance 大量，丰富 [French amplitude or Latin amplitudo (as AMPLE)]

amplitude modulation n. Electr.  the modulation of a wave by variation of its amplitude, esp. as a means of carrying an audio signal by radio (abbr. 缩略 : AM) 【电】振幅调制，调幅(尤指作为无线音频信号的载体)

ampoule /ˈæmpu:l/ n. (esp. US also [尤美亦] ampul or ampule /ˈæmpju:l/)  a small capsule in which measured quantities of liquids or solids, esp. for injecting, are sealed ready for use 一次用量的针剂，安瓿 [French, from Latin AMPULLA]

ampulla /æmˈpʊlə/ n. (pl. ampullae /-li:/)  1  a  a Roman globular flask with two handles (古罗马的)双耳球瓶b  a vessel for sacred uses 圣瓶 2 Anat.  the dilated end of a vessel or duct 【解】(容器或管道的)喇叭口 [Latin]

amputate /ˈæmpjʊteit/ v. tr.  cut off by surgical operation (a part of the body, esp. a limb), usu. because of injury or disease (通常因伤病等)手术切除；截肢 □ amputation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ amputator  n.   [Latin amputare, from amb- ‘about’ + putare ‘prune’]

amputee /æmpjʊˈti:/ n.  a person who has lost a limb etc. by amputation 被截肢者；接受过切除手术的人

Amsterdam /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ n.  阿姆斯特丹 [荷兰首都]

amtrac /ˈæmtræk/ n. (also 亦作 amtrak) US  an amphibious tracked vehicle used for landing assault troops on a shore [美] (用于登陆攻击岸上部队的)水陆两用履带式车辆 [amphibious + tractor]

amu abbr.  atomic mass unit [缩略]原子质量单位

amuck var.  of AMOK  AMOK 的变体

amulet /ˈæmjʊlit/ n.  1  an ornament or small piece of jewellery worn as a charm against evil 护身符 2  something which is thought to give such protection 充当护身符的东西 [Latin amuletum, of unknown origin]

amuse /əˈmju:z/ v. tr.  1  cause (a person) to laugh or smile 使(人)发笑；逗笑 2 (also 亦作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 with, by)  interest or occupy; keep (a person) entertained 使感兴趣；给(某人)提供娱乐(或消遣) □ amusing  adj.  □ amusingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French amuser ‘cause to muse’ (see MUSE2) from causal, a ‘to’ + muser ‘stare’]

amusement /əˈmju:zm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something that amuses, esp. a pleasant diversion, game, or pastime 娱乐活动，消遣方式 2  a  the state of being amused 娱乐，消遣(状态)b  the act of amusing 娱乐、消遣(行为) 3 Brit.  a mechanical device (e.g. a roundabout) for entertainment at a fairground etc. [英]娱乐设施(如旋转木马等) [French from amuser: see AMUSE, -MENT]

amusement arcade n. Brit.  an indoor area for entertainment with automatic game machines [英] (设有自动游戏机的)室内游艺场，游艺厅

amusement park n.  a large outdoor area with fairground amusements etc. (大型户外)游艺场，游乐园

Amy /ˈeimi/   埃米 [人名]

amygdaloid /əˈmiɡdəlɔid/ adj.  shaped like an almond 杏仁状的 [Latin amygdala, from Greek amugdalē ‘almond’]

amygdaloid nucleus n.  a roughly almond-shaped mass of grey matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere, associated with the sense of smell (大脑中司嗅觉的)杏仁核

amyl /ˈeimail, ˈæmil/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent group C5H11-, derived from pentane Also called 亦称作 pentyl 【化】戊基 [Latin amylum ‘starch’]

amylase /ˈæmileiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars 【生化】淀粉酶 [AMYL + -ASE]

amyloid /ˈæmilɔid/ n. & adj. Med. 【医】  ●n.  a glycoprotein deposited in connective tissue in certain diseases (某些疾病的连接组织中的)糖蛋白沉积，淀粉样蛋白 ●adj.  of or involving this substance 糖蛋白的，淀粉质的 [AMYL + -OID]

amylopsin /æmiˈlɒpsin/ n. Biochem.  a digestive enzyme, secreted by the pancreas, that converts starch into maltose 【生化】胰淀粉酶 [AMYL, on the pattern of pepsin]

Amytal /ˈæmit(ə)l/ n. propr.  a barbiturate drug used as a sedative and a hypnotic [商标]阿米妥，安密妥，异戊巴比妥(一种镇静催眠药) [AMYL + BARBITAL]

an /æn, ən/ det.  the form of the indefinite article (see 见 A1) used before words beginning with a vowel sound 不定冠词形式，用于以元音开头的单词前  an egg  一个蛋 an hour  一小时 an MP  一名议员■Usage 用法说明 Some people retain the use of an before words beginning with a sounded h e.g. an hotel, an historian. Historically this was justifiable because the h- was dropped in these words, but today this is not the case and a hotel, a historian are now the preferred forms. 在发音的 h 前有的人仍沿用 an ，如 an hotel (一家宾馆)和 an historian (一位历史学家), 因为这些 h 过去是不发音的。现在多用 a hotel 和 a historian 。 

an-1 /æn/ prefix  not, without (anarchy 无政府状态) (cf. 参见 A-1) 无，没有 [Greek an-]

an-2 /ən, æn/  assim. form of AD- before n. (在名词前) AD- 的同化形式

-an suffix  1 /(ə)n/ (also 亦作 -ean, -ian)  forming adjectives and nouns, esp. from names of places, systems, zoological classes or orders, and founders (Mexican 墨西哥的，墨西哥人 ; Anglican 英国国教的，英国国教徒 ; crustacean 甲壳类的，甲壳类 ; European 欧洲的，欧洲人 ; Lutheran 路德教会的，路德教会 ; Georgian 乔治亚的，乔治亚人 ; theologian 神学的，神学家) (尤用于某些地名、体系名、动物分类名、创始人名等)构成形容词或名词 2 /æn/ Chem.  forming names of organic compounds (dextran 右旋糖苷) 【化】构成有机化合物名 [ultimately from Latin adjectival endings -(i)anus, -aeus: cf. Greek -aios, -eios]

ana /ˈɑ:nə/ n.  1 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  anecdotes or literary gossip about a person (关于某人的)轶事，闲话；文坛杂闻 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a collection of a person's memorable sayings 语录，言论集 [= -ANA]

ana- /ˈænə/ prefix (usu. an- before a vowel 在元音前通常作 an-)  1  up (anadromous 逆河产卵的) 向上 2  back (anamnesis 回想) 向后，过去 3  again (anabaptism 再洗礼论) 再，又 [Greek ana ‘up’]

-ana /ˈɑ:nə/ suffix  forming plural nouns meaning ‘things associated with’ (Victoriana 有关维多利亚王朝的材料 ; Americana 有关美国的文献) 构成复数名词，意为“与…有关的” [neut. pl. of Latin adjectival ending -anus]

Anabaptism /ænəˈbæptiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that baptism should only be administered to believing adults (主张仅对成年信徒施洗的)再洗礼论 □ Anabaptist  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin anabaptismus from Greek anabaptismos (as ANA-, BAPTISM)]

anabas /ˈænəbæs/ n.  = CLIMBING PERCH  [modern Latin from Greek, past part. of anabainō ‘walk up’]

anabasis /æˈnæbəsis/ n. (pl. anabases /-si:z/)  1  the march of Cyrus the Younger into Asia in 401 BC as narrated by Xenophon in his work Anabasis 前进(源于色诺芬在其作品《远征记》中描写的公元前 401 年小居鲁士对亚洲的远征) 2  a military up-country march 军事远征；进军 [Greek, = ascent, from anabainō (as ANA-, bainō ‘go’)]

anabatic /ænəˈbætik/ adj. Meteorol. (of a wind) caused by local upward motion of warm air (cf. 参见 KATABATIC) 【气】(风)由局部热空气上升引起的 [Greek anabatikos ‘ascending’ (as ANABASIS)]

anabiosis /ænəbaiˈəʊsis/ n. Biol. 【生】  1  a temporary state of suspended animation or greatly reduced metabolism 暂时休眠；新陈代谢缓慢 2  the ability to revive from this 回生，复苏 □ anabiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [medieval Latin from Greek anabiōsis, from anabioō ‘return to life’]

anabolic /ænəˈbɒlik/ adj. Biochem.  of or relating to anabolism 【生化】合成代谢的

anabolic steroid n.  a synthetic steroid hormone used to increase muscle size (用于增加肌肉体积的)合成代谢类固醇

anabolism /æˈnæbəliz(ə)m/ n. Biochem.  the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism (opp. 反义 CATABOLISM) 【生化】合成代谢 [Greek anabolē ‘ascent’ (as ANA-, ballō ‘throw’)]

anabranch /ˈænəbrɑ:n(t)ʃ/ n. esp. Austral.  a stream that leaves a river and re-enters it lower down [尤澳] (在下游又汇入主流的)支流 [ANASTOMOSE + BRANCH]

anachronism /əˈnækrəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the attribution of a custom, event, etc. to a period to which it does not belong 弄错时代，时代错误b  a thing attributed in this way 弄错时代的事物，不合时代的事物 2  a  anything out of harmony with its period 不合时宜的事物b  an old-fashioned or out-of-date person or thing 过时的人(或事物)；落后于时代的人(或事物) □ anachronistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ anachronistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French anachronisme or Greek anakhronismos (as ANA-, khronos ‘time’)]

anacoluthon /ænəkəˈlu:θɒn, -θ(ə)n/ n. (pl. anacolutha /-θə/)  a sentence or construction which lacks grammatical sequence (e.g. 如 while in the garden the door banged shut 在花园里的时候门嘭地关上了) 错格；错格句(指句子的语法结构前后不一致或不连贯) □ anacoluthic  adj.   [Late Latin, from Greek anakolouthon (as AN-1, akolouthos ‘following’)]

anaconda /ænəˈkɒndə/ n.  a S. American boa of the genus Eunectes, esp. the very large semiaquatic E. murinus (尤指半水生的)森蚺(南美巨蟒，无毒蟒蛇) [alteration of Latin anacandaia ‘python’ from Sinhalese henakandayɑˉ ‘whip snake’, from hena ‘lightning’ + kanda ‘stem’: originally the name of a snake in Sri Lanka]

anacreontic /ənækriˈɒntik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a poem written after the manner of Anacreon, a Greek lyric poet (d. 478 BC) 阿那克里翁(希腊抒情诗人，死于公元前 478 年)风格的诗篇 ●adj.  1  after the manner of Anacreon 阿那克里翁风格的 2  convivial and amatory in tone 专写欢宴和爱情享乐的 [Late Latin anacreonticus from Greek Anakreōn]

anacrusis /ænəˈkru:sis/ n. (pl. anacruses /-si:z/)  1 (in poetry) an unstressed syllable at the beginning of a verse (诗句)开头的非重读音节 2 Mus.  an unstressed note or notes before the first bar line 【音】在第一小节线之前的非加重音符 [modern Latin from Greek anakrousis ‘prelude’ (as ANA-, krousis from krouō ‘strike’)]

anadromous /əˈnædrəməs/ adj. (of a fish, e.g. the salmon) that swims up a river from the sea to spawn (opp. 反义 CATADROMOUS) (鱼，如鲑鱼)从海洋溯河产卵的 [Greek anadromos (as ANA-, dromos ‘running’)]

anaemia /əˈni:miə/ n. (US [美] anemia)  a deficiency in the blood, usu. of red cells or their haemoglobin, resulting in pallor and weariness 贫血，贫血症 [modern Latin from Greek anaimia (as AN-1, -AEMIA)]

anaemic /əˈni:mik/ adj. (US [美] anemic)  1  relating to or suffering from anaemia 贫血的，贫血症的 2  pale; lacking in vitality 苍白的；无活力的

anaerobe /ˈænərəʊb, əˈnɛərəʊb/ n.  an organism that grows without air, or requires oxygen-free conditions to live 厌氧菌，厌氧性生物 □ anaerobic  /ænɛəˈrəʊbik/ adj.   [French anaérobie (as AN-1 + AEROBE)]

anaesthesia /ænisˈθi:zjə/ n. (US [美] anesthesia)  the absence of sensation, esp. artificially induced insensitivity to pain, usu. achieved by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs 感觉缺失，麻木；(尤指人工用气体或药物)麻醉 □ anaesthesiology  /-ˈɒlədʒi/ n.   [modern Latin from Greek anaisthēsia (as AN-1, aisthēsis ‘sensation’)]

anaesthetic /ænisˈθetik/ n. & adj. (US [美] anesthetic) ●n.  a substance that produces insensibility to pain etc. 麻醉剂，麻药 ●adj.  producing partial or complete insensibility to pain etc. (部分或完全)无痛觉的；麻醉的 [Greek anaisthētos ‘insensible’ (as ANAESTHESIA)]

anaesthetist /əˈni:sθətist/ n.  a specialist in the administration of anaesthetics 麻醉师

anaesthetize /əˈni:sθətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise, US [美] anesthetize)  1  administer an anaesthetic to 使麻醉；对…施行麻醉 2  deprive of physical or mental sensation 使(肉体或头脑)麻木 □ anaesthetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

anaglyph /ˈænəɡlif/ n.  1 Photog.  a composite stereoscopic photograph printed in superimposed complementary colours 【摄】彩色立体照片 2  an embossed object cut in low relief 浅浮雕 □ anaglyphic  /-ˈɡlifik/ adj.   [Greek anagluphē (as ANA-, gluphē from gluphō ‘carve’)]

Anaglypta /ænəˈɡliptə/ n. propr.  a type of thick embossed wallpaper, usu. for painting over [商标] (一种带有浮雕花纹的)厚墙纸 [Latin anaglypta ‘work in low relief’: cf. ANAGLYPH]

anagram /ˈænəɡræm/ n.  a word or phrase formed by transposing the letters of another word or phrase (由颠倒字母顺序而构成的)回文构词法，换音造词法 □ anagrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ anagrammatical  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anagrammatize  /-ˈɡræmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French anagramme or modern Latin anagramma, from Greek ANA- + gramma -atos ‘letter’: cf. -GRAM]

anal /ˈein(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or situated near the anus 肛门的；近肛门的 □ anally  adv.   [modern Latin analis (as ANUS)]

analects /ˈænəlekts/ n. pl. (also 亦作 analecta /ænəˈlektə/)  a collection of short literary extracts 文选；论集 [Latin from Greek analekta ‘things gathered’, from analegō ‘pick up’]

analeptic /ænəˈleptik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug etc.) restorative (药等)滋补的；恢复健康的 ●n.  a restorative medicine or drug 补药，滋补剂 [Greek analēptikos from analambanō ‘take back’]

analgesia /æn(ə)lˈdʒi:zjə/ n.  the absence or relief of pain 痛觉缺失(或缓解) [modern Latin from Greek, = painlessness]

analgesic /æn(ə)lˈdʒi:sik, -zik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving pain 止痛的 ●n.  an analgesic drug 止痛药

analog US var.  of ANALOGUE [美] ANALOGUE 的变体

analogize /əˈnælədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  represent or explain by analogy 以类推法表明或解释 2 intr.  use analogy 类推

analogous /əˈnæləɡəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  partially similar or parallel; showing analogy 相似的，类似的；类推的 2 Biol.  performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin (opp. 反义 HOMOLOGOUS 2) 【生】非同源进化但功能相似的，同功的 □ analogously  adv.   [Latin analogus from Greek analogos ‘proportionate’]■Usage 用法说明 Analogous means ‘similar in certain respects’. It should not be used as a mere synonym for similar. analogous 一词的意思是“在某些方面类似”，因此不能简单视为 similar 的同义词。 

analogue /ˈænəlɒɡ/ n. & adj. (US also [美亦] analog) ●n.  1  an analogous or parallel thing 类似物；类似情况 2 Chem.  a compound with a molecular structure closely similar to that of another 【化】(具有两种类似分子结构的)化合物 3  a synthetic food product resembling a natural food in taste and texture (类似某种天然食物的味道和质感的)人造食品，代用食品 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 analog)  1  relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc. 模拟的；类似的 2 (of a watch etc.) showing the time by means of hands or a pointer rather than displayed digits Cf. 参见 DIGITAL adj. 2 (手表等)指针显示的，非数字显示的 [French from Greek analogon neut. adj.: see ANALOGOUS]

analogy /əˈnælədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with, between)  correspondence or partial similarity 相应；相似，类似 2 Logic  a process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects 【逻辑学】类推，类比 3 Philol.  the imitation of existing words in forming inflections or constructions of others, without the existence of corresponding intermediate stages 【语文】类同 4 Biol.  the resemblance of function between organs essentially different 【生】异体同功，同功器官 5  an analogue 相似物，类似情况 □ analogical  /ænəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ analogically  /ænəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [French analogie or Latin analogia ‘proportion’, from Greek (as ANALOGOUS)]

anal-retentive adj. (of a person) excessively orderly and fussy (supposedly owing to conflict over toilet-training in infancy) (指人)过分古板的，循规蹈矩的(据猜测源于幼儿从使用尿布转为到厕所大便期的抵触) □ anal retention  n.  □ anal retentiveness  n.  

analysand /əˈnælisænd/ n.  a person undergoing psychoanalysis 接受精神分析的人，精神分析对象

analyse /ˈæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (US [美] analyze)  1  examine in detail the constitution or structure of 分析；细察 2 Chem.  ascertain the constituents of (a sample of a mixture or compound) 【化】分析，分解(样品的化学成分) 3  find or show the essence or structure of (a book, music, etc.) 查明；说明(书、乐曲等的基本内容) 4 Gram.  resolve (a sentence) into its grammatical elements 【语法】(句子的)语法成分分析 5  psychoanalyse 心理分析 □ analysable  adj.  □ analyser  n.   [obsolete analyse (n.) or French analyser (v.), from medieval Latin ANALYSIS]

analysis /əˈnælisis/ n. (pl. analyses /-si:z/)  1  a  a detailed examination of the elements or structure of a substance etc. (对物质等的成分或结构的)细致分析b  a statement of the result of this 分析，解析，分解 2  a Chem.  the determination of the constituent parts of a mixture or compound 【化】(混合物或复合物成分的)分析b  the act or process of breaking something down into its constituent parts (对构成成分的)分解 3  psychoanalysis 心理分析 4 Math.  the use of algebra and calculus in problem-solving 【数】(用代数或微积分进行的)解析 5 Cricket  a statement of the performance of a bowler, usu. giving the numbers of overs and maiden overs bowled, runs conceded, and wickets taken 【板球】(对击球结果的)报分 □ in the final (or last or ultimate) analysis   after all due consideration; in the end 总而言之，归根结底 [medieval Latin from Greek analusis (as ANA-, luō ‘set free’)]

analyst /ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  1  a person skilled in (esp. chemical) analysis 分析员，分析家(尤指化学)；化验员 2  a psychoanalyst 心理分析学家 [French analyste]

analytic /ænəˈlitik/ adj.  1  of or relating to analysis 分析的；分解的；解析的 2 Philol.  analytical 【语文】分析的 3 Logic (of a statement etc.) such that its denial is self-contradictory; true by definition (cf. 参见 SYNTHETIC adj. 3) 【逻辑学】(论断等)无法否定的；逻辑上必然的 [Late Latin, from Greek analutikos (as ANALYSIS)]

analytical /ænəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  1  using analytic methods 采用分析法的 2 Philol.  using separate words instead of inflections (cf. 参见 SYNTHETIC adj. 4) 【语文】分析型的；非屈折变化的 □ analytically  adv.  

analytical geometry n.  geometry using coordinates 解析几何

analyze US var.  of ANALYSE [美] ANALYSE 的变体

anamnesis /ænəmˈni:sis/ n. (pl. anamneses /-si:z/)  1  recollection (esp. of a supposed previous existence) (尤指对设想的前世生活的)回忆，回想 2  a patient's account of his or her medical history (患者所述的)既往病史，既往症 3 Eccl.  the part of the anaphora recalling the Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ 【教会】(令人想起耶稣受难、复活、升天历史的)圣餐礼仪 [Greek, = remembrance]

anamorphosis /ænəˈmɔ:fəsis/ n.  a distorted projection or drawing which appears normal when viewed from a particular point or in a suitable mirror (从某个特殊角度或在适当镜子中看来正常的)失真图像，变形影像；歪像 □ anamorphic  adj.   [Greek anamorphōsis ‘transformation’]

anandrous /əˈnændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having no stamens 【植】无雄蕊的 [Greek anandros ‘without males’ (as AN-1 + anēr andros ‘male’)]

anapaest /ˈænəpi:st, -pest/ n. (US [美] anapest) Prosody  a foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable 【诗体】抑抑杨格，短短长格 □ anapaestic  /-ˈpi:stik/ adj.   [Latin anapaestus from Greek anapaistos ‘reversed’ (because the reverse of a dactyl)]

anaphase /ˈænəfeiz/ n. Biol.  the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division when the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle 【生】(细胞分裂的)后期 [ANA- + PHASE]

anaphora /əˈnæf(ə)rə/ n.  1 Rhet.  the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses 【修】首词(或语)重复法 2 Gram.  the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition (e.g. do in I like it and so do they 如 I like it and so do they 中的 do) 【语法】(用另一词代替前面词语以避免重复的)指代法 3 Eccl.  the part of the Eucharist which contains the consecration, anamnesis, and Communion 【教会】感恩祭仪式(包括祝圣、回想和圣餐) □ anaphoric  /ænəˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek, = repetition (as ANA-, pherō ‘to bear’)]

anaphrodisiac /ənæfrəˈdiziæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to reduce sexual desire 抑制性欲的 ●n.  an anaphrodisiac drug 控制性欲药物

anaphylaxis /ænəfiˈlæksis/ n. Med.  an extreme, often life-threatening reaction to an antigen, e.g. to a bee sting, due to hypersensitivity following an earlier dose 【医】(常有生命危险的)过敏性反应 □ anaphylactic  adj.   [modern Latin from French anaphylaxie (as ANA- + Greek phulaxis ‘guarding’)]

anaptyxis /ænəpˈtiksis/ n. Phonet.  the insertion of a vowel between two consonants to aid pronunciation 【语音】(在两个辅音之间的)加元音(以助发音)  as in 例如 went thataway  走那条路 □ anaptyctic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek anaptuxis (as ANA-, ptussō ‘fold’)]

anarchism /ˈænəkiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that all government should be abolished 无政府主义 [French anarchisme (as ANARCHY)]

anarchist /ˈænəkist/ n. & adj. ●n.  an advocate of anarchism or of political disorder 无政府主义者 ●adj.  relating to anarchism or its advocates 无政府主义的 □ anarchistic  /-ˈkistik/ adj.   [French anarchiste (as ANARCHY)]

anarchy /ˈænəki/ n.  1  disorder, esp. political or social (尤指政治或社会的)混乱，无秩序 2  lack of government in a society 无政府(社会)，无政府状态 □ anarchic  /əˈnɑ:kik/ adj.  □ anarchical  /əˈnɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anarchically  /əˈnɑ:kik(ə)li/ adv.   [medieval Latin from Greek anarkhia (as AN-1, arkhē ‘rule’)]

anastigmat /əˈnæstiɡmæt/ n.  a lens or lens system made free from astigmatism by correction (经修正而消除像散的)消像散透镜 [German from anastigmatisch ANASTIGMATIC]

anastigmatic /ænəstiɡˈmætik/ adj. (of a lens) free from astigmatism (透镜等)消像散的 [AN-1 + ASTIGMATIC (see ASTIGMATISM)]

anastomose /əˈnæstəməʊz/ v. intr.  link by anastomosis 使吻合；并接，联结 [French anastomoser (as ANASTOMOSIS)]

anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsis/ n. (pl. anastomoses /-si:z/)  a cross-connection of arteries, branches, rivers, etc. (血管、叶脉、河流等的)并接，联结 [modern Latin from Greek, from anastomoō ‘provide with a mouth’ (as ANA-, stoma ‘mouth’)]

anastrophe /əˈnæstrəfi/ n. Rhet.  the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses 【修】词语倒置法 [Greek anastrophē ‘turning back’ (as ANA-, strephō ‘to turn’)]

anathema /əˈnæθəmə/ n. (pl. anathemas)  1  a detested thing or person 讨厌的人(或事物)  is anathema to me  令我讨厌 2  a  a curse of the Church, excommunicating a person or denouncing a doctrine 诅咒；革除教门b  a cursed thing or person 受诅咒的人(或事物)c  a strong curse 诅咒，咒骂；强烈谴责 [ecclesiastical Latin, = excommunicated person, excommunication, from Greek anathema ‘thing devoted’, (later) ‘accursed thing’, from anatithēmi ‘set up’]

anathematize /əˈnæθəmətaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  curse 诅咒 [French anathématiser via Latin anathematizare from Greek anathematizo (as ANATHEMA)]

anatomical /ænəˈtɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to anatomy 解剖的；解剖学上的 2  of or relating to bodily structure 生理构造的；结构上的 □ anatomically  adv.   [French anatomique or Late Latin anatomicus (as ANATOMY)]

anatomist /əˈnætəmist/ n.  a person skilled in anatomy 解剖学家 [French anatomiste or medieval Latin anatomista (as ANATOMIZE)]

anatomize /əˈnætəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  examine in detail 剖析，仔细分析 2  dissect 解剖，切开 [French anatomiser or medieval Latin anatomizare, from anatomia (as ANATOMY)]

anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the science of the bodily structure of animals and plants 解剖学 2  this structure 生理构造 3 colloq.  a human body [口]人体 4  analysis 剖析，分解 5  the dissection of the human body, animals, or plants (人、动物或植物的)解剖，切开 [French anatomie or Late Latin anatomia, from Greek (as ANA-, -TOMY)]

anatta (also 亦作 anatto) var.  of ANNATTO ANNATTO 的变体

ANC abbr.  African National Congress [缩略]非洲人国民大会

-ance /(ə)ns/ suffix forming nouns expressing 构成名词，表示 :  1  a quality or state or an instance of one (arrogance 傲慢 ; protuberance 隆起 ; relevance 相关性 ; resemblance 类似) 特征、状态或事例 2  an action (assistance 协助 ; furtherance 促进 ; penance 忏悔) 动作 [from or on the pattern of French -ance, from Latin -antia, -entia (cf. -ENCE), from pres. part. stem -ant-, -ent-]

ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n. (fem. ancestress /-stris/)  1  any (esp. remote) person from whom one is descended 祖先，祖宗 2  an early type of animal or plant from which others have evolved (动、植物的)始祖，原种 3  an early prototype or forerunner 早期形态或先驱  ancestor of the computer  早期的电脑 [Middle English via Old French ancestre from Latin antecessor -oris, from antecedere (as ANTE-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

ancestral /ænˈsestr(ə)l/ adj.  belonging to or inherited from one's ancestors 祖先的，先祖的 [French ancestrel (as ANCESTOR)]

ancestry /ˈænsestri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  one's (esp. remote) family descent 世系，家谱，血统 2  one's ancestors collectively 祖先(统称)，列祖列宗 [Middle English alteration of Old French ancesserie (as ANCESTOR)]

anchor /ˈæŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy metal weight used to moor a ship to the sea bottom or a hot-air balloon to the ground (泊船的)锚，铁锚；(使热气球固定在地面的)系缚物 2  a thing affording stability 锚定物，固定装置 3  a source of confidence 依托，心灵寄托 4  = ANCHORPERSON  ●v.  1 tr.  secure (a ship or hot-air balloon) by means of an anchor (船或热气球等)锚定；用锚固定 2 tr.  fix firmly 固定；使稳固 3 intr.  cast anchor 抛锚 4 intr.  be moored by means of an anchor 抛锚停泊 □ at anchor   moored by means of an anchor 抛锚停泊□ cast (or come to) anchor   let down the anchor 拋锚，下锚□ weigh anchor   take up the anchor 起锚；启航 [Old English ancor via Latin anchora from Greek agkura]

Anchorage /ˈæŋkəridʒ/ n.  安克雷奇 [美国港市]

anchorage /ˈæŋk(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  a place where a ship may be anchored (船的)拋锚停泊地点 2  the act of anchoring or lying at anchor 锚定；处于锚定状态 3  anything dependable 寄托；可靠归属；精神支柱

anchorite /ˈæŋkərait/ n. (also 亦作 anchoret /-rit/) (fem. anchoress /-ris/)  1  a hermit; a religious recluse (宗教的)隐者，隐士 2  a person of secluded habits 隐遁的人，避世的人 □ anchoretic  /-ˈretik/ adj.  □ anchoritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin anc(h)orita, ecclesiastical Latin anchoreta from ecclesiastical Greek anakhōrētēs, from anakhōreō ‘retire’]

anchorman /ˈæŋkəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. anchorwoman, pl. -women)  1  a person who coordinates activities, esp. as compère in a broadcast (协调各方面活动并进行综合评论的)节目主持人 2  a person who plays a crucial part, esp. at the back of a tug-of-war team or as the last runner in a relay race 起重要作用的人(尤指拔河比赛中的排尾压阵队员或接力赛的最后一棒队员)

anchorperson /ˈæŋkəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. anchorpersons or anchorpeople)  an anchorman or anchorwoman 男(或女)节目主持人 (used as a neutral alternative 用作中性的替代词)

anchor plate n.  a heavy piece of timber or metal, e.g. as support for suspension bridge cables (支撑吊桥绳索的)锚定板

anchoveta /æntʃəˈvetə/ n.  a small Pacific anchovy caught for use as bait or to make fishmeal 秘鲁鳀(一种产于太平洋的鳀科小鱼，用于制作诱饵或鱼粉) [Spanish, diminutive of anchova: cf. ANCHOVY]

anchovy /ˈæntʃəvi, ænˈtʃəʊvi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various small silvery fish of the herring family, usu. preserved in salt and oil and having a strong taste (鲱科)鳀，鳀鱼 [Spanish & Portuguese ancho(v)a, of uncertain origin]

anchovy pear n.  a W. Indian fruit like a mango 鳀梨(一种产于西印度的果品，类似芒果)

anchovy toast n.  toast spread with paste made from anchovies 鳀酱吐司面包

anchusa /əŋˈkju:zə, ænˈtʃu:zə/ n.  any plant of the genus Anchusa, akin to borage 牛舌草属植物 [Latin from Greek agkhousa]

anchylose var.  of ANKYLOSE  ANKYLOSE 的变体

anchylosis var.  of ANKYLOSIS  ANKYLOSIS 的变体

ancien régime /ˌɒnsiən reiˈʒi:m, 法 ɑ˜sjɛ˜ reʒim/ n. (pl. anciens régimes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  the political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789 (法国 1789 年革命之前的)旧政体，旧制度 2  any superseded regime (任何已过时的)旧政体，旧制度 [French, = old rule]

ancient1 /ˈeinʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of long ago 古代的，远古的 2  having lived or existed long 历史悠久的；古老的 ●n. archaic  an old man [古义]老人 □ the ancients   the people of ancient times, esp. the Greeks and Romans 古代人(尤指古希腊、罗马人)□ ancientness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French auncien from Old French ancien, ultimately from Latin ante ‘before’]

ancient2 /ˈeinʃ(ə)nt/ n. archaic [古义]  = ENSIGN 1, 2  [corruption of form ensyne etc. by association with ancien = ANCIENT1]

ancient history n.  1  the history of the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean area and the Near East before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 古代史(指公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡之前的地中海及近东地区的文明史) 2  something already long familiar (早已为人熟知的)旧闻

ancient lights n. pl. Brit.  a window that a neighbour may not deprive of light by erecting a building [英] (毗邻修建的建筑物不可以阻挡其光线的)老窗，古窗

anciently /ˈeinʃ(ə)ntli/ adv.  long ago 在古代；很久以前

ancient monument n. Brit.  an old building etc. preserved usu. under Government control [英] (通常由政府管理的)古建筑；古迹

ancient world n.  the region around the Mediterranean and the Near East before the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 古代世界(指公元 476 年罗马帝国灭亡之前的地中海及近东地区)

ancillary /ænˈsiləri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person, activity, or service) providing essential support to a central service or industry, esp. the medical service (人、活动或服务)辅助的；补充性的(尤指在医疗服务方面) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  subordinate, subservient 从属的，附属的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an ancillary worker 助手，副手 2  something which is ancillary; an auxiliary or accessory 附属物辅助物；附加物 [Latin ancillaris, from ancilla ‘maidservant’]

ancon /ˈæŋkɒn, -k(ə)n/ n. (pl. ancones /æŋˈkəʊni:z/) Archit. 【建】  1  a console, usu. of two volutes, supporting or appearing to support a cornice 肘托，悬臂托梁 2  each of a pair of projections on either side of a block of stone etc. for lifting or repositioning (石块等上的用于吊起或挪动的)凸出部分 [Latin, from Greek agkōn ‘elbow’]

-ancy /(ə)nsi/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a quality  constancy  坚定不移 relevancy  相关性 or state  expectancy  期望 infancy  幼年 (cf. 参见 -ANCE) 构成名词，表示性质或状态 [from or on the pattern of Latin -antia: cf. -ENCY]

and /ənd, (ə)n, ænd/ conj.  1  a  connecting words, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly 和，及；与；也(用于连接词、从句或句子)  cakes and buns  蛋糕和小面包 white and brown bread  白面包和黑面包 buy and sell  买和卖 two hundred and forty  240b  implying progression 表示进展  better and better  越来越好c  implying causation 表示因果  do that and I'll hit you  你要是敢那样我就揍你 she hit him and he cried  她打得他哭起来d  implying great duration 表示延续时间长  he cried and cried  他哭啊哭啊e  implying a great number 表示数量大  miles and miles  许多英里，漫漫长路f  implying addition 表示添加  two and two are four  2 加 2 等于 4g  implying variety 表示多样  there are books and books  有各种书籍h  implying succession 表示连续  walking two and two  两个两个地往前走 2 colloq.  to [口]相当于 to  try and open it  试着打开它 3  in relation to 与…相关  Britain and the EEC  英国与欧共体 □ and/ or   either or both of two stated possibilities (usually restricted to legal and commercial use) 和 / 或，两者都或其中之一(通常限用于法律或商业) [Old English]

-and /ænd/ suffix  forming nouns meaning ‘a person or thing to be treated in a specified way’ (analysand 接受神经分析的人 ; ordinand 候补续任神职的人) 构成名词，意为“被以某种方式对待的人(或物)” [Latin gerundive ending -andus]

Andalusian /ændəˈlu:zjən, -sjən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Andalusia in southern Spain, its inhabitants, or its language (西班牙南部)安达卢西亚人的；安达卢西亚语的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Andalusia 安达卢西亚人 2  the variety of Spanish spoken in Andalusia 安达卢西亚语(属西班牙语)

andante /ænˈdænti/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a moderately slow tempo 行板的(地)；缓慢的(地) ●n.  an andante passage or movement 缓慢行进或运动 [Italian, pres. part. of andare ‘go’]

andantino /ændænˈti:nəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  rather quicker (originally slower) than andante 小行板 ●n. (pl. -os)  an andantino passage or movement 稍快地行进或运动 [Italian, diminutive of ANDANTE]

Andean /ˈændiən/ adj.  of or relating to the region of the Andes, a high mountain range in western S. America (南美洲)安第斯山的；安第斯山地区的

Andean condor  see 见 CONDOR 1 

andesite /ˈændizait/ n.  a fine-grained brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock 安山岩(一种棕色或灰色的火山岩) [named after the Andes mountain chain in S. America (where it is found) + -ITE1]

andiron /ˈændaiən/ n.  a metal stand (usu. one of a pair) for supporting burning wood in a fireplace; a firedog (壁炉中用以支撑木柴的金属)柴架，薪架(通常指一对中的一个) [Middle English from Old French andier, of unknown origin: assimilated to IRON]

Andorra   安道尔

Andorrann /ænˈdɔ:rən/ adj. & n.  安道尔的(人)

Andrew /ˈændru:/   安德鲁 [人名]

androecium /ænˈdri:sjəm/ n. (pl. androecia /-siə/) Bot.  the stamens taken collectively 【植】雄蕊(群) [modern Latin, from Greek andro- ‘male’ + oikion ‘house’]

androgen /ˈændrədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any of a group of male sex hormones, esp. testosterone, involved in developing and maintaining certain male sexual characteristics 雄性激素(尤指睾酮)，雄性荷尔蒙 □ androgenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek andro- ‘male’ + -GEN]

androgyne /ˈændrədʒain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = ANDROGYNOUS  ●n.  an androgynous person 两性人，阴阳人 [Old French androgyne or Latin androgynus, from Greek androgunos (anēr andros ‘male’, gunē ‘woman’)]

androgynous /ænˈdrɒdʒinəs/ adj.  1  having a partly male, partly female appearance; of ambiguous gender 雌雄同体的；两性不分的 2 Bot.  with stamens and pistils in the same flower or inflorescence 【植】雌雄同花的 3  = HERMAPHRODITE  [as ANDROGYNE]

androgyny /ænˈdrɒdʒini/ n.  1  androgynous character 雌雄同体 2 Biol.  hermaphroditism 【生】雌雄同体性

android /ˈændrɔid/ n.  a robot with a human appearance 人形机器人 [Greek andro- ‘male, man’ + -OID]

-androus /ˈændrəs/ comb. form Bot.  forming adjectives meaning ‘having specified male organs or stamens’ (monandrous 单雄蕊的) [构词成分]【植】构成形容词，意为“具有某种雄性器官或雄蕊的” [modern Latin from Greek -andros, from anēr andros ‘male’ + -OUS]

Andy /ˈændi/   安迪 [人名]

-ane1 /ein/ suffix var.  of -AN; usu. with distinction of sense  germane  密切相关的 humane  仁慈的 urbane  彬彬有礼的 but sometimes with no corresponding form in -an  mundane  世俗的 -AN 的变体，通常具有不同意义；但有时没有 -an 的对应形式

-ane2 /ein/ suffix Chem.  forming names of saturated hydrocarbons (methane 甲烷 ; propane 丙烷) 【化】构成饱和炭化氢类物质名词 [on the pattern of -ene, -ine, etc.]

anecdotage /ˈænikdəʊtidʒ/ n.  1 joc.  garrulous old age [诙]老年多话期 2  anecdotes 轶事集，奇闻录 [ANECDOTE + -AGE: sense 1 DOTAGE]

anecdote /ˈænikdəʊt/ n.  a short account (or painting etc.) of an entertaining or interesting incident 轶事，趣闻，奇闻 □ anecdotal  /-ˈdəʊt(ə)l/ adj.  □ anecdotalist  /-ˈdəʊt(ə)list/ n.  □ anecdotic  /-ˈdɒtik/ adj.  □ anecdotist  n.   [French or modern Latin, from Greek anekdota ‘things unpublished’ (as AN-1, ekdotos from ekdidōmi ‘publish’)]

anechoic /æniˈkəʊik/ adj.  free from echo 无回声的，无反响的

anele /əˈni:l/ v. tr. archaic  anoint, esp. in extreme unction [古义] (尤指给临终的人)涂油 [Middle English from AN-2 + elien, from Old English ele ‘oil’ from Latin oleum]

anemia US var.  of ANAEMIA [美] ANAEMIA 的变体

anemic US var.  of ANAEMIC [美] ANAEMIC 的变体

anemograph /əˈneməɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording on paper the direction and force of the wind 风力风向记录仪 □ anemographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -GRAPH]

anemometer /æniˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring or indicating the force of the wind 风速计，风力计 [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -METER]

anemometry /æniˈmɒmitri/ n.  the measurement of the force of the wind 风力测定 □ anemometric  /-məˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -METRY]

anemone /əˈneməni/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Anemone, akin to the buttercup, with flowers of various vivid colours 银莲花，秋牡丹 2  = SEA ANEMONE  [Latin from Greek anemōnē ‘windflower’, from anemos ‘wind’]

anemophilous /æniˈmɒfiləs/ adj.  wind-pollinated 风媒(传粉)的 [Greek anemos ‘wind’ + -philous (see -PHILIA)]

anent /əˈnent/ prep. archaic or Sc. or N. Amer.  concerning [古义] [苏格兰] [北美]关于，涉及 [Old English on efen ‘in line with, in company with’]

-aneous /ˈeiniəs/ suffix  forming adjectives (cutaneous 皮肤的 ; miscellaneous 各种的) 构成形容词 [Latin -aneus + -OUS]

aneroid /ˈænərɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a barometer) that measures air pressure by its action on the elastic lid of an evacuated box (气压计)无液的；不利用液体的 ●n.  an aneroid barometer 膜盒气压计 [French anéroïde (as A-1 + Greek nēros ‘water’)]

anesthesia US var.  of ANAESTHESIA [美] ANAESTHESIA 的变体

aneurin /əˈnjʊərin, ˈænjʊrin/ n. (also 亦作 aneurine /-ri:n/)  = THIAMINE  [anti + polyneuritis + vitamin]

aneurysm /ˈænjʊriz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 aneurism)  an excessive localized enlargement of an artery 动脉瘤 □ aneurysmal  /-ˈrizm(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 aneurismal)   [Greek aneurusma from aneurunō ‘widen out’, from eurus ‘wide’]

anew /əˈnju:/ adv.  1  again 重新，再 2  in a different way 以不一样的方式，不同地 [Middle English, from A-4 + NEW]

anfractuosity /ənfræktjʊˈɒsiti/ n.  1  circuitousness 曲折，千回百折 2  intricacy 错综复杂 [French anfractuosité via Late Latin anfractuosus from Latin anfractus ‘a bending’]

angary /ˈæŋɡəri/ n. Law  the right of a belligerent (subject to compensation for loss) to seize or destroy neutral property under military necessity 【法律】非常征用权(指交战国在军事需要时强征或毁坏中立国财产留待以后赔偿的权利) [French angarie, via Italian or Latin angaria ‘forced service’ from Greek aggareia, from aggaros ‘courier’]

angel /ˈeindʒ(ə)l/ n.  1  a  an attendant or messenger of God 天使b  a conventional representation of this in human form with wings (具人形并有翅膀的)天使形象c  an attendant spirit (伴随人的)精灵  evil angel  邪恶精灵 guardian angel  守护神d  a member of the lowest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 第九级(最低一级)天使 2  a  a very virtuous person 品德高尚的人b  an obliging person 善人，乐意帮忙的人  be an angel and answer the door  当一回好人去开开门吧 3  a messenger or bringer of something 信使，使者  angel of death  报丧使者 angel of mercy  仁慈的使者 4  an old English coin bearing the figure of the archangel Michael piercing the dragon 天使图案硬币(带有大天使迈克尔剑刺巨龙图案的一种英国古钱币) 5 slang  a financial backer of an enterprise, esp. in the theatre [俚语]企业的资金支持者(尤指戏剧界) 6  an unexplained radar echo (雷达显示的)杂散反射，假目标 [Old English engel or Old French angele, via ecclesiastical Latin angelus from Greek aggelos ‘messenger’]

Angela /ˈændʒilə/   安杰拉 [人名]

angel cake n. (also 亦作 angel food cake)  a very light sponge cake of flour and egg whites and no fat (一种用鸡蛋清和面粉制成的不含脂肪非常疏松的)白蛋糕

angel dust n. slang  the hallucinogenic drug phencyclidine hydrochloride [俚语]“天使粉”(一种致幻毒品)

Angeleno /ændʒəˈli:nəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 Los Angeleno /lɒs/) (pl. -os) esp. US  a native or inhabitant of Los Angeles in California [尤美]洛杉矶人；洛杉矶居民 [American Spanish]

angelfish /ˈeindʒ(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various fish, esp. Pterophyllum scalare, with large dorsal and ventral fins (有很大背鳍和腹鳍的)扁鲨，天使鱼

angelic /ænˈdʒelik/ adj.  1  like or relating to angels 天使的；像天使的 2  having characteristics attributed to angels, esp. sublime beauty or innocence 天使一般(尤指美丽或纯洁)的 □ angelical  adj.  □ angelically  adv.   [Middle English via French angélique or Late Latin angelicus from Greek aggelikos (as ANGEL)]

angelica /ænˈdʒelikə/ n.  1  an aromatic umbelliferous plant, Angelica archangelica, used in cooking and medicine 当归属植物(有香味的伞形植物，用于烹调或入药) 2  its candied stalks 当归茎 [medieval Latin (herba) angelica ‘angelic (herb)’]

angel-shark n.  = MONKFISH 2 

angels-on-horseback n. Brit.  a savoury of oysters wrapped in slices of bacon [英]“马背天使”(一种熏肉卷牡蛎开胃食品)

angelus /ˈændʒ(ə)ləs/ n.  1  a Roman Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation, said at morning, noon, and sunset (罗马天主教的)祈祷(早上、中午、傍晚各一次) 2  a bell announcing this 祈祷钟 [from the opening words Angelus domini (Latin, = the angel of the Lord)]

anger /ˈæŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  extreme or passionate displeasure 愤怒，恼火 ●v. tr.  make angry; enrage 激怒；使发怒 [Middle English from Old Norse angr ‘grief’, angra ‘vex’]

Angevin /ˈændʒəvin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Anjou (法国)安茹人；安茹居民 2  a Plantagenet, esp. any of the English kings from Henry II to John 安茹王朝(即金雀花王朝，尤指英王亨利二世至约翰王期间) ●adj.  1  of Anjou 安茹的 2  of the Plantagenets 金雀花王朝的 [French]

Angie /ˈændʒi/   安吉 [人名]

angina /ænˈdʒainə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 angina pectoris /ˈpekt(ə)ris/)  pain in the chest brought on by exertion, owing to an inadequate blood supply to the heart (由于用力造成心脏供血不足引起)心绞痛 2  an attack of intense constricting pain, esp. in the throat, often causing suffocation 绞痛；(尤指常造成窒息的)咽喉绞痛 [Latin, = quinsy (the earliest use in English), from Greek agkhonē ‘strangling’ (+ Latin pectoris ‘of the chest’ in sense 1)]

angiogram /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a radiograph of blood and lymph vessels, made by introducing a substance opaque to X-rays 血管、淋巴管造影照片 □ angiography  n.   [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -GRAM]

angioma /ændʒiˈəʊmə/ n. (pl. angiomata /-mətə/)  an abnormal growth produced by the dilatation or new formation of blood vessels 血管瘤 [modern Latin, from Greek aggeion ‘vessel’]

angioplasty /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)plæsti/ n.  an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or to unblock a coronary artery 血管修复术；冠状动脉疏通手术 [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -PLASTY]

angiosperm /ˈændʒiə(ʊ)spɜ:m/ n.  a plant of the subdivision Angiospermae producing flowers and reproducing by seeds enclosed within a carpel, including herbaceous plants, herbs, shrubs, grasses, and most trees (opp. 反义 GYMNOSPERM) 被子植物 □ angiospermous  /ændʒiə(ʊ)ˈspɜ:məs/ adj.   [Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + sperma ‘seed’]

Angle /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a member of a tribe from Schleswig that settled in eastern Britain in the 5th c. 盎格鲁人(约公元 5 世纪定居在英国东部的施莱斯维格部落的人) □ Anglian  adj.   [Latin Anglus from Germanic (Old English Engle: cf. ENGLISH), from Angul a district of Schleswig (now in N. Germany) (as ANGLE2, so called from its shape)]

angle1 /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the space between two meeting lines or surfaces 角b  the inclination of two lines or surfaces to each other 角度 2  a  a corner 角落b  a sharp projection 尖锐凸出物，角 3  a  the direction from which a photograph etc. is taken (照片等的)拍摄角度b  the aspect from which a matter is considered (对某一问题的)观察角度，考虑角度 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move or place obliquely 斜向地移动；使成角度 2 tr.  present (information) from a particular point of view 从某一特定角度提出  was angled in favour of the victim  从有利于受害者的角度提出 [Middle English from Old French angle or from Latin angulus ‘corner’]

angle2 /ˈæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fish with hook and line 钓鱼，垂钓 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek an objective by devious or calculated means (转弯抹角地或以算计的手段)谋取，猎取  angled for a pay rise  拐弯抹角地请求加薪 ●n. archaic  a fish-hook [古义]钓鱼钩 [Old English angul]

angle brackets n. pl.  brackets in the form (see 见 BRACKET n. 3) 尖括号 

angled /ˈæŋɡ(ə)ld/ adj.  1  placed at an angle to something else 成一定角度放置的 2  presented to suit a particular point of view 以迎合某种观点而提出的 3  having an angle 有角度的

angle-iron n.  a piece of iron or steel with an L-shaped cross-section, used to strengthen a framework 角铁；角钢(截面成 L 形的铁条或钢条，用于加固框架等)

angle of attack n.  the angle between the chord of an aerofoil etc. and the direction of the surrounding undisturbed flow of air, water, etc. 攻角，迎角，冲角(指机翼等翼弦与空气、水面等气流方向之间的角度)

angle of incidence  see 见 INCIDENCE 

angle of reflection  see 见 REFLECTION 

angle of refraction  see 见 REFRACTION 

angle of repose n.  the steepest angle at which a sloping surface formed of loose material is stable 休止角，静止角(由松散物使构成的斜面处于稳定的最陡坡度)

anglepoise /ˈæŋɡ(ə)lpɔiz/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) propr.  a type of desk lamp with a sprung and jointed adjustable arm [商标] (一种带有弹簧性调节臂的)角度可调节台灯

angler /ˈæŋɡlə/ n.  1  a person who fishes with a hook and line 钓鱼的人，垂钓者 2  = ANGLER FISH 

angler fish n.  any of various fishes that prey upon small fish, attracting them by filaments arising from the dorsal fin Also called 亦称作 frogfish 琵琶鱼

Anglican /ˈæŋɡlik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Church of England or any Church in communion with it 英国国教的，英国圣公会的 ●n.  a member of an Anglican Church 英国国教徒，英国圣公会教徒 □ Anglicanism  n.   [medieval Latin Anglicanus (Magna Carta) from Anglicus (Bede) from Anglus ANGLE]

anglice /ˈæŋɡlisi/ adv.  in English 用英语方式，用英语说(写) [medieval Latin]

Anglicism /ˈæŋɡlisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a peculiarly English word or custom 英国习语；英国特有用词；英国习惯 2  Englishness 偏好英国事物的，英国风格，英国人作风 3  preference for what is English 亲英国；亲英语 [Latin Anglicus (see ANGLICAN) + -ISM]

Anglicize /ˈæŋɡlisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make English in form or character 使(形式或性质)英国化；使英语化

Anglist /ˈæŋɡlist/ n.  a student of or scholar in English language or literature 英国语言(或文学)的研究者(或学者) □ Anglistics  /-ˈɡlistiks/ n.   [German from Latin Anglus ‘English’]

Anglo /ˈænɡləʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Anglos)  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  a person of British or northern European origin, esp. (US) as distinct from a Hispanic American 祖籍英国或北欧的人；[尤美]非西班牙裔美国人b  an English-speaking person, esp. a white N. American who is not (US) of Hispanic descent or (Canad.) of French descent [美] (尤指非西班牙后裔的)操英语的北美白种人；[加] (尤指非法国后裔的)操英语的北美白种人 2 Brit.  a Scottish, Irish, or Welsh sports player who plays for an English club [英] (在英格兰俱乐部效力的)苏格兰、爱尔兰或威尔士运动员 ●adj.  of or relating to Anglos 英国人的；英格兰人的 [abbreviation of ANGLO-SAXON]

Anglo- /ˈæŋɡləʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  English (Anglo-Catholic 英国天主教徒) 英国的，英语的 2  of English origin (an Anglo-American 英裔美国人) 英国血统的 3  English or British and (an Anglo-American agreement 英美协定) 英格兰和…；英国和… [modern Latin from Latin Anglus ‘English’]

Anglo-Catholic /æŋɡləʊˈkæθ(ə)lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a High Church Anglican group which emphasizes its Catholic tradition 英国国教高教会派的(该派强调天主教传统) ●n.  a member of this group 英国国教高教会派教徒

Anglocentric /æŋɡləʊˈsentrik/ adj.  centred on or considered in terms of England 以英格兰为中心的；从英格兰角度考虑的

Anglo-French /æŋɡləʊˈfren(t)ʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  English (or British) and French 英国(或英格兰)和法国的，英法的 2  of Anglo-French 关于英法的 ●n.  the French language as retained and separately developed in England after the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以后在英国独立演化而成的)英国法语

Anglo-Indian /æŋɡləʊˈindiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to England and India 英国和印度的，英印之间的 2  a  of British descent or birth but living or having lived long in India 侨居印度的英国人后裔的b  of mixed British and Indian parentage 英印混血儿的 3 (of a word) adopted into English from an Indian language (英语单词)来自印度语的 ●n.  an Anglo-Indian person 英裔印度人，英印混血儿

Anglo-Irish /æŋɡləʊˈairiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Engish descent but born or resident in Ireland 英裔爱尔兰人的 2  of mixed English and Irish parentage 英格兰(英国)和爱尔兰混血的 3  of or belonging to both Britain and the Republic of Ireland 英国和爱尔兰的，英爱的 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  Anglo-Irish people 英裔爱尔兰人 2  the English language as used in Ireland 爱尔兰英语

Anglo-Latin /æŋɡləʊˈlætin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Latin as used in medieval England 中世纪在英国使用的拉丁语的 ●n.  this form of Latin (中世纪的)英国拉丁语

Anglomania /æŋɡləʊˈmeiniə/ n.  excessive admiration of English customs 英国狂(指对英国习俗的极端崇拜)

Anglo-Norman /æŋɡləʊˈnɔ:mən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  English and Norman 英国(人)和诺曼(人)的 2  of the Normans in England after the Norman Conquest (诺曼征服之后)移居英国的诺曼人的 3  = ANGLO-FRENCHadj. 2  ●n.  = ANGLO-FRENCHn. 

Anglophile /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who is fond of or greatly admires England or the English 迷恋英国的人，亲英派 ●adj.  being or characteristic of an Anglophile 亲英派的

Anglophobe /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊb/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who greatly hates or fears England or the English 痛恨(或害怕)英国(或英国人)的人；仇英者；恐英者 ●adj.  being or characteristic of an Anglophobe 仇英者的

Anglophobia /æŋɡlə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  intense hatred or fear of England or the English 仇英心理；恐英病

anglophone /ˈæŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  English-speaking 说英语的 ●n.  an English-speaking person 说英语的人 [ANGLO-, on the pattern of FRANCOPHONE]

Anglo-Saxon /æŋɡləʊˈsæks(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the English Saxons (as distinct from the Old Saxons of the Continent, and from the Angles) before the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以前的)英国撒克逊人的(用以区别来自大陆的旧撒克逊人和盎格鲁人) 2  of the Old English people as a whole before the Norman Conquest (诺曼人征服英国以前的)盎格鲁撒克逊人的 3  of English descent 英国血统的 ●n.  1  an Anglo-Saxon person 盎格鲁撒克逊人 2  the Old English language 古英语 3 colloq.  plain (esp. crude) English [口]简单的(尤指粗俗的)英语 4 US  the modern English language [美]现代英语 [modern Latin Anglo-Saxones, medieval Latin Angli Saxones, translating Old English Angulseaxe, -an]

Angola   安哥拉

Angolan /æŋˈgəulən/ adj. & n.  安哥拉的(人)

angora /æŋˈɡɔ:rə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a fabric made from the hair of the angora goat or rabbit 安哥拉羊毛(或兔毛)织物 2  a long-haired variety of cat, goat, or rabbit (长有长毛的)安哥拉猫(羊、兔) [Angora (the former name of Ankara in Turkey)]

angora wool n.  a mixture of sheep's wool and angora rabbit hair (羊毛和安哥拉兔毛混纺的)安哥拉混纺羊毛

angostura /æŋɡəˈstjʊərə/ n. (in full 全称 angostura bark)  an aromatic bitter bark used as a flavouring, and formerly used as a tonic and to reduce fever 安古斯图拉树皮(过去用作滋补或退烧药，现作调味品) [Angostura, a town in Venezuela on the Orinoco, now Ciudad Bolívar]

Angostura Bitters n. pl. propr.  a kind of tonic first made in Angostura [商标]安古斯图拉树皮制剂(一种滋补药剂)

angry /ˈæŋɡri/ adj. (angrier, angriest)  1  feeling or showing anger; extremely displeased or resentful 生气的，愤怒的 2 (of a wound, sore, etc.) inflamed, painful (伤口、疮等)发炎的；疼痛的 3  suggesting or seeming to show anger 狂暴的；似乎在发怒的  an angry sky  发怒的天空 □ angrily  adv.   [Middle English, from ANGER + -Y1]

angst /æŋst/ n.  1  anxiety 焦虑，担心 2  a feeling of guilt or remorse 内疚，懊悔 [German]

angstrom /ˈæŋstrəm/ n. (also 亦作 ångström /ˈɒŋstrɜ:m/)  a unit of length equal to 10-10 metre (symbol 符 Å) 埃(长度单位，等于 10-10 米) [named after A.J. Ångström, Swedish physicist d. 1874]

Anguilla /æŋˈgwilə/ n.  安圭拉岛 [位于西印度群岛]

Anguillan /æŋˈgwilən/ adj. & n.  安圭拉岛的(人)

anguine /ˈæŋɡwin/ adj.  of or resembling a snake 蛇的；似蛇的 [Latin anguinus from anguis ‘snake’]

anguish /ˈæŋɡwiʃ/ n.  severe mental or physical pain or suffering (身、心的)极度痛苦；苦闷 [Middle English via Old French anguisse ‘choking’ from Latin angustia ‘tightness’, from angustus ‘narrow’]

anguished /ˈæŋɡwiʃt/ adj.  suffering or expressing anguish 痛苦的，苦恼的 [past part. of anguish via Old French anguissier from ecclesiastical Latin angustiare ‘to distress’: see ANGUISH]

angular /ˈæŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  1  a  having angles or sharp corners 有角的，有尖的b (of a person) having sharp features; lean and bony (指人)棱角分明的；瘦骨嶙峋的c  awkward in manner 古怪的；生硬的 2  forming an angle 形成角度的 3  measured by angle 按角度衡量的  angular distance  角线距离 □ angularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ angularly  adv.   [Latin angularis from angulus ANGLE1]

angular momentum n.  the quantity of rotation of a body, the product of its moment of inertia and angular velocity 角动量，动量矩

angular velocity n.  the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body 角速度

Angus /ˈæŋgəs/   安格斯 [人名]

angwantibo /əŋˈɡwɒntibəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small rare primate, Arctocebus calabarensis of west central Africa, related to the potto 金熊猴(产于非洲中西部的一种稀有的小型灵长类动物) [Efik]

anhedral /ænˈhi:dr(ə)l, -ˈhed-/ n. & adj. Aeron. 【空】  ●n.  the angle between the wing of an aircraft and the horizontal when the wing is inclined downwards 下反角(机翼向下倾斜时与地平线的夹角) ●adj.  of or having an anhedral 下反角的 [AN-1 + -hedral (see -HEDRON)]

anhinga /ænˈhiŋɡə/ n. US  a darter, esp. Anhinga anhinga of America Also called 亦称作 snake bird [美]蛇鹈；(尤指)美国蛇鹈 [Portuguese, from Tupi ɑˊyinga]

anhydride /ænˈhaidraid/ n. Chem.  a compound obtained by removing the elements of water from another compound, esp. from an acid 【化】无水物，酐 [as ANHYDROUS + -IDE]

anhydrite /ænˈhaidrait/ n.  a naturally occurring usu. rock-forming anhydrous mineral form of calcium sulphate 硬石膏，无水石膏 [as ANHYDROUS + -ITE1]

anhydrous /ænˈhaidrəs/ adj. Chem.  without water, esp. water of crystallization 【化】无水的(尤指结晶水) [Greek anudros (as AN-1, hudōr ‘water’)]

ani /ˈɑ:ni/ n. (pl. anis)  any of various glossy black large-billed birds of the genus Crotophaga, of the cuckoo family, found in Central and S. America (犀鹃属)美洲黑杜鹃 [Spanish aní, Portuguese anum, from Tupi an]

aniline /ˈænili:n, -lin/ n.  a colourless oily liquid, used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and plastics Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H5NH2 苯胺 [German Anilin from Anil ‘indigo’ (from which it was originally obtained), ultimately from Arabic an-nīl]

aniline dye n.  a synthetic dye, esp. one made from aniline (尤指苯胺)合成染料

anima /ˈænimə/ n. Psychol. 【心】  1  the inner personality (opp. 反义 PERSONA 1) 内心；灵魂，灵气 2  Jung's term for the feminine part of a man's personality (opp. 反义 ANIMUS 4) (男性的)女性特征(心理学家荣格的术语) [Latin, = mind, soul]

animadvert /ˌænimədˈvɜ:t/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  criticize, censure (conduct, a fault, etc.) 批评；指责，谴责(行为、错误等) □ animadversion  n.   [Latin animadvertere from animus ‘mind’ + advertere (as AD-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

animal /ˈænim(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a living organism which feeds on organic matter, usu. with specialized sense organs and nervous system, and able to respond rapidly to stimuli 动物，禽兽，牲畜 2  a  such an organism other than a human (有别于人的)动物b  a quadruped 四足动物 3  a brutish or uncivilized person 残忍或野蛮的人 4 colloq.  a person or thing of any kind [口]人或其他任何东西  there is no such animal  天下无此类 ●adj.  1  characteristic of animals 具有动物特征的 2  of animals as distinct from plants (区别于植物的)动物的，野兽的  animal charcoal  兽炭 3  characteristic of the physical needs of animals; carnal, sensual 动物肉体需要的；性欲的；肉欲的 [Latin from animale, neut. of animalis ‘having breath’ from anima ‘breath’]

animalcule /æniˈmælkju:l/ n. archaic  a microscopic animal [古义]微动物 □ animalcular  adj.   [modern Latin animalculum (as ANIMAL, -CULE)]

animal husbandry n.  the science of breeding and caring for farm animals 畜牧学，畜牧业

animalism /ˈænim(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the nature and activity of animals 动物特性，兽性 2  the belief that humans are not superior to other animals 人即动物论 3  concern with physical matters; sensuality 兽欲；肉欲，淫欲

animality /æniˈmæliti/ n.  1  the animal world 动物界 2  the nature or behaviour of animals 动物性；动物行为 [French animalité from animal (adj.)]

animalize /ˈænim(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person) bestial; sensualize 使(人)兽性化；使沉溺于肉欲 2  convert to animal substance 使具有动物特征 □ animalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

animal liberation n.  the liberation of animals from exploitation by humans (从人的使役中)解放动物，动物解放(运动)

animal magnetism n.  1 hist.  mesmerism [史义]催眠力；使人沉迷的魅力 2  sexual attraction 性吸引力，肉欲吸引力

animal rights n. pl.  the natural right of animals to live free from human exploitation 动物(不受人类使役)的权利 often 常作 attrib.: animal rights activists  动物权利保护者

animal spirits n. pl.  natural exuberance (自然的)生气，生机勃勃

animate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈænimət/  1  having life 有生命的 2  lively 生气勃勃的，活泼的 ●v. tr. /ˈænimeit/  1  enliven, make lively 使有生气，使活泼 2  give life to 使有生命，给予生命 3  inspire, actuate; encourage 鼓励，激励，激发 4 (esp. as 尤作 animated adj.) Cinematog.  give (a film, cartoon figure, etc.) the appearance of movement using animation techniques 【电影】(使用动画等技术)赋予(影片、卡通人、物等)以生命，使栩栩如生；把…摄制成动画片 [Latin animatus, past part. of animare ‘give life to’, from anima ‘life, soul’]

animated /ˈænimeitid/ adj.  1  lively, vigorous 活泼的，生机勃勃的 2  having life 有生命的，活动的 □ animatedly  adv.  

animateur /ænimæˈtɜ:/ n.  a person who enlivens or encourages something, esp. a promoter of artistic projects (尤指艺术项目的)发起人，倡导者 [French]

animation /æniˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  vivacity, ardour 活泼，生气 2  the state of being alive 有生命，活着(的状态) 3 Cinematog.  the technique of filming successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence 【电影】动画制作技术；动画片

animator /ˈænimeitə/ n.  1  an artist who prepares animated films, esp. cartoons 动画片(尤指卡通片)制作者 2  a person who animates something, esp. who facilitates a discussion 起活跃作用的人(尤指推进讨论的人)

animatronics /ˌæniməˈtrɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the technique of making and operating lifelike robots 动物机器人制造与操作技术 □ animatronic  adj.   [portmanteau word from ANIMATED + ELECTRONICS]

animism /ˈænimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the attribution of a living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena (赋予植物、无生命物及自然现象的)灵魂，灵气 2  the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe 万物有灵论 □ animist  n.  □ animistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.   [Latin anima ‘life, soul’ + -ISM]

animosity /æniˈmɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a spirit or feeling of strong hostility 仇恨，敌意 [Middle English from Old French animosité or Late Latin animositas, from animosus ‘spirited’, formed as ANIMUS]

animus /ˈæniməs/ n.  1  a display of animosity 敌对行为，敌对态度 2  ill feeling 恶意，敌意 3  a motivating spirit or feeling 意图，企图 4 Psychol.  Jung's term for the masculine part of a woman's personality (opp. 反义 ANIMA 2) 【心】(女性性格中的)男性特征(心理学家荣格的术语) [Latin, = spirit, mind]

animé /ˈænimei/ n.  any of various resins, esp. a W. Indian resin used in making varnish 硬树脂，芳香树脂(尤指产于西印度用于涂料的一种树脂) [French, from Tupi wana'ni]

anion /ˈænaiən/ n. Chem.  a negatively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the anode in electrolysis (opp. 反义 CATION) 【化】带负电荷的离子，阴离子 [ANA- + ION]

anionic /ænaiˈɒnik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1  of an anion or anions 阴离子的 2  having an active anion 具有活性阴离子的

anise /ˈænis/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Pimpinella anisum, having aromatic seeds (see 见 ANISEED) 茴芹，大茴香 [Middle English via Old French anis and Latin from Greek anison ‘anise, dill’]

aniseed /ˈænisi:d/ n.  the seed of the anise, used to flavour liqueurs and sweets 洋茴香(茴芹种子)，八角 [Middle English from ANISE + SEED]

anisette /æniˈzet/ n.  a liqueur flavoured with aniseed 茴香酒 [French, diminutive of anis ANISE]

anisotropic /ˌænaisəˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒp-/ adj.  having physical properties that are different in different directions, e.g. the strength of wood along the grain differing from that across the grain (opp. 反义 ISOTROPIC) 各向异性的(尤指木质的纹理纵向强度不同于横向强度) □ anisotropy  /-ˈsɒtrəpi/ n.   [AN-1 + ISOTROPIC]

Anita /əˈni:tə/   阿妮塔 [人名]

Ankara /ˈæŋkərə/ n.  安卡拉 [土耳其首都]

ankh /æŋk/ n.  a device consisting of a looped bar with a shorter crossbar, used in ancient Egypt as a symbol of life (古埃及作为生命象征的)带有环状短柄的十字形物 [Egyptian, = life, soul]

ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the joint connecting the foot with the leg 踝，脚踝 2  the part of the leg between this and the calf 踝关节 ●v. intr.  1 slang  walk [俚语]走路，行走 2  flex the ankles while cycling to increase pedalling efficiency 活动着踝关节骑自行车(以增进蹬踏力) [Old English and Old Norse, from Germanic: related to ANGLE1]

ankle-biter n. N. Amer. & Austral. slang  a child [北美澳] [俚语]小孩

ankle-bone n.  a bone forming the ankle 踝骨，距骨

ankle sock n.  a short sock just covering the ankle 仅到脚踝部的短袜

anklet /ˈæŋklit/ n.  1  an ornament or fetter worn round the ankle 脚镯；脚镣 2 esp. US [尤美]  = ANKLE SOCK  [ANKLE + -LET, on the pattern of BRACELET]

ankylosaur /ˈæŋkiləsɔ:/ n.  a member of the suborder Ankylosauria of heavily armoured quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs 甲龙(一种披甲四足食草恐龙) [modern Latin Ankylosaurus genus name, from Greek agkulōsis ANKYLOSIS + sauros ‘lizard’]

ankylose /ˈæŋkiləʊz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 anchylose) (of bones or a joint) stiffen or unite by ankylosis (关节)变僵硬；(骨头)连结，长合 [back-formation from ANKYLOSIS, on the pattern of anastomose etc.]

ankylosis /æŋkiˈləʊsis/ n. (also 亦作 anchylosis)  1  the abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint by fusion of the bones (由于骨头长合而使关节)僵硬 2  such fusion (骨头)融合，长合 □ ankylotic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek agkulōsis, from agkuloō ‘crook’]

Ann /æn/   安 [人名]

Anna /ˈænə/   安娜 [人名]

anna /ˈænə/ n.  a former monetary unit of India and Pakistan, one-sixteenth of a rupee 安那(印度及巴基斯坦旧货币单位，等于 1/16 卢比) [Hindustani ɑˉnɑˉ]

Annabel /ˈænəbel/   安纳贝尔 [人名]

Annabelle /ˈænəbel/   安纳贝尔 [人名]

annal /ˈæn(ə)l/ n.  1  the annals of one year 年鉴，年报 2  a record of one item in a chronicle 编年史中的专项 [back-formation from ANNALS]

annalist /ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  a writer of annals 编年史作者，纪年表编者 □ annalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ annalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

annals /ˈæn(ə)lz/ n. pl.  1  a narrative of events year by year 年鉴，纪年表 2  historical records 历史记录，编年史 [French annales or Latin annales (libri) ‘yearly (books)’, from annus ‘year’]

annates /ˈæneits/ n. pl. RC Ch.  the first year's revenue of a see or benefice, paid to the Pope 【天主教】任圣职第一年的收入(须献给教皇) [French annate from medieval Latin annata ‘year's proceeds’, from annus ‘year’]

annatto /əˈnætəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 anatta /-tə/, anatto)  an orange-red dye from the pulp of a tropical fruit, used for colouring foods 胭脂树橙，胭脂树红(从一种热带水果中提取的橙红色浆液，用于食物着色) [Carib name of the fruit tree]

Anne /æn/   安 [人名]

anneal /əˈni:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, esp. to toughen it 给(金属或玻璃)退火 , (尤指)使之硬化 2 tr.  toughen 使变韧；使坚强 3 Biochem. 【生化】  a tr.  recombine (DNA) in the double-stranded form 将 (DNA) 重组成双链结构，使(核酸)结合b intr.  undergo this process 进行核酸结合，进行退火处理 ●n.  treatment by annealing 冷却处理，退火处理 □ annealer  n.   [Old English onlan, from on + lan ‘burn, bake’ from ɑˉl ‘fire’]

annelid /ˈæn(ə)lid/ n.  a segmented worm of the phylum Annelida, which includes earthworms, lugworms, etc. 环节动物(包括蚯蚓、沙蠋等) [French annélide or modern Latin annelida (pl.), from French annelés ‘ringed animals’ via Old French anel ‘ring’ from Latin anellus, diminutive of anulus ‘ring’]

annelidan /əˈnelid(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the annelids 环节动物的 ●n.  an annelid 环节动物

Annette /əˈnet/   安妮特 [人名]

annex v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈneks/  1  a  add as a subordinate part 附加，添加附属物b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  append to a book etc. (为书等)添加附录 2  incorporate (territory of another) into one's own 并吞(他人领地) 3  add as a condition or consequence 附带(作为一项条件或后果) 4 colloq.  take without right [口]非分取得，强行占有 ●n. /ˈæneks/  = ANNEXE  □ annexation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French annexer from Latin annectere (as AN-2, nectere nex- ‘bind’)]

annexe /ˈæneks/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a separate or added building, esp. for extra accommodation (尤指作为额外容纳空间的)附属建筑物 2  an addition to a document (文件的)附加部分，附件，附录 [French annexe from Latin annexum, past part. of annectere ‘bind’: see ANNEX]

Annie /ˈæni/   安妮 [人名]

annihilate /əˈnaiileit/ v. tr.  1  completely destroy 消灭，歼灭 2  defeat utterly; make insignificant or powerless 彻底打败；摧毁 □ annihilator  n.   [Late Latin annihilare (as AN-2, nihil ‘nothing’)]

annihilation /ənaiiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of annihilating 歼灭，灭绝 2 Physics  the conversion of a particle and an antiparticle into radiation 【物理学】(粒子与反粒子的)湮灭，湮没 [French annihilation or Late Latin annihilatio (as ANNIHILATE)]

anniversary /æniˈvɜ:s(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the date on which an event took place in a previous year 周年；周年纪念日 2  the celebration of this 周年纪念 [Middle English from Latin anniversarius, from annus ‘year’ + versus ‘turned’]

Anno Domini /ˌænəʊ ˈdɒminai/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in the year of our Lord, in the year of the Christian era 耶稣纪元，公元 ●n. colloq.  advancing age [口]趋于衰老的年龄  suffering from Anno Domini  受衰老之苦 [Latin, = in the year of the Lord]

annotate /ˈænəteit/ v. tr.  add explanatory notes to (a book, document, etc.) 给(书、文件等)作注解，加注 □ annotatable  adj.  □ annotation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ annotative  adj.  □ annotator  n.   [Latin annotare (as AD-, nota ‘mark’)]

announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  make publicly known 公布，通告，通知 2  make known the arrival or imminence of (a guest, dinner, etc.) 告知(客人到来、就餐时间等) 3  make known (without words) to the senses or the mind; be a sign of 预示，预告；作为…的迹象 □ announcement  n.   [Middle English via Old French annoncer from Latin annuntiare (as AD-, nuntius ‘messenger’)]

announcer /əˈnaʊnsə/ n.  a person who announces, esp. introducing programmes in broadcasting 宣告者(尤指广播节目报告员)

annoy /əˈnɔi/ v. tr.  1  cause slight anger or mental distress to 使烦恼，使不快 2 (in passive 用被动)  be somewhat angry 反感，恼火  am annoyed with you  我对你很恼火 was annoyed at my remarks  对我的话很恼火 3  molest; harass repeatedly 打扰，困扰；骚扰 □ annoyance  n.  □ annoyer  n.   [Middle English from Old French anuier, anui, anoi, etc., ultimately from Latin in odio ‘hateful’]

annual /ˈænjʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  reckoned by the year 每年的，年度的 2  occurring every year 一年一次的 3  living or lasting for one year 一年间进行的，持续一年的 ●n.  1  a book etc. published once a year; a yearbook 年刊；年报；年鉴 2  a plant that lives only for a year or less 一年(以下)生植物 □ annually  adv.   [Middle English via Old French annuel and Late Latin annualis from Latin annalis, from annus ‘year’]

annual general meeting n. Brit.  a yearly meeting of members or shareholders, esp. for holding elections and reporting on the year's events [英] (会员或股东的)年度大会(尤指为了选举和报告一年来发生的大事)

annualized /ˈænjʊəlaizd/ adj. (of rates of interest, inflation, etc.) calculated on an annual basis, as a projection from figures obtained for a shorter period (利息率、通货膨胀率等从一个较短时期数字推算的)按年度计算的

annual ring n.  a ring in the cross-section of a plant, esp. a tree, produced by one year's growth (植物、尤指树木的)年轮

annuitant /əˈnju:it(ə)nt/ n.  a person who holds or receives an annuity 接受年金的人，领取年金的人 [ANNUITY + -ANT, by assimilation to accountant etc.]

annuity /əˈnju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a yearly grant or allowance 年金 2  an investment of money entitling the investor to a series of equal annual sums over a stated period (使投资者在若干年内每年收取等额的)年金 3  a sum payable in respect of a particular year (某一年的)年金支付数额 [Middle English via French annuité and medieval Latin annuitas -tatis from Latin annuus ‘yearly’ (as ANNUAL)]

annul /əˈnʌl/ v. tr. (annulled, annulling)  1  declare (a marriage etc.) invalid 宣告(婚姻等)无效 2  cancel, abolish 废除，取消 □ annulment  n.   [Middle English via Old French anuller from Late Latin annullare (as AD-, nullus ‘none’)]

annular /ˈænjʊlə/ adj.  ring-shaped; forming a ring 环形的，呈环状的 □ annularly  adv.   [French annulaire or Latin annularis, from an(n)ulus ‘ring’]

annular eclipse n.  an eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring around the moon 日环食

annulate /ˈænjʊlət/ adj.  having rings; marked with or formed of rings 有环(纹)的；由环标示(或构成)的 □ annulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin annulatus (as ANNULUS)]

annulet /ˈænjʊlit/ n.  1 Archit.  a small fillet or band encircling a column 【建】(环绕柱子的)小环带，圆箍线 2  a small ring 小环，小圈 [Latin annulus ‘ring’ + -ET1]

annulus /ˈænjʊləs/ n. (pl. annuli /-lai, -li:/) esp. Math. & Biol.  a ring 【数】【生】环；环状物 [Latin an(n)ulus]

annunciate /əˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  1  proclaim 宣告，宣布 2  indicate as coming or ready 表明即将到来(或就绪) [Late Latin annunciare from Latin annuntiare annuntiat- ‘announce’]

annunciation /ənʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (作 Annunciation)  a  the announcing of the Incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to Mary, related in Luke 1:26 － 38 (天使加百列向圣母马利亚)报有喜(语出《路加福音》 1:26 － 38)b  the festival commemorating this (Lady Day) on 25 March 圣母领报节 (3 月 25 日) 2  a  the act or process of announcing 宣布，宣告b  an announcement 公告，通告 [Middle English via Old French annonciation from Late Latin annuntiatio -onis (as ANNUNCIATE)]

annunciator /əˈnʌnsieitə/ n.  1  a device giving an audible or visible indication of which of several electrical circuits has been activated, of the position of a train, etc. (发出视听信号，告知电路是否开启，火车位置等的)信号器 2  an announcer 宣告者，通报者 [Late Latin annuntiator (as ANNUNCIATE)]

annus horribilis /ˌænəs hɒˈri:bilis/ n.  a horrible year 可怕之年，糟糕之年 [modern Latin]

annus mirabilis /ˌænəs miˈrɑ:bilis/ n.  a remarkable or auspicious year 奇异之年；吉祥之年 [modern Latin, = wonderful year]

anoa /əˈnəʊə/ n.  any of several small deerlike water buffalo of the genus Bubalus, native to Sulawesi (产于苏拉威形似鹿的)倭水牛，小野牛 [its name in Sulawesi]

anode n. /ˈænəʊd/ Electr. 【电】  1  the negative terminal of an electrical device (opp. 反义 CATHODE) (电路的)阳极 2  the terminal or electrode by which electric current enters a device 电流的流入极 □ anodal  /əˈnəʊd(ə)l/ adj.  □ anodic  /əˈnɒdik/ adj.   [Greek anodos ‘way up’, from ana ‘up’ + hodos ‘way’]

anodize /ˈænədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat (a metal, esp. aluminium) with a protective oxide layer by electrolysis 对(金属、尤指铝)作阳极氧化处理 □ anodizer  n.   [ANODE + -IZE]

anodyne /ˈænədain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to relieve pain 可止痛的 2  mentally soothing 使人宽心的，宽慰的 ●n.  an anodyne drug or medicine 止痛药，镇痛剂 [Latin anodynus from Greek anōdunos ‘painless’ (as AN-1, odunē ‘pain’)]

anoesis /ænəʊˈi:sis/ n. Psychol.  consciousness with sensation but without thought 【心】无思维的纯感觉状态 □ anoetic  /-ˈetik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek noēsis ‘understanding’]

anoint /əˈnɔint/ v. tr.  1  apply oil or ointment to, esp. as a religious ceremony (e.g. at baptism, or the consecration of a priest or king, or in ministering to the sick) (尤指在施洗、授予圣职或王位、治疗病人等)涂油或软膏于 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  smear, rub 涂敷；揉擦 □ Anointing of the Sick  esp. RC Ch.  the sacramental anointing of the ill or infirm with blessed oil; unction (尤)【天主教】给病人(或年迈体弱的人)涂圣油，涂油膏□ anointer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French anoint (adj.) from Old French enoint, past part. of enoindre, from Latin inungere (as IN-2, ungere unct- ‘smear with oil’)]

anole /əˈnəʊli/ n.  a lizard of the American genus Anolis, esp. the green A. carolinensis 变色龙，变色蜥 [Carib]

anomalistic /ənɒməˈlistik/ adj. Astron.  of or relating to the anomaly of a planet etc. 【天】(星球等)近点的

anomalistic month n.  a month measured between successive perigees of the moon (按月亮近地点算出的)近点月

anomalistic year n.  a year measured between successive perihelia of the earth (按地球近日点算出的)近点年

anomalous /əˈnɒm(ə)ləs/ adj.  having an irregular or deviant feature; abnormal 不规则的；反常的 □ anomalously  adv.  □ anomalousness  n.   [Late Latin anomalus from Greek anōmalos (as AN-1, homalos ‘even’)]

anomalure /əˈnɒməljʊə/ n.  any of the squirrel-like rodents of the family Anomaluridae, having tails with rough overlapping scales on the underside 鳞尾松鼠 [modern Latin anomalurus, from Greek anōmalos ANOMALOUS + oura ‘tail’]

anomaly /əˈnɒm(ə)li/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an anomalous circumstance or thing; an irregularity 异常情况，反常事物；不规则，不按常规 2  irregularity of motion, behaviour, etc. (运动、行为等)异常，反常 3 Astron.  the angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee 【天】(星球或卫星距其最后一次近日点或近地点的)角距 [Latin from Greek anōmalia, from anōmalos ANOMALOUS]

anomie /ˈænəmi/ n. (also 亦作 anomy)  lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group (个人或群体丧失通常的社会或伦理标准的)反常状态，混乱 □ anomic  /əˈnɒmik/ adj.   [Greek anomia from anomos ‘lawless’: -ie from French]

anon /əˈnɒn/ adv. archaic or literary  soon, shortly [古义] [文学用语]不久；不久以后  will say more of this anon  以后再说此事 [originally = in or into one state, course, etc., later = at once: Old English on ɑˉn ‘into one’, on ɑˉne ‘in one’]

anon. /əˈnɒn/ abbr.  anonymous; an anonymous author [缩略]匿名的；佚名作者

anonym /ˈænənim/ n.  1  an anonymous person or publication 无名氏，匿名者；作者不明的出版物 2  a pseudonym 假名；笔名 [French anonyme from Greek anōnumos: see ANONYMOUS]

anonymous /əˈnɒniməs/ adj.  1  of unknown name 匿名的；姓氏不明的 2  of unknown or undeclared source or authorship 来源不明的；作者不详的 3  without character; featureless, impersonal 没有特点的，无特色的；非个人的 □ anonymity  /ænəˈnimiti/ n.  □ anonymously  adv.   [Late Latin anonymus from Greek anōnumos ‘nameless’ (as AN-1, onoma ‘name’)]

anopheles /əˈnɒfili:z/ n.  a mosquito of the genus Anopheles, which includes many that are carriers of the malarial parasite (传布疟疾寄生虫的)按蚊 [modern Latin from Greek anōphelēs ‘unprofitable’]

anorak /ˈænəræk/ n.  1  a waterproof jacket of cloth or plastic, usu. with a hood, of a kind originally used in polar regions (通常指源自极地地区的带兜帽的防水)御寒外套 2 colloq. derog.  a boring, studious, or socially inept person with unfashionable and solitary interests [口] [贬]不善交际、无聊或怪异的人 [Greenland Eskimo anoraq]

anorexia /ænəˈreksiə/ n.  1  a lack or loss of appetite for food 无食欲，食欲减退 2 (in full 全称 anorexia nervosa /nɜ:ˈvəʊsə/)  a psychological illness, esp. in young women, characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat (尤指年轻妇女因过度渴望减肥而拒绝进食的)厌食症 [Late Latin from Greek (as AN-1 + orexis ‘appetite’)]

anorexic /ænəˈreksik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 anorectic /-ˈrektik/) ●adj.  1  involving, producing, or characterized by a lack of appetite, esp. in anorexia nervosa 厌食的，食欲不振的(尤指神经性食欲缺乏) 2 colloq.  extremely thin [口]特别瘦的 ●n.  1  an anorexic agent 减肥药 2  a person with anorexia 厌食的人 [French anoréxique: anorectic from Greek anorektos ‘without appetite’ (as ANOREXIA)]

anorthosite /əˈnɔ:θəsait/ n. Geol.  a granular igneous rock composed largely of plagioclase 【地质】斜长岩，钙长石 [French anorthose ‘plagioclase’ + -ITE1]

anosmia /æˈnɒzmiə/ n.  the loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失，嗅觉缺失 □ anosmic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek (as AN-2 + osmē ‘smell’)]

another /əˈnʌðə/ det. & pron. ●det.  1  an additional; one more 另外，另一个  have another cake  再来一块点心 after another six months  又过了 6 个月 2  a person like or comparable to 像…的人；可与…相比的人  another Callas  又一个卡拉斯 [生于美国的希腊女高音歌唱家] 3  a different 不同的，另类的  quite another matter  完全另外一回事 4  some or any other (另外的)某一，任一  will not do another man's work  不愿干别人的工作 ●pron.  1  an additional one 另一个，又一个  have another  还有一个 2  a different one 不同的另一个  take this book away and bring me another  拿走这本书再换一本来 3  some or any other one (另外的)某一个，任意一个  I love another  我想再要一个 4 Brit.  an unnamed additional party to a legal action [英] (法律诉讼中不指名的)另一方  X versus Y and another  甲方诉乙方和另一方 5 (usu. 通常作 A. N. Other /ei en ˈʌðə/) Brit.  a player unnamed or not yet selected [英]未指名(或尚未选定的)运动员 □ such another   another of the same sort 另一个这样的 [Middle English from AN + OTHER]

another place n. Brit.  the other House of Parliament (used in the Commons to refer to the Lords, and vice versa) [英]另一院(下议院用于指上议院，上议院用于指下议院)

ANOVA /ˈænəvɑ:/ n.  analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components 方差分析(一种统计学分析方法) [acronym]

anovulant /æˈnɒvjʊlənt/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  a drug preventing ovulation 抑制排卵药 ●adj.  preventing ovulation 抑制排卵的 [AN-1 + ovulation (see OVULATE) + -ANT]

anoxia /æˈnɒksiə/ n. Med.  an absence or deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues; severe hypoxia 【医】缺氧症；严重缺氧 □ anoxic  adj.   [AN-1 + OXYGEN + -IA1]

anschluss /ˈænʃlʊs/ n.  a unification, esp. (作 Anschluss) the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938 合并(大写尤指 1938 年德国对奥地利的吞并) [German from anschliessen ‘join’]

anserine /ˈænsərain/ adj.  1  of or like a goose 鹅的；像鹅的 2  silly 呆笨的，愚蠢的 [Latin anserinus, from anser ‘goose’]

ANSI abbr.  American National Standards Institute [缩略]美国国家标准协会

answer /ˈɑ:nsə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something said or done to deal with or in reaction to a question, statement, or circumstance 回答，应答 2  the solution to a problem (对某一问题的)答案，解决方案 ●v.  1 tr.  make an answer to 回答，答复  answer me  回答我 answer my question  回答我的问题 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make an answer 作答，回复 3 tr.  respond to the summons or signal of (对召唤或信号的)反应，回应  answer the door  应门 answer the telephone  接电话 4 tr.  be satisfactory for (a purpose or need) 适合(某种目的或需要)；满意 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, to)  be responsible 负责  you will answer to me for your conduct  你的行为要对我负责 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  correspond, esp. to a description 一致，符合(尤指说明等) 7 intr.  be satisfactory or successful 满意，有结果 □ answer back   answer a rebuke etc. impudently 回敬；回嘴，顶嘴□ answer to the name of   be called 叫作，名叫 [Old English andswaru, andswarian from Germanic, = swear against (charge)]

answerable /ˈɑ:ns(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  responsible 负责的，有责任的  answerable to them for any accident  对他们的任何事故负有责任 2  that can be answered 可回答的

answering machine n.  a tape recorder which supplies a recorded answer to a telephone call 电话录音回复机

answering service n.  a business that receives and answers telephone calls for its clients 接听回复电话服务

answerphone /ˈɑ:nsəfəʊn/ n. Brit.  a telephone answering machine [英]录音电话回复机

ant /ænt/ n. & v. ●n.  any small insect of the widely distributed hymenopterous family Formicidae, living in complex social colonies, wingless (except for adults at the time of mating), and proverbial for industry 蚁，蚂蚁 ●v. intr. & refl. (usu. as 通常作 anting n.) (of a bird) place or rub ants on the feathers to repel parasites (鸟类)将蚂蚁放在羽毛中摩擦以消灭寄生虫 □ have ants in one's pants  colloq.  be fidgety or restless [口]烦燥，坐立不安 [Old English met(t)e, ēmete (see EMMET), from West Germanic]

ant- /ænt/  assim. form of ANTI- before a vowel or h (Antarctic 南极) (用于元音或 h 前)ANTI- 的同化形式

-ant /(ə)nt/ suffix  1  forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action  pendant  下垂的 repentant  后悔的 or state  arrogant  傲慢的 expectant  预期的 构成形容词，表示动作的属性；或表示状态 2  forming nouns denoting an agent (assistant 助手 ; celebrant 司仪神甫 ; deodorant 防臭剂) 构成施主名词 [French -ant or Latin -ant-, -ent-, pres. part. stem of verbs: cf. -ENT]

antacid /æntˈæsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance that prevents or corrects acidity esp. in the stomach (尤指在胃中的)解酸剂；防酸剂；抗酸剂 ●adj.  having these properties 解酸的；防酸的；抗酸的

antagonism /ænˈtæɡ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  active opposition or hostility 对抗；敌对，敌意 [French antagonisme (as ANTAGONIST)]

antagonist /ænˈtæɡ(ə)nist/ n.  1  an opponent or adversary 对手；敌手 2 Biol.  a substance or organ that partially or completely opposes the action of another 【生】拮抗物，对抗剂(与另一物质或器官的作用部分或完全对立的物质或器官) □ antagonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ antagonistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French antagoniste or Late Latin antagonista, from Greek antagōnistēs (as ANTAGONIZE)]

antagonize /ænˈtæɡ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  evoke hostility or opposition or enmity in 激起敌意；引起对抗情绪 2 (of one force etc.) counteract or tend to neutralize (another) 对…起反作用；抵消，中和 □ antagonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek antagōnizomai (as ANTI-, agōnizomai from agōn ‘contest’)]

Antananarivo n.  塔那那利佛 [马达加斯加首都]

Antarctic /ænˈtɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the south polar regions 南极的，南极地区的 ●n.  these regions 南极，南极地区 [Middle English via Old French antartique or Latin antarcticus from Greek antarktikos (as ANTI-, arktikos ARCTIC)]

Antarctica /æntˈɑ:ktikə/ n.  南极洲

Antarctic Circle n.  the parallel of latitude 66°33 ′ S., forming an imaginary line round the Antarctic regions 南极圈 (66°33 ′南纬度线)

Antarctic Ocean n.  = SOUTHERN OCEAN 

ant-bear n.  = AARDVARK 

ante /ˈænti/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stake put up by a player in poker etc. before receiving cards (扑克等在发牌之前所下的)赌注 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 up the ante)  an amount to be paid in advance; a stake 需预先付出的款项；应摊的份子；赌注 ●v. tr. (antes, anted)  1  put up as an ante 下赌注 2  a  bet, stake 打赌b (foll. by 后跟 up)  pay 支付，付款 [Latin, = before]

ante- /ˈænti/ prefix  forming nouns and adjectives meaning ‘before, preceding’ (ante-room 前厅 ; antenatal 出生前的 ; ante-post (赌注)下于赛马号码公布之前的) 构成名词和形容词，意为“在…之前，先，前” [Latin ante (prep. & adv.), = before]

anteater /ˈænti:tə/ n.  a mammal that feeds on ants and termites, esp. one of the edentate family Myrmecophagidae, with a long snout and sticky tongue 食蚁兽(贫齿目)

ante-bellum /æntiˈbeləm/ attrib. adj.  occurring or existing before a particular war, esp. the US Civil War 发生或存在于战争(尤指美国内战)之前的 [Latin, from ante ‘before’ + bellum ‘war’]

antecedent /æntiˈsi:d(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a preceding thing or circumstance 先前的事情(或情况) 2 Gram.  a word, phrase, clause, or sentence, to which another word (esp. a relative pronoun, usu. following) refers 【语法】先行词(或短语、从句、句子) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  past history, esp. of a person (尤指个人的)经历，履历 4 Logic  the statement contained in the ‘if’ clause of a conditional proposition 【逻辑学】前件，前项(条件命题的“假设”从句中包含的陈述部分) ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  previous 前面的，先前的 2  presumptive, a priori 假定的；先验的 □ antecedence  n.  □ antecedently  adv.   [Middle English, from French antécédent or Latin antecedere (as ANTE-, cedere ‘go’)]

antechamber /ˈæntitʃeimbə/ n.  a small room leading to a main one 前堂，前厅 [earlier anti-: French antichambre from Italian anticamera (as ANTE-, CHAMBER)]

antechapel /ˈæntiˌtʃæp(ə)l/ n.  the outer part at the west end of a college chapel (大学教堂西端外侧的)门厅

antedate v. & n. ●v. tr. /æntiˈdeit, ˈæntideit/  1  exist or occur at a date earlier than 存在(或发生)于…之前，早于，先于 2  assign an earlier date to (a document, event, etc.), esp. one earlier than its actual date 把(文件、活动等的日期)提到实际日期之前 ●n. /ˈæntideit/  a date earlier than the actual one 早于实际发生的日期

antediluvian /ˌæntidiˈlu:viən/ adj.  1  of or belonging to the time before the biblical Flood (《圣经》中记载的)大洪水之前的 2 colloq.  very old or out of date [口]很早以前的，老掉牙的；陈旧过时的 [ANTE- + Latin diluvium DELUGE + -AN]

antelope /ˈæntiləʊp/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or antelopes)  1  a deerlike ruminant of the family Bovidae, mainly found in Africa, typically tall, slender, graceful, and swift-moving with smooth hair and upward-pointing horns, e.g. gazelles, gnus, kudus, and impala 羚羊牛科，主要产于非洲 2  leather made from the skin of any of these 羚羊皮革 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = PRONGHORN  [Middle English via Old French antelop or medieval Latin ant(h)alopus from late Greek antholops, of unknown origin]

antenatal /æntiˈneit(ə)l/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  existing or occurring before birth 出生前(存在或发生)的 2  relating to the period of pregnancy 怀孕期间的，妊娠的

antenna /ænˈtenə/ n.  1 (pl. antennae /-ni:/) Zool.  each of a pair of mobile appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, etc., sensitive to touch and taste; a feeler 【动】触须；触角 2 (pl. antennas)  = AERIALn.  □ antennal  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ antennary  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Latin, = yard (of a ship), used in pl. to translate Greek keraioi ‘horns’ of insects]

antenuptial /æntiˈnʌpʃ(ə)l/ adj. esp. Brit.  existing or occurring before marriage [尤英]结婚前(存在或发生)的 [Late Latin antenuptialis (as ANTE-, NUPTIAL)]

antenuptial contract n. S. Afr.  a contract between two persons intending to marry each other, setting out the terms and conditions of their marriage [南非]婚前协定

antepenult /ˌæntipiˈnʌlt/ n.  the last syllable but two in a word (单词的)倒数第 3 个音节 [abbreviation of Late Latin antepaenultimus (as ANTE-, paenultimus PENULT)]

antepenultimate /ˌæntipiˈnʌltimət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  last but two 倒数第三的 ●n.  anything that is last but two 倒数第三的东西

ante-post /æntiˈpəʊst/ adj. Brit. (of betting) done at odds determined at the time of betting, in advance of the event concerned [英] (赌博)在事件发生前下赌注的 [ANTE- + POST1]

anterior /ænˈtiəriə/ adj.  1  nearer the front 前面的，靠近前沿的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  earlier, prior 先前的，先行的 □ anteriority  /-riˈɒriti/ n.  □ anteriorly  adv.   [French antérieur or Latin anterior, from ante ‘before’]

ante-room /ˈæntiru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a small room leading to a main one 前厅，前堂 2 Mil.  a sitting room in an officers' mess 【军】军官食堂的前厅(休息室)

Anthea /ˈænθiə/   安西娅 [人名]

antheap /ˈænthi:p/ n.  = ANTHILL 

anthelion /æntˈhi:liən, ænˈθi:l-/ n. (pl. anthelia /-liə/)  a luminous halo projected on a cloud or fog bank opposite to the sun (与太阳相对方向的投射在云团或雾团上的)幻日，反日 [Greek, neut. of anthēlios ‘opposite to the sun’ (as ANTI-, hēlios ‘sun’)]

anthelmintic /ænθ(ə)lˈmintik/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 anthelminthic /-θik/) ●n.  any drug or agent used to destroy parasitic, esp. intestinal, worms, e.g. tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes 打寄生虫(尤肠虫)药 ●adj.  having the power to eliminate or destroy parasitic worms 驱除寄生虫的，驱虫的 [ANTI- + Greek helmins helminthos ‘worm’]

anthem /ˈænθəm/ n.  1  an elaborate choral composition usu. based on a passage of scripture for church use (通常指用于教堂的为圣经的一节谱写的)圣歌 2  a  a solemn hymn of praise etc. esp. (尤) = NATIONAL ANTHEM 颂歌，赞歌b  a popular song that is identified with a person, group, etc. (代表某人或某团体等的)流行歌曲  rock anthem  摇滚歌曲 3  a composition sung antiphonally (轮唱的)赞美诗 [Old English antefn, antifne from Late Latin antiphona ANTIPHON]

anthemion /ænˈθi:miən/ n. (pl. anthemia /-miə/)  a flower-like ornament used in art (艺术作品的)花状饰纹，叶丛状饰纹 [Greek, = flower]

anther /ˈænθə/ n. Bot.  the apical portion of a stamen containing pollen 【植】(雄蕊的)花粉囊 □ antheral  adj.   [French anthère or modern Latin anthera, in Latin ‘medicine extracted from flowers’, from Greek anthēra ‘flowery’, fem. adj. from anthos ‘flower’]

antheridium /ænθəˈridiəm/ n. (pl. antheridia /-diə/) Bot.  the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, etc. 【植】(藻类、苔藓、蕨类等的)精子囊，雄器 [modern Latin from anthera (as ANTHER) + Greek -idion diminutive suffix]

anthill /ˈænthil/ n.  1  a moundlike nest built by ants or termites (白)蚁丘，蚁穴，蚁塔 2  a community teeming with people 人群密集的地方

anthologize /ænˈθɒlədʒaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  compile or include in an anthology 编纂；把…收入选集

anthology /ænˈθɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a published collection of passages from literature (esp. poems), songs, reproductions of paintings, etc. 诗选；文选；歌曲集；画集 □ anthologist  n.   [French anthologie or medieval Latin from Greek anthologia, from anthos ‘flower’ + -logia ‘collection’ from legō ‘gather’]

Anthony /ˈæntəni/   安东尼 [人名]

anthozoan /ænθəˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a sessile marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa which includes sea anemones and corals 珊瑚虫(包括海葵、珊瑚等) ●adj.  of or relating to this class 珊瑚虫的 [modern Latin Anthozoa, from Greek anthos ‘flower’ + zōia ‘animals’]

anthracene /ˈænθrəsi:n/ n.  a colourless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the distillation of crude oils and used in the manufacture of chemicals (从原油中提炼，用于化学制剂的)蒽 [Greek anthrax -akos ‘coal’ + -ENE]

anthracite /ˈænθrəsait/ n.  coal of a hard variety containing relatively pure carbon and burning with little flame and smoke 无烟煤 □ anthracitic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [Greek anthrakitis a kind of coal (as ANTHRACENE)]

anthracnose /ænˈθræknəʊs/ n.  a fungal disease of plants causing dark lesions (真菌引起的植物)炭疽病 [French from Greek anthrak- anthrax ‘coal’ + nosos ‘disease’]

anthrax /ˈænθræks/ n.  a fatal bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, transmissible to humans, usu. affecting the skin and lungs (牛、羊等的可传染人的、通常感染皮肤和肺的)炭疽；炭疽脓疱 [Late Latin from Greek, = carbuncle (the earliest sense in English)]

anthropic principle /ænˈθrɒpik/ n.  the cosmological principle that theories of the origin of the universe are constrained by the necessity to allow individual human existence (认为宇宙的起源是适应人类生存需要的)唯人宇宙论 [Greek anthrōpikos, from anthrōpos ‘human being’]

anthropo- /ˈænθrəpəʊ/ comb. form  human, humankind [构词成分]人，人类 [Greek anthrōpos ‘human being’]

anthropocentric /ænθrəpəˈsentrik/ adj.  regarding humankind as the centre of existence 以人类为中心的，人类中心说的 □ anthropocentrically  adv.  □ anthropocentrism  n.  

anthropogenesis /ænθrəpəˈdʒenisis/ n.  = ANTHROPOGENY 

anthropogenic /ænθrəpəˈdʒenik/ adj.  1  relating to anthropogeny 人类起源论的 2 Ecol.  originating in human activity 【态】人为的，人类活动产生的

anthropogeny /ænθrəˈpɒdʒini/ n.  the study of the origin of man 人类起源论

anthropoid /ˈænθrəpɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  resembling a human being in form, esp. (of an ape) tailless and often bipedal 似人类的，类人的(尤指无尾猿，往往可以直立行走等) 2  of or relating to the primate suborder Anthropoidea, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans colloq. (of a person) apelike 类人猿的；类人亚目的(包括猴子、猿和人类)；[口] (人)像猿猴的 ●n.  a being that is human in form only, esp. an anthropoid ape 类人动物；类人猿 [Greek anthrōpoeidēs (as ANTHROPO-, -OID)]

anthropology /ænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of humankind, esp. of its societies and customs 人类学(尤指对人类社会和风俗的研究) 2  the study of the structure and evolution of humans as animals 人类(作为一种动物的)进化学 □ anthropological  /-pəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ anthropologist  n.  

anthropometry /ænθrəˈpɒmitri/ n.  the scientific study of the measurements of the human body 人体测量学 □ anthropometric  /-pəˈmetrik/ adj.  

anthropomorphic /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  of or characterized by anthropomorphism 被赋予人形(或人性)的，拟人的 □ anthropomorphically  adv.   [as ANTHROPOMORPHOUS + -IC]

anthropomorphism /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  the attribution of a human form or personality to a god, animal, or thing (赋予神、动物或物体以人形或人性的)拟人观，拟人论 □ anthropomorphize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

anthropomorphous /ænθrəpəˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.  human in form 人形的，具人形的 [Greek anthrōpomorphos (as ANTHROPO-, morphē ‘form’)]

anthropophagy /ænθrəˈpɒfədʒi/ n.  the eating of human flesh; cannibalism 食人，食人肉；嗜食同类 □ anthropophagous  /-ɡəs/ adj.   [Greek anthrōpophagia (as ANTHROPO-, phagō ‘eat’)]

anthroposophy /ænθrəˈpɒsəfi/ n.  1  the knowledge of the nature of humans; human wisdom 关于人类本性的知识；人类智慧 2  a movement inaugurated by Rudolf Steiner to develop the faculty of cognition and the realization of spiritual reality 人智学(鲁道夫·斯坦纳提出的发展人类认知能力和实现精神世界的学说) [ANTHROPO- + Greek sophos ‘wise’]

anti /ˈænti/ prep. & n. ●prep. (also absol. [亦含宾])  opposed to 逆，反  is anti everything  反对一切 seems to be rather anti  似乎十分逆反 ●n. (pl. antis)  a person opposed to a particular policy etc. 反对(某项政策等)的人 [ANTI-]

anti- /ˈænti/ prefix (also ant- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前亦作 ant-) forming nouns and adjectives meaning 构成名词或形容词，意为 :  1  opposed to; against (antivivisectionism 反对活体解剖) 反…，反对 2  preventing (antiscorbutic 抗坏血病) 防…，抗… 3  the opposite of (anticlimax 突降，反高潮) 逆，反… 4  rival (antipope 反教皇) 对抗 5  unlike the conventional form (anti-hero 叛逆英雄 ; anti-novel 另类小说) 另类，非传统的 6 Physics  the antiparticle of a specified particle (antineutrino 反中微子 ; antiproton 反质子) 【物理学】反粒子，反物质 [from or influenced by Greek anti- ‘against’]

anti-abortion /ˌæntiəˈbɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ attrib. adj.  opposing abortion 反人工流产的 □ anti-abortionist  n.  

anti-aircraft /æntiˈɛəkrɑ:ft/ attrib. adj. (of a gun, missile, etc.) used to attack enemy aircraft (炮、导弹等)防空的

anti-apartheid /ˌæntiəˈpɑ:teit, -tait/ attrib. adj.  opposed to the policy or system of apartheid 反种族隔离的

antibacterial /ˌæntibækˈtiəriəl/ adj.  active against bacteria 抗菌的

antibiosis /ˌæntibaiˈəʊsis/ n.  an antagonistic association between two organisms (esp. micro-organisms), in which one is adversely affected (cf. 参见 SYMBIOSIS) (两种有机物、尤其微生有机物之间一种受损的)抗生(作用)，抗菌(作用) [French antibiose (as ANTI-, SYMBIOSIS)]

antibiotic /ˌæntibaiˈɒtik/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  any of various substances (e.g. penicillin) produced by micro-organisms or made synthetically, that can inhibit or destroy susceptible micro-organisms 抗生素(如青霉素) ●adj.  functioning as an antibiotic 抗生素的；有抗生素作用的 [French antibiotique (as ANTI-, Greek biōtikos ‘fit for life’ from bios ‘life’)]

antibody /ˈæntibɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of a class of blood proteins (immunoglobulins) produced in response to and counteracting antigens 抗体 [translation of German Antikörper (as ANTI-, Körper ‘body’)]

antic /ˈæntik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  absurd or foolish behaviour 古怪或愚蠢的行为 2  an absurd or silly action 滑稽动作 ●adj. archaic  grotesque, bizarre [古义]古怪的，滑稽的，可笑的 [Italian antico ANTIQUE, used to mean ‘grotesque’]

anticathode /æntiˈkæθəʊd/ n.  the target (or anode) of an X-ray tube on which the electrons from the cathode impinge and from which X-rays are emitted (X 射线管中受射线撞击并发出 X 射线的)对阴极，阳极

Antichrist /ˈæntikraist/ n.  1  an arch-enemy of Christ 基督的大敌 2  a postulated personal opponent of Christ expected by the early Church to appear before the end of the world (早期基督教会假想将在世界末日出现的)基督的对手；反对基督者 [Middle English from Old French antecrist from ecclesiastical Latin antichristus from Greek antikhristos (as ANTI-, Khristos CHRIST)]

antichristian /æntiˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj.  1  opposed to Christianity 反基督教的 2  concerning the Antichrist 反基督者的，基督之敌的

anticipate /ænˈtisipeit/ v. tr.  1  be aware of (a thing) in advance and act accordingly; forestall (an action) 预料到并采取相应行动  anticipated his opponent's moves  预料到对手的招数 anticipated the hard winter ahead  预料到前面的严冬 anticipates my every need  事先想到了我的每一个需求 2 disp.  expect, foresee; regard as probable [异议]期望，预见，认为多半可能  did not anticipate any difficulty  没有预见到任何困难 3  take action before (another person); forestall 早于(别人)采取行动；先下手，抢先一步  was about to announce the discovery but was anticipated by his pupil  正要公开这一新发现，却被自己的学生抢先一步 4  look forward to 期待，期盼  I anticipated the interview with pleasure  我愉快地期待着这次会见 5  cause (a future event) to happen earlier; accelerate 使(将要发生的事情)提前发生；加速 □ anticipative  adj.  □ anticipator  n.  □ anticipatory  adj.   [Latin anticipare (as ANTE- + -cipare from capere ‘take’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of anticipate in sense 2 above is well established in informal use, but is regarded as incorrect by some people. 上述 anticipate 一词的释义 2 常用于非正式场合，但有人认为不规范。 

anticipation /æntisiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of anticipating 预料；预期；期盼 2 Mus.  the introduction beforehand of part of a chord which is about to follow 【音】(和弦的)先行音符(通常为和弦的一部分) [French anticipation or Latin anticipatio (as ANTICIPATE)]

anticlerical /æntiˈklerik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  opposed to the influence of the clergy, esp. in politics (尤指政治上)反对教权的 ●n.  an anticlerical person 反对教权的人 □ anticlericalism  n.  

anticlimax /æntiˈklaimæks/ n.  a trivial conclusion to something significant or impressive, esp. where a climax was expected (尤指在理当出现高潮处)平庸结尾；虎头蛇尾；反高潮 □ anticlimactic  /-ˈmæktik/ adj.  □ anticlimactically  /-ˈmæktik(ə)li/ adv.  

anticline /ˈæntiklain/ n. Geol.  a ridge or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope down from the crest (opp. 反义 SYNCLINE) 【地质】背斜(褶皱构造中岩层向上隆起的部分) □ anticlinal  /-ˈklain(ə)l/ adj.   [ANTI- + Greek klinō ‘lean’, on the pattern of INCLINE]

anticlockwise /æntiˈklɒkwaiz/ adv. & adj. Brit. [英] ●adv.  in a curve opposite in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock 逆时针地 ●adj.  moving anticlockwise 逆时针(运动)的

anticoagulant /ˌæntikəʊˈæɡjʊl(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that retards or inhibits coagulation, esp. of the blood 抗凝剂(尤指抗凝血剂) ●adj.  retarding or inhibiting coagulation 抗凝的

anticodon /æntiˈkəʊdɒn/ n. Biochem.  a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA 【生化】(对应于遗传基因互密码子补码的)反密码子

anti-communist /æntiˈkɒmjʊnist/ adj.  against communism or communists 反共产主义(者)的

anticonstitutional /ˌæntikɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  violating a political constitution 违反政纲的；(违)反宪法的

anticonvulsant /ˌæntikənˈvʌls(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that prevents or reduces the severity of convulsions, esp. epileptic fits 抗痉挛药，抗惊厥剂 ●adj.  preventing or reducing convulsions 抗痉挛的，抗惊厥的

anticyclone /æntiˈsaikləʊn/ n.  a system of winds rotating outwards from an area of high barometric pressure, producing fine weather 反气旋，高气压 □ anticyclonic  /-ˈklɒnik/ adj.  

antidepressant /ˌæntidiˈpres(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any drug or agent that alleviates depression 抗抑郁药剂 ●adj.  alleviating depression 抗抑郁的

antidiuretic hormone /ˌæntidaijʊˈretik/ n.  = VASOPRESSIN  [ANTI- + DIURETIC]

antidote /ˈæntidəʊt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, against)  1  a medicine etc. taken or given to counteract poison 解毒剂，解药 2  anything that counteracts something unpleasant or evil 矫正法；避邪物；良方  antidote to jet lag  克服时差反应的良方 □ antidotal  adj.   [French antidote or Latin antidotum from Greek antidoton, neut. of antidotos ‘given against’ (as ANTI- + stem of didonai ‘give’)]

anti-establishment /ˌæntiiˈstæbliʃm(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 anti-Establishment)  against the Establishment or established authority 反正统(派)的；反对既定权威机构的

antifreeze /ˈæntifri:z/ n.  a substance (usu. ethylene glycol) added to water to lower its freezing point, esp. in the radiator of a motor vehicle (尤指汽车散热器中的)阻冻剂，防冻剂

anti-g /æntiˈdʒi:/ adj. (of clothing for an astronaut etc.) designed to counteract the effects of high acceleration (宇航员等的服装)反重力的，反引力的；抗超重的 [ANTI- + g (symbol for acceleration due to gravity)]

antigen /ˈæntidʒ(ə)n/ n.  a foreign substance (e.g. a toxin) which induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies 抗原(尤指产生抗体的一种异质，如毒素) □ antigenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [German (as ANTIBODY, -GEN)]

anti-government /æntiˈɡʌv(ə)nm(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 anti-Government)  against a government or the ministry in office 反对政府或政府部门的

anti-gravity /æntiˈɡræviti/ n. & adj. ●n. Physics  a hypothetical force opposing gravity 【物理学】反重力的，反引力的，抗重力的 ●adj.  = ANTI-G 

Antigua /ænˈti:gə/ n.  安提瓜岛 [北美洲]

Antigua and Barbuda   安提瓜和巴布达

Antiguan /ænˈti:gən/ adj. & n.  安提瓜岛的(人)

anti-hero /ˈæntiˌhiərəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a central character in a story or drama who noticeably lacks conventional heroic attributes (小说或戏剧中)非正统派主角的，反英雄的

antihistamine /æntiˈhistəmin, -mi:n/ n.  a substance that counteracts the effects of histamine, used esp. in the treatment of allergies 抗组胺剂(尤用于治疗过敏)

anti-inflammatory /ˌæntiinˈflæmət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug etc.) reducing inflammation (药物等)消炎的，抗炎症的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  an anti-inflammatory drug 消炎药

antiknock /ˈæntinɒk/ n.  a substance added to motor fuel to prevent premature combustion (加于内燃机燃料中以防止早燃的)抗震剂，抗爆剂

anti-lock /ˈæntilɒk/ attrib. adj. (of brakes) set up so as to prevent locking and skidding if applied suddenly (刹车装置)防急刹车抱死的

antilog /ˈæntilɒɡ/ n.  = ANTILOGARITHM  [abbreviation]

antilogarithm /æntiˈlɒɡərið(ə)m/ n.  the number to which a logarithm belongs 反对数，逆对数  100 is the common antilogarithm of 2  100 是 2 的常用逆对数

antilogy /ænˈtilədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a contradiction in terms (措词、术语等的)自相矛盾，前后矛盾 [French antilogie from Greek antilogia (as ANTI-, -LOGY)]

antimacassar /ˌæntiməˈkæsə/ n.  a covering put over furniture, esp. over the back of a chair, as a protection from grease in the hair or as an ornament (家具的)覆盖物(尤指椅子背上的罩) [ANTI- + MACASSAR]

antimatter /ˈæntiˌmætə/ n. Physics  matter composed solely of antiparticles 【物理学】反物质

antimetabolite /ˌæntimiˈtæbəlait/ n. Pharm.  a drug that interferes with the normal metabolic processes within cells, usu. by combining with enzymes 【药】抗代谢物，抗代谢药剂

antimony /ˈæntiməni/ n. Chem.  a brittle silvery-white metallic element used esp. in alloys with lead (symbol 符 Sb) 【化】(化学元素)锑 □ antimonial  /-ˈməʊniəl/ adj.  □ antimonic  /-ˈmɒnik/ adj.  □ antimonious  /-ˈməʊniəs/ adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin antimonium (11th c.), of unknown origin]

antinode /ˈæntinəʊd/ n. Physics  the position of maximum displacement in a standing wave system 【物理学】波腹，腹点，对交点

antinomian /æntiˈnəʊmiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the view that Christians are released from the obligation of observing the moral law (基督教)反律法主义的；主张废弃道德准则的 ●n. (作 Antinomian) hist.  a person who holds this view [史义]反律法主义者；主张废弃道德准则的人 □ antinomianism  n.   [medieval Latin Antinomi, name of a sect in Germany (1535) alleged to hold this view (as ANTI-, Greek nomos ‘law’)]

antinomy /ænˈtinəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonable; a paradox 二律相悖，二律背反(指两种本身合理的观点或结论之间的矛盾)；悖论 2  a conflict between two laws or authorities (两种法律或权力之间的)冲突，对立，抵触 [Latin antinomia from Greek (as ANTI-, nomos ‘law’)]

antinovel /ˈæntiˌnɒv(ə)l/ n.  a novel in which the conventions of the form are studiously avoided 反小说(有意违背小说常规形式的小说)

anti-nuclear /æntiˈnju:kliə/ adj.  opposed to the development of nuclear weapons or nuclear power 反对发展核武器的；反对核能的

antioxidant /æntiˈɒksid(ə)nt/ n.  1 Chem.  an agent that inhibits oxidation, esp. used to counteract deterioration of stored food products 【化】抗氧化剂(尤指食物防腐剂) 2 Biol.  a substance (e.g. vitamin C or E) that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism 【生】防老化剂(将有潜在危害的氧化物排出有机体外的药物，如维生素 C 、 E 等)

antiparticle /ˈæntiˌpɑ:tik(ə)l/ n. Physics  a subatomic particle having the same mass as a given particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties 【物理学】反粒子

antipasto /æntiˈpɑ:stəʊ/ n. (pl. antipasti /-ti/)  an hors d'oeuvre, esp. in an Italian meal (尤指意大利餐的)餐前小吃；开胃食品 [Italian (as ANTE- + Latin pastus ‘food’)]

antipathetic /ˌæntipəˈθetik/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  having a strong aversion or natural opposition 讨厌的，嫌恶的；本性上不相容的 □ antipathetical  adj.  □ antipathetically  adv.   [as ANTIPATHY, on the pattern of PATHETIC]

antipathic /æntiˈpæθik/ adj.  of a contrary nature or character 天性上不相容的；反感的

antipathy /ænˈtipəθi/ n. (pl. -ies) (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, between)  a strong or deep-seated aversion or dislike 憎恶，厌恶；反感 [French antipathie or Latin antipathia from Greek antipatheia, from antipathēs ‘opposed in feeling’ (as ANTI-, pathos -eos ‘feeling’)]

anti-personnel /ˌæntipɜ:səˈnel/ attrib. adj. (of a bomb, mine, etc.) designed to kill or injure people rather than to damage buildings or equipment (炸弹、地雷等)杀伤性的，杀伤人的(而不是毁坏建筑物或设备)

antiperspirant /æntiˈpɜ:spirənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance applied to the skin to prevent or reduce perspiration (涂抹于皮肤上的)止汗药，防汗药 ●adj.  that acts as an antiperspirant 止汗的，防汗的

antiphon /ˈæntif(ə)n/ n.  1  a hymn or psalm, the parts of which are sung or recited alternately by two groups 交互轮唱的颂歌(或诗篇) 2  a versicle or phrase from this 颂歌的诗句(或短语) 3  a sentence sung or recited before or after a psalm or canticle 圣歌之前(或之后)的短歌或颂辞 4  a response 应答；回应 [ecclesiastical Latin antiphona from Greek (as ANTI-, phōnē ‘sound’)]

antiphonal /ænˈtifən(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sung or recited alternately by two groups (两组)轮流吟唱的 2  responsive, answering 应答的，反应的 ●n.  a collection of antiphons 轮唱(赞美)诗歌集 □ antiphonally  adv.  

antiphonary /ænˈtif(ə)nəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a book of antiphons 轮流吟唱诗歌集 [ecclesiastical Latin antiphonarium (as ANTIPHON)]

antiphony /ænˈtif(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  antiphonal singing or chanting 轮流吟唱 2  a response or echo 应答，回应

antipode /ˈæntipəʊd/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  the exact opposite 正好相反，恰恰相对 [back-formation from ANTIPODES]

antipodes /ænˈtipədi:z/ n. pl.  1  a (also 亦作 Antipodes)  a place diametrically opposite to another, esp. Australasia as the region on the opposite side of the earth to Europe 相对极，相对点(尤指与欧洲地理位置相对的澳大利亚和新西兰附近地区)b  places diametrically opposite to each other 直接相对的两地 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  the exact opposite 正好相对，恰好相反 □ antipodal  adj.  □ antipodean  /-ˈdi:ən/ adj. & n.   [French or Late Latin, from Greek antipodes ‘having the feet opposite’ (as ANTI-, pous podos ‘foot’)]

antipope /ˈæntipəʊp/ n.  a person set up as pope in opposition to one (held by others to be) canonically chosen 僭称罗马教皇，伪教皇 [French antipape from medieval Latin antipapa, assimilated to POPE1]

antiproton /æntiˈprəʊtɒn/ n. Physics  the negatively charged antiparticle of a proton 【物理学】反质子

antipruritic /ˌæntiprʊəˈritik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving itching 止痒的 ●n.  an antipruritic drug or agent 止痒药 [ANTI- + PRURITUS + -IC]

antipyretic /ˌæntipaiˈretik, -pi-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing or reducing fever 退热的，退烧的 ●n.  an antipyretic drug or agent 退烧药

antiquarian /æntiˈkwɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or dealing in antiques or rare books 古文物的，古董的；古旧(珍本)书籍的 2  of the study of antiquities 古文物研究的 ●n.  an antiquary 古文物研究者；古董收藏者 □ antiquarianism  n.   [see ANTIQUARY]

antiquary /ˈæntikwəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a student or collector of antiques or antiquities 古文物研究者；古董收藏者 [Latin antiquarius from antiquus ‘ancient’]

antiquated /ˈæntikweitid/ adj.  old-fashioned; out of date 陈旧的，老式的；过时的 [ecclesiastical Latin antiquare antiquat- ‘make old’]

antique /ænˈti:k/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  an object of considerable age, esp. an item of furniture or the decorative arts having a high value 古董，文物 ●adj.  1  of or existing from an early date 古旧的，自古就存在的 2  old-fashioned, archaic 陈旧的，过时的 3  of ancient times 远古的，古时候的 ●v. tr. (antiques, antiqued, antiquing)  give an antique appearance to (furniture etc.) by artificial means 通过人工手段使(家具等)显得古旧 [French antique or Latin antiquus, anticus ‘former, ancient’, from ante ‘before’]

antiquity /ænˈtikwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ancient times, esp. the period before the Middle Ages 古代(尤指中世纪以前) 2  great age 古老的，经久的  a city of great antiquity  古老的城市 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  physical remains or relics from ancient times, esp. buildings and works of art 古迹，古代遗物(尤指建筑物和艺术作品) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  customs, events, etc., of ancient times 古老习俗；古代事件 5  the people of ancient times regarded collectively 古人(总称) [Middle English via Old French antiquité from Latin antiquitas -tatis, from antiquus: see ANTIQUE]

anti-racism /æntiˈreisiz(ə)m/ n.  the policy or practice of opposing racism and promoting racial tolerance 反对种族主义，反对种族偏见 □ anti-racist  n. & adj.  

antirrhinum /æntiˈrainəm/ n.  a plant of the genus Antirrhinum (figwort family), with tubular two-lipped flowers, esp. the snapdragon (玄参科)金鱼草属植物 [Latin from Greek antirrhinon, from anti ‘counterfeiting’ + rhis rhinos ‘nose’ (from the resemblance of the flower to an animal's snout)]

antiscorbutic /ˌæntiskɔ:ˈbju:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing or curing scurvy 抗坏血病的 ●n.  an antiscorbutic agent or drug 抗坏血病药剂

anti-Semite /æntiˈsi:mait, -ˈsemait/ n.  a person hostile to or prejudiced against Jews 反犹太人的人，歧视犹太人的人 □ anti-Semitic  /-siˈmitik/ adj.  □ anti-Semitism  /-ˈsemitiz(ə)m/ n.  

antisepsis /æntiˈsepsis/ n.  the process of using antiseptics to eliminate undesirable micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause disease 抗菌(法)，防腐(法) [modern Latin (as ANTI-, SEPSIS)]

antiseptic /æntiˈseptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  counteracting sepsis esp. by preventing the growth of disease-causing micro-organisms 抗菌的，防腐的 2  sterile or free from contamination 经过消毒的，无菌的；不受感染的 3  lacking character 缺乏个性的，无特征的 ●n.  an antiseptic agent 抗菌剂，防腐剂 □ antiseptically  adv.  

antiserum /ˈæntiˌsiərəm/ n. (pl. antisera /-rə/)  a blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases 抗血清(指含有抗体用于防止某种疾病的血清)

antisocial /æntiˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  contrary to or harmful to the existing social order 反社会的；危害社会秩序的  antisocial behaviour  危害社会秩序的行为 2  not sociable 非社交的；不善社交的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at UNSOCIABLE. 见 UNSOCIABLE 的用法注释。 

antistatic /æntiˈstætik/ adj.  that counteracts the effects of static electricity 抗(防)静电的

antistrophe /ænˈtistrəfi/ n.  the second section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it (see 见 STROPHE 1c) (古希腊颂歌中的)第二节(或其一部份) [Late Latin from Greek antistrophē, from antistrephō ‘turn against’]

anti-tank /æntiˈtæŋk/ attrib. adj.  for use against tanks 反坦克(的)

antitetanus /æntiˈtetənəs/ adj.  effective against tetanus 抗破伤风的

antithesis /ænˈtiθəsis/ n. (pl. antitheses /-si:z/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 of, to)  the direct opposite 对立面，正相反的事物 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, between)  contrast or opposition between two things 对照，对立 3  a contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words (修辞上的)对比法，对偶 [Late Latin, from Greek antitithēmi ‘set against’ (as ANTI-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

antithetical /æntiˈθetik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 antithetic)  1  contrasted, opposite 对立的，对照的 2  connected with, containing, or using antithesis 有关对比法的；采用对比法的 □ antithetically  adv.   [Greek antithetikos (as ANTITHESIS)]

antitoxin /æntiˈtɒksin/ n.  an antibody that counteracts a toxin 抗毒素 □ antitoxic  adj.  

antitrades /æntiˈtreidz, ˈænti-/ n. pl.  winds that blow in the opposite direction to (and usu. above) a trade wind 反信风，反贸易风

antitrust /æntiˈtrʌst/ attrib. adj. US (of a law etc.) opposed to or controlling trusts or other monopolies (see 见 TRUST n. 8c) [美] (法律等)反托拉斯的

antitype /ˈæntitaip/ n.  1  that which is represented by a type or symbol (某种类型或符号所代表的)原型 2  a person or thing of the opposite type 人物(或事物)的对型，反式 □ antitypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek antitupos ‘corresponding as an impression to the die’ (as ANTI-, tupos ‘stamp’)]

antivenin /æntiˈvenin/ n. (also 亦作 antivenom /-ˈvenəm/)  an antiserum containing antibodies against specific poisons in the venom of snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. 抗蛇(蝙蝠、蝎子等)毒素，抗蛇(蝙蝠、蝎子等)毒血清 [ANTI- + VENOM + -IN]

antiviral /æntiˈvaiər(ə)l/ adj.  effective against viruses 抗病毒的

antivivisectionism /ˌæntiˌviviˈsekʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  opposition to vivisection 反对活体解剖 □ antivivisectionist  n. & adj.  

antler /ˈæntlə/ n.  1  each of the branched horns of a stag or other (usu. male) deer (雄)鹿角，鹿茸 2  a branch of this 鹿角的枝杈 □ antlered  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, variant of Old French antoillier, of unknown origin]

ant-lion n.  a dragonfly-like neuropterous insect with predatory larvae which trap other insects in conical pits 蚁狮，蚁蛉幼虫

Antonia /ænˈtəunjə/   安东尼娅 [人名]

Antonine /ˈæntənain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius or their rules (AD 137 － 80) 安东尼王朝的(指罗马皇帝安东尼·庇护和马库斯·奥里乌斯统治时期，即公元 137 至 180 年) ●n.  either of the Antonine emperors 安东尼王朝的皇帝

antonomasia /æntənəˈmeiziə/ n.  1  the substitution of an epithet or title etc. for a proper name (e.g. the Maid of Orleans for Joan of Arc, his Grace for an archbishop 如将圣女贞德称作“奥尔良少女”，将大主教称作“大人”) 换称，代称 2  the use of a proper name to express a general idea (e.g. a Scrooge for a miser 如将吝啬的人称作斯克鲁奇[英国作家狄更斯小说中的老吝啬鬼]) 用专有名词表示一般概念 [Latin, from Greek from antonomazō ‘name instead’ (as ANTI-, + onoma ‘name’)]

Antony /ˈæntəni/   安东尼 [人名]

antonym /ˈæntənim/ n.  a word opposite in meaning to another in the same language (e.g. bad and good 例如“坏”和“好”) (opp. 反义 SYNONYM 1) (同一语言中的)反义词 □ antonymous  /ænˈtɒniməs/ adj.   [French antonyme (as ANTI-, SYNONYM)]

antrum /ˈæntrəm/ n. (pl. antra /-trə/) Anat. 【解】  1  a natural chamber or cavity in the body, esp. in a bone (尤指骨骼的)窦，腔 2  the part of the stomach just inside the pylorus 幽门部分的胃 □ antral  adj.   [Latin, from Greek antron ‘cave’]

ant's eggs n. pl. colloq.  the pupae of ants [口]蚂蚁蛹

antsy /ˈæntsi/ adj. N. Amer. colloq.  agitated, impatient, fidgety [北美口]热锅上的蚂蚁般的，烦燥不安的 [from the phrase have ants in one's pants: see ANT]

Antwep /ˈæntwɜ:p/ n.  安特卫普 [比利时港市]

anuran /əˈnjʊər(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any tailless amphibian of the order Anura, including frogs and toads 无尾目动物(包括青蛙和蟾蜍) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 无尾目动物的 [modern Latin Anura (AN-1 + Greek oura ‘tail’)]

anus /ˈeinəs/ n. Anat.  the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal 【解】肛门 [Latin]

anvil /ˈænvil/ n.  1  a block (usu. of iron) with a flat top, concave sides, and often a pointed end, on which metals are worked in forging 砧，铁砧 2 Anat.  a bone of the ear; the incus 【解】耳骨；砧骨 [Old English anfilte, from the Germanic base of ON prep. + a verbal stem meaning ‘beat’]

anxiety /æŋˈzaiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being anxious 忧虑，挂念 2  concern about an imminent danger, difficulty, etc. 担心，焦急 3 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  anxious desire 渴望，热望 4  a thing that causes anxiety 使人焦虑的事物  my greatest anxiety is that I shall fall ill  我最担心的是我会病倒 5 Psychol.  a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness 【心】焦虑症 [French anxieté or Latin anxietas -tatis (as ANXIOUS)]

anxiolytic /ˌæŋziəˈlitik/ n. & adj. Pharm. 【药】  ●n.  a drug reducing anxiety 缓解焦虑药物 ●adj.  reducing anxiety 缓解焦虑的 [ANXIETY + -LYTIC]

anxious /ˈæŋ(k)ʃəs/ adj.  1  troubled; uneasy in the mind 忧虑的，担心的；心中不安的 2  causing or marked by anxiety 使人担心的，引起忧虑的  an anxious moment  令人不安的时刻 3 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  earnestly or uneasily wanting or trying 急于想尝试的；急切的，渴望的  anxious to please  急于讨好 anxious for you to succeed  热盼你的成功 □ anxiously  adv.  □ anxiousness  n.   [Latin anxius from angere ‘choke’]

any /ˈeni/ det., pron. & adv. ●det.  1 (with interrog., neg., or conditional expressed or implied 用于疑问句、否定句或表示条件的句子)  a  one, no matter which, of several (若干个中的)一个，任何一个  cannot find any answer  找不到任何答案 are there any good films on?  有什么好电影在放映吗？b  some, no matter how much or many or of what sort 若干，一些；无论多少；无论何种  if any books arrive  如果有书寄来 have you any sugar?  你有糖吗？ 2  a minimal amount of 一点点的，丝毫的  hardly any difference  几乎没有一点儿区别 3  whichever might be chosen 任意一个，随便哪个  any fool knows that  任何傻子都知道那个 4  a  an appreciable or significant 很大程度的；相当可观的  did not stay for any length of time  片刻也没有停留b  a very large 很大数量的  has any amount of money  有的是钱 ●pron.  1  any one 任何一个人(或物)  did not know any of them  不认识他们中的任何人 is any of these films worth seeing?  这些电影有哪个值得一看吗？ 2  any number 任何数目  are any of them yours?  其中有没有属于你的？ 3  any amount 任意数量的，不论多少  is there any left?  还有任何剩余吗？ ●adv. (usu. with neg. or interrog. 常用于否定句或疑问句)  at all; in some degree 全然；某种程度  is that any good?  那有任何好处吗？ do not make it any larger  切勿再增大它 without being any the wiser  没有变得丝毫聪明些 □ any more   to any further extent; any longer 再，又  don't like you any more  不再喜欢你□ any time  colloq.  at any time [口]在任何时候□ any time (or day or minute etc.) now  colloq.  at any time in the near future [口] (在近期的)任何时候□ not having any  colloq.  unwilling to participate [口]不愿参与 [Old English nig, from Germanic (as ONE, -Y1)]■Usage 用法说明 The pronoun any can be used with either a singular or plural verb depending on the context (see examples above). any 作为代词用时，所跟动词可根据上下文采用单数或者复数形式(见上文例句)。 

anybody /ˈenibɒdi/ n. & pron.  1  a  a person, no matter who 任何人b  a person of any kind 任何一种人c  whatever person is chosen 随便哪个人 2  a person of importance 重要人物  are you anybody?  你是什么重要人物吗？ □ anybody's  (of a contest) evenly balanced (比赛的)平手，势均力敌  it was anybody's game  那是一场势均力敌的比赛□ anybody's guess   see 见 GUESS 

anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv.  1  anyway 不管怎样，无论如何 2  in a disorderly manner or state 杂乱无章地；随随便便地  does his work anyhow  草草敷衍他的工作 things are all anyhow  一切都是杂乱无章

anymore /eniˈmɔ:/ adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = any more (see 见 ANY) 

anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.  anybody 任何人■Usage 用法说明 Anyone is written as two words to imply a numerical sense, as in Any one of us can do it. anyone 写成两个单词时，表示数量上的含义，如 Any one of us can do it (我们谁都会做这事)。 

anyplace /ˈenipleis/ adv. N. Amer. colloq.  anywhere [北美口]任何地方

any road adv. esp. N. Engl. [尤英格兰北部]  = ANYWAY 2, 3 

anything /ˈeniθiŋ/ pron.  1  a thing, no matter which 任何事物 2  a thing of any kind 无论何事物 3  whatever thing is chosen 随便那一件事物 □ anything but   not at all 一点不，全然不  was anything but honest  一点也不诚实□ like anything  colloq.  with great vigour, intensity, etc. [口]以全力地；拼命地

anytime /ˈenitaim/ adv. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  = any time (see 见 ANY) 

anyway /ˈeniwei/ adv.  1 (also 亦作 any way)  in any way or manner 不论以何种方式 2  at any rate; in any case 无论如何 3  to resume 总之，不管怎么说  anyway, as I was saying  总之，如我所说

anyways /ˈeniweiz/ adv. N. Amer. colloq. or dial. [北美口] [方]  = ANYWAY 

anywhere /ˈeniwɛə/ adv. & pron. ●adv.  in or to any place 不管在哪儿；不管去哪儿 ●pron.  any place 任何地方，随便哪个地方  anywhere will do  随便哪儿都可以

anywise /ˈeniwaiz/ adv. archaic  in any manner [古义]无论如何 [Old English on œˉnige wīsan ‘in any wise’]

Anzac /ˈænzæk/ n.  1  a soldier in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (1914 － 18) (1914 至 1918 年间的)澳新军团士兵 2  a person, esp. a member of the armed services, from Australia or New Zealand 澳大利亚士兵；新西兰士兵 [acronym]

Anzac Day n. (in Australia and New Zealand) the day (25 April) commemorating the Anzac landing at Gallipoli in 1915 (澳大利亚和新西兰)澳新军团节 (4 月 25 日，纪念 1915 年澳大利亚与新西兰军团在加利波利登陆)

Anzus /ˈænzəs/ n. (also 亦作 ANZUS)  Australia, New Zealand, and the US, as an alliance for the Pacific area (太平洋地区的)澳大利亚、新西兰和美国联盟，澳新美联盟

AO abbr.  Officer of the Order of Australia [缩略]澳大利亚受(女王)册封官员

AOB abbr. Brit.  any other business [缩略] [英]其他任何经营活动

AOC abbr. appellation d'origine contrôlée [缩略]  (经核准的)原产地注册商标

A-OK abbr. N. Amer. colloq.  excellent; in good order [缩略] [北美口]很好，不错；一切顺利正常 [all systems OK]

aorist /ˈeiərist, ˈɛər-/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  an unqualified past tense of a verb (esp. in Greek), without reference to duration or completion (尤指希腊语)不定过去时 ●adj.  of or designating this tense 不定过去时的 □ aoristic  /eiəˈristik, ɛəˈr-/ adj.   [Greek aoristos ‘indefinite’ (as A-1 + horizō ‘define, limit’)]

aorta /eiˈɔ:tə/ n. (pl. aortas)  the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system, in humans passing over the heart from the left ventricle and running down in front of the backbone (身体的)主动脉 □ aortic  adj.   [Greek aortē, from a(e)irō ‘raise’]

ap-1 /əp, æp/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before p (在 p 前)AD- 的同化形式

ap-2 /əp, æp/ prefix  assim. form of APO- before a vowel or h (在元音或 h 前)APO- 的同化形式

apace /əˈpeis/ adv. literary  swiftly, quickly [文学用语]迅速地，快速地 [Old French ɑˋ pas ‘at (a considerable) pace’]

Apache n. & adj. ●n.  1 /əˈpætʃi/  a (pl. same 单复同 or Apaches)  a member of a N. American Indian people of New Mexico and Arizona 阿帕切人(北美印第安人的一个种族，分布于新墨西哥和亚利桑那州)b  the language of this people 阿帕切语 2 (作 apache /əˈpæʃ/) (pl. apaches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a violent street ruffian, originally in Paris (指原巴黎的)街头恶棍，无赖 ●adj. /əˈpætʃi/  of or relating to the Apache or their langauge 阿帕切族人的；阿帕切语的 [Mexican Spanish]

apanage /ˈæp(ə)nidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 appanage)  1  provision for the maintenance of the younger children of kings etc. (封建国王赐给王子等的)封禄；封地 2  a perquisite 应得财产，应得权益 3  a natural accompaniment or attribute 附属物；天然属性 [French, ultimately from medieval Latin appanare ‘endow’]

apart /əˈpɑ:t/ adv.  1  separately; not together 分开；分离着，不在一起  keep your feet apart  保持你的双脚分开 2  into pieces 成零碎状  came apart in my hands  在我手里碎裂了 3  a  to or on one side 向一侧；在一边b  out of consideration 除外，除去 placed after noun 用于名词后 : joking apart  不开玩笑，说正经的 4  to or at a distance 相距；相间隔 □ apart from   1  excepting; not considering 除…以外；不考虑 2  in addition to 另外，除…之外还  apart from roses we grow irises  除玫瑰以外我们还种鸢尾花□ apartness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + part ‘side’]

apartheid /əˈpɑ:theit/ n.  1 (esp. in S. Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race (尤指南非的)种族隔离(或歧视) 2  segregation in other contexts 隔离，分隔 [Afrikaans (as APART, -HOOD)]

apartment /əˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a suite of rooms, usu. furnished and rented (通常指有家具供出租的)一套房间 2  a single room in a house 一幢房子中的一间 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a flat 公寓b  = APARTMENT BUILDING  [French appartement from Italian appartamento, from appartare ‘to separate’ from a parte ‘apart’]

apartment building n. N. Amer.  a block of flats [北美]公寓大楼

apartment hotel n. N. Amer.  a hotel with furnished suites of rooms including kitchen facilities, available for long-term or short-term rental [北美] (房间设施齐全、包含有厨房设施、可供长期或短期租用的)公寓式旅馆

apartment house n. esp. US [尤美]  = APARTMENT BUILDING 

apathetic /æpəˈθetik/ adj.  having or showing no emotion or interest 缺乏感情的；缺乏兴趣的 □ apathetically  adv.   [APATHY, after PATHETIC]

apathy /ˈæpəθi/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  lack of interest or feeling; indifference 无感情；无动于衷；冷漠 [French apathie via Latin apathia from Greek apatheia, from apathēs ‘without feeling’ (as A-1 + pathos ‘suffering’)]

apatite /ˈæpətait/ n.  a mineral consisting of calcium phosphate with other elements, esp. fluorine, used in the manufacture of fertilizers 磷灰石(一种含有磷酸、钙及其他元素的矿石，用于制作肥料) [German Apatit from Greek apatē ‘deceit’ (from its deceptive similarity to other substances)]

apatosaurus /əpætəˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Apatosaurus (formerly Brontosaurus), of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, with a long tail and trunklike legs Also called 亦称作 brontosaurus 雷龙(生活于侏罗纪和白垩纪的一种以植物为食的巨型恐龙，有长尾和粗壮的四肢) [modern Latin, from Greek apatē ‘deceit’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

APB n. US  an all points bulletin [美]详情通报 [abbreviation]

ape /eip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the various primates of the family Pongidae characterized by the absence of a tail, e.g. the gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, and gibbon 猿，类人猿(没有尾的大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩、长臂猿等) 2 (in general use) any monkey (泛指)猴 3  a  an imitator 模仿者b  an apelike person 长得像猿猴的人 ●v. tr.  imitate, mimic 模仿，学…的样 □ go ape  slang  become crazy [俚语]发狂，疯狂 [Old English apa, from Germanic]

apeman /ˈeipmən/ n. (pl. -men)  any of various extinct apelike primates held to be related to present-day humans 猿人

aperient /əˈpiəriənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  laxative 轻泻的，通便的 ●n.  a laxative medicine 轻泻剂，通便药 [Latin aperire aperient- ‘to open’]

aperiodic /ˌeipiəriˈɒdik/ adj.  1  not periodic; irregular 非周期性的；不定期的 2 Physics (of a potentially oscillating or vibrating system, e.g. an instrument with a pointer) that is adequately damped to prevent oscillation or vibration 【物理学】非周期的 3 (of an oscillation or vibration) without a regular period (振动等)非周期的 □ aperiodicity  /-riəˈdisiti/ n.  

aperitif /əˈperiti:f, əperiˈti:f/ n.  an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite (饭前饮用的)开胃酒 [French apéritif via medieval Latin aperitivus from Latin aperire ‘to open’]

aperture /ˈæpətjʊə, -tʃ(ʊ)ə/ n.  1  an opening; a gap 孔，缝隙；缺口 2  a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. a variable opening by which light enters a camera (尤指照相机镜头的)孔径 [Latin apertura (as APERITIF)]

apery /ˈeipəri/ n.  pretentious or silly mimicry 装模作样；(拙劣)模仿

aperçu /æpɛəˈsju:/ n.  1  a summary or survey 摘要，概览 2  an insight 一瞥，一览；洞悉，见识 [French, past part. of apercevoir ‘perceive’]

apetalous /eiˈpet(ə)ləs, ə-/ adj. Bot. (of flowers) having no petals 【植】(花朵)无花瓣的 [modern Latin apetalus from Greek apetalos ‘leafless’, from a- ‘not’ + petalon ‘leaf’]

APEX /ˈeipeks/ abbr. (in the UK) Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer Staff [缩略] (英国)专业人员、高级主管、职员和电脑操作人员协会

Apex /ˈeipeks/ n. (also 亦作 APEX) (often 常作 attrib.)  a system of reduced fares for scheduled airline flights when paid for before a certain period in advance of departure 优惠价机票预订(对飞机起飞前一定时间内付费的定期航班的一套打折办法) [Advance Purchase Excursion]

apex /ˈeipeks/ n. (pl. apexes or apices /ˈeipisi:z/)  1  the highest point 顶点，至高点 2  a climax; a high point of achievement etc. 高潮；(成就等的)顶峰 3  the vertex of a triangle or cone (三角形或锥形的)顶角 4  a tip or pointed end 尖端，尖儿 [Latin, = peak, tip]

apfelstrudel /ˈæpf(ə)lʃtru:d(ə)l/ n.  an originally Austrian confection of flaky pastry filled with spiced apple 薄皮苹果卷(一种源于奥地利的甜点，含有蜜饯苹果馅) [German, from Apfel ‘apple’ + STRUDEL]

aphaeresis /əˈfiərisis/ n.  the omission of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of adder) (语形学上的)词首省略(例如 adder 一词的演化) [Late Latin, from Greek aphairesis (as APO-, haireō ‘take’)]

aphasia /əˈfeiziə/ n. Med.  the loss of ability to understand or express speech, owing to brain damage 【医】(因大脑损伤而导致的)失语症 □ aphasic  adj. & n.   [Greek, from aphatos ‘speechless’ (as A-1 + pha- ‘speak’)]

aphelion /æpˈhi:liən, əˈfi:liən/ n. (pl. aphelia /-liə/)  the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc., at which it is furthest from the sun (opp. 反义 PERIHELION) (symbol 符 Q) 远日点(行星、慧星等轨道上与太阳相距最远的点) [Graecized from modern Latin aphelium, from Greek aph' hēliou ‘from the sun’]

aphesis /ˈæfisis/ n.  the gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word (e.g. of e from esquire to form squire) 非重读词首音的脱落(例如 esquire 的 e 失去后变为 squire) □ aphetic  /əˈfetik/ adj.  □ aphetically  /əˈfetik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek, = letting go (as APO-, hiēmi ‘send’)]

aphid /ˈeifid/ n.  a small homopterous insect of the family Aphididae, feeding by sucking sap from leaves, stems, or roots of plants, e.g. a greenfly, a blackfly 蚜虫(一种靠吮吸植物叶子、主干或根部的汁液为食的同翅类小昆虫，如桃蚜、黑蝇等) [back-formation from aphides: see APHIS]

aphis /ˈeifis/ n. (pl. aphides /-di:z/)  an aphid, esp. of the genus Aphis which includes the greenfly 蚜属昆虫(尤指桃蚜) [modern Latin from Greek, perhaps a misreading (α ø aph for kop kor) of koris ‘bug’]

aphonia /eiˈfəʊniə, ə-/ n. (also 亦作 aphony /ˈæf(ə)ni/) Med.  the loss or absence of the voice through a disease of the larynx or mouth 【医】(由于喉或口疾病引起的)失音(症)，无发音能力 [modern Latin aphonia from Greek, from aphōnos ‘voiceless’ (as A-1 + phōnē ‘voice’)]

aphorism /ˈæfəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a short pithy maxim 格言，警句 2  a brief statement of a principle 箴言 □ aphorist  n.  □ aphoristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ aphoristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.  □ aphorize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French aphorisme or Late Latin from Greek aphorismos ‘definition’, from aphorizō (as APO-, horos ‘boundary’)]

aphrodisiac /æfrəˈdiziæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that arouses sexual desire 激发性欲的，催情的 ●n.  an aphrodisiac drug 春药，催情药 [Greek aphrodisiakos from aphrodisios, from Aphroditē, the name of the Greek goddess of love]

aphyllous /əˈfiləs/ adj. Bot. (of plants) having no leaves 【植】(植物)无叶的 [modern Latin from Greek aphullos (as A-1 + phullon ‘leaf’)]

Apia /æˈpiə,ˈæpiə/ n.  阿皮亚 [西萨摩亚首都]

apian /ˈeipiən/ adj.  of or relating to bees 蜜蜂的 [Latin apianus from apis ‘bee’]

apiary /ˈeipiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where bees are kept 养蜂场 □ apiarist  n.   [Latin apiarium from apis ‘bee’]

apical /ˈeipik(ə)l, ˈæp-/ adj.  of, at, or forming an apex 顶上的，顶点的 [Latin apex apicis: see APEX]

apices pl.  of APEX  

apiculture /ˈeipikʌltʃə/ n.  bee-keeping 养蜂(业) □ apicultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ apiculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [Latin apis ‘bee’, on the pattern of AGRICULTURE]

apiece /əˈpi:s/ adv.  for each one; severally 每个，每份；按单个计算地  had five pounds apiece  每个 5 磅 [A2 + PIECE]

apish /ˈeipiʃ/ adj.  1  of or like an ape 似猿猴的 2  silly; affected 愚蠢的；做作的 □ apishly  adv.  □ apishness  n.  

aplanat /ˈæplənæt/ n.  a reflecting or refracting surface made aplanatic by correction 消球差透镜 [German]

aplanatic /æpləˈnætik/ adj. (of a reflecting or refracting surface) free from spherical aberration (反射或折射表面)无球面像差的 [Greek aplanētos ‘free from error’ (as A-1 + planaō ‘wander’)]

aplasia /əˈpleiziə/ n. Med.  total or partial failure of development of an organ or tissue 【医】发育不全，成形不全 □ aplastic  /əˈplæstik/ adj.   [Greek (as A-1 + plasis ‘formation’)]

aplenty /əˈplenti/ adv.  in plenty 丰富地，大量地

aplomb /əˈplɒm/ n.  assurance; self-confidence 泰然自若；自信 [French, = perpendicularity, from ɑˋ plomb ‘according to a plummet’]

apnoea /æpˈni:ə/ n. (US [美] apnea) Med.  a temporary cessation of breathing 【医】呼吸暂停，窒息 [modern Latin from Greek apnoia, from apnous ‘breathless’]

apo- /ˈæpəʊ/ prefix  1  away from (apogee 远地点) 远，远离 2  separate (apocarpous 心皮离生的) 分，分离 [Greek apo ‘from, away, un-, quite’]

Apoc. abbr. [缩略]  1  Apocalypse (New Testament) 天启，启示(《圣经·新约》) 2  Apocrypha 

apocalypse /əˈpɒkəlips/ n.  1 (作 the Apocalypse)  = REVELATION 3  2  a revelation, esp. of the end of the world (尤指关于世界末日的)天启，启示 3  a grand or violent event resembling those described in the Apocalypse (类似天启中描述的)大动乱；大灾变 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Greek apokalupsis from apokaluptō ‘uncover, reveal’]

apocalyptic /əpɒkəˈliptik/ adj.  1  of or resembling the Apocalypse 启示录的；天启的 2  revelatory, prophetic 启示的，预言的 □ apocalyptically  adv.   [Greek apokaluptikos (as APOCALYPSE)]

apocarpous /æpəˈkɑ:pəs/ adj. Bot. (of ovaries) having distinct carpels not joined together (opp. 反义 SYNCARPOUS) 【植】(子房)心皮离生的 [APO- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

apochromat /ˈæpəkrəmæt/ n.  a lens or lens system that reduces spherical and chromatic aberrations 消球差与色差透镜 □ apochromatic  /-krəˈmætik/ adj.   [APO- + CHROMATIC]

apocope /əˈpɒkəpi/ n.  the omission of a letter or letters at the end of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of curio) (词形态演变过程中的)词尾字母省略(如 curio 一词的演化) [Late Latin from Greek apokopē (as APO-, koptō ‘cut’)]

Apocr. abbr. [缩略]  Apocrypha 

apocrine /ˈæpəkrain, -krin/ adj. Biol. (of a multicellular gland, e.g. the mammary gland) releasing parts of its cells with its secretion 【生】(乳房等多细胞腺体)顶浆分泌的，顶泌的 [APO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

Apocrypha /əˈpɒkrifə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  biblical writings not forming part of the accepted canon. (《圣经》中的)次经，外传 2 (作 apocrypha)  writings or reports not considered genuine 真实性可疑的著作或(报告)，伪作 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin apocrypha (scripta) ‘hidden (writings)’ from Greek apokruphos, from apokruptō ‘hide away’]■Usage 用法说明 The Old Testament Apocrypha include those writings appearing in the Septuagint and Vulgate versions but not in the Hebrew Bible; they are accepted by the Roman Catholic Church as the ‘deuterocanonical’ books. 《圣经·旧约》中的次经包括七十子希腊文本和通俗拉丁文本中的那些篇章，但不包括希伯来文圣经中的内容；它们被罗马天主教视为“正统”经书。 

apocryphal /əˈpɒkrif(ə)l/ adj.  1  of doubtful authenticity (originally of some early Christian texts resembling those of the New Testament) 真实性可疑的(原指某些早期模仿《圣经·新约》的一些基督教故事) 2  invented, mythical 伪造的，杜撰的  an apocryphal story  一个虚构的故事 3  of or belonging to the Apocrypha 次经的；新约外传的

apodal /ˈæpəd(ə)l/ adj. Zool. 【动】  1  without (or with undeveloped) feet 无足的；足部不发达的 2 (of fish) without ventral fins (鱼)无腹鳍的 [obsolete apod ‘apodal creature’ from Greek apous ‘footless’ (as A-1 + pous podos ‘foot’)]

apodictic /æpəˈdiktik/ adj. (also 亦作 apodeictic /-ˈdaiktik/)  1  clearly established 无可置疑的，绝对成立的 2  of clear demonstration 明显表明的 [Latin apodicticus from Greek apodeiktikos (as APO-, deiknumi ‘show’)]

apodosis /əˈpɒdəsis/ n. (pl. apodoses /-ˌsi:z/)  the main (consequent) clause of a conditional sentence (e.g. I would agree in if you asked me I would agree) 结论句(条件句中表示结论的主句) (例如 if you asked me I would agree 句中的 I would agree 部分) [Late Latin, from Greek from apodidōmi ‘give back’ (as APO-, didōmi ‘give’)]

apogee /ˈæpədʒi:/ n.  1  the point in a body's orbit at which it is furthest from the earth (opp. 反义 PERIGEE) 远地点(物体轨道上与地球相距最远的点) 2  the most distant or highest point 最远点；最高点 □ apogean  /æpəˈdʒi:ən/ adj.   [French apogée or modern Latin apogaeum, from Greek apogeion ‘away from earth’ (as APO-, gē ‘earth’)]

apolitical /eipəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  not interested in or concerned with politics 对政治不感兴趣的；不关心政治的

Apollinaris /əpɒliˈnɛəris/ n.  an effervescent mineral water from Apollinarisburg 阿波利纳里斯矿泉水(一种德国产矿泉饮料) [Apollinarisburg in the Rhineland of Germany]

Apollonian /æpəˈləʊniən/ adj.  1  of or relating to Apollo, the Greek and Roman sun-god, patron of music and poetry 阿波罗神的，太阳神的 2  orderly, rational, self-disciplined 有秩序的；理性的；自我约束的 [Latin Apollonius from Greek Apollōnios]

apologetic /əpɒləˈdʒetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  regretfully acknowledging or excusing an offence or failure (对罪行或过失)道歉的，认错的；愧疚的 2  diffident 缺乏自信的，羞怯的 3  of reasoned defence or vindication 辩护的，辩解的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a reasoned defence, esp. of Christianity (尤指对基督教的)辩护 □ apologetically  adv.   [French apologétique via Late Latin apologeticus from Greek apologētikos, from apologeomai ‘speak in defence’]

apologia /æpəˈləʊdʒiə/ n.  a formal defence of one's opinions or conduct (为某人的观点或行为正式作出的)辩解，辩护 [Latin: see APOLOGY]

apologist /əˈpɒlədʒist/ n.  a person who defends something by argument 辩解者，辩护者 [French apologiste from Greek apologizomai ‘render account’, from apologos ‘account’]

apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make an apology; express regret 道歉，致歉；表示愧疚 [Greek apologizomai: see APOLOGIST]

apologue /ˈæpəlɒɡ/ n.  a moral fable 寓言，道德寓言 [French apologue or Latin apologus, from Greek apologos ‘story’ (as APO-, logos ‘discourse’)]

apology /əˈpɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure 道歉，认错；愧疚 2  an assurance that no offence was intended 表明无冒犯之意 3  an explanation or defence 辩解，辩护 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a poor or scanty specimen of 勉强代用品，临时凑合的东西  this apology for a letter  以此权充一封信 [French apologie or Late Latin apologia from Greek (as APOLOGETIC)]

apolune /ˈæpə(ʊ)lu:n/ n.  the point in a body's lunar orbit at which it is furthest from the moon (opp. 反义 PERILUNE) 远月点(某物体的月球轨道上与月球相距最远的点) [APO- + Latin luna ‘moon’, on the pattern of apogee]

apomixis /æpəˈmiksis/ n. (pl. apomixes /-si:z/) Biol.  asexual reproduction, esp. agamospermy (cf. 参见 AMPHIMIXIS) 【生】(尤指不完全)无性生殖，无配生殖 □ apomictic  adj.   [modern Latin (as APO- + Greek mixis ‘mingling’)]

apophthegm /ˈæpəθem/ n. (US also [美亦] apothegm)  a terse saying or maxim, an aphorism 格言，箴言 □ apophthegmatic  /-θeɡˈmætik/ adj.   [French apophthegme or modern Latin apothegma from Greek apophthegma -matos, from apophtheggomai ‘speak out’]

apoplectic /æpəˈplektik/ adj.  1  of, causing, suffering, or liable to apoplexy 中风的；引起中风的；患中风的；易患中风的 2 colloq.  enraged [口]狂怒的 □ apoplectically  adv.   [French apoplectique or Late Latin apoplecticus from Greek apoplēktikos, from apoplēssō ‘strike completely’ (as APO-, plēssō ‘strike’)]

apoplexy /ˈæpəpleksi/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  = STROKEn. 2  2 colloq.  a rush of extreme emotion, esp. anger [口]感情极度冲动(尤指发怒) [Middle English via Old French apoplexie and Late Latin apoplexia from Greek apoplēxia (as APOPLECTIC)]

apoptosis /æpəpˈtəʊsis/ n. Biol.  the controlled death of cells as part of an organism's normal growth, development, etc. 【生】(在有机体生长发育过程中细胞的)受控死亡 □ apoptotic  /-ˈtɒtik/ adj.   [Greek apoptōsis ‘falling off’ (as APO- + PTOSIS)]

aporia /əˈpɔ:riə, əˈpɒriə/ n.  1 Rhet.  an expression of doubt 【修】疑惑，表示怀疑 2  a doubtful matter; a perplexing difficulty 疑难点；困惑点 [Late Latin from Greek, from aporos ‘impassable’ (as A-1 + poros ‘passage’)]

aposematic /ˌæpəʊsiˈmætik/ adj. Zool. (of coloration, markings, etc.) serving to warn or repel predators 【动】(颜色、标记等对侵食动物)警戒(或驱赶)的，起警告(或驱赶)作用的 [APO- + Greek sēma sēmatos ‘sign’]

apostasy /əˈpɒstəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  renunciation of a belief or faith, esp. religious (尤指宗教上的)变节，背叛 2  abandonment of principles or of a party 脱党，叛党 3  an instance of apostasy 变节(叛教或脱党)事例 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and NT Greek apostasia from apostasis ‘defection’ (as APO-, stat- ‘stand’)]

apostate /ˈæpəsteit/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who renounces a belief, adherence, etc. 变节者；叛教者 ●adj.  engaged in apostasy 变节的；叛教的 □ apostatical  /æpəˈstætik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French apostate or ecclesiastical Latin apostata from Greek apostatēs ‘deserter’ (as APOSTASY)]

apostatize /əˈpɒstətaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  renounce a former belief, adherence, etc. 放弃信仰，变节；叛教；叛党 [medieval Latin apostatizare from apostata: see APOSTATE]

a posteriori /ei, ɑ:, pɒˌsteriˈɔ:rai, pɒˌstiə-/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (of reasoning) inductive, empirical; proceeding from effects to causes (推理)归纳的；凭经验的；由结果追溯到原因的 ●adv.  inductively, empirically; from effects to causes (opp. 反义词 A PRIORI) 归纳地；凭经验地；从结果到原因地 [Latin, = from what comes after]

apostle /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ n.  1  a (作 Apostle)  each of the twelve chief disciples of Jesus Christ 使徒(指耶稣基督的十二门徒)b  any of a number of early Christian teachers ranked with these, esp. St Paul 早期基督教传教士(尤指圣保罗)c  the first successful Christian missionary in a country or to a people (在某一国或某一民族的)第一个传教士 2  a leader or outstanding figure, esp. of a reform movement (尤指改革运动的)领导者，倡导者；杰出人物  apostle of temperance  戒酒运动的倡导者 3  a messenger or representative 信使，代表 □ apostleship  n.   [Old English apostol via ecclesiastical Latin apostolus from Greek apostolos ‘messenger’ (as APO-, stellō ‘send forth’)]

apostle-bird n.  any of various Australian birds, forming flocks of about a dozen 使徒鸟(产于澳大利亚，常十二只左右结成一群)

Apostles' Creed n.  an early form of the Christian creed, traditionally ascribed to the Apostles 使徒信经(早期基督教信仰纲要，据传是十二使徒所订)

apostolate /əˈpɒstəleit/ n.  1  the position or authority of an Apostle 使徒地位(或权力) 2  leadership in reform (改革运动的)领导地位，倡导地位 [ecclesiastical Latin apostolatus (as APOSTLE)]

apostolic /æpəˈstɒlik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Apostles 使徒的；有关使徒的 2  of the Pope regarded as the successor of St Peter (被视为圣彼得继承者的)教皇的 3  of the character of an Apostle 使徒品格的 [French apostolique or ecclesiastical Latin apostolicus, from Greek apostolikos (as APOSTLE)]

Apostolic Fathers n. pl.  the Christian leaders immediately succeeding the Apostles 使徒教父，使徒后期教父(紧接十二使徒之后的基督教领袖)

apostolic succession n.  the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops 使徒传接，使徒统绪(指基督使徒以来经由历代教皇和主教的神权传递)

apostrophe1 /əˈpɒstrəfi/ n. a punctuation mark used to indicate (标点符号)撇号，用于表示 :  1  the omission of letters or numbers (e.g. 例如 can't; he's; 1 Jan. '92) 省略字母或数字 2  the possessive case (e.g. 例如 Harry's book 亨利的书 ; boys' coats 男孩的外衣) 所有格 [French apostrophe or Late Latin apostrophus from Greek apostrophos ‘accent of elision’, from apostrephō ‘turn away’ (as APO-, strephō ‘turn’)]

apostrophe2 /əˈpɒstrəfi/ n.  an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem, addressed to a person (often dead or absent) or thing (often personified) (对已死去或不在场的人或拟人化的事物的)呼语，顿呼 □ apostrophize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin from Greek, literally ‘turning away’ (as APOSTROPHE1)]

apothecaries' measure n. (also 亦作 apothecaries' weight) hist.  units of weight and liquid volume formerly used in pharmacy (12 ounces = one pound; 20 fluid ounces = one pint) [史义]药衡制重量单位 (12 盎司等于 1 磅； 20 液量盎司等于 1 品脱)

apothecary /əˈpɒθik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic  a chemist licensed to dispense medicines and drugs [古义]药剂师，药师 [Middle English via Old French apotecaire, Late Latin apothecarius, and Latin apotheca from Greek apothēkē ‘storehouse’]

apothegm US var.  of APOPHTHEGM [美] APOPHTHEGM 的变体

apothem /ˈæpəθem/ n. Geom.  a line from the centre of a regular polygon at right angles to any of its sides 【几】(多边形的)边心距离 [Greek apotithēmi ‘put aside’ (as APO-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

apotheosis /əpɒθiˈəʊsis/ n. (pl. apotheoses /-si:z/)  1  elevation to divine status; deification 升格为神，尊奉为圣；神格化 2  a glorification of a thing; a sublime example 颂扬，美化；完美的典范  apotheosis of the dance  舞蹈的美化 3  a deified ideal 神圣的理想 [ecclesiastical Latin, from Greek apotheoō ‘make a god of’ (as APO-, theos ‘god’)]

apotheosize /əˈpɒθiəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make divine; deify 尊为神；封神 2  idealize, glorify 使理想化；使神圣化

apotropaic /æpətrəˈpeiik/ adj.  supposedly having the power to avert an evil influence or bad luck 据说有辟邪作用的 [Greek apotropaios (as APO-, trepō ‘turn’)]

app /æp/ n. esp. N. Amer. Computing [尤北美]【计算】  application  [abbreviation]

appal /əˈpɔ:l/ v. tr. (US [美] appall) (appalled, appalling)  1  greatly dismay or horrify 使沮丧，使胆寒 2 (as 作 appalling adj.) colloq.  shocking; unpleasant; bad [口]可怕的，不愉快的；糟糕的 □ appallingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French apalir ‘grow pale’]

Appaloosa /æpəˈlu:sə/ n.  1  a horse of a N. American breed having dark spots on a light background 阿帕卢萨马(北美的一种有黑斑点的马) 2  this breed 此品种 [Opelousas in Louisiana, or Palouse, a river in Idaho]

appanage var.  of APANAGE  APANAGE 的变体

apparat /æpəˈrɑ:t/ n. esp. hist.  the administrative system of a Communist party, esp. in a Communist country [尤史义] (尤指共产党国家内共产党的)行政管理体系，统治机器 [Russian from German, = apparatus]

apparatchik /æpəˈrætʃik/ n. (pl. apparatchiks or apparatchiki /-ˌki:/)  1  a esp. hist.  a member of a Communist apparat [尤史义]共产党组织机构的官员b  a Communist agent or spy 共产党特工(或间谍) 2  a  a member of a political party in any country who executes policy; a zealous functionary (任何国家的)政党工作人员；工作狂热的职员b  an official of a public or private organization 公职(或私人机构的)官员 [Russian: see APPARAT]

apparatus /æpəˈreitəs/ n.  1  the equipment needed for a particular purpose or function, esp. scientific or technical (尤指科技)器械，器具；设备；装置；仪器 2  a political or other complex organization 政治组织；复杂的组织 3 Anat.  the organs used to perform a particular process 【解】器官 4 (in full 全称 apparatus criticus /ˈkritikəs/)  a collection of variants and annotations accompanying a printed text and usu. appearing below it (书中所附的)参考资料，供评论研究的资料 [Latin, from apparare apparat- ‘make ready for’]

apparel /əˈpær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 US or formal  clothing, dress [美] [正式]衣服，服饰 2  embroidered ornamentation on some ecclesiastical vestments (一些神职人员服装上的)刺绣装饰物 ●v. tr. (apparelled, apparelling; US [美] appareled, appareling) archaic  clothe [古义]给…穿衣服 [Middle English aparailen, in the sense ‘make ready or fit’, from Old French apareillier, ultimately from Latin par ‘equal’]

apparent /əˈpær(ə)nt/ adj.  1  readily visible or perceivable 明显的，显然的 2  seeming 表面上的，貌似的 □ apparently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French aparant from Latin (as APPEAR)]

apparent horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1b. 

apparent magnitude n.  the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as seen from the earth (opp. 反义 ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE) 目视星体亮度(指从地球上所见的某个星体的亮度)

apparent time n.  solar time (see 见 SOLAR adj.) 太阳时

apparition /æpəˈriʃ(ə)n/ n.  a sudden or dramatic appearance, esp. of a ghost or phantom; a visible ghost (尤指鬼或特异景象的)闪现，显形；幽灵，幻影 [Middle English from French apparition or from Latin apparitio ‘attendance’ (as APPEAR)]

appeal /əˈpi:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make an earnest or formal request; plead 请求，恳求；呼吁  appealed for calm  请求肃静 appealed to us not to leave  请求我们不要离开 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be attractive or of interest; be pleasing 对…有吸引力；投其所好 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  resort to or cite for support 求助，诉请 4 Law 【法律】  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  apply (to a higher court) for a reconsideration of the decision of a lower court (向更高一级法庭)上诉b tr.  refer to a higher court to review (a case) 提交上一级法院复核(某案件)c intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  apply to a higher court to reconsider (a verdict or sentence) 提交上一级法院复审(某判决或判刑) 5 intr. Cricket  call on the umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out 【板球】诉诸裁判(判定击球手是否出局) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of appealing 请求，恳求 2  a formal or urgent request for public support, esp. financial, for a cause (尤指对某事业请求资助的)呼吁，求助 3 Law  the referral of a case to a higher court 【法律】上诉，上报(案例) 4  attractiveness; appealing quality 吸引力；魅力；感染力  sex appeal  性吸引力 □ appealer  n.   [Middle English via Old French apel, apeler from Latin appellare ‘to address’]

appealable /əˈpi:ləb(ə)l/ adj. Law (of a case) that can be referred to a higher court for review 【法律】(案件)可上诉的

appealing /əˈpi:liŋ/ adj.  attractive, likeable 有吸引力的；引起兴趣的 □ appealingly  adv.  

appear /əˈpiə/ v. intr.  1  become or be visible 出现，显现 2  be evident 显著，显露  a new problem then appeared  新问题于是显露出来 3  seem; have the appearance of being 似乎；看来好像  appeared unwell  似乎不舒服 you appear to be right  你好像对了 4  present oneself publicly or formally, esp. on stage or as the accused or counsel in a law court 露面；出演；出庭 5  be published 出版，登载  it appeared in the papers  这事见报了 a new edition will appear  新的一版即将出版 [Middle English via Old French apareir from Latin apparēre apparit- ‘come in sight’]

appearance /əˈpiər(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of appearing 出现，显现 2  an outward form as perceived (whether correctly or not), esp. visually 外貌，外表，样子  smartened up his appearance  使他的外表显得神采奕奕 gives an appearance of scalded skin  外表看来是皮肤烫伤 3  a semblance 表象，伪装  lend an appearance of legitimacy  给人以合法的表象 □ keep up appearances   maintain an impression or pretence of virtue, affluence, etc. 假装，装作(高尚、富有等)□ make (or put in) an appearance   be present, esp. briefly (尤指短暂)出席，露面□ to all appearances   as far as can be seen; apparently 就外表看来；显然 [Middle English via Old French aparance, -ence from Late Latin apparentia (as APPEAR, -ANCE)]

appease /əˈpi:z/ v. tr.  1  make calm or quiet, esp. conciliate (a potential aggressor) by making concessions 平息，安抚；(尤指通过作出让步)姑息，绥靖(可能的入侵者) 2  satisfy (an appetite, scruples) 使(胃口)满足；使(顾虑)消除 □ appeasement  n.  □ appeaser  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French apeser, Old French apaisier from ɑˋ ‘to’ + pais PEACE]

appellant /əˈpel(ə)nt/ n. Law  a person who appeals to a higher court 【法律】上诉人 [Middle English from French (as APPEAL, -ANT)]

appellate /əˈpelət/ adj. Law (esp. of a court) concerned with or dealing with appeals 【法律】(尤指法庭)上诉的；受理上诉的 [Latin appellatus (as APPEAL, -ATE2)]

appellation /æpəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  a name or title; nomenclature [正式]名称，称呼 [Middle English via Old French from Latin appellatio -onis (as APPEAL, -ATION)]

appellation contrôlée /æpəˌleisjɒn kənˈtrɒlei, 法 apɛlasjɔ˜ kɔ˜trole/ n. (also 亦作 appellation d'origine /dɔriʒin/ contrôlée)  a guarantee of the description of a bottle of French wine or of a foodstuff as to its origin, in conformity with statutory regulations (法国葡萄酒或食品上依据法律规定有关其产地介绍的)保证说明 [French, = controlled appellation]

appellative /əˈpelətiv/ adj.  1  naming 名称的，通称的 2 Gram. (of a noun) that designates a class; common 【语法】(名词)类的；普通名词的 [Late Latin appellativus (as APPEAL, -ATIVE)]

append /əˈpend/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  attach, affix, add, esp. to a written document etc. (尤指在书面文件后)附加，添加 [Latin appendere ‘hang’]

appendage /əˈpendidʒ/ n.  1  something attached; an addition 附属物，添加物 2 Zool.  a leg or other projecting part of an arthropod 【动】(节肢动物的)附属肢体

appendant /əˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  attached in a subordinate capacity 附属的，附加的 ●n.  an appendant person or thing 随从；附属品 [Old French apendant from apendre (as APPEND, -ANT)]

appendectomy /æp(ə)nˈdektəmi/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] appendicectomy /əpendiˈsektəmi/) (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the appendix 阑尾切除(术) [APPENDIX + -ECTOMY]

appendicitis /əpendiˈsaitis/ n.  inflammation of the appendix 阑尾炎 [APPENDIX + -ITIS]

appendix /əˈpendiks/ n. (pl. appendices /-si:z/; appendixes)  1 (in full 全称 vermiform appendix) Anat.  a small outgrowth of tissue forming a tube-shaped sac attached to the lower end of the large intestine 【解】阑尾，盲肠 2  subsidiary matter at the end of a book or document (书或文件末尾的)附录，附件 [Latin appendix -icis from appendere APPEND]

apperceive /æpəˈsi:v/ v. tr.  1  be conscious of perceiving 感知，认识 2 Psychol.  compare (a perception) to previously held ideas so as to extract meaning from it 【心】(根据以往经验)统觉理解(新观念)，统觉 □ apperception  /-ˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ apperceptive  /-ˈseptiv/ adj.   [Middle English (in obsolete sense ‘observe’) from Old French aperceveir, ultimately from Latin percipere PERCEIVE]

appertain /æpəˈtein/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  relate 与…有关联 2  belong as a possession or right 属于；拥有 3  be appropriate 适当，合适于 [Middle English via Old French apertenir and Late Latin appertinēre from Latin pertinēre PERTAIN]

appetence /ˈæpit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 appetency /-(ə)nsi/) (pl. -ces or -cies) (foll. by 后跟 for)  longing or desire 渴望；欲望，愿望 [French appétence or Latin appetentia, from appetere ‘seek after’]

appetite /ˈæpitait/ n.  1  a natural desire to satisfy bodily needs, esp. for food or sexual activity 胃口，食欲；性欲 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  an inclination or desire 欲望；倾向；趣味 □ appetitive  /əˈpetitiv/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French apetit from Latin appetitus, from appetere ‘seek after’]

appetizer /ˈæpitaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  a small amount, esp. of food or drink, to stimulate an appetite 开胃食品，开胃饮料 [appetize (back-formation from APPETIZING)]

appetizing /ˈæpitaiziŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 -ising)  stimulating an appetite, esp. for food 开胃的，促进食欲的 □ appetizingly  adv.   [French appétissant, irregular formation from appétit (as APPETITE)]

applaud /əˈplɔ:d/ v.  1 intr.  express strong approval or praise, esp. by clapping (尤指拍手)喝彩；称赞 2 tr.  express approval of (a person or action) verbally or by clapping 用语言或鼓掌(对某人或行动)表示赞同 [Latin applaudere applaus- ‘clap hands’]

applause /əˈplɔ:z/ n.  1  an expression of approbation, esp. from an audience etc. by clapping (尤指观众等)鼓掌，喝彩 2  emphatic approval 赞许，赞同 [medieval Latin applausus (as APPLAUD)]

apple /ˈæp(ə)l/ n.  1  the fruit of a tree of the genus Malus, rounded in form and with a crisp flesh 苹果 2 (in full 全称 apple tree)  the tree bearing this 苹果树 □ apple of one's eye  (prec. by 前接 the)  a cherished person or thing 珍爱的人(或物)；掌上明珠□ she's apples  Austral. slang  everything is fine [澳] [俚语]一切都好□ upset the apple-cart   spoil careful plans 破坏了精心安排的计划 [Old English œppel, from Germanic]

apple-cheeked adj.  having round rosy cheeks 面颊圆而红润的

applejack /ˈæp(ə)ldʒæk/ n. N. Amer.  a spirit distilled from fermented apple juice [北美]苹果白兰地，苹果酒 [APPLE + JACK1]

apple-pie bed n.  a bed made (as a joke) with the sheets folded short, so that the legs cannot be accommodated 苹果派床，苹果馅饼式床(即铺床时开玩笑将被单叠得很短，使睡觉人的腿伸在外面)

apple-pie order n.  perfect order; extreme neatness 井然有序；非常整洁

appliance /əˈplaiəns/ n.  a device or piece of equipment used for a specific task, esp. a machine for domestic use (用于特定目的、尤指家用的)器具，器械 [APPLY + -ANCE]

applicable /əˈplikəb(ə)l, ˈæplik-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  that may be applied 可应用的，适用的 2  having reference; appropriate 适用的；适当的 □ applicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ applicably  adv.   [Old French applicable or medieval Latin applicabilis (as APPLY, -ABLE)]

applicant /ˈæplik(ə)nt/ n.  a person who applies for something, esp. a job (尤指工作)申请者 [APPLICATION + -ANT]

application /æpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of applying, esp. medicinal ointment to the skin 施用，敷用(尤指给皮肤敷用药膏) 2  a formal request, usu. in writing, for employment, membership, etc. (书面正式)申请(工作、加入组织等) 3  a  relevance 实用性；适用性b  the use to which something can or should be put 用途，用法 4  sustained or concentrated effort; diligence 专注；勤奋 [Middle English via Old French from Latin applicatio -onis (as APPLY, -ATION)]

application program n.  a computer program designed and written to fulfil a particular purpose of the user (计算机的)应用程序

applicator /ˈæplikeitə/ n.  a device for applying a substance to a surface, esp. the skin, or for inserting something into a cavity, esp. into the body 涂抹器(尤指涂于皮肤表面)；插入器(尤指插入体腔) [APPLICATION + -OR1]

applied /əˈplaid/ adj. (of a subject of study) put to practical use as opposed to being theoretical (cf. 参见 PURE adj. 9) (指某一学科)应用的；实用的

applied mathematics  see 见 MATHEMATICS 

appliqué /əˈpli:kei/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  ornamental work in which fabric is cut out and attached, usu. sewn, to the surface of another fabric to form pictures or patterns (织物上的)布贴装饰，嵌花图案 ●adj.  executed in appliqué 贴花的，嵌花的 ●v. tr. (appliqués, appliquéd, appliquéing)  decorate with appliqué; make using appliqué technique 用贴花(或嵌花)装饰；采用贴花(或嵌花)技术 [French, past part. of appliquer ‘apply’ from Latin applicare: see APPLY]

apply /əˈplai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to, or to + infin.)  make a formal request for something to be done, given, etc. 申请，请求  apply for a job  申请工作 apply for help to the governors  向地方长官请求帮助 applied to be sent overseas  申请派驻海外 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have relevance 适用，适合  does not apply in this case  不适用本情况 3 tr.  a  make use of as relevant or suitable; employ 应用；使用  apply the rules  应用规则b  operate 启用，采用  apply the handbrake  采用手刹 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  put or spread on 涂，抹，敷  applied the ointment to the cut  将药膏涂在伤口上b  administer 施行，施用  applied the remedy  施行修补 applied common sense to the problem  用常识解决此问题 5 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  devote oneself 致力于；专注于  applied myself to the task  使我自己专注于该任务 □ applier  n.   [Middle English via Old French aplier from Latin applicare ‘fold, fasten to’]

appoggiatura /əpɒdʒəˈtʊərə/ n. Mus.  a grace note performed before an essential note of a melody and normally taking half its time value 【音】倚音(一种装饰音) [Italian, = lean upon, rest]

appoint /əˈpɔint/ v. tr.  1  assign a post or office to 任命，委派  appoint him governor  任命他为总督 appoint him to govern  委派他去管辖 appointed to the post  委以该职 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fix, decide on (a time, place, etc.) 确定，决定(时间、地点等)  Wednesday was appointed for the meeting  定于星期三开会 8.30 was the appointed time  定的时间是 8 点 30 分 3  prescribe; ordain 指定，规定  Holy Writ appointed by the Church  教会规定的神圣文书 4 Law 【法律】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  declare the destination of (property etc.) 处置(财产等)b  declare (a person) as having an interest in property etc. 指定(某人)为财产等的受益人  Jones was appointed in the will  遗嘱中琼斯被指定为受益人 5 (as 作 appointed adj.)  equipped, furnished 装备的，提供设施的  a badly appointed hotel  设施糟糕的旅店 □ appointee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ appointer  n.  □ appointive  adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)   [Middle English from Old French apointer, from ɑˋ point ‘to a point’]

appointment /əˈpɔintm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an arrangement to meet at a specific time and place 约定(时间、地点)，约会 2  a  a post or office available for applicants, or recently filled (候选人待定或刚确定的)职位，职务  took up the appointment on Monday  星期一就职b  a person appointed 选定的人，人选 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  furniture, fittings 家具，陈设；装备b  equipment 设备 [Middle English from Old French apointement (as APPOINT, -MENT)]

apport /əˈpɔ:t/ n.  1  the production of material objects by supposedly occult means at a seance (降神会上通过神秘魔法变出的)物体显形 2  an object so produced 显形物体 [Middle English, in the sense ‘something brought’, from Old French aport from aporter, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + porter ‘bring’]

apportion /əˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  share out; assign as a share 分配；分摊，分派 □ apportionable  adj.   [French apportionner or medieval Latin apportionare (as AD-, PORTION)]

apportionment /əˈpɔ:ʃənm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of apportioning 分配；分摊，分派 2 US  the determination of the proportional number of members each state sends to the House of Representatives (based on population figures) [美] (各州按人口数量分配给众议院的)议员名额分配

apposite /ˈæpəzit/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  apt; well chosen 适当的，得当的 2  well expressed 充分表达的，得体的 □ appositely  adv.  □ appositeness  n.   [Latin appositus past part. of apponere (as AD-, ponere ‘put’)]

apposition /æpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  placing side by side; juxtaposition 并置，并列 2 Gram.  the placing of a word next to another, esp. the addition of one noun to another, in order to qualify or explain the first (e.g. 例如 William the Conqueror 征服者威廉 ; my friend Sue 我的朋友苏) 【语法】(词语的)同位关系；同位语 □ appositional  adj.   [Middle English from French apposition or Late Latin appositio (as APPOSITE, -ITION)]

appraisal /əˈpreiz(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of appraising 估量；估价 2  a formal evaluation of the performance of an employee over a particular period (对雇员一定期间内工作的)正式评估，评价

appraise /əˈpreiz/ v. tr.  1  estimate the value or quality of 评价，评估  appraised her skills  评估她的技能 2 (esp. of an official valuer) set a price on; value (尤指官方估价员)定价；估价 3  evaluate the performance of (an employee) formally (正式)评估(雇员的工作表现) □ appraisable  adj.  □ appraisee  /-ˈzi:/ n.  □ appraiser  n.  □ appraisingly  adv.  □ appraisive  adj.   [from APPRIZE, by assimilation to PRAISE]

appreciable /əˈpri:ʃəb(ə)l, -ʃiə-/ adj.  large enough to be noticed; significant; considerable (大得)可以看到(或注意到)的；意义重大的；相当可观的  appreciable progress has been made  有了可观的进步 □ appreciably  adv.   [French, from apprécier (as APPRECIATE)]

appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr.  a  esteem highly; value 欣赏，赞赏b  be grateful for 感谢，感激  we appreciate your sympathy  我们感谢你的同情c  be sensitive to 鉴别，鉴赏  appreciate the nuances  鉴别细微差异 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  understand; recognize 了解，领会；认识到  I appreciate that I may be wrong  我认识到我可能错了 3  a intr. (of property etc.) rise in value (财产等)升值b tr.  raise in value 增值 □ appreciative  /-ʃ(i)ətiv/ adj.  □ appreciatively  /-ʃətivli/ adv.  □ appreciativeness  /-ʃətivnis/ n.  □ appreciator  n.  □ appreciatory  /-ʃ(i)ət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin appretiare ‘appraise’ (as AD-, pretium ‘price’)]

appreciation /əpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  1  favourable or grateful recognition 欣赏，赞赏 2  an estimation or judgement; sensitive understanding of or reaction to 评判；鉴赏；鉴别  a quick appreciation of the problem  对问题的迅速评判 3  an increase in value 增值，升值 4  a (usu. favourable) review of a book, film, etc. (对书、电影等通常为赞赏性的)评论，评介 [French, from Late Latin appretiatio -onis (as APPRECIATE, -ATION)]

apprehend /æpriˈhend/ v. tr.  1  understand, perceive 理解；领悟，领会  apprehend your meaning  理解你的意思 2  seize, arrest 拘捕，逮捕  apprehended the criminal  拘捕罪犯 3  anticipate with uneasiness or fear 忐忑不安地期待；忧虑，担忧  apprehending the results  对结果担忧 [French appréhender or Latin apprehendere (as AD-, prehendere prehens- ‘lay hold of’)]

apprehensible /æpriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being apprehended by the senses or the intellect 可理解的；可领会的  an apprehensible theory  可理解的理论 an apprehensible change in her expression  她的表情中可以看出的变化 □ apprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin apprehensibilis (as APPREHEND, -IBLE)]

apprehension /æpriˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  uneasiness; a sense of foreboding 忧虑不安，担忧；预感 2  understanding, grasp 理解，领悟 3  arrest, capture 逮捕；抓获  apprehension of the suspect  抓获嫌疑犯 4  an idea; a conception 想法，看法 [French appréhension or Late Latin apprehensio (as APPREHEND, -ION)]

apprehensive /æpriˈhensiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, of, for)  uneasily fearful; anxious 忧虑的，不安的 2  relating to perception by the senses or the intellect 理解的，领悟的 3 archaic  perceptive; intelligent [古义]有理解力的；聪明的 □ apprehensively  adv.  □ apprehensiveness  n.   [French appréhensif or medieval Latin apprehensivus (as APPREHEND, -IVE)]

apprentice /əˈprentis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who is learning a trade by being employed in it for an agreed period at low wages 学徒，徒弟 2  a beginner; a novice 初学者；新手 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  engage or bind as an apprentice 使当学徒  was apprenticed to a builder  给一个建筑商当学徒 2 intr. N. Amer.  serve as an apprentice [北美]做学徒工  she apprenticed at a hairdresser's  她在一家发廊做学徒工 □ apprenticeship  n.   [Middle English from Old French aprentis, from apprendre ‘learn’ (as APPREHEND), on the pattern of words ending in -tis, -tif, from Latin -tivus: see -IVE]

apprise /əˈpraiz/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  inform 通知，告知 □ be apprised of   be aware of 意识到，注意到 [French appris -ise, past part. of apprendre ‘learn, teach’ (as APPREHEND)]

apprize /əˈpraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) archaic [古义]  1  esteem highly 尊重，敬重 2  appraise 评价，鉴定 [Middle English from Old French aprisier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + pris PRICE]

appro /ˈæprəʊ/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]   □ on appro   = on approval (see 见 APPROVAL)  [abbreviation of approval or approbation]

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  come near or nearer to (a place or time) 接近，靠近(某一地点或时刻) 2 intr.  come near or nearer in space or time (在空间或时间上)迫近，临近  the hour approaches  时间渐近 3 tr.  make a tentative proposal or suggestion to 找…商量，向…洽谈  approached me about a loan  找我商量贷款的事 4 tr.  a  be similar in character, quality, etc., to (在品格、性质等方面)近似，近于  doesn't approach her for artistic skill  在艺术技巧上与她不相似b  approximate to 约等于，接近于  a population approaching 5 million  接近于 500 万的人口 5 tr.  attempt to influence or bribe 试图影响(或贿赂) 6 tr.  set about (a task etc.) 着手，开始(工作等) 7 intr. Golf  play an approach shot 【高尔夫球】打临近球 8 intr. Aeron.  prepare to land 【空】准备降落 9 tr. archaic  bring near [古义]使靠近 ●n.  1  an act or means of approaching 接近，靠近；入口，门径  made an approach  走近前去 an approach lined with trees  两旁栽有树的门径 2  an approximation 近似(值)  an approach to an apology  近似于道歉 3  a way of dealing with a person or thing 方法，途径  needs a new approach  需要一种新方法 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a sexual advance (性方面的)亲近 5 Golf  a stroke from the fairway to the green 【高尔夫球】(从平坦球道击向球洞区的)接近球 6 Aeron.  the final part of a flight before landing 【空】(降落前的)最后飞行 7 Bridge  a bidding method with a gradual advance to a final contract 【桥牌】渐近叫牌法 [Middle English via Old French aproch(i)er from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare ‘draw near’ (as AD-, propius, comparative of prope ‘near’)]

approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  friendly; easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的；可亲近的 2  able to be approached 可以接近的 □ approachability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

approach road n. Brit.  a road by which traffic enters a motorway [英] (进入高速公路的)引道，匝道

approbate /ˈæprəbeit/ v. tr. US  approve formally; sanction [美] (正式)批准，核准；认可 [Middle English from Latin approbare (as AD-, probare ‘test’ from probus ‘good’)]

approbation /æprəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  approval, consent 批准；赞成，赞同 □ approbative  /ˈæprəbeitiv/ adj.  □ approbatory  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin approbatio -onis (as APPROBATE, -ATION)]

appropriate adj. & v. ●adj. /əˈprəʊpriət/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  1  suitable or proper 适当的，合适的 2 formal  belonging or particular [正式]专属的，特定的 ●v. tr. /əˈprəʊprieit/  1  take possession of, esp. without authority 侵吞；挪用，盗用 2  devote (money etc.) to special purposes 拨出(款项等)供专用 □ appropriately  adv.  □ appropriateness  n.  □ appropriation  /əprəʊpriˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ appropriator  /-eitə/ n.   [Late Latin appropriatus, past part. of appropriare (as AD-, proprius ‘own’)]

approval /əˈpru:v(ə)l/ n.  1  the act of approving 批准，核准；认可 2  an instance of this; consent; a favourable opinion 批准事项；赞同，赞成；赞赏  with your approval  经你的批准 looked at him with approval  用赞赏的目光看着他 □ on approval  (of goods supplied) to be returned if not satisfactory (供应的货物)不满意即可退回的

approve /əˈpru:v/ v.  1 tr.  confirm; sanction 批准，核准；同意  approved his application  同意他的申请 2 intr.  give or have a favourable opinion 赞成，称许 3 tr.  commend 称赞，推荐  approved the new hat  称赞那顶新帽子 4 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.) archaic  demonstrate oneself to be [古义]证实，证明(自己)为  approved himself a coward  证明他自己是个懦夫 □ approve of   pronounce or consider good or satisfactory; commend 称赞，赞同；满意□ approvingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French aprover from Latin (as APPROBATE)]

approved school n. Brit. hist.  a residential place of training for young offenders [英史义]少年犯教养院，工读学校

approx. abbr. [缩略]  1  approximate  2  approximately 

approximate adj. & v. ●adj. /əˈprɒksimət/  1  fairly correct or accurate; near to the actual 约莫的，大概的；近似的  the approximate time of arrival  抵达的大概时间 an approximate guess  约略估计 2  near or next 邻近的，靠近的  your approximate neighbour  你的近邻 ●v. tr. & intr. /əˈprɒksimeit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bring or come near (esp. in quality, number, etc.), but not exactly 使(质量、数量等)接近  approximates to the truth  接近事实 approximates the amount required  接近需求量 □ approximately  /-mətli/ adv.  □ approximation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin approximatus, past part. of approximare (as AD-, proximus ‘very near’)]

appurtenance /əˈpɜ:t(i)nəns/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a belonging; an appendage; an accessory 附属物；附带的东西；附件；配件 [Middle English from Anglo-French apurtenaunce, Old French apertenance (as APPERTAIN, -ANCE)]

appurtenant /əˈpɜ:t(i)nənt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  belonging or appertaining; pertinent 附属的；附带的；有关的 [Middle English from Old French apartenant pres. part. (as APPERTAIN)]

APR abbr.  annual or annualized percentage rate (esp. of interest on loans or credit) [缩略]年利率(尤指贷款或信贷)

Apr. abbr. [缩略]  April 

apricot /ˈeiprikɒt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a juicy soft fruit, smaller than a peach, of an orange-yellow colour 杏子b (in full 全称 apricot tree)  the tree, Prunus armeniaca, bearing it 杏树 2  the ripe fruit's orange-yellow colour 杏黄色 ●adj.  of an orange-yellow colour 杏黄色的  apricot dress  杏黄色连衣裙 [Portuguese albricoque or Spanish albaricoque via Arabic al ‘the’ + barkuk and late Greek praikokion from Latin praecoquum, variant of praecox ‘early-ripe’: apri- influenced by Latin apricus ‘ripe’, -cot by French abricot]

April /ˈeipr(i)l/ n.  the fourth month of the year 四月 [Middle English from Latin Aprilis]

April Fool n.  a person successfully tricked on 1 April 在愚人节被愚弄的人

April Fool's Day n. (also 亦作 April Fools' Day, All Fools' Day) 1 April 愚人节 (4 月 1 日)

a priori /ei praiˈɔ:rai, ɑ: priˈɔ:ri/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (of reasoning) deductive; proceeding from causes to effects (opp. 反义 A POSTERIORI) (指推理)演绎的，由原因推及结果的 2 (of concepts, knowledge, etc.) logically independent of experience; not derived from experience (opp. 反义 EMPIRICAL) (指概念、知识等)逻辑上不依赖于经验的；非经验的 3  not submitted to critical investigation 未经批判性审查的，臆测的  an a priori conjecture  臆测的判断 ●adv.  1  in an a priori manner 用演绎方法；先验地 2  as far as one knows; presumptively 根据(某人)所知；基于假定地 □ apriorism  /eiˈpraiəriz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin, = from what is before]

apron /ˈeipr(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a garment covering and protecting the front of a person's clothes, either from chest or waist level, and tied at the back 围裙，围腰b  official clothing of this kind 似围裙的正式服装  bishop's apron  主教服c  anything resembling an apron in shape or function 任何形状或作用类似围裙的东西 2 Theatr.  the part of a stage in front of the curtain 【戏】台口，台边(指幕布前的舞台部分) 3  the hard-surfaced area on an airfield used for manoeuvring or loading aircraft (机场的)停机坪 4  an endless conveyor belt 链板传送皮带 □ tied to a person's apron strings   dominated by or dependent on that person (usu. a woman) 受制于，依赖于(某女人)□ aproned  adj.  □ apronful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English naperon etc. from Old French, diminutive of nape ‘tablecloth’ from Latin mappa: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

apropos /æprəˈpəʊ, ˈæprəpəʊ/ adj., prep. & adv. ●adj.  to the point or purpose; appropriate 中肯的，贴切的；恰当的  his comment was apropos  他的评论很中肯 ●prep. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) colloq.  in respect of; concerning [口]就…而言；关于  apropos the meeting  关于那次会议 apropos of the talk  关于那次谈话 ●adv.  1  appropriately 适当地，恰当地  spoke apropos  说话得当 2 (absol. [含宾])  by the way; incidentally 顺便说一下；附带地  apropos, she's not going  顺便说一下，她不走了 [French ɑˋ propos from ɑˋ ‘to’ + propos PURPOSE]

après-ski /æpreiˈski:/ n. & adj. ●n.  the evening, esp. its social activities, following a day's skiing 经过一天滑雪之后的晚会(尤指社交活动) ●attrib. adj. (of clothes, drinks, etc.) appropriate to social activities following skiing (服饰、饮料等)适宜滑雪之后晚会活动的 [French]

apse /æps/ n.  1  a large semicircular or polygonal recess, arched or with a domed roof, esp. at the eastern end of a church (尤指位于教堂东侧的)半圆形(或多边形)拱顶附带建筑；半圆形(或多边形)壁龛 2  = APSIS  □ apsidal  /ˈæpsid(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin APSIS]

apsis /ˈæpsis/ n. (pl. apsides /-di:z/)  either of two points on the orbit of a planet or satellite that are nearest to or furthest from the body round which it moves 拱点，近(远)日点(行星或卫星轨道上离引力中心最近或最远的一点) □ apsidal  adj.   [Latin, from Greek (h)apsis, -idos ‘arch, vault’]

apt /æpt/ adj.  1  appropriate, suitable 适当的，合适的  an apt moment  适当的时刻 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  having a tendency; prone, likely 易于…的；有…倾向的  apt to lose his temper  他易发怒 3  clever; quick to learn 聪明的；反应敏捷的  an apt pupil  聪明的学生 apt at the work  工作很熟练 □ aptly  adv.  □ aptness  n.   [Middle English from Latin aptus ‘fitted’, past part. of apere ‘fasten’]

apterous /ˈæpt(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 Zool. (of insects) without wings 【动】(昆虫)无翅的 2 Bot. (of seeds or fruits) having no winglike expansions 【植】(籽或果实)无翼状延展的 [Greek apteros (as A-1 + pteron ‘wing’)]

apteryx /ˈæptəriks/ n.  = KIWI  [modern Latin, from Greek (as A-1 + pterux ‘wing’)]

aptitude /ˈæptitju:d/ n.  1  a natural propensity or talent 秉性；天赋，天资  shows an aptitude for drawing  对绘画表现出有天赋 2  ability or fitness, esp. to acquire a particular skill (尤指获得某种技能的)能力，才能；聪明才智 [French from Late Latin aptitudo -inis (as APT, -TUDE)]

aqua /ˈækwə/ n. & adj. ●n.  the colour aquamarine 碧绿色，水绿色 ●adj.  of this colour 碧绿的，水绿色的 [abbreviation]

aquaculture /ˈækwəkʌltʃə/ n.  the cultivation or rearing of aquatic plants or animals 水产业，水产养殖 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + CULTURE, on the pattern of agriculture]

aqua fortis /ˌækwə ˈfɔ:tis/ n. Chem.  nitric acid 【化】硝酸 [Latin, = strong water]

Aqua Libra /ˌækwə ˈli:brə/ n. propr.  a drink made from mineral water and fruit juices [商标]利布拉水(一种矿泉水和果汁的混合饮料)

aqualung /ˈækwəlʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a portable breathing apparatus for divers, consisting of cylinders of compressed air strapped on the back, feeding air automatically through a mask or mouthpiece (潜水员使用的)水中呼吸器(将压缩气瓶缚于背上，通过面罩或口管自动送气) ●v. intr.  use an aqualung  [Latin aqua ‘water’ + LUNG]

aquamarine /ˌækwəməˈri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a light bluish-green beryl 绿玉 2  its colour 绿玉色 ●adj.  of bluish-green colour 碧绿色的 [Latin aqua marina ‘sea water’]

aquanaut /ˈækwənɔ:t/ n.  an underwater swimmer or explorer 深水潜水员；海底探险者 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + Greek nautēs ‘sailor’]

aquaplane /ˈækwəplein/ n. & v. ●n.  a board for riding on water, pulled by a speedboat (由快艇牵引的)滑水板 ●v. intr.  1  ride on an aquaplane 乘滑水板滑行 2 (of a vehicle) glide uncontrollably on the wet surface of a road (汽车)在湿路面上像滑水一样失去控制 [Latin aqua ‘water’ + PLANE1]

aqua regia /ˌækwə ˈri:dʒə/ n. Chem.  a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids, a highly corrosive liquid attacking many substances unaffected by other reagents 【化】王水(一种硝酸和浓盐酸的混合液，腐蚀性极强) [Latin, = royal water]

aquarelle /ækwəˈrel/ n.  a painting in thin, usu. transparent, watercolours 透明式水彩画 [French from Italian acquarella ‘watercolour’, diminutive of acqua, from Latin aqua ‘water’]

aquarium /əˈkwɛəriəm/ n. (pl. aquaria /-riə/ or aquariums)  an artificial environment designed for keeping live aquatic plants and animals for study or exhibition, esp. a tank of water with transparent sides 水族馆；养鱼缸，水草缸 [neut. of Latin aquarius ‘of water’ (aqua), on the pattern of vivarium]

Aquarius /əˈkwɛəriəs/ n.  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Water-carrier or Water-bearer), said to represent a man pouring water from a jar 【天】宝瓶座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the eleventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 Jan. 宝瓶宫(黄道的第 11 个星座，太阳约在每年 1 月 21 日进入该星座)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于宝瓶宫时段的人 □ Aquarian  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin (as AQUARIUM)]

aquatic /əˈkwætik, -ˈkwɒt-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  growing or living in or near water 水生的；水栖的 2 (of a sport) played in or on water (体育运动)水上的；水中进行的 ●n.  1  an aquatic plant or animal 水生动植物 2 (in pl. 用复数)  aquatic sports 水上运动 [Middle English from French aquatique or Latin aquaticus, from aqua ‘water’]

aquatint /ˈækwətint/ n.  1  a print resembling a watercolour, produced from a copper plate etched with nitric acid 凹铜板腐蚀制版 2  the process of producing this 凹铜板腐蚀制版法 [French aquatinte from Italian acqua tinta ‘coloured water’]

aquavit /ækwəˈvi:t/ n. (also 亦作 akvavit /ˈækvə-/)  an alcoholic spirit made from potatoes etc. 阿瓜维特酒(一种用土豆等原料酿制的烈性酒) [Norwegian, Swedish, Danish akvavit AQUA VITAE]

aqua vitae /ˌækwə ˈvaiti:, ˈvi:tai/ n.  a strong alcoholic spirit, esp. brandy 烈性酒(尤指白兰地) [Latin = water of life]

aqueduct /ˈækwidʌkt/ n.  1  an artificial channel for conveying water, esp. in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley 水渠；渡槽 2 Physiol.  a small canal, esp. in the head of mammals 【生理】(尤指哺乳动物大脑内的)导管，脉管 [Latin aquae ductus ‘conduit’, from aqua ‘water’ + ducere duct- ‘to lead’]

aqueous /ˈeikwiəs/ adj.  1  of, containing, or like water 水的；含有水的；似水的 2 Geol.  produced by water 【地质】水成的  aqueous rocks  水成岩 [medieval Latin aqueus from Latin aqua ‘water’]

aqueous humour n. Anat.  the clear fluid in the eye between the lens and the cornea 【解】(眼球的)晶体和角膜之间的水状液

aquifer /ˈækwifə/ n. Geol.  a layer of rock or soil able to hold or transmit much water 【地质】地下蓄水层，砂石含水层 [Latin aqui- from aqua ‘water’ + -fer ‘bearing’ from ferre ‘bear’]

aquilegia /ækwiˈli:dʒə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aquilegia (buttercup family) with (often blue) flowers having backward-pointing spurs Also called 亦称作 COLUMBINE 耧斗菜属(毛莨科，通常开蓝花) [medieval Latin, probably from Latin aquilegus ‘water-collecting’]

aquiline /ˈækwilain/ adj.  1  of or like an eagle 鹰的；似鹰的 2 (of a nose) curved like an eagle's beak (鼻子)钩状的，鹰钩鼻的 [Latin aquilinus, from aquila ‘eagle’]

A. & R. abbr. [缩略]  1  artists and recording 艺术家及录制作品 2  artists and repertoire 艺术家及保留剧目

AR abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Arkansas (in official postal use) [美]阿肯色州(正式邮政用语) 2  Autonomous Republic 自治共和国

Ar symb. Chem.  the element argon [符]【化】(化学元素)氩

ar- /ær, ər/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before r (在 r 前)AD- 的同化形式

-ar1 /ə/ suffix  1  forming adjectives (angular 有角的 ; linear 线性的 ; nuclear 原子核的 ; titular 有名无实的) 构成形容词 2  forming nouns (scholar 学者) 构成名词 [Old French -aire or -ier, or Latin -aris]

-ar2 /ə/ suffix  forming nouns (pillar 柱子) 构成名词 [French -er or Latin -ar, -are, neut. of -aris]

-ar3 /ə/ suffix  forming nouns (bursar 司库 ; exemplar 模范 ; mortar 研钵 ; vicar 教区牧师) 构成名词 [Old French -aire or -ier, or Latin -arius, -arium]

-ar4 /ə/ suffix  assim. form of -ER1, -OR1 -ER1 (liar 骗子 ; pedlar 小贩) ， -OR1 的同化形式

ARA abbr.  Associate of the Royal Academy [缩略]皇家艺术院准会员

Arab /ˈærəb/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Semitic people inhabiting originally Saudi Arabia and the neighbouring countries, now the Middle East generally 阿拉伯人 2  a horse of a breed originally native to Arabia 阿拉伯马 ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia or the Arabs (esp. with ethnic reference) 阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的(尤指人种) [French Arabe via Latin Arabs Arabis and Greek Araps -abos from Arabic ˈarab]

arabesque /ærəˈbesk/ n.  1 Ballet  a posture with one leg extended horizontally backwards, torso extended forwards, and arms outstretched 【芭蕾舞】阿拉贝斯克舞姿，燕翅平衡舞姿(一条腿向后展成水平身体前倾，双臂伸展) 2  a design of intertwined leaves, scrolls, etc. 涡卷线状图案 3 Mus.  a florid melodic section or composition 【音】华丽乐章，花式乐曲 [French from Italian arabesco ‘in the Arabic style’, from arabo ‘Arab’]

Arabian /əˈreibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia (esp. with geographical reference) 阿拉伯的(尤指地域)  the Arabian desert  阿拉伯沙漠 ●n.  1  a native of Arabia 阿拉伯人 2 US [美]  = ARABn. 2  [Middle English from Old French arabi, probably from Arabic ˈarabī, or via Latin Arabus, Arabius from Greek Arabios]■Usage 用法说明 In the sense ‘a native of Arabia’, the usual term is now Arab. 当今表达“阿拉伯本地人”之意通常用 Arab 。 

Arabian camel n.  a domesticated one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius, native to the deserts of N. Africa and the Near East Also called 亦称作 dromedary 阿拉伯单峰驼

Arabic /ˈærəbik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the Semitic language of the Arabs, now spoken in much of N. Africa and the Middle East (北非和中东大部份地区讲的)阿拉伯语 ●adj.  of or relating to Arabia (esp. with reference to language or literature) 阿拉伯的(尤指与语言和文学相关的) [Middle English via Old French arabic and Latin arabicus from Greek arabikos]

arabica /əˈræbikə/ n.  1  coffee or coffee beans from the most widely grown species of the coffee plant, Coffea arabica 阿拉伯咖啡(或咖啡豆) 2  the plant itself (cf. 参见 ROBUSTA) 阿拉伯咖啡植株 [modern Latin, from Latin arabicus ARABIC]

Arabic numeral n.  any of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 (cf. 参见 ROMAN NUMERAL) 阿拉伯数字

arabis /ˈærəbis/ n.  a low-growing cruciferous plant of the genus Arabis, with toothed leaves and usu. white flowers Also called 亦称作 rock cress, wall cress 筷子芥(一种开白色十字花的、齿状叶子的低矮植物) [medieval Latin from Greek, = Arabian]

Arabist /ˈærəbist/ n.  a student of Arabic civilization, language, etc. 阿拉伯语学者；阿拉伯文化研究专家

arable /ˈærəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of land) ploughed, or suitable for ploughing and crop production (土地)可耕的，适于耕种的 2 (of crops) that can be grown on arable land (庄稼)适宜在农田里耕种的 ●n.  arable land or crops 可耕地；大田作物 [French arable or Latin arabilis, from arare ‘to plough’]

Araby /ˈærəbi/ n. poet.  Arabia [诗]阿拉伯 [Old French Arabie via Latin Arabia from Greek]

arachnid /əˈræknid/ n.  any arthropod of the class Arachnida, having four pairs of legs, simple eyes, and usu. pincers or fangs e.g. scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks 蛛纲节肢动物(如蝎子、蜘蛛、螨虫、壁虱等) □ arachnidan  adj. & n.   [French arachnide or modern Latin arachnida, from Greek arakhnē ‘spider’]

arachnoid /əˈræknɔid/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 arachnoid membrane) Anat.  one of the three membranes (see 见 MENINX) that surround the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates 【解】(包绕脊椎动物大脑和脊髓的三层膜之一)蛛网膜 ●adj. Bot.  covered with long cobweb-like hairs 【植】蛛网状的；覆盖有蛛网膜的 [modern Latin arachnoides from Greek arakhnoeidēs ‘like a cobweb’, from arakhnē: see ARACHNID]

arachnophobia /əræknə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of spiders 恐蜘蛛症 □ arachnophobe  /əˈræknəfəʊb/ n.  □ arachnophobic  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek arakhnē ‘spider’ + -PHOBIA]

arak var.  of ARRACK  ARRACK 的变体

Aral /ˈærəl/ n.  咸海 [中亚]

Araldite /ˈær(ə)ldait/ n. Brit. propr.  an epoxy resin used as a strong heatproof cement to mend china, plastic, etc. [英] [商标]环氧树脂(一种强力胶接剂，用于粘合瓷器、塑料等) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Aramaic /ærəˈmeiik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a branch of the Semitic family of languages, esp. the language of Syria used as a lingua franca in the Near East from the sixth century BC, later dividing into varieties one of which included Syriac and Mandaean 阿拉姆语(属闪米特语族的一支，尤指自公元前 6 世纪在近东作为国际交际语使用的叙利亚语) ●adj.  of or in Aramaic 阿拉姆语的；用阿拉姆语写的 [Latin Aramaeus from Greek Aramaios ‘of Aram’ (biblical name of Syria)]

Aran /ˈær(ə)n/ attrib. adj.  designating a type of knitwear or garment with traditional patterns, esp. involving raised cable stitch and large diamond designs (指一类针织品或服装)带有传统图案的(尤指缝有凸起的粗线和菱形图案) [from the Aran islands off the W. coast of Ireland]

Aranda /əˈrændə/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 Arunta /əˈrʌntə/)  1 (pl. same 单复同 or -s)  a member of an Aboriginal people of central Australia 阿兰达人(澳大利亚中部的土著居民) 2  the language spoken by this people 阿兰达语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Aranda or their language 阿兰达族人的；阿兰达语的 [Aboriginal]

arapaima /ærəˈpaimə/ n.  a very large edible S. American freshwater fish, Arapaima gigas 巨骨舌鱼(南美一种大型食用淡水鱼) [Tupi]

arational /eiˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  that does not purport to be rational 非理性的，没有理性的

araucaria /ærəˈkɛəriə/ n.  an evergreen conifer of the genus Araucaria, native to the southern hemisphere, e.g. the monkey-puzzle tree 南洋杉(产于南半球，如智利杉树) [modern Latin from Arauco, the name of a province in Chile]

Arawak /ˈærəwæk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Arawaks)  1  any of several related languages spoken by American Indian peoples of the Caribbean and parts of S. America 阿拉瓦克语(南美及加勒比地区印第安人诸相关语言) 2  a member of one of these peoples 阿拉瓦克人

arb /ɑ:b/ n. colloq. [口]  = ARBITRAGEUR  [abbreviation]

arbalest /ˈɑ:bəlest/ n. (also 亦作 arblast /ˈɑ:blɑ:st/) hist.  a crossbow with a mechanism for drawing the string [史义] (中世纪的)劲弩 [Old English arblast via Old French arbaleste and Late Latin arcubalista from Latin arcus ‘bow’ + BALLISTA]

arbiter /ˈɑ:bitə/ n. (fem. arbitress /-tris/)  1  a  an arbitrator in a dispute 仲裁人，公断人b  a judge; an authority 裁决人；权威机构  arbiter of taste  品尝师 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a person who has entire control of something (对某事物)拥有绝对控制权的人 [Latin]

arbiter elegantiarum /ˌeliɡæntiˈɑ:rəm/ n. (also 亦作 arbiter elegantiae /eliˈɡæntiai/)  a judge of artistic taste and etiquette 艺术品位和礼仪的评判人

arbitrage /ˈɑ:bitridʒ, ɑ:biˈtrɑ:ʒ/ n.  the buying and selling of stocks or bills of exchange to take advantage of varying prices in different markets 套利交易，套购；套汇 [French, from arbitrer (as ARBITRATE)]

arbitrageur /ˌɑ:bitrɑ:ˈʒɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 arbitrager /ˈɑ:bitridʒə/)  a person who engages in arbitrage 套购商；套汇掮客 [French]

arbitral /ˈɑ:bitr(ə)l/ adj.  concerning arbitration 仲裁的，公断的 [French arbitral or Late Latin arbitralis: see ARBITER]

arbitrament /ɑ:ˈbitrəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the deciding of a dispute by an arbiter 仲裁，公断；裁决，裁判 2  an authoritative decision made by an arbiter 仲裁结论，裁决结果 [Middle English via Old French arbitrement from medieval Latin arbitramentum (as ARBITRATE, -MENT)]

arbitrary /ˈɑ:bit(rə)ri/ adj.  1  based on or derived from uninformed opinion or random choice; capricious 任意的，武断的，恣意的 2  despotic 专制的，暴虐的 □ arbitrarily  adv.  □ arbitrariness  n.   [Latin arbitrarius or French arbitraire (as ARBITER, -ARY1)]

arbitrate /ˈɑ:bitreit/ v. tr. & intr.  decide by arbitration 进行仲裁，作出公断 [Latin arbitrari ‘judge’]

arbitration /ɑ:biˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the settlement of a dispute by an arbitrator 仲裁，公断 [Middle English via Old French from Latin arbitratio -onis (as ARBITER, -ATION)]

arbitrator /ˈɑ:bitreitə/ n.  a person appointed to settle a dispute; an arbiter 仲裁人，公断人 □ arbitratorship  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin (as ARBITRATION, -OR1)]

arbitress  see 见 ARBITER 

arblast var.  of ARBALEST  ARBALEST 的变体

arbor1 /ˈɑ:bə/ n.  1  an axle or spindle on which something revolves 柄轴；心轴 2  a device holding a tool in a lathe etc. (车床等上的)工具支架 [French arbre ‘tree, axis’, from Latin arbor]

arbor2 US var.  of ARBOUR [美] ARBOUR 的变体

arboraceous /ɑ:bəˈreiʃəs/ adj.  1  treelike 似树的，树状的 2  wooded 多树的，树木繁茂的 [Latin arbor ‘tree’ + -ACEOUS]

Arbor Day /ˈɑ:bə/ n.  a day dedicated annually to public tree-planting in the US, Australia, and other countries (美国、澳大利亚等国的)植树节 [Latin arbor ‘tree’]

arboreal /ɑ:ˈbɔ:riəl/ adj.  of, living in, or connected with trees 树的，乔木的；生活在树上的；与树木有关的 [Latin arboreus, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboreous /ɑ:ˈbɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  wooded 多树的，树木繁茂的 2  arboreal 树的，乔木的；栖于树上的

arborescent /ɑ:bəˈres(ə)nt/ adj.  treelike in growth or general appearance 树木状的 □ arborescence  n.   [Latin arborescere ‘grow into a tree’, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboretum /ɑ:bəˈri:təm/ n. (pl. arboretums or arboreta /-tə/)  a botanical garden devoted to trees 树木园，植物园 [Latin, from arbor ‘tree’]

arboriculture /ˈɑ:b(ə)rikʌltʃə, ɑ:ˈbɔ:r-/ n.  the cultivation of trees and shrubs 树木栽培，林木业 □ arboricultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ arboriculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin arbor -oris ‘tree’, on the pattern of agriculture]

arborization /ɑ:b(ə)raiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  a treelike arrangement esp. in anatomy (尤指解剖学中的)树状结构

arbor vitae /ˌɑ:bə ˈvaiti:, ˈvi:tai/ n.  = THUJA  [Latin, = tree of life]

arbour /ˈɑ:bə/ n. (US [美] arbor)  a shady garden alcove with the sides and roof formed by trees or climbing plants; a bower (树枝或攀援植物交叉而成的)藤架，棚架；凉亭 □ arboured  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French erber and Old French erbier, from erbe ‘herb’, from Latin herba: phonetic change to ar- assisted by association with Latin arbor ‘tree’]

arbovirus /ˈɑ:bəvairəs/ n. Med.  any of a group of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, etc., and causing disease, e.g. yellow fever 【医】(由蚊、虱等传播的)虫传病毒(如传染黄热病等) [arthropod-borne + VIRUS]

arbutus /ɑ:ˈbju:təs, ˈɑ:bjʊtəs/ n.  1  an evergreen tree or shrub of the genus Arbutus (heath family), with white or pink clusters of flowers and reddish berries, esp. the strawberry tree, A. unedo 杨梅属植物(石南科，尤指草莓树) 2 US [美]  = TRAILING ARBUTUS  [Latin]

ARC abbr. [缩略]  1 hist. (in the UK) Agricultural Research Council [史义] (英国)农业研究委员会 2  Aids-related complex 与艾滋病有关的综合症状

arc /ɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  part of the circumference of a circle or any other curve 弧，弓形 2 Electr.  a luminous discharge between two electrodes 【电】电弧，弧光 ●v. intr. (arced /ɑ:kt/; arcing /ˈɑ:kiŋ/)  form an arc 呈弧形；形成电弧 [Middle English via Old French from Latin arcus ‘bow, curve’]

arcade /ɑ:ˈkeid/ n.  1  a passage with an arched roof 拱廊 2 esp. Brit.  any covered walk, esp. with shops along one or both sides [尤英] (尤指旁边有商店的)拱廊人行道 3 Archit.  a series of arches supporting or set along a wall 【建】(支撑墙壁的)连拱柱廊 4  = AMUSEMENT ARCADE  □ arcaded  adj.  □ arcading  n.   [French via Provençal arcada or Italian arcata from Romanic: related to ARCH1]

Arcadian /ɑ:ˈkeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an idealized peasant or country dweller, esp. in poetry (尤指诗歌中)过田园式恬淡生活的人的 ●adj. poet.  of or relating to Arcady; ideally rustic [诗]阿卡狄亚的；田园牧歌似的 □ Arcadianism  n.   [Latin Arcadius from Greek Arkadia, a mountain district in the Peloponnese]

Arcady /ˈɑ:kədi/ n. poet.  an ideal rustic paradise [诗] (像阿卡狄亚那样生活恬淡的)世外桃源 [Greek Arkadia: see ARCADIAN]

arcane /ɑ:ˈkein/ adj.  mysterious, secret; understood by few 神秘的；秘密的；晦涩难懂的 □ arcanely  adv.   [French arcane or Latin arcanus, from arcēre ‘shut up’ from arca ‘chest’]

arcanum /ɑ:ˈkeinəm/ n. (pl. arcana /-nə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a mystery; a profound secret 秘密；奥秘 [Latin, neut. of arcanus: see ARCANE]

arch1 /ɑ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a curved structure as an opening or a support for a bridge, roof, floor, etc. 拱；拱门；拱形结构b  an arch used in building as an ornament (建筑的)拱形装饰 2  any arch-shaped curve, e.g. as on the inner side of the foot, the eyebrows, etc. 拱形；拱形物(如足弓、眉毛等) ●v.  1 tr.  provide with or form into an arch 使成拱形，使成弓形 2 tr.  span like an arch 拱形连接，拱形跨越 3 intr.  form an arch 拱起，成弓形 [Middle English from Old French arche, ultimately from Latin arcus ‘arc’]

arch2 /ɑ:tʃ/ adj.  self-consciously or affectedly playful or teasing 故作诡秘的；装模作样的；调皮的 □ archly  adv.  □ archness  n.   [ARCH-, originally in arch rogue etc.]

arch- /ɑ:tʃ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  chief, superior (archbishop 大主教 ; archdiocese 大主教管区 ; archduke 大公) 主要的，为首的 2  pre-eminent of its kind (esp. in unfavourable senses) (arch-enemy 主要敌人) 极度的，极端的(尤用于贬义) [Old English arce- or Old French arche-, ultimately from Greek arkhos ‘chief’]

Archaean /ɑ:ˈki:ən/ adj. & n. (US [美] Archean) ●adj.  of or relating to the earlier part of the Precambrian era, characterized by the absence of life (cf. 参见 PROTEROZOIC) (无生命存在的)太古代的 ●n.  this period 太古代 [Greek arkhaios ‘ancient’, from arkhē ‘beginning’]

archaeology /ɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi/ n. (US also [美亦] archeology)  the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of physical remains 考古学 □ archaeologic  /-ˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ archaeological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ archaeologically  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ archaeologist  n.  □ archaeologize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin archaeologia from Greek arkhaiologia ‘ancient history’ (as ARCHAEAN, -LOGY)]

archaeopteryx /ɑ:kiˈɒptəriks/ n.  the oldest known fossil bird, Archaeopteryx lithographica, of the late Jurassic period, which has wings and feathers like a bird, but teeth and a bony tail like a reptile 始祖鸟(已知最古老的化石鸟，侏罗纪晚期生物，翼和羽毛像鸟，牙和尾像爬行动物) [Greek arkhaios ‘ancient’ + pterux ‘wing’]

archaic /ɑ:ˈkeiik/ adj.  1  a  antiquated 古老的，陈旧的b (of a word etc.) no longer in ordinary use, though retained for special purposes (词语等)古体的，(除特殊用途外)已不通用的 2  primitive 原始的 3  of an early period of art or culture, esp. the 7th － 6th c. BC in Greece (艺术或文化)早期的，创始期的(尤指公元前 6 至 7 世纪的)古代希腊 □ archaically  adv.   [French archaïque from Greek arkhaïkos (as ARCHAEAN)]

archaism /ˈɑ:keiiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the retention or imitation of the old or obsolete, esp. in language or art (尤指语言或艺术的)古风，古体；拟古主义 2  an archaic word or expression 古语，古文 □ archaistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek arkhaïsmos, from arkhaïzō (as ARCHAIZE, -ISM)]

archaize /ˈɑ:keiaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  imitate archaic style, expression, etc. 仿古；用古体，用古语 2 tr.  make (a work of art, literature, etc.) imitate the archaic in style etc. 使(文学、艺术等)有古风 [Greek arkhaïzō ‘be old-fashioned’, from arkhaios ‘ancient’]

archangel /ˈɑ:keindʒ(ə)l, ɑ:kˈein-/ n.  1  an angel of the highest rank 天使长(最高一级的天使) 2  a member of the eighth order of the nine ranks of heavenly beings (see 见 ORDER n. 19) (九级天使中的)第八级天使 □ archangelic  /-ænˈdʒelik/ adj.   [Old English via Anglo-French archangele and ecclesiastical Latin archangelus from ecclesiastical Greek arkhaggelos (as ARCH-, ANGEL)]

archbishop /ɑ:tʃˈbiʃəp, esp. in titles 尤用于头衔 ˈɑ:tʃ-/ n.  the chief bishop of a province (一个省的)大主教，主教长 [Old English (as ARCH-, BISHOP)]

archbishopric /ɑ:tʃˈbiʃəprik/ n.  the office or diocese of an archbishop 大主教的职位(或教区) [Old English (as ARCH-, BISHOPRIC)]

archdeacon /ɑ:tʃˈdi:kən, esp. in titles 尤用于头衔 ˈɑ:tʃ-/ n.  1  an Anglican cleric ranking below a bishop 执事长(英国国教中次于主教职务者) 2  a member of the clergy of similar rank in other Churches (其他教会中的)执事长，领班神父 □ archdeaconry  n. (pl. -ies)  □ archdeaconship  n.   [Old English arce-, ercediacon, via ecclesiastical Latin archidiaconus from ecclesiastical Greek arkhidiakonos (as ARCH-, DEACON)]

archdiocese /ɑ:tʃˈdaiəsis/ n.  the diocese of an archbishop 大主教之管区 □ archdiocesan  /ɑ:tʃdaiˈɒsis(ə)n/ adj.  

archduke /ˈɑ:tʃdju:k/ n. (fem. archduchess /-dʌtʃis/) hist.  the chief duke (esp. as the title of a son of the Emperor of Austria) [史义]大公(尤指奥地利皇太子) □ archducal  adj.  □ archduchy  /-dʌtʃi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Old French archeduc from medieval Latin archidux -ducis (as ARCH-, DUKE)]

Archean US var.  of ARCHAEAN [美] ARCHAEAN 的变体

archegonium /ɑ:kiˈɡəʊniəm/ n. (pl. archegonia /-iə/) Bot.  the female sex organ in mosses, ferns, conifers, etc. 【植】藏卵器(苔藓、蕨类、松类的雌性器官) [Latin, diminutive of Greek arkhegonos from arkhe- ‘chief’ + gonos ‘race’]

arch-enemy /ɑ:tʃˈenəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a chief enemy 公敌，主要敌人 2  the Devil 魔鬼

archeology US var.  of ARCHAEOLOGY [美] ARCHAEOLOGY 的变体

archer /ˈɑ:tʃə/ n.  1  a person who shoots with a bow and arrows 弓箭手，射手 2 (作 the Archer)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Sagittarius 人马星座 [Anglo-French from Old French archier, ultimately from Latin arcus ‘bow’]

archer fish n.  a SE Asian fish that catches flying insects by shooting water at them from its mouth 射水鱼，喷水鱼(产于东南亚的一种能口中喷水捕捉飞虫的鱼)

archery /ˈɑ:tʃəri/ n.  shooting with a bow and arrows, esp. as a sport (尤指体育运动)射箭，箭术 [Old French archerie from archier (as ARCHER, -ERY)]

archetype /ˈɑ:kitaip/ n.  1  a  an original model; a prototype 原型b  a typical specimen 典型 2 (in Jungian psychology) a primitive mental image inherited from man's earliest ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious (荣格心理学中的)原始意象(指从人类最早祖先那儿继承下来的、可能存在于集体无意识中的理念) 3  a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, etc. (文学、艺术作品等中反复出现的)象征；主题 □ archetypal  /-ˈtaip(ə)l/ adj.  □ archetypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin archetypum from Greek arkhetupon (as ARCH-, tupos ‘stamp’)]

Archibald /ˈɑ:tʃibəld, ˈɑ:tʃibɔ:ld/   阿奇博尔德 [人名]

archidiaconal /ˌɑ:kidaiˈæk(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to an archdeacon 执事长的；领班神父的 □ archidiaconate  /-nət, -neit/ n.   [medieval Latin archidiaconalis (as ARCH-, DIACONAL)]

Archie /ˈɑ:tʃi/   阿奇 [人名]

archiepiscopal /ˌɑ:kiiˈpiskəp(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to an archbishop 大主教的 □ archiepiscopate  /-pət, -peit/ n.   [ecclesiastical Latin archiepiscopus from Greek arkhiepiskopos ‘archbishop’]

archil var.  of ORCHIL  ORCHIL 的变体

archimandrite /ɑ:kiˈmændrait/ n.  1  the superior of a large monastery or group of monasteries in the Orthodox Church (东正教的)大修道院院长 2  an honorary title given to a monastic priest 修道院名誉院长 [French archimandrite or ecclesiastical Latin archimandrita, from ecclesiastical Greek arkhimandrites (as ARCH-, mandra ‘monastery’)]

Archimedean /ɑ:kiˈmi:diən/ adj.  of or associated with the Greek mathematician Archimedes (d. 212 BC) 阿基米德(古希腊数学家，卒于公元前 212 年)的

Archimedean screw n.  a device of ancient origin for raising water by means of a spiral within a tube (源于古代的用于提水的)阿基米德螺旋泵

Archimedes' principle /ɑ:kiˈmi:di:z/ n.  the law that a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid it displaces (液体对其中物体的浮力等于该物体排开的液体重量的)阿基米德定律

archipelago /ɑ:kiˈpeləɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a group of islands 群岛 2  a sea with many islands 多岛屿的海 [Italian arcipelago, from Greek arkhi- ‘chief’ + pelagos ‘sea’ (originally = the Aegean Sea)]

architect /ˈɑ:kitekt/ n.  1  a designer who prepares plans for buildings, ships, etc., and supervises their construction 建筑师；(船舶等的)设计师 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person who brings about a specified thing 缔造者，创造者  the architect of his own fortune  他自己命运的创造者 [French architecte from Italian architetto, or their source Latin architectus from Greek arkhitektōn (as ARCH-, tektōn ‘builder’)]

architectonic /ˌɑ:kitekˈtɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to architecture or architects 建筑的；建筑师的 2  of or relating to the systematization of knowledge (知识)系统化的，体系化的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  the scientific study of architecture 建筑学 2  the study of the systematization of knowledge (知识)体系论，系统论 [Latin architectonicus from Greek arkhitektonikos (as ARCHITECT)]

architecture /ˈɑ:kitektʃə/ n.  1  the art or science of designing and constructing buildings 建筑学；建筑术 2  the style of a building as regards design and construction 建筑风格，建筑式样 3  buildings or other structures collectively 建筑物，构造物(总称) 4  the conceptual structure and logical organization of a computer or computer-based system (计算机(或计算机系统)的)结构框架，逻辑系统 □ architectural  /-ˈtektʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ architecturally  /-ˈtektʃ(ə)r(ə)li/ adv.   [French architecture or Latin architectura, from architectus (as ARCHITECT)]

architrave /ˈɑ:kitreiv/ n.  1 (in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns (古典建筑的)柱顶过梁，楣梁 2  the moulded frame around a doorway or window (门、窗等的)框缘，嵌线 3  a moulding round the exterior of an arch (拱门的)头线条板 [French from Italian (as ARCH-, trave from Latin trabs trabis ‘beam’)]

archive /ˈɑ:kaiv/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a collection of esp. public or corporate documents or records (尤指公共部门或公司的)文件集，档案；大宗记录 2  the place where these are kept 档案室，档案馆 ●v. tr.  1  place or store in an archive 存档，归档 2 Computing  transfer (data) to a less frequently used file, e.g. from disc to tape 【计算】把(数据)存档(例如将磁盘文件存入磁带) □ archival  /ɑ:ˈkaiv(ə)l/ adj.   [French archives (pl.) via Latin archi(v)a from Greek arkheia ‘public records’, from arkhē ‘government’]

archivist /ˈɑ:kivist/ n.  a person who maintains and is in charge of archives 档案保管员

archivolt /ˈɑ:kivəʊlt/ n.  1  a band of mouldings round the lower curve of an arch 拱缘；拱门内侧装饰线条 2  the lower curve itself from impost to impost of the columns (拱圈内面的)穹隆形 [French archivolte or Italian archivolto (as ARC, VAULT)]

archlute /ˈɑ:tʃl(j)u:t/ n.  a bass lute with an extended neck and unstopped bass strings 低音诗琴 [French archiluth (as ARCH-, LUTE1)]

archon /ˈɑ:kən/ n.  each of the nine chief magistrates in ancient Athens (古雅典的)执政官(共有九个) □ archonship  n.   [Greek arkhōn ‘ruler’ (pres. part. of arkhō ‘rule’) used as a noun]

archway /ˈɑ:tʃwei/ n.  1  a vaulted passage 拱廊，拱道 2  an arched entrance 拱门

Archy /ˈɑ:tʃi/   阿奇 [人名]

arc lamp n. (also 亦作 arc light)  a light source using an electric arc 电弧灯，弧光灯

arcology /ɑ:ˈkɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an ideal city that is fully integrated with its natural environment (与周围自然环境完全融为一体的)理想城市 [blend of ARCHITECTURE and ECOLOGY]

Arctic /ˈɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the north polar regions 北极的；北极地区的 2 (作 arctic) colloq. (esp. of weather) very cold [口] (尤指天气)极冷的，严寒的 3 (作 arctic)  designed for use in arctic conditions 适用于极地的  arctic clothing  极地服装 ●n.  1  the regions north of the Arctic Circle 北极，北极地区 2 (作 arctic) esp. US  a thick waterproof overshoe [尤美]厚型防水套鞋 [Middle English via Old French artique and Latin ar(c)ticus from Greek arktikos, from arktos ‘bear, Ursa Major, pole star’]

Arctic Circle n.  the parallel of latitude 66°33 ′ N., forming an imaginary line round the Arctic regions 北极圈(大致在北纬 66°33 ′的纬圈)

Arctic Ocean n.  the partly ice-covered expanse of ocean surrounding the North Pole 北冰洋

arcuate /ˈɑ:kjʊət/ adj.  shaped like a bow; curved 弓形的；弧形的 [Latin arcuatus, past part. of arcuare ‘curve’, from arcus ‘bow, curve’]

arcus senilis /ˌɑ:kʊs seˈni:lis/ n.  a narrow opaque band commonly encircling the cornea in old age 老人弓，角膜弓(角膜周围的不透明狭带，常见于老年人) [Latin, literally ‘senile bow’]

arc welding n.  a method of welding using an electric arc to melt metals to be welded 电弧焊(法)

-ard /əd, ɑ:d/ suffix  1  forming nouns in depreciatory senses (drunkard 酒鬼 ; sluggard 懒鬼) 构成贬义名词 2  forming nouns in other senses (bollard 系船柱 ; Spaniard 西班牙人 ; wizard 男巫) 构成其他含意的名词 [Middle English & Old French from German -hard ‘hard, hardy’]

ardent /ˈɑ:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1  eager, zealous; (of persons or feelings) fervent, passionate 热切的，热心的；(人或感情)炽热的；热情的 2  burning 燃烧的 □ ardency  n.  □ ardently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French ardant from Latin ardens -entis, from ardēre ‘burn’]

ardour /ˈɑ:də/ n. (US [美] ardor)  zeal; burning enthusiasm; passion 热衷，热忱；狂热；激情 [Middle English via Old French from Latin ardor -oris, from ardēre ‘burn’]

arduous /ˈɑ:djʊəs/ adj.  1  hard to achieve or overcome; laborious, strenuous 艰难的；艰苦的；费劲的 2  steep, difficult 险峻的，难行的  an arduous path  险峻的小路 □ arduously  adv.  □ arduousness  n.   [Latin arduus ‘steep, difficult’]

are1 /ɑ:/ 2nd sing. present & 1st, 2nd, 3rd pl. present  of BE BE 的第二人称现在时和第一、第二、第三人称复数现在时

are2 /ɑ:/ n.  a metric unit of measure, equal to 100 square metres 公亩(等于 100 平方米) [French, from Latin AREA]

area /ˈɛəriə/ n.  1  the extent or measure of a surface 面积  over a large area  大面积范围地 3 acres in area  面积 3 英亩 the area of a triangle  一个三角形的面积 2  a region or tract 地区，地域  the southern area  南方地区 3  a space allocated for a specific purpose (作为某一特殊用途的)区域，地方，场地  dining area  就餐区 camping area  野营区 4  the scope or range of an activity or study (活动或研究的)领域，范围 5  a sunken enclosure giving access to the basement of a building (通向建筑物地下室的)凹地；采光井 6 (prec. by 前接 the) Football 【足球】  = PENALTY AREA  □ areal  adj.   [Latin, = vacant piece of level ground]

areaway /ˈɛəriəwei/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = AREA 5 

areca /ˈærikə, əˈri:kə/ n.  a tropical Asian palm of the genus Areca (槟榔属亚洲热带棕榈)槟榔树；槟榔 [Portuguese from Malayalam ɑˊdekka]

areca nut n.  the astringent seed of a species of areca, A. catechu Also called 亦称作 betel-nut 槟榔子，槟榔果

areg pl.  of ERG2  

arena /əˈri:nə/ n.  1  the central part of an amphitheatre etc., where contests take place 竞技场；圆形露天剧场的中心部份 2  a scene of conflict; a sphere of action or discussion (冲突、行动或论战的)场所；范围 [Latin (h)arena ‘sand, sand-strewn place of combat’]

arenaceous /æriˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1 (of rocks) containing sand; having a sandy texture (岩石)含沙的；沙质的 2  sandlike 似沙的 3 (of plants) growing in sand (植物)生长于沙地的 [Latin arenaceus (as ARENA, -ACEOUS)]

arena stage n.  a stage situated with the audience all round it (四周环绕观众席的)圆形舞台

aren't /ɑ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  1  are not  2 (in interrog. 用于疑问句)  am not  aren't I coming too?  要我也来吗？ 

areola /əˈri:ələ/ n. (pl. areolae /-li:/)  1 Anat.  a circular pigmented area, esp. that surrounding a nipple 【解】乳晕 2  any of the spaces between lines on a surface, e.g. of a leaf or an insect's wing (任何表面的线条之间的)细缝；(叶脉或昆虫翅膀上的)网隙 □ areolar  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of area AREA]

argali /ˈɑ:ɡ(ə)li/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a large Asiatic wild sheep, Ovis ammon, with massive horns 盘羊(一种产于亚洲的有巨角体型较大的野羊) [Mongolian]

argent /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. Heraldry  silver; silvery white 【纹章学】银；银白色 [French, from Latin argentum]

argentiferous /ɑ:dʒ(ə)nˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  containing natural deposits of silver 含银的；有银矿的 [Latin argentum + -FEROUS]

Argentina   阿根廷

Argentine /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)ntain/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Argentinian /-ˈtiniən/) ●adj.  of or relating to Argentina in S. America 阿根廷的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Argentina 阿根廷人 2  a person of Argentine descent 阿根廷血统的人 □ the Argentine   Argentina 阿根廷 [Spanish Argentina from Latin argentum ‘silver’ (a major historical export)]

argentine /ˈɑ:dʒ(ə)ntain/ adj.  of silver; silvery 银(色)的；银一般的 [French argentin from argent ‘silver’]

Argentinian /ˌɑ:dʒənˈtiniən/ adj. & n.  阿根廷的(人)

argil /ˈɑ:dʒil/ n.  clay, esp. that used in pottery 白黏土，陶土 □ argillaceous  adj.   [French argille via Latin argilla from Greek argillos, from argos ‘white’]

arginine /ˈɑ:dʒini:n/ n.  a basic amino acid present in many animal proteins and an essential nutrient in the vertebrate diet 精氨酸(一种在许多种动物蛋白质中都存在的氨基酸) [German Arginin, perhaps from Greek arginoeis ‘bright-shining, white’]

Argive /ˈɑ:ɡaiv, -dʒaiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Argos in ancient Greece (古希腊)阿尔戈斯的 2 literary (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek [文学用语] (尤荷马史诗)希腊的；希腊人的 ●n.  1  a citizen of Argos 阿尔戈斯人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary  a Greek [文学用语]希腊人 [Latin Argivus from Greek Argeios]

argol /ˈɑ:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  crude potassium hydrogen tartrate 粗酒石 [Middle English from Anglo-French argoile, of unknown origin]

argon /ˈɑ:ɡɒn/ n. Chem.  an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group, forming almost 1 per cent of the earth's atmosphere (symbol 符 Ar) 【化】(惰性气体元素)氩 [Greek, neut. of argos ‘idle’ (as A-1 + ergon ‘work’)]

argosy /ˈɑ:ɡəsi/ n. (pl. -ies) poet.  a large merchant ship, originally esp. from Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) or Venice [诗] (早期尤指来自拉古萨或威尼斯的)大商船 [probably Italian Ragusea (nave) ‘Ragusan (vessel)’]

argot /ˈɑ:ɡəʊ/ n.  the jargon of a group or class, formerly esp. of criminals (旧时尤指不法分子用的)行话，黑话 [French: ultimate origin unknown]

arguable /ˈɑ:ɡjʊəb(ə)l/ adj.  open to argument or disagreement; debatable 有商榷余地的；可辩论的，可争议的 □ arguably  adv.  

argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v. (argues, argued, arguing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, about, etc.)  exchange views or opinions, especially heatedly or contentiously (with a person) 争论，辩论 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  indicate; maintain by reasoning 表明；证明 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, against)  reason 劝说  argued against joining  劝说不要加入 4 tr.  treat by reasoning 论证，推理  argue the point  论证这一点 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  persuade 说服  argued me into going  说服我前去 □ argue the toss  esp. Brit. colloq.  dispute a decision or choice already made [尤英口]对已经决定的事提出不同意见□ arguer  n.   [Middle English via Old French arguer from Latin argutari ‘prattle’, frequentative of arguere ‘make clear, prove, accuse’]

argufy /ˈɑ:ɡjʊfai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq.  argue excessively or tediously [口] (为琐事过份地)争执不休 [fanciful from ARGUE: cf. SPEECHIFY]

argument /ˈɑ:ɡjʊm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an exchange of views, esp. a contentious or prolonged one 争论，争执；争吵 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  a reason advanced; a reasoning process 论点，论据  an argument for abolition  主张废除的一个论据 3  a summary of the subject matter or line of reasoning of a book (书籍等的)梗概，内容提要 4 Math.  an independent variable determining the value of a function 【数】(确定函数值的)自变数；辐角，幅度 [Middle English via Old French from Latin argumentum, from arguere (as ARGUE, -MENT)]

argumentation /ˌɑ:ɡjʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  methodical reasoning 推论，论证 2  debate or argument 争论，辩论 [French from Latin argumentatio, from argumentari (as ARGUMENT, -ATION)]

argumentative /ɑ:ɡjʊˈmentətiv/ adj.  1  fond of arguing; quarrelsome 好辩论的；爱争吵的 2  using methodical reasoning 推论的，论证的 □ argumentatively  adv.  □ argumentativeness  n.   [French argumentatif -ive or Late Latin argumentativus (as ARGUMENT, -ATIVE)]

argument from design n. (in Christian theology) the argument that God's existence is provable by the evidence of design in the universe (基督教神学)上帝之存在可以通过宇宙结构证实的论点

Argus /ˈɑ:ɡəs/ n.  1  a watchful guardian 警惕的卫士 2  an Asiatic pheasant having markings on its tail resembling eyes 大雉(亚洲的一种尾羽上有眼状斑点的野鸡) 3  a butterfly having markings resembling eyes 眼蝶(一种翅膀上有眼状斑点的蝴蝶) [Middle English via Latin from Greek Argos, the name of a mythical watchman with a hundred eyes]

Argus-eyed adj.  vigilant 警惕的，警戒的

argute /ɑ:ˈɡju:t/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  sharp or shrewd 犀利的；敏锐的；精明的 2 (of sounds) shrill (声音)尖的，尖声刺耳的 [Middle English from Latin argutus, past part. of arguere: see ARGUE]

argy-bargy /ˌɑ:dʒiˈbɑ:dʒi, ˌɑ:ɡiˈbɑ:ɡi/ n. & v. joc. esp. Brit. [诙] [尤英] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dispute or wrangle 争执，口角 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  quarrel, esp. loudly 吵架(尤指大声) [originally Scots]

aria /ˈɑ:riə/ n. Mus.  a long accompanied song for solo voice in an opera, oratorio, etc. 【音】(歌剧、清唱剧等中的)独唱曲，咏叹调 [Italian, = tune, air]

Arian /ˈɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an adherent of the doctrine of Arius of Alexandria (4th c.), who denied the divinity of Christ 信奉阿里乌教义者，阿里乌派 ●adj.  of or concerning this doctrine 阿里乌教义的 □ Arianism  n.  

-arian /ˈɛəriən/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns meaning ‘(one) concerned with or believing in’ (agrarian 有关土地的 ; antiquarian 古文物研究者 ; humanitarian 人道主义者 ; vegetarian 素食者) 构成形容词或名词，意为“关于…(的)”或“相信…(的)” [Latin -arius (see -ARY1)]

arid /ˈærid/ adj.  1  a (of ground, climate, etc.) dry, parched (土地、气侯等)干旱的，干燥的b  too dry to support vegetation; barren (因过于干旱而)贫瘠荒芜的，不毛之地的 2  uninteresting 枯燥的，无趣味的  arid verse  枯燥的诗文 □ aridity  /əˈriditi/ n.  □ aridly  adv.  □ aridness  n.   [French aride or Latin aridus, from arēre ‘be dry’]

ariel /ˈɛəriəl/ n.  a Middle Eastern and African gazelle, Gazella arabica 瞪羚(一种产于中东和非洲的羚羊) [Arabic ˈaryal]

Aries /ˈɛəri:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 Astron. 【天】  a small constellation (the Ram), said to represent the ram whose Golden Fleece was sought by Jason and the Argonauts 白羊(星)座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the first sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox (about 20 Mar.) 白羊宫(黄道第一宫，太阳在春分时，即大约 3 月 20 日左右进入该宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于白羊宫时段的人 □ Arian  /-riən/ adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin, = ram]

aright /əˈrait/ adv.  rightly 正确地，恰当地 [Old English (as A2, RIGHT)]

aril /ˈæril/ n. Bot.  an extra seed-covering, often coloured and hairy or fleshy, e.g. the red fleshy cup around a yew seed 【植】假种皮(通常彩色、多毛、肉质，如紫杉种子的红色花萼) □ arillate  adj.   [modern Latin arillus, of unknown origin: cf. medieval Latin arilli ‘dried grape-stones’]

arioso /æriˈəʊzəʊ, ɑ:-/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  in a melodious songlike style 咏叙调的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a piece of music to be performed in this way 咏叙调 [Italian, from ARIA]

-arious /ˈɛəriəs/ suffix  forming adjectives (gregarious 群居的 ; vicarious 代理的) 构成形容词 [Latin -arius (see -ARY1) + -OUS]

arise /əˈraiz/ v. intr. (past arose /əˈrəʊz/; past part. arisen /əˈriz(ə)n/)  1  begin to exist; originate 形成；产生；发端于 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, out of)  result 起因于，出于  accidents can arise from carelessness  事故会因为大意而引起 3  come to one's notice; emerge 引起注意；出现  the question of payment arose  付款的问题出现了 4 archaic or poet.  rise or get up [古义] [诗]起立，起身；起床 [Old English ɑˉrīsan (as A-2, RISE)]

arisings /əˈraiziŋz/ n. pl.  materials forming the secondary or waste products of industrial operations 副产品；废弃物；工业废料

aristocracy /æriˈstɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the highest class in society; the nobility 上层社会；贵族b  the nobility as a ruling class 贵族阶级 2  a  government by the nobility or a privileged group 贵族统治；特权阶级统治b  a state governed in this way 贵族统治的国家，贵族社会 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the best representatives or upper echelons 杰出代表，精英分子  aristocracy of intellect  知识分子精英 aristocracy of labour  工人贵族b  any group which is privileged or is regarded as superior 特权阶层 [French aristocratie from Greek aristokratia, from aristos ‘best’ + kratia (as -CRACY)]

aristocrat /ˈæristəkræt, əˈrist-/ n.  a member of the nobility 贵族(成员) [French aristocrate (as ARISTOCRATIC)]

aristocratic /ˌæristəˈkrætik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the aristocracy 贵族的 2  a  distinguished in manners or bearing 举止不凡的，贵族气派的b  grand; stylish 壮观的，显赫的；神气的 □ aristocratically  adv.   [French aristocratique from Greek aristokratikos (as ARISTOCRACY)]

Aristotelian /ˌæristəˈti:liən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (d. 322 BC) 亚里士多德学派的人 ●adj.  of or concerning Aristotle or his ideas 亚里士多德的；亚里士多德学派的

Aristotle's lantern /ˈæristɒt(ə)lz/ n. Zool.  a conical structure of calcareous plates and muscles supporting the rasping teeth of a sea urchin 【动】亚里士多德之灯(支撑着海胆锉牙的锥状钙质与肌肉组织)

Arita /əˈri:tə/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a type of Japanese porcelain characterized by asymmetric decoration 有田瓷器(产于日本，以其不对称花纹著称) [the town of Arita in Japan, where it is made]

arithmetic n. & adj. ●n. /əˈriθmətik/  1  a  the science of numbers 算术，算学b  one's knowledge of this 算术知识；算术能力  have improved my arithmetic  提高了我的算术能力 2  the use of numbers; computation 演算，计算  a problem involving arithmetic  一道需要计算的难题 ●adj. /æriθˈmetik/ (also 亦作 arithmetical /-ˈmetik(ə)l/)  of or concerning arithmetic 算术的；计算的 □ arithmetician  /əriθməˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French arismetique and Latin arithmetica from Greek arithmētikē (tekhnē) ‘art of counting’, from arithmos ‘number’]

arithmetic mean n.  the central number in an arithmetic progression (算术级数的)算术中项，算术平均(值)，等差中项

arithmetic progression n.  1  an increase or decrease by a constant quantity 算术级数，等差级数 (e.g. 例如 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 9, 7, 5, 3, etc.) 2  a sequence of numbers showing this 等差数列

arithmetic series n.  a series in arithmetic progression 算术级数序列；等差数列

-arium /ˈɛəriəm/ suffix  forming nouns usu. denoting a place (aquarium 水族馆 ; planetarium 天文馆) 构成名词，通常表示地点 [Latin, neut. of adjs. ending in -arius: see -ARY1]

Ariz. abbr.  Arizona [缩略] (美国)亚利桑那州

Ark. abbr.  Arkansas [缩略] (美国)阿肯色州

ark /ɑ:k/ n.  1  = NOAH'S ARK 1  2 archaic  a chest or box [古义]箱子，盒子 □ out of the ark  colloq.  very antiquated [口]极陈旧的，非常古老的 [Old English œrc from Latin arca ‘chest’]

Arkansas /ˈɑ:kənsɔ:/ n.  阿肯色河 [美国]

Ark of the Covenant n. (also 亦作 Ark of the Testimony)  a chest or cupboard containing the scrolls or tables of Jewish Law 圣约柜(内装有犹太法律书卷的箱子或柜子)

arm1 /ɑ:m/ n.  1  each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand 胳膊，臂膀 2  a  the forelimb of an animal (动物的)前肢b  the flexible limb of an invertebrate animal (e.g. an octopus) (章鱼等无脊椎动物的)腕触手 3  a  the sleeve of a garment 袖子b  the side part of a chair etc., used to support a sitter's arm (椅子等的)扶手c  a thing resembling an arm in branching from a main stem 臂状物；分支  an arm of the sea  海湾d  a large branch of a tree 大树枝 4  a control; a means of reaching 控制力；威力；手段  arm of the law  法律的威力 5  a subsidiary company or specialist branch of a business, institution, etc. (公司的)部门，分部；(机关的)附属部门 □ an arm and a leg  colloq.  a large sum of money [口]一大笔资金□ arm in arm  (of two or more persons) with arms linked (两个或更多人)臂挽臂□ as long as your (or my) arm  colloq.  very long [口]很长，特别长□ at arm's length   1  as far as an arm can reach 一臂之远，伸手可及之处 2  far enough to avoid undue familiarity 保持一定距离(以免过分亲昵)□ in arms  (of a baby) too young to walk (婴儿)尚不能行走□ in a person's arms   embraced 在某人的环抱中；被某人拥抱着□ on one's arm   supported by one's arm 在(某人)手臂的支撑□ under one's arm   between the arm and the body 夹在腋下□ within arm's reach   reachable without moving one's position 伸手可及□ with open arms   cordially 热烈地，友好地□ armful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ armless  adj.   [Old English, from Germanic]

arm2 /ɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a weapon 武器b  = FIREARM  2 (in pl. 用复数)  the military profession 军人职业，军事工作 3  a branch of the military (e.g. infantry, cavalry, artillery, etc.) 军种，兵种(例如步兵、骑兵、炮兵等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  heraldic devices 纹章，徽章  coat of arms  盾徽 ●v. tr. & refl.  1  supply with weapons 用武器装备 2  supply with tools or other requisites or advantages 提供；配备  armed with the truth  用真理武装起来 3  make (a bomb etc.) able to explode 使(炸弹等)可爆炸 □ in arms   armed 武装着的□ lay down one's arms   cease fighting 放下武器，停止战斗□ take up arms   begin fighting 开始战斗□ under arms   ready for war or battle 准备好战争(或战斗)□ up in arms  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, about)  actively rebelling 武装反叛□ armless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French armes (pl.), armer (v.), from Latin arma ‘arms, fittings’]

armada /ɑ:ˈmɑ:də/ n.  a fleet of warships, esp. that sent by Spain against England in 1588 舰队；(尤指西班牙于 1588 年进攻英国的)无敌舰队 [Spanish, from Romanic armata ‘army’]

armadillo /ɑ:məˈdiləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a nocturnal insect-eating edentate mammal of the family Dasypodidae, native to Central and S. America, with large claws for digging and a body covered in bony plates, often rolling itself into a ball when threatened 犰狳(一种产于中南美洲、食昆虫的贫齿目夜行哺乳动物，受到威胁时经常把身子卷缩成球状) [Spanish, diminutive of armado ‘armed man’ from Latin armatus, past part. of armare ‘to arm’]

Armageddon /ɑ:məˈɡed(ə)n/ n.  1 (in the New Testament) (据《新约全书》):a  the last battle between good and evil before the Day of Judgement (世界末日前夕的)善恶大决战b  the place where this will be fought 善恶大决战的战场 2  a bloody battle or struggle on a huge scale 伤亡惨重的大战 [Greek, from Hebrew har megiddōn ‘hill of Megiddo’: see Rev. 16:16]

armament /ˈɑ:məm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  military weapons and equipment, esp. guns on a warship 武器，军械，火力装备(尤指军舰上的炮) 2  the process of equipping for war 军备 3 archaic  a force equipped for war [古义]作战部队 [Latin armamentum (as ARM2, -MENT)]

armamentarium /ɑ:məmenˈtɛəriəm/ n. (pl. armamentaria /-riə/)  1  a set of medical equipment or drugs (医药的)设备，全套配备 2  the resources available to a person engaged in a task 补给，物质支持 [Latin, = arsenal]

armature /ˈɑ:mətʃə, -tjə/ n.  1  a  the rotating coil or coils of a dynamo or electric motor (发电机或电动机的)转子，电枢b  any moving part of an electrical machine in which a voltage is induced by a magnetic field (由磁场产生电压的)电机活动部件 2  = KEEPER 6  3 Biol.  the protective covering of an animal or plant 【生】(动植物的)防护器官 4  a metal framework on which a sculpture is moulded with clay or similar material (泥塑或其他雕塑的)金属骨架 5 archaic  arms; armour [古义]武器；盔甲 [French, from Latin armatura ‘armour’ (as ARM2, -URE)]

armband /ˈɑ:mbænd/ n.  a band worn around the upper arm to hold up a shirtsleeve or as a form of identification etc. (箍袖子用)臂带；袖章

armchair n.  1 /ɑ:mˈtʃɛə, ˈɑ:m-/  a comfortable, usu. upholstered, chair with side supports for the arms 扶手椅 2 /ˈɑ:mtʃɛə/ (作 attrib.)  theoretical rather than active or practical 空想的；闲适的；不切实际的  an armchair critic  一位空想的批评家

armed forces n. pl.  the army, navy, and air force as fighting resources (陆海空三军)武装部队

Armenia   亚美尼亚

Armenian /ɑ:ˈmi:niən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Armenia in the Caucasus (高加索地区的)亚美尼亚人b  a person of Armenian descent 亚美尼亚血统的人 2  the language of Armenia 亚美尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Armenia, its language, or the Christian Church established there c. 300 亚美尼亚人的；亚美尼亚语的；亚美尼亚基督教教会的

armhole /ˈɑ:mhəʊl/ n.  each of two holes in a garment through which the arms are put, usu. into a sleeve (衣服的)袖孔

armiger /ˈɑ:midʒə/ n.  a person entitled to heraldic arms 有资格佩戴军衔纹章的人 [Latin, = bearing arms, from arma ‘arms’ + gerere ‘bear’]

armillary sphere n. hist.  a representation of the celestial globe constructed from metal rings and showing the equator, the tropics, etc. [史义]浑天仪 [modern Latin armillaris from armilla ‘bracelet’]

Arminian /ɑ:ˈminiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to the doctrine of Arminius, a Dutch Protestant theologian (d. 1609), who opposed the views of Calvin, esp. on predestination (荷兰基督教新教神学家)阿米尼乌斯派教义的 ●n.  an adherent of this doctrine 阿米尼乌斯派信徒 □ Arminianism  n.  

armistice /ˈɑ:mistis/ n.  a stopping of hostilities by common agreement of the opposing sides; a truce 停战，休战；停战协定 [French armistice or modern Latin armistitium, from arma ‘arms’ (ARM2) + -stitium ‘stoppage’]

Armistice Day n.  the anniversary of the armistice of 11 Nov. 1918 (cf. 参见 REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY) 停战纪念日 (1918 年 11 月 11 日)

armlet /ˈɑ:mlit/ n.  1  a band worn round the arm 臂章 2  a small inlet of the sea, or branch of a river 小海湾；河汊

armlock /ˈɑ:mlɒk/ n.  a close hold by the arm in wrestling or judo (摔跤或柔道中的)锁臂，反扭手臂擒拿

armoire /ɑ:ˈmwɑ:/ n.  a cupboard or wardrobe, esp. one that is ornate or antique (尤指华丽或古典的)壁柜，衣橱 [French: see AUMBRY]

armor US var.  of ARMOUR [美] ARMOUR 的变体

armorer US var.  of ARMOURER [美] ARMOURER 的变体

armory1 /ˈɑ:məri/ n. (pl. -ies)  heraldry 纹章学 □ armorial  /ɑ:ˈmɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Old French armoierie: see ARMOURY]

armory2 US var.  of ARMOURY [美] ARMOURY 的变体

armour /ˈɑ:mə/ n. & v. (US [美] armor) ●n.  1  a defensive covering, usu. of metal, formerly worn to protect the body in fighting 盔甲，甲胄 2  a (in full 全称 armour-plate)  a protective metal covering for an armed vehicle, ship, etc. (装甲车、军舰等的)装甲，铁甲；装甲钢板b  armoured fighting vehicles collectively 装甲车(总称) 3  a protective covering or shell on certain animals and plants (某些动物或植物的)保护层；甲壳 4  heraldic devices 纹章图案 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 armoured adj.)  provide with a protective covering, and often with guns 给…装上盔甲；为…提供防御  armoured car  装甲汽车 armoured train  装甲火车 [Middle English via Old French armure from Latin armatura: see ARMATURE]

armourer /ˈɑ:mərə/ n. (US [美] armorer)  1  a maker or repairer of arms or armour 枪械制造者(或修理者) 2  an official in charge of a ship's or a regiment's arms (船舰或兵团武器的)军械士 [Anglo-French armurer, Old French -urier (as ARMOUR, -ER5)]

armoury /ˈɑ:məri/ n. (US also [美亦] armory) (pl. -ies)  1  a place where arms are kept; an arsenal 军械库，武器库 2  an array of weapons, defensive resources, usable material, etc. (一批)武器、弹药 3 US  a place where arms are manufactured [美]武器制造厂，兵工厂 4 (in pl. 用复数) (in Canada) a place where militia units drill and train (加拿大)部队操练场 [Middle English from Old French armoirie, armoierie from armoier ‘to blazon’, from arme ARM2: assimilated to ARMOUR]

armpit /ˈɑ:mpit/ n.  1  the hollow under the arm at the shoulder ; also called 亦称作 AXILLA 腋窝，夹肢窝 2 N. Amer. colloq.  a place or part considered disgusting or contemptible  the armpit of the world  世界的肮脏角落 [北美口]龌龊之地，肮脏的角落

armrest /ˈɑ:mrest/ n.  = ARM1 3b 

arms control n.  international disarmament or arms limitation, esp. by mutual agreement (尤指国际间达成协议的)军备控制

arms race n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons 军备竞赛

arm-twisting n. colloq.  persuasion by the use of physical force or (esp.) moral pressure [口] (通过施加压力，尤道义压力的)说服；强迫

arm-wrestling n.  a trial of strength in which each party tries to force the other's arm down on to a table on which their elbows rest 扳腕子(比手劲)

army /ˈɑ:mi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an organized force armed for fighting on land 陆军 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the military profession 军人职业 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a very large number 大量，大批  an army of locusts  大批蝗虫 an army of helpers  大批帮手 4  an organized body regarded as fighting for a particular cause (任何为一定目的奋斗的有组织的)团体  Salvation Army  救世军 [Middle English via Old French armee from Romanic armata, fem. past part. of armare ‘arm’]

army ant n.  any ant of the subfamily Dorylinae, foraging in large groups 行军蚁(任何集体搜寻食物的属于行军蚁亚科的蚁类)

Army List n. (in the UK) an official list of commissioned officers (英国)陆军军官名册

army worm n.  any of various moth or fly larvae occurring in destructive swarms 群蛾，群虫(任何具有破坏性的大群飞蛾或幼虫)

arnica /ˈɑ:nikə/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Arnica (daisy family), having erect stems bearing yellow daisy-like flower heads, e.g. mountain tobacco 山金车花 2  a medicine prepared from this, used for bruises etc. 山金车酊(一种药，用于治疗擦伤等) [modern Latin: ultimate origin unknown]

Arnold /ˈɑ:nld/   阿诺德 [人名]

aroid /ˈɛərɔid/ adj.  of or relating to the family Araceae, including arums 天南星科植物的 [ARUM + -OID]

aroma /əˈrəʊmə/ n.  1  a fragrance; a distinctive and pleasing smell, often of food 芳香，香气；(常指食物的)香味 2  a subtle pervasive quality 风味；韵味 [Latin, from Greek arōma -atos ‘spice’]

aromatherapy /ərəʊməˈθerəpi/ n.  the use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in massage or other treatment 芳香疗法(指使用芬芳植物提取物或油脂进行按摩或其他治疗) □ aromatherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ aromatherapist  n.  

aromatic /ærəˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fragrant, spicy; (of a smell) pleasantly pungent 芬芳的，馥郁的；(味道)芳香的，别有风味的 2 Chem. (of an organic compound) having an unsaturated ring, esp. containing a benzene ring 【化】(有机化合物)芳香族的 ●n.  an aromatic substance 芳香物质 □ aromatically  adv.  □ aromaticity  /ærəməˈtisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French aromatique and Late Latin aromaticus from Greek arōmatikos (as AROMA, -IC)]

aromatize /əˈrəʊmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert (a compound) into an aromatic structure 【化】使芳香；使(化合物)芳构化 □ aromatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

arose past  of ARISE.  

around /əˈraʊnd/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1  on every side; all round; round about 在…四周；围绕，环绕 2  in various places; here and there; at random 四处，各处；随便地  fool around  四处游荡 shop around  四处采购 3 colloq. [口]  a  in existence; available 存在，有  has been around for weeks  已存在几周时间了b  near at hand 在手头，在旁边  it's good to have you around  有你在旁边真好 4  approximately 大约  around 400 people attended  大约 400 人出席了 ●prep.  1  on or along the circuit of (成环型)围绕，沿着 2  on every side of; enveloping 在…周围；包围 3  here and there in; here and there near 到处；在…附近各处  chairs around the room  房间到处摆放的椅子 4 N. Amer. (and increasingly Brit.) [北美]  (亦渐见于英)a  round 拐弯，拐角  the church around the corner  拐角处的教堂b  approximately at; at a time near to 大约，前后  come around four o'clock  4 点左右来到 happened around June  发生在 6 月前后 □ have been around  colloq.  be widely experienced [口]经验丰富的，见过世面的 [A2 + ROUND]

arouse /əˈrɑʊz/ v. tr.  1  induce; call into existence (esp. a feeling, emotion, etc.) 唤起；引起(感情等) 2  awake from sleep 睡醒，醒来 3  stir into activity 激发；活跃起来 4  stimulate sexually 引起性欲 □ arousable  adj.  □ arousal  n.   [A-2 + ROUSE]

arpeggio /ɑ:ˈpedʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  the notes of a chord played in succession, either ascending or descending 【音】琶音(连续演奏的升或降的和弦音) [Italian, from arpeggiare ‘play the harp’ from arpa ‘harp’]

arquebus var.  of HARQUEBUS  HARQUEBUS 的变体

arr. abbr. [缩略]  1 Mus.  arranged by 【音】改编者 2  arrives 到达

arrack /ˈærək/ n. (also 亦作 arak /əˈræk/)  an alcoholic spirit, esp. distilled from coco sap or rice (尤指用椰汁或稻米酿制的)亚力酒，烧酒 [Arabic ˈarak ‘sweat’, ˈarak al-tamr ‘alcoholic spirit from dates’]

arraign /əˈrein/ v. tr.  1  indict before a tribunal; accuse 传讯，提审；指控 2  find fault with; call into question (an action or statement) 责难，非难；对(行为或言论)提出疑问 □ arraignment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French arainer from Old French araisnier (ultimately as AD-, Latin ratio -onis ‘reason, account’)]

arrange /əˈrein(d)ʒ/ v.  1 tr.  put into the required order; classify 整理；分类 2 tr.  plan or provide for; cause to occur 筹划，安排；促成  arranged a meeting  安排会议 3 tr.  settle beforehand the order or manner of 事先准备 4 intr.  take measures; form plans; give instructions 采取措施；制定计划；给予指示  arrange to be there at eight  安排 8 点钟到那里 arranged for a taxi to come  安排一辆出租车过来 will you arrange about the cake?  你来分蛋糕吧！ 5 intr.  come to an agreement 达成协议；商定  arranged with her to meet later  和她商定以后再会面 6 tr.  a Mus.  adapt (a composition) for performance with instruments or voices other than those originally specified 【音】改编(乐曲以适合乐器演奏或演唱)b  adapt (a play etc.) for broadcasting 改编(剧本等以适于广播) 7 tr. archaic  settle (a dispute, claim, etc.) [古义]解决，调解(纠纷、索赔等) □ arrangeable  adj.  □ arranger  n. (esp. in sense 6 尤用于释义 6)   [Middle English from Old French arangier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + rangier RANGE]

arrangement /əˈrein(d)ʒm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or process of arranging or being arranged 安排，料理；整理 2  the condition of being arranged; the manner in which a thing is arranged 排列，布置 3  something arranged 安排的事项；整理的东西 4 (in pl. 用复数)  plans, measures 计划；措施  make your own arrangements  做好你自己的计划 5 Mus.  a composition arranged for performance by different instruments or voices (see 见 ARRANGE 6a) 【音】(乐曲的)改编；改编曲 6  settlement of a dispute etc. (纠纷等的)调解，调停 [French (as ARRANGE, -MENT)]

arrant /ˈær(ə)nt/ attrib. adj.  downright, utter, notorious 彻头彻尾的，十足的；声名狼藉的  arrant liar  彻头彻尾的骗子 arrant nonsense  一派胡言 □ arrantly  adv.   [Middle English, variant of ERRANT, originally in phrases like arrant (= outlawed, roving) thief]

arras /ˈærəs/ n. hist.  a rich tapestry, often hung on the walls of a room, or to conceal an alcove [史义]花毯，挂毯 [from Arras, a town in NE France famous for the fabric]

array /əˈrei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an imposing or well-ordered series or display 整齐的一批；排列 2  an ordered arrangement, esp. of troops (尤指军队)队列，队形；编队  battle array  战斗队形 3 poet.  an outfit or dress [诗]衣冠，服装  in fine array  衣冠楚楚 4  a Math.  an arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; a matrix 【数】矩阵b Computing  an ordered set of related elements 【计算】数组，阵列 5 Law  a list of jurors empanelled 【法律】选任的陪审员名单 ●v. tr.  1  deck, adorn 装饰，打扮 2  set in order; marshal (forces) 排列；排成顺序；集合(部队) 3 Law  empanel (a jury) 【法律】选任(陪审员) [Middle English from Anglo-French araier, Old French areer, ultimately from Latin ad AR- + a Germanic root meaning ‘prepare’]

arrears /əˈriəz/ n. pl.  an amount still outstanding or uncompleted, esp. work undone or a debt unpaid 未完部分；(尤指)未完成的工作；应付欠款 □ in arrears (or arrear)   behindhand, esp. in payment 滞后；拖欠(尤指付款)□ arrearage  n.   [Middle English (originally as adv.) via Old French arere from medieval Latin adretro (as AD-, retro ‘backwards’): first used in the phrase in arrear]

arrest /əˈrest/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  seize (a person) and take into custody, esp. by legal authority (尤指被司法机关)逮捕；拘留b  seize (a ship) by legal authority (依法)扣留(船只) 2  stop or check (esp. a process or moving thing) 阻碍，阻止(尤指某一进程或运动着的事物) 3  a  attract (a person's attention) 吸引(注意力)b  attract the attention of (a person) 引起(某人)注意 ●n.  1  the act of arresting or being arrested, esp. the legal seizure of a person 逮捕；被捕 2  a stoppage or check 阻隔，阻止  cardiac arrest  心肌梗塞 □ arrest of judgement  Law  the staying of proceedings, notwithstanding a verdict, on the grounds of a material irregularity in the course of the trial 【法律】(因审判过程中的重大违规而对陪审团裁决采取的)延期判决，暂缓判决□ arrestingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French arester, ultimately from Latin restare ‘remain, stop’]

arrestable /əˈrestəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  susceptible of arrest 可以逮捕的；易阻断的 2 Law (esp. of an offence) such that the offender may be arrested without a warrant 【法律】(尤指犯罪)可无证逮捕的

arrester /əˈrestə/ n. (also 亦作 arrestor)  a device, esp. on an aircraft carrier, for slowing an aircraft by means of a hook and cable after landing (尤指航空母舰上制止飞机继续滑行的)制动装置，制动钩索

arrestment /əˈres(t)m(ə)nt/ n. esp. Sc.  attachment of property for the satisfaction of a debt [尤苏格兰] (抵偿债款的)财产扣押

arrhythmia /əˈriðmiə/ n. Med.  deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart 【医】心率失常，心率不齐 [Greek arruthmia ‘lack of rhythm’ (as A-1, RHYTHM, -IA1)]

arris /ˈæris/ n. Archit.  a sharp edge formed by the meeting of two flat or curved surfaces 【建】(两个平面或曲面相交而成的)尖脊，棱角 [corruption from French areste, modern ARÊTE]

arrival /əˈraiv(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of arriving 到达，到来b  an appearance on the scene 出现 2  a person or thing that has arrived 到达者；到达物 [Middle English from Anglo-French arrivaille (as ARRIVE, -AL)]

arrive /əˈraiv/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  1  reach a destination; come to the end of a journey or a specified part of a journey 到达，抵达  arrived in Tibet  到达西藏 arrived at the station  到达车站 arrived late  迟到 2 (foll. by 后跟 at)  reach (a conclusion, decision, etc.) 得到，达成(结论、决定等) 3 colloq.  establish one's reputation or position [口]建立(某人的)威信(或地位) 4 colloq. (of a child) be born [口] (孩子)出生，出世 5 (of a thing) be brought (东西)送到，运到  the flowers have arrived  那些花已经到了 6 (of a time) come (某时刻)到来  her birthday arrived at last  她的生日终于到了 [Middle English, in the sense ‘reach the end of a voyage’, from Old French ariver, ultimately as AD- + Latin ripa ‘shore’]

arriviste /æri:ˈvi:st/ n.  an ambitious or ruthlessly self-seeking person 一心想发迹的人；野心勃勃者；疯狂追求私利者 [French from arriver (as ARRIVE, -IST)]

arrière-pensée /æriɛəˈpɒnsei, 法 arjɛrpɑ˜se/ n.  1  an undisclosed motive 秘而不宣的动机 2  a mental reservation 保留在心里的想法 [French, = behind thought]

arrogant /ˈærəɡ(ə)nt/ adj. (of a person, attitude, etc.) aggressively assertive or presumptuous; overbearing (指人、态度等)傲慢的，自大的 □ arrogance  n.  □ arrogantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as ARROGATE, -ANT)]

arrogate /ˈærəɡeit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to oneself)  claim (power, responsibility, etc.) without justification 僭充，诈称；自称 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  attribute unjustly (to a person) 无正常理由地把…归属于(某人) □ arrogation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin arrogare arrogat- (as AD-, rogare ‘ask’)]

arrondissement /æˈrɒndi:smɑ˜, ærɒnˈdi:smɑ˜/ n.  1  a subdivision of a French department, for local government administration purposes 郡(法国的政区) 2  an administrative district of a large city, esp. Paris (尤指巴黎等大城市的)区 [French]

arrow /ˈærəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sharp pointed wooden or metal stick shot from a bow as a weapon 箭，矢 2  a drawn or printed etc. representation of an arrow indicating a direction; a pointer (画的或印制的、用以指示方向的)箭头；指针 ●v.  1 intr.  move like an arrow; move swiftly 箭一般穿过；飞速运动 2 tr. (as 作 arrowed adj.)  provided or marked with an arrow or arrows 用箭头指示，用箭头标出 □ arrowy  adj.   [Old English ar(e)we via Old Norse ör from Germanic]

arrow-grass n.  a marsh plant of the genus Triglochin 海韭菜(一种洼地植物)

arrowhead /ˈærəʊhed/ n.  1  the pointed end of an arrow 箭头 2  a water plant, Sagittaria sagittaria, with arrow-shaped leaves 慈菇(一种有箭头状叶子的水生植物) 3  a decorative device resembling an arrowhead 箭头状饰物

arrowroot /ˈærə(ʊ)ru:t/ n.  a plant of the family Marantaceae, esp. Maranta arundinacea of the W. Indies, from which a starch is prepared and used for nutritional and medicinal purposes (尤指产于西印度的)竹芋；竹芋粉(用作营养品或药品) [alteration of Arawak aru-aru (literally ‘meal of meals’) by assimilation to ARROW and ROOT1, the tubers having been used to absorb poison from arrow wounds]

arrow worm n.  = CHAETOGNATH 

arroyo /əˈrɔiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US [美]  1  a usu. dry gully cut by a stream, esp. in arid regions (尤指干旱地区的)小河谷，干旱的山沟 2  a brook or stream 小溪，小河 [Spanish]

arse /ɑ:s/ n. & v. (N. Amer. [北美] ass /æs/) coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  the buttocks 屁股，臀部 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, around)  play the fool 犯傻，干蠢事 [Old English œrs]

arsehole /ˈɑ:shəʊl/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] asshole /ˈæs-/) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  the anus 屁眼，肛门 2 offens.  a term of contempt for a person [冒犯]混蛋，笨蛋

arse-licking n. (N. Amer. [北美] ass-licking) coarse slang  obsequiousness for the purpose of gaining favour; toadying [粗俗俚语]拍马屁，无耻献媚 □ arse-licker  n.  

arsenal /ˈɑ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ n.  1  a store of weapons 军械库 2  a government establishment for the storage and manufacture of weapons and ammunition (政府的)兵工厂，军火库 3  resources of anything compared with weapons (e.g. abuse), regarded collectively (比喻)武库，宝库 [obsolete French arsenal or Italian arzanale from Arabic dɑˉrsinɑˉˈa, from dɑˉr ‘house’ + sinɑˉˈa ‘art, industry’ from sanaˈa ‘fabricate’]

arsenic n. & adj. ●n. /ˈɑ:s(ə)nik/  1 (in full 全称 white arsenic)  a non-scientific name for arsenic trioxide, a highly poisonous white powdery substance used in weedkillers, rat poison, etc. (用于除草、灭鼠等的)三氧化二砷，砒霜 2 Chem.  a brittle semi-metallic element, used in semiconductors and alloys (symbol 符 As) 【化】(化学元素)砷 ●adj. /ɑ:ˈsenik/  1  of or concerning arsenic 砷的 2 Chem.  containing arsenic with its higher valency of five 【化】含有五价砷的 □ arsenious  /ɑ:ˈsi:niəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin arsenicum from Greek arsenikon ‘yellow orpiment’, identified with arsenikos ‘male’, but in fact from Arabic al-zarnī, from al ‘the’ + zarnīk ‘orpiment’, ultimately from Persian zar ‘gold’]

arsenical /ɑ:ˈsenik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or containing arsenic 砷的；含砷的 ●n.  a drug containing arsenic 砷剂

arsenious /ɑ:ˈsi:niəs/ adj. Chem.  containing arsenic with its lower valency of three 【化】含有三价砷的

arsine /ˈɑ:si:n/ n. Chem.  arsenic trihydride, a colourless poisonous gas smelling slightly of garlic 【化】(含有轻微蒜味的无色毒气)砷化三氢 [ARSENIC on the pattern of amine]

arsis /ˈɑ:sis/ n. (pl. arses /-si:z/)  a stressed syllable or part of a metrical foot in Greek or Latin verse (opp. 反义词 THESIS 3) (古希腊或拉丁诗中音步的)强音节，强音部 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, = lifting, from airō ‘raise’]

arson /ˈɑ:s(ə)n/ n.  the act of maliciously setting fire to property 纵火 □ arsonist  n.   [legal Anglo-French, Old French, via medieval Latin arsio -onis from Latin ardēre ars- ‘burn’]

arsphenamine /ɑ:sˈfenəmi:n, -in/ n.  a drug formerly used in the treatment of syphilis and parasitic diseases 六○六，胂凡纳明(一种原用于治疗梅毒和寄生性病害的药品) [ARSENIC + PHENYL + AMINE]

art1 /ɑ:t/ n.  1  a  human creative skill or its application 艺术b  work exhibiting this 艺术作品 2  a (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  the various branches of creative activity concerned with the production of imaginative designs, sounds, or ideas, e.g. painting, music, writing, considered collectively (各种门类的)艺术(如绘画、音乐、写作等)b  any one of these branches (上述其中的一门)艺术 3  creative activity, esp. painting and drawing, resulting in visual representation 美术(尤指绘画和图画)  interested in music but not art  喜欢音乐但不喜欢美术 4  human skill or workmanship as opposed to the work of nature (与自然造物相对的)人为设计；人工  art and nature had combined to make her a great beauty  人工加上天然造就了她的绝色 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a skill, aptitude, or knack 技巧；才能；窍门  the art of writing clearly  写得清楚明白的技巧 keeping people happy is quite an art  取悦人颇是一门技巧 6 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  those branches of learning (esp. languages, literature, and history) associated with creative skill as opposed to scientific, technical, or vocational skills (区别于理、工科、职业技能的)文科(尤指语言、文学、历史) [Middle English via Old French from Latin ars artis]

art2 /ɑ:t/ archaic or dial. [古义] [方] 2nd sing. present  of BE 

art. abbr. [缩略]  article 

art deco /ˈdekəʊ/ n.  the predominant decorative art style of the period 1910 － 30, characterized by precise and boldly delineated geometric motifs, shapes, and strong colours (1910 至 1930 年流行的以几何图形和强烈颜色为主调的)装饰派艺术 [shortened from French art décoratif, from the 1925 Exposition des Arts décoratifs in Paris]

artefact /ˈɑ:tifækt/ n. (US [美] artifact)  1  a product of human art and workmanship 人工制品 2 Archaeol.  a product of prehistoric or aboriginal workmanship as distinguished from a similar object naturally produced 【考古】(有别于自然形成的)史前文物；原始手工艺品 3 Biol.  etc. a feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation (e.g. in the preparation of a microscope specimen) 【生】矫作物(一种非自然存在的形态，例如备制的显微镜标本) □ artefactual  adj. (in senses 1 and 2 用于释义 1 和 2)   [Latin arte (ablative of ars ‘art’) + factum (neut. past part. of facere ‘make’)]

artel /ɑ:ˈtel/ n.  an association of craftsmen, peasants, etc., in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union (前苏联之俄罗斯及其他一些国家由手工业者和农民等组成的)合作社 [Russian]

artemisia /ɑ:tiˈmizjə/ n.  an aromatic or bitter-tasting plant of the genus Artemisia (daisy family), which includes wormwood, mugwort, sagebrush, etc. 蒿属植物 [Latin from Greek, = wormwood, from Artemis, the name of a goddess, to whom it was sacred]

arterial /ɑ:ˈtiəriəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to an artery 动脉的  arterial blood  动脉血 2 (esp. of a road) main, important, esp. linking large cities or towns (尤指道路)主干的，干线的 [French artériel from artère ARTERY]

arterialize /ɑ:ˈtiəriəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  convert venous into arterial (blood) by reoxygenation esp. in the lungs (尤指在肺中)将静脉血充氧成为动脉血 2  provide with an arterial system 提供动脉系统 □ arterialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

arteriole /ɑ:ˈtiəriəʊl/ n.  a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries (导入毛细血管的)小动脉 [French artériole, diminutive of artère ARTERY]

arteriosclerosis /ɑ:ˌtiəriəʊskliəˈrəʊsis, -sklə-/ n.  the loss of elasticity and thickening of the walls of the arteries, esp. in old age; hardening of the arteries 动脉硬化 □ arteriosclerotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [ARTERY + SCLEROSIS]

artery /ˈɑ:təri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying usu. oxygen-enriched blood from the heart (cf. 参见 VEIN 1a) 动脉 2  a main road or railway line 主要道路；铁路干线 □ arteritis  /-ˈraitis/ n.   [Middle English via Latin arteria from Greek artēria, probably from airō ‘raise’]

artesian well /ɑ:ˈti:ziən, -ʒ(ə)n/ n.  a well bored perpendicularly, esp. through rock, into water-bearing strata lying at an angle, so that natural pressure produces a constant supply of water with little or no pumping (尤指垂直钻于岩层的)自流井，喷水井 [French artésien from Artois, an old French province, where such wells were first made]

Artex /ˈɑ:teks/ n. propr.  a kind of plaster applied to give a textured finish, often in decorative patterns, to walls and ceilings [商标]阿特克斯墙纸(一种有纹理墙纸) [ART1 + TEXTURE]

art form n.  1  any medium of artistic expression 艺术形式 2  an established form of composition (e.g. the novel, sonata, sonnet, etc.) 创作的固定形式，格式(如小说，奏鸣曲，十四行诗等)

artful /ˈɑ:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person or action) crafty, deceitful (指人或行为)狡诈的，骗人的 2  skilful, clever 巧妙的，机灵的 □ artfully  adv.  □ artfulness  n.  

arthritis /ɑ:ˈθraitis/ n.  any of various diseases, esp. rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, involving pain and stiffness of the joints 关节炎 □ arthritic  /-ˈθritik/ adj. & n.   [Latin from Greek, from arthron ‘joint’]

arthropod /ˈɑ:θrəpɒd/ n. Zool.  any invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, with a segmented body, jointed limbs, and an external skeleton, e.g. an insect, spider, or crustacean 【动】(节肢门)节肢动物，节足动物(如昆虫、蜘蛛或甲壳类动物) [Greek arthron ‘joint’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

Arthur /ˈɑ:θə/   阿瑟 [人名]

Arthurian /ɑ:ˈθjʊəriən/ adj.  relating to or associated with King Arthur, the legendary British ruler, or his court (传奇英国统治者)亚瑟王的；亚瑟王朝的

artichoke /ˈɑ:titʃəʊk/ n.  1  a European plant, Cynara scolymus, allied to the thistle 洋蓟 2 (in full 全称 globe artichoke)  the flower head of the artichoke, the bracts of which have edible bases (see also 另见 JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE) 朝鲜蓟(其花苞可食用) [Italian articiocco from Arabic al-karšūfa]

article /ˈɑ:tik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  an item or commodity, usu. not further distinguished 物件；商品，货品  a collection of odd articles  一批零散货品 2  a non-fictional essay, esp. one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc. (尤指报刊、杂志等上面的)文章；报道 3  a  a particular part (具体的)条款，条文  an article of faith  信条b  a separate clause or portion of any document 契约；章程  articles of apprenticeship  学徒契约 4 Gram.  the definite or indefinite article 【语法】冠词 ●v. tr.  bind by articles of apprenticeship 以学徒契约约束；订契约将…收为学徒 [Middle English via Old French from Latin articulus, diminutive of artus ‘joint’]

articled clerk n.  a trainee solicitor 实习律师

article of virtu n.  an article interesting because of its workmanship, antiquity, rarity, etc. 精品；古董；稀罕物

articular /ɑ:ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to the joints 关节的 [Middle English from Latin articularis (as ARTICLE, -AR1)]

articulate adj. & v. ●adj. /ɑ:ˈtikjʊlət/  1  able to speak fluently and coherently 说话流利的；善于表达的，口才好的 2 (of sound or speech) having clearly distinguishable parts (指声音或讲话)发音清晰的 3  having joints 有关节的 ●v. /ɑ:ˈtikjʊleit/  1 tr.  a  pronounce (words, syllables, etc.) clearly and distinctly 清晰地吐(字)；清晰地发(音)b  express (an idea etc.) coherently 连贯表达(思想等) 2 intr.  speak distinctly 清楚地说话  was quite unable to articulate  已根本不能把话说清楚 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  connect by joints 用接头(或关节)连接 4 tr.  mark with apparent joints 连接，联系 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  form a joint 形成连接，衔接 □ articulacy  n.  □ articulately  adv.  □ articulateness  n.  □ articulator  n.   [Latin articulatus (as ARTICLE, -ATE2)]

articulated lorry n. Brit.  a lorry consisting of two or more sections connected by a flexible joint [英]铰接式卡车，载重拖车

articulation /ɑ:ˌtikjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of speaking 说话；发音b  articulate utterance; speech 表达；话语 2  a  the act or a mode of jointing 连接；连接方式b  a joint 接头，衔接处 [French articulation or Latin articulatio, from articulare ‘joint’ (as ARTICLE, -ATION)]

artifact US var.  of ARTEFACT [美] ARTEFACT 的变体

artifice /ˈɑ:tifis/ n.  1  a clever device; a contrivance 巧计；奸计；妙想 2  a  cunning 狡猾，狡诈b  an instance of this 狡诈行为 3  skill, dexterity 技巧；手段 [French from Latin artificium, from ars artis ‘art’ + -ficium ‘making’ from facere ‘make’]

artificer /ɑ:ˈtifisə/ n.  1  an inventor 发明者，创造者 2  a craftsman 工匠，巧匠；技工 3  a skilled mechanic in the armed forces (部队中的)技术兵 [Middle English from Anglo-French, probably alteration of Old French artificien]

artificial /ɑ:tiˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  produced by human art or effort rather than originating naturally 人造的，非天然的  an artificial lake  人工湖 2  not real; imitation, fake 假的；仿制的  artificial flowers  假花 3  affected, insincere 装出的，做作的；虚伪的  an artificial smile  装出的微笑 □ artificiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ artificially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French artificiel or Latin artificialis (as ARTIFICE, -AL)]

artificial insemination n.  the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other than by sexual intercourse 人工授精

artificial intelligence n.  the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as decision-making and speech recognition (有关能够完成需要人的智能的工作如决策和语音识别的计算机系统的理论和开发)人工智能

artificial kidney n.  an apparatus that performs the functions of the human kidney (outside the body), when one or both organs are damaged Also called 亦称作 kidney machine (体外)人工肾

artificial respiration n.  the restoration or initiation of breathing by manual or mechanical or mouth-to-mouth methods (用手工、器械或口对口做的)人工呼吸

artificial silk n.  rayon 人造丝，人造纤维

artillery /ɑ:ˈtiləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  large-calibre guns used in warfare on land (陆战用大口径)火炮，大炮 2  a branch of the armed forces that uses these 炮兵部队 □ artillerist  n.   [Middle English from Old French artillerie from artiller, alteration of atillier, atirier ‘equip, arm’]

artilleryman /ɑ:ˈtilərimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of the artillery 炮兵，炮手

artiodactyl /ɑ:tiə(ʊ)ˈdæktil/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the order Artiodactyla of ungulate mammals with two main toes on each foot, including camels, pigs, and ruminants (包括骆驼、猪、反刍动物等)偶蹄动物的 ●n.  an animal of this order 偶蹄类，偶蹄动物 [modern Latin Artiodactyla, from Greek artios ‘even’ + daktulos ‘finger, toe’]

artisan /ɑ:tiˈzæn, ˈɑ:tizæn/ n.  a skilled (esp. manual) worker; a craftsman (尤指手工的)技术工人，技工；工匠 [French from Italian artigiano, ultimately from Latin artitus, past part. of artire ‘instruct in the arts’]

artist /ˈɑ:tist/ n.  1  a painter 画家 2  a person who practises any of the arts 艺术家 3  an artiste 艺人，歌舞演员 4  a person who works with the dedication and attributes associated with an artist 能手，行家，大师  an artist in crime  犯罪行家 5 colloq.  a devotee; a habitual practiser of a specified (usu. reprehensible) activity [口]成癖者；专家  con artist  抬杠专家 □ artistry  n.   [French artiste from Italian artista (as ART1, -IST)]

artiste /ɑ:ˈti:st/ n.  a professional performer, esp. a singer or dancer (尤指歌唱或舞蹈)专业演员，艺人 [French: see ARTIST]

artistic /ɑ:ˈtistik/ adj.  1  having natural skill in art 有艺术天赋的 2  made or done with art 讲究艺术的 3  of art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的 □ artistically  adv.  

artless /ˈɑ:tlis/ adj.  1  guileless, ingenuous 不诡诈的；天真单纯的 2  not resulting from or displaying art 缺乏艺术的；无艺术修养的 3  clumsy 拙劣的，粗俗的 □ artlessly  adv.  

art nouveau /ɑ: nu:ˈvəʊ/ n.  a European art style of the late 19th c. characterized by flowing lines and natural organic forms 新艺术(一种流行于 19 世纪后期的以流畅线条和自然形态为主要特征的欧洲艺术风格) [French, = new art]

art of war n.  strategy and tactics 军事策略，战略战术

art paper n. Brit.  smooth-coated high-quality paper [英]上光的美术纸，铜版纸

arts and crafts n. pl.  decorative design and handicraft 装饰设计和手工艺

artwork /ˈɑ:twɜ:k/ n.  the illustrations in a printed work 艺术插图

arty /ˈɑ:ti/ adj. (also esp. N. Amer. [亦尤北美] artsy /ˈɑ:tsi/) (-ier, -iest) colloq.  pretentiously or affectedly artistic [口]装出艺术家气派的，附庸风雅的 □ artiness  n.  

arty-crafty adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  quaintly artistic 冒充有艺术价值的 2 (of furniture etc.) seeking stylistic effect rather than usefulness or comfort (家具等)追求观赏效果而不实用(或不舒适)的

arty-farty adj. (also 亦作 artsy-fartsy) colloq.  pretentiously artistic [口]故作风雅的

arugula /əˈru:ɡjʊlə/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROCKET2 2  [Italian dialect, ultimately diminutive of Latin eruca]

arum /ˈɛərəm/ n.  1  a plant of the European genus Arum, usu. stemless with arrow-shaped leaves and a white spathe, e.g. cuckoo-pint 海芋属植物 2  any of several other plants of the family Araceae 天南星科植物 [Latin, from Greek aron]

arum lily n. esp. Brit.  a tall lily-like aroid plant of the African genus Zantedeschia Also called 亦称作 calla lily [尤英]马蹄莲

Arunta var.  of ARANDA  ARANDA 的变体

arvo /ˈɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. slang  afternoon [澳] [俚语]下午 [abbreviation]

-ary1 /əri/ suffix  1  forming adjectives (budgetary 预算的 ; contrary 相反的 ; primary 主要的 ; unitary 单一的) 构成形容词 2  forming nouns (dictionary 字典 ; fritillary 贝母属植物 ; granary 谷仓 ; January 一月) 构成名词 [French -aire or Latin -arius ‘connected with’]

-ary2 /əri/ suffix  forming adjectives (military 军事的) 构成形容词 [French -aire or from Latin -aris ‘belonging to’]

Aryan /ˈɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the peoples speaking any of the languages of the Indo-European (esp. Indo-Iranian) family 雅利安人(操印欧语系任何语言的各族人民) 2  the parent language of this family 印欧语系语言 3 (in Nazi ideology) a Caucasian not of Jewish descent (纳粹所谓的)非犹太血统的白种人 ●adj.  of or relating to Aryan or the Aryans 印欧语系语言的；雅利安人的 [Sanskrit ɑˉryas ‘noble’]

aryl /ˈærail, -ril/ n. Chem.  a radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】芳基，芳烃基 [German Aryl (as AROMATIC, -YL)]

arête /əˈret, əˈreit/ n.  a sharp mountain ridge 陡峭的山脊，刃岭 [French, from Latin arista ‘ear of corn, fishbone, spine’]

AS abbr. [缩略]  Anglo-Saxon 

As symb. Chem.  the element arsenic [符]【化】(化学元素)砷

as1 /æz, əz/ adv., conj. & pron. ●adv. & conj. (adv. as antecedent in main sentence 用作主句中的先行词 ; conj. in relative clause expressed or implied 用于表明的或暗含的关系从句中)  ... to the extent to which ... is or does etc.  I am as tall as he  我和他一样高 am as tall as he is  和他一样高 am not so tall as he  不如他高 (colloq. [口]) am as tall as him  和他一般高 as many as six  多达 6 个 as recently as last week  就在上个星期 it is not as easy as you think  不像你想的那么简单  ●conj. (with relative clause expressed or implied 用于表明的或暗含的关系从句)  1 (with antecedent so)  expressing result or purpose (以 so 为先行词)表示结果或目的  came early so as to meet us  为见我们提早来了 we so arranged matters as to avoid a long wait  我们如此安排为的是避免久等 so good as to exceed all hopes  好得出乎所有企望 2 (with antecedent adverb omitted) having concessive force (先行副词省略)尽管，虽然  good as it is  = although it is good 尽管那很不错 try as he might  = although he might try 尽管他可能尝试 3 (without antecedent adverb 无先行副词)  a  in the manner in which 以…的方式；如同…一样  do as you like  按你喜欢的做 was regarded as a mistake  被视为一个错误 they rose as one man  他们像一个人一样起来反抗b  in the capacity or form of 以…身份(或形式)  I speak as your friend  我以你朋友身份说 Olivier as Hamlet  奥利维埃扮演哈姆雷特 as a matter of fact  其实c  during or at the time that 在…同时；当…时候  came up as I was speaking  在我说话时走过来 fell just as I reached the door  就在我到达门口时倒下d  for the reason that; seeing that 既然，由于；鉴于…  as you are here, we can talk  既然你在这儿，我们可以谈谈e  for instance 例如，诸如  cathedral cities, as York  诸如约克这样的大教区城市 ●rel. pron. (with verb of relative clause expressed or implied 与关系从句动词连用)  1  that, who, which 相当于 that, who 或 which  I had the same trouble as you  我有和你一样的麻烦 he is a writer, as is his wife  他是作家，他妻子也是 such money as you have  如你拥有的那些钱 such countries as France  像法国这样的国家 2 (with sentence as antecedent) a fact that (以句子为先行成分)事实上  he lost, as you know  他输了，这是你知道的 □ as and when   to the extent and at the time that 到…程度和当…时候  I'll do it as and when I want to  到了我想要做的时候，我就会去做□ as for   with regard to 至于  as for you, I think you are wrong  至于你，我认为你错了□ as from  esp. Brit.  on and after (a specified date) [尤英]从(某一日期)开始□ as if (or though)   as would be the case if 好像，似乎  acts as if he were in charge  表现得好像他是负责人似的 as if you didn't know!  好像你真不知道似的！ looks as though we've won  看来我们似乎胜了□ as it is (or as is)   in the existing circumstances or state 按现状；实际上□ as it were   in a way; to a certain extent 可以说；在某种程度上  he is, as it were, infatuated  他可说是入迷了□ as long as   see 见 LONG1 □ as much   see 见 MUCH □ as of   1  = as from  2  as at (a specified time) 在(某一时刻)□ as per   see 见 PER 3 □ as regards   see 见 REGARD □ as soon as   see 见 SOON □ as such   see 见 SUCH □ as though   see 见 as if □ as to   with respect to; concerning 至于；有关，关于  said nothing as to money  根本没有提钱的事 as to you, I think you are wrong  至于你，我认为你错了□ as was  Brit.  in the previously existing circumstances or state [英]按以前的情况(或状况)□ as well   see 见 WELL1 □ as yet   until now or a particular time in the past 直到目前；直到以前的某一时刻 usu. with neg. and with implied reserve about the future 通常用于否定句，并对将来的情况带有否定的意味 : have received no news as yet  还没有收到什么消息 [reduced form of Old English alswɑˊ ALSO]■Usage 用法说明 In comparisions expressed by as ... as, the pronoun standing for the subject of the second half of the phrase should, strictly, be in the nominative case, i.e. I am not as wealthy as he/ she/ they. However, in all but very formal contexts, the accusative or object case is now acceptable, i.e. I am not as wealthy as her/ him/ them. These comments also apply to so ... as and the same ... as, e.g. We're not so eager as them/ (formal) they; I live in the same street as her/ (formal) she. As from and as of, meaning ‘from’ or ‘after’ should be followed by a particular date, e.g. as from 15 October. Phrases such as as of now, as of yesterday, etc. should be used only in informal contexts. 在用 as... as... 句型进行比较时，充当短语后半部主语的代词应该用主格，例如 I am not as wealthy as he/ she/ they 。然而在不十分正式的文体中，现在有采用宾格趋势，如 I am not as wealthy as her/ him/ them 。此用法亦适用于短语 so... as..., the same... as... 等。例如 We are not so eager as them / (正式) they; I live in the same street as her / (正式) she 。在 as from 和 as of 作为“始于”或“从 … 以后”使用时，后面应跟具体日期，如 as from 15 October 短语 as of now, as of yesterday 等仅用于非正式文体。 

as2 /æs/ n. (pl. asses)  a Roman copper coin 阿斯(一种古罗马铜币) [Latin: see ACE]

as- /æs, əs/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before s (在 s 前)AD- 的同化形式

ASA abbr. [缩略]  1  Amateur Swimming Association 业余游泳协会 2  American Standards Association (esp. in film-speed specification, as 200 ASA) 美国标准协会(尤用于速度标准，如 200ASA)

asafoetida /æsəˈfi:tidə, -ˈfet-/ n. (US [美] asafetida)  a resinous plant gum with a fetid ammoniac smell, formerly used in medicine, now as a herbal remedy and in Indian cooking 阿魏(一种植物树脂，以前用作药品，现用作草药，在印度亦食用) [Middle English from medieval Latin, from asa (from Persian azɑˉ ‘mastic’) + fetida (as FETID)]

a.s.a.p. abbr.  as soon as possible [缩略]尽快

asbestos /æzˈbestɒs, æs-, -təs/ n.  1  a fibrous silicate mineral that is incombustible 石棉 2  this used as a heat-resistant or insulating material 石棉隔热(或绝缘)材料 □ asbestine  /-tin/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French albeston, ultimately from Greek asbestos ‘unquenchable’ (as A-1 + sbestos from sbennumi ‘quench’)]

asbestosis /æzbeˈstəʊsis, æs-/ n.  a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles 石棉沉滞症(一种因吸入石棉颗粒物而导致的肺病)

ascarid /ˈæskərid/ n. (also 亦作 ascaris /-ris/)  a parasitic nematode worm of the genus Ascaris, e.g. the intestinal roundworm of humans and pigs (人和猪肠中的)蛔虫 [modern Latin ascaris from Greek askaris]

ascend /əˈsend/ v.  1 intr.  move upwards; rise 朝上移动；上升 2 intr.  a  slope upwards (坡度)向上b  lie along an ascending slope 位于向上倾斜的坡上 3 tr.  climb; go up 攀登；登上 4 intr.  rise in rank or status 晋升，升级 5 tr.  mount upon 骑上 6 intr. (of sound) rise in pitch (音调)提高，变尖 7 tr.  go along (a river) to its source 追溯；溯流而上 8 intr. Printing (of a letter) have part projecting upwards 【印刷】(字母)向上凸起 □ ascend the throne   become king or queen (君主)登基 [Middle English from Latin ascendere (as AD-, scandere ‘climb’)]

ascendancy /əˈsend(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 ascendency) (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a superior or dominant condition or position 优势，优越；支配地位

ascendant /əˈsend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rising 上升的 2 Astron.  rising towards the zenith 【天】升向天顶的 3 Astrol.  just above the eastern horizon 【占】刚刚高于东方地平线的，露出东方地平线的 4  predominant 优势的，支配的 ●n. Astrol.  the point of the sun's apparent path that is ascendant at a given time 【占】(太阳上升时的)星位  Aries in the ascendant  星位上的白羊星座 □ in the ascendant   1  supreme or dominating 处于优势；处于支配地位 2  rising; gaining power or authority 正在上升中；正在交好运；正在获得权势 [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as ASCEND, -ANT)]

ascender /əˈsendə/ n.  1  a  a part of a letter that extends above the main part (as in b and d) 字母的向上凸出部分(如 b 和 d 的上部)b  a letter having this 有向上凸出部分的字母 2  a person or thing that ascends 上升的人(或物)

ascension /əˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascending 上升，升高；攀登，登高 2 (作 Ascension)  the ascent of Christ into heaven on the fortieth day after the Resurrection 耶稣升天(复活后第 40 天) □ ascensional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin ascensio -onis (as ASCEND, -ION)]

Ascension Day n.  the Thursday forty days after Easter on which Christ's ascension is celebrated 耶稣升天节(复活节后 40 天的星期四)

Ascensiontide /əˈsenʃ(ə)ntaid/ n.  the period of ten days from Ascension Day to Whitsun Eve 耶稣升天节期间(自升天节至圣灵降临节除夕的 10 天)

ascent /əˈsent/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascending 上升，升高；登高 2  a  an upward movement or rise 提高；向上运动b  advancement or progress 上进，进步  the ascent of man  人类的进步 3  a way by which one may ascend; an upward slope 向上的路线；上坡路 [ASCEND, on the pattern of descent]

ascertain /æsəˈtein/ v. tr.  1  find out as a definite fact 弄清，查明；确定 2  get to know 了解，知晓 □ ascertainable  adj.  □ ascertainment  n.   [Middle English from Old French acertener, stem acertain-, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + CERTAIN]

ascesis /əˈsi:sis/ n.  the practice of self-discipline 自律；禁欲；苦行 [Greek askēsis ‘training’, from askeō ‘exercise’]

ascetic /əˈsetik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who practises severe self-discipline and abstains from all forms of pleasure, esp. for religious or spiritual reasons 禁欲者；苦行僧 ●adj.  relating to or characteristic of ascetics or asceticism; abstaining from pleasure 禁欲的；苦行的 □ ascetically  adv.  □ asceticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [medieval Latin asceticus or Greek askētikos from askētēs ‘monk’, from askeō ‘exercise’]

ascidian /əˈsidiən/ n. Zool.  a tunicate animal of the class Ascidiacea, the adults of which are sedentary on rocks or seaweeds often in colonies, e.g. the sea squirt 【动】海鞘类动物；海鞘 [modern Latin Ascidia from Greek askidion, diminutive of askos ‘wineskin’]

ASCII /ˈæski/ abbr. Computing  American Standard Code for Information Interchange [缩略]【计算】美国信息互换标准代码

ascites /əˈsaiti:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Med.  the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling 【医】腹水 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, from askitēs from askos ‘wineskin’]

ascorbic acid /əˈskɔ:bik/ n.  a vitamin found in citrus fruits and green vegetables, essential in maintaining healthy connective tissue, and a deficiency of which results in scurvy Also called 亦称作 vitamin C 抗坏血酸 [A-1 + medieval Latin scorbutus ‘scurvy’ + -IC]

ascribe /əˈskraib/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  attribute or impute 归因于；归咎于  ascribes his well-being to a sound constitution  把他的幸福生活归因于一个健康的体质 2  regard as belonging 认为属于，归属于 □ ascribable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin ascribere (as AD-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

ascription /əˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ascribing 归因；归属 2  a preacher's words ascribing praise to God at the end of a sermon (教士在结束布道时对上帝的)赞美词 [Latin ascriptio -onis (as ASCRIBE)]

asdic /ˈæzdik/ n. esp. Brit.  an early form of echo sounder [尤英]潜艇探索器(一种早期声纳) [acronym from Allied Submarine Detection Investigation Committee]

-ase /eiz/ suffix Biochem.  forming the name of an enzyme (amylase 淀粉酶) 【生化】构成酶类名词 [DIASTASE]

ASEAN /ˈæsiən/ abbr.  Association of South East Asian Nations [缩略]东南亚国家联盟，东盟

asepsis /eiˈsepsis/ n.  1  the absence of harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms 无菌；无病毒 2  a method of achieving asepsis in surgery (外科上的)无菌处理法

aseptic /eiˈseptik/ adj.  1  free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms 无菌的，无病毒的；无污染的 2 (of a wound, instrument, or dressing) surgically sterile or sterilized (伤口、器械、衣物等)经外科手术消毒的 3 (of a surgical method etc.) aiming at the elimination of harmful micro-organisms, rather than counteraction (cf. 参见 ANTISEPTIC) (手术方法等)排除有害细菌的

asexual /eiˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1 Biol.  without sex or sexual organs 【生】无性的；无性器官的 2 Biol. (of reproduction) not involving the fusion of gametes 【生】无性生殖的 3  without sexuality 无性行为的；无性欲的 □ asexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ asexually  adv.  

ASH /æʃ/ abbr. (in the UK) Action on Smoking and Health [缩略] (英国)禁烟与健康行动

ash1 /æʃ/ n.  1  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  the powdery residue left after the burning of any substance 灰，灰烬b Chem.  such residue used in chemical analysis, e.g. to assess mineral content 【化】(用于化学分析中的)灰末，粉末 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the remains of the human body after cremation or disintegration (人体焚化后的)骨灰 3 (作 the Ashes) Cricket  a trophy competed for regularly by Australia and England 【板球】(澳大利亚和英格兰定期举行的板球赛之后)板球柱焚烧时留下的灰烬，锦标 4  ashlike material thrown out by a volcano 火山灰 [Old English œsce]

ash2 /æʃ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 ash tree)  any forest tree of the genus Fraxinus, with silver-grey bark, compound leaves, and hard, tough, pale wood 梣树，白蜡树 2  its wood 梣木 3  an Old English runic letter (named from a word of which it was the first letter) 梣字符(古英语的一个字母) [Old English œsc, from Germanic]

ashamed /əˈʃeimd/ adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of (= with regard to,) for (= on account of,) or to + infin.)  embarrassed or disconcerted by shame 羞愧的，惭愧的  ashamed of his aunt  为他的姨妈惭愧 ashamed of having lied  很羞愧撒了谎 ashamed for you  为你害臊 ashamed to be seen with him  很羞愧被人看到和他在一起 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  hesitant, reluctant (but usu. not actually refusing or declining) 踌躇的；不情愿的(但通常并不拒绝)  am ashamed to admit that I was wrong  我很难为情地承认我错了 □ ashamedly  /-midli/ adv.   [Old English ɑˉscamod, past part. of ɑˉscamian ‘feel shame’ (as A-2, SHAME)]

ash blonde n. & adj. (US also [美亦] ash blond) ●n.  1  a very pale blonde colour 淡金发色，银灰色 2  a person with hair of this colour 银灰色头发的人 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  very pale blonde 银灰色的

ashcan /ˈæʃkæn/ n. US  a dustbin [美]垃圾桶，垃圾箱

ashen1 /ˈæʃ(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or resembling ashes 灰烬的；像灰的 2  ash-coloured; grey or pale 灰白色的；苍白的

ashen2 /ˈæʃ(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or relating to the ash tree 梣树的；梣木的 2 archaic  made of ashwood [古义]由梣木制成的

ashen-faced adj.  very pale, esp. from shock or exhaustion (尤指因惊吓或疲劳)面色苍白的

ashet /ˈæʃit/ n. Sc. & NZ  a large plate or dish [苏格兰新]大盘子 [French assiette]

Ashkenazi /æʃkəˈnɑ:zi/ n. (pl. Ashkenazim /-zim/)  1  an East European Jew 东欧犹太人 2  a Jew of East European ancestry (cf. 参见 SEPHARDI) 祖先为东欧人的犹太人 □ Ashkenazic  adj.   [modern Hebrew, from Ashkenaz (Gen. 10:3)]

ash-key n. Brit.  the winged seed of the ash tree, growing in clusters resembling keys [英]梣树的翅果(长成一簇，很像钥匙串)

ashlar /ˈæʃlə/ n.  1  a large square-cut stone used in building (凿好用于建筑的)方石，料石 2  masonry made of ashlars 方石建筑 3  such masonry used as a facing on a rough rubble or brick wall (装饰碎石或砖墙面用的)方石结构 [Middle English via Old French aisselier from Latin axilla, diminutive of axis ‘board’]

ashlaring /ˈæʃləriŋ/ n.  1  ashlar masonry 块石，石板 2  the short upright boarding in a garret which cuts off the acute angle between the roof and the floor (用以去掉屋顶与顶层楼板间的锐角并构成墙壁的)直立短柱壁骨

ashore /əˈʃɔ:/ adv.  towards or on the shore or land 向岸边(或陆地)；在岸上(或陆地)  sailed ashore  向岸边驶去 stayed ashore  留在岸上

ashpan /ˈæʃpæn/ n.  a tray under a grate to catch the ash (在炉子格栅下面接灰的)灰盘

ashplant /ˈæʃplɑ:nt/ n.  a sapling from an ash tree, used as a walking stick etc. 梣树的幼枝(用于制作手杖等)

ashram /ˈæʃrəm/ n.  1 (in the Indian subcontinent) a place of religious retreat; a hermitage (印度高僧的)修行处；隐居处 2  any place of religious retreat or community life modelled on the Indian ashram (以印度教修行处为模式的宗教或社区生活的)聚会场所、社交场所 [Sanskrit ɑˉshrama ‘hermitage’]

ashtray /ˈæʃtrei/ n.  a small receptacle for cigarette ash, stubs, etc. 烟灰缸

Ash Wednesday n.  the first day of Lent 圣灰星期三(大斋节的第一天) [from the custom of marking the foreheads of penitents with ashes on that day]

ashy /ˈæʃi/ adj.  1  = ASHEN1  2  covered with ashes 布满灰尘的

Asia /ˈeiʃə/ n.  亚洲，亚细亚

Asian /ˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Asia 亚洲人 2  a person of Asian descent 亚裔人 ●adj.  of or relating to Asia or its people, customs, or languages 亚洲的；亚洲人的 [Latin Asianus from Greek Asianos, from Asia]■Usage 用法说明 Asian is the preferred term when referring to people, with Asiatic now widely considered derogatory. In Britain it is the usual term for people who come from (or whose parents came from) the Indian subcontinent, while in North America it commonly also includes people from the Far East. 现常用 Asian 指亚洲人，而 Asiatic 一般认为带有贬义。在英国 Asiatic 一词常被用来指印度次大陆人(或其后裔)，在北美该词亦包括远东人。 

Asiatic /eiʃiˈætik, eiz-/ n. & adj. ●n. offens.  an Asian [冒犯]亚洲人 ●adj. (offens. if used of people)  Asian (如用于指人带有贬义)亚洲的；亚洲人的 [Latin Asiaticus from Greek Asiatikos]■Usage 用法说明 Asiatic is now acceptable only as an adjective, and is found chiefly in geographical, zoological, and medical contexts, e.g. Asiatic coastal regions; Asiatic gold plover; Asiatic cholera. See also Usage Note as ASIAN. Asiatic 一词现一般仅用于形容词，且只用于地理、动物、医学等领域。例如 Asiatic coastal regions (亚洲沿海地区)； Asiatic gold plover (亚洲千鸟)； Asiatic cholera (亚洲霍乱)等。另见 ASIAN 用法注释。 

A-side /ˈeisaid/ n.  the side of a gramophone record regarded as the main one (留声机唱片的)主面，正面

aside /əˈsaid/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  to or on one side; away 到一边；在旁边；远在一边 2  out of consideration 撇开，除去 placed after noun 放在名词之后 : joking aside  玩笑归玩笑 ●n.  1  words spoken in a play for the audience to hear, but supposed not to be heard by the other characters (戏剧的)旁白 2  an incidental remark 临时插入的话 □ aside from   apart from 除…以外□ set aside   1  put to one side 搁在一边 2  keep for a special purpose or future use 留下，积攒(供将来使用) 3  reject or disregard 拒绝；无视，不顾 4  annul 废除 5  remove (land) from agricultural production for fallow, forestry, or other use 使(农田)休耕(或用于其他)□ take aside   engage (a person) esp. for a private conversation 把(某人)叫到一边(尤指密谈) [originally on side: see A2]

asinine /ˈæsinain/ adj.  1  stupid 愚蠢的，笨的 2  of or concerning asses; like an ass 驴的；像驴的 □ asininity  /-ˈniniti/ n.   [Latin asininus from asinus ‘ass’]

-asis /əsis/ suffix (usu. as 通常作 -iasis)  forming the names of diseases (psoriasis 牛皮癣 ; satyriasis 男子色情狂) 构成病名 [Latin, from Greek -asis in nouns denoting a state or condition from verbs ending in -aō]

ask /ɑ:sk/ v.  1 tr.  call for an answer to or about 问，询问，打听  ask her about it  向她打听此事 ask him his name  问他的名字 ask a question of him  问他一个问题 2 tr.  seek to obtain from another person 请求(给予)；征求  ask a favour of  请求…的帮忙 ask to be allowed  请求准许 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out or over, or to invite) ; request the company of 邀请；请求陪同  must ask them over  一定要邀上他们 asked her to dinner  请她吃饭 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek to obtain, meet, or be directed to 寻求，谋求；询问(方向)  ask for a donation  寻求捐助 ask for the post office  询问去邮局的方向 asking for you  正找你 5 tr. archaic  require (a thing) [古义]要求(某东西) □ ask after   enquire about (esp. a person) 询问(某人)□ ask for it  colloq.  invite trouble [口]自找麻烦□ ask me another  colloq.  I do not know [口]我不知道□ for the asking  (obtainable) for nothing 只需问一下(就可获得)□ I ask you!   an exclamation of disgust, surprise, etc. 请问！(惊叹语，表示厌恶、吃惊等)□ if you ask me  colloq.  in my opinion [口]依我看□ asker  n.   [Old English ɑˉscian etc., from West Germanic]

askance /əˈskæns, əˈskɑ:ns/ adv. (also 亦作 askant /-ˈskænt, -ˈskɑ:nt/)  sideways or squinting 斜着；斜视地 □ look askance at   regard with suspicion or disapproval 怀疑地(或不赞同地)看着 [15th c.: origin unknown]

askari /əˈskɑ:ri/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or askaris)  an E. African soldier or police officer 东非土著人士兵(或警察) [Arabic ˈaskarī ‘soldier’]

askew /əˈskju:/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  obliquely; awry 歪斜地；不正确地 ●predic. adj.  oblique; awry 歪斜的；不正确的，错的 [A2 + SKEW]

asking price n.  the price of an object set by the seller (售者自定的)询问价

aslant /əˈslɑ:nt/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  obliquely or at a slant 倾斜地 ●prep.  obliquely across 斜向，歪向  lay aslant the path  斜躺在小路上

asleep /əˈsli:p/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  a  in or into a state of sleep 睡着(的)；进入睡眠状态  he fell asleep  他睡着了b  inactive, inattentive 不活跃的；漫不经心的  the nation is asleep  这个民族死气沉沉 2 (of a limb etc.) numb (四肢等)麻木地(的) 3 euphem.  dead [婉]长眠的，已死的

Aslef /ˈæzlef/ abbr. (in the UK) Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen [缩略] (英国)火车司机与司炉人员联合会 [acronym]

AS level n.  = ADVANCED SUPPLEMENTARY LEVEL  [abbreviation]

aslope /əˈsləʊp/ adv. & predic. adj.  sloping; crosswise 倾斜的；成斜坡状的 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

ASM abbr.  air-to-surface missile [缩略]空对地导弹

asocial /eiˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not social; antisocial 不与人往来的；不合群的；反社会的 2  inconsiderate of or hostile to others 不关心他人的；对人怀有敌意的

asp /æsp/ n.  1  a small viper, Vipera aspis, native to southern Europe, resembling the adder 角蝰(一种小毒蛇) 2  the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje, found throughout Africa 埃及眼镜蛇(见于非洲各地) [Middle English via Old French aspe or Latin aspis from Greek]

asparagine /əˈspærədʒi:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophilic amino acid, an amide of aspartic acid, occurring in proteins 【生化】天门冬酰胺 [ASPARAGUS + -INE4]

asparagus /əˈspærəɡəs/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Asparagus 芦笋(天门冬属植物) 2  one species of this, A. officinalis, with edible young shoots and leaves; this as food 龙须菜(芦笋中的一种，可食用) [Latin, from Greek asparagos]

asparagus fern n.  a decorative plant, Asparagus setaceus 文竹(一种装饰植物)

aspartame /əˈspɑ:teim/ n.  a very sweet low-calorie substance used as a sweetener instead of sugar or saccharin 阿斯巴特(一种低热量、不同于糖或糖精的甜味剂) [chemical name 1-methyl N-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine, from ASPARTIC ACID]

aspartic acid /əˈspɑ:tik/ n. Biochem.  an acidic amino acid present in many proteins, important in animal metabolism, and also acting as a neurotransmitter 【生化】天冬氨酸(一种存在于多种蛋白质中的氨基酸，是动物体内新陈代谢的重要物质及神经传递介质) [French aspartique, formed arbitrarily from ASPARAGUS]

aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.  1  a  a particular component or feature of a matter 方面  only one aspect of the problem  只是问题的一方面b  a particular way in which a matter may be considered 考虑某一问题的特定方法 2  a  a facial expression; a look 面部表情，神情  a cheerful aspect  快活的神情b  the appearance of a person or thing, esp. as presented to the mind of the viewer (尤指留在观者心目中的)外表，外观；样子  has a frightening aspect  有一副可怕的样子 3  the side of a building or location facing a particular direction (建筑物)朝向某一方的一侧  southern aspect  朝南的一侧 4 Gram.  a verbal category or form expressing inception, duration, or completion 【语法】(动词的)体，态 5 Astrol.  the relative position of planets etc. measured by angular distance 【天】(根据角距测量出的行星等的)相对位置 □ aspectual  /æˈspektʃʊəl/ adj. (in sense 4 释义 4)   [Middle English from Latin aspectus, from adspicere adspect- ‘look at’ (as AD-, specere ‘to look’)]

aspect ratio n.  1 Aeron.  the ratio of the span to the mean chord of an aerofoil 【空】展弦比(飞机的翼展与机翼中弦之比) 2 Telev.  the ratio of picture width to height 【电视】(电视画面的)高宽比

aspen /ˈæsp(ə)n/ n.  a poplar tree, Populus tremula, with especially tremulous leaves 山杨，颤杨(一种杨树) [earlier name asp (from Old English æspe) + -EN2 forming an adjective then used as a noun]

asperity /əˈsperiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  harshness or sharpness of temper or tone (脾气)粗暴；(语调)严厉 2  roughness 粗糙 3  a rough excrescence (表面上的)微小凸出物 [Middle English from Old French asperité or Latin asperitas, from asper ‘rough’]

asperse /əˈspɜ:s/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  attack the reputation of; calumniate 毁坏(名誉)；中伤，诽谤 [Middle English, = besprinkle, spatter, from Latin aspergere aspers- (as AD-, spargere ‘sprinkle’)]

aspersion /əˈspɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   □ cast aspersions on   attack the reputation or integrity of 造谣中伤，诬蔑 [Latin aspersio (as ASPERSE, -ION)]

asphalt /ˈæsfælt, -əlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dark bituminous pitch occurring naturally or made from petroleum 柏油，沥青 2  a mixture of this with sand, gravel, etc., for surfacing roads etc. 有沥青、砂、石子等的(铺路面)混合料 ●v. tr.  surface with asphalt 用沥青铺(路面) □ asphaltic  /-ˈfæltik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin asphalton, -um, from Greek asphalton]

asphodel /ˈæsfədel/ n.  1  any of various plants of the genus Asphodelus and related genera of the lily family 百合科草木植物 2 poet.  an immortal flower growing in Elysium [诗] (极乐世界生长的)常春花 [Latin asphodelus from Greek asphodelos: cf. DAFFODIL]

asphyxia /əsˈfiksiə/ n.  a lack of oxygen in the blood, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation (血液中缺氧引起的)窒息；昏厥 □ asphyxial  adj.  □ asphyxiant  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek asphuxia (as A-1 + sphuxis ‘pulse’)]

asphyxiate /əsˈfiksieit/ v. tr.  cause (a person) to have asphyxia; suffocate 使窒息；使昏厥 □ asphyxiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ asphyxiator  n.  

aspic /ˈæspik/ n.  a savoury meat jelly used as a garnish or to contain game, eggs, etc. (作为装饰菜肴的)花色肉冻 [French, = ASP, from the colours of the jelly (compared to those of the asp)]

aspidistra /æspiˈdistrə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aspidistra, with broad tapering leaves, native to the Far East and often grown as a house plant 叶兰(一种锥形阔叶植物，源于远东，常作室内观赏植物) [modern Latin, from Greek aspis -idos ‘shield’ (from the shape of the leaves)]

aspirant /əˈspaiər(ə)nt, ˈæsp(i)r-/ adj. & n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, after, for) ●adj.  aspiring 有上进的，有抱负的 ●n.  a person who aspires 有抱负的人 [French aspirant or from Latin aspirant- (as ASPIRE, -ANT)]

aspirate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈæsp(ə)rət/ Phonet. 【语音】  1  pronounced with an exhalation of breath 送气音的 2  blended with the sound of h 带有 h 音的 ●n. /ˈæsp(ə)rət/ Phonet. 【语音】  1  a consonant pronounced in this way 送气辅音 2  the sound of h h 音 ●v. /ˈæspəreit/  1 Phonet. 【语音】  a tr.  pronounce with a breath 送气发音b intr.  make the sound of h 发 h 音 2 tr.  draw (fluid) by suction from a vessel or cavity (从容器或洞孔中)吸出(液体) [Latin aspiratus, past part. of aspirare: see ASPIRE]

aspiration /æspəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong desire to achieve an end; an ambition 渴望，热望；野心 2  the act or process of drawing breath 吸气 3  the action of aspirating 发送气音 □ aspirational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French aspiration or Latin aspiratio (as ASPIRATE, -ATION)]

aspirator /ˈæspireitə/ n.  an apparatus for aspirating fluid 吸液器，吸出器 [Latin aspirare (as ASPIRATE, -OR1)]

aspire /əˈspaiə/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, after, or to + infin.)  1  have ambition or strong desire 渴望；有抱负，有志于 2 poet.  rise high [诗]高高升起，耸立 [Middle English from French aspirer or Latin aspirare (as AD- + spirare ‘breathe’)]

aspirin /ˈæsp(ə)rin/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or aspirins)  1  a white compound, acetylsalicylic acid, used to relieve pain and fever and in the prevention of thrombosis 阿斯匹林(用于解热镇痛，防止血栓) 2  a tablet of this 阿斯匹林药片 [German, formed as ACETYL + spiraeic (= salicylic) acid + -IN]

asquint /əˈskwint/ predic. adj. & adv. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 look asquint)  1  to one side; from the corner of an eye 斜着地(的)；侧目而视地(的) 2  with a squint 斜视地(的) [Middle English, perhaps from Dutch schuinte ‘slant’]

ass1 /æs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  either of two kinds of four-legged long-eared mammal of the horse genus Equus, E. africanus of Africa and E. hemionus of Asia 非洲驴；亚洲驴b (in general use) a donkey (泛指)驴，驴子 2  a stupid person 傻瓜，笨蛋 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around) slang  act the fool [俚语]犯傻，干蠢事 □ make an ass of   make (a person) look absurd or foolish 取笑，愚弄(某人) [Old English assa via Celtic from Latin asinus]

ass2 N. Amer. var.  of ARSE [北美] ARSE 的变体

assagai var.  of ASSEGAI  ASSEGAI 的变体

assai /æˈsai/ adv. Mus.  very 【音】非常，极其  adagio assai  极慢的柔板 [Italian]

assail /əˈseil/ v. tr.  1  make a strong or concerted attack on 攻击，袭击 2  make a resolute start on (a task) 着手解决(某任务)；毅然对付 3  make a strong or constant verbal attack on (用语言连续)攻击，发难  was assailed with angry questions  受到一连串愤怒的质问 □ assailable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French asaill-, stressed stem of asalir, via medieval Latin assalire from Latin assilire (as AD-, salire salt- ‘leap’)]

assailant /əˈseil(ə)nt/ n.  a person who attacks another physically or verbally (行动或语言上的)攻击者，袭击者 [French (as ASSAIL)]

Assamese /æsəˈmi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or inhabitant of Assam, a state of NE India (印度东北)阿萨姆人 2  the Indic (official) language of Assam 阿萨姆语 ●adj.  of or relating to Assam, its people, or its language 阿萨姆的；阿萨姆人的；阿萨姆语的

assassin /əˈsæsin/ n.  1  a killer, esp. of a political or religious leader (尤指对政治或宗教领袖的)暗杀者，刺客 2 hist.  any of a group of Muslim fanatics sent on murder missions in the time of the Crusades [史义]十字军东征时从事暗杀基督徒的穆斯林团体成员 [French assassin or via medieval Latin assassinus from Arabic hašīšī ‘hashish-eater’]

assassinate /əˈsæsineit/ v. tr.  1  kill (esp. a political or religious leader) for political or religious motives 暗杀，行刺(尤指针对政治或宗教领袖) 2  destroy or injure (esp. a person's reputation) 诋毁，中伤(某人的名誉) □ assassination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ assassinator  n.   [medieval Latin assassinare from assassinus: see ASSASSIN]

assassin bug n.  a predatory or bloodsucking hemipterous bug of the family Reduviidae 食虫椿象，猎蝽(一种半翅类吸血昆虫)

assault /əˈsɔ:lt, əˈsɒlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent physical or verbal attack (猛烈的肉体或语言上的)攻击，袭击 2  a Law  an act that threatens physical harm to a person (whether or not actual harm is done) 【法律】侵犯人身(即威胁以暴力侵害他人身体，无论是否造成伤害)b euphem.  an act of rape [婉]强奸 3  a vigorous start made to a lengthy or difficult task (对艰巨任务的)突击性解决 4  a final rush on a fortified place, esp. at the end of a prolonged attack (尤指久攻不下后的)最后一次攻击，最后一搏 5 (作 attrib.)  relating to or used in an assault 冲击，突击  assault craft  冲击艇 assault troops  突击队 ●v. tr.  1  make an assault on 袭击，攻击 2 euphem.  rape [婉]强奸 □ assaulter  n.  □ assaultive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French asaut, assauter, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, salire salt- ‘leap’)]

assault and battery n. Law  the act of threatening a person followed by physical contact (see 见 ASSAULT n. 2a, BATTERY 7) 【法律】(对某人威胁后身体侵犯)攻击和伤害罪，暴力殴打罪

assault course n. Brit.  an obstacle course used in training soldiers etc. [英] (训练士兵等用的)障碍训练场

assay /əˈsei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality (对金属或矿石的)试验，检验 2 Chem.  etc. the determination of the content or concentration of a substance 【化】(对成份或浓度)化验，分析，测定 ●v.  1 tr.  make an assay of (a metal or ore) (对金属或矿石)进行试验，检验 2 tr. Chem.  etc. determine the concentration of (a substance) 【化】测定(浓度) 3 tr.  show (content) on being assayed 检验(所含成分) 4 intr.  make an assay 分析，化验 5 tr. archaic  attempt [古义]试图，尝试 □ assayer  n.   [Middle English from Old French assaier, assai, variant of essayer, essai: see ESSAY]

assay office n.  1 Brit.  an establishment which awards hallmarks [英]纯度测定公证所 2 esp. N. Amer.  an office for the assaying of ores [尤北美]矿石化验室

assegai /ˈæsəɡai/ n. (also 亦作 assagai)  a slender iron-tipped spear of hardwood, esp. as used by southern African peoples (尤指南非土人用的)标枪，长矛 [obsolete French azagaie or Portuguese azagaia from Arabic az-zaɡ̇ɑˉyah, from al ‘the’ + zaɡ̇ɑˉyah ‘spear’]

assemblage /əˈsemblidʒ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bringing or coming together 集合，集中 2  a collection of things or gathering of people 集合在一起的人群；集合物 3  a  the act or an instance of fitting together 组装，装配b  an object made of pieces fitted together 组装物，装配好的产品 4  a work of art made by grouping found or unrelated objects 组装(或组合)艺术品

assemble /əˈsemb(ə)l/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  gather together; collect. 集合，集中；召集；收集 2 tr.  arrange in order 排列，布置 3 tr. esp. Mech.  fit together the parts of 【机】组装，装配 [Middle English from Old French asembler, ultimately from Latin (as AD- + simul ‘together’)]

assembler /əˈsemblə/ n.  1  a person who assembles a machine or its parts 装配工 2 Computing 【计算】  a  a program for converting instructions written in low-level symbolic code into machine code 汇编程序b  the low-level symbolic code itself; an assembly language 低级编码；汇编语言

assembly /əˈsembli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of assembling or gathering together 集合，集中；集会 2  a  a group of persons gathered together, esp. as a deliberative body or a legislative council 立法机构；议会b  a gathering of the entire membership or a section of a school, esp. at the start of a day (尤指学校每天早晨的)集合 3  the assembling of a machine or structure or its parts (机器或其零部件的)组装，装配 4 Mil.  a call to assemble, given by drum or bugle 【军】(吹号或敲鼓发出的)集合令，集合号 [Middle English from Old French asemblee, fem. past part. of asembler: see ASSEMBLE]

assembly language n. Computing  the low-level symbolic code converted by an assembler 【计算】汇编语言

assembly line n.  machinery arranged in stages by which a product is progressively assembled 装配线，流水生产线

assembly rooms n. pl. esp. Brit.  public rooms in which meetings or social functions are held [尤英] (公共)会议室，集会室；活动室

assembly shop n. (also 亦作 assembly room)  a place where a machine or its components are assembled 装配车间

assent /əˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  express agreement 赞成，同意  assented to my view  赞成我的观点 2  consent 允诺，答应  assented to my request  答应我的请求 ●n.  1  mental or inward acceptance or agreement (思想上或内心里)接受；同意，赞同  a nod of assent  点头表示接受 2  consent or sanction, esp. official (尤指正式的)批准，核准 □ assenter  n. (also 亦作 assentor)   [Middle English from Old French asenter, as(s)ente, ultimately from Latin assentari (as AD-, sentire ‘think’)]

assentient /əˈsenʃ(ə)nt, -ʃiənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  assenting 同意的，赞同的 ●n.  a person who assents 同意者，赞成者 [Latin assentire (as ASSENT, -ENT)]

assert /əˈsɜ:t/ v.  1 tr.  declare; state clearly 声称，宣称；明确断言  assert one's beliefs  声明自己的信仰 assert that it is so  断定事实如此 2 refl.  insist on one's rights or opinions; demand recognition 主张，坚持(权利或观点)；要求(承认) 3 tr.  vindicate a claim to 维护对…的要求  assert one's rights  要求个人的权利 □ assertor  n. (also 亦作 asserter)   [Latin asserere (as AD-, serere sert- ‘join’)]

assertion /əˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a declaration; a forthright statement 宣布，明确声明 2  the act or an instance of asserting 断言；语气肯定的话 3 (also 亦作 self-assertion)  insistence on the recognition of one's rights or claims (权利、要求等的)维护，主张；(意见等的)坚持 [Middle English from French assertion or Latin assertio (as ASSERT, -ION)]

assertive /əˈsɜ:tiv/ adj.  1  tending to assert oneself; forthright, positive 断定的，明确的，肯定的 2  dogmatic 武断的；过分自信的 □ assertively  adv.  □ assertiveness  n.  

asses pl.  of AS2 , ASS1, ASS2 

asses' bridge /ˈæsiz/ n.  = PONS ASINORUM 

assess /əˈses/ v. tr.  1  a  estimate the size or quality of 评估，评定(规模或质量)b  estimate the value of (a property) for taxation etc. (为征税等)估算(财产)的价值 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  fix the amount of (a tax etc.) and impose it on a person or community 确定(纳税)的额度；课税b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at)  fine or tax (a person, community, etc.) in or at a specific amount (向个人或社区按一定数额)罚款；征税  assessed them at £ 100  处罚他们 100 英镑 □ assessable  adj.  □ assessment  n.   [Middle English via French assesser from Latin assidēre (as AD-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

assessor /əˈsesə/ n.  1  a person who assesses taxes or estimates the value of property for taxation or Brit. insurance purposes (确定纳税金额的)财产估价员，估税员；[英] (保险服务的)财产估价员 2  a person called upon to advise a judge, committee of inquiry, etc., on technical questions (辅佐法官询问技术问题的)辅佐人，法律顾问助理 [Middle English via Old French assessour from Latin assessor -oris ‘assistant-judge’ (as ASSESS, -OR1): sense 1 from medieval Latin]

asset /ˈæset/ n.  1  a  a useful or valuable quality 用途；价值b  a person or thing possessing such a quality or qualities 有用途或价值的人(或东西)  is an asset to the firm  是公司的一位有价值的人物 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  property and possessions, esp. regarded as having value in meeting debts, commitments, etc. (尤指可用来偿债或担保等的)资产，财产b  any possession having value (任何)财产，有价值的东西 [assets (taken as pl.), via Anglo-French asetz from Old French asez enough, ultimately from Latin (as AD + satis ‘enough’)]

asset-stripping n.  the practice of taking over a company and selling off its assets to make a profit 资产剥夺，资产变卖 □ asset-stripper  n.  

asseverate /əˈsevəreit/ v. tr.  declare solemnly or emphatically 郑重声明；断言 □ asseveration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin asseverare (as AD-, severus ‘serious’)]

asshole N. Amer. var.  of ARSEHOLE [北美] ARSEHOLE 的变体

assibilate /əˈsibileit/ v. tr. Phonet. 【语音】  1  pronounce (a sound) as a sibilant or affricate ending in a sibilant 把…发成丝擦音 2  alter (a syllable) to become this 改变(某音节)使成为丝擦音 □ assibilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin assibilare (as AD-, sibilare ‘hiss’)]

assiduity /æsiˈdju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  constant or close attention to what one is doing 勤勉；刻苦 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  constant attentions to another person (对另一人的)不断关照；殷勤 [Latin assiduitas (as ASSIDUOUS, -ITY)]

assiduous /əˈsidjʊəs/ adj.  1  persevering, hard-working 勤勉的，刻苦的 2  attending closely 殷勤的；一丝不苟的 □ assiduously  adv.  □ assiduousness  n.   [Latin assiduus (as ASSESS)]

assign /əˈsain/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a  allot as a share or responsibility 分配，指派b  appoint to a position, task, etc. 指定，安排(职务、任务等) 2  fix (a time, place, etc.) for a specific purpose (为特定目的)确定，指定(时间、地点等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  ascribe or refer to (a reason, date, etc.) 归结为…，归属于(某原因、日期等)  assigned the manuscript to 1832  把这份手稿归到 1832 年 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  transfer formally (esp. personal property) to (another) (尤指私人财产)正式(向某人)转让，过户 ●n.  a person to whom property or rights are legally transferred (依法转让财产或权利的)接受者，受让人 □ assignable  adj.  □ assigner  n.  □ assignor  n. (in sense 4 of v. 动词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French asi(g)ner from Latin assignare ‘mark out to’ (as AD-, signum ‘sign’)]

assignation /æsiɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an appointment to meet 约会b  a secret appointment, esp. between illicit lovers (尤指非法情人的)秘密约会，幽会 2  the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned 分配，分派；指定 [Middle English via Old French from Latin assignatio -onis (as ASSIGN, -ATION)]

assignee /æsiˈni:, -sai-/ n.  1  a person appointed to act for another 受托人，代理人 2  an assign 受让人 [Middle English from Old French assigné, past part. of assigner ASSIGN]

assignment /əˈsainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  something assigned, esp. a task allotted to a person (分派的)任务；(指定的)作业 2  the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned 分派，指定 3  a  a legal transfer (法定)转让，让与b  the document effecting this 转让证书 [Middle English via Old French assignement from medieval Latin assignamentum (as ASSIGN, -MENT)]

assimilate /əˈsimileit/ v.  1 tr.  a  absorb and digest (food etc.) into the body 消化，吸收(食物等)b  absorb (information etc.) into the mind 接受，吸取(信息等)c  absorb (people) into a larger group 接纳，接受(新成员) 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  make like; cause to resemble 同化；使同化 3 tr. Phonet.  make (a sound) more like another in the same or next word 【语音】使(语音)同化，相似 4 intr.  be absorbed into the body, mind, or a larger group 被吸收；被接纳 □ assimilable  adj.  □ assimilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ assimilative  adj.  □ assimilator  n.  □ assimilatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin assimilare (as AD-, similis ‘like’)]

assimilationist /əsimiˈleiʃ(ə)nist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who advocates or participates in racial or cultural integration 主张(或参与)种族(或文化)同化者 ●adj.  of, relating to, or promoting the views of assimilationists 同化主义的；主张同化的

assist /əˈsist/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in + verbal noun)  help (a person, process, etc.) 帮助，协助，辅助  assisted them in running the playgroup  帮助他们办幼教 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at)  attend or be present 出席，到场  assisted in the ceremony  出席了典礼 ●n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a help; an act of helping 帮助，帮忙 2 Baseball  etc. a player's action of helping to put out an opponent, score a goal, etc. 【棒球】(协助得分或使对手出局的)助杀，助攻 □ assistance  n.  □ assister  n.   [Middle English via French assister from Latin assistere ‘take one's stand by’ (as AD-, sistere ‘take one's stand’)]

assistant /əˈsist(ə)nt/ n.  1  a helper 帮手 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person who assists, esp. as a subordinate in a particular job or role (尤指在某项具体工作中作为下属的)助手，助理 3 Brit. [英]  = SHOP ASSISTANT  [Middle English assistent from medieval Latin assistent- present participial stem of assistere (as ASSIST, -ANT, -ENT)]

assisted place n. (in the UK) a place in an independent school which is wholly or partially subsidized by the State (英国) (由国家全部或部分资助的)民办公助学校

assize /əˈsaiz/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  a court sitting at intervals in each county of England and Wales to administer the civil and criminal law [史义] (英格兰和威尔士的)巡回审判法庭 [Middle English from Old French as(s)ise, fem. past part. of aseeir ‘sit at’, from Latin assidēre: cf. ASSESS]

ass-kissing n. N. Amer. coarse slang [北美] [粗俗俚语]  = ARSE-LICKING 

ass-licking N. Amer. var.  of ARSE-LICKING [北美] ARSE-LICKING 的变体

Assoc. abbr. (as part of a title) Association [缩略] (用于机构名称)协会，联合会

associable /əˈsəʊʃiəb(ə)l, -si-/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  capable of being connected in thought 可联想的，能够联想的 □ associability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French, from associer (as ASSOCIATE, -ABLE)]

associate v., n. & adj. ●v. /əˈsəʊʃieit, -sieit/  1 tr.  connect in the mind 在思想上把…联系在一起；联想  associate holly with Christmas  把冬青树和圣诞节联系起来 2 tr.  join or combine 联系，联合 3 refl.  make oneself a partner; declare oneself in agreement 使成为伙伴；使结合在一起；宣布同意  associate myself in your endeavour  让我也加入你们的奋斗之中 did not want to associate ourselves with the plan  我们不想使我们自身卷入该计划 4 intr.  combine for a common purpose (为共同目的)联合，合作 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  meet frequently or have dealings (经常)接触，交往 ●n. /əˈsəʊʃiət, -siət/  1  a business partner or colleague (生意)合伙人；同伙；同事 2  a friend or companion 朋友；伙伴 3  a subordinate member of a body, institute, etc. (机构等的)附属人员；准会员 4  a thing connected with another 附属物 ●adj. /əˈsəʊʃiət, -siət/  1  joined in companionship, function, or dignity 合作的，联合的 2  allied; in the same group or category 联盟的；共事的 3  of less than full status 准的，副的  associate member  准会员 □ associateship  /əˈsəʊʃiətʃip, əˈsəʊs-/ n.  □ associator  /əˈsəʊʃieitə, əˈsəʊs-/ n.   [Middle English from Latin associatus, past part. of associare (as AD-, socius ‘sharing, allied’)]

association /əsəʊsiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʃi-/ n.  1  a group of people organized for a joint purpose; a society 联合会，协会 2  the act or an instance of associating 联合，联系 3  fellowship; human contact or cooperation 合伙关系；交往；合作 4  a mental connection between ideas 联想 5 Chem.  a loose aggregation of molecules 【化】缔合(分子的松散聚合) 6 Ecol.  a group of associated plants 【态】(植物的)群丛，结合体 □ associational  adj.   [French association or medieval Latin associatio (as ASSOCIATE, -ATION)]

Association Football n. Brit.  football played by sides of 11 players with a round ball which may not be handled during play except by the goal keepers [英] (每方 11 人，除守门员外不能用手触球的)英式足球

associative /əˈsəʊʃiətiv, -si-/ adj.  1  of or involving association 联合的；联想的 2 Math. & Computing  involving the condition that a group of quantities connected by operators (see 见 OPERATOR 4) gives the same result whatever their grouping, as long as their order remains the same (e.g. 例如 (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)) 【数】【计算】符合结合律的

assonance /ˈæs(ə)nəns/ n.  the resemblance of sound between two syllables in nearby words, arising from the rhyming of two or more accented vowels, but not consonants, or the use of identical consonants with different vowels (e.g. 例如 sonnet 和 porridge, killed 、 cold 和 culled) (相邻单词中两个音节之间的)谐音 □ assonant  adj.  □ assonate  /-neit/ v. intr.   [French from Latin assonare ‘respond to’ (as AD-, sonus ‘sound’)]

assort /əˈsɔ:t/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  classify or arrange in groups 分类，归类 2 intr.  suit; fit into; harmonize with (usu. in phrs. 通常用于短语 assort ill or well with) 相配，相称；协调 [Old French assorter, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + sorte SORT]

assortative /əˈsɔ:tətiv/ adj.  assorting 相配的，相称的；协调的

assortative mating n. Biol.  non-random mating resulting from the selection of similar partners 【生】选择类似伙伴交配，非随意交配

assorted /əˈsɔ:tid/ adj.  1  of various sorts put together; miscellaneous 各种各样的；各色俱全的 2  sorted into groups 分类的，分组的 3  matched 匹配的，配合的  ill-assorted  不匹配的 poorly assorted  配合不良的

assortment /əˈsɔ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  a set of various sorts of things or people put together; a mixed collection 不同类(东西或人的)聚合(或混合)

ASSR abbr. hist.  Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [缩略] [史义]苏维埃社会主义自治共和国

Asst. abbr. [缩略]  Assistant 

assuage /əˈsweidʒ/ v. tr.  1  calm or soothe (a person, pain, etc.) 镇定；安抚(人、疼痛等) 2  appease or relieve (an appetite or desire) 缓和，减轻(食欲、欲望等) □ assuagement  n.   [Middle English from Old French as(s)ouagier, ultimately from Latin suavis ‘sweet’]

assume /əˈsju:m/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  take or accept as being true, without proof, for the purpose of argument or action 假定，假想；想当然地认为 2  simulate or pretend (ignorance etc.) 模仿；假装(无知等) 3  undertake (an office or duty) 承担(职务或工作) 4  take or put on oneself or itself (an aspect, attribute, etc.) 呈现出；具有(特点、属性等)  the problem assumed immense proportions  此问题事关重大 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  arrogate, usurp, or seize (credit, power, etc.) 冒称；僭越；篡夺(信誉、权力等)  assumed to himself the right of veto  妄称自己有否决权 □ assumable  adj.  □ assumedly  /-midli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin assumere (as AD-, sumere sumpt- ‘take’)]

assuming /əˈsju:miŋ/ adj. (of a person) taking too much for granted; arrogant, presumptuous 想当然的；傲慢的；僭越的

assumption /əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of assuming 假定，假想 2  a  the act or an instance of accepting without proof (未经证实的)臆测，臆断b  a thing assumed in this way 假说；臆想物 3  arrogance 傲慢，自负 4 (作 Assumption)  a  the reception of the Virgin Mary bodily into heaven, according to Roman Catholic doctrine (根据罗马天主教教义)接受圣母马利亚躯体进入天堂，圣母升天b  the feast in honour of this, 15 Aug. 圣母升天节 (8 月 15 日) [Middle English from Old French asompsion or Latin assumptio (as ASSUME, -ION)]

assumptive /əˈsʌm(p)tiv/ adj.  1  taken for granted 被视为理所当然的 2  arrogant 傲慢的，自负的 [Latin assumptivus (as ASSUME, -IVE)]

assurance /əˈʃʊər(ə)ns/ n.  1  a positive declaration that a thing is true 保证的话，肯定的话 2  a solemn promise or guarantee 保证，确保 3 esp. Brit.  insurance, esp. life insurance [尤英] (尤指人寿)保险 4  certainty 确定，有把握 5  a  self-confidence 自信b  impudence 轻率，厚颜无耻 [Middle English from Old French aseürance from aseürer (as ASSURE, -ANCE)]

assure /əˈʃʊə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  make (a person) sure; convince 让(某人)确信；说服  assured him of my sincerity  让他相信我的真诚b  tell (a person) confidently 确信地告诉  assured him the bus went to Westminster  让他确信这趟公共汽车开往西敏寺 2  a  make certain of; ensure the happening etc. of 确保，保证  will assure her success  将保证她成功b  make safe (against overthrow etc.) 确保安全(不被推翻等) 3 esp. Brit.  insure (esp. a life) [尤英] (尤指人寿)保险 4 (as 作 assured adj.)  a  guaranteed 保证的，得到保证的b  self-confident 自信的 □ rest assured   remain confident 充满信心的□ assurer  n.   [Middle English from Old French aseürer, ultimately from Latin (as AD-, securus ‘safe’, SECURE)]

assuredly /əˈʃʊəridli/ adv.  certainly 确实地，无疑地

Assyrian /əˈsiriən/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Assyria, an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia (美索不达米亚一古代王国的)亚述人 2  the Akkadian dialect of Assyria 亚述语(阿卡得语方言之一) ●adj.  of or relating to Assyria or its dialect 亚述人的；亚述语的 [Latin Assyrius from Greek Assurios ‘of Assyria’]

Assyriology /əsiriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the language, history, and antiquities of Assyria 亚述学(研究亚述的语言、历史、文物古迹等) □ Assyriologist  n.  

AST abbr.  Atlantic Standard Time [缩略]大西洋标准时间

astable /əˈsteib(ə)l, ei-/ adj.  1  not stable 不稳定的 2 Electr.  of or relating to a circuit which oscillates spontaneously between unstable states 【电】(电路)不稳的，非稳态的

astatic /əˈstætik/ adj.  1  not static; unstable or unsteady 不稳的，不稳定的 2 Physics  not tending to keep one position or direction 【物理学】无定位(或向)的 [Greek astatos ‘unstable’ (as A-1 + sta- ‘stand’)]

astatic galvanometer n.  a galvanometer in which the effect of the earth's magnetic field on the meter needle is greatly reduced (地球磁场对仪表指针影响大为减少的)无定向电流计

astatine /ˈæstəti:n/ n. Chem.  a radioactive element, the heaviest of the halogens, which occurs naturally and can be artificially made by nuclear bombardment of bismuth (symbol 符 At) 【化】(放射性元素)砹 [formed as ASTATIC + -INE4]

aster /ˈæstə/ n.  a plant of the genus Aster (daisy family), with bright rayed flowers, e.g. the Michaelmas daisy 紫菀属植物 [Latin, from Greek astēr ‘star’]

-aster /ˈæstə/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting poor quality (criticaster 拙劣批评家 ; poetaster 蹩脚诗人，冒牌诗人) 构成名词，表示水平低劣的 2 Bot.  denoting incomplete resemblance (oleaster 胡颓子属植物 ; pinaster 松树类) 【植】表示不完全相像的 [Latin]

asterisk /ˈæstərisk/ n. & v. ●n.  a symbol (*) used in printing and writing to mark words etc. for reference, to stand for omitted matter, etc. (表示注释、删节等的)星号 (*) ●v. tr.  mark with an asterisk 标注星号 [Middle English via Late Latin asteriscus from Greek asteriskos, diminutive of astēr ‘star’]

asterism /ˈæstəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a cluster of stars 星群 2  a group of three asterisks calling attention to following text (提醒注意的)三星符号 [Greek asterismos (as ASTER, -ISM)]

astern /əˈstɜ:n/ adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) Naut. & Aeron. 【海】【空】  1  aft; away to the rear 在尾部；远在后部 2  backwards 向后 [A2 + STERN2]

asteroid /ˈæstərɔid/ n.  1  a small rocky body orbiting the sun, mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter (主要在火星与木星的轨道之间的)小行星 2 Zool.  a starfish 【动】海星鱼，海盘车鱼 □ asteroidal  /æstəˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek asteroeidēs (as ASTER, -OID)]

asthenia /əsˈθi:niə/ n. Med.  loss of strength; debility 【医】无力；虚弱，衰弱 [modern Latin, from Greek astheneia from asthenēs ‘weak’]

asthenic /əsˈθenik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of lean or long-limbed build 肢体细长的 2 Med.  of or characterized by asthenia 【医】衰弱的，虚弱的 ●n.  a lean long-limbed person 身体廋长的人 [Greek asthenikos from asthenēs ‘weak’]

asthenosphere /əsˈθenəsfiə/ n. Geol.  the upper layer of the earth's mantle, whose capacity for gradual flow is thought to give rise to continental drift 【地质】软流圈(地幔的上一层，其缓慢的流动据认为能够促成大陆的漂移) [Greek asthenēs ‘weak’ + -O- + SPHERE]

asthma /ˈæsmə/ n.  a usu. allergic respiratory disease, often with paroxysms of difficult breathing 哮喘(病)，气喘(病) [Middle English from Greek asthma -matos, from azō ‘breathe hard’]

asthmatic /æsˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to or suffering from asthma 哮喘的；患哮喘的 ●n.  a person suffering from asthma 哮喘病人 □ asthmatically  adv.   [Latin asthmaticus from Greek asthmatikos (as ASTHMA, -IC)]

Asti /ˈæsti/ n. (pl. Astis)  an Italian white wine 阿斯蒂酒(一种意大利白葡萄汽酒) [Asti, a province in Piedmont]

astigmatism /əˈstiɡmətiz(ə)m/ n.  a defect in the eye or in a lens resulting in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus (眼睛或镜头中导致图像扭曲的)散光 □ astigmatic  /æstiɡˈmætik/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek stigma -matos ‘point’]

astilbe /əˈstilbi/ n.  a plant of the genus Astilbe (saxifrage family), with plumelike heads of tiny white or red flowers 落新妇属植物 [modern Latin from Greek (as A-1 + stilbē, fem. of stilbos ‘glittering’), from the inconspicuous (individual) flowers]

astir /əˈstɜ:/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  in motion 活动着地(的)，动起来 2  awake and out of bed 醒来；起床  astir early  早起 already astir  已经起床了 3  excited 激动的；引起骚动的 [A2 + STIR1 n.]

Asti spumante /spu:ˈmænti/ n.  a sparkling form of Asti 阿斯蒂汽酒泡沫

astonish /əˈstɒniʃ/ v. tr.  amaze; surprise greatly 震惊；使惊讶 □ astonishing  adj.  □ astonishingly  adv.  □ astonishment  n.   [obsolete astone via Old French estoner from Gallo-Roman, ultimately from Latin (as EX-1, tonare ‘to thunder’): see -ISH2]

astound /əˈstaʊnd/ v. tr.  shock with alarm or surprise; amaze 使惊骇；使大吃一惊 □ astounding  adj.  □ astoundingly  adv.   [obsolete astound (adj.) = astoned, past part. of obsolete astone: see ASTONISH]

astraddle /əˈstræd(ə)l/ adv. & predic. adj.  in a straddling position (两腿叉开)跨着(的)

astragal /ˈæstrəɡ(ə)l/ n. Archit.  a small semicircular moulding round the top or bottom of a column 【建】(柱子顶端或底端的)半圆饰；圆剖面小线脚 [ASTRAGALUS]

astragalus /əˈstræɡ(ə)ləs/ n. (pl. astragali /-lai/)  1 Anat. 【解】  = TALUS1  2  a leguminous plant of the genus Astragalus, e.g. the milk-vetch 黄芪属植物 [Latin, from Greek astragalos ‘ankle-bone, moulding, a plant’]

astrakhan /æstrəˈkæn/ n.  1  the dark curly fleece of young lambs from Astrakhan (俄罗斯)阿斯特拉罕羔羊皮 2  a cloth imitating astrakhan 仿阿斯特拉罕羔羊皮织物 [Astrakhan, a city and region in Russia]

astral /ˈæstr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or connected with the stars 星的，星形的 2  consisting of stars; starry 星状体的；多星的 3 Theosophy  relating to or arising from a supposed ethereal existence, esp. of a counterpart of the body, associated with oneself in life and surviving after death 【神智学】灵魂的，魂魄的 [Late Latin astralis from astrum ‘star’]

astray /əˈstrei/ adv. & predic. adj.  1  in or into error or sin (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 lead astray) 带入迷途，导入歧途 2  out of the right way 偏离正道 □ go astray   be lost or mislaid 走失；走上邪路，误入歧途 [Middle English from Old French estraié, past part. of estraier, ultimately from Latin extra ‘out of bounds’ + vagari ‘wander’]

astride /əˈstraid/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  with a leg on each side 跨，跨骑 2  with legs apart 双腿分开着 ●prep.  with a leg on each side of; extending across 横跨，跨着

astringent /əˈstrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  causing the contraction of body tissues (使肌体组织)收敛的 2  checking bleeding 止血的 3  severe, austere 严厉的；辛辣的，尖刻的 ●n.  an astringent substance or drug 收敛剂 □ astringency  n.  □ astringently  adv.   [French from Latin astringere (as AD-, stringere ‘bind’)]

astro- /ˈæstrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  relating to the stars or celestial objects 星的；天体的 2  relating to outer space 外层空间的 [Greek from astron ‘star’]

astrochemistry /æstrəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the study of molecules and radicals in interstellar space 天体化学

astrodome /ˈæstrədəʊm/ n.  1  a domed window in an aircraft for astronomical observations (飞机上的圆拱形)天文观测舱 2 esp. US  an enclosed stadium with a domed roof [尤美]有圆拱顶的体育场

astrohatch /ˈæstrəhætʃ/ n.  = ASTRODOME 

astroid /ˈæstrɔid/ n. Math.  a hypocycloid with four cusps (like a square with concave sides) 【数】星形线(即四边向内弯曲的方形) [Greek astron ‘star’ + -OID]

astrolabe /ˈæstrəleib/ n.  an instrument, usu. consisting of a disc and pointer, formerly used to make astronomical measurements, esp. of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and as an aid in navigation 星盘(尤指过去用于测量天体高度的仪器，也可用作导航的辅助工具) [Middle English via Old French astrelabe and medieval Latin astrolabium from Greek astrolabon, neut. of astrolabos ‘star-taking’]

astrology /əˈstrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as an influence on human affairs 占星术，占星学 □ astrologer  n.  □ astrological  /æstrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ astrologist  n.   [Middle English via Old French astrologie and Latin astrologia from Greek (as ASTRO-, -LOGY)]

astronaut /ˈæstrənɔ:t/ n.  a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft 宇航员，航天员 □ astronautical  /æstrəˈnɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj.   [ASTRO-, on the pattern of aeronaut, aquanaut]

astronautics /æstrəˈnɔ:tiks/ n.  the science of space travel 航天学，宇宙航行学

astronomical /æstrəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 astronomic)  1  of or relating to astronomy 天文的，天体的；天文学的 2  extremely large; too large to contemplate 天文数字的，极巨大的 □ astronomically  adv.   [Latin astronomicus from Greek astronomikos]

astronomical unit n.  a unit of measurement in astronomy equal to the mean distance from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun, 1.496 × 1011 metres or 92.9 million miles 天文单位(地球与太阳间的平均距离，约为 9,290 万英里)

astronomical year  see 见 YEAR n. 1 

astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n.  the scientific study of celestial objects, of space, and of the physical universe as a whole 天文学 □ astronomer  n.   [Middle English via Old French astronomie and Latin from Greek astronomia, from astronomos (adj.) ‘star-arranging’, from astron ‘star’, nemō ‘arrange’]

astrophysics /æstrə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  a branch of astronomy concerned with the physics and chemistry of celestial bodies 天体物理学(天文学分支，研究天体的物理化学性质) □ astrophysical  adj.  □ astrophysicist  /-sist/ n.  

AstroTurf /ˈæstrətɜ:f/ n. propr.  an artificial grass surface, esp. for sports fields [商标]阿斯特罗草皮(尤指铺设运动场用的一种人造草皮) □ astroturfed  adj.   [Astro dome, name of a sports stadium in Texas where it was first used, + TURF]

astute /əˈstju:t/ adj.  1  shrewd; sagacious 精明的；睿智的 2  crafty 狡猾的，诡计多端的 □ astutely  adv.  □ astuteness  n.   [obsolete French astut or Latin astutus, from astus ‘craft’]

Asunción /əˌsu:nsiˈəun/ n.  亚松森 [巴拉圭首都]

asunder /əˈsʌndə/ adv. literary  apart [文学用语]分开，分离 [Old English on sundran ‘into pieces’: cf. SUNDER]

asylum /əˈsailəm/ n.  1  sanctuary; protection, esp. for those pursued by the law (尤指那些受到法律追究的人的)避难所，庇护所  seek asylum  寻求避难 2 esp. hist.  any of various kinds of institution offering shelter and support to distressed or destitute individuals, esp. the mentally ill [尤史义]收容所，贫民院；精神病院 [Middle English via Latin from Greek asulon ‘refuge’ (as A-1, sulon ‘right of seizure’)]

asymmetry /æˈsimitri, ei-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  lack of symmetry 不对称 2  an instance of this 不对称物 □ asymmetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ asymmetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ asymmetrically  /-ˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek asummetria (as A-1, SYMMETRY)]

asymptomatic /əsimptəˈmætik, ei-/ adj.  producing or showing no symptoms 无症状的

asymptote /ˈæsim(p)təʊt/ n.  a line that continually approaches a given curve but does not meet it at a finite distance 渐近线(一条不断靠近某一曲线但并不与之相交的线) □ asymptotic  /æsim(p)ˈtɒtik/ adj.  □ asymptotically  /æsim(p)ˈtɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin asymptota (linea ‘line’) from Greek asumptōtos ‘not falling together’ (as A-1, sun ‘together’ + ptōtos ‘falling’ from piptō ‘fall’)]

asynchronous /əˈsiŋkrənəs, ei-/ adj.  not synchronous 不同时的；异步的 □ asynchronously  adv.  

asyndeton /əˈsindit(ə)n/ n. (pl. asyndeta /-tə/)  the omission of a conjunction 连词省略 □ asyndetic  /æsinˈdetik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek asundeton, neut. adj. from A-1 + sundetos ‘bound together’]

At symb. Chem.  the element astatine [符]【化】(化学元素)砹

at /æt, ət/ prep.  1  expressing position, exact or approximate (表示位置)在，于  wait at the corner  在角落等候 at the top of the hill  在山顶 met at Bath  在巴斯见面 is at school  在学校 at a distance  在一定距离处 2  expressing a point in time 表示(时间的)某一点  see you at three  3 点钟见 went at dawn  在黎明时出发 3  expressing a point in a scale or range 表示(一定标尺或范围中的)某一点  at boiling point  处于沸点 at his best  在他的最佳状态 4  expressing engagement or concern in a state or activity 表示处于某种状态或活动中  at war  处于战争状态 at work  在工作 at odds  意见不一 5  expressing a value or rate 表示价值或比率  sell at £ 10 each  每个卖 10 英镑 6  a  with or with reference to; in terms of 对于，关于；在…方面  at a disadvantage  处于不利地位 annoyed at losing  对失利不满 good at cricket  擅长板球 play at fighting  打闹 sick at heart  心脏有病 came at a run  跑着过来 at short notice  接通知后即刻… work at it  致力于有关它的工作b  in response to 作为对…的反应  starts at a touch  触摸一下就吓了一跳c  by means of 用…手段，通过…  drank it at a gulp  一大口喝光 7  expressing 表示 :a  motion towards (动作)朝，向  arrived at the station  到达车站 went at them  向他们奔去b  aim towards or pursuit of (physically or conceptually) 瞄向…；以…为目标  aim at the target  瞄准目标 work at a solution  研究解决方案 guess at the truth  猜测真相 laughed at us  嘲笑我们 has been at the milk again  又不听话了 □ at all   see 见 ALL □ at hand   see 见 HAND □ at home   see 见 HOME □ at it   1  engaged in an activity; working hard 在忙碌，在苦干 2 colloq.  repeating a habitual (usu. disapproved of) activity [口] (经常或习惯性的)胡闹，恶作剧  found them at it again  发现他们又在胡闹□ at once   see 见 ONCE □ at that   moreover 而且，另外  found one, and a good one at that  找到一个，而且是不错的一个□ at times   see 见 TIME □ where it's at  slang  the fashionable scene or activity [俚语]有重大活动的地方 [Old English œt from Germanic, related to Latin ad ‘to’]

at- /æt, ət/ prefix  assim. form of AD- before t (在 t 前)AD- 的同化形式

Atabrine var.  of ATEBRIN  ATEBRIN 的变体

ataractic /ætəˈræktik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 ataraxic /-ˈræksik/) ●adj.  calming or tranquillizing 平静的，镇静的 ●n.  a tranquillizing drug 镇静剂，安神药 [Greek ataraktos ‘calm’: cf. ATARAXY]

ataraxy /ˈætəræksi/ n. (also 亦作 ataraxia /ætəˈræksiə/)  calmness or tranquillity; imperturbability 平静，安静；镇静自若 [French ataraxie from Greek ataraxia ‘impassiveness’]

atavism /ˈætəviz(ə)m/ n.  1  a resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents in plants or animals (植物或动物的)隔代遗传 2  reversion to an earlier type 返祖现象 □ atavistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  □ atavistically  /-ˈvistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French atavisme from Latin atavus ‘great-grandfather's grandfather’]

ataxy /əˈtæksi/ n. (also 亦作 ataxia /-siə/) Med.  the loss of full control of bodily movements 【医】共济失调(症) □ ataxic  adj.   [modern Latin ataxia from Greek (as A-1 + taxis ‘order’)]

at bat n. & adv. Baseball 【棒球】  ●n.  1  an inning 一局，一个回合 2  a player's turn at batting (轮到某队员的)击球 ●adv.  batting 击球中

ATC abbr. [缩略]  1  air traffic control 空中交通管制 2  Air Training Corps 航空训练团

ate past  of EAT  

-ate1 /ət, eit/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting 构成名词，意为 :a  status or office (doctorate 博士学位 ; episcopate 主教之职) 地位；职位b  state or function (curate 助理牧师 ; magistrate 文职官员 ; mandate 命令) 状态；职能 2  forming nouns denoting a group (electorate 选民) 构成名词，表示“一类” 3 Chem.  forming nouns denoting the salt of an acid with a corresponding name ending in -ic (chlorate 氯酸盐 ; nitrate 硝酸盐) 【化】构成名词，表示酸根名以 -ic 结尾的盐类 4 Chem.  forming nouns denoting a product (condensate 冷凝物 ; filtrate 滤出液) 【化】构成名词，表示某种产出物 [from or suggested by Old French -at or é(e), or from Latin -atus noun or past part.: cf. -ATE2]

-ate2 /ət, eit/ suffix  1  forming adjectives and nouns (associate 副的 ; delegate 代表 ; duplicate 复制品 ; separate 分开的) 构成形容词和名词 2  forming adjectives from Latin or English nouns and adjectives (cordate 心脏性的 ; insensate 无感觉的 ; Italianate 意大利风格的) 用于某些拉丁或英语名词和形容词，构成形容词 [from or influenced by French -é or its source, Latin -atus, past part. of verbs ending in -are]

-ate3 /eit/ suffix  forming verbs (associate 联系 ; duplicate 复制 ; fascinate 入迷 ; hyphenate 用连字符连接 ; separate 分开) 构成动词 [from or influenced by French -er or its source, Latin -are (past part. -atus): cf. -ATE2]

A-team n.  a group consisting of one's best workers, advisers, etc. 最佳(工作、顾问)团队 [from sports terminology in which an organization's A-team is its best team]

Atebrin /ˈætibrin/ n. (also 亦作 Atabrine /-bri:n/) propr. [商标]  = QUINACRINE  [20th c.: origin unknown]

atelier /əˈteliei/ n.  a workshop or studio, esp. of an artist or designer (尤指艺术家或设计师的)工作室；画室 [French]

a tempo /ɑ: ˈtempəʊ/ adv. Mus.  in the previous tempo 【音】同前速度 [Italian, literally ‘in time’]

Athanasian Creed /æθəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a summary of Christian doctrine formerly attributed to Athanasius (bishop of Alexandria d. 373), but probably dating from the 5th c. 亚大纳西信经(基督教教义之一，据称为亚历山大城主教亚大纳西所著)

atheism /ˈeiθiiz(ə)m/ n.  the theory or belief that God does not exist 无神论 □ atheist  n.  □ atheistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ atheistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.   [French athéisme from Greek atheos ‘without God’ (as A-1 + theos ‘god’)]

atheling /ˈæθ(ə)liŋ/ n. hist.  a prince or lord in Anglo-Saxon England [史义] (英国盎格鲁－撒克逊时代的)王子；贵族 [Old English œtheling, from a West Germanic base meaning ‘race, family’: see -ING3]

athematic /æθiˈmætik, ei-/ adj.  1 Mus.  not based on the use of themes 【音】无主题的 2 Gram. (of a verb form) having a suffix attached to the stem without a connecting (thematic) vowel 【语法】(动词形式)有后缀加于词干但无连接元音的

athenaeum /æθiˈni:əm/ n. (US [美] atheneum)  1  an institution for literary or scientific study 文学俱乐部；科学协会 2  a library 图书馆 [Late Latin Athenaeum from Greek Athēnaion ‘temple of Athene’ (used as a place of teaching)]

Athenian /əˈθi:niən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of ancient or modern Athens 雅典人 ●adj.  of or relating to Athens 雅典人的 [Latin Atheniensis from Athenae, from Greek Athēnai ‘Athens’, principal city of Greece]

Athens /ˈæθinz/ n.  雅典 [希腊首都]

atherosclerosis /ˌæθərəʊskliəˈrəʊsis, -sklə-/ n.  a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the degeneration of the arteries because of the build-up of fatty deposits (由脂肪积存形成的)动脉粥样硬化 □ atherosclerotic  /-ˈrɒtik/ adj.   [German Atherosklerose, from Greek athērē ‘groats’ + SCLEROSIS]

athirst /əˈθɜ:st/ predic. adj. poet. [诗]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  eager 渴望的  athirst for knowledge  渴望知识 2  thirsty 口渴的 [Old English ofthyrst for ofthyrsted, past part. of ofthyrstan ‘be thirsty’]

athlete /ˈæθli:t/ n.  1  a skilled performer in physical exercises, esp. Brit. in track and field events 运动员；[尤英]田径运动员 2  a healthy person with natural athletic ability 身强力壮的人 [Latin athleta from Greek athlētēs, from athlein ‘contend for a prize’ from athlon ‘prize’]

athlete's foot n.  a fungal foot condition affecting esp. the skin between the toes 足癣，脚癣

athletic /æθˈletik/ adj.  1  of or relating to athletes or athletics 运动的，运动员的  an athletic competition  体育运动竞赛 2  muscular or physically powerful 肌肉发达的；体格健壮的 □ athletically  adv.  □ athleticism  /-ˈletisiz(ə)m/ n.   [French athlétique or Latin athleticus from Greek athlētikos (as ATHLETE, -IC)]

athletics /æθˈletiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  track and field events 田径项目  often 常作 attrib. athletics meeting  田径运动会b  the practice of these 田径运动，竞技 2 N. Amer.  physical sports and games of any kind [北美]体育运动，体育比赛

at-home n.  a social reception in a person's home 家庭招待会

athwart /əˈθwɔ:t/ adv. & prep. ●adv.  1  across from side to side (usu. obliquely) 横跨过；斜穿过 2  perversely or in opposition 颠倒地；对立地 ●prep.  1  from side to side of 横跨，横过 2  in opposition to 与…相对立 [A2 + THWART]

-atic /ˈætik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns (aquatic 水生的 ; fanatic 狂热分子 ; idiomatic 具有习语特点的) 构成形容词和名词 [French -atique or Latin -aticus, often ultimately from Greek -atikos]

atilt /əˈtilt/ adv.  tilted and nearly falling 倾斜地；几乎要倒地 [A2 + TILT]

-ation /ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming nouns denoting an action or an instance of it (alteration 更改 ; flirtation 调情 ; hesitation 犹豫) 构成名词，表示动作或实例 2  forming nouns denoting a result or product of action (plantation 种植 ; starvation 饥饿 ; vexation 恼怒) (see also 另见 -FICATION) 构成名词，表示动作结果 [from or suggested by French -ation or from Latin -atio -ationis from verbs ending in -are: see -ION]

-ative /ətiv, ˈeitiv/ suffix  forming adjectives denoting a characteristic or propensity (authoritative 权威的 ; imitative 模仿的 ; pejorative 退化的 ; qualitative 性质上的 ; talkative 爱说话的) 构成形容词，表示特征或倾向 [from or suggested by French -atif -ative or from Latin -ativus from past part. stem -at- of verbs ending in -are + -ivus (see -IVE): cf. -ATIC]

Atlanta /ətˈlæntə/ n.  亚特兰大 [美国城市]

Atlantean /ætˈlæntiən, ætlənˈti:ən/ adj.  1 literary  of or like Atlas, esp. in physical strength [文学用语] (像)巨人阿特拉斯的；力大无双的 2  of or relating to the legendary lost civilization of Atlantis (传说中的)亚特兰蒂斯文明的 [sense 1 from Latin Atlanteus (as ATLAS): sense 2 from Greek Atlantis]

atlantes /ætˈlænti:z/ n. pl. Archit.  male figures carved in stone and used as columns to support the entablature of a Greek or Greek-style building 【建】(希腊风格建筑中起支撑作用的)男像石柱 [Greek, pl. of Atlas: see ATLAS]

Atlantic /ætˈlæntik/ n. & adj. ●n. (作 the Atlantic)  = ATLANTIC OCEAN  ●adj.  of or adjoining the Atlantic 大西洋的；毗邻大西洋的 [Middle English via Latin Atlanticus from Greek Atlantikos (as ATLAS, -IC): originally of the Atlas Mountains, then of the sea near the W. African coast]

Atlanticism /ætˈlæntiˌsiz(ə)m/ n.  belief in or support for Nato or the close relationship between western Europe and the US 大西洋主义(指加强北约组织或西欧与美国之间亲密关系的信仰或主张) □ Atlanticist  n. & adj.  

Atlantic Ocean n.  the ocean between Europe and Africa to the east, and America to the west 大西洋(东岸为欧洲和非洲，西岸为美国)

Atlantic Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Atlantic Time)  the standard time in a zone including the easternmost parts of mainland Canada, four hours behind GMT 大西洋标准时间(指包括加拿大领土最东部地区在内的、比格林威治标准时间晚 4 小时的时区)

atlas /ˈætləs/ n.  1  a book of maps or charts 地图册；图表集 2 Anat.  the cervical vertebra of the backbone articulating with the skull at the neck 【解】寰椎，第一颈椎 [Latin from Greek Atlas -antos, the name of a Titan who held up the pillars of the universe, whose picture appeared at the beginning of early atlases]

ATM abbr.  automated teller machine [缩略]自动取款机

atm abbr. Physics [缩略]【物理学】  atmosphere(s) 

atman /ˈɑ:tmən/ n. Hinduism 【印度教】  1  the real self 生命本源，自我 2  the supreme spiritual principle 至高精神法则 [Sanskrit ɑˉtmɑˊn ‘essence, breath’]

atmosphere /ˈætməsfiə/ n.  1  a  the envelope of gases surrounding the earth, any other planet, or any substance 大气，大气层b  the air in any particular place, esp. if unpleasant (尤指使人不快的任何特定场所的)空气 2  a  the pervading tone or mood of a place or situation, esp. with reference to the feelings or emotions evoked (尤指感觉或情绪上的)气氛，氛围b  the feelings or emotions evoked by a work of art, a piece of music, etc. (由艺术作品、音乐作品等引起的)情绪，感受c  a feeling of tension between people, caused by a disagreement etc. (由意见不合等引起的)紧张气氛 3 Physics  a unit of pressure equal to mean atmospheric pressure at sea level, 101,325 pascals (abbr. 缩略 : atm) 【物理学】(标准)大气压(压力单位，等于海平面标准气压， 101,325 帕斯卡) □ atmospheric  /-ˈferik/ adj.  □ atmospherical  /-ˈferik(ə)l/ adj.  □ atmospherically  /-ˈferik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin atmosphaera from Greek atmos ‘vapour’: see SPHERE]

atmospherics /ætməsˈferiks/ n. pl.  1  electrical disturbance in the atmosphere, esp. caused by lightning 天电，大气干扰(尤指由雷电引起的) 2  interference with telecommunications caused by this 天电对通讯的干扰 3  a  actions intended to create a particular atmosphere or mood 企图制造某种气氛或情绪的行动b  a deliberately created atmosphere or mood (蓄意营造的)氛围，气氛

atoll /ˈætɒl, əˈtɒl/ n.  a ring-shaped coral reef enclosing a lagoon 环状珊瑚岛，环礁 [Maldivian atolu]

atom /ˈætəm/ n.  1  a  the smallest particle of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction 原子b  this particle as a source of nuclear energy 原子能 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  the least portion of a thing or quality 丝毫，微量  not an atom of pity  没有丝毫怜悯 [Middle English via Old French atome and Latin atomus from Greek atomos ‘indivisible’]

atom bomb n.  a bomb which derives its power from the release of energy by nuclear fission 原子弹

atomic /əˈtɒmik/ adj.  1  concerned with or using atomic energy or atom bombs 原子能的；原子弹的 2  of or relating to an atom or atoms 原子的 □ atomically  adv.   [modern Latin atomicus (as ATOM, -IC)]

atomic bomb n.  = ATOM BOMB 

atomic clock n.  a clock in which the periodic process (timescale) is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system, such as caesium or ammonia (利用原子或分子震荡计时的)原子钟

atomic energy n.  nuclear energy 原子能，核能

atomicity /ætəˈmisiti/ n.  1  the number of atoms in the molecules of an element 原子数 2  the state or fact of being composed of atoms 原子构成状态

atomic mass n.  the mass of an atom measured in atomic mass units 原子质量

atomic mass unit n.  a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights that is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (abbr. 缩略 : amu) 原子质量单位(为碳 12 原子质量的 1/12)

atomic number n.  the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table (symbol 符 Z) (化学元素在周期表中的)原子序数

atomic physics n.  the branch of physics concerned with the structure of the atom and the characteristics of the subatomic particles 原子物理学

atomic pile n.  a nuclear reactor 原子反应堆，核反应堆

atomic power n.  nuclear power 原子动力，核动力

atomic spectrum n.  the emission or absorption spectrum arising from electron transitions inside an atom and characteristic of the element 原子光谱

atomic structure n.  the structure of an atom as being a central positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged orbiting electrons 原子结构

atomic theory n.  1 Physics  the theory that atoms are composed of subatomic particles 【物理学】(主张原子是由更小原子微粒组成的)原子理论 2  the theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms, and esp. that the atoms of any one element are identical but differ from those of other elements and unite to form compounds in fixed proportions (认为物质是由基本粒子原子组成，每一元素所有原子都相同，但与其他元素不同，并可按一定比例构成复合元素的)原子理论 3 Philos.  atomism 【哲】原子论，原子说

atomic warfare n.  warfare involving the use of atom bombs 原子战争

atomic weight n.  = RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS 

atomism /ˈætəmiz(ə)m/ n.  1 Philos.  the theory that all matter consists of tiny individual particles 【哲】原子论，原子说 2 Psychol.  the theory that mental states are made up of elementary units 【心】心理原素论(认为心理状态是由多种要素单元构成的) □ atomist  n.  □ atomistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  

atomize /ˈætəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  reduce to atoms or fine particles 使分裂为原子或微粒子 2  fragment 使粉碎；使分化  atomized society  分裂的社会 □ atomization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

atomizer /ˈætəmaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  an instrument for emitting liquids as a fine spray 喷雾器，雾化器

atom smasher n. colloq. [口]  = ACCELERATOR 2 

atomy /ˈætəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic [古义]  1  a skeleton 骨架，骨骼 2  an emaciated body 皮包骨的躯体 [ANATOMY taken as an atomy]

atonal /eiˈtəʊn(ə)l, ə-/ adj. Mus.  not written in any key or mode 【音】无调性的 □ atonality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  

atone /əˈtəʊn/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  make amends; expiate (for a wrong) 弥补，补偿；赎罪 [back-formation from ATONEMENT]

atonement /əˈtəʊnm(ə)nt/ n.  1  expiation; reparation for a wrong or injury 弥补，补偿；赎罪 2  the reconciliation of God and man (神与人的)调和，合而为一 □ the Atonement   the expiation by Christ of mankind's sin 耶稣之为人类赎罪 [at one + -MENT, influenced by medieval Latin adunamentum and earlier onement from obsolete one (v.) ‘to unite’]

atonic /əˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  without accent or stress 无口音(或无重音)的 2 Med.  lacking bodily tone 【医】(身体)无张力的，松驰的 □ atony  /ˈætəni/ n.  

atop /əˈtɒp/ adv. & prep. ●adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  on the top 在顶部 ●prep.  on the top of 在…顶部

-ator /eitə/ suffix  forming agent nouns, usu. from Latin words (sometimes via French) (agitator 煽动者 ; creator 创造者 ; equator 赤道 ; escalator 电动扶梯) See also 另见 -OR1 构成(人、物)名词，通常源于拉丁词(有时源于法语) [Latin -ator]

-atory /ət(ə)ri/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘relating to or involving (a verbal action)’ (amatory 恋爱的 ; explanatory 解释的 ; predatory 掠夺的) See also 另见 -ORY2 构成形容词，意为“关于”或“涉及”(某一动词动作) [Latin -atorius]

ATP abbr.  adenosine triphosphate [缩略]三磷酸腺苷

atrabilious /ætrəˈbiliəs/ adj. literary  melancholy; ill-tempered [文学用语]抑郁的；暴躁的 [Latin atra bilis ‘black bile’, translation of Greek melagkholia MELANCHOLY]

atrium /ˈeitriəm/ n. (pl. atriums or atria /-triə/)  1  a  the central court of an ancient Roman house (古代罗马式房屋的)中庭，正厅b  a usu. skylit central court rising through several storeys with galleries and rooms opening off at each level (建筑中有透明屋顶的通常有几层楼高的)中央大厅c (in a modern house) a central hall or glazed court with rooms opening off it (现代建筑中的)中厅；天井 2 Anat.  a cavity in the body, esp. one of the two upper cavities of the heart, receiving blood from the veins 【解】体腔(尤指心房) □ atrial  adj.   [Latin]

atrocious /əˈtrəʊʃəs/ adj.  1  very bad or unpleasant 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的  atrocious weather  恶劣的天气 their manners were atrocious  他们的行为举止很不好 2  extremely savage or wicked 极残暴的；极凶恶的  atrocious cruelty  凶残恶毒 □ atrociously  adv.  □ atrociousness  n.   [Latin atrox -ocis ‘cruel’]

atrocity /əˈtrɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an extremely wicked or cruel act, esp. one involving physical violence or injury 凶恶；残暴(尤指针对人身的暴行或伤害) 2  extreme wickedness 极端邪恶 [French atrocité or Latin atrocitas (as ATROCIOUS, -ITY)]

atrophy /ˈætrəfi/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  waste away through undernourishment, ageing, or lack of use; become emaciated (由于营养不足、年迈或缺乏使用而)萎缩；衰退 2 tr.  cause to atrophy 使萎缩；使衰退 ●n.  the process of atrophying; emaciation 萎缩；衰退，退化 [French atrophie or Late Latin atrophia from Greek (as A-1 + trophē ‘food’)]

atropine /ˈætrəpi:n, -in/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid found in deadly nightshade, used in medicine to dilate the pupil of the eye, and to treat intestinal spasm and counteract slowing of the heart 阿托品(茄属植物中的一种，有毒碱) [modern Latin Atropa belladonna ‘deadly nightshade’ from Greek Atropos ‘inflexible’, the name of one of the Fates]

attach /əˈtætʃ/ v.  1 tr.  fasten, affix, join 附上；系上；连接 2 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to)  be very fond of or devoted to 喜爱；依恋于  am deeply attached to her  对她有着深深的依恋 3 tr.  attribute, assign (some function, quality, or characteristic) 把…归于；赋予(功能、属性、特征等)  can you attach a name to it?  你能给它取一个名字吗？ attaches great importance to it  认为此事十分重要 4  a tr.  include; cause to form part of a thing 附加；附属；使成为一部分  no conditions are attached  不附加任何条件b intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be an attribute or characteristic 使(某特征或特点)附着于  great prestige attaches to the job  此工作带有崇高的荣誉 5 refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  take part in; join 参加；加入  attached themselves to the expedition  他们参加此次探险 6 tr.  appoint for special or temporary duties 指定，指派(承担特殊或临时责任) 7 tr. Law  seize (a person or property) by legal authority 【法律】(司法机构)查封(财产)；扣押(某人) □ attachable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French estachier ‘fasten’ from Germanic: in Law sense via Old French atachier]

attachment /əˈtætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a thing attached or to be attached, esp. to a machine, device, etc., for a special function (尤指机器、设备等的)附件，附属物 2  affection, devotion 钟情；热爱 3  a means of attaching 连接手段 4  the act of attaching or the state of being attached 连接，联系 5  legal seizure 查封，扣押 6 Brit.  a temporary position in, or secondment to, an organization [英]临时职务，临时委派(到某组织) [Middle English from French attachement, from attacher (as ATTACH, -MENT)]

attaché /əˈtæʃei/ n.  1  a person appointed to an ambassador's staff, usu. with a special sphere of activity (大使的)随员；专员  military attaché  武官 press attaché  新闻专员 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = ATTACHÉ CASE  [French, past part. of attacher: see ATTACH]

attaché case n.  a small flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc. 公文包

attack /əˈtæk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  act against with (esp. armed) force (尤指用武力)攻击，进攻 2 tr.  seek to hurt or defeat 袭击，击败 3 tr.  criticize adversely 批评，抨击 4 tr.  act harmfully upon 侵害；侵蚀，腐蚀  a virus attacking the nervous system  侵害神经系统的一种病毒 rust had attacked the metal  铁锈腐蚀了这块金属 5 tr.  vigorously apply oneself to; begin work on 干劲十足地投身于；开始着手干  attacked his meal with gusto  津津有味地享用他的大餐 6 tr. (in various games) try to score goals, points, etc. against (one's opponents) (在各种运动中)试图战胜(对手)得分 7 intr.  make an attack 发起攻击；进行抨击 8 intr.  be in a mode of attack 处于攻击状态 ●n.  1  an act, or the process, of acting against a person or thing with (esp. armed) force; an offensive operation or mode of behaviour (武装)攻击，进攻；攻击行动 2  a sudden occurrence of an illness (疾病的)突然发作 3  gusto, vigour 兴致；充沛的精力，活力 4 Mus.  the action or manner of beginning a piece, passage, etc. 【音】(乐曲、乐章等的)起声，起奏 5  a player or players seeking to score goals etc. (试图突破得分的)进攻队员 □ attacker  n.   [French attaque, attaquer from Italian attacco ‘attack’, attaccare ATTACH]

attain /əˈtein/ v.  1 tr.  arrive at; reach (a goal etc.) 到达；达到(目的等) 2 tr.  gain, accomplish (an aim, distinction, etc.) 获得，实现(目标、地位等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  arrive at by conscious development or effort (经过努力)获得，达到 □ attainable  adj.  □ attainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ attainableness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French atain-, atein-, Old French ataign- ‘stem of ataindre’ from Latin attingere (as AD-, tangere ‘touch’)]

attainder /əˈteində/ n. hist.  the forfeiture of land and civil rights suffered as a consequence of a sentence of death for treason or felony [史义] (因叛国罪或其他重罪而被判处死刑后的)被剥夺财产和公民权利 □ act (or bill) of attainder   an item of legislation inflicting attainder without judicial process (无需司法程序的)褫夺公民权利法令 [Middle English from Anglo-French, = Old French ateindre ATTAIN, used as a noun: see -ER6]

attainment /əˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  something attained or achieved; an accomplishment 获得物；成就 2  the act or an instance of attaining 达到；获得；到达

attaint /əˈteint/ v. tr.  1 hist.  subject to attainder [史义]遭受剥夺财产权的处罚 2  a (of disease etc.) strike, affect. (疾病等)发作；侵袭b  taint 污辱；沾污 [Middle English from obsolete attaint (adj.) from Old French ataint, ateint past part. of ataindre (see ATTAIN): confused in meaning with TAINT]

attar /ˈætə/ n. (also 亦作 otto /ˈɒtəʊ/)  a fragrant essential oil, esp. from rose petals 花油(尤指从玫瑰花瓣中提取的香精油) [Persian ˈatar from Arabic ˈiṭ r ‘perfume’]

attempt /əˈtem(p)t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  seek to achieve or complete (a task or action) 企图，试图完成(某项任务或行动)  attempted the exercise  试着去做这道练习 attempted to explain  试图解释 2  seek to climb or master (a mountain etc.) 试图征服(高山等) ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  an act of attempting; an endeavour 尝试；企图；努力  made an attempt at winning  试图取得胜利 an attempt to succeed  为成功而努力 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  an attack; an effort to overcome 攻击，进攻；冲击；克服  an attempt on his life  企图谋害他 attempt on the world record  冲击世界记录 □ attempt the life of  archaic  try to kill [古义]试图杀掉，谋杀□ attemptable  adj.   [Old French attempter from Latin attemptare (as AD-, temptare TEMPT)]

attend /əˈtend/ v.  1 tr.  a  be present at 出席，参加  attended the meeting  出席会议b  go regularly to 定期地参加  attends the local school  在当地的学校上学 2 intr.  a  be present 到场  many members failed to attend  很多成员未能到场b  be present in a serving capacity; wait 照顾；侍候 3  a tr.  escort, accompany 护送，护卫；陪伴  the king was attended by soldiers  国王由士兵护卫b intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  wait on; serve 侍候；服务 4 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  turn or apply one's mind; focus one's attention 专心致志；注意  attend to what I am saying  注意我说的话 was not attending  心不在焉b (foll. by 后跟 to)  deal with 处理；着手解决  shall attend to the matter myself  我将自己处理此事 5 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  follow as a result from 伴随；导致  the error was attended by serious consequences  那个错误导致了严重后果 □ attender  n.   [Middle English via Old French atendre from Latin attendere (as AD-, tendere tent- ‘stretch’)]

attendance /əˈtend(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act of attending or being present 出席；出勤；到场 2  the number of people present 出席(出勤)人数  a high attendance  出勤率高 [Middle English from Old French atendance (as ATTEND, -ANCE)]

attendance allowance n. (in the UK) a state benefit paid to disabled people in need of constant care at home (英国) (国家对无自理能力的人的)家庭护理补贴

attendance centre n. (in the UK) a place where young offenders report by order of a court as a minor penalty (英国) (法院传讯少年罪犯进行轻微处罚的)少年管教中心

attendant /əˈtend(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person employed to wait on others or provide a service 服务员；侍者  cloakroom attendant  衣帽间服务员 museum attendant  博物馆服务员 ●adj.  1  accompanying 伴随的，陪伴的  attendant circumstances  伴随情况 2  waiting on; serving 侍候的；护理的  ladies attendant on the queen  服侍王后的宫女 [Middle English from Old French (as ATTEND, -ANT)]

attendee /ætenˈdi:/ n.  a person who attends (a meeting etc.) (会议等的)出席者

attention /əˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the act or faculty of applying one's mind 注意；注意力  give me your attention  注意我这里 attract his attention  吸引他的注意力 2  a  consideration 思考，考虑  give attention to the problem  考虑这个问题b  care 关心，关注  give special attention to your handwriting  特别注意你的书写 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  ceremonious politeness 礼貌，彬彬有礼  he paid his attentions to her  他对她彬彬有礼b  wooing, courting 追求，求爱  she was the subject of his attentions  她是他追求的对象 4 Mil.  an erect attitude of readiness 【军】立正恭候  stand at attention  立正站着 ●int.  1 (in full 全称 stand at or to attention!) Mil.  an order to assume an attitude of attention 【军】立正！  2  an imperative warning, to gain attention (祈使)要求注意，请求注意  attention please!  请注意！ □ attentional  adj.   [Middle English from Latin attentio (as ATTEND, -ION)]

attentive /əˈtentiv/ adj.  1  concentrating; paying attention 专心的，聚精会神的；注意的 2  assiduously polite 礼貌的；体贴的 3  heedful 留心的，留意的 □ attentively  adv.  □ attentiveness  n.   [Middle English from French attentif -ive from attente, Old French atente, fem. past part. of atendre ATTEND]

attenuate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /əˈtenjʊeit/  1  make thin 使稀薄 2  reduce in force, value, or virulence 削弱，降低(力量、价值、毒性等) 3 Electr.  reduce the amplitude of (a signal or current) 【电】使(信号或电流)减弱 ●adj. /əˈtenjʊət/  1  slender 纤细的，细小的 2  tapering gradually 逐渐变细(变尖)的 3  rarefied 稀薄的，稀释了的 □ attenuated  adj.  □ attenuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ attenuator  n.   [Latin attenuare (as AD-, tenuis ‘thin’)]

attest /əˈtest/ v.  1 tr.  a  certify the validity of 保证…有效性b  be evidence of 证明，验证 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  bear witness to 为…作证 3 esp. Brit. Mil. hist. [尤英]【军】[史义]  a intr.  declare oneself willing to serve if called upon 宣誓将应召参军b tr.  recruit by putting on oath to serve if called upon (通过使宣誓)招募(军人) □ attestable  adj.  □ attestor  n.   [French attester from Latin attestari (as AD-, testis ‘witness’)]

attestation /æteˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of attesting 证明 2  a testimony 证据，证词 [French attestation or Late Latin attestatio (as ATTEST, -ATION)]

Attic /ˈætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Athens or Attica, or the form of Greek spoken there 雅典的；阿提卡(古希腊一地名)的；雅典(或阿提卡)方言的 ●n.  the form of Greek used by the ancient Athenians 阿提卡方言(古代雅典人所用希腊语) [Latin Atticus from Greek Attikos]

attic /ˈætik/ n.  1  the uppermost storey in a house, usu. under the roof 阁楼，顶楼 2  a room in the attic area 屋顶室 [French attique, as ATTIC: originally (Archit.) a small order (column and entablature) above a taller one]

atticism /ˈætisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  extreme elegance of speech 典雅的用语 2  an instance of this 典雅的言辞 [Greek Attikismos (as ATTIC, -ISM)]

Attic salt n. (also 亦作 Attic wit)  refined wit 典雅而精义的妙语

attire /əˈtaiə/ v. & n. formal [正式] ●v. tr.  dress, esp. in fine clothes or formal wear 穿衣；(尤指)穿上盛装 ●n.  clothes, esp. fine or formal 着装，盛装 [Middle English from Old French atir(i)er ‘equip’ from ɑˋ tire ‘in order’, of unknown origin]

attitude /ˈætitju:d/ n.  1  a  a settled opinion or (also 亦作 attitude of mind) way of thinking 固定的看法，心态b  behaviour reflecting this 态度；举动  I don't like his attitude  我不喜欢他的态度 2  a  a bodily posture (身体的)姿态，姿势b  a pose adopted in a painting or a play, esp. for dramatic effect (绘画或表演中摆出的)姿势  strike an attitude  摆出一个姿势 3  the position of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc., in relation to specified directions (飞机、飞船等的)位置；姿态 4 esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  a  truculence; a lack of cooperation; arrogance 粗野；不合作；傲慢b  style, swagger 风度；大摇大摆 □ attitudinal  /ætiˈtju:din(ə)l/ adj.   [French via Italian attitudine ‘fitness, posture’, from Late Latin aptitudo -dinis from aptus ‘fit’]

attitudinize /ætiˈtju:dinaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  practise or adopt attitudes, esp. for effect 装模作样，故作姿态 2  speak, write, or behave affectedly (说话、写作或行为)做作，装腔作势 [Italian attitudine from Late Latin (as ATTITUDE) + -IZE]

attn. abbr. [缩略]  1  attention  2  for the attention of 请…过目

atto- /ˈætəʊ/ comb. form Math.  denoting a factor of 10-18 (attometre 微量计) [构词成分]【数】渺，微微微 (= 10-18) [Danish or Norwegian atten ‘eighteen’ + -O-]

attorney /əˈtɜ:ni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a person, esp. a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters (业务或法律事务上的)代理人(尤指律师) 2 US  a qualified lawyer, esp. one representing a client in a law court [美] (尤指出庭辩护的)律师 □ attorneyship  n.   [Middle English from Old French atorné, past part. of atorner ‘assign’, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + torner ‘turn’]

Attorney-General n.  the chief legal officer in England, the US, and other countries (英国等的)首席检查官，检查总长；(美国)司法部长

attract /əˈtrækt/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  draw or bring to oneself or itself 吸引；引起  attracts many admirers  吸引了许多崇拜者 attracts attention  引起注意 2  be attractive to; fascinate 对…有吸引力；使入迷 3 (of a magnet, gravity, etc.) exert a pull on (an object) (磁铁、重力等)对(物体)吸引 □ attractable  adj.  □ attractor  n.   [Latin attrahere (as AD-, trahere tract- ‘draw’)]

attractant /əˈtrækt(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance which attracts (esp. insects) (尤指对昆虫的)引诱剂，诱引物 ●adj.  attracting 有引诱力的

attraction /əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or power of attracting 吸引；吸引力，诱惑力  the attraction of foreign travel  到国外去旅行的诱惑力b  a person or thing that attracts by arousing interest 具有吸引力的事物(或人)  the fair is a big attraction  这次交易会很有吸引力 2 Physics  the force by which bodies attract or approach each other (opp. 反义 REPULSION) 【物理学】引力 3 Gram.  the influence exerted by one word on another which causes it to change to an incorrect form, e.g. the wages of sin is (for are) death 【语法】(因受某字影响引起的)形态同化(例如 the wages of sin is death 中的 is ，代替 are) [French attraction or Latin attractio (as ATTRACT, -ION)]

attractive /əˈtræktiv/ adj.  1  attracting or capable of attracting; interesting 有吸引力的；引人注意的；引起兴趣的  an attractive proposition  一个吸引人的建议 2  aesthetically pleasing or appealing 妩媚迷人的；有魅力的 □ attractively  adv.  □ attractiveness  n.   [French attractif -ive from Late Latin attractivus (as ATTRACT, -IVE)]

attribute v. & n. ●v. tr. /əˈtribju:t/ (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  ascribe to or regard as the effect of (a stated cause) 把…归因于，归咎于  the delays were attributed to the heavy traffic  把延误归咎于交通拥挤 2  regard as having been created or originated by 认为是…所创造；认为起源于…  a poem attributed to Shakespeare  一首被认为是莎士比亚所作的诗 3  regard as characteristic of; regard as possessing or having 认为属于…的特点；认为拥有  attributed magical powers to their gods  认为他们的神具有魔力 he attributes particular significance to their absence  他认为他们没来必有特别的含意 ●n. /ˈætribju:t/  1  a  a quality ascribed to a person or thing (赋予某人或物的)属性b  a characteristic quality 特征，特性 2  a material object recognized as appropriate to a person, office, or status (人、职务、地位等的)象征，标志  a large car is an attribute of seniority  大型轿车是资深的象征 3 Gram.  an attributive adjective or noun 【语法】定语 □ attributable  /əˈtribjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ attribution  /ætriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin attribuere attribut- (as AD-, tribuere ‘assign’): the noun from Old French attribut or Latin attributum]

attributive /əˈtribjʊtiv/ adj. Gram. (of an adjective or noun) preceding the word it qualifies or modifies and expressing an attribute, as old in the old dog (but not in the dog is old) and expiry in expiry date (opp. 反义 PREDICATIVE 1) 【语法】(指形容词或名词)用作定语的(例如 the old dog 中的 old ；但 the dog is old 中的 old 不是；以及 expiry date 中的 expiry) □ attributively  adv.   [French attributif -ive (as ATTRIBUTE, -IVE)]

attrit /əˈtrit/ v. tr. (attritted, attritting) US colloq.  wear down (an opponent or enemy) by sustained action [美口]消耗，削弱(对手或敌人) [back-formation from ATTRITION]

attrition /əˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of gradually wearing out, esp. by friction 消耗，削弱b  abrasion 磨损 2 Theol.  sorrow for sin, falling short of contrition 【神】不彻底的忏悔 3 esp. N. Amer. & Austral. [尤北美澳]  = WASTAGE 3  □ attritional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin attritio, from atterere attrit- ‘rub’]

attune /əˈtju:n/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  adjust (a person or thing) to a situation 调谐；使(人或事物)协调 2  bring (an orchestra, instrument, etc.) into musical accord 为(乐队、乐器等)调音 [AT- + TUNE]

Atty. abbr. [缩略]  Attorney 

atypical /eiˈtipik(ə)l, æ-/ adj.  not typical; not conforming to a type 非典型的；不合类的；异型的 □ atypically  adv.  

AU abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 au.)  astronomical unit 天文单位 2  ångström unit 埃(波长单位)

Au symb. Chem.  the element gold [符]【化】(化学元素)金 [Latin aurum]

aubade /əʊˈbɑ:d/ n.  a poem or piece of music appropriate to the dawn or early morning 晨歌，黎明曲 [French from Spanish albada, from alba ‘dawn’]

auberge /əʊˈbɛəʒ, 法 obɛrʒ/ n.  an inn 小客栈 [French, from Provençal alberga ‘lodging’]

aubergine /ˈəʊbəʒi:n/ n. & adj. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●n.  1  a tropical plant, Solanum melongena, having erect or spreading branches bearing white or purple egg-shaped fruit also called 亦称作 EGGPLANT 茄子 2  this fruit eaten as a vegetable (作为蔬菜食用的)茄子 3  the dark purple colour of this fruit 茄子色，深紫色 ●adj.  of the colour of the aubergine; dark purple 茄子色的；深紫色的 [French via Catalan alberginia, Arabic al-bɑˉḍinjɑˉn, and Persian bɑˉdingɑˉn from Sanskrit vɑˉtiṃgaṇa]

Auberon /ˈɔ:bərɒn/   奥伯伦 [人名]

Aubrey /ˈɔ:bri/   奥布里 [人名]

aubrietia /ɔ:ˈbri:ʃə/ n. (also 亦作 aubretia)  a dwarf perennial rock plant of the genus Aubrieta, having purple or pink flowers in spring 南庭霁(一种矮小的常年生岩石植物，春季开紫色或粉红色花) [alteration of modern Latin, named after Claude Aubriet, French botanist d. 1743]■Usage 用法说明 Note that the correct spelling of the Latin name is Aubrieta. 注意拉丁名的正确拼写是 Aubrieta 。 

auburn /ˈɔ:bən, -bɜ:n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. of a person's hair) of a reddish-brown colour (通常指人的头发)红褐色的，赭色的 ●n.  this colour 红褐色，赭色 [Middle English, originally ‘yellowish white’, via Old French auborne, alborne, from Latin alburnus ‘whitish’, from albus ‘white’]

AUC abbr. (of a date) from the foundation of the city (of Rome) [缩略]自(罗马城)建立(之日) [Latin ab urbe condita]

Auckland /ˈɔ:klənd/ n.  奥克兰 [新西兰港市]

au courant /əʊ kʊˈrɒ˜/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, of)  knowing what is going on; well informed 了解情况的；信息灵通的 [French, = in the (regular) course]

auction /ˈɔ:kʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sale of goods, usu. in public, in which articles are sold to the highest bidder 拍卖 2  the sequence of bids made at auction bridge (竞叫桥牌中的)连续叫牌阶段 ●v. tr.  sell by auction 拍卖 [Latin auctio ‘increase, auction’ from augēre auct- ‘increase’]

auction bridge n.  a form of bridge in which players bid for the right to name trumps (桥牌游戏中通过叫牌确定将牌的)竞叫桥牌

auctioneer /ɔ:kʃəˈniə/ n.  a person who conducts auctions professionally, by calling for bids and declaring goods sold 拍卖商 □ auctioneering  n.  

auction house n.  a company that runs auction sales 拍卖所

auction room n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the premises where auction sales take place 拍卖地点，拍卖场所

auction sale n.  = AUCTIONn. 1 

audacious /ɔ:ˈdeiʃəs/ adj.  1  daring, bold 大胆的，无畏的 2  impudent 放肆的；厚颜无耻的 □ audaciously  adv.  □ audaciousness  n.  □ audacity  /ɔ:ˈdæsiti/ n.   [Latin audax -acis ‘bold’ from audēre ‘dare’]

audible /ˈɔ:dib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being heard 听得见的 □ audibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ audibleness  n.  □ audibly  adv.   [Late Latin audibilis from audire ‘hear’]

audience /ˈɔ:diəns/ n.  1  a  the assembled listeners or spectators at an event, esp. a stage performance, concert, etc. (尤指舞台演出、音乐会等的)观众；听众；受众b  the people addressed by a film, book, play, etc. (电影、图书、戏剧等的)发行对象；读者大众 2  a formal interview with a person in authority 正式接见；谒见；觐见 3 archaic  a hearing [古义]倾听  give audience to my plea  听听我的请求吧 [Middle English via Old French from Latin audientia, from audire ‘hear’]

audile /ˈɔ:dail/ adj.  of or referring to the sense of hearing 听觉的；有关听觉的 [formed irregularly from Latin audire ‘hear’, on the pattern of tactile]

audio /ˈɔ:diəʊ/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  sound or the reproduction of sound 声音的；声频的，音频的 [AUDIO-]

audio- /ˈɔ:diəʊ/ comb. form  hearing or sound [构词成分]听觉，声音的 [Latin audire ‘hear’ + -O-]

Audio-Animatronics /ˌɔ:diəʊˌæniməˈtrɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) propr. [商标]  = ANIMATRONICS  [AUDIO- + ANIMATRONICS]

audio cassette n.  a cassette of audiotape 盒式录音带

audio frequency n.  a frequency capable of being perceived by the human ear 音频，声频(人耳可听到的频率)

audiology /ɔ:diˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of hearing 听力学，听觉学 □ audiologist  n.  

audiometer /ɔ:diˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for testing hearing 听度计，测听计

audiophile /ˈɔ:diə(ʊ)fail/ n.  a hi-fi enthusiast 高保真音响爱好者

audiotape /ˈɔ:diə(ʊ)teip/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 audio tape)  1  a  magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded 录音磁带b  a length of this, esp. an audio cassette (尤指盒式录音磁带的)一段磁带 2  a sound recording on tape (磁带上的)录音 ●v. tr.  record (sound, speech, etc.) on tape 在磁带上录制(声音、讲话等)

audio typist n.  a person who types direct from a recording 根据录音直接打字的打字员

audio-visual /ɔ:diəʊˈviʒjʊəl, -ˈvizjʊəl/ adj. (esp. of teaching methods) using both sight and sound (尤指教学方法)声像的；视听的

audit /ˈɔ:dit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official examination of accounts 审计，查账 2  a systematic review 系统检查  safety audit  安全检查 ●v. tr. (audited, auditing)  1  conduct an audit of 对…进行审计；查账 2 N. Amer.  attend (a class) informally, without working for credits [北美] (在课堂上)旁听(不计学分) [Middle English from Latin auditus ‘hearing’, from audire audit- ‘hear’]

audition /ɔ:ˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an interview for a role as a singer, actor, dancer, etc., consisting of a practical demonstration of suitability 面试；试听(以鉴定歌手、演员等) 2  the power of hearing or listening 听力，听觉 ●v.  1 tr.  interview (a candidate) at an audition 对(候选人)进行面试；让…试演 2 intr.  be interviewed at an audition 接受面试 [French audition or Latin auditio, from audire audit- ‘hear’]

auditive /ˈɔ:ditiv/ adj.  concerned with hearing 听的；听觉的 [French auditif -ive (as AUDITION, -IVE)]

auditor /ˈɔ:ditə/ n.  1  a person who conducts an audit 审计员，查账员 2  a listener 听者，收听者 3 N. Amer.  a person who audits a class [北美]旁听生 □ auditorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French auditour from Latin auditor -oris (as AUDITIVE, -OR1)]

auditorium /ɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. auditoriums or auditoria /-riə/)  1  the part of a theatre etc. in which the audience sits 听众席；观众席 2 N. Amer.  a large room, esp. a school hall [北美] (尤指学校的)会堂，礼堂 3 N. Amer.  a building incorporating a large hall for public gatherings, sports events, etc. [北美] (可用于公众集会、体育赛事等的)场馆 [Latin, neut. of auditorius (adj.): see AUDITORY, -ORIUM]

auditory /ˈɔ:dit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  concerned with hearing 听的；听觉的 2  received by the ear 通过听觉获得的 [Latin auditorius (as AUDITOR, -ORY2)]

Audrey /ˈɔ:dri/   奥德丽 [人名]

AUEW abbr. (in the UK) Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers [缩略] (英国)工程工人联合会

au fait /əʊ ˈfei/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  having current knowledge; conversant 了解近况的；熟悉的  fully au fait with the arrangements  对此安排了如指掌 □ put (or make) au fait with  esp. Brit.  instruct in [尤英]使某人熟悉某情况 [French, literally ‘to the fact, to the point’]

au fond /əʊ ˈfɒ˜, 法 o fɔ˜/ adv.  basically; at bottom 基本上；从根本上 [French]

Aug. abbr. [缩略]  August 

Augean /ɔ:ˈdʒi:ən/ adj. literary  filthy; extremely dirty [文学用语]污秽的；极脏的 [Latin Augeas from Greek Augeias (in Greek mythology, the owner of stables which Hercules cleaned by diverting a river through them)]

auger /ˈɔ:ɡə/ n.  1  a tool resembling a large corkscrew, for boring holes in wood 螺丝钻，木螺钻 2  a similar larger tool for boring holes in the ground (用于地面钻孔的)土螺钻，地螺钻 [Old English nafogɑˉr from nafu NAVE2, + gɑˉr ‘pierce’: for loss of n cf. ADDER]

aught1 /ɔ:t/ n. (also 亦作 ought) (usu. implying neg. 通常有否定意味) archaic  anything at all [古义]任何东西；任何事情 [Old English ɑˉwiht, from Germanic]

aught2 var.  of OUGHT2  OUGHT2 的变体

augite /ˈɔ:dʒait/ n. Mineral.  a dark green or black mineral of the pyroxene group, occurring in many igneous rocks 【矿】辉石 [Latin augites from Greek augitēs, from augē ‘lustre’]

augment v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /ɔ:ɡˈment/  make or become greater; increase 扩大；加强；提高；增加；增长 ●n. /ˈɔ:ɡm(ə)nt/ Gram.  a vowel prefixed to the past tenses in the older Indo-European languages 【语法】(古印欧诸语言中加在动词过去式词首的)增音 □ augmenter  n.   [Middle English from Old French augment (n.), French augmenter (v.), or Late Latin augmentum, augmentare from Latin augēre ‘increase’]

augmentation /ɔ:ɡmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  enlargement; growth; increase 扩大；增长；增加 2 Mus.  the lengthening of the time values of notes in melodic parts 【音】(主旋律的)延长 [Middle English via French from Late Latin augmentatio -onis from augmentare (as AUGMENT)]

augmentative /ɔ:ɡˈmentətiv/ adj.  1  having the property of increasing 有扩大(增长、增加、提高)作用的 2 Gram. (of an affix or derived word) reinforcing the idea of the original word 【语法】(指词缀或派生词)增强词义的 [French augmentatif -ive or medieval Latin augmentativus (as AUGMENT)]

augmented interval n. Mus.  a perfect or major interval that is increased by a semitone 【音】增音程(增加了一个“半音”的全音程或长音程)

au gratin /əʊ ˈɡrætæn/ adj.  sprinkled with breadcrumbs or grated cheese and browned (面包或奶酪)带脆皮的 [French from gratter, = by grating, from GRATE1]

augur /ˈɔ:ɡə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of an event, circumstance, etc.) suggest a specified outcome (usu. 通常作 augur well or ill); portend, bode (指事件、情况等)预示，有…的征兆  all augured well for our success  一切都预示着我们的成功 2 tr.  a  foresee, predict 占卜，预言；预测b  portend 成为…的前兆 ●n. hist.  an ancient Roman religious official who observed natural signs, esp. the behaviour of birds, interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action [史义] (古罗马通过观察自然征兆、尤其是鸟类活动来预测未来凶吉的)占卜官 □ augural  /ˈɔ:ɡjʊr(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin]

augury /ˈɔ:ɡjʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an omen; a portent 预兆，征兆 2  the work of an augur; the interpretation of omens (占卜官的)占卜；对征兆的解释 [Middle English from Old French augurie or Latin augurium from AUGUR]

August /ˈɔ:ɡəst/ n.  the eighth month of the year 八月 [Old English from Latin Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor]

august /ɔ:ˈɡʌst/ adj.  inspiring reverence and admiration; venerable, impressive 威严的；令人敬畏的；给人印象深刻的 □ augustly  adv.  □ augustness  n.   [French auguste or Latin augustus ‘consecrated, venerable’]

Augustan /ɔ:ˈɡʌst(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  connected with, occurring during, or influenced by the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus, esp. as an outstanding period of Latin literature (古罗马皇帝)奥古斯都的；(尤指作为拉丁文学全盛期的)奥古斯都时代的 2 (of a nation's literature) refined and classical in style (in England of the literature of the 17th － 18th c.) (指某国的文学)奥古斯都风格的；古典的；典雅的(在英格兰指大约 17 至 18 世纪时期)的文学 ●n.  a writer of the Augustan age of any literature 奥古斯都时期的文学家 [Latin Augustanus from Augustus]

Augustine /ɔ:ˈɡʌstin/ n.  an Augustinian friar 奥古斯丁派修道士 [Middle English via Old French augustin from Latin Augustinus AUGUSTINIAN]

Augustinian /ɔ:ɡəˈstiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to St Augustine, a Doctor of the Church (d. 430), or his doctrines 圣奥古斯丁(卒于 430 年)的；圣奥古斯丁教义的 2  belonging to a religious order observing a rule derived from St Augustine's writings 信奉圣奥古斯丁学说的；圣奥古斯丁教派的 ●n.  1  an adherent of the doctrines of St Augustine 圣奥古斯丁信徒 2  a member of an Augustinian order 奥古斯丁派修道士 [Latin Augustinus ‘Augustine’]

auk /ɔ:k/ n.  any marine diving bird of the family Alcidae, native to the northern oceans, with heavy body, short wings, and black and white plumage, e.g. the guillemot, puffin, and razorbill 海雀(生于北部海洋地区的海鸟，体大，短翅，蹼足) [Old Norse ɑˊlka]

auklet /ˈɔ:klit/ n.  any of several small auks mainly of the N. Pacific (主要栖息于北太平洋地区的)小海雀

auld /ɔ:ld, ɑ:ld/ adj. Sc.  old [苏格兰]老的；古老的；旧的 [Old English ald, Anglian form of OLD]

auld lang syne /ɔ:ld læŋ ˈsain/ n.  times long past 过去的时光，美好的昔日 [Scots, = old long since: also as the title and refrain of a song]

aumbry /ˈɔ:mbri/ n. (also 亦作 ambry /ˈæmbri/) (pl. -ies)  1  a small recess in the wall of a church (教堂墙壁上的)小凹洞 2 hist.  a small cupboard [史义]小橱柜 [Middle English via Old French almarie, armarie (modern armoire) from Latin armarium ‘closet, chest’, from arma ‘utensils’]

au naturel /ˌəʊ nætjʊˈrel/ predic. adj. & adv.  1  uncooked; (cooked) in the most natural or simplest way 未烹制的；采用最自然、最简单方法(烹制)的 2  in its natural state 自然的，天然的 [French, = in the natural state]

aunt /ɑ:nt/ n.  1  the sister of one's father or mother 姑妈；姨妈 2  an uncle's wife 舅妈；伯母；婶子 3 colloq.  an unrelated woman friend of a child or children [口] (儿童用语)阿姨 □ my (or my sainted etc.) aunt  esp. Brit. slang  an exclamation of surprise, disbelief, etc. [尤英] [俚语]哎呀，天哪(表示惊讶、不相信等的感叹语) [Middle English via Anglo-French aunte, Old French ante, from Latin amita]

auntie /ˈɑ:nti/ n. (also 亦作 aunty) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  = AUNT  2 (作 Auntie) Brit.  an institution considered to be conservative or cautious, esp. the BBC [英]保守或特别谨慎的机构(尤指英国广播公司)

Aunt Sally n. Brit. [英]  1  a game in which players throw sticks or balls at a wooden dummy “萨利大婶”(一种向一个木人投掷棍或球的游戏) 2  the object of unreasonable attack 无端受到攻击的对象

au pair /əʊ ˈpɛə/ n.  a young foreign person, esp. a woman, helping with housework etc. in exchange for room, board, and pocket money, esp. as a means of learning a language “互裨”姑娘(尤指帮助做家务以换取住宿和零用钱用以学习语言的外国女人) [French, = on equal terms: earlier as adj. denoting payment by mutual services]

aura /ˈɔ:rə/ n. (pl. aurae /-ri:/ or auras)  1  the distinctive atmosphere diffused by or attending a person, place, etc. (某人、某地点等特有的)气味，气息；气氛，氛围 2 (in mystic or spiritualistic use) a supposed subtle emanation, visible as a sphere of white or coloured light, surrounding the body of a living creature (神怪迷信所谓的围绕在某种生物体身上的)光环，光轮 3  a subtle emanation or aroma from flowers etc. (花等散发出的)清香，幽香 4 Med.  premonitory symptom(s) in epilepsy etc. 【医】(癫痫病等的)先兆症状，预感 □ aural  adj.  □ auric  adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek, = breeze, breath]

aural /ˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to or received by the ear 耳的；听觉的；通过听觉获得的 □ aurally  adv.   [Latin auris ‘ear’]■Usage 用法说明 Aural is sometimes pronounced /ˈaʊr(ə)l/ (the first syllable rhyming with cow), in order to distinguish it from oral. Some people regard this as incorrect. aural 一词有时发音成 /ˈaʊr(ə)l/(与 cow 同韵)以区别于 oral 。 

aureate /ˈɔ:riət/ adj.  1  golden, gold-coloured 金(黄)色的；金灿灿的 2  resplendent 灿烂的，辉煌的 3 (of language) highly ornamented (语言)大加修饰的，词藻华丽的 [Middle English via Late Latin aureatus from Latin aureus ‘golden’, from aurum ‘gold’]

aureole /ˈɔ:riəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 aureola /ɔ:ˈriələ/)  1  a halo or circle of light, esp. round the head or body of a portrayed religious figure (尤指宗教肖像上环绕头部或身体的)光环，光轮 2  a corona round the sun or moon 日晕，月晕 [Middle English from Latin aureola (corona) ‘golden (crown)’, fem. of aureolus (diminutive of aureus) from aurum ‘gold’: aureole via Old French from Latin aureola]

au revoir /əʊ rəˈvwɑ:/ int. & n.  goodbye (until we meet again) 再见，再会 [French, literally ‘to the seeing again’]

auric /ˈɔ:rik/ adj.  of or relating to trivalent gold 金的；三价金的 [Latin aurum ‘gold’]

auricle /ˈɔ:rik(ə)l/ n. Anat. 【解】  1  a  a small muscular pouch on the surface of each atrium of the heart (心房的)心耳b  the atrium itself 心房 2  the external part of the ear; the pinna 外耳；耳廓 3  an appendage shaped like the ear 耳状物 [AURICULA]

auricula /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlə/ n.  a primula, Primula auricula, with leaves shaped like bears' ears Also called 亦称作 bear's ear 耳状报春花 [Latin, diminutive of auris ‘ear’]

auricular /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to the ear or hearing 耳的；听觉的 2  of or relating to the auricle of the heart 心耳的 3  shaped like an auricle 耳状的 [Late Latin auricularis (as AURICULA)]

auriculate /ɔ:ˈrikjʊlət/ adj.  having one or more auricles or ear-shaped appendages 有耳的；有耳状物的 [Latin]

auriferous /ɔ:ˈrif(ə)rəs/ adj.  naturally bearing gold 含金的；产金的 [Latin aurifer from aurum ‘gold’]

Aurignacian /ɔ:riˈnjeiʃ(ə)n, -iɡˈnei-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a palaeolithic culture in Europe and the Near East, following the Mousterian and dated to c. 34,000 － 29,000 BC. (旧石器时代莫斯特文化之后)奥瑞纳文化的(约公元前 3.4 万年至 2.9 万年) ●n.  this culture 奥瑞纳文化 [French Aurignacien from Aurignac in SW France, where remains were found]

aurochs /ˈɔ:rɒks, ˈaʊ-/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  an extinct wild ox, Bos primigenius, ancestor of domestic cattle and formerly native to many parts of the world Also called 亦称作 urus 欧洲野牛(现已灭绝) [German from Old High German ūrohso from ūr- ‘urus’ + ohso ‘ox’]

aurora /ɔ:ˈrɔ:rə/ n. (pl. auroras or aurorae /-ri:/)  1  a luminous electrical atmospheric phenomenon, usu. of streamers of light in the sky above the northern or southern magnetic pole (北极或南极上空的)极光 2 poet.  the dawn [诗]黎明；晨曦，曙光 □ auroral  adj.   [Latin, = dawn, goddess of dawn]

aurora australis /ɔ:ˈstreilis/ n.  the aurora of the southern regions 南极光 [Latin australis ‘southern’: see AUSTRAL]

aurora borealis /bɔ:riˈeilis/ n.  the aurora of the northern regions 北极光 [Latin borealis ‘northern’: see BOREAL]

auscultation /ɔ:sk(ə)lˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of listening, esp. to sounds from the heart, lungs, etc., as a part of medical diagnosis 听；(尤指对心脏、肺等的)听诊 □ auscultatory  /-ˈskʌltət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin auscultatio from auscultare ‘listen to’]

auspice /ˈɔ:spis/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  patronage (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 under the auspices of) 赞助；支持 2  a forecast 预兆，前兆 [originally ‘observation of bird-flight in divination’: French auspice or Latin auspicium, from auspex ‘observer of birds’ from avis ‘bird’]

auspicious /ɔ:ˈspiʃəs/ adj.  1  of good omen; favourable 吉兆的，吉利的；有利的 2  prosperous 繁盛的，兴旺的 □ auspiciously  adv.  □ auspiciousness  n.   [AUSPICE + -OUS]

Aussie /ˈɒzi, ˈɒsi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Ossie, Ozzie) colloq. [口] ●n.  1  an Australian 澳大利亚人 2  Australia 澳大利亚 ●adj.  Australian 澳大利亚的 [abbreviation]

austere /ɒˈstiə, ɔ:-/ adj. (austerer, austerest)  1  severely simple 极简朴的，朴素的 2  morally strict (道德上)严格的 3  harsh, stern 苛刻的，严厉的 □ austerely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin austerus from Greek austēros ‘severe’]

austerity /ɒˈsteriti, ɔ:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  sternness; moral severity 严厉，严格；(道德上的)苛求 2  severe simplicity, e.g. of nationwide economies 紧缩，节俭，严格的节制消费(例如指国家的经济开支) 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an austere practice 苦行，艰苦生活  the austerities of a monk's life  僧侣的苦修生活

Austin /ˈɒstin, ˈɔ:-/ n.  = AUGUSTINIAN  [contraction of AUGUSTINE]

austral /ˈɒstr(ə)l, ˈɔ:-/ adj.  1  southern 南方的 2 (作 Austral)  of Australia or Australasia 澳大利亚的；澳大拉西亚的  Austral English  澳大利亚英语 [Middle English from Latin australis, from Auster ‘south wind’]

Australasia /ˌɒstrəˈleiʒjə/ n.  澳大拉西亚

Australasian /ɒstrəˈleiʒ(ə)n, -ʃ(ə)n, ɔ:-/ adj.  of or relating to Australasia, a region consisting of Australia and islands of the SW Pacific 澳大拉西亚(包括澳大利亚和西南太平洋地区诸岛)的 [Australasia from French Australasie, as Australia + Asia]

Australia   澳大利亚

Australian /ɒˈstreiliən, ɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Australia 澳大利亚人，澳洲人 2  a person of Australian descent 澳大利亚血统的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Australia 澳大利亚的 □ Australianism  n.   [French australien from Latin (as AUSTRAL)]

Australian bear n.  a koala bear 树袋熊，考拉

Australian Rules n. (in full 全称 Australian Rules football)  a form of football played with an oval ball on an oval pitch by teams of 18 Also called 亦称作 Australian National Football 澳式足球，澳式橄榄球(每队 18 人在一个椭圆形场地上进行)

Australian salmon  see 见 SALMON 2a 

Australian terrier n.  a wire-haired Australian breed of terrier 澳洲猎犬(一种澳大利亚粗毛狗)

Australopithecus /ˌɒstrələʊˈpiθikəs, ˌɔ:-/ n.  an extinct bipedal primate of the genus Australopithecus, having apelike and human characteristics, found fossilized in Africa 南方古猿(一种已灭绝的两足灵长类动物，其化石发现于非洲) □ australopithecine  /-isi:n/ n. & adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin australis ‘southern’ + Greek pithēkos ‘ape’]

Austria   奥地利

Austrian /ˈɒstriən, ˈɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Austria 奥地利人 2  a person of Austrian descent 奥地利血统的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Austria 奥地利的

Austro-1 /ˈɒstrəʊ, ˈɔ:-/ comb. form  Austrian; Austrian and (Austro-Hungarian 奥匈帝国的) [构词成分]奥地利的；奥地利和…的

Austro-2 /ˈɒstrəʊ, ˈɔ:-/ comb. form  Australian; Australian and (Austro-Asiatic 澳亚语系的) [构词成分]澳大利亚的；澳大利亚和…的

Austronesian /ɒstrə(ʊ)ˈni:zjən, -ʒ(ə)n, ɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a family of agglutinative languages spoken widely in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other parts of SE Asia, and in the islands of the central and southern Pacific 澳亚语系(指在马来西亚、印度尼西亚和东南亚其他一些地区以及中部和南部太平洋诸岛地区广泛使用的粘着性语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language family 澳亚语系的 [German austronesisch, from Latin australis ‘southern’ + -O- + Greek nēsos ‘island’]

AUT abbr. (in the UK) Association of University Teachers [缩略] (英国)大学教师协会

autarchy /ˈɔ:tɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  absolute sovereignty 专制统治 2  despotism 专制，独裁 3  an autarchic country or society 专制的国家或社会 □ autarchic  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik/ adj.  □ autarchical  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin autarchia (as AUTO-, Greek -arkhia from arkhō ‘rule’)]

autarky /ˈɔ:tɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  self-sufficiency, esp. as an economic system (尤指经济体制的)自给自足 2  a state etc. run according to such a system 自给自足的国家(或社会等) □ autarkic  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik/ adj.  □ autarkical  /ɔ:ˈtɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ autarkist  n.   [Greek autarkeia (as AUTO-, arkeō ‘suffice’)]

auteur /əʊˈtɜ:, ɔ:-/ n.  a film director who has such great influence on his or her films that he or she ranks as their author (具有自己独立风格的)电影导演 [French, = author]

authentic /ɔ:ˈθentik/ adj.  1  a  of undisputed origin; genuine 出处无可争议的；真实的b  reliable or trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的 2 Mus. (of a mode) containing notes between the final and an octave higher (cf. 参见 PLAGAL) 【音】(调式)含有主调音及高八度音的 □ authentically  adv.  □ authenticity  /ɔ:θenˈtisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French autentique and Late Latin authenticus from Greek authentikos ‘principal, genuine’]

authenticate /ɔ:ˈθentikeit/ v. tr.  1  establish the truth or genuineness of 证明，证实；鉴别 2  validate 使生效，使有效 □ authentication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ authenticator  n.   [medieval Latin authenticare from Late Latin authenticus: see AUTHENTIC]

author /ˈɔ:θə/ n. & v. ●n. (fem. authoress /ˈɔ:θris, ɔ:θəˈres/)  1  a writer, esp. of books (尤指书的)作者，著者 2  the originator of an event, a condition, etc. (事件、情况等的)发起人，创始者；始作俑者  the author of all my woes  我所有痛苦的始作俑者 ●v. tr.  1 disp.  be the author of (a book, article, etc.) [异议]写作，编写(文章、书籍等) 2  be the originator of (an idea, condition, circumstance, etc.); bring about 发起，创始；提出；使产生 □ authorial  /ɔ:ˈθɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French autour, Old French autor from Latin auctor, from augēre auct- ‘increase, originate, promote’]■Usage 用法说明 Author can be used of both male and female writers and many women writers prefer it to authoress. The use of the verb author as a mere synonym for write (as in he authored several books on the subject) is deplored by many people, although author is different from write in that it implies publication of the text produced. In addition, author is often used in contexts where the person or people responsible for the text (often a committee) did not actually write it themselves, and where the thing written is a report, article, or document, rather than a book, e.g. The chairperson of the commission that authored the report referred to it several times in her speech. In the terminology of computing, authoring is used to mean the creation of programs, databases, etc., as in the phrases authoring system, authoring package, or authoring tool. Unlike author, co-author is generally acceptable as a verb. author 一词既可以指男性也可以指女性，许多女性作家并不喜用 authoress 。将动词 author 作 write 的同义词用(例如 : He authored several books on the subject. 对这个课题他写过好几本书。)，尽管其意思稍有区别(寓意所写文章已经发表)，还是受到很多人的批评。另外， author 还经常用于指对某文章负责的人(通常为一若干人的委员会)，而并非真正执笔的人，并且所写的东西也通常并不是书，而是报告、论文或文件等。(例如 : The chairperson of the commission that authored the report referred to it several times in her speech. 出具报告之委员会的主席在谈话中几番提到该报告。)在计算机词汇中， authoring 一词指创建程序、数据库等，例如 : authoring system 创建系统； authoring package 创建文件包； authoring tool 创建工具软件。与 author 不同， co-author 作动词则是被普遍接受的。 

authoring /ˈɔ:θəriŋ/ n. Computing  the creation of programs, databases, etc. for computer applications such as computer-assisted learning or multimedia products 【计算】(计算机辅助教学应用或多媒体制作的程序、数据库等的)创建

authoritarian /ɔ:θɒriˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  favouring, encouraging, or enforcing strict obedience to authority, as opposed to individual freedom 赞同(鼓励或实施)严格服从权力机关的；权力主义的 2  tyrannical or domineering 独裁的，专制的 ●n.  a person favouring absolute obedience to a constituted authority 赞同绝对服从权力机关的人；专制主义者 □ authoritarianism  n.  

authoritative /ɔ:ˈθɒritətiv, -teitiv/ adj.  1  being recognized as true or dependable 真实可信的；可靠的 2 (of a person, behaviour, etc.) commanding or self-confident (人或行为等)命令式的；独断专行的 3  official; supported by authority 官方的，当局的；具有权威性的  an authoritative document  官方的文件 □ authoritatively  adv.  □ authoritativeness  n.  

authority /ɔ:ˈθɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the power or right to enforce obedience (使人顺从的)权力；权威b (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  delegated power 授权 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a person or body having authority, esp. political or administrative 官方，当局 3  a  an influence exerted on opinion because of recognized knowledge or expertise 影响力；威信b  such an influence expressed in a book, quotation, etc. 权威性的典籍；权威性的引文c  a person whose opinion is accepted, esp. an expert in a subject 学术权威，专家  an authority on vintage cars  老式汽车的权威专家 4  the weight of evidence 证据，根据；说服力 [Middle English via Old French autorité from Latin auctoritas, from auctor: see AUTHOR]

authorize /ˈɔ:θəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  sanction 批准，核准 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  a  give authority 授权b  commission (a person or body) 委任，委派(某人或组织)  authorized to trade  委派经商 □ authorization  /ɔ:θəraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French autoriser and medieval Latin auctorizare from auctor: see AUTHOR]

Authorized Version n. esp. Brit.  an English translation of the Bible made in 1611 and still widely used Also called 亦称作 King James Bible [尤英] (《圣经》的)钦定英译本(译于 1611 年，现仍广泛使用)

authorship /ˈɔ:θəʃip/ n.  1  the origin of a book or other written work (书或其他作品的)来源，出处(指作者)  of unknown authorship  作者不详 2  the occupation of writing 作者身份；作家职业

autism /ˈɔ:tiz(ə)m/ n.  a mental condition, usu. present from childhood, characterized by complete self-absorption and a reduced ability to respond to or communicate with the outside world (通常自儿童时起即有的)孤独症(自我沉思默想，缺乏对外界的反应或沟通能力) □ autistic  /ɔ:ˈtistik/ adj.   [modern Latin autismus (as AUTO-, -ISM)]

auto /ˈɔ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (usu. 通常作 attrib.) N. Amer. colloq.  a motor car [北美口]汽车 [abbreviation of AUTOMOBILE]

auto- /ˈɔ:təʊ/ comb. form (usu. aut- before a vowel 通常在元音前作 aut-) [构词成分]  1  self (autism 自我中心主义) 自我 2  one's own (autobiography 自传) 自己；自己的 3  by oneself or spontaneous (auto-suggestion 自我暗示) 自发的，自主的 4  by itself or automatic (automobile 汽车) 自动；自动的 [from or on the pattern of Greek auto-, from autos ‘self’]

autobahn /ˈɔ:təbɑ:n/ n.  a German, Austrian, or Swiss motorway (德国、奥地利或瑞士的)高速公路 [German from Auto ‘motor car’ + Bahn ‘path, road’]

autobiography /ɔ:təbaiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a personal account of one's own life, esp. for publication 自传 2  this as a process or literary form 自传体文学 □ autobiographer  n.  □ autobiographic  /ˌɔ:təʊbaiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ autobiographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

autocar /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)kɑ:/ n. archaic  a motor vehicle [古义]汽车，机动车辆

autocephalous /ɔ:təʊˈsef(ə)ləs/ adj.  1 (esp. of an Eastern Church) appointing its own head (尤指东正教会)自己任命主教的 2 (of a bishop, Church, etc.) independent (指主教、教会等)独立的，自主的 [Greek autokephalos (as AUTO-, kephalē ‘head’)]

autochthon /ɔ:ˈtɒkθ(ə)n, -θəʊn/ n. (pl. autochthons or autochthones /-θəni:z/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the original or earliest known inhabitants of a country; aboriginals 本地人；土著 [Greek, = sprung from the earth (as AUTO-, khthōn, -onos ‘earth’)]

autochthonous /ɔ:ˈtɒkθənəs/ adj.  1  indigenous, native 土生的，土著的 2  of independent or local formation 独立的；当地的；地方性的 3 Geol. (of a deposit) formed in its present position 【地质】(指沉积层)原地生成的

autoclave /ˈɔ:təkleiv/ n.  1  a strong vessel used for chemical reactions at high pressures and temperatures (用于在高压高温下进行化学反应的)压热器 2  a sterilizer using high-pressure steam 高压蒸气灭菌器 [AUTO- + Latin clavus ‘nail’ or clavis ‘key’: so called because self-fastening]

autocracy /ɔ:ˈtɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  absolute government by one person 独裁统治，独裁政体 2  the power exercised by such a person 独裁，专制 3  an autocratic country or society 独裁统治的国家(或社会) [Greek autokrateia (as AUTOCRAT)]

autocrat /ˈɔ:təkræt/ n.  1  an absolute ruler 独裁统治者；专制君主 2  a dictatorial person 独断专横的人 □ autocratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ autocratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French autocrate from Greek autokratēs (as AUTO-, kratos ‘power’)]

autocross /ˈɔ:təʊkrɒs/ n.  motor racing across country or on unmade roads 汽车越野比赛 [AUTOMOBILE + CROSS- 1]

autocue /ˈɔ:təʊkju:/ n. esp. Brit. propr.  a device, unseen by the audience, displaying a television script to a speaker or performer as an aid to memory (cf. 参见 TELEPROMPTER) [尤英] [商标] (为播音员或表演者提示台词的)自动提示机，电子提词机

auto-da-fé /ˌɔ:təʊdɑ:ˈfei/ n. (pl. autos-da-fé) /ˌɔ:təʊz-/  1  a sentence of punishment by the Spanish Inquisition (中世纪西班牙宗教裁判所的)惩罚判决 2  the execution of such a sentence, esp. the burning of a heretic 惩罚判决的执行(尤指对异教徒处以火刑) [Portuguese, = act of the faith]

autodidact /ˈɔ:təʊdidækt/ n.  a self-taught person 自学者；自学成功的人 □ autodidactic  /-ˈdæktik/ adj.   [AUTO- + didact as DIDACTIC]

auto-erotism /ɔ:təʊˈerətiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 auto-eroticism /-iˈrɒtisiz(ə)m/) Psychol.  sexual excitement generated by stimulating one's own body; masturbation 【心】自淫，手淫 □ auto-erotic  /-iˈrɒtik/ adj.  

autofocus /ˈɔ:təʊˌfəʊkəs/ n.  a device focusing a camera etc. automatically (照相机等的)自动聚焦装置

autogamy /ɔ:ˈtɒɡəmi/ n. Bot.  self-fertilization in plants 【植】自花授粉，自体受精 □ autogamous  adj.   [AUTO- + Greek -gamia from gamos ‘marriage’]

autogenous /ɔ:ˈtɒdʒinəs/ adj.  self-produced 自生的

autogenous welding n.  a process of joining metal by melting the edges together, without adding material (靠金属母材熔化而不另加焊材的)自熔焊接

autogiro /ɔ:təʊˈdʒairəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 autogyro) (pl. -os)  a form of aircraft like a small helicopter but with freely rotating horizontal vanes and a propeller 旋翼飞机 [Spanish (as AUTO-, giro ‘gyration’)]

autograft /ˈɔ:təɡrɑ:ft/ n. Surgery  a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body 【外科】自体移植(皮肤、组织等)

autograph /ˈɔ:təɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a signature, esp. that of a celebrity 签名；(尤指名人的)亲笔签名b  handwriting 字体，笔迹；手迹 2  a manuscript in an author's own handwriting 手稿 3  a document signed by its author (由作者签名的)稿件 ●v. tr.  1  sign (a photograph, autograph album, etc.) (在照片、影集等上)签名，署名 2  write (a letter etc.) by hand 亲笔书写(信等) [French autographe or Late Latin autographum from Greek autographon, neut. of autographos (as AUTO-, -GRAPH)]

autography /ɔ:ˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  writing done with one's own hand 亲笔，笔迹 2  the facsimile reproduction of writing or illustration (书写或插图的)真迹复制 □ autographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  

autogyro var.  of AUTOGIRO  AUTOGIRO 的变体

autoharp /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)hɑ:p/ n.  a kind of zither with a mechanical device to allow the playing of chords (一种利用机械装置弹奏和弦的)自动竖琴

autoimmune /ˌɔ:təʊiˈmju:n/ adj. Med. (of a disease) caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body 【医】(疾病)自身免疫的 □ autoimmunity  n.  

autointoxication /ˌɔ:təʊintɒksiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  poisoning by a toxin formed within the body itself 【医】自体中毒

autolysis /ɔ:ˈtɒlisis/ n.  the destruction of cells by their own enzymes (细胞靠自身酶进行的)自身分解，自溶 □ autolytic  /ɔ:təˈlitik/ adj.   [German Autolyse (as AUTO-, -LYSIS)]

automat /ˈɔ:təmæt/ n. US [美]  1  a slot machine that dispenses goods 自动售货机 2 hist.  a cafeteria containing slot machines dispensing food and drink [史义] (有自动售货机供应食品和饮料的)自助餐厅 [German from French automate, formed as AUTOMATION]

automate /ˈɔ:təmeit/ v. tr.  convert to or operate by automation (使)自动化；使自动操作  the ticket office has been automated  售票处已经自动化 [back-formation from AUTOMATION]

automatic /ɔ:təˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a machine, device, etc., or its function) working by itself, without direct human intervention (指机器、设备等)自动的，无人操作的 2  a  done spontaneously, without conscious thought or intention 自然的；自发的；不加思索的  an automatic reaction  自发反应b  necessary and inevitable 必然的；不可避免的  an automatic penalty  必然的处罚 3 Psychol.  performed unconsciously or subconsciously 【心】(做事)无意识的，潜意识的 4 (of a firearm) that continues firing until the ammunition is exhausted or the pressure on the trigger is released (火器)连发的；自动的 5 (of a motor vehicle or its transmission) using gears that change automatically according to speed and acceleration (汽车或其传动系统)自动换挡的；自动变速的 ●n.  1  an automatic device, esp. a gun or transmission (尤指枪支或传动设备)自动装置 2 colloq.  a vehicle with automatic transmission [口]有自动变速装置的汽车 □ automatically  adv.  □ automaticity  /ɔ:təməˈtisiti/ n.   [as AUTOMATON + -IC]

automatic pilot n.  a device for keeping an aircraft on a set course (使飞行器按一定路线飞行的)自动操舵装置，自动飞行驾驶仪

automation /ɔ:təˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the use of automatic equipment to save mental and manual labour 自动化，自动操作 2  the automatic control of the manufacture of a product through its successive stages (产品制造过程中一系列工序的)自动控制 [irregular formation from AUTOMATIC + -ATION]

automatism /ɔ:ˈtɒmətiz(ə)m/ n.  1 Psychol.  the performance of actions unconsciously or subconsciously; such action 【心】无意识或下意识行为；不自觉动作 2  involuntary action 非本意的动作 3  unthinking routine 机械式的日常行为 [French automatisme from automate AUTOMATON]

automatize /ɔ:ˈtɒmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a process etc.) automatic 使(过程等)自动化 2  subject (a business, enterprise, etc.) to automation 使(公司、企业等)实现自动化 □ automatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [AUTOMATIC + -IZE]

automaton /ɔ:ˈtɒmət(ə)n/ n. (pl. automata /-tə/ or automatons)  1  a mechanism with concealed motive power 自动机器，自动控制装置；机器人 2  a person who behaves mechanically, like an automaton 做事机械的人；行为像机器般的人 [Latin from Greek, neut. of automatos ‘acting of itself’: see AUTO-]

automobile /ˈɔ:təməbi:l/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a motor car [尤北美]汽车，机动车 [French (as AUTO-, MOBILE)]

automotive /ɔ:təˈməʊtiv/ adj.  concerned with motor vehicles 汽车的，机动车的

autonomic /ɔ:təˈnɒmik/ adj. esp. Physiol.  functioning involuntarily (尤)【生理】自主的；不受意志支配的 [AUTONOMY + -IC]

autonomic nervous system n.  the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, e.g. heartbeat 自主神经系统(指不受意识控制的部分指挥神经系统，如心跳等)

autonomous /ɔ:ˈtɒnəməs/ adj.  1  having self-government 自治的 2  acting independently or having the freedom to do so 独立自主的；有独立自由的 □ autonomously  adv.   [Greek autonomos (as AUTONOMY)]

autonomy /ɔ:ˈtɒnəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the right of self-government 自治，自治权 2  personal freedom 人身自由，个人自由 3  freedom of the will 意志自由 4  a self-governing community 自治团体；自治区 □ autonomist  n.   [Greek autonomia from autos ‘self’ + nomos ‘law’]

autopilot /ˈɔ:təʊˌpailət/ n.  an automatic pilot 自动飞行驾驶仪 [abbreviation]

autopista /ɔ:təˈpi:stə/ n.  a Spanish motorway (西班牙的)高速公路 [Spanish (as AUTOMOBILE, pista ‘track’)]

autopsy /ˈɔ:tɒpsi, ɔ:ˈtɒpsi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a post-mortem examination 尸体解剖，尸检 2  any critical analysis 分析，剖析 3  a personal inspection 亲自勘察，实地观察 ●v. tr.  perform an autopsy on (a body) 对(尸体)进行解剖，验尸 [French autopsie or modern Latin autopsia from Greek, from autoptēs ‘eye-witness’]

autoradiograph /ɔ:təʊˈreidiəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a photograph of an object produced by radiation from radioactive material in the object. 自动射线照相 □ autoradiographic  /ˌɔ:təreidiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ autoradiography  /ˌɔ:təreidiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

autorotation /ˌɔ:tə(ʊ)rə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Aeron.  rotation (esp. of rotor blades) not caused by engine power 【空】(尤指螺旋桨不通过引擎动力的)自转动，自旋转 2  rotation resulting from the shape or structure of an object (e.g. a winged seed) (因物体自身形状或结构引起的)自转(例如翼状植物籽) □ autorotate  v. intr.  

autoroute /ˈɔ:təru:t/ n.  a French motorway (法国的)高速公路 [French (as AUTOMOBILE, ROUTE)]

autostrada /ˈɔ:təstrɑ:də/ n.  an Italian motorway (意大利的)高速公路 [Italian (as AUTOMOBILE, strada ‘road’)]

auto-suggestion /ˌɔ:tə(ʊ)səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  a self-induced or subconscious suggestion affecting reaction, behaviour, etc. (自发或下意识的)自我暗示

autotelic /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtelik/ adj.  having or being a purpose in itself 本身具有目的的 [AUTO- + Greek telos ‘end’]

autotomy /ɔ:ˈtɒtəmi/ n. Zool.  the casting off of a part of the body, e.g. the tail of a lizard, when threatened 【动】自割，自截(例如蜥蜴遇到危险时割弃尾巴)

autotoxin /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtɒksin/ n.  a poisonous substance originating within an organism (生物自身体内产生的)自体毒素 □ autotoxic  adj.  

autotrophic /ɔ:tə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ adj. Biol.  able to form complex nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide (cf. 参见 HETEROTROPHIC) 【生】靠无机物质(如二氧化碳)生存的；自营养的 [AUTO- + Greek trophos ‘feeder’]

autotype /ˈɔ:tə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1  a facsimile 摹真本，真迹复制 2  a  a photographic printing process for monochrome reproduction (相片单色的)碳印法b  a print made by this process 用碳印法印制的相片

autoxidation /ˌɔ:tɒksiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  spontaneous oxidation at ambient temperatures in the presence of oxygen 【化】自发氧化

autumn /ˈɔ:təm/ n.  1  the third season of the year, when crops and fruits are gathered, and leaves fall, in the northern hemisphere from September to November and in the southern hemisphere from March to May 秋季，秋天(北半球指 9 月到 11 月，南半球指 3 月到 5 月) 2 Astron.  the period from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice 【天】从秋分到冬至期间 3  a time of maturity or incipient decay 成熟期；始衰期 [Middle English from Old French autompne or Latin autumnus]

autumnal /ɔ:ˈtʌmn(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, characteristic of, or appropriate to autumn 秋天的；适合于秋季的  autumnal colours  秋天的颜色 2  maturing or blooming in autumn 秋天成熟的；秋天开花的 3  past the prime of life 已过盛年的 [Latin autumnalis (as AUTUMN, -AL)]

autumn crocus n.  a plant of the genus Colchicum, esp. the meadow saffron 秋水仙(百合属植物)

autumn equinox n. (also 亦作 autumnal equinox)  1  the equinox in autumn, on about 22 Sept. in the northern hemisphere and 20 Mar. in the southern hemisphere 秋分(北半球约在 9 月 22 日，南半球约在 3 月 20 日) 2 Astron.  the equinox in September 【天】 9 月的秋分

auxiliary /ɔ:ɡˈziliəri, ɒɡ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person or thing) that gives help (人或物)帮助的，辅助的 2 (of services or equipment) subsidiary, additional (服务或设备)附属的，附加的；备用的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an auxiliary person or thing 帮助者；辅助物b N. Amer.  an auxiliary group, esp. one of volunteers involved in charitable activities [北美]援助小组；援助机构(尤指志愿参加慈善活动组织) 2 (in pl. 用复数) Mil.  auxiliary troops 【军】援军；雇佣军 3 Gram.  an auxiliary verb 【语法】助动词 [Latin auxiliarius from auxilium ‘help’]

auxiliary troops n. pl.  foreign or allied troops in a belligerent nation's service 外国援军，盟国援军

auxiliary verb n. Gram.  a verb used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs 【语法】助动词

auxin /ˈɔ:ksin/ n.  any of a group of plant hormones that regulate growth 植物生长素，植物激素 [German, from Greek auxō ‘increase’ + -IN]

AV abbr. [缩略]  1  audio-visual (teaching aids etc.) 视听的(教具等) 2  Authorized Version (of the Bible) 

Ava /ˈeivə/   埃娃 [人名]

avadavat /ˈævədəvæt/ n. (also 亦作 amadavat /ˈæmə-/)  either of two brightly coloured S. Asian waxbills, the green Amandava formosa or esp. the red A. amandava (南亚的)梅花雀 [named after Ahmadabad in India, where the birds were sold]

avail /əˈveil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  help, benefit 有助于；有利于，有益于 2 refl. (foll. by 后跟 of)  profit by; take advantage of 获益于；利用 3 intr.  a  provide help 提供帮助b  be of use, value, or profit 有用；有利 ●n. (usu. in neg. or interrog. phrases 通常用于否定或疑问短语)  use, profit 用处，好处；利益  to no avail  无益 without avail  没有好处 of what avail?  有何益处？ [Middle English from obsolete vail (v.) via Old French valoir ‘be worth’ from Latin valēre]

available /əˈveiləb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  1  capable of being used; at one's disposal 可用到的；可任意利用的 2  obtainable; within one's reach 可获得的；可得到的 3  a (of a person) free, not otherwise occupied (人)有时间的，有空的b  able to be contacted 可联系的；可探访的 4  sexually unattached 无性伙伴的 □ availability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ availableness  n.  □ availably  adv.   [Middle English from AVAIL + -ABLE]

avalanche /ˈævəlɑ:nʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mass of snow and ice, tumbling rapidly down a mountain 雪崩 2  a sudden appearance or arrival of anything in large quantities 大量，突然到来的一大批  faced with an avalanche of work  面临大量工作 ●v.  1 intr.  descend like an avalanche 像雪崩一般下降；崩塌 2 tr.  carry down like an avalanche 像雪崩一般带下 [French, alteration of dialect lavanche, influenced by avaler descend]

avant-garde /ævɒ˜:(ŋ)ˈɡɑ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  pioneers or innovators esp. in art and literature (尤指艺术或文学的)先驱，先锋 ●adj. (of art, ideas, etc.) new, progressive (艺术、思想等)创新的；(属于)先锋派的 □ avant-gardism  n.  □ avant-gardist  n.   [French, = vanguard]

avarice /ˈæv(ə)ris/ n.  extreme greed for money or gain; cupidity 贪财；贪婪，贪得无厌 □ avaricious  /ævəˈriʃəs/ adj.  □ avariciously  /-ˈriʃəsli/ adv.  □ avariciousness  /-ˈriʃəsnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin avaritia, from avarus ‘greedy’]

avast /əˈvɑ:st/ int. Naut.  stop, cease 【海】停住，停下 [Dutch houd vast ‘hold fast’]

avatar /ˈævətɑ:/ n.  1 Hinduism  the descent of a deity or released soul to earth in bodily form 【印度教】天神下凡 2  incarnation; manifestation 具人形；具体化 3  a manifestation or phase 神之化身，显身 [Sanskrit avatɑˉra ‘descent’, from ava ‘down’ + tar- ‘pass over’]

avaunt /əˈvɔ:nt/ int. archaic  begone [古义]滚，走开 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French avant, ultimately from Latin ab ‘from’ + ante ‘before’]

Ave. abbr. [缩略]  Avenue 

ave /ˈɑ:vi, ˈɑ:vei/ int. & n. ●int.  1  welcome 欢迎，迎接 2  farewell 告别 ●n.  1 (作 Ave; in full 全称 Ave Maria)  a prayer to the Virgin Mary, the opening line from Luke 1:28 ; also called 亦称作 HAIL MARY 求圣母玛利亚保佑(《路加福音》 1:28 的首行) 2  a shout of welcome or farewell 欢迎(或告别)时的呼语 [Middle English from Latin, 2nd sing. imperative of avēre ‘fare well’]

avenge /əˈven(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  1  inflict retribution on behalf of (a person, oneself, a violated right, etc.) 为(某人、自己或被触犯的权利)报仇，复仇  the murderer was punished and the victim avenged  杀人犯得到惩罚，为受害者报了仇 2  take vengeance for (an injury) (为了伤害等)报复，雪耻  the loss of the aircraft would be avenged  对飞机失踪要进行报复 □ be avenged   avenge oneself 报仇；报复□ avenger  n.   [Middle English from Old French avengier, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + vengier from Latin vindicare ‘vindicate’]■Usage 用法说明 Where necessary, though uncommon, the preposition on (or upon) is used with avenge, to introduce the person on whom vengeance is being taken, e.g. swore he would be avenged on their leader; had the power to avenge himself on them. Avenge usually implies that the retribution inflicted is justifiable, whereas revenge often implies that the main aim of retribution is to satisfy the injured party's resentment. See also Usage Note at REVENGE. 在使用 avenge 一词时，偶尔可能需要加介词 on ，以表示向谁实施报复；例如 swore he would be avenged on their leader (他发誓要对他们的头儿报复)； had the power to avenge himself on them (有力量对他们报复)。 avenge 一词通常指所施报复是正义的，而 revenge 则主要指为了发泄受伤害者的怨愤。另见 REVENGE 的用法注释。 

avens /ˈeiv(ə)nz/ n.  a plant of the genus Geum (rose family) See also 另见 MOUNTAIN AVENS 水杨梅属植物(玫瑰科) [Middle English from Old French avence (medieval Latin avencia), of unknown origin]

aventurine /əˈventʃərin/ n. Mineral. 【矿】  1  brownish glass or mineral containing sparkling gold-coloured particles usu. of copper or gold 砂金石 2  a variety of spangled quartz resembling this (像砂金石一样带有闪亮斑点的)星彩石英 [French, from Italian avventurino from avventura ‘chance’ (because of its accidental discovery)]

avenue /ˈæv(ə)nju:/ n.  1  a  a broad road or street, often with trees at regular intervals along its sides 林阴大道b  a tree-lined approach to a country house (接通乡村住宅、两旁栽有树的)小路，专用道路 2  a way of approaching or dealing with something 方法，途径  explored every avenue to find an answer  想尽各种办法寻求答案 3 (in many American cities having a grid layout) a road running perpendicular to another, esp. east-west (在美国许多棋盘式布局的城市中尤指与东西向街道垂直的)大街 [French, fem. past part. of avenir, from Latin advenire ‘come to’]

aver /əˈvɜ:/ v. tr. (averred, averring) formal  assert, affirm [正式]断言，坚称 [Middle English from Old French averer (as AD-, Latin verus ‘true’)]

average /ˈæv(ə)ridʒ/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  the usual amount, extent, or rate 通常数量，一般程度；一般速率b  the ordinary standard 通常标准 2  an amount obtained by dividing the total of given amounts by the number of amounts in the set 平均数；平均 3 Law  the distribution of loss resulting from damage to a ship or cargo 【法律】(海船或海运损失的)平均分担，公平分担 ●adj.  1  a  usual, ordinary 通常的，一般的；普通的b  mediocre 中等的；平庸的 2  estimated or calculated by average 按平均数估算的 ●v. tr.  1  amount on average to 平均数达…  the sale of the product averaged one hundred a day  平均每天售出产品 100 件 2  do on average 按平均数来做  averages six hours' work a day  平均每天工作 6 小时 3  a  estimate the average of 估算…的平均数b  estimate the general standard of 估计…的一般水平(标准) □ average out   result in an average 达到平均水平，取得平衡□ average out at   result in an average of 算出…平均水平；平均为□ on (or on an) average   as an average rate or estimate 按平均数；一般说来□ averagely  adv.   [French avarie ‘damage to ship or cargo’ (see sense 3), via Italian avaria from Arabic ˈawɑˉrīya ‘damaged goods’, from ˈawɑˉr ‘damage at sea, loss’: -age on the pattern of damage]

average adjustment n. Law  the apportionment of average (see 见 AVERAGE n. 3) 【法律】海损理算

averment /əˈvɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  a positive statement; an affirmation, esp. Law one with an offer of proof 断言，坚称；(尤)【法律】有实证的陈述 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French aver(r)ement (as AVER, -MENT)]

averse /əˈvɜ:s/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to; also foll. by 亦后跟 from)  opposed, disinclined 反对的；不愿意的  was not averse to helping me  并不反对帮助我 [Latin aversus (as AVERT)]■Usage 用法说明 Although condemned in the past as etymologically improper (the literal meaning being ‘turned from’), averse is now more often followed by to than from. This can be justified by analogy with semantically related words such as disinclined, hostile, opposed, etc., which are also used with to. 尽管过去认为 averse 后跟 to 从语源上说是错误的(字面上的意思是 turned from) ，但现在其后跟 to 的情况跟 from 更常见。这可以说是按语义近似的词类推的结果(例如 disinclined, hostile, opposed 等，后面也跟 to) 。 

aversion /əˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, from, for)  a dislike or unwillingness 不喜欢；不愿意  has an aversion to hard work  不愿从事艰苦的工作 2  an object of dislike 厌恶的对象  my pet aversion  我最不喜欢的东西 □ aversive  adj.   [French aversion or Latin aversio (as AVERT, -ION)]

aversion therapy n.  therapy designed to make a patient give up an undesirable habit by associating it with an unpleasant effect. 厌恶疗法(一种使患者对某一不良习惯产生厌恶情绪而导致戒除的治疗法)

avert /əˈvɜ:t/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  turn away (one's eyes or thoughts) 转移(目光、想法等) 2  prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence) 防止，避开，挡开(不希望发生的情况) □ avertible  adj. (also 亦作 avertable)   [Middle English from Latin avertere (as AB-, vertere vers- ‘turn’): partly via Old French avertir and Romanic]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse sense 2 of avert with avoid, e.g. Disaster was narrowly averted and He narrowly avoided being arrested. Avert incorporates the idea of taking action to ward off an undesirable event in advance, while avoid means ‘to escape’ or ‘evade’. 注意不要将 avert 释义 2 与 avoid 相混淆，例如 Disaster was narrowly averted 和 He narrowly avoided being arrested 。 avert 意思是提前采取行动避免不希望的结局，而 avoid 意为“逃脱”或“逃避”。 

Avesta /əˈvestə/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the sacred writings of Zoroastrianism (see 见 ZEND) 《阿维斯陀》(古波斯琐罗亚斯德教的经典) [Persian]

Avestan /əˈvest(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Avesta (属于)《阿维斯陀》的 ●n.  the ancient Iranian language of the Avesta 阿维斯陀语，古波斯语(伊朗的古代语言)

avian /ˈeiviən/ adj.  of or relating to birds 鸟的，鸟类的 [Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviary /ˈeiviəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a large enclosure or building for keeping birds 大鸟舍；鸟类饲养场 [Latin aviarium (as AVIAN, -ARY1)]

aviate /ˈeivieit/ v.  1 intr.  pilot or fly in an aeroplane 驾驶(飞机)；乘坐(飞机) 2 tr.  pilot (an aeroplane) 驾驶(飞机) [back-formation from AVIATION]

aviation /eiviˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the skill or practice of operating aircraft 航空；航空学；航空术 2  aircraft manufacture 飞机制造业 [French, from Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviator /ˈeivieitə/ n. (fem. aviatrix /ˈeiviətriks/)  an airman or airwoman 飞行员，飞机驾驶员 [French aviateur from Latin avis ‘bird’]

aviculture /ˈeivikʌltʃə/ n.  the rearing and keeping of birds 养鸟，鸟类饲养 □ aviculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin avis ‘bird’, on the pattern of AGRICULTURE]

avid /ˈævid/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, for)  eager, greedy 渴望的，急切的；贪婪的 □ avidly  adv.   [French avide or Latin avidus, from avēre ‘crave’]

avidity /əˈviditi/ n.  1  eagerness, greed 渴望；贪婪 2 Biochem.  the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen 【生化】(抗体与抗原的)亲合力

avifauna /ˈeivifɔ:nə/ n.  birds of a region or country collectively (某一地区或国家的)鸟类(总称) □ avifaunal  adj.   [Latin avis ‘bird’ + FAUNA]

avionics /eiviˈɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  electronics as applied to aviation 航空电子学

avitaminosis /eiˌvitəmiˈnəʊsis, -ˌvait-/ n. (pl. avitaminoses /-ˈnəʊsi:z/) Med.  a condition resulting from vitamin deficiency 【医】维生素缺乏症

avizandum /æviˈzændəm/ n. Sc. Law  a period of time for further consideration of a judgement [苏格兰]【法律】(需进一步考虑才能作出判决的)推迟判决期 [medieval Latin, gerund of avizare ‘consider’ (as ADVISE)]

avocado /ævəˈkɑ:dəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (in full 全称 avocado pear)  a pear-shaped fruit with a rough leathery skin, smooth oily edible flesh, and a large stone ; also called 亦称作 alligator pear 鳄梨 2  the tropical evergreen tree, Persea americana, native to Central America, bearing this fruit 鳄梨树(常绿热带乔木) 3  the light green colour of the flesh of this fruit 鳄梨色；浅绿色 ●adj.  of the colour avocado; light green 鳄梨色的；浅绿色的 [Spanish, = advocate (substituted for Nahuatl ahuacatl)]

avocation /ævəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a minor occupation 副业；业余嗜好 2 colloq.  a vocation or calling [口]职业，天职 [Latin avocatio from avocare ‘call away’]

avocet /ˈævəset/ n.  a wading bird of the genus Recurvirostra with long legs and a long slender upward-curved bill and usu. black and white plumage 反嘴鹬(一种涉水禽，脚长，嘴细而向上弯曲，通常生黑白羽毛) [French avocette from Italian avosetta]

Avogadro's constant /ævəˈɡɑ:drəʊz/ n. (also 亦作 Avogadro's number) Chem.  the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance (symbol 符 L) 【化】阿伏伽德罗数 (1 克分子物质的原子数或分子数) [named after A. Avogadro, Italian physicist d. 1856]

Avogadro's law /ævəˈɡɑ:drəʊz/ n. (also 亦作 Avogadro's hypothesis) Physics  a law stating that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules 【物理学】阿伏伽德罗定律(在相同的温度、压力条件下，等体积的各种气体含有相等数目的分子)

avoid /əˈvɔid/ v. tr.  1  keep away from (a thing, person, or action); refrain from 避免，避开；逃避(事物、人或行动)；防止 2  escape; evade 逃脱；回避 3 Law 【法律】  a  nullify (a decree or contract) (使)无效；废止(法令或合同)b  quash (a sentence) 撤消(判决) □ avoidable  adj.  □ avoidably  adv.  □ avoidance  n.  □ avoider  n.   [Anglo-French avoider, Old French evuider ‘clear out, get rid of’, from vuide ‘empty’, VOID]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AVERT. 见 AVERT 的用法注释。 

avoirdupois /ævədəˈpɔiz, ˌævwɑ:djʊˈpwɑ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 avoirdupois weight)  a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains 常衡(一种衡量制，以 16 盎司或 7000 格令为一磅) 2  weight, heaviness 重量；体重 [Middle English from Old French aveir de peis ‘goods of weight’ from aveir (modern avoir) ‘to have’, used as a noun, from Latin habēre ‘have’, + peis (see POISE1)]

avouch /əˈvaʊtʃ/ v. tr. & intr. archaic or literary  guarantee, affirm, confess [古义] [文学用语]保证；断言；承认 □ avouchment  n.   [Middle English via Old French avochier from Latin advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

avow /əˈvaʊ/ v. tr.  1  admit, confess 承认；供认 2  a refl.  admit that one is 承认自己是…  avowed himself the author  承认自己是作者b (as 用作 avowed adj.)  admitted 被承认的，公认的  the avowed author  公认的作者 □ avowal  n.  □ avowedly  /əˈvaʊidli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French avouer ‘acknowledge’ from Latin advocare (as AD-, vocare ‘call’)]

avulsion /əˈvʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a tearing away 撕脱，扯开；撕脱部分，扯开部分 2 Law  a sudden removal of land by a flood etc. to another person's estate 【法律】(因洪水等引起的)土地突然崩离 [French avulsion or Latin avulsio, from avellere avuls- ‘pluck away’]

avuncular /əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/ adj.  like or of an uncle; kind and friendly, esp. towards a younger person (像)叔伯(或舅父)的；(尤指对幼辈)慈爱的；友善的 [Latin avunculus ‘maternal uncle’, diminutive of avus ‘grandfather’]

aw /ɔ:/ int. esp. N. Amer. & Sc.  expressing mild protest, entreaty, commiseration, or disapproval [尤北美和苏格兰] (表示轻微的反对、请求、同情等)噢，哎，呀 [a natural exclamation]

AWACS /ˈeiwæks/ n.  a long-range airborne radar system for detecting enemy aircraft (侦察敌机的)远距离机载雷达系统 [abbreviation of airborne warning and control system]

await /əˈweit/ v. tr.  1  wait for 等待，等候 2 (of an event or thing) be in store for (事情、事件等)即将发生  a surprise awaits you  有惊喜等着你 [Middle English from Anglo-French awaitier, Old French aguaitier (as AD-, waitier WAIT)]

awake /əˈweik/ v. & adj. ●v. (past awoke /əˈwəʊk/; past part. awoken /əˈwəʊk(ə)n/)  1 intr.  a  cease to sleep 醒，醒来b  become active 激起；唤起 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  become aware of 意识到，觉悟 3 tr.  rouse, esp. from sleep (尤指从睡眠中)唤呼 ●predic. adj.  1  a  not asleep 醒着的，清醒的b  vigilant 警惕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  aware of 意识到的；认识到的 □ be awake up  Austral. colloq. [澳口]  = be a wake-up (see 见 WAKE1)  [Old English ɑˉwœcnan, ɑˉwacian (as A-2, WAKE1)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AWAKEN. 见 AWAKEN 的用法注释。 

awaken /əˈweik(ə)n/ v.  1 v. tr. & intr.  = AWAKEv.  2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make aware 使意识到；使认识到 [Old English onwœcnan etc. (as A-2, WAKEN)]■Usage 用法说明 Awake and awaken are largely interchangeable, but awaken is much rarer than awake as an intransitive verb, and has an extra transitive usage (sense 2 above), as in The strike had awakened them to the possibilities of resistance. awake 和 awaken 在多数情况下可以通用，但是 awaken 较 awake 更少用作不及物动词，并有一种特别的及物用法(即上述释义 2) ，例如 The strike had awakened them to the possibilities of resistance 罢工使他们意识到抵制的可能性。 

award /əˈwɔ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  give or order to be given as a payment, compensation, or prize 授予；(作为付款、补偿、奖励等)给与  awarded him a knighthood  授予他爵士地位 was awarded damages  得到损害补偿 2  grant, assign 赠予；分配 ●n.  1  a payment, compensation, or prize awarded 奖，奖品；奖状 2  a judicial decision (法律的)判决；裁定书 □ awarder  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French awarder, ultimately from Germanic: see WARD]

aware /əˈwɛə/ predic. adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  conscious; not ignorant; having knowledge 意识到的；明白的；有知识的 2  well informed 消息灵通的；有觉悟的 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : politically aware  有政治觉悟的 □ awareness  n.   [Old English gewœr, from West Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In popular use, aware is sometimes used in sense 2 to mean ‘well informed’, without any qualifying word, as in she's a very aware person. This should be avoided in formal contexts. 在通俗使用中， aware 用作上述释义 2 “消息灵通的”有时不加任何限定词，例如 : she's a very aware person 这在正式书面语中应当避免。 

awash /əˈwɒʃ/ predic. adj.  1  level with the surface of water which just washes over; covered in water; flooded 与水面平齐的；被水冲刷的；被水覆盖的；洪水泛滥的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  rich, overflowing, abounding 丰富的；溢流的；充沛的

away /əˈwei/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  to or at a distance from the place, person, or thing in question 向远处；在一定距离之外；离，离开  go away  离开 give away  分发 look away  看远处 they are away  他们不在 5 miles away  5 英里以外 2  towards or into non-existence 趋于消失；不存在；…掉  sounds die away  声音逐渐消失 explain it away  为该事辩解 idled their time away  消磨掉他们的时间 3  constantly, persistently, continuously 继续，不断地，坚持不断地  work away  坚持工作 laugh away  不停地笑 4  without hesitation 不犹豫地；即刻  ask away  当即发问 ●adj. Sport  played on an opponent's ground etc. 【运动】在客场进行的  away match  客场比赛 away win  客场获胜 ●n. Sport  an away match or win 【运动】客场比赛；客场获胜 □ away with  (as 作 imper.)  take away; let us be rid of 拿走，带走；走开，滚蛋 [Old English onweg, aweg ‘on one's way’ from A2 + WAY]

awe /ɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  reverential fear or wonder 敬畏；惊奇，惊叹  stand in awe of  敬畏… ●v. tr.  inspire with awe 使敬畏；使惊奇，使惊叹 [Old English ege and Old Norse agi, from Germanic]

aweary /əˈwiəri/ predic. adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) poet.  weary [诗]厌倦的 [a (imitating A-3) + WEARY]

aweigh /əˈwei/ predic. adj. Naut. (of an anchor) clear of the sea or river bed; hanging 【海】(起锚时锚)离开水底的；吊起的 [A2 + WEIGH1]

awe-inspiring adj.  causing awe or wonder; amazing, magnificent 使人产生敬畏的；令人惊叹的；惊人的；极好的

awesome /ˈɔ:s(ə)m/ adj.  1  inspiring awe; dreaded 引起敬畏的；可怕的 2 slang  marvellous, excellent [俚语]奇妙的，极好的 □ awesomely  adv.  □ awesomeness  n.   [AWE + -SOME1]

awestricken /ˈɔ:strik(ə)n/ adj. (also 亦作 awestruck /-strʌk/)  struck or affected by awe 畏惧的；肃然起敬的

awful /ˈɔ:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 colloq. [口]  a  unpleasant or horrible 讨厌的；可怕的  awful weather  讨厌的天气b  poor in quality; very bad 糟糕的，极差的  has awful writing  字写得很糟糕c (作 attrib.)  excessive; remarkably large 非常的；极度的；极大的  an awful lot of money  非常多的钱 2 poet.  inspiring awe [诗]引起敬畏的 □ awfulness  n.   [AWE + -FUL]

awfully /ˈɔ:fʊli, -fli/ adv.  1 colloq.  in an unpleasant, bad, or horrible way [口]令人不快地；糟糕地；可怕地  he played awfully  他演奏得很糟 2 colloq.  very [口]很，非常  she's awfully pleased  她非常高兴 thanks awfully  非常感谢 3 poet.  reverently [诗]敬畏地；恭敬地

awhile /əˈwail/ adv.  for a short time 片刻，一会儿 [Old English ɑˉne hwīle ‘a while’]

awkward /ˈɔ:kwəd/ adj.  1  ill-adapted for use; causing difficulty in use 使用不便的；很难使用的 2  clumsy or bungling 笨拙的；拙劣的 3  a esp. Brit.  embarrassed; ill at ease [尤英]尴尬的；不自在的  felt awkward about it  对此感到不自在b  embarrassing 令人尴尬的  an awkward situation  令人尴尬的境地 4 esp. Brit.  difficult to deal with [尤英]难对付的，棘手的  an awkward customer  难对付的顾客 □ the awkward age   adolescence 青春期□ awkwardly  adv.  □ awkwardness  n.   [obsolete awk backhanded, untoward (Middle English, from Old Norse afugr ‘turned the wrong way’) + -WARD]

awl /ɔ:l/ n.  a small pointed tool used for piercing holes, esp. in leather (尤指给皮革打眼的)锥子，尖锥 [Old English œl]

awn /ɔ:n/ n.  a stiff bristle, esp. one growing from the sheath around the seed of cereals and other grasses (尤指谷物和其他草类种子外皮上长的)芒 □ awned  adj.   [Old English from Old Norse ögn]

awning /ˈɔ:niŋ/ n.  a sheet of canvas or similar material stretched on a frame and used to shade a shop window, doorway, ship's deck, or other area from the sun or rain (帆布等做的)遮阳篷，雨篷 [17th c. (nautical): origin uncertain]

awoke past  of AWAKE  

awoken past part.  of AWAKE  

AWOL /ˈeiwɒl/ abbr. colloq.  absent without leave [缩略] [口]未请假缺席，擅离职守

awry /əˈrai/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  crookedly or askew 弯曲地；歪斜地 2  improperly or amiss 不恰当地；出差错，有毛病 ●predic. adj.  crooked; deviant or unsound 弯曲的；扭曲的；偏离正道的；不正常的  his theory is awry  他的理论是错误的 □ go awry   go or do wrong 偏离；做错 [Middle English from A2 + WRY]

aw-shucks /ɔ:ˈʃʌks/ adj. N. Amer. colloq.  characterized by a self-deprecating, self-conscious, or shy manner [北美口]谦卑的；自知之明的；羞怯的 [AW + shucks: see SHUCK]

axe /æks/ n. & v. (US usu. [美]通常作 ax) ●n.  1  a chopping tool, usu. of iron with a steel edge and wooden handle 斧，斧子 2 (作 the axe)  a  the drastic cutting or elimination of expenditure, staff, etc. (开支、人员等的)大幅度削减；裁减；撤销b  the abandoning of a project. (计划的)取消 3 slang  a musical instrument used in jazz or pop music, esp. (originally) a saxophone, or (now) a guitar [俚语] (爵士乐或流行音乐中的)乐器(早先尤指萨克斯管，现在尤指吉他) ●v. tr. (axing)  1  cut (esp. costs, services, or staff) drastically 大幅度削减(开支、服务、雇员等) 2  abandon (a project) 放弃(计划等) □ an axe to grind   private ends to serve 有私心，另有企图 [Old English œx, from Germanic]

axe-breaker n.  an Australian tree, Notelæa longifolia, with very hard timber 断斧树(一种澳大利亚硬木树种)

axel /ˈæks(ə)l/ n.  a jump in skating from the forward outside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with one and a half turns in the air (花样滑冰中从正滑单刀外刃转为倒滑另一单刀外刃的)前外一周半跳 [named after Axel R. Paulsen, Norwegian skater d. 1938]

axeman /ˈæksmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who works with or wields an axe 用斧者；斧工；伐木工 2 slang  a jazz or rock guitarist [俚语] (爵士乐或摇滚乐中的)吉他手

axes pl.  of AXIS1  

axial /ˈæksiəl/ adj.  1  forming or belonging to an axis 轴的；轴线的；轴心的 2  round an axis 围绕轴心的  axial rotation  围绕轴心的转动 axial symmetry  轴对称 □ axially  adv.  

axil /ˈæksil/ n. Bot.  the upper angle between a leaf and the stem it springs from, or between a branch and the trunk 【植】叶腋；枝腋 [Latin axilla: see AXILLA]

axilla /ækˈsilə/ n. (pl. axillae /-li:/)  1 Anat.  the armpit 【解】腋窝 2 Bot.  an axil 【植】叶腋；枝腋 [Latin, = armpit, diminutive of ala ‘wing’]

axillary /ækˈsiləri/ adj.  1 Anat.  of or relating to the armpit 【解】腋窝的 2 Bot.  in or growing from the axil 【植】腋生的

axiom /ˈæksiəm/ n.  1  an established or widely accepted principle 公认的原理；普遍接受的原则 2 esp. Geom.  a self-evident truth (尤)【几】公理；自明之理 [French axiome or Latin axioma from Greek axiōma axiōmat-, from axios ‘worthy’]

axiomatic /æksiəˈmætik/ adj.  1  self-evident 自明的 2  relating to or containing axioms 公理的，包含公理的 □ axiomatically  adv.   [Greek axiōmatikos (as AXIOM)]

axis1 /ˈæksis/ n. (pl. axes /-si:z/)  1  a  an imaginary line about which a body rotates or about which a plane figure is conceived as generating a solid 轴，轴线b  a line which divides a regular figure symmetrically (将物体对称分开的)中心线 2 Math.  a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates etc. 【数】坐标轴 3 Bot.  the central column of an inflorescence or other growth 【植】茎轴，主茎(花序等的中轴线) 4 Anat.  the second cervical vertebra 【解】第二颈椎 5 Physiol.  the central part of an organ or organism 【生理】(器官或有机体的)枢椎 6  an agreement or alliance between two or more countries forming a centre for an eventual larger grouping of nations sharing an ideal or objective 轴心(两国或多国之间的协议或联盟、作为最终形成的一个更大国家集团的核心) 7 (作 the Axis)  a  the alliance of Germany and Italy formed before and during the Second World War, later extended to include Japan and other countries (第二次世界大战德国和意大利组成，后日本等国也加入的)轴心国b  these countries as a group 组成轴心的国家 [Latin, = axle, pivot]

axis2 /ˈæksis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a white-spotted deer, Cervus axis, of S. Asia. Also called 亦称作 chital (产于南亚的)白斑鹿 [Latin]

axle /ˈæks(ə)l/ n.  a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) on which a wheel or group of wheels is fixed 轮轴，车轴 [originally axle-tree (Middle English axel-tre) from Old Norse öxull-tré]

Axminster /ˈæksminstə/ n. (in full 全称 Axminster carpet)  a kind of machine-woven patterned carpet with a cut pile 阿克斯明斯特绒头地毯 [the town of Axminster in S. England, where such carpets are made]

axolotl /ˈæksəlɒt(ə)l/ n.  an aquatic newtlike salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum, from Mexico, which in natural conditions retains its larval form for life but is able to breed 美西螈(墨西哥钝口螈属) [Nahuatl, from atl ‘water’ + xolotl ‘servant’]

axon /ˈæksɒn/ n. Anat. & Zool.  a long threadlike part of a nerve cell, conducting impulses from the cell body 【解】【动】(神经的)轴突 [modern Latin, from Greek axōn ‘axis’]

axonometric /æks(ə)nə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj. Art etc. (of a pictorial representation) using an orthographic projection of the object on a plane inclined to each of the three principal axes of the object 【艺术】(指绘画表现)使用轴线测定投影的，轴测法的

ay var.  of AYE1  AYE1 的变体

ayah /ˈaiə/ n.  a nurse or maidservant, esp. of Europeans in India and in other former British territories abroad (尤指在印度和其他前英国殖民地的欧洲人的)女仆，女佣，保姆 [Anglo-Indian, from Portuguese aia ‘nurse’]

ayatollah /aiəˈtɒlə/ n.  a Shi'ite religious leader in Iran 阿亚图拉(伊朗什叶派宗教领袖) [Persian from Arabic, = token of God]

aye1 /ai/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 ay) ●adv.  1 archaic or dial.  yes [古义] [方]是，是的 2 (in voting) I assent (选举中)赞成 3 (as 作 aye aye) Naut.  a response accepting an order 【海】是，明白(表示接受命令) ●n.  an affirmative answer or assent, esp. in voting 肯定的回答；(尤指选举中的)赞成票 □ the ayes have it   the affirmative votes are in the majority 赞成票占多数 [16th c.: probably from first person personal pronoun expressing assent]

aye2 /ei, ai/ adv. archaic  ever, always [古义]经久地，永远地 □ for aye   for ever 永远 [Middle English from Old Norse ei, ey, from Germanic, related to Latin aevum ‘age’, Greek aiōn AEON]

aye-aye /ˈaiai/ n.  an arboreal nocturnal lemur, Daubentonia madagascariensis, native to Madagascar 指猴(一种树栖夜行狐猴，原产马达加斯加) [French, from Malagasy aiay]

Aylesbury /ˈeilzb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. Aylesburys)  1  a bird of a breed of large white domestic ducks 埃尔兹伯里鸭(一种白色、体型大的家鸭) 2  this breed 此种群 [the town of Aylesbury in S. England, where the ducks were bred]

Aymara /ˈaimərɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Aymaras)  1  a member of a S. American Indian people of Bolivia and Peru 艾马拉族人(生活在玻利维亚和秘鲁的南美印第安人) 2  the language of this people 艾马拉语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 艾马拉族的；艾马拉语的 [Bolivian Spanish]

Ayrshire /ˈɛəʃə/ n.  1  an animal of a mainly white breed of dairy cattle 艾尔夏牛(一种主要为白色的乳牛) 2  this breed 此种群 [name of a former Scottish county, where the cattle were bred]

ayurveda /ɑ:jəˈveidə, -ˈvi:də/ n.  a traditional Hindu system of medicine based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and emphasizing diet, herbal treatment, yogic breathing, etc. 阿耶维达疗法(一种传统的印度医术，讲究体内平衡，强调节食、草药治疗、瑜珈气功等) □ ayurvedic  adj.   [Sanskrit ɑˉyur-veda ‘science of life’ (see VEDA)]

AZ abbr. US  Arizona (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]亚利桑那州(正式邮政用语)

azalea /əˈzeiliə/ n.  any of various flowering deciduous shrubs of the genus Rhododendron, with large pink, purple, white, or yellow flowers 杜鹃花属(落叶灌木) [modern Latin from Greek, fem. of azaleos ‘dry’ (from the dry soil in which it was believed to flourish)]

azeotrope /ˈeiziətrəʊp, əˈzi:ə-/ n. Chem.  a mixture of liquids in which the boiling point remains constant during distillation, at a given pressure, without change in composition 【化】共沸混合物，恒沸物(一种液体混合物，其沸点在蒸馏期间保持恒温，构成成分中不会发生任何变化) □ azeotropic  /ˌeiʒiəˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik, əˌzi:ə-/ adj.   [A-1 + Greek zeō ‘boil’ + tropos ‘turning’]

Azerbaijan   阿塞拜疆

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaiˈdʒɑ:ni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Azerbaijanis)  1  a native or inhabitant of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus 阿塞拜疆人 2  the Turkic language of Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Azerbaijanis or their language 阿塞拜疆人的；阿塞拜疆语的 [Azerbaijan + -I2]

Azeri /əˈzɛəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Azeris)  1  a member of a Turkic people living mainly in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and northern Iran 阿塞里人(居住在阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚和伊朗北部的突厥人) 2  their language 阿塞里语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 阿塞里人的；阿塞里语的 [Turkish azeri from Persian, = fire]

azide /ˈeizaid/ n. Chem.  any compound containing the radical N3- 【化】叠氮化物 [French azote ‘nitrogen’ + -IDE]

Azilian /əˈziliən/ n. & adj. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●n.  an early mesolithic culture in western Europe, dated about 10,000 to 8000 BC. (西欧)中石器时代文化(约公元前 10,000 到 8,000 年) ●adj.  of or relating to this culture 中石器时代文化的 [named after Mas d'Azil in the French Pyrenees, where remains of it were found]

azimuth /ˈæziməθ/ n.  1  the angular distance from a north or south point of the horizon to the intersection with the horizon of a vertical circle passing through a given celestial object. 地平经度；方位角 2  the horizontal angle or direction of a compass bearing (指南针的)水平角度；方位 □ azimuthal  /-ˈmju:θ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French azimut from Arabic as-sumūt, from al ‘the’ + sumūt, pl. of samt ‘way, direction’]

azimuthal projection n.  a map projection in which a region of the earth is projected on to a plane tangential to the surface, usually at the pole or equator (地图的)方位投影

azine /ˈeizi:n/ n. Chem.  any organic compound with two or more nitrogen atoms in a six-atom ring 【化】二氯陆圜，吖嗪 [AZO- + -INE4]

azo- /ˈeizəʊ/ prefix Chem.  containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms between carbon atoms 【化】(含)偶氮的 [French azote ‘nitrogen’ from Greek azōos ‘without life’]

azo dye n.  any of a number of dyes whose molecules contain two adjacent nitrogen atoms between two carbon atoms 偶氮染料

azoic /eiˈzəʊik/ adj.  1  having no trace of life 无生命迹象的 2 Geol. (of an age etc.) having left no organic remains 【地质】(指时代等)无生的，无有机物遗骸的 [Greek azōos ‘without life’]

AZT abbr.  the drug zidovudine [缩略]齐多夫定，叠氮胸苷(用于抗艾滋病毒的药) [chemical name azidothymidine]

Aztec /ˈæztek/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the native people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th c. 阿兹特克人(西班牙人 16 世纪征服墨西哥以前的当地土著印第安人) 2  the language of the Aztecs 阿兹特克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Aztecs or their language (see also 另见 NAHUATL) 阿兹特克人的；阿兹特克语的 [French Aztèque or Spanish Azteca, from Nahuatl aztecatl ‘men of the north’]

azuki var.  of ADZUKI  ADZUKI 的变体

azure /ˈæʒə, -ʒj(ʊ)ə, -zjʊə; ˈei-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a deep sky-blue colour 碧空，苍穹b Heraldry  blue 【纹章学】蓝色 2 poet.  the clear sky [诗]碧空，苍穹 ●adj.  1  a  of the colour azure 天蓝色的，蔚蓝的b Heraldry  blue 【纹章学】蓝色的 2 poet.  serene, untroubled [诗]宁静的，安宁的 [Middle English via Old French asur, azur and medieval Latin azzurum, azolum from Arabic al ‘the’ + lɑˉzaward from Persian lɑˉzward ‘lapis lazuli’]

azygous /ˈæziɡəs/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  ●adj. (of any organic structure) single; not existing in pairs (指任何组织结构)单的；非双生的；不成对的 ●n.  an organic structure occurring singly 单生器官 [Greek azugos ‘unyoked’ (as A-1 + zugon ‘yoke’)]

B1 /bi:/ n. (also 亦作 b) (pl. Bs or B's)  1  the second letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 2 个字母 2 Mus.  the seventh note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 7 个音， B 音 3  the second hypothetical person or example B (假定的第 2 个人或例子) 4  the second highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.) (道路、学业成绩等的)二级，第二等 5 (usu. 通常作 b) Algebra  the second known quantity 【代数】第二已知量 6  a human blood type of the ABO system (ABO 血型的)B 血型

B2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 B.)  1  black (pencil lead) 黑色(铅笔心) 2 Chess 【棋类】  bishop  3  Blessed 

B3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element boron 【化】(化学元素)硼 2 Physics  magnetic flux density 【物理学】磁通量密度 3  bel(s) 

b1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 b.)  1  born  2 Cricket 【板球】  a  bowled by 被…击中b  bye  3  billion 

b2 symb. [符] Physics 【物理学】  barn 

BA abbr. [缩略]  1  Bachelor of Arts 文学士 2  British Academy 英国学会 3  British Airways 英国航空公司 4  British Association (for the Advancement of Science) 英国科学促进会

Ba symb. Chem.  the element barium [符]【化】(化学元素)钡

BAA abbr.  British Airports Authority [缩略]英国航空站管理局

baa /bɑ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (baas, baaed or baa'd) (of a sheep etc.) bleat (羊等)发咩声 ●n. (pl. baas)  the cry of a sheep or lamb (羊、羊羔)咩 [imitative]

Baagandji /ˈbɑ:ɡ(ə)ndʒi/ n.  an Aboriginal language of SE Australia, now extinct 巴士几语(澳大利亚东南部一土著语，现已消失)

baa-lamb n. (a child's word for) a lamb (儿语)咩咩羊

baas /bɑ:s/ n. S. Afr.  boss, master (often as a form of address) [南非]老板，主人(常用作称呼) [Dutch: cf. BOSS1]

baasskap /ˈbɑ:skæp/ n. S. Afr.  domination, esp. of non-whites by whites [南非] (尤指白人对非白人的)统治 [Afrikaans from baas ‘master’ + -skap ‘condition’]

baba /ˈbɑ:bɑ:/ n. (in full 全称 rum baba)  a small rich sponge cake, usu. soaked in rum-flavoured syrup 朗姆蛋糕，婆婆蛋糕(通常浸在朗姆味糖浆中) [French from Polish, literally ‘married peasant woman’]

babacoote /ˈbæbəku:t/ n.  = INDRI  [Malagasy babakoto]

Babbitt /ˈbæbit/ n.  a materialistic, complacent businessman 巴比特式人物(讲究实际且自满的商人) □ Babbittry  n.   [George Babbitt, a character in the novel Babbitt (1922) by S. Lewis]

babbitt /ˈbæbit/ n.  1 (in full 全称 babbitt metal)  any of a group of soft alloys of tin, antimony, copper, and usu. lead, used for lining bearings etc., to diminish friction 巴氏合金(铅基，用作套筒轴承等，以减小摩擦) 2  a bearing-lining made of this 巴氏合金轴承衬 [I. Babbitt, American inventor d. 1862]

babble /ˈbæb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  talk in an inarticulate or incoherent manner 模糊不清地说b  chatter excessively or irrelevantly 唠叨c (of a stream etc.) murmur, trickle (溪水等)潺潺作声 2 tr.  repeat foolishly; divulge through chatter 愚蠢地重复；不经意地泄露 ●n.  1  a  incoherent speech 模糊不清的话语b  foolish, idle, or childish talk 蠢话，无价值的话，孩子气的话 2  the murmur of voices, water, etc. 细声细语(潺潺声等) 3  background disturbance caused by interference from conversations on other telephone lines 集扰；串音 □ babblement  n.   [Middle English, from Middle Low German babbelen, or imitative]

babbler /ˈbæblə/ n.  1  a chatterer 说话不清的人，唠叨的人 2  a person who reveals secrets 泄露秘密的人 3  a passerine bird of the large family Timaliidae, with a loud chattering voice (鹟科)画眉，鹛

babe /beib/ n.  1 literary  a baby [文学用语]婴儿 2  an innocent or helpless person 天真幼稚的人，不能自立的人  babes and sucklings  娃娃们 babes in the wood  幼稚盲从的人 3 N. Amer. slang often offens.  a young woman (often as a form of address) [北美] [俚语] [常冒犯]年轻妇女(常用作称呼) [Middle English: imitative of child's ba, ba]

babel /ˈbeib(ə)l/ n.  1  a confused noise, esp. of voices (尤指声音)嘈杂声 2  a noisy assembly 乱哄哄的集会 3  a scene of confusion 嘈杂混乱的场面 [Middle English, from Hebrew Bɑˉbel ‘Babylon’ from Akkadian bɑˉb ili ‘gate of god’ (with reference to the biblical account of the tower that was built to reach heaven but ended in chaos when Jehovah confused the builders' speech: see Gen. 11)]

Babi /ˈbɑ:bi/ n.  a member of an eclectic Persian sect founded in 1844, teaching that a new prophet would follow Muhammad, and later giving rise to the Baha'i faith 巴布教派信徒 □ Babism  n.   [Persian Bab, ‘gate’ (= intermediary), name taken by the founder]

babirusa /bɑ:biˈru:sə/ n. (also 亦作 babiroussa)  a wild hog, Babyrousa babyrussa, with upturned tusks, native to the Malay Archipelago (马来群岛的)东南亚疣猪 [Malay, from babi ‘hog’ + rusa ‘deer’]

baboon /bəˈbu:n/ n.  1  any of various large Old World monkeys of the genera Papio and Mandrillus, having a long doglike snout, large teeth, and naked callosities on the buttocks 狒狒(狒狒属，鼻孔像狗、牙大、臀部裸露有茧) 2  an ugly or uncouth person 丑陋的人，粗野的人 [Middle English, from Old French babuin or medieval Latin babewynus, perhaps from Old French baboue ‘muzzle, grimace’]

Babs /bæbz/   巴布斯 [人名]

babu /ˈbɑ:bu:/ n.  1 (in the Indian subcontinent) a title of respect, esp. to Hindus (在印度次大陆)巴布(尤指对印度教徒的尊称) 2 Anglo-Ind. offens.  an Indian clerk or official who has a superficial knowledge of English [印英] [冒犯] (粗懂英语的)印度书记员(官员) [Hindi bɑˉbū, literally ‘father’]

babushka /bəˈbʊʃkə/ n.  1 (in Russia) an old woman; a grandmother (俄罗斯)老太婆，老祖母 2  a headscarf tied under the chin 婆婆头布 [Russian, = grandmother]

baby /ˈbeibi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a very young child or infant, esp. one not yet able to walk (尤指尚不能走路的)婴儿 2  an unduly childish person 特别孩子气的人  is a baby about injections  是个怕打针的人 3  the youngest member of a family, team, etc. (家庭或班组等中)最小的人 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a young or newly born animal 幼兽，幼畜b  a thing that is small of its kind 小型的，微型的  baby car  微型轿车 baby rose  微型玫瑰 5 slang  a young woman; a sweetheart (often as a form of address) [俚语]年轻妇女，甜心，小妞(通常用作称呼) 6 slang  a person or thing regarded with affection or familiarity [俚语]心爱的(或熟悉的)人(或物) 7  one's own responsibility, invention, concern, achievement, etc., regarded in a personal way (被视为个人的)职责(发明、关切、成就等) ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  treat like a baby 当作婴儿般地对待 2  pamper 娇宠 □ carry (or hold) the baby   bear unwelcome responsibility 做不情愿做的事□ throw away (or out) the baby with the bathwater   reject the essential with the inessential 抛弃糟粕时把精华也扔了□ babyhood  n.   [Middle English (as BABE, -Y2)]

baby blue n. & adj. ●n.  a light blue colour 婴儿蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 婴儿蓝的，浅蓝的

baby boom n. colloq.  a temporary marked increase in the birth rate [口]生育率激增

baby boomer n.  a person born during a baby boom, esp. after the Second World War (尤指在第二次世界大战之后)生育高峰期出生的人

baby bouncer n. Brit.  a frame supported by elastic or springs, into which a child is harnessed to exercise its limbs [英]幼儿体操架

baby buggy n.  1 Brit. propr.  a kind of child's collapsible pushchair [英] [商标] (可折叠的)婴儿车 2 N. Amer.  a pram [北美]手推童车

baby carriage n. N. Amer.  a pram [北美]手推童车

baby face n.  1  a smooth round face like a baby's 娃娃脸 2  a person with such a face 长娃娃脸的人 □ baby-faced  adj.  

baby grand n.  the smallest size of grand piano 小型卧式钢琴

Babygro /ˈbeibiɡrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. propr.  a kind of all-in-one stretch garment for babies [英] [商标]多用婴儿衣 [BABY + GROW]

babyish /ˈbeibiiʃ/ adj.  1  childish, simple 孩子气的，幼稚的 2  immature 不成熟的 □ babyishly  adv.  □ babyishness  n.  

Babylonian /bæbiˈləʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an inhabitant of Babylon, an ancient city and kingdom in Mesopotamia 巴比伦居民；巴比伦城；巴比伦王国 ●adj.  of or relating to Babylon 巴比伦的，与巴比伦有关的 [Latin Babylonius via Greek Babulonios from Babulon, from Hebrew Bɑˉbel]

baby's breath n.  any of various scented plants, esp. Gypsophila paniculata 满天星(尤指锥花丝石竹)

babysit /ˈbeibisit/ v. intr. (-sitting; past and past part. -sat)  look after a child or children while the parents are out 代人照看小孩 □ babysitter  n.  

baby-snatcher n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who abducts a very young child 拐骗幼儿的人 2 Brit. [英]  = CRADLE-SNATCHER 

baby talk n.  childish talk used by or to young children 幼儿口语的话；儿语

baby walker n.  a wheeled frame in which a baby learns to walk (幼儿)学步车

Bacardi /bəˈkɑ:di/ n. (pl. Bacardis) propr.  a West Indian rum produced originally in Cuba [商标] (源于古巴的)西印度百加得朗姆酒 [name of the company producing it]

baccalaureate /bækəˈlɔ:riət/ n.  1  an examination intended to qualify successful candidates for higher education, esp. in France and many international schools (尤指法国及许多国际学校中的)中学毕业会考 2  the university degree of bachelor 学士学位 [French baccalauréat or medieval Latin baccalaureatus, from baccalaureus ‘bachelor’]

baccarat /ˈbækərɑ:/ n.  a gambling card game played by punters in turn against the banker 巴卡拉纸牌戏 [French baccara, of unknown origin]

bacchanal /ˈbækən(ə)l, -næl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a wild and drunken revelry 狂欢酒宴 2  a drunken reveller 狂饮作乐的人 3  a priest, worshipper, or follower of Bacchus, the Greek or Roman god of wine 酒神祭司；酒神崇拜者 ●adj.  1  of or like Bacchus or his rites 酒神的；酒神似的；酒神节的 2  riotous, roistering 狂饮作乐的 [Latin bacchanalis from Bacchus, from Greek Bakkhos]

Bacchanalia /bækəˈneiliə/ n. pl.  1  the Roman festival of Bacchus 罗马酒神节 2 (bacchanalia)  a drunken revelry 狂饮的酒宴 □ Bacchanalian  adj. & n.   [Latin, neut. pl. of bacchanalis: see BACCHANAL]

bacchant /ˈbækənt/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. bacchants or bacchantes /bəˈkænti:z/; fem. bacchante /bəˈkænt, bəˈkænti/)  1  a priest, priestess, or follower of Bacchus 酒神祭司，酒神追随者 2  a drunken reveller 狂饮作乐者 ●adj.  1  of or like Bacchus or his rites 酒神的；酒神似的；酒神节的 2  riotous, roistering 狂欢作乐的 □ bacchantic  /bəˈkæntik/ adj.   [French bacchante from Latin bacchari ‘celebrate Bacchanal rites’]

Bacchic /ˈbækik/ adj.  = BACCHANALadj.  [Latin bacchicus from Greek bakkhikos ‘of Bacchus’]

baccy /ˈbæki/ n. colloq.  tobacco [口]烟草 [abbreviation]

bachelor /ˈbætʃələ/ n.  1  an unmarried man 未婚男子，单身汉 2  a man or woman who has taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science etc. 获得(文学士或理学士等)学位的男子(或女子) 3 hist.  a young knight serving under another's banner [史义]青年最低级爵士 □ bachelorhood  n.  □ bachelorship  n.   [Middle English & Old French bacheler ‘aspirant to knighthood’, of uncertain origin]

bachelor girl n.  an independent unmarried young woman (独立生活的)未婚女子

bachelor's buttons n. pl. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单或复)  any of various button-like flowers, esp. the double buttercup 矢车菊，钮扣花(尤指复毛茛)

bacillary /bəˈsiləri/ adj.  relating to or caused by bacilli 有关杆菌的；杆菌引起的

bacilliform /bəˈsilifɔ:m/ adj.  rod-shaped 杆状的

bacillus /bəˈsiləs/ n. (pl. bacilli /-lai, -li:/)  1  any rod-shaped bacterium 芽孢杆菌 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any pathogenic bacterium 病原菌 [Late Latin, diminutive of Latin baculus ‘stick’]

back /bæk/ n., adv., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips (人体的)后背，背部b  the corresponding upper surface of an animal's body (牲畜的)背c  the spine 脊骨  fell and broke his back  摔断了脊骨d  the keel of a ship (船的)龙骨 2  a  any surface regarded as corresponding to the human back, e.g. of the head or hand, or of a chair (如头、手、椅子的)后部，背部b  the part of a garment that covers the back (衣服的)后襟，后片 3  a  the less active or visible or important part of something functional, e.g. of a knife or a piece of paper (如刀、一页纸的)背部，后面，背面  write it on the back  把它写在背面b  the side or part normally away from the spectator or the direction of motion or attention, e.g. of a car, house, or room (如车、房、屋的)后边，尾部，后部  stood at the back  站在后边 4  a  a defensive player in field games 后卫b  this position 后卫区 5 (作 the Backs)  the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam 剑桥大学的后花园 ●adv.  1  to the rear; away from what is considered to be the front 向后地，远离前部地  go back a bit  后退一点 ran off without looking back  不往后看地跑 2  a  in or into an earlier or normal position or condition 在原处，回原处  came back late  回来得晚 went back home  回家 ran back to the car  跑回轿车处 put it back on the shelf  放回书架上b  in return 送还  pay back  归还 3  in or into the past 以前，追溯  back in June  追溯到 6 月 three years back  3 年前 4  at a distance 在远处  stand back from the road  站在离开大路很远的地方 5  in check 处于被钳制状态  hold him back  止住他 6 (foll. by 后跟 of) N. Amer.  behind [北美]在后边  was back of the house  在房子后边 ●v.  1 tr.  a  help with moral or financial support (在道义、财政方面)支持b  bet on the success of (a horse etc.) 下赌注于(马等) 2 tr. & intr.  move, or cause (a vehicle etc.) to move, backwards (使)后退，(使)倒退 3 tr.  a  put or serve as a back, background, or support to 用作背面(背景、支持等)b Mus.  accompany 【音】伴奏 4 tr.  lie at the back of 位于…的后面  a beach backed by steep cliffs  海滨的后边是陡壁 5 intr. (of the wind) move round in an anticlockwise direction (风)逆时针方向旋转 ●attrib. adj.  1  situated behind, esp. as remote or subsidiary (尤指偏远的或辅助的)后面的  back entrance  后门 back teeth  后牙 2  of or relating to the past; not current (有关)过去的，过期的，旧的  back pay  欠薪 back issue  过期杂志 3  reversed 向后的，反向的  back flow  倒流 4 Phonet.  formed at the back of the mouth 【语音】舌后的，舌根的 □ at a person's back   in pursuit or support 追随；支持□ at the back of one's mind   remembered but not consciously thought of (不经意地)想起□ back and forth   to and fro 来回地□ back down   withdraw one's claim or point of view etc.; concede defeat in an argument etc. 收回原来的声明(或观点)；在争论中承认失败□ the back of beyond   a very remote or inaccessible place 天涯海角，穷乡僻壤□ back off   1  draw back, retreat 后退 2  abandon one's intention, stand, etc. 放弃原来的打算(立场等)□ back on to   have its back adjacent to 后边与…连接  the house backs on to a field  房背朝田□ back out  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  withdraw from a commitment 收回承诺□ back up   1  give (esp. moral) support to (尤指道义上)支持 2 Computing  make a spare copy of (data, a disk, etc.) 【计算】(把资料、软盘等)备份 3 (of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction (自来水)受阻后积聚上升 4  reverse (a vehicle) into a desired position 倒(车) 5  form a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic (尤指交通拥塞时)使(车辆等)排成长龙□ get (or put) a person's back up   annoy or anger a person 使某人生气□ get off a person's back   stop troubling a person 不再麻烦某人□ go back on   fail to honour (a promise or commitment) 违背(诺言、许诺等)□ know like the back of one's hand   be entirely familiar with 了如指掌，非常熟悉□ on one's back   injured or ill in bed 受伤(或卧病)在床□ on the back burner   see 见 BURNER □ put one's back into   approach (a task etc.) with vigour 竭尽全力于(某项任务等)□ see the back of   see 见 SEE1 □ turn one's back on   1  abandon 放弃 2  ignore 无视，忽视□ with one's back to (or up against) the wall   in a desperate situation; hard-pressed 在走投无路(或被逼无奈)时□ backer  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ backless  adj.   [Old English bœc, from Germanic]

backache /ˈbækeik/ n.  a (usu. prolonged) pain in one's back (通常拖得较长时间的)腰背酸痛

backbar /ˈbækbɑ:/ n. esp. US  a structure behind a bar counter, with shelves for holding bottles etc. [尤美] (放置瓶子等的)货架

backbeat /ˈbækbi:t/ n. Mus.  a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, esp. in jazz and popular music 【音】(尤指爵士乐、流行乐的)基调强节奏

backbench /bækˈben(t)ʃ/ n. Brit.  a backbencher's seat in the House of Commons [英] (下院的)后座议员席

backbencher /bɑkˈben(t)ʃə/ n. Brit.  a Member of Parliament not holding a senior office [英] (下院的)普通议员

backbiting /ˈbækbaitiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  malicious talk 背后诽谤 ●attrib. adj.  speaking ill of another or others 背后诽谤的 □ backbiter  n.  

backblocks /ˈbækblɒks/ n. pl. Austral. & NZ  land in the remote and sparsely inhabited interior [澳新]人烟稀少的腹地

backboard /ˈbækbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board worn to support or straighten the back 脊骨矫正板 2  a board placed at or forming the back of anything 垫板，挡板 3 Basketball  a board behind the basket, off which the ball may rebound 【篮球】篮板

back boiler n. Brit.  a boiler behind and integral with a domestic fire [英]炉灶后的热水器

backbone /ˈbækbəʊn/ n.  1  the spine 脊骨，脊柱 2  the main support of a structure 支柱 3  firmness of character 骨气，坚毅 4 US  the spine of a book [美]书脊

back-breaking adj. (esp. of manual work) extremely hard (尤指体力活)极累人的

backchat /ˈbæktʃæt/ n. Brit. colloq.  the practice of replying rudely or impudently [英口]谩骂；顶嘴，顶撞

backcloth /ˈbækklɒθ/ n. Brit. [英]  1 Theatr.  a painted cloth at the back of the stage as a main part of the scenery 【戏】背景幕 2  the background to a scene or situation 背景

backcomb /ˈbækkəʊm/ v. tr. Brit.  comb (the hair) towards the top of the head to make it look thicker [英]反梳(头发) (使之蓬起)

backcountry /ˈbækkʌntri/ n. esp. N. Amer.  an area away from settled districts [尤北美]偏僻地区

back-crawl n.  = BACKSTROKE 

back cross v. tr. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●v. tr.  cross (a hybrid) with one of its parents (使) (杂交种与亲本生物进行交配)回交，(使)逆代杂交 ●n.  an instance or the product of this 回交，逆代杂交

backdate /bækˈdeit/ v. tr.  1  put an earlier date to (an agreement etc.) than the actual one (在文件等上)把日期写早 2 Brit.  make retrospectively valid [英]使实际生效日期早于公布日期

back door n. & adj. ●n.  1  the door or entrance at the back of a building (建筑物的)后门 2  a secret or ingenious means of gaining an objective 秘密的(或不正当的)途径，“后门” ●attrib. adj. (作 back-door) (of an activity) clandestine, underhand (活动)秘密的，私下(进行)的  back-door deal  “后门”交易

backdown /ˈbækdaʊn/ n.  an instance of backing down 收回原来的声明(或观点)

backdrop /ˈbækdrɒp/ n.  = BACKCLOTH 

backfield /ˈbækfi:ld/ n. Amer. Football [美式橄榄球]  1  the area of play behind the line of scrimmage 守卫区 2  the players in this, or their positions 守卫队员；守卫队员的位置

backfill /ˈbækfil/ v. tr.  refill (an excavated hole) with the material dug out of it 回填(挖掘的洞穴)

backfire v. & n. ●v. intr. /bækˈfaiə/  1  undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust of an internal-combustion engine (汽缸、内燃机)发生回火，逆火 2 (of a plan etc.) rebound adversely on the originator; have the opposite effect to what was intended (计划等)发生意外；产生事与愿违的结果 ●n. /ˈbækfaiə/  an instance of backfiring 回火，逆火

backflip /ˈbækflip/ n.  a backward somersault done in the air with the arms and legs stretched out straight 直体后空翻

back-formation n.  1  the formation of a word from its seeming derivative (e.g. laze from lazy) 反成法(如 laze 来自 lazy) 2  a word formed in this way 逆构词

backgammon /ˈbækɡæmən/ n.  1  a game for two played on a board with pieces moved according to throws of the dice 巴加门，十五子棋戏 2  the most complete form of win in this (十五子棋戏的)全胜 [BACK + GAMMON2]

background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n.  1  part of a scene, picture, or description, that serves as a setting to the chief figures or objects and foreground (风景、画、描述的)后景，背景 2  an inconspicuous or obscure position 隐蔽的地方，不引人注目的地方  kept in the background  躲在不引人注目的地方 3  a person's education, knowledge, or social circumstances 出身背景(如学历等) 4  explanatory or contributory information or circumstances 背景资料 5 Physics 【物理学】  low-intensity ambient radiation from radioisotopes present in the natural environment 本底(辐射) 6 Electronics 【电子学】  unwanted signals, such as noise in the reception or recording of sound 背景噪声，杂音

background music n.  music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to some activity, or to provide atmosphere in a film etc. (电影等中的)背景音乐；配乐，伴音

backhand /ˈbækhænd/ n. Tennis etc. 【网球】  1  a stroke played with the back of the hand turned towards the opponent 反手击球 2 (作 attrib.)  of or made with a backhand 反手的，用反手的  backhand volley  反手拦击

backhanded /bækˈhændid/ adj.  1 (of a blow etc.) delivered with the back of the hand, or in a direction opposite to the usual one (打等)用手背的，反手的，与通常方向相反的 2  indirect; ambiguous 间接的，转弯抹角的，暧昧的  a backhanded compliment  隐含讥讽的虚假恭维 3  = BACKHAND 2 

backhander /ˈbækhændə/ n.  1  a  a backhand stroke 反手击球b  a backhanded blow 使用手背的一击 2 colloq.  an indirect attack [口]转弯抹角的攻击 3 Brit. slang  a bribe [英] [俚语]贿赂

backhoe /ˈbækhəʊ/ n. N. Amer.  a mechanical excavator which draws towards itself a bucket attached to a hinged boom [北美]反铲挖土机

backing /ˈbækiŋ/ n.  1  a  support 支持b  a body of supporters 一批支持者c  material used to form a back or support 背衬 2  musical accompaniment, esp. to a singer (尤指给歌手的)伴奏，伴唱

backing track n.  a recorded musical accompaniment, esp. for a soloist to play or sing along with (尤指用于独唱或独奏者的)录音伴曲

backlash /ˈbæklæʃ/ n.  1  an excessive or marked adverse reaction 强烈反对，强烈反应 2  a  a sudden recoil or reaction between parts of a mechanism (机械的)后冲，反撞b  excessive play between such parts 游移

backlight /ˈbæklait/ n.  illumination from behind 背后照明

backlist /ˈbæklist/ n.  a publisher's list of books published before the current season and still in print 存书目录；重版书目录

backlit /ˈbæklit/ adj. (esp. in photography) illuminated from behind (尤指照相中)背后照明的

backlog /ˈbæklɒɡ/ n.  1  arrears of uncompleted work etc. (未完成的工作等)积压 2  a reserve; reserves 储备，备用物  a backlog of goodwill  信誉资产

backmarker /ˈbækmɑ:kə/ n. Brit.  a competitor who has the least favourable handicap in a race etc. [英] (在竞赛等中)不享有让分优待条件的参赛者

backmost /ˈbækməʊst/ adj.  furthest back 最后面的

back number n.  1  an issue of a periodical earlier than the current one 过期杂志 2 slang  an out-of-date person or thing [俚语]过时的人(或物)

backpack /ˈbækpæk/ n. & v. ●n.  a rucksack 背包 ●v. intr.  travel or hike with a backpack 背着背包徒步旅行 □ backpacker  n.  

back passage n. Brit. colloq.  the rectum [英口]直肠

back-pedal v. intr. (-pedalled, -pedalling; US [美] -pedaled, -pedaling)  1  pedal backwards on a bicycle etc. 倒踩(自行车等的)脚蹬 2  reverse one's previous action or opinion 出尔反尔

back-projection n.  the projection of a picture from behind a translucent screen for viewing or filming 背景放映，背面放映

backrest /ˈbækrest/ n.  a support for the back 靠背

back room n. (often, with hyphen, attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  a place where secret work is done 密室

backscattering /ˈbækskæt(ə)riŋ/ n.  the scattering of radiation in a reverse direction 反向散射 □ backscatter  v. tr. & n.  

back-scratcher /ˈbækskrætʃə/ n.  1  a rod terminating in a clawed hand for scratching one's own back 搔痒扒 2  a person who performs mutual services with another for gain 拍马屁者 □ back-scratching  n. & adj.  

back seat n.  1  a seat at the back of a vehicle, hall, etc. (车辆、大厅等)后排座位 2  an inferior position or status 劣势地位

back-seat driver n.  a person who is eager to advise without responsibility (originally of a passenger in a car etc.) (源于汽车等里面的乘客)好指手画脚的人

backsheesh var.  of BAKSHEESH  BAKSHEESH 的变体

backside /bækˈsaid, ˈbæksaid/ n. colloq.  the buttocks [口]屁股

backsight /ˈbæksait/ n.  1  the sight of a rifle etc. that is nearer the stock (步枪等的)准星，表尺缺口 2 Surveying  a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting 【测量学】后视

back slang n.  slang using words spelt backwards (e.g. yob) 倒拼暗语(如把 boy 拼为 yob)

backslapping /ˈbækslæpiŋ/ adj.  vigorously hearty 十分亲热的

backslash /ˈbækslæʃ/ n.  a backward-sloping diagonal line; a reverse solidus (\) 向后划的斜线 (\)

backslide /ˈbækslaid/ v. intr. (past -slid; past part. -slid or -slidden)  relapse into bad ways or error 倒退，故态复萌 □ backslider  n.  

backspace /ˈbækspeis/ v. intr.  move a typewriter carriage or computer cursor back one or more spaces 退格

backspin /ˈbækspin/ n.  a backward spin imparted to a ball causing it to fly off at an angle on hitting a surface 回旋，倒旋，下旋

backstage /bækˈsteidʒ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1 Theatr.  out of view of the audience, esp. in the wings or dressing rooms 【戏】在后台(尤指在舞台侧面、化装室) 2  not known to the public 公众不知道地，秘密地 ●adj. /also 亦作 ˈbæk-/  that is backstage; concealed 后台的，秘密的

backstairs /ˈbækstɛəz/ n. pl.  1  stairs at the back or side of a building 后楼梯；侧面楼梯 2 (also 亦作 backstair) (作 attrib.)  denoting underhand or clandestine activity 秘密(的)

backstay /ˈbækstei/ n.  a rope etc. leading downwards and aft from the top of a mast 后支索，后拉索(绳等)

backstitch /ˈbækstitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  sewing with overlapping stitches 回式针迹，来回针脚 ●v. tr. & intr.  sew using backstitch 用回式针迹缝

backstop /ˈbækstɒp/ n.  1 Baseball etc. 【棒球】  a  a fielder directly behind the wicketkeeper 守场员，外场手b  this fielding position 守场员(接手)的位置 2  an emergency precaution; a last resort 增援，加强

backstreet /ˈbækstri:t/ n.  1  a street in a quiet part of a town, away from the main streets 偏僻街道，后街 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting illicit or illegal activity 偷偷摸摸(的)，不合法(的)  a backstreet abortion  非法打胎

backstroke /ˈbækstrəʊk/ n.  a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended in a kicking action 仰泳

back talk n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = BACKCHAT 

back-to-back adj., n. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  1 esp. Brit. (of houses) with a party wall at the rear [尤英] (房屋)后墙连着的 2 N. Amer.  consecutive [北美]连续的 ●n.  a back-to-back house 后墙相连的房子 ●adv. (作 back to back)  1  with backs adjacent and opposite each other 背靠背地  we stood back to back  我们背靠背站着 2 N. Amer.  consecutively [北美]连续地

back to front adj.  1  with the back at the front and the front at the back 本末倒置的 2  in disorder 混乱的

back-to-nature adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  denoting a movement or enthusiast for the reversion to a simpler way of life 回归自然的

backtrack /ˈbæktræk/ v. intr.  1  retrace one's steps 走回头路 2  reverse one's previous action or opinion 出尔反尔

back-up /ˈbækʌp/ n.  1  moral or technical support 道义(或技术)上的支持  called for extra back-up  要求再给一些支持 2  a reserve 备用物品 3 (often 常作 attrib.) Computing 【计算】  a  the procedure for making security copies of data 备份  back-up facilities  备份设备b  the copy itself 备份件  made a back-up  做一个备份 4 N. Amer.  a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic [北美] (尤指交通拥堵时车辆等的)拥塞

backup light n. US  a reversing light [美]倒车灯

backveld /ˈbækvelt/ n. S. Afr.  remote country districts, esp. those strongly conservative [南非] (尤指极其封闭的)偏僻乡村地区 □ backvelder  n.  

backward /ˈbækwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  = BACKWARDS  ●adj.  1  directed to the rear or starting point 向后的，向原处的  a backward look  向后看 2  reversed 颠倒的，反向的 3  mentally retarded or slow (智力)迟钝的 4  reluctant, shy, unassertive 不愿意的，腼腆的，犹豫的 5 Cricket (of a fielding position) behind a line through the stumps at right angles to the wicket 【板球】(指防守位置)在线后 □ backwardness  n.   [earlier abackward, associated with BACK]■Usage 用法说明 Backward is both an adjective and an adverb, while backwards is only an adverb and more common than backward as such, especially in literal senses. Backward 既是形容词又是副词， backwards 只是副词，而且作为副词，就本身字面意义来讲，比 backward 更常用。 

backwardation /bækwəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. esp. Brit. Stock Exch.  the percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying the delivery of it (cf. 参见 CONTANGO) [尤英]【股】延期交易费

backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv.  1  away from one's front 向后地  lean backwards  后仰 look backwards  向后看 2  a  with the back foremost 背部在前地  walk backwards  倒着走b  in reverse of the usual way 倒  count backwards  倒数 spell backwards  倒拼 3  a  into a worse state 每况愈下地  new policies are taking us backwards  新政策把我们弄得每况愈下b  into the past 追溯地  looked backwards over the years  追溯到过去许多年c (of a thing's motion) back towards the starting point (物体运动)向原处  rolled backwards  滚回原处 □ backwards and forwards   in both directions alternately; to and fro 来来回回地，反反复复地□ bend (or fall or lean) over backwards  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  make every effort, esp. to be fair or helpful [口]竭尽全力(尤为善意或有益的)□ know backwards   be entirely familiar with 对某事非常熟悉■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BACKWARD. 见 BACKWARD 的用法说明。 

backwash /ˈbækwɒʃ/ n.  1  a  receding waves created by the motion of a ship etc. (由船等运动引起的)反流b  a backward current of air created by a moving aircraft 喷流 2  repercussions 反响

backwater n. & v. ●n. /ˈbækwɔ:tə/  1  a place or condition remote from the centre of activity or thought 文化落后(死气沉沉)的地方(或情况) 2  stagnant water fed from a stream 回水，壅水 ●v. intr. (作 back water)  reverse a boat's forward motion using oars 倒桨

backwoods /ˈbækwʊdz/ n. pl.  1  remote uncleared forest land 边远蛮荒林区 2  any remote or sparsely inhabited region 人烟稀少的边远地区

backwoodsman /ˈbækwʊdzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  an inhabitant of backwoods 边远蛮荒地区的人 2  an uncouth person 粗野的人 3  a peer who very rarely attends the House of Lords “蛮荒”议员(难得出席会议的上议院议员)

backyard /bækˈjɑ:d/ n.  1 Brit.  a yard at the back of a house etc. [英] (房屋等的)后院 2 N. Amer.  a back garden [北美]后花园 □ in one's own backyard  colloq.  near one's home; in one's own area; near at hand [口]在自己家附近；在自己的领域；在近处

baclava var.  of BAKLAVA  BAKLAVA 的变体

bacon /ˈbeik(ə)n/ n.  cured meat from the back or sides of a pig 腌熏猪肉 □ bring home the bacon  colloq. [口]  1  succeed in one's undertaking 某人事业获得成功 2  supply material provision or support 提供物质帮助；支助 [Middle English via Old French from Frankish bako ham, flitch: related to BACK]

Baconian /beiˈkəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the English philosopher Sir Francis Bacon (d. 1626), or to his inductive method of reasoning and philosophy 培根的，与培根有关的；培根归纳推理法的；培根哲学的 ●n.  1  a supporter of the view that Bacon was the author of Shakespeare's plays 支持培根是莎士比亚剧作者观点的人 2  a follower of Bacon 培根主义者

bacteria pl.  of BACTERIUM  

bactericide /bækˈtiərisaid/ n.  a substance capable of destroying bacteria 杀菌剂 □ bactericidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

bacteriology /bækˌtiəriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of bacteria 细菌学 □ bacteriological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bacteriologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ bacteriologist  n.  

bacteriolysis /bækˌtiəriˈɒlisis/ n.  the rupture of bacterial cells 溶菌(作用)

bacteriolytic /bækˌtiəriəˈlitik/ adj.  capable of lysing bacteria 溶菌的

bacteriophage /bækˈtiəriə(ʊ)feidʒ, -fɑ:ʒ/ n.  a virus which parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it 噬菌体 [BACTERIUM + Greek phagein ‘eat’]

bacteriostat /bækˈtiəriə(ʊ)stæt/ n.  a substance which inhibits the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them 抑菌剂 □ bacteriostasis  n.  □ bacteriostatic  adj.   [BACTERIUM + Greek statos ‘standing’]

bacterium /bækˈtiəriəm/ n. (pl. bacteria /-riə/)  a member of a large group of unicellular micro-organisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, some of which can cause disease 细菌 □ bacterial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek baktērion, diminutive of baktron ‘stick’]■Usage 用法说明 A very common mistake is the use of bacteria as the singular form, e.g. The salmonella bacteria accounts for the majority of food poisoning case today. This is not acceptable and the form bacterium should always be used in such examples. 把 bacteria 当作单数名词看待是个常见的错误，如 The salmonella bacteria accounts for the majority of food poisoning cases today (沙门氏菌已成为当今大多数食物中毒的罪魁祸首)。这个例子是不能接受的，这类例子中应该用 bacterium 。 

Bactrian /ˈbæktriən/ adj.  of or relating to Bactria, a region and former empire in central Asia (now northern Afghanistan) 巴克特里亚(中亚古国，现为阿富汗北部)的，与巴克特里亚有关的 [Latin Bactrianus from Greek Baktrianos]

Bactrian camel n.  a camel with two humps, Camelus ferus, native to central Asia (中亚产的)双峰驼

bad /bæd/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (worse /wɜ:s/; worst /wɜ:st/)  1  inferior, inadequate, defective 质量差的；不足的；有缺陷的  bad work  不好的工作 a bad driver  技术拙劣的司机 bad light  光线不足 2  a  unpleasant, unwelcome 令人不高兴的，不受欢迎的，坏的  bad weather  坏天气 bad news  坏消息b  unsatisfactory, unfortunate 令人不满意的，不幸的  a bad business  不幸的事 3  harmful 有害的  is bad for you  对你不利 4  a (of food) decayed, putrid (食物)变质的，腐烂的b (of the atmosphere) polluted, unhealthy (大气)被污染的，不卫生的  bad air  污染的空气 5 colloq.  ill, injured [口]有病的，受伤的  am feeling bad today  今天感觉不舒服 a bad leg  一条伤腿 6 colloq.  regretful, guilty, ashamed [口]后悔的，内疚的，丢脸的  feels bad about it  对此感到后悔 7 (of an unwelcome thing) serious, severe (不受欢迎的东西)严重的，严厉的  a bad headache  头痛得厉害 a bad mistake  严重的错误 8  a  morally wicked or offensive 道德败坏的，邪恶的  a bad man  坏人 bad language  脏话b  naughty; badly behaved 顽皮的，表现不好的  a bad child  顽皮的孩子 9  worthless; not valid 不值钱的，无价值的  a bad cheque  空头支票 10 (badder, baddest) esp. US slang  good, excellent [尤美] [俚语]好的，极好的 ●n.  1  a  ill fortune 厄运  take the bad with the good  既品尝人生之乐也承受人生之苦b  ruin; a degenerate condition 衰败，没落  go to the bad  堕落，没落 2  the debit side of an account (账目的)借方  £ 500 to the bad  欠 500 英镑 3 (treated as pl. 看作复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  bad or wicked people 坏人们 ●adv. N. Amer. colloq.  badly [北美口]悲痛地，遗憾地  took it bad  悲痛地接受 □ from bad to worse   into an even worse state 越来越糟糕，每况愈下□ in a bad way   ill; in trouble 有病；情况不好  looked in a bad way  看样子情况不好□ not (or not so) bad  colloq.  fairly good [口]还不错□ too bad  colloq. (of circumstances etc.) regrettable but now beyond retrieval [口] (情况等)可惜(但无法挽回)□ baddish  adj.  □ badness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old English bœddel ‘hermaphrodite, womanish man’: for loss of l cf. MUCH, WENCH]

badass /ˈbædæs/ n. & adj. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  an aggressive, uncooperative person; a troublemaker 寻衅闹事的人，不合作的人，找麻烦的人 ●adj.  1  tough, aggressive 无法无天的，寻衅闹事的 2  bad, worthless 坏的；不值钱的 3  formidable, excellent 不好对付的；优秀的 [ASS2]

bad blood n.  ill feeling 恶感，仇恨

bad books  see 见 BOOK 

bad break n. colloq. [口]  1  a piece of bad luck 恶运 2  a mistake or blunder 错误；失策

bad breath n.  unpleasant-smelling breath; halitosis 坏气味；口臭

bad company n.  1  a dull companion 乏味的伙伴 2  an unsuitable associate or group of friends 不适当的伙伴(或朋友)

bad debt n.  a debt that is not recoverable (无法收回的)倒账，坏账

baddy /ˈbædi/ n. (also 亦作 baddie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a villain or criminal, esp. in a story, film, etc. [口] (尤指小说、电影等中的)坏蛋，歹徒

bade  see 见 BID 

bad egg  see 见 EGG1 n. 3 

bad faith n.  intent to deceive 骗人的意图，心术不正

bad form n.  an offence against current social conventions 违反潮流的行为

badge /bædʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinctive emblem worn as a mark of office, membership, achievement, licensed employment, etc. (表明公司、会员身份、业绩、领照受雇等的)徽章，证章 2  any feature or sign which reveals a characteristic condition or quality 标记，象征 ●v. tr.  mark with or distinguish by a badge 给予标记；授予徽章 [Middle English: origin unknown]

badger /ˈbædʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an omnivorous greyish-black nocturnal Eurasian mammal, Meles meles, of the weasel family, having a white head with two black stripes, and living in burrows called setts (真)獾，(欧亚)獾(鼬科，头部白色，有两根黑色条纹，生活在洞穴中)b  a related N. American animal, Taxidea taxus 美洲獾 2  a fishing-fly, brush, etc., made of its hair 獾毛做的钓鱼钩(刷子等) ●v. tr.  pester, harass, tease 纠缠，困扰，逗弄 [16th c.: perhaps from BADGE, with reference to its white forehead mark]

badinage /ˈbædinɑ:ʒ/ n.  humorous or playful ridicule 戏谑，打趣 [French from badiner ‘to joke’]

bad job n. Brit. colloq.  an unfortunate state of affairs [英口]倒霉的情况(或事情)

badlands /ˈbædlændz/ n. pl.  extensive uncultivable eroded tracts in arid areas (干旱地区侵蚀而成的)崎岖地，劣地 [translation of French mauvaises terres]

bad lot n.  a person of bad character 坏蛋，恶棍

badly /ˈbædli/ adv. (worse /wɜ:s/; worst /wɜ:st/)  1  in a bad manner 差；拙劣地  works badly  工作做得不好 2 colloq.  very much [口]非常，很  wants it badly  很需要它 3  severely 严重地  was badly defeated  惨败

badminton /ˈbædmint(ə)n/ n.  1  a game with rackets in which a shuttlecock is played back and forth across a net 羽毛球(运动) 2 Brit.  a summer drink of claret, soda, and sugar [英]巴德明顿汽水，葡萄酒汽水 [Badminton in S. England, a country house where the game was first played]

bad mouth n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n.  malicious gossip or criticism 流言蜚语，恶意攻击 ●v. tr. (bad-mouth)  criticize maliciously; abuse 恶意攻击，说坏话

bad news n. colloq.  an unpleasant or troublesome person or thing [口]讨厌的人(或事)，添麻烦的人(或事)

bad scran  see 见 SCRAN 

bad-tempered adj.  having a bad temper; irritable; easily annoyed 坏脾气的，易怒的，易生气的 □ bad-temperedly  adv.  

Baedeker /ˈbeidikə/ n.  any of various travel guidebooks published by the firm founded by the German Karl Baedeker (d. 1859) 贝德克尔旅游指南

baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  confuse or perplex (a person, one's faculties, etc.) 使(某人)困惑，难住(某人的才能等) 2  a  frustrate or hinder (plans etc.) (计划等)使受挫折，阻碍b  restrain or regulate the progress of (fluids, sounds, etc.) 控制；调节(液体、声音等的流动) ●n. (also 亦作 baffle plate)  a device used to restrain the flow of fluid, gas, etc., or to limit the emission of sound, light, etc. (控制液体、气体等流动的)折流板；(限制声音、光等发射的)缓冲板 □ bafflement  n.  □ baffling  adj.  □ bafflingly  adv.   [perhaps related to French bafouer ‘ridicule’, Old French beffer ‘mock, deceive’]

baffle board n.  a device to prevent sound from spreading in different directions, esp. round a loudspeaker cone (扬声器纸盆四周的)反射板

baffler /ˈbæflə/ n.  = BAFFLEn. 

BAFTA /ˈbæftə/ abbr.  British Academy of Film and Television Arts [缩略]英国电影与电视艺术学院

bag /bæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a receptacle of flexible material with an opening at the top 袋子 2  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of luggage 旅行袋  put the bags in the boot  把袋子放到汽车后部的行李箱里b  a woman's handbag (妇女的)手提包 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) esp. Brit. colloq.  a large amount; plenty [尤英口]大量，很多  bags of time  很多时间 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  trousers [英口]裤子 5 slang derog.  a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant [俚语] [贬]妇女(尤指丑妇) 6  an animal's sac containing poison, honey, etc. (动物含毒汁、蜜等的)囊 7  an amount of game shot by a hunter 猎获量 8 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  baggy folds of skin under the eyes 眼下的松皮 9 slang  a person's particular interest or preoccupation, esp. in a distinctive style or category of music [俚语] (尤指显著的音乐方面的)爱好，特长  his bag is Indian music  他的专长是印度音乐 ●v. (bagged, bagging)  1 tr.  put in a bag 把…装进袋 2 tr. colloq. [口]  a  secure; get hold of 获得，拿到手  bagged the best seat  得到最好的座位b colloq.  steal [口]偷c  shoot (game) 射杀(猎物)d (often in phr. 常用于短语 bags I) Brit. colloq.  claim on grounds of being the first to do so [英口]要求第一个做  bagged first go  要求先走 bags I go first  让我先走 3  a intr.  hang loosely; bulge; swell 松垂，肿胀；膨大b tr.  cause to do this 使鼓垂，使膨大 4 tr. Austral. slang  criticize, disparage [澳] [俚语]批评，轻视 □ bag and baggage   with all one's belongings 用某人全部财物；完全地□ bag of bones   an emaciated person or animal 瘦如皮包骨的人(或动物)□ bag of nerves   a very tense or timid person 很紧张的人，很胆小的人□ bag (or whole bag) of tricks  colloq.  everything; the whole lot [口]一切，所有东西□ in the bag  colloq.  achieved; as good as secured [口]已经到手的，十拿九稳的□ bagful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse baggi]

bagarre /bɑ:ˈɡɑ:, 法 baɡar/ n.  a scuffle or brawl 殴斗，争吵 [French]

bagasse /bəˈɡæs/ n.  the dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugar cane, usable as fuel or to make paper etc. (当作燃料或造纸用的)甘蔗渣 [French, from Spanish bagazo]

bagatelle /bæɡəˈtel/ n.  1  a game in which small balls are struck into numbered holes on a board, with pins as obstructions 巴格代拉桌球戏 2  a mere trifle; a negligible amount 琐事；微量 3 Mus.  a short piece of music, esp. for the piano 【音】(尤指钢琴弹奏的)轻快小曲 [French from Italian bagatella diminutive, perhaps from baga BAGGAGE or Latin baca ‘berry’]

bagel /ˈbeiɡ(ə)l/ n.  a hard bread roll in the shape of a ring 硬面包圈 [Yiddish beygel]

baggage /ˈbæɡidʒ/ n.  1  everyday belongings packed up in suitcases etc. for travelling; luggage (放在箱子等中的)行李 2  the portable equipment of an army 辎重(部队携带的装备) 3 joc. or derog.  a girl or woman [诙] [贬]姑娘，妇女 4  mental encumbrances 思想包袱 [Middle English, from Old French bagage from baguer ‘tie up’ or bagues ‘bundles’: perhaps related to BAG]

baggy /ˈbæɡi/ adj. (baggier, baggiest)  1  hanging in loose folds 松垂的 2  puffed out 鼓鼓囊囊的 □ baggily  adv.  □ bagginess  n.  

Baghdad /bægˈdæd/ n.  巴格达 [伊拉克首都]

bag lady n. esp. N. Amer.  a homeless woman who carries her possessions around in shopping bags [尤北美]无家可归的妇女，携带行李露宿街头的女人

bagman /ˈbæɡmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit. slang  a travelling salesman [英] [俚语]游动商人 2 Austral.  a tramp [澳]背着行李袋的流浪汉 3 Canad.  a political fund-raiser [加] (政治)资金筹集者，竞选中的财务主管 4 US & Austral. slang [美澳] [俚语]  an agent who collects or distributes the proceeds of illicit activities 收取贿金(或脏款)的人

bagnio /ˈbɑ:njəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a brothel 妓院 2  an oriental prison (东方的)监狱 [Italian bagno from Latin balneum ‘bath’]

bagpipe /ˈbæɡpaip/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a musical instrument consisting of a windbag squeezed by the player's arm to force air into reeded pipes, usu. including a chanter with finger-holes to play the melody and one or more drones 风笛(通常包括带指孔的指管，可奏出旋律，以及一个或多个低音) □ bagpiper  n.  

baguette /bæˈɡet/ n.  1  a long narrow French loaf 法国棍子面包 2  a gem cut in a long rectangular shape 狭长形宝石 3 Archit.  a small moulding, semicircular in section 【建】小圆凸体，半圆饰 [French from Italian bacchetto, diminutive of bacchio, from Latin baculum ‘staff’]

bagworm /ˈbæɡwɜ:m/ n. US  any of various destructive caterpillars which live in silk cases covered in plant debris [美]蓑蛾，袋蛾

bah /bɑ:/ int.  an expression of contempt or disbelief 呸！(表示轻蔑、不信) [probably French]

Baha'i /bɑ:ˈhɑ:i/ n. (pl. Baha'is)  an adherent of a monotheistic religion founded in 1863 as a branch of Babism (see BABI), emphasizing religious unity and world peace 巴哈派教徒 □ Baha'ism  n.   [Persian bahɑˊ ‘splendour’]

Bahamas   巴哈马

Bahamian /bəˈheimiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the Bahamas in the W. Indies 巴哈马人；巴哈马国民 2  a person of Bahamian descent 巴哈马人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to the Bahamas 巴哈马的，与巴哈马有关的

Bahasa Indonesia /bəˌhɑ:sə ˌindəˈni:zjə/ n.  the official language of Indonesia 印度尼西亚语 [Indonesian bahasa ‘language’ from Sanskrit bhɑˉṣɑˉ ‘speech, language’]

Bahrain   巴林

Bahraini /bɑ:ˈreini/ adj. & n.  巴林的(人)

Bahrein /bɑ:ˈrein/ n.  巴林(岛) [亚洲国家]

Bahreini /bɑ:ˈreini/ adj. & n.  巴林的(人)

baht /bɑ:t/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the basic monetary unit of Thailand (泰国货币单位)铢 [Thai bɑˉt]

Bahutu pl.  of HUTU.  

bail1 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  money etc. required as security against the temporary release of a prisoner pending trial 保释金(钱财等) 2  a person or persons giving such security 保释人 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  1  release or secure the release of (a prisoner) on payment of bail 保释(犯人) 2 (also 亦作 bale by association with bale out 1 与 bale out 1 连用 : see 见 BALE1)  release from a difficulty; come to the rescue of 从困境中解脱出来，帮助摆脱困境 □ forfeit (or colloq. [口] jump) bail   fail to appear for trial after being released on bail 保释后不如期去庭受审□ go (or stand) bail  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  act as surety (for an accused person) 做(被告的)保释人□ bailable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bail ‘custody’, bailler ‘take charge of’, from Latin bajulare ‘bear a burden’]

bail2 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Cricket  either of the two crosspieces bridging the stumps 【板球】三柱门上的横木 2  the bar on a typewriter holding the paper against the platen (打字机压纸卷筒上的)压纸杆 3  a bar separating horses in an open stable 隔离牲口的栏木 4 Austral. & NZ  a framework for securing the head of a cow during milking [澳新] (挤奶时扣住母牛头部的)闸架 ●v. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1 tr.  secure (a cow) during milking (挤奶时用闸架)扣住(奶牛)头部 2  a tr.  make (a person) hold up his or her arms to be robbed 强迫(某人)举起双手；拦路抢劫b intr.  surrender by throwing up one's arms 举手投降c tr.  buttonhole (a person) 强留(某人) [Middle English from Old French bail(e) ‘enclosure’, perhaps from Latin baculum ‘stick’]

bail3 /beil/ v. tr. (also Brit. [亦英] bale)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  scoop water out of (a boat etc.) (从船等里)把水舀出 2  scoop (water etc.) out 往外舀(水) □ bail out  var.  of bale out 1 (see 见 BALE1) bale out 1 的变体□ bailer  n.   [obsolete bail ‘bucket’ from French baille, ultimately from Latin bajulus ‘carrier’]

bail bandit n. colloq.  a person who commits a crime while on bail [口]交保后又犯罪的人

bailee /beiˈli:/ n. Law  a person or party to whom goods are committed for a purpose, e.g. custody or repair, without transfer of ownership 【法律】(如扣留或修理财物的)受托人 [BAIL1 + -EE]

bailey /ˈbeili/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  the outer wall of a castle (城堡的)郭 2  a court enclosed by it 堡场 [Middle English, variant of BAIL2]

Bailey bridge /ˈbeili/ n.  a temporary bridge of lattice steel designed for rapid assembly from prefabricated standard parts, used esp. in military operations (尤指在军事行动中使用的)贝利桥，活动便桥 [named after Sir D. Bailey (d. 1985), its designer]

bailie /ˈbeili/ n. esp. hist.  a municipal officer and magistrate in Scotland [尤史义] (苏格兰的)高级市政官 [Middle English, from Old French bailli(s) BAILIFF]

bailiff /ˈbeilif/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a sheriff's officer who executes writs and processes and carries out distraints and arrests [尤英]郡副司法长官(负责传唤、起诉、扣压、逮捕) 2 Brit.  the agent or steward of a landlord [英] (地主的)管家 3 N. Amer.  an official in a court of law who keeps order, looks after prisoners, etc. [北美]法警(维持秩序、看管犯人等) 4 Brit. (hist. except in formal titles)  the sovereign's representative in a district, esp. the chief officer of a hundred [英] ([史义]正式头衔除外)英王代表；(尤指百户邑)乡长 5  the first civil officer in the Channel Islands (英国海峡群岛的)首席文官 [Middle English from Old French baillif, ultimately from Latin bajulus ‘carrier, manager’]

bailiwick /ˈbeiliwik/ n.  1 joc.  a person's sphere of operations or particular area of interest [诙]活动(或兴趣)范围 2 Law  the district or jurisdiction of a bailie or bailiff 【法律】市政官(或郡副司法长官)的辖区(管辖范围) [BAILIE + WICK2]

bailment /ˈbeilm(ə)nt/ n.  the act of delivering goods etc. for a (usu. specified) purpose (通常指某一特定目的的)财产寄托

bailor /beiˈlɔ:/ n. Law  a person or party that entrusts goods to a bailee 【法律】财物(财产等)寄托人 [BAIL1 + -OR1]

bailout /ˈbeilaʊt/ n.  financial assistance given to a failing business, economy, etc., to save it from collapse (对破产的企业、经济等)财政援助

bailsman /ˈbeilzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who stands bail for another 保释人 [BAIL1 + MAN]

bain-marie /bænməˈri:/ n. (pl. bains-marie pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a cooking utensil consisting of a vessel of hot water in which a receptacle containing a sauce etc. can be slowly and gently heated; a double boiler (放入调味汁等的)隔水炖锅，双层蒸锅 [French, translation of medieval Latin balneum Mariae ‘bath of Maria’ (an alleged Jewish alchemist)]

Bairam /baiˈrɑ:m/ n.  either of two annual Muslim festivals, Greater and Lesser Bairam 穆斯林的拜兰节(大拜兰节和小拜兰节) [Turkish & Persian]

bairn /bɛən/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a child [苏格兰和英格兰北部]小孩 [Old English bearn]

bait /beit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  food used to entice a prey, esp. a fish or an animal (尤指诱捕鱼、兽的)饵 2  an allurement; something intended to tempt or entice 诱饵；诱惑(物) 3 archaic  a halt on a journey for refreshment or a rest [古义] (旅途中的)打尖，歇脚 4 var.  of BATE BATE 的变体 ●v.  1 tr.  a  harass or annoy (a person) 烦扰；打搅(某人)b  torment (a chained animal) 折磨(锁住的野兽) 2 tr.  put bait on (a hook, trap, etc.) to entice a prey 装饵于(钩、陷阱等) 3 archaic [古义]  a tr.  give food to (horses on a journey) 旅途中喂(马)b intr.  stop on a journey to take food or a rest 旅途中吃饭(或休息) [Middle English, from Old Norse beita ‘hunt or chase’]

baize /beiz/ n.  a coarse usu. green woollen material resembling felt used as a covering or lining, esp. on the tops of billiard tables and card tables (尤指蒙在台球桌、牌戏桌上，通常为绿色的)台面呢 [French baies (pl.) fem. of bai ‘chestnut-coloured’ (BAY4), treated as sing.]

bajra /ˈbɑ:dʒrɑ:/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) pearl millet or similar grain 珍珠粟，御谷(生长在印度次大陆) [Hindi]

bake /beik/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  cook (food) by dry heat in an oven or on a hot surface, without direct exposure to a flame (食品)烘热，被焙烤，烤b intr.  undergo the process of being baked 焙 2 intr. colloq. [口]  a (usu. as 通常作 be baking) (of weather etc.) be very hot (天气等)炎热b (of a person) be hot (人)热 3  a tr.  harden (clay etc.) by heat 烧硬(泥土等)b intr. (of clay etc.) be hardened by heat (泥土等)被烧硬 4  a tr. (of the sun) affect by its heat, e.g. ripen (fruit) (太阳)晒熟(水果)b intr.  be affected by the sun's heat 被晒 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of baking 焙，烤 2  a batch of baking 一炉烘烤的东西 3 US  a social gathering at which baked food is eaten [美]烤餐会 □ bake blind   see 见 BLIND  [Old English bacan]

baked Alaska /əˈlæskə/ n.  sponge cake and ice cream in a meringue covering 烘烤冰淇淋(一种松软的糕点) [Alaska, name of a state of the US]

baked beans n. pl.  baked haricot beans, usu. Brit. tinned in tomato sauce or US cooked with salt pork 烘豆 ([通常英]罐装豆加番茄酱，[美]豆加咸肉)

bakehouse /ˈbeikhaʊs/ n.  = BAKERY 

Bakelite /ˈbeikəlait/ n. propr.  any of various thermosetting resins or plastics made from formaldehyde and phenol and used for cables, buttons, plates, etc. [商标]酚醛塑料(或电木、胶木) (用于电缆、按钮开关、电容器板等) [German Bakelit from L.H. Baekeland, its Belgian-born inventor d. 1944]

baker /ˈbeikə/ n.  a person who bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc., esp. professionally (尤指专业)面包师 [Old English bœcere]

Baker day /ˈbeikə dei/ n. colloq. (in England and Wales) a day set aside for the in-service training of teachers, now usu. called INSET day (see 见 INSET) [口] (英格兰、威尔士)教师进修日(通常称作 INSET day) [K. Baker, name of the Education Secretary (1986-89) who introduced the practice]

baker's dozen n.  thirteen (so called from the former bakers' custom of adding an extra loaf to a dozen sold; the exact reason for this is unclear) 十三，一打加一

bakery /ˈbeik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where bread and cakes are made or sold 面包(糕饼)店(或烘房)

Bakewell tart /ˈbeikwel/ n.  a baked open pie consisting of a pastry case lined with jam and filled with a rich almond paste 杏仁果酱馅饼 [Bakewell in Derbyshire]

baking powder n.  a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, cream of tartar, etc., used instead of yeast in baking 发酵粉(含小苏打、酒石等)

baking soda n.  sodium bicarbonate 小苏打

baklava /ˈbɑ:kləvə/ n. (also 亦作 baclava)  a rich dessert of flaky pastry, honey, and nuts 拔克拉弗饼，蜜糖果仁千层酥 [Turkish]

baksheesh /bækˈʃi:ʃ/ n. (also 亦作 backsheesh) (in some oriental countries) a small sum of money given as a gratuity or as alms (一些东方国家的)小费，施舍 [ultimately from Persian bakšīš from bakšīdan ‘give’]

Baku /bɑ:ˈku:/ n.  巴库 [阿塞拜疆首都]

balaclava /bæləˈklɑ:və/ n. (in full 全称 balaclava helmet)  a tight woollen garment covering the whole head and neck except for parts of the face, worn originally by soldiers on active service in the Crimean War 巴拉克拉瓦盔式帽 [Balaclava in the Crimea, the site of a battle in 1854]

balalaika /bæləˈlaikə/ n.  a guitar-like musical instrument having a triangular body and from two to four strings, popular in Russia and other Slavonic countries 巴拉莱卡琴 [Russian]

balance /ˈbæl(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus for weighing, esp. one with a central pivot, beam, and two scales 秤(尤指天平) 2  a  a counteracting weight or force 抵消，平衡力b (in full 全称 balance wheel)  the regulating device in a clock etc. (钟表等的)平衡轮，摆轮 3  a  an even distribution of weight or amount 平衡，均衡b  stability of body or mind 平衡体，镇静  regained his balance  恢复了镇静 4  a preponderating weight or amount 大部分  the balance of opinion  大多数人的意见 5  a  an agreement between or the difference between credits and debits in an account 结存，结欠b  the difference between an amount due and an amount paid 差额  will pay the balance next week  差数下周交齐c  an amount left over; the rest 余额，剩余部分 6  a Art  harmony of design and proportion 【艺术】布局(和比例)的协调b Mus.  the relative volume of various sources of sound 【音】各种声源量的调整  bad balance between violins and trumpets  小提琴和小号不谐调 7 (作 the Balance)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Libra 天秤宫，天秤星座 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  offset or compare (one thing) with another 权衡；比较(某事)  must balance the advantages with the disadvantages  必须权衡利弊 2 tr.  counteract, equal, or neutralize the weight or importance of 抵消，使相等，平衡 3  a tr.  bring into or keep in equilibrium 使平衡  balanced a book on her head  使她头上的书保持平衡b intr.  be in equilibrium 处于平衡  balanced on one leg  一条腿站着保持平衡 4 tr. (usu. as 通常作 balanced adj.)  establish equal or appropriate proportions of elements in 均衡的，各种因素谐调的  a balanced diet  均衡饮食 balanced opinion  不偏不倚的看法 5 tr.  weigh (arguments etc.) against each other (论点等)权衡，斟酌 6  a tr.  compare and esp. equalize debits and credits of (an account) 比较，使(账户)借方贷方平衡b intr. (of an account) have credits and debits equal (账户)收支平衡 □ in the balance   uncertain; at a critical stage 未确定；处于危险阶段□ on balance   all things considered 总的说来□ strike a balance   choose a moderate course or compromise 选择温和的路线，妥协□ balancer  n.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Late Latin (libra) bilanx bilancis ‘(balance) having two scale-pans’]

balance of payments n.  the difference in value between payments into and out of a country 国际收支

balance of power n.  1  a situation in which states of the world have roughly equal power 国际间的均势 2  the power held by a small group when larger groups are of equal strength 小团体所处的举足轻重的地位

balance of trade n.  the difference in value between imports and exports 进出口差额，贸易差额

balance sheet n.  a written statement of the balance of assets and liabilities of an organization at a particular point in time 资产负债表

balance wheel  see 见 BALANCE n. 2b 

balancing act n.  an action or activity that requires achieving a delicate balance between different situations or requirements 需谨慎平衡各方力量的举措(或活动)

balata /ˈbælətə, bəˈlɑ:tə/ n.  1  any of several latex-yielding trees of Central America, esp. Manilkara bidentata 巴拉塔树(尤指中美洲二齿铁线子树) 2  the dried sap of this used as a substitute for gutta-percha 巴拉塔树胶 [ultimately from Carib]

Balbriggan /bælˈbriɡ(ə)n/ n.  a knitted cotton fabric used for underwear etc. (作内衣等用的)针织品 [Balbriggan in Ireland, where it was originally made]

balcony /ˈbælkəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a usu. balustraded platform on the outside of a building, with access from an upper-floor window or door (通常有栏杆的)阳台 2  a  the tier of seats in a theatre above the dress circle (剧院的)楼座b  the upstairs seats in a cinema etc. (电影院等的)楼座c N. Amer.  the dress circle in a theatre [北美] (戏院中的)第一层楼厅的前排座位 □ balconied  adj.   [Italian balcone]

bald /bɔ:ld/ adj.  1 (of a person) with the scalp wholly or partly lacking hair (人)秃头的 2 (of an animal, plant, etc.) not covered by the usual hair, feathers, leaves, etc. (动、植物等)无毛的；无羽的；无叶的 3 colloq.  with the surface worn away [口]表面磨光的  a bald tyre  磨光的轮胎 4  a  blunt, unelaborated 直爽的，未经推敲的  a bald statement  不加虚饰的陈述b  undisguised 不加掩饰的，未装饰的  the bald effrontery  毫不掩饰的厚脸皮 5  meagre or dull 单调的，枯燥的  a bald style  单调的文体 6  marked with white, esp. on the face (尤指脸上)有白斑的  a bald horse  脸上有白斑的马 □ balding  adj. (in senses 1 － 3 用于释义 1 至 3)  □ baldish  adj.  □ baldly  adv. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ baldness  n.   [Middle English ballede, originally ‘having a white blaze’, probably from an Old English root ball- ‘white patch’]

baldachin /ˈbældəkin, ˈbɔ:ld-/ n. (also 亦作 baldaquin)  1  a ceremonial canopy over an altar, throne, etc. (祭坛或宝座等上的)华盖；祭坛华盖；墓碑华盖 2  a rich brocade 鲜艳的锦缎，宝大锦 [Italian baldacchino from Baldacco ‘Baghdad’, the brocade's place of origin]

bald eagle n.  a white-headed eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, used as the emblem of the United States 白头鹫

balderdash /ˈbɔ:ldədæʃ/ n.  senseless talk or writing; nonsense 没意义的话语(或文章)；胡说八道 [17th c. in the sense ‘a mixture of drinks’, then ‘a senseless jumble of words’: origin unknown]

baldhead /ˈbɔ:ldhed/ n.  a person with a bald head 秃子，秃头人

baldmoney /ˈbɔ:ldmʌni/ n. (pl. -eys)  = SPIGNEL  [Middle English in the sense ‘gentian’: origin unknown]

baldric /ˈbɔ:ldrik/ n. hist.  a belt for a sword, bugle, etc., hung from the shoulder across the body to the opposite hip [史义] (挂刀剑、号角等的)装饰性斜挂肩带 [Middle English baudry from Old French baudrei, of unknown origin]

baldy /ˈbɔ:ldi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 baldie) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a bald person 秃子，秃头人 ●adj.  bald 秃头的

bale1 /beil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bundle of merchandise or hay etc. tightly wrapped and bound with cords or hoops 一大捆，一大包(货物或干草等) 2  the quantity in a bale as a measure, esp. US 500 lb of cotton 一大捆的量 ([尤美]一包棉花为 500 磅) ●v. tr.  make up into bales 把…打成捆(或包) □ bale (or bail) out   1 (of a pilot etc.) make an emergency parachute descent from an aircraft (cf. 参见 BAIL3) (飞行员等)跳伞 2  = BAIL1v. 2  [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, ultimately identical with BALL1]

bale2 /beil/ n. archaic or poet.  evil, destruction, woe, pain, misery [古义] [诗]邪恶；毁灭；灾难；苦难；悲愁 [Old English b(e)alu]

bale3 Brit. var.  of BAIL3 [英] BAIL3 的变体

baleen /bəˈli:n/ n.  whalebone 鲸须 [Middle English via Old French baleine from Latin balaena ‘whale’]

baleen whale n.  any of various whales of the suborder Mysticeti, having plates of whalebone in the mouth for straining plankton from the water (须鲸亚目的) (长)须鲸

baleful /ˈbeilfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a manner, look, etc.) gloomy, menacing (尤指态度、脸色等)忧郁的；威胁性的 2  harmful, malignant, destructive 有害的；恶毒的；破坏的 □ balefully  adv.  □ balefulness  n.   [BALE2 + -FUL]

baler /ˈbeilə/ n.  a machine for making bales of hay, straw, metal, etc. (干草、稻草、金属等的)打包机；压捆机

Balinese /bɑ:liˈni:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of Bali, an island in Indonesia 巴厘人 2  the language of Bali 巴厘语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bali or its people or language (有关)巴厘岛的；(有关)巴厘人的；(有关)巴厘语的

balk var.  of BAULK  BAULK 的变体

Balkan /ˈbɒlkən, ˈbɔ:l-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the region of SE Europe bounded by the Adriatic, the Aegean, and the Black Sea 巴尔干半岛的，与巴尔干半岛有关的 2  of or relating to its peoples or countries (有关)巴尔干民族的，(有关)巴尔干各国的 ●n. (作 the Balkans)  the Balkan countries 巴尔干半岛各国 [Turkish]

Balkanize /ˈbɒlkənaiz, ˈbɔ:l-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  divide (an area) into smaller mutually hostile states 使(某地区)分成若干敌对的小国，使巴尔干化 □ Balkanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

balky var.  of BAULKY  BAULKY 的变体

ball1 /bɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid or hollow sphere, esp. for use in a game 实心(或空心)球(尤用于游戏) 2  a  a ball-shaped object; material forming the shape of a ball 球状物；球形物体  ball of snow  雪球 ball of wool  毛线团 rolled himself into a ball  他滚成一团b  a rounded part of the body 人体球状部位  ball of the foot  拇趾底部的肉球 3  a solid non-explosive missile for a cannon etc. (炮等的)弹丸 4  a single delivery of a ball in cricket, baseball, etc., or passing of a ball in football (板球、篮球等的)发球；投球，传球 5 (in pl. 用复数) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  the testicles 睪丸b Brit. (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish [英]胡说八道(通常作轻蔑感叹)c Brit.  = BALLS-UP d  courage, ‘guts’ 勇气，胆量 ●v.  1 tr.  squeeze or wind into a ball 把…挤压成球，绕成团 2 intr.  form or gather into a ball or balls 呈球状；成团块 □ the ball is in your etc. court   you etc. must be next to act 轮到你(等)作出反应□ balls (or Brit. [英] ball) up  coarse slang  bungle; make a mess of [粗俗俚语]笨手笨脚地做；把…弄得一团糟□ have the ball at one's feet   have one's best opportunity 有最好的机会□ keep the ball rolling   maintain the momentum of an activity 使活动不中断□ on the ball  colloq.  alert [口]机警的□ play ball  colloq.  cooperate [口]合作□ start etc. the ball rolling   set an activity in motion; make a start 开始某种活动 [Middle English from Old Norse böllr, from Germanic]

ball2 /bɔ:l/ n.  1  a formal social gathering for dancing 正式的社交舞会 2 slang  an enjoyable time (esp. 尤指 have a ball 度过了一段愉快的时间) [俚语]一段愉快的时间 [French bal from Late Latin ballare ‘to dance’]

ballad /ˈbæləd/ n.  1  a poem or song narrating a popular story 叙述民间故事的诗歌，民谣 2  a slow sentimental or romantic song (节奏缓慢的)抒情歌曲，情歌 [Middle English via Old French balade from Provençal balada ‘dancing-song’, from balar ‘to dance’]

ballade /bæˈlɑ:d/ n.  1  a poem of one or more triplets of stanzas with a repeated refrain and an envoi 三节联韵诗 2 Mus.  a short lyrical piece, esp. for piano 【音】(尤指为钢琴编写的)叙事曲 [earlier spelling and pronunciation of BALLAD]

balladeer /bæləˈdiə/ n.  a singer or composer of ballads 叙事诗歌(或民谣)的编者(或演唱者)

ballad metre n.  = COMMON METRE 

balladry /ˈbælədri/ n.  ballad poetry 叙事诗歌，民谣

ball-and-socket joint n.  a natural or man-made joint in which a rounded end lies in a concave cup or socket, allowing freedom of movement (天然的或人工的)球窝关节；球窝连接，球窝接头

ballast /ˈbæləst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any heavy material placed in a ship or the car of a hot-air balloon etc. to secure stability (船只、热气球车等上的)压载物，压舱物 2  coarse stone etc. used to form the bed of a railway track or road 道砟(碎石等) 3  a mixture of coarse and fine aggregate for making concrete 石砟 4 Electr.  any device used to stabilize the current in a circuit 【电】镇流器 5  anything that affords stability or permanence 稳定力量，稳定因素 ●v. tr.  1  provide with ballast 装压舱物于 2  afford stability or weight to 使稳定 [16th c.: from Low German or Scandinavian, of uncertain origin]

ball-bearing n.  1  a bearing in which the two halves are separated by a ring of small metal balls which reduce friction 滚珠轴承 2  one of these balls 滚珠；钢球

ballboy /ˈbɔ:lbɔi/ n. (fem. ballgirl /-ɡɜ:l/)  a boy or girl who retrieves balls that go out of play during a game of tennis etc. (给打网球者拾球的)球童

ballcock /ˈbɔ:lkɒk/ n.  a floating ball on a hinged arm, whose movement up and down controls the water level in a cistern etc. (水箱等中的)浮球旋塞，浮球阀

ballerina /bæləˈri:nə/ n.  a female ballet dancer 芭蕾舞女演员 [Italian, fem. of ballerino ‘dancing master’ from ballare ‘to dance’ from Late Latin]

ballet /ˈbælei, -li/ n.  1  a  a dramatic or representational style of dancing and mime, using set steps and techniques and usu. (esp. in classical ballet) accompanied by music (通常尤指古典)芭蕾(舞)b  a particular piece or performance of ballet 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演c  the music for this 芭蕾舞曲 2  a company performing ballet 芭蕾舞团 □ balletic  /bəˈletik/ adj.   [French from Italian balletto, diminutive of ballo BALL2]

ballet dancer n.  a dancer who specializes in ballet 芭蕾舞演员

balletomane /ˈbælitəʊmein/ n.  a devotee of ballet 芭蕾舞迷 □ balletomania  /-ˈmeiniə/ n.  

ball game n.  1  a  any game played with a ball 球类运动b N. Amer.  a game of baseball [北美]棒球运动 2 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a particular affair or concern [尤北美口]情况，局面  a whole new ball game  一个全新的局面

ballgirl  see 见 BALLBOY 

ballista /bəˈlistə/ n. (pl. ballistae /-sti:/)  a catapult used in ancient warfare for hurling large stones etc. (古代用以发射石弹等的)抛石机，投石器 [Latin from Greek ballō ‘throw’]

ballistic /bəˈlistik/ adj.  1  of or relating to projectiles 射弹的，与射弹有关的 2  moving under the force of gravity only 弹道的 □ go ballistic  esp. N. Amer. slang  become furious [尤北美] [俚语]暴怒的□ ballistically  adv.   [BALLISTA + -IC]

ballistic missile n.  a missile which is initially powered and guided but falls under gravity on its target 弹道导弹

ballistics /bəˈlistiks/ n.  the science of projectiles and firearms 弹道学，发射学

ball lightning n.  a rare globular form of lightning 球状闪电

ballocks var.  of BOLLOCKS  BOLLOCKS 的变体

ballon d'essai /bæˌlɒ˜ deˈsei, 法 balɔ˜ desɛ/ n. (pl. ballons d'essai pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = TRIAL BALLOON  [French, = trial balloon]

balloon /bəˈlu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small inflatable rubber pouch with a neck, used as a child's toy or as decoration 玩具气球；装饰气球 2  a large usu. round bag inflatable with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, often carrying a basket for passengers (通常圆形的热)气球 3 colloq.  a balloon shape enclosing the words or thoughts of characters in a comic strip or cartoon [口]气球形圆圈 4  a large globular drinking glass, usu. for brandy (通常喝白兰地酒的)球形大酒杯 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  swell out or cause to swell out like a balloon (使)像气球般鼓起 2 intr.  travel by balloon 乘气球旅行 3 tr. Brit.  hit or kick (a ball etc.) high in the air [英]把(球等)击(或踢)到高空 □ when the balloon goes up  colloq.  when the action or trouble starts [口]开始行动时；出乱子时□ balloonist  n.   [French ballon or Italian ballone ‘large ball’]

ballot /ˈbælət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a process of voting, in writing and usu. secret (尤指无记名)投票选举 2  the total of votes recorded in a ballot 投票总数 3  the drawing of lots 抽签 4  a paper or ticket etc. used in voting 投票用纸(用票等) ●v. (balloted, balloting)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a  hold a ballot; give a vote 投票选举；投票b  draw lots for precedence etc. (按先后次序等)抽签决定 2 tr.  take a ballot of 提交表决  the union balloted its members  工会提交会员表决 [Italian ballotta, diminutive of balla BALL1 (from the practice of registering votes by placing coloured balls in a container)]

ballot box n.  a sealed box into which voters put completed ballot papers 投票箱

ballot paper n. Brit.  a slip of paper used to register a vote [英]投票用纸

ballpark /ˈbɔ:lpɑ:k/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a baseball ground 棒球场 2 (作 attrib.) colloq.  approximate, rough [口]大致的，粗略估计的  a ballpark figure  近似数 □ in the right ballpark  colloq.  close to one's objective; approximately correct [口]接近目标；基本正确

ballpoint /ˈbɔ:lpɔint/ n. (in full 全称 ballpoint pen)  a pen with a tiny ball as its writing point 圆珠笔

ball-race n.  1  a ring-shaped groove in which the balls of a ball-bearing move 座圈，滚道 2  a ball-bearing 滚珠轴承

ballroom /ˈbɔ:lru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a large room or hall for dancing 舞厅

ballroom dancing n.  formal social dancing as a recreation or performed competitively 交谊舞，正式的交际舞

balls-up n. Brit. coarse slang  a mess; a confused or bungled situation [英] [粗俗俚语]混乱，一团糟

ballsy /ˈbɔ:lzi/ adj. slang [俚语]  1  manly, powerful 有男子气度的；(慓悍)有力的 2  courageous 有胆量的 [BALL1 n. 5 d]

ball valve n.  a valve opened or closed by a ball which fits into a cup-shaped opening 球阀，弹子阀

bally /ˈbæli/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  a mild form of bloody (see 见 BLOODY adj. 3) [英] [俚语] bloody 的委婉说法  took the bally lot  全部拿走 [alteration of BLOODY]

ballyhoo /bæliˈhu:/ n.  1  a loud noise or fuss; a confused state or commotion 喧闹，乱糟糟的一片 2  extravagant or sensational publicity 大吹大擂(地宣扬) [19th c., originally US: origin unknown]

ballyrag /ˈbæliræɡ/ v. tr. (also 亦作 bullyrag /ˈbʊl-/) (-ragged, -ragging) slang  play tricks on; scold, harass [俚语]开玩笑，辱骂，烦扰 [18th c.: origin unknown]

balm /bɑ:m/ n.  1  an aromatic ointment for anointing, soothing, or healing 香膏，镇痛软膏 2  a fragrant and medicinal exudation from certain trees and plants 香树脂 3  a healing or soothing influence or consolation 安慰(物)，慰藉(物) 4  a tree that yields balm, esp. an Asian and N. African tree of the genus Commiphora 香树(尤指亚洲和北非的没药属植物)没药属乔木 5  any aromatic herb, esp. one of the genus Melissa 香脂草(尤指蜜蜂花属草) 6  a pleasant perfume or fragrance 芳香，香味 [Middle English via Old French ba(s)me from Latin balsamum BALSAM]

balm of Gilead /ˈɡiliæd/ n. (cf. Jer. 参见《耶利米书》 8:22)  1  a  a fragrant resin formerly much used as an unguent 麦加没药树脂b  a tree of the genus Commiphora yielding such resin 麦加没药树 2  the balsam fir or poplar 胶枞，胶杨

balmoral /bælˈmɒr(ə)l/ n.  1  a type of brimless boat-shaped cocked hat with a cockade or ribbons attached, usu. worn by certain Scottish regiments (通常某些苏格兰军团士兵戴的)无边船形帽 2  a heavy leather walking boot with laces up the front 结带皮靴 [Balmoral Castle in Scotland]

balmy /ˈbɑ:mi/ adj. (balmier, balmiest)  1  mild and fragrant; soothing 温和的，有香味的，有镇痛作用的 2  yielding balm 产香脂的 3 esp. Brit. slang [尤英] [俚语]  = BARMY  □ balmily  adv.  □ balminess  n.  

balneology /bælniˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of bathing and medicinal springs 浴疗学 □ balneological  /-niəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ balneologist  n.   [Latin balneum ‘bath’ + -LOGY]

baloney /bəˈləʊni/ n. (also 亦作 boloney) (pl. -eys) slang [俚语]  1  humbug, nonsense 欺诈，胡扯 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BOLOGNA SAUSAGE  [20th c.: alteration of Bologna (see BOLOGNA SAUSAGE)]

BALPA /ˈbælpə/ abbr.  British Air Line Pilots Association [缩略]英国民航驾驶员协会

balsa /ˈbɒlsə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 balsa wood)  a type of tough lightweight wood used for making models, rafts, etc. (制造模型、木筏等的)西印度轻木木料 2  the tropical American tree, Ochroma lagopus, from which it comes 轻木树 [Spanish, = raft]

balsam /ˈbɔ:lsəm, ˈbɒl-/ n.  1  an aromatic resinous exudation, such as balm, obtained from various trees and shrubs and used as a base for certain fragrances and medical preparations 香脂 2  an ointment, esp. one composed of a substance dissolved in oil or turpentine (尤指溶于油或松节油的)油膏 3  any of various trees or shrubs which yield balsam 产香脂的树(或灌木) 4  any of several flowering plants of the genus Impatiens 凤仙花属植物 5  a healing or soothing agency (治疗或镇痛用的)香膏 □ balsamic  /-ˈsæmik/ adj.   [Old English, from Latin balsamum]

balsam fir n.  a N. American tree, Abies balsamea, which yields balsam 胶枞，胶冷杉

balsamic vinegar n.  a dark, sweet, Italian vinegar, matured in wooden barrels 意大利香醋

balsam poplar n.  any of various N. American poplars, esp. Populus balsamifera, yielding balsam 胶杨

balsa wood  see 见 BALSA 1 

Balti /ˈbɔ:lti, ˈbælti/ n.  a type of Pakistani curry, usu. cooked and served in a dish like a shallow wok 巴基斯坦咖喱(通常烹调用) [20th c.: origin uncertain; perhaps from Balti ‘native or inhabitant of Baltistan’]

Baltic /ˈbɔ:ltik, ˈbɒlt-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (作 the Baltic)  a  an almost landlocked sea of northern Europe 波罗的海b  the states bordering this sea 波罗的海各国 2  an Indo-European branch of languages including Old Prussian, Lithuanian, Latvian, and Lettish 波罗的语族(印欧语系，包括古普鲁士语、立陶宛语、拉脱维亚语和列托语) ●adj.  of or relating to the Baltic or the branch of languages called Baltic (有关)波罗的语的，(有关)波罗的人的；(有关)波罗的语族的 [medieval Latin Balticus from Late Latin Balthae ‘dwellers near the Baltic Sea’]

Baltic Sea /ˈbɔ:ltik/ n.  波罗的海 [欧洲北部]

Baltimore /ˈbɔ:ltimɔ:/ n.  巴尔的摩 [美国城市]

baluster /ˈbæləstə/ n.  each of a series of usu. ornamental short posts or pillars supporting a rail or coping etc. (通常有装饰的)栏杆柱(支撑扶手、顶盖等) [French balustre via Italian and Latin from Greek balaustion ‘wild-pomegranate flower’, which the baluster resembles in shape]■Usage 用法说明 Baluster is sometimes confused with banister because their meanings overlap. A baluster is usually a curved ornamental post forming part of a balustrade which is mainly found around a gallery, bridge, or terrace, as in Expert craftsmen have restored stone balusters taken from the bridge and fitted plinths to the top to form bird tables. baluster 有时与 banister 相混，因为两者的意义有重叠部分。 baluster 通常是装饰性的曲线柱，主要是走廊、桥梁、阳台上扶手的栏杆柱，如 Expert craftsmen have restored stone balusters taken from the bridge and fitted plinths to the top to form bird tables (工艺专家已经修复了从桥上拆下的石头栏柱，并在顶端安装了可放鸟食的平台)。 A banister is a post supporting the handrail of a staircase, e.g. He shook the stair banisters and rail and found they were loose. It can also mean the posts together with the rail, as in He looked over the banister(s). In this case it is often used in the plural. banister 是楼梯扶手的栏柱。如 He shook the stair banisters and rail and found they were loose (他摇了摇楼梯上的栏柱和扶手，发现都松了)。 banister 还可以指栏柱和扶手，如 He looked over the banister(s) (他从扶栏上边望去)。在这种情况下它总是用作复数。 Occasionally, a large staircase in a grand house may have ornamental carved banisters, in which case they may be called balusters. 有时豪宅里的大楼梯上可能会有雕刻的装饰性栏柱，此时这种栏柱可称作 balusters 。 

balustrade /bæləˈstreid/ n.  a railing supported by balusters, esp. forming an ornamental parapet to a balcony, bridge, or terrace (尤指构成阳台、桥梁、平台的装饰性低矮挡墙的)栏杆，扶手 □ balustraded  adj.   [French (as BALUSTER)]

Bamako /ˌbæməˈkəu/ n.  巴马科 [马里首都]

bambino /bæmˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. bambini /-ni/) colloq.  a young (esp. Italian) child [口] (尤指意大利)小小孩，婴孩 [Italian, diminutive of bambo ‘silly’]

bamboo /bæmˈbu:/ n.  1  a giant woody grass of the mainly tropical subfamily Bambusidae (竹亚科)竹子 2  its hollow jointed stem, used as a stick or to make furniture etc. 竹竿(可用作棍棒、可制家具等) [Dutch bamboes via Portuguese mambu from Malay]

bamboo shoot n.  a young shoot of bamboo, eaten as a vegetable 竹笋

bamboozle /bæmˈbu:z(ə)l/ v. tr. colloq.  cheat, hoax, mystify [口]欺骗，哄骗，蒙蔽 □ bamboozler  n.   [c. 1700: of unknown origin]

ban /bæn/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (banned, banning)  forbid, prohibit, esp. formally (尤指正式)阻止，禁止 ●n.  1  a formal or authoritative prohibition 禁止令  a ban on smoking  禁烟令 2  a tacit prohibition by public opinion 无形的禁忌，谴责 3 hist.  a sentence of outlawry [史义]剥夺公民权的判决 4 archaic  a curse or execration [古义]诅咒，咒骂 [originally = public proclamation or summons, from Old English bannan ‘summon’, from Germanic]

banal /bəˈnɑ:l, -ˈnæl/ adj.  trite, feeble, commonplace 陈腐的；虚弱的；普通的 □ banality  /-ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ banally  adv.   [originally in sense ‘compulsory’, hence ‘common to all’: French from ban (as BAN)]

banana /bəˈnɑ:nə/ n.  1  a long curved fruit with soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe, growing in clusters 香蕉 2 (in full 全称 banana tree)  the tropical and subtropical treelike plant, Musa sapientum, bearing this 香蕉树 □ go bananas  slang  become crazy or angry [俚语]发怒，发狂 [Portuguese or Spanish, from a name in Guinea]

banana republic n. derog.  a small state, esp. in Central America, economically dependent on usu. one trade such as banana-growing and therefore dependent on foreign capital [贬] (尤指中非的)香蕉共和国(通常只种植香蕉，依赖外资)

banana skin n.  1  the skin of a banana 香蕉皮 2  a cause of upset or humiliation; a blunder 烦恼(或丢脸)的原因；愚蠢的错误

banana split n.  a sweet dish made with split bananas, ice cream, sauce, etc. 香蕉圣代(一种有香蕉、冰淇淋、调汁等的甜点)

banausic /bəˈnɔ:sik/ adj. derog. [贬]  1  a  uncultivated 未开化的，没有教养的b  materialistic 功利的 2  suitable only for artisans 只适于工匠的 [Greek banausikos ‘for artisans’]

Banbury cake /ˈbænb(ə)ri/ n. Brit.  a flat pastry with a spicy currant filling [英]葡萄干夹心饼 [Banbury in S. England, where it was originally made]

banc /bæŋk/ n.   □ in banc  Law  sitting as a full court 【法律】在全体法官出席的情况下 [Anglo-French (= bench) from medieval Latin (as BANK2)]

band1 /bænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat, thin strip or loop of material (e.g. paper, metal, or cloth) put round something esp. to hold it together or decorate it (纸质、金属、布质)带，箍(尤指把某物拢住或起装饰作用)  headband  头箍，头带 2  a  a strip of material forming part of a garment (衣服上的)饰带  hatband  帽带 waistband  裤带b  a stripe of a different colour or material on an object (不同颜色或质地的)条纹c  a portion of a substance or of an area in the form of a long flat strip 条(块)状  a band of cloud  一块云 3  a range or category within which items fall 段，级；范围  tax band  税收范围 top band of the fifth form  第 5 类的最高级 4  a  a range of frequencies or wavelengths in a spectrum (esp. of radio frequencies) 频带，波段(尤指无线电波段)b  a range of values within a series 价值范围 5  a plain gold ring, esp. a gold wedding ring 金戒指(尤指结婚戒指) 6 Mech.  a belt connecting wheels or pulleys 【机】传动带，传送带 7 (in pl. 用复数)  a collar having two hanging strips, worn by some lawyers, ministers, and academics in formal dress 带有两条饰带的领圈 8 archaic  a thing that restrains, binds, connects, or unites; a bond [古义]束缚；约束；接合；联接；带子 ●v. tr.  1  put a band on 用带子扎，在…上箍 2  a  mark with stripes 作条状记号b (as 作 banded adj.) Bot. & Zool.  marked with coloured bands or stripes 【植】【动】作彩色条状记号的 3  a  divide into, or arrange in, bands or ranges with a view to treating the bands differently 分类b  group (pupils) on the basis of ability 把(学生)按能力分班 [Middle English, from Old French bande, bende (sense 6 from Old Norse band), from Germanic]

band2 /bænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a group of musicians who play together (usu. popular rather than classical music) (通常为流行音乐而非古典音乐)乐队  jazz band  爵士乐队 brass band  铜管乐队 rock band  摇滚乐队b colloq.  an orchestra [口]管弦乐队 2  an organized group of people having a common object, esp. of a criminal nature (尤指具有犯罪性质的)群，伙，帮  band of cut-throats  一帮杀人凶手 3 N. Amer.  a herd or flock [北美]牧群 ●v. tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together)  form into a group for a purpose (使)聚集成群；(把)联合起来  band together for mutual protection  联合起来互相保护 [Middle English from Old French bande (n.), bander (v.), medieval Latin banda, probably of Germanic origin]

bandage /ˈbændidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip of material for binding up a wound etc. (伤口等用)绷带 2  a piece of material used as a blindfold 蒙眼用布带 ●v. tr.  bind (a wound etc.) with a bandage 用绷带包扎(伤口等) [French from bande (as BAND1)]

Band-Aid n. (also 亦作 band-aid)  1 propr. [商标]  a  a type of sticking plaster with a gauze pad “邦迪”创可贴b  a piece of this 一块“邦迪”创可贴 2  a makeshift or temporary solution 权宜之计，暂时的解决办法

bandanna /bænˈdænə/ n.  a large coloured handkerchief or neckerchief, usu. of silk or cotton, and often having white spots (通常丝、棉质地，上带白点的)印花大手巾，印花头巾 [probably Portuguese from Hindi]

Bandar Seri Begawan /ˌbʌndəˌseribəˈgɑ:wən/ n.  斯里巴加湾市 [文莱首都]

bandbox /ˈbæn(d)bɒks/ n.  a usu. circular cardboard box for carrying hats, used originally for neckbands (盛帽子的)圆筒形纸板盒 □ out of a bandbox   extremely neat 特别整洁的 [BAND1 + BOX1]

bandeau /ˈbændəʊ/ n. (pl. bandeaux /-dəʊz/)  a narrow band worn round the head 束发带 [French]

banderilla /bændəˈriljə/ n.  a decorated dart thrust into a bull's neck or shoulders during a bullfight 装饰标枪(斗牛时用) [Spanish, diminutive of bandera ‘banner’]

banderole /ˈbændərəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 banderol)  1  a  a long narrow flag with a cleft end, flown at a masthead (桅顶挂的)末端叉开的狭长旗帜，燕尾旗b  an ornamental streamer on a knight's lance (骑士枪矛上的)饰带，枪旗 2  a  a ribbon-like scroll 旒旗b  a stone band resembling a banderole, bearing an inscription 扁带状石刻装饰 [French banderole from Italian banderuola, diminutive of bandiera ‘banner’]

bandicoot /ˈbændiku:t/ n.  1  any mainly insect-eating marsupial of the family Peramelidae, of Australia and New Guinea (澳大利亚、新几内亚袋狸科)袋狸 2 (in full 全称 bandicoot rat)  a destructive Asian rat of the genus Bandicota, esp. the large B. indica (尤指袋狸鼠)害鼠 [Telugu pandikokku literally ‘pig-rat’]

banding /ˈbændiŋ/ n.  1  the presence or formation of visible bands or stripes 出现(或形成)的条带 2  division into a series of categories e.g. by ability, value, tax liability, etc. (如按能力、价值、交税等)分类 3 Biochem. 【生化】  a  the pattern of regions on a chromosome made visible by staining 染色体带b  the separation of molecules into bands of concentration in a gel etc. (凝胶剂等上的)分子聚集显带 4  the labelling of individual birds or animals with bands 环志(鸟或牲畜上作的标记)

bandit /ˈbændit/ n. (pl. bandits or banditti /-ˈditi/)  1  a robber or murderer, esp. a member of a gang; a gangster (尤指一帮)土匪，强盗 2  an outlaw 犯法的人 □ banditry  n.   [Italian bandito (pl. -iti), past part. of bandire ‘ban’, = medieval Latin bannire ‘proclaim’: related to BAN, BANISH]

bandleader /ˈbændli:də/ n.  the leader of a musical band 乐队的领队

bandmaster /ˈbæn(d)mɑ:stə/ n.  the conductor of a (esp. military or brass) band 乐队指挥(尤指军乐队或铜管乐队) [BAND2 + MASTER]

Band of Hope n. (in the UK) an association promoting total abstinence from alcohol (英国)青年终身戒酒团

bandog /ˈbændɒɡ/ n.  a fighting dog bred for its strength and ferocity by crossing aggressive breeds 猛犬，警犬，猎狗 [originally = a dog kept on a chain, from BAND1 ‘fastening’ + DOG]

bandolier /bændəˈliə/ n. (also 亦作 bandoleer)  a shoulder-belt with loops or pockets for cartridges 子弹带；弹囊 [Dutch bandelier or French bandoulière, probably formed as BANDEROLE]

bandpass /ˈbæn(d)pɑ:s/ n.  the range of frequencies (of sound, electrical signals, etc.) which are transmitted through a filter (通过滤波器能够转换声音、电子信号等的)带通

bandsaw /ˈbæn(d)sɔ:/ n.  an endless saw, consisting of a steel belt with a serrated edge running over wheels 带锯，电动带锯

bandsman /ˈbæn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a player in a (esp. military or brass) band 乐队成员(尤指军乐队或铜管乐队)

bandstand /ˈbæn(d)stænd/ n.  a covered outdoor platform for a band to play on, usu. in a park 室外音乐台(通常在公园)

bandwagon /ˈbændwæɡən/ n. orig. US  a wagon used for carrying a band in a parade etc. [源于美] (游行等中的)乐队彩车，宣传车 □ climb (or jump) on the bandwagon   join a party, cause, or group that seems likely to succeed 加入即将胜利的一方

bandwidth /ˈbændwitθ, -widθ/ n.  the range of frequencies within a given band (see 见 BAND1 n. 4a) 带宽

bandy1 /ˈbændi/ adj. (bandier, bandiest)  1 (of the legs) curved so as to be wide apart at the knees (腿)膝向外屈的；罗圈的 2 (also 亦作 bandy-legged) (of a person) having bandy legs (人)有罗圈腿的 [perhaps from obsolete bandy ‘curved stick’]

bandy2 /ˈbændi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  pass (a story, rumour, etc.) to and fro 散布(流言蜚语等)b  throw or pass (a ball etc.) to and fro 来回投掷(传递) (球等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  discuss disparagingly (侮蔑性地)议论  bandied her name about  到处在非议她 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  exchange (blows, insults, etc.) 打架，谩骂(互相攻击等)  bandy words with me  跟我斗嘴 [perhaps from French bander from bande BAND2]

bane /bein/ n.  1  the cause of ruin or trouble; the curse (esp. 尤用于 the bane of one's life 某人的祸根) 祸根，灾难 2 poet.  ruin; woe [诗]毁灭，悲痛 3 archaic [古义] (except in comb. 复合词除外)  poison 毒药  ratsbane  老鼠药 □ baneful  adj.  □ banefully  adv.   [Old English bana, from Germanic]

baneberry /ˈbeinb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of several plants of the genus Actaea 类叶升麻属植物 2  the bitter poisonous berry of these plants 类叶升麻属植物的浆果(味苦，有毒)

bang /bæŋ/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a  a loud short sound 巨响b  an explosion 爆炸声c  the report of a gun 枪声 2  a  a sharp blow 猛击b  the sound of this 猛击声 3 (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer.  a fringe of hair cut straight across the forehead [尤北美]刘海 4 coarse slang  an act of sexual intercourse [粗俗俚语]交媾 5 slang  a drug injection (cf. 参见 BHANG) [俚语]毒品注射 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  strike or shut noisily 猛敲，砰地关上  banged the door shut  砰地关上门 banged on the table  猛敲桌子 2 tr. & intr.  make or cause to make the sound of a blow or an explosion (使)猛击，(使)爆炸 3 tr. esp. N. Amer.  cut (hair) in bangs [尤北美]把(头发)剪成刘海 4 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a intr.  have sexual intercourse 性交b tr.  have sexual intercourse with 与…性交 ●adv.  1  with a bang or sudden impact 砰地，猛烈地 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  exactly [尤英口]正，直接地  bang in the middle  正在中间 □ bang off  Brit. slang  immediately [英] [俚语]立刻，马上□ bang on  Brit. colloq.  exactly right [英口]完全正确，十分恰当□ bang on about   talk tediously and at length about 乏味而冗长地谈论□ go bang   1 (of a door etc.) shut noisily (门等)砰地关上 2  explode 爆炸 3 colloq.  be suddenly destroyed [口]突然被毁  bang went their chances  他们的机会瞬间成为泡影□ go with a bang   go successfully 顺利进行 [16th c.: perhaps from Scandinavian]

banger /ˈbæŋə/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 slang  a sausage [俚语]香肠 2 slang  an old car, esp. a noisy one [俚语] (尤指噪声很大的)旧汽车 3  a loud firework 声音很大的爆竹

Bangkok /ˌbæŋˈkɒk/ n.  曼谷 [泰国首都]

Bangladesh   孟加拉国

Bangladeshi /bæŋɡləˈdeʃi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Bangladeshis)  a native or inhabitant of Bangladesh, in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent 孟加拉国人，孟加拉国居民 ●adj.  of or relating to Bangladesh or its people (有关)孟加拉国的；(有关)孟加拉人的 [Bangladesh + -I2]

bangle /ˈbæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a rigid ornamental band worn round the arm or occasionally the ankle 手镯，脚镯 [Hindi baṅglī ‘glass bracelet’]

bangtail /ˈbæŋteil/ n.  a horse, esp. with its tail cut straight across (尤指尾巴一刀剪齐的)马

bangtail muster n. Austral.  the counting of cattle involving cutting across the tufts at the tail-ends as each is counted [澳]剪尾毛清点

bang-up adj. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 a bang-up job) N. Amer. slang  first-class, excellent [北美] [俚语]第一流的，极好的

banian var.  of BANYAN  BANYAN 的变体

banish /ˈbæniʃ/ v. tr.  1  formally expel (a person), esp. from a country (尤指从某国)放逐，流放，把(人)驱逐出境 2  dismiss from one's presence or mind 开除，赶走，清除 □ banishment  n.   [Middle English from Old English banir, ultimately from the Germanic base of BAN]

banister /ˈbænistə/ n. (also 亦作 bannister)  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the uprights and handrail at the side of a staircase 楼梯栏杆，扶手 2  each of these uprights 栏杆柱 [earlier barrister, corruption of BALUSTER]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BALUSTER. 见 BALUSTER 的用法说明。 

banjo /ˈbændʒəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a stringed musical instrument with a neck and head like a guitar and an open-backed body consisting of parchment stretched over a metal hoop 班卓琴 □ banjoist  n.   [US southern corruption of earlier bandore, ultimately from Greek pandoura ‘three-stringed lute’]

bank1 /bæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the sloping edge of land by a river 河岸b  the area of ground alongside a river 河边  had a picnic on the bank  在河边野餐 2  a raised shelf of ground; a slope 垄，埂；坡 3  an elevation in the sea or a river bed 海底(或河底)隆起部分；沙洲 4  a  the artificial slope of a road etc., enabling vehicles to maintain speed round a curve (公路等)转弯处向内倾斜b  the sideways tilt of an aircraft when turning in flight 飞机转弯时向内倾斜 5  a mass of cloud, fog, snow, etc. (云、雾、雪等)堆，块 6  the edge of a hollow place (e.g. the top of a mine shaft) 凹陷地方的边缘(如井口区) ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  heap or rise into banks 堆集(起来)，积聚(起来) 2 tr.  heap up (a fire) tightly so that it burns slowly 压，闷，封(火) 3  a intr. (of a vehicle or aircraft or its occupant) travel with one side higher than the other in rounding a curve (指车、飞机及其乘客)带坡度转弯，倾斜着行进b tr.  cause (a vehicle or aircraft) to do this 使(车、飞机)倾斜着行进 4 tr.  contain or confine within a bank or banks 筑堤围拦；筑堤防护 5 tr.  build (a road etc.) higher at the outer edge of a bend to enable fast cornering 使(路等)在转弯处外侧高些 [Middle English from Old Norse bakki, from Germanic: related to BENCH]

bank2 /bæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a financial establishment which uses money deposited by customers for investment, pays it out when required, makes loans at interest, exchanges currency, etc. 银行(可借贷、外汇兑换等)b  a building in which this business takes place 银行大楼 2  = PIGGY BANK  3  a  the money or tokens held by the banker in some gambling games 庄家的赌本b  the banker in such games 庄家 4  a place for storing anything for future use 库  blood bank  血库 data bank  数据库 ●v.  1 tr.  deposit (money or valuables) in a bank 把(钱或贵重物品)存入银行 2 intr.  engage in business as a banker 开银行 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with)  keep money (at a bank) 把钱存入(银行) 4 intr.  act as banker in some gambling games (在赌博中)做庄家 □ bank on   rely on 依靠，指望  I'm banking on your help  我指望你的帮助 [originally = a money-dealers' bench or table, from French banque or Italian banca via medieval Latin banca, bancus, from Germanic: related to BANK1, BENCH]

bank3 /bæŋk/ n.  1  a row of similar objects, esp. of keys, lights, or switches (尤指钥匙、灯、开关等的)一排，一组，一套 2  a tier of oars 一排桨 [Middle English via Old French banc from Germanic: related to BANK1, BENCH]

bankable /ˈbæŋkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  certain to bring profit; good for the box office 可获利的，有票房价值的 2  acceptable at a bank 银行可接受的 3  reliable 可靠的  a bankable reputation  可靠的信誉 □ bankability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

bank balance n.  the amount of money held in a bank account at a given moment 银行存款余额

bank bill n.  1 Brit.  a bill drawn by one bank on another [英]银行汇票 2 esp. US [尤美]  = BANKNOTE 

bank book n.  = PASSBOOK 

bank card n.  = CHEQUE CARD 

banker1 /ˈbæŋkə/ n.  1  a person who manages or owns a bank or group of banks 银行家 2  a  a keeper of the bank or dealer in some gambling games (赌博的)庄家b  a card game involving gambling 有赌博性的牌戏 3 Brit.  a result forecast identically (while other forecasts differ) in several football-pool entries on one coupon [英] (足球联赛入选名次赌博中)与结果相符的预测 [French banquier from banque BANK2]

banker2 /ˈbæŋkə/ n.  1  a  a fishing boat off Newfoundland 纽芬兰沿海的渔船b  a Newfoundland fisherman 纽芬兰沿海的渔民 2 Austral. colloq.  a river flooded to the top of its banks [澳口]河水涨满的河 [BANK1 + -ER1]

banker's card n. Brit. [英]  = CHEQUE CARD 

banker's order n. Brit.  an instruction to a bank to pay money or deliver property, signed by the owner or the owner's agent [英]长期委托书

bank holiday n.  a day on which banks are officially closed, (in the UK) usu. kept as a public holiday 银行假日，(英国) (通常为)法定假日

banking /ˈbæŋkiŋ/ n.  the business transactions of a bank 银行业务

bank machine n.  = CASH DISPENSER 

bank manager n.  a person in charge of a local branch of a bank 银行分行经理

banknote /ˈbæŋknəʊt/ n.  a banker's promissory note, esp. from a central bank, payable to the bearer on demand, and serving as money (尤指中央银行发行的)钞票

Bank of England n.  the central bank of England and Wales, issuing banknotes and having the British Government as its main customer 英格兰银行

bankroll /ˈbæŋkrəʊl/ n. & v. orig. N. Amer. [源于北美] ●n.  1  a roll of banknotes 一卷钞票 2  funds 资金 ●v. tr. colloq.  support financially [口]资助

bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  insolvent; declared in law unable to pay debts 破产的，宣布无力还债的b  undergoing the legal process resulting from this 正式破产的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  exhausted or drained (of some quality etc.); deficient, lacking (某种质量)完全丧失的；枯竭的，极度缺乏的 ●n.  1  a  an insolvent person whose estate is administered and disposed of for the benefit of the creditors 破产者b  an insolvent debtor 无偿还能力的人 2  a person exhausted of or deficient in a certain attribute 在某方面极度缺乏的人  a moral bankrupt  道德沦丧的人 ●v. tr.  make bankrupt 使破产；使枯竭 □ bankruptcy  /-ˌrʌptsi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [16th c.: from Italian banca rotta ‘broken bench’ (as BANK2, Latin rumpere rupt- ‘break’)]

banksia /ˈbæŋksiə/ n.  an evergreen flowering shrub of the genus Banksia, native to Australia (澳大利亚)山龙眼 [Sir J. Banks, English naturalist d. 1820]

banksia rose n.  a Chinese climbing rose, Rosa banksiae, with small flowers 木香

bank statement n.  a printed statement of transactions and balance issued periodically to the holder of a bank account (银行定期寄给储户的)银行结单

banner /ˈbænə/ n.  1  a  a large rectangular sign bearing a slogan or design and usu. carried on two side-poles or a crossbar in a demonstration or procession (游行队伍打出通常有两根横竿的)横幅(标语)b  a long strip of cloth etc. hung across a street or along the front of a building etc. and bearing a slogan (建筑物等前面由布等做成的)长条横幅；幌子 2  a slogan or phrase used to represent a belief or principle (表示信仰或准则的)口号 3  a flag on a pole used as the standard of a king, knight, etc., esp. in battle (君主、骑士等尤在战斗中打出的)旗号 4 (作 attrib.) US  excellent, outstanding [美]特别好的，突出的  a banner year in sales  销路特旺的一年 □ join (or follow) the banner of   adhere to the cause of 拥护…的事业，投到…的旗下□ bannered  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French banere, Old French baniere from Romanic, ultimately from Germanic]

banneret /ˈbænərit/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a knight who commanded his own troops in battle under his own banner 方旗骑士 2  a knighthood given on the battlefield for courage 方旗骑士爵位 [Middle English & Old French baneret, from baniere BANNER + -et as -ATE1]

banner headline n.  a large newspaper headline, esp. one across the top of the front page (报纸头版的)通栏大字标题

bannister var.  of BANISTER  BANISTER 的变体

bannock /ˈbænək/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a round flat loaf, usu. unleavened [苏格兰和英格兰北部] (通常死面)大烙饼 [Old English bannuc, perhaps from Celtic]

banns /bænz/ n. pl.  a notice read out on three successive Sundays in a parish church, announcing an intended marriage and giving the opportunity for objections 结婚公告(连续三星期在所属教堂发布，给人以提出异议的机会) □ forbid the banns   raise an objection to an intended marriage, esp. in church following the reading of the banns (尤指在教堂)对结婚公告提出异议 [pl. of BAN]

banquet /ˈbæŋkwit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an elaborate usu. extensive feast (通常丰盛的)筵席 2  a dinner for many people followed by speeches in favour of a cause or in celebration of an event 宴会，盛宴 ●v. (banqueted, banqueting)  1 intr.  hold a banquet; feast 设宴；宴请 2 tr.  entertain with a banquet 设宴招待 □ banqueter  n.   [French, diminutive of banc ‘bench’, BANK2]

banquette /bæŋˈket/ n.  1  an upholstered bench along a wall, esp. in a restaurant or bar (尤指餐馆、酒吧沿墙而设的)长条形软座 2  a raised step behind a rampart 射击踏垛 [French from Italian banchetta, diminutive of banca ‘bench’, BANK2]

banshee /bænˈʃi:, ˈbænʃi:/ n. Ir. & Sc.  a female spirit whose wailing warns of a death in a house [爱尔兰和苏格兰] (报丧)狺女，女妖 [Irish bean sídhe from Old Irish ben síde ‘woman of the fairies’]

bantam /ˈbæntəm/ n.  1  a breed of small domestic fowl, of which the cock is aggressive 矮脚鸡(其雄性好斗) 2  a small but aggressive person 矮小而好斗的人 [apparently from Banten in Java, although the fowl is not native there]

bantamweight /ˈbæntəmweit/ n.  1  a weight in certain sports intermediate between flyweight and featherweight, in the amateur boxing scale 51-4 kg but differing for professional boxers, wrestlers, and weightlifters (某些运动中的)最轻量级体重(在业余拳击为 51 － 54 公斤，职业拳击、摔跤、举重则各异) 2  a boxer etc. of this weight 最轻量级拳击手(摔跤手等)

banter /ˈbæntə/ n. & v. ●n.  good-humoured teasing 善意的逗笑取乐 ●v.  1 tr.  ridicule in a good-humoured way 善意地逗笑取乐 2 intr.  talk humorously or teasingly 开玩笑；逗弄 □ banterer  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

Bantu /bænˈtu:, ˈbæntu:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Bantus)  1 offens. [冒犯]  a  a large group of Negroid peoples of central and southern Africa 班图族b  a member of any of these peoples 班图人 2  the group of languages spoken by them 班图诸语言 ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples (offens.), or languages (有关)班图人的 ([冒犯]) ；(有关)班图诸语的 [Bantu, = people]■Usage 用法说明 Bantu, originally a neutral ‘scientific’ term, became strongly associated with apartheid policies in South Africa and is therefore regarded as offensive with references to the peoples. Bantu 最初是个中性的科学术语，后来与南非的种族隔离政策紧密地连系在一起，因此，在提到班图人时这个词便成了冒犯词语了。 

Bantustan /bæntu:ˈstɑ:n, -ˈstæn/ n. S. Afr. colloq. derog. [南非口] [贬]  = HOMELAND 2  [BANTU + -stan ‘country’, as in Hindustan etc.]

banyan /ˈbæniən, -njən/ n. (also 亦作 banian)  1 (also 亦作 banyan tree)  an Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, the branches of which hang down and root themselves 印度榕树 2  a Hindu trader 印度商人 3  a loose flannel jacket, shirt, or gown worn in India (印度人穿的)宽大法兰绒长袍(或上衣等) [Portuguese banian from Gujarati vɑˉniyo ‘man of trading caste’, from Sanskrit: applied originally to one such tree under which banyans had built a pagoda]

banzai /bænˈzai/ int.  1  a Japanese battle-cry (日本人在打仗时的呐喊)冲呀 2  a form of greeting used to the Japanese emperor 万岁(对天皇的欢呼) [Japanese, = ten thousand years (of life to you)]

baobab /ˈbeiəbæb/ n.  1  an African tree, Adansonia digitata, with an enormously thick trunk and large edible pulpy fruit hanging down on stalks (非洲)猴面包树 2  a related Australian tree, Adansonia gregorii (澳大利亚)格雷戈里猴面包树 [Latin (1592), probably from an African language]

BAOR abbr.  British Army of the Rhine [缩略]英国(驻联邦德国)莱茵军

bap /bæp/ n. Brit.  a soft flattish bread roll [英]大面包卷 [16th c.: origin unknown]

baptism /ˈbæptiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the religious rite, symbolizing admission to the Christian Church, of sprinkling or pouring water on to the forehead, or (usu. only with adults) of immersion, generally accompanied by name-giving 浸礼(通常只适用于成人)，洗礼b  the act of baptizing or being baptized 施洗礼(或受洗)的行为 2  an initiation, e.g. into battle (如战争)开始，考验；初次经历 3  the naming of ships, church bells, etc. 命名(船、教堂大钟等) □ baptismal  /-ˈtizm(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ba(p)te(s)me and ecclesiastical Latin baptismus from ecclesiastical Greek baptismos, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptism of fire n.  1  initiation into battle 开始打仗，战火洗礼 2  a painful new undertaking or experience 严峻的考验

baptist /ˈbæptist/ n.  1  a person who baptizes, esp. John the Baptist 施洗者(尤指圣徒约翰) 2 (作 Baptist)  a member of a Protestant Christian denomination advocating baptism only of adult believers by total immersion 浸礼会教徒 [Middle English via Old French baptiste and ecclesiastical Latin baptista from ecclesiastical Greek baptistēs, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptistery /ˈbæptist(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 baptistry /-tri/) (pl. -ies)  1  a  the part of a church used for baptism 教堂洗礼处b hist.  a building next to a church, used for baptism [史义] (附设于教堂的)洗礼堂 2 (in a Baptist chapel) a sunken receptacle used for total immersion (浸礼会教堂内的)洗礼池 [Middle English via Old French baptisterie and ecclesiastical Latin baptisterium from ecclesiastical Greek baptistērion ‘bathing place’, from baptizō BAPTIZE]

baptize /bæpˈtaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  administer baptism to 施洗于… 2  give a name or nickname to; christen 为…命名，给…取名 [Middle English via Old French baptiser and ecclesiastical Latin baptizare from Greek baptizō ‘immerse, baptize’]

bar1 /bɑ:/ n., v. & prep. ●n.  1  a long rod or piece of rigid wood, metal, etc., esp. used as an obstruction, confinement, fastening, weapon, etc. (木、金属等)棍；棒(尤指可用作障碍物、扣拴物、武器等) 2  a  something resembling a bar in being (thought of as) straight, narrow, and rigid (看作)条，块  bar of soap  一条肥皂 bar of chocolate  一块巧克力b  a band of colour or light, esp. on a flat surface (颜色或光尤在平面上的)线条，带c  the heating element of an electric fire 电炉的电阻丝d  = CROSSBAR e Brit.  a metal strip below the clasp of a medal, awarded as an extra distinction [英]奖章上的金属带f  a sandbank or shoal at the mouth of a harbour or an estuary (河口的)沙洲，沙滩g Brit.  a rail marking the end of each chamber in the Houses of Parliament [英]议院中的围栏h Heraldry  a narrow horizontal stripe across a shield 【纹章学】盾上的横条纹 3  a  a barrier of any shape 障碍物，挡板b  a restriction 障碍，限制  colour bar  肤色障碍 a bar to promotion  晋升障碍 4  a  a counter in a public house, restaurant, or café across which alcohol or refreshments are served (出售酒或饮料的)柜台b  a room in a public house in which customers may sit and drink 酒吧间c  a public house 酒店，酒馆d  a small shop or stall serving refreshments 小吃店(摊)  snack bar  小吃店e  a specialized department in a large store 专售某一商品的柜台  heel bar  立等可取的修鞋柜台 5  a  an enclosure in which a prisoner stands in a law court 法庭上犯人站的地方，被告席b  a public standard of acceptability, before which a person is said to be tried 與论的裁决，法庭  bar of conscience  良心的制裁c  a plea arresting an action or claim in a law case 诉讼中要求中止(某项行动或权利)d  a particular court of law 特别法庭 6 Mus. 【音】  a  any of the sections of usu. equal time value into which a musical composition is divided by vertical lines across the staff 小节(通常等音值)b  = BAR LINE  7 (作 the Bar) Law 【法律】  a  barristers collectively (总称)律师界b  the profession of barrister 律师职业 ●v. tr. (barred, barring)  1  a  fasten (a door, window, etc.) with a bar or bars 把(门、窗等)上闩b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out)  shut or keep in or out 关  barred him in  把他关在里边 2  obstruct, prevent 阻挠，阻止  bar his progress  阻止他的进步 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  prohibit, exclude 禁止，排除  bar them from attending  禁止他们出席b  exclude from consideration (cf. 参见 BARRING) 不予考虑 4  mark with stripes 饰条纹于… 5 Law  prevent or delay (an action) by objection 【法律】(通过反对)阻止，拖延(一项行动) ●prep.  1 esp. Brit. except [尤英]  除…外  all were there bar a few  除少数几个都在那儿 2 Brit. Racing except (the horses indicated: used in stating the odds, indicating the number of horses excluded) [英]【赛马】(上边提到的马)除外(在陈述赔率时用)  33 － 1 bar three  33 － 1 ，上边提到的 3 个除外 □ bar none   with no exceptions 没有例外□ be called to the Bar  Brit.  be admitted as a barrister [英]取得律师资格□ be called within the Bar  Brit.  be appointed a Queen's Counsel [英]被任命为皇家律师□ behind bars   in prison 在狱中 [Middle English from Old French barre (n.), barrer (v.), from Romanic]

bar2 /bɑ:/ n. esp. Meteorol.  a unit of pressure, 105 newton per square metre, approx. one atmosphere 【气】巴(压强单位，每平方米 105 牛顿，约 1 个大气压) [Greek baros ‘weight’]

barathea /bærəˈθi:ə/ n.  a fine woollen cloth, sometimes mixed with silk or cotton, used esp. for coats, suits, etc. 巴拉瑟亚呢(混有绸或棉，尤用于做外套、套服等) [19th c.: origin unknown]

Barb /bɑ:b/ abbr. (also 亦作 BARB)  Broadcasters' Audience Research Board [缩略]广播电台听众调查委员会 [acronym]

barb /bɑ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a secondary backward-facing projection from an arrow, fish-hook, etc., angled to make extraction difficult (箭头、鱼钩等的)倒钩 2  a deliberately hurtful remark 故意伤人的话 3  a beardlike filament at the mouth of some fish, e.g. barbel and catfish (某些鱼嘴上的)触须(如鲃、鲇) 4  any one of the fine hairlike filaments growing from the shaft of a feather, forming the vane 羽支 ●v. tr.  1  provide (an arrow, a fish-hook, etc.) with a barb or barbs 给(箭头、鱼钩等)装倒钩 2 (as 作 barbed adj.) (of a remark etc.) deliberately hurtful (话语等)故意伤人的 □ barbless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French barbe from Latin barba ‘beard’]

Barbadian /bɑ:ˈbeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Barbados in the W. Indies 巴巴多斯人，巴巴多斯国民 2  a person of Barbadian descent 巴巴多斯人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Barbados or its people (有关)巴巴多斯岛的，(有关)巴巴多斯人的

Barbados   巴巴多斯

Barbara /ˈbɑ:bərə/   巴巴拉 [人名]

barbarian /bɑ:ˈbɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an uncultured or brutish person; a lout 未开化的人，野蛮人，粗人 2  a member of a primitive community or tribe 原始人 ●adj.  1  rough and uncultured 粗野的，未开化的 2  uncivilized 不文明的 [originally of any foreigner with a different language or customs: French barbarien from barbare (as BARBAROUS)]

barbaric /bɑ:ˈbærik/ adj.  1  brutal; cruel 残忍的；残酷的  flogging is a barbaric punishment  鞭打是一种十分残忍的刑罚 2  rough and uncultured; unrestrained 粗野的，没教养的；无节制的 3  of or like barbarians and their art or taste; primitive (似)原始的；(似)原始人的；(似)原始人艺术的；粗俗的 □ barbarically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French barbarique or Latin barbaricus via Greek barbarikos, from barbaros ‘foreign’]

barbarism /ˈbɑ:bəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the absence of culture and civilized standards; ignorance and rudeness 未开化状态，原始蒙昧状态，无知粗野状态b  an example of this 野蛮行为 2  a word or expression not considered correct; a solecism 不合规范的词语；文理不通 3  anything considered to be in bad taste 粗野的东西 [French barbarisme via Latin barbarismus from Greek barbarismos, from barbarizō ‘speak like a foreigner’, from barbaros ‘foreign’]

barbarity /bɑ:ˈbæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  savage cruelty 野蛮，残忍 2  an example of this 野蛮行径，残忍事例

barbarize /ˈbɑ:bəraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become barbarous 使(变)野蛮，使(变)粗俗 □ barbarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

barbarous /ˈbɑ:b(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  uncivilized 未开化的 2  cruel 残忍的 3  coarse and unrefined 粗鲁的，没有教养的 □ barbarously  adv.  □ barbarousness  n.   [originally of any foreign language or people: from Latin from Greek barbaros ‘foreign’]

Barbary ape /ˈbɑ:b(ə)ri/ n.  a tailless macaque, Macaca sylvana, of N. Africa and Gibraltar 叟猴，无尾(猕)猴(产于北非、直布罗陀) [Barbary, an old name of the western part of N. Africa, ultimately from Arabic barbar BERBER]

barbastelle /bɑ:bəˈstel, ˈbɑ:bəstel/ n.  a bat of the genus Barbastella, esp. B. barbastellus, found rarely in W. Europe 宽耳蝠(尤指欧洲宽耳蝠，罕见于西欧) [French from Italian Barbastello]

barbecue /ˈbɑ:bikju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a meal cooked on an open fire out of doors, esp. meat grilled on a metal appliance 户外烤肉野餐，(尤指户外做的)烤肉b  a party at which such a meal is cooked and eaten 户外烤肉聚会 2  a  the metal appliance used for the preparation of a barbecue 烤具，烤架b  a fireplace, usu. of brick, containing such an appliance (通常砖砌)烤炉 ●v. tr. (barbecues, barbecued, barbecuing)  cook (esp. meat) on a barbecue 在户外烧烤(尤指肉) [Spanish barbacoa from Arawak barbacòa ‘wooden frame on posts’]

barbecue sauce n.  a highly seasoned sauce, usu. containing chillies, in which meat etc. may be cooked (烤肉等)调汁(通常含辣椒)

barbed wire n.  wire bearing sharp pointed spikes close together and used in fencing, or in warfare as an obstruction 有刺铁丝，刺钢丝

barbel /ˈbɑ:b(ə)l/ n.  1  any large European freshwater fish of the genus Barbus, with fleshy filaments hanging from its mouth 鲃(鲃属淡水鱼) 2  such a filament growing from the mouth of any fish 鱼的触须 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin barbellus, diminutive of barbus ‘barbel’, from barba ‘beard’]

barbell /ˈbɑ:bel/ n.  an iron bar with a series of graded discs at each end, used for weightlifting exercises 杠铃 [BAR1 + BELL1]

barber /ˈbɑ:bə/ n. & v. ●n.  a person who cuts men's hair and shaves or trims beards as an occupation; a men's hairdresser (为男子服务的)理发师 ●v. tr.  1  cut the hair of; shave or trim the beard of 给…理发(修面) 2  cut or trim closely 修整  barbered the grass  修剪草地 [Middle English & Anglo-French, via Old French barbeor from medieval Latin barbator -oris, from barba ‘beard’]

barberry /ˈbɑ:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any shrub of the genus Berberis, with spiny shoots, yellow flowers, and ovoid red berries, often grown as hedges 小檗属植物(嫩枝带刺、开黄花、结卵形红果、常作树篱) 2  its berry 小檗属植物的浆果 [Middle English from Old French berberis, of unknown origin: assimilated to BERRY]

barber-shop n.  a popular style of close harmony singing, esp. for four male voices 理发店男声无伴奏重唱(通常为四男声重唱) often 常作 attrib.: barber-shop quartet  理发店四重唱

barber's pole n.  a spirally painted striped red and white pole hung outside barbers' shops as a business sign 理发店旋转标志彩柱

barbet /ˈbɑ:bit/ n.  any small brightly coloured tropical bird of the family Capitonidae, with bristles at the base of its beak (须科)须，拟啄木鸟(喙基部有须) [French from barbe ‘beard’]

barbette /bɑ:ˈbet/ n.  a platform in a fort or ship from which guns can be fired over a parapet etc. without an embrasure 炮座，炮塔(可直接越过护墙发炮) [French, diminutive of barbe ‘beard’]

barbican /ˈbɑ:bik(ə)n/ n.  the outer defence of a city, castle, etc., esp. a double tower above a gate or drawbridge (城、堡等的)外堡，碉楼(尤指城门、吊桥上的双子望楼) [Middle English from Old French barbacane, of unknown origin]

barbie /ˈbɑ:bi/ n. esp. Austral. slang  a barbecue [尤澳] [俚语]一种户外烤肉餐 [abbreviation]

Barbie doll /ˈbɑ:bi/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a doll representing a conventionally attractive young woman 芭比娃娃(代表传统风格的漂亮年轻妇女) 2  a pretty but characterless or passive young woman 漂亮而无个性的年轻妇女 [diminutive of the name Barbara]

bar billiards n. Brit.  a form of billiards in which balls are struck with a cue into holes in the table [英]酒吧台球

barbitone /ˈbɑ:bitəʊn/ n. (US [美] barbital /ˈbɑ:bit(ə)l/)  a sedative drug 巴比妥(一种镇静药) [as BARBITURIC ACID + -ONE, -al as in veronal]

barbiturate /bɑ:ˈbitjʊrət/ n.  any derivative of barbituric acid used in the preparation of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs 巴比土酸盐，巴比妥类药物

barbituric acid /bɑ:biˈtjʊərik/ n. Chem.  an organic acid from which various sedatives and sleep-inducing drugs are derived 【化】巴比土酸 [French barbiturique from German Barbitursɑ¨ure (Sɑ¨ure ‘acid’) from the name Barbara]

barbola /bɑ:ˈbəʊlə/ n. (in full 全称 barbola work)  1  the craft of making small models of fruit, flowers, etc. from a plastic paste (水果、花朵等的)塑料泥制作工艺 2  articles, e.g. mirrors, decorated with such models (如镜子上用塑料泥制作的)黏附装饰 [arbitrary formation from barbotine clay slip for ornamenting pottery]

Barbour /ˈbɑ:bə/ n. (in full 全称 Barbour jacket) propr.  a type of green waxed jacket [商标]巴伯式防水夹克衫 [J. Barbour, name of a draper (d. 1918) in NE England who sold waterproof clothing]

Barbra /ˈbɑ:bərə/   巴巴拉 [人名]

barbule /ˈbɑ:bju:l/ n.  a minute filament projecting from the barb of a feather (鸟类的)羽小支 [Latin barbula, diminutive of barba ‘beard’]

barbwire /bɑ:bˈwaiə/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BARBED WIRE 

barcarole /ˈbɑ:kərəʊl, bɑ:kəˈrəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 barcarolle /-rɒl, -ˈrɒl/)  1  a song sung by Venetian gondoliers 船歌，威尼斯船夫曲 2  music in imitation of this 模拟(威尼斯)船歌的乐曲 [French barcarolle from Venetian Italian barcarola ‘boatman's song’, from barca ‘boat’]

barchan /ˈbɑ:k(ə)n/ n.  a crescent-shaped shifting sand dune 新月形沙丘 [Turkic barkhan]

bar chart n. (also 亦作 bar graph)  a chart or graph using bars to represent quantity 条形图

bar code n.  a machine-readable code in the form of a pattern of stripes printed on and identifying a commodity, used esp. for stock-control 条形码(尤用于库存管理)

bard1 /bɑ:d/ n.  1  a hist.  a Celtic minstrel [史义] (凯尔特)吟游诗人b  the winner of a prize for Welsh verse at an Eisteddfod 威尔士诗歌竞赛会获胜者 2 poet.  a poet, esp. one treating heroic themes [诗] (尤指以英雄事迹为主题的)诗人 □ the Bard (or the Bard of Avon)   Shakespeare 诗人莎士比亚□ bardic  adj.   [Gaelic & Irish bɑˊrd, Welsh bardd, from Celtic]

bard2 /bɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a rasher of fat bacon placed on meat or game before roasting (烤前放在肉类或野味上的)熏肉片 ●v. tr.  cover (meat etc.) with bards 在(肉类等上)放熏肉片 [French barde, originally = horse's breastplate, ultimately from Arabic]

bardy /ˈbɑ:di/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  an edible wood-boring grub [澳]可食用的钻木虫 [Nyungar (and other Aboriginal languages) bardi]

bare /bɛə/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (esp. of part of the body) unclothed or uncovered (尤指身体某处)没穿衣的，没有遮盖的  with bare head  光着头 2  without appropriate covering or contents 没有适当的覆盖物(或内容)的 :a (of a tree) leafless (树)没有树叶的b  unfurnished; empty 未配备家具的，空的  bare rooms  没有家具的房间 the cupboard was bare  食橱里是空的c (of a floor) uncarpeted (指地板)没铺地毯的 3  a  undisguised 没有装扮的，不加掩饰的  the bare truth  赤裸裸的事实b  unadorned 未加装饰的  bare facts  事实真相 4 (作 attrib.)  a  scanty 勉强的，缺乏的  a bare majority  勉强的多数b  mere 最低限度的  bare necessities  最低限度的生活必需品 ●v. tr.  1  uncover, unsheathe 揭露，露出  bared his teeth  露出他的牙齿 2  reveal 暴露  bared his soul  诉说衷情 □ bare of   without 没有□ with one's bare hands   without using tools or weapons 赤手空拳□ bareness  n.   [Old English bœr (n.), barian (v.), from Germanic]

bareback /ˈbɛəbæk/ adj. & adv.  on an unsaddled horse, donkey, etc. (马、驴等)没有鞍(的)；不用鞍(的)

barefaced /bɛəˈfeist/ adj.  undisguised; impudent 没有遮盖的；不戴面具的；厚颜无耻的  barefaced cheek  不要脸面 □ barefacedly  /-ˈfeisidli/ adv.  □ barefacedness  n.  

barefoot /ˈbɛəfʊt/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 barefooted /-ˈfʊtid/)  with nothing on the feet 赤脚(的)

barefoot doctor n.  a paramedical worker with basic medical training, esp. in China (尤指中国的)赤脚医生

bareheaded /bɛəˈhedid/ adj. & adv.  without a covering for the head 光着头(的)

bare-knuckle attrib. adj. (also 亦作 bare-knuckled)  1 (of boxing etc.) wearing no gloves (拳击运动等)不戴手套的 2  severe, implacable 严厉的；不留情的

barely /ˈbɛəli/ adv.  1  only just; scarcely 仅仅，几乎没有  barely escaped  差一点没有逃走 2  scantily 缺乏地，不足地  barely furnished  陈设简陋的房间 3 archaic  openly, explicitly [古义]公开地，明白地

barf /bɑ:f/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. intr.  vomit or retch 呕吐；作呕 ●n.  an attack of vomiting 呕吐 [20th c.: origin unknown]

barfly /ˈbɑ:flai/ n. (pl. -flies) colloq.  a person who frequents bars [口]常去酒吧的人，酒吧油子

barfly jumping n.  the sport of jumping at and sticking to a Velcro-covered wall while wearing a Velcro suit 蹦蹦粘，跳维可牢墙运动(身穿维可牢衫，跳向可粘住自己的维可牢墙)

bargain /ˈbɑ:ɡin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an agreement on the terms of a transaction or sale 买卖协议b  this seen from the buyer's viewpoint 交易  a bad bargain  蚀本生意 2  something acquired or offered cheaply 便宜货 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, for)  discuss the terms of a transaction 讲价钱，讨价还价  expected him to bargain, but he paid up  等着他还价，他却付钱了 bargained with her  同她讲价钱 bargained for the table  为购买桌子讲价钱 □ bargain away   part with for something worthless 廉价出售  had bargained away the estate  低价出售财产□ bargain for (or colloq. [口] on)  (usu. with neg. actual or implied 通常与实际的或隐含的否定词连用)  be prepared for; expect 预料，指望  didn't bargain for bad weather  没有料到会是坏天气 more than I bargained for  我没有料到□ bargain on   rely on 依赖□ drive a hard bargain   be uncompromising in making a bargain 杀价，讲价钱时不退让□ into (US [美] in) the bargain   moreover; in addition to what was expected 而且，另外还□ make (or strike) a bargain   agree a transaction 买卖达成协议□ bargainer  n.   [Middle English from Old French bargaine (n.), bargaignier (v.), probably from Germanic]

bargain basement n.  the basement of a shop where bargains are displayed 地下商场，廉价商品部 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : bargain-basement prices  很低的价格

barge /bɑ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long flat-bottomed boat for carrying freight on canals, rivers, etc. (航行在运河、河流等上的)长平底船，驳船 2  a long ornamental boat used for pleasure or ceremony 大游艇，画舫 3  a boat used by the chief officers of a warship 军舰长官专用艇 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 后常跟 around)  lurch or rush clumsily about 到处冲撞，猛闯 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  a  intrude or interrupt rudely or awkwardly 闯入，打断  barged in while we were kissing  在我们接吻时闯了进来b  collide with 碰撞，冲突  barged into her  与她发生了冲突 3 tr.  convey by barge 用驳船运 [Middle English from Old French, perhaps via medieval Latin barica from Greek baris ‘Egyptian boat’]

bargeboard /ˈbɑ:dʒbɔ:d/ n.  a board (often ornamental) fixed to the gable-end of a roof to hide the ends of the roof timbers (常有装饰的)封檐板 [perhaps from medieval Latin bargus ‘gallows’]

bargee /bɑ:ˈdʒi:/ n. Brit.  a person in charge of or working on a barge [英]驳船船主(或船员)

bargepole /ˈbɑ:dʒpəʊl/ n.  a long pole used for punting barges etc. and for fending off obstacles (驳船等上用的)撑篙 □ would not touch with a bargepole  Brit.  refuse to be associated or concerned with (a person or thing) [英]与(某人或某事)不发生关系

bar graph var.  of BAR CHART  BAR CHART 的变体

barilla /bəˈrilə/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Salsola found chiefly in Spain and Sicily 钾猪毛菜 2  an impure alkali made by burning either this or kelp 钠碱灰，苏打灰，海草灰苏打 [Spanish]

barite /ˈbærait, ˈbɛə-/ n. (also 亦作 baryte)  a mineral form of barium sulphate Also called 亦称作 barytes 重晶石 [BARIUM + -ITE1, -yte form influenced by barytes]

baritone /ˈbæritəʊn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the second lowest adult male singing voice 男中音b  a singer with this voice 男中音歌唱家c  a part written for it 男中音部 2  a  an instrument that is second lowest in pitch in its family 上低音乐器b  its player 上低音乐器弹奏者 ●adj.  second lowest in musical pitch 男中音的，上低音的  baritone saxophone  上低音萨克斯管 [Italian baritono from Greek barutonos, from barus ‘heavy’ + tonos TONE]

barium /ˈbɛəriəm/ n.  1 Chem.  a white reactive soft metallic element of the alkaline earth group (symbol 符 Ba) 【化】(化学元素)钡 2  a mixture of barium sulphate and water, opaque to X-rays, which is given to patients requiring radiological examination of the stomach or intestines (检查肠胃用的)硫酸钡水溶液  barium enema  钡灌肠 barium meal  钡餐 [BARYTA + -IUM]

bark1 /bɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sharp explosive cry of a dog, fox, etc. (狗、狐等的)吠声 2  a sound resembling this cry 似狗叫的声音 ●v.  1 intr. (of a dog, fox, etc.) give a bark (狗、狐等)发出吠声 2 tr. & intr.  speak or utter sharply or brusquely 厉声说话，咆哮 3 intr. colloq.  cough fiercely [口]咳嗽很厉害 4 tr. & intr. US  sell or advertise publicly by calling out; tout [美]大叫大喊招徕顾客；大声叫卖 □ one's bark is worse than one's bite   one is not as ferocious as one appears 貌凶心善；刀子嘴，豆腐心□ bark up the wrong tree   be on the wrong track; make an effort in the wrong direction 找错了目标，问错了对象 [Old English beorcan]

bark2 /bɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the tough protective outer sheath of the trunks, branches, and twigs of trees or woody shrubs 树皮 2  this material used for tanning leather or dyeing material 鞣酸皮；树皮鞣料 ●v. tr.  1  graze or scrape (one's shin etc.) 擦破，刮破(某人的)皮 2  strip bark from (a tree etc.) 剥去(树等的)皮 3  tan or dye (leather etc.) using the tannins found in bark 用树皮鞣料鞣(染) (革等) [Middle English from Old Norse börkr bark-: perhaps related to BIRCH]

bark3 /bɑ:k/ n. poet.  a ship or boat [诗]轻船；(三桅)小帆船，巴克帆船 [= BARQUE]

bark beetle n.  a wood-boring beetle of the family Scolytidae (小蠹科)棘胫小蠹

barkeeper /ˈbɑ:ki:pə/ n. (also 亦作 barkeep) N. Amer. [北美]  1  the owner of a bar 酒吧老板 2  a person serving drinks in a bar 酒吧招待

barkentine esp. US var.  of BARQUENTINE [尤美] BARQUENTINE 的变体

barker /ˈbɑ:kə/ n.  a tout at an auction, sideshow, etc., who calls out for custom to passers-by (在拍卖、杂耍等中)大声招徕顾客的人 [BARK1 + -ER1]

barley /ˈbɑ:li/ n.  1  any of various hardy awned cereals of the genus Hordeum widely used as food and in malt liquors and spirits such as whisky (大麦属)大麦 2  the grain produced from this (cf. 参见 PEARL BARLEY) 大麦粒 [Old English bœrlic (adj.) from bœre, bere ‘barley’]

barleycorn /ˈbɑ:likɔ:n/ n.  1  the grain of barley 大麦粒 2  a former unit of measure (about a third of an inch) based on the length of a grain of barley 巴利肯(古时长度单位，约 1 英寸的 1/3)

barleymow /ˈbɑ:liməʊ/ n. Brit.  a stack of barley [英]大麦堆

barley sugar n.  an amber-coloured sweet made of boiled sugar, traditionally shaped as a twisted stick 大麦棒糖

barley water n.  a drink made from water and a boiled barley mixture 大麦汤

bar line n. Mus.  a vertical line used to mark divisions between bars 【音】小节线

barm /bɑ:m/ n.  1  the froth on fermenting malt liquor 麦芽酒发酵时浮在上边的泡沫 2 archaic or dial.  yeast or leaven [古义] [方]酵母；发酵剂 [Old English beorma]

barmaid /ˈbɑ:meid/ n.  1 Brit.  a woman serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc. [英] (酒吧、旅馆等的)女招待 2 US  a waitress who serves drinks [美]酒吧女侍

barman /ˈbɑ:mən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Brit.  a man serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc. [尤英] (酒吧、旅馆等的)男招待

barmbrack /ˈbɑ:mbræk/ n. (also 亦作 barnbrack /ˈbɑ:n-/) Ir.  soft spicy bread with currants etc. [爱尔兰] (有葡萄干等的)果子面包 [Irish bairin breac ‘speckled cake’]

Barmecide /ˈbɑ:misaid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  illusory, imaginary; such as to disappoint 虚假的，想像的，巴米赛德式的 ●n.  a giver of benefits that are illusory or disappointing 口惠而实不至的人 [the name of a wealthy man in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments who gave a beggar a feast consisting of ornate but empty dishes]

bar mitzvah /bɑ: ˈmitsvə/ n.  1  the religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13 (年满 13 岁的犹太男孩的)成人仪式 2  the boy undergoing this ceremony 举行过成人仪式的男孩 [Hebrew, = son of the commandment]

barmy /ˈbɑ:mi/ adj. (barmier, barmiest) esp. Brit. slang  crazy, stupid [尤英] [俚语]疯狂的，痴呆的 □ barmily  adv.  □ barminess  n.   [earlier = frothy, from BARM]

barn1 /bɑ:n/ n.  1  a large farm building for storing grain etc. or N. Amer. housing livestock (存放谷粒等的)仓舍，谷仓，粮库；[北美]牲口棚 2 derog.  a large plain or unattractive building [贬]大而空空洞洞的建筑 3 N. Amer.  a large shed for storing road or railway vehicles [北美] (停放公路、铁路车辆的)大车棚 [Old English bern, beren from bere ‘barley’ + ern, œrn ‘house’]

barn2 /bɑ:n/ n. Physics  a unit of area, 10-28 square metres, used esp. in particle physics (symbol 符 b) 【物理学】(尤在粒子物理学中的)靶恩(面积单位， 10-28 平方米) [apparently from phrase ‘as big as a barn door’]

Barnaby /ˈbɑ:nəbi/   巴纳比 [人名]

barnacle /ˈbɑ:nək(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various small marine crustaceans of the class Cirripedia which in adult form cling to rocks, ships' bottoms, etc., forming a rough encrustation 藤壶(岩石、船底等处附着的成体甲壳动物) 2  a tenacious attendant or follower who cannot easily be shaken off 难以摆脱的人；纠缠不休的追随者 □ barnacled  adj.   [Middle English bernak (= medieval Latin bernaca), of unknown origin]

barnacle goose n.  an Arctic goose, Branta leucopsis, which winters in N. Europe (冬天出现在北欧的)藤壶雁，白额黑雁 [the bird was formerly thought to hatch from shellfish]

barnbrack var.  of BARMBRACK  BARMBRACK 的变体

barn dance n.  1  an informal social gathering for country dancing, originally in a barn 谷仓舞会 2  a dance for a number of couples forming a line or circle, with couples moving along it in turn 谷仓舞

barney /ˈbɑ:ni/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. colloq.  a noisy quarrel [英口] (大声)吵闹 [perhaps dialect]

barn owl n.  a kind of owl, Tyto alba, frequenting barns 仓鸮

barnstorm /ˈbɑ:nstɔ:m/ v. intr.  1  tour rural districts giving theatrical performances (formerly often in barns) 在农村巡回演出(旧时常在谷仓) 2 N. Amer.  make a rapid tour, esp. for political meetings [北美] (尤指为政治聚会)作短暂的周游 3 N. Amer. Aeron.  give informal flying exhibitions; do stunt flying [北美]【空】作(特技)飞行表演 4 (as 作 barnstorming adj.)  effective in a spectacular or swaggering way 有炫耀效果的 □ barnstormer  n.  

barnyard /ˈbɑ:njɑ:d/ n.  the area around a barn; a farmyard 谷仓周围的场地，场院

barograph /ˈbærəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a barometer that records its readings on a moving chart (自动)气压计 [Greek baros ‘weight’ + -GRAPH]

barometer /bəˈrɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, esp. in forecasting the weather and determining altitude (尤指预报天气、测定海拔的)气压计，晴雨表 2  anything which reflects changes in circumstances, opinions, etc. 反映情况(舆论等)变化的标志 □ barometric  /bærəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ barometrical  /bærəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ barometry  /-mitri/ n.   [Greek baros ‘weight’ + -METER]

baron /ˈbær(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a member of the lowest order of the British nobility (英国贵族最低的一级)男爵b  a similar member of a foreign nobility (外国贵族最低的一级)男爵 2  an important businessman or other powerful or influential person 商业巨头，有影响的人，大亨  sugar baron  糖业大王 newspaper baron  报业大王 3 hist.  a person who held lands or property from the sovereign or a powerful overlord [史义] (由国王、君主敕封领地或财产的)贵族 [Middle English via Anglo-French barun, Old French baron from medieval Latin baro, -onis ‘man, warrior’, of unknown origin]

baronage /ˈbær(ə)nidʒ/ n.  1  barons or nobles collectively 男爵；贵族(总称) 2  an annotated list of barons or peers 男爵(或贵族)人名录 [Middle English from Old French barnage (as BARON)]

baroness /ˈbær(ə)nis/ n.  1  a woman holding the rank of baron either as a life peerage or as a hereditary rank (终身或世袭的)女男爵 2  the wife or widow of a baron 男爵夫人 [Middle English from Old French baronesse (as BARON)]

baronet /ˈbær(ə)nit/ n.  a member of the lowest hereditary titled British order 准男爵(称号世袭地位在男爵之下) [Middle English from Anglo-Latin baronettus (as BARON)]

baronetage /ˈbær(ə)nitidʒ/ n.  1  baronets collectively 准男爵(总称) 2  an annotated list of baronets 准男爵人名录

baronetcy /ˈbær(ə)nitsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the domain, rank, or tenure of a baronet 准男爵的领地(爵位和身份)

baronial /bəˈrəʊniəl/ adj.  of, relating to, or befitting barons (有关)男爵的；适合男爵的

baron of beef n. Brit.  an undivided double sirloin [英]未切开的双侧牛腰肉

barony /ˈbær(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the domain, rank, or tenure of a baron 男爵的领地(爵位和身份) 2 (in Ireland) a division of a county (爱尔兰)分区 3 (in Scotland) a large manor or estate (苏格兰)大庄园 [Middle English from Old French baronie (as BARON)]

baroque /bəˈrɒk, -ˈrəʊk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  highly ornate and extravagant in style, esp. of European art, architecture, and music of the 17th and 18th c. (尤指 17 至 18 世纪，在艺术、建筑、音乐方面)过分雕琢的；巴罗克风格的 2  of or relating to this period (有关)巴罗克风格时期的 ●n.  1  the baroque style 巴罗克风格 2  baroque art collectively 巴罗克艺术(总称) [French (originally = ‘irregular pearl’) from Portuguese barroco, of unknown origin]

baroreceptor /ˈbærəʊriˌseptə/ n. Biol.  a receptor sensitive to changes in pressure 【生】压力感受器 [Greek baros ‘weight’]

barouche /bəˈru:ʃ/ n.  a horse-drawn carriage with four wheels and a collapsible hood over the rear half, used esp. in the 19th c. (尤指 19 世纪在后部带折叠车篷的)四轮大马车 [German (dialect) Barutsche from Italian baroccio, ultimately from Latin birotus ‘two-wheeled’]

bar person n. Brit.  a barmaid or barman [英]酒吧女招待(或男招待)

barque /bɑ:k/ n.  1  a sailing ship with the rear mast fore-and-aft-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts square-rigged 三桅(小)帆船(通常前两桅用方帆) 2 poet.  any boat [诗]小帆船，轻舟 [Middle English from French, probably via Provençal barca from Latin barca ‘ship's boat’]

barquentine /ˈbɑ:k(ə)nti:n/ n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] barkentine)  a sailing ship with the foremast square-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts fore-and-aft-rigged (仅前桅有方帆的)三桅帆船(通常其余两桅带纵帆) [BARQUE on the pattern of brigantine]

barrack1 /ˈbærək/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 , often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  a building or building complex used to house soldiers 兵营 2  any building used to accommodate large numbers of people 可安排大批人的建筑 3  a large building of a bleak or plain appearance 外观简陋的大房子 ●v. tr.  place (soldiers etc.) in barracks 把(士兵等)安排住下 [French baraque from Italian baracca or Spanish barraca ‘soldier's tent’, of unknown origin]

barrack2 /ˈbærək/ v. Brit., Austral. & NZ [英澳新]  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  shout or jeer at (players in a game, a performer, speaker, etc.) (对运动员、表演者、讲话的人等)喝彩 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) (of spectators at games etc.) cheer for, encourage (a team etc.) (看比赛等的观众) (给某队等)喝彩，鼓劲 [probably from N. Irish dialect]

barrack-room lawyer n. Brit.  a pompously argumentative person [英]好争辩的人

barrack square n. Brit.  a drill ground near a barracks [英]营房附近的练兵场

barracouta /bærəˈku:tə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barracoutas)  1  a long slender fish, Thyrsites atun, usu. found in southern oceans 杖鱼(通常生活在南部大洋中) 2 NZ  a small narrow loaf of bread [新]小棒面包 [variant of BARRACUDA]

barracuda /bærəˈku:də/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barracudas)  a large and voracious tropical marine fish of the family Sphyraenidae (热带魣科鱼类)魣(尤指尖吻鲈) [Latin American Spanish barracuda]

barrage /ˈbærɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a concentrated artillery bombardment over a wide area 火力网，掩护炮火 2  a rapid succession of questions or criticisms 一连串的问题(或批评) 3 Brit.  an artificial barrier, esp. in a river [英]水坝(尤指拦河坝) 4  a heat or deciding event in fencing, showjumping, etc. (击剑、骑马超越障碍比赛等的)复赛 [French from barrer (as BAR1)]

barrage balloon n. hist.  a large anchored balloon, often with netting suspended from it, used (usu. as one of a series) as a defence against low-flying aircraft [史义] (防止低空飞机的)阻拦气球(通常为一连串中的一个)

barramundi /bærəˈmʌndi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or barramundis)  any of various Australian freshwater fishes, esp. Lates calcarifer, used as food 澳洲肺鱼(一种淡水食用鱼) [probably Aboriginal (Queensland)]

barrator /ˈbærətə/ n.  1  a malicious person causing discord 存心不良的人，搬弄是非的人 2 hist.  a vexatious litigant [史义]无理取闹的诉讼当事人 [Middle English from Anglo-French baratour, Old French barateor ‘trickster’, from barat ‘deceit’, ultimately from Greek prattein ‘do, perform, manage’]

barratry /ˈbærətri/ n.  1  fraud or gross negligence of a ship's master or crew at the expense of its owners or users (使船主或货主遭受损失的)欺诈行为，失职行为 2 hist.  vexatious litigation or incitement to it [史义]无理取闹的诉讼；诉讼挑唆 3 hist.  trade in the sale of church or state appointments [史义]圣职(或官职)的买卖 □ barratrous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French baraterie (as BARRATOR)]

barre /bɑ:/ n.  a horizontal bar at waist level used in dance exercises 把杆(练习舞蹈用的水平木杆) [French]

barrel /ˈbær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylindrical container usu. bulging out in the middle, traditionally made of wooden staves with metal hoops round them (通常中间凸出的)琵琶桶，桶 2  the contents of this 一桶之量 3  a measure of capacity, usu. varying from 30 to 40 gallons 桶(液量单位，通常在 30 至 40 加仑之间) 4  a cylindrical tube forming part of an object such as a gun or a pen 圆筒形物(如枪杆、笔杆) 5  the belly and loins of a four-legged animal, e.g. a horse (如马的)躯干 ●v. (barrelled, barrelling; US [美] barreled, barreling)  1 tr.  put into a barrel or barrels 把…装桶 2 intr. N. Amer. slang  drive fast [北美] [俚语]高速行驶 □ a barrel of fun (or laughs)  (often with neg. 常与否定词连用) colloq.  a source of much fun or amusement [口]非常有趣□ over a barrel  colloq.  in a helpless position; at a person's mercy [口]处于无能为力的地位，受制于人 [Middle English via Old French baril from medieval Latin barrilus ‘small cask’]

barrel-chested adj.  having a large rounded chest 胸部厚实的

barrel organ n.  a mechanical musical instrument in which a rotating pin-studded cylinder acts on a series of pipe-valves, strings, or metal tongues 手摇风琴

barrel roll n.  an aerobatic manoeuvre in which an aircraft follows a single turn of a spiral while rolling once about its longitudinal axis 横滚

barrel vault n. Archit.  a vault forming a half cylinder 【建】筒形穹顶 □ barrel-vaulted  adj.  

barren /ˈbær(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (barrener, barrenest)  1  a  unable to bear young 不能生育的b  unable to produce fruit or vegetation 不结果实的；不毛的 2  meagre, unprofitable 贫乏的；无利可图的 3  dull, unstimulating 枯燥的，无刺激的 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lacking in 缺乏的；没有的  barren of wit  缺乏智慧 ●n.  a barren tract or tracts of land, esp. (in pl.) in N. America 贫瘠的土地；(用复数) (尤指北美的)荒漠 □ barrenly  adv.  □ barrenness  /ˈbær(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French barai(g)ne, Old French barhaine etc., of unknown origin]

barrette /bæˈret/ n.  a hairslide 发夹 [French, diminutive of BARRE]

barricade /bæriˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  a barrier, esp. one improvised across a street etc. (尤指临时在街道等上安置的)路障；街垒 ●v. tr.  block or defend with a barricade 设置路障(防卫) [French from barrique ‘cask’, from Spanish barrica, related to BARREL]

barrier /ˈbæriə/ n.  1  a fence or other obstacle that bars advance or access 栅栏；障碍物 2  an obstacle or circumstance that keeps people or things apart, or prevents communication 障碍；隔阂  class barriers  阶级壁垒 a language barrier  语言障碍 3  anything that prevents progress or success 阻碍进步(或成功)的任何事物 4 Brit.  a gate at a car park, railway station, etc., that controls access [英] (停车场、火车站等出入口的)检票处 5 colloq. [口]  = SOUND BARRIER  [Middle English from Anglo-French barrere, Old French barriere]

barrier cream n. Brit.  a cream used to protect the skin from damage or infection [英]防护脂，护肤脂

barrier reef n.  a coral reef separated from the shore by a broad deep channel 堡礁

barring /ˈbɑ:riŋ/ prep.  except, not including 除…以外，不包括 [BAR1 + -ING2]

barrio /ˈbæriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city (美国)讲西班牙语的社区 [Spanish, = district of a town]

barrister /ˈbæristə/ n. (in full 全称 barrister-at-law) esp. Brit.  a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate in the higher courts [尤英]有资格出席高等法院的律师 [Middle English, from BAR1, perhaps on the pattern of minister]

bar room n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  a room with a bar selling alcoholic refreshments 酒吧间

barrow1 /ˈbærəʊ/ n.  1 Brit.  a two-wheeled handcart used esp. by street vendors [英] (尤指街道小贩所用)双轮手推车，流动售货车 2  = WHEELBARROW  3  a metal frame with two wheels used for transporting luggage etc. (转运行李等的)双轮车 □ barrowload  n.   [Old English bearwe, from Germanic]

barrow2 /ˈbærəʊ/ n. Archaeol.  an ancient grave mound or tumulus 【考古】古墓；古塚 [Old English beorg, from Germanic]

barrow boy n. Brit.  a boy or man who sells wares from a barrow [英]街头手推车小贩

Barry /ˈbæri/   巴里 [人名]

barré /ˈbærei/ n. Mus.  a method of playing a chord on the guitar etc. with a finger laid across the strings at a particular fret, raising their pitch 【音】(吉他等)食指按弦变音法 [French, past part. of barrer ‘bar’]

bar sinister n.  in popular use, a supposed heraldic sign of bastardy (cf. 参见 bend sinister at BEND2) (表示私生子身份的)纹章斜条

bar stool n.  a tall stool for sitting on at a bar 酒吧间的高脚凳

Bart. /bɑ:t/ abbr. [缩略]  Baronet 

bartender /ˈbɑ:tendə/ n.  a person serving behind the bar of a public house 酒吧间侍者

barter /ˈbɑ:tə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  exchange (goods or services) without using money 以(货物或服务)作交换 2 intr.  make such an exchange 作不用钱的交换，作物物交换 ●n.  trade by exchange of goods 易货贸易 □ barterer  n.   [probably Old French barater: see BARRATOR]

Bartholomew /bɑ:ˈθɒləmju:/   巴塞洛缪 [人名]

bartizan /bɑ:tiˈzæn/ n. Archit.  a battlemented parapet or an overhanging corner turret at the top of a castle or church tower 【建】(城堡上的)箭塔；(教堂顶楼的)角塔 [variant of bertisene, erroneous spelling of bratticing: see BRATTICE]

bar tracery n.  tracery with strips of stone across an aperture 石条窗花格

baryon /ˈbæriɒn/ n. Physics  a subatomic particle that has a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton (i.e. is a nucleon or a hyperon) 【物理学】重子(亚原子粒子，包括核子和超子) □ baryonic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Greek barus ‘heavy’ + -ON]

barysphere /ˈbærisfiə/ n.  the dense interior of the earth, including the mantle and core, enclosed by the lithosphere 地心圈 [Greek barus ‘heavy’ + sphaira ‘sphere’]

baryta /bəˈraitə/ n.  barium oxide or hydroxide 氧化钡；氢氧化钡 □ barytic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [BARYTES, on the pattern of soda etc.]

baryte var.  of BARITE  BARITE 的变体

barytes /bəˈraiti:z/ n.  = BARITE  [Greek barus ‘heavy’, partly assimilated to mineral names in -ites]

barège /bəˈreiʒ, 法 barɛʒ/ n.  a silky gauze made from wool or other material 巴勒吉纱罗 [French from Barèges in SW France, where it was originally made]

basal /ˈbeis(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, at, or forming a base 基础的，位于基部的，构成底部的 2  fundamental 基本的 [BASE1 + -AL]

basal ganglia n. pl. Anat.  a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement 【解】基底神经节

basal metabolism n.  the chemical processes occurring in an organism at complete rest 基础代谢

basalt /ˈbæsɔ:lt, -(ə)lt, bəˈsɔ:lt, -ˈsɒlt/ n.  1  a dark basic volcanic rock whose deposits sometimes form columns 玄武岩 2  a kind of black stoneware resembling basalt 似玄武岩的黑色陶器 □ basaltic  /bəˈsɔ:ltik/ adj.   [Latin basaltes, variant of basanites, from Greek, from basanos ‘touchstone’]

bascule bridge /ˈbæskju:l/ n.  a type of drawbridge which is raised and lowered using counterweights 竖旋桥，升启桥 [French, earlier bacule ‘see-saw’ from battre ‘bump’ + cul ‘buttocks’]

base1 /beis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a part that supports from beneath or serves as a foundation for an object or structure 底，基底，底座b  a notional structure or entity on which something draws or depends (概念的)根据，基础  power base  权力基础 economic base  经济基础 2  a principle or starting point; a basis 原则，出发点；基 3 esp. Mil.  a place from which an operation or activity is directed (尤)【军】基地，根据地，据点 4  a  a main or important ingredient of a mixture (混合物中的)基本成分b  a substance, e.g. water, in combination with which pigment forms paint etc. 媒染剂(如颜料构成颜色等中的水) 5  a substance used as a foundation for make-up 打底用的化妆品 6  a Chem.  a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions 【化】碱(可广义接纳、中和氢离子)b Biochem.  a purine or pyrimidine group as in a nucleotide or nucleic acid 【生化】碱基(核苷酸、核酸中的嘌呤类或嘧啶类) 7 Math.  a number in terms of which other numbers or logarithms are expressed (see 见 RADIX 1) 【数】基数，对数的底 8 Archit.  the part of a column between the shaft and pedestal or pavement 【建】底座 9 Geom.  a line or surface on which a figure is regarded as standing 【几】底边，底面 10 Surveying  a known line used as a geometrical base for trigonometry 【测量学】基线 11 Electronics  the middle part of a transistor separating the emitter from the collector 【电子学】基极 12 Linguistics  a root or stem as the origin of a word or a derivative 【语言学】词根，词基 13 Baseball  etc. one of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run 【棒球】垒 14 Bot. & Zool.  the end at which an organ is attached to the trunk or main part 【植】【动】基部，连接处 15 Heraldry  the lowest part of a shield 【纹章学】盾形纹章的最下部 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  found or establish 把…建立在某种基础之上  a theory based on speculation  建立在推测基础上的理论 his opinion was soundly based  他的看法有充分的根据 2 (foll. by 后跟 at, in, etc.)  station 驻扎  troops were based in Malta  部队驻扎在马耳他 □ get to first base  esp. N. Amer. slang  achieve the first step towards one's objective [尤北美] [俚语]完成了第一步，好的开端□ off base  esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  mistaken 错的 2  unprepared, unawares 没有准备的，没注意到的□ touch base  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  make (personal) contact 取得(个人)联系 [French base or Latin basis ‘stepping, step, pedestal’, from Greek]

base2 /beis/ adj.  1  lacking moral worth; cowardly, despicable 卑劣的；懦弱的；卑鄙的 2  menial 卑下的 3  not pure; alloyed 不纯的，假的；掺入贱金属的  base coin  假钱币 4 (of a metal) not regarded as noble or precious (金属)价值不高的 □ basely  adv.  □ baseness  n.   [Middle English in the sense ‘of small height’, via French bas from medieval Latin bassus ‘short’ (in Latin as a cognomen)]

baseball /ˈbeisbɔ:l/ n.  1  a game played esp. in the US with teams of nine, a bat and ball, and a circuit of four bases which the batter must complete to score (尤指美国)棒球运动 2  the ball used in this game 棒球

baseboard /ˈbeisbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer.  a skirting board [北美]踢脚板

base camp n.  a camp from which expeditions set out or operations are conducted 基地；大本营

basehead /ˈbeished/ n. US slang  a person who habitually takes either of the drugs freebase or crack [美] [俚语]可卡因瘾君子，吸服强效纯可卡因者 [FREEBASE + HEAD]

base hospital n. esp. Austral.  a hospital in a rural area, or (in warfare) removed from the field of action [尤澳]后方医院；(战时)战地医院

BASE jump /beis/ n. & v. (also 亦作 base jump) ●n.  a parachute jump from a fixed point (esp. a high building or promontory) rather than an aircraft 高处定点(从高层建筑或悬崖等)跳伞 ●v. intr.  perform such a jump 高处定点跳伞 □ BASE jumper  n.   [acronym from building, antenna-tower, span, earth, denoting the types of structure used]

baseless /ˈbeislis/ adj.  unfounded, groundless 无根据的，没理由的 □ baselessly  adv.  □ baselessness  n.  

baseline /ˈbeislain/ n.  1  a line used as a base or starting point 基线；起点 2 (in tennis, volleyball, etc.) the line marking each end of a court (网球、排球等的)底线

baseload /ˈbeisləʊd/ n. Brit. Electr.  the permanent load on power supplies etc. [英]【电】(电源等的)基底负载(或负荷)

baseman /ˈbeismən/ n. (pl. -men) Baseball  a fielder stationed near a base 【棒球】守垒员

basement /ˈbeism(ə)nt/ n.  the lowest floor of a building, usu. at least partly below ground level (通常至少部分位于地下的)地下室 [probably Dutch, perhaps from Italian basamento ‘column-base’]

basement membrane n. Anat.  a thin delicate membrane separating the epithelium from underlying tissue 【解】基膜

basenji /bəˈsendʒi/ n. (pl. basenjis)  a smallish hunting dog of a central African breed, which growls and yelps but does not bark 巴森吉猎犬；猴(面)犬(不会吠，产于非洲中部) [Bantu]

base pairing n. Biochem.  complementary binding by means of hydrogen bonds of a purine to a pyrimidine base in opposite strands of nucleic acids 【生化】碱基配对

base rate n. Brit.  the interest rate set by the Bank of England, used as the basis for other banks' rates [英] (英格兰银行制定的)基本利率

bases pl.  of BASE1 , BASIS 

base unit n.  a unit that is defined arbitrarily and not by combinations of other units 基本单位

bash /bæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  strike bluntly or heavily 猛撞；重击b (often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq.  attack violently [口]猛烈地攻击c (often foll. by 常后跟 down, in, etc.)  damage or break by striking forcibly 击毁d esp. N. Amer.  criticize severely [尤北美]严厉地批评 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  collide with 猛撞 ●n.  1  a heavy blow 猛击，重击 2 Brit. colloq.  an attempt [英口]尝试  had a bash at painting  尝试过画画 3 slang  a party or social event [俚语]社交聚会(或活动) [imitative, perhaps from bang, smash, dash, etc.]

bashful /ˈbæʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  shy, diffident, self-conscious 腼腆的，畏缩的，羞怯的 2  sheepish 绵羊般的，温顺的 □ bashfully  adv.  □ bashfulness  n.   [obsolete bash (v.), = ABASH]

basho /ˈbæʃəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a sumo wrestling tournament 相扑锦标赛 [Japanese from ba ‘place’ + shō ‘victory, win’]

BASIC /ˈbeisik/ n.  a computer programming language using familiar English words, designed for beginners and widely used on microcomputers (计算机) BASIC 语言(初学者通用符号指令码) [Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code]

basic /ˈbeisik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  forming or serving as a base 基础的；根本的 2  fundamental 基本的 3  a  simplest or lowest in level 最简单的，最低水平的  basic pay  基本工资 basic requirements  最低要求b  vulgar 粗俗的  basic humour  庸俗幽黙 4 Chem.  having the properties of or containing a base 【化】碱性的，含碱的 5 Geol. (of volcanic rocks etc.) having less than 50 per cent silica 【地质】基性的，(火山岩等)含氧化硅不足 50% 的 6 Metallurgy  designating, involving, or resulting from steel-making processes using lime-rich refractories etc. 【冶金学】(在炼钢过程中用石灰成分多的耐火材料等)碱性的  basic slag  碱性炉渣 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the fundamental facts or principles 基本事实，基本原则 [BASE1 + -IC]

basically /ˈbeisik(ə)li/ adv.  1  fundamentally, essentially 基本上，本质上 2 (qualifying a clause 修饰从句)  in fact, actually 事实上，实际上

basic dye n.  a dye consisting of salts of organic bases 碱性染料

Basic English n.  a simplified form of English limited to 850 selected words, intended for international communication 基本英语(限定 850 个词，供国际交流用)

basic industry n.  an industry of fundamental economic importance 基础工业

basicity /beiˈsisiti/ n. Chem.  the number of protons with which a base will combine 【化】碱度，碱性

basic slag n.  slag containing phosphates formed as a by-product during steel manufacture and used as fertilizer 碱性炉渣

basic wage n.  1  a minimum wage earned before possible additional payments such as overtime etc. 基本工资(不包括加班费等) 2 Austral. & NZ  the minimum living wage, fixed by industrial tribunal [澳新]最低生活标准

basidium /bəˈsidiəm/ n. (pl. basidia /-diə/)  a microscopic spore-bearing structure produced by certain fungi (某些真菌的)担子 [modern Latin from Greek basidion, diminutive of BASIS]

Basil /ˈbæzl/   巴兹尔 [人名]

basil /ˈbæz(ə)l, -zil/ n.  an aromatic herb of the genus Ocimum, esp. O. basilicum (in full 全称 sweet basil), whose leaves are used as a flavouring in savoury dishes 罗勒属植物(尤指罗勒) [Middle English via Old French basile and medieval Latin basilicus from Greek basilikos ‘royal’]

basilar /ˈbæsilə/ adj.  of or at the base (esp. of the skull) (尤指颅骨)基部的，底部的 [modern Latin basilaris (as BASIS)]

basilica /bəˈsilikə, -ˈzil-/ n.  1  an ancient Roman public hall with an apse and colonnades, used as a law court and place of assembly 巴西利卡(古罗马大会堂，用作法院和会议大厅) 2  a similar building used as a Christian church 巴西利卡式基督教堂 3  a church having special privileges from the Pope (享有教皇特权的)天主教大教堂 □ basilican  adj.   [Latin from Greek basilikē (oikia, stoa) ‘royal (house, portico)’ from basileus ‘king’]

basilisk /ˈbæzilisk/ n.  1  a mythical reptile with a lethal breath and look 蛇怪 2  any small American lizard of the genus Basiliscus, with a crest from its back to its tail (王蜥属)王蜥 3 Heraldry 【纹章学】  = COCKATRICE 2  [Middle English via Latin basiliscus from Greek basiliskos ‘little king, serpent’]

basin /ˈbeis(ə)n/ n.  1  a  = WASHBASIN b  a wide round open container, esp. one for preparing food in or for holding water (尤指盛食品、水的)盆，水盆，面盆 2  a hollow rounded depression 水洼，水坑 3  any sheltered area of water where boats can moor safely 船坞 4  a round valley 盆地 5  an area drained by rivers and tributaries 流域 6 Geol. 【地质】  a  a rock formation where the strata dip towards the centre 凹地b  an accumulation of rock strata formed in this dip as a result of subsidence and sedimentation (由沉积形成的)盘层 □ basinful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English via Old French bacin from medieval Latin ba(s)cinus, perhaps from Gaulish]

basipetal /beiˈsipit(ə)l/ adj. Bot. (of each new part produced) developing nearer the base than the previous one did 【植】(新生出的部分)向基的，向基部生长的 □ basipetally  adv.   [BASIS + Latin petere ‘seek’]

basis /ˈbeisis/ n. (pl. bases /-si:z/)  1  the foundation or support of something, esp. an idea or argument (尤指思想、辩论的)基础，根据 2  the main or determining principle or ingredient 基本原则，主要部分  on a purely friendly basis  按纯粹友好的原则 3  the starting point for a discussion etc. (讨论等的)起点 [Latin from Greek, = BASE1]

bask /bɑ:sk/ v. intr.  1  sit or lie back lazily in warmth and light (坐或躺着)取暖；晒太阳  basking in the sun  晒太阳 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  derive great pleasure (from) (从…)得到极大乐趣  basking in glory  处于一片赞扬之中 [Middle English, apparently from Old Norse: related to BATHE]

basket /ˈbɑ:skit/ n.  1  a container made of interwoven cane etc. (用籐条等编制的)篮，篓，筐 2  a container resembling this 篮状容器 3  the amount held by a basket 一篮(或一篓、一筐)之量 4  the goal in basketball, or a goal scored (篮球的)篮筐；投篮得分 5 Econ.  a group or range (of currencies) 【经】一组(货币) 6 Brit. euphem. colloq.  bastard [英婉] [口]杂种，私生子 □ basketful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Anglo-French & Old French basket, Anglo-Latin baskettum, of unknown origin]

basketball /ˈbɑ:skitbɔ:l/ n.  1  a game between two teams of five, in which goals are scored by making the ball drop through hooped nets fixed high up at each end of a court 篮球运动 2  the ball used in this game 篮球

basket case n. colloq. offens. [口] [冒犯]  1  a person who has lost both arms and legs 失去四肢的人 2  something regarded as hopeless, esp. a bankrupt country or a helpless person 处于无助境况的人(或事) (尤指国家崩溃、个人无能力)

basket-maker n.  a person who makes baskets 编篮子的人 □ basket-making  n.  

basketry /ˈbɑ:skitri/ n.  1  the art of making baskets 编篮工艺 2  baskets collectively 篮子(总称)

basket weave n.  a weave resembling that of a basket 方平织法

basketwork /ˈbɑ:skitwɜ:k/ n.  1  material woven in the style of a basket 编织物品 2  the art of making this 编织艺术

basking shark n.  a very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, which feeds on plankton and often lies near the surface of the sea 姥鲨

basmati /bæsˈmɑ:ti, -z-/ n. (in full 全称 basmati rice)  a kind of long-grain Indian rice, with a delicate nutty flavour 印度香米 [Hindi, = fragrant]

basophilic /beizə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj. Biol. (of a cell etc.) readily stained with basic dyes 【生】(细胞等)嗜碱性的

Basque /bæsk, bɑ:sk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people of the western Pyrenees 巴斯克人 2  the language of this people 巴斯克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Basques or their language (有关)巴斯克人的；(有关)巴斯克语的 [French from Latin Vasco -onis]

basque /bæsk, bɑ:sk/ n.  a close-fitting bodice extending from the shoulders to the waist and often with a short continuation below waist level 巴斯克(女子紧身)衫 [origin unknown: perhaps allusively from BASQUE, referring to Basque dress]

bas-relief /ˈbæsrili:f, ˈbɑ:(s)-/ n. Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = low relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief 浅浮雕品(雕刻等) [earlier basse relieve from Italian basso-rilievo ‘low relief’: later altered to French form]

bass1 /beis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the lowest adult male singing voice 男低音b  a singer with this voice 男低音歌手c  a part written for it 男低音部 2  the lowest part in harmonized music 和声乐曲中的最低部分 3  a  an instrument that is the lowest in pitch in its family 低音乐器b  a player of such an instrument 低音乐器弹奏者 4 colloq. [口]  a  a bass guitar or double bass 低音吉他，低音提琴b  a player of this instrument 低音吉他(或提琴)弹奏者 5  the low-frequency output of a radio, record player, etc., corresponding to the bass in music (收音机、电唱机等的)低频效果 ●adj.  1  lowest in musical pitch 低音的 2  deep-sounding 声音低沉的 □ bassist  n. (in sense 4b of n. 用于名词释义 4b)   [alteration of BASE2 influenced by BASSO]

bass2 /bæs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or basses)  1  the common European freshwater perch 巴斯鱼；淡水鲈鱼 2  a  a similar marine fish, Dicentrarchus labrax of European waters 欧洲狼鲈b  a related N. American fish of the genus Morone 北美石鮨属鱼 3 (in full 全称 sea bass)  a similar marine fish of the family Serranidae, esp. of the genus Centropristis 海鲈(尤指锯鮨属鱼) 4 (in full 全称 black bass)  an American freshwater fish of the genus Micropterus (北美)黑鲈 [earlier barse from Old English bœrs]

bass3 /bæs/ n.  = BAST  [alteration of BAST]

bass clef n.  a clef placing F below middle C on the second highest line of the staff 低音谱号， F 谱号

basset /ˈbæsit/ n. (in full 全称 basset-hound)  1  a sturdy hunting dog of a breed with a long body, short legs, and big ears 短脚猎狗 2  this breed 短脚猎狗种犬 [French, diminutive of bas basse ‘low’: see BASE2]

basset-horn /ˈbæsithɔ:n/ n.  an alto clarinet in F, with a dark tone 巴塞特(单簧)管 [German, translation of French cor de bassette, from Italian corno di bassetto from corno ‘horn’ + bassetto, diminutive of basso BASE2]

bassinet /bæsiˈnet/ n.  a child's wicker cradle, usu. with a hood 婴儿摇篮(通常有盖) [French, diminutive of bassin BASIN]

basso /ˈbæsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or bassi /-si/)  a singer with a bass voice 男低音歌手 [Italian, = BASS1]

bassoon /bəˈsu:n/ n.  1  a  a bass instrument of the oboe family, with a double reed 巴松管，大管，低音管b  a player of this instrument 巴松管演奏者 2  an organ stop with the quality of a bassoon 有巴松效果的音栓 □ bassoonist  n. (in sense 1a 用于释义 1a)   [French basson from bas BASS1]

basso profundo /prəˈfʌndəʊ/ n. (pl. basso profundos or bassi profundi /-di/)  a bass singer with an exceptionally low range 深沉男低音歌手 [Italian: BASSO + profondo ‘deep’]

basso-relievo /ˌbæsəʊriˈli:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 basso-rilievo /-riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os) Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = low relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief 浅浮雕品(雕刻等) [Italian basso-rilievo]

bass viol n.  1  a  a viola da gamba 古大提琴b  a player of this instrument 古大提琴演奏者 2 US  a double bass [美]低音提琴

basswood /ˈbæswʊd/ n.  1  the American lime, Tilia americana (美洲)椴树 2  the wood of this tree 椴木 [BASS3 + WOOD]

bast /bæst/ n.  the inner bark of lime, or other flexible fibrous bark, used as fibre in matting etc. (树木的)韧皮部(作为铺地等用的纤维) [Old English bœst, from Germanic]

bastard /ˈbɑ:stəd, ˈbæst-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 archaic or offens.  a person born of parents not married to each other [古义] [冒犯]私生子，非婚生子 2 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  an unpleasant or despicable person 讨厌的人，可鄙的人b  a person of a specified kind 家伙，某一特定类型的人  poor bastard  可怜的家伙 rotten bastard  讨厌的家伙 lucky bastard  幸运的人 3 coarse slang  a difficult or awkward thing, undertaking, etc. [粗俗俚语]麻烦(讨厌)的事情(任务等) ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1 archaic or offens.  born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate [古义] [冒犯]私生的，野种的；不合法的 2 (of things 事物) : a  unauthorized, counterfeit 非权威的，假冒的b  hybrid 杂种的 □ bastardy  n. (in sense 1 of n. archaic 用于名词古义释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin bastardus, perhaps from bastum ‘packsaddle’: cf. Old French fils de bas(t) ‘packsaddle son’ (son of a mule driver etc. using a packsaddle for a pillow)]

bastardize /ˈbɑ:stədaiz, ˈbæst-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  declare (a person) illegitimate 宣告(某人)为私生子 2  corrupt, debase 使退化，使变低劣 □ bastardization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

baste1 /beist/ v. tr.  moisten (meat) with gravy or melted fat during cooking (烤炙时)在(肉上)滴(或抹)油脂 [15th c.: origin unknown]

baste2 /beist/ v. tr.  stitch loosely together in preparation for sewing; tack 粗缝；用粗缝针脚缝 [Middle English from Old French bastir ‘sew lightly’, ultimately from Germanic]

baste3 /beist/ v. tr.  beat soundly; thrash 狠揍，鞭打 [perhaps figurative use of BASTE1]

bastille /bæˈsti:l/ n. hist.  a fortress or prison [史义]监狱，堡塔 [Middle English via Old French from Provençal bastir ‘build’: the name of the fortress and prison in Paris, destroyed in 1789]

bastinado /bæstiˈneidəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  punishment by beating with a stick on the soles of the feet (打脚掌的)笞刑 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  punish (a person) in this way 对(某人)用笞刑 [Spanish bastonada from bastón BATON]

bastion /ˈbæstiən/ n.  1  a projecting part of a fortification built at an angle of, or against the line of, a wall 棱堡 2  a thing regarded as protecting 设防工事；堡垒  bastion of freedom  自由的堡垒 3  a natural rock formation resembling a bastion 棱堡状岩层 [French from Italian bastione, from bastire ‘build’]

basuco /bəˈsu:kəʊ/ n.  a highly addictive impure form of cocaine 巴祖可(一种不纯可卡因，易上瘾) [Colombian Spanish]

bat1 /bæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an implement with a handle, usu. of wood and with a flat or curved surface, used for hitting balls in games (通常木制)球拍，球板 2 Cricket  a turn at using this 【板球】轮到击球 3  a batsman, esp. in cricket, usu. described in some way (尤指在板球运动中通常具有某种打法的)击球手  an excellent bat  一位优秀击球手 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an object like a table tennis bat used to guide aircraft when taxiing 球拍状手控信号盘 ●v. (batted, batting)  1 tr.  hit with or as with a bat (似)用球拍打 2 intr.  take a turn at using a bat; have an innings at cricket, baseball, etc. 用球拍击球；(在板球、棒球等运动中)轮到击球 □ bat around   1 slang  potter aimlessly [俚语]闲逛 2  discuss (an idea or proposal) 讨论(意见、建议)□ off one's own bat  Brit.  unprompted, unaided [英]自发的；没有援助的，全凭自己的□ right off the bat  N. Amer.  immediately [北美]马上，立即 [Old English batt ‘club’, perhaps partly from Old French batte, from battre ‘strike’]

bat2 /bæt/ n.  1  any mouselike nocturnal mammal of the order Chiroptera, capable of flight by means of membranous wings extending from its forelimbs (翼手目)蝙蝠 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 old bat) derog.  a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant [贬] (尤指难看的)妇女 □ have bats in the belfry   be eccentric or crazy 行为乖张，想法荒诞□ like a bat out of hell   very fast 极快地 [16th c., alteration of Middle English bakke from Scandinavian]

bat3 /bæt/ v. tr. (batted, batting)   □ not (or never) bat an eyelid (or eye)  colloq.  show no reaction or emotion [口]没有反应；不露感情 [variant of obsolete bate ‘flutter’]

batch /bætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a number of things or persons forming a group or dealt with together 一批，一群，一组 2  an instalment 一期，一集  have sent off the latest batch  已发出了最新的一期 3  the loaves produced at one baking 一炉烘出的面包 4 (作 attrib.)  using or dealt with in batches, not as a continuous flow 分批的  batch production  分批生产 5 Computing  a group of records processed as a single unit 【计算】(一组)批处理数据 ●v. tr.  arrange or deal with in batches 成批处理；批处理 [Middle English, ultimately from Old English bacan BAKE]

batch processing n.  1  the performance of an industrial process on material in batches 成批处理 2 Computing  the processing of previously collected data or jobs in batches, esp. automatically 【计算】(尤指自动)批处理

bate /beit/ n. (also 亦作 bait) Brit. slang  a rage; a cross mood [英] [俚语]狂怒，怒气冲冲  is in an awful bate  在大发雷霆 [BAIT = state of baited person]

bateau /ˈbætəʊ/ n. (pl. bateaux /-əʊz/)  a light riverboat, esp. of the flat-bottomed kind used in Canada (尤指加拿大的一种)平底船；轻舟 [French, = boat]

bated /ˈbeitid/ adj.   □ with bated breath   very anxiously 非常担心 [past part. of obsolete bate (v.) ‘restrain’, from ABATE]

bateleur /ˈbæt(ə)lɜ:/ n.  a short-tailed African eagle, Terathopius ecaudatus (非洲)短尾鹫 [French, = juggler]

Batesian mimicry /ˈbeitsiən/ n. Zool.  mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by predators 【动】贝茨氏拟态 [H.W. Bates, English naturalist d. 1892, + -IAN]

bath /bɑ:θ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. baths /bɑ:ðz/)  1  a  a container for liquid, usu. water, used for immersing and washing the body (通常盛水的)浴缸，浴盆b  this with its contents 放了水的浴盆  your bath is ready  洗澡水给你准备好了 2  the act or process of immersing the body for washing or therapy 洗澡，沐浴  have a bath  洗一个澡 take a bath  洗一个澡 3  a  a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed, esp. when undergoing a process such as film developing etc. (尤指胶片显影等用的)药液盆b  this with its contents 盛有药液的浴器 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a building with baths or a swimming pool, usu. open to the public (通常向公众开放、具有游泳池的)公共澡堂 5 esp. N. Amer.  a bathroom [尤北美]浴室 ●v.  1 tr.  wash (esp. a person) in a bath (尤指给某人)洗澡 2 intr.  take a bath 洗个澡 [Old English bœth, from Germanic]

Bath bun /bɑ:θ/ n. Brit.  a round yeast bun with currants, topped with granules of sugar [英] (顶有糖霜的)巴思圆面包，果子面包 [Bath in S. England, where it was originally made]

bath chair /bɑ:θ/ n. esp. hist.  a kind of wheelchair for invalids [尤史义]巴思椅；轮椅 [Bath in S. England, named for its hot springs, thought to have curative powers]

bath cube n. Brit.  a cube of compacted bath salts [英]压缩浴盐块

bathe /beið/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  immerse oneself in water, esp. (Brit.) to swim or (esp. N. Amer.) to wash oneself 浸泡；[尤英]游泳；[尤北美]洗澡，沐浴 2 tr.  a  immerse in or wash or treat with liquid esp. for cleansing or medicinal purposes (尤指以净身或治疗为目的的)浸洗b N. Amer.  wash (esp. a person) in a bath [北美] (尤指给人)洗澡 3 tr. (of sunlight etc.) envelop (太阳光等)包住，沐浴 ●n.  an act of immersing oneself or part of the body in liquid, esp. to swim or cleanse 浸泡(尤指游泳或净身) [Old English bathian, from Germanic]

bather /ˈbeiðə/ n.  1  a person who bathes 洗澡的人 2 (in pl. 用复数) Austral.  a bathing costume [澳]游泳衣，泳装

bathhouse /ˈbɑ:θhaʊs/ n.  a building with baths for public use 澡堂

bathing suit n. (also Brit. [亦英] bathing costume)  a garment worn for swimming 游泳衣，泳装

bath mat n.  1  a mat for standing on after getting out of the bath 浴室地垫 2  a rubber mat put in the bottom of a bath to prevent slipping 浴盆底垫

batholith /ˈbæθəliθ/ n.  a dome of igneous rock extending inwards to an unknown depth 岩基 [German from Greek bathos ‘depth’ + -LITH]

Bath Oliver /bɑ:θ ˈɒlivə/ n. Brit. propr.  a kind of savoury biscuit [英] [商标]巴思的奥利弗饼干 [Dr W. Oliver of Bath (d. 1764), who invented it]

bathometer /bəˈθɒmitə/ n.  an instrument used to measure the depth of water 水深测量器 [Greek bathos ‘depth’ + -METER]

bathos /ˈbeiθɒs/ n.  1  an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the absurd or trivial 突降，由高尚突然降到荒诞渺小 2  a commonplace or ridiculous feature offsetting an otherwise sublime situation; an anticlimax 高贵的情景突然降到平庸可笑；突降法 □ bathetic  /bəˈθetik/ adj.  □ bathotic  /bəˈθɒtik/ adj.   [Greek, = depth]

bathrobe /ˈbɑ:θrəʊb/ n.  a loose coat usu. of towelling worn esp. before and after taking a bath; a dressing gown (通常为毛巾质地、洗澡前后穿的)浴衣；睡袍

bathroom /ˈbɑ:θru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a  a room containing a bath and usu. other washing facilities (通常还包括其他洗浴用具的)浴室b  bathroom fitments or units esp. as sold together (通常一起售出的)整体浴室 2 esp. N. Amer.  a room containing a lavatory [尤北美]厕所间

bath salts n. pl.  soluble salts used for softening or scenting bathwater 浴盐

bathtub /ˈbɑ:θtʌb/ n.  = BATHn. 1 

bathwater /ˈbɑ:θwɔ:tə/ n.  the water in a bath 洗澡水

bathymetry /bəˈθimitri/ n.  the measurement of depth of water in seas, lakes, etc. (海、湖等的)水深测量 □ bathymeter  n.  □ bathymetric  /bæθiˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + -METRY]

bathyscaphe /ˈbæθiskæf/ n.  a manned vessel for deep-sea diving (载人)深水探海艇 [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + skaphos ‘ship’]

bathysphere /ˈbæθisfiə/ n.  a spherical vessel for deep-sea observation 探海球，深海球形观测器 [Greek bathus ‘deep’ + SPHERE]

batik /ˈbætik, bəˈti:k/ n.  a method (originally used in Java) of producing coloured designs on textiles by applying wax to the parts to be left uncoloured; a piece of cloth treated in this way (源于爪哇的)巴蒂克印花法，蜡防印花法；蜡防印花布 [Javanese, = painted]

batiste /bəˈti:st/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fine linen or cotton cloth (上等)细亚麻布，细棉布 ●adj.  made of batiste 细亚麻布做的，细棉布做的 [French (earlier batiche), perhaps related to battre BATTER1]

batman /ˈbætmən/ n. (pl. -men) Mil. (in the British forces) an attendant serving an officer 【军】(英国部队中的)传令兵，勤务兵 [Old French bat, bast from medieval Latin bastum ‘packsaddle’ + MAN]

baton /ˈbæt(ə)n/ n.  1  a thin stick used by a conductor to direct an orchestra, choir, etc. (指挥乐队、合唱队等用的)指挥棒 2 Athletics  a short stick or tube carried and passed on by the runners in a relay race 【竞技】(接力赛中用的)接力棒 3  a long stick carried and twirled by a drum major (军乐队指挥用的)金属指挥杖 4  a staff of office or authority, esp. a field marshal's 官杖，权杖(尤指陆军元帅节杖) 5 esp. Brit.  a police officer's truncheon [尤英]警棍 6 Heraldry  a narrow truncated bend 【纹章学】(盾形纹章从左上方至右下方的)短棒状条纹 7  a short bar replacing some figures on a clock-face etc. (钟表面等上代表数字的)短棒状线条 [French bɑˆton, baston, ultimately from Late Latin bastum ‘stick’]

baton round n. Brit.  a rubber or plastic bullet used esp. in riot control [英] (尤用于制止暴乱的)橡皮子弹，塑料子弹

batrachian /bəˈtreikiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a frog or toad; an anuran 蛙；蟾蜍；无尾目动物 ●adj.  of or relating to frogs or toads (有关)蛙的；(有关)蟾蜍的 [Greek batrakhos ‘frog’]

bats /bæts/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯疯癫癫的 [from the phrase have bats in the belfry: see BAT2]

batsman /ˈbætsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who bats or is batting, esp. in cricket (尤指板球运动中的)击球手 2  a signaller using bats to guide aircraft on the ground (地面上用球拍状手控信号盘指挥飞机降落的)信号员 □ batsmanship  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  

Batswana  see 见 TSWANA 

battalion /bəˈtæliən/ n.  1  a large body of troops ready for battle, esp. an infantry unit forming part of a brigade (尤指步兵)营 2  a large group of people pursuing a common aim or sharing a major undertaking (有共同目的、从事共同工作的)队伍 [French bataillon from Italian battaglione, from battaglia BATTLE]

battels /ˈbæt(ə)lz/ n. pl. Brit.  an Oxford college account for expenses, esp. for board and the supply of provisions [英] (牛津大学)学杂费账(尤指膳宿费账) [perhaps from obsolete battle (v.) ‘fatten’ from obsolete battle (adj.) ‘nutritious’: cf. BATTEN2]

batten1 /ˈbæt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long flat strip of squared timber or metal, esp. used to hold something in place or as a fastening against a wall etc. (尤指压住物品或固定在墙等上的)板条，压条 2  a strip of wood used for clamping the boards of a door etc. (固定门板等用的)木条 3 Naut.  a strip of wood or metal for securing a tarpaulin over a ship's hatchway 【海】(固定舱口油布用的)木板条(或金属条) ●v. tr.  strengthen or fasten with battens 用板条加固(或固定) □ batten down the hatches   1 Naut.  secure a ship's tarpaulins 【海】封舱 2  prepare for a difficulty or crisis 对困难(或危机)做好准备 [Old French batant, part. of batre ‘beat’, from Latin battuere]

batten2 /ˈbæt(ə)n/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  thrive or prosper at another's expense 损人利己，自肥 [Old Norse batna ‘get better’ from bati ‘advantage’]

Battenberg /ˈbæt(ə)nbɜ:ɡ/ n. esp. Brit.  a kind of oblong cake, usu. of two colours of sponge and covered with marzipan [尤英] (通常双色、上有杏仁糖霜的)椭圆形松糕 [Battenberg in Germany]

batter1 /ˈbætə/ v.  1  a tr.  strike repeatedly with hard blows, esp. so as to cause visible damage (尤指引起有形损失)击毁，捣毁b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, at, etc.)  strike repeated blows; pound heavily and insistently 连续击打，猛击  batter at the door  使劲砸门 2 tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  a  handle roughly, esp. over a long period (尤指长时间)粗鲁使用b  censure or criticize severely 抨击，严厉批评 □ batterer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French baterer and Old French batre ‘beat’ from Latin battuere]

batter2 /ˈbætə/ n.  1  a fluid mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water, used in cooking, esp. for pancakes and for coating food before frying (面粉、鸡蛋、牛奶和水调制的)面糊 2 Printing  an area of damaged type 【印刷】字面磨损处 [Middle English via Anglo-French batour from Old French bateüre, from batre: see BATTER1]

batter3 /ˈbætə/ n. Sport  a player batting, esp. in baseball 【运动】(尤指棒球)击球员

batter4 /ˈbætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wall etc. with a sloping face (墙等)内倾 2  a receding slope 后倾斜 ●v. intr.  have a receding slope 向后倾斜 [16th c.: origin unknown]

battered /ˈbætəd/ adj. (esp. of fish) coated in batter and deep-fried (尤指鱼)裹面炸的

battered baby n.  an infant that has suffered repeated violence from adults, esp. its parents (尤指受父母虐待的)受虐儿童

battered wife n.  a wife subjected to repeated violence by her husband (常受丈夫毒打的)受虐妻子

battering ram n.  1  a hist.  a heavy beam, originally with an end in the form of a carved ram's head, used in breaching fortifications [史义]攻城槌(一根大梁木，一头刻成山羊头状)b  a similar object, used to break down doors 撞门槌，大槌 2  a means of forceful persuasion 强迫人接受的手段

battery /ˈbæt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a usu. portable container of a cell or cells carrying an electric charge, as a source of current (通常为便携式)电池；电池组 2 (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  a series of cages for the intensive breeding and rearing of poultry or cattle [尤英]层架式鸡笼，层架式家禽饲养笼，饲养成批菜牛的牛舍 3  a set of similar units of equipment, esp. connected (尤指相连的)一套，一组 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an extensive series, sequence, or range 一系列，一序列，一批 5  a series of tests, esp. psychological 成套检测(尤指心理) 6  a  a fortified emplacement for heavy guns 炮台b  an artillery unit of guns, men, and vehicles 炮组；炮兵连；辎重车队 7 Law  an act, including touching, inflicting unlawful personal violence on another person, even if no physical harm is done 【法律】殴打 8 Baseball  the pitcher and the catcher 【棒球】投手；接手 [French batterie from batre, battre ‘strike’ from Latin battuere]

batting /ˈbætiŋ/ n.  1  the action of hitting with a bat 拍打 2  cotton wadding prepared in sheets for use in quilts etc. (用在被中等的)棉花胎，棉套，棉絮

batting average n.  1 Cricket  a batsman's runs scored per completed innings 【板球】每局的得分 2 Baseball  a batter's safe hits per time at bat 【棒球】安全打(率)

batting order n.  the order in which people act or take their turn, esp. of batsmen in cricket or baseball (尤指在板球或棒球运动中的)击球次序

battle /ˈbæt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a prolonged fight between large organized armed forces 战斗，战役 2  a contest; a prolonged or difficult struggle 竞赛，奋斗，斗争  life is a constant battle  生活就是不停奋斗 a battle of wits  智斗 ●v.  1 intr.  struggle; fight persistently 奋斗，斗争  battled against the elements  同自然环境的斗争 battled for women's rights  为妇女的权利而斗争 2 tr.  fight (one's way etc.) 奋力打开(一条路等) 3 tr. N. Amer.  engage in battle with [北美]与…战斗，作战 □ half the battle   the key to the success of an undertaking 成功的关键□ battler  n.   [Middle English from Old French bataille, ultimately from Late Latin battualia ‘gladiatorial exercises’, from Latin battuere ‘beat’]

battleaxe /ˈbæt(ə)læks/ n.  1  a large axe used in ancient warfare 战斧 2 colloq.  a formidable or domineering older woman [口]悍妇，专权的老女人

battlebus /ˈbæt(ə)lbʌs/ n.  a bus or coach used as a mobile operational centre during an election campaign 竞选流动车，选举巡回车

battlecruiser /ˈbæt(ə)lkru:zə/ n. hist.  a heavy-gunned ship faster and more lightly armoured than a battleship [史义]战列巡洋舰

battle-cry n.  a cry or slogan of participants in a battle or contest 战斗中的喊杀声；比赛中的加油声(或口号)

battledore /ˈbæt(ə)ldɔ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a (in full 全称 battledore and shuttlecock)  a game played with a shuttlecock and rackets 板羽球游戏b  the racket used in this 板羽球球板 2  a kind of wooden utensil like a paddle, formerly used in washing, baking, etc. (旧时用于洗衣、烘烤等的)洗衣板，烘烤板 [Middle English, perhaps from Provençal batedor ‘beater’ from batre ‘beat’]

battledress /ˈbæt(ə)ldres/ n. archaic [古义]  = COMBAT DRESS 

battle fatigue n.  = COMBAT FATIGUE 

battlefield /ˈbæt(ə)lfi:ld/ n. (also 亦作 battleground /-ɡraʊnd/)  the piece of ground on which a battle is or was fought 战场

battlement /ˈbæt(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a parapet with recesses along the top of a wall, as part of a fortification 城垛，雉堞 2  a section of roof enclosed by this 围有雉碟的屋顶  walking on the battlements  在房顶平台上走 □ battlemented  adj.   [Old French bataillier ‘furnish with ramparts’ + -MENT]

battle royal n. (pl. battles royal)  1  a battle in which several combatants or all available forces engage; a free fight 恶战，混战 2  a heated argument 激烈的争论

battleship /ˈbæt(ə)lʃip/ n.  a warship with the heaviest armour and the largest guns 战列舰

battue /bəˈt(j)u:/ n.  1  a  the driving of game towards hunters by beaters 哄赶猎物b  a shooting party arranged in this way 哄赶狩猎 2  wholesale slaughter 大屠杀 [French, fem. past part. of battre ‘beat’, from Latin battuere]

batty /ˈbæti/ adj. (battier, battiest) slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的 □ battily  adv.  □ battiness  n.   [BAT2 + -Y1]

batwing /ˈbætwiŋ/ attrib. adj. (esp. of a sleeve or a flame) shaped like the wing of a bat (尤指袖子或火焰)蝙蝠式的

batwoman /ˈbætwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female attendant serving an officer in the British women's services (英国军队中的)女官员；女办事员 [as BATMAN + WOMAN]

bauble /ˈbɔ:b(ə)l/ n.  1  a showy trinket or toy of little value 小装饰品；小玩意儿 2  a baton formerly used as an emblem by jesters (旧时用作小丑标志的)笨伯杖 [Middle English from Old French ba(u)bel ‘child's toy’, of unknown origin]

baud /bəʊd, bɔ:d/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or bauds) Computing etc. 【计算】  1  a unit used to express the speed of electronic code-signals, corresponding to one information unit per second 波特(表示电码传送速度的单位，即每秒传送一个符号) 2 (loosely) a unit of data-transmission speed of one bit per second 波特(数据传送单位，即每秒一比特) [J. M. E. Baudot, French engineer d. 1903]

Bauhaus /ˈbaʊhaʊs/ n.  1  a German school of architectural design (1919 － 33) (德国)包豪斯建筑学院 2  its principles, based on functionalism and development of existing skills 包豪斯建筑学派 [German from Bau ‘building’ + Haus ‘house’]

baulk /bɔ:lk, bɔ:k/ v. & n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] balk) ●v.  1 intr.  a  refuse to go on 拒绝继续前行b (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  hesitate 犹豫不决，畏缩 2 tr.  a  thwart, hinder 妨碍，阻止b  disappoint 使失望，使落空 3 tr.  a  miss, let slip (a chance etc.) 失去，错过(机会等)b  ignore, shirk 忽视；逃避 ●n.  1  a hindrance; a stumbling block 阻碍；障碍 2  a  a roughly squared timber beam 方木，方梁b  a tie-beam of a house 系梁，梁木 3 Billiards  etc. the D-shaped area on a billiard table from which a player begins a game 【台球】开球面，开球区 4 Baseball  an illegal action made by a pitcher 【棒球】投球手做的违例动作 5  a ridge left unploughed between furrows 垄，埂 [Old English balc via Old Norse bɑˊlkr from Germanic]

baulky /ˈbɔ:lki, ˈbɔ:ki/ adj. (also esp. US [亦尤美] balky) (-ier, -iest)  reluctant, perverse 不情愿的，倔强的 [BAULK + -Y1]

bauxite /ˈbɔ:ksait/ n.  a claylike mineral containing varying proportions of alumina, the chief source of aluminium 铝土矿 □ bauxitic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [French from Les Baux near Arles in SE France (where it was found) + -ITE1]

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Bavaria in Germany, its people, or their dialect (有关)巴伐利亚的；(有关)巴伐利亚人的；(有关)巴伐利亚方言的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Bavaria 巴伐利亚人，巴伐利亚居民 2  the dialect of German used there 巴伐利亚方言

bawd /bɔ:d/ n.  a woman who runs a brothel 鸨母，妓院老板 [Middle English bawdstrot from Old French baudetrot, baudestroyt ‘procuress’]

bawdy /ˈbɔ:di/ adj. & n. ●adj. (bawdier, bawdiest)  humorously indecent or coarse 粗俗的，下流的 ●n.  bawdy talk or writing 猥亵的话语(或文章) □ bawdily  adv.  □ bawdiness  n.   [BAWD + -Y1]

bawdy house n.  a brothel 妓院

bawl /bɔ:l/ v.  1 tr.  speak or call out noisily 声嘶力竭地喊叫 2 intr.  weep loudly 放声大哭 □ bawl out  colloq.  reprimand angrily [口]大声训斥 [imitative: cf. medieval Latin baulare ‘bark’, Icelandic baula (Swedish böla) ‘to low’]

bay1 /bei/ n.  1  a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards 海湾 2  a recess in a mountain range 山脉的凹进处 [Middle English via Old French baie from Old Spanish bahia]

bay2 /bei/ n.  1 (in full 全称 bay laurel or bay tree)  a laurel, Laurus nobilis, having deep green leaves and purple berries also called 亦称作 sweet bay 月桂树 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a wreath made of bay leaves, for a victor or poet 桂冠；荣誉 [Old French baie from Latin baca ‘berry’]

bay3 /bei/ n.  1  a space created by a window-line projecting outwards from a wall (装窗的)房间突出部分 2  a recess; a section of wall between buttresses or columns, esp. in the nave of a church etc. 壁凹；(尤指教堂等中殿的)分隔间 3  a compartment 舱  bomb bay  炸弹舱 4  an area specially allocated or marked off 专用的分隔区  sickbay  船上病室，船上医疗室 loading bay  装货场 5 Brit.  the terminus of a branch line at a railway station also having through lines, usu. at the side of an outer platform [英] (通常位于外站台边的)尽头式站台(线) [Middle English via Old French baie, from ba(y)er ‘gape’, from medieval Latin batare]

bay4 /bei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of a horse) dark reddish brown (尤指马)深红色的，枣红色的 ●n.  a bay horse with a black mane and tail (黑鬃黑尾)枣红马 [Old French bai from Latin badius]

bay5 /bei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of a large dog) bark or howl loudly and plaintively (尤指大狗)狂吠，大叫 2 tr.  bay at 对…大叫 ●n.  the sound of baying, esp. in chorus from hounds in close pursuit 狗叫声(尤指追猎时狗的齐叫声) □ at bay   1  cornered, apparently unable to escape 被围地，逃不了地 2  in a desperate situation 处于绝境□ bring to bay   gain on in pursuit; trap 把猎物围住、困住□ hold (or keep) at bay   hold off (a pursuer) 使(追捕者)无法接近□ stand at bay   turn to face one's pursuers 作困兽斗 [Middle English via Old French bai, baiier ‘bark’ from Italian baiare, of imitative origin]

bayberry /ˈbeiberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a N. American shrub, Myrica cerifera, having aromatic leaves and bearing berries covered in a wax coating Also called 亦称作 wax myrtle 宾州杨梅 [BAY2 + BERRY]

bay laurel  see 见 BAY2 1 

bay leaf n.  the aromatic (usu. dried) leaf of the bay tree, used in cooking (通常干的)月桂叶

bayonet /ˈbeiənit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stabbing blade attachable to the muzzle of a rifle 枪上的刺刀 2  an electrical or other fitting engaged by being pushed into a socket and twisted 卡栓，卡钉 ●v. tr. (bayoneted, bayoneting)  stab with a bayonet 用刺刀刺 [French baïonnette, perhaps from Bayonne in SW France, where they were first made]

bayou /ˈbaiu:/ n.  a marshy offshoot of a river etc. in the southern US (美国南部河流等的)牛轭湖，长沼 [Louisiana French, from Choctaw bayuk]

bay rum n.  a perfume, esp. for the hair, distilled originally from bayberry leaves in rum (尤指用于头发的)月桂油

Bay State n. US  Massachusetts [美]海湾州(美国马萨诸塞州的别称)

bay tree  see 见 BAY2 1 

bay window n.  a window built into a bay 凸窗

bazaar /bəˈzɑ:/ n.  1  a market in an oriental country (一些东方国家中的)街市，集市，市场 2  a fund-raising sale of goods, esp. for charity 募捐销售(尤指义卖) 3  a large shop selling fancy goods etc. (卖花哨商品等的)大商场 [Persian bɑˉzɑˉr, probably through Turkish and Italian]

bazooka /bəˈzu:kə/ n.  1  a tubular short-range rocket launcher used against tanks (巴祖卡反坦克)火箭筒 2  a crude trombone-like musical instrument 简陋长号(一种乐器) [apparently from bazoo ‘mouth’, of unknown origin]

B. & B. abbr. (also 亦作 b. & b.)  bed and breakfast [缩略]住宿及早餐；膳宿

BB abbr. Brit.  double-black (pencil lead) [缩略] [英] 2B(铅笔心)

BBC abbr.  British Broadcasting Corporation [缩略]英国广播公司

BBC English n.  English as supposedly pronounced by BBC announcers 英国广播公司播音员讲的英语

BBFC abbr.  British Board of Film Classification (formerly British Board of Film Censors) [缩略]英国电影分类局(从前叫英国电影审查局)

bbl. abbr.  barrels (esp. of oil) [缩略] (尤指石油)桶

BBQ abbr. [缩略]  barbecue 

BBSRC abbr. (in the UK) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [缩略] (英国)生物工艺学与生物科学研究委员会

BC abbr.  British Columbia [缩略] (加拿大)不列颠哥伦比亚省

BC abbr. (of a date) before Christ [缩略] (时间)公元前

BCD n. Computing  a code representing decimal numbers as a string of binary digits 【计算】二进制编码的十进制 [abbreviation of binary coded decimal]

BCE abbr.  before the Common Era [缩略]公元前

B-cell n. Physiol. 【生理】  = B-LYMPHOCYTE 

BCG abbr.  Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an antituberculosis vaccine [缩略]卡介菌

BD abbr.  Bachelor of Divinity [缩略]神学士

Bde abbr. [缩略]  Brigade 

bdellium /ˈdeliəm/ n.  1  any of various trees, esp. of the genus Commiphora, yielding resin 产树脂植物(尤指没药属植物) 2  this fragrant resin used in perfumes 没药树脂 [Latin via Greek bdellion from Hebrew bĕdhōlaḥ]

Bdr. abbr. Brit. (before a name) Bombardier [缩略] [英] (在名字前)炮手，炮兵军士

BDS abbr.  Bachelor of Dental Surgery [缩略]牙科学士

BE abbr. [缩略]  1  Bachelor of Education 教育学士 2  Bachelor of Engineering 工学士 3  bill of exchange 汇票

Be symb. Chem.  the element beryllium [符]【化】(化学元素)铍

be /bi:/ v. & v. aux. (sing. present am /æm, əm/; are /ɑ:, ə/; is /iz/; pl. present are; 1st and 3rd sing. past was /wɒz, wəz/; 2nd sing. past and pl. past were /wɜ:, wə/; present subjunctive be; past subjunctive were; pres. part. being; past part. been /bi:n, bin/) ●v. intr.  1 (often prec. by 常前接 there)  exist; live 存在，活着  I think, therefore I am  我思故我在 there once was a man  从前有一个人 there is a house on the corner  街角有一幢房子 there was no doubt  没有疑问 2  a  occur; take place 出现，发生  dinner is at eight  宴会在 8 点举行b  occupy a position in space 占据，在  he is in the garden  他在花园里 have you been to Paris?  你去过巴黎吗？ 3  remain, continue 仍然，继续  let it be  随它去 4  linking subject and predicate, expressing 连接主语和表语，表示 :a  identity 身份  she is the person  她就是这种人 today is Thursday  今天是星期四b  condition 状况  he is ill today  他今天病了c  state or quality 状态，性质  he is very kind  他很慈祥 they are my friends  他们是我的朋友d  opinion 看法  I am against hanging  我反对绞刑e  total 总数  two and two are four  2 加 2 等于 4f  cost or significance 费用；意义  it is £ 5 to enter  要进去得花 5 英镑 it is nothing to me  此事于我无足轻重 ●v. aux.  1  with a past participle to form the passive mood 与过去分词组成被动语态  it was done  做完了 it is said  据说 we shall be helped  我们将会得到帮助 2  with a present participle to form continuous tenses 与现在分词组成进行时  we are coming  我们来了 it is being cleaned  它正在被打扫 3  with an infinitive to express duty or commitment, intention, possibility, destiny, or hypothesis 与不定式连用，表示责任(许诺、打算、可能、命中注定、假设)  I am to tell you  我应该告诉你 we are to wait here  我们约定在这儿等 he is to come at four  他打算在 4 点钟来 it was not to be found  不可能找到它 they were never to meet again  他们决不会再见面 if I were to die  我要是去死的话 4 archaic  with the past participle of intransitive verbs to form perfect tenses [古义]与不及物动词的过去分词连用构成完成时  the sun is set  太阳落了 Babylon is fallen  巴比伦王国已湮灭 □ be about   occupy oneself with 正忙于  is about his business  正忙他的事□ be at   occupy oneself with 正忙于  what is he at?  他正在忙什么？ mice have been at the food  老鼠正吃东西□ been (or been and gone) and  slang  an expression of protest or surprise [俚语]竟然(表示抗议或吃惊)  he's been and taken my car!  他竟然开走了我的车！□ be off  colloq.  go away; leave [口]走开，离开□ be that as it may   see 见 MAY □ -to-be   of the future 未来的 in comb. 用于复合词 : bride-to-be  未来的新娘 [Old English beo(m), (e)am, is, (e)aron; past tense from Old English wœs from wesan ‘to be’; there are numerous Germanic cognates]

be- /bi/ prefix forming verbs 构成动词 :  1 (from transitive verbs 由及物动词构成)  a  all over; all round (beset 包围 ; besmear 涂抹) 全面，到处b  thoroughly, excessively (begrudge 妒忌 ; belabour 痛骂) 完全，格外 2 (from intransitive verbs 由不及物动词构成)  expressing transitive action (bemoan 悲叹 ; bestride 跨越) 表示及物动作 3 (from adjectives and nouns) expressing transitive action (befool 愚弄 ; befoul 弄脏) (加于形容词或名词上)表示及物动作 4 (from nouns 加于名词上)  a  affect with (befog 使迷惑) 由…侵袭，以…影响b  treat as (befriend 援助) 视为c (forming adjectives in -ed)  having; covered with (bejewelled 镶以珠宝的 ; bespectacled 戴眼镜的) (构成 -ed 结尾的形容词)具有，以…覆盖着 [Old English be-, weak form of bī BY, as in bygone, byword, etc.]

BEA abbr.  British Epilepsy Association [缩略]英国癫痫症学会

beach /bi:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a pebbly or sandy shore esp. of the sea between high and low water marks 沙滩(尤指海滩) ●v. tr.  1  run or haul up (a boat etc.) on to a beach 拖(船等)上岸 2 (as 作 beached adj.) (of a whale etc.) stranded out of the water (鲸等)搁浅的 [16th c.: origin unknown]

beach ball n.  a large inflated ball for games on the beach 海滩气球，浮水气球

beach buggy n.  a low wide-wheeled motor vehicle for recreational driving on sand 海滩汽车

beachcomber /ˈbi:tʃkəʊmə/ n.  1  a vagrant who lives by searching beaches for articles of value 海滩捡漂浮物的流浪汉 2  a long wave rolling in from the sea 拍岸浪

beachfront /ˈbi:tʃfrʌnt/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SEAFRONT 

beachhead /ˈbi:tʃhed/ n. Mil.  a fortified position established on a beach by landing forces 【军】滩头堡，登陆场 [on the pattern of bridgehead]

Beach-la-mar /bi:tʃləˈmɑ:/ n. Brit.  an English-based Creole language spoken in the W. Pacific [英] (西太平洋地区说的)洋泾浜英语 [corruption from Portuguese bicho do mar BÊCHE-DE-MER ‘sea cucumber’ (traded as a commodity: the word then applied to the language of trade)]

beach plum n.  1  a maritime N. American shrub, Prunus maritima 海滨李 2  its edible fruit 海滨李的果实

beachside /ˈbi:tʃsaid/ attrib. adj.  next to the beach 海滩边的  beachside tavernas  海滨餐馆

beachwear /ˈbi:tʃwɛə/ n.  clothing suitable for wearing on the beach 海滨服装

beacon /ˈbi:k(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a fire or light set up in a high or prominent position as a warning etc. (用于报警等的)烽火b Brit. (now often in place names) a hill suitable for this [英] (现常用于地名)适合点烽火的山 2  a visible warning or guiding point or device (e.g. a lighthouse, navigation buoy, etc.) 信号设备(如灯塔、航标等) 3  a radio transmitter whose signal helps fix the position of a ship or aircraft 无线电信标 4 Brit. [英]  = BELISHA BEACON  [Old English bēacn, from West Germanic]

bead /bi:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small usu. rounded and perforated piece of glass, stone, etc., for threading with others to make jewellery, or sewing on to fabric, etc. (通常圆形的玻璃、宝石等的)珠子；(织物等上的)穿孔挂饰b (in pl. 用复数)  a string of beads; a rosary 一串珠子，念珠 2  a drop of liquid; a bubble 液体的一滴；气泡 3  a small knob in the foresight of a gun (枪上的)圆形准星 4  the inner edge of a pneumatic tyre that grips the rim of the wheel (汽车轮胎的)胎边，胎圈 5 Archit. 【建】  a  a moulding like a series of beads 一串珠饰b  a narrow moulding with a semicircular cross-section 凸圆线脚 ●v.  1 tr.  furnish or decorate with beads 用珠装饰(点缀) 2 tr.  string together 把…串起来 3 intr.  form or grow into beads 形成(或长成)珠子 □ draw a bead on   take aim at 瞄准□ tell one's beads   use the beads of a rosary etc. in counting prayers 拨弄着念珠(佛珠等)祈祷□ beaded  adj.   [originally = ‘prayer’ (for which the earliest use of beads arose) : Old English gebed from Germanic, related to BID]

beading /ˈbi:diŋ/ n.  1  decoration in the form of or resembling a row of beads, esp. lacelike looped edging 小珠饰(尤指花边状网眼边饰) 2 Archit.  a bead-moulding 【建】串珠饰，串珠状缘饰 3  the bead of a tyre (轮胎的)胎边，胎圈

beadle /ˈbi:d(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a ceremonial officer of a church, college, etc. [英] (教堂、学院等的)仪仗官，礼仪前导官 2 Sc.  a church officer attending on the minister [苏格兰] (侍奉教士的)教区执事 3 Brit. hist.  a minor parish officer dealing with petty offenders etc. [英史义] (处理日常事务等的)执事 □ beadleship  n.   [Old English bydel and Old French bedel, ultimately from Germanic]

beadsman /ˈbi:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist. [史义]  1  a pensioner provided for by a benefactor in return for prayers 为他人祈祷求福者 2  an inmate of an almshouse 济贫院收容的受济人

beadwork /ˈbi:dwɜ:k/ n.  decorative work in beads 珠饰品

beady /ˈbi:di/ adj. (beadier, beadiest)  1 (of the eyes) small, round, and bright (眼)晶亮如珠的，杏眼的，有神的 2  covered with beads or drops 饰有珠子的；表面有泡沫的 □ beadily  adv.  □ beadiness  n.  

beady-eyed adj.  1  having beady eyes 杏眼的 2  observant 机警的，目光锐利的

beagle /ˈbi:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small hound of a breed with a short coat, used for hunting hares 小猎兔犬b  this breed 小猎兔种犬 2 hist.  an informer or spy; a constable [史义]密探，告密者；警官 ●v. intr. (often as 常作 beagling n.)  hunt with beagles 用猎犬追猎 □ beagler  n.   [Middle English from Old French beegueule ‘noisy person’, probably from beer ‘open wide’ + gueule ‘throat’]

beak1 /bi:k/ n.  1  a  a bird's horny projecting jaws; a bill 喙，鸟嘴b  the similar projecting jaw of other animals, e.g. a turtle (如乌龟的)喙状嘴 2 slang  a hooked nose [俚语]钩状鼻 3 Naut. hist.  the projection at the prow of a warship 【海】[史义] (战舰的)冲撞角 4  a spout 水壶的嘴 □ beaked  adj.  □ beaky  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bec from Latin beccus, of Celtic origin]

beak2 /bi:k/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a magistrate 地方治安官 2  a schoolmaster 男校长 [19th c.: probably from criminals' slang]

beaker /ˈbi:kə/ n.  1 Brit.  a tall drinking vessel, usu. of plastic and tumbler-shaped [英] (通常塑料制，似平底玻璃杯状的)高脚酒杯 2  a lipped cylindrical glass vessel for scientific experiments (科学实验用的)烧杯 3 archaic or literary  a large drinking vessel with a wide mouth [古义] [文学用语]宽口大酒杯 [Middle English from Old Norse bikarr, perhaps from Greek bikos ‘drinking bowl’]

Beaker Folk n. Archaeol.  a people thought to have come to Britain from central Europe in the early Bronze Age, named after beaker-shaped pottery found in their graves 【考古】宽口陶器人

be-all and end-all n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) colloq.  the whole being or essence [口]全部，主要因素

beam /bi:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or room, usu. to support the structure above (通常支撑上部结构的) (横)梁 2  a  a ray or shaft of light 光线，光柱b  a directional flow of particles or radiation (粒子或射线的)束 3  a bright look or smile 笑容，喜色 4  a  a series of radio or radar signals as a guide to a ship or aircraft (导航用无线电或雷达的)射束，波束b  the course indicated by this 射束指示的航道  off beam  偏离射束指示的航道；不正确的 5  the crossbar of a balance 秤杆 6  a  a ship's breadth at its widest point 船宽b  the width of a person's hips (esp. 尤用于 broad in the beam 臀部肥大的) 臀围 7 (in pl. 用复数)  the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship supporting the deck and joining the sides 船的横梁 8  the side of a ship 船舷  land on the port beam  从靠码头的一侧上岸 9  the chief timber of a plough 犁柄 10  the cylinder in a loom on which the warp or cloth is wound 织轴 11  the main stem of a stag's antlers (鹿角的)主干 12  the lever in an engine connecting the piston rod and crank (发动机的)传动杆 13  the shank of an anchor 锚柄 ●v.  1 tr.  emit or direct (light, radio waves, etc.) 散发(光)；定向发射(无线电波等) 2 intr.  a  shine 照耀b  look or smile radiantly 满面笑容，满面春风 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, down) (in science fiction 在科幻小说中)  a intr.  travel from one point to another along an invisible beam of energy 在不可见的能柱上从一点到另一点b tr.  transport in this way 在不可见的能柱上运送 □ a beam in one's eye   a fault that is greater in oneself than in the person one is finding fault with (see Matt. 7:3) 自身的重大缺点(见《马太福音》 7:3)□ off (or off the) beam  colloq.  mistaken [口]错的□ on the beam  colloq.  on the right track [口]正确□ on the beam-ends  (of a ship) on its side; almost capsizing (船)侧倾几乎要翻□ on one's beam-ends   near the end of one's resources 快把钱财用完，十分拮据 [Old English bēam ‘tree’, from West Germanic]

beam-compass n. (also 亦作 beam-compasses pl.)  compasses with a beam connecting sliding sockets, used for large circles 长臂圆规

beamer /ˈbi:mə/ n. Cricket colloq.  a ball bowled at a batsman's head 【板球】[口] (投手投出的)高球

beamy /ˈbi:mi/ adj. (of a ship) broad-beamed (船)船身宽的

bean /bi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any kind of leguminous plant with edible usu. kidney-shaped seeds in long pods 菜豆类植物(通常结腰子形豆)b  one of these seeds 豆 2  a similar seed of coffee and other plants 咖啡豆 3 slang  the head, esp. as a source of common sense [俚语]头，脑袋(尤作为常识的源泉) 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; with neg. 与否定词连用) US slang  anything at all [美] [俚语]一点，丝毫  doesn't know beans about it  对此毫无所知 ●v. tr. esp. N. Amer. slang  hit on the head [尤北美] [俚语]击中头部 □ full of beans  colloq.  lively; in high spirits [口]生气勃勃，兴高采烈□ not a bean  Brit. slang  no money [英] [俚语]没有钱□ old bean  Brit. slang  a friendly form of address, usu. to a man [英] [俚语]老兄，老家伙(通常对男人的称呼) [Old English bēan, from Germanic]

beanbag /ˈbi:nbæɡ/ n.  1  a small bag filled with dried beans and used esp. in children's games (尤指小孩玩的)豆子袋 2  a large cushion filled usu. with polystyrene beads and used as a seat (通常装聚苯乙烯球粒的)豆袋坐垫

bean-counter n. orig. US colloq. derog. [源于美口] [贬]  1  an accountant (esp. one who is obsessed with returns on investments) 统计专家(尤指迷恋投资收益的人) 2  a penny-pincher 吝啬鬼，花钱节俭的人

bean curd n.  jelly or paste made from beans, used esp. in Asian cookery (尤指亚洲烹饪用的)豆腐

beanery /ˈbi:nəri/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. slang  a cheap restaurant [北美] [俚语]大众饭店，经济菜馆

beanfeast /ˈbi:nfi:st/ n. Brit. colloq.  a celebration, originally an annual dinner with colleagues; any festive occasion or merry time [英口]豆子宴；盛宴，欢庆 [BEAN + FEAST, beans and bacon being regarded as an indispensable dish]

bean goose n.  a grey goose, Anser fabalis, breeding in the Arctic 豆雁

beanie /ˈbi:ni/ n.  a small close-fitting hat worn on the back of the head 豆形帽，无檐便帽 [perhaps from BEAN ‘head’ + -IE]

beano /ˈbi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. slang  a celebration; a party [英] [俚语]庆祝会，聚会 [abbreviation of BEANFEAST]

beanpole /ˈbi:npəʊl/ n.  1  a stick for supporting bean plants 支撑豆藤的杆子 2 colloq.  a tall thin person [口]瘦高个子

bean sprout n.  a sprout of a bean seed, esp. of the mung bean, used as food (尤指绿豆)豆芽

beanstalk /ˈbi:nstɔ:k/ n.  the stem of a bean plant 豆茎

bear1 /bɛə/ v. (past bore /bɔ:/; past part. borne, born /bɔ:n/)  1 tr.  carry, bring, or take (esp. visibly) (尤指明显地)携，带，拿  bear gifts  带来礼物 2 tr.  show; be marked by; have as an attribute or characteristic 显示，怀有，有…特点  bear marks of violence  有暴力的迹象 bears no relation to the case  与这个案件无关 bore no name  没有名字 3 tr.  a  produce, yield (fruit etc.) 产，结(果等)b  give birth to 生育  has borne a son  生了一个儿子 was born last week  出生于上星期 4 tr.  a  sustain (a weight, responsibility, cost, etc.) 承受，支撑，负担(重量、责任、费用等)b  stand, endure (an ordeal, difficulty, etc.) 忍受，经受(考验、困难等) 5 tr. (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定词或疑问词连用)  a  tolerate; put up with 容忍，忍受  can't bear him  忍受不了他 how can you bear it?  你怎么能容忍这种事？b  admit of; be fit for 容许，适宜于  does not bear thinking about  不堪设想 6 tr.  carry in thought or memory 牢记，记住  bear a grudge  怀恨在心 7 intr.  veer in a given direction 往…方向拐  bear left  向左拐 8 tr.  bring or provide (something needed) 提供(所需东西)  bear him company  陪伴他 9 refl.  behave (in a certain way) (以某种方式)表现 □ bear arms   1  carry weapons; serve as a soldier 携带武器，当兵 2  wear or display heraldic devices 佩有盾形纹章□ bear away (or off)   win (a prize etc.) 获得(奖品等)□ bear down   exert downward pressure 压倒，把…压下去□ bear down on   approach rapidly or purposefully 向…逼近；冲向□ bear fruit   have results 有结果，有成效□ bear a hand   help 帮助□ bear hard on   oppress 压迫□ bear in mind   take into account having remembered 记住□ bear on (or upon)   be relevant to 与…有关□ bear out   support or confirm (an account or the person giving it) 证实(报道)；证明(予以报道的人)□ bear repeating   be worth repetition 值得重复□ bear up   raise one's spirits; not despair 振作起来，不灰心□ bear with   treat forbearingly; tolerate patiently 忍受，对…有耐心□ bear witness   testify 证明 [Old English beran, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between borne and born. Borne is the standard past participle of bear and is used in all senses above except one, e.g. the ship that had borne me across the sea; the worried look she has borne since his departure; the findings have been borne out. Born is used only in the passive with reference to birth, e.g. was born in July, and then not if followed by by and the name of the mother (e.g. was borne by Sarah). Compare a son was born to Sarah which is also correct. Although born is used only in one sense, this sense is so common that born is a more common English word than borne, which probably adds to the confusion. 注意 borne 和 born 的区别， borne 是 bear 的标准过去分词，用于除了一个释义之外的上述各个释义，如 the ship that had borne me across the sea (轮船把我载过大洋); the worried look she has borne since his departure (他走后她面带焦虑的神情); the findings have been borne out (研究结果已经过证实). born 只用于有关生育的被动语态，如 was born in July (生于 7 月)，如果后面跟 by 及母亲的名称，则另当别论(如 was borne by Sarah 莎拉所生)。比较一下 a son was born to Sarah, 这种说法也不错。虽然 born 只用于一个释义，但这个释义很常用，是一个比 borne 常用的英语单词，因而有可能产生混淆。 

bear2 /bɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any large heavy mammal of the family Ursidae, having thick fur and walking on its soles 熊 2  a rough, unmannerly, or uncouth person 粗鲁的人 3 Stock Exch.  a person who sells shares hoping to buy them back later at a lower price 【股】高价卖出低价买进的人，看跌的人，卖空者 4  = TEDDY 1  5 (作 the Bear) colloq.  Russia [口]俄罗斯 6 esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  a  a police officer 警官b (prec. by 前接 the)  the police 警察 ●v. Stock Exch. 【股】  1 intr.  speculate for a fall in price 买空卖空 2 tr.  produce a fall in the price of (stocks etc.) 使(证券等)下跌 □ like a bear with a sore head  Brit. colloq.  very irritable [英口]动不动发火 [Old English bera, from West Germanic]

bearable /ˈbɛərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that may be endured or tolerated 可忍受的，可容忍的 □ bearability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ bearableness  n.  □ bearably  adv.  

bear-baiting n. hist.  an entertainment involving setting dogs to attack a captive bear [史义]纵狗斗熊

bearberry /ˈbɛəb(ə)ri/ n.  an evergreen ericaceous plant of the genus Arctostaphylos, esp. A. uva-ursi, a trailing moorland plant with pinkish flowers and bright red berries 杜鹃花科常绿灌木(尤指熊果)

beard /biəd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  hair growing on the chin and lower cheeks of the face 胡子 2  a tuft of hair or similar growth or marking on the face or chin of an animal (e.g. a goat) 动物的颔毛(如山羊) 3  the awn of a grass, sheath of barley, etc. (草、大麦鞘等的)芒 ●v. tr.  oppose openly; defy 公然反对；违抗 □ bearded  adj.  □ beardless  adj.   [Old English, from West Germanic]

bearded tit n.  a small Eurasian passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, which frequents reed-beds 文须雀

beardie /ˈbiədi/ n. Brit. colloq.  a bearded man [英口]蓄须的人

bearer /ˈbɛərə/ n.  1  a person or thing that bears, carries, or brings 持有者；携带物 2  a carrier of equipment on an expedition etc. (远征等的)携带装备者 3  a person who presents a cheque or other order to pay money 拿支票(或其他要付钱的单据)者 4 (作 attrib.)  payable to the possessor 不记名的，持有人有权自由转让的  bearer stock  可以转让的股票 5 hist. (in India etc.) a personal servant [史义] (在印度等)私人男仆

beargarden /ˈbɛəɡɑ:d(ə)n/ n.  a rowdy or noisy scene 嘈杂(或喧闹)的场面

bear-hug n.  a tight embrace 紧紧的拥抱

bearing /ˈbɛəriŋ/ n.  1  a person's bodily attitude or outward behaviour 举止，风度 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  relation or relevance to 关系，关联  his comments have no bearing on the subject  他的评论与这个问题无关 3  endurability 忍耐，忍受  beyond bearing  难以忍受 4  a part of a machine that supports a rotating or other moving part 轴承 5  direction or position relative to a fixed point, measured esp. in degrees (尤指用度数的)测位，方向角 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a  one's position relative to one's surroundings 方向，方位b  awareness of this; a sense of one's orientation 方向感，对自己方位的认识  get one's bearings  辨别自己的位置 lose one's bearings  迷失了方向 7 Heraldry  a device or charge 【纹章学】图案，图记 8  = BALL-BEARING 

bearing-rein n.  a fixed rein from bit to saddle that forces a horse to arch its neck 勒马缰绳

bearish /ˈbɛəriʃ/ adj.  1  like a bear, esp. in temper (尤指脾气)像熊一样的，粗暴的 2 Stock Exch.  causing or associated with a fall in prices 【股】行情下跌的，引起跌风的

bear market n. Stock Exch.  a market with falling prices 【股】熊市

bearpit /ˈbɛəpit/ n.  1  a sunken enclosure in which bears are kept in a zoo etc. (动物园等内的)熊坑 2  a scene or place of rowdy disorder 嘈杂的场面或地方

bear's breech n.  an acanthus, esp. the Mediterranean Acanthus mollis (尤指地中海)老鼠簕属植物

bear's ear n.  = AURICULA 

bear's foot n.  a hellebore, Helleborus fetidus 熊足嚏根草，黑儿波

bearskin /ˈbɛəskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a bear 熊毛皮b  a wrap etc. made of this (披肩、膝毯等)熊毛皮制品 2  a tall furry hat worn ceremonially by some regiments 熊皮高帽

beast /bi:st/ n.  1  an animal other than a human being, esp. a wild quadruped 野兽(尤指野生四足动物) 2  a  a brutal person 粗野的人b colloq.  an objectionable or unpleasant person or thing [口]令人讨厌的人(或物)  he's a beast for not inviting her  没邀请她，他真讨厌 a beast of a problem  一个令人讨厌的问题 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a human being's brutish or uncivilized characteristics 兽性  saw the beast in him  看到了他的兽性 [Middle English via Old French beste and Romanic besta from Latin bestia]

beastie /ˈbi:sti/ n. Sc. or joc.  a small animal [苏格兰] [诙]小动物

beastly /ˈbi:stli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (beastlier, beastliest)  1 colloq.  objectionable, unpleasant [口]令人讨厌的，可恶的 2  like a beast; brutal 野兽般的，野蛮的 ●adv. Brit. colloq.  very, extremely [英口]非常，极 □ beastliness  n.  

beast of burden n.  an animal, e.g. a mule, used for carrying loads 驮畜(如骡)

beast of prey n.  an animal which hunts animals for food 食肉猛兽

beat /bi:t/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (past beat; past part. beaten /ˈbi:t(ə)n/)  1 tr.  a  strike (a person or animal) persistently or repeatedly, esp. to harm or punish (尤指带伤害性或惩罚性地连续)打(人或动物)b  strike (a thing) repeatedly, e.g. to remove dust from (a carpet etc.), to sound (a drum etc.) 拍打(如毯子等上的灰尘)；击(鼓等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, at, on, etc.)  a  pound or knock repeatedly (反复地)敲打，击打  waves beat against the shore  大浪拍岸 beat at the door  拍打门b  = beat down 3  3 tr.  a  overcome; surpass; win a victory over 克服；超过；战胜b  complete an activity before (another person etc.) 先于(他人等)完成c  be too hard for; perplex 难倒；使困惑不解 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  stir (eggs etc.) vigorously into a frothy mixture 打，搅(鸡蛋)成泡沬 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  fashion or shape (metal etc.) by blows 锤打(金属等) 6 intr. (of the heart, a drum, etc.) pulsate rhythmically (心脏)跳动；(鼓等)被击打 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  indicate (a tempo or rhythm) by gestures, tapping, etc. 表示韵律(敲出节拍等)b  sound (a signal etc.) by striking a drum or other means 击打以发出(信号等)  beat a tattoo  敲击归营鼓 8  a intr. (of a bird's wings) move up and down (鸟翅膀)扑动，拍打b tr.  cause (wings) to move in this way 使(翅膀)扑动 9 tr.  make (a path etc.) by trampling 踩出(一条路等) 10 tr.  strike (bushes etc.) to rouse game 拍打(草丛等)以惊出猎物 11 intr. Naut.  sail in the direction from which the wind is blowing 【海】逆风行驶 ●n.  1  a  a main accent or rhythmic unit in music or verse (音乐、诗歌中的)强音；节拍  three beats to the bar  一节三拍 missed a beat and came in early  快了一拍b  the indication of rhythm by a conductor's movements 打拍子  watch the beat  看拍子c (in popular music) a strong rhythm (流行音乐的)强节奏d (作 attrib.)  characterized by a strong rhythm 强节奏的  beat music  强节奏音乐 2  a  a stroke or blow (e.g. on a drum) (如鼓的)一击b  a measured sequence of strokes 连续拍击  the beat of the waves on the rocks  波浪不停地拍打着岩石c  a throbbing movement or sound 跳动，跳动声  the beat of his heart  他的心跳 3  a  a route or area allocated to a police officer etc. (警官等的)巡逻路线(或范围)b  a person's habitual round 人的习惯行径 4 Physics  a pulsation due to the combination of two sounds or electric currents of similar but not equivalent frequencies 【物理学】拍音，悸音，差拍 5 colloq. [口]  = BEATNIK  ●adj.  1 (作 predic.) slang  exhausted, tired out [俚语]极其疲惫的，筋疲力尽的 2 (作 attrib.)  of the beat generation or its philosophy 垮掉一代的；垮掉一代哲学的 □ beat about  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  search (for an excuse etc.) 寻找(借口等)□ beat about (or US [美] around) the bush   discuss a matter without coming to the point 不直截了当地，转弯抹角地□ beat the bounds  Brit.  mark parish boundaries by striking certain points with rods [英]打边界列队游行□ beat one's breast   strike one's chest in anguish or sorrow 捶胸顿足□ beat the clock   complete a task within a stated time 按时完成任务□ beat down   1  a  bargain with (a seller) to lower the price 杀(卖主的)价b  cause a seller to lower (the price) 使降低(价格) 2  strike (a resisting object) until it falls 敲落，击倒(阻碍之物)  beat the door down  把门击倒 3 (of the sun, rain, etc.) radiate heat or fall continuously and vigorously (太阳)强烈照射，(雨)倾盆而下□ beat the drum for   publicize, promote 宣传，提倡□ beaten at the post   defeated at the last moment 在最后一刻被击败□ beat in   crush 砸碎□ beat it  slang  go away [俚语]溜掉□ beat off   drive back (an attack etc.) 击退(进攻等)□ beat a retreat   withdraw; abandon an undertaking 撤退，打退堂鼓□ beat time   indicate or follow a musical tempo with a baton or other means 打拍子，按节奏□ beat a person to it   arrive or achieve something before another person 比别人先完成□ beat up   give a beating to, esp. with punches and kicks 痛打(尤指拳打脚踢)□ it beats me   I do not understand (it) (这)我不懂□ beatable  adj.   [Old English bēatan, from Germanic]

beaten /ˈbi:t(ə)n/ adj.  1  outwitted; defeated 被骗的，被打败的 2  exhausted; dejected 筋疲力尽的，沮丧的 3 (of gold or any other metal) shaped by a hammer (金或其他金属)锤制的 4 (of a path etc.) well-trodden, much used (路等)踩出来的；走得很多的 □ off the beaten track   1  in or into an isolated place 不常去的，偏僻的 2  unusual 不常见的 [past part. of BEAT]

beater /ˈbi:tə/ n.  1  an implement used for beating (esp. a carpet or eggs) (尤指掸地毯、打鸡蛋用的)拍打器，打蛋器 2  a person employed to rouse game for shooting 拍打树丛惊出猎物的人 3  a person who beats metal 锤制金属的人 4 N. Amer. colloq.  an old or dilapidated vehicle [北美口]破车

beat generation n.  the members of a movement of young people esp. in the 1950s who rejected conventional society in their dress, habits, and beliefs (尤指 20 世纪 50 年代)垮掉的一代

beatific /bi:əˈtifik/ adj.  1 colloq.  blissful [口]至福的，极乐的  a beatific smile  安详的笑容 2  a  of or relating to blessedness (有关)赐福的b  making blessed 使有福的 □ beatifically  adv.   [French béatifique or Latin beatificus, from beatus ‘blessed’]

beatification /biˌætifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 RC Ch.  the act of formally declaring a dead person ‘blessed’, often a step towards canonization 【天主教】宣福礼 2  making or being blessed 赐福 [French béatification or ecclesiastical Latin beatificatio (as BEATIFY)]

beatify /biˈætifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 RC Ch.  announce the beatification of 【天主教】宣福 2  make happy 使极臻幸福 [French béatifier or ecclesiastical Latin beatificare, from Latin beatus ‘blessed’]

beating /ˈbi:tiŋ/ n.  1  a physical punishment or assault 打 2  a defeat 打败 □ take some (or a lot of) beating   be difficult to surpass 难以超过

beatitude /biˈætitju:d/ n.  1  blessedness 至福，天福 2 (also 亦作 Beatitude)  a declaration of blessedness, a blessing, esp. (in pl.) those made by Jesus (Matt. 5:3-11) 八福词，祈福；(尤用复数)耶稣福祉(《马太福音》 5:3-11) 3  a title given to patriarchs in the Orthodox Church (东正教)法座 [French béatitude or Latin beatitudo, from beatus ‘blessed’]

beatnik /ˈbi:tnik/ n.  a member of the beat generation 垮掉的一代成员 [BEAT + -nik on the pattern of sputnik, perhaps influenced by US use of Yiddish -nik agent-suffix]

Beatrice /ˈbiətris/   比阿特丽斯 [人名]

beat-up adj. colloq.  dilapidated; in a state of disrepair [口]破烂的，破旧的

beau /bəʊ/ n. (pl. beaux or beaus /bəʊz, bəʊ/)  1 esp. US  an admirer; a boyfriend [尤美] (向女子)献殷勤的男子；男友 2  a fop; a dandy 花花公子，纨绔子弟 [French, = handsome, from Latin bellus]

Beaufort scale /ˈbəʊfət skeil/ n.  a scale of wind speed ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级(从 0 级静止至 12 级飓风) [Sir F. Beaufort, English admiral (d. 1857) who devised it]

beau geste /bəʊ ˈʒest, 法 bo ʒɛst/ n. (pl. beaux gestes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a generous or gracious act 大方的举动，优雅的姿态 [French, = splendid gesture]

beau idéal /bəʊ i:deiˈæl/ n.  the highest type of excellence or beauty 理想的美，十全十美的典型 [French beau idéal = ideal beauty: see BEAU, IDEAL]

Beaujolais /ˈbəʊʒəlei/ n.  a red or white burgundy wine from the Beaujolais district of France 博若莱(红、白)葡萄酒

Beaujolais Nouveau /ˌbəʊʒəlei nu:ˈvəʊ/ n.  Beaujolais wine sold in the first year of a vintage (当年酿造的)新博若莱葡萄酒 [BEAUJOLAIS + French nouveau ‘new’]

beau monde /bəʊ ˈmɒnd/ n.  fashionable society 时髦社会 [French, = fine world]

beaut /bju:t/ n. & adj. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●n. (also US [亦美])  an excellent or beautiful person or thing 俊男靓女，好东西 ●adj.  excellent; beautiful 极好的，美丽的 [abbreviation of BEAUTY]

beauteous /ˈbju:tiəs/ adj. poet.  beautiful [诗]美丽的 [Middle English from BEAUTY + -OUS, on the pattern of bounteous, plenteous]

beautician /bju:ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a person who gives beauty treatment 美容师 2  a person who runs or owns a beauty salon 美容院老板

beautiful /ˈbju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  delighting the aesthetic senses 使生美感的，美丽的  a beautiful voice  美妙的声音 2  pleasant, enjoyable 令人愉快的  had a beautiful time  过了一段令人愉快的时间 3  excellent 极好的  a beautiful specimen  极好的样本 □ beautifully  adv.  

beautify /ˈbju:tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make beautiful; adorn 美化，装饰 □ beautification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ beautifier  /-faiə/ n.  

beauty /ˈbju:ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a combination of qualities such as shape, colour, etc., that pleases the aesthetic senses, esp. the sight (形、色等)美(丽)；优美(尤指风景)b  a combination of qualities that pleases the intellect or moral sense 美的东西，妙处  the beauty of the argument  论据的妙处 2 colloq. [口]  a  an excellent specimen 极好的样本  what a beauty!  真是个榜样！b  an attractive feature; an advantage 吸引人的特性，好处  that's the beauty of it!  妙处就在这里！ 3  a beautiful woman 美女 □ beauty is only skin-deep   a pleasing appearance is not a guide to character 美貌不过一张皮；不可以貌取人 [Middle English from Anglo-French beuté, Old French bealté, beauté, ultimately from Latin (as BEAU)]

beauty parlour n. (also 亦作 beauty salon)  an establishment in which manicure, hairdressing, make-up, etc., are offered to women (修指甲、理发、化妆等的)美容院

beauty queen n.  the woman judged most beautiful in a competition 第一美女，美后

beauty sleep n.  sleep before midnight, supposed to be health-giving 美觉(指午夜前有益健康的睡眠)

beauty spot n.  1  a place known for its beauty 美景，风景名胜 2  a small natural or artificial mark such as a mole on the face, considered to enhance another feature 美人痣，(贴在脸上的)美人斑

beauty treatment n.  cosmetic treatment received in a beauty parlour (美容院里的)美容护理

beaux pl.  of BEAU  

beaux arts /bəʊˈzɑ:, 法 bozar/ n. pl.  1  fine arts 美术 2 (作 attrib.)  relating to the rules and conventions of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (later called Académie des Beaux Arts) 古典装饰风格的(后来称为美术学院派风格的) [French beaux-arts]

beaver1 /ˈbi:və/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or beavers)  1  a  any large amphibious broad-tailed rodent of the genus Castor, native to N. America, Europe, and Asia, and able to gnaw through tree trunks and make dams 河狸，海狸b  its soft light brown fur 河狸(海狸)毛皮c  a hat of this 海狸帽 2 (in full 全称 beaver cloth)  a heavy woollen cloth like beaver fur 海狸呢 3 (作 Beaver)  a boy aged six or seven who is an affiliate member of the Scout Association 六七岁的童子军协会男孩 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away) colloq.  work hard [口]努力地工作，兢兢业业地工作 [Old English be(o)for, from Germanic]

beaver2 /ˈbi:və/ n. hist.  the lower face-guard of a helmet [史义]头盔面具的下半部 [Old French baviere ‘bib’ via baver ‘slaver’ from beve ‘saliva’, from Romanic]

beaver3 /ˈbi:və/ n. Brit. slang  a bearded man [英] [俚语]蓄大胡子的人 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

beaverboard /ˈbi:vəbɔ:d/ n.  a kind of fibreboard 一种纤维板 [BEAVER1 + BOARD]

beaver lamb n.  lambskin made to look like beaver fur 绵羊皮制的仿海狸毛皮

bebop /ˈbi:bɒp/ n.  a type of jazz originating in the 1940s and characterized by complex harmony and rhythms (20 世纪 40 年代的)博普爵士乐 □ bebopper  n.   [imitative of the typical rhythm]

becalm /biˈkɑ:m/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  deprive (a sailing ship) of wind (由于无风)使(航行中的船只)静止不动

became past  of BECOME  

because /biˈkɒz/ conj.  for the reason that; since 因为，既然 □ because of   on account of; by reason of 因为，由于 [Middle English from BY prep. + CAUSE, influenced by Old French par cause de ‘by reason of’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REASON. 见 REASON 的用法说明。 

beck1 /bek/ n. N. Engl.  a brook; a mountain stream [英格兰北部]小河，山间小溪 [Middle English via Old Norse bekkr from Germanic]

beck2 /bek/ n. poet.  a gesture requesting attention, e.g. a nod, wave, etc. [诗]召唤(如点头、挥手等) □ at a person's beck and call   having constantly to obey a person's orders 惟某人之命是从 [beck (v.) from BECKON]

becket /ˈbekit/ n. Naut.  a contrivance such as a hook, bracket, or rope-loop, for securing loose ropes, tackle, or spars 【海】绳环，把手索，索环 [18th c.: origin unknown]

beckon /ˈbek(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  a  attract the attention of; summon by gesture (用手势)引起注意；召唤b  entice 引诱，诱使 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make a signal to attract a person's attention; summon a person by doing this 用信号引起注意；召唤 [Old English bīecnan, bēcnan, ultimately from West Germanic baukna BEACON]

Becky /ˈbeki/   丽贝卡；贝基 [人名]

becloud /biˈklaʊd/ v. tr.  1  obscure 使糊涂，使难于理解，搞混  becloud the argument  把论点搞混 2  cover with clouds (云雾)遮蔽

become /biˈkʌm/ v. (past became /biˈkeim/; past part. become)  1 intr. (foll. by compl. 后跟补语)  begin to be 成为，变得  became president  成为总统 will become famous  将会出名 2 tr.  a  look well on; suit 看起来很好，适合，相称  blue becomes him  蓝色适合他b  befit 适合于  it ill becomes you to complain  发牢骚与你身份不相称 3 intr. (as 作 becoming adj.)  a  flattering the appearance 好看的，漂亮的b  suitable; decorous 合适的；端庄的；得体的 □ become of   happen to 发生  what will become of me?  我将是什么样子？□ becomingly  adj.  □ becomingness  n.   [Old English becuman from Germanic (as BE-, COME)]

becquerel /ˈbekərel/ n. Physics  the SI unit of radioactivity, corresponding to one disintegration per second 【物理学】贝可勒尔(放射性强度单位，每秒有一个原子衰变) [A. H. Becquerel, French physicist d. 1908]

B.Ed. abbr.  Bachelor of Education [缩略]教育学士

bed /bed/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a piece of furniture used for sleeping on, usu. a framework with a mattress and coverings 床(通常有架、带垫及床罩)b  a mattress, with or without coverings 垫褥，床垫 2  any place used by a person or animal for sleep or rest; a litter 床铺，窝 3  a  a garden plot, esp. one used for planting flowers 苗圃(尤指花坛)b  a place where other things may be grown 苗床  osier bed  柳林圃 4  the use of a bed 用床 :a  on loan or hire; temporarily 暂时用(或租用)的床  I need a bed for the night  我需要一张床过夜b Brit. colloq.  for sexual intercourse [英口]发生性行为的地方  only thinks of bed  只想着上床c Brit.  for rest [英]休息处  needs his bed  他需要找地方休息 5  something flat, forming a support or base as in 成为支撑(或底部)的平面 :a  the bottom of the sea or a river 海床，河床b  the foundations of a road or railway (公路或铁路的)路基c  the flat surface beneath the baize of a billiard table 未铺台呢的台球台面 6  a stratum, such as a layer of oysters etc. (牡蛎等)层 ●v. (bedded, bedding)  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  put or go to bed 安置床铺，上床 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) colloq.  have sexual intercourse with [口]与…发生性关系 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  plant in a garden bed 栽种在花坛内 4 tr.  cover up or fix firmly in something 埋置；牢固地安置 5  a tr.  arrange as a layer 按层放置b intr.  be or form a layer 分层，形成一层 □ bed of roses   a life of ease 安逸的生活，快乐人生□ brought to bed  (often foll. by 常后跟 of) archaic  delivered of a child [古义]临产，分娩□ get out of bed on the wrong side   be bad-tempered all day long 整天情绪不好，闹脾气□ go to bed   1  retire for the night 上床，就寝 2  have sexual intercourse 性交 3 (of a newspaper) go to press (报纸)付印□ keep one's bed   stay in bed because of illness (因病)卧床□ make the bed   tidy and arrange the bed for use 铺床(准备睡觉)□ make one's bed and lie in it   accept the consequences of one's acts 自作自受，自食其果□ put to bed   1  cause to go to bed 使上床去睡 2  make (a newspaper) ready for press 使(报纸)付印□ take to one's bed   stay in bed because of illness (因病)卧床 [Old English bed(d) (n.), beddian (v.), from Germanic]

bedabble /biˈdæb(ə)l/ v. tr.  stain or splash with dirty liquid, blood, etc. (以污液、血等)弄脏；泼溅

bedad /biˈdæd/ int. Ir.  by God! [爱尔兰]上帝！老天爷！ [corruption: cf. GAD2]

bed and board n.  1  lodging and food 膳宿 2  marital relations 姻亲

bed and breakfast n. & v. ●n.  1  one night's lodging and breakfast in a hotel etc. (旅馆等的)一夜住宿兼包次日早餐 2  an establishment that provides this 提供一夜住宿兼包次日早餐的旅馆 ●v. tr. (作 bed-and-breakfast)  sell (shares) and buy back the next morning (股票)暮售朝购

bedaub /biˈdɔ:b/ v. tr.  smear or daub with paint etc.; decorate gaudily 用(涂料等)涂抹；花哨地装饰

bedazzle /biˈdæz(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  dazzle 使目眩，使眼花缭乱 2  confuse (a person) 把(人)弄糊涂，使(人)迷惑 □ bedazzlement  n.  

bedbug /ˈbedbʌɡ/ n.  either of two flat, wingless, evil-smelling insects of the genus Cimex infesting beds and unclean houses and sucking blood 臭虫

bedchamber /ˈbedtʃeimbə/ n.  1 archaic  a bedroom [古义]卧室 2 (作 Bedchamber)  part of the title of some of the sovereign's attendants (君主的)侍寝官  Lady of the Bedchamber  女王侍臣

bedclothes /ˈbedkləʊðz/ n. pl.  coverings for a bed, such as sheets, blankets, etc. 床上用品(如床单、毯子等)

bedcover /ˈbedkʌvə/ n.  1  a bedspread 床罩 2 (in pl. 用复数)  = BEDCLOTHES 

beddable /ˈbedəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  considered seductive or sexually attractive [口]诱人的，有魅力的；性感的 [BED + -ABLE]

bedder /ˈbedə/ n.  1  a plant suitable for a garden bed 适于栽在花坛里的植物 2 Brit. colloq.  a college bedmaker [英口]大学里整理床铺的人

bedding /ˈbediŋ/ n.  1  a mattress and bedclothes 被褥，铺盖 2  litter for cattle, horses, etc. (供牛、马等歇息的)垫草 3  a bottom layer 底层 4 Geol.  the stratification of rocks, esp. when clearly visible 【地质】(尤指裸露可见的)岩石层理

bedding plant n.  a plant set into a garden bed or container when it is about to bloom, usu. an annual used for display and discarded at the end of the season (尤指一年生的)适于栽在花坛里的植物

beddy-byes /ˈbedibaiz/ n. (child's word for) bed, sleep (儿语中的)床；睡觉 [BED + -Y2 + BYE-BYE2]

bedeck /biˈdek/ v. tr.  adorn 装饰，打扮

bedeguar /ˈbediɡɑ:/ n.  a mosslike growth on rose bushes produced by a gall wasp 针褥瘿 [French bédegar from Persian bɑˉd-ɑˉwar ‘wind-brought’]

bedel /ˈbi:d(ə)l, biˈdel/ n. (also 亦作 bedell) Brit.  a university official with chiefly processional duties [英]仪仗官(大学里主管礼仪的官员) [archaic spelling of BEADLE]

bedevil /biˈdev(ə)l/ v. tr. (bedevilled, bedevilling; US [美] bedeviled, bedeviling)  1  plague; afflict 折磨，使苦恼 2  confound; confuse 混淆，使混乱 3  possess as if with a devil; bewitch 使着魔，使着迷 4  treat with diabolical violence or abuse 毒打，虐待 □ bedevilment  n.  

bedew /biˈdju:/ v. tr.  1  cover or sprinkle with dew or drops of water 沾着露水(或水滴)，沾湿 2 poet.  sprinkle with tears [诗]沾满了泪水

bedfellow /ˈbedfeləʊ/ n.  1  a person who shares a bed 同床者 2  an associate 合伙人，同事

Bedford cord /bedfəd ˈkɔ:d/ n.  a tough woven fabric having prominent ridges, similar to corduroy 经向凸条织物 [Bedford in S. England]

bedhead /ˈbedhed/ n.  the upper end of a bed 床头

bed-hop v. intr. (-hopped, -hopping) colloq.  engage in successive casual sexual affairs [口]乱上床(不停地随意性行为)

bedight /biˈdait/ adj. archaic  arrayed; adorned [古义]装扮好的，装饰好的 [Middle English past part. of bedight (v.) (as BE-, DIGHT)]

bedim /biˈdim/ v. tr. (bedimmed, bedimming) poet.  make (the eyes, mind, etc.) dim [诗]使(视力、思想等)模糊不清

bedizen /biˈdaiz(ə)n, -ˈdiz-/ v. tr. poet.  deck out gaudily [诗]华丽而俗气地打扮(装饰) [BE- + obsolete dizen ‘deck out’]

bedjacket /ˈbeddʒækit/ n.  a jacket worn when sitting up in bed 床上穿的短上衣

bedlam /ˈbedləm/ n.  1  a scene of uproar and confusion 喧闹的景象，混乱的场所  the traffic was bedlam  交通混乱 2 archaic  a madhouse; an asylum [古义]疯人院，精神病院 [hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem in London]

bedlinen /ˈbedlinin/ n.  sheets, pillowcases, duvet covers, etc. 床上用品(被单、枕套、被罩等)

Bedlington terrier /ˈbedliŋt(ə)n/ n.  1  a terrier of a breed with a narrow head, long legs, and curly grey hair 贝德灵顿猎狗(尖头，长腿，生有灰色卷毛) 2  this breed 贝德灵顿猎狗种 [Bedlington in N. England]

bedmaker /ˈbedmeikə/ n. Brit.  a person employed to clean and tidy students' rooms in a college [英]大学里雇用的打扫学生宿舍的人

Bedouin /ˈbedʊin/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Beduin) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a nomadic Arab of the desert 贝都因人(沙漠中从事游牧生活的阿拉伯人) 2  a wanderer; a nomad 流浪者，游牧民 ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Bedouin 贝都因人的；与贝都因人有关的 2  wandering; nomadic 流浪的，游牧的 [Middle English from Old French beduin, ultimately from Arabic badawī, pl. badawīn ‘dwellers in the desert’ from badw ‘desert’]

bedpan /ˈbedpæn/ n.  a receptacle used by a bedridden patient for urine and faeces (供卧床病人用的)床上便盆

bedplate /ˈbedpleit/ n.  a metal plate forming the base of a machine (安置机器的)底板，座板

bedpost /ˈbedpəʊst/ n.  any of the four upright supports of a bedstead 床架杆，床柱 □ between you and me and the bedpost  Brit., colloq.  in strict confidence [英口]就你我知道，私下

bedraggle /biˈdræɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  wet (a garment etc.) by trailing it, or so that it hangs limp 拖湿(衣服等) 2 (as 作 bedraggled adj.)  untidy; dishevelled 脏的；不整洁的；散乱的 [BE- + DRAGGLE]

bedrest /ˈbedrest/ n.  confinement of an invalid to bed 卧床休息

bedridden /ˈbedrid(ə)n/ adj.  1  confined to bed by infirmity (因病)卧床不起的 2  decrepit 衰老的，老朽的 [Old English bedreda from ridan ‘ride’]

bedrock /ˈbedrɒk/ n.  1  solid rock underlying alluvial deposits etc. (位于冲积层下的)基岩 2  the underlying principles or facts of a theory, character, etc. (作为理论、特征等根据的)基本原则，基本事实

bedroll /ˈbedrəʊl/ n. esp. N. Amer.  portable bedding rolled into a bundle, esp. a sleeping bag [尤北美] (可卷起便于携带的)铺盖卷儿(尤指睡袋)

bedroom /ˈbedru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room for sleeping in 卧室 2 (作 attrib.)  of or referring to sexual relations 有性关系的，与性行为有关的  bedroom farce  床上的闹剧

Beds. abbr.  Bedfordshire [缩略]贝德福德郡

bedside /ˈbedsaid/ n.  1  the space beside esp. a patient's bed 床边(尤指病床边) 2 (作 attrib.)  of or relating to the side of a bed (有关)床边的  bedside lamp  床头灯 □ bedside manner  (of a doctor) an approach or attitude to a patient (医生)对病人的态度

bedsitter /bedˈsitə/ n. (also 亦作 bedsit) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BED-SITTING ROOM  [contraction]

bed-sitting room /bedˈsitiŋ/ n. Brit.  a one-roomed unit of accommodation usu. consisting of combined bedroom and sitting room with cooking facilities [英]单间公寓(通常一间卧室又作起居室兼厨房用)

bedskirt /ˈbedskɜ:t/ n. N. Amer.  a valance for a bed [北美]床沿挂布，床帷，床幔

bedsock /ˈbedsɒk/ n. esp. Brit.  each of a pair of thick socks worn in bed [尤英]睡袜

bedsore /ˈbedsɔ:/ n.  a sore developed by an invalid because of pressure caused by lying in bed 褥疮(由于长期卧床压迫而形成的一种溃疡)

bedspread /ˈbedspred/ n.  an often decorative cloth used to cover a bed when not in use 床罩

bedstead /ˈbedsted/ n.  the framework of a bed 床架，床的框架

bedstraw /ˈbedstrɔ:/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant of the genus Galium, once used as straw for bedding (猪殃殃属)铺床用草 2 (in full 全称 lady's bedstraw)  a bedstraw, G. verum, with yellow flowers (开黄色小花的)蓬子菜

bedtable /ˈbedteib(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a portable table or tray with legs used by a person sitting up in bed [英]床几

bedtime /ˈbedtaim/ n.  1  the usual time for going to bed 就寝时间 2 (作 attrib.)  of or relating to bedtime (有关)临睡前的  bedtime drink  睡前小酌

Beduin var.  of BEDOUIN  BEDOUIN 的变体

bed-wetting n.  involuntary urination during the night 遗尿，尿床 □ bed-wetter  n.  

bee /bi:/ n.  1  a (in full 全称 honey bee)  a stinging hymenopterous insect of the genus Apis which collects nectar and pollen, produces wax and honey, and lives in large communities, esp. the domesticated A. mellifera 蜜蜂(尤指家蜂)b  a related insect of the superfamily Apoidea, either social or solitary (蜜蜂总科的)蜂 2 (usu. 通常作 busy bee)  a busy person 忙碌的人 3 esp. US  a meeting for communal work or amusement [尤美]为工作(或娱乐)而举行的聚会  spelling bee  拼字比赛会 □ a bee in one's bonnet   an obsession 着迷，入迷□ the bee's knees  slang  something outstandingly good [俚语]顶刮刮的东西，特别出色的事物  thinks he's the bee's knees  认为他是最出色的 [Old English bēo, from Germanic]

Beeb /bi:b/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. colloq.  the BBC [英口]英国广播公司 [abbreviation]

bee-bread n.  honey or pollen used as food by bees 花粉蜜(蜜蜂的食料)

beech /bi:tʃ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 beech tree)  any large forest tree of the genus Fagus, having smooth grey bark and glossy leaves 山毛榉(山毛榉属) 2 (also 亦作 beechwood)  its wood 山毛榉木材 3 Austral.  any of various similar trees in Australia [澳]假山毛榉 [Old English bēce, from Germanic]

beech-fern n.  any of several related ferns, esp. Phegopteris connectilis, found in damp woods 六角翅金星蕨，金星蕨属植物

beech marten n.  the stone marten, Martes foina 榉貂，石貂

beechmast /ˈbi:tʃmɑ:st/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the small rough-skinned fruit of the beech tree 山毛榉坚果 [BEECH + MAST2]

beechwood  see 见 BEECH 2 

bee dance n.  a dance performed by worker bees to inform the colony of the location of food 蜜蜂舞

bee-eater n.  any bright-plumaged insect-eating bird of the family Meropidae with a long slender curved bill (蜂虎科)蜂虎

beef /bi:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the flesh of the ox, bull, or esp. the cow, for eating (尤指家养牛的)牛肉 2 colloq.  well-developed male muscle [口]男子的肌肉 3 (pl. beeves /bi:vz/ or US [美] beefs)  a cow, bull, or ox fattened for beef; its carcass 菜牛，肉牛；屠宰后的牛胴体 4 (pl. beefs) slang  a complaint; a protest [俚语]抱怨，牢骚；异议 ●v. intr. slang  complain [俚语]抱怨，发牢骚 □ beef up  slang  strengthen, reinforce, augment [俚语]加强，充实，扩大 [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French boef from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

beefburger /ˈbi:fbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a cake of minced beef usu. fried or grilled (油炸或炙烤的)碎牛肉饼；汉堡牛排

beefcake /ˈbi:fkeik/ n. slang  well-developed male muscles, esp. when displayed for admiration [俚语]健美的男性肌肉(尤指用于健美展示)

beefeater /ˈbi:fi:tə/ n.  a warder in the Tower of London; a Yeoman of the Guard 伦敦塔的守卫；(英国)王室警卫 [from obsolete sense ‘well-fed menial’]

beefsteak /bi:fˈsteik, ˈbi:f-/ n.  a thick slice of lean beef, esp. from the rump, usu. for grilling or frying (尤指臀部)牛排(通常炙烤或油炸)

beefsteak fungus n.  a red bracket fungus, Fistulina hepatica, resembling raw beef 牛排菌

beefsteak tomato n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BEEF TOMATO 

beef tea n. Brit.  stewed extract of beef, given to invalids [英]牛肉茶，牛肉汁

beef tomato n. Brit.  an exceptionally large and firm variety of tomato [英]牛排蕃茄

beefwood /ˈbi:fwʊd/ n.  1  any of various Australian and W. Indian hardwood trees 木麻黄 2  the close-grained red timber of these 木麻黄木材

beefy /ˈbi:fi/ adj. (beefier, beefiest)  1  like beef 牛肉似的 2  solid; muscular 结实的，肌肉发达的 □ beefily  adv.  □ beefiness  n.  

beehive /ˈbi:haiv/ n.  1  an artificial habitation for bees 蜂巢，蜂房 2  a busy place 拥挤繁忙的地方 3  anything resembling a wicker beehive in being domed 蜂巢(或蜂房)状物

bee-keeping n.  the occupation of keeping bees 养蜂(业) □ bee-keeper  n.  

beeline /ˈbi:lain/ n.  a straight line between two places (两地之间的)直线，直路 □ make a beeline for   hurry directly to 径直走向，取捷径

Beelzebub /biˈelzibʌb/ n.  the Devil 别西卡(《圣经》中的鬼王) [Old English via Latin from Greek beelzeboul & Hebrew baˈal zĕbûb ‘lord of the flies’, the name of a Philistine god]

bee-master n.  a man who keeps bees 养蜂人

been past part.  of BE  

bee orchid n.  a kind of European orchid, Ophrys apifera, with bee-shaped flowers 对叶兰(花形如蜜蜂)

beep /bi:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sound of a motor car horn 汽车喇叭声 2  any similar short high-pitched sound 嘟嘟声，短而高的尖声 ●v.  1 intr.  emit a beep 发嘟嘟声 2 tr.  cause to emit a beep 使发嘟嘟声 3 tr. N. Amer.  summon with a beeper [北美]按喇叭召唤 [imitative]

beeper /ˈbi:pə/ n.  1  a device that emits beeps 发嘟嘟声的装置 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BLEEPER 

beer /biə/ n.  1  a  an alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt etc., flavoured with hops (大麦等发酵后的)啤酒b  a glass or can of this 一杯(罐)啤酒 2  any of several other fermented drinks, e.g. ginger beer 低酒精饮料(如姜啤) □ beer and skittles  Brit.  amusement [英]娱乐，玩乐  life is not all beer and skittles  生活不全是吃喝玩乐 [Old English bēor via Late Latin biber ‘drink’ from Latin bibere]

beer belly n.  a stomach which protrudes as a result of excessive consumption of beer 大肚子，啤酒肚

beer cellar n.  1  an underground room for storing beer 啤酒地窖 2  a basement or cellar for selling or drinking beer (设在地下的)啤酒店

beer engine n. Brit.  a machine that draws up beer from a barrel in a cellar [英]啤酒泵

beer garden n.  a garden where beer is sold and drunk 露天啤酒店

beer gut n. slang [俚语]  = BEER BELLY 

beer hall n.  a large room where beer is sold and drunk 啤酒屋

beerhouse /ˈbiəhaʊs/ n. Brit.  a public house licensed to sell beer but not spirits [英]啤酒店

beer mat n. Brit.  a small table-mat for a beer glass [英]啤酒杯垫

beer pump n.  = BEER ENGINE 

beery /ˈbiəri/ adj. (beerier, beeriest)  1  showing the influence of drink in one's appearance or behaviour 微醺的 2  smelling or tasting of beer 有啤酒气味的 □ beerily  adv.  □ beeriness  n.  

beestings /ˈbi:stiŋz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  the first milk (esp. of a cow) after giving birth (尤指母牛的)初乳 [Old English bysting, from West Germanic]

beeswax /ˈbi:zwæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs 蜂蜡 2  this wax refined and used to polish wood 黄蜡 ●v. tr.  polish (furniture etc.) with beeswax 用黄蜡打光(家具等)

beeswing /ˈbi:zwiŋ/ n.  a filmy second crust on old port (陈年葡萄酒的)酒膜

beet /bi:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Beta with an edible root (see 见 BEETROOT, SUGAR BEET) 甜菜；甜菜根 [Old English bēte from Latin beta, perhaps of Celtic origin]

beetle1 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any insect of the order Coleoptera, with modified front wings forming hard protective cases closing over the back wings (鞘翅目)甲虫 2 colloq.  any similar, usu. black, insect [口]甲虫似的昆虫(通常黑色) 3 Brit.  a dice game in which a beetle is drawn or assembled [英]拼甲虫(一种掷骰子游戏) ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, away, etc.) colloq.  hurry, scurry [口]急忙，赶紧 [Old English bitula ‘biter’ from bītan BITE]

beetle2 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tool with a heavy head and a handle, used for ramming, crushing, driving wedges, etc. 槌，杵，木夯(用于夯打、压、捣、钉楔等) 2  a machine used for heightening the lustre of cloth by pressure from rollers 捶布机 ●v. tr.  1  ram, crush, drive, etc., with a beetle 用槌捶打，用杵捣(钉楔等) 2  finish (cloth) with a beetle 捶(布) [Old English bētel, from Germanic]

beetle3 /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ adj. & v. ●adj. (esp. of the eyebrows) projecting, shaggy, scowling (尤指眉毛)伸出的，突出的；蓬松的；愁眉苦脸的 ●v. intr. (usu. as 通常作 beetling adj.) (of brows, cliffs, etc.) project; overhang threateningly (眉毛、石崖等)突出，外伸；俯临 [Middle English: origin unknown]

beetle-browed adj.  with shaggy, projecting, or scowling eyebrows 眉毛浓而突出的；皱眉的 [BEETLE3]

beetle-crusher n. Brit. colloq.  a large boot or foot [英口]大靴子，大脚 [BEETLE1]

beetroot /ˈbi:tru:t/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a beet, Beta vulgaris, with an edible spherical dark red root (藜科植物)甜菜 2  this root used as a vegetable 甜菜根

beet sugar n.  sugar obtained from sugar beet 甜菜糖

beeves pl.  of BEEF  

BEF abbr. hist.  British Expeditionary Force [缩略] [史义]英国远征军

befall /biˈfɔ:l/ v. (past befell /biˈfel/; past part. befallen /biˈfɔ:lən/) poet. [诗]  1 intr.  happen 发生  so it befell  于是发生了这件事 2 tr.  happen to (a person etc.) 突然降临在(某人的)头上  what has befallen her?  她出什么事了？ [Old English befeallan (as BE-, feallan FALL)]

befit /biˈfit/ v. tr. (befitted, befitting)  1  be fitted or appropriate for; suit 适合，适宜，相称 2  be incumbent on 义不容辞，有责任做 □ befitting  adj.  □ befittingly  adv.  

befog /biˈfɒɡ/ v. tr. (befogged, befogging)  1  confuse; obscure 使迷惑，弄模糊 2  envelop in fog 笼罩在雾中

befool /biˈfu:l/ v. tr.  make a fool of; delude 把…当傻瓜看待；欺骗，愚弄

before /biˈfɔ:/ conj., prep. & adv. ●conj.  1  earlier than the time when 在…前  crawled before he walked  他先爬后走 2  rather than that 宁愿  would starve before he stole  宁愿饿死也不偷窃 ●prep.  1  a  in front of 在…前面  before her in the queue  排队排在她前面b  ahead of 在…之前  crossed the line before him  比他先跨过线c  under the impulse of 被…推着  recoil before the attack  遭到进攻而撤退d  awaiting 等待着…  the future before them  他们面前的未来 2  earlier than; preceding 早于，先于  Lent comes before Easter  大斋节在前，复活节在后 3  rather than 与其…，宁可…  death before dishonour  可杀不可辱 4  a  in the presence of 在…面前  appear before the judge  出现在法官面前b  for the attention of 为…所注意，向…  a plan put before the committee  向委员会提交的计划 ●adv.  1  a  earlier than the time in question; already 在前；已经  heard it before  已经听说了b  in the past 以前，过去  happened long before  发生在很早以前 2  ahead 向前  go before  向前走 3  on the front 在前面  hit before and behind  前后夹击 □ before God   a solemn oath meaning ‘as God sees me’ 在上帝面前；我发誓□ before time   see 见 TIME  [Old English beforan, from Germanic]

before Christ adv. (of a date) reckoned backwards from the birth of Christ (日期)公元前

beforehand /biˈfɔ:hænd/ adv.  in anticipation; in advance; in readiness 先；预先，事先  had prepared the meal beforehand  事先准备好了饭 □ be beforehand with   anticipate; forestall 提前；预先准备 [Middle English from BEFORE + HAND: cf. Anglo-French avant main]

befoul /biˈfaʊl/ v. tr. poet. [诗]  1  make foul or dirty 弄臭，弄脏 2  degrade; defile 使堕落，败坏  befouled her name  败坏她的名声

befriend /biˈfrend/ v. tr.  act as a friend to; help 以朋友对待，把…当作朋友扶助；帮助

befuddle /biˈfʌd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  make drunk 使醉 2  confuse 使迷惑 □ befuddlement  n.  

beg /beɡ/ v. (begged, begging)  1  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  ask for (esp. food, money, etc.) 请求施舍(尤指食物、钱等)  begged for alms  乞求施舍b tr.  ask for (food, money, etc.) as a gift 乞讨(食物、钱等)c intr.  live by begging 行乞 2 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  ask earnestly or humbly 乞求，恳求  begged for forgiveness  恳求原谅 begged to be allowed out  乞求允许出去 please, I beg of you  拜托，我求你了 beg your indulgence for a time  乞求你临时开恩 3 tr.  ask formally for 请求  beg leave  请允许 4 intr. (of a dog etc.) sit up with the front paws raised expectantly (狗等)作乞讨的姿势 5 tr.  take or ask leave (to do something) 请允许，请原谅(做某事)  I beg to differ  恕不同意 beg to enclose  敬请封上 □ beg one's bread   live by begging 靠乞讨为生□ beg off   1  decline to take part or attend 拒绝参加(或出席) 2  get (a person) excused a penalty etc. 请求免除(某人) (责罚等)□ beg pardon   apologize 请原谅□ beg the question   1  assume the truth of an argument or proposition to be proved, without arguing it 用(假定作为论据)来辩论 2 disp.  pose the question [异议]提出问题 3 colloq.  evade a difficulty [口]回避困难□ go begging (or Brit. [英] a-begging)  (of a chance or a thing) not be taken; be unwanted (机会或东西)没抓住的；没人要的 [Middle English, probably from Old English bedecian from Germanic: related to BID]■Usage 用法说明 Many people use the phrase beg the question in the disputed sense (sense 2 above). It originally meant, and still means, ‘to assume the truth of the thing that is to be proved’, e.g. By devoting such a large part of the budget for the fight against drug addiction to education, we are begging the question of its significance in the battle against drugs, i.e. we are assuming that through education we can radically reduce drug-taking. Over the years beg the question has been misunderstood and another meaning has arisen, ‘to raise the question’, or ‘invite the obvious question’, and this is now the more common use of the phrase, e.g. Most people continue to live in cities, which begs the question as to whether city life or country life is more desirable. This use has been extended even further in phrases such as The question that still needs to be begged is.... 许多人用 beg the question 这个短语的异议释义(上述释义 2) 。其本意是，现在仍然是“以要证明的事情的真相为先决条件”，如 By devoting such a large part of the budget for the fight against drug addiction to education, we are begging the question of its significance in the battle against drugs (在教育界投入这么多预算与吸毒进行斗争，我们对其在抗击毒品斗争中的意义为先决条件)。即：我们假定可以通过教育大大地减少吸毒。多年来 beg the question 的意思被误解了，而“提出问题”、“请别人提出明显的问题”的用法油然而生，且已成为当今较普遍的用法。如 Most people continue to live in cities, which begs the question as to whether city life or country life is more desirable (许多人接连不断地生活在城市里，这就提出了一个问题，是城市生活还是农村生活更令人称心如意)。这种用法甚至在有的短语中得到更进一步的发挥，如 The question that still needs to be begged is... (仍然需要提出的问题是 …) 。 

begad /biˈɡæd/ int. archaic colloq.  by God! [古义] [口]天啊！的确！完了！糟了！  [corruption: cf. GAD2]

began past  of BEGIN  

begat archaic [古义] past  of BEGET 

beget /biˈɡet/ v. tr. (begetting; past begot /biˈɡɒt/; archaic [古义] begat /biˈɡæt/; past part. begotten /biˈɡɒt(ə)n/) literary [文学用语]  1 (usu. of a father, sometimes of a father and mother) procreate (通常指父亲，有时指父母双亲)生(子女) 2  give rise to; cause 产生；引起，招致  beget strife  引起冲突 □ begetter  n.   [Old English begietan (as BE- + GET = procreate)]

beggar /ˈbeɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who begs, esp. one who lives by begging 乞丐(尤指以乞讨为生的叫化子) 2  a poor person 穷人 3 colloq.  a person; a fellow [口]家伙  poor beggar  可怜的家伙 ●v. tr.  1  reduce to poverty 使贫穷 2  outshine 胜过；优于 3  exhaust the resources of 使穷尽  it beggars description  这难以形容 □ beggars cannot (or must not) be choosers   those without other resources must take what is offered 饥不择食 [Middle English from BEG + -AR3]

beggarly /ˈbeɡəli/ adj.  1  poverty-stricken; needy 贫困的，赤贫的 2  intellectually poor 傻的，弱智的 3  mean; sordid 鄙贱的，下贱的 4  ungenerous 小气的，吝啬的 □ beggarliness  n.  

beggar-my-neighbour n.  1  a card game in which a player seeks to capture an opponent's cards 乞食成霸(以吃光对手的牌为胜的牌戏) 2 (作 attrib.) (esp. of national policy) self-aggrandizing at the expense of competitors (尤指外交政策)损人利己

beggary /ˈbeɡəri/ n.  extreme poverty 赤贫

begging bowl n.  1  a bowl etc. held out for food or alms 要饭用的碗(缽等) 2  an earnest appeal for help 求助

begging letter n. Brit.  a letter asking for a charitable gift [英]索取捐赠的信

begin /biˈɡin/ v. (beginning; past began /biˈɡæn/; past part. begun /biˈɡʌn/)  1 tr.  perform the first part of; start 开始；着手  begin work  开始工作 begin crying  哭起来 begin to understand  逐渐开始理解 2 intr.  come into being; arise 形成，出现 :a  in time 时间上  war began in 1939  战争始于 1939 年b  in space 空间上  Wales begins beyond the river  威尔士始于河对岸 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  start at a certain time 从某一时间开始  then began to feel ill  然后就开始觉得不舒服 4 intr.  be begun 开始  the meeting will begin at 7  会议将在 7 点开始 5  a tr. & intr.  start speaking 开始说话  ‘No, ’ he began  他张口就说，“不”b intr.  take the first step; be the first to do something 作为第一步；作为起始者(做某事)  who wants to begin?  谁先来？ 6 intr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  show any attempt or likelihood [口]表示试图(或可能)  can't begin to compete  根本不能竞争 □ begin at   start from 从…开始□ begin on (or upon)   set to work at 着手，动手□ begin school   attend school for the first time 开始上学□ begin with   take (a subject, task, etc.) first or as a starting point 先做(某项目)，以(某任务等)开始□ to begin with   in the first place; as the first thing 首先，第一 [Old English beginnan, from Germanic]

beginner /biˈɡinə/ n.  a person just beginning to learn a skill etc. (技能等)初学者，生手 □ beginner's luck   good luck supposed to attend a beginner at games etc. (游戏等中的)新手的好运气

beginning /biˈɡiniŋ/ n.  1  the time or place at which anything begins 当初，初期；出发点；开端 2  a source or origin 起源；源头 3  the first part 开头部分 □ the beginning of the end   the first clear sign of a final result 预示最后结果的先兆

begone /biˈɡɒn/ int. poet.  go away at once! [诗]出去！走开！滚！ 

begonia /biˈɡəʊniə/ n.  a plant of the genus Begonia, having flowers with brightly coloured sepals and no petals, and often glossy foliage 秋海棠(秋海棠属) [M. Bégon, French patron of science, d. 1710]

begorra /biˈɡɒrə/ int. Ir.  by God! [爱尔兰]天哪！糟了！完了！  [corruption]

begot past  of BEGET  

begotten past part.  of BEGET  

begrime /biˈɡraim/ v. tr.  make grimy 弄脏，玷污

begrudge /biˈɡrʌdʒ/ v. tr.  1  resent; be dissatisfied at 怨恨，对…不满 2  envy (a person) the possession of 羡慕(某人)所有，忌妒 □ begrudgingly  adv.  

beguile /biˈɡail/ v. tr.  1  charm; amuse 使着迷，使开心 2  divert attention pleasantly from (toil etc.) (从劳苦等中)轻松地消磨 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, out of, or into + verbal noun)  delude; cheat 欺骗，欺诈  beguiled him into paying  骗他付账 □ beguilement  n.  □ beguiler  n.  □ beguiling  adj.  □ beguilingly  adv.   [BE- + obsolete guile ‘to deceive’]

beguine /beiˈɡi:n/ n.  1  a popular dance of W. Indian origin 比津舞 2  its rhythm 比津舞曲 [W. Indian French from French béguin ‘infatuation’]

begum /ˈbeiɡəm/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent 在印度次大陆)  1  a Muslim lady of high rank 穆斯林的贵妇 2 (Begum)  the title of a married Muslim woman, equivalent to Mrs 夫人(穆斯林对已婚妇女的称谓) [Urdu begam from Eastern Turkish bīgam ‘princess’, fem. of big ‘prince’]

begun past part.  of BEGIN  

behalf /biˈhɑ:f/ n.   □ on (or esp. US [尤美] in) behalf of (or on a person's behalf)   1  in the interests of (a person, principle, etc.) 为了(某人、某项原则等)利益 2  as representative of 代表…  acting on behalf of my client  代表我的委托人行事 [mixture of earlier phrases on his halve and bihalve him, both = on his side: see BY, HALF]■Usage 用法说明 On behalf of should not be confused with on the part of, which means ‘proceeding from, done or initiated by’. Behalf cannot replace part in: His death was largely due to panic on his part. Note the different senses expressed by a long struggle on behalf of the strikers (the struggle being carried out by people other than the strikers), and a long struggle on the part of the strikers (the struggle being carried out by the strikers). 不可将 on behalf of 与 on the part of 用混， on the part of 的意思是“出自，由某人所做(或开的头)”。下面句中 behalf 不可代替 part: His death was largely due to panic on his part (他的死大部分是由于他的恐慌)。注意下面所表达的不同释义 : a long struggle on behalf of the strikers (代表罢工者的长期斗争) (the struggle being carried out by people other than the strikers 罢工者以外的人所进行的斗争)；以及 a long struggle on the part of the strikers (罢工者的长期斗争) (the struggle being carried out by the strikers 由罢工者所进行的斗争)。 

behave /biˈheiv/ v.  1 intr.  a  act or react (in a specified way) (以某种特殊方式)行为，表现，举止  behaved well  行为好b (esp. to or of a child) conduct oneself properly (尤指小孩或对小孩)守规矩，举止得体c (of a machine etc.) work well (or in a specified way) (机器等)开动，(以某种特殊方式)运转  the computer is not behaving today  计算机今天运转不佳 2 refl. (esp. of or to a child) show good manners (尤指小孩或对小孩)举止好，讲礼貌  behaved herself  她很乖 □ behave towards   treat (in a specified way) (以某种方式)对待 [BE- + HAVE]

behaviour /biˈheivjə/ n. (US [美] behavior)  1  a  the way one conducts oneself; manners 行为，举动b  the treatment of others; moral conduct 态度，品行 2  the way in which a ship, machine, chemical substance, etc., acts or works (船、机器的)性能，特性；(药品等的)作用，效力 3 Psychol.  the response (of a person, animal, etc.) to a stimulus 【心】(人、动物等)对刺激的反应 □ be on one's good (or best) behaviour   behave well when being observed 行为检点，举动规矩 [BEHAVE on the pattern of demeanour and influenced by obsolete haviour from have]

behavioural /biˈheivjər(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] behavioral)  of or relating to behaviour (有关)行为的 □ behaviouralist  n.  

behavioural science n.  the scientific study of human and animal behaviour 行为科学，(人类和动物)行为学

behaviourism /biˈheivjəriz(ə)m/ n. (US [美] behaviorism) Psychol. 【心】  1  the theory that human behaviour is determined by conditioning rather than by thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behaviour patterns 行为主义 2  such study and treatment in practice 行为主义的研究与方法 □ behaviourist  n.  □ behaviouristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

behaviour therapy n.  the treatment of neurotic symptoms by training the patient's reactions to stimuli (see 见 BEHAVIOURISM) 行为疗法

behead /biˈhed/ v. tr.  cut off the head of (a person), esp. as a form of execution; kill in this way (尤指作为一种死刑)把(某人)斩首，砍(某人的)头 [Old English behēafdian (as BE-, hēafod HEAD)]

beheld past and past part.  of BEHOLD 

behemoth /biˈhi:mɒθ, ˈbi:himəʊθ/ n.  an enormous creature or thing 巨兽，庞然大物 [Middle English from Hebrew bĕhēmôt, intensive pl. of bĕhēmɑˉh ‘beast’, perhaps from Egyptian p-ehe-mau ‘water-ox’]

behest /biˈhest/ n. literary  a command; an entreaty [文学用语]命令，指示；请求  went at his behest  按他的指示 [Old English behœˉs, from Germanic]

behind /biˈhaind/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  a  in, towards, or to the rear of 在…的后面；向…的后面；到…后面b  on the further side of 在…那边  behind the bush  在树丛那边c  hidden by 隐藏在…后  something behind that remark  话里有话 2  a  in the past in relation to 对…说来已成过去  trouble is behind me now  现在我已经没有烦恼了b  late in relation to 迟于，晚于  behind schedule  落后于计划 3  inferior to; weaker than 落后于，比…差  rather behind the others in his maths  他的数学比其他人差得多 4  a  in support of 支持  she's right behind us  她非常支持我们b  responsible for; giving rise to 对…负责；引起…  the man behind the project  负责这项工程的人 the reasons behind his resignation  导致他辞职的原因 5  in the tracks of; following 追随…，跟着 ●adv.  1  a  in or to or towards the rear; further back 在后面，向后面，朝后  the street behind  后面的路 glance behind  向后看b  on the further side 在那边，在后边  a high wall with a field behind  后面有一片地的高墙 2  remaining after departure 留在原处  leave behind  留下，遗忘 stay behind  留下来 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  in arrears 拖欠  behind with the rent  拖欠租金b  late in accomplishing a task etc. (任务等)落后  working too slowly and getting behind  干得太慢以致落后了 4  in a weak position; backward 差，弱  behind in Latin  拉丁语差 5  following 随后  his dog running behind  他的狗跟在后面 ●n.  1 colloq.  the buttocks [口]屁股 2 (in Australian Rules) a kick etc. sending the ball over the behind line, scoring one point (澳式橄榄球中)射门得分 □ behind a person's back   without a person's knowledge 背着某人，在某人不知道的情况下□ behind the scenes   see 见 SCENE □ behind time   late 误期，迟□ behind the times   antiquated 过时的，落后的□ come from behind   win after lagging 迎头赶上□ put behind one   1  refuse to consider 拒绝考虑，置于脑后 2  get over (an unhappy experience etc.) 熬过(一段不愉快的经历等) [Old English behindan, bihindan from bi BY + hindan ‘from behind’]

behindhand /biˈhaindhænd/ adv. & predic. adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  late (in discharging a duty, paying a debt, etc.) 落后(的)，迟延(做事、还债等) (的) 2  out of date; behind time 过时(的)，落后于时代(的) [BEHIND + HAND: cf. BEFOREHAND]

behind line n. (in Australian Rules) the line between an inner and outer goalpost (按澳大利亚规则)门柱线

behold /biˈhəʊld/ v. tr. (past and past part. beheld /biˈheld/) (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) literary  see, observe [文学用语]看，瞧，观察 □ beholder  n.   [Old English bihaldan (as BE-, haldan ‘hold’)]

beholden /biˈhəʊld(ə)n/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  under obligation 负有义务的 [past part. (obsolete except in this use) of BEHOLD, = bound]

behoof /biˈhu:f/ n. (prec. by 前接 to, for, on; foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  benefit; advantage [古义]利益，好处 [Old English behōf]

behove /biˈhəʊv/ v. tr. (US [美] behoove /-ˈhu:v/) (prec. by 前接 it as subject 作主语； foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) formal [正式]  1  be incumbent on 对…责无旁贷，是…的义务 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  befit 适宜，适合  ill behoves him to protest  他抗议是不合适的 [Old English behōfian from behōf: see BEHOOF]

beige /beiʒ, beidʒ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pale sandy fawn colour 米色 ●adj.  of this colour 米色的 [French: ultimate origin unknown]

Beijing /ˈbeiˈdʒiŋ/ n.  北京 [中华人民共和国首都]

being /ˈbi:iŋ/ n.  1  existence 存在 2  the nature or essence (of a person etc.) (人等的)本性，本质  his whole being revolted  他的本性是叛逆的 3  a human being 人 4  anything that exists or is imagined 生物，存在物，想像物 □ in being   existing 存在的，现存的

Beira /ˈbaiərə/ n.  贝拉 [莫桑比克港市]

Beirut /beiˈru:t/ n.  贝鲁特 [黎巴嫩首都]

bejabers /biˈdʒeibəz/ int. (also 亦作 bejabbers /-ˈdʒæbəz/) Ir.  by Jesus! [爱尔兰]耶稣作证 [corruption]

bejewelled /biˈdʒu:əld/ adj. (US [美] bejeweled)  adorned with jewels 饰有珠宝的，镶嵌珠宝的

bel /bel/ n.  a unit used in the comparison of power levels in electrical communication or intensities of sound, corresponding to an intensity ratio of 10 to 1 (cf. 参见 DECIBEL) 贝，贝尔(电平单位) [A. G. Bell, inventor of telephone d. 1922]

belabour /biˈleibə/ v. tr. (US [美] belabor)  1  a  thrash; beat 鞭打；打b  attack verbally 猛烈攻击 2  argue or elaborate (a subject) in excessive detail 对(某论题)作啰啰嗦嗦的说明 [BE- + LABOUR = exert one's strength]

Belarus   白俄罗斯

belated /biˈleitid/ adj.  1  coming late or too late 来迟的；延误的 2  overtaken by darkness 天黑还在赶路的 □ belatedly  adv.  □ belatedness  n.   [past part. of obsolete belate ‘delay’ (as BE-, LATE)]

belay /biˈlei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  fix (a running rope) round a cleat, pin, rock, etc., to secure it 把(绳)拴在羊角(桡座、石头等)上；固定，系牢 2 tr. & intr. (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) Naut. slang  stop; enough! (esp. 尤指 belay there! 停止 !) 【海】[俚语]停，够了 ●n.  1  an act of belaying 系绳 2  a spike of rock etc. used for belaying (岩石等的凸出地方)系绳处 [Dutch beleggen]■Usage 用法说明 In mountaineering contexts, this word is often stressed on the first syllable /ˈbi:lei/. 用于登山语境中，该词通常重读第一音节 /ˈbi:lei/ 。 

belaying-pin n.  a fixed wooden or iron pin used to secure a rope which is fastened around it 系绳栓，套索桩

bel canto /bel ˈkæntəʊ/ n.  1  a lyrical style of operatic singing using a full rich broad tone and smooth phrasing 美声唱法 2 (作 attrib.) (of a type of aria or voice) characterized by this type of singing (唱腔或声音)美声的 [Italian, = fine song]

belch /beltʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  emit wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth 打嗝，呃逆 2 tr.  a (of a chimney, volcano, gun, etc.) send (smoke etc.) out or up (烟囱、火山、枪等)冒烟(喷烟)b  utter forcibly 蛮横地发出 ●n.  an act of belching 打嗝 [Old English belcettan]

beldam /ˈbeldəm/ n. (also 亦作 beldame) archaic [古义]  1  an old woman; a hag 老太婆；女巫 2  a virago 泼妇，悍妇 [Middle English & Old French bel ‘beautiful’ + DAM2, DAME]

beleaguer /biˈli:ɡə/ v. tr.  1  besiege 包围，围攻 2  vex; harass 使苦恼，使烦恼；折磨 [Dutch belegeren ‘camp round’ (as BE-, leger ‘a camp’)]

belemnite /ˈbeləmnait/ n.  any extinct cephalopod of the order Belemnoidea, having a bullet-shaped internal shell often found in fossilized form 箭石(绝灭的头足类动物的化石) [modern Latin belemnites from Greek belemnon ‘dart’ + -ITE1]

bel esprit /bel eˈspri:, 法 bel ɛspri/ n. (pl. beaux esprits /bəʊz eˈspri:, 法 boz ɛspri/)  a witty person 才子，有才智的人 [French, literally ‘fine mind’]

Belfast /belˈfɑ:st/ n.  贝尔法斯特 [英国港市]

belfry /ˈbelfri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a bell tower or steeple housing bells, esp. forming part of a church (尤指构成教堂一部分的)钟楼，钟塔；钟架 2  a space for hanging bells in a church tower 教堂的钟室 □ bats in the belfry   see 见 BAT2  [Middle English via Old French berfrei from Frankish: altered by association with bell]

Belgian /ˈbeldʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Belgium in W. Europe 比利时人；比利时国民 2  a person of Belgian descent 比利时人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Belgium (有关)比利时的

Belgian hare n.  a dark red long-eared breed of domestic rabbit 比利时兔

Belgic /ˈbeldʒik/ adj.  1  of the ancient Belgae of N. Gaul (有关)比利时人的 2  of the Low Countries 低地国家的 [Latin Belgicus from Belgae]

Belgium   比利时

Belgrade /belˈgreid/ n.  贝尔格莱德 [南斯拉夫首都]

Belial /ˈbi:liəl/ n.  the Devil 彼勒(《圣经》中魔鬼的别名)；恶魔，魔鬼 [Hebrew bĕliyyaˈal ‘worthless’]

belie /biˈlai/ v. tr. (belying)  1  give a false notion of; fail to corroborate 给人以…的假象；证明为虚假  its appearance belies its age  外表掩饰其年代 2  a  fail to fulfil (a promise etc.) 未能实现(诺言等)b  fail to justify (a hope etc.) 使(希望等)落空 [Old English belēogan (as BE-, lēogan LIE2)]

belief /biˈli:f/ n.  1  a  a person's religion; religious conviction 信条；信仰  has no belief  没有信仰b  a firm opinion 坚信  my belief is that he did it  我坚信是他做的c  an acceptance (of a thing, fact, statement, etc.) 相信(一件事情、事实、话语等)  belief in the afterlife  相信有来世 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  trust or confidence 信任，信心 □ beyond belief   incredible 难以置信□ to the best of my belief   in my genuine opinion 我相信，就我所知 [Middle English from Old English gelēafa (as BELIEVE)]

believe /biˈli:v/ v.  1 tr.  accept as true or as conveying the truth 相信；相信…的真实性  I believe it  我信 don't believe him  别信他 believes what he is told  相信他说的话 2 tr.  think, suppose 认为；想，猜想  I believe it's raining  我觉得在下雨 Mr Smith, I believe?  我想是史密斯先生？ 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  a  have faith in the existence of 信奉…的存在，信仰  believes in God  信仰上帝b  have confidence in (a remedy, a person, etc.) 对(治疗、某人等)有信心，信任  believes in alternative medicine  相信非传统性药物c  have trust in the advisability of 相信某人的劝说  believes in telling the truth  相信说的是实话 4 intr.  have (esp. religious) faith 信奉，信仰(尤指宗教) □ believe one's ears (or eyes)   accept that what one apparently hears or sees etc. is true 相信亲耳听见(或亲眼见到等)的事□ believe it or not  colloq.  it is true though surprising [口]信不信由你□ would you believe it?  colloq. [口]  = believe it or not □ believable  adj.  □ believability  /-ˌli:vəˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English belyˉfan, belēfan, with change of prefix from gelēfan, from Germanic: related to LIEF]

believer /biˈli:və/ n.  1  an adherent of a specified religion 信仰者，信徒 2  a person who believes, esp. in the efficacy of something 相信(尤指某物效能)的人  a great believer in exercise  相信运动的人

Belinda /biˈlində/   比琳达 [人名]

Belisha beacon /biˈli:ʃə/ n. Brit.  a flashing orange ball surmounted on a striped post, marking some pedestrian crossings [英]贝利沙人行横道指示灯(为橘黄色闪光灯) [L. Hore-Belisha (d. 1957), Minister of Transport 1934]

belittle /biˈlit(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  make seem unimportant; depreciate; disparage 轻视；小看；贬低 2  make small; diminish in size 使小；使缩小 □ belittlement  n.  □ belittler  n.  □ belittlingly  adv.  

Belize   伯利兹

Belizean /beˈli:ziən/ adj. & n.  伯利兹的(人)

bell1 /bel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hollow usu. metal object in the shape of a deep inverted cup usu. widening at the lip, made to sound a clear musical note when struck (either externally or by means of a clapper inside) (通常金属制，口部边缘开阔的)钟，铃(可从外部敲打或由里面的铃舌碰撞) 2  a  a sound or stroke of a bell, esp. as a signal (尤作为信号的)钟声，铃声b (prec. by a numeral 前接数目) Naut.  the time as indicated every half-hour of a watch by the striking of the ship's bell one to eight times 【海】八击钟，轮班钟 3  anything that sounds like or functions as a bell, esp. an electronic device that rings etc. as a signal (尤指电子设备，其声响等可作为信号的)如钟的东西 4  a  a bell-shaped object or part, e.g. of a musical instrument 钟状物(如乐器)b  the corolla of a flower when bell-shaped 钟状花冠 5 (in pl. 用复数) Mus.  a set of cylindrical metal tubes of different lengths, suspended in a frame and played by being struck with a hammer 【音】编钟乐器 ●v. tr.  1  provide with a bell or bells; attach a bell to 装铃于；系铃于 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  form into the shape of the lip of a bell 使成钟口状，使成铃口状 □ clear (or sound) as a bell   perfectly clear or sound 极为清晰□ give a person a bell  Brit. colloq.  telephone a person [英口]给某人打电话□ ring a bell  colloq.  revive a distant recollection; sound familiar [口]引起模糊记忆；听着熟悉 [Old English belle: perhaps related to BELL2]

bell2 /bel/ n. & v. ●n.  the cry of a stag or buck at rutting time (交尾期的)雄鹿鸣声 ●v. intr.  make this cry 雄鹿鸣叫 [Old English bellan ‘bark, bellow’]

belladonna /beləˈdɒnə/ n.  1  deadly nightshade 颠茄 2 Med.  a drug prepared from this 【医】颠茄制剂 [modern Latin from Italian bella donna ‘fair lady’, perhaps from the use of its juice to make the eyes brilliant by dilating the pupils]

belladonna lily n.  = AMARYLLIS 1 

bellbird /ˈbelbɜ:d/ n.  any of various birds with a bell-like song, esp. any Central or S. American bird of the genus Procnias, or a New Zealand honeyeater, Anthornis melanura (尤指中、南美洲钟雀属)钟雀；(新西兰)钟吸蜜鸟

bell-bottom n.  1  a marked flare below the knee (of a trouser leg) (裤腿的)喇叭口 2 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers with bell-bottoms 喇叭裤 □ bell-bottomed  adj.  

bellboy /ˈbelbɔi/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a page in a hotel or club [尤北美]旅馆侍者；俱乐部服务员

bell-buoy n.  a buoy equipped with a warning bell rung by the motion of the sea (装)钟浮标

belle /bel/ n.  1  a beautiful woman 美女 2  a woman recognized as the most beautiful 第一美人  the belle of the ball  舞会花魁 [French from Latin bella, fem. of bellus ‘beautiful’]

belle laide /bel ˈleid, 法 bɛl lɛd/ n. (pl. belles laides pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a fascinatingly ugly woman 别具魅力的丑女人 [French from belle ‘beautiful’ + laide ‘ugly’]

belles-lettres /belˈletrə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  writings or studies of a literary nature, esp. essays and criticisms 纯文学，纯文艺(尤指随笔和评论) □ belletrism  /belˈletriz(ə)m/ n.  □ belletrist  /belˈletrist/ n.  □ belletristic  /beləˈtristik/ adj.   [French, = fine letters]

belle époque /bel eiˈpɒk, 法 bɛl epɔk/ n.  the period of settled and comfortable life preceding the First World War (第一次世界大战前的)美好年代 [French, = fine period]

bellflower /ˈbelflaʊə/ n.  = CAMPANULA 

bell-founder n.  a person who casts large bells in a foundry 铸钟工人

bell-glass n.  a bell-shaped glass cover for plants (用于保护植物的)钟形玻璃罩

bellicose /ˈbelikəʊs/ adj.  eager to fight; warlike 爱打架的；好战的 □ bellicosity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin bellicosus, from bellum ‘war’]

belligerence /biˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 belligerency /-r(ə)nsi/)  1  aggressive or warlike behaviour 好战性；战争行为 2  the status of a belligerent 交战状态

belligerent /biˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  engaged in war or conflict 交战中的；在斗殴的 2  given to constant fighting; pugnacious 好战的，好斗的 ●n.  a nation or person engaged in war or conflict 交战国，交战的一方；斗殴者 □ belligerently  adv.   [Latin belligerare ‘wage war’, from bellum ‘war’ + gerere ‘wage’]

bell jar n.  a bell-shaped glass cover or container for use in a laboratory (实验室用的)钟形玻璃罩，钟形玻璃容器

bellman /ˈbelmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist.  a town crier [史义]敲钟者，更夫

bell metal n.  an alloy of copper and tin for making bells (the tin content being greater than in bronze) 钟铜，青铜(铜与锡的合金，锡比铜含量高)

bellow /ˈbeləʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  emit a deep loud roar 吼，大声叫b  cry or shout with pain (痛苦地)哭，叫 2 tr.  utter loudly and usu. angrily (通常愤怒地)怒吼 ●n.  a bellowing sound 怒吼声 [Middle English: perhaps related to BELL2]

bellows /ˈbeləʊz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when squeezed, esp. 风箱，尤指 :a (in full 全称 pair of bellows)  a kind with two handles used for blowing air on to a fire 手用吹风器，“皮老虎”b  a kind used in a harmonium or small organ (乐器的)风箱 2  an expandable component, e.g. joining the lens to the body of a camera (如照相机的)皮腔，折箱 [Middle English, probably from Old English belga, pl. of belig ‘BELLY’]

bell pull n.  a cord or handle which rings a bell when pulled 钟的拉索；铃扣

bell push n. Brit.  a button that operates an electric bell when pushed [英]电铃按钮

bell-ringer n.  a person who rings church bells or handbells 教堂敲钟的人；摇铃的人 □ bell-ringing  n.  

bells and whistles n. pl. esp. Computing  attractive additional features or trimmings; gimmicks (尤)【计算】华而不实的点缀品；装饰物 [an allusion to the old fairground organs with their multiplicity of bells and whistles]

Bell's palsy /belz/ n.  paralysis of the facial nerve causing muscular weakness in one side of the face 贝尔麻痹，面瘫，面神经麻痹 [Sir Charles Bell, Scottish anatomist d. 1842]

bell tent n.  a cone-shaped tent supported by a central pole 钟形帐篷

bell-wether n.  1  the leading sheep of a flock, with a bell on its neck 领头羊，系铃羊 2  a ringleader 首领，头目

belly /ˈbeli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the part of the human body below the chest, containing the stomach and bowels (人的)肚子 2  the stomach, esp. representing the body's need for food 胃(尤表示某人的食欲) 3  the front of the body from the waist to the groin 腹部 4  the underside of a four-legged animal 四脚动物的下部(腹部) 5  a  a cavity or bulging part of anything (物体的)凹凸部b  the surface of an instrument of the violin family, across which the strings are placed (弦乐器的)面板 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  swell or cause to swell; bulge (使)鼓起；膨胀 □ go belly up  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  go bankrupt; die [尤北美口]破产；死 [Old English belig (originally = bag), from Germanic]

bellyache /ˈbelieik/ n. & v. ●n. colloq.  a stomach pain [口]肚子痛，胃痛，腹痛 ●v. intr. slang  complain noisily or persistently [俚语]发牢骚；嘀咕抱怨 □ bellyacher  n.  

bellyband /ˈbelibænd/ n.  a band placed round a horse's belly, holding the shafts of a cart etc. (马与车轴等相连的)肚带

belly button n. colloq.  the navel [口]脐

belly dance n.  an oriental dance performed by a woman, involving voluptuous movements of the belly (东方)肚皮舞 □ belly dancer  n.  □ belly dancing  n.  

bellyflop /ˈbeliflɒp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a dive into water in which the body lands with the belly flat on the water 肚子先着水的跳水动作 ●v. intr. (-flopped, -flopping)  perform such a dive 肚子先着水地跳水

bellyful /ˈbelifʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  enough to eat 一肚子，满肚子 2 colloq.  enough or more than enough of anything (esp. unwelcome) [口]过量，过分(尤指不受欢迎)

belly landing n.  a crash landing of an aircraft on the underside of the fuselage, without lowering the undercarriage (飞机的)机腹着陆

belly laugh n.  a loud unrestrained laugh 捧腹大笑

belong /biˈlɒŋ/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  be the property of (财产)属于b  be rightly assigned to as a duty, right, part, member, characteristic, etc. (义务、权利、部分、成员、特征等)归属于，应归入c  be a member of (a club, family, group, etc.) 是(俱乐部、家庭、群体等)的成员 2  have the right personal or social qualities to be a member of a particular group 合得来，适宜  he's nice but just doesn't belong  他很棒，但就是格格不入 3 (foll. by 后跟 in, under) : a  be rightly placed or classified 应归入…地方，应放在…类b  fit a particular environment 适合…的环境 □ belongingness  n.   [Middle English from intensive BE- + longen ‘belong’ related to Old English gelang ‘at hand, together with’]

belongings /biˈlɒŋiŋz/ n. pl.  one's movable possessions or luggage 动产；行李

Belorussian /beləʊˈrʌʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Byelorussian /bjeləʊ-/) ●n.  1  a native of Belarus in eastern Europe (有关)白俄罗斯人 2  the East Slavonic language of Belarus 白俄罗斯语 ●adj.  of or relating to Belarus, its people, or its language (有关)白俄罗斯的；(有关)白俄罗斯人的；(有关)白俄罗斯语的 [Russian Belorussiya from belyĭ ‘white’ + Russiya ‘Russia’]

beloved /biˈlʌvid, -ˈlʌvd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  much loved 被热爱的；所钟爱的 ●n.  a much loved person 可爱的人，心爱的人 [obsolete belove, from intensive BE- + LOVE v.]

below /biˈləʊ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  lower in position (vertically, down a slope or stream, etc.) than (纵深、坡面、小河等)在…下面 2  beneath the surface of; at or to a greater depth than 在…表面之下；在(到)…下面  head below water  头在水面以下 below 500 feet  500 英尺以下 3  lower or less than in amount or degree (数量、程度上)在…以下  below freezing point  冰点以下 4  lower in rank, position, or importance than (等级、地位、重要性)低于 5  unworthy of 不值得 ●adv.  1  at or to a lower point or level 在下面；到下面 2  a  downstairs 在楼下；到楼下  lives below  住在楼下b  downstream 在下游 3 (of a text reference) further forward on a page or in a book (文本参考)在一页的末端；在下文中  as noted below  如页末所注 4  on the lower side 下面，下方  looks similar above and below  整体上看有相似处 5 literary  on earth; in hell [文学用语]在世上；在地狱 □ below stairs  Brit.  in the basement of a house esp. as the part occupied by servants [英]在楼下，在地下室(尤指在仆人的住处) [BE- + LOW1]

Bel Paese /bel pɑ:ˈeizi/ n. propr.  a rich white mild creamy cheese of a kind originally made in Italy [商标] (意大利)“丽乡”乳酪 [Italian, = fair country]

belt /belt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip of leather or other material worn round the waist or across the chest, esp. to retain or support clothes or to carry weapons or as a safety belt (尤指系住衣服、携带武器用的)带，腰带，肩带；安全带 2  a belt worn as a sign of rank or achievement 表示地位(或成就)的绶带 3  a  a circular band of material used as a driving medium in machinery 传动带b  a conveyor belt 输送带c  a flexible strip carrying machine-gun cartridges 子弹带 4  a strip of colour or texture etc. differing from that on each side (颜色、织物等的)颜色带 5  a distinct region or extent 地区；地带  cotton belt  产棉地区 commuter belt  月票居民带 a belt of rain  降雨带 6 slang  a heavy blow [俚语]打击，猛击 ●v.  1 tr.  put a belt round 在…系带子，用带系上 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  fasten with a belt 用带扎牢 3 tr.  a  beat with a belt 用皮带抽打b slang  hit hard [俚语]痛打 4 intr. slang  rush, hurry [俚语]快走，急走 usu. with compl. 通常与补语连用 : belted along  一路飞驶 belted home  急忙赶回家 □ below the belt   unfair or unfairly; disregarding the rules 不公的(地)；违规的(地)□ belt and braces  Brit. (of a policy etc.) of twofold security [英] (政策等)双重保险的□ belt out  slang  sing or utter loudly and forcibly [俚语]高歌，大声说话□ belt up   1 slang  be quiet [俚语]保持安静 2 colloq.  put on a seat belt [口]系上座位上的安全带□ tighten one's belt   live more frugally 勒紧裤带，省吃俭用□ under one's belt   1 (of food) eaten (食物)已吃进肚子，在胃中 2  securely acquired 已获得的，已得到的  has a degree under her belt  她已拿到了学位□ belter  n. (esp. in sense of belt out 尤用于 belt out 的释义)   [Old English via Germanic from Latin balteus]

Beltane /ˈbeltein/ n.  an ancient Celtic festival celebrated on May Day (古代 5 月 1 日凯尔特人的)五朔节 [Gaelic bealltainn]

belt drive n.  a driving mechanism powered by a continuous flexible belt 皮带传动(装置)

belted galloway  see 见 GALLOWAY 1 

beltman /ˈbeltmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Austral.  a member of a life-saving team of surfers [澳] (冲浪)救生员

beltway /ˈbeltwei/ n. US [美]  1  a ring road 环形公路，环路 2 (usu. 通常作 Beltway) (often 常作 attrib.)  Washington, DC, esp. as representing the perceived insularity of the US government 华盛顿特区的(尤象征美国政府)

beluga /biˈlu:ɡə/ n.  1  a  a large kind of sturgeon, Huso huso 鲟b  caviar obtained from it 鲟子酱 2  a white whale 白鲸 [Russian beluga from belyĭ ‘white’]

belvedere /ˈbelvidiə/ n.  a summer house or open-sided gallery usu. at rooftop level (通常顶层的)望楼，观景楼 [Italian from bel ‘beautiful’ + vedere ‘see’]

belying pres. part.  of BELIE  

BEM abbr.  British Empire Medal [缩略]不列颠帝国勋章

bemire /biˈmaiə/ v. tr.  1  cover or stain with mud 被泥弄脏，使沾上污泥 2 (in passive 用被动)  be stuck in mud 陷入泥中 [BE- + MIRE]

bemoan /biˈməʊn/ v. tr.  1  express regret or sorrow over; lament 悲叹；哀悼，惋惜 2  complain about 对…不满，抱怨 [BE- + MOAN]

bemuse /biˈmju:z/ v. tr.  stupefy or bewilder (a person) 使…迷迷糊糊，使(某人)茫然，使发呆 □ bemusedly  /-zidli/ adv.  □ bemusement  n.   [BE- + MUSE2]

Ben /ben/   本 [人名]

ben1 /ben/ n. Sc.  a high mountain or mountain peak, esp. in names [苏格兰] (尤指用名称命名的)山峰  Ben Nevis  尼维斯峰 [Gaelic beann]

ben2 /ben/ n. Sc.  an inner room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage [苏格兰] (尤指相连二室的农舍的)内室 [elliptical use of ben (adv.), = within (Old English binnan)]

bench /ben(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long seat of wood or stone for seating several people 长凳，条凳 2  a working-table, e.g. for a carpenter, mechanic, or scientist (如木工、机工或科研人员用的)工作台 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the office of judge or magistrate 法官(或地方行政官)的职位b  a judge's seat in a law court 法官席c  a law court 法庭d  judges and magistrates collectively 法官(总称) 4 (often in pl. 常用复数) Sport  an area to the side of a pitch, with seating where coaches and players not taking part can watch the game 【运动】教练员和运动员的场外席 5 Brit. Parl.  a seat appropriated as specified [英] [议]议员席  front bench  前座议员 6  a level ledge in masonry or an earthwork, on a hill-slope, etc. (山坡等上的)平台，阶地 ●v. tr.  1  exhibit (a dog) at a show 展览(狗) 2 N. Amer. Sport  withdraw (a player) from the pitch to the benches [北美]【运动】使(运动员)退出比赛(坐到替补队员席上) □ on the bench   1  appointed a judge or magistrate 当法官，当地方行政官 2 Sport  acting as substitute or reserve 【运动】当替补，作后备 [Old English benc from Germanic: related to BANK1]

bencher /ˈben(t)ʃə/ n.  1 Brit. Law  a senior member of any of the Inns of Court [英]【法律】英国律师学院的主管委员 2 (in comb. 用复合词) Parl.  an occupant of a specified bench [议]特殊议席  backbencher  后座议员

benchmark /ˈben(t)ʃmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a surveyor's mark cut in a wall, pillar, building, etc., used as a reference point in measuring altitudes (墙、柱、建筑物等上的)水准基点，水准标点 2  a  a standard or point of reference 标准，基准b  a problem designed to evaluate the performance of a computer system (计算机系统的)基准测试(程序) ●v. tr.  evaluate or check by comparison with a benchmark (用基准)测量性能

benchmark test n.  a test using a benchmark 基准测试

bench test n. & v. esp. Computing (尤)【计算】  ●n.  a test carried out on a machine, component, etc. before it is released for use (机器、部件等投放使用前的)测试 ●v. tr.  run a bench test on 测试

bend1 /bend/ v. & n. ●v. (past bent; past part. bent except in 除用于 bended knee)  1  a tr.  force or adapt (something straight) into a curve or angle 使(直物)弯曲b intr. (of an object) be altered in this way (某物)变弯曲 2 intr.  move or stretch in a curved course 转弯，转向  the road bends to the left  公路向左弯去 3 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, over, etc.)  incline or cause to incline from the vertical 屈身，俯身  bent down to pick it up  弯腰把它拾起来 4 tr.  interpret or modify (a rule) to suit oneself 解释，修改(规则) 5 tr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 to, on)  direct or devote (oneself or one's attention, energies, etc.) 使(自己)专注于；把(注意力、精力等)集中于 6 tr.  turn (one's steps or eyes) in a new direction 把(某人的脚步或目光)移向 7 tr. (in passive 用被语 ; foll. by 后跟 on)  have firmly decided; be determined 决心要；一心要  was bent on selling  执意要卖掉 on pleasure bent  愉快的决定 8  a intr.  stoop or submit 屈服，顺从  bent before his master  在他主人面前毕恭毕敬b tr.  force to submit 使服从 9 tr. Naut.  attach (a sail or cable) with a knot 【海】系，系紧(帆或绳索) ●n.  1  a curve in a road or other course 弯曲 2  a departure from a straight course 弯，曲 3  a bent part of anything 弯曲处 4 (作 the bends) colloq.  decompression sickness, esp. in divers [口] (尤指潜水员的)减压病 □ bend over backwards   see 见 BACKWARDS □ round (or US [美] around) the bend  colloq.  crazy, insane [口]疯狂的，发疯的□ bendable  adj.   [Old English bendan, from Germanic]

bend2 /bend/ n.  1 Naut.  any of various knots for tying ropes 【海】索结  fisherman's bend  渔人打的索结 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  a diagonal stripe from top right to bottom left of a shield 右斜线b (bend sinister)  a diagonal stripe from top left to bottom right, as a sign of bastardy 左斜线(庶出标记) [Old English bend ‘band, bond’, from Germanic]

bender /ˈbendə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a wild drinking spree 狂饮 2 offens.  a homosexual [冒犯]搞同性性关系的人 [BEND1 + -ER1]

bendy /ˈbendi/ adj. (bendier, bendiest) colloq.  capable of bending; soft and flexible [口]可弯曲的；柔软的，柔韧的 □ bendiness  n.  

beneath /biˈni:θ/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  not worthy of; too demeaning for 不值得；有失…的身份  it was beneath him to reply  回答这件事有失他的身份 2  below, under 在…的下方，在…的底下 ●adv.  below, under, underneath 在下方，在下，在底下 □ beneath contempt   see 见 CONTEMPT  [Old English binithan, bineothan, from bi BY + nithan etc. ‘below’, from Germanic]

benedicite /beniˈdaisiti/ n.  a blessing, esp. a grace said at table in religious communities 祈福(尤其用在宗教社团的饭桌上) [Middle English from Latin, = bless ye: see BENEDICTION]

Benedictine n. & adj. ●n. /beniˈdiktin/  1  a monk or nun of an order following the rule of St Benedict established c. 540 本笃会修士(或修女) 2 /beniˈdikti:n/ propr.  a liqueur based on brandy, originally made by Benedictines in France [商标]本尼迪克特甜酒 ●adj. /beniˈdiktin/  of St Benedict or the Benedictines 修士(或修女)的；本尼迪克特甜酒的本笃会的 [French bénédictine or modern Latin benedictinus, from Benedictus Benedict]

benediction /beniˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the utterance of a blessing, esp. at the end of a religious service or as a special Roman Catholic service 祝福(尤指礼拜结束或罗马天主教的一种特殊仪式) 2  the state of being blessed 赐福祈祷 [Middle English via Old French from Latin benedictio -onis, from benedicere -dict- ‘bless’]

benedictory /beniˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj.  of or expressing benediction 祈福的，表示祝福的 [Latin benedictorius (as BENEDICTION)]

Benedictus /beniˈdiktəs/ n.  1  the section of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini (Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord) 《和散那颂》 2  a canticle beginning Benedictus Dominus Deus (Blessed be the Lord God) from Luke 1:68 － 79 《以色列颂》 [Latin, = blessed: see BENEDICTION]

benefaction /beniˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a donation or gift 捐款，捐助物 2  an act of giving or doing good 善行 [Late Latin benefactio (as BENEFIT)]

benefactor /ˈbenifæktə/ n. (fem. benefactress /-tris/)  a person who gives support (esp. financial) to a person or cause (尤指经济方面的)捐助人，恩人 [Middle English from Late Latin (as BENEFIT)]

benefice /ˈbenifis/ n.  1  a living from a Church office 圣职人员的薪俸 2  the property attached to a Church office, esp. that bestowed on a rector or vicar (尤指赐于教区长或教区牧师的)封地 □ beneficed  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin beneficium ‘favour’, from bene ‘well’ + facere ‘do’]

beneficent /biˈnefis(ə)nt/ adj.  doing good; generous, actively kind 行善的；仁慈的，慈善的 □ beneficence  n.  □ beneficently  adv.   [Latin beneficent- (as BENEFICE)]

beneficial /beniˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  advantageous; having benefits 有好处的；有益的 2  improving the health 有利健康的 3 Law  relating to the use or benefit of property; having rights to this use or benefit 【法律】有关享受利益的；有权受益的，有使用权的 □ beneficially  adv.   [Middle English from French bénéficial or Late Latin beneficialis (as BENEFICE)]

beneficiary /beniˈfiʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person who receives benefits, esp. under a trust, will, or life insurance policy (尤指信托、遗嘱、保险的)受益人 2  a holder of a Church living 受俸牧师 [Latin beneficiarius (as BENEFICE)]

benefit /ˈbenifit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance; advantage, profit 益处，好处；帮助，便利 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  payment made under insurance, social security, welfare, etc. 保险赔偿费，社会安全保障费(福利津贴等)  sickness benefit  疾病补助费 3  a public performance or game of which the proceeds go to a particular player or company or charitable cause 义演，义赛 ●v. (benefited, benefiting; US [美] benefitted, benefitting)  1 tr.  do good to; bring advantage to 有益于，有利于 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, by)  receive an advantage or gain 受益，得益 □ benefit of clergy   1 hist.  exemption of the English tonsured clergy and nuns from the jurisdiction of the ordinary civil courts [史义]神职人员(不受普通法院审判)的特权 2  ecclesiastical sanction or approval 教会的批准，教会的许可  marriage without benefit of clergy  没有教会证明的婚姻□ the benefit of the doubt   a concession that a person is innocent, correct, etc., although doubt exists 虽存疑但承认某人无罪(或无过等) [Middle English via Anglo-French benfet, Old French bienfet from Latin benefactum, from bene facere ‘do well’]

benefit society n.  = FRIENDLY SOCIETY 

Benelux /ˈbenilʌks/ n.  Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in association as a regional economic group 比荷卢经济联盟 [Belgium + Netherlands + Luxembourg]

benevolent /biˈnev(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  1  wishing to do good; actively friendly and helpful 愿做好事的；乐善好施的 2  charitable 慈善的  benevolent fund  慈善基金 benevolent society  慈善团体 □ benevolence  n.  □ benevolently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French benivolent from Latin bene volens -entis ‘well wishing’ from bene ‘well’ + velle ‘wish’]

B.Eng. abbr.  Bachelor of Engineering [缩略]工学士

Bengali /beŋˈɡɔ:li/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Bengalis)  1  a native of Bengal, a former Indian province now consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of W. Bengal 孟加拉人 2  the language of the Bengalis 孟加拉语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bengal or its people or language (有关)孟加拉的；(有关)孟加拉人的；(有关)孟加拉语的

Bengal light /beŋˈɡɔ:l/ n.  a kind of firework giving off a blue flame, used for signals 信号烟火，孟加拉烟火

Benghazi /beŋˈgɑ:zi/ n.  班加西 [利比亚港市]

benighted /biˈnaitid/ adj.  1  intellectually or morally ignorant 愚昧的，无知的 2  overtaken by darkness 陷入黑暗的 □ benightedness  n.   [obsolete benight (v.) from BE- + NIGHT]

benign /biˈnain/ adj.  1  gentle, mild, kindly 仁慈的，亲切的，宽厚的 2  fortunate, salutary 幸运的，有益的 3 (of the climate, soil, etc.) mild, favourable (气候、土壤等)温和的，良好的 4 Med. (of a disease, tumour, etc.) not malignant 【医】(疾病、肿瘤等)良性的 □ benignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French benigne from Latin benignus, from bene ‘well’ + -genus ‘born’]

benignant /biˈniɡnənt/ adj.  1  kindly, esp. to inferiors (尤指对地位低的人)仁慈的，宽厚的 2  salutary, beneficial 有益的，有利的 3 Med. 【医】  = BENIGN 4  □ benignancy  n.  □ benignantly  adv.   [BENIGN, or Latin benignus, on the pattern of malignant]

benignity /biˈniɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  kindliness 仁慈，宽厚 2  an act of kindness 善行 [Middle English from Old French benignité or Latin benignitas (as BENIGN)]

benign neglect n.  non-interference or neglect, intended to benefit the subject more than continual attention 善意的不干涉(或忽视)

Benin   贝宁

Beninese /beniˈni:z/ adj. & n.  贝宁的(人)

benison /ˈbeniz(ə)n, -s-/ n. archaic  a blessing [古义]祝福 [Middle English via Old French beneiçun from Latin benedictio -onis BENEDICTION]

Benjamin /ˈbendʒəmin/   本杰明 [人名]

bent1 /bent/ past and past part. of BEND1 v.; adj. & n. ●adj.  1  curved or having an angle 卷曲的，弯曲的 2 esp. Brit. slang  dishonest, illicit [尤英] [俚语]不正直的，贪赃枉法的 3 Brit. slang offens.  sexually deviant; homosexual [英] [俚语] [冒犯]同性恋的；同性性关系的 4 (foll. by 后跟 on)  determined to do or have 决心的，决意的 ●n.  1  an inclination or bias 偏向，倾向 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a talent for something specified (某些方面的)天才  a bent for mimicry  模仿天才

bent2 /bent/ n.  1  a  any stiff grass of the genus Agrostis 翦股颖属杂草b  any of various grasslike reeds, rushes, or sedges 杂草，苇草，灯心草，蓑衣草 2  a stiff stalk of a grass usu. with a flexible base (通常带柔性基层的)草茎，草埂 3 Brit. archaic or dial.  a heath or unenclosed pasture [英古义] [方]石南丛生的荒野；荒草牧场 [Middle English representing Old English beonet- (in place names), from Germanic]

Benthamism /ˈbentəmiz(ə)m, ˈbenθ-/ n.  the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher d. 1832 边沁主义，功利主义 □ Benthamite  n. & adj.  

benthos /ˈbenθɒs/ n.  the flora and fauna found at the bottom of a sea or lake 海底生物，水底生物 □ benthic  adj.   [Greek, = depth of the sea]

bentonite /ˈbentənait/ n.  a kind of absorbent clay used esp. as a filler (尤作为掺入物的)膨润土 [Fort Benton in Montana, US, where it is found]

ben trovato /ben trə(ʊ)ˈvɑ:təʊ, 意 ben troˈvɑ:to/ adj.  1  well invented 精心编造的 2  characteristic if not true 典型但不真实的 [Italian, = well found]

bentwood /ˈbentwʊd/ n.  wood that is artificially shaped for use in making furniture (做家具用的)弯木

benumb /biˈnʌm/ v. tr.  1  make numb; deaden 使麻木，使失去感觉 2  paralyse (the mind or feelings) (心灵、感情)使麻痹，使呆滞 [originally = deprived, as past part. of Middle English benimen from Old English beniman (as BE-, niman ‘take’)]

Benzedrine /ˈbenzidri:n/ n. propr.  amphetamine [商标]苯扎明 [BENZOIC + EPHEDRINE]

benzene /ˈbenzi:n/ n.  a colourless carcinogenic volatile liquid found in coal tar, petroleum, etc., and used as a solvent and in the manufacture of plastics etc. Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H6 (煤焦油、石油等中含的)苯(用作塑料等生产中的溶剂)苯 □ benzenoid  adj.   [BENZOIC + -ENE]

benzene ring n.  the hexagonal unsaturated ring of six carbon atoms in the benzene molecule 苯环

benzine /ˈbenzi:n/ n. (also 亦作 benzin /-zin/)  a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum (石油)挥发油，(轻质)汽油 [BENZOIN + -INE4]

benzodiazepine /ˌbenzəʊdaiˈeizipi:n, -ˈæzəpi:n/ n. Pharm.  any class of heterocyclic organic compounds used as tranquillizers, including Librium and Valium 【药】苯并二氮杂[上“艹”下“卓”]类(包括利瑞尔和威安舒) [chemical name formed as benzo- (from BENZENE) + DI-1 + AZO- + EPI- + -INE4]

benzoic /benˈzəʊik/ adj.  containing or derived from benzoin or benzoic acid 苯甲酸的，安息香的 [BENZOIN + -IC]

benzoic acid n.  a white crystalline substance used as a food preservative Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C7H6O2 苯甲酸，安息香酸

benzoin /ˈbenzəʊin/ n.  1  a fragrant gum resin obtained from various E. Asian trees of the genus Styrax, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and incense also called 亦称作 gum benjamin 安息香(胶) 2 Chem.  a white crystalline aromatic ketone present in this 【化】苯偶姻，二苯乙醇酮 [earlier benjoin, ultimately from Arabic lubɑˉn jɑˉwī ‘incense of Java’]

benzol /ˈbenzɒl/ n. (also 亦作 benzole /-zəʊl/)  benzene, esp. unrefined and used as a fuel (尤指未提炼、用作燃料的)粗制苯

benzoquinone /benzəʊˈkwinəʊn/ n. Chem.  a yellow crystalline compound related to benzene but having the hydrogen atoms on a pair of opposite carbon atoms replaced by oxygen Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H4O2 【化】苯醌

benzoyl /ˈbenzəʊil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the radical C6H5CO － 【化】苯(甲)酰

benzyl /ˈbenzail, -zil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the radical C6H5CH2 － 【化】苄基，苯甲基

bequeath /biˈkwi:ð/ v. tr.  1  leave (a personal estate) to a person by a will 按遗嘱遗赠(个人动产) 2  hand down to posterity 传给后代 □ bequeathal  n.  □ bequeather  n.   [Old English becwethan (as BE-, cwethan ‘say’: cf. QUOTH)]

bequest /biˈkwest/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bequeathing 遗赠 2  a thing bequeathed 遗产，遗物 [Middle English, from BE- + obsolete quiste from Old English -cwiss, cwide ‘saying, testament’]

berate /biˈreit/ v. tr.  scold, rebuke 训斥，严责 [BE- + RATE2]

Berber /ˈbɜ:bə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the indigenous mainly Muslim Caucasian peoples of N. Africa (北非)柏柏尔人 2  the language of these peoples 柏柏尔语 ●adj.  of the Berbers or their language 柏柏尔人的；柏柏尔语的 [Arabic barbar]

berberis /ˈbɜ:bəris/ n.  = BARBERRY  [medieval Latin & Old French, of unknown origin]

berceuse /bɛəˈsɜ:z, 法 bersøz/ n. (pl. berceuses pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a lullaby 催眠曲 2  an instrumental piece in the style of a lullaby 摇篮器乐曲，催眠器乐曲 [French, from bercer ‘to rock’]

bereave /biˈri:v/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of a relation, friend, etc., esp. by death (尤因死亡)使丧失(亲人、朋友等) □ bereaved  adj.  □ bereavement  n.   [Old English berēafian (as BE-, REAVE)]

bereft /biˈreft/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprived (esp. of a non-material asset) 被夺去的，失去的(尤指非物质财产)  bereft of hope  失望 [past part. of BEREAVE]

beret /ˈberei, -ri/ n.  a round flattish cap of felt or cloth 贝雷帽 [French béret ‘Basque cap’ from Provençal berret]

berg1 /bɜ:ɡ/ n.  = ICEBERG  [abbreviation]

berg2 /bɜ:ɡ/ n. S. Afr.  a mountain or hill [南非]山 [Afrikaans from Dutch]

bergamot1 /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɒt/ n.  1  an aromatic herb, esp. Mentha citrata 薄荷属芳香草木植物(尤指香柠檬) 2  an oily perfume extracted from the rind of the fruit of the citrus tree Citrus bergamia, a dwarf variety of the Seville orange tree 香柠檬橘油 3  the tree itself 香柠檬树 [Bergamo in N. Italy]

bergamot2 /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɒt/ n.  a variety of fine pear 王子梨 [French bergamotte via Italian bergamotta from Turkish begarmudu ‘prince's pear’, from beg ‘prince’ + armud ‘pear’ + -u possessive suffix]

bergschrund /ˈbɜ:ɡʃrʊnd/ n.  a crevasse or gap at the head of a glacier or névé 冰(川)上端的龟裂 [German]

berg wind n.  a hot dry northerly wind blowing from the interior to coastal districts 山风

beribboned /biˈrib(ə)nd/ adj.  decorated with ribbons 用缎带装饰的

beriberi /beriˈberi/ n.  a disease causing inflammation of the nerves and heart failure, due to a deficiency of vitamin B1 脚气病 [Sinhalese, from beri ‘weakness’]

Bering Sea n.  白令海 [太平洋北端]

berk /bɜ:k/ n. (also 亦作 burk) Brit. slang  a fool; a stupid person [英] [俚语]傻瓜；呆子 [abbreviation of Berkeley or Berkshire Hunt, rhyming slang for cunt]■Usage 用法说明 Despite its etymology, this word is not usually considered to be obscene. 这个词的词源有猥亵之义，但现在通常都不这么看。 

berkelium /bɜ:ˈki:liəm, ˈbɜ:kliəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced by bombardment of americium (symbol 符 Bk) 【化】(化学元素)锫 [modern Latin from Berkeley in California (where it was first made) + -IUM]

Berks. /bɑ:ks/ abbr.  Berkshire [缩略]伯克夏郡

Berlin /bɜ:ˈlin/ n.  柏林 [德国首都]

Berliner /bɜ:ˈlinə/ n.  1  a native or citizen of Berlin in Germany 柏林人；柏林居民 2  a lightly fried yeast bun with jam filling and vanilla icing 伯林纳面包 [German]

berm /bɜ:m/ n.  1  a narrow path or grass strip beside a road, canal, etc. (马路、运河等两边的)边道，便道 2  a narrow ledge, esp. in a fortification between a ditch and the base of a parapet (尤指城墙工事与外壕之间的)狭道 3  an artificial ridge or embankment 人工筑堤，河堤，路堤 [French berme from Dutch berm]

Bermuda /bəˈmju:də/ n.  百慕大 [大西洋西北部]

Bermudan /bəˈmju:dən/ adj. & n.  百慕大的(人)

Bermuda shorts /bəˈmju:də/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Bermudas)  close-fitting shorts reaching the knees 百慕大短裤 [Bermuda in the W. Atlantic]

Bermuda triangle /bəˈmju:də/ n.  an area of the western Atlantic where ships and aircraft are reported to have disappeared without trace 百慕大(神秘)三角(区)

Bernadette /ˌbɜ:nəˈdet/   伯纳黛特 [人名]

Bernard /ˈbɜ:nəd/   伯纳德 [人名]

Bernie /ˈbɜ:ni/   伯尼 [人名]

berry /ˈberi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  any small roundish juicy fruit without a stone 浆果(水分多无核小圆果) 2 Bot.  a fruit with its seeds enclosed in a pulp (e.g. a banana, tomato, etc.) 【植】(种子长在果肉里的)浆果(如香蕉、西红柿等) 3  any of various kernels or seeds (e.g. coffee bean etc.) 干果仁，干种子(如咖啡豆等) 4  a fish egg or roe of a lobster etc. (鱼、龙虾等的)卵 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (usu. as 通常作 berrying n.)  go gathering berries 采集浆果 2  form a berry; bear berries 长出浆果；结出浆果 □ berried  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English berie, from Germanic]

berserk /bəˈsɜ:k, -z-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. in 尤用于 go berserk)  wild, frenzied; in a violent rage 狂暴的；发疯的 ●n. (also 亦作 berserker /-kə/)  an ancient Norse warrior who fought with a wild frenzy (北欧传说中的战前喜饮酒的)狂暴武士 [Icelandic berserkr (n.) probably from bern- BEAR2 + serkr ‘coat’]

Bert /bɜ:t/   伯特 [人名]

berth /bɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fixed bunk on a ship, train, etc., for sleeping in (船、火车等上的)卧铺 2  a ship's place at a wharf 停泊位，锚位 3  room for a ship to swing at anchor 船台 4  adequate sea room 宽广水区；安全距离 5 colloq.  a situation or appointment [口]地位；职位 6  the proper place for anything 合适位置 ●v.  1 tr.  moor (a ship) in its berth 使(船)停泊 2 tr.  provide a sleeping place for 给…提供铺位 3 intr. (of a ship) come to its mooring place (船)停泊 □ give a wide berth to   stay away from 远离 [probably from nautical use of BEAR1 + -TH2]

bertha /ˈbɜ:θə/ n.  1  a deep falling collar often of lace 花边宽领 2  a small cape on a dress (女装上的)小披肩 [French berthe from Berthe ‘Bertha’ (the name)]

Beryl /ˈberil/   贝里尔 [人名]

beryl /ˈberil/ n.  1  a kind of transparent precious stone, esp. pale green, blue, or yellow, consisting of beryllium aluminium silicate in a hexagonal form (尤指浅绿、兰、黄色)绿柱石，绿玉 2  a mineral species which includes this, emerald, and aquamarine 绿柱石矿 [Middle English via Old French from Latin beryllus, from Greek bērullos]

beryllium /bəˈriliəm/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic element used in the manufacture of light corrosion-resistant alloys (symbol 符 Be) 【化】(化学元素)铍 [BERYL + -IUM]

beseech /biˈsi:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. besought /-ˈsɔ:t/ or beseeched)  1 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  entreat 恳求，乞求 2  ask earnestly for 急切地要求 □ beseeching  adj.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English secan SEEK]

beset /biˈset/ v. tr. (besetting; past and past part. beset)  1  attack or harass persistently 围攻；困扰  beset by worries  烦恼重重 2  surround or hem in (a person etc.) 包围，围绕住(某人等) 3 archaic  cover round with [古义]镶，嵌  beset with pearls  用珍珠镶嵌 □ besetting sin   the sin that especially or most frequently tempts one 积重难返的恶习 [Old English besettan, from Germanic]

beside /biˈsaid/ prep.  1  at the side of; near 在…旁边；在…附近 2  compared with 和…相比 3  irrelevant to 与…无关  beside the point  离题 □ beside oneself   overcome with worry, anger, etc. (因焦虑、生气等)发狂，失常 [Old English be sīdan (as BY, SIDE)]

besides /biˈsaidz/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  in addition to; apart from 还有；除…外 ●adv.  also; as well; moreover 而且；另外；更■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference in meaning between the prepositions beside and besides. Beside was in the past used to mean ‘in addition to, apart from’, but this is now rare. 注意介词 beside 和 besides 的不同含意， beside 过去常用来表示“还有，除 … 外”，但现在这种用法少见。 

besiege /biˈsi:dʒ/ v. tr.  1  lay siege to 围，包围 2  crowd round oppressively 挤在…周围 3  harass with requests (以请求)困扰，缠磨 □ besieger  n.   [Middle English from assiege by substitution of BE-, via Old French asegier from Romanic]

besmear /biˈsmiə/ v. tr.  1  smear with a greasy or sticky substance 涂搽，涂抹 2  sully (a reputation etc.) 破坏，玷污(名誉等) [Old English bismierwan (as BE-, SMEAR)]

besmirch /biˈsmɜ:tʃ/ v. tr.  1  soil, discolour 抹脏，染污；使褪色 2  dishonour; sully the reputation or name of 沾污，糟蹋 [BE- + SMIRCH]

besom /ˈbi:z(ə)m, ˈbiz-/ n.  1  a broom made of twigs tied round a stick 长把扫帚 2 esp. N. Engl. derog. or joc.  a woman [尤英格兰北部] [贬] [诙]娘们；(坏)女人 [Old English besema, from West Germanic]

besotted /biˈsɒtid/ adj.  1  infatuated 迷恋的 2  foolish, confused 傻的，糊涂的 3  intoxicated, stupefied 沉醉的，麻木的，发呆的 [besot (v.) (as BE-, SOT)]

besought past and past part.  of BESEECH 

bespangle /biˈspæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  adorn with spangles 饰以亮晶晶的东西

bespatter /biˈspætə/ v. tr.  1  spatter (an object) all over 把(某物)溅污 2  spatter (liquid etc.) about 使(液体等)溅出 3  overwhelm with abuse etc. (恶语等)诽谤，辱骂

bespeak /biˈspi:k/ v. tr. (past bespoke /-ˈspəʊk/; past part. bespoken /-ˈspəʊk(ə)n/ or as 或作 adj. bespoke)  1  engage in advance 预约，预定 2  order (goods) 定(货) 3  suggest; be evidence of 表示；证明  his gift bespeaks a kind heart  他的礼物表明了他的好心 4 literary  speak to [文学用语]与…谈话 [Old English bisprecan (as BE-, SPEAK)]

bespectacled /biˈspektək(ə)ld/ adj.  wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的

bespoke /biˈspəʊk/ past and past part. of BESPEAK; adj. Brit. [英]  1 (of goods, esp. clothing) made to order (物品，尤指衣服)定做的 2 (of a tradesman) making goods to order (商人)定货的

bespoken past part.  of BESPEAK  

besprinkle /biˈspriŋk(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  sprinkle or strew all over with liquid etc. 用(液体等)洒，散布 2  sprinkle (liquid etc.) over 洒(液体等) [Middle English (as BE-, SPRINKLE)]

Bess /bes/   贝丝 [人名]

Bessemer converter /ˈbesimə/ n.  a special furnace used to purify pig-iron using the Bessemer process 酸性转炉，贝塞麦转炉 [Sir H. Bessemer, English engineer d. 1898]

Bessemer process /ˈbesimə/ n.  a process once widely used, in which air is blown through molten pig-iron to remove carbon, silicon, and other impurities in order to render it suitable for making steel 酸性转炉法，贝塞麦炼钢法

Bessie /ˈbesi/   贝西 [人名]

best /best/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. (superl. of GOOD)  of the most excellent or outstanding or desirable kind 最好的，最优秀的，最理想的  my best work  我的最理想的工作 the best solution  最好的解决方法 the best thing to do would be to confess  最好的办法就是坦白 ●adv. (superl. of WELL1)  1  in the best manner 最好地  does it best  做出色点 2  to the greatest degree 最，极其  like it best  最喜欢它 3  most usefully 最有效地  is best ignored  最好不理 ●n.  1  that which is best 最好的东西  the best is yet to come  最好的还在后面 2  the chief merit or advantage 主要的长处，优点  brings out the best in him  把他的长处充分发挥出来 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a winning majority of (a certain number of games etc. played) (比赛等中数字上的)大部分胜利；优势  the best of five  五战三胜 4  = SUNDAY BEST  ●v. tr. colloq.  defeat, outwit, outbid, etc. [口]打败，胜过(超过等) □ all the best   an expression used to wish a person good fortune 祝好运，祝一切顺利□ as best one can (or may)   as effectively as possible under the circumstances 尽最大努力□ at best   on the most optimistic view 就最乐观的一方面看□ at one's best   in peak condition etc. 处在最好状态(全盛时期等)□ at the best of times   even in the most favourable circumstances 即使在最好的情况下□ be for (or all for) the best   be desirable in the end 结果总会好的□ the best part of   most of 大多数□ do one's best   do all one can 尽力□ get the best of   defeat, outwit 打败，胜过□ give a person (or thing) best  (also absol. [亦含宾]) Brit.  admit the superiority of; give way to [英]承认不如…；向…认输□ had best   would find it wisest to 最好□ make the best of   derive what limited advantage one can from (something unsatisfactory or unwelcome); put up with 充分利用(不满意或不受欢迎的东西)，尽情享用□ to the best of one's ability, knowledge, etc.   as far as one can do, know, etc. 竭力，竭尽所能(竭尽所知等)□ with the best of them   as well as anyone 和(他们中的)任何人一样好 [Old English betest (adj.), bet(o)st (adv.), from Germanic]

best bower  see 见 BOWER2 

best boy n. esp. US  the assistant to the chief electrician of a film crew [尤美] (电影制作组的)主要灯光助理

best buy n.  the purchase giving the best value in proportion to its price; a bargain 买得合算；(做成)好交易

best end of neck n. Brit.  the rib end of a neck of lamb etc. for cooking [英] (羊等的)颈部肋条

bestial /ˈbestiəl/ adj.  1  brutish, cruel, savage 残忍的，野蛮的，残酷的 2  sexually depraved; lustful 兽欲的；淫欲的 3  of or like a beast 野兽的，野兽般的 □ bestialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ bestially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin bestialis from Latin bestia ‘beast’]

bestiality /bestiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bestial behaviour or an instance of this 兽性，兽行 2  sexual intercourse between a person and an animal 兽奸 [French bestialité (as BESTIAL)]

bestiary /ˈbestiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a moralizing medieval treatise on real and imaginary beasts (中世纪的)动物寓言(集) [medieval Latin bestiarium from Latin bestia ‘beast’]

bestir /biˈstɜ:/ v. refl. (bestirred, bestirring)  exert or rouse (oneself) 使(自己)发奋，激励(自己)

best-known attrib. adj.  most well-known; most famous 众所周知的；著名的  his best-known novel  他的著名小说

best man n.  the bridegroom's chief attendant at a wedding (婚礼上的)男傧相

bestow /biˈstəʊ/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  confer (a gift, right, etc.) 给予，赠予(礼物、权利等) 2  deposit 存放，放置 □ bestowal  n.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English stow ‘a place’]

bestrew /biˈstru:/ v. tr. (past part. bestrewed or bestrewn /-ˈstru:n/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover or partly cover (a surface) 撒满，撒在(表面) 2  scatter (things) about (东西)撒 3  lie scattered over 散布在…之上 [Old English bestrēowian (as BE-, STREW)]

bestride /biˈstraid/ v. tr. (past bestrode /-ˈstrəʊd/; past part. bestridden /-ˈstrid(ə)n/)  1  sit astride on 骑，跨坐 2  stand astride over 两腿分跨站于 [Old English bestrīdan]

best-seller n.  1  a book or other item that has sold in large numbers 畅销书，畅销货 2 Brit.  the author of such a book [英]畅销书作者 □ best-selling  adj.  

bet /bet/ v. & n. ●v. (betting; past and past part. bet or betted)  1 intr. (foll. by on or against with reference to the outcome 用于结果时常后跟 on 或 against)  risk a sum of money etc. against another's on the basis of the outcome of an unpredictable event (esp. the result of a race, game, etc., or the outcome in a game of chance) (尤指以比赛、运动等或靠运气决定胜负的游戏，用一定数量的钱等)打赌 2 tr.  risk (an amount) on such an outcome or result 用(金额)打赌  bet £ 10 on a horse  把 10 英镑下赌在一匹马上 3 tr.  risk a sum of money against (a person) 与(某人)赌钱 4 tr. colloq.  feel sure [口]敢说，断定  bet they've forgotten it  肯定他们忘记了 ●n.  1  the act of betting 赌，打赌  make a bet  打赌 2  the money etc. staked (钱等的)赌金，赌注  put a bet on  下赌注于… 3 colloq.  an opinion, esp. a quickly formed or spontaneous one [口] (尤指快速作出的)意见  my bet is that he won't come  我认定他不会来 4 colloq.  a choice or course of action [口]选择；行动方针  she's our best bet  她是我们当中最适合的人 □ you bet  colloq.  you may be sure [口]千真万确 [16th c.: perhaps a shortened form of ABET]

beta /ˈbi:tə/ n.  1  the second letter of the Greek alphabet (B, β) 希腊语的第二个字母 (B, β) 2 Brit.  a second-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英]第二等分数 3 (Beta) Astron.  the second (usu. second-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive: Beta Tauri) 【天】(通常亮度居第二位的) β星 4  the second member of a series (一系列中的)第二个 [Middle English via Latin from Greek]

beta blocker n. Pharm.  a drug that prevents the stimulation of increased cardiac action, used to treat angina and reduce high blood pressure 【药】β受体阻滞药

beta decay n.  radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted β衰变

betake /biˈteik/ v. refl. (past betook /biˈtʊk/; past part. betaken /biˈteik(ə)n/) (foll. by 后跟 to)  go to (a place or person) 去，往，到(某处、某人处)

beta particle n. (also 亦作 beta ray)  a fast-moving electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances (originally regarded as rays) β粒子(原视作射线)

beta rhythm n. (also 亦作 beta waves pl.) Physiol.  the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and alert, with a frequency of approx. 18 to 25 hertz 【生理】β节律，β波(大约 18 至 25 赫兹)

beta test n. & v. ●n.  a test of machinery, software, etc., in the final stages of its development, carried out by a party unconnected with its development (机器、软件等)β试验 ●v. tr.  subject (a product) to a beta test 给(产品)做β测试

betatron /ˈbi:tətrɒn/ n. Physics  an apparatus for accelerating electrons in a circular path by magnetic induction 【物理学】电子感应加速器 [BETA + -TRON]

betel /ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n.  the leaf of the Asian evergreen climbing plant Piper betle, chewed in the East with parings of the areca nut 蒌叶 [Portuguese from Malayalam vettila]

betel-nut n.  the areca nut 槟榔果，槟榔子

Beth /beθ/   贝思 [人名]

bethink /biˈθiŋk/ v. refl. (past and past part. bethought /-ˈθɔ:t/) (foll. by 后跟 of, how, or that + clause) formal [正式]  1  reflect; stop to think 思考；反省 2  be reminded by reflection 使想起，使忆起 [Old English bithencan from Germanic (as BE-, THINK)]

betide /biˈtaid/ v. (only in infin. and 3rd sing. subjunctive 只用于动词不定式和第三人称单数的虚拟形式) esp. poet. [尤诗]  1 tr.  happen to 降临到  woe betide him  但愿他遭殃 2 intr.  happen 发生  whate'er may betide  无论发生什么 [Middle English from obsolete tide ‘befall’ from Old English tīdan]

betimes /biˈtaimz/ adv. literary  early; in good time [文学用语]早；及时 [Middle English from obsolete betime (as BY, TIME)]

betoken /biˈtəʊk(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  be a sign of; indicate 是…的征兆；表明 2  augur 预示 [Old English (as BE-, tɑˉcnian ‘signify’: see TOKEN)]

betony /ˈbetəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a purple-flowered plant, Stachys officinalis 药用水苏 2  any of various similar plants 水苏属植物 [Middle English via Old French betoine from Latin betonica]

betook past  of BETAKE  

betray /biˈtrei/ v. tr.  1  place (a person, one's country, etc.) in the hands or power of an enemy 背叛，出卖(某人、自己的国家等) 2  be disloyal to (another person, a person's trust, etc.) 对(他人)不忠，辜负(某人的信任等) 3  reveal involuntarily or treacherously; be evidence of 不自觉地露出，暴露；表现  his shaking hand betrayed his fear  他那颤抖的手暴露了他的恐惧 4  lead astray or into error 引入歧途，犯错误 □ betrayal  n.  □ betrayer  n.   [Middle English from obsolete tray, ultimately from Latin tradere ‘hand over’]

betroth /biˈtrəʊð, -θ/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 betrothed adj.)  bind with a promise to marry 使…订婚 □ betrothal  n.   [Middle English from BE- + trouthe, treuthe TRUTH, later assimilated to TROTH]

Betsy /ˈbetsi/   贝齐；伊丽莎白 [人名]

Bett /bet/   贝特；伊丽莎白 [人名]

better1 /ˈbetə/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (compar. of GOOD)  of a more excellent or outstanding or desirable kind 较好的，更好的  a better product  较好的产品 it would be better to go home  还是回家好 2 (compar. of WELL1)  partly or fully recovered from illness 健康有好转的  feeling better  感觉好些了 ●adv. (compar. of WELL1)  1  in a better manner 较好地  she sings better  她唱得更好 2  to a greater degree 更，更加  like it better  更喜欢它 3  more usefully or advantageously 更实用地，更有利地  is better forgotten  最好忘掉 ●n.  1  that which is better 较好的东西  the better of the two  两者中较好的一个 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; prec. by 前接 my etc.)  one's superior in ability or rank 前辈，上司  take notice of your betters  注意你的上司 ●v.  1 tr.  improve on; surpass 对…做出改进；超过  I can better his offer  我可以改进一下他的提议 2 tr.  make better; improve 改进；改善 3 refl.  improve one's position etc. (职务等)升职 4 intr.  become better; improve 变得有改进，有改善 □ the better part of   most of 大多数□ for better or for worse   on terms accepting all results; whatever the outcome 不论是祸是福；不管结果怎样□ get the better of   defeat, outwit; win an advantage over 胜过，超过；占…的上风□ go one better   1  outbid etc. by one (出价等)超过对手 2  outdo another person 胜过某人□ had better   would find it wiser to 最好 [Old English betera, from Germanic]

better2 /ˈbetə/ n. (also 亦作 bettor)  a person who bets 打赌的人

better feelings n. pl.  one's conscience 良心

better half n. colloq.  one's wife or husband [口]妻子，丈夫

betterment /ˈbetəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  making better; improvement 改良；改进 2 Econ.  enhanced value (of real property) arising from local improvements 【经】(不动产的)增值

better off adj.  in a better (esp. financial) position (尤指经济境况)较好的，较富裕的

betting /ˈbetiŋ/ n.  1  gambling by risking money on an unpredictable outcome 打赌，赌博 2  the odds offered in this 打赌时给出的投注赔率 □ what's the betting?  Brit. colloq.  it is likely or to be expected [英口]可能会怎么样？  what's the betting he'll be late?  他迟到了可能会怎么样呢？

betting shop n. Brit.  a bookmaker's shop or office [英]彩票经理部

bettor var.  of BETTER2  BETTER2 的变体

Betty /ˈbeti/   贝蒂 [人名]

between /biˈtwi:n/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  a  at or to a point in the area or interval bounded by two or more other points in space, time, etc. (空间、时间等)位于…之间，处在…之间  broke down between London and Dover  在伦敦和多佛尔之间出了故障了 we must meet between now and Friday  我们必须在现在到星期五之间见一次面b  along the extent of such an area or interval 介于…之间  there are five shops between here and the main road  从这儿到大路共有 5 家商店 works best between five and six  5 点到 6 点之间工作最好 the numbers between 10 and 20  从 10 到 20 之间的数 2  separating, physically or conceptually 分隔着…，被…隔开  the distance between here and Leeds  从这儿到利兹的距离 the difference between right and wrong  是非之别 3  a  by combining the resources of 合在一起，共同  great potential between them  他们的巨大潜力 between us we could afford it  我们可以承担b  shared by; as the joint resources of 分享，共有  £ 5 between them  他们共有 5 英镑c  by joint or reciprocal action 共同的行动  an agreement between us  我们之间的协议 sorted it out between themselves  他们自己把它整理了出来 4  to and from 行驶于…之间  runs between London and Sheffield  行驶于伦敦和谢菲尔德之间 5  taking one and rejecting the other of 在两者中选其一  decide between eating here and going out  决定是在这儿吃还是出去 ●adv. (also 亦作 in between)  at a point or in the area bounded by two or more other points in space, time, sequence, etc. 在期间，在中间  not fat or thin but in between  不是胖也不是瘦，而是不胖不瘦 □ between ourselves (or you and me)   in confidence 秘密地，私下里□ between times (or whiles)   in the intervals between other actions; occasionally 不时；偶尔 [Old English betwēonum, from Germanic (as BY, TWO)]■Usage 用法说明 Use in sense 3 with reference to more than two people or things is established and acceptable (e.g. relations between Britain, France, and Germany). 在释义 3 中连用两个以上的人或物是可以接受的(如英法德之间的关系)。 

betwixt /biˈtwikst/ prep. & adv. archaic  between [古义]在…之间 □ betwixt and between  colloq.  neither one thing nor the other [口]模棱两可，介于两者之间，非此非彼 [Old English betwēox, from Germanic]

BeV abbr. [缩略]  = GEV  [billion (109) electronvolts]

bevatron /ˈbevətrɒn/ n.  a synchrotron used to accelerate protons to energies in the billion electronvolt range 高功率质子回旋加速器 [BEV + -TRON]

bevel /ˈbev(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slope from the horizontal or vertical in carpentry and stonework; a sloping surface or edge 倾斜，斜角；斜面 2 (in full 全称 bevel square)  a tool for marking angles in carpentry and stonework 万能角尺，斜角规 ●v. (bevelled, bevelling; US [美] beveled, beveling)  1 tr.  reduce (a square edge) to a sloping edge 把(直角)截成斜角 2 intr.  slope at an angle; slant 成斜角；倾斜 [Old French diminutive of baïf ‘open-mouthed’ from baer ‘gape’]

bevel gear n.  a gear working another gear at an angle to it by means of bevel wheels 锥齿轮

bevel wheel n.  a toothed wheel whose working face is oblique to the axis 斜齿轮

beverage /ˈbev(ə)ridʒ/ n. esp. formal  a drink [尤正式]饮料  hot beverage  热饮 alcoholic beverage  含酒精饮料 [Middle English from Old French be(u)vrage, ultimately from Latin bibere ‘drink’]

bevvy /ˈbevi/ n. (pl. -ies) slang  a drink, esp. an alcoholic one [俚语]饮料(尤指含酒精饮料) [abbreviation of BEVERAGE]

bevy /ˈbevi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a flock of quails or larks 一群(鹌鹑或云雀) 2  a company or group (originally of women) 一群(原指妇女) [Middle English: origin unknown]

bewail /biˈweil/ v. tr.  1  greatly regret or lament 叹息，悲叹，哀悼 2  wail over; mourn for 为…恸哭，痛哭；为…悲伤 □ bewailer  n.  

beware /biˈwɛə/ v. (only in 只用于 imper. or infin.)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that, lest, etc. + clause)  be cautious, take heed 注意，当心  beware of the dog  当心有狗 told us to beware  告诉我们要当心 beware that you don't fall  注意你别跌倒 2 tr.  be cautious of 注意，当心  beware the Ides of March  注意 3 月 15 [BE + WARE3]

bewhiskered /biˈwiskəd/ adj.  1  having whiskers 有络腮胡子的 2  very old 衰老的

Bewick's swan /ˈbju:iks/ n.  a swan of northern Eurasia, a race of Cygnus columbianus 小天鹅，比尤伊克天鹅 [T. Bewick (d. 1828), English engraver and naturalist]

bewigged /biˈwiɡd/ adj.  wearing a wig 戴假发的

bewilder /biˈwildə/ v. tr.  utterly perplex or confuse 使慌乱，使糊涂 □ bewilderedly  adv.  □ bewildering  adj.  □ bewilderingly  adv.  □ bewilderment  n.   [BE- + obsolete wilder ‘lose one's way’]

bewitch /biˈwitʃ/ v. tr.  1  enchant; greatly delight 迷住；使心醉 2  cast a spell on 用魔法迷惑 □ bewitching  adj.  □ bewitchingly  adv.   [Middle English from BE- + Old English wiccian ‘enchant’, from wicca WITCH1]

bey /bei/ n. hist. (in the Ottoman Empire) the title of a governor of a province [史义]贝伊，(奥斯曼帝国的)省长 [Turkish, = prince, governor]

beyond /biˈjɒnd/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  at or to the further side of 在…的那边；到…的那边  beyond the river  河的那边 2  outside the scope, range, or understanding of 超出(范围、射程、理解力)  beyond repair  修不好了 beyond a joke  超出开玩笑的限度 it is beyond me  这我就不懂了 3  more than 超出 ●adv.  1  at or to the further side 在远处，向远处 2  further on 再往前 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the unknown after death 死后的世界，来世 □ the back of beyond   see 见 BACK  [Old English beg(e)ondan (as BY, YON, YONDER)]

bezant /ˈbez(ə)nt/ n.  1 hist.  a gold or silver coin originally minted at Byzantium [史义] (拜占庭帝国的)金币；银币 2 Heraldry  a gold roundel 【纹章学】金黄色小圆徽章 [Middle English via Old French besanz -ant from Latin Byzantius ‘Byzantine’]

bezel /ˈbez(ə)l/ n.  1  the sloped edge of a chisel 凿子的斜面 2  the oblique faces of a cut gem 宝石的斜面 3  a  a groove holding a watch-glass or gem 嵌表蒙(或宝石)的凹槽b  a rim holding a glass etc. cover (镶嵌玻璃等遮盖物的)沟缘 [Old French source of modern French béseau, bizeau, of unknown origin]

bezique /biˈzi:k/ n.  1  a card game for two with a double pack of 64 cards, including the seven to ace only in each suit 比齐克牌戏(两人玩，用两副牌，共 64 张) 2  a combination of the queen of spades and the jack of diamonds in this game (比齐克牌戏中)由黑桃 Q 和方块 J 组成的一组牌 [French bésigue, perhaps from Persian bɑˉzīgar ‘juggler’]

bezoar /ˈbi:zɔ:, ˈbezəʊɑ:/ n.  a small stone which may form in the stomachs of certain animals, esp. ruminants, and which was once used as an antidote for various ailments (尤指反刍动物的) (毛)粪石，牛黄，马宝 [French bezoard, ultimately from Persian pɑˉdzahr ‘antidote’, Arabic bɑˉzahr]

b.f. abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. colloq.  bloody fool [英口]大傻瓜 2  brought forward 转下页 3 Printing  boldface 【印刷】黑体，粗体

B-film n.  = B-MOVIE 

bhaji /ˈbɑ:dʒi/ n. (pl. bhajis)  1  an Indian dish of fried vegetables 巴齐(油炸蔬菜) 2  a small flat cake or ball of this, fried in batter (裹面糊的)炸蔬菜饼(或球)  onion bhaji  洋葱炸蔬菜饼 [Hindi bhɑˉjī ‘fried vegetables’]

bhang /bæŋ/ n.  the leaves and flower-tops of Indian hemp used as a narcotic 印度大麻 [Portuguese bangue, Persian & Urdu bang later assimilated to Hindi bhɑˉṅ, from Sanskrit bhaṅgɑˉ]

bhangra /ˈbɑ:ŋɡrə/ n.  a kind of pop music that combines Punjabi folk traditions with Western pop music 班格拉流行乐曲 [Punjabi bhɑˉngrɑˉ, a traditional folk dance]

bharal /ˈbʌr(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 burhel)  a Himalayan wild sheep, Pseudois nayaur, with blue-black coat and horns curved rearward 岩羊 [Hindi]

b.h.p. abbr.  brake horsepower [缩略]制动马力

Bhutan   不丹

Bhutanese /ˌbu:təˈni:z/ ●n.  不丹人；不丹语 ●adj.  不丹的；不丹人的；不丹语的

Bhutani /bu:ˈtɑ:ni/ adj. & n.  不丹的(人)

Bi symb. Chem.  the element bismuth [符]【化】(化学元素)铋

bi /bai/ adj. & n. slang [俚语]  = BISEXUAL  [abbreviation]

bi- /bai/ comb. form (often bin- before a vowel 在元音前常作 bin-) forming nouns and adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成名词或形容词，表示 :  1  having two; a thing having two (bilateral 两边的 ; binaural 有两耳的，用两耳的 ; biplane 双翼飞机) 两(的)；双(的) 2  a  occurring twice in every one or once in every two (biweekly 每周两次；每两周一次) 发生(或出现)两次(的)，每两个一次(的)b  lasting for two (biennial 持续两年的) 持续到两个(的) 3  doubly; in two ways (biconcave 两面凹的，双凹的) 两边(的)；两面(的) 4 Chem.  a substance having a double proportion of the acid etc. indicated by the simple word (bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐) 【化】(酸等)重 5 Bot. & Zool. (of division and subdivision) twice over (bipinnate 二回羽状的) 【植】【动】(指分裂及再分裂)两次(的) [Latin]

biannual /baiˈænjʊəl/ adj.  occurring, appearing, etc., twice a year (cf. 参见 BIENNIAL) (发生、出现等)一年两次的 □ biannually  adv.  

bias /ˈbaiəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 towards, against)  a predisposition or prejudice 倾向；偏见 2 Statistics  a systematic distortion of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation 【统计学】偏倚 3  an edge cut obliquely across the weave of a fabric 织物的斜痕 4 Bowls 【球戏】  a  the irregular shape given to a bowl 球的歪圆形b  the oblique course this causes it to run 偏斜路线 5 Electr.  a steady voltage, magnetic field, etc., applied to an electronic system or device 【电】(稳定电压、磁场等引起的)偏压 ●v. tr. (biased, biasing; biassed, biassing)  1 (esp. as 尤作 biased adj.)  influence (usu. unfairly); prejudice (通常因不公正)使有影响；使怀成见 2  give a bias to 对…有偏见 □ on the bias   obliquely, diagonally (歪)斜的，对角方向的 [French biais, of unknown origin]

bias binding n.  a strip of fabric cut obliquely and used to bind edges 斜裁滚边条

bias-ply adj. US [美]  = CROSS-PLY 

biathlon /baiˈæθlɒn, -lən/ n. Sport  an athletic contest in skiing and shooting or in cycling and running 【运动】滑雪射击(竞赛) □ biathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [BI-, on the pattern of PENTATHLON]

biaxial /baiˈæksiəl/ adj. (esp. of crystals) having two axes along which polarized light travels with equal velocity (尤指晶体)双轴的

bib1 /bib/ n.  1  a piece of cloth or plastic fastened round a child's neck to keep the clothes clean while eating (小孩的)围嘴 2  the top front part of an apron, dungarees, etc. 围裙(或工装裤等)的上部 3  the edible marine fish Trisopterus luscus of the cod family also called 亦称作 pout 大眼鳕 □ best bib and tucker   best clothes 漂亮衣服□ stick (or poke etc.) one's bib in  Austral. slang  interfere [澳] [俚语]干涉 [perhaps from BIB2]

bib2 /bib/ v. intr. (bibbed, bibbing) archaic  drink much or often [古义]过量饮酒；经常饮酒 □ bibber  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Latin bibere ‘drink’]

bib-cock n.  a tap with a bent nozzle fixed at the end of a pipe 弯嘴龙头 [perhaps from BIB1 + COCK1]

bibelot /ˈbibələʊ/ n.  a small curio or artistic trinket 小件古玩，小装饰品 [French]

Bible /ˈbaib(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments 基督教的《圣经》b  the Jewish scriptures 犹太教的《圣经》c (作 bible)  any copy of these 《圣经》的文本  three bibles on the table  桌上的 3 本《圣经》d  a particular edition of the Bible 《圣经》的版本  New English Bible  新版英译本《圣经》 2 colloq.  any authoritative book [口]有权威的书  the Britannica is his Bible  大不列颠百科全书是他的权威典籍 3  the scriptures of any religion 任何宗教的经典书籍 [Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek biblia ‘books’, originally diminutive of biblos, bublos ‘papyrus’]

Bible-bashing n. (also 亦作 Bible-thumping, Bible-punching) slang  aggressive fundamentalist preaching [俚语]狂热的《圣经》宣讲 □ Bible-basher  n. (also 亦作 Bible-thumper, Bible-puncher)  

Bible belt n.  the areas of the southern and central US and western Canada where fundamentalist Protestant beliefs prevail 《圣经》地带

Bible oath n.  a solemn oath taken on the Bible 庄严的誓言

Bible paper n.  = INDIA PAPER 

Bible-punching (also 亦作 Bible-thumping) var.  of BIBLE-BASHING BIBLE-BASHING 的变体

biblical /ˈbiblik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 Biblical)  1  of, concerning, or contained in the Bible 《圣经》的；与《圣经》有关的；《圣经》中的 2  resembling the language of the Authorized Version of the Bible 似钦定英译本《圣经》语言的 □ biblically  adv.  

biblio- /ˈbibliəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a book or books [构词成分]书的，书籍的 [Greek from biblion ‘book’]

bibliography /bibliˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a list of the books referred to in a scholarly work, usu. printed as an appendix 参考书目(尤印作附录)b  a list of the books of a specific author or publisher, or on a specific subject, etc. 某作者的书目；某出版社的书目(专题书目等) 2  a  the history or description of books, including authors, editions, etc. (包括作者、版本等的)文献学b  any book containing such information 文献类书籍 □ bibliographer  n.  □ bibliographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ bibliographical  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bibliographically  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ bibliographize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French bibliographie from modern Latin bibliographia, from Greek (as BIBLE, -GRAPHY)]

bibliomancy /ˈbibliə(ʊ)mænsi/ n.  foretelling the future by the analysis of a randomly chosen passage from a book, esp. the Bible 《圣经》占卜(尤指任翻《圣经》一页以作占卜)

bibliomania /ˌbibliə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an extreme enthusiasm for collecting and possessing books 集书狂，藏书癖 □ bibliomaniac  /-niæk/ n. & adj.  

bibliophile /ˈbibliəfail/ n.  a person who collects or is fond of books 有藏书癖者，爱好书籍的人 □ bibliophilic  /-ˈfilik/ adj.  □ bibliophily  /-ˈɒfili/ n.   [French bibliophile (as BIBLIO-, -PHILE)]

bibliopole /ˈbibliəpəʊl/ n.  a seller of (esp. rare) books (尤指珍本书的)书商 [Latin bibliopola from Greek bibliopōlēs, from biblion ‘book’ + pōlēs ‘seller’]

bibulous /ˈbibjʊləs/ adj.  given to drinking alcoholic liquor 嗜酒的 □ bibulously  adv.  □ bibulousness  n.   [Latin bibulus ‘freely drinking’ from bibere ‘drink’]

bicameral /baiˈkæm(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. (of a parliament or legislative body) having two chambers (议会或立法机构)两个议院的，两院制的 □ bicameralism  n.   [BI- + Latin camera ‘chamber’]

bicarb /baiˈkɑ:b/ n. colloq. [口]  = BICARBONATE 2  [abbreviation]

bicarbonate /baiˈkɑ:bəneit/ n.  1 Chem.  any acid salt of carbonic acid 【化】碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐 2 (in full 全称 bicarbonate of soda)  sodium bicarbonate used as an antacid or in baking powder 小苏打，碳酸氢钠

bice /bais/ n.  1  any of various pigments made from blue or green basic copper carbonate (由碳酸铜做成的)蓝色颜料；绿色颜料 2  any similar pigment made from smalt (由大青做成的)青色颜料 3  a shade of blue or green given by these 青色；蓝色；绿色 [originally = brownish grey, from Old French bis ‘dark grey’, of unknown origin]

bicentenary /baisenˈti:nəri, -ˈten-, baiˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a two-hundredth anniversary 200 周年纪念 2  a celebration of this 200 周年庆典 ●adj.  of or concerning a bicentenary (有关)200 周年的，(有关)200 周年纪念的

bicentennial /baisenˈteniəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  a bicentenary 200 周年， 200 周年纪念 ●adj.  1  lasting two hundred years or occurring every two hundred years 持续 200 年的，每 200 年发生一次的 2  of or concerning a bicentenary (有关)200 年的，(有关)200 周年纪念的

bicephalous /baiˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj.  having two heads 有两个头的 [BI- + Greek kephalē ‘head’ + -OUS]

biceps /ˈbaiseps/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a muscle having two heads or attachments at one end, esp. the muscle which bends the elbow (尤指使肘部弯曲的)二头肌 [Latin, = two-headed (as BI- + -ceps from caput ‘head’)]

bicker /ˈbikə/ v. intr.  1  quarrel pettily; wrangle 争吵，口角 2 poet. [诗]  a (of a stream, rain, etc.) patter (over stones etc.) (溪流、雨点等打在石头等上)潺潺地响b (of a flame, light, etc.) flash, flicker (火、光等)闪烁 □ bickerer  n.   [Middle English biker, beker, of unknown origin]

bicky /ˈbiki/ n. (also 亦作 bikky) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a biscuit [英口]饼干

bicolour /ˈbaikʌlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two colours 两色的，双色的 ●n.  a bicolour blossom or animal 双色花；双色动物

biconcave /baiˈkɒnkeiv/ adj. (esp. of a lens) concave on both sides (尤指透镜)双面凹的，双凹的

biconvex /baiˈkɒnveks/ adj. (esp. of a lens) convex on both sides (尤指透镜)双面凸的，双凸的

bicultural /baiˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  having or combining two cultures 有两种不同文化的；综合两种不同文化的

bicuspid /baiˈkʌspid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two cusps or points 双尖的，有两个尖的 ●n.  a tooth with two cusps, esp. a human premolar tooth 双尖牙，前磨牙(尤指人的前臼齿) □ bicuspidate  adj.   [BI- + Latin cuspis -idis ‘sharp point’]

bicycle /ˈbaisik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a vehicle of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other, propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars attached to the front wheel 自行车 ●v. intr.  ride a bicycle 骑自行车 □ bicycler  n.  □ bicyclist  /-klist/ n.   [French from BI- + Greek kuklos ‘wheel’]

bicycle chain n.  a chain transmitting power from the bicycle pedals to the wheels 自行车车链

bicycle clip n.  either of two metal clips used to confine a cyclist's trousers at the ankle (骑自行车时用的)裤管夹

bicycle pump n.  a portable pump for inflating bicycle tyres 自行车打气筒

bicyclic /baiˈsaiklik, -ˈsik-/ adj. Chem.  having two (usu. fused) rings of atoms in the molecular structure 【化】(通常合并)二环的 [BI- + CYCLIC]

Bid /bid/   比德 [人名]

bid /bid/ v. & n. ●v. (bidding; past bid, archaic [古义] bade /beid, bæd/; past part. bid, archaic [古义] bidden /ˈbid(ə)n/)  1 tr. & intr. (past and past part. bid) (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  a (esp. at an auction) offer (a certain price) (尤指在拍卖会上)叫(价)，出(价)  did not bid for the vase  没有出价买这个花瓶 bid against the dealer  与发牌者抬价竞买 bid £ 20  出价 20 英镑b  offer to do work etc. for a stated price 投标(承包工程等) 2 tr. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  a  command; order 命令，吩咐  bid the soldiers shoot  命令士兵射击b  invite 邀请  bade her start  请她开始 3 tr. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  a  utter (greeting or farewell) to 向…(打招呼、告别)  I bade him welcome  我向他表示欢迎b  proclaim (defiance etc.) 公布，宣布(挑战等) 4 (past and past part. bid) Cards 【牌戏】  a intr.  state before play how many tricks one intends to make 叫牌b tr.  state (one's intended number of tricks) 叫(牌) ●n.  1  a (esp. at an auction) an offer (of a price) (尤指在拍卖会上)出价  a bid of £ 5  出价 5 英镑b  an offer (to do work, supply goods, etc.) at a stated price; a tender 出价；投标(承包工程、供应物品等) 2 Cards  a statement of the number of tricks a player proposes to make 【牌戏】叫牌 3 colloq.  an attempt; an effort [口]企图，努力  a bid for power  企图夺权 □ bid fair to   seem likely to 有可能，看起来像□ make a bid for   try to gain 试图获得  made a bid for freedom  想要获得自由□ bidder  n.   [Old English biddan ‘ask’ from Germanic & Old English bēodan ‘offer, command’]

biddable /ˈbidəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  obedient 顺从的，服从的 2 Cards (of a hand or suit) suitable for being bid 【牌戏】(打牌人或一手牌)有叫牌资格的 □ biddability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

bidden archaic [古义] past part.  of BID 

bidding /ˈbidiŋ/ n.  1  the offers at an auction (拍卖时的)出价，叫价 2 Cards  the act of making a bid or bids 【牌戏】叫牌 3  a command, request, or invitation 命令，请求；邀请

bidding prayer n.  a prayer inviting the congregation to join in 要求教堂会众都参加的祈祷

biddy /ˈbidi/ n. (pl. -ies) slang derog.  a woman (esp. old biddy) [俚语] [贬]婆娘(尤指太婆) [pet form of the name Bridget]

bide /baid/ v. intr. archaic or dial.  remain; stay [古义] [方]持续；住，居留 □ bide one's time   await one's best opportunity 等待机会 [Old English bīdan, from Germanic]

bidet /ˈbi:dei/ n.  a low oval basin used esp. for washing the genital area (尤指清洗生殖器官及其周围部位的)坐浴盆 [French, = pony]

bidirectional /baidiˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, -dai-/ adj.  functioning in two directions 双向的

Biedermeier /ˈbi:dəmaiə/ attrib. adj.  1 (of styles, furnishings, etc.) characteristic of the period 1815 － 48 in Germany (风格、家具等)比德迈风格的 (1815 至 1848 年) 2 derog.  conventional; bourgeois [贬]传统的；平庸的 [Biedermaier a fictitious German poet created by L. Eichrodt (1854)]

biennial /baiˈeniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting two years 持续两年的 2  recurring every two years (cf. 参见 BIANNUAL) 两年一次的 ●n.  1 Bot.  a plant that takes two years to grow from seed to fruition and die (cf. 参见 ANNUAL, PERENNIAL) 【植】两年生植物 2  an event celebrated or taking place every two years 每两年举办一次的庆典 □ biennially  adv.   [Latin biennis (as BI-, annus ‘year’)]

biennium /baiˈeniəm/ n. (pl. bienniums or biennia /-niə/)  a period of two years 两年的时期 [Latin (as BIENNIAL)]

bier /biə/ n.  a movable frame on which a coffin or a corpse is placed, or taken to a grave 棺材架；停尸架 [Old English bēr, from the Germanic base of BEAR1]

biff /bif/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a sharp blow 猛的一击 ●v. tr.  strike (a person) 打(人) [imitative]

biffin /ˈbifin/ n. Brit.  a dark red cooking apple [英]深红色餐用苹果 [= beefing from BEEF + -ING1, with reference to the colour]

bifid /ˈbaifid/ adj.  divided by a deep cleft into two parts 裂成两半的 [Latin bifidus (as BI-, fidus from stem of findere ‘cleave’)]

bifocal /baiˈfəʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having two focuses, esp. of a lens with a part for distant vision and a part for near vision (尤指透镜)双焦的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  bifocal spectacles 双光眼镜

BIFU /ˈbifu:/ abbr.  Banking, Insurance, and Finance Union [缩略]银行保险金融联合会 [acronym]

bifurcate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈbaifəkeit/  divide into two branches; fork 分成两枝，分叉 ●adj. /baiˈfɜ:kət/  forked; branched 分叉的，两枝的 [medieval Latin bifurcare from Latin bifurcus ‘two-forked’ (as BI-, furca ‘fork’)]

bifurcation /baifəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a division into two branches 分成两枝b  either or both of such branches 对杈，双叉 2  the point of such a division 分叉点

big /biɡ/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (bigger, biggest)  1  a  of considerable size, amount, intensity, etc. (尺寸、数量、强度等)大的  a big mistake  大错 a big helping  大的帮助b  of a large or the largest size (尺寸上)巨大的，最大的  big toe  大脚趾 big drum  大鼓 2  important; significant; outstanding 重要的；重大的；杰出的  the big race  重大的比赛 my big chance  对我来说重要的机会 3  a  grown-up 长大了的  a big boy now  现在是个大男孩了b  elder 年龄上较大的  big sister  姐姐 4 colloq. [口]  a  boastful 自夸的，傲慢的  big words  大字眼b often iron.  generous [常讽]宽宏的，慷慨的  big of him  他度量真大c  ambitious 雄心勃勃的  big ideas  雄心勃勃 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  advanced in pregnancy; fecund 怀孕的，生殖力旺盛的  big with child  快生孩子了 big with consequences  孕育着重大结果 ●adv. colloq. in a big manner [口]宏大地 , esp. 尤指 :  1  effectively 有效地  went over big  大受欢迎 2  boastfully 自夸地，傲慢地  talk big  说大话，吹牛 3  ambitiously 有雄心地，野心勃勃地  think big  有雄心 □ the Big Three, Four, etc.   the dominant group of three, four, etc. 三强，四强等□ the big time  slang  success in a profession, esp. show business [俚语] (尤指娱乐界)成功时刻□ come (or go) over big   make a great effect 取得突出效果，大受欢迎□ in a big way   1  on a large scale 大规模地 2 colloq.  with great enthusiasm, display, etc. [口]热情地(隆重地等)□ look (or talk) big   boast 自夸□ think big   be ambitious 有雄心□ too big for one's boots (or breeches)  slang  conceited [俚语]妄自尊大的，自高自大的□ biggish  adj.  □ bigness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

bigamy /ˈbiɡəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the crime of marrying when already married to another person 重婚罪 □ bigamist  n.  □ bigamous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bigamie from bigame bigamous, from Late Latin bigamus (as BI-, Greek gamos ‘marriage’)]

Big Apple n. N. Amer. slang  New York City [北美] [俚语]大苹果城，纽约城

big band n.  a large jazz or pop orchestra 大乐队(大型爵士乐队)

big bang n. (also 亦作 Big Bang)  1  the explosion of dense matter, postulated as the origin of the universe 标志宇宙起始的爆炸，创世大爆炸 2 Stock Exch. (in the UK) the introduction in 1986 of important changes in the regulations and procedures for trading, esp. the widening of membership, the relaxation of rules for brokers, and the introduction of computerized communications 【股】(英国)“大爆炸”改革(尤指 1986 年的证劵改革，扩大会员人数、放宽针对经纪人的规定及使用计算机通讯)

Big Ben n.  the great clock tower of the Houses of Parliament and its bell 大本钟

Big Board n. US colloq.  the New York Stock Exchange [美口]纽约证券交易所

Big Brother n.  an all-powerful supposedly benevolent dictator (as in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four) 老大哥(奥威尔小说《 1984 》中的独裁者)

big bud n.  a plant disease caused by the gall-mite 巨芽病

big bug n. slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big business n.  large-scale financial dealings, esp. when sinister or exploitative 大企业，大财团

Big Chief n. (also 亦作 Big Daddy) slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big deal int. slang iron.  I am not impressed [俚语] [讽]没什么了不起的

big dipper n.  1 Brit.  a fairground switchback [英]集市的之字形曲折的路 2 N. Amer. [北美] (作 Big Dipper)  = PLOUGHn. 4 

big end n. (in a motor vehicle) the end of the connecting rod that encircles the crankpin (机动车上的)连杆头

Bigfoot /ˈbiɡfʊt/ n. (pl. Bigfeet)  a supposed yeti-like animal of NW America also called 亦称作 Sasquatch 北美野人 [from the size of its footprints]

big game n.  large animals hunted for sport 大猎物

biggie /ˈbiɡi/ n. colloq.  a big person or thing; an important event [口]大人物；大的东西；重大事情

big gun n. slang [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

big-head n. colloq.  a conceited person [口]自高自大的人 □ big-headed  adj.  □ big-headedness  n.  

big-hearted adj.  generous 大方的，宽宏大量的

bighorn /ˈbiɡhɔ:n/ n.  an American sheep, Ovis canadensis, esp. native to the Rocky Mountains (尤指生于落基山脉的)大角羊

big house n.  1  the principal house in a village etc. (村庄等中的)主屋，大房子 2 slang  a prison [俚语]监狱

bight /bait/ n.  1  a curve or recess in a coastline, river, etc. (海岸、河流等的)海湾，河湾 2  a loop of rope 绳环，绳圈 [Old English byht, from Germanic]

big idea n. often iron.  an important intention or scheme [常讽]重要意图；宏伟计划

big league n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  a top league in a professional sport, esp. baseball 体育项目中水平最高的团体(尤指棒球运动的) often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : big-league teams  一流的队伍 ●attrib. adj. (作 big-league) colloq.  major; top; outstanding [口]主要的；最高水平的；杰出的

big lie n. esp. US  an intentional distortion of facts, esp. by a politician, official body, etc. [尤美] (尤指政客、官方机构等的)弥天大谎

big money n.  large amounts of money; high profit; high pay 巨款；高利润；高报酬

big name n.  a famous person 名人，名士 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : big-name guests  贵宾

big noise n. (also 亦作 big pot or big shot) colloq. [口]  = BIGWIG 

bigot /ˈbiɡət/ n.  an obstinate and intolerant believer in a religion, political theory, etc. (宗教、政治理论等的)执拗的人，盲从者 □ bigotry  n.   [16th c. from French: origin unknown]

bigoted /ˈbiɡətid/ adj.  unreasonably prejudiced and intolerant 偏执的，顽固的

big smoke n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  London [英]伦敦 2  any large town 大城市

big stick n.  a display of force 显示武力；大棒(政策)

big-timer n. slang  a person who achieves success [俚语]成功者

big top n.  the main tent in a circus 马戏团的主要帐篷

big tree n. US  the giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum [美]巨杉

big wheel n.  1  a Ferris wheel 费里斯转轮 2 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = BIGWIG 

bigwig /ˈbiɡwiɡ/ n. colloq.  an important person [口]要人，大人物

bijou /ˈbi:ʒu:, 法 biʒu/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. bijoux pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a jewel; a trinket 宝石，小首饰 ●attrib. adj. (作 bijou)  small and elegant 小巧雅致的 [French]

bijouterie /bi:ˈʒu:t(ə)ri, 法 bijutri/ n.  jewellery; trinkets 珠宝饰物，小件饰物 [French (as BIJOU, -ERY)]

bike /baik/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a bicycle or motorcycle 自行车；摩托车 ●v. intr.  ride a bicycle or motorcycle 骑自行车；骑摩托车 [abbreviation]

biker /ˈbaikə/ n.  a cyclist, esp. a motorcyclist 骑自行车的人(尤指骑摩托车的人)

bikini /biˈki:ni/ n.  a two-piece swimsuit for women 比基尼女子泳装 [Bikini, an atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific where an atom bomb was exploded in 1946, from the supposed ‘explosive’ effect]

bikini briefs n. pl.  women's scanty briefs 比基尼式女三角裤；超短女内裤

bikini line n.  the area of skin around the edge of the bottom half of a bikini, esp. with reference to the cosmetic removal of the pubic hair in this area (尤指去掉阴毛的)比基尼部位(线)

bikky var.  of BICKY  BICKY 的变体

bilabial /baiˈleibiəl/ adj. Phonet. (of a sound etc.) made with closed or nearly closed lips 【语音】(声音等)双唇的

bilateral /baiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, on, or with two sides 两边的；在两边的；有两边的 2  affecting or between two parties, countries, etc. 影响于两个(政党、国家等)之间的，双边的  bilateral negotiations  双边谈判 □ bilaterally  adv.  

bilateral symmetry n.  the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane 两侧对称

bilberry /ˈbilb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hardy dwarf shrub, Vaccinium myrtillus, of N. Europe, growing on heaths and mountains, and having red drooping flowers and dark blue berries 欧洲越橘(长于北欧荒地及山丘，花红色下垂，结深蓝色浆果) 2  the small blue edible berry of this species 欧洲越橘的可食蓝色果实 3  any of various shrubs of the genus Vaccinium having dark blue berries (结深蓝色浆果的)乌饭树属植物 [origin uncertain: perhaps from Scandinavian]

bilbo /ˈbilbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) hist.  a sword noted for the temper and elasticity of its blade [史义]精制的好剑 [Bilboa = Bilbao in Spain, noted for the manufacture of fine blades]

bilboes /ˈbilbəʊz/ n. pl. hist.  an iron bar with sliding shackles for a prisoner's ankles [史义]带有足枷的长条形铁镣 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Bildungsroman /ˈbildʊŋzrəʊˌmɑ:n, 德 ˈbildʊŋzroˌmɑ:n/ n.  a novel dealing with one person's early life and development 教育小说，性格发展小说 [German, from Bildung ‘education’ + Roman ‘novel’]

bile /bail/ n.  1  a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder 胆汁 2  bad temper; peevish anger 坏脾气，乖戾，暴躁 [French from Latin bilis]

bile duct n.  the duct which conveys bile from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum 胆管

bi-level /ˈbailev(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having or functioning on two levels; arranged on two planes 双层的，双层功能的；双层载运的 2 N. Amer.  designating a style of two-storey house in which the lower storey is partially sunk below ground level, and the main entrance is between the two storeys [北美]半层入口住宅风格的 ●n. N. Amer.  a bi-level house [北美]半层入口风格的住宅

bilge /bildʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the area on the outer surface of a ship's hull where the flat bottom meets the vertical sides 舭(船底和船侧间的部分) 2  a (in pl. 用复数)  the lowest internal portion of the hull 底舱b (in full 全称 bilge water)  filthy water that collects inside the bilge 舱底污水 3 slang  nonsense; rot [俚语]废话，无聊话  don't talk bilge  不要说废话 ●v.  1 tr.  stave in the bilge of (a ship) 凿破(船的)舭部 2 intr.  spring a leak in the bilge 舱底漏水 3 intr.  swell out; bulge 膨胀，凸出 [probably variant of BULGE]

bilge keel n.  a plate or timber fastened under the bilge of a ship to prevent rolling 舭龙骨

bilharzia /bilˈhɑ:tsiə/ n.  1  a chronic disease, endemic in parts of Africa and S. America, caused by infestation with blood flukes (schistosomes) Also called 亦称作 bilharziasis, schistosomiasis 血吸虫病 2  = SCHISTOSOME  [modern Latin former genus name, from T. Bilharz, German physician d. 1862]

bilharziasis /bilhɑ:ˈtsaiəsis/ n.  = BILHARZIA 1 

biliary /ˈbiliəri/ adj.  of the bile 胆汁的 [French biliaire: see BILE, -ARY2]

bilingual /baiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to speak two languages, esp. fluently (尤指能流利地)说两种语言的 2  spoken or written in two languages 用两种语言说(或写)的 ●n.  a bilingual person 能使用两种语言的人 □ bilingualism  n.   [Latin bilinguis (as BI-, lingua ‘tongue’)]

bilious /ˈbiliəs/ adj.  1  affected by a disorder of the bile 胆汁分泌失调的 2  bad-tempered 坏脾气的，易发怒的 □ biliously  adv.  □ biliousness  n.   [Latin biliosus from bilis ‘bile’]

bilirubin /biliˈru:bin/ n.  an orange-yellow pigment formed by breakdown of haemoglobin and occurring in bile 胆红素 [German from Latin bilis BILE + ruber ‘red’]

bilk /bilk/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  cheat 欺骗，蒙骗 2  give the slip to 乘…不备时溜走 3  avoid paying (a creditor or debt) 躲(债)，赖(账) □ bilker  n.   [origin uncertain, perhaps = BAULK: earliest use (17th c.) in cribbage, = spoil one's opponent's score]

Bill /bil/   比尔 [人名]

bill1 /bil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a printed or written statement of charges for goods supplied or services rendered 供货清单，服务清单b  the amount owed 费用结算单，账单  ran up a bill of £ 300  费用总计有 300 英镑 2  a draft of a proposed law 法案 3  a  a poster; a placard 招贴，标语b  = HANDBILL  4  a  a printed list, esp. a theatre programme (尤指戏剧演出的)单子，剧目单b  the entertainment itself 娱乐演出，文娱节目  top of the bill  挂头牌，领衔 5 N. Amer.  a banknote [北美]钞票  ten-dollar bill  10 美元钞票 ●v. tr.  1  put in the programme; announce 列入节目单，宣布 2 (foll. by 后跟 as)  advertise 做广告 3  send a note of charges to 给…开账单  billed him for the books  要他付这些书的钱 □ billable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French bille, Anglo-Latin billa, probably alteration of medieval Latin bulla ‘seal, sealed documents, BULL2’]

bill2 /bil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the beak of a bird, esp. when it is slender, flattened, or weak, or belongs to a web-footed bird or a bird of the pigeon family (细长扁平的)鸟嘴，喙 2  the muzzle of a platypus (鸭嘴兽的)扁嘴 3  a narrow promontory 岬角，海角 4 Naut.  the point of an anchor-fluke 【海】锚爪尖 ●v. intr. (of doves etc.) stroke a bill with a bill (鸽子等)接嘴 □ bill and coo   exchange caresses 互相接吻，爱抚□ billed  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Old English bile, of unknown origin]

bill3 /bil/ n.  1 hist.  a weapon like a halberd with a hook instead of a blade [史义]钩矛，钩镰枪 2  = BILLHOOK  [Old English bil, from West Germanic]

billabong /ˈbiləbɒŋ/ n. Austral.  a branch of a river forming a backwater or a stagnant pool [澳]死河，死水洼 [Wiradhuri bilabang (originally as the name of the Bell River, NSW)]

billboard /ˈbilbɔ:d/ n.  a large outdoor board for advertisements etc. (广告等用的)室外大告示牌

billet1 /ˈbilit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place where troops etc. are lodged, usu. with civilians (为军队等提供膳宿的)私人住宅(通常与市民一起)b  a written order requiring a householder to lodge the bearer, usu. a soldier 要求私人住宅(通常为士兵)提供膳宿的正式命令 2 colloq.  a situation; a job [口]职位，工作 ●v. tr. (billeted, billeting)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, in, at)  quarter (soldiers etc.) 分配(士兵等)住宿 2 (of a householder) provide (a soldier etc.) with board and lodging (房主)为(士兵等)提供膳宿 □ billetee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ billeter  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French billette, Anglo-Latin billetta, diminutive of billa BILL1]

billet2 /ˈbilit/ n.  1  a thick piece of firewood 木柴块 2  a small metal bar 小金属条 3 Archit.  each of a series of short rolls inserted at intervals in Norman decorative mouldings 【建】错齿饰 [Middle English from French billette ‘small log’, ultimately probably of Celtic origin]

billet-doux /biliˈdu:/ n. (pl. billets-doux /-ˈdu:z/) often joc.  a love letter [常诙]情书 [French, = sweet note]

billfold /ˈbilfəʊld/ n. N. Amer.  a wallet for keeping banknotes [北美]钱夹(子)

billhead /ˈbilhed/ n.  a printed account form 空白账单

billhook /ˈbilhʊk/ n.  a sickle-shaped tool with a sharp inner edge, used for pruning, lopping, etc. 钩镰(用于修枝、剪枝等)

billiards /ˈbiljədz/ n.  1  a game played on an oblong cloth-covered table, with three balls struck with cues into pockets round the edge of the table 台球戏，弹子戏，桌球戏 2 (作 billiard) (in comb. 用于复合词)  used in billiards 台球戏用的  billiard ball  台球戏用的球 billiard table  台球台，弹子盘 [originally pl., from French billard ‘billiards, cue’, diminutive of bille ‘log’: see BILLET2]

billion /ˈbiljən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3) billions) (in sing. 用单数 prec. by 前接 a or one)  1  a thousand million (1,000,000,000 or 109)  十亿 2 (now less often, esp. Brit.)  a million million (1,000,000,000,000 or 1012) (现不常用，[尤英]) 万亿 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a very large number [口]大数目  billions of years  亿万年 ●adj.  that amount to a billion 十亿的 □ billionth  adj. & n.   [French (as BI-, MILLION)]

billionaire /biljəˈnɛə/ n.  a person possessing over a billion pounds, dollars, etc. (拥有 10 亿英镑、美元等的)亿万富翁 [on the pattern of millionaire]

bill of exchange n. Econ.  a written order to pay a sum of money on a given date to the drawer or to a named payee 【经】汇票

bill of fare n.  1  a menu 菜单 2  a programme (for a theatrical event) (戏剧演出的)节目单

bill of goods n. N. Amer.  a consignment of merchandise [北美]货物清单 □ sell a person a bill of goods   deceive a person 骗取某人

bill of health n.  1 Naut.  a certificate regarding infectious disease on a ship or in a port at the time of sailing 【海】(船只的)检疫证书 2 (in phr. 用于短语 clean bill of health)  a  such a certificate stating that there is no disease 健康证书，无疫证书b  a declaration that a person or thing examined has been found to be free of illness or in good condition 健康证明

bill of indictment n. hist. or US  a written accusation as presented to a grand jury [史义] [美]起诉书

bill of lading n. Naut. 【海】  1  a shipmaster's detailed list of the ship's cargo 提货单 2 US [美]  = WAYBILL 

Bill of Rights n.  1 Law  the English constitutional settlement of 1689 【法律】(英国 1689 年的)《权利法案》 2 Law (in the US) the original constitutional amendments of 1791 【法律】(美国 1791 年通过的)《人权法案》 3  a statement of the rights of a class of people (民众的)基本权利声明

bill of sale n. Econ.  a certificate of transfer of personal property, esp. as a security against debt 【经】(尤指作为欠债的)动产抵押据

billon /ˈbilən/ n.  an alloy of gold or silver with a predominating admixture of a base metal 比朗金(或银)合金 [French from bille BILLET2]

billow /ˈbiləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wave 波浪 2  a soft upward-curving flow 波涛 3  any large soft mass 波涛般滚滚向前之物 ●v. intr.  move or build up in billows 波浪翻滚；波浪样地滚动 □ billowy  adj.   [Old Norse bylgja, from Germanic]

billposter /ˈbilpəʊstə/ n. (also 亦作 billsticker /-stikə/)  a person who pastes up advertisements on hoardings 张贴广告的人 □ billposting  n.  

Billy /ˈbili/   比利 [人名]

billy1 /ˈbili/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 billycan /ˈbilikæn/) orig. Austral.  a tin or enamel cooking pot with a lid and wire handle, for use out of doors [源于澳]户外烹调用的铁皮罐 [perhaps from Aboriginal billa ‘water’]

billy2 /ˈbili/ n. (pl. -ies)  = BILLY GOAT 

billycan  see 见 BILLY1 

billy goat n.  a male goat 公山羊 [Billy, pet form of the name William]

billy-o /ˈbiliəʊ/ n.   □ like billy-o  Brit. slang  very much, hard, strongly, etc. [英] [俚语]极度(好、硬、强大等)  raining like billy-o  大雨倾盆 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bilobate /baiˈləʊbeit/ adj. (also 亦作 bilobed /-ˈləʊbd/)  having or consisting of two lobes 有两叶的，具两叶的

biltong /ˈbiltɒŋ/ n. S. Afr.  boneless meat salted and dried in strips [南非]晒干的腌肉条 [Afrikaans from Dutch bil ‘buttock’ and tong ‘tongue’]

BIM abbr.  British Institute of Management [缩略]英国管理学院

bimanal /ˈbimən(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 bimanous /-nəs/)  having two hands 有两手的 [BI- + Latin manus ‘hand’]

bimbo /ˈbimbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang usu. derog. [俚语] [常贬]  1  a woman, esp. a young empty-headed one 妇女(尤指一无所有的年轻妇女) 2  a person 人，家伙 [Italian, = little child]

bi-media /baiˈmi:diə/ attrib. adj. Brit.  involving or working in two of the mass communication media, esp. radio and television [英] (尤指电台和电视)双媒体的；在双媒体工作的

bimetallic /baimiˈtælik/ adj.  1  made of two metals 双金属制的 2  of or relating to bimetallism (有关) (金银)复本位制的 [French bimétallique (as BI-, METALLIC)]

bimetallic strip n.  a sensitive element in some thermostats made of two bands of different metals that expand at different rates when heated, causing the strip to bend and thus to break a circuit (某些恒温器中的)双金属带(片)

bimetallism /baiˈmet(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system of allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g. gold and silver) at a fixed ratio to each other, as coined money (金银)复本位制 □ bimetallist  n.  

bimillenary /baimiˈlenəri, -ˈli:n-; baiˈmilənəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a two-thousandth anniversary 2000 周年的，与 2000 周年有关的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a bimillenary year or festival 2000 周年， 2000 周年纪念

bimodal /baiˈməʊd(ə)l/ adj. esp. Statistics  having two modes (尤)【统计学】双峰的

bimonthly /baiˈmʌnθli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  occurring twice a month or every two months 每月两次的；每两月一次的 ●adv.  twice a month or every two months 每月两次地；每两月一次地 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a periodical produced bimonthly 双月利■Usage 用法说明 Bimonthly, biweekly, and biyearly are often avoided, because of the ambiguity of meaning, in favour of two-monthly and twice-monthly etc. or every two months and twice a month etc. bimonthly, biweekly, biyearly 释义含糊，一般不用，而用 two-monthly, twice-monthly 等词，或者用 every two months 和 twice a month 等。 

bin /bin/ n. & v. ●n.  a large receptacle for storage or for depositing rubbish 大贮藏箱，大垃圾箱 ●v. tr. (binned, binning) colloq. [口]  1  store or put in a bin 放进(或贮藏在)箱里 2  throw away 扔掉 [Old English bin(n), binne]

bin- /bin, bain/ prefix var.  of BI- before a vowel 用在元音前， BI- 的变体

binary /ˈbainəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  dual 二元的；双重的b  of or involving pairs (包含)一对的，(包含)双体的 2  of the arithmetical system using 2 as a base 二进制的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  something having two parts 由两部分组成的一组；一双；双体 2  a binary number 二进制数 3  a binary star 双星 [Late Latin binarius from bini ‘two together’]

binary code n. Computing  a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer (see 见 BCD) 【计算】二进制代码

binary compound n. Chem.  a compound having two elements or radicals 【化】二元化合物

binary fission n.  the division of a cell or organism into two parts 二分裂

binary number n. (also 亦作 binary digit)  one of two digits (usu. 0 or 1) in a binary system of notation 二进制数码(通常 0 或 1)

binary star n.  a system of two stars orbiting each other 双星

binary system n.  a system in which information can be expressed by combinations of the digits 0 and 1 (corresponding to ‘off’ and ‘on’ in computing) 二进制记数法(在计算机运算中与“关”和“开”相对应)

binary tree n.  a data structure in which a record is branched to the left when greater and to the right when less than the previous record 二叉树

binate /ˈbaineit/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  growing in pairs 成对生长的 2  composed of two equal parts 成对的，双生的 [modern Latin binatus from Latin bini ‘two together’]

binaural /biˈnɔ:r(ə)l, bai-/ adj.  1  of or used with both ears 两耳的，用两耳的 2 (of sound) recorded using two microphones and usu. transmitted separately to the two ears (声音通常分别传到两耳)双声道的，立体声的

bind /baind/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bound /baʊnd/) (see also 亦见 BOUNDEN)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, on, together)  tie or fasten tightly 捆，绑，扎 2 tr.  a  restrain; put in bonds 限制，控制；使连结b (as 作 -bound adj.)  constricted, obstructed 阻挡(的)，堵塞(的)  snowbound  被雪困住的 3 tr. esp. Cookery  cause (ingredients) to cohere using another ingredient (尤)【烹饪】使(原料)粘上 4 tr.  fasten or hold together as a single mass 使结合成一团 5 tr.  compel; impose an obligation or duty on 强迫使负责任(或义务) 6 tr.  a  edge (fabric etc.) with braid etc. 用(编带等)给(织物等)镶边b  fix together and fasten (the pages of a book) in a cover 装订(书籍) 7 tr.  constipate 使便秘，使肠道秘结 8 tr.  ratify (a bargain, agreement, etc.) 使(交易、合约等)定局 9 tr. (in passive 用被动)  be required by an obligation or duty 约束  am bound to answer  必须回答 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  put a bandage or other covering round 用绷带(或他物)包扎b  fix together with something put round 束，系  bound her hair  束住她的头发 11 tr.  indenture as an apprentice 订立契约使做学徒 12 intr. (of snow etc.) cohere, stick (雪等)凝结，变坚实 13 intr.  be prevented from moving freely 受阻致不能自由活动 14 intr. Brit. slang  complain [英] [俚语]抱怨 ●n.  1 colloq.  a nuisance; a restriction [口]困境；限制，约束 2  = BINE  □ be bound up with   be closely associated with 与…紧密联系□ bind over  Law  order (a person) to do something, esp. keep the peace 【法律】命令某人做某事(尤指不闹了)□ bind up   bandage 包扎，用绷带包扎□ I'll be bound   a statement of assurance, or guaranteeing the truth of something 我肯定，我保证 [Old English bindan]

binder /ˈbaində/ n.  1  a cover for sheets of paper, for a book, etc. (论文、书等的)活页夹 2  a substance that acts cohesively 黏合剂 3  a reaping machine that binds grain into sheaves 割捆机 4  a bookbinder 装订工

bindery /ˈbaind(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a workshop or factory for binding books 装订车间；装订厂

bindi-eye /ˈbindiai/ n.  a small perennial Australian plant, Calotis cuneifolia, which has a burlike fruit (澳大利亚一种多年生草本植物)有刺果 [20th c.: perhaps Aboriginal]

binding /ˈbaindiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  something that binds, esp. the covers, glue, etc., of a book (书的)封皮；装订(黏合剂等) ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  obligatory 有约束力的，强制性的

bindweed /ˈbaindwi:d/ n.  1  convolvulus 旋花属植物 2  any of various climbing plants such as honeysuckle 忍冬(或其他蔓生植物)

bine /bain/ n.  1  the twisting stem of a climbing plant, esp. the hop (蔓生植物的)蔓，藤(尤指忽布的蔓) 2  a flexible shoot (易弯曲的)嫩枝 [originally a dialect form of BIND]

bin-end n. Brit.  one of the last bottles from a bin of wine, usu. sold at a reduced price [英]减价瓶装酒(通常为窖底残存酒，减价出售)

Binet-Simon test /ˈbi:neiˌsi:mɒ˜/ adj. (also 亦作 Binet test) Psychol.  a test used to measure intelligence, esp. of children 【心】(尤指儿童)比奈－西蒙智力测试 [A. Binet d. 1911 and T. Simon d. 1961, French psychologists]

binge /bin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a spree; a period of uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. 欢闹，狂饮(无节制的吃、喝等) ●v. intr. (bingeing or binging)  go on a spree; indulge in uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. 欢闹，狂饮(无节制的吃、喝等) [probably originally dialect, = soak]

bingo /ˈbiŋɡəʊ/ n. & int. ●n.  a game for any number of players, each having a card of squares with numbers, which are marked off as numbers are randomly drawn by a caller 宾戈(一种赌博性游戏) ●int.  expressing sudden surprise, satisfaction, etc., as in winning at bingo (表示惊讶、得意等)瞧！  [probably imitative: cf. dialect bing ‘with a bang’]

bin liner n. Brit.  a bag (usu. of plastic) for lining a rubbish bin [英]垃圾箱(通常塑料)衬袋

binman /ˈbinmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. colloq.  a dustman [英口]清洁工

binnacle /ˈbinək(ə)l/ n.  a built-in housing for a ship's compass 罗经柜 [earlier bittacle, ultimately from Latin habitaculum ‘habitation’ from habitare ‘inhabit’]

binocular /biˈnɒkjʊlə/ adj.  adapted for or using both eyes 双目的，双目并用的 [BIN- + Latin oculus ‘eye’]

binoculars /biˈnɒkjʊləz/ n. pl.  an optical instrument with a lens for each eye, for viewing distant objects 双筒望远镜

binocular vision n.  vision using two eyes with overlapping fields of view, allowing good perception of depth 双眼视觉

binomial /baiˈnəʊmiəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms 二项式 2  a two-part name, esp. in taxonomy 双名(尤指动植物的分类) ●adj.  consisting of two terms 二项式的，双名的 □ binomially  adv.   [French binôme or modern Latin binomium (as BI-, Greek nomos ‘part, portion’)]

binomial classification n.  a system of classification using two terms, the first one indicating the genus and the second the species 双名分类

binomial distribution n.  a frequency distribution of the possible number of successful outcomes in a given number of trials in each of which there is the same probability of success 二项分布

binomial theorem n.  a formula for finding any power of a binomial without multiplying at length 二项式定理

binominal /baiˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  = BINOMIAL  [Latin binominis (as BI-, nomen -inis name)]

bint /bint/ n. Brit. slang usu. offens.  a girl or woman [英] [俚语] [通常冒犯]少女，妇人 [Arabic, = daughter, girl]

binturong /ˈbintjʊrɒŋ/ n.  a civet, Arctictis binturong, of S. Asia, with a shaggy black coat and a prehensile tail (南亚)熊狸 [Malay]

bio- /ˈbaiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  life (biography 传记) 生命 2  biological (biomathematics 生物数学) 生物学的 3  of living beings (biophysics 生物物理学) 生物的 [Greek bios ‘(course of) human life’]

bioassay /ˌbaiəʊəˈsei/ n.  measurement of the concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissues 生物鉴定，生物测定 [BIO- + ASSAY]

biochemistry /baiə(ʊ)ˈkemistri/ n.  the study of the chemical and physico-chemical processes of living organisms 生物化学 □ biochemical  adj.  □ biochemist  n.  

biocide /ˈbaiəsaid/ n.  1  a poisonous substance, esp. a pesticide 生物杀灭剂(尤指杀虫剂) 2  the destruction of life (生命的)残害，毁灭 [BIO- + -CIDE]

biocoenosis /ˌbaiə(ʊ)siˈnəʊsis/ n. (US [美] biocenosis) (pl. -noses /-si:z/)  1  an association of different organisms forming a community 生物群落 2  the relationship existing between such organisms 群落关系 □ biocoenology  /-ˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  □ biocoenotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from BIO- + Greek koinōsis ‘sharing’ from koinos ‘common’]

biodegradable /ˌbaiə(ʊ)diˈɡreidəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms 可进行生物降解的 □ biodegradability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ biodegradation  /ˌbaiəʊdeɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

biodiversity /ˌbaiə(ʊ)daiˈvɜ:siti/ n.  diversity of plant and animal life 生物的多样性

bioenergetics /ˌbaiəʊenəˈdʒetiks/ n.  the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms 生物能学

bioengineering /ˌbaiəʊendʒiˈniəriŋ/ n.  1  the industrial use of biosynthetic processes 生物工程 2  the use of artificial tissues, organs, or organ components to replace damaged or absent parts of the body, e.g. artificial limbs, heart pacemakers, etc. 人工器官移植(如人造四肢、心脏起博器等) □ bioengineer  n. & v.  

bioethics /baiəʊˈeθiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the ethics of medical and biological research 生物伦理学 □ bioethicist  /-sist/ n.  

biofeedback /baiəʊˈfi:dbæk/ n.  the technique of using the feedback of a normally automatic bodily response to a stimulus, in order to acquire voluntary control of that response 生物反馈(技术)

bioflavonoid /baiəʊˈfleivənɔid/ n.  a group of substances occurring mainly in citrus fruits and blackcurrants, and formerly regarded as a vitamin P Also called 亦称作 citrin, vitamin P 生物黄酮类，维生素 [BIO- + flavonoid from FLAVINE + -OID]

biogas /ˈbaiə(ʊ)ɡæs/ n.  gaseous fuel, esp. methane, produced by fermentation of organic matter 生物气(尤指沼气)

biogenesis /baiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the synthesis of substances by living organisms 生物合成 2  the hypothesis that a living organism arises only from another similar living organism 生源说 □ biogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

biogenic /baiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  produced by living organisms 由生物作用产生的，起源于生物的

biogeography /ˌbaiəʊdʒiˈɒɡrəfi, -ˈdʒɒɡ-/ n.  the scientific study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals 生物地理学(研究动植物的地理分布) □ biogeographical  /-dʒiəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

biography /baiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a written account of a person's life, usu. by another (通常由他人书写的)人物传记b  such writing as a branch of literature 传记体文学 2  the course of a living (usu. human) being's life (通常人类)变迁史 □ biographer  n.  □ biographic  /baiəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ biographical  /baiəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [French biographie or modern Latin biographia, from medieval Greek]

biohazard /ˈbaiəʊˌhæzəd/ n.  a risk to human health or the environment arising from biological work, esp. with micro-organisms (尤指带有微生物的生物工作所引起的)生物危害

biological /baiə(ʊ)ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to biology or living organisms (有关)生物学的，(有关)生物的 2 (of a detergent etc.) containing enzymes to assist the process of cleaning (去污剂等)含酶的 □ biologically  adv.  

biological clock n.  an innate mechanism controlling the rhythmic physiological activities of an organism 生物钟

biological control n.  the control of a pest by the introduction of a natural enemy 生物控制(防治)

biological warfare n.  warfare involving the use of toxins or micro-organisms 细菌战，生物战

biology /baiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of living organisms 生物学 2  the plants and animals of a particular area (一个地区的)生物 □ biologist  n.   [French biologie from German Biologie (as BIO-, -LOGY)]

bioluminescence /ˌbaiəʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  the emission of light by living organisms such as the firefly and glow-worm (如萤火虫)生物发光 □ bioluminescent  adj.  

biomass /ˈbaiə(ʊ)mæs/ n.  the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume (在特定面积或体积内的)生物量 [BIO- + MASS]

biomathematics /ˌbaiə(ʊ)mæθ(ə)ˈmætiks/ n.  the science of the application of mathematics to biology 生物数学

biome /ˈbaiəʊm/ n.  1  a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur, e.g. tundra 生物群系，生物群落(如苔原) 2  the geographical region containing such a community 生物群落区(带) [BIO- + -OME]

biomechanics /ˌbaiə(ʊ)miˈkæniks/ n.  the study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms 生物力学

biomedical /baiə(ʊ)ˈmedik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to both biology and medicine (有关)生物医学的 □ biomedicine  n.  

biometry /baiˈɒmitri/ n. (also 亦作 biometrics /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetriks/)  the application of statistical analysis to biological data 生物统计学 □ biometric  /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ biometrical  /baiə(ʊ)ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ biometrician  /baiə(ʊ)miˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  

biomorph /ˈbaiəʊmɔ:f/ n.  a decorative form based on a living organism 生物形态 □ biomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [BIO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

bionic /baiˈɒnik/ adj.  1  having artificial body parts or the superhuman powers resulting from these 仿生的 2  relating to bionics 与仿生学有关的 □ bionically  adv.   [BIO-, on the pattern of electronic]

bionics /baiˈɒniks/ n.  the study of mechanical systems that function like living organisms or parts of living organisms 仿生学

bionomics /baiə(ʊ)ˈnɒmiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology 生态学 □ bionomic  adj.   [BIO-, on the pattern of economics]

biophysics /baiə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  the science of the application of the laws of physics to biological phenomena 生物物理学 □ biophysical  adj.  □ biophysicist  /-sist/ n.  

biopic /ˈbaiəʊpik/ n. colloq.  a biographical film [口]传记(体影)片 [biographical + PIC]

biopsy /ˈbaiɒpsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease 活检，活组织检查 [French biopsie from Greek bios ‘life’ + opsis ‘sight’, on the pattern of necropsy]

biorhythm /ˈbaiə(ʊ)rið(ə)m/ n.  1  any of the recurring cycles of biological processes thought to affect a person's emotional, intellectual, and physical activity 生物节律 2  any periodic change in the behaviour or physiology of an organism 生物节律变化 □ biorhythmic  /-ˈriðmik/ adj.  □ biorhythmically  /-ˈriðmik(ə)li/ adv.  

bioscope /ˈbaiəskəʊp/ n. S. Afr. slang  a cinema [南非] [俚语]电影；电影院 [in early use ‘a view of life’, from BIO- + -SCOPE]

biosphere /ˈbaiə(ʊ)sfiə/ n.  the regions of the earth's crust and atmosphere occupied by living organisms 生物圈 [German Biosphɑ¨re (as BIO-, SPHERE)]

biosynthesis /baiə(ʊ)ˈsinθisis/ n.  the production of organic molecules by living organisms 生物合成 □ biosynthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  

biota /baiˈəʊtə/ n.  the animal and plant life of a region 一个地区的动植物 [modern Latin from Greek biotē ‘life’]

biotechnology /ˌbaiə(ʊ)tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, esp. genetic manipulation of micro-organisms (for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.) (尤指通过微生物基因手法的)生物工艺学(生产抗生素、激素等)

biotic /baiˈɒtik/ adj.  1  relating to life or to living things (有关)生命的，(有关)生物的 2  of biological origin 由生物引起的 [French biotique or Late Latin bioticus, from Greek biōtikos from bios ‘life’]

biotin /ˈbaiətin/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in egg yolk, liver, and yeast, and involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Also (esp. US) called [尤美]亦称作 vitamin H 生物素，维生素 H [German, from Greek bios ‘life’ + -IN]

biotite /ˈbaiətait/ n.  a black, dark brown, or green micaceous mineral occurring as a constituent of metamorphic and igneous rocks 黑云母 [J. B. Biot, French mineralogist d. 1862]

bipartisan /ˌbaipɑ:tiˈzæn/ adj.  of or involving two (esp. political) parties (代表)两党的(尤指政党) □ bipartisanship  n.  

bipartite /baiˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  1  consisting of two parts 由两部分构成的 2  shared by or involving two parties 两方(政党)共有的；代表双方的 3 Law (of a contract, treaty, etc.) drawn up in two corresponding parts or between two parties 【法律】(合同、条约等)一式两份的；双方之间的 [Latin bipartitus from bipartire (as BI-, partire PART)]

biped /ˈbaiped/ n. & adj. ●n.  a two-footed animal 二足动物 ●adj.  two-footed 二足的 □ bipedal  /baiˈpi:d(ə)l/ adj.  □ bipedalism  /baiˈpi:d(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  □ bipedality  /baipi:ˈdæliti/ n.   [Latin bipes -edis (as BI-, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

biphenyl /baiˈfi:nail, baiˈfenil/ n. Chem.  an organic compound containing two phenyl groups. Cf. 参见 PCB 【化】联苯，二苯基

bipinnate /baiˈpineit/ adj. (of a pinnate leaf) having leaflets that are further subdivided in a pinnate arrangement (复叶)二回羽状的，两羽状的

biplane /ˈbaiplein/ n.  an early type of aeroplane having two sets of wings, one above the other (cf. 参见 MONOPLANE) 双翼飞机

bipolar /baiˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having two poles or extremities 有两极的，双极的 □ bipolarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  

birch /bɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 birch tree)  any tree of the genus Betula, having thin peeling bark, bearing catkins, and found predominantly in northern temperate regions 桦；桦属树木 2 (in full 全称 birchwood)  the hard fine-grained pale wood of these trees 桦木 3 NZ  any of various similar trees [新]类似桦属的树木 4 (in full 全称 birch-rod)  a bundle of birch twigs used for flogging 桦条 ●v. tr.  beat with a birch (in sense 4 of n. 用于名词释义 4) 用桦条打 □ birchen  adj.   [Old English bi(e)rce, from Germanic]

birch-bark n.  1  the bark of Betula papyrifera used to make canoes 桦树皮 2 N. Amer.  such a canoe [北美]桦皮独木船

bird /bɜ:d/ n.  1  a feathered vertebrate of the class Aves with a beak, two wings, and two feet, egg-laying and usu. able to fly (通常能飞的)鸟，禽 2  a game bird (可捕捉的)猎鸟 3 Brit. slang  a young woman [英] [俚语]少女，姑娘 4 colloq.  a person [口]人；家伙  a wily old bird  狡猾的老家伙 5 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a prison 监狱b rhyming slang  a prison sentence (short for birdlime = time) [同韵俚语]刑期 □ a bird in the hand   something secured or certain 已到手的东西，有把握的事物□ the bird is (or has) flown   the prisoner, quarry, etc., has escaped 囚犯(或猎物等)逃跑了□ the birds and the bees  euphem.  sexual activity and reproduction [婉]两性关系的基本知识□ birds of a feather   people of like character 同类的人□ for (or strictly for) the birds  colloq.  trivial, uninteresting [口]无价值的，无趣的□ get the bird  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  be dismissed 被解雇 2  be hissed at or booed 被嘘，被喝倒彩□ like a bird  Brit.  without difficulty or hesitation [英]毫无困难，毫不犹豫□ a little bird   an unnamed informant 私下提供消息者，告密者 [Old English brid, of unknown origin]

bird bath n.  a basin in a garden etc. with water for birds to bathe in (花园等处的)鸟浴盆

birdbrain /ˈbɜ:dbrein/ n. colloq.  a stupid or flighty person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜；轻浮的人 □ birdbrained  adj.  

birdcage /ˈbɜ:dkeidʒ/ n.  1  a cage for birds usu. made of wire or cane 鸟笼(通常用铁丝或竹、藤片制成) 2  an object of a similar design 鸟笼式东西

bird call n.  1  a bird's natural call 鸟叫声 2  an instrument imitating this 鸟笛，鸟叫声模仿器

bird cherry n.  a wild cherry, Prunus padus 稠李(稠梨)

birder /ˈbɜ:də/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a birdwatcher [尤北美]鸟类研究者，鸟类观察者 □ birding  n.  

bird-fancier n.  a person who knows about, collects, breeds, or deals in, birds 玩鸟的人，研究鸟的人，鸟商

birdie /ˈbɜ:di/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq.  a little bird [口]小鸟 2 Golf  a score of one stroke less than par at any hole 【高尔夫球】小鸟球，少于标准一击的入穴 ●v. tr. (birdies, birdied, birdying) Golf  play (a hole) in a birdie 【高尔夫球】比标准数少一次击球打入(穴)

birdlime /ˈbɜ:dlaim/ n.  sticky material painted on to twigs to trap small birds 粘鸟胶

bird-nesting n. (also 亦作 bird's-nesting)  hunting for birds' nests, usu. to get eggs 掏鸟窝(通常为获得鸟蛋)

bird of paradise n.  any bird of the family Paradiseidae, found chiefly in New Guinea, the males having very beautiful brilliantly coloured plumage 极乐鸟，风鸟

bird of passage n.  1  a migrant 候鸟 2  any transient visitor 漂泊不定的人

bird of prey n.  a bird which hunts animals for food 猛禽

bird sanctuary n.  an area where birds are protected and encouraged to breed 鸟类保护区

birdseed /ˈbɜ:dsi:d/ n.  a blend of seed for feeding birds, esp. ones which are caged (尤指喂笼中鸟的)鸟食

bird's-eye n. & adj. ●n.  1  any of several plants having small bright round flowers, such as the germander speedwell 开鲜艳小花的植物(如婆婆纳) 2  a pattern with many small spots 鸟眼花纹 ●adj.  of or having small bright round flowers 有鸟眼花纹的；开鲜艳小花的  bird's-eye primrose  色彩鲜艳的报春花

bird's-eye view n.  a general view from above 鸟瞰

bird's-foot n. (pl. bird's-foots)  any plant having a part like the foot of a bird, esp. a vetch of the genus Ornithopus, with claw-shaped pods (叶或花形)似鸟足的植物(尤指鸟脚属鸟足大戟)

bird's-foot trefoil n.  a small leguminous plant, Lotus corniculatus, having yellow flowers streaked with red 牛角花，百脉根(黄花带花条)

bird's-nesting var.  of BIRD-NESTING  BIRD-NESTING 的变体

bird's nest soup n.  soup made (esp. in Chinese cookery) from the dried gelatinous coating of the nests of swifts and other birds (尤指中国菜肴中的)燕窝汤

birdsong /ˈbɜ:dsɒŋ/ n.  the musical cry of a bird or birds 鸟鸣，鸣啭

bird-strike n.  a collision between a bird and an aircraft 鸟与飞机的撞击

bird table n. Brit.  a raised platform on which food for birds is placed [英]鸟食台

birdwatcher /ˈbɜ:dwɒtʃə/ n.  a person who observes birds in their natural surroundings 鸟类观察者，鸟类研究者 □ birdwatching  n.  

birefringent /bairiˈfrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj. Physics  having two different refractive indices 【物理学】双折射的 □ birefringence  n.  

bireme /ˈbairi:m/ n. hist.  an ancient Greek warship, with two files of oarsmen on each side [史义] (古希腊的)双排桨海船 [Latin biremis (as BI-, remus ‘oar’)]

biretta /biˈretə/ n.  a square usu. black cap with three flat projections on top, worn by (esp. Roman Catholic) clergymen 四角帽(尤指天主教神职人员所戴的法冠) [Italian berretta or Spanish birreta, from Late Latin birrus ‘hooded cape’]

biriani /biriˈɑ:ni/ n. (also 亦作 biryani)  an originally Indian dish made with highly seasoned rice, and meat or fish etc. 印度比尔亚尼菜(内含大米、肉、鱼等) [Urdu]

Birmingham /ˈbɜ:miŋəm/, /ˈbɜ:miŋhæm/ n.  1 /ˈbɜ:miŋəm/  伯明翰[英国城市] 2 /ˈbɜ:miŋhæm/  伯明翰[美国城市]

biro /ˈbairəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. propr.  a kind of ballpoint pen [英] [商标]博罗(一种圆珠笔) [L. Biró (d.1985), Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint]

birth /bɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the emergence of a (usu. fully developed) infant or other young from the body of its mother (通常指充分发育后)出生，分娩 2 literary  the beginning or coming into existence of something [文学用语]起源，开始  the birth of civilization  文明的起源 the birth of socialism  社会主义的起源 3  a  origin, descent, ancestry 家系，出身，血统  of noble birth  出身高贵b  high or noble birth; inherited position 高贵的出生；门第 ●v. tr. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give birth to 分娩(生育) 2  assist (a woman) to give birth 协助(妇女)分娩，生育 □ give birth   bear a child etc. 分娩，生育(孩子等)□ give birth to   1  produce (young) from the womb 生下，生出(小孩) 2  cause to begin, found 引起，产生 [Middle English, from Old Norse byrth from Germanic: see BEAR1, -TH2]

birth certificate n.  an official document identifying a person by name, place, date of birth, and parentage 出生证明

birth control n.  the control of the number of children one conceives, esp. by contraception (尤指通过避孕)节育

birth control pill n.  the contraceptive pill (女用)避孕丸

birthday /ˈbɜ:θdei/ n.  1  the day on which a person etc. was born (人等的)出生日 2  the anniversary of this 生日 □ in one's birthday suit  joc.  naked [诙]裸体

birthday honours n. pl. Brit.  titles etc. given on a sovereign's official birthday [英]在国王(或女王)诞辰授予的头衔

birthing /ˈbɜ:θiŋ/ n.  the act or process of giving birth 分娩的行为(或过程) also 亦作 attrib.: birthing position  分娩姿势

birthing pool n.  a large bath for giving birth in 分娩池

birthmark /ˈbɜ:θmɑ:k/ n.  an unusual brown or red mark on one's body at or from birth 胎记，胎痣

birth mother n.  = MOTHERn. 1a 

birth pill n. Brit. [英]  = BIRTH CONTROL PILL 

birthplace /ˈbɜ:θpleis/ n.  the place where a person was born 诞生地，出生地

birth rate n.  the number of live births per thousand of population per year (人口)出生率

birthright /ˈbɜ:θrait/ n.  a right of possession or privilege one has from birth, esp. as the eldest son 继承权(尤指长子继承权)

birthstone /ˈbɜ:θstəʊn/ n.  a gemstone popularly associated with the month of one's birth 诞生石

birthweight /ˈbɜ:θweit/ n.  the weight of a baby at birth 出生时的体重

biryani var.  of BIRIANI  BIRIANI 的变体

biscuit /ˈbiskit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit.  a small unleavened cake, usu. flat and crisp and often sweet [英]饼干(通常扁平、脆，常甜) 2  fired unglazed pottery (陶瓷的)素烧坯 3  a light brown colour 淡褐色 ●adj.  light brown 淡褐色的 □ biscuity  adj.   [Middle English from Old French bescoit etc., ultimately from Latin bis ‘twice’ + coctus, past part. of coquere ‘cook’]

bise /bi:z/ n.  a keen dry northerly wind in Switzerland, southern France, etc. (瑞士、法国南部等的)干冷北风 [French]

bisect /baiˈsekt/ v. tr.  divide into two (strictly, equal) parts 把…(等)分为二 □ bisection  /-ˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ bisector  n.   [BI- + Latin secare sect- ‘cut’]

bisexual /baiˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sexually attracted by persons of both sexes 对两性都有兴趣的 2 Biol.  having characteristics of both sexes 【生】雌雄同体的 3  of or concerning both sexes 两性的，与两性有关的 ●n.  a bisexual person 阴阳人 □ bisexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  

bish /biʃ/ n. Brit. slang  a mistake [英] [俚语]错，错误 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bishop /ˈbiʃəp/ n.  1  a senior member of the Christian clergy usu. in charge of a diocese, and empowered to confer holy orders (基督教的)主教(通常负责主教管区) 2  a chess piece with the top sometimes shaped like a mitre (国际象棋中的)象 3  mulled and spiced wine 香甜葡萄酒 [Old English biscop, ultimately from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’ (as EPI-, -skopos ‘-looking’)]

bishopric /ˈbiʃəprik/ n.  1  the office of a bishop 主教的职位 2  a diocese 主教管区 [Old English bisceoprīce (as BISHOP, rīce ‘realm’)]

bismuth /ˈbizməθ/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a brittle reddish-white metallic element, occurring naturally and used in alloys (symbol 符 Bi) (化学元素)铋 2  any compound of this element used medicinally 铋的化合物 [modern Latin bisemutum, Latinization of German Wismut, of unknown origin]

bison /ˈbais(ə)n/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  either of two wild humpbacked shaggy-haired oxen of the genus Bison, native to N. America (B. bison) or Europe (B. bonasus) 美洲野牛，欧洲野牛 [Middle English, via Latin from Germanic]

bisque1 /bisk, bi:sk/ n.  a rich shellfish soup, made esp. from lobster (尤指龙虾)贝肉汤 [French]

bisque2 /bisk/ n. Tennis, Croquet & Golf  an advantage of scoring one free point, or taking an extra turn or stroke 【网球】【槌球】【高尔夫球】一分(杆)的让步 [French]

bisque3 /bisk/ n.  = BISCUIT 2 

bistable /baiˈsteib(ə)l/ adj. (of an electrical circuit etc.) having two stable states (电路等)双稳态的

bister var.  of BISTRE  BISTRE 的变体

bistort /ˈbistɔ:t/ n.  a herbaceous plant, Polygonum bistorta, with a twisted root and a cylindrical spike of flesh-coloured flowers 拳参 [French bistorte or medieval Latin bistorta, from bis ‘twice’ + torta, fem. past part. of torquēre ‘twist’]

bistoury /ˈbistʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical scalpel 外科用细长刀 [French bistouri, bistorie, originally = dagger, of unknown origin]

bistre /ˈbistə/ n. & adj. (US [美] bister) ●n.  1  a brownish pigment made from the soot of burnt wood (由燃烧木材的烟灰中制取的)褐色颜料 2  the brownish colour of this 褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 褐色的 [French, of unknown origin]

bistro /ˈbi:strəʊ, ˈbis-/ n. (pl. -os)  a small restaurant 小饭馆，小酒馆 [French]

bisulphate /baiˈsʌlfeit/ n. (US [美] bisulfate) Chem.  a salt or ester of sulphuric acid 【化】酸式硫酸盐(酯)，硫酸氢盐(酯)

bit1 /bit/ n.  1  a small piece or quantity 一小块，少量  a bit of cheese  一小块奶酪 give me another bit  再给我一点儿 that bit is too small  那一小块太小了 2 (prec. by 前接 a)  a  a fair amount 一点儿，少量  sold quite a bit  已卖出一点了 needed a bit of persuading  需要一些说服工作b colloq.  somewhat [口]有点儿  am a bit tired  我有点累了c (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  rather [口]相当，颇  a bit of an idiot  大傻瓜d (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  only a little; a mere [口]只是，稍微，仅仅  a bit of a boy  仅仅一个小男孩 3  a short time or distance 一会儿；短距离  wait a bit  等一会儿 move up a bit  稍稍往前一点儿 4 US slang  a unit of 12(1/2) cents (used only in even multiples) [美] [俚语] 12 分半，一角两分半(仅用于双数的倍数) □ bit by bit   gradually 逐渐地，一点一点地□ bit of all right  Brit. slang  a pleasing person or thing, esp. a woman [英] [俚语]赏心悦目的东西(尤指美丽的女人)□ bit of fluff (or skirt or stuff)   see 见 FLUFF, SKIRT n. 5, STUFF □ bit of rough   see 见 ROUGH □ bit on the side  slang [俚语]  1  a sexual relationship involving infidelity to one's partner 私通 2  the person with whom one is unfaithful 奸夫，奸妇□ bits and pieces (or bobs)   an assortment of small items 零星碎片，杂物□ do one's bit  colloq.  make a useful contribution to an effort or cause [口]尽自己的义务，尽自己的力量□ every bit as   see 见 EVERY □ not a bit (or Brit. [英] not a bit of it)   not at all 一点儿也不□ to bits   1  into pieces 成碎片 2 colloq.  very much; to a great degree [口]非常，极其  love them to bits  非常爱他们 thrilled to bits  毛骨悚然 [Old English bita from Germanic, related to BITE]

bit2 past  of BITE  

bit3 /bit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a metal mouthpiece on a bridle, used to control a horse (马的)嚼子 2  a (usu. metal) tool or piece for boring or drilling (通常金属)锥，凿子，钻头 3  the cutting or gripping part of a plane, pincers, etc. (刨、钳子等的)刀口，咬口 4  the part of a key that engages with the lock-lever 钥匙齿 5  the copper head of a soldering iron (烙铁的)铜头，焊铜 ●v. tr.  1  put a bit into the mouth of (a horse) 给(马)上嚼子 2  restrain 约束，抑制 □ take the bit between one's teeth   1  take decisive personal action 采取果断的行动 2  escape from control 挣脱束缚，桀骜不驯 [Old English bite from Germanic, related to BITE]

bit4 /bit/ n. Computing  a unit of information expressed as a choice between two possibilities; a 0 or 1 in binary notation 【计算】比特；二进制位 0 或 1 ；二进位符号 [BINARY + DIGIT]

bitch /bitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a female dog or other canine animal 母狗、母狼(母狐等) 2 slang offens.  a malicious or spiteful woman [俚语] [冒犯]坏女人，恶妇 3 slang  a very unpleasant or difficult thing or situation [俚语]使人不愉快的事(或局面) ●v. colloq. [口]  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  speak scathingly 严厉尖刻地说b  complain 抱怨 2 tr.  be spiteful or unfair to 对…怀恨，对…不公 [Old English bicce]

bitchy /ˈbitʃi/ adj. (bitchier, bitchiest) slang  spiteful; bad-tempered [俚语]恶意的，脾气坏的 □ bitchily  adv.  □ bitchiness  n.  

bite /bait/ v. & n. ●v. (past bit /bit/; past part. bitten /ˈbit(ə)n/)  1 tr.  cut or puncture using the teeth 咬；咬住 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away, etc.)  detach with the teeth 咬下，咬掉 3 tr. (of an insect, snake, etc.) wound with a sting, fangs, etc. (昆虫、蛇等)咬，叮等 4 intr. (of a wheel, screw, etc.) grip, penetrate (轮子、螺丝等)拧紧，咬紧 5 intr.  accept bait or an inducement 吞饵，上钩 6 intr.  have a (desired) adverse effect 产生(想像中的)不良效果 7 tr. (in passive 用被动)  a  take in; swindle 欺骗；诈骗b (foll. by 后跟 by, with, etc.)  be infected by (enthusiasm etc.) 被(热情等)感染，迷住 8 tr. (as 作 bitten adj.)  cause a glowing or smarting pain to 使感觉剧痛(或刺痛) (的)  frostbitten  冻伤的 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  snap at 咬，抓，叮 10 tr. colloq.  worry, perturb [口]烦扰，使不安  what's biting you?  什么事使你烦恼？ ●n.  1  an act of biting 咬，叮 2  a wound or sore made by biting 咬伤，咬痛 3  a  a mouthful of food 一口(食物)b  a snack or light meal 少量食物 4  the taking of bait by a fish (鱼的)吞饵，上钩 5  pungency (esp. of flavour) 辛辣(尤指味道) 6  incisiveness, sharpness 尖锐，锋利 7  = OCCLUSION 3  □ bite back   restrain (one's speech etc.) by or as if by biting the lips 忍住(话语等)，把(话)咽下去□ bite (or Brit. [英] bite on) the bullet  slang  behave bravely or stoically [俚语]勇敢，咬紧牙关□ bite the dust  slang [俚语]  1  die 死，阵亡 2  fail; break down 失败，破坏□ bite the hand that feeds one   hurt or offend a benefactor 伤害(或冒犯)行善者□ bite a person's head off  colloq.  respond fiercely or angrily [口]愤怒地回答□ bite one's lip   see 见 LIP □ bite off more than one can chew   take on a commitment one cannot fulfil 承担力所不及的事□ once bitten twice shy   an unpleasant experience induces caution 一次被咬，下次胆小□ put the bite on  US slang  borrow or extort money from [美] [俚语]借钱；勒索钱财□ biter  n.   [Old English bītan, from Germanic]

bite-sized adj. (also 亦作 bite-size)  1  small enough to be eaten in one mouthful 一口的 2  very small or short 极小的，极短的

biting /ˈbaitiŋ/ adj.  1  stinging; intensely cold 尖利刺人的，刺痛的；极冷的  a biting wind  刺骨寒风 2  sharp; effective 辛辣的；有力的；尖锐的  biting wit  才智敏捷 biting sarcasm  辛辣的讥讽 □ bitingly  adv.  

bitmap /ˈbitmæp/ n. & v. Computing 【计算】  ●n.  a representation in which each item is shown by one or more bits of information, esp. a display of the contents of a memory store 位图，位映像(显示内存量) ●v. tr. (-mapped, -mapping)  provide with or represent by a bitmap 提供位图，用位图表示

bit part n.  a minor part in a play or a film (戏剧或电影中的)小角色

bitten past part.  of BITE.  

bitter /ˈbitə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having a sharp pungent taste; not sweet 苦的，有苦味的 2  a  caused by or showing mental pain or resentment 引起(表现)心头痛苦(或怨恨)的  bitter memories  痛苦的记忆 bitter rejoinder  尖锐的反驳b  painful or difficult to accept 令人痛苦的，难以接受的  bitter disappointment  令人接受不了的失望 3  a  harsh; virulent 强烈的，刻骨的，恶毒的  bitter animosity  刻骨仇恨b  piercingly cold 严寒的，极冷的，刺骨的 ●n.  1 Brit.  beer strongly flavoured with hops and having a bitter taste [英]苦啤酒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  liquor with a bitter flavour (esp. of wormwood) used as an additive in cocktails (尤指用苦艾调制鸡尾酒的)苦味药酒 □ to the bitter end   to the very end in spite of difficulties 奋斗到底，坚持到最后□ bitterly  adv.  □ bitterness  n.   [Old English biter, probably from Germanic: to the bitter end may be associated with a nautical word bitter = ‘last part of a cable’: see BITTS]

bitter aloes  see 见 ALOE 2 

bitter-apple n.  = COLOCYNTH 

bitterling /ˈbitəliŋ/ n.  a small brightly coloured freshwater fish, Rhodeus amarus, from central Europe 鳑鲏 [German Bitterling, from BITTER adj. + -LING1]

bittern1 /ˈbitən/ n.  any of a group of wading birds of the heron family, esp. of the genus Botaurus with a distinctive booming call (尤指麻鳽属)麻鳽 [Middle English from Old French butor, ultimately from Latin butio ‘bittern’ + taurus ‘bull’ (from its call); -n perhaps from association with HERON]

bittern2 /ˈbitən/ n. Chem.  the liquid remaining after the crystallization of common salt from sea water 【化】盐卤 [probably from BITTER adj.]

bitter orange n.  = SEVILLE ORANGE 

bitter pill n.  something unpleasant that has to be accepted 难以接受的事，苦果

bitter-sweet adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sweet with a bitter aftertaste 又苦又甜的 2  arousing pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow 又苦又乐的 ●n.  1  a  sweetness with a bitter aftertaste 又苦又甜的东西b  pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow 又苦又乐的事情 2  = woody nightshade (see 见 NIGHTSHADE) 

bitts /bits/ n. pl. Naut.  a pair of posts on the deck of a ship, for fastening cables etc. 【海】(船上系住缆索的)系缆柱 [Middle English, probably from Low German]

bitty /ˈbiti/ adj. (bittier, bittiest)  1 esp. Brit.  made up of unrelated bits; scrappy [尤英] (由碎料)杂凑的，拼凑而成的 2 (esp. in phrs. 尤用于短语 little bitty, itty-bitty) N. Amer. colloq.  tiny [北美口]微小的 □ bittily  adv.  □ bittiness  n.  

bitumen /ˈbitjʊmən/ n.  1  any of various tarlike mixtures of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum naturally or by distillation and used for road surfacing and roofing 沥青，柏油 2 Austral. colloq.  a tarred road [澳口]沥青路，柏油路 [Latin bitumen -minis]

bituminize /biˈtju:minaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert into, impregnate with, or cover with bitumen 使成沥青；灌注沥青；用沥青覆盖 □ bituminization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

bituminous /biˈtju:minəs/ adj.  of, relating to, or containing bitumen 沥青的；与沥青有关的；含沥青的

bituminous coal n.  a form of coal burning with a smoky flame 烟煤

bivalent adj. & n. ●adj.  1 /baiˈveil(ə)nt/ Chem. 【化】  = DIVALENT  2 /ˈbiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ Biol. (of homologous chromosomes) associated in pairs 【生】(同源染色体)二价染色体的 ●n. /ˈbiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ Biol.  any pair of homologous chromosomes 【生】二价染色体 □ bivalency  n.   [BI- + Latin valent- pres. part. stem of valere: see VALENCY]

bivalve /ˈbaivælv/ n. & adj. ●n.  any of a group of aquatic molluscs of the class Bivalvia, with laterally compressed bodies enclosed within two hinged shells, e.g. oysters, mussels, etc. (双壳纲)双壳类动物(如牡蛎、贻贝等) ●adj.  1  with a hinged double shell 有双壳的 2 Biol.  having two valves, e.g. of a pea pod 【生】有两瓣壳的(如豌豆荚)

bivouac /ˈbivʊæk, ˈbivwæk/ n. & v. ●n.  a temporary open encampment without tents, esp. of soldiers (尤指士兵)露营 ●v. intr. (bivouacked, bivouacking)  camp in a bivouac, esp. overnight 露营(尤指夜宿) [earlier, ‘a night watch by a whole army’: French, probably from Swiss German Beiwacht ‘additional guard at night’]

biweekly /baiˈwi:kli/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  every two weeks 两周一次地 2  twice a week 一周两次地 ●adj.  produced or occurring biweekly 两周一次的，一周两次的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a biweekly periodical 双周刊，半周刊■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BIMONTHLY. 见 BIMONTHLY 的用法说明。 

biyearly /baiˈjiəli, -ˈjɜ:-/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  every two years 两年一次地 2  twice a year 一年两次地 ●adj.  produced or occurring biyearly 两年一次的，一年两次的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BIMONTHLY. 见 BIMONTHLY 的用法说明。 

biz /biz/ n. colloq.  business [口]生意 [abbreviation]

bizarre /biˈzɑ:/ adj.  strange in appearance or effect; eccentric; grotesque 稀奇古怪的；异乎寻常的；奇形怪状的 □ bizarrely  adv.  □ bizarreness  n.   [French, = handsome, brave, via Spanish & Portuguese bizarro from Basque bizarra ‘beard’]

bizarrerie /biˈzɑ:rəri/ n.  a bizarre quality; bizarreness (性质)稀奇古怪；奇形怪状物 [French]

Bk symb. Chem.  the element berkelium [符]【化】(化学元素)锫

bk. abbr. [缩略]  book 

BL abbr. [缩略]  1 Sc. & Ir.  Bachelor of Law [苏格兰和爱尔兰]法学士 2  British Library 不列颠图书馆，英国图书馆 3 hist.  British Leyland [史义]利兰游记 4  bill of lading 

bl. abbr. [缩略]  1  barrel  2  black 

blab /blæb/ v. & n. ●v. (blabbed, blabbing)  1 intr.  a  talk foolishly or indiscreetly 瞎说，乱谈b  reveal secrets 泄密 2 tr.  reveal (a secret etc.) by indiscreet talk (乱谈而)泄漏(秘密等) ●n.  a person who blabs 瞎说的人，泄密的人 [Middle English, probably from Germanic]

blabber /ˈblæbə/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 blabbermouth /ˈblæbəmaʊθ/)  a person who blabs 瞎说的人 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  talk foolishly or inconsequentially, esp. at length (尤指没完没了地)瞎说，喋喋不休地说

black /blæk/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  very dark, having no colour from the absorption of all or nearly all incident light (like coal or soot) 黑的，漆黑的(如同煤或煤烟) 2  completely dark from the absence of a source of light 黑暗的  black night  漆黑的夜晚 3 (also 亦作 Black)  a  of the human group having dark-coloured skin, esp. of African or Australian Aboriginal descent 黑皮肤的(尤指非洲或澳大利亚土著人)b  of or relating to black people (有关)黑人的  black rights  黑人的权利 4 (of the sky, a cloud, etc.) dusky; heavily overcast (天空、云等)暗黑的；乌黑的 5  angry, threatening 生气的，威胁性的  a black look  愤怒的目光 6  implying disgrace or condemnation 不光彩的，谴责的  in his black books  在他那不光彩的书中 7  wicked, sinister, deadly 邪恶的，险恶的，有害的  black-hearted  黑心的，邪恶的 8  gloomy, depressed, sullen 阴郁的，忧闷的，忧郁的  a black mood  低落的情绪 9  portending trouble or difficulty 有麻烦的，有困难的  things looked black  事情看来不妙 10 (of hands, clothes, etc.) dirty, soiled (手、衣服等)脏的，被污染的 11 (of humour or its representation) with sinister or macabre, as well as comic, import (幽默或幽默作品)黑色幽默的  black comedy  黑色喜剧 12 (of tea or coffee) without milk (茶或咖啡)不加牛奶的 13 Brit. [英]  a (of industrial labour or its products) boycotted, esp. by a trade union, in an industrial dispute (工业劳动、工业产品)受(尤指工会)抵制的b (of a person) doing work or handling goods that have been boycotted (人)做黑活的，经营黑货的 14  dark in colour as distinguished from a lighter variety 深色的  black bear  黑熊 black pine  黑松 ●n.  1  a black colour or pigment 黑色；黑色颜料 2  black clothes or material 黑衣服；黑料子  dressed in black  穿黑衣 3  a (in a game or sport) a black piece, ball, etc. (比赛、运动中的)黑(棋)子(黑球等)b  the player using such pieces 执黑子的人；持黑球一方的人 4  the credit side of an account 贷方  in the black  有结余 5 (also 亦作 Black)  a member of a dark-skinned race, esp. of African or Australian descent 黑人(尤指非洲或澳大利亚的黑人) ●v. tr.  1  make black 使黑，使脏  blacked his face  弄脏了他的脸 2  polish with blacking 用黑色鞋油(或颜料)涂 3 Brit.  declare (goods etc.) ‘black’ [英] (宣布对货品等)进行抵制 □ black in the face   livid with strangulation, exertion, or passion (由于窒息、用力或发怒)脸色发青□ black out   1  a  effect a blackout on 对…实行灯火管制b  undergo a blackout 断电 2  obscure windows etc. or extinguish all lights for protection esp. against an air attack (尤指为防止空袭)实行灯火管制；(窗户等)被遮得不透光□ blackish  adj.  □ blackly  adv.  □ blackness  n.   [Old English blœc]■Usage 用法说明 When referring to dark-skinned people, black (rather than Negro or Coloured) is now the preferred term. In Britain and the US it is generally used to designate people of African descent while in Australia it is used of Aboriginals. The term African-American is also common in the US for people of African descent. 说到黑人时，现在用的词是 black (不是 Negro, 也不是 Coloured) 。在美国和英国，用 black 时一般指非洲人后裔，在澳大利亚则指当地土著。在美国还常用 African-American 指非洲人后裔。 In Britain, the term black is often found alongside Asian with reference to the two largest ethnic minorities, e.g. The organization is open to blacks, Asians, and anyone who believes they suffer discrimination. In the US, black is often found alongside Hispanic in similar contexts. 在英国经常把 black 同 Asian 一起用，指两个最大的少数民族，如 The organization is open to blacks, Asians, and anyone who believes they suffer discrimination (这个组织向黑人、亚洲人以及那些认为自己遭受歧视的人们开放。)在美国，在同样的语境中，经常把 black 同 Hispanic 一起用。 Although black has been the preferred term for a number of years now, older people still tend to use other previously acceptable terms (e.g. Negro or Coloured). In order to avoid offence, however, these terms should not be used. 虽然大家喜欢用 black 好多年了，但是老人们还是倾向于用他们先前用过的词(如 Negro 和 Coloured) 。但是为了避免冒犯，还是不要使用这些词语。 

black Africa n.  the area of Africa, generally south of the Sahara, where black people predominate (一般指撒哈拉沙漠以南的)非洲黑人区

blackamoor /ˈblækəmʊə, -mɔ:/ n. archaic  a black African; a very dark-skinned person [古义]非洲黑人；皮肤黝黑的人 [BLACK + MOOR]

black and blue adj.  discoloured by bruises 青肿的，淤血的

Black and Tans n. pl.  an armed force recruited to fight Sinn Fein in Ireland in 1921, wearing a mixture of military and constabulary uniforms 爱尔兰王室警吏团

black and white n. & adj. ●n.  writing or printing 白纸黑字，书面  in black and white  白纸黑色的 ●adj.  1  recorded in writing or print 白纸黑字的  down in black and white  用白纸黑字记下 2 (of film etc.) not in colour (电影等)黑白的 3  consisting of extremes only, oversimplified 绝对化的；过于简单化  interpreted the problem in black and white terms  把问题说得太简单

black art n. (prec. by 前接 the)  = BLACK MAGIC 

blackball /ˈblækbɔ:l/ v. tr.  reject (a candidate) in a ballot (originally by voting with a black ball) (源于用黑球投案反对)投票反对(候选人)

black bass  see 见 BASS2 4 

black bean n.  1  a  any of various plants of the genus Phaseolus, with small black seeds 有黑色种子的植物b  the dried seed of this used as a vegetable 黑豆 2  a fermented soya bean, used as flavouring in oriental cookery 豆瓣酱 3  a large Australian leguminous tree with heavy seed pods, Castanospermum australe 澳大利亚皂荚树

black beetle n. Brit.  the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis [英]蟑螂

black belt n.  1  a black belt worn by an expert in judo, karate, etc. (柔道、空手道等最高级别者所系的)黑腰带 2  a person qualified to wear this 黑腰带级选手

blackberry /ˈblækb(ə)ri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thorny climbing shrub, Rubus fruticosus (rose family), bearing white or pink flowers also called 亦称作 BRAMBLE (蔷薇科)黑莓 2  an edible fruit of this plant, consisting of a cluster of soft black drupels 黑莓果 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  gather blackberries 采黑莓果

black bile n. hist.  one of the four bodily humours, characterized as cold and dry, and associated with a melancholy temperament (cf. 参见 HUMOUR n. 5) [史义]黑胆汁(性寒耐干，与忧郁有关) [translation of Greek melagkholia: cf. MELANCHOLY, ATRABILIOUS]

blackbird /ˈblækbɜ:d/ n.  1  a common thrush, Turdus merula, the male of which is black with an orange beak 乌鸫 2 US  any of various birds, esp. grackles, with black plumage [美]拟八哥(尤指鹩哥) 3 hist.  a black or Polynesian captive on a slave ship [史义]贩奴船上的黑人(或波利尼西亚人)

blackboard /ˈblækbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a smooth usu. dark surface for writing on with chalk 黑板(通常为一黑色平面)

black body n. Physics  a hypothetical perfect absorber and radiator of energy, with no reflecting power 【物理学】黑体

black bottom n.  a popular dance of the 1920s 黑臀舞流行于 20 世纪 20 年代

black box n.  1  a flight recorder in an aircraft (飞机上的)黑匣子 2  any complex piece of equipment, usu. a unit in an electronic system, with contents which are mysterious to the user 黑箱(通常为一组复杂的电子仪器)

blackboy /ˈblækbɔi/ n.  any tree of the genus Xanthorrhoea, native to Australia, with a thick dark trunk and a head of grasslike leaves Also called 亦称作 grass tree (澳大利亚的)禾木胶树

black bread n.  a coarse dark-coloured type of rye bread (裸麦)黑面包

black bryony n.  a climbing plant, Tamus communis, with dark tubers and poisonous red berries 黑泻根属植物

blackbuck /ˈblækbʌk/ n.  a small Indian gazelle, Antilope cervicapra, the male of which has a black back and white underbelly Also called 亦称作 sasin 印度羚

blackcap /ˈblækkæp/ n.  a small warbler, Sylvia atricapilla, the male of which has a black-topped head 黑顶林莺，黑顶山雀

blackcock /ˈblækkɒk/ n.  the male of the black grouse (cf. 参见 GREYHEN) 雄黑琴鸡

Black Country n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a district of the Midlands with heavy industry 黑区(英国中部重工业区)

blackcurrant /blækˈkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a widely cultivated shrub, Ribes nigrum, bearing flowers in racemes 茶藨子；黑加仑子 2  the small round dark edible berry of this plant 茶藨子果；黑加仑子果

Black Death n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the widespread epidemic of bubonic plague in Europe in the 14th c. 黑死病 (14 世纪在欧洲流行的腺鼠疫)

black disc n. Brit.  a long-playing gramophone record, as distinct from a compact disc [英]唱盘，黑盘

black earth n.  = CHERNOZEM 

black economy n.  unofficial economic activity 黑色经济，地下经济

blacken /ˈblæk(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become black or dark (使)变黑，(使)变暗 2 tr.  speak ill of, defame 毁谤，中伤，丑化  blacken someone's character  毁谤某人的品格

black English n.  the form of English spoken by many black people, esp. as an urban dialect of the US (尤指作为美国城市口语的)黑人英语

black eye n.  bruised skin around the eye resulting from a blow (被打得)青肿眼眶

black-eyed bean n. (also 亦作 black-eye bean, US [美] black-eyed pea)  a variety of bean, Vigna sinensis, with seeds often dried and stored prior to eating (so called from its black hilum) 豇豆

black-eyed Susan n.  any of several flowers, esp. of the genus Rudbeckia, with yellow-coloured petals and a dark centre (尤指金光菊属)多毛金光菊

blackface /ˈblækfeis/ n.  1  a variety of sheep with a black face 黑面羊 2  the make-up used by a non-black performer playing a black role 扮黑人演员时化的妆

blackfellow /ˈblækˌfeləʊ/ n. hist.  an Australian Aborigine [史义]澳大利亚土著人

blackfish /ˈblækfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any of several species of dark-coloured fish 黑鱼(各种黑色鱼类的统称) 2  a salmon at spawning 产卵的鲑鱼

black flag n.  1  a pirate's ensign 海盗旗 2 hist.  a flag hoisted outside a prison to announce an execution [史义] (表示死囚已被处决的)黑旗

blackfly /ˈblækflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any of various thrips or aphids infesting plants, esp. Aphis fabae 蚋 2  a biting fly of the genus Simulium or family Simuliidae (蚋科)黑蝇

Black Forest gateau n. (N. Amer. [北美] Black Forest cake)  a chocolate sponge with layers of morello cherries or cherry jam and whipped cream and topped with chocolate icing, originally from S. Germany (源于德国南部的)黑林山巧克力蛋糕(用樱桃和生奶油调制而成)

Black Friar n.  a Dominican friar 多明我会修道士，黑修士 [from the colour of the order's habit]

black frost n.  a frost without white dew 黑霜，暗霜

black ginger n.  unscraped ginger 带皮的干生姜

black grouse n. (also 亦作 black game)  a European grouse, Tetrao tetrix 黑琴鸡

blackguard /ˈblæɡɑ:d, -ɡəd/ n. & v. ●n.  a villain; a scoundrel; an unscrupulous, unprincipled person 无赖，恶棍，无耻粗鄙之徒 ●v. tr.  abuse scurrilously 辱骂，漫骂 □ blackguardly  adj.   [BLACK + GUARD: originally applied collectively to menials etc.]

blackhead /ˈblækhed/ n.  a dark plug of sebum in a hair follicle 黑头粉刺

black hole n.  1  a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter and radiation can escape 黑洞 2  a place of confinement for punishment, esp. in the armed services (尤指军营中的)禁闭室，黑牢

black ice n.  thin hard transparent ice, esp. on a road surface (尤指路面上的)透明薄冰

blacking /ˈblækiŋ/ n.  any black paste or polish, esp. for shoes (尤指擦鞋的)黑色涂料，黑鞋油

blackjack1 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n.  1  the card game pontoon 21 点牌戏 2 N. Amer.  a flexible leaded bludgeon [北美]弹性灌铅棒 [BLACK + JACK1]

blackjack2 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n. hist.  a pirates' black flag [史义]海盗旗 [BLACK + JACK1]

blackjack3 /ˈblækdʒæk/ n.  a tarred-leather vessel for alcoholic liquor (外涂柏油的)革制大酒杯 [BLACK + JACK2]

blacklead /ˈblækled/ n. & v. ●n.  graphite 石墨，黑铅 ●v. tr.  polish with graphite 用石墨擦铅

blackleg /ˈblækleɡ/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (often 常作 attrib.) derog.  a person who fails or declines to take part in industrial action [贬] (破坏罢工的)工贼 ●v. intr. (-legged, -legging)  act as a blackleg 当工贼

black leopard n.  = PANTHER 1 

black letter n.  an old heavy style of type 黑体字

black light n.  ultraviolet or infra-red radiation, invisible to the eye (紫外线、红外线等)不可见光

blacklist /ˈblæklist/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of persons under suspicion, in disfavour, etc. (受怀疑、受冷遇等的)黑名单 ●v. tr.  put the name of (a person) on a blacklist 把(某人)列入黑名单

black magic n.  magic involving supposed invocation of evil spirits 巫术，妖术

blackmail /ˈblækmeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an extortion of payment in return for not disclosing discreditable information, a secret, etc. (以不泄露丢失的信息、秘密等而)勒索，敲诈b  any payment extorted in this way 勒索来的财物 2  the use of threats or moral pressure 恐吓；胁迫 ●v. tr.  1  extort or try to extort money etc. from (a person) by blackmail 勒索，敲诈(某人) (钱财等) 2  threaten, coerce 恐吓 □ blackmailer  n.   [BLACK + obsolete mail ‘rent’: Old English mɑˉl from Old Norse mɑˊl ‘agreement’]

Black Maria n. colloq.  a police vehicle for transporting prisoners [口] (运犯人的)囚车 [orig. US, apparently named after a black woman, Maria Lee, who kept a boarding house in Boston and helped the police in escorting drunk and disorderly customers to jail]

black mark n.  a mark of discredit 黑点，污点

black market n.  an illicit traffic in officially controlled or scarce commodities 黑市 □ black marketeer  n.  

black mass n.  a travesty of the Roman Catholic Mass in worship of Satan (天主教的)黑弥撒(崇拜撒旦的渎神戏拟弥撒)

Black Monk n.  a Benedictine monk 本笃会修道士，黑修士 [from the colour of the order's habit]

black Muslim n. US  a member of an exclusively black Islamic sect proposing a separate black community [美]黑人穆斯林成员

black nationalism n.  advocacy of the national civil rights of esp. US black people 黑人民族主义

black nightshade  see 见 NIGHTSHADE 

blackout /ˈblækaʊt/ n.  1  a temporary or complete loss of vision, consciousness, or memory 暂时失去视力(知觉、记忆) 2  a loss of power, radio reception, etc. 断电(无线电通讯中断等) 3  a compulsory period of darkness as a precaution against air raids (防空的)灯火管制 4  a temporary suppression of the release of information, esp. from police or government sources (尤指警方或政府方的)新闻封锁 5  a sudden darkening of a theatre stage 舞台转暗

Black Panther n. (in the US) a member of an extremist organization set up to fight for the rights of black people (美国)黑豹党成员(为黑人权利而战)

black pepper n.  the unripe ground or whole berries of Piper nigrum as a condiment 黑胡椒(粉)

black power n.  a movement in support of rights and political power for black people 黑人权力运动

black pudding n. Brit.  a black sausage containing pork, dried pig's blood, suet, etc. [英]黑香肠(含精肉、干猪血、板血等)

Black Rod n. Brit.  the principal usher of the Lord Chamberlain's department, House of Lords, etc. [英]黑杖侍卫(王室、与议院等引人入席的官吏) [from the symbol of office]

black salsify n.  scorzonera 细卷鸦葱

Black Sea n.  黑海

black sheep n. colloq.  an unsatisfactory or disreputable member of a family, group, etc.; a misfit [口] (家庭、团队等的)害群之马，败家子

blackshirt /ˈblækʃɜ:t/ n.  a member of a Fascist organization (法西斯组织)黑衫党党员 [from the colour of the Italian Fascist uniform]

blacksmith /ˈblæksmiθ/ n.  a smith who works in iron 铁匠，锻工

black spot n.  1 Brit.  a place of danger or difficulty, esp. on a road [英] (尤指道路的)危险路段  an accident black spot  事故多发地段 2  any of various diseases of plants, esp. of roses, producing black spots on leaves (尤指蔷薇的)黑斑病

black swan n.  1  an Australian swan, Cygnus atratus, with black plumage 黑天鹅 2 Brit.  something extremely rare [英]稀物，罕见的东西

black tea n.  tea that is fully fermented before drying 红茶

blackthorn /ˈblækθɔ:n/ n.  1  a thorny shrub, Prunus spinosa (rose family), bearing white-petalled flowers before the leaves appear, and blue-black fruits; also called SLOE (蔷薇科)黑刺李 2  a cudgel or walking stick made from its wood 黑刺李棍棒(手杖)

blackthorn winter n. Brit.  a spell of cold weather at the time in early spring when the blackthorn flowers [英]刺李寒

black tie n.  1  a black bow tie worn with a dinner jacket 黑领结 2 colloq.  formal evening dress [口] (男子)正式的晚礼服

blacktop /ˈblæktɒp/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●n.  1  a type of road-surfacing material 沥青(黑色)面层 2  a road surfaced with this 有沥青(黑色)面层的路 ●v. tr.  surface (a road) with blacktop 用沥青(黑色)面层铺(路)

black tracker n. Austral.  an Aborigine employed to help find persons lost or hiding in the bush [澳]受雇帮助寻找失踪(或藏匿)人员的土著人

black velvet n.  a drink of stout and champagne 黑啤与香槟各半的饮料

Black Watch n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the Royal Highland Regiment (so called from its dark tartan uniform) 皇家苏格兰高地警卫团(因身着黑制服而著称)

blackwater fever /ˈblækwɔ:tə/ n.  a severe form of malaria in which blood cells are rapidly destroyed, resulting in dark urine 黑尿热(一种恶性疟疾)

black widow n.  a venomous N. American spider, Latrodectus mactans, the female of which devours its mate 黑寡妇(一种毒蜘蛛)

bladder /ˈblædə/ n.  1  a  any of various membranous sacs in some animals, containing urine (urinary bladder), bile (gall bladder), or air (swim-bladder) 囊(动物体内容纳液体或气体的膜质袋状物，包括膀胱、胆囊或鳔)b  this or part of it or a similar object prepared for various uses 囊状物 2  an inflated pericarp or vesicle in various plants 膨胀的囊果皮；气囊 3  anything inflated and hollow 气泡 [Old English blœˉdre, from Germanic]

bladderwort /ˈblædəwɜ:t/ n.  an aquatic plant of the genus Utricularia, with leaves having small bladders for trapping and digesting insects 狸藻(一种水生植物，具小囊，能捕获和消化昆虫)

bladderwrack /ˈblædəræk/ n.  a common brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus, with fronds containing air bladders which give buoyancy 墨角藻；泡叶藻

blade /bleid/ n.  1  a  the flat part of a knife, chisel, etc., that forms the cutting edge (刀、凿等的)刀身，刀片b  = RAZOR BLADE  2  the flattened functional part of an oar, spade, propeller, bat, skate, etc. 桨叶；铲口；推进器翼(球拍边、冰鞋刀刃等) 3  a  the flat, narrow, usu. pointed leaf of grass and cereals (通常尖的)草片，叶片b  the whole of such plants before the ear is formed 抽穗前的整个幼株  in the blade  尚未结穗c Bot.  the broad thin part of a leaf apart from the petiole 【植】叶片 4 (in full 全称 blade-bone)  a flat bone, e.g. in the shoulder 扁骨(尤指肩胛骨) 5 Archaeol.  a long narrow flake (see 见 FLAKE1 3) 【考古】石刀 6 poet.  a sword [诗]剑 7 colloq. (usu. archaic [通常古义])  a carefree young fellow [口]浪荡少年，花花公子 □ bladed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English blœd, from Germanic]

blaeberry /ˈbleib(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = BILBERRY  [Middle English from blae (Scots and northern English dialect, via Middle English blo from Old Norse blɑˊr, from Germanic: see BLUE1) + BERRY]

blag /blæɡ/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  robbery, esp. with violence; theft (尤指以暴力)抢劫，偷盗 ●v. tr. & intr. (blagged, blagging)  rob (esp. with violence); steal (尤指用暴力)抢劫，偷盗 □ blagger  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

blague /blɑ:ɡ, 法 blaɡ/ n.  humbug, claptrap 欺骗，诡计 [French]

blagueur /blɑ:ˈɡɜ:, 法 blaɡœr/ n.  a pretentious talker 夸夸其谈的人 [French]

blah /blɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 blah-blah) colloq.  pretentious nonsense [口]废话 [imitative]

blain /blein/ n.  an inflamed swelling or sore on the skin 疱，水疱 [Old English blegen, from West Germanic]

blakey /ˈbleiki/ n. (also 亦作 Blakey) (pl. -eys) Brit.  a metal cap on the heel or toe of a shoe or boot [英]铁鞋后跟(头) [Blakey, name of the manufacturer]

blame /bleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  assign fault or responsibility to 责备，谴责 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  assign the responsibility for (an error or wrong) to a person etc. 把(错误、过失)归咎于(某人等)，推诿  blamed his death on a poor diet  把他的死归咎于饮食不好 ●n.  1  responsibility for a bad result; culpability (过失的)责任，罪责  shared the blame equally  均摊责任 put the blame on the bad weather  归咎于天气不好 2  the act of blaming or attributing responsibility; censure 责备，责怪  she got all the blame  她承担一切责任 □ be to blame  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be responsible; deserve censure 对…应负责，该受责备  she is not to blame for the accident  她不应对这起事故负责□ have only oneself to blame   be solely responsible (for something one suffers) (对遭受的事情)全怪自己□ I don't blame you   etc. I think your etc. action was justifiable 我不怪你(们等)□ blameable  adj. (US also [美]亦作 blamable)   [Middle English via Old French bla(s)mer (v.), blame (n.) and popular Latin blastemare from ecclesiastical Latin blasphemare ‘reproach, revile, blaspheme’, from Greek blasphēmeō ‘blaspheme’]

blameful /ˈbleimfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  deserving blame; guilty 该受责备的，有过错的 □ blamefully  adv.  

blameless /ˈbleimlis/ adj.  innocent; free from blame 无过错的，无可责难的 □ blamelessly  adv.  □ blamelessness  n.  

blameworthy /ˈbleimwɜ:ði/ adj.  deserving blame 该受责备的 □ blameworthiness  n.  

blanch /blɑ:n(t)ʃ/ v.  1 tr.  make white or pale by extracting colour 使变白，漂白 2 intr. & tr.  grow or make pale from shock, fear, etc. (因震惊、恐惧等) (使)脸色苍白 3 tr.  a  peel (almonds etc.) by scalding 用沸水去(杏仁等的)皮b  immerse (vegetables or meat) briefly in boiling water 用沸水速浸(蔬菜或肉) 4 tr.  whiten (a plant) by depriving it of light 使(植物)不见阳光而变白 □ blanch over   give a deceptively good impression of (a fault etc.) by misrepresentation 掩饰，美化(缺点等) [Middle English from Old French blanchir, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

blancmange /bləˈmɒnʒ, -ˈmɑ:nʒ/ n.  a sweet opaque gelatinous dessert made with flavoured cornflour and milk 牛奶冻(一种甜点) [Middle English from Old French blancmanger, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’ + manger ‘eat’, from Latin manducare MANDUCATE]

blanco /ˈblæŋkəʊ/ n. & v. Brit. Mil. [英]【军】  ●n.  1  a white substance for whitening belts etc. 布兰科擦白剂(用来刷白腰带等) 2  a similar coloured substance for colouring equipment etc. (用来刷白军事设备等的)类似擦白物质 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  treat with blanco 用擦白剂擦 [French blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

bland /blænd/ adj.  1  a  mild, not irritating 温和的，不发脾气的b  tasteless, unstimulating, insipid 乏味的，无刺激性的，淡而无味的 2  gentle in manner; suave 温柔的，和蔼的 □ blandly  adv.  □ blandness  n.   [Latin blandus ‘soft, smooth’]

blandish /ˈblændiʃ/ v. tr.  flatter; coax, cajole 奉承，哄骗，勾引 [Middle English via Old French blandir (see -ISH2) from Latin blandiri from blandus ‘soft, smooth’]

blandishment /ˈblændiʃm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  flattery; cajolery 阿谀奉承；勾引

blank /blæŋk/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of paper) not written or printed on (纸张)没写字的，空白的b (of a document) with spaces left for a signature or details (文件)需要签名(或填写)处的 2  a  not filled; empty 空着的；空的  a blank space  空白处，空地b  unrelieved; sheer; plain, undecorated 单调的，纯粹的，平淡的，无装饰的  a blank wall  一面毛坯墙 3  a  having or showing no interest or expression 没有兴趣的，没有表情的  a blank face  没有表情的脸b  void of incident or result 没出事故的，没有结果的c  puzzled, nonplussed 迷惑的，为难的d  having (temporarily) no knowledge or understanding (一时)不知道的，一时懵懂的  my mind went blank  我的大脑一片空白 4 (with neg. import 与否定意思连用)  complete, downright 完全的，断然的，彻底的  a blank refusal  断然拒绝 blank despair  彻底失望 5 euphem.  used in place of an adjective regarded as coarse or abusive [婉]用作辱骂的替代词 ●n.  1  a  a space left to be filled in a document 文件上待填的空白处b  a document having blank spaces to be filled 有空白处的文件 2 (in full 全称 blank cartridge)  a cartridge containing gunpowder but no bullet, used for training etc. (训练等用)空弹 3  an empty space or period of time 空地，空间；没事干的时间 4  a  a coin-disc before stamping 冲压图案前的硬币坯片b  a metal or wooden block before final shaping 坯件，毛坯 5  a  a dash written instead of a word or letter, esp. instead of an obscenity (尤指用于省略淫话的)破折号b euphem.  used in place of a noun regarded as coarse [婉] (替代粗俗语的)省略号 6  a domino with one or both halves blank 一边(或两边)空白的骨牌 7  a lottery ticket that gains no prize 没有中奖的彩票 8  the white centre of the target in archery etc. (射箭运动中)靶心的白点 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, out)  screen, obscure 遮盖，遮掩  clouds blanked out the sun  云遮住了太阳 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  cut (a metal blank) 切割(金属板) 3 N. Amer.  defeat without allowing to score [北美]使对方得零分 □ draw a blank   elicit no response; fail 没有回应，失败□ blankly  adv.  □ blankness  n.   [Middle English from Old French blanc ‘white’, ultimately from Germanic]

blank cheque n.  1  a cheque with the amount left for the payee to fill in 空白支票 2 colloq.  unlimited freedom of action (cf. 参见 CARTE BLANCHE) [口]自由处理权，便宜行事权

blanket /ˈblæŋkit/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a large piece of woollen or other material used esp. as a bed-covering or to wrap up a person or an animal for warmth (尤用作罩床或裹孩子用的)毯子，羊毛毯 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a thick mass or layer that covers something 一层覆盖层；似毯子的东西  blanket of fog  一层雾 blanket of silence  一片寂静 3 Printing  a rubber surface transferring an impression from a plate to paper etc. in offset printing 【印刷】(胶印机滚筒上将图形从板上转移到纸等上的)橡皮布 ●attrib. adj.  covering all cases or classes; inclusive 总括的，通用的，一揽子的  blanket condemnation  全面谴责 blanket agreement  一揽子协议 ●v. tr. (blanketed, blanketing)  1  cover with or as if with a blanket (用毯子或似用毯子)盖，覆盖  snow blanketed the land  白雪覆盖了大地 2  stifle; keep quiet 平息，抑制，使安静  blanketed all discussion  平息争论 3 Naut.  take wind from the sails of (another craft) by passing to windward 【海】抢(另一条船的)上风 □ born on the wrong side of the blanket   illegitimate 私生的 [Middle English, in the sense ‘undyed woollen cloth’, from Old French blancquet, blanchet, from blanc ‘white, BLANK’]

blanket bath n. Brit.  a body wash given to a bedridden patient [英]给卧床不起的病人洗澡

blanket bog n.  an extensive flat peat bog formed in cool regions of high rainfall or humidity 大片平地沼泽

blanket stitch n.  a stitch used to neaten the edges of a blanket or other material 毯子(或其他织物)锁边针迹

blankety /ˈblæŋkəti/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 blanky /ˈblæŋki/) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BLANKadj. 5 

blank verse n.  unrhymed verse, esp. iambic pentameters 无韵诗(尤指抑扬格五音步诗)

blanky var.  of BLANKETY  BLANKETY 的变体

blanquette /blɒ˜ˈket/ n.  a dish consisting of white meat, e.g. veal, in a white sauce 白汁肉块(如拌白色调料的小牛肉) [French (as BLANKET)]

blare /blɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  sound or utter loudly 发出响亮声音；高声说话 2 intr.  make the sound of a trumpet (喇叭)发出嘟嘟声 ●n.  a loud sound resembling that of a trumpet 喇叭似的嘟嘟声 [Middle English from Middle Dutch blaren, bleren, imitative]

blarney /ˈblɑ:ni/ n. & v. ●n.  1  cajoling talk; flattery 奉承话，花言巧语 2  nonsense 废话 ●v. (-eys, -eyed)  1 tr.  flatter (a person) with blarney 奉承，哄骗(某人) 2 intr.  talk flatteringly 奉承 [Blarney, an Irish castle near Cork with a stone said to confer a cajoling tongue on whoever kisses it]

blaspheme /blæsˈfi:m/ v.  1 intr.  use religious names, or treat a religious or sacred subject, irreverently 亵渎，不敬 2 tr.  talk irreverently about; use blasphemy against 辱骂；咒骂 □ blasphemer  n.   [Middle English via Old French blasfemer and ecclesiastical Latin blasphemare ‘reproach, revile, blaspheme’, from Greek blasphēmeō: cf. BLAME]

blasphemy /ˈblæsfəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  irreverent talk or treatment of a religious or sacred thing 亵渎，不敬 2  an instance of this 亵渎神明的言行 □ blasphemous  adj.  □ blasphemously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French blasfemie and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek blasphēmia ‘slander, blasphemy’]

blast /blɑ:st/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a strong gust of air 一阵(疾风)，一股(强劲的气流) 2  a  a destructive wave of highly compressed air spreading outwards from an explosion 爆炸气浪，冲击浪b  such an explosion 爆炸，爆破 3  the single loud note of a wind instrument, car horn, whistle, etc. (管乐器等的)吹奏声，(汽车喇叭、汽笛等的)吼鸣(声) 4 colloq.  a severe reprimand [口]严厉的申斥，谴责 5  a strong current of air used in smelting etc. (用于冶炼等中的)鼓风，送风；喷气流 ●v.  1 tr.  blow up (rocks etc.) with explosives (用炸药)炸，炸掉(石头等) 2 tr.  a  wither, shrivel, or blight (a plant, animal, limb, etc.) 使(动、植物、肢体等)枯萎；皱缩；摧毁  blasted oak  枯萎的橡树b  destroy, ruin 破坏，毁坏  blasted her hopes  使她的希望破灭c  strike with divine anger; curse 诅咒，咒骂 3 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a loud or explosive noise 吼鸣，(使)发出响而粗糙的声音  blasted away on his trumpet  拼命吹他的小号 4 tr. colloq.  reprimand severely [口]严厉批评，谴责，痛斥 5 colloq. [口]  a tr.  shoot; shoot at 射中；向…射击b intr.  shoot 开枪，开炮，轰击 ●int. Brit.  expressing annoyance [英] (表示厌烦)该死 □ at full blast  colloq.  working at maximum speed etc. [口]大力地，全速地□ blast from the past   a forcefully nostalgic event or thing 引起强烈怀旧情绪的事件(或东西)□ blast off  (of a rocket etc.) take off from a launching site (火箭等)发射上天，升空 [Old English blœˉst, from Germanic]

-blast /blæst/ comb. form Biol. [构词成分]【生】  1  an embryonic cell (erythroblast 成红细胞) (cf. 参见 -CYTE) 胚细胞，母细胞 2  a germ layer of an embryo (epiblast 外胚层) 表示“胚胎”，“胚层” [Greek blastos ‘sprout’]

blasted /ˈblɑ:stid/ adj. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  damned; annoying 该死的，讨厌的  that blasted dog!  那条该死的狗！ ●adv. Brit. colloq.  damned; extremely [英口]非常；极端  it's blasted cold  天气非常冷

blaster /ˈblɑ:stə/ n.  1  in senses of BLAST v. 用于 blast (动词)的各释义 2 Brit.  a heavy lofted golf club for playing from a bunker [英] (阔面圆底的)高尔夫球棍

blast freezing n.  the freezing of foodstuffs etc. by means of a rapid current of chilled air (食物等)冷气流速冻 □ blast freeze  v. tr.  

blast furnace n.  a smelting furnace into which compressed hot air is driven 高炉，鼓风炉

blast-hole n.  a hole containing an explosive charge for blasting (安放炸药的)爆破孔

blast-off n.  1  the launching of a rocket etc. (火箭等)发射上天，升空 2  the initial thrust for this 发射，发射所需的推动力

blastula /ˈblæstjʊlə/ n. (pl. blastulae /-li:/ or US [美] blastulas) Biol.  an animal embryo at an early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells 【生】囊胚 [modern Latin from Greek blastos ‘sprout’]

blasé /ˈblɑ:zei/ adj.  1  unimpressed or indifferent because of overfamiliarity (司空见惯而)无动于衷的，漠不关心的 2  tired of pleasure; surfeited 厌倦享乐的，厌世的 [French]

blatant /ˈbleit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  flagrant, unashamed 极明显的，露骨的；无耻的  blatant attempt to steal  公然试图盗窃 2  offensively noisy or obtrusive 喧闹至极的；显眼的 □ blatancy  n.  □ blatantly  adv.   [a word used by Spenser (1596), perhaps influenced by Scots blatand = bleating]

blather /ˈblæðə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 blether /ˈbleðə/) ●n.  foolish chatter 蠢话，废话 ●v. intr.  chatter foolishly 胡说 [Middle English blather, Scots blether, from Old Norse blathra ‘talk nonsense’ from blathr ‘nonsense’]

blatherskite /ˈblæðəskait/ n. (also 亦作 bletherskate /ˈbleðəskeit/)  1  a person who blathers 喋喋不休的人，废话连篇的人 2  = BLATHERn.  [BLATHER + skite, corruption of derog. use of SKATE2]

blaxploitation /blæksplɔiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) esp. US colloq.  the exploitation of black people, esp. with regard to stereotyped roles in films [尤美口]对黑人兴趣的利用(尤指用黑人演员拍摄电影以吸引黑人观众的做法)

blaze1 /bleiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bright flame or fire 火焰；烈火；火堆 2  a  a bright glaring light 光辉，闪耀  the sun set in a blaze of orange  太阳发出桔黄色的光芒b  a full light 强烈(或眩目)的光  a blaze of publicity  众所周知的事 3  a violent outburst (of passion etc.) (感情等的)迸发，爆发  a blaze of patriotic fervour  一腔爱国热情 4  a  a glow of colour 灿烂、鲜明的色彩  roses were a blaze of scarlet  玫瑰是鲜艳的猩红色b  a bright display 炫耀，炫示  a blaze of glory  一阵荣耀 ●v. intr.  1  burn with a bright flame 熊熊燃烧，着火 2  be brilliantly lit 灯火辉煌 3  be consumed with anger, excitement, etc. 迸发，激发(愤怒、兴奋等) 4  a  show bright colours 放光彩，闪耀  blazing with jewels  珠宝闪耀b  emit light 发光  stars blazing  星光灿烂 □ blaze away  (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  1  fire continuously with rifles etc. (用枪等)连续射击 2  work enthusiastically 使劲地干□ blaze up   1  burst into flame 燃烧起来 2  burst out in anger 发怒□ like blazes  slang [俚语]  1  with great energy 猛烈地，激烈地 2  very fast 极快地□ what the blazes!  slang  what the hell! [俚语] (究竟是)什么！(到底是)什么事！□ blazingly  adv.   [Old English blœse ‘torch’, from Germanic: ultimately related to BLAZE2]

blaze2 /bleiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a white mark on an animal's face (家畜)脸上的白斑 2  a mark made on a tree by slashing the bark esp. to mark a route (尤指指示道路的)树皮上的刻痕 ●v. tr.  mark (a tree or a path) by chipping bark (在树上或路上)刻痕以标明路线 □ blaze a trail   1  mark out a path or route 在树皮上刻路标 2  be the first to do, invent, or study something; pioneer 领先，开创，作开路先锋 [17th c.: ultimately from Germanic, related to BLAZE1 and probably to BLEMISH]

blaze3 /bleiz/ v. tr.  proclaim as with a trumpet 公开，(大声)宣布 □ blaze abroad   spread (news) about 把(消息)四下传开 [Middle English from Low German or Dutch blɑˉzen ‘blow’, from Germanic blœˉsan]

blazer /ˈbleizə/ n.  1  a coloured, often striped, summer jacket worn by schoolchildren, sportsmen, etc., esp. as part of a uniform (小学生、运动员等穿的、常为带条纹的)颜色鲜艳的上装 2  a man's plain jacket, often dark blue, not forming part of a suit (与裤子不配套，常为深蓝色的)男式便上装 [BLAZE1 + -ER1]

blazon /ˈbleiz(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  proclaim (esp. 尤指 blazon abroad 公之于众) 宣布，宣传 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  describe or paint (arms) 描述，绘制b  inscribe or paint (an object) with arms, names, etc. (用纹章、名字等)雕刻，铭刻(某物) ●n.  1 Heraldry  a correct description of armorial bearings etc. 【纹章学】(纹章图案等的)确切说明 2  a record or description, esp. of virtues etc. (尤指德行等的)记录，描述 □ blazonment  n.   [Middle English from Old French blason ‘shield’, of unknown origin; verb also from BLAZE3]

blazonry /ˈbleiz(ə)nri/ n. Heraldry 【纹章学】  1  a  the art of describing or painting heraldic devices or armorial bearings 描述(或绘制)纹章(图案)的艺术b  such devices or bearings 纹章(图案) 2  brightly coloured display 漂亮的装饰

bleach /bli:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  whiten by exposure to sunlight or by a chemical process 晒白，漂白 ●n.  1  a bleaching substance 漂白剂 2  the process of bleaching 漂白 [Old English blœˉcan, from Germanic]

bleacher /ˈbli:tʃə/ n.  1  a  a person who bleaches (esp. textiles) (尤指织物的)漂白工b  a vessel or chemical used in bleaching 漂白器；漂白剂 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. N. Amer.  a cheap bench seat at a sports ground, usu. in an outdoor uncovered stand [尤北美] (运动场的)廉价座位(通常在室外露天场地)

bleaching powder n.  calcium hypochlorite used esp. to remove colour from materials 漂白粉

bleak1 /bli:k/ adj.  1  bare, exposed; windswept 光秃秃的，无遮蔽的；受到风吹雨打的 2  unpromising; dreary 没有希望的；阴郁的；令人沮丧的  bleak prospects  前途暗淡 □ bleakly  adv.  □ bleakness  n.   [16th c.: related to obsolete adjs. bleach, blake (from Old Norse bleikr) ‘pale’, ultimately from Germanic: cf. BLEACH]

bleak2 /bli:k/ n.  any of various small river fishes, esp. Alburnus alburnus 欧白鱼(体形小的淡水鱼) [Middle English, probably via Old Norse bleikja, Old High German bleicha from Germanic]

blear /bliə/ adj. & v. archaic [古义] ●adj.  1 (of the eyes or the mind) dim, dull, filmy (眼睛)视线模糊的；(头脑)感觉迟钝的，朦胧的 2  indistinct 模糊不清的 ●v. tr.  make dim or obscure; blur 使模糊，使不清楚；使朦胧 [Middle English, of uncertain origin]

bleary /ˈbliəri/ adj. (blearier, bleariest)  1 (of the eyes) dim with sleep (眼睛)睡眼惺忪的 2  indistinct; blurred 轮廓不清的，朦胧的 □ blearily  adv.  □ bleariness  n.  

bleary-eyed adj.  1  having dim sight or wits 视线模糊的；目光短浅的 2  half awake 睡眼惺忪的

bleat /bli:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a sheep, goat, or calf) make a weak, wavering cry (羊、山羊或小牛)咩咩地叫 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  speak or say feebly, foolishly, or plaintively 无力(或愚蠢)地说；哭泣地说 ●n.  1  the sound made by a sheep, goat, etc. (羊、山羊等的)咩咩声 2  a weak, plaintive, or foolish cry 抱怨，诉苦；说废话 □ bleater  n.  □ bleatingly  adv.   [Old English blœˉtan (imitative)]

bleb /bleb/ n.  1 esp. Med.  a small blister on the skin (尤)【医】(皮肤上的)小疱 2  a small bubble in glass or on water (玻璃、水等中的)气泡 [variant of BLOB]

bleed /bli:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bled /bled/)  1 intr.  emit blood 出血，流血 2 tr.  draw blood from surgically 从…取血；给…放血 3 colloq. [口]  a tr.  extort money from 勒索(或榨取)…的钱b intr.  part with money lavishly; suffer extortion 掏血本，出高价；被勒索 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  suffer wounds or violent death 受伤，战死  bled for the Revolution  为革命流血牺牲 5 intr.  a (of a plant) emit sap (植物)流出液汁b (of dye) come out in water (染料)渗开，渗色 6 tr.  a  allow (fluid or gas) to escape from a closed system through a valve etc. (通过阀门等)放掉(液体或气体)b  treat (such a system) in this way (以此法)抽干液体(或气体) 7 Printing 【印刷】  a intr. (of a printed area) be cut into when pages are trimmed (指印刷版面)被切成出血版b tr.  cut into the printed area of when trimming 切裁成出血版c tr.  extend (an illustration) to the cut edge of a page 把(插图)一直印到书页切口沿 ●n.  an act of bleeding (cf. 参见 NOSEBLEED) 流血，出血 □ one's heart bleeds  usu. iron.  one is very sorrowful [通常讽]某人非常悲伤 [Old English blēdan, from Germanic]

bleeder /ˈbli:də/ n.  1 Brit. coarse slang  a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disrespect) [英] [粗俗俚语] (尤作为轻蔑或不敬语)吸血鬼，寄生虫，食客，坏蛋  lucky bleeder  幸运儿 2 colloq.  a haemophiliac [口]血友病者

bleeding /ˈbli:diŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. coarse slang  expressing annoyance or antipathy [英] [粗俗俚语]该诅咒的，该死的  a bleeding nuisance  该死的家伙

bleeding heart n.  1 colloq.  a person considered to be dangerously soft-hearted [口]心肠过软的人 2  any of various plants, esp. Dicentra spectabilis which has heart-shaped crimson flowers hanging from an arched stem 荷包牡丹属植物(尤指日本荷包牡丹)

bleep /bli:p/ n. & v. ●n.  an intermittent high-pitched sound made electronically (电子仪器等发出的)短促的尖音信号，哔哔声，嘟嘟声 ●v.  1  a intr.  make such a sound, esp. as a signal 发出哔哔声，嘟嘟声(尤作为信号)b tr.  cause to make such a sound 使发出短促的尖音 2 tr. Brit.  summon with a bleeper [英]用寻呼机 (BP 机)召唤 [imitative]

bleeper /ˈbli:pə/ n. Brit.  a small portable electronic device which emits bleeps when the wearer is contacted [英]寻呼器， BP 机

blemish /ˈblemiʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a physical or moral defect; a stain; a flaw 污点；缺点；瑕疵  not a blemish on his character  不是他性格上的缺点 ●v. tr.  spoil the beauty or perfection of; stain 有损…的完美，玷污  spots blemished her complexion  粉刺破坏了她肤色的完美 [Middle English from Old French ble(s)mir (-ISH2) ‘make pale’, probably of Germanic origin and related to BLAZE2]

blench /blen(t)ʃ/ v. intr.  flinch; quail 退缩，畏缩 [Middle English from Old English blencan, ultimately from Germanic]

blend /blend/ v. & n. ●v. (poet. [诗] past and past part. blent)  1 tr.  a  mix (esp. sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, etc.) together to produce a desired flavour etc. (尤指把各种茶、酒、烟草等)混和(或掺和)在一起(使产生一种想要的风味等)b  produce by this method 使混和，使混杂  blended whisky  混成威士忌 2 intr.  form a harmonious compound; become one 协调，融为一体 3  a tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  mingle or be mingled 混在一起，混和，混杂，交融  truth blended with lies  真理与谎言掺杂在一起了 blends well with the locals  与当地人融成一体b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  mix thoroughly 使完全混合，使交融 4 intr. (esp. of colours 尤指颜色) : a  pass imperceptibly into each other 掺和b  go well together; harmonize 融合，调和 ●n.  1  a  a mixture, esp. of various sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, fibres, etc. (尤指不同的茶、酒、烟草、纤维等的)混合品b  a combination (of different abstract or personal qualities) (各种抽象或个体特性的)结合(体)，混合(体)，联合(体) 2  a portmanteau word 混合词，缩合词 [Middle English probably from Old Norse blanda ‘mix’]

blende /blend/ n.  any naturally occurring metal sulphide, esp. zinc blende 天然存在的金属硫化物(尤指闪锌矿) [German from blenden ‘deceive’, so called because, while often resembling galena, it yielded no lead]

blender /ˈblendə/ n.  1  a mixing machine used in food preparation for liquidizing, chopping, or puréeing 榨汁机；切片机；搅拌机(用于食物配制) 2  a  a thing that blends 搅和物b  a person who blends 掺和者，搅拌者

Blenheim /ˈblenim/ n.  1  a small spaniel of a red and white breed 布莱尼姆獚犬(一种有红棕色斑点的白色小獚犬) 2  this breed 布莱尼姆獚犬种 [the Duke of Marlborough's seat at Woodstock in S. England, named after his victory at Blenheim in Bavaria (1704)]

Blenheim Orange n.  a golden-coloured apple which ripens late in the season 布莱尼姆苹果(一种金黄色晚熟苹果)

blenny /ˈbleni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of a family of small spiny-finned marine fish, esp. of the genus Blennius, having scaleless skins 鳚鱼(无鳞) [Latin blennius from Greek blennos ‘mucus’, with reference to its mucous coating]

blent /blent/ poet. [诗] past and past part.  of BLEND 

blepharitis /blefəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the eyelids 眼睑炎 [Greek blepharon ‘eyelid’ + -ITIS]

blepharo- /ˈblef(ə)rəʊ/ comb. form  of or relating to the eyelids [构词成分]眼睑的；与眼睑有关的 [Greek blepharon ‘eyelid’]

blesbok /ˈblesbɒk/ n. (also 亦作 blesbuck /-bʌk/)  a subspecies of bontebok, native to southern Africa, having small lyre-shaped horns (一种产于南非、两角似古里拉琴的)大羚羊 [Afrikaans, from bles BLAZE2 (from the white mark on its forehead) + bok ‘goat’]

bless /bles/ v. tr. (past and past part. blessed, poet. [诗] blest /blest/)  1 (of a priest etc.) pronounce words, esp. in a religious rite, to confer or invoke divine favour upon; ask God to look favourably on (尤指牧师、神父等在宗教仪式上祝福)使神圣；为…祈神赐福，为…祈神保佑  bless this house  愿上帝保佑这所房屋 2  a  consecrate (esp. bread and wine) 把(尤指面包和酒)祝作圣物b  sanctify by the sign of the cross (划十字)使圣洁 3  call (God) holy; adore 赞美(上帝)，对(上帝)感恩 4  attribute one's good fortune to (an auspicious time, one's fate, etc.); thank 把好运归于(吉时、运气等)  bless the day I met her  幸亏是那天我遇到了她 bless my stars  我真走运呀 5 (usu. in passive; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make happy or successful 使幸福；使昌盛  blessed with children  有孩子真福气 they were truly blessed  他们真是幸运 6 euphem.  curse; damn [婉]谴责，咒骂，诅咒  bless the boy!  这孩子该死！ □ (God) bless me (or my soul)   an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, indignation, etc. 哎呀，我的天哪(表示惊讶、快乐、愤慨等)□ (God) bless you!   1  an exclamation of endearment, gratitude, etc. (表示爱抚、感激等)愿上帝保佑你(你们)；请多保重 2  an exclamation made to a person who has just sneezed 长命百岁(在别人打喷嚏时说)□ I'm (or well, I'm) blessed (or blest)   an exclamation of surprise etc. 哎呀，我的天哪(表示惊讶)□ not have a penny to bless oneself with   be impoverished 贫无立锥之地，一文不名 [Old English blœˉdsian, blēdsian, blētsian, from blōd ‘blood’ (hence ‘mark with blood, consecrate’): meaning influenced by its use at the conversion of the English to translate Latin benedicare ‘praise’]

blessed /ˈblesid, blest/ adj. (also poet. [亦诗] blest /blest/)  1  a  consecrated 祭神用的，献神的  Blessed Sacrament  圣餐礼b  revered 神圣的，受尊敬的 2 /blest/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) often iron. [常讽]  fortunate (in the possession of) (因拥有…而)幸运的，幸福的  blessed with good health  有幸身体健康 blessed with children  有孩子真福气 3 euphem.  cursed; damned [婉]该诅咒的，该死的  blessed nuisance!  该死的讨厌鬼！ 4  a  in paradise 享受天国之福的b RC Ch.  a title given to a dead person, esp. one formally beatified, as an acknowledgement of his or her holy life 【天主教】(尤指正式行过宣福礼的人)被教会宣布死后已升天的 5  bringing happiness; blissful 给人愉快(或满足)的；使人有福的  blessed ignorance  难得糊涂 □ blessedly  adv.  

blessedness /ˈblesidnis/ n.  1  happiness 幸福 2  the enjoyment of divine favour 天恩 □ single blessedness  joc.  the state of being unmarried (perversion of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream I. i. 78) [诙]独身之福，未婚(莎士比亚《仲夏夜之梦》 I. i. 78 的误用)

blessing /ˈblesiŋ/ n.  1  the act of declaring, seeking, or bestowing (esp. divine) favour 祝福；上帝的赐福，神赐(尤指牧师、神父的神恩)  sought God's blessing  上帝祈神赐福 mother gave them her blessing  母亲给他们祝福 2  grace said before or after a meal (饭前或饭后的)祷告 3  a gift of God, nature, etc.; a thing one is glad of (上帝、大自然等的)恩惠；幸事，喜事  what a blessing he brought it!  他把它带来了，真是件幸事啊 ！ □ blessing in disguise   an apparent misfortune that eventually has good results 祸中得福(相当于汉语中的“塞翁失马，焉知非福”)

blest poet. var.  of BLESSED [诗] BLESSED 的变体

blether Brit. var.  of BLATHER [英] BLATHER 的变体

bletherskate var.  of BLATHERSKITE  BLATHERSKITE 的变体

blew past  of BLOW1 , BLOW3 

blewits /ˈblu:its/ n.  any fungus of the genus Tricholoma, with edible lilac-stemmed mushrooms 青紫色食用伞菌 [probably from BLUE1]

blight /blait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a plant disease caused by mildews, rusts, smuts, fungi, or insects (植物由霉菌、锈菌、黑穗病、真菌或害虫等引起的)枯萎病 2  an insect or parasite causing such a disease 导致枯萎病的害虫(或寄生菌) 3  any obscure force which is harmful or destructive 有害因素；毁灭性因素 4  an unsightly or neglected urban area (都市中)荒凉破旧的区域 ●v. tr.  1  affect with blight 使染上枯萎病，使枯萎 2  harm, destroy 破坏，摧残，折磨 3  spoil 损坏 [17th c.: origin unknown]

blighter /ˈblaitə/ n. Brit. colloq.  a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disparagement) [英口]可耻(或讨厌)的人(尤作为轻蔑、诋毁词语) [BLIGHT + -ER1]

Blighty /ˈblaiti/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] (used originally by soldiers during the First World War 第一次世界大战期间最初由士兵们使用)  1  Britain or England; home 英国本土；老家 2  a wound securing return home 可以被送回英国老家医治的伤 [Anglo-Indian corruption of Urdu bilɑˉyatī, wilɑˉyatī ‘foreign, European’]

blimey /ˈblaimi/ int. (also 亦作 cor blimey /kɔ:/) Brit. coarse slang  an expression of surprise, excitement, alarm, etc. [英] [粗俗俚语]哎呀，天哪(表示惊讶、兴奋、惊慌等！) [corruption of (God) blind me!]

blimp /blimp/ n.  1 (also 亦作 (Colonel) Blimp) Brit.  a proponent of reactionary Establishment opinions [英] (国教观点的)极端保守分子 2  a  a small non-rigid airship 软式飞艇b  a barrage balloon 阻塞气球 3  a soundproof cover for a cine-camera (电影摄影机的)隔音装置 □ blimpish  adj.   [20th. c., of uncertain origin: in sense 1, a pompous, obese, elderly character invented by cartoonist David Low (d. 1963), and used in anti-German or anti-Government drawings before and during the Second World War]

blind /blaind/ adj., v., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  lacking the power of sight 瞎的，盲的，失明的 2  a  without foresight, discernment, intellectual perception, or adequate information 无远见的，缺乏洞察力的，无知的，盲目的  blind effort  盲目努力b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unwilling or unable to appreciate (a factor, circumstance, etc.) (对因素、情况等)不(不能)了解的  blind to argument  无视论据 3  not governed by purpose or reason 无目的的；不合理的，不讲理的  blind forces  难以驾御的力量 4  reckless 鲁莽的，轻率的  blind hitting  狂轰滥炸 5  a  concealed 隐蔽的，难以看见(或识别)的  blind ditch  暗沟b (of a door, window, etc.) walled up (门、窗等)不开孔的，堵死的，堵塞的c  closed at one end 一端不通的 6 Aeron. (of flying) without direct observation, using instruments only 【空】(飞行)单凭仪表操纵的 7 slang  drunk [俚语]醉的 ●v.  1 tr.  deprive of sight, permanently or temporarily 使瞎，使失明，使看不见  blinded by tears  被眼泪遮蔽了视线 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  rob of judgement; deceive 使失去判断力；欺骗  blinded them to the danger  使他们看不清危险 3 intr. Brit. slang  go very fast and dangerously, esp. in a motor vehicle [英] [俚语]盲目(或鲁莽)地驾驶；飞快地驾驶(尤指汽车) ●n.  1  a  a screen for a window, esp. on a roller, or with slats 遮帘，窗帘(尤指卷帘、百叶窗)  roller blind  卷帘 Venetian blind  软百叶帘b Brit.  an awning over a shop window [英]橱窗前的遮阳篷 2  a  something designed or used to hide the truth; a pretext 挡箭牌，借口b Brit.  a legitimate business concealing a criminal enterprise [英]掩护  he's a spy, and his job is just a blind  他是一名间谍，他的工作只是一种掩护 3  any obstruction to sight or light 障眼物；遮光物 4 Brit. slang  a heavy drinking bout [英] [俚语]闹饮，闹酒 5 Cards  a stake put up by a poker player before the cards dealt are seen 【牌戏】未见牌而先下的赌注 6 US [美]  = HIDE1n.  ●adv.  blindly 盲目地  fly blind  瞎飞 □ bake blind   bake (a flan case etc.) without a filling 没有加馅先行烘烤(果酱馅饼等)□ blind as a bat   completely blind 近乎全盲□ blind to   incapable of appreciating 不会估价(鉴别)的□ blind with science  Brit.  overawe with a display of (often spurious) knowledge [英]以炫耀(常以虚假的)专门知识吓倒□ go it blind   act recklessly or without proper consideration 盲目行事，瞎来，乱干□ not a blind bit of (or not a blind)  Brit. slang  not the slightest; not a single [英] [俚语]一点儿(…)也没有  took not a blind bit of notice  一点儿也不注意 not a blind word out of him  从他那儿一个字也得不到□ turn a (or one's) blind eye to   pretend not to notice (对…)熟视无睹，(对…)装作看不见□ blindly  adv.  □ blindness  n.   [Old English, from Germanic]

blind alley n.  1  a cul-de-sac 死胡同 2  a course of action leading nowhere 绝境，绝路，僵局

blind coal n.  coal burning without a flame 无烟煤

blind corner n.  a corner round which a motorist etc. cannot see (开车的人等看不见的)死角

blind date n.  1  a social engagement between a man and a woman who have not previously met (由第三方安排的)男女间的初次会晤 2  either of the couple on a blind date (初次会晤的)男方(或女方)

blind drunk adj. colloq.  extremely drunk [口]酩酊大醉

blinder /ˈblaində/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  an excellent performance in a game, race, etc. [英] (运动、比赛等中)令人眼花缭乱的表现，出色的表演 2 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer.  blinkers [北美] (马的)眼罩

blindfold /ˈblain(d)fəʊld/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. tr.  1  deprive (a person) of sight by covering the eyes, esp. with a tied cloth (尤指用布)挡住(某人)的视线，蒙住(某人)的眼睛 2  deprive of understanding; hoodwink 使不理解，使迟钝；蒙骗 ●n.  1  a bandage or cloth used to blindfold 蒙眼的绷带(或布等) 2  any obstruction to understanding 障眼物；蒙蔽人的事物 ●adj. & adv.  1 (also 亦作 blindfolded)  with eyes bandaged 被蒙住眼睛的(地)，盲目的(地) 2 (also 亦作 blindfolded)  without care or circumspection 不谨慎的(地)，鲁莽的(地)，轻率的(地)  went into it blindfold  盲目从事 3 Chess  without sight of board and men 【棋类】不看棋盘和对手下棋(的)，下盲棋(的) [replacing (by association with FOLD1) Middle English blindfellen, past part. blindfelled, from Old English geblindfellian ‘strike blind’ (as BLIND, FELL1)]

blind gut n.  the caecum 盲肠

blind hookey n.  a gambling guessing game at cards 猜赌

blinding /ˈblaindiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the process of covering a newly made road etc. with grit to fill cracks (新筑的路等)用细沙石填缝 2  such grit (铺路用的)细沙石 ●adj.  1  causing blindness; very bright 使盲的，使人看不见的；眩目的  a blinding light  眩目的光 2  robbing one of judgement; disconcerting; brilliant 使不能理解的；令人不知所措的；使眼花缭乱的  blinding surprise  瞠目结舌 blinding performance  令人眼花缭乱的演出 □ blindingly  adv.  

blind man's buff n. esp. Brit.  a game in which a blindfold player tries to catch others while being pushed about by them [尤英]捉迷藏 [buff ‘a blow’: see BUFFET2]

blind side n.  a direction in which one cannot see the approach of danger etc. (对危险等)未加防备的一面，薄弱环节

blind spot n.  1 Anat.  the point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light 【解】(视网膜上无光感的)盲点 2  an area in which a person lacks understanding or impartiality 无知的科目(或领域) 3  a point of unusually weak radio reception (无线电)静区

blind stamping n. (also 亦作 blind tooling)  embossing a book cover without the use of colour or gold leaf (书籍封面)不用烫金(或彩色)图案压印

blind stitch n. & v. ●n.  sewing visible on one side only (缝纫中只有一面可见的)暗针 ●v. tr. & intr. (blind-stitch)  sew with this stitch 用暗针缝

blind trust n.  a trust independently administering the private business interests of a person in public office to prevent conflict of interest (对受信托人的)全权信托

blindworm /ˈblaindwɜ:m/ n.  = SLOW-WORM 

blink /bliŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  shut and open the eyes quickly and usu. involuntarily (通常不由自主地)眨眼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  look with eyes opening and shutting 睁眼闭眼 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 back)  prevent (tears) by blinking 眨眼忍住(眼泪)；眨眼挤掉(眼泪)b (often foll. by 常后跟 away, from)  clear (dust etc.) from the eyes by blinking 眨眼从眼里清除(灰尘等) 4 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 at) intr.  shirk consideration of; ignore; condone 躲避；视而不看；漠视 5 intr.  a  shine with an unsteady or intermittent light 闪烁b  cast a momentary gleam 闪亮 6 tr.  blink with (eyes) 眨(眼睛) ●n.  1  an act of blinking 眨眼 2  a momentary gleam or glimpse 闪亮，闪烁 3  = ICEBLINK  □ on the blink  slang  out of order, esp. intermittently [俚语] (尤指时有时无)不灵，出故障 [partly variant of blenk = BLENCH, partly from Middle Dutch blinken ‘shine’]

blinker /ˈbliŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  either of a pair of screens attached to a horse's bridle to prevent it from seeing sideways 马眼罩 2  a device that blinks, esp. a vehicle's indicator 闪光交通灯(尤指车辆的闪光信号灯) ●v. tr.  1  obscure with blinkers 蒙上眼罩 2 (as 作 blinkered adj.)  having narrow and prejudiced views 心胸狭窄的，有偏见的

blinking /ˈbliŋkiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  an intensive, esp. expressing disapproval [英] [俚语]该死的，讨厌的，十足的(一种加强语，尤指表示不赞成)  a blinking idiot  一个十足的白痴，一个大傻蛋 a blinking awful time  一段心惊肉跳的时光 [BLINK + -ING2 (euphemism for BLOODY)]

blip /blip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a minor deviation or error 小的偏差(或错误) 2  a quick popping sound, as of dripping water or an electronic device 哗哗声，短促而尖锐的声音 3  a small image of an object on a radar screen (雷达屏幕上显示目的物的)光点 ●v. (blipped, blipping)  1 intr.  make a blip 出现光点，发出哗哗声 2 tr.  strike or press briskly 轻打，轻拍  blip the throttle  轻拍节流阀 [imitative]

bliss /blis/ n.  1  a  perfect joy or happiness 极乐，洪福b  enjoyment; gladness 享乐，喜悦 2  a  being in heaven 在天堂b  a state of blessedness 天赐之福，福气 [Old English blīths, bliss from the Germanic base of BLITHE: sense influenced by BLESS]

blissful /ˈblisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  perfectly happy; joyful 极幸福的，极快乐的 □ blissful ignorance   fortunate unawareness of something unpleasant 幸而不知某不快事□ blissfully  adv.  □ blissfulness  n.  

blister /ˈblistə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, etc. (因磨擦、烧伤等在皮肤上起的)小水泡 2  a similar swelling on any other surface (植物的)疱病；(金属的)泡疤，沙眼；(漆器、玻璃等的)气泡 3 Med.  anything applied to raise a blister 【医】起疱剂，发疱药 4 Brit. slang  an annoying person [英] [俚语]令人讨厌的人 ●v.  1 tr.  raise a blister on 使起水泡(或气泡) 2 intr.  come up in a blister or blisters 起水泡(或气泡) 3 tr.  attack sharply 猛烈抨击；痛打  blistered them with his criticisms (他) 对他们进行了尖锐批评 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French blestre, blo(u)stre ‘swelling, pimple’]

blister copper n.  partly purified copper with a blistered surface formed during smelting 泡铜，粗铜

blister gas n.  a poison gas causing blisters on the skin 使皮肤起疱的毒气

blister pack n.  a bubble pack (包装或展示商品的)透明塑料罩

blithe /blaið/ adj.  1 poet.  gay, joyous [诗]欢乐的，愉快的 2  careless, casual 无忧无虑的，漫不经心的  with blithe indifference  漫不经心地 □ blithely  adv.  □ blitheness  n.  □ blithesome  /-s(ə)m/ adj.   [Old English blīthe, from Germanic]

blithering /ˈblið(ə)riŋ/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  senselessly talkative 胡说八道的，唠唠叨叨的 2 (作 attrib.)  hopeless; contemptible (esp. in 尤用于 blithering idiot 十足的傻瓜) 绝望的；可鄙的 [blither, variant of BLATHER + -ING2]

B.Litt. abbr.  Bachelor of Letters [缩略]文学学士 [Latin Baccalaureus Litterarum]

blitz /blits/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a  an intensive or sudden (esp. aerial) attack 闪电战，闪击战(尤指猛烈的空袭)b  an energetic intensive attack, usu. on a specific task (通常对某一具体任务进行的)突击，闪电式行动  must have a blitz on this room  对这间屋必须进行突击清扫 2 (作 the Blitz)  the German air raids on London in 1940 1940 年纳粹德国对伦敦的空袭 ●v. tr.  attack, damage, or destroy by a blitz (用闪电战)攻击，摧毁，破坏 [abbreviation of BLITZKRIEG]

blitzkrieg /ˈblitskri:ɡ/ n.  an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory 闪电战，闪击战 [German, = lightning war]

blizzard /ˈblizəd/ n.  a severe snowstorm with high winds 猛烈的暴风雪 [US ‘violent blow’ (1829), ‘snowstorm’ (1876), perhaps imitative]

bloat /bləʊt/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  inflate, swell (使)膨胀，(使)肿起，(使)臃肿  wind bloated the sheets  风把被单吹得鼓了起来 bloated with gas  因充气而膨胀 2 tr. (as 作 bloated adj.)  a  swollen, puffed 膨胀(的)，肿胀(的)b  puffed up with pride or excessive wealth 骄傲自大(的)；趾高气扬(的)  bloated plutocrat  趾高气扬的财阀 3 tr.  cure (a herring) by salting and smoking lightly 腌熏(鲱鱼) [obsolete bloat ‘swollen, soft and wet’, perhaps from Old Norse blautr ‘soaked, flabby’]

bloater /ˈbləʊtə/ n.  a herring cured by bloating 腌熏的鲱鱼

blob /blɒb/ n.  1  a small roundish mass; a drop of matter (粘稠的)一团，一滴 2  a drop of liquid 一滴液体 3  a spot of colour 一点，一抹(颜色) 4 Cricket slang  a score of 0 【板球】[俚语]零分 [imitative: cf. BLEB]

bloc /blɒk/ n.  a combination of parties, governments, groups, etc. sharing a common purpose (政党、政府、团体等为某种共同目的而结成的)集团 [French, = block]

block /blɒk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a solid hewn or unhewn piece of hard material, esp. of rock, stone, or wood 大块(坚硬材料) (尤指大块岩石、石头、木材等)  block of ice  一大块冰 2  a flat-topped block used as a base for chopping, beheading, standing something on, hammering on, or for mounting a horse from 砧板，铁砧；垫头木(受刑人被砍头时垫的大木块)；骑马台 3  a esp. Brit.  a large building, esp. when subdivided [尤英] (划分为许多部分的)大厦，大楼  block of flats  公寓大楼b  a compact mass of buildings bounded by (usu. four) streets (通常 4 条街道间的)街区 4  an obstruction; anything preventing progress or normal working 障碍，阻碍；障碍物  a block in the pipe  管子内的堵塞物 5  a chock for stopping the motion of a wheel etc. (使轮子等停止转动的)塞块 6  a pulley or system of pulleys mounted in a case 滑轮，滑轮组 7 (in pl. 用复数)  any of a set of solid cubes etc., used as a child's toy (儿童玩的立方体等)积木 8 Printing  a piece of wood or metal engraved for printing on paper or fabric 【印刷】木制(或金属)印板 9  a head-shaped mould used for shaping hats or wigs (头型)帽楦，帽模 10 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋  knock his block off  给某人吃苦头，痛打某人 11 N. Amer. [北美]  a  the area between streets in a town or suburb (市区或市郊街道之间的)区域，街段b  the length of such an area, esp. as a measure of distance 1 个街段的距离(尤指作为距离单位)  lives three blocks away  住在与此地相隔 3 条街段的地方 12  a stolid, unimaginative, or hard-hearted person 木头人；笨蛋；无同情心的人 13  a large quantity or allocation of things treated as a unit, esp. shares, seats in a theatre, etc. 一组；一批；一片；一叠；一大宗(尤指股票、剧院中的座位等) 14 esp. Brit.  a set of sheets of paper used for writing, or esp. drawing, glued along one edge [尤英] (一边粘在一起尤供画画用的)活页本，拍纸簿 15 Cricket  a spot on which a batsman blocks the ball before the wicket, and rests the bat before playing 【板球】(挡击球前的)放球棒处 16 Athletics 【竞技】  = STARTING BLOCK  17 Amer. Football  a blocking action 【美式橄榄球】阻挡 18 Austral. [澳]  a  a tract of land offered to an individual settler by a government (政府分给定居者的)划区b  a large area of land 大片土地c  an urban or suburban building plot 市区(或郊区)的建筑用地皮 ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  obstruct (a passage etc.) 堵塞，阻塞(通道等)；遮挡  the road was blocked  道路堵塞了 you are blocking my view  你挡住了我的视线b  put obstacles in the way of (progress etc.) 阻碍，妨碍(前进等) 2  restrict the use or conversion of (currency or any other asset) 限制使用(或兑换) (货币或其他财产)，冻结 3  use a block for making (a hat, wig, etc.) (制帽、假发等时)用帽模使其成形 4  emboss or impress a design on (a book cover) (在书的封面上)印上浮雕图案 5 Cricket  stop (a ball) with a bat defensively 【板球】用球棒阻挡(球) 6 Amer. Football  impede the progress of (an opponent) with one's body 【美式橄榄球】(用身体)阻挡(对手) ●attrib. adj.  treating (many similar things) as one unit (许多相似之物)成批的，大量的  block booking  大批量预订 □ block in   1  sketch roughly; plan 画草图；订大纲 2  confine 限制□ block out   1  a  shut out (light, noise, etc.) 遮挡住(光线、噪声等)b  exclude from memory, as being too painful (把痛苦)从记忆里抹掉，忘掉 2  sketch roughly; plan 画出…的草图；订出…的大纲□ block up   1  confine; shut (a person etc.) in 阻碍，限制；把(人等)关在里面 2  infill (a window, doorway, etc.) with bricks etc. (用砖等把窗、门等)堵住，堵死□ on the block  N. Amer.  being auctioned [北美]在拍卖中□ put the blocks on   prevent from proceeding 阻止，阻挡□ blocker  n.   [Middle English via Old French bloc (n.), bloquer (v.) from Middle Dutch blok, of unknown origin]

blockade /blɒˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the surrounding or blocking of a place, esp. a port, by an enemy to prevent entry and exit of supplies etc. (敌方为阻止供应)封锁(尤指港口) 2  anything that prevents access or progress 障碍(物)，阻碍(物) 3 N. Amer.  an obstruction by snow etc. [北美] (由雪等造成的)道路堵塞 ●v. tr.  1  subject to a blockade 封锁 2  obstruct (a passage, a view, etc.) 堵塞(通道)，遮挡(视线等) □ run a blockade   enter or leave a blockaded port by evading the blockading force 偷越封锁线□ blockader  n.   [BLOCK + -ADE1, probably influenced by ambuscade]

blockade-runner n.  1  a vessel which runs or attempts to run into or out of a blockaded port 偷越封锁线的船只 2  the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel 偷越封锁线的船主(船长或船员)

blockage /ˈblɒkidʒ/ n.  1  an obstruction 堵塞(物)，阻塞 2  a blocked state 封锁状态

block and tackle n.  a system of pulleys and ropes, esp. for lifting (尤指提升)滑轮组，滑车组

blockboard /ˈblɒkbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a plywood board with a core of wooden strips [英]芯块胶合板，大芯板

blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  something of great power or size, esp. an epic film or a best-selling book 了不起的事物(尤指重大题材的电影或畅销书) 2  a huge aerial bomb capable of destroying a whole block of buildings 巨型炸弹，重磅炸弹 □ blockbusting  adj.  

block capitals n. pl.  letters printed without serifs, or written with each letter separate and in capitals 印刷体大写字母

block diagram n.  a diagram showing the general arrangement of parts of an apparatus (展示设备部件总体布局的)方块图，框图

blockhead /ˈblɒkhed/ n.  a stupid person 愚蠢的人，傻瓜 □ blockheaded  adj.  

blockhouse /ˈblɒkhaʊs/ n.  1  a reinforced concrete shelter used as an observation point etc. (用作观察哨所的)雕堡 2 hist.  a one-storeyed timber building with loopholes, used as a fort [史义] (旧时用大段木料建造，开有枪眼的一层)木堡 3  a house made of squared logs 木屋

blockish /ˈblɒkiʃ/ adj.  1  resembling a block 木头似的 2  excessively dull; stupid, obtuse 愚蠢的，迟钝的，愚钝的 3  clumsy, rude, roughly hewn 笨重的，粗糙的，未经仔细加工的

block letters n. pl.  = BLOCK CAPITALS 

block mountain n. Geol.  a mountain formed by natural faults 【地质】断块山

blockship /ˈblɒkʃip/ n. Naut.  a ship used to block a channel 【海】阻塞船，封锁用船

block system n.  a system by which no railway train may enter a section that is not clear 闭塞系统

block tin n.  refined tin cast in ingots 锡块，锡锭

block vote n. (also 亦作 bloc vote)  a vote proportional in power to the number of people a delegate represents 集团投票(由代表按所代表人数投的一批票)

bloke /bləʊk/ n. Brit. colloq.  a man, a fellow [英口]人，家伙 [Shelta]

blond /blɒnd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of hair) light-coloured; fair (毛发)浅色的，金色的，亚麻色的 2 (of the complexion, esp. as an indication of race) light-coloured (肤色，尤指表明种族的肤色)浅色的，白皙的 ●n.  a person with fair hair and skin 白肤金发的人 □ blondish  adj.  □ blondness  n.   [Middle English via French from medieval Latin blondus, blundus ‘yellow’, perhaps of Germanic origin]

blonde /blɒnd/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a woman or a woman's hair) blond (女人或女人的头发)浅色的，金色的，白晳的 ●n.  a blond-haired woman 金发女子 [French fem. of blond; see BLOND]

blood /blʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a liquid, usually red and circulating in the arteries and veins of vertebrates, that carries oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body 血，血液 2  a corresponding fluid in invertebrates 生命液(无脊椎低等动物体内相当于血液的液体) 3  bloodshed, esp. killing 流血(尤指杀人) 4  passion, temperament 血气，热情，脾气，气质 5  race, descent, parentage 家族，血统，家世  of the same blood  属同一家族、同一血脉 6  family ties; relations 家族关系，家属，亲属  own flesh and blood  自己的亲骨肉 blood is thicker than water  血浓于水 7 esp. Brit. slang  a leader of fashion [尤英] [俚语]浪子，花花公子 ●v. tr.  1  give (a hound) a first taste of blood 使(猎狗)先尝猎物的血 2  initiate (a person) by experience 使(新手)取得初次经验 □ bad blood   ill feeling 恶感，仇恨□ blood-and-thunder  (作 attrib.) colloq.  sensational, melodramatic [口]刺激性的；耸人听闻的□ one's blood is up   one is in a fighting mood 某人已做好战斗准备□ first blood   1  the first shedding of blood, esp. in boxing (尤指在拳击中的)首先流血 2  the first point gained in a contest etc. (竞赛等中的)首次得分□ in one's blood   inherent in one's character 某人固有的性格(或品质)□ make one's blood boil   infuriate one 使某人怒火中烧□ make one's blood run cold   horrify one 使某人感到恐怖□ new (or fresh) blood   new members admitted to a group, esp. as an invigorating force 团体中的新成员，(尤指有活力的)新人□ of the blood   royal 皇家的，皇族的□ out for a person's blood   set on getting revenge 决心报复某人；决心要某人的命□ taste blood   be stimulated by an early success 因初次获胜而激动，尝到甜头□ young blood   1  a younger member or members of a group 一个团体的年轻成员 2  a rake or fashionable young man 放荡而时髦的年轻人，花花公子 [Old English blōd, from Germanic]

blood bank n.  a place where supplies of blood or plasma for transfusion are stored 血库

bloodbath /ˈblʌdbɑ:θ/ n.  a massacre 血洗，大屠杀

blood-borne adj.  carried by the blood 由血液输送的

blood brother n.  a brother by birth or by the ceremonial mingling of blood 亲兄弟；盟兄弟，把兄弟

blood cell n.  any of the kinds of cell normally circulating in the blood 血细胞，血球

blood count n.  1  the counting of the number of corpuscles in a specific volume of blood 血细胞计数，血球计数 2  the number itself 由血细胞计数得出的数字

blood-curdling adj.  horrifying 令人毛骨悚然的

blood donor n.  a person who gives blood for transfusion 献血者，供血者

blooded /ˈblʌdid/ adj.  1 (of horses etc.) of good pedigree (马等)良种的，纯种的 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having blood or a disposition of a specified kind 表示有…血的，有…血统的  cold-blooded  冷血的 red-blooded  充满活力的，健壮的

blood feud n.  a feud between families involving killing or injury (家族之间的)血仇，血亲复仇

blood fluke n.  a flatworm parasitic in the blood, esp. a schistosome 一种血液寄生虫(尤指血吸虫)

blood group n.  any of the various types of human blood whose antigen characteristics determine compatibility in transfusion 血型

blood-heat n.  the normal body temperature of a healthy human being, about 37°C or 98.4°F 人体(血液)的正常温度(约为摄氏 37 度，华氏 98.4 度)

blood horse n.  a thoroughbred horse 良种马，纯种马

bloodhound /ˈblʌdhaʊnd/ n.  1  a large hound of a breed used in tracking and having a very keen sense of smell 大猎犬，大警犬 2  this breed 大猎犬种、大警犬种

bloodless /ˈblʌdlis/ adj.  1  without blood 无血的 2  unemotional; cold 缺乏感情的，冷酷的 3  pale 苍白的 4  without bloodshed 不流血的，兵不血刃的  a bloodless coup  不流血的政变 5  feeble; lifeless 虚弱的，无生气的 □ bloodlessly  adv.  □ bloodlessness  n.  

bloodletting /ˈblʌdletiŋ/ n.  1  the surgical removal of some of a patient's blood 放血 2 often joc.  bloodshed [常诙]流血；杀戮

bloodline /ˈblʌdlain/ n.  descent, pedigree, esp. as transmitting characteristics in an animal 世系，血统；(尤指遗传的)动物种系

bloodlust /ˈblʌdlʌst/ n.  the desire for shedding blood 杀戮欲

blood money n.  1  money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed 赎罪金(杀人者或其家属付给被杀者近亲为免受报复的补偿金) 2  money paid to a hired murderer 付给受雇杀人者的酬金 3  money paid for information about a murder or murderer 付给有关谋杀(或谋杀者)情报提供者的奖金

blood orange n.  an orange with red or red-streaked pulp 血橙

blood poisoning n.  a diseased state caused by the presence of micro-organisms or their toxins in the blood 血中毒

blood pressure n.  the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls 血压

blood red n. & adj. ●n.  the bright red colour of blood 血红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 血红色的

blood relation n. (also 亦作 blood relative)  a relative by blood, not by marriage 有血缘关系的亲属，血亲

blood royal n.  the royal family 皇室

blood serum  see 见 SERUM 

bloodshed /ˈblʌdʃed/ n.  1  the spilling of blood 流血 2  slaughter 杀戮，屠杀

bloodshot /ˈblʌdʃɒt/ adj. (of an eyeball) inflamed, tinged with blood (眼球)充血的，布满血丝的

blood spavin n.  a soft swelling of a horse's hock due to distension of the main vein (马的)血跗节赘

blood sport n.  a sport involving the wounding or killing of animals, esp. hunting 流血运动(尤指猎杀动物的运动)

bloodstain /ˈblʌdstein/ n.  a discoloration caused by blood 血迹，血斑

bloodstained /ˈblʌdsteind/ adj.  1  stained with blood 沾染着血的，有血污的 2  guilty of bloodshed 犯杀人罪的，杀人流血的

bloodstock /ˈblʌdstɒk/ n.  thoroughbred horses 纯种马

bloodstone /ˈblʌdstəʊn/ n.  a type of green chalcedony spotted or streaked with red, often used as a gemstone (常用作宝石的)血滴石，鸡血石

bloodstream /ˈblʌdstri:m/ n.  the blood in circulation 血流，体内循环的血液

bloodsucker /ˈblʌdsʌkə/ n.  1  an animal or insect that sucks blood, esp. a leech 吸血动物(尤指水蛭) 2  an extortioner 吸血鬼，敲诈勒索者 □ bloodsucking  adj.  

blood sugar n.  the amount of glucose in the blood 血糖

blood test n.  a scientific examination of blood, esp. for diagnosis 验血(尤指用于诊断)

bloodthirsty /ˈblʌdθɜ:sti/ adj. (bloodthirstier, bloodthirstiest)  eager for bloodshed 嗜血的，残忍好杀的 □ bloodthirstily  adv.  □ bloodthirstiness  n.  

blood transfusion n.  the injection of a volume of blood, previously taken from a healthy person, into a patient 输血

blood vessel n.  a vein, artery, or capillary carrying blood 血管

bloodworm /ˈblʌdwɜ:m/ n.  1  a bright red aquatic larva of any of several non-biting midges 血虫(蠓的幼虫，体色鲜红) 2  = TUBIFEX 

blood-wort n.  any of various plants having red roots or leaves, esp. the red-veined dock 红根红叶植物(尤指血红酸模)

bloody /ˈblʌdi/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (bloodier, bloodiest)  1  a  of or like blood 血的；血一样的b  running or smeared with blood 流血的；血污的，染上血的  bloody bandage  血污的绷带 2  a  involving, loving, or resulting from bloodshed 血淋淋的，杀戮多的，伤亡惨重的  bloody battle  血战b  sanguinary; cruel 嗜血成性的，好杀戮的；残忍的  bloody butcher  残忍的屠夫 3 esp. Brit. coarse slang  expressing annoyance or antipathy, or as an intensive [尤英] [粗俗俚语]该死的，该受诅咒的(表示厌烦、厌恶或用以加强语气)  a bloody shame  奇耻大辱 a bloody sight better  好得多 not a bloody chocolate left  一块巧克力也没留下 4  red 血红的 ●adv. esp. Brit. coarse slang  as an intensive [尤英] [粗俗俚语]很，非常(用以加强语气)  a bloody good job  非常好的工作 I'll bloody thump him  我要狠狠揍他 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make bloody; stain with blood 使流血，使染上血污 □ bloodily  adv.  □ bloodiness  n.   [Old English blōdig (as BLOOD, -Y1)]

bloody hand n. Heraldry  the armorial device of a baronet 【纹章学】红血手(准男爵的纹章)

Bloody Mary n.  a drink composed of vodka and tomato juice 红玛丽混合酒(由伏特加酒加番茄汁调制而成的一种混合饮料)

bloody-minded adj. Brit. colloq.  deliberately uncooperative [英口]有意不合作的，故意作对的 □ bloody-mindedly  adv.  □ bloody-mindedness  n.  

bloody murder N. Amer. var.  of BLUE MURDER [北美] BLUE MURDER 的变体

bloom1 /blu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flower, esp. one cultivated for its beauty 花(尤指供观赏的花)b  the state of flowering 开花，开花期  in bloom  开花 2  a state of perfection or loveliness; the prime 青春焕发；青春焕发时期，茂盛时期  in full bloom  花盛开；正在充分发挥中 3  a (of the complexion) a flush; a glow (肤色)红润；容光焕发b  a delicate powdery surface deposit on plums, grapes, leaves, etc., indicating freshness 粉衣，粉霜(新鲜李子、葡萄或树叶等表面所产生的一层粉霜)c  a cloudiness on a shiny surface (光滑表面上的)模糊不清，混浊 4 (in full 全称 algal bloom or water-bloom)  a rapid growth of microscopic algae in water, or a coloured scum formed by this (浮游生物等的)密集孳生 ●v.  1 intr.  bear flowers; be in flower 开花；开花期 2 intr.  a  come into, or remain in, full beauty 开始(或依然)艳丽，容光焕发b  flourish; be in a healthy, vigorous state 茂盛；处于青春焕发时期(或状态) 3 tr. Photog.  coat (a lens) so as to reduce reflection from its surface 【摄】给(透镜)镀膜 □ take the bloom off   make stale 弄得不再美观清新，使陈旧 [Middle English via Old Norse blóm, blómi ‘flower, blossom’, from the Germanic base of BLOSSOM]

bloom2 /blu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a mass of puddled iron hammered or squeezed into a thick bar 初轧方胚，熟铁胚，铁块，钢块 ●v. tr.  make into bloom 把…轧成胚块 [Old English blōma]

bloomer1 /ˈblu:mə/ n. Brit. slang  a blunder [英] [俚语]大错 [= BLOOMING error]

bloomer2 /ˈblu:mə/ n. Brit.  an oblong loaf with a rounded diagonally slashed top [英]长方形面包(顶部呈圆形，有对角线切口) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bloomer3 /ˈblu:mə/ n.  1  a plant that blooms (in a specified way) (以特殊方式开花的)开花植物  early autumn bloomer  初秋开花的植物 2 N. Amer.  a person who develops or matures (in a specified way) [北美] (在一特殊领域)完全成熟的人  she's a late bloomer  她大器晚成

bloomers /ˈblu:məz/ n. pl.  1  women's loose-fitting almost knee-length knickers 长及膝部的女用短灯笼裤 2 colloq.  any women's knickers [口]女用灯笼裤 3 hist.  women's and girls' loose-fitting trousers, gathered at the knee or (originally) the ankle [史义]布卢默女裤(旧时女人穿的一种长及膝部(最初长及脚踝)的灯笼裤) [Mrs A. Bloomer, American social reformer (d. 1894), who advocated a similar garment]

bloomery /ˈblu:məri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a factory that makes puddled iron into blooms 熟铁吹炼炉

blooming /ˈblu:miŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  flourishing; healthy 茂盛的，青春健美的 2 Brit. slang  an intensive [英] [俚语]十足的(用以加强语气)  a blooming miracle  真是奇迹 ●adv. Brit. slang  an intensive [英] [俚语]十足(加强语气)  was blooming difficult  难得要命 [BLOOM1 + -ING2: euphemism for BLOODY]

Bloomsbury /ˈblu:mzb(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 Bloomsbury Group)  a group of writers, artists, and philosophers living in or associated with Bloomsbury in London in the early 20th c. 布卢姆斯伯里文化圈(指 20 世纪早期生活在伦敦布卢姆斯伯里的一批作家、艺术家、哲学家等) ●adj.  1  associated with or similar to the Bloomsbury Group (似)布卢姆斯伯里文化圈的 2  intellectual; highbrow 智力高的，有高度文化修养的

blooper /ˈblu:pə/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  an embarrassing error [尤北美口] (令人难堪的)错误，洋相 [imitative bloop + -ER1]

blossom /ˈblɒs(ə)m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flower or a mass of flowers, esp. of a fruit tree (尤指果树的)花，簇花，群花 2  the stage or time of flowering 开花；开花期  the cherry tree in blossom  花朵盛开的樱桃树 3  a promising stage 茂盛期，兴旺期  the blossom of youth  青春焕发时期 ●v. intr.  1  open into flower 开花 2  reach a promising stage; mature, thrive 成熟，兴旺，繁荣 □ blossomy  adj.   [Old English blōstm(a), from the Germanic base of BLOOM1]

blot /blɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spot or stain of ink etc. (墨水等的)墨污，污渍 2  a moral defect in an otherwise good character; a disgraceful act or quality (道德上的)污点；不光彩的行为(或品质) 3  any disfigurement or blemish 缺陷；瑕疵 4 Biochem.  a procedure in which proteins etc. separated on a gel are transferred directly to an immobilizing medium for identification 【生化】印迹法(在凝胶上分离的蛋白质等直接转移到固定介质上以进行确认的一种方法) ●v. (blotted, blotting)  1  a tr.  spot or stain with ink; smudge 使弄上墨水渍；弄脏，涂污b intr. (of a pen, ink, etc.) make blots (笔、墨水等)弄上墨水渍 2 tr.  a  use blotting paper or other absorbent material to absorb excess ink (用吸墨纸或其他有吸附力的材料)吸干，吸去，去除(过量的墨水)b (of blotting paper etc.) soak up (esp. ink) (吸墨纸等)吸收，吸干(尤指墨水) 3 tr.  disgrace 污损名誉，使蒙耻  blotted his reputation  污损他的名声 4 tr. Biochem.  transfer by means of a blot 【生化】用印迹法转移 □ blot one's copybook  Brit.  damage one's reputation [英]有损某人的名声□ blot on the escutcheon of   see 见 ESCUTCHEON □ blot out   1  a  obliterate (writing) 涂掉，抹掉(字迹)b  obscure (a view, sound, etc.) 把(景物、声音等)弄模糊 2  obliterate (from the memory) as too painful 抹去(记忆中痛苦的东西) 3  destroy 毁灭，杀掉 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Icelandic blettr ‘spot, stain’]

blotch /blɒtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a discoloured or inflamed patch on the skin (皮肤上的)红斑，疹块 2  an irregular patch of ink or colour 大滴(或大片) (墨水或颜色的)污渍 ●v. tr.  cover with blotches 使沾上污渍，弄脏 □ blotchy  adj. (blotchier, blotchiest)   [17th c.: from obsolete plotch and BLOT]

blotter /ˈblɒtə/ n.  1  a sheet or sheets of blotting paper, usu. inserted into a frame (通常插入一个框架里的)吸墨纸 2 N. Amer.  a temporary recording-book, esp. a police charge sheet [北美]临时记录簿，记事簿(尤指警察所用罪犯犯罪记录单)

blotting paper n.  unglazed absorbent paper used for soaking up excess ink 吸墨纸

blotto /ˈblɒtəʊ/ adj. slang  very drunk, esp. unconscious from drinking [俚语]烂醉如泥的，大醉的(尤指已失去知觉) [20th c.: perhaps from BLOT]

blouse /ˈblaʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a woman's loose, usu. lightweight, upper garment, usu. buttoned and collared (通常轻薄，有扣、有领的)女用短上衣，女衬衫b  the upper part of a soldier's or airman's battledress 军装上衣 2  a workman's or peasant's loose linen or cotton garment, usu. belted at the waist (通常腰间系带的)工作衣，罩衫 ●v.  1 tr.  make (a bodice etc.) loose like a blouse 使(胸衣等)松垂 2 intr.  swell or hang loosely like a blouse 松垂 [French, of unknown origin]

blouson /ˈblu:zɒn/ n.  a short blouse-shaped jacket 腰部束松紧带的女衫(或短上衣) [French]

blow1 /bləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. (past blew /blu:/; past part. blown /bləʊn/)  1  a intr. (of the wind or air, or impersonally) move along; act as an air current (风、空气或非人格化的东西)吹，吹动  it was blowing hard  风刮得很紧b intr.  be driven by an air current 被吹动，流动  waste paper blew along the gutter  废纸被风吹得沿沟飘动c tr.  drive with an air current 随风吹动  blew the door open  把门吹开了 2  a tr.  send out (esp. air) by breathing 吹，喷(尤指气)  blew cigarette smoke  吐烟雾 blew a bubble  吹泡泡b intr.  send a directed air current from the mouth 喘气 3 tr. & intr.  sound or be sounded by blowing 吹响，吹奏  the whistle blew  汽笛鸣响 they blew the trumpets  他们吹着喇叭 4 tr.  a  direct an air current at 吹，向…吹气  blew the embers  把余烬吹着b (foll. by 后跟 off, away, etc.)  clear by means of an air current 吹气把…弄干净，吹掉  blew the dust off  把灰尘吹掉 5 tr. (past part. blowed) (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) Brit. slang  curse, damn [英] [俚语]责骂，诅咒  blow it!  混蛋！ I'll be blowed!  我真该死！ let's take a taxi and blow the expense  咱们乘出租吧，管它花多少钱呢 6 tr.  a  clear (the nose) of mucus by blowing 擤(鼻子)b  remove contents from (an egg) by blowing through it 吹气把(鸡蛋)弄出来 7  a intr.  puff, pant 喷气，喘气b tr. (esp. in passive 尤用于被动)  exhaust of breath 呼吸困难 8 slang [俚语]  a tr.  depart suddenly from 突然离开  blew the town yesterday  昨天突然离开这个镇b intr.  depart suddenly 突然离去 9 tr.  shatter or send flying by an explosion 炸开，炸飞  the bomb blew the tiles off the roof  炸弹把屋顶上的瓦片炸飞了 blew them to smithereens  把他们炸得粉碎 10 tr.  make or shape (glass or a bubble) by blowing air in 吹制(玻璃器皿)；吹(泡)泡 11 tr. & intr.  melt or cause to melt from overloading (因过载)烧断，烧坏  the fuse has blown  保险丝烧断了 12 intr. (of a whale) eject air and water through a blowhole (鲸等)喷水 13 tr.  break into (a safe etc.) with explosives 炸开(保险箱等) 14 tr. slang [俚语]  a  squander, spend recklessly 挥霍，糟蹋  blew £ 20 on a meal  一顿饭就花了 20 英镑b  spoil, bungle (an opportunity etc.) 浪费掉，放过(机会等；) 笨手笨脚地做  he's blown his chances of winning  他失掉了获胜的机会c  reveal (a secret etc.) 显露，泄露(秘密等) 15 intr. (of a food-tin etc.) swell and eventually burst from internal gas pressure (罐头食品等)膨胀，隆起；炸开 16 tr.  work the bellows of (an organ) 演奏(风琴) 17 tr. (of flies) deposit eggs in (苍蝇)产卵 ●n.  1  a  an act of blowing (e.g. one's nose, a wind instrument) 擤(鼻子)；吹奏(管乐器)b colloq.  a turn or spell of playing jazz (on any instrument); a musical session [口] (用任何乐器)演奏的一曲爵士乐；一段乐曲 2  a  a gust of wind or air 一阵风b  exposure to fresh air 透透风，呼吸新鲜空气 □ be blowed if one will  slang  be unwilling to [俚语]不愿干…□ blow away  slang [俚语]  1  kill, destroy, defeat 杀死，消灭，击败 2  astound, amaze 使惊呆，吃惊□ blow the gaff  Brit.  reveal a secret inadvertently [英]泄露秘密□ blow hot and cold  colloq.  vacillate [口]冷热无常，出尔反尔，摇摆不定□ blow in   1  break inwards by an explosion 向内炸开 2 colloq.  arrive unexpectedly [口]突然到来□ blow a kiss   kiss one's hand and wave"it to a distant person 送(某人)飞吻□ blow a person's mind  slang  cause a person to have drug-induced hallucinations or a similar experience [俚语]使某人产生吸毒引起的幻觉(或类似的感觉)□ blow off   1  escape or allow (steam etc.) to escape forcibly (使) (蒸气等)喷出，冲出 2 slang  break wind noisily [俚语]大声放屁□ blow on (or upon)   1  expose 揭露，暴露 2  discredit 使名誉扫地□ blow out   1  a  extinguish by blowing 吹灭，吹息b  send outwards by an explosion 向外炸开 2 (of a tyre) burst (车胎)爆裂，放炮 3 (of a fuse etc.) melt (保险丝等)烧断 4 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  a  defeat convincingly 彻底打败b  render useless, break 使残废，折断  he blew out his arm  他断了胳膊□ blow over  (of trouble etc.) fade away without serious consequences (麻烦等)逝去，被淡忘□ blow one's own trumpet   praise oneself 自吹自擂□ blow one's socks off   see 见 SOCK1 □ blow one's top (N. Amer. also [北美亦] stack)  colloq.  explode in rage [口]大发雷霆□ blow up   1  a  shatter or destroy by an explosion 炸飞，炸毁b  explode, erupt 爆炸，暴发 2 Brit. colloq.  rebuke strongly [英口]严责，痛斥 3  inflate (a tyre etc.) (给车胎等)充气 4 colloq. [口]  a  enlarge (a photograph) 放大(照片)b  exaggerate 夸大，对…言过其实 5 colloq.  come to notice; arise [口]引起注意，使出现 6 colloq.  lose one's temper [口]大发脾气□ blow the whistle on   see 见 WHISTLE  [Old English blɑˉwan, from Germanic]

blow2 /bləʊ/ n.  1  a hard stroke with a hand or weapon (用手、武器的)一击，捶打 2  a sudden shock or misfortune 突然的打击；灾祸，不幸 □ at one blow   by a single stroke; in one operation 一击之下，一下子□ come to blows   end up fighting 动手打起来，开始互殴□ strike a blow for (or against)   show support for (or opposition to) 支持(或反对)… [15th c.: origin unknown]

blow3 /bləʊ/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v. intr. (past blew /blu:/; past part. blown /bləʊn/)  burst into or be in flower (花)开，开花 ●n.  blossoming, bloom 开花；花  in full blow  盛开 [Old English blōwan, from Germanic]

blow-ball n.  the globular seed-head of a dandelion etc. (蒲公英等的)絮球

blow-by-blow attrib. adj. (of a description etc.) giving all the details in sequence (描述等)极为详细的，包括每一细节的

blow-dry v. & n. ●v. tr.  arrange (the hair) while drying it with a hand-held dryer (用手握式电吹风器)把(头发)吹干 ●n.  an act of doing this (用手握式电吹风器)吹干头发(或吹出发式) □ blow-dryer  n. (also 亦作 -drier)  

blower /ˈbləʊə/ n.  1  in senses of BLOW1 v. 用于 blow1 的动词各释义 2  a device for creating a current of air 吹风机，鼓风机 3 esp. Brit. colloq.  a telephone [尤英口]电话

blowfish /ˈbləʊfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of several kinds of fish able to inflate their bodies when frightened etc., e.g. a globe-fish (当受惊吓等时)身体可膨胀的鱼(如河豚)

blowfly /ˈbləʊflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a fly of the family Calliphoridae, laying its eggs on meat and carcasses, e.g. a bluebottle 丽蝇科昆虫(如反吐丽蝇)

blowgun /ˈbləʊɡʌn/ n. US [美]  = BLOWPIPE 1 

blowhard /ˈbləʊhɑ:d/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a boastful person 唠唠叨叨的人，吹牛者 ●adj.  boastful; blustering 唠唠叨叨的，说大话的，吹牛的

blowhole /ˈbləʊhəʊl/ n.  1  the nostril of a whale, on the top of its head (鲸的)鼻孔 2  a hole (esp. in ice) for breathing or fishing through (尤指冰上供呼吸或钓鱼的)冰孔 3  a vent for air, smoke, etc., in a tunnel etc. (管道等中供空气、烟等流通的)出气孔，通风孔

blow job n. coarse slang  an act of fellatio [粗俗俚语] (对阴茎的)口交；舔阴

blowlamp /ˈbləʊlæmp/ n. Brit.  a portable device with a very hot flame used for burning off paint, soldering, etc. [英] (烧去漆、焊锡等的)喷灯

blown past part.  of BLOW1 , BLOW3 

blow-out n.  1 colloq.  a burst tyre [口]车胎爆裂 2 colloq.  a melted fuse [口]保险丝烧断 3 colloq. [口]  a  a huge meal 盛宴，美餐b N. Amer.  a large social gathering or party [北美]大型社交聚会(或宴会) 4  an uncontrolled uprush of oil or gas from a well (油井或气井的)井喷 5 N. Amer. slang  a resounding defeat; failure [北美] [俚语]惨败；失败

blowpipe /ˈbləʊpaip/ n.  1  a tube used esp. by primitive peoples for propelling arrows or darts by blowing (尤指原始人用的)吹矢枪(筒) 2  a tube used to intensify the heat of a flame by blowing air or other gas through it at high pressure 吹火管 3  a tube used in glass-blowing (吹制玻璃器皿等的)吹管

blowtorch /ˈbləʊtɔ:tʃ/ n.  = BLOWLAMP 

blow-up n.  1 colloq.  an enlargement (of a photograph etc.) [口] (照片等的)放大，扩大 2  an explosion 爆炸

blowy /ˈbləʊi/ adj. (blowier, blowiest)  windy, windswept 有风的，刮风的，易给风吹来吹去的

blowzy /ˈblaʊzi/ adj. (blowzier, blowziest)  1  coarse-looking; red-faced 容貌粗俗的；脸红的 2  dishevelled, slovenly 不整洁的，乱糟糟的，邋遢的 □ blowzily  adv.  □ blowziness  n.   [obsolete blowze ‘beggar's wench’, of unknown origin]

blub /blʌb/ v. intr. (blubbed, blubbing) Brit. slang  sob [英] [俚语]哭 [abbreviation of BLUBBER1]

blubber1 /ˈblʌbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  whale fat 鲸脂 2  a spell of weeping 啜泣，抽噎 ●v.  1 intr.  sob loudly 放声哭 2 tr.  sob out (words) 哭(诉)，抽泣(说出) □ blubberer  n.  □ blubbery  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps imitative]

blubber2 /ˈblʌbə/ adj. (of the lips) swollen, protruding (嘴唇)肿大的，突出的，肥厚的 [earlier blabber, blobber, imitative]

bluchers /ˈblu:kəz/ n. pl. hist.  strong leather half-boots or high shoes [史义]布吕歇尔靴(一种半筒皮靴) [G. L. von Blücher, Prussian general (d. 1819)]

bludge /blʌdʒ/ v. & n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●v.  1 intr.  shirk responsibility or hard work 逃避责任(或艰苦的工作) 2 tr.  cadge, scrounge 乞讨，骗取 ●n.  an easy job or assignment 容易的工作(或任务) □ bludge on   impose on 欺骗 [back-formation from BLUDGER]

bludgeon /ˈblʌdʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  a club with a heavy end 大头短棒 ●v. tr.  1  beat with a bludgeon 用大头短棒打(或打倒) 2  coerce 恫吓，胁迫 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bludger /ˈblʌdʒə/ n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  a hanger-on, a scrounger 食客，随从；小偷 2  a loafer 二流子，游手好闲的人 [originally British slang, = pimp, from obsolete bludgeoner from BLUDGEON]

blue1 /blu:/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (bluer, bluest)  1  having a colour like that of a clear sky 蓝色的，天蓝色的，蔚蓝的 2  sad, depressed; (of a state of affairs) gloomy, dismal 悲伤的，沮丧的；(形势)悲观的，暗淡的  feel blue  感到悲观 blue times  艰难时期 3  indecent, pornographic 下流的，色情的  a blue film  色情影片 4  with bluish skin through cold, fear, anger, etc. (因寒冷、恐惧、生气等致皮肤)青灰色的，青紫色的 5 Brit.  politically conservative [英] (政治上)保守的 6  having blue as a distinguishing colour 以蓝色为标志的  blue jay  冠蓝鸦 ●n.  1  a blue colour or pigment 蓝色，天蓝色；蓝颜料，蓝染料 2  blue clothes or material 蓝衣服(或衣料)  dressed in blue  穿蓝色服装 3 Brit. [英]  a  a person who has represented a university (esp. Oxford or Cambridge) in a sport (尤指牛津或剑桥大学的)大学校队运动员b  this distinction Cf. 参见 HALF-BLUE “蓝色选手”称号 4 Brit.  a supporter of the Conservative Party [英]保守党的支持者(或党员) 5  any of various small blue-coloured butterflies of the famil Lycaenidae (灰蝶科)浅蓝色小蝴蝶 6  blue powder used to whiten laundry 增白剂 7 Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  a  an argument or row 辩论，争吵b (as a nickname) a red-headed person (用作绰号)长红头发的人 8  a blue ball, piece, etc. in a game or sport 蓝色物(游戏中或运动场上的蓝色球、蓝色环等) 9 (prec. by 前接 the)  the clear sky 晴空 ●v. tr. (blues, blued, bluing or blueing)  1  make blue 使成蓝色 2  treat with laundering blue 给…用上蓝剂 □ blue in the face   in a state of extreme anger or exasperation (因极度生气、愤怒而)脸色发紫□ once in a blue moon   very rarely 难得有一次，极为罕见□ out of the blue   unexpectedly 出乎意外，突然□ blueness  n.   [Middle English from Old French bleu, from Germanic]

blue2 /blu:/ v. tr. (blues, blued, bluing or blueing) Brit. slang  squander (money) [英] [俚语]挥霍(钱财)，乱花(钱) [perhaps variant of BLOW1]

blue baby n.  a baby with a blue complexion from lack of oxygen in the blood due to a congenital defect of the heart or major blood vessels 蓝婴，青紫婴儿(因心脏或血管有先天性缺陷生下来皮肤呈蓝色)

Bluebeard /ˈblu:biəd/ n.  1  a man who murders his wives 蓝胡子(连续杀害妻子的人) 2  a person with a horrible secret 残酷的丈夫 [a character in a fairy tale told originally in French (Barbe-Bleue) by Perrault]

bluebell /ˈblu:bel/ n.  1  a woodland plant of the lily family, Hyacinthoides nonscripta, with clusters of bell-shaped blue flowers on a stem arising from a rhizome also called 亦称作 wild hyacinth, wood hyacinth (百合科植物，花钟状，蓝色) 圆叶风铃草，风铃花，风信子 2 Sc. [苏格兰]  = HAREBELL  3  any of several other plants with blue bell-shaped flowers 开蓝色钟状花的植物

blueberry /ˈblu:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of several plants of the genus Vaccinium with small blue-black edible fruit, sometimes cultivated 南方越橘 2  the fruit of these plants 南方越橘的浆果

blue bice n.  a shade of blue between ultramarine and azure derived from smalt 碱式碳酸铜蓝颜料

bluebird /ˈblu:bɜ:d/ n.  any of various N. American songbirds of the thrush family, esp. of the genus Sialia, with distinctive blue plumage usu. on the back or head (北美产的)蓝鸲(尤指蓝鸲属鸟，通常背部、头部呈蓝色)

blue-black n. & adj. ●n.  a black colour with a tinge of blue 蓝黑色，深蓝色 ●adj.  of this colour 蓝黑色的，深蓝色的

blue blood n.  noble birth 贵族(或王族)出身，名门出身 □ blue-blooded  adj.  

blue book n. Brit.  an official or widely recognised book of rules, economic or commercial information, names of officials, etc., esp. (in the UK) a report issued by Parliament or the Privy Council, bound in blue [英]蓝皮书(尤指英国议会和枢密院发表的封皮为蓝色的官方报告，内有法律法规、经济商贸信息及政府官员名录等)；封皮为蓝色的官方出版物；美国政府官员录

bluebottle /ˈblu:bɒt(ə)l/ n.  1  a large buzzing fly, Calliphora vomitoria, with a metallic-blue body also called 亦称作 BLOWFLY 反吐丽蝇(腹部蓝色) 2 Austral.  a Portuguese man-of-war [澳]葡萄牙军舰 3  a dark blue cornflower 矢车菊 4 Brit. colloq.  a police officer [英口]警察

blue box n.  1 esp. US  an electronic device used to access long-distance telephone lines illegally [尤美]蓝盒子(一种非法盗打长途电话的电子装置) 2 esp. Canad.  a blue plastic box for the collection of recyclable household materials [尤加] (一种用以回收家用废物的)蓝色废品回收塑料盒

blue cheese n.  cheese produced with veins of blue mould, e.g. Stilton and Danish Blue (有蓝色或绿色霉纹的)蓝干酪(如斯提耳顿干酪及丹麦青纹干酪)

blue-chip attrib. adj. (of shares) of reliable investment, though less secure than gilt-edged stock 蓝筹(股)，(股票)值钱而热门的 [from blue chip, a high-value counter in gambling games]

blue-collar attrib. adj. (of a worker or work) manual; industrial (工人)蓝领的；(工作)体力劳动的，蓝领阶级的

blue dahlia n.  something rare or impossible 罕有(不可能有)的东西

blue ensign n.  the ensign of government departments and formerly of the naval reserve etc. 政府部门的旗(原英国海军预备舰队等的旗)

blue-eyed boy n. esp. Brit. colloq. usu. derog.  a favoured person; a favourite [尤英口] [常贬]受宠的人；宠儿

bluefish /ˈblu:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a voracious marine fish, Pomatomus saltatrix, inhabiting tropical and temperate waters and popular as a game fish 蓝鱼，跳鱼(热带和温带海域的一种海水鱼)

blue funk n. slang [俚语]  1 esp. Brit.  a state of great terror or panic [尤英]极大的恐惧，极端的神经紧张 2 esp. N. Amer.  a state of mild depression [尤北美]沮丧，孤独，无聊

bluegrass /ˈblu:ɡrɑ:s/ n.  1  any of several bluish-green grasses, esp. of Kentucky (尤指肯塔基州的青牧草)早熟禾；六月禾 2  a kind of instrumental country and western music characterized by virtuosic playing of banjos, guitars, etc. 蓝草音乐(一种西部乡村音乐，常用班卓琴、吉他等弦乐器演奏)

blue-green alga n.  = CYANOBACTERIUM 

blue ground n.  = KIMBERLITE 

bluegum /ˈblu:ɡʌm/ n.  any tree of the genus Eucalyptus, esp. E. regnans with blue-green aromatic leaves 桉树属植物(尤指蓝桉)

blueish var.  of BLUISH  BLUISH 的变体

bluejacket /ˈblu:dʒækit/ n. slang  a seaman in the Navy [俚语]水兵

Blue John n.  a purple and white banded variety of fluorite found in Derbyshire, England (英国德比郡出产的)莹石

blue line n. Ice Hockey  either of the two lines midway between the centre of the rink and each goal 【冰球】(划分冰球场成 3 个均等区域的)蓝线

Bluemantle /ˈblu:mænt(ə)l/ n.  one of four pursuivants of the English College of Arms 英国纹章院的四个属官之一

blue metal n. Brit.  broken blue stone used for road-making [英] (铺路用的)碎蓝灰沙岩，碎玄武岩

blue mould n.  a bluish fungus growing on food and other organic matter (在食物和其他有机物上生长的)青霉

blue murder n. (N. Amer. [北美] bloody murder)  a great commotion; a loud or alarming noise (esp. as an intensive 尤用作加强语 : yelled blue murder 大声惨叫) 大动乱；大声的(或使人惊恐的)惨叫

blue-pencil v. tr. (-pencilled, -pencilling; US [美] -penciled, -penciling)  censor or make cuts in (a manuscript, film, etc.) 划去，校订，删改(电影剧本、影片等)

Blue Peter n.  a blue flag with a white square raised on board a ship leaving port (蓝底、正中有白方格的)开船旗(表示离港的信号旗)

blueprint /ˈblu:print/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a photographic print of the final stage of engineering or other plans in white on a blue background (晒)蓝图 2  a detailed plan, esp. in the early stages of a project or idea (尤指早期的详细)行动计划，方案 ●v. tr. US  work out (a programme, plan, etc.) [美]制订(方案、计划等)

blue ribbon n.  1  a high honour 最高荣誉 2 Brit.  the ribbon of the Order of the Garter [英]嘉德勋章的蓝授带

blue rinse n.  a preparation for tinting grey hair (染花白头发用的)蓝色染发剂

blue roan adj. & n. ●adj.  black mixed with white 青沙毛(指黑毛中杂有白色)的 ●n.  a blue roan animal 青沙毛牲畜

blue rock n.  = ROCK-DOVE 

blues /blu:z/ n. pl.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a bout of depression (一阵)沮丧，忧郁  had a fit of the blues  一阵忧郁 2  a (prec. by 前接 the; often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  melancholic music of black American folk origin, often in a twelve-bar sequence 蓝调，布鲁斯(一种伤感而缓慢的美国黑人民间乐曲)b (pl. same 单复同) (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a piece of such music 一首布鲁斯乐曲  the band played a blues  演奏布鲁斯乐曲的乐队 □ bluesy  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

bluestocking /ˈblu:stɒkiŋ/ n. usu. derog.  an intellectual or literary woman [常贬]卖弄学问的女子；女学者，女才子 [originally a frequenter of the ‘blue-stocking’ literary assemblies held in London c. 1750 (from the less formal blue stockings worn by some men): later applied only to women]

bluestone /ˈblu:stəʊn/ n.  1  any of various bluish or grey building stones 蓝砂岩；蓝矾 2  any of the smaller stones in the inner part of Stonehenge, made of dolerite (英国南部索尔兹伯里附近)巨石阵内较小的石料

bluet /ˈblu:it/ n. US  a blue-flowered plant of the genus Hedyotis [美]矢车菊

blue tit n.  a common tit, Parus caeruleus, with a distinct blue crest on a black and white head 青山雀(一种常见的山雀，黑白相间的头上有一个明显的蓝色肉冠)

blue vitriol n.  crystalline copper sulphate 蓝矾，五水(合)硫酸铜

blue water n.  open sea 大海

blue whale n.  a rorqual, Balaenoptera musculus, the largest known living mammal 蓝鲸(世界上最大的哺乳动物)

bluey /ˈblu:i/ n. (pl. -eys) Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  a bundle carried by a bushman (林中居民用的)蓝布包袱，旅行包 2  = BLUE1n. 7b 

bluff1 /blʌf/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a pretence of strength or confidence to gain an advantage 虚张声势以吓唬人 2 tr.  mislead by bluffing 以假象欺骗，愚弄，吓唬 ●n.  an act of bluffing; a show of confidence or assertiveness intended to deceive 虚张声势，假装有信心(有把握)以骗人，吓唬 □ call a person's bluff   challenge a person thought to be bluffing 要某人摊牌，接受某人的挑战□ bluffer  n.   [19th c. (originally in poker) from Dutch bluffen ‘brag’]

bluff2 /blʌf/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a cliff, or a ship's bows) having a vertical or steep broad front (悬崖或船头)前部宽而陡直的 2 (of a person or manner) blunt, frank, hearty (人或举止)直率的，坦率的，粗率的 ●n.  a steep cliff or headland 悬崖，峭壁，陡岸 □ bluffly  adv. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)  □ bluffness  n. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)   [17th-c. nautical word: origin unknown]

bluish /ˈblu:iʃ/ adj. (also 亦作 blueish)  somewhat blue 带蓝色的，有点蓝的

blunder /ˈblʌndə/ n. & v. ●n.  a clumsy or foolish mistake, esp. an important one (由于愚蠢或粗心等造成的)错误(尤指重大错误) ●v.  1 intr.  make a blunder; act clumsily or ineptly 犯大错；慌乱地走，跌跌撞撞(或踉踉跄跄)地走 2 tr.  deal incompetently with; mismanage 笨拙地做，把…搞得一团糟，做错 3 intr.  move about blindly or clumsily; stumble 瞎闯乱撞，磕磕绊绊地走 □ blunderer  n.  □ blunderingly  adv.   [Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Middle Swedish blundra ‘shut the eyes’]

blunderbuss /ˈblʌndəbʌs/ n. hist.  a short large-bored gun firing balls or slugs [史义]老式大口径短枪 [alteration of Dutch donderbus ‘thunder gun’, associated with BLUNDER]

blunge /blʌn(d)ʒ/ v. tr. (in ceramics etc.) mix (clay etc.) with water (制陶器等)把(黏土等)与水搅和 [portmanteau word, from PLUNGE + BLEND]

blunt /blʌnt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a knife, pencil, etc.) lacking a sharp edge or point; having a worn-down point or edge (小刀、铅笔等)钝的，不锋利的 2 (of a person or manner) direct, uncompromising, outspoken (人或举止)直率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ●v. tr.  make blunt or less sharp 使钝，使迟钝，使不锋利 □ bluntly  adv. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)  □ bluntness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘dull, insensitive’ (of perceptions or intellect), perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse blunda ‘shut the eyes’]

blur /blɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. (blurred, blurring)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become unclear or less distinct 使模糊不清，(使)变模糊 2 tr.  smear; partially efface 弄脏，涂污；涂去，抹去 3 tr.  make (one's memory, perception, etc.) dim or less clear 使(某人的记忆、感知等)朦胧，模糊不清 ●n.  something that appears or sounds indistinct or unclear 模糊的东西；朦胧的状况 □ blurry  adj. (blurrier, blurriest)   [16th c.: perhaps related to BLEAR]

blurb /blɜ:b/ n.  a (usu. eulogistic) description of a book, esp. printed on its jacket, as promotion by its publishers (尤指印在书籍护封上的)简介，推荐广告(通常吹捧称颂) [coined by G. Burgess, American humorist d. 1951]

blurt /blɜ:t/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  utter abruptly, thoughtlessly, or tactlessly 脱口说出，不假思索地说出，冲口说出 [probably imitative]

blush /blʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  develop a pink tinge in the face from embarrassment or shame (因窘困、害羞等)脸红b (of the face) redden in this way (脸因窘困、害羞等)变红 2  feel embarrassed or ashamed 发窘，羞愧，惭愧 3  be or become red or pink 呈现(或变成)红色，具鲜艳的颜色 ●n.  1  the act of blushing 脸红；羞愧，惭愧 2  a pink tinge 红色，红光 □ at first blush   on the first glimpse or impression 乍一看，根据初步印象□ spare a person's blushes   refrain from causing embarrassment esp. by praise (尤指因表扬)不叫某人不好意思 [Middle English, from Old English blyscan]

blusher /ˈblʌʃə/ n.  a cosmetic used to give a warmth of colour to the face 能使脸色红润的化妆品

bluster /ˈblʌstə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  behave pompously and boisterously; utter empty threats 夸口，气势汹汹地说话；恐吓，威胁 2 (of the wind etc.) blow fiercely (风等)狂吹，猛刮 ●n.  1  noisily self-assertive talk 气势汹汹的大话，夸口 2  empty threats 恐吓，威胁 □ blusterer  n.  □ blustery  adj.   [16th c.: ultimately imitative]

B-lymphocyte /bi:ˈlimfəsait/ n. Physiol.  a lymphocyte not processed by the thymus gland, and responsible for producing antibodies (cf. 参见 T-LYMPHOCYTE) Also called 亦称作 B-cell 【生理】 B 淋巴细胞 [B for bursa, referring to an organ in birds where it was first identified]

BM abbr. [缩略]  1  British Museum 不列颠博物馆，英国博物馆 2  Bachelor of Medicine 医学士

BMA abbr.  British Medical Association [缩略]英国医学会

B-movie n.  a supporting film in a cinema programme; a low-budget film (电影节目中的)次要影片(二流影片)；低成本影片

B.Mus. abbr.  Bachelor of Music [缩略]音乐学士

BMX n.  1  organized bicycle racing on a dirt track, esp. for youngsters (尤指青年人)自行车越野赛 2  a kind of bicycle used for this 越野赛用的自行车 3 (作 attrib.)  of or related to such racing or the equipment used (有关)自行车越野赛的；(有关)自行车越野赛所使用的装备的  BMX gloves  自行车越野赛手套 [abbreviation of bicycle moto-cross]

Bn. abbr. [缩略]  Battalion 

bn. abbr. [缩略]  billion 

BO abbr. colloq.  body odour [缩略] [口]体臭，狐臭

bo /bəʊ/ int.  = BOO  [imitative]

boa /ˈbəʊə/ n.  1  a constrictor snake of the family Boidae, esp. any of the larger ones from the New World (蟒、亚科)蚺，蟒蛇(尤指美洲巨蟒) 2  any snake which is a constrictor, e.g. an Old World python 任何大蛇(如东半球蟒蛇) 3  a long thin stole made of feathers or fur (皮革或毛皮制的)女用长围巾(或披肩) [Latin]

boa constrictor n.  a large snake, Boa constrictor, native to tropical America and the West Indies, which crushes its prey 王蛇(生长于热带美洲和西印度群岛缠捕猎物的大蟒蛇)

boar /bɔ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 wild boar)  the tusked wild pig, Sus scrofa, from which domestic pigs are descended 野猪(有獠牙) 2  an uncastrated male pig (未阉的)公猪 3  its flesh 公猪肉 4  a male guinea pig etc. 雄豚鼠(雄天竺鼠等) [Old English bɑˉr, from West Germanic]

board /bɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flat thin piece of sawn timber, usu. long and narrow (通常为长而窄的)薄木板b  a piece of material resembling this, made from compressed fibres (用压缩木纤维等制成的)硬薄板c  a thin slab of wood or a similar substance, often with a covering, used for any of various purposes (有特定用途、常带有覆盖物的用木或其他材料制成的)板，牌子，台，盘  chessboard  棋盘 ironing board  熨衣板 noticeboard  布告牌d  thick stiff card used in bookbinding (装帧封面用的)厚硬纸板 2  the provision of regular meals, usu. with accommodation, for payment 包伙，伙食(通常带住宿) 3 archaic  a table spread for a meal [古义]餐桌 4  the directors of a company; any other specially constituted administrative body, e.g. a committee or group of councillors, examiners, etc. 公司的董事会；(特别组成的行政管理机构(如委员会、顾问小组、主考委员会等)) 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the stage of a theatre (cf. 参见 tread the boards 做演员) 舞台 6 Naut.  the side of a ship 【海】船舷，船侧 ●v.  1 tr.  a  go on board (a ship, train, aircraft, etc.) 上(船、火车、飞机等)b  force one's way on board (a ship etc.) in attack (为攻击)靠拢(敌船)；强行登上(敌船) 2  a intr.  receive regular meals, or (esp. of a schoolchild) meals and lodging, for payment (尤指学生)搭伙，包膳宿b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  arrange accommodation away from home for (esp. a child) 使(尤指孩子)安排在外搭伙，寄宿c tr.  provide (a lodger etc.) with regular meals 为(房客等)提供膳食 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  cover with boards; seal or close 用木板覆盖；封闭 □ go by the board   be neglected, omitted, or discarded 被忽视，被遗忘，被丢弃□ on board   on or on to a ship, aircraft, oil rig, etc. 在船(飞机、石油钻塔等)上；上船(飞机、石油钻塔等)□ take on board   consider (a new idea etc.) 考虑(一种新思想等) [Old English bord, from Germanic]

boarder /ˈbɔ:də/ n.  1  a person who boards, esp. a pupil at a boarding school (see 见 BOARD v. 2a) 搭伙者；寄膳宿者(尤指寄宿生) 2  a person who boards a ship, esp. an enemy 登船的人(尤指强登敌船者)

board game n.  a game played on a board 需用棋盘进行的游戏

boarding house n.  an establishment providing board and lodging, esp. Brit. to holidaymakers 提供膳食的寄宿舍；[尤英] (为度假者)提供膳食的寄宿处

boarding kennel n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a boarding establishment for dogs 狗窝

boarding school n.  a school where pupils are resident in term-time 寄宿学校

Board of Green Cloth  see 见 GREEN CLOTH 

board of trade n. N. Amer.  a chamber of commerce [北美]商会，同业公会

boardroom /ˈbɔ:dru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which a board of directors etc. meets regularly (董事会等的)会议室

boardsailing /ˈbɔ:dseiliŋ/ n.  = WINDSURFING  □ boardsailor  n. (also 亦作 boardsailer)  

boardwalk /ˈbɔ:dwɔ:k/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a wooden walkway across sand, marsh, etc. (穿过沙滩、沼泽等的)木板人行道 2  a promenade along a beach 海滨人行道

boart var.  of BORT  BORT 的变体

boast /bəʊst/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  declare one's achievements, possessions, or abilities with indulgent pride and satisfaction (对成就、财产、能力)夸耀，自吹自擂，自夸 2 tr.  own or have as something praiseworthy etc. 以拥有(值得称赞等的事物)而自豪  the hotel boasts magnificent views  这家旅店以观景好而自豪 ●n.  1  an act of boasting 自吹自擂 2  something one is proud of 足以自豪的事物，可以夸耀的原因 □ boaster  n.  □ boastingly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French bost, of unknown origin]

boastful /ˈbəʊstfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  given to boasting 自吹自擂的，自夸的 2  characterized by boasting 喜欢自吹自擂的，喜欢自夸的  boastful talk  自吹自擂 □ boastfully  adv.  □ boastfulness  n.  

boat /bəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small vessel propelled on water by an engine, oars, or sails 船，(用发动机、桨、帆等推动的)小船 2 (in general use) a ship of any size (统称)船只 3  an elongated boat-shaped jug used for holding sauce etc. (装调味汁等的)船形碟 ●v. intr.  travel or go in a boat, esp. for pleasure 乘船出游(尤指乘船游玩) □ in the same boat   sharing the same adverse circumstances 处境相同，面临同样的境遇□ push the boat out  Brit. colloq.  celebrate lavishly [英口]庆祝，想方设法花钱乐一下□ boatful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English bɑˉt, from Germanic]

boat-building n.  the occupation of building boats 造船业，造船术 □ boatbuilder  n.  

boatel var.  of BOTEL  BOTEL 的变体

boater /ˈbəʊtə/ n.  a flat-topped hardened straw hat with a brim (originally worn while boating) 平顶硬草帽(原为划船时所戴)

boat-hook n.  a long pole with a hook and a spike at one end, for moving boats (一端有钩和尖钉的)撑篙

boathouse /ˈbəʊthaʊs/ n.  a shed at the edge of a river, lake, etc., for housing boats (在河、湖等岸边的)停船场所，停船棚屋

boatie /ˈbəʊti/ n. esp. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a person who sails a boat; a boating enthusiast [尤澳新口]驾驶船只的人；热衷于划船的人

boating /ˈbəʊtiŋ/ n.  rowing or sailing in boats as a sport or form of recreation (指作为运动或娱乐形式的)划船

boatload /ˈbəʊtləʊd/ n.  1  enough to fill a boat 一船(货物或乘客) 2 colloq.  a large number of people [口]许多(人)

boatman /ˈbəʊtmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who hires out boats or provides transport by boat 出租小船的人(或用船摆渡取酬的人)，船家

boat people n.  refugees who have left a country by sea 船民(乘船离国的难民)

boat race n.  a race between rowing crews, esp. (the Boat Race) the one between Oxford and Cambridge 划船比赛(尤指牛津、剑桥大学之间一年一度的划船比赛)

boatswain /ˈbəʊs(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 bo'sun, bosun, bo's'n)  a ship's officer in charge of equipment and the crew 水手长(管理其他水手及船上设备) [Old English bɑˉtswegen (as BOAT, SWAIN)]

boatswain's chair n.  a seat suspended from ropes for work on the side of a ship or building (船侧或建筑物的)高空作业坐板

boat-train n.  a train scheduled to meet or go on a boat 配合船期接送乘客的火车

Bob /bɒb/   鲍勃 [人名]

bob1 /bɒb/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (bobbed, bobbing)  1  move quickly up and down; dance 上下快速移动；跳舞 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 back, up)  a  bounce buoyantly 跃起b  emerge suddenly; become active or conspicuous again after a defeat etc. 突然出现；(失败等后)恢复元气，东山再起 3  curtsy 行屈膝礼 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  try to catch with the mouth alone (fruit etc. floating or hanging) 想法只用嘴咬住飘动(或悬挂)的东西(水果等) ●n.  1  a jerking or bouncing movement, esp. upward (尤指向上)突然跳起；弹起 2  a curtsy 屈膝礼 3  one of several kinds of change in long peals in bell-ringing (钟乐中的)变调鸣奏(法) [14th c.: probably imitative]

bob2 /bɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short hairstyle for women and children (妇女和儿童的)短发型 2  a weight on a pendulum, plumb line, or kite tail 摆锤，锤规；(风筝尾部的)垂挂物 3  = BOBSLEIGH  4  a horse's docked tail 截短的马尾 5  a short line at or towards the end of a stanza 诗节末尾的短行 6  a knot of hair; a tassel-shaped curl (毛发)一束，一团，一串 ●v. (bobbed, bobbing)  1 tr.  cut (a woman's or child's hair) so that it hangs clear of the shoulders 剪短(妇女或儿童的)头发 2 intr.  ride on a bobsleigh 乘大雪橇 [Middle English: origin unknown]

bob3 /bɒb/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Brit. slang hist.  a shilling (now = 5 decimal pence) [英] [俚语] [史义]先令(现为十进制中的 5 便士) [19th c.: origin unknown]

bob4 /bɒb/ n.   □ bob's your uncle  Brit. slang  an expression of completion or satisfaction [英] [俚语]一切如意 [pet form of the name Robert]

bobber /ˈbɒbə/ n.  a person who rides on a bobsleigh 乘大雪橇的人

bobbin /ˈbɒbin/ n.  1  a  a cylinder or cone holding thread, yarn, wire, etc., used esp. in weaving and machine sewing (尤指纺织、缝纫等用的)筒管，筒子，线轴(沙管等)b  a spool or reel 绕线管，线圈架；线圈，卷轴 2  a small bar and string for raising a door latch (门拴上的)吊带把手 [French bobine, of unknown origin]

bobbinet /ˈbɒbinet/ n.  machine-made cotton net (imitating lace made with bobbins on a pillow) (仿枕头上网眼花边的)六角网眼纱，珠罗纱 [BOBBIN + NET1]

bobbin lace n.  lace made by hand with thread wound on bobbins 梭结花边

bobble /ˈbɒb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small woolly or tufted ball as a decoration or trimming (装饰或镶边用的)小羊毛球 2 US esp. Sport  a mistake or error; a bungle [美] (尤)【运动】失误，漏接(球) ●v. tr. & intr. US esp. Sport  bungle or fumble, esp. in taking a catch [美] (尤)【运动】漏接球(尤指接球后脱手) □ bobbly  adj.   [diminutive of BOB2]

Bobby /ˈbɒbi/   博比 [人名]

bobby1 /ˈbɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a police officer [英口]警察 [Sir Robert Peel, English statesman d. 1850, founder of the metropolitan police force]

bobby2 /ˈbɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 bobby calf)  an unweaned calf slaughtered for veal 出生后不久即被宰杀的未断奶小牛 [English dialect]

bobby-dazzler n. Brit. colloq.  a remarkable or excellent person or thing [英口]引人注目的人(或物)，顶刮刮的人(或物) [dialect, related to DAZZLE: the first element is unknown]

bobby pin n. N. Amer., Austral. & NZ  a flat hairpin [北美澳新]扁平发夹 [BOB2 + -Y2]

bobby socks n. pl. esp. N. Amer.  short socks reaching just above the ankle [尤北美] (刚过脚脖子的)短袜 □ bobby-soxer  n.   [BOB2 + -Y2]

bobcat /ˈbɒbkæt/ n.  a small N. American lynx, Felix rufus, with a spotted reddish-brown coat and a short tail 红猫(一种北美短尾猞猁) [BOB2 + CAT1]

bobolink /ˈbɒbəliŋk/ n.  a N. American oriole, Dolichonyx oryzivorus 长刺歌雀(一种北美黄鹂) [originally Bob(o') Lincoln: imitative of its call]

bobsled /ˈbɒbsled/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BOBSLEIGH  □ bobsledding  n.  

bobsleigh /ˈbɒbslei/ n.  a mechanically steered and braked sledge used for racing down a steep ice-covered run 大雪橇；连橇 □ bobsleighing  n.   [BOB2 + SLEIGH]

bobstay /ˈbɒbstei/ n.  the chain or rope holding down a ship's bowsprit 船头斜桁支索 [probably BOB1 + STAY2]

bobtail /ˈbɒbteil/ n.  1  a docked tail 短尾巴，截短的尾巴 2  a horse or a dog with a bobtail 尾巴截短的马(或狗) [BOB2 + TAIL1]

bocage /bəˈkɑ:ʒ/ n.  the representation of silvan scenery in ceramics (陶瓷艺术品上)森林背景 [French from Old French boscage: see 见 BOSCAGE]

Boche /bɒʃ/ n. & adj. slang derog. [俚语] [贬] ●n.  1  a German, esp. a soldier 德国佬(尤指德国兵) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  Germans, esp. German soldiers, collectively (总称)德国人(尤指德国兵) ●adj.  German 德国人(或兵)的 [French slang, originally = rascal: applied to Germans in the First World War]

bock /bɒk/ n.  a strong dark German beer 德国黑啤酒 [French, from the German abbreviation of Eimbockbier from Einbeck in Hanover]

BOD abbr.  biochemical oxygen demand [缩略]生化需氧量

bod /bɒd/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a person [英]人，家伙 2 N. Amer.  a body [北美]人体，体格 [abbreviation of BODY]

bodacious /bəˈdeiʃəs/ adj. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  remarkable, excellent 非凡的，引人注目的 2 esp. US  bold, audacious [尤美]胆大妄为的，鲁莽的 [perhaps variant of archaic boldacious, from BOLD + AUDACIOUS]

bode /bəʊd/ v. tr.  1  portend, foreshow 预示，为…的先兆 2  foresee, foretell (evil) 预知，预言(不祥) □ bode well (or ill)   show good (or bad) signs for the future 有好(坏)兆头 [Old English bodian from boda ‘messenger’]

bodega /bəˈdi:ɡə/ n.  a cellar or shop selling wine and food, esp. in a Spanish-speaking country 酒窖；(卖酒和食物的)酒店(尤指在讲西班牙语的国家里) [Spanish via Latin apotheca from Greek apothēkē ‘storehouse’]

Bode's law /ˈbəʊdz, ˈbəʊdəz/ n. Astron.  a formula by which the distances of the first seven planets from the sun are roughly derived in terms of powers of two 【天】波德定则(表示七大行星与太阳之间近似距离的规律) [J.E. Bode, German astronomer d. 1826]

bodge Brit. var.  of BOTCH [英] BOTCH 的变体

Bodhisattva /bɒdiˈsɑ:tvə/ n. (in Mahayana Buddhism) a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so through compassion for suffering beings (大乘佛教中的)菩萨 [Sanskrit, = a person whose essence is perfect knowledge]

bodice /ˈbɒdis/ n.  1  the part of a woman's dress (excluding sleeves) which is above the waist (无袖)女连衣裙的上身 2  a woman's undergarment, like a vest, for the same part of the body 妇女紧身胸衣 [originally pair of bodies = stays, corsets]

bodice-ripper n. colloq.  a sexually explicit romantic (esp. historical) novel or film with seduction of the heroine [口] (尤指历史题材的)胸衣撕裂文学 □ bodice-ripping  adj.  

bodiless /ˈbɒdilis/ adj.  1  lacking a body 无躯体的 2  incorporeal, insubstantial 无实体的，无形的，脱离肉体的

bodily /ˈbɒdili/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  of or concerning the body (有关)身体的，(有关)肉体的 ●adv.  1  with the whole bulk; as a whole 整个地，全部地  threw them bodily  把它们全扔掉 2  in the body; as a person 以肉体形式，活生生地；亲身地

bodkin /ˈbɒdkin/ n.  1  a blunt thick needle with a large eye used esp. for drawing tape etc. through a hem (尤指粗钝的)大针眼缝针 2  a long pin for fastening hair 长发夹 3  a small pointed instrument for piercing cloth, removing a piece of type for correction, etc. 锥子；(改错字等用的)活字铗 [Middle English, perhaps from Celtic]

body /ˈbɒdi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the physical structure, including the bones, flesh, and organs, of a person or an animal, whether dead or alive (人或动物的)身体，躯体 2  the trunk apart from the head and the limbs (除头、四肢以外的)躯干，胴体 3  a  the main or central part of a thing (物体的)主干部分  body of the car  车身 body of the attack  进攻的主力部队b  the bulk or majority; the aggregate 主要部分，大部分，大多数  body of opinion  舆论的主流 4  a  a group of persons regarded collectively, esp. as having a corporate function (尤指有法人作用的)机构，社团，团体  governing body  执政机构b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a collection (汇集而成的)一群，一批，一组；一堆，(大)量  body of facts  大量事实 5  a quantity 相当数量  body of water  水体 6  a material object 物体，天体  celestial body  天体 7 colloq.  a person [口]人 8  a full or substantial quality of flavour, tone, etc., e.g. in wine, musical sounds, etc. (味、声调等的)质地(如酒的醇度、乐声的洪亮圆润等) 9  a bodysuit 紧身衣裤 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 forth)  give body or substance to 赋…以形体 □ in a body   all together 全体一致地，一块儿□ keep body and soul together   keep alive, esp. barely 苟且过活(尤指勉强活下去)□ over my dead body  colloq.  entirely without my assent [口]除非我死了□ -bodied  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词 : able-bodied 体格健全的，强壮的)   [Old English bodig, of unknown origin]

body bag n.  a bag for carrying a corpse from the scene of warfare, an accident, etc. (装运战死、事故等死亡者的)运尸袋

body blow n.  a severe setback 严重的挫折

body-building n.  the practice of strengthening the body, esp. shaping and enlarging the muscles, by exercise (尤指加强体形、肌肉的)健美运动 □ bodybuilder  n.  

body-check n. & v. ●n.  a deliberate obstruction of one player by another 身体阻截，用身体贴人(或挤人) ●v. tr.  obstruct in this way 用身体阻挡(对方)

body colour n.  an opaque pigment 不透明的颜色(或颜料)

body double n.  a stand-in for a film actor during stunt or nude scenes (电影中特技或裸体镜头的)替身

bodyguard /ˈbɒdiɡɑ:d/ n.  a person or group of persons escorting and protecting another person (esp. a dignitary) (尤指要人的)保镖，保卫人员；警卫；警卫队

body language n.  the process of communicating through conscious or unconscious gestures and poses 身势语(有意识或无意识地通过姿势及形态表达)

body odour n.  the smell of the human body, esp. when unpleasant (尤指令人不快的)人体的气味，体臭，汗臭

body piercing n.  the piercing of holes in parts of the body other than the ear lobes (耳垂以外部位的)穿体装饰

body politic n.  the nation or state as a corporate body 国家；(被视为一个整体的)民族

body-popping n. orig. US  a kind of dancing with jerky robotic movements of the joints [源于美]机械舞，机器人舞(一种以关节机械活动的舞蹈)

body scanner n. Brit.  a scanning X-ray machine for taking tomograms of the whole body [英] (用来拍摄人体断层片的)人体扫描机

body search n.  a search, esp. one conducted by customs officials or the police, of a person's body for illicit weapons, drugs, etc. (尤指海关官员或警察针对非法武器、毒品等进行的)搜身

body shop n.  a workshop where repairs to the bodywork of vehicles are carried out 车身修理车间

body stocking n.  a woman's undergarment which covers the torso (上下身成一体的)女子紧身内衣

bodysuit /ˈbɒdisu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a close-fitting one-piece stretch garment for women (女子)紧身衣裤

body warmer n.  a sleeveless quilted or padded jacket worn as an outdoor garment (无袖)棉背心，棉马甲

body wave n.  a soft light permanent wave designed to give the hair fullness (使头发蓬松的)电烫发

body weight n.  the weight of a person's body (人的)体重

bodywork /ˈbɒdiwɜ:k/ n.  the outer shell of a vehicle 车身

body wrap n.  a type of beauty treatment involving the application of skin-cleansing ingredients to the body followed by wrapping it in hot bandages, intended to result in a reduction in body measurements 裹体美容瘦身法(在身上涂清洁皮肤的药物，再用热绷带包裹身体以达到瘦身的目的)

Boer /bɔ:, ˈbəʊə, bʊə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a South African of Dutch descent 布尔人(荷兰后裔的南非人) ●adj.  of or relating to the Boers 布尔人的，与布尔人有关的 [Dutch boer ‘farmer’]

boffin /ˈbɒfin/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a person engaged in scientific (esp. military) research [尤英口] (从事科学研究，尤指军事科学研究的)科技理论家，科学家；设计师 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Bofors gun /ˈbəʊfəz/ n.  a type of light anti-aircraft gun 博福斯式高射炮 [Bofors in Sweden, where it was made]

bog /bɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  wet spongy ground 泥塘，沼泽b  a stretch of such ground 沼泽地区 2 Brit. slang  a lavatory [英] [俚语]厕所 ●v. tr. (bogged, bogging) (foll. by 后跟 down; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  impede 使受阻碍，使不能前进  was bogged down by difficulties  遇到困难而停顿不前 □ bog off  (usu. in imper. 通常用祈使句) Brit. slang  go away [英] [俚语]滚开！□ bog standard  Brit. slang  basic, standard, unexceptional [英] [俚语]平常的，无新意的，不起眼的□ boggy  adj. (boggier, boggiest)  □ bogginess  n.   [Irish or Gaelic bogach from bog ‘soft’]

bog asphodel n.  a yellow-flowered European marsh plant, Narthecium ossifragum, of the lily family (百合科)欧洲纳茜菜

bogbean /ˈbɒɡbi:n/ n.  = BUCKBEAN 

bog cotton n.  = COTTON GRASS 

bogey1 /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. & v. Golf 【高尔夫球】  ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a score of one stroke more than par at any hole 超过某洞标准杆数一杆 2 (formerly [旧指])  the number of strokes by which a good player should complete a hole or course; par 每洞的标准杆数；达到标准杆数的成绩 ●v. tr. (-eys, -eyed)  play (a hole) in one stroke more than par 对(洞)打出超过标准杆数的一杆 [perhaps from Bogey as an imaginary player]

bogey2 /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. (also 亦作 bogy) (pl. -eys or -ies)  1  an evil or mischievous spirit; a devil 恶鬼，幽灵；妖怪 2  an awkward thing or circumstance 使人恐惧(烦恼)的东西(或情况) 3 Brit. slang  a piece of nasal mucus [英] [俚语]鼻屎 [19th c., originally as a proper name applied to the Devil: cf. BOGLE]

bogeyman /ˈbəʊɡimæn/ n. (also 亦作 bogyman) (pl. -men)  a person (real or imaginary) causing fear or difficulty (引起恐惧或困难的)可怕的(真)人；(假想的)鬼怪

boggle /ˈbɒɡ(ə)l/ v. colloq. [口]  1 intr.  be startled or baffled (esp. 尤作 the mind boggles 脑子里觉得很害怕) 感到惊恐(或惊奇、困惑) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, at)  hesitate, demur 踌躇，犹豫；反对 3 tr.  overwhelm (mentally) (思想上)使惊奇；吓倒；使困惑 [probably from dialect, related to BOGLE, BOGEY2]

bogie /ˈbəʊɡi/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a wheeled undercarriage pivoted below the end of a rail vehicle 转向架 2  a small truck used for carrying coal, rubble, etc. (运送煤、碎石等的)小卡车 [19th-c. northern dialect word: origin unknown]

bogle /ˈbəʊɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  = BOGEY2 1  2  a phantom 幽灵，鬼怪；令人恐惧的东西 3  a scarecrow 吓唬人的东西 [originally Scots (16th c.), probably related to BOGEY2]

bog moss n.  sphagnum 泥炭藓

bog myrtle n.  a deciduous shrub, Myrica gale, which grows in damp open places and has short upright catkins and aromatic grey-green leaves Also called 亦称作 (sweet) gale 香杨梅

bog oak n.  an ancient oak which has been preserved in a black state in peat 泥炭栎，沼栎(久埋于泥炭沼泽中并已变黑的栎)

Bogotɑˊ /ˌbəugəˈtɑ:/ n.  波哥大 [哥伦比亚首都]

bog spavin n.  = BLOOD SPAVIN 

bogtrotter /ˈbɒɡtrɒtə/ n. slang offens.  an Irishman [俚语] [冒犯]爱尔兰人，爱尔兰乡巴佬

bogus /ˈbəʊɡəs/ adj.  sham, fictitious, spurious 假(冒)的，伪造的 □ bogusly  adv.  □ bogusness  n.   [19th-c. US word: origin unknown]

bogy var.  of BOGEY2  BOGEY2 的变体

bogyman var.  of BOGEYMAN  BOGEYMAN 的变体

bohea /bəʊˈhi:/ n.  a black China tea, the last crop of the season and usu. regarded as of low quality (通常质量较差的)武夷红茶；下品红茶 [Bu-i (Wuyi) Hills in China, whence black tea first came to Britain]

Bohemian /bəʊˈhi:miən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Bohemia, a former kingdom in central Europe corresponding to part of the modern Czech Republic; a Czech 波西米亚人；捷克人 2 (also 亦作 bohemian)  a socially unconventional person, esp. an artist or writer 放荡不羁的文化人(尤指艺术家或作家) ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of Bohemia or its people (有关)波西米亚的；(有关)波西米亚特性的；(有关)波西米亚人的 2  socially unconventional 反世俗陈规的，放荡不羁的 □ bohemianism  n. (in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2)   [Bohemia + -AN: sense 2 from French bohémien ‘gypsy’]

boho /ˈbəʊhəʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  = BOHEMIANn. 2  ●adj.  = BOHEMIANadj. 2  [abbreviation of BOHEMIAN + -O]

boil1 /bɔil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a liquid) start to bubble up and turn into vapour; reach a temperature at which this happens (液体)沸腾，达到沸点b (of a vessel) contain boiling liquid (在容器中)烧沸；煮开  the kettle is boiling  壶里的水开了 2  a tr.  bring (a liquid or vessel) to a temperature at which it boils 使(液体或容器中物)煮沸，烧开b tr.  cook (food) by boiling 煮(食物)c intr. (of food) be cooked by boiling (食物)烹煮，在沸水中煮d tr.  subject to the heat of boiling water, e.g. to clean (如要净化)用煮沸方法 3 intr.  a (of the sea etc.) undulate or seethe like boiling water (海等)汹涌起伏，翻腾b (of a person or feelings) be greatly agitated, esp. by anger (人或感情)激动(尤指发怒) ●n.  the act or process of boiling; boiling point 煮沸，烧开；沸点  on the boil  在沸腾 bring to the boil  使烧开 □ boil down   1  reduce volume by boiling 煮稠，熬浓 2  reduce to essentials 压缩，简化 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  amount to; signify basically 归结为；表明是，意味着□ boil over   1  spill over in boiling 沸溢，煮溢 2  lose one's temper; become overexcited (情绪)失去控制，发脾气；激动□ make one's blood boil   see 见 BLOOD  [Middle English via Anglo-French boiller, Old French boillir, from Latin bullire ‘to bubble’, from bulla ‘bubble’]

boil2 /bɔil/ n.  an inflamed pus-filled swelling caused by infection of a hair follicle etc. (因毛囊螨等感染而生的)疖，疮 [Old English byˉl(e), from West Germanic]

boiled shirt n.  a dress shirt with a starched front 前胸上浆的衬衫

boiled sweet n. Brit.  a hard sweet made of boiled sugar [英]硬糖

boiler /ˈbɔilə/ n.  1  a fuel-burning apparatus for heating water, esp. to supply a central heating system (尤指中央供热系统的)锅炉 2  a tank for heating water, esp. for turning it to steam under pressure (尤指压力下可汽化水的)汽锅 3  a metal tub for boiling laundry etc. (洗衣店等)煮(或消毒)衣物的金属桶(或盆) 4 Brit.  a fowl, vegetable, etc., suitable for cooking only by boiling [英]只适宜于煮的家禽(蔬菜等)

boilermaker /ˈbɔiləmeikə/ n.  1  a person who makes boilers 锅炉制造(或修理、装配)工 2  a metalworker in heavy industry (重工业中的)金属加工工人

boiler room n.  a room with a boiler and other heating equipment, esp. in the basement of a large building (尤指大建筑物地下室里的)锅炉房，锅炉间

boiler suit n. Brit.  a one-piece suit worn as overalls for heavy manual work [英]连衫裤式工作服

boiling /ˈbɔiliŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 boiling hot) colloq.  very hot [口]滚热的，酷热的

boiling point n.  1  the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil 沸点 2  a state of high excitement (激烈情绪的)爆发点  feelings reached boiling point  情绪达到了高潮

boisterous /ˈbɔist(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of a person) rough; noisily exuberant (人)粗鲁的，爱闹的 2 (of the sea, weather, etc.) stormy, rough (海、天气等)狂暴的，猛烈的 □ boisterously  adv.  □ boisterousness  n.   [variant of Middle English boist(u)ous, of unknown origin]

bolas /ˈbəʊləs/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数) (esp. in S. America) a missile consisting of a number of balls connected by strong cord, which when thrown entangles the limbs of the quarry (尤指在南美的)流星锤；套牛绳球 [Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of bola ‘ball’]

bold /bəʊld/ adj.  1  confidently assertive; adventurous, courageous 有信心的；大胆的；需要冒风险的；勇敢的 2  forthright, impudent 直率的，唐突的，鲁莽的 3  vivid, distinct, well-marked 活跃的，醒目的，显著的，轮廓清晰的  bold colours  醒目的色彩 a bold imagination  自由驰骋的想像力 4 (in full 全形 boldface or boldfaced)  printed in a thick black typeface 黑体的，粗体的；以黑体排印的 □ as bold as brass   excessively bold or self-assured 极其胆大妄为的；极为唐突放肆的，极为粗率无理的□ make (or be) so bold as to   presume to; venture to 不揣冒昧…，不顾唐突…□ boldly  adv.  □ boldness  n.   [Old English bald ‘dangerous’, from Germanic]

bole1 /bəʊl/ n.  the stem or trunk of a tree 树干，树身 [Middle English from Old Norse bolr, perhaps related to BAULK]

bole2 /bəʊl/ n.  fine compact earthy clay 红玄武土 [Late Latin BOLUS]

bolero /bəˈlɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a Spanish dance in simple triple time 波列罗舞(一种较快的三拍子节奏的西班牙舞)b  music for or in the time of a bolero 波列罗舞曲 2 /also 亦作 ˈbɒlərəʊ/  a woman's short open jacket 前胸敞开的女短外套 [Spanish]

boletus /bəˈli:təs/ n.  a mushroom or toadstool of the genus Boletus, with pores on the underside of the cap 牛肝菌属真菌 [Latin, = mushroom]

bolivar /bɒliˈvɑ:, bɒˈli:vɑ:/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Venezuela 博利瓦(委内瑞拉货币单位) [S. Bolívar (d. 1830), a S. American soldier and statesman]

Bolivia   玻利维亚

Bolivian /bəˈliviən/ adj. & n.  玻利维亚的(人)

boliviano /bəliviˈɑ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the basic monetary unit of Bolivia (1863 － 1962 and since 1987), equal to 100 centavos or cents 玻利维亚诺 (1863 至 1962 年， 1987 年至今的玻利维亚基本货币单位，相当于 100 分) [BOLIVAR]

boll /bəʊl/ n.  a rounded capsule containing seeds, esp. flax or cotton (尤指亚麻、棉的)圆荚，铃 [Middle English from Middle Dutch bolle ‘rounded object’: related to BOWL1]

bollard /ˈbɒlɑ:d, -ləd/ n.  1 Brit.  a short metal, concrete, or plastic post in the road, esp. as part of a traffic island [英] (行人安全岛的)护柱 2  a short post on a quay or ship for securing a rope (码头或船上的)系船柱，带缆桩 [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse bolr BOLE1 + -ARD]

Bollinger /ˈbɒlindʒə/ n. propr.  a type of champagne from the Champagne area of France [商标] (法国香槟地区所产的)博林杰香槟酒 [name of the Bollinger family who produce it]

bollocking /ˈbɒləkiŋ/ n. esp. Brit. coarse slang  a severe reprimand [尤英] [粗俗俚语]臭骂

bollocks /ˈbɒləks/ n. (also 亦作 ballocks) esp. Brit. coarse slang [尤英] [粗俗俚语]  1  the testicles 睾丸 2 (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish 胡说八道，一团糟(通常作为一种轻蔑的叫喊) [Old English bealluc, related to BALL1]

boll-weevil n.  a small American or Mexican weevil, Anthonomus grandis, whose larvae destroy cotton bolls 棉铃象甲

bologna /bəˈləʊnjə, bəˈlɒnjə/ n.  = BOLOGNA SAUSAGE 

Bologna sausage n.  a large smoked sausage made of bacon, veal, pork suet, and other meats, and sold ready for eating (意大利波洛尼亚)大红肠 [Bologna in Italy]

bolometer /bəˈlɒmitə/ n.  a sensitive electrical instrument for measuring radiant energy 辐射热测定器 □ bolometry  n.  □ bolometric  /bəʊləˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek bolē ‘ray’ + -METER]

boloney var.  of BALONEY  BALONEY 的变体

Bolshevik /ˈbɒlʃivik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a member of the Russian Social Democratic party, which became the Communist party in 1918 [史义]布尔什维克(俄国社会民主党中的多数派， 1918 年成为俄国共产党) 2  a Russian communist 俄(或联)共(布)党员 3 (in general use) any revolutionary socialist (一般用作)革命的社会主义者 ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of the Bolsheviks (有关)布尔什维克的，(有关)布尔什维性质的 2  communist 共产党的 □ Bolshevism  n.  □ Bolshevist  n.   [Russian, = a member of the majority, from the fact that this faction formed the majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903, from bol ′ she ‘greater’]

Bolshie /ˈbɒlʃi/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Bolshy) Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●adj. (usu. 通常作 bolshie)  1  uncooperative, rebellious, awkward; bad-tempered 不合作的，造反的，难对付的；爱大吵大闹的 2  left wing, socialist 左翼的；社会主义的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a Bolshevik 布尔什维克；共产党人 □ bolshiness  n. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)   [abbreviation of BOLSHEVIK]

bolster1 /ˈbəʊlstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long thick pillow 长枕，靠枕，垫枕 2  a pad or support, esp. in a machine 垫子，衬垫；(尤指机器中的)软垫，垫木，车架承梁 3 Building  a short timber cap over a post to increase the bearing of the beams it supports 【建筑术】托木 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  1  encourage, reinforce 鼓舞，支持  bolstered our morale  鼓舞我们的士气 2  support with a bolster; prop up (用支撑物)支撑，支承 □ bolsterer  n.   [Old English = cushion, from Germanic]

bolster2 /ˈbəʊlstə/ n.  a chisel for cutting bricks 砖工凿 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

bolt1 /bəʊlt/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a sliding bar and socket used to fasten or lock a door, gate, etc. (门、大门等上的)插销，闩，锁簧 2  a large usu. metal pin with a head, usu. riveted or used with a nut, to hold things together (通常金属制，用螺母固定物体的)螺栓 3  a discharge of lightning 闪电，霹雳 4  an act of bolting (cf. sense 4 of v. 参见动词释义 4); a sudden escape or dash for freedom 急奔，猛冲； 逃跑，逃脱 5  an arrow for shooting from a crossbow 弩箭，方镞箭 6  a roll of fabric (originally as a measure) (织物)一匹，一卷(原作为计量单位) ●v.  1 tr.  fasten or lock with a bolt (用门闩)闩(门)，锁住，(用螺栓)使合在一起 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  keep (a person etc.) from leaving or entering by bolting a door 闩门禁止(人等)离去(或进入) 3 tr.  fasten together with bolts (用螺栓)把…旋紧，(把门用门闩)闩住 4 intr.  a  dash suddenly away, esp. to escape 突然迅速离去(尤指逃跑)b (of a horse) suddenly gallop out of control (马)脱缰，突然狂奔 5 tr.  gulp down (food) unchewed; eat hurriedly 囫囵吞下(食物)，狼吞虎咽 6 intr. (of a plant) run to seed (植物)不到期结实 ●adv. (usu. in 通常用 bolt upright)  rigidly, stiffly 笔直地，不易弯地 □ a bolt from the blue   a complete surprise 晴天霹雳，大出意外□ bolt on   1  fasten by bolts 用螺栓固定 2  add as required 按需求增加□ shoot one's bolt   do all that is in one's power 竭尽全力，智穷才尽□ bolter  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)   [Old English bolt ‘arrow’]

bolt2 /bəʊlt/ v. tr. (also 亦作 boult)  sift (flour etc.) 筛(面粉等) [Middle English from Old French bulter, buleter, of unknown origin]

bolt-hole n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a means of escape 逃避的手段，漏洞，空子 2  a secret refuge 秘密避难所

bolt-on adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to be fastened or attached by bolts 可用螺栓固定(或装上)的 2  able to be added when required 根据需要可添加的 ●n.  a thing that can be bolted on 可用螺栓固定(或可以添加)的东西

bolus /ˈbəʊləs/ n. (pl. boluses)  1  a soft ball, esp. of chewed food (尤指咀嚼过的)一小团软食物 2  a large pill 大药丸 [Late Latin from Greek bōlos ‘clod’]

bomb /bɒm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a container with explosive, incendiary material, smoke, or gas etc., designed to explode on impact or by means of a lit fuse, time mechanism, or remote-control device (带炸弹、引燃物、烟、气等的)炸弹，爆炸装置b  an ordinary object fitted with an explosive device 装有爆炸装置的一般物品  letter bomb  书信炸弹 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the atomic or hydrogen bomb considered as a weapon with supreme destructive power 原子弹(或氢弹) 3 Brit. slang  a large sum of money [英] [俚语]大笔钱  cost a bomb  值大笔钱 4  a mass of solidified lava thrown from a volcano 火山弹(火山喷出的固化熔岩) 5 N. Amer. colloq.  a bad failure (esp. a theatrical one) [北美口] (尤指演出)大失败 6 Brit. slang  a drugged cigarette [英] [俚语]搀毒品的香烟 ●v.  1 tr.  attack with bombs; drop bombs on 轰炸，投弹于 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  drive (a person etc.) out of a building or refuge by using bombs 把(人等)炸得无家可归 3 intr.  throw or drop bombs 轰炸，投弹 4 intr. esp. US slang  fail badly [尤美] [俚语]大败，惨败 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, off) colloq.  move or go very quickly [口]疾行，飞驶 □ go down a bomb  Brit. colloq., often iron.  be very well received [英口] [常讽]很受欢迎□ like a bomb  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 often iron.  very successfully [常讽]大获成功 2  very fast 极快 [French bombe via Italian bomba and Latin bombus from Greek bombos ‘boom, hum’]

bombard /bɒmˈbɑ:d/ v. tr.  1  attack with a number of bombs, shells, etc. (炮弹、枪弹等)炮击，轰击 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  subject to persistent questioning, abuse, etc. 向…连续提出问题，不断攻击(痛斥等) 3 Physics  direct a stream of high-speed particles at (a substance) 【物理学】(以高速粒子束)轰击(某一物质) □ bombardment  n.   [French bombarder from bombarde, from medieval Latin bombarda ‘a stone-throwing engine’: see BOMB]

bombarde /ˈbɒmbɑ:d/ n. Mus.  a medieval alto-pitched shawm 【音】蓬巴德双簧管(中世纪的一种中音调肖姆管) [Old French bombarde, medieval Latin bombarda probably from Latin bombus (see BOMB)]

bombardier /bɒmbəˈdiə/ n.  1 Brit.  a non-commissioned officer in the artillery [英] (炮兵部队中的)炮兵军士 2 N. Amer.  a member of a bomber crew responsible for sighting and releasing bombs [北美]轰炸员，投弹手 [French (as BOMBARD)]

bombardon /ˈbɒmbɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a type of valved bass tuba 低音大号 2  an organ stop imitating this 低音大号音栓 [Italian bombardone from bombardo ‘bassoon’ (as BOMBARD)]

bombasine var.  of BOMBAZINE  BOMBAZINE 的变体

bombast /ˈbɒmbæst/ n.  pompous or extravagant language 浮夸的言语，大话 □ bombastic  /-ˈbæstik/ adj.  □ bombastically  /-ˈbæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [earlier bombace ‘cotton wool’, via French from medieval Latin bombax -acis, alteration of bombyx: see BOMBAZINE]

Bombay /bɒmˈbei/ n.  孟买 [印度港市]

Bombay duck /bɒmˈbei/ n.  a dried fish, esp. bummalo, usu. eaten with curried dishes (通常与咖喱一起食用)咸龙头鱼干 [corruption of BUMMALO; influenced by Bombay, city in India]

bombazine /ˈbɒmbəzi:n/ n. (also 亦作 bombasine)  a twilled dress material of worsted with or without an admixture of silk or cotton, esp., when black, formerly used for mourning (尤指旧时用作丧服、黑色的)邦巴辛毛葛 [French bombasin via medieval Latin bombacinum and Late Latin bombycinus ‘silken’, from bombyx -ycis ‘silk or silkworm’, from Greek bombux]

bomb bay n.  a compartment in an aircraft used to hold bombs (飞机上的)炸弹舱

bomb disposal n.  the defusing or removal and detonation of an unexploded bomb 未爆弹处理

bombe /bɒmb, 法 bɔ˜b/ n.  a dome-shaped dish or confection, often frozen (冷冻)圆顶形甜点 [French, = BOMB]

bombed /bɒmd/ adj.  1  subjected to bombing 受到轰炸的，遭受轰炸的 2 slang  intoxicated by drink or drugs [俚语]烂醉的；因吸毒而晕晕忽忽的

bombed-out adj.  1 (of a person) driven out by bombing (人)住处遭空袭炸毁而无家可归的 2 (of a building etc.) rendered uninhabitable by bombing (建筑物等)被炸得不能居住的 3 slang [俚语]  = BOMBED 2 

bomber /ˈbɒmə/ n.  1  an aircraft equipped to carry and drop bombs 轰炸机 2  a person using bombs, esp. illegally 投弹手(尤指非法投掷炸弹者)

bomber jacket n.  a short leather or cloth jacket tightly gathered at the waist and cuffs (腰际及袖口有松紧带的)短夹克

bombora /bɒmˈbɔ:rə/ n. Austral.  a dangerous sea area where waves break over a submerged reef [澳] (波浪盖着暗礁的)危险水域 [Aboriginal, perhaps Dharuk bumbora]

bombproof /ˈbɒmpru:f/ adj.  strong enough to resist the effects of blast from a bomb 防炸的，防弹的

bombshell /ˈbɒmʃel/ n.  1  an overwhelming surprise or disappointment 引起轰动(或震惊)的事(或人)，出人意料的事(或人) 2  an artillery bomb 炸弹，炮弹 3 slang  a very attractive woman [俚语]美女，性感少妇  blonde bombshell  金发碧眼的美女

bombsight /ˈbɒmsait/ n.  a device in an aircraft for aiming bombs 轰炸瞄准器

bomb-site n.  an area where buildings have been destroyed by bombs 轰炸后的废墟

bomb squad n.  a division of a police force investigating crimes involving bombs (调查与炸弹有关的犯罪的)警察小分队

bona fide /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaidi/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  genuine; sincere 真正的，真诚的，守信的 ●adv.  genuinely; sincerely 真正地，真诚地，守信地 [Latin, ablative sing. of BONA FIDES]

bona fides /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaidi:z/ n.  1 esp. Law.  an honest intention; sincerity (尤)【法律】诚意，善意 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数) colloq.  documentary evidence of acceptability [口]令人满意的书面证据  his bona fides are in order  他的书面证据合乎逻辑 [Latin, = good faith]

bonanza /bəˈnænzə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a source of wealth or prosperity 财源，繁荣之源 2  a large output (esp. of a mine) (尤指矿)富矿脉 3  a  prosperity; good luck 兴隆；幸运b  a run of good luck 接二连三的好运 ●adj.  greatly prospering or productive 极为兴旺(或多产)的 [originally US from Spanish, = fair weather, from Latin bonus ‘good’]

bona vacantia /ˌbəʊnə vəˈkæntiə/ n. Law  goods without an apparent owner and to which the Crown has right 【法律】无主财物(或货物)，无人继承的动产 [Latin, = ownerless goods]

bon-bon /ˈbɒnbɒn/ n.  a piece of confectionery; a sweet 夹心糖，糖果 [French from bon ‘good’ from Latin bonus]

bonce /bɒns/ n. Brit. [英]  1 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 2  a large marble 大弹子，(男孩玩的)弹子游戏 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bond /bɒnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thing that ties another down or together 捆绑物，捆扎物；联结物b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a thing restraining bodily freedom 镣铐，枷锁  broke his bonds  砸碎了他的枷锁 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a  a uniting force 结合(力)；联结，联系  sisterly bond  姊妹般的关系b  a restraint; a responsibility 约束(力)；责任，义务  bonds of duty  职责的约束 3  a binding engagement; an agreement 契约，票据，合同  his word is his bond  他是讲信用的 4 Commerce 【商业】  a  a certificate issued by a government or a public company promising to repay borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest at a specified time; a debenture 公债；债券b  an insurance policy held by a travel agent, tour operator, airline, etc., which protects travellers' holidays and money from the company's bankruptcy (旅行代理人、旅游经营者、航空公司等的)保险单 5  adhesiveness 黏合，黏合剂，黏结剂 6 Law  a deed by which a person is bound to make payment to another 【法律】付款保证书 7 Chem.  a linkage between atoms in a chemical compound 【化】键 8 Building  the laying of bricks in one of various patterns in a wall in order to ensure strength 【建筑术】(砌墙时的)砌合，砌式  English bond  英国式砌合 Flemish bond  荷兰式砌合 ●v.  1 tr.  a  lay (bricks) overlapping 砌合(砖)b  bind together (resin with fibres, etc.) 使(树脂与纤维等)黏合，使结合 2 intr.  adhere; hold together 粘合，结合，连在一起 3 tr.  connect with a bond (用约束力)连接起来 4 tr.  place (goods) in bond 把(货物)存入关栈 5  a intr.  become emotionally attached (感情上)恋恋不舍b tr.  link by an emotional or psychological bond 团结在一起 □ in bond  (of goods) stored in a bonded warehouse until the importer pays the duty owing (see 见 BONDED) (货物)在关栈中 [Middle English variant of BAND1]

bondage /ˈbɒndidʒ/ n.  1  serfdom; slavery 奴隶制，奴役 2  subjection to constraint, influence, obligation, etc. 受限制(或影响、合同等)的束缚 3  sadomasochistic practices, including the use of physical restraints or mental enslavement (肉体、精神上的)施虐受虐行为 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin bondagium: influenced by BOND]

bonded /ˈbɒndid/ adj.  1 (of goods) placed in bond (货物)存放关栈待完税的 2 (of material) reinforced by or cemented to another (材料)黏合的，接合的 3  a (of a debt) secured by bonds (债务)以债券作保证的，抵押的b (of a travel company etc.) protected by a bond (see 见 BOND n. 4b) (旅游公司等)通过保险单(游客)受保护的

bonded warehouse n.  a customs-controlled warehouse for the retention of imported goods until the duty owed is paid 关栈，保税仓库

bondholder /ˈbɒndhəʊldə/ n.  a person holding a bond or bonds granted by a private person or a public company 债券持有人

bond paper n.  high-quality writing paper (纸质优良的)证券纸，文件纸

bondsman /ˈbɒn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a slave 奴隶 2  a person in thrall to another 被奴役者 [variant of bondman (from archaic bond in serfdom or slavery) as though from bond's genitive of BOND]

bond-washing n. Brit.  dividend-stripping [英]证券回买(逃避股息税)

bone /bəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the pieces of hard tissue making up the skeleton in vertebrates 骨，骨头 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the skeleton, esp. as remains after death 骨骼，(尤指死后保存下来的)尸骸b  the body, esp. as a seat of intuitive feeling (尤指作为直觉之所在的)身体，内心  felt it in my bones  我深深地感觉到它 3  a  the calcified material of which bones consist 骨质，骨质物b  a similar substance such as ivory, dentine, or whalebone 骨状物(如象牙、齿质、鲸须) 4  a thing made of bone 骨制品 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the essential part of a thing 基本要点，本质部分  the bare bones  基本要点，梗概 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a  dice 骰子b  castanets (打拍子用的)响板 7  a strip of stiffening in a corset etc. (支撑妇女紧身胸衣等的)鲸骨 ●v.  1 tr.  take out the bones from (meat or fish) 剔去(肉或鱼)的骨 2 tr.  stiffen (a garment) with bone etc. 用鲸骨(或钢架等)撑起(妇女上衣) 3 tr. Brit. slang  steal [英] [俚语]偷 □ bone up  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  study (a subject) intensively [口]苦苦钻研(某学科)□ close to (or near) the bone   1  a  tactless to the point of offensiveness 不策略的，不圆通的b  near the limit of decency 近乎下流的 2  destitute; hard up 缺乏的，贫困的；手头儿紧□ have a bone to pick  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  have a cause for dispute (with another person) 同(他人)有争端要解决□ make no bones about   1  admit or allow without fuss 直言不讳 2  not hesitate or scruple 毫不犹豫(或迟疑)□ point the bone  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at) Austral. [澳]  1  wish bad luck on 诅咒…倒霉 2  cast a spell on in order to kill 以凶符骨指向…咒其去死□ to the bone   1  to the bare minimum 到极点 2  penetratingly 深入骨髓，到骨头□ work one's fingers to the bone   work very hard, esp. thanklessly 不住手地干(尤指徒劳)□ boneless  adj.   [Old English bɑˉn, from Germanic]

bone china n.  fine china made of clay mixed with the ash from bones 骨灰瓷(一种以瓷土与骨灰混合烧制成的瓷器)

bone dry adj.  completely dry 干透的，十分干燥的

bonefish /ˈbəʊnfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同) N. Amer.  any of several species of large game fish, esp. Albula vulpes, having many small bones [北美]大型游钓鱼(尤指北梭鱼)

bonehead /ˈbəʊnhed/ n. slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ boneheaded  adj.  

bone idle adj. (also 亦作 bone lazy)  utterly idle or lazy 懒透了的，懒到极点的

bone marrow  see 见 MARROW 2 

bone meal /ˈbəʊnmi:l/ n.  crushed or ground bones used esp. as a fertilizer 骨粉(尤用作肥料)

bone of contention n.  a source or ground of dispute 争端的起因，争议点

boner /ˈbəʊnə/ n. slang  a stupid mistake [俚语]愚蠢可笑的错误 [BONE + -ER1]

bone-setter n.  a person who sets broken or dislocated bones, esp. without being a qualified surgeon (尤指无行医资格的)正骨者

boneshaker /ˈbəʊnʃeikə/ n.  1  a decrepit or uncomfortable old vehicle 破旧摇晃的车子；粗陋的车辆 2  an old type of bicycle with solid tyres 实心轮胎的老式自行车

bone spavin n.  1  osteoarthritis or osteitis of the hock in horses (马跗关节的)骨关节炎(或骨炎) 2  a swelling due to this (由上述炎症引起的)肿胀

bonfire /ˈbɒnfaiə/ n.  a large open-air fire, for burning rubbish, as part of a celebration, or as a signal (为销毁垃圾而燃的)火堆；(作为信号而燃的)篝火 □ make a bonfire of   destroy by burning 烧毁，消灭，毁掉 [earlier bonefire from BONE (bones being the chief material formerly used) + FIRE]

Bonfire Night n. Brit. 5 Nov., on which fireworks are displayed and an effigy of Guy Fawkes burnt (see 见 GUY1) [英]篝火之夜(指 11 月 5 日，这一夜燃放烟火和烧毁盖伊·福克斯的模拟像)

bongo1 /ˈbɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  either of a pair of small long-bodied drums usu. held between the knees and played with the fingers 邦戈鼓，小手鼓(通常夹在两膝间，用手指击打) [Latin American Spanish bongó]

bongo2 /ˈbɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a rare antelope, Tragelaphus euryceros, native to the forests of central Africa, having spiralled horns and a chestnut-red coat with narrow white vertical stripes 紫羚羊，邦戈羚(产于非洲中部，角扭旋、皮红褐色，身上有狭窄垂直白条纹) [Congolese]

bonhomie /ˈbɒnəmi:/ n.  geniality; good-natured friendliness 温和，和蔼；友好 [French from bonhomme ‘good fellow’]

bonhomous /ˈbɒnəməs/ adj.  full of bonhomie 和蔼的，愉快的

bonito /bəˈni:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of various striped tuna of warm seas 鲣(等金枪鱼科鱼类) [Spanish]

bonk /bɒŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hit resoundingly 敲打 2 intr.  bang; bump 猛击，猛撞；碰，撞 3 Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语]  a intr.  have sexual intercourse 交媾b tr.  have sexual intercourse with 和…交媾 ●n.  an instance of bonking 碰撞  a bonk on the head  撞了头 [imitative: cf. BANG, BUMP, CONK2]

bonkers /ˈbɒŋkəz/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

bon mot /bɒn ˈməʊ/ n. (pl. bons mots pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /-məʊz/)  a witty saying 名言，妙语 [French, = good word]

Bonn /bɒn/ n.  波恩 [德国城市]

bonne bouche /bɒn bu:ʃ, 法 bɔn buʃ/ n. (pl. bonne bouches or bonnes bouches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a titbit, esp. to end a meal with (尤指用餐时留作最后一口的)美味 [French from bonne fem. ‘good’ + bouche ‘mouth’]

bonnet /ˈbɒnit/ n.  1  a  a woman's or child's hat tied under the chin and usu. with a brim framing the face (颏下可系带子的)女帽，童帽(通常带帽边)b  a soft round brimless hat like a beret worn by men and boys in Scotland (cf. 参见 TAM-O'-SHANTER) (苏格兰男人或男孩戴的)无边软帽c colloq.  any hat [口]帽子 2 Brit.  a hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle [英] (汽车)引擎罩 3  the ceremonial feathered headdress of an American Indian (北美印第安人的)羽毛头饰 4  the cowl of a chimney etc. (烟囱等的)罩 5  a protective cap in various machines 机器罩 6 Naut.  additional canvas laced to the foot of a sail 【海】副底帆，辅助帆 □ bonneted  adj.   [Middle English via Old French bonet from medieval Latin abonnis ‘headgear’]

bonnethead /ˈbɒnithed/ n.  a hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, with a relatively narrow head Also called 亦称作 shovelhead 窄头双髻鲨

bonnet monkey n.  an Indian macaque, Macaca radiata, with a bonnet-like tuft of hair 帽猴(产于印度，头部毛发浓密似帽)

bonny /ˈbɒni/ adj. (also 亦作 bonnie) (bonnier, bonniest) esp. Sc. & N. Engl. [尤苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a  physically attractive 好看的，健美的b  healthy-looking 健康的 2  good, fine, pleasant 漂亮的，美好的，悦人耳目的 □ bonnily  adv.  □ bonniness  n.   [15th c.: perhaps from Old French bon ‘good’]

bonsai /ˈbɒnsai/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the art of cultivating ornamental artificially dwarfed varieties of trees and shrubs 盆景艺术 2 (also 亦作 bonsai tree)  a tree or shrub grown by this method 盆景 [Japanese, from bon ‘tray’ + sai ‘planting’]

bonspiel /ˈbɒnspi:l/ n. esp. Sc.  a curling match [尤苏格兰]掷冰壶比赛，冰上溜石游戏 [16th c.: perhaps from Low German]

bontebok /ˈbɒntəbɒk/ n. (also 亦作 bontbok /ˈbɒntbɒk/) (pl. same 单复同 or -boks)  a large chestnut antelope, Damaliscus dorcas, native to southern Africa, having a white tail and a white patch on its head and rump 南非白纹大羚羊 [Afrikaans from bont ‘spotted’ + bok BUCK1]

bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n.  1  an unsought or unexpected extra benefit 额外给与的好处 2  a  a usu. seasonal gratuity to employees beyond their normal pay (通常按季分发的)奖金b Brit.  an extra dividend or issue paid to the shareholders of a company [英]红利c Brit.  a distribution of profits to holders of an insurance policy [英] (分给参加保险者的)余利 [Latin bonus, bonum ‘good (thing)’]■Usage 用法说明 The phrase added bonus, although common, is regarded as tautologous by some people and is to be avoided in formal usage. 尽管短语 added bonus 很常用，但有人认为是赘述，在正式场合应避免使用。 

bon vivant /bɒ˜ vi:ˈvɒ˜/ n. (pl. bon vivants or bons vivants pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person indulging in good living; a gourmand 生活舒适讲究吃喝的人 [French, literally ‘good liver’, from vivre ‘to live’]

bon viveur /bɒ˜ vi:ˈvɜ:/ n. (pl. bon viveurs or bons viveurs pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = BON VIVANT  [pseudo-French, after bon vivant: viveur ‘a living person’]

bon voyage /bɒn vɔiˈjɑ:ʒ, bɔ˜ vwaˈjɑ:ʒ/ int. & n.  an expression of good wishes to a departing traveller 一路平安 [French, literally ‘good journey’]

bony /ˈbəʊni/ adj. (bonier, boniest)  1 (of a person) thin with prominent bones (人)骨头突出的，瘦削的 2  having many bones 多骨的 3  of or like bone 骨的，似骨的 4 (of a fish) having bones rather than cartilage (鱼)硬骨的 □ boniness  n.  

bonze /bɒnz/ n.  a Japanese or Chinese Buddhist priest (日本或中国佛教的)和尚，僧人 [French bonze or Portuguese bonzo, probably from Japanese bonzō, bonsō ‘priest’]

bonzer /ˈbɒnzə/ adj. Austral. slang  excellent, first-rate [澳] [俚语]卓越的，极好的，第一流的 [perhaps from BONANZA]

boo /bu:/ int., n. & v. ●int.  1  an expression of disapproval or contempt 嘘(表示不满、轻蔑时所发的声音) 2  a sound, made esp. to a child, intended to surprise 哟(使人感到吃惊，尤指对小孩所发出的声音) ●n.  an utterance of boo, esp. as an expression of disapproval or contempt made to a performer etc. 嘘声(尤指作为对演出者等不满、轻蔑的一种表示) ●v. (boos, booed)  1 intr.  utter a boo or boos 发出嘘声 2 tr.  jeer at (a performer etc.) by booing 嘘(某人)，向(演出者等)喝倒彩 □ can't (or wouldn't) say boo to a goose   is very shy or timid 非常羞怯 [imitative]

boob1 /bu:b/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 Brit.  an embarrassing mistake [英]大错，过失 2  a simpleton 笨蛋，蠢人 ●v. intr. Brit.  make an embarrassing mistake [英]犯大错 [abbreviation of BOOBY]

boob2 /bu:b/ n. slang  a woman's breast [俚语] (女人的)乳房 [earlier bubby, booby, of uncertain origin]

booboo /ˈbu:bu:/ n. slang  a mistake [俚语] (大)错误 [BOOB1]

boobook /ˈbu:bʊk/ n. (in full 全称 boobook owl)  a brown spotted owl, Ninox novaeseelandiae, native to Australia and New Zealand 布布克鹰鸮 [imitative of its call]

boob tube n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  a woman's low-cut close-fitting usu. strapless top [英] (女性的)紧身胸衣(通常上方无吊带) 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) N. Amer.  television; one's television set [北美]电视，电视机

booby /ˈbu:bi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a stupid or childish person 笨蛋，傻瓜，呆子 2  a small gannet of the genus Sula 鲣鸟 [probably from Spanish bobo (in both senses) from Latin balbus ‘stammering’]

booby-hatch n. esp. US slang offens.  a psychiatric hospital [尤美] [俚语] [冒犯]精神病院，疯人院

booby prize n.  a prize given to the least successful competitor in a contest (给成绩最差者的)末名奖，安慰奖

booby trap n. & v. ●n.  1  a trap intended as a practical joke, e.g. an object placed on top of a door ajar ready to fall on the next person to pass through 陷阱(如置物于半开的门顶，有人开门时就打在头上的恶作剧) 2 Mil.  an apparently harmless explosive device intended to kill or injure anyone touching it 【军】饵雷，诡雷 ●v. tr. (booby-trap)  place a booby trap or traps in or on 设陷阱捕捉，在…处设置饵雷

boodle /ˈbu:d(ə)l/ n. slang  money, esp. when gained or used dishonestly, e.g. as a bribe [俚语]钱(尤指如作为贿赂的贿金) [Dutch boedel ‘possessions’]

boogie /ˈbu:ɡi/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (boogies, boogied, boogieing) slang  dance to pop music [俚语] (跟着流行音乐)跳舞 ●n.  1  = BOOGIE-WOOGIE  2 slang  a dance to pop music [俚语]流行音乐舞会 [20th c.: origin unknown]

boogie-woogie /bu:ɡiˈwu:ɡi/ n.  a style of playing blues or jazz on the piano, marked by a persistent bass rhythm (用钢琴演奏的)布基—伍基(一种布鲁斯乐曲或爵士乐曲) [probably from BOOGIE]

boohoo /bu:ˈhu:/ int. & v. ●int.  expressing weeping (表示悲泣)呜呜 ●v. intr. (boohoos, boohooed) (esp. of a child) weep loudly (尤指小孩)号哭，大声哭泣 [imitative]

book /bʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers 书，书本，书籍b  a literary composition intended for publication 著作，专著  is working on her book  正在写她的专著 2  a bound set of blank sheets for writing or keeping records in 本子，簿册 3  a set of tickets, stamps, matches, cheques, samples of cloth, etc., bound up together (装在一起的票、邮票、支票、布样等)本，册，簿；(火柴)一纸板 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a set of records or accounts 记录簿(或账册) 5  a main division of a literary work, or of the Bible (文学作品或《圣经》的)卷；篇；部  the Book of Deuteronomy  《申命记》 6 (in full 全称 book of words)  a libretto, script of a play, etc. (歌剧的)唱词；(戏剧的)剧本 7 colloq.  a magazine [口]杂志 8  a telephone directory 电话簿  his number's in the book  他的电话号码在电话簿上 9  a record of bets made and money paid out at a race meeting by a bookmaker (赛马的)赌注登录；登录赌注 10  a set of six tricks collected together in a card game (桥牌等中)完成定约的牌墩数 11  an imaginary record or list 想像中的记录(或名单)  the book of life  人生的记录 ●v.  1 tr.  a  engage (a seat etc.) in advance; make a reservation of 预约(座位等)，预订b  engage (a guest, supporter, etc.) for some occasion (为某一活动)预先安排(客人、支持者等) 2 tr.  a  take the personal details of (an offender or rule-breaker) 警方记下(犯法、违规者的)个人详细资料b  enter in a book or list 把…记录在册，登记 3 tr.  issue a railway etc. ticket to 把(火车票等)发给(配给)… 4 intr.  make a reservation 订，预订  no need to book  不需预订 □ book in  esp. Brit.  register one's arrival at a hotel etc. [尤英] (住入旅馆等)办理登记手续□ book up   1 Brit.  buy tickets in advance for a theatre, concert, holiday, etc. [英] (为看戏、听音乐、度假等)预订(票) 2 (as 作 booked up adj.)  with all places reserved 被预订一空的；预约满了的□ bring to book   call to account 要求作出解释，要求说明原委□ go by the book   proceed according to the rules 一丝不苟，照章办事；依照惯例□ in a person's bad (or good) books   in disfavour (or favour) with a person 失去(或得到)某人的好感，失(得)宠于某人□ in my book   in my opinion 按我个人看法□ make a book (or US [美] make book)   take bets and pay out winnings at a race meeting (在赛马等中)接受(并代下)赌注□ not in the book   disallowed 是不允许的□ on the books   contained in a list of members etc. (会员等)已注册的，已登记入册的；记录在案的□ suits my book  Brit.  is convenient to me [英]正合我意□ take a leaf out of a person's book   imitate a person 学某人的样子□ throw the book at  colloq.  charge or punish to the utmost [口]尽量加罪名；从严惩罚□ booker  n.   [Old English bōc (n.), bōcian (v.), from Germanic, usu. taken to be related to BEECH (the bark of which was used for writing on)]

bookable /ˈbʊkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that may be reserved or engaged in advance 可预订的 2 Football (of an offence) serious enough to be entered in the referee's book 【足球】(犯规) (严重到裁判)要记录的，要吃牌的

bookbinder /ˈbʊkbaində/ n.  a person who binds books professionally 装订工人 □ bookbinding  n.  

bookcase /ˈbʊkkeis/ n.  a set of shelves for books in the form of a cabinet 书橱

book club n.  a society which sells its members selected books on special terms 购书会(该组织以特定的条件向该会员出售精选的书籍)

bookend /ˈbʊkend/ n.  a usu. ornamental prop used to keep a row of books upright, esp. one of a pair (尤指一对中的一个)书立，书挡(通常具装饰性的挡头)

bookie /ˈbʊki/ n. colloq. [口]  = BOOKMAKER 

booking /ˈbʊkiŋ/ n.  the act or an instance of booking or being booked (see 见 BOOK v. 1, 2) 预订，预约

booking clerk n. Brit.  an official selling tickets at a railway station etc. [英] (火车站等的)售票员

booking hall n. Brit.  a room or area at a railway station in which tickets are sold [英] (火车站的)售票厅(区)

booking office n.  a place where tickets are sold, esp. at a railway station or theatre (尤指火车站、戏院的)售票处

bookish /ˈbʊkiʃ/ adj.  1  studious; fond of reading 好学习的，喜欢读书的 2  acquiring knowledge from books rather than practical experience 只有书本知识的，学究式的 3 (of a word, language, etc.) literary; not colloquial (词、语言等)书面语的；非口语的 □ bookishly  adv.  □ bookishness  n.  

bookkeeper /ˈbʊkki:pə/ n.  a person who keeps accounts for a trader, a public office, etc. (商人的)记账人；(政府机关等的)簿记员 □ bookkeeping  n.  

bookland /ˈbʊklænd/ n. Brit. hist.  an area of common land granted by charter to a private owner (from an earlier sense of book = charter) [英史义] (经君主特准)授予私人的公地(源于 book 的早期释义为“特权法令”)

book learning n.  mere theory (无实际经验的)书本知识

booklet /ˈbʊklit/ n.  a small book consisting of a few sheets usu. with paper covers (通常为纸面的)小册子

book-louse n.  a minute insect of the order Psocoptera, often damaging to books 书虱

bookmaker /ˈbʊkmeikə/ n.  a person who takes bets, esp. on horse races, calculates odds, and pays out winnings (尤指赛马)赌注登记经纪人 □ bookmaking  n.  

bookman /ˈbʊkmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a literary man, esp. a reviewer 作家，学者，文人(尤指评论家)

bookmark /ˈbʊkmɑ:k/ n.  a strip of leather, card, etc., used to mark one's place in a book (皮革、卡片等做的)书签

bookmobile /ˈbʊkməˌbi:l/ n. N. Amer.  a mobile library [北美]流动图书馆 [on the pattern of AUTOMOBILE]

book of words  see 见 BOOK n. 6 

bookplate /ˈbʊkpleit/ n.  a decorative label stuck in the front of a book, bearing the owner's name 藏书者标签(常贴于书前页，上有书主人的姓名)

book-rest n.  an adjustable support for an open book on a table (桌上的)看书架(供放置摊开的书)

bookseller /ˈbʊkselə/ n. esp. Brit.  a dealer in books [尤英]书商

bookshelf /ˈbʊkʃelf/ n. (pl. -shelves)  a shelf on which books can be stored 书架

bookshop /ˈbʊkʃɒp/ n.  a shop where books are sold 书店

bookstall /ˈbʊkstɔ:l/ n.  a stand for selling books, newspapers, etc., esp. out of doors or at a station etc. (尤指户外或车站旁的)书亭，书摊(报摊等)

bookstore /ˈbʊkstɔ:/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BOOKSHOP 

booksy /ˈbʊksi/ adj. Brit. colloq.  having literary or bookish pretensions [英口]喜欢读书的，书呆子气的

book token n. Brit.  a voucher which can be exchanged for books to a specified value [英]购书代价券，购书券

book value n.  the value of a commodity as entered in a firm's books (opp. 反义 MARKET VALUE) 账面价值

bookwork /ˈbʊkwɜ:k/ n.  the study of books (as opposed to practical work) 书本的钻研，书本知识的运用(与实际工作相对)

bookworm /ˈbʊkwɜ:m/ n.  1 colloq.  a person devoted to reading [口]极爱读书者，书呆子 2  the larva of a moth or beetle which feeds on the paper and glue used in books 蛀书虫，蠹鱼

Boolean /ˈbu:liən/ adj.  denoting a system of algebraic notation to represent logical propositions 布尔数学(或逻辑)体系的 [G. Boole, English mathematician d. 1864]

Boolean logic n.  the use of the logical operators ‘and’, ‘or’, and ‘not’ in retrieving information from a computer database 布尔逻辑(利用逻辑运算符“与”，“或”和“否”，对计算机数据库的信息进行检索)

boom1 /bu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a deep resonant sound 低沉有回响的声音 ●v. intr.  make or speak with a boom 发出低沉有回响的声音 [imitative]

boom2 /bu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a period of prosperity or sudden activity in commerce (商业的)繁荣(期)，迅速发展(期) ●v. intr. (esp. of commercial ventures) be suddenly prosperous or successful (尤指商业冒险)突然地繁荣(或成功) □ boomlet  n.   [19th-c. US word, perhaps from BOOM1]

boom3 /bu:m/ n.  1 Naut.  a pivoted spar to which the foot of a sail is attached, allowing the angle of the sail to be changed 【海】帆的下桁，帆杆(牵拉帆下部的圆材，可使帆的角度发生变化) 2  a long pole over a television or film set, carrying a microphone or other equipment 话筒吊杆；(摄影机升降架的)支臂 3  a floating barrier across the mouth of a harbour or river (设于港口或河口的)流木挡栅，水栅 [Dutch, = BEAM n. ‘tree, pole’]

boom box n. slang [俚语]  = GHETTO BLASTER 

boomer /ˈbu:mə/ n.  1  a large male kangaroo 大雄袋鼠 2  a large wave 巨浪

boomerang /ˈbu:məræŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a curved flat hardwood missile used by Australian Aboriginals to kill prey, and often of a kind able to return in flight to the thrower 回飞标(澳大利亚土著人用作狩猎的一种飞标，如击不中目标能飞回原处) 2  a plan or scheme that recoils on its originator 自食其果的计划(计谋) ●v. intr.  1  act as a boomerang (如同回飞标般)扔出后飞回原处 2 (of a plan or action) backfire (计划、行为)使人自食其果 [Dharuk bumariny]

boomslang /ˈbu:mslæŋ/ n.  a venomous tree-snake, Dispholidus typus, native to southern Africa 非洲树蛇(产于南非的一种有毒的树蛇) [Afrikaans from boom ‘tree’ + slang ‘snake’]

boom town n.  a town undergoing sudden growth due to a boom (由于商业繁荣而迅速发展的)新兴城镇

boon1 /bu:n/ n.  1  an advantage; a blessing 裨益；恩惠 2 archaic [古义]  a  a thing asked for; a request 祈求的东西；请求b  a gift; a favour 赠物；赐物 [Middle English, originally = prayer, via Old Norse bón from Germanic]

boon2 /bu:n/ adj.  close, intimate, favourite 亲近的，亲密的，中意的  usu. 通常作 boon companion  好友 [Middle English (originally = jolly, congenial) via Old French bon from Latin bonus ‘good’]

boondock /ˈbu:ndɒk/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer. slang  rough or isolated country [北美] [俚语]穷乡僻壤，边远的乡村地区 [Tagalog bundok ‘mountain’]

boondoggle /ˈbu:ndɒɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n.  1  a trivial or useless undertaking 琐碎无用的工作 2  a dishonest undertaking; a fraud 欺骗性的事；欺骗(行为) ●v. intr.  take part in a trivial, useless, or dishonest undertaking 做琐碎无用的工作；干欺骗性的事情 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

boonies /ˈbu:niz/ n. pl. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = BOONDOCK 

boor /bʊə/ n.  1  a rude, ill-mannered person 粗野(无礼)的人 2  a clumsy person 愚钝的人 □ boorish  adj.  □ boorishly  adv.  □ boorishness  n.   [Low German būr or Dutch boer ‘farmer’: cf. BOWER3]

boost /bu:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  promote or increase the reputation of (a person, scheme, commodity, etc.) by praise or advertising; push; increase or assist 替(人、计划、商品等)作广告，宣扬；推动，提高，增强  boosted his spirits  他养精蓄锐 boost sales  增加销售额b  push from below; assist 推，举，抬；帮助  boosted me up the tree  推我上树 2  a  raise the voltage in (an electric circuit etc.) 提高(电路等的)电压b  amplify (a radio signal) 放大(无线电讯号) ●n.  1  an act, process, or result of boosting; a push 一举，一抬，一推  asked for a boost up the hill  请求推上山 2  a  an advertisement campaign 广告，宣扬b  the resulting advance in value, reputation, etc. (价值、名誉等的)提高 [19th-c. US word: origin unknown]

booster /ˈbu:stə/ n.  1  a device for increasing electrical power or voltage 增强放大器；增压机，升压器 2  an auxiliary engine or rocket used to give initial acceleration 辅助发动机；火箭助推器 3 Med.  a dose of an immunizing agent increasing or renewing the effect of an earlier one 【医】(增强药效的)辅助药剂，激发剂 4  a person who boosts by helping or encouraging 狂热的支持者，热情的鼓动者

boot1 /bu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outer covering for the foot, esp. of leather, reaching above the ankle, often to the knee (尤指皮革制的)靴，(脚踝以上的)短筒靴，(及膝的)长筒靴 2 Brit.  the luggage compartment of a motor car, usu. at the rear [英] (通常设在汽车后部的)行李箱 3 colloq.  a firm kick [口]狠踢 4 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  dismissal, esp. Brit. from employment [口]打发走；[尤英]解雇  gave them the boot  解雇了他们 5  a covering to protect the lower part of a horse's leg (马的)皮护腿 6 hist.  an instrument of torture encasing and crushing the foot [史义]“铁靴子”(一种箝足夹腿的刑具) 7 derog.  a person [贬]人 ●v. tr.  1  kick, esp. hard (尤指猛)踢 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  dismiss (a person) forcefully 逐出，撵走；解雇(某人) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  put (a computer) in a state of readiness (cf. 参见 BOOTSTRAP 2) 启动(计算机)，引导装入程序 □ the boot (or N. Amer. [北美] shoe) is on the other foot (or leg)   the truth or responsibility is the other way round 情况正好相反□ die with one's boots on  (of a soldier etc.) die fighting (士兵等)阵亡；因公殉职，死于工作岗位□ put the boot in  Brit. [英]  1  kick brutally 猛踢 2  act decisively against a person (对他人)坚决地采取行动□ you bet your boots  slang  it is quite certain [俚语]尽打赌无妨，准保没错□ booted  adj.   [Middle English, from Old Norse bóti or Old French bote, of unknown origin]

boot2 /bu:t/ n.   □ to boot   as well; to the good; in addition 除此以外；有利；而且，加之 [originally = ‘advantage’: Old English bōt, from Germanic]

bootblack /ˈbu:tblæk/ n. N. Amer. esp. hist.  a person who polishes boots and shoes [北美] [尤史义]以擦皮鞋为业的人

bootboy /ˈbu:tbɔi/ n.  1  a boy employed to clean shoes 受雇擦皮鞋的男孩 2  a hooligan typically wearing heavy boots (穿厚重靴子的)小流氓

bootee /bu:ˈti:/ n.  1  a soft shoe, esp. a woollen one, worn by a baby 婴儿所穿的软鞋(常用毛线织成) 2  a woman's short boot 女用短筒靴

booth /bu:ð, bu:θ/ n.  1  a small temporary roofed structure of canvas, wood, etc., used esp. as a market stall, for puppet shows, etc. (帆布、木板等搭成，尤指用作售货棚或木偶表演用的)临时窝棚 2  an enclosure or compartment for various purposes, e.g. telephoning or voting (用于各种目的的)隔间(如公用电话间、投票室) 3  a set of a table and benches in a restaurant or bar (餐馆或酒吧里的)小开间，火车座 [Middle English, from Scandinavian]

bootjack /ˈbu:tdʒæk/ n.  a device for holding a boot by the heel to ease withdrawal of the leg V 字形脱靴器

bootlace /ˈbu:tleis/ n.  a cord or leather thong for lacing boots 靴带，鞋带

bootleg /ˈbu:tleɡ/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (esp. of liquor) smuggled; illicitly sold; pirated (尤指酒等)非法制造(或贩卖、运输)的 ●v. tr. (-legged, -legging)  make, distribute, or smuggle (illicit goods, esp. alcohol); pirate (a musical recording) 制造(分发或走私) (尤指酒等违法商品)；非法翻印，非法仿制(音乐唱片) ●n.  a pirated musical recording 非法仿制的音乐唱片 □ bootlegger  n.   [from the smugglers' practice of concealing bottles in their boots]

bootless /ˈbu:tlis/ adj. archaic  unavailing, useless [古义]无益的，无用的 [Old English bōtlēas (as BOOT2, LESS)]

bootlicker /ˈbu:tlikə/ n. colloq.  a person who behaves obsequiously or servilely; a toady [口]谄媚者，马屁精

bootmaker /ˈbu:tmeikə/ n.  a maker or manufacturer of boots and shoes 鞋(靴)匠(厂)

boots /bu:ts/ n. Brit.  a hotel servant who cleans boots and shoes, carries luggage, etc. [英] (旅馆中擦皮鞋及搬行李等的)杂役

bootstrap /ˈbu:tstræp/ n.  1  a loop at the back of a boot used to pull it on (靴筒后的)靴襻，拔靴带 2 Computing  a technique of loading a program into a computer by means of a few initial instructions which enable the introduction of the rest of the program from an input device 【计算】引导程序；自举技术 □ pull oneself up by one's bootstraps   better oneself by one's own efforts 靠自己的努力提高自己的地位(或改善自己的境况)

booty /ˈbu:ti/ n.  1  plunder gained esp. in war or by piracy (尤指在战争中或海上掠劫的)战利品，掠夺物 2 colloq.  something gained or won [口]获得物，奖品 [Middle English from Middle Low German būte, buite ‘exchange’, of uncertain origin]

booze /bu:z/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  alcoholic drink 酒，含酒精的饮料 2  the drinking of this 酒宴，狂饮  on the booze  痛饮 ●v. intr.  drink alcoholic liquor, esp. excessively or habitually (尤指过量或时常)饮酒，痛饮，暴饮 [earlier bouse, bowse, from Middle Dutch būsen ‘drink to excess’]

boozer /ˈbu:zə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who drinks alcohol, esp. to excess (尤指过量的)痛饮者 2 Brit.  a public house [英]酒店，酒馆

booze-up n. slang  a drinking bout [俚语]狂饮作乐聚会

boozy /ˈbu:zi/ adj. (boozier, booziest) colloq.  intoxicated; addicted to drink [口]喝醉酒的，有点醉的；嗜酒的 □ boozily  adv.  □ booziness  n.  

bop1 /bɒp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  = BEBOP  2 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a spell of dancing, esp. to pop music 博普舞(尤指伴以流行音乐)b  an organized social occasion for this 博普爵士舞会 ●v. intr. (bopped, bopping)  move or dance, esp. to pop music (尤指伴流行乐)曳步起舞 □ bopper  n.   [abbreviation of BEBOP]

bop2 /bɒp/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (bopped, bopping)  hit, punch lightly 击，轻打 ●n.  a light blow or hit (轻轻的)一击，一打 [imitative]

bora1 /ˈbɔ:rə/ n.  a strong cold dry NE wind blowing in the upper Adriatic 布拉风(亚得里亚海北部的一种强烈的干冷东北风) [Italian dialect from Latin boreas ‘north wind’: see BOREAL]

bora2 /ˈbɔ:rə/ n. Austral.  an Aboriginal rite in which boys are initiated into manhood [澳] (澳大利亚土著举行的)男孩成年仪式 [Kamilaroi buuru]

boracic /bəˈræsik/ adj.  of borax; containing boron 硼的，含硼的 [medieval Latin borax -acis: see BORAX]

boracic acid n.  = BORIC ACID 

borage /ˈbɒridʒ/ n.  a plant of the genus Borago, esp. Borago officinalis with bright blue flowers and hairy leaves both used as flavouring 琉璃苣(叶可作调味料) [Old French bourrache via medieval Latin borrago, perhaps from Arabic 'abū hurɑˉš ‘father of roughness’ (referring to the leaves)]

borak /ˈbɔ:ræk/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  banter, ridicule [澳新] [俚语]打趣，逗弄 [Australian pidgin, ultimately from Wathawurung burag ‘no, not’]

borane /ˈbɔ:rein/ n. Chem.  any of the hydrides of boron 【化】硼烷

borate /ˈbɔ:reit/ n.  a salt or ester of boric acid 硼酸盐，硼酸脂

borax /ˈbɔ:ræks/ n.  1  the mineral salt sodium borate, occurring in alkaline deposits as an efflorescence or as crystals 硼砂 2  the purified form of this salt, used in making glass and china, and as an antiseptic 硼酸钠 [Middle English via Old French boras and medieval Latin borax from Arabic būrak, from Persian būrah]

Borazon /ˈbɔ:rəzɒn/ n. propr.  a hard form of boron nitride, used as an abrasive [商标]博拉任(一种硼和氮的坚硬化合物，用作磨料) [BORON + AZO- nitrogen + -on]

borborygmus /bɔ:bəˈriɡməs/ n. (pl. borborygmi /-mai/)  a rumbling of gas in the intestines 腹鸣；肠鸣 □ borborygmic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek]

Bordeaux /bɔ:ˈdəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-ˈdəʊz/)  any of various red, white, or rosé wines from the district of Bordeaux in SW France 波尔多葡萄酒(法国西南部波尔多地区所产的红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒或玫瑰红葡萄酒)

Bordeaux mixture n.  a fungicide for vines, fruit trees, etc., composed of equal quantities of copper sulphate and calcium oxide in water 波尔多(混合)液(一种用等量硫酸铜、石灰和水配制，用于葡萄、果树等的杀真菌剂) [first used in the vineyards of Bordeaux in SW France]

bordello /bɔ:ˈdeləʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer.  a brothel [尤北美]妓院 [Middle English (from Italian bordello) from Old French bordel ‘small farm’, diminutive of borde, ultimately from Frankish]

border /ˈbɔ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the edge or boundary of anything, or the part near it 边，边缘，边沿 2  a  the line separating two political or geographical areas, esp. countries 边界(尤指国界)b  the district on each side of this 边界地区，边境，边疆c (the Border)  a particular boundary and its adjoining districts, esp. between Scotland and England (usu. 通常作 the Borders), or Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland 特定的边界及其临近地区，(尤指)苏格兰和英格兰的交界地区；北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国的交界地区 3  a distinct edging round anything, esp. for strength or decoration (尤指为牢固或作装饰用的)绲边 4  a long narrow bed of flowers or shrubs in a garden 狭长的花坛，狭长的绿化地带  herbaceous border (花园边缘种植多年生草本植物的) 绿草带 ●v.  1 tr.  be a border to 是…的边界，成为…的边界 2 tr.  provide with a border 在…上加边，给…镶边 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  a  adjoin; come close to being 邻接，毗连b  approximate, resemble 近似，接近 [Middle English from Old French bordure: ultimately related (via Germanic) to BOARD]

Border collie n.  a common working sheepdog 博德牧羊犬 [originating near the border between England and Scotland]

borderer /ˈbɔ:d(ə)rə/ n.  a person who lives near a border, esp. that between Scotland and England 边境居民(尤指英格兰与苏格兰交界处的居民)

borderland /ˈbɔ:dəlænd/ n.  1  the district near a border 边境，边疆；边沿地区；边缘 2  an intermediate condition between two extremes 两可间的状态(或境界) 3  an area for debate 有争议的地区

borderline /ˈbɔ:dəlain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the line dividing two (often extreme) conditions (常为极端间的)分界线 2  a line marking a boundary 边境线，边界线 ●adj.  1  on the borderline 边境(或边界)线上的 2  verging on an extreme condition; only just acceptable 分界线上的；勉强能接受的

Border terrier n.  1  a small terrier of a breed with rough hair, originating in the Cheviot Hills 边境猎狗(产于英格兰与苏格兰之间的切维厄特丘陵) 2  this breed 边境猎狗的品种 [originating near the border between England and Scotland]

bordure /ˈbɔ:djʊə/ n. Heraldry  a border round the edge of a shield 【纹章学】盾形纹章的边缘 [Middle English form of BORDER]

bore1 /bɔ:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  make a hole in, esp. with a revolving tool (尤指用旋转工具)钻(孔) 2 tr.  hollow out (a tube etc.) 挖通(管道等) 3 tr.  a  make (a hole) by boring or excavation (用凿、挖方式)打(洞)b  make (one's way) through a crowd etc. (从人群等中)挤出(路) 4 intr. (of an athlete, racehorse, etc.) push another competitor out of the way (运动员、赛马等)把另一个竞争者挤出 5 intr.  drill a well (for oil etc.) 钻井(取油等) ●n.  1  the hollow of a firearm barrel or of a cylinder in an internal-combustion engine (枪管或内燃机的)内膛 2  the diameter of this; the calibre 内径，口径 3  = BOREHOLE  [Old English borian, from Germanic]

bore2 /bɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a tiresome or dull person or thing 令人讨厌的人(或事) ●v. tr.  weary by tedious talk or dullness (乏味的谈话或沉闷)使…厌倦，使…厌烦 □ bore a person to tears   weary (a person) in the extreme 使(某人)烦得要命 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bore3 /bɔ:/ n.  a high tidal wave caused by the meeting of two tides, or by the constriction of a spring tide, rushing up a narrow estuary Also called 亦称作 eagre 激潮，涌潮，涛 [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse bɑˊra ‘wave’]

bore4 past  of BEAR1  

boreal /ˈbɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of the North or northern regions 北的，北方的；北方地区的 2  of the north wind 北风的 [Middle English via French boréal or Late Latin borealis from Latin Boreas, from Greek Boreas ‘god of the north wind’]

boredom /ˈbɔ:dəm/ n.  the state of being bored; ennui 厌烦，厌倦；乏味；无聊

borehole /ˈbɔ:həʊl/ n.  a deep narrow hole, esp. one made in the earth to find water, oil, etc. (为采取水、油等的样品而在地上凿的)井孔

borer /ˈbɔ:rə/ n.  1  a worm, mollusc, insect, or insect larva which bores into wood, other plant material, or rock 钻蛀虫，穿孔虫；凿船虫 2  a tool for boring 钻；镗孔刀具；镗床

boric /ˈbɔ:rik/ adj.  of or containing boron 硼的，含硼的

boric acid n.  an acid derived from borax, used as a mild antiseptic and in the manufacture of heat-resistant glass and enamels 硼酸

boring /ˈbɔ:riŋ/ adj.  that makes one bored; uninteresting, tedious, dull 令人厌烦的，令人厌倦的；乏味的；无聊的；沉闷的 □ boringly  adv.  □ boringness  n.  

Boris /ˈbɒris/   鲍里斯 [人名]

born /bɔ:n/ adj.  1  existing as a result of birth 出生的；产生的 2  a  being such or likely to become such by natural ability or quality 天生的，法定的  a born leader  天生的领袖b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  having a specified destiny or prospect 命里注定的；生来就…的  born lucky  生来就幸运 born to be king  注定要当王 born to lead men  生来就会领导人 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  of a certain status by birth …出生的；…产生的  French-born  法国出生的 well-born  出生高贵的，出生名门的 □ born and bred   by birth and upbringing 从出生和教养两个方面□ in all one's born days  colloq.  in one's life so far [口]一生中□ not born yesterday  colloq.  not stupid; shrewd [口]一点儿不傻的；精明的，世故的 [past part. of BEAR1]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BEAR1. 见 BEAR1 的用法说明。 

born-again attrib. adj.  converted (esp. to fundamentalist Christianity) 皈依的，再生的(尤指原教旨主义基督教)

borne /bɔ:n/ past part.  of BEAR1 ; adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) carried or transported by 由…携带的；由…运载的  airborne  空运的

Borneo /ˈbɔ:niəu/ n.  婆罗洲 (Kalimantan 加里曼丹岛的旧称)

Bornholm disease /ˈbɔ:nhəʊm diˌzi:z/ n.  a viral infection with fever and pain in the muscles of the ribs 博恩霍尔姆病，流行性胸肌痛 [Bornholm in Denmark, where it was first described]

borné /ˈbɔ:nei, 法 bɔrne/ adj.  1  narrow-minded; of limited ideas 心胸狭窄的，气量小的；思想有局限的 2  having limitations 有局限的 [French, past part. of borner ‘limit’]

boro- /ˈbɔ:rəʊ/ comb. form  indicating salts containing boron [构词成分]表示“硼”

boron /ˈbɔ:rɒn/ n. Chem.  a non-metallic brown amorphous or black crystalline element extracted from borax and boracic acid and mainly used for hardening steel (symbol 符 B) 【化】(化学元素)硼 [BORAX + -on from carbon (which it resembles in some respects)]

boronia /bəˈrəʊniə/ n. Austral.  any sweet-scented shrub of the genus Boronia [澳] (澳大利亚产的)芸香料灌木 [F. Borone, Italian botanist d. 1794]

borosilicate /bɔ:rəʊˈsilikeit/ n.  any of many substances containing boron, silicon, and oxygen generally used in glazes and enamels and in the production of glass 硼硅酸盐(用于上釉、搪瓷和玻璃生产)

borough /ˈbʌrə/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a town (as distinct from a city) with a corporation and privileges granted by a royal charter (享有特权的)自治市镇(区别于市)b hist.  a town sending representatives to Parliament [史义]议会中有代表的市镇 2  an administrative division of London 伦敦的一个行政区 3  a municipal corporation in certain US states (美国某些州的)自治村镇 4  each of five divisions of New York City 美国纽约市的 5 个行政区之一 5 (in Alaska) a county (美国阿拉斯加州的)行政区(相当于其他州的县) [Old English burg, burh from Germanic: cf. BURGH]

borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v.  1  a tr.  acquire temporarily with the promise or intention of returning 借，借入b intr.  obtain money in this way 借钱 2 tr.  use (an idea, invention, etc.) originated by another; plagiarize 采用(他人的思想、发明等)；剽窃 3 intr. Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  play the ball uphill so that it rolls back towards the hole 借击上坡球使球滚向洞口b  allow for the wind or a slope (击球时)考虑风向(或穴周草地的坡度) □ borrowed time   an unexpected extension, esp. of life (尤指生命)意外延长的时间；比预期稍长的有限时间□ borrower  n.  □ borrowing  n.   [Old English borgian ‘give a pledge’]

borrow pit n.  a pit resulting from the excavation of material for use in embanking etc. (筑堤等)取土坑，借土坑

borsch var.  of BORTSCH  BORTSCH 的变体

Borstal /ˈbɔ:st(ə)l/ n. Brit. hist.  an institution for reforming and training young offenders [英史义]青少年犯教养院 [Borstal in S. England, where the first of these was established]■Usage 用法说明 The term Borstal has now been replaced by detention centre and youth custody centre. 词语 Borstal 现已为 detention centre (感化中心)和 youth custody centre (青少年拘留中心)所取代。 

bort /bɔ:t/ n. (also 亦作 boart)  1  an inferior or malformed diamond, used for cutting (次等的或残缺的)金刚石；(用于切割雕琢等的)圆粒金刚石 2  fragments of diamonds produced in cutting (切割时产生的)金刚石碎块 [Dutch boort]

bortsch /bɔ:tʃ/ n. (also 亦作 borsch /bɔ:ʃ/)  a highly seasoned Russian or Polish soup with various ingredients including beetroot and cabbage and served with sour cream 罗宋汤(俄式或波兰式加有甜菜、卷心菜等的浓汤) [Russian borshch]

borzoi /ˈbɔ:zɔi/ n.  1  a large Russian wolfhound of a breed with a narrow head and silky, usu. white, coat 俄国狼狗(头长而窄，通常皮毛白色) 2  this breed 俄国狼狗种 [Russian, from borzyĭ ‘swift’]

boscage /ˈbɒskidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 boskage)  1  masses of trees or shrubs 小树丛，灌木丛 2  wooded scenery 丛林，小树林 [Middle English via Old French boscage (modern BOCAGE) ultimately from the Germanic base of BUSH1]

bosh /bɒʃ/ n. & int. slang  nonsense; foolish talk [俚语]胡说，瞎扯 [Turkish bos ‘empty’]

bosky /ˈbɒski/ adj. literary  wooded, bushy [文学用语]树木丛生的，长满灌木的 [Middle English bosk, variant of BUSH1]

bo's'n var.  of BOATSWAIN  BOATSWAIN 的变体

Bosnia and Herzegovina   波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a person's breast or chest, esp. a woman's 胸，怀(尤指女人的乳房)b colloq.  each of a woman's breasts [口] (女人的)乳房c  the enclosure formed by a person's breast and arms 胸前 2  an emotional centre, esp. as the source of an enfolding relationship 胸怀(尤作为感情之源)，内心  in the bosom of one's family  在家庭的温暖怀抱中 3  the part of a woman's dress covering the breast (女人衣服的)胸襟 [Old English bōsm, from Germanic]

bosom friend n.  a very close or intimate friend 知心朋友

bosomy /ˈbʊz(ə)mi/ adj. (of a woman) having large breasts (女人)乳房发达的

boson /ˈbəʊzɒn/ n. Physics  any of several subatomic particles obeying the relations stated by Bose and Einstein, with a zero or integral spin, e.g. photons (cf. 参见 FERMION) 【物理学】玻色子 [S. N. Bose, Indian physicist d. 1974]

boss1 /bɒs/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a person in charge; an employer, manager, or overseer 负责人，头儿；老板，上司；领班，工头 2 US  a person who controls or dominates a political organization [美] (控制政治机构的)领袖，首领 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, around)  treat domineeringly; give constant peremptory orders to 指挥，控制；把…差来遣去 2  be the master or manager of 当…的头儿(或经理) [originally US: from Dutch baas ‘master’]

boss2 /bɒs/ n.  1  a round knob, stud, or other protuberance, esp. on the centre of a shield or in ornamental work (尤指盾牌中心或装饰物件上的)浮雕装饰，凸雕饰(饰球、饰钉) 2 Archit.  a piece of ornamental carving etc. covering the point where the ribs in a vault or ceiling cross 【建】凸(雕等)饰 3 Geol.  a large mass of igneous rock 【地质】岩瘤 4 Mech.  an enlarged part of a shaft 【机】轴的突起部 [Middle English via Old French boce from Romanic]

bossa nova /bɒsə ˈnəʊvə/ n.  1  a dance like the samba, originating in Brazil 波萨诺伐舞(一种类似桑巴的舞蹈) 2  a piece of music for this or in its rhythm 波萨诺伐舞曲(节奏) [Portuguese, = new style]

boss-eyed /ˈbɒsaid/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  having only one good eye; cross-eyed 独眼的；斜视眼的，斗鸡眼的 2  crooked; out of true 歪歪斜斜的；片面的，不真实的 [dialect boss ‘miss, bungle’]

boss-shot /ˈbɒsʃɒt/ n. Brit. dial. & slang [英方] [俚语]  1  a bad shot or aim 不准的射击(或瞄准) 2  an unsuccessful attempt 不成功的尝试 [as BOSS-EYED]

bossy /ˈbɒsi/ adj. (bossier, bossiest) colloq.  domineering; tending to boss [口]专横的，作威作福的；爱指挥人的 □ bossily  adv.  □ bossiness  n.  

bossy-boots n. Brit. colloq.  a domineering person [英口]专横的人

Boston /ˈbɒstən/ n.  波士顿 [美国城市]

bosun /ˈbəʊs(ə)n/ (also 亦作 bo'sun) var.  of BOATSWAIN BOATSWAIN 的变体

bot /bɒt/ n. (also 亦作 bott)  any of various parasitic larvae of flies of the family Oestridae, infesting horses, sheep, etc. 马胃蝇蛆(寄生于马、羊等) [probably of Low Dutch origin]

bot. abbr. [缩略]  1  bottle  2  botanic; botanical; botany  3  bought 

botanize /ˈbɒtənaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  study plants, esp. in their habitat 调查和采集植物(尤指就地研究)

Botany /ˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n. (in full 全称 Botany wool)  merino wool, esp. from Australia (尤指澳大利亚)博坦尼羊毛 [Botany Bay, New South Wales, where the wool originally came from, named from the variety of its flora]

botany /ˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n.  1  the study of the physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance of plants 植物学 2  the plant life of a particular area or time (一个地区或一个时期的)植物生态 □ botanic  /bəˈtænik/ adj.  □ botanical  /bəˈtænik(ə)l/ adj.  □ botanically  /bəˈtænik(ə)li/ adv.  □ botanist  n.   [botanic via French botanique or Late Latin botanicus from Greek botanikos, from botanē ‘plant’: botany is from botanic]

botch /bɒtʃ/ v. & n. (also 亦作 bodge /bɒdʒ/) ●v. tr.  1  bungle; do badly 笨手笨脚地做；拙劣地工作 2  patch or repair clumsily 拙劣地修补 ●n.  bungled or spoilt work 拙劣的工作；一团糟  made a botch of it  把它弄得一团糟 □ botcher  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

botel /bəʊˈtel/ n. (also 亦作 boatel)  1  a waterside hotel with facilities for mooring boats (附有泊船设施的)水上旅馆 2  a ship with the facilities of a hotel 有旅馆设施的轮船，船上旅馆 [blend of BOAT and HOTEL]

botfly /ˈbɒtflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a dipterous fly of the genus Oestrus, with a stout hairy body and parasitic larvae (see 见 BOT) 胃蝇(类)

both /bəʊθ/ predet., pron. & adv. ●predet. & pron.  the two, not only one 两个…(都)  both boys  两个男孩(都) both the boys  这两个男孩(都) both of the boys  两个男孩(都) the boys are both here  这两个男孩都在这里 ●adv.  with equal truth in two cases 在两方面同样地  he is both here and hungry  他既在这儿，又饿得很 □ have it both ways   alternate between two incompatible points of view to suit the needs of the moment 两面讨好，脚踏两只船 [Middle English, from Old Norse bɑˊthir]■Usage 用法说明 Both is widely used with of, esp. when followed by a pronoun (e.g. both of us) or a noun implying separate rather than collective consideration, e.g. both of the boys suggests each boy rather than the two together. Both 经常与 of 连用，特别是其后为人称代词(如 both of us 我们两人都)或名词，此时表示两者分别考虑，而不是作为一个整体考虑，如 both of the boys (两个男孩)表示每个男孩的情况，而不是两个男孩一起的情况。 

bother /ˈbɒðə/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1 tr.  a  give trouble to; worry, disturb 打扰，使烦扰；使不安b refl. (often foll. by 后跟 about)  be anxious or concerned 焦虑；关心，担心 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about, or to + infin.)  worry or trouble oneself 费心，麻烦  don't bother about that  不要为其烦恼 didn't bother to tell me  不必费心告诉我b (foll. by 后跟 with)  be concerned 关心，担心 ●n.  1  a  a person or thing that bothers or causes worry 令人烦恼的人(或事)；引起麻烦的人(或事)b  a minor nuisance 讨厌的人(或事) 2  trouble, worry, fuss 烦恼；焦急；麻烦；纷扰 ●int. esp. Brit.  expressing annoyance or impatience [尤英] (表示烦恼、不耐烦)讨厌！去你的！  □ cannot be bothered   will not make the effort needed 不愿找麻烦，不想出力 [earlier ‘noise, chatter’, probably related to Irish bodhraim ‘deafen, annoy’]

botheration /bɒðəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. colloq. [口]  = BOTHERn., int. 

bothersome /ˈbɒðəsəm/ adj.  causing bother; troublesome 令人讨厌的；令人烦恼的

both ways adj. & adv.  = EACH WAY 

bothy /ˈbɒθi/ n. (also 亦作 bothie) (pl. -ies) Sc.  a small hut or cottage, esp. one for housing labourers or for use as a mountain refuge [苏格兰]茅屋，农舍(尤指供工人住的棚舍或山中躲避风雨的小屋) [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to BOOTH]

bo tree /bəʊ/ n.  the Indian fig tree, Ficus religiosa, regarded as sacred by Buddhists Also called 亦称作 peepul, pipal 菩提树 [representing Sinhalese bogaha ‘tree of knowledge’ (Buddha's enlightenment having occurred beneath such a tree)]

botryoidal /ˈbɒtriɔid(ə)l/ adj. Mineral.  shaped like a cluster of grapes 【矿】葡萄串状的 [Greek botruoeidēs from botrus ‘bunch of grapes’]

botrytis /bəˈtraitis/ n.  a fungus of the genus Botrytis, esp. the grey mould B. cinerea, deliberately cultivated on the grapes used for certain wines (also called 亦称作 NOBLE ROT) 葡萄孢(尤指用于酿酒时特意在葡萄上培育的灰葡萄孢) [modern Latin, from Greek botrus ‘cluster of grapes’]

Botswana   博茨瓦纳

Botswanan /bɒtˈswɑ:nən/ adj. & n.  博茨瓦纳的(人)

bott var.  of BOT  BOT 的变体

bottle /ˈbɒt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container, usu. of glass or plastic and with a narrow neck, for storing liquid (盛液体用，通常为玻璃或塑料的)狭颈小口瓶 2  the amount that will fill a bottle 一瓶的容量 3 Brit.  a baby's feeding bottle [英] (喂养婴儿的)奶瓶 4  = HOT-WATER BOTTLE  5  a metal cylinder for liquefied gas (装液化煤气的)钢瓶 6 Brit. slang  courage, confidence [英] [俚语]勇气；信心 ●v. tr.  1  put into bottles or jars 把…装入瓶(或罐)中 2 Brit.  preserve (fruit etc.) in jars [英]把(水果等)装瓶(或罐)腌制 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  conceal or restrain for a time (esp. a feeling) 约束，遏制；抑制，隐藏(尤指感情)b  keep (an enemy force etc.) contained or entrapped 诱(敌军等)入圈套；围困 4 (as 作 bottled adj.) Brit. slang  drunk [英] [俚语]喝醉的 □ bottle out  (often foll. by 常后跟 of) Brit. slang  fail to carry out some activity through lack of nerve [英] [俚语] (由于缺乏勇气而)未做某事□ hit the bottle  slang  drink heavily [俚语]酗酒□ on the bottle  slang  drinking (alcohol) heavily [俚语]沉溺于酒 [Middle English via Old French botele, botaille from medieval Latin butticula, diminutive of Late Latin buttis BUTT4]

bottle bank n. Brit.  a place where used bottles may be deposited for recycling [英]废(玻璃)瓶回收站

bottle-brush n.  1  a cylindrical brush for cleaning inside bottles 洗瓶刷 2  any of various plants with a flower of this shape 开洗瓶刷状花的植物

bottle-feed v. tr. (past and past part. -fed)  feed (a baby) with milk by means of a bottle 用奶瓶喂(婴儿)牛奶

bottle green n. & adj. ●n.  dark green 深绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深绿色的

bottleneck /ˈbɒt(ə)lnek/ n.  1  a narrow place where the flow of traffic, production, etc., is constricted (交通、生产流程等的)瓶颈；窄路，狭窄的街道；交通阻塞点；障碍 2  an obstruction to the flow of something (阻碍进展的)障碍  information bottleneck  信息障碍 3  a  a device worn on a guitarist's finger, used to produce sliding effects on the strings 吉他手手指上戴的一种装置，用以在弦上产生滑奏效果b  the style of playing that uses this (用这种装置演奏的)瓶颈压弦滑奏法c (in full 全称 bottleneck guitar)  a guitar so played (吉他的)瓶颈压弦滑奏法

bottlenose /ˈbɒt(ə)lnəʊz/ n. Brit.  a swollen nose [英]大鼻子，酒糟鼻

bottlenose dolphin n. (also 亦作 bottlenosed dolphin)  a dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, with a bottle-shaped snout 瓶鼻海豚

bottle party n. Brit.  a party to which guests bring bottles of drink [英]参加者自带瓶酒的酒会

bottler /ˈbɒtlə/ n.  1  a person who bottles drinks etc. 装瓶酒(饮料等)的工人 2 Austral. & NZ slang  an excellent person or thing [澳新] [俚语]极好的人(或事)

bottle tree n.  any of various Australian trees of the genus Brachychiton with a swollen bottle-shaped trunk (澳大利亚瓶树属的)瓶树(树干形如巨瓶)

bottle-washer n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 chief cook and bottle-washer) colloq.  a menial, a factotum [口]下手；杂役

bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  the lowest point or part 底，底部，底层  bottom of the stairs  楼梯脚b  the part on which a thing rests 最低部位  bottom of a saucepan  带柄的平底锅底c  the underneath part 最低下部分  scraped the bottom of the car  刮了汽车的底部d  the furthest or inmost part 远端，尽头；内心深处  bottom of the garden  花园的尽头 2 colloq. [口]  a  the buttocks 屁股b  the seat of a chair etc. (椅子等的)座部，座面 3  a  the less honourable, important, or successful end of a table, a class, etc. (席位等的)末座；(班级等中的)末名；末尾  at the bottom of the list of requirements  最末一项要求b  a person occupying this place 最低位置的人  he's always bottom of the class  他总是全班最末一名 4  the ground under the water of a lake, a river, etc. (湖泊、河流等的)水底  swam until he touched the bottom  他一直游到水底 5  the basis; the origin 基础，根据；来源  he's at the bottom of it  他是这件事的起因 6  the essential character; reality 本质；真实，实在 7 Naut. 【海】  a  the keel or hull of a ship 船的龙骨(或船体)b  a ship, esp. as a cargo carrier 船(尤指货船) 8 archaic  staying power; endurance [古义]持久力，耐力 ●adj.  1  lowest; last 最低的；最后的；最下面的  bottom button  最下面的钮扣 bottom score  最低分数 2  lower 后半局的  bottom half  后半局 ●v.  1 tr.  put a bottom to (a chair, saucepan, etc.) 给(椅子)装座面；在(长柄平底锅)上装底 2 intr. (of a ship) reach or touch the bottom (船)到达底部；触及底层；近水底 3 tr.  find the extent or real nature of; work out 对…寻根究底；探明…的真相 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  base (an argument etc.) 为(论点等)提供根据  reasoning bottomed on logic  以逻辑为基础的推理 5 tr.  touch the bottom or lowest point of 使到达底部(或最低点) □ at bottom   basically, essentially 基本上，实质上□ be at the bottom of   have caused 是真正的起因(或根源)□ bet one's bottom dollar  slang [俚语]  1  stake all 倾囊下注 2  be very sure 绝对有把握地打赌□ bottom falls (or drops) out   collapse occurs 出现垮台的局面□ bottom out   reach the lowest level 达最低点□ bottoms up!   a call to drain one's glass 干杯！(用作劝酒语)□ bottom up  Brit.  upside-down [英]颠倒着，底朝天□ get to the bottom of   fully investigate and explain 探明…的真相；弄清…的起因；寻到…的根子□ knock the bottom out of   prove (a thing) worthless 证明…无价值□ bottommost  /ˈbɒtəmməʊst/ adj.   [Old English botm, from Germanic]

bottom dog n.  = UNDERDOG 

bottom drawer n. Brit.  linen etc. stored by a woman in preparation for her marriage [英]女人为结婚用而储存的衣物(衬衣裤等)

bottom gear n. Brit. [英]  = FIRST GEAR 

bottomless /ˈbɒtəmlis/ adj.  1  without a bottom 无底的 2 (of a supply etc.) inexhaustible (供应等)无穷无尽的，无限的

bottom line n. colloq.  the underlying or ultimate truth; the ultimate, esp. financial, criterion [口] (尤指金融方面的)账本底线，盈亏一览结算线；(标准的)底线，最低标准

bottomry /ˈbɒtəmri/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  a system of using a ship as security against a loan to finance a voyage, the lender losing his or her money if the ship sinks 船只抵押借款契约 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  pledge (a ship) in this way 以(船只)抵押 [BOTTOM = ship + -RY, influenced by Dutch bodemerij]

bottom-up attrib. adj.  1  proceeding from detail to general theory, or from the bottom upwards 从具体细节到一般理论的，从下往上的 2  non-hierarchical 不按等级的

botulism /ˈbɒtjʊliz(ə)m/ n.  poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacillus Clostridium botulinum growing in poorly preserved food (由肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌产生的)肉毒中毒 [German Botulismus ‘sausage poisoning’ from Latin botulus ‘sausage’]

bouclé /ˈbu:klei/ n.  1  a looped or curled yarn (esp. wool) 毛圈花式线，结子花式线(尤指毛线) 2  a fabric, esp. knitted, made of this (尤指由结子花式线织的)结子线织物；仿羔皮呢，珠皮呢 [French, = buckled, curled]

boudoir /ˈbu:dwɑ:/ n.  a woman's small private room or bedroom 闺房，女人的卧室 [French, literally ‘sulking-place’ from bouder ‘sulk’]

bouffant /ˈbu:fɒ˜/ adj. (of a dress, hair, etc.) puffed out (衣服、头发等)蓬松的，鼓起的 [French, from bouffer ‘swell’]

bougainvillea /bu:ɡ(ə)nˈviliə/ n. (also 亦作 bougainvillaea)  any tropical widely cultivated plant of the genus Bougainvillea, with large coloured bracts (usu. purple, red, or white) almost concealing the inconspicuous flowers 九重葛属植物，叶子花属植物(苞片通常紫、红、白色) [L. A. de Bougainville, French navigator d. 1811]

bough /baʊ/ n.  a branch of a tree, esp. a main one 树枝(尤指大树枝，粗树枝) [Old English bōg, bōh ‘bough, shoulder’ from Germanic: related to BOW3]

bought past and past part.  of BUY 

boughten /ˈbɔ:t(ə)n/ adj. dial.  bought at a shop, not home-made [方]买来的，现成的 [variant of past part. of BUY]

bougie /ˈbu:ʒi/ n.  1 Med.  a thin flexible surgical instrument for exploring, dilating, etc. the passages of the body 【医】探条(用于探测、扩张体内的通道) 2  a wax candle 蜡烛 [French from Arabic Bijɑˉya, an Algerian town with a wax trade]

bouillabaisse /bu:jəˈbeis/ n.  a rich, spicy fish-stew, originally from Provence 法式杂鱼汤，普罗旺斯鱼汤 [French from modern Provençal bouiabaisso ‘boil down’]

bouilli /ˈbu:ji, 法 buji/ n.  stewed or boiled meat 煮肉，炖肉 [French, = boiled]

bouillon /ˈbu:jɒ˜/ n.  thin soup; broth 清汤；肉汤 [French, from bouillir ‘to boil’]

boulder /ˈbəʊldə/ n.  a large stone worn smooth by erosion 卵石，巨石 □ bouldery  adj.   [short for boulderstone, Middle English from Scandinavian]

boulder clay n.  a mixture of boulders etc. deposited by massive bodies of melting ice, giving distinctive glacial formations (有圆石等的)泥砾(层)；冰砾土

boule1 /bu:l/ n. (also 亦作 boules pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a French form of bowls, played on rough ground with usu. metal balls 法国式滚球戏(通常用金属球) [French, = BOWL2]

boule2 /ˈbu:li/ n.  a legislative body of ancient or modern Greece 古代(或现代)希腊的立法机构 [Greek boulē ‘senate’]

boule3 var.  of BUHL  BUHL 的变体

boules var.  of BOULE1  BOULE1 的变体

boulevard /ˈbu:ləvɑ:d/ n.  1  a broad tree-lined avenue 林阴大道 2 esp. US  a broad main road [尤美]干道，大街 [French from German Bollwerk BULWARK, originally of a promenade on a demolished fortification]

boulle var.  of BUHL  BUHL 的变体

boult var.  of BOLT2  BOLT2 的变体

bounce /baʊns/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (of a ball etc.) rebound (球等)反弹，弹起b tr.  cause to rebound 使反弹，使弹起c tr. & intr.  bounce repeatedly 反复弹起，颠跳 2 intr. colloq. (of a cheque) be returned by a bank when there are insufficient funds to meet it [口] (支票) (因开票人账上资金不足)被拒付而退回 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 about, up) (of a person, dog, etc.) jump or spring energetically (人、狗等)跳跃，串跳b (foll. by 后跟 in, out, etc.)  rush noisily, angrily, enthusiastically, etc. 急冲，猛闯(猛跳等)  bounced into the room  冲进房间 bounced out in a temper  生气地冲了出去 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into + verbal noun) Brit. colloq.  hustle, persuade [英口]胁迫，迫使  bounced him into signing  迫使他签了字 5 intr. Brit. colloq.  talk boastfully [英口]吹牛，说大话 6 tr. slang  eject forcibly (from a dance hall, club, etc.) [俚语] (从舞厅、俱乐部等)解雇，开除；撵走，逐出 ●n.  1  a  a rebound 反弹；弹跳，跃起b  the power of rebounding 弹力  this ball has a good bounce  这只球弹力很好 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  swagger, self-confidence 吹牛，夸口；自信、自大  has a lot of bounce  吹了很多牛b  liveliness 活力，劲头，精神 □ bounce back   regain one's good health, spirits, prosperity, etc. (身体、精神)复元；(经济等)恢复繁荣 [Middle English bunsen ‘beat, thump’ (perhaps imitative), or from Low German bunsen, Dutch bons ‘thump’]

bouncer /ˈbaʊnsə/ n.  1 colloq.  a person employed to eject troublemakers from a dance hall, club, etc. [口] (舞厅、俱乐部等雇用的)驱逐捣乱者的人 2 Cricket  a ball bowled fast and short so as to rise high after pitching 【板球】反弹力大的快速高球

bouncing /ˈbaʊnsiŋ/ adj.  1 (esp. of a baby) big and healthy (尤指婴儿)大的，健壮的 2  boisterous 嘈杂的

bouncy /ˈbaʊnsi/ adj. (bouncier, bounciest)  1 (of a ball etc.) that bounces well (球等)反弹好的，弹力足的 2  cheerful and lively 欢快的，活泼的，富有生气的 3  resilient, springy 有弹性的，弹力足的  a bouncy sofa  弹性好的沙发 □ bouncily  adv.  □ bounciness  n.  

bound1 /baʊnd/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  spring, leap 跳跃，跳动  bounded out of bed  跳下床b  walk or run with leaping strides 跳跃着前进，边跑边跳 2 (of a ball etc.) recoil from a wall or the ground; bounce (球等)弹回，跳回，反弹 ●n.  1  a springy movement upwards or outwards; a leap (向上、向外)跳；跳跃 2  a bounce 弹回，反弹 □ by leaps and bounds   see 见 LEAP  [French bond, bondir (originally ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’), via Late Latin bombitare from Latin bombus ‘hum’]

bound2 /baʊnd/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a limitation; a restriction 限制，约束，限制范围  beyond the bounds of possibility  在可能发生的范围之外 2  a border of a territory; a boundary 边界，界线 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. in passive 尤用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by)  set bounds to; limit 为…定界限；限制  views bounded by prejudice  为偏见所局限的看法 2  be the boundary of 是…的界线，是…的边界 □ out of bounds   1  outside the part of a school etc. in which one is allowed to be 可自由出入的地界之外 2  beyond what is acceptable; forbidden 逾越限度，越规；被禁止 [Middle English via Anglo-French bounde, Old French bodne, bonde, etc., from medieval Latin bodina, earlier butina, of unknown origin]

bound3 /baʊnd/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  ready to start or having started 准备到…去的，正在到…去的；开往(或驶往)…的  bound for stardom  就要成为明星 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  moving in a specified direction 往…去的，赴…途中的  northbound  往北的 outward bound  向外的 [Middle English from Old Norse búinn, past part. of búa ‘get ready’: -d euphonic, or influenced by BIND]

bound4 /baʊnd/ past and past part.  of BIND  □ bound to   certain to 一定的，必然的  he's bound to come  他一定来

boundary /ˈbaʊnd(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a line marking the limits of an area, territory, etc. (地区、领土等的)分界线，边界，界限  the fence is the boundary  篱笆就是边界 boundary between liberty and licence  自由和放纵之间的界限 2 Cricket  a hit crossing the limits of the field, scoring 4 or 6 runs 【板球】击球超过边界线(得 4 分或 6 分) [dialect bounder from BOUND2 + -ER1, perhaps on the pattern of limitary]

boundary layer n.  a layer of more or less stationary fluid (e.g. water or air) immediately surrounding an immersed moving object (如水或空气所形成的)边界层

boundary rider n. Austral. & NZ  a person employed to ride round the fences etc. of a cattle or sheep station and keep them in good order [澳新]骑马巡视并修补牛羊牧场围栏(或栅栏等)的人

boundary umpire n. (in Australian Rules) an umpire on the sidelines who signals when the ball is out (澳大利亚橄榄球规则中的)边线裁判，边线员

bounden /ˈbaʊnd(ə)n/ adj. archaic  obligatory [古义]必须的；有责任的 [archaic past part. of BIND]

bounden duty n.  solemn responsibility 应尽的义务

bounder /ˈbaʊndə/ n. Brit. colloq. or joc.  an ill-bred or dishonourable person [英口] [诙]行为不端的人，无赖

boundless /ˈbaʊndlis/ adj.  unlimited; immense 无限的；无边无际的；巨大的  boundless enthusiasm  巨大的热情 □ boundlessly  adv.  □ boundlessness  n.  

bounteous /ˈbaʊntiəs/ adj. poet. [诗]  1  generous, liberal 慷慨的，大方的 2  freely given 丰富的，充裕的  bounteous affection  深深的爱慕之情 □ bounteously  adv.  □ bounteousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French bontif, from bonté BOUNTY, on the pattern of plenteous]

bountiful /ˈbaʊntifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  = BOUNTEOUS  2  ample 充足的 □ bountifully  adv.   [BOUNTY + -FUL]

bounty /ˈbaʊnti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  liberality; generosity 大方，慷慨 2  a gift or reward, made usu. by the State, esp. (通常由国家给予的)礼物(或酬金)，尤指 :a  a sum paid for a valiant act 赏金b  a sum paid to encourage a trading enterprise etc. (工商企业等的)奖金c  a sum paid to army or navy recruits on enlistment (陆、海军的)津贴 [Middle English via Old French bonté from Latin bonitas -tatis from bonus ‘good’]

bounty hunter n.  a person who pursues a criminal or seeks an achievement for the sake of the reward 为获得赏金而搜捕逃犯的人

bouquet /bʊˈkei, bəʊˈkei, ˈbʊkei/ n.  1  a bunch of flowers, esp. for carrying at a wedding or other ceremony (尤指婚礼或其他仪式上所用的)花束 2  the scent of wine etc. (酒等的)香味，芬芳 3  a favourable comment; a compliment 赞扬；恭维 [French (earlier = clump of trees) from dialect variant of Old French bos, bois ‘wood’]

bouquet garni /ˈɡɑ:ni/ n. (pl. bouquets garnis /bu:keiz ˈɡɑ:ni/)  a bunch of herbs used for flavouring stews etc. (用作炖肉等调料的)成束香料，烹调用香料 [French, literally ‘garnished bouquet’]

Bourbon /ˈbʊəbən/ n.  1 US  a reactionary [美]顽固反对革新的人；极端保守分子 2 Brit.  a chocolate-flavoured biscuit with a chocolate-cream filling [英]巧克力夹心饼干 [the Bourbon family, whose descendants founded dynasties in France and Spain]

bourbon /ˈbɜ:bən, ˈbʊə-/ n.  an American whiskey distilled from maize and rye 波旁威士忌酒(一种用玉米和黑麦酿制的美国威士忌酒) [Bourbon County, Kentucky, where first made]

bourdon /ˈbʊəd(ə)n/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a low-pitched stop in an organ or harmonium (管风琴或簧风琴的)波尔东低音音栓 2  the lowest bell in a peal of bells 一组钟琴中的最低音钟琴 3  the drone pipe of a bagpipe 风笛的低音管 [French, = bagpipe-drone, from Romanic: imitative]

bourgeois /ˈbʊəʒwɑ:/ adj. & n. often derog. [常贬] ●adj.  1  a  conventionally middle-class 中产阶级的，具有中产阶级保守特性的b  humdrum, unimaginative 平庸的，缺乏想像力的c  selfishly materialistic 追求物质享受的 2  upholding the interests of the capitalist class; non-communist 维护资产阶级利益的，资产阶级的，非共产主义的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a bourgeois person 中产阶级的一员；资产者，资产阶级分子 [French, earlier burgeis: see BURGESS]

bourgeoisie /bʊəʒwɑ:ˈzi:/ n.  1  the capitalist class 资产阶级 2  the middle class 中产阶级 [French]

bourn1 /bɔ:n, bʊən/ n.  a small stream 小溪，溪流 [Middle English: S. English variant of BURN2]

bourn2 /bɔ:n, bʊən/ n. (also 亦作 bourne) archaic [古义]  1  a goal; a destination 目标，目的；目的地 2  a limit 界限，范围 [French borne from Old French bodne BOUND2]

bourrée /bʊərei/ n.  1  a lively French dance like a gavotte 布列舞(一种轻快的法国民间舞蹈，类似加伏特舞) 2  the music for this dance 布列舞曲 [French]

bourse /bʊəs/ n.  1 (作 Bourse)  the Paris equivalent of the Stock Exchange 巴黎证券交易所 2  a money market 金融市场 [French, = purse, from medieval Latin bursa: see PURSE]

boustrophedon /baʊstrəˈfi:d(ə)n, bu:-/ adj. & adv. (of written words) from right to left and from left to right in alternate lines (书写文字)牛耕式转行书写法(一种由右至左，再由左至右互错成行的书写法) [Greek (adv.) = as an ox turns in ploughing from bous ‘ox’ + -strophos ‘turning’]

bout /baʊt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a  a limited period (of intensive work or exercise) (紧张的工作或运动)一段，一阵，一次，一场b  a drinking session 一次饮酒c  a period (of illness) (疾病的)发作(期)  a bout of flu  流行性感冒的发作 2  a  a wrestling or boxing match 摔跤(或拳击)比赛，较量b  a trial of strength 角力 [16th c.: apparently the same as obsolete bought ‘bending’; hence a ‘turn’ of work etc.]

boutique /bu:ˈti:k/ n.  a small shop or department of a store, selling (esp. fashionable) clothes or accessories (铺面不大、尤指出售时尚服饰的)精品店，时装屋 [French, = small shop, from Latin apotheca (as BODEGA)]

boutonnière /bu:tɒnˈjɛə/ n.  a spray of flowers worn in a buttonhole 别在纽扣孔上的花(束) [French, = buttonhole]

bouzouki /bʊˈzu:ki/ n.  a Greek form of mandolin 布祖基琴(一种希腊式曼多林) [modern Greek]

bovate /ˈbəʊveit/ n. hist.  a measure of land, as much as one ox could plough in a year, varying from 10 to 18 acres [史义]古英国土地面积单位(相当于一头牛一年能犁的土地，约 10 至 18 英亩) [medieval Latin bovata from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

bovine /ˈbəʊvain/ adj.  1  of or relating to cattle (有关)牛的 2  stupid, dull 迟钝的，呆头呆脑的 □ bovinely  adv.   [Late Latin bovinus from Latin bos bovis ‘ox’]

bovine spongiform encephalopathy  see 见 BSE 

Bovril /ˈbɒvril/ n. propr.  a concentrated essence of beef diluted with hot water to make a drink [商标]浓缩牛肉汁(可用热水冲成饮料) [Latin bos bovis ‘ox, cow’]

bovver /ˈbɒvə/ n. Brit. slang  deliberate trouble-making [英] [俚语]蓄意闹事，捣乱，街头打群架 [cockney pronunciation of BOTHER]

bovver boot n. Brit. slang  a heavy laced boot worn typically by skinheads [英] [俚语] (光头仔流氓打群架时穿的)街头钉靴

bovver boy n. Brit. slang  a violent hooligan [英] [俚语] (狂暴的)街头混混

bow1 /bəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a slip-knot with a double loop 蝴蝶结，环状装饰结b  a ribbon, shoelace, etc., tied with this 打成蝴蝶结的缎带(鞋带等)c  a decoration (on clothing, or painted etc.) in the form of a bow (衣服上或彩绘的)蝴蝶结形装饰 2  a device for shooting arrows with a taut string joining the ends of a curved piece of wood etc. (由弯曲木料等制成的)弓 3  a  a rod with horsehair stretched along its length, used for playing the violin, cello, etc. (小提琴、大提琴等)弦乐器的弓，琴弓b  a single stroke of a bow over strings (琴弓的)一拉 4  a  a shallow curve or bend 弧；弯曲b  a rainbow 虹 5  = SADDLE BOW  6  a metal ring forming the handle of scissors, a key, etc. (剪刀、钥匙等的)金属环状柄 7 US  the side piece of a spectacle frame [美]眼镜腿，眼镜框 8 Archery 【射箭】  = BOWMAN1  ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  use a bow on (a violin etc.) 用弓拉(小提琴等)  he bowed vigorously  他起劲地拉琴 □ have two (or many) strings to one's bow  Brit.  have (many) more than one resource [英]有两手(或多手)准备 [Old English boga ‘bow, arch’, from Germanic: related to BOW2]

bow2 /baʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  incline the head or trunk, esp. in greeting or assent or acknowledgement of applause 鞠躬，欠身(尤指表示欢迎、同意、感谢等) 2 intr.  submit 让步，屈服，服从  bowed to the inevitable  听天由命 3 tr.  cause to incline or submit 使低下，使弯曲；使屈服  bowed his head  低下头 bowed his will to hers  对她的意愿让步 4 tr.  express (thanks, assent, etc.) by bowing 鞠躬，点头(表示感谢、赞同等)  bowed agreement to the plan  点头对计划表示同意 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  usher or escort obsequiously 鞠躬引领  bowed us out of the restaurant  鞠躬把我们送出饭店 ●n.  an inclining of the head or body in greeting, assent, or in the acknowledgement of applause etc. 鞠躬，点头(表示欢迎、同意、感谢等) □ bow down   1  bend or kneel in submission or reverence 顶礼膜拜  bowed down before the king  向国王顶礼膜拜 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  make stoop; crush 压弯，压倒  was bowed down by care  被烦恼压倒了□ bow out   1  make one's exit (esp. formally) (尤指正式地)退出，离去 2  retreat, withdraw; retire gracefully (体面地)退避，撤出；退休□ make one's bow   make a formal exit or entrance (正式地)退出(或进入)□ take a bow   acknowledge applause 鞠躬答礼，鞠躬接受鼓掌 [Old English būgan, from Germanic: related to BOW1]

bow3 /baʊ/ n. Naut. 【海】  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the fore-end of a boat or a ship 艄，船头，舰首，飞艇的前缘部分 2  = BOWMAN2  □ on the bow   within 45° of the point directly ahead 在船头前方 45 度范围内□ shot across the bows   a warning 警告 [Low German boog, Dutch boeg, ‘ship's bow’, originally ‘shoulder’: related to BOUGH]

bow and scrape v. intr.  be obsequious; fawn 打躬作揖，奴颜婢膝

bow-compass n. (also 亦作 bow-compasses pl.)  compasses with jointed legs 弓形圆规

bowdlerize /ˈbaʊdləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  expurgate (a book etc.) 删节，删改(书等) □ bowdlerism  n.  □ bowdlerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [T. Bowdler (d. 1825), expurgator of Shakespeare]

bowel /ˈbaʊəl/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine 消化道；肠 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the depths; the innermost parts 深处，内部  the bowels of the earth  地球内部 [Middle English via Old French buel from Latin botellus ‘little sausage’]

bowel movement n.  1  discharge from the bowels; defecation 排泄，通便 2  the faeces discharged from the body 排泄物，粪便

bower1 /ˈbaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a secluded place, esp. in a garden, enclosed by foliage; an arbour (尤指花园中的)隐居处；树阴处；凉亭b  a summer house 避暑别墅 2 poet.  an inner room; a boudoir [诗]卧室，闺房 ●v. tr. poet.  embower [诗]使成为遮阴之处 [Old English būr, from Germanic]

bower2 /ˈbaʊə/ n. (in full 全称 bower-anchor) Naut.  either of two anchors (the best (starboard) or small (port) bower) carried at a ship's bow 【海】船首两锚中的任何一个 [BOW3 + -ER1]

bower3 /ˈbaʊə/ n.  either of two cards, the jack of trumps (the right bower) and the other jack of this colour (the left bower) at euchre and similar games (牌戏及类似牌戏中的)王牌 J ；其他花色中的 J [German Bauer ‘peasant, jack at cards’, related to Dutch boer: see BOOR]

bowerbird /ˈbaʊəbɜ:d/ n.  1  any of various birds of the family Ptilonorhynchidae, native to Australia and New Guinea, the males of which construct elaborate bowers of feathers, grasses, shells, etc. during courtship (造园鸟科)造园鸟(产于澳大利亚和新几内亚，雄鸟能在地面上用羽毛、草、贝壳等营造各种式样的凉亭以吸引雌鸟) 2 Austral. slang  a person who collects trivia or odds and ends [澳] [俚语]收集琐事(或零星物品)的人

bower-cable n.  the cable attached to a bower-anchor (see 见 BOWER2) 船首锚锚链

bowery /ˈbaʊəri/ n. (also 亦作 Bowery) (pl. -ies) US  a district known as a resort of drunks and down-and-outs [美]乞丐酒徒充斥的街区 [originally the Bowery, a street in New York City, from Dutch bouwerij ‘farm’]

bowfin /ˈbəʊfin/ n.  a voracious American freshwater fish, Amia calva 弓鳍鱼(一种贪食的美洲淡水鱼) [BOW1 + FIN]

bowhead /ˈbəʊhed/ n.  an Arctic whale, Balaena mysticetus 弓头鲸，北极露脊鲸 [BOW1 + HEAD]

bowie /ˈbəʊi/ n. (in full 全称 bowie knife)  a long knife with a blade double-edged at the point, used as a weapon by American pioneers 鲍伊猎刀(美国开拓者作为武器使用，刀尖为双刃的一种长刀) [J. Bowie, American soldier (d. 1836) who popularized it]

bowl1 /bəʊl/ n.  1  a  a usu. round deep basin used for food or liquid 碗，钵(通常圆而深)b  the quantity (of soup etc.) a bowl holds 一碗(或一钵汤等)的容量c  the contents of a bowl 一碗所装的东西 2  a  any deep-sided container shaped like a bowl 碗状物  lavatory bowl  抽水马桶的桶身b  the bowl-shaped part of a tobacco pipe, spoon, balance, etc. (烟斗的)斗，(匙、勺的)舀物部分，(天平等的)盘 3 Geog.  a natural basin 【地理】天然盆地 4  a esp. US  an amphitheatre or stadium, esp. in names [尤美]圆形剧场；椭圆形运动场(尤见诸于名称中)  Hollywood Bowl  好莱坞剧场b (in full 全称 bowl game) N. Amer.  an American football game played after the main season between leading college, professional, etc. teams [北美] (在主要大学或专业球队等之间进行的)橄榄球季后比赛 □ bowlful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English bolle, bolla, from Germanic]

bowl2 /bəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a wooden or hard rubber ball, slightly asymmetrical so that it runs on a curved course, used in the game of bowls (草地滚木球戏中所用的，重心略偏的)木球(或硬橡胶球)b  a wooden ball or disc used in playing skittles (撞柱戏中用的)木球(或木质圆盘)c  a large ball with indents for gripping, used in tenpin bowling (十柱滚木球戏中用的有手抓凹痕的)大圆球 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a  a game played with bowls on grass (see sense 1a 见释义 1a) 草地滚木球戏b Brit.  tenpin bowling [英]十柱滚木球戏c Brit.  skittles [英]撞柱戏 3  a spell or turn of bowling in cricket (板球中投球手的)一轮投球 ●v.  1  a tr.  roll (a ball, a hoop, etc.) along the ground 滚(球、铁环等)b intr.  play bowls or skittles 玩草地滚木球戏(或撞柱戏) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cricket etc. 【板球】  a  deliver (a ball, an over, etc.) 投(球、一轮球等)  bowled six overs  投了 6 轮球 bowled well  球投得好b (often foll. by 常后跟 out, for)  dismiss (a batsman or a side) by knocking down the wicket with a ball 用球击倒三柱门而使(击球手或一方)退场  bowled him out  把他杀出局 bowled for six  得 6 分后被判出局c (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  knock (a wicket) over 击倒(三柱门) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along)  go along rapidly by revolving, esp. on wheels (尤指用轮子)快速行驶，滚动  the cart bowled along the road  车在路上快速行驶 □ bowl out  Cricket  etc. dismiss (a batsman or a side) 【板球】(击中三柱门)迫使(击球员或一方)退场□ bowl over   1  knock down 弄倒，打翻 2 colloq. [口]  a  impress greatly 给…留下深刻印象b  overwhelm 使不知所措  bowled over by her energy  对她的精力大吃一惊 [Middle English & French boule from Latin bulla ‘bubble’]

bow-legs n. pl.  bandy legs 弓形腿，膝内翻 □ bow-legged  adj.  

bowler1 /ˈbəʊlə/ n.  1 Cricket  etc. a member of the fielding side who bowls or is bowling 【板球】投球手 2  a player at bowls 玩(草地)滚(木)球戏的人

bowler2 /ˈbəʊlə/ n. (in full 全称 bowler hat)  a man's hard felt hat with a round dome-shaped crown 圆顶硬礼帽 [Bowler, a hatter, who designed it in 1850]

bowler-hat v. tr. (-hatted, -hatting) Brit. slang  retire (a person) from the army etc. [英] [俚语]使(某人)被遣复员  he's been bowler-hatted  他复员了

bowline /ˈbəʊlin/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a rope attaching the weather side of a square sail to the bow 张帆索 2  a simple knot for forming a non-slipping loop at the end of a rope 不易松开的索环 [Middle English from Middle Low German bōlīne (as BOW3, LINE1)]

bowling /ˈbəʊliŋ/ n.  1 Bowls  the game of bowls as a sport or recreation 【球戏】地滚球戏，保龄球戏 2 Cricket  the delivery of the ball 【板球】投球 also 亦作 attrib.: bowling technique  投球技术

bowling alley n.  1  a long enclosure for skittles or tenpin bowling 撞球戏球道，十柱滚木球戏球槽 2  a building containing these 地滚球戏球场

bowling average n. Cricket  a bowler's conceded runs per wicket taken 【板球】投手得分率

bowling crease n. Cricket  the line from behind which a bowler delivers the ball 【板球】投球线

bowling green n.  a smooth green used for playing bowls 草地滚木球球场

bowman1 /ˈbəʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an archer 弓箭手

bowman2 /ˈbaʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the rower nearest the bow of esp. a racing boat 位于船首(尤指赛船)的划船队员，头桨手

bowsaw /ˈbəʊsɔ:/ n.  a narrow saw stretched like a bowstring on a light frame 弓锯

bowser /ˈbaʊzə/ n.  1 Brit.  a tanker used for fuelling aircraft etc., or for supplying water [英] (为飞机等加油或供水的)加油车 2 propr.  a petrol pump [商标]加油站油泵 [trade name]

bowshot /ˈbəʊʃɒt/ n.  the distance to which a bow can send an arrow 箭的射程，一箭之地

bowsprit /ˈbəʊsprit/ n. Naut.  a spar running out from a ship's bow to which the forestays are fastened 【海】船首斜桁 [Middle English from Germanic (as BOW3, SPRIT)]

Bow Street runner /ˈbəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Bow Street officer) hist.  a London policeman [史义]伦敦警察 [Bow Street in London, containing the chief metropolitan police court]

bowstring /ˈbəʊstriŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  the string of an archer's bow 弓弦 ●v. tr.  strangle with a bowstring (a former Turkish method of execution) (用弓弦)勒死，绞死(昔时土耳其的一种处死犯人的方法)

bow tie n.  a necktie in the form of a bow (see 见 BOW1 n. 1a) 蝴蝶结领结

bow wave n.  a wave set up at the bows of a moving ship or in front of a body moving through a fluid (船在航行时)船首两侧的浪花

bow window n.  a curved bay window 圆肚窗，凸肚窗

bow-wow int. & n. ●int. /baʊˈwaʊ/  an imitation of a dog's bark 汪汪的叫声，模仿狗的叫声 ●n. /ˈbaʊwaʊ/  1 colloq.  a dog [口]狗 2  a dog's bark 狗叫声 [imitative]

bowyang /bəʊjæŋ/ n. Austral. & NZ  either of a pair of bands or straps worn round the trouser legs below the knee [澳新]扎裤脚的带子 [origin unknown]

bowyer /ˈbəʊjə/ n.  a maker or seller of archers' bows 制造(或卖)弓的人

box1 /bɒks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container, usu. with flat sides and of firm material such as wood or card, esp. for holding solids (尤指盛装固体的)箱，盒，匣(通常各边扁平) 2  a  the amount that will fill a box 一箱(或一盒、一匣)的容量b Brit. [英]  = CHRISTMAS BOX  3  a separate compartment for any of various purposes, e.g. for a small group in a theatre, for witnesses in a law court, for horses in a stable or vehicle 隔间(如戏院里的包厢、法院里的证人席、马厩或车辆中供马活动的分隔间) 4  an enclosure or receptacle for a special purpose (有专门用途的)隔开空间 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : money box  钱箱 telephone box  公用电话亭 5  a facility at a newspaper office for receiving replies to an advertisement (报社内所设的)应征(或应聘)来函信插 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  television; one's television set [口]电视；电视机  what's on the box?  电视上在演什么节目？ 7  an enclosed area or space 封闭的区域(或空间) 8  a space or area of print on a page, enclosed by a border (印刷品中的)加框文字 9 Brit.  a small country house for use when shooting or fishing, or for other sporting activity [英] (打猎、捕鱼或其他运动用的)野外小棚屋 10  a protective casing for a piece of mechanism 箱式保护外壳，护箱 11 Brit.  a light shield for protecting the genitals in sport, esp. in cricket [英] (尤指板球运动员使用的)下体护身 12 (prec. by 前接 the) Football colloq.  the penalty area 【足球】[口]罚球区 13 Baseball  the area occupied by the batter or the pitcher 【棒球】击球员(投手)所处的区域 14  a coachman's seat (马车的)驭者座 ●v. tr.  1  put in or provide with a box 把…装箱，把…置于盒内 2 (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  confine; restrain from movement 限制，不让…活动 3 (foll. by 后跟 up) Austral. & NZ  mix up (different flocks of sheep) [澳新]使(不同的羊群)混杂 □ box the compass  Naut.  recite the points of the compass in the correct order 【海】依次列举罗盘方位□ boxful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ boxlike  adj.   [Old English via Late Latin buxis from Latin PYXIS: ultimately from Greek puxos BOX3]

box2 /bɒks/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  fight (an opponent) at boxing 和(对手)进行拳击b intr.  practise boxing 拳击，打拳 2 tr.  slap (esp. a person's ears) 打(尤指打某人的耳光) ●n.  a slap with the hand, esp. on the ears 一巴掌(尤指一记耳光) □ box clever  Brit. colloq.  act in a clever or effective way [英口]举动利落，做事聪明 [Middle English: origin unknown]

box3 /bɒks/ n.  1 (also 亦作 box tree)  an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Buxus, esp. B. sempervirens, a slow-growing tree with glossy dark green leaves which is often used in hedging 黄杨属植物(尤指锦熟黄杨) 2  its wood, used for carving, turning, engraving, etc. 黄杨木(用于雕刻、车削、雕版等) 3  any of various trees in Australasia which have similar wood or foliage, esp. those of several species of Eucalyptus 澳大拉西亚一种类似的树 4  = BOXWOOD  [Old English from Latin buxus, Greek puxos]

Box and Cox /bɒks(ə)nd ˈkɒks/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  two persons sharing accommodation etc., and using it at different times (住宿等)以轮流办法同住一室的两人 ●v. intr.  share accommodation, duties, etc. by a strictly timed arrangement 以轮流使用的办法同住一室(轮流值班等) [the names of characters in a play (1847) by J. M. Morton]

box camera n.  a simple box-shaped hand camera (结构简单的)方镜箱照相机

boxcar /ˈbɒkskɑ:/ n. N. Amer.  an enclosed railway goods wagon, usu. with sliding doors on the sides [北美] (铁路上用的)棚车，货车车箱(通常边上有推拉门)

box elder n.  the American ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo (北美)梣叶槭

Boxer /ˈbɒksə/ n. hist.  a member of a fiercely nationalistic Chinese secret society that flourished in the 19th c. [史义]义和团团员(义和团为中国的一个秘密团体，具有强烈的民族主义意识，盛行于 19 世纪) [translation of Chinese yì hé quɑˊn, literally ‘righteous harmony fists’]

boxer /ˈbɒksə/ n.  1  a person who practises boxing, esp. for sport (尤指体育运动中的)拳击运动员 2  a  a medium sized dog of a breed with a smooth brown coat and puglike face 斗拳狗b  this breed 斗拳狗种

boxer shorts n. pl.  men's underpants similar to shorts (男人穿的)短衬裤，拳击裤

box girder n.  a hollow girder square in cross-section (截面为正方形的)箱形梁

boxing /ˈbɒksiŋ/ n.  the practice of fighting with the fists, esp. in padded gloves as a sport (尤指戴拳击手套的)拳击，拳术

Boxing Day /ˈbɒksiŋ/ n.  the first day (strictly, the first weekday) after Christmas 节礼日(严格而言为圣诞节后的第一个周日) [from the custom of giving tradesmen a Christmas box on this day]

boxing glove n.  each of a pair of heavily padded gloves used in boxing 拳击手套

boxing weight n.  each of a series of fixed weight ranges at which boxers are matched (根据运动员体重划分的)拳击等级

box junction n. Brit.  a road area at a junction marked with a yellow grid, which a vehicle should enter only if its exit from it is clear [英] (遇红灯时车辆不得驶入的)路口方形黄线区域

box kite n.  a kite in the form of a long box open at each end 箱形风筝

box number n.  a number by which replies are made to a private advertisement in a newspaper (回答报纸中私人广告用的)信箱号码

box office n.  1  an office for booking seats and buying tickets at a theatre, cinema, etc. (戏院、电影院等的)票房，售票处 2  the commercial aspect of the arts and entertainment 票房收入 often 常作 attrib.: a box-office failure  票房收入低

box pleat n.  a pleat consisting of two parallel creases forming a raised band 箱形褶裥

boxroom /ˈbɒksru:m, -rʊm/ n. Brit.  a small room or large cupboard esp. for storing boxes, cases, etc. [英] (尤指放箱子、盒子等杂物的)储藏室

box spanner n. Brit.  a spanner with a box-shaped end fitting over the head of a nut [英]套筒扳手

box spring n.  each of a set of vertical springs housed in a frame, e.g. in a mattress (如床垫中的)竖式弹簧，坐簧

boxwood /ˈbɒkswʊd/ n.  1  the wood of the box tree, used esp. by engravers for the fineness of its grain and for its hardness (尤指雕刻家使用的)黄杨木 2  the tree itself 黄杨树

boxy /ˈbɒksi/ adj. (boxier, boxiest)  1  resembling a box; (of a room or space) very cramped 盒形的，箱形的；(房间、空间)狭窄的 2 (of recorded sound) restricted in tone (录音)音色不丰满的，闷在箱子里似的

boy /bɔi/ n. & int. ●n.  1  a male child or youth 男孩，男青年 2  a young man, esp. regarded as not yet mature (尤指不够成熟的)小伙子 3  a male servant, attendant, etc. 侍者，男佣人(男仆等) 4 (the boys) colloq.  a group of men mixing socially [口] (尤指有共同兴趣的)一群男人 ●int. (also 亦作 oh boy)  expressing pleasure, surprise, etc. (表示欣喜、惊奇等)好家伙 □ boyhood  n.  □ boyish  adj.  □ boyishly  adv.  □ boyishness  n.   [Middle English = servant, perhaps ultimately from Latin boia ‘fetter’]

boyar /bəʊˈjɑ:/ n. hist.  a member of the old aristocracy in Russia [史义]波雅尔(沙俄旧贵族阶层的成员) [Russian boyarin ‘grandee’]

boycott /ˈbɔikɒt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  combine in refusing social or commercial relations with (a person, group, country, etc.) usu. as punishment or coercion (联合起来)抵制(个人、团体或国家)；拒绝与…做交易(或来往) 2  refuse to handle (goods) to this end 抵制(货物) ●n.  such a refusal (联合)抵制 [Capt. C. C. Boycott, Irish land agent d. 1897, so treated from 1880]

boyfriend /ˈbɔifrend/ n.  a person's regular male companion or lover 男朋友，情人

Boyle's law /ˈbɔilz/ n.  the law that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature 波意耳定律(恒温下气体体积与压力成反比) [Robert Boyle, Irish scientist d. 1691]

boyo /ˈbɔiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Welsh & Ir. colloq.  boy, fellow (esp. as a form of address) [威尔士和爱尔兰] [口]男孩，小伙子，家伙(尤指作为称呼)

Boy Scout n.  = SCOUT1n. 4 

boysenberry /ˈbɔiz(ə)nberi, -s-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hybrid of several species of bramble 博伊森莓(一种杂交莓) 2  the large red edible fruit of this plant 博伊森莓又大又红的果实 [R. Boysen (d. 1950), American horticulturalist who developed it]

boys in blue n. pl. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  policemen; the police 警察

bozo /ˈbəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. N. Amer. slang  a stupid or insignificant person [尤北美] [俚语]愚蠢而无足轻重的人，笨蛋 [20th c.: origin unknown]

BP abbr. [缩略]  1  boiling point 沸点 2  blood pressure 血压 3  before the present (era) 以前 4  British Petroleum 英国石油公司 5  British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典

Bp. abbr.  Bishop [缩略] (基督教的)主教；(国际象棋中的)象

BPC abbr.  British Pharmaceutical Codex [缩略]英国药物处方书

B.Phil. abbr.  Bachelor of Philosophy [缩略]哲学学士

bpi abbr. Computing  bits per inch [缩略]【计算】位 / 英寸

B picture n.  = B MOVIE 

bpS abbr. Computing  bits per second [缩略]【计算】位 / 秒

Bq abbr. [缩略]  becquerel 

BR abbr.  British Rail [缩略]英国铁路公司

Br symb. Chem.  the element bromine [符]【化】(化学元素)溴

Br. abbr. [缩略]  1  British  2  Brother (不担任圣职但代表教会服务于医院、学校等处的)教会在俗人员

bra /brɑ:/ n. (pl. bras)  an undergarment worn by women to support the breasts 乳罩，胸罩 □ braless  adj.   [abbreviation of BRASSIERE]

brace /breis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device that clamps or fastens tightly 托架，支架，扣件b  a strengthening piece of iron or timber in building (建筑物中铁或木的)撑柱，拉条 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  straps supporting trousers from the shoulders [英] (裤子的)背带 3  a wire device for straightening the teeth 畸齿矫正钢丝架，牙箍 4 (pl. same 单复同)  a pair (esp. of game) 一对，一双(尤指猎物) 5  a rope attached to the yard of a ship for trimming the sail 帆桁上调节帆用的牵索 6  a  a connecting mark { or } used in printing 印刷中使用的大括弧(即 { 或 })b Mus.  a similar mark connecting staves to be performed at the same time 【音】连谱号(连接同时演奏的谱表音符) ●v. tr.  1  fasten tightly, give firmness to 支撑，加固，使绷紧 2  make steady by supporting 使牢置，使稳扎 3 (esp. as 尤作 bracing adj.)  invigorate, refresh 激动(的)，振奋(的) 4 (often 常作 refl.)  prepare for a difficulty, shock, etc. (对困难、冲突等)使防备，作好准备 □ bracingly  adv.  □ bracingness  n.   [Middle English via Old French brace ‘two arms’, bracier ‘embrace’, from Latin bra(c)chia ‘arms’]

brace and bit n.  a revolving tool with a D-shaped central handle for boring 手摇曲柄钻

bracelet /ˈbreislit/ n.  1  an ornamental band, hoop, or chain worn on the wrist or arm 手镯，臂镯 2 slang  a handcuff [俚语]手铐 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of bracel, from Latin bracchiale from bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

bracer /ˈbreisə/ n. colloq.  a tonic, esp. an alcoholic drink [口] (尤指含酒精的)滋补药

brachial /ˈbreikiəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to the arm (有关)臂的，(有关)肱的  brachial artery  肱动脉 2  like an arm 臂状的 [Latin brachialis from bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

brachiate v. & adj. ●v. intr. /ˈbrækieit/ (of certain apes and monkeys) move by using the arms to swing from branch to branch (某些猿、猴等)用臂吊荡树枝前进 ●adj. /ˈbrækiət, ˈbreik-/ Biol. 【生】  1  having arms 有臂的 2  having paired branches on alternate sides 有交互对枝的 □ brachiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ brachiator  n.   [Latin bra(c)chium ‘arm’]

brachiopod /ˈbrækiəpɒd/ n.  a marine invertebrate of the phylum Brachiopoda, having a ciliated feeding arm and a two-valved shell, often found fossilized Also called 亦称作 lamp shell 腕足动物 [modern Latin from Greek brakhiōn ‘arm’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

brachiosaurus /brækiəˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  any huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Brachiosaurus with forelegs longer than its hind legs 长臂龙(一种大型的食草恐龙，前肢长于后肢) [modern Latin from Greek brakhiōn ‘arm’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

brachistochrone /brəˈkistəkrəʊn/ n.  a curve between two points along which a body can move in a shorter time than for any other curve 最速降线，捷线 [Greek brakhistos ‘shortest’ + khronos ‘time’]

brachy- /ˈbræki/ comb. form  short [构词成分]短的 [Greek brakhus ‘short’]

brachycephalic /ˌbrækisiˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. Anthropol.  having a broad short head 【人】宽短头型的，圆头型的 □ brachycephalous  /brækiˈsefələs, -kef-/ adj.   [BRACHY- + Greek kephalē ‘head’]

brachylogy /brəˈkilədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  over-conciseness of expression (语言的)简明精炼 2  an instance of this 简略表达

brack /bræk/ n. Ir.  cake or bread containing dried fruit etc. [爱尔兰] (含水果干等的)果子面包 [abbreviation of BARMBRACK]

bracken /ˈbræk(ə)n/ n.  1  any large coarse fern, esp. Pteridium aquilinum, abundant on heaths and moorlands, and in woods also called 亦称作 brake 欧洲蕨 2  a mass of such ferns 蕨丛 [northern Middle English from Old Norse]

bracket /ˈbrækit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a right-angled or other support attached to and projecting from a vertical surface (直角或突出于垂直平面的)支架，托座 2  a shelf fixed with such a support to a wall (由托架支承的)小壁架 3  each of a pair of marks () [] { }  used to enclose words or figures (圆、方、大、尖)括号 4  a group classified as containing similar elements or falling between given limits 等级，类别；阶层  income bracket  收入阶层 5 Mil.  the distance between two artillery shots fired either side of the target to establish range 【军】夹叉射击 ●v. tr. (bracketed, bracketing)  1  a  couple (names etc.) with a bracket 把(名字等)放入括弧内b  imply a connection or equality between 将…相提并论，把…归入同一类 2  a  enclose in brackets as parenthetic or spurious 把…置于括弧内(作为插入或谬误成分)b Math.  enclose in brackets as having specific relations to what precedes or follows 【数】用括号括起(与前后有特殊关系的成分) 3 Mil.  establish the range of (a target) by firing two preliminary shots one short of and the other beyond it 【军】对(目标)进行夹叉射击 [French braguette or Spanish bragueta ‘codpiece, bracket, corbel’, diminutive of French brague ‘mortice’, pl. ‘breeches’ via Provençal braga from Latin braca, pl. bracae ‘breeches’]

bracket fungus n.  a fungus forming shelf-like projections on tree trunks etc. (树干等上的)檐状菌

brackish /ˈbrækiʃ/ adj. (of water etc.) slightly salty (水等)微咸的，略含盐分的 □ brackishness  n.   [obsolete brack (adj.) from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch brac]

bract /brækt/ n. Bot.  a modified and often brightly coloured leaf, with a flower or an inflorescence in its axil 【植】苞(片) □ bracteal  adj.  □ bracteate  /-tiət/ adj.   [Latin bractea ‘thin plate, gold leaf’]

Brad /bræd/   布拉德 [人名]

brad /bræd/ n.  a thin, flat, small-headed nail 角钉，平头钉 [variant of Middle English brod ‘goad, pointed instrument’, from Old Norse broddr ‘spike’]

bradawl /ˈbrædɔ:l/ n.  a small tool with a pointed end for boring holes by hand 打眼钻，锥钻 [BRAD + AWL]

Bradford /ˈbrædfəd/   布拉德福德 [人名]

bradycardia /brædiˈkɑ:diə/ n. Med.  abnormally slow heart action 【医】心动过缓 [Greek bradus ‘slow’ + kardia ‘heart’]

brae /brei/ n. Sc.  a steep bank or hillside [苏格兰]陡岸；山坡，山腰 [Middle English from Old Norse brɑˊ ‘eyelash’: related to German Braue ‘eyebrow’: cf. BROW]

brag /bræɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (bragged, bragging)  1 intr.  talk boastfully 吹嘘，吹牛 2 tr.  boast about 夸说，夸耀 ●n.  1  a card game like poker 勃莱格牌戏(一种类似扑克的纸牌戏) 2  a boastful statement; boastful talk 夸耀之词；大话，牛皮 □ bragger  n.  □ braggingly  adv.   [Middle English, originally adj., = spirited, boastful: origin unknown]

braggadocio /bræɡəˈdəʊtʃiəʊ/ n.  empty boasting; a boastful manner of speech and behaviour 自夸，吹牛；傲慢 [Braggadochio, a braggart in Spenser's Faerie Queene, from BRAG or BRAGGART + Italian augmentative suffix -occio]

braggart /ˈbræɡət, -ɑ:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to bragging 自夸者，吹牛者 ●adj.  boastful 自夸的，吹牛的 [French bragard from braguer BRAG]

Brahma /ˈbrɑ:mə/ n.  1  the creator god in Hinduism 婆罗贺摩，梵天(印度教的创始神) 2  = BRAHMAN 2  [Sanskrit, nominative of brahman ‘priest’]

Brahman /ˈbrɑ:mən/ n. (also 亦作 brahman) (pl. -mans)  1  a member of the highest Hindu caste, the priesthood caste 婆罗门(印度种姓等级中最高等级)的一员，(印度)僧侣贵族的一员 2  the supreme being or ground of the universe in the Hindu scriptures 梵(印度教圣经中宇宙中最高的存在或境界) □ Brahmanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.  □ Brahmanical  /-ˈmænik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Brahmanism  n.   [Sanskrit brɑˉhmana from brahman ‘priest’]

brahmaputra /brɑ:məˈpu:trə/ n. (also 亦作 brahma)  1  any bird of a large Asian breed of domestic fowl 布拉马普特拉鸡(一种大型的亚洲家禽) 2  this breed 布拉马普特拉鸡种 [river Brahmaputra in India, from where it was brought]

Brahmin /ˈbrɑ:min/ n.  1  = BRAHMAN 1  2  a socially or culturally superior person, esp. from New England (尤指来自新英格兰的)文人雅士，上流社会的高雅之士，有学问有教养的人 [variant of BRAHMAN]

braid /breid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a woven band of silk or thread used for edging or trimming (镶边或装饰用的)丝(线)编织的带子 2  a length of entwined hair 发辫 ●v. tr.  1  plait or intertwine (hair or thread) 把(头发)编成辫子；把(线)编成带子 2  trim or decorate with braid 用丝带镶缀 [Old English bregdan, from Germanic]

braiding /ˈbreidiŋ/ n.  1  various types of braid collectively (总称)各种编缏带 2  braided work 编织物

brail /breil/ n. & v. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  small ropes on the sides of fore-and-aft sails for trussing them before furling 卷帆索 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  haul up (sails) using brails 用卷帆索卷(帆) [Middle English via Old French brai(el) from medieval Latin bracale ‘girdle’]

Braille /breil/ n. & v. ●n.  a system of writing and printing for the blind, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots 布拉耶点字法，盲文(供盲人书写和印刷用的凸点符号) ●v. tr.  print or transcribe in Braille 用布拉耶点字法印刷，把…译成布拉耶盲字 [L. Braille, French teacher (d. 1852), inventor of the system]

brain /brein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating centre of sensation, and of intellectual and nervous activity 脑 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the substance of the brain, esp. as food 脑浆(尤指作为菜肴) 3  a  a person's intellectual capacity 脑袋；智力  has a poor brain  脑袋不好使b (often in pl. 常用复数)  intelligence; high intellectual capacity 智慧，天赋  has a brain  有头脑 has brains  聪慧 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq. [口]  a  the cleverest person in a group 极聪明的人，智者b  a person who originates a complex plan or idea 策划组织者，智囊  the brains behind the robbery  抢劫的幕后策划者 5  an electronic device with functions comparable to those of a brain 电脑，计算机 ●v. tr.  1  dash out the brains of 砸出…的脑浆 2  strike hard on the head 重击…的头 □ on the brain  colloq.  obsessively in one's thoughts [口]萦绕于脑际，念念不忘于，热衷于 [Old English brœgen, from West Germanic]

brainbox /ˈbreinbɒks/ n. colloq.  a clever person [口]聪明人

brainchild /ˈbreintʃaild/ n. (pl. -children) colloq.  an idea, plan, or invention regarded as the result of a person's mental effort [口]智力产儿(指构思、计划、发明)

brain coral n.  a compact coral with a convoluted surface resembling that of the brain 脑珊瑚

brain damage n.  injury to the brain (permanently) impairing its functions (永久性的)脑损伤 □ brain-damaged  adj.  

brain-dead adj.  1  having suffered brain death 脑死亡的 2 colloq. derog.  feeble-minded; lacking any vitality [口] [贬]弱智的；缺乏活力的

brain death n.  irreversible brain damage causing the end of independent respiration, regarded as indicative of death 脑死亡(不可逆转的脑损伤，导致丧失自主呼吸能力，预示着死亡)

brain drain n. colloq.  the loss of academics and skilled personnel by emigration [口]人才外流

brain fever n.  inflammation of the brain 脑炎；脑脊膜炎

brainless /ˈbreinlis/ adj.  stupid, foolish 愚蠢的，没有头脑的

brainpan /ˈbreinpæn/ n. colloq.  the skull [口]脑壳，头盖骨

brainpower /ˈbreinpaʊə/ n.  mental ability or intelligence 脑力，智能

brainstem /ˈbreinstem/ n.  the central trunk of the brain, upon which the cerebrum and cerebellum are set, and which continues downwards to form the spinal cord 脑干

brainstorm /ˈbreinstɔ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent or excited outburst often as a result of a sudden mental disturbance 脑(病)猝发 2 colloq.  mental confusion [口]神智不清，一时糊涂 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = BRAINWAVE 2  4 (also 亦作 brainstorming session)  a concerted intellectual treatment of a problem by discussing spontaneous ideas about it 集思广议；献计献策 ●v. intr.  engage in a brainstorming session 集体自由讨论，献计献策 □ brainstorming  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  

brains trust n. Brit.  a group of experts who give impromptu answers to questions, usu. publicly [英] (通常当众即席回答问题的)专家小组，智囊团

brain-teaser n. (also 亦作 brain-twister) colloq.  a puzzle or problem [口]测试机敏程度的难题，难以理解的问题

brain trust n. US  a group of expert advisers [美]智囊团，顾问班子

brainwash /ˈbreinwɒʃ/ v. tr.  subject (a person) to a prolonged process by which ideas other than and at variance with those already held are implanted in the mind 对(某人)实行洗脑，把思想强行灌输给(某人) □ brainwashing  n.  

brainwave /ˈbreinweiv/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an electrical impulse in the brain 脑电波 2 colloq.  a sudden bright idea [口]突然想到的好主意(好办法)；灵感

brainy /ˈbreini/ adj. (brainier, brainiest)  intellectually clever or active 有才能的，聪明的，思想活跃的，机敏的 □ brainily  adv.  □ braininess  n.  

braise /breiz/ v. tr.  fry lightly and then stew slowly with a little liquid in a closed container (用文火)炖，焖，煨 [French braiser from braise ‘live coals’, among which the container was formerly placed]

brake1 /breik/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a device for checking the motion of a mechanism, esp. a wheel or vehicle, or for keeping it at rest (尤指使轮子、车辆停止运动的)闸，制动器，刹车 2  anything that has the effect of hindering or impeding 起抑制作用的因素，约束  shortage of money was a brake on their enthusiasm  缺钱抑制了他们的积极性 ●v.  1 intr.  apply a brake 用闸，用刹车 2 tr.  retard or stop with a brake 刹住，用闸使减速(或停住) [probably obsolete brake in sense ‘machine-handle, bridle’]

brake2 /breik/ n. Brit.  a large estate car [英]大型客货两用轿车，大旅行车 [variant of BREAK2]

brake3 /breik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a toothed instrument used for crushing flax and hemp (亚麻、大麻等的)碎茎机，麻梳 2 (in full 全称 brake harrow)  a heavy kind of harrow for breaking up large lumps of earth 重型耙 ●v. tr.  crush (flax or hemp) by beating it 将(亚麻、大麻)揉碎成纤维 [Middle English, related to BREAK1]

brake4 /breik/ n.  1  a thicket 灌木丛 2  brushwood 杂木林，荆棘 [Old English bracu, related to Middle Low German brake ‘branch, stump’]

brake5 /breik/ n.  bracken 欧洲蕨 [Middle English, perhaps shortened from BRACKEN, -en being taken as a pl. ending]

brake6 archaic [古义] past  of BREAK1 

brake block n.  1  a block (usu. of hardened rubber) which is applied to a bicycle wheel as a brake 自行车闸瓦(通常为硬橡胶) 2  a block used to hold a brake shoe 制动器

brake disc n.  a disc attached to a wheel on which the brake pad presses to brake 制动圆盘

brake drum n.  a cylinder attached to a wheel on which the brake shoe presses to brake 制动鼓，闸鼓

brake fluid n.  fluid used in a hydraulic brake system 制动液；刹车油

brake harrow  see 见 BRAKE3 n. 2 

brake horsepower n.  the power of an engine reckoned in terms of the force needed to brake it 制动马力

brake lining n.  a strip of fabric attached to a brake shoe to increase its friction 制动衬面

brakeman /ˈbreikmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 US  a railway worker responsible for maintenance of a train on a journey [美] (火车上的)维修工 2  a person in charge of brakes 司闸员，制动手 [BRAKE1 + MAN]

brake pad n.  a block which presses on the brake disc when brakes are applied 制动块

brake shoe n.  a long curved block which presses on the brake drum when brakes are applied 制动瓦，闸瓦

brakesman /ˈbreiksmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  = BRAKEMAN 2 

brakevan /ˈbreikvæn/ n. Brit.  a railway coach or vehicle from which the train's brakes can be controlled [英] (火车上的)司闸车，守车

bramble /ˈbræmb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various thorny shrubs of the rose family bearing fleshy red or black berries, esp. the blackberry bush, Rubus fructicosus 悬钩子属植物(尤指黑莓丛) 2 Brit.  the edible berry of these shrubs [英] (可食用的)黑莓果 3  any of various other shrubs of the rose family with similar foliage, esp. the dog rose, Rosa canina 有刺灌木(尤指犬蔷薇) ●v. intr.  gather blackberries 采集黑莓  go brambling  去采黑莓 □ brambly  adj.   [Old English brœmbel (earlier brœˉmel), from the Germanic base of BROOM]

brambling /ˈbræmbliŋ/ n.  a northern Eurasian finch, Fringilla montifringilla, which has brightly coloured plumage with a white rump 燕雀(生长于欧亚大陆北部，长有艳丽羽毛，腰白色) [origin uncertain, perhaps related to German Brɑ¨mling from West Germanic]

Bramley /ˈbræmli/ n. (pl. -eys) (in full 全称 Bramley's seedling)  a large green variety of cooking apple (供烹食用的)绿色大苹果 [M. Bramley, English butcher in whose garden it is said to have first grown c. 1850]

bran /bræn/ n.  grain husks separated from the flour 糠，麸皮 [Middle English from Old French, of unknown origin]

branch /brɑ:n(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a limb extending from a tree or bough 树枝，分枝 2  a lateral extension or subdivision, esp. of a river, road, or railway (尤指河流、道路、铁路的)支流；支路；支线 3  a conceptual extension or subdivision, as of a family, knowledge, a subject, etc. (家族的)支系；(知识的)分类；(学科等的)分科 4  a local division or office etc. of a large business, as of a bank, library, etc. (公司的)分部；(银行的)分行；(图书馆等的)分馆 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  1  diverge from the main part 分叉，分岔 2  divide into branches 分支 3 (of a tree) bear or send out branches (树木)发枝，出枝 □ branch out   extend one's field of interest 扩大(兴趣范围)□ branched  adj.  □ branchlet  n.  □ branchlike  adj.  □ branchy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French branche from Late Latin branca ‘paw’]

branchia /ˈbræŋkiə/ n. pl. (also 亦作 branchiae /-kii:/)  gills 鳃 □ branchial  adj.  □ branchiate  /-kiət, -kieit/ adj.   [Latin branchia, pl. -ae, from Greek bragkhia pl.]

brand /brænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a particular make of goods 商品的牌子；商标b (in full 全称 brand name)  an identifying trade mark, label, etc. 认可的商标(牌子等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a special or characteristic kind 特殊(或独特)的种类  brand of humour  别具一格的幽默 3  an identifying mark burned on livestock or (formerly) prisoners etc. with a hot iron (牲畜身上表明所属的)火印； (从前囚犯等身上的)烙印 4  an iron used for this 烙铁 5  a piece of burning, smouldering, or charred wood 燃烧(冒烟或烧焦)的木头 6  a stigma; a mark of disgrace 污名；耻辱的标记 7 poet. [诗]  a  a torch 火炬b  a sword 剑 8  a kind of blight, leaving leaves with a burnt appearance (叶子的)黑粉病 ●v. tr.  1  mark with a hot iron 打烙印于 2  stigmatize; mark with disgrace 加污名于，给…抹黑  they branded him a liar  他们给他加上说谎者的罪名 was branded for life  终生蒙受耻辱 3  impress unforgettably on one's mind 铭刻于 4  assign a trade mark or label to 加商标于 □ brander  n.   [Old English, from Germanic]

brandish /ˈbrændiʃ/ v. tr.  wave or flourish as a threat or in display 威胁地挥动；炫耀地挥舞 □ brandisher  n.   [Old French brandir, ultimately from Germanic, related to BRAND]

brand leader n.  the leading or best-selling product of its type 名牌产品；热销产品

brandling /ˈbrændliŋ/ n.  a red earthworm, Eisenia foetida, with rings of a brighter colour, which is often found in manure and used as bait (用作钓饵的)红纹小蚯蚓 [BRAND + -LING1]

brand name n.  1  see 见 BRAND 1b  2  a product with an identifying trade mark, label, etc. 品牌(商标等)

brand new adj.  completely or obviously new 崭新的；全新的

brandy /ˈbrændi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a strong alcoholic spirit distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice 白兰地酒 [earlier brand(e)wine from Dutch brandewijn ‘burnt (distilled) wine’]

brandy ball n. Brit.  a kind of brandy-flavoured sweet [英]白兰地酒味糖

brandy butter n. Brit.  a rich sweet hard sauce made with brandy, butter, and sugar [英] (用白兰地、黄油和糖制成的)白兰地黄油

brandy snap n.  a crisp rolled gingerbread wafer usu. filled with cream 酒味姜汁脆饼(通常夹奶油)

brank-ursine /bræŋkˈɜ:sin/ n.  = BEAR'S BREECH  [French branche ursine, medieval Latin branca ursina ‘bear's claw’: see BRANCH, URSINE]

brant US var.  of BRENT [美] BRENT 的变体

bran tub n. Brit.  a lucky dip with prizes concealed in bran [英]摸彩桶(里面装满麸皮，内藏礼物)

brash1 /bræʃ/ adj.  1  vulgarly or ostentatiously self-assertive 不雅的；自以为是的 2  hasty, rash 性急的，鲁莽的 3  impudent 无礼的，粗鲁的 □ brashly  adv.  □ brashness  n.   [originally dialect, perhaps from RASH1]

brash2 /bræʃ/ n.  1  loose broken rock or ice 碎石堆，碎冰堆 2  clippings from hedges, shrubs, etc. (修剪下篱笆、灌木等的)树枝堆 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Brasilia /brəˈziljə/ n.  巴西利亚 [巴西首都]

brass /brɑ:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a yellow alloy of copper and zinc 黄铜(铜锌合金) 2  a  an ornament or other decorated piece of brass 黄铜饰品b  brass objects collectively (总称)黄铜制品 3 Mus.  brass wind instruments (including trumpet, horn, trombone) forming a band or a section of an orchestra 【音】铜管乐器(包括喇叭、号、长号) 4 Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 5 (in full 全称 horse brass)  a round flat brass ornament for the harness of a draught horse 黄铜马饰 6 (in full 全称 top brass) colloq.  persons in authority or of high (esp. military) rank [口]高级官员； (尤指部队的)高级军官 7 Brit.  an inscribed or engraved memorial tablet of brass [英] (雕刻的)黄铜纪念牌 8 colloq.  effrontery [口]厚脸皮，厚颜  then had the brass to demand money  然后厚着脸皮要钱 9  a brass block or die used for making a design on a book binding (用于书籍装订设计的)铜版 ●adj.  made of brass 黄铜制的 □ brassed off  Brit. slang  fed up [英] [俚语]厌烦的□ not a brass farthing  colloq.  no money or assets at all [口]身无分文 [Old English brœs, of unknown origin]

brassard /ˈbræsɑ:d/ n.  a band worn on the sleeve, esp. with a uniform (尤指制服上的)臂章 [French bras ‘arm’ + -ARD]

brass band n.  a group of musicians playing brass instruments, sometimes also with percussion 铜管乐队，军乐队

brasserie /ˈbræsəri/ n.  a restaurant, originally one serving beer with food (供应啤酒、食物的)小餐馆 [French, = brewery]

brass hat n. Brit. colloq.  an officer of high rank, usu. one with gold braid on the cap [英口]高级将领(通常帽上带金镶边)

brassica /ˈbræsikə/ n.  any cruciferous plant of the genus Brassica, having tap roots and erect branched stems, including cabbage, swede, Brussels sprout, mustard, rape, cauliflower, kohlrabi, calabrese, kale, and turnip 芸苔属十字花科植物(包括卷心菜、芜菁甘蓝、汤菜、芥菜、油菜、菜花、撇蓝、花茎甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝、萝卜) [Latin, = cabbage]

brassie /ˈbræsi, ˈbrɑ:si/ n. (also 亦作 brassy) (pl. -ies)  a wooden-headed golf club with a brass sole (棒头镶有铜皮的)高尔夫 (2 号)球棒

brassiere /ˈbræsiə, -z-/ n.  = BRA  [French, = child's vest]

brass monkey n. (in phr. 用于短语 cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey and similar expressions 及类似的表达方式)  used to indicate extreme cold 极冷 [from a type of brass rack or ‘monkey’ in which cannon balls were stored and which contracted in very cold weather, ejecting the balls]

brass rubbing n.  1  the rubbing of heelball etc. over paper laid on an engraved brass to take an impression of its design (用蜡墨摹拓丸等在黄铜牌上拓取图文的)拓印 2  an impression obtained by this 拓片

brass tacks n. pl. slang  actual details; real business [俚语]实际详情；实质性问题  get down to brass tacks  讨论实质性问题

brassy1 /ˈbrɑ:si/ adj. (brassier, brassiest)  1  like brass, esp. in colour (尤指颜色)黄铜色的 2  impudent 厚颜的 3  pretentious, showy 矫饰的，花哨的 4  loud and blaring 喧闹的，响得刺耳的 □ brassily  adv.  □ brassiness  n.  

brassy2 var.  of BRASSIE  BRASSIE 的变体

brat /bræt/ n. usu. derog.  a child, esp. a badly behaved one [通常贬] (尤指品德不好的)顽童，捣蛋鬼 □ bratty  adj.   [perhaps abbreviation of Scots bratchet ‘infant’, or from brat ‘rough garment’]

brat pack n. slang  a rowdy and ostentatious group of young celebrities, esp. film stars [俚语]童子队，一帮乳臭未干的童星(尤指影星) □ brat packer  n.  

brattice /ˈbrætis/ n.  a wooden partition or shaft lining in a coal mine (矿井中的)木质隔板，风障 [Middle English, ultimately from Old English brittisc BRITISH]

bratwurst /ˈbrætvɜ:st/ n.  a type of small German pork sausage 德式小香肠，多味腊肠 [German from braten ‘fry, roast’ + Wurst ‘sausage’]

bravado /brəˈvɑ:dəʊ/ n.  a bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress 故作勇武；虚张声势 [Spanish bravata from bravo: cf. BRAVE, -ADO]

brave /breiv/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  able or ready to face and endure danger or pain 勇敢的，无畏的 2 formal  splendid, spectacular [正式]华丽的；壮观的  make a brave show  举办一场令人目不睱接的表演 ●n.  an American Indian warrior 北美印第安武士 ●v. tr.  defy; encounter bravely 向…挑战；勇敢地面对 □ brave it out   behave defiantly under suspicion or blame (不顾怀疑和责难)拼命干到底□ bravely  adv.  □ braveness  n.   [Middle English from French, via Italian or Spanish bravo ‘courageous, untamed, savage’, from Latin barbarus BARBAROUS]

bravery /ˈbreiv(ə)ri/ n.  1  brave conduct 勇敢行为 2  a brave nature 无畏精神 [French braverie or Italian braveria (as BRAVE)]

bravo1 /brɑ:ˈvəʊ, ˈbrɑ:vəʊ/ int. & n. ●int.  expressing approval of a performer etc. 好啊！妙啊！ (用于向演员等喝彩) ●n. (pl. -os)  a cry of bravo 喝彩声 [French from Italian: see BRAVE]

bravo2 /ˈbrɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  a hired ruffian or killer (受雇于人的)打手，刺客 [Italian: see BRAVE]

bravura /brəˈv(j)ʊərə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a brilliant or ambitious action or display 大胆的行为；雄心勃勃的举动 2  a  a style of (esp. vocal) music requiring exceptional ability (要求高超技巧的)华美乐章(尤指演唱)b  a passage of this kind 华美乐章的乐段 3  bravado 故作勇武 [Italian, from bravo BRAVE]

braw /brɔ:/ adj. Sc.  fine, good [苏格兰]美好的，优秀的 [variant of brawf BRAVE]

brawl /brɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a noisy quarrel or fight (乱哄哄的)争吵；打架 ●v. intr.  1  quarrel noisily or roughly 争吵，吵架 2 (of a stream) run noisily (溪流)淙淙而流，哗哗地响 □ brawler  n.   [Middle English, probably ultimately related to BRAY1]

brawn /brɔ:n/ n.  1  muscular strength 强健的体力 2  muscle; lean flesh 肌肉；瘦肉 3 Brit.  a jellied preparation of the chopped meat from a boiled pig's head [英] (碎猪头肉制成的)肉冻 [Middle English via Anglo-French braun, Old French braon from Germanic]

brawny /ˈbrɔ:ni/ adj. (brawnier, brawniest)  muscular, strong 肌肉发达的，强壮的 □ brawniness  n.  

bray1 /brei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the cry of a donkey 驴叫声 2  a sound like this cry, e.g. that of a harshly played brass instrument, a laugh, etc. 似驴叫的声音(如铜管乐器发出的刺耳声音、响而粗的笑声等) ●v.  1 intr.  make a braying sound 发出驴叫似的声音 2 tr.  utter harshly 粗声说话 [Middle English from Old French braire ‘to cry’, perhaps ultimately from Celtic]

bray2 /brei/ v. tr. archaic  pound or crush to small pieces, esp. with a pestle and mortar [古义]砸碎，捣碎(尤指用杵和臼) [Middle English from Anglo-French braier, Old French breier from the Germanic base of BREAK1]

braze1 /breiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  solder with an alloy of copper and zinc at a high temperature (用铜锌合金)焊接 ●n.  1  a brazed joint 铜焊接头 2  the alloy used for brazing (铜焊用)合金 [French braser ‘solder’ from braise ‘live coals’]

braze2 /breiz/ v. tr.  1  a  make of brass 用黄铜制作b  cover or ornament with brass 用黄铜镶饰 2  make hard like brass 使坚硬如黄铜 [Old English brœsen from brœs ‘brass’]

brazen /ˈbreiz(ə)n/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (also 亦作 brazen-faced)  flagrant and shameless; insolent 厚颜的，无耻的；无礼的 2  of or like brass 黄铜的；黄铜般的 3  harsh in sound 声音刺耳的 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  face or undergo defiantly 厚着脸皮做(或对待) □ brazen it out   be defiantly unrepentant under censure (不顾责难)厚着脸皮硬挺□ brazenly  adv.  □ brazenness  /ˈbreiz(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English brœsen from brœs brass]

brazier1 /ˈbreizjə, -ʒə/ n.  1  a portable heater consisting of a pan or stand for holding lighted coals (手提式取暖用)火盆，火钵 2 N. Amer.  a charcoal grill for cooking [北美] (用炭的)食物烤架 [French brasier from braise ‘hot coals’]

brazier2 /ˈbreizjə, -ʒə/ n.  a worker in brass 铜匠 □ braziery  n.   [Middle English probably from BRASS + -IER, on the pattern of glass, glazier]

Brazil   巴西

brazil /brəˈzil/ n.  1 (in full 全称 Brazil nut)  a large three-sided nut with an edible kernel, obtained from the S. American forest tree Bertholletia excelsa 巴西果 2 (in full 全称 Brazil wood)  a hard red wood from any tropical tree of the genus Caesalpinia, yielding dyes 巴西木，巴西苏木(一种坚硬的红色热带乔木，可提取染料) [medieval Latin brasilium; the S. American country Brazil is named from the wood]

Brazilian /brəˈziliən/ adj. & n.  巴西的(人)

Brazzaville /ˈbræzəvil,ˈbrɑ:zəvil/ n.  布拉柴维尔 [刚果首都]

BRCS abbr.  British Red Cross Society [缩略]英国红十字协会

breach /bri:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the breaking of or failure to observe a law, contract, etc. (对法律、契约等的)破坏；违反，不遵守 2  a  a breaking of relations; an estrangement 关系破裂；疏远b  a quarrel 争执，不和 3  a  a broken state 中断；裂痕b  a gap, esp. one made by artillery in fortifications (用炮火轰开的)缺口，突破口 ●v. tr.  1  break through; make a gap in 攻克；在…上打开缺口 2  break (a law, contract, etc.) 违反，不遵守(法律、契约等) □ stand in the breach   bear the brunt of an attack 承受最强烈的攻击，首当其冲□ step into the breach   give help in a crisis, esp. by replacing someone who has dropped out (在别人危难时)挺身相助(尤指挺身而出做替补) [Middle English from Old French breche, ultimately from the Germanic base of BREAK1]

breach of promise n.  the breaking of a promise, esp. a promise to marry 毁约(尤指毁弃婚约)

breach of the peace n.  an infringement or violation of the public peace by any disturbance or riot etc. (用骚乱、暴乱等)扰乱治安

bread /bred/ n. & v. ●n.  1  baked dough made from flour usu. leavened with yeast and moistened, eaten as a staple food (通常发面)面包 2  a  necessary food 必需的食物b (also 亦作 daily bread)  one's livelihood 生计，谋生之道 3 slang  money [俚语]钱 ●v. tr.  coat with breadcrumbs for cooking 在…上涂抹面包屑 □ bread and circuses   the public provision of subsistence and entertainment 面包与马戏观赏，食物和娱乐□ bread and wine   the Eucharist 圣餐□ cast one's bread upon the waters   do good without expecting gratitude or reward 真心行善不图回报□ know which side one's bread is buttered (or US [美] buttered on)   know where one's advantage lies 知道自己的利益所在，善为个人利益谋算□ take the bread out of a person's mouth   take away a person's living, esp. by competition etc. (尤指通过竞争等手段)抢某人的饭碗，夺某人的生计 [Old English brēad, from Germanic]

bread and butter n.  1  bread spread with butter 抹黄油的面包 2  a  one's livelihood 生计，谋生之道b  routine work to ensure an income 正常的收入来源 often, with hyphens, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : bread-and-butter sales  为糊口做的买卖

bread-and-butter letter n.  a letter of thanks for hospitality 感谢款待的信

breadbasket /ˈbredbɑ:skit/ n.  1  a basket for bread or rolls 面包(或面包卷)篮(或筐) 2 slang  the stomach [俚语]胃，肚皮 3  a region etc. that supplies cereals to another 粮食产地(产区等)

bread bin n. Brit.  a container for keeping bread in [英]面包箱(或盒)

breadboard /ˈbredbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board for cutting bread on 切面包板 2  a board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit 试验(电路)板

breadcrumb /ˈbredkrʌm/ n.  1  a small fragment of bread 面包屑 2 (in pl. 用复数)  bread crumbled for use in cooking (烹饪用)面包粉

breadfruit /ˈbredfru:t/ n.  1 (also 亦作 breadfruit tree)  a tropical evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, bearing edible usu. seedless fruit 面包果树(所结果实通常无籽，可食用) 2  the fruit of this tree, which when roasted becomes soft like new bread 面包果(面包果树的果实，烘烤后形似面包)

breadline /ˈbredlain/ n.  1 Brit.  subsistence level (esp. 尤指 on the breadline 勉强维持生活) [英]勉强糊口的生活水平 2 N. Amer.  a queue of people waiting to receive free food [北美]等候领取施舍的队伍

bread sauce n.  a white sauce thickened with breadcrumbs (用面包粉调浓的)牛奶调味汁

breadth /bredθ, -t-/ n.  1  the distance or measurement from side to side of a thing; broadness 宽度；幅度 2  a piece (of cloth etc.) of standard or full breadth (布等的)幅面；幅宽 3  extent, distance, room 广袤；广阔的区域 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  capacity to respect other opinions; freedom from prejudice or intolerance (esp. 尤指 breadth of mind or view 虚怀若谷；胸怀大度) 宽宏，大度；宽容 5 Art  unity of the whole, achieved by the disregard of unnecessary details 【艺术】雄浑，恢弘 □ breadthways  adv.  □ breadthwise  adv.   [obsolete brede, Old English brœˉdu, from Germanic, related to BROAD]

breadwinner /ˈbredwinə/ n.  a person who earns the money to support a family 养家糊口的人

break1 /breik/ v. & n. ●v. (past broke /brəʊk/ or archaic [古义] brake /breik/; past part. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ or archaic [古义] broke)  1 tr. & intr.  a  separate into pieces under a blow or strain; shatter 打破，破碎；使粉碎b  make or become inoperative, esp. from damage 损坏，弄坏(尤指毁损)  the toaster has broken  烤面包机坏了c  break a bone in or dislocate (part of the body) 骨折；(部分骨头)脱臼d  break the skin of (the head or crown) 擦破(头或冠的)皮 2  a tr.  cause or effect an interruption in 中止；终止  broke our journey  中止旅程 the spell was broken  魔法被破除了 broke the silence  打破沉默b intr.  have an interval between spells of work (工作中)稍事休息  let's break now  咱们现在歇会儿吧 we broke for tea  我们停下来喝了点茶 3 tr.  fail to observe or keep (a law, promise, etc.) 不遵守(法律、诺言等)；违反 4  a tr. & intr.  make or become subdued or weakened; yield or cause to yield 征服，削弱；弄垮；(使)屈服  broke his spirit  从精神上把他制服 he broke under the strain  他因过度疲劳垮了b tr.  weaken the effect of (a fall, blow, etc.) 减轻(跌落、打击等的)影响c tr.  = break in 3c d tr.  defeat, destroy 打败，摧毁  broke the enemy's power  摧毁敌人的力量e tr.  defeat the object of (a strike, e.g. by engaging other personnel) 挫败，(如使其他人员卷入)使(罢工)不能得逞 5 tr.  surpass (a record) 打破记录 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  quarrel or cease association with (another person etc.) 争吵；断绝(与他人等)来往 7 tr.  a  be no longer subject to (a habit) 放弃(习惯)b (foll. by 后跟 of)  cause (a person) to be free of a habit 使(某人)放弃习惯  broke them of their addiction  使他们戒了毒 8 tr. & intr.  reveal or be revealed; (cause to) become known 揭露，被揭露；(使)传开  broke the news  透露消息 the story broke on Friday  这件事是星期五传开的 9 intr.  a (of the weather) change suddenly, esp. after a fine spell (尤指天气一阵晴后)突然转变b (of waves) curl over and dissolve into foam (海浪)冲击，卷碎c (of the day) dawn (天)破晓d (of clouds) move apart; show a gap (云)消散；露出缝隙e (of a storm) begin violently (暴风雨)骤然降临 10 tr. Electr.  disconnect (a circuit) (opp. 反义 MAKE v. 23) 【电】切断(电路) 11 intr.  a (of the voice) change with emotion (声音因情绪)变调b (of a boy's voice) change in register etc. at puberty (男孩的嗓音) (在音域等方面)突变 12 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  divide (a set etc.) into parts, e.g. by selling to different buyers (将成套物品)拆开零售(如卖给不同买主)b  change (a banknote etc.) for coins 兑开(大额钞票) 13 tr.  ruin (an individual or institution) financially (see also 亦见 BROKE predic. adj.) 使(个人或机构)破产 14 tr.  penetrate (e.g. a safe) by force 砸破(如保险箱等) 15 tr.  decipher (a code) 破译(密码) 16 tr.  make (a way, path, etc.) by separating obstacles 冲破(障碍)；辟出(路径等) 17 intr.  burst forth 突然出现  the sun broke through the clouds  云开日出 18 Mil. 【军】  a intr. (of troops) disperse in confusion (军队)溃散b tr.  make a rupture in (ranks) 打乱(队形) 19  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 free, loose, out, etc.)  escape from constraint by a sudden effort 挣脱b tr.  escape or emerge from (prison, bounds, cover, etc.) 越(狱)；逾越(界限)；(从盖子下)冒出 20 tr. Tennis  etc. win a game against (an opponent's service) 【网球】接发球得分 21 intr. Boxing etc. (of two fighters, usu. at the referee's command) come out of a clinch 【拳击】(双方通常按裁判员的命令)抱持后拆散 22 Mil. tr.  demote (an officer) 【军】把(某军官)降级 23 intr. esp. Stock Exch. (of prices) fall sharply (尤)【股】(价格)暴跌 24 intr. Cricket (of a bowled ball) change direction on bouncing 【板球】(投出球)弹地转向 25 intr. Billiards  etc. make the first stroke at the beginning of a game 【台球】开球破局 26 tr.  unfurl (a flag etc.) 展开(旗帜等) 27 tr. Phonet.  subject (a vowel) to fracture 【语音】使(元音)发生割裂 28 tr.  fail to rejoin (one's ship) after absence on leave (休假后)逾期不归(船) 29 tr.  disprove (an alibi) 证明不实(案发时不在现场) ●n.  1  a  an act or instance of breaking 破裂；折断b  a point where something is broken; a gap 破裂处；裂缝 2  an interval, an interruption; a pause in work 间歇；中断；工间休息 3  a sudden dash (esp. to escape) 急冲，猛闯(尤指为逃脱) 4 colloq. [口]  a  a piece of good luck; a fair chance 好运；机缘b (also 亦作 bad break)  an unfortunate remark or action, a blunder 失当的举止，失言 5 Cricket  a change in direction of a bowled ball on bouncing 【板球】反弹 6 Billiards etc. 【台球】  a  a series of points scored during one turn 一次连续得分b  the opening shot that disperses the balls 开球 7 Mus. (in jazz etc.) a short unaccompanied passage for a soloist, usu. improvised 【音】(爵士乐等中) (通常即兴)演奏华彩段 8 Electr.  a discontinuity in a circuit 【电】短路 □ break away   make or become free or separate (see also 另见 BREAKAWAY) 脱离；分离□ break the back of   1  do the hardest or greatest part of 完成…中最艰巨的部分 2  overburden (a person) 压垮(某人)；压得(某人)直不起腰□ break bulk   see 见 BULK □ break down   1  a  fail in mechanical action; cease to function 坏掉；失效；出毛病b (of human relationships etc.) fail, collapse (人际关系等)破裂，崩溃c  fail in (esp. mental) health (尤指精神)垮掉d  be overcome by emotion; collapse in tears 感情失去控制；忍不住流泪 2  a  demolish, destroy 拆毁，毁坏b  overcome (resistance) 压倒，压垮(抵抗)c  force (a person) to yield under pressure 制服(某人) 3  analyse into components (see also 亦见 BREAKDOWN) 分析□ break even   emerge from a transaction etc. with neither profit nor loss (交易等)不盈不亏，持平□ break a person's heart   see 见 HEART □ break the ice   1  begin to overcome formality or shyness, esp. between strangers (尤指陌生人间)打破规矩(或矜持) 2  make a start 开个头□ break in   1  enter premises by force, esp. with criminal intent (尤指非法)强行闯入 2  interrupt 打断 3  a  accustom to a habit etc. 逐渐适应(习惯等)b  wear etc. until comfortable (穿等)到合适为止c esp. Brit.  tame or discipline (an animal); accustom (a horse) to saddle and bridle etc. [尤英] (动物)驯养；训练；使(马)适应马鞍(马笼头等) 4 Austral. & NZ  bring (virgin land) into cultivation [澳新]开垦(处女地)□ break in on   disturb; interrupt 扰乱；使中断□ break into   1  enter forcibly or violently 强行闯入 2  a  suddenly begin, burst forth with (a song, laughter, etc.) 突然冒出；突然发出(歌声、笑声等)b  suddenly change one's pace for (a faster one) (加快速度)而成…步伐  broke into a gallop  突然飞跑起来 3  interrupt 打断□ break a leg  (as 作 int.) Theatr. slang  good luck 【戏】[俚语]交好运□ break new (or fresh) ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ break of day   dawn 破晓，拂晓□ break off   1  detach by breaking 挣脱；断开 2  bring to an end 终止 3  cease talking etc. (说话等)突然住口□ break open   open forcibly 撞开；撬开□ break out   1  escape by force, esp. from prison (尤指从监狱)逃脱；逃走 2  begin suddenly; burst forth 突然出现；爆发  then violence broke out  然后发生了暴乱 3 (foll. by 后跟 in)  become covered in (a rash etc.) 布满(皮疹等) 4  exclaim 说出 5  release (a run-up flag) 使(旗帜)升起后展开 6 US [美]  a  open up (a receptacle) and remove its contents 将(容器)打开后取出其内的东西b  remove (articles) from a place of storage 从储藏处取出(物品)□ break step   get out of step 打乱(步伐)□ break up   1  break into small pieces 打碎，粉碎 2  disperse; disband 散开；解散 3 Brit.  end the school term [英]学期结束；放假 4  a  terminate a relationship; disband 终止关系；散去b  cause to do this 使解体 5 Brit. (of the weather) change suddenly (esp. after a fine spell) [英] (天气)突变(尤指经过一段好天气之后) 6 esp. US [尤美]  a  upset or be upset 扰乱，使烦乱b  excite or be excited 兴奋；使兴奋c  convulse or be convulsed (see also 亦见 BREAK-UP) 震动；使震动□ break wind   release gas from the anus 放屁□ break one's word   see 见 WORD  [Old English brecan, from Germanic: related to BRAY2, BREACH]

break2 /breik/ n.  1  a carriage frame without a body, for breaking in young horses (训练幼马用的)车架子 2  = BRAKE2  [perhaps = brake framework: 17th c., of unknown origin]

breakable /ˈbreikəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may or is apt to be broken easily 会破碎的，易破碎的 ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a breakable thing 易碎物品

breakage /ˈbreikidʒ/ n.  1  an act or instance of breaking 破损；毁坏 2  a  a broken thing 破碎物b  damage caused by breaking 破碎造成的损害

breakaway /ˈbreikəwei/ n.  1  the act or an instance of breaking away or seceding 逃脱；脱离 2 (作 attrib.)  that breaks away or has broken away; separate 脱离的，脱开的；独立的 3 Austral.  a stampede, esp. at the sight or smell of water [澳]惊跑，乱窜(尤指在看见或嗅到水时) 4  a false start in a race (赛跑时)抢跑 5 Rugby  each of the two flank forwards on the outsides of the second row of a scrum formation 【英式橄榄球】转守为攻

break crop n.  a crop grown to avoid the continual growing of cereals 间歇作物

break-dancing n.  an energetic and acrobatic style of street dancing, developed by US blacks 霹雳舞(一种强劲有力、有杂技动作的街头舞蹈，源于美国黑人)

breakdown /ˈbreikdaʊn/ n.  1  a  a mechanical failure 机械故障b  a loss of (esp. mental) health and strength (尤指精神)垮掉；衰弱 2  a collapse or disintegration 崩溃；分离  breakdown of communication  通信中断 3  a detailed analysis (of statistics etc.) (统计等的)详细分析

breaker /ˈbreikə/ n.  1  a person or thing that breaks something, esp. Brit. disused machinery 破坏者；[尤英]捣毁旧机器者；轧(或破)碎机 2  a person who breaks in a horse 驯马者 3  a heavy wave that breaks 碎浪，激浪

breakfast /ˈbrekfəst/ n. & v. ●n.  the first meal of the day 早餐 ●v. intr.  have breakfast 吃早餐 □ have for breakfast  slang  make mincemeat of (a person); defeat easily [俚语]彻底击败(某人)；轻松地打败□ breakfaster  n.   [BREAK1 ‘interrupt’ + FAST2]

breakfast television n.  early-morning television 清晨电视节目

break-in n.  an illegal forced entry into premises, esp. with criminal intent (尤指怀有犯罪意图)非法闯入

breaking and entering n. Brit. hist. & US Law  the illegal entering of a building with intent to commit a felony [英史义] [美]【法律】破门侵入(故意非法侵入他人住宅的犯罪行为)

breaking point n.  the point of greatest strain, at which a thing breaks or a person gives way 强度的极限，断裂点；(危急的)起点，爆发点

break-line n. Printing  the last line of a paragraph (usu. not of full length) 【印刷】(一段文字的)末行(通常为不满行的短行)

breakneck /ˈbreiknek/ attrib. adj. (of speed) dangerously fast (速度)极快的；非常危险的

breakout /ˈbreikaʊt/ n.  a forcible escape 挣脱；逃脱

break point n.  1  a place or time at which an interruption or change is made 断裂点；转折点 2 (usu. 通常作 breakpoint) Computing  a place in a computer program where the sequence of instructions is interrupted, esp. by another program 【计算】(尤指受另一程序影响)断点；分界点 3 Tennis 【网球】  a  a point which would win the game for the player(s) receiving service (接球)得分  three break points  接球得 3 分b  the situation at which the receiver(s) may win such a point 接球得分  this is break point  这是接球得的分 4  = BREAKING POINT 

breakthrough /ˈbreikθru:/ n.  1  a major advance or discovery 突破性进展 2  an act of breaking through an obstacle etc. (障碍等)突破

break-up n.  1  the disintegration or collapse of a thing 分离；分裂；崩溃 2  a dispersal 分散

breakwater /ˈbreikwɔ:tə/ n.  a barrier built out into the sea to break the force of waves (海岸外的)防波堤，防浪墙

bream1 /bri:m/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a yellowish deep-bodied freshwater fish, Abramis brama, of the carp family 欧鳊(鲤科淡水鱼) 2 (in full 全称 sea bream)  a similarly shaped marine fish of the family Sparidae, esp. of the genus Pagellus or Spondyliosoma, of the NE Atlantic 鲷科海鱼，海鲷 [Middle English via Old French bre(s)me from West Germanic]

bream2 /bri:m/ v. tr. Naut. hist.  clean (a ship's bottom) by burning and scraping 【海】[史义] (通过加热和刮擦)清扫(船底) [probably from Low German and related to BROOM]

breast /brest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  either of two milk-secreting organs on the upper front of a woman's body 乳房b  the corresponding usu. rudimentary part of a man's body 胸脯(男性退化乳房) 2  a  the upper front part of a human body; the chest (人的)前胸；胸部b  the corresponding part of an animal (动物的)胸脯 3  the part of a garment that covers the breast 上衣的前胸 4  the breast as a source of nourishment or emotion 营养的来源；情愫 ●v. tr.  1  face, meet in full opposition 挺胸面对；挺胸相迎  breast the wind  顶风前进 2  contend with 与…搏斗；毅然对抗  breast it out against difficulties  勇敢地与困难作斗争 3  reach the top of (a hill) 攀登至(山)顶 □ breast the tape   see 见 TAPE □ make a clean breast of (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 make a clean breast of it)   confess fully 彻底坦白，完全承认□ breasted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English brēost, from Germanic]

breastbone /ˈbres(t)bəʊn/ n.  a thin flat vertical bone and cartilage in the chest connecting the ribs; the sternum 胸骨

breastfeed /ˈbres(t)fi:d/ v. (past and past part. -fed)  1 tr.  feed (a baby) from the breast 用母乳喂养(婴儿) 2 intr. (of a baby) feed from the breast (婴儿)哺乳

breast-high adj. & adv.  as high as the breast; submerged to the breast 齐胸高的；淹至胸口的

breast-pin n.  a brooch etc. worn on the breast 胸针(饰针等)

breastplate /ˈbres(t)pleit/ n.  a piece of armour covering the breast 胸甲；胸铠

breaststroke /bres(t)strəʊk/ n.  a stroke made while swimming on the breast by extending arms forward and sweeping them back in unison 蛙泳

breastsummer /ˈbres(t)sʌmə/ n. Archit.  a beam across a broad opening, sustaining a superstructure 【建】过梁，横楣 [BREAST + SUMMER2]

breastwork /ˈbres(t)wɜ:k/ n.  a low temporary defence or parapet (临时性的)低矮防护墙；胸墙

breath /breθ/ n.  1  a  the air taken into or expelled from the lungs 呼出(或吸入)的空气b  one respiration of air 一次呼吸c  an exhalation of air that can be seen, smelt, or heard 呼出的空气(水气)  breath steamed in the cold air  寒气中呼出水气 bad breath  口臭 2  a  a slight movement of air; a breeze (空气的)轻拂；微风b  a whiff of perfume etc. (香气等的)飘动 3  a whisper, a murmur (esp. of a scandalous nature) 低语，小声嘀咕(尤指带有造谣中伤性质) 4  the power of breathing; life 呼吸的力量；生命  is there breath in him?  他还有呼吸吗？ □ below (or under) one's breath   in a whisper 小声；低声细语□ breath of fresh air   1  a small amount of or a brief time in the fresh air 一丝新鲜空气 2  a refreshing change 令人耳目一新的变化□ breath of life   a necessity 必需品□ catch one's breath   1  cease breathing momentarily in surprise, suspense, etc. (因惊讶、挂虑等)屏息 2  rest after exercise to restore normal breathing 歇口气，休息一下□ draw breath   breathe; live 呼吸；活在世上□ hold one's breath   cease breathing temporarily 屏息□ in the same breath  (esp. of saying two contradictory things) within a short time (尤指说出两件相互矛盾事情的)同时□ out of breath   gasping for air, esp. after exercise (尤指运动后)喘不上气；上气不接下气□ take breath   pause for rest 歇口气□ take one's breath away   astound; surprise; awe; delight 使惊呆，惊讶，敬畏；使兴奋得透不过气来□ waste one's breath   talk or give advice without effect 白费口舌 [Old English brœˉth, from Germanic]

breathable /ˈbri:ðəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of the air etc.) fit or pleasant to breathe (空气等)适宜吸入的 2 (of material) admitting air to the skin and allowing sweat to evaporate (材料)透气的，可渗透的

breathalyser /ˈbreθəlaizə/ n. (US & propr. [美] [商标] breathalyzer)  an instrument for measuring the amount of alcohol in the breath (and hence in the blood) of a driver 呼气(血液)测醉器 □ breathalyse  v. tr. (US [美] -lyze)   [BREATH + ANALYSE + -ER1]

breathe /bri:ð/ v.  1 intr.  a  take air into and expel it from the lungs 呼吸b  take in oxygen 吸氧 2 intr.  be or seem alive 活着，生存  is she breathing?  她还活着吗？ 3 tr.  a  utter; say (esp. quietly) 说出；(尤指小声地)吐露  breathed her forgiveness  她轻声道歉b  express; display 表现出；流露出  breathed defiance  不屑一顾 4 intr.  take breath, pause 歇口气；停一下 5 tr.  send out or take in (as if) with breathed air; inhale (似)呼吸；吸入  breathed new life into them  给他们带来新的生机 breathed whisky  呼吸中有威士忌酒气 6 intr.  a (of wine, the skin, etc.) be exposed to fresh air (酒、皮肤)暴露于新鲜空气b (of material) admit air or moisture (材料)透气 7 intr.  a  sound, speak (esp. quietly) (尤指轻声)说，发出低声b (of wind) blow softly (风)轻拂 8 tr.  allow (a horse etc.) to breathe; give rest after exertion 让(马等)歇一歇；使歇息 □ breathe again (or freely)   recover from a shock, fear, etc., and be at ease (惊、吓等之后)松口气；安下心来□ breathe down a person's neck   follow or check up on a person, esp. menacingly (尤指带威胁性地)紧随；紧紧盯住某人□ breathe in   inhale 吸入□ breathe one's last   die 咽气；死□ breathe out   exhale 呼出□ breathe upon  literary  tarnish, taint [文学用语]使失去光泽；污损□ not breathe a word   keep silent 一言不发□ not breathe a word of   keep quite secret 对…只字不提；保密 [Middle English, from BREATH]

breather /ˈbri:ðə/ n.  1 colloq.  a brief pause for rest [口]短暂的休息 2  a safety-vent in the crankcase of a motor vehicle etc. (汽车曲轴箱的)通气管；呼吸阀

breathing /ˈbri:ðiŋ/ n.  1  the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs 呼吸 2  a sign in Greek (‘or’) indicating the presence of an aspirate (rough breathing 送气符号) or the absence of an aspirate (smooth breathing 不送气符号) 送气符；送气音

breathing-space n.  time to breathe; a pause 喘息的时间；停歇

breathless /ˈbreθlis/ adj.  1  panting, out of breath 气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气的 2  holding, or as if holding, the breath because of excitement, suspense, etc. (由于激动、挂虑等而) (似)呼吸急促的，(似)屏息的  a state of breathless expectancy  屏息期待着 3  unstirred by wind; still 无风的；静止的 □ breathlessly  adv.  □ breathlessness  n.  

breathtaking /ˈbreθteikiŋ/ adj.  astounding; awe-inspiring 惊险的，惊人的；使人敬畏的 □ breathtakingly  adv.  

breath test n. & v. ●n.  a test of a person's alcohol consumption, using a breathalyser (用呼气测醉器进行的)呼气测醉试验 ●v. tr. (breath-test)  administer a breath test to 对…做呼气测醉试验

breathy /ˈbreθi/ adj. (breathier, breathiest) (of a singing voice etc.) containing the sound of breathing (嗓音等)送气音的，伴有呼吸声的 □ breathily  adv.  □ breathiness  n.  

breccia /ˈbretʃə, -tʃiə/ n. & v. ●n.  a rock of angular stones etc. cemented by finer material (由棱角状岩溶化而成的)角砾岩 ●v. tr.  form into breccia 使形成角砾岩 □ brecciate  v. tr.  □ brecciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Italian, = gravel, from Germanic, related to BREAK1]

bred past and past part.  of BREED 

breech /bri:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the part of a cannon behind the bore 炮尾b  the back part of a rifle or gun barrel 枪尾；后膛 2 archaic  the buttocks [古义]臀部，屁股 ●v. tr. archaic  put (a boy) into breeches after being in petticoats since birth [古义] (给小孩)穿上裤子 [Old English brōc, pl. brēc (treated as sing. in Middle English), from Germanic]

breech birth n. (also 亦作 breech delivery)  the delivery of a baby which is so positioned in the womb that the buttocks or feet are delivered first 臀位分娩

breech-block n.  a metal block which closes the breech aperture in a gun 枪闩；炮闩

breeches /ˈbritʃiz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 pair of breeches sing.)  1  short trousers, esp. fastened below the knee, now used esp. for riding or in court dress 马裤(尤指裤脚束紧至膝下、现尤用于骑马或球场的裤子) 2 colloq.  any trousers, knickerbockers, or underpants [口]裤子，灯笼裤，短裤 [pl. of BREECH]

Breeches Bible n.  the Geneva Bible of 1560 with breeches in Gen. 3:7 for the garments made by Adam and Eve “短裤(版)圣经” (1560 年日内瓦版英译本《圣经》，因将《创始纪》第 3 章第 7 节中亚当和夏娃所做的“裙”译作“短裤”而得此称)

breeches-buoy n.  a lifebuoy suspended from a rope which has canvas breeches for the user's legs (吊在绳索上的)裤形救生圈

breech-loader n.  a gun loaded at the breech, not through the muzzle 后膛枪(或炮) □ breech-loading  adj.  

breed /bri:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. bred /bred/)  1 tr. & intr.  bear, generate (offspring) 产(仔)；繁殖 2 tr. & intr.  propagate or cause to propagate; raise (livestock) (使)育(种)；饲养(牲畜) 3 tr.  a  yield, produce; result in 产生，滋生；引起  war breeds famine  战争导致了饥荒b  spread 传播  discontent bred by rumour  谣言引发的不满 4 intr.  arise; spread 产生；传播  disease breeds in the Tropics  疾病在热带地区流行 5 tr.  bring up; train 培育；培养  bred to the law  受法律教育 Hollywood breeds stars  好莱坞培养了很多明星 6 tr. Physics  create (fissile material) by nuclear reaction 【物理学】(通过核反应)增殖；再生(可裂变物质) ●n.  1  a stock of animals or plants within a species, having a similar appearance, and usu. developed by deliberate selection (通常经过有意的培育而形成的)品种 2  a race; a lineage 种族；血统 3  a sort, a kind 种类；类型 □ bred and born   = born and bred (see 见 BORN) □ bred in the bone   hereditary 遗传的，出来就有的□ breed in   mate with or marry near relations 同种交配；近亲结婚□ breeder  n.   [Old English brēdan: related to BROOD]

breeder reactor n.  a nuclear reactor that can create more fissile material than it consumes 增殖反应堆

breeding /ˈbri:diŋ/ n.  1  the process of developing or propagating (animals, plants, etc.) (动、植物等的)培育，繁殖 2  generation; childbearing 繁育；生育 3  the result of training or education; behaviour 养育；熏陶 4  good manners (as produced by an aristocratic heredity) (如世袭贵族所形成的)教养；礼貌  has no breeding  没有教养

breeks /bri:ks/ n. pl. Sc.  breeches [苏格兰]马裤，灯笼裤

breeze1 /bri:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gentle wind 微风 2 Meteorol.  a wind of force 2 to 6 on the Beaufort scale (4 － 31 m.p.h.) 【气】(蒲福风级) 2 级至 6 级的风(每小时 4 至 31 英里) 3  a wind blowing from land at night or sea during the day 白昼海风；夜间陆风 4 esp. Brit. colloq.  a quarrel or display of temper [尤英口]争吵；发脾气 5 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  an easy task [尤北美口]轻而易举的事情 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, along, etc.) colloq.  come or go in a casual or light-hearted manner [口]飘然而至；飘然而去 [probably from Old Spanish & Portuguese briza ‘NE wind’]

breeze2 /bri:z/ n.  small cinders 煤渣，煤屑 [French braise ‘live coals’]

breeze3 /bri:z/ n. Brit.  a gadfly or cleg [英]牛虻，虻 [Old English briosa, of unknown origin]

breeze-block n. Brit.  a lightweight building block, esp. one made from breeze mixed with sand and cement [英] (尤指煤屑与沙和水泥混制的)煤渣砖

breezy /ˈbri:zi/ adj. (breezier, breeziest)  1  a  windswept 受风吹的b  pleasantly windy 微风轻拂的 2 colloq.  lively; jovial [口]轻松活泼的；愉快的 3 colloq.  careless [口]漠然的  with breezy indifference  漠然视之 □ breezily  adv.  □ breeziness  n.  

bremsstrahlung /ˈbremzʃtrɑ:lʊŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Physics  electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration or esp. the deceleration of a charged particle after passing through the electric and magnetic fields of a nucleus 【物理学】轫致辐射(带电粒子在通过核电磁场时加速，尤指减速时而产生的电磁辐射) [German, = braking radiation]

Bren /bren/ n. (in full 全称 Bren gun)  a lightweight quick-firing machine-gun 布伦式轻机枪 [Brno in the Czech Republic (where originally made) + Enfield in England (where later made)]

Brenda /ˈbrendə/   布伦达 [人名]

Brendan /ˈbrendən/   布伦丹 [人名]

brent /brent/ n. (US [美] brant /brænt/) (in full 全称 brent-goose)  a small migratory Arctic-breeding goose, Branta bernicla, with black, grey, and white plumage 黑雁(一种在北极繁殖的候鸟) [16th c.: origin unknown]

brethren  see 见 BROTHER 

Breton /ˈbret(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Brittany 布列塔尼人 2  the Celtic language of Brittany 布列塔尼人说的凯尔特语 ●adj.  of or relating to Brittany or its people or language (有关)布列塔尼的；(有关)布列塔尼人的；(有关)布列塔尼语的 [Old French, = BRITON]

breve /bri:v/ n.  1 Mus.  a note, now rarely used, having the time value of two semibreves 【音】二全音符(现罕用) 2  a written or printed mark (ˇ) indicating a short or unstressed vowel 短音符号(ˇ) 3 hist.  an authoritative letter from a sovereign or pope [史义]上谕；(教皇的)谕令 [Middle English variant of BRIEF]

brevet /ˈbrevit/ n. & v. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a document conferring a privilege from a sovereign or government, esp. a rank in the army, without the appropriate pay (尤指部队中的)名誉晋级令(只晋级但不加薪)  was promoted by brevet  名誉上晋级 brevet major  名誉晋级的少校 ●v. tr. (breveted, breveting or brevetted, brevetting)  confer brevet rank on 晋升名誉军衔 [Middle English, from Old French brievet ‘little letter’, diminutive of bref BRIEF]

breviary /ˈbri:viəri/ n. (pl. -ies) RC Ch.  a book containing the service for each day, to be recited by those in orders 【天主教】(神职人员每日念诵的)祈祷书；每日祈祷 [earlier also, an abridged version of the psalms: Latin breviarium ‘summary’ from breviare ‘abridge’: see ABBREVIATE]

brevity /ˈbreviti/ n.  1  economy of expression; conciseness 简洁；简练 2  shortness (of time etc.) (时间等的)短促，短暂  the brevity of happiness  短暂的幸福 [Anglo-French breveté, Old French brieveté from bref BRIEF]

brew /bru:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  make (beer etc.) by infusion, boiling, and fermentation 酿造(啤酒等)b  make (tea etc.) by infusion or (punch etc.) by mixture 沏(茶等)；调制(潘趣酒等) 2 intr.  undergo either of these processes 酿酒；冲泡  the tea is brewing  茶正在煮着 3 intr. (of trouble, a storm, etc.) gather force; threaten (动乱、暴风雨等)酝酿；即将发生  mischief was brewing  正在策划的恶作剧 4 tr.  bring about; set in train; concoct 引发；酿成；策划  brewed their fiendish scheme  策划他们的阴谋诡计 ●n.  1  an amount (of beer etc.) brewed at one time 一次酿造(啤酒等的)量  this year's brew  今年全年酿造的酒 2  what is brewed (esp. with regard to its quality) 酿造的酒(尤指就质量而言)  a good strong brew  上好的酒 3  the action or process of brewing 酿造；酿造过程 □ brew up  Brit.  make tea [英]沏茶，泡茶□ brewer  n.   [Old English brēowan, from Germanic]

brewery /ˈbrʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where beer etc. is brewed commercially 啤酒厂；(啤酒等的)酿造厂

brew-up n. Brit. colloq.  an instance of making tea [英口]沏茶

Brian /ˈbraiən/   布赖恩 [人名]

briar1 var.  of BRIER1  BRIER1 的变体

briar2 var.  of BRIER2  BRIER2 的变体

bribe /braib/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  persuade (a person etc.) to act esp. illegally or dishonestly in one's favour by a gift of money, services, etc. (尤指非法、不诚实地利用送钱、给予服务等)贿赂(某人等)  bribed the guard to release the suspect  贿赂看守释放嫌疑犯 ●n.  money or services offered in the process of bribing 用于行贿的钱财(或提供的服务) □ bribable  adj.  □ briber  n.  □ bribery  n.   [Middle English from Old French briber, brimber ‘beg’, of unknown origin]

bric-a-brac /ˈbrikəbræk/ n. (also 亦作 bric-à-brac, bricabrac)  miscellaneous, often old, ornaments, trinkets, furniture, etc., of no great value 小饰品；小摆设；小古玩(小玩意儿等) [French from obsolete ɑˋ bric et ɑˋ brac ‘at random’]

brick /brik/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a small, usu. rectangular, block of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building 砖，砖块(通常长方形)b  the material used to make these 制砖材料c  a similar block of concrete etc. 砖形水泥块(水泥条) 2 Brit.  a child's toy building block [英]积木 3  a brick-shaped solid object 砖状物  a brick of ice cream  冰砖 4 slang  a generous or loyal person [俚语]慷慨的人；忠心耿耿的人 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  close or block with brickwork 用砖围住；用砖堵住 ●adj.  1  built of brick 砖砌的  brick wall  砖墙 2  of a dull red colour 砖红色的，暗红色的 □ bang (or knock or run) one's head against a brick wall   have one's efforts come to nothing; be continually rebuffed 枉费心机；屡屡碰壁□ like a ton of bricks  colloq.  with crushing weight, force, or authority [口]来势凶猛；势不可挡□ see through a brick wall   have miraculous insight 眼光锐利，洞察力极强□ bricky  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch bri(c)ke, of unknown origin]

brickbat /ˈbrikbæt/ n.  1  a piece of brick, esp. when used as a missile (尤指可用作投掷物的)砖块，碎砖 2  an uncomplimentary remark 贬责的话，尖锐的批评

brick-built adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  built of bricks 砖砌的

brick-field n.  a place at which bricks are made 砖厂，制砖场

brickfielder /ˈbrikfi:ldə/ n. Austral.  a hot, dry north wind [澳]砖厂风(一种干热北风)

brickie /ˈbriki/ n. Brit. slang  a bricklayer [英] [俚语]砌砖工人

bricklayer /ˈbrikleiə/ n.  a worker who builds with bricks 砌砖工人 □ bricklaying  n.  

brick red n. & adj. ●n.  the dull red colour typical of bricks 砖红色，暗红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 砖红色的，暗红色的

brickwork /ˈbrikwɜ:k/ n.  1  work executed in brick 砖结构 2  building with bricks; bricklaying 砖建筑物；砌砖

brickyard /ˈbrikjɑ:d/ n.  a place where bricks are made 砖厂，制砖厂

bridal /ˈbraid(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning a bride or a wedding (有关)新娘的；(有关)婚礼的 □ bridally  adv.   [originally as noun, = wedding-feast, from Old English bryˉd-ealu from bryˉd BRIDE + ealu ‘ale-drinking’]

bride /braid/ n.  a woman on her wedding day and for some time before and after it 新娘 [Old English bryˉd, from Germanic]

bridegroom /ˈbraidɡru:m/ n.  a man on his wedding day and for some time before and after it 新郎 [Old English bryˉdguma (as BRIDE, guma ‘man’, assimilated to GROOM)]

bride price n.  money or goods given to a bride's family by that of the bridegroom, esp. in tribal societies (尤指宗族社会中的)聘礼，彩礼

bridesmaid /ˈbraidzmeid/ n.  a girl or unmarried woman attending a bride on her wedding day 女傧相；伴娘 [earlier bridemaid, from BRIDE + MAID]

bridewell /ˈbraidw(ə)l/ n.  a prison; a reformatory 监狱；管教所 [St Bride's Well in London, near which such a building stood]

bridge1 /bridʒ/ n. & v. ●n. (also Sc. & N. Engl. [亦苏格兰和英格兰北部] brig /briɡ/)  1  a  a structure carrying a road, path, railway, etc., across a stream, ravine, road, railway, etc. (跨越小河、沟壑、公路、铁路等的)桥，桥梁(引桥等)b  anything providing a connection between different things 起沟通作用的东西  English is a bridge between nations  英语是沟通国与国之间的桥梁 2  the superstructure on a ship from which the captain and officers direct operations (舰船上的)桥楼；舰桥 3  the upper bony part of the nose 鼻梁 4 Mus.  an upright piece of wood on a violin etc. over which the strings are stretched 【音】(小提琴等上的)琴马 5  = BRIDGEWORK  6 Billiards etc. 【台球】  a  a long stick with a structure at the end which is used to support a cue for a difficult shot 杆架(球杆的凹形支架)b  a support for a cue formed by a raised hand 架手打势(用手充作杆架) 7  = LAND BRIDGE  ●v. tr.  1  a  be a bridge over 用桥连接  a fallen tree bridges the stream  一棵倒下的树横跨在小桥上b  make a bridge over; span 架桥于…；横跨… 2  span as if with a bridge 跨越；跨过  bridged their differences with understanding  理解使他们消除了分歧 □ cross a (or that) bridge when one comes to it   deal with a problem when and if it arises 待到问题出现时再解决不迟，未到桥头先为过桥担忧□ bridgeable  adj.   [Old English brycg, from Germanic]

bridge2 /bridʒ/ n.  a card game derived from whist, in which one player's cards are exposed and are played by his or her partner (cf. 参见 AUCTION BRIDGE, CONTRACT BRIDGE) 桥牌 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bridge-building n.  1  the activity of building bridges 建桥 2  the promotion of friendly relations, esp. between countries 牵线搭桥；(尤指国与国之间)斡旋 □ bridge-builder  n.  

bridgehead /ˈbridʒhed/ n. Mil.  a fortified position held on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle 【军】桥头堡；桥头阵地

bridge of asses n.  = PONS ASINORUM 

bridge of boats n.  a bridge formed by mooring boats together abreast across a river etc. (跨越河等的)浮桥

bridge passage n. Mus.  a transitional section between main themes 【音】过渡乐句

bridge roll n. Brit.  a small soft bread roll [英]松软的小面包卷

Bridget /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

bridgework /ˈbridʒwɜ:k/ n.  a dental structure used to cover a gap, joined to and supported by the teeth on either side (假牙的)齿桥

bridging loan n. esp. Brit.  a loan from a bank etc. to cover the short interval between buying a house etc. and selling another [尤英]过渡性贷款(尤指买卖房子期间的短期银行贷款)

Bridgit /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

bridle /ˈbraid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled leather straps, a metal bit, and reins 马勒，马笼头(包括皮带、马嚼子和缰绳)b  a restraining thing or influence 约束，限制  put a bridle on your tongue  管住你的嘴 2 Naut.  a mooring-cable 【海】系船索 3 Anat.  a ligament checking the motion of a part 【解】系带 ●v.  1 tr.  put a bridle on (a horse etc.) 给(马等)套笼头 2 tr.  bring under control; curb 控制；抑制 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, up)  express offence, resentment, etc., esp. by throwing up the head and drawing in the chin 昂首收颌(以示反感、怨忿等) [Old English brīdel, from Germanic]

bridle path n. (also 亦作 bridleway /ˈbraid(ə)lwei/)  a rough path or road fit only for riders or walkers, not vehicles (只适合骑马、步行，不适合车辆的)马道

bridoon /briˈdu:n/ n.  the snaffle and rein of a military bridle (军马的)缰绳口衔 [French bridon from bride ‘bridle’]

Brie /bri:/ n.  a kind of soft cheese 布里干酪 [Brie in N. France, where it was originally made]

brief /bri:f/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of short duration 短暂的 2  concise in expression 简洁的 3  abrupt, brusque 唐突的，无礼的  was rather brief with me  对我很无礼 4 (of clothes) scanty (衣服)短的，刚够大的  wearing a brief skirt  穿着短而暴露的超短裙 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  close-fitting legless pants 紧身三角裤 2 Law 【法律】  a Brit.  a document instructing a barrister to appear as an advocate in court [英]辩护委聘b US  a written summary of the facts and legal points supporting one side of a case, for presentation to a court [美]诉讼要点；案情摘要 3 esp. Brit.  instructions given for a task, operation, etc. (originally a bombing plan given to an aircrew) [尤英] (给予任务、行动等的)指令；简短命令(原义为给空勤人员的轰炸计划) 4 RC Ch.  a letter from the Pope to a person or community on a matter of discipline 【天主教】教皇通谕 ●v. tr.  1 Brit. Law  instruct (a barrister) by brief [英]【法律】向(出庭律师)提供案情摘要 2  instruct (an employee, a participant, etc.) in preparation for a task; inform or instruct thoroughly in advance (cf. 参见 DEBRIEF) 给(雇工、参与者等)布置任务；事先详细介绍(或指示)  briefed him for the interview  事先向他介绍有关面试的事宜 □ be brief   use few words 简单地说□ hold a brief for   1  argue in favour of 为…辩护 2 Brit.  be retained as counsel for [英]为…当辩护人□ in brief   in short 简而言之□ briefly  adv.  □ briefness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French bref, Old French brief, from Latin brevis ‘short’]

briefcase /ˈbri:fkeis/ n.  a flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc. (携带文件等的)公文包

briefing /ˈbri:fiŋ/ n.  1  a meeting for giving information or instructions 情况通报会；工作布置会 2  the information or instructions given; a brief 情况介绍；简报 3  the action of informing or instructing 通知；指示

briefless /ˈbri:flis/ adj. Brit. Law (of a barrister) having no clients [英]【法律】(辩护人)无人委聘的

brier1 /ˈbraiə/ n. (also 亦作 briar)  any prickly bush esp. of a wild rose 多刺的灌木(尤指野玫瑰) □ briery  adj.   [Old English brœˉr, brēr, of unknown origin]

brier2 /ˈbraiə/ n. (also 亦作 briar)  1  a white heath, Erica arborea, native to S. Europe 欧石南(一种白色灌木) 2  a tobacco pipe made from its root (欧石南根制作的)烟斗 [19th-c. bruyer from French bruyère ‘heath’]

brier rose n.  dog rose 犬蔷薇

Brig. abbr. [缩略]  Brigadier 

brig1 /briɡ/ n.  1  a two-masted square-rigged ship, with an additional lower fore-and-aft sail on the gaff and a boom to the mainmast 横帆双桅船 2 slang  a prison, esp. on a warship [俚语] (尤指军舰上的)禁闭室 [abbreviation of BRIGANTINE]

brig2 Sc. & N. Engl. var.  of BRIDGE1 n. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] BRIDGE1 名词的变体

brigade /briˈɡeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a subdivision of an army 陆军的编制单位b  a British infantry unit consisting usu. of three battalions and forming part of a division 旅(通常由 3 个营组成)c  a corresponding armoured unit 大部队 2  an organized or uniformed band of workers (由有组织统一着装的人员组成的)队  fire brigade  消防队 3 colloq.  a group of people with a characteristic in common [口] (具有共同特点的)一伙人  the couldn't-care-less brigade  凡事都满不在乎的一伙人 ●v. tr.  form into a brigade 编成一个旅 [French from Italian brigata ‘company’, from brigare ‘be busy with’, from briga ‘strife’]

brigadier /briɡəˈdiə/ n. Brit. Mil. [英]【军】  1  an officer commanding a brigade 旅长 2  a  a staff officer of similar standing, above a colonel and below a major general 准将b  the titular rank granted to such an officer 准将军衔 [French (as BRIGADE, -IER)]

brigadier general n.  an officer ranking next above colonel in the US army, air force, and marine corps (美军海、陆、空部队的)准将

brigalow /ˈbriɡələʊ/ n. Austral.  any of various acacia trees, esp. Acacia harpophylla [澳]金合欢属植物(尤指镰叶相思树) [Aboriginal, perhaps Kamilaroi burriigal]

brigand /ˈbriɡ(ə)nd/ n.  a member of a robber band living by pillage and ransom, usu. in wild terrain (通常出没山林的)土匪，强盗 □ brigandage  n.  □ brigandry  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Italian brigante, from brigare: see BRIGADE]

brigantine /ˈbriɡ(ə)nti:n/ n.  a two-masted sailing ship with a square-rigged foremast and a fore-and-aft-rigged mainmast (前桅挂横帆，主桅挂纵帆的)双桅帆船 [in earlier use, a small vessel used by pirates: Old French brigandine or Italian brigantino from brigante BRIGAND]

bright /brait/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  emitting or reflecting much light; shining 发光的；反光的；明亮的 2 (of colour) intense, vivid (色彩)浓艳的；醒目的 3  clever, talented, quick-witted 聪明的，有才华的，机灵的  a bright idea  好主意 a bright child  聪明的孩子 4  cheerful, vivacious 愉快的；活泼的 ●adv. esp. poet.  brightly [尤诗]明亮地  the moon shone bright  月亮发出明亮的光 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  bright colours 艳丽的色彩 2 N. Amer.  headlights switched to full beam [北美]闪亮的前灯(车头灯) □ bright and early   very early in the morning 一大早；大清早□ bright-eyed and bushy-tailed  colloq.  alert and sprightly [口]活泼而充满生机的□ look on the bright side   be optimistic 乐观的，看到事物光明的一面□ brightish  adj.  □ brightly  adv.  □ brightness  n.   [Old English beorht, (adv.) beorhte, from Germanic]

brighten /ˈbrait(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  make or become brighter (使)更明亮；(使)生色；(使)焕发光彩 2  make or become more cheerful (使)更愉快

bright lights n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the glamour and excitement of the city (城市的)娱乐场所

Bright's disease /ˈbraits diˌzi:z/ n.  nephritis 布赖特病；肾小球肾炎 [R. Bright, English physician d. 1858]

bright spark n. colloq.  a witty, lively, or intelligent person [口]聪明又快乐而活泼的人

Brigid /ˈbridʒit/   布里奇特 [人名]

brill1 /bril/ n.  a European flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus, resembling a turbot 菱鲆(产于欧洲) [15th c.: origin unknown]

brill2 /bril/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = BRILLIANTadj. 4  [abbreviation]

brilliance /ˈbrilj(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 brilliancy /-ənsi/)  1  great brightness; sparkling or radiant quality 光辉，光彩 2  outstanding talent or intelligence 卓越的才华(或才智)

brilliant /ˈbrilj(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  very bright; sparkling 非常明亮的；光辉夺目的 2  outstandingly talented or intelligent 极聪明的，才华横溢的 3  showy; outwardly impressive 炫耀的；辉煌的 4 Brit. colloq.  excellent, superb [英口]卓越的，杰出的，英明的 ●n.  a diamond of the finest cut with many facets 多面形钻石 □ brilliantly  adv.   [French brillant, part. of briller ‘shine’, from Italian brillare, probably from Latin beryllus BERYL]

brilliantine /ˈbrilj(ə)nti:n/ n.  1  an oily liquid dressing for making the hair glossy 润发油 2 US  a lustrous dress fabric [美]闪光薄呢 [French brillantine (as BRILLIANT)]

brim /brim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the edge or lip of a cup or other vessel, or of a hollow (杯子等容器或坑、穴等的)边，边沿 2  the projecting edge of a hat 帽檐 ●v. tr. & intr. (brimmed, brimming)  fill or be full to the brim 满，充盈；注满 □ brim over   overflow 溢出□ brimless  adj.  □ brimmed  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English brimme, of unknown origin]

brim-full adj. (also 亦作 brimful) (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  filled to the brim 满到边缘的；充盈的

brimstone /ˈbrimst(ə)n, -stəʊn/ n.  1 archaic  the element sulphur [古义]硫磺 2  a butterfly, Gonepteryx rhamni, or moth, Opisthograptis luteolata, having yellow wings 黄粉蝶；黄蛾 [Middle English probably from Old English bryne ‘burning’ + STONE]

brindled /ˈbrind(ə)ld/ adj. (also 亦作 brindle)  brownish or tawny with streaks of other colour (esp. of domestic animals) (尤指家畜)棕色底上杂有其他颜色之斑纹的 [earlier brinded, brended from brend, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

brine /brain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt 浓盐水；卤水 2  sea water 海水 ●v. tr.  soak in or saturate with brine 用浓盐水浸泡(或处理) [Old English brīne, of unknown origin]

brine shrimp n.  a small crustacean of the genus Artemia, inhabiting salt lakes etc. and used as food for aquarium fish (生长于盐湖等处，用作鱼饲料的)海水丰年虾；卤虫

bring /briŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. brought /brɔ:t/)  1  a  come conveying esp. by carrying or leading (尤指用带或领的方式)带来，拿来b  come with 引来 2  cause to come or be present 把…带来，把…引来  what brings you here?  什么风把你给吹来了？ 3  cause or result in 导致；引起  war brings misery  战争带来不幸 4  be sold for; produce as income 卖得；赚得(收入) 5  a  prefer (a charge) 提出(指控)b  initiate (legal action) 提起(诉讼) 6  cause to become or to reach a particular state 使成为(或达到)某种状态  brings me alive  使我活了下来 brought them to their senses  使他们恢复理智 cannot bring myself to agree  不能使我同意 7  adduce (evidence, an argument, etc.) 引证(证据、论据等) □ bring about   1  cause to happen 使发生；导致 2  turn (a ship) around 使船掉头□ bring back   call to mind 回想起□ bring down   1  cause to fall 使落下；使跌倒 2  lower (a price) 降低(价格) 3 slang  make unhappy or less happy [俚语]使垂头丧气；使沮丧 4 colloq.  damage the reputation of; demean [口]使名誉扫地；贬低□ bring forth   1  produce, emit, cause 产生；散发出；引起 2  give birth to 生(子)；结(果)□ bring forward   1  move to an earlier date or time 提前，将…提前 2  transfer from the previous page or account 转入下一页(或下一次账) 3  draw attention to; adduce 关注；引证□ bring home to   cause to realize fully 使清楚地认识到；使深切地感到  brought home to me that I was wrong  使我深感自己错了□ bring the house down   receive rapturous applause 博得满堂喝彩□ bring in   1  introduce (legislation, a custom, fashion, topic, etc.) 提出(议案)；引入(习俗、时尚、话题等) 2  yield as income or profit 获得收入(或利润)□ bring into play   cause to operate; activate 使活动；使发挥作用□ bring low   1  overcome; deject 战胜，克服；使沮丧 2  humiliate 使受屈辱□ bring off   achieve successfully 圆满完成□ bring on   1  cause to happen or appear 引起，使发生 2  accelerate the progress of 促进，助长□ bring out   1  emphasize; make evident 强调；揭示，阐明 2  publish 出版□ bring over   convert to one's own side 使转变；说服□ bring round (or US [美] around)   1  restore to consciousness 使恢复知觉 2  persuade 说服□ bring through   aid (a person) through adversity, esp. illness 使(某人)脱险；使(尤指病人)转危为安□ bring to   1  restore to consciousness 使苏醒  brought him to  使他苏醒过来 2  check the motion of 使停驶□ bring to bear  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  direct and concentrate (forces) 瞄准；集中力量□ bring to light   see 见 LIGHT1 □ bring to mind   recall; cause one to remember 回忆；使回想起□ bring to pass   cause to happen 实现；使发生□ bring under   subdue 制服□ bring up   1  rear (a child) 养育(孩子) 2  vomit, regurgitate 呕吐；反胃 3  call attention to 使注意 4 (absol. [含宾])  stop suddenly 使急停，突然停止□ bring upon oneself   be responsible for (something one suffers) (为一个人所做的某事)自作自受□ bringer  n.   [Old English bringan, from Germanic]

bring-and-buy sale n. Brit.  a charity sale at which participants bring items for sale and buy what is brought by others [英]义卖(慈善性销售所带物品)

brinjal /ˈbrindʒɔ:l/ n. (in India and Africa) an aubergine (印度和非洲的)茄子 [ultimately from Portuguese berinjela from Arabic (as AUBERGINE)]

brink /briŋk/ n.  1  the extreme edge of land before a precipice, river, etc., esp. when a sudden drop follows (悬崖的)边缘；(尤指河等的)陡岸 2  the furthest point before something dangerous or exciting is discovered (危险或刺激的)边缘 □ on the brink of   about to experience or suffer; in imminent danger of 即将经历(或遭受)；处于…危险边缘 [Middle English from Old Norse: origin unknown]

brinkmanship /ˈbriŋkmənʃip/ n.  the art or policy of pursuing a dangerous course to the brink of catastrophe before desisting, esp. in politics (尤指在政治上)边缘策略；边缘政策

briny /ˈbraini/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of brine or the sea; salty 卤水的；海水的；咸的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  the sea [英] [俚语]海洋 □ brininess  n.  

brio /ˈbri:əʊ/ n.  dash, vigour, vivacity 活力，精力，活泼 [Italian]

brioche /bri:ˈɒʃ, ˈbri:ɒʃ/ n.  a small rounded sweet roll made with a light yeast dough 奶油鸡蛋卷 [French]

briquette /briˈket/ n. (also 亦作 briquet)  a block of compressed coal dust used as fuel 煤球，煤砖 [French briquette, diminutive of brique ‘brick’]

Brisbane /ˈbrizbən/ n.  布里斯班 [澳大利亚港市]

brisk /brisk/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  quick, lively, keen 敏捷的，轻快的；热切的  a brisk pace  轻快的步伐 brisk trade  活跃的行情 2  enlivening; fresh, keen 生机勃勃的；清新的  a brisk wind  清爽的风 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make or grow brisk (使)轻快；(使)活跃 □ brisken  v. tr. & intr.  □ briskly  adv.  □ briskness  n.   [probably French brusque BRUSQUE]

brisket /ˈbriskit/ n.  an animal's breast, esp. as a joint of meat (动物的)胸部；胸肉 [Anglo-French from Old French bruschet, perhaps from Old Norse]

brisling /ˈbrisliŋ, ˈbriz-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or brislings)  a small herring or sprat 小鲱鱼；西鲱 [Norwegian & Danish, = sprat]

bristle /ˈbris(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short stiff hair, esp. one of those on an animal's back (尤指动物背部的)短而硬的毛，刚毛，鬃毛 2  such hairs, or a man-made substitute, used in clumps to make a brush 鬃毛状物；刷子毛 ●v.  1  a intr. (of the hair) stand upright, esp. in anger or pride (毛发因发怒或骄傲而)竖立b tr.  make (the hair) do this (使毛发)直立 2 intr.  show irritation or defensiveness 被激怒；准备战斗 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be covered or abundant (in) 布满，充满  pages bristling with images  充满想像的篇章 [Middle English bristel, brestel from Old English byrst]

bristlecone pine /ˈbris(ə)lkəʊn/ n.  a very long-lived shrubby pine of western N. America, Pinus aristata, used in dendrochronology 芒果松(生长在北美西部，寿命长的灌木状松树，可用于树木年代学研究)

bristletail /ˈbris(ə)lteil/ n.  a small primitive wingless insect of the order Thysanura or Diplura, with three or two terminal bristles respectively, e.g. a silverfish 缨尾虫(缨尾目或双尾目中长硬毛的无翅昆虫，如西洋衣鱼)

bristly /ˈbrisli/ adj.  full of bristles; rough, prickly 长满硬毛的；粗糙的；有刺的

Bristol board /ˈbrist(ə)l/ n.  a kind of fine smooth pasteboard for drawing on (绘画用的)优质纸板 [Bristol in S. England]

Bristol fashion /ˈbrist(ə)l/ n. (functioning as 用作 predic. adj.) (in full 全称 shipshape and Bristol fashion) Brit. orig. Naut.  with all in good order [英] (源自)【海】井井有条的，整齐的

bristols /ˈbrist(ə)lz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  a woman's breasts [英] [俚语] (妇女的)乳房，奶子 [rhyming slang from Bristol Cities = titties]

Brit /brit/ n. colloq.  a British person [口]英国人 [abbreviation]

Britain /ˈbritən/ n.  英国；大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 [欧洲]

Britannia /briˈtænjə/ n.  the personification of Britain, esp. as a helmeted woman with shield and trident 英国的拟人化称呼(以头戴钢盔、手持盾牌及三叉戟的女人为象征) [Latin from Greek Brettania, from Brettanoi, ‘Britons’]

Britannia metal n.  a silvery alloy of tin, antimony, and copper 不列颠合金(一种银白色锡锑铜合金)

Britannia silver n.  silver that is at least 95.8 per cent pure 不列颠银(纯度至少为 95.8%)

Britannic /briˈtænik/ adj. (esp. in 尤用于 His (or Her) Britannic Majesty)  of Britain 不列颠的；英国的 [Latin Britannicus (as BRITANNIA)]

Briticism /ˈbritisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Britishism /-ʃiz(ə)m/)  an idiom used in Britain but not in other English-speaking countries 英国人而非其他说英语的国家特有的习语 [BRITISH, on the pattern of GALLICISM]

British /ˈbritiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom, or to its people or language (有关)大不列颠的； (有关)英国的；(有关)英国人的；(有关)英语的 2  of the British Commonwealth or (formerly) the British Empire 英联邦的；[旧指]英帝国的  British subject  英国臣民，英国国民 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the British people 英国人 □ Britishness  n.   [Old English Brettisc etc. from Bret ‘Briton’, from Latin Britto or its Celtic equivalent]

British English n.  English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere 英国英语

Britisher /ˈbritiʃə/ n.  a British subject 英国国民

Britishism var.  of BRITICISM  BRITICISM 的变体

British Legion n.  = ROYAL BRITISH LEGION 

British Summer Time n.  time as advanced one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time for daylight saving between March and October 英国夏令时间(比格林尼治时间早 1 小时)

British thermal unit n.  the amount of heat needed to raise 1 lb of water at maximum density through one degree Fahrenheit, equivalent to 1.055 × 103 joules 英制热单位(将 1 磅水升高华氏 1 度所需的热量，等于 1.055 × 103 焦耳)

Briton /ˈbrit(ə)n/ n.  1  one of the people of southern Britain before the Roman conquest 布立吞人(古代南部不列颠人的一支) 2  a native or inhabitant of Great Britain or (formerly) of the British Empire 大不列颠人(居民)；[旧指]大英帝国人(居民) [Middle English & Old French Breton, from Latin Britto -onis or its Celtic equivalent]

brittle /ˈbrit(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  hard and fragile; apt to break 硬而脆的；易碎的 ●n.  a brittle sweet made from nuts and set melted sugar 果仁薄脆糖 □ brittlely  adv.  □ brittleness  n.   [Middle English, ultimately from a Germanic root related to Old English brēotan ‘break up’]

brittle-bone disease n. Brit. [英]  = OSTEOPOROSIS 

brittle-star n.  an echinoderm of the class Ophiuroidea, with long flexible arms radiating from a small central body 蛇尾(蛇尾纲棘皮动物)

Brittonic /briˈtɒnik/ adj. & n.  = BRYTHONIC  [Latin Britto -onis Briton]

bro. abbr. [缩略]  brother 

broach /brəʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  raise (a subject) for discussion 提出(议题)；提议 2 tr.  pierce (a cask) to draw liquor 在(桶)上打眼汲取液体 3 tr.  open and start using the contents of (a box, bale, bottle, etc.) 打开(盒子、捆包、瓶子等)并启用其中之物 4 tr.  begin drawing (liquor) 开始汲取(酒) 5 intr. & tr.  veer or cause (a ship) to veer and present a side to the wind and waves (使) (船)突然横转(侧面迎向风浪) ●n.  1  a bit for boring 钻头 2  a roasting-spit (烤肉用的)炙叉 [Middle English from Old French broche (n.), brocher (v.), ultimately from Latin brocc(h)us ‘projecting’]

broach spire n.  an octagonal church spire rising from a square tower without a parapet (教堂塔楼的)八面锥形尖顶

broad /brɔ:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  large in extent from one side to the other; wide 宽的；阔的；广的 2 (following a measurement) in breadth 宽阔的(用在量词之后)  2 metres broad  两米宽 3  spacious or extensive 辽阔的；宽广的  broad acres  广袤的土地 a broad plain  辽阔的平原 4  full and clear 敞亮的  broad daylight  大白天，光天化日 5  explicit, unmistakable 明确的；无误的  broad hint  明白的暗示 6  general; not taking account of detail 一般的，大致的；粗略的  broad intentions  一般意图 a broad inquiry  笼统的质询 in the broadest sense of the word  按这个词最广义的解释 7 (of speech) markedly regional (说话)带有明显地方口音的  broad Scots  很重的苏格兰口音 8  chief or principal 主要的；最重要的  the broad facts  重要的事实 9  tolerant, liberal; widely inclusive 宽容的；心胸开阔的；豁达的  take a broad view  持豁达开明的看法 10  somewhat coarse (有点)粗俗的  broad humour  下流的俏皮话，粗俗的幽默 ●n.  1  the broad part of something 宽阔的部分  broad of the back  肩宽 2 N. Amer. slang offens.  a woman [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]女人，娘们 3 (作 the Broads) Brit.  large areas of fresh water in E. Anglia, formed where rivers widen [英]湖沼地区(英吉利东部) □ broadness  n.  □ broadways  adv.  □ broadwise  adv.   [Old English brɑˉd, from Germanic]

broad arrow n.  a mark formerly used on British prison clothing and other Government stores (旧时英国用于囚衣和政府物品上的)镞形标记

broadband /ˈbrɔ:dbænd/ attrib. adj.  relating to or using signals over a broad range of frequencies, esp. in high-capacity telecommunications (尤指在大容量电信中) (有关或)使用宽(频)带的；宽波段的

broad bean n.  1  a kind of bean, Vicia faba, with pods containing large edible flat seeds 蚕豆 2  one of these seeds 蚕豆种

broad-brush attrib. adj.  as if painted with a broad brush; general; lacking in detail 粗线条的；一般的；泛泛的  adopted a broad-brush approach  采用粗线条的方法

broadcast /ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. (past broadcast and past part. broadcast or broadcasted)  1 tr.  a  transmit (programmes or information) by radio or television 无线电(或电视)广播(节目、消息)b  disseminate (information) widely 广泛传播(消息) 2 intr.  undertake or take part in a radio or television transmission 参与(无线电或电视节目)播放 3 tr.  scatter (seed etc.) over a large area, esp. by hand (尤指用手)播撒(种子等) ●n.  a radio or television programme or transmission 无线电(电视广播)节目 ●adj.  1  transmitted by radio or television (无线电、电视)广播的 2  a  scattered widely 散布广的b (of information etc.) widely disseminated (消息等)四处传播的 ●adv.  over a large area 广泛地 □ broadcaster  n.  □ broadcasting  n.   [BROAD + CAST past part.]

Broad Church n.  1  a group within the Anglican Church favouring a liberal interpretation of doctrine 宽和(教会)派(英国国教中主张不拘泥于教条的派别) 2 Brit.  any group allowing its members a wide range of opinion [英]任何允许其成员接受各种意见的派别

broadcloth /ˈbrɔ:dklɒθ/ n.  a fine cloth of wool, cotton, or silk (毛、棉、丝织成的)细平布 [originally with reference to width and quality]

broaden /ˈbrɔ:d(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become broader 加宽；变宽

broad gauge n.  a railway track with a gauge wider than the standard one (比标准轨距宽的)宽轨铁路

broadleaved /brɔ:dˈli:vd/ adj. (of a tree) having relatively broad flat leaves rather than needles; non-coniferous (树)阔叶的；非针叶的 □ broadleaf  n. & attrib. adj.  

broadloom /ˈbrɔ:dlu:m/ adj. (esp. of carpet) woven in broad widths (尤指地毯)宽幅的

broadly /ˈbrɔ:dli/ adv.  in a broad manner; widely 大体上；广泛地  grinned broadly  开怀大笑 □ broadly speaking   disregarding minor exceptions 大体上讲，总而言之

broad-minded /brɔ:dˈmaindid/ adj.  tolerant or liberal in one's views 宽容的，开明的，大度的 □ broad-mindedly  adv.  □ broad-mindedness  n.  

broad pennant n.  a short swallow-tailed pennant distinguishing the commodore's ship in a squadron (海军分遣队指挥官所在舰的)阔三角燕尾旗

broadsheet /ˈbrɔ:dʃi:t/ n.  1  a large sheet of paper printed on one side only, esp. with information (单面印有信息的)大张印刷品 2  a newspaper with a large format (全开尺寸)报纸

broadside /ˈbrɔ:dsaid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the firing of all guns from one side of a ship (战舰一侧的)舷炮齐发 2  a vigorous verbal onslaught (口头的)猛烈抨击 3  the side of a ship above the water between the bow and quarter (水面以上的)舷侧 ●v. tr. N. Amer.  collide with the side of (a vehicle etc.) [北美] (车辆等)侧面碰撞 □ broadside on   sideways on 侧面地

broad spectrum adj. (of a medicinal substance) effective against a large variety of micro-organisms (药物)广谱的

broadsword /ˈbrɔ:dsɔ:d/ n.  a sword with a broad blade, for cutting rather than thrusting (宽刃)大砍刀

broadtail /ˈbrɔ:dteil/ n.  1  the karakul sheep 卡腊库耳大尾绵羊 2  the fleece or wool from its lamb 卡腊库耳大尾绵羔羊的皮毛

broadway /ˈbrɔ:dwei/ n.  a large open or main road 宽阔的马路；公路

brocade /brəˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  a rich fabric with a silky finish woven with a raised pattern, and often with gold or silver thread (用金银丝线织出的)浮花锦缎；(织)锦缎 ●v. tr.  weave with this design 织出浮花 [Spanish & Portuguese brocado from Italian broccato, from brocco ‘twisted thread’]

broccoli /ˈbrɒkəli/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage, similar to the cauliflower, with a loose cluster of greenish flower buds (与菜花相似的)球花甘蓝 2  the flower stalk and head used as a vegetable 嫩茎花椰菜，西兰花菜 [Italian, pl. of broccolo, diminutive of brocco ‘sprout’]

broch /brɒk, brɒx/ n. (in Scotland) a prehistoric circular stone tower (苏格兰)史前圆形石塔 [alteration of BURGH: cf. Old Norse borg ‘castle’]

brochette /brɒˈʃet/ n.  a skewer on which chunks of meat are cooked, esp. over an open fire (尤指置于露天火上烤肉用的)小炙叉 [French, diminutive of broche BROACH]

brochure /ˈbrəʊʃə, brɒˈʃʊə/ n.  a pamphlet or leaflet, esp. one giving descriptive information (介绍情况的)小册子 [French, literally ‘a stitched work’, from brocher ‘stitch’]

brock /brɒk/ n. Brit. (esp. in rural use) a badger [英] (尤指农村用语)獾 [Old English broc(c), of Celtic origin: cf. Welsh broch, Irish, Gaelic broc]

Brocken spectre /ˈbrɒk(ə)n/ n.  a magnified shadow of the observer, often surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown on to a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low 布罗肯幻影(在云雾弥漫的高山地区出现的被光圈环绕的巨大影像) [Brocken, the highest of the Harz Mountains in Germany, where it was first reported]

brocket /ˈbrɒkit/ n.  any small deer of the genus Mazama, native to Central and S. America, having short straight antlers (产于中、南美洲的)墨西哥鹿 [Middle English from Anglo-French broque, variant of broche BROACH]

broderie anglaise /ˌbrəʊd(ə)ri ɒŋˈɡleiz/ n.  open embroidery on white linen or cambric, esp. in floral patterns (尤指刺在白亚麻布、细薄布上带有雕空花卉图案的)英格兰刺绣；白色网眼花卉刺绣 [French, = English embroidery]

brogue1 /brəʊɡ/ n.  1  a strong outdoor shoe with ornamental perforated bands 拷花皮鞋 2  a rough shoe of untanned leather (未经鞣制的)粗皮鞋 [Gaelic & Irish brōg from Old Norse brók]

brogue2 /brəʊɡ/ n.  a marked accent, esp. Irish (尤指带爱尔兰口音的)土腔，方言口音 [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps allusively from BROGUE1, referring to the rough footwear of Irish peasants]

broil1 /brɔil/ v. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1 tr.  cook (meat) on a rack or a gridiron (在铁架上)烤(或炙) (肉) 2 tr. & intr.  make or become very hot, esp. from the sun 受到(尤指阳光)灼烤；感到极热 [Middle English from Old French bruler ‘burn’ from Romanic]

broil2 /brɔil/ n.  a row; a tumult 争吵；混乱 [obsolete broil ‘to muddle’: cf. EMBROIL]

broiler /ˈbrɔilə/ n.  1  a young chicken raised for broiling or roasting (适合烤炙的)童子鸡 2  a gridiron etc. for broiling 炙烤架(烤焙锅等) 3 colloq.  a very hot day [口]酷暑；大热天

broiler house n. Brit.  a building for rearing broiler chickens in close confinement [英] (专门饲养炙烤鸡的)鸡房

broke /brəʊk/ past  of BREAK1 ; predic. adj. colloq. having no money; financially ruined [口]身无分文的；破了产的 □ go for broke  slang  risk everything in an all-out effort [俚语]孤注一掷 [(adj.) archaic past part. of BREAK1]

broken /ˈbrəʊk(ə)n/ past part. of BREAK1; adj.  1  that has been broken; out of order 被打破的；出了毛病的 2 (of a person) reduced to despair; defeated (人)绝望的；颓废的 3 (of a language or of speech) spoken falteringly and with many mistakes, as by a foreigner (语言、讲话)结结巴巴的；蹩脚的  broken English  蹩脚的英语 4  disturbed, interrupted 受打搅的；被打断的  broken time  零碎的时间 5  uneven 凹凸不平的；崎岖的  broken ground  坑坑洼洼的地面 □ brokenly  adv.  □ brokenness  /ˈbrəʊk(ə)nnis/ n.  

broken chord n. Mus.  a chord in which the notes are played successively 【音】分解和弦

broken-down adj.  1  worn out by age, use, or ill-treatment 破旧的；失修的；极其衰弱的 2  not functioning 出了毛病的

broken-hearted adj.  overwhelmed with sorrow or grief 伤心的；心碎的 □ broken-heartedness  n.  

broken home n.  a family in which the parents are divorced or separated 破裂的家庭(父母离异或分居)

broken reed n.  a person who has become unreliable or ineffective 不可信赖的人；不可靠的人

broken wind n.  a chronic disabling condition of a horse due to ruptured air-cells in the lungs (马的)肺气肿病 □ broken-winded  adj.  

broker /ˈbrəʊkə/ n.  1  an agent who buys and sells for others; a middleman 经纪人；中(间)人；掮客 2  a member of the Stock Exchange dealing in stocks and shares 证券经纪人；股票经纪人 3 Brit.  an official appointed to sell or appraise distrained goods [英]出售(或评估)扣押物品的官员 [Middle English from Anglo-French brocour, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 The term broker in sense 2 was officially replaced in the UK by broker-dealer in 1986, broker-dealers being entitled to act both as agents and principals in share dealings. 在第 2 个释义中， broker 一词在英国已于 1986 年被 broker-dealer 正式取代，在股票交易中，既可指代理人，又可指委托人。 

brokerage /ˈbrəʊk(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the action or service of a broker 经纪业；掮客业务 2  a company providing such a service 中介公司 3  a broker's fee or commission (付给中间人的)手续费；中介费

broker-dealer n.  a person combining the former functions of a broker and jobber on the Stock Exchange (集代理、委托为一身的)证券交易商

broking /ˈbrəʊkiŋ/ n. Brit.  the trade or business of a broker [英]经纪业

brolga /ˈbrɒlɡə/ n. Austral.  a large Australian crane, Grus rubicunda, with a booming call 【澳】澳洲鹤 [Kamilaroi (and other Aboriginal languages) burralga]

brolly /ˈbrɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  an umbrella [口]伞 2 slang  a parachute [俚语]降落伞 [abbreviation]

bromate /ˈbrəʊmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of bromic acid 【化】溴酸盐；溴酸脂

brome /brəʊm/ n.  any oatlike grass of the genus Bromus, having slender stems with flowering spikes 雀麦草 [modern Latin Bromus from Greek bromos ‘oat’]

bromelia /brəˈmi:liə/ n. (also 亦作 bromeliad /-liæd/)  any plant of the family Bromeliaceae (esp. of the genus Bromelia), native to the New World, having short stems with rosettes of stiff usu. spiny leaves, e.g. pineapple 凤梨科植物(尤指凤梨属植物，生于西半球，通常叶上有刺，如菠萝) [O. Bromel, Swedish botanist d. 1705]

bromic /ˈbrəʊmik/ adj. Chem.  of or containing bromine 【化】溴的；含溴的

bromic acid n.  a strong acid used as an oxidizing agent 溴酸

bromide /ˈbrəʊmaid/ n.  1 Chem.  any compound of bromine with another element or group 【化】溴化物 2 Pharm.  a preparation of usu. potassium bromide, used as a sedative 【药】(通常为溴化钾)镇静剂 3  a trite remark 陈腐庸俗的话 4 Brit.  a reproduction or proof on bromide paper [英] (印在溴化银相纸上的)图像；照相稿

bromide paper n.  a photographic printing paper coated with silver bromide emulsion 溴化银相纸

bromine /ˈbrəʊmi:n/ n. Chem.  a dark fuming liquid element with a choking irritating smell, extracted from bittern and used in the manufacture of chemicals for photography and medicine (symbol 符 Br) 【化】(化学元素)溴 □ bromism  n.   [French brome from Greek brōmos ‘stink’]

bromo- /ˈbrəʊməʊ/ comb. form Chem.  bromine [构词成分]【化】溴的

bronc /brɒŋk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = BRONCO  [abbreviation]

bronchi pl.  of BRONCHUS  

bronchial /ˈbrɒŋkiəl/ adj.  of or relating to the bronchi or bronchioles (有关)支气管的；(有关)细支气管的

bronchial tree n.  the branching system of bronchi and bronchioles conducting air from the windpipe into the lungs 支气管树，支气管系统

bronchiole /ˈbrɒŋkiəʊl/ n.  any of the minute divisions of a bronchus 细支气管 □ bronchiolar  /-ˈəʊlə/ adj.  

bronchitis /brɒŋˈkaitis/ n.  inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes 支气管炎 □ bronchitic  /-ˈkitik/ adj. & n.  

broncho- /ˈbrɒŋkəʊ/ comb. form  bronchi [构词成分]支气管

bronchodilator /ˌbrɒŋkəʊdaiˈleitə/ n.  a substance which causes widening of the bronchi, used esp. to alleviate asthma (尤指减轻哮喘用的)支气管扩张药

bronchopneumonia /ˌbrɒŋkəʊnju:ˈməʊniə/ n.  inflammation of the lungs, arising in the bronchi or bronchioles 支气管肺炎

bronchoscope /ˈbrɒŋkəskəʊp/ n.  a usu. fibre-optic instrument for inspecting the bronchi (通常为光纤)支气管镜 □ bronchoscopy  /-ˈkɒskəpi/ n.  

bronchus /ˈbrɒŋkəs/ n. (pl. bronchi /-kai/)  any of the major air passages of the lungs, esp. either of the two main divisions of the windpipe (尤指肺两侧的)支气管 [Late Latin from Greek brogkhos, ‘windpipe’]

bronco /ˈbrɒŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a wild or half-tamed horse of the western US (美国西部的)野马(或半驯化马) [Spanish, = rough]

broncobuster /ˈbrɒŋkəʊˌbʌstə/ n. US slang  a person who breaks in horses [美] [俚语]驯马师

brontosaurus /brɒntəˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (also 亦作 brontosaur /ˈbrɒntəsɔ:/)  = APATOSAURUS  [former genus name, from Greek brontē ‘thunder’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

bronze /brɒnz/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  an alloy of copper with up to one-third tin 青铜(铜与锡的合金) 2  its brownish colour 青铜色 3  a thing made of bronze, esp. as a work of art 尤指作为艺术品的青铜制品 ●adj.  made of or coloured like bronze 青铜制的；青铜色的 ●v.  1 tr.  give a surface of bronze or resembling bronze to 在…上镀青铜；上青铜色于 2 tr. & intr.  make or become brown; tan 使变成黄褐色；晒黑 □ bronzy  adj.   [French from Italian bronzo, probably from Persian birinj ‘copper’]

Bronze Age n.  the period preceding the Iron Age, when weapons and tools were usu. made of bronze (通常武器及用具均用青铜制成的)青铜器时代

bronze medal n.  a bronze-coloured medal, usu. awarded as third prize 铜牌(通常授予第三名)

brooch /brəʊtʃ/ n.  an ornament fastened to clothing with a hinged pin 胸针(一种饰针) [Middle English broche = BROACH n.]

brood /bru:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the young of an animal (esp. a bird) produced at one hatching or birth (一窝孵出的)幼雏(尤指鸟) 2 colloq.  the children in a family [口] (一个家庭的)所有孩子 3  a group of related things 一类，一批，一伙，一群 4  bee or wasp larvae (蜜蜂或黄蜂的)幼蜂 5 (作 attrib.)  kept for breeding 为繁育而饲养的  brood mare  传种母马 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, over, etc.)  worry or ponder (esp. resentfully) 忧虑；(尤指怨忿地)沉思 2  a intr.  sit as a hen on eggs to hatch them 母鸡抱窝似地静坐b tr.  sit on (eggs) to hatch them 孵(蛋) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over) (of silence, a storm, etc.) hang or hover closely (寂静、暴风雨等)笼罩；盘旋 □ broodingly  adv.   [Old English brōd from Germanic: related to BREED]

brooder /ˈbru:də/ n.  1  a heated house for chicks, piglets, etc. 育鸡(小猪等)暖房 2  a person who broods 育雏的人；沉思的人

broody /ˈbru:di/ adj. (broodier, broodiest)  1 (of a hen) wanting to brood (母鸡)要抱窝的 2  sullenly thoughtful or depressed 郁郁沉思的；抑郁的 3 colloq. (of a woman) wanting to have a baby [口] (女人)想要孩子的 □ broodily  adv.  □ broodiness  n.  

brook1 /brʊk/ n.  a small stream 小溪 □ brooklet  /-lit/ n.  小涧；细流 [Old English brōc, of unknown origin]

brook2 /brʊk/ v. tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) formal  tolerate, allow [正式]容忍；容许 [Old English brūcan from Germanic]

brooklime /ˈbrʊklaim/ n.  a kind of speedwell, Veronica beccabunga, growing in wet areas 婆婆纳(长于湿地) [BROOK1 + Old English hleomoce, name of the plant]

brookweed /ˈbrʊkwi:d/ n.  a small white-flowered plant, Samolus valerandi, of the primrose family, growing in wet ground 溪草，水繁缕，水茴草(一种开小白花的报春花科植物)

broom /bru:m/ n.  1  a long-handled brush of bristles, twigs, etc. for sweeping (originally one made of twigs of broom) (长柄鬃毛或细枝的)扫帚；笤帚(原为金雀花属植物的细枝做成) 2  any of various shrubs, esp. Cytisus scoparius, bearing bright yellow flowers 金雀花属植物(尤指金雀花) [Old English brōm, from the Germanic base of BRAMBLE]

broomrape /ˈbru:mreip/ n.  a parasitic plant of the genus Orobanche, with tubular flowers on a leafless brown stem, and living on the roots of broom and similar plants (列当属)肉苁蓉(一种寄生于金雀花根部的植物) [BROOM + Latin rapum, ‘tuber’]

broomstick /ˈbru:mstik/ n.  the handle of a broom, esp. as allegedly ridden through the air by witches 扫帚柄(尤指传说中女巫乘骑的扫帚柄)

Bros. abbr.  Brothers (esp. in the name of a firm) [缩略]兄弟(尤指用于公司名称)

brose /brəʊz/ n. esp. Sc.  a dish of oatmeal with boiling water or milk poured on it [尤苏格兰]麦片糊(在麦片中加入开水、牛奶制成) [Scots form of brewis ‘broth’: Middle English from Old French bro(u)ez, ultimately from Germanic]

broth /brɒθ/ n.  1  a  a thin soup of meat or fish stock (肉、鱼的)原汁清汤b  unclarified meat or fish stock 肉汤；鱼汤 2 Biol.  meat stock as a nutrient medium for bacteria 【生】(肉汤作为细菌)培养基 [Old English from Germanic: related to BREW]

brothel /ˈbrɒθ(ə)l/ n.  a house etc. where prostitution takes place 妓院(窑子等) [originally brothel-house from Middle English brothel ‘worthless man, prostitute’, from Old English brēothan ‘go to ruin’]

brothel creepers n. pl. slang Brit.  soft-soled (usu. suede) shoes [英] [俚语]软底(通常绒面)鞋

brother /ˈbrʌðə/ n.  1  a man or boy in relation to other sons and daughters of his parents 兄弟 2  a (often as a form of address) a close male friend or associate 老兄(常用于称呼)b  a male fellow member of a trade union etc. (男性)同行，同人(同事等) 3 (pl. also 亦作 brethren /ˈbreðrin/)  a  a member of a male religious order, esp. a monk (同一教会的)教友(尤指修士)b  a fellow member of the Christian Church, a religion, or (formerly) a guild etc. (基督教等的)教友；[旧指]行会等的会友 4  a fellow human being 同胞；同仁 □ brotherless  adj.  □ brotherly  adj. & adv.  □ brotherliness  n.   [Old English brōthor, from Germanic]

brother german  see 见 GERMAN 

brotherhood /ˈbrʌðəhʊd/ n.  1  a  the relationship between brothers 兄弟关系b  brotherly friendliness; companionship 兄弟情谊；伴侣关系 2  a  an association, society, or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, trade, etc. (共同利益、宗教、买卖等连在一起的)协会；兄弟会；同志会；同业公会；修士会b  its members collectively (总称)会员 3 N. Amer.  a trade union [北美]工会 4  community of feeling between all human beings 四海一家，人类情谊 [Middle English alteration of brotherrede, from Old English brōthor-rœˉden (cf. KINDRED) influenced by words in -HOOD, -HEAD]

brother-in-law n. (pl. brothers-in-law)  1  the brother of one's wife or husband 内兄；内弟；大伯；小叔子 2  the husband of one's sister 姐夫；妹夫 3  the husband of one's sister-in-law 连襟

brother uterine  see 见 UTERINE 2 

brougham /ˈbru:(ə)m/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a horse-drawn closed carriage with a driver perched outside in front 布鲁厄姆马车(一种驭者座在车厢之外的四轮马车) 2  a motor car with an open driver's seat 布鲁厄姆式汽车(一种驾驶座敞开的轿车) [Lord Brougham (d. 1868), who designed the carriage]

brought past and past part.  of BRING 

brouhaha /ˈbru:hɑ:hɑ:/ n.  commotion, sensation; hubbub, uproar 混乱，激动；喧闹；暴动 [French: imitative]

brow /braʊ/ n.  1  the forehead 前额 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an eyebrow 眉毛 3  the summit of a hill or pass 关隘的最高处，山梁 4  the edge of a cliff etc. (悬崖等的)边缘 5 colloq.  intellectual level [口]智力(或才能)水平 □ browed  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English brū, from Germanic]

browbeat /ˈbraʊbi:t/ v. tr. (past -beat; past part. -beaten)  intimidate with stern looks and words (声色俱厉地)威吓；吓唬 □ browbeater  n.  

brown /braʊn/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  having the colour produced by mixing red, yellow, and black, as of dark wood or rich soil 棕色的；褐色的 2  dark-skinned or suntanned 肤色深的；日光晒黑的 3 (of bread) made from a dark flour as wholemeal or wheatmeal (面包)麸面的；全麦的 4 (of species or varieties) distinguished by brown coloration (物种、品种)棕种的 ●n.  1  a brown colour or pigment 褐色(颜料) 2  brown clothes or material 棕色(褐色)衣服(或织物)  dressed in brown  穿着褐色衣服 3 (in a game or sport) a brown ball, piece, etc. (游戏或体育运动中的)棕色球(或块等) ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become brown by cooking, sunburn, etc. (经烘烤、日晒等) (使)变成褐(或棕)色 □ in a brown study   see 见 STUDY □ brownish  adj.  □ brownness  /ˈbraʊnnis/ n.  □ browny  adj.   [Old English brūn, from Germanic]

brown ale n. Brit.  a dark, mild, bottled beer [英] (色深味淡的)瓶装麦芽啤

brown bag n. esp. N. Amer.  a plain brown paper bag in which a lunch is packed and carried to work etc. [尤北美] (装午餐到工作等场所用的)牛皮纸袋 □ brown-bagger  n.  

brown bear n.  a large brown bear, Ursus arctos, found in parts of Eurasia and N. America 棕熊

brown coal n.  = LIGNITE 

browned off adj. Brit. slang  fed up, disheartened [英] [俚语]厌烦的，受够了的；气馁的

brown fat n.  a dark-coloured adipose tissue with a rich supply of blood vessels 棕脂组织(布满血管的棕色脂肪层)

brown goods n. pl. Brit.  household goods such as television sets and audio equipment [英]棕色(或茶色)商品(如电视机、音箱等家用电子产品)

brown holland n.  unbleached holland 本色荷兰亚麻布

Brownian motion /ˈbraʊniən/ n. (also 亦作 Brownian movement) Physics  the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a liquid, gas, etc., as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium 【物理学】布朗运动(悬浮在液体或气体等中的微小粒子所作的永不停止的无规则运动) [R. Brown, Scots botanist d. 1858]

Brownie /ˈbraʊni/ n.  1 (Brit. [英] in full 全称 Brownie Guide)  a member of the junior branch of the Guides Association 幼年女童子军 2 (brownie)  a  a small square of rich, usu. chocolate, cake with nuts (小方块)果仁巧克力蛋糕b Austral. & NZ  a sweet currant-bread [澳新]葡萄干甜面包 3 (brownie)  a benevolent elf said to haunt houses and do household work secretly 棕仙(悄悄帮人做家务的善良小精灵)

Brownie Guider n.  the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides 幼年女童子军成人指导员

brownie point n. colloq.  a notional credit for something done to please or win favour [口]幼年女童子军积分(因做好事得分)

browning /ˈbraʊniŋ/ n. Brit.  browned flour or any other additive to colour gravy [英] (调制肉汁用的)棕色着色剂

brown-nose n. & v. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n. (also 亦作 brown-noser)  a sycophant 拍马屁的人 ●v. intr. & tr.  curry favour (with) 拍马屁；向…献媚

brown owl n.  1  any of various owls, esp. the tawny owl 褐色猫头鹰(尤指灰林鸮) 2 (Brown Owl) Brit. colloq.  the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides, officially termed Brownie Guider since 1968 [英口]幼年女童子军成人指导员 (1968 年正式命名为 Brownie Guides)

brown rice n.  unpolished rice with only the husk of the grain removed 糙米

Brownshirt /ˈbraʊnʃɜ:t/ n.  a Nazi; a member of a fascist organization 褐衫党党员(纳粹分子)；法西斯分子

brownstone /ˈbraʊnstəʊn/ n. US [美]  1  a kind of reddish-brown sandstone used for building (建筑用)褐沙石 2  a building faced with this (用褐沙石抹墙面的)褐砂石楼房

brown sugar n.  unrefined or partially refined sugar 红糖，赤砂糖

brown trout n.  a common European trout, Salmo trutta, esp. of a small dark non-migratory race found in small rivers and pools (尤指体小、色深、不回游的)河鳟

browse /braʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  read or survey desultorily 随便翻阅；浏览 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  feed (on leaves, twigs, or scanty vegetation) 吃(树叶、嫩枝、稀少的植被)为生 3 tr.  crop and eat 啃吃 4 intr. & tr. Computing  read or survey (data files etc.), esp. via a network 【计算】(尤指通过网络)浏览(数据文件等) ●n.  1  twigs, young shoots, etc., as fodder for cattle (可作牛饲料的)嫩枝(嫩芽等) 2  an act of browsing 浏览 □ browser  n.   [noun from earlier brouse from Old French brost ‘young shoot’, probably from Germanic; verb from French broster]

BRS abbr.  British Road Services [缩略]英国道路服务处

Bruce /bru:s/   布鲁斯 [人名]

brucellosis /bru:səˈləʊsis/ n.  a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, affecting esp. cattle and causing undulant fever in humans 布鲁氏菌病(尤能危害牛，并会致人患布鲁氏杆菌病) [Brucella (from Sir D. Bruce, Scots physician d. 1931) + -OSIS]

brucite /ˈbru:sait/ n.  a white, grey, or greenish mineral form of magnesium hydroxide 氢氧镁石 [A. Bruce, US mineralogist d. 1818]

Bruin /ˈbru:in/ n.  a personal name used for a bear 布伦熊 [Middle English from Dutch, = BROWN: used as a name in the fable Reynard the Fox]

bruise /bru:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on a human or animal body, caused by a blow or impact which ruptures underlying blood vessels (打击或碰撞后产生的)青肿；挫伤 2  an area of damage on a fruit etc. (水果等上的)碰伤 ●v.  1 tr.  a  inflict a bruise on 打得青肿；使受淤伤b  hurt mentally (精神上)伤害 2 intr.  be susceptible to bruising 易受伤害 3 tr.  crush or pound 压碎；捣碎  bruised oats  捣碎的燕麦 [Middle English from Old English bryˉsan ‘crush’, reinforced by Anglo-French bruser, Old French bruisier ‘break’]

bruiser /ˈbru:zə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a large tough-looking person 彪形大汉 2  a professional boxer 职业拳击手

bruit /bru:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 abroad, about)  spread (a report or rumour) 散布(传闻、谣言) ●n. archaic  a report or rumour [古义]传闻；谣言 [French, = noise from bruire ‘roar’]

Brum /brʌm/ n. Brit. colloq.  Birmingham (in England) [英口]伯明翰(英国) [abbreviation of BRUMMAGEM]

brumby /ˈbrʌmbi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  a wild or unbroken horse [澳]野马；未驯化的马 [19th c.: origin unknown]

brume /bru:m/ n. literary  mist, fog [文学用语]雾，雾霭 [French from Latin bruma ‘winter’]

Brummagem /ˈbrʌmədʒ(ə)m/ adj.  1  cheap and showy 廉价而花哨的  Brummagem goods  俗艳的便宜货 2  counterfeit 仿造的；假的 [dialect form of Birmingham, England, with reference to counterfeit coins and plated goods once made there]

Brummie /ˈbrʌmi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Brummy) Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a native of Birmingham 伯明翰人 ●adj.  of or characteristic of a Brummie 伯明翰人的，有伯明翰人特点的  a Brummie accent  伯明翰人口音 [BRUM]

brunch /brʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a late-morning meal eaten as the first meal of the day 早午餐(快中午才吃的早餐) ●v. intr.  eat brunch 吃早午餐 [breakfast + lunch]

Brunei   文莱

Bruneian /ˈbru:naiən/ adj. & n.  文莱的(人)

brunette /bru:ˈnet, brʊ-/ n. & adj. (US also [美亦] brunet) ●n.  a woman with dark brown hair 头发为深褐色的女子 ●adj. (of a woman) having dark brown hair (女子)长着深褐色头发的 [French, fem. of brunet, diminutive of brun BROWN]

brunt /brʌnt/ n.  the chief or initial impact of an attack, task, etc. (esp. 尤指 bear the brunt of 首当其冲) (攻击、任务等)主要冲力，主要力量；最繁重的任务 [Middle English: origin unknown]

brush /brʌʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an implement with bristles, hair, wire, etc. varying in firmness set into a block or projecting from the end of a handle, for any of various purposes, esp. cleaning or scrubbing, painting, arranging the hair, etc. (鬃、毛、铁丝等的)刷，毛刷；画笔；毛笔(尤用于清洗、擦净、绘画及头发整理等) 2  the application of a brush; brushing (用刷子)刷；涂抹 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a short esp. unpleasant encounter (尤指令人不快的)小接触；小冲突  a brush with the law  轻微地触犯法律b  a skirmish 小摩擦，小争执 4  a  the bushy tail of a fox (狐狸的)毛茸茸的尾巴b  a brushlike tuft 刷状物 5 Electr.  a piece of carbon or metal serving as an electrical contact esp. with a moving part 【电】(尤指与活动部件接触的)电刷 6 esp. N. Amer. & Austral. [尤北美澳]  a  undergrowth, thicket; small trees and shrubs 灌木丛；小树丛b US  such wood cut in faggots [美]砍下的树枝柴把c  land covered with brush 灌木丛地带d Austral.  dense forest [澳]密林 7 Austral. & NZ slang  a girl or young woman [澳新] [俚语]姑娘；年轻妇女 ●v.  1 tr.  a  sweep or scrub or put in order with a brush (用刷子)刷；擦；刷整齐b  treat (a surface) with a brush so as to change its nature or appearance (用毛笔或画笔在表面)写；画 2 tr.  a  remove (dust etc.) with a brush (用刷子)掸；拂(尘土等)b  apply (a liquid preparation) to a surface with a brush 刷上；涂抹(液剂) 3 tr. & intr.  graze or touch in passing 触及；擦过；掠过 4 intr.  perform a brushing action or motion 刷；掸；擦 □ brush aside   dismiss or dispose of (a person, idea, etc.) curtly or lightly 把(人)打发走；对(建议、想法等)置之不理，漠视□ brush off   rebuff; dismiss abruptly 粗鲁地拒绝；打发走□ brush over   paint lightly 轻轻地刷□ brush up   1 Brit.  clean up or smarten [英]刷干净；使整洁 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  revive one's former knowledge of (a subject) 重温(课程)；□ brushlike  adj.  □ brushy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French brosse]

brush discharge n. Electr.  a broad electrical discharge occurring when the potential difference is not sufficient for a spark or arc 【电】刷形放电

brushed aluminium n.  aluminium treated so that it has a lustreless surface 无光铝

brushed fabric n.  fabric brushed so as to raise the nap 拉绒织物

brushless /ˈbrʌʃlis/ adj.  not requiring the use of a brush 无需用刷子的

brush-off n.  a rebuff; an abrupt dismissal 不理睬；打发走

brush turkey n. Austral.  a large mound-building bird, Alectura lathami [澳]营冢鸟

brush-up n. Brit.  the process or an instance of brushing up [英]温习；打扮；整修

brushwood /ˈbrʌʃwʊd/ n.  1  cut or broken twigs etc. 砍下(或掉下)的树枝(柴枝等) 2  undergrowth; thicket 灌木丛；小树林

brushwork /ˈbrʌʃwɜ:k/ n.  1  manipulation of the brush in painting 绘画；书法 2  a painter's style in this (画家的)画风；笔法

brusque /brʊsk, bru:sk/ adj.  abrupt or offhand in manner or speech (举止、讲话)粗鲁的；唐突的；生硬的 □ brusquely  adv.  □ brusqueness  n.  □ brusquerie  /ˈbrʊsk(ə)ri:, ˈbru:-/ n.   [French from Italian brusco ‘sour’]

Brussels /ˈbrʌslz/ n.  布鲁塞尔 [比利时首都]

Brussels carpet /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  a carpet with a wool pile and a stout linen back 布鲁塞尔地毯(一种由羊毛拉成小圈的粗麻地毯) [Brussels in Belgium]

Brussels lace /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  an elaborate needlepoint or pillow lace 布鲁塞尔花边(一种精致针锈花边或枕头花边)

Brussels sprout /ˈbrʌs(ə)lz/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage producing many small compact buds borne close together along a tall single stem 汤菜，抱子甘蓝 2  one of these buds used as a vegetable (球芽甘蓝的)球状芽(可食用)

brut /bru:t/ adj. (of wine) unsweetened (酒)不甜的 [French, = raw, rough]

brutal /ˈbru:t(ə)l/ adj.  1  savagely or coarsely cruel 野蛮的；残忍的 2  harsh, merciless 冷酷的，无情的 □ brutality  /-ˈtæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ brutally  adv.   [French brutal or medieval Latin brutalis, from brutus BRUTE]

brutalism /ˈbru:t(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  brutality 兽性；残忍 2  a heavy plain style of architecture etc. 野兽主义(建筑等中的朴实无华的粗犷风格) □ brutalist  n. & adj.  

brutalize /ˈbru:t(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make brutal 使变得残忍 2  treat brutally 残酷地对待 □ brutalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

brute /bru:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a brutal or violent person or animal 残暴的人；野兽b colloq.  an unpleasant person [口]可恶的人 2  an animal as opposed to a human being 野兽，畜牲 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  not possessing the capacity to reason 无理性的 2  a  animal-like, cruel 兽性的；残忍的b  stupid, sensual 愚蠢的；肉欲的 3  unthinking, merely material 无思想的；无感觉的  brute force  暴力 brute matter  非生物 □ brutehood  n.  □ brutish  adj.  □ brutishly  adv.  □ brutishness  n.   [French from Latin brutus ‘stupid’]

bruxism /ˈbrʌksiz(ə)m/ n.  the involuntary or habitual grinding or clenching of the teeth 磨牙症 [Greek brukhein ‘gnash the teeth’]

Bryan /ˈbraiən/   布赖恩 [人名]

Brylcreem /ˈbrilkri:m/ n. propr.  a cream for working into the hair to give it a smooth shiny appearance [商标]光亮发乳 [corruption of BRILLIANT + CREAM]

bryology /braiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of bryophytes 苔癣植物学 □ bryological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ bryologist  n.   [Greek bruon ‘moss’]

bryony /ˈbraiəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  any climbing plant of the genus Bryonia, esp. B. dioica bearing greenish-white flowers and red berries 泻根属植物(尤指雌雄并株泻根) [Latin bryonia from Greek bruōnia]

bryophyte /ˈbraiə(ʊ)fait/ n.  a cryptogamous plant of the division Bryophyta, comprising mosses and liverworts 苔癣植物 □ bryophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.   [modern Latin Bryophyta from Greek bruon ‘moss’ + phuton ‘plant’]

bryozoan /braiə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Bryozoa, forming colonies attached to rocks, seaweeds, etc. Also called 亦称作 polyzoan 苔癣虫(依附于岩石、海藻等) ●adj.  of or relating to the phylum Bryozoa (有关)苔癣虫门的 □ bryozoology  /-zəʊˈɒlədʒi, -zu:-/ n.   [Greek bruon ‘moss’ + zōia ‘animals’]

Brythonic /briˈθɒnik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the southern group of the Celtic languages, comprising Welsh, Cornish, and Breton Also called 亦称作 Brittonic 布立吞语(包括威尔士、康沃尔、布列塔尼语在内的凯尔特语) ●adj.  of or relating to Brythonic (有关)布立吞语的 [Welsh Brython ‘Britons’ from Celtic]

BS abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Bachelor of Science [美]理学士 2  Bachelor of Surgery 外科学士 3  Blessed Sacrament 圣餐 4  British Standard(s) 英国标准

B.Sc. abbr.  Bachelor of Science [缩略]理学士

BSE abbr.  bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a usu. fatal disease of cattle involving the central nervous system and causing extreme agitation Also called 亦称作 mad cow disease [缩略] (通常为牛的致命性疾病)牛脑海绵体病

BSI abbr.  British Standards Institution [缩略]英国标准协会

B-side n.  the side of a gramophone record regarded as less important 唱片的 B 面(所灌录的节目不及 A 面流行)

BST abbr. [缩略]  1  British Summer Time 英国夏令时间 2 hist.  British Standard Time (one hour ahead of GMT, in continuous use 1968 － 71) [史义]英国标准时间(较格林尼治时间早 1 小时，于 1968 至 1971 年间使用) 3  bovine somatotrophin, a growth hormone produced naturally by cows and introduced into cattle feed to boost milk production 牛生长激素

BT abbr.  British Telecom [缩略]英国电信

Bt. abbr. [缩略]  Baronet 

Btu abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 BTU, B.th.U.)  British thermal unit(s) 

bu. abbr. [缩略]  bushel(s) 

bub /bʌb/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a boy or a man, often used as a form of address [北美口]小家伙；小兄弟；老弟(常用于称呼) [earlier bubby, perhaps a childish form of BROTHER or from German Bube ‘boy’]

bubal /ˈbju:b(ə)l/ n.  = HARTEBEEST  [Latin bubalus from Greek boubalos ‘oxlike antelope’]

bubble /ˈbʌb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air etc. (包住空气等的)气泡b  an air-filled cavity in a liquid or a solidified liquid such as glass or amber 液体中的泡沫；固化液体(如玻璃、琥珀)中的气泡 2  the sound or appearance of bubbling; an agitated or bubbling motion 冒泡(声)；气泡(声)；汩汩声 3  a transparent domed cavity 透明圆罩 4  a visionary or unrealistic project or enterprise 虚妄不实的计划(或事业)；泡影；骗局  the South Sea Bubble  南海泡沫 ●v. intr.  1  rise in or send up bubbles 冒泡；起泡 2  make the sound of rising or bursting bubbles 发出噗噗(汩汩)声 □ bubble over  (often foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be exuberant with laughter, excitement, anger, etc. (因高兴、兴奋、生气等引起的)感情的过度表现 [Middle English: probably imitative]

bubble and squeak n. Brit.  cooked cabbage fried with cooked potatoes or meat [英]洋白菜煎土豆(或肉) [from the sounds of it cooking]

bubble bath n.  1  a preparation for adding to bathwater to make it foam (洗澡用)泡沫剂 2  a bath with this added 泡沫浴

bubble car n. Brit.  a small motor car with a transparent domed canopy [英]有透明圆罩的微型汽车

bubble chamber n. Physics  an apparatus designed to make the tracks of ionizing particles visible as a row of bubbles in a liquid 【物理学】气泡室

bubblegum /ˈbʌb(ə)lɡʌm/ n.  chewing gum that can be blown into bubbles 泡泡糖

bubble memory n. Computing  a type of memory which stores data as a pattern of magnetized regions in a thin layer of magnetic material 【计算】磁泡存储器

bubble pack n.  a small package enclosing goods in a transparent material on a backing (粘在背衬板上包装商品的)透明小封套

bubble wrap n.  plastic wrapping material in sheets containing numerous small air-filled bladders 泡沫塑料包装材料

bubbly /ˈbʌbli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (bubblier, bubbliest)  1  having or resembling bubbles 多泡沫的；泡沫状的 2  exuberant, vivacious 热情奔放的，轻快的，活泼的 ●n. colloq.  champagne [口]香槟酒

bubbly-jock /ˈbʌblidʒɒk/ n. Sc.  a turkeycock [苏格兰]雄火鸡 [bubbly imitative of the bird's call + Jock male forename]

bubo /ˈbju:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a swollen inflamed lymph node in the armpit or groin (腋窝或腹股沟部位的)淋巴结炎 □ bubonic  /bju:ˈbɒnik/ adj.   [medieval Latin bubo -onis ‘swelling’ from Greek boubōn ‘groin’]

bubonic plague n.  a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes Cf. 参见 PLAGUE n. 1a 腺鼠疫；腹股沟淋巴结鼠疫

buccal /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to the cheek (有关)面颊的 2  of or in the mouth 口的，口腔的 [Latin bucca ‘cheek’]

buccaneer /bʌkəˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pirate, originally off the Spanish-American coasts 海盗(源于出没美西海域的海盗) 2  an unscrupulous adventurer 无所顾忌的冒险家 ●v. intr.  be a buccaneer 当海盗；当冒险家 □ buccaneering  n. & adj.  □ buccaneerish  adj.   [originally applied to European hunters in the Caribbean: French boucanier via boucaner ‘cure meat on a barbecue’ from boucan from Tupi mukem]

buccinator /ˈbʌksineitə/ n.  a flat thin cheek muscle 颊肌 [Latin from buccinare ‘blow a trumpet’, from buccina ‘trumpet’]

Bucharest /ˈbju:kərest/ n.  布加勒斯特 [罗马尼亚首都]

buck1 /bʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the male of various animals, esp. the deer, hare, or rabbit (尤指鹿、野兔、家兔中的)公兽 2 archaic  a fashionable young man [古义]花花公子；纨绔子弟 3 (作 attrib.)  a slang  male [俚语]雄性的，公的  buck antelope  公羚羊b US Mil. slang  of the lowest rank [美]【军】[俚语]最低军衔的  buck private  三等兵 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse) jump upwards with back arched and feet drawn together (马)弓背跃起 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  throw (a rider or burden) in this way (马弓背跃起)将(骑手或驮载物)摔下b esp. N. Amer.  oppose, resist [尤北美]反对；抵抗  tried to buck the trend  试图逆潮流而动 3 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq. [口]  a  make or become more cheerful (使)高兴起来b Brit.  make or become more vigorous or lively; make an effort; hurry [英] (使)振奋；(使)打起精神；加油；赶快  needs to buck up his ideas  需要改进他的想法 4 tr. (as 作 bucked adj.) Brit. colloq.  encouraged, elated [英口]受鼓舞的，兴高采烈的 [Old English buc ‘male deer’, bucca ‘male goat’, from Old Norse]

buck2 /bʌk/ n. N. Amer. & Austral. slang  a dollar [北美澳] [俚语] (一)元 □ a fast buck   easy money 轻松赚的钱 [19th c.: origin unknown]

buck3 /bʌk/ n. slang  an article placed as a reminder before a player whose turn it is to deal at poker [俚语] (打扑克牌中的)庄家标志 □ pass the buck  colloq.  shift responsibility (to another) [口]推诿责任(给他人) [19th c.: origin unknown]

buck4 /bʌk/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a sawhorse [北美]锯木架 2  a vaulting horse 鞍马 [Dutch (zaag)boc, as SAW1, BUCK1]

buck5 /bʌk/ n.  the body of a cart (运货马车的)车身 [perhaps from obsolete bouk ‘belly, body’ from Old English būc, from Germanic]

buckbean /ˈbʌkbi:n/ n.  a bog plant, Menyanthes trifoliata, with white or pinkish hairy flowers Also called 亦称作 bogbean 睡菜 [Flemish bocks boonen ‘goat's beans’]

buckboard /ˈbʌkbɔ:d/ n. US  a horse-drawn vehicle with the body formed by a plank fixed to the axles [美]平板马车(其板固定在轮轴上) [BUCK5 + BOARD]

bucket /ˈbʌkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a roughly cylindrical open container (usu. of metal or plastic) with a handle, used for carrying, drawing, or holding water etc. (通常为金属或塑料的)水桶，吊桶，提桶(担桶等)b  the amount contained in this 一桶的量  need three buckets to fill the bath  装满浴盆需要 3 桶水 2 (in pl. 用复数)  large quantities of liquid, esp. rain or tears 大量液体(尤指雨水、泪水)  wept buckets  泪如雨下 3  a compartment on the outer edge of a waterwheel (水车的)戽斗 4  the scoop of a dredger or a grain-elevator (挖土机的)铲斗；(谷物升运器的)勺斗 ●v. (bucketed, bucketing)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down) (of liquid, esp. rain) pour heavily (液体，尤指雨)倾盆而下 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along) Brit.  move or drive jerkily or bumpily [英]急速颠簸地行走(或行驶) □ bucketful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English & Anglo-French buket, buquet, perhaps from Old English būc ‘pitcher’]

bucket seat n.  a seat with a rounded back to fit one person, esp. in a car (汽车上的)凹背单人座椅

bucket shop n.  1  an unauthorized office for gambling in stocks, speculating on markets, etc. 未注册的证券交易所(投机商号等) 2 Brit. colloq.  a travel agency specializing in cheap air tickets [英口]出售廉价机票的旅行社

buckeye /ˈbʌkai/ n.  1  an American tree or shrub of the horse chestnut genus Aesculus, with large sticky buds and showy red or white flowers 牛眼树(七叶树属植物) 2  the shiny brown fruit of this plant 牛眼树坚果

buck fever n. US  nervousness when called on to act [美] (上台演出时的)紧张，兴奋

buck-horn n.  horn of buck as a material for knife handles etc. (用作刀柄等的)鹿角

buck-hound n.  a small kind of staghound 捕鹿小猎狗，鹿杰

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat often rectangular frame with a hinged pin, used for joining the ends of a belt, strap, etc. (皮带、带子等上的)搭扣；扣环 2  a similarly shaped ornament, esp. on a shoe (尤指鞋上的)扣形饰品 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, on, etc.)  fasten with a buckle 用搭扣把…扣紧 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  give way or cause to give way under longitudinal pressure; crumple up (使)弯曲，(使)变形；使垮掉 □ buckle down   make a determined effort 倾全力于…□ buckle to (or down to)   prepare for, set about (work etc.) 准备…；着手(工作等)□ buckle to   get to work, make a vigorous start 开始工作；开始认真干起来 [Middle English via Old French boucle from Latin buccula ‘cheek-strap of a helmet’, from bucca ‘cheek’: sense 2 of v. from French boucler ‘bulge’]

buckler /ˈbʌklə/ n.  1 hist.  a small round shield held by a handle [史义] (有柄的)小圆盾 2 Bot.  any of several ferns of the genus Dryopteris, having buckler-shaped indusia also called 亦称作 SHIELD FERN 【植】三叉蕨 [Middle English via Old French bocler, literally ‘having a boss’, from boucle BOSS2]

Buckley's /ˈbʌkliz/ n. (in full 全称 Buckley's chance) Austral. & NZ colloq.  little or no chance [澳新口]微乎其微的希望 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

buckling /ˈbʌkliŋ/ n. Brit.  a smoked herring [英]熏鲱鱼 [German Bückling ‘bloater’]

buckminsterfullerene /ˌbʌkminstəˈfʊləri:n/ n. Chem.  a form of carbon with 60 atoms joined in a polyhedron of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons 【化】(勃克明斯特)富勒烯，富勒球 [R. Buckminster Fuller (d. 1983), US inventor of the geodesic dome]

bucko /ˈbʌkəʊ/ n. & adj. Naut. slang 【海】[俚语] ●n. (pl. -oes)  a swaggering or domineering person 盛气凌人的人；专横跋扈的人 ●adj.  blustering, swaggering, bullying 恐吓的，专横跋扈的；恃强凌弱的 [BUCK1 + -O]

buck-passing n.  the act of passing the buck or shifting responsibility to another person 推卸责任

buckram /ˈbʌkrəm/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a coarse linen or other cloth stiffened with gum or paste, and used as interfacing or in bookbinding (上过胶或浆、用于连接、书籍装订用的)硬麻布 2 archaic  stiffness in manner [古义] (举止)生硬 ●adj. archaic  starchy; formal [古义]拘谨的；刻板的 □ men in buckram   non-existent persons; figments (Shakespeare's 1 Henry IV II. iv. 210 － 50) 不存在的人物；杜撰的人物(见莎士比亚剧《亨利四世》 II. IV. 210 － 50) [Middle English from Anglo-French bukeram, Old French boquerant, perhaps from Bokhara (now Bukhara) in central Asia]

buck rarebit n. Brit.  Welsh rarebit with a poached egg on top [英] (威尔士)干酪烤面包带水泡蛋

Bucks. /bʌks/ abbr.  Buckinghamshire [缩略]白金汉郡

Buck's Fizz /bʌks/ n. Brit.  a cocktail of champagne or sparkling white wine and orange juice [英] (由香槟或起泡的白葡萄酒加橙汁调制而成的)鸡尾酒 [Buck's Club in London + FIZZ]

buckshee /bʌkˈʃi:, ˈbʌkʃi:/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  free of charge [英] [俚语]免费地 [corruption of BAKSHEESH]

buckshot /ˈbʌkʃɒt/ n.  coarse lead shot 大号铅弹

buckskin /ˈbʌkskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a male deer 鹿皮b  leather made from such skin 鹿皮革 2  a thick smooth cotton or woollen cloth 鹿皮绒；鹿皮呢

buckthorn /ˈbʌkθɔ:n/ n.  any thorny shrub of the genus Rhamnus, esp. R. cathartica with berries formerly used as a cathartic 鼠李属植物(尤指泻鼠李)

buck-tooth n.  an upper tooth that projects 獠牙，龅牙 □ buck-toothed  adj.  

buckwheat /ˈbʌkwi:t/ n.  a cereal plant of the genus Fagopyrum, esp. F. esculentum with seeds used for fodder and for flour to make bread and pancakes 荞麦 [Middle Dutch boecweite ‘beech wheat’, its grains being shaped like beechmast]

bucolic /bju:ˈkɒlik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning shepherds or the pastoral life; rural (有关)牧民的；(有关)田园生活的；乡村的 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a pastoral poem or poetry 田园诗 2  a peasant 农民 □ bucolically  adv.   [Latin bucolicus from Greek boukolikos, from boukolos ‘herdsman’ from bous OX]

Bud /bʌd/   巴德 [人名]

bud1 /bʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an immature knoblike shoot from which a stem, leaf, or flower develops 芽；蓓蕾b  a flower or leaf that is not fully open 花苞；叶芽 2 Biol.  an asexual outgrowth from a parent organism that separates to form a new individual 【生】芽体 3  anything still undeveloped 未成熟的人(或物) ●v. (budded, budding)  1 intr. Bot. & Zool.  form a bud or buds 【植】【动】发芽 2 intr.  begin to grow or develop 开始生长(或发育)  a budding cricketer  初露头角的板球运动员 3 tr.  graft a bud (of a plant) on to another plant 为(一植物)进行芽接 □ in bud   having newly formed buds 在萌芽中；含苞待放 [Middle English: origin unknown]

bud2 /bʌd/ n. N. Amer. colloq. (as a form of address) = BUDDY [北美口]老伙计(用作称呼) [abbreviation]

Budapest /ˈbju:dəˈpest/ n.  布达佩斯 [匈牙利首都]

Buddha /ˈbʊdə/ n.  1  a title given to successive teachers of Buddhism, esp. to its founder, Gautama 佛；佛陀(尤指佛教创始人释迦牟尼) 2  a statue or picture of the Buddha 佛塑；佛像 [Sanskrit, = enlightened, past part. of budh ‘know’]

Buddhism /ˈbʊdiz(ə)m/ n.  a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Gautama Buddha in India in the 5th c. BC, which teaches that elimination of the self and earthly desires is the highest goal (cf. 参见 NIRVANA) 佛教；佛教教义(公元前 5 世纪由释迦牟尼于印度创立) □ Buddhist  n. & adj.  □ Buddhistic  /-ˈdistik/ adj.  □ Buddhistical  /-ˈdistik(ə)l/ adj.  

buddleia /ˈbʌdliə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Buddleia, with fragrant lilac, yellow, or white flowers attractive to butterflies 醉鱼草属植物 [A. Buddle, English botanist d. 1715]

buddy /ˈbʌdi/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often as a form of address) a close friend or mate (常作称呼)老兄，老弟，老伙计 2  a person who befriends and gives help to another with an incapacitating disease, esp. Aids 伙伴；搭档(尤指艾滋病患者之友) ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become friendly 变得友好 [perhaps corruption of brother, or variant of BUTTY1]

buddy movie n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a film featuring friendship between two individuals, esp. men [尤北美口]哥们儿影片(突出男性朋友之间友谊的电影)

budge /bʌdʒ/ v. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  1 intr. Brit. [英]  a  make the slightest movement 微微移动b  change one's opinion 改变意见  he's stubborn, he won't budge  他很顽固，不会让步的 2 tr.  cause or compel to budge 使移动；使改变意见  nothing will budge him  什么也不能使他改变主意 □ budge up (or over)  Brit.  make room for another person by moving [英]让出(地方)；腾出(位子) [French bouger ‘stir’, ultimately from Latin bullire ‘boil’]

budgerigar /ˈbʌdʒ(ə)riɡɑ:/ n.  a small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to Australia, and bred in coloured varieties which are often kept as cage birds 虎皮鹦鹉(原产澳大利亚) [Aboriginal, perhaps alteration of Kamilaroi (and related languages) gijirrigaa]

budget /ˈbʌdʒit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the amount of money needed or available (for a specific item etc.) 预算(供某种用途等的)专款  a budget of £ 200  200 英镑的预算 mustn't exceed the budget  不得超出预算 2  a (作 the Budget)  a usu. annual estimate of national revenue and expenditure (通常政府的年度收支)预算b  a similar estimate of revenue or income and expenditure made by a company, family, private individual, etc. (公司、家庭、个人的)收支预算 3 (作 attrib.)  inexpensive 低廉的 4 archaic  a quantity of material etc., esp. written or printed [古义]一批；一堆(尤指信件、印刷品等) ●v. tr. & intr. (budgeted, budgeting) (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  allow or arrange for in a budget 把…编入预算；按预算进行安排  have budgeted for a new car  已将买新车列入预算 can budget £ 60  可预留出 60 英镑 □ on a budget   with a restricted amount of money (钱)不宽裕□ budgetary  adj.   [Middle English = pouch, via Old French bougette, diminutive of bouge ‘leather bag’, from Latin bulga (from Gaulish) ‘knapsack’: cf. BULGE]

budget account n. (also 亦作 budget plan)  a bank account, or account with a store or public utility, into which one makes regular, usu. monthly, payments to cover bills 预算账户(通常每月支付一回固定的金额)

budgie /ˈbʌdʒi/ n. colloq. [口]  = BUDGERIGAR  [abbreviation]

Buenos Aires /ˈbweinɒsˈairiz/ n.  布宜诺斯艾利斯 [阿根廷首都]

buff /bʌf/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  yellowish beige 浅黄色的  buff envelope  牛皮纸信封 ●n.  1  a yellowish-beige colour 浅黄色 2 colloq.  an enthusiast, esp. for a particular hobby [口] (尤指成癖的)…迷；爱好者  railway buff  喜欢乘坐火车的人 3  a  a velvety dull yellow ox-leather (柔软的)暗黄色牛皮b (作 attrib.) (of a garment etc.) made of this (衣服等)暗黄色皮革制的  buff gloves  黄色软皮手套 4 (作 the Buffs)  the former East Kent Regiment (from the colour of its uniform facings) 原东肯特军团(源自其制服上的镶边) ●v. tr.  1  polish (metal, fingernails, etc.) 刨光；擦亮(金属、指甲等) 2  make (leather) velvety like buff, by removing the surface 把(皮革)表面擦毛；使柔软 □ in the buff  colloq.  naked [口]裸体的；一丝不挂的 [original sense ‘buffalo’, probably from French buffle; sense 2 of noun originally from buff uniforms formerly worn by New York volunteer firemen, applied to enthusiastic fire-watchers]

buffalo /ˈbʌfələʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -oes)  1  a  an Asiatic ox of the genus Bubalus, with heavy backswept horns, esp. (in full 全称 water buffalo) B. arnee, which is domesticated as a draught animal (亚洲水牛属)水牛b (in full 全称 Cape buffalo)  a powerful wild ox, Syncerus caffer, of eastern and southern Africa (东、南非)水牛 2  a N. American bison, Bison bison (北美)野牛 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed) N. Amer. slang  overawe, outwit [北美] [俚语]威吓；迷惑；欺骗 [probably from Portuguese bufalo via Late Latin bufalus and Latin bubalus from Greek boubalos ‘antelope, wild ox’]

buffalo grass n.  1  a grass, Buchloe dactyloides, of the N. American plains (北美平原上生长的)野牛草 2  a grass, Stenotaphrum secundatum, of Australia and New Zealand (澳大利亚和新西兰生长的)侧穗草

buffer1 /ˈbʌfə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device that protects against or reduces the effect of an impact 缓冲器；减震器b Brit.  such a device (usu. one of a pair) projecting from a cross-beam on the front and rear of a railway vehicle or at the end of a track [英]防撞栅(由铁道车辆前后或在铁轨末端的一对减震弹簧组成) 2 Chem.  a substance that acts to minimize the change in hydrogen ion concentration of a solution when an acid or alkali is added 【化】缓冲(溶)液 3 Computing  a temporary memory area or queue for data to aid its transfer between devices or programs operating at different speeds etc. 【计算】缓冲储存器 ●v. tr.  1  act as a buffer to 缓冲；减轻 2 Chem.  treat with a buffer 【化】用缓冲溶液处理 [probably from obsolete buff (v.), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body]

buffer2 /ˈbʌfə/ n. Brit. slang  a silly or incompetent old man (esp. 尤指 old buffer 老糊涂) [英] [俚语]老糊涂；老朽 [18th c.: probably formed as BUFFER1 or with the sense ‘stutterer’]

buffer state n.  a small state situated between two larger ones potentially hostile to one another and regarded as reducing the likelihood of open hostilities 缓冲国(两个敌对大国之间起缓冲作用的小国)

buffer stock n.  a reserve of commodity to offset price fluctuations (防止商品价格波动的)缓冲存货；缓冲储备

buffer zone n.  a zone separating potential belligerents 缓冲地带

buffet1 /ˈbʊfei/ n.  1  a room or counter where light meals or snacks may be bought (供应快餐的)餐饮室；餐饮柜台  station buffet  火车站的餐饮室 2  a meal consisting of several dishes set out from which guests serve themselves 自助餐  buffet lunch  自助午餐 3 /also 亦作 ˈbʌfit/  a sideboard or recessed cupboard for china etc. (放瓷器等的)碗柜；餐具架(或柜) [French from Old French buf(f)et ‘stool’, of unknown origin]

buffet2 /ˈbʌfit/ v. & n. ●v. (buffeted, buffeting)  1 tr.  a  strike or knock repeatedly 连续敲击(或打击)  wind buffeted the trees  风不停地吹打着树木b  strike, esp. repeatedly, with the hand or fist (用手或拳)反复猛击 2 tr. (of fate etc.) treat badly; plague (命运等)受折磨；遭伤害  cheerful though buffeted by misfortune  虽遭不幸却仍保持乐观 3  a intr.  struggle; fight one's way (through difficulties etc.) 搏斗；迎着(困难等)奋勇前进b tr.  contend with (waves etc.) 与(风浪等)搏斗 ●n.  1  a blow, esp. of the hand or fist (尤指用手或拳的)一击 2  a shock 打击 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of bufe ‘blow’]

buffet3 /ˈbʌfit/ n. dial. [方]  1  a low stool; a footstool 小板凳；脚凳 2  a hassock 跪垫 [Old French buf(f)et, of unknown origin]

buffet car n.  a railway coach serving light meals or snacks (火车上的)餐车

buffeting /ˈbʌfitiŋ/ n.  1  a beating; repeated blows 打击；反复敲击 2 Aeron.  an irregular oscillation, caused by air eddies, of part of an aircraft 【空】(由空气涡流引起，使部分飞机发生的)抖振

bufflehead /ˈbʌf(ə)lhed/ n.  a large-headed black and white diving duck, Bucephala albeola, native to N. America (产于北美的)巨头鹊鸭 [obsolete buffle ‘buffalo’ + HEAD]

buffo /ˈbʊfəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  a comic actor, esp. in Italian opera (尤指意大利歌剧中的)滑稽男演员；丑角 ●adj.  comic, burlesque 滑稽的；诙谐的 [Italian, = puff of wind, buffoon]

buffoon /bəˈfu:n/ n.  1  a ludicrous person 滑稽的人 2  a jester; a mocker 小丑；嘲弄者 □ buffoonery  n.  □ buffoonish  adj.   [French bouffon via Italian buffone and medieval Latin buffo ‘clown’ from Romanic]

bug /bʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an insect of the order Hemiptera, with mouthparts modified for piercing and sucking 臭虫(属异翅目)b  any small insect 小虫 2 slang  a micro-organism, esp. a bacterium, or a disease caused by it [俚语]病菌(尤指细菌；) 病菌引起的疾病 3  a concealed microphone 窃听器 4  an error in a computer program or system etc. (计算机程序或系统中的)故障 5 colloq.  an obsession, enthusiasm, etc. [口]癖好；热情(兴趣等) ●v. (bugged, bugging)  1 tr.  conceal a microphone in (esp. a building or room) 将窃听器装在(尤指楼内或房间里) 2 tr. slang  annoy, bother [俚语]使恼怒；使烦恼 3 intr. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  leave quickly 匆匆离开b (foll. by 后跟 off)  go away 走开；滚开 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bugaboo /ˈbʌɡəbu:/ n.  a bogey (see 见 BOGEY2) or bugbear 恶魔；妖怪 [probably of dialect origin: cf. Welsh bwcibo ‘the Devil’, bwci ‘hobgoblin’]

bugbear /ˈbʌɡbɛə/ n.  1  a cause of annoyance or anger; a bête noire 令人焦虑不安的事；令人头疼的事；祸根 2  an object of baseless fear 使人无端恐惧的东西 3 archaic  a sort of hobgoblin or any other being invoked to intimidate children [古义] (吓唬孩子的)鬼怪；臆造的怪物 [obsolete bug ‘bogey’ + BEAR2]

bug-eyed adj.  with bulging eyes 凸眼的，眼睛暴突的

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ n., v. & int. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] (except in sense 2 of n. and 3 of v. 名词释义 2 、动词释义 3 除外) ●n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  an unpleasant or awkward person or thing 讨厌的人；烦人的事  the bugger won't fit  讨厌鬼不合适b  a person of a specified kind 某一种人  he's a miserable bugger  他是一个不幸的家伙 you clever bugger!  你这个机灵鬼！ 2  a person who commits buggery 鸡奸者 ●v. tr.  1  as an exclamation of annoyance 真该死！(用于恼怒的感叹)  bugger the thing  该死！ 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  ruin; spoil 毁坏；糟蹋  really buggered it up  将此搞得一团糟 no good, it's buggered  不好，乱糟糟的b (esp. as 尤作 buggered adj.) Brit.  exhaust, tire out [英]极度疲乏的；筋疲力尽的 3  commit buggery with 与…鸡奸 ●int.  expressing annoyance 该死！ (表示恼怒) □ bugger about (or around)  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Brit. [英]  1  mess about 干无聊的事 2  mislead; persecute 使…误入歧途；为难…□ bugger all  Brit.  nothing [英]什么也没有□ bugger off  (often in imper. 常用于祈使句) Brit.  go away [英]走开！滚开！ [Middle English via Middle Dutch from Old French bougre, originally ‘heretic’, from medieval Latin Bulgarus ‘Bulgarian (member of the Greek Church) ’]

buggery /ˈbʌɡəri/ n.  1  anal intercourse 鸡奸 2  = BESTIALITY 2  [Middle English via Middle Dutch buggerie from Old French bougerie: see BUGGER]

buggy1 /ˈbʌɡi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a light, horse-drawn, esp. two-wheeled, vehicle for one or two people (尤指双轮)轻便马车 2  a small, sturdy, esp. open, motor vehicle 小型(尤指敞篷)汽车  beach buggy  沙滩车 dune buggy  沙丘汽车 3  = BABY BUGGY 1, 2  [18th c.: origin unknown]

buggy2 /ˈbʌɡi/ adj. (buggier, buggiest)  infested with bugs 多臭虫的

bugle1 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 bugle-horn)  a brass instrument like a small trumpet, used esp. for military signals and in fox-hunting 号，喇叭(尤指军号、猎号) ●v.  1 intr.  sound a bugle 吹号，鸣号 2 tr.  sound (a note, a call, etc.) on a bugle 用号吹出(音符、命令等) □ bugler  /ˈbju:ɡlə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin buculus diminutive of bos ‘ox’ (from the use of an ox's horn as a bugle)]

bugle2 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  a creeping labiate plant, Ajuga reptans, with blue flowers (匍匐)筋骨草 [Middle English, from Late Latin bugula]

bugle3 /ˈbju:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  a tube-shaped bead sewn on a dress etc. for ornament (女装等的装饰)柱状珠子 [16th c.: origin unknown]

bugloss /ˈbju:ɡlɒs/ n.  1  any of various bristly plants related to borage, esp. of the genus Anchusa with bright blue tubular flowers (紫草科)牛舌草属植物 2  = VIPER'S BUGLOSS  [French buglosse or Latin buglossus, from Greek bouglōssos ‘ox-tongued’]

buhl /bu:l/ n. (also 亦作 boule, boulle)  1  pieces of brass, tortoiseshell, etc., cut to make a pattern and used as decorative inlays esp. on furniture (尤指镶嵌在家具上起装饰作用的)黄铜片(或龟壳等) 2  work inlaid with buhl 用黄铜(龟壳)镶嵌的饰品 3 (作 attrib.)  inlaid with buhl (用黄铜、龟壳)镶嵌的 [(buhl Germanized) from A. C. Boulle, French woodcarver d. 1732]

build /bild/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. built /bilt/)  1  a  construct (a house, vehicle, fire, road, model, etc.) by putting parts or material together 建造(车辆、模型等；) 修筑(道路；) 修建(房屋)；生(火)b  commission, finance, and oversee the building of 委托(资助、监督)建设…  the council has built two new schools  委员会已资助建造了两所新学校 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  establish, develop, make, or accumulate gradually 建立；开发；制作；逐渐积累  built the business up from nothing  生意白手起家b (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  base (hopes, theories, etc.) 把(希望)寄托在…；以…为(理论等)基础  ideas built on a false foundation  没有事实为基础的思想 3 (as 作 built adj.)  having a specified build 有…体形的；有…构造的  sturdily built  体格健壮的 brick-built  用砖造的 ●n.  1  the proportions of esp. the human body (尤指人)体形，体格  a slim build  身材苗条 2  a style of construction; a make 造型；构造  build of his suit was pre-war  他的西服还是战前的式样 □ build in   incorporate as part of a structure 嵌入，并入；使成为一体□ build in (or round or up)   surround with houses etc.; block up 围以(房屋等)；堵塞□ build on   add (an extension etc.) 添造(房屋扩建部分等)□ build up   1  increase in size or strength 增长，增强，增加 2  praise; boost 赞美；吹捧 3  gradually become established 逐渐被确立(或认可)□ built on sand   unstable 建在沙地上的，不牢靠的 [Old English byldan from bold ‘dwelling’, from Germanic]

builder /ˈbildə/ n.  1  a contractor for building houses etc.; a master builder (建筑等)承包商；营造商 2  a person engaged as a bricklayer etc. on a building site (砌砖等的)建筑工人

builders' merchant n. Brit.  a supplier of materials to builders [英]建筑材料供应商

building /ˈbildiŋ/ n.  1  a permanent fixed structure forming an enclosure and providing protection from the elements etc. (e.g. a house, school, factory, or stable) (能抵御自然环境等的)建筑物(如房屋、学校、工厂或马厩) 2  the constructing of such structures 建筑，建造

building line n.  a limit or boundary between a house and a street beyond which the owner may not build 房基线，建筑线

building site n.  an area before or during the construction of a house etc. (建造房屋等的)建筑工地

building society n. Brit.  a financial organization which accepts investments at interest and lends capital for mortgages on houses etc. [英]建屋互助会(接受投资并贷款用于房屋等抵押的金融机构)

build-up n.  1  a favourable description in advance; publicity 制造声势(或舆论)；宣传 2  a gradual approach to a climax or maximum 逐渐达到高潮(或顶点)  the build-up was slow but sure  准备工作慢而有序 3  an accumulation or increase 积聚，集结，增加

built past and past part.  of BUILD 

built-in adj.  1  forming an integral part of a structure 成为某物组成部分的，作为固定装置而建造的 2  inherent, integral, innate 固有的，不可分开的，内在的  built-in obsolescence  内在的陈旧性 built-in integrity  内在的完整

built-up adj.  1 (of a locality) densely covered by houses etc. (某地区) (房屋等)密集的 2  increased in height etc. by the addition of parts (高度等)层层叠高的 3  composed of separately prepared parts 组合的，拼装的

bulb /bʌlb/ n.  1  a  a fleshy-leaved storage organ of some plants (e.g. lily, onion) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards 球茎，鳞茎(如百合、洋葱)b  a plant grown from this, e.g. a daffodil 球茎植物(如黄水仙) 2  = LIGHT BULB  3  any object or part shaped like a bulb 球状物 [Latin bulbus from Greek bolbos ‘onion’]

bulbil /ˈbʌlbil/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  a small bulb which grows among the leaves or flowers of a plant 球芽 2  a small bulb at the side of an ordinary bulb 小球茎 [modern Latin bulbillus, diminutive of bulbus ‘bulb’]

bulbous /ˈbʌlbəs/ adj.  1  shaped like a bulb; fat or bulging 球茎状的；圆胖的，膨胀的 2  having a bulb or bulbs 有球茎的 3 (of a plant) growing from a bulb (植物)由球茎长出的

bulbul /ˈbʊlbʊl/ n.  1  an Asian or African songbird of the family Pycnonotidae, of dull plumage with contrasting bright patches (鹎科)鹎；歌鸲 2  a singer or poet 歌手；诗人 [Persian from Arabic, of imitative origin]

Bulgar /ˈbʌlɡɑ:/ n.  1  a member of a tribe who settled in what is now Bulgaria in the 7th c. 公元 7 世纪生活在今保加利亚的部落成员 2  a Bulgarian 保加利亚人，保加利亚国民 [medieval Latin Bulgarus from Old Bulgarian Bluˇgarinuˇ]

bulgar /ˈbʌlɡə/ n. (also 亦作 bulgur)  a cereal food of whole wheat partially boiled then dried, eaten esp. in Turkey (尤指在土耳其食用的)煮得半熟的干小麦 [Turkish]

Bulgaria   保加利亚

Bulgarian /bʌlˈɡɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Bulgaria 保加利亚人，保加利亚国民b  a person of Bulgarian descent 保加利亚人后裔；有保加利亚血统的人 2  the language of Bulgaria 保加利亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Bulgaria or its people or language (有关)保加利亚的；(有关)保加利亚人的；(有关)保加利亚语的 [medieval Latin Bulgaria from Bulgarus: see BULGAR]

bulge /bʌldʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a convex part of an otherwise flat or flatter surface 凸出部分b  an irregular swelling; a lump 膨胀；肿块 2 colloq.  a temporary increase in quantity or number [口]短时增多(或增大)  baby bulge  生育高峰 3 Naut.  the bilge of a ship 【海】船腹 4 Mil.  a salient 【军】突出部 ●v.  1 intr.  swell outwards 肿大；凸起 2 intr.  be full or replete 塞满，装满 3 tr.  swell (a bag, cheeks, etc.) by stuffing 把(包)塞满；使(两颊等)鼓起 □ have (or get) the bulge on  Brit. slang  have or get an advantage over [英] [俚语]胜过，优于□ bulgingly  adv.  □ bulgy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French boulge, bouge from Latin bulga: see BUDGET]

bulgur var.  of BULGAR  BULGAR 的变体

bulimarexia /bjʊˌliməˈreksiə, bʊ-/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = BULIMIA 2  □ bulimarexic  adj. & n.   [BULIMIA + ANOREXIA]

bulimia /bjʊˈlimiə, bʊ-/ n. Med. 【医】  1  insatiable overeating 食欲过盛 2 (in full 全称 bulimia nervosa)  an emotional disorder in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting 贪食－厌食症，神经性厌食 □ bulimic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek boulimia from bous ‘ox’ + limos ‘hunger’]

bulk /bʌlk/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the and foll. by 后跟 of; the verb agrees with the complement 动词与补语一致)  the greater part or number 大部分；大多数  the bulk of the applicants are women  申请者中大多数是妇女 the bulk of the book is boring  这本书里一大半都很枯燥 2  a  size, magnitude, or volume (esp. large) (尤指巨大的)体积；数量；容量  its bulk is enormous  其体积巨大b  a large mass or shape 巨大的物体；庞然大物c  great quantity or volume 大量；容量巨大 often 常作 attrib.: a bulk supplier  大批发商 3  a bodily frame of large proportions (肥硕的)身躯，大块头  jacket barely covered his bulk  夹克衫勉强罩住他那肥胖的身躯 4  roughage in food 食物中的粗纤维物质 5 Naut.  a ship's cargo, esp. unpackaged 【海】(尤指散装的)一船货物 ●v.  1 intr.  seem in respect of size or importance 显得巨大(重要)  bulks large in his reckoning  在他的计算中显得尤为重要 2 tr.  make (a book, a textile yarn, etc.) seem thicker by suitable treatment 使(书、纺线等)显厚；加厚  bulked it with irrelevant stories  用一些无关的故事拉长了书的篇幅 3 tr.  combine (consignments etc.) 合并交运(发送物等) □ break bulk   begin unloading cargo 开始缷货□ in bulk   1  in large quantities, usu. at a lower price (通常以低价位)大批量 2 (of a cargo) loose, not packaged (货物)散装 [sense ‘cargo’ from Old Norse búlki; sense ‘mass’ etc. perhaps alteration of obsolete bouk (see BUCK5)]

bulk buying n.  1  buying in large amounts at a discount (削价)大批量购进 2  the purchase by one buyer of all or most of a producer's output 包销(由一个买主购进某一厂家全部或大部分产品) □ bulk-buy  v. tr.  

bulkhead /ˈbʌlkhed/ n.  an upright partition separating the compartments in a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc. (船舱、机舱、汽车等内的)隔板；舱壁 [bulk ‘stall’ from Old Norse bɑˊlkr + HEAD]

bulky /ˈbʌlki/ adj. (bulkier, bulkiest)  1  taking up much space, large 庞大的，巨大的 2  awkwardly large, unwieldy 大而笨的；不灵巧的 □ bulkily  adv.  □ bulkiness  n.  

bull1 /bʊl/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  an uncastrated male bovine animal (未阉割的)公牛b  a male of the whale, elephant, and other large animals (鲸、象及其他大型动物的)雄兽 2 (the Bull)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Taurus 金牛座 3 Brit.  the bull's-eye of a target [英]靶心 4 Stock Exch.  a person who buys shares hoping to sell them at a higher price later (cf. 参见 BEAR2) 【股】低价位买进(以期)高价卖出的人，做多头的人 ●attrib. adj.  like that of a bull 似公牛的  bull neck  粗壮的脖子 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  act or treat violently 动作莽撞；粗暴对待 2 Stock Exch. 【股】  a intr.  speculate for a rise 投机取巧哄抬证券价格b tr.  raise price of (stocks, etc.) 抬高(股票等)价格 □ bull at a gate   a hasty or rash person 草率粗鲁的人□ bull in a china shop   a reckless or clumsy person 鲁莽的人；笨手笨脚的人□ take the bull by the horns   face danger or challenge boldly 勇敢地面对困难(或挑战) [Old English (in place names) from Old Norse boli: cf. BULLOCK]

bull2 /bʊl/ n.  a papal edict 教皇诏书 [Middle English via Old French bulle from Latin bulla ‘rounded object’, in medieval Latin ‘seal’]

bull3 /bʊl/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Irish bull)  an expression containing a contradiction in terms or implying ludicrous inconsistency 自相矛盾(或荒唐可笑)的说法 2 slang [俚语] (cf. 参见 BULLSHIT)  a  nonsense 胡说八道b  trivial or insincere talk or writing 闲扯；无价值的大话(或文章)c  unnecessary routine tasks or discipline 没必要做的日常工作；不必遵守的纪律d US  a bad blunder [美]严重的错误 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bullace /ˈbʊlis/ n.  a thorny shrub, Prunus insititia, of the rose family, bearing globular yellow or purple-black fruits, of which the damson is the cultivated form 布拉斯李；紫野生李 [Middle English from Old French buloce, beloce]

bull ant n. Austral. [澳]  = BULLDOG ANT 

bulldog /ˈbʊldɒɡ/ n.  1  a  a dog of a sturdy powerful breed with a large head and smooth hair 斗牛狗，大头狗b  this breed 斗牛狗种 2  a tenacious and courageous person 硬汉子；强悍的人

bulldog ant n. Austral.  a large ant with a powerful sting [澳]犬蚁

bulldog clip n. propr.  a strong sprung clip for papers [商标] (夹纸用的)大钢夹

bulldoze /ˈbʊldəʊz/ v. tr.  1  clear with a bulldozer (用推土机)清除，推掉 2 colloq. [口]  a  intimidate 恐吓，威胁b  make (one's way) forcibly 强行通过(某人的路) [bulldose (or -doze) US = intimidate, from BULL1: second element uncertain]

bulldozer /ˈbʊldəʊzə/ n.  1  a powerful tractor with a broad curved upright blade at the front for clearing ground 推土机 2  a forceful and domineering person 强硬又专横的人

bullet /ˈbʊlit/ n.  1  a projectile of lead etc. (orig. round but now usu. cylindrical and pointed) for firing from a rifle, revolver, etc. (铅等)子弹；弹头；枪弹丸(原为圆形，现通常为圆柱形且有圆头) 2 Printing  a small usu. solid circle used to introduce and emphasize a line, an item in a list, etc. 【印刷】(通常实心)小圆圈 [French boulet, boulette, diminutive of boule ‘ball’, from Latin bulla ‘bubble’]

bullet-headed adj.  having a round head (子)弹头似的；圆头的

bulletin /ˈbʊlitin/ n.  1  a short official statement of news 布告；公告；公报 2  a regular list of information etc. issued by an organization or society (由机构或协会创办发布信息等的)通讯；会刊 [French from Italian bullettino, diminutive of bulletta ‘passport’, diminutive of bulla ‘seal, BULL2’]

bulletin board n.  1 N. Amer.  a noticeboard [北美]布告栏；布告牌 2  an information storage system for any authorized computer user to access and add to from a remote terminal 公告板，告示板(使注册入网的计算机用户可从远距离终端获取信息的信息存储系统)

bulletproof /ˈbʊlitpru:f/ adj. (of a material) designed to resist the penetration of bullets (材料)防弹的

bullet train n.  a high-speed passenger train, esp. in Japan (尤指日本的)高速火车

bull-fiddle n. US colloq.  a double bass [美口]倍低音

bullfight /ˈbʊlfait/ n.  a public spectacle, esp. in Spain, at which a bull is baited and, finally, usu. killed (尤指西班牙)斗牛(通常被杀死) □ bullfighter  n.  □ bullfighting  n.  

bullfinch /ˈbʊlfin(t)ʃ/ n.  a stocky Eurasian finch of the genus Pyrrhula with a short stout bill, esp. P. pyrrhula, which is mainly grey with a pink breast 普通红腹灰雀

bullfrog /ˈbʊlfrɒɡ/ n.  a large frog, Rana catesbiana, native to N. America, with a deep croak 牛蛙(原产北美洲)

bullhead /ˈbʊlhed/ n.  any of various freshwater fishes with large flattened heads 大头鱼，鮰

bull-headed adj.  obstinate; impetuous; blundering 固执的；鲁莽的；笨拙的 □ bull-headedly  adv.  □ bull-headedness  n.  

bullhorn /ˈbʌlhɔ:n/ n.  a megaphone 扩音器

bullion /ˈbʊlj(ə)n/ n.  a metal (esp. gold or silver) in bulk before coining, or valued by weight 金属(尤指金、银)锭 [Anglo-French = mint, variant of Old French bouillon, ultimately from Latin bullire ‘boil’]

bullish /ˈbʊliʃ/ adj.  1  like a bull, esp. in nature; impetuous, aggressive (尤指性格)牛脾气的；鲁莽的；好斗的 2  a Stock Exch.  causing or associated with a rise in prices 【股】牛市的；看(或上)涨的b  aggressively optimistic 过于乐观的 □ bullishly  adv.  □ bullishness  n.  

bull market n.  a market with shares rising in price 牛市；股票行情上涨

bull-nose attrib. adj. (also 亦作 bull-nosed)  with rounded end 鼻尖呈圆形的，圆鼻子的

bullock /ˈbʊlək/ n. & v. ●n.  a castrated male of domestic cattle, raised for beef 阉牛；肉牛 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) Austral. colloq.  work very hard [澳口]干重活，拼命干 [Old English bulluc, diminutive of BULL1]

bullocky /ˈbʊləki/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a bullock driver [澳新口]赶牛人

bullring /ˈbʊlriŋ/ n.  an arena for bullfights 斗牛场

bull session n. N. Amer.  an informal group discussion [北美]自由讨论；漫谈 [BULL3]

bull's-eye n.  1  a  the centre of a target 靶心b  a shot that hits this 命中靶心的一枪 2  a large hard peppermint-flavoured sweet 大块硬薄荷糖 3  a hemisphere or thick disc of glass in a ship's deck or side to admit light (轮船甲板或侧面的)圆玻璃窗 4  a small circular window 小圆窗；小天窗 5  a  a hemispherical lens 厚圆透镜b  a lantern fitted with this 牛眼灯 6  a boss of glass at the centre of a blown glass sheet 玻璃浮雕

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃit/ n. & v. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  1 (often as 常作 int.)  nonsense, rubbish 胡说，瞎扯 2  trivial or insincere talk or writing 废话，大话 ●v. intr. & tr. (-shitted, -shitting)  talk nonsense or as if one has specialist knowledge (to) 瞎扯；(对…)胡说 □ bullshitter  n.   [BULL3 + SHIT]

bull terrier n.  1  a short-haired dog of a breed that is a cross between a bulldog and a terrier 斗牛猎狗，叭喇猎狗 2  this breed 斗牛猎狗种；叭喇猎狗种

bulltrout /ˈbʊltraʊt/ n. Brit.  a sea trout [英]欧鳟；鲑

bully1 /ˈbʊli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who uses strength or power to coerce others by fear 恃强凌弱者 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  persecute or oppress by force or threats 欺侮；胁迫；威吓 2 (foll. by 后跟 into + verbal noun)  pressure or coerce (a person) to do something 胁迫；恐吓(某人)做某事  bullied him into agreeing  强迫他同意 [originally as a term of endearment, probably from Middle Dutch boele ‘lover’]

bully2 /ˈbʊli/ adj. & int. colloq. [口] ●adj. esp. N. Amer.  very good; first-rate [尤北美]极好的；一流的 ●int. (foll. by 后跟 for)  expressing admiration or approval 好，行(表示羡慕或赞同) often iron. [常讽]: bully for them  他们可真行啊！ [perhaps from BULLY1]

bully3 /ˈbʊli/ n. & v. (in full 全称 bully off) ●n. (pl. -ies)  the start of play in hockey in which two opponents strike each other's sticks three times and then go for the ball (曲棍球)开球(双方各一队员互击对方球棍 3 次，然后争球) ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  start play in this way (按此方法)争球 [19th c.: perhaps from bully, a scrum in Eton football, of unknown origin]

bully4 /ˈbʊli/ n. (in full 全称 bully beef)  corned beef 罐头牛肉；腌牛肉 [French bouilli ‘boiled beef’ from bouillir BOIL1]

bully boy n.  a hired ruffian 打手，暴徒

bullyrag var.  of BALLYRAG  BALLYRAG 的变体

bully tree /ˈbʊli/ n.  = BALATA  [corruption]

bulrush /ˈbʊlrʌʃ/ n.  1  = REED MACE  2  a rushlike water plant, Scirpus lacustris, used for weaving 藨草(用于编织) 3 Bibl.  a papyrus plant 【圣经】纸莎草 [perhaps from BULL1 = large, coarse, as in bullfrog, bulltrout, etc.]

bulwark /ˈbʊlwək/ n.  1  a defensive wall, esp. of earth; a rampart; a mole or breakwater (尤指泥土垒砌的)防御工事；防御土墙；防波堤(或堤岸) 2  a person, principle, etc., that acts as a defence 保护者(防御原则等) 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a ship's side above deck 舷墙(甲板以上的船侧) [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch bolwerk: see BOLE1, WORK]

bum1 /bʌm/ n. Brit. slang  the buttocks [英] [俚语]屁股 [Middle English bom, of unknown origin]

bum2 /bʌm/ n., v. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a vagrant [北美]无业游民 2  a habitual loafer; a lazy dissolute person 游手好闲的人；放荡不羁的懒汉  beach bum  海滩上的闲荡者 ●v. (bummed, bumming)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  loaf or wander around; be a bum (无所事事地)闲逛；游荡，作流浪汉 2 tr.  get by begging; cadge 乞讨；乞求 ●attrib. adj.  of poor quality 劣质的 □ on the bum   vagrant, begging 过着流浪生活；乞讨 [probably an abbreviation or back-formation from BUMMER]

bumbag /ˈbʌmbæɡ/ n. Brit. colloq.  a small pouch for money and other valuables, on a belt worn round the waist or hips [英口] (系在腰间的)钱包，腰带包

bum-bailiff n. hist.  a bailiff empowered to collect debts or arrest debtors for non-payment [史义] (要账或拘捕欠账者的)法警 [BUM1, so called as approaching from behind]

bumble /ˈbʌmb(ə)l/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on)  speak in a rambling incoherent way 语无伦次地说 2 (often as 常作 bumbling adj.)  move or act ineptly; blunder 笨手笨脚的；错误的 3  make a buzz or hum 发嗡嗡声(或营营声) □ bumbler  n.   [BOOM1 + -LE4: partly from bumble = blunderer]

bumble-bee /ˈbʌmb(ə)lbi:/ n.  a large social bee of the genus Bombus, with a loud hum Also called 亦称作 humble-bee (熊蜂属)熊蜂 [as BUMBLE]

bumboat /ˈbʌmbəʊt/ n.  a small boat plying with provisions etc. for ships (携带供应品等的)小贩船；小卖艇 [BUM1 (originally a scavenger's boat removing refuse etc. from ships)]

bumboy /ˈbʌmbɔi/ n. slang  a young male homosexual, esp. a prostitute [俚语] (尤指卖身的)年轻的男同性恋者

bumf /bʌmf/ n. (also 亦作 bumph) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 usu. derog.  papers, documents [通常贬]文件，公文 2  lavatory paper 手纸，便纸 [abbreviation of bum-fodder]

bum fluff n. slang  an adolescent's first beard growth [俚语]青少年的第一茬胡须

bumiputra /bu:miˈpu:trə/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -s)  a Malaysian of indigenous Malay origin 马来西亚土著人，马来人 ●adj.  of or relating to the bumiputra (有关)马来人的 [Malay from Sanskrit, = son of the soil]

bummalo /ˈbʌmələʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a small fish, Harpodon nehereus, of S. Asian coasts, dried and used as food (see 见 BOMBAY DUCK) 龙头鱼(南亚海岸的一种小鱼，晒干食用) [perhaps from Marathi bombīl(a)]

bummer /ˈbʌmə/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  an idler; a loafer 无所事事的人；游手好闲的人 2  an unpleasant occurrence 不愉快的事件 [19th c.: perhaps from German Bummler]

bump /bʌmp/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a dull-sounding blow or collision (发出沉闷响声的)撞击，碰撞 2  a swelling or dent caused by this (由碰撞造成的)凸痕；凹痕 3  an uneven patch on a road, field, etc. (道路、地面等上的)凸块 4 hist.  any prominence on the skull formerly thought to indicate a particular mental faculty [史义]头盖骨上的隆起部分(旧时认为是特殊才能的象征) 5 (in narrow-river races where boats make a spaced start one behind another) the point at which a boat begins to overtake (and usu. touches) the boat ahead, thereby defeating it (在窄河道赛艇比赛中的)赛艇的碰撞(通常以后船追撞前船船尾为赢) 6 Aeron. 【空】  a  an irregularity in an aircraft's motion (飞机因气流突然上升而产生的)空中颠簸b  a rising air current causing this (造成颠簸的)上升气流 7 (the bumps) Brit. (on a person's birthday) the act of lifting a person by the arms and legs and letting him or her down on to the ground, once for each year of age [英] (过生日时)将人举起又放下(一岁碰地一次) ●v.  1  a tr.  hit or come against with a bump 使猛击；使碰撞b intr. (of two objects) collide (两个物体)相撞 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, into)  hit with a bump; collide with 碰撞；相撞 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, on)  hurt or damage by striking 碰伤；撞坏  bumped my head on the ceiling  我的头撞在天花板上 bumped the car while parking  停车时把车给撞了 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along)  move or travel with much jolting 颠簸着行进  we bumped along the road  我们一路颠簸 5 tr. (in a boat race) gain a bump against (在划船比赛中)碰撞 6 tr. N. Amer.  displace, esp. by seniority [北美] (尤指被上司)挤掉…的座位；取代…的职位 ●adv.  with a bump; suddenly; violently 扑通一声；突然地；猛烈地 □ bump into  colloq.  meet by chance [口]偶然遇见；碰见□ bump off  slang  murder [俚语]谋杀□ bump up  colloq.  increase (prices etc.) [口]抬高(价格等) [16th c., imitative: perhaps from Scandinavian]

bumper /ˈbʌmpə/ n.  1  a horizontal bar or strip fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision or as a trim (汽车的)保险杠 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  an unusually large or fine example 极大(极好)的  a bumper crop  庄稼丰收 3 Cricket 【板球】  = BOUNCER 2  4  a brim-full glass of wine etc. (葡萄酒等的)满满一杯

bumper car n.  = DODGEM 

bumph var.  of BUMF  BUMF 的变体

bumpkin /ˈbʌm(p)kin/ n.  a rustic or socially inept person 乡巴佬(儿)；土包子 [perhaps Dutch boomken ‘little tree’ or Middle Dutch bommekijn ‘little barrel’]

bump-start n. & v. tr. Brit. [英]  = PUSH-START 

bumptious /ˈbʌm(p)ʃəs/ adj.  offensively self-assertive or conceited 自以为是的；狂妄自大的 □ bumptiously  adv.  □ bumptiousness  n.   [BUMP, on the pattern of FRACTIOUS]

bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/ adj. (bumpier, bumpiest)  1  having many bumps 高低不平的，隆起的  a bumpy road  崎岖不平的道路 2  affected by bumps 颠簸的  a bumpy ride  颠簸着行驶 □ bumpily  adv.  □ bumpiness  n.  

bum rap n. N. Amer. slang  imprisonment on a false charge [北美] [俚语]冤案；因冤案坐牢 [BUM2]

bum's rush n. (prec. by 前接 the) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  forcible ejection 驱逐 2  abrupt dismissal 立即打发；摒弃 [BUM2]

bum steer n. N. Amer. slang  false information [北美] [俚语]假情报 [BUM2 + steer ‘a piece of advice’]

bum-sucker n. Brit. coarse slang  a toady [英] [粗俗俚语]献媚者；马屁精 □ bum-sucking  n.   [BUM1]

bun /bʌn/ n.  1  a small usu. sweetened bread roll or cake, often with dried fruit 小圆(果子)甜面包；小圆糕点 2 Sc.  a rich fruit cake or currant bread [苏格兰] (浓味)水果蛋糕；葡萄干面包 3  hair worn drawn back into a tight coil at the back of the head (盘在脑后的)圆发髻 4 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [北美] [俚语]屁股 □ have a bun in the oven  slang  be pregnant [俚语]怀孕 [Middle English: origin unknown]

Buna /ˈbju:nə/ n. propr.  a synthetic rubber made by polymerization of butadiene [商标]丁(二烯)钠(聚)橡胶，布纳橡胶(一种合成橡胶) [German (as BUTADIENE, Na chemical symbol for sodium)]

bunch /bʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cluster of things growing or fastened together 束；串  bunch of grapes  一串葡萄 bunch of keys  一串钥匙 2  a collection; a set or lot 扎；捆；套；卷  best of the bunch  精华 3 colloq.  a group; a gang [口]群；伙；帮 ●v.  1 tr.  make into a bunch or bunches; gather into close folds 捆扎，使成束；使打褶 2 intr.  form into a group or crowd 成束；成群 □ bunchy  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

bunch grass n. N. Amer.  a grass that grows in clumps, esp. of the genus Poa or Festuca [北美]丛生禾草；簇生草

bunch of fives n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a hand or fist 手；拳头 2  a punch 一拳，一击

bunco /ˈbʌŋkəʊ/ n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n. (pl. -os)  a swindle, esp. by card-sharping or a confidence trick 欺骗(尤指打牌作弊或用骗局) ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  swindle, cheat 诈骗；欺骗 [perhaps from Spanish banca, name of a card game]

buncombe var.  of BUNKUM  BUNKUM 的变体

Bundesrat /ˈbʊndəzrɑ:t/ n.  the Upper House of Parliament in Germany or in Austria (德国或奥地利议会的)上院，联邦参议院 [German from Bund ‘federation’ + Rat ‘council’]

Bundestag /ˈbʊndəztɑ:ɡ/ n.  the Lower House of Parliament in Germany (德国或奥地利议会的)下院，联邦议院 [German from Bund ‘federation’ + tagen ‘confer’]

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a collection of things tied or fastened together 捆，束，包 2  a set of nerve fibres etc. banded together (神经纤维等的)束 3 slang  a large amount of money [俚语]一大笔钱 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  tie in or make into a bundle 把…扎成一捆(或一包)  bundled up my squash kit  把我的壁球袋扎好 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  throw or push, esp. quickly or confusedly (尤指快而胡乱地)把…随便扔在一起；把…塞(或堆)一起  bundled the papers into the drawer  把文件胡乱塞在抽屉里 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, off, away, etc.)  send (esp. a person) away hurriedly or unceremoniously 把(尤指某人)推出去；匆匆把(某人)打发走；撵走  bundled them off the premises  把他们从经营场地打发走 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with) (usu. as 通常作 bundled adj.) Computing  sell as a package with 【计算】与…搭配(或捆绑)销售  training is bundled with the software  买此软件可得到免费培训 5 intr.  sleep clothed with another person, esp. a fiancé(e), as a local custom 与未婚妻(夫)和衣同睡一床(一种地方风俗) □ be a bundle of nerves (or prejudices etc.)   be extremely nervous (or prejudiced etc.) 神经极度紧张的(偏见极大的等)□ bundle up   dress warmly or cumbersomely 穿得暖和(或臃肿)□ go a bundle on  Brit. slang  be very fond of [英] [俚语]十分喜爱□ bundler  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old English byndelle ‘a binding’, but also from Low German, Dutch bundel]

bun fight n. Brit. slang  a tea party [英] [俚语]茶会

bung1 /bʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a stopper for closing a hole in a container, esp. a cask (尤指酒桶的)塞子 ●v. tr.  1  stop with a bung (用塞子)堵住，塞住 2 Brit. slang  throw, toss [英] [俚语]扔，掷 □ bunged up   closed, blocked 堵住，塞住 [Middle Dutch bonghe]

bung2 /bʌŋ/ adj. Austral. & NZ slang  dead; ruined, useless [澳新] [俚语]死的；坏的；无用的 □ go bung   1  die 死 2  fail; go bankrupt 失败；破产 [Aboriginal, probably Yagara]

bungalow /ˈbʌŋɡələʊ/ n.  a one-storeyed house 平房 [Gujarati bangalo from Hindustani baṅglɑˉ ‘belonging to Bengal’]

bungee /ˈbʌndʒi/ n. (in full 全称 bungee cord, rope)  an elasticated cord or rope, used for securing baggage and in bungee jumping (绑行李或跳蹦极用的)带弹性的绳(或索)；橡皮筋 [origin unknown]

bungee jumping n.  the sport of jumping from a height while secured by a bungee from the ankles, or by a harness 蹦极跳；蹦极 □ bungee jumper  n.  

bung-hole n.  a hole for filling or emptying a cask etc. (酒桶等的)桶孔

bungle /ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  blunder over, mismanage, or fail at (a task) 搞坏；笨手笨脚地做；把(事情)做砸 2 intr.  work badly or clumsily 粗制滥造；把工作搞糟 ●n.  a bungled attempt; bungled work 笨拙的尝试；拙劣的工作 □ bungler  n.   [imitative: cf. BUMBLE]

bunion /ˈbʌnj(ə)n/ n.  a swelling on the foot, esp. at the first joint of the big toe (尤指脚拇趾首关节的)拇囊肿 [Old French buignon from buigne ‘bump on the head’]

bunk1 /bʌŋk/ n.  a sleeping berth, esp. a shelf-like bed against a wall, e.g. in a ship (如船上的)铺位 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bunk2 /bʌŋk/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 off)  play truant from (school etc.) (从学校等)逃学，旷课 ●n. (in 用于 do a bunk)  leave or abscond hurriedly 逃走；匆忙潜逃 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bunk3 /bʌŋk/ n. slang  nonsense, humbug [俚语]胡说八道，胡言乱语，骗人的鬼话 [abbreviation of BUNKUM]

bunk bed n.  each of two or more beds one above the other, forming a unit 双层(或多层)床的铺位

bunker /ˈbʌŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large container or compartment for storing fuel 储存燃料的容器(或舱) 2  a reinforced underground shelter, esp. for use in wartime (尤指战时的)地下掩体；地堡 3  a hollow filled with sand, used as an obstacle in a golf course (高尔夫球场上难以击球的)沙坑 ●v. tr.  1  fill the fuel bunkers of (a ship etc.) 将燃料装进(船等上的)燃料舱 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  a  trap in a bunker (in sense 3 用于释义 3) 把(球)击入沙坑b Brit.  bring into difficulties [英]使陷入困境 [19th c.: origin unknown]

bunkhouse /ˈbʌŋkhaʊs/ n.  a house where workmen etc. are lodged (工人等住的)简易宿舍，临时住房

bunkum /ˈbʌŋkəm/ n. (also 亦作 buncombe)  nonsense; humbug 胡说八道，胡言乱语，骗人的鬼话 [originally buncombe from Buncombe County in N. Carolina, mentioned in an inconsequential speech made by its Congressman solely to please his constituents, c. 1820]

bunny /ˈbʌni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a child's name for a rabbit (儿语)兔子 2 Austral. slang  a victim or dupe [澳] [俚语]易受骗的人；傻子 3 (in full 全称 bunny girl)  a club hostess, waitress, etc., wearing a skimpy costume with ears and a tail suggestive of a rabbit 兔儿女郎(夜总会的女招待、女服务等，以假的兔子耳朵或尾巴作装饰) [dialect bun ‘rabbit’]

Bunsen /ˈbʌns(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 Bunsen burner)  a small adjustable gas burner used in scientific work as a source of great heat 本生灯(在科学实验中作为热源的可调式煤气灯) [R. W. Bunsen, German chemist d. 1899]

bunt1 /bʌnt/ n.  the baggy centre of a fishing net, sail, etc. (鱼网的)网身；帆腹(帆的鼓起部分) [16th c.: origin unknown]

bunt2 /bʌnt/ n.  a disease of wheat caused by the fungus Tilletia caries (小麦由腥黑粉菌引起的)腥黑穗(或黑粉)病 [17th c.: origin unknown]

bunt3 /bʌnt/ v. & n. US Baseball [美]【棒球】  ●v. tr.  let (a ball) rebound from the bat without swinging 触击，轻打(棒球) ●n.  an instance of bunting 轻轻的一击 [19th c.: probably related to BUTT1]

buntal /ˈbʌnt(ə)l/ n.  the straw from a talipot palm (编草帽用的)扇形棕榈叶麻；金丝草 [Tagalog]

bunting1 /ˈbʌntiŋ/ n.  a seed-eating bird of the family Emberizidae, related to the finches, usu. with a streaked sparrow-like plumage. 鹀(一种以植物籽为食的鹀科鸣禽，羽毛有条纹，似麻雀) [Middle English: origin unknown]

bunting2 /ˈbʌntiŋ/ n.  1  flags and other decorations 旗帜；彩旗 2  a loosely woven fabric used for these (作旗帜、彩旗用)粗纺织物 [18th c.: origin unknown]

buntline /ˈbʌntlain/ n.  a line for confining the bunt when furling a sail (see 见 BUNT1) (船的)拢帆索

bunya /ˈbʌnjə/ n. (also 亦作 bunya bunya /ˈbʌnjəbʌnjə/) Austral.  a tall coniferous tree, Araucaria bidwillii, bearing large edible cones [澳]披针叶南洋杉(一种高大针叶树，其果可食用) [Aboriginal (Queensland)]

bunyip /ˈbʌnjip/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a fabulous monster inhabiting swamps and lagoons 沼泽怪兽 2  an impostor 骗子 [Wemba-wemba banib]

buoy /bɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an anchored float serving as a navigation mark or to show reefs etc. 浮标；航标(用作航海或礁石的标志) 2  a lifebuoy 救生圈 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  keep afloat 使浮起b  sustain the courage or spirits of (a person etc.); uplift, encourage 使(某人)保持勇气(或精神)；振奋；鼓励 2 (often foll. by 通常后跟 out)  mark with a buoy or buoys 用浮标标出 [Middle English probably from Middle Dutch bo(e)ye, from a Germanic base meaning ‘signal’]

buoyancy /ˈbɔiənsi/ n.  1  the capacity to be or remain buoyant 浮力 2  resilience; recuperative power 复原；恢复活力的力量 3  cheerfulness 乐观轻松的心情

buoyancy aid n.  a sleeveless jacket lined with buoyant material, worn for water sports (做水上运动时穿的一种衬有漂浮材料的无袖短)救生衫

buoyant /ˈbɔiənt/ adj.  1  a  able or apt to keep afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas 能漂浮的；有浮力的b (of a liquid or gas) able to keep something afloat (液体或气体)能使物体漂浮的 2  light-hearted 乐观的；轻松的 □ buoyantly  adv.   [French buoyant or Spanish boyante, part. of boyar ‘float’ ultimately from the Germanic base of BUOY]

BUPA /ˈbu:pə/ abbr.  British United Provident Association (a private health insurance organization) [缩略]英国有远见者联合会(一个私人健康保险机构)

bur /bɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 burr)  1  a  a prickly clinging seed case or flower head 刺果b  any plant producing these 有刺果的植物 2  a person hard to shake off 难以摆脱的人；依附别人为生的人 3  = BURRn. 2  [Middle English: related to Danish burre ‘bur, burdock’, Swedish kard-borre ‘burdock’]

burb /bɜ:b/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer. colloq.  a suburb [北美口]郊区 [abbreviation]

Burberry /ˈbɜ:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) propr.  a distinctive type of raincoat [商标]柏帛丽雨衣 [Burberry's, name of the manufacturer]

burble /ˈbɜ:b(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  speak ramblingly; make a murmuring noise 东拉西扯地说；发出沙沙(或汩汩)声 2 Aeron. (of an airflow) break up into turbulence 【空】(气流)产生涡流 ●n.  1  a murmuring noise 汩汩声 2  rambling speech 空谈；瞎扯 □ burbler  n.   [Middle English: imitative]

burbot /ˈbɜ:bət/ n.  an eel-like flat-headed bearded freshwater fish, Lota lota 江鳕 [Middle English, from Old French borbete, probably from borbe ‘mud, slime’]

burden /ˈbɜ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. (also archaic [亦古义] burthen /ˈbɜ:ð(ə)n/) ●n.  1  a load, esp. a heavy one 负荷，负担(尤指重负) 2  an oppressive duty, obligation, expense, emotion, etc. (难以承担的)职责(义务、费用或感情) 3  the bearing of loads 载重  beast of burden  驮兽 4  a ship's carrying capacity, tonnage (轮船的)装载量，吨位 5  a  the refrain or chorus of a song (歌曲中的)副歌(或合唱叠句)b  the chief theme or gist of a speech, book, poem, etc. (讲话、书、诗等的)主题，要旨 ●v. tr.  load with a burden; encumber, oppress 加负荷于；使沉重，使烦恼 □ burdensome  adj.   [Old English byrthen: related to BIRTH]

burden of proof n.  the obligation to prove one's case 举证责任(提供证据的义务)

burdock /ˈbɜ:dɒk/ n.  any plant of the genus Arctium, with prickly flowers and docklike leaves 牛蒡；牛蒡属植物 [BUR + DOCK3]

bureau /ˈbjʊərəʊ/ n. (pl. bureaux or bureaus /-rəʊz/)  1  a Brit.  a writing desk with drawers and usu. an angled top opening downwards to form a writing surface [英] (带抽屉的)书桌； (通常有一块有角度的桌面，放下后可形成)写字台b N. Amer.  a chest of drawers [北美]五斗橱，衣柜 2  a  an office or department for transacting specific business 办事处，联络站(或处)b  a government department (政府机构的)局；司；处；署 [French, = desk, originally its baize covering, from Old French burel from bure, buire ‘dark brown’, ultimately from Greek purros ‘red’]

bureaucracy /bjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  government by central administration 中央集权制；官僚政治b  a state or organization so governed 中央集权制国家(或组织)，官僚政府 2  the officials of such a government, esp. regarded as oppressive and inflexible (尤指暴虐刻板的)官僚 3  conduct typical of such officials 官僚作风；官样文章 [French bureaucratie: see BUREAU]

bureaucrat /ˈbjʊərəkræt/ n.  1  an official in a bureaucracy 官僚机构的官吏 2  an inflexible or insensitive administrator 刻板(不通人情)的行政官员；官僚主义者 □ bureaucratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ bureaucratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [French bureaucrate (as BUREAUCRACY)]

bureaucratize /bjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  govern by or transform into a bureaucratic system 官僚统治；官僚化 □ bureaucratization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

burette /bjʊˈret/ n. (US [美] buret)  a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for measuring out small volumes of liquid in chemical analysis (化学分析用)滴定管，量管 [French]

burg /bɜ:ɡ/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a town or city [北美口]市镇，城市 [see 见 BOROUGH]

burgage /ˈbɜ:ɡidʒ/ n. hist. (in England and Scotland) tenure of land in a town on a yearly rent [史义] (英格兰和苏格兰一年一租的)租地法 [Middle English, from medieval Latin burgagium from burgus BOROUGH]

burgee /bɜ:ˈdʒi:/ n.  a flag bearing the colours or emblem of a sailing club 彩色三角旗；彩色小燕尾旗(带有航海俱乐部的标志) [18th c.: perhaps = (ship) owner, ultimately French bourgeois: see BURGESS]

burgeon /ˈbɜ:dʒ(ə)n/ v. & n. literary [文学用语] ●v. intr.  1  begin to grow rapidly; flourish 开始迅速成长；繁荣 2  put forth young shoots; bud 发芽；萌发 ●n.  a bud or young shoot 新芽，嫩枝 [Middle English from Old French bor-, burjon, ultimately from Late Latin burra ‘wool’]

burger /ˈbɜ:ɡə/ n.  1 colloq.  a hamburger [口]汉堡包 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a certain kind of hamburger or variation of it 肉饼三明治；汉堡包式夹馅面包  beefburger  牛肉汉堡包 nutburger  碎果仁饼三明治 [abbreviation]

burgess /ˈbɜ:dʒis/ n.  1 Brit.  an inhabitant of a town or borough, esp. of one with full municipal rights [英] (尤指有充分地方自治权的村、镇、市)居民 2 Brit. hist.  a Member of Parliament for a borough, corporate town, or university [英史义] (代表自治市、镇或大学的)国会议员 3 US  a borough magistrate or governor [美]镇行政长官；镇长 [Middle English from Old French burgeis, ultimately from Late Latin burgus BOROUGH]

burgh /ˈbʌrə/ n. hist.  a Scottish borough or chartered town [史义] (苏格兰) (享有特权的)自治市，特别市 □ burghal  /ˈbɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [Scots form of BOROUGH]

burgher /ˈbɜ:ɡə/ n.  1  a citizen or freeman, esp. of a Continental town (欧洲大陆城镇中的)市民；自由人 2 S. Afr. hist.  a citizen of a Boer republic [南非] [史义]布尔人所建共和国的公民 3  a descendant of a Dutch or Portuguese colonist in Sri Lanka (斯里兰卡的)荷兰(或葡萄牙)殖民者后裔 [German Burger or Dutch burger, from Burg, burg BOROUGH]

burglar /ˈbɜ:ɡlə/ n.  a person who commits burglary 窃贼；破门行窃者 □ burglarious  /-ˈɡlɛəriəs/ adj.   [legal Anglo-French burgler, related to Old French burgier ‘pillage’]

burglarize /ˈbɜ:ɡləraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) US [美]  = BURGLE 

burglary /ˈbɜ:ɡləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  entry into a building illegally with intent to commit theft, do bodily harm, or do damage (before 1968, in English law, a crime under statute and in common law; after 1968 a statutory crime only) Cf. 参见 HOUSEBREAKING 入户行窃；入户盗窃罪(在 1968 年以前的美国法律中，犯罪是依据美国的成文法和习惯法定罪 , 1968 年以后只依据成文法定罪) 2  an instance of this 入户行窃行为 [legal Anglo-French burglarie: see BURGLAR]

burgle /ˈbɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  commit burglary on (a building or person) 破门盗窃(某处或某人财物) 2 intr.  commit burglary 犯入户盗窃罪 [back-formation from BURGLAR]

burgomaster /ˈbɜ:ɡəmɑ:stə/ n.  the mayor of a Dutch or Flemish town 荷兰(或佛兰德斯)的市镇长官 [Dutch burgemeester from burg BOROUGH: assimilated to MASTER]

burgrave /ˈbɜ:ɡreiv/ n. hist.  the ruler of a town or castle [史义]市镇(或城堡)的领主 [German Burggraf from Burg BOROUGH + Graf COUNT2]

burgundy /ˈbɜ:ɡəndi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  wine (usu. red) from Burgundy in eastern France 勃艮第(通常为红)葡萄酒(原产于法国东部勃艮第地区)b  a similar wine from another place (产于其他地区类似勃艮第酒的)葡萄酒 2  the red colour of burgundy wine 勃艮第红；紫红色 ●adj.  of this colour 紫红色的

burhel var.  of BHARAL  BHARAL 的变体

burial /ˈberiəl/ n.  1  a  the burying of a dead body 埋葬b  a funeral 葬礼 2 Archaeol.  a grave or its remains 【考古】坟墓；坟墓的遗址 [Middle English, erroneously formed as sing. of Old English byrgels, from Germanic: related to BURY]

burial ground n.  a cemetery 墓地

burin /ˈbjʊərin/ n.  1  a steel tool for engraving on copper or wood 雕刻刀，刻刀 2 Archaeol.  a flint tool with a chisel point 【考古】凿刀状打火刀 [French]

burk var.  of BERK  BERK 的变体

burka /ˈbʊəkə/ n.  a long enveloping garment worn in public by Muslim women (穆斯林妇女在公众场合穿戴的)蒙住全身(只留眼睛)的长袍 [Urdu from Arabic burḳaˈ]

Burkina Faso   布基纳法索

Burkinese /bɜ:ˌkiˈni:z/ adj. & n.  布基纳法索的(人)

Burkitt's lymphoma /ˈbɜ:kits/ n. Med.  a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, esp. affecting children in central Africa 【医】伯基特淋巴瘤(一种恶性瘤，尤多见于中非儿童) [D. P. Burkitt, British surgeon d. 1993]

burl /bɜ:l/ n.  1  a knot or lump in wool or cloth (毛线或织物上的)粒结 2 N. Amer.  a rounded flat knotty growth on a tree [北美]树结，树瘤 [Middle English from Old French bourle ‘tuft of wool’, diminutive of bourre ‘coarse wool’, from Late Latin burra ‘wool’]

burlap /ˈbɜ:læp/ n.  1  coarse canvas esp. of jute used for sacking etc. (尤指用于麻袋等的黄麻)粗麻布 2  a similar lighter material for use in dressmaking or furnishing (用于制衣或室内装饰的)细麻布 [17th c.: origin unknown]

burlesque /bɜ:ˈlesk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  comic imitation, esp. in parody of a dramatic or literary work (尤指对剧本或文学作品的)诙谐模仿b  a performance or work of this kind 诙谐表演(或作品)c  bombast, mock-seriousness 浮夸；(通过诙谐模仿进行的)嘲弄 2 US  a variety show, often including striptease [美] (常包括脱衣舞表演的)滑稽歌舞杂剧，低级歌舞表演 ●adj.  of or in the nature of burlesque 滑稽的；嘲弄(或夸张地)模仿的 ●v. tr. (burlesques, burlesqued, burlesquing)  make or give a burlesque of (以滑稽或夸张手法)嘲弄模仿 □ burlesquer  n.   [French from Italian burlesco, from burla ‘mockery’]

burly /ˈbɜ:li/ adj. (burlier, burliest)  of stout sturdy build; big and strong 魁梧的；身强力壮的；结实的 □ burliness  n.   [Middle English borli, probably from an Old English form = ‘stately, fit for the bower’ (BOWER1)]

Burma   缅甸 (officially called Myanmar)

Burman /ˈbɜ:mən/ adj. & n. (pl. Burmans)  = BURMESE 

Burmese /bɜ:ˈmi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or national of Burma (now Myanmar) in SE Asia 缅甸人，缅甸国民(现称作 Myanmar)b  a person of Burmese descent 缅甸人后裔 2  a member of the largest ethnic group of Burma 缅甸族人 3  the language of this group 缅甸语 4 (in full 全称 Burmese cat)  a breed of short-coated domestic cat 缅甸猫 ●adj.  of or relating to Burma or its people or language (有关)缅甸的；(有关)缅甸人的；(有关)缅甸语的

burn1 /bɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. burnt or burned)  1 tr. & intr.  be or cause to be consumed or destroyed by fire (使)燃烧；(被)烧掉，烧毁 2 intr.  a  blaze or glow with fire 发光，发亮b  be in the state characteristic of fire 着火，烧着 3 tr. & intr.  be or cause to be injured or damaged by fire or great heat or by radiation (使)烧伤，烧坏，烧焦，灼伤 4 tr. & intr.  use or be used as a source of heat, light, or other energy (被)用作热源(光源或其他能量来源) 5 tr. & intr.  char or scorch in cooking 烧焦，烧糊(饭、菜)  burned the vegetables  把菜烧糊了 the vegetables are burning  菜烧糊了 6 tr.  produce (a hole, a mark, etc.) by fire or heat 烧出(窟窿或痕迹) 7 tr.  a  subject (clay, chalk, etc.) to heat for a purpose 烧制(陶器或白垩等)b  harden (bricks) by fire 烧(砖)c  make (lime or charcoal) by heat 烧制(石灰或木炭) 8 tr.  colour, tan, or parch with heat or light 烧黑，晒黑；烤焦，烤糊  we were burnt brown by the sun  我们被太阳晒得黝黑 9 tr. & intr.  put or be put to death by fire (被)烧死 10 tr.  a  cauterize, brand 烧灼；烙上标记b (foll. by 后跟 in)  imprint by burning 烙印，烫印 11 tr. & intr.  make or be hot, give or feel a sensation or pain of or like heat; smart or cause to smart (使)发烧(发热；) 有火辣感；(使)感到刺痛 12 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make or be passionate; feel or cause to feel great emotion (使)兴奋；(使)充满炽热的情感  burn with shame  羞愧难当；羞得面红耳赤 13 intr. slang  drive fast [俚语]开快车 14 tr. US slang  anger, infuriate [美] [俚语]生气，使恼怒 15 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) (of acid etc.) gradually penetrate (into) causing disintegration (酸等)腐蚀，侵蚀 ●n.  1  a mark or injury caused by burning 灼痕，烧伤处 2  the ignition of a rocket engine in flight, giving extra thrust (火箭发动机的)飞行中点火(以产生推动力) 3 N. Amer., Austral. & NZ. [北美澳新]  a  the clearing of vegetation by burning 烧荒b  an area so cleared 用火烧过的空地 4 Brit. slang  a cigarette [英] [俚语]香烟 5 Brit. slang  a car race [英] [俚语]汽车赛 □ burn one's boats (or esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] bridges)   commit oneself irrevocably 破釜沉舟；做事不留后路□ burn the candle at both ends   exhaust one's strength or resources by undertaking too much 过分耗费精力；操劳过度□ burn down   1  a  destroy (a building) by burning 将(建筑物)用火焚毁，烧掉b (of a building) be destroyed by fire (建筑物)被火焚为平地(或烧得精光) 2  burn less vigorously as fuel fails (因燃料不足而导致)火势减弱□ burn one's fingers   suffer for meddling or rashness (由于管闲事或行为鲁莽而)吃苦头□ burn a hole in one's pocket  (of money) be quickly spent (钱)被迅速花光□ burn low  (of fire) be nearly out (火)即将熄灭□ burn the midnight oil   read or work late into the night 挑灯夜战；开夜车□ burn out   1  be reduced to nothing by burning 烧得精光，烧光 2  fail or cause to fail by burning (使)烧坏，烧毁 3 (usu. 通常作 refl.)  suffer physical or emotional exhaustion 筋疲力尽；耗尽心思 4  consume the contents of by burning 耗空，烧空 5  make (a person) homeless by burning his or her house (烧毁房屋)使(某人)无家可归□ burn up   1  get rid of by fire 烧掉；焚化 2  begin to blaze 烧旺起来 3 N. Amer. slang  be or make furious [北美] [俚语]大发雷霆；大动肝火 4 colloq.  traverse at high speed [口]高速穿过□ have money to burn   have more money than one needs 钱多得花不完 [Old English birnan, bœrnan, from Germanic]

burn2 /bɜ:n/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a small stream [苏格兰和英格兰北部]小河，溪流 [Old English burna, burn(e), from Germanic]

burner /ˈbɜ:nə/ n.  the part of a gas cooker, lamp, etc. that emits and shapes the flame (煤气炉、灯等的)煤气灶头；灯头 □ on the back (or front) burner  colloq.  receiving little (or much) attention [口]受到极少(或极大)关注

burnet /ˈbɜ:nit/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Sanguisorba (rose family), with globular pinkish flower heads 地榆；(蔷薇科)地榆属植物 2  any of several diurnal moths of the family Zygaenidae, with crimson spots on greenish-black wings 一种日间活动的斑蛾科飞蛾 [obsolete burnet (adj.) ‘dark brown’ from Old French burnete]

burning /ˈbɜ:niŋ/ adj.  1  ardent, intense 热烈的；强烈的  burning desire  强烈的愿望 2  hotly discussed, exciting; vital, urgent 热烈讨论的，激动人心的；极其重要的；紧迫的  burning question  极为重要的问题 3  flagrant 极端恶劣的  burning shame  奇耻大辱 □ burningly  adv.  

burning bush n.  1  any of various shrubs with red fruits or red autumn leaves (秋天长有红果或红叶的)灌木 2  = FRAXINELLA  [with reference to Exod. 3:2]

burning-glass n.  a lens for concentrating the sun's rays on an object to burn it 火镜，凸透镜

burnish /ˈbɜ:niʃ/ v. tr.  polish by rubbing 抛光，打磨使光亮 □ burnisher  n.   [Middle English from Old French burnir = brunir ‘make brown’ from brun BROWN]

burnous /bɜ:ˈnu:s/ n. (US also [美亦] burnoose)  an Arab or Moorish hooded cloak (阿拉伯人或摩尔人穿的)连兜帽的长斗篷 [French, via Arabic burnus from Greek birros ‘cloak’]

burn-out n.  1  physical or emotional exhaustion, esp. caused by stress (尤指因紧张造成的)精疲力竭 2  depression, disillusionment 消沉；幻想破灭

burnt  see 见 BURN1 

burnt ochre n. & adj. (also 亦作 burnt sienna or burnt umber) ●n.  a pigment darkened by burning 煅赭石，烧赭石(一种煅烧后得到的深色颜料) ●adj.  of the colour of any of these pigments 焦赭色的

burnt offering n.  1  an offering burnt on an altar as a sacrifice (在祭坛上焚烧祭神的)燔祭品 2 joc.  overcooked or charred food [诙]烧糊(或烧焦)的食物

burnt-out adj.  physically or emotionally exhausted 精疲力竭的

bur oak n.  a N. American oak, Quercus macrocarpa with large fringed acorn-cups (北美)刺果栎(实大而壳斗杯形，表面流苏状)

burp /bɜ:p/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 intr.  belch 打嗝 2 tr.  make (a baby) belch, usu. by patting its back 使(婴儿)打嗝(通常以拍背的方法) ●n.  a belch 嗝，饱嗝 [imitative]

burpee /ˈbɜ:pi:/ n.  a physical exercise consisting of a squat thrust made from and ending in a standing position 俯卧曲伸腿操(结束时呈立姿) [Royal H. Burpee, US psychologist b. 1897]

burp gun n. US slang  a lightweight sub-machine gun [美] [俚语] (轻便)短冲锋枪

burr /bɜ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a whirring sound 呼呼声b  a rough sounding of the letter r 颤动小舌的 r 音，粗喉音 2 (also 亦作 bur)  a  a rough edge left on cut or punched metal or paper (金属或纸张被切、被钻后留下的)毛边b  a surgeon's or dentist's small drill (外科医生或牙医用的)骨钻；牙钻 3  a  a siliceous rock used for millstones (用作磨石的)硅质岩b  a whetstone 磨石 4  = BUR 1, 2  5  the coronet of a deer's antler (鹿角上的)冠状头饰 ●v.  1 tr.  pronounce with a burr 发浓重的 r 音 2 intr.  speak indistinctly 含混地说 3 intr.  make a whirring sound 发出呼呼声 [variant of BUR]

burrawang /ˈbʌrəwæŋ/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  any palmlike tree of the genus Macrozamia 螺旋大泽米 2  the nut produced by this tree 螺旋大泽米的硬壳果 [Mount Budawang in New South Wales]

burrito /bʌˈri:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling 玉米面卷饼 [Latin American Spanish, diminutive of burro BURRO]

burro /ˈbʌrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US  a small donkey used as a pack animal [尤美] (用于驮货的)小驴 [Spanish]

burrow /ˈbʌrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, esp. a rabbit, as a dwelling (尤指兔子等小动物挖掘的)地洞(或通道) ●v.  1 intr.  make or live in a burrow 挖洞；穴居 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, under, etc.)  make (a hole etc.) by digging 打(洞)，掘(穴等) 3 intr.  hide oneself 躲藏 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  investigate, search 调查，搜查 □ burrower  n.   [Middle English, apparently variant of BOROUGH]

bursa /ˈbɜ:sə/ n. (pl. bursae /-si:/ or bursas) Anat.  a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, esp. one countering friction at a joint 【解】(尤指关节处减小摩擦的)黏液囊，滑囊 □ bursal  adj.   [medieval Latin = bag: see PURSE]

bursar /ˈbɜ:sə/ n.  1  a treasurer, esp. the person in charge of the funds and other property of a college (尤指大学中的)财务主管，司库 2 Brit.  the holder of a bursary [英]奖学金获得者 □ bursarship  n.   [French boursier or (in sense 1) medieval Latin bursarius from bursa ‘bag’: see PURSE]

bursary /ˈbɜ:səri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a grant, esp. a scholarship [英]助学金(尤指奖学金) 2  the post or room of a bursar 财务主管的职位；财务室 □ bursarial  /-ˈsɛəriəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin bursaria (as BURSAR)]

bursitis /bɜ:ˈsaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of a bursa 【医】黏液囊炎；滑囊炎

burst /bɜ:st/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. burst)  1  a intr.  break suddenly and violently apart by expansion of contents or internal pressure 突然破裂；爆炸；胀破；爆破b tr.  cause to do this 使爆炸，使胀破c tr.  cause (a container etc.) to split apart or puncture 使(容器等)破裂(或裂口) 2  a tr.  open forcibly 用力打开b intr.  come open or be opened forcibly 使绽开；猛然被打开 3  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out)  make one's way suddenly, dramatically, or by force 突然(或猛烈)地冲，闯b tr.  break away from or through 从…冲出；挣脱…  the river burst its banks  河堤决口了 4 tr. & intr.  fill or be full to overflowing 充满；溢出 5 intr.  appear or come suddenly 突然出现(或来临)  burst into flame  突然冒出火苗 burst upon the view  突然映入眼帘 sun burst out  太阳喷薄而出 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  suddenly begin to shed or utter (esp. burst into tears or laughter or song 尤指突然大哭、大笑或唱了起来) 突然开始哭(或说)了起来 7 intr.  be as if about to burst because of effort, excitement, etc. (由于努力、激动等)似乎要发作 8 tr.  suffer bursting of 破裂，胀破  burst a blood vessel  突然胀破血管 9 tr.  separate (continuous stationery) into single sheets 将一叠(折子)撕开 ●n.  1  the act of or an instance of bursting; a split 爆破，胀裂；破裂 2  a sudden issuing forth 突然冒出  burst of flame  突然冒出火苗 3  a sudden outbreak 突然爆发；迸发  burst of applause  发出一阵欢呼 4  a  a short sudden effort; a spurt 一股猛冲；冲刺b  a gallop 急驰；奔驰 5  an explosion 爆炸 □ burst out   1  suddenly begin 突然开始  burst out laughing  突然大笑起来 2  exclaim 大叫，叫嚷□ burster  n. (esp. in sense 9 of v. 尤用于动词释义 9)   [Old English berstan, from Germanic]

burstproof /ˈbɜ:s(t)pru:f/ adj. (of a door lock) able to withstand a violent impact (门锁)防冲撞的，撞不开的

burthen archaic var.  of BURDEN [古义] BURDEN 的变体

burton1 /ˈbɜ:t(ə)n/ n.   □ go for a burton  Brit. slang  be lost or destroyed or killed [英] [俚语]失踪；被毁；被杀 [20th c.: perhaps Burton ale from Burton-on-Trent in England]

burton2 /ˈbɜ:t(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 burton-tackle)  a light two-block tackle for hoisting (提升用)复轮车；滑车(组) [Middle English Breton tackles: see BRETON]

Burundi   布隆迪

Burundian /buˈrundiən/ adj. & n.  布隆迪的(人)

bur walnut n.  walnut wood containing knots, used as a veneer 带结节的胡桃木(用作饰面)

bury /ˈberi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  place (a dead body) in the earth, in a tomb, or in the sea 将(尸体)埋葬，举行海葬 2  lose by death 丧，失去  has buried three husbands  曾三度丧夫 3  a  put under ground 掩埋  bury alive  活埋b  hide (treasure, a bone, etc.) in the earth 将(财宝、骨头等)埋藏在地下c  cover up; submerge 覆盖；使沉浸 4  a  put out of sight 遮住  buried his face in his hands  他双手掩面b  consign to obscurity 使湮没；屏弃  the idea was buried after brief discussion  经过简短讨论，这个想法被放弃了c  put away; forget 抛开；遗忘 5  involve deeply 深深陷入  buried himself in his work  埋头工作 was buried in a book  埋头看书 □ bury the hatchet   cease to quarrel 息兵，议和；言归于好□ bury one's head in the sand   ignore unpleasant realities, refuse to face facts 逃避现实；采取鸵鸟政策 [Old English byrgan, from West Germanic: related to BURIAL]

burying beetle n.  a sexton beetle 埋葬虫

burying ground n. (also 亦作 burying place)  a cemetery 墓地，葬地

bus /bʌs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. buses or US [美] busses)  1  a large passenger vehicle, esp. one serving the public on a fixed route (尤指固定线路的)公共汽车 2 colloq.  a motor car, aeroplane, etc. [口]汽车(飞机等) 3 Computing  a defined set of conductors carrying data and control signals within a computer 【计算】(计算机中传送数据、控制信号的)总线 ●v. (buses or busses, bussed, bussing)  1 intr.  go by bus 乘公共汽车 2 tr. esp. N. Amer.  transport by bus, esp. to promote racial integration [尤北美]用公共汽车运送(尤以促进种族融合) 3 tr. N. Amer. [北美]  a  carry or clear away (dishes etc.) in a cafeteria (在自助餐厅里)端走(或收拾)盘(碟等)b  clear (a cafeteria table) of dishes 清理(自助餐馆桌上的)盘碟 [abbreviation of OMNIBUS]

busbar /ˈbʌsbɑ:/ n. Electr.  a system of conductors in a generating or receiving station on which power is concentrated for distribution 【电】母线，汇流排，汇流条

busboy /ˈbʌsbɔi/ n. N. Amer.  a person who clears tables etc. in a cafeteria [北美] (清理桌子等的)餐厅侍者

busby /ˈbʌzbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (not in official use) a tall fur hat worn by hussars etc. (非正式用语) (轻骑兵等戴的)毛皮高顶帽 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bush1 /bʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length 灌木；灌(木)丛 2  a thing resembling this, esp. a clump of hair or fur 类似灌木之物(尤指蓬乱的头发或毛茸的皮毛) 3 (esp. in Australia and Africa) a wild uncultivated district; woodland or forest (尤在澳大利亚和非洲)未开发的荒野地区；林地；森林 4 hist.  a bunch of ivy as a vintner's sign [史义] (作为酒店标记的)常春藤枝 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  spread like a bush 灌木丛般地生长 □ go bush  Austral.  leave one's usual surroundings; run wild [澳]离开原来的生活环境；过野蛮生活 [Middle English from Old English & Old Norse, ultimately from Germanic]

bush2 /bʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a metal lining for a round hole enclosing a revolving shaft etc. (包住滚轴等的)衬套；轴衬，轴瓦 2  a sleeve providing electrical insulation (绝缘)套管 ●v. tr.  provide with a bush 加衬套(套管)于 [Middle Dutch busse BOX1]

bushbaby /ˈbʊʃbeibi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small nocturnal tree-dwelling African primate of the family Lorisidae, with very large eyes Also called 亦称作 GALAGO 灌丛婴猴(非洲的一种懒猴科的大眼猴)

bush basil n.  a culinary herb, Ocimum minimum 小矮糠

bushbuck /ˈbʊʃbʌk/ n.  a small antelope, Tragelaphus scriptus, of southern Africa, having a chestnut coat with white stripes 南非林羚 [BUSH1 + BUCK1, influenced by Dutch boschbok]

bushed /bʊʃt/ adj. colloq. [口]  1 Austral. & NZ [澳新]  a  lost in the bush 迷失在灌木丛带的b  bewildered 不知所措的 2  tired out 疲惫不堪的

bushel /ˈbʊʃ(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a measure of capacity equal to 8 gallons and equivalent to 36.4 litres, used for corn, fruit, liquids, etc. [英]蒲式耳(谷物、水果、液体等的计量单位，等于 8 加仑， 36.4 升) 2 US  a measure of capacity equal to 64 US pints, used for dry goods [美]蒲式耳(干货类的计量单位，美国等于 64 品脱) □ hide one's light under a bushel   see 见 HIDE1 □ bushelful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old French buissiel etc., perhaps of Gaulish origin]

bushfire /ˈbʊʃfaiə/ n.  a fire in a forest or in scrub, often spreading widely 林区(密灌林)大火

bushido /ˈbu:ʃidəʊ, bʊˈʃi:dəʊ/ n.  the code of honour and morals evolved by the Japanese samurai (日本的)武士道 [Japanese, from bushi ‘samurai’ + dō ‘way’]

bushing /ˈbʊʃiŋ/ n.  = BUSH2n. 

bush jacket n.  a light cotton jacket with a belt 丛林夹克衫(一种带腰带的轻便棉布夹克衫)

bush lawyer n.  1 Austral. & NZ  a person claiming legal knowledge without qualifications for it [澳新]自以为懂法律(而无资格证明)的人 2 NZ  a bramble [新]有刺灌木；荆棘

bush league n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  a minor league of a professional sport 第二流的球队(或组织) ●attrib. adj. (作 bush-league) colloq.  inferior, minor, unsophisticated [口]第二流的，次要的，平庸的 □ bush-leaguer  n.  

bushman /ˈbʊʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who lives or travels in the Australian bush 在澳大利亚丛林中生活(或旅行)的人 2 (作 Bushman)  a  a member of an aboriginal people in S. Africa (南非的)布须曼人b  the language of this people 布须曼语 [BUSH1 + MAN: sense 2 influenced by Dutch boschjesman]

bushmaster /ˈbʊʃmɑ:stə/ n.  a venomous viper, Lachesis muta, of Central and S. America 巨蝮(中南美洲的一种大毒蛇) [perhaps from Dutch boschmeester]

bushranger /ˈbʊʃrein(d)ʒə/ n. hist.  an Australian outlaw living in the bush [史义] (澳大利亚)藏匿在灌木丛地带的逃犯(或土匪)

bush sickness n.  a disease of animals due to a lack of cobalt in the soil 丛林病(因土壤缺钴所致)

bush telegraph n.  a rapid informal spreading of information, a rumour, etc.; the network by which this takes place 小道消息(谣言等)的迅速传播；流言传播的途径

bushveld /ˈbʊʃfelt, -velt/ n.  open country consisting largely of bush 灌木丛生地带 [BUSH1 + VELD, influenced by Afrikaans bosveld]

bushwhack /ˈbʊʃwæk/ v.  1 intr. US, Austral. & NZ. [美澳新]  a  clear woods and bush country 在(丛)林中开路b  live or travel in bush country 在丛林中生活(或旅行) 2 tr. US  ambush [美]伏击

bushwhacker /ˈbʊʃwækə/ n.  1 N. Amer., Austral. & NZ. [北美澳新]  a  a person who clears woods and bush country 清除林木(灌木丛)的人b  a person who lives or travels in bush country 在丛林中生活(或旅行)的人 2 US  a guerrilla fighter (originally in the American Civil War) [美]游击战士(源自美国南北战争)

bushy1 /ˈbʊʃi/ adj. (bushier, bushiest)  1  growing thickly like a bush 丛林般茂密的 2  having many bushes 多灌木的 3  covered with bush 长满灌木的 □ bushily  adv.  □ bushiness  n.  

bushy2 /ˈbʊʃi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  a person who lives in the bush (as distinct from in a town) 丛林居民；乡下人(有别于城里人)

busily  see 见 BUSY 

business /ˈbiznis/ n.  1  one's regular occupation, profession, or trade 日常工作；职业；生意 2  a thing that is one's concern 关注的事情 3  a  a task or duty 任务；职责b  a reason for coming (来的)理由  what is your business?  你来有什么事？ 4  serious work or activity 正事；要务  get down to business  开始干正事；言归正传 5 derog. [贬]  a  an affair, a matter 事情，事务  sick of the whole business  整件事都很讨厌b Brit.  a structure [英]结构  a lath-and-plaster business  板条抹灰结构 6  a thing or series of things needing to be dealt with 需要处理的问题  the business of the day  日程 7  buying and selling; trade 买卖；生意  good stroke of business  一笔好买卖；赚钱的买卖 8  a commercial house or firm 工商企业；商行；公司 9 Theatr.  action on stage 【戏】(舞台)动作 10  a difficult matter 难办的事情  what a business it is!  多麻烦的事啊！ made a great business of it  这件事很棘手 11 (the business) colloq.  exactly what is required; an exemplary person or thing [口]所需要的东西；榜样 □ has no business to   has no right to 无权做…□ in business   1  trading or dealing 经商；经营 2  able to begin operations 开始运作□ in the business of   1  engaged in 从事…的买卖；做…生意 2  intending to 打算  we are not in the business of surrendering  我们没打算投降□ like nobody's business  colloq.  extraordinarily [口]非同寻常□ make it one's business to   undertake to 负责做…□ mind one's own business   not meddle 管好自己的事，少管闲事□ on business   with a definite purpose, esp. one relating to one's regular occupation (尤指与某人的正常工作有关)因公；因事□ send a person about his or her business   dismiss a person; send a person away 开除某人；把某人打发走 [Old English bisignis (as BUSY, -NESS)]

business card n.  a card printed with one's name and professional details 商业名片

business end n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the functional part of a tool or device [口] (工具或装备)发挥效用的部分；锐利的一端

businesslike /ˈbiznislaik/ adj.  efficient, systematic, practical 效率高的；有条不紊的；讲究实际的

businessman /ˈbiznismən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. businesswoman, pl. -women)  a person engaged in trade or commerce, esp. at a senior level (see also 另见 BUSINESS PERSON) (尤指高层次的)商人

business park n.  an area designed to accommodate businesses and light industry 商业园区

business person n.  a businessman or businesswoman 商人

business studies n. pl.  training in economics, management, etc. 商业经济(企业管理等)研究

businesswoman  see 见 BUSINESSMAN 

busk /bʌsk/ v. intr.  perform (esp. music) for voluntary donations, usu. in the street or in subways (通常在街上或在地铁)卖艺(尤指演奏乐曲) □ busker  n.  □ busking  n.   [busk peddle etc. (perhaps from obsolete French busquer ‘seek’)]

buskin /ˈbʌskin/ n.  1  a thick-soled laced boot worn by an ancient Athenian tragic actor to gain height (古雅典悲剧演员用于增高穿的)厚底高靴 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  tragic drama; its style or spirit 悲剧；悲剧风格(或精神) 3 hist.  a calf- or knee-high boot of cloth or leather worn in the Middle Ages [史义] (中世纪人们穿的)高统布靴(或皮靴) □ buskined  adj.   [probably from Old French bouzequin, variant of bro(u)sequin, of unknown origin]

bus lane n.  a lane on a road marked off for use by buses 公共汽车车道

busman /ˈbʌsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the driver of a bus 公共汽车驾驶员

busman's holiday n.  leisure time spent in an activity similar to one's regular work 歇不着的例假日，照常工作的节假日

buss /bʌs/ n. & v. archaic or N. Amer. colloq. [古义] [北美口] ●n.  a kiss 亲吻 ●v. tr.  kiss 接吻 [earlier bass (n. & v.) : probably from French baiser from Latin basiare]

bus shelter n.  a shelter from rain etc. beside a bus stop (为遮风雨等的)公共汽车候车亭

bus station n.  a centre, esp. in a town, where (esp. long-distance) buses depart and arrive (尤指城镇长途)汽车总站

bus stop n.  1  a regular stopping place of a bus 公共汽车(总)站 2  a sign marking this 公共汽车站牌

bust1 /bʌst/ n.  1  a  the human chest, esp. that of a woman; the bosom (尤指女人的)乳房，胸部；胸脯b  the circumference of the body at bust level 胸围  a 36-inch bust  胸围 36 英寸c  the part of a woman's garment fitting over the bust (女性衣服的)前胸 2  a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest 半身雕像 [French buste from Italian busto, of unknown origin]

bust2 /bʌst/ v., n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●v. (past and past part. busted or bust)  1 tr. & intr.  break, burst 打破；爆裂 2 tr. esp. US  reduce (a soldier etc.) to a lower rank; dismiss [尤美]使(士兵等)降职；开除 3 tr. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  raid, search 突袭；搜查b  arrest 拘捕 ●n.  1  a sudden failure; a bankruptcy 突然失败；破产 2  a police raid 警方突袭 3  a drinking bout 痛饮；酒宴 4 esp. N. Amer.  a punch; a hit [尤北美]拳打；重击 5  a worthless thing 无价值之物 6  a bad hand at cards (手中)一副坏牌 ●adj. (also 亦作 busted)  1  broken, burst, collapsed 破碎的，爆裂的；坍塌的 2  bankrupt 破产的 □ bust up   1  bring or come to collapse; explode (使)崩溃；爆裂 2 (of esp. a married couple) separate (尤指婚姻)破裂□ go bust   become bankrupt; fail 破产；失败 [originally a (dialect) pronunciation of BURST]

bustard /ˈbʌstəd/ n.  any large terrestrial bird of the family Otididae, with long neck, long legs, and stout tapering body 鸨(一种长颈、长腿、体大的陆地鸟) [Middle English via Old French bistarde from Latin avis tarda ‘slow bird’ (? = slow on the ground; but possibly a perversion of a foreign word)]

bustee /ˈbʌsti:/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) a shanty town; a slum (印度次大陆的)棚户区；贫民窟 [Hindustani bastī ‘dwelling’]

buster /ˈbʌstə/ n.  1 slang  mate; fellow (used esp. as a disrespectful form of address) [俚语]伙计；老兄(尤用于不客气的称呼) 2  a violent gale 强劲的大风

bustier /ˈbʌstiei, ˈbʊst-/ n.  a woman's strapless close-fitting bodice 女子无吊带紧身胸衣 [French]

bustle1 /ˈbʌs(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  work etc. showily, energetically, and officiously (工作等)忙碌，奔忙b  scurry 小步疾跑  bustled about the kitchen banging saucepans  在厨房里忙得团团转，碰得锅碗直响 2 tr.  make (a person) hurry or work hard 催促(某人)；使忙碌  bustled him into his overcoat  催促他穿上外套 3 intr. (as 作 bustling adj.) colloq.  full of activity [口]到处是繁忙景象的 ●n.  excited activity; a fuss 热闹的活动；忙乱 [perhaps from buskle frequentative of busk ‘prepare’, from Old Norse]

bustle2 /ˈbʌs(ə)l/ n. hist.  a pad or frame worn under a skirt and puffing it out behind [史义] (用于鼓起女裙后部的)衬垫；裙撑 [18th c.: origin unknown]

bust-up n.  1  a quarrel 争吵 2  a collapse; an explosion 崩溃；爆裂；破裂

busty /ˈbʌsti/ adj. (bustier, bustiest) (of a woman) having a prominent bosom (女性)胸部丰满的 □ bustiness  n.  

busy /ˈbizi/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (busier, busiest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with, at, or pres. part.)  occupied or engaged in work etc. with the attention concentrated (工作等)忙碌的；忙着干…的；正专心于…的  busy at their needlework  忙着做针线活儿 he was busy packing  他正忙着收拾行装 2  full of activity or detail; fussy 繁忙的；杂乱的；忙乱的  a busy evening  繁忙的夜晚 a picture busy with detail  一副图案杂乱的画 3  employed continuously; unresting 不停干活的；不得空闲的  busy as a bee  忙个不停 4  meddlesome; prying 爱管闲事的；刺探(他人隐私)的 5 esp. N. Amer. (of a telephone line) engaged [尤北美] (电话线)占线的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often 常作 refl.)  keep busy; occupy 使忙于，使忙碌  the work busied him for many hours  那项工作让他忙了好几个小时 busied herself with the accounts  忙于账目 ●n. (pl. -ies) slang  a detective; a police officer [俚语]侦探；警官 □ busily  /ˈbizili/ adv.  □ busyness  /ˈbizinis/ n. (cf. 参见 BUSINESS)   [Old English bisig]

busybody /ˈbizibɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a meddlesome person 爱管闲事的人 2  a mischief-maker 搬弄是非的人

busy Lizzie /ˈlizi/ n. Brit.  an E. African plant, Impatiens walleriana, with abundant red, pink, or white flowers, often grown as a bedding plant or house plant [英]凤仙花

but1 /bʌt, bət/ conj., prep., adv., pron., n. & v. ●conj.  1  a  nevertheless, however 但是，然而  tried hard but did not succeed  努力了但未成功 I am old, but I am not weak  我年纪虽然大了，但体力不弱b  on the other hand; on the contrary 另一方面；正相反  I am old but you are young  我老了，相反，你却很年轻 2 (prec. by 前接 can etc.; in neg. or interrog. 用于否定句或疑问句)  except, other than, otherwise than 除了；不同于；否则  cannot choose but do it  除了干，别无选择 what could we do but run?  除了逃跑，我们还能做什么？ 3  without the result that 而不产生…的结果  it never rains but it pours  不雨则已，一雨倾盆 4  prefixing an interruption to the speaker's train of thought 用在打断说话人思路之前  the weather is ideal - but is that a cloud on the horizon?  天气是不错，但天边是不是有一片乌云？ ●prep.  except; apart from; other than 除…之外；此外；不同于  everyone went but me  除我之外，大家都去 nothing but trouble  只有麻烦 ●adv.  1  only; no more than; only just 只；才；仅仅  we can but try  我们只能试试 is but a child  只不过是个孩子 had but arrived  刚刚到 did it but once  仅做过一次 2  introducing emphatic repetition; definitely (用于强调重复)肯定地  wanted to see nobody, but nobody  不想见任何人，任何人都不想见 3 Austral., NZ & Sc.  though, however [澳新和苏格兰]可是，不过  didn't like it, but  不喜欢它，但是… ●rel. pron.  who not; that not 无人不；没物不  there is not a man but feels pity  没有人不觉得可惜 ●n.  an objection 但是(表示反对)  ifs and buts  如果和但是 ●v. tr. (in phr. 用于短语 but me no buts)  do not raise objections 不要跟我争辩(或推脱)；别总是对我说“但是，但是” □ but for   without the help or hindrance etc. of 如果没有(帮助或障碍等)；要不是  but for you I'd be rich by now  要不是因为你，我早就成有钱人了□ but one (or two etc.)   excluding one (or two etc.) from the number 排除一个(或两个等)  next door but one  隔壁的隔壁 last but one  倒数第二□ but that  (prec. by neg. 前接否定词)  that 那个  I don't deny but that it's true  我不否认那件事的真实性□ but that (or colloq. [口] what)   other than that; except that 不同于；要不是  who knows but that it is true?  要不是那是真的谁知道呢？□ but then (or yet)   however, on the other hand 但是，然而；另一方面  I won, but then the others were beginners  我赢了，不过其他人都是初学者 [Old English be-ūtan, būtan, būta ‘outside, without’]

but2 /bʌt/ n. Sc.  an outer room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage [苏格兰] (尤指仅有两个房间的房舍的)外室 □ but and ben   a two-roomed cottage; a humble home (see 见 BEN2) (仅有两个房间的)房舍；寒舍，陋室 [BUT1 = outside]

butadiene /bju:təˈdaii:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless gaseous hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H6 【化】丁二烯(一种无色气体，用于制造合成橡胶) [BUTANE + DI-1 + -ENE: cf. BUNA]

butane /ˈbju:tein/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in liquefied form as fuel Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H10 【化】丁烷 [BUTYL + -ANE2]

butch /bʊtʃ/ adj. & n. slang [俚语] ●adj.  masculine; tough-looking 男子气的；粗壮的 ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a mannish woman 男人似的女人b  a mannish lesbian 充当男人的女同性恋者 2  a tough, usu. muscular, youth or man (通常指精力充沛的)壮汉，粗壮的男孩 [perhaps abbreviation of BUTCHER]

butcher /ˈbʊtʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person whose trade is dealing in meat 肉商，肉贩b  a person who slaughters animals for food 屠夫 2  a person who kills or has people killed indiscriminately or brutally 残酷的人；刽子手 ●v. tr.  1  slaughter or cut up (an animal) for food 屠宰，屠杀(牲畜) 2  kill (people) wantonly or cruelly 屠杀，残杀(人) 3  ruin (esp. a job or a musical composition) through incompetence (因不胜任而)毁坏，糟蹋(尤指工作或音乐作品) □ the butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker   people of all kinds or trades 各行各业的人□ butcher's  Brit. rhyming slang  a look [英] [同韵俚语]瞧，看  short for 全形 butcher's hook  [Middle English from Old French bo(u)chier from boc BUCK1]

butcher-bird n.  1  a shrike (family Laniidae) (伯劳科)屠夫鸟 2  a similar bird of the Australasian family Cracticidae 一种钟鹊科鸟 [from its habit of impaling its prey on thorns]

butcher's broom n.  a low evergreen shrub, Ruscus aculeatus (lily family), with stiff flat shoots resembling spine-tipped leaves 假叶树(一种低矮的百合科灌木，其小枝扁平呈叶状)

butcher's meat n. Brit. [英] (also 亦作 butcher meat)  slaughtered fresh meat excluding game, poultry, and bacon (家畜屠杀后的)鲜肉

butchery /ˈbʊtʃəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wanton or cruel slaughter (of people) 大屠杀，残杀(人) 2  the butcher's trade 屠宰业；卖肉行业 3 Brit.  a slaughterhouse [英]屠宰场 [Middle English from Old French boucherie (as BUTCHER)]

butle var.  of BUTTLE  BUTTLE 的变体

butler /ˈbʌtlə/ n.  the principal servant of a household, usu. a man, in charge of the wine cellar, pantry, etc. 男管家(通常负责管理酒窖、食品储藏室等) [Middle English, from Anglo-French buteler, Old French bouteillier ‘cup-bearer’, from bouteille BOTTLE]

butt1 /bʌt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  push with the head or horns 用头(或角)顶撞，冲撞 2  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, upon)  touch with one end flat, meet end to end, abut 平接；对头连接；毗连b tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  place (timber etc.) with the end flat against a wall etc. 将(原木等的平头)靠着墙 ●n.  1  a push with the head 用头顶撞 2  a join of two edges (两端的)连接 □ butt in   interrupt, meddle 插嘴；插手；干涉□ butt out  slang [俚语]  1 esp. N. Amer.  stop interfering [尤北美]停止干涉；停止插手 2 N. Amer.  stop doing something [北美]停止做某事 [Middle English via Anglo-French buter, Old French boter from Germanic: influenced by BUTT2 and ABUT]

butt2 /bʌt/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an object (of ridicule etc.) (嘲弄等的)对象；笑柄  the butt of his jokes  他开玩笑的对象 made him their butt  他们拿他开玩笑 2  a  a mound behind a target 靶垛b (in pl. 用复数)  a shooting range 靶场c  a target 靶；目标 3  a grouse-shooter's stand screened by low turf or a stone wall (射松鸡等的)隐蔽处 [Middle English from Old French but ‘goal’, of unknown origin]

butt3 /bʌt/ n.  1 (also 亦作 butt-end)  the thicker end, esp. of a tool or a weapon (尤指工具或武器)粗大的一头  gun butt  枪托 2 (also 亦作 butt-end)  a  the stub of a cigar or a cigarette (香烟的)烟蒂b  the remaining part 残端 3 esp. N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [尤北美] [俚语]屁股 4 (also 亦作 butt-end)  the square end of a plank meeting a similar end (木板末端的)方形对接处 5  the trunk of a tree, esp. the part just above the ground (尤指露出地面的)树桩 [Dutch bot ‘stumpy’]

butt4 /bʌt/ n.  a cask, esp. as a measure of wine or ale 巴特(一种盛酒的大桶，尤用作酒或浓啤酒的计量单位) [Anglo-Latin butta, bota, Anglo-French but, from Old French bo(u)t from Late Latin buttis]

butt5 /bʌt/ n.  a flatfish (e.g. a sole, plaice, or turbot) 比目鱼(如鳎、鲽或鲆鱼) [Middle Low German, Middle Dutch but ‘flatfish’]

butte /bju:t/ n. N. Amer.  a high isolated steep-sided hill [北美]地垛，孤峰 [French, = mound]

butter /ˈbʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream and used as a spread or in cooking 黄油，奶油b  a substance of a similar consistency or appearance 黄油状食品  peanut butter  花生酱 2  excessive flattery 奉承，献媚 ●v. tr.  spread, cook, or serve with butter 将黄油涂抹于，用黄油烹调；用黄油  butter the bread  在面包上抹黄油 buttered carrots  胡萝卜拌黄油 □ butter up  colloq.  flatter excessively [口]讨好，巴结□ look as if butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth   seem demure or innocent, probably deceptively 假装天真无邪，看起来老老实实 [Old English butere via Latin butyrum from Greek bouturon]

butter-and-eggs n.  any of several plants having two shades of yellow in the flower, esp. yellow toadflax (尤指黄色)柳穿鱼(一种开黄花或橙色花的植物)

butterball /ˈbʌtəbɔ:l/ n.  1  a piece of butter shaped into a ball 黄油球 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = BUFFLEHEAD  3 N. Amer. slang  a plump person or animal [北美] [俚语]胖人(或肥胖的动物)

butter-bean n.  1  a flat, dried, white lima bean 利马豆 2  a yellow-podded bean 黄色去荚豆

butterbur /ˈbʌtəbɜ:/ n.  a waterside plant of the genus Petasites (daisy family) with pale purple flowers and large soft leaves formerly used to wrap butter (雏菊科)蜂斗叶属植物

butter-cream n.  a mixture of butter, icing sugar, etc. used as a filling or a topping for a cake 奶油冰淇淋(奶油加糖粉等搅打而成)

buttercup /ˈbʌtəkʌp/ n.  a plant of the genus Ranunculus (family Ranunculaceae), having bright yellow cup-shaped flowers and common in grassland (毛茛科毛茛属)毛茛(生于草地，开杯形黄花)

butterfat /ˈbʌtəfæt/ n.  the essential fats of pure butter 乳脂

butter-fingers n. colloq.  a clumsy person prone to drop things [口]笨手笨脚的人；常拿不住东西的人

butterfish /ˈbʌtəfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = GUNNEL1 

butterfly /ˈbʌtəflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any insect of the order Lepidoptera which typically flies by day and has clubbed or dilated antennae and two pairs of usu. brightly coloured wings held erect when at rest (鳞翅目)蝴蝶(通常翅膀彩色) 2  a showy or frivolous person 炫耀轻浮的人 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a nervous sensation felt in the stomach [口]空腹感，呕吐感 4 (in full 全称 butterfly stroke)  a stroke in swimming, with both arms raised out of the water and lifted forwards together 蝶泳 [Old English buttor-flēoge (as BUTTER, FLY2) : perhaps from the cream or yellow colour of common species, or from an old belief that the insects stole butter]

butterfly bush n.  a buddleia, esp. Buddleia davidii 醉鱼草属植物(尤指大叶醉鱼草)

butterfly fish n.  a fish resembling a butterfly in shape or colour, esp. Blennius ocellatus, which has a broad dorsal fin with eye-spots, or any brightly coloured fish of the family Chaetodontidae 蝴蝶鱼(体形、颜色类似蝴蝶的鱼类，尤指斑鳍鲽鱼)

butterfly net n.  a fine net on a ring attached to a pole, used for catching butterflies 捕蝴蝶(虫)网

butterfly nut n.  a kind of wing nut 蝶形螺帽

butterfly stroke  see 见 BUTTERFLY 4 

butterfly valve n.  a valve with hinged semicircular plates 蝶形阀，双瓣阀

butter-icing n.  = BUTTER-CREAM 

butter knife n.  a blunt knife used for cutting butter at table 涂黄油用刀

buttermilk /ˈbʌtəmilk/ n.  a slightly acid liquid left after churning butter 酪乳(脱脂后的微酸液体)

butter muslin n. Brit.  a thin, loosely woven cloth with a fine mesh, originally for wrapping butter [英]奶油包布(原用于包裹黄油)

butternut /ˈbʌtənʌt/ n.  1  a N. American tree, Juglans cinerea 灰胡桃树 2  the oily nut of this tree 灰胡桃果

butterscotch /ˈbʌtəskɒtʃ/ n.  a brittle sweet made from butter, brown sugar, etc. (用黄油、红糖等熬成的)黄油硬糖 [SCOTCH]

butterwort /ˈbʌtəwɜ:t/ n.  a bog plant of the genus Pinguicula, esp. P. vulgaris, with violet-like flowers and sticky fleshy leaves that trap and digest small insects 捕虫堇属植物(尤指捕虫堇)

buttery1 /ˈbʌt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a room, esp. in a college, where provisions are kept and sold to students etc. [英] (尤指大学里储存并向学生等出售食品的)饮食服务部 [Middle English from Anglo-French boterie ‘butt-store’ (as BUTT4)]

buttery2 /ˈbʌt(ə)ri/ adj.  like, containing, or spread with butter 似黄油的；含黄油的；涂过黄油的 □ butteriness  n.  

buttie var.  of BUTTY2  BUTTY2 的变体

buttle /ˈbʌt(ə)l/ v. intr. (also 亦作 butle) joc.  work as a butler [诙]当男管家 [back-formation from BUTLER]

buttock /ˈbʌtək/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  either of the two fleshy protuberances on the lower rear part of the human body (人的)臀部的半边；半边屁股 2  the corresponding part of an animal (动物的)臀尾部 [butt ‘ridge’ + -OCK]

button /ˈbʌt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small disc or knob sewn on to a garment, either to fasten it by being pushed through a buttonhole, or as an ornament or badge 纽扣 2  a knob on a piece of electrical, electronic, etc., equipment which is pressed to operate it (电器、电子设备等的)按钮开关 3  a  a small disc-shaped object 扁圆的小物品  chocolate buttons  巧克力小球b (作 attrib.)  anything resembling a button 纽扣状物  button nose  扁而圆的小鼻子 4  a  a bud 花苞b  a button mushroom 未张开的蘑菇 5 Fencing  a terminal knob on a foil making it harmless 【击剑】(花剑的)剑头防护帽 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  = button up 1  2 tr.  supply with buttons 用纽扣扣住 □ buttoned up  colloq. [口]  1  formal and inhibited in manner (行为举止)正式的，拘谨的 2  silent 沉默寡言的□ button one's lip  slang  remain silent [俚语]默不作声；闭口不谈□ button up   1  fasten with buttons 扣上纽扣 2 colloq.  complete (a task etc.) satisfactorily [口]顺利完成(任务等) 3 colloq.  become silent [口]不吭声；住嘴；守口如瓶□ not worth a button  Brit.  worthless [英]一文不值；毫无价值□ on the button  esp. N. Amer. slang  precisely [尤北美] [俚语]精确地；正好□ buttoned  adj.  □ buttonless  adj.  □ buttony  adj.   [Middle English from Old French bouton, ultimately from Germanic]

button-back n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a chair or sofa with a quilted back, the stitching hidden by buttons (靠背用暗扣的)布罩坐椅(沙发)

buttonball tree /ˈbʌt(ə)nbɔ:l/ n.  the N. American plane tree, Platanus occidentalis (北美)梧桐树

button chrysanthemum n.  a variety of chrysanthemum with small spherical flowers 一种庭园栽培的菊花(由无数球状花序纽成繁密的花簇)

button-down attrib. adj.  applied to a collar whose points are buttoned to the shirt 领尖钉有纽扣的

buttonhole /ˈbʌt(ə)nhəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slit made in a garment to receive a button for fastening 纽扣孔；扣眼 2 Brit.  a flower or spray worn in a lapel buttonhole [英] (上衣翻领的)纽扣孔上佩带的花(或小花枝) ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  accost and detain (a reluctant listener) [口]强留(人勉强)谈(或听) 2  make buttonholes in 在…上开扣眼

buttonhole stitch n.  a looped stitch used for edging buttonholes 纽扣针迹；圈针迹

buttonhook /ˈbʌt(ə)nhʊk/ n.  a hook formerly used esp. for pulling the buttons on tight boots into place for fastening 纽扣钩(旧时尤指牵引紧脚靴子上的纽扣穿过纽扣孔的钩)

button mushroom n.  a young unopened mushroom 未长开的小蘑菇

buttons /ˈbʌt(ə)nz/ n. Brit. colloq.  a liveried page-boy [英口]穿制服的侍者(招待) [from the rows of buttons on his jacket]

button-through adj. Brit. (of a dress) fastened with buttons from neck to hem like a coat [英] (衣服)从上到下都有纽扣的

buttonwood tree /ˈbʌt(ə)nwʊd/ n.  = BUTTONBALL TREE 

buttress /ˈbʌtris/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a projecting support of stone or brick etc. built against a wall (石或砖等的)扶壁，扶垛b  a source of help or encouragement 支柱；支持力量  she was a buttress to him in his trouble  在他遇到麻烦时，她是他的支柱 2  a projecting portion of a hill or mountain 山边扶壁状突出的部分 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  support with a buttress 以扶壁支持 2  support by argument etc. (用论点等)支持  claim buttressed by facts  要求以事实为依据 [Middle English via Old French (ars) bouterez ‘thrusting (arch)’ from bouteret, from bouter BUTT1]

butt weld n.  a weld in which the pieces are joined end to end 对接焊

butty1 /ˈbʌti/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq. or dial.  a mate; a companion [口] [方]伙伴儿，同伴 2 hist.  a middleman negotiating between a mine owner and the miners [史义] (在矿主与矿工之间调停的)中间人；包工头 3  a barge or other craft towed by another (由另一艘船)拖着的驳船(或船只) [18th c.: perhaps from BOOTY in the phrase play booty ‘join in sharing plunder’]

butty2 /ˈbʌti/ n. (also 亦作 buttie) (pl. -ies) N. Engl. [英格兰北部]  1  a sandwich 三明治  bacon butty  咸肉三明治 2  a slice of bread and butter 涂黄油的面包片 [BUTTER + -Y2]

butty-gang n.  a gang of men contracted to work on a large job and sharing the profits equally (分包活计并分享利润的)承包团体

butyl /ˈbju:tail, -til/ n.  1 Chem.  the monovalent alkyl radical C4H9- 【化】丁基 2 colloq.  butyl rubber [口]丁基橡胶 [BUTYRIC ACID + -YL]

butyl rubber n.  a synthetic rubber used in the manufacture of tyre inner tubes and pond liners 丁基橡胶；异丁(烯)橡胶

butyric acid /bju:ˈtirik/ n. Chem.  either of two colourless syrupy liquid organic acids found in rancid butter and arnica oil 【化】丁酸 □ butyrate  /ˈbju:tireit/ n.   [Latin butyrum BUTTER + -IC]

buxom /ˈbʌks(ə)m/ adj. (esp. of a woman) plump and healthy-looking; large and shapely; busty (尤指女子)健美而丰满的；胸脯突出的；乳房丰满的 □ buxomness  n.   [earlier sense pliant: Middle English, from stem of Old English būgan BOW2 + -SOME1]

buy /bai/ v. & n. ●v. (buys, buying; past and past part. bought /bɔ:t/)  1 tr.  a  obtain in exchange for money etc. (用钱等)购买b (often in neg. 常用于否定句)  serve to obtain 用作获取…的方法  money can't buy happiness  金钱买不到幸福 2 tr.  a  procure (the loyalty etc.) of a person by bribery, promises, etc. (用贿赂、诺言等)赢得(忠诚等)b  win over (a person) in this way 贿赂(某人) 3 tr.  get by sacrifice, great effort, etc. (做出牺牲、巨大努力等)获得  dearly bought  付出昂贵代价 bought with our sweat  用血汗换取 4 tr. slang  accept, believe in, approve of [俚语]接受；相信；赞同  it's a good scheme, I'll buy it  这个方案不错，我接受了 he bought it, he's so gullible  他竟然相信了，他太轻信了 5 absol.  be a buyer for a store etc. [含宾]买下(存货等)  buys for Selfridges  为塞尔弗里奇家买下 are you buying or selling?  你是买还是卖？ ●n. colloq.  a purchase [口]购买  that sofa was a good buy  那个沙发买得合算 □ buy in   1  buy a stock of 大量买进 2  withdraw (an item) at auction because of failure to reach the reserve price (在拍卖中因未达到原定价格而)买回(拍卖物)□ buy into   obtain a share in (an enterprise) by payment 买入(某企业的)股票□ buy it  (usu. in past 通常用于过去式) slang  be killed [俚语]被杀□ buy off   get rid of (a claim, a claimant, a blackmailer) by payment 花钱摆脱(索款、索偿者、敲诈勒索者)□ buy oneself out   obtain one's release (esp. from the armed services) by payment 出钱获得解脱(尤指免服兵役)□ buy out   pay (a person) to give up an ownership, interest, etc. 出钱使(某人)放弃所有权(利益等)□ buy over   bribe 贿赂，收买□ buy time   delay an event, conclusion, etc., temporarily (拖延事件、结论等以)赢得时间□ buy up   1  buy as much as possible of 尽量买进 2  absorb (another firm etc.) by purchase 把(另一个公司等)买下，收购 [Old English bycgan, from Germanic]

buy-back n.  the buying-back or repurchase of goods, shares, etc., often by contractual agreement (根据协议将自己的产品或股份)回买 often 常作 attrib.: buy-back scheme  回买计划

buyer /ˈbaiə/ n.  1  a person employed to select and purchase stock for a large store etc. (大百货店等的)采购员 2  a purchaser, a customer 购买者；买主

buyer's market n. (also 亦作 buyers' market)  an economic position in which goods are plentiful and cheap and buyers have the advantage 买方市场(市场上货物充足，价格便宜，有利于买方)

buy-in n. esp. US [尤美]  1  the purchase of shares on the Stock Exchange, esp. after the non-delivery of similar shares bought 买进；补进(尤指在股票未能在指定日期交割时从别处买进) 2  the buying-back of a company's own shares 买回本公司的股份

buyout /ˈbaiaʊt/ n.  the purchase of a controlling share in a company etc. 买下(公司等)的控股

buzz /bʌz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the hum of a bee etc. (蜜蜂等的)嗡嗡声 2  the sound of a buzzer 蜂鸣器的信号声 3  a  a confused low sound as of people talking; a murmur 低沉嘈杂的说话声；低语b  a stir; hurried activity 骚动；闹哄哄的活动  a buzz of excitement  一阵兴奋c colloq.  a rumour [口]流言；闲话 4 slang  a telephone call [俚语]电话 5 slang  a thrill; a euphoric sensation [俚语]激动；陶醉感 ●v.  1 intr.  make a humming sound 发出嗡嗡声 2  a tr. & intr.  signal or signal to with a buzzer 用蜂鸣器(给…)发出信号b tr. slang  telephone [俚语]打电话 3 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  move or hover busily 匆忙地移动；迅速掠过b (of a place) have an air of excitement or purposeful activity (某地)有激动(或忙碌)的气氛 4 tr. colloq.  throw hard [口]猛扔 5 tr. Aeron. colloq.  fly fast and very close to (another aircraft, the ground, etc.) 【空】[口]低飞掠过(地面)；高速逼近(另一架飞机等) □ buzz off  slang  go or hurry away [俚语]走开，马上离开 [imitative]

buzzard /ˈbʌzəd/ n.  1  any of a group of predatory birds of the hawk family, esp. of the genus Buteo, with broad wings well adapted for soaring flight. (鹰科)鵟(鵟属) 2 N. Amer.  a vulture, esp. the turkey buzzard [北美]秃鹫(尤指红头美洲鹫) [Middle English via Old French busard, buson from Latin buteo -onis ‘falcon’]

buzzer /ˈbʌzə/ n.  1  an electrical device, similar to a bell, that makes a buzzing noise 蜂鸣器 2  a whistle or hooter 汽笛；警报笛

buzz-saw n. N. Amer.  a circular saw [北美]圆锯

buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜ:d/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a fashionable piece of esp. technical jargon 时髦词语(尤指技术术语) 2  a catchword; a slogan 口号；标语

BVM abbr.  Blessed Virgin Mary [缩略]圣母马利亚

b/w abbr.  black and white (as opposed to colour) [缩略]黑白(颜色对比)

bwana /ˈbwɑ:nə/ n. (in Africa) master, sir 主人；先生(用于非洲) [Swahili]

BWI abbr. hist.  British West Indies [缩略] [史义]英属西印度群岛

BWR abbr.  boiling water (nuclear) reactor [缩略]沸水(核)反应堆

by /bai/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  near, beside, in the region of ... 在…旁边；靠近…；在…区域内  stand by the door  站在门口 sit by me  坐在我旁边 path by the river  河边的小路 2  through the agency, means, instrumentality, or causation of 通过…的代理(方式、媒介或起因)  by proxy  通过代理人 bought by a millionaire  由一位百万富翁买下 a poem by Donne  多恩写的诗 went by bus  乘公共汽车去 succeeded by persisting  靠持之以恒取得成功 divide four by two  4 除以 2 3  not later than; as soon as 不迟于，在…之前；一…就…  by next week  到下周为止 by now  到现在 by the time he arrives  在他到达之前 4  a  past, beyond 经过，在…范围以外  drove by the church  开车经过教堂 came by us  从我们身边过来b  passing through; via 经过；途经  went by Paris  途经巴黎 5  in the circumstances of 在…情况下  by day  在白天 by daylight  在日光下 6  to the extent of 达到…程度  missed by a foot  只差一英尺 better by far  好得多 7  according to; using as a standard or unit 根据；以…为标准(或单位)  judge by appearances  从外表来看 paid by the hour  按小时付费 8  with the succession of 连续地  worse by the minute  在一点一点地变糟 day by day  日复一日 one by one  一个接一个 9  concerning; in respect of 与…有关，就…而言  did our duty by them  我们对他们尽了责任 Smith by name  名叫史密斯 all right by me  我是同意的 10  used in mild oaths 用于发誓 (originally 最初 = as surely as one believes in 可以确信)  by God  上帝可以作证 by gum  当着上天 swear by all that is sacred  凭着神圣起誓 11  placed between specified lengths in two directions 位于两个方向的具体长度，之间  three feet by two  3 英尺长 2 英尺宽 12  avoiding, ignoring 避免接触；忽略  pass by him  不理睬他 passed us by  避开我们 13 (esp. in names of compass points) inclining to (尤指罗盘上的指针称谓)倾斜于  north by east  between north and north-north-east 北偏东 north-east by north  between north-east and north-north-east 东北偏北 ●adv.  1  near 靠近  sat by, watching  坐在旁边观看 lives close by  住在附近 2  aside; in reserve 一旁，一边；保留着  put £ 5 by  存下 5 英镑 3  past 经过  they marched by  他们大踏步地经过 ●n. (pl. byes)  = BYE1  □ by and by   before long; eventually 不久；最终□ by and large   on the whole, everything considered 大体上；总的来说□ by the by (or bye)   incidentally, parenthetically 顺便提一句□ by oneself   1  a  unaided 独自地b  without prompting 无需敦促地 2  alone; without company 单独地；没有伴儿地 [Old English bī, bi, be, from Germanic]

by- /bai/ prefix (also 亦作 bye-)  subordinate, incidental, secondary (by-product 副产品 ; byroad 小路) 从属的；附带的，次要的

by-blow /ˈbaibləʊ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a side-blow not at the main target (非针对主要目标的)侧击 2  a man's illegitimate child 私生子

bye1 /bai/ n.  1 Cricket  a run scored from a ball that passes the batsman without being hit 【板球】漏击得分 2  the status of an unpaired competitor in a sport, who proceeds to the next round as if having won 轮空(运动员在比赛中因无对手而自动进入下一轮的情况) 3 Golf  one or more holes remaining unplayed after the match has been decided 【高尔夫球】(因一方已赢而不打的)余穴 □ by the bye   = by the by  [BY used as noun]

bye2 /bai/ int. colloq. [口]  = GOODBYE  [abbreviation]

bye- prefix var.  of BY- BY- 的变体

bye-bye1 /baiˈbai/ int. colloq. [口]  = GOODBYE  [childish corruption]

bye-bye2 /ˈbaibai/ n. (also 亦作 bye-byes /-baiz/) (a child's word for) sleep (儿语)睡觉 [Middle English, from the sound used in lullabies]

by-election /ˈbaiilekʃ(ə)n/ n. Brit.  the election of an MP in a single constituency to fill a vacancy arising during a government's term of office [英] (单独在某一选区举行的)国会议员的补缺选举，补选

Byelorussian var.  of BELORUSSIAN  BELORUSSIAN 的变体

by-form /ˈbaifɔ:m/ n.  a collateral form of a word etc. (词等的)并列形式

bygone /ˈbaiɡɒn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  past, antiquated 过去的；以前的；过时的  bygone years  过去的年代 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  past offences 前嫌  let bygones be bygones  过去的事就让它过去吧

by-law /ˈbailɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 bye-law)  1 Brit.  a regulation made by a local authority or corporation [英]地方法规 2  a rule made by a company or society for its members (公司或协会的)内部章程 [Middle English probably from obsolete byrlaw local custom (Old Norse býjar, genitive sing. of býr ‘town’, but associated with BY)]

byline /ˈbailain/ n.  1  a line in a newspaper etc. naming the writer of an article (报刊等的文章里)标出作者名字的一行 2  a secondary line of work 副业 3  a goal line or touchline 球门线

byname /ˈbaineim/ n.  a sobriquet; a nickname 诨名，别名；绰号

BYOB abbr.  bring your own bottle [缩略]请自带酒来

bypass /ˈbaipɑ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a road passing round a town or its centre to provide an alternative route for through traffic (绕开城镇或市中心的)旁道，旁路 2  a  a secondary channel or pipe etc. to allow a flow when the main one is closed or blocked 应急用(备用)通路(管道等)b  an alternative passage for the circulation of blood during a surgical operation on the heart (心脏手术中供血液循环的)旁通管；分流(术) ●v. tr.  1  avoid; go round 避开；绕过 2  provide with a bypass 辟出一条旁道

bypath /ˈbaipɑ:θ/ n.  1  a secluded path 僻径 2  a minor or obscure branch of a subject (学科的)次要(或不明确)分支

byplay /ˈbaiplei/ n.  a secondary action or sequence of events, esp. in a play (尤指在戏剧中)与主要情节无关的次要动作(穿插戏)

by-product /ˈbaiprɒdʌkt/ n.  1  an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture of something else 副产品 2  a secondary result 附带产生的结果

byre /ˈbaiə/ n. Brit.  a cowshed [英]牛棚 [Old English byˉre: perhaps related to BOWER1]

byroad /ˈbairəʊd/ n.  a minor road 小路，支路

Byronic /baiˈrɒnik/ adj.  1  characteristic of Lord Byron, English poet d. 1824, or his romantic poetry 拜伦式的；具有拜伦诗歌风格的 2 (of a man) handsomely dark, mysterious, or moody (男人)黝黑的；神秘的；喜怒无常的

byssinosis /bisiˈnəʊsis/ n. Med.  a lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of textile fibre dust 【医】棉屑沉着病，棉尘肺(因长期吸入棉尘所致) [modern Latin from Greek bussinos ‘made of byssus’ + -OSIS]

byssus /ˈbisəs/ n. (pl. byssuses or byssi /-sai/)  1 hist.  a fine textile fibre and fabric of flax [史义]黄麻织物；黄麻 2  a tuft of tough silky filaments by which some molluscs adhere to rocks etc. (软体动物吸附岩石等的)丝足 [Middle English via Latin from Greek bussos]

bystander /ˈbaistændə/ n.  a person who stands by but does not take part; a mere spectator 旁观者

byte /bait/ n. Computing  a group of binary digits (usu. eight), operated on as a unit 【计算】(二进制)字节(通常为 8 位)；(二进)位组 [20th c.: based on BIT4 and BITE]

byway /ˈbaiwei/ n.  1  a byroad or bypath 小路，小道；僻径 2  a minor activity 次要活动

byword /ˈbaiwɜ:d/ n.  1  a person or thing cited as a notable example (人或物的)别名，绰号；代名词  is a byword for luxury  是奢侈的代名词 2  a familiar saying; a proverb 俗语；谚语

Byzantine /biˈzæntain, bai-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire 拜占庭帝国的；东罗马帝国的 2 (of a political situation etc. 政治形势等)  a  extremely complicated 极为复杂的b  inflexible 死板的c  carried on by underhand methods 暗中进行的 3 Archit. & Art  of a highly decorated style developed in the Eastern Empire 【建】【艺术】具有东罗马帝国华丽建筑风格的 ●n.  a citizen of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire 拜占庭居民；东罗马帝国居民 □ Byzantinism  n.  □ Byzantinist  n.   [French byzantin or Latin Byzantinus from Byzantium, the city later called Constantinople and now Istanbul]

Béarnaise sauce /beiəˈneiz/ n.  a rich sauce thickened with egg yolks and flavoured with tarragon 鸡蛋黄油调味汁 [French, fem. of béarnais ‘of Béarn’ (in SW France)]

béchamel /ˈbeiʃəmel/ n.  a kind of thick white sauce 贝夏梅尔调味品 [invented by the Marquis de Béchamel, French courtier d. 1703]

bêche-de-mer /beʃdəˈmɛə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or bêches-de-mer pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a kind of sea cucumber eaten in China usu. in long dried strips (通常长条形、风干的)海参 2  = BEACH-LA-MAR  [French, alteration of biche de mer from Portuguese bicho do mar, literally ‘sea-worm’]

bête noire /beit ˈnwɑ:, 法 bɛt nwar/ n. (pl. bêtes noires pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person or thing one particularly dislikes or fears 令人嫌恶(或害怕)的人(或物) [French, = black beast]

bêtise /beiˈti:z, 法 betiz/ n.  1  a foolish or ill-timed remark or action 愚蠢(不合时宜)的言(行) 2  a piece of folly 蠢话，蠢事 [French]

C1 /si:/ n. (also 亦作 c) (pl. Cs or C's)  1  the third letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 3 个字母 2 Mus.  the first note of the diatonic scale of C major (the major scale having no sharps or flats) 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 1 个音， C 音(大调音阶中没有升半音或降半音) 3  the third hypothetical person or example 假定的第 3 个人或例子 4  the third highest class or category (of academic marks etc.) (学业成绩)第三等 5 (usu. 通常作 c) Algebra  the third known quantity 【代数】第三已知量 6 (as a Roman numeral) 100 (罗马数字的)100 7 (作 C)  the name of a computer programming language C 语言(一种计算机编程语言)

C2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 C.)  1  Cape  2  Conservative  3 Brit.  Command Paper (second series, 1870 － 99) [英]赦令书(第二辑， 1870 至 1899 年) 4  Celsius, Centigrade 

C3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element carbon 【化】(化学元素)碳 2 (also 亦作 ©)  copyright  3  coulomb(s)  4  capacitance 

c1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.)  1  century; centuries  2  chapter  3  cent(s)  4  cold  5 (usu. 通常作 c.)  circa, about  6  colt  7 Cricket  caught by 【板球】被接住

c2 symb. [符]  1 (usu. 通常作 c)  the speed of light in a vacuum (真空中的)光速 2  centi- 

c/- abbr. Austral. & NZ  care of [缩略] [澳新]由…转交(常用于信封上标注)

CA abbr. [缩略]  1 US  California (in official postal use) [美]加利福尼亚(正式邮政用语) 2 Sc. & Canad.  chartered accountant [苏格兰和加]特许会计师

Ca symb. Chem.  the element calcium [符]【化】(化学元素)钙

ca. abbr.  circa, about [缩略]大约

CAA abbr. (in the UK) Civil Aviation Authority [缩略] (英国)民航局

Caaba var.  of KAABA  KAABA 的变体

CAB abbr. [缩略]  1  Citizens' Advice Bureau 公民咨询处 2 US  Civil Aeronautics Board [美]民用航空委员会

cab /kæb/ n.  1  a taxi 出租汽车 2  the driver's compartment in a lorry, train, or crane (卡车、火车或吊车)驾驶室 3 hist.  a hackney carriage [史义]出租马车 [abbreviation of CABRIOLET]

cabal /kəˈbæl/ n.  1  a secret intrigue 密谋，阴谋 2  a political clique or faction 政治集团(或派别) 3 hist.  a committee of five ministers under Charles II, whose surnames happened to begin with C, A, B, A, and L [史义] (查理二世时期的)五大臣集团(其姓氏的首字母恰好是 C 、 A 、 B 、 A 、 L) [French cabale from medieval Latin cabala, CABBALA]

cabala   1 var.  of CABBALA CABBALA 的变体 2 (作 Cabala) var.  of KABBALAH KABBALAH 的变体

caballero /kæbəˈljɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Spanish gentleman 西班牙绅士；西班牙骑士 [Spanish = gentleman, horseman, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CAVALIER, CHEVALIER]

cabana /kəˈbɑ:nə/ n. N. Amer.  a hut or shelter at a beach or swimming pool [北美] (海滩或游泳池旁作更衣室的)帐篷，小屋；简易浴室 [Spanish cabaña from Late Latin (as CABIN)]

cabaret /ˈkæbərei/ n.  1  an entertainment in a nightclub or restaurant while guests eat or drink at tables 卡巴莱(夜总会或餐馆里为进餐顾客助兴的娱乐活动) 2  such a nightclub etc. 卡巴莱夜总会(或餐馆等) [French, = wooden structure, tavern]

cabbage /ˈkæbidʒ/ n.  1  a  any of several cultivated varieties of Brassica oleracea, with thick green or purple leaves forming a round heart or head 洋白菜，卷心菜，包心菜b  these leaves usu. eaten as vegetable (通常作蔬菜食用的)洋白菜 2 Brit. colloq. derog.  a person who is inactive or lacks interest [英口] [贬]无精打采的人；缺乏兴趣的人 □ cabbagy  adj.   [earlier cabache, -oche from Old French (Picard) caboche ‘head’, Old French caboce, of unknown origin]

cabbage palm n.  any of various palm trees with cabbage-like buds (sometimes edible) or leaves (顶芽或叶子像卷心菜、有时候可食用的)菜棕

cabbage rose n.  a double rose with a large round compact flower 洋蔷薇，百叶蔷薇

cabbage tree n.  1  a palmlike tree, Cordyline australis (agave family), native to New Zealand and widely grown for its sugary sap or for ornament; also called ti. 扇叶菜棕(棕榈科植物，原产地为新西兰，因树液含糖、树形美观而广泛栽种) 2  = CABBAGE PALM 

cabbage white n.  a butterfly, Pieris brassicae, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage leaves 菜粉蝶(因其幼虫食卷心菜菜叶而得名)

cabbala /kəˈbɑ:lə, ˈkæbələ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cabala, kabbala)  mystic interpretation; any esoteric doctrine or occult lore (对《圣经》作神秘解释的学说)奥秘教义，深奥学说 2 (作 Cabbala) var.  of KABBALAH KABBALAH 的变体 □ cabbalism  n.  □ cabbalist  n.  □ cabbalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [medieval Latin from Rabbinical Hebrew kabbɑˉlɑˆ ‘tradition’]

cabby /ˈkæbi/ n. (also 亦作 cabbie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a taxi driver [口]出租汽车司机 [CAB + -Y2]

cab driver n.  a taxi driver 出租汽车司机

caber /ˈkeibə/ n.  a roughly trimmed tree trunk used in the Scottish Highland sport of tossing the caber 长树干，长木柱(略经修整的树干，用于苏格兰高地的树干掷远比赛) [Gaelic cabar ‘pole’]

Cabernet /ˈkæbənei/ n.  1  a variety of black grape (esp. 尤作 Cabernet Franc /frɒ˜/ or Cabernet Sauvignon /ˈsəʊvinjɒ˜/) used in wine-making 黑葡萄(尤指法国卡百内葡萄，用于酿酒) 2  a vine on which these grow 黑葡萄藤 3  a wine made from these grapes 卡百内葡萄酒 [French]

cabin /ˈkæbin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shelter or house, esp. of wood 小棚屋，小房子(尤指木结构) 2  a room or compartment in an aircraft or ship for passengers or crew (飞机或轮船上供乘客或乘务员使用的)座舱，舱室 3  a driver's cab 司机室，驾驶室 ●v. tr. (cabined, cabining)  confine in a small place, cramp 使身居斗室；禁锢，束缚 [Middle English via Old French cabane and Provençal cabana from Late Latin capanna, cavanna]

cabin boy n.  a boy who waits on a ship's officers or passengers (轮船上的)男服务员，侍者

cabin class n.  the intermediate class of accommodation in a ship (轮船的)二等舱

cabin crew n.  the crew members on an aeroplane attending to passengers and cargo (飞机上的)机务人员，空勤人员

cabin cruiser n.  a large motor boat with living accommodation (有食宿设备的)大型游艇

cabinet /ˈkæbinit/ n.  1  a  a cupboard or case with drawers, shelves, etc., for storing or displaying articles (有抽屉、隔板等的)贮藏柜；陈列柜b  a piece of furniture housing a radio or television set etc. (放置收音机或电视机等的)柜子 2 (作 Cabinet)  a  the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy 内阁(由负责掌管政府政策的资深大臣组成的委员会)b (in the US) a body of advisers to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government (美国)总统顾问团(由政府各行政部门首脑组成) 3 archaic  a small private room [古义]私人小房间 [CABIN + -ET1, influenced by French cabinet]

cabinet-maker /ˈkæbinitˌmeikə/ n.  a skilled joiner (技术熟练的)细木工人，家具木工 □ cabinetmaking  n.  

Cabinet minister n. Brit.  a member of the Cabinet [英]内阁成员，内阁大臣，内阁部长

cabinet photograph n.  a photograph of about 6 by 4 inches 私室照片(约 6 乘 4 英寸大小)

cabinet pudding n.  a steamed pudding with dried fruit (由果脯制成的)面包布丁

cabinetry /ˈkæbinitri/ n.  cabinets regarded collectively (总称)内阁

cable /ˈkeib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thick rope of wire or hemp 钢索，缆绳 2  a  an encased group of insulated wires for transmitting electricity or electrical signals (传输电能或电子信号的)电缆b  a cablegram 海底电报c  = CABLE TELEVISION  3  a Naut.  the chain of an anchor 【海】锚链，锚索b  a measure of 200 yards or US 240 yards 链(海上测距单位，约 200 码或[美] 240 码) 4 (in full 全称 cable stitch)  a knitted stitch resembling twisted rope (织物的)缆绳状花样；缆绳状针织法 5 Archit.  a rope-shaped ornament 【建】缆绳状装饰 ●v.  1  a tr.  transmit (a message) by cablegram 用海底电报拍发(消息)b tr.  inform (a person) by cablegram 用海底电报通知(某人)c intr.  send a cablegram 发海底电报 2 tr.  furnish or fasten with a cable or cables (用电缆或缆绳)装备；系缚 3 Archit. tr.  furnish with cables 【建】布线 [Middle English from Old French chable, ultimately from Late Latin capulum ‘halter’, from Arabic habl]

cable car n.  1  a small cabin (often one of a series) suspended on an endless cable by which it is drawn up and down a mountainside etc., controlled from an engine room (上、下山等用的)缆车 2  a carriage drawn along a cable railway 缆索铁路车厢，轨道缆车车厢

cablegram /ˈkeib(ə)lɡræm/ n.  a telegraph message sent by undersea cable etc. (用海底电缆等发出的)海底电报

cable-laid adj. (of rope) having three triple strands (指绳索)由三根三股搓成的

cable railway n.  a railway along which carriages are drawn by an endless cable 缆索铁路，轨道缆车

cable release n. Photog.  a cable attached to a camera to allow the photographer to open the shutter without having to hold (and thus risk moving) the camera 【摄】快门安全线(照相机上装此设备，不必手持相机即可按快门)

cable stitch  see 见 CABLE n. 4 

cable television n.  a television broadcasting system with signals transmitted by cable to subscribers' sets 有线电视

cableway /ˈkeib(ə)lwei/ n.  a transporting system with a usu. elevated cable (通常由高架电缆构成的)索道，缆道

cabman /ˈkæbmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist.  the driver of a hackney carriage [史义]出租马车车夫

cabochon /ˈkæbəʃɒn/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a gem polished but not faceted (已抛光但未琢面的)宝石 □ en cabochon  (of a gem) treated in this way (指宝石)已抛光但未琢面的 [French, diminutive of caboche: see CABBAGE]

caboodle /kəˈbu:d(ə)l/ n.   □ the whole caboodle  slang  the whole lot (of persons or things) [俚语]一群(人)；一堆(东西) [19th c. US: perhaps from the phrase kit and boodle]

caboose /kəˈbu:s/ n.  1 Brit.  a kitchen on a ship's deck [英] (轮船上的)厨房 2 N. Amer.  a guard's van; a car on a freight train for workmen etc. [北美]货车守车；(货车列车员用的)车厢 [Dutch cabūse, of unknown origin]

cabotage /ˈkæbətɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  1 Naut.  coastal navigation and trade 【海】沿海航行，沿海贸易 2 esp. Aeron.  the reservation to a country of (esp. air) traffic operation within its territory (尤)【空】(仅限本国在领土、尤指领空范围内通行的)交通运营权，飞行权 [French from caboter ‘to coast’, perhaps from Spanish cabo CAPE2]

cabotin /kɑ:bəˈtã, 法 kabɔtɛ˜/ n. (fem. cabotine /-ˈti:n, -tin/)  a second-rate actor; a strolling player 二流演员；流浪艺人 [French, = strolling player, perhaps formed as CABOTAGE, from the resemblance to vessels travelling from port to port]

cabriole /kæbriˈəʊl/ n.  a kind of curved leg characteristic of Chippendale and Queen Anne furniture (奇彭代尔和安妮女王时期家具所特有的)弯腿 [French from cabrioler, caprioler from Italian capriolare ‘to leap in the air’; from the resemblance to a leaping animal's foreleg: see CAPRIOLE]

cabriolet /ˈkæbriəlei/ n.  1  a light two-wheeled carriage with a hood, drawn by one horse (有篷的)单马双轮轻便马车 2  a motor car with a folding top 篷式汽车 [French from cabriole ‘goat's leap’ (cf. CAPRIOLE), applied to the carriage's motion]

ca'canny /kɑ:ˈkæni/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the practice of ‘going slow’ at work; a trade union policy of limiting output 怠工；(工会的)怠工政策 2  extreme caution 极其谨慎，小心翼翼 [Scots, = proceed warily: see CALL v. 16, CANNY]

cacao /kəˈkɑ:əʊ, -ˈkeiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a seed pod from which cocoa and chocolate are made (用于制作可可和巧克力的)可可豆 2  a small widely cultivated evergreen tree, Theobroma cacao, bearing these 可可树(一种广泛栽培、结可可豆的常青小乔木) [Spanish from Nahuatl cacauatl (uatl ‘tree’)]

cachalot /ˈkæʃəlɒt/ n.  a sperm whale 抹香鲸 [French from Spanish & Portuguese cachalote, from cachola ‘big head’]

cache /kæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hiding place for treasure, provisions, ammunition, etc. (财宝、给养、武器等的)隐藏处，贮藏处 2  what is hidden in a cache 隐藏物，贮藏物 3 (in full 全称 cache memory) Computing  an auxiliary memory from which high-speed retrieval is possible 【计算】(可进行快速检索的)高速缓冲存储器 ●v. tr.  put in a cache 贮藏，储存 [French from cacher ‘to hide’]

cachectic /kəˈkektik/ adj. Med.  relating to or having the symptoms of cachexia 【医】与身体消瘦有关的；有身体消瘦症状的

cachet /ˈkæʃei/ n.  1  a distinguishing mark or seal 识别标记；印戳 2  prestige 威望，声望 3 Med.  a flat capsule enclosing a dose of unpleasant-tasting medicine 【医】(装苦味药物的)扁平胶囊 [French from cacher ‘press’, ultimately from Latin coactare ‘constrain’]

cachexia /kəˈkeksiə/ n. (also 亦作 cachexy /-ksi/) Med.  a condition of weakness and wasting of the body associated with chronic disease 【医】(伴随慢性病而产生的)身体虚弱；消瘦 [French cachexie or Late Latin cachexia from Greek kakhexia, from kakos ‘bad’ + hexis ‘habit’]

cachinnate /ˈkækineit/ v. intr. literary  laugh loudly [文学用语]放声大笑 □ cachinnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cachinnatory  /-ˈneit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin cachinnare cachinnat- (imitative)]

cacholong /ˈkæʃəlɒŋ/ n.  a kind of opal 美蛋白石 [French, from Mongolian kashchilon ‘beautiful stone’]

cachou /ˈkæʃu:, kəˈʃu:/ n.  1  a lozenge to sweeten the breath 口香糖 2 var.  of CATECHU CATECHU 的变体 [French via Portuguese cachu from Malay kɑˉchu: cf. CATECHU]

cachucha /kəˈtʃu:tʃə/ n.  a Spanish solo dance 卡楚恰舞(一种西班牙单人舞蹈) [Spanish]

cacique /kəˈsi:k/ n.  1  a W. Indian or American Indian native chief (西印度群岛或美洲)印第安部落首领，酋长 2  a political boss in Spain or Latin America (西班牙或拉丁美洲)政界巨头 [Spanish or French, from Taino]

cack-handed /kækˈhændid/ adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  awkward, clumsy 笨拙的，手脚不灵活的 2  left-handed 左撇子的 □ cack-handedly  adv.  □ cack-handedness  n.   [dialect cack ‘excrement’]

cackle /ˈkæk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a clucking sound as of a hen or a goose (母鸡或母鹅发出的)咯咯声 2  a loud silly laugh 大声的傻笑 3  noisy inconsequential talk 饶舌，扯淡 ●v.  1 intr.  emit a cackle 发出咯咯声 2 intr.  talk noisily and inconsequentially 高声谈笑，扯淡 3 tr.  utter or express with a cackle 叽叽呱呱地讲；傻笑着表达 □ cut the cackle  colloq.  stop talking aimlessly and come to the point [口]别扯淡，谈正经的 [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch kɑˉkelen (imitative)]

cacodemon /kækəˈdi:mən/ n. (also 亦作 cacodaemon)  1  an evil spirit 恶鬼，恶魔 2  a malignant person 恶人 [Greek kakodaimōn, from kakos ‘bad’ + daimōn ‘spirit’]

cacodyl /ˈkækədail, -dil/ n.  1  a malodorous, toxic, spontaneously flammable liquid, tetramethyldiarsine 四甲二胂(一种恶臭、剧毒的易燃液体) 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a radical derived from this, -As (CH3)2 卡可基，二甲胂基 □ cacodylic  /-ˈdæilik, -ˈdilik/ adj.   [Greek kakōdēs ‘stinking’ from kakos ‘bad’]

cacoethes /kækəʊˈi:θi:z/ n.  an urge to do something inadvisable (做不明智事情的)冲动，强烈欲望 [Latin from Greek kakoēthes neut. adj., from kakos ‘bad’ + ēthos ‘disposition’]

cacography /kəˈkɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  bad handwriting 糟糕的书写 2  bad spelling 错误百出的拼写 □ cacographer  n.  □ cacographic  /kækəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cacographical  /kækəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kakos ‘bad’, on the pattern of orthography]

cacology /kəˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  1  bad choice of words 措词不当，用词不当 2  bad pronunciation 读音不准，发音不准 [Late Latin cacologia from Greek kakologia ‘vituperation’, from kakos ‘bad’]

cacomistle /ˈkækəmis(ə)l/ n.  a raccoon-like American animal of the genus Bassariscus, with a dark-ringed tail, esp. B. astutus of N. America 蓬尾浣熊(产于北美洲，尾部有黑色环纹) [Latin American Spanish cacomixtle from Nahuatl tlacomiztli]

cacophony /kəˈkɒf(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a harsh discordant mixture of sound 刺耳的声音，不和谐的声音 2  dissonance; discord 不协和(和弦)，不协和音 □ cacophonous  adj.   [French cacophonie via Greek kakophōnia from kakophōnos, from kakos ‘bad’ + phōnē ‘sound’]

cactus /ˈkæktəs/ n. (pl. cacti /-tai/ or cactuses)  any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae, native to arid parts of the New World, with a thick fleshy stem, usu. spines but no leaves, and often brilliantly coloured flowers 仙人掌(原产地为新大陆干旱地区，茎为肉质，通常无叶有刺，多开有鲜艳的花) □ cactaceous  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin, from Greek kaktos ‘cardoon’ (an obsolete sense in English)]

cactus dahlia n.  a dahlia with quilled petals resembling a cactus flower 卷瓣大丽花

cacuminal /kəˈkju:min(ə)l/ adj. Phonet. 【语音】  = RETROFLEX 2  [Latin cacuminare ‘make pointed’ from cacumen -minis ‘treetop’]

CAD abbr.  computer-aided design [缩略]计算机辅助设计

cad /kæd/ n.  a person (esp. a man) who behaves dishonourably (尤指男人)粗俗的人，无教养的人 □ caddish  adj.  □ caddishly  adv.  □ caddishness  n.   [abbreviation of CADDIE in earlier sense ‘odd-job man’]

cadastral /kəˈdæstr(ə)l/ adj.  of or showing the extent, value, and ownership of land, esp. for taxation 土地清册的(记载土地面积、价值和产权，尤供征税用) [French from cadastre ‘register of property’ via Provençal cadastro from Italian catast(r)o (earlier catastico), from late Greek katastikhon ‘list, register’, from kata stikhon ‘line by line’]

cadaver /kəˈdɑ:və, -ˈdei-/ n. esp. Med.  a corpse 【医】尸体 □ cadaveric  /-ˈdæv(ə)rik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from cadere ‘fall’]

cadaverous /kəˈdæv(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  corpselike 死尸般的 2  deathly pale 惨白的 [Latin cadaverosus (as CADAVER)]

caddie /ˈkædi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 caddy) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who assists a golfer during a match, by carrying clubs etc. (比赛中帮助高尔夫球手拿球杆等的)球童 ●v. intr. (caddies, caddied, caddying)  act as caddie 当球童 [originally Scots from French CADET]

caddie car n. (also 亦作 caddie cart) Brit.  a light two-wheeled trolley for transporting golf clubs during a game [英]球杆车(比赛中运送高尔夫球杆的双轮轻便手推车)

caddis-fly /ˈkædis/ n. (pl. -flies)  a small mothlike insect of the order Trichoptera, with aquatic larvae 石蛾(一种样子像蛾子的昆虫，其幼虫生活在水中) [17th c.: origin unknown]

caddish  see 见 CAD 

caddis-worm /ˈkædis/ n. (also 亦作 caddis)  the aquatic larva of a caddis-fly, often making a protective cylindrical case of sticks, leaves, etc., and used as fishing bait 石蚕(石蛾的幼虫，可作鱼饵) [as CADDIS-FLY]

caddy1 /ˈkædi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small container, esp. a box for holding tea 小容器；(尤指)茶叶罐，茶叶听 [earlier catty, a unit of weight of 1(1/3) lb (0.61kg), from Malay kɑˉtī]

caddy2 var.  of CADDIE  CADDIE 的变体

cadence /ˈkeid(ə)ns/ n.  1  a fall in pitch of the voice, esp. at the end of a phrase or sentence (尤指短语或句子末尾的)声调降落，降调 2  intonation, tonal inflection (声音的)抑扬顿挫 3 Mus.  the close of a musical phrase 【音】终止式，乐章的结尾 4  rhythm; the measure or beat of sound or movement (声音或动作)节奏；韵律，节拍 □ cadenced  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Italian cadenza, ultimately from Latin cadere ‘fall’]

cadential /kəˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of a cadence or cadenza 节奏的；华彩段(或句)的

cadenza /kəˈdenzə/ n. Mus.  a virtuosic passage for a solo instrument or voice, usu. near the close of a movement of a concerto, sometimes improvised 【音】华彩段(通常位于协奏曲结尾附近供独奏者发挥其演奏技巧的段落，有时为即兴演奏) [Italian: see CADENCE]

cadet /kəˈdet/ n.  1  a young trainee in the armed services or police force 军官候补生；警官候补生 2  a boy or girl of 13 － 18 who undergoes voluntary army, navy, or air force training, together with adventure training, occasionally also undertaking public duties 自愿接受军训者(为 13 至 18 岁的少年，偶尔也执行公务) 3 NZ  an apprentice in sheep farming [新]学习牧羊的青年 4  a younger son 次子，幼子 □ cadetship  n.   [French from Gascon dialect capdet, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

cadge /kædʒ/ v.  1 tr.  get or seek by begging (以乞求的方式)得到，寻求 2 intr.  beg 乞讨；乞求 □ cadger  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

cadi /ˈkɑ:di, ˈkeidi/ n. (also 亦作 kadi) (pl. -is)  a judge in a Muslim country 卡迪(穆斯林国家的法官) [Arabic kɑˉdī from kadɑˉ ‘to judge’]

Cadmean /kædˈmi:ən/ adj.  = PYRRHIC1  [Latin Cadmeus from Greek Kadmeios, from Kadmos ‘Cadmus’: see CADMIUM]

cadmium /ˈkædmiəm/ n.  a soft bluish-white toxic metallic element occurring naturally with zinc ores, and used in the manufacture of solders and pigments and in electroplating (symbol 符 Cd) (化学元素)镉 [obsolete cadmia ‘calamine’ via Latin from Greek kadm(e)ia(gē) ‘Cadmean (earth)’, from Kadmos ‘Cadmus’, the name of the legendary founder of Thebes: see -IUM]

cadmium cell n. Electr.  a standard primary cell 【电】镉电池(一种标准的原电池)

cadmium yellow n.  an intense yellow pigment containing cadmium sulphide and used in paints etc. 镉黄(一种含有硫化镉的浓黄色颜料，用于油漆等)

cadre /ˈkɑ:də, ˈkɑ:dr(ə), ˈkædri/ n.  1  a basic unit, esp. of servicemen, forming a nucleus for expansion when necessary (尤指军队的)基层单位；核心官兵 2 /also 亦作 ˈkeidə/  a  a group of activists in a communist or other revolutionary party (共产党或其他革命政党的)骨干队伍，核心班子b  a member of such a group 骨干分子；干部 [in early use ‘a framework, a plan’: French via Italian quadro from Latin quadrus ‘square’]

caduceus /kəˈdju:siəs/ n. (pl. caducei /-siai/)  an ancient Greek or Roman herald's wand, esp. as carried by the messenger-god Hermes or Mercury (古希腊或罗马传令官、尤指诸神使者赫耳墨斯或墨丘利的)节杖 [Latin, from Doric Greek karuk(e)ion from kērux ‘herald’]

caducous /kəˈdju:kəs/ adj. Biol. (of organs and parts) easily detached or shed at an early stage 【生】(器官或部分)早期自然脱落的 □ caducity  /-siti/ n.   [Latin caducus ‘falling’ from cadere ‘fall’]

caecilian /siˈsiliən/ n. (also 亦作 coecilian)  a burrowing wormlike amphibian of the order Gymnophiona, having poorly developed eyes and no limbs 蚓螈(一种无足目两栖动物，视觉极差) [Latin caecilia ‘slow-worm’]

caecitis /siˈkaitis/ n. (US [美] cecitis) Med.  inflammation of the caecum 【医】盲肠炎

caecum /ˈsi:kəm/ n. (US [美] cecum) (pl. -ca /-kə/) Anat.  a blind-ended pouch at the junction of the small and large intestines 【解】盲肠(小肠和大肠连接处的一种末端为盲道的袋状结构) □ caecal  adj.   [Latin (intestinum) caecum ‘blind (gut)’, from caecus ‘blind’, translation of Greek tuphlon enteron]

Caerns. abbr.  Caernarvonshire (a former county in Wales) [缩略]卡那封郡(威尔士原郡名)

Caerphilly /kɛəˈfili, kɑ:-, kə-/ n.  a kind of mild white cheese originally made in Caerphilly in Wales 卡尔菲利干酪(一种原产于威尔士卡尔菲利的淡味白色干酪)

Caesar /ˈsi:zə/ n.  1  the title of the Roman emperors, esp. from Augustus to Hadrian 恺撒(尤指罗马帝国从奥古斯都至哈德良期间的帝王称号) 2  an autocrat 独裁者；暴君 3 Brit. Med. slang  a Caesarean section; a case of this [英]【医】[俚语]剖腹产手术；剖腹产病例 [Latin, family name of Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman statesman d. 44 BC]

Caesarean /siˈzɛəriən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Caesarian) ●adj.  1  of Caesar or the Caesars 恺撒的；(古罗马)帝王的 2 (US also [美亦] Ces-) (of a birth) effected by Caesarean section 剖腹产的 ●n.  a Caesarean section 剖腹产手术 [Latin Caesarianus]

Caesarean section n.  an operation for delivering a child by cutting through the wall of the mother's abdomen (Julius Caesar supposedly having been born this way) 剖腹产手术(传说恺撒大帝为剖腹产所生)

Caesar salad n.  a salad consisting of cos lettuce and croutons served with a dressing of olive oil, lemon juice, raw egg, Worcester sauce, and seasoning 恺撒什锦色拉(一种用直立莴苣和油炸面包块拌制并加有橄榄油、柠檬汁、生鸡蛋、伍斯特酱和佐料的色拉) [Caesar Cardini, Mexican restaurateur who invented it in 1924]

Caesar's wife n.  a person required to be above suspicion 不容怀疑的人

caesious /ˈsi:ziəs/ adj. Bot.  bluish or greyish green 【植】蓝绿色的，灰绿色的 [Latin caesius]

caesium /ˈsi:ziəm/ n. (US [美] cesium)  a rare soft silver-white element of the alkali metal group, occurring in certain minerals, and used in photoelectric cells and atomic clocks (symbol 符 Cs) (化学元素)铯 [as CAESIOUS (from its spectrum lines)]

caesura /siˈzjʊərə/ n. (pl. caesuras) Prosody 【诗体】  1 (in Greek and Latin verse) a break between words within a metrical foot (希腊和拉丁诗文中格律音步内单词之间的)停顿 2 (in modern verse) a pause near the middle of a line (现代诗靠近诗行中间的)停顿 □ caesural  adj.   [Latin from caedere caes- ‘cut’]

CAF abbr. US  cost and freight [缩略] [美]到岸价格(成本加运费)

cafard /kæˈfɑ:/ n.  melancholia 忧郁，抑郁，沮丧 [French, = cockroach, hypocrite]

cafeteria /kæfiˈtiəriə/ n.  a restaurant in which customers collect their meals on trays at a counter and usu. pay before sitting down to eat 自助餐馆，自助食堂 [Latin American Spanish cafetería ‘coffee shop’]

cafetière /kæfˈtjɛə/ n.  a coffee pot with a plunger that pushes the grounds to the bottom (壶中有一个柱塞把渣滓沉入壶底的)咖啡壶 [French]

caff /kæf/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = CAFÉ  [abbreviation]

caffeine /ˈkæfi:n/ n.  an alkaloid drug with stimulant action, found in tea leaves and coffee beans 咖啡因，咖啡碱(一种见于茶叶和咖啡豆中、具有兴奋作用的碱性药物) [French caféine from café ‘coffee’]

Cafod /ˈkæfɒd/ abbr.  Catholic Fund for Overseas Development [缩略]天主教海外发展基金

caftan var.  of KAFTAN  KAFTAN 的变体

café /ˈkæfei, ˈkæfi/ n. (also 亦作 cafe /pronunc. same 发音同 or joc. [诙] kaf, keif/)  1  a small coffee house or tea shop; a simple restaurant 咖啡馆；茶馆；小餐馆 2 N. Amer.  a bar or nightclub [北美]酒吧间；夜总会 [French, = coffee, coffee house]

café au lait /kæfei əʊ ˈlei, 法 kafe o lɛ/ n.  1  coffee with milk 牛奶咖啡 2  the colour of this 淡咖啡色

café-bar n. (also 亦作 cafe-bar)  a café in which alcoholic drinks can be bought 咖啡酒吧

café noir /kæfei ˈnwɑ:, 法 kafe nwar/ n.  black coffee 清咖啡

café society n.  the regular patrons of fashionable restaurants and nightclubs 咖啡馆阶层(高级饭店和夜总会的常客)

cage /keidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a structure of bars or wires, esp. for confining animals or birds (尤指关动物或鸟的)笼子 2  any similar open framework, esp. an enclosed platform or lift in a mine or the compartment for passengers in a lift 笼子似的结构；(尤指矿井中的)升降车；电梯梯厢 3 colloq.  a camp for prisoners of war [口]战俘营 ●v. tr.  place or keep in a cage 关进笼子，囚禁 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cavea]

cage bird n.  a bird of the kind customarily kept in a cage (通常养在笼子里的)笼中鸟

cagey /ˈkeidʒi/ adj. (also 亦作 cagy) (cagier, cagiest) colloq.  cautious and uncommunicative; wary [口]谨小慎微的；吞吞吐吐的 □ cagily  adv.  □ caginess  n. (also 亦作 cageyness)   [20th c. US: origin unknown]

cagoule /kəˈɡu:l/ n.  a thin hooded outer jacket (esp. one that is windproof and waterproof), worn in mountaineering etc. 连帽薄外衣(尤指登山等穿的一种防风防水的外套) [French, literally ‘cowl’]

cahoots /kəˈhu:ts/ n. pl.   □ in cahoots  (often foll. by 通常后跟 with) slang  in collusion [俚语]同伙，同谋 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

CAI abbr.  computer-assisted (or -aided) instruction [缩略]计算机辅助教学

caiman var.  of CAYMAN  CAYMAN 的变体

Cain /kein/ n.   □ raise Cain  colloq.  make a disturbance; create trouble [口]制造混乱；闹事，找麻烦 [Cain, eldest son of Adam, who murdered his brother (Genesis 4)]

Cainozoic var.  of CENOZOIC  CENOZOIC 的变体

caique /kaiˈi:k, kɑ:-/ n.  1  a light rowing boat on the Bosporus (博斯普鲁斯海峡中的)轻便划艇 2  an eastern Mediterranean sailing ship 东地中海帆船 [French via Italian caicco from Turkish kayik]

cairn /kɛən/ n.  1  a mound of rough stones built as a monument or landmark (作墓表、路标用的)堆石标 2 (in full 全称 cairn terrier)  a  a small terrier of a breed with short legs, a longish body, and a shaggy coat (perhaps so called from its being used to hunt among cairns) 凯恩猎狗(一种短腿、体长、毛发较粗的小猎犬)b  this breed 这种猎狗 [Gaelic carn]

cairngorm /ˈkɛənɡɔ:m/ n.  a yellow or wine-coloured semi-precious form of quartz 烟晶(一种黄色或紫红色的半宝石石英) [found on Cairngorm, a mountain in Scotland (Gaelic carn gorm ‘blue cairn’)]

Cairo /ˈkaiərəu/ n.  开罗 [埃及首都]

caisson /ˈkeis(ə)n, kəˈsu:n/ n.  1  a watertight chamber in which underwater construction work can be done (水下建筑工作用的)沉箱 2  a floating vessel used as a floodgate in docks 浮箱式坞门(一种船坞闸门) 3  an ammunition chest or wagon 弹药箱；弹药车 [French (from Italian cassone) assimilated to caisse CASE2]

caisson disease n.  = DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS 

caitiff /ˈkeitif/ n. & adj. poet. or archaic [诗] [古义] ●n.  a base or despicable person; a coward 小人，卑劣的人；懦夫 ●adj.  base, despicable, cowardly 卑鄙的；怯懦的 [Middle English from Old French caitif, chaitif, ultimately from Latin captivus CAPTIVE]

cajole /kəˈdʒəʊl/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  persuade by flattery, deceit, etc. (用甜言蜜语、欺骗等手段)劝诱，哄骗 □ cajolement  n.  □ cajolery  n.   [French cajoler]

Cajun /ˈkeidʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a French-speaking descendant of early settlers in Acadia, living esp. in the bayou areas of southern Louisiana (尤指居住在美国路易斯安那州南部牛轭湖地区的)阿卡迪亚早期定居者说法语的后裔，卡金人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cajuns, esp. with reference to their music, cuisine, etc. 阿卡迪亚早期定居者说法语的后裔的，卡金人的(尤指与其音乐、烹饪等相关的) [alteration of ACADIAN]

cake /keik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a mixture of flour, butter, eggs, sugar, etc., baked in the oven 蛋糕b  a quantity of this baked in a flat round or ornamental shape and often iced and decorated (一块)蛋糕 2  a  other food in a flat round shape 饼状食物  fish cake  鱼饼b  = CATTLE CAKE  3  a flattish compact mass (扁平而坚实的)块状物  a cake of soap  一块肥皂 4 Sc. & N. Engl.  thin oaten bread [苏格兰和英格兰北部]薄燕麦饼 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  form into a compact mass 结块 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  cover (with a hard or sticky mass) (用坚硬或黏稠的东西)覆盖  boots caked with mud  粘了厚厚泥巴的靴子 □ cakes and ale   merrymaking 狂欢，寻欢作乐□ have one's cake and eat it  colloq.  enjoy both of two mutually exclusive alternatives [口]两种利益兼得□ a piece of cake  colloq.  something easily achieved [口]容易做的事，不费力的事□ sell (or go) like hot cakes   be sold (or go) quickly; be popular 畅销；受欢迎□ a slice of the cake  colloq.  participation in benefits [口]分享利益，得到好处 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse kaka]

cake-hole n. slang  the mouth [俚语]嘴

cakewalk /ˈkeikwɔ:k/ n.  1  a dance developed from an American black contest in graceful walking with a cake as a prize (由美国黑人奖品为蛋糕的走步竞赛演变而成的)阔步舞 2 colloq.  an easy task [口]易如反掌的事 3 Brit.  a form of fairground entertainment consisting of a promenade moved by machinery [英]流动音乐会(一种集市娱乐活动，演奏者乘坐车辆四处巡回演出)

CAL abbr.  computer-assisted learning [缩略]计算机辅助学习

Cal abbr.  large calorie(s) or kilocalorie(s) [缩略]大卡，千卡(热量单位)

Cal. abbr.  California [缩略] (美)加利福尼亚州

cal abbr.  small calorie(s) [缩略]小卡(热量单位)

Calabar bean /ˈkæləbɑ:/ n.  a poisonous seed of the tropical African climbing plant Physostigma venosum, containing alkaloids used in medicine 毒扁豆(加拉巴尔豆属攀缘植物，产于热带非洲，含药用生物碱) [Calabar in Nigeria]

calabash /ˈkæləbæʃ/ n.  1  a  an evergreen tree, Crescentia cujete, native to tropical America, bearing fruit in the form of large gourds 加拉巴葫芦树(加拉巴木属常青乔木，产于热带美洲，其果实呈大葫芦状)b  a gourd from this tree 加拉巴葫芦 2  the shell of this or a similar gourd used as a vessel for water, to make a tobacco pipe, etc. 葫芦(用作容器或用于制作烟斗) [French calebasse from Spanish calabaza, perhaps from Persian karbuz ‘melon’]

calaboose /kæləˈbu:s/ n. US dial.  a prison [美方]监狱 [black French calabouse from Spanish calabozo ‘dungeon’]

calabrese /ˈkæləbri:s, kæləˈbri:s, kæləˈbreisi/ n. Brit.  a large succulent variety of sprouting broccoli [英]花茎甘蓝 [Italian, = Calabrian]

calamanco /kæləˈmæŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes) hist.  a glossy woollen cloth chequered on one side [史义]单面闪色花呢 [16th c.: origin unknown]

calamander /ˈkæləmændə/ n.  a fine-grained red-brown ebony streaked with black, from the Asian tree Diospyros qualsita, used in furniture 乌木(柿树属乔木，产于亚洲，其木材木纹精细呈红褐色，用于制作木器家具) [19th c.: Sinhalese kalu-madīriya]

calamari /kæləˈmɑ:ri/ n. pl.  squid served as food 枪乌贼，鱿鱼 [Italian calamari (pl. of calamaro), or modern Greek kalamari: cf. CALAMARY]

calamary /ˈkæləməri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic  a squid, esp. one of the genus Loligo [古义]乌贼，鱿鱼(尤指枪乌贼) [medieval Latin calamarium ‘pen-case’ from Latin calamus ‘pen’, with reference to its long tapering horny internal shell]

calamine /ˈkæləmain/ n.  1  a pink powder consisting of zinc carbonate and ferric oxide, used in lotions and ointments 炉甘石，异极石(一种含有碳酸锌和氧化铁的粉红色粉末，用于洗剂或软膏) 2  a zinc ore, esp. zinc carbonate as a mineral 锌矿石(尤指天然碳酸锌) [Middle English via French from medieval Latin calamina, alteration of Latin cadmia: see CADMIUM]

calamint /ˈkæləmint/ n.  an aromatic herb or shrub of the former genus Calamintha (now Clinopodium, mint family) 风轮菜(唇形科草本植物或灌木) [Middle English via Old French calament, medieval Latin calamentum, and Late Latin calaminthe from Greek kalaminthē]

calamity /kəˈlæmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a disaster, a great misfortune 灾难，灾祸 2  a  adversity 厄运，逆境b  deep distress 痛苦，悲伤 □ calamitous  adj.  □ calamitously  adv.   [Middle English via French calamité from Latin calamitas -tatis]

Calamity Jane n.  a prophet of disaster “灾星”杰恩 (Martha Jane Burke 的绰号) [the nickname of Martha Jane Burke (d. 1903), American frontierswoman and markswoman]

calando /kəˈlændəʊ/ adv. Mus.  gradually decreasing in speed and volume 【音】(速度和音量)渐慢渐弱地 [Italian, = slackening]

calash /kəˈlæʃ/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a  a light low-wheeled carriage with a removable folding hood 折篷轻便马车b  the folding hood itself (马车等的)折篷 2 Canad.  a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle [加]双轮马车 3  a woman's hooped silk hood 折篷式女兜帽 [French calèche via German Kalesche from Polish kolaska or Czech kolesa, from kolo ‘wheel’]

calc- /kælk/ comb. form  lime or calcium [构词成分]钙；石灰 [German Kalk from Latin CALX]

calcaneus /kælˈkeiniəs/ n. (also 亦作 calcaneum /-niəm/) (pl. calcanei /-niai/ or calcanea /-niə/)  the bone forming the heel 跟骨 [Latin]

calcareous /kælˈkɛəriəs/ adj. (also 亦作 calcarious)  of or containing calcium carbonate; chalky 钙质的，石灰质的 [Latin calcarius (as CALX)]

calceolaria /kælsiəˈlɛəriə/ n.  a plant of the S. American genus Calceolaria (figwort family), with slipper-shaped flowers 蒲包花(南美洲蒲包花属植物，其花朵形似拖鞋) [modern Latin, from Latin calceolus, diminutive of calceus ‘shoe’ + -aria fem. = -ARY1]

calceolate /ˈkælsiəleit/ adj. Bot.  slipper-shaped 【植】鞋状的，拖鞋状的

calces pl.  of CALX  

calcicole /ˈkælsikəʊl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  growing best in calcareous soil 钙生的，适合生长于钙质土壤的 ●n.  a calcicole plant 钙生植物 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + colere ‘inhabit’]

calciferol /kælˈsifərɒl/ n.  one of the D vitamins, routinely added to dairy products, essential for the deposition of calcium in bones Also called 亦称作 ergocalciferol, vitamin D2 钙化醇，骨化醇 [CALCIFEROUS + -OL1]

calciferous /kælˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj.  yielding calcium salts, esp. calcium carbonate 形成钙盐的，(尤指)形成碳酸钙的 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -FEROUS]

calcifuge /ˈkælsifju:dʒ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not suited to calcareous soil 不适于钙质土壤的 ●n.  a calcifuge plant 避钙植物，嫌钙植物 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -FUGE]

calcify /ˈkælsifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  harden or become hardened by deposition of calcium salts; petrify (使)硬化，(使)钙化，(使)骨化 2  convert or be converted to calcium carbonate (被)转换成碳酸钙 □ calcific  /-ˈsifik/ adj.  □ calcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

calcine /ˈkælsain, -sin/ v.  1 tr.  a  reduce, oxidize, or desiccate by strong heat (通过高温)使缩小(氧化或脱水)b  burn to ashes; consume by fire; roast 使煅烧，使焙烧(指烧成粉末或灰)，烘烤c  reduce to calcium oxide by roasting or burning (烘焙或燃烧)成氧化钙 2 tr.  consume or purify as if by fire (用火)烧毁(或提纯) 3 intr.  undergo any of these 煅烧，焙烧 □ calcination  /-siˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French calciner or medieval Latin calcinare from Late Latin calcina ‘lime’, from Latin CALX]

calcite /ˈkælsait/ n.  natural crystalline calcium carbonate 方解石(一种天然晶状碳酸钙) [German Calcit from Latin CALX ‘lime’]

calcium /ˈkælsiəm/ n.  a soft grey metallic element of the alkaline earth group occurring naturally in limestone, chalk, gypsum, etc., and whose ions and salts are essential to life (symbol 符 Ca) (化学元素)钙 [Latin CALX ‘lime’ + -IUM]

calcium carbonate n.  a white insoluble solid occurring naturally as chalk, limestone, marble, and calcite, forming mollusc shells and stony corals, and used in the manufacture of lime and cement 碳酸钙

calcium hydroxide n.  a white crystalline powder used in the manufacture of plaster and cement; slaked lime 氢氧化钙，熟石灰

calcium oxide n.  a white solid alkaline compound, commonly produced in the form of quicklime (see 见 LIME1 1) Also called 亦称作 calx 氧化钙，(生)石灰

calcium phosphate n.  the main constituent of animal bones, used as bone ash fertilizer 磷酸钙(动物骨头的主要成分，骨灰可用作肥料)

calcium sulphate n.  a white crystalline solid occurring as anhydrite and gypsum 硫酸钙

calcrete /ˈkælkri:t/ n. Geol.  a conglomerate formed by the cementation of sand and gravel with calcium carbonate 【地质】钙质结砾岩 [CALC- + concrete]

calcspar /ˈkælkspɑ:/ n.  = CALCITE  [CALC- + SPAR3]

calculable /ˈkælkjʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be calculated or estimated 可计算的；可估计的 □ calculability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ calculably  adv.  

calculate /ˈkælkjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  ascertain or determine beforehand, esp. by mathematics or by reckoning (尤指通过数学或计数的方法)估计，预测 2 tr.  plan deliberately 计划，筹划 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  rely on; make an essential part of one's reckoning 盼望，指望  calculated on a quick response  望速回音 4 tr. N. Amer. colloq.  suppose, believe [北美口]认为，以为 □ calculative  /-lətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin calculare (as CALCULUS)]

calculated /ˈkælkjʊleitid/ adj.  1 (of an action) done with awareness of the likely consequences (指行动)蓄意的，故意作出的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  designed or suitable; intended 精心设计的；适合的；蓄意的 □ calculatedly  adv.  

calculating /ˈkælkjʊleitiŋ/ adj. (of a person) shrewd, scheming (指人)精明的，狡猾的 □ calculatingly  adv.  

calculation /kælkjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of calculating 计算；计算过程 2  a result got by calculating 计算结果 3  a reckoning or forecast 估计；预测 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin calculatio (as CALCULATE)]

calculator /ˈkælkjʊleitə/ n.  1  a device (esp. a small electronic one) used for making mathematical calculations 计算器(尤指小型电子计算器) 2  a person or thing that calculates 计算者；计算器 3  a set of tables used in calculation (计算中使用的)计算表 [Middle English from Latin (as CALCULATE)]

calculus /ˈkælkjʊləs/ n. (pl. calculuses or calculi /-lai, -li:/)  1  a  a particular method of calculation or reasoning 演算法，计算法  calculus of probabilities  概率演算b Math.  the infinitesimal calculuses of integration or differentiation (see 见 INTEGRAL CALCULUS, DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) 【数】微积分(学) 2  a Med.  a stone or concretion of minerals formed within the body, esp. in the kidney or gall bladder 【医】(人体内的)石，结石(尤指肾或膀胱结石)b  = TARTAR 1  □ calculous  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Latin, = small stone used in reckoning on an abacus]

Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ n.  加尔各答 [印度港市]

caldera /kɒlˈdɛərə, -ˈdiərə/ n.  a large volcanic crater, esp. one whose breadth greatly exceeds that of the vent or vents within it 破火山口(其大小远远超出其中的喷发口) [Spanish from Late Latin caldaria ‘boiling-pot’]

caldron var.  of CAULDRON  CAULDRON 的变体

Caledonian /kæliˈdəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Scotland 苏格兰的；关于苏格兰的 2 Geol.  of a mountain-forming period in Europe in the Palaeozoic era 【地质】加里东(即古生代时欧洲造山运动时期)的 ●n.  a Scotsman 苏格兰人 [Caledonia the Latin name for northern Britain]

calefacient /kæliˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. Med. 【医】  ●n.  any substance producing or causing a sensation of warmth 发暖剂 ●adj.  having this property 发暖的，使暖的 [Latin calefacere, from calēre ‘be warm’ + facere ‘make’]

calendar /ˈkælində/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system by which the beginning, length, and subdivisions of the year are fixed 历法 2  a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving special seasonal information 日历，历书 3  a timetable or programme of appointments, special events, etc. (记录约见、特殊事件等的)日程表，记事录 4  a list or register, esp. of canonized saints, cases for trial, etc. 议案一览表(尤指封圣、待审案件等) ●v. tr.  register or enter in a calendar or timetable etc. 把…排进日程表，把…记入记事录 □ calendric  /-ˈlendrik/ adj.  □ calendrical  /-ˈlendrik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French calender, Old French calendier from Latin calendarium ‘account book’ (as CALENDS)]

calendar month  see 见 MONTH 1 

calendar year  see 见 YEAR 2 

calender /ˈkælində/ n. & v. ●n.  a machine in which cloth, paper, etc., is pressed by rollers to glaze or smooth it (布、纸等的)轧光机，压光机 ●v. tr.  press in a calender 轧光，压光 [French calendre(r), of unknown origin]

calends /ˈkælindz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 kalends)  the first of the month in the ancient Roman calendar (古罗马历法中)每月的第一天 [Middle English via Old French calendes from Latin kalendae, the first day of the month, when the order of days was proclaimed, from the base of Latin calare, Greek kalein ‘call, proclaim’]

calendula /kəˈlendjʊlə/ n.  any plant of the genus Calendula (daisy family), with large yellow or orange flowers, e.g. marigold 金盏花属植物(雏菊科植物，开黄色或橙色大花朵，如万寿菊) [modern Latin diminutive of calendae (as CALENDS), perhaps = little clock]

calenture /ˈkæl(ə)ntjʊə/ n. hist.  a tropical delirium of sailors, who imagine the sea to be green fields [史义] (水手的热带)谵妄，热病 [French, from Spanish calentura ‘fever’ from calentar ‘be hot’, ultimately from Latin calēre ‘be warm’]

calf1 /kɑ:f/ n. (pl. calves /kɑ:vz/)  1 (used esp. of domestic cattle) a young bovine animal (尤指家畜)小牛，牛犊 2  the young of other animals, e.g. elephant, deer, and whale (大象、鹿、鲸鱼等的)仔，幼兽 3 Naut.  a floating piece of ice detached from an iceberg 【海】仔冰，幼冰(脱离冰山的浮冰块) □ in (or with) calf  (of a cow) pregnant (奶牛)怀了小牛的，怀孕的□ calflike  adj.   [Old English cœlf, from West Germanic]

calf2 /kɑ:f/ n. (pl. calves /kɑ:vz/)  the fleshy hind part of the human leg below the knee 腓肠(俗称腿肚) □ -calved  /kɑ:vd/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old Norse kɑˊlfi, of unknown origin]

calf-length adj. (of a garment) reaching down to the calves (衣服)齐腿肚子的

calf love n.  romantic attachment or affection between adolescents 早恋(少男少女之间浪漫的爱慕之情)

calfskin /ˈkɑ:fskin/ n.  calf leather, esp. in bookbinding and shoemaking 小牛皮，小牛皮革(尤指书本装订和制鞋用皮革)

calibrate /ˈkælibreit/ v. tr.  1  mark (a gauge) with a standard scale of readings 标定(测量仪器的)计量单位 2  correlate the readings of (an instrument) with a standard 调整，校准(仪器)，使标准化 3  determine the calibre of 测定…的口径 4  determine the correct capacity or value of 确定…的容量(或价值) □ calibrator  n.   [CALIBRE + -ATE3]

calibration /kæliˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of calibrating something 标定；校准；调整 2  each of a set of graduations on an instrument etc. 刻度

calibre /ˈkælibə, kəˈli:bə/ n. (US [美] caliber)  1  a  the internal diameter of a gun or tube (枪炮的)口径；(筒、管的)内径b  the diameter of a bullet or shell (子弹或炮弹的)直径 2  strength or quality of character; ability, importance 人格力量；品性；能力；重要性  we need someone of your calibre  我们需要一个具有你那种能力的人 □ calibred  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [French calibre or Italian calibro, from Arabic kɑˉlib ‘mould’]

caliche /kəˈli:tʃi/ n.  1  a mineral deposit of gravel, sand, and nitrates, esp. Chile saltpetre, found in dry areas of America 钙积层(尤指美洲干旱地区的智利硝石) 2  = CALCRETE  [Latin American Spanish]

calico /ˈkælikəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -oes or N. Amer. [北美] -os)  1 Brit.  a cotton cloth, esp. plain white or unbleached [英]白棉布(尤指本白或未漂白的布) 2 N. Amer.  a printed cotton fabric [北美]印花棉布 ●adj.  1  made of calico 用白棉布做的 2 N. Amer.  multicoloured, piebald [北美]杂色的，有花斑的 [earlier calicut from Calicut (now Kozhikode), a city and port in India from which the cloth was exported]

Calif. abbr.  California [缩略] (美国)加利福尼亚州

California condor  see 见 CONDOR 2 

Californian /kæliˈfɔ:niən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to California, a state on the Pacific coast of N. America 加利福尼亚(美国太平洋沿岸之一州)的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of California 加利福尼亚人

Californian poppy n.  a plant of the poppy family, Eschscholtzia californica, grown for its brilliant yellow or orange flowers 花菱草，金英花，人参花(花菱草属植物，花朵鲜艳，黄色或橙色)

californium /kæliˈfɔ:niəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from curium (symbol 符 Cf) 【化】(化学元素)锎 [California (where it was first made) + -IUM]

caliper var.  of CALLIPER  CALLIPER 的变体

caliph /ˈkeilif, ˈkæ-/ n. esp. hist.  the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad [尤史义]哈里发(穆斯林国家政教合一的领袖，被认为是穆罕默德的继承人) □ caliphate  n.   [Middle English via Old French caliphe from Arabic Kalīfa ‘successor’]

calisthenics var.  of CALLISTHENICS  CALLISTHENICS 的变体

calk US var.  of CAULK [美] CAULK 的变体

call /kɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  cry, shout; speak loudly 呼喊，喊叫；大声说出b (of a bird or animal) emit its characteristic note or cry (鸟兽)鸣，啼；吼 2 tr.  communicate or converse with by telephone or radio 打电话给；(通过广播)交谈，谈话 3 tr.  a  bring to one's presence by calling; summon 传唤，招呼  will you call the children?  你把孩子们叫来好吗？b  arrange for (a person or thing) to come or be present 请(某人)前来；安排(某物)前来  called a taxi  叫了一辆出租车 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, on) esp. Brit.  pay a brief visit [尤英]进行简短的拜访  called at the house  到家里去拜访 called in to see you  到府上去看望你 come and call on me  来看看我 5 tr.  a  order to take place; fix a time for 召集，召开  called a meeting  召开会议b  direct to happen; announce 下令；宣布  call a halt  宣布停止 6  a intr.  require one's attention or consideration 要求(注意或考虑)  duty calls  职责的召唤b tr.  urge, invite, nominate 鼓励；邀请；提名  call to the bar  给予律师资格 7 tr.  name; describe as 取名为；把…说成  call her Della  叫她德拉 8 tr.  consider; regard or estimate as 认为；看作；估计  I call that silly  我认为那样很愚蠢 9 tr.  rouse from sleep 唤醒，叫醒  call me at eight o'clock  8 点钟把我叫醒 10 intr.  guess the outcome of tossing a coin etc. 猜测(抛硬币等的)结果 11 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  order, require, demand 命令；要求  called for silence  要求肃静 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  read out (a list of names to determine those present) 点名 13 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  invoke; appeal to; request or require 恳求；号召；要求  called on us to be quiet  要求我们安静 14 tr. Cricket (of an umpire) disallow a ball from (a bowler) 【板球】(裁判员)判定进球无效 15 tr. Cards  specify (a suit or contract) in bidding 【牌戏】叫(同花色的一组)牌 16 tr. Sc.  drive (an animal, vehicle, etc.) [苏格兰]赶(动物、车等) 17 tr. (in country dancing etc.) announce (the next figure or set of steps) by shouting rhythmically (乡村舞蹈等中有节奏地)喊出(舞步的指示) ●n.  1  a shout or cry; an act of calling 呼喊，喊叫 2  a  the characteristic cry of a bird or animal (鸟兽的)鸣叫声b  an imitation of this 模仿鸟兽的叫声c  an instrument for imitating it 模仿鸟兽叫声的乐器 3  a brief visit 短暂访问，拜访  paid them a call  拜访了他们 4  a  an act of telephoning 打电话b  a telephone conversation (一次)电话，通话 5  a  an invitation or summons to appear or be present 邀请；召集；召唤b  an appeal or invitation (from a specific source or discerned by a person's conscience etc.) to follow a certain profession, set of principles, etc. 呼吁；感召 6 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  a duty, need, or occasion 职责；需要；必要  no call to be rude  没有必要粗鲁无礼 no call for violence  没有必要动武 7 (foll. by 后跟 for, on)  a demand 要求；需求  not much call for it these days  现在不怎么需要它了 a call on one's time  需要某人花费时间 8  a signal on a bugle etc.; a signalling whistle 军号声；(发信号的)哨声 9 Stock Exch.  an option of buying stock at a fixed price at a given date 【股】期权(指按规定价格在规定日期购买股票的权利) 10 Cards 【牌戏】  a  a player's right or turn to make a bid 叫牌权，吊牌权(或机会)b  a bid made 叫牌，吊牌 11 (in country dancing etc.) a direction called to the dancers (乡村舞蹈等中的)舞步指示 □ at call   = on call □ call away   divert, distract 转移，分散(某人的注意力等)□ call a person's bluff   see 见 BLUFF1 □ call down   1  invoke 恳求，祈求 2  reprimand 申斥，斥责□ call forth   elicit 引起；使产生□ call in  tr.  1  withdraw from circulation (从流通中)收回 2  seek the advice or services of 召来；召去□ call in (or into) question   dispute; doubt the validity of 争论，争吵；怀疑…的正确性□ call into play   give scope for; make use of 提供机会；利用□ call it a day   see 见 DAY □ call a person names   abuse a person verbally 谩骂某人□ call off   1  cancel (an arrangement etc.) 取消(安排等) 2  order (an attacker or pursuer) to desist 命令(进攻者或追击者)停止行动□ call of nature   a need to urinate or defecate 要小便(或大便)的感觉□ call out   1  summon (troops etc.) to action 召集(部队等)行动 2  order (workers) to strike 下令(工人)罢工□ call the shots (or tune)   be in control; take the initiative 操纵，控制；定调子；采取主动，首先采取行动□ call a spade a spade   see 见 SPADE1 □ call to account   see 见 ACCOUNT □ call to mind   recollect; cause one to remember 回忆，回想起；使…记起□ call to order   1  request to be orderly 要求保持秩序 2  declare (a meeting) open 宣布(会议)开幕□ call up   1  reach by telephone 打电话给 2  imagine, recollect 想像；回忆 3  summon, esp. to serve in the army 召集；(尤指)征召…入伍□ on call   1 (of a doctor etc.) available if required but not formally on duty (医生等)随叫随到的，听候召唤的 2 (of money lent) repayable on demand (借款)要求即付的，即期支付的□ within call   near enough to be summoned by calling 在附近(可听到呼唤的地方) [Old English ceallian from Old Norse kalla]

calla /ˈkælə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 calla lily)  = ARUM LILY  2  an aquatic plant, Calla palustris 海芋；水芋(一种水生海芋属植物) [modern Latin]

call box n. esp. Brit.  a public telephone box or kiosk [尤英]公用电话亭

call-boy n.  1  a theatre attendant who summons actors when needed on stage (到化妆间提醒演员出场的)催场员 2  a male prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone (电话应召)男妓

caller /ˈkɔ:lə/ n.  1  a person who pays a visit or makes a telephone call 拜访者；打电话者 2  a person who calls out numbers in a game, directions in a dance, etc. (游戏中)喊节拍的人；(舞蹈等中)喊口令者 3 Austral.  a racing commentator [澳]赛马(车)评论员，解说员

call-girl n.  a prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone 电话应召妓女

calligraphy /kəˈliɡrəfi/ n.  1  handwriting, esp. when fine or pleasing (尤指优美悦目的)书写 2  the art of handwriting 书法艺术 □ calligrapher  n.  □ calligraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ calligraphist  n.   [Greek kalligraphia from kallos ‘beauty’ + graphia ‘writing’]

calling /ˈkɔ:liŋ/ n.  1  a profession or occupation 职业，行业 2  an inwardly felt call or summons; a vocation (心灵深处感到的)召唤；天职

calling card n. N. Amer. [北美]  = VISITING CARD 

calliope /kəˈlaiəpi/ n.  an American keyboard instrument resembling an organ, with a set of steam whistles producing musical notes 汽笛风琴(一种类似于风琴的美国键盘乐器，由一组汽笛发出乐声) [Greek Kalliopē, the name of the Muse of epic poetry (literally ‘beautiful-voiced’)]

calliper /ˈkælipə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 caliper) ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  compasses with bowed legs for measuring the diameter of convex bodies, or with out-turned points for measuring internal dimensions 卡钳，卡尺；测径规；弯脚圆规 2 (in full 全称 calliper splint)  a metal splint to support the leg 双脚规(一种用于夹腿的金属夹) ●v. tr.  measure with callipers 用(卡钳、卡尺、测径规等)测量 [apparently variant of CALIBRE]

callisthenics /kælisˈθeniks/ n. pl. (US [美] calisthenics)  gymnastic exercises to achieve bodily fitness and grace of movement 健美操，健身操 □ callisthenic  adj.   [Greek kallos ‘beauty’ + sthenos ‘strength’]

callop /ˈkæləp/ n. Austral.  a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Plectroplites ambiguus, used as food Also called 亦称作 GOLDEN PERCH [澳]澳洲淡水岩鲈 [perhaps Aboriginal (S. Australia)]

callosity /kəˈlɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a hard thick area of skin usu. occurring in parts of the body subject to pressure or friction (通常身体某些部位因受压或摩擦而形成的)硬皮，老茧 [French callosité or Latin callositas, from callosus (as CALLUS)]

callous /ˈkæləs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unfeeling, insensitive 麻木的，无感觉的 2 (of skin) hardened or hard (皮肤)有硬皮的，长老茧的；变硬的 ●n.  = CALLUS 1  □ calloused  adj.  □ callously  adv. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)  □ callousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin callosus (as CALLUS) or French calleux]

call-out n.  an instance of being called out, esp. in order to rescue, do repairs, etc. 接到呼叫而出门；(尤指)出诊(尤指去急救)；上门维修 often 常作 attrib.: call-out charge  出诊费

call-over n. Brit. [英]  1  a roll-call 点名 2  reading aloud of a list of betting prices 大声宣读输赢赌注差额单

callow /ˈkæləʊ/ adj.  inexperienced, immature 无经验的；不成熟的 □ callowly  adv.  □ callowness  n.   [Old English calu ‘bald’ (the earliest sense, hence ‘unfledged, immature’)]

call sign n. (also 亦作 call signal)  a broadcast signal identifying the radio transmitter used (电台的)呼叫信号，呼号

calluna /kəˈlu:nə/ n.  the common heather, Calluna vulgaris, native to Europe and N. Africa 欧石南(杜鹃花科植物，原产于欧洲和北非) [modern Latin from Greek kallunō beautify from kallos ‘beauty’]

call-up n.  the act or process of calling up (see 见 call up 3) (兵役的)征召，征集

callus /ˈkæləs/ n.  1  a hard thick area of skin or tissue 硬皮，老茧 2  a hard tissue formed round bone ends after a fracture 骨痂 3 Bot.  a new protective tissue formed over a wound 【植】愈伤组织；胼胝体 [Latin callum, callus ‘hardened skin’]

calm /kɑ:m/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  tranquil, quiet, windless 宁静的，安静的；平静的，无风的  a calm sea  风平浪静的海面 a calm night  宁静的夜晚 2 (of a person or disposition) settled; not agitated (人或性情)镇静的；不激动的  remained calm throughout the ordeal  磨难中始终保持镇静 3  self-assured, confident 自信的，有信心的  his calm assumption that we would wait  他充满自信地认为我们会等待 ●n.  1  a state of being calm; stillness, serenity 镇静；安静，宁静 2  a  a period without wind or storm 平静；无风(或风暴)b Meteorol.  absence of wind, force 0 on the Beaufort scale 【气】无风，(博福特风级)零级风 3 (in pl. 用复数)  an area, esp. of the sea, with predominantly calm weather 无风带(尤指风平浪静的海区) ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  make or become calm 使平静；使宁静；使镇静 □ calmly  adv.  □ calmness  n.   [Middle English, ultimately via Late Latin cauma from Greek kauma ‘heat’ (of the day)]

calmative /ˈkɑ:mətiv, ˈkæl-/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  tending to calm or sedate 镇静的 ●n.  a calmative drug etc. 镇静剂

calomel /ˈkæləmel/ n.  mercury chloride, Hg2Cl2, a white powder formerly used as a purgative 甘汞，氯化甘汞(一种白色粉末，以前曾用作泻药) [modern Latin, perhaps from Greek kalos ‘beautiful’ + melas ‘black’, perhaps because originally obtained from a black mixture of mercury and mercuric chloride]

Calor gas /ˈkælə/ n. Brit. propr.  liquefied butane gas stored under pressure in containers for domestic use and used as a substitute for mains gas [英] [商标]卡乐燃气(一种罐装家用液化气) [Latin calor ‘heat’]

caloric /kəˈlɒrik, ˈkælərik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of heat or calories 热(量)的，(热量)卡的 ●n. hist.  a supposed material form or cause of heat [史义]热质(一种假想的生热物质) [French calorique from Latin calor ‘heat’]

calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. (also 亦作 calory) (pl. -ies) a unit of heat energy 卡路里(热量单位):  1 (in full 全称 small calorie)  the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (now usu. defined as 4.1868 joules 现通常定义为 4.1868 焦耳) (abbr. 缩略 : cal) 小卡(使 1 克水的温度上升 1 摄氏度所需的热能) 2 (in full 全称 large calorie)  the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1°C, often used to measure the energy value of foods;  also called 亦称作 kilocalorie  (abbr. 缩略 : Cal) 大卡(使 1 千克水的温度上升 1 摄氏度所需的能量，常用于测量食品的热量值) [French, an arbitrary formation from Latin calor ‘heat’ + -ie]

calorific /kæləˈrifik/ adj.  producing heat 生热的，产热的 □ calorifically  adv.   [Latin calorificus from calor ‘heat’]

calorific value n.  the amount of heat produced by a specified quantity of fuel, food, etc. (燃料、食品等)发热值，发热量

calorimeter /kæləˈrimitə/ n.  any of various instruments for measuring quantity of heat, esp. to find calorific values 热量计，量热器 □ calorimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ calorimetry  n.   [Latin calor ‘heat’ + -METER]

calory var.  of CALORIE  CALORIE 的变体

calque /kælk/ n. Philol. 【语文】  = LOAN-TRANSLATION  [French, = copy, tracing, from calquer ‘trace’, ultimately from Latin calcare ‘tread’]

caltrop /ˈkæltrəp/ n. (also 亦作 caltrap)  1 hist.  a four-spiked iron ball thrown on the ground to impede cavalry horses [史义] (用来阻挡骑兵的)铁蒺藜 2 Heraldry  a representation of this 【纹章学】铁蒺藜(图形) 3  any creeping plant of the genus Tribulus, with woody carpels usu. having hard spines 矢车菊；蒺藜；欧菱(蒺藜属蔓生植物) [(sense 3) Old English calcatrippe from medieval Latin calcatrippa: (senses 1 － 2) Middle English from Old French chauchetrape from chauchier ‘tread’, trappe ‘trap’: ultimately the same word, perhaps from Latin calx ‘heel’ + a base meaning ‘trap’ (cf. TRAP1)]

calumet /ˈkæljʊmet/ n.  a N. American Indian peace pipe (北美印第安人的)和平烟斗 [French, ultimately from Latin calamus ‘reed’ (referring to the pipe's reed stem)]

calumniate /kəˈlʌmnieit/ v. tr.  slander 诽谤，中伤 □ calumniation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ calumniator  n.  □ calumniatory  adj.   [Latin calumniari]

calumny /ˈkæləmni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  slander; malicious representation 诽谤，中伤 2  an instance of this 诽谤行为 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  slander 诽谤，中伤 □ calumnious  /kəˈlʌmniəs/ adj.   [Latin calumnia]

calvados /ˈkælvədɒs/ n.  an apple brandy 陈年苹果白兰地(产于法国诺曼底) [name of a department of Normandy, France, where it is made.]

Calvary /ˈkælv(ə)ri/ n.  the place where Christ was crucified 髑髅地(耶稣被钉死于十字架之处) [Middle English from Late Latin calvaria ‘skull’, translation of Greek golgotha, Aramaic gûlgûltɑˆ (Matthew 27:33)]

calve /kɑ:v/ v.  1  a intr.  give birth to a calf 生小牛，产犊b tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  give birth to (a calf) 生(小牛)，产(犊) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an iceberg) break off or shed (a mass of ice) (冰山)裂冰，崩解 [Old English calfian]

calves pl.  of CALF1 , CALF2 

Calvinism /ˈkælviniz(ə)m/ n.  the theology of the French theologian J. Calvin (d. 1564) or his followers, in which predestination and justification by faith are important elements 加尔文主义(法国神学家加尔文[卒于 1564 年]或其追随者的神学学说，其重要教义包括信仰上的命定论和正当论) □ Calvinist  n.  □ Calvinistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ Calvinistical  /-ˈnistik(ə)l/ adj.   [French calvinisme or modern Latin calvinismus]

calx /kælks/ n. (pl. calces /ˈkælsi:z/)  1  a powdery metallic oxide formed when an ore or mineral has been heated 金属灰，矿灰(矿石或矿物加热后产生的粉末状金属氧化物) 2  calcium oxide 氧化钙，生石灰 [Latin calx calcis ‘lime’, probably from Greek khalix ‘pebble, limestone’]

calypso /kəˈlipsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a kind of West Indian music in syncopated African rhythm, usu. improvised on a topical theme 即兴讽刺音乐(西印度群岛的一种以多切分音的非洲节奏谱成的音乐，通常由时事即兴表演) 2  a song in this style 即兴讽刺歌曲 [20th c.: origin unknown]

calyx /ˈkæliks, ˈkei-/ n. (also 亦作 calix) (pl. calyces /-lisi:z/ or calyxes)  1 Bot.  the sepals collectively, forming the protective layer of a flower in bud 【植】花萼(花蕾的保护层) 2 Biol.  any cuplike cavity or structure 【生】杯状空腔(或结构) [Latin, from Greek kalux ‘case of bud, husk’, from the base of kaluptein ‘to hide’]

calzone /kælˈtsəʊni, 意 kalˈtso:nɛ/ n. (pl. calzoni or calzones)  a type of pizza that is folded to contain a filling 半圆形烤馅饼(比萨饼的一种) [Italian dialect, probably related to calzone ‘trouser leg’]

cam /kæm/ n.  a projection on a rotating part in machinery, shaped to impart reciprocal or variable motion to the part in contact with it (机器转动部件上的)凸轮 [Dutch kam ‘comb’, as in kamrad ‘cogwheel’]

camaraderie /kæməˈrɑ:d(ə)ri, -ri:/ n.  mutual trust and sociability among friends 友谊；同志情谊 [French, from camarade COMRADE]

camarilla /kæməˈrilə, -ljə/ n.  a cabal or clique 派系，阴谋小集团 [Spanish, diminutive of camara ‘chamber’]

camber /ˈkæmbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the slightly convex or arched shape of the surface of a road, ship's deck, aircraft wing, etc. (道路、轮船甲板、飞机机翼等表面的)中凸形；反弯度，反拱 2 Brit. [英]  = BANK1n. 4a  3  the slight sideways inclination of the front wheel of a motor vehicle (汽车前轮稍微的)外倾 ●v.  1 intr. (of a surface) have a camber (表面)拱起 2 tr.  give a camber to; build with a camber 使成中凸形；使拱起 [Old French cambre ‘arched’ from Latin camurus ‘curved inwards’]

Camberwell Beauty /ˈkæmbəwel ˈbju:ti/ n. Brit.  a butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa, with deep purple yellow-bordered wings [英]黄缘蛱蝶(蛱蝶属昆虫，其翅膀为深紫色，带黄边) [named after Camberwell in London]

cambium /ˈkæmbiəm/ n. (pl. cambia /-biə/ or cambiums) Bot.  a cellular plant tissue responsible for the increase in girth of stems and roots 【植】形成层(负责植物茎干和根部的增长) □ cambial  adj.   [medieval Latin, = change, exchange]

Cambodia   柬埔寨

Cambodian /kæmˈbəʊdiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Cambodia (Kampuchea) in SE Asia 柬埔寨人b  a person of Cambodian descent 柬埔寨裔 2  the language of Cambodia 柬埔寨语 ●adj.  of or relating to Cambodia or its people or language See also 另见 KAMPUCHEAN 柬埔寨的；柬埔寨人的；柬埔寨语的

Cambrian /ˈkæmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  Welsh 威尔士的 2 Geol.  of or relating to the first period in the Palaeozoic era, marked by the occurrence of many forms of invertebrate life (including trilobites and brachiopods) 【地质】寒武纪的(古生代的第一个纪，以许多无脊椎动物的出现为标志，包括三叶虫和腕足动物) ●n.  this period or system 寒武纪；寒武系(寒武纪形成的岩石) [Latin Cambria, variant of Cumbria, from Welsh Cymry ‘Welshman’ or Cymru ‘Wales’]

cambric /ˈkæmbrik, ˈkeim-/ n.  a fine white linen or cotton fabric (白色)细麻纱，细棉纱 [Kamerijk, Flemish form of Cambrai in N. France, where it was originally made]

Cambridge blue /ˈkeimbridʒ/ n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  a pale blue 剑桥蓝(一种浅蓝色) 2  = BLUE1n. 3a  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 剑桥蓝的，浅蓝色的 [adopted by Cambridge University in S. England]

Cambs. abbr.  Cambridgeshire [缩略] (英国)剑桥郡

camcorder /ˈkæmkɔ:də/ n.  a combined video camera and video recorder 摄像放像机 [camera + recorder]

came past  of COME  

camel /ˈkæm(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a large cud-chewing mammal, domesticated in parts of Africa and Asia, with slender legs, broad cushioned feet, and either one or two fatty humps on the back See also 另见 ARABIAN CAMEL, BACTRIAN CAMEL 骆驼 2  a yellowish-fawn colour 驼色，浅棕色 3  an apparatus for providing additional buoyancy to ships etc. (为船只等提供额外浮力的)起重浮箱 ●adj.  yellowish fawn 浅黄褐色的 [Old English via Latin camelus from Greek kamēlos, of Semitic origin]

cameleer /kæməˈliə/ n.  a camel driver 赶驼人

camel-hair n. (also 亦作 camel's-hair)  1  the hair of a camel 驼毛 2  a  a fine soft hair used in artists' brushes (艺术家画笔中)细软的毛b  a fabric made of this 驼绒；驼绒织物 often 常作 attrib.: camel-hair coat  驼绒外套

camellia /kəˈmi:liə, -ˈmeliə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Camellia, native to E. Asia, with shiny leaves and showy flowers 山茶树(常青灌木，原产地为东亚，叶子有光泽，花朵艳丽) [named after J. Camellus or Kamel, 17th-c. Jesuit botanist]

camelopard /ˈkæmilə(ʊ)pɑ:d, kəˈmeləpɑ:d/ n. archaic  a giraffe [古义]驼豹(长颈鹿的旧名) [Latin camelopardus from Greek kamēlopardalis (as CAMEL, PARD)]

camelry /ˈkæm(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies)  troops mounted on camels 骆驼骑兵部队

Camembert /ˈkæmãbɛə, ˈkæməmbɛə/ n.  a kind of rich soft creamy cheese 卡芒贝尔干酪(一种法国产软干酪) [Camembert in N. France, where it was originally made]

cameo /ˈkæmiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a small piece of onyx or other hard stone carved in relief with a background of a different colour 多彩浮雕宝石b  a similar relief design using other materials (用其他材料制作的)多彩浮雕 2  a  a short descriptive literary sketch or acted scene (文学、戏剧等的)小品，片段b  a small character part in a play or film, usu. brief and played by a distinguished actor (戏剧或电影中通常由名演员饰演的简短的)小角色 [Middle English from Old French camahieu and medieval Latin cammaeus]

camera /ˈkæm(ə)rə/ n.  1  an apparatus for taking photographs, consisting of a lightproof box to hold light-sensitive film, a lens, and a shutter mechanism, either for still photographs or for motion-picture film 照相机；电影摄像机 2 Telev.  a piece of equipment which forms an optical image and converts it into electrical impulses for transmission or storage 【电视】电视摄像机 □ in camera   1 Law  in a judge's private room 【法律】在法官的私室里 2  privately; not in public 私下里；非公开地□ on camera  (esp. of an actor) being filmed or televised at a particular moment (尤指演员在特定时刻)在拍片子，在拍摄电视录像 [originally = chamber: from Latin camera ‘vault, arched chamber’ from Greek kamara]

camera lucida /ˌkæm(ə)rə ˈlu:sidə/ n. (pl. camera lucidas)  an apparatus, now often attached to a microscope, by which an image is reflected on to a screen by a prism as an aid to drawing 投影描绘器，描画镜 [Latin, = bright chamber]

cameraman /ˈkæmrəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who operates a camera professionally, esp. in film-making or television 专业摄影师(尤指电影或电视摄影师)

camera obscura /ˌkæm(ə)rə ɒbsˈkjʊərə/ n. (pl. camera obscuras)  a darkened box or room with a lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object on to a screen inside (照相机的)暗箱，暗室 [Latin, = dark chamber]

camera-ready adj. Printing (of copy) in a form suitable for immediate photographic reproduction 【印刷】(稿件)可立即拍照制版的

camerawork /ˈkæmrəwɜ:k/ n.  the technique of using cameras in films or television (电影或电视)摄影术，摄影技巧

Cameroon   喀麦隆

Cameroonian /ˌkæməˈru:niən/ adj. & n.  喀麦隆的(人)

camiknickers /ˈkæminikəz/ n. pl. Brit.  a one-piece undergarment worn by women [英]连裤女内衣 [CAMISOLE + KNICKERS]

camisole /ˈkæmisəʊl/ n.  a woman's under-bodice, usu. embroidered 背心式女内衣(通常有刺绣) [French from Italian camiciola or Spanish camisola: see CHEMISE]

camomile /ˈkæməmail/ n. (also 亦作 chamomile)  any of several aromatic plants of the daisy family with white and yellow daisy-like flowers, esp. Chamaemelum nobile 黄春菊属植物(几种有香味的雏菊科植物中的任何一种，其花白色、黄色，状如雏菊，尤指罗马洋甘菊) [Middle English via Old French camomille and Late Latin camomilla or chamomilla from Greek khamaimēlon ‘earth-apple’ (from the apple-smell of its flowers)]

camomile tea n.  an infusion of dried camomile flowers 黄春菊花茶

camouflage /ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ, -mʊf-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the disguising of military vehicles, aircraft, ships, artillery, and installations by painting them or covering them to make them blend with their surroundings (军车、飞机、轮船、大炮和装置的)伪装b  such a disguise 伪装物，伪装手段 2  the natural colouring of an animal which enables it to blend in with its surroundings (动物的)保护色 3  a misleading or evasive precaution or expedient (误导或逃避的)防备措施；权宜之计 ●v. tr.  hide or disguise by means of camouflage 伪装；隐蔽起来 [French from camoufler ‘disguise’, from Italian camuffare ‘disguise, deceive’]

camp1 /kæmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place where troops are lodged or trained 兵营，军营b  the military life 军旅生活  court and camp  宫廷与军队 2  temporary overnight lodging in tents etc. in the open (临时在野外帐篷等中过夜)露营，宿营 3  a  temporary accommodation of various kinds, usu. consisting of huts or tents, for detainees, homeless persons, and other emergency use 拘留所；难民营(受拘留者、无家可归者和其他应急所需的临时住所，通常为帐篷或小屋)b  a complex of buildings for holiday accommodation, usu. with extensive recreational facilities (通常有大量娱乐设施、供度假用的)野营，营地 4  an ancient fortified site or its remains 古垒；古垒的遗迹 5  the adherents of a particular party or doctrine regarded collectively 阵营；(某一党派或学说的)拥护者  the Labour camp was jubilant  工党阵营欢欣鼓舞 6 S. Afr.  a portion of veld fenced off for pasture on farms [南非] (草原上有围栏的)牧场 7 Austral. & NZ  an assembly place of sheep or cattle [澳新]牛(或羊)集中地 ●v. intr.  1  set up or spend time in a camp (in senses 1a and 2 of n. 用于名词释义 1a 和 2) 设营；宿营 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  lodge in temporary quarters or in the open (在临时住所或野外)暂住；露宿 3 Austral. & NZ (of sheep or cattle) flock together esp. for rest [澳新] (牛羊等)聚集到一起(尤指过夜) □ camping  n.   [French via Italian campo from Latin campus ‘level ground’]

camp2 /kæmp/ adj., n. & v. colloq. [口] ●adj.  1  affected, effeminate 忸怩的，女人气的 2  homosexual 同性恋的 3  done in an exaggerated way for effect 夸张的，做作的 ●n.  a camp manner or style 女人气的举止，做作的风格 ●v. intr. & tr.  behave or do in a camp way 举止做作，装模作样 □ camp it up   overact; behave affectedly 表演得过火；举止做作□ campy  adj. (campier, campiest)  □ campily  adv.  □ campiness  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

campaign /kæmˈpein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an organized course of action for a particular purpose, esp. to arouse public interest (e.g. before a political election) (为特定目的尤指激起公众兴趣的)运动；(政治选举前的)造势运动 2  a  a series of military operations in a definite area or to achieve a particular objective (军事行动中的)战役b  military service in the field 战场服役  on campaign  正在战场服役 ●v. intr.  conduct or take part in a campaign 指挥(或参加)运动；指挥(或参加)战役 □ campaigner  n.   [French campagne ‘open country’ via Italian campagna from Late Latin campania]

campanile /kæmpəˈni:li/ n.  a bell tower (usu. free-standing), esp. in Italy (尤指在意大利) (通常不依附于其他建筑的)钟楼 [Italian from campana ‘bell’]

campanology /kæmpəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of bells 钟学 2  the art or practice of bell-ringing 鸣钟术，鸣钟法 □ campanological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ campanologist  n.   [modern Latin campanologia from Late Latin campana ‘bell’]

campanula /kæmˈpænjʊlə/ n.  any plant of the genus Campanula, with bell-shaped usu. blue, purple, or white flowers Also called 亦称作 bellflower 风铃草，风铃草属植物(花呈铃状，通常为蓝色、紫色或白色) [modern Latin, diminutive of Latin campana ‘bell’]

campanulate /kæmˈpænjʊlət/ adj. Bot.  bell-shaped 【植】钟形的

camp bed n. Brit.  a folding portable bed of a kind used in camping [英]行军床，折叠床

Campeachy wood /kæmˈpi:tʃi/ n.  = LOGWOOD  [Campeche in Mexico, from where it was first exported]

camper /ˈkæmpə/ n.  1  a person who camps out or lives temporarily in a tent, hut, etc., esp. on holiday 野营者；营员 2  a large motor vehicle with accommodation for camping out (装备有野营用品的)野营车

campfire /ˈkæmpfaiə/ n.  an open-air fire in a camp etc. 营火，篝火

camp follower n.  1  a civilian worker in a military camp 随军杂役 2  a disciple or adherent 追随者，依附于…的人

campground /ˈkæmpɡrəʊnd/ n.  = CAMPSITE 

camphor /ˈkæmfə/ n.  a white translucent crystalline volatile substance with aromatic smell and bitter taste, used to make celluloid and in medicine 樟脑，莰酮(一种半透明晶体状白色物质，气味芳香，味苦，用于制作赛璐珞或药品) □ camphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French camphore or medieval Latin camphora from Arabic kɑˉfūr, from Sanskrit karpūram]

camphorate /ˈkæmfəreit/ v. tr.  impregnate or treat with camphor 用樟脑浸渍，用樟脑处理

campion /ˈkæmpiən/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Silene (pink family), with usu. pink or white notched flowers 剪秋罗(石竹科植物，花朵通常为白色或粉红色，呈锯齿状) 2  a similar cultivated plant of the genus Lychnis (人工培植的)剪秋罗属植物 [perhaps from obsolete campion from Old French, = CHAMPION: translation of Greek lukhnis stephanōmatikē, a plant used for (champions') garlands]

campsite /ˈkæmpsait/ n.  a place for camping 营地，宿营地

campus /ˈkæmpəs/ n. (pl. campuses)  1  the grounds and buildings of a university or college 大学(或学院)校园 2  university or college life 大学(或学院)生活 [Latin, = field]

campylobacter /ˈkæmpiləʊˌbæktə, ˌkæmpiləʊˈbæktə/ n.  a curved or spiral bacterium of the genus Campylobacter, esp. as a cause of food poisoning (尤指引起食物中毒的)弯曲(或螺旋形)杆菌属 [modern Latin, from Greek kampulos ‘bent’ + BACTERIUM]

CAMRA /ˈkæmrə/ abbr. Brit.  Campaign for Real Ale [缩略] [英]弘扬传统啤酒运动

camshaft /ˈkæmʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft with one or more cams attached to it 凸轮轴

camwood /ˈkæmwʊd/ n.  a red African wood, formerly that of the tree Baphia nitida, now usu. of the African padouk, Pterocarpus soyauxii 卡姆木(贝非属或非洲紫檀属乔木的红色木材) [perhaps from a West African word]

Can. abbr. [缩略]  Canada; Canadian 

can1 /kæn/ v. aux. (3rd sing. present can; past could /kʊd/) (foll. by 后跟 infin. without to, or absol. [含宾]; present and past only in use 仅用于现在和过去时)  1  a  be able to; know how to 能，能够，会  I can run fast; can he?  我能够跑得很快，他能吗？ can you speak German?  你会讲德语吗？b  be potentially capable of 可能，会  you can do it if you try  你尝试一下，就会做了c (in past 用过去时) colloq.  feel inclined to [口]倾向于，有…意向  I could murder him  我都有心宰了他 2  be permitted to 可以；允许…  can we go to the party?  我们可以去参加聚会吗？ [Old English cunnan ‘know’]

can2 /kæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vessel for holding liquids (盛液体的)容器 2  a tin container in which food or drink is hermetically sealed to enable storage over long periods (密封保藏食品的)马口铁罐头，听头 3 (in pl. 用复数) slang  headphones [俚语]一副耳机 4 (prec. by 前接 the) slang [俚语]  a  prison 监狱  sent to the can  被投入监狱b N. Amer.  lavatory [北美]厕所 ●v. tr. (canned, canning)  1  put or preserve in a can 装罐保存 2  record on film or tape for future use 把…灌制成唱片，为…录音 3 N. Amer. colloq.  remove; dismiss [北美口]解雇，开除  he was canned from his job  他被解雇了 □ in the can  colloq.  completed, ready (originally of filmed or recorded material) [口] (原指拍摄的或录制的材料)完毕的，完成可用的□ canner  n.   [Old English canne]

Canaan /ˈkeinən/ n.  1  a promised land (originally that west of the River Jordan, the Promised Land of the Israelites) 迦南(原在约旦河以西，为以色列人的乐土) 2  heaven 天堂，乐园 [ecclesiastical Latin via ecclesiastical Greek Khanaan from Hebrew kĕna'an]

Canaanite /ˈkeinənait/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Canaan 迦南人；迦南居民 ●adj.  of or relating to Canaan, its people, or its culture 迦南的；迦南人的；迦南文化的

Canada   加拿大

Canada balsam /ˈkænədə/ n. Biol.  a yellow resin obtained from the balsam fir and used for mounting preparations on microscope slides (its refractive index being similar to that of glass) 【生】加拿大香胶，加拿大香脂(其折射率近似于玻璃)

Canada goose /ˈkænədə/ n.  a wild goose, Branta canadensis, with brownish-grey plumage and white cheeks and breast, native to N. America 黑额黑雁(产于北美的一种黑雁属大雁，羽毛褐灰色，颈部和胸部白色)

Canadian /kəˈneidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Canada 加拿大人，加拿大居民 2  a person of Canadian descent 加拿大裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Canada 加拿大的

Canadian French n.  the French language as used by French Canadians (法裔加拿大人使用的)加拿大法语

Canadian pondweed n.  an invasive American aquatic plant of the frogbit family, Elodea canadensis, naturalized in Europe and grown in aquaria 加拿大水池草(美洲一种扩散能力很强的水鳌科植物，现已移植欧洲)

canaille /kəˈnɑ:i, 法 kanaj/ n.  the rabble; the populace 乌合之众，暴民；平民，百姓 [French, from Italian canaglia ‘pack of dogs’ from cane ‘dog’]

canal /kəˈnæl/ n.  1  an artificial waterway for inland navigation or irrigation 运河 2  any of various tubular ducts in a plant or animal, for carrying food, liquid, or air (动植物体内的)管，道 3 Astron.  any of a number of spurious linear markings formerly reported as seen by telescope on the planet Mars but now thought to have arisen from eye or lens defects 【天】火星运河(从前有人用望远镜观测到的火星表面上细长的痕迹，现在认为是眼睛或镜头的缺陷造成的) [Middle English via Old French (earlier chanel) from Latin canalis or (in sense 3 directly) from Italian canale ‘channel’]

canal boat n.  a long narrow boat for use on canals (狭长的)运河船

canalize /ˈkæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make a canal through 开凿运河 2  convert (a river) into a canal 把(河流)改造成运河 3  provide with canals (通过运河)提供 4  give the desired direction or purpose to 疏导；把…纳入某种轨道 □ canalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French canaliser: see CANAL]

canapé /ˈkænəpei, -pi/ n.  1  a small piece of bread or pastry with a savoury on top, often served as an hors d'oeuvre (涂有开胃菜的)餐前开胃面包，油酥点心 2  a sofa 沙发 [French]

canard /kəˈnɑ:d, ˈkænɑ:d/ n.  1  an unfounded rumour or story 谣言，虚假报道 2  an extra surface attached to an aeroplane forward of the main lifting surface, for extra stability or control (鸭式飞机的)水平安定面及升降舵 [French, = duck, hoax, from Old French caner ‘to quack’]

Canarese var.  of KANARESE  KANARESE 的变体

canary /kəˈnɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of various small finches of the genus Serinus, esp. S. canaria, a songbird native to the Canary Islands, with mainly yellow plumage, often kept as a cage bird 金丝雀，加那利丝雀(雀属鸣鸟，原产地南加那利群岛，羽毛以黄色为主，常为笼养鸟) 2 hist.  a sweet wine from the Canary Islands [史义] (产于非洲加那利群岛的)加那利甜酒 [Old Spanish canario ‘of or from the Canary Islands’ off the west coast of Africa]

canary-coloured adj.  canary yellow in colour 淡黄色的

canary creeper n.  a climbing plant, Tropaeolium peregrinum, having flowers with bright yellow deeply toothed petals which give the appearance of a small bird in flight 五裂叶金莲花(金莲花属攀缘植物，花朵为鲜黄色，花瓣上有很深的锯口，看上去像飞行的小鸟)

canary grass n.  a tall grass of the genus Phalaris, esp. P. canariensis of NW Africa and the Canary Islands, grown for birdseed 卡内里草芦(产于西北非洲和加那利群岛，其籽可作鸟食)

canary yellow n. & adj. ●n.  a bright yellow colour 鲜黄色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 鲜黄色的

canasta /kəˈnæstə/ n.  1  a card game using two packs and resembling rummy, the aim being to collect sets (or melds) of cards 凯那斯特纸牌戏(用两副纸牌进行，与拉米纸牌戏相似) 2  a set of seven cards in this game (凯那斯特纸牌戏中可赢分的)一套七张牌 [Spanish, = basket]

canaster /kəˈnæstə/ n.  tobacco made from coarsely broken dried leaves 粗烟草 [Spanish canastro ‘basket’ (used to pack tobacco) from medieval Latin: related to CANISTER]

Canberra /ˈkænbərə/ n.  堪培拉 [澳大利亚首都]

cancan /ˈkænkæn/ n.  a lively stage-dance with high kicking, performed by women in long skirts and petticoats 坎坎舞，康康舞(一种欢快的舞台舞蹈，女演员身穿肥大的裙子，以掀裙高踢腿为特征) [French]

cancel /ˈkæns(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. (cancelled, cancelling; US also [美亦] canceled, canceling)  1 tr.  a  withdraw or revoke (a previous arrangement) 取消(预定的安排)，撤消b  discontinue (an arrangement in progress) 终止(正在进行中的活动) 2 tr.  obliterate or delete (writing etc.) 删去，划掉(文字等) 3 tr.  mark or pierce (a ticket, stamp, etc.) to invalidate it 盖销(票证、邮票等) 4 tr.  annul; make void; abolish 废除，废止 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a tr. (of one factor or circumstance) neutralize or counterbalance (another) (一种因素或情况)抵消(另一种)b intr. (of two factors or circumstances) neutralize each other (两种因素或情况)互相抵消，对消 6 tr. Math.  strike out (an equal factor) on each side of an equation or from the numerator and denominator of a fraction 【数】相约，相消 ●n.  1  a countermand 收回成命，撤消命令 2  the cancellation of a postage stamp 盖销邮票 3 Printing  a new page or section inserted in a book to replace the original text, usu. to correct an error 【印刷】修版，经修正的版面 4 US Mus. [美]【音】  = NATURALn. 3a  □ canceller  n.   [Middle English via French canceller from Latin cancellare, from cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancellate /ˈkæns(ə)lət/ adj. (also 亦作 cancellated /-leitid/) Biol. 【生】  1  marked with crossing lines 网状的；网状结构的 2  = CANCELLOUS  [Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancellation /kænsəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. (US also [美亦] cancelation)  1  the act or an instance of cancelling or being cancelled 取消，注销；作废，废除；删去，划掉 2  something that has been cancelled, esp. a booking or reservation 被取消的事物(尤指预订座位、房间、车船票等) [Latin cancellatio (as CANCEL)]

cancellous /ˈkæns(ə)ləs/ adj. (of a bone) having pores (指骨头)多孔的，海绵状的 [Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

cancer /ˈkænsə/ n.  1  a  any malignant growth or tumour from an abnormal and uncontrolled division of body cells 恶性肿瘤，癌b  a disease caused by this 癌症 2  an evil influence or corruption spreading uncontrollably (任意扩散的)邪恶影响；腐败现象；弊端 3 (作 Cancer)  a Astron.  a constellation (the Crab), said to represent a crab crushed under the foot of Hercules 【天】巨蟹(星)座b Astrol.  the fourth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the summer solstice (about 21 June) 【占】巨蟹宫(黄道第 4 宫，太阳于夏至(约 6 月 21 日)进入该位置)c Astrol.  a person born when the sun is in this sign 【占】出生于巨蟹宫时段的人 □ tropic of Cancer   see 见 TROPIC n. 1 □ Cancerian  /-ˈsiəriən, -ˈsɛəriən/ n. & adj. (in sense 3b, c 用于释义 3b 和 c)  □ cancerous  adj.   [Middle English from Latin, = crab, cancer: related to Greek karkinos]

cancer stick n. slang  a cigarette [俚语]香烟

cancroid /ˈkæŋkrɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crablike 蟹样的 2  resembling cancer 癌样的 ●n.  a disease resembling cancer 角化癌

candela /kænˈdelə, -ˈdi:lə, ˈkændilə/ n.  the SI unit of luminous intensity (abbr. 缩略 : cd) 堪德拉，新烛光(发光强度单位) [Latin, = candle]

candelabrum /kændiˈlɑ:brəm, -ˈlei-/ n. (also 亦作 candelabra /-brə/) (pl. candelabra, candelabras; US also [美亦] candelabrums)  a large branched candlestick or lamp holder 大枝形烛台；大枝形吊灯 [Latin from candela CANDLE]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly speaking, candelabra is the plural of candelabrum and is best kept so in written English. Candelabra (singular) and candelabras (plural) are often found in informal use, while in American English candelabrums (plural) is also used. 严格地说， candelabra 是 candelabrum 的复数形式，在书面英语中最好这样使用。 candelabra (单数)和 candelabras (复数)常用于非正式用法，而在美国英语中也使用 candelabrums (复数)形式。 

candelabrum tree n.  a tropical E. African tree, Euphorbia candelabrum, with foliage shaped like a candelabrum 非洲露兜树，灯台大戟(产于热带非洲，叶子呈灯台状)

Candice /ˈkændis/   坎迪斯 [人名]

candid /ˈkændid/ adj.  1  frank; not hiding one's thoughts 坦率的，直言不讳的 2 (of a photograph) taken informally, usu. without the subject's knowledge (照片)姿势自然随便的(通常乘人不备时拍摄的) □ candidly  adv.  □ candidness  n.   [in earlier use ‘white’, hence ‘pure, clear, ingenuous’: French candide or Latin candidus ‘white’]

candida /ˈkændidə/ n.  any yeastlike parasitic fungus of the genus Candida, esp. C. albicans, which causes thrush 假丝酵母 [modern Latin, fem. of Latin candidus: see CANDID]

candidate /ˈkændideit, -dət/ n.  1  a person who seeks or is nominated for an office, award, etc. (职位、获奖资格等的)候选人 2  a person or thing likely to gain some distinction or position 可能获得某种荣誉的人(或物)；可能获得某个职务的人 3  a person entered for an examination 报考者，投考者 □ candidacy  n.  □ candidature  n. Brit. [英]   [French candidat or Latin candidatus ‘white-robed’ (Roman candidates wore white)]

candid camera n.  a small camera for taking informal photographs of people, often without their knowledge 微型照相机，快照照相机(因常用来拍快照或偷拍照片而得名)

candle /ˈkænd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick, for giving light when burning 蜡烛 2  = CANDLEPOWER  ●v. tr.  test (an egg) for freshness or fertility by holding it to the light 对光检查(鸡蛋是否新鲜或能孵化出小鸡) □ cannot hold a candle to   cannot be compared with; is much inferior to 无法与…媲美；远远次于…□ not worth the candle   not justifying the cost or trouble 不值得，不划算□ candler  n.   [Old English candel from Latin candela, from candēre ‘to shine’]

candleholder /ˈkænd(ə)lˌhəʊldə/ n.  = CANDLESTICK 

candlelight /ˈkænd(ə)llait/ n.  1  light provided by candles 烛光 2  dusk 黄昏，薄暮 □ candlelit  adj.  

Candlemas /ˈkænd(ə)lmæs, -məs/ n.  a Christian feast with blessing of candles (2 Feb.), commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of Christ in the Temple 圣烛节，圣母行洁净礼日 (2 月 2 日，纪念圣母玛丽产后净秽携耶稣前往圣殿) [Old English Candelmœsse (as CANDLE, MASS)]

candlepower /ˈkænd(ə)lpaʊə/ n.  a unit of luminous intensity 旧烛光，标准烛光(发光强度单位)

candlestick /ˈkænd(ə)lstik/ n.  a holder for one or more candles 蜡扦，烛扦

candlewick /ˈkænd(ə)lwik/ n.  1  a thick soft cotton yarn 灯芯纱 2  material made from this, usu. with a tufted pattern (通常有簇饰图案的)灯芯纱制品

can-do attrib. adj.  designating a determination or willingness to achieve something 能够…的，有成功决心(或意愿)的  the American can-do philosophy  美国人的“我能行”哲学

candour /ˈkændə/ n. (US [美] candor)  candid behaviour or action; frankness 坦诚的行为；坦率，直言 [French candeur or Latin candor ‘whiteness’: for the development of meaning in English see CANDID]

candy /ˈkændi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in full 全称 sugar-candy) Brit.  sugar crystallized by repeated boiling and slow evaporation [英]冰糖 2 N. Amer.  sweets; a sweet [北美]糖果 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 candied adj.)  preserve by coating and impregnating with a sugar syrup (覆盖或浸渍糖汁)保存  candied fruit  果脯 [French sucre candi ‘crystallized sugar’ from Arabic kand ‘sugar’]

candy apple n. N. Amer. [北美]  = TOFFEE APPLE 

candyfloss /ˈkændiflɒs/ n. Brit.  a fluffy mass of spun sugar wrapped round a stick [英]棉花糖

candy stripe /ˈkændistraip/ n.  a pattern consisting of alternate stripes of white and a colour (usu. pink) 条纹图案(多为白色和粉红色相间的条纹) □ candy-striped  adj.  

candytuft /ˈkænditʌft/ n.  any of various cruciferous plants of the genus Iberis, native to W. Europe, with white, pink, or purple flowers in tufts 伞形屈曲花(屈曲花属植物，产于西欧，开白、粉红或紫色花簇) [Candy, obsolete form of Candia ‘Crete’ + TUFT]

cane /kein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the hollow jointed stem of giant reeds or grasses 芦竹或禾本植物细长而有节的茎  bamboo cane  竹竿b  the solid stem of slender palms (细长的)棕榈树主茎  malacca cane  马六甲白藤 2  = SUGAR CANE  3  a raspberry cane 悬钩子灌木的主茎 4  material of cane used for wickerwork etc. (编织用)竹料，藤条 5  a  a cane used as a walking stick or a support for a plant or an instrument of punishment 竹竿；笞杖，笞条b  any slender walking stick 手杖，竹杖，拐杖； ●v. tr.  1  beat with a cane 用笞杖打 2  weave cane into (a chair etc.) 用藤条编制(藤椅等) □ caner  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ caning  n.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin canna from Greek kanna]

cane-brake n. N. Amer.  a tract of land overgrown with canes [北美]密布甘蔗丛(或竹丛、藤丛)的地区

cane chair n.  a chair with a seat made of woven cane strips 藤椅，藤座椅

cane sugar n.  sugar obtained from sugar cane 蔗糖

cane toad n.  a large brown toad, Bufo marinus, native to tropical America and introduced elsewhere originally for pest control 蔗田蟾蜍(原产于热带美洲，为控制虫害而引入世界各地)

cane-trash  see 见 TRASH n. 5 

canine /ˈkeinain, ˈkæ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of a dog or dogs 犬的 2  of or belonging to the family Canidae, including dogs, wolves, foxes, etc. 犬科的，属于犬科的(包括狗、狼、狐狸等) ●n.  1  a dog 犬 2 (in full 全称 canine tooth)  a pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars 犬齿，犬牙 [Middle English from French canin(e) or from Latin caninus, from canis ‘dog’]

canister /ˈkænistə/ n.  1  a small container, usu. of metal and cylindrical, for storing tea etc. 小罐，小盒(通常为圆筒状金属容器，用来装茶、咖啡等) 2  a  a cylinder of shot, tear gas, etc., that explodes on impact 榴霰弹筒(内装弹丸或催泪气体，命中时便爆炸)b  such cylinders collectively (总称)榴霰弹 [Latin canistrum from Greek kanastron ‘wicker basket’, from kanna CANE]

canker /ˈkæŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a destructive fungal disease of trees and plants (树木和植物的)溃疡病b  an open wound in the stem of a tree or plant (树干或植物茎上的)伤口 2 Zool.  an ulcerous ear disease of animals, esp. cats and dogs 【动】(尤指猫和狗的)耳部溃疡病 3 Med.  an ulceration esp. of the lips 【医】(坏疽性)溃疡，(尤)口疮 4  a corrupting influence 腐蚀，感染 ●v. tr.  1  consume with canker 使患溃疡 2  corrupt 腐蚀，腐烂 3 (as 作 cankered adj.)  soured, malignant, crabbed 溃烂的；恶性的；恶毒的 □ cankerous  adj.   [Middle English via Old Northern French cancre, Old French chancre from Latin cancer ‘crab’]

cankerworm /ˈkæŋkəwɜ:m/ n.  any caterpillar of various wingless moths which consume the buds and leaves of shade and fruit trees in N. America 尺蠖(北美无翅蛾类的幼虫，以遮荫树及果树的芽和叶为食)

canna /ˈkænə/ n.  any tropical plant of the genus Canna with bright flowers and ornamental leaves 美人蕉属植物(产于热带，其花色彩艳丽，叶子具装饰性) [Latin: see CANE]

cannabinol /ˈkænəbinɒl, kəˈnæb-/ n. Chem.  a crystalline phenol whose derivatives, esp. THC, are the active principles of cannabis 【化】大麻醇，大麻酚(一种晶状酚，其衍生物，尤指四氢大麻酚，是大麻制剂的有效成分) [CANNABIS + -OL1]

cannabis /ˈkænəbis/ n.  1  a hemp plant of the genus Cannabis, esp. Indian hemp 大麻(尤指印度大麻) 2  a preparation of parts of this used as an intoxicant or hallucinogen (用作致醉剂或幻觉剂的)大麻制剂 [Latin from Greek]

cannabis resin n.  a sticky product containing the active principles of cannabis, esp. from the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant (尤指从大麻雌株花头中提取的)大麻脂

canned /kænd/ adj.  1  pre-recorded (唱片)预先灌制的，(录音或录像)预先录制的  canned laughter  预先录音的笑声 canned music  唱片音乐 2  supplied in a can 罐装的，听装的  canned beer  罐装啤酒 3 slang  drunk [俚语]醉酒的

cannel /ˈkæn(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 cannel coal)  a bituminous coal burning with a bright flame 烛煤(一种燃火明亮的烟煤，故名) [16th c.: originally northern English]

cannelloni /kænəˈləʊni/ n. pl.  tubes or rolls of pasta stuffed with a meat or vegetable mixture 肉馅(或菜馅)面卷(一种意大利点心) [Italian from cannello ‘stalk’]

cannelure /ˈkæn(ə)ljʊə/ n.  the groove round a bullet etc. 弹壳槽线；(物体表面的)沟槽 [French from canneler, from canne ‘reed, CANE’]

cannery /ˈkænəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a factory where food is canned 罐头食品厂

cannibal /ˈkænib(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who eats human flesh 食人肉者，食人生番 2  an animal that feeds on flesh of its own species 同类相食的动物 ●adj.  of or like a cannibal 食人生番的；同类相食的 □ cannibalism  n.  □ cannibalistic  /-bəˈlistik/ adj.  □ cannibalistically  /-bəˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [originally pl. Canibales from Spanish: variant of Caribes, the name of a West Indian nation]

cannibalize /ˈkænib(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  use (a machine etc.) as a source of spare parts for others 拆取(机器等)可用部件，为修配而拆取部件 □ cannibalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

cannikin /ˈkænikin/ n.  a small can 小罐，小杯 [Dutch kanneken (as CAN2, -KIN)]

cannon /ˈkænən/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (pl. usu. same 通常单复同) hist.  a large heavy gun installed on a carriage or mounting [史义] (装在炮车或炮台上的)大炮，火炮，加农炮 2  an automatic aircraft gun firing shells (飞机上的自动)机关炮 3 Brit. Billiards  the hitting of two balls successively by the cue ball [英]【台球】(双球)连击 4 Mech.  a hollow cylinder moving independently on a shaft 【机】空心轴 5 (in full 全称 cannon bit)  a smooth round bit for a horse (马的)圆辔 ●v. intr. Brit. [英]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, into)  collide heavily or obliquely (猛烈)相撞，碰撞 2 Billiards  make a cannon shot 【台球】(双球)连击 [French canon via Italian cannone ‘large tube’ from canna CANE: in Billiards sense from older CAROM]

cannonade /kænəˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  a period of continuous heavy gunfire (连续的)炮轰，炮击 ●v. tr.  bombard with a cannonade 炮轰，炮击 [French from Italian cannonata]

cannon ball n. hist.  a large usu. metal ball fired by a cannon [史义]炮弹

cannon-bone n.  the tubular bone between the hock and fetlock of a horse 炮骨(马的膝与生距毛的球关节之间的长骨)

cannon fodder n.  soldiers regarded merely as material to be expended in war 炮灰(指在战争中被视为消耗品或牺牲品的士兵)

cannot /ˈkænɒt, kæˈnɒt/ v. aux.  can not 不能够，不可以

cannula /ˈkænjʊlə/ n. (pl. cannulae /-li:, -lai/ or cannulas) Surgery  a small tube for inserting into the body to allow fluid to enter or escape 【外科】(插入体内让流体进入或排出的)套管，插管 [Latin, diminutive of canna ‘cane’]

cannulate /ˈkænjʊleit/ v. tr. Surgery  introduce a cannula into 【外科】插套管于，装插管于

canny /ˈkæni/ adj. (cannier, canniest)  1  a  shrewd, worldly-wise 精明的，机灵的；善于处世的b  thrifty 节约的，节俭的c  circumspect 谨慎小心的；考虑周到的 2  sly, drily humorous 狡猾的，奸诈的；幽默的 3 Sc. & N. Engl.  pleasant, agreeable [苏格兰和英格兰北部]令人愉快的，惬意的 □ cannily  adv.  □ canniness  n.   [CAN1 (in sense ‘know’) + -Y1]

canoe /kəˈnu:/ n. & v. ●n.  a small narrow boat with pointed ends usu. propelled by paddling (狭长头尖的)小划子，独木舟 ●v. intr. (canoes, canoed, canoeing)  travel in a canoe 乘坐小划子 □ canoeist  n.   [Spanish canoa via Arawak from Carib canaoua]

can of worms n. colloq.  a complicated matter, likely to prove problematic or scandalous [口]复杂的问题，棘手的事情

canon /ˈkænən/ n.  1  a  a general law, rule, principle, or criterion 准则，规则，原则，标准b  a Church decree or law 教令；教规 2  a  a member of a cathedral chapter 大教堂教士b (fem. canoness /-nis/)  a member of certain RC orders (天主教某教士团)成员 3  a  a collection or list of literary works, esp. of sacred books etc. accepted as genuine (文学)经典名篇；真经(尤指被认可为正宗的宗教经典书目等)b  the recognized genuine works of a particular author; a list of these (某作家的)真作全集；真作书目 4  the part of the Roman Catholic Mass containing the words of consecration (罗马天主教弥撒的)祝圣词，祭献经文部分 5 Mus.  a piece with different parts taking up the same theme successively, either at the same or at a different pitch 【音】卡农(一种复调音乐的写作技法)，卡农曲 [Old English via Latin from Greek kanōn, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French & Old French canun, -on; in sense 2 Middle English via Old French canonie from ecclesiastical Latin canonicus: cf. CANONICAL]

canonic /kəˈnɒnik/ adj.  = CANONICALadj.  [Old English via Old French canonique or Latin canonicus from Greek kanonikos, from kanon ‘rule’]

canonical /kəˈnɒnik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  according to or ordered by canon law 按照教规的；教规规定的b  included in the canon of Scripture 见于《圣经》经典书目的 2  authoritative, standard, accepted 权威性的；标准的；公认的 3  of a cathedral chapter or a member of it 大教堂教士的 4 Mus.  in canon form 【音】卡农曲的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the canonical dress of the clergy (教规规定的)神职人员服装 □ canonically  adv.   [medieval Latin canonicalis (as CANONIC)]

canonical hours n. pl. Eccl. 【教会】  1  the times of daily prayer appointed in the breviary, or the offices set for them (天主教会每天的)祈祷时间；祈祷 2 (in the Church of England) the time during which a marriage may lawfully be celebrated (usu. between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.) (英国国教会)教会婚礼法定时间(通常指上午 8 点至下午 6 点之间)

canonicate /kəˈnɒnikət/ n.  = CANONRY 

canonicity /kænəˈnisiti/ n.  the status of being canonical 列入《圣经》正经篇目的资格 [Latin canonicus ‘canonical’]

canonist /ˈkænənist/ n.  an expert in canon law 精通宗教法规者，宗教法规学者 [Middle English from French canoniste or from medieval Latin canonista: see CANON]

canonize /ˈkænənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  declare officially to be a saint, usu. with a ceremony 正式封…为圣者(通常举行一个仪式)b  regard as a saint 把…看作圣者 2  admit to the canon of Scripture 把…载入《圣经》正经篇目 3  sanction by Church authority (教会当局)批准，认可 □ canonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin canonizare: see CANON]

canon law n.  ecclesiastical law 教会法规

canon regular (also 亦作 regular canon)  see 见 REGULAR adj. 9b 

canonry /ˈkænənri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the office or benefice of a canon 教士(或牧师)职位，教士(或牧师)圣俸

canoodle /kəˈnu:d(ə)l/ v. intr. colloq.  kiss and cuddle amorously [口]亲吻；搂抱，爱抚 [19th-c. US: origin unknown]

can-opener n.  a device for opening cans of food etc. 罐头开听刀，罐头起子

Canopic jar /kəˈnəʊpik/ n. (also 亦作 Canopic vase)  an urn used for holding the entrails of an embalmed body in an ancient Egyptian burial 礼葬瓮(古埃及用来盛放已制成木乃伊的死人的内脏的器皿，与木乃伊一起下葬) [Latin Canopicus from Canopus, a town in ancient Egypt]

canopy /ˈkænəpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a covering hung or held up over a throne, bed, person, etc. (宝座、床、人等上方的)华盖，罩篷b  the sky 天穹，天空c  an overhanging shelter 顶篷，天篷 2 Archit.  a rooflike projection over a niche etc. 【建】(壁龛上方)探出的檐子 3  the uppermost layers of foliage etc. in a forest (森林里)树冠层 4  a  the expanding part of a parachute (降落伞的)伞衣b  the cover of an aircraft's cockpit (飞机的)座舱盖 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  supply or be a canopy to 用天篷(顶篷)遮盖；遮掩；笼罩 [Middle English via medieval Latin canopeum and Latin conopeum from Greek kōnōpeion ‘couch with mosquito-curtains’, from kōnōps ‘gnat’]

canorous /kəˈnɔ:rəs/ adj.  melodious, resonant 音调悦耳的，旋律优美的 [Latin canorus from canere ‘sing’]

canst /kænst/ archaic [古义] 2nd person sing.  of CAN1 

Cant. abbr.  Canticles (Old Testament) [缩略]赞美诗，圣歌(《圣经·旧约》)

can't /kɑ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  can not 

cant1 /kænt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  insincere pious or moral talk 言不由衷的话；伪善的言词 2  ephemeral or fashionable catchwords 短时流行的口号；时髦的套语 3  language peculiar to a class, profession, sect, etc.; jargon (某个阶层或职业的)行业术语，行话；黑话 ●v. intr.  use cant 使用术语(或行话)；讲黑话 [earlier of musical sound, of intonation, and of beggars' whining; perhaps from the singing of religious mendicants: probably from Latin canere ‘sing’]

cant2 /kænt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a slanting surface, e.g. of a bank 斜边；斜面(如河岸的斜面)b  a bevel of a crystal etc. (晶体等的)斜面；斜角 2  an oblique push or movement that upsets or partly upsets something (使某物倾斜或翻倒的)倾斜移动(或推动) 3  a tilted or sloping position 倾斜位置 ●v.  1 tr.  push or pitch out of level; tilt 推倾斜；使倾覆；斜着抛出 2 intr.  take or lie in a slanting position 倾斜；倾覆 3 tr.  impart a bevel to 使具有斜面；斜切 4 intr. Naut.  swing round 【海】偏离规定航向 [Middle English from Middle Low German kant, kante, Middle Dutch cant, ‘point, side, edge’, ultimately from Latin cant(h)us ‘iron tire’]

Cantab /ˈkæntæb/ abbr.  of C ambridge University [缩略]剑桥大学的 [Latin Cantabrigiensis]

cantabile /kænˈtɑ:bili/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a smooth singing style 流畅的(地)；歌唱般的(地) ●n.  a cantabile passage or movement 流畅的乐段；流畅的乐章 [Italian, = singable]

Cantabrigian /kæntəˈbridʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Cambridge or Cambridge University 剑桥的；剑桥大学的 ●n.  1  a member of Cambridge University 剑桥大学学生(或毕业生) 2  a native of Cambridge 剑桥人(或居民) [Latin Cantabrigia ‘Cambridge’]

cantal /ˈkæntɑ:l/ n.  a type of hard strong French cheese 法国硬干酪 [Cantal, a department of Auvergne, France, where it is made]

cantaloupe /ˈkæntəlu:p/ n. (also 亦作 cantaloup)  a small round ribbed variety of melon with orange flesh 罗马甜瓜 [French cantaloup from Cantaluppi near Rome, where it was first grown in Europe]

cantankerous /kænˈtæŋk(ə)rəs/ adj.  bad-tempered, quarrelsome 脾气坏的，爱争吵的 □ cantankerously  adv.  □ cantankerousness  n.   [perhaps from Irish cant ‘outbidding’ + rancorous]

cantata /kænˈtɑ:tə/ n. Mus.  a short narrative or descriptive composition with vocal solos and usu. chorus and orchestral accompaniment 【音】康塔塔(由独唱演员演唱，通常有合唱伴唱、管弦乐队伴奏的短小音乐作品) [Italian cantata (aria) ‘sung(air)’ from cantare ‘sing’]

cant-dog n.  an iron hook at the end of a long handle, used for rolling logs (滚动圆木时用的)搬钩；木杆钩

canteen /kænˈti:n/ n.  1  a  a restaurant for employees in an office or factory etc. (机关或工厂等的)职工食堂b  a shop selling provisions or liquor in a barracks or camp (营房或营地的)食品小卖部；酒吧 2 Brit.  a case or box of cutlery [英]餐具盒；炊具箱 3  a soldier's or camper's water-flask or set of eating or drinking utensils (士兵或野营者的)水壶；饮水用具 [French cantine from Italian cantina ‘cellar’]

canter /ˈkæntə/ n. & v. ●n.  a gentle gallop (马的)慢跑 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) go at a canter (马)慢跑；(骑手)骑马慢跑 2 tr.  make (a horse) canter 驱马慢跑 □ in a canter  Brit.  easily [英]轻而易举地  win in a canter  轻易取胜 [short for Canterbury pace, from the supposed easy pace of medieval pilgrims to Canterbury in Kent]

canterbury /ˈkæntəb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a piece of furniture with partitions for holding music etc. 分层书架；分层乐谱架 [named after Canterbury in Kent]

Canterbury bell /ˈkæntəb(ə)ri/ n.  a cultivated campanula with large flowers 风铃草(一种人工栽培的花朵很大的风铃草属植物) [after the bells on Canterbury pilgrims' horses: see CANTER]

cantharides /kænˈθæridi:z/ n. pl.  = SPANISH FLY 2  [Latin, from Greek kantharis ‘Spanish fly’]

cant-hook n.  = CANT-DOG 

canthus /kænθəs/ n. (pl. canthi /-θai/)  the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the upper and lower lids meet 眦，眼角 [Latin from Greek kanthos]

canticle /ˈkæntik(ə)l/ n.  1  a hymn or chant usu. with a biblical text, forming a regular part of a church service 赞美诗，圣歌(内容通常取自《圣经》，为礼拜仪式的一个组成部分) 2 (作 Canticles) (also 亦作 Canticle of Canticles)  the Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》 [Middle English from Old French canticle (variant of cantique) or Latin canticulum, diminutive of canticum, from canere ‘sing’]

cantilena /kæntiˈleinə, -ˈli:nə/ n. Mus.  a simple or sustained melody 【音】多次重复的单一旋律(曲调) [Italian]

cantilever /ˈkæntili:və/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long bracket or beam etc. projecting from a wall to support a balcony etc. (自墙壁伸出以支撑阳台等的)托架，伸臂 2  a beam or girder fixed at only one end (一端固定的)大梁；悬臂梁 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  project as a cantilever (如悬臂)向外伸出 2 tr.  support by a cantilever or cantilevers 由伸臂(或悬臂)支撑 [17th c.: origin unknown]

cantilever bridge n.  a bridge made of cantilevers projecting from the piers and connected by girders 悬臂桥(由桥墩伸出两根悬臂，中间用横梁连接)

cantillate /ˈkæntileit/ v. tr. & intr.  chant or recite with musical tones (有节奏地)吟咏，吟诵 □ cantillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin cantillare ‘sing low’: see CHANT]

cantina /kænˈti:nə/ n.  a bar room or wine shop 小酒馆，酒店，酒吧 [Spanish & Italian]

canting arms n. pl. Heraldry  arms containing an allusion to the name of the bearer 【纹章学】以图案代姓氏的纹章 [CANT1, in the obsolete dialect sense ‘speak, say’]

canto /ˈkæntəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a division of a long poem 诗章(长诗的一个篇章) [Italian, = song, from Latin cantus]

canton n. & v. ●n.  1 /ˈkæntɒn/  a  a subdivision of a country 小行政区b  a state of the Swiss Confederation (瑞士联邦的)州 2 /ˈkænt(ə)n/ Heraldry  a square division, less than a quarter, in the upper (usu. dexter) corner of a shield 【纹章学】盾面右上角的方形部位 ●v. tr.  1 /kænˈtu:n/ Brit.  put (troops) into quarters [英]使(部队)驻扎下来 2 /kænˈtɒn/  divide into cantons 把…划分成小行政区 □ cantonal  /ˈkæntən(ə)l, kænˈtɒn(ə)l/ adj.   [Old French, = corner, ultimately from Latin cantus (see CANT2): the verb also partly from French cantonner]

Cantonese /kæntəˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of Canton or the Cantonese dialect of Chinese 广州的；广州(广东)方言的；粤语的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of Canton 广州人 2  the dialect of Chinese spoken in SE China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 广东话；粤语(中国东南部地区及香港特别行政区方言) [Canton, the English name of the city of Guangzhou in China]

cantonment /kænˈtɒnm(ə)nt, -ˈtu:n-/ n.  1  a lodging assigned to troops (军队的)驻地，营房 2 hist.  a permanent military station in India [史义] (旧时英军驻印度的)永久性兵站 [French cantonnement: see CANTON]

cantor /ˈkæntɔ:, -ə/ n.  1  the leader of the singing in church; a precentor (教堂内唱诗班的)领唱者；领诵人 2  the precentor in a synagogue (犹太教堂的)祈祷领诵人 [Latin, = singer from canere ‘sing’]

cantorial /kænˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to the cantor 领唱者的；领诵人的 2  of the north side of the choir in a church, the side on which the cantor sits (cf. 参见 DECANAL 2) 教堂唱诗班北侧的，领唱位置的

cantoris /kænˈtɔ:ris/ adj. Mus.  to be sung by the cantorial side of the choir in antiphonal singing (cf. 参见 DECANI) 【音】(应答轮唱中)由唱诗班北侧唱的 [Latin, genitive of CANTOR]

cantrail /ˈkæntreil/ n. Brit.  a timber etc. support for the roof of a railway carriage [英] (火车车厢的)上侧梁 [CANT2 + RAIL1]

cantrip /ˈkæntrip/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a witch's trick (巫术中的)咒语，魔法 2  a piece of mischief; a playful act 恶作剧，玩笑 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Canuck /kəˈnʌk/ n. & adj. esp. Canad. colloq. [尤加口] ●n.  a Canadian 加拿大人 ●adj.  Canadian 加拿大的；加拿大人的 [apparently from Canada]

canvas /ˈkænvəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a strong coarse kind of cloth made from hemp or flax or other coarse yarn and used for sails and tents etc. and as a surface for oil painting (制作船帆、帐篷、油画布的)帆布b  a piece of this (一块)帆布 2  a painting on canvas, esp. in oils 帆布油画，油画 3  an open kind of canvas used as a basis for tapestry and embroidery (用于绒绣或刺绣的)网形粗布，十字布 4 slang  the floor of a boxing or wrestling ring [俚语] (拳击或摔跤场地)铺帆布的地板 5  a racing boat's covered end (赛艇)被遮掩的一端 ●v. tr. (canvassed, canvassing; US [美] canvased, canvasing)  cover with canvas 用帆布遮盖 □ by a canvas  (in boat racing) by a small margin (赛艇)以毫厘之差  win by a canvas  险胜□ under canvas   1  in a tent or tents 在帐篷里；在营地里 2  with sails spread 张着帆，扬起帆 [Middle English & Old Norman French canevas, ultimately from Latin cannabis ‘hemp’]

canvas-back n.  a wild duck Aythya valisineria, of N. America, with back feathers the colour of unbleached canvas 帆布背潜鸭(北美洲的一种野鸭，因其背羽呈帆布色而得名)

canvass /ˈkænvəs/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  solicit votes 游说；拉选票b tr.  solicit votes from (electors in a constituency) (向选区选民)拉选票 2 tr.  a  ascertain opinions of 征求…的意见b  seek custom from 兜揽生意，征求订户c  discuss thoroughly 详细讨论 3 tr. Brit.  propose (an idea or plan etc.) [英]提出(主意、计划等) ●n.  the process of or an instance of canvassing, esp. of electors 游说(尤指拉选票) □ canvasser  n.   [originally = toss in a sheet, agitate, from CANVAS]

canyon /ˈkænjən/ n. (also 亦作 cañon)  a deep gorge, often with a stream or river (谷底往往有溪流的)峡谷 [Spanish cañón ‘tube’, ultimately from Latin canna CANE]

canzonetta /kænzəˈnetə, kæntsəˈnetə/ n. (also 亦作 canzonet /-ˈnet/)  1  a short light song 小坎佐尼，(轻快的)短歌，小曲 2  a kind of madrigal 抒情短诗；短情歌 [Italian, diminutive of canzone ‘song’, from Latin cantio-onis from canere ‘sing’]

caoutchouc /ˈkaʊtʃʊk/ n.  raw rubber 生橡胶；纯橡胶 [French from Carib cahuchu]

CAP abbr.  Common Agricultural Policy (of the EEC) [缩略] (欧洲经济共同体的)共同农业政策

cap /kæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a soft head covering, usu. with a peak but otherwise brimless 软帽，便帽(通常有帽舌但无帽檐)b  a head covering worn in a particular profession (特定职业者所戴的)帽子  nurse's cap  护士帽c esp. Brit.  a cap awarded as a sign of membership of a sports team [尤英] (作为运动队成员的标志而授予的)体育队队员帽d  an academic mortarboard or soft hat 学位帽，学士帽e  a special hat as part of Highland dress (苏格兰高地人服装上的)帽子 2  a  a cover like a cap in shape or position 帽状物  kneecap  膝盖骨 toecap  鞋头b  a device to seal a bottle or protect the point of a pen, lens of a camera, etc. (封瓶口、保护钢笔尖、相机镜头等的)盖，套，罩 3  a  = DUTCH CAP 1 b  = PERCUSSION CAP  4  = CROWNn. 9b  ●v. tr. (capped, capping)  1  a  put a cap on 给…加盖；给…加帽b  cover the top or end of 覆盖…的顶端；包住…的末端c  set a limit to 给…定限额  rate-capping  速度极限；费率封顶 2  a esp. Brit.  award a sports cap to [尤英]授予…队员帽b Sc. & NZ  confer a university degree on [苏格兰和新]授予…大学学位 3  a  lie on top of; form the cap of 覆盖；笼罩b  surpass, excel 超过；胜过c  improve on (a story, quotation, etc.) esp. by producing a better or more apposite one 改进(故事、引语等) (尤指改写出更好更贴切的故事或引语) □ cap in hand   humbly 谦卑地，谦恭地□ if the cap fits (wear it)  Brit. (said of a generalized comment) it seems to be true of the person in question [英] (一般性评论)恰如其分□ set one's cap at (or US [美] for)   try to attract as a suitor (女子)追求男子，(女子)向男子挑逗□ capful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ capping  n.   [Old English cœppe from Late Latin cappa, perhaps from Latin caput ‘head’]

cap. abbr. [缩略]  1  capital  2  capital letter 大写字母 3  chapter  [Latin capitulum or caput]

capability /keipəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, for, to)  ability, power; the condition of being capable 能力，才能；性能，功能 2  an undeveloped or unused faculty 潜力，潜质

capable /ˈkeipəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  competent, able, gifted 能胜任的；有能力的，有才能的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  having the ability, fitness, or necessary quality for 具有…能力的；适合于…的；具有…素质的b  susceptible or admitting of (explanation or improvement etc.) 容许(解释或改进等)的；留有余地的 □ capably  adv.   [in earlier use = able to take in or understand: French via Late Latin capabilis from Latin capere ‘hold’]

capacious /kəˈpeiʃəs/ adj.  roomy; able to hold much 宽敞的；容量大的 □ capaciously  adv.  □ capaciousness  n.   [Latin capax -acis from capere ‘hold’]

capacitance /kəˈpæsit(ə)ns/ n. Electr. 【电】  1  the ability of a system to store an electric charge 电容，电流容量 2  the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential (symbol 符 C) 电容比，容量比 [CAPACITY + -ANCE]

capacitate /kəˈpæsiteit/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  render capable 使能够；使适合 2  make legally competent 使具有法律资格

capacitor /kəˈpæsitə/ n. Electr.  a device of one or more pairs of conductors separated by insulators used to store an electric charge 【电】电容器

capacity /kəˈpæsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the power of containing, receiving, experiencing, or producing 容纳(接受、感受或者生产)…的能力；生产力  capacity for heat, pain , etc. 忍受热、痛苦等的能力b  the maximum amount that can be contained or produced etc. 最大容量；最高产量c  the volume, e.g. of the cylinders in an internal-combustion engine 容量；容积(如内燃机汽缸的容积)d (作 attrib.)  fully occupying the available space, resources, etc. (现有空间)挤满了的；资源等用尽了的  a capacity audience  满场的观众 2  a  mental power 智力，智能b  a faculty or talent 能力，才能 3  a position or function 身份；地位，职位  in a civil capacity  以公民的身份 in my capacity as a critic  以我的评论员身份 4  legal competence 法律资格；法律权利 5 Electr.  capacitance 【电】电容；电容量 □ to capacity   fully; using all resources 充分地；竭尽全力地  working to capacity  竭尽全力地工作□ capacitative  /-tətiv/ adj. (also 亦作 capacitive) (in sense 5 用于释义 5)   [Middle English via French from Latin capacitas -tatis (as CAPACIOUS)]

caparison /kəˈpæris(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a horse's trappings (装饰用)马衣，马饰 2  equipment, finery 装备；华丽的装饰 ●v. tr.  put caparisons on; adorn richly 给(马)披挂马饰；华丽地装饰 [obsolete French caparasson from Spanish caparazón ‘saddle-cloth’, from capa CAPE1]

cape1 /keip/ n.  1  a sleeveless cloak 斗篷，披风 2  a short sleeveless cloak as a fixed or detachable part of a longer cloak or coat (大衣或斗篷上的)披肩 □ caped  adj.   [French via Provençal capa from Late Latin cappa CAP]

cape2 /keip/ n.  1  a headland or promontory 海角，岬 2 (作 the Cape)  a  the Cape of Good Hope 好望角b  the S. African province containing it 开普省(南非省份) [Middle English via Old French cap from Provençal cap, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

Cape buffalo  see 见 BUFFALO n. 1b 

Cape Coloured adj. & n. S. Afr. [南非] ●adj.  of the mixed white and non-white population of Cape Province 开普省(白人与有色人)混血儿的 ●n.  a member of this population 开普省混血儿

Cape doctor n. S. Afr. colloq.  a strong SE wind [南非口]道格特角风(南非沿海的强东南风)

Cape Dutch n. archaic  Afrikaans [古义]南非荷兰人；南非荷兰语

Cape gooseberry n.  1  an edible soft roundish yellow berry enclosed in a lantern-like husk 灯笼果(一种黄色浆果，外壳似灯笼，肉质柔软，可食用) 2  the plant, Physalis peruviana, bearing these 灯笼果树(酸浆属植物)

capelin /ˈkeiplin, ˈkæp-/ n. (also 亦作 caplin)  a small smeltlike fish, Mallotus villosus, of the N. Atlantic, used as food and as bait for catching cod etc. 细鳞胡瓜鱼(一种形似胡瓜鱼的小毛鳞鱼，产于北大西洋，可供食用或作捕捉鳕鱼的鱼饵) [French from Provençal capelan ‘chaplain’]

caper1 /ˈkeipə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  jump or run about playfully 蹦蹦跳跳，雀跃 ●n.  1  a playful jump or leap 蹦跳，雀跃 2  a  a fantastic proceeding; a prank 怪诞的动作；恶作剧b slang  any activity or occupation [俚语]活动；职业 □ cut a caper (or capers)   act friskily 蹦跳，雀跃，欢快地动作□ caperer  n.   [abbreviation of CAPRIOLE]

caper2 /ˈkeipə/ n.  1  a bramble-like southern European shrub, Capparis spinosa 刺山柑(一种形似刺藤的山柑属灌木，产于欧洲南部地区) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  its flower buds cooked and pickled for use as flavouring esp. for a savoury sauce 刺山柑花蕾(煮熟腌制后用作调味品) [Middle English capres & French cɑˆpres via Latin capparis from Greek kapparis, treated as pl.: cf. CHERRY, PEA]

capercaillie /kæpəˈkeili/ n. (also 亦作 capercailzie /-lzi/)  a large grouse, Tetrao urogallus, of coniferous forests in northern Europe 松鸡(产于北欧针叶树林) [Gaelic capull coille ‘horse of the wood’]

capeskin /ˈkeipskin/ n.  a soft leather made from South African sheepskin 开普羊皮革(产于南非)

Cape Town /ˈkeiptaun/ n.  开普敦 [南非(阿扎尼亚)港市]

Cape Verde   佛得角

capias /ˈkeipiəs, ˈkæp-/ n. Law  a writ ordering the arrest of the person named 【法律】逮捕证 [Latin, = you are to seize, from capere ‘take’]

capillarity /kæpiˈlæriti/ n.  = CAPILLARY ACTION  [French capillarité (as CAPILLARY)]

capillary /kəˈpiləri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a hair 毛状的 2 (of a tube) of hairlike internal diameter (管径)毛细的 3  of one of the delicate ramified blood vessels intervening between arteries and veins 毛细血管的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a capillary tube 毛细管 2  a capillary blood vessel 毛细血管 [Latin capillaris from capillus ‘hair’]

capillary action n.  the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension Also called 亦称作 capillarity 毛细作用(或现象)

capital1 /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n., adj. & int. ●n.  1  the most important town or city of a country or region, usu. its seat of government and administrative centre 首都；首府；省会 2  a  the money or other assets with which a company starts in business 资金；本钱b  accumulated wealth, esp. as used in further production (尤用于再生产的)资产c  money invested or lent at interest 资本，股本 3  capitalists generally 资本家，资方 4  a capital letter 大写字母 ●adj.  1  a  principal; most important; leading 主要的；最重要的；首要的b colloq.  excellent, first-rate [口]极好的；第一流的 2  a  involving or punishable by death 致死的；可处死刑的  capital punishment  死刑 a capital offence  死罪b (of an error etc.) vitally harmful; fatal (错误等)极其严重的；致命的 3 (of letters of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names etc. (字母)大写的 ●int.  expressing approval or satisfaction (表示赞成或满意)好极了！ □ make capital out of   use to one's advantage 利用…牟利□ with a capital -   emphatically such 真正的；名副其实的  art with a capital A  名副其实的艺术□ capitally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin capitalis, from caput-itis ‘head’]

capital2 /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n. Archit.  the head or cornice of a pillar or column 【建】柱顶，柱头(柱子顶端的檐口) [Middle English via Old French capitel from Late Latin capitellum, diminutive of Latin caput ‘head’]

capital gain n.  a profit from the sale of investments or property 资本收益

capital gains tax n.  a tax levied on the profit from the sale of investments or property 资本收益税

capital goods n. pl.  goods, esp. machinery, plant, etc., used or to be used in producing commodities (opp. 反义 CONSUMER GOODS) 资本货物(指生产商品所需的机器、厂房等)

capitalism /ˈkæpit(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods depend on invested private capital and profit-making 资本主义(制度)b  the possession of capital or wealth 资本(或财富)的拥有 2 Polit.  the dominance of private owners of capital and production for profit 【政】资本(私人占有和生产盈利)的支配地位

capitalist /ˈkæpit(ə)list/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person using or possessing capital; a rich person 资本家；富豪，财主 2  an advocate of capitalism 资本主义的拥护者 ●adj.  of or favouring capitalism 资本主义的；拥护资本主义的 □ capitalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ capitalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

capitalize /ˈkæpit(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  convert into or provide with capital 使资本化；为…提供资本b  calculate or realize the present value of an income 计算(或变现)收益的现有价值c  reckon (the value of an asset) by setting future benefits against the cost of maintenance 核定资产的价值(从未来的盈利中扣除维修费用) 2 tr.  a  write (a letter of the alphabet) as a capital 把(某个字母)大写b  begin (a word) with a capital letter 把(单词首字母)大写 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  use to one's advantage; profit from 利用；从…获利 □ capitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French capitaliser (as CAPITAL1)]

capital levy n.  1  the appropriation by the State of a fixed proportion of the wealth in the country (一定数额的)国家拨款 2  a wealth tax 资本税，财产税

capital sum n.  a lump sum of money, esp. payable to an insured person (尤指支付给被保险人的)大宗应付款额

capital territory n.  a territory containing the capital city of a country 首都地区

capital transfer tax n. hist. (in the UK) a tax levied on the transfer of capital by gift or bequest etc. (replaced in 1986 by INHERITANCE TAX) [史义] (英国)资本转让税 (1986 年为“遗产继承税”所代替)

capitation /kæpiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a tax or fee at a set rate per person 人口税，人头税；按人摊派的费用 2  the levying of such a tax or fee 按人征税；按人收费 [French capitation or Late Latin capitatio ‘poll tax’, from caput ‘head’]

capitation grant n.  a grant of a sum calculated from the number of people to be catered for, esp. in education 按人发放的补助金(尤指教育补助金)

Capitol /ˈkæpit(ə)l/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) (in the US) a building housing a legislature, esp. the seat of the US Congress in Washington, DC (美国) (尤指华盛顿特区的)国会大厦

capitular /kəˈpitjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to a cathedral chapter 教士的；关于教士的 2 Anat.  of or relating to a terminal protuberance of a bone 【解】骨端(隆起物)的 [Late Latin capitularis from Latin capitulum CHAPTER]

capitulary /kəˈpitjʊləri/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a collection of ordinances, esp. of the Frankish kings [史义]法典，法令汇编(尤指法兰克王朝的法典) [Late Latin capitularius (as CAPITULAR)]

capitulate /kəˈpitjʊleit/ v. intr.  surrender, esp. on stated conditions (尤指有条件地)投降 □ capitulator  n.  □ capitulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin capitulare ‘draw up under headings’ from Latin caput ‘head’]

capitulation /kəpitjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of capitulating; surrender (有条件的)投降 2  a statement of the main divisions of a subject (学科主要分支的)概要，摘要 3  an agreement or set of conditions 协议；一系列条款

capitulum /kəˈpitjʊləm/ n. (pl. capitula /-lə/) Bot.  a dense flat cluster of flowers or florets, as in the daisy family 【植】头状花序(如菊科植物的花) [Latin, diminutive of caput ‘head’]

caplin var.  of CAPELIN  CAPELIN 的变体

cap'n /ˈkæpm/ n. colloq. [口]  captain  [contraction]

capo1 /ˈkæpəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 capo tasto /ˈtæstəʊ/) (pl. capos or capo tastos) Mus.  a device secured across the neck of a fretted instrument to raise equally the tuning of all strings by the required amount 【音】(弦乐器上的)弦枕，弦柱 [Italian capo tasto ‘head stop’]

capo2 /ˈkæpəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US  the head of a crime syndicate or of one of its branches [尤美] (犯罪集团的)头目；(犯罪集团的)分支头目 [Italian, from Latin caput ‘head’]

cap of liberty n. hist.  a conical cap given to Roman slaves on emanicipation, often used as a republican symbol [史义]自由帽(罗马奴隶被释放时戴的一种锥形帽子，常被用作是共和国的象征)

cap of maintenance n.  a cap or hat worn as a symbol of official dignity or carried before the sovereign etc. (表示官爵的)帽子；(英王加冕时排行其前的)王冠

capon /ˈkeip(ə)n/ n.  a domestic cock castrated and fattened for eating (养肥供食用的)阉鸡 □ caponize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Old English from Anglo-French capun, Old French capon, ultimately from Latin capo -onis]

caponier /kæpəˈniə/ n.  a covered passage across a ditch round a fort (城堡四周壕沟的)有顶通道 [Spanish caponera, literally ‘capon-pen’]

capot /kəˈpɒt/ n. & v. ●n. (in piquet) the winning of all the tricks by one player (皮克牌)全胜(指一个人赢得所有点数) ●v. tr. (capotted, capotting)  score a capot against (an opponent) (皮克牌)全胜，赢得所有点数 [French, perhaps from a dialect variant of chapoter ‘to castrate’]

capo tasto  see 见 CAPO1 

capote /kəˈpəʊt/ n. hist.  a long cloak with a hood, formerly worn by soldiers and travellers etc. [史义] (旧时士兵、旅行者等穿的)带风帽长斗篷 [French, diminutive of cape CAPE1]

cappuccino /kæpʊˈtʃi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  coffee with milk made frothy with pressurized steam, esp. made with espresso coffee 卡普契诺咖啡(加牛奶后用蒸汽加热煮成的浓咖啡) [Italian, = CAPUCHIN]

capriccio /kəˈpritʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a lively and usu. short musical composition 随想曲(活泼轻快、通常较短的音乐曲目) 2  a painting etc. representing a fantasy or a mixture of real and imaginary features 幻想画；(具有真实与想像混合特点的)图画 [Italian, = sudden start, originally ‘horror’]

capriccioso /kəpritʃiˈəʊzəʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  in a free and impulsive style 【音】随想地(的)；随心所欲地(的) [Italian, = capricious]

caprice /kəˈpri:s/ n.  1  a  an unaccountable or whimsical change of mind or conduct (思想或行为)莫名其妙的变化b  a tendency to this 随心所欲，心血来潮 2  a work of lively fancy in painting, drawing, or music; a capriccio 富于想像的艺术作品(如油画、图画、音乐等)；随想曲 [French, from Italian CAPRICCIO]

capricious /kəˈpriʃəs/ adj.  1  guided by or given to caprice 受怪念头支配的；忽发奇想的 2  irregular, unpredictable 变化无常的，变幻莫测的 □ capriciously  adv.  □ capriciousness  n.   [French capricieux from Italian CAPRICCIOSO]

Capricorn /ˈkæprikɔ:n/ n.  1 (usu. 通常作 Capricornus /-ˈkɔ:nəs/) Astron.  a constellation (the Goat), said to represent a goat with a fish's tail (or, in Hindu astrology, a crocodile) 【天】摩羯(星)座(据说像一只鱼尾山羊，印度占星学则说像鳄鱼) 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the tenth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter solstice (about 21 Dec.) 摩羯宫(黄道十二宫中的第十宫，太阳于冬至时进入该时段)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于摩羯宫时段的人 □ tropic of Capricorn   see 见 TROPIC n. 1 □ Capricornian  n. & adj.   [Middle English via Old French capricorne from Latin capricornus, from caper -pri ‘goat’ + cornu ‘horn’]

caprine /ˈkæprain/ adj.  of or like a goat 山羊的；像山羊的 [Middle English from Latin caprinus, from caper pri ‘goat’]

capriole /ˈkæpriəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a leap or caper 蹦跳，跳跃 2  a trained horse's high leap and kick without advancing (马术)原地腾跃 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) perform a capriole (马或骑士)表演原地腾跃 2 tr.  make (a horse) capriole (使马)原地腾跃 [French from Italian capriola ‘leap’, ultimately from caper -pri ‘goat’]

Capris /kəˈpri:z/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Capri pants)  women's close-fitting tapered trousers 卡普里裤(妇女穿的一种紧身裤) [Capri, an island in the bay of Naples]

cap rock n.  a hard rock or stratum overlying a deposit of oil, gas, coal, etc. 冠岩(石油、天然气、煤矿等上方的坚硬岩石或地层)

caps. abbr.  capital letters [缩略]大写字母

Capsian /ˈkæpsiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a palaeolithic culture of N. Africa and S. Europe 卡普萨文化的(北非和南欧旧石器时代后期的一种文化) ●n.  this culture 卡普萨文化 [Latin Capsa = Gafsa in Tunisia]

capsicum /ˈkæpsikəm/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Capsicum (nightshade family), having edible capsular fruits containing many seeds, esp. C. annuum yielding chilli and sweet peppers 辣椒科植物(茄属，包括辣椒和甜椒) 2  the fruit of any of these plants, which vary in size, colour, and pungency 辣椒，甜椒 [modern Latin, perhaps from Latin capsa ‘box’]

capsid1 /ˈkæpsid/ n.  = MIRID  [modern Latin Capsus, genus name of a bug]

capsid2 /ˈkæpsid/ n.  the protein coat or shell of a virus (病毒的)壳体，衣壳 [French capside from Latin capsa ‘box’]

capsize /kæpˈsaiz/ v.  1 tr.  upset or overturn (a boat) 使(船等)倾覆，使翻船 2 intr.  be capsized (船等)倾覆，翻船 □ capsizal  n.  倾覆 [perhaps ultimately from Spanish capuzar ‘ sink (a ship) by the head’, from cabo ‘head’ + chapuzar ‘dive, duck’]

cap sleeve n.  a sleeve extending only a short distance from the shoulder (仅盖住极小一部分上臂的)短袖

capstan /ˈkæpst(ə)n/ n.  1  a thick revolving cylinder with a vertical axis, for winding an anchor cable or a halyard etc. (起锚或缠绕吊索等用的)绞盘；卷扬机 2  a motor-driven revolving spindle on a tape recorder that guides the tape past the head at constant speed (录音机)主动轮 [Provençal cabestan, ultimately from Latin capistrum ‘halter’, from capere ‘seize’]

capstan lathe n.  a lathe with a revolving tool holder 转塔式六角车床

capstone /ˈkæpstəʊn/ n.  coping; a coping stone 拱顶石，压顶石

capsule /ˈkæpsju:l, -sjʊl/ n.  1  a small soluble case of gelatin enclosing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it (药用)胶囊 2  a detachable compartment of a spacecraft or nose-cone of a rocket (宇宙飞船或火箭的)航天舱，太空舱 3  an enclosing membrane in the body (人体内的)囊，被膜 4  a top or cover for a bottle, esp. the foil or plastic covering the cork of a wine bottle (覆盖在软木塞外面的金属或塑料)瓶盖 5  a  a dry fruit that releases its seeds when ripe 荚膜，蒴果b  the spore-producing part of mosses and liverworts 孢蒴(苔藓和叶苔产生孢子的部分) 6 Biol.  an enveloping layer surrounding certain bacteria 【生】(某些细菌的)包膜 7 (作 attrib.)  concise; highly condensed 概要的；简略的  a capsule history of jazz  爵士乐简史 □ capsular  adj.  □ capsulate  adj.   [French from Latin capsula, from capsa CASE2]

capsulize /ˈkæpsjʊlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  put (information etc.) in compact form 概述(信息等)

Capt. abbr. [缩略]  Captain 

captain /ˈkæptin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a chief or leader 领袖，首领b  the leader of a team, esp. in sports (尤指体育运动)队长，领队c  a powerful or influential person 头面人物，有权势(或影响)的人  captain of industry  实业巨头 2  a  the person in command of a merchant or passenger ship 船长；舰长b  the pilot of a civil aircraft (民航飞机的)机长，第一飞行员 3 (as a title 用作军衔 Captain)  a  an army or (in the US and Canada) air force officer next above lieutenant 陆军上尉；(美国、加拿大)空军上尉b  a navy officer in command of a warship; one ranking below commodore or rear admiral and above commander (海军)舰长；海军上校c (in the US) a police officer in charge of a precinct, ranking below a chief (美国)警察局副警长 4  a Brit.  a foreman [英]工头，监工b  a head boy or girl in a school 男(女)学生班长c colloq.  the adult leader of a company of Guides, officially termed Guide Guider since 1968 [口] (女童子军的)成人队长(自 1968 年起官方术语为 Guide Guider)d N. Amer.  a supervisor of waiters or bellboys [北美]侍者领班 5  a  a great soldier or strategist 伟大的军人；战略家b  an experienced commander 久经战场的指挥官 ●v. tr.  be captain of; lead 率领，指挥 □ captaincy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ captainship  n.   [Middle English & Old French capitain via Late Latin capitaneus ‘chief’ from Latin caput capit- ‘head’]

Captain Cooker /ˌkæptin ˈkʊkə/ n. NZ  a wild boar [新]库克猪(一种野猪) [named after Capt. J. Cook, navigator and explorer d. 1779]

captain-general n. (in the UK) an honorary officer, esp. of artillery (英国) (尤指炮兵部队的)名誉军官

Captain of the Fleet n. (in the UK) a Navy staff officer in charge of maintenance (英国) (负责舰艇维修的)维修副官

caption /ˈkæpʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a title or brief explanation appended to an illustration, cartoon, etc. (图片、漫画等的)说明文字 2  wording appearing on a cinema or television screen as part of a film or broadcast (影片或电视屏幕上的)字幕 3  the heading of a chapter or article etc. (章节或文章等的)标题 4 Law  a certificate attached to or written on a document 【法律】(附在或写在文件上的)证明 ●v. tr.  provide with a caption 给…加标题(或说明文字)；为…配字幕 [in earlier use = capture, seizure, hence a warrant for arrest: Middle English from Latin captio, from capere capt- ‘take’]

captious /ˈkæpʃəs/ adj.  given to finding fault or raising petty objections 爱找岔子的，吹毛求疵的 □ captiously  adv.  □ captiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French captieux or Latin captiosus (as CAPTION)]

captivate /ˈkæptiveit/ v. tr.  1  overwhelm with charm or affection 使入迷；使迷惑 2  fascinate 迷住；使神魂颠倒 □ captivatingly  adv.  □ captivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin captivare ‘take captive’ (as CAPTIVE)]

captive /ˈkæptiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person or animal that has been taken prisoner or confined 俘虏；囚徒；猎获物 ●adj.  1  a  taken prisoner 被俘虏的；被猎获的b  kept in confinement or under restraint 被关押的；受限制的 2  a  unable to escape 无法逃脱的b  in a position of having to comply 被迷住的；受垄断的  captive audience  着迷的听众 captive market  垄断市场 3  of or like a prisoner 俘虏的，囚徒的  captive state  囚禁状态 [Middle English from Latin captivus, from capere capt- ‘take’]

captive balloon n.  a balloon held by a rope from the ground (用绳系在地面上的)系留气球

captivity /kæpˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the condition or circumstances of being a captive 囚禁(或监禁)的状态b  a period of captivity 囚禁期，监禁期 2 (作 the Captivity)  the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. BC 巴比伦囚虏(指公元前 6 世纪大批犹太人被俘至巴比伦)

captor /ˈkæptə/ n.  a person who captures or holds captive (a person, group, etc.) 俘获(他人)者；俘捕(猎物)者 [Latin (as CAPTIVE)]

capture /ˈkæptʃə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  take prisoner; seize as a prize 俘虏；捕获；夺得(奖品)b  obtain by force or trickery (用武力或诡计)夺得；占领 2  portray in permanent form 捕捉(镜头、画面等)  could not capture the likeness  无法捕捉其相似之处 3 Physics  absorb (a subatomic particle) 【物理学】吸附(一个亚原子粒子) 4 (in board games) make a move that secures the removal of (an opposing piece) from the board (国际象棋)吃(子) 5 (of a stream) divert the upper course of (another stream) by encroaching on its basin (溪流)袭夺(指通过侵蚀其他溪流的河床而使其改变上游河道) 6  cause (data) to be stored in a computer 存盘(将数据存入计算机) 7 Astron. (of a star, planet, etc.) bring (a less massive body) permanently within its gravitational influence 【天】俘获(指大星球使小星球永久地置于其引力作用之下) ●n.  1  the act of capturing 俘获；捕获 2  a thing or person captured 捕获物；俘虏 □ capturer  n.   [French from Latin captura, from capere capt- ‘take’]

Capuchin /ˈkæp(j)ʊtʃin/ n.  1  a Franciscan friar of the new rule of 1529 (天主教)方济各会修士，嘉布遣会修士 2  a cloak and hood formerly worn by women 嘉布遣斗篷(一种带风帽的女式斗篷) 3 (作 capuchin)  a  a monkey of the S. American genus Cebus, with cowl-like hair on the head 僧帽猴(卷尾猴属动物，产于南美洲，头上有僧帽状毛发，故名)b  a variety of pigeon with head and neck feathers resembling a cowl 毛领鸽 [French from Italian cappuccino, via cappuccio ‘cowl’ from cappa CAPE1]

capybara /kæpiˈbɑ:rə/ n.  a very large semiaquatic rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, native to S. America 水豚(一种半水栖水豚，属啮齿动物，产于南美洲) [Tupi]

car /kɑ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 motor car)  a usu. four-wheeled road vehicle, able to carry a small number of people and powered by an internal-combustion engine 小汽车，轿车 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  a wheeled vehicle, esp. of a specified kind 车辆(尤指某种特定的车辆)  tramcar  有轨电车b  a railway carriage of a specified type (具体的某种)火车车厢  dining car  餐车 3 N. Amer.  a railway carriage or van [北美]火车车厢；运货车 4  the passenger compartment of a lift, cableway, balloon, etc. (电梯、索道、气球等的)梯厢；吊舱 5 poet.  a chariot [诗]战车；凯旋彩车 □ carful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一汽车的量 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French carre, ultimately from Latin carrum, carrus, of Old Celtic origin]

carabineer /kærəbiˈniə/ n. (also 亦作 carabinier) hist. [史义]  1  a soldier whose principal weapon is a carbine (昔时的)马枪骑兵 2 (作 the Carabineers)  the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 皇家苏格兰龙骑兵卫队 [French carabinier from carabine CARBINE]

carabiniere /kærəbinˈjɛəri, 意 karabiˈnjere/ n. (pl. carabinieri pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an Italian gendarme (意大利)警察 [Italian, literally ‘carabineer’]

caracal /ˈkærəkæl/ n.  a lynx, Felis caracal, native to N. Africa and SW Asia 猞猁，大山猫(猫属动物，产于北非及西南亚地区) [French or Spanish from Turkish karakulak, from kara ‘black’ + kulak ‘ear’ (from its black ear-tufts)]

caracara /kærəˈkɑ:rə/ n.  any of several mainly tropical American birds of prey related to falcons but resembling vultures 卡拉卡拉鹰(隼科动物，样子像秃鹫，产于热带美洲) [Spanish or Portuguese caracarɑˊ, from Tupi-Guarani (imitative)]

Caracas /kəˈrækəs/ n.  加拉加斯 [委内瑞拉首都]

caracole /ˈkærəkəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a horse's half-turn to the right or left (马术中向左或向右的)半旋转腾跃 ●v.  1 intr. (of a horse or its rider) perform a caracole (马或骑士)表演半旋转腾跃 2 tr.  make (a horse) caracole 使(马)半旋转腾跃 [French]

caracul var.  of KARAKUL  KARAKUL 的变体

carafe /kəˈræf, -ˈrɑ:f/ n.  a glass container for water or wine, esp. at a table or bedside 卡拉夫瓶，饮料瓶(尤指放在餐桌或床头柜上盛水或酒的玻璃瓶) [French from Italian caraffa, ultimately from Arabic ɡ̇arrɑˉfa ‘drinking vessel’]

carambola /kær(ə)mˈbəʊlə/ n.  1  a small tree, Averrhoa carambola, native to SE Asia, bearing golden-yellow ribbed fruit 五敛子树，阳桃树(五敛子属植物，产于东南亚，结金黄色果实) 2  this fruit ; also called 亦称作 star fruit 五敛子，阳桃 [Portuguese, probably from Marathi karambal]

caramel /ˈkærəmel, -m(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  sugar or syrup heated until it turns brown, then used as a flavouring or to colour spirits etc. (用于调味或为酒等染色的)焦糖(浆)b  a kind of soft toffee made with sugar, butter, etc., melted and further heated 卡拉梅尔糖，乳脂糖，太妃糖 2  the light brown colour of caramel 焦糖色，褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 焦糖色的，褐色的 [French from Spanish caramelo]

caramelize /ˈkær(ə)məlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  convert (sugar or syrup) into caramel 把(糖或糖浆)熬成焦糖b intr. (of sugar or syrup) be converted into caramel (糖或糖浆)被制成焦糖 2 tr.  coat or cook (food) with caramelized sugar or syrup 在…上涂焦糖，用焦糖烹调 □ caramelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

carangid /kəˈrændʒid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the large fish family Carangidae, including scads and pompanos 鲹鱼的 ●n.  a fish of this family 鲹鱼 [Latin Caranx, the genus name of a member + -ID3]

carapace /ˈkærəpeis/ n.  the hard upper shell of a tortoise or a crustacean (龟、鳖等甲壳动物的)硬壳，背甲 [French from Spanish carapacho]

carat /ˈkærət/ n.  1  a unit of weight for precious stones, now equivalent to 200 milligrams 克拉(宝石的重量单位， 1 克拉等于 200 毫克) 2 (US [美] karat)  a measure of purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats 开(黄金纯度单位，纯金为 24 开) [French via Italian carato from Arabic ḳīrɑˉṭ ‘weight of four grains’, from Greek keration ‘fruit of the carob’ (diminutive of keras ‘horn’)]

caravan /ˈkærəvæn, kærəˈvæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Brit.  a vehicle equipped for living in and usu. towed by a motor vehicle or a horse [英] (用马或汽车拖拽的)活动住房b N. Amer.  a covered wagon or lorry [北美]有篷货车，有篷卡车 2  a company of merchants or pilgrims etc. travelling together, esp. across a desert in Asia or N. Africa (由商人或香客等组成，往返于亚洲或北非沙漠地带的)旅行队 3  a covered cart or carriage 有篷大车，有篷马车 ●v. intr. (caravanned, caravanning)  travel or live in a caravan 在活动住房中居住，在旅行队中旅行 □ caravanner  n.   [French caravane from Persian kɑˉrwɑˉn]

caravanette /kærəvæˈnet/ n. Brit.  a motor vehicle with a caravan-like rear compartment for eating, sleeping, etc. [英] (有供食宿的后部车厢的)汽车

caravanserai /kærəˈvænsərai, -ri/ n. (US also [美亦] caravansary)  an Eastern inn with a central court where caravans (see 见 CARAVAN 2) may rest (有停放车辆中心大院的东方)客店，旅舍 [Persian kɑˉrwɑˉnsarɑˉy from sarɑˉy ‘palace’]

caravan site n. (also 亦作 caravan park) Brit.  a place where caravans are parked as dwellings, often with special amenities [英] (通常备有便利设施的)活动住房停车场

caravel /ˈkærəvel/ n. (also 亦作 carvel /ˈkɑ:v(ə)l/) hist.  a small light fast ship, chiefly Spanish and Portuguese of the 15th-17th c. [史义]轻便多桅小帆船 (15 至 17 世纪西班牙和葡萄牙船只) [French caravelle via Portuguese caravela from Greek karabos ‘horned beetle, light ship’]

caraway /ˈkærəwei/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Carum carvi, bearing clusters of tiny white flowers 葛缕子(伞形科植物，其花朵为白色小花簇) [medieval Latin carui from Arabic alkarɑˉwiyɑˉ, perhaps fr Greek karon, kareon ‘cumin’]

caraway seed n.  the fruit of the caraway plant used as flavouring and as a source of oil 葛缕子籽(用于调味和榨油)

carb /kɑ:b/ n. colloq.  a carburettor [口]汽化器，化油器 [abbreviation]

carbamate /ˈkɑ:bəmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of an amide of carbonic acid 【化】氨基甲酸盐(或酯) [CARBONIC + AMIDE]

carbide /ˈkɑ:baid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of carbon 【化】碳化物

carbine /ˈkɑ:bain/ n.  a short firearm, usu. a rifle, originally for cavalry use 卡宾枪；(昔时骑兵用的)短筒马枪 [French carabine (this form also earlier in English), weapon of the carabin ‘mounted musketeer’]

carbo- /ˈkɑ:bəʊ/ comb. form  carbon (carbohydrate 碳水化合物 ; carbolic 石炭酸的 ; carboxyl 羧基) [构词成分]碳 :

carbohydrate /kɑ:bəˈhaidreit/ n. Biochem.  any of a large group of energy-producing organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, e.g. starch, glucose, and other sugars 【生化】碳水化合物(如淀粉、葡萄糖和其他糖类)

carbolic /kɑ:ˈbɒlik/ n. (in full 全称 carbolic acid)  phenol, esp. when used as a disinfectant 石炭酸，苯酚 [CARBO- + -OL1 + -IC]

carbolic soap n.  soap containing carbolic 石炭酸皂，酚皂

car bomb n.  a terrorist bomb concealed in or under a parked car (恐怖主义分子藏在汽车里或下的)汽车炸弹

carbon /ˈkɑ:b(ə)n/ n.  1  a non-metallic element occurring naturally as diamond, graphite, and charcoal, and in all organic compounds (symbol 符 C) (化学元素)碳 2  a  = CARBON COPY 1 b  = CARBON PAPER  3  a rod of carbon in an arc lamp (弧光灯中的)碳精棒 [French carbone, from Latin carbo -onis ‘charcoal’]

carbon-12 n.  the commonest natural carbon isotope, of mass 12, used in calculations of atomic mass units 碳 -12 (质量数为 12 的碳的稳定同位素，用于计算原子的质量单位)

carbon-14 n.  a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in radiocarbon dating, and as a tracer in biochemistry 碳 -14 ，放射性碳(质量数为 14 的天然放射性同位素，用于年代测定及在生化中作示踪剂)

carbonaceous /kɑ:bəˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1  consisting of or containing carbon 由碳组成的；含碳的 2  of or like coal or charcoal 碳的；碳状的

carbonado /kɑ:bəˈneidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a dark opaque or impure kind of diamond used as an abrasive, for drills etc. (用作钻头磨料的)黑金刚石 [Portuguese]

carbonate /ˈkɑ:bəneit/ n. & v. ●n. Chem.  a salt of carbonic acid 【化】碳酸盐；碳酸酯 ●v. tr.  1  impregnate with carbon dioxide; aerate 给…充二氧化碳；(用二氧化碳)使泡腾 2  convert into a carbonate 将…烧成碳；使碳化 □ carbonation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French carbonat from modern Latin carbonatum (as CARBON)]

carbon black n.  a fine carbon powder made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air 碳黑(在空气不足的情况下焚烧碳氢化合物产生的一种很细的碳粉末)

carbon copy n.  1  a copy made with carbon paper 复写本，副本 2  a person or thing identical or similar to another 一模一样的人(或物)，相似的人(或物)  is a carbon copy of his father  跟他父亲一模一样

carbon cycle n. Biol.  the cycle in which carbon compounds are interconverted, usu. by living organisms 【生】碳循环(碳在生物体内互相转换的周期循环)

carbon dating n.  the determination of the age of an organic object from the ratio of isotopes which changes as carbon-14 decays 碳 -14 年代测定法，碳定年法

carbon dioxide n.  a colourless odourless gas occurring naturally in the atmosphere and formed by respiration Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CO2 二氧化碳

carbon disulphide n.  a colourless liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CS2 二硫化碳

carbon fibre n.  a thin strong crystalline filament of carbon used as strengthening material in resins, ceramics, etc. 碳纤维，碳化纤维(用于强化树脂、陶器等材料)

carbonic /kɑ:ˈbɒnik/ adj. Chem.  containing carbon 【化】含碳的

carbonic acid n.  a very weak acid formed from carbon dioxide dissolved in water 碳酸(二氧化碳溶于水中所形成的一种酸性很弱的物质)

carbonic acid gas n. archaic  carbon dioxide [古义]碳酸气，二氧化碳

carboniferous /kɑ:bəˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  producing coal 产炭的；产煤的 2 (作 Carboniferous) Geol.  of or relating to the fifth period in the Palaeozoic era, with evidence of the first reptiles and extensive coal-forming swamp forests 【地质】石炭纪的；石炭系的 ●n. (作 Carboniferous) Geol.  this period or system 【地质】石炭纪；石炭系

carbonize /ˈkɑ:bənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  convert into carbon by heating 使碳化 2  reduce to charcoal or coke 使焦化 3  coat with carbon 给…涂碳 □ carbonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

carbon monoxide n.  a colourless odourless toxic gas formed by the incomplete burning of carbon Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CO 一氧化碳

carbonnade /kɑ:bəˈnɑ:d, -ˈneid/ n.  a rich beef stew made with onions and beer (洋葱啤酒)炖牛肉 [French]

carbon paper n.  a thin carbon-coated paper used for making (esp. typed) copies (尤指打字用的)复写纸

carbon steel n.  a steel with properties dependent on the percentage of carbon present 碳(素)钢

carbon tax n.  a proposed tax on the carbon emissions that result from burning fossil fuels (e.g. in motor vehicles) because of their contribution to the greenhouse effect (机动车辆)碳污染税

carbon tetrachloride n.  a colourless volatile liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CCl4 四氯化碳

carbonyl /ˈkɑ:bənail, -nil/ n. (used 用作 attrib.) Chem.  the divalent radical :C=O 【化】羰基，碳酰基

carbonyl chloride n. Chem. 【化】  = PHOSGENE 

car boot sale n. Brit.  a usu. outdoor sale at which participants sell unwanted possessions from the boots of their cars or from tables [英]汽车行李箱拍卖

carborundum /kɑ:bəˈrʌndəm/ n.  a compound of carbon and silicon used esp. as an abrasive 金刚砂，碳化硅(尤用作研磨料) [CARBON + CORUNDUM]

carboxyl /kɑ:ˈbɒksail, -sil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent acid radical -COOH, present in most organic acids 【化】羧基(存在于大多数有机酸中的单价酸基) [CARBON + OXYGEN + -YL]

carboxylic acid /kɑ:bɒk ˈsilik/ n. Chem.  an organic acid containing the carboxyl group 【化】羧酸(一种含羧基的有机酸) □ carboxylate  /kɑ:ˈbɒksiˌleit/ n.  

carboy /ˈkɑ:bɔi/ n.  a large globular glass bottle usu. protected by a frame, for containing esp. liquids 小口大玻璃瓶(常有护套，尤用来装运危险液体) [Persian karɑˉba ‘large glass flagon’]

carbuncle /ˈkɑ:bʌŋk(ə)l/ n.  1  a severe abscess in the skin (皮肤上的)痈；红疹，红斑 2  a bright red gem 红榴石，红宝石 □ carbuncular  /-ˈbʌŋkjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French charbucle etc. from Latin carbunculus ‘small coal’, from carbo ‘coal’]

carburation /kɑ:bjʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of charging air with a spray of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, esp. in an internal-combustion engine (尤指内燃机内的)燃料汽化；化油过程 [as CARBURET]

carburet /kɑ:bjʊˈret/ v. tr. (carburetted, carburetting; US [美] carbureted, carbureting)  combine (a gas etc.) with carbon 使(气体)与碳结合 [earlier carbure via French from Latin carbo (as CARBON)]

carburettor /kɑ:bjʊˈretə, -bə-/ n. (also 亦作 carburetter, US [美] carburetor)  an apparatus for carburation of petrol and air in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机中的)汽化器，化油器 [as CARBURET + -OR1]

carburize /ˈkɑ:bjʊraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  add carbon to (iron) 给(铁)加碳 □ carburization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [carburet ‘carbide’ + -IZE]

carcajou /ˈkɑ:kədʒu:, -əʒu:/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = GLUTTON 3  [French, apparently of Algonquian origin (cf. KINKAJOU)]

carcass /ˈkɑ:kəs/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] carcase)  1  the dead body of an animal, esp. a trunk for cutting up as meat 动物尸体(尤指宰杀后供切割取肉的躯体) 2  the bones of a cooked bird (煮熟禽鸟的)骨架 3 derog.  the human body, living or dead [贬] (人的)躯体；尸体 4  the skeleton, framework of a building, ship, etc. (建筑、船只等)架子，骨架；构架 5  worthless remains (无价值的)残骸 [Middle English from Anglo-French carcois (Old French charcois) and from French carcasse: ultimate origin unknown]

carcass meat n. Brit.  raw meat as distinct from corned or tinned meat [英] (区别于腌肉或罐头肉的)鲜肉

carcinogen /kɑ:ˈsinədʒ(ə)n/ n.  any substance that causes cancer 致癌物质 [as CARCINOMA + -GEN]

carcinogenesis /ˌkɑ:s(i)nəˈdʒenisis/ n.  the production of cancer 癌病变，致癌作用

carcinogenic /ˌkɑ:s(i)nəˈdʒenik/ adj.  tending to cause cancer 可能致癌的 □ carcinogenicity  /-ˈnisiti/ n.  

carcinoma /kɑ:siˈnəʊmə/ n. (pl. carcinomata /-tə/ or carcinomas)  a cancer, esp. one arising in epithelial tissue 癌症(尤指上皮组织癌症) □ carcinomatous  adj.   [Latin from Greek karkinōma, from karkinos ‘crab’]

car coat n.  a short coat designed esp. for car drivers (尤指为汽车司机设计的)便装短大衣

Card. abbr. [缩略]  Cardinal 

card1 /kɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  thick stiff paper or thin pasteboard 原纸片，薄纸板 2  a  a flat piece of this, esp. for writing or printing on 卡，卡片b  = POSTCARD c  a card used to send greetings, issue an invitation, etc. (祝贺、邀请等的)柬帖，贺卡  birthday card  生日贺卡d  = VISITING CARD e  = BUSINESS CARD f  a ticket of admission or membership etc. 入场券；会员证 3  a  = PLAYING CARD b  a similar card in a set designed for particular games, e.g. happy families (用于玩特定游戏的)一套纸牌c (in pl. 用复数)  card-playing; a card game 玩纸牌；纸牌游戏 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  an employee's documents, esp. for tax and national insurance, held by the employer [英口] (存放于雇主处，尤指用于纳税和保险的)雇员证件 5  a  a programme of events at a race meeting etc. (赛马、赛跑等)节目单，项目单b Cricket  a scorecard 【板球】计分卡c  a list of holes on a golf course, on which a player's scores are entered (高尔夫球)计分卡 6 colloq.  a person, esp. an odd or amusing one [口]怪人，引人发笑的人  what a card!  真是个怪人！ a knowing card  机灵鬼，精明的人 7  a plan or expedient 计划；对策  sure card  妙计 8  a printed or written notice, set of rules, etc., for display (印刷或书写在纸版上展示的)商品广告牌；通告牌 9  a  a small rectangular piece of plastic issued by a bank, building society, etc., with personal (often machine-readable) data on it, chiefly to obtain cash or credit (银行、建筑协会等发放的用于支取现金或进行信贷的长方形塑料)卡  cheque card  支票卡 credit card  信用卡 do you have a card?  你有信用卡吗？b  a similar piece of plastic, e.g. a phonecard, sold or issued for various purposes 电话卡等 10  a printed circuit board 印刷线路板 ●v. tr.  1  fix to a card 把…贴附到卡片上 2  write on a card, esp. for indexing 把…记在卡片上(尤指用作索引资料) □ ask for (or get) one's cards  Brit.  ask (or be told) to leave one's employment [英]要求辞职；被解雇□ card up one's sleeve  Brit.  a plan in reserve; a hidden advantage [英]秘而不宣的计划；隐藏的优势□ on (N. Amer. [北美] in) the cards   possible or likely 很可能的，可能发生的□ put (or lay) one's cards on the table   reveal one's resources, intentions, etc. 摊牌，把自己的意图和盘托出 [Middle English via Old French carte and Latin charta from Greek khartēs ‘papyrus leaf’]

card2 /kɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a toothed instrument, wire brush, etc., for raising a nap on cloth or for disentangling fibres before spinning 梳棉(毛、麻)机；起毛机；钢丝刷 ●v. tr.  brush, comb, cleanse, or scratch with a card (用梳毛机等)梳理 □ carder  n.   [Middle English via Old French carde from Provençal carda, from cardar ‘tease, comb’, ultimately from Latin carere ‘to card’]

cardamom /ˈkɑ:dəməm/ n. (also 亦作 cardamum)  1  an aromatic SE Asian plant, Elettaria cardamomum 豆蔻(姜科多年生草本植物，产于东南亚) 2  the seed capsules of this used as a spice (用作调味品及入药的)豆蔻果实 [Latin cardamomum or French cardamome from Greek kardamōmon, from kardamon ‘cress’ + amōmon the name of a spice plant]

cardan joint /ˈkɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Engin.  a universal joint 【工程】万向节，万向接头 [named after G. Cardano, Italian mathematician d. 1576]

cardan shaft /ˈkɑ:d(ə)n/ n. Brit. Engin.  a shaft with a universal joint at one or both ends [英]【工程】万向轴

cardboard /ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  pasteboard or stiff paper, esp. for making cards or boxes (尤指作纸箱用的)薄纸板，卡纸板 ●adj.  1  made of cardboard 用薄纸板制作的 2  flimsy, insubstantial 不坚固的，易损坏的

cardboard city n.  an urban area where homeless people make shelters at night from cardboard boxes etc. (无家可归的人在纸板箱里过夜的)纸板箱市区

card-carrying attrib. adj.  registered as a member (esp. of a political party or trade union) (尤指政党或工会)持有正式成员证的，注册党员(会员)的

card game n.  a game in which playing cards are used 纸牌戏，扑克牌戏

cardholder /ˈkɑ:dhəʊldə/ n.  the holder of a credit card 信用卡持有人

cardiac /ˈkɑ:diæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the heart 心脏的；关于心脏的 2  of or relating to the part of the stomach nearest the oesophagus 贲门的(胃靠近食管的部位) ●n. colloq.  a person with heart disease [口]心脏病患者 [French cardiaque or Latin cardiacus from Greek kardiakos, from kardia ‘heart’]

cardiac tamponade  see 见 TAMPONADE 

cardie var.  of CARDY  CARDY 的变体

cardigan /ˈkɑ:diɡ(ə)n/ n.  a knitted jacket fastening down the front, usu. with long sleeves 卡迪根式夹克衫(通常为长袖) [named after the 7th Earl of Cardigan (d. 1868), whose troops first wore such garments during the Crimean war]

cardinal /ˈkɑ:d(i)n(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (as a title 用作头衔 Cardinal)  a leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the college electing the Pope (罗马天主教会的)红衣主教 2  any American songbird of the subfamily Cardinalinae, esp. the common Cardinalis cardinalis, the male of which has scarlet plumage 红衣凤头鸟(尤指美洲凤鸟亚科鸣禽，雄鸟羽毛为鲜红色) 3 hist.  a woman's cloak, originally of scarlet cloth with a hood [史义] (一种原为红色的)带风帽女式斗篷 ●adj.  1  chief, fundamental; on which something hinges 主要的，基本的 2  of deep scarlet (like a cardinal's cassock) 鲜红的，深红的 □ cardinalate  /-leit/ n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ cardinally  adv.  □ cardinalship  n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin cardinalis, from cardo -inis ‘hinge’: in English first applied to the four virtues on which conduct ‘hinges’]

cardinal flower n.  the scarlet lobelia 红花半边莲

cardinal humour  see 见 HUMOUR n. 5 

cardinal number n.  a number denoting quantity (one, two, three, etc.), as opposed to an ordinal number (first, second, third, etc.) 基数，纯数(如 1 、 2 、 3 等，与序数第 1 、第 2 、第 3 等相对)

cardinal point n.  each of the four main points of the compass (N., S., E., W.) (罗盘上的)方位基点(指北、南、东、西)

cardinal virtue n.  each of the chief moral attributes (originally of scholastic philosophy): justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude 基本德性，基本道德(古代经院哲学中的四德：公正、审慎、节制和坚毅)

card index n. & v. ●n.  an index in which each item is entered on a separate card 卡片目录，卡片索引 ●v. tr. (作 card-index)  make a card index of 将…制成卡片索引

carding wool n.  short-stapled wool 短纤维羊毛

cardio- /ˈkɑ:diəʊ/ comb. form  heart (cardiogram 心电图 ; cardiology 心脏病学) [构词成分]心脏 [Greek kardia ‘heart’]

cardiogram /ˈkɑ:diə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a record of muscle activity within the heart, made by a cardiograph 心电图，心动电流图

cardiograph /ˈkɑ:diə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording heart muscle activity, e.g. an electrocardiograph 心电图仪，心电描记器 □ cardiographer  /-ˈɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ cardiography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

cardioid /ˈkɑ:diɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Math.  a heart-shaped curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls around another identical circle 【数】心脏线 2  a directional microphone with a pattern of sensitivity of this shape (灵敏度模式呈心形的)定向麦克风 ●adj.  1  of the shape of a cardioid 心脏线形的 2 (of a microphone) having a cardioid pattern of sensitivity (麦克风)灵敏度模式呈心脏形的 [Greek kardioeidēs ‘heart-shaped’, from kardia ‘heart’ + -OID]

cardiology /kɑ:diˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine concerned with diseases and abnormalities of the heart 心脏病学 □ cardiologist  n.  

cardiomyopathy /ˌkɑ:diəʊmaiˈɒpəθi/ n. Med.  chronic disease of the heart muscle 【医】(尤指原发性的)心肌病

cardiopulmonary /ˌkɑ:diəʊˈpʌlmən(ə)ri/ adj. Med.  of or relating to the heart and the lungs 【医】心肺的

cardiovascular /ˌkɑ:diə(ʊ)ˈvæskjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to the heart and blood vessels (疾病等)心血管的，侵袭心血管的

cardoon /kɑ:ˈdu:n/ n.  a thistle-like plant, Cynara cardunculus, allied to the globe artichoke, with leaves used as a vegetable 刺花蓟(菜蓟属植物，形状像大蓟，与朝鲜蓟有亲缘关系，叶可作蔬菜) [French cardon, ultimately from Latin cardu(u)s ‘thistle’]

cardphone /ˈkɑ:dfəʊn/ n. Brit.  a public telephone operated by the insertion of a prepaid plastic machine-readable card instead of money [英]磁卡(公用)电话

card-playing n.  the playing of card games 玩扑克牌

card-sharp n. (also 亦作 card-sharper)  a swindler at card games (纸牌游戏)作弊老手；以赌博行骗者

card table n.  a table for card-playing, esp. a folding one 牌桌(供玩牌用，尤指折叠式牌桌)

card vote n. Brit.  a block vote, esp. in trade-union meetings [英]凭卡投票法(尤指欧洲某些工会会议的投票)

cardy /ˈkɑ:di/ n. (also 亦作 cardie) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a cardigan [英口]卡迪根式夹克衫 [abbreviation]

care /kɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  worry, anxiety 忧虑，烦恼；挂念 2  an occasion for this 烦恼事，操心事 3  serious attention; heed, caution, pains 注意，留心；小心，谨慎；悲伤  assembled with care  谨慎装配 handle with care  小心轻放 4  a  protection, charge 保护；负责照管b Brit. [英]  = CHILDCARE  5  a thing to be done or seen to 需要做或(照管)的事情 ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, for, whether, if, etc.)  feel concern, interest, or emotion 关心，关怀；感兴趣 2 (foll. by 后跟 for, about, and with neg. expressed or implied 并表达或暗示否定意义)  feel liking, regard, or deference 喜欢，在意，敬重  don't care for jazz  不喜欢爵士乐 don't care about what he thinks  不在乎他怎么想 3 (foll. by 后跟 for or to + infin.)  wish or be willing 希望；愿意  more times than I care to count  次数多得数不过来了 would you care for a cup of coffee?  你想喝杯咖啡吗？ □ care for   provide for; look after 抚养；照料□ care of   at the address of 由某人转交  sent it care of his sister  这封信由他的姐姐转交□ for all one cares  colloq.  denoting uninterest or unconcern [口]与某人全然不相干，不关某人的事  for all I care they can leave tomorrow  他们可以明天离开，与我不相干 I could be dying for all you care  我可能生命垂危也不关你的事□ have a care   take care; be careful 当心，小心□ I etc. couldn't (US also [美亦] could) care less  colloq.  an expression of complete indifference [口] (我等)一点也不在乎；一点也不关心□ in care  Brit. (of a child) taken into the care of a local authority [英] (孩子)由当地政府照料□ take care   1  be careful 当心，注意 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  not fail or neglect 别忘了做，一定做□ take care of   1  look after; keep safe 照料；保管好 2  deal with 对待，对付 3  dispose of 处理 [Old English caru, carian, from Germanic]

careen /kəˈri:n/ v.  1 tr.  turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, caulking, or repair 将船倾侧，将船倾倒(以清洗、捻缝或修理) 2  a intr.  tilt; lean over 倾斜，倚靠b tr.  cause to do this 使倾斜，使倾侧 3 intr. N. Amer.  swerve about; career [北美] (车辆)歪歪斜斜地行驶；猛冲 □ careenage  n.   [earlier as noun, = careened position of ship, from French carène from Italian carena from Latin carina keel]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 3 of careen is influenced by career (v.). careen 一词的释义 3 受动词 career 的影响。 

career /kəˈriə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  one's advancement through life, esp. in a profession (尤指职业方面)生涯，经历b  the progress through history of a group or institution (组织或机构的)发展历程 2  a profession or occupation, esp. as offering advancement 职业，事业；成就，成功 3 (作 attrib.)  a  pursuing or wishing to pursue a career 从事(或希望从事)某个职业  career woman  职业妇女b  working permanently in a specified profession (永久性)从事某个职业  career diplomat  职业外交家 4  swift course; impetus 全速前进；推进  in full career  全速地 ●v. intr.  1  move or swerve about wildly 奔驰，猛冲 2  go swiftly 迅速行走 [in earlier use, a race-course or road: French carrière via Italian carriera from a Romanic word meaning ‘carriage-road’, ultimately from Latin carrus CAR]

careerist /kəˈriərist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person predominantly concerned with personal advancement in a career, esp. by unscrupulous means 一味追求名利者，野心家(尤指为飞黄腾达不择手段的人) ●adj.  intent on such advancement 一味追求名利的 □ careerism  n.  

career structure n.  a recognized pattern of advancement within a job or profession 职业结构

carefree /ˈkɛəfri:/ adj.  free from anxiety or responsibility; light-hearted 轻松愉快的；无忧无虑的；无责任的 □ carefreeness  n.  

careful /ˈkɛəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  painstaking, thorough 用心的，费力的 2  cautious 谨慎的，小心的 3  done with care and attention 仔细的，聚精会神的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  taking care; not neglecting 精心的，不疏忽大意的 5 (foll. by 后跟 for, of)  concerned for; taking care of 关切的，关心的 □ carefully  adv.  □ carefulness  n.   [Old English carful (as CARE, -FUL)]

caregiver /ˈkɛəɡivə/ n.  a person who regularly cares for a child or for an elderly or disabled person (cf. 参见 CARER) (定期)照看孩子(老人、残疾人)者

care label n.  a label attached to clothing, with instructions for washing etc. (为洗涤的衣服附上说明的)使用须知标签

careless /ˈkɛəlis/ adj.  1  not taking care or paying attention 粗心的，疏忽的 2  unthinking, insensitive 考虑不周的；麻木不仁的 3  done without care; inaccurate 草率的；不准切的 4  light-hearted 无忧无虑的 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not concerned about; taking no heed of 不关心的，淡漠的 6  effortless; casual 随便的；顺其自然的 □ carelessly  adv.  □ carelessness  n.   [Old English carlēas (as CARE, -LESS)]

carer /ˈkɛərə/ n. Brit.  a person who cares for a sick or elderly person, esp. a relative at home [英]照看病人(或老人)者，(尤指)在家中照看亲属者

caress /kəˈres/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  touch or stroke gently or lovingly; kiss 轻拍，抚摸；亲吻 2  treat fondly or kindly 爱抚 ●n.  a loving or gentle touch or kiss 爱抚，抚摸；亲吻 □ caressingly  adv.   [French caresse (n.), caresser (v.), from Italian carezza, ultimately from Latin carus ‘dear’]

caret /ˈkærət/ n.  a mark (ʌ, ⁁) indicating a proposed insertion in printing or writing (书写或印刷中的)脱字号，补注号 [Latin, = is lacking]

caretaker /ˈkɛəteikə/ n.  1  a person employed to look after something, esp. a house in the owner's absence, or Brit. a public building 看管人(尤指受雇替人照看房子)；[英] (公共建筑)看门人 2 (作 attrib.)  exercising temporary authority 临时代理的  caretaker government  看守政府

careworn /ˈkɛəwɔ:n/ adj.  showing the effects of prolonged worry 忧心忡忡的

carfare /ˈkɑ:fɛə/ n. N. Amer.  a passenger's fare to travel by public transport [北美] (公共交通的)车费，车资

cargo /ˈkɑ:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a  goods carried on a ship or aircraft (轮船或飞机装载的)货物b  a load of such goods (船、飞机的)装载量 2 US [美]  a  goods carried in a motor vehicle (机动车辆装载的)货物b  a load of such goods (一车的)装载量 [Spanish, = Old French charge from Late Latin car(ri)care: see CHARGE]

cargo cult n. (originally in the Pacific Islands) a belief in the forthcoming arrival of ancestral spirits bringing cargoes of food and other goods 货物崇拜(南太平洋一些岛屿上土著人的迷信，认为祖先的灵魂会给他们带来大量的商品和其他货物)

carhop /ˈkɑ:hɒp/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a waiter at a drive-in restaurant [北美口] (服务到车的)路旁餐馆服务员

cariama var.  of SERIEMA  SERIEMA 的变体

Carib /ˈkærib/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an aboriginal inhabitant of the southern W. Indies or the adjacent coasts 加勒比人(西印度群岛南部或附近海岸上的土著居民) 2  the language of the Caribs 加勒比语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Caribs or their language 加勒比人的；加勒比语的 [Spanish Caribe from Haitian Creole]

Caribbean /kæriˈbi:ən, kəˈribiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  the part of the Atlantic between the southern W. Indies and Central America 加勒比海(大西洋位于西印度群岛南部和中美洲之间的部分) ●adj.  1  of or relating to this region 加勒比海的 2  of the Caribs or their language or culture 加勒比人的；加勒比语的；加勒比文化的

Caribbean Sea n.  加勒比海 [中美洲]

caribou /ˈkæribu:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a N. American reindeer 北美驯鹿 [Canadian French, from Micmac γalipu literally ‘snow-shoveller’]

caricature /ˈkærikətjʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a grotesque usu. comic representation of a person by exaggeration of characteristic traits, in a picture, writing, or mime (漫画、文章、哑剧中对人物的)夸张性模仿(或表演)；漫画手法 2  a ridiculously poor or absurd imitation or version 令人发笑的模仿，拙劣的表演 ●v. tr.  make or give a caricature of 用漫画手法表现 □ caricatural  adj.  □ caricaturist  n.   [French from Italian caricatura, from caricare ‘load, exaggerate’ (as CHARGE)]

caries /ˈkɛəri:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone 龋齿；骨疡，骨疽 [Latin]

carillon /ˈkæriljən, -lɒn, kəˈriljən/ n.  1  a set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically 排钟，钟琴；电子钟琴 2  a tune played on bells 钟乐 3  an organ stop imitating a peal of bells (管风琴上)模仿钟声的音栓 [French from Old French quarregnon ‘peal of four bells’, alteration of Romanic quaternio from Latin quattuor ‘four’]

carina /kəˈrainə, -ˈri:-/ n. Biol.  a keel-shaped structure, esp. the ridge of a bird's breastbone 【生】隆线，脊(尤指鸟的突出胸骨) □ carinal  adj.   [Latin, = keel]

carinate /ˈkærineit, -ət/ adj. (of a bird) having a keeled breastbone (opp. 反义 RATITE) (鸟)有突出胸骨的 [Latin carinatus ‘keeled’ from carina ‘keel’]

caring /ˈkɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  kind, humane 慈善的，仁爱的 2 (作 attrib.)  concerned with looking after the sick, elderly, or disabled 护理的  caring professions  护理职业

carioca /kæriˈəʊkə/ n.  1  a  a Brazilian dance resembling the samba 卡里奥克舞(巴西舞蹈，类似于桑巴舞)b  the music for this 卡里奥克舞曲 2  a native of Rio de Janeiro (巴西)里约热内卢人 [Portuguese]

cariogenic /kɛəriəˈdʒenik, kær-/ adj.  causing caries 引起龋齿的；引起骨疽的

cariole var.  of CARRIOLE  CARRIOLE 的变体

carious /ˈkɛəriəs/ adj. (of bones or teeth) decayed 骨疡的，骨疽的；龋齿的 [Latin cariosus]

carjacking /ˈkɑ:dʒækiŋ/ n.  the hijacking of a car 抢劫(或劫持)汽车 □ carjack  v. tr.  □ carjacker  n.  

carking /ˈkɑ:kiŋ/ adj. archaic  burdensome [古义]沉重的，难以负担的；令人烦恼的  carking care  难以忍受的忧虑 [part. of obsolete verb cark ‘worry, burden’, via Old Norman French carkier from Romanic, related to CHARGE]

Carl /kɑ:l/   卡尔 [人名]

carl /kɑ:l/ n. Sc.  a man; a fellow [苏格兰]男人；小伙子 [Old English from Old Norse karl, related to CHURL]

Carla /ˈkɑ:lə/   卡拉 [人名]

carline /ˈkɑ:lin/ n.  a thistle-like plant of the genus Carlina, esp. C. vulgaris 矮鸡蓟(一种形状似大鳍蓟的植物) [French from medieval Latin carlina, perhaps for cardina (Latin carduus ‘thistle’), associated with Carolus Magnus ‘Charlemagne’, to whom its medicinal properties were said to have been revealed]

carload /ˈkɑ:ləʊd/ n.  1  a quantity that can be carried in a car (车辆的)载荷，一车的量 2 US  the minimum quantity of goods for which a lower rate is charged for transport [美] (低运费率的)整车货物最少吨数

Carlovingian /kɑ:ləˈvindʒiən/ var.  of CAROLINGIAN  CAROLINGIAN 的变体

Carmelite /ˈkɑ:milait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a friar or nun of a contemplative order dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel (天主教)加尔默罗会修士(或修女) ●adj.  of or relating to the Carmelites 加尔默罗会修士(或修女)的 [French Carmelite or medieval Latin carmelita, from Mount Carmel in Palestine, where the order was founded in the 12th c.]

carminative /ˈkɑ:minətiv, kɑ:ˈminətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving flatulence 减轻胃肠气胀的，驱风的 ●n.  a carminative drug (医治胃肠气胀的)驱风止痛剂 [French carminatif -ive, or medieval Latin carminare ‘heal (by incantation)’: related to CHARM]

carmine /ˈkɑ:main, -min/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a vivid crimson colour 胭脂红色(一种深红色)的 ●n.  1  this colour 胭脂红色 2  a vivid crimson pigment made from cochineal (从胭脂虫体中提取的)胭脂红色素 [French carmin or medieval Latin carminium, ultimately from Arabic ḳirmiz KERMES]

carnage /ˈkɑ:nidʒ/ n.  great slaughter, esp. of human beings in battle 大屠杀(尤指战争中对人类的屠杀) [French via Italian carnaggio and medieval Latin carnaticum from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnal /ˈkɑ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the body or flesh; worldly 肉体的；世俗的，尘世的 2  sensual, sexual 肉感的，性感的；性欲的，淫荡的 □ carnality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ carnalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ carnally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin carnalis, from caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnal knowledge n. esp. Law  sexual intercourse 【法律】性交

carnassial /kɑ:ˈnæsiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a carnivore's upper premolar and lower molar teeth) adapted for shearing flesh; sectorial (食肉兽)裂齿的 ●n.  such a tooth (食肉兽的)裂齿，食肉齿 [French carnassier ‘carnivorous’]

carnation1 /kɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a cultivated variety of clove pink, with variously coloured showy flowers 麝香石竹，康乃馨(人工栽培，花色艳丽) [origin uncertain: in 16th c. varying with coronation; perhaps ultimately from a misreading of Arabic karanful ‘clove, clove pink’, from Greek karyophyllon]

carnation2 /kɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a rosy pink colour 肉红色，粉红色 ●adj.  of this colour 肉红色的，粉红色的 [French from Italian carnagione, ultimately from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carnauba /kɑ:ˈnɔ:bə, -ˈnaʊbə/ n.  1  a fan palm, Copernicia cerifera, native to NE Brazil; also called WAX PALM 巴西棕榈树(原产地为巴西东北部地区，亦称蜡棕榈) 2 (in full 全称 carnauba wax)  the yellowish wax exuded by the leaves of this tree and used as a polish etc. 巴西棕榈蜡(用于制作上光蜡等) [Portuguese from Tupi]

carnelian var.  of CORNELIAN  CORNELIAN 的变体

carnet /ˈkɑ:nei/ n.  1  a customs permit to take a motor vehicle across a frontier for a limited period (欧洲过境驾驶的)海关许可证 2 Brit.  a permit allowing use of a campsite [英] (宿营地的)使用许可证 [French, = notebook]

carnival /ˈkɑ:niv(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the festivities usual during the period before Lent in Roman Catholic countries (天主教国家大斋节前持续一周的)狂欢节，嘉年华会b  a festival usu. occurring at a regular date and involving a procession (定期的)表演会；博览会 2  merrymaking, revelry, or a period of such revelry 狂欢作乐，欢宴 3 N. Amer.  a travelling funfair or circus [北美] (流动)游艺团，马戏团 □ carnivalesque  /-ˈlesk/ adj.   [Italian carne-, carnovale via medieval Latin carnelevarium etc. ‘Shrovetide’ from Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’ + levare ‘put away’]

carnivore /ˈkɑ:nivɔ:/ n.  1  a  any mammal of the order Carnivora, with powerful jaws and teeth adapted for stabbing, tearing, and eating flesh, including cats, dogs, and bears 食肉动物(包括猫、狗、熊等)b  any other flesh-eating animal 其他食肉动物 2  a carnivorous plant 食虫植物 [French, from Latin carnivorus CARNIVOROUS]

carnivorous /kɑ:ˈniv(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of an animal) feeding on flesh (动物)食肉的 2 (of a plant) digesting trapped insects or other animal substances (植物)食虫的 3  of or relating to the order Carnivora 食肉目动物的 □ carnivorously  adv.  □ carnivorousness  n.   [Latin carnivorus from caro carnis ‘flesh’ + -VOROUS]

carob /ˈkærəb/ n.  1 (in full 全称 carob tree)  an evergreen tree, Ceratonia siliqua, native to the Mediterranean, bearing edible pods 角豆树(一种长角豆属常青乔木，原产地为地中海，其荚果可食用) 2  its bean-shaped edible seed pod, sometimes used as a substitute for chocolate 角豆荚果(有时用作巧克力的替代品) [obsolete French carobe via medieval Latin carrubia, -um from Arabic karrūba]

Carol /ˈkærəl/   卡罗尔 [人名]

carol /ˈkær(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a joyous song, esp. a Christmas hymn 赞美诗，(尤指)圣诞颂歌 ●v. (carolled, carolling; US [美] caroled, caroling)  1 intr.  sing carols, esp. outdoors at Christmas 合唱圣诞颂歌(尤指圣诞节时在户外挨门挨户地唱) 2 tr. & intr.  sing joyfully 欢乐地唱 □ caroller  n. (US [美] caroler)   [Middle English from Old French carole, caroler, of unknown origin]

Carole /ˈkærəl/   卡罗尔 [人名]

Carolina duck /kærəˈlainə/ n.  a duck of N. American woodland, Aix sponsa 卡罗来纳鸭(鸳鸯属鸟类动物，产于北美林地)

Caroline /ˈkærəlain/ adj.  1 (also 亦作 Carolean /-ˈli:ən/)  of the time of Charles I or II of England 查理时代的(指英国查理一世和二世时代) 2  = CAROLINGIANadj. 2  [Latin Carolus ‘Charles’]

Carolingian /kærəˈlindʒiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Carlovingian /ˌkɑ:ləˈvindʒiən/) ●adj.  1  of or relating to the second Frankish dynasty, founded by Charlemagne (d. 814) 卡洛林王朝的(指查理曼(卒于公元 814 年)建立的法兰克王朝) 2  of a style of script developed in France at the time of Charlemagne 卡洛林小草书体的 ●n.  1  a member of the Carolingian dynasty 卡洛林王朝王室成员 2  the Carolingian style of script 卡洛林小草书体 [French carlovingien from Karl ‘Charles’, on the pattern of mérovingien (see MEROVINGIAN), influenced by Latin Carolus]

carol-singing n.  the singing of carols, esp. by groups who go from door to door at Christmas with the object of raising money 唱圣诞颂歌(尤指以募捐为目的挨门挨户合唱) □ carol-singer  n.  

Carolyn /ˈkærəlin/   卡罗琳 [人名]

carom /ˈkærəm/ n. & v. N. Amer. Billiards [北美]【台球】  ●n.  a cannon 双球连击 ●v. intr.  1  make a carom 使双球连击 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  strike and rebound 撞击而弹回 [abbreviation of carambole from Spanish carambola]

carotene /ˈkærəti:n/ n.  an orange or red plant pigment found in carrots etc. and acting as a source of vitamin A 胡萝卜素 [German Carotin, from Latin carota CARROT]

carotenoid /kəˈrɒtinɔid/ n.  any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, giving colour to plant parts, e.g. ripe tomatoes, autumn leaves, etc. 类胡萝卜素(可使植物各部位呈现黄、橙或红色，如成熟的西红柿、秋叶等)

carotid /kəˈrɒtid/ n. & adj. ●n.  each of the two main arteries carrying blood to the head and neck 颈动脉 ●adj.  of or relating to either of these arteries 颈动脉的 [French carotide or modern Latin carotides from Greek karōtides (pl.), from karoō ‘stupefy’ (compression of these arteries being thought to cause stupor)]

carouse /kəˈraʊz/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  have a noisy or lively drinking party 举行欢宴；狂欢作乐 2  drink heavily 狂饮 ●n.  a noisy or lively drinking party 欢宴，闹宴 □ carousal  n.  □ carouser  n.   [originally as adv. = right out, in the phrase drink carouse from German gar aus trinken]

carousel /kærəˈsel, -ˈzel/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a merry-go-round or roundabout [北美]旋转木马 2  a rotating delivery or conveyor system, esp. for passengers' luggage at an airport 旋转式传送带(尤指在机场运送旅客行李的传送带) 3 hist.  a kind of equestrian tournament [史义]骑术比赛，竞技比武大会 [French carrousel from Italian carosello]

carp1 /kɑ:p/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, esp. Cyprinus carpio, often bred for use as food 鲤鱼(鲤科淡水鱼，常喂养以供食用) [Middle English via Old French carpe from Provençal or from Late Latin carpa]

carp2 /kɑ:p/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  find fault; complain pettily 找茬儿，挑剔；(为小事)抱怨 □ carper  n.   [obsolete Middle English senses ‘talk, say, sing’ from Old Norse karpa ‘to brag’: modern sense from or influenced by Latin carpere ‘pluck at, slander’]

carpaccio /kɑ:ˈpætʃiəʊ/ n.  an Italian delicacy based on thin slices of raw meat or fish 生肉片，生鱼片(一种配有调味汁的意大利美味) [Italian]

carpal /ˈkɑ:p(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the bones in the wrist 腕骨的 ●n.  any of the bones forming the wrist 腕骨 [CARPUS + -AL]

car park n. esp. Brit.  an area for parking cars [尤英]汽车停车场

carpel /ˈkɑ:p(ə)l/ n. Bot.  the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of a stigma, style, and ovary 【植】心皮(雌花的繁殖器官，由柱头、花柱和子房组成) □ carpellary  adj.   [French carpelle or modern Latin carpellum from Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

carpenter /ˈkɑ:p(ə)ntə/ n. & v. ●n.  a person skilled in woodwork, esp. of a structural kind (cf. 参见 JOINER) 木工，木匠 ●v.  1 intr.  do carpentry 做木工活；当木匠 2 tr.  make by means of carpentry (以木工技术)制作 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  construct; fit together 建造；安装 [Middle English & Anglo-French carpenter, Old French carpentier from Late Latin carpentarius (artifex) ‘carriage (-maker)’, from carpentum ‘wagon’ from Gaulish]

carpenter ant n.  any large ant of the genus Camponotus, which bores into wood to nest 蚍蜉，大黑蚁(木工蚁属昆虫，以钻木筑巢为特点)

carpenter bee n.  any of various solitary bees which bore into wood 木蜂(指钻木筑巢独居的蜜蜂)

carpentry /ˈkɑ:p(ə)ntri/ n.  1  the work or occupation of a carpenter 木工手艺，木匠活；木工业 2  woodwork made by a carpenter 木制品，木器；木结构 [Middle English from Old French carpenterie from carpentier CARPENTER]

carpet /ˈkɑ:pit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  thick fabric for covering a floor or stairs 地毯b  a usu. large rug (通常较大的)小地毯 2  an expanse or layer resembling a carpet in being smooth, soft, bright, or thick 地毯状物  carpet of snow  一层厚厚的雪 ●v. tr. (carpeted, carpeting)  1  cover with or as with a carpet 在…铺地毯(或地毯状物) 2 colloq.  reprimand, reprove [口]训斥，责骂 □ on the carpet   1 colloq.  being reprimanded [口]被训斥 2  under consideration 在考虑中，在讨论中□ sweep under the carpet   conceal (a problem or difficulty) in the hope that it will be forgotten 掩盖某事，掩饰困难 [Middle English via Old French carpite or medieval Latin carpita, from obsolete Italian carpita ‘woollen counterpane’, ultimately from Latin carpere ‘pluck, pull to pieces’]

carpet-bag n.  a travelling bag of a kind originally made of carpet-like material 毯制旅行手提包；旅行包

carpet-bagger n.  1 esp. N. Amer.  a political candidate in an area where the candidate has no local connections (originally a northerner in the southern US after the Civil War) [尤北美] (在当地无任何关系的)外来政客，外来候选人(原指美国内战后到南方去的北方人) 2  an unscrupulous opportunist (不择手段的)投机家，冒险家

carpet beetle n.  a small beetle of the genus Anthrenus, whose larvae are destructive to carpets and other materials 皮囊(一种圆皮蠹属小甲虫，其幼虫会毁坏地毯等物)

carpet bombing n.  intensive bombing 地毯式轰炸，面积轰炸

carpeting /ˈkɑ:pitiŋ/ n.  1  material for carpets 地毯织料 2  carpets collectively (总称)地毯

carpet layer n.  a person who lays carpets for a living 靠铺地毯为生的人

carpet slipper n.  a kind of slipper with the upper made originally of carpet-like material (室内穿的以毛绒布作面的)软拖鞋

carpet sweeper n.  a household implement with a revolving brush or brushes for sweeping carpets (有旋转毛刷的)地毯清扫器

car phone n.  a radio-telephone for use in a motor vehicle 汽车电话(一种机动车辆无线电话)

carpology /kɑ:ˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure of fruit and seeds 果实学，果实分类学 [Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

carport /ˈkɑ:pɔ:t/ n.  a shelter with a roof and open sides for a car, usu. beside a house (住房旁边的)汽车棚

carpus /ˈkɑ:pəs/ n. (pl. carpi /-pai/)  the small bones between the forelimb and metacarpus in terrestrial vertebrates, forming the wrist in humans 腕，腕骨(人手腕处的小骨头) [modern Latin, from Greek karpos ‘wrist’]

carr /kɑ:/ n.  1  a marsh or fen, esp. overgrown with shrubs or reclaimed as meadowland 沼泽(尤指长满灌木丛或开垦作草地者) 2  a marshy copse, esp. of alders 沼泽矮林(尤指桤木林) [Old Norse kjarr ‘brushwood’]

carrack /ˈkærək/ n. hist.  a large armed merchant ship [史义]大型武装商船 [Middle English via French caraque and Spanish carraca from Arabic karɑˉkir]

carrageen /ˈkærəɡi:n/ n. (also 亦作 carragheen)  an edible red seaweed, Chondrus crispus, of the northern hemisphere Also called 亦称作 Irish moss 角叉菜(一种可食用的角叉菜属海草，产于北半球) [origin uncertain: perhaps from Irish cosɑˊinín carraige ‘carrageen’, literally ‘little stem of the rock’]

carrageenan /kærəˈɡi:nən/ n.  a mixture of polysaccharides extracted from red and purple seaweeds and used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products 角叉菜胶(用在食品中起粘稠作用) [CARRAGEEN + -an chemical suffix]

carrel /ˈkær(ə)l/ n.  1  a small cubicle for a reader in a library (图书馆中供单人使用的)小单间 2 hist.  a small enclosure or study in a cloister [史义] (修道院中的)小室，小书房 [Old French carole, medieval Latin carola, of unknown origin]

carriage /ˈkæridʒ/ n.  1 Brit.  a railway passenger vehicle [英] (火车)客车厢 2  a wheeled passenger vehicle, esp. one with four wheels and pulled by horses 四轮马拉客车 3 Brit. [英]  a  the conveying of goods (货物)运输b  the cost of this 运费  carriage paid  运费已付 4  the part of a machine (e.g. a typewriter) that carries other parts into the required position (机器，如打字机的)滑动托架 5  a gun carriage 托架；炮架 6  a manner of carrying oneself; one's bearing or deportment 姿势，姿态；举止 [Middle English from Old Northern French cariage, from carier CARRY]

carriage and pair n.  a carriage with two horses pulling it (双马)马车

carriage clock n.  a portable clock in a rectangular case with a handle on top 旅行钟(一种轻便钟表，装在上方有提手的长方形盒子里)

carriage dog n.  a dalmatian 跟车狗 [formerly trained to run behind a carriage as a guard dog]

carriage return key  see 见 RETURN n. 11a 

carriageway /ˈkæridʒwei/ n. Brit.  the part of a road intended for vehicles [英]车行道

carrick bend /ˈkærik bend/ n. Naut.  a kind of knot used to join ropes 【海】单花大绳接结 [BEND2: carrick perhaps from CARRACK]

Carrie /ˈkæri/   卡丽 [人名]

carrier /ˈkæriə/ n.  1  a person or thing that carries 搬运者，携带者；运输工具 2  a person or company undertaking to convey goods or passengers for payment 运输公司；运输业者；搬运工人 3 Brit. [英]  = CARRIER BAG  4  a part of a bicycle etc. for carrying luggage or a passenger (自行车等)载重架 5  a person or animal that may transmit a disease or a hereditary characteristic without suffering from or displaying it 带菌者，带病毒者；遗传特征的隐性携带者 6  = AIRCRAFT CARRIER  7  a substance used to support or convey a pigment, a catalyst, radioactive material, etc. 载体；载气 8 Physics  a mobile electron or hole that carries a charge in a semiconductor 【物理学】载流子 9 Biochem.  a molecule that transfers another molecule or ion, esp. across a cell membrane 【生化】(尤指穿过细胞膜的)递体

carrier bag n. Brit.  a disposable plastic or paper bag with handles [英] (纸或塑料做的)购物袋，手提袋

carrier pigeon n.  a pigeon trained to carry messages tied to its neck or leg 信鸽，传书鸽

carrier wave n.  a high-frequency electromagnetic wave modulated in amplitude or frequency to convey a signal 载波

carriole /ˈkæriəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 cariole)  1  a small open carriage for one (单马)二轮敞篷小马车 2  a covered light cart 有篷的轻便大车 3  a Canadian sledge 加拿大雪橇 [French from Italian carriuola, diminutive of carro CAR]

carrion /ˈkæriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  dead putrefying flesh (尸体的)腐肉 2  something vile or filthy 肮脏的东西，污浊的东西 ●adj.  rotten, loathsome 腐烂的；污秽的；讨厌的 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Norman French caroine, -oigne, Old French charoigne, ultimately from Latin caro ‘flesh’]

carrion crow n.  a black crow, Corvus corone, native to Europe, feeding mainly on carrion 小嘴乌鸦(鸦属鸟类，原产于欧洲，以食腐肉为主)

carrion flower n.  = STAPELIA 

carrot /ˈkærət/ n.  1  a  an umbelliferous plant, Daucus carota, with a tapering orange-coloured root 胡萝卜(胡萝卜属植物，其根为橘红色锥形体，可食)b  this root as a vegetable (蔬菜)胡萝卜 2  a means of enticement or persuasion (frequently opposed to stick) 诱惑的手段；说服的方法(常与“大棒”相对) 3 (in pl. 用复数) slang  a red-haired person [俚语]红头发的人 □ carroty  adj.  胡萝卜色的，橘红色的；有红头发的 [French carotte via Latin carota from Greek karōton]

carry /ˈkæri/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  support or hold up, esp. while moving (尤指边行走边用手或肩)提，抱，背，扛 2 tr.  convey with one from one place to another 运送，运载 3 tr.  have on one's person 携带，带着  carry a watch  带了块手表 4 tr.  conduct or transmit 传递，输送  pipe carries water  管道输水 wire carries electric current  电线输电 5 tr.  take (a process etc.) to a specified point 使…达到某一点  carry into effect  使生效 carry a joke too far  玩笑开得过了头 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  continue or prolong 继续，延长  carry modesty to excess  过分谦虚 7 tr.  involve, imply; have as a feature or consequence 带有；含有；具有(特征或重要性)  carries a two-year guarantee  有两年的保修期 principles carry consequences  原则是很重要的 8 tr. (in reckoning) transfer (a figure) to a column of higher value (计算中)使进位 9 tr.  hold in a specified way 使保持某种姿势(或神态)  carry oneself erect  把身子挺直 10 tr.  a (of a newspaper or magazine) publish; include in its contents, esp. regularly (尤指报纸或杂志定期地)刊载；刊出b (of a radio or television station) broadcast, esp. regularly (尤指电台或电视台定期地)播出 11 tr. (of a retailing outlet) keep a regular stock of (particular goods for sale) (指零售点对某种商品)备有存货  have stopped carrying that brand  已不再备有那种品牌的货 12 intr.  a (of sound, esp. a voice) be audible at a distance (声音，尤指嗓音)能传到(某个距离)b (of a missile) travel, penetrate (导弹)能达到(某个地点)，能穿透 13 tr. (of a gun etc.) propel to a specified distance (枪炮等的)射程为 14 tr.  a  win victory or acceptance for (a proposal etc.) 使获胜；使(建议等)被接受b  win acceptance from 得到…的认可  carried the audience with them  (他们)深深打动了观众c  win, capture (a prize, a fortress, etc.) 赢得(奖品)；攻克(堡垒)d US  gain (a state or district) in an election [美]在(一州或选区)选举获胜e Golf  cause the ball to pass beyond (a bunker etc.) 【高尔夫球】把球击过(障碍物等) 15 tr.  a  endure the weight of; support 支撑，承载  columns carry the dome  柱子支撑屋顶b  be the chief cause of the effectiveness of; be the driving force in 主持；推动  you carry the sales department  你主持销售部的工作 16 tr.  be pregnant with 怀胎  is carrying twins  怀了双胞胎 17 tr.  a (of a motive, money, etc.) cause or enable (a person) to go to a specified place (动机)使…去某地；(金钱)使…能够去某地b (of a journey) bring (a person) to a specified point (旅途)把…带到某处 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an act of carrying 运载，携带 2 Golf  the distance a ball travels before reaching the ground 【高尔夫球】(球落地之前的)飞行距离 3  a portage between rivers etc. (河流之间的)陆上运送 4  the range of a gun etc. (枪炮等的)射程 □ carry all before one   gain complete success; overcome all opposition 大获全胜；战胜所有对手□ carry away   1  remove 搬走，拿走 2  inspire; affect emotionally or spiritually 使激动；在感情(或精神)上影响 3  deprive of self-control 失去自我控制力  got carried away  被…冲昏了头脑 4 Naut. 【海】  a  lose (a mast etc.) by breakage (桅杆)折断，失去桅杆b  break off or away 脱离，脱落□ carry back   take (a person) back in thought to a past time 使回想；使陷入回忆□ carry one's bat  Cricket  be not out at the end of a side's completed innings 【板球】坚持到底(指在一局结束时尚未被判令出局)□ carry the can  Brit. colloq.  bear the responsibility or blame [英口]代人受过，背黑锅□ carry conviction   be convincing 有说服力，令人信服□ carry the day   be victorious or successful (在竞赛、辩论中)得胜；占上风□ carry forward   transfer to a new page or account 把(账目)转入次页；结转□ carry it off (or carry it off well)   do well under difficulties (在困难情况下)把…做好□ carry off   1  take away, esp. by force 夺走；拿走 2  win (a prize) 赢得(奖励等) 3 (esp. of a disease) kill (尤指疾病)夺去生命 4  render acceptable or passable 使可接受，使过得去□ carry on   1  continue 继续进行  carry on eating  继续吃饭 carry on, don't mind me  接着做，别管我 2  engage in (a conversation or a business) 喋喋不休地说；经营生意 3 colloq.  behave strangely or excitedly [口]行动失常；吵吵闹闹 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Brit. colloq.  flirt or have a love affair [英口]调情；有不正当男女关系 5  advance (a process) by a stage 前进一步，上一个台阶□ carry out   put (ideas, instructions, etc.) into practice 实行，执行，贯彻□ carry over   1  = carry forward  2  postpone (work etc.) 推迟(工作等)，把…延后处理 3 Stock Exch.  keep over to the next settling day 【股】转下期交割□ carry through   1  complete successfully 完成，成功 2  bring safely out of difficulties 使渡过难关□ carry weight   be influential or important 有份量；有影响，有重要性□ carry with one   bear in mind 记住；留在记忆中 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French carier (as CAR)]

carry-all n.  1  a light carriage (cf. 参见 CARRIOLE) 单马有篷轻便马车 2 US  a car with seats placed sideways [美] (车箱两边设有座位的)大型汽车 3 N. Amer.  a large bag or case [北美]大手提包(或箱)

carrycot /ˈkærikɒt/ n. Brit.  a portable cot for a baby [英]手提式婴儿车

carrying capacity n.  1  the quantity of people, things, etc., which can be conveyed by a vehicle, container, etc. (车辆的)运载能力；(容器的)容纳量 2 Ecol.  the number of people, animals, or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation 【态】(在不发生环境退化的前提下一个地区对人口、动物或农作物的)承载能力

carryings-on n. pl. (also 亦作 carrying-on)  = CARRY-ON 

carrying trade n.  the conveying of goods from one country to another by water or air as a business (国际)运输业

carry-on n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a state of excitement or fuss 激动；大惊小怪 2  a questionable piece of behaviour 轻率的行为 3  a flirtation or love affair 调情；轻浮的恋爱

carry-out attrib. adj. & n. esp. Sc. & US [尤苏格兰和美]  = TAKEAWAY 

carry-over n.  1  something carried over 留下的部分；剩余物 2 Stock Exch.  postponement to the next settling day 【股】转下期交割

carse /kɑ:s/ n. Sc.  fertile lowland beside a river [苏格兰] (河边的)冲积平原 [Middle English, perhaps from carrs ‘swamps’]

carsick /ˈkɑ:sik/ adj.  affected with nausea caused by the motion of a car 晕车的 □ carsickness  n.  

cart /kɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong vehicle with two or four wheels for carrying loads, usu. drawn by a horse (通常指马拉的)大车 2  a light vehicle for pulling by hand 小车，手推车 3  a light vehicle with two wheels for driving in, drawn by a single horse 单马轻型二轮车 4 US (in full 全称 shopping cart)  a supermarket trolley [美] (超市)购物手推车 ●v. tr.  1  convey in or as in a cart 用大车运送，载运 2 colloq.  carry (esp. a cumbersome thing) with difficulty or over a long distance [口] (尤指笨重物品)费力地运送；远途运送  carted it all the way home  一直把它运回家 □ cart off   remove, esp. by force (尤指用力)去掉；除去□ in the cart  Brit. slang  in trouble or difficulty [英] [俚语]为难，陷入困境□ put the cart before the horse   1  reverse the proper order or procedure (指说话或做事)颠倒次序，本末倒置 2  take an effect for a cause 把结果当成原因□ carter  n.  赶大车的人；卡车司机□ cartful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old Norse kartr cart (= Old English crœt), probably influenced by Anglo-French & Old Northern French carete, diminutive of carre CAR]

cartage /ˈkɑ:tidʒ/ n.  the price paid for carting 运费

carte var.  of QUART  4 QUART 4 的变体

carte blanche /kɑ:t ˈblɑ:nʃ/ n.  full discretionary power given to a person 全权，处理自由权 [French, = blank paper]

cartel /kɑ:ˈtel/ n.  1  an informal association of manufacturers or suppliers to maintain prices at a high level, and control production, marketing arrangements, etc. 卡特尔，同业联盟(生产厂家或供应商为控制生产、价格和市场而采取的非正式联合) 2  a political combination between parties (政党之间的)联盟；政治集团 □ cartelize  /ˈkɑ:t(ə)laiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (使)  组成卡特尔(或联盟) [in earlier use = a written challenge or agreement: German Kartell via French cartel from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta CARD1]

Cartesian /kɑ:ˈti:zjən, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to R. Descartes, 17th-c. French philosopher and mathematician (17 世纪法国哲学家和数学家)笛卡尔的；笛卡尔哲学的 ●n.  a follower of Descartes 笛卡尔的信徒，笛卡尔主义者 □ Cartesianism  n.   [modern Latin Cartesianus from Cartesius, Latinized form of the name of Descartes]

Cartesian coordinates n. pl.  a system for locating a point by reference to its distance from two or three axes intersecting at right angles 笛卡尔坐标(通过两条或三条轴线与直角相交隔开的距离来确定某一点位置的方法)

carthorse /ˈkɑ:thɔ:s/ n.  a thickset horse suitable for heavy work (适于拉车、干重活的)膘肥体壮的马

Carthusian /kɑ:ˈθju:ziən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a monk or nun of an austere contemplative order founded by St Bruno in 1084 (圣布鲁诺于 1084 年建立的)天主教加尔都西会隐修修士(或修女) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 天主教加尔都西会隐修修士(或修女)的 [medieval Latin Carthusianus from Latin Cart(h)usia ‘Chartreuse’, near Grenoble, where the order was founded]

cartilage /ˈkɑ:t(i)lidʒ/ n.  a firm flexible connective tissue forming the infant skeleton, which is mainly replaced by bone in adulthood; gristle (幼儿骨骼中的)软骨；软骨结构 □ cartilaginoid  /-ˈlædʒinɔid/ adj.  □ cartilaginous  /-ˈlædʒinəs/ adj.   [French, from Latin cartilago-ginis]

cartilaginous fish n.  a fish of the class Selachii, with a skeleton of cartilage rather than bone, e.g. a shark, a ray 软骨鱼(如鲨鱼、鳐鱼等)

cartload /ˈkɑ:tləʊd/ n.  1  an amount filling a cart 一大车的装载量 2  a large quantity of anything 大量，大批

cartogram /ˈkɑ:təɡræm/ n.  a map with diagrammatic statistical information (用统计资料绘制的)统计地图 [French cartogramme from carte ‘map, card’]

cartography /kɑ:ˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science or practice of map-drawing 地图绘制；制图学，制图法 □ cartographer  n.  □ cartographic  /-təˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cartographical  /-təˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [French cartographie from carte ‘map, card’]

cartomancy /ˈkɑ:təmænsi/ n.  fortune-telling by interpreting a random selection of playing cards 纸牌占卜 [French cartomancie from carte CARD1]

carton /ˈkɑ:t(ə)n/ n.  a light box or container, esp. one made of cardboard 纸板盒，纸板箱 [French (as CARTOON)]

cartoon /kɑ:ˈtu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a humorous drawing in a newspaper, magazine, etc., esp. as a topical comment 漫画，讽刺画，幽默画 2  a sequence of drawings, often with speech indicated, telling a story 连环漫画 3  a filmed sequence of drawings using the technique of animation 动画片，卡通 4  a full-size drawing on stout paper as an artist's preliminary design for a painting, tapestry, mosaic, etc. (油画、挂毯、镶嵌等的)草图，底图 ●v.  1 tr.  draw a cartoon of 将…画入漫画；为…绘草图 2 intr.  draw cartoons 画漫画；绘草图 □ cartoonish  adj.  □ cartoonist  n.  □ cartoony  adj.   [Italian cartone from carta CARD1]

cartoon strip n.  = COMIC STRIP 

cartouche /kɑ:ˈtu:ʃ/ n.  1  a Archit.  a scroll-like ornament, e.g. the volute of an Ionic capital 【建】涡卷形装饰(如爱奥尼亚柱头上的螺旋饰)b  a tablet imitating, or a drawing of, a scroll with rolled-up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription (用作装饰物或书写题词的)卷边形牌匾，画卷c  an ornate frame 装饰华丽的框架 2 Archaeol.  an oval ring enclosing Egyptian hieroglyphs, usu. representing the name and title of a king 【考古】(古埃及圈在统治者名字周围，通常代表国王名字的)椭圆图形 [French, = cartridge, from Italian cartoccio, from carta CARD1]

cartridge /ˈkɑ:tridʒ/ n.  1  a casing containing a charge of propelling explosive for firearms or blasting, with the addition of a bullet or shot if for small arms 子弹；弹药筒；弹壳 2  a spool of film, magnetic tape, etc., in a sealed container ready for insertion (暗盒)胶卷；盒式磁带 3  a component carrying the stylus on the pick-up head of a record player (电唱机的)拾音头 4  an ink-container for insertion in a pen (钢笔的)墨水囊，笔芯 [corruption of CARTOUCHE (but recorded earlier)]

cartridge belt n.  a belt with pockets or loops for cartridges (see 见 CARTRIDGE 1) 子弹带

cartridge paper n.  thick rough paper used for cartridges, for drawing, and for strong envelopes 弹药纸，弹壳纸；(用于绘画、做信封等的)厚纸

cart track n.  a track or road too rough for ordinary vehicles (普通车辆无法行驶的)崎岖道路

cartwheel /ˈkɑ:twi:l/ n.  1  the (usu. spoked) wheel of a cart (通常装有辐条的)大车车轮 2  a circular sideways handspring with the arms and legs extended (体操动作)侧手翻

cartwright /ˈkɑ:trait/ n.  a maker of carts 造车匠

caruncle /ˈkærəŋk(ə)l, kəˈrʌŋ-/ n.  1 Zool.  a fleshy excrescence, e.g. a turkeycock's wattles or the red prominence at the inner angle of the eye 【动】肉冠，垂肉(如雄火鸡的肉垂或内眼角处的肉阜) 2 Bot.  an outgrowth from a seed near the micropyle 【植】种阜(靠近珠孔的种子外阜) □ caruncular  /-kjʊlə/ adj.   [obsolete French from Latin caruncula, from caro carnis ‘flesh’]

carve /kɑ:v/ v.  1 tr.  produce or shape (a statue, representation in relief, etc.) by cutting into a hard material 雕刻，刻(塑像、浮雕等)  carved a figure out of rock  用石头雕刻人像 carved it in wood  把它刻在木头上面 2 tr.  a  cut patterns, designs, letters, etc. in (hard material) (在坚硬材料上)雕刻图案(花样、字母等)b (foll. by 后跟 into)  form a pattern, design, etc., from 雕成图案(或花样)  carved it into a bust  把它雕刻成一尊半身像c (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover or decorate (material) with figures or designs cut in it (以雕刻的人像或图案)覆盖，装饰 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cut (meat etc.) into slices for eating 把(肉等)切成片 □ carve out   1  take from a larger whole 切下，切开 2  establish (a career etc.) purposefully 创业；成名  carved out a name for themselves  为他们自己赢得了名声□ carve up   1  divide into several pieces; subdivide (territory etc.) 划分，分割；瓜分 2  drive aggressively into the path of (another vehicle) (车辆)抢道 [Old English ceorfan ‘cut’, from West Germanic]

carvel var.  of CARAVEL  CARAVEL 的变体

carvel-built adj. (of a boat) made with planks flush, not overlapping (cf. 参见 CLINKER-BUILT) (船只)外板平接的

carven /ˈkɑ:v(ə)n/ archaic [古义] past part.  of CARVE 

Carver /ˈkɑ:və/ n. US  a chair with arms, a rush seat, and a back having horizontal and vertical spindles [美]卡弗椅(有扶手、灯心草座和纵横支柱的靠背) [named after J. Carver, first governor of Plymouth Colony, d. 1621, for whom a prototype was allegedly made]

carver /ˈkɑ:və/ n.  1  a person who carves 雕刻者；切肉者 2  a  a carving knife 刻刀；切肉刀b (in pl. 用复数)  a knife and fork for carving (切肉用的)刀叉 3 Brit.  the principal chair, with arms, in a set of dining chairs, intended for the person who carves [英] (一套餐桌椅子中为切肉者准备的)扶手椅■Usage 用法说明 Note the distinction between sense 3 of carver and Carver. 注意 carver 的释义 3 与 Carver 的区别。 

carvery /ˈkɑ:vəri/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit.  a buffet or restaurant with cooked joints displayed, and carved as required, in front of customers [尤英] (出售大块熟肉，按顾客要求当面切碎的)快餐馆，饭店

carve-up n. Brit. slang  a sharing-out, esp. of spoils [英] [俚语]瓜分(尤指战利品)；分赃

carving /ˈkɑ:viŋ/ n.  a carved object, esp. as a work of art (尤指作为雕刻艺术的)雕刻品

carving knife n.  a knife with a long blade, for carving meat 切肉刀

car wash n.  1  an establishment containing equipment for washing vehicles automatically 汽车擦洗房 2  the equipment itself 洗车设备

caryatid /kæriˈætid/ n. (pl. caryatides /-di:z/ or caryatids) Archit.  a pillar in the form of a draped female figure, supporting an entablature 【建】(支撑过梁的)女像柱 [French caryatide from Italian cariatide or their Latin source, from Greek karuatis -idos ‘priestess at Caryae’ (Karuai) in Laconia]

caryopsis /kæriˈɒpsis/ n. (pl. caryopses /-si:z/) Bot.  a dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in wheat and maize 【植】颖果(只含一粒种子，如小麦、玉米) [modern Latin, from Greek karuon ‘nut’ + opsis ‘appearance’]

Casanova /kæsəˈnəʊvə, -z-/ n.  a man notorious for seducing women 卡萨诺瓦式的人物，乱搞男女关系的男子 [G. J. Casanova de Seingalt, Italian adventurer d. 1798]

casbah var.  of KASBAH  KASBAH 的变体

cascade /kæsˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small waterfall, esp. forming one in a series or part of a large broken waterfall 小瀑布(尤指大瀑布的分支) 2  a mass or quantity (of material, hair, etc.) in descending waves 瀑布状物(绸缎、头发等呈瀑布状松垂下来形成的褶皱) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a succession (of notes, ideas, etc.) 一系列的(音符)；一连串的(想法) 4  a  a process consisting of a series of similar stages with a cumulative effect (排成连续阶段的)过程b  a succession of devices, events, etc., each of which triggers or initiates the next 一系列的装置；一连串的事件 ●v. intr.  fall in or like a cascade 似瀑布般落下 [French from Italian cascata, from cascare ‘to fall’, ultimately from Latin casus: see CASE1]

cascara /kæˈskɑ:rə/ n. (in full 全称 cascara sagrada /səˈɡrɑ:də/)  the bark of a Californian buckthorn, Rhamnus purshiana, used as a purgative 鼠李树皮(产于加利福尼亚，用作泻药) [Spanish, = sacred bark]

case1 /keis/ n.  1  an instance of something occurring 事例，实例 2  a state of affairs, hypothetical or actual (假设或实际的)情况，情形 3  a  an instance of a person receiving professional guidance or treatment, e.g. from a doctor or social worker 病例；(社会福利部门的)帮助对象b  this person or the circumstances involved 患者；病症 4  a matter under official investigation, esp. by the police 官方(尤警方)调查的事情；案件 5 Law 【法律】  a  a cause or suit for trial 诉讼，讼案b  a statement of the facts in a cause subjudice, drawn up for a higher court's consideration (待审案件报请上级法院审理的)陈述事实，报告  judge states a case  法官陈述诉讼事实c  a cause that has been decided and may be cited (已经判决的)案件，案例  leading case  要案 6  a  the sum of the arguments on one side, esp. in a lawsuit (诉讼一方所提出的)辩护事实概要  that is our case  这就是我们的辩护事实b  a set of arguments, esp. in relation to persuasiveness (用于劝说的)一套论点，论据  have a good case  论据充分 have a weak case  论据不充分c  a valid set of arguments 有根据的论点，令人信服的论点  have no case  找不到有根据的论点 7 Gram. 【语法】  a  the relation of a word to other words in a sentence 格(一单词与句中其他词语的关系)b  a form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun expressing this (名词、形容词或代词的)格 8 colloq.  a comical person [口]滑稽的人 9  one's position or circumstances (某人的)处境，情况  in our case  就我们的情况而言 □ as the case may be   according to the situation 根据具体情况；或许□ in any case   whatever the truth is; whatever may happen; what's more 无论如何，不管怎样；况且□ in case   1  in the event that; if 假使，如果 2  lest; in provision against a stated or implied possibility 免得，以免；以防万一  take an umbrella in case it rains  带把雨伞，免得下雨挨淋 took it in case  带上它以防万一□ in case of   in the event of 假使，如果发生…□ in the case of   as regards 至于，就…而言□ in no case   under no circumstances 无论如何也不，决不□ in that case   if that is true; should that happen 既然如此；如果那样的话□ is (or is not) the case   is (or is not) so 情况确实(并非)如此 [Middle English in the sense ‘a thing that befalls’: via Old French cas from Latin casus ‘fall’, from cadere cas- ‘to fall’]

case2 /keis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container or covering serving to enclose or contain 箱，盒；套，罩 2  a container with its contents 容器及内装物 3  the outer protective covering of a watch, book, seed vessel, sausage, etc. (钟表、书籍、种子、香肠等的)保护性外壳 4 Brit.  an item of luggage, esp. a suitcase [英]一件行李(尤指衣箱) 5 Printing  a partitioned receptacle for type 【印刷】字盘，活字(分格)盘 6  a glass box for showing specimens, curiosities, etc. (展示样品、珍品等的)玻璃匣 ●v. tr.  1  enclose in a case 把…装箱，把…装盒 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  surround 包，盖 3 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 case the joint) slang  reconnoitre (a house etc.), esp. with a view to robbery [俚语] (尤指企图抢劫时)察看，探察(房子等) [Middle English via Old French casse, chasse from Latin capsa, from capere ‘hold’]

casebook /ˈkeisbʊk/ n.  a book containing a record of legal or medical cases 案例选辑；病例记录

case-bound adj. (of a book) in a hard cover (书籍)硬面精装的

case-harden v. tr.  1  harden the surface of, esp. give a steel surface to (iron) by carbonizing 使…表面硬化(尤指使铁表面渗碳而硬化) 2  make callous 使麻木不仁，使冷酷无情

case history n.  information about a person for use in professional treatment, e.g. by a doctor 病历；病例记录

casein /ˈkeisi:n, -siin/ n.  the main protein in milk, which occurs in coagulated form in cheese, and is used in plastics, adhesives, paint, etc. 酪蛋白，酪素(牛奶中的主要蛋白质成分，在奶酪中以凝固形式出现，可用于塑料、粘贴剂、油漆等) [Latin caseus ‘cheese’]

case knife n.  a knife carried in a sheath 有鞘的刀；餐刀

case law n.  the law as established by the outcome of former cases (cf. 参见 COMMON LAW, STATUTE LAW) 判例法(以过去的判例为根据的法律)

caseload /ˈkeisləʊd/ n.  the cases with which a doctor etc. is concerned at one time (一个医生一次负责的)总病例数

casemate /ˈkeismeit/ n.  1  a chamber in the thickness of the wall of a fortress, with embrasures 暗炮台，暗枪眼 2  an armoured enclosure for guns on a warship (军舰上的)炮塔 [French casemate & Italian casamatta or Spanish -mata, from camata, perhaps from Greek khasma -atos ‘gap’]

casement /ˈkeism(ə)nt/ n.  1  a window or part of a window hinged vertically to open like a door 半开窗；门式窗 2 poet.  a window [诗]窗口 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin cassimentum, from cassa CASE2]

case of conscience n.  a matter in which one's conscience has to decide a conflict of principles 凭良心的事

case-shot n.  1  bullets in an iron case fired from a cannon (大炮的)弹丸 2  shrapnel 榴霰弹

case study n.  1  an attempt to understand a person, institution, etc., from collected information 案例分析个案研究 2  a record of such an attempt 个案研究记录 3  the use of a particular instance as an exemplar of general principles 案例分析法；个案研究法

casework /ˈkeiswɜ:k/ n.  social work concerned with individuals, esp. involving understanding of the client's family and background 社会工作(尤指对当事人家庭和社会背景的了解) □ caseworker  n.  

cash1 /kæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  money in coins or notes, as distinct from cheques or orders 钱，现金，现款(区别于支票或汇票) 2 (also 亦作 cash down)  money paid as full payment at the time of purchase, as distinct from credit (区别于赊欠的)现金支付，现金交易 3 colloq.  wealth [口]财富；金钱 ●v. tr.  give or obtain cash for (a note, cheque, etc.) 把(票据、支票等)兑换成现金 □ cash in   1  obtain cash for 把…兑换成现金 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) colloq.  profit (from); take advantage (of) [口]从…中获利；靠…赚钱 3  pay into a bank etc. 把(款项)存入银行 4 (in full 全形 cash in one's checks) colloq.  die [口]死去□ cash up  Brit.  count and check cash takings at the end of a day's trading [英] (商店等)结算(一天所收入的款项)□ cashable  adj.  □ cashless  adj.   [in earlier use = a box for money: obsolete French casse ‘box’ or Italian cassa, from Latin capsa CASE2]

cash2 /kæʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同) hist.  any of various small coins of China or the E. Indies [史义] (中国或东印度群岛)小钱；方孔铜钱 [Portuguese ca(i)xa via Tamil kɑˉsu from Sanskrit karsha, influenced by CASH1]

cash and carry n.  1  a system of wholesaling in which goods are paid for in cash and taken away by the purchaser 现款取货(批发业务中顾客付现款后自己将购买货物带走) 2  a store where this system operates 现款取货商店

cash book n.  a book in which receipts and payments of cash are recorded 现金账簿

cash box n.  a box for keeping cash in 钱箱，银箱

cash card n. Brit.  a plastic card (see 见 CARD1 n. 9a) which enables the holder to draw money from a cash dispenser [英]自动取款卡(持卡人可用它在自动提款机上取款)

cash cow n. colloq.  a business, or part of one, that provides a steady cash flow [口] (源源不断提供现金收入的)赚钱生意

cash crop n.  a crop produced for sale, not for use as food etc. 商品作物，经济作物(用于出售而非自己食用的农作物)

cash desk n.  a counter or compartment in a shop where goods are paid for (商店等的)付款处；收银台

cash dispenser n. Brit.  an automatic machine from which customers of a bank etc. may withdraw cash, esp. by using a cash card [英] (尤指使用自动取款卡的)自动提款机

cashew /ˈkæʃu:, kəˈʃu:/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cashew tree)  a bushy evergreen tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to Central and S. America, bearing kidney-shaped nuts attached to fleshy fruits 腰果树(一种腰果属常青乔木，原产地为中、南美洲，其肾状坚果附着在肉质果上) 2 (in full 全称 cashew nut)  the edible nut of this tree 腰果 [Portuguese from Tupi (a)caju]

cashew apple n.  the edible fleshy fruit of the cashew tree (腰果树的)肉质果

cash flow n.  the movement of money into and out of a business, as a measure of profitability, or as affecting liquidity 现金流动；现金周转

cashier1 /kæˈʃiə/ n.  a person dealing with cash transactions in a shop, bank, etc. (商店、银行等的)出纳员，收银员 [Dutch cassier or French caissier (as CASH1)]

cashier2 /kəˈʃiə, kæ-/ v. tr.  dismiss from service, esp. from the armed forces with disgrace (尤指军队中不体面地)撤职，开除 [Flemish kasseren ‘disband, revoke’ via French casser from Latin quassare QUASH]

cashmere /kæʃˈmiə, ˈkæʃmiə/ n.  1  a fine soft wool, esp. that of a breed of Himalayan goat 开士米，山羊绒(尤指喜马拉雅山山羊绒) 2  a material made from this 开士米织物 [Kashmir in Asia]

cash on delivery n.  a system of paying the carrier for goods when they are delivered 货到付款，交货付款

cashpoint /ˈkæʃpɔint/ n. Brit. [英]  = CASH DISPENSER 

cash register n.  a machine in a shop etc. with a drawer for money, recording the amount of each sale, totalling receipts, etc. 现金出纳机，现金进出记录机

casing /ˈkeisiŋ/ n.  1  a protective or enclosing cover or shell (保护或封闭用)箱，盒；套，罩，壳 2  the material for this 做箱(盒等)的材料

casino /kəˈsi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a public room or building for gambling 卡西诺赌场；娱乐场 [Italian, diminutive of casa ‘house’, from Latin casa ‘cottage’]

cask /kɑ:sk/ n.  1  a large barrel-like container made of wood, metal, or plastic, esp. one for alcoholic liquor (尤指装酒精饮料的)大型桶状容器 2  its contents (桶装的)物品 3  its capacity (桶的)容量 [French casque or Spanish casco ‘helmet’]

casket /ˈkɑ:skit/ n.  1  a small often ornamental box or chest for jewels, letters, etc. (盛珠宝、信件等的有装饰的)小盒，小箱 2  a Brit.  a small wooden box for cremated ashes [英]骨灰盒b N. Amer.  a coffin, esp. a rectangular one [北美] (尤指长方形的)棺材 [perhaps from Anglo-French form of Old French cassette from Italian cassetta, diminutive of cassa, from Latin capsa CASE2]

Caspian Sea n.  里海 [欧亚之间]

casque /kɑ:sk/ n.  1 hist. or poet.  a helmet [史义] [诗]头盔 2 Zool.  a helmet-like structure, e.g. the process on the bill of the cassowary 【动】盔状突(如食火鸡嘴上的突起物) [French from Spanish casco]

Cassandra /kəˈsændrə/ n.  a prophet of disaster, esp. one who is disregarded 凶事预言者(尤指预言虽准但不被理会者) [Latin from Greek Kassandra, the name of a daughter of Priam King of Troy: she was condemned by Apollo to prophesy correctly but not be believed]

cassata /kəˈsɑ:tə/ n.  a type of ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts 卡萨它冰淇淋(一种有果脯或干果的冰淇淋) [Italian]

cassation /kəˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. Mus.  an informal instrumental composition of the 18th c., similar to a divertimento and originally often for outdoor performance 【音】室外嬉游曲 (18 世纪的一种非正式小型器乐曲) [German Kassation ‘serenade’ from Italian cassazione]

cassava /kəˈsɑ:və/ n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Manihot (spurge family), esp. the cultivated varieties M. esculenta (bitter cassava 苦木薯) and M. dulcis (sweet cassava 甜木薯), having starchy tuberous roots 木薯(一种人工栽培的木薯属植物，其根茎淀粉含量丰富)b  the roots themselves 木薯根茎 2  a starch or flour obtained from these roots Also called 亦称作 manioc. See also 亦见 TAPIOCA 木薯淀粉 [Taino casavi, influenced by French cassave]

Cassegrain telescope /ˈkæsiɡrein/ n.  a reflecting telescope in which light reflected from a convex secondary mirror passes through a hole in the primary mirror 卡塞格伦望远镜(一种折射式望远镜，从凸面次镜中折射出来的光穿过主镜中的一个孔而形成折射) [named after N. Cassegrain, 17th-cent. French scientist, who devised it]

casserole /ˈkæsərəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covered dish, usu. of earthenware or glass, in which food is cooked, esp. slowly in the oven (用文火烧菜用的)陶器(或玻璃)焙盘；沙锅 2  food cooked in a casserole 沙锅饭菜 ●v. tr.  cook in a casserole 用焙盘烧；用沙锅煮 [French from cassole, diminutive of casse, via Provençal casa and Late Latin cattia ‘ladle, pan’ from Greek kuathion, diminutive of kuathos ‘cup’]

cassette /kəˈset/ n. a sealed case containing a length of tape, ribbon, etc., ready for insertion in a machine, esp. (盛磁带或色带的)封闭小盒，(尤指):  1  a length of audiotape or videotape wound on to spools, ready for insertion in a tape recorder or video recorder 录音带；录像带 2  a length of photographic film, ready for insertion in a camera 胶卷 [French, diminutive of casse CASE2]

cassette deck n.  a tape deck for playing and recording audio cassettes (录音机)磁带录放装置

cassette player n.  a tape recorder for playing back audio cassettes 盒式磁带放音机

cassette recorder n.  a tape recorder for recording and playing back audio cassettes 盒式磁带录音机

cassette tape n.  a cassette of esp. audiotape (尤指)盒式录音带

cassia /ˈkæsiə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cassia tree)  any tree of the genus Cassia, bearing leaves from which senna is extracted 山扁豆(决明属植物，其叶可提取通便药番泻叶) 2  the cinnamon-like bark of this tree used as a spice (用作调料的)桂皮，肉桂 [Latin via Greek kasia from Hebrew ḳĕṣî'ɑˉh ‘bark like cinnamon’]

cassingle /kæˈsiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. colloq.  an audio cassette containing a single piece of (usu. popular) music on each side [口] (全带只录一首(通常为流行音乐)的)单曲盒式磁带 [portmanteau word from CASSETTE + SINGLE]

cassis /kæˈsi:s, ˈkæsis/ n.  a syrupy usu. alcoholic blackcurrant flavouring for drinks etc. 黑茶藨子甜酒 [French, = blackcurrant]

cassiterite /kəˈsitərait/ n.  a naturally occurring ore of tin dioxide, from which tin is extracted Also called 亦称作 tinstone 锡石(一种天然锡矿石) [Greek kassiteros ‘tin’]

cassock /ˈkæsək/ n.  a full-length usu. black or red garment worn by clergy, members of choirs, etc. (教士、唱诗班成员等穿的)法衣，长袍 □ cassocked  adj.   [French casaque ‘long coat’ from Italian casacca ‘horseman's coat’, probably from Turkic kazak: see COSSACK]

cassoulet /ˈkæsʊlei/ n.  a ragout of meat and beans 豆焖肉 [French, diminutive of dialect cassolo ‘stew-pan’]

cassowary /ˈkæsəwəri, -wɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a large flightless Australasian bird of the genus Casuarius, with heavy body, stout legs, a wattled neck, and a bony crest on its forehead 鹤鸵，食火鸡(鹤鸵属鸟类动物，产于澳洲，身体笨重不会飞翔，两腿粗壮，颈上有肉垂，头顶上有角质冠) [Malay kasuɑˉrī, kasavɑˉrī]

cast /kɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. cast)  1 tr.  throw, esp. deliberately or forcefully (尤指故意或用力地)投，扔，掷，抛 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, over)  a  direct or cause to fall (one's eyes, a glance, light, a shadow, a spell, etc.) 投射(目光、光线、阴影、吸引力等)b  express (doubts, aspersions, etc.) 表达，表露(疑惑、诽谤等) 3 tr.  throw out (a net, fishing line, etc.) into the water 撒网，抛钓丝 4 tr.  let down (an anchor or sounding line) 把(锚或测深绳)沉入水中 5 tr.  a  throw off, get rid of 扔掉；剔除b  shed (skin etc.) esp. in the process of growth (尤指在生长过程中)脱皮；蜕皮c (of a horse) lose (a shoe) (马)脱落(铁掌) 6 tr.  record, register, or give (a vote) 记录，登记(票数)；投(票) 7 tr.  a  shape (molten metal or plastic material) in a mould 浇铸(熔化的铁、塑料材料等)b  make (a product) in this way 铸造(某种产品) 8 tr. Printing  make (type) 【印刷】制版 9 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  assign (an actor) to play a particular character 分派(演员)扮演某角色b  allocate roles in (a play, film, etc.) 为(戏剧、电影等)选派演员 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  arrange or formulate (facts etc.) in a specified form 把(事实等)分类整理；编排 11 tr. & intr.  reckon, add up, calculate (accounts or figures) 计算；把(账目或数字)加起来 12 tr.  calculate and record details of (a horoscope) 计算(或记录)星象 ●n.  1  a  the throwing of a missile etc. 投，抛，掷b  the distance reached by this 射程 2  a throw or a number thrown at dice 掷骰子；一次掷骰的点数 3  a throw of a net, sounding line, or fishing line 撒网；放测深绳；抛钓丝 4 Fishing 【捕鱼】  a  that which is cast, esp. the extremity of a line with hook and fly 钓丝；钓钩b  a place for casting 撒网处，放钓丝处 5  a  an object of metal, clay, etc., made in a mould 铸型，铸件b  a moulded mass of solidified material, esp. plaster protecting a broken limb 固定(骨折用的)敷料 6  the actors taking part in a play, film, etc. 演员班底，演员阵容 7  form, type, or quality 形状，类型；气质  cast of features  面貌 cast of mind  性格 8  a tinge or shade of colour 色调，色彩 9  a (in full 全形 cast in the eye)  a slight squint (轻微的)斜视b  a twist or inclination 弯曲，倾斜 10  a  a mass of earth excreted by a worm (蚯蚓弄出地面的)一堆泥土(或排泄物)b  a mass of indigestible food regurgitated by a hawk, owl, etc. (鹰、猫头鹰等)吐出的不消化食物 11  the form into which any work is thrown or arranged (工作的)布置，安排 12  a  a wide area covered by a dog or pack to find a trail (猎狗等)追踪气味的开阔区域b Austral. & NZ  a wide sweep made by a sheepdog in mustering sheep [澳新] (牧羊犬)赶拢散开的羊群 □ cast about (or around or round)   make an extensive search (actually or mentally) 到处寻找；试图(或设法)找到  cast about for a solution  绞尽脑汁寻找解决办法□ cast adrift   leave to drift 听任…漂泊□ cast ashore  (of waves etc.) throw to the shore (浪等)把…抛到岸上□ cast aside   give up using; abandon 把…丢在一边；抛弃□ cast away   1  reject 丢掉，扔掉 2 (in passive 用被动)  be shipwrecked (cf. 参见 CASTAWAY) 使(船)失事□ cast one's bread upon the waters   see 见 BREAD □ cast down   depress, deject (cf. 参见 DOWNCAST adj. 2) 使沮丧，使泄气□ cast loose   detach; detach oneself 放开；解开；使脱离□ cast lots   see 见 LOT □ cast off   1  abandon 抛弃；丢弃 2 Knitting  take the stitches off the needle by looping each over the next to finish the edge 【编织】收针 3 Naut. 【海】  a  set a ship free from a quay etc. 解船缆，解缆出航b  loosen and throw off (rope etc.) 解开并抛出(绳子等) 4 Printing  estimate the space that will be taken in print by manuscript copy 【印刷】(根据稿件)估计版面篇幅□ cast on  Knitting  make the first row of loops on the needle 【编织】起针，开始编结□ cast out   expel 赶出，驱逐□ cast up   1 (of the sea) deposit on the shore (海水)把…冲上岸 2  add up (figures etc.) 把(数字等)加起来 [Middle English from Old Norse kasta]

castanet /kæstəˈnet/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a small concave piece of hardwood, ivory, etc., in pairs held in the hands and clicked together by the fingers as a rhythmic accompaniment, esp. by Spanish dancers 响板(用硬木或象牙制成，套在手指上，跳舞时合击发出有节奏的声响) [Spanish castañeta, diminutive of castaña, from Latin castanea ‘chestnut’]

castaway /ˈkɑ:stəwei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a shipwrecked person 乘船失事的人 ●adj.  1  shipwrecked (船失事后)漂流的，漂上岸的 2  cast aside; rejected 被抛弃的；无依无靠的

caste /kɑ:st/ n.  1  any of the Hindu hereditary classes, distinguished by relative degrees of purity or pollution, whose members have no social contact with other classes but are socially equal with one another and often follow the same occupations (印度社会的)种姓；世袭家族 2  a more or less exclusive social class 种姓集团；(排外性的)社会集团 3  a system of such classes 种姓制度 4  the position it confers 种姓地位 5 Zool.  a form of social insect having a particular function 【动】级(一种具有特定功能的社会性昆虫) □ lose caste   descend in the social order 失去社会地位 [Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘lineage, race, breed’, fem. of casto ‘pure, CHASTE’]

casteism /ˈkɑ:stiz(ə)m/ n. often derog.  the caste system [常贬]种姓制度

castellan /ˈkæstələn/ n. hist.  the governor of a castle [史义]城堡总管；要塞司令 [Middle English via Old Norman French castelain from medieval Latin castellanus: see CASTLE]

castellated /ˈkæstəleitid/ adj.  1  having battlements 有垛口的 2  castle-like 像城堡的，城堡形的 □ castellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin castellatus: see CASTLE]

caste mark n.  a symbol on a person's forehead denoting his or her caste (印度人额上的)种姓标记

caster /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  1 var.  of CASTOR1 CASTOR1 的变体 2  a person who casts 投掷的人；铸工 3  a machine for casting type 铸字机

caster sugar n. (also 亦作 castor sugar) Brit.  finely granulated white sugar [英]精白砂糖

castigate /ˈkæstiɡeit/ v. tr.  rebuke or punish severely 申斥，责骂；责打，惩罚 □ castigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ castigator  n.  □ castigatory  adj.   [Latin castigare ‘reprove’ from castus ‘pure’]

Castile soap /kæˈsti:l/ n.  a fine hard white or mottled soap made with olive oil and soda 卡斯蒂利亚肥皂，橄榄皂(用橄榄油和纯碱制成) [Castile in Spain]

Castilian /kæˈstiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Castile in Spain (西班牙)卡斯蒂利亚人 2  the language of Castile, standard spoken and literary Spanish 卡斯蒂利亚语，标准西班牙语(指口语和书面语) ●adj.  of or relating to Castile or Castilian 卡斯蒂利亚的；卡斯蒂利亚人的；卡斯蒂利亚语的

casting /ˈkɑ:stiŋ/ n.  an object made by casting, esp. of molten metal (尤指用熔化金属铸造的)铸件

casting couch n. slang  a couch in a director's office on which actresses are said to be seduced in return for being awarded parts [俚语] (导演办公室里据说用来引诱女演员的)角色选派场所

casting vote n.  a deciding vote usu. given by the chairperson when the votes on two sides are equal 决定票(指赞成与反对票数相等时由会议主席投的票) [From an obsolete sense of cast = turn the scale]

cast iron n. & adj. ●n.  a hard alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon cast in a mould 铸铁(铁、碳和硅在同一个模子里被铸造出来的一种硬合金) ●adj. (作 cast-iron)  1  made of cast iron 铸铁制造的 2  hard, unchallengeable, unchangeable 坚硬的，坚强的；不妥协的

castle /ˈkɑ:s(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a large fortified building or group of buildings; a stronghold 城堡，要塞；堡垒b  a formerly fortified mansion 城堡式建筑 2 Chess 【棋类】  = ROOK2  ●v. Chess 【棋类】  1 intr.  make a special move (once only in a game on each side) in which the king is moved two squares along the back rank and the nearer rook is moved to the square passed over by the king 王车易位(比赛中各方只能走一次) 2 tr.  move (the king) by castling 走王(使与车易位) □ castled  adj.   [Anglo-French & Old Norman French castel, chastel from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum ‘fort’]

castle in the air n. (also 亦作 castle in Spain) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a visionary unattainable scheme; a daydream 空中楼阁，白日梦；无法实现的计划

cast net n.  a net thrown out and immediately drawn in 撒网(一种撒出后又立刻收回的渔网)

cast-off adj. & n. ●adj.  abandoned, discarded 抛弃的，丢弃的 ●n.  a cast-off thing, esp. a garment 被抛弃之物(尤指衣服)

castor1 /ˈkɑ:stə/ n. (also 亦作 caster)  1  a small swivelled wheel (often one of a set) fixed to a leg (or the underside) of a piece of furniture (家具底部的)小脚轮，自位轮 2  a small container with holes in the top for sprinkling the contents (盖上有孔的)调味品瓶 [originally a variant of CASTER (in the general sense)]

castor2 /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  an oily substance secreted by beavers and used in medicine and perfumes 海狸香(海狸分泌的一种油性香料，入药或用于香水) [French or Latin from Greek kastōr ‘beaver’]

castor action n.  swivelling of vehicle wheels to ensure stability 自位轮作用(旋转脚轮以确保稳定性)

castor oil /ˈkɑ:stə/ n.  1  an oil from the seeds of a plant, Ricinus communis, used as a purgative and lubricant 蓖麻油(用作泻药或润滑剂) 2 (in full 全称 castor oil plant)  this plant 蓖麻 [18th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps so called as having succeeded CASTOR2 in medical use]

castor oil bean n. (also 亦作 castor bean)  the seed of the castor oil plant, containing the highly toxic substance ricin 蓖麻籽(含有剧毒的蓖麻蛋白)

castor sugar var.  of CASTER SUGAR  CASTER SUGAR 的变体

castrate /kæˈstreit, ˈkæstreit/ v. tr.  1  remove the testicles of; geld 阉割，去势 2  deprive of vigour 使丧失活力 □ castration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ castrator  n.   [Latin castrare]

castrato /kæˈstrɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. castrati /-ti/) hist.  a male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain a soprano or alto voice [史义]被阉的歌手(男歌手在幼童时动此手术以保持其女音) [Italian, past part. of castrare: see CASTRATE]

casual /ˈkæʒjʊəl, -zj-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  accidental; due to chance 意外的，碰巧的 2  not regular or permanent; temporary, occasional 临时的，不定期的，偶然的  casual work  临时工作 a casual affair  偶发事件 3  a  unconcerned, uninterested 漠不关心的，冷淡的；不感兴趣的  was very casual about it  对它不感兴趣b  made or done without great care or thought 随意的；未经考虑的  a casual remark  随口说出的话c  acting carelessly or unmethodically 漫不经心的，无条理的 4 (of clothes) informal (衣服)非正式的 ●n.  1  a casual worker 临时工 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  casual clothes or shoes 便装；便鞋 □ casually  adv.  □ casualness  n.   [Middle English from Old French casuel and Latin casualis, from casus CASE1]

casualty /ˈkæʒjʊəlti, -zj-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person killed or injured in a war or accident (战争或事故的)伤亡人员 2  a thing lost or destroyed 损坏的东西，毁坏的东西 3 Brit. [英]  = CASUALTY DEPARTMENT  4  an accident, mishap, or disaster 事故，不幸，灾难 [Middle English from medieval Latin casualitas (as CASUAL), on the pattern of ROYALTY etc.]

casualty department n. (also 亦作 casualty ward)  the part of a hospital where casualties are treated (医院里的)伤亡人员病房

casuarina /kæsjʊəˈri:nə/ n.  any tree of the genus Casuarina, native to Australia and SE Asia, having tiny scale-leaves on slender jointed branches, resembling gigantic horsetails 木麻黄(木麻黄科乔木，原产地为澳大利亚及东南亚，树枝修长，叶小呈鳞状，形似巨大的马尾) [modern Latin casuarius ‘cassowary’ (from the resemblance between branches and feathers)]

casuist /ˈkæzjʊist, -ʒj-/ n.  1  a person, esp. a theologian, who resolves problems of conscience, duty, etc., often with clever but false reasoning 决疑论者(指用聪明但错误的推理来解决有关良心、职责等问题的人) 2  a sophist or quibbler 诡辩家，狡辩者 □ casuistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ casuistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ casuistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ casuistry  n.   [French casuiste via Spanish casuista from Latin casus CASE1]

casus belli /ˌkeisəs ˈbelai, ˌkɑ:sʊs ˈbeli/ n.  an act or situation provoking or justifying war 战争借口；交战理由 [Latin]

CAT abbr. [缩略]  1  computer-assisted (or -aided) testing 计算机辅助检验 2 Med.  computerized axial tomography 【医】计算机化轴向 X 射线分层照相术  CAT scanner  计算机化 X 射线轴向分层造影扫描仪

cat1 /kæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small soft-furred four-legged domesticated animal, Felis catus 猫 2  any wild animal of the family Felidae, e.g. a lion, tiger, or leopard 猫科动物(如狮、虎或豹) 3  a catlike animal of any other family 类似猫的动物  civet cat  灵猫 4 colloq.  a malicious or spiteful woman [口]心地恶毒的女人 5 slang  a jazz enthusiast [俚语]爵士乐爱好者 6 Naut. 【海】  = CATHEAD  7  = CAT-O'-NINE-TAILS  8  a short tapered stick in the game of tipcat (棒击木片游戏中使用的)锥形短木片 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (catted, catting) Naut.  raise (an anchor) from the surface of the water to the cathead 【海】把(锚)吊放在锚架上 □ let the cat out of the bag   reveal a secret, esp. involuntarily (尤指无意中)泄露秘密；露马脚□ like a cat  Brit. [英] on hot bricks (or on a hot tin roof) very agitated or agitatedly 焦躁不安，像热锅上的蚂蚁，如坐针毡□ put (or set) the cat among the pigeons  Brit.  cause trouble [英]引起麻烦□ rain cats and dogs   rain very hard 下倾盆大雨 [Old English catt(e) from Germanic, reinforced in Middle English by forms from Late Latin cattus]

cat2 /kæt/ n.  a catalytic converter 催化转化器，催化式排气净化器 [abbreviation]

cata- /ˈkætə/ prefix (usu. cat- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前通常用cat-)  1  down, downwards (catadromous (淡水鱼)下海繁殖的) 下，向下 2  wrongly, badly (catachresis 词语误用) 错误，不正确 3  completely (catalogue 目录，一览表) 完全 4  against, alongside (catapult 弩弓，弹弓) 对着；并排 [Greek kata ‘down’]

catabolism /kəˈtæbəliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 katabolism) Biochem.  the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones with the release of energy; destructive metabolism (opp. 反义 ANABOLISM) 【生化】分解代谢；异化 □ catabolic  /kætəˈbɒlik/ adj.   [Greek katabolē ‘descent’ (as CATA- + bolē from ballō ‘throw’)]

catachresis /kætəˈkri:sis/ n. (pl. catachreses /-si:z/)  an incorrect use of words 词语误用 □ catachrestic  /-ˈkri:stik, -ˈkrestik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek katakhrēsis (as CATA-, kresthai ‘use’)]

cataclasis /kætəˈkleisis/ n. (pl. cataclases /-si:z/) Geol.  the natural process of fracture, shearing, or breaking up of rocks 【地质】岩石碎裂；碎裂作用 □ cataclastic  /-ˈklæstik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kataklasis ‘breaking down’, (as CATA-, klaō ‘to break’)]

cataclasm /ˈkætəklæz(ə)m/ n.  a violent break; a disruption 碎裂，崩裂 [Greek kataklasma (as CATA-, klaō ‘to break’)]

cataclysm /ˈkætəkliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a violent, esp. social or political, upheaval or disaster (尤指社会或政治的)大动乱，大灾难b  a great change 巨大变化；巨大变革 2  a great flood or deluge 洪水，大暴雨 □ cataclysmal  /-ˈklizm(ə)l/ adj.  □ cataclysmic  /-ˈklizmik/ adj.  □ cataclysmically  /-ˈklizmik(ə)li/ adv.   [French cataclysme via Latin cataclysmus from Greek kataklusmos (as CATA- + klusmos ‘flood’ from kluzō ‘wash’)]

catacomb /ˈkætəku:m, -kəʊm/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  1  an underground cemetery, esp. a Roman subterranean gallery with recesses for tombs 地下墓地(尤指罗马人两侧有墓穴的地下走廊) 2  a similar underground construction; a cellar 地下走道；地窖 [French catacombes from Late Latin catacumbas (name given in the 5th c. to the cemetery of St Sebastian near Rome), of unknown origin]

catadromous /kætəˈdrəʊməs/ adj. (of a fish, e.g. the eel) that swims down rivers to the sea to spawn (opp. 反义 ANADROMOUS) (鱼，尤指鳗鲡鱼)下海产卵的，下海繁殖的 [Greek katadromos (as CATA- + dromos ‘running’)]

catafalque /ˈkætəfælk/ n.  a decorated wooden framework for supporting the coffin of a distinguished person during a funeral or while lying in state (显贵者葬礼用的)棺材架；灵柩台 [French from Italian catafalco, of unknown origin: related to SCAFFOLD]

Catalan /ˈkætəlæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Catalonia in Spain (西班牙)加泰罗尼亚人 2  the language of Catalonia 加泰罗尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Catalonia, its people, or its language 加泰罗尼亚的；加泰罗尼亚人的；加泰罗尼亚语的 [French from Spanish]

catalase /ˈkætəleiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide 【生化】过氧化氢酶 [CATALYSIS]

catalectic /kætəˈlektik/ adj. & n. Prosody 【诗体】  ●adj.  lacking one syllable in the last foot 最后音步缺音节的，以不完整音步结尾的 ●n.  a catalectic line or verse 以不完整音步结尾的诗行 [Late Latin catalecticus from Greek katalēktikos from katalēgein ‘leave off’ (as CATA-, lēgein ‘cease’)]

catalepsy /ˈkæt(ə)lepsi/ n.  a state of trance or seizure with loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body 强直性昏厥，僵住症 □ cataleptic  /-ˈleptik/ adj. & n.   [French catalepsie or Late Latin catalepsia from Greek katalēpsis (as CATA-, lēpsis ‘seizure’)]

catalogue /ˈkæt(ə)lɒɡ/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] catalog) ●n.  1  a complete list of items (e.g. articles for sale, books held by a library), usu. in alphabetical or other systematic order and often with a description of each 目录(以字母表顺序排列并常常附有说明，如商品目录、图书目录) 2  an extensive list 一系列  a catalogue of crimes  一系列犯罪案件 3 US  a university course-list etc. [美]大学课程一览表 ●v. tr. (catalogues, catalogued, cataloguing; US [美] catalogs, cataloged, cataloging)  1  make a catalogue of 把…编目分类 2  enter in a catalogue 把…编入目录 □ cataloguer  n. (US [美] cataloger)   [French via Late Latin catalogus from Greek katalogos, from katalegō ‘enrol’ (as CATA-, legō ‘choose’)]

catalogue raisonné /ˌkæt(ə)lɒɡ reizɒˈnei/ n. (pl. catalogues raisonnés pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a descriptive catalogue with explanations or comments 分类目录，评论性目录 [French, = explained catalogue]

catalpa /kəˈtælpə/ n.  any tree of the genus Catalpa, with heart-shaped leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, and long pods 梓树(梓树属植物，长心形叶，开喇叭形花，结长豆荚果实) [American Indian (Creek)]

catalyse /ˈkæt(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (US [美] catalyze) Chem.  produce (a reaction) by catalysis 【化】催化；促进 [as CATALYSIS, on the pattern of analyse]

catalyser /ˈkæt(ə)laizə/ n. Brit. [英]  = CATALYTIC CONVERTER 

catalysis /kəˈtælisis/ n. (pl. catalyses /-si:z/) Chem. & Biochem.  the acceleration of a chemical or biochemical reaction by a catalyst 【化】【生化】催化作用 [Greek katalusis ‘dissolution’ (as CATA-, luō ‘set free’)]

catalyst /ˈkæt(ə)list/ n.  1 Chem.  a substance that, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, increases the rate of a reaction 【化】催化剂 2  a person or thing that precipitates a change 促进变化的人(或物) [as CATALYSIS, on the pattern of analyst]

catalytic /kætəˈlitik/ adj. Chem.  relating to or involving catalysis 【化】催化的，起促进作用的

catalytic converter n.  a device incorporated in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, with a catalyst for converting pollutant gases into less harmful ones (安装在汽车排气装置上的)催化转化器，催化式排气净化器

catalytic cracker n.  a device for cracking (see 见 CRACK v. 9) petroleum oils by catalysis 催化裂化器，(尤指)用催化剂裂化石油的装置

catalyze US var.  of CATALYSE [美] CATALYSE 的变体

catamaran /kætəməˈræn/ n.  1  a boat with twin hulls in parallel 双体船，连体艇 2  a raft of yoked logs or boats 筏子 3 colloq.  a quarrelsome woman [口]泼妇，爱吵架的女人 [Tamil kattumaram ‘tied wood’]

catamite /ˈkætəmait/ n.  1  a boy kept for homosexual practices 娈童，供人鸡奸的男童 2  the passive partner in sodomy 被鸡奸者，鸡奸中被动的一方 [Latin catamitus via Etruscan from Greek Ganumēdēs ‘Ganymede’, the name of Zeus' cupbearer]

catamountain /kætəˈmaʊntin/ n. (also 亦作 catamount)  1  a lynx, leopard, puma, or similar cat (猞猁、豹、美洲狮或类似的)猫科动物 2 archaic  a wild quarrelsome person [古义]爱吵架的人 [Middle English from cat of the mountain]

catananche /kætəˈnæŋki/ n.  a plant of the genus Catananche (daisy family), with blue or yellow flowers 一种雏菊科草本植物，花朵为蓝或黄色 [modern Latin via Latin catanancē, a plant used in love potions, from Greek katanagkē (as CATA-, anagkē ‘compulsion’)]

cat-and-dog adj. (of a relationship etc.) full of quarrels 关系等争吵不休的

cataplexy /ˈkætəpleksi/ n.  sudden temporary paralysis due to fright etc. 猝倒(由于恐惧而突然暂时瘫痪) □ cataplectic  /-ˈplektik/ adj.   [Greek kataplēxis ‘stupefaction’ (as CATA-, plēssein ‘to strike’)]

catapult /ˈkætəpʌlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a forked stick etc. with elastic for shooting stones [尤英] (叉杆等样式的)弹弓 2 hist.  a military machine worked by a lever and ropes for hurling large stones etc. [史义]弩炮(投射大石头等用的军事装置) 3  a mechanical device for launching a glider, an aircraft from the deck of a ship, etc. (从轮船甲板上发射滑翔机或飞机的)弹射器 ●v.  1 tr.  a  hurl from or launch with a catapult 用弹弓射；用弹射器发射b  fling forcibly 猛掷，使劲投出 2 intr.  leap or be hurled forcibly 跳跃；猛投 [French catapulte or Latin catapulta from Greek katapeltēs (as CATA-, pallō ‘hurl’)]

cataract /ˈkætərækt/ n.  1  a  a large waterfall or cascade 大瀑布，急瀑布b  a downpour; a rush of water 暴雨；急流，奔流 2 Med.  a condition in which the eye lens becomes progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision 【医】白内障 [Latin cataracta from Greek katarrhaktēs ‘down-rushing’; in medical sense probably from obsolete sense ‘grating on a window’]

catarrh /kəˈtɑ:/ n.  1  inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, air passages, etc. 卡他，(鼻、气管等的)黏膜炎 2  a watery discharge in the nose or throat due to this (黏膜炎造成的)鼻喉部黏液 □ catarrhal  adj.   [French catarrhe via Late Latin catarrhus from Greek katarrhousin from katarrhe ‘flow down’ (as CATA-, rhein ‘flow’)]

catarrhine /ˈkætərain/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of primates) having nostrils close together and directed downwards, as in a baboon, chimpanzee, or human (狒狒、黑猩猩或人)狭鼻类的 ●n.  such an animal (cf. 参见 PLATYRRHINE) 狭鼻类动物 [CATA- + rhis rhinos ‘nose’]

catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/ n.  1  a great and usu. sudden disaster (通常指突然的)大灾难，灾祸 2  the denouement of a drama (戏剧的)结局 3  a disastrous end; ruin 灾难性的结局；毁灭 4  an event producing a subversion of the order of things 翻天覆地的事件 □ catastrophic  /-ˈstrɒfik/ adj.  □ catastrophically  /-ˈstrɒfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin catastropha from Greek katastrophē (as CATA-, strophē ‘turning’ from strephō ‘turn’)]

catastrophe theory n.  a branch of mathematics concerned with systems displaying abrupt discontinuous change (数学)突变理论

catastrophism /kəˈtæstrəfiz(ə)m/ n. Geol.  the theory that changes in the earth's crust have occurred in sudden violent and unusual events 【地质】灾变说(关于地壳变化是由于一些突然、剧烈和异常大灾难引起的理论) □ catastrophist  n.  

catatonia /kætəˈtəʊniə/ n.  1  schizophrenia with intervals of catalepsy and sometimes violence 紧张性精神分裂症 2  catalepsy 僵住症，强直性昏厥 □ catatonic  /-ˈtɒnik/ adj. & n.   [German Katatonie (as CATA-, TONE)]

catawba /kəˈtɔ:bə/ n.  1  a US variety of grape 美国蘡薁 2  a white wine made from this 蘡薁酒 [River Catawba in S. Carolina]

catbird /ˈkætbɜ:d/ n.  any of several birds with a mewing call like a cat, esp. a N. American mockingbird, Dumetalla carolinensis 猫鸟(叫声似猫，尤指一种北美嘲鸫)

catboat /ˈkætbəʊt/ n.  a sailing boat with a single mast placed well forward and carrying only one sail 单桅帆船 [perhaps from cat, a former type of coaler in NE England, + BOAT]

cat burglar n.  a burglar who enters by climbing to an upper storey 飞贼，翻墙攀屋的窃贼

catcall /ˈkætkɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a shrill whistle of disapproval made at meetings etc. (表示反对或嘲弄的)尖叫声，嘘声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a catcall 发尖叫声，发嘘声 2 tr.  make a catcall at 以尖叫声(或嘘声)嘲弄

catch /kætʃ/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. caught /kɔ:t/)  1 tr.  a  lay hold of so as to restrain or prevent from escaping; capture in a trap, in one's hands, etc. 捉住，逮住；捕获，捕捉b (also 亦作 catch hold of)  get into one's hands so as to retain, operate, etc. 抓住，握住  caught hold of the handle  握住把手 2 tr.  detect or surprise (a person, esp. in a wrongful or embarrassing act) 撞见；偶然发现(尤指发现某人正在做不正当或令人难堪的事)  caught me in the act  我被当场抓住 caught him smoking  撞见他吸烟 3 tr.  a  intercept and hold (a moving thing) in the hands etc. 接住；截住，拦住  failed to catch the ball  没能接住那个球 a bowl to catch the drips  接滴水的碗b Cricket  dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball before it reaches the ground 【板球】(空中接球从而)使击球员出局 4 tr.  a  contract (a disease) by infection or contagion 染上(疾病)b  acquire (a quality or feeling) from another's example 感受，受…感染  caught her enthusiasm  被她的热情所感染 5 tr.  a  reach in time and board (a train, bus, etc.) 及时赶到，赶上(火车公共汽车等)b  be in time to see etc. (a person or thing about to leave or finish) 看到，来得及看(正要离开的人或快要结束的事)  if you hurry you'll catch them  如果快点，你还能看到他们 caught the end of the performance  来得及看演出的结尾 6 tr.  a  apprehend with the senses or the mind (esp. a thing occurring quickly or briefly) 听清楚，领会，理解(尤指短瞬间发生的事情)  didn't catch what he said  没有听懂他的话b (of an artist etc.) reproduce faithfully (艺术家等)忠实地再现；捕捉 7  a intr.  become fixed or entangled; be checked 缠住；钩住；锁住；拴住  the bolt began to catch  门闩能拴住了b tr.  cause to do this 被缠住；被钩住；被锁住；被拴住  caught her tights on a nail  她的连裤袜被钉子钩住了c tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  hit, deal a blow to 打击，击中  caught him on the nose  击中了他的鼻子 caught his elbow on the table  他的胳膊肘撞在了桌子上 8 tr.  draw the attention of; captivate 引起注意；吸引住，迷住  caught his eye  引起他的注意 caught her fancy  深受她的喜爱 9 intr.  begin to burn 着火，开始燃烧 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  reach or overtake (a person etc. ahead) 追上，赶上(前面的人) 11 tr.  check suddenly 突然制止(或中止)  caught his breath  他屏住了气 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  grasp or try to grasp 抓住，伸手去抓 ●n.  1  a  an act of catching 抓，捉b Cricket  a chance or act of catching the ball 【板球】接球机会；接球 2  a  an amount of a thing caught, esp. of fish 捕获物；(尤指鱼)捕获量b  a thing or person caught or worth catching, esp. in marriage 值得获得的人(或物)；(尤指)值得看中的婚配对象 3  a  a question, trick, etc., intended to deceive, incriminate, etc. (故意骗人或使人上当的)圈套；诡计b  an unexpected or hidden difficulty or disadvantage 隐藏的困难，意想不到的不利条件 4  a device for fastening a door or window etc. 门闩；窗钩；拉手 5 Mus.  a round, esp. with words arranged to produce a humorous effect 【音】(尤指歌词)产生滑稽效果的轮唱 □ catch at a straw   see 见 STRAW □ catch one's death of cold   see 见 DEATH □ catch fire   see 见 FIRE □ catch it  slang  be punished or in trouble [俚语]陷入困境；受罚□ catch on  colloq. [口]  1 (of a practice, fashion, etc.) become popular (做法、时尚等)流行起来；受欢迎 2 (of a person) understand what is meant (指人)懂得，理解□ catch out  Brit. [英]  1  detect in a mistake etc. 发觉(某人)在犯错误 2  take unawares; cause to be bewildered or confused 使措手不及；使迷惑不解 3  = sense 3b of v. 动词释义 3b□ catch the sun   1  be in a sunny position 在明媚的阳光下 2 Brit.  become sunburnt [英]晒黑；晒焦□ catch up   1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  reach a person etc. ahead 追上，赶上  he caught up in the end  他最后终于追上了 he caught us up  他追上了我们 he caught up with us  他追上了我们b (often foll. by 常后跟 with, on)  make up arrears (of work etc.) 赶完，弥补(耽搁下来的事情等)  must catch up with my correspondence  必须补写我的信件 2  snatch or pick up hurriedly 急促地抓住；匆忙拾起 3 (often in passive 常用被动)  a  involve; entangle 被…缠住；被…卷入  caught up in suspicious dealings  卷入了可疑的行为b  fasten up 束住，挽起  hair caught up in a ribbon  用丝带把头发挽起□ (you wouldn't) catch me!  etc. (often foll. by 常后跟 pres. part.) colloq.  you may be sure I etc. shall not [口]你不会再见到我做…；相信我绝不会再做…□ catchable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French cachier, Old French chacier, ultimately from Latin captare ‘try to catch’]

catch-22 /ˌkætʃtwentiˈtu:/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  a dilemma or circumstance from which there is no escape because of mutually conflicting or dependent conditions [口]左右为难的情况；难以逾越的障碍，无法摆脱的困境 [title of a novel by J. Heller (1961) featuring a dilemma of this kind]

catch-all n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a thing designed to be all-inclusive 放各种各样东西的容器；包罗万象的事物

catch-as-catch-can n. & adj. ●n.  a style of wrestling with few holds barred 自由式摔跤 ●adj.  using whatever is available 随便用什么办法的；没有限制的；不择手段的  a catch-as-catch-can repair  随意的维修

catch crop n.  a crop grown between two staple crops (in position or time) 间作作物；填闲作物(两茬主要作物之间土地闲置时种植的作物)

catcher /ˈkætʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that catches 捕捉者；捕捉器 2 Baseball  a fielder positioned behind the home plate 【棒球】接球手

catchfly /ˈkætʃflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any plant of the genus Silene or Lychnis with a sticky stem 捕蝇植物(剪秋罗、麦瓶草等茎上分泌粘液可捕捉蚊蝇的植物)

catching /ˈkætʃiŋ/ adj.  1  a (of a disease) infectious (疾病)传染性的b (of a practice, habit, etc.) likely to be imitated (做法、习惯等)有可能被模仿的 2  attractive; captivating 有吸引力的；有感染力的

catchline /ˈkætʃlain/ n. Printing  a short line of type esp. at the head of copy or as a running headline 【印刷】(书、杂志等的)页首标题，栏外标题

catchment /ˈkætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  the collection of rainfall 贮水，集水

catchment area n.  1  the area from which rainfall flows into a river etc. (江河等的)汇水盆地 2  the area served by a school, hospital, etc. (学校、医院的)服务区域，受托区

catchpenny /ˈkætʃpeni/ adj.  intended merely to sell quickly; superficially attractive 只求便于推销的；华而不实的

catchphrase /ˈkætʃfreiz/ n.  a phrase in frequent use 时髦话，流行词句

catchup var.  of KETCHUP  KETCHUP 的变体

catchweight /ˈkætʃweit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  unrestricted as regards weight (竞技运动)不分体重级别的 ●n.  unrestricted weight, as a weight category in sports (体育比赛者)自选体重

catchword /ˈkætʃwɜ:d/ n.  1  a word or phrase in common (often temporary) use; a topical slogan 口号，标语；口头禅 2  a word so placed as to draw attention 引起注意的词；关键词 3 Theatr.  an actor's cue 【戏】(演员的)提示语，接头语 4 Printing  the first word of a page given at the foot of the previous one 【印刷】导字，渡词(印在前页末尾的次页首词)；(词典的)眉题

catchy /ˈkætʃi/ adj. (catchier, catchiest)  1 (of a tune) easy to remember; attractive (曲调)容易记住的；引起兴趣的 2  that snares or entraps; deceptive 欺骗性的；难以对付的 3 (of the wind etc.) fitful, spasmodic (风等)间歇的，断断续续的 □ catchily  adv.  □ catchiness  n.   [CATCH + -Y1]

cate /keit/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) archaic  choice food, delicacies [古义]美食，佳肴 [obsolete acate ‘purchase’ from Anglo-French acat, Old French achat, from acater, achater ‘buy’: see CATER]

catechetical /kætiˈketik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 catechetic)  1  of or by oral teaching 问答式教学的 2  according to the catechism of a Church 根据基督教《教理问答》的 3  consisting of or proceeding by question and answer 使用问答方式的 □ catechetically  adv.  □ catechetics  n.   [ecclesiastical Greek katēkhētikos from katēkhētēs ‘oral teacher’: see CATECHIZE]

catechism /ˈkætikiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers (基督教的)教理问答b  a book containing this 《教理问答》 2  a series of questions put to anyone (关于某个题目的)一套问答题 □ catechismal  /-ˈkizm(ə)l/ adj.   [ecclesiastical Latin catechismus (as CATECHIZE)]

catechist /ˈkætikist/ n.  a religious teacher, esp. one using a catechism (尤指以问答方式给新教徒)传授教义的人

catechize /ˈkætikaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  instruct by means of question and answer, esp. from a catechism (尤指)用问答方式传授(或指导) 2  put questions to; examine 盘问；检查 □ catechizer  n.   [Late Latin catechizare from ecclesiastical Greek katēkhizō, from katēkheō ‘make hear’ (as CATA-, ēkheō ‘sound’)]

catecholamine /kætiˈkəʊləmi:n/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of aromatic amines, many of which are neurotransmitters 【生化】儿茶酚胺(任何一种类型的芳香族胺，其中许多是中性传递媒介) (e.g. 如 adrenalin 肾上腺素 , dopamine 多巴胺) [catechol the parent compound (originally extracted from CATECHU) + AMINE]

catechu /ˈkætitʃu:/ n. (also 亦作 cachou /ˈkæʃu:/)  gambier or similar vegetable extract, containing tannin 黑儿茶，棕儿茶(从儿茶树枝叶及类似蔬菜中提取，内含单宁酸) [modern Latin from Malay kachu]

catechumen /kætiˈkju:men/ n.  a Christian convert under instruction before baptism 慕道友(指初信基督教尚未受洗礼而接受口授教义训练者) [Middle English via Old French catechumene or ecclesiastical Latin catechumenus from Greek katēkheō: see CATECHIZE]

categorical /kætiˈɡɒrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 categoric)  unconditional, absolute; explicit, direct 无条件的，绝对的；明确的，直截了当的  a categorical refusal  直截了当的拒绝 □ categorically  adv.   [French catégorique or Late Latin categoricus from Greek katēgorikos: see CATEGORY]

categorical imperative n. Ethics  an unconditional moral obligation derived from pure reason; the bidding of conscience as ultimate moral law 【伦理学】绝对命令，直言命令

categorize /ˈkætiɡəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  place in a category or categories 把…分类，把…归类 □ categorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

category /ˈkætiɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a class or division 种类，类别 2 Philos. 【哲】  a  one of a possibly exhaustive set of classes among which all things might be distributed 范畴b  one of the a priori conceptions applied by the mind to sense-impressions (通过大脑应用于感性知觉的)首要概念c  any relatively fundamental philosophical concept (相对基本的)哲学概念 □ categorial  /-ˈɡɔ:riəl/ adj.   [French catégorie or Late Latin categoria from Greek katēgoria ‘statement’, from katēgoros ‘accuser’]

catena /kəˈti:nə/ n. (pl. catenae /-ni/ or catenas)  1  a connected series of patristic comments on Scripture (早期基督教著作家的)文选注释丛书 2  a series or chain 一系列，一连串 [Latin, = chain: originally catena patrum ‘chain of the Fathers’ (of the Church)]

catenary /kəˈti:nəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a curve formed by a uniform chain hanging freely from two points not in the same vertical line 悬链线(指悬挂于不在同一垂直线上两点的一根链条自由下垂所形成的弧线) ●adj.  of or resembling such a curve 悬链线(状)的 [Latin catenarius from catena ‘chain’]

catenary bridge n.  a suspension bridge hung from catenaries 悬链桥

catenate /ˈkætineit/ v. tr.  connect like links of a chain 把…连接成链状 □ catenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin catenare catenat- (as CATENARY)]

cater /ˈkeitə/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  provide food 提供饮食，承办酒席b tr. (as 作 catered adj.) esp. N. Amer.  with food provided, esp. by a professional caterer [尤北美] (尤指专业)提供饮食(的)  catered party  提供饮食的聚会 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, to)  provide what is desired or needed by 满足需求(或欲望) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  pander to (esp. low tastes) 投合，迎合(尤指低级趣味) [obsolete noun cater (now caterer), from Anglo-French acatour ‘buyer’ from acater ‘buy’, ultimately from Latin captare ‘seize’]

cateran /ˈkæt(ə)r(ə)n/ n. Sc. hist.  a Highland irregular fighting man; a marauder [苏格兰史义] (苏格兰高地的)非正规战士；劫匪，强盗 [Middle English from medieval Latin cateranus & Gaelic ceathairne ‘peasantry’]

cater-cornered /ˈkeitəkɔ:nəd/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 cater-corner, catty-cornered /ˈkæti-/, kitty-cornered /ˈkiti-/) N. Amer. [北美] ●adj.  placed or situated diagonally 成对角线的，斜的，斜置的 ●adv.  diagonally 成对角线地，斜地 [dialect adv. cater ‘diagonally’ (related to obsolete cater ‘the four on dice’, via French quatre from Latin quattuor ‘four’)]

caterer /ˈkeit(ə)rə/ n.  a person who supplies food for social events, esp. professionally (尤指职业的)酒席承办人；提供饮食及服务的人

catering /ˈkeit(ə)riŋ/ n.  the work of a caterer 承办酒席；提供饮食及服务

caterpillar /ˈkætəpilə/ n.  1  a  the larva of a butterfly or moth (蛾或蝶的)蠋，毛虫b (in general use) any similar larva of various insects (各种昆虫的)幼虫 2  a (in full 全称 caterpillar track or tread) propr.  an endless articulated steel band passing round the wheels of a tractor etc. for travel on rough ground [商标]履带b  a vehicle with these tracks, e.g. a tractor or tank 履带式车辆(如拖拉机或坦克) [perhaps Anglo-French variant of Old French chatepelose, literally ‘hairy cat’, influenced by obsolete piller ‘ravager’]

caterwaul /ˈkætəwɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make the shrill howl of a cat 发出猫求偶的叫声 ●n.  a caterwauling noise 猫求偶的叫声 [Middle English from CAT1 + -waul (imitative)]

catfish /ˈkætfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various esp. freshwater fish, usu. having whisker-like barbels round the mouth 鲶鱼，鲇鱼

cat flap n. (also 亦作 cat door)  a small swinging flap in an outer door, for a cat to pass in and out (门上供猫进出的)活板

catgut /ˈkætɡʌt/ n.  a material used for the strings of musical instruments and surgical sutures, made of the dried twisted intestines of the sheep, horse, or ass (but not the cat) (制琴弦或供外科手术缝合刀口的)肠线

Cath. abbr. [缩略]  1  Cathedral  2  Catholic 

Cathar /ˈkæθɑ:/ n. (pl. Cathars or Cathari /-ri/)  a member of a medieval sect which sought to achieve great spiritual purity 纯洁派教徒，卡特里派教徒(中世纪欧洲的一个基督教异端教派成员，强调精神上的纯洁) □ Catharism  n.  □ Catharist  n.   [medieval Latin Cathari (pl.) from Greek katharoi ‘pure’]

catharsis /kəˈθɑ:sis/ n. (pl. catharses /-si:z/)  1  an emotional release in drama or art (戏剧或艺术中)感情的抒发；陶冶；净化 2 Psychol.  the process of freeing repressed emotion by association with the cause, and elimination by abreaction 【心】宣泄，精神发泄 3 Med.  purgation 【医】导泻，通便 [modern Latin from Greek katharsis, from kathairō ‘cleanse’: sense 1 from Aristotle's Poetics]

cathartic /kəˈθɑ:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  effecting catharsis 有宣泄作用的；起陶冶作用的 2  purgative 导泻的，通便的 ●n.  a cathartic drug 泻药 □ cathartically  adv.   [Late Latin catharticus from Greek kathartikos (as CATHARSIS)]

Cathay /kæˈθei/ n. archaic or poet.  the country China [古义] [诗]中国 [medieval Latin Cataya]

cathead /ˈkæthed/ n. Naut.  a horizontal beam from each side of a ship's bow for raising and carrying the anchor 【海】系锚杆，锚架

cathectic  see 见 CATHEXIS 

cathedral /kəˈθi:dr(ə)l/ n.  the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne (内设主教座的)教区总教堂，大教堂 [Middle English (as adj.) from Old French cathedral or from Late Latin cathedralis, via Latin from Greek kathedra ‘seat’]

cathedral city n.  a city in which there is a cathedral 教区总教堂所在城市

Catherine /ˈkæθərin/   凯瑟琳 [人名]

Catherine wheel /ˈkæθrin/ n.  1  a firework in the form of a flat coil which spins when fixed and lit 凯瑟琳车轮式焰火 2  a circular window with radial divisions (凯瑟琳)车轮形窗户 [modern Latin Catharina from Greek Aikaterina, the name of a saint martyred on a spiked wheel]

catheter /ˈkæθitə/ n. Med.  a tube for insertion into a body cavity for introducing or removing fluid 【医】导管 [Late Latin from Greek kathetēr, from kathiēmi ‘send down’]

catheterize /ˈkæθitəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Med.  insert a catheter into 【医】将导管插入

cathetometer /kæθiˈtɒmitə/ n.  a telescope mounted on a graduated scale along which it can slide, used for accurate measurement of small vertical distances 高差计，测高计 [Latin cathetus from Greek kathetos ‘perpendicular line’ (as CATHETER + -METER)]

cathexis /kəˈθeksis/ n. (pl. cathexes /-si:z/) Psychol.  concentration of mental energy in one channel 【心】精神集中发泄，欲力投入 □ cathectic  adj.   [Greek kathexis ‘retention’]

cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. (also 亦作 kathode) Electr.  1  the negative terminal of an electrical device (opp. 反义 ANODE) 【电】(电装置的)阴极 2  the terminal or electrode by which electric current leaves a device 负极 □ cathodal  adj.  □ cathodic  /kəˈθɒdik/ adj.   [Greek kathodos ‘descent’ (as CATA- + hodos ‘way’)]

cathode ray n.  a beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high-vacuum tube 阴极射线

cathode ray tube n.  a high-vacuum tube in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen (abbr. 缩略 : CRT) 阴极射线管

cathodic protection n.  protection of a metal structure from corrosion underwater by making it act as an electrical cathode 阴极保护，电解保护

catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of interest or use to all; universal 广泛的，通用的；普遍的 2  all-embracing; of wide sympathies or interests 包罗万象的；兴趣广泛的  has catholic tastes  有广泛的兴趣 3 (作 Catholic)  a  of the Roman Catholic religion 罗马天主教的b  including all Christians 全基督教的c  including all of the Western Church (包括西方所有教会在内)基督教正统教会的 ●n. (作 Catholic)  a Roman Catholic 天主教教徒 □ catholically  adv.  □ Catholicism  /kəˈθɒlisiz(ə)m/ n.  □ catholicity  /kæθəˈlisiti/ n.  □ catholicly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French catholique or Late Latin catholicus from Greek katholikos ‘universal’, from kata ‘in respect of’ + holos ‘whole’]

catholicize /kəˈθɒlisaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make or become catholic (使)普遍，使广泛 2 (作 Catholicize)  make or become a Roman Catholic (使)皈依天主教

Cathy /ˈkæθi/   凯瑟琳；凯西 [人名]

cat-ice n.  thin ice unsupported by water (下面没有水支撑的)薄冰

cation /ˈkætaiən/ n.  a positively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis (opp. 反义 ANION) 阳离子；(电解中)被阴极吸附的离子 [CATA- + ION]

cationic /kætaiˈɒnik/ adj.  1  of a cation or cations 阳离子的 2  having an active cation 带有活性阳离子的

catkin /ˈkætkin/ n.  a spike of usu. downy or silky male or female flowers hanging from a willow, hazel, etc. 柔荑花序(垂于柳树或桦树等枝头的软毛花穗) [obsolete Dutch katteken ‘kitten’]

catlick /ˈkætlik/ n. Brit. colloq.  a perfunctory wash [英口]敷衍的洗，马马虎虎的洗

catlike /ˈkætlaik/ adj.  1  like a cat 像猫一样的 2  stealthy 偷偷摸摸的

catmint /ˈkætmint/ n. esp. Brit.  a plant, Nepeta cataria (mint family), with downy leaves, purple-spotted white flowers, and a mintlike smell attractive to cats Also called 亦称作 catnip [尤英]猫薄荷，樟脑草(薄荷属植物，叶上有绒毛，白色花上有紫色斑点，其薄荷香味对猫有吸引力)

catnap /ˈkætnæp/ n. & v. ●n.  a short sleep 小睡，瞌睡 ●v. intr. (-napped, -napping)  have a catnap 打瞌睡，打盹儿

catnip /ˈkætnip/ n.  = CATMINT  [CAT1 + dialect nip ‘catmint’, variant of dialect nep from medieval Latin nepta from Latin nepeta]

cat-o'-nine-tails n. hist.  a rope whip with nine knotted lashes for flogging sailors, soldiers, or criminals [史义]九尾鞭(旧时体罚水手、士兵或罪犯的鞭子)

catoptric /kæˈtɒptrik/ adj.  of or relating to a mirror, a reflector, or reflection 镜子的，反射物的，反射的 □ catoptrics  n.   [Greek katoptrikos from katoptron ‘mirror’]

cat's cradle n.  a child's game in which a loop of string is held between the fingers and patterns are formed 翻线儿，翻绳儿，挑绷子(一种儿童游戏)

Catseye /ˈkætsai/ n. Brit. propr.  one of a series of reflector studs set into a road [英] [商标] (路面上的)猫眼反光镜

cat's-eye /ˈkætsai/ n.  a precious stone of Sri Lanka and the Malabar Coast 猫眼石(一种宝石)

cat's-foot n.  a small plant of the genus Antennaria (daisy family), having soft woolly leaves and growing on the surface of the ground 欧亚活血丹；蝶须(雏菊科植物，叶子柔软，呈绒毛状)

cat's-paw n.  1  a person used as a tool by another 为他人火中取栗者，做他人工具者 2  a slight breeze rippling the surface of water 猫掌风(水面上的微风)

cat's-tail n.  = REED MACE 

catsuit /ˈkætsu:t, -sju:t/ n. Brit.  a close-fitting garment with trouser legs, covering the body from neck to feet [英]女式紧身连衣裤

catsup US var.  of KETCHUP [美] KETCHUP 的变体

cat's whisker n.  a fine adjustable wire in a crystal radio receiver (晶体管收音机中的)触须，晶须 □ the cat's whiskers (or pyjamas)  slang  an excellent person or thing [俚语]了不起的人；绝妙的东西

cattery /ˈkætəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where cats are boarded or bred 猫屋，猫窝

cattish /ˈkætiʃ/ adj.  = CATTY  □ cattishly  adv.  □ cattishness  n.  

cattle /ˈkæt(ə)l/ n. pl.  1  large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, e.g. cows, bison, and buffalo, esp. of the genus Bos 牛(反刍动物，偶蹄，如奶牛、野牛、水牛等) 2 archaic  livestock [古义]牲口 [Middle English & Anglo-French catel from Old French chatel CHATTEL]

cattle cake n. Brit.  a concentrated food for cattle, in cake form [英]饼状牛饲料，家畜饲料饼

cattle grid n. Brit.  a grid covering a ditch, allowing vehicles to pass over but not cattle, sheep, etc. [英]挡畜沟栅(铺设在沟渠上面供车辆通行使用，而牛羊等则不敢过)

cattle guard n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CATTLE GRID 

cattleman /ˈkæt(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men) N. Amer.  a person who tends or rears cattle [北美]养牛人，牧牛工人

cattle-plague n.  rinderpest 牛瘟，牛疫

cattle stop n. NZ [新]  = CATTLE GRID 

cattleya /ˈkætliə/ n.  any epiphytic orchid of the genus Cattleya, with violet, pink, or yellow flowers 卡特米兰(附生兰科植物，花为紫色，粉红或黄色) [modern Latin, named after W. Cattley, English patron of botany d. 1832]

catty /ˈkæti/ adj. (cattier, cattiest)  1  sly, spiteful; deliberately hurtful in speech 狡猾的，诡诈的；恶毒的，刁钻刻薄的 2  catlike 像猫的 □ cattily  adv.  □ cattiness  n.  

catty-cornered var.  of CATER-CORNERED  CATER-CORNERED 的变体

catwalk /ˈkætwɔ:k/ n.  1  a narrow footway along a bridge, above a theatre stage, etc. (桥面、舞台上的)狭窄通道 2  a narrow platform or gangway used in fashion shows etc. (时装表演等用的)狭窄舞台

Caucasian /kɔ:ˈkeizjən, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the white or light-skinned division of humankind 白种人的，高加索人的 2  of or relating to the Caucasus 高加索的 ●n.  a Caucasian person 高加索人 [Caucasus, mountains between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, the supposed place of origin of this people]

Caucasoid /ˈkɔ:kəsɔid/ adj.  of or relating to the Caucasian division of humankind 白种人的，高加索种人的

caucus /ˈkɔ:kəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. caucuses)  1 (in N. America and New Zealand) (北美和新西兰)a  a meeting of the members of a legislative body belonging to a particular political party, to decide policy (政党决策的)立法机构成员会议b  a bloc of such members 领导集团，决策机构c  this system as a political force (作为政治力量的)决策领导体制 2 often derog. [常贬] (esp. in the UK) (尤英国)a  a usu. secret meeting of a group within a larger organization or party (通常在大机构或政党核心成员内部举行的)秘密会议b  such a group (机构或政党内部的)核心成员秘密组织 ●v. intr. (caucused, caucusing)  hold or form a caucus 召开核心成员会议；组成领导核心 [18th-c. US, perhaps from Algonquian cau'-cau-as'u ‘adviser’]

caudal /ˈkɔ:d(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like a tail 尾巴的，像尾巴的 2  of the posterior part of the body (身体)后部的，尾部的 □ caudally  adv.   [modern Latin caudalis from Latin cauda ‘tail’]

caudate /ˈkɔ:deit/ adj.  having a tail 有尾巴的 [see CAUDAL]

caudillo /kaʊˈdi:ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in Spanish-speaking countries) a military or political leader (说西班牙语的国家的)军方首脑；国家元首 [Spanish from Late Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput ‘head’]

caught past and past part.  of CATCH 

caul /kɔ:l/ n.  1  a  the inner membrane enclosing a foetus 胎头羊膜，胎膜b  part of this occasionally found on a child's head at birth, thought to bring good luck (婴儿出生时头部偶尔带有的)部分胎膜 2 hist. [史义]  a  a woman's close-fitting indoor headdress (室内用)女子头饰b  the plain back part of a woman's indoor headdress (女子头饰上)无装饰的后部 3  the omentum 网膜 [Middle English perhaps from Old French cale ‘small cap’]

cauldron /ˈkɔ:ldr(ə)n, ˈkɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 caldron)  a large deep bowl-shaped vessel for boiling over an open fire; an ornamental vessel resembling this (用于煮东西的)大锅；锅状器皿 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French caudron, ultimately from Latin caldarium ‘hot bath’ from calidus ‘hot’]

cauliflower /ˈkɒliflaʊə/ n.  1  a variety of cabbage with a large immature flower head of small usu. creamy-white flower buds 花椰菜，花菜(甘蓝的一种) 2  the flower head eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜的花(作蔬菜用) [earlier cole-florie etc. from obsolete French chou fleuri ‘flowered cabbage’, assimilated to COLE and FLOWER]

cauliflower cheese n. Brit.  a savoury dish of cauliflower in a cheese sauce [英]干酪花菜(一种开胃菜肴)

cauliflower ear n.  an ear thickened or deformed by repeated blows, esp. in boxing (尤指拳击手因反复受击打而变畸形的)开花耳朵

caulk /kɔ:k/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] calk) ●n.  a waterproof filler and sealant, used in building (建筑中填嵌的)防水填料，防渗漏剂  bathroom caulk  洗澡间防渗漏剂 ●v. tr.  1  seal (a seam etc.) with caulk 用(密封材料)填嵌隙缝 2  a  stop up (the seams of a boat etc.) with oakum etc. and waterproofing material, or by driving plate-junctions together 捻缝(填入麻絮和防水材料以防漏水)；敛缝(指锤打铆好的钢板使铆缝不漏水)b  make (esp. a boat) watertight by this method 使(尤指船只)不漏水 □ caulker  n.   [Old French dialect cauquer ‘tread, press with force’, from Latin calcare ‘tread’ from calx ‘heel’]

causal /ˈkɔ:z(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, forming, or expressing a cause or causes 原因的；构成原因的；表示原因的 2  relating to, or of the nature of, cause and effect 因果关系的；具有因果关系性质的 □ causally  adv.   [Late Latin causalis: see CAUSE]

causality /kɔ:ˈzæliti/ n.  1  the relation of cause and effect 因果关系 2  the principle that everything has a cause 因果原理，因果律

causation /kɔ:ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of causing or producing an effect 引起结果，产生效果 2  = CAUSALITY 1  [French causation or Latin causatio ‘pretext’ etc., in medieval Latin ‘the action of causing’, from causare CAUSE]

causative /ˈkɔ:zətiv/ adj.  1  acting as cause 成为原因的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  producing; having as effect 产生效果的 3 Gram.  expressing cause 【语法】使役的，表示原因的 □ causatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French causatif or from Late Latin causativus: see CAUSATION]

'cause /kɒz, kəz/ conj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = BECAUSE  [abbreviation]

cause /kɔ:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  that which produces an effect, or gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition 原因，起因b  a person or thing that occasions something 引起某事的人(或事物)c  a reason or motive; a ground that may be held to justify something 理由；动机；(充分的)根据  no cause for complaint  没有理由抱怨 2  a reason adjudged adequate (充分的)理由  show cause  表示异议的理由 3  a principle, belief, or purpose which is advocated or supported (拥护或支持的)事业  faithful to the cause  忠实于这项事业 4  a  a matter to be settled at law (有待通过法律解决的)事项b  an individual's case offered at law 诉讼案件  plead a cause  为案件进行辩护 5  the side taken by any party in a dispute (争议中任何一方所持的)立场 ●v. tr.  1  be the cause of, produce, make happen 是…的起因；使产生，使发生  caused a commotion  引起骚动 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  induce 使，促使  caused me to smile  使我发笑 caused it to be done  促使它的完成 □ cause and effect   1  a cause and the effect it produces; the doctrine of causation 原因和结果；因果原理 2  the operation or relation of a cause and its effect 因果关系□ in the cause of   to maintain, defend, or support 坚持；捍卫；支持  in the cause of justice  坚持正义□ make common cause with   join the side of 与…联合，与…合作□ causable  adj.  □ causeless  adj.  □ causer  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin causa (n.), causare (v.)]

cause célèbre /kɔ:z seˈlebr(ə)/ n. (pl. causes célèbres pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a lawsuit that attracts much attention 轰动的案件 2  an issue that gives rise to widespread public discussion (引起广泛争论的)事件 [French]

causerie /ˈkəʊzəri, 法 kozri/ n. (pl. causeries pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an informal article or talk, esp. on a literary subject (尤指文艺方面的)随笔，漫谈 [French from causer ‘talk’]

causeway /ˈkɔ:zwei/ n.  1  a raised road or track across low or wet ground or a stretch of water (穿过低洼湿地或浅水的)堤道 2  a raised path by a road (公路旁铺筑的)人行道 [earlier cauce, cauceway from Old Norman French caucié, ultimately from Latin CALX ‘lime, limestone’]

causey /ˈkɔ:zi, -si/ n. archaic or dial. [古义] [方]  = CAUSEWAY 

caustic /ˈkɔ:stik, ˈkɒst-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that burns or corrodes organic tissue 腐蚀性的 2  sarcastic, biting 讽刺的，尖刻的 3 Chem.  strongly alkaline 【化】苛性的 4 Physics  formed by the intersection of reflected or refracted parallel rays from a curved surface 【物理学】焦散的 ●n.  1  a caustic substance 腐蚀剂 2 Physics  a caustic surface or curve 【物理学】焦散曲线；焦散面 □ caustically  adv.  □ causticity  /-ˈtisiti/ n.   [Latin causticus from Greek kaustikos, from kaustos ‘burnt’, from kaiō ‘burn’]

caustic potash n.  potassium hydroxide 苛性钾，氢氧化钾

caustic soda n.  sodium hydroxide 苛性苏打，苛性钠，烧碱

cauterize /ˈkɔ:təraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Med.  burn or coagulate (tissue) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, esp. to stop bleeding 【医】(用烙器或烧灼剂等)烙，烧灼(尤指止血) □ cauterization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French cautériser via Late Latin cauterizare from Greek kautēriazō, from kautērion ‘branding-iron’, from kaiō ‘burn’]

caution /ˈkɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  attention to safety; prudence, carefulness 小心；谨慎，慎重 2  a esp. Brit.  a warning, esp. a formal one in law [尤英] (尤指依据法律的正式)警告b  a formal warning and reprimand 正式警告；谴责 3 colloq.  an amusing or surprising person or thing [口]逗人发笑的人(或物)，使人惊讶的人(或物) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, or to + infin.)  warn or admonish 警告，劝告，告诫 2 esp. Brit.  issue a caution to [尤英]提醒，劝…小心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cautio -onis, from cavēre caut- ‘take heed’]

cautionary /ˈkɔ:ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  that gives or serves as a warning 提醒注意的；告诫的  a cautionary tale  警世故事

caution money n. Brit.  a sum deposited as security for good conduct [英] (为保证优良行为而付的)保证金

cautious /ˈkɔ:ʃəs/ adj.  careful, prudent; attentive to safety 小心的，谨慎的；注意安全的 □ cautiously  adv.  □ cautiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin: see CAUTION]

cavalcade /kæv(ə)lˈkeid, ˈkæv(ə)lkeid/ n.  a procession or formal company of riders, motor vehicles, etc. 骑手队列，马队；汽车车队 [French from Italian cavalcata from cavalcare ‘ride’, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘packhorse’]

cavalier /kævəˈliə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist. (作 Cavalier)  a supporter of Charles I in the Civil War [史义]保王党成员(英国内战时期查理一世的支持者) 2  a courtly gentleman, esp. as a lady's escort 彬彬有礼的绅士(尤指贵妇人的护送者) 3 archaic  a horseman [古义]骑士，骑兵 ●adj.  offhand, supercilious, blasé 不礼貌的；傲慢的；无动于衷的 □ cavalierly  adv.   [French from Italian cavaliere, ultimately from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CABALLERO, CHEVALIER]

cavalry /ˈkæv(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  soldiers on horseback or in armoured vehicles 骑兵(部队)；装甲兵(部队) [French cavallerie via Italian cavalleria from cavallo ‘horse’, from Latin caballus]

cavalryman /ˈkæv(ə)lrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a soldier of a cavalry regiment 骑兵

cavalry twill n.  a strong fabric in a double twill 马裤呢，兔斜纹厚呢，双纹呢

cavatina /kævəˈti:nə/ n.  1  a short simple song 短歌，小曲 2  a similar piece of instrumental music, usu. slow and emotional 抒情器乐 [Italian]

cave1 /keiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large hollow in the side of a cliff, hill, etc., or underground 山洞，洞穴；地穴 2 Brit. hist.  a dissident political group [英史义]脱党小宗派，持不同政见的集团 ●v. intr.  explore caves, esp. interconnecting or underground 探察洞穴(尤指探察内连洞穴或地下洞穴) □ cave in   1  a (of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc.) subside, collapse (墙壁、洞穴等)下沉，坍塌，塌陷b  cause (a wall, earth, etc.) to do this 使(墙壁、洞穴等)坍塌，塌陷 2  yield or submit under pressure; give up (被迫)屈服，投降；放弃□ cavelike  adj.  □ caver  n.  (业余爱好)探察洞穴者 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cava, from cavus ‘hollow’: cave in probably from E. Anglian dialect calve in, ultimately from Germanic]

cave2 /keivi/ int. Brit. school slang  look out! (as a warning cry) [英] [学俚]当心！注意！ (告知“老师来了”的报警用语) □ keep cave   act as lookout 望风 [Latin, = beware]

caveat /ˈkæviæt, ˈkei-/ n.  1  a warning or proviso 警告，告诫；限制性条款 2 Law  a process in court to suspend proceedings 【法律】(法庭)中止诉讼的程序 [Latin, = let a person beware]

caveat emptor /kæviæt ˈemptɔ:/ n.  the principle that the buyer alone is responsible if dissatisfied 买主自行小心，货物售出概不退换(商家对买主的警告用语) [Latin, = let the buyer beware]

cave bear n.  an extinct kind of large bear, whose bones have been found in caves 洞熊，穴熊(已经绝灭的一种熊，因在山洞中发现其骨骼化石而得名)

cave dweller n.  = CAVEMAN 

cave-in n.  1  a collapse of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc. (墙壁、洞穴等的)下沉，坍塌，塌陷 2  an instance of yielding under pressure 坍塌，塌方

caveman /ˈkeivmæn/ n. (pl. -men; fem. cavewoman, pl. -women)  1  a prehistoric man living in a cave (史前的)穴居人 2  a primitive or crude man 未开化的人，野蛮人，行为粗野的人

cave painting n.  a prehistoric or primitive picture on the interior of a cave, esp. depicting animals (尤以画动物为主的史前或原始)洞穴壁画

cavern /ˈkæv(ə)n/ n.  1  a cave, esp. a large or dark one (尤指大而黑的)洞穴，山洞 2  a dark cavelike place, e.g. a room 似洞穴的幽暗处(尤指黑屋子) □ cavernous  adj.  □ cavernously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French caverne or from Latin caverna, from cavus ‘hollow’]

caviar /ˈkæviɑ:, kæviˈɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 caviare)  the pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy 鱼子酱 [early forms representing Italian caviale, French caviar, probably from medieval Greek khavíari]

cavil /ˈkæv(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (cavilled, cavilling; US [美] caviled, caviling) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, about)  make petty objections; carp 吹毛求疵；挑剔，找茬 ●n.  a trivial objection 吹毛求疵的意见，挑剔 □ caviller  n.   [French caviller from Latin cavillari, from cavilla ‘mockery’]

caving /ˈkeiviŋ/ n.  exploring caves as a sport or pastime (作为体育运动或业余爱好的)洞穴探察

cavitation /kæviˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the formation of a cavity in a structure (结构内的)成穴，成洞，成腔 2  the formation of bubbles or cavities in a liquid by the movement through it of a propeller etc. (液体因运动而形成的)气泡，气窝，气穴

cavity /ˈkæviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hollow within a solid body (固体内的)洞，穴 2  a decayed part of a tooth (牙齿的)龋洞 [French cavité or Late Latin cavitas, from Latin cavus ‘hollow’]

cavity wall n.  a wall formed from two skins of brick or blockwork with a space between 空心墙

cavort /kəˈvɔ:t/ v. intr. colloq.  caper excitedly; gambol, prance [口]跳跃；嬉戏；腾跃 [US, perhaps from CURVET]

cavy /ˈkeivi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any small rodent of the family Caviidae, native to S. America and having a sturdy body and vestigial tail, including guinea pigs 豚鼠，天竺鼠(豚鼠科啮齿动物，原产于南美洲) [modern Latin cavia from Galibi cabiai]

caw /kɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  the harsh cry of a rook, crow, etc. 乌鸦叫声 ●v. intr.  utter this cry 呱呱地叫，发乌鸦叫声 [imitative]

cay /kei, ki:/ n.  a low insular bank or reef of coral, sand, etc. (cf. 参见 KEY2) 珊瑚礁；沙洲，沙礁 [Spanish cayo ‘shoal, reef’ from French quai: see QUAY]

cayenne /keiˈen/ n. (in full 全称 cayenne pepper)  a pungent red pepper prepared from ground dried chillies (红)辣椒粉 [Tupi kyynha assimilated to Cayenne, the capital of French Guiana]

cayman /ˈkeimən/ n. (also 亦作 caiman)  any of several reptiles related to alligators, esp. of the genus Caiman of Central and S. America 凯门鳄，宽吻鳄(鳄类爬行动物，尤指中部和南部美洲的短吻鳄) [Spanish & Portuguese caiman, from Carib acayuman]

cañon var.  of CANYON  CANYON 的变体

CB abbr. [缩略]  1  citizens' band  2 (in the UK) Companion of the Order of the Bath (英国)巴思爵士

CBC abbr.  Canadian Broadcasting Corporation [缩略]加拿大广播公司

CBE abbr.  Commander of the Order of the British Empire [缩略]英帝国二等勋爵士

CBI abbr. (in the UK) Confederation of British Industry [缩略]英国工业联合会

CBS abbr. (in the US) Columbia Broadcasting System [缩略] (美国)哥伦比亚广播公司

CC abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. [英]  a  City Council 市议会，市政会b  County Council c  County Councillor  2  Cricket Club 板球俱乐部 3  Companion of the Order of Canada 加拿大勋爵士

cc abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.c.)  1  cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米 2  carbon copy 

CCD abbr. Electronics  charge-coupled device, a high-speed semiconductor device used esp. in image detection [缩略]【电子学】电荷耦合器件(一种高速半导体装置，尤用于图像探测)

CD abbr. [缩略]  1  compact disc  2  Civil Defence  3  Corps Diplomatique 

Cd symb. Chem.  the element cadmium [符]【化】(化学元素)镉

Cd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (third series, 1900 － 18) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第三辑， 1900 至 1918 年)

cd abbr. [缩略]  candela 

CDC abbr. (in the US) Centers for Disease Control [缩略] (美国)疾病控制中心

Cdr. abbr. Mil. [缩略]【军】  Commander 

Cdre. abbr. [缩略]  Commodore 

CD-ROM /si:di:ˈrɒm/ abbr.  compact disc read-only memory (for retrieval of text or data on a VDU screen) [缩略]光碟；光盘只读存储器(用于在图像显示屏幕上检索文本或数据)

CDT abbr. [缩略]  1  Central Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Central Standard Time) (美国)中部夏令时间(比中部标准时间早一个小时) 2  craft, design, and technology 工艺、设计和技术

CD video n.  a system of simultaneously reproducing high-quality sound and video pictures from a compact disc 影视光碟，影碟

CE abbr. [缩略]  1  Church of England  2  civil engineer  3  Common Era 

Ce symb. Chem.  the element cerium [符]【化】(化学元素)铈

ceanothus /si:əˈnəʊθəs/ n.  any shrub of the genus Ceanothus, with small blue or white flowers 美洲茶(鼠李科灌木，开蓝色或白色小花) [modern Latin, from Greek keanōthos, a kind of thistle]

cease /si:s/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  stop; bring or come to an end 停止，终止  ceased breathing  停止了呼吸 ●n. (in 用于 without cease)  unendingly 不停地，不断地 □ cease fire  Mil.  stop firing 【军】停火，停战 [Middle English from Old French cesser, Latin cessare frequentative of cedere cess- ‘yield’]

ceasefire /ˈsi:sfaiə/ n. Mil. 【军】  1  an order to stop firing 停火命令 2  a period of truce; a suspension of hostilities 停火(期)，停战(期)

ceaseless /ˈsi:slis/ adj.  without end; not ceasing 不停的，不间断的 □ ceaselessly  adv.  

Cecil /ˈsesl, ˈsisl/   塞西尔 [人名]

Cecilia /siˈsiljə/   塞西莉亚 [人名]

Cecily /ˈsisili/   塞西莉 [人名]

cecitis US var.  of CAECITIS [美] CAECITIS 的变体

cecum US var.  of CAECUM [美] CAECUM 的变体

cedar /ˈsi:də/ n.  1  any spreading evergreen conifer of the genus Cedrus, bearing tufts of small needles and cones of papery scales, esp. (more fully 全称 cedar of Lebanon) Cedrus libani, native to Asia Minor 雪松(针叶松柏科植物，尤指产于小亚细亚的黎巴嫩雪松) 2  any of various similar conifers yielding timber 松柏 3  = CEDARWOOD  □ cedarn  adj. poet. [诗]   [Middle English via Old French cedre and Latin cedrus from Greek kedros]

cedarwood /ˈsi:dəwʊd/ n.  the fragrant durable wood of any cedar tree (有持久芳香的)雪松木材

cede /si:d/ v. tr.  give up one's rights to or possession of 放弃(权利)；割让，转让(所有权) [French céder or Latin cedere ‘yield’]

cedi /ˈsi:di/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or cediscedis)  the chief monetary unit of Ghana 塞地(加纳货币单位) [Ghanaian, perhaps from alteration of SHILLING]

cedilla /siˈdilə/ n.  1  a mark written under the letter c, esp. in French, to show that it is sibilant (as in 如 façade) 下加符，尾形符(尤在法语中，加在字母 c 下面，表示该字母发咝音) 2  a similar mark under s in Turkish and other oriental languages (土耳其等语言中加在字母 s 下面的)下加符，尾形符 [Spanish cedilla, diminutive of zeda, from Greek zēta, the letter Z]

Cedric /ˈsedrik/   锡德里克 [人名]

Ceefax /ˈsi:fæks/ n. Brit. propr.  a teletext service provided by the BBC [英] [商标] (由 BBC 公司提供的)传真电报 [representing the pronunciation of seeing + facsimile]

CEGB abbr. (in the UK) Central Electricity Generating Board [缩略] (英国)中央电力局

ceilidh /ˈkeili/ n. orig. Ir. & Sc.  an informal gathering for conversation, music, dancing, songs, and stories [源于爱尔兰和苏格兰]同乐会(有歌曲、舞蹈、音乐和故事的非正式集会) [Gaelic, from Old Irish céilide ‘visit, visiting’ from céile ‘companion’]

ceiling /ˈsi:liŋ/ n.  1  a  the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment 天花板；顶篷b  the material forming this 天花板材料 2  an upper limit on prices, wages, performance, etc. (价格、工资、性能等)最高限度，最大限额，封顶 3 Aeron.  the maximum altitude a given aircraft can reach 【空】最大飞行高度，升限 4 Naut.  the inside planking of a ship's bottom and sides 【海】舱底木铺板，舱内衬板 [Middle English celynge, siling, perhaps ultimately from Latin caelum ‘heaven’ or celare ‘hide’]

celadon /ˈselədɒn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a willow-green colour 柳绿色 2  a grey-green glaze used on some pottery (瓷器的)灰绿色釉 3  Chinese pottery glazed in this way 青瓷(一种著名的中国瓷器) ●adj.  of a grey-green colour 灰绿色的 [French, from the name of the hero in d'Urfé's pastoral romance L'Astrée (1607 － 27)]

celandine /ˈseləndain/ n.  either of two yellow-flowered plants, the greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, and the lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria 白屈菜，欧洲毛茛(两种白屈菜属植物之一，开黄色花) [Middle English and Old French celidoine, ultimately from Greek khelidōn ‘swallow’: the flowering of the plant was associated with the arrival of swallows]

-cele /si:l/ comb. form (also 亦作 -coele) Med.  swelling, hernia (gastrocele 胃膨出) [构词成分]【医】肿胀，疝气 [Greek kēlē ‘tumour’]

celeb /siˈleb/ n. colloq. [口]  = CELEBRITY 1  [abbreviation]

celebrant /ˈselibr(ə)nt/ n.  a person who performs a rite, esp. a priest at the Eucharist 主持宗教仪式者(尤指主持圣餐的牧师) [French célébrant or Latin celebrare celebrant-: see CELEBRATE]

celebrate /ˈselibreit/ v.  1 tr.  mark (a festival or special event) with festivities etc. 庆祝(节日或者特别事件) 2 tr.  perform publicly and duly (a religious ceremony etc.) (正式公开地)举行(宗教仪式等) 3  a tr.  officiate at (the Eucharist) 主持(圣餐)b intr.  officiate, esp. at the Eucharist 主持(尤圣餐) 4 intr.  engage in festivities, usu. after a special event etc. (通常在重大事件等之后)举行庆祝活动 5 tr. (esp. as 尤作 celebrated adj.)  honour publicly, make widely known (当众)赞美，称赞；使著名 □ celebration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ celebrator  n.  □ celebratory  adj.   [Latin celebrare from celeber -bris ‘frequented, honoured’]

celebrity /siˈlebriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a well-known person 名人，名流 2  fame 名声，名望；著名 [French célébrité or Latin celebritas, from celeber: see CELEBRATE]

celeriac /siˈleriæk/ n.  a variety of celery with a swollen turnip-like stem base used as a vegetable 块根芹(芹菜的一种，其根茎像萝卜，可作蔬菜) [CELERY: -ac is unexplained]

celerity /siˈleriti/ n. archaic or literary  swiftness (esp. of a living creature) [古义] [文学用语] (尤指生物)迅速，快速 [Middle English via French célérité from Latin celeritas -tatis, from celer ‘swift’]

celery /ˈseləri/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Apium graveolens, with closely packed succulent leaf-stalks used as a vegetable 芹菜 [French céleri via Italian dialect selleri and Latin selinum from Greek selinon ‘parsley’]

celery pine n.  an Australasian tree, Phyllocladus trichomanoides, with branchlets like celery leaves 芹松(大洋洲产紫杉科乔木，树顶的小枝状如芹叶)

celesta /siˈlestə/ n. Mus.  a small keyboard instrument resembling a glockenspiel, with hammers striking steel plates suspended over wooden resonators, giving an ethereal bell-like sound 【音】钢片琴 [pseudo-Latin from French céleste: see CELESTE]

celeste /siˈlest/ n. Mus.  1  an organ and harmonium stop with a soft tremulous tone 【音】(带有轻柔颤音的)风琴音栓 2  = CELESTA  [French céleste ‘heavenly’ from Latin caelestis, from caelum ‘heaven’]

celestial /siˈlestiəl/ adj.  1  heavenly; divinely good or beautiful; sublime 天国的；美好的；崇高的 2  of the sky, or of outer space as observed in astronomy etc. (天文学中所观测到的)天的，天空的，太空的 □ celestially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin caelestis: see CELESTE]

celestial equator n.  the great circle of the sky in the plane perpendicular to the earth's axis 天(球)赤道

celestial horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1c 

celestial navigation n.  navigation by the stars etc. 天文航海，天文导航

celestial sphere n.  an imaginary sphere of which the observer is the centre and in which celestial objects are represented as lying 天球

Celia /ˈsi:ljə/   西莉亚 [人名]

celiac US var.  of COELIAC [美] COELIAC 的变体

celibate /ˈselibət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  committed to abstention from sexual relations and from marriage, esp. for religious reasons (尤指出于宗教原因而)立誓不婚的，独身的 2  abstaining from sexual relations 禁欲的 ●n.  a celibate person 独身者，禁欲者 □ celibacy  n.   [French célibat or Latin caelibatus ‘unmarried state’, from caelebs -ibis ‘unmarried’]

cell /sel/ n.  1  a small room, esp. in a prison or monastery (尤指牢房或修道院中的)小房间 2  a small compartment, e.g. in a honeycomb 小隔间(如蜂房的巢室) 3  a small group as a nucleus of political activity, esp. of a subversive kind (尤指颠覆性的)小政治派别 4 hist.  a small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger one [史义]附属小修道院(或尼姑庵) 5 Biol. 【生】  a  the structural and functional usu. microscopic unit of an organism, consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane 细胞b  an enclosed cavity in an organism etc. 生物体小腔 6 Electr.  a vessel for containing electrodes within an electrolyte for current-generation or electrolysis 【电】电池 □ celled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ cell-like  adj.   [Middle English from Old French celle or from Latin cella ‘storeroom, chamber’]

cellar /ˈselə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a room below ground level in a house, used for storage, esp. of wine or coal 地窖，地下室(尤用于储藏酒或煤等) 2  a stock of wine in a cellar 窖藏的酒  has a good cellar  藏有大量的好酒 ●v. tr.  store or put in a cellar 把…藏入地窖 [Middle English via Anglo-French celer, Old French celier from Late Latin cellarium ‘storehouse’]

cellarage /ˈseləridʒ/ n.  1  cellar accommodation 地下室设施 2  the charge for the use of a cellar or storehouse 窖藏费，地下室租金

cellarer /ˈselərə/ n. hist.  a monastic officer in charge of wine [史义] (修道院中)负责管理酒的人

cellaret /seləˈret/ n. (US also [美亦] cellarette)  a case or sideboard for holding wine bottles in a dining room (餐厅中存放酒瓶的)酒橱，酒柜

cellarman /ˈseləmən/ n.  a man in charge of a wine cellar 酒窖管理员

cell block n.  a block of prison cells (由一组牢房构成的)监狱分区

Cellnet /ˈselnet/ n. propr.  a cellular telephone service [商标]移动电话服务

cello /ˈtʃeləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a bass instrument of the violin family, held upright on the floor between the legs of the seated player 大提琴 □ cellist  n.   [abbreviation of VIOLONCELLO]

cellophane /ˈseləfein/ n. propr.  a thin transparent wrapping material made from viscose [商标]赛璐玢，玻璃纸 [CELLULOSE + -phane (suggested by DIAPHANOUS)]

cellphone /ˈselfəʊn/ n.  a small portable radio-telephone having access to a cellular radio system 移动电话，手持电话

cellular /ˈseljʊlə/ adj.  1  of or having small compartments or cavities 小隔间的，小空腔的 2  of open texture; porous 网眼结构的，多孔的 3 Physiol.  of or consisting of cells 【生理】细胞的，由细胞组成的 4  designating or relating to a mobile telephone system that uses a number of short-range radio stations to cover the area it serves, the signal being automatically switched from one station to another as the user travels about 移动电话系统的 □ cellularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ cellulate  adj.  □ cellulous  adj.   [French cellulaire from modern Latin cellularis: see CELLULE]

cellular blanket n.  a blanket of open texture 网眼毯

cellular phone n. (also 亦作 cellular radio)  a system of mobile radio-telephone transmission with an area divided into ‘cells’ each served by its own small transmitter 移动电话

cellular plant n.  a plant with no distinct stem, leaves, etc. 无维植物(无明显茎叶等的植物)

cellule /ˈselju:l/ n. Biol.  a small cell or cavity 【生】小细胞，小腔 [French cellule or Latin cellula, diminutive of cella CELL]

cellulite /ˈseljʊlait/ n.  a lumpy form of fat, esp. on the hips and thighs of women, causing puckering of the skin (尤指妇女大腿和臀部的)脂肪团 [French (as CELLULE)]

cellulitis /seljʊˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue 蜂窝组织炎

celluloid /ˈseljʊlɔid/ n.  1  a transparent flammable plastic made from camphor and nitrocellulose 赛璐珞，明胶 2  cinema film 影片，电影 [CELLULOSE + -OID]

cellulose /ˈseljʊləʊz, -s/ n.  1 Biochem.  a carbohydrate forming the main constituent of plant cell walls, used in the production of textile fibres 【生化】纤维素 2 (in general use) a paint or lacquer consisting of esp. cellulose acetate or nitrate in solution 纤维素涂料 □ cellulosic  /-ˈləʊsik/ adj.   [French (as CELLULE)]

cellulose acetate n. Chem.  the cellulose ester of acetic acid, widely used as an artificial fibre or plastic 【化】醋酸纤维素(广泛用作人造纤维或塑料)

cell wall n. Biol.  the rigid layer that encloses a plant or bacterial cell 【生】细胞壁

celom US var.  of COELOM [美] COELOM 的变体

Celsius /ˈselsiəs/ adj.  of or denoting a temperature on the Celsius scale (温度)摄氏的 [named after A. Celsius, Swedish astronomer d. 1744]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CENTIGRADE. 见 CENTIGRADE 词条后的用法说明。 

Celsius scale n.  a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions (温度计的)摄氏温标

Celt /kelt, s-/ n.  a member of a group of western European peoples, including the pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain and Gaul and their descendants, esp. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, Brittany, and the Isle of Man 凯尔特人(包括在罗马人之前定居不列颠、高卢的民族及其后裔) [Latin Celtae (pl.) from Greek Keltoi]

celt /selt/ n. Archaeol.  a stone or metal prehistoric implement with a chisel edge 【考古】(史前用石头或金属制作的)斧，石凿 [medieval Latin celtes ‘chisel’]

Celtic /ˈkeltik, ˈs-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Celts 凯尔特人的 ●n.  a group of languages spoken by Celtic peoples, including Gaelic, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton 凯尔特语(包括苏格兰盖尔语、威尔士语、康沃尔人和布列塔尼人说的语言) □ Celticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin celticus (as CELT) or French celtique]

Celtic cross n.  a Latin cross with a circle round the centre 凯尔特式十字架(十字交叉处有一圆环)

Celtic fringe n.  1  the Highland Scots, Irish, Welsh, and Cornish in relation to the rest of Britain 凯尔特外缘(相对于英国其他地区的苏格兰、爱尔兰、威尔士和康沃尔等地居民) 2  the land inhabited by these peoples 凯尔特外缘地区

cembalo /ˈtʃembələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a harpsichord 羽管键琴，拨弦古钢琴 □ cembalist  n.   [abbreviation of CLAVICEMBALO]

cement /siˈment/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or used in concrete (see also 另见 PORTLAND CEMENT) 水泥 2  any similar substance that hardens and fastens on setting 类似水泥的物质，胶结材料，胶接剂 3  a uniting factor or principle 团结的因素(或原则) 4  a substance for filling cavities in teeth (补牙用的)粘固粉 5 (also 亦作 cementum) Anat.  a thin layer of bony material that fixes teeth to the jaw 【解】牙骨质 ●v. tr.  1  a  unite with or as with cement (用水泥或胶接剂)粘结，胶合b  establish or strengthen (a friendship etc.) 建立(友谊等)，巩固(友谊等) 2  apply cement to 抹水泥于… 3  line or cover with cement 填水泥，铺水泥 □ cementer  n.   [Middle English via Old French ciment from Latin caementum ‘quarry stone’, from caedere ‘hew’]

cementation /si:menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of cementing or being cemented 粘结；胶接 2  the heating of iron with charcoal powder to form steel (铁的)渗碳处理

cement mixer n.  a machine (usu. with a revolving drum) for mixing cement with water 水泥搅拌器

cemetery /ˈsemitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a burial ground, esp. one not in a churchyard (尤指教堂外面的)墓地，公墓 [Late Latin coemeterium from Greek koimētērion ‘dormitory’, from koimaō ‘put to sleep’]

C.Eng. abbr. Brit.  chartered engineer [缩略] [英]特许工程师，注册工程师

cenobite US var.  of COENOBITE [美] COENOBITE 的变体

cenotaph /ˈsenətɑ:f, -tæf/ n.  a tomblike monument, esp. a war memorial, to a dead person whose body is elsewhere (为葬于他地的死者、尤阵亡者所立的)纪念碑 [French cénotaphe from Late Latin cenotaphium, from Greek kenos ‘empty’ + taphos ‘tomb’]

Cenozoic /si:nəˈzəʊik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Cainozoic /kainə-/) Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the most recent era of geological time, marked by the evolution and development of mammals, birds, and flowers 新生代的，新生界的，第三纪的 ●n.  this era (cf. 参见 MESOZOIC, PALAEOZOIC) 新生代，新生界，第三纪 [Greek kainos ‘new’ + zōion ‘animal’]

censer /ˈsensə/ n.  a vessel in which incense is burnt, esp. during a religious procession or ceremony (宗教或典礼仪式时用的)香炉 [Middle English from Anglo-French censer, Old French censier from encens INCENSE1]

censor /ˈsensə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official authorized to examine printed matter, films, news, etc., before public release, and to suppress any parts on the grounds of obscenity, a threat to security, etc. (印刷品、电影、新闻等的)审查员，审查官 2 Rom. Hist.  either of two annual magistrates responsible for holding censuses and empowered to supervise public morals [罗马]【史】监察官(古罗马负责调查户口，监察人民行为的官员) 3 Psychol.  an impulse which is said to prevent certain ideas and memories from emerging into consciousness 【心】潜意识压抑力 ●v. tr.  1  act as a censor of 审查，检察 2  make deletions or changes in 修改；删去 □ censorial  /-ˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ censorship  n.   [Latin from censēre ‘assess’: in sense 3 mistranslation of German Zensur ‘censorship’]■Usage 用法说明 As a verb, censor is often confused with censure ‘to criticize sharply’. 作为动词， censor 经常与 censure 用混，后者表示“严厉责备，谴责”。 

censorious /senˈsɔ:riəs/ adj.  severely critical; fault-finding; quick or eager to criticize 苛刻批评的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的 □ censoriously  adv.  □ censoriousness  n.   [Latin censorius: see CENSOR]

censure /ˈsenʃə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  criticize harshly; reprove 指责，谴责，责备 ●n.  harsh criticism; expression of disapproval 指责，谴责，责备 □ censurable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin censura, from censēre ‘assess’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CENSOR. 见 censor 词条后的用法说明。 

census /ˈsensəs/ n. (pl. censuses)  the official count of a population or of a class of things, often with various statistics noted (官方的)人口普查，人口调查 [Latin from censēre ‘assess’]

cent /sent/ n.  1  a  a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a dollar or other decimal currency unit 分(美元及其他十进制货币单位的 1/100)b  a coin of this value 一分值硬币 2 colloq.  a very small sum of money [口]一点点钱 3  see 见 PER CENT  [French cent, Italian cento, or Latin centum ‘hundred’]

cent. abbr. [缩略]  century 

centaur /ˈsentɔ:/ n.  a creature in Greek mythology with the head, arms, and torso of a man and the body and legs of a horse (希腊神话中上身为人下身为马的)半人半马怪物 [Middle English via Latin centaurus from Greek kentauros, of unknown origin: the Greek name for a Thessalonian tribe of expert horsemen]

centaury /ˈsentɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any plant of the genus Centaurium, esp. C. erythraea, formerly used in medicine 矢车菊(埃蕾属植物，过去曾入药) [Late Latin centaurea, ultimately from Greek kentauros CENTAUR: from the legend that it was discovered by the centaur Chiron]

centavo /senˈtɑ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small coin of Spain, Portugal, and some Latin American countries, worth one-hundredth of the standard unit 分(一些拉美国家的小硬币，等于 1/100 比索) [Spanish from Latin centum ‘hundred’]

centenarian /sentiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person a hundred or more years old 百岁(或百岁以上的)老人 ●adj.  a hundred or more years old 百岁(或百岁以上)的

centenary /senˈti:nəri, -ˈten-; ˈsentinəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hundredth anniversary 100 周年纪念(日) 2  a celebration of this 100 周年庆祝活动 ●adj.  1  of or relating to a centenary 100 周年的， 100 周年纪念的 2  occurring every hundred years 每 100 年一次的 [Latin centenarius via centeni ‘a hundred each’ from centum ‘a hundred’]

centennial /senˈteniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting for a hundred years 持续百年的 2  occurring every hundred years 每百年一次的 ●n.  = CENTENARYn.  [Latin centum ‘a hundred’, on the pattern of BIENNIAL]

center US var.  of CENTRE [美] CENTRE 的变体

centerboard US var.  of CENTREBOARD [美] CENTREBOARD 的变体

centerfold US var.  of CENTREFOLD [美] CENTREFOLD 的变体

centering US var.  of CENTRING [美] CENTRING 的变体

centesimal /senˈtesim(ə)l/ adj.  reckoning or reckoned by hundredths 百分的；百进位的 □ centesimally  adv.   [Latin centesimus ‘hundredth’ from centum ‘a hundred’]

centi- /ˈsenti/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  one-hundredth, esp. of a unit in the metric system (centigram 厘克 ; centilitre 厘升) 厘，百分之一(尤用于公制计量单位) 2  hundred (abbr. 缩略 : c) 一百 [Latin centum ‘a hundred’]

centigrade /ˈsentiɡreid/ adj.  1  = CELSIUS  2  having a scale of a hundred degrees 百分度的 [French, from Latin centum ‘a hundred’ + gradus ‘step’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, Celsius is usually preferred in technical contexts. 本词的释义 1 在技术性语境中通常用 Celsius 。 

centigram /ˈsentiɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 centigramme)  a metric unit of mass, equal to one-hundredth of a gram 厘克(公制重量单位，等于 1/100 克)

centilitre /ˈsentili:tə/ n. (US [美] centiliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to one-hundredth of a litre 厘升(公制容量单位，等于 1/100 升)

centime /ˈsɒnti:m/ n.  1  a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a franc or other decimal currency unit 分(等于法郎及其他十进制货币的 1/100) 2  a coin of this value 一分值硬币 [French from Latin centum ‘a hundred’]

centimetre /ˈsentimi:tə/ n. (US [美] centimeter)  a metric unit of length, equal to one-hundredth of a metre 厘米(公制长度单位，等于 1/100 米)

centimetre-gram-second system n.  the system of measurement using the centimetre, the gram, and the second as basic units of length, mass, and time respectively (abbr. 缩略 : cgs) 厘米－克－秒制

centipede /ˈsentipi:d/ n.  a predatory arthropod of the class Chilopoda, with a flattened elongated body of many segments, most bearing a pair of legs 百脚虫，蜈蚣(唇足纲节肢动物，身体扁平细长，由许多节肢组成，每个节肢上有两条腿) [French centipède or Latin centipeda, from centum ‘a hundred’ + pes pedis ‘foot’]

cento /ˈsentəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a composition made up of quotations from other authors 抄袭拼凑而成的文章 [Latin, = patchwork garment]

central /ˈsentr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, at, or forming the centre 中心的；位于中心的；构成中心的 2  from the centre 来自中心的 3  chief, essential, most important 主要的；必要的；最重要的 □ centrality  /-ˈtræliti/ n.  □ centrally  adv.   [French central or Latin centralis, from centrum CENTRE]

Central African Republic   中非共和国

Central America n.  the isthmus joining North and South America 中美洲(指连接南北美洲的地峡) □ Central American  adj.  中美洲的

central bank n.  a national bank issuing currency etc. 中央银行

central heating n.  a method of warming a building by pipes, radiators, etc., fed from a central source of heat 集中采暖(法)，集中供暖(法)

centralism /ˈsentr(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system that centralizes (esp. an administration) (see also 另见 DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM) 集中制；(尤指政府)中央集权制，中央集权主义 □ centralist  n.  

centralize /ˈsentrəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to a centre 使集于中心；集中 2 tr.  a  concentrate (administration) at a single centre 使集中，使(政府)集权b  subject (a state) to this system 使(国家)置于中央集权制下 □ centralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

central locking n.  a locking system in motor vehicles whereby the locks of several doors can be operated from a single lock (车门)中央锁闭系统

central nervous system n. Anat.  the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, in vertebrates the brain and spinal cord 【解】中枢神经系统

central processing unit n. (also 亦作 central processor)  the part of a computer in which the control and execution of operations occur (abbr. 缩略 : CPU) 中央处理器，中央处理装置

central reservation  see 见 RESERVATION 5 

Central Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Central Time)  the standard time in a zone including the central states of the US and Canada, six hours behind GMT 中部标准时间(美国和加拿大中部时间，比格林尼治平均时间晚 6 个小时)

centre /ˈsentə/ n. & v. (US [美] center) ●n.  1  the middle point, esp. of a line, circle, or sphere, equidistant from the ends or from any point on the circumference or surface (线段的)中点；(圆、球体的)圆心，中心，中央 2  a pivot or axis of rotation (物体环绕旋转的)中心点，中心轴 3  a  a place or group of buildings forming a central point in a district, city, etc., or a main area for an activity (由建筑群构成的)中心区；活动中心  shopping centre  商业中心，购物中心 town centre  市中心b (with preceding word) a piece or set of equipment for a number of connected functions (与前接词连用)中心，中枢(指具有一系列相关功能的一套设备)  music centre  音乐中心 4  a point of concentration or dispersion; a nucleus or source (集中或疏散的)中心地点；核心；发源地 5  a political party or group holding moderate opinions (观点温和的)中间党派；持中间派意见者 6  the filling in a chocolate etc. (巧克力等的)夹心 7 Sport 【运动】  a  the middle player in a line or group in some field games 中锋b  a kick or hit from the side to the centre of the pitch 传中 8 (in a lathe etc.) a conical adjustable support for the workpiece (车床等固定加工工件用的)顶针，顶尖 9 (作 attrib.)  of or at the centre 中心的，在中央的 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on; disp. [异议] foll. by 后跟 round)  have as its main centre; focus on 集中，使聚于一点 2 tr.  place in the centre 把…置于中央位置 3 tr.  mark with a centre 标明…的中心 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on, etc.)  concentrate or focus (a thing) in, around, etc. 集中(某物)于… 5 tr. Sport  kick or hit (the ball) from the side to the centre of the pitch 【运动】传中 □ centred  adj. (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  □ centremost  adj.  最中心的，正中的□ centric  adj.  □ centrical  adj.  □ centricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French centre or Latin centrum from Greek kentron ‘sharp point, stationary point of a pair of compasses’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb centre in sense 1 ‘to focus on’ with round is common and found among good writers, but it is still considered incorrect by some people because centre designates a specific point. In such cases it is better to use centre on, e.g. The discussion centred on ways of raising money. 动词 centre 释义 1 “集中”后跟 round 的用法很常见，一些名作家也这样使用。但有些人仍认为该用法是错误的，因为 centre 表示一个特定的点。在这种情况下，最好用 centre on ，如 The discussion centred on ways of raising money (讨论内容集中在筹款方法上)。 

centre-back n. Sport  a middle player or position in a back line 【运动】后排中(位队员)；后排中位

centre bit n.  a boring tool with a centre point and side cutters 中心钻；三叉钻头

centreboard /ˈsentəbɔ:d/ n. (US [美] centerboard)  a board for lowering through a boat's keel to prevent leeway 中插板(船底中心防止船漂移的垂直升降板)

centrefold /ˈsentəfəʊld/ n. (US [美] centerfold)  1  a printed and usu. illustrated sheet folded to form the centre spread of a magazine etc. (杂志等)中间跨页，折叠插页 2  a model, usu. naked or scantily clad, pictured on such a spread 跨页版面上的模特照片(通常裸体或穿戴极少)

centre forward n. Sport  the middle player or position in a forward line 【运动】中锋；中锋的位置

centre half n. Sport  the middle player or position in a defensive line 【运动】中前卫；中前卫位置

centreing var.  of CENTRING  CENTRING 的变体

centre line n.  a real or imaginary line through the centre of a thing (真实或想像的)中线，中心线

centre of attention n.  1  a person or thing that draws general attention (指人或事物)注意力的中心 2 Physics  the point to which bodies tend by gravity 【物理学】重心

centre of flotation n.  the centre of gravity in a floating body (漂浮物体的)重心

centre of gravity n.  a point from which the weight of a body or system may be considered to act: in uniform gravity the same as the centre of mass 重心(在均匀重力情况下等于质心，即质量中心)

centre of mass n.  a point representing the mean position of the matter in a body or system 质量中心，质心

centrepiece /ˈsentəpi:s/ n.  1  an ornament for the middle of a table (餐桌中央的)中心装饰 2  a principal item 主要项目

centre spread n.  the two facing middle pages of a newspaper etc. (报刊等的)中间跨页，跨页版面

centre stage n. & adv. ●n.  1  the centre of a stage 舞台中央 2  the centre of attention 注意力的中心 ●adv.  in or into this position 引人注意地

-centric /ˈsentrik/ comb. form  forming adjectives with the sense ‘having a (specified) centre’ (anthropocentric 人类中心说的 ; eccentric 不同圆心的，不正圆的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“具有特定中心的” [on the pattern of concentric etc. from Greek kentrikos: see CENTRE]

centrifugal /senˈtrifjʊɡ(ə)l, ˈsentrifju:ɡ(ə)l, sentriˈfju:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  moving or tending to move from a centre (cf. 参见 CENTRIPETAL) 离心的；倾向于分散的 □ centrifugally  adv.   [modern Latin centrifugus, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + fugere ‘flee’]

centrifugal force n.  an apparent force that acts outwards on a body moving about a centre, caused by the body's inertia 离心力

centrifuge /ˈsentrifju:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a machine with a rapidly rotating container designed to apply centrifugal force to its contents, usu. to separate liquids from solids, or fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) 离心机(通常用来从固体中分离液体或不同浓度的液体，如从牛奶中分离出奶油) ●v. tr.  1  subject to the action of a centrifuge 使受离心作用 2  separate by centrifuge 用离心机分离 □ centrifugation  /-fjʊˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

centring /ˈsentriŋ/ n. (also 亦作 centreing /ˈsent(ə)riŋ/, US [美] centering /ˈsent(ə)riŋ/)  a temporary frame used to support an arch, dome, etc., while under construction 拱鹰架(圆拱或穹顶修筑时的临时支架)

centriole /ˈsentriəʊl/ n. Biol.  a minute organelle, usu. within a centrosome, involved esp. in the development of spindles in cell division 【生】中心粒(通常在中心体内，在细胞分裂过程中参与生成纺锤体) [medieval Latin centriolum, diminutive of centrum ‘centre’]

centripetal /senˈtripit(ə)l, ˈsentripi:t(ə)l, sentriˈpi:t(ə)l/ adj.  moving or tending to move towards a centre (cf. 参见 CENTRIFUGAL) 向心的；倾向于集中的 □ centripetally  adv.   [modern Latin centripetus, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + petere ‘seek’]

centripetal force n.  a force acting on a moving body in the direction of the centre about which it is moving 向心力

centrist /ˈsentrist/ n. Polit. often derog.  a person who holds moderate views 【政】[常贬]温和主义者，中间派 □ centrism  n.  

centromere /ˈsentrəmiə/ n. Biol.  the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to the spindle during cell division 【生】着丝点，着丝粒(细胞分裂时中心粒附着于纺锤体的位置) [Latin centrum ‘centre’ + Greek meros ‘part’]

centrosome /ˈsentrəsəʊm/ n. Biol.  a distinct part of the cytoplasm in a cell, usu. near the nucleus, that contains the centriole 【生】中心体(细胞中通常靠近细胞核，含有中心粒的细胞质部分) [German Centrosoma, from Latin centrum ‘centre’ + Greek sōma ‘body’]

centuple /ˈsentjʊp(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  a hundredfold amount 百倍 ●adj.  increased a hundredfold (增加)百倍的 ●v. tr.  multiply by a hundred; increase a hundredfold 使乘以百；使增至百倍 [French centuple or ecclesiastical Latin centuplus, centuplex, from Latin centum ‘hundred’]

centurion /senˈtjʊəriən/ n.  the commander of a century in the ancient Roman army (古罗马军团中)百人队队长，百夫长 [Middle English from Latin centurio -onis (as CENTURY)]

century /ˈsentʃʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a period of one hundred years 百年b  any of the centuries reckoned from the birth of Christ 世纪  twentieth century  = 1901 － 2000 20 世纪 fifth century  BC = 500 － 401 BC 公元前 5 世纪 2  a  a score etc. of a hundred in a sporting event, esp. a hundred runs by one batsman in cricket 100 分(体育运动得分，尤指板球击球手的得分)b  a group of a hundred things 100 个物品 3  a  a company in the ancient Roman army, originally of 100 men (古罗马军队的)百人队b  an ancient Roman political division for voting (古罗马的选举分区)百人团 [Latin centuria from centum ‘hundred’]■Usage 用法说明 Strictly speaking, since the first century ran from the year 1 － 100, the first year of a given century should be that ending in 01. However, in popular use this has been moved back a year, and so the twenty-first century will commonly be regarded as running from 2000 － 2099. 严格地说，由于公元 1 世纪是从公元 1 年至公元 100 年，某个世纪的第一年应该是以 01 为尾数的年份。然而，在人们普遍的使用中，每个世纪的第一年向后移了一年。所以 21 世纪通常被认为是公元 2000 至 2099 年。 

century plant n.  the American aloe, Agave americana (see 见 ALOE 3) 龙舌兰，世纪树，番麻(龙舌兰科植物)

cep /sep/ n.  an edible mushroom, Boletus edulis, with a stout stalk, a smooth brown cap, and pores rather than gills 牛肝蕈(一种食用蘑菇，菌杆粗壮，帽状菌顶光滑呈褐色，有细孔但无菌褶) [French cèpe via Gascon cep from Latin cippus ‘stake’]

cephalic /siˈfælik, ke-/ adj.  of or in the head 头部的，在头中的 [French céphalique via Latin cephalicus from Greek kephalikos, from kephalē ‘head’]

-cephalic /siˈfælik, ke-/ comb. form [构词成分]  = -CEPHALOUS 

cephalic index n. Anthropol.  a number expressing the ratio of a head's greatest breadth and length 【人】颅指数

cephalopod /ˈsef(ə)ləpɒd, ˈke-/ n.  a marine mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, having a distinct head with large eyes and a ring of tentacles around a beaked mouth, including the octopus, squid, and cuttlefish 头足动物(属海洋软体动物门，包括章鱼、鱿鱼和乌贼) [Greek kephalē ‘head’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

cephalothorax /sef(ə)ləʊˈθɔ:ræks, ke-/ n. (pl. -thoraces /-rəsi:z/ or -thoraxes) Anat.  the fused head and thorax of a spider, crab, or other arthropod 【解】头胸部(蜘蛛、蟹及其他节足动物头胸合一的部分)

-cephalous /ˈsef(ə)ləs, ˈkef-/ comb. form  -headed (brachycephalous 圆头型的 ; dolichocephalous 长头型的) [构词成分]有…头的 [Greek kephalē ‘head’]

cepheid /ˈsi:fiid, ˈse-/ n. (in full 全称 cepheid variable) Astron.  a variable star having a regular cycle of brightness with a frequency related to its luminosity, so allowing estimation of its distance 【天】造父变星 [from the name of the variable star Delta Cephei, which typifies this class of stars]

ceramic /siˈræmik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  made of (esp.) clay and permanently hardened by heat 陶制的  a ceramic bowl  瓷碗 2  of or relating to ceramics 陶瓷的，制陶艺术的  the ceramic arts  陶瓷艺术 ●n.  1  a ceramic article or product 陶器，陶瓷制品 2  a substance, esp. clay, used to make ceramic articles 陶瓷材料(尤指黏土) [Greek keramikos from keramos ‘pottery’]

ceramicist /siˈræmisist/ n.  a person who makes ceramics 陶器制造者，陶瓷艺术家

ceramics /siˈræmiks/ n. pl.  1  ceramic products collectively 陶器，陶瓷制品  exhibition of ceramics  陶瓷制品展览 2 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the art of making ceramic articles 制陶艺术，制陶工艺

cerastes /siˈræsti:z/ n.  a N. African viper of the genus Cerastes, esp. C. cerastes, which has a sharp upright spike over each eye 角蝰，蝰蛇(眼镜蛇科毒蛇，每只眼睛上方有一直立的骨状突出物，产于北非) [Latin, from Greek kerastēs from keras ‘horn’]

cerastium /siˈræstiəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Cerastium (pink family), with white flowers and often horn-shaped capsules 卷耳(卷耳属植物，开白花，结角状蒴果) [modern Latin, from Greek kerastes ‘horned’ from keras ‘horn’]

cercaria /sɜ:ˈkɛəriə/ n. (pl. -iae /-ii:/) Zool. & Med.  a free-swimming larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from an intermediate host (often a snail) to another intermediate host or to the final vertebrate host 【动】【医】摇尾幼虫，尾蚴(指一些昆虫在水中自由浮游的幼虫期。在此期间内，寄生吸虫从一个中间宿主(如蜗牛)传到另一个中间宿主，或者进入最终的脊椎动物宿主) [modern Latin, formed irregularly from Greek kerkos ‘tail’]

cercus /ˈsɜ:kəs/ n. (pl. cerci /-kai/) Zool.  either of a pair of small appendages at the end of the abdomen of some insects and other arthropods 【动】尾须，尾铗，尾毛(一些昆虫及其他节足动物腹部末端的一对小附属物) [modern Latin, from Greek kerkos ‘tail’]

cere /siə/ n.  a waxy fleshy covering at the base of the upper beak in some birds (一些鸟喙基部的)蜡膜 [Latin cera ‘wax’]

cereal /ˈsiəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  any kind of grain used for food (任何种类的)谷物b  any grass producing this, e.g. wheat, maize, rye, etc. 谷类植物(如小麦、玉米、黑麦等) 2  a breakfast food made from a cereal and requiring no cooking 谷类早餐食品 ●adj.  of or relating to edible grain or products of it 谷物的；用谷物制成的 [Latin cerealis from Ceres, the name of the goddess of agriculture]

cerebellum /seriˈbeləm/ n. (pl. cerebellums or cerebella /-lə/)  the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity 小脑(位于脊椎动物脑壳后部，其功能是协调肌肉的活动) □ cerebellar  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of CEREBRUM]

cerebral /ˈseribr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the brain 脑的，大脑的 2  intellectual rather than emotional 理智的(非感情的) 3 Phonet. 【语音】  = RETROFLEX 2  □ cerebrally  adv.   [Latin cerebrum ‘brain’]

cerebral hemisphere n.  each of the two halves of the vertebrate cerebrum 大脑半球

cerebral palsy n.  a condition marked by weakness and impaired coordination of the limbs, esp. caused by damage to the brain before or at birth (尤指因在妊娠期或出生时受伤造成的)大脑性麻痹

cerebration /seriˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  working of the brain 大脑作用，大脑功能活动，思考 □ cerebrate  /ˈseribreit/ v. intr.  

cerebro- /ˈseribrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  brain (cerebrospinal 脑脊髓) 大脑 [Latin cerebrum ‘brain’]

cerebrospinal /ˌseribrəʊˈspain(ə)l/ adj.  of the brain and spine 脑脊髓的

cerebrospinal fluid n. Anat.  a clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater 【解】脑脊(髓)液

cerebrovascular /ˌseribrəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ adj.  of the brain and its blood vessels 脑血管的

cerebrum /ˈseribrəm/ n. (pl. cerebra /-brə/)  the principal part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull, which integrates complex sensory and neural functions 大脑；前脑和中脑(脊椎动物大脑的主体部分，位于脑壳的前部) [Latin, = brain]

cerecloth /ˈsiəklɒθ/ n. hist.  waxed cloth used as a waterproof covering or (esp.) as a shroud [史义]蜡布(用作防水罩盖或尤用作裹尸布) [earlier cered cloth from cere ‘to wax’, via Latin cerare from cera ‘wax’]

cerement /ˈsiəm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) literary [文学用语]  1  cerecloth for wrapping the dead 裹尸布 2  burial clothes 寿衣 [first used by Shakespeare in Hamlet (1602): apparently from CERECLOTH]

ceremonial /seriˈməʊniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  with or concerning ritual or ceremony 礼节的，礼仪的，仪式的 2  formal 正式的  a ceremonial bow  拘于礼俗的鞠躬 ●n.  1  a system of rites etc. to be used esp. at a formal or religious occasion (尤指正式或宗教场合的)礼仪，仪式 2  the formalities or behaviour proper to any occasion (适合于任何场合的)礼节，礼俗  with all due ceremonial  以所有适当的礼俗 3 RC Ch.  a book containing an order of ritual 【天主教】仪式程序册 □ ceremonialism  n.  □ ceremonialist  n.  □ ceremonially  adv.   [Late Latin caerimonialis (as CEREMONY)]

ceremonious /seriˈməʊniəs/ adj.  1  = CEREMONIALadj.  2  full of ceremony; accompanied by rites 讲究礼仪的；伴有礼拜仪式的 3  having or showing a fondness for ritualistic observance or formality; punctilious 拘礼的；拘谨的 □ ceremoniously  adv.  □ ceremoniousness  n.   [French cérémonieux or Late Latin caerimoniosus (as CEREMONY)]

ceremony /ˈseriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a formal religious or public occasion, esp. celebrating a particular event or anniversary (尤指正式的宗教或公开)典礼；仪式 2  formalities, esp. of an empty or ritualistic kind (尤指例行的)繁文缛节  ceremony of exchanging compliments  互致问候的客套 3  excessively polite behaviour 虚礼  bowed low with great ceremony  虚礼地深鞠躬 □ stand on ceremony   insist on the observance of formalities 讲究礼节，拘礼□ without ceremony   informally 不拘礼节的，非正式的 [Middle English from Old French ceremonie or Latin caerimonia ‘religious worship’]

Cerenkov radiation /tʃəˈreŋkɒf reidiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Cherenkov)  the electromagnetic radiation emitted by particles moving in a medium at speeds faster than that of light in the same medium 切伦科夫辐射(粒子在某种介质中传播，当其速度超过光在同种介质的传播速度时，就会产生这种电磁辐射) [named after P.A. Cherenkov, Russian physicist d. 1990]

ceresin /ˈserisin/ n.  a hard whitish wax used with or instead of beeswax 地蜡(一种硬质白蜡，与蜂蜡混合使用或代替蜂蜡) [modern Latin ceres, from Latin cera ‘wax’ + -IN]

cerise /seˈri:z, -s/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a light clear red colour 鲜红色的 ●n.  this colour 鲜红色 [French, = CHERRY]

cerium /ˈsiəriəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring naturally in various minerals and used in the manufacture of lighter flints (symbol 符 Ce) 【化】(化学元素)铈 [named after the asteroid Ceres, discovered (1801) about the same time as this]

cermet /ˈsɜ:met/ n.  a heat-resistant material made of ceramic and sintered metal 金属陶瓷，合金陶瓷(一种用陶瓷和熔结金属制成的耐高温材料) [ceramic + metal]

CERN /sɜ:n/ abbr.  European Organization for Nuclear Research [缩略]欧洲原子核研究组织 [French Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, its former title]

cero- /ˈsiərəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  wax (cf. 参见 CEROGRAPHY, CEROPLASTIC) 蜡 [Latin cera or Greek kēros ‘wax’]

cerography /siəˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the technique of engraving or designing on or with wax 蜡雕刻技术；蜡画术

ceroplastic /siərəʊˈplæstik/ adj.  1  modelled in wax 用蜡塑的 2  of or concerning wax-modelling 蜡塑的，蜡塑技术的

cert /sɜ:t/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] (esp. 尤作 dead cert)  1  an event or result regarded as certain to happen 必然结果，肯定发生的事 2  a horse strongly tipped to win 预测能赢的赛马 [abbreviation of CERTAIN, CERTAINTY]

cert. abbr. [缩略]  1  a certificate  2  certified 

certain /ˈsɜ:t(ə)n, -tin/ adj. & pron. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or 或 that + clause)  confident, convinced 确信的，有把握的  certain that I put it here  我肯定把它放在这儿了b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  indisputable; known for sure 无可争议的，肯定的  it is certain that he is guilty  他有罪，这是无可争议的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  that may be relied on to happen 肯定会发生的  it is certain to rain  肯定会下雨b  destined 注定的，预定的  certain to become a star  注定会成为明星 3  definite, unfailing, reliable 确切的，明确的，可靠的  a certain indication of the coming storm  暴风雨来临的明显迹象 his touch is certain  他弹钢琴的指触很准确 4 (of a person, place, etc.) that might be specified, but is not (人、地点等)某，某个，一定的  a certain lady  某位女士 of a certain age  一定年龄的 5  some though not much 有些，有点儿  a certain reluctance  有点儿不情愿 6 (of a person, place, etc.) existing, though probably unknown to the reader or hearer (指读者或听者可能不知道的人、地方等)有一个  a certain John Smith  一个名叫约翰·史密斯的人 ●pron. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  some but not all 某些，某几个  certain of them were wounded  他们当中有些人受了伤 □ for certain   without doubt 肯定地，无疑地□ make certain   = make sure (see 见 SURE)  [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin certus ‘settled’]

certainly /ˈsɜ:t(ə)nli, -tin-/ adv.  1  undoubtedly, definitely 无疑地，一定，必定 2  confidently 有把握地，确信地 3 (in affirmative answer to a question or command) yes; by all means (用于肯定答复)当然，行

certainty /ˈsɜ:t(ə)nti, -tin-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an undoubted fact 肯定无疑的事实b  a certain prospect 必然发生的事  his return is a certainty  他的归来是必然的事 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or 或 that + clause)  an absolute conviction 确信，深信  has a certainty of his own worth  确信自身的价值 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a thing or person that may be relied on 肯定的事；可靠的人  a certainty to win the Derby  肯定会在德比马赛中获胜的马 □ for a certainty   beyond the possibility of doubt 确定无疑地 [Middle English from Anglo-French certainté, Old French certaineté (as CERTAIN)]

Cert. Ed. abbr. (in the UK) Certificate in Education [缩略] (英国)教育学证书

certifiable /ˈsɜ:tifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able or needing to be certified 可证明的；需要证明的 2 colloq.  insane [口]精神失常的

certificate n. & v. ●n. /səˈtifikət/  a formal document attesting a fact, esp. birth, marriage, or death, a medical condition, a level of achievement, a fulfilment of requirements, ownership of shares, etc. (尤指出生、婚姻、死亡、身体状况、资格等的)证明；证书；执照 ●v. tr. /səˈtifikeit/ (esp. as 尤作 certificated adj.)  provide with or license or attest by a certificate 发证书给…；用证书批准(或证明) □ certification  /sɜ:tifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French certificat or medieval Latin certificatum, from certificare: see CERTIFY]

Certificate of Secondary Education n. hist. [史义]  1  an examination set for secondary-school pupils in England and Wales, replaced in 1988 by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) (英格兰和威尔士)中学生毕业考试 (1988 年被“普通中等教育证书考试”所取代) 2  the certificate gained by passing it 中学生毕业证书

certified cheque n.  a cheque the validity of which is guaranteed by a bank 保付支票

certified mail n. N. Amer. [北美]  = RECORDED DELIVERY 

certified milk n. hist.  milk guaranteed free from the tuberculosis bacillus [史义]合格牛奶，给证牛奶

certify /ˈsɜ:tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make a formal statement of; attest; attest to 证明，证实  certified that he had witnessed the crime  证明他目击了犯罪过程 2  declare by certificate (that a person is qualified or competent) 用证书证明(某人合格或胜任)  certified as a trained bookkeeper  有证书证明为受过训练的记账员 3  officially declare insane 正式证明(精神失常)  he should be certified  他的精神失常应该有诊断证明 [Middle English via Old French certifier and medieval Latin certificare from Latin certus ‘certain’]

certiorari /sɜ:tiəˈrɛərai, -ˈrɑ:ri/ n. Law  a writ from a higher court requesting the records of a case tried in a lower court 【法律】(上级法院向下级法院发出的)调取案卷的令状 [Late Latin, passive of certiorare ‘inform’, from certior, comparative of certus ‘certain’]

certitude /ˈsɜ:titju:d/ n.  a feeling of absolute certainty or conviction 确信，深信 [Middle English from Late Latin certitudo, from certus ‘certain’]

cerulean /siˈru:liən/ adj. & n. literary [文学用语] ●adj.  deep blue like a clear sky 天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 ●n.  this colour 天蓝色，蔚蓝色 [Latin caeruleus ‘sky blue’ from caelum ‘sky’]

cerumen /siˈru:mən/ n.  the yellow waxy substance in the outer ear 耳垢，耳屎 □ ceruminous  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin cera ‘wax’]

ceruse /ˈsiəru:s, siˈru:s/ n.  white lead, used in ointments and (formerly) cosmetics 白铅，碳酸铅白(用于软膏，曾用于化妆品) [Middle English via Old French from Latin cerussa, perhaps from Greek kēros ‘wax’]

cervelat /ˈsɜ:vəlɑ:, -læt/ n.  a kind of smoked pork sausage 熏(猪肉)香肠 [obsolete French, from Italian cervellata]

cervical /ˈsɜ:vik(ə)l, sɜ:ˈvaik(ə)l/ adj. Anat. 【解】  1  of or relating to the neck 颈的  cervical vertebrae  颈椎骨 2  of or relating to the cervix 子宫颈的 [French cervical or modern Latin cervicalis, from Latin cervix-icis ‘neck’]

cervical screening n.  examination of a large number of apparently healthy women for cervical cancer 子宫颈癌筛查

cervical smear n. esp. Brit.  a specimen of cellular material from the neck of the womb spread on a microscope slide for examination for cancerous cells [尤英]子宫颈涂片(从子宫颈上取下的细胞抽样，涂在显微镜载物玻璃片上以查找癌细胞)

cervine /ˈsɜ:vain/ adj.  of or like a deer 鹿的，像鹿的 [Latin cervinus from cervus ‘deer’]

cervix /ˈsɜ:viks/ n. (pl. cervices /-si:z/) Anat. 【解】  1  the neck 颈 2  any necklike structure, esp. the neck of the womb 颈状物(尤指子宫颈) [Latin]

Cesarean (also 亦作 Cesarian) US Med. var.  of CAESAREAN [美]【医】 CAESAREAN 的变体

Cesarewitch /siˈzærəwitʃ/ n.  a horse race run annually at Newmarket, England (每年在英格兰的纽马克特举行的)长距离赛马 [Russian tsesarevich ‘heir to the throne’: named in honour of the Russian prince (later Alexander II) who attended the inaugural race (1839)]

cesium US var.  of CAESIUM [美] CAESIUM 的变体

cess1 /ses/ n. (also 亦作 sess) (in Scotland, Ireland, and India) a tax; a levy (苏格兰、爱尔兰和印度)税，捐；税款 [properly sess for obsolete noun assess: see ASSESS]

cess2 /ses/ n. Ir. [爱尔兰]   □ bad cess to   may evil befall 但愿…倒霉  bad cess to their clan  但愿他们家族倒霉 [perhaps from CESS1]

cessation /seˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a ceasing 停止，休止  cessation of the truce  停战结束 2  a pause 中止  resumed fighting after the cessation  休战后重新开战 [Middle English from Latin cessatio, from cessare CEASE]

cesser /ˈsesə/ n. Law  a coming to an end; a cessation (of a term, a liability, etc.) 【法律】(期限、责任等)终止；结束 [Anglo-French & Old French, = CEASE]

cession /ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the ceding or giving up (of rights, property, and esp. of territory by a state) (财产、权利等)转让，放弃；(尤指领土等)割让 2  the territory etc. so ceded 割让地；转让的财产 [Middle English via Old French cession or Latin cessio from cedere cess- ‘go away’]

cessionary /ˈseʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Law 【法律】  = ASSIGNn. 

cesspit /ˈsespit/ n.  1  a pit for the disposal of refuse 垃圾坑；粪坑 2  = CESSPOOL  [cess in CESSPOOL + PIT1]

cesspool /ˈsespu:l/ n.  1  an underground container for the temporary storage of liquid waste or sewage (临时)污水池；化粪池 2  a centre of corruption, depravity, etc. 污秽的场所；腐化堕落的场所 [perhaps alteration, influenced by POOL1, of earlier cesperalle, from suspiral ‘vent, water pipe, settling tank’, via Old French souspirail ‘air-hole’ from Latin suspirare ‘breathe, sigh’ (as SUB-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

cestode /ˈsestəʊd/ n. (also 亦作 cestoid /ˈsestɔid/)  a flatworm of the class Cestoda, which comprises tapeworms 绦虫(绦虫纲肠道寄生虫) [Latin cestus from Greek kestos ‘girdle’]

CET abbr.  Central European Time [缩略]欧洲中部时间

cetacean /siˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine mammal of the order Cetacea with streamlined hairless body and dorsal blowhole for breathing, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises 鲸目动物(身体为流线型的海洋哺乳动物，包括鲸、海豚及鼠海豚) ●adj.  of cetaceans 鲸目的，鲸目动物的 □ cetaceous  adj.   [modern Latin Cetacea via Latin cetus from Greek kētos ‘whale’]

cetane /ˈsi:tein/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in standardizing ratings of diesel fuel 【化】十六烷，鲸蜡烷(用于确定柴油燃料等级) [from spermacet i (from which it was derived) on the pattern of methane etc.]

cetane number n.  a measure of the ignition properties of diesel fuel 十六烷值(用于柴油燃料燃烧性能测定)

ceteris paribus /ˌkeitəris ˈpæribʊs, ˌset-, ˌsi:t-/ adv.  other things being equal 假如其余情况相同 [Latin]

Ceylon /siˈlɒn/ n.  锡兰 (Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡的旧称) [亚洲国家]

Ceylon moss /siˈlɒn/ n.  a red seaweed, Gracilaria lichenoides, of the Indian subcontinent, the main source of agar 红藻(一种江蓠属红色海藻，产于印度次大陆，是琼脂的主要原料) [Ceylon, a former name of Sri Lanka]

Ceylon satinwood  see 见 SATINWOOD 1a 

CF abbr. Brit.  Chaplain to the Forces [缩略] [英]随军牧师

Cf symb. Chem.  the element californium [符]【化】(化学元素)锎

c.f. abbr.  carried forward [缩略]转下页，过次页

cf. abbr.  compare [缩略]试比较，参见 [Latin confer, imperative of conferre ‘compare’]

CFC abbr. Chem.  chlorofluorocarbon, any of a class of usu. gaseous compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, used in refrigerants, aerosol propellants, etc., and harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine on exposure to solar ultraviolet [缩略]【化】含氯氟烃(由碳、氢、氯及氟构成的气体化合物，用于冷冻剂、火箭燃料等。由于暴露于太阳紫外线时会释放出氯气，故对大气臭氧层具有破坏作用)

CFE abbr. Brit.  College of Further Education [缩略] (英国)进修学院

cg abbr. [缩略]  centigram(s) 

CGS abbr. Brit.  Chief of General Staff [缩略] [英]总参谋长

cgs abbr. [缩略]  centimetre-gram-second 

CH abbr. (in the UK) Companion of Honour [缩略] (英国)荣誉勋爵士

ch. abbr. [缩略]  1  church  2  chapter  3  chestnut 

cha var.  of CHAR3  CHAR3 的变体

Chablis /ˈʃæbli:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-liz/)  a dry white burgundy wine 夏布利干白葡萄酒 [Chablis in E. France, where it is produced]

cha-cha /ˈtʃɑ:tʃɑ:/ n. & v. (also 亦作 cha-cha-cha /tʃɑ:tʃɑ:ˈtʃɑ:/) ●n.  1  a ballroom dance with a Latin American rhythm 恰恰舞(一种节奏明快的交际舞，源自拉丁美洲) 2  music for or in the rhythm of a cha-cha 恰恰舞音乐 ●v. intr. (cha-chas, cha-chaed /-tʃɑ:d/ or cha-cha'd, cha-chaing /-tʃɑ:(r)iŋ/)  dance the cha-cha 跳恰恰舞 [Latin American Spanish]

chaconne /ʃəˈkɒn/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a  a musical form consisting of variations on a ground bass (由基础低音演变而来的)恰空舞曲b  a musical composition in this style 恰空舞曲 2 hist.  a dance performed to this music [史义]恰空舞 [French, from Spanish chacona]

Chad   乍得

Chadian /tʃædiən/ adj. & n.  乍得的(人)

chador /ˈtʃɑ:dɔ:, ˈtʃɑ:də, ˈtʃʌdə/ n. (also 亦作 chadar, chuddar)  a large piece of cloth worn in some countries by Muslim women, wrapped around the body to leave only the face exposed (穆斯林妇女裹在身上的)方披巾，披风 [Urdu, from Persian čɑˉdar ‘sheet, veil’]

chaetognath /ˈki:tənæθ/ n.  any dart-shaped worm of the phylum Chaetognatha, usu. living among marine plankton, and having a head with external grasping spines Also called 亦称作 arrow worm 毛颚类动物(毛颚动物门蠕虫，体形似飞镖，生活于海洋浮游生物中间，头上有一些抓东西用的棘状突起) [modern Latin Chaetognatha, from Greek khaitē ‘long hair’ + gnathos ‘jaw’]

chafe /tʃeif/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become sore or damaged by rubbing 擦痛；擦伤；擦破 2 tr.  rub (esp. the skin to restore warmth or sensation) 搓，摩擦(皮肤以生热或恢复知觉) 3 tr. & intr.  make or become annoyed; fret 使烦躁；使生气  was chafed by the delay  因耽搁而烦躁 ●n.  1  a  an act of chafing 搓，擦；摩擦b  a sore resulting from this (因搓、擦而产生的)痛处 2  a state of annoyance 烦躁，生气 [Middle English from Old French chaufer ‘make hot’, ultimately from Latin calefacere from calēre ‘be hot’ + facere ‘make’]

chafer /ˈtʃeifə/ n.  any of various large slow-moving strong-flying beetles of the family Scarabaeidae, e.g. the cockchafer 金龟子(金龟子科甲虫，如金龟) [Old English ceafor, cefer, from Germanic]

chaff /tʃɑ:f, tʃæf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing 谷壳，糠 2  chopped hay and straw used as fodder (铡碎作饲料的)干草(或稻草)；草料 3  light-hearted joking; banter 逗弄；取笑 4  worthless things; rubbish 无价值的东西；废物 5  strips of metal foil released in the atmosphere to obstruct radar detection (用于干扰雷达的)金属箔片 ●v. tr.  1  tease; banter 逗弄，取笑 2  chop (straw etc.) 铡(稻草等) □ separate the wheat from the chaff   distinguish good from bad 分清好坏□ chaffy  adj.   [Old English ceaf, cœf, probably from Germanic: sense 3 of the noun & 1 of the verb perhaps from CHAFE]

chaff-cutter n.  a machine for chopping fodder 铡草机

chaffer /ˈtʃæfə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  haggle; bargain 争论；讨价还价，讲价钱 ●n.  bargaining; haggling 讨价还价，讲价钱；争论 □ chafferer  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘traffic, trade’, from Old English ceapfaru from ceap ‘bargain’ + faru ‘journey’]

chaffinch /ˈtʃæfin(t)ʃ/ n.  a common European finch, Fringilla coelebs, the male of which has a blue-grey head with pinkish cheeks and breast 苍头燕雀(一种普通的欧洲雀科鸣禽，雄雀头部为蓝灰色，面颊和胸部为粉红色) [Old English ceaffinc ‘chaff finch’: from its foraging around barns etc.]

chafing dish /ˈtʃeifiŋ/ n.  1  a cooking pot with an outer pan of hot water, used for keeping food warm (食物保温用的)暖锅，火锅 2  a dish with a spirit lamp etc. for cooking at table (餐桌上烹调用的)轻便炉 [obsolete sense of CHAFE = warm]

Chagas' disease /ˈtʃɑ:ɡəs/ n. (also 亦作 Chagas's disease)  a disease caused by trypanosomes transmitted by bloodsucking bugs, endemic in S. America and causing damage to the heart and central nervous system 查加斯氏病，南美洲锥虫病(以巴西内科医生查加斯的名字命名) [named after C. Chagas, Brazilian physician d. 1934, who first described it]

chagrin /ˈʃæɡrin/ n. & v. ●n.  acute vexation or mortification 烦恼，苦恼；屈辱；悔恨 ●v. tr.  affect with chagrin 使懊恼；使苦恼；使屈辱 [French chagrin(er), of uncertain origin]

chain /tʃein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a connected flexible series of esp. metal links as decoration or for a practical purpose (尤指装饰或有实际用途的金属)链子，链条b  something resembling this 类似链条的东西  formed a human chain  组成了一道人墙 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  fetters used to confine prisoners 锁链，镣铐b  any restraining force 枷锁；束缚 3  a sequence, series, or set 一系列，一连串，一套  chain of events  一连串的事件 mountain chain  山脉 4  a group of associated hotels, shops, etc. (相关的旅馆、商店等)联号，连锁店 5  a badge of office in the form of a chain worn round the neck (作为官职标识的)项圈  mayoral chain  市长项圈 6  a  a jointed measuring-line consisting of linked metal rods 测链b  its length (66 ft) 测链长度(等于 66 英尺) 7 Chem.  a group of (esp. carbon) atoms bonded in sequence in a molecule 【化】(分子中原子有序排列的)链 8  a figure in a quadrille or similar dance 方阵舞(或类似舞蹈中的)舞步 9 (in pl. 用复数) Naut.  channels (see 见 CHANNEL2) 【海】舷侧支索扣板，舷外桅支索承板 10 (also 亦作 chain-shot) hist.  two cannon balls or half balls joined by a chain and used in sea battles for bringing down a mast etc. [史义]链弹(古时海战用的一种炮弹，两个铁弹用短链连接在一起) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  secure or confine with a chain 用链条拴住；用链子束缚 2  confine or restrict (a person) 束缚；限制(某人)  is chained to the office  公务缠身 [Middle English via Old French cha(e)ine from Latin catena]

chain armour n.  = CHAIN MAIL 

chain bridge n.  a suspension bridge on chains 链索桥，链式悬桥

chain drive n.  a system of transmission by endless chains 链传动，链传动系统

chain gang n.  a team of convicts chained together and forced to work in the open air (用锁链拴在一起在户外劳动的)囚犯队

chain gear n.  a gear transmitting motion by means of an endless chain 链轮，链传动装置

chain letter n.  one of a sequence of letters, each recipient in the sequence being requested to send copies to a specific number of other people 连锁信(要求收信人看过信后复写一定的份数，再分寄给其他人，以此来不断持续扩大收信人范围)

chain link adj.  made of wire in a diamond-shaped mesh 用钢丝编成网眼状的  chain link fencing  钢丝网眼栅栏

chain mail n.  armour made of interlaced rings 锁子甲

chain reaction n.  1 Physics  a self-sustaining nuclear reaction, esp. one in which a neutron from a fission reaction initiates a series of these reactions 【物理学】链式(核)反应 2 Chem.  a self-sustaining molecular reaction in which intermediate products initiate further reactions 【化】连锁反应 3  a series of events, each caused by the previous one 连锁反应的(一系列)事件

chainsaw /ˈtʃeinsɔ:/ n.  a motor-driven saw with teeth on an endless chain 链锯

chain-smoker n.  a person who smokes continually, esp. one who lights a cigarette etc. from the stub of the last one smoked 烟卷不离口者，一支接一支吸烟者 □ chain-smoke  v. tr. & intr.  接连不断地吸，一支接一支地吸

chain stitch n.  an ornamental embroidery or crochet stitch resembling chains (装饰性刺绣或钩针编织)链状线圈，绞花组织

chain store n.  one of a series of shops owned by one firm and selling the same sort of goods 连锁商店，联号商店(同一公司下属的一系列销售同类商品的商店)

chain-wale n.  = CHANNEL2 

chain wheel n.  a wheel transmitting power by a chain fitted to its edges 链轮(如自行车链轮)

chair /tʃɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a separate seat for one person, of various forms, usu. having a back and four legs 椅子 2  a  a professorship 教授职位  offered the chair in physics  被聘为物理学教授b  a seat of authority, esp. on a board of directors 显要职位(尤指董事长职位)c Brit.  a mayoralty [英]市长职位 3  a  a chairperson (会议)主持人，主席b  the seat or office of a chairperson 主席席位(或职位)  will you take the chair?  请你在主席台就座 I'm in the chair  开会时我当主席 4 US [美]  = ELECTRIC CHAIR  5 esp. Brit.  an iron or steel socket holding a railway rail in place [尤英] (铁路)轨座 6 hist. [史义]  = sedan chair (see 见 SEDAN 1)  ●v. tr.  1  act as chairperson of or preside over (a meeting) 担任(会议)主席 2 Brit.  carry (a person) aloft in a chair or in a sitting position, in triumph [英] (用椅子)把(获胜者)高高举起 3  install in a chair, esp. as a position of authority 使就任要职 □ take a chair   sit down 坐下 [Middle English via Anglo-French chaere, Old French chaiere from Latin cathedra, from Greek kathedra ‘seat’]

chair-bed n.  a chair that unfolds into a bed 坐卧两用的折椅

chair-borne adj. colloq. (of an administrator) not active [口] (指行政官员)不搞实际工作而坐办公室的

chair-car n.  a railway carriage with chairs instead of long seats 有座椅的铁路客车

chairlady /ˈtʃɛəleidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  = CHAIRWOMAN(see 见 CHAIRMAN) 

chairlift /ˈtʃɛəlift/ n.  a series of chairs on an endless cable for carrying passengers up and down a mountain etc. (运送乘客上下山等的)架空吊椅，升降椅，缆车

chairman /ˈtʃɛəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. also 阴性亦作 chairwoman, pl. -women)  1  a person chosen to preside over a meeting 会议主席，会议主持人 2  a  the permanent president of a committee, a board of directors, Brit. a firm, etc. (委员会等的)委员长，会长；(董事会的)董事长；[英] (商号)经理b (作 Chairman) (since 1949) the leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party (自 1949 年以来中国共产党的)主席 3  the master of ceremonies at an entertainment etc. (娱乐活动仪式的)司仪 4 hist.  either of two sedan-bearers [史义]轿夫 □ chairmanship  n.  

chairperson /ˈtʃɛəpɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a chairman or chairwoman (used as a neutral alternative) 主席；议长；委员长；董事长；会长(不分男女的一个中性词)

chaise /ʃeiz/ n.  1 esp. hist.  a horse-drawn carriage for one or two persons, esp. one with an open top and two wheels [尤史义] (供一人或两人乘坐的)马车；(尤指)双轮敞篷马车 2  = POST-CHAISE  3 US [美]  = CHAISE LONGUE  [French, variant of chaire: see CHAIR]

chaise longue /ʃeiz ˈlɒŋɡ/ n. (pl. chaise longues or chaises longues pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a sofa with a backrest at only one end (仅一端有靠背的)沙发 2  a chair with a lengthened seat for reclining on; a sunbed 躺椅，睡椅；(日光浴)浴床 [French, literally ‘long chair’]

chaise lounge /ʃeiz ˈlaʊndʒ/ n. US [美]  = CHAISE LONGUE  [lounge corruption of longue]

chakra /ˈtʃʌkrə/ n.  each of the centres of spiritual power in the human body, recognized in yoga (印度瑜伽用语)人体精神力量的中心 [Sanskrit cakra (cognate with WHEEL n.)]

chalaza /kəˈleizə/ n. (pl. chalazae /-zi:/)  each of two twisted membranous strips joining the yolk to the ends of an egg 卵黄系带，卵带 [modern Latin from Greek, = small knot, hailstone]

chalcedony /kælˈsedəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a type of quartz occurring in several different forms, e.g. onyx, agate, tiger's eye, etc. 玉髓(一种以不同形式出现的石英，如缟玛瑙、玛瑙、虎眼石等) □ chalcedonic  /kælsiˈdɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin c(h)alcedonius from Greek khalkēdōn]

chalcolithic /kælkəˈliθik/ adj. Archaeol.  of a prehistoric period in which both stone and copper implements were used 【考古】红铜时代的，铜石并用时代的 [Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + lithos ‘stone’]

chalcopyrite /kælkəˈpairait/ n.  a yellow mineral, a double sulphide of copper and iron, which is the principal ore of copper Also called 亦称作 copper pyrites 黄铜矿 [Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + PYRITE]

Chaldean /kælˈdi:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of ancient Chaldea or Babylonia 迦勒底人(古代迦勒底或古巴比伦居民)b  the language of the Chaldeans 迦勒底语 2  an astrologer 占星者；术士 3  a member of a Syrian Uniate (formerly Nestorian) Church in Iran etc. (伊朗等国的)叙利亚东仪天主教会(前景教)信徒 ●adj.  1  of or relating to ancient Chaldea or its people or language 古迦勒底的；迦勒底人的；迦勒底语的 2  of or relating to astrology 占星术的；巫术的 3  of or relating to the East Syrian Uniat Church 叙利亚东仪天主教会的 [Latin Chaldaeus via Greek Khaldaios from Assyrian Kaldu]

Chaldee /kælˈdi:, ˈkældi:/ n.  1  the language of the Chaldeans 迦勒底语 2  a native of ancient Chaldea 迦勒底人 3  the Aramaic language as used in Old Testament books (《圣经·旧约》所使用的)阿拉米语 [Middle English, representing Latin Chaldaei (pl.) (as CHALDEAN)]

chalet /ˈʃælei/ n.  1  a small suburban house or bungalow, esp. with an overhanging roof (尤指有悬挑屋顶的)郊区农舍，小平房 2  a small, usu. wooden, hut or house on a beach or in a holiday camp (海滩或休假地的)小木屋 3  a Swiss cowherd's hut, or wooden cottage, with overhanging eaves (瑞士带悬挑屋檐的)牧人小屋，小木屋 [Swiss French, ultimately from Latin casa ‘hut, cottage’]

chalice /ˈtʃælis/ n.  1 literary  a goblet [文学用语] (高脚)酒杯 2  a wine cup used in the Communion service 圣餐杯 [Middle English via Old French from Latin calix-icis ‘cup’]

chalk /tʃɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a white soft earthy limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures 白垩 2  a  a similar substance (calcium sulphate), sometimes coloured, used for writing or drawing 粉笔b  a piece of this 一枝粉笔  a box of chalks  一盒粉笔 3  a series of strata consisting mainly of chalk 白垩层(由白垩构成的地层) 4  = FRENCH CHALK  ●v. tr.  1  rub, mark, draw, or write with chalk 用白垩粉擦(标记、画、写等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  a  write or record with chalk 用粉笔书写(或记录)b  register (a success etc.) 登记(分数等)c Brit.  charge (to an account) [英]记在(账)上 □ as different as chalk and (or from) cheese  Brit.  fundamentally different [英]截然不同，本质上完全不同□ by a long chalk  Brit.  by far (from the use of chalk to mark the score in games) [英]远远地，在很大程度上(由用粉笔记录比赛成绩的做法演变而来)□ chalk and talk  Brit.  traditional teaching (employing blackboard and chalk in a presentation to a class) [英]传统教学法(指使用黑板和粉笔授课的方法)□ chalk out   sketch or plan a thing to be accomplished 画草图；规划 [Old English cealc, ultimately (via West Germanic) from Latin CALX]

chalkboard /ˈtʃɔ:kbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BLACKBOARD 

chalk pit n. Brit.  a quarry in which chalk is dug [英]白垩矿场

chalk-stone n.  a concretion of urates like chalk in tissues and joints esp. of hands and feet (尤指手脚组织和关节里的)痛风石

chalk-stripe n.  a pattern of thin white stripes on a dark background 白垩条纹(深色底色上的细白条花纹) □ chalk-striped  adj.  

chalky /ˈtʃɔ:ki/ adj. (chalkier, chalkiest)  1  a  abounding in chalk 充满白垩的b  white as chalk 白垩般洁白的 2  like or containing chalk-stones 似白垩的；含白垩的 □ chalkiness  n.  

challah /ˈhɑ:lə, xɑ:ˈlɑ:/ n. (pl. challahs or chalot(h) /xɑ:ˈlɒt/)  a usu. plaited loaf of white leavened bread, traditionally baked to celebrate the Jewish sabbath (犹太教徒安息日吃的)白面包 [Hebrew halah, perhaps from hll ‘to pierce’ or Akkadian ellu ‘pure’]

challenge /ˈtʃælin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a summons to take part in a contest or a trial of strength etc., esp. to a duel 挑战，邀请比赛(尤指要求格斗)b  a summons to prove or justify something 怀疑；质疑，质问 2  a demanding or difficult task 需要技能的任务，艰巨的任务  rose to the challenge of the new job  勇敢地挑起新工作的艰巨任务 3 Law  an objection made to a jury member 【法律】(对某陪审员出庭表示的)反对 4  a call to respond, esp. a sentry's call for a password etc. (尤指哨兵)查问口令，查问身份 5  an invitation to a sporting contest, esp. one issued to a reigning champion 邀请参加体育比赛(尤指对卫冕冠军的挑战) 6 Med.  a test of immunity after immunization treatment 【医】免疫试验(指注射抗原以激发免疫能力) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  invite to take part in a contest, game, debate, duel, etc. 向…挑战(指要求竞赛、辩论、格斗等)b  invite to prove or justify something 要求证实…，对…怀疑，对…质疑 2  dispute, deny 辩驳，否认  I challenge that remark  我对那个评论提出辩驳 3  a  stretch, stimulate 激发，激励，鞭策  challenges him to produce his best  激励他做出最好的工作b (as 作 challenging adj.)  demanding; stimulatingly difficult 具挑战性的，具激励性困难的 4 (of a sentry) call to respond (哨兵)查问口令，查问身份 5  claim (attention, etc.) 引起，要求(注意等) 6 Law  object to (a jury member, evidence, etc.) 【法律】反对(某陪审员出庭)；怀疑(某证据) 7 Med.  test by a challenge 【医】(用带病微生物)进行免疫试验 □ challengeable  /-dʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ challenger  n.  □ challengingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French c(h)alenge, c(h)alenger from Latin calumnia calumniari ‘calumny’]

challenged /ˈtʃælindʒd/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) euphem. or joc.  lacking a physical or mental attribute [婉] [诙]缺少体力(或智力)特性的  vertically challenged  个子不高的 intellectually challenged  智力差的

challis /ˈʃælis, ˈʃæli/ n.  a lightweight soft clothing fabric 印花薄织物 [perhaps from a surname]

chalybeate /kəˈlibiət/ adj. (of mineral water etc.) impregnated with iron salts (矿泉水等)含铁盐的 [modern Latin chalybeatus via Latin chalybs from Greek khalups-ubos ‘steel’]

chamaephyte /ˈkæmifait/ n.  a plant whose buds are on or near the ground 地上芽植物 [Greek khamai ‘on the ground’ + -PHYTE]

chamber /ˈtʃeimbə/ n.  1  a  a hall used by a legislative or judicial body (立法或司法机关的)会议厅b  the body that meets in it (在会议厅开会的)立法机构；司法机构c  any of the houses of a parliament (国会的)上(下)议院  Chamber of Deputies  下议院 second chamber  上议院 2 (in pl. 用复数) Law 【法律】  a Brit.  rooms used by a barrister or group of barristers, esp. in the Inns of Court [英]律师事务所(尤指在伦敦的四所律师学院中租用的事务所)b  a judge's room used for official proceedings not required to be held in open court 法官专用室；法官办公室(用于处理不必在法庭上审理的案件) 3 poet. or archaic  a room, esp. a bedroom [诗] [古义]室(尤指卧室) 4  a large underground cavity; a cave 地下大洞穴；山洞 5 (作 attrib.) Mus.  of or for a small group of instruments 【音】室内乐的，小乐队的  chamber orchestra  小型管弦乐队 chamber music  室内乐 6  an enclosed space in machinery etc. (esp. the part of a gun bore that contains the charge) (机器内的)封闭空腔；(尤指枪炮的)弹膛 7  a  a cavity in a plant or in the body of an animal (动植物体内的)腔，室b  a compartment in a structure (建筑内的)分隔间 8  = CHAMBER POT  [Middle English via Old French chambre from Latin CAMERA]

chambered /ˈtʃeimbəd/ adj. (of a tomb) containing a burial chamber (坟墓)有棺椁的

chamberlain /ˈtʃeimbəlin/ n.  1  an officer managing the household of a sovereign or a great noble (国王的)内侍；(贵族的)管家 2 Brit.  the treasurer of a corporation etc. [英] (公司等的)财务总管 □ chamberlainship  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘servant in a bedchamber’, via Old French chamberlain etc. and Frankish from Latin camera CAMERA]

chambermaid /ˈtʃeimbəmeid/ n.  1  a housemaid at a hotel etc. (旅馆中整理房间的)女服务员 2 N. Amer.  a housemaid [北美]家庭女仆

Chamber of Commerce n.  an association to promote local commercial interests 商会

Chamber of Deputies n.  the lower legislative assembly in some parliaments (某些国家议会的)下议院

Chamber of Horrors n.  a place full of horrors (originally a room of criminals etc. in Madame Tussaud's waxworks) 令人毛骨悚然的场所(源自图索德夫人蜡像馆中的罪犯塑像室)

chamber pot n.  a receptacle for urine etc., used in a bedroom (放置于卧室里的)尿盆，夜壶

Chambertin /ˈʃɒ˜bətã/ n.  a high-quality dry red burgundy wine 香贝坦红葡萄酒(一种优质勃艮第红酒) [Gevrey Chambertin region in E. France, where it is produced]

chambray /ˈʃæmbrei/ n.  a linen-finished gingham cloth with a white weft and a coloured warp 钱布雷布，钱布雷绸(一种色经白纬的平纹布) [formed irregularly from Cambrai: see CAMBRIC]

chambré /ˈʃɒmbrei/ adj. (of red wine) brought to room temperature (指红葡萄酒)调至室温的 [French, past part. of chambrer, from chambre ‘room’: see CHAMBER]

chameleon /kəˈmi:liən/ n.  1  any of a family of small lizards having grasping tails, long tongues, protruding eyes, and the power of changing colour 变色蜥蜴，变色龙 2  a variable or inconstant person (感情)多变的人，反复无常的人 □ chameleonic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek khamaileōn, from khamai ‘on the ground’ + leōn ‘lion’]

chamfer /ˈtʃæmfə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  bevel symmetrically (a right-angled edge or corner) 将…切成斜面；将…削角 ●n.  a bevelled surface at an edge or corner 斜面，削角 [back-formation from chamfering, from French chamfrain, from chant ‘edge’ (see CANT2) + fraint ‘broken’ via Old French fraindre ‘break’ from Latin frangere]

chamois n.  1 /ˈʃæmwɑ:/ (pl. same 单复同 /-wɑ:z/)  an agile goat-antelope, Rupicapra rupicapra, native to the mountains of Europe and Asia 岩羚羊(一种行动非常敏捷的岩羚羊属动物，产于欧洲和亚洲山区) 2 /ˈʃæmi, ˈʃæmwɑ:/ (pl. same 单复同 /-miz, -wɑ:z/) (in full 全称 chamois leather)  a  soft pliable leather from sheep, goats, deer, etc. (柔软的)羚羊皮(或山羊皮、鹿皮等)b  a piece of this for polishing etc. (擦拭用的)软皮 [French: perhaps ultimately from Swiss Proto-Romance]

chamomile var.  of CAMOMILE  CAMOMILE 的变体

champ1 /tʃæmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  munch or chew noisily 用力咀嚼；大声地咀嚼 2 tr. (of a horse etc.) work (the bit) noisily between the teeth (指马等)格格地咬(马嚼子) 3 intr.  fret with impatience 不耐烦，焦急  is champing to be away  迫不及待地想要离开 ●n.  a chewing noise or motion 咀嚼，咀嚼声 □ champ at the bit   be restlessly impatient 迫不及待地，烦燥不安地 [probably imitative]

champ2 /tʃæmp/ n. colloq.  a champion [口]冠军 [abbreviation]

champagne /ʃæmˈpein/ n.  1  a  a white sparkling wine from Champagne (产于法国香槟地区的)香槟酒b (loosely) a similar wine from elsewhere (泛指其他地区产的)香槟酒 2  a pale cream or straw colour 香槟酒色，淡橙黄色 [Champagne, former province in E. France, where it is produced]■Usage 用法说明 The use of champagne in sense 1b is, strictly speaking, incorrect. 严格地说， champagne 释义 1b 的用法是不正确的。 

champaign /ˈtʃæmpein/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  open country 原野 2  an expanse of open country 平原 [Middle English via Old French champagne from Late Latin campania: cf. CAMPAIGN]

champers /ˈʃæmpəz/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  champagne [尤英口]香槟酒

champerty /ˈtʃæmpɜ:ti/ n. (pl. -ies) Law  an illegal agreement in which a person not naturally interested in a lawsuit finances it with a view to sharing the disputed property 【法律】包揽诉讼(一种非法的协议，指出钱或出力帮他人诉讼，以便胜诉后分享有争议的财产) □ champertous  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French champartie from Old French champart ‘feudal lord's share of produce’, from Latin campus ‘field’ + pars ‘part’]

champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n., v., adj. & adv. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person (esp. in a sport or game), an animal, plant, etc., that has defeated or surpassed all rivals in a competition etc. (尤指体育比赛的)冠军；(动植物比赛的)第一名 2  a  a person who fights or argues for a cause or on behalf of another person 斗士；捍卫者；拥护者b hist.  a knight etc. who fought in single combat on behalf of a king etc. [史义] (为国王等作战的)战士，武士，勇士 ●v. tr.  support the cause of, defend, argue in favour of 捍卫，拥护，支持 ●adj. Brit. colloq. or dial.  first-class, splendid [英口] [方]第一流的，极好的 ●adv. Brit. colloq. or dial.  splendidly, well [英口] [方]极好地，出众地 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin campio -onis ‘fighter’, from Latin campus ‘field, military exercise ground’]

Champion of England n. (in the UK) a hereditary official at coronations (英国参加加冕典礼的)世袭官员

championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃip/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a contest for the position of champion in a sport etc. (运动等的)锦标赛 2  the position of champion over all rivals 冠军称号，冠军身份 3  the advocacy or defence (of a cause etc.) 捍卫，拥护，支持(事业等)

champlevé /ˈʃæmpləvei, 法 ʃɑ˜ləve/ n. & adj. ●n.  a type of enamelwork in which hollows made in a metal surface are filled with coloured enamels 镶嵌珐琅制品 ●adj.  of or relating to champlevé (cf. 参见 CLOISONNÉ) 镶嵌珐琅的，珐琅制品的 [French, = raised field]

chance /tʃɑ:ns/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a possibility 可能性  just a chance we will catch the train  我们有可能赶上火车b (often in pl. 常作复数)  probability 或然性，很可能发生的情况  the chances are against it  形势对它不利 2  a risk 冒险  have to take a chance  只得冒险 3  a  an accidental occurrence 偶然的事  just a chance that they met  他们相遇纯属偶然b  the absence of design or discoverable cause 意想不到的事，无缘无故的事  here merely because of chance  只不过是碰巧来到了这里 4  an opportunity 机会，机遇  didn't have a chance to speak to him  没有机会和他交谈 5  the way things happen; fortune; luck 运气；幸运  we'll just leave it to chance  我们还是听天由命吧 6 (often 常作 Chance)  the course of events regarded as a power; fate 机缘；命运  blind Chance rules the universe  机缘主宰宇宙 ●adj.  fortuitous, accidental 偶然的，碰巧的  a chance meeting  邂逅 ●v.  1 tr. colloq.  risk [口]冒险  we'll chance it and go  我们将冒险去那里 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, or 或 to + infin.)  happen without intention 偶然发生，碰巧发生  it chanced that I found it  我碰巧找到了它 I chanced to find it  我碰巧找到了它 □ by any chance   as it happens; perhaps 万一，或许□ by chance   without design; unintentionally 偶然，意外地，非有意地□ chance one's arm  Brit. colloq.  make an attempt though unlikely to succeed [英口]冒险一试□ chance on (or upon)   happen to find, meet, etc. 偶然发现，碰巧遇到□ on the chance  (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  in view of the possibility 怀着…的希望□ stand a chance  (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定或疑问词连用)  have a prospect of success etc. 大有(成功)的希望，很有(成功)的可能□ take a chance (or chances)   behave riskily; risk failure 冒险，投机；冒失败的危险□ take a (or one's) chance on (or with)   consent to take the consequences of; trust to luck 碰运气，听天由命 [Middle English from Anglo-French ch(e)aunce, Old French chëance, chëoir ‘fall’, ultimately from Latin cadere]

chancel /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)l/ n.  the part of a church near the altar, reserved for the clergy, the choir, etc., usu. enclosed by a screen or separated from the nave by steps (教堂内靠近祭坛，通常用屏风隔开专供牧师和唱诗班用的)圣坛 [Middle English via Old French from Latin cancelli ‘lattice’]

chancellery /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)l(ə)ri, -sləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the position, office, staff, department, etc., of a chancellor 大臣的职位(部门、办公处或全体人员)b  the official residence of a chancellor 大臣官邸 2 US  an office attached to an embassy or consulate [美] (大使馆或领事馆的)办事处 [Middle English from Old French chancellerie (as CHANCELLOR)]

chancellor /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)lə/ n.  1  a state or legal official of various kinds 大臣；大法官 2 (Chancellor)  a  the head of the government in some European countries, e.g. Germany (德国等欧洲国家的)总理，首相b  = CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER  3 esp. Brit.  the non-resident honorary head of a university [尤英] (不住在校内的)大学名誉校长 4  a bishop's law officer (帮主教负责法律事务的)副主教 5 US  the president of a chancery court [美] (衡平法院的)首席法官 6  an officer of an order of knighthood who seals commissions etc. 国王的秘书，(负责在委任状上盖印的)勋位大臣  Chancellor of the Garter  嘉德勋位大臣 □ chancellorship  n.   [Old English via Anglo-French c(h)anceler, Old French -ier from Late Latin cancellarius ‘porter, secretary’ (originally a court official at the grating separating public from judges), from cancelli ‘lattice’]

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster n. (in the UK) a member of the government legally representing the Crown as Duke of Lancaster, often a Cabinet minister employed on non-departmental work (英国)兰开斯特公爵郡大臣

Chancellor of the Exchequer n.  the finance minister of the United Kingdom (英国)财政大臣

chance-medley /tʃɑ:nsˈmedli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 Law  a fight, esp. homicidal, beginning unintentionally 【法律】突发的斗殴行为(尤指意外杀人) 2  inadvertency 漫不经心的行为，粗心大意的行为 [Anglo-French chance medlee (see MEDDLE) ‘mixed chance’]

chancery /ˈtʃɑ:ns(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (作 Chancery) Law  the Lord Chancellor's court, a division of the High Court of Justice 【法律】(高等法院的)大法官法庭 2 hist.  the records office of an order of knighthood [史义] (骑士团的)档案馆，档案室 3 hist.  the court of a bishop's chancellor [史义]主教法官法庭 4  an office attached to an embassy or consulate (大使馆或领事馆的)办事处 5  a public record office 公共档案馆 6 US  a court of equity [美]衡平法院 □ in chancery  slang (of a boxer or wrestler) with his or her head held, contrary to the rules, between the opponent's arm and body and unable to avoid blows [俚语] (拳击手或摔跤手)夹头 [Middle English, contracted from CHANCELLERY]

chancre /ˈʃæŋkə/ n.  a painless ulcer developing in venereal disease etc. 下疳，初疮 [French, from Latin CANCER]

chancroid /ˈʃæŋkrɔid/ n.  ulceration of lymph nodes in the groin, from venereal disease 软下疳

chancy /ˈtʃɑ:nsi/ adj. (chancier, chanciest)  subject to chance; uncertain; risky 偶然发生的；不确定的；冒险的 □ chancily  adv.  □ chanciness  n.  

chandelier /ʃændəˈliə/ n.  an ornamental branched hanging support for several candles or electric light bulbs 枝形吊灯 [French, from chandelle CANDLE]

chandler /ˈtʃɑ:ndlə/ n.  a dealer in candles, oil, soap, paint, groceries, etc. 蜡烛商(经营蜡烛、油料、肥皂、油漆和杂货等) [Middle English from Anglo-French chaundeler, Old French chandelier ‘candle-maker or -seller’, from chandelle CANDLE]

chandlery /ˈtʃɑ:ndləri/ n.  goods sold by a chandler 蜡烛商品，杂货

change /tʃein(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of making or becoming different 变化，转变b  an alteration or modification 变更，改变  the change in her expression  她措词的改变 2  a  money given in exchange for money in larger units or a different currency (兑现大面额货币或外币的)小额货币，辅币b  money returned as the balance of that given in payment 找头，零钱c  = SMALL CHANGE  3  a new experience; variety 变换，调换  fancied a change  想要变化一下 for a change  为了有变化 4  a  the substitution of one thing for another; an exchange 替换物；交换物  change of scene  环境的改变b  a set of clothes etc. put on in place of another (替换的)一套衣服 5 (in full 全称 change of life) colloq.  the menopause [口]绝经(期)，更年期 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of the different orders in which a peal of bells can be rung 钟乐 7 (作 Change) hist.  a place where merchants etc. met to do business [史义]交易所 8 (of the moon) arrival at a fresh phase, esp. at the new moon (月亮)转换月相(尤指换到新月) ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  undergo, show, or subject to change; make or become different (使)改变，(使)变化，(使)变更  the wig changed his appearance  假发改变了他的外表 changed from an introvert into an extrovert  从性格内向变成性格外向的人 2 tr.  a  take or use another instead of; go from one to another 更换，改换  change one's socks  换袜子 changed his doctor  换医生 changed trains  换乘火车b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  give up or get rid of in exchange 交换；换取  changed the car for a van  用小汽车换了一辆面包车 3 tr.  a  give or get change in smaller denominations for 兑换(小面额零钱)  can you change a ten-pound note?  你能兑换十英镑零票吗？b (foll. by 后跟 for)  exchange (a sum of money) for 兑换  changed his dollars for pounds  把他的美元兑换成英镑 4 tr. & intr.  put fresh clothes or coverings on 更换(衣服等)  changed the baby as he was wet  因那婴儿尿床而给他换尿布 changed into something loose  换上宽大的衣服 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  give and receive, exchange 交换；互换  changed places with him  和他交换位置 we changed places  我们交换了位置 6 intr.  change trains etc. 换乘(火车等)  changed at Crewe  在克鲁换车 7 intr. (of the moon) arrive at a fresh phase, esp. become new (月亮)转换月相 □ change colour   blanch or flush (脸色)变苍白；脸红□ change down  Brit.  engage a lower gear in a vehicle [英]将车速调低一档，放慢车速□ change gear   engage a different gear in a vehicle (车辆)换档□ change hands   1  pass to a different owner 转手，易手 2  substitute one hand for the other when performing an action etc. (做事情时)换手□ change one's mind   adopt a different opinion or plan 改变主意；改变计划□ change of air   a different climate; variety 不同的气候；改变了的环境□ change over   change from one system or situation to another 改变制度(或情况)□ change step   alter one's step so that the opposite leg is the one that marks time when marching etc. (行军时)换步□ change the subject   begin talking of something different, esp. to avoid embarrassment 改变话题，(为避免尴尬而)开始谈其他事情□ change one's tune   1  voice a different opinion from that expressed previously 改变观点，变卦 2  change one's style of language or manner, esp. from an insolent to a respectful tone 转变举止(或态度) (尤指从傲慢到恭敬的变化)□ change up  Brit.  engage a higher gear in a vehicle [英]把车速调高一档，加快车速□ get no change out of  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  fail to get information from 没能探听到消息 2  fail to get the better of (in business etc.) (商业竞争中)没能战胜对手□ ring the changes (on)   vary the ways of expressing, arranging, or doing something 改变说法(或做法)；打破常规□ changeful  adj.  □ changer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French chaunge, Old French change, changer from Late Latin cambiare, Latin cambire ‘barter’, probably of Celtic origin]

changeable /ˈtʃein(d)ʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  irregular, inconstant 无规律的，易变的，不定的 2  that can change or be changed 可改变的；可被改变的 □ changeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ changeableness  n.  □ changeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, formed as CHANGE]

changeless /ˈtʃein(d)ʒlis/ adj.  unchanging 不变的，无变化的 □ changelessly  adv.  □ changelessness  n.  

changeling /ˈtʃein(d)ʒliŋ/ n.  a child believed to have been substituted for another by stealth, esp. by fairies 被偷换后留下的儿童(尤指民间故事中被仙女偷换后留下的又丑又怪的孩子)

change of heart n.  a conversion to a different view 改变主意，转变观点

change of life  see 见 CHANGE n. 5 

changeover /ˈtʃein(d)ʒəʊvə/ n.  a change from one system or situation to another 制度(或情况)的转变

change-ringing n.  the ringing of a set of bells in a constantly varying order 编钟演奏技艺 □ change-ringer  n.  

Chang Jiang n.  长江

channel1 /ˈtʃæn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas, esp. seas (尤指连接两个海域的)海峡b (作 the Channel)  the English Channel between Britain and France 英吉利海峡 2  a medium of communication; an agency for conveying information 交际手段，联结途径  through the usual channels  通过正常的途径 3 Broadcasting 【广播】  a  a band of frequencies used in radio and television transmission, esp. as used by a particular station (尤指某电台使用的)频道，波道b  a service or station using this (使用某个频道的)电台，电视台 4  the course in which anything moves; a direction 路线，方向 5  a  a natural or artificial hollow bed of water 河床，河槽b  the navigable part of a waterway 航道 6  a tubular passage for liquid (液体通过的)管道，水道 7 Electronics  a lengthwise strip on recording tape etc. 【电子学】(录音带等的)信道 8  a groove or a flute, esp. in a column (尤指柱子上的)凹槽 ●v. tr. (channelled, channelling; US [美] channeled, channeling)  1  guide, direct 引导，指引  channelled them through customs  引领他们通过海关 2  form channels in; groove 在…上开挖渠道；在…上开槽 [Middle English via Old French chanel from Latin canalis CANAL]

channel2 /ˈtʃæn(ə)l/ n. Naut.  any of the broad thick planks projecting horizontally from a ship's side abreast of the masts, used to widen the basis for the shrouds 【海】舷外桅支索承板，桅侧支索牵条 [for chain-wale: cf. gunnel for gunwale]

channelize /ˈtʃæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convey in, or as if in, a channel; guide 为…开辟途径；引导

chanson /ˈʃɒ˜sɒ˜, 法 ʃɑ˜sɔ˜/ n.  a French song 法国歌曲 [French]

chanson de geste /ˌʃɒ˜sɒ˜ də ˈʒɛst, 法 ʃɑ˜sɔ˜ də ʒest/ n. (pl. chansons de geste pronunc. same 单复发音同)  any of a group of medieval French epic poems 法国中世纪史诗 [French, = song of heroic deeds]

chant /tʃɑ:nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a spoken sing-song phrase, esp. one performed in unison by a crowd etc. 歌，曲子(尤指齐唱歌曲)b  a repetitious sing-song way of speaking 反复吟诵般的说话 2 Mus. 【音】  a  a short musical passage in two or more phrases used for singing unmetrical words, e.g. psalms, canticles (用于不讲究格律歌词如圣歌、赞美诗的)乐曲片段b  the psalm or canticle so sung 圣歌，赞美诗c  a song, esp. monotonous or repetitive (尤指单调或重复吟唱的)歌曲 3  a musical recitation, esp. of poetry 吟诵(尤诗歌) ●v. tr. & intr.  1  talk or repeat monotonously 单调地说(或重复)  a crowd chanting slogans  重复口号的人群 2  sing or intone (a psalm etc.) 唱歌；吟咏(圣歌等) [Middle English (originally as verb) via Old French chanter ‘sing’ from Latin cantare, frequentative of canere cant- ‘sing’]

chanter /ˈtʃɑ:ntə/ n. Mus.  the melody-pipe, with finger-holes, of a bagpipe 【音】(风笛的)调旋律管

chanterelle /ˈtʃɑ:ntərel, tʃɑ:ntəˈrel/ n.  an edible fungus, Cantharellus cibarius, with a yellow funnel-shaped cap and a smell of apricots 鸡油菌(一种可食用的鸡油菌属真菌，菌帽为漏斗状，有杏的味道) [French via modern Latin cantharellus, diminutive of cantharus, from Greek kantharos, a kind of drinking vessel]

chanteuse /ʃɑ:nˈtɜ:z/ n.  a female singer of popular songs 女流行歌手 [French]

chanticleer /ˈtʃɑ:ntikliə/ n. literary  a name given to a domestic cock, esp. in fairy tales etc. [文学用语]雄鸡(尤见神话故事) [Middle English from Old French chantecler (as CHANT, CLEAR), a name in the fable Reynard the Fox]

Chantilly /ʃænˈtili/ n.  1  a delicate kind of bobbin lace 尚蒂伊细花花边 2  sweetened or flavoured whipped cream 甜味(或调味)掼奶油 [named after Chantilly, a town near Paris]

chantry /ˈtʃɑ:ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an endowment for a priest or priests to celebrate masses for the founder's soul (为某人作追思弥撒的)捐款 2  the priests, chapel, altar, etc., endowed for this purpose (为某人作弥撒所捐献的)教堂；祭坛 [Middle English from Anglo-French chaunterie, Old French chanterie from chanter CHANT]

chanty var.  of SHANTY2  SHANTY2 的变体

Chanukkah var.  of HANUKKAH  HANUKKAH 的变体

chaos /ˈkeiɒs/ n.  1  a  utter confusion 混乱，杂乱无章b Sci.  behaviour so unpredictable as to appear random, owing to great sensitivity to small changes in conditions 【科】紊乱 2  the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe 混沌(传说中宇宙形成以前模糊一团的景象) □ chaotic  /keiˈɒtik/ adj.  □ chaotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [French or Latin from Greek khaos:-otic on the pattern of erotic etc.]

chaos theory n.  the mathematical study of complex systems whose behaviour is highly sensitive to slight changes in conditions, so that small alterations can give rise to strikingly great consequences 紊乱理论(关于微小变化会产生明显后果的数学研究)

chap1 /tʃæp/ v. & n. ●v. (chapped, chapping)  1 intr. (esp. of the skin; also of dry ground etc.) crack in fissures, esp. because of exposure and dryness (尤指皮肤)皲裂；(干燥地面)龟裂 2 tr. (of the wind, cold, etc.) cause to chap (指风、寒冷等)使皲裂；使龟裂 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a crack in the skin 皮肤皲裂 2  an open seam in the ground 地表龟裂，地缝 [Middle English, perhaps related to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch kappen ‘chop off’]

chap2 /tʃæp/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a man; a boy; a fellow [尤英口]男人；小伙子；家伙 [abbreviation of CHAPMAN]

chap3 /tʃæp/ n.  the lower jaw or half of the cheek, esp. of a pig as food 颌，口颊部；(尤指作为食品的)猪头颌颊部分 [16th c.: variant of CHOP2, of unknown origin]

chap. abbr. [缩略]  chapter 

chaparajos /ʃæpəˈreihəʊs, tʃ-/ n. pl. N. Amer.  a cowboy's leather protection for the front of the legs [北美] (牛仔穿的)皮护腿套裤 [Mexican Spanish chaparreras from chaparra ‘dwarf evergreen oak’]

chaparral /ʃæpəˈræl, tʃ-/ n. N. Amer.  dense tangled brushwood; undergrowth [北美]灌木丛，荆棘丛 [Spanish from chaparra ‘dwarf evergreen oak’]

chaparral cock n.  = ROADRUNNER 

chapatti /tʃəˈpɑ:ti, -ˈpæti/ n. (also 亦作 chapati, chupatty) (pl. -is or chupatties) (in Indian cookery) a flat thin cake of unleavened wholemeal bread (印度人用粗面粉做的)薄煎饼 [Hindi capɑˉti]

chapbook /ˈtʃæpbʊk/ n.  1 hist.  a small pamphlet containing tales, ballads, tracts, etc., hawked by chapmen [史义] (旧时由小贩沿街叫卖的)小本故事书；民谣小册子 2 esp. N. Amer.  a small paper-covered booklet of poems, fiction, etc. [尤北美] (小开本纸封面的)诗歌集，小说 [19th c.: see CHAPMAN]

chape /tʃeip/ n.  1  the metal cap of a scabbard point (剑鞘顶部的)金属包头 2  the back-piece of a buckle attaching it to a strap etc. 扣钩(指搭扣与皮带衔接的部分) 3  a sliding loop on a belt or strap 皮带滑动圈 [Middle English from Old French, = cope, hood, from Late Latin cappa CAP]

chapeau-bras /ʃæpəʊˈbrɑ:, 法 ʃapobra/ n. (pl. chapeaux-bras pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a three-cornered flat silk hat often carried under the arm 绸三角帽(时常摺起来夹在腋下) [French from chapeau ‘hat’ + bras ‘arm’]

chapel /ˈtʃæp(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a place for private Christian worship in a large church or esp. a cathedral, with its own altar and dedication (大教堂或主教堂内的)私人祈祷室；小教堂  Lady chapel  圣母堂b  a place of Christian worship attached to a private house or institution (附属于私人住宅或机构的)礼拜堂 2 Brit. [英]  a  a place of worship for Nonconformist bodies 非国教徒的教堂b  a chapel service 教堂的礼拜式c  attendance at a chapel 参加做礼拜的人 3 Brit.  an Anglican church subordinate to a parish church [英] (附属于巴黎教堂的)圣公会教堂 4  a  a room or building for funeral services 殡仪馆b esp. US [尤美]  = CHAPEL OF REST  5 Brit. Printing [英]【印刷】  a  the members or branch of a printers' trade union at a specific place of work 印刷工会分会；印刷工会会员b  a meeting of such a union branch 印刷工会会议 ●predic. adj. Brit. colloq.  belonging to or regularly attending a Nonconformist chapel [英口]非国教的；按时去做礼拜的 [Middle English via Old French chapele from medieval Latin cappella, diminutive of cappa ‘cloak’: the first chapel was a sanctuary in which St Martin's sacred cloak (cappella) was preserved]

chapel of ease n.  an Anglican chapel for the convenience of remote parishioners (为方便远离教区教堂的教徒而设的)国教小教堂

chapel of rest n. Brit.  an undertaker's mortuary [英] (殡仪馆的)停尸室

chapel royal n.  a chapel in a royal palace 王宫附属教堂

chapelry /ˈtʃæp(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a district served by an Anglican chapel 国教教堂教区，国教教堂辖区

chaperone /ˈʃæpərəʊn/ n. & v. (also 亦作 chaperon) ●n.  1  a person, esp. an older woman, who ensures propriety by accompanying a young unmarried woman on social occasions (尤指在社交场所陪伴青年未婚女子的)年长女伴 2  a person who takes charge of esp. young people in publilic (尤指青年社交集会时的)行为监护人 ●v. tr.  act as a chaperone to 当女伴，做行为监护人 □ chaperonage  /ˈʃæp(ə)r(ə)nidʒ/ n.   [French, fem. of chaperon ‘hood’ (regarded as giving protection), diminutive of chape ‘cope’: see CHAPE]

chap-fallen adj.  dispirited, dejected (with the lower jaw hanging) 沮丧的；垂头丧气的 [CHAP3]

chaplain /ˈtʃæplin/ n.  a member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, ship, regiment, etc. (私人教堂、机构、轮船、军队等的)牧师，祭司 □ chaplaincy  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French c(h)apelain from medieval Latin cappellanus, originally custodian of the cloak of St Martin: see CHAPEL]

chaplet /ˈtʃæplit/ n.  1  a garland or circlet for the head (戴在头上的)花环，花饰 2  a string of 55 beads (one-third of the rosary number) for counting prayers, or as a necklace (用于祈祷时计数或用作项链，由 55 颗珠子串成的)小串念珠；串珠项链 3  a bead-moulding 串珠浇铸法 □ chapleted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French chapelet, ultimately from Late Latin cappa CAP]

chapman /ˈtʃæpmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. hist.  a pedlar [英史义]叫卖商贩，小贩 [Old English cēapman from cēap ‘barter’]

chappal /ˈtʃæp(ə)l/ n.  an Indian sandal, usu. of leather 印度凉鞋(通常用皮革制成) [Hindi]

chappie /ˈtʃæpi/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = CHAP2 

chaps /ʃæps, tʃ-/ n.  = CHAPARAJOS  [abbreviation]

chapter /ˈtʃæptə/ n.  1  a main division of a book (书的)章，回，篇 2  a period of time (in a person's life, a nation's history, etc.) (人生或民族历史等的)时期，时代 3  a series or sequence 一连串，一系列  a chapter of misfortunes  一连串不幸的遭遇 4  a  the canons of a cathedral or other religious community or knightly order 大教堂的全体教士；修道院的全体修士b  a meeting of these 大教堂会议；修道院会议 5  an Act of Parliament numbered as part of a session's proceedings (作为议会某次会议议程的一部分而编目的)议会法案 6  a N. Amer.  a local branch of a society [北美] (社团的)分会，支部b  a local group of Hell's Angels (地狱天使的)地方团伙 □ chapter and verse   an exact reference or authority (引语等的)确切出处，确切依据 [Middle English via Old French chapitre from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput -itis ‘head’]

chapter house n.  1  a building used for the meetings of a chapter 牧师会礼堂 2 US  the place where a college fraternity or sorority meets [美]大学生联谊会场所

char1 /tʃɑ:/ v. tr. & intr. (charred, charring)  1  make or become black by burning; scorch (把…)烧焦 2  burn or be burnt to charcoal (把…)烧成炭 [apparently backformation from CHARCOAL]

char2 /tʃɑ:/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  = CHARWOMAN  ●v. intr. (charred, charring)  work as a charwoman 做打杂女工，做女勤杂工 [earlier chare from Old English cerr ‘a turn’, cierran ‘to turn’]

char3 /tʃɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 cha /tʃɑ:/) Brit. colloq.  tea [英口]茶 [Chinese cha]

char4 /tʃɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 charr) (pl. same 单复同)  any small troutlike fish of the genus Salvelinus 嘉鱼，红点鲑(红点鲑属鱼类) [17th c.: origin unknown]

charabanc /ˈʃærəbæŋ/ n. Brit. hist.  an early form of motor coach [英史义]大型游览车 [French char ɑˋ bancs ‘carriage with seats’]

characin /ˈkærəsin/ n.  a freshwater fish of the family Characidae, mainly of S. and Central America, including piranhas and tetras 脂鲤(脂鲤科淡水鱼，产于南美和中部美洲，包括水虎鱼和脂鲤) [modern Latin Characinus genus name, from Greek kharax, a kind of fish]

character /ˈkærəktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the collective qualities or characteristics, esp. mental and moral, that distinguish a person or thing (尤指使人或物与众不同的思想和道德)性格，品质；(事物的)性质，特性，特色 2  a  moral strength 道德力量，品德  has a weak character  品德差b  reputation, esp. good reputation (尤指好的)名誉，名声 3  a  a person in a novel, play, etc. (小说、戏剧等的)人物，角色b  a part played by an actor; a role (演员扮演的)角色 4 colloq.  a person, esp. an eccentric or outstanding individual [口] (尤指杰出的或古怪的)人物  he's a real character  他真是个杰出人物 5  a  a printed or written letter, symbol, or distinctive mark (印刷或书写的)字，字体；符号  Chinese characters  汉字b Computing  any of a group of symbols representing a letter etc. 【计算】(代表一个字母的)字符 6  a written description of a person's qualities; a testimonial 人物的性格描写；品德证明书 7  a characteristic (esp. of a biological species) (尤指生物物种的)特征 ●v. tr. archaic  inscribe; describe [古义]描写，描述 □ in (or out of) character   consistent (or inconsistent) with a person's character 与自身特性相符(或不相符)□ characterful  adj.  □ characterfully  adv.  □ characterless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French caractere and Latin character from Greek kharaktēr ‘stamp, impress’]

character actor n.  an actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual persons 性格演员

character assassination n.  a malicious attempt to harm or destroy a person's good reputation 诽谤，破坏名誉

characteristic /kærəktəˈristik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  typical, distinctive 典型的；独特的  with characteristic expertise  具有独特的专长 ●n.  1  a characteristic feature or quality 特点，特征，特性 2 Math.  the whole number or integral part of a logarithm 【数】特征数；(对数的)首数 □ characteristically  adv.   [French caractéristique or medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizō]

characteristic curve n.  a graph showing the relationship between two variable but interdependent quantities 特征曲线

characteristic radiation n.  radiation the wavelengths of which are peculiar to the element which emits them 标识辐射

characterize /ˈkærəktəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  describe the character of 描绘…的特性；叙述b (foll. by 后跟 as)  describe as 描绘成… 2  be characteristic of 以…为特征 3  impart character to 赋予…特征；使性格化 □ characterization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French caractériser or medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizō]

charade /ʃəˈrɑ:d/ n.  1  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 , treated as sing. 看作单数)  a game of guessing a word from a written or acted clue given for each syllable and for the whole (通过动作或文字线索来猜测的)字谜游戏，哑谜猜字游戏b  one such clue (猜字谜时的)线索 2  an absurd pretence 装模作样的把戏 [French from modern Provençal charrado ‘conversation’, from charra ‘chatter’]

charas /ˈtʃɑ:rəs/ n.  a narcotic resin from the flower heads of hemp; cannabis resin (用大麻花头制成的)大麻脂 [Hindi]

charbroil /ˈtʃɑ:brɔil/ v. tr.  grill (meat etc.) on a rack over charcoal 用炭烤(肉等) [CHARCOAL + BROIL1]

charcoal /ˈtʃɑ:kəʊl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an amorphous form of carbon consisting of a porous black residue from wood, bones, etc., heated in the absence of air 炭，木炭b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of this used for drawing (绘画用的)木炭条，炭笔 2  a drawing in charcoal 木炭画 3 (in full 全称 charcoal grey)  a dark grey colour 深灰色 ●adj. (in full 全称 charcoal grey; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  dark grey 深灰色的 [Middle English COAL = charcoal: first element perhaps chare ‘turn’ (cf. CHAR1, CHAR2)]

charcoal biscuit n.  a biscuit containing wood charcoal to aid digestion 炭饼干(因内含助消化的炭而得名)

charcuterie /ʃɑ:ˈku:t(ə)ri:/ n.  1  cold cooked meats (熟肉店出售的)凉熟肉 2  a shop selling these 熟肉店 [French]

chard /tʃɑ:d/ n. (in full 全称 Swiss chard)  a kind of beet, Beta vulgaris, with edible broad white leaf-stalks and green blades Also called 亦称作 seakale beet 莙达菜，瑞士甜菜(甜菜属植物，其白色叶柄和绿叶均可作蔬菜) [French carde, and chardon ‘thistle’: cf. CARDOON]

Chardonnay /ˈʃɑ:dənei/ n.  1  a variety of white grape used for making champagne and other wines 夏敦埃葡萄(用作香槟酒和其他葡萄酒的原料) 2  the vine on which this grape grows 夏敦埃葡萄藤 3  a wine made from Chardonnay grapes 夏敦埃葡萄酒 [French]

charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  ask (an amount) as a price 要价  charges £ 5 a ticket  每张票五英镑b  ask (a person) for an amount as a price 要(某人)付钱，收费  you forgot to charge me  你忘记向我收费了 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to, up to)  debit the cost of to (a person or account) 把…记在某人名下(或账上)  charge it to my account  把它记在我的账上 charge it up to me  把它记在我的名下b  debit (a person or an account) 记入某人(或账户)的借方  bought a new car and charged the company  购买一辆汽车并把车款记入公司账户的借方 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  accuse (of an offence) 控告，指控；指责  charged him with theft  指控他犯偷窃罪b (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  make an accusation that 宣称，指责 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  instruct or urge 指示，催促 5 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a tr.  entrust with 使承担任务(或责任)b refl.  undertake 承担，承受 6  a intr.  make a rushing attack; rush headlong 进攻，冲锋b tr.  make a rushing attack on; throw oneself against 猛攻；冲向 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a tr.  give an electric charge to (a body); store energy in (a battery etc.) 使…充电；为…充电b intr. (of a battery etc.) receive and store energy (电池等)充电 8 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  load or fill (a vessel, gun, etc.) to the full or proper extent 装，装满(容器、枪炮等) 9 tr. (usu. as 通常作 charged adj.)  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  saturated with 使饱和  air charged with vapour  饱和了水蒸气的空气b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pervaded (with strong feelings etc.) 使充满(强烈感情等)  atmosphere charged with emotion  充满激情的气氛 a charged atmosphere  一触即发的气氛 ●n.  1  a  a price asked for goods or services (商品)价钱；(服务)费用b  a financial liability or commitment 应付款项；财政义务 2  an accusation, esp. against a prisoner brought to trial (尤指对被审判者的)控告，指控，指责 3  a  a task, duty, or commission 任务，责任，职责b  care, custody, responsible possession 管理，照管，监护c  a person or thing entrusted; a minister's congregation 被照管的人(或事物)；牧师照管下的教区 4  a  an impetuous rush or attack, esp. in a battle (尤指战斗中的)猛攻，冲锋b  the signal for this 冲锋号 5  the appropriate amount of material to be put into a receptacle, mechanism, etc. at one time, esp. of explosive for a gun (容器、机械装置等的)定量装载物；(尤指枪炮所需的)炸药量 6  a  a property of matter that is a consequence of the interaction between its constituent particles and exists in a positive or negative form, causing electrical phenomena 电荷b  the quantity of this carried by a body (物体携带的)电荷量c  energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity (以化学方式贮存，可转化为电的)能量d  the process of charging a battery 充电 7  an exhortation; directions, orders, esp. Law instructions given by a judge to a jury, or Eccl. by a bishop to his clergy 告诫；指示；命令(尤指 【法律】法官对陪审团的指示或 【教会】主教对牧师的告诫) 8  a burden or load 负担，负荷 9 Heraldry  a device; a bearing 【纹章学】图形，图案 □ free of charge   free, without charge 免费的□ give a person in charge  Brit.  hand a person over to the police [英]把某人交给警方□ in charge   having command 主管，管理，负责□ lay to a person's charge  Brit.  accuse a person of [英]控告某人(犯某罪)□ put a person on a charge  Brit.  charge a person with a specified offence [英]对某人进行(某种)指控□ return to the charge   begin again, esp. in argument (尤指争论)重新开始□ take charge  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  assume control or direction 掌管，负责□ chargeable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French charger and Late Latin car(ri)care ‘to load’ from Latin carrus CAR]

charge account n. N. Amer.  a credit account at a shop etc. [北美] (在商店等处的)赊购账

charge card n.  a credit card for which the account must be paid in full when a statement is issued (结算单发出后必须结清账目的)信用卡

charge-coupled device  see 见 CCD 

chargehand /ˈtʃɑ:dʒhænd/ n. Brit.  a worker, ranking below a foreman, in charge of others on a particular job [英]工头，领班

charge nurse n. Brit.  a nurse in charge of a ward [英]护士长

charger1 /ˈtʃɑ:dʒə/ n.  1  a  a cavalry horse 战马，军马b poet.  any horse [诗]马 2  a device for charging a battery or battery-powered equipment 充电器，充电机 3  a person or thing that charges 控告者；冲锋者；收费者；装料机

charger2 /ˈtʃɑ:dʒə/ n. archaic  a large flat dish [古义]大浅盘 [Middle English from Anglo-French chargeour]

charge sheet n. Brit.  a record of cases and charges made at a police station [英] (警察局的)案情记录

chargé d'affaires /ˌʃɑ:ʒei dæˈfɛə/ n. (also 亦作 chargé) (pl. chargés pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  an ambassador's deputy 代办(代理大使的外交官) 2  an envoy to a minor country (派往小国家的)公使 [French, = in charge of affairs]

chariot /ˈtʃæriət/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, used in ancient warfare and racing (古代的)双轮战车；双轮赛马车b  a four-wheeled carriage with back seats only 四轮轻便马车 2 poet.  a stately or triumphal vehicle [诗]庄严堂皇的彩车；凯旋车 ●v. tr. literary  convey in or as in a chariot [文学用语]用马车(或战车)载送；乘坐马车(或战车) [Middle English from Old French, augmentative of char CAR]

charioteer /tʃæriəˈtiə/ n.  a chariot driver 战车御者；驾驶马车的人

charisma /kəˈrizmə/ n. (pl. charismata /kəˈrizmətə/)  1  a  the ability to inspire followers with devotion and enthusiasm (能激发下属忠心和热情的)领袖气质(或能力)b  an attractive aura; great charm 吸引力；魅力 2  a divinely conferred power or talent 神授的超凡能力(才能) [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek kharisma, from kharis ‘favour, grace’]

charismatic /kærizˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having charisma; inspiring enthusiasm 有号召力的；能激发热情的 2 (of Christian worship) characterized by spontaneity, ecstatic utterances, etc. (指基督教崇拜)以自发行动(或由衷的表露等)为特点的 ●n.  a person who claims divine inspiration; an adherent of charismatic worship 有神授超凡能力的人；崇尚神授天赋的人 □ charismatically  adv.  

charismatic movement n.  a neo-pentecostal movement within Roman Catholic, Anglican, and other Christian Churches (罗马天主教、英国国教和其他基督教教派的)新五旬节教派运动

charitable /ˈtʃæritəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  generous in giving to those in need 慷慨施舍的 2  of, relating to, or connected with a charity or charities 慈善的，仁爱的 3  apt to judge favourably of persons, acts, and motives 宽容的，宽厚的 □ charitableness  n.  □ charitably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, from charité CHARIṪY]

charity /ˈtʃæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  giving voluntarily to those in need; alms-giving 施舍行为；善举b  the help, esp. money, so given 帮助，施舍物(尤指金钱) 2  an institution or organization for helping those in need 慈善团体，慈善组织 3  a  kindness, benevolence 仁爱；慈善b  tolerance in judging others (对别人)宽容，宽大；宽厚c  love of one's fellow men 兄弟之爱；博爱 [Old English via Old French charité from Latin caritas -tatis, from carus ‘dear’]

Charity Commission n. (in the UK) a board established to control charitable trusts (英国)济贫事业委员会

charivari /ʃɑ:riˈvɑ:ri/ n. (esp. US also [尤美亦] shivaree /ʃivəˈri:/)  1  a serenade of banging saucepans etc. to a newly married couple 喧闹的仿小夜曲(敲打铁锅、水壶等向新婚夫妇祝贺) 2  a medley of sounds; a hubbub 喧闹声；嘈杂声 [French, = a serenade with pans, trays, etc., to an unpopular person]

charlady /ˈtʃɑ:leidi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = CHARWOMAN 

charlatan /ˈʃɑ:lət(ə)n/ n.  a person falsely claiming a special knowledge or skill 冒充内行的人，骗子 □ charlatanism  n.  □ charlatanry  n.   [French from Italian ciarlatano, from ciarlare ‘babble’]

Charlene /ˈʃɑ:li:n/   查伦 [人名]

Charles /tʃɑ:lz/   查尔斯 [人名]

Charles' Law /ˈtʃɑ:lz/ n. (also 亦作 Charles's Law /ˈtʃɑ:lziz/) Chem.  the law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature 【化】查理定律(认为在衡压下理想气体的体积与绝对温度成正比) [named after J. A. C. Charles, French scientist d. 1823, who first formulated it]

Charles's Wain /ˈtʃɑ:lziz/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = PLOUGH 4  [Old English Carles wœgn ‘the wain of Carl’ (Charles the Great, Charlemagne), perhaps by association of the star Arcturus with legends of King Arthur and Charlemagne]

charleston /ˈtʃɑ:lst(ə)n, -lz-/ n. & v. (also 亦作 Charleston) ●n.  a lively dance of the 1920s with side-kicks from the knee 查尔斯顿舞(流行于 20 世纪 20 年代的一种活泼的舞蹈) ●v. intr.  dance the charleston 跳查尔斯顿舞 [named after Charleston, a city in S. Carolina, US]

charley horse /ˈtʃɑ:li/ n. N. Amer. slang  stiffness or a cramp in an arm or leg [北美] [俚语]肢体僵硬；抽筋，肌肉痉挛 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Charlie /ˈtʃɑ:li/   查利 [人名]

charlie /ˈtʃɑ:li/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a fool 蠢人，笨蛋 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a woman's breasts (妇女的)乳房 [diminutive of the name Charles]

charlock /ˈtʃɑ:lɒk/ n.  a wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, with yellow flowers Also called 亦称作 field mustard 田芥菜(一种野生欧白芥属植物，开黄花) [Old English cerlic, of unknown origin]

Charlotte /ˈʃɑ:lət/   夏洛特 [人名]

charlotte /ˈʃɑ:lət/ n.  a pudding made of stewed fruit with a casing or layers or covering of bread, sponge cake, biscuits, or breadcrumbs 水果奶油布丁  apple charlotte  苹果奶油布丁 [French]

charlotte russe /ˈru:s/ n.  custard etc. enclosed in sponge cake or a casing of sponge fingers 俄式奶油布丁 [French, = Russian charlotte]

charm /tʃɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the power or quality of giving delight, arousing admiration, or influencing 使人喜悦的力量，令人羡慕的品质b  fascination, attractiveness 魅力，吸引力c (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an attractive or enticing quality 美貌，妩媚 2  a trinket on a bracelet etc. (手镯等上面的)小装饰物 3  a  an object, act, or word(s) supposedly having occult or magic power; a spell 咒符；魔法；咒语b  a thing worn to avert evil etc.; an amulet 护身符 4 Physics  a property of matter manifested by certain quarks 【物理学】粲，粲数 ●v. tr.  1  delight, captivate 使高兴，使陶醉  charmed by the performance  被演出陶醉了 2  influence or protect as if by magic 用魔力影响，用魔法保护  leads a charmed life  过着一种有魔法保护的生活 3  a  gain by charm 用魔力获得(得到)  charmed agreement out of him  用魔力得到他的同意b  influence by charm 用魔法影响  charmed her into consenting  用魔法使得她同意了 4  cast a spell on, bewitch 施魔力于，蛊惑 □ like a charm   perfectly, wonderfully 完美无缺地，极好地□ charmer  n.  可爱的人，迷人的人；巫士，术士 [Middle English via Old French charme, charmer from Latin carmen ‘song’]

charm bracelet n.  a bracelet hung with small trinkets (挂着小饰物的)手镯

charmeuse /ʃɑ:ˈmɜ:z/ n.  a soft smooth silky dress fabric 查米尤斯绉缎 [French, fem. of charmeur ‘charmer’ (as CHARM)]

charming /ˈtʃɑ:miŋ/ adj.  1  delightful, attractive, pleasing 令人高兴的，迷人的，可爱的 2 (often as 常作 int.) iron.  expressing displeasure or disapproval [讽]表示“不高兴”，“不赞成” □ charmingly  adv.  

charmless /ˈtʃɑ:mlis/ adj.  lacking charm; unattractive; ungracious 无魅力的；无吸引力的；不美的 □ charmlessly  adv.  □ charmlessness  n.  

charm offensive n.  the deliberate use of charm or cooperation in order to achieve a (usu. political) goal (通常为达到政治目的而施展的)魅力攻势；魅力合作

charnel house /ˈtʃɑ:n(ə)l/ n.  a house or vault in which dead bodies or bones are piled 尸骨存放所，藏骸所 [Middle English & Old French charnel ‘burying place’ via medieval Latin carnale from Late Latin carnalis CARNAL]

Charolais /ˈʃærə(ʊ)lei/ n. (also 亦作 Charollais) (pl. same 单复同)  1  an animal of a breed of large white beef cattle 夏洛来牛(一种肉用大白牛) 2  this breed 夏洛来牛种 [Monts du Charollais in E. France]

charpoy /ˈtʃɑ:pɔi/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a light bedstead [印英]轻便床架，吊床 [Hindustani chɑˉrpɑˉi]

charr var.  of CHAR4  CHAR4 的变体

chart /tʃɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a geographical map or plan, esp. for navigation by sea or air 地理图(尤指航海图、航空图) 2  a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram 图表，曲线(标绘)图 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a listing of the currently most popular records, esp. pop singles (尤指流行单曲唱片的)流行唱片选目 ●v. tr.  make a chart of, map 绘制…图表；绘制…地图 [French charte from Latin charta CARD1]

chartbuster /ˈtʃɑ:tbʌstə/ n. colloq.  a best-selling popular song, record, etc. [口]畅销的流行歌曲(唱片等)

charter /ˈtʃɑ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a written grant of rights, by the sovereign or legislature, esp. the creation of a borough, company, university, etc. (尤指君主或立法机构对成立自治镇、公司或大学等的)特许状b  a written constitution or description of an organization's functions etc. 宪章，(某机构的)章程 2  a contract to hire an aircraft, ship, etc., for a special purpose (飞机、轮船等的)包租契约，包租合同 3  = CHARTER PARTY  ●v. tr.  1  grant a charter to 给予特权；准许 2  hire (an aircraft, ship, etc.) 包租(飞机、轮船等) □ charterer  n.  租赁者，租船者 [Middle English via Old French chartre from Latin chartula, diminutive of charta CARD1]

chartered /ˈtʃɑ:təd/ adj. Brit. (of an accountant, engineer, librarian, etc.) qualified as a member of a professional body that has a royal charter [英] (指会计师、工程师、图书馆管理员等)合格的，特许的，持有特许状的

chartered libertine n. Brit.  a person allowed to do as he or she pleases [英]可以为所欲为的人

charter flight n.  a flight by a chartered aircraft 包机，乘包机飞行

Charter Mark n. (in the UK) an award granted to institutions for exceptional public service under the terms of the Citizen's Charter (英国) (依照公民章程授予在公众服务方面有特殊贡献的机构的)奖励

charter member n.  an original member of a society, corporation, etc. (社团、公司等的)创始成员

charter party n. (pl. -ies)  a deed between a shipowner and a merchant for the hire of a ship and the delivery of cargo (通过签订契约)租船；租船契约 [French charte partie from medieval Latin charta partita ‘divided charter, indenture’]

Chartism /ˈtʃɑ:tiz(ə)m/ n. hist.  the principles of the UK parliamentary reform movement of 1837 － 48 [史义]宪章主义(指 1837 至 1848 年英国的议会改革运动宪章运动的原则) □ Chartist  n.   [Latin charta charter + -ISM: name taken from the manifesto ‘People's Charter’]

chartreuse /ʃɑ:ˈtrɜ:z/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a pale green or yellow liqueur of brandy and aromatic herbs etc. 察吐士酒(用白兰地酒加芳香草药等制成的酒，呈黄或淡绿色) 2  the pale yellow or pale green colour of this 淡黄色，淡绿色 3  a dish of fruit enclosed in jelly etc. 牛奶水果冻 ●adj.  pale green or pale yellow 淡黄色的，淡绿色的 [La Grande Chartreuse (Carthusian monastery near Grenoble), where the liqueur was first made]

chart-topping attrib. adj.  occupying the first place in a chart of popular records etc. (流行唱片等)居排行榜榜首的 □ chart-topper  n.  

charwoman /ˈtʃɑ:wʊmən/ n. (pl. -women) Brit.  a woman employed as a cleaner in houses or offices [英]女清洁工

chary /ˈtʃɛəri/ adj. (charier, chariest)  1  cautious, wary 谨慎的，小心的，仔细的  chary of employing such people  雇佣这种人要谨慎 2  sparing; ungenerous 节约的；吝啬的  chary of giving praise  不轻易赞扬别人 3  shy 腼腆的 □ charily  adv.   [Old English cearig, related to CARE]

Charybdis  see 见 SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS 

Chas /tʃæz/   查斯 [人名]

Chas. abbr.  Charles [缩略]查尔斯

chase1 /tʃeis/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  pursue in order to catch 追赶，追逐；跟踪 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from, out of, to, etc.)  drive 驱逐，赶走 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 after)  hurry in pursuit of (a person) 匆匆追赶(某人)b (foll. by 后跟 round etc.) colloq.  act or move about hurriedly [口]奔跑，匆忙地走 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit. colloq.  pursue (overdue work, payment, etc. or the person responsible for it) [英口]追寻(责任人)；催促(延误的工作等)；追索(欠款等) 5 tr. colloq. [口]  a  try to attain 试图达到(或获得)b  court persistently and openly 追求，向…求爱 ●n.  1  pursuit 追逐，追赶；追求 2 Brit.  unenclosed hunting land [英]狩猎场 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  hunting, esp. as a sport 狩猎(尤指运动) 4  an animal etc. that is pursued 被追猎的动物 5  = STEEPLECHASE  □ go and chase oneself  (usu. in imper. 通常用祈使语气) Brit. colloq.  depart [英口]走开，别来捣乱 [Middle English from Old French chace chacier, ultimately from Latin capere ‘take’]

chase2 /tʃeis/ v. tr.  emboss or engrave (metal) 浮雕；镂刻(金属) [apparently from earlier enchase from Old French enchasser (as EN-1, CASE2)]

chase3 /tʃeis/ n. Printing  a metal frame holding composed type 【印刷】(活字版的)版框 [French chɑˆsse from Latin capsa CASE2]

chase4 /tʃeis/ n.  1  the part of a gun enclosing the bore 炮膛，炮前身 2  a trench or groove cut to receive a pipe etc. 沟，槽；管子槽 [French chas ‘enclosed space’ via Provençal ca(u)s from medieval Latin capsum ‘thorax, nave of a church’]

chaser /ˈtʃeisə/ n.  1  a person or thing that chases 追赶者(或物) 2  a horse for steeplechasing 障碍(或越野)赛马所用的马 3 colloq.  a drink taken after another of a different kind, e.g. spirits after beer [口] (喝完一种饮料后再喝的另一种)饮料(如啤酒之后再喝的酒精饮料)

chasm /ˈkæz(ə)m/ n.  1  a deep fissure or opening in the earth, rock, etc. (地面等的)陷窟；(岩石等的)裂缝 2  a wide difference of feeling, interests, etc.; a gulf (感情、兴趣等)巨大差距，巨大分歧；鸿沟 3 archaic  a hiatus [古义] (时间的)间隔，间隙 □ chasmic  adj.   [Latin chasma from Greek khasma ‘gaping hollow’]

chasse /ʃɑ:s, 法 ʃas/ n.  a liqueur taken after coffee etc. (饮咖啡后喝的)烈性甜酒 [French from chasser CHASE1]

chasseur sauce /ʃæˈsɜ:/ n.  a rich sauce with wine and mushrooms for serving esp. with poultry or game 猎人沙司(用葡萄酒和蘑菇等制作，尤与禽类或野味一起食用)

chassis /ˈʃæsi, -i:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-siz/)  1  the base frame of a motor vehicle, carriage, etc. (汽车、车厢等的)底盘，车架 2  a frame to carry radio etc. components (收音机等的)底盘，框架 [French chɑˆssis, ultimately from Latin capsa CASE2]

chassé /ˈʃæsei/ n. & v. ●n.  a gliding step in dancing 沙塞(芭蕾舞中的一种滑步动作) ●v. intr. (chasséd; chasséing)  make this step 做沙塞动作 [French, = chasing]

chaste /tʃeist/ adj.  1  abstaining from extramarital, or from all, sexual intercourse 贞洁的；禁欲的 2 (of behaviour, speech, etc.) pure, virtuous, decent (行为、言论等)纯洁的；正派的；高雅的 3 (of artistic etc. style) simple, unadorned (艺术等的风格)简洁的，朴实无华的 □ chastely  adv.  □ chasteness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin castus]

chasten /ˈtʃeis(ə)n/ v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 chastening, chastened adjs.)  subdue, restrain 抑制，禁止  a chastening experience  一种受遏制的感受 chastened by his failure  因失败而一蹶不振 2  discipline, punish 惩戒；惩罚 3  moderate 使和缓，节制 □ chastener  n.   [obsolete verb chaste via Old French chastier from Latin castigare CASTIGATE]

chaste tree n.  an ornamental shrub, Vitex agnus-castus, with blue or white flowers 淡紫花牡荆(一种装饰性牡荆属灌木，开蓝色或白色花)

chastise /tʃæˈstaiz/ v. tr.  1  rebuke or reprimand severely 申斥，责骂 2  punish, esp. by beating 惩戒；责罚(尤指责打) □ chastisement  /ˈtʃæstizm(ə)nt, -ˈtaizm(ə)nt/ n.  □ chastiser  n.   [Middle English, apparently formed irregularly from obsolete verbs chaste, chasty: see CHASTEN]

chastity /ˈtʃæstiti/ n.  1  being chaste 纯洁，正派 2  sexual abstinence; virginity 禁欲；贞洁，贞操 3  simplicity of style or taste (文体或情趣等)简洁，朴实无华 [Middle English via Old French chasteté from Latin castitas-tatis, from castus CHASTE]

chastity belt n. hist.  a woman's garment designed to prevent the wearer from having sexual intercourse [史义] (防止女人私通的)贞操带

chasuble /ˈtʃæzjʊb(ə)l/ n.  a loose sleeveless usu. ornate outer vestment worn by a priest celebrating Mass or the Eucharist 十字褡(神父行弥撒或圣餐礼时穿在最外层的宽松无袖长袍) [Middle English from Old French chesible, later -uble, ultimately from Latin casula ‘hooded cloak, little cottage’, diminutive of casa ‘cottage’]

chat1 /tʃæt/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chatted, chatting)  talk in a light familiar way 闲谈，聊天 ●n.  1  informal conversation or talk 闲谈，聊天 2  an instance of this (一次)闲谈，(一次)聊天 □ chat up  colloq.  chat to, esp. flirtatiously or with an ulterior motive [口]与…调情；与…搭讪 [Middle English: shortening of CHATTER]

chat2 /tʃæt/ n.  any of various small birds with harsh calls, esp. a stonechat or whinchat or certain American or Australian warblers (声音嘶哑的)鸣禽 [probably imitative]

chateau /ˈʃætəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 chɑˆteau) (pl. -teaux pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /-təʊz/)  a large French country house or castle, often giving its name to wine made in its neighbourhood 法国庄园；法国城堡(通常以附近盛产的葡萄酒命名) [French from Old French chastel CASTLE]

chateaubriand /ˌʃætəʊbriˈjɒ˜/ n.  a thick fillet of beef steak 烤里脊牛排 [named after Vicomte de Chateaubriand (d.1848), French writer and statesman]

chatelaine /ˈʃætəlein/ n.  1  the mistress of a large house (庄园的)女主人 2 hist.  a set of short chains attached to a woman's belt, for carrying keys etc. [史义] (系于妇女腰间用于悬挂钥匙等的)链子，扣钩 [French chɑˆtelaine, fem. of chatelain ‘lord of a castle’, from medieval Latin castellanus CASTELLAN]

chatline /ˈtʃætlain/ n.  a telephone service which sets up conference calls esp. among young people (尤在年轻人中间的)电话聊天服务业务，聊天热线

chat show n. Brit.  a television or radio programme in which celebrities are interviewed informally [英] (电视或电台的)名人访谈节目

chattel /ˈtʃæt(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1 Law  any property other than freehold land, including tangible goods (chattels personal 动产) and leasehold interests (chattels real 准不动产) 【法律】动产及准不动产 2 (in general use) a personal possession (通常指)个人财产 [Middle English from Old French chatel: see CATTLE]

chattel mortgage n. N. Amer.  the conveyance of chattels by mortgage as security for a debt [北美]动产抵押

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  talk quickly, incessantly, trivially, or indiscreetly 喋喋不休地说，饶舌 2 (of a bird, monkey, etc.) emit short quick sounds (鸟等)吱吱叫；(猴子等)唧唧叫 3 (of the teeth) click repeatedly together (usu. from cold) (牙齿因寒冷而)打战 4 (of a tool) clatter from vibration (工具因震颤而)嗒嗒作响 ●n.  1  chattering talk or sounds 唠唠叨叨的话；吱吱的声响 2  the vibration of a tool (工具的)震颤声 □ the chattering classes  Brit. joc.  intellectuals as a social group [英诙]知识分子阶层□ chatterer  n.  □ chattery  adj.   [Middle English: imitative]

chatterbox /ˈtʃætəbɒks/ n.  a talkative person 唠唠叨叨的人，爱饶舌的人

chatty /ˈtʃæti/ adj. (chattier, chattiest)  1  fond of chatting; talkative 爱闲聊的；爱说话的 2  resembling chat; informal and lively 聊天式的；随便而愉快的  a chatty letter  一封闲话家常般的信 □ chattily  adv.  □ chattiness  n.  

chat-up n. colloq.  an instance of chatting a person up [口]搭讪；攀谈 often 常作 attrib.: chat-up lines  聊天热线

Chaucerian /tʃɔ:ˈsiəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the English poet Chaucer (d. 1400) or his style (英国诗人)乔叟式的；具有乔叟文风的 ●n.  a student of Chaucer 研究乔叟的专家

chaud-froid /ʃəʊˈfrwɑ:/ n.  a dish of cold cooked meat or fish in jelly or sauce (覆盖了肉冻或沙司的)酱汁肉；冷盘鱼 [French from chaud ‘hot’ + froid ‘cold’]

chauffeur /ˈʃəʊfə, ʃəʊˈfɜ:/ n. & v. ●n. (fem. chauffeuse /-ˈfɜ:z/)  a person employed to drive a private or hired motor car (受雇于私人或租用汽车的)汽车司机 ●v. tr.  drive (a car or a passenger) as a chauffeur 开汽车；开汽车送 [French, = stoker]

chaulmoogra /tʃɔ:lˈmu:ɡrə/ n.  any of several tropical Asian trees of the family Flacourtiaceae, esp. Hydnocarpus kurzii, with seeds yielding an oil formerly used to treat skin diseases 大风子(热带亚洲大风子科植物，其种子榨出的油曾用于治疗皮肤病) [Bengali]

chautauqua /tʃɔ:ˈtɔ:kwə, ʃ-/ n. N. Amer. hist.  an institution that provided popular adult education courses and entertainment in the late 19th － early 20th c. [北美史义]肖托夸夏季教育集会(流行于 19 世纪后期至 20 世纪初期，其特点是把教育与娱乐结合起来) [Chautauqua in New York State, where such courses were held]

chauvinism /ˈʃəʊv(i)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  exaggerated or aggressive patriotism 沙文主义 2  excessive or prejudiced support or loyalty for one's cause or group or sex 本团体第一主义；本性别第一主义  male chauvinism  大男子主义 [named after N. Chauvin, a Napoleonic veteran popularized as a character in the Cogniards' Cocarde Tricolore (1831)]

chauvinist /ˈʃəʊv(i)nist/ n.  1  a person exhibiting chauvinism 沙文主义者 2 (in full 全称 male chauvinist)  a man showing excessive loyalty to men and prejudice against women 大男子主义者 □ chauvinistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ chauvinistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

Ch.B. abbr.  Bachelor of Surgery [缩略]外科学士 [Latin Chirurgiae Baccalaureus]

cheap /tʃi:p/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  low in price; worth more than its cost 廉价的，便宜的；合算的  a cheap holiday  花钱少的假日 cheap labour  廉价劳动 2  charging low prices; offering good value 要价低的；实惠的  a cheap restaurant  价格低廉的饭馆 3  of poor quality; inferior 劣质的；低劣的  cheap housing  劣质住房 4  a  costing little effort or acquired by discreditable means and hence of little worth 不费力气的，用不正当手段得到的，无价值的  cheap popularity  平庸的声望 a cheap joke  低级的玩笑b  contemptible; despicable 卑鄙的；可鄙的  a cheap criminal  可鄙的罪犯 5 N. Amer. colloq.  stingy [北美口]吝啬的，小气的 ●adv.  cheaply 廉价地，便宜地  got it cheap  买得便宜 □ cheap and cheerful  Brit.  inexpensive but not unattractive [英]价廉物美□ cheap and nasty  Brit.  of low cost and bad quality [英]价格便宜但质量低劣□ dirt cheap   very cheap 非常便宜□ feel cheap   feel ashamed or contemptible 感到惭愧；感到可鄙□ on the cheap   cheaply 便宜地□ cheapish  adj.  □ cheaply  adv.  □ cheapness  n.   [obsolete phrase good cheap ‘a good bargain’, from Old English cēap ‘barter’, ultimately from Latin caupo ‘innkeeper’]

cheapen /ˈtʃi:p(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become cheap or cheaper; depreciate, degrade 使便宜；使贬值；使降级

cheapie /ˈʃi:pi/ n. & adj. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  a cheap product 便宜货，廉价品 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  cheap 便宜的，廉价的

cheapjack /ˈtʃi:pdʒæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a seller of inferior goods at low prices 专售廉价品者 ●adj.  inferior, shoddy 劣质的，廉价的 [CHEAP + JACK1]

cheapo /ˈtʃi:pəʊ/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) slang  cheap [俚语]便宜的

cheapskate /ˈtʃi:pskeit/ n. colloq.  a stingy or parsimonious person; a miser [口]吝啬鬼；小气鬼 [CHEAP + skate ‘a worn-out horse; a mean, contemptible, or dishonest person’ (19th c.: origin unknown)]

cheat /tʃi:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  deceive or trick 欺骗；哄骗；骗取  cheated into parting with his savings  哄骗他花掉了他的积蓄b (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of 剥夺，使丧失  cheated of a chance to reply  使丧失了复信的机会 2 intr.  gain unfair advantage by deception or breaking rules, esp. in a game or examination 行骗；(尤指在游戏或考试中)作弊 3 tr.  avoid (something undesirable) by luck or skill (幸运或狡黠地)逃避，逃脱  cheated the bad weather  躲过了坏天气 4 tr. archaic  divert attention from, beguile (time, tedium, etc.) [古义]转移(注意力)；消磨(时间等)；消除(厌烦等) ●n.  1  a person who cheats 骗子 2  a trick, fraud, or deception 欺骗，骗局，诡计 3  an act of cheating 欺诈行为 □ cheat on  colloq.  be sexually unfaithful to [口] (在男女关系上)表现不忠 [Middle English chete from achete, variant of ESCHEAT]

cheater /ˈtʃi:tə/ n.  1  a person who cheats 骗子 2 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. slang  spectacles [北美] [俚语]眼镜

Chechen /ˈtʃetʃen/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -s or same 单复同)  a member of a Muslim Caucasian people inhabiting Chechnya, an autonomous republic in SE Russia 车臣人(车臣为俄罗斯东南部一自治共和国) ●adj.  of or relating to this people 车臣人的 [from obsolete Russian chechen (modern Russian chechenets)]

check1 /tʃek/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  examine the accuracy, quality, or condition of 检查，核对，查对b (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  make sure; verify; establish to one's satisfaction 查明；核实  checked that the doors were locked  看看门是否都锁了 checked the train times  核实火车的时间 2 tr.  a  stop or slow the motion of; curb, restrain 使停止运动，使减慢速度；控制，抑制  progress was checked by bad weather  因天气不好而进度减慢b colloq.  find fault with; rebuke [口]挑剔；责备，斥责 3 tr. Chess  move a piece into a position that directly threatens (the opposing king) 【棋类】将军(指直接威胁对方的将或帅) 4 intr. US  agree or correspond when compared [美] (经查对)相符，相一致 5 tr. US  mark with a tick etc. [美]打对钩，标对号 6 tr. N. Amer.  deposit (luggage etc.) for storage or dispatch [北美]寄存(行李等)；托运(行李等) 7 intr. (of hounds) pause to ensure or regain scent (猎犬)停下来辨别臭迹 ●n.  1  a means or act of testing or ensuring accuracy, quality, satisfactory condition, etc. (对准确性、质量、满意程度等的)核对，检查，查对 2  a  a stopping or slowing of motion; a restraint on action 停止；减速；抑制b  a rebuff or rebuke 制止，遏制；指责，斥责c  a person or thing that restrains 制止者；遏制物 3 (also as 亦作 int.) Chess 【棋类】  a  the exposure of a king to direct attack from an opposing piece 被将军的局面b  an announcement of this by the attacking player (进攻一方宣布)将军 4 US  a bill in a restaurant [美] (餐馆的)账单 5 (in full 全称 baggage or luggage check) esp. N. Amer.  a token of identification for left luggage etc. [尤北美] (行李等的)寄物牌，存放证 6 US Cards  a counter used in various games [美]【牌戏】(牌戏时使用的)筹码 7  a temporary loss of the scent in hunting (打猎时)臭迹中断 8  a crack or flaw in timber (木材的)裂缝，裂口 ●int. N. Amer. colloq.  expressing assent or agreement [北美口]好，行 □ check in   1  arrive or register at a hotel, airport, etc. (在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到 2  record the arrival of 记录(报到情况)□ check into   register one's arrival at (a hotel etc.) 登记住进(旅馆等)□ check off   mark on a list etc. as having been examined or dealt with (经核对后在登记单等上)作记号(如打对钩)□ check on   examine carefully or in detail; ascertain the truth about; keep a watch on (a person, work done, etc.) (仔细)检查；证实(某事真实)；监督(某人或工作)□ check out   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  leave a hotel etc. with due formalities (从旅馆等)结账离开，办妥手续离去 2 colloq.  investigate; examine for authenticity or suitability [口]调查；检查；察看 3 N. Amer. slang  die [北美] [俚语]完蛋，死□ check over   examine for errors; verify 检查，察看；核实，证实□ check through   inspect or examine exhaustively; verify successive items of 详尽地检查；逐项检查；核实□ check up   ascertain, verify, make sure 检查；核实；查明，确定□ check up on   = check on □ in check   under control, restrained 受控制的(地)；受限制的(地)□ checkable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French eschequier ‘play chess, give check to’, and Old French eschec, ultimately from Persian šɑˉh ‘king’]

check2 /tʃek/ n.  1  a pattern of small squares 格子图案，格子花样 2  fabric having this pattern 格子图案织物，格子布 3 (作 attrib.)  so patterned 有格子图案的 [Middle English, probably from CHEQUER]

check3 US var.  of CHEQUE [美] CHEQUE 的变体

checked /tʃekt/ adj.  having a check pattern 有格子图案的，有格子花的

checker1 /ˈtʃekə/ n.  1  a person or thing that verifies or examines, esp. in a factory etc. (尤指工厂等的)检验员，审核员；核对物 2 US  a cashier in a supermarket etc. [美] (超市等的)收款员

checker2 /ˈtʃekə/ n.  1 var.  of CHEQUER CHEQUER 的变体 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the game of draughts 跳棋，西洋跳棋b  = CHECKERMAN 

checkerberry /ˈtʃekəberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a N. American creeping evergreen shrub, Gaultheria procumbens, with spiny scented leaves and white flowers ; also called 亦称作 wintergreen 平铺白珠树(一种北美白珠树属常青蔓生灌木，其树叶具刺有香味，开白色花) 2  the edible red fruit of this plant (平铺白珠树的)红色浆果 [checkers ‘berries of the service tree’ (from their colour)]

checkerboard US var.  of CHEQUERBOARD [美] CHEQUERBOARD 的变体

checkerman /ˈtʃekəmæn/ n. (pl. -men) N. Amer.  each of the pieces in a game of draughts [北美]西洋跳棋棋子

check-in n.  the act or place of checking in 登记(住旅馆)；(旅馆)登记处

checking account /ˈtʃekiŋ/ n. US  a current account at a bank [美]支票活期存款账户 [CHECK3]

checklist /ˈtʃeklist/ n.  a list for reference and verification (核对时使用的)一览表

checkmate /ˈtʃekmeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also as 亦作 int.) Chess 【棋类】  a  check from which a king cannot escape 将死，将(对手的“王”)b  an announcement of this 将军(将死对手的呼叫) 2  a final defeat or deadlock 彻底失败；僵局 ●v. tr.  1 Chess  put into checkmate 【棋类】把(对手的“王”)将死 2  defeat; frustrate 挫败；制止 [Middle English via Old French eschec mat from Persian šɑˉh mɑˉt ‘the king is dead’]

checkout /ˈtʃekaʊt/ n.  1  an act of checking out 结账离开 2  a point at which goods are paid for in a supermarket etc. (超市等的)付款台

checkpoint /ˈtʃekpɔint/ n.  a place, esp. a barrier or manned entrance, where documents, vehicles, etc., are inspected (证件、车辆等的)边防检查站；公路检查站

check-rein n.  a rein attaching one horse's rein to another's bit, or preventing a horse from lowering its head (为防止马低头而拴在挽具上的)短缰绳

checkroom /ˈtʃekru:m, -rʊm/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a cloakroom in a hotel or theatre (旅馆或剧场的)衣帽间 2  an office for left luggage etc. (车站等的)行李寄存处

check sum n.  a digit representing the sum of the digits in a digital signal and transmitted with it as a check against errors (代表数字信号中数字总和并随之发射以)核对错误的数字

check-up n.  a thorough (esp. medical) examination 彻底检查(尤指体检)

check valve n.  a valve allowing flow in one direction only 止回阀，单向阀

Cheddar /ˈtʃedə/ n.  a kind of firm smooth yellow, white, or orange cheese originally made in Cheddar but now widely imitated 切达干酪(一种白、黄或橘红色硬质干酪，原产于英国切达) [Cheddar, a village in SW England]

cheek /tʃi:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the side of the face below the eye 面颊，脸蛋b  the side wall of the mouth 嘴的内侧 2  a  impertinent speech 冒失(莽撞)的话b  impertinence; cool confidence 无礼的行为；厚脸皮  had the cheek to ask for more  竟有脸想多要一些 3 slang  either buttock [俚语]半边屁股 4  a  either of the side posts of a door etc. (门等的)边柱b  either of the jaws of a vice (虎钳的)夹口，钳嘴c  either of the side pieces of various parts of machines arranged in lateral pairs (机器上)两侧成对的部件 ●v. tr.  speak impertinently to 无礼(或粗鲁)地对…讲话 □ cheek by jowl   close together; intimate 紧靠在一起；亲密地□ turn the other cheek   accept attack etc. meekly; refuse to retaliate 甘受侮辱； (挨揍后)把另一侧面颊凑过去 [Old English cē(a)ce, cēoce]

cheekbone /ˈtʃi:kbəʊn/ n.  the bone below the eye; the zygomatic bone 颧骨

cheeky /ˈtʃi:ki/ adj. (cheekier, cheekiest)  impertinent, impudent 无礼的，莽撞的；厚颜无耻的 □ cheekily  adv.  □ cheekiness  n.  

cheep /tʃi:p/ n. & v. ●n.  the weak shrill cry of a young bird (小鸟的)吱吱的叫声 ●v. intr.  make such a cry (小鸟等)吱吱地叫 [imitative: cf. PEEP2]

cheer /tʃiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shout of encouragement or applause 欢呼，喝彩 2  mood, disposition 心情，情绪；性情  full of good cheer  心情欢畅 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; as 作 int.) colloq. [口]  a  expressing good wishes before drinking or Brit. before parting (祝酒用语)干杯；[英] (告别用语)再会b esp. Brit.  expressing gratitude [尤英]谢谢 ●v.  1 tr.  a  applaud with shouts 向…欢呼，为…喝彩b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  urge or encourage with shouts 用欢呼声督促(或激励) 2 intr.  shout for joy 欢呼，喝彩 3 tr.  gladden; comfort 使高兴；安慰 □ cheer up   make or become less depressed (使)振作起来□ three cheers   three successive hurrahs for a person or thing honoured (对人或事物)欢呼三声 [Middle English, in the sense ‘face, expression, mood’, via Anglo-French chere, Old French chiere and Late Latin cara ‘face’ from Greek kara ‘head’]

cheerful /ˈtʃiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  in good spirits, noticeably happy 欢乐的，兴高采烈的  a cheerful disposition  欢乐的性格 2  bright, pleasant 明亮的，使人愉快的  a cheerful room  使人愉快的房间 3  willing, not reluctant 乐意的，心甘情愿的 □ cheerfully  adv.  □ cheerfulness  n.  

cheerio /tʃiəriˈəʊ/ int. Brit. colloq.  expressing good wishes on parting or archaic before drinking [英口] (分别时表达良好祝愿)再见；[古义] (为你的健康)干杯

cheerleader /ˈtʃiəli:də/ n.  a person who leads cheers of applause etc. (领头喝彩、欢呼等的)啦啦队长

cheerless /ˈtʃiəlis/ adj.  gloomy, dreary, miserable 阴郁的，凄凉的；悲惨的 □ cheerlessly  adv.  □ cheerlessness  n.  

cheerly /ˈtʃiəli/ adv. & adj. ●adv. esp. Naut.  heartily, with a will (尤)【海】精神饱满地，起劲地 ●adj. archaic  cheerful [古义]欢乐的，愉快的

cheery /ˈtʃiəri/ adj. (cheerier, cheeriest)  lively; in good spirits; genial, cheering 活泼的；兴高采烈的；欢快的，高兴的 □ cheerily  adv.  □ cheeriness  n.  

cheese1 /tʃi:z/ n.  1  a  a food made from the pressed curds of milk 干酪，奶酪b  a complete cake of this with rind (有硬皮的完整块)干酪，奶酪 2 Brit.  a conserve having the consistency of soft cheese [英] (带有奶酪黏汁的)蜜饯  lemon cheese  柠檬酪 3  a round flat object, e.g. the heavy flat wooden disc used in skittles 扁圆的东西(如撞柱游戏中的扁柱) □ hard cheese  Brit. slang  bad luck [英] [俚语]噩运，倒霉 [Old English cēse, ultimately from Latin caseus]

cheese2 /tʃi:z/ v. tr. slang [俚语] (usu. as 通常作 cheesed adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  exasperate 激怒，使烦恼，使气恼 □ cheese it   1 Brit. archaic  stop it, leave off [英古义]停下，住手 2 US  look out; run away [美]当心；快逃跑 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cheese3 /tʃi:z/ n. (also 亦作 big cheese) slang  an important person [俚语]重要人物，要人 [perhaps from Hindustani chīz thing]

cheeseboard /ˈtʃi:zbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board from which cheese is served (餐桌上盛奶酪的)干酪板 2  a selection of cheeses 供选购的奶酪

cheeseburger /ˈtʃi:zbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a beefburger with a slice of cheese on it, usu. served in a roll (上面有一片干酪的)干酪汉堡包

cheesecake /ˈtʃi:zkeik/ n.  1  a tart filled with sweetened curds etc. 奶酪饼 2 slang  the portrayal of women in a sexually attractive manner [俚语]性感的女人像

cheesecloth /ˈtʃi:zklɒθ/ n.  thin loosely woven cloth, used originally for wrapping cheese 干酪包布(一种薄纱织物)

cheese-cutter n.  1  a knife with a broad curved blade 干酪切刀 2  a device for cutting cheese by pulling a wire through it 钢丝切干酪器

cheese-fly n. (pl. -flies)  a small black fly, Piophila casei, breeding in cheese 酪蝇(一种在奶酪中繁殖的黑色小苍蝇)

cheese-head n. Brit.  a type of screw head shaped like a squat cylinder [英] (螺钉、铆钉等的)圆头

cheesemaker /ˈtʃi:zmeikə/ n.  a maker of cheese 干酪制作者 □ cheesemaking  n.  

cheese-mite n.  any mite of the genus Tyroglyphus feeding on cheese 干酪螨虫(粉螨属昆虫)

cheesemonger /ˈtʃi:zmʌŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a dealer in cheese, butter, etc. [英]乳制品商，干酪商

cheese-paring adj. & n. ●adj.  stingy 吝啬的，小气的 ●n.  stinginess 吝啬，小气 □ cheese-pare  v. tr. & intr.  

cheese plant n.  = SWISS CHEESE PLANT 

cheese-skipper n.  = CHEESE-FLY 

cheese straw n.  a thin cheese-flavoured strip of pastry 干酪酥条

cheesewood /ˈtʃi:zwʊd/ n.  1  an Australian tree of the genus Pittosporum 二色海桐花(海桐花属乔木，产于澳大利亚) 2  its hard yellowish wood 二色海桐花木材

cheesy /ˈtʃi:zi/ adj. (cheesier, cheesiest)  1  like cheese in taste, smell, appearance, etc. 似干酪的，干酪味的 2 slang  corny, tacky [俚语]过时的，讨厌的 □ cheesiness  n.  

cheetah /ˈtʃi:tə/ n.  a swift-running feline, Acinonyx jubatus, with a leopard-like spotted coat 猎豹(一种善于奔跑的猫科动物，身上有豹一样的花斑) [Hindi cītɑˉ, perhaps from Sanskrit citraka ‘speckled’]

chef /ʃef/ n.  a cook, esp. the chief cook in a restaurant etc. 厨师(尤指餐馆里的厨师长) [French, = head]

chef-d'œuvre /ʃɛiˈdɜ:vr(ə), 法 ʃɛdœvr/ n. (pl. chefs-d'œuvre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a masterpiece 杰作 [French, = chief (piece of) work]

cheiro- comb. form var.  of CHIRO- [构词成分] CHIRO- 的变体

Chekhovian /tʃeˈkəʊviən/ adj.  of or characteristic of the work of Anton Chekhov (d. 1904), esp. in attaching dramatic and symbolic significance to detail (俄国作家)契诃夫式的；契诃夫作品风格的

chela1 /ˈki:lə/ n. (pl. chelae /-li:/)  a prehensile claw of crabs, lobsters, scorpions, etc. (蟹、龙虾、蝎等的)钳爪，螯 [modern Latin from Latin chele, or Greek khēlē ‘claw’]

chela2 /ˈtʃeilə/ n. (pl. chelas) (esp. in Hinduism) a disciple; a pupil (尤指印度教的)弟子，门徒 [Hindi, = servant]

chelate /ˈki:leit/ n., adj. & v. ●n. Chem.  a usu. organometallic compound containing a ligand which bonds to a central atom at two or more points 【化】螯合物 ●adj.  1 Chem.  of, involving, or able to form a chelate 【化】螯合的，螯形的 2 Zool. & Anat.  of or having chelae 【动】【解】似螯的；有螯的 ●v. intr. Chem.  form a chelate 【化】使生成螯合物 □ chelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [CHELA1 + -ATE1’2]

chelicerate /kəˈlisəreit, -(ə)rət/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the subphylum Chelicerata of arthropods with a pair of appendages modified as pincer-like jaws 螯肢的；有螯肢的(指有螯肢亚门动物身体前部的一对钳状附器) ●n.  a chelicerate anthropod, e.g. an arachnid 有螯肢的节肢动物(如蛛形纲动物) [modern Latin Chelicerata, from Greek khēlē ‘claw’ + keras ‘horn’ + -ATE1]

Chellean /ˈʃeliən/ adj. Archaeol. 【考古】  = ABBEVILLIAN  [French chelléen from Chelles near Paris]

chelonian /kiˈləʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any reptile of the order Chelonia, including turtles, terrapins, and tortoises, having a shell of bony plates covered with horny scales 海龟，乌龟(龟鳖目爬行动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 海龟的，海龟科的 [modern Latin Chelonia from Greek khelōnē ‘tortoise’]

Chelsea bun /ˈtʃelsi/ n. Brit.  a kind of currant bun in the form of a flat spiral [英] (涂糖霜的)切尔西葡萄干圆面包 [Chelsea in London]

Chelsea pensioner /ˈtʃelsi/ n. (in the UK) an inmate of the Chelsea Royal Hospital for old or disabled soldiers (英国)切尔西皇家老残军人休养院的养老者

Chelsea ware /ˈtʃelsi/ n.  any of various soft-paste porcelains made at Chelsea in the 18th c. (18 世纪烧制的)切尔西瓷器

chemi- /ˈkemi/ comb. form var.  of CHEMO- [构词成分] CHEMO- 的变体

chemical /ˈkemik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, made by, or employing chemistry or chemicals 化学的；用化学品制作的；采用化学方法的 ●n.  a substance obtained or used in chemistry 化学制品，化学品 □ chemically  adv.   [chemic ‘alchemic’, via French chimique or modern Latin chimicus, chymicus from medieval Latin alchymicus: see ALCHEMY]

chemical bond n.  an interaction by which atoms are held together in a molecule or crystal 化学键

chemical engineer n.  an engineer specializing in the design and operation of industrial chemical plants 化学工程师 □ chemical engineering  n.  

chemical reaction n.  a process that involves change in the structure of atoms, molecules, or ions 化学反应

chemical warfare n.  warfare using poison gas and other chemicals 化学战争

chemical weapon n.  a weapon depending for its effect on the release of a toxic or noxious substance 化学武器

chemico- /ˈkemikəʊ/ comb. form  chemical; chemical and (chemico-physical 化学及物理学的) [构词成分]化学的；化学及…的

chemiluminescence /ˌkemiˌlu:miˈnes(ə)ns, -ˌlju:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  the emission of light during a chemical reaction 化学发光(化学反应过程中放射出的光) □ chemiluminescent  adj.   [German Chemilumineszenz (as CHEMI-, LUMINESCENCE)]

chemin de fer /ʃəˌmã də ˈfɛə/ n.  a form of baccarat 一种巴卡拉纸牌游戏 [French, = railway, literally ‘road of iron’]

chemise /ʃəˈmi:z/ n.  a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders 女式无袖宽内衣；(直筒式)宽松连衣裙 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin camisia ‘shirt’]

chemisorption /kemiˈsɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.  adsorption by chemical bonding 化学吸附 [CHEMI- + ADSORPTION (see ADSORB)]

chemist /ˈkemist/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a dealer in medicinal drugs, usu. also selling other medical goods and toiletries 药商(通常兼营其他药品和化妆品)b  an authorized dispenser of medicines 药剂师 2  a person practising or trained in chemistry 化学家，化学师 [earlier chymist, via French chimiste from modern Latin chimista, from alchimista ALCHEMIST (see ALCHEMY)]

chemistry /ˈkemistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study of the elements and the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo 化学 2  the chemical composition and properties of a substance (物质的)化学组成(或特性) 3  any complex (esp. emotional) change or process (尤指情感)复杂的变化(或过程)  the chemistry of fear  恐惧的复杂过程 4 colloq. [口]  a  a person's personality or temperament (人的)气质，性格，特质b  the attraction or interaction between people 人际感情，(人与人之间的)吸引力

chemo- /ˈki:məʊ, ˈkeməʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 chemi- /ˈkemi/)  chemical [构词成分]化学的

chemoreceptor /ˈki:məʊriseptə/ n. Biol.  a sensory organ responsive to chemical stimuli 【生】化学感受器(指人体内能够接受化学刺激物的受体，如末梢神经、感知器官等)

chemosynthesis /ki:mə(ʊ)ˈsinθisis/ n.  the synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical reactions (有机化合物的)化学合成

chemotherapy /ki:mə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi, kem-/ n.  the treatment of disease, esp. cancer, by use of chemical substances (尤指使用化学物质对癌症的)化学疗法，化学治疗 □ chemotherapist  n.  

chemurgy /ˈkemɜ:dʒi/ n. US  the chemical and industrial use of organic raw materials [美]农业化工，农产制造化学 □ chemurgic  /-ˈmɜ:dʒik/ adj.   [CHEMO-, after metallurgy]

chenille /ʃəˈni:l/ n.  1  a tufty velvety cord or yarn, used in trimming furniture etc. (装饰家具等使用的)绳绒线，雪尼尔花线 2  fabric made from this 绳绒织物 [French, = hairy caterpillar, from Latin canicula, diminutive of canis ‘dog’]

cheongsam /tʃiɒŋˈsæm, tʃɒŋ-/ n.  a woman's garment with a high neck and slit skirt, worn in China 旗袍 [Chinese]

cheque /tʃek/ n. (US [美] check)  1  a written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from the drawer's account 支票 2  the printed form on which such an order is written (印制的)空白支票 [special use of CHECK1 to mean ‘device for checking the amount of an item’]

chequebook /ˈtʃekbʊk/ n.  a book of forms for writing cheques 支票簿

chequebook journalism n.  the payment of large sums for exclusive rights to material for (esp. personal) newspaper stories 支票簿新闻报防(指支付一大笔钱买下独家使用新闻故事素材的权利)

cheque card n. Brit.  a card issued by a bank to guarantee the honouring of cheques up to a stated amount [英] (银行)支票保付限额卡

chequer /ˈtʃekə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 checker) ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a pattern of squares often alternately coloured (交错颜色的)方格图案 2 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. as 通常作 checkers) US  the game of draughts [美]跳棋，西洋跳棋 ●v. tr.  1  mark with chequers 使呈方格图案 2  variegate; break the uniformity of 使色彩斑斓；使交错，使多样化 3 (as 作 chequered adj.)  with varied fortunes 好运与噩运交替的  a chequered career  荣辱兴衰的事业 [Middle English from EXCHEQUER]

chequerboard /ˈtʃekəbɔ:d/ n. (US [美] checkerboard)  1  a chessboard 象棋棋盘；西洋跳棋棋盘 2  a pattern resembling it 棋盘式图案

chequered flag n. Motor Racing  a flag with a black and white chequered pattern, displayed to drivers at the moment of finishing a race 【赛车】方格旗(在一场比赛结束时向赛车手展示的一面有黑白两色方格图案的旗子)

Cherenkov radiation var.  of CERENKOV RADIATION  CERENKOV RADIATION 的变体

cherish /ˈtʃeriʃ/ v. tr.  1  protect or tend (a child, plant, etc.) lovingly 珍爱，爱护(孩子、植物等) 2  hold dear, cling to (hopes, feelings, etc.) 珍视；抱有(希望、感情等) [Middle English from Old French cherir, from cher, from Latin carus ‘dear’]

chernozem /ˈtʃɜ:nəzem/ n.  a fertile black soil rich in humus, found in temperate regions, esp. S. Russia Also called 亦称作 black earth 黑钙土(尤指俄罗斯南部温带地区的土壤) [Russian, from chernyĭ ‘black’ + zemlya ‘earth’]

Cherokee /tʃerəˈki:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an American Indian tribe formerly inhabiting much of the southern US 彻罗基部落(原居住于美国南方大部分地区)b  a member of this tribe 彻罗基人 2  the language of this tribe 彻罗基语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cherokees or their language 彻罗基人的；彻罗基语的 [Cherokee tsaliki]

Cherokee rose n.  a fragrant white rose, Rosa laevigata, of the southern US 金樱子(产于美国南部的一种芳香的白玫瑰花)

cheroot /ʃəˈru:t/ n.  a cigar with both ends open 方头雪茄烟 [French cheroute from Tamil shuruttu ‘roll’]

cherry /ˈtʃeri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a small soft round stone fruit 樱桃b (also 亦作 cherry tree)  any of several trees of the genus Prunus bearing this or grown for their ornamental flowers 樱桃树(樱桃属植物，结樱桃或仅开花供观赏) 2  = CHERRYWOOD  3 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  virginity 处女，童贞b  the hymen 处女膜 4  a bright deep red colour 樱桃色，鲜红色 ●adj.  of a bright deep red colour 樱桃色的，鲜红色的 [Middle English via Old Norman French cherise (taken as pl.: cf. PEA) from medieval Latin ceresia, perhaps via Latin from Greek kerasos]

cherry brandy n.  a dark red liqueur of brandy in which cherries have been steeped 樱桃白兰地

cherry laurel n. Brit.  a small evergreen tree, Prunus laurocerasus, with white flowers and cherry-like fruits [英]桂樱(一种矮小的月桂樱属常青树木，开白花，果实像樱桃)

cherry-pick v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  pick (the best) from a group (从一组中)挑选(最优者)

cherry picker n. colloq.  a hydraulic crane with a railed platform at the end, for raising and lowering people working on overhead lighting, cables, high windows, etc. [口]移动升降台，樱桃式起重机(用于运送工人修理高空电灯、电缆、窗户等)

cherry pie n.  1  a pie made with cherries 樱桃馅饼 2  a garden heliotrope 天芥菜；柳叶菜

cherry plum n.  1  a tree, Prunus cerasifera, native to SW Asia, with solitary white flowers and red fruits 樱桃李树(樱桃属植物，原产地为亚洲西南部地区，开单生白花，结红色果实) 2  the fruit of this tree 樱桃李

cherry red n. & adj. ●n.  = CHERRYn. 4  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  = CHERRYadj. 

cherry tomato n.  a miniature tomato with a strong flavour 樱桃西红柿

cherrywood /ˈtʃeriwʊd/ n.  the wood of the cherry 樱桃木

chersonese /kɜ:səˈni:s, -z/ n.  a peninsula, esp. the Thracian peninsula west of the Hellespont 半岛(尤指 Hellespont 西部的 Thracian 半岛) [Latin chersonesus from Greek khersonēsos, from khersos ‘dry’ + nēsos ‘island’]

chert /tʃɜ:t/ n.  a flintlike form of quartz composed of chalcedony 燧石，黑硅石 □ cherty  adj.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

cherub /ˈtʃerəb/ n.  1 (pl. cherubim /-bim/)  an angelic being of the second order of the celestial hierarchy 二级天使(九级天使中的第二级) 2  a  a representation of a winged child or the head of a winged child 小天使(有翅膀的孩子的塑像或头像)b  a beautiful or innocent child 美丽的儿童；天真的儿童 □ cherubic  /tʃiˈru:bik/ adj.  □ cherubically  /tʃiˈru:bik(ə)li/ adv.   [Old English cherubin, ultimately from Hebrew kĕrūb, pl. kĕrūbîm]

chervil /ˈtʃɜ:vil/ n.  an umbelliferous plant, Anthriscus cerefolium, with small white flowers, used as a herb for flavouring soup, salads, etc. 雪维菜，细叶芹菜(伞形科植物，开白色小花，用作汤汁、色拉等的调味品) [Old English cerfille via Latin chaerephylla from Greek khairephullon]

Cheryl /ˈtʃerəl/   谢里尔 [人名]

Ches. abbr. [缩略]  Cheshire 

Cheshire /ˈtʃeʃə/ n.  a kind of firm crumbly cheese, originally made in Cheshire 柴郡干酪 □ like a Cheshire cat   with a broad fixed grin (像柴郡猫一样)咧着嘴傻笑 [Cheshire, a county in England]

chess /tʃes/ n.  a game for two with 16 men each, played on a chessboard 国际象棋 [Middle English from Old French esches, pl. of eschec CHECK1]

chessboard /ˈtʃesbɔ:d/ n.  a chequered board of 64 squares on which chess and draughts are played 国际象棋棋盘；西洋跳棋棋盘

chessman /ˈtʃesmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  any of the 32 pieces and pawns with which chess is played 国际象棋棋子

chess set n.  a set of chessmen with a chessboard (带棋盘的)一套棋子

chest /tʃest/ n.  1  a large strong box, esp. for storage or transport (尤指存放或运输物品的)大箱子，柜子，盒子 2  a  the part of a human or animal body enclosed by the ribs (人或动物的)胸，胸腔b  the circumference of the body at chest level 胸围c  the front surface of the body from neck to waist 胸部，前胸 3  a small cabinet for medicines etc. 药箱 4 Brit. [英]  a  the treasury or financial resources of an institution (社会公共机构的)金库，公款b  the money available from it (金库中的)资金 □ get a thing off one's chest  colloq.  disclose a fact, secret, etc., to relieve one's anxiety about it [口]把(事实、秘密等)倾吐出来□ play (one's cards, a thing, etc.) close to one's chest  colloq.  be cautious or secretive about [口]对某事小心谨慎，把某事藏在心间□ -chested  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English cest, cyst via Germanic and Latin from Greek kistē]

chesterfield /ˈtʃestəfi:ld/ n.  1  a sofa with arms and back of the same height and curved outwards at the top 坐卧两用长沙发 2  a man's plain overcoat usu. with a velvet collar 天鹅绒领大衣；软领大衣 [named after 19th-c. Earl of Chesterfield]

chest freezer n.  a freezer shaped like a chest (see 见 CHEST 1), opening at the top (顶部开门的)箱式冰柜

chestnut /ˈtʃesnʌt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 chestnut tree)  a  the tree Castanea sativa, bearing flowers in catkins and nuts enclosed in a spiny fruit ; also called 亦称作 Spanish chestnut or sweet chestnut 栗树(板栗属果树，其花为柔荑花序，其坚果包在一层带刺的肉质果内)b  any other tree of the genus Castanea (其他品种的)栗树 2  the glossy hard brown edible nut of Castanea sativa 栗子 3  = HORSE CHESTNUT  4 (in full 全称 chestnut wood)  the heavy wood of any chestnut tree 栗木 5  a horse of a reddish-brown or yellowish-brown colour 栗色马，红棕马 6 colloq.  a stale joke or anecdote [口]陈词滥调，陈腐的笑话(或故事) 7  a small hard patch on a horse's leg 马腿内侧的角质胼胝 8 (in full 全称 chestnut brown)  a reddish-brown colour 栗色，红棕色 ●adj. (in full 全称 chestnut brown; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of the colour chestnut 栗色的，红棕色的 [obsolete chesten via Old French chastaine and Latin castanea from Greek kastanea]

chest of drawers n.  a piece of furniture consisting of a set of drawers in a frame 五斗橱

chest voice n.  the lowest register of the voice in singing or speaking 胸声，低音歌声

chesty /ˈtʃesti/ adj. (chestier, chestiest)  1 Brit. colloq.  inclined to or symptomatic of chest disease [英口]易患肺部疾病的，有肺病症状的 2 colloq.  having a large chest or prominent breasts [口]胸部发达的；(女人)乳房突出的 3 N. Amer. slang  arrogant [北美] [俚语]骄傲的，自负的 □ chestily  adv.  □ chestiness  n.  

chetnik /ˈtʃetnik/ n. hist.  a member of a guerrilla force in the Balkans, esp. during the First and Second World Wars [史义] (第一、二次世界大战中巴尔干半岛各国的)游击队员 [Serbian četnik from četa ‘band, troop’]

cheval glass /ʃəˈvæl/ n.  a tall mirror swung on an upright frame (装在直立支架上可以转动的)穿衣镜 [French cheval ‘horse, frame’]

chevalier /ʃevəˈliə/ n.  1  a  a member of certain orders of knighthood, and of modern French orders, as the Legion of Honour (法史)勋爵，(现代法国)荣誉勋位的成员b archaic or hist.  a knight [古义] [史义]骑士 2 (作 Chevalier) Brit. hist.  the title of the Old and Young Pretenders [英史义]觊觎王位者(对詹姆士二世的儿子和孙子们称呼) 3  a chivalrous man; a cavalier 对女人献殷勤者；贵妇人的侍从 [Middle English via Anglo-French chevaler, Old French chevalier from medieval Latin caballarius, from Latin caballus ‘horse’: cf. CABALLERO, CAVALIER]

chevet /ʃəˈvei/ n.  the apsidal end of a church, sometimes with an attached group of apses (教堂东面的)半圆形(或多角形)拱顶附属建筑 [French, = pillow, from Latin capitium, from caput ‘head’]

Cheviot /ˈtʃeviət/ n.  1  a  a large sheep of a breed with short thick wool 雪福特羊(其羊毛短而粗)b  this breed (羊)雪福特品种 2 (作 cheviot)  the wool or cloth obtained from this breed 雪福特羊毛；粗纺厚呢 [Cheviot Hills in N. England and Scotland where the sheep were bred]

chevron /ˈʃevrən/ n.  1  a badge in a V shape on the sleeve of a uniform indicating rank or length of service (表示军人、警察衔级或服役期的) V 形臂章 2 Heraldry & Archit.  a bent bar of an inverted V shape 【纹章学】人字形标识；【建】锯齿形花饰 3  any V-shaped line or stripe V 形线(或条纹) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin caper ‘goat’: cf. Latin capreoli (diminutive of caper) used to mean ‘pair of rafters’]

chevrotain /ˈʃevrətein/ n. (also 亦作 chevrotin /-tin/)  any small deerlike animal of the family Tragulidae, native to Africa and SE Asia, and having small tusks Also called 亦称作 mouse deer 鼷鹿，鼠鹿(鼷鹿科动物，原产地为非洲和东南亚，口两侧有小獠牙) [French, diminutive of Old French chevrot, diminutive of chèvre ‘goat’]

chevy var.  of CHIVVY  CHIVVY 的变体

chew /tʃu:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  work (food etc.) between the teeth; crush or indent with the teeth 嚼，咀嚼；嚼碎(食物等) ●n.  1  an act of chewing 咀嚼 2  something for chewing, esp. a chewy sweet 咀嚼物(尤指口香糖) □ chew the cud   reflect, ruminate 深思，反复思考；(牛、羊等)反刍□ chew the fat (or rag)  slang [俚语]  1  chat 闲聊 2  grumble 咕哝，发牢骚□ chew on   1  work continuously between the teeth (叼在牙间)玩味  chewed on a piece of string  叼着一根细绳玩 2  think about; meditate on 考虑；沉思□ chew out  N. Amer. colloq.  reprimand [北美口]严厉责骂□ chew over   1  discuss, talk over 讨论，商谈 2  think about; meditate on 考虑；沉思□ chewable  adj.  □ chewer  n.   [Old English cēowan]

chewing gum n.  flavoured gum, esp. chicle, for chewing 口香糖，(尤指)胶姆糖

chewy /ˈtʃu:i/ adj. (chewier, chewiest)  1  needing much chewing (食物等)需要多嚼的，难嚼的 2  suitable for chewing 适合于咀嚼的 □ chewiness  n.  

Cheyenne /ʃaiˈæn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an American Indian tribe formerly living between the Missouri and Arkansas rivers 沙伊安部落(原居住于美国密苏里河与阿肯色河之间的印第安部落)b  a member of this tribe 沙伊安人 2  the language of this tribe 沙伊安语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Cheyennes or their language 沙伊安人的；沙伊安语的 [Canadian French from Sioux Sahiyena]

Cheyne-Stokes /tʃeinˈstəʊks/ adj. Med.  designating a breathing cycle involving a gradual decrease of movement to a complete stop, followed by a gradual increase 【医】切恩－斯托克司呼吸，潮式呼吸 [named after J. Cheyne, Scots physician d. 1836, and W. Stokes, Irish physician d. 1878]

chez /ʃei/ prep.  at the house or home of 在…的家里 [French from Old French chiese from Latin casa ‘cottage’]

chi /kai/ n.  the twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet (X, χ) 希腊文字母表中的第 22 个字母 (X, χ) [Middle English from Greek khi]

Chianti /kiˈænti/ n. (pl. Chiantis)  a dry red Italian wine (意大利)基安蒂干红葡萄酒 [Chianti, an area in Tuscany, Italy]

chiaroscuro /kiˌɑ:rəˈskʊərəʊ/ n.  1  the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting (绘画中的)明暗对照法 2  the use of contrast in literature etc. (文学等的)对比法 3 (作 attrib.)  half-revealed 若隐若现的，半隐半显的 [Italian from chiaro ‘CLEAR’ + oscuro ‘dark, OBSCURE’]

chiasma /kaiˈæzmə, ki-/ n. (pl. chiasmata /-tə/) Biol.  the point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact after crossing over during meiosis 【生】(染色体的)交叉点 [modern Latin from Greek chiasma ‘a cross-shaped mark’]

chiasmus /kaiˈæzməs, ki-/ n.  inversion in the second of two parallel phrases of the order followed in the first (e.g. 如 to stop too fearful and too faint to go 因过度恐惧而停了下来，又因过分怯懦而不敢前进) 交错配列(一种修辞手段，即在两个平行短语中，第二个短语的词序正好与第一个短语词序的颠倒) □ chiastic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek khiasmos ‘crosswise arrangement’, from khiazō ‘mark with letter CHI’]

chibouk /tʃiˈbu:k/ n. (also 亦作 chibouque)  a long Turkish tobacco pipe 土耳其长烟管 [Turkish çubuk ‘tube’]

chic /ʃi:k/ adj. & n. ●adj. (chic-er, chic-est)  stylish, elegant (in dress or appearance) (穿着或外表)时髦的，漂亮的，雅致的 ●n.  stylishness, elegance 时髦，漂亮，雅致 □ chicly  adv.   [French]

Chicago /ʃiˈkɑ:gəu/ n.  芝加哥 [美国城市]

chicane /ʃiˈkein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificial barrier or obstacle, esp. a sharp double bend, on a motor-racing track 人造障碍物 , (尤指)赛车道上设置的障碍(或急转弯) 2 Bridge  a hand without trumps, or without cards of one suit 【桥牌】没有王牌的一手牌；没有同色花的一组牌 3  chicanery 诡计；诡辩；诈骗 ●v. archaic [古义]  1 intr.  use chicanery 施诡计；对…进行诡辩 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of, etc.)  cheat (a person) 欺骗(某人)，诈骗 [French chicane(r) ‘quibble’]

chicanery /ʃiˈkeinəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  clever but misleading talk; a false argument 诡辩；遁词 2  trickery, deception 诡计；诈骗 [French chicanerie (as CHICANE)]

Chicano /tʃiˈkɑ:nəʊ, ʃi-, -ˈkein-/ n. (pl. -os; fem. Chicana /-nə/) esp. US  an American of Mexican origin [尤美]奇卡诺人(墨西哥裔美国人) [Spanish mejicano ‘Mexican’]

chichi /ˈʃi:ʃi:/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a thing) frilly, showy (指事物)装饰精美的，过分艳丽的 2 (of a person or behaviour) fussy, affected (指人或行为)过分注重细节的，矫揉造作的 ●n.  1  over-refinement, pretentiousness, fussiness 故作风雅，自命不凡，小题大做 2  a frilly, showy, or pretentious object 过分艳丽(或虚饰的)事物 [French]

chick1 /tʃik/ n.  1  a young bird, esp. one newly hatched (尤指刚刚孵出的)小鸟 2 slang [俚语]  a  a young woman 少妇，年轻女子b  a child 小孩 [Middle English: shortening of CHICKEN]

chick2 /tʃik/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a screen for a doorway etc., made from split bamboo and twine [印英]竹门帘，竹帘子 [Hindi chik]

chickadee /ˈtʃikədi:/ n. N. Amer.  any of various small birds of the tit family [北美]山雀，无冠山雀(山雀属鸟类) [imitative]

chicken /ˈtʃikin/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a domestic fowl, esp. a young bird 家禽，鸡(尤指小鸡) 2  a  a domestic fowl prepared as food (供食用的)肉鸡b  its flesh 鸡肉 3  a youthful person; a young and inexperienced person Cf. 参见 SPRING CHICKEN 未成熟的人；涉世未深的年轻人 usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用 : is no chicken  已经不年轻了 4 colloq.  a children's pastime testing courage, usu. recklessly [口] (通常指儿童鲁莽的)胆量比试 ●adj. colloq.  cowardly [口]胆小的，畏缩的 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 out) colloq.  withdraw from or fail in some activity through fear or lack of nerve [口]因缺乏勇气而畏缩；因胆怯而放弃 [Old English cīcen, cyˉcen, from Germanic]

chicken-and-egg attrib. adj.  designating an unresolved question as to which of two things caused the other 鸡与蛋孰先孰后难定的，因果难定的  it's a chicken-and-egg problem  这是一个因果难定的问题

chicken brick n. Brit.  an earthenware container in two halves for roasting a chicken in its own juices [英] (烤鸡用的一种)陶器

chicken cholera n.  an infectious disease of fowls 鸡霍乱

chicken feed n.  1  food for poultry 鸡食，鸡饲料 2 colloq.  an unimportant amount, esp. of money [口]小额款项

chicken-hearted adj. (also 亦作 chicken-livered)  easily frightened; lacking nerve or courage 胆小的，怯懦的

chickenpox /ˈtʃikinpɒks/ n.  an infectious disease, esp. of children, with a rash of small blisters Also called 亦称作 varicella 水痘(一种儿童传染病)

chicken wire n.  a light wire netting with a hexagonal mesh 轻质六角形网眼铁丝网(常作鸡笼或篱笆)

chickpea /ˈtʃikpi:/ n.  1  a leguminous plant, Cicer arietinum, with short swollen pods containing yellow beaked seeds 鹰嘴豆(豆科植物，豆荚短而鼓，豆粒黄色，呈鸟喙状) 2  this seed used as a vegetable (作蔬菜用的)鹰嘴豆 [originally ciche pease from Latin cicer ‘chickpea’: see PEASE]

chickweed /ˈtʃikwi:d/ n.  any of numerous small plants of the pink family, esp. Stellaria media, a garden weed with slender stems and tiny white flowers 卷耳，繁缕(石竹科植物，生长在花园中，茎细，开小白花)

chicle /ˈtʃik(ə)l, -kli/ n.  the milky juice of the sapodilla tree, used in the manufacture of chewing gum 糖胶树胶(用于制作口香糖) [Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl tzietli]

chicory /ˈtʃik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a blue-flowered plant, Cichorium intybus (daisy family), cultivated for its salad leaves and its root 菊苣(人工栽培菊科植物，开蓝色花，叶和根均可食) 2  its root, roasted and ground for use with or instead of coffee 菊苣根(焙烤研磨后可作咖啡的代用品) 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = ENDIVE  [Middle English via obsolete French cicorée ‘endive’, medieval Latin cic(h)orea, and Latin cichorium from Greek kikhorion]

chide /tʃaid/ v. tr. & intr. (past chided or chid /tʃid/; past part. chided or chidden /ˈtʃid(ə)n/) esp. archaic or literary  scold, rebuke [尤古义] [文学用语]责怪，责骂 □ chider  n.  □ chidingly  adv.   [Old English cīdan, of unknown origin]

chief /tʃi:f/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a leader or ruler 首领，领袖；长官b  the head of a tribe, clan, etc. 酋长，家族长 2  the head of a department; the highest official 主任；(组织或部门的)职务最高的官员 3 Heraldry  the upper third of a shield 【纹章学】纹章上段的图记 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  first in position, importance, influence, etc. 主要的，首要的，总的  chief engineer  总工程师 2  prominent, leading 杰出的，为首的 □ chiefdom  n.  首领的地位，领袖的职务 [Middle English from Old French ch(i)ef, ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’]

Chief Constable n. Brit.  the head of the police force of a county or other region [英] (郡县或地区的)警察局长

chiefly /ˈtʃi:fli/ adv.  above all; mainly but not exclusively 首先；主要地，大部分

Chief of Staff n.  the senior staff officer of a service or command (军队的)参谋长

Chief Rabbi n.  the religious head of the Jewish communities in Britain 首席拉比(英国犹太社区的宗教领袖)

chieftain /ˈtʃi:ft(ə)n, -tin/ n. (fem. chieftainess /-nis/)  the leader of a tribe, clan, etc. 酋长；家族长 □ chieftaincy  /-si/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ chieftainship  n.   [Middle English via Old French chevetaine from Late Latin capitaneus CAPTAIN: assimilated to CHIEF]

chief technician n.  a non-commissioned officer in the RAF ranking above sergeant (非任命的皇家空军)技术士

chiffchaff /ˈtʃiftʃæf/ n.  a small European warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with a distinctive repetitive song 棕柳莺(欧洲刺嘴莺科鸣禽) [imitative]

chiffon /ˈʃifɒn/ n. & adj. ●n.  a light diaphanous fabric of silk, nylon, etc. 雪纺绸，薄绸 ●adj.  1  made of chiffon 用雪纺绸制作的 2 (of a pie filling, dessert, etc.) light-textured (馅饼的馅、甜点心等)松软的 [French from chiffe ‘rag’]

chiffonier /ʃifəˈniə/ n.  1  a movable low cupboard with a sideboard top (上部为餐具柜的)可移动食橱 2 US  a tall chest of drawers [美]带镜高五斗橱 [French chiffonnier, -ière ‘ragpicker, chest of drawers for odds and ends’]

chigger /ˈtʃiɡə/ n. (also 亦作 jigger /ˈdʒiɡə/)  1  a tropical flea, Tunga penetrans, the females of which burrow beneath the skin causing painful sores Also called 亦称作 chigoe, sand flea 穿皮潜蚤(一种热带潜蚤属跳蚤，其雌性蚤躲藏在皮肤下面，会造成溃疡) 2 US  a harvest mite [美]秋螨，恙螨 [variant of CHIGOE]

chignon /ˈʃi:njɒ˜/ n.  a coil or mass of hair at the back of a woman's head (女人脑后的)发髻 [French, originally = nape of the neck]

chigoe /ˈtʃiɡəʊ/ n.  = CHIGGER 1  [from a W. African language]

chihuahua /tʃiˈwɑ:wə/ n.  1  a very small dog of a smooth-haired large-eyed breed originating in Mexico 奇瓦瓦小狗(一种墨西哥小狗，毛光滑，大眼睛) 2  this breed 奇瓦瓦狗 [Chihuahua, state and city in Mexico]

chilblain /ˈtʃilblein/ n.  a painful itching swelling of the skin usu. on a hand, foot, etc., caused by exposure to cold and by poor circulation (通常手脚等上的)冻疮 □ chilblained  adj.   [CHILL + BLAIN]

child /tʃaild/ n. (pl. children /ˈtʃildr(ə)n/)  1  a  a young human being below the age of puberty 小孩，儿童b  an unborn or newborn human being 胎儿，婴儿 2  one's son or daughter (at any age) 子女，孩子(可指任何年龄) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a descendant, follower, adherent, or product of 后代，子孙；追随者；产物  children of Israel  以色列的后代 child of God  上帝的子孙 child of nature  大自然的产物 4  a childish person 孩子气的人，幼稚的人 □ childless  adj.  □ childlessness  n.   [Old English cild]

child abuse n.  maltreatment of a child, esp. by physical violence or sexual molestation 虐待儿童，摧残儿童(尤指体罚或性骚扰)

child allowance n.  1  = CHILD BENEFIT  2 hist. (in the UK) a tax allowance granted to parents of dependent children [史义] (英国) (子女尚未成年的父母)所得税减免额

childbearing /ˈtʃail(d)bɛəriŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  giving birth to a child or children 分娩，生孩子

childbed /ˈtʃail(d)bed/ n. archaic [古义]  = CHILDBIRTH 

child benefit n. (in the UK) regular payment by the state to the parents of a child up to a certain age (英国)儿童津贴(由政府定期发给一定年龄以下儿童的父母)

childbirth /ˈtʃail(d)bɜ:θ/ n.  the act of giving birth to a child 分娩，生孩子

childcare /ˈtʃail(d)kɛə/ n.  the care of a child or children, esp. by a crèche or childminder while parents are working, or Brit. by a local authority when a normal home life is lacking 儿童保育(尤指由日托托儿所或保育员照看)；[英] (地方当局对无法过正常家庭生活儿童的)儿童照管

child-centred adj.  focusing on the interests, needs, etc. of the child 以儿童(利益、需求等)为中心的

Childe /tʃaild/ n. archaic  a youth of noble birth [古义]公子，少爷  Childe Harold  哈罗德少爷 [variant of CHILD]

Childermas /ˈtʃildəmæs/ n. archaic  the feast of the Holy Innocents, 28 Dec [古义] (基督教)悼婴节 (12 月 28 日) [Old English cildramœsse, from cildra, genitive pl. of cild CHILD + mœsse MASS]

childhood /ˈtʃaildhʊd/ n.  the state or period of being a child 童年，幼年 [Old English cildhɑˉd]

childish /ˈtʃaildiʃ/ adj.  1  of, like, or proper to a child 孩子的；孩子般的；适合于孩子的 2  immature, silly 幼稚的；愚蠢的 □ childishly  adv.  □ childishness  n.  

childlike /ˈtʃail(d)laik/ adj.  having the good qualities of a child such as innocence, frankness, etc. 孩子般的，童稚的；天真的，坦率的

childminder /ˈtʃail(d)maində/ n. Brit.  a person who looks after children for payment, strictly speaking a person registered with the local authority to give paid daytime care in his or her own home for children under eight [英]保育员，代人照看孩子者

child molester n.  a person who sexually abuses a child 猥亵孩子者

childproof /ˈtʃail(d)pru:f/ adj.  that cannot be damaged or operated by a child 能防止孩子胡乱摸弄的，不会被孩子弄坏的

children pl.  of CHILD  CHILD 的复数

child's play n.  an easy task 易如反掌的事情

Chile   智利

chile var.  of CHILLI  CHILLI 的变体

Chilean /ˈtʃiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Chile in S. America 智利人 2  a person of Chilean descent 智利裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Chile 智利的；智利人的

Chile pine /ˈtʃili/ n.  a monkey-puzzle tree 智利南美杉

Chile saltpetre /ˈtʃili/ n. (also 亦作 Chile nitre)  naturally occurring sodium nitrate 智利硝石，天然钠硝石

chili var.  of CHILLI  CHILLI 的变体

chiliad /ˈkiliæd/ n.  1  a thousand 一千 2  a thousand years 一千年 [Late Latin chilias chiliad- from Greek khilias -ados]

chiliast /ˈkiliæst/ n.  = MILLENARIANn.  □ chiliasm  n.   [Late Latin chiliastes from Greek khiliasmos: see CHILIAD]

chiliastic /kiliˈæstik/ adj.  relating to or believing in a future period of happiness, prosperity, and ideal or divine government (cf. 参见 MILLENARIAN) 千禧年主义的(相信太平盛世即将到来的)

chill /tʃil/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an unpleasant cold sensation; lowered body temperature 风寒；寒战b  a feverish cold 感冒发烧  catch a chill  着凉 2  unpleasant coldness (of air, water, etc.) (空气、水等)寒冷；寒气 3  a  a depressing influence 沮丧，消沉，扫兴  cast a chill over  使感到沮丧b  a feeling of fear or dread accompanied by coldness 寒心 4  coldness of manner 冷淡 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become cold 使变冷，使冷冻 2 tr.  a  depresse, dispirit 使沮丧，使扫兴，使消沉b  horrify, frighten 使恐惧，使害怕 3 tr.  cool (food or drink); preserve by cooling 冷冻(食品或饮料；) 冷藏 4 tr.  harden (molten metal) by contact with cold material 给(熔化金属)作激冷处理 5 intr. esp. N. Amer. colloq. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pass time idly, hang around [尤北美口]闲荡，消磨时间 ●adj. literary  chilly [文学用语]冷飕飕的 □ chill out  esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  relax; become less tense 放松一下 2  = sense 5 of v. 动词释义 5□ take the chill off   warm slightly 把…暖一暖□ chillingly  adv.  □ chillness  n.  □ chillsome  adj. literary [文学用语]   [Old English cele, ciele ‘cold, coldness’: in modern senses the verb is the oldest (Middle English)]

chiller /ˈtʃilə/ n.  1  = SPINE-CHILLER  2  a cold cabinet or refrigerator, esp. in a shop, garage, etc. (尤指商店里的)冷藏柜，冰箱

chill factor n.  the perceived lowering of the air temperature caused by the wind etc. 寒冷指数

chilli /ˈtʃili/ n. (also 亦作 chile, US [美] chili) (pl. chillies, chiles, or US [美] chilies)  1 (in full 全称 chilli pepper)  a small hot-tasting (dried) pod, usu. red or green, of a capsicum, Capsicum anuum, used in sauces, relishes, etc. (干)红辣椒 2  = CHILLI POWDER  3 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CHILLI CON CARNE  [Spanish chile, chili, from Nahuatl chilli]

chilli con carne /kɒn ˈkɑ:ni/ n.  a stew of chilli-flavoured minced beef and beans 辣味牛肉末炖菜豆 [Spanish, literally ‘chilli with meat’]

chilli powder n.  hot cayenne 辣椒粉

chilli sauce n.  a hot sauce made with tomatoes, chillies, and spices 辣味沙司，辣椒番茄酱

chilly /ˈtʃili/ adj. (chillier, chilliest)  1 (of the weather or an object) somewhat cold (天气或物体)相当冷的 2 (of a person or animal) feeling somewhat cold; sensitive to the cold (人或动物)感觉冷的；对风寒敏感的 3  unfriendly; unemotional 冷淡的；无动于衷的 □ chilliness  n.  

Chiltern Hundreds /ˌtʃilt(ə)n ˈhʌndrədz/ n. pl. (in the UK) a Crown manor, whose administration is a nominal office for which an MP applies as a way of resigning from the House of Commons (英国)奇尔特恩采邑(该采邑的执事为直属王室的虚职，众议院议员如欲辞职须先求得该采邑的职位) [Chiltern Hills in S. England]

chimaera var.  of CHIMERA  CHIMERA 的变体

chime1 /tʃaim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a set of attuned bells 编钟，排钟b  the series of sounds given by this (编钟的)钟声，钟乐c (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a set of attuned bells as a doorbell (作门铃用的)编钟 2  agreement, correspondence, harmony 协调，和谐，一致 ●v.  1  a intr. (of bells) ring (钟)鸣b tr.  sound (a bell or chime) by striking 敲钟；演奏排钟 2 tr.  show (the hour) by chiming 用钟声报(时) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together, with)  be in agreement, harmonize 协调，一致；合拍 □ chime in   1  interject a remark 插话，插嘴 2  join in harmoniously 融合，协调 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  agree with 相符，一致□ chimer  n.   [Middle English, probably from chym(b)e ‘bell’, via Old English cimbal and Latin cymbalum from Greek kumbalon CYMBAL]

chime2 /tʃaim/ n. (also 亦作 chimb)  the projecting rim at the end of a cask (木桶两端的)凸边 [Middle English, probably from an Old English form: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kimme]

chimera /kaiˈmiərə, ki-/ n. (also 亦作 chimaera)  1 (in Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail 喀迈拉(希腊神话中狮头、羊身、蛇尾的吐火女怪) 2  a fantastic or grotesque product of the imagination; a bogey 虚构的怪物；假想的鬼怪，幽灵 3  any fabulous beast with parts taken from various animals (由不同动物部位拼凑成的)怪兽 4 Biol. 【生】  a  an organism containing genetically different tissues, formed by fusion of early embryos, grafting, mutation, etc. 嵌合体b  a nucleic acid formed by laboratory manipulation (在实验室里制取的)核酸 5  any cartilaginous fish of the family Chimaeridae, usu. having erect pointed fins and a long tail 软骨鱼(银鲛科鱼类，通常有直立的尖鳍和长长的尾巴，如鲨鱼、银鲛鱼等) □ chimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ chimerical  /-ˈmerik(ə)l/ adj.  □ chimerically  /-ˈmerik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin, from Greek khimaira ‘she-goat, chimera’]

chimichanga /tʃimiˈtʃɑ:ŋɡə/ n.  a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling and deep-fried 油炸玉米粉圆馅饼 [Mexican Spanish, = ‘trinket’]

chimney /ˈtʃimni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a vertical channel conducting smoke or combustion gases etc. up and away from a fire, furnace, engine, etc. (火炉、发动机等的)烟囱，烟道 2  the part of this which projects above a roof 烟囱管(烟囱高出屋顶的部分) 3  a glass tube protecting the flame of a lamp (油灯的)玻璃灯罩 4  a narrow vertical crack in a rock face, often used by mountaineers to ascend (岩石间可供攀登的)管状裂缝 [Middle English via Old French cheminée and Late Latin caminata ‘having a fireplace’, via Latin caminus from Greek kaminos ‘oven’]

chimney breast n.  a projecting interior wall surrounding a chimney 壁炉腔

chimney piece n. Brit.  an ornamental structure around an open fireplace; a mantelpiece [英]壁炉面饰；壁炉架，壁炉台

chimney pot n.  an earthenware or metal pipe at the top of a chimney, narrowing the aperture and increasing the updraught 烟囱管帽(装在烟囱顶部的陶管或金属管)

chimney stack n.  1  a number of chimneys grouped in one structure (一座建筑中的)烟囱丛 2  = CHIMNEY 2 

chimney sweep n.  a person whose job is removing soot from inside chimneys 烟囱清扫工

chimp /tʃimp/ n. colloq. [口]  = CHIMPANZEE  [abbreviation]

chimpanzee /tʃimpænˈzi:/ n.  either of two anthropoid apes of central and W. Africa, Pan troglodytes and (in full 全称 pygmy chimpanzee) Pan paniscus 黑猩猩(产于中部和西部非洲的两种类人猿之一) [French chimpanzé from Kongo]

chin /tʃin/ n.  the front of the lower jaw 颊，下巴 □ chin up  colloq.  cheer up [口]振作起来□ keep one's chin up  colloq.  remain cheerful, esp. in adversity [口] (尤指在逆境中)不气馁，不灰心□ take on the chin   1  suffer a severe blow from (a misfortune etc.) 遭受(噩运的)残酷打击 2  endure courageously 勇敢地忍受痛苦(或惩罚)□ -chinned  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English cin(n), from Germanic]

China   中国

china /ˈtʃainə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a kind of fine white or translucent ceramic ware, porcelain, etc. 瓷器，陶器 2  things made from ceramic, esp. household tableware 瓷器用品(尤指餐具) 3 Brit. rhyming slang  one's ‘mate’, i.e. husband or wife (short for china plate) [英] [同韵俚语]配偶(即丈夫或妻子) (伙伴的缩略) ●adj.  made of china 瓷器的，瓷制的 [originally China ware (from China in Asia): the name is from Persian chīnī]

China aster n.  a Chinese plant, Callistephus chinensis, related to the asters, cultivated for its bright and showy flowers 翠菊(紫苑属植物，产于中国，人工栽培以收获其鲜艳的花朵)

china clay n.  kaolin 瓷土，黏土

chinagraph /ˈtʃainəɡrɑ:f/ n. propr.  a waxy coloured pencil used to write on china, glass, etc. [商标]瓷器描笔(用于在瓷器或玻璃上写字的蜡质铅笔)

Chinaman /ˈʃainəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 archaic or derog. (now usu. offens. [现通常冒犯])  a native of China [古义] [贬]中国佬 2 Cricket  a ball bowled by a left-handed bowler that spins from off to leg 【板球】(左撇子投手投出的)右曲线球

China syndrome n.  an imaginary sequence of events following the meltdown of a nuclear reactor, in which the core melts through its containment structure and deep into the earth (核反应堆熔化失控而造成的)灾难性核事故(源于一部描写美国一核电站大规模熔毁的电影片名) [China, as being on the opposite side of the earth from a reactor in the US]

China tea n.  smoke-cured tea from a small-leaved tea plant grown in China (用熏烤法加工的小叶)中国茶

Chinatown /ˈtʃainətaʊn/ n.  a district of any non-Chinese town, esp. a city or seaport, in which the population is predominantly Chinese (非中国的城镇、尤指城市或海港中的)中国城，唐人街

chinch /tʃin(t)ʃ/ n. (in full 全称 chinch bug)  1  a N. American plant bug, Blissus leucopterus, that destroys the shoots of grasses and grains 麦长蝽，蝽象(北美的一种半翅昆虫，专门毁坏草和谷物的穗) 2 N. Amer.  a bedbug [北美]臭虫 [Spanish chinche from Latin cimex-icis]

chincherinchee /tʃintʃərinˈtʃi:/ n.  a white-flowered bulbous plant, Ornithogalum thyrsoides (lily family), native to S. Africa 好望角虎眼万年青(一种开白色花的百合属球茎植物，原产地为南非) [imitative of the squeaky sound made by the rubbing of its stalks]

chinchilla /tʃinˈtʃilə/ n.  1  a  any small rodent of the genus Chinchilla, native to S. America, having soft silver-grey fur and a bushy tail 绒鼠，毛丝鼠(啮齿目动物，银灰色皮毛，毛茸茸的尾巴，产于南美洲)b  its highly valued fur 绒鼠毛皮 2  a breed of cat or rabbit (一种银灰色长毛的)家猫；丝毛兔 [Spanish, probably from S. American native name]

chin-chin /tʃinˈtʃin/ int. Brit. colloq.  a toast; a greeting or farewell [英口]为健康干杯；你好；再见 [Chinese qingqing (pr. ch-)]

Chindit /ˈtʃindit/ n. hist.  a member of the Allied forces behind the Japanese lines in Burma (now Myanmar) in 1943 － 45 [史义] (1943 至 1945 年在缅甸日军后方作战的)同盟国军士兵 [Burmese chinthé, a mythical creature]

chine1 /tʃain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a backbone, esp. of an animal (尤指动物的)脊骨，脊柱b  a joint of meat containing all or part of this (带部分脊骨的)脊肉；排骨肉 2  a ridge or arête 山脊，刃岭 ●v. tr.  cut (meat) across or along the backbone 把(肉)沿脊骨切开 [Middle English via Old French eschine from Latin spina SPINE]

chine2 /tʃain/ n.  a deep narrow ravine in the Isle of Wight or Dorset (英国怀特岛或多西特郡的)狭而深的峡谷 [Old English cinu ‘cleft, chink’, from Germanic]

chine3 /tʃain/ n.  the join between the side and the bottom of a ship etc. (船舷与船底间的)折角线，颔线 [variant of CHIME2]

Chinese /tʃaiˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to China 中国的 2  of Chinese descent 中国血统的，华裔的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the Chinese language 汉语，中文 2  a  a native or national of China 中国人b  a person of Chinese descent 华裔

Chinese burn n. colloq.  an act of placing two hands on a person's arm and then twisting it with a wringing motion to produce a burning sensation [口]捻搓胳膊以产生热感的做法

Chinese cabbage n.  = CHINESE LEAF 

Chinese chequers n. pl. (US [美] Chinese checkers) (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a board game for two to six players who attempt to move marbles etc. from one corner to the opposite one on a star-shaped board 中国跳棋

Chinese gooseberry n.  = KIWI FRUIT 

Chinese lantern n.  1  a collapsible paper lantern (可折叠的)纸灯笼 2  a plant of the nightshade family, Physalis alkekengi, bearing white flowers and globular orange fruits enclosed in an orange-red papery calyx 酸浆(茄属植物，开白花，结橘红色球形果实)

Chinese leaf n.  a lettuce-like cabbage, Brassica chinensis 小白菜，青菜

Chinese puzzle n.  a very intricate puzzle or problem (七巧板、九连环等)中国智力玩具；难解的谜

Chinese water chestnut  see 见 WATER CHESTNUT 2 

Chinese white n.  zinc oxide as a white pigment 锌白(颜料)

Chink /tʃiŋk/ n. slang offens.  a Chinese [俚语] [冒犯]中国佬 [abbreviation]

chink1 /tʃiŋk/ n.  1  an unintended crack that admits light or allows an attack 缝隙，缝儿；漏洞，空子 2  a narrow opening; a slit 裂缝，裂口 [16th c.: related to CHINE2]

chink2 /tʃiŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a slight ringing sound, as of glasses or coins striking together 使发出清脆的声响(似玻璃板或硬币的撞击声) 2 tr.  cause to make this sound 使丁当响 ●n.  this sound 丁当的响声 [imitative]

Chinky /ˈtʃinki/ n. (pl. -ies) slang [俚语]  1 offens.  a Chinese [冒犯]中国佬 2  a Chinese restaurant 中国餐馆

chinless /ˈtʃinlis/ adj. colloq.  weak or feeble in character [口]软弱的，无个性的

chinless wonder n. Brit. colloq.  an ineffectual esp. upper-class person [英口] (尤指上层社会)性格软弱的人

Chino- /ˈtʃainəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  = SINO- 

chino /ˈtʃi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a cotton twill fabric, usu. khaki-coloured 丝光黄斜纹布(通常为土黄色) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a garment, esp. trousers, made from this 丝光黄斜纹服装；丝光黄斜纹裤子 [Latin American Spanish, = toasted]

chinoiserie /ʃinˈwɑ:zəri/ n.  1  the imitation or evocation of Chinese motifs and techniques in Western art and architecture, esp. in the 18th c. (尤指 18 世纪欧洲艺术和建筑所模仿的)中国式装饰风格 2  an object or objects in this style 具中国装饰风格的物品 [French]

chinook /tʃiˈnʊk/ n.  1  a  a warm dry wind which blows east of the Rocky Mountains (从美国落基山东坡吹下的)奇努克干暖风b  a warm wet southerly wind which blows west of the Rocky Mountains (从美国落基山西坡吹下的)奇努克湿暖南风 2 (作 Chinook)  a (pl. same 单复同 or Chinooks)  a member of a N. American Indian people 奇努克人(北美西北部的印第安人)b  their language 奇努克语 [Salishan tsinúk, the name of the people]

Chinook jargon n.  a pidgin composed of elements from Chinook, Nootka, English, French, and other languages, used formerly in the Pacific north-west of N. America 奇努克混合语(旧时北美西北部太平洋海岸的一种贸易语言，由奇努克语、努特卡语、英语、法语及其他语言混合而成)

chinook salmon n.  a large salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, of the N. Pacific 大鳞大麻哈鱼(产于北太平洋)

chinstrap /ˈtʃinstræp/ n.  a strap for fastening a hat etc. under the chin (尤指系于颏下固定帽子等用的)帽带

chintz /tʃin(t)s/ n. & adj. ●n.  a printed multicoloured cotton fabric with a glazed finish 摩擦轧光印花棉布 ●adj.  made from or upholstered with this fabric 用印花棉布制作的，用印花棉布装饰的 [earlier chints (pl.) from Hindi chīnt ‘spattering, stain’, from Sanskrit citra ‘variegated’]

chintzy /ˈtʃin(t)si/ adj. (chintzier, chintziest)  1  like chintz 似印花棉布的 2  gaudy, cheap 华丽而俗气的，华丽而不值钱的 3  characteristic of the decor associated with chintz soft furnishings 具有印花棉布装饰特色的 □ chintzily  adv.  □ chintziness  n.  

chin-up n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = PULL-UP 1 

chinwag /ˈtʃinwæɡ/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  a talk or chat 谈话，聊天 ●v. intr. (-wagged, -wagging)  have a gossip 闲聊

chionodoxa /kaiənəˈdɒksə/ n.  a plant of the genus Chionodoxa (lily family), with early-blooming blue flowers Also called 亦称作 glory-of-the-snow 四萼齿草(百合属植物，开蓝色花，花期早) [modern Latin, from Greek khiōn ‘snow’ + doxa ‘glory’]

chip /tʃip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small piece removed by or in the course of chopping, cutting, or breaking, esp. from hard material such as wood or stone (木、石等削、凿下的)屑片，碎片 2  the place where such a chip has been made (屑片剥落后留下的)缺口，缺损处 3  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. Brit.  a strip of potato, deep-fried [尤英] (油炸)土豆条b (in full 全称 potato chip) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer.  a potato crisp [北美]油炸土豆条 4  a counter used in some gambling games to represent money (一些赌博游戏中代表钱的)筹码 5 Electronics 【电子学】  = MICROCHIP  6 Brit. [英]  a  a thin strip of wood, straw, etc., used for weaving hats, baskets, etc. (编篮子或帽子等用的)木条，秸秆b  a basket made from these 木条篮子 7 Football  etc. & Golf a short shot, kick, or pass with the ball describing an arc 【足球】撮球(踢过对方队员头顶传给本方队员)；【高尔夫球】切削击球，近穴击球 ●v. (chipped, chipping)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  cut or break (a piece) from a hard material 削(或凿)下屑片 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, away at)  cut pieces off (a hard material) to alter its shape, break it up, etc. 将…削(或凿)成形，把…劈开 3 intr. (of stone, china, etc.) be susceptible to being chipped; be apt to break at the edge (石头、瓷器等)易削(或凿、碰)坏；易剥落；(边缘处)易破损  will chip easily  容易碰坏 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Football  etc. & Golf strike or kick (the ball) with a chip (cf. 参见 sense 7 of n.) 【足球】撮球；【高尔夫球】切削击球，近穴击球 5 tr. (usu. as 通常作 chipped adj.) Brit.  cut (potatoes) into chips [英]把(土豆)切成薄片 □ chip in  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  interrupt or contribute abruptly to a conversation 插嘴，插话  chipped in with a reminiscence  插入一段往事的回忆 2  contribute (money or resources) 捐助(钱财)□ a chip off the old block   a child who resembles a parent, esp. in character (尤指性格方面)酷似父亲的儿子□ a chip on one's shoulder  colloq.  a disposition or inclination to feel resentful or aggrieved [口]恶劣的情绪，寻衅的态度□ have had one's chips  Brit. colloq.  be unable to avoid defeat, punishment, etc. [英口]必然受罚；注定失败□ when the chips are down  colloq.  when it comes to the point [口]在关键时刻，在危机的时候 [Middle English from Old English cipp, cyp ‘beam’: the verb related to Old English forcippian ‘cut off’]

chipboard /ˈtʃipbɔ:d/ n.  a rigid sheet or panel made from compressed wood chips and resin 刨花板，胶合板

chip heater n. Austral. & NZ  a domestic water heater that burns wood chips [澳新] (家用)木屑热水炉

chipmunk /ˈtʃipmʌŋk/ n.  a N. American ground squirrel of the genus Tamias, having alternate light and dark stripes running down the body 花鼠，金花鼠(松鼠科动物，产于北美，有深浅两色的斑纹) [Algonquian]

chipolata /tʃipəˈlɑ:tə/ n. Brit.  a small thin sausage [英]蔡珀拉特小香肠 [French, from Italian cipollata ‘a dish of onions’ from cipolla ‘onion’]

Chippendale /ˈtʃip(ə)ndeil/ adj.  1 (of furniture) designed or made by the English cabinetmaker Thomas Chippendale (d. 1779) (家具)奇彭代尔式样的(托马斯·奇彭代尔，英国家具木工，卒于 1779 年) 2  in the ornately elegant style of Chippendale's furniture 奇彭代尔家具优雅式样的

chipper /ˈtʃipə/ adj. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  cheerful 愉快的，兴高采烈的 2  smartly dressed 穿着漂亮的 [perhaps from northern English dialect kipper ‘lively’]

chippie var.  of CHIPPY  CHIPPY 的变体

chipping /ˈtʃipiŋ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a small fragment of stone, wood, etc. (石头、木头等的)碎片，屑片 2 (in pl. 用复数)  these used as a surface for roads, roofs, etc. (用于筑路、铺屋顶等的)屑片，碎片

chippy /ˈtʃipi/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 chippie) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a fish-and-chip shop (炸鱼和炸土豆条)小商店 2  a carpenter 木匠 ●adj.  1 colloq. or dial.  irritable [口] [方]易怒的，脾气坏的 2 N. Amer. Ice Hockey  prone to fighting; belligerent [北美]【冰球】有打架倾向的；好斗的

Chips /tʃips/ n. Naut. slang  a ship's carpenter 【海】[俚语]船上木匠

chip shot n.  = CHIPn. 7 

chiral /ˈkaiər(ə)l/ adj. Chem. (of an optically active compound) asymmetric and not superposable on its mirror image 【化】手征性的(指旋光性化合物镜像不对称、不重合的) □ chirality  /-ˈræliti/ n.   [Greek kheir ‘hand’]

chi-rho n.  a monogram of chi (X) and rho (P) as the first two letters of Greek Khristos Christ “基督”的表记(希腊词的两个首字母)

chiro- /ˈkairəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 cheiro-)  of the hand 表示“手的” [Greek kheir ‘hand’]

chirography /kaiˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  handwriting, calligraphy 书写，笔迹；书法

chiromancy /ˈkairəmænsi/ n.  palmistry 手相术

chiropody /kiˈrɒpədi/ n.  the treatment of the feet (originally also the hands) and their ailments (手)足医术 □ chiropodist  n.   [CHIRO- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

chiropractic /kairəˈpræktik/ n.  the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, esp. of the spinal column (尤指脊柱的)按摩疗法 □ chiropractor  /ˈkairə(ʊ)-/ n.  按摩脊柱治疗者 [CHIRO- + Greek praktikos: see PRACTICAL]

chiropteran /kaiˈrɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any mammal of the order Chiroptera, which comprises the bats 蝙蝠，翼手目动物 □ chiropterous  adj.   [CHIRO- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

chirp /tʃɜ:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. of small birds, grasshoppers, etc.) utter a short sharp high-pitched note (通常指小鸟、蚱蜢等)啁啾，唧唧叫 2 tr. & intr. (esp. of a child) speak or utter in a lively or jolly way (尤指孩子)嘁嘁喳喳地谈话 ●n.  a chirping sound (鸟的)啁啾声，(蚱蜢的)唧唧声 □ chirper  n.   [Middle English, earlier chirk, chirt: imitative]

chirpy /ˈtʃɜ:pi/ adj. (chirpier, chirpiest) colloq.  cheerful, lively [口]快活的，活泼的 □ chirpily  adv.  □ chirpiness  n.  

chirr /tʃɜ:/ v. & n. (also 亦作 churr) ●v. intr. (esp. of insects) make a prolonged low trilling sound (尤指昆虫)唧唧叫 ●n.  this sound 唧唧的叫声 [imitative]

chirrup /ˈtʃirəp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chirruped, chirruping) (esp. of small birds) chirp, esp. repeatedly; twitter (尤指小鸟不停地)吱吱叫 ●n.  a chirruping sound 不断的吱吱(或唧唧)声 □ chirrupy  adj.  快活的，活泼的，高兴的 [trilled form of CHIRP]

chisel /ˈtʃiz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a hand tool with a squared bevelled blade for shaping wood, stone, or metal 凿子，錾子 ●v. (chiselled, chiselling; US [美] chiseled, chiseling)  1 tr.  cut or shape with a chisel 凿，雕，刻 2 tr. (as 作 chiselled adj.) (of facial features) clear-cut, fine (指面部特质)轮廓鲜明的，眉目清秀的 3 tr. & intr. slang  cheat, swindle [俚语]欺骗，诈骗 □ chiseller  n.   [Middle English from Old Norman French, ultimately from Late Latin cisorium from Latin caedere caes- ‘cut’]

chi-square test n.  a method of comparing observed and theoretical values in statistics 卡方检验法， X2 检验法

chit1 /tʃit/ n.  1 derog. or joc.  a young, small, or frail girl or woman (esp. 尤指 a chit of a girl 黄毛丫头) [贬] [诙]瘦小的姑娘，纤小的少妇 2  a young child 小孩 [Middle English, = whelp, cub, kitten, perhaps = dialect chit ‘sprout’]

chit2 /tʃit/ n.  1  a note of requisition; a note of a sum owed, esp. for food or drink 需求单；(尤指用膳后的)小额欠账字据 2 esp. Brit.  a note or memorandum [尤英]便条，备忘录 [earlier chitty: Anglo-Indian from Hindi citthī ‘pass’, from Sanskrit citra ‘mark’]

chital /ˈtʃi:t(ə)l/ n.  = AXIS2  [Hindi cītal]

chit-chat /ˈtʃittʃæt/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  light conversation; gossip 聊天；闲谈 ●v. intr. (-chatted, -chatting)  talk informally; gossip 聊天，闲谈 [reduplication of CHAT1]

chitin /ˈkaitin/ n. Chem.  a polysaccharide forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi 【化】几丁质，甲壳质，壳多糖 □ chitinous  adj.   [French chitine, formed irregularly from Greek khitōn: see CHITON]

chiton /ˈkaitɒn, -t(ə)n/ n.  1  a long woollen tunic worn by ancient Greeks (古希腊人穿的)宽大长袍 2  any marine mollusc of the class Amphineura, having a shell of overlapping plates 石鳖(多板纲软体动物，其甲壳由复叠的小板块组成) [Greek khitōn ‘tunic’]

chitterling /ˈtʃitəliŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the smaller intestines of pigs etc., esp. as cooked for food (尤指食用的)猪小肠 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

chitty /ˈtʃiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  = CHIT2 

chivalrous /ˈʃiv(ə)lrəs/ adj.  1 (usu. of a male) gallant, honourable, courteous (通常指男性)勇武的；正直的；谦恭的 2  involving or showing chivalry 骑士的，有骑士精神的 □ chivalrously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French chevalerous: see CHEVALIER]

chivalry /ˈʃiv(ə)lri/ n.  1  the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code (中世纪的)骑士制度 2  the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp. courage, honour, courtesy, justice, and readiness to help the weak 骑士精神(尤指勇武、荣誉感、谦恭、正义以及扶持弱小的品质) 3  a man's courteous behaviour, esp. towards women (尤指男子对女性的)彬彬有礼行为；骑士行为 4 archaic  knights, noblemen, and horsemen collectively [古义] (总称)骑士；豪侠之士；骑兵 □ chivalric  adj.   [Middle English via Old French chevalerie etc. from medieval Latin caballerius, for Late Latin caballarius ‘horseman’: see CAVALIER]

chive /tʃaiv/ n.  a small allium, Allium schoenoprasum, having purple-pink flowers and dense tufts of long tubular leaves which are used as a herb 细香葱(葱属植物，叶狭长呈管状，开紫红色花，用作草药) [Middle English via Old French cive from Latin cepa ‘onion’]

chivvy /ˈtʃivi/ v. tr. (also 亦作 chivy, chevy /ˈtʃevi/) (-ies, -ied)  hurry (a person) up; harass, nag; pursue 催促(某人)；(使)烦恼；困扰；追赶 [chevy (n. & v.), probably from a skirmish described in the ballad of Chevy Chase, a place on the Scottish border]

chlamydia /kləˈmidiə/ n. (pl. chlamydiae /-dii:/)  any small parasitic bacterium of the genus Chlamydia, e.g. those which cause diseases such as trachoma, psittacosis, and non-specific urethritis 衣原体(引起沙眼、鹦鹉热、尿道炎疾病的寄生细菌) [modern Latin, from Greek khlamus -udos ‘cloak’]

chlamydomonas /ˌklæmidəˈməʊnəs/ n.  a motile unicellular green alga of the genus Chlamydomonas (游动性单细胞)衣藻；衣滴虫 [modern Latin (as CHLAMYDIA)]

Chloe /ˈkləui/   克洛伊 [人名]

chlor- /klɔ:/ var.  of CHLORO-  CHLORO- 的变体

chloracne /klɔ:ˈrækni/ n. Med.  a skin disease resembling severe acne, caused by exposure to chlorinated chemicals 【医】氯痤疮 [CHLORINE + ACNE]

chloral /ˈklɔ:ræl/ n.  1  a colourless liquid aldehyde used in making DDT. 氯醛，三氯乙醛 2 (in full 全称 chloral hydrate) Pharm.  a colourless crystalline solid made from chloral and used as a sedative 【药】水合氯醛，结晶氯醛(用作安眠剂) [French from chlore ‘chlorine’ + alcool ‘alcohol’]

chloramphenicol /klɔ:ræmˈfenikɒl/ n. Pharm.  an antibiotic prepared from Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically and used esp. against typhoid fever 【药】氯霉素 [CHLORO- + AMIDE + PHENO- + NITRO- + GLYCOL]

chlorate /ˈklɔ:reit/ n. Chem.  any salt of chloric acid 【化】氯酸盐

chlorella /kləˈrelə/ n.  a non-motile unicellular green alga of the genus Chlorella (非游动性单细胞)小球藻 [modern Latin, diminutive of Greek khlōros ‘green’]

chloric acid /ˈklɔ:rik/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid acid with strong oxidizing properties 【化】氯酸 [CHLORO- + -IC]

chloride /ˈklɔ:raid/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  any compound of chlorine with another element or group 氯化物 2  any bleaching agent containing chloride (含氯)漂白粉 [CHLORO- + -IDE]

chlorinate /ˈklɔ:rineit, ˈklɒ-/ v. tr.  1  impregnate or treat with chlorine 用氯浸渍，用氯处理 2 Chem.  cause to react or combine with chlorine 【化】使氯化，使与氯反应 □ chlorinator  n.  

chlorination /klɔ:riˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the treatment of water with chlorine to disinfect it (水的)氯化(消毒)处理 2 Chem.  a reaction in which chlorine is introduced into a compound 【化】氯化作用

chlorine /ˈklɔ:ri:n/ n. Chem.  a poisonous greenish-yellow gaseous element of the halogen group occurring naturally esp. as sodium chloride in salt, sea water, rock salt, etc., and used in disinfectants and bleaches, and the manufacture of many organic chemicals (symbol 符 Cl) 【化】(化学元素)氯 [Greek khlōros ‘green’ + -INE4]

chlorite1 /ˈklɔ:rait/ n. Mineral.  a dark green mineral found in many rocks, consisting of a basic aluminosiicate of magnesium, iron, etc. 【矿】绿泥石 □ chloritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  

chlorite2 /ˈklɔ:rait/ n. Chem.  any salt of chlorous acid 【化】亚氯酸盐

chloro- /ˈklɔ:rəʊ, ˈklɒrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 chlor- esp. before a vowel 尤用于元音前)  1 Biol. & Mineral.  green 【生】【矿】绿 2 Chem.  chlorine 【化】氯 [Greek khlōros ‘green’: in sense 2 from CHLORINE]

chlorofluorocarbon /ˌklɔ:rəʊflʊərəʊˈkɑ:b(ə)n/  see 见 CFC 

chloroform /ˈklɔ:rəfɔ:m, ˈklɒr-/ n. & v. ●n.  a colourless volatile sweet-smelling liquid used as a solvent and formerly as a general anaesthetic Chem. formula 化学分子式 :CHCl3 氯仿，三氯甲烷 ●v. tr.  render (a person) unconscious with this 用氯仿(使人)麻醉 [French chloroforme, formed as CHLORO- + formyle from FORMIC ACID]

Chloromycetin /klɔ:rə(ʊ)ˈmaisitin, klɒrə(ʊ)-, -maiˈsi:tin/ n. propr. [商标]  = CHLORAMPHENICOL  [CHLORO- + Greek mukēs -ētos ‘fungus’]

chlorophyll /ˈklɔ:rəfil, ˈklɒr-/ n.  the green pigment found in most plants, responsible for light absorption to provide energy by photosynthesis 叶绿素 □ chlorophyllous  /-ˈfiləs/ adj.   [French chlorophylle from Greek phullon ‘leaf’: see CHLORO-]

chloroplast /ˈklɔ:rəplæst, -plɑ:st, ˈklɒr-/ n.  a plastid containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells undergoing photosynthesis 叶绿体 [German: (as CHLORO-, PLASTID)]

chloroquine /ˈklɒrəkwi:n, ˈklɔ:r-/ n. Pharm.  a drug related to quinoline and used esp. against malaria 【药】氯奎，氯喹(用作抗疟药) [CHLORO- + QUININE]

chlorosis /klɒˈrəʊsis/ n.  1 Med.  a severe form of anaemia from iron deficiency esp. in young women, causing a greenish complexion (cf. 参见 GREENSICK) 【医】萎黄病，绿色贫血，萎黄病贫血 2 Bot.  a reduction or loss of the normal green coloration of leaves 【植】缺绿病，退绿病 □ chlorotic  adj.   [CHLORO- + -OSIS]

chlorous acid /ˈklɔ:rəs/ n. Chem.  a pale yellow liquid acid with oxidizing properties Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HClO2 【化】亚氯酸 [CHLORO- + -OUS]

chlorpromazine /klɔ:ˈprəʊməzin, -zi:n/ n. Pharm.  a drug used as a sedative and to control nausea and vomiting 【药】氯丙嗪，氯普马嗪(用作安定药) [French (as CHLORO-, PROMETHAZINE)]

Ch.M. abbr.  Master of Surgery [缩略]外科硕士 [Latin Chirurgiae Magister]

choc /tʃɒk/ n. & adj. Brit. colloq.  chocolate [英口]巧克力(的) [abbreviation]

chocaholic var.  of CHOCOHOLIC  CHOCOHOLIC 的变体

chocho /ˈtʃəʊtʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) W.Ind. [西印]  = CHOKO 

choc ice n. Brit.  a bar of ice cream covered with a thin coating of chocolate [英]紫雪糕，巧克力小冰砖

chock /tʃɒk/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  a block or wedge of wood to check motion, esp. of a cask or a wheel (尤指防止轮子、桶等移动的)塞块，垫块 ●v. tr.  1  fit or make fast with chocks 用塞块塞住，用垫块垫住 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit.  cram full [英]把…塞满 ●adv.  as closely or tightly as possible 紧紧地，满满地 [probably from Old French çouche, çoche ‘block, log’, of unknown origin]

chocka /ˈtʃɒkə/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = CHOCK-A-BLOCK  [abbreviation]

chock-a-block /tʃɒkəˈblɒk/ adj. & adv.  crammed close together; crammed full 塞满的(地)，挤满的(地)  a street chock-a-block with cars  挤满了汽车的大街 [originally nautical, with reference to tackle with the two blocks run close together]

chocker /ˈtʃɒkə/ adj. Brit. slang  fed up, disgusted [英] [俚语]不满的，厌倦的 [CHOCK-A-BLOCK]

chock-full /tʃɒkˈfʊl/ adj. & adv.  crammed full 塞满的(地)，装满的(地)  chock-full of rubbish  塞满了垃圾 [CHOCK + FULL1: Middle English chokkefulle (related to CHOKE1) is doubtful]

chockstone /ˈtʃɒkstəʊn/ n. Mountaineering  a stone wedged in a vertical cleft 【登山】楔石(塞在竖直裂缝里的石头)

chocoholic /tʃɒkəˈhɒlik/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 chocaholic) ●n.  a person who is addicted to or very fond of chocolate 食巧克力成瘾者，非常喜爱巧克力的人 ●adj.  of or relating to chocoholics 食巧克力成瘾的 [blend of CHOCOLATE and ALCOHOLIC]

chocolate /ˈtʃɒk(ə)lət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a food preparation in the form of a paste or solid block made from roasted and ground cacao seeds, usually sweetened (糊状或块状)巧克力b  a sweet made of or coated with this 巧克力糖，夹心巧克力糖c  a drink made with chocolate 巧克力饮料 2  = CHOCOLATE BROWNn.  ●adj.  1  made from or of chocolate 用巧克力作的 2  = CHOCOLATE BROWNadj.  □ chocolatey  adj. (also 亦作 chocolaty)   [French chocolat or Spanish chocolate, from Nahuatl chocolatl]

chocolate box n.  1  a decorated box filled with chocolates (内装巧克力的)装潢精致的盒子 2 (chocolate-box 作 attrib.)  stereotypically pretty or romantic 装饰俗气的，伤感浪漫的

chocolate brown n. & adj. ●n.  a deep brown colour 深褐色，赭色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深褐色的，赭色的

Choctaw /ˈtʃɒktɔ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Choctaws)  1  a  a member of a N. American Indian people originally from Alabama 乔克托人(原居住在亚拉巴马州的美国印第安人)b  the language of this people 乔克托语 2 (in skating) a step from one edge of a skate to the other edge of the other skate in the opposite direction (滑冰)换脚转体 180 度 ●adj.  of or relating to the Choctaws or their language 乔克托人的，乔克托语的 [native name]

choice /tʃɔis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of choosing 选择，抉择b  a thing or person chosen 被选中的人(或物)  not a good choice  不是好的选择 2  a range from which to choose 供选择的范围(品种) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the elite, the best 精华，出类拔萃的人(或物) 4  the power or opportunity to choose 选择权；选择机会  what choice have I?  我有什么选择余地呢？ ●adj.  of superior quality; carefully chosen 优质的；精选的 □ choicely  adv.  □ choiceness  n.   [Middle English from Old French chois, from choisir CHOOSE]

choir /ˈkwaiə/ n.  1  a regular group of singers, esp. taking part in church services 合唱团，(尤指教堂礼拜时的)唱诗班，圣乐团 2  the part of a cathedral or large church between the altar and the nave, used by the choir and clergy 高坛(教堂内唱诗班或教士席位所在的部位) 3  a company of singers, birds, angels etc. 一群歌手(鸟、天使等)  a heavenly choir  一群天使 4 Mus.  a group of instruments of one family playing together 【音】(同时演奏的)一组同类乐器 [Middle English via Old French quer from Latin chorus: see CHORUS]

choirboy /ˈkwaiəbɔi/ n. (fem. choirgirl /-ɡɜ:l/)  a boy or girl who sings in a church or cathedral choir 唱诗班中的男(女)童歌手

choirman /ˈkwaiəmən/ n. (pl. choirmen)  a man who sings in a choir 合唱团的男歌手

choir organ n.  the softest of three parts making up a large organ having its row of keys the lowest of the three 唱诗风琴

choir stall n.  = STALL1n. 3a 

choke1 /tʃəʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hinder or impede the breathing of (a person or animal) esp. by constricting the windpipe or (of gas, smoke, etc.) by being unbreathable 使窒息；把…掐死；把…闷死 2 intr.  suffer a hindrance or stoppage of breath 窒息；噎住；呛 3 tr. & intr.  make or become speechless from emotion (使) (激动得)说不出话来 4 tr.  retard the growth of or kill (esp. plants) by the deprivation of light, air, nourishment, etc. 扼杀，遏制(植物的)生长 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 back)  suppress (feelings) with difficulty 抑制(感情) 6 tr.  block or clog (a passage, tube, etc.) 塞满，堵塞(通道、管道等) 7 tr. (as 作 choked adj.) Brit. colloq.  disgusted, disappointed [英口]使厌恶的，使失望的 8 tr.  enrich the fuel mixture in (an internal-combustion engine) by reducing the intake of air 阻塞内燃机气门(以提高燃料混合物的浓度) ●n.  1  the valve in the carburettor of an internal-combustion engine that controls the intake of air, esp. to enrich the fuel mixture (控制内燃机进气量的)阻气门，阻塞门 2 Electr.  an inductance coil used to smooth the variations of an alternating current or to alter its phase 【电】扼流圈 □ choke down   swallow with difficulty 硬咽；强抑□ choke up   block (a channel etc.) 堵塞，阻塞(管道等) [Middle English from Old English ɑˉcēocian, from cēoce, cē(a)ce CHEEK]

choke2 /tʃəʊk/ n.  the centre part of an artichoke 洋蓟的中心部分 [probably a confusion of the ending of artichoke with CHOKE1]

chokeberry /ˈtʃəʊkb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a shrub of the genus Aronia (rose family) 北美沙果灌木(蔷薇科植物) 2  its scarlet berry-like fruit 北美沙果

choke chain n.  a chain looped round a dog's neck to exert control by pressure on its windpipe when the dog pulls (驯狗时使用的)能抽紧的狗颈圈

choke cherry n.  an astringent N. American cherry, Prunus virginiana 美国稠李(樱桃属，味涩)

choke-damp n.  carbon dioxide in mines, wells, etc. (矿井、水井等中的)窒息性气体，二氧化碳气体

choker /ˈtʃəʊkə/ n.  1  a close-fitting necklace or ornamental neckband (贴颈的)短项链；(装饰用)领圈 2  a clerical or other high collar 牧师领；硬高领

choko /ˈtʃəʊkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. & NZ  a succulent green pear-shaped vegetable like a cucumber in flavour [澳新]佛手瓜(其味道似黄瓜) [Brazilian Indian chocho]

choky1 /ˈtʃəʊki/ n. (also 亦作 chokey) (pl. -ies or -eys) Brit. slang  prison [英] [俚语]监狱，拘留所 [originally Anglo-Indian, from Hindi caukī ‘shed’]

choky2 /ˈtʃəʊki/ adj. (chokier, chokiest)  tending to choke or to cause choking 使人窒息的，气闷的

cholangiography /ˌkɒlændʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction 【医】胆管造影术 [CHOLE- + Greek aggeion ‘vessel’ + -GRAPHY]

chole- /ˈkɒli/ comb. form (also 亦作 chol- esp. before a vowel 尤用于元音前) Med. & Chem.  bile [构词成分]【医】【化】胆汁，胆囊 [Greek kholē ‘gall, bile’]

cholecalciferol /ˌkɒlikælˈsif(ə)rɒl/ n.  one of the D vitamins, produced by the action of sunlight on a cholesterol derivative widely distributed in the skin, a deficiency of which results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults Also called 亦称作 vitamin D3 胆钙化(甾)醇 [CHOLE- + CALCIFEROL]

cholecystography /ˌkɒlisiˈstɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  X-ray examination of the gall bladder, esp. used to detect the presence of gallstones 【医】胆囊造影术，胆囊照相术 [CHOLE- + CYSTO- + -GRAPHY]

choler /ˈkɒlə/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  = YELLOW BILE  2 poet. or archaic  anger, irascibility [诗] [古义]愤怒；易怒气质 [Middle English via Old French colere ‘bile, anger’ and Latin cholera from Greek kholera ‘diarrhoea’, in Late Latin = bile, anger, from Greek kholē ‘bile’]

cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. Med.  an infectious and often fatal disease of the small intestine caused by the mainly water-borne bacterium Vibrio cholerae, resulting in severe vomiting and diarrhoea 【医】霍乱 □ choleraic  /-ˈreiik/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin from Greek kholera: see CHOLER]

choleric /ˈkɒlərik/ adj.  irascible, angry 易怒的，暴躁的；激怒的，生气的 □ cholerically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French cholerique and Latin cholericus from Greek kholerikos: see CHOLER]

cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ n. Biochem.  a sterol found in most body tissues, including the blood, where high concentrations can promote arteriosclerosis 【生化】胆固醇，胆甾醇 [earlier cholesterin from Greek kholē ‘bile’ + stereos ‘stiff’]

choli /ˈtʃəʊli/ n. (pl. cholis)  a type of short-sleeved bodice worn by Indian women (印度妇女穿的)短袖紧身胸衣 [Hindi colī]

choliamb /ˈkəʊliæm(b)/ n. Prosody 【诗体】  = SCAZON  □ choliambic  /kəʊliˈæmbik/ adj.   [Late Latin choliambus from Greek khōliambos, from khōlos ‘lame’: see IAMBUS]

choline /ˈkəʊli:n, -in/ n. Biochem.  a basic nitrogenous organic compound occurring widely in living matter 【生化】胆碱 [German Cholin from Greek kholē ‘bile’]

cholla /ˈtʃɔiə/ n.  any of several opuntias of Mexico and the south-west US (产于墨西哥及美国西南部的)仙人掌 [Mexican Spanish, literally ‘skull, head’]

chomp /tʃɒmp/ v. tr.  = CHAMP1  [imitative]

Chomskian /ˈtʃɒmskiən/ adj.  of or relating to N.L. Chomsky, American linguist (b. 1928), or his work (关于)乔姆斯基(美国当代语言学家，生于 1928 年)的；(关于)乔姆斯基的作品的

chondrite /ˈkɒndrait/ n.  a stony meteorite containing small mineral granules 球粒陨石 [German Chondrit from Greek khondros ‘granule’]

chondrocranium /kɒndrəʊˈkreiniəm/ n. Anat.  the embryonic skull composed of cartilage and later replaced by bone 【解】软骨颅 [Greek khondros ‘grain, cartilage’]

choo-choo /ˈtʃu:tʃu:/ n. (also 亦作 choo-choo train) colloq. (esp. as a child's word) a railway train or locomotive, esp. a steam engine [口] (尤儿童用语)火车，(尤指)蒸汽机车 [imitative]

chook /tʃʊk/ n. (also 亦作 chookie /ˈtʃʊki/) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1 colloq.  a chicken or fowl [口]鸡，家禽 2 slang  an older woman [俚语]老年妇女 [English dialect chuck ‘chicken’]

choose /tʃu:z/ v. (past chose /tʃəʊz/; past part. chosen /ˈtʃəʊz(ə)n/)  1 tr.  select out of a greater number (从众多数目中)挑选，选择 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 between, from)  take or select one or another (从两者中)挑选 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  decide, be determined 决定；决心  chose to stay behind  决定留下来 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 complement)  select as 推举，选举  was chosen king  被推举为国王 5 tr. Theol. (esp. as 尤作 chosen adj.)  destine to be saved 【神】注定被拯救  God's chosen people  上帝拯救的子民 □ cannot choose but  archaic  must [古义]必须；不得不□ nothing (or little) to choose between them   they are equivalent 两者不相上下(或十分相似)□ chooser  n.   [Old English cēosan, from Germanic]

choosy /ˈtʃu:zi/ adj. (choosier, choosiest) colloq.  fastidious [口]爱挑剔的，过分讲究的，难以取悦的 □ choosily  adv.  □ choosiness  n.  

chop1 /tʃɒp/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (chopped, chopping)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, down, etc.)  cut or fell by a blow, usu. with an axe (通常指用斧子)砍，劈；伐，砍倒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cut (esp. meat or vegetables) into small pieces (尤指将肉或蔬菜)切碎，剁碎 3  strike (esp. a ball) with a short heavy edgewise blow 削击，切击(尤指球) 4  cut as if by chopping; dispense with; reduce, shorten 削减；屏弃；减少；缩短  chopped £ 100 off the budget  将预算削减 100 英镑 chopped the penultimate scene from the play  将该剧的倒数第二幕删掉 chopped his sentence short  为他减刑 ●n.  1  a cutting blow, esp. with an axe (尤指用斧子)砍；劈 2  a thick slice of meat (esp. pork or lamb) usu. including a rib (尤指猪肉或羊肉的)排骨，肋条肉 3  a short heavy edgewise stroke or blow in tennis, cricket, boxing, etc. (网球、板球、拳击等)削，切击 4  the broken motion of water, usu. owing to the action of the wind against the tide (通常风迎着潮水吹引起的)碎浪，水的碎裂运动 5 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  dismissal from employment 解雇，辞退b  the action of killing or being killed (被)杀死c  cancellation (of a project etc.) 取消(计划等) [Middle English, variant of CHAP1]

chop2 /tʃɒp/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the jaw of an animal etc. (动物的)颌，口部 [16th-c. variant (occurring earlier) of CHAP3, of unknown origin]

chop3 /tʃɒp/ v. intr. (chopped, chopping)   □ chop and change  Brit.  vacillate; change direction frequently [英]变化无常；不断改变方向 [Middle English, = barter, exchange, perhaps related to chap (as in CHAPMAN) from Old English cēapian (as CHEAP)]

chop4 /tʃɒp/ n. Brit. archaic  a trade mark; a brand of goods [英古义]商标；品牌 □ not much chop  esp. Austral. & NZ  no good [尤澳新]不好，无价值 [originally in India & China, from Hindi chɑˉp ‘an official stamp’]

chop-chop /tʃɒpˈtʃɒp/ adv. & int. (pidgin English) quickly, quick (洋泾浜英语)快，赶快 [Chinese dialect k'wɑˆi-k'wɑˆi]

chop logic v. intr.  argue pedantically 咬文嚼字，作细致而烦琐的辩论 [CHOP3]

chopper /ˈtʃɒpə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a short axe with a large blade [英]斧头b  a butcher's cleaver 屠刀，切肉刀 2 colloq.  a helicopter [口]直升飞机 3  a device for regularly interrupting an electric current or light beam 断路器；斩光器 4  a type of bicycle (Chopper propr. [商标]), or motorcycle, with high handlebars 高把拱起式自行车(或摩托车) 5 (in pl. 用复数) slang  teeth [俚语]牙齿

choppy /ˈtʃɒpi/ adj. (choppier, choppiest) (of the sea, the weather, etc.) fairly rough (海洋)波浪滔滔的；(天气)相当恶劣的 □ choppily  adv.  □ choppiness  n.   [CHOP1 + -Y1]

chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstik/ n.  each of a pair of small thin sticks of wood or ivory etc., held both in one hand as eating utensils by the Chinese, Japanese, etc. 筷子 [pidgin English from chop = quick + STICK1, equivalent of Cantonese k'wɑˆi-tsze ‘nimble ones’]

chop suey /tʃɒpˈsu:i/ n. (pl. -eys)  a Chinese-style dish of meat stewed and fried with bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, onions, and served with rice 炒杂碎(一种中式炒菜，配料为炖肉与豆芽、竹笋、洋葱等) [Cantonese shap sui ‘mixed bits’]

choral /ˈkɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  of, for, or sung by a choir or chorus 合唱队的，为唱诗班创作的；合唱的 □ chorally  adv.   [medieval Latin choralis from Latin chorus: see CHORUS]

chorale /kɒˈrɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 choral)  1  a stately and simple hymn tune; a harmonized version of this (庄重而简单的)赞美诗曲调；合唱赞美诗 2 esp. US  a choir or choral society [尤美]合唱队，唱诗班 [German Choral (gesang) from medieval Latin cantus choralis]

choral ode n.  a song of the chorus in a Greek drama (古希腊戏剧中的)合唱歌

choral society n.  a group which meets regularly to sing choral music 合唱团，合唱会

chord1 /kɔ:d/ n. Mus.  a group of (usu. three or more) notes sounded together, as a basis of harmony 【音】和弦，和音(通常由 3 或 3 个以上的音符组成) □ chordal  adj.   [originally cord from ACCORD: later confused with CHORD2]

chord2 /kɔ:d/ n.  1 Math. & Aeron.  etc. a straight line joining the ends of an arc, the wings of an aeroplane, etc. 【数】弦；【空】翼弦，翼张 2 Anat. 【解】  = CORD 2  3 poet.  the string of a harp etc. [诗] (竖琴等的)弦 4 Engin.  one of the two principal members, usu. horizontal, of a truss 【工程】弦杆，桁弦，桁架弦杆 □ strike a chord   1  recall something to a person's memory 回想起(某事) 2  elicit sympathy 引起同情□ touch the right chord   appeal skilfully to the emotions 扣人心弦□ chordal  adj.   [16th-c. refashioning of CORD reflecting its source, Latin chorda]

chordate /ˈkɔ:deit/ n. & adj. ●n.  any animal of the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord at some stage during its development 脊索动物 ●adj.  of or relating to the chordates 脊索动物门的，有脊索的 [modern Latin chordata from Latin chorda CHORD2, on the pattern of Vertebrata etc.]

chording /ˈkɔ:diŋ/ n. Mus.  the playing, singing, or arrangement of chords 【音】(和声中的)和弦分布 □ chord  v. intr.  

chore /tʃɔ:/ n.  a tedious or routine task, esp. a domestic one (日常乏味的)杂务；(尤指)家庭琐事 [originally dialect and US form of CHAR2]

chorea /kɒˈriə/ n. Med.  a disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting esp. the shoulders, hips, and face 【医】舞蹈病 [Latin from Greek khoreia ‘dance’ (as CHORUS)]

choreograph /ˈkɒriəɡrɑ:f/ v. tr.  compose the choreography for (a ballet etc.) 为(芭蕾舞等)设计舞蹈动作 □ choreographer  /-iˈɒɡrəfə/ n.   [back-formation from CHOREOGRAPHY]

choreography /kɒriˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the design or arrangement of a ballet or other staged dance (芭蕾舞或其他舞剧的)舞步设计(编排) 2  the sequence of steps and movements in dance 舞步(动作) 3  the written notation for this 舞步谱号 □ choreographic  /kɒriəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ choreographically  /kɒriəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek khoreia ‘dance’ + -GRAPHY]

choreology /kɒriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study and description of the movements of dancing 舞谱学 □ choreologist  n.  

choriambus /kɒriˈæmbəs/ n. (pl. choriambi /-bai/) Prosody  a metrical foot consisting of two short (unstressed) syllables between two long (stressed) ones 【诗体】(诗律中的)扬抑抑扬格，长短短长格 □ choriambic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek khoriambos, from khoreios ‘of the dance’ + IAMBUS]

choric /ˈkɒrik, ˈkɔ:rik/ adj.  of, like, or for a chorus in drama or recitation (戏剧中)合唱的，适于合唱的；(朗诵)齐诵的 [Late Latin choricus from Greek khorikos (as CHORUS)]

chorine /ˈkɔ:ri:n/ n.  a chorus girl (歌舞喜剧等中的)歌舞队女演员 [CHORUS + -INE3]

chorion /ˈkɔ:riən/ n.  the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal (爬行动物、鸟类或哺乳动物胚胎的)绒毛膜；浆膜 □ chorionic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Greek khorion]

chorister /ˈkɒristə/ n.  1  a member of a choir, esp. a choirboy or choirgirl 合唱队队员，(尤指唱诗班的)男(女)童歌手 2 US  the leader of a church choir [美]唱诗班领队 [Middle English, ultimately from Old French cueriste from quer CHOIR]

chorography /kɔ:ˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the systematic description of regions or districts (某地区的)方志；地方志编写术 □ chorographer  n.  □ chorographic  /kɒrəˈɡræfik/ adj.   [French chorographie or Latin chorographia from Greek khōrographia, from khōra ‘region’]

choroid /ˈkɔ:rɔid, ˈkɒr-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  like a chorion in shape or vascularity 似绒毛膜的，膜状的；脉络膜的 ●n. (in full 全称 choroid coat or membrane)  a layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera (眼球视网膜与巩膜之间的)脉络膜 [Greek khoroeidēs for khorioeidēs: see CHORION]

chortle /ˈtʃɔ:t(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  chuckle gleefully 咯咯地欢笑 ●n.  a gleeful chuckle 咯咯的欢笑声 [portmanteau word coined by Lewis Carroll, probably from CHUCKLE + SNORT]

chorus /ˈkɔ:rəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. choruses)  1  a group (esp. a large one) of singers; a choir (尤指大型)合唱队，合唱团 2  a piece of music composed for a choir 合唱曲 3  the refrain or the main part of a popular song, in which a chorus participates 叠歌，副歌(流行歌曲的合唱或主题部分) 4  any simultaneous utterance by many persons etc. 齐声，异口同声；齐声说的话  a chorus of disapproval followed  随后是一片不赞成的呼声 5  a group of singers and dancers performing in concert in a musical comedy, opera, etc. (歌舞喜剧、戏剧等中的)歌舞队 6 Gk Antiq. [古希腊]  a  in Greek tragedy, a group of performers who comment together in voice and movement on the main action (古希腊悲剧中为剧中事件作评注的)歌舞队b  an utterance of the chorus (歌舞队的)唱词 7  esp. in Elizabethan drama, a character who speaks the prologue and other linking parts of the play (尤指伊丽莎白时代喜剧中的)朗诵开场白及其他解说词的角色 8  the part spoken by this character 开场白，解说词 ●v. tr. & intr. (chorused, chorusing) (of a group) speak or utter simultaneously 异口同声地说；随声附和 □ in chorus  (uttered) together; in unison 齐声(说)，共同，一致 [Latin, from Greek khoros]

chorus girl n.  a young woman who sings or dances in the chorus of a musical comedy etc. (音乐喜剧等中的)歌舞队女演员

chose past  of CHOOSE  

chosen past part.  of CHOOSE  

chough /tʃʌf/ n.  a bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax (crow family), with glossy blue-black plumage and red legs 山鸦(鸦科鸟，红腿，羽毛蓝黑色，有光泽) [Middle English, probably originally imitative]

choux pastry /ʃu:/ n.  very light pastry enriched with eggs 鸡蛋松软面团 [French, pl. of chou ‘cabbage, rosette’: in English originally a round cream-filled pastry]

chow /tʃaʊ/ n.  1 slang  food [俚语]食物，食品 2 offens.  a Chinese [冒犯]中国佬 3  a  a dog of a Chinese breed with long hair and bluish-black tongue 中国长毛狗b  this breed 中国长毛狗品种 [shortened from CHOW-CHOW]

chow-chow /ˈtʃaʊtʃaʊ/ n.  1  = CHOW 1, 2, 3  2  a Chinese preserve of ginger, orange peel, etc., in syrup (用果皮、姜片等制作的)中国蜜饯，什锦蜜饯 3  a mixed vegetable pickle 什锦腌菜，什锦酱菜 [pidgin English]

chowder /ˈtʃaʊdə/ n. N. Amer.  a rich soup usu. containing fresh fish, clams, or corn with potatoes, onions, etc. [北美]海鲜杂烩浓汤 [perhaps French chaudière ‘pot’: see CAULDRON]

chowkidar /ˈtʃəʊkidɑ:/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a watchman or gatekeeper [印英]巡夜人，看门人 [Urdu chaukīdɑˉr]

chow mein /tʃaʊ ˈmein/ n.  a Chinese-style dish of fried noodles with shredded meat or shrimps etc. and vegetables (中国式)炒面 [Chinese chao mian ‘fried flour’]

Chr. abbr. [缩略]  Chronicles (Old Testament) 

chrestomathy /kreˈstɒməθi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a selection of passages used esp. to help in learning a language (尤指供语言学习用的)文选，文摘 [French chrestomathie or Greek khrēstomatheia, from khrēstos ‘useful’ + -matheia ‘learning’]

Chris /kris/   克里斯 [人名]

chrism /ˈkriz(ə)m/ n.  a consecrated oil or unguent used esp. for anointing in Catholic and Greek Orthodox rites (基督教和希腊正教的)圣膏，圣油 [Old English crisma via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek khrisma ‘anointing’]

chrisom /ˈkriz(ə)m/ n.  1  = CHRISM  2 (in full 全称 chrisom-cloth) hist.  a white robe put on a child at baptism, and used as its shroud if it died within the month [史义] (婴儿的)白洗礼服 [Middle English, as popular pronunciation of CHRISM]

Chrissie /ˈkrisi/   克里西 [人名]

Christ /kraist/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the title, also now treated as a name, given to Jesus of Nazareth, believed by Christians to have fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of a coming Messiah 基督(原为耶稣的头衔，现成为其名字的一部分) 2  the Messiah as prophesied in the Old Testament (《圣经·旧约》中的)弥赛亚，救世主 3  an image or picture of Jesus 耶稣像，耶稣偶像 ●int. slang  expressing surprise, anger, etc. [俚语]哎呀！岂有此理！(表示惊讶、愤怒等) □ Christhood  n.  □ Christlike  adj.  □ Christly  adj.   [Old English Crīst via Latin Christus from Greek khristos ‘anointed one’, from khriō ‘anoint’: translation of Hebrew mɑˉšîaḥ MESSIAH]

Christadelphian /kristəˈdelfiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a Christian sect rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity and expecting a second coming of Christ on earth 基督弟兄会会员(该教派不接受三位一体说，主张基督的第二次降临) ●adj.  of or adhering to this sect and its beliefs 基督弟兄会的，基督弟兄会会员的 [CHRIST + Greek adelphos ‘brother’]

christen /ˈkris(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  give a Christian name to at baptism as a sign of admission to a Christian Church 给…取教名(或洗礼名) 2  give a name to (a thing), esp. formally or with a ceremony (尤指正式地或举行仪式)为(某物)命名 3 colloq.  use for the first time [口]首次使用 □ christener  n.  □ christening  n.  (基督教)洗礼，洗礼命名仪式 [Old English crīstnian ‘make Christian’]

Christendom /ˈkris(ə)ndəm/ n.  Christians worldwide, regarded as a collective body (总称)基督教徒 [Old English cristendōm, from cristen CHRISTIAN + -DOM]

Christian /ˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Christ's teaching or religion 基督教义的；基督教的 2  believing in or following the religion of Jesus Christ 信仰基督教的 3  showing the qualities associated with Christ's teaching 表现基督精神的 4 colloq. (of a person) kind, fair, decent [口] (指人)善良的，诚实的，正派的 ●n.  1  a  a person who has received Christian baptism 受过洗礼的人b  an adherent of Christ's teaching 基督教徒，基督信徒 2  a person exhibiting Christian qualities 具有基督品质的人 □ Christianize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  使成为基督教徒，使基督教化□ Christianization  /ˌkristʃ(ə)naiˈzeiʃ(ə)n, -tiən-/ n.  □ Christianly  adv.   [Latin Christianus from Christus CHRIST]

Christian era n.  the era reckoned from the traditional date of Christ's birth 基督纪元，公元

Christianity /kristiˈæniti/ n.  1  the Christian religion; its beliefs and practices 基督教；基督教信仰 2  being a Christian; Christian quality or character 基督教徒；基督教精神，基督教品格 3  = CHRISTENDOM  [Middle English cristianite from Old French crestienté, from crestien CHRISTIAN]

Christian name n.  a forename, esp. as given at baptism 教名，(尤指)洗礼名

Christian Science n.  the beliefs and practices of The Church of Christ Scientist, a Christian body founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879, and holding that only God and the mind have ultimate reality, sin and illness being illusions overcome by prayer and faith 基督教科学派 (1879 年由玛丽·贝克·艾迪创立的基督教派别，认为只有上帝和意识才具有最高实在性，罪恶和疾病都是些错觉，必须通过祈祷和信仰来克服) □ Christian Scientist  n.  

Christie /ˈkristi/ n. (also 亦作 Christy) (pl. -ies) Skiing  a sudden turn in which the skis are kept parallel, used for changing direction fast or stopping short 【滑雪】挪威式转弯，制动转弯 [abbreviation of Christiania (now Oslo) in Norway]

Christina /krisˈti:nə/   克里斯蒂娜 [人名]

Christine /ˈkristi:n, krisˈti:n/   克里斯廷 [人名]

Christingle /ˈkristiŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a lighted candle symbolizing Christ as the light of the world, held by children esp. at Advent services (尤指圣诞火礼拜式时举在儿童手中象征基督的)点燃的蜡烛 [perhaps from German Christkindl, diminutive of Christkind ‘Christ child’]

Christmas /ˈkrisməs/ n. & int. ●n. (pl. Christmases)  1 (also 亦作 Christmas Day)  the annual festival of Christ's birth, celebrated on 25 Dec 圣诞节 (12 月 25 日) 2  the season in which this occurs; the time immediately before and after 25 Dec 圣诞节期 (12 月 25 日前后的数日) ●int. slang  expressing surprise, dismay, etc. [俚语]哎呀，唉(表示惊讶、沮丧等) □ Christmassy  adj.  有圣诞节气氛的，适合于圣诞节的 [Old English Crīstes mœsse (MASS)]

Christmas box n. Brit.  a present or gratuity given at Christmas esp. to tradesmen and employees [英] (尤指送给小商贩或雇员的)圣诞节礼物，圣诞赏钱

Christmas cake n. Brit.  a rich fruit cake usu. covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas [英]圣诞节蛋糕(通常覆有杏仁蛋白糊、糖霜等，圣诞节时食用)

Christmas card n.  a card sent with greetings at Christmas 圣诞贺卡

Christmas Eve n.  the day or the evening before Christmas Day 圣诞节除夕，圣诞夜

Christmas pudding n. Brit.  a rich boiled pudding eaten at Christmas, made with flour, suet, dried fruit, etc. [英]圣诞布丁(圣诞节时食用的一种干果布丁)

Christmas rose n.  a small white-flowered winter-blooming plant, Helleborus niger 黑儿波(一种冬季开小白花的植物)

Christmas stocking n.  a real or ornamental stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Father Christmas to fill with presents 圣诞长袜(圣诞节前夕挂起供圣诞老人放礼物用)

Christmas tree n.  an evergreen (usu. spruce) or artificial tree set up with decorations at Christmas 圣诞树

Christo- /ˈkristəʊ/ comb. form  Christ [构词成分]基督

Christology /kriˈstɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of theology relating to Christ 基督学(神学中研究耶稣基督品德、行为的分科) □ Christological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

Christopher /ˈkristəfə/   克里斯托弗 [人名]

Christy var.  of CHRISTIE  CHRISTIE 的变体

chroma /ˈkrəʊmə/ n.  purity or intensity of colour 色品；色品度；色饱和度 [Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

chromate /ˈkrəʊmeit/ n. Chem.  a salt in which the anion contains both chromium (esp. in a higher valency) and oxygen 【化】(尤指化合键高的)铬酸盐；铬酸酯

chromatic /krə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  of or produced by colour; in (esp. bright) colours 颜色的，有颜色的，(尤指)色彩鲜艳的 2 Mus. 【音】  a  of or having notes not belonging to a diatonic scale 半音的，有半音节的b (of a scale) ascending or descending by semitones (指音阶)升(或降)半音的 □ chromatically  adv.  □ chromaticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [French chromatique or Latin chromaticus from Greek khrōmatikos, from khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

chromatic aberration n. Optics  the failure of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation to come to the same focus after refraction 【光学】色(像)差

chromaticity /krəʊməˈtisiti/ n.  the quality of colour regarded independently of brightness 色度；色品；颜色类型

chromatic semitone n. Mus.  an interval between a note and its flat or sharp 【音】变化半音

chromatid /ˈkrəʊmətid/ n. Biol.  either of two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division 【生】染色半体，染色单体 [Greek khrōma -atos ‘colour’ + -ID2]

chromatin /ˈkrəʊmətin/ n. Biochem.  the material in a cell nucleus that stains with basic dyes and consists of protein, RNA, and DNA, of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed 【生化】染色质，核染质；性染色质 [German: see CHROMATID]

chromato- /ˈkrəʊmətəʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 chromo- /ˈkrəʊməʊ/)  colour (chromatopsia 色视症，部分色盲) [构词成分]颜色 [Greek khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

chromatography /krəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/ n. Chem.  a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates 【化】色谱法 □ chromatograph  /-ˈmætəɡrɑ:f/ n.  □ chromatographic  /-mətə(ʊ)ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [German Chromatographie (as CHROMATO-, -GRAPHY)]

chromatopsia /krəʊməˈtɒpsiə/ n. Med.  abnormally coloured vision 【医】色视症；部分色盲 [CHROMATO- + Greek -opsia ‘seeing’]

chrome /krəʊm/ n.  1  chromium, esp. as plating 铬(尤作镀铬层) 2 (in full 全称 chrome yellow)  a yellow pigment obtained from lead chromate 铬黄颜料 [French, = chromium, from Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

chrome leather n.  leather tanned with chromium salts 铬(鞣)革

chrome steel n.  a hard fine-grained steel containing much chromium and used for tools etc. 铬钢

chromic /ˈkrəʊmik/ adj. Chem.  of or containing trivalent chromium 【化】铬的；含铬的，含三价铬的

chromic acid n.  an acid that exists only in solution or in the form of chromate salts 铬酸

chrominance /ˈkrəʊminəns/ n. Telev.  the colorimetric difference between a given colour and a standard colour of equal luminance 【电视】色品，色度(一种颜色与相同亮度的指定参考色之间的差异) [Greek khrōma ‘colour’ + LUMINANCE]

chromite /ˈkrəʊmait/ n.  1 Mineral.  a black mineral of chromium and iron oxides, which is the principal ore of chromium 【矿】铬铁矿 2 Chem.  a salt of divalent chromium 【化】亚铬酸盐，(二价)铬盐

chromium /ˈkrəʊmiəm/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic transition element, occurring naturally as chromite and used as a shiny decorative electroplated coating (symbol 符 Cr) 【化】(化学元素)铬 [modern Latin from French CHROME]

chromium-plate n. & v. ●n.  an electrolytically deposited protective coating of chromium 镀铬层 ●v. tr.  1  coat with this 镀铬 2 (as 作 chromium-plated adj.)  pretentiously decorative 花哨的，打扮俗气的

chromium steel n.  = CHROME STEEL 

chromo-1 /ˈkrəʊməʊ/ comb. form Chem.  chromium [构词成分]【化】铬

chromo-2 var.  of CHROMATO-  CHROMATO- 的变体

chromodynamics  see 见 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS 

chromolithograph /krəʊməʊˈliθəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  a coloured picture printed by lithography 彩色石印画 ●v. tr.  print or produce by this process 用彩色石版(或平版)印刷 □ chromolithographer  /-ˈθɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ chromolithographic  /-ˌliθəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ chromolithography  /-liˈθɒɡrəfi/ n.  

chromosome /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/ n. Biol.  each of the rodlike or threadlike structures of DNA and protein found in the nuclei of cells that carry the genetic information in the form of genes 【生】(动植物细胞核中携带遗传信息的)染色体 □ chromosomal  adj.   [German Chromosom (as CHROMO-2, -SOME3)]

chromosome map n.  a plan showing the relative positions of genes along the length of a chromosome (展现染色体上基因位置的)示意图

chromosphere /ˈkrəʊməsfiə/ n.  a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere between the photosphere and the corona 色球层(位于大气层光球层和日华之间) □ chromospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.   [CHROMO-2 + SPHERE]

Chron. abbr. [缩略]  Chronicles (Old Testament) 

chronic /ˈkrɒnik/ adj.  1  persisting for a long time (usu. of an illness or a personal or social problem) (疾病)慢性的；(个人或社会问题)长期的，不断的 2  having a chronic complaint 总是抱怨的 3 colloq.  habitual, inveterate [口]积习难改的，根深蒂固的  a chronic liar  积习难改的撒谎者 4 Brit. colloq.  very bad; intense, severe [英口]非常坏的；强烈的；严重的 □ chronically  adv.  □ chronicity  /krɒˈnisiti/ n.   [French chronique from Latin chronicus (in Late Latin of disease), from Greek khronikos from khronos ‘time’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of chronic in sense 3 is very informal, and its use in sense 4 is considered incorrect by some people. Chronic 的释义 3 是很不正规的用法；释义 4 则被一些人认为是错误的。 

chronic fatigue syndrome n.  = ME 2 

chronicle /ˈkrɒnik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a register of events in order of their occurrence 编年史，年代记 2  a narrative, a full account 记事，叙述 3 (作 Chronicles)  the name of two of the historical books of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible (《圣经·旧约》或希伯来《圣经》中的)《历代志》 ●v. tr.  record (events) in the order of their occurrence 把(事件)载入编年史；记录，记载 □ chronicler  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French cronicle, ultimately via Latin chronica from Greek khronika ‘annals’: see CHRONIC]

chrono- /ˈkrɒnəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  time 时间 [Greek khronos ‘time’]

chronograph /ˈkrɒnəɡrɑ:f/ n.  1  an instrument for recording time with extreme accuracy 精密记时仪；记时器 2  a stopwatch 跑表，秒表 □ chronographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  

chronological /krɒnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a number of events) arranged or regarded in the order of their occurrence (指一系列事件)按发生顺序排列的 2  of or relating to chronology 年代学的 □ chronologically  adv.  

chronology /krəˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study of historical records to establish the dates of past events 年代学 2  a  the arrangement of events, dates, etc. in the order of their occurrence (事件、日期等)按发生顺序的排列b  a table or document displaying this 年表 □ chronologist  n.  □ chronologize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  按年代顺序排列，确定(事件的)时间顺序 [modern Latin chronologia (as CHRONO-, -LOGY)]

chronometer /krəˈnɒmitə/ n.  a time-measuring instrument, esp. one keeping accurate time in spite of motion and variation in temperature, humidity, etc., and used in navigation 精确记时计；(航海)天文钟

chronometry /krəˈnɒmitri/ n.  the science of accurate time-measurement 计时学，精密计时法 □ chronometric  /krɒnəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ chronometrical  /krɒnəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ chronometrically  /krɒnəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  

chrysalid /ˈkris(ə)lid/ n.  = CHRYSALIS  [formed as CHRYSALIS]

chrysalis /ˈkris(ə)lis/ n. (pl. chrysalises or chrysalides /kriˈsælidi:z/)  1  a  a quiescent pupa of a butterfly or moth 蝶蛹，蛾蛹b  the hard outer case enclosing it 蛹壳，虫茧 2  a preparatory or transitional state 预备(或转化)阶段 [Latin from Greek khrusallis -idos, from khrusos ‘gold’]

chrysanth /kriˈsænθ, -z-/ n. Brit. colloq.  a cultivated chrysanthemum [英口] (人工栽培的)菊，菊花 [abbreviation]

chrysanthemum /kriˈsænθiməm, -z-/ n.  a plant of the genus Chrysanthemum or (if cultivated usu.) the genus Dendranthema (daisy family), having brightly coloured flowers 菊，菊花(雏菊科植物，花朵色彩鲜艳) [Latin from Greek khrusanthemon, from khrusos ‘gold’ + anthemon ‘flower’]

chryselephantine /kriseliˈfæntain/ adj. (of ancient Greek sculpture) overlaid with gold and ivory (古希腊雕塑)用黄金和象牙包着的 [Greek khruselephantinos from khrusos ‘gold’ + elephas ‘ivory’]

chrysoberyl /krisəˈberil/ n.  a yellowish-green gem consisting of a beryllium salt 金绿宝石 [Latin chrysoberyllus, from Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + bērullos ‘beryl’]

chrysolite /ˈkrisəlait/ n.  a precious stone, a yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine 贵橄榄石 [Middle English via Old French crisolite, medieval Latin crisolitus, and Latin chrysolithus from Greek khrusolithos, from khrusos ‘gold’ + lithos ‘stone’]

chrysoprase /ˈkrisəpreiz/ n.  1  an apple-green variety of chalcedony containing nickel and used as a gem 绿玉髓 2 (in the New Testament) probably a golden-green variety of beryl (《圣经·新约》中的)金绿宝石 [Middle English via Old French crisopace from Latin chrysopassus, variant of Latin chrysoprasus, from Greek khrusoprasos from khrusos ‘gold’ + prason ‘leek’]

chrysotile /ˈkrisətail/ n.  a form of asbestos 纤蛇纹石，温石棉 [Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + tilos ‘fibre’]

chthonic /ˈkθɒnik, ˈθɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 chthonian /ˈkθəʊniən, ˈθəʊ-/)  of, relating to, or inhabiting the underworld 阴间的，冥府的 [Greek khthōn ‘earth’]

chub /tʃʌb/ n.  a thick-bodied coarse-fleshed river fish, Leuciscus cephalus 圆鳍雅罗鱼(一种体厚肉糙的雅罗鱼属河鱼) [15th c.: origin unknown]

Chubb /tʃʌb/ n. (in full 全称 Chubb lock) propr.  a lock with a device for fixing the bolt immovably should someone try to pick it [商标]丘伯保险锁 [C. Chubb, London locksmith d. 1845]

chubby /ˈtʃʌbi/ adj. (chubbier, chubbiest)  plump and rounded (esp. of a person or a part of the body) (尤指人或人体部位)圆胖的，丰满的；圆脸的 □ chubbily  adv.  □ chubbiness  n.   [CHUB]

Chuck /tʃʌk/   查克 [人名]

chuck1 /tʃʌk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  fling or throw carelessly or with indifference [口] (胡乱或随便地)扔，抛 2 (often (Brit. [英]) foll. by 常后跟 in, up) colloq.  give up; reject [口]放弃，辞掉  chucked in my job  辞掉我的工作 3  touch playfully, esp. under the chin 抚弄，轻触(尤指下巴下面) ●n.  1  a playful touch under the chin 轻触，抚弄(尤指下巴下面) 2  a toss 扔，抛 3 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  dismissal [英] [俚语]辞退，解雇  he got the chuck  他被解雇了 □ chuck it  slang  stop, desist [俚语]停止；克制自己不干(某事)□ chuck out  colloq. [口]  1  expel (a person) from a gathering etc. 把(某人)从聚会等中撵走 2  get rid of, discard 抛弃，丢弃 [16th c., perhaps from French chuquer, choquer ‘to knock’]

chuck2 /tʃʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cut of beef between the neck and the ribs (颈至肋骨的)牛颈肉 2  a device for holding a workpiece in a lathe or a tool in a drill (车床上固定工件的)夹盘，卡盘；(钻床上固定钻头的)夹头 ●v. tr.  fix (wood, a tool, etc.) to a chuck 用夹头夹住；把…装进卡盘 [variant of CHOCK]

chuck3 /tʃʌk/ n. N. Amer. dial.  food, provisions [北美方]食物，口粮 [19th c.: perhaps from CHUCK2]

chuck4 /tʃʌk/ n. dial. (as a form of address) dear, darling [方] (称呼用语)宝贝儿，亲爱的 [alteration of CHICK1]

chucker-out n. Brit. colloq.  a person employed to expel troublesome people from a gathering etc. [英口] (聚会等场合为撵走捣乱者而雇佣的)保安人员

chuckle /ˈtʃʌk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  laugh quietly or inwardly 悄悄地笑；暗自笑 ●n.  a quiet or suppressed laugh 悄悄的笑；被抑制的笑 □ chuckler  n.   [chuck ‘cluck’]

chucklehead /ˈtʃʌk(ə)lhed/ n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 □ chuckleheaded  adj.   [chuckle ‘clumsy’, probably related to CHUCK2]

chuckwagon /ˈtʃʌkwæɡ(ə)n/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a provision cart on a ranch etc. (牧场上为牛仔提供饮食的)流动炊事车 2  a roadside eating place 路边餐饮处 [CHUCK3]

chuddar var.  of CHADOR  CHADOR 的变体

chuff /tʃʌf/ v. intr. (of a steam engine etc.) work with a regular sharp puffing sound (蒸汽机等)嚓嚓地运转 [imitative]

chuffed /tʃʌft/ adj. Brit. slang  delighted [英] [俚语]高兴的，愉快的 [dialect chuff ‘pleased’]

chug /tʃʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (chugged, chugging)  1  emit a regular muffled explosive sound, as of an engine running slowly (发动机缓慢运转时)发突突声 2  move with this sound 突突地运转 ●n.  a chugging sound 突突声 [imitative]

chukar /ˈtʃʊkɑ:/ n.  a red-legged partridge, Alectoris chukar, native to India 欧石鸡(一种红腿的石鸡属山鹑，产于印度) [Hindi cakor]

chukka /ˈtʃʌkə/ n. (US [美] chukker)  each of the periods of play (7 － 7(1/2) minutes) into which a game of polo is divided (马球比赛的)一局(为 7 至 7.5 分钟) [Hindi cakkar from Sanskrit cakra ‘wheel’]

chum1 /tʃʌm/ n. & v. ●n. colloq. (esp. among schoolchildren) a close friend. [口] (尤在中小学生之间)好朋友 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  share rooms 同室居住 □ chum up  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  become a close friend (of) 成为好朋友□ chummy  adj. (chummier, chummiest)  友好的，亲密的□ chummily  adv.  □ chumminess  n.   [17th c.: probably short for chamber-fellow]

chum2 /tʃʌm/ n. & v. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  1  refuse from fish (鱼排泄出的)垃圾 2  chopped fish used as bait 鱼饵(尤指切成小块的鱼) ●v.  1 intr.  fish using chum 用鱼饵钓鱼 2 tr.  bait (a fishing place) using chum 撒鱼饵诱鱼 [19th c.: origin unknown]

chump /tʃʌmp/ n.  1 colloq.  a foolish person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 2 Brit.  the thick end, esp. of a loin of lamb or mutton [英]粗钝的一端；(尤指)羊腰臀部的肉  chump chop  (羊等)腰臀部的厚肉块 3  a short thick block of wood 短粗的木块，木墩 4 Brit. slang  the head [英] [俚语]脑袋 □ off one's chump  Brit. slang  crazy [英] [俚语]发疯的，疯狂的 [18th c.: probably a blend of CHUNK and LUMP1]

chunder /ˈtʃʌndə/ v. intr. & n. Austral. slang  vomit [澳] [俚语]呕吐 [20th c.: origin unknown]

chunk /tʃʌŋk/ n.  1  a thick solid slice or piece of something firm or hard 厚片，大块 2  a substantial amount or piece 相当大的数量；相当大的部分 [probably variant of CHUCK2]

chunky /ˈtʃʌŋki/ adj. (chunkier, chunkiest)  1  containing or consisting of chunks 含有大块的；由大块组成的 2  short and thick; small and sturdy (指物)短粗的，厚实的；(指人)矮胖的，墩实的 3 (of clothes) made of a thick material (指衣服)用厚衣料制作的 □ chunkiness  n.  

Chunnel /ˈtʃʌn(ə)l/ n. colloq.  a tunnel under the English Channel linking England and France [口] (连接英国和法国的)英吉利海峡隧道 [portmanteau word from Channel tunnel]

chunter /ˈtʃʌntə/ v. intr. Brit. colloq.  mutter, grumble [英口]咕哝；嘟囔，小声抱怨 [probably imitative]

chupatty var.  of CHAPATTI  CHAPATTI 的变体

church /tʃɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building for public (usu. Christian) worship (通常指基督教的)礼拜堂，教堂 2  a meeting for public worship in such a building 礼拜  go to church  去做礼拜 met after church  礼拜后相遇 3 (usu. 通常作 Church) (prec. by 前接 the)  the body of all Christians 全体基督徒 4 (usu. 通常作 Church)  the clergy or clerical profession 神职，牧师职位  went into the Church  担任神职，成为牧师 5 (usu. 通常作 Church)  an organized Christian group or society of any time, country, or distinct principles of worship 基督教教会(或教派)  the primitive Church  早期基督教教会 Church of Scotland  苏格兰长老会 High Church  高教会派 6 (usu. 通常作 Church)  institutionalized religion as a political or social force 宗教权力机构，教会组织  Church and State  宗教与政权 ●v. tr. archaic  take (esp. a woman after childbirth) to church for a service of thanksgiving [古义]给(产妇)做感恩礼拜 [Old English cirice, circe, etc. via medieval Greek kurikon from Greek kuriakon (dōma) ‘Lord's (house) ’, from kurios ‘Lord’: cf. KIRK]

Church Army n. (in the UK) an organization of the Church of England concerned with social welfare 教会军(英国国教会的救世军)

Church Commissioners n. pl.  a body managing the finances of the Church of England 英国国教会财政管理委员会

churchgoer /ˈtʃɜ:tʃɡəʊə/ n.  a person who goes to church, esp. regularly (尤指定期)去教堂做礼拜的人 □ churchgoing  n. & adj.  

churchman /ˈtʃɜ:tʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a member of the clergy or of a Church 教士，牧师 2  a supporter of the Church 教徒

Church Militant n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the whole body of Christian believers as striving to combat evil on earth 战斗教会(指在人间与邪恶作战的全体基督教徒) [contrasted with ‘the Church Triumphant’ in heaven]

Church of England n.  the English branch of the Western Christian Church, which combines Catholic and Protestant traditions, rejects the pope's authority, and has the monarch as its titular head 英国国教会，英国圣公会

church school n.  1 (in the UK) a school founded by or associated with the Church of England (英国)教会学校 2 (in the US) a private school supported by a particular Church or parish (美国) (由某教堂或堂区资助的)私立学校

churchwarden /ˈtʃɜ:tʃwɔ:d(ə)n/ n.  1  a  either of the two main elected lay representatives in an Anglican parish, formally responsibile for movable church property and for keeping order in church (英国国教会)堂区俗人委员b US  a church administrator [美] (美国圣公会)堂区俗人执事 2 Brit.  a long-stemmed clay pipe [英]陶制长烟斗

churchwoman /ˈtʃɜ:tʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a woman member of the clergy or of a Church 女教士，女牧师 2  a woman supporter of the Church 女教徒

churchy /ˈtʃɜ:tʃi/ adj.  1  obtrusively or intolerantly devoted to the Church or opposed to religious dissent 忠于教会的；恪守教会信条的；不容异端的 2  like a church 似教堂的 □ churchiness  n.  

churchyard /ˈtʃɜ:tʃjɑ:d/ n.  the enclosed ground around a church, esp. as used for burials (尤指用作墓地的)教堂庭院，教堂基地

churinga /tʃʌˈriŋɡə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or churingas)  a sacred object, esp. an amulet, among the Australian Aboriginals (尤指澳大利亚土著人佩戴的)护身符 [Aranda jwerrenge ‘object from the dreaming’]

churl /tʃɜ:l/ n.  1  an ill-bred person 无教养的人，粗野的人 2 archaic  a peasant; a person of low birth [古义]农民，出身低贱的人 3 archaic  a surly or mean person [古义]吝啬鬼，守财奴 [Old English ceorl from a West Germanic root, = man]

churlish /ˈtʃɜ:liʃ/ adj.  surly; mean 脾气坏的；吝啬的，小气的 □ churlishly  adv.  □ churlishness  n.   [Old English cierlisc, ceorlisc from ceorl CHURL]

churn /tʃɜ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a large milk can [英]大奶罐 2  a machine for making butter by agitating milk or cream 搅乳器，黄油制造机 ●v.  1 tr.  agitate (milk or cream) in a churn 用搅乳器搅(牛奶、奶油等) 2 tr.  produce (butter) in this way 用搅乳器搅制(黄油) 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  cause distress to; upset, agitate 搅动；搅拌；使翻腾 4 intr. (of a liquid) seethe, foam violently (指液体)翻腾；打旋起泡  the churning sea  翻腾的海洋 5 tr.  agitate or move (liquid) vigorously, causing it to foam 猛烈搅动(液体使之起泡沫) □ churn out   produce routinely or mechanically, esp. in large quantities (尤指大量)粗制滥造 [Old English cyrin, from Germanic]

churr var.  of CHIRR  CHIRR 的变体

churrascaria /tʃʊˌræskəˈriə/ n.  a restaurant specializing in churrasco 烤牛肉餐馆，叉烧牛肉餐馆 [Spanish]

churrasco /tʃʊˈræskəʊ/ n.  a S. American dish consisting of steak barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire 叉烧牛排，烤牛排(一种在木柴或碳火上烧烤的南美菜肴) [Spanish, probably from Spanish dialect churrascar ‘burn’]

chute1 /ʃu:t/ n.  1  a sloping channel or slide, with or without water, for conveying things to a lower level (用于将物品运送到较低位置的)斜槽，滑道 2  a slide into a swimming pool (通向游泳池的)滑道，滑梯 [French chute ‘fall’ (of water etc.), from Old French cheoite, fem. past part. of cheoir ‘fall’, from Latin cadere; in some senses = SHOOT]

chute2 /ʃu:t/ n. colloq.  parachute [口]降落伞 □ chutist  n.   [abbreviation]

chutney /ˈtʃʌtni/ n. (pl. -eys)  a pungent originally Indian condiment made of fruits or vegetables, vinegar, spices, sugar, etc. 印度酸辣酱(一种用水果、蔬菜、醋、香料、糖等制成的调味品) [Hindi catnī]

chutzpah /ˈxʊtspə, ˈhʊ-/ n. slang  shameless audacity; cheek [俚语]大胆放肆；厚脸皮 [Yiddish]

chyle /kail/ n. Physiol.  lymph containing fats absorbed by the lacteals from the small intestine 【生理】乳糜 □ chylous  adj.   [Late Latin chylus from Greek khulos ‘juice’]

chyme /kaim/ n. Physiol.  the acidic semi-solid and partly digested food produced in the stomach by gastric activity 【生理】食糜 □ chymous  adj.   [Late Latin chymus from Greek khumos ‘juice’]

chypre /ʃi:pr(ə)/ n.  a heavy perfume made from sandalwood 西普香水(一种从檀木中制取的檀香型香精) [French, = Cyprus, perhaps where it was first made]

chèvre /ʃɛəvr(ə)/ n.  a variety of goat's-milk cheese 山羊奶酪 [French, = goat, she-goat]

CI abbr. [缩略]  1  Channel Islands (英国南部的)海峡群岛 2 hist.  Order of the Crown of India [史义]印度王室的勋位

Ci abbr. [缩略]  curie 

CIA abbr. (in the US) Central Intelligence Agency [缩略] (美国)中央情报局

ciabatta /tʃəˈbɑ:tə/ n. (pl. ciabattas)  1  a type of moist aerated Italian bread made with olive oil (一种加橄榄油熏蒸制作的)意大利面包 2  a loaf of this (一个)意大利面包 [Italian dialect, literally ‘slipper’ (from its shape)]

ciao /tʃaʊ/ int. colloq. [口]  1  goodbye 再见 2  hello 喂！  [Italian]

ciborium /siˈbɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. ciboria /-riə/)  1  a vessel with an arched cover used to hold the Eucharist (基督教供存放圣体的)有盖圣杯 2 Archit. 【建】  a  a canopy 天篷b  a shrine with a canopy 有华盖的宝座 [medieval Latin from Greek kibōrion ‘seed vessel of the water lily, a cup made from it’]

cicada /siˈkɑ:də/ n. (also 亦作 cicala /siˈkɑ:lə/)  any transparent-winged large insect of the family Cicadidae, the males of which make a loud rhythmic chirping sound 蝉，知了(蝉科昆虫，体大，翅膀透明，雄性会发出有节奏的高声鸣叫) [Latin cicada, cicala]

cicatrice /ˈsikətris/ n. (also 亦作 cicatrix /ˈsikətriks/) (pl. cicatrices /sikəˈtraisi:z/)  1  any mark left by a healed wound; a scar 瘢痕；伤疤 2 Bot. 【植】  a  a mark on a stem etc. left when a leaf or other part becomes detached (植物茎上的)叶痕，瘢痕b  a scar on the bark of a tree (树皮上的)疤痕，瘢痕 □ cicatricial  /sikəˈtriʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French cicatrice or Latin cicatrix -icis]

cicatrize /ˈsikətraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  heal (a wound) by scar formation 使结瘢，使愈合 2 intr. (of a wound) heal by scar formation (指伤口)结瘢，愈合 □ cicatrization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French cicatriser: see CICATRICE]

Cicely /ˈsisəli/   塞西莉 [人名]

cicely /ˈsisili/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various umbelliferous plants, esp. sweet cicely 欧洲没药(欧洲没药属植物，尤指甜没药) [apparently from Latin seselis from Greek, assimilated to the woman's Christian name]

cicerone /tʃitʃəˈrəʊni, sis-/ n. (pl. ciceroni pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a guide who gives information about antiquities, places of interest, etc. to sightseers 导游，导游者 [Italian, from Latin (see CICERONIAN) apparently alluding to the guides' eloquence and learning]

Ciceronian /sisəˈrəʊniən/ adj. (of language) eloquent, classical, or rhythmical, in the style of Cicero (指语言)雄辩的；古典的；有韵律的；西塞罗风格的 [Latin Ciceronianus from Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman and orator d. 43 BC]

cichlid /ˈsiklid/ n.  a tropical freshwater fish of the family Cichlidae, esp. of a kind kept in aquaria 丽鱼(一种热带丽鱼科淡水鱼，尤指在养鱼缸里喂养的丽鱼) [modern Latin Cichlidae from Greek kikhlē, a kind of fish]

CID abbr. (in the UK) Criminal Investigation Department [缩略] (英国) (伦敦警察厅)刑事调查部

-cide /said/ suffix forming nouns meaning 构成名词，表示 :  1  a person or substance that kills (regicide 弑君者 ; insecticide 杀虫剂) 杀死…的人(或物) 2  the killing of (infanticide 杀害婴儿 ; suicide 自杀) 杀死 [French from Latin -cida (sense 1), -cidium (sense 2), from caedere ‘kill’]

cider /ˈsaidə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] cyder)  1 Brit.  an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice [英]苹果酒 2 (in full 全称 apple cider) N. Amer.  a cloudy usu. unfermented drink made from crushing apples [北美] (通常指未经发酵的)苹果汁 [Middle English from Old French sidre, ultimately from Hebrew šēkɑˉr ‘strong drink’]

cider press n.  a press for crushing apples to make cider 苹果榨汁器

ci-devant /si:dəˈvɒ˜, 法 sidvɑ˜/ adj. & adv.  that has been (with person's earlier name or status); former or formerly (用于表示人原先的名字或身份)以前(的)；先前(的)，前任(的) [French, = heretofore]

CIE abbr. hist.  Companion (of the Order) of the Indian Empire [缩略] [史义]印度帝国勋位的最低级爵士

c.i.f. abbr.  cost, insurance, freight (as being included in a price) [缩略]到岸价格(即成本、保险费加运费)

cig /siɡ/ n. colloq.  cigarette, cigar [口]香烟，雪茄烟 [abbreviation]

cigala /siˈɡɑ:lə/ n.  = CICADA  [French cigale, Italian & Provençal cigala from Latin cicada]

cigar /siˈɡɑ:/ n.  a cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking 雪茄烟 [French cigare or Spanish cigarro]

cigarette /siɡəˈret/ n. (US [美] cigaret)  1  a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking 香烟，纸烟，烟卷 2  a similar cylinder containing a narcotic, herbs, or a medicated substance (含有麻醉剂、草药或药物的)烟卷 [French, diminutive of cigare CIGAR]

cigarette card n. Brit.  a small picture card of a kind formerly included in a packet of cigarettes [英]香烟卡(过去装在香烟包内的画片)

cigarette end n. Brit.  the unsmoked remainder of a cigarette [英]烟头，烟蒂

cigarillo /siɡəˈriləʊ, -ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small cigar 小雪茄烟 [Spanish, diminutive of cigarro CIGAR]

ciggy /ˈsiɡi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  cigarette [口]香烟 [abbreviation]

CIGS abbr. hist.  Chief of the Imperial General Staff [缩略] [史义] (英国)帝国总参谋长

ciliary /ˈsiliəri/ adj.  1 Biol.  of or relating to cilia 【生】纤毛的，关于纤毛的 2 Anat. 【解】  a  of or relating to the eyelids or eyelashes 眼皮的；睫毛的b  of or denoting the part of the eye (ciliary body 睫状体) connecting the iris to the choroid, and the muscle in it which controls the shape of the lens 睫状体的，睫状肌的

ciliate /ˈsilieit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having cilia 有纤毛的；有睫毛的 ●n.  a protozoan with cilia, of the phylum Ciliophora 纤毛虫(一种长有纤毛的原生动物)

cilice /ˈsilis/ n.  1  haircloth 马毛(或驼毛)布，马尾衬(刚毛织物) 2  a garment of this (苦行者或忏悔者贴身穿的)毛布内衣，刚毛衬衣 [French via Latin cilicium from Greek kilikion, from Kilikia, the Greek name of Cilicia in Asia Minor]

cilium /ˈsiliəm/ n. (pl. cilia /-liə/)  1 Anat. & Biol.  a short minute hairlike vibrating structure occurring, usu. in large numbers, on the surface of some cells, causing currents in the surrounding fluid or, in some small organisms, providing propulsion 【解】【生】(动物细胞表面的)纤毛，缘毛 2  an eyelash 睫毛 □ ciliated  adj.  □ ciliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin, = eyelash]

cill var.  of SILL  SILL 的变体

Cilla /ˈsilə/   西拉 [人名]

cimbalom /ˈsimb(ə)l(ə)m/ n.  a dulcimer 钦巴龙扬琴，洋琴 [Hungarian from Italian cembalo]

C.-in-C. abbr. [缩略]  Commander-in-Chief 

cinch /sin(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq. [口]  a  a sure thing; a certainty 必然(发生)的事情b  an easy task 容易的事情 2  a firm hold 紧握，抓牢 3  a girth for a saddle or pack, used in Mexico and the western US. (墨西哥及美国西部地区缚马鞍等用的)肚带，带子 ●v. tr.  1  a  tighten as with a cinch 将…缚牢，把…缚紧  cinched at the waist with a belt  用皮带把腰缚紧b  secure a grip on 紧握，抓牢 2 slang  make certain of [俚语]确保；弄清楚 3 esp. US  fix (a saddle etc.) securely by means of a girth; put a cinch on (a horse) [尤美]用肚带把(马鞍)缚牢，(给马)缚上肚带 [Spanish cincha]

cinchona /siŋˈkəʊnə/ n.  1  a  any evergreen tree or shrub of the S. American genus Cinchona, of the madder family, having fragrant flowers 金鸡纳树(南美常青灌木，花芳香)b (in full 全称 cinchona bark)  the bark of this tree, containing quinine 金鸡纳树树皮(含有奎宁) 2  any drug from this bark formerly used as a tonic and to stimulate the appetite 金鸡纳树皮制剂(过去通常用作补剂和开胃剂) □ cinchonic  /-ˈkɒnik/ adj.  □ cinchonine  /ˈsiŋkəni:n/ n.  金鸡纳宁，辛可宁 [modern Latin, named after a Countess of Chinchón d. 1641, who introduced the drug into Spain]

cincture /ˈsiŋktʃə/ n.  1 literary  a girdle, belt, or border [文学用语]束带；腰带；绲边 2 Archit.  a ring at either end of a column shaft 【建】柱带(柱头的轮形装饰) [Latin cinctura from cingere cinct- ‘gird’]

cinder /ˈsində/ n.  1  the residue of coal or wood etc. that has stopped giving off flames but still has combustible matter in it (未燃尽的)炭渣，炭屑；煤渣，煤屑 2  slag 炉渣；熔渣 3 (in pl. 用复数)  ashes 灰烬，煤灰，木炭灰 □ burnt to a cinder   made useless by burning 化为灰烬的，烧毁了的□ cindery  adj.   [Old English sinder from Germanic, assimilated to the unconnected French cendre and Latin cinis ‘ashes’: cf. SINTER]

Cinderella /sindəˈrelə/ n.  1  a person or thing of unrecognized or disregarded merit or beauty 被埋没的人才；有价值而未被发现的东西；被人忽视的美德(或美貌) 2  a neglected or despised member of a group (群体中)被忽视(或蔑视)的成员 [the name of a girl in a fairy tale]

Cindy /ˈsindi/   辛迪 [人名]

cine- /ˈsini/ comb. form  cinematographic (cine-camera 电影摄影机 ; cinephotography 电影摄影术) [构词成分]电影的 [abbreviation]

cineaste /ˈsiniæst/ n. (also 亦作 cineast)  a cinema enthusiast 电影爱好者，影迷 [French cinéaste (as CINE-): cf. ENTHUSIAST]

cinema /ˈsinimə, -mɑ:/ n.  1 Brit.  a theatre where motion-picture films (see 见 FILM n. 3) are shown [英]电影院 2  a  films collectively (总称)电影b  the production of films as an art or industry; cinematography 电影业；电影艺术，电影制片术 [French cinéma: see CINEMATOGRAPH]

cinema organ n. Mus.  a kind of organ with extra stops and special effects 【音】电影院管风琴(其音栓比一般风琴要多，音响效果独特，用于为无声电影伴奏)

cinematheque /siniməˈtek/ n.  1  a film library or archive (档案馆等附设的)文献电影馆 2  a small cinema 小影院 [French cinémathèque (as CINEMA), after bibliothèque ‘library’]

cinematic /siniˈmætik/ adj.  1  having the qualities characteristic of the cinema 有电影院特点的 2  of or relating to the cinema 电影院的；关于电影院的 □ cinematically  adv.  

cinematograph /siniˈmætəɡrɑ:f/ n. (also 亦作 kinematograph /kin-/) esp. Brit. hist.  an apparatus for making or showing motion-picture films [尤英史义]电影摄影机；电影放映机 [French cinématographe from Greek kinēma -atos ‘movement’, from kineō ‘move’]

cinematography /siniməˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the art of making motion-picture films 电影制片术；电影摄影术 □ cinematographer  n.  电影摄影师；电影放映员□ cinematographic  /-mætəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cinematographically  /-mætəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

cinephile /ˈsinifail/ n.  a person who is fond of the cinema 电影爱好者，影迷

cineraria /sinəˈrɛəriə/ n.  a plant, Pericallis cruenta (daisy family), cultivated for its bright flowers 瓜叶菊(雏菊科植物，人工栽培以收获其鲜艳的花朵) [modern Latin former genus name, fem. of Latin cinerarius ‘of ashes’ from cinis -eris ‘ashes’, from the ash-coloured down on the leaves]

cinerarium /sinəˈrɛəriəm/ n. (pl. cinerariums)  a place where a cinerary urn is deposited 骨灰存放处；骨灰瓮 [Late Latin, neut. of cinerarius: see CINERARIA]

cinerary /ˈsinərəri/ adj.  of ashes 灰的，骨灰的 [Latin cinerarius: see CINERARIA]

cinerary urn n.  an urn for holding the ashes after cremation 骨灰瓮

cinereous /siˈniəriəs/ adj. (esp. of a bird or plumage) ash-grey (尤指鸟或羽毛)灰色的 [Latin cinereus from cinis -eris ‘ashes’]

Cingalese /siŋɡəˈli:z/ adj. & n. (pl. same 单复同) archaic  Sinhalese [古义]僧伽罗人(的)，僧伽罗语(的) [French cing(h)alais: see SINHALESE]

cingulum /ˈsiŋɡjʊləm/ n. (pl. cingula /-lə/) Anat.  a girdle, belt, or analogous structure, esp. a ridge surrounding the base of the crown of a tooth 【解】带，扣带；腰部；(尤指牙齿的)舌面嵴，舌面隆突 [Latin, = belt]

cinnabar /ˈsinəbɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a bright red mineral form of mercuric sulphide from which mercury is obtained 辰砂，朱砂，银朱(一种鲜红色矿石形式的硫化汞，从中可以提取水银) 2  vermilion 朱红色 3  a moth, Tyria jacobaeae, with red wing markings 红棒球蝶灯蛾，千里光蛾(其翅膀上有红色斑点) ●adj.  bright red 鲜红色的 [Middle English via Latin cinnabaris from Greek kinnabari, of oriental origin]

cinnamon /ˈsinəmən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an aromatic spice from the peeled, dried, and rolled bark of a SE Asian tree 肉桂(树)皮，桂皮香料(产于东南亚) 2  any tree of the genus Cinnamomum, esp. C. zeylanicum, yielding the spice 桂树，肉桂树，牡桂(樟属乔木) 3  yellowish brown 黄褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 黄褐色的 [Middle English via Old French cinnamome and Latin cinnamomum from Greek kinnamōmon, and Latin cinnamon from Greek kinnamon, from Semitic (cf. Hebrew ḳinnɑˉmôn)]

cinque /siŋk/ n. (also 亦作 cinq)  the five on dice (骰子、纸牌等的)五点 [Middle English via Old French cinc, cink from Latin quinque ‘five’]

cinquecento /tʃiŋkwiˈtʃentəʊ/ n.  the style of Italian art and literature of the 16th c., with a reversion to classical forms (意大利文学艺术)16 世纪风格 □ cinquecentist  n.   [Italian, = 500 (shortened from milcinquecento ‘1500’) used with reference to the years 1500 － 99]

cinquefoil /ˈsiŋkfɔil/ n.  1  a herbaceous plant of the genus Potentilla (rose family), with compound leaves of five leaflets 委陵菜(蔷薇科草本植物，其叶为五片复叶) 2 Archit.  a five-cusped ornament in a circle or arch 【建】(圆形或弧形中的)五瓣花饰 [Middle English from Latin quinquefolium, from quinque ‘five’ + folium ‘leaf’]

Cinque Ports /siŋk ˈpɔ:ts/ n. pl. (in the UK) a group of ports (originally five only, Hastings, Sandwich, Dover, Romney, and Hythe, later also Rye and Winchelsea) on the SE coast of England with ancient privileges (英国)五港同盟(中世纪时享有特权的英格兰东南部沿海港口，原指黑斯廷斯、桑威奇、多佛、罗姆尼和海斯，后来增加了拉伊和温奇尔西) [Middle English from Old French cink porz, Latin quinque portus ‘five ports’]

cinéma-vérité /ˌsiniməˈveritei, 法 sinemaverite/ n. Cinematog. 【电影】  1  the art or process of making realistic (esp. documentary) films which avoid artificiality and artistic effect 实况纪录片的拍摄；纪录影片制片术 2  such films collectively (总称)纪录影片 [French, = cinema truth]

ciné-vérité /siniˈveritei, 法 sineverite/ n. Cinematog 【电影】  = CINÉMA-VÉRITÉ 

cion US var.  of SCION 1 SCION 1 的变体

cipher /ˈsaifə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 cypher) ●n.  1  a  a secret or disguised way of writing 密码，暗号b  a thing written in this way 密码文件，密码信函，密码电报c  the key to it 密码检索本，密码索引 2  the arithmetical symbol (0) denoting no amount but used to occupy a vacant place in decimal etc. numeration (as in 12.05) (算术中代表无或零的符号)零(即 0) 3  a person or thing of no importance 无足轻重的人，无价值的东西 4  the interlaced initials of a person or company etc.; a monogram (姓名、公司名称等首字母的)拼合字，花押字 5  any Arabic numeral 阿拉伯数字 6  continuous sounding of an organ pipe, caused by a mechanical defect (由于机械故障引起的)风琴音管的连响 ●v.  1 tr.  put into secret writing, encipher 使用密码，用密码书写 2  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  work out by arithmetic, calculate (用算术)计算b intr. archaic  do arithmetic [古义]做算术 [Middle English, from Old French cif(f)re, ultimately from Arabic ṣifr ZERO]

cipolin /ˈsipəlin/ n.  an Italian white and green marble 云母大理石(一种有白绿条纹的意大利大理石) [French cipolin or Italian cipollino from cipolla ‘onion’]

circa /ˈsɜ:kə/ prep. (often preceding a date) about; approximately (常于日期前表示)大约 [Latin]

circadian /sɜ:ˈkeidiən/ adj. Physiol.  occurring or recurring about once per day 【生理】昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的(即大约每天一次的) [formed irregularly from Latin circa ‘about’ + dies ‘day’]

circinate /ˈsɜ:sinət, -eit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  rolled up with the apex in the centre, e.g. of young fronds of ferns 【植】【动】拳卷的，旋卷的(比如蕨类植物嫩叶的形状) [Latin circinatus, past part. of circinare ‘make round’, from circinus ‘pair of compasses’]

circle /ˈsɜ:k(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a round plane figure whose circumference is everywhere equidistant from its centre 圆，圆圈b  the line enclosing a circle 圆周线 2  a roundish enclosure or structure 环形围栏(或建筑) 3  a ring 戒指 4  a curved upper tier of seats in a theatre etc. (剧场等中的)弧形梯级座位  dress circle  剧场中供穿夜礼服观众坐的第一层楼厅的前排座位 5  a circular route 环形路线 6 US [美]  = CIRCUSn. 3  7 Archaeol.  a group of (usu. large embedded) stones arranged in a circle 【考古】圆形巨石阵 8 Hockey 【曲棍球】  = STRIKING-CIRCLE  9  persons grouped round a centre of interest (具有共同利益或兴趣者形成的)圈子，伙，组 10  a set or class or restricted group 阶层，界  literary circles  文学界 not done in the best circles  不符合最上等阶层的规矩 11  a period or cycle 周期，循环  the circle of the year  岁月的循环 12 (in full 全称 vicious circle)  a  an unbroken sequence of reciprocal cause and effect 恶性循环b  an action and reaction that intensify each other (cf. 参见 VIRTUOUS CIRCLE) 良性循环c  the fallacy of proving a proposition from another which depends on the first for its own proof 循环论证，循环定义 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 round, about)  move in a circle 环行，盘旋 2 tr.  a  revolve round 使转圈；环绕…运行b  form a circle round 围起，圈起 □ circle back   move in a wide loop towards the starting point 兜圈子往回转□ come full circle   return to the starting point 兜了个圈子回到原处□ go round in circles   make no progress despite effort 在原地兜圈子；(虽努力但)毫无进展□ run round in circles  colloq.  be fussily busy with little result [口]瞎忙，空忙 [Middle English via Old French cercle from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus ‘ring’]

circlet /ˈsɜ:klit/ n.  1  a small circle 小圈 2  a circular band, esp. of gold or jewelled etc., as an ornament (尤指用黄金或珠宝等制作的)环形饰物

circlip /ˈsɜ:klip/ n.  a metal ring sprung into a slot or groove in a bar etc. to hold a thing in place (起固定作用的)簧环，弹性挡圈 [blend of CIRCLE, CIRCULAR, etc. and CLIP1 n. 1]

circs /sɜ:ks/ n. pl. colloq.  circumstances [口]情形，环境 [abbreviation]

circuit /ˈsɜ:kit/ n.  1  a  a line or course enclosing an area; the distance round 周线；周线长度b  the area enclosed 圈起的地区，范围 2 Electr. 【电】  a  the path of a current 电路，线路b  the apparatus through which a current passes 电路装置 3  a  the journey of a judge in a particular district to hold courts (法官)巡回审判旅行b  this district (法官)巡回审判区c  the lawyers following a circuit 巡回律师团 4  a chain of theatres or cinemas etc. under a single management (统一经营的)联号剧场，联号影院 5 Brit.  a motor racing track [英]汽车赛车道 6  a  a sequence of sporting events (体育)巡回赛  the US tennis circuit  美国网球巡回赛b  a sequence of athletic exercises 一套体操基本动作 7  a roundabout journey 环行，巡游 8  a  a group of local Methodist Churches forming a minor administrative unit 卫理公会组织(由基督教地方教堂组成的小型管理单位)b  the journey of an itinerant minister within this (卫理公会)巡回布道牧师的旅行 9  an itinerary or route followed by an entertainer, politician, etc.; a sphere of operation (演员定期前往演出的)巡回路线；(政客定期前往演讲的)巡回路线，  election circuit  竞选巡回演讲 cabaret circuit  卡巴莱歌舞巡回演出 [Middle English via Old French from Latin circuitus, from CIRCUM- + ire it- ‘go’]

circuit board n.  a thin rigid board containing an electric circuit, esp. = PRINTED CIRCUIT 线路板；(尤指)印刷线路板

circuit-breaker n.  an automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric circuit 断路器，断路开关

circuitous /sɜ:ˈkju:itəs/ adj.  1  indirect (and usu. long) 间接(而且往往冗长)的 2  going a long way round 迂回的，绕行的 □ circuitously  adv.  □ circuitousness  n.   [medieval Latin circuitosus from circuitus CIRCUIT]

circuitry /ˈsɜ:kitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a system of electric circuits 电路系统，电路图 2  the equipment forming this 电路元件

circular /ˈsɜ:kjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  having the form of a circle 圆的，圆形的，环形的b  moving or taking place along a circle 循环的，循环发生的  circular tour  环程旅行 2 Logic (of reasoning) depending on a vicious circle 【逻辑学】(推理)循环论证的 3 (of a letter or advertisement etc.) for distribution to a large number of people (书信或广告等)供传阅的；流通的 ●n.  a circular letter, leaflet, etc. 供传阅的信函(传单等) □ circularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ circularly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French circuler, Old French circulier, cerclier, via Late Latin circularis from Latin circulus CIRCLE]

circularize /ˈsɜ:kjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  distribute circulars to 传阅(信函)；散发(公告) 2 US  seek opinions of (people) by means of a questionnaire [美] (通过散发征询意见表)征求意见 □ circularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

circular saw n.  a power saw with a rapidly rotating toothed disc 圆锯，圆盘锯

circulate /ˈsɜ:kjʊleit/ v.  1 intr.  go round from one place or person etc. to the next and so on; be in circulation 循环，环行；流传，传播 2 tr.  a  cause to go round; put into circulation 使环行，使循环；使流通b  give currency to (a report etc.) 传阅(报告等)c  circularize 公布 3 intr.  be actively sociable at a party, gathering, etc. 周旋(指活跃于社交聚会等场合) □ circulative  adj.  □ circulator  n.   [Latin circulare circulat- from circulus CIRCLE]

circulating library n. hist.  a small library with books lent for a small fee to subscribers [史义] (收取小额费用的)租书图书馆

circulating medium n.  notes or gold etc. used in exchange 通货

circulation /sɜ:kjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  movement to and fro, or from and back to a starting point, esp. of a fluid in a confined area or circuit (尤指液体在固定区域或线路的)循环，运行；环流b  the movement of blood to and from the tissues of the body (体内的)血液循环c  a similar movement of sap etc. (汁液等的)循环 2  a  the transmission or distribution (of news or information or books etc.) (书报、信息、消息等的)发行，流通b  the number of copies sold, esp. of journals and newspapers (尤指报刊)发行量 3  a  currency, coin, etc. 通货，货币，硬币b  the movement or exchange of this in a country etc. (货币的)流通 □ in (or out of) circulation   participating (or not participating) in activities etc. 在(不在)参加活动等的 [French circulation or Latin circulatio, from circulare CIRCULATE]

circulatory /ˈsɜ:kjʊlət(ə)ri, sɜ:kjʊˈleit(ə)ri/ adj.  of or relating to the circulation of blood or sap (血液或汁液)循环的

circum- /ˈsɜ:kəm/ prefix round, about, around 环绕，在…周围， used 用作 :  1  adverbially (circumambient 周围的，围绕的 ; circumfuse 围绕，充满) (副词性) 2  prepositionally (circumlunar 绕月球旋转的 ; circumocular 眼球周围的) (介词性) [from or suggested by Latin circum prep. = round, about]

circumambient /sɜ:kəmˈæmbiənt/ adj. (esp. of air or another fluid) surrounding (尤指空气或另一种流体)周围的，围绕的 □ circumambience  n.  □ circumambiency  n.  

circumambulate /sɜ:kəmˈæmbjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr. formal  walk round or about [正式]绕…而行，在…巡行，绕行 □ circumambulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumambulatory  adj.   [CIRCUM- + ambulate from Latin ambulare ‘walk’]

circumcircle /ˈsɜ:kəmsɜ:k(ə)l/ n. Geom.  a circle touching all the vertices of a triangle or polygon 【几】外接圆(即与三角形或多边形所有顶角相交的圆)

circumcise /ˈsɜ:kəmsaiz/ v. tr.  1  cut off the foreskin of, as a Jewish or Muslim rite or a surgical operation (犹太教或伊斯兰教)为…行割礼；(外科手术)切除包皮 2  cut off the clitoris (and sometimes the labia) of, as a traditional practice among some peoples (某些民族的传统做法)切除阴蒂(有时和阴唇) 3 Bibl.  purify (the heart etc.) 【圣经】净心，去…的邪念 [Middle English via Old French from Latin circumcidere circumcis- (as CIRCUM-, caedere ‘cut’)]

circumcision /sɜ:kəmˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or rite of circumcising or being circumcised 包皮(或阴蒂)切除；割礼 2 (Circumcision) Eccl.  the feast of the Circumcision of Christ, 1 Jan 【教会】割礼节 (1 月 1 日，纪念耶稣受割) [Middle English via Old French circoncision from Late Latin circumcisio -onis (as CIRCUMCISE)]

circumference /səˈkʌmf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the enclosing boundary, esp. of a circle or other figure enclosed by a curve 圆周，周缘，周线 2  the distance round 周长 □ circumferential  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ circumferentially  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French circonference from Latin circumferentia (as CIRCUM-, ferre ‘bear’)]

circumflex /ˈsɜ:kəmfleks/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 circumflex accent)  a mark (ʌ or ^) placed over a vowel in some languages to indicate a contraction, length, or a special quality 音调符号(某些语言中加在元音字母上表示音长、音高、重音或升降调等) ●adj. Anat.  curved, bending round something else 【解】卷曲的，旋绕的  circumflex nerve  旋绕神经 [Latin circumflexus (as CIRCUM-, flectere flex- ‘bend’), translation of Greek perispōmenos ‘drawn around’]

circumfluent /sɜ:ˈkʌmflʊənt/ adj.  flowing round, surrounding 环流的，围绕的 □ circumfluence  n.   [Latin circumfluere (as CIRCUM-, fluere ‘flow’)]

circumfuse /sɜ:kəmˈfju:z/ v. tr.  pour round or about 在周围倾注，在周围散布 [CIRCUM- + Latin fundere fus- ‘pour’]

circumjacent /sɜ:kəmˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj.  situated around 位于周围的，四周毗邻的 [Latin circumjacēre (as CIRCUM-, jacēo ‘lie’)]

circumlocution /sɜ:kəmləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a roundabout expression 迂回的说法b  evasive talk 遁词 2  the use of many words where fewer would do; verbosity 累赘的说法，啰唆，冗长 □ circumlocutional  adj.  □ circumlocutionary  adj.  □ circumlocutionist  n.  □ circumlocutory  /-ˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from French circumlocution or Latin circumlocutio (as CIRCUM-, LOCUTION), translation of Greek PERIPHRASIS]

circumlunar /sɜ:kəmˈlu:nə/ adj.  moving or situated around the moon 绕月球运行的，位于月球周围的

circumnavigate /sɜ:kəmˈnæviɡeit/ v. tr.  sail round (esp. the world) 环绕航行(尤指环绕地球) □ circumnavigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumnavigator  n.   [Latin circumnavigare (as CIRCUM-, NAVIGATE)]

circumpolar /sɜ:kəmˈpəʊlə/ adj.  1 Geog.  around or near one of the earth's poles 【地理】环极的；地极附近的 2 Astron. (of a star or motion etc.) above the horizon at all times in a given latitude 【天】(指星球或运动)拱极的；天极附近的

circumscribe /ˈsɜ:kəmskraib/ v. tr.  1 (of a line etc.) enclose or outline (线段等)环绕，包围；画轮廓 2  lay down the limits of; confine, restrict 限制，限定，约束 3 Geom.  draw (a figure) round another, touching it at points but not cutting it (cf. 参见 INSCRIBE 4) 【几】使外接，使外切 □ circumscribable  /-ˈskraibəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ circumscriber  n.  □ circumscription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin circumscribere (as CIRCUM-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

circumsolar /sɜ:kəmˈsəʊlə/ adj.  moving or situated around or near the sun 围绕太阳的；绕太阳运行的；近太阳的

circumspect /ˈsɜ:kəmspekt/ adj.  wary, cautious; taking everything into account 谨慎的，慎重的；小心翼翼的；考虑周到的 □ circumspection  /-ˈspekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ circumspectly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin circumspicere circumspect- (as CIRCUM-, specere spect- ‘look’)]

circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmst(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  a fact, occurrence, or condition, esp. (in pl. 用复数) the time, place, manner, cause, occasion, etc., or surroundings of an act or event 事实，事件，条件；情况，环境b (in pl. 用复数 , or sing. as 或用单数作 non-count noun)  the external conditions that affect or might affect an action 外部条件，形势  a victim of circumstance(s)  形势的受害者 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  an incident, occurrence, or fact, as needing consideration (需要考虑的)事件，事变，事实  the circumstance that he left early  他动身早这一事实 3 (in pl. 用复数)  one's state of financial or material welfare 境遇，境况，经济状况  in reduced circumstances  经济拮据 4  ceremony, fuss 仪式，形式  pomp and circumstance  排场，大场面 5  full detail in a narrative 细节，详情  told it with much circumstance  极其详细地讲述这件事 □ in (or under) the (or these) circumstances   the state of affairs being what it is 在这种(些)情况下，情况既然如此□ in (or under) no circumstances   not at all; never 无论如何也不，决不□ circumstanced  adj.   [Middle English from Old French circonstance or Latin circumstantia (as CIRCUM-, stantia from stare ‘stand’: see -ANCE)]

circumstantial /sɜ:kəmˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  given in full detail 详尽的，包括所有细节的  a circumstantial account  详尽的叙述 2 (of evidence, a legal case, etc.) tending to establish a conclusion by inference from known facts hard to explain otherwise (证据、案件等)需由已知事实通过推理得出结论的 3  a  depending on circumstances 取决于环境的，视情况而定的b  adventitious, incidental 偶然的，次要的，非本质的 □ circumstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ circumstantially  adv.   [Latin circumstantia: see CIRCUMSTANCE]

circumterrestrial /sɜ:kəmtəˈrestriəl/ adj.  moving or situated around the earth 环绕地球运转的，围绕地球的

circumvallate /sɜ:kəmˈvæleit/ v. tr.  surround with or as with a rampart 用壁垒围住的；似用壁垒围住的 [Latin circumvallare circumvallat- (as CIRCUM-, vallare from vallum ‘rampart’)]

circumvent /sɜ:kəmˈvent/ v. tr.  1  a  evade (a difficulty); find a way round 规避(困难)；绕过b  baffle, outwit 以计击败，智胜 2  entrap (an enemy) by surrounding 包围(敌人)，使(敌人)落入圈套 □ circumvention  n.   [Latin circumvenire circumvent- (as CIRCUM-, venire ‘come’)]

circumvolution /sɜ:kəmvəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  rotation 旋转 2  the winding of one thing round another 盘绕，缠绕 3  a sinuous movement 迂回的运动，蜿蜒 [Middle English from Latin circumvolvere circumvolut- (as CIRCUM-, volvere ‘roll’)]

circus /ˈsɜ:kəs/ n. (pl. circuses)  1  a travelling show of performing animals, acrobats, clowns, etc. (动物、杂技演员、小丑等的)马戏演出；马戏团 2 colloq. [口]  a  a scene of lively action; a disturbance 热闹的场面；骚乱b  a group of people in a common activity, esp. sport (尤指体育)集体示范表演组 3 Brit.  a rounded open space in a town, where several streets converge [英]环形交叉口，环形广场  Piccadilly Circus  皮卡迪利广场 4  a circular hollow surrounded by hills (丘陵围成的)圆形凹地 5 Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  a  a rounded or oval arena with tiers of seats, for equestrian and other sports and games 竞技场；马戏场b  a performance given there 竞技表演；马戏演出  bread and circuses  食品和娱乐 6 (作 the Circus) slang  the British secret service [俚语]英国特务机关，特工部 [Latin, = ring]

cire perdue /siə pɜ:ˈdju:, 法 sir pɛrdy/ n.  a method of bronze-casting using a clay core and a wax coating placed in a mould: the wax is melted in the mould and bronze poured into the space left, producing a hollow bronze figure when the core is discarded (青铜)失蜡浇铸法 [French, = lost wax]

cirque /sɜ:k/ n.  1 Geol.  a deep bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a valley or on a mountainside 【地质】(山谷入口或山坡的)圆形凹地 2 poet. [诗]  a  a ring 圈，环b  an amphitheatre or arena 圆形(露天)剧场；竞技场 [French, from Latin CIRCUS]

cirrhosis /siˈrəʊsis/ n. Med.  a chronic disease of the liver marked by the degeneration of cells, inflammation, and the fibrous thickening of tissue, as a result of alcoholism, hepatitis, etc. 【医】(由酒精中毒、肝尖等引起的)肝硬化，肝硬变 □ cirrhotic  /siˈrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek kirrhos ‘tawny’]

cirriped /ˈsiriped/ n. (also 亦作 cirripede /ˈsiripi:d/)  any marine crustacean of the class Cirripedia, which comprises the barnacles 蔓足亚纲动物，附着甲壳动物(海洋软体动物，多附着于岩石或漂浮物) [modern Latin Cirripedia, from Latin cirrus ‘curl’ (from the form of the legs) + pes pedis ‘foot’]

cirro- /ˈsirəʊ/ comb. form  denoting cloud types formed at high altitudes (above 6 km or 20,000 feet) [构词成分]表示(在 6,000 米以上高空形成的)“卷云” [CIRRUS]

cirrocumulus /sirəʊˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud forming a broken layer of small fleecy clouds at high altitude, as in a mackerel sky 【气】(高空中的)卷积云

cirrostratus /sirəʊˈstrɑ:təs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud forming a thin, fairly uniform layer at high altitude 【气】(高空中的)卷层云

cirrus /ˈsirəs/ n. (pl. cirri /-rai/)  1 Meteorol. 【气】  a  cloud formed at high altitude as delicate white wisps 卷云b  a cloud of this type (一片)卷云 2 Bot.  a tendril 【植】卷须 3 Zool.  a long slender appendage or filament 【动】触须，触毛；蔓足 □ cirrose  adj.  □ cirrous  adj.   [Latin, = curl]

ciré /ˈsi:rei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fabric with a smooth shiny surface obtained esp. by waxing and heating 蜡光织物 ●adj.  having such a surface 蜡光的，富有光泽的 [French, = waxed]

CIS abbr.  Commonwealth of Independent States (consisting of countries of the former Soviet Union) [缩略]独联体，独立国家联合体(由前苏联解体后的国家组成)

cis- /sis/ prefix (opp. 反义 TRANS- or ULTRA-)  1  on this side of; on the side nearer to the speaker or writer (cisatlantic 在大西洋这一边的) 在…这一边的，靠近说话者或者写作者的 2 Rom. Antiq.  on the Roman side of (cisalpine 在阿尔卑斯山脉南侧的) [古罗马]表示“在罗马这一边的” 3 (of time) closer to the present (cis-Elizabethan 伊丽莎白之后的) (时间)离现在近的，在…之后的 4 Chem. (of an isomer) having two atoms or groups on the same side of a given plane in the molecule 【化】(异构体)顺(式)的 [Latin cis ‘on this side of’]

cisalpine /sisˈælpain/ adj.  on the southern side of the Alps 在阿尔卑斯山脉南侧的(即靠近罗马这一边的)

cisatlantic /sisətˈlæntik/ adj.  on this side of the Atlantic (就说话者所在位置而言)在大西洋这一边的

cisco /ˈsiskəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  any of various N. American freshwater whitefish of the genus Coregonus 加拿大白鲑(北美洲淡水白鱼) [19th c.: origin unknown]

cislunar /sisˈlu:nə/ adj.  between the earth and the moon 在月球与地球之间的

cispontine /sisˈpɒntain/ adj.  on the north (originally the better-known) side of the Thames in London (伦敦)泰晤士河北侧的 [CIS- + Latin pons pont- ‘bridge’]

cissy var.  of SISSY  SISSY 的变体

cist1 /sist/ n. (also 亦作 kist /kist/) Archaeol.  a coffin or burial chamber made from stone or a hollowed tree 【考古】石棺，墓窖；空心树干棺 [Welsh, = CHEST]

cist2 /sist/ n. Gk Antiq.  a box used for sacred utensils [古希腊]圣器箱(或柜) [Latin cista from Greek kistē ‘box’]

Cistercian /siˈstɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a monk or nun of an order founded in 1098 as a stricter branch of the Benedictines 西多会修士(或修女) ●adj.  of the Cistercians 西多会的 [French cistercien from Cistercium, the Latin name of Cîteaux near Dijon in France, where the order was founded]

cistern /ˈsistən/ n.  1  a tank for storing water, esp. supplying taps or as part of a flushing lavatory (尤指屋顶上的)贮水器，蓄水箱；(抽水马桶的)水箱 2  an underground reservoir for rainwater (贮存雨水的)地下蓄水池 [Middle English via Old French cisterne from Latin cisterna (as CIST2)]

cistus /ˈsistəs/ n.  any shrub of the genus Cistus, with large white or red flowers Also called 亦称作 ROCK ROSE 岩蔷薇(岩玫瑰属灌木，开白色或红色大花朵) [modern Latin, from Greek kistos]

citadel /ˈsitəd(ə)l, -del/ n.  1  a fortress, usu. on high ground protecting or dominating a city (建于高处用来保护或俯视城池的)城堡，堡垒，要塞 2  a meeting hall of the Salvation Army 救世军会议厅 [French citadelle or Italian citadella, ultimately from Latin civitas -tatis ‘city’]

citation /saiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the citing of a book or other source; a passage cited 引证，引经据典；引文 2  a mention in an official dispatch 传令嘉奖，通报表彰 3  a note accompanying an award, describing the reasons for it 表扬信；表彰，嘉奖

cite /sait/ v. tr.  1  adduce as an instance 提出(例证)，举例 2  quote (a passage, book, or author) in support of an argument etc. 引用，引证(段落、书籍、作者等) 3  mention in an official dispatch 传令嘉奖 4  summon to appear in a law court 传唤，传讯 □ citable  adj.   [Middle English via French from Latin citare, from ciēre ‘set moving’]

CITES abbr.  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [缩略]濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约

citified /ˈsitifaid/ adj. (also 亦作 cityfied) usu. derog.  city-like or urban in appearance or behaviour [常贬] (指外表或行为)城市气的，城市派头的

citizen /ˈsitiz(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized 公民  British citizen  英国公民 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  an inhabitant of a city 市民，城镇居民b  a freeman of a city 自由民 3 US  a civilian [美]平民，百姓 □ citizenhood  n.  公民身份，公民□ citizenry  n.  (总称)公民，市民；平民百姓□ citizenship  n.  公民(或市民)资格，公民(或市民)身份 [Middle English from Anglo-French citesein, Old French citeain, ultimately from Latin civitas -tatis ‘city’: cf. DENIZEN]

citizen of the world n.  a person who is at home anywhere; a cosmopolitan 世界公民，四海为家者；世界主义者

Citizens' Advice Bureau n. (in the UK) an office at which the public can receive free advice and information on civil matters (英国)民政事务咨询局

citizen's arrest n.  an arrest by an ordinary person without a warrant, allowable in certain cases (在某些情况下法律许可的)公民对现行犯的逮捕

citizens' band n.  a system of local intercommunication by individuals on special radio frequencies 民用波段，民用电台频带

Citizen's Charter n. Polit.  a document, esp. a British government document of 1991, guaranteeing citizens the right of redress where a public service fails to meet certain standards 【政】(尤指英国政府 1991 年发布的)公民补偿法令

citole /siˈtəʊl/ n. hist.  a musical instrument akin to the lute, a precursor of the cittern [史义]西特琴(一种类似鲁特琴的拨弦乐器) [Middle English from Old French: related to CITTERN with diminutive suffix]

citrate /ˈsitreit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of citric acid 【化】柠檬酸盐(或酯)

citric /ˈsitrik/ adj.  derived from citrus fruit 取自柠檬(或柑橘)的 □ citrate  n.   [French citrique from Latin citrus ‘citron’]

citric acid n.  a sharp-tasting water-soluble organic acid found in the juice of lemons and other sour fruits and used as a flavouring and setting agent 柠檬酸

citrin /ˈsitrin/ n.  = BIOFLAVONOID 

citrine /ˈsitrin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lemon-coloured 柠檬色的 ●n.  a transparent yellow variety of quartz also called 亦称作 false topaz 黄水晶，茶晶 [Middle English from Old French citrin (as CITRUS)]

citron /ˈsitr(ə)n/ n.  1  a shrubby tree, Citrus medica, bearing large lemon-like fruits with thick fragrant peel 枸橼树，香橼树(柑橘属灌木，其果实形似柠檬，果皮厚而且有芳香气味) 2  this fruit 枸橼，香橼 [French from Latin CITRUS, on the pattern of limon ‘lemon’]

citronella /sitrəˈnelə/ n.  1  any fragrant grass of the genus Cymbopogon, native to S. Asia 亚香茅(香茅属芳香草类植物，产于南亚) 2  the scented oil from these, used in insect repellent, and perfume and soap manufacture 香茅油(用于制造驱蚊剂、香料、肥皂等) [modern Latin, formed as CITRON + diminutive suffix]

citrus /ˈsitrəs/ n. (pl. citruses)  1  any tree of the genus Citrus (rue family), including citron, lemon, lime, orange, and grapefruit 柑橘属果树(包括香橼、柠檬、酸橙、橘子和葡萄柚) 2 (in full 全称 citrus fruit)  a fruit from such a tree 柑橘属果实 □ citrous  adj.   [Latin, = citron tree or thuja]

cittern /ˈsit(ə)n/ n. hist.  a wire-stringed lutelike instrument usu. played with a plectrum [史义]西特琴(一种类似鲁特琴的拨弦乐器) [Latin cithara, Greek kithara, a kind of harp, assimilated to GITTERN]

city /ˈsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a large town 城市，都市b Brit. (strictly) a town created a city by charter and containing a cathedral [英]特别市(由国王批准建立，为主教座堂所在地)c US  a municipal state-chartered corporation occupying a definite area [美] (州政府特许的)地方自治市 2 (作 the City) Brit. [英]  a  the part of London governed by the Lord Mayor and the Corporation 伦敦城(由市长和市政当局管理的伦敦市中心区)b  the business part of this (伦敦的)商业中心c  commercial circles; high finance 商业广场；巨额融资营业所 3 (作 attrib.)  of a city or the City 城市的；伦敦城的 □ cityward  adj. & adv.  □ citywards  adv.   [Middle English via Old French cité from Latin civitas -tatis, from civis ‘citizen’]

City Company n. (in the UK) a corporation descended from an ancient trade guild (英国)伦敦市商业公会

city desk n.  a department of a newspaper dealing Brit. with business news or N. Amer. with local news [英] (报社的)金融与商业新闻部；[北美]本地新闻部

City editor n.  1 Brit.  the editor dealing with financial news in a newspaper or magazine [英] (报纸或杂志的)金融与商业新闻编辑 2 (作 city editor) N. Amer.  the editor dealing with local news [北美]本地新闻编辑

city father n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a person concerned with or experienced in the administration of a city 城市元老

cityfied var.  of CITIFIED  CITIFIED 的变体

city hall n. N. Amer.  municipal offices or officers [北美]市政厅，市政府；市政官员

city manager n. N. Amer. (in some cities) an official directing the administration of a city [北美] (某些城市的)城市经理，市政执行官

city page n. Brit.  the part of a newspaper or magazine dealing with the financial and business news [英] (报纸或杂志的)金融与商业新闻版

cityscape /ˈsitiskeip/ n.  1  a view of a city (actual or depicted) 城市风光照片(或绘画) 2  city scenery 城市风光

city slicker n. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1  a smart and sophisticated city dweller (打扮时髦老于世故的)城市滑头，老油子 2  a plausible rogue as usu. found in cities (通常指城市中)花言巧语的无赖

city state n. esp. hist.  a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state [尤史义]城邦，城市国家

City Technology College n.  a type of secondary school, set up mainly in towns and cities through partnerships between the Government and business and concentrating on technology and science 城市技术学院(一种由市政府与企业合办以讲授科技知识为主的中等学校)

civet /ˈsivit/ n.  1 (in full 全称 civet cat)  a slender catlike animal of the family Viverridae, esp. Viverra civetta of central Africa, having well-developed anal scent glands 灵猫(灵猫科动物，产于中部非洲，有发达的香腺) 2  a strong musky perfume obtained from the secretions of these scent glands 灵猫香(雌灵猫香腺分泌的油质液体) [French civette via Italian zibetto and medieval Latin zibethum from Arabic azzabɑˉd, from al ‘the’ + zabɑˉd = sense 2]

civic /ˈsivik/ adj.  1  of a city; municipal 城市的，都市的 2  of or proper to citizens 公民的，市民的；适合于公民的  civic virtues  公民道德 3  of citizenship, civil 公民身份的；民事的 □ civically  adv.   [French civique or Latin civicus, from civis ‘citizen’]

civic centre n.  the area in a town where municipal offices and other public buildings are situated; the buildings themselves 市中心(指市政机关及其他公用建筑所在的区域)；市府大厦，市府礼堂

civics /ˈsiviks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of the rights and duties of citizenship 公民学(研究公民权利与义务的学科)

civil /ˈsiv(ə)l, -il/ adj.  1  of or belonging to citizens 公民的；属于公民的 2  of ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or naval or ecclesiastical matters 平民的，非军事的，非教会的；文职的；文官的 3  polite, obliging, not rude 文明的，有礼貌的，有教养的 4 Law  relating to civil law, not criminal or political matters 【法律】民事的(非刑事的或政治的)，民法的  civil court  民事法庭 civil lawyer  民事辩护律师 5 (of the length of a day, year, etc.) fixed by custom or law, not natural or astronomical (日、年等的长度)根据习俗(或法律)规定的(非自然的或天文的) □ civilly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin civilis, from civis ‘citizen’]

civil aviation n.  non-military, esp. commercial, aviation 民航，民用航空

civil commotion n. Brit. Law  a riot or similar disturbance [英]【法律】平民暴乱(或骚乱)

civil defence n.  the organization and training of civilians for the protection of lives and property during and after attacks in wartime 民防(指战时为保护人民生命财产而对公民进行的防空训练)；民防组织

civil disobedience n.  the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes etc. as a peaceful form of political protest (以拒绝遵守政府法令或拒绝纳税等方式进行的)非暴力反抗

civil engineer n.  an engineer who designs or maintains roads, bridges, dams, etc. 土木工程师 □ civil engineering  n.  土木工程(学)

civilian /siˈvilj(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person not in the armed services or the police force 平民，百姓(非军人或警察) ●adj.  of or for civilians 平民的，百姓的

civilianize /siˈvilj(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make civilian in character or function 使平民化；使转为民用 □ civilianization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

civility /siˈviliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  politeness 礼貌，客气，谦恭 2  an act of politeness 礼貌的举止 [Middle English via Old French civilité from Latin civilitas -tatis (as CIVIL)]

civilization /ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  an advanced stage or system of social development 文明；文明阶段；文明世界 2  those peoples of the world regarded as having this 文明民族 3  a people or nation (esp. of the past) regarded as an element of social evolution (尤指被视为社会发展进程中的一分子的古代)民族，国家  ancient civilizations  古代文明 the Inca civilization  印加文明 4  making or becoming civilized 开化；教化

civilize /ˈsivilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  bring out of a barbarous or primitive stage of society 使文明，使开化 2  enlighten; refine and educate 教化；教导；熏陶 □ civilizable  adj.  □ civilizer  n.   [French civiliser (as CIVIL)]

civil law n.  1  law concerning private rights (opp. 反义 CRIMINAL LAW) 民法 2  Roman or non-ecclesiastical law, as of Quebec (in Canada), France, or Germany (cf. 参见 COMMON LAW) 罗马法；国家法(如在加拿大的魁北克、法国或德国)

civil liberty n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  freedom of action and speech subject to the law 公民自由(指法律许可的行动和言论自由) □ civil libertarian  n.  

Civil List n. (in the UK) an annual allowance voted by Parliament for the royal family's household expenses (英国) (议会表决通过的)王室费用

civil marriage n.  a marriage solemnized as a civil contract without religious ceremony 公证结婚(不举行宗教仪式的婚姻)

civil parish  see 见 PARISH 2 

civil rights n. pl.  the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality 公民权，公民权利

civil servant n.  a member of the civil service 公务员；文职官员；文官雇员

civil service n.  the permanent professional branches of State administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians 文职部门，行政机构

civil state n. Brit.  marital status; being single, married, or divorced, etc. [英]婚姻状况(指单身、已婚或离婚等)

civil war n.  a war between citizens of the same country 内战

civil year  see 见 YEAR 2 

civvy /ˈsivi/ n. & adj. (pl. -ies) slang [俚语] ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  civilian clothes 便服(与军服相对) 2  a civilian 平民，百姓 ●adj.  civilian 平民的；民用的 [abbreviation]

Civvy Street /ˈsivi/ n. Brit. slang  civilian life [英] [俚语]平民生活 [abbreviation]

CJ abbr.  Chief Justice [缩略]首席法官

CJD abbr.  Creutzfeldt － Jakob disease [缩略]克－雅二世病

Cl symb. Chem.  the element chlorine [符]【化】(化学元素)氯

cl abbr. [缩略]  1  centilitre(s)  2  class 

clack /klæk/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  make a sharp sound as of boards struck together 发出尖利的撞击声；作喀哒声，作啪哒声 2  chatter, esp. loudly (尤指大声地)唠叨，喋喋不休地说 ●n.  1  a clacking sound 喀哒声，啪哒声 2  clacking talk 唠叨声，喋喋不休的说话声 □ clacker  n.   [Middle English, = to chatter, probably from Old Norse klaka, of imitative origin]

clad1 /klæd/ adj.  1  clothed 穿…衣服的 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : leather-clad  穿皮衣的 scantily clad  穿得很少的 2  provided with cladding 覆有包层的，覆有镀层的 [past part. of CLOTHE]

clad2 /klæd/ v. tr. (cladding; past and past part. cladded or clad)  provide with cladding 给…加包层(或镀层) [apparently from CLAD1]

cladding /ˈklædiŋ/ n.  a covering or coating on a structure or material etc. (设备或材料等上面的)包层，镀层

clade /kleid/ n. Biol.  a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor 【生】进化枝，分化枝 [Greek klados ‘branch’]

cladistics /kləˈdistiks/ n. Biol.  a method of classification of animals and plants on the basis of those shared characteristics which are assumed to indicate common ancestry 【生】进化枝学，生物分类学 □ cladism  /ˈklædiz(ə)m/ n.  □ cladistic  adj.   [as CLADE + -IST + -ICS]

cladode /ˈkleidəʊd/ n. Bot.  a flattened leaflike stem 【植】叶状枝 [Greek kladōdēs ‘many-shooted’, from klados ‘shoot’]

cladogram /ˈkleidə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n. Biol.  a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species 【生】进化分枝图，进化树

claim /kleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  demand as one's due or property 对(权益或财产)提出要求；认领；索取b (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  submit a request for payment under an insurance policy (凭保险单)索赔 2  a  represent oneself as having or achieving 具有，宣布获得  claim victory  宣告胜利 claim accuracy  具有准确性b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  profess 声称，表示  claimed to be the owner  声称自己是物主c  assert, contend 断言，宣称  claim that one knows  宣称某人了解(某事) 3  have as an achievement or a consequence 以…为其成果(或后果)  could then claim five wins  那么能赢 5 场 the fire claimed many victims  火灾使许多人丧生 4 (of a thing) deserve (one's attention etc.) (事情)值得(注意等) ●n.  1  a  a demand or request for something considered one's due 要求；认领(某物)  lay claim to  对…提出要求 put in a claim  提出赔偿要求b  an application for compensation under the terms of an insurance policy (依据保险单条款提出的)索赔申请 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, on)  a right or title to a thing 权利，所有权，要求权  his only claim to fame  惟一使他出名的东西 have many claims on my time  有许多事要占用我的时间 3  a contention or assertion 声称，断言 4  a thing claimed 要求物 5  a statement of the novel features in a patent (专利中对特征的)陈述 6 Mining  a piece of land allotted or taken 【采矿学】分配(或占用)的土地 □ claimable  adj.  □ claimer  n.   [Middle English via Old French claime (from clamer ‘call out’) from Latin clamare]

claimant /ˈkleim(ə)nt/ n.  a person making a claim, esp. in a lawsuit or for a state benefit (尤指民事诉讼中的)要求者，要求权利的人；原告

clairaudience /klɛərˈɔ:diəns/ n.  the supposed faculty of perceiving, as if by hearing, what is inaudible 神听，超人的听力 □ clairaudient  adj. & n.   [French clair CLEAR, + AUDIENCE, on the pattern of CLAIRVOYANCE]

Claire /kleə/   克莱尔 [人名]

clairvoyance /klɛəˈvɔiəns/ n.  1  the supposed faculty of perceiving things or events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact 神视，超人的视力 2  exceptional insight 洞察力 [French clairvoyance, from clair CLEAR + voir voy- ‘see’]

clairvoyant /klɛəˈvɔiənt/ n. & adj. ●n. (fem. clairvoyante)  a person having clairvoyance 千里眼；有洞察力的人 ●adj.  having clairvoyance 有超人视力的；有洞察力的 □ clairvoyantly  adv.  

clam /klæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any bivalve mollusc, esp. the edible N. American hard or round clam (Venus mercenaria) or the soft or long clam (Mya arenaria) 蛤，蛤蜊(双壳软体动物，尤指可食用的北美硬壳圆蛤或软体蛤或长蛤) 2 colloq.  a shy or withdrawn person [口]腼腆的人；内敛的人 ●v. intr. (clammed, clamming)  1  dig for clams 挖蛤，拾蛤 2 (foll. by 后跟 up) colloq.  refuse to talk [口]保持沉默，拒不开口 [16th c.: apparently from clam ‘a clamp’]

clamant /ˈkleim(ə)nt, ˈklæm-/ adj. literary  noisy; insistent, urgent [文学用语]喧闹的，吵闹的；紧急的，紧迫的 □ clamantly  adv.   [Latin clamare clamant- ‘cry out’]

clamber /ˈklæmbə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  climb with hands and feet, esp. with difficulty or laboriously (尤指费劲或吃力地)爬，攀登 ●n.  a difficult climb (费劲或吃力地)爬，攀登 [Middle English, probably from clamb, obsolete past tense of CLIMB]

clammy /ˈklæmi/ adj. (clammier, clammiest)  1  unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy 黏湿的，黏滑的 2 (of weather) cold and damp (指天气)冷而湿的 □ clammily  adv.  □ clamminess  n.   [Middle English from clam ‘to daub’]

clamour /ˈklæmə/ n. & v. (US [美] clamor) ●n.  1  loud or vehement shouting or noise 吵闹声，喧闹声 2  a protest or complaint; an appeal or demand 抗议，抱怨；要求，呼吁 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clamour 喧闹地提出要求；喧闹地抗议(或抱怨) 2 tr.  utter with a clamour 喧闹，吵闹 □ clamorous  adj.  □ clamorously  adv.  □ clamorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin clamor -oris, from clamare ‘cry out’]

clamp1 /klæmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device, esp. a brace or band of iron etc., for strengthening other materials or holding things together 夹具，(尤指铁质等的)夹头，夹钳 2 Brit.  a device for immobilizing an illegally parked car [英] (使违章停车不能开动的)锁定装置 ●v. tr.  1  strengthen or fasten with a clamp 用夹具固定；加固 2  place or hold firmly 夹住；夹紧 3  immobilize (an illegally parked car) by fixing a clamp to one of its wheels 锁定(违章停车的)车轮 □ clamp down   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be rigid in enforcing a rule etc. 严格执行(规章等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  try to suppress 力图压制，取缔；镇压 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German klamp(e)]

clamp2 /klæmp/ n.  1 Brit.  a heap of potatoes or other root vegetables stored under straw or earth [英] (用土堆或草堆贮藏的)土豆(或根茎蔬菜)堆 2  a pile of bricks for firing (窑内待烧制的)砖垛 3  a pile of turf or peat or garden rubbish etc. 泥炭堆，草木垃圾堆 [16th c.: probably from Dutch klamp ‘heap’, related to CLUMP]

clampdown /ˈklæmpdaʊn/ n.  an act of clamping down or trying to suppress 严格限制，压制，取缔

clamshell /ˈklæmʃel/ n.  1  the shell of a clam, formed of two roughly equal valves with a hinge 蛤壳 2  a thing with a lid or opening section resembling this, e.g. a kind of mechanical digger, a hatch in an aircraft, a portable computer, a box for takeaway food 蛤壳式物品(如抓斗挖土机、飞机舱口盖、便携式计算机、方便饭盒等)

clan /klæn/ n.  1  a group of people with a common ancestor, esp. in the Scottish Highlands (尤指苏格兰高地人的)宗族 2  a large family as a social group 家族，亲族 3  a group with a strong common interest (因共同利益而结成的)集团，帮派，宗派 4  a  a genus, species, or class (生物的)类，种类，属b  a family or group of animals, e.g. elephants (动物的)纲，族 [Middle English via Gaelic clann from Latin planta ‘sprout’]

clandestine /klænˈdestin, ˈklændestin/ adj.  surreptitious, secret 偷偷摸摸的，私下的，秘密的 □ clandestinely  adv.  □ clandestinity  /-ˈtiniti/ n.   [French clandestin or Latin clandestinus, from clam ‘secretly’]

clang /klæŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a loud resonant metallic sound as of a bell or hammer etc. (钟、铁锤等金属撞击的)铿锵声，丁当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clang 发铿锵声，发丁当声 2 tr.  cause to clang 使丁当作响，使铿锵地碰撞 [imitative: influenced by Latin clangere ‘resound’]

clanger /ˈklæŋə/ n. esp. Brit. slang  a mistake or blunder [尤英] [俚语]错误，大错 □ drop a clanger   commit a conspicuous indiscretion 铸成大错

clangour /ˈklæŋɡə/ n. (US [美] clangor)  1  a prolonged or repeated clanging noise (持续或重复的)铿锵声，丁当声 2  an uproar or commotion 喧闹声，喧嚣声 □ clangorous  adj.  □ clangorously  adv.   [Latin clangor ‘noise of trumpets etc.’]

clank /klæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a sound as of heavy pieces of metal meeting or a chain rattling (金属或铁链撞击的)丁当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clanking sound 发出丁当声 2 tr.  cause to clank 使丁当响 □ clankingly  adv.   [imitative: cf. CLANG, CLINK1, Dutch klank]

clannish /ˈklæniʃ/ adj. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1 (of a family or group) tending to hold together (家族或人群)抱成一团的，小集团的 2  of or like a clan 家族的，宗族的 □ clannishly  adv.  □ clannishness  n.  

clanship /ˈklænʃip/ n.  1  a patriarchal system of clans 氏族制度，宗族制度，家长制 2  loyalty to one's clan 对宗族的忠诚，对集团的忠诚

clansman /ˈklænzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. clanswoman, pl. -women)  a member or fellow member of a clan 氏族成员；集团成员

clap1 /klæp/ v. & n. ●v. (clapped, clapping)  1  a intr.  strike the palms of one's hands together as a signal or repeatedly as applause 拍手(作信号)；鼓掌b tr.  strike (the hands) together in this way (用手)拍，击掌 2 tr. Brit.  applaud or show one's approval of (esp. a person) in this way [英]拍手，为…鼓掌(喝彩或赞同) 3 tr. (of a bird) flap (its wings) audibly (鸟)振翼，拍翅 4 tr.  put or place quickly or with determination 急速放置，果断放置  clapped him in prison  将他投入监狱 clap a tax on whisky  对威士忌酒进行征税 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  slap (a person) encouragingly on (the back, shoulder, etc.) 拍(某人的背、肩膀等以示鼓励) ●n.  1  the act of clapping, esp. as applause 拍手；(尤指)鼓掌，喝彩 2  an explosive sound, esp. of thunder 爆裂声；(尤指雷电的)轰隆声 3  a slap, a pat 掌击；轻拍 □ clap eyes on  colloq.  see [口]看见□ clap on the back   = slap on the back 赞扬，鼓励 [Old English clappian ‘throb, beat’, of imitative origin]

clap2 /klæp/ n. coarse slang  venereal disease, esp. gonorrhoea [粗俗俚语]花柳病，性病(尤指淋病) [Old French clapoir ‘venereal bubo’]

clapboard /ˈklæpbɔ:d, ˈklæbəd/ n. US [美]  = WEATHERBOARD  [Anglicized from Low German klappholt ‘cask-stave’]

clapped out adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) Brit. slang  worn out (esp. of machinery etc.); exhausted [英] [俚语] (尤指机器等)用坏了的，破旧的；筋疲力尽的

clapper /ˈklæpə/ n.  the tongue or striker of a bell 钟锤，铃锤 □ like the clappers  Brit. slang  very fast or hard [英] [俚语]很快地，很猛地

clapperboard /ˈklæpəbɔ:d/ n. Cinematog.  a device of hinged boards struck together to synchronize the starting of picture and sound machinery in filming 【电影】(拍摄电影时用的)拍板，场记板

claptrap /ˈklæptræp/ n.  1  insincere or pretentious talk, nonsense 不诚实的话，虚伪的话；废话 2  language used or feelings expressed only to gain applause 哗众取宠的语言(或表情) [CLAP1 + TRAP1]

claque /klæk, klɑ:k/ n.  a group of people hired to applaud in a theatre etc. (受雇在剧场中)鼓掌捧场的一伙人 [French, from claquer ‘to clap’]

claqueur /klɑ:ˈkɜ:/ n.  a member of a claque 鼓掌捧场者；奉承拍马者 [French (as CLAQUE)]

clarabella /klærəˈbelə/ n.  an organ stop with the quality of a flute (管风琴上具有长笛音色的)柔音音栓 [fem. forms of Latin clarus ‘clear’ and bellus ‘pretty’]

Clare /kleə/   克莱尔 [人名]

Clarence /ˈklærəns/   克拉伦斯 [人名]

clarence /ˈklær(ə)ns/ n. hist.  a four-wheeled closed carriage with seats for four inside and two on the box [史义]克拉伦斯马车(一种封闭式四座四轮马车) [named after the Duke of Clarence, afterwards William IV]

Clarenceux /ˈklær(ə)nsu:/ n. Heraldry (in the UK) the title given to the second King of Arms, with jurisdiction south of the Trent (cf. 参见 NORROY, KING OF ARMS) 【纹章学】(英国)纹章次官(管辖特伦特河以南的纹章事务) [Middle English from Anglo-French, from the dukedom of Clarence (named after Clare in Suffolk) : the Clarence herald was made King of Arms]

claret /ˈklærət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  red wine, esp. from Bordeaux 红葡萄酒(尤指波尔多红葡萄酒) 2  a deep purplish red 暗紫红色 3 Brit. archaic slang  blood [英古义] [俚语]血 ●adj.  claret-coloured 暗紫红色的 [Middle English via Old French (vin) claret and medieval Latin claratum (vinum) from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarify /ˈklærifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become clearer 澄清，阐明，使清楚明了 2 tr.  a  free (liquid, butter, etc.) from impurities 使(液体、黄油等)净化，除去杂质b  make transparent 使透明c  purify 净化 □ clarification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ clarificatory  /-fiˈkeit(ə)ri/ n.  □ clarifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French clarifier from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarinet /klæriˈnet/ n.  1  a  a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, a cylindrical tube with a flared end, holes, and keys 单簧管，黑管，竖笛b  a clarinet-player 单簧管手，黑管手，竖笛手 2  an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarinet (管风琴的)笛管音栓 □ clarinettist  n. (US [美] clarinetist)   [French clarinette, diminutive of clarine, a kind of bell]

clarion /ˈklæriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a clear rousing sound 嘹亮的声音 2 hist.  a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet [史义]尖音小号 3  an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarion (管风琴的)尖音音栓 ●adj.  clear and loud 嘹亮的 [Middle English via medieval Latin clario -onis from Latin clarus ‘clear’]

clarity /ˈklæriti/ n.  the state or quality of being clear, esp. of sound or expression (尤指声音或表述)清晰，明晰 [Middle English from Latin claritas, from clarus ‘clear’]

Clark /klɑ:k/   克拉克 [人名]

clarkia /ˈklɑ:kiə/ n.  any plant of the genus Clarkia, native to N. America, with showy white, pink, or purple flowers 克拉花(钩瓣属植物，产于北美，开艳丽的白、粉红或紫色花朵) [modern Latin, named after W. Clark, US explorer (d. 1838), who discovered it]

clary /ˈklɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Salvia 鼠尾草属芳香植物 [Middle English from obsolete French clarie, representing medieval Latin sclarea]

clash /klæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a loud jarring sound as of metal objects being struck together (金属之间)刺耳的撞击声音b  a collision, esp. with force (尤指猛烈的)碰撞 2  a  a conflict or disagreement 冲突；争论b  a discord of colours etc. (色彩等)不协调 ●v.  1  a intr.  make a clashing sound 发出刺耳撞击声b tr.  cause to clash 使碰撞 2 intr.  collide; coincide awkwardly 碰撞；(时间安排的)撞车，冲突 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  come into conflict or be at variance 冲突；不相符b (of colours) be discordant (色彩)不协调 □ clasher  n.   [imitative: cf. clack, clang, crack, crash]

clasp /klɑ:sp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a device with interlocking parts for fastening 钩子，扣子，夹子b  a buckle or brooch 搭扣，饰针c  a metal fastening on a book cover (书的)封皮夹 2  a  an embrace; a person's reach 紧抱，拥抱b  a grasp or handshake 握紧；握手 3  a bar of silver on a medal-ribbon with the name of the battle etc. at which the wearer was present (勋章丝带上的)银质附饰 ●v.  1 tr.  fasten with or as with a clasp 扣住；扣紧；钩住 2 tr.  a  grasp, hold closely 握紧，握住b  embrace, encircle 拥抱；围住 3 intr.  fasten a clasp 扣住(扣子)；钩住(钩子) □ clasp hands   shake hands with fervour or affection 热烈握手□ clasp one's hands   interlace one's fingers 两手十指交错地紧握在一起□ clasper  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

clasper /ˈklɑ:spə/ n. (in pl. 用复数)  the appendages of some male fish and insects used to hold the female in copulation (雄性鱼或昆虫的)鳍脚，交合突；抱握器

clasp-knife n.  a folding knife, usu. with a catch holding the blade when open (通常带锁闩的)折刀

class /klɑ:s/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  any set of persons or things grouped together, or graded or differentiated from others esp. by quality 种类，门类；等级，级别  first class  头等(舱) economy class  经济舱 2  a  a division or order of society 阶级，阶层，社会等级  upper class  上等阶层，上层社会 professional classes  职业阶层b  a caste system, a system of social classes 等级制度，社会等级制度c (the classes) archaic  the rich or educated [古义] (用复数)有钱人，受过教育的人 3 colloq.  distinction or high quality in appearance, behaviour, etc.; stylishness [口] (外表、行为等)优越，出众；优美 4  a  a group of students or pupils taught together 班级b  the occasion when they meet 课堂c  their course of instruction 课，上课 5 US  all the college or school students of the same standing or graduating in a given year [美]同届(大)学生，同年级(大)学生  the class of 1990  90 级学生 6 (in conscripted armies) all the recruits of a given year 同一年应征入伍者  the 1950 class  1950 年入伍的士兵 7 Brit.  a division of candidates according to merit in an examination [英] (根据考试成绩来分的)考生等级，优等生等级 8 Biol.  a grouping of organisms, the next major rank below a division or phylum 【生】(动植物分类的)纲 ●v. tr.  assign to a class or category 把…归入某类，把…分类 ●attrib. adj. colloq.  classy, stylish [口]高级的；时髦的，有风度的 □ in a class of (or on) its (or one's) own   unequalled 独具一格；无可比拟□ no class  colloq.  a lack of quality or distinction [口]低劣的，劣等的 [Latin classis ‘assembly’]

class-conscious adj.  aware of and reacting to social divisions or one's place in a system of social class 有阶级觉悟的；有阶级意识的 □ class-consciousness  n.  阶级意识，阶级觉悟

classic /ˈklæsik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the first class; of acknowledged excellence 第一流的，最优秀的b  remarkably typical; outstandingly important 特别典型的；格外重要的  a classic case  典型案(病)例 2  a  of ancient Greek and Latin literature, art, or culture 古典的(指古希腊或拉丁文学、艺术或文化)b (of style in art, music, etc.) simple, harmonious, well-proportioned; in accordance with established forms (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4a) (指艺术、音乐的风格)质朴的，和谐的，相称的；恪守传统形式的 3  having literary or historic associations (文学或历史上)著名的，历史悠久的  classic ground  古迹 4 (of clothes) made in a simple elegant style not much affected by changes in fashion (服装)式样简朴的；传统式样的 ●n.  1  a classic writer, artist, work, or example 经典作家，经典艺术家；经典作品；典型事例 2  a  an ancient Greek or Latin writer 古希腊(或拉丁)作家b (in pl. 用复数)  ancient Greek and Latin literature and history 古希腊(或拉丁)文学和历史c archaic  a scholar of ancient Greek and Latin [古义]古希腊(或拉丁)学者 3  a follower of classic models 古典派学者 4  a garment in classic style 传统式样的衣着 5 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  the classic races [英]传统赛马 [French classique or Latin classicus, from classis ‘class’]

classical /ˈklæsik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture 古希腊(或拉丁)文学艺术的，古希腊(或拉丁)文化的b (of language) having the form used by the ancient standard authors (语言)古代著名作家使用的；古典的  classical Latin  古典拉丁语 classical Hebrew  古典希伯来语c  based on the study of ancient Greek and Latin 基于古希腊(和拉丁)研究的  a classical education  古典教育d  learned in classical studies 精通古典文学艺术的 2  a (of music) serious or conventional; following traditional principles and intended to be of permanent rather than ephemeral value (cf. 参见 POPULAR MUSIC, LIGHT2 adj. 5a) (音乐)严肃(或传统)的；古典乐派的，遵循传统音乐原则的b  of the period from c. 1750 － 1800 (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4b) 古典乐派时代的 (1750 至 1800 年) 3  a  in or following the restrained style of classical antiquity (cf. 参见 ROMANTIC adj. 4a) 古典派的；古雅的b (of a form or period of art etc.) representing an exemplary standard; having a long-established worth (艺术形式或时期等)经典的；传统的；正统的 4 Physics  relating to the concepts which preceded relativity and quantum theory 【物理学】古典物理学的(指相对论和量子理论之前的物理学概念) □ classicalism  n.  □ classicalist  n.  □ classicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ classically  adv.   [Latin classicus (as CLASSIC)]

classicism /ˈklæsisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the following of a classic style 古典主义；古典风格 2  a  classical scholarship 古典主义修养(与学识)b  the advocacy of a classical education 提倡古典教育 3  an ancient Greek or Latin idiom 古希腊(或拉丁)语习语 □ classicist  n.  

classicize /ˈklæsisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  make classic 使具有古典风格，使成为古典 2 intr.  imitate a classical style 模仿古典风格

classic race n. Brit.  each of the five main flat races of the horse racing season, namely the Two Thousand and the One Thousand Guineas, the Derby, the Oaks, and the St Leger [英]传统的五大马赛

classified /ˈklæsifaid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  arranged in classes or categories 分类的；归入某类的 2 (of information etc.) designated as officially secret (信息等)属于官方机密的，保密的 3 Brit. (of a road) assigned to a category according to its importance [英] (公路)根据重要性归类的 4 (of newspaper advertisements) arranged in columns according to various categories (报纸广告)根据种类分栏的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  classified advertisements 分类广告

classify /ˈklæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  a  arrange in classes or categories 分类，分级，归类b  assign (a thing) to a class or category 把…归入某类，把…归入某级 2  designate as officially secret or not for general disclosure 把…定为官方机密(或不向公众泄漏) □ classifiable  adj.  □ classification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ classificatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.  □ classifier  n.   [back-formation from classification (from French, as CLASS)]

classism /ˈklɑ:siz(ə)m/ n.  discrimination on the grounds of social class 社会等级歧视 □ classist  adj. & n.  

classless /ˈklɑ:slis/ adj.  making or showing no distinction of classes 无阶级的，不分阶级的  classless society  无阶级社会 classless accent  不分阶级的口音 □ classlessness  n.  

class-list n. Brit.  a list of candidates in an examination with the class achieved by each [英] (根据考试成绩分等级排列的)学位成绩名单

classmate /ˈklɑ:smeit/ n.  a fellow member of a class, esp. at school 同班同学

classroom /ˈklɑ:sru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which a class of students is taught, esp. in a school 教室，课堂

class war n.  conflict between social classes 阶级斗争

classy /ˈklɑ:si/ adj. (classier, classiest) colloq.  superior, stylish [口]高级的，优越的；时髦的，有风度的 □ classily  adv.  □ classiness  n.  

clastic /ˈklæstik/ adj. Geol.  designating a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks 【地质】(岩石)碎屑状的，由碎屑构成的 [French clastique from Greek klastos ‘broken in pieces’]

clathrate /ˈklæθreit/ n. Chem.  a solid in which one component is enclosed in the structure of another 【化】笼形(包合)物 [Latin clathratus from clathri ‘lattice-bars’, from Greek klēthra]

clatter /ˈklætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rattling sound as of many hard objects struck together (许多坚硬物体相撞时发出的)铿锵声，哐当声 2  noisy talk 吵闹声，喧哗声 ●v.  1 intr.  a  make a clatter 发哐当声，卡嗒卡嗒地响b  fall or move etc. with a clatter (哐当一声)落下，(哐当一声)移动 2 tr.  cause (plates etc.) to clatter (使碗碟等)卡嗒响 [Old English, of imitative origin]

Claud /klɔ:d/   克劳德 [人名]

Claude /klɔ:d/   克劳德 [人名]

Claudia /ˈklɔ:djə/   克劳迪娅 [人名]

claudication /klɔ:diˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  a cramping pain, esp. in the leg, caused by arterial obstruction; limping 【医】(尤指动脉阻塞引起的腿部)绞痛；跛，跛行 [Latin claudicare ‘limp’ from claudus ‘lame’]

clause /klɔ:z/ n.  1 Gram.  a distinct part of a sentence, including a subject and predicate 【语法】从句，分句，子句 2  a single statement in a treaty, law, bill, or contract (条约、法律文件、议案或合同的)条款 □ clausal  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin clausula ‘conclusion’, from claudere claus- ‘shut’]

claustral /ˈklɔ:str(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or associated with the cloister; monastic 修道院的；隐修院的 2  narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的，思想狭隘的 [Middle English via Late Latin claustralis from Latin claustrum CLOISTER]

claustrophobia /klɔ:strəˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of confined places 幽闭恐怖症 [modern Latin, from Latin claustrum: see CLOISTER]

claustrophobic /klɔ:strəˈfəʊbik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  suffering from claustrophobia 患幽闭恐怖症的 2  inducing claustrophobia 导致幽闭恐怖症的 ●n.  a person who suffers from claustrophobia 幽闭恐怖症患者 □ claustrophobically  adv.  

clavate /ˈkleiveit/ adj. Bot.  club-shaped 【植】棒形的，末端粗大的 [modern Latin clavatus from Latin clava ‘club’]

clave1 /kleiv, klɑ:v/ n. Mus.  a hardwood stick used in pairs to make a hollow sound when struck together 【音】(拉美音乐及舞蹈中敲奏节拍的)敲击棒 [Latin American Spanish from Spanish, = keystone, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

clave2 archaic [古义] past  of CLEAVE2 

clavicembalo /klæviˈtʃembələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴 [Italian]

clavichord /ˈklævikɔ:d/ n.  a small keyboard instrument with a very soft tone 击弦古钢琴 [Middle English from medieval Latin clavichordium, from Latin clavis ‘key’, chorda ‘string’: see CHORD2]

clavicle /ˈklævik(ə)l/ n.  the collarbone 锁骨 □ clavicular  /kləˈvikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin clavicula, diminutive of clavis ‘key’ (from its shape)]

clavier /ˈklæviə, kləˈviə/ n. Mus.  1  any keyboard instrument 【音】键盘乐器，键盘弦乐器 2  its keyboard (钢琴等乐器的)键盘 [French clavier or German Klavier from medieval Latin claviarius, originally = key-bearer, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

claviform /ˈklævifɔ:m/ adj.  club-shaped 棒状的，棒形的 [Latin clava ‘club’]

claw /klɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pointed horny nail on an animal's or bird's foot (鸟兽的)爪；脚爪b  a foot bearing these 带爪的脚 2  the pincer of a crab or other crustacean (蟹或其他甲壳动物的)螯 3  a device for grappling, holding, etc. 爪状器具；钩；钳 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  scratch, maul, or pull (a person or thing) with claws (用爪等)抓，攫，撕，拉，挖 2 tr.  make (one's way) with difficulty by pulling oneself (as if) using claws (吃力地)爬 3 tr. & intr. Sc.  scratch gently [苏格兰]搔痒 4 intr. Naut.  beat to windward 【海】抢风行驶 □ claw back  Brit. [英]  1  regain laboriously or gradually 艰难地恢复，逐渐恢复 2  recover (money paid out) from another source (e.g. taxation) (增收税款以)弥补开支□ clawed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ clawless  adj.   [Old English clawu, clawian]

clawback /ˈklɔ:bæk/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the act of clawing back 弥补开支 2  money recovered in this way 弥补性收入

claw hammer n.  a hammer with one side of the head forked for extracting nails 羊角鎯头，拔钉锤

clay /klei/ n.  1  a stiff sticky earth, used for making bricks, pottery, ceramics, etc. (制砖、陶器、瓷器等的)黏土 2 poet.  the substance of the human body [诗]上帝用来造人的泥土，人的躯体，肉体 3 (in full 全称 clay pipe)  a tobacco pipe made of clay 黏土烟斗 □ clayey  adj.  □ clayish  adj.  □ claylike  adj.   [Old English clœˉg, from West Germanic]

claymore /ˈkleimɔ:/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a Scottish two-edged broadsword (旧时苏格兰人用的)双刃大刀b  a broadsword, often with a single edge, having a hilt with a basketwork design 篮式柄单刃大刀 2  a type of anti-personnel mine 克莱莫杀伤地雷 [Gaelic claidheamh mór ‘great sword’]

clay-pan n. Austral.  a natural hollow in clay soil, retaining water after rain [澳] (雨后积水的)淤泥浅洼地

clay pigeon n.  a breakable disc thrown up from a trap as a target for shooting 泥鸽(练习射击用的泥制盘形飞靶)

Clayton's /ˈkleit(ə)nz/ attrib. adj. Austral.  sham, illusory; being a poor substitute [澳]虚假的，伪造的；虚幻的，不切实际的 [from the proprietary name of a soft drink marketed as ‘the drink you have when you're not having a drink’]

-cle /k(ə)l, after s 前接 s 时发 (ə)l/ suffix  forming (originally diminutive) nouns (article 小物品 ; particle 颗粒) 构成名词，最初表示“小”，“微小” [as -CULE]

clean /kli:n/ adj., adv., v. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free from dirt or contaminating matter, unsoiled 清洁的，干净的，洁净的 2  clear; unused or unpolluted; preserving what is regarded as the original state 清澈的，未使用过的，未污染的，保持原状的  clean air  清新的空气 clean page  空白页 3  free from obscenity or indecency 不猥亵的，不下流的 4  a  attentive to personal hygiene and cleanliness 爱干净的，讲究清洁的b (of children and animals) toilet-trained or house-trained (小孩或动物)调教得不随地大小便的 5  complete, clear-cut, unobstructed, even 完整的；清晰的；畅通无阻的；匀称的 6  a (of a ship, aircraft, or car) streamlined, smooth (轮船、飞机或汽车)流线型的；光滑的b  well formed, slender and shapely 端正的，形体优美的  clean-limbed  四肢匀称的 the car has clean lines  那汽车线条优美 7  adroit, skilful 灵巧的，熟练的  clean fielding  灵巧的防守 8 (of a nuclear weapon) producing relatively little fallout (核武器)无放射性尘埃的 9  a  free from ceremonial defilement or from disease 无亵渎行为的；无疾病的b (of food) not prohibited (食品)不犯忌的 10  a  free from any record of a crime, offence, etc. 无犯罪历史的；无违章记录的  a clean driving licence  没有违章记录的执照b slang  free from suspicion; not carrying a weapon or incriminating material [俚语]无嫌疑的；没私带武器(或会招致指控的东西的)的c  observing the rules of a sport or game; fair 遵守体育规则的；公正的  a clean fight  公正的拳击比赛 11 (of a taste, smell, etc.) sharp, fresh, distinctive (味道、气味等)浓烈的；新鲜的；特别的 12 (of timber) free from knots (木材)无节疤的 ●adv.  1  completely, outright, simply 完全地，彻底地，简直  clean bowled  彻底击败 cut clean through  直接穿过 clean forgot  忘得一干二净 2  in a clean manner 干净利落地；熟练地 ●v.  1 tr. (also foll. by 亦后跟 of) & intr.  make or become clean 把…弄干净，使净化；变干净 2 tr.  eat all the food on (one's plate) 吃光(盘碟中的)食物 3 tr.  remove the innards of (fish or fowl) 出空，除去(鱼或家禽的)内脏 4 intr.  make oneself clean 洗漱；洗澡 ●n. esp. Brit.  the act or process of cleaning or being cleaned [尤英]清扫，刷洗  give it a clean  把它清洗干净 □ clean down  esp. Brit.  clean by brushing or wiping [尤英]把…刷洗(或擦)干净□ clean out   1  clean thoroughly 彻底清扫 2 slang  empty or deprive (esp. of money) [俚语]把…出空；把(钱)全部骗走□ clean up   1  a  clear (a mess) away 把(污物)清扫干净b (also absol. [亦含宾])  put (things) tidy 把(东西)收拾整齐c  make (oneself) clean 使(自己)梳洗整齐 2  restore order or morality to 使恢复秩序(或道德) 3 slang [俚语]  a  acquire as gain or profit 获利，获益b  make a gain or profit 赢利，赚钱□ come clean  colloq.  own up; confess everything [口]全部招供，和盘托出□ make a clean breast of   see 见 BREAST □ make a clean job of  colloq.  do thoroughly [口]把…彻底完成□ make a clean sweep of   see 见 SWEEP □ cleanable  adj.  □ cleanish  adj.  □ cleanness  /ˈkli:nnis/ n.   [Old English clœˉne (adj. & adv.), clēne (adv.), from West Germanic]

clean bill of health  see 见 BILL OF HEALTH 2 

clean break n.  a quick and final separation 决裂

clean-cut adj.  1  sharply outlined 轮廓鲜明的 2 (of a person) clean and neat (人)干净整洁的

cleaner /ˈkli:nə/ n.  1  a person employed to clean the interior of a building (室内)清洁工 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a commercial establishment for cleaning clothes 洗衣店，干洗店 3  a device or substance for cleaning 清洁器；清洁剂 □ take to the cleaners  slang [俚语]  1  defraud or rob (a person) of all his or her money 把(某人)的钱全部骗(或抢)走 2  criticize severely 严厉批评，强烈谴责

clean hands n. pl.  freedom from guilt 手脚干净，清白

clean-living adj.  of upright character 安分守己的，诚实正派的

cleanly1 /ˈkli:nli/ adv.  1  in a clean way 干净地，利索地 2  efficiently; without difficulty 能干地；不费力地 [Old English clœˉnlīce: see CLEAN, -LY2]

cleanly2 /ˈklenli/ adj. (cleanlier, cleanliest)  habitually clean; with clean habits 爱干净的；有清洁习惯的 □ cleanliness  n.   [Old English clœˉnlic: see CLEAN, -LY1]

cleanse /klenz/ v. tr.  1 usu. formal  make clean [通常正式]使清洁；清洗 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  purify from sin or guilt 净化心灵 3 archaic  cure (a leper etc.) [古义]医治(麻风病等) □ cleanser  n.  清洁剂；清洁工 [Old English clœˉnsian (see CLEAN)]

clean-shaven adj.  without beard, whiskers, or moustache 胡子刮得光光的

clean sheet n.  freedom from commitments or imputations; the removal of these from one's record 清白的历史，洗刷历史上的污点

cleansing cream n.  cream for removing unwanted matter from the face, hands, etc. 清洁霜，洁肤霜

cleansing department n. Brit.  a local service of refuse collection etc. [英]清洁管理所，垃圾处理站

cleanskin /ˈkli:nskin/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  an unbranded animal 未打烙印的牲口 2 slang  a person free from blame, without a police record, etc. [俚语]无作案记录的人

clean slate n.  = CLEAN SHEET 

clean-up n.  an act of cleaning up 打扫，清除，擦洗

clear /kliə/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  free from dirt or contamination 无尘土的，无污染的 2 (of weather, the sky, etc.) not dull or cloudy (天气、天空等)晴朗的，不阴沉的 3  a  transparent 透明的，清澈的，明净的b  lustrous, shining; free from obscurity 有光泽的，明亮的；不昏暗的 4 (of soup) not containing solid ingredients (汤)不含固体成分的 5 (of a fire) burning with little smoke (火)烧得旺的，不冒烟的 6  a  distinct, easily perceived by the senses 清楚的，清晰的，明显的b  unambiguous, easily understood 不含糊的，明白的，易懂的  make a thing clear  把某事讲解清楚 make oneself clear  把自己的思想表达清楚c  manifest; not confused or doubtful 明白无误的，不混淆的，无疑的  clear evidence  确信无疑的证据 7  that discerns or is able to discern readily and accurately 容易辨认的，分明的  clear thinking  清醒的思绪 8 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, on, or 或 that + clause)  confident, convinced, certain 有信心的，信服的，肯定的 9 (of a conscience) free from guilt (良心)清白的，无罪的 10 (of a road etc.) unobstructed, open (道路等)无障碍的，通畅的 11  a  net, without deduction 净的，纯的，无折扣的  a clear £ 1,000  净赚 1000 英镑b  complete 整整的，完全的  three clear days  整整三天时间 12 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free, unhampered; unencumbered by debt, commitments, etc. 自由的，不受限制的；无债务的，无负担的 13 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not obstructed by 不受阻碍的 ●adv.  1  clearly 清楚地，清晰地  speak loud and clear  说话声音清楚洪亮 2  completely 完全地，彻底地  he got clear away  他跑得无影无踪了 3  apart, out of contact 离开，不接触  keep clear  站开点儿 stand clear of the doors  别靠近门口 4 (foll. by 后跟 to) US  all the way [美]一直 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become clear (使)变清楚，(使)变清澈 2  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free from prohibition or obstruction (使)解除限制；(使)排除障碍b tr. & intr.  make or become empty or unobstructed 把…倒空，把…卸空；使…畅通无阻c tr.  free (land) for cultivation or building by cutting down trees etc. 开辟(土地)，清理(地基)d tr.  cause people to leave (a room etc.) 使(人)离开(房间等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  show or declare (a person) to be innocent 证明(某人)无辜，宣告(某人)无罪  cleared them of complicity  证明他们没有串通 4 tr.  approve (a person) for special duty, access to information, etc. 证明(某人)胜任职责；证明(某人)可做机密工作 5 tr.  pass over or by, safely or without touching, esp. by jumping (尤指跳跃)越过，通过(而不触及) 6 tr.  make (an amount of money) as a net gain or to balance expenses 净赚(一笔钱)；挣钱(以抵消开支) 7 tr.  pass (a cheque) through a clearing house (经票据交换所)结算，兑现(支票) 8 tr.  pass through (a customs office etc.) 结关，通过(海关等) 9 tr.  remove (an obstruction, an unwanted object, etc.) 清除障碍，清除不需之物  clear them out of the way  把它们清理掉以免碍事 10 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Football  send (the ball) out of one's defensive zone 【足球】把球踢出球门区 11 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, up) (of physical phenomena) disappear, gradually diminish (自然现象)消失，(逐渐)消散  mist cleared by lunchtime  到午饭时薄雾散去了 my cold has cleared up  我的感冒症状消失了 12 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  discharge (a debt) 使免除(债务) □ clear the air   1  make the air less sultry 使空气不太闷热 2  disperse an atmosphere of suspicion, tension, etc. 消除疑虑；缓和紧张气氛等□ clear away   1  remove completely 把…清除掉 2  remove the remains of a meal from the table 收拾(餐桌上的)剩饭□ clear the decks   prepare for action 准备行动□ clear off   1  get rid of 清除，摆脱 2 colloq.  go away [口]离开；溜走□ clear out   1  empty 倒空；出空 2  remove 清除 3 colloq.  go away [口]离开，走开□ clear one's throat   cough slightly to make one's voice clear 清清嗓子□ clear up   1  tidy up 清理，整理 2  solve (a mystery etc.) 消除(误会)，解除(疑团等) 3 (of weather) become fine (天气)放晴 4  disappear 消失  my cold has cleared up  我的感冒症状消失了□ clear the way   1  remove obstacles 排除障碍 2  stand aside 站到一边□ clear a thing with   get approval or authorization for a thing from (a person) 使(某事)得到(某人的)赞成(或批准)□ in clear   not in cipher or code 用一般文字书写的(非使用明码或密码)□ in the clear   free from suspicion or difficulty 无嫌疑的，无困难的□ out of a clear sky   as a complete surprise 晴天霹雳(完全出乎预料)□ clearable  adj.  □ clearly  adv.  □ clearness  n.   [Middle English via Old French cler from Latin clarus]

clearance /ˈkliər(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the removal of obstructions etc., esp. removal of buildings, persons, etc., so as to clear land 清除，清理(尤指清除建筑等以腾出空地)b  the removal of contents, esp. of a house 清除，出空(尤指把房子腾出来)c  = CLEARANCE SALE  2  clear space allowed for the passing of two objects or two parts in machinery etc. (机器等中两物体或零件之间的)间隙，余隙，净空 3  special authorization or permission (esp. for an aircraft to take off or land, or for access to information etc.) (飞机的)起飞(或降落)许可；(获取机密的)许可 4  a  the clearing of a person, ship, etc., by customs (人、船等在海关)办清海关手续b  a certificate showing this 办清海关手续的证明 5  the clearing of cheques 支票交换，清算 6 Football  a kick sending the ball out of a defensive zone 【足球】将球踢出球门区的动作 7  making clear 澄清，搞清楚

clearance order n.  an order for the demolition of buildings 拆除(建筑物的)命令

clearance sale n.  a sale to get rid of superfluous stock 清仓减价销售

clearcole /ˈkliəkəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a mixture of size and whiting or white lead, used as a primer for distemper (粉刷、涂漆时使用的)白铅胶，打底腻子 ●v. tr.  paint with clearcole 给…涂打底腻子(或底胶) [French claire colle ‘clear glue’]

clear-cut adj. & v. ●adj.  sharply defined; obvious 轮廓鲜明的，清晰的 ●v. tr. (-cutting; past and past part. -cut)  cut down and remove every tree from (an area) 全部砍掉(将某处所有的树木都砍伐掉)

clearer /ˈkliərə/ n.  1  a clearing bank 票据交换银行 2  a person or thing that clears or clears away 清除者(器)；澄清者(器)

clear-headed adj.  thinking clearly; sensible 头脑清楚的；明事理的

clearing /ˈkliəriŋ/ n.  1  in senses of CLEAR v. 用于 CLEAR 的动词各释义 2  an area in a forest cleared for cultivation 林中空地

clearing bank n. Brit.  a bank which is a member of a clearing house [英]票据交换银行，票据交换所会员银行

clearing house n.  1  a bankers' establishment where cheques and bills from member banks are exchanged, so that only the balances need be paid in cash 票据交换所，结算所 2  an agency for collecting and distributing information etc. (情报等)交换所，交流中心

clear-out n.  an act or period of clearing out; a removal of unwanted items 清理；清除(不要的物品)

clear-sighted adj.  seeing, thinking, or understanding clearly 目光敏锐的；头脑清楚的

clearstory US var.  of CLERESTORY [美] CLERESTORY 的变体

clear-up n.  1  an act or period of clearing up or tidying 清理，整理 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  the solving of crimes 了结案件  clear-up rates  结案率

clearway /ˈkliəwei/ n. Brit.  a main road (other than a motorway) on which vehicles are not normally permitted to stop [英] (正常情况下不准停车的)超高速公路

clearwing /ˈkliəwiŋ/ n.  a day-flying moth with largely transparent wings, of the family Sesiidae 透翅蛾(一种白昼飞行的蛾子)

cleat /kli:t/ n.  1  a piece of metal, wood, etc., bolted on for fastening ropes to, or to strengthen woodwork etc. 系绳铁角，系索耳 2  a projecting piece on a spar, gangway, boot, etc., to give footing or prevent a rope from slipping (圆木、跳板等的)防滑木(或铁)条，(鞋底上的)防滑钉 3  a wedge 楔子，固着楔 [Old English: probably related to CLOT]

cleavage /ˈkli:vidʒ/ n.  1  the hollow between a woman's breasts, esp. as exposed by a low-cut garment 胸槽，乳沟(尤指妇女穿低开胸服装时两乳间暴露的部分) 2  a  a division or splitting 劈开；分裂b Biol.  cell division, esp. of a fertilized egg cell 【生】细胞分裂(尤指受精卵细胞分裂) 3  the splitting of rocks, crystals, etc., in a preferred direction (岩石、晶体等沿理想的方向)开裂

cleave1 /kli:v/ v. (past clove /kləʊv/ or cleft /kleft/ or cleaved; past part. cloven /ˈkləʊv(ə)n/ or cleft or cleaved) literary [文学用语]  1  a tr.  chop or break apart, split, esp. along the grain or the line of cleavage (尤指沿纹理或裂纹)砍开，劈开b intr.  come apart in this way 裂开，分裂 2 tr.  make one's way through (air or water) 穿过，钻过(空气或水) □ cleavable  adj.   [Old English clēofan, from Germanic]

cleave2 /kli:v/ v. intr. (past cleaved or archaic [古义] clave /kleiv/) (foll. by 后跟 to) literary  stick fast; adhere [文学用语]粘住；依恋，坚持 [Old English cleofian, clifian, from the West Germanic base also of CLAY]

cleaver /ˈkli:və/ n.  1  a tool for cleaving, esp. a heavy chopping tool used by butchers (尤指肉店的)切肉刀 2  a person who cleaves 切割者，劈砍者

cleavers /ˈkli:vəz/ n. (also 亦作 clivers /ˈklivəz/) (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a plant, Galium aparine, having hooked bristles on its stem that catch on clothes etc. Also called 亦称作 goosegrass 猪殃殃(猪殃殃属植物，其茎上的刺毛常常挂住人的衣服) [Old English clife, formed as CLEAVE2]

clef /klef/ n. Mus.  any of several symbols placed at the beginning of a staff, indicating the pitch of the notes written on it 【音】谱号(谱表开始处用来表示音位的符号) [French, from Latin clavis ‘key’]

cleft1 /kleft/ adj.  split, partly divided 劈开的；半裂开的 □ in a cleft stick  Brit.  in a difficult position, esp. one allowing neither retreat nor advance [英]进退维谷，处于进退两难的境地 [past part. of CLEAVE1]

cleft2 /kleft/ n.  a split or fissure; a space or division made by cleaving 裂缝，裂口 [Old English (related to CLEAVE1): assimilated to CLEFT1]

cleft lip n.  a congenital split in the upper lip 豁嘴(上唇先天性开裂)

cleft palate n.  a congenital split in the roof of the mouth 腭裂(上腭先天性开裂)

cleg /kleɡ/ n. Brit.  a horsefly [英]虻，马蝇 [Old Norse kleggi]

cleistogamic /klaistəˈɡæmik/ adj. Bot. (of a flower) permanently closed and self-fertilizing 【植】(花朵)闭花受精的 [Greek kleistos ‘closed’ + gamos ‘marriage’]

clematis /ˈklemətis, kləˈmeitis/ n.  an erect or climbing plant of the genus Clematis (buttercup family), bearing white, pink, or purple flowers and feathery seeds 铁线莲(毛茛属直立或攀缘植物，开白、粉、紫色花，种子呈羽状) [Latin from Greek klēmatis, from klēma ‘vine branch’]

Clement /ˈklemənt/   克莱门特 [人名]

clement /ˈklem(ə)nt/ adj.  1  mild 温和的  clement weather  风和日丽的天气 2  merciful 仁慈的，宽厚的 □ clemency  n.   [Middle English from Latin clemens -entis]

clementine /ˈklem(ə)ntain/ n.  a small citrus fruit, thought to be a hybrid between a tangerine and sweet orange 克莱门氏小柑橘(为柑橘和甜橙的杂交品种) [French clémentine]

clench /klen(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  close (the teeth or fingers) tightly 咬紧(牙关)；攥紧(拳头) 2  grasp firmly 紧紧抓住，握住 3  = CLINCHv. 4 动词释义 4 ●n.  1  a clenching action 攥紧，咬紧；握住 2  a clenched state (状态)攥紧，咬紧；握住 [Old English from Germanic: related to CLING]

Cleo /ˈkli:əu/   克利奥 [人名]

clepsydra /ˈklepsidrə/ n.  an ancient time-measuring device worked by a flow of water (古代的)滴漏计时器 [Latin from Greek klepsudra, from kleptō ‘steal’ + hudōr ‘water’]

clerestory /ˈkliəstɔ:ri/ n. (US also [美亦] clearstory) (pl. -ies)  1  an upper row of windows in a cathedral or large church, above the level of the aisle roofs (教堂侧廊顶端采光或通风用的)天窗；气窗 2 US  a raised section of the roof of a railway carriage, with windows or ventilators [美] (铁路客车的)天窗 [Middle English from CLEAR + STOREY]

clergy /ˈklɜ:dʒi/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the body of all persons ordained for religious duties in the Christian Churches (基督教会)神职人员，教牧人员 2  a number of such persons (若干个)神职人员，教牧人员  ten clergy were present  有十位牧师在场 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from ecclesiastical Latin clericus CLERIC]

clergyman /ˈklɜ:dʒimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of the clergy, esp. Brit. of the Church of England 神职人员，教牧人员；[尤英] (英国国教会)牧师

clergywoman /ˈklɜ:dʒiwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female member of the clergy 女牧师；神职人员的女眷

cleric /ˈklerik/ n.  a member of the clergy 神职人员，教士，牧师 [(originally adj.): ecclesiastical Latin clericus from Greek klērikos, from klēros ‘lot, heritage’, as in Acts 1:26]

clerical /ˈklerik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the clergy or clergymen 神职人员的，教士的，牧师的 2  of or done by a clerk or clerks 职员的，文书工作的 □ clericalism  n.  教权主义□ clericalist  n.  教权主义者□ clerically  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin clericalis (as CLERIC)]

clerical collar n.  a stiff upright white collar fastening at the back, as worn by the clergy in some Churches 牧师领(钮扣钉在颈后的白色硬立领)

clerical error n.  an error made in copying or writing out (誊写中的)笔误

clerihew /ˈklerihju:/ n.  a short comic or nonsensical verse, usu. in two rhyming couplets with lines of unequal length and referring to a famous person 克莱里休诗体(通常含有两个押韵的幽默对句，诗句长短不等) [named after E. Clerihew Bentley, English writer (d. 1956), its inventor]

clerk /klɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person employed in an office, bank, shop, etc., to keep records, accounts, etc. 办事员，职员，记账员 2  a secretary, agent, or record-keeper of a local council (town clerk), court, etc. (地方政府、法庭等的)秘书，书记员，文书，档案员 3  a lay officer of a church (parish clerk), college chapel, etc. 教堂(或堂区)执事，(教堂的)非神职官员 4  a senior official in Parliament (议会中的)高级职员 5 N. Amer.  an assistant in a shop, hotel, or post office [北美]售货员，店员，接待员 6 archaic  a clergyman [古义]神职人员，牧师 ●v. intr.  work as a clerk 当办事员(职员、书记员、秘书等) □ clerkdom  n.  □ clerkess  n. Sc. [苏格兰]  女职员，女文书，女记账员□ clerkish  adj.  □ clerkly  adj.  □ clerkship  n.   [Old English cleric, clerc & Old French clerc, from ecclesiastical Latin clericus CLERIC]

clerk in holy orders n. formal  a clergyman [正式] (英国国教会中正式任命的)牧师，教士

Clerk of the Closet n. (in the UK) the sovereign's principal chaplain (英国)王室附属教堂主管牧师

clerk of the course n.  the judges' secretary etc. in horse or motor racing (赛马或赛车的)裁判秘书

clerk of the works n. (also 亦作 clerk of works) Brit.  an overseer of building works etc. [英] (建筑工程等的)现场监工员

clever /ˈklevə/ adj. (cleverer, cleverest)  1  a  skilful, talented; quick to understand and learn 聪明的，头脑灵敏的，机灵的b colloq.  sensible, wise [口]明智的，英明的 2  adroit, dextrous 灵巧的，手巧的；熟练的 3 (of the doer or the thing done) ingenious, cunning (人或事)足智多谋的，机敏的；巧妙的 □ cleverly  adv.  □ cleverness  n.   [Middle English, = adroit: perhaps related to CLEAVE2, with the sense ‘apt to seize’]

clever-clever adj.  seeking to appear clever 卖弄小聪明的，聪明过头的

clever clogs n. colloq. [口]  = CLEVER DICK 

clever Dick n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a person who is or purports to be smart or knowing [尤英口] (自称)聪明的人，(自称)无所不知的人

clevis /ˈklevis/ n.  1  a U-shaped piece of metal at the end of a beam for attaching tackle etc. (梁或檩一端的) U 形钩，马蹄钩 2  a connection in which a bolt holds one part that fits between the forked ends of another U 形接头 [16th c.: perhaps related to CLEAVE1]

clew /klu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Naut. 【海】  a  a lower or after corner of a sail 帆耳环(连在帆下角的金属环)；帆下角b  a set of small cords suspending a hammock 吊铺绳索 2 archaic [古义]  a  a ball of thread or yarn, esp. with reference to the legend of Theseus and the labyrinth 线团，纱团(尤指神话中引出迷宫的线团)b Brit. [英]  = CLUE  ●v. tr. Naut. 【海】  1 (foll. by 后跟 up)  draw the lower ends of (a sail) to the upper yard or the mast ready for furling 拉动帆耳升(或托)帆 2 (foll. by 后跟 down)  let down (a sail) by the clews in unfurling 放下帆耳降(或收)帆 [Old English cliwen, cleowen]

clianthus /klaiˈænθəs, kli-/ n.  any leguminous plant of the genus Clianthus, native to Australia and New Zealand, bearing drooping clusters of red pealike flowers 耀花豆(豆科植物，产于澳大利亚和新西兰，其花为低垂的红色豌豆花簇) [modern Latin, apparently from Greek klei-, kleos ‘glory’ + anthos ‘flower’]

cliché /ˈkli:ʃei/ n. (also 亦作 cliche)  1  a hackneyed phrase or opinion 陈词滥调，陈腐的思想 2 Brit.  a metal casting of a stereotype or electrotype [英]铅版，电铸版 [French, from clicher ‘to stereotype’]

clichéd /ˈkli:ʃeid/ adj. (also 亦作 cliché'd, cliched)  hackneyed; full of clichés 陈腐的；充满陈词滥调的

click /klik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight sharp sound as of a switch being operated (开启电键时的)咔嗒声，喀嚓声 2  a speech sound in some languages, produced as a type of plosive by sudden withdrawal of the tongue from the soft palate (某些语言中的)吸气音 3  a catch in machinery acting with a slight sharp sound (机器中发出轻微尖声的)棘爪 4  an action causing a horse's hind foot to touch the shoe of a fore foot (使马前后蹄相碰的)动作 ●v.  1  a intr.  make a click 发咔嗒(或喀嚓)声b tr.  cause (one's tongue, heels, etc.) to click 使舌头(鞋后跟等)发出咔嗒声 2 intr. colloq. [口]  a  become clear or understandable 变得明白(或可理解) often prec. by it as subject 常前接 it 作主语 : when I saw them it all clicked  当我看到它们以后，一切都豁然开朗了b  be successful, secure one's object. 成功，达到目的c (foll. by 后跟 with)  become friendly, esp. with a person of the opposite sex (尤指对异性)变得友好d  come to an agreement 达成协议，达成一致 3 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on) Computing  press (one of the buttons on a mouse); select (an item represented on the screen, a particular function, etc.) by so doing 【计算】按动(鼠标)；按动鼠标选取(屏幕上的项目或功能等) □ clicker  n.   [imitative: cf. Dutch klikken, French cliquer]

click beetle n.  a beetle of the family Elateridae, springing up with a click if turned on its back 叩头虫(叩头虫科甲虫)

click-clack n. & v. ●n.  a repeated clicking sound as of shoe heels on a hard surface (鞋跟踩在坚硬地面上发出的)连续咔嗒声 ●v. intr.  make such a sound 发出连续的咔嗒声

client /ˈklaiənt/ n.  1  a person using the services of a lawyer, architect, social worker, or other professional person (雇用律师、建筑师、社会工作者或其他专业人员的)委托人，当事人 2  a customer 顾客，主顾 3 Rom. Hist.  a plebeian under the protection of a patrician [罗马]【史】受贵族保护的平民 4 archaic  a dependant or hanger-on [古义]扈从，侍从 □ clientship  n.   [Middle English from Latin cliens -entis, from cluere ‘hear, obey’]

clientele /kli:ɒnˈtel/ n.  1  clients collectively (总称)委托人 2  customers, esp. of a shop (尤指商店的)顾客，主顾 3  the patrons of a theatre etc. (戏院等的)常客 [Latin clientela ‘clientship’ & French clientèle]

client-server attrib. adj.  designating a computer system in which a central server provides data to a number of networked workstations (计算机系统中的)客户－服务器

Cliff /klif/   克利夫 [人名]

cliff /klif/ n.  a steep rock face, esp. Brit. at the edge of the sea ([尤英]海边的)悬崖，峭壁 □ clifflike  adj.  □ cliffy  adj.   [Old English clif, from Germanic]

cliffhanger /ˈklifhæŋə/ n.  a story etc. with a strong element of suspense; a suspenseful ending to an episode of a serial 扣人心弦的惊险故事；(连载小说或连续剧)以惊险场面结束的每个章节(或每一场戏) □ cliffhanging  adj.  

Clifford /ˈklifəd/   克利福德 [人名]

climacteric /klaiˈmækt(ə)rik, klaimækˈterik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Med.  the period of life when fertility and sexual activity are in decline 【医】更年期，绝经期 2  a supposed critical period in life (esp. occurring at intervals of seven years) (尤指据说每 7 年一次的)人生转折期 ●adj.  1 Med.  occurring at the climacteric 【医】更年期的，绝经期的 2  constituting a crisis; critical 紧要关头的，关键性的 [French climatérique or Latin climactericus from Greek klimaktērikos, from klimaktēr ‘critical period’, from klimax -akos ‘ladder, climax’]

climactic /klaiˈmæktik/ adj.  of or forming a climax 高潮的；形成高潮的 □ climactically  adv.   [CLIMAX + -IC, perhaps influenced by SYNTACTIC or CLIMACTERIC]

climate /ˈklaimət/ n.  1  the prevailing weather conditions of an area 气候 2  a region with particular weather conditions (具有特殊天气情况的)气候区 3  the prevailing trend of opinion or public feeling 风气；潮流；思潮； □ climatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ climatical  /-ˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ climatically  /-ˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French climat or Late Latin clima climat- from Greek klima, from klinō ‘slope, zone’]

climatology /klaiməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of climate 气候学 □ climatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ climatologist  n.  

climax /ˈklaimæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the event or point of greatest intensity or interest; a culmination or apex 最令人紧张(或感兴趣)的事件(或时刻)；高潮；顶点 2  a sexual orgasm 性高潮 3 Rhet. 【修】  a  a series arranged in order of increasing importance etc. 层进法(一种修辞方法)b  the last term in such a series 层进最高格 4 Ecol.  a state of equilibrium reached by a plant community 【生态】(植物的)生态平衡 ●v. tr. & intr. colloq.  bring or come to a climax [口]达到顶点；达到高潮 [Late Latin from Greek klimax -akos ‘ladder, climax’]

climb /klaim/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  ascend, mount, go or come up, esp. by using one's hands 爬上，攀爬，攀登 2 intr. (of a plant) grow up a wall, tree, trellis, etc. by clinging with tendrils or by twining (植物)依附墙(树、棚架等)攀缘向上 3 intr.  move along by grasping or clinging; go with effort; clamber 爬行，费劲地爬；攀爬  climbed across the ditch  爬过沟渠 climbed into bed  爬上床去 4 intr.  make progress in social rank, intellectual or moral strength, etc. (在社会等级方面)往上爬；(智力或道德等)逐渐增长 5 intr. (of an aircraft, the sun, etc.) go upwards (飞机、太阳等)爬高，爬升 6 intr.  slope upwards 斜着上升 ●n.  1  an ascent by climbing 攀登，往上爬 2  a  a place, esp. a hill, climbed or to be climbed (要)攀登的地方(尤指要攀登的山峰)b  a recognized route up a mountain etc. 登山路线 □ climb down   1  descend with the help of one's hands (手脚并用)往下爬，爬下 2  withdraw from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc. 放弃原来(在辩论、谈判等中)坚持过的立场；屈服，退让□ climb into   put on (clothes) 穿上(衣服)□ climbable  adj.   [Old English climban from West Germanic, related to CLEAVE2]

climbdown /ˈklaimdaʊn/ n.  a withdrawal from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc. 放弃原来(在辩论、谈判等中)坚持过的立场；屈服，退让

climber /ˈklaimə/ n.  1  a mountaineer 登山者 2  a climbing plant 攀缘植物 3  a person with strong social etc. aspirations (在社会地位等方面)有抱负的人，有野心的人

climbing frame n. Brit.  a structure of joined bars etc. for children to climb on [英] (用木棒等搭建供儿童玩的)攀缘架

climbing iron n.  a set of spikes attachable to a boot for climbing trees or ice slopes (架线工使用的)上杆脚扣；(登山者用的)铁钉助爬器

climbing perch n.  a S. Asian freshwater fish, Anabas testudinens, able to breathe air and move over land Also called 亦称作 anabas 攀鲈(产于南亚地区的一种淡水鱼，能够呼吸空气并在陆地上爬行)

clime /klaim/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  a region 地区，地带 2  a climate 气候 [Late Latin clima: see CLIMATE]

clinch /klin(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  confirm or settle (an argument, bargain, etc.) conclusively 最终解决(争端)，谈妥(生意) 2 intr. Boxing & Wrestling (of participants) become too closely engaged 【拳击】【摔跤】扭抱在一起 3 intr. colloq.  embrace [口]拥抱，紧抱 4 tr.  secure (a nail or rivet) by driving the point sideways when through (用敲弯钉尖的方法)把钉子钉牢 5 tr. Naut.  fasten (a rope) with a particular half hitch 【海】用半结系牢(绳索) ●n.  1  a  a clinching action 敲弯钉尖的动作b  a clinched state 敲弯钉尖的状态 2 colloq.  an (esp. amorous) embrace [口] (尤指表示爱情的)拥抱 3 Boxing & Wrestling  an action or state in which participants become too closely engaged 【拳击】【摔跤】扭抱的动作(或状态) [16th-c. variant of CLENCH]

clincher /ˈklin(t)ʃə/ n. colloq.  a remark or argument that settles a matter conclusively [口]起决定作用的论点(或评论)

clincher-built var.  of CLINKER-BUILT  CLINKER-BUILT 的变体

cline /klain/ n.  1 Biol.  a graded sequence of differences within a species etc. 【生】渐变群，生态群 2  a continuum with an infinite number of gradations 无限演化的连续体 □ clinal  adj.   [Greek klinō ‘to slope’]

cling /kliŋ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. clung /klʌŋ/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  adhere, stick, or hold on (by means of stickiness, suction, grasping, or embracing) 粘着，缠着，依附 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  remain persistently or stubbornly faithful (to a friend, habit, idea, etc.) (对朋友、习惯、观点等)忠实；坚持，墨守，执著 3  maintain one's grasp; keep hold; resist separation 紧紧抓住；萦绕不散 ●n.  = CLINGSTONE  □ cling together   remain in one body or in contact 粘在一起；保持接触□ clinger  n.  □ clingingly  adv.   [Old English clingan from Germanic, related to CLENCH]

cling film n. Brit.  a very thin clinging transparent plastic film, used as a covering esp. for food [英]保鲜膜(尤指包裹食品用的透明塑料薄膜)

clingstone /ˈkliŋstəʊn/ n.  a variety of peach or nectarine in which the flesh adheres to the stone (cf. 参见 FREESTONE 2) 粘核桃；粘核

clingy /ˈkliŋi/ adj. (clingier, clingiest)  liable to cling 易于粘住的；依附的 □ clinginess  n.  

clinic /ˈklinik/ n.  1  a private or specialized hospital 私人诊所；专科医院 2  a place or occasion for giving specialist medical treatment or advice 门诊部；门诊治疗  eye clinic  眼科门诊 fertility clinic  生育能力检查 3  a gathering at a hospital bedside for the teaching of medicine or surgery 临床讲解；临床教学 4 N. Amer.  a conference or short course on a particular subject [北美]讲席班，培训班  golf clinic  高尔夫球讲席班 □ clinician  /kliˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French clinique from Greek klinikē (tekhnē) ‘clinical’, literally ‘bedside (art)’]

clinical /ˈklinik(ə)l/ adj.  1 Med. 【医】  a  of or for the treatment of patients 临床的，临床治疗的b  taught or learnt at the hospital bedside 临床教学的 2  dispassionate, coldly detached 超然的，冷静客观的 3 (of a room, building, etc.) bare, functional (房间、建筑物等)简朴的，朴素的 □ clinically  adv.   [Latin clinicus from Greek klinikos, from klinē ‘bed’]

clinical death n.  death judged by observation of a person's condition 临床死亡(根据对病情的观察做出的判断)

clinical medicine n.  medicine dealing with the observation and treatment of patients (关于对病人的观察与治疗的)临床医学

clinical thermometer n.  a thermometer with a small range, for taking a person's temperature 体温计，体温表

clink1 /kliŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp ringing sound 叮当声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a clink 发出叮当声 2 tr.  cause (glasses etc.) to clink 使(玻璃杯等)叮当作响 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch klinken; cf. CLANG, CLANK]

clink2 /kliŋk/ n. (often prec. by 常前接 in) slang  prison [俚语]监狱，牢房 [16th c.: origin unknown]

clinker1 /ˈkliŋkə/ n.  1  a mass of slag or lava 熔岩；火山渣 2  a stony residue from burnt coal 炉渣 [earlier clincard etc. from obsolete Dutch klinkaerd, from klinken CLINK1]

clinker2 /ˈkliŋkə/ n.  1 Brit. slang  something excellent or outstanding [英] [俚语]头等货，极好的东西 2 N. Amer. colloq.  a mistake or blunder [北美口]失误，大错 [CLINK1 + -ER1]

clinker-built /kliŋkəˈbilt/ adj. (also 亦作 clincher-built /klin(t)ʃəˈbilt/) (of a boat) having external planks overlapping downwards and secured with clinched copper nails (cf. 参见 CARVEL-BUILT) (船只)瓦叠式外壳的，鱼鳞式外壳的 [clink, northern English variant of CLINCH + -ER1]

clinkstone /ˈkliŋkstəʊn/ n.  a kind of feldspar that rings like iron when struck 响岩(一种撞击时会发出铁一般响声的长石)

clinometer /klaiˈnɒmitə, kli-/ n. Surveying  an instrument for measuring slopes 【测量学】倾角计，倾斜计 [Greek klinō ‘to slope’ + -METER]

Clint /klint/   克林特 [人名]

clint /klint/ n. Geol.  a block forming part of a natural limestone pavement Cf. 参见 GRIKE 【地质】燧石岩，石崖 [Danish and Swedish klint]

Clio /ˈkli:əu/   克利奥 [人名]

cliometrics /klaiəˈmetriks/ n.  a method of historical research making much use of statistical information and methods 计量历史学(一种用统计资料和统计方法来研究历史的方法) [Clio, the name of the Muse of history + METRIC + -ICS]

clip1 /klip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for holding things together or for attachment to an object as a marker, esp. a paper clip or a device worked by a spring 别针(尤指曲别针)；(弹簧)夹子 2  a piece of jewellery fastened by a clip 饰物别针 3  a set of attached cartridges for a firearm (枪枝的)子弹夹；一梭子弹 ●v. tr. (clipped, clipping)  1  fix with a clip 用夹子夹住；用别针别住 2  grip tightly 紧握，抓牢 3  surround closely 缠绕；环绕 [Old English clyppan ‘embrace’, from West Germanic]

clip2 /klip/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (clipped, clipping)  1  cut with shears or scissors, esp. cut short or trim (hair, wool, etc.) 用剪刀剪(尤指修剪、剪短头发、羊毛等) 2  trim or remove the hair or wool of (a person or animal) 给(人)剪发；给(动物)剪毛 3 colloq.  hit smartly [口] (利索漂亮地)击打 4  a  curtail, diminish, cut short 削减；缩减；截短b  omit (a letter etc.) from a word; omit letters or syllables of (words pronounced) (在发音或拼写方面)省略，缩略 5 Brit.  remove a small piece of (a ticket) to show that it has been used [英]在(车票上)剪洞，轧(票) 6  cut (an extract) from a newspaper etc. 剪下(报纸上的文章等) 7 slang  swindle, rob [俚语]诈骗，敲竹杠 8  pare the edge of (a coin) 毁坏(硬币的)边缘 ●n.  1  an act of clipping, esp. shearing or hair-cutting 剪，修剪(尤指剪发、剪毛) 2 colloq.  a smart blow, esp. with the hand [口] (尤指用手)利索漂亮的一击 3  a short sequence from a motion picture (电影的)片段 4  the quantity of wool clipped from a sheep, flock, etc. 一头(或群等)羊的产毛量 5 colloq.  speed, esp. rapid [口]速度(尤指高速) □ clip a person's wings   prevent a person from pursuing ambitions or acting effectively 扼杀某人的雄心；限制某人的权力□ clippable  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse klippa, probably imitative]

clipboard /ˈklipbɔ:d/ n.  a small board with a spring clip for holding papers etc. and providing support for writing 带夹子的写字板，写字夹板

clip-clop /ˈklipklɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  a sound such as the beat of a horse's hoofs 得得声(如马蹄在路面上发出的声响) ●v. intr. (-clopped, -clopping)  make such a sound 发出得得声 [imitative]

clip joint n. slang  a nightclub etc. charging exorbitant prices [俚语]收费高昂的夜总会

clip-on adj.  attached by a clip 用夹子夹住的，用别针别住的

clipper /ˈklipə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of various instruments for clipping hair, fingernails, hedges, etc. 羊毛剪；指甲钳；(修剪树篱的)大剪刀 2  a fast sailing ship, esp. one with raking bows and masts (尤指带倾斜船头和桅杆的)快速帆船 3  a fast horse 快马

clippie /ˈklipi/ n. Brit. colloq.  a bus conductress [英口] (公共汽车)女售票员

clipping /ˈklipiŋ/ n.  a piece clipped or cut from something, esp. from a newspaper, hedge, etc. (从报纸等上)剪下的资料；(从树篱上)剪下的枝条

clique /kli:k/ n.  a small exclusive group of people 派系，小集团 □ cliquey  adj. (cliquier, cliquiest)  □ cliquish  adj.  □ cliquishness  n.   [French, from cliquer CLICK]

C.Lit. abbr. (in the UK) Companion of Literature [缩略] (英国)文学勋位

clitic /ˈklitik/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  an enclitic or proclitic 附着语素(指重读词后的非重读词或连接发音词) □ cliticization  /-tikaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

clitoridectomy /klit(ə)riˈdektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  removal of the clitoris 阴蒂切除

clitoris /ˈklit(ə)ris/ n.  a small erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva 阴蒂，阴核 □ clitoral  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kleitoris]

Clive /klaiv/   克莱夫 [人名]

clivers var.  of CLEAVERS  CLEAVERS 的变体

Cllr. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Councillor 

cloaca /kləʊˈeikə/ n. (pl. cloacae /-si:, -ki:/)  1  the genital and excretory cavity at the end of the intestinal canal in birds, reptiles, etc. (鸟类、爬行动物的)泄殖腔 2  a sewer 阴沟，下水道 □ cloacal  adj.   [Latin, = sewer]

cloak /kləʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outdoor overgarment, usu. sleeveless, hanging loosely from the shoulders 斗篷，披风 2  a covering 遮盖物，覆盖物  cloak of snow  一层覆盖的积雪 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  = CLOAKROOM 2  ●v. tr.  1  cover with a cloak 披上斗篷；用斗篷覆盖 2  conceal, disguise 掩盖；伪装 □ under the cloak of   using as a pretext 以…为借口(托辞) [Middle English from Old French cloke, dialect variant of cloche ‘bell, cloak’ (from its bell shape) from medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’: see CLOCK1]

cloak-and-dagger adj.  involving intrigue and espionage 涉及阴谋和间谍活动的

cloakroom /ˈkləʊkru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room where outdoor clothes or luggage may be left by visitors, clients, etc. 衣帽间；行李寄存处 2 Brit. euphem.  a lavatory [英婉]厕所

clobber1 /ˈklɒbə/ n. Brit. slang  clothing or personal belongings [英] [俚语]衣服；行装 [19th c.: origin unknown]

clobber2 /ˈklɒbə/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  hit repeatedly; beat up 连续重击，狠揍 2  defeat 击败，挫败 3  criticize severely 严厉批评；抨击 [20th c.: origin unknown]

cloche /klɒʃ, kləʊʃ/ n.  1  a small translucent cover for protecting or forcing outdoor plants (保护室外植物或加速其生长的)玻璃罩，塑料罩 2 (in full 全称 cloche hat)  a woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat (紧套在头上的)钟形女帽 [French, = bell, from medieval Latin clocca: see CLOCK1]

clock1 /klɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an instrument for measuring time, driven mechanically or electrically and indicating hours, minutes, etc., by hands on a dial or by displayed figures (机械或电子的)钟，时钟 2  a  any measuring device resembling a clock 钟式计量仪表b colloq.  a speedometer, taximeter, or stopwatch [口]跑表，秒表；(出租汽车)计费器，里程表 3  time taken as an element in competitive sports etc. (速度比赛的体育项目用秒表)计时  ran against the clock  争分夺秒 4 Brit. slang  a person's face [英] [俚语]面部，脸 5 Brit.  a downy seed-head, esp. that of a dandelion [英] (尤指蒲公英的)茸毛头 ●v. tr.  1 colloq. [口]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  attain or register (a stated time, distance, or speed, esp. in a race) (赛跑时)达到…速度(距离、时间等)纪录b  time(a race)with a stopwatch (赛跑)用秒表计时 2 slang  hit, esp. on the head [俚语]打，击打(尤指头部) 3 slang [俚语]  a  see or spot (a person or thing) 看见(人或事物)；认出(人或事物)b  watch, stare at 观看；注视 □ clock in (or on)   register one's arrival at work, esp. by means of an automatic recording clock (尤指用自动记时钟)记录上班时间□ clock off (or out)   register one's departure similarly (用自动记时钟)记录下班时间□ round the clock   all day and (usu.) night 连续一昼夜，日夜不停地□ watch the clock   = CLOCK-WATCH  [Middle English via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German klocke from medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’, perhaps from Celtic]

clock2 /klɒk/ n.  an ornamental pattern on the side of a stocking or sock near the ankle (袜筒上的)织绣花边 [16th c.: origin unknown]

clock golf n.  a game in which a golf ball is putted into a hole from successive points in a circle 钟面式高尔夫球(圆形球场中心只有一个穴，周围有 12 个球座，游戏时顺序从球座击球入穴)

clockmaker /ˈklɒkmeikə/ n.  a person who makes and repairs clocks and watches 钟表制造者，钟表修理者，钟表匠 □ clockmaking  n.  

clock radio n.  a combined radio and alarm clock 闹钟收音机

clock tower n.  a tower, esp. forming part of a church or civic building, displaying a large clock 钟楼(尤指教堂或都市建筑上面有大钟的部分)

clock-watch v. intr.  work over-anxiously to time, esp. so as not to exceed minimum working hours (尤指为了不超过最低工作时间而)盯着钟表等候下班 □ clock-watcher  n.  □ clock-watching  n.  

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaiz/ adj. & adv.  in a curve corresponding in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock 顺时针方向的(地)

clockwork /ˈklɒkwɜ:k/ n.  1  a mechanism like that of a mechanical clock, with a spring and gears (有发条和齿轮的)钟表机械装置 2 (作 attrib.)  a  driven by clockwork 用钟表装置驱动的b  regular, mechanical 有规律的；机械的 □ like clockwork   smoothly, regularly, automatically 顺利地；有规律地；自动地

clod /klɒd/ n.  1  a lump of earth, clay, etc. 土块，泥块 2 colloq.  a silly or foolish person [口]笨蛋，呆子 3  meat cut from the neck of an ox 牛颈肉 [Middle English: variant of CLOT]

cloddish /ˈklɒdiʃ/ adj.  loutish, foolish, clumsy 土里土气的；呆笨的，笨拙的 □ cloddishly  adv.  □ cloddishness  n.  

clodhopper /ˈklɒdhɒpə/ n. colloq. [口]  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a large heavy shoe 笨重的鞋子 2  = CLOD 2 

clodhopping /ˈklɒdhɒpiŋ/ adj. colloq. [口]  = CLODDISH 

clodpoll /ˈklɒdpɒl/ n. slang [俚语]  = CLOD 2 

clog /klɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shoe with a thick wooden sole 木屐(用厚木板作底的鞋) 2 archaic  an encumbrance or impediment [古义]障碍；障碍物 3  a block of wood to impede an animal's movement 脚坠；颈坠(绑在动物腿或颈上以阻碍其行动的重物) ●v. (clogged, clogging)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a tr.  obstruct, esp. by accumulation of glutinous matter 塞满，阻塞，堵塞(尤指由黏稠物的积累所致)b intr.  become obstructed 被塞满，被阻塞 2 tr.  impede, hamper 阻碍，妨碍 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  fill with glutinous or choking matter 积满黏稠物，凝成一块 [Middle English: origin unknown]

clog dance n.  a dance performed in clogs 木屐舞

cloggy /ˈklɒɡi/ adj. (cloggier, cloggiest)  1  lumpy, knotty 多块的，多节疤的 2  sticky 黏稠的，易凝结的

cloisonné /ˈklwɑ:zɒnei, -ˈzɒnei/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an enamel finish produced by forming areas of different colours separated by strips of wire placed edgeways on a metal backing (嵌丝式)景泰蓝 2  this process 景泰蓝制作方法 ●adj. (of enamel) made by this process 用景泰蓝制作方法上釉的 [French, from cloison ‘compartment’]

cloister /ˈklɔistə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covered walk, often with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other, esp. in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral (尤指修道院、学院或大教堂的)回廊，走廊 2  monastic life or seclusion 修道院的生活；隐居 3  a convent or monastery 修道院 ●v. tr.  seclude or shut up, usu. in a convent or monastery 隐居，与世隔绝(通常指隐居于修道院中) □ cloistral  adj.   [Middle English via Old French cloistre from Latin claustrum, clostrum ‘lock, enclosed place’, from claudere claus- CLOSE2]

cloistered /ˈklɔistəd/ adj.  1  secluded, sheltered 隐居的，与世隔绝的 2  monastic 修道院的

clomp /klɒmp/ var.  of CLUMP  v. 2 CLUMP v. 2 的变体

clone /kləʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a group of cells or organisms produced asexually from one stock or ancestor 无性繁殖系，纯系，克隆b  one such cell or organism 无性繁殖的细胞(或生物) 2  a person or thing regarded as identical with another 一模一样的人(或物)；复制品，翻版 ●v. tr.  propagate as a clone (使)无性繁殖，克隆 □ clonal  adj.   [Greek klōn ‘twig, slip’]

clonk /klɒŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  an abrupt heavy sound of impact 噔的一声 ●v.  1 intr.  make such a sound 发出噔的一声 2 tr. colloq.  hit [口]噔一声击中 [imitative]

clonus /ˈkləʊnəs/ n. Physiol.  a spasm with alternate muscular contractions and relaxations 【生理】阵挛 □ clonic  adj.   [Greek klonos ‘turmoil’]

clop /klɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  the sound made by a horse's hoofs (马蹄发出的)得得声 ●v. intr. (clopped, clopping)  make this sound 发得得声 [imitative]

cloqué /ˈkləʊkei, 法 klɔke/ n.  a fabric with an irregularly raised surface 泡泡点纹织物；轧花织物 [French, = blistered]

close1 /kləʊs/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  situated at only a short distance or interval 近的，靠近的 2  a  having a strong or immediate relation or connection 关系近的，密切的  close friend  密友 close relative  近亲b  in intimate friendship or association 亲密的，亲近的  were very close  非常亲密c  corresponding almost exactly 近乎相等的  close resemblance  酷似之处d  fitting tightly 紧的  close cap  尺寸紧的帽子e (of hair etc.) short, near the surface (头发等)短的，贴近头皮的 3  in or almost in contact 接触到的；几乎接触到的  close combat  肉搏战 close proximity  非常接近 4  dense, compact, with no or only slight intervals 紧密的；密集的，稠密的  close texture  紧密的织物 close writing  密密麻麻的书写 close formation  密集的队形 close thicket  茂密的灌木丛 5  in which competitors are almost equal 势均力敌的，旗鼓相当的  close contest  旗鼓相当的竞赛 close election  势均力敌的选举 6  leaving no gaps or weaknesses, rigorous 严密的，周密的，缜密的  close reasoning  缜密的推理 7  concentrated, searching 精力集中的，彻底的  close examination  彻底的检查 close attention  密切关注 8 (of air etc.) stuffy or humid (空气等)闷热的；潮湿的 9  closed, shut 关闭的，封闭的 10  limited or restricted to certain persons etc. 有限制的，仅限于(某些人等)的  close corporation  封闭式公司 close scholarship  限制性奖学金 11  a  hidden, secret, covered 隐藏的，秘密的b  secretive 遮遮掩掩的；守口如瓶的 12 (of a danger etc.) directly threatening, narrowly avoided (危险等)有直接威胁的；险些…的  that was close  差点儿(酿成大祸) 13  niggardly 小气的，吝啬的 14 (of a vowel) produced with a relatively narrow opening of the mouth and with the tongue close to the palate (元音)闭音的(开口程度小，舌尖接近上腭的) 15  narrow, confined, contracted 狭窄的，空间有限的 16  under prohibition 禁止的 ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 by, to)  at only a short distance or interval 近，靠近地  they live close by  他们就住在附近 close to the church  离教堂很近 2  closely, in a close manner 紧紧地  shut close  关紧 ●n.  1  an enclosed space 圈起的场地 2 Brit.  a street closed at one end [英]一头不通的街道；死胡同 3 Brit.  the precinct of a cathedral [英] (大教堂)周围的场地，院子 4 Brit.  a school playing field or playground [英] (学校的)运动场 5 Sc.  an entry from the street to a common stairway or to a court at the back [苏格兰] (院子、主楼梯的)入口，通道 □ close on (or upon)  Brit.  nearly, very near to [英]将近，接近于  it took close on three hours  用了将近 3 个小时□ close to the wind   see 见 WIND1 □ go close  (of a racehorse) win or almost win (赛马)赢；差一点儿赢了□ closely  adv.  □ closeness  n.  □ closish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French clos from Latin clausum ‘enclosure’ & clausus, past part. of claudere ‘shut’]

close2 /kləʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  shut (a lid, box, door, room, house, etc.) 关，闭，盖；封闭b intr.  be shut 关着，盖着  the door closed slowly  门慢慢地关上了c tr.  block up 堵塞，堵住 2  a tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end (使)结束，(使)终止b intr.  finish speaking 结束(演讲)  closed with an expression of thanks  以感谢的话结束演讲c tr.  settle (a bargain etc.) 谈妥，商定(交易等) 3  a intr.  end the day's business 停止营业；收盘b tr.  end the day's business at (a shop, office, etc.) 打烊，关门(停止营业) 4 tr. & intr.  bring or come closer or into contact (使)靠拢；(使)联合；(使)愈合  close ranks  使队形密集；紧密团结 5 tr.  make (an electric circuit etc.) continuous 闭合，关闭(电路等) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  express agreement (with an offer, terms, or the person offering them) 达成协议；表示同意 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  come within striking distance; grapple (殴斗前)靠拢；扭打，搏斗 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of a hand, box, etc.) grasp or entrap (指手或拳击的一击)抓住；包围，围拢 ●n.  1  a conclusion, an end 结束，终止 2 Mus.  a cadence 【音】终止式，终止 □ close down   1  discontinue (or cause to discontinue) business, esp. permanently (商店等)关闭，歇业(尤指倒闭) 2 Brit. (of a broadcasting station) end transmission, esp. until the next day [英] (电台)停止播音□ close one's eyes   1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  pay no attention 不理会，视而不见 2  die 死亡□ close in   1  enclose 包围，围住 2  come nearer 靠近，逼近 3 (of days) get successively shorter with the approach of the winter solstice (白昼随着冬至的到来而)逐渐变短□ close out  N. Amer.  discontinue, terminate, dispose of (a business) [北美]停止，结束；歇业，卖掉(企业等)□ close up   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  move closer 靠拢，靠紧 2  shut, esp. temporarily (尤指暂时)关闭 3  block up 堵住，堵塞 4 (of an aperture) grow smaller (隙缝)缩小，变小 5  coalesce 愈合□ closable  adj.  □ closer  n.   [Middle English via Old French clos- stem of clore from Latin claudere ‘shut’]

close-coupled adj.  1  attached or fixed close together 连接的；靠近安装的 2 (of a lavatory unit) with the cistern and pan directly connected (厕所便器)水箱和马桶一体并联的

close-cropped adj. (esp. of hair or grass) cut very short (尤指头发或草坪)剪得很短的

closed /kləʊzd/ adj.  1  not giving access; shut 关闭的，封闭的 2 (of a shop etc.) having ceased business temporarily (商店等)暂时停业的 3 (of a society, system, etc.) self-contained; not communicating with others (社会、体制等)自给自足的；闭关自守的 4 (of a sport etc.) restricted to specified competitors etc. (体育运动等)仅限于特定选手参加的

closed book n.  a subject about which one is ignorant 不知道的事，不理解的事

closed-circuit attrib. adj. (of television) transmitted by wires to a restricted set of receivers (电视)闭路的

closed-end adj.  having a predetermined extent (cf. 参见 OPEN-ENDED) 预定范围的；有限制的

closed-in adj.  1  enclosed 包围的，封锁的 2  lacking in space; restricted 范围狭小的；受限制的，有限的

close-down n.  1  an act of closing down (a business etc.); a cessation of work or use 关闭，歇业；停止工作(或使用) 2 Brit.  the end of transmission of broadcasting until the next day [英] (电台、电视台等)停止播音

closed season N. Amer. var.  of CLOSE SEASON [北美] CLOSE SEASON 的变体

closed shop n.  1  a place of work etc. where all employees must belong to an agreed trade union (只雇佣工会会员的)商店(或工厂) 2  this system 只雇佣工会会员的制度

closed syllable n.  a syllable ending in a consonant 闭音节

close-fisted adj.  niggardly 吝啬的，小气的，一毛不拔的

close-fitting adj. (of a garment) fitting close to the body (衣服)紧身的

close-grained adj.  without gaps between fibres etc. (木材等)纹理细密的

close harmony n.  harmony in which the notes of the chord are close together, esp. in vocal music (尤指声乐的)密集合声

close-hauled adj. (of a ship) with the sails hauled aft to sail close to the wind (轮船)迎风航行的

close-in attrib. adj.  1  close-range 紧靠…的；近程的 2  close to the centre 靠近中心的，附近的

close-knit adj.  tightly bound or interlocked; closely united in friendship 紧密结合在一起的；关系密切的

close-mouthed adj.  reticent 沉默寡言的；缄默的

close quarters n. pl. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 at or from close quarters)  a very short distance 近距离 □ close-quarter  attrib. adj.  近距离的，近处的  a close-quarter glimpse  近距离的一瞥

close-range attrib. adj.  1  at or from a short distance 在近处；从附近 2 (of a weapon) designed to be fired over a short distance (武器)近程的

close-run attrib. adj. (of a race, election, etc.) closely contested; almost even in outcome (比赛、选等)不相上下的，旗鼓相当的

close season n. (N. Amer. [北美] closed season)  the season when something, esp. the killing of game etc., is illegal 禁猎(或禁渔)季节

close-set adj.  set close together; separated only by a small interval or intervals 排列紧密的；位置靠近的

close shave n. colloq.  a narrow escape [口]侥幸脱险，死里逃生

closet /ˈklɒzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small or private room 小房间，私室 2  a cupboard or recess 碗橱，壁橱 3 Brit. [英]  = WATER CLOSET  4 (作 attrib.)  secret, covert 秘密的，隐蔽的，私下的  closet homosexual  未公开的同性恋者 ●v. tr. (closeted, closeting)  shut away, esp. in private conference or study (尤指私人会晤或研究时)把…关在小房间里 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of clos: see CLOSE1]

closet play n. (also 亦作 closet drama)  a play to be read rather than acted 案头剧本，书斋剧本(指仅供阅读不适合演出的戏剧)

close-up n. & adj. ●n.  1  a photograph etc. taken at close range and showing the subject on a large scale (照片、电影等的)特写镜头 2  an intimate description 详细的描写 ●attrib. adj.  at close range 近距离的

closing time n.  the time at which a public house, shop, etc., ends business (酒店、商店等的)打烊时间，停止营业时间

clostridial /klɒˈstridiəl/ adj.  of, relating to, or caused by rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Clostridium, many which cause disease (e.g. tetanus, botulism) (关于)梭状芽孢杆菌的；由梭状芽孢杆菌引起的(如破伤风、肉毒中毒) [modern Latin genus name Clostridium, from Greek klōstēr ‘spindle’]

closure /ˈkləʊʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or process of closing 关闭，闭合动作(或过程) 2  a closed condition 关闭，闭合(状态) 3  something that closes or seals, e.g. a cap or tie 闭合物，可闭合的东西(如帽子、领带等) 4 esp. Brit.  a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote, esp. in a legislative assembly [尤英] (尤指下院)终止辩论提付表决 ●v. tr.  apply the closure to (a motion, speakers, etc.) in a legislative assembly (下院)终止(动议、议长发言等) [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin clausura, from claudere claus- CLOSE2]

clot /klɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thick mass of coagulated liquid, esp. of blood (尤指血液的)凝块b  a mass of material stuck together (物质粘在一起的)块，团 2 Brit. colloq.  a silly or foolish person [英口]傻瓜，呆子，笨蛋 ●v. tr. & intr. (clotted, clotting)  form into clots 凝结成块 [Old English clot(t) from West Germanic: probably related to CLEAT]

cloth /klɒθ/ n. (pl. cloths /klɒθz, klɒðz/)  1  woven or felted material 布，织物，布料 2  a piece of this 一块布料 3  a piece of cloth for a particular purpose; a tablecloth, dishcloth, etc. (有特殊用途的)布块，桌布，揩布 4  woollen woven fabric as used for clothes 毛料，衣料 5  a  profession or status, esp. of the clergy, as shown by clothes (由服装来表示的)职业(尤指教士职业)  respect due to his cloth  因他的职业而受尊敬b (prec. by 前接 the)  the clergy (总称)教士 [Old English clɑˉth, of unknown origin]

cloth-cap adj. Brit.  relating to or associated with the working class [英]戴布帽子的，劳工阶级的

clothe /kləʊð/ v. tr. (past and past part. clothed or archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语] clad /klæd/)  1  put clothes on; provide with clothes (see also 亦见 CLAD1) 给…穿衣，为…提供衣服 2  cover as with clothes or a cloth (似穿衣般)覆盖；披上 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  endue (with qualities etc.) 赋予(特性、才能等) [Old English: related to CLOTH]

cloth-eared adj. Brit. colloq.  somewhat deaf or insensitive to sound [英口]有点耳聋的，听觉不灵的

clothes /kləʊ(ð)z/ n. pl.  1  garments worn to cover the body and limbs 衣服，服装 2  bedclothes 床上用品 [Old English clɑˉthas pl. of clɑˉth CLOTH]

clothes horse n.  1  a frame for airing washed clothes 晾衣架 2 colloq.  an affectedly fashionable person [口]讲究穿着者，追求时髦服饰者

clothes line n.  a rope or wire etc. on which washed clothes are hung to dry 晾衣绳

clothes-moth  see 见 MOTH 2 

clothes-peg n. Brit.  a clip or forked device for securing clothes to a clothes line [英] (晾衣用的)衣夹

clothes-pin n. N. Amer.  a clothes-peg [北美] (晾衣用的)衣夹

clothier /ˈkləʊðiə/ n.  a seller of men's clothes 男式服装销售商 [Middle English clother from CLOTH]

clothing /ˈkləʊðiŋ/ n.  clothes collectively (总称)衣服，衣着

cloth of gold n. (also 亦作 cloth of silver)  tissue of gold (or silver) threads interwoven with silk or wool (织有金(或银)线的)丝绸布料，毛料

clotted cream n. esp. Brit.  thick cream obtained by slow scalding [尤英] (牛奶用文火加热而成的)浓缩奶油

cloture /ˈkləʊtjʊə/ n. & v. US [美] ●n.  = CLOSUREn. 4  ●v. tr.  = CLOSUREv.  [French clôture from Old French CLOSURE]

clou /klu:, 法 klu/ n.  1  the point of greatest interest; the chief attraction 兴趣的中心，最迷人之处 2  the central idea 中心思想 [French, = nail]

cloud /klaʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere high above the general level of the ground 云，云雾 2  a mass of smoke or dust 烟雾，烟尘 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a great number of insects, birds, etc., moving together (密集飞行的昆虫、鸟等)一大群 4  a  a state of gloom, trouble, or suspicion 忧郁(或烦恼)状态；疑团b  a frowning or depressed look 皱眉，沮丧的表情  a cloud on his brow  眉头紧皱 5  a local dimness or a vague patch of colour in or on a liquid or a transparent body (液体或透明物体的)混浊团 6  an unsubstantial or fleeting thing 虚幻的事物；一闪而过的事物 7  obscurity 黑暗，昏暗 ●v.  1 tr.  cover or darken with clouds or gloom or trouble 用(云、忧愁、麻烦等)覆盖，遮蔽；使忧郁，使烦恼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over, up)  become overcast or gloomy 阴云密布，变阴沉 3 tr.  make unclear 使模糊，使昏暗 4 tr.  variegate with vague patches of colour 使…有污斑，使混浊 □ in the clouds   1  unreal, imaginary, mystical 虚无缥缈的；幻想的；神秘的 2 (of a person) abstracted, inattentive (指人)心不在焉的□ on cloud nine (or archaic [古义] seven)  colloq.  extremely happy [口]极为幸福，飘飘然□ under a cloud   out of favour, discredited, under suspicion 失宠；名誉扫地；受怀疑□ with one's head in the clouds   daydreaming, unrealistic 做白日梦的，不切实际的□ cloudless  adj.  □ cloudlessly  adv.  □ cloudlet  n.   [Old English clūd ‘mass of rock or earth’, probably related to CLOD]

cloud base n.  the mass of cloud that is lowest in altitude 云底(指高度最低的云层)

cloudberry /ˈklaʊdberi, -b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small mountain bramble, Rubus chamaemorus, with a white flower and an orange-coloured fruit 云莓，野黄莓(一种生长在山里的悬钩子属黑刺莓丛，开白色花，结橘红色莓果)

cloudburst /ˈklaʊdbɜ:st/ n.  a sudden violent rainstorm 大暴雨，骤雨

cloud-castle n. Brit.  a daydream [英]白日梦，空中楼阁

cloud chamber n.  a device containing vapour for tracking the paths of charged particles, X-rays, and gamma rays 云室(一种含饱和水蒸气的辐射探测器，用于探测充电粒子、 X 射线和伽马射线)

cloud cover n.  1  a canopy of clouds 天幕(指天空中被云彩遮蔽的部分) 2  the extent of this canopy 云量(指天幕所笼罩的范围)

cloud-cuckoo-land n.  a fanciful or ideal place 幻境，仙境；(脱离现实的)理想世界 [translation of Greek Nephelokokkugia, from nephelē ‘cloud’ + kokkux ‘cuckoo’ (in Aristophanes' Birds)]

clouded leopard n.  a large spotted arboreal cat, Neofelis nebulosa, of SE Asia 云豹(猫科动物，似豹但比豹小，产于东南亚)

cloud-hopping n.  movement of an aircraft from cloud to cloud, esp. for concealment (尤指飞机以隐蔽为目的的)穿云飞行

cloud-land n.  a utopia or fairyland 幻境，仙境；乌托邦

cloudscape /ˈklaʊdskeip/ n.  1  a picturesque grouping of clouds 云景 2  a picture or view of clouds 云图 [CLOUD n., on the pattern of landscape]

cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ adj. (cloudier, cloudiest)  1  a (of the sky) covered with clouds, overcast (指天空)多云的，乌云密布的b (of weather) characterized by clouds (指天气)阴天的 2  not transparent; unclear 不透明的，混浊的 □ cloudily  adv.  □ cloudiness  n.  

clough /klʌf/ n. dial.  a steep valley usu. with a torrent bed; a ravine [方] (谷底通常受洪水冲刷的)峡谷，深谷；沟壑 [Old English clōh, from Germanic]

clout /klaʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy blow 猛击，重敲 2 colloq.  influence, power of effective action, esp. in politics or business [口] (尤指政治或生意方面的)影响；门路 3 dial.  a piece of cloth or clothing [方]一块布；(男婴的)一件衣服  cast not a clout  一件衣服也不脱 4 Archery hist.  a piece of canvas on a frame, used as a mark 【射箭】[史义] (挂在架子上的)帆布箭靶 5  a nail with a large flat head 大平头钉子 6  a patch 补丁 ●v. tr.  1  hit hard 敲击，猛击 2  mend with a patch 给…打补丁 [Old English clūt, related to CLEAT, CLOT]

clove1 /kləʊv/ n.  1  a  a dried flower bud of a tropical plant, Eugenia aromatica, used as a pungent aromatic spice 丁香，(用作香料的)干丁香花苞b  this plant 丁香树 2 (in full 全称 clove gillyflower or clove pink)  a clove-scented pink, Dianthus caryophyllus, the original of the carnation and other double pinks 麝香石竹，康乃馨(石竹属植物) [Middle English from Old French clou (de girofle) ‘nail (of gillyflower)’, from its shape, GILLYFLOWER being originally the name of the spice; later applied to the similarly scented pink]

clove2 /kləʊv/ n.  any of the small bulbs making up a compound bulb of garlic, shallot, etc. (构成大蒜、青葱等小鳞茎的)瓣；小鳞茎 [Old English clufu, related to CLEAVE1]

clove3 past  of CLEAVE1  

clove hitch n.  a knot by which a rope is secured by passing it twice round a spar or rope that it crosses at right angles 卷结(用绳缠绕杆、棒两圈然后打结的方法) [old past part. of CLEAVE1, as showing parallel separate lines]

cloven /ˈkləʊv(ə)n/ adj.  split, partly divided 劈开的，裂开的 □ show the cloven hoof   reveal one's evil nature 露马脚，现原形□ cloven-footed  /-ˈfʊtid/ adj.  □ cloven-hoofed  /-ˈhu:ft/ adj.  分趾蹄，偶蹄 [past part. of CLEAVE1]

cloven hoof n. (also 亦作 cloven foot)  the divided hoof of ruminant quadrupeds (e.g. oxen, sheep, goats); also ascribed to the god Pan, and so to the Devil 分趾蹄，偶蹄(如牛、绵羊、山羊等的蹄)；(希腊牧羊神)潘的足，恶魔的足

clove pink  see 见 CLOVE1 2 

clover /ˈkləʊvə/ n.  any leguminous fodder plant of the genus Trifolium, having dense flower heads and leaves each consisting of usu. three leaflets 车轴草，三叶草(苜蓿属植物，每个叶柄上通常有 3 片叶子，可作牧草) □ in clover   in ease and luxury 生活安逸的；奢侈的 [Old English clɑˉfre, from Germanic]

cloverleaf /ˈkləʊvəli:f/ n.  a junction of roads intersecting at different levels with connecting sections forming the pattern of a four-leaved clover (道路的)苜蓿叶式立体交叉，四叶式立体交叉

clown /klaʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a comic entertainer, esp. in a pantomime or circus, usu. with traditional costume and make-up (尤指哑剧或马戏中的)小丑，滑稽演员 2  a silly, foolish, or playful person 无知的人；诙谐的人 3 archaic  a rustic [古义]乡下人，土包子 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  behave like a clown; act foolishly or playfully 扮小丑；装傻；开玩笑 2 tr.  perform (a part, an action, etc.) like a clown 扮演小丑 □ clownery  n.  □ clownish  adj.  □ clownishly  adv.  □ clownishness  n.   [16th c.: perhaps of Low German origin]

cloy /klɔi/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  satiate or sicken with an excess of sweetness, richness, etc. (因太甜或油腻而)倒胃口；厌腻 □ cloyingly  adv.   [Middle English from obsolete accloy, via Anglo-French acloyer, Old French encloyer from Romanic]

cloze /kləʊz/ n.  the exercise of supplying a word that has been omitted from a passage as a test of readability or comprehension (要求填写选文中删去的词语以测验阅读理解能力的)完形填空，填充测验 usu. 通常作 attrib.: cloze test  完形填空测试 [CLOSURE]

club /klʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy stick with a thick end, used as a weapon etc. (用作武器等的)大头棒，棍棒 2  a stick used in a game, esp. a stick with a head used in golf 球棒(尤指高尔夫球棒) 3  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by a black trefoil (纸牌戏中的)梅花牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit (纸牌戏中的)梅花长套 4  an association of persons united by a common interest, usu. meeting periodically for a shared activity 俱乐部，联谊会  tennis club  网球俱乐部 yacht club  帆船俱乐部 5  an organization or premises offering members social amenities, meals and temporary residence, etc. (提供社交场合、吃、住等的)建筑物；会所 6  a commercial organization offering subscribers special deals (为会员提供优惠待遇的)商业组织；社团  book club  书社 7  a group of persons, nations, etc., having something in common (因共同利益而联合起来的)团体；国家集团 8  = CLUBHOUSE  9  a structure or organ, esp. in a plant, with a knob at the end (末端粗大如瘤的)棒状植物结构(或器官) ●v. (clubbed, clubbing)  1 tr.  beat with or as with a club (似)用棍棒打 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 together)  combine with others for joint action, esp. making up a sum of money for a purpose 联合起来(做某事)；(尤指)联合募捐 3 tr.  contribute (money etc.) to a common stock 捐献；合资 4 intr. colloq.  go out to nightclubs [口]去夜总会  went clubbing every weekend  每个周末都去夜总会 □ in the club  Brit. slang  pregnant [英] [俚语]怀孕□ clubber  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse klubba, assimilated form of klumba ‘club’, related to CLUMP]

clubbable /ˈklʌbəb(ə)l/ adj.  sociable; fit for membership of a club 好交际的；有资格作俱乐部会员的 □ clubbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ clubbableness  n.  

clubby /ˈklʌbi/ adj. (clubbier, clubbiest) esp. US  sociable; friendly [尤美]好交际的；友善的

club car n. N. Amer.  a railway carriage equipped with a lounge and other amenities [北美] (火车上有舒适座位及小吃的)休息车厢

club class n. Brit.  a class of fare on aircraft etc. designed for the business traveller [英] (适合于商务旅行者的飞机等)票价，价位

club foot n.  a congenitally deformed foot (先天性的)畸形足 □ club-footed  adj.  

clubhouse /ˈklʌbhaʊs/ n.  the premises used by a club 俱乐部会所

clubland /ˈklʌblænd/ n. Brit.  an area where many clubs are, esp. St James's in London [英] 俱乐部集中区(尤指伦敦的圣詹姆斯俱乐部集中区)

clubman /ˈklʌbmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of one or more clubs (see 见 CLUB n. 5) 俱乐部会员

clubmate /ˈklʌbmeit/ n.  a fellow member of a sports club 体育俱乐部会员

clubmoss /ˈklʌbmɒs/ n.  a usu. small creeping plant of the pteridophyte family Lycopodiaceae, bearing upright spikes of spore cases 石松(一种蔓生蕨类植物)

clubroot /ˈklʌbru:t/ n.  a disease of cabbages etc. with swelling at the base of the stem (甘蓝等植物的)根肿病

club sandwich n.  a sandwich of meat (esp. chicken and bacon), tomato, lettuce, and dressing, usu. with two layers of filling between three slices of toast or bread 总会三明治(由三片面包夹两层鸡肉或火腿、生菜、番茄及调料)

club soda n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SODA 2 

cluck /klʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a guttural cry like that of a hen (母鸡呼唤小鸡时发出的)咯咯叫声 2 slang  a silly or foolish person [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋  dumb cluck  笨蛋，蠢货 ●v. intr.  emit a cluck or clucks 发咯咯叫声 [imitative]

clucky /ˈklʌki/ adj. (of a hen) sitting on eggs (母鸡)孵蛋的

clue /klu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fact or idea that serves as a guide, or suggests a line of enquiry, in a problem or investigation (问题或调查的)线索，端倪 2  a piece of evidence etc. in the detection of a crime (案件侦破中的)线索，证据 3  a verbal formula serving as a hint as to what is to be inserted in a crossword (纵横填字字谜的)提示词语 4  a  the thread of a story (故事的)线索b  a train of thought 思路，思绪 ●v. tr. (clues, clued, cluing or clueing)  provide a clue to 为…提供线索，提示 □ clue in (or Brit. [英] up)  slang  inform [俚语]告诉，使了解□ not have a clue  colloq.  be ignorant or incompetent [口]一无所知；蠢笨无能 [variant of CLEW]

clued-up adj.  well informed, intelligent 消息灵通的，熟悉的

clueless /ˈklu:lis/ adj. colloq.  ignorant, stupid [口]一无所知的；无知的，愚蠢的 □ cluelessly  adv.  □ cluelessness  n.  

clump /klʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a cluster of plants, esp. trees or shrubs (尤指树或灌木的)丛，簇 2  an agglutinated mass of blood cells etc. (血细胞等的)凝块 3  a thick extra sole on a boot or shoe (靴子或鞋外加的)厚鞋底 ●v.  1  a intr.  form a clump 形成一丛(一簇、一群)b tr.  heap or plant together 堆在一起，栽成一丛 2 intr. (also 亦作 clomp /klɒmp/)  walk with heavy tread 拖着沉重的脚步行走 3 tr. colloq.  hit [口]打，击 □ clumpy  adj. (clumpier, clumpiest)   [Middle Low German klumpe, Middle Dutch klompe, related to CLUB]

clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ adj. (clumsier, clumsiest)  1  awkward in movement or shape; ungainly 行动不灵活的，笨拙的；形状难看的 2  difficult to handle or use 操作不方便的，不好使用的 3  tactless 不得体的，不圆通的 □ clumsily  adv.  □ clumsiness  n.   [obsolete clumse ‘be numb with cold’ (probably from Scandinavian)]

clung past and past part.  of CLING 

clunk /klʌŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a dull sound as of thick pieces of metal meeting (笨重金属块碰击而发出的)哐啷声 ●v. intr.  make such a sound 发哐啷声 [imitative]

clunker /ˈklʌŋkə/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  a dilapidated vehicle or machine 破旧汽车(或机器) 2  a failure, a flop 失败者

clunky /ˈklʌŋki/ adj. (clunkier, clunkiest) colloq. [口]  1  making a clunking sound 发哐啷声的 2 N. Amer.  awkward, clumsy [北美]难堪的；笨拙的

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close group or bunch of similar things growing together (植物的)簇，丛；束，串 2  a close group or swarm of people, animals, faint stars, gems, etc. 人群；动物群；(模糊的)星群 3  a group of successive consonants or vowels 辅音群；元音群 ●v.  1 tr.  bring into a cluster or clusters 使成簇，使成群 2 intr.  be or come into a cluster or clusters 丛生 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 round, around)  gather, congregate 群集，聚集 [Old English clyster]

cluster bomb n.  an anti-personnel bomb spraying pellets on impact 榴霰弹，子母弹

clustered /ˈklʌstəd/ adj.  1  growing in or brought into a cluster 丛生的；群集的 2 Archit. (of pillars, columns, or shafts) several close together, or disposed round or half-detached from a pier 【建】(柱子、圆柱、门柱等)簇柱

cluster fly n.  a dipterous fly, Pollenia rudis, with larvae parasitic on earthworms, which gathers around buildings in autumn 粉蝇(双翅目昆虫，多在秋季群集于建筑物周围，其幼虫寄生于蚯蚓身上)

cluster pine n.  a Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinaster, with clustered cones Also called 亦称作 pinaster 海松(产于地中海地区，其球果成束生长)

clutch1 /klʌtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  seize eagerly; grasp tightly 急忙抓住，突然抢走；紧握 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  try, esp. desperately, to seize or grasp 企图抓住，(尤指)拼命地抓 ●n.  1  a  a tight grasp 紧握，抓住b (foll. by 后跟 at)  an act of grasping 攫取，抢夺 2 (in pl. 用复数)  grasping hands, esp. as representing a cruel or relentless grasp or control (尤指代表残酷和残暴控制的)魔爪；控制，统治 3  a (in a motor vehicle) a device for connecting and disconnecting the engine and the transmission (机动车辆)离合器b  the pedal operating this 离合器踏板c  an arrangement for connecting or disconnecting working parts of a machine (机器)离合器杆 [Middle English clucche, clicche via Old English clyccan ‘crook, clench’ from Germanic]

clutch2 /klʌtʃ/ n.  1  a set of eggs for hatching (孵化的)一窝蛋 2  a brood of chickens 一窝小鸡 [18th c.: probably southern English variant of cletch, from cleck ‘to hatch’ from Old Norse klekja, associated with CLUTCH1]

clutch bag n.  a slim flat handbag without handles 女用无带提包

clutter /ˈklʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a crowded and untidy collection of things 凌乱的东西，杂乱的东西 2  an untidy state 凌乱，杂乱 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, with)  crowd untidily, fill with clutter 乱堆；塞满 [partly a variant of clotter ‘coagulate’, partly associated with CLUSTER, CLATTER]

Clyde /klaid/   克莱德 [人名]

Clydesdale /ˈklaidzdeil/ n.  1  a  a horse of a heavy powerful breed, used as draught horses 克莱兹代尔种马(一种强健的挽马)b  this breed 克莱兹代尔马品种 2  a kind of small terrier 克莱兹代尔小猛犬 [originally bred near the river Clyde in Scotland: see DALE]

clypeus /ˈklipiəs/ n. (pl. clypei /-piai/)  a broad plate at the front of an insect's head (昆虫头前部的)唇基；盾部 □ clypeal  adj.  □ clypeate  adj.   [Latin, = round shield]

clyster /ˈklistə/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  an enema 灌肠剂；灌肠法 ●v. tr.  treat with an enema 用灌肠剂治疗，给…灌肠 [Middle English via Old French clystere or Latin clyster from Greek klustēr ‘syringe’, from kluzō ‘wash out’]

CM abbr.  Member of the Order of Canada [缩略]加拿大勋爵士

Cm symb. Chem.  the element curium [符号]【化】(化学元素)锔

Cm. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (sixth series, 1986 －) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 6 辑， 1986 至今)

cm abbr. [缩略]  centimetre(s) 

Cmd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (fourth series, 1918 － 56) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 4 辑， 1918 至 56 年)

Cmdr. abbr. [缩略]  Commander 

Cmdre. abbr. [缩略]  Commodore 

CMG abbr. (in the UK) Companion (of the Order) of St Michael and St George [缩略] (英国)最低级圣迈克尔和圣乔治勋爵士

Cmnd. abbr. Brit.  Command Paper (fifth series, 1956 － 86) [缩略] [英]赦令书(第 5 辑， 1956 至 86 年)

CNAA abbr. (in the UK) Council for National Academic Awards [缩略] (英国)全国学术奖理事会

CND abbr. (in the UK) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament [缩略] (英国)核裁军运动

cnr. abbr. [缩略]  corner 

CNS abbr. [缩略]  central nervous system 中央神经系统

CO abbr. [缩略]  1  Commanding Officer 指挥官 2  conscientious objector (出于道德或宗教原因而)拒服兵役者 3 US  Colorado (in official postal use) [美]科罗拉多州(正式邮政用语)

Co symb. Chem.  the element cobalt [符号]【化】(化学元素)钴

Co. abbr.  1  company  2  county  □ and Co.  /kəʊ/ colloq.  and the rest of them; and similar things [口]及其一伙，以及类似的种种

c/o abbr.  care of [缩略] (书信用语)由…转交

co- /kəʊ/ prefix  1  added to: a  nouns, with the sense ‘joint, mutual, common’ (co-author (书的)合著者 ; co-equality 相互平等) (加在名词前)表示“联合，互相，共同”b  adjectives and adverbs, with the sense ‘jointly, mutually’ (co-belligerent 共同作战的 ; co-equal 相互平等的 ; co-equally 相互平等地) (加在形容词和副词前)表示“联合，共同，互相”c  verbs, with the sense ‘together with another or others’ (cooperate 合作 ; co-author 合著) 加在动词前，表示“和他人一起” 2 Math. 【数】  a  of the complement of an angle (cosine 余弦) 表示“余角的”b  the complement of (co-latitude 余纬度 ; coset 傍系，陪集) 余，补 [originally a form of COM-]

coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a single-decker bus, usu. comfortably equipped for longer journeys [尤英] (单层)长途公共汽车 2  a railway carriage (铁路)旅客车厢 3  a horse-drawn carriage, usu. closed, esp. a State carriage or a stagecoach 四轮轿式大马车；(尤指)公共马车 4  a  an instructor or trainer in sport (体育队的)教练，指导b  a private tutor 私人教师 5 N. Amer.  economy class seating in an aircraft [北美] (飞机的)经济舱 6 Austral.  a docile cow or bullock used as a decoy to attract wild cattle [澳] (用于诱捕野牛的)驯顺母牛或阉牛 ●v.  1 tr.  a  train or teach (a pupil, sports team, etc.) as a coach 训练(运动队)，辅导(学生)b  give hints to; prime with facts 提示；事先为…提供情况 2 intr.  travel by stagecoach 乘坐公共马车旅行  in the old coaching days  在有公共马车的昔日岁月里 [French coche from Hungarian kocsi (szeker) ‘(wagon from) Kocs’, a town in Hungary]

coach-built adj. Brit. (of motor car bodies) individually built by craftsmen [英] (指汽车车身)由工匠用木料制成的 □ coachbuilder  n.  

coach house n.  an outhouse for carriages 马车房

coachload /ˈkəʊtʃləʊd/ n.  a number of people, esp. holidaymakers, taken by coach (尤指乘马车)度假者

coachman /ˈkəʊtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the driver of a horse-drawn carriage 马车车夫

coach station n.  a stopping place for a number of coaches, usu. with buildings and amenities 马车车站；长途公共汽车车站

coachwood /ˈkəʊtʃwʊd/ n. Austral.  any tree, esp. Ceratopetalum apetalum, with close-grained wood suitable for cabinetmaking [澳]角瓣木(一种木质纹理细密的角瓣木属乔木，适于制作柜橱，因曾用于制作汽车车厢而得名)

coachwork /ˈkəʊtʃwɜ:k/ n.  the bodywork of a road or rail vehicle 汽车(或火车)车身；车身的设计(和制造)

coadjutor /kəʊˈædʒʊtə/ n.  an assistant, esp. an assistant bishop 助手，帮手；(尤指)主教助理，副主教 [Middle English via Old French coadjuteur from Late Latin coadjutor (as CO-, adjutor from adjuvare -jut- ‘help’)]

coagulant /kəʊˈæɡjʊlənt/ n.  a substance that produces coagulation 凝结剂

coagulate /kəʊˈæɡjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  1  change from a fluid to a solid or semi-solid state 凝结，凝固 2  clot, curdle 使(牛奶)结成凝乳 3  set, solidify 使(牛奶)固化 □ coagulable  adj.  □ coagulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ coagulator  n.   [Middle English from Latin coagulare, from coagulum ‘rennet’]

coagulation /kəʊæɡjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process by which a liquid changes to a semi-solid mass 凝结，凝固 [as COAGULATE]

coagulum /kəʊˈæɡjʊləm/ n. (pl. coagula /-lə/)  a mass of coagulated matter 凝结物 [Latin: see COAGULATE]

coal /kəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hard black or blackish rock, mainly carbonized plant matter, found in underground seams and used as a fuel and in the manufacture of gas, tar, etc. 煤b Brit.  a piece of this for burning [英] (用作燃料的)煤块 2  a red-hot piece of coal, wood, etc. in a fire (火炉中燃烧的)煤块(或木柴) ●v.  1 intr.  take in a supply of coal 装煤，上煤 2 tr.  put coal into (an engine, fire, etc.) 给(机车、火炉等)装煤 □ coals to Newcastle   something brought or sent to a place where it is already plentiful 多此一举的事，徒劳无益的事□ haul (or call) over the coals   reprimand 责备，申斥□ coaly  adj.   [Old English col, from Germanic]

coal black n. & adj. ●n.  a completely black colour 墨黑色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 墨黑色的

coal dust n.  powdered coal 煤尘

coaler /ˈkəʊlə/ n.  a ship etc. transporting coal 运煤船

coalesce /kəʊəˈles/ v. intr.  1  come together and form one whole (断骨等)接合；(伤口等)愈合 2  combine in a coalition 联合，合并 □ coalescence  n.  □ coalescent  adj.   [Latin coalescere (as CO-, alescere alit- ‘grow’ from alere ‘nourish’)]

coalface /ˈkəʊlfeis/ n.  an exposed surface of coal in a mine 采煤工作面(即煤矿中经开采后露出的煤层截面)

coalfield /ˈkəʊlfi:ld/ n.  an extensive area with strata containing coal 煤田

coal-fired adj.  heated or driven by coal 烧煤的，用煤作动力的

coalfish /ˈkəʊlfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = SAITHE 

coal gas n.  mixed gases extracted from coal and used for lighting and heating 煤气

coal-hole n. Brit.  a compartment or small cellar for storing coal [英] (贮存煤炭的)小煤库，小煤窑

coalhouse /ˈkəʊlhaʊs/ n.  a building for storing coal 煤库

coalition /kəʊəˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Polit.  a temporary alliance for combined action, esp. of distinct parties forming a government, or of states 【政】(政党间)临时结成的联盟，同盟 2  fusion into one whole 结合，联合 □ coalitionist  n.   [medieval Latin coalitio (as COALESCE)]

coalman /ˈkəʊlmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who carries or delivers coal 运煤工人，送煤工人

coal measures n. pl.  a series of rocks formed by seams of coal with intervening strata 石炭煤系

coal mine n.  a mine in which coal is dug 煤矿 □ coal miner  n.  □ coal mining  n. (often 常作 attrib.)  

coalmouse /ˈkəʊlmaʊs/ n. (also 亦作 colemouse) (pl. -mice)  = COAL TIT  [Old English colmɑˉse, from col COAL + mɑˉse as TITMOUSE]

coal-sack n.  1  a sack for carrying coal 装煤的麻袋 2  a dark nebula in the Milky Way, esp. one near the Southern Cross 煤袋(银河系中的暗星云，尤指位于南十字星座附近的暗星云)

coal scuttle n.  a container for coal to supply a domestic fire 煤斗，煤桶

coal-seam n.  a stratum of coal suitable for mining 煤层

coal tar n.  a thick black oily liquid distilled from coal and used as a source of hydrocarbons 煤焦油(干馏煤时获得的用作烃原料的黏稠物质)

coal tit n. (also 亦作 cole tit)  a small greyish bird, Parus ater, with a black head Also called 亦称作 coalmouse 煤山雀(山雀属鸟类，羽毛为浅灰色，头部为黑色)

coaming /ˈkəʊmiŋ/ n.  a raised border round the hatches etc. of a ship to keep out water (船上挡水用的)舱口围板 [17th c.: origin unknown]

coarctate /kəʊˈɑ:kteit/ adj.  1 esp. Anat. & Biol.  pressed close together, compressed (尤)【解】【生】压在一起的，压缩的 2 Zool. (of an insect pupa) concealed by the larval cuticle 【动】(指昆虫的蛹)封闭在蛹壳内的 [Latin coar(c)tatus from coar(c)tare from CO- + artus ‘confined’]

coarctation /kəʊɑ:kˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  compression 压缩 2 Med.  congenital narrowing of the aorta 【医】先天性主动脉狭窄

coarse /kɔ:s/ adj.  1  a  rough or loose in texture or grain; made of large particles 粗的，粗糙的；由大颗粒构成的b (of a person's features) rough or large (指人的外貌特征)粗糙的，粗大的 2  lacking refinement or delicacy; crude, obscene 缺少教养的，不高雅的；粗俗的，下流的  coarse humour  粗俗的幽默 3  rude, uncivil 粗鲁的，无礼貌的 4  inferior, common 粗劣的，低劣的 □ coarsely  adv.  □ coarseness  n.  □ coarsish  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

coarse fish n. Brit.  any freshwater fish other than salmon and trout [英] (除鲑鱼和鲑鳟鱼以外的)淡水鱼 □ coarse fishing  n.  (作为娱乐活动的)捕捉淡水鱼

coarsen /ˈkɔ:s(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become coarse (使)变粗糙(粗俗、粗鲁等)

coast /kəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the border of the land near the sea; the seashore 沿海地区；海岸，海滨b (作 the Coast) N. Amer.  the Pacific coast of N. America [北美] (北美洲的)太平洋沿岸地区 2  a  a run, usu. downhill, on a bicycle without pedalling or in a motor vehicle without using the engine (骑自行车或开汽车沿山坡向下)滑行b N. Amer.  a toboggan slide or slope [北美] (平底雪橇的)滑道；适合滑雪的山坡 ●v. intr.  1  ride or move, usu. downhill, without use of power, freewheel (通常指沿山坡向下)滑雪，惯性滑行 2  make progress without much effort 毫不费力地前进；顺利进展 3 N. Amer.  slide down a hill on a toboggan [北美] (乘坐平底雪橇沿山坡向下)滑行 4  a  sail along the coast 沿岸航行b  trade between ports on the same coast 沿岸经商 □ the coast is clear   there is no danger of being observed or caught 道路畅通无阻；危险已经过去□ coastal  adj.   [Middle English via Old French coste, costeier from Latin costa ‘rib, flank, side’]

coaster /ˈkəʊstə/ n.  1  a ship that travels along the coast from port to port 沿海航行的船只 2  a small tray or mat for a bottle or glass (酒瓶、杯子等的)小托盘，垫子 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a toboggan for coasting (滑坡用的)平底雪橇b  a roller coaster 环滑车，过山车

coastguard /ˈkəʊs(t)ɡɑ:d/ n.  1  an organization keeping watch on the coasts and on local shipping to save life, prevent smuggling, etc. (担任救生及缉私等工作的)海岸警卫队 2  a member of this 海岸警卫队队员

coastland /ˈkəʊs(t)lənd, -lænd/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an expanse of land near the sea 沿海地区

coastline /ˈkəʊs(t)lain/ n.  the line of the seashore, esp. with regard to its shape 海岸线(尤指海岸的轮廓)  a rugged coastline  多岩石的海岸线

coast to coast adj. & adv. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  across an island or continent 跨岛屿的(即从岛的一端海岸至另一端海岸)；跨大陆的(即从大陆的一端海岸至另一端海岸)

coastwise /ˈkəʊstwaiz/ adj. & adv.  along, following, or connected with the coast 沿着海岸(的)

coat /kəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outer garment with sleeves and often extending below the hips; an overcoat or jacket 上衣，外套；大衣 2  a  an animal's fur, hair, etc. (动物的)皮毛b Physiol.  a structure, esp. a membrane, enclosing or lining an organ 【生理】(包在器官外面的)膜c  a skin, rind, or husk (植物的)表皮，树皮，荚皮d  a layer of a bulb etc. (球体的)表层 3  a  a layer or covering 覆盖物；层b  a covering of paint etc. laid on a surface at one time (油漆等的)涂层 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, in)  a  apply a coat of paint etc. to; provide with a layer or covering 在…上涂(油漆等)；覆盖b (as 作 coated adj.)  covered with 覆盖了…的 2 (of paint etc.) form a covering to (指油漆等)形成…的覆盖层 □ on a person's coat-tails   undeservedly benefiting from another's success 坐享其成□ coated  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French cote and Romanic from Frankish, of unknown origin]

coat armour n.  coats of arms 盾形纹章，盾徽

coat check n. N. Amer.  a cloakroom with an attendant [北美] (有管理员的)行李寄存处

coat checker n. N. Amer.  a cloakroom attendant [北美]行李寄存处管理员

coat dress n.  a woman's tailored dress resembling a coat 女士紧身外衣

coatee /kəʊˈti:/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a woman's or infant's short coat 妇女(或婴儿的)短外衣 2 archaic  a close-fitting short coat [古义]紧身短外衣

coat-hanger  see 见 HANGER1 2 

coati /kəʊˈɑ:ti/ n. (pl. coatis)  a raccoon-like flesh-eating mammal of Central and S. America, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, with a long flexible snout and a long usu. ringed tail 长吻浣熊(一种与浣熊相似的肉食哺乳动物，产于中南美洲，其口鼻部长而柔韧，长长的尾巴上通常有环状斑纹) [Tupi, from cua ‘belt’ + tim ‘nose’]

coatimundi /kəʊˌɑ:tiˈmʌndi/ n. (pl. coatimundis)  = COATI  [as COATI + Tupi mondi ‘solitary’]

coating /ˈkəʊtiŋ/ n.  1  a thin layer or covering of paint etc. (油漆等的)涂层，覆盖层 2  material for making coats 外衣料子

coat of arms n.  the heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, or corporation (个人、家族或团体的)纹章，盾形徽章

coat of mail n. hist.  a jacket covered with mail or composed of mail [史义]锁子铠甲

coatroom /ˈkəʊtru:m, -rʊm/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CLOAKROOM 1 

coat-stand n.  a stand with hooks on which to hang coats, hats, etc. 衣帽架

coat-tail n.  each of the flaps formed by the back of a tailcoat (燕尾服的)燕尾

co-author /kəʊˈɔ:θə/ n. & v. ●n.  a joint author (书的)合著者 ●v. tr.  be a joint author of 合著■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AUTHOR. 见 AUTHOR 词条用法说明。 

coax1 /kəʊks/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, or to + infin.)  persuade (a person) gradually or by flattery 劝诱，哄劝 2 (foll. by 后跟 out of)  obtain (a thing from a person) by coaxing (从某人处)诱得(某物) 3  manipulate (a thing) carefully or slowly (小心翼翼地)摆弄(某物) □ coaxer  n.  □ coaxingly  adv.   [16th c.: from ‘make a cokes of’ (obsolete cokes ‘simpleton’), of unknown origin]

coax2 /ˈkəʊæks/ n. colloq.  coaxial cable [口]同轴电缆 [abbreviation]

coaxial /kəʊˈæksiəl/ adj.  1  having a common axis 共轴的，同轴的 2 Electr. (of a cable or line) transmitting by means of two concentric conductors separated by an insulator 【电】(电缆或电线)同轴传输的 □ coaxially  adv.  

cob1 /kɒb/ n.  1  a roundish lump of coal etc. (煤等)圆团，圆块 2 Brit.  a domed loaf of bread [英]圆头面包 3  = CORN COB  4 (in full 全称 cobnut)  a large hazelnut 欧洲榛子 5  a sturdy short-legged horse for riding (供乘骑用的)强壮的短腿马 6  a male swan 雄天鹅 [Middle English: origin unknown]

cob2 /kɒb/ n. Brit.  a material for walls, made from compressed earth, clay, or chalk reinforced with straw [英] (黏土等加稻草拌和成的)筑墙用草泥 [17th c.: origin unknown]

cobalt /ˈkəʊbɔ:lt, -ɒlt/ n. & adj. ●n. Chem.  a silvery-white magnetic metallic element occurring naturally as a mineral in copper and nickel ores and used in many alloys (symbol 符 Co) 【化】(化学元素)钴 ●n. & adj.  = COBALT BLUE  □ cobaltic  /kə(ʊ)ˈbɔ:ltik, -ˈbɒlt-/ adj.  □ cobaltous  /kə(ʊ)ˈbɔ:ltəs, -ˈbɒlt-/ adj.   [German Kobalt = KOBOLD in mines from the belief that cobalt was harmful to the ores with which it occurred]

cobalt blue n. & adj. ●n.  1  a pigment containing a cobalt salt 含钴颜料 2  the deep blue colour of this 钴蓝，钴青，瓷蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 钴蓝色的

cobber /ˈkɒbə/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a companion or friend [澳新口]伙伴，朋友 [19th c.: perhaps related to English dialect cob ‘take a liking to’]

cobble1 /ˈkɒb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 cobblestone)  a small rounded stone of a size used for paving (铺路用的)鹅卵石，圆石 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  coal in lumps of this size [英] (卵石般大小的)圆煤块 ●v. tr.  pave with cobbles 用鹅卵石铺路 [Middle English cobel(-ston), from COB1]

cobble2 /ˈkɒb(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  mend or patch up (esp. shoes) 补缀(尤指修补鞋子) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  join or assemble roughly 胡乱拼凑；粗制滥造 [back-formation from COBBLER]

cobbler /ˈkɒblə/ n.  1  a person who mends shoes, esp. professionally (尤指专业的)修鞋匠 2  an iced drink of wine etc., sugar, and lemon (用葡萄酒、糖、柠檬汁制成的)冷饮料  sherry cobbler  雪利冷饮料 3  a  a pie topped with scones (上面加司康的)馅饼b esp. US  a fruit pie with a rich thick crust [尤美]脆皮水果馅饼 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]胡说，废话 5 Austral. & NZ slang  the last sheep to be shorn [澳新] [俚语] (待剪毛的)最后一只羊 [Middle English, of unknown origin: sense 4 from rhyming slang cobbler's awls = balls: sense 5 with pun on LAST3]

cobblestone  see 见 COBBLE1 n. 1 

co-belligerent /kəʊbiˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any of two or more nations engaged in war as allies 共同作战的国家 ●adj.  of or as a co-belligerent 共同作战的 □ co-belligerence  n.  □ co-belligerency  n.  

coble /ˈkəʊb(ə)l/ n.  a flat-bottomed fishing boat in Scotland and NE England (苏格兰及英格兰东北部的)平底渔船 [Old English, perhaps from Celtic]

cobnut  see 见 COB1 4 

COBOL /ˈkəʊbɒl/ n. Computing  a programming language designed for use in commerce 【计算】商业用途的编程语言 [common business oriented language]

cobra /ˈkəʊbrə, ˈkɒbrə/ n.  any venomous snake of the genus Naja, native to Africa and Asia, able to dilate its neck like a hood when excited 眼镜蛇(眼镜蛇属毒蛇，受到刺激时其颈部的皮褶会胀起呈风帽形，产于非洲和亚洲) [Portuguese, from Latin colubra ‘snake’]

cobweb /ˈkɒbweb/ n.  1  a  a fine network of threads spun by a spider from a liquid extruded from its spinnerets, used to trap insects etc. 蜘蛛网b  the thread of this 蜘蛛丝 2  anything compared with a cobweb, esp. in flimsiness of texture (尤指结构轻而薄的)蜘蛛网状物 3  a trap or insidious entanglement 陷阱，圈套 4 (in pl. 用复数) (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 blow or clear away the cobwebs 扫除陈腐；焕然一新)  a state of lethargy; fustiness 昏睡状态，没精打采；陈腐的东西 □ cobwebbed  adj.  □ cobwebby  adj.   [Middle English cop(pe)web from obsolete coppe ‘spider’]

coca /ˈkəʊkə/ n.  1  a S. American shrub, Erythroxylum coca 古柯树(南美灌木) 2  its dried leaves, chewed as a stimulant 古柯树干叶(用作兴奋剂) [Spanish, from Aymara kuka or Quechua koka]

Coca-Cola /kəʊkəˈkəʊlə/ n. propr.  a carbonated nonalcoholic drink [商标]可口可乐(一种碳酸化不含酒精饮料) [COCA + COLA]

cocaine /kə(ʊ)ˈkein/ n.  a drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as a local anaesthetic and as a stimulant 可卡因，古柯碱(从古柯中制取或人工合成，用作局部麻醉剂或兴奋剂) [COCA + -INE4]

coccidiosis /kɒkˌsidiˈəʊsis/ n.  a disease of birds and mammals caused by any of various parasitic protozoa, esp. of the genus Eimeria, affecting the intestine 球虫病(一种由寄生的原生动物，尤指艾美球虫属，引起的鸟类或哺乳动物肠道疾病) [coccidium (modern Latin from Greek kokkis, diminutive of kokkos ‘berry’) + -OSIS]

coccus /ˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. cocci /ˈkɒk(s)ai, ˈkɒk(s)i:/)  any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium 球菌 □ coccal  adj.  □ coccoid  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kokkos ‘berry’]

coccyx /ˈkɒksiks/ n. (pl. coccyges /-idʒi:z/ or coccyxes)  the small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes (人或类人猿脊椎底部的)尾骨 □ coccygeal  /kɒkˈsidʒiəl/ adj.   [Latin from Greek kokkux -ugos ‘cuckoo’ (from its shape, which resembles the cuckoo's bill)]

Cochin /ˈkɒtʃin/ n. (in full 全称 Cochin China /ˈtʃainə/)  1  a fowl of an Asian breed with feathery legs 交趾鸡(一种亚洲原种家鸡，腿上有浓密的毛) 2  this breed 交趾鸡品种 [Cochin China in Vietnam, where the breed originated]

cochineal /ˈkɒtʃini:l/ n.  1  a scarlet dye used esp. for colouring food 胭脂红(尤用于食品染色) 2  the dried bodies of the female of the Mexican insect, Dactylopius coccus, yielding this (制取胭脂红染料的)雌性胭脂虫干骸 [French cochenille or Spanish cochinilla from Latin coccinus ‘scarlet’, from Greek kokkos ‘berry’]

cochlea /ˈkɒkliə/ n. (pl. cochleae /-klii:/)  the spiral cavity of the internal ear, in which sound vibrations are converted into nervous impulses 耳蜗(螺旋形内耳，声音震动在这里转变成神经冲动) □ cochlear  adj.   [Latin, = snail shell, from Greek kokhlias]

cock1 /kɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a male bird, esp. of a domestic fowl 雄禽； (尤指)公鸡b Brit.  a male lobster, crab, or salmon [英]雄龙虾；雄蟹；雄鲑c  = WOODCOCK  2 Brit. slang (usu. 通常作 old cock as a form of address 打招呼的一种形式)  a friend; a fellow [英] [俚语]老兄，伙计 3 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎 4 Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]废话，无稽之谈 5  a  a firing lever in a gun which can be raised to be released by the trigger (枪的)撞针，击铁b  the cocked position of this (撞针的)待发位置  at full cock  枪处于全击发状态，准备射击 6  a tap or valve controlling flow (水)龙头，旋塞 ●v. tr.  1  raise or make upright or erect 使竖起，使翘起 2  turn or move (the eye or ear) attentively or knowingly 竖起(耳朵)；移动(目光) 3  set aslant, or turn up the brim of (a hat) 歪戴(帽子)，使(帽檐)朝上 4  raise the cock of (a gun) 扣动(枪的)扳机 □ at half cock   only partly ready (枪)处于半击发状态□ cock a snook   see 见 SNOOK1 □ cock up  Brit. slang  bungle; make a mess of [英] [俚语]把…搞糟；把…弄乱 [Old English cocc and Old French coq, probably from medieval Latin coccus]

cock2 /kɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  a small pile of hay, straw, etc. with vertical sides and a rounded top (干草、稻草等的)锥形小堆 ●v. tr.  pile into cocks 堆成堆 [Middle English, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

cockabully /ˈkɒkəbʊli/ n. NZ  any of various small blunt-nosed freshwater fishes, esp. of the genus Gobiomorphus [新]淡水钝鼻小鱼(尤指虾虎鱼属鱼) [Maori kokopu]

cockade /kɒˈkeid/ n.  a rosette etc. worn in a hat as a badge of office or party, or as part of a livery 帽章，帽子上的花结 □ cockaded  adj.   [French cocarde originally in bonnet ɑˋ la coquarde, from fem. of obsolete coquard ‘saucy’ from coq COCK1]

cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədu:d(ə)lˈdu:/ n.  a cock's crow 喔喔喔(公鸡的啼叫声)

cock-a-hoop adj. & adv. ●adj.  exultant; crowing boastfully 欢腾的，得意洋洋的；自负的 ●adv.  exultantly 欢腾地，得意洋洋地；自负地 [16th c.: originally in the phrase set cock a hoop denoting some action preliminary to hard drinking]

cock-a-leekie /kɒkəˈli:ki/ n. (also 亦作 cocky-leeky /kɒki-/)  a soup traditionally made in Scotland with boiling fowl and leeks (苏格兰)鸡肉韭菜汤 [COCK1 + LEEK]

cockalorum /kɒkəˈlɔ:rəm/ n. colloq.  a self-important little man [口]妄自尊大的小人物 [18th c.: arbitrary formation from COCK1]

cock and bull story n.  an absurd or incredible account 荒诞故事，无稽之谈

cockatiel /kɒkəˈti:l/ n. (also 亦作 cockateel) Austral.  a small delicately coloured crested parrot, Nymphicus hollandicus [澳]鸡尾鹦鹉 [Dutch kaketielje]

cockatoo /kɒkəˈtu:/ n.  1  an Australasian parrot of the family Cacatuidae, with a powerful beak and an erectile crest (澳洲)凤头鹦鹉，葵花鹦鹉 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  a small farmer [澳新口]小农场主 [Dutch kaketoe from Malay kakatua, assimilated to COCK1]

cockatrice /ˈkɒkətrais, -tris/ n.  1  = BASILISK 1  2 Heraldry  a fabulous animal, a cock with a serpent's tail 【纹章学】(传说中的)鸡身蛇尾怪物 [Middle English via Old French cocatris from Latin calcare ‘tread, track’, rendering Greek ikhneumōn ‘tracker’: see ICHNEUMON]

cockboat /ˈkɒkbəʊt/ n.  a small ship's boat (附属于大船的)小船，小划艇 [obsolete cock ‘small boat’ (from Old French coque) + BOAT]

cockchafer /ˈkɒktʃeifə/ n.  a large nocturnal beetle, Melolontha melolontha, which feeds on leaves and whose larva feeds on roots of crops etc. Also called 亦称作 May-bug 金龟(一种夜间活动的鳃角金龟科大甲虫，危害植物的叶子，其幼虫危害植物的根) [perhaps from COCK1 (as expressing size or vigour) + CHAFER]

cockcrow /ˈkɒkkrəʊ/ n.  dawn 黎明，鸡鸣时刻

cocked hat n.  1  a brimless triangular hat pointed at the front, back, and top (前、后及顶部呈尖形的)无边三角帽 2 hist.  a hat with a wide brim permanently turned up towards the crown (e.g. a tricorne) [史义] (帽边向上卷起的)三角帽 □ knock into a cocked hat   defeat utterly 彻底打败

cocker /ˈkɒkə/ n. (in full 全称 cocker spaniel)  1  a small spaniel of a breed with a silky coat 西班牙猎用小獚犬 2  this breed 西班牙猎用小獚犬品种 [as COCK1, from the breed's use in hunting woodcocks etc.]

cockerel /ˈkɒk(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a young cock 小公鸡 [Middle English: diminutive of COCK1]

cock-eyed /kɒˈkaid/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  crooked, askew, not level 弯曲的；歪斜的；不平坦的 2 (of a scheme etc.) absurd, not practical (计划等)荒谬的，不切实际的 3  drunk 喝醉酒的 4  squinting 斜视的 [19th c.: apparently from COCK1 + EYE]

cockfight /ˈkɒkfait/ n.  a fight between cocks as sport 斗鸡 □ cockfighting  n.  

cockle1 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ n.  1  a  any edible bivalve mollusc of the genus Cardium, having a chubby ribbed shell 鸟蛤(一种可食用的鸟蛤属双壳软体动物)b  its shell 鸟蛤壳 2 (in full 全称 cockleshell)  a small shallow boat 轻舟，浅底小船 □ warm the cockles of one's heart   make one contented; be satisfying 使人内心感到满足 [Middle English from Old French coquille ‘shell’, ultimately from Greek kogkhulion, from kogkhē CONCH]

cockle2 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ n.  1 (in full 全称 corncockle)  a pink-flowered plant, Agrostemma githago (pink family), formerly common in cornfields 麦仙翁(石竹属植物，开粉红色花，是昔时在玉米地里很常见的一种杂草) 2  a disease of wheat that turns the grains black (小麦)黑穗病 [Old English coccul, perhaps ultimately from Late Latin COCCUS]

cockle3 /ˈkɒk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  pucker, wrinkle 起皱，成褶 2 tr.  cause to cockle 使起皱，使成褶 ●n.  a pucker or wrinkle in paper, glass, etc. (纸、玻璃等的)褶皱，皱痕 [French coquiller ‘blister (bread in cooking)’ from coquille: see COCKLE1]

cocklebur /ˈkɒk(ə)lbɜ:/ n.  a weed of the genus Xanthium (daisy family) with fruit covered in hooked bristles 苍耳(雏菊科植物，其种子为刺果) [COCKLE2 + BUR]

cockleshell  see 见 COCKLE1 2 

cockney /ˈkɒkni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a  a native of East London, esp. one born within hearing of Bow Bells 伦敦东区佬，伦敦佬(尤指出生在伦敦旧城区内的人)b  the dialect or accent typical of this area 伦敦东区方言，伦敦东区口音 2 Austral.  a young snapper fish, Chrysophrys auratus [澳]澳洲小笛鲷 ●adj.  of or characteristic of cockneys or their dialect or accent 伦敦东区佬的；伦敦东区方言的 □ cockneyism  n.   [Middle English cokeney ‘cock's egg’, later a derogatory term for a town-dweller]

cock-of-the-rock n.  a S. American bird, a cotinga of the genus Rupicola, having bright orange or red plumage and a prominent crest 动冠伞鸟(动冠伞鸟属，产于南美洲，羽毛为鲜艳的橘红色或红色，其肉冠大而显眼)

cock-of-the-walk n.  a dominant or arrogant person 称王称霸的人；高傲自大的人

cock-of-the-wood n.  1  a capercaillie 松鸡 2 N. Amer.  a red-crested woodpecker [北美]红头啄木鸟

cockpit /ˈkɒkpit/ n.  1  a  a compartment for the pilot (or the pilot and crew) of an aircraft or spacecraft (飞机或宇宙飞船的)飞行员座舱，飞行员与机务人员座舱b  a similar compartment for the driver in a racing car (赛车的)驾驶座c  a space for the helmsman in some small yachts (小型快艇的)舵手座 2  an arena of war or other conflict 战场 3  a place where cockfights are held 斗鸡场 [originally in sense 3, from COCK1 + PIT1]

cockroach /ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ/ n.  a stout-bodied beetle-like scavenging insect of the order Dictyoptera, esp. Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, which infests kitchens, warehouses, etc. 蟑螂(一种体型似甲虫以垃圾为食的昆虫，出没于厨房、库房等地方) [Spanish cucaracha, assimilated to COCK1, ROACH1]

cockscomb /ˈkɒkskəʊm/ n.  1  the crest or comb of a cock (公鸡的)鸡冠 2  a garden plant, Celosia cristata, with a terminal plume of tiny white or red flowers 鸡冠花

cocksfoot /ˈkɒksfʊt/ n. Brit.  any pasture grass of the genus Dactylis, with broad leaves and green or purplish spikes [英]鸭茅(生长在牧草场的一种鸭茅属草本植物，阔叶，结绿或紫色草穗)

cockshy /ˈkɒkʃai/ n. (pl. -shies) Brit. [英]  1  a  a target for throwing at with sticks, stones, etc. (棍棒、石子等的)投掷靶子b  a throw at this 向靶子投掷，投靶游戏 2  an object of ridicule or criticism 讽刺(或批评)的对象

cock sparrow n.  1  a male sparrow 公麻雀 2  a lively quarrelsome person 活泼而爱争吵的人

cocksure /kɒkˈʃʊə/ adj.  1  presumptuously or arrogantly confident 自以为是的，过于自信的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of, about)  absolutely sure 有绝对把握的，坚信不疑的 □ cocksurely  adv.  □ cocksureness  n.   [cock = God + SURE, later associated with COCK1]

cocktail /ˈkɒkteil/ n.  1  a usu. alcoholic drink made by mixing various spirits, fruit juices, etc. 鸡尾酒(用几种酒加果汁等混合而成) 2  a dish of mixed ingredients 什锦菜(用混合原料做的菜)  fruit cocktail  什锦水果丁 prawn cocktail  大虾冷盘 3  any (esp. unpleasant or dangerous) mixture or concoction (尤指难闻或危险的)混合物，调制品 [origin unknown: cf. earlier sense ‘docked horse’ from COCK1: the connection is unclear]

cocktail dress n.  a usu. short evening dress suitable for wearing at a drinks party (适合于酒会上穿的)短夜礼服

cocktail stick n. Brit.  a small pointed stick for serving an olive, cherry, small sausage, etc. [英]取食签(用来挑起橄榄、樱桃、小香肠等)

cock-up n. Brit. slang  a muddle or mistake [英] [俚语]混乱；错误

cocky1 /ˈkɒki/ adj. (cockier, cockiest)  1  conceited, arrogant 自负的，高傲的 2  saucy, impudent 无礼的，放肆的 □ cockily  adv.  □ cockiness  n.   [COCK1 + -Y1]

cocky2 /ˈkɒki/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  = COCKATOO 2  [abbreviation]

cocky-leeky var.  of COCK-A-LEEKIE  COCK-A-LEEKIE 的变体

coco /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 cocoa) (pl. cocos or cocoas)  the coconut palm 椰子树 [abbreviation of COCONUT, though in earlier use as a separate word]

cocoa /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ n.  1  a powder made from crushed cacao seeds, often with other ingredients 可可粉 2  a drink made from this 可可饮料 [alteration of CACAO]

cocoa bean n.  a cacao seed 可可豆，可可子

cocoa butter n.  a fatty substance obtained from cocoa beans and used for confectionery, cosmetics, etc. 可可油(用于制造甜食、化妆品等)

coco-de-mer /ˌkəʊkəʊdəˈmɛə/ n.  a tall palm tree, Lodoicea maldivica, of the Seychelles 复椰子树(产于塞舌尔) [French, = coco from the sea: the tree was first known from nuts found floating in the sea]

coconut /ˈkəʊkənʌt/ n. (also 亦作 cocoanut)  1  a  the large ovate brown seed of a tall tropical palm, Cocos nucifera, with a fibrous husk around a hard shell lined with edible white flesh enclosing a white liquid 椰子b (in full 全称 coconut palm or tree)  the palm itself 椰子树c  the flesh of a coconut 椰子肉 2 slang  the human head [俚语]头，脑袋 [from Spanish and Portuguese coco ‘grimace’ + NUT (the base of the shell resembling a face)]

coconut butter n.  a solid fat obtained from the flesh of the coconut, and used in soap, candles, ointment, etc. 椰子油(用于制作肥皂、蜡烛、软膏等)

coconut ice n. Brit.  a sweet of sugar and desiccated coconut [英]椰子糖(用糖和椰子干制成)

coconut matting n.  a matting made of fibre from coconut husks 椰衣垫(用椰壳纤维制成)

coconut milk n.  the watery white liquid inside a coconut 椰奶

coconut palm  see 见 COCONUT 1b. 

coconut shy n. Brit.  a fairground sideshow where balls are thrown to dislodge coconuts [英] (游乐场上以椰子为靶子的)投靶游戏 [SHY2]

cocoon /kəˈku:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a silky case spun by many insect larvae for protection as pupae (昆虫的)茧，卵袋，卵囊b  a similar structure made by other animals (其他动物做的)茧状物 2  a thing that encloses like a cocoon; a protective covering, esp. to prevent corrosion of metal equipment (尤指防止金属设备腐蚀的)防护膜，防护套 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. as 通常作 cocooned adj.)  wrap (as) in a cocoon; protect, enclose 把…紧紧包住，把…密封起来 2 tr.  spray with a protective coating 喷洒(保护性涂层) 3 intr.  form a cocoon 作茧 [French cocon from modern Provençal coucoun, diminutive of coca ‘shell’]

cocotte /kɒˈkɒt/ n.  1  a heatproof dish or small casserole in which food can be both cooked and served, often as an individual portion 小烧锅，沙锅(烧菜兼上菜用，一次只能作一客菜肴的) 2 archaic  a fashionable prostitute [古义] (时髦的高级)妓女 [French]

COD abbr. [缩略]  1  a  cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付款b N. Amer.  collect on delivery [北美]货到收款 2  Concise Oxford Dictionary 《简明牛津词典》

cod1 /kɒd/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any large marine fish of the family Gadidae, esp. Gadus morrhua, an important food fish 鳕鱼(鳕科海洋动物，为重要的食用鱼) [Middle English: origin unknown]

cod2 /kɒd/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. slang [俚语]  1  a parody 滑稽的模仿 2  a hoax 恶作剧，戏弄 3 (作 attrib.)  = MOCKadj.  ●v. (codded, codding) slang or dial. [俚语] [方]  1  a intr.  perform a hoax 戏弄，恶作剧b tr.  play a trick on; fool 愚弄，哄骗 2 tr.  parody 通过模仿来嘲弄 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cod3 /kɒd/ n. Brit. slang  nonsense [英] [俚语]废话，胡说八道 [abbreviation of CODSWALLOP]

coda /ˈkəʊdə/ n.  1 Mus.  the concluding passage of a piece or movement, usu. forming an addition to the basic structure 【音】(乐曲的)尾声 2 Ballet  the concluding section of a dance 【芭蕾舞】(舞蹈的)结尾段 3  a concluding event or series of events (文学作品中一系列事件的)尾声，结局 [Italian, from Latin cauda ‘tail’]

coddle /ˈkɒd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  a  treat as an invalid; protect attentively 悉心照料；娇养，溺爱b (foll. by 后跟 up) Brit.  strengthen by feeding [英] (通过喂养)使强壮 2  cook (an egg) in water below boiling point 用文火煮(鸡蛋) □ coddler  n.   [probably dialect variant of caudle ‘invalids' gruel’]

code /kəʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols, used to represent others for secrecy or brevity 代码，代号，暗号 2  a system of pre-arranged signals, esp. used to ensure secrecy in transmitting messages 密码；电码 3 Computing  a piece of program text 【计算】编码(计算机编制程序的成套指令) 4  a  a systematic collection of statutes, a body of laws so arranged as to avoid inconsistency and overlapping 法典，法规b  a set of rules on any subject. 准则，规范 5  a  the prevailing morality of a society or class (社会或阶层的)道德标准  code of honour  行为准则b  a person's standard of moral behaviour (个人的)道德行为标准 ●v.  1 tr.  put (a message, program, etc.) into code 把…编成密码(或代码) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) Biochem.  be the genetic code for (an amino acid etc.) 【生化】(为氨基酸等)指定遗传密码 □ coder  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin CODEX]

code book n.  a list of symbols etc. used in a code 电码本，密码簿

code-breaker n.  a person who solves or breaks a code or codes 破译密码的人 □ code-breaking  n.  

codeine /ˈkəʊdi:n, -dii:n/ n.  an alkaloid derived from morphine and used to relieve pain 可待因(从吗啡中提取的一种生物碱，可用于镇痛) [Greek kōdeia ‘poppy-head’ + -INE4]

code name n. (also 亦作 code number)  a word or symbol (or number) used for secrecy or convenience instead of the usual name (为了保密或方便而使用的)代号 □ code-named  adj.  

codependency /kəʊdiˈpend(ə)nsi/ n.  mutual emotional dependency on fulfilling a supportive role in a relationship (感情等方面)相互依赖性 □ codependent  adj. & n.   [CO- + DEPENDENCY]

co-determination /ˌkəʊditɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  cooperation between management and workers in decision-taking 共同决策(指资方和工人在企业决策时的合作) [CO- + DETERMINATION, translating German Mitbestimmung]

codex /ˈkəʊdeks/ n. (pl. codices /ˈkəʊdisi:z, ˈkɒd-/ or codexes)  1  an ancient manuscript text in book form (古典书籍的)手抄本 2  a collection of pharmaceutical descriptions of drugs etc. 药典 [Latin, = block of wood, tablet, book]

codfish /ˈkɒdfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = COD1 

codger /ˈkɒdʒə/ n. (usu. in 通常用于 old codger) colloq.  a person, esp. an old or strange one [口]男人，(尤指)怪老头，老家伙 [perhaps a variant of cadger: see CADGE]

codices pl.  of CODEX  

codicil /ˈkɒdisil, ˈkəʊ-/ n.  an addition explaining, modifying, or revoking a will or part of one (立遗嘱后又进行说明、修改或撤消全部或部分内容的)遗嘱附件 □ codicillary  /kɒdiˈsiləri/ adj.   [Latin codicillus, diminutive of CODEX]

codicology /kəʊdiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of manuscripts 手稿学 □ codicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ codicologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [French codicologie from Latin codex codicis: see CODEX]

codify /ˈkəʊdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  arrange (laws etc.) systematically into a code 把(法律等)编集成典 □ codification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ codifier  n.  

codling1 /ˈkɒdliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 codlin)  1 Brit.  any of several varieties of cooking apple, having a long tapering shape [英] (烹饪用的)锥形苹果 2 (in full 全称 codling moth)  a small moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, the larva of which feeds on apples 苹果蠹蛾(实蠹蛾属昆虫，其幼虫以苹果为食) [Middle English from Anglo-French quer de lion ‘lion-heart’]

codling2 /ˈkɒdliŋ/ n.  a small codfish 幼鳕鱼

codlings-and-cream n. Brit.  the great hairy willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum [英]柳兰(多毛柳叶菜属植物)

cod liver oil n.  an oil pressed from the fresh liver of cod, which is rich in vitamins D and A 鱼肝油

codomain /ˈkəʊdə(ʊ)mein/ n. Math.  a set that includes all the possible expressions of a given function 【数】上域，变程 [CO- + DOMAIN]

codon /ˈkəʊdɒn/ n. Biochem.  a sequence of three nucleotides, forming a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule 【生化】密码子(构成一种 DNA 或 RNA 遗传密码单位的一系列 3 个核苷酸) [CODE + -ON]

codpiece /ˈkɒdpi:s/ n. hist.  an appendage like a small bag or flap at the front of a man's breeches [史义]遮阴布(男子短马裤前面的遮袋或遮盖) [Middle English, from cod ‘scrotum’ + PIECE]

co-driver /ˈkəʊdraivə/ n.  a person who shares the driving of a vehicle with another, esp. in a race, rally, etc. (尤指赛车时轮流驾车的)接替驾驶员，副驾驶员

codswallop /ˈkɒdzwɒləp/ n. esp. Brit. slang  nonsense [尤英] [俚语]胡说八道，废话 [20th c.: origin unknown]

coecilian var.  of CAECILIAN  CAECILIAN 的变体

coed /ˈkəʊed, kəʊˈed/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 Brit.  a co-educational system or institution [英]男女合校制(或学校) 2 N. Amer.  a female student at a co-educational institution [北美] (男女合校的)女生 ●adj.  co-educational 男女合校的 [abbreviation]

co-education /ˌkəʊedju:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the education of pupils of both sexes together 男女合校制教育 □ co-educational  adj.  

coefficient /kəʊiˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ n.  1 Math.  a quantity placed before and multiplying an algebraic expression (e.g. 4 in 4xy) 【数】系数(如 4xy 中的 4) 2 Physics  a multiplier or factor that measures some property 【物理学】系数  coefficient of expansion  膨胀系数 [modern Latin coefficiens (as CO-, EFFICIENT)]

coelacanth /ˈsi:ləkænθ/ n.  a large bony marine fish, Latimeria chalumnae, with a three-lobed tail-fin and fleshy pectoral fins, thought to be related to the ancestors of land vertebrates and known only from fossils until 1938 空棘鱼类的鱼，腔棘鱼类的鱼(一种矛尾鱼属海洋硬骨鱼，其尾鳍为三瓣裂叶状，胸鳍则多肉，据说与陆上脊椎动物的祖先有亲缘关系) [modern Latin Coelacanthus, from Greek koilos ‘hollow’ + akantha ‘spine’]

-coele comb. form var.  of -CELE [构词成分] -CELE 的变体

coelenterate /si:ˈlent(ə)rət/ n.  an aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Coelenterata (now usu. called Cnidaria), typically having a simple tube-shaped or cup-shaped body, and including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones 腔肠动物(腔肠动物门，现通常称刺胞亚门动物，包括水母、珊瑚和海葵) [modern Latin Coelenterata, from Greek koilos ‘hollow’ + enteron ‘intestine’]

coeliac /ˈsi:liæk/ adj. (US [美] celiac) Med.  of or affecting the abdomen 【医】腹腔的 [Latin coeliacus from Greek koiliakos, from koilia ‘belly’]

coeliac disease n.  a disease in which chronic failure to digest food is triggered by hypersensititivy of the small intestine to gluten 乳糜泻

coelom /ˈsi:ləm/ n. (US [美] celom) (pl. -oms or -omata /-ˈləʊmətə/) Zool.  the principal body cavity in animals, between the intestinal canal and the body wall 【动】(动物的)体腔 □ coelomate  adj. & n.   [Greek koilōma ‘cavity’]

coelostat /ˈsi:lə(ʊ)stæt/ n. Astron.  an instrument with a rotating mirror that continuously reflects the light from the same area of sky allowing the path of a celestial object to be monitored 【天】定天镜(观测或拍摄天体时镜面与地轴一同转动，从而使图像固定不动) [Latin caelum ‘sky’ + -STAT]

coenobite /ˈsi:nəbait/ n. (US [美] cenobite)  a member of a monastic community (修道院的)住院修士 □ coenobitic  /-ˈbitik/ adj.  □ coenobitical  /-ˈbitik(ə)l/ adj.   [Old French cenobite or ecclesiastical Latin coenobita via Late Latin coenobium from Greek koinobion ‘convent’, from koinos ‘common’ + bios ‘life’]

coenzyme /ˈkəʊenzaim/ n. Biochem.  a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme 【生化】辅酶(酶发生作用所必需的一种非蛋白质化合物)

coenzyme A n.  a coenzyme derived from pantothenic acid, important in many biochemical reactions esp. respiration 辅酶 A(一种源自于泛酸的辅酶，在许多生化反应中、尤其在呼吸作用中不可缺少)

co-equal /kəʊˈi:kw(ə)l/ adj. & n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语] ●adj.  equal with one another 相等的，同等的 ●n.  an equal 同等的人(或物) □ co-equality  /kəʊiˈkwɒliti/ n.  □ co-equally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin or ecclesiastical Latin coaequalis (as CO-, EQUAL)]

coerce /kəʊˈɜ:s/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  persuade or restrain (an unwilling person) by force 强迫，迫使；抑制，压制  coerced you into signing  强迫你签字 □ coercible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin coercēre ‘restrain’ (as CO-, arcēre ‘restrain’)]

coercion /kəʊˈɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of coercing 强制，压制 2  government by force 高压统治 □ coercive  adj.  □ coercively  adv.  □ coerciveness  n.   [Old French cohercion, -tion from Latin coer(c)tio, coercitio -onis (as COERCE)]

coercivity /kəʊəˈsiviti/ n. Physics  the resistance of a magnetic material to changes in magnetization, esp. measured as the field intensity necessary to demagnetize it when fully magnetized 【物理学】矫顽磁力，矫顽磁性

coeval /kəʊˈi:v(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having the same age or date of origin 同年龄的；同年代的 2  living or existing at the same epoch 同时代的，同时期的 3  having the same duration 同样持久的 ●n.  a coeval person, a contemporary 同时代的人 □ coevality  /-ˈvæliti/ n.  □ coevally  adv.   [Late Latin coaevus (as CO-, Latin aevum ‘age’)]

coexist /kəʊiɡˈzist/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  exist together (in time or place) (同时或同地)共存，共处 2 (esp. of nations) exist in mutual tolerance though professing different ideologies etc. (尤指意识形态等不同的国家)和平共处 □ coexistence  n.  □ coexistent  adj.   [Late Latin coexistere (as CO-, EXIST)]

coextensive /kəʊikˈstensiv/ adj.  extending over the same space or time 同等扩张(或延伸)的，(时空)共同的

C. of E. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Church of England 

coffee /ˈkɒfi/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a drink made from the roasted and ground beanlike seeds of a tropical shrub of the genus Coffea 咖啡，咖啡饮料b  a cup of this 一杯咖啡 2  a  the shrub yielding these seeds, one or more of which are contained in each berry 咖啡树b  these seeds raw, or roasted and ground 咖啡豆 3  a pale brown colour, as of coffee mixed with milk 咖啡色 ●adj.  light brown 咖啡色的 [ultimately from Turkish kahveh from Arabic ḳahwa]

coffee bar n.  a bar or café serving coffee and light refreshments from a counter 咖啡馆

coffee bean n.  the beanlike seeds of the coffee shrub 咖啡豆

coffee cup n.  a small cup for serving coffee 咖啡杯

coffee essence n. Brit.  a concentrated extract of coffee usu. containing chicory [英]咖啡精

coffee grinder n.  a small machine for grinding roasted coffee beans 咖啡豆研磨机

coffee house n.  a place serving coffee and other refreshments 咖啡馆

coffee-maker n.  = PERCOLATOR 

coffee mill n.  = COFFEE GRINDER 

coffee morning n. Brit.  a morning gathering at which coffee is served, often in aid of charity [英] (常指为慈善募款而举行的)咖啡早茶会

coffee nibs n. Brit.  coffee beans removed from their shells [英] (从豆荚中剥出的)咖啡豆

coffee shop n.  a small informal restaurant, esp. in a hotel or department store (尤指旅馆或商场中不正式的)小吃部，小饭馆

coffee table n.  a small low table 咖啡茶几，矮茶几

coffee-table book n.  a large lavishly illustrated book 精装大开本画册(多在咖啡茶几上作摆设用)

coffer /ˈkɒfə/ n.  1  a box, esp. a large strongbox for valuables (尤指装贵重物品的大而结实的)箱子，柜子；保险箱 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a treasury or store of funds 金库；资金 3  a sunken panel in a ceiling etc. (天花板等上凹陷的)花格镶板 □ coffered  adj.   [Middle English via Old French coffre and Latin cophinus from Greek kophinos ‘basket’]

coffer-dam n.  a watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit work below the waterline on building bridges etc., or for repairing a ship (修桥或修理船只时围起的)围堰

coffin /ˈkɒfin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow usu. wooden box in which a corpse is buried or cremated 棺材，灵柩 2  the part of a horse's hoof below the coronet (马的)蹄槽 ●v. tr. (coffined, coffining)  put in a coffin 把…装入棺材 [Middle English via Old French cof(f)in ‘little basket’ etc. from Latin cophinus: see COFFER]

coffin-bone n.  a bone in a horse's hoof (马的)蹄骨

coffin corner n. Amer. Football  the corner formed by the goal line and sideline 【美式橄榄球】(球场上球门线与边线之间的)死角

coffin-joint n.  the joint at the top of a horse's hoof (马的)蹄关节

coffin-nail n. slang  a cigarette [俚语]香烟

coffle /ˈkɒf(ə)l/ n.  a line of animals, slaves, etc., fastened together (拴在一起的)一队动物(或奴隶等) [Arabic ḳɑˉfila ‘caravan’]

cog /kɒɡ/ n.  1  each of a series of projections on the edge of a wheel or bar transferring motion by engaging with another series (齿轮的)轮齿，轮牙；(传递运动的)连杆 2  an unimportant member of an organization etc. (团体等中)不重要但不可少的成员 □ cogged  adj.   [Middle English: probably of Scandinavian origin]

cogent /ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt/ adj. (of arguments, reasons, etc.) convincing, compelling (论点、推理等)有说服力的，令人信服的 □ cogency  n.  切题，中肯；说服力□ cogently  adv.   [Latin cogere ‘compel’ (as CO-, agere act- ‘drive’)]

cogitable /ˈkɒdʒitəb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be grasped by the mind; conceivable 可思考的，可想像的 [Latin cogitabilis (as COGITATE)]

cogitate /ˈkɒdʒiteit/ v. tr. & intr.  ponder, meditate 仔细思考，反复考虑；沉思 □ cogitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cogitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ cogitator  n.   [Latin cogitare ‘think’ (as CO-, AGITATE)]

cogito /ˈkəʊɡitəʊ, -dʒi-/ n. Philos.  the principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of its thinking or awareness 【哲】我思(法国哲学家笛卡尔“我思故我在”论点的简称) [Latin, = I think, in the French philosopher Descartes's formula (1641) cogito, ergo sum ‘I think, therefore I am’]

cognac /ˈkɒnjæk/ n.  a high-quality brandy, properly that distilled in Cognac in western France 科涅克上等白兰地(产于法国西部的科涅克一带)

cognate /ˈkɒɡneit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  related to or descended from a common ancestor (cf. 参见 AGNATE adj. 1) 同宗的，同族的，有亲属关系的 2 Philol. (of a word) having the same linguistic family or derivation (as another); representing the same original word or root (e.g. English father, German Vater, Latin pater) 【语文】(指单词)同源的，同根的(如英语的 father, 德语的 Vater 和拉丁语的 pater 是同源词) ●n.  1  a relative 亲属，亲戚 2 Philol.  a cognate word 【语文】同源词，同根词 □ cognately  adv.  □ cognateness  n.   [Latin cognatus (as CO-, natus ‘born’)]

cognate object n. Gram.  an object that is related in origin and sense to the verb governing it (as in live a good life) 【语法】同源宾语(如在 live a good life 短语中， life 是 live 的同源宾语)

cognition /kɒɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Philos.  knowing, perceiving, or conceiving as an act or faculty distinct from emotion and volition 【哲】(与情绪、意志等相对而言的)认识，认知行为；认知能力 2  a result of this; a perception, sensation, notion, or intuition 认识的结果；感知，感觉；概念；直觉 □ cognitional  adj.  □ cognitive  /ˈkɒɡnitiv/ adj.  □ cognitively  /ˈkɒɡnitivli/ adv.   [Latin cognitio (as CO-, gnoscere gnit- ‘apprehend’)]

cognitivist /ˈkɒɡnitivist/ adj.  tending to emphasize the similarities between linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge (倾向于)强调语言学与非语言学知识相似性的 □ cognitivism  n.   [COGNITIVE (see COGNITION) + -IST]

cognizable /ˈkɒ(ɡ)nizəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 -isable)  1  perceptible, recognizable; clearly identifiable 可感知的，可认知的 2  within the jurisdiction of a court 在法院审判权限内的，可受理的 □ cognizably  adv.   [COGNIZANCE + -ABLE]

cognizance /ˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 cognisance /-z(ə)ns/)  1  knowledge or awareness; perception, notice 认识；察觉；感知；注意 2  the sphere of one's observation or concern 观察范围；认识范围 3 Law  the right of a court to deal with a matter 【法律】审判权 4 Heraldry  a distinctive device or mark 【纹章学】识别标志，徽号 □ have cognizance of   know, esp. officially (尤指通过官方途径)获知□ take cognizance of   attend to; take account of 注意到；考虑到；受理 [Middle English from Old French conoisance, ultimately from Latin cognoscent- from cognitio: see COGNITION]

cognizant /ˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 cognisant /-z(ə)nt/) (foll. by 后跟 of)  having knowledge or being aware of 认识到的，察知的

cognomen /kɒɡˈnəʊmən/ n.  1  a nickname 别名，绰号 2  an ancient Roman's personal name or epithet, as in Marcus Tullius Cicero, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (古罗马人的)姓氏，第三名字(如 Marcus Tullius Cicero 中的 Cicero, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus 中的 Africanus) [Latin (as CO-, (g)nomen ‘name’)]

cognoscente /kɒnjəˈʃenti/ n. (pl. cognoscenti /-ti/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a connoisseur 博学者(尤指艺术等方面的专门家、行家或鉴赏家) [Italian, literally ‘a person who knows’]

cogwheel /ˈkɒɡwi:l/ n.  a wheel with cogs 嵌齿轮，钝齿轮

cohabit /kəʊˈhæbit/ v. intr. (cohabited, cohabiting)  live together, esp. as husband and wife without being married to one another (尤指未婚)同居；姘居 □ cohabitant  n.  □ cohabitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cohabitee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ cohabiter  n.   [Latin cohabitare (as CO-, habitare ‘dwell’)]

cohere /kə(ʊ)ˈhiə/ v. intr.  1 (of parts or a whole) stick together, remain united (指部分或整体)黏合，连结，凝聚 2 (of reasoning etc.) be logical or consistent (指推理等)合乎逻辑，连贯，前后一致 [Latin cohaerēre cohaes- (as CO-, haerēre ‘stick’)]

coherent /kə(ʊ)ˈhiər(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a person) able to speak intelligibly and articulately (指人)说话条理清楚的，连贯的 2 (of speech, an argument, etc.) logical and consistent; easily followed (指演讲、论点等)合乎逻辑的，前后一致的，易懂的 3  cohering; sticking together 有黏性的，黏在一起的 4 Physics (of waves) having a constant phase relationship 【物理学】(波等)相干的，相参的 □ coherence  n.  □ coherency  n.  □ coherently  adv.   [Latin cohaerēre cohaerent- (as COHERE)]

cohesion /kə(ʊ)ˈhi:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or condition of sticking together 黏合，结合b  a tendency to cohere 黏合性，聚合性 2 Physics  the sticking together of molecules of the same substance 【物理学】(相同物质分子的)内聚性，内聚力 □ cohesive  /-siv/ adj.  □ cohesively  /-sivli/ adv.  □ cohesiveness  /-sivnis/ n.   [Latin cohaes- (see COHERE), on the pattern of adhesion]

coho /ˈkəʊhəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 cohoe) (pl. -os or -oes)  a silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, of the N. Pacific 银大麻哈鱼，银鳟(一种较小的鲑科鱼，产于北太平洋) [19th c.: origin unknown]

cohort /ˈkəʊhɔ:t/ n.  1  an ancient Roman military unit, equal to one-tenth of a legion (古罗马)步兵大队(等于一个军团的 1/10) 2  a band of warriors 一队武士(士兵) 3  a  persons banded or grouped together, esp. in a common cause (尤指共同参与某事业的)一帮人，一伙人b  a group of persons with a common statistical characteristic (从统计学角度看)有共同属性的一组人 4 N. Amer.  a companion or colleague [北美]伙伴，同事 [Middle English from French cohorte or Latin cohors cohort- ‘enclosure, company’]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 4 of cohort, though quite common, especially in North American English, is criticized by many people and should be avoided. cohort 词条的释义 4 使用得虽然很普遍(尤其是在美国英语中)，但该用法却受到许多人的批评，故应尽量避免使用。 

COHSE /ˈkəʊzi/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) Confederation of Health Service Employees, merged with NALGO and NUPE in 1993 to form UNISON [缩略] [史义] (英国)医疗服务雇员联盟 (1993 年与 NALGO 和 NUPE 合并组建了 UNISON)

COI abbr. (in the UK) Central Office of Information [缩略] (英国)中央新闻署

coif /kɔif/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close-fitting cap, now esp. as worn by nuns under a veil 紧箍着头的帽子，(现尤指修女戴在头巾下的)贴头帽 2 esp. N. Amer.  a coiffure, esp. an elaborate one [尤北美] (尤指复杂精美的)发式，发型 3 hist.  a protective metal skullcap worn under armour [史义] (士兵戴在头盔里的)铁皮防护帽 ●v. tr. (coiffed, coiffing; US also [美亦] coifed, coifing)  1  a  dress or arrange (the hair) 做发型；梳头b  arrange the hair of (a person) 给…做发型 2  cover with or as if with a coif 给…戴贴头帽 [Middle English via Old French coife from Late Latin cofia ‘helmet’]

coiffeur /kwɑ:ˈfɜ:, kwɒ-/ n. (fem. coiffeuse /-ˈfɜ:z/)  a hairdresser (尤指为女子做头发的)男理发师 [French]

coiffure /kwɑ:ˈfjʊə, kwɒ-/ n.  the way hair is arranged; a hairstyle 发式，发型 □ coiffured  adj.   [French]

coign /kɔin/ n.   □ coign of vantage   a favourable position for observation or action (观察或行动的)有利位置，有利角度 [earlier spelling of COIN in the sense ‘cornerstone’]

coil1 /kɔil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  anything arranged in a joined sequence of concentric circles 卷，圈，匝 2  a length of rope, a spring, etc., arranged in this way (绳、弹簧等)螺旋圈 3  a single turn of something coiled, e.g. a snake 一圈，一卷，一匝(如蛇) 4  a lock of hair twisted and coiled (头发的一个)卷 5  an intrauterine contraceptive device in the form of a coil 子宫节育环 6 Electr.  a device consisting of a coiled wire for converting low voltage to high voltage, esp. for transmission to the sparking plugs of an internal-combustion engine 【电】(尤指传输到内燃机火花塞的)感应线圈 7  a piece of wire, piping, etc., wound in circles or spirals (盘绕的)电线；盘管 8  a roll of postage stamps 成卷发行的邮票 ●v.  1 tr.  arrange in a series of concentric loops or rings 卷，盘绕 2 tr. & intr.  twist or be twisted into a circular or spiral shape 盘绕，盘成环(或螺旋形) 3 intr.  move sinuously 蜿蜒 [Old French coillir from Latin colligere COLLECT1]

coil2 /kɔil/ n.   □ this mortal coil   the bustle or turmoil of earthly life (with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet III. i. 67) 尘世的烦恼(源于莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的独白) [16th c.: origin unknown]

coin /kɔin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of flat usu. round metal stamped and issued by authority as money 硬币，钱币 2 (collect. 集合名词)  metal money 金属货币 ●v. tr.  1  make (coins) by stamping 铸币 2  make (metal) into coins 把(金属)铸成硬币 3  invent or devise (esp. a new word or phrase) 发明；创造；杜撰(尤指新词或短语) □ coin money (or coin it, coin it in)   make much money quickly 暴富，发横财□ to coin a phrase  iron.  introducing a banal remark or cliché [讽]套用一种陈词滥调 [Middle English from Old French, = stamping-die, from Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

coinage /ˈkɔinidʒ/ n.  1  the act or process of coining 铸币，造币 2  a  coins collectively (总称)硬币b  a system or type of coins in use 硬币币制  decimal coinage  十进位硬币币制 bronze coinage  青铜钱币 3  an invention, esp. of a new word or phrase (尤指新词或短语的)创造，杜撰 [Middle English from Old French coigniage]

coin box n.  1 Brit.  a telephone operated by inserting coins [英]投币电话 2  the receptacle for these (自动电话的)投币盒

coincide /kəʊinˈsaid/ v. intr.  1  occur at or during the same time 同时发生 2  occupy the same portion of space 位置重合，同位，重叠 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be in agreement; have the same view 相符，相一致；持相同观点 [medieval Latin coincidere (as CO-, INCIDENT)]

coincidence /kəʊˈinsid(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  occurring or being together 同时发生，共同存在b  an instance of this 共存的事例 2  a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection (事件、情况等)巧合，巧事 3 Physics  the presence of ionizing particles etc. in two or more detectors simultaneously, or of two or more signals simultaneously in a circuit 【物理学】符合，重合(指两个或多个传感器中同时存在电离粒子或一个电路中同时存在两个或多个信号) [medieval Latin coincidentia (as COINCIDE)]

coincident /kəʊˈinsid(ə)nt/ adj.  1  occurring together in space or time 同时发生的；位置重合的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  in agreement; harmonious 相符的，一致的 □ coincidently  adv.  

coincidental /kəʊinsiˈdent(ə)l/ adj.  1  in the nature of or resulting from a coincidence 巧合的，碰巧的 2  happening or existing at the same time 同时发生的，同时存在的 □ coincidentally  adv.  

coiner /ˈkɔinə/ n.  1  a person who coins money, esp. Brit. the maker of counterfeit coin 铸币者；[尤英]伪造硬币者 2  a person who invents or devises something (esp. a new word or phrase) 发明者，创造者(尤指创造新词语)

coin-op n.  a launderette etc. with automatic machines operated by inserting coins (装有投币洗衣机的)自助洗衣店

Cointreau /ˈkwɑ:ntrəʊ/ n. propr.  a colourless orange-flavoured liqueur [商标]橘味白酒(源于商标名) [French]

coir /ˈkɔiə/ n.  fibre from the outer husk of the coconut, used for ropes, matting, in potting compost, etc. 椰壳粗纤维(用于编制绳、垫子或作盆栽用土等) [Malayalam kɑˉyar ‘cord’ from kɑˉyaru ‘be twisted’]

coition /kəʊˈiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med. 【医】  = COITUS  [Latin coitio from coire coit- ‘go together’]

coitus /ˈkəʊitəs/ n. Med.  sexual intercourse 【医】性交 □ coital  adj.  (有关)性交的 [Latin (as COITION)]

coitus interruptus /intəˈrʌptəs/ n.  sexual intercourse in which the penis is withdrawn before ejaculation 不完全性交，中断性交(指在射精前将阴茎抽出的性交)

Coke /kəʊk/ n. propr.  Coca-Cola [商标]可口可乐 [abbreviation]

coke1 /kəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid substance left after the gases have been extracted from coal 焦，焦炭 2  a residue left after the incomplete combustion of petrol etc. (汽油等未完全燃烧剩下的)残留物 ●v. tr.  convert (coal) into coke 使(煤)焦化，把(煤)炼成焦炭 [probably from northern English dialect colk ‘core’, of unknown origin]

coke2 /kəʊk/ n. slang  cocaine [俚语]可卡因 [abbreviation]

Col. abbr. [缩略]  1  Colonel  2  Colossians (New Testament) 《歌罗西书》(《圣经·新约》中的一卷)

col /kɒl/ n.  1  a depression in the summit-line of a chain of mountains, generally affording a pass from one slope to another 山口，山坳 2 Meteorol.  a low-pressure region between anticyclones 【气】鞍形区，鞍形点，中性点(天气图气压型中两槽两楔交错排列的地点) [French, = neck, from Latin collum]

col- /kɒl, kəl/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before l (在字母 l 前) COM- 的同化形式

col. abbr. [缩略]  column 

cola /ˈkəʊlə/ n. (also 亦作 kola)  1  any small tree of the genus Cola, native to W. Africa, bearing seeds containing caffeine 可乐果树(产于西部非洲) 2  a carbonated drink usu. flavoured with these seeds 可乐(通常含有可乐果籽味道的碳酸化饮料) [Temne (a language of Sierra Leone)]

colander /ˈkʌləndə/ n.  a perforated vessel used to strain off liquid in cookery (厨房里使用的)滤盆，滤锅；漏勺 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin colare ‘strain’]

cola nut n.  a seed of the cola tree 可乐果籽

co-latitude /kəʊˈlætitju:d/ n. Astron.  the complement of the latitude, the difference between it and 90° 【天】余纬(度)

colchicine /ˈkɒltʃisi:n, ˈkɒlk-/ n.  a yellow alkaloid obtained from colchicum, used in the treatment of gout 秋水仙碱，秋水仙素(从秋水仙中制取，用于治疗痛风症)

colchicum /ˈkɒltʃikəm, ˈkɒlk-/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Colchicum (lily family), esp. meadow saffron 秋水仙(百合科植物，尤指藏红花) 2  its dried corm or seed 秋水仙种子(或球茎) [Latin from Greek kolkhikon ‘of Kolkhis’, a region east of the Black Sea]

cold /kəʊld/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or at a low or relatively low temperature, esp. when compared with the human body (尤指相对于人的体温)冷的，寒冷的 2  not heated; cooled after being heated 未加热的；加热后变凉的 3 (of a person) feeling cold (指人)感觉冷的 4  lacking ardour, friendliness, or affection; undemonstrative, apathetic 冷淡的，不热情的，不友好的；无感情的，感情不外露的 5  depressing, dispiriting, uninteresting 令人沮丧的；气馁的，无趣味的  cold facts  残酷的事实 6  a  dead 死的b colloq.  unconscious [口]失去知觉的 7 colloq.  at one's mercy [口]任凭…摆布的，完全受…支配的  had me cold  把我牢牢地控制了起来 8  sexually frigid 缺乏性欲的，性冷淡的 9 (of soil) slow to absorb heat (指土壤)吸热慢的 10 (of a scent in hunting) having become weak (指打猎中的臭迹)隐淡的 11 (in children's games) far from finding or guessing what is sought (儿童游戏中)远离目标的，远未猜中的 12  without preparation or rehearsal 无准备的，事先未练习的 ●n.  1  a  the prevalence of a low temperature, esp. in the atmosphere (尤指大气层)冷，寒冷b  cold weather; a cold environment 冷天气，冷环境  went out into the cold  到寒冷的室外去 2  an infection in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat becomes inflamed, causing running at the nose, sneezing, sore throat, etc. 感冒，伤风 ●adv.  1  unrehearsed, without preparation 无准备地，未经热身地 2 esp. US slang  completely, entirely [尤美] [俚语]完全地，彻底地  was stopped cold mid-sentence  说半句话就被叫停了 □ catch a cold   1  become infected with a cold 患感冒 2  encounter trouble or difficulties 遇到麻烦(或困难)□ cold call   sell goods or services by making unsolicited calls on prospective customers by telephone or in person (未经请求便打电话或登门)推销□ in cold blood   without feeling or passion; deliberately, ruthlessly 蓄意地；无感情地；残忍地□ out in the cold   ignored, neglected 被忽视，被冷落□ throw (or pour) cold water on   be discouraging or depreciatory about 泼冷水，使泄气□ coldish  adj.  微冷的，有点冷的□ coldly  adv.  □ coldness  n.   [Old English cald from Germanic, related to Latin gelu ‘frost’]

cold-blooded adj.  1  having a body temperature varying with that of the environment (e.g. of fish); poikilothermic 冷血的(指血液温度随环境温度的高低而改变，比如鱼) 2  callous; deliberately cruel 无情的，残酷的 □ cold-bloodedly  adv.  □ cold-bloodedness  n.  

cold cathode n.  a cathode that emits electrons without being heated 冷阴极

cold chisel n.  a chisel suitable for cutting metal (凿冷金属用的)冷凿，冷錾

cold comfort n.  poor or inadequate consolation 不起作用的安慰

cold cream n.  ointment for cleansing and softening the skin 冷霜，润肤膏

cold cuts n. pl.  slices of cold cooked meats (冷吃的)熟肉片，冷切肉

cold feet n. pl. colloq.  loss of nerve or confidence [口]害怕，胆怯；信心丧失

cold frame n.  an unheated frame with a glass top for growing small plants (种植幼小植物的)冷床，阳畦

cold front n.  the forward edge of an advancing mass of cold air (寒气流的)冷锋

cold-hearted adj.  lacking affection or warmth; unfriendly 冷淡的，无同情心的；不友好的 □ cold-heartedly  adv.  □ cold-heartedness  n.  

cold-short adj. (of a metal) brittle in its cold state (指金属)冷脆的 [Swedish kallskör, from kall ‘cold’ + skör ‘brittle’: assimilated to SHORT]

cold shoulder n. & v. ●n.  a show of intentional unfriendliness 冷淡，冷落 ●v. tr. (作 cold-shoulder)  be deliberately unfriendly to 冷待，冷落

cold snap  see 见 SNAP n. 4 

cold sore n.  inflammation and blisters in and around the mouth, caused by infection with herpes simplex virus (伤风、发烧时出现的)唇疮疹，嘴边疱疹

cold start n. & v. ●n.  1  the starting of an engine or machine at the ambient temperature (发动机或机器)冷启动 2  the starting of a process, enterprise, etc. without prior preparation (在无事先准备的情况下)创办事业(或企业等) ●v. tr. (作 cold-start)  start something at the ambient temperature or without prior preparation 冷启动；(在无事先准备的情况下)创办事业(或企业)

cold steel n.  cutting or thrusting weapons (刀剑等)利器

cold storage n.  1  storage in a refrigerator or other cold place for preservation 冷藏 2  a state in which something (esp. an idea) is put aside temporarily (尤指想法)搁置起来

cold store n.  a large refrigerated room for preserving usu. commercial food stocks at very low temperatures (通常指商业食品的)冷藏库

cold sweat n.  a state of sweating induced by fear or illness (由惊恐或疾病引起的)冷汗

cold table n. Brit.  a selection of dishes of cold food [英]精选冷盘食品

cold turkey n. slang [俚语]  1  abrupt withdrawal from addictive drugs; the symptoms of this 突然停止服用毒品；戒毒的症状 2 US  blunt statements or blunt treatment [美]直截了当的话；直截了当的处理

cold war n.  a state of hostility between nations without actual fighting 冷战(指国家之间没有实际战争的敌对状态)

cold wave n.  1  a temporary spell of cold weather over a wide area 寒潮 2  a kind of permanent wave for the hair using chemicals and without heat (用化学方法)冷烫的发卷

cole /kəʊl/ n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1  cabbage 卷心菜，海甘蓝 2  = RAPE2  [Middle English via Old Norse kɑˊl from Latin caulis ‘stem, cabbage’]

colemouse var.  of COALMOUSE  COALMOUSE 的变体

coleopteran /kɒliˈɒpt(ə)r(ə)n/ n.  any insect of the order Coleoptera, comprising the beetles and weevils, which have the forewings modified into sheaths to protect the hindwings, and biting mouthparts 鞘翅目昆虫(包括甲虫和象鼻虫，其前翅为鞘状，对后翅起到保护作用，其口器能咬断食物) □ coleopterist  n.  □ coleopterous  adj.   [modern Latin Coleoptera from Greek koleopteros, from koleon ‘sheath’ + pteron ‘wing’]

coleoptile /kɒliˈɒptail/ n. Bot.  a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in grasses 【植】胚芽鞘 [Greek koleon ‘sheath’ + ptilon ‘feather’]

coleseed /ˈkəʊlsi:d/ n.  = COLE 2 

coleslaw /ˈkəʊlslɔ:/ n.  a dressed salad of sliced raw cabbage, carrot, onion, etc. 凉拌卷心菜丝(用卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱等加佐料拌制的一种生菜) [Dutch koolsla: see COLE, SLAW]

cole tit var.  of COAL TIT  COAL TIT 的变体

coleus /ˈkəʊliəs/ n.  a plant of the genus Solenostemon (formerly Coleus), having variegated coloured leaves 锦紫苏(鞘蕊花属植物，其叶上有斑驳的色彩) [modern Latin from Greek koleon ‘sheath’: from the way the stamens are joined together]

coley /ˈkəʊli/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. [英]  = SAITHE  [perhaps from COALFISH]

colic /ˈkɒlik/ n.  a severe spasmodic abdominal pain 绞痛，急腹痛 □ colicky  adj.   [Middle English via French colique from Late Latin colicus: see COLON2]

Colin /ˈkɒlin/   科林 [人名]

coliseum /kɒliˈsi:əm/ n. (also 亦作 colosseum /kɒlə-/)  a large stadium or amphitheatre 大型体育场，大型露天剧场 [medieval Latin, neut. of colosseus ‘gigantic’ (as COLOSSUS)]■Usage 用法说明 Coliseum most commonly occurs in titles of buildings etc., and therefore with a capital initial. The name of the amphitheatre in Rome is spelt Colosseum while the names of these buildings in other countries are usually spelt Coliseum. coliseum 最常用于建筑物的名称，因而词首字母要大写。罗马的圆形露天剧场拼写为 Colosseum ，而其他国家的露天剧场则通常拼写为 Coliseum 。 

colitis /kəˈlaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the lining of the colon 【医】结肠炎

Coll. abbr. [缩略]  College 

collaborate /kəˈlæbəreit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  work jointly, esp. in a literary or artistic production (尤指在文学或艺术创作方面)合作，协作 2  cooperate traitorously with an enemy 通敌，(与敌人)勾结 □ collaboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ collaborationist  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)nist/ n. & adj.  通敌者(的)，与敌人合作者(的)□ collaborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  合作的，协作的；协力完成的□ collaboratively  /-rətivli/ adv.  □ collaborator  n.   [Latin collaborare collaborat- (as COM-, laborare ‘work’)]

collage /kɒˈlɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a form of art in which various materials (e.g. photographs, pieces of paper, fabric, or wood) are arranged and glued to a backing (把照片碎片、碎纸片、布片或木片等粘贴成画的)拼贴艺术 2  a work of art done in this way 拼贴画 3  a collection of unrelated things (互不相干事物的)大杂烩 □ collagist  n.   [French, = gluing]

collagen /ˈkɒlədʒ(ə)n/ n. Biochem.  the main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatin on boiling 【生化】胶原蛋白，生胶质 [French collagène, from Greek kolla ‘glue’ + -gène = -GEN]

collapsar /kəˈlæpsɑ:/ n. Astron.  an old star that has collapsed under its own gravity to form a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole 【天】坍缩星，黑洞

collapse /kəˈlæps/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the tumbling down or falling in of a structure; folding up; giving way 倒塌，坍塌；折叠；倒下 2  a sudden failure of a plan, undertaking, etc. (计划、事业等)突然失败 3  a physical or mental breakdown (身体或精神)垮掉，崩溃 ●v.  1  a intr.  undergo or experience a collapse 倒塌，坍塌b tr.  cause to collapse 使倒塌，使坍塌 2 intr. colloq.  lie or sit down and relax, esp. after prolonged effort [口] (尤指因精疲力尽而)瘫倒，倒下  collapsed into a chair  瘫倒在椅子上 3  a intr. (of furniture etc.) be foldable into a small space (家具等)折叠起来，套缩起来b tr.  fold (furniture) in this way 折叠(家具)，套缩(家具) □ collapsible  adj.  □ collapsibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin collapsus, past part. of collabi (as COM-, labi ‘slip’)]

collar /ˈkɒlə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the part of a shirt, dress, coat, etc., that goes round the neck, either upright or turned over 衣领，领子 2  a band of linen, lace, etc., completing the upper part of a garment 领圈 3  a band of leather or other material put round an animal's (esp. a dog's) neck (尤指狗的)颈圈 4  a restraining or connecting band, ring, or pipe in machinery (机器上用来固定或连接的)卡圈，箍，套管 5  a coloured marking resembling a collar round the neck of a bird or animal (鸟或动物颈部似衣领的)彩色斑纹 6 Brit.  a piece of meat rolled up and tied [英]肉卷 ●v. tr.  1  seize (a person) by the collar or neck 抓住(某人)的领口(或颈项) 2  capture, apprehend 理解；听懂 3 colloq.  accost [口]强留(某人)谈话，和…搭讪 4 slang  take, esp. illicitly [俚语]未经允许拿走(某物)；挪用 □ collared  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ collarless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French coler, Old French colier, from Latin collare, from collum ‘neck’]

collar-beam n.  a horizontal beam connecting two rafters and forming with them an A-shaped roof-truss 系梁(与两根椽木连接构成一个 A 字形桁架)

collarbone /ˈkɒləbəʊn/ n.  either of two bones joining the breastbone and the shoulder blades Also called 亦称作 clavicle 锁骨

collard /ˈkɒləd/ n. (also 亦作 collards, collard greens) N. Amer. & Brit. dial.  a variety of cabbage without a distinct heart [北美英] [方]羽衣甘蓝 [reduced form of colewort, from COLE + WORT]

collared dove n.  a dove, Streptopelia decaocto, having distinct neck-markings 灰斑鸠(其颈部有明显的斑纹)

collate /kɒˈleit/ v. tr.  1  analyse and compare (texts, statements, etc.) to identify points of agreement and difference 核对，校对(书、底稿等) 2  verify the order of (sheets of a book) by their signatures (装订前)检点，整理(印张) 3  assemble (information) from different sources 收集(不同来源的信息资料) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Eccl.  appoint (a clergyman) to a benefice 【教会】委任(牧师)职务 □ collator  n.   [Latin collat-, past part. stem of conferre ‘compare’]

collateral /kɒˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  security pledged as a guarantee for repayment of a loan (贷款时的)抵押物，担保品 2  a person having the same descent as another but by a different line 旁系亲属，旁系血亲 ●adj.  1  descended from the same stock but by a different line 旁系的 2  side by side; parallel 并行的，平行的 3  a  additional but subordinate 附属的，附带的b  contributory 贡献的，起一份作用的c  connected but aside from the main subject, course, etc. 间接的，伴随的 □ collaterality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ collaterally  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin collateralis (as COM-, LATERAL)]

collateral damage n.  destruction or injury beyond that intended or expected, esp. in the vicinity of a military target (尤指在军事目标周围的)连带破坏，连带伤害

collateralize /kɒˈlæt(ə)r(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  secure (a loan, bonds, etc.) with collateral 以抵押品担保(贷款)

collation /kɒˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of collating 核对，校对 2  a RC Ch.  a light meal allowed during a fast 【天主教】(代替中、晚餐的)斋日点心b  a light informal meal 小吃 [Middle English from Old French from Latin collatio -onis (see COLLATE): sense 2a from Cassian's Collationes Patrum (= Lives of the Fathers) read by Benedictines and followed by a light meal]

colleague /ˈkɒli:ɡ/ n.  a fellow official or worker, esp. in a profession or business 同事；同僚 [French collègue from Latin collega (as COM-, legare ‘depute’)]

collect1 /kəˈlekt/ v., adj. & adv. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come together; assemble, accumulate 收集，采集；聚集；积累 2 tr.  systematically seek and acquire (books, stamps, etc.), esp. as a continuing hobby (尤指作为持久癖好而系统地)搜集，收藏(书籍、邮票等) 3  a tr.  obtain (taxes, contributions, etc.) from a number of people 征收(税款)；募集(捐款)b intr. colloq.  receive money [口]领取(救济金等) 4 tr.  call for; fetch 去取，拿走，收走  went to collect the laundry  去取送洗的衣服 5  a refl.  regain control of oneself esp. after a shock (尤指震惊后)使(自己)镇定下来b tr.  concentrate (one's energies, thoughts, etc.) 使(精力、思想等)集中c tr. (as 作 collected adj.)  calm and cool; not perturbed or distracted 冷静的，镇定的，泰然自若的 6 tr.  infer, gather, conclude 推断，猜测，做出结论 ●adj. & adv. N. Amer.  to be paid for by the receiver (of a telephone call, parcel, etc.) [北美] (电话)由受话人付费(的)；(包裹等)由收件人付费(的) □ collectedly  adv.   [French collecter or medieval Latin collectare from Latin collectus, past part. of colligere (as COM-, legere ‘pick’)]

collect2 /ˈkɒlekt, -likt/ n.  a short prayer of the Anglican and Roman Catholic Church, esp. one assigned to a particular day or season (基督教圣公会或天主教在特定日期或时节使用的)短祷文 [Middle English via Old French collecte from Latin collecta ‘gathering’, fem. past part. of colligere: see COLLECT1]

collectable /kəˈlektəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 collectible) ●adj.  1  worth collecting 值得收集的；值得收藏的 2  able to be collected 可收集的；可收藏的 ●n.  an item sought by collectors 收藏品 □ collectability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

collection /kəˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of collecting or being collected 收集，收藏 2  a group of things collected together (e.g. works of art, literary items, or specimens), esp. systematically (一批)收藏品，(一批)收集品(如艺术作品、文学作品或标本等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an accumulation; a mass or pile 聚集，积累；大堆，大量  a collection of dust  大量的灰尘 4  a  the collecting of money, esp. in church or for a charitable cause (尤指教堂或慈善事业的)募捐b  the amount collected 募集的款项 5  the regular removal of mail for dispatch, refuse for disposal, etc. 定期取走的信件；定期处理的垃圾 6 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  college examinations held at the end of a term, esp. at Oxford University [英] (尤指牛津大学的)学院期末考试 [Middle English via Old French from Latin collectio -onis (as COLLECT1)]

collective /kəˈlektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  formed by or constituting a collection 集合的，构成整体的 2  taken as a whole; aggregate 总的，合计的，  our collective opinion  我们集体的观点 3  of or from several or many individuals; common 集体的，集体所有的，共同的 ●n.  1  a  = COLLECTIVE FARM b  any cooperative enterprise 集体企业c  its members 集体企业人员 2  = COLLECTIVE NOUN  □ collectively  adv.  □ collectiveness  n.  □ collectivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [French collectif or Latin collectivus (as COLLECT1)]

collective bargaining n.  negotiation of wages etc. by an organized body of employees (劳方团体与资方就工资等问题进行的)集体谈判

collective farm n.  a jointly-operated esp. state-owned amalgamation of several smallholdings (尤指国有的)集体农场(或农庄)

collective memory n.  the memory of a group of people, often passed from one generation to the next 共同记忆，集体记忆(常常是一代人传给下一代人的记忆)

collective noun n. Gram.  a noun that is grammatically singular and denotes a collection or number of individuals (e.g. assembly 与会者 , family 家庭成员 , troop 部队战士) 【语法】(表示复数意义的单数名词)集合名词

collective ownership n.  ownership of land, means of production, etc., by all for the benefit of all (土地、生产资料等)集体所有(制)

collective unconscious n. Psychol. (in Jungian theory) the part of the unconscious mind which is derived from ancestral memory and experience, and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual's unconscious 【心】集体无意识(瑞士心理学家荣格的理论，指人类从祖先的记忆或经验中普遍继承来的那一部分意识，与个人无意识相对)

collectivism /kəˈlektiviz(ə)m/ n.  the theory and practice of the collective ownership of land and the means of production 集体主义 □ collectivist  n.  集体主义者□ collectivistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  集体主义制度的，集体主义者的

collectivize /kəˈlektivaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  organize on the basis of collective ownership 使集体化 □ collectivization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

collector /kəˈlektə/ n.  1  a person who collects, esp. things of interest as a hobby (尤指作为癖好的)收集者；收藏家 2  a person who collects money etc. due 收款员  tax collector  收税员 rent collector  收房租的人 3 Electronics  the region in a transistor that absorbs carriers of a charge 【电子学】集电极，收集极 [Middle English via Anglo-French collectour from medieval Latin collector (as COLLECT1)]

collector's item n. (also 亦作 collector's piece)  a valuable object, esp. one of interest to collectors 值得收藏的东西，珍品

colleen /kɒˈli:n, ˈkɒli:n/ n. Ir.  a girl [爱尔兰]女孩，姑娘 [Irish cailín, diminutive of caile ‘countrywoman’]

college /ˈkɒlidʒ/ n.  1  an establishment for further or higher education, sometimes part of a university 学院(有时属于大学的一部分) 2  an establishment for specialized professional education 职业学校，专科学校  business college  商业学院 college of music  音乐学院 naval college  海军学院 3 Brit.  the buildings or premises of a college [英]学院的建筑物  lived in college  住在学院里 4  the students and teachers in a college 学院的全体师生 5 Brit.  a private secondary school [英]私立中学 6  an organized body of persons with shared functions and privileges (具有共同的职责和特权的)学会，社团  College of Physicians  内科医生学会 [Middle English from Old French college or Latin collegium, from collega (as COLLEAGUE)]

College of Arms n. (in the UK) a corporation recording lineage and granting arms (英国)宗谱纹章院

college of education n.  a training college for schoolteachers 教育学院

college pudding n. Brit.  a small baked or steamed suet pudding with dried fruit [英]小葡萄干布丁

collegial /kəˈli:dʒiəl, -dʒ(ə)l/ adj.  1  = COLLEGIATE 1  2  relating to or involving shared responsibility, as among a group of colleagues (同事中)共同负责的 □ collegiality  /kəli:dʒiˈæliti/ n.  同事关系，同僚身份

collegian /kəˈli:dʒiən, -dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a member of a college 大学(或学院)的成员，大学生 [medieval Latin collegianus (as COLLEGE)]

collegiate /kəˈli:dʒ(i)ət/ adj.  1  of the nature of, constituted as, or belonging to, a college; corporate 大学的，学院的；属于学院的；团体的 2 (of a university) composed of different colleges (指大学)由学院组成的 3  designed for use by college students 供大学生使用的 □ collegiately  adv.   [Late Latin collegiatus (as COLLEGE)]

collegiate church n.  1  a church endowed for a chapter of canons but without a bishop's see 有牧师会组织(但无主教职位)的教会 2 US & Sc.  a church or group of churches established under a joint pastorate [美和苏格兰]联合教会(由两个以上的牧师共同主持的教会)

collenchyma /kəˈleŋkimə/ n. Bot.  a tissue of cells with thick cellulose cell walls, strengthening young stems etc. 【植】(能加固嫩茎干的)厚角组织 [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’]

Colles' fracture /ˈkɒlis/ n.  a fracture of the lower end of the radius with a backward displacement of the hand 科勒斯氏骨折(挠骨下端骨折) [A. Colles, Irish surgeon d. 1843]

collet /ˈkɒlit/ n.  1  a flange or socket for setting a gem in jewellery (戒指等)镶嵌钻石的底座 2 Engin.  a segmented band or sleeve put round a shaft or spindle and tightened to grip it 【工程】有缝夹套，套爪，筒夹 3  a small collar in a clock etc. to which the inner end of a balance spring is attached 游丝内桩(钟表中固定发条的金属环) [French, diminutive of COL]

collide /kəˈlaid/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  come into abrupt or violent impact (突然而猛烈地)碰撞，互撞 2  be in conflict 冲突，抵触 [Latin collidere collis- (as COM-, laedere ‘strike, damage’)]

collider /kəˈlaidə/ n. Physics  an accelerator in which two beams of particles are made to collide 【物理学】粒子撞击机(使两个粒子束发生撞击的加速器)

collie /ˈkɒli/ n.  1  a sheepdog originally of a Scottish breed, with a long pointed nose and usu. dense long hair 柯利牧羊犬(一种毛长嘴尖的牧羊犬，产于苏格兰) 2  this breed 柯利牧羊犬品种 [perhaps from coll COAL (the breed originally being black)]

collier /ˈkɒliə/ n.  1  a coal miner 煤矿工人 2  a  a coalship 运煤船b Brit.  a member of its crew [英]运煤船船员 [Middle English, from COAL + -IER]

colliery /ˈkɒliəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a coal mine and its associated buildings 煤矿(包括附属建筑)

colligate /ˈkɒliɡeit/ v. tr.  bring into connection (esp. isolated facts by a generalization) (尤指对孤立的事实)综合，概括，使产生联系 □ colligation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin colligare colligat- (as COM-, ligare ‘bind’)]

collimate /ˈkɒlimeit/ v. tr.  1  adjust the line of sight of (a telescope etc.) 校准(望远镜等) 2  make (telescopes or rays) accurately parallel 使(望远镜或光线)平行；使准直 □ collimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin collimare, erroneous for collineare ‘align’ (as COM-, linea ‘line’)]

collimator /ˈkɒlimeitə/ n.  1  a device for producing a parallel beam of rays or radiation 准直管，平行光管 2  a small fixed telescope used for adjusting the line of sight of an astronomical telescope etc. (望远镜)准直仪

collinear /kɒˈliniə/ adj. Geom. (of points) lying in the same straight line 【几】(指若干个点)共线的 □ collinearity  /-ˈæriti/ n.  

Collins /ˈkɒlinz/ n. (in full 全称 Tom Collins)  an iced drink made of gin or whisky etc. with soda, lemon or lime juice, and sugar 柯林斯酒(用杜松子或威士忌酒等加苏打水、柠檬汁和糖配制而成) [20th c.: origin unknown]

collision /kəˈliʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a violent impact of a moving body, esp. a vehicle or ship, with another or with a fixed object (尤指车船等)碰撞，互撞，碰撞事件 2  the clashing of opposed interests or considerations (利益或动机)冲突，抵触 3 Physics  the action of particles striking or coming together 【物理学】(粒子的)碰撞，撞击 □ collisional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin collisio (as COLLIDE)]

collision course n.  a course or action that is bound to cause a collision or conflict 导致(船只、飞机、导弹等)碰撞的航向；导致冲突的轨迹

collocate /ˈkɒləkeit/ v. tr.  1  place together or side by side 把…放在一起；排列 2  arrange; set in a particular place 安排，配置(于特定位置) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Linguistics  juxtapose (a word etc.) with another 【语言学】使(词语等)并置；使(词语等)搭配 [Latin collocare collocat- (as COM-, locare ‘to place’)]

collocation /kɒləˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Linguistics 【语言学】  a  the juxtaposition or association of a particular word with another particular word or words (词语等的)组合，组配b  the words so juxtaposed or associated 词组，搭配 2  the action of collocating; the state of being collocated 并置，排列；配置

collocutor /ˈkɒləkju:tə, kəˈlɒkjʊtə/ n.  a person who takes part in a conversation 谈话者，参与谈话者 [Late Latin, from colloqui (as COM-, loqui locut- ‘talk’)]

collodion /kəˈləʊdiən/ n.  a syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, used in photography and surgery (用于摄影或外科手术的)胶棉，火棉胶 [Greek kollōdēs ‘glue-like’, from kolla ‘glue’]

collogue /kɒˈləʊɡ/ v. intr. (collogues, collogued, colloguing) (foll. by 后跟 with)  talk confidentially 密谈，密谋 [probably alteration of obsolete colleague ‘conspire’, by association with Latin colloqui ‘converse’]

colloid /ˈkɒlɔid/ n.  1 Chem.  a non-crystalline substance consisting of ultramicroscopic particles, esp. large single molecules, usu. dispersed through a second substance, as in gels, sols, and emulsions 【化】胶体，胶质 2 Med.  a substance of a homogeneous gelatinous consistency 【医】匀质胶状物 □ colloidal  /kəˈlɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + -OID]

collop /ˈkɒləp/ n.  a slice, esp. of meat or bacon; an escalope (尤指肉或咸肉)小块(片)；(小牛腿肉切成的)薄肉片 [Middle English, = fried bacon and eggs, of Scandinavian origin]

colloquial /kəˈləʊkwiəl/ adj.  belonging to or proper to ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary 口语的，会话的，口头的；口语体的 □ colloquially  adv.   [Latin colloquium COLLOQUY]

colloquialism /kəˈləʊkwiəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a colloquial word or phrase 口语用词(或短语) 2  the use of colloquialisms 口语用法，口语体

colloquium /kəˈləʊkwiəm/ n. (pl. colloquiums or colloquia /-kwiə/)  an academic conference or seminar 学术讨论会，学术报告会 [Latin: see COLLOQUY]

colloquy /ˈkɒləkwi/ n. (pl. -quies)  1 formal [正式]  a  the act of conversing 交谈，会谈b  a conversation 谈话 2 Eccl.  a gathering for discussion of theological questions 【教会】(基督教长老会的)教务评议会 [Latin colloquium (as COM-, loqui speak)]

collotype /ˈkɒlətaip/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a thin sheet of gelatin exposed to light, treated with reagents, and used to make high-quality prints by lithography 珂罗版 2  a print made by this process 珂罗版印刷 [Greek kolla ‘glue’ + TYPE]

collude /kəˈl(j)u:d/ v. intr.  come to an understanding or conspire together, esp. for a fraudulent purpose (尤指以欺诈为目的)共谋，勾结，串通 □ colluder  n.   [Latin colludere collus- (as COM-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

collusion /kəˈl(j)u:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a secret understanding, esp. for a fraudulent purpose 共谋，勾结，串通 2 Law  such an understanding between ostensible opponents in a lawsuit 【法律】(诉讼中表面上的对手之间的)串通，共谋 □ collusive  adj.  □ collusively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French collusion or Latin collusio (as COLLUDE)]

collyrium /kəˈliriəm/ n. (pl. collyria /-riə/)  a medicated eye-lotion 洗眼剂，洗眼液 [Latin from Greek kollurion ‘poultice’, from kollura ‘coarse bread roll’]

collywobbles /ˈkɒliwɒb(ə)lz/ n. pl. colloq. [口]  1  a rumbling or pain in the stomach 肠鸣；腹痛 2  a feeling of strong apprehension 紧张不安，担心 [fanciful, from COLIC + WOBBLE]

Colo. abbr.  Colorado [缩略] (美国)科罗拉多州

colobus /ˈkɒləbəs/ n.  any leaf-eating monkey of the genus Colobus, native to Africa, having shortened thumbs 疣猴，髯猴(疣猴属动物，拇指短小，以树叶为食，原产地为非洲) [modern Latin from Greek kolobos ‘docked’]

colocynth /ˈkɒləsinθ/ n. (also 亦作 coloquintida /kɒləˈkwintidə/)  1  a  a plant of the gourd family, Citrullus colocynthis, bearing a pulpy fruit 药西瓜(一种药用葫芦科植物)b  this fruit 药西瓜果实 2  a bitter purgative drug obtained from the fruit (从药西瓜中提取的苦味)泻药 [Latin colocynthis from Greek kolokunthis]

cologne /kəˈləʊn/ n. (in full 全称 cologne water)  eau de Cologne or a similar scented toilet water 古龙香水(商标名) [Cologne in Germany]

Colombia   哥伦比亚

Colombian /kəˈlʌmbiən/ adj. & n.  哥伦比亚的(人)

Colombo /kəˈlʌmbəu/ n.  科伦坡 [斯里兰卡首都]

colon1 /ˈkəʊlən/ n.  a punctuation mark (:), used esp. to introduce a quotation or a list of items or to separate clauses when the second expands or illustrates the first; also between numbers in a statement of proportion (as in 10:1) and in biblical references (as in Exodus 3:2) (标点符号)冒号(即 :) ；表示比率的符号 [Latin from Greek kōlon ‘limb, clause’]

colon2 /ˈkəʊlən, -lɒn/ n. Anat.  the greater part of the large intestine, from the caecum to the rectum 【解】结肠 □ colonic  /kəˈlɒnik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Greek kolon]

colonel /ˈkɜ:n(ə)l/ n.  1  an army officer in command of a regiment, immediately below a brigadier in rank (陆军)上校 2 US  an officer of corresponding rank in the Air Force [美]空军上校 3  = LIEUTENANT COLONEL  □ colonelcy  n. (pl. -ies)   [obsolete French coronel from Italian colonnello ‘column of soldiers’, from colonna COLUMN]

Colonel Blimp  see 见 BLIMP n. 1 

colonial /kəˈləʊniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies, esp. of a British Crown Colony 殖民地的；具有殖民地特点的(尤指英国政府直辖的殖民地)b  of colonialism 殖民主义的 2 (esp. of architecture or furniture) built or designed in, or in a style characteristic of, the period of the British colonies in America before independence (尤指建筑或家具)仿殖民地时期风格的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of a colony 殖民地居民 2  a house built in colonial style 仿殖民地时期风格的房屋 □ colonially  adv.  

colonial goose n. Austral. & NZ  a boned and stuffed roast leg of mutton [澳新] (中间塞有佐料的)去骨烤羊腿

colonialism /kəˈləʊniəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a policy of acquiring or maintaining colonies 殖民主义，殖民政策 2 derog.  this policy regarded as the esp. economic exploitation of weak or backward peoples by a larger power [贬] (尤指强国从经济上掠夺弱国的)殖民主义剥削 □ colonialist  n.  

colonist /ˈkɒlənist/ n.  a settler in or inhabitant of a colony 殖民地开拓者；殖民地居民

colonize /ˈkɒlənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  establish a colony or colonies in (a country or area) 在(某国或地区)建立殖民地b  settle as colonists 移居于殖民地 2 intr.  establish or join a colony 建立(或开拓)殖民地 3 tr. Biol. (of plants and animals) become established in (an area) 【生】(指动植物)移植于；移生于 □ colonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ colonizer  n.  

colonnade /kɒləˈneid/ n.  a row of columns, esp. supporting an entablature or roof (尤指支撑楣构或屋顶的)列柱，柱廊 □ colonnaded  adj.   [French, from colonne COLUMN]

colonoscopy /kɒləˈnɒskəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an examination of the colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus 结肠镜检查 □ colonoscope  /kəˈlɒnəskəʊp/ n.  

colony /ˈkɒləni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a group of settlers in a new country (whether or not already inhabited) fully or partly subject to the mother country 移民队，殖民团b  the settlement or its territory 殖民；殖民地 2  a  people of one nationality or race or occupation in a city, esp. if living more or less in isolation or in a special quarter (城市中同国籍、同种族或同职业人的)聚居区，聚居地b  a separate or segregated group 隔离的人群；分开的居民  nudist colony  裸体营 3 Biol.  a community of animals or plants of one kind forming a physically connected structure or living close together 【生】(动、植物的)群体；集群 [Middle English from Latin colonia, via colonus ‘farmer’ from colere ‘cultivate’]

colophon /ˈkɒləf(ə)n/ n.  1  a publisher's device or imprint, esp. on the title-page (标题页上的)出版说明；出版社商标 2  a tailpiece in a manuscript or book, often ornamental, giving the writer's or printer's name, the date, etc. (说明作者、出版者或出版日期等的)装饰性书尾题署 [Late Latin from Greek kolophōn ‘summit, finishing touch’]

colophony /kəˈlɒfəni, ˈkɒləfəʊni/ n.  = ROSIN  [Latin colophonia ‘(resin) from Colophon’ (in Asia Minor)]

coloquintida var.  of COLOCYNTH  COLOCYNTH 的变体

color US var.  of COLOUR [美] COLOUR 的变体

Colorado /ˌkɒləˈrɑ:dəu/ n.  科罗拉多河 [北美洲]

Colorado beetle /kɒləˌrɑ:dəʊ ˈbi:t(ə)l/ n.  a yellow and black striped beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the larva of which is highly destructive to the potato plant 科罗拉多甲虫(瘦跗甲属昆虫，背上有黄黑色条纹，其幼虫可对土豆作物造成严重破坏) [Colorado in the US]

coloration /kʌləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 colouration)  1  colouring; a scheme or method of applying colour 着色(法)，染色(法) 2  the natural (esp. variegated) colour of living things or animals (生物斑驳的)天然色彩，色泽 [French coloration or Late Latin coloratio, from colorare COLOUR]

coloratura /kɒlərəˈtjʊərə, -ˈtʊ-/ n.  1  elaborate ornamentation of a vocal melody (声乐)花腔 2  a singer (esp. a soprano) skilled in coloratura singing (尤指女高音)花腔歌手 [Italian, from Latin colorare COLOUR]

colorific /kʌləˈrifik, kɒl-/ adj.  1  producing colour 产生颜色的，传色的 2  highly coloured 大肆渲染的，夸张的 [French colorifique or modern Latin colorificus (as COLOUR)]

colorimeter /kʌləˈrimitə, kɒl-/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of colour 色度计，比色计 □ colorimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ colorimetry  n.   [Latin color COLOUR + -METER]

colossal /kəˈlɒs(ə)l/ adj.  1  of immense size; huge, gigantic 巨大的，庞大的 2 colloq.  remarkable, splendid [口]出色的，卓越的 3 Archit. (of an order) having more than one storey of columns 【建】(柱型)高大的，高大无比的 4 Sculpture (of a statue) about twice life size 【雕刻术】两倍于实体的；巨像的 □ colossally  adv.   [French, from colosse COLOSSUS]

colosseum var.  of COLISEUM  COLISEUM 的变体

colossus /kəˈlɒsəs/ n. (pl. colossi /-sai/ or colossuses)  1  a statue much bigger than life size 巨像(远远超过实体的雕像) 2  a gigantic person, animal, building, etc. 巨人；庞大动物；庞大建筑物 3  an imperial power personified (拟人化的)帝国，大国 [Latin from Greek kolossos]

colostomy /kəˈlɒstəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  an operation in which the colon is shortened to remove a damaged part and the cut end diverted to an opening in the abdominal wall 【外科】结肠造口术 [as COLON2 + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

colostrum /kəˈlɒstrəm/ n.  the first secretion from the mammary glands occurring after giving birth, rich in antibodies (哺乳动物产后的)初乳 [Latin]

colotomy /kəˈlɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  an incision in the colon 【外科】结肠切开术 [as COLON2 + -TOMY]

colour /ˈkʌlə/ n. & v. ●n. (US [美] color)  1  a  the sensation produced on the eye by rays of light when resolved as by a prism, selective reflection, etc., into different wavelengths 色，颜色b  perception of colour; a system of colours (感知到的)色彩；(一系列)色彩 2  one, or any mixture, of the constituents into which light can be separated as in a spectrum or rainbow, sometimes including (loosely) black and white 彩色(如彩虹或光谱中的某种色彩) 3  a colouring substance, esp. paint 染料，颜料(尤指涂料) 4  the use of all colours, not only black and white, as in photography and television (摄影或电视)着色 5  a  pigmentation of the skin, esp. when dark 皮肤的颜色(尤指黑色)b  this as a ground for prejudice or discrimination (引起种族歧视的)肤色，有色人种的肤色 6  ruddiness of complexion 血色，气色，红润的面色  a healthy colour  健康的气色 7 (in pl. 用复数)  appearance or aspect 外表，外貌  see things in their true colours  看清事情的真实面目 8 (in pl. 用复数)  a Brit.  a coloured ribbon or uniform etc. worn to signify membership of a school, club, team, etc. [英] (作为学校、俱乐部、运动队等标志的)彩带；制服b  the flag of a regiment or ship (军团的)团旗；(轮船的)船旗c  a national flag 国旗 9  quality, mood, or variety in music, literature, speech, etc.; distinctive character or timbre (音乐的)音色，音品，音质；(文学的)特点，格调；(演讲的)气氛；特殊的性格(或素质) 10  a show of reason; a pretext 理由；借口  lend colour to  给…找理由 under colour of  以…为借口 11 Physics  a quantum number assigned to quarks and gluons in the theory of quantum chromodynamics 【物理学】(量子色动力学理论中为夸克和胶子规定的)量子数目 ●v.  1 tr.  apply colour to, esp. by painting or dyeing or with coloured pens or pencils 给…涂色；给…染色 2 tr.  influence 影响  an attitude coloured by experience  受经验影响的态度 3 tr.  misrepresent, exaggerate, esp. with spurious detail (尤指用伪造的细节)歪曲，渲染  a highly coloured account  严重歪曲了的报告 4 intr.  take on colour; blush 使生色；脸红 □ show one's true colours   reveal one's true character or intentions 露出真面目；暴露真实意图□ under false colours   falsely, deceitfully 伪装地，欺骗地□ with flying colours   see 见 FLYING  [Middle English via Old French color, colorer from Latin color, colorare]

colourable /ˈkʌlərəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] colorable)  1  specious, plausible 貌似有理的，似是而非的 2  counterfeit 假装的，骗人的 □ colourably  adv.  

colourant /ˈkʌlər(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] colorant)  a colouring substance 着色剂，染色剂；颜料；染料；色素

colouration var.  of COLORATION  COLORATION 的变体

colour bar n.  the denial of services and facilities to nonwhite people (对有色人种的)歧视；肤色障碍

colour-blind adj.  unable to distinguish certain colours 色盲的 □ colour-blindness  n.  

colour code n. & v. ●n.  the use of colours as a standard means of identification (用不同颜色作识别标记的)色标，色码 ●v. tr. (作 colour-code)  identify by means of a colour code 用色标来区别

coloured /ˈkʌləd/ adj. & n. (US [美] colored) ●adj.  1  having colour 有颜色的，彩色的 2 (often 常作 Coloured) often offens. [常冒犯]  a  wholly or partly of non-white descent 有色人种的b S. Afr.  of mixed white and non-white descent [南非]混血种的c  of or relating to coloured people 有色人种的  a coloured audience  黑人听众 ●n.  1 (often 常作 Coloured) often offens. [常冒犯]  a  a coloured person 黑人b S. Afr.  a person of mixed descent speaking Afrikaans or English as the mother tongue [南非] (以南非荷兰语或英语为母语的)混血儿 2 (in pl. 用复数)  coloured clothing etc. for washing (送洗的)彩色衣物■Usage 用法说明 The use of coloured to refer to people of racial groups not considered white is regarded as offensive by many people and should be avoided by using black, Asian, etc., as appropriate. 许多人认为用 coloured 来表示“非白色人种”是一种冒犯的做法，应避免使用。恰当的用语是 black, Asian 等。 

colour fast adj.  dyed in colours that will not fade or be washed out 不退色的，不掉色的 □ colour fastness  n.  

colourful /ˈkʌləfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] colorful)  1  having much or varied colour; bright 色彩鲜艳的；鲜明的 2  full of interest; vivid, lively 有趣的；生动的，活泼的 □ colourfully  adv.  □ colourfulness  n.  

colouring /ˈkʌləriŋ/ n. (US [美] coloring)  1  the process of or skill in using colour 着色(法)；着色技巧 2  the style in which a thing is coloured, or in which an artist uses colour 色调；(艺术家)运用色彩的风格 3  facial complexion 面色

colourist /ˈkʌlərist/ n. (US [美] colorist)  a person who uses colour, esp. in art (尤指在艺术方面)使用色彩者；色彩设计师

colourless /ˈkʌləlis/ adj. (US [美] colorless)  1  without colour 无色的 2  lacking character or interest 无特色的；平淡无奇的 3  dull or pale in hue 色彩暗淡的；苍白的 4  neutral, impartial, indifferent 中立的；无偏见的；冷漠的 □ colourlessly  adv.  

colour scheme n.  an arrangement or planned combination of colours esp. in interior design (尤指室内装修的)色彩调配(或设计)

colour-sergeant n.  the senior sergeant of an infantry company (步兵连的)掌旗军士

colour supplement n. Brit.  a magazine with coloured illustrations, issued as a supplement to a newspaper [英] (报纸等的)彩色增刊

colour temperature n. Astron. & Physics  the temperature at which a black body would emit radiation of the same colour as a given object 【天】【物理学】色温度

colour wash n. & v. ●n.  coloured distemper 胶画颜料；彩色涂料 ●v. tr. (作 colour-wash)  paint with coloured distemper 用胶画颜料绘制；用彩色涂料涂刷

colourway /ˈkʌləwei/ n. (US [美] colorway)  a coordinated combination of colours 色彩设计

coloury /ˈkʌləri/ adj. (US [美] colory)  having a distinctive colour, esp. as indicating good quality 有独特色泽的(尤指表明优等质量的色泽)

colposcopy /kɒlˈpɒskəpi/ n.  examination of the vagina and the neck of the womb 阴道及子宫颈检查 □ colposcope  /ˈkɒlpəˌskəʊp/ n.   [Greek kolpos ‘womb’ + -SCOPY]

colt /kəʊlt/ n.  1  a young uncastrated male horse, usu. less than four years old (通常指 4 岁以下的)未阉割的公马驹 2 Brit. Sport  a young or inexperienced player; a member of a junior team [英]【运动】(无经验的)新选手；(球类)青年队队员 □ colthood  n.  □ coltish  adj.  爱游戏的，蹦蹦跳跳的；不守纪律的□ coltishly  adv.  □ coltishness  n.   [Old English, = young ass or camel]

colter US var.  of COULTER [美] COULTER 的变体

coltsfoot /ˈkəʊltsfʊt/ n. (pl. coltsfoots)  a plant of the daisy family, Tussilago farfara, with large leaves and yellow flowers 款冬(一种阔叶开黄花的雏菊科植物)

colubrid /ˈkɒljʊbrid/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the large family Colubridae to which most non-venomous snakes belong 游蛇(科)的 ●n.  a snake of this family 游蛇 [Latin coluber ‘snake’ + -ID3]

colubrine /ˈkɒljʊbrain/ adj.  1  of the subfamily Colubrinae of colubrid snakes with solid teeth 游蛇亚科的 2  snakelike 似游蛇的，有游蛇特征的 [Latin colubrinus from coluber ‘snake’]

colugo /kəˈlu:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a flying lemur 猫猴，鼯猴(一种可以飞行的狐猴) [18th c.: origin unknown]

columbarium /kɒl(ə)mˈbɛəriəm/ n.  a room or building with niches and shelves for cinerary urns to be stored 地下骨灰瓮安放室 [Latin, = pigeon house (from columba ‘pigeon’)]

Columbine /ˈkɒl(ə)mbain/ n.  the partner of Harlequin in pantomime 科伦芭茵(意大利传统哑剧中丑角 Harlequin 的情人) [French Colombine from Italian Colombina, from colombino ‘dovelike’]

columbine /ˈkɒl(ə)mbain/ n.  an aquilegia, esp. Aquilegia vulgaris, which has purple-blue flowers 蓝花耧斗菜(耧斗菜属植物，开蓝紫色花) [Middle English via Old French colombine and medieval Latin colombina herba ‘dovelike plant’ from Latin columba ‘dove’ (from the supposed resemblance of the flower to a cluster of 5 doves)]

columbite /kəˈlʌmbait/ n. Chem.  an ore of niobium containing iron and magnesium 【化】(含铁和镁的)铌铁矿 [modern Latin Columbia, a poetic name for America, + -ITE1]

columbium /kəˈlʌmbiəm/ n. esp. N. Amer. Metallurgy [尤北美]【冶金学】  = NIOBIUM 

column /ˈkɒləm/ n.  1 Archit.  an upright cylindrical pillar often slightly tapering and usu. supporting an entablature or arch, or standing alone as a monument 【建】柱，支柱；圆柱；纪念柱 2  a structure or part shaped like a column 柱形建筑；柱形物 3  a vertical cylindrical mass of liquid or vapour (液体或气体的)水柱，烟柱 4  a  a vertical division of a page, chart, etc., containing a sequence of figures or words (数字)列；(文字)栏b  the figures or words themselves 数列；文字 5  a part of a newspaper regularly devoted to a particular subject (报纸的)专栏  gossip column  漫谈栏 6  a Mil.  an arrangement of troops in successive lines, deep from front to rear but of narrow width 【军】纵队b Naut.  a similar arrangement of ships 【海】(军舰的)纵阵，纵队 □ dodge the column  Brit. colloq.  shirk one's duty; avoid work [英口]逃避责任；躲避工作□ columnar  /kəˈlʌmnə/ adj.  □ columned  adj.   [Middle English from Old French columpne, Latin columna ‘pillar’]

column-inch n.  a quantity of print (esp. newsprint) occupying a one-inch length of a column 栏英寸(报刊中横占一栏，纵占一英寸的篇幅)

columnist /ˈkɒl(ə)m(n)ist/ n.  a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper (报刊的)专栏作家

colure /kəˈljʊə/ n. Astron.  either of two great circles intersecting at right angles at the celestial poles and passing through the ecliptic at either the equinoxes or the solstices 【天】分至圈(在天极处成直角相交并在二分(春分和秋分)点或二至(夏至和冬至)点穿过黄道的两个大圈之一) [Middle English via Late Latin colurus from Greek kolouros ‘truncated’, so called because the lower part is cut off from view]

colza /ˈkɒlzə/ n.  = RAPE2  [French kolza(t) from Low German kōlsɑˉt (as COLE, SEED)]

Colón /kəˈləun/ n.  科隆 [巴拿马港市]

COM abbr.  computer output on microfilm or microfiche [缩略]计算机输出缩微胶片，计算机输出缩微平片

com- /kɒm, kəm/ prefix (also 亦作 co-, col-, con-, cor-)  with, together, jointly, altogether 与，和，共，全 [Latin com-, cum ‘with’]■Usage 用法说明 Com- is used before b, m, p, and occasionally before vowels and f; co- esp. before vowels, h, and gn; col- before l, cor- before r, and con- before other consonants. com- 用于字母 b 、 p 、 m 之前，有时也用于元音和 f 之前； co- 尤用于元音或字母 h 和 gn 之前； col- 用于字母 l 之前， cor- 用于字母 r 之前， con- 用于其他辅音字母之前。 

coma1 /ˈkəʊmə/ n. (pl. comas)  a prolonged deep unconsciousness, caused esp. by severe injury or excessive use of drugs (因重伤或服药过量造成的)昏迷 [medieval Latin from Greek kōma ‘deep sleep’]

coma2 /ˈkəʊmə/ n. (pl. comae /-mi:/)  1 Astron.  a cloud of gas and dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet 【天】彗发 2 Bot.  a tuft of silky hairs at the end of some seeds 【植】种缨(某些种子末端的绒毛) [Latin from Greek komē ‘hair of head’]

comatose /ˈkəʊmətəʊs, -z/ adj.  1  in a coma 昏迷的 2  drowsy, sleepy, lethargic 嗜睡的，没精打采的

comb /kəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a toothed strip of rigid material for tidying and arranging the hair, or for keeping it in place 梳，梳子；发夹，发插 2  a part of a machine having a similar design or purpose (机器上的)梳状物 3  a  the red fleshy crest of a fowl, esp. a cock (尤指公鸡的)肉冠，鸡冠b  an analogous growth in other birds (其他鸟类的)鸡冠状物 4  a honeycomb 蜂巢 ●v. tr.  1  arrange or tidy (the hair) by drawing a comb through 梳，梳理(头发) 2  curry (a horse) 梳刷(马鬃等) 3  dress (wool or flax) with a comb 精梳(羊毛或亚麻) 4  search (a place) thoroughly 在(某处)仔细搜寻 □ comb out   1  tidy and arrange (the hair) loosely by combing 梳理，把(头发)梳通 2  remove with a comb (用梳子)梳掉 3  search or attack systematically 系统地搜寻(或进攻) 4  search out and get rid of (anything unwanted) 挑出，清除(不想要的东西)□ combed  adj.   [Old English camb, from Germanic]

combat /ˈkɒmbæt, ˈkʌ-, -ət/ n. & v. ●n.  a fight, struggle, or contest 战斗；斗争；格斗 ●v. (combated, combating)  1 intr.  engage in combat 参加战斗(格斗) 2 tr.  engage in combat with 与…战斗；与…搏斗 3 tr.  oppose; strive against 反对；反抗 [French, from combattre from Late Latin (as COM-, Latin batuere ‘fight’)]

combatant /ˈkɒmbət(ə)nt, ˈkʌm-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person engaged in fighting 参战者，战士；格斗者 ●adj.  1  fighting 战斗的 2  for fighting 准备战斗的

combat dress n.  a soldier's uniform worn for combat and field training, usu. of olive-green, camouflage, or khaki fabric 作训服(参加战斗或战地训练时穿的制服，通常为橄榄绿色、保护色或土黄色织物)

combat fatigue n.  1  mental disorder caused by stress in wartime combat 战斗疲劳症 2  see 见 FATIGUE n. 5 

combative /ˈkɒmbətiv, ˈkʌm-/ adj.  ready or eager to fight; pugnacious 斗志旺盛的；好斗的；好争吵的 □ combatively  adv.  □ combativeness  n.  

combe var.  of COOMB  COOMB 的变体

comber1 /ˈkəʊmə/ n.  1  a person or thing that combs, esp. a machine for combing cotton or wool very fine 梳刷者；(尤指梳理棉花或羊毛的)精梳机 2  a long curling wave; a breaker (海中的)卷浪，碎浪，浪花

comber2 /ˈkɒmbə/ n. Brit.  a fish of the perch family, Serranus cabrilla [英]海鲈(金鲈科鱼) [18th c.: origin unknown]

combi /ˈkɒmbi/ n.  a machine, appliance, etc. with a combined function or mode of action 多用机器，多用工具 often 常作 attrib.: combi oven  多用烤箱 [abbreviation of COMBINATION]

combination /kɒmbiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of combining; the process of being combined 结合，联合，混合 2  a combined state 结合状态，混合状态  in combination with  与…结合起来 3  a combined set of things or people 结合体，混合体；团体，集团 4  a sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock (开暗码锁用的)数字暗码，字母暗码 5 Brit.  a motorcycle with sidecar attached [英]附有边斗的摩托车 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a single undergarment for the body and legs 连衫裤 7  a group of things chosen from a larger number without regard to their arrangement (从众多事物中选出的)混合物 8  a  united action 联合行动b Chess  a coordinated and effective sequence of moves 【棋类】先后关联的几招妙棋 9 Chem.  a union of substances in a compound with new properties 【化】化合物 □ combinational  adj.  □ combinative  /ˈkɒmbinətiv/ adj.  □ combinatory  /ˈkɒmbinət(ə)ri/ adj.   [obsolete French combination or Late Latin combinatio (as COMBINE)]

combination lock n.  a lock that can be opened only by a specific sequence of movements 暗码锁，转字锁

combination oven n.  an oven operating by both conventional heating and microwaves 多用烤箱

combinatorial /ˌkɒmbinəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Math.  relating to combinations of items 【数】组合的，组合数学的

combine v. & n. ●v. /kəmˈbain/  1 tr. & intr.  join together; unite for a common purpose 结合；联合 2 tr.  possess (esp. disparate qualities) in combination (尤指不同性质)兼有，兼备  combines charm and authority  兼有魅力和权威 3  a intr.  coalesce in one substance 接合，合生b tr.  cause to do this 使接合，使合生c intr.  form a chemical compound 化合 4 intr.  cooperate 合作 5 /ˈkɒmbain/ tr.  harvest (crops etc.) by means of a combine harvester 用联合收割机收割(庄稼等) ●n. /ˈkɒmbain/  1  a combination of esp. commercial interests to control prices etc. (尤指为操纵物价而结成的)联合企业 2  = COMBINE HARVESTER  □ combinable  /kəmˈbainəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French combiner or Late Latin combinare (as COM-, Latin bini ‘two’)]

combine harvester n.  a mobile machine that reaps and threshes in one operation 康拜因，联合收割机

combing /ˈkəʊmiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of COMB v. 用于 COMB 的动词各释义 2 (in pl. 用复数)  hairs combed off 梳下的毛发

combing wool n.  long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted (适合于精梳并制成精纺毛纱的)长纤维毛

combining form n. Gram.  a form of a word used (only) in compounds in combination with another element to form a word (e.g. Anglo- = English in Anglo-Irish, bio- = life in biology, -graphy = writing in biography) 【语法】构词成分(如在 Anglo-Irish 中 Anglo- 表示 English, 在 biology 中 bio- 表示 life, 在 biography 中 -graphy 表示 writing)■Usage 用法说明 In this dictionary, combining form is used of an element that contributes to the particular sense of words (as with both elements of biography), as distinct from a prefix or suffix that adjusts the sense of or determines the function of words (as with un-, -able, and -ation). 本词典中， combining form 指在单词中有特定意义的构词成分(如 biography 中的 bio- 和 -graphy 两个构词成分)，以区别于改变词义或词性的前缀或后缀(如 un- ， -able 和 -ation) 。 

comb-jelly n.  a ctenophore 栉水母

combo /ˈkɒmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang [俚语]  1  a small jazz or dance band 小爵士乐队，小舞蹈乐队 2  a combination; a combined unit 结合；联合体 [abbreviation of COMBINATION + -O]

combs /kɒmz/ n. pl. colloq.  combinations (see 见 COMBINATION 6) [口]连衫裤

combust /kəmˈbʌst/ v. tr.  subject to combustion 烧，使燃烧 [obsolete combust (adj.) from Latin combustus past part. (as COMBUSTION)]

combustible /kəmˈbʌstib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  capable of or used for burning 可燃的，易燃的；用于燃烧的 2  excitable; easily irritated 易激动的，易怒的 ●n.  a combustible substance 可燃物，易燃物 □ combustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French combustible or medieval Latin combustibilis (as COMBUSTION)]

combustion /kəmˈbʌstʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  burning; consumption by fire 燃烧，消耗燃料 2 Chem.  the development of light and heat from the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen 【化】(物质与氧气化合产生光和热的)燃烧过程 □ combustive  adj.   [Middle English via French combustion or Late Latin combustio from Latin comburere combust- ‘burn up’]

combustion chamber n.  a space in which combustion takes place, e.g. of gases in a boiler-furnace or fuel in an internal-combustion engine 燃烧室(如锅炉中的燃气或内燃机中的燃油)

come /kʌm/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past came /keim/; past part. come)  1  move, be brought towards, or reach a place thought of as near or familiar to the speaker or hearer 来，过来，来到  come and see me  来看望我 shall we come to your house?  我们到你家来吗？ the books have come  书已经到了 2  reach or be brought to a specified situation or result 进入(某种状态)，形成，带来  you'll come to no harm  你不会受到伤害的 have come to believe it  开始相信它 has come to be used wrongly  开始被误用 came into prominence  开始出名 3  reach or extend to a specified point 达到，至(某一点)  the road comes within a mile of us  那条路在离我们 1 英里的范围之内 4  traverse or progress 横过，越过；前进 with compl. 与补足语连用 : have come a long way  大老远地赶来 5  a  get to be in a certain condition 变成，造成  how did you come to break your leg?  你的腿是怎么弄折的？b (of time) arrive in due course (指时间)到来，来临  the day soon came  那一天很快就来到了 6  take or occupy a specified position 取得…名次，居…位置  it comes on the third page  这项内容在第 3 页上面 came second in the race  在比赛中获第 2 名 Nero came after Claudius  尼禄在克劳迪斯之后上台 it does not come within the scope of the inquiry  这不在调查的范围之内 7  become perceptible or known 使感知到，使知晓  the church came into sight  教堂进入了视野 the news comes as a surprise  消息传来使人们大吃一惊 it will come to me  我会知道这件事的 8  be available 可得到，可供应  the dress comes in three sizes  这种连衣裙有 3 种尺码 this model comes with optional features  这种样机具有任选的特性 9  become 变成 with compl. 与补足语连用 : the handle has come loose  把手松动了 won't come clean  弄不干净 10 (foll. by 后跟 of, from)  a  be descended from 是…的后裔，出身于  comes of a rich family  出身于一个富有的家庭b  be the result of 出自，产生于  that comes from complaining  那是抱怨的结果 11 (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  originate in; have as its source 来自，起源于b  have as one's home 生于…家庭 12 colloq.  play the part of; behave like [口]扮演…角色，举止像… with compl. 与补足语连用 : don't come the bully with me  不要跟我无理取闹 13 slang  have a sexual orgasm [俚语]达到性高潮 14 (in subjunctive 用虚拟语气) colloq.  when a specified time is reached [口]当某个时刻来临时  come next month  到下个月 15 (also 亦作 come, come!) (as 作 int.)  expressing caution or reserve 嗨！喂！得啦！ (表示“引起注意或不耐烦”)  come, it cannot be that bad  得啦，事情不可能有那么糟糕 ●n. slang  semen ejaculated at a sexual orgasm [俚语] (性器官射出的)精液 □ as...as they come   typically or supremely so 极…的  is as tough as they come  极坚韧的□ come about   happen; take place 发生，产生□ come across   1  meet or find by chance 碰见，偶然遇见  came across an old jacket  偶然看见一件旧夹克 2 colloq.  be effective or understood; give a specified impression [口]起作用；被理解；给人以某种印象 3 (foll. by 后跟 with) slang  hand over what is wanted [俚语]交给，交付□ come again  colloq. [口]  1  make a further effort 进一步努力 2 (as 作 imper.)  what did you say? 请再说一遍□ come along   1  make progress; move forward 进步，进展 2 (as 作 imper.)  hurry up 快点，赶快□ come and go   1  pass to and fro; be transitory 来来往往；昙花一现 2  pay brief visits 作短暂访问□ come apart   fall or break into pieces; disintegrate 破碎，崩溃，分裂□ come at   1  reach, discover; get access to 达到；发现；得到 2  attack 攻击，袭击  came at me with a knife  持刀向我袭来□ come away   1  become detached or broken off 脱离，脱落  came away in my hands  从我的手中脱落掉 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  be left with (a feeling, impression, etc.) 带着(某种感觉、印象等)离去  came away with many misgivings  离开时带着许多疑虑□ come back   1  return 回来，归来 2  recur to one's memory 回想起 3  become fashionable or popular again 重新流行 4 N. Amer.  reply, retort [北美]回答；反驳□ come before   be dealt with by (a judge etc.) 被交由(法官等)处理□ come between   1  interfere with the relationship of 离间…的关系 2  separate; prevent contact between 分开；防止…接触□ come by   1  pass; go past 从…(旁边)经过 2  call on a visit 访问，看望  why not come by tomorrow?  为什么不明天来看望呢？ 3  acquire, obtain 获得，得到  came by a new bicycle  弄到一辆新自行车□ come clean   see 见 CLEAN □ come down   1  come to a place or position regarded as lower 下来，落下 2  lose position or wealth 落泊，潦倒  has come down in the world  已经落泊了 3  be handed down by tradition or inheritance 流传下来；继承下来 4  be reduced; show a downward trend 减少；下降，下跌  prices are coming down  物价下跌了 5 (foll. by 后跟 against, in favour of, etc.)  reach a decision or recommendation 做出决定；提出建议  the report came down against change  该报告宣布反对变革 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  signify or betoken basically; be dependent on (a factor) 可归结为；取决于(某个因素)  it comes down to who is willing to go  这归结起来是谁乐意去的问题 7 (foll. by 后跟 on)  criticize harshly; rebuke, punish 申斥，责骂；惩罚 8 (foll. by 后跟 with)  begin to suffer from (a disease) 染上(疾病)□ come for   1  come to collect or receive 来收取，来领取 2  attack 攻击，袭击  came for me with a hammer  用锤子朝我打过来□ come forward   1  advance 前进 2  offer oneself for a task, post, etc. 自告奋勇(承担任务、职位等)□ come in   1  enter a house or room 进来，进入 2  take a specified position in a race etc. (比赛等)取得…名次  came in third  取得第 3 名 3  become fashionable or seasonable 流行，时兴；正当时令 4  a  have a useful role or function 有…用途，派…用场b (with compl. 与补足语连用)  prove to be 证明是  came in very handy  证明是非常方便的c  have a part to play 起作用  where do I come in?  我在什么地方才能发挥作用呢？ 5  be received 被收到  more news has just come in  刚刚收到更多的消息 6  begin speaking, esp. in radio transmission (尤指无线电广播)开始播音 7  be elected; come to power 当选，掌权，执政 8 Cricket  begin an innings 【板球】开局 9 (foll. by 后跟 for)  receive; be the object of (usu. something unwelcome) 受到，遭到(通常不好的事情)  came in for much criticism  受到很多的批评 10 (foll. by 后跟 on)  join (an enterprise etc.) 加入，参加(企业等) 11 (of a tide) turn to high tide (潮水)上涨；涨潮 12 (of a train, ship, or aircraft) approach its destination (火车、轮船、飞机)到达目的地 13  return to base 返回基地  come in, number 9  9 号，返回基地□ come into   1  see 见 senses 2, 7 of v.  2  receive, esp. as heir (尤作为继承人)继承，得到□ come near   see 见 NEAR □ come of age   see 见 AGE □ come off   1 colloq. (of an action) succeed; be accomplished [口] (指行动)成功，完成 2 (with compl. 与补足语连用)  fare; turn out 进展，结果是  came off badly  结果很糟糕 came off the winner  结果是赢家 3 Brit. coarse slang  have a sexual orgasm [英] [粗俗俚语]达到性高潮 4  be detached or detachable (from) 脱落，分离 5 Brit.  fall (from) [英]从…上跌下 6  be reduced or subtracted from 从…中减去  £ 5 came off the price  价格降了 5 英镑□ come off it  (as 作 imper.) colloq.  an expression of disbelief or refusal to accept another's opinion, behaviour, etc. [口]住口，别胡扯；住手，别乱来□ come on   1  continue to come 继续到来 2  advance, esp. to attack 前进，(尤指)上前攻击 3  make progress; thrive 进步，改善；兴盛  is really coming on  真的正在改善 4 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) Brit.  begin [英]开始  it came on to rain  下起雨来了 5  appear on the stage, field of play, etc. 出场(登场、上场等) 6  be heard or seen on television, on the telephone, etc. (在电视上)露面；(在电话上)被听见 7  arise to be discussed 被提出讨论 8 (as 作 imper.)  expressing encouragement (表示鼓励)来吧，快点吧，跟我来 9  = come upon □ come out   1  emerge; become known 出现，显露  it came out that he had left  大家发现他已经离去了 2  appear or be published 发表，出版  comes out every Saturday  每星期六出版一次 3  a  declare oneself as being for or against something; make a decision 宣布赞成(或反对)；决定  came out in favour of joining  宣布赞成联合b  openly declare something (esp. that one is a homosexual) 公开声明(尤宣布自己是同性恋者) 4 Brit.  go on strike [英]举行罢工 5  a  be satisfactorily visible in a photograph etc., or present in a specified way (照片等)照得很清楚；(人)上相  the dog didn't come out  那只狗在照片上照得不清楚 he came out badly  他不上相b (of a photograph) be produced satisfactorily or in a specified way (照片)显影清楚  only three have come out  只有 3 张显影清楚的 they all came out well  所有照片显影效果都很好 6  attain a specified result in an examination etc. (在考试等中)取得…成绩 7 (of a stain etc.) be removed (污迹等)除去，消失 8  make one's debut in society 初进社交界 9 (foll. by 后跟 in)  be covered with 布满  came out in spots  布满了斑点 10 (of a problem) be solved (问题)被解决 11 (foll. by 后跟 with)  declare openly; disclose 公开宣布，透露□ come over   1  come from some distance or nearer to the speaker 从较远处来；到说话者跟前来  came over from Paris  从巴黎来的 come over here a moment  过来一下 2  change sides or one's opinion 改变立场(或观点) 3  a (of a feeling etc.) overtake or affect (a person) (指感觉等)打动某人；影响某人b Brit. colloq.  feel suddenly [英口]突然感到  came over faint  突然感到头晕 4  appear or sound in a specified way 显得，听起来  you came over very well  你显得气色很好 the ideas came over clearly  那些思想听起来很明白□ come round (or US also [美亦] around)   1  pay an informal visit 顺便访问 2  recover consciousness 苏醒 3  be converted to another person's opinion 转变观点(同意他人看法) 4 (of a date or regular occurrence) recur; be imminent again (日期或经常发生的事情)再度降临，再次发生□ come through   1  be successful; survive 成功；安然度过 2  be received by telephone (通过电话)传来 3  survive or overcome (a difficulty) 安然度过危机；克服困难  came through the ordeal  安然度过了一场磨难□ come to   1 (also 亦作 refl.)  recover consciousness 苏醒，清醒 2 Naut.  bring a vessel to a stop 【海】使(轮船)停住，停驶 3  reach in total; amount to 总数为，总计达 4 Brit. colloq.  stop being foolish [英口]别再冒傻气 5  have as a destiny; reach 命中注定会，达到…结果  what is the world coming to?  这个世界将会变成什么样子？□ come to hand   become available; be recovered 到手；重新得到□ come to light   see 见 LIGHT1 □ come to nothing   have no useful result in the end; fail 落空，失败□ come to pass   happen, occur 发生，出现□ come to rest   cease moving 停止移动，停止转动□ come to one's senses   see 见 SENSE □ come to that  colloq.  in fact; if that is the case [口]事实上；假如那样的话□ come under   1  be classified as or among 被包括在…之内；可在…下查到 2  be subject to (influence or authority) 受…的影响(或支配)□ come up   1  come to a place or position regarded as higher 上来，上升 2  attain wealth or position 发财；升迁  come up in the world  社会地位上升 3  a (of an issue, problem, etc.) arise; present itself; be mentioned or discussed (问题等)出现，发生；被提出，被讨论b (of an event etc.) occur, happen (事件等)发生，出现  coming up next on BBC1  (事件)随后将在英国广播公司第 1 套节目中报道 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  approach a person, esp. to talk (尤指为攀谈而)走近，走上前b (US also often foll. by [美亦]常后跟 on)  approach or draw near to a specified time, event, etc. (时间、事件等)即将到来  is coming up to eight o'clock  快要 8 点钟了 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  match (a standard etc.) 达到(某个标准等) 6 (foll. by 后跟 with)  produce (an idea etc.), esp. in response to a challenge (尤指在响应挑战时)想出(主意等) 7 (of a plant etc.) spring up out of the ground (指植物等)从地里长出 8  become brighter (e.g. with polishing); shine more brightly 变得更明亮(如擦亮)；闪着更亮的光□ come up against   be faced with or opposed by 碰到，遭到(反对)□ come upon   1  meet or find by chance 碰见，偶然发现 2  attack by surprise 袭击□ come what may   no matter what happens 无论如何，无论发生了什么□ have it coming to one  colloq.  be about to get one's deserts [口] (即将受到应得的惩罚等)活该，应得□ how come?  colloq.  how did that happen? [口]怎么会出这种事？□ if it comes to that   in that case 既然如此，假如那样的话□ to come   future; in the future 未来的，将来的  the year to come  未来的一年 many problems were still to come  还有许多问题将会出现 [Old English cuman from Germanic]

come-at-able /kʌmˈætəb(ə)l/ adj.  reachable, accessible 可达到的，可接近的，可得到的

comeback /ˈkʌmbæk/ n.  1  a return to a previous (esp. successful) state 恢复到原来(尤指成功)的状态；东山再起 2 slang  a retaliation or retort [俚语]报复；反驳 3 Austral.  a sheep bred from cross-bred and pure-bred parents for both wool and meat [澳]回交种羊

Comecon /ˈkɒmikɒn/ n. hist.  an economic association of East European countries [史义] (东欧国家)经济互助委员会 [abbreviation of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance]

comedian /kəˈmi:diən/ n.  1  a humorous entertainer on stage, television, etc. (舞台、电视等中的)滑稽演员，小丑 2  an actor in comedy 喜剧演员 3 slang  a buffoon; a foolish person [俚语]粗俗而愚蠢的人，傻瓜 [French comédien from comédie COMEDY]

comedienne /kəmi:diˈen, -me-/ n.  a female comedian 女喜剧演员，女滑稽演员 [French fem (as COMEDIAN)]

comedist /ˈkɒmədist/ n.  a writer of comedies 喜剧作家

comedo /ˈkɒmidəʊ, kəˈmi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. comedones /-ˈdəʊni:z/) Med.  a blackhead 【医】粉刺，黑头粉刺 [Latin, = glutton, from comedere ‘eat up’ (a name formerly given to parasitic worms, with reference to the wormlike matter which can be squeezed from a blackhead)]

comedown /ˈkʌmdaʊn/ n.  1  a loss of status; decline or degradation 落泊，潦倒，失势 2  a disappointment 沮丧，失望

comedy /ˈkɒmidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a play, film, etc., of an amusing or satirical character, usu. with a happy ending (戏剧、电影等)喜剧b  the dramatic genre consisting of works of this kind (cf. 参见 TRAGEDY 3) 喜剧体裁，喜剧作品  she excels in comedy  她擅长喜剧 2  an amusing or farcical incident or series of incidents in everyday life 喜剧性事件 3  humour, esp. in a work of art etc. (尤指艺术作品等中的)幽默，喜剧成分 □ comedic  /kəˈmi:dik, -ˈme-/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French comedie and Latin comoedia from Greek kōmōidia, kōmōidos ‘comic poet’, via kōmos ‘revel’]

comedy of manners n.  satirical portrayal of social behaviour, esp. of the upper classes 风尚喜剧(一种描写和讽刺社会时尚，尤其是上层社会时尚的喜剧)

come-hither attrib. adj. colloq. (of a look or manner) enticing, flirtatious [口] (指外表或举止)勾引的，诱惑的，调情的

comely /ˈkʌmli/ adj. (comelier, comeliest) (usu. of a woman) pleasant to look at (通常指女人)标致的，好看的 □ comeliness  /ˈkʌmlinis/ n.   [Middle English cumelich, cumli probably from becumelich, from BECOME]

come-on n. slang  a lure or enticement [俚语]引诱，诱惑

comer /ˈkʌmə/ n.  1  a person who comes, esp. as an applicant, participant, etc. 来者(尤指前来申请者、参加者等)  offered the job to the first comer  把工作给了先来的人 2 colloq.  a person likely to be a success [口]有希望成功的人

comestible /kəˈmestib(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) formal or joc.  food [正式] [诙]食物，食品 [Middle English via French and medieval Latin comestibilis from Latin comedere comest- ‘eat up’]

comet /ˈkɒmit/ n.  a small body of ice and dust moving around the solar system in an eccentric orbit, visible in the night sky with a tail of gas and dust when near the sun (and historically considered a supernatural omen) 彗星 □ cometary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French comete and Latin cometa from Greek komētes ‘long-haired (star)’]

come-uppance /kʌmˈʌp(ə)ns/ n. colloq.  one's deserved fate or punishment [口]报应，应得的惩罚  got his come-uppance  (他)遭到了报应 [COME + UP + -ANCE]

comfit /ˈkʌmfit/ n. archaic  a sweet consisting of a nut, seed, etc. coated in sugar [古义]糖果，蜜饯 [Middle English via Old French confit from Latin confectum, past part. of conficere ‘prepare’: see CONFECTION]

comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  consolation; relief in affliction 安慰，慰藉 2  a  a state of physical well-being; being comfortable 舒适，安逸  live in comfort  过着安逸的生活b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  things that make life easy or pleasant 使生活舒适的东西  has all the comforts  拥有所有使生活舒适的物品 3  a cause of satisfaction 满足的原因  a comfort to me that you are here  你在这儿使我感到满足 4  a person who consoles or helps one 给以安慰(或帮助)的人  he's a comfort to her in her old age  他在她老年时给了她安慰 5 US dial.  a warm quilt [美方] (暖和的)被子 ●v. tr.  1  soothe in grief; console 安慰，慰藉 2  make comfortable 使舒适，使舒服  comforted by the warmth of the fire  温暖的火炉让人感到舒适 □ comforting  adj.  □ comfortingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French confort(er) from Late Latin confortare ‘strengthen’ (as COM-, Latin fortis ‘strong’)]

comfortable /ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  ministering to comfort; giving ease 使舒服的，使舒适的  a comfortable pair of shoes  一双舒适的鞋子 2  free from discomfort; at ease 轻松的，自在的  I'm quite comfortable, thank you  我很舒服，谢谢你 3 colloq.  having an adequate standard of living; free from financial worry [口]宽裕的，小康的，无经济负担的 4  having an easy conscience 舒坦的，内心平静的  did not feel comfortable about refusing him  因拒绝他而感到心里不平静 5  with a wide margin 充裕的，相当大的  a comfortable win  绝对优势的胜利 ●n. US dial.  a warm quilt [美方] (温暖的)棉被 □ comfortableness  n.  □ comfortably  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French confortable (as COMFORT)]

comforter /ˈkʌmfətə/ n.  1  a person who comforts 安慰者 2 Brit.  a baby's dummy [英] (婴儿用的)橡皮奶头 3 archaic  a woollen scarf [古义]羊毛围巾 4 N. Amer.  a warm quilt [北美] (温暖的)棉被 [Middle English from Anglo-French confortour, Old French comfortëor (as COMFORT)]

comfortless /ˈkʌmfətlis/ adj.  1  dreary, cheerless 枯燥无味的，郁郁不乐的 2  without comfort 不舒适的

comfort station n. N. Amer. euphem.  a public lavatory [北美婉]公共厕所

comfrey /ˈkʌmfri/ n. (pl. -eys)  a plant of the genus Symphytum (borage family), esp. S. officinale, which has large hairy leaves and clusters of usu. white or purple bell-shaped flowers 聚合草(合生花属植物，叶阔多毛，开白色或紫色钟形花朵) [Middle English from Anglo-French cumfrie, ultimately from Latin conferva (as COM-, fervēre ‘boil together, heal’, referring to the plant's medicinal use)]

comfy /ˈkʌmfi/ adj. (comfier, comfiest) colloq.  comfortable [口]舒服的，舒适的 □ comfily  adv.  □ comfiness  n.   [abbreviation]

comic /ˈkɒmik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  of, or in the style of, comedy 喜剧的，具喜剧特征的  a comic actor  喜剧演员 comic opera  喜剧歌剧 2  causing or meant to cause laughter; funny 使人发笑的，滑稽的  comic to see his struggles  看他挣扎使人发笑 ●n.  1  a professional comedian (职业)喜剧演员 2  a  a children's periodical, mainly in the form of comic strips (儿童)连环漫画册b  a similar publication intended for adults (成人)连环漫画册c (in pl. 用复数) US  comic strips [美] (报刊上的)连环漫画栏 [Latin comicus from Greek kōmikos, from kōmos ‘revel’]

comical /ˈkɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  funny; causing laughter 滑稽的，使人发笑的 □ comicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ comically  adv.   [COMIC]

comic opera n.  1  an opera with much spoken dialogue, usu. with humorous treatment 喜歌剧 2  this genre of opera 喜歌剧体裁

comic strip n.  a horizontal series of drawings in a comic, newspaper, etc. telling a story (报刊上的)连环漫画

coming /ˈkʌmiŋ/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1  approaching, next 即将来临的，下一个的  in the coming week  在下星期 this coming Sunday  即将来临的这个星期日 2  of potential importance 可能重要的，有前途的  a coming man  前程远大的人 ●n.  arrival; approach 到达，来临 □ coming and going (or comings and goings)   activity, esp. intense (尤指频繁的)活动□ not know if one is coming or going   be confused from being very busy 忙得不可开交

Comintern /ˈkɒmintɜ:n/ n.  the Third International (see 见 INTERNATIONAL n. 2), a communist organization (1919 － 43) 第三国际，共产国际 [Russian Komintern from the Russian forms of communist, international]

comitadji /kɒmiˈtædʒi/ n. (also 亦作 komitadji, komitaji)  a member of an irregular band of soldiers in the Balkans (巴尔干半岛的)非正规军士兵，游击队队员 [Turkish komitaci, literally ‘member of a (revolutionary) committee’]

comity /ˈkɒmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  courtesy, civility; considerate behaviour towards others 礼貌，礼让，体谅他人的行为 2  a  an association of nations etc. for mutual benefit 国际大家庭(指国家之间为了共同利益而结成的联盟)b (in full 全称 comity of nations)  the mutual recognition by nations of the laws and customs of others 国际礼让(指互相尊重对方的法律、习惯等) [Latin comitas from comis ‘courteous’]

comma /ˈkɒmə/ n.  1  a punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence, or dividing items in a list, string of figures, etc. (标点符号)逗号(即，) 2 Mus.  a definite minute interval or difference of pitch 【音】间歇；音差 3 (in full 全称 comma butterfly)  a butterfly, Polygonia c-album, with a white comma-shaped mark on the underside of the hindwing 银纹多角蛱蝶(因后翅底面有逗号形斑点而得名) [Latin from Greek komma ‘clause’]

comma bacillus n.  a comma-shaped bacillus causing cholera 逗点形菌，霍乱弧菌(能引起霍乱病的逗点形细菌)

command /kəˈmɑ:nd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  give formal order or instructions to 命令，指示  commands us to obey  命令我们服从 commands that it be done  指示这件事必须完成 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  have authority or control over 管辖，控制 3 (often 常作 refl.)  restrain, master 抑制，征服 4  gain the use of; have at one's disposal or within reach (skill, resources, etc.) 拥有，掌握(技巧、资源等)  commands an extensive knowledge of history  掌握了广泛的历史知识 commands a salary of £ 40,000  拥有 4 万英镑的薪水 5  deserve and get (sympathy, respect, etc.) 值得，应得；博得(同情、尊重等) 6 Mil.  dominate (a strategic position) from a superior height; look down over 【军】俯临(战略要塞)，俯瞰 ●n.  1  an authoritative order; an instruction 命令，指挥 2  mastery, control, possession 掌握，控制，拥有  a good command of languages  熟练掌握多种语言 has command of the resources  控制了资源 3  the exercise or tenure of authority, esp. naval or military (尤指海军或陆军)指挥权的行使，指挥权的授予  has command of this ship  有权指挥这艘军舰 4 Mil. 【军】  a  a body of troops etc. 部队  Bomber Command  轰炸机兵团b  a district under a commander (在一个指挥官管辖下的)防区，军区  Western Command  西部防区 5 Computing 【计算】  a  an instruction causing a computer to perform one of its basic functions 指令，命令b  a signal initiating such an operation 指令信号 □ at command   ready to be used at will 可自由支配的□ at (or by) a person's command   in pursuance of a person's bidding 服从某人，听从某人的吩咐□ in command of   commanding; having under control 控制着，掌握着□ under command of   commanded by 由…指挥，在…的指挥下□ word of command   1 Mil.  an order for a movement in a drill etc. 【军】军令，(操练等动作的)口令 2  a pre-arranged spoken signal for the start of an operation (事先规定好的)开始信号 [Middle English via Anglo-French comaunder, Old French comander from Late Latin commandare COMMEND]

commandant /kɒmənˈdænt, ˈkɒməndænt; -ɑ:nt/ n.  a commanding officer, esp. of a particular force, military academy, etc. (尤指军队兵种的)指挥官，司令；(陆军军官学校的)校长 □ commandantship  n.   [French commandant, or Italian or Spanish commandante (as COMMAND)]

Commandant-in-Chief n. Brit.  the supreme commandant [英]总司令，最高指挥官

command economy n.  = PLANNED ECONOMY 

commandeer /kɒmənˈdiə/ v. tr.  1  seize (men or goods) for military purposes 强征(某人)入伍；征集(物品)作军用 2  take possession of without authority 强占，强取 [South African Dutch kommanderen from French commander COMMAND]

commander /kəˈmɑ:ndə/ n.  1  a person who commands , esp. 尤指 : 指挥官，司令官a  a naval officer next in rank below captain 海军中校b  = WING COMMANDER c  an officer in charge of a London police district (伦敦警务厅的)高级警官 2 (in full 全称 knight commander)  a member of a higher class in some orders of knighthood 高级骑士(爵士) 3  a large wooden mallet 大木槌 □ commandership  n.   [Middle English via Old French comandere, -eör from Romanic (as COMMAND)]

commander-in-chief n. (pl. commanders-in-chief)  the supreme commander, esp. of a nation's forces (尤指全国武装力量的)总司令

Commander of the Faithful n.  a title of a caliph 大主教(伊斯兰国家哈里发的称号)

commanding /kəˈmɑ:ndiŋ/ adj.  1  dignified, exalted, impressive 威严的，崇高的，引人注目的 2 (of a hill or other high point) giving a wide view (指山峰或其他制高点)视域广阔的 3 (of an advantage, a position, etc.) controlling; superior (有利条件、职位等)支配的，较高的  has a commanding lead  遥遥领先 □ commandingly  adv.  

commandment /kəˈmɑ:n(d)m(ə)nt/ n.  a divine command (上帝的)戒律，戒条 [Middle English from Old French comandement (as COMMAND)]

command module n.  the control compartment in a spacecraft (航天器的)指挥舱

commando /kəˈmɑ:ndəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mil. 【军】  1 (often 常作 Commando)  a  a unit of British amphibious shock troops (英国)两栖突击部队b  a member of such a unit 突击队队员c  a similar unit or member of such a unit elsewhere (其他地方的)两栖突击队 2  a  a party of men called out for military service 应征入伍的一组人b  a body of troops 部队 3 (作 attrib.)  of or concerning a commando 突击队的  a commando operation  一次突击队军事行动 [Portuguese, from commandar COMMAND]

Command Paper n. (in the UK) a paper laid before Parliament by command of the Crown (in practice, by the Government) (英国)敕令书(奉国王之命向议会提出的文件)

command performance n. (in the UK) a theatrical or film performance given by royal command (英国)御前演出，奉国王之命举行的演出

command post n.  the headquarters of a military unit (军事单位的)指挥所

comme ci, comme ça /kɒmˌsi: kɒmˈsɑ:/ adv. & adj.  so so; middling or middlingly 一般的(地)，中等的(地) [French, = like this, like that]

commedia dell'arte /kɒˈmeidiə delˈɑ:tei, 意 kɔmˈme:dia dɛlˈlartɛ/ n.  an improvised kind of popular comedy in Italian theatres in the 16th － 18th c., based on stock characters 即兴喜剧 (16 至 18 世纪流行于意大利的一种程式化喜剧) [Italian, = comedy of art]

comme il faut /ˌkɒm i:l ˈfəʊ, 法 kɔm il fo/ adj. & adv. ●predic. adj. (esp. of behaviour, etiquette, etc.) proper, correct. (尤指行为、礼节等)适当的，合礼仪的 ●adv.  properly, correctly 适当地，合礼仪地 [French, = as is necessary]

commemorate /kəˈmeməreit/ v. tr.  1  celebrate in speech or writing (用演讲或书面形式)庆祝 2  a  preserve in memory by some celebration 纪念b (of a stone, plaque, etc.) be a memorial of (石头、奖章等)作为…的纪念物 □ commemorative  /kəˈmem(ə)rətiv/ adj.  □ commemorator  n.   [Latin commemorare (as COM-, memorare ‘relate’ from memor ‘mindful’)]

commemoration /kəmeməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act of commemorating 纪念，庆祝 2  a service or part of a service in memory of a person, an event, etc. (对人、事件等的)纪念仪式，庆祝仪式 [Middle English from French commemoration or Latin commemoratio (as COMMEMORATE)]

commence /kəˈmens/ v. tr. & intr. formal  begin [正式]开始 [Middle English via Old French com(m)encier from Romanic (as COM-, Latin initiare INITIATE)]

commencement /kəˈmensm(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  a beginning 开始 2 esp. N. Amer.  a ceremony of degree conferment [尤北美]学位授予典礼 [Middle English from Old French (as COMMENCE)]

commend /kəˈmend/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  entrust, commit 委托，把…托付给  commends his soul to God  把他的灵魂托付给上帝 2  praise 表扬，称赞  commends her singing voice  称赞她的歌声 3 (often 常作 refl.)  recommend 推荐  idea commends itself  观点不言自明 has much to commend it  这件事很值得推荐 □ commend me to  archaic  remember me kindly to [古义]替我向…问候□ highly commended  (of a competitor etc.) just missing the top places (参赛选手等)离得奖只差一点点的 [Middle English from Latin commendare (as COM-, mendare = mandare ‘entrust’: see MANDATE)]

commendable /kəˈmendəb(ə)l/ adj.  praiseworthy 值得表扬的，值得称赞的 □ commendably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin commendabilis (as COMMEND)]

commendation /kɒmenˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act of commending or recommending (esp. a person to another's favour) 托付，推荐(尤指人) 2  praise 表扬，称赞 [Middle English via Old French from Latin commendatio (as COMMEND)]

commendatory /kɒˈmendət(ə)ri/ adj.  commending, recommending 表扬的，称赞的；推荐的 [Late Latin commendatorius (as COMMEND)]

commensal /kəˈmens(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Biol.  of, relating to, or exhibiting commensalism 【生】共栖的 2 (of a person) eating at the same table as another (指人)共餐的，同桌的 ●n.  1 Biol.  a commensal organism 【生】共栖体 2  a person who eats at the same table as another 共餐者，同桌者 □ commensality  /kɒmənˈsæliti/ n.   [Middle English from French commensal or medieval Latin commensalis (in sense 2) (as COM-, mensa ‘table’)]

commensalism /kəˈmens(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm 【生】共栖(现象)

commensurable /kəˈmenʃ(ə)rəb(ə)l, -sjə-/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  measurable by the same standard 可用同一标准衡量的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  proportionate to 相当的，相称的 3 Math. (of numbers) in a ratio equal to the ratio of integers 【数】(数)可通约的，可公度的；有公度的 □ commensurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ commensurably  adv.   [Late Latin commensurabilis (as COM-, MEASURE)]

commensurate /kəˈmenʃ(ə)rət, -sjə-/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  having the same size, duration, etc.; coextensive 大小相同的，持续时间相等的；做同等延伸的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  proportionate 相当的，相称的 □ commensurately  adv.   [Late Latin commensuratus (as COM-, MEASURE)]

comment /ˈkɒment/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a remark, esp. critical; an opinion 评论(尤指批评性评论)；意见  passed a comment on her hat  对她的帽子进行评论b  commenting; criticism 议论；非议，流言蜚语  his behaviour aroused much comment  他的行为引起了许多非议 an hour of news and comment  1 小时的新闻与评论 2  a  an explanatory note (e.g. on a written text) (对文章的)注解；评注b  written criticism or explanation (e.g. of a text) (书面)评论，评述 3 (of a play, book, etc.) a critical illustration; a parable (剧本、书等)评论性说明；写照  his art is a comment on society  他的艺术是社会的写照 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon, or that + clause)  make (esp. critical) remarks 进行(尤指批评性)评论  commented on her choice of friends  对她的择友评头论足 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  write explanatory notes 做注解；做评注 □ no comment  colloq.  I decline to answer your question [口]无可奉告□ commenter  n.   [Middle English from Latin commentum ‘contrivance’ (in Late Latin also = interpretation), neut. past part. of comminisci ‘devise’, or in later use from French commenter (v.)]

commentary /ˈkɒmənt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a set of explanatory or critical notes on a text etc. (对著作等的)系统注释，评注 2  a descriptive spoken account (esp. on radio or television) of an event or a performance as it happens (尤指广播或电视上的)实况评述 [Latin commentarius, -ium (adj. used as a noun) (as COMMENT)]

commentate /ˈkɒmənteit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  act as a commentator 当时事评论员；做解说 [back-formation from COMMENTATOR]

commentator /ˈkɒmənteitə/ n.  1  a person who provides a commentary on an event etc. 评论员，评论者 2  the writer of a commentary 评论文章的作者 3  a person who writes or speaks on current events (时事)评论员；解说员 [Latin from commentari, frequentative of comminisci ‘devise’]

commerce /ˈkɒmɜ:s/ n.  1  financial transactions, esp. the buying and selling of merchandise, on a large scale 商业，贸易 2  social intercourse 社交  the daily commerce of gossip and opinion  每日的小道消息和观点交流 3 archaic  sexual intercourse [古义]性交 [French commerce or Latin commercium (as COM-, mercium from merx mercis ‘merchandise’)]

commercial /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, engaged in, or concerned with, commerce 商业的，贸易的；从事商务的 2  having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic etc. value; philistine 商品化的，以营利为主要目的的；平庸的 3 (of chemicals) supplied in bulk more or less unpurified (指化学制品)大量供应但质量一般的 ●n.  1  a television or radio advertisement (电视或电台的)商业广告 2 Brit. archaic  a commercial traveller [英古义]旅行推销员 □ commerciality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ commercially  adv.  

commercial art n.  art used in advertising, selling, etc. (用于广告、销售等的)商业美术

commercial broadcasting n.  television or radio broadcasting in which programmes are financed by advertisements (靠广告资助的电视或电台)商业广播节目

commercialism /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principles and practice of commerce 商业主义，商业原则，商业行为 2 (esp. excessive) emphasis on financial profit as a measure of worth (尤指过份注重商业利润的)营利主义

commercialize /kəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  exploit or spoil for the purpose of gaining profit 为营利而开发；为营利而降低质量 2  make commercial 使商品化，使商业化 □ commercialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

commercial space  see 见 SPACE n. 6b 

commercial traveller n. Brit.  a firm's travelling salesman or saleswoman who visits shops to get orders [英]旅行推销员

commercial vehicle n.  a vehicle used for carrying goods or fare-paying passengers 商用车辆，营运车辆

Commie /ˈkɒmi/ n. slang derog.  a Communist [俚语] [贬]共产党员，共产主义者 [abbreviation]

commination /kɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the threatening of divine vengeance 天谴的威吓 2  a  the recital of divine threats against sinners in the Anglican Liturgy for Ash Wednesday (英国圣公会圣灰星期三礼拜仪式中)对罪人将受天谴的威吓吟诵b  the service that includes this 天谴的威吓仪式 [Middle English from Latin comminatio, from comminari ‘threaten’]

comminatory /ˈkɒminət(ə)ri/ adj.  threatening, denunciatory 威吓的，威胁的 [medieval Latin comminatorius (as COMMINATION)]

commingle /kɒˈmiŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr. literary  mingle together [文学用语]搀和，混合；合并

comminute /ˈkɒminju:t/ v. tr.  1  reduce to small fragments 捣碎，研碎，切碎 2  divide (property) into small portions 把(财产)分割成小份 □ comminution  /-ˈnju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin comminuere comminut- (as COM-, minuere ‘lessen’)]

comminuted fracture n.  a fracture producing multiple bone splinters 粉碎性骨折

commis /ˈkɒmi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /ˈkɒmi, ˈkɒmiz/)  a junior chef or Brit. waiter 助理厨师；[英]侍者 [originally = deputy, clerk, from French, past part. of commettre ‘entrust’ (as COMMIT)]

commiserate /kəˈmizəreit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  express or feel pity 表示同情，感到怜悯 2 tr. archaic  express or feel pity for [古义]对…同情，对…怜悯  commiserate you on your loss  对你的损失表示同情 □ commiseration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ commiserative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ commiserator  n.   [Latin commiserari (as COM-, miserari ‘pity’ from miser ‘wretched’)]

commissar /kɒmiˈsɑ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  an official of the Soviet Communist Party responsible for political education and organization (前苏联共产党的)政治委员，政委 2  the head of a government department in the USSR before 1946 人民委员 (1946 年以前苏联政府部长的旧称) [Russian komissar from French commissaire (as COMMISSARY)]

commissariat /kɒmiˈsɛəriət/ n.  1 esp. Mil. (尤)【军】  a  a department for the supply of food etc. 军需处(部队的给养部门)b  the food supplied 给养品 2 hist.  a government department of the USSR before 1946 [史义]人民委员部 (1946 年以前苏联政府各部的旧称) [French commissariat and medieval Latin commissariatus (as COMMISSARY)]

commissary /ˈkɒmis(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a deputy or delegate 代理人，代表 2  a representative or deputy of a bishop 代理主教 3 Mil.  an officer responsible for the supply of food etc. to soldiers 【军】军需官 4 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a restaurant in a film studio etc. (电影制片厂的)餐厅，食堂b  the food supplied (餐厅供应的)食品 5 N. Amer. Mil.  a store for the supply of food etc. to soldiers [北美]【军】(军营的)食品杂货店 □ commissarial  /-ˈsɛəriəl/ adj.  □ commissaryship  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin commissarius ‘person in charge’ (as COMMIT)]

commission /kəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the authority to perform a task or certain duties 授权，委托(任务或职责)b  a person or group entrusted esp. by a government with such authority (由政府委任的)委员；委员会  set up a commission to look into it  成立一个委员会来调查这件事情c  an instruction, command, or duty given to such a group or person 所委职责，委托事项，任务  their commission was to simplify the procedure  他们的职责是简化该程序 my commission was to find him  我的任务是找到他 2  an order for something, esp. a work of art, to be produced specially (尤指艺术作品)委托制作 3 Mil. 【军】  a  a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force (陆、海、空军军官资格的)委任状，授衔令b  the rank so conferred 军官资格，军衔 4  a  the authority to act as agent for a company etc. in trade (贸易公司)代理人的委任b  a percentage paid to the agent from the profits of goods etc. sold, or business obtained 回扣  his salary is low, but he gets 20% commission  他的薪水并不高，可他有 20% 的回扣c  the pay of a commissioned agent 佣金 5  the act of committing (a crime, sin, etc.) 做(违法之事)，犯(罪) 6  the office or department of a commissioner 委员办公室，行政长官办公处 ●v. tr.  1  authorize or empower by a commission 委任，委托，授权 2  a  give (an artist etc.) a commission for a piece of work 委托(艺术家等)画画b  order (a work) to be written 委托(某人)写作品  commissioned a new concerto  委托写一首协奏曲 3 Naut. 【海】  a  give (an officer) the command of a ship 授权(某军官)为舰长b  prepare (a ship) for active service 将(船)编入现役 4  bring (a machine, equipment, etc.) into operation 将(机器、设备等)投入运行 □ in commission  (of a warship etc.) manned, armed, and ready for service (军舰等)准备好服现役□ out of commission  (esp. of a ship) not in service; not in working order (尤指军舰)退出服役，不能使用 [Middle English via Old French from Latin commissio -onis (as COMMIT)]

commission agent n. Brit.  a bookmaker [英] (赛马)赌注登记经纪人

commissionaire /kəmiʃəˈnɛə/ n. esp. Brit.  a uniformed door attendant at a theatre, cinema, etc. [尤英] (剧场、影院等)穿制服的看门人 [French (as COMMISSIONER)]

commissioner /kəˈmiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person appointed by a commission to perform a specific task, e.g. the head of the London police, a delegate to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, etc. 专员，特派员(如伦敦警察局局长，苏格兰国教会全体大会代表等) 2 (esp. in titles) a person appointed as a member of a government commission (尤用于官衔)政府部门的长官，委员会委员  Charity Commissioner  慈善委员会委员 Civil Service Commissioner  公务行政长官 3  a representative of the supreme authority in a district, department, etc. (地区、部门等)政府代表，专员，特派员 [Middle English from medieval Latin commissionarius (as COMMISSION)]

Commissioner for Oaths n. Brit.  a solicitor authorized to administer an oath to a person making an affidavit [英]宣誓公证人，受权为他人宣誓作证的律师

commission of the peace n. Brit. [英]  1  Justices of the Peace 治安法官 2  the authority given to them 治安法官的权力

commissure /ˈkɒmisjʊə/ n.  1  a junction, joint, or seam 接合，连接，接缝 2 Anat. 【解】  a  the joint between two bones 关节b  a band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, the two sides of the spinal cord, etc. (与大脑半球脊髓的两侧连接的)神经组织c  the line where the upper and lower lips, or eyelids, meet 口缝；眼缝 3 Bot.  a joint etc. between different parts of a plant 【植】节，段节 □ commissural  /kɒmiˈsjʊər(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin commissura ‘junction’ (as COMMIT)]

commit /kəˈmit/ v. tr. (committed, committing)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  entrust or consign for: a  safe keeping 把…托付给…照管  I commit him to your care  我把他托付给你照管b  treatment, usu. destruction 把…交给…处理(通常指销毁)  committed the book to the flames  把书付之一炬 2  perpetrate, do (esp. a crime, sin, or blunder) 犯(罪)；做(错事、坏事、傻事) 3  pledge, involve, or bind (esp. oneself) to a certain course or policy 使(尤指自己)做出保证，承担义务  does not like committing herself  不愿意让自己作出保证 committed by the vow he had made  受他的誓言约束 4 (as 作 committed adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  morally dedicated or politically aligned (道德上)奉献的；(政治上)结盟的  a committed Christian  甘愿奉献的基督教徒 committed to the cause  献身于该事业 a committed socialist  结盟的社会主义者b  obliged (to take certain action) 保证承担义务的  felt committed to staying there  觉得有义务留在那里 5 Polit.  refer (a bill etc.) to a committee 【政】把(议案等)提交(给委员会) □ commit to memory   learn (a thing) so as to be able to recall it 把…记住，把…背熟□ commit to prison   consign officially to custody, esp. on remand 收审，下狱(尤指在押候审)□ committable  adj.  □ committer  n.   [Middle English from Latin committere ‘join, entrust’ (as COM-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

commitment /kəˈmitm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an engagement or (esp. financial) obligation that restricts freedom of action 承诺；(尤指)财政义务 2  the process or an instance of committing oneself; a pledge or undertaking 许诺的过程，承担的义务

committal /kəˈmit(ə)l/ n.  1  the act of committing a person to an institution, esp. prison or a psychiatric hospital 托付，交付；(尤指)收监，下狱；送精神病院 2  the burial of a corpse (尸体的)下葬

committee /kəˈmiti/ n.  1  a  a body of persons appointed for a specific function by, and usu. out of, a larger body (通常由较大团体委派以执行特殊任务的)委员会b  such a body appointed by Parliament etc. to consider the details of proposed legislation (议会任命的)立法委员会c (作 Committee) (in the UK) the whole House of Commons when sitting as a committee (英国)下院全体委员会 2 /kɒmiˈti:/ Law  a person entrusted with the charge of another person or another person's property 【法律】监护人 [COMMIT + -EE]

committee man n. (fem. committee woman)  a member of a committee, esp. a habitual member of committees 委员，委员会成员(尤指常务委员)

committee stage n. Brit.  the third of five stages of a bill's progress through Parliament when it may be considered in detail and amendments made [英]委员会阶段(议会审议和修改议案 5 个阶段中的第 3 个阶段)

commix /kɒˈmiks/ v. tr. & intr. archaic or poet.  mix [古义] [诗]混合，搀和 □ commixture  n.   [Middle English: back-formation from commixt, past part., from Latin commixtus (as COM-, MIXED)]

commode /kəˈməʊd/ n.  1  a chest of drawers 五斗橱 2 (also 亦作 night-commode)  a  a bedside table with a cupboard containing a chamber pot (床头可以放置便盆的)床头柜b  a chamber pot concealed in a chair with a hinged cover (坐式)抽水马桶c US [美]  = LAVATORY 1  3  = CHIFFONIER 1  [French (adj. used as a noun), from Latin commodus ‘convenient’ (as COM-, modus ‘measure’)]

commodification /kəˌmɒdifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the action of turning something or treating something as a (mere) commodity 商品化 □ commodify  /kəˈmɒdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  使商品化 [COMMODITY; see -FICATION]

commodious /kəˈməʊdiəs/ adj.  1  roomy and comfortable 宽敞舒适的 2 archaic  convenient [古义]方便的，便利的 □ commodiously  adv.  □ commodiousness  n.   [French commodieux or from medieval Latin commodiosus, from Latin commodus (as COMMODE)]

commodity /kəˈmɒditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an article or raw material that can be bought and sold, esp. a product as opposed to a service 商品，货物(尤指区别于服务的产品) 2  a useful thing 有用的东西，用品 [Middle English from Old French commodité or from Latin commoditas (as COMMODE)]

commodore /ˈkɒmədɔ:/ n.  1  a naval officer above a captain and below a rear admiral 海军准将 2  the commander of a squadron or other division of a fleet (海军分遣舰队)指挥官 3  the president of a yacht club (游艇俱乐部)主席 4  the senior captain of a shipping line (商船队中)资深船长 [probably via Dutch komandeur from French commandeur COMMANDER]

Commodore-in-Chief n. Brit.  the supreme officer in the Royal Air Force [英]皇家空军总司令(皇家空军最高指挥官)

common /ˈkɒmən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (commoner, commonest)  1  a  occurring often 通常的，日常的  a common mistake  一个常见错误b  ordinary; of ordinary qualities; without special rank or position 普通的，(质量)一般的；平民的，无特殊地位的  no common mind  不一般的头脑 common soldier  普通士兵 the common people  平民百姓 2  a  shared by, coming from, or done by, more than one 共享的，共用的，共同的  common knowledge  众所周知的事情 by common consent  一致同意 our common benefit  我们的共同利益b  belonging to, open to, or affecting, the whole community or the public 公共的，公众的  common land  公地 3 derog. low-class; vulgar; inferior [贬]下层社会的；粗俗的；劣等的，次等的  a common little man  一个粗俗的小人物 4  of the most familiar type 最普通的，最常见的  common cold  普通感冒 common nightshade  最常见的茄属植物 5 Math.  belonging to two or more quantities 【数】公共的，共同的  common denominator  公分母 common factor  公因数 6 Gram. (of gender) referring to individuals of either sex (e.g. 如 teacher 教师) 【语法】(指名词或代词的性)通性的 7 Prosody (of a syllable) that may be either short or long 【诗体】(音节)长短共通的 8 Mus.  having two or four beats, esp. four crotchets, in a bar 【音】普通节拍的 (2 拍或 4 拍，尤指每小节中 4 个 4 分音符) 9 Law (of a crime) of lesser importance (cf. 参见 GRAND adj. 8, PETTY 4) 【法律】(指罪行)普通的，比较轻的 ●n.  1  a piece of open public land, esp. in a village or town (尤指村镇等的)公地 2 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = COMMON SENSE use your common  利用你的常识  3 Eccl.  a service used for each of a group of occasions 【教会】(适用于各种节日的)普通礼拜 4 (in full 全称 right of common) Law  a person's right over another's land, e.g. for pasturage 【法律】(对他人土地，如牧场的)共用权 □ common ground   a point or argument accepted by both sides in a dispute (争论双方都接受的)共同观点，共同论点□ common or garden  Brit. colloq.  ordinary [英口]普通的，一般的，常见的□ in common   1  in joint use; shared 共用的；共享的 2  of joint interest 有共同利益的  have little in common  没有什么相同之处□ in common with   in the same way as 与…一样□ out of the common  Brit.  unusual [英]异乎寻常的□ commonly  adv.  □ commonness  /ˈkɒmənnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French comun from Latin communis]

commonable /ˈkɒmənəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an animal) that may be pastured on common land (牲畜)准许在公地上放牧的 2 (of land) that may be held in common (土地)公有的，共用的 [obsolete common ‘to exercise right of common’ + -ABLE]

commonage /ˈkɒmənidʒ/ n.  1  = right of common (see 见 COMMON n. 4)  2  a  land held in common 公地b  the state of being held in common (土地的)共有，共有权 3  the common people; commonalty 平民，老百姓

commonality /kɒməˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the sharing of an attribute 共性，共同特征 2  a common occurrence 常见的事，普通的事 3  = COMMONALTY  [variant of COMMONALTY]

commonalty /ˈkɒmən(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the common people 平民，老百姓 2  the general body (esp. of humankind) (尤指人类的)共同团体，集团 3  a corporate body 法人团体 [Middle English via Old French comunalté from medieval Latin communalitas -tatis (as COMMON)]

common carrier n.  a person or firm undertaking to transport any goods or person in a specified category 公共运输商(或公司), 公共承运人

common chord n. Mus.  any note with its major or minor third and perfect fifth 【音】普通和弦(三和弦的别称)

common crier n.  = TOWN CRIER 

common denominator n.  1  a common multiple of the denominators of several fractions 公分母 2  a common feature of members of a group 共同点，共同特征

commoner /ˈkɒmənə/ n.  1  one of the common people, as opposed to the aristocracy (与贵族相对的)平民百姓 2  a person who has the right of common (对他人土地)享有共有权的人 3  a student at a British university who does not have a scholarship (英国大学中不享受奖学金的)自费生 [Middle English from medieval Latin communarius, from communa (as COMMUNE1)]

Common Era n.  the Christian era 基督纪元，公元

commonhold /ˈkɒmənhəʊld/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Brit.  the freehold tenure of a flat within a multi-occupancy building, but with shared responsibility for common services [英] (多人合租楼房中某一套房子的)不动产保有权 □ commonholder  n.  

common jury n.  a jury with members of no particular social standing (cf. 参见 SPECIAL JURY) 普通陪审团

common law n.  law derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes (cf. 参见 CASE LAW, STATUTE LAW) 普通法，习惯法，判例法

common-law husband n. (fem. common-law wife)  1  a partner in a marriage recognized in some jurisdictions as valid by common law, though not brought about by a civil or ecclesiastical ceremony 事实婚姻中的男方 2 colloq.  a partner in a relationship in which a man and woman cohabit for a period long enough to suggest stability [口]同居婚姻中的男方

common logarithm n.  a logarithm to the base 10 常用对数

Common Market n.  the European Community 欧洲共同市场

common metre n.  a hymn stanza of four lines with 8, 6, 8, and 6 syllables 普通格律(四行诗各行音节数为 8 、 6 、 8 、 6 的格律)

common noun n. (also 亦作 common name) Gram.  a name denoting a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular individual (e.g. 如 boy 男孩 , chocolate 巧克力 , beauty 美丽) 【语法】普通名词

commonplace /ˈkɒmənpleis/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lacking originality; trite 无创见的，平庸的；陈腐的 ●n.  1  a  an everyday saying; a platitude 陈词滥调，老生常谈  uttered a commonplace about the weather  寒暄了几句有关天气的客套话b  an ordinary topic of conversation 普通话题 2  anything usual or trite 寻常的事情，平庸的东西 3  a notable passage in a book etc. copied into a commonplace book (抄录在札记簿中的)名言段落 □ commonplaceness  n.   [translation of Latin locus communis = Greek koinos topos ‘general theme’]

commonplace book n.  a book into which notable extracts from other works are copied for personal use (把其他著作中的精辟名言抄录下来的)札记簿，摘抄簿

Common Prayer n.  the Church of England liturgy originally set forth in the Book of Common Prayer of Edward VI (1549), esp. as revised in 1662 (尤指 1662 年修改过的英国国教会祈祷书中的)公祷文

common property n.  a thing known by most people 众所周知的事情

common room n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a room in some colleges, schools, etc., which members may use for relaxation or work (学校里的)师生公共休息室 2  the members who use this 公共休息室里的师生

commons /ˈkɒmənz/ n. pl.  1 (作 the Commons)  = HOUSE OF COMMONS  2  a  the common people 平民百姓b (prec. by 前接 the)  the common people regarded as a part of a political, esp. British, system (尤指英国被看作政治制度一部分的)平民阶层 3  provisions shared in common; daily fare 集体伙食，每天的伙食 [Middle English, pl. of COMMON]

common salt  see 见 SALT n. 1 

common seal1 n.  a seal, Phoca vitulina, of northern oceans, with a mottled grey coat 海豹(海豹属动物，产于北冰洋，其毛皮为灰色，有斑点) [SEAL2]

common seal2 n.  the official seal of a corporate body (法人团体的)公章 [SEAL1]

common sense n.  sound practical sense, esp. in everyday matters (尤指日常生活中的)常识 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : a common-sense approach  一种常识性的方法

commonsensical /kɒmənˈsensik(ə)l/ adj.  possessing or marked by common sense 常识性的；通情达理的 [common sense (see COMMON)]

Common Serjeant n.  a circuit judge of the Central Criminal Court with duties in the City of London (在伦敦旧城区值班的中心刑事法庭)巡回法院法官

common soldier  see 见 SOLDIER n. 2 

common stock n. pl. N. Amer. [北美]  = ORDINARY SHARE 

common valerian  see 见 VALERIAN 1a 

common weal n.  public welfare 公益，公共福利

commonweal /ˈkɒmənwi:l/ n. archaic [古义]  1  = COMMON WEAL  2  = COMMONWEALTH 1a 

commonwealth /ˈkɒmənwelθ/ n.  1  a  an independent state or community, esp. a democratic republic 共和政体(尤指民主共和国)b  such a community or organization of shared interests in a non-political field (由共同兴趣组成的非政治性)团体，协会，界  the commonwealth of learning  学术界 2 (作 the Commonwealth)  a (in full 全称 the Commonwealth of Nations)  an international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies 英联邦(包括英国及其自治领和其他一些独立了的成员国)b  the republican period of government in Britain 1649 － 60 (1649 至 1660 年的)英国共和政体c  a part of the title of Puerto Rico and some of the states of the US 自治政区(波多黎各及美国其他州的地方自治政体名称的一部分)d  the title of the federated Australian states 联邦(澳大利亚联邦的名称) [COMMON + WEALTH]

Commonwealth Day n.  a day each year commemorating the British Commonwealth 大英联邦日  formerly called 旧称 Empire Day 

common year  see 见 YEAR 2 

commotion /kəˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a confused and noisy disturbance or outburst 混乱，骚动b  loud and confusing noise 喧闹 2  a civil insurrection 起义，暴动，叛乱 [Middle English from Old French commotion or Latin commotio (as COM-, MOTION)]

communal /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)l, kəˈmju:-/ adj.  1  relating to or benefiting a community; for common use 公有的，公共的，共用的  communal baths  公用浴池 2 (of conflicts etc.) between different esp. ethnic or religious communities (指冲突等)对立种族之间的，对立教派之间的  communal violence  对立教派暴力冲突 3  of a commune, esp. the Paris Commune 公社的，(尤指)巴黎公社的 □ communality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ communally  adv.   [French from Late Latin communalis (as COMMUNE1)]

communalism /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a principle of political organization based on federated communes 公社主义，公社制 2  the principle of communal ownership etc. 公社制的原则 □ communalist  n.  □ communalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

communalize /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)laiz, kəˈmju:nəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make communal 使公有化，使公社化，使集体化 □ communalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

communard /ˈkɒmjʊnɑ:d/ n.  1  a member of a commune 公社社员 2 (also 亦作 Communard) hist.  a supporter of the Paris Commune [史义]巴黎公社的拥护者 [French (as COMMUNE1)]

commune1 /ˈkɒmju:n/ n.  1  a  a group of people, not necessarily related, sharing living accommodation, goods, etc., esp. as a political act (尤指作为政治行为的)公社b  a communal settlement esp. for the pursuit of shared interests (尤指志同道合者的)聚居区 2  a  the smallest French territorial division for administrative purposes 市镇(法国最小的行政单位)b  a similar division elsewhere 市镇(其他地方类似的行政单位) 3 (作 the Commune)  the communalistic government in Paris in 1871 (1871 年的)巴黎公社 [French from medieval Latin communia, neut. pl. of Latin communis ‘common’]

commune2 /kəˈmju:n/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  speak confidentially and intimately 亲密交谈，谈心  communed together about their loss  一起谈论他们的损失 communed with his heart  推心置腹地交谈b  feel in close touch (with nature etc.) 陶醉于(自然等)，与…亲近  communed with the hills  陶醉于群山之中 2 N. Amer.  receive Holy Communion [北美]领受圣餐 [Middle English from Old French comuner ‘share’, from comun COMMON]

communicable /kəˈmju:nikəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a disease) able to be passed on (尤指疾病)传染性的，可传染的 2 archaic  communicative [古义]健谈的；善于交流的 □ communicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ communicably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French communicable or Late Latin communicabilis (as COMMUNICATE)]

communicant /kəˈmju:nik(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person who receives Holy Communion, esp. regularly (尤指定期)领受圣餐者 2  a person who imparts information 传达信息者，提供信息者，检举人 [Latin communicare communicant- (as COMMON)]

communicate /kəˈmju:nikeit/ v.  1 tr.  a  transmit or pass on by speaking or writing 传达，传递，传播  communicated his ideas  传达他的思想b  transmit (heat, motion, etc.) 传导(热量)；传输(运动)c  pass on (an infectious illness) 传染(疾病)d  impart (feelings etc.) non-verbally 显露(感情等)  communicated his affection  显露出他的情感 2 intr.  be in communication; succeed in conveying information, evoking understanding, etc. 通讯，通话；(成功地)传递信息；使明白  he communicates well  他把自己的观点表达得很清楚 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  share a feeling or understanding; relate socially 交流感情，交际 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a room etc.) have a common door (房间等)相通，有通门  my room communicates with yours  我的房间和你的相通 5  a tr.  administer Holy Communion to 给予圣餐b intr.  receive Holy Communion 领受圣餐 □ communicator  n.  □ communicatory  adj.   [Latin communicare communicat- (as COMMON)]

communication /kəmju:niˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of imparting, esp. news (尤指消息的)传达，传递，传播b  an instance of this 传达信息的实例c  the information etc. communicated 信息，消息，书信 2  a means of connecting different places, such as a door, passage, road, or railway 交通途径(如门、过道、公路、铁路) 3  social intercourse 交际，交往，交流，联系  it was difficult to maintain communication in the uproar  喧闹声中很难保持交流 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the science and practice of transmitting information esp. by electronic or mechanical means (尤指用电子或机械方法)通信，通讯 5 (in pl. 用复数) Mil.  the means of transport between a base and the front 【军】(基地与前线间的)交通系统，交通壕 6 Brit.  a paper read to a learned society [英] (向学术团体宣读的)论文 □ communicational  adj. (in senses 1 and 3 用于释义 1 和 3)  

communication cord n. Brit.  a cord or chain in a railway carriage that may be pulled to stop the train in an emergency [英] (火车车厢内紧急刹车用的)警报索链

communication satellite n. (also 亦作 communications satellite)  an artificial satellite used to relay telephone circuits or broadcast programmes 通信卫星

communication theory n.  the study of the principles and methods by which information is conveyed 传播(学)理论

communicative /kəˈmju:nikətiv/ adj.  1  open, talkative, informative 坦率的；健谈的；提供消息的 2  ready to communicate 好社交的 □ communicatively  adv.   [Late Latin communicativus (as COMMUNICATE)]

communion /kəˈmju:njən/ n.  1  a sharing, esp. of thoughts etc.; fellowship (尤指思想感情等的)交流，交际；交情，友谊  their minds were in communion  他们的心息息相通 2  participation; a sharing in common 参与；分享，共享  communion of interests  利益共享 3 (作 Communion, Holy Communion)  a  the Eucharist 圣餐b  participation in the Communion service 参与圣餐仪式c (作 attrib.)  of or used in the Communion service 圣餐仪式的，用于圣餐仪式的  Communion table  圣餐台，祭坛 Communion rail  领圣餐的围栏，祭坛前的围栏 4  mutual recognition among branches of the Church (教派之间的)相互承认  in communion with Rome  与罗马教会相互承认 5  a body or group within the Christian faith 宗教教派，教会  the Anglican communion  基督教圣公会 [Middle English from Old French communion or Latin communio, from communis ‘common’]

communion of saints n.  fellowship between Christians living and dead 圣徒相通(指通过洗礼与耶稣基督合成一体的全体信徒之间的团契)

communiqué /kəˈmju:nikei/ n.  an official communication, esp. a news report 官方公报；(尤指)新闻公报 [French, = communicated]

communism /ˈkɒmjʊniz(ə)m/ n.  1  a political theory advocating a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid and works according to his or her needs and abilities 共产主义，共产主义理论 2 (usu. 通常作 Communism)  a  the communistic form of society established in the former USSR and elsewhere (前苏联及其他国家所建立的)共产主义社会b  any movement or political doctrine advocating communism, esp. Marxism 共产主义运动；共产主义学说(尤指马克思主义) 3  = COMMUNALISM  [French communisme from commun COMMON]

communist /ˈkɒmjʊnist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person advocating or practising communism 共产主义者；共产主义的支持者 2 (作 Communist)  a member of a Communist Party 共产党党员 ●adj.  of or relating to communism 共产主义的；关于共产主义的  a communist play  一出有关共产主义的戏剧 □ communistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [COMMUNISM]

communitarian /kəmju:niˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a communistic community 共产主义社会的成员 ●adj.  of or relating to such a community 关于共产主义社会的 [COMMUNITY + -ARIAN on the pattern of unitarian etc.]

community /kəˈmju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  all the people living in a specific locality (同一地区的)全体居民b  a specific locality, including its inhabitants 社区，社会 2  a body of people having a religion, a profession, etc., in common (宗教或职业等的)团体，界  the immigrant community  移民团体 3  fellowship of interests etc.; similarity (利益的)一致，共同性，相似性  community of intellect  知识界的共性 4  a monastic, socialistic, etc. body practising common ownership (实行公有制的)僧侣团体，社会主义者团体 5  joint ownership or liability 共有，共享，共同责任  community of goods  货物的共有 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  the public 公众 7  a body of nations unified by common interests (国家间的)共同体 8 Ecol.  a group of animals or plants living or growing together in the same area 【态】(动植物的)群落 [Middle English via Old French comuneté from Latin communitas -tatis (as COMMON)]

community architect n.  an architect working in consultation with the local community in designing housing and other amenities 社区建筑师(指与社区当局协商设计房屋和其他便利设施的建筑师) □ community architecture  n.  

community centre n.  a place providing social etc. facilities for a neighbourhood 社区活动中心，公共会堂

community charge n. hist. (in the UK) a short-lived tax levied locally on every adult in a community, replaced in 1993 by the council tax [史义] (英国)社区成人税，人头税 (1993 年为市政税所取代)

community chest n.  a fund for charity and welfare work in a community 社区慈善福利基金

community college n. esp. N. Amer.  a college providing further and higher education for members of the local community [尤北美] (为社区成员提供进修及高等教育的)社区学院

community home n. Brit.  a centre for housing young offenders and other juveniles in need of custodial care [英]失足青少年教养所

community policing n.  policing by officers intended to have personal knowledge of the community which they police 社区治安警务(指警官为亲自了解所辖社区的治安情况而进行的监督管理) □ community policeman  n.  

community service n.  work, esp. voluntary and unpaid, or stipulated by a community service order, in the community 社区服务(尤指自愿无报酬的或者法院社区服务指令所规定的劳动)

community service order n. Brit.  an order for a convicted offender to perform a period of unpaid work in the community [英]社区服务命令(法院命令已定罪的犯人在社区进行无偿劳动的命令)

community singing n.  singing by a large crowd or group, esp. of old popular songs or hymns 团体大合唱(尤指合唱老的流行歌曲或圣歌)

community spirit n.  a feeling of belonging to a community, expressed in mutual support etc. 社区精神，团体精神(表现为相互帮助等)

community worker n.  a person who works in a community to promote its welfare 社区工作者

communize /ˈkɒmjʊnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (land etc.) common property 使(土地等)公有化 2  make (a person etc.) communistic 使(人等)信仰共产主义 □ communization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin communis COMMON]

commutable /kəˈmju:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  convertible into money; exchangeable 可转换成现金的；可兑换的 2 Law (of a punishment) able to be commuted 【法律】(刑罚)可减轻的 3  within commuting distance 在通勤距离之内的 □ commutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin commutabilis (as COMMUTE)]

commutate /ˈkɒmjʊteit/ v. tr. Electr. 【电】  1  regulate the direction of (an alternating current), esp. to make it a direct current 将(交流电)整流 2  reverse the direction (of an electric current) 使(电流)换向 [Latin commutare commutat- (as COMMUTE)]

commutation /kɒmjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of commuting or being commuted (in legal and exchange senses) 代偿，代偿的钱(即以罚款来抵偿强迫劳役)；交换，兑换 2 Electr.  the act or process of commutating or being commutated 【电】换向；整流 3 Math.  the reversal of the order of two quantities 【数】交换(两个量的顺序) [French commutation or Latin commutatio (as COMMUTE)]

commutative /kəˈmju:tətiv, ˈkɒmjʊtətiv/ adj.  1  relating to or involving substitution 交换的，兑换的；代偿的 2 Math.  unchanged in result by the interchange of the order of quantities 【数】交换的(指交换数量的顺序而不改变计算结果) [French commutatif or medieval Latin commutativus (as COMMUTE)]

commutator /ˈkɒmjʊteitə/ n.  1 Electr.  a device for reversing electric current 【电】换向器，转换器 2  an attachment connected with the armature of a dynamo which directs and makes continuous the current produced 整流子(指连接在发电机电枢上调整电流方向的装置)

commute /kəˈmju:t/ v.  1 intr.  travel to and from one's daily work, usu. in a city, esp. by car or train (尤指在市内)乘坐公交车辆上下班 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) Law  change (a judicial sentence etc.) to another less severe 【法律】减轻(刑罚等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, for)  a  change (one kind of payment) for another 折付，折偿b  make a payment etc. to change (an obligation etc.) for another 代偿，替代(指用罚款抵偿责任) 4 tr.  a  exchange; interchange (two things) 兑换(货币)；交换(物品)b  change (to another thing) 替换(成他物) 5 tr. Electr.  commutate 【电】换向；整流 6 intr. Math.  have a commutative relation 【数】交换 [Latin commutare commutat- (as COM-, mutare ‘change’)]

commuter /kəˈmju:tə/ n.  a person who travels some distance to work, esp. in a city, usu. by car or train 通勤者，(市内)乘坐公交车辆上下班者

commère /ˈkɒmɛə/ n. Brit.  a female compère [英] (演出或节目的)女主持人 [French, fem. of COMPÈRE]

Comoros   科摩罗

comose /ˈkəʊməʊs/ adj. Bot. (of seeds etc.) having hairs; downy 【植】(种子等)有绒毛的 [Latin comosus (as COMA2)]

comp /kɒmp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 Brit.  a competition [英]竞争；竞赛 2 Printing  a compositor 【印刷】排字工人 3 Mus.  an accompaniment 【音】伴奏；伴唱 ●v.  1 Mus. 【音】  a tr.  accompany 为…伴奏b intr.  play an accompaniment 伴奏 2 Printing 【印刷】  a intr.  work as a compositor 当排字工人b tr.  work as a compositor on 排版 [abbreviation]

compact1 adj., v. & n. ●adj. /kəmˈpækt/  1  closely or neatly packed together 紧密的，坚实的 2 (of a piece of equipment, a room, etc.) well fitted and practical though small (指设备、房间等)小巧而实用的，小型的 3 (of style etc.) condensed; brief (指文体等)简洁的；紧凑的 4 (esp. of the human body) small but well-proportioned (尤指人的身材)矮小而匀称的 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  composed or made up of 由…组成(或构成)的 ●v. tr. /kəmˈpækt/  1  join or press firmly together 使…牢固连接；把…压实 2  condense 压缩 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  compose; make up 构成，组成 ●n. /ˈkɒmpækt/  1  a small flat usu. decorated case for face powder and a mirror, etc. (带镜子的扁平)香粉盒 2  an object formed by compacting powder 粉块 3 N. Amer.  a medium-sized motor car [北美]小型汽车 □ compaction  n.  □ compactly  adv.  □ compactness  n.  □ compactor  n.   [Middle English from Latin compingere compact- (as COM-, pangere ‘fasten’)]

compact2 /ˈkɒmpækt/ n.  an agreement or contract between two or more parties 协议，合同，契约 [Latin compactum from compacisci compact- (as COM-, pacisci ‘covenant’): cf. PACT]

compact disc /ˈkɒmpækt/ n.  a disc on which information or sound is recorded digitally and reproduced by reflection of laser light 激光唱片；(计算机)光盘

compadre /kɒmˈpɑ:dri/ n. (pl. compadres) esp. US colloq.  friend, companion [尤美口]朋友，伙伴 [Spanish, = godfather]

compages /kəmˈpeidʒi:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a framework; a complex structure 构架，骨架；复杂结构 2  something resembling a compages in complexity etc. (类似于骨架的)复杂事物 [Latin compages (as COM-, pages from pangere ‘fasten’)]

companion1 /kəmˈpænjən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in, of)  a person who accompanies, associates with, or shares with, another 同伴，伴侣  a companion in adversity  逆境朋友 they were close companions  他们是亲密的伙伴b  a person, esp. an unmarried or widowed woman, employed to live with and assist another (尤指未婚或单身女子受雇作)职业伴侣 2  a handbook or reference book on a particular subject 手册，指南  A Companion to North Wales  《北威尔士旅行指南》 3  a thing that matches another 成对(副、双)的东西之一  the companion of this bookend is over there  该书挡的另一半在那边 4 (作 Companion)  a member of the lowest grade of some orders of knighthood 最低级的爵士  Companion of the Bath  最低级巴思爵士(即第三等男爵) 5 Astron.  a star etc. that accompanies another 【天】伴星 6 Brit.  equipment or a piece of equipment that combines several uses [英]多功能设备 ●v.  1 tr.  accompany 陪伴，与…为伴 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) literary  be a companion [文学用语]结伴，交往 [Middle English from Old French compaignon, ultimately from Latin, = ‘one who breaks bread with another’ (as COM- + panis ‘bread’)]

companion2 /kəmˈpænjən/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a raised frame with windows let into the quarterdeck of a ship to allow light into the cabins etc. below 甲板天窗 2  = COMPANIONWAY  [obsolete Dutch kompanje ‘quarterdeck’ from Old French compagne from Italian (camera della) compagna ‘(storeroom for) provisions’, probably ultimately related to COMPANION1]

companionable /kəmˈpænjənəb(ə)l/ adj.  agreeable as a companion; sociable 友善的，好交际的 □ companionableness  n.  □ companionably  adv.  

companionate /kəmˈpænjənət/ adj.  1  well-suited; (of clothes) matching 和谐的；(衣服)相配的 2  of or like a companion 同伴的，同伴似的

companion hatch n.  a wooden covering over a companionway 舱室升降口罩

companion hatchway n.  an opening in a deck leading to a cabin 舱室升降口

companion-in-arms n.  a fellow soldier 战友

companion ladder n.  a ladder from a deck to a cabin 升降口梯，舱室升降梯

Companion of Honour n. (in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1917 (英国于 1917 年设立的一种)荣誉勋爵

Companion of Literature n. (in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1961 (英国于 1961 年设立的)文学勋爵

companion set n. Brit.  a set of fireside implements on a stand [英] (摆放在搁架上的)成套壁炉用具

companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃip/ n.  good fellowship; friendship 伴侣关系，友谊

companionway /kəmˈpænjənwei/ n.  a staircase to a cabin (轮船的)升降口扶梯

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a number of people assembled; a crowd; an audience 聚集在一起的人，人群；观众  addressed the company  向听众发表演讲b  guests or a guest 客人们，来访者  am expecting company  (我)在等候客人 2  a state of being a companion or fellow; companionship, esp. of a specific kind 同伴，朋友；友谊，伴侣关系  enjoys low company  喜欢和地位低的人结伴 do not care for his company  不喜欢他的伙伴 3  a  a commercial business 公司，商号b (usu. 通常作 Co.)  the partner or partners not named in the title of a firm (Smith and Co. 史密斯公司(表示史密斯与合伙者之意)) (公司名称中未列出姓名的)合伙者 4  a troupe of actors or entertainers 剧团，乐团 5 Mil.  a subdivision of an infantry battalion, usu. commanded by a major or a captain 【军】连，连队 6 Brit.  a group of Guides [英]一队女童子军 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. archaic  accompany [古义]陪伴，陪同 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) literary  be a companion [文学用语]结交，交往 □ err (or be) in good company   discover that a celebrity, one's companions, etc., have done the same as oneself (发现名人、同伴等)也犯同样错误□ in company   not alone 一起□ in company with   together with 和…在一起□ keep company  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  associate habitually 陪伴，与…形影不离□ keep (or archaic [古义] bear) a person company   accompany a person; be sociable 陪伴某人，给某人做伴□ part company  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cease to associate 分手，断绝关系 [Middle English via Anglo-French compainie, Old French compai(g)nie, from Romanic (as COMPANION1)]

company car n.  a car provided by a company for the business and usu. private use of an employee (供公司业务、通常是雇员私用的)公司汽车

company officer n.  a captain or a lower commissioned officer (军队的)尉官

company promoter  see 见 PROMOTER 3 

company sergeant major n. Brit. Mil.  the highest non-commissioned officer of a company [英]【军】连队军士长

comparable /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  able to be compared 可比较的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  fit to be compared; worth comparing 适合于比较的；比得上的 □ comparability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ comparableness  n.  □ comparably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin comparabilis (as COMPARE)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of comparable with to and with corresponds to the senses at compare; to is more common. Comparable 后面跟 to 和 with 的用法与 compare 词条的释义 1 致，与 to 连用更常见。 

comparative /kəmˈpærətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  perceptible by comparison; relative 相比较而言的，相对的  in comparative comfort  在相对舒适的生活环境中 2  estimated by comparison (通过比较而)估计出的  the comparative merits of the two ideas  两种观点相比较而找出的优点 3  of or involving comparison (esp. across branches of a science or subject of study) 比较的，用比较方法的(尤指跨学科分支或研究科目的比较) 4 Gram. (of an adjective or adverb) expressing a higher degree of a quality, but not the highest possible (e.g. 如 braver 较勇敢的 ; more fiercely 更凶猛地) (cf. 参见 POSITIVE adj. 3b, SUPERLATIVE adj. 2) 【语法】(形容词或副词)比较级的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  the comparative expression or form of an adjective or adverb (形容词或副词的)比较级 2  a word in the comparative 比较词 □ comparatively  adv.   [Middle English from Latin comparativus (as COMPARE)]

comparator /kəmˈpærətə/ n. Engin.  a device for comparing a product, an output, etc., with a standard, esp. an electronic circuit comparing two signals 【工程】比较仪，比较器(尤指信号比较电路)

compare /kəmˈpɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  express similarities in; liken 把…比作  compared the landscape to a painting  把风景比作一幅画 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  estimate the similarity or dissimilarity of; assess the relation between 比较，对照  compared radio with television  把收音机和电视机作比较 that lacks quality compared to this  与这件东西相比，那件的质量差 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  bear comparison 相比，比得上  compares favourably with the rest  比得上其余的 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be equal or equivalent to 与…相等，与…相同 5 tr. Gram.  form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or an adverb) 【语法】(形容词或副词)构成比较级和最高级 ●n. literary  comparison [文学用语]比较  beyond compare  无与伦比 without compare  无与伦比 has no compare  无与伦比 □ compare notes   exchange ideas or opinions 交换意见(观点) [Middle English via Old French comparer from Latin comparare (as COM-, parare from par ‘equal’)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2 to and with are generally interchangeable, but with often implies a greater element of formal analysis, as in compared my account with yours. 在本词条的释义 2 中， to 和 with 一般可以互换，但 with 常常更多含有正式比较的成分，如 compared my account with yours 把我的描述和你的相比较。 

comparison /kəmˈpæris(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of comparing 比较，对照 2  a simile or semantic illustration 比喻，比拟 3  capacity for being likened; similarity 可比性；相似，类似  there's no comparison  根本无法相比 4 (in full 全称 degrees of comparison) Gram.  the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs 【语法】比较级(即形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级) □ bear (or stand) comparison  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be able to be compared favourably 比得上□ beyond comparison   1  totally different in quality 毫无相似之处 2  greatly superior; excellent 无与伦比□ in (or by) comparison with   compared to 相比之下，比较起来 [Middle English via Old French comparesoun from Latin comparatio -onis (as COMPARE)]

compartment /kəmˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a space within a larger space, separated from the rest by partitions, e.g. in a railway carriage, wallet, desk, etc. 分隔空间，分隔间(如钱包夹层、书桌的分格等)；(客车车厢的)隔间，包厢 2 Naut.  a watertight division of a ship 【海】水密舱，防水船舱 3  an area of activity etc. kept apart from others in a person's mind (人的心灵活动等的区域)部，分部 ●v. tr.  put into compartments 分隔，划分 □ compartmentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French compartiment via Italian compartimento from Late Latin compartiri (as COM-, partiri ‘share’)]

compartmental /kɒmpɑ:tˈment(ə)l/ adj.  consisting of or relating to compartments or a compartment 分为隔间的，由隔间组成的 □ compartmentally  adv.  

compartmentalize /kɒmpɑ:tˈment(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  divide into compartments or categories 分隔；划分，分类 □ compartmentalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 magnetic compass)  an instrument showing the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it (see also 另见 GYROCOMPASS) 罗经，罗盘，指南针 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (also 亦作 pair of compasses sing.)  an instrument for taking measurements and describing circles, with two arms connected at one end by a movable joint 圆规 3  a circumference or boundary 圆周，周长；界限 4  area, extent; scope (e.g. of knowledge or experience) (知识或经验等的)范围，限度  beyond my compass  超出了我的知识范围 5  the range of tones of a voice or a musical instrument (嗓音或乐器的)音域 ●v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  hem in 包围，围绕 2  grasp mentally 领会，理解 3  contrive, accomplish 筹划，谋划；完成 4  go round 绕…而行 □ compassable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French compas, ultimately from Latin passus PACE1]

compass card n.  a circular rotating card showing the 32 principal bearings, forming the indicator of a magnetic compass 罗盘的表面，罗经刻度盘

compassion /kəmˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n.  pity inclining one to help or be merciful 同情，怜悯 [Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin compassio -onis, from compati (as COM-, pati pass- ‘suffer’)]

compassionate /kəmˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  sympathetic, pitying 同情的，怜悯的，有同情心的 □ compassionately  adv.   [obsolete French compassioné from compassioner ‘feel pity’ (as COMPASSION)]

compassionate leave n.  leave granted on grounds of bereavement etc. (尤指准给军人奔丧的)私事假

compassion fatigue n.  indifference to charitable appeals, reports of hardship, etc., resulting from their frequency 同情心淡漠(指由于求助的请求太频繁而使人冷淡)

compass rose n.  a circle of the principal directions marked on a chart 罗经花，方位刻度图，向位圈

compass saw n.  a saw with a narrow blade, for cutting curves 圆锯

compass window n.  a bay window with a semicircular curve (带有半圆弧的)凸窗，圆肚窗

compatible /kəmˈpætib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  able to coexist; well-suited; mutually tolerant 能和睦相处的，适合的，相互容忍的  a compatible couple  和睦相处的夫妻b  consistent 和谐的，一致的  their views are not compatible with their actions  他们的观点和行动不一致 2 (of equipment etc.) capable of being used in combination (设备等)兼用的，兼容的 ●n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) Computing  a piece of equipment that can use software etc. designed for another brand of the same equipment 【计算】兼容机  IBM compatibles  国际商用机器公司的兼容机 □ compatibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ compatibly  adv.   [French from medieval Latin compatibilis (as COMPASSION)]

compatriot /kəmˈpætriət, -ˈpeit-/ n.  a fellow countryman 同一国人，同胞 □ compatriotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [French compatriote from Late Latin compatriota (as COM-, patriota PATRIOT)]

compeer /kəmˈpiə/ n.  1  an equal; a peer (地位、能力、年龄等)相同的人，同事 2  a comrade 伙伴，同志 [Middle English from Old French comper (as COM-, PEER2)]

compel /kəmˈpel/ v. tr. (compelled, compelling)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  force, constrain 强迫，迫使  compelled them to admit it  强迫他们承认那件事 2  bring about (an action) by force 强制做(某事)  compel submission  迫使屈服 3 (as 作 compelling adj.)  rousing strong interest, attention, conviction, or admiration 激发兴趣的，有吸引力的；令人信服的；令人羡慕的 4 archaic  drive forcibly [古义] (用暴力)驱赶 □ compellingly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin compellere compuls- (as COM-, pellere ‘drive’)]

compellable /kəmˈpeləb(ə)l/ adj. Law (of a witness etc.) that may be made to attend court or give evidence 【法律】(证人等)可强迫出庭作证的

compendious /kəmˈpendiəs/ adj. (esp. of a book etc.) comprehensive but fairly brief (尤指书籍等)简明扼要的 □ compendiously  adv.  □ compendiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French compendieux from Latin compendiosus ‘brief’ (as COMPENDIUM)]

compendium /kəmˈpendiəm/ n. (pl. compendiums or compendia /-diə/)  1 esp. Brit.  a usu. one-volume handbook or encyclopedia [尤英]手册，大全 2  a  a summary or abstract of a larger work (大部头作品的)概要，概略，纲要b  an abridgement 缩略，缩写 3  a (in full 全称 compendium of games)  a collection of games in a box 游戏用具盒b  any collection or mixture (任何)收集物；混合物 4  a package of writing paper, envelopes, etc. 书信用品夹(包括信纸、信封等) [Latin, = what is weighed together, from compendere (as COM-, pendere ‘weigh’)]

compensate /ˈkɒmpenseit/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  recompense (a person) 补偿，赔偿(某人)；报偿  compensated him for his loss  赔偿他的损失 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for a thing, Brit. [英] to a person)  make amends 赔偿；赔罪  compensated for the insult  因侮辱了人而赔罪 will compensate to her in full  将全额赔偿她的损失 3 tr.  counterbalance; make up for; make amends for 抵消；弥补；为…而赔偿 4 tr. Mech.  provide (a pendulum etc.) with extra or less weight etc. to neutralize the effects of temperature etc. 【机】(用摆等)抵消(温度变化等的影响) 5 intr. Psychol.  offset a disability or frustration by development in another direction 【心】补偿，代偿(指发展其他能力以补偿伤残或挫折) □ compensative  /-sətiv/ adj.  □ compensator  n.  □ compensatory  /-ˈpensət(ə)ri, -ˈseit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin compensare (as COM-, pensare, frequentative of pendere pens- ‘weigh’)]

compensation /kɒmpenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of compensating 补偿(或赔偿)的行为；报偿b  the process of being compensated 被补偿(或赔偿)的过程 2  something, esp. money, given as a recompense 补偿物(或款)；赔偿物(或款) 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  an act of compensating 补偿(或代偿)的行为b  the result of compensating 补偿(或代偿)的结果 4 N. Amer.  a salary or wages [北美]工资，薪水，报酬 □ compensational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin compensatio (as COMPENSATE)]

compensation pendulum n. Physics  a pendulum designed to neutralize the effects of temperature variation 【物理学】(钟表上用于抵消温度变化影响的)补偿摆

compete /kəmˈpi:t/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, against a person, for a thing)  strive for superiority or supremacy 竞争，对抗  competed with his brother  与他的哥哥竞争 compete against each other  互相竞争 compete for the job  竞争那个工作 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take part (in a contest etc.) 参加(比赛等)  competed in the hurdles  参加障碍赛跑 [Latin competere competit-, in late sense ‘strive after or contend for (something)’ (as COM-, petere ‘seek’)]

competence /ˈkɒmpit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 competency /-ənsi/)  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  ability; the state of being competent 能力；胜任，称职b  an area in which a person is competent; a skill (称职的)领域；技能 2  an income large enough to live on, usu. unearned (足以维持生计，尤指非劳动所得的)收入 3 Law  the legal capacity (of a court, a magistrate, etc.) to deal with a matter 【法律】(法院、地方官员等的)权限，管辖权

competent /ˈkɒmpit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin. or for)  adequately qualified or capable 能胜任的，有能力的，称职的  not competent to drive  不会开车b  effective 有效的，合格的  a competent batsman  合格的击球手 2 Law (of a judge, court, or witness) legally qualified or qualifying 【法律】(法官、法庭或证人)有法定资格的 □ competently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French competent or Latin competent-, pres. part. of competere ‘be fit or proper’ (as COMPETE)]

competition /kɒmpiˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  competing, esp. in an examination, in trade, etc. (尤指考试、贸易等中的)竞争 2  an event or contest in which people compete 比赛，竞赛 3  a  the people competing against a person 竞争者；比赛对手b  the opposition they represent (与竞争对手的)对抗 4 Biol.  interaction between organisms etc. that share a limited environmental resource 【生】(生物对有限环境资源的)竞争 [Late Latin competitio ‘rivalry’ (as COMPETITIVE)]

competitive /kəmˈpetitiv/ adj.  1  involving, offered for, or by competition 涉及竞争的，供竞争的，竞争获得的  competitive game  竞技性游戏 2 (of prices etc.) low enough to compare well with those of rival traders (指价格等)有竞争力的 3 (of a person) having a strong urge to win; keen to compete (指人)好胜的，好竞争的 □ competitively  adv.  □ competitiveness  n.   [competit-, past part. stem of Latin competere COMPETE]

competitor /kəmˈpetitə/ n.  1  a person who competes 竞争者，比赛者 2  a rival, esp. in business or commerce (尤指生意或商业上的)对手，敌手 [French compétiteur or Latin competitor (as COMPETE)]

compilation /kɒmpiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of compiling 汇编，编辑，编纂b  the process of being compiled 编辑的过程 2  something compiled, esp. a book etc. composed of separate articles, stories, etc. 汇编物，编辑物，编纂物(尤指由不同文章、故事等组成的书籍等) [Middle English via Old French from Latin compilatio -onis (as COMPILE)]

compile /kəmˈpail/ v. tr.  1  a  collect (material) into a list, volume, etc. 汇集，收集(资料)b  make up (a volume etc.) from such material 编辑，汇编(成册等) 2  accumulate (a score, lead, etc.) 累积(得分、领先程度等)  compiled a break of 98  累积不间断得 98 分 3 Computing  produce (a machine-coded form of a high-level program) 【计算】编译(高级程序语言使之成为机器语言) [Middle English from Old French compiler or its apparent source, Latin compilare ‘plunder, plagiarize’]

compiler /kəmˈpailə/ n.  1 Computing  a program for translating a high-level programming language into machine code 【计算】(将高级编程语言翻译成机器语言的)编译程序 2  a person who compiles 汇编者

complacency /kəmˈpleis(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 complacence)  self-satisfaction or tranquil pleasure, esp. when uncritical or unwarranted 自满情绪，沾沾自喜 [medieval Latin complacentia from Latin complacēre (as COM-, placēre ‘please’)]

complacent /kəmˈpleis(ə)nt/ adj.  1  smugly self-satisfied 自满的，沾沾自喜的 2  calmly content 暗自满意的 □ complacently  adv.   [Latin complacēre: see COMPLACENCY]■Usage 用法说明 Complacent should not be confused with complaisant. 不要把 complacent 与 complaisant 用混。 

complain /kəmˈplein/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, at, or that + clause)  express dissatisfaction 抱怨，发牢骚  complained at the state of the room  抱怨房间的状况 is always complaining  总是在发牢骚 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  announce that one is suffering from (an ailment) 诉说(自己的病痛)，(病人)主诉  complained of a headache  诉说患了头痛b  state a grievance concerning 叫屈，申诉  complained of the delay  抱怨耽搁的时间 3  a  make a mournful sound 发出凄楚的响声b  groan or creak under a strain 呻吟 □ complainer  n.  □ complainingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French complaindre (stem complaign-) from medieval Latin complangere ‘bewail’ (as COM-, plangere planct- ‘lament’)]

complainant /kəmˈpleinənt/ n. Law  a plaintiff in certain lawsuits 【法律】原告，起诉人

complaint /kəmˈpleint/ n.  1  a  a grievance or cause for dissatisfaction 抱怨，委屈，怨言  I have no complaints  我没有怨言b  a statement of dissatisfaction 投诉，申诉  make a complaint  进行投诉 2  an ailment or illness 疾病 3 Law  the plaintiff's initial pleading in a civil action 【法律】控告，控诉 [Middle English via Old French complainte from complaint, past part. of complaindre: see COMPLAIN]

complaisant /kəmˈpleiz(ə)nt/ adj.  1  politely deferential 恭敬的；殷勤的 2  willing to please; acquiescent 讨好的；顺从的 □ complaisance  n.   [French from complaire (stem complais-) ‘acquiesce to please’, from Latin complacēre: see COMPLACENCY]■Usage 用法说明 Complaisant should not be confused with complacent. complaisant 不要与 complacent 用混。 

compleat archaic var.  of COMPLETE [古义] COMPLETE 的变体

complement n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmplim(ə)nt/  1  a  something that completes 补充物，补足物b  one of a pair, or one of two things that go together 配对物，互为补充的东西 2 (often 常作 full complement)  the full number needed to man a ship, fill a conveyance, etc. (舰船的)编制名额；(运输工具的)装运定额 3 Gram.  a word or phrase added to a verb to complete the predicate of a sentence 【语法】补足语 4 Biochem.  a group of proteins in the blood which, in conjunction with antibodies, assist in the destruction of bacteria etc. 【生化】(血清中的)补体，防御素 5 Math.  any element not belonging to a specified set or class 【数】余，补，补数 6 Geom.  the amount by which an angle is less than 90° (cf. 参见 SUPPLEMENT n. 5) 【几】余角 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpliment/  1  complete 补足，补充 2  form a complement to 与…相配  the scarf complements her dress  那条围巾正好与她的连衣裙相配 □ complemental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin complementum (as COMPLETE)]

complementarity /ˌkɒmplimenˈtæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a complementary relationship or situation 互为补充，相互配合 2 Physics  the concept that a single model may not be adequate to explain atomic systems in different experimental conditions 【物理学】互补性，对偶性(即一个模式可能不足以说明不同实验条件下原子系统的概念)

complementary /kɒmpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  completing; forming a complement 补充的，补足的；相配的 2 (of two or more things) complementing each other (两个或多个事物)互为补充的 □ complementarily  adv.  □ complementariness  n.  

complementary angle n.  either of two angles making up 90° 余角

complementary colour n.  a colour that, combined with a given colour, makes white or black 互补色(混合后产生白色或黑色的两种颜色)

complementary medicine n.  = ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 

complete /kəmˈpli:t/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  having all its parts; entire 完整的，全部的，完全的  the set is complete  这一套是完整的 2  finished 完成的，结束的  my task is complete  我的任务完成了 3  of the maximum extent or degree 十足的，彻底的，地地道道的  a complete surprise  完全出乎意料的事 a complete stranger  素不相识的人 4 (also 亦作 compleat after Walton's Compleat Angler) usu. joc.  accomplished [通常诙]有造诣的，非常熟练的  the complete horseman  全能骑手 ●v. tr.  1  finish 完成，结束 2  a  make whole or perfect 使完整，使完美b  make up the amount of 使完全，补足…的数额  completes the quota  完成定额 3  fill in the answers to (a questionnaire etc.) 填写(调查问卷等) 4 (usu. absol. [通常含宾]) Law  conclude a sale of property 【法律】做成一笔财产交易 □ complete with   having (as an important accessory) (作为重要的附加物或附属品)有，具有  comes complete with instructions  附有使用说明书□ completely  adv.  □ completeness  n.  □ completion  /-ˈpli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French complet or Latin completus, past part. of complēre ‘fill up’]

completist /kəmˈpli:tist/ n. & adj. ●n.  an obsessive or indiscriminate collector (收藏中的)求全主义者 ●adj.  intent on completeness 求全主义的，渴望完整的

complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a building, a series of rooms, a network, etc. made up of related parts (由相关部分构成的)一系列房屋，建筑群；网络系统  the arts complex  艺术中心 2 Psychol.  a related group of usu. repressed feelings or thoughts which cause abnormal behaviour or mental states 【心】情结(通常由压抑的感情引起的不正常行为或精神状态)  inferiority complex  自卑情结 Oedipus complex  俄狄浦斯情结，恋母情结 3 (in general use) a preoccupation or obsession (一般用法)成见，变态心理  has a complex about punctuality  对准时正点有一种病态执着 4 Chem.  a compound in which molecules or ions form coordinate bonds to a metal atom or ion 【化】配位体化合物，络合物 ●adj.  1  consisting of related parts; composite 由相关部件组成的，组合的 2  complicated 复杂的，错综的  a complex problem  复杂的问题 3 Math.  containing real and imaginary parts (cf. 参见 IMAGINARY) 【数】复的(包含实数和虚数部分的) □ complexity  /kəmˈpleksiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ complexly  adv.   [French complexe or Latin complexus, past part. of complectere ‘embrace’, associated with complexus ‘plaited’]

complexion /kəmˈplekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the natural colour, texture, and appearance, of the skin, esp. of the face (尤指面部的)自然肤色，面色 2  an aspect; a character 局面，样子；性质  puts a different complexion on the matter  使这件事情的性质发生改变 □ complexioned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [originally = combination of supposed qualities determining the nature of a body: Middle English via Old French from Latin complexio -onis (as COMPLEX)]

complex sentence n.  a sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses 复合句

compliance /kəmˈplaiəns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of complying; obedience to a request, command, etc. (对要求、命令等的)遵从，依从，顺从 2 Mech. 【机】  a  the capacity to yield under an applied force 柔性，可塑性b  the degree of such yielding 柔量，可塑程度 3  unworthy acquiescence 屈从，顺从，迁就 □ in compliance with   according to (a wish, command, etc.) 遵照，按照(意愿、命令等)

compliant /kəmˈplaiənt/ adj.  disposed to comply; yielding, obedient 遵从的，依从的，顺从的，屈从的 □ compliantly  adv.  

complicate /ˈkɒmplikeit/ v. tr. & intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make or become difficult, confused, intricate, or complex 使复杂化，变复杂，使错综 2 (as 作 complicated adj.)  complex; intricate 复杂的，难懂的 □ complicatedly  adv.  □ complicatedness  n.   [Latin complicare complicat- (as COM-, plicare ‘fold’)]

complication /kɒmpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an involved or confused condition or state 复杂情况，混乱状态b  a complicating circumstance; a difficulty 使情况复杂的事情，难题 2 Med.  a secondary disease or condition aggravating a previous one 【医】并发症 [French complication or Late Latin complicatio (as COMPLICATE)]

complicity /kəmˈplisiti/ n.  partnership in a crime or wrongdoing (犯罪或错误中的)合谋，串通 □ complicit  adj.   [complice (see ACCOMPLICE) + -ITY]

compliment n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmplim(ə)nt/  1  a  a spoken or written expression of praise 赞美；恭维b  an act or circumstance implying praise 赞美的行为(或情况)  their success was a compliment to their efforts  他们的成功是对他们所做出努力的赞美 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  formal greetings, esp. as a written accompaniment to a gift etc. (尤指附在礼物等上的正式的)问候，祝贺  with the compliments of the management  经理部敬赠b  praise 赞词  my compliments to the cook  代我向厨师致敬 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpliment/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  congratulate; praise 祝贺，赞美  complimented him on his roses  赞美他的玫瑰花漂亮 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  present as a mark of courtesy 赠送…以表示敬意  complimented her with his attention  用全神贯注的听她讲话来表示他的敬意 □ pay a compliment to   praise 赞美，恭维□ return the compliment   1  give a compliment in return for another 回敬别人的问候 2  retaliate or recompense in kind 以牙还牙，一报还一报 [French complimenter from Italian complimento, ultimately from Latin complēre ‘fill up, fulfil’ (the requirements of courtesy)]

complimentary /kɒmpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  expressing a compliment; praising 表示敬意的，赞美的，恭维的 2 (of a ticket for a play etc.) given free of charge, esp. as a mark of favour (戏票等)赠送的 □ complimentarily  adv.  

compliments of the season n. pl.  greetings appropriate to the time of year, esp. Christmas (尤指圣诞节时的)节日的祝贺

compliments slip n. esp. Brit.  a printed slip of paper sent with a gift etc., esp. from a business firm [尤英] (尤指商业公司附在礼品上的)礼帖，赠礼便条

compline /ˈkɒmplin, -ain/ n. Eccl.  the office of the seventh canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the end of the day 【教会】晚祷仪式；晚祷时间 [Middle English from Old French complie, fem. past part. of obsolete complir ‘complete’, ultimately from Latin complēre ‘fill up’]

comply /kəmˈplai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  act in accordance (with a wish, command, etc.) 遵从，依从，顺从(意愿、命令等)  complied with her conditions  依从了她的条件 had no choice but to comply  除了服从别无选择 [Italian complire via Catalan complir, Spanish cumplir from Latin complēre ‘fill up’]

compo1 /ˈkɒmpəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  a composition of plaster etc., e.g. stucco 水泥砂浆；灰泥；混合涂料 ●adj. Brit. [英]  = COMPOSITEadj. 1, 2  [abbreviation]

compo2 /ˈkɒmpəʊ/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  compensation, esp. that paid for an industrial injury [澳新] [俚语] (尤指工伤的)赔偿费 [abbreviation]

component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a part of a larger whole, esp. part of a motor vehicle 组成部分；(尤指汽车的)零件，部件 2 Math.  one of two or more vectors equivalent to a given vector 【数】分量(与已知量相等的两个或多个分量之一) ●adj.  being part of a larger whole 组成的，构成的  assembled the component parts  把构件装配起来 □ componential  /kɒmpəˈnenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin componere component- (as COM-, ponere ‘put’)]

compo rations n. pl. Brit.  a large pack of food designed to last for several days [英]可供数天食用的食品 [COMPO1]

comport /kəmˈpɔ:t/ v. refl. usu. literary  conduct oneself; behave [通常文学用语]举动，举止，表现 □ comport with   suit, befit 适合于，相称□ comportment  n.   [Latin comportare (as COM-, portare ‘carry’)]

compos /ˈkɒmpɒs/ adj.  = COMPOS MENTIS 

compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ v.  1  a tr.  construct or create (a work of art, esp. literature or music) 创作(艺术作品，尤文学或音乐作品)b intr.  compose music 作曲  gave up composing in 1917  于 1917 年放弃了作曲 2 tr.  constitute; make up 组成，构成  six tribes which composed the German nation  组成德意志民族的 6 个部落 3 tr.  put together to form a whole, esp. artistically; order, arrange (尤指艺术性地)构图；整理，安排  composed the group for the photographer  为摄影师安排人物布局 4 tr.  a (often 常作 refl.)  calm; settle 使(自己)平静，使(自己)镇定  compose your expression  使你的表情镇定下来 composed himself to wait  平静下来等候b (as 作 composed adj.)  calm, settled 沉着的，镇定的 5 tr.  settle (a dispute etc.) 调解，调停(争端等) 6 tr. Printing 【印刷】  a  set up (type) to form words and blocks of words 排字b  set up (a manuscript etc.) in type 排(手稿等)的版 □ composed of   made up of; consisting of 由…组成(或构成)  a flock composed of sheep and goats  由绵羊和山羊组成的羊群□ composedly  /-zidli/ adv.   [French composer from Latin componere (as COM-, ponere ‘put’)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, compose is preferable to comprise (see Usage Note at comprise). 使用 compose 的释义 2 表示“构成，组成”比使用 comprise 更好些(见 comprise 词条的用法说明)。 

composer /kəmˈpəʊzə/ n.  a person who composes (esp. music) (尤指)作曲者，作曲家

composite /ˈkɒmpəzit/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  made up of various parts; blended 混成的，综合的，合成的 2 (esp. of a synthetic building material) made up of recognizable constituents (尤指合成建筑材料)混合的，复合的 3 (作 Composite) Archit.  of the fifth classical order of architecture, consisting of elements of the Ionic and Corinthian orders 【建】混合柱型的(第 5 种古典柱型，包含爱奥尼亚和科林斯柱型的成分) 4 Bot.  of the plant family Compositae 【植】菊科的 ●n.  1  a thing made up of several parts or elements 合成物，混合物 2  a synthetic building material 复合建筑材料 3 Bot.  a plant of the family Compositae, having a head of many small flowers forming one bloom, e.g. the daisy, the dandelion 【植】菊科植物(如雏菊、蒲公英) 4 /ˈkɒmpəzait/ Polit.  a resolution composed of two or more related resolutions 【政】(由两个或多个相关决议组成的)综合决议 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒmpəzait/ Polit.  amalgamate (two or more similar resolutions) 【政】综合，合并(两个或多个相似的决议) □ compositely  adv.  □ compositeness  n.   [French from Latin compositus, past part. of componere (as COM-, ponere posit- ‘put’)]

composition /kɒmpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of putting together; formation or construction 组成，构成b  something so composed; a mixture 搀合物；混合物c  the constitution of such a mixture; the nature of its ingredients (混合物的)构成方式，构成成分的性质  the composition is two parts oil to one part vinegar  混合配比是两份油一份醋 2  a  a literary or musical work (文学或音乐)作品b  the act or art of producing such a work (文学或音乐作品的)创作，创作艺术c  an essay, esp. written by a schoolchild or student (尤指学生的)作文d  an artistic arrangement (of parts of a picture, subjects for a photograph, etc.) (图画、照片等的)构图，布局 3  mental constitution; character 气质，脾气，性格  jealousy is not in his composition  妒忌不是他的脾气禀性 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a compound artificial substance, esp. one serving the purpose of a natural one (尤指用于替代天然物的)合成物 5 Printing  the setting-up of type 【印刷】排字，排版，制版 6 Gram.  the formation of words into a compound word 【语法】合成(构词)法，复合(构词)法 7 Law 【法律】  a  a compromise, esp. a legal agreement to pay a sum in lieu of a larger sum, or other obligation 和解协议，和解偿还(尤指偿还部分债款以了结债务)  made a composition with his creditors  与他的债权人签订了一份和解偿还协议b  a sum paid in this way 和解偿还的债款 8 Math.  the combination of functions in a series 【数】合成函数，合成函数的运算 □ compositional  adj.  □ compositionally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, from Latin compositio -onis (as COMPOSITE)]

compositor /kəmˈpɒzitə/ n. Printing  a person who sets up type for printing 【印刷】排字工人 [Middle English via Anglo-French compositour from Latin compositor (as COMPOSITE)]

compos mentis /ˈmentis/ adj.  having control of one's mind; sane 心神健全的，神志正常的 [Latin]

compossible /kəmˈpɒsib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) formal  able to coexist [正式]可共存的，能共存的 [Old French from medieval Latin compossibilis (as COM-, POSSIBLE)]

compost /ˈkɒmpɒst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  mixed manure, esp. of organic origin 混合肥料，堆肥，(尤指)有机肥料b  a loam soil or other medium with added compost, used for growing plants (用于栽培作物的)壤土，混合肥料 2  a mixture of ingredients 混合成分  a rich compost of lies and innuendo  充满谎言和影射的话 ●v. tr.  1  treat (soil) with compost 给(土壤)施堆肥 2  make (manure, vegetable matter, etc.) into compost 把…制成堆肥 [Middle English via Old French composte from Latin compos(i)tum (as COMPOSITE)]

compost heap n. (also 亦作 compost pile)  a layered structure of garden refuse, soil, etc., which decays to become compost 肥堆

composure /kəmˈpəʊʒə/ n.  a tranquil manner; calmness 镇静，沉着 [COMPOSE + -URE]

compote /ˈkɒmpəʊt, -ɒt/ n.  fruit preserved or cooked in syrup 蜜饯，糖水水果 [French from Old French composte (as COMPOSITE)]

compound1 n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/  1  a mixture of two or more things, qualities, etc. 复合物 2 (also 亦作 compound word)  a word made up of two or more existing words 复合词 3 Chem.  a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions 【化】化合物 ●adj. /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/  1  a  made up of several ingredients 复合的，化合的b  consisting of several parts 混合的，组合的 2  combined; collective 结合的，综合的 3 Zool.  consisting of individual organisms 【动】群体的，复合的 4 Biol.  consisting of several or many parts 【生】复合的 ●v. /kəmˈpaʊnd/  1 tr.  mix or combine (ingredients, ideas, motives, etc.) 混合，结合(成分、观点、动机等)  grief compounded with fear  悲哀与恐惧交加 2 tr.  increase or complicate (difficulties etc.) 增加，加重(困难等)  anxiety compounded by discomfort  身体不适加重了焦虑 3 tr.  make up (a composite whole) 复合；化合；组合；合成 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  settle (a debt, dispute, etc.) by concession or special arrangement (通过互让)了结债务，解决争端 5 tr. Law 【法律】  a  condone (a liability or offence) in exchange for money etc. (以钱)了结(责任、罪行等)b  forbear from prosecuting (a felony) from private motives (出于私人动机而)宽恕重罪 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, for) Law  come to terms with a person, for forgoing a claim etc. for an offence 【法律】(与某人)达成协议(放弃索赔、起诉等) 7 tr.  combine (words or elements) into a word 将(词或语素)合成复合词 □ compoundable  /kəmˈpaʊndəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English compoun(e) via Old French compondre from Latin componere (as COM-, ponere ‘put’: -d as in expound)]

compound2 /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n.  1  a large open enclosure for housing workers etc., esp. miners in S. Africa 有围墙的院子(供工人居住，尤指南非的矿工院) 2  an enclosure, esp. in India, China, etc., in which a factory or a house stands (cf. 参见 KAMPONG) 有围墙的建筑群，大院(尤指印度、中国等国家工厂或房屋的院落) 3  a large enclosed space in a prison or prison camp (监狱或集中营)用围墙围住的场地 4  = POUND3  [Portuguese campon or Dutch kampong, from Malay]

compounder /kəmˈpaʊndə/ n.  a person who makes a compound of ingredients, e.g. drugs, animal feed (复方药物或动物饲料的)配制者

compound eye n.  an eye consisting of numerous visual units, as found in insects and crustaceans (cf. 参见 SIMPLE EYE) (昆虫和甲壳纲动物的)复眼

compound fracture n.  a fracture in which a bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection 哆开骨折，有创骨折

compound fruit n.  1  = AGGREGATE FRUIT  2  = MULTIPLE FRUIT 

compound interest n.  interest payable on both capital and the accumulated interest (cf. 参见 SIMPLE INTEREST) 复利(即在本金和累积利息基础上支付的利息)

compound interval n. Mus.  an interval exceeding one octave 【音】复音程(即大于八度的音程)

compound leaf n.  a leaf consisting of several or many leaflets 复叶

compound sentence n.  a sentence with more than one subject or predicate 复合句，并列句

compound time n. Mus.  a tempo with more than one group of simple time units in each bar 【音】复拍子(即每小节多于一组单拍子的节奏)

comprador /kɒmprəˈdɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 compradore)  1 hist.  a Chinese business agent of a foreign company [史义] (解放前外国公司在中国的)买办 2  an agent of a foreign power (外国政权的)买办，洋奴才 [Portuguese comprador ‘buyer’, via Late Latin comparator from Latin comparare ‘purchase’]

comprehend /kɒmpriˈhend/ v. tr.  1  grasp mentally; understand (a person or a thing) 领会(某事)；理解(某人) 2  include; take in 包含，包括 [Middle English from Old French comprehender or Latin comprehendere comprehens- (as COM-, prehendere ‘grasp’)]

comprehensible /kɒmpriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be understood; intelligible 可理解的；明白易懂的 2  that can be included or contained 可包含的，可包括的 □ comprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ comprehensibly  adv.   [French compréhensible or Latin comprehensibilis (as COMPREHEND)]

comprehension /kɒmpriˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or capability of understanding, esp. writing or speech (尤指对文章或演讲的)理解，理解力b Brit.  an extract from a text set as an examination, with questions designed to test understanding of it [英]理解力测验 2  inclusion 包含，容纳 3 Eccl. hist.  the inclusion of Nonconformists in the Anglican Church 【教会】[史义] (英国国教会对非国教徒的)容纳 [French compréhension or Latin comprehensio (as COMPREHENSIBLE)]

comprehensive /kɒmpriˈhensiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  complete; including all or nearly all elements, aspects, etc. 广泛的，综合的，无所不包的  a comprehensive grasp of the subject  对这个学科的全面掌握 2  of or relating to understanding 理解的，有关理解的  the comprehensive faculty  理解力 3 (of motor vehicle insurance) providing complete protection (汽车保险的)保综合险的 ●n. (in full 全称 comprehensive school) Brit.  a secondary school catering for children of all abilities from a given area [英] (招收具有不同能力学生的)综合中学 □ comprehensively  adv.  □ comprehensiveness  n.   [French compréhensif -ive or Late Latin comprehensivus (as COMPREHENSIBLE)]

compress v. & n. ●v. tr. /kəmˈpres/  1  squeeze together 压紧，挤压 2  bring into a smaller space or shorter extent 压缩；缩短 ●n. /ˈkɒmpres/  a pad of lint etc. pressed on to part of the body to relieve inflammation, stop bleeding, etc. (用于缓解炎症、止血等的)敷布，压布 □ compressible  /kəmˈpresib(ə)l/ adj.  □ compressibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ compressive  /kəmˈpresiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French compresser or Late Latin compressare, frequentative of Latin comprimere compress- (as COM-, premere ‘press’)]

compressed air n.  air at more than atmospheric pressure 压缩空气

compression /kəmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of compressing or being compressed (被)压紧，(被)挤压 2  the reduction in volume (causing an increase in pressure) of the fuel mixture in an internal-combustion engine before ignition (内燃机点火前使燃料混合物加压的)压缩 [French from Latin compressio (as COMPRESS)]

compression ratio n.  the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal-combustion engine 压缩比(指内燃机汽缸的最大和最小体积之比)

compressor /kəmˈpresə/ n.  an instrument or device for compressing, esp. a machine used for increasing the pressure of air or other gases 压缩器，压缩装置，(尤指)压缩机，压气机

comprise /kəmˈpraiz/ v.  1 tr.  consist of, be made up of; contain 由…组成，由…构成；包含，包括  the book comprises 350 pages  那本书共有 350 页 2 tr. disp.  make up, compose [异议]构成，组成  the essays comprise his total work  那些散文构成了他全部的作品 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 , foll. by 后跟 of) disp.  consist of [异议]由…组成  the army was comprised of volunteers  这支军队是由志愿者组成的 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of) disp.  consist of [异议]由…构成  the region comprises of three separate districts  这个地区是由 3 个不相连的区构成的 □ comprisable  adj.   [Middle English from French, fem. past part. of comprendre COMPREHEND]■Usage 用法说明 The use of comprise in senses 2 and 3 is still regarded as non-standard by some people and its use in sense 4, formed on analogy with consist of, is especially frowned upon. More acceptable alternatives are consist of, be composed of, or simply comprise without of (as in sense 1). 有些人仍然认为 comprise 词条的释义 2 、 3 的用法是不规范的。由 consist of 类推而来的释义 4 尤其不能被人们所接受。比较可接受的替换词语是 consist of, be composed of, 或者仅用 comprise (释义 1) ，不加 of 。 

compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the settlement of a dispute by mutual concession 和解，(通过互让)了结争执  reached a compromise by bargaining  通过谈判达成和解 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  an intermediate state between conflicting opinions, actions, etc., reached by mutual concession or modification (矛盾的观点、行为之间经互让达成的)妥协，折中  a compromise between ideals and material necessity  理想与物质需求之间的折中 ●v.  1  a intr.  settle a dispute by mutual concession 妥协，(通过互让)解决争执  compromised over the terms  就条款达成妥协b tr. archaic  settle (a dispute) by mutual concession [古义]通过互让解决(争执) 2 tr.  bring into disrepute or danger esp. by indiscretion or folly (尤指因愚蠢行为或轻率鲁莽而)损伤名誉，危及；损害 □ compromiser  n.  □ compromisingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French compromis from Late Latin compromissum, neut. past part. of compromittere (as COM-, promittere PROMISE)]

compte rendu /ˌkɔ˜t rɑ˜ˈdju:, 法 kɔ˜t rɑ˜dy/ n. (pl. comptes rendus pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a report; a review; a statement 报告；评论；叙述 [French, = account rendered]

Comptometer /kɒm(p)ˈtɒmitə/ n. Brit. propr.  an early type of calculating machine [英] [商标]康普托计算机 [apparently from French compte COUNT1 + -METER]

comptroller /kənˈtrəʊlə/ n.  a controller (used in the title of some financial officers) 主管会计；审计员  Comptroller and Auditor General  总主管会计和总审计 [variant of CONTROLLER, by erroneous association with COUNT1, Late Latin computus]

compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a constraint; an obligation 强迫，强制；被迫 2 Psychol.  an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, esp. against one's conscious wishes 【心】强迫；强迫作用；(尤指与自己愿望相悖的)无法抑制的欲望，冲动 □ under compulsion   because one is compelled 被迫地 [Middle English via French from Late Latin compulsio -onis (as COMPEL)]

compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsiv/ adj.  1  compelling 强制的，强迫的 2  resulting or acting from, or as if from, compulsion 有强迫力似的；上瘾的  a compulsive gambler  嗜赌成癖的赌徒 3 Psychol.  resulting or acting from compulsion against one's conscious wishes 【心】由(无法抑制)欲望造成的；因(无法抑制)欲望而为的 4  irresistible 无法抑制的  compulsive viewing  无节制的收看(电视) □ compulsively  adv.  □ compulsiveness  n.   [medieval Latin compulsivus (as COMPEL)]

compulsory /kəmˈpʌls(ə)ri/ adj.  1  required by law or a rule 法律规定的，规章要求的  it is compulsory to keep dogs on leads  法律规定养狗必须拴起来 2  essential; necessary 必不可少的，非常重要的 □ compulsorily  adv.  □ compulsoriness  n.   [medieval Latin compulsorius (as COMPEL)]

compulsory purchase n. Brit.  the enforced purchase of land or property by a local authority etc., for public use [英] (地方政府对土地、财产等的)强制征购

compunction /kəmˈpʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  1  the pricking of the conscience; remorse 内疚；悔恨；自责 2  slight regret; a scruple 后悔；不安  without compunction  毫无顾忌地 have no compunction in refusing him  毫不后悔地拒绝了他 □ compunctious  /-ʃəs/ adj.  □ compunctiously  /-ʃəsli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French componction and ecclesiastical Latin compunctio -onis from Latin compungere compunct- (as COM-, pungere ‘prick’)]

compurgation /kɒmpɜ:ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Law hist.  an acquittal from a charge or accusation obtained by the oaths of witnesses 【法律】[史义] (旧时由证人宣誓证明而)宣告无罪，无罪释放 □ compurgatory  /kəmˈpɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin compurgatio from Latin compurgare (as COM-, purgare ‘purify’)]

compurgator /ˈkɒmpɜ:ɡeitə/ n. Law hist.  a witness who swore to the innocence or good character of an accused person 【法律】[史义] (宣誓证明被告无辜或者品行端正的)证人

computation /kɒmpjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reckoning; calculation 计算 2  the use of a computer 计算机的使用 3  a result obtained by calculation 计算结果 □ computational  adj.  □ computationally  adv.  

compute /kəmˈpju:t/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  reckon or calculate (a number, an amount, etc.) 估算，计算(数目、数量等) 2 intr.  make a reckoning, esp. using a computer (尤指使用计算机)计算 □ computable  /-ˈpju:təb(ə)l, ˈkɒm-/ adj.  □ computability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.   [French computer or Latin computare (as COM-, putare ‘reckon’)]

computer /kəmˈpju:tə/ n.  1  a usu. electronic device for storing and processing data (usu. in binary form), according to instructions given to it in a variable program 电子计算机，电脑 2  a person who computes or makes calculations 计算者，计算员

computerate /kəmˈpju:tərət/ adj.  = COMPUTER-LITERATE  [COMPUTER + -ATE3, on the pattern of LITERATE]

computerize /kəmˈpju:təraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  equip with a computer; install a computer in 为…配备计算机，为…安装计算机 2  store, perform, or produce by computer 用计算机操作(存储、完成或生产等) □ computerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

computer-literate adj.  able to use computers; familiar with the operation of computers 非计算机盲的，会使用计算机的

computer programmer n.  a person who writes computer programs 计算机程序员

computer science n.  the study of the principles and use of computers 计算机科学

computer virus n.  a hidden code within a computer program intended to corrupt a system or destroy data stored in it 计算机病毒

compère /ˈkɒmpɛə/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  a person who introduces and links the artistes in a variety show etc.; a master of ceremonies (节目的)主持人；(典礼仪式的)主持人 ●v.  1 tr.  act as a compère to 主持，当…的主持人 2 intr.  act as compère 当主持人 [French, = godfather, from Romanic (as COM-, Latin pater ‘father’)]

comrade /ˈkɒmreid/ n.  1 (also 亦作 comrade-in-arms)  a (usu. of males) a workmate, friend, or companion (通常指男性)同事，朋友，伙伴b  a fellow soldier etc. 战友 2 Polit.  a fellow socialist or communist (often as a form of address) 【政】(社会主义者或共产党人之间的称呼)同志 □ comradely  adj.  □ comradeship  n.   [earlier cama- camerade, via French camerade, camarade (originally fem.) and Spanish camarada ‘room-mate’, from Latin CAMERA]

Comsat /ˈkɒmsæt/ n. propr.  a communication satellite [商标]通信卫星 [abbreviation]

con1 /kɒn/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a confidence trick 骗局 ●v. tr. (conned, conning)  swindle; deceive 诈骗，欺骗  conned him into thinking he had won  欺骗他，使他以为自己赢了 [abbreviation]

con2 /kɒn/ n., prep. & adv. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a reason against 反对…的理由 ●prep. & adv.  against (cf. 参见 PRO2) 反对 [Latin contra ‘against’]

con3 /kɒn/ n. slang  a convict [俚语]囚犯，罪犯 [abbreviation]

con4 /kɒn/ v. tr. (US [美] conn) (conned, conning) Naut.  direct the steering of (a ship) 【海】指挥(船只的)驾驶 [apparently weakened form of obsolete cond, condie, via French conduire, from Latin conducere CONDUCT]

con5 /kɒn/ v. tr. (conned, conning) (often foll. by 常后跟 over) archaic  study, learn by heart [古义]熟读；研究；默记  conned his part well  把他的台词背得很熟 [Middle English cunn-, con, forms of CAN1]

con- /kɒn, kən/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before c, d, f, g, j, n, q, s, t, v, and sometimes before vowels.COM- 的同化形式(位于 c 、 d 、 f 、 g 、 j 、 n 、 q 、 s 、 t 、 v 之前，有时也位于元音之前)

conacre /ˈkɒneikə/ n. Ir.  the letting by a tenant of small portions of land prepared for crops or grazing [爱尔兰] (佃户的)小块地租赁 [CORN1 + ACRE]

con amore /ˌkɒn æˈmɔ:rei, 意 kɔn aˈmo:re/ adv.  1  with devotion or zeal 热情地，热心地 2 Mus.  tenderly 【音】亲切地，温柔地 [Italian, = with love]

conation /kəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. Philos. & Psychol. 【哲】【心】  1  the desire to perform an action 意动，意图 2  voluntary action; volition 自愿的行动；行动意志 □ conative  /ˈkɒnətiv, ˈkəʊ-/ adj.   [Latin conatio from conari ‘try’]

con brio /kɒn ˈbri:əʊ/ adv. Mus.  with vigour 【音】活泼有力地 [Italian]

concatenate /kənˈkætineit/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  link together (a chain of events, things, etc.) 把(一系列事件、事情等)联系起来 ●adj.  joined; linked 连接的；联系在一起的 □ concatenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin concatenare (as COM-, catenare from catena ‘chain’)]

concave /ˈkɒnkeiv/ adj.  having an outline or surface curved like the interior of a circle or sphere (cf. 参见 CONVEX) 凹的，凹面的 □ concavely  adv.  □ concavity  /-ˈkæviti/ n.   [Latin concavus (as COM-, cavus ‘hollow’), or through French concave]

conceal /kənˈsi:l/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  keep secret 隐瞒  concealed her motive from him  对他隐瞒了她的动机 2  not allow to be seen; hide 隐藏，掩盖  concealed the letter in her pocket  把信藏在她的衣袋里 □ concealer  n.  □ concealment  n.   [Middle English via Old French conceler from Latin concelare (as COM-, celare ‘hide’)]

concede /kənˈsi:d/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  admit (a defeat etc.) to be true 承认(失败等)为真，不情愿地承认  conceded that his work was inadequate  承认他的工作做得不够b  admit defeat in 承认失败，认输 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  grant, yield, or surrender (a right, a privilege, points or a start in a game, etc.) 容许，授予，让与(权利、特权、得分或比赛发球权等) 3 Sport  allow an opponent to score (a goal) or to win (a match), etc. 【运动】让(对手)得分，让(对手)赢得比赛 □ conceder  n.   [French concéder or Latin concedere concess- (as COM-, cedere ‘yield’)]

conceit /kənˈsi:t/ n.  1  personal vanity; pride 自负；骄傲自满 2 literary [文学用语]  a  a far-fetched comparison, esp. as a stylistic affectation; a convoluted or unlikely metaphor 牵强附会的比喻；矫揉造作的文体b  a fanciful notion 别出心裁的想法 [Middle English from CONCEIVE, influenced by deceit, deceive, etc.]

conceited /kənˈsi:tid/ adj.  vain, proud 自负的，骄傲自满的 □ conceitedly  adv.  □ conceitedness  n.  

conceivable /kənˈsi:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being grasped or imagined; understandable 可想到的；可想像的；可理解的 □ conceivability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ conceivably  adv.  

conceive /kənˈsi:v/ v.  1 intr.  become pregnant 怀孕 2 tr.  become pregnant with (a child) 怀(胎) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  imagine, fancy, think 想像，幻想，想到  can't conceive that he could be guilty  真想不到他会犯罪b (usu. in passive 通常用被动形式)  formulate, express (a belief, a plan, etc.) 构想，设想(计划等)；表达(信念等) □ conceive of   form in the mind; imagine 构想，想像 [Middle English via Old French conceiv-, stressed stem of concevoir, from Latin concipere concept- (as COM-, capere ‘take’)]

concelebrate /kɒnˈselibreit/ v. intr. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1 (of priests) celebrate the Mass together (几位牧师)共同主领(弥撒) 2 (esp. of a newly ordained priest) celebrate the Mass with the ordaining bishop (尤指新受圣职的神父与授职主教)共同主领(弥撒) □ concelebrant  /-br(ə)nt/ n.  □ concelebration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin concelebrare (as COM-, celebrare CELEBRATE)]

concentrate /ˈkɒns(ə)ntreit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  focus all one's attention or mental ability 集中注意力，全神贯注 2 tr.  bring together (troops, power, attention, etc.) to one point; focus 集结(部队)；集中(权力、注意力等) 3 tr.  increase the strength of (a solution etc.) by removing water or other diluting agent 浓缩(溶液等) 4 tr. (as 作 concentrated adj.) (of hate etc.) intense, strong (指仇恨等)强烈的 ●n.  1  a concentrated substance 浓缩物 2  a concentrated form of esp. food (尤指)浓缩食品 □ concentratedly  adv.  □ concentrative  adj.  □ concentrator  n.   [from earlier concentre or its source, French concentrer (as CON- + CENTRE)]

concentration /kɒns(ə)nˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or power of focusing one's attention or mental ability 专心，专注；注意力  needs to develop concentration  需要培养专心致志的能力 broke my concentration  打断了我的注意力 2  the act of gathering or bringing together 集中，聚集 3  something so gathered 集中物，聚集物  a concentration of resources  集中资源 4 Chem. 【化】  a  the act of strengthening a solution by the removal of solvent 浓缩b  the strength of a solution, esp. the amount of solute per unit volume of solution 浓度

concentration camp n.  a camp for the detention of political prisoners, internees, etc., esp. in Nazi Germany (关押政治犯、被拘留者等的)集中营；(尤指纳粹德国的)集中营

concentre /kɒnˈsentə/ v. tr. & intr. (US [美] concenter)  bring or come to a common centre 使集中于同一中心，集中 [French concentrer: see CONCENTRATE]

concentric /kənˈsentrik/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (esp. of circles) having a common centre (cf. 参见 ECCENTRIC adj. 2a) (尤指数个圆)同圆心的 □ concentrically  adv.  □ concentricity  /kɒnsenˈtrisiti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French concentrique or medieval Latin concentricus (as COM-, CENTRE)]

concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n.  1  a general notion; an abstract idea 概念，观念，思想  the concept of evolution  进化论的观点 2 colloq.  an idea or invention to help sell or publicize a commodity [口] (商品的)新颖设计，创造性设计  a new concept in swimwear  游泳衣的新颖设计 3 Philos.  an idea or mental picture of a group or class of objects formed by combining all their aspects 【哲】概念 [Late Latin conceptus from concept-: see CONCEIVE]

conception /kənˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of conceiving; the process of being conceived 构想，设想 2  an idea or plan, esp. as being new or daring 概念，观念；设计，计划  the whole conception showed originality  整个设计表现出了独创性 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  understanding; ability to imagine 理解力；想像力  has no conception of what it entails  想像不出它将需要什么 □ conceptional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin conceptio -onis (as CONCEPT)]

conceptive /kənˈseptiv/ adj.  1  conceiving mentally 构想的，设想的 2  of conception 概念上的 [Latin conceptivus (as CONCEPTION)]

conceptual /kənˈseptjʊəl/ adj.  of mental conceptions or concepts 概念的；观念的 □ conceptually  adv.   [medieval Latin conceptualis from conceptus (as CONCEPT)]

conceptualism /kənˈseptjʊəliz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that universals exist, but only as concepts in the mind 【哲】概念论(即宇宙在人的头脑中作为一些概念而存在的观点) □ conceptualist  n.  

conceptualize /kənˈseptjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  form a concept or idea of 使概念化，形成概念(或想法) □ conceptualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

conceptus /kənˈseptəs/ n.  the product of conception in the womb, esp. the embryo in the early stages of pregnancy 孕体(尤指怀孕初期的胚胎) [Latin, = conception, embryo]

concern /kənˈsɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  be relevant or important to 涉及，和…有关；对…重要  this concerns you  这件事和你有关b  relate to; be about 有关联；关于 2 (usu. 通常作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 with, in, about, or to + infin.)  interest or involve oneself 使挂念，使牵扯  don't concern yourself with my problems  你不用为我的事情担心 3  worry, affect 使担心，使不安  it concerns me that he is always late  他总是迟到，使我不安 ●n.  1  anxiety, worry 担心，忧虑，挂念  felt a deep concern  感到非常忧虑 2  a  a matter of interest or importance to one 感兴趣的事，重要的事  no concern of mine  跟我毫无关系b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  affairs; private business 事务；私事  chatted about departmental concerns  谈论部门的事务 3  a business; a firm 公司；企业  quite a prosperous concern  一个生意很兴隆的公司 4 colloq.  a complicated or awkward thing [口]复杂的事，难堪的事  have lost the whole concern  把一切难堪的事都抛在脑后 □ have a concern in   have an interest or share in 在…中有利害关系，在…中有一份□ have no concern with   have nothing to do with 与…无关□ to whom it may concern   to those who have a proper interest in the matter (as an address to the reader of a testimonial, reference, etc.) (推荐书、介绍信的开头用语)敬启者，致有关负责人 [French concerner or Late Latin concernere (as COM-, cernere ‘sift, discern’)]

concerned /kənˈsɜ:nd/ adj.  1  involved, interested 有关的，有牵连的；感性趣的  the people concerned  有关的人 concerned with proving his innocence  很想证明他是清白无辜的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that, about, at, for, or to + infin.)  troubled, anxious 担心的，忧虑的，挂念的  concerned about him  牵挂他 concerned to hear that  听到那件事情后很担心 □ as (or so) far as I am concerned   as regards my interests 就我而言，对我来说□ be concerned  (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take part 参与，参加□ I am not concerned   it is not my business 与我无关□ concernedly  /-ˈsɜ:nidli/ adv.  □ concernedness  /-ˈsɜ:nidnis/ n.  

concerning /kənˈsɜ:niŋ/ prep.  about, regarding 论及，关于

concernment /kənˈsɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n. formal [正式]  1  an affair or business 事务，事情 2  importance 重要(性) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a state of being concerned; anxiety 挂念，忧虑

concert n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnsət/  1  a musical performance of usu. several separate compositions (通常演奏多部作品的)音乐会 2  agreement, accordance, harmony 一致，和谐，协调 3  a combination of voices or sounds 和声；协奏曲 ●v. tr. /kənˈsɜ:t/  arrange (by mutual agreement or coordination) 协调，一致行动 □ in concert   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  acting jointly and accordantly 一致行动，联合行动 2 (作 predic.) (of a musician) in a performance (音乐家)在演奏 [French concert (n.), concerter (v.) from Italian concertare ‘harmonize’]

concertante /kɒntʃəˈtænti/ n. (pl. concertanti pronunc. same 单复发音同) (often 常作 attrib.) Mus. 【音】  1  a piece of music containing one or more solo parts (usu. of less prominence or weight than in a concerto) (由两个独奏部分组成的)协奏乐段 2 hist.  those instrumental parts that are present throughout a piece of music [史义] (贯穿音乐作品始终的)器乐部分 [Italian]

concerted /kənˈsɜ:tid/ adj.  1  combined together; jointly arranged or planned 联合的，合作的；一致的  a concerted effort  一致努力 2 Mus.  arranged in parts for voices or instruments 【音】分声部的

concert-goer n.  a person who often goes to concerts (经常)出席音乐会者

concert grand n.  the largest size of grand piano, used for concerts 平台钢琴，(音乐会用的)大钢琴

concert hall n.  a hall for the public performance of concerts (公共)音乐厅

concertina /kɒnsəˈti:nə/ n. & v. ●n.  a musical instrument, usu. polygonal in form, held in the hands and stretched and squeezed like bellows, having reeds and a set of buttons at each end to control the valves 六角形手风琴 ●v. tr. & intr. (concertinas, concertinaed /-nəd/ or concertina'd, concertinaing /-nə(r)iŋ/)  compress or collapse in folds like those of a concertina 使折叠成褶裥状，使起皱纹  the car concertinaed into the bridge  那汽车撞在了桥上，形成了褶裥 [CONCERT + -INA]

concertino /kɒntʃəˈti:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus. 【音】  1  a simple or short concerto 小协奏曲 2  a solo instrument or solo instruments playing in a concerto (大协奏曲中的)独奏乐器(组) [Italian, diminutive of CONCERTO]

concert master n. esp. N. Amer.  the leading first-violin player in some orchestras [尤北美]首席小提琴手

concerto /kənˈtʃɜ:təʊ, -ˈtʃɛətəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or concerti /-ti/) Mus.  a composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra 【音】协奏曲 [Italian (see CONCERT)]

concerto grosso /ˈɡrɒsəʊ/ n. (pl. concerti grossi /-si/)  a composition for a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra 大协奏曲 [CONCERTO + grosso ‘big’]

concert overture n. Mus.  a piece like an overture but intended for independent performance 【音】音乐会序曲

concert performance n. Brit.  a performance (of an opera etc.) without scenery, costumes, or action [英] (歌剧等的)音乐会演唱

concert pianist n.  a classical pianist who regularly works as a soloist in concert performances 音乐会独奏钢琴师

concert pitch n.  1 Mus.  the standard pitch, internationally agreed in 1960, whereby the A above middle C = 440 Hz 【音】音乐会音高，国际标准音高 (= 440 Hz) 2  a state of unusual readiness, efficiency, and keenness (for action etc.) (采取行动等的)最佳状态

concession /kənˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of conceding something asked or required 让步，让与；承认，认可  made the concession that we were right  承认我们是对的b  a thing conceded 让与物，认可物 2  a reduction in price for a certain category of person (对某些人的)减价，优惠价 3  a  the right to use land or other property, granted esp. by a government or local authority, esp. for a specific use (尤指政府或地方当局授予的使用土地或财产的)特许，特许权b  the right, given by a company, to sell goods, esp. in a particular territory (尤指公司授予在特定地区的)产品销售权c  the land or property used or given 特许使用的土地(或财产) □ concessional  adj.  □ concessionary  adj.   [French concession from Latin concessio (as CONCEDE)]

concessionaire /kənseʃəˈnɛə/ n. (also 亦作 concessionnaire)  the holder of a concession or grant, esp. for the use of land or trading rights (土地使用、产品销售等的)特许权获得者 [French concessionnaire (as CONCESSION)]

concessive /kənˈsesiv/ adj.  1  of or tending to concession 让步的；倾向于让步的 2 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a preposition or conjunction) introducing a phrase or clause which might be expected to preclude the action of the main clause, but does not (e.g. 如 in spite of 尽管 , although 虽然) (指介词或连词)表示让步关系的b (of a phrase or clause) introduced by a concessive preposition or conjunction (短语或从句)由表示让步的介词或连词引导的 [Late Latin concessivus (as CONCEDE)]

conch /kɒŋk, kɒn(t)ʃ/ n. (pl. conchs /kɒŋks/ or conches /ˈkɒntʃiz/)  1  a  a thick heavy spiral shell, occasionally bearing long projections, of various marine gastropod molluscs of the family Strombidae 海螺壳(指海洋腹足纲凤螺壳软体动物坚硬的螺旋形外壳)b  any of these gastropods 海螺 2 Archit.  the domed roof of a semicircular apse 【建】穹内凹顶，半圆形拱顶 3  = CONCHA  [Latin concha ‘shell’, from Greek kogkhē]

concha /ˈkɒŋkə/ n. (pl. conchae /-ki:/) Anat.  a part resembling a shell, esp. the depression in the external ear leading to its central cavity 【解】(尤指类似于贝壳的)外耳 [Latin: see CONCH]

conchie /ˈkɒnʃi/ n. (also 亦作 conchy) (pl. -ies) Brit. slang derog.  a conscientious objector [英] [俚语] [贬]拒服兵役者 [abbreviation]

conchoidal /kɒŋˈkɔid(ə)l/ adj. Mineral. (of a solid fracture etc.) resembling the surface of a bivalve shell 【矿】(断裂、断面等)贝壳状的

conchology /kɒŋˈkɒlədʒi/ n. Zool.  the scientific study of molluscs and their shells 【动】贝壳学，贝类学 □ conchological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ conchologist  n.   [Greek kogkhē ‘shell’ + -LOGY]

conchy var.  of CONCHIE  CONCHIE 的变体

concierge /ˈkɒnsiɛəʒ/ n.  1 (esp. in France) a doorkeeper or porter of a block of flats etc. (尤指法国公寓区等的)看门人，看守人 2  a person in a hotel employed to assist guests by booking tours, making reservations, etc. (负责帮旅客安排旅行事宜、预订房间等的)旅馆服务台职员 [French, probably ultimately from Latin conservus ‘fellow slave’]

conciliar /kənˈsiliə/ adj.  of or concerning a council, esp. an ecclesiastical council 政务会的，理事会的(尤指教会会议的) [medieval Latin consiliarius ‘counsellor’]

conciliate /kənˈsilieit/ v. tr.  1  make calm and amenable; pacify 使平静；安抚，抚慰 2  gain (esteem or goodwill) 博得(尊重或友善) 3 archaic  reconcile, make compatible [古义]使和解，使和好，使和睦 □ conciliative  /-ˈsiliətiv/ adj.  □ conciliator  n.  □ conciliatory  /-ˈsiliət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ conciliatoriness  /-ˈsiliət(ə)rinis/ n.   [Latin conciliare ‘combine, gain’ from concilium: see COUNCIL]

conciliation /kənsiliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the use of conciliating measures; reconcilement 安抚，抚慰；和好，和解 [Latin conciliatio (as CONCILIATE)]

concinnity /kənˈsiniti/ n.  elegance or neatness of literary style (文体)优美；简洁 [Latin concinnitas from concinnus ‘well-adjusted’]

concise /kənˈsais/ adj. (of speech, writing, style, or a person) brief but comprehensive in expression (语言、文字、风格或人)简明的，简洁的，言简意赅的 □ concisely  adv.  □ conciseness  n.   [French concis or Latin concisus, past part. of concidere (as COM-, caedere ‘cut’)]

concision /kənˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n. (esp. of literary style) the quality of state of being concise; conciseness (尤指文体)简明(性)，简洁(性) [Middle English from Latin concisio (as CONCISE)]

conclave /ˈkɒŋkleiv/ n.  1  a private meeting 秘密会议，秘密集会 2 RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  the assembly of cardinals for the election of a pope (红衣主教选举教皇的)秘密会议b  the meeting place for a conclave (红衣主教选举教皇的)秘密会议室 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conclave ‘lockable room’ (as COM-, clavis ‘key’)]

conclude /kənˈklu:d/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end (使)结束 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, or that + clause)  infer (from given premisses) (从已知前提)推断出，断定  what did you conclude?  你得出了什么结论？ concluded from the evidence that he had been mistaken  根据证据断定他是被误解了 3 tr.  settle, arrange (a treaty etc.) 议定，缔结(条约等) 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) esp. US  decide [尤美]决定 [Middle English from Latin concludere (as COM-, claudere ‘shut’)]

conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a final result; a termination 结果，结局 2  a judgement reached by reasoning (推理得出的)结论，推论 3  the summing-up of an argument, article, book, etc. (论点、文章、书籍等的)结论，结束语 4  a settling; an arrangement (解决问题的)办法，约定；非正式协议  the conclusion of peace  和平协议的签订 5 Logic  a proposition that is reached from given premisses, esp. the third and last part of a syllogism 【逻辑学】(尤指三段论的)性质判断结论 □ in conclusion   lastly, to conclude 最后，总之，综上所述□ try conclusions with   engage in a trial of skill etc. with 与…决胜负，和…比高低 [Middle English from Old French conclusion or Latin conclusio (as CONCLUDE)]

conclusive /kənˈklu:siv/ adj.  decisive, convincing 决定性的；结论性的；有说服力的 □ conclusively  adv.  □ conclusiveness  n.   [Late Latin conclusivus (as CONCLUSION)]

concoct /kənˈkɒkt/ v. tr.  1  make by mixing ingredients 调合，调制  concocted a stew  调制一份炖肉菜 2  invent (a story, a lie, etc.) 编造(故事、谎话等) □ concocter  n.  □ concoction  /-ˈkɒkʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ concoctor  n.   [Latin concoquere concoct- (as COM-, coquere ‘cook’)]

concomitance /kənˈkɒmit(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 concomitancy /-(ə)nsi/)  1  coexistence 共存，并存 2 Theol.  the doctrine of the coexistence of the body and blood of Christ both in the bread and in the wine of the Eucharist 【神】(圣餐中耶稣的)血肉同在教义 [medieval Latin concomitantia (as CONCOMITANT)]

concomitant /kənˈkɒmit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  going together; associated 相伴的；伴随的  concomitant circumstances  伴随情况 ●n.  an accompanying thing 伴随物；伴随情况 □ concomitantly  adv.   [Late Latin concomitari (as COM-, comitari from Latin comes -mitis ‘companion’)]

concord /ˈkɒŋkɔ:d/ n.  1  agreement or harmony between people or things (人或事物之间的)和谐，协调，一致 2  a treaty 协定，协约 3 Mus.  a chord that is pleasing or satisfactory in itself 【音】协和音程，协和和弦 4 Gram.  agreement between words in gender, number, etc. 【语法】(性、数等的)一致关系 [Middle English via Old French concorde from Latin concordia, from concors ‘of one mind’ (as COM-, cors from cor cordis ‘heart’)]

concordance /kənˈkɔ:d(ə)ns/ n.  1  agreement 和谐，协调，一致 2  a book containing an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by an author, usu. with citations of the passages concerned (书籍中或某作家使用的)词语索引 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin concordantia (as CONCORDANT)]

concordant /kənˈkɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  agreeing, harmonious 和谐的，协调的，一致的 2 Mus.  in harmony 【音】协和(音程)的，协和(和弦)的 □ concordantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin concordare, from concors (as CONCORD)]

concordat /kənˈkɔ:dæt/ n.  an agreement, esp. between the Roman Catholic Church and a state 协议；(尤指天主教会与一国政府达成的)宗教协定 [French concordat or Latin concordatum, neut. past part. of concordare (as CONCORDANCE)]

concourse /ˈkɒŋkɔ:s/ n.  1  a crowd 人群 2  a coming together; a gathering 集合，集会；汇集  a concourse of ideas  几种观点的汇集 3  an open central area in a large public building, a railway station, etc. (公共建筑的)大厅；(火车站的)广场 [Middle English via Old French concours from Latin concursus (as CONCUR)]

concrescence /kənˈkres(ə)ns/ n. Biol.  coalescence; growing together 【生】(伤口等的)愈合，合生 □ concrescent  adj.   [CON-, on the pattern of excrescence etc.]

concrete adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/  1  a  existing in a material form; real 有形的；实在的b  specific, definite 具体的，确实的，确定的  concrete evidence  确凿的证据 a concrete proposal  具体的建议 2 Gram. (of a noun) denoting a material object as opposed to an abstract quality, state, or action 【语法】(名词)具体的(与抽象的性质、状态或行为相对) ●n. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/ (often 常作 attrib.)  a composition of gravel, sand, cement, and water, used for building 混凝土 ●v.  1 tr. /ˈkɒŋkri:t/  a  cover with concrete 用混凝土覆盖b  embed in concrete 嵌入混凝土中 2 /kənˈkri:t/  a tr. & intr.  form into a mass; solidify 使固结；使凝固b tr.  make concrete instead of abstract 使具体化 □ in the concrete   in reality or in practice 实际上，具体地□ concretely  adv.  □ concreteness  n.   [French concret or Latin concretus, past part. of concrescere (as COM-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

concrete mixer n.  a machine, usu. with a revolving drum, used for mixing concrete 混凝土搅拌机

concrete music n.  = MUSIQUECONCRÈTE 

concrete poetry n.  poetry in which part of the meaning is conveyed visually, by means of patterns of words or letters and other typographical devices 具体派诗歌(用单词、字母和其他排印方法组合，有形地转达部分意义的诗歌流派)

concretion /kənˈkri:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a hard solid concreted mass 凝结物，固结物b  the forming of this by coalescence 凝结，固结 2 Med.  a stony mass formed within the body 【医】结石 3 Geol.  a small round mass of rock particles embedded in limestone or clay 【地质】结核(体) □ concretionary  adj.   [French, from Latin concretio (as CONCRETE)]

concretize /ˈkɒŋkritaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make concrete instead of abstract 使具体化 □ concretization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

concubinage /kɒnˈkju:binidʒ/ n.  1  the cohabitation of a man and woman not married to each other 姘居，非法同居 2  the state of being or having a concubine 当妾；纳妾 [Middle English from French (as CONCUBINE)]

concubine /ˈkɒŋkjʊbain/ n.  1  a woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife 姘妇，情妇 2 (in polygamous societies) a secondary wife (一夫多妻制社会的)妾，小老婆，姨太太 □ concubinary  /kənˈkju:bin(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin concubina (as COM-, cubina from cubare ‘lie’)]

concupiscence /kənˈkju:pis(ə)ns/ n. formal  sexual desire [正式]性欲，色欲，淫欲，肉欲 □ concupiscent  adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin concupiscentia from Latin concupiscere ‘begin to desire’ (as COM-, inceptive of cupere ‘desire’)]

concur /kənˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (concurred, concurring)  1  happen together; coincide 同时发生 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  agree in opinion 同意b  express agreement 赞同 3  combine together for a cause; act in combination 共同构成 (…的原因)；合作行动 [Latin concurrere (as COM-, currere ‘run’)]

concurrent /kənˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  existing or in operation at the same time 同时实施的，同时起作用的  served two concurrent sentences  合并执行两个徒刑b  existing or acting together 并存的；合作的 2 Geom. (of three or more lines) meeting at or tending towards one point 【几】 (3 条以上的线段)共点的，汇合的 3  agreeing, harmonious 同意的；一致的，协调的 □ concurrence  n.  □ concurrently  adv.  

concuss /kənˈkʌs/ v. tr.  1  subject to concussion 使(脑)震荡 2  shake violently 剧烈摇动，震动 3 archaic  intimidate [古义]恐吓，威胁 □ concussive  adj.   [Latin concutere concuss- (as COM-, cutere = quatere ‘shake’)]

concussion /kənˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med.  temporary unconsciousness or incapacity due to a blow on the head 【医】脑震荡，(因击打头部造成的)暂时性昏迷 2  violent shaking; shock 剧烈摇动(或震动) [Latin concussio (as CONCUSS)]

condemn /kənˈdem/ v. tr.  1  express utter disapproval of; censure 谴责，责备；指摘  was condemned for his irresponsible behaviour  因为他不负责任的行为而受到谴责 2  a  find guilty; convict 宣告…有罪b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  sentence to (a punishment, esp. death) 判处徒刑(尤指死刑)c  bring about the conviction of 证明…有罪  his looks condemn him  他的神态就证明了他有罪 3  pronounce (a building etc.) unfit for use or habitation 宣告(建筑物等)不适于居住 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  doom or assign (to something unwelcome or painful) 分派(苦差)；注定受苦  condemned to spending hours at the kitchen sink  被迫在厨房刷几个小时的碗 5  declare (smuggled goods, property, etc.) to be forfeited 宣布没收(走私品、财产等) □ condemnable  /-ˈdemnəb(ə)l/ adj.  应受谴责的，应定罪的□ condemnation  /kɒndemˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ condemnatory  /-ˈdemnət(ə)ri/ adj.  表示谴责的，定罪的 [Middle English via Old French condem(p)ner from Latin condemnare (as COM-, damnare DAMN)]

condemned cell n. Brit.  a cell for a prisoner condemned to death [英]死牢

condensate /ˈkɒnd(ə)nseit/ n.  a substance produced by condensation 聚合物；缩合物；冷凝物

condensation /kɒndenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of condensing 凝聚，凝结，冷凝 2  any condensed material (esp. water on a cold surface) 凝结物，冷凝物(尤指寒冷表面上的水) 3  an abridgement 缩写，简缩，缩略 4 Chem.  the combination of molecules with the elimination of water or other small molecules 【化】聚合(作用)，缩合(作用) [Late Latin condensatio (as CONDENSE)]

condensation trail n.  = VAPOUR TRAIL 

condense /kənˈdens/ v.  1 tr.  make denser or more concentrated 使凝聚，使凝结；使(光线)聚集 2 tr.  express in fewer words; make concise 使缩短，使简洁，缩写 3 tr. & intr.  reduce or be reduced from a gas or vapour to a liquid (or occasionally a solid) (使气体、蒸汽)冷凝 □ condensable  adj.   [French condenser or Latin condensare (as COM-, densus ‘thick’)]

condensed milk n.  milk thickened by evaporation and sweetened 炼乳

condenser /kənˈdensə/ n.  1  an apparatus or vessel for condensing vapour (蒸汽)冷凝器 2 Electr. 【电】  = CAPACITOR  3  a lens or system of lenses for concentrating light 聚光器，聚光镜 4  a person or thing that condenses 缩写者；凝结器，缩合器

condescend /kɒndiˈsend/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) often iron.  be gracious enough (to do a thing that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance) [常讽]俯就，屈尊  condescended to speak to me in the street  放下架子在大街上和我说话 2 (foll. by 后跟 to) derog.  behave as if one is on equal terms with (a person), while maintaining an overt attitude of superiority [贬] (带有优越感地)假装平等对待，假装和蔼可亲  condescends to the junior staff  假惺惺地亲近下级职员 3 (as 作 condescending adj.)  patronizing; superciliously kind 屈尊俯就的 □ condescendingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French condescendre from ecclesiastical Latin condescendere (as COM-, DESCEND)]

condescension /kɒndiˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a patronizing manner 傲慢态度，恩惠态度 2  affability towards inferiors 俯就，屈尊 [obsolete French from ecclesiastical Latin condescensio (as CONDESCEND)]

condign /kənˈdain/ adj. (of a punishment etc.) severe and well-deserved (惩罚等)应得的，适当的 □ condignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French condigne from Latin condignus (as COM-, dignus ‘worthy’)]

condiment /ˈkɒndim(ə)nt/ n.  a seasoning or relish for food 调味品，佐料 [Middle English from Latin condimentum, from condire ‘pickle’]

condition /kənˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stipulation; something upon the fulfilment of which something else depends 先决条件；前提 2  a  the state of being or fitness of a person or thing (人的)健康程度；(事物的)状况，状态  arrived in bad condition  (货物)运达时已破损不堪 not in a condition to be used  状况已不适宜使用b  an ailment or abnormality 疾病；变态  a heart condition  心脏病 3 (in pl. 用复数)  circumstances, esp. those affecting the functioning or existence of something (尤指影响某物功能或存在的)环境，条件，情况，形势  working conditions are good  工作环境良好 4 archaic  social rank [古义]社会地位  all sorts and conditions of men  各种身份和地位的人 5 Gram.  a conditional clause 【语法】条件从句 6 US [美]  a  a requirement that a student must pass an examination etc. within a stated time to receive credit for a course (必须在规定时间内通过考试等才能拿到学分的)要求b  an unsatisfactory grade indicating this requirement 不及格的成绩，需要补考的成绩 ●v. tr.  1  a  bring into a good or desired state or condition 使健康，使处于良好(或令人满意)的状态b  make fit (esp. dogs or horses) 使(尤指狗、马等)健壮，使适应比赛 2  teach or accustom to adopt certain habits etc. 训练以适应(某种习惯)  conditioned by society  适应了社会 3  govern, determine 支配；决定；影响  his behaviour was conditioned by his drunkenness  他的行为受了醉酒的影响 4  a  impose conditions on 规定为…的条件，附加条件于b  be essential to 对…至关重要  the two things condition each other  这两件事互为条件 5  test the condition of (textiles etc.) 检验(纺织品等) 6 US  subject (a student) to a condition [美]给(学生)打需要补考的分数，使(学生)不及格 □ in (or out of) condition   in good (or bad) condition 情况良好(糟糕)□ in no condition to   certainly not fit to 当然不适合于□ on condition that   with the stipulation that 如果，在…条件下 [Middle English via Old French condicion (n.), condicionner (v.) or medieval Latin condicionare from Latin condicio -onis, from condicere ‘agree upon’ (as COM-, dicere ‘say’)]

conditional /kənˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  dependent; not absolute; containing a condition or stipulation 视…而定的；非绝对的；有前提条件的  a conditional offer  有条件的给予 2 Gram. (of a clause, mood, etc.) expressing a condition 【语法】(从句、语气等)条件的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a conditional clause etc. 条件从句 2  the conditional mood 条件式 □ conditionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  条件性，制约性，条件限制□ conditionally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French condicionel or from Late Latin conditionalis (as CONDITION)]

conditional discharge n.  an order made by a criminal court whereby an offender will not be sentenced for an offence unless a further offence is committed within a stated period 有条件假释(指法院做出的在规定期间内如不继续犯罪就不对某罪犯判刑的指令)

conditioned reflex n.  a reflex response to a non-natural stimulus, established by training 条件反射

conditioner /kənˈdiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  an agent that brings something into better condition, esp. a substance applied to the hair 调节剂(尤指护发剂)

condo /ˈkɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) N. Amer. colloq.  a condominium [北美口] (产权为居住者私有的)公寓套间 [abbreviation]

condolatory /kənˈdəʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.  expressing condolence 吊唁的，表示慰问的 [CONDOLE, on the pattern of consolatory etc.]

condole /kənˈdəʊl/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  express sympathy with (a person) over a loss, grief, etc. (对某人的忧伤或伤亡)表示同情，吊唁，慰问 [Late Latin condolēre (as COM-, dolēre ‘suffer’)]■Usage 用法说明 Condole is often confused with console (see CONSOLE1). Condole ‘to express sympathy’ is always followed by with, e.g. They condoled with him over the death of his brother. It is less common than console ‘to comfort’, which is followed by a direct object, e.g. They consoled him after the death of his brother. condole 经常与 console 用混(见 CONSOLE1) 。 condole 意为“表示同情”，其后总是跟介词 with ，如 They condoled with him over the death of his brother (他们因他哥哥的去世而对他表示慰问)。该词不如 console 常用。后者意为“安慰”，后面直接跟宾语，如 They consoled him after the death of his brother (他哥哥去世后他们对他进行了安慰)。 

condolence /kənˈdəʊl(ə)ns/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  an expression of sympathy 吊唁，慰唁，慰问  sent my condolences  请代我表示慰问

condom /ˈkɒndəm/ n.  a rubber sheath worn on the penis or (usu. 通常作 female condom) in the vagina during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or to prevent infection (男用)安全套，避孕套，保险套；(女用)避孕隔膜 [18th c.: origin unknown]

condominium /kɒndəˈminiəm/ n.  1  the joint control of a state's affairs by other states (一国事务的)国际共管 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a building containing flats, or an area of land containing a complex of houses, which are individually owned (产权为居住者私有的)公寓，庭院b  such a flat or house (产权为居住者私有的)公寓套间 [modern Latin (as COM-, dominium DOMINION)]

condone /kənˈdəʊn/ v. tr.  1  forgive or overlook (an offence or wrongdoing) 宽恕，不咎(罪过或过错) 2  approve or sanction, usu. reluctantly (通常为不情愿地)批准，准许 3 (of an action) atone for (an offence); make up for (行为等)赎罪；补偿过失 □ condonation  /kɒndəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ condoner  n.   [Latin condonare ‘permit a debt, refrain from punishing’ (as COM-, donare ‘give’)]

condor /ˈkɒndɔ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 Andean condor)  a large vulture, Vultur gryphus, of S. America, having black plumage with a white neck ruff and a fleshy wattle on the forehead 大秃鹫(鹫属猛禽，产于南美洲，全身羽毛为黑色，脖颈处有白色翎颌，头顶上有一肉垂) 2 (in full 全称 California condor)  a rare vulture, Gymnogyps californianus, of California 兀鹰，兀鹫(裸鹫属猛禽，产于美国加州南部山区，已濒于灭绝) [Spanish, from Quechua cuntur]

condottiere /ˌkɒndɒtiˈɛəri, 意 kɔndotˈtjere/ n. (pl. condottieri pronunc. same 单复发音同) hist.  a leader or a member of a troop of mercenaries in Italy etc. [史义] (意大利等地的)雇佣军首领(或成员) [Italian from condotto ‘troop under contract’, from condotta ‘contract’ (as CONDUCT)]

conduce /kənˈdju:s/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) (usu. of an event or attribute) lead or contribute to (a result) (通常指事件或品质)导致(某种结果)，有助于 [Latin conducere conduct- (as COM-, ducere duct- ‘lead’)]

conducive /kənˈdju:siv/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  contributing or helping (towards something) (对某事)有助于…的，有益于…的  not a conducive atmosphere for negotiation  不利于谈判的气氛 good health is conducive to happiness  身体健康有益于幸福的生活

conduct n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒndʌkt/  1  behaviour (esp. in its moral aspect) (尤指道德方面的)举止，行为，品行 2  the action or manner of directing or managing (business, war, etc.) (企业的)管理活动；(战争的)指挥方式 3 Art  the mode of treatment; execution 【艺术】处理手法；技巧 4  the action of leading; guidance 领导；指导 ●v. /kənˈdʌkt/  1 tr.  lead or guide (a person or persons) 指挥；领导 2 tr.  direct or manage (business etc.) 管理；经营(企业等) 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be the conductor of (an orchestra, choir, etc.) (在乐队、合唱团等)当指挥 4 tr. Physics  transmit (heat, electricity, etc.) by conduction 【物理学】传导(热、电等) 5 refl.  behave 表现，为人  conducted himself appropriately  他行为端正 □ conductible  /kənˈdʌktib(ə)l/ adj.  (热、电等)可传导的□ conductibility  /kəndʌktiˈbiliti/ n.  (对热、电等的)传导性 [Middle English from Latin conductus (as COM-, ducere duct- ‘lead’): the verb via Old French conduite, past part. of conduire]

conductance /kənˈdʌkt(ə)ns/ n. Physics  the power of a specified material to conduct electricity 【物理学】导电性，电导

conducted tour n.  a tour led by a guide on a fixed itinerary 有导游陪同的旅行

conduction /kənˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the transmission of heat through a substance from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature 热传导，导热b  the transmission of electricity through a substance by the application of an electric field 电传导，导电 2  the transmission of impulses along nerves (神经感应的)传导 3  the conducting of liquid through a pipe etc. (液体的)输送，输导 [French conduction or Latin conductio (as CONDUCT)]

conductive /kənˈdʌktiv/ adj.  having the property of conducting (esp. heat, electricity, etc.) (尤指对热、电等)有传导性的，有传导力的 □ conductively  adv.  

conductive education n. Brit.  a system of education for children and adults with motor disorders [英]传导教育(对患有运动神经紊乱的儿童和成人进行的一种教育)

conductivity /kɒndʌkˈtiviti/ n.  the conducting power of a specified material 传导性；传导率；电导率

conductor /kənˈdʌktə/ n.  1  a person who directs the performance of an orchestra or choir etc. (乐队、合唱团等的)指挥 2 (fem. conductress /-tris/)  a  a person who collects fares in a bus etc. (公共汽车等的)售票员b US  an official in charge of a train [美]列车长 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  a thing that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, esp. regarded in terms of its capacity to do this (热或电的)导体  a poor conductor  不良导体b  = LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR  4  a guide or leader 向导，带路人 5  a manager or director 指挥者；管理者 □ conductorship  n.   [Middle English via French conducteur from Latin conductor (as CONDUCT)]

conductor rail n. Brit.  a rail transmitting current to an electric train etc. [英] (电力机车等的)导电轨，接触轨

conduct sheet n.  a record of a person's offences and punishments (记录某人犯罪和受罚情况的)前科档案

conductus /kənˈdʌktəs/ n. (pl. conducti /-tai/)  a musical composition of the 12th － 13th c., with Latin text 康度克土斯 (12 至 13 世纪的一种拉丁文歌曲) [medieval Latin: see CONDUIT]

conduit /ˈkɒndit, -jʊit/ n.  1  a channel or pipe for conveying liquids 渠道，引水道；管道；导管 2  a  a tube or trough for protecting insulated electric wires 导线管，导线槽b  a length or stretch of this 一段导线管 [Middle English via Old French conduit from medieval Latin conductus CONDUCT n.]

condyle /ˈkɒndil, -dail/ n. Anat.  a rounded process at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone 【解】髁(骨头上的突起，多在骨头的两端，与另一骨头一起构成关节) □ condylar  adj.  踝的□ condyloid  adj.  踝状的 [French via Latin condylus from Greek kondulos ‘knuckle’]

cone /kəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid figure with a circular (or other curved) plane base, tapering to a point 圆锥体 2  a thing of a similar shape, solid or hollow, e.g. as used to mark off areas of roads 圆锥形物(如公路上施工时用来作标志的圆锥体) 3  the dry fruit of a conifer (针叶树的)球果，球花 4  an ice-cream cornet 圆锥形蛋卷冰淇淋 5  any of the minute cone-shaped structures in the retina (视网膜中的)视锥 6  a conical mountain esp. of volcanic origin 尖峰(尤指火山锥) 7 (in full 全称 cone-shell)  any marine gastropod mollusc of the family Conidae 鸡心螺(一种海洋腹足纲软体动物) 8  a ceramic pyramid, melting at a known temperature, used to indicate the temperature of a kiln 锥形陶瓷(在一定温度下熔化，用来表明窑内温度) ●v. tr.  1  shape like a cone 使成锥形 2 (foll. by 后跟 off) Brit.  mark off (a road etc.) with cones [英] (道路施工时)用锥形路标为车辆导流 [French cône via Latin conus from Greek kōnos]

coney var.  of CONY  CONY 的变体

confab /ˈkɒnfæb/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a conversation; a chat 谈话；闲谈，聊天 ●v. intr. (confabbed, confabbing)  = CONFABULATE  [abbreviation]

confabulate /kənˈfæbjʊleit/ v. intr.  1  converse, chat 谈话；闲谈，聊天 2 Psychol.  fabricate imaginary experiences as compensation for the loss of memory 【心】虚构经历(以弥补记忆力的丧失) □ confabulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  虚构症□ confabulatory  adj.   [Latin confabulari (as COM-, fabulari from fabula ‘tale’)]

confect /kənˈfekt/ v. tr. literary  make by putting together ingredients [文学用语]调制，搀和制成 [Latin conficere confect- ‘put together’ (as COM-, facere ‘make’)]

confection /kənˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dish or delicacy made with sweet ingredients 甜食 2  mixing, compounding 搀和，调制 3  a fashionable or elaborate article of women's dress 高级时髦女服 [Middle English via Old French from Latin confectio -onis (as CONFECT)]

confectioner /kənˈfekʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a maker or retailer of confectionery 甜食师傅；甜食商

confectioner's custard n.  a thick sweet custard used as a filling for cakes and pastries (用作糕点馅的)甜蛋奶糕

confectioner's sugar n. US  icing sugar [美] (制甜食用的)糖粉

confectionery /kənˈfekʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n.  sweets and other confections (总称)甜食

confederacy /kənˈfed(ə)rəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a league or alliance, esp. of confederate states (尤指由不同州结成的)邦联，联盟 2  a league for an unlawful or evil purpose; a conspiracy 非法结社；阴谋集团 3  the condition or fact of being confederate; alliance; conspiracy 结盟状态；密谋勾结状态 4 (作 the Confederacy)  the Confederate States (美国内战时期的)南部邦联 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French confederacie (as CONFEDERATE)]

confederate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /kənˈfed(ə)rət/ esp. Polit.  allied; joined by an agreement or treaty 【政】结盟的；联合的 ●n. /kənˈfed(ə)rət/  1  an ally, esp. (pejoratively) an accomplice 同盟者；共谋者(尤指共犯) 2 (作 Confederate)  a supporter of the Confederate States (美国)南部邦联的支持者 ●v. /kənˈfedəreit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 tr.  bring (a person, state, or oneself) into alliance 使结盟，使联合，使共谋 2 intr.  come into alliance 联盟，联合，共谋 [Late Latin confoederatus (as COM-, FEDERATE)]

Confederate States n. pl.  the southern states which seceded from the US in 1860 － 1 南部邦联 (1860 至 1861 年美国南北战争时退出美国的南部 11 州)

confederation /kənfedəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a union or alliance of states etc. (国家等的)同盟，联盟 2  the act or an instance of confederating; the state of being confederated 结盟，联合；结盟国家 [French confédération (as CONFEDERATE)]

confer /kənˈfɜ:/ v. (conferred, conferring)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  grant or bestow (a title, degree, favour, etc.) 授予(称号、学位等)；赐予(恩惠等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  converse, consult 商谈，协商，探讨，请教 □ conferrable  adj.  可授予(或赐予)的 [Latin conferre (as COM-, ferre ‘bring’)]

conferee /kɒnfəˈri:/ n.  1  a person on whom something is conferred 被授予(称号、学位)者；接受赐予者 2  a participant in a conference 参加商谈者，协商会出席者

conference /ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  consultation, discussion 讨论，协商，商谈 2  a meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an association or organization 协商会议，讨论会(尤指由协会组织定期举行的正式会议) 3  an annual assembly of the Methodist Church (循道宗教会的)年会 4  an association in commerce, sport, etc. 商业联合会；体育联合会 5  the linking of several telephones, computer terminals, etc., so that each user may communicate with the others simultaneously (电话、计算机终端设备等的)串联，连接 often 常作 attrib.: conference call  电话会议 ●v. intr. (usu. as 通常作 conferencing n.)  take part in a conference or conference call 出席协商会；参加电话会 □ in conference   engaged in discussion 正在开会，正在参加讨论 [French conférence or medieval Latin conferentia (as CONFER)]

conferment /kənˈfɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  1  the conferring of a degree, honour, etc. (学位的)授予；(恩惠的)赐予 2  an instance of this 授予学位；赐予恩惠

conferral /kənˈfɜ:r(ə)l/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = CONFERMENT 

confess /kənˈfes/ v.  1  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  acknowledge or admit (a fault, wrongdoing, etc.) 供认，坦白(过错、罪过等)b intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  admit to 承认  confessed to having lied  承认撒了谎 2 tr.  admit reluctantly 勉强承认  confessed it would be difficult  勉强承认这件事很难办 3  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  declare (one's sins) to a priest (向神父)忏悔罪过b tr. (of a priest) hear the confession of (神父)聆听告罪c refl.  declare one's sins to a priest 向神父忏悔罪过 [Middle English via Old French confesser and Romanic from Latin confessus, past part. of confitēri (as COM-, fatēri ‘declare, avow’)]

confessant /kənˈfes(ə)nt/ n.  a person who confesses to a priest 忏悔者

confessedly /kənˈfesidli/ adv.  by one's own or general admission 自己供认地；公开承认地

confession /kənˈfeʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  confessing or acknowledgement of a fault, wrongdoing, a sin to a priest, etc. (向神父等)忏悔罪过，告罪b  an instance of this 忏悔罪过的实例c  a thing confessed 忏悔的事情 2 (in full 全称 confession of faith)  a  a declaration of one's religious beliefs (对自己宗教信仰的)声明b  a statement of one's principles (对自己行为准则的)声明 □ confessionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin confessio -onis (as CONFESS)]

confessional /kənˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  an enclosed stall in a church in which a priest hears confessions (教堂中神父聆听告罪的)告解室 ●adj.  1  of or relating to confession 忏悔的，告罪的 2  denominational 教派的，宗派的 [French via Italian confessionale from medieval Latin, neut. of confessionalis (as CONFESSION)]

confessor /kənˈfesə/ n.  1  a person who makes a confession 供认者，坦白者；忏悔者，告罪者 2 /also 亦作 ˈkɒn-/  a priest who hears confessions and gives spiritual counsel 聆听告罪的神父，告解神父 3  a person who avows a religion in the face of its suppression, but does not suffer martyrdom 不畏受难的基督徒；(罗马天主教内非殉教者的)男圣徒 [Middle English via Anglo-French confessur, Old French -our, from ecclesiastical Latin confessor (as CONFESS)]

confetti /kənˈfeti/ n.  small pieces of coloured paper thrown by esp. wedding guests at the bride and groom (尤指婚礼时向新郎和新娘身上投撒的)五彩纸屑 [Italian, = sweetmeats, from Latin (as COMFIT): from the real or imitation sweets thrown during Italian carnivals]

confidant /kɒnfiˈdænt, ˈkɒnfidænt/ n. (fem. confidante pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  a person trusted with knowledge of one's private affairs (可向其吐露隐私的)密友，知己 [18th c. for earlier CONFIDENT (n.), probably to represent the pronunciation of French confidente (as CONFIDE)]

confide /kənˈfaid/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  tell (a secret etc.) in confidence 吐露(秘密等) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  entrust (an object of care, a task, etc.) to 托付(照管的事物)，委托(任务) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  a  have trust or confidence in 信任，信赖b  talk confidentially to 向…吐露秘密 □ confidingly  adv.   [Latin confidere (as COM-, fidere ‘trust’)]

confidence /ˈkɒnfid(ə)ns/ n.  1  firm trust 信任，信赖  have confidence in his ability  相信他的能力 2  a  a feeling of reliance or certainty 信心，把握b  a sense of self-reliance; boldness 自信，大胆 3  a  something told confidentially 私下里的话b  the telling of private matters with mutual trust 吐露隐私 □ in confidence   as a secret 作为秘密的，私下的□ in a person's confidence   trusted with a person's secrets 受某人的信任□ take into one's confidence   confide in 向…吐露内心的秘密 [Middle English from Latin confidentia (as CONFIDE)]

confidence level n. Statistics  the probability that the value of a parameter falls within a specified range of values 【统计学】置信水平，可信水平(指参数值在特定数值范围内下降的可能性)

confidence man n.  a man who robs or swindles by means of a confidence trick (以赢得他人信任而骗取钱财的)骗子

confidence trick n. (US [美] confidence game)  a swindle in which the victim is persuaded to trust the swindler in some way (诱使受害者信任骗子的)骗局 □ confidence trickster  n.  骗子

confident /ˈkɒnfid(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  feeling or showing confidence; self-assured, bold 自信的；有信心的，大胆的  spoke with a confident air  很自信地讲话 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  assured, trusting 确信的，肯定的  confident of your support  确信你会支持 confident that he will come  坚信他会来 ●n. archaic [古义]  = CONFIDANT  □ confidently  adv.   [French from Italian confidente (as CONFIDE)]

confidential /kɒnfiˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  spoken or written in confidence 秘密的，机密的 2  entrusted with secrets 担任机密工作的  a confidential secretary  机要秘书 3  confiding 深信不移的，可信任的 □ confidentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ confidentially  adv.  

configuration /kənfiɡəˈreiʃ(ə)n, -ɡjʊ-/ n.  1  a  an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or figure 配置，布局b  the form, shape, or figure resulting from such an arrangement 结构，构造；外形，轮廓 2 Astron. & Astrol.  the relative position of planets etc. 【天】【占】(行星的)位形，组态 3 Psychol. 【心】  = GESTALT  4 Physics  the distribution of electrons among the energy levels of an atom, or of nucleons among the energy levels of a nucleus, as specified by quantum numbers 【物理学】(原子能量级中的)电子分布；(核能量级中用量子数目来说明的)核子分布 5 Chem.  the fixed three-dimensional relationship of the atoms in a molecule 【化】构型(指分子中原子之间固定的三维空间关系) 6 Computing 【计算】  a  the interrelating or interconnecting of a computer system or elements of it so that it will accommodate a particular specification (计算机系统及其元件之间的)配置b  an instance of this (计算机系统)相互连接 □ configurational  adj.  □ configure  /kənˈfiɡə/ v. tr. (in senses 1, 2, 6 用于释义 1 、 2 、 6)   [Late Latin configuratio from Latin configurare (as COM-, figurare ‘fashion’)]

confine v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈfain/ (often foll. by 常后跟 in, to, within)  1  keep or restrict (within certain limits etc.) 局限，限制(在某个范围之内) 2  hold captive; imprison 关押；监禁 ●n. /ˈkɒnfain/ (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a limit or boundary 边界，界限，范围  within the confines of the town  在城区范围之内 □ be confined   be in childbirth 分娩；坐月子 [ultimately from Latin confinia (as COM-, finia, neut. pl. from finis ‘end, limit’), the verb via French confinir, the noun via French confins (pl.)]

confinement /kənˈfainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of confining; the state of being confined 限制，局限；关押，监禁 2  the time of a woman's giving birth 分娩，产褥期

confirm /kənˈfɜ:m/ v. tr.  1  provide support for the truth or correctness of; make definitely valid 证实；肯定，确定  confirmed my suspicions  证实了我的怀疑 confirmed his arrival time  确定了他的到达时间 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  encourage (a person) in (an opinion etc.) 使(某人)确信(某观点等) 3  ratify (a treaty, possession, title, etc.); make formally valid 批准，确认(条约、所有权、称号等)；使正式生效 4  establish more firmly (power, possession, etc.) 巩固，加强(权力、所有权等) 5  administer the religious rite of confirmation to (天主教等)给…施坚信礼 □ confirmative  adj.  □ confirmatory  adj.   [Middle English via Old French confermer from Latin confirmare (as COM-, FIRM1)]

confirmand /kɒnfəˈmænd/ n. Eccl.  a person who is to be or has just been confirmed 【教会】(即将或刚刚)领受坚信礼者

confirmation /kɒnfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of confirming; the state or an instance of being confirmed 证实，证明；批准，确认 2  a  a religious rite confirming a baptized person, esp. at the age of discretion, as a member of the Christian Church (基督教会的)坚信礼仪式b Judaism  the ceremony of bar mitzvah 【犹太教】男孩成人仪式 [Middle English via Old French from Latin confirmatio -onis (as CONFIRM)]

confirmed /kənˈfɜ:md/ adj.  firmly settled in some habit or condition 习惯的，根深蒂固的  confirmed in his ways  他已习惯成自然 a confirmed bachelor  惯于独身的男子

confiscate /ˈkɒnfiskeit/ v. tr.  1  take or seize by authority 没收，征用 2  appropriate to the public treasury (by way of a penalty) (以罚款的方式)把…充公 □ confiscable  /kənˈfiskəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ confiscation  /-ˈskeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ confiscator  n.  □ confiscatory  /kənˈfiskət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin confiscare (as COM-, fiscare from fiscus ‘treasury’)]

conflagration /kɒnfləˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a great and destructive fire 大火；大火灾 [Latin conflagratio from conflagrare (as COM-, flagrare ‘blaze’)]

conflate /kənˈfleit/ v. tr.  blend or fuse together (esp. two variant texts into one) 合并，混合(尤指把两个不同文本合并成一个) □ conflation  /-ˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin conflare ‘kindle, achieve, fuse’ (as COM-, flare ‘blow’)]

conflict n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnflikt/  1  a  a state of opposition or hostilities 对抗状态，敌对状态b  a fight or struggle 战斗；斗争 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the clashing of opposed principles etc. (相反原则等之间的)冲突；抵触b  an instance of this 冲突(或抵触)之实例 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  the opposition of incompatible wishes or needs in a person (相反愿望或需求之间的)内心冲突b  an instance of this 内心冲突的实例c  the distress resulting from this (内心冲突带来的)苦恼 ●v. intr. /kənˈflikt/  1  clash; be incompatible 冲突；抵触 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  struggle or contend 斗争，争斗 3 (as 作 conflicting adj.)  contradictory 矛盾的 □ in conflict   conflicting 冲突的，抵触的□ confliction  /kənˈflikʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ conflictual  /kənˈfliktʃʊəl/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin confligere conflict- (as COM-, fligere ‘strike’)]

confluence /ˈkɒnflʊəns/ n.  1  a place where two rivers meet (两条河流的)汇流处 2  a  a coming together 汇合，汇流；聚集b  a crowd of people 人群，人流 [Latin confluere (as COM-, fluere ‘flow’)]

confluent /ˈkɒnflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  flowing together, uniting 汇流的，合流的，汇合的 ●n.  a stream joining another (汇入大河的)支流

conflux /ˈkɒnflʌks/ n.  = CONFLUENCE  [Late Latin confluxus (as CONFLUENCE)]

conform /kənˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 intr.  comply with rules or general custom 遵守(规则)；遵照(习俗) 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  be or make accordant or suitable (使)符合，(使)适应 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  form according to a pattern; make similar 使符合；使相似 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, with)  comply with; be in accordance with 遵照，遵守；符合 □ conformer  n.   [Middle English via Old French conformer from Latin conformare (as COM-, FORM)]

conformable /kənˈfɔ:məb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  similar 相似的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  consistent 一贯的，一致的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  adapted 相适应的 4  tractable, submissive 温顺的，顺从的 5 Geol. (of strata in contact) lying in the same direction 【地质】(地层)整合的 □ conformability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ conformably  adv.   [medieval Latin conformabilis (as CONFORM)]

conformal /kənˈfɔ:m(ə)l/ adj. (of a map) showing any small area in its correct shape 正形的(指地图上小区域标绘形状准确的) □ conformally  adv.   [Late Latin conformalis (as CONFORM)]

conformance /kənˈfɔ:m(ə)ns/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  = CONFORMITY 1, 2 

conformation /kɒnfɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the way in which a thing is formed; shape, structure 结构，形态；构造 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  adjustment in form or character; adaptation (形状或性质的)调节；适应，适合，一致 3 Chem.  any of the spatial arrangements which the atoms in a molecule may freely convert between, esp. by rotation about individual single bonds 【化】构像，构型 [Latin conformatio (as CONFORM)]

conformist /kənˈfɔ:mist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who conforms to an established practice; a conventional person 墨守成规者；因循守旧者 2 Brit.  a person who conforms to the practices of the Church of England [英]遵奉国教会惯例者 ●adj. (of a person) conforming to established practices; conventional (指人)墨守成规的，因循守旧的 □ conformism  n.  

conformity /kənˈfɔ:miti/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  action or behaviour in accordance with established practice; compliance 遵照(成规)；顺从，依从 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  correspondence in form or manner; likeness, agreement (形状或举止)相似；一致；符合 3 Brit.  compliance with the practices of the Church of England [英]遵奉国教会惯例 [Middle English from Old French conformité or Late Latin conformitas (as CONFORM)]

confound /kənˈfaʊnd/ v. & int. ●v. tr.  1  throw into perplexity or confusion 使窘迫，使困惑 2  mix up; confuse (in one's mind) 混淆；(思想)混乱 3 archaic  defeat, overthrow [古义]击败，推翻 ●int.  expressing annoyance 讨厌！该死的！  confound you!  混蛋！去你的！ [Middle English via Anglo-French conf(o)undre, Old French confondre from Latin confundere ‘mix up’ (as COM-, fundere fus- ‘pour’)]

confounded /kənˈfaʊndid/ adj. colloq.  damned [口]可恶的，讨厌的，该死的  a confounded nuisance!  讨厌的事情！ □ confoundedly  adv.  

confraternity /kɒnfrəˈtɜ:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a brotherhood, esp. religious or charitable 兄弟关系，手足之情；(尤指宗教或慈善事业的)社团，兄弟会 [Middle English via Old French confraternité from medieval Latin confraternitas (as COM-, FRATERNITY)]

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ v. tr.  1  a  face in hostility or defiance 使面对，使面临；使遭遇b  face up to and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.) 勇敢面对(问题、困难等) 2 (of a difficulty etc.) present itself to (困难等)摆在…面前  countless obstacles confronted us  无数的障碍摆在我们面前 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  bring (a person) face to face with (a circumstance), esp. by way of accusation (尤指用指控的方法)使对质，使当面对证  confronted them with the evidence  拿出证据和他们当面对质b  set (a thing) face to face with (another) for comparison (指事物)比较，对照 4  meet or stand facing 遇到；面临 □ confrontation  /kɒnfrʌnˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ confrontational  /kɒnfrʌnˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [French confronter from medieval Latin confrontare (as COM-, frontare from frons frontis ‘face’)]

confrère /ˈkɒnfrɛə/ n.  a fellow member of a profession, scientific body, etc. (同一职业、科学团体等的)同事，同行，同仁 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin confrater (as COM-, frater ‘brother’)]

Confucian /kənˈfju:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Confucius, Chinese philosopher d. 479 BC, or his philosophy 孔子(中国古代哲学家，卒于公元前 479 年)的；儒家的；儒学的 ●n.  a follower of Confucius 孔子信徒 □ Confucianism  n.  □ Confucianist  n. & adj.   [Confucius, Latinization of Kongfuze ‘Kong the master’]

confusable /kənˈfju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  that is able or liable to be confused 可能混淆的，易于混淆的 □ confusability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

confuse /kənˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1  a  disconcert, perplex, bewilder 使窘迫；使茫然，使困惑b  embarrass 使尴尬，使局促不安 2  mix up in the mind; mistake (one for another) 混淆；把…混同于 3  make indistinct 使混乱；使模糊不清  that point confuses the issue  那种观点使问题模糊不清 4 (as 作 confused adj.)  mentally decrepit or senile 头脑不清的，年老糊涂的 5 (often as 常作 confused adj.)  make muddled or disorganized; throw into disorder 被混淆的，使分不清的；使陷入混乱的  a confused jumble of clothes  杂乱的一堆衣服 □ confusedly  /kənˈfju:zidli/ adv.  □ confusing  adj.  □ confusingly  adv.   [back-formation from confused, via Old French confus from Latin confusus: see CONFOUND]

confusion /kənˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of confusing 混淆，分辨不清  the confusion of fact and fiction  分辨不清事实与虚构b  an instance of this; a misunderstanding 混淆的实例；误解，误会  confusions arise from a lack of communication  因缺少交流而引起了误解 2  a  the result of confusing; a confused state; embarrassment; disorder 混乱；混乱状态；窘迫；杂乱，凌乱  thrown into confusion by his words  被他的话搞得很窘迫 trampled in the confusion of battle  在战乱状态下受到践踏b (foll. by 后跟 of)  a disorderly jumble 凌乱的一堆  a confusion of ideas  凌乱的一堆想法 3  a  civil commotion 骚乱，平民暴乱  confusion broke out at the announcement  针对那份声明发生了骚乱b  an instance of this 骚乱的实例 [Middle English from Old French confusion or Latin confusio (as CONFUSE)]

confute /kənˈfju:t/ v. tr.  1  prove (a person) to be in error 证明(某人)错误；驳倒 2  prove (an argument) to be false 证明(某观点)错误；驳斥 □ confutation  /kɒnfjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin confutare ‘restrain’ (as COM- + base of refutare ‘refute’)]

conga /ˈkɒŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Latin American dance of African origin, usu. with several persons in a single line, one behind the other 康茄舞(源于非洲的一种拉丁美洲舞蹈，通常几个人前后排成一排跳舞) 2 (also 亦作 conga drum)  a tall, narrow, low-toned drum beaten with the hands 康茄鼓(为康茄舞伴奏用的一种细长而声音低沉的手鼓) ●v. intr. (congas, congaed /-ɡəd/ or conga'd, congaing /-ɡə(r)iŋ/)  perform the conga 跳康茄舞 [Latin American Spanish from Spanish fem. of congo ‘of the Congo’]

congeal /kənˈdʒi:l/ v. tr. & intr.  1  make or become semi-solid by cooling 使凝结，使冻结 2 (of blood etc.) coagulate (血液等)凝结 □ congealable  adj.  □ congealment  n.   [Middle English via Old French congeler from Latin congelare (as COM-, gelare from gelu ‘frost’)]

congelation /kɒndʒiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of congealing 凝结过程，冻结过程 2  a congealed state 凝结状态，冻结状态 3  a congealed substance 凝结物，冻结物 [Middle English from Old French congelation or Latin congelatio (as CONGEAL)]

congener /ˈkɒndʒinə, kənˈdʒi:nə/ n.  1  a thing or person of the same kind or category as another, esp. animals or plants of a specified genus 同类的人(或物) (尤指同属动物或植物)  the raspberry and blackberry are congeners  树莓和黑刺莓是同属植物 2 esp. US  a by-product giving a distinctive character to a wine or spirit [尤美]酒类芳香物 [Latin (as CON-, GENUS)]

congeneric /kɒndʒiˈnerik/ adj.  1  of the same genus, kind, or race 同类的，同属的；同宗族的 2  allied in nature or origin; akin 有连带关系的；相关的，近似的 □ congenerous  /kənˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.  

congenial /kənˈdʒi:niəl/ adj.  1  pleasant, agreeable 令人愉快的，合意的  congenial environment  合意的环境 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to) (of a person, character, etc.) pleasant because akin to oneself in temperament or interests (人、性格等)意气相投的，情投意合的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  suited to the nature of anything 相宜的  congenial to my mood  与我的心情相宜 □ congeniality  /-niˈæliti/ n.  □ congenially  adv.   [CON- + GENIAL1]

congenital /kənˈdʒenit(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. of a disease, defect, etc.) existing from birth (尤指疾病、缺陷等)先天性的 2  that is (or as if) such from birth 天生的，生就的  a congenital liar  生性好说谎的人 □ congenitally  adv.   [Latin congenitus (as COM-, genitus, past part. of gigno ‘beget’)]

conger /ˈkɒŋɡə/ n. (in full 全称 conger eel)  any large marine eel of the family Congridae 康吉大海鳗(康吉鳗科海洋动物) [Middle English via Old French congre and Latin conger, congrus from Greek goggros]

congeries /kɒnˈdʒiəri:z, -iz, -ii:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a disorderly collection; a mass or heap (杂乱的)聚集；堆积 [Latin, from congerere CONGEST]■Usage 用法说明 Although congeries looks like a plural form, it is a singular noun, e.g. A congeries of problems was identified. It is unchanged in the plural. 虽然 congeries 看起来像复数形式，实际上却是个单数名词，如 A congeries of problems was identified (一大堆杂乱的问题被确定了下来)，其复数形式不变。 

congest /kənˈdʒest/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 congested adj.)  affect with congestion; obstruct, block 拥挤，拥塞；使充血  congested streets  拥挤的大街 congested lungs  充血的肺 □ congestive  adj.   [Latin congerere congest- (as COM-, gerere ‘bring’)]

congestion /kənˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  abnormal accumulation, crowding, or obstruction, esp. of traffic etc. or of blood or mucus in a part of the body (异常的)积聚，拥挤，堵塞(尤指交通、充血或黏液堵塞) [French from Latin congestio -onis (as CONGEST)]

conglomerate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /kənˈɡlɒm(ə)rət/  1  gathered into a rounded mass 聚成球形的；成簇的，簇生的 2 Geol. (of rock) made up of small stones held together (cf. 参见 AGGLOMERATE) 【地质】(指岩石)砾岩的 ●n. /kənˈɡlɒm(ə)rət/  1  a number of things or parts forming a heterogeneous mass 聚集物，聚合物，混合物 2  a group or corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms (由不同公司合并而成的)联合大企业，集团公司 3 Geol.  conglomerate rock 【地质】砾岩 ●v. tr. & intr. /kənˈɡlɒməreit/  collect into a coherent mass (使)聚集；(使)成球形 □ conglomeration  /kənɡlɒməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin conglomeratus, past part. of conglomerare (as COM-, glomerare from glomus -eris ‘ball’)]

Congo /ˈkɒŋgəu/ n.  1  刚果[非洲] 2  刚果河(即扎伊尔河) [非洲]

Congolese /kɒŋɡəˈli:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Zaire or Congo, countries in central Africa, or the region surrounding the Zaire (formerly Congo) river 刚果的；刚果地区的(指中部非洲扎伊尔河周围的地区) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of any of these regions 刚果(地区)人 2  any of the Bantu languages spoken by the Congolese people 刚果语(属班图语系) [French congolais]

congou /ˈkɒŋɡu:, -ɡəʊ/ n.  a variety of black China tea 工夫茶(一种中国红茶) [Cantonese kungfüchˈa, Mandarin gōngfu chɑˊ ‘tea made for refined tastes’]

congrats /kənˈɡræts/ n. pl. & int. colloq.  congratulations [口]祝贺，恭喜 [abbreviation]

congratulate /kənˈɡrætjʊleit/ v. tr. & refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  1 tr.  express pleasure at the happiness or good fortune or excellence of (a person) 祝贺，向(某人)道喜  congratulated them on their success  祝贺他们的成功 2 refl.  think oneself fortunate or clever 暗自庆幸 □ congratulant  adj. & n.  □ congratulator  n.  □ congratulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin congratulari (as COM-, gratulari ‘show joy’ from gratus ‘pleasing’)]

congratulation /kənɡrætjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  congratulating 祝贺，道喜 2 (also as 亦作 int.; usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an expression of this 向你祝贺，给你道喜，恭喜你  congratulations on winning!  祝贺赢得胜利！ [Latin congratulatio (as CONGRATULATE)]

congregant /ˈkɒŋɡriɡ(ə)nt/ n.  a member of a congregation, esp. Brit. of a Jewish congregation 宗教团体的成员；[尤英]犹太教团体的成员 [Latin congregare (as CONGREGATE)]

congregate /ˈkɒŋɡriɡeit/ v. intr. & tr.  collect or gather into a crowd or mass 集合，聚集 [Middle English from Latin congregare (as COM-, gregare from grex gregis ‘flock’)]

congregation /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of congregating; collection into a crowd or mass 集合；聚集 2  a crowd or mass gathered together 人群，物群；集会 3  a  a body assembled for religious worship (参加宗教仪式的)会众b  a body of persons regularly attending a particular church etc. 教堂会众c RC Ch.  a body of persons obeying a common religious rule 【天主教】宗教团体d RC Ch.  any of several permanent committees of the Roman Catholic College of Cardinals 【天主教】红衣主教委员会 4 (作 Congregation) Brit. (in some universities) a general assembly of resident senior members [英] (某些大学的)住校高级教职员全体大会 [Middle English from Old French congregation or Latin congregatio (as CONGREGATE)]

congregational /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a congregation 集会的，教堂会众的 2 (作 Congregational)  of or adhering to Congregationalism (基督教)公理会的，公理制的

Congregationalism /kɒŋɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a system of ecclesiastical organization whereby individual churches are largely self-governing (in England and Wales such churches largely merging in the United Reformed Church from 1972) (基督教)公理教派，公理制 □ Congregationalist  n.  □ Congregationalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

congress /ˈkɒŋɡres/ n.  1  a formal meeting of delegates for discussion 代表大会 2 (Congress)  a national legislative body, esp. that of the US (尤指美国的)国会 3  a society or organization 协会，组织 4  coming together, meeting 聚会，社交 □ congressional  /kənˈɡreʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin congressus from congredi (as COM-, gradi ‘walk’)]

congressman /ˈkɒŋɡresmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. congresswoman, pl. -women)  a member of the US Congress (美国)国会议员

congruence /ˈkɒŋɡrʊəns/ n. (also 亦作 congruency /-ənsi/)  1  agreement, consistency 一致，适合，协调，连贯 2 Geom.  the state of being congruent 【几】叠合，全等；同余 [Middle English from Latin congruentia (as CONGRUENT)]

congruent /ˈkɒŋɡrʊənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  suitable, agreeing 适合的，一致的，和谐的 2 Geom. (of figures) coinciding exactly when superimposed 【几】(图形)叠合的，全等的，同余的 □ congruently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin congruere ‘agree’]

congruous /ˈkɒŋɡrʊəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  suitable, agreeing; fitting 符合的，一致的；适当的 □ congruity  /-ˈɡru:iti/ n.  □ congruously  adv.   [Latin congruus (as CONGRUENT)]

congé /ˈkɒnʒei, 法 kɔ˜ʒe/ n.  an unceremonious dismissal; leave-taking (突然或无礼的)撤职，罢免；告辞，告别 [Middle English via Old French congié from Latin commeatus ‘leave of absence’ from commeare ‘go and come’ (as COM-, meare ‘go’): now usu. treated as modern French]

conic /ˈkɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a cone 圆锥(形)的 ●n.  1  a conic section 圆锥曲线(或截面)，二次曲线 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the study of conic sections 锥线法，锥线论 [modern Latin conicus from Greek kōnikos (as CONE)]

conical /ˈkɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  cone-shaped 锥体的，圆锥形的 □ conically  adv.  

conical projection n. (also 亦作 conic projection)  a map projection in which a spherical surface is projected on to a cone, usually with its vertex above the pole 圆锥投影

conic section n.  a figure formed by the intersection of a cone and a plane 圆锥曲线(或截面)，二次曲线

conidium /kəʊˈnidiəm/ n. (pl. conidia /-diə/)  a spore produced asexually by various fungi (各种真菌无性繁殖的)分生孢子 [modern Latin, from Greek konis ‘dust’ + diminutive suffix -idium]

conifer /ˈkɒnifə, ˈkəʊn-/ n.  a tree of the order Coniferales, typically bearing cones and needle-like leaves (often evergreen), e.g. a pine, yew, cedar, or redwood 针叶树(松柏目常青植物，叶为针形，结球果，如松树、紫杉、雪松或红杉) □ coniferous  /kəˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin (as CONE, -FEROUS)]

coniform /ˈkəʊnifɔ:m/ adj.  cone-shaped 圆锥形的 [Latin conus ‘cone’ + -FORM]

coniine /ˈkəʊnii:n/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid found in hemlock, that paralyses the nerves 毒芹碱(一种从毒芹属植物中制取的有毒生物碱，可以导致神经麻痹) [Latin conium from Greek kōneion ‘hemlock’]

conjectural /kənˈdʒektʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  based on, involving, or given to conjecture 推测的，凭猜测的；以猜测为根据的 □ conjecturally  adv.   [French from Latin conjecturalis (as CONJECTURE)]

conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the formation of an opinion on incomplete information; guessing 推测；猜测b  an opinion or conclusion reached in this way 推测的观点(或结论) 2  a (in textual criticism) the guessing of a reading not in the text (校勘时的)揣摩b  a proposed reading 揣摩出来的文本 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  guess 猜测，推测 2 tr. (in textual criticism) propose (a reading) (校勘时)揣摩出 □ conjecturable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French conjecture or Latin conjectura, from conjicere ‘put together in thought’ (as COM-, jacere ‘throw’)]

conjoin /kənˈdʒɔin/ v. tr. & intr.  join, combine (使)结合，(使)联合 [Middle English from Old French conjoign-, pres. stem of conjoindre, from Latin conjungere (as COM-, jungere junct- ‘join’)]

conjoint /kənˈdʒɔint/ adj.  associated, conjoined 结合的，联合的 □ conjointly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, past part. of conjoindre (see CONJOIN)]

conjugal /ˈkɒndʒʊɡ(ə)l/ adj.  of marriage or the relation between husband and wife 婚姻的，夫妻关系的 □ conjugality  /-ˈɡæliti/ n.  □ conjugally  adv.   [Latin conjugalis from conjux ‘consort’ (as COM- + jug- root of jungere ‘join’)]

conjugal rights n. pl.  those rights (esp. to sexual relations) regarded as exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage 夫妻同居权

conjugate v., adj. & n. ●v. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡeit/  1 tr. Gram.  give the different forms of (a verb) 【语法】列举(动词的)词形变化 2 intr. Biol. 【生】  a  unite sexually 交配，结合b (of gametes) become fused (配子)混合，合并 3 intr. Chem. (of protein) combine with non-protein 【化】(蛋白质)与非蛋白质结合 ●adj. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡət/  1  joined together, esp. as a pair 结合的，(尤指)成对的 2 Gram.  derived from the same root 【语法】同根的，同源的 3 Biol.  fused 【生】结合的，合并的 4 Chem. (of an acid or base) related by loss or gain of a proton 【化】(酸或碱)共轭的，缀合的 5 Math.  joined in a reciprocal relation, esp. having the same real parts, and equal magnitudes but opposite signs of imaginary parts 【数】共轭复数的 ●n. /ˈkɒndʒʊɡət/  a conjugate word or thing 同根词，同源词；共轭化合物，缀合物 [Latin conjugare ‘yoke together’ (as COM-, jugare from jugum ‘yoke’)]

conjugation /kɒndʒʊˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Gram.  a system of verbal inflection 【语法】动词词形变化 2  the act or an instance of conjugating or being conjugated 结合，成对 3 Biol.  a  the fusion of two gametes in reproduction 【生】(繁殖时)配子结合，合并b  the temporary union of two unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material (两单细胞生物交换遗传物质时的)临时结合 □ conjugational  adj.   [Latin conjugatio (as CONJUGATE)]

conjunct /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)t/ adj.  joined together; combined; associated 连接的；结合的；联合的 [Middle English from Latin conjunctus (as CONJOIN)]

conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the action of joining; the condition of being joined 结合，连接；联合b  an instance of this 结合(或联合)的实例 2 Gram.  a word used to connect clauses or sentences or words in the same clause (e.g. 如 and, but, if) 【语法】连(接)词 3  a  a combination (of events or circumstances) (事件或情况的)结合，同时发生b  a number of associated persons or things 联合者；结合物 4 Astron. & Astrol.  the alignment of two bodies in the solar system so that they have the same longitude as seen from the earth 【天】【占】(太阳系中两个天体的)相合 □ in conjunction with   together with 连同，与…一道□ conjunctional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conjonction from Latin conjunctioonis (as CONJUNCT)]

conjunctiva /kɒndʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaivə, kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tivə/ n. (pl. conjunctivas) Anat.  the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids 【解】(眼球的)结膜 □ conjunctival  adj.   [medieval Latin (membrana) conjunctiva ‘conjunctive membrane’ (as CONJUNCTIVE)]

conjunctive /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  serving to join; connective 结合的，连接的；联合的 2 Gram.  of the nature of a conjunction 【语法】起连接作用的，用作连接词的 ●n. Gram.  a conjunctive word 【语法】连接词，起连接作用的词 □ conjunctively  adv.   [Late Latin conjunctivus (as CONJOIN)]

conjunctivitis /kəndʒʌŋ(k)tiˈvaitis/ n.  inflammation of the conjunctiva 结膜炎

conjuncture /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n.  a combination of events; a state of affairs (事件的)同时发生；事态，局面 [obsolete French from Italian congiuntura (as CONJOIN)]

conjuration /kʌndʒəˈreiʃ(ə)n, kɒndʒʊ(ə)-/ n.  an incantation; a magic spell 符咒，咒语；魔力，魅力 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conjuratio -onis (as CONJURE)]

conjure /ˈkʌndʒə/ v.  1 intr.  perform tricks which are seemingly magical, esp. by rapid movements of the hands (尤指靠手的快速动作)变魔术，变戏法 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out of, away, to, etc.)  cause to appear or disappear as if by magic 使(魔法似的)出现(或消失)  conjured a rabbit out of a hat  从帽子里变出一只兔子 conjured them to a desert island  用魔法把他们送到一个荒岛上去 his pain was conjured away  他的疼痛魔法般地消失了 3 tr.  call upon (a spirit) to appear 用咒语呼唤(神灵) 4 intr.  perform marvels 创造奇迹 5 tr. /kənˈdʒʊə/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  appeal solemnly to (a person) 恳求，乞求(某人) □ conjure up   1  bring into existence or cause to appear as if by magic 如魔术般产生(或出现) 2  cause to appear to the eye or mind; evoke 使呈现于脑际(或眼帘)；想起 [earlier in the sense ‘oblige by oath, invoke (a spirit etc.)’, Middle English via Old French conjurer ‘plot, exorcise’ from Latin conjurare ‘band together by oath, conspire’ (as COM-, jurare ‘swear’)]

conjuror /ˈkʌndʒərə/ n. (also 亦作 conjurer)  a performer of conjuring tricks 魔术师，变戏法的人 [Anglo-French conjurour (Old French -eor), from medieval Latin conjurator (also CONJURE + -ER1)]

conk1 /kɒŋk/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) colloq. [口]  1 (of a machine etc.) break down (机器等)发生故障，出毛病 2 (of a person) become exhausted and give up; faint; die (人)因过度疲劳而睡去；昏晕；死去 [20th c.: origin unknown]

conk2 /kɒŋk/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a Brit.  the nose [英]鼻子b  the head 头 2  a  a punch on the head or Brit. nose 打在头 ([英]鼻子)上的一拳b  a blow 打击，一击 ●v. tr.  punch on the head, Brit. nose etc. 击打头部；[英]击打鼻子 [19th c.: perhaps = CONCH]

conker /ˈkɒŋkə/ n.  1  the hard fruit of a horse chestnut 七叶树的坚果 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  a children's game played with conkers on strings, one hit against another to try to break it [英]康克戏(一种儿童游戏，双方各用绳子系住一个七叶树果，轮流互相击打，击破对方坚果者获胜) [dialect conker ‘snail shell’ (originally used in the game), associated with CONQUER]

conman /ˈkɒnmæn/ n. (pl. -men) slang [俚语]  = CONFIDENCE MAN 

con moto /kɒn ˈməʊtəʊ/ adv. Mus.  with movement 【音】活跃地(即伴有动作) [Italian, = with movement]

Conn. abbr.  Connecticut [缩略] (美国)康涅狄格州

conn US var.  of CON4 [美] CON4 的变体

connate /ˈkɒneit/ adj.  1  existing in a person or thing from birth; innate 天生的；先天的 2  formed at the same time 同时形成的，同生的 3  allied, congenial 有关联的，合意的 4 Bot. (of organs) congenitally united so as to form one part 【植】(器官)合生的 5 Geol. (of water) trapped in sedimentary rock during its deposition 【地质】(水)原生的 [Late Latin connatus, past part. of connasci (as COM-, nasci ‘be born’)]

connatural /kəˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  innate; belonging naturally 天生的；固有的 2  of like nature 性质相似的，同性质的 □ connaturally  adv.   [Late Latin connaturalis (as COM-, NATURAL)]

connect /kəˈnekt/ v.  1  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  join (one thing with another) 把…连接到…上去  connected the hose to the tap  把软管连接到水龙头上去b tr.  join (two things) 连接(两事物)，连结  a track connected the two villages  一条小路使两村相连c intr.  be joined or joinable (被)连接；(可)连接  the two parts do not connect  这两个部件无法连接 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  associate mentally or practically 联想，联系  did not connect the two ideas  没有把那两个想法联系起来 never connected her with the theatre  从来没有想到她会演戏 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) (of a train etc.) be synchronized at its destination with another train etc., so that passengers can transfer (火车等)接续，衔接，联运  the train connects with the boat  这列火车与那艘轮船联运 4 tr.  put into communication by telephone 接通电话，通过电话联系 5  a tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with)  unite or associate with others in relationships etc. 有联系；联姻  am connected with the royal family  (我)与王室联姻b intr.  form a logical sequence; be meaningful 连贯；有意义 6 intr. colloq.  hit or strike effectively [口]准而狠地打；击中，射中 □ connectable  adj.  □ connector  n.   [Latin connectere connex- (as COM-, nectere ‘bind’)]

connected /kəˈnektid/ adj.  1  joined in sequence 按顺序连接的 2 (of ideas etc.) coherent (观点、看法等)连贯的 3  related or associated 有联系的，有关系的 □ connectedly  adv.  □ connectedness  n.  

connecting rod n.  the rod between the piston and the crankpin etc. in an internal-combustion engine or between the wheels of a locomotive (内燃机或火车车轮的)活塞杆，连杆

connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] connexion)  1  a  the act of connecting; the state of being connected 连接；连接的状态b  an instance of this 连接的实例 2  the point at which two things are connected 连接点，连结点  broke at the connection  在连接点处断裂 3  a  a thing or person that connects; a link 连接物；联系人；联系  a radio formed the only connection with the outside world  一台收音机成了与外界联系的惟一工具 cannot see the connection between the two ideas  看不出这两个观点之间的联系b  a telephone link 电话接头  got a bad connection  电话接头接触不良 4  a  an arrangement or opportunity for catching a connecting train etc. (火车、轮船等的)接续，衔接；联运b  the train etc. itself 联运列车(或轮船)  missed the connection  误了联运列车 5 Electr. 【电】  a  the linking up of an electric current by contact (电流)连接，接通b  a device for effecting this 电路 6 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a relative or associate, esp. one with influence (尤指有权势的)熟人关系，关系户  has connections in the Home Office  在内政部有熟人关系 heard it through a business connection  通过一个业务关系户听到的这个消息 7  a relation of ideas; a context 连贯性；上下文联系  in this connection I have to disagree  关于这一点我必须提出反对意见 8 slang  a supplier of narcotics [俚语]毒品贩子 9  a religious body, esp. Methodist 教派(尤指卫理公会) □ in connection with   with reference to 关于□ in this (or that) connection   with reference to this (or that) 关于这(那)一点，在这(那)方面□ connectional  adj.   [Latin connexio (as CONNECT): spelling -ct- from CONNECT]

connective /kəˈnektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving or tending to connect 连接的，连结的；用于连接的，易于连接的 ●n.  something that connects 连接物，结合物

connective tissue n. Anat.  a tissue with relatively few cells in a non-living matrix that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, esp. fibrous tissue rich in collagen 【解】结缔组织

connectivity /kɒnekˈtiviti/ n.  1 Computing  capacity for interconnection of systems, applications, etc. 【计算】(系统、应用程序等的)连接能力，连结能力 2  the property or degree of being connected or interconnected 连接性，连结性

Connie /ˈkɒni/   康尼 [人名]

conning tower /ˈkɒniŋ/ n.  1  the superstructure of a submarine from which steering, firing, etc., are directed on or near the surface, and which contains the periscope (潜水艇的)瞭望塔 2  the armoured pilot house of a warship (军舰的)装甲指挥塔，司令塔 [CON4 + -ING1]

connivance /kəˈnaiv(ə)ns/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  conniving 共谋，纵容  connivance in the crime  同谋犯罪 2  tacit permission 默许  done with his connivance  在他默许下做的 [French connivence or Latin conniventia (as CONNIVE)]

connive /kəˈnaiv/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 at)  disregard or tacitly consent to (a wrongdoing) 纵容；默许；漠视(错误行为) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  conspire 共谋，密谋 □ conniver  n.   [French conniver or Latin connivēre ‘shut the eyes (to)’]

connoisseur /kɒnəˈsɜ:/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, in)  an expert judge in matters of taste (艺术品的)鉴赏家；(酒等的)鉴定家，行家  a connoisseur of fine wine  佳酿品尝专家 □ connoisseurship  n.   [French, obsolete spelling of connaisseur, from pres. stem of connaître ‘know’ + -eur -OR1: cf. RECONNOITRE]

connotation /kɒnəˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  that which is implied by a word etc. in addition to its literal or primary meaning (词语等的)内涵意义，隐含意义，转义  a letter with sinister connotations  用心险恶的一封信 2  the act of connoting or implying 含蓄，暗示

connote /kəˈnəʊt/ v. tr.  1 (of a word etc.) imply in addition to the literal or primary meaning (词语等)包含，隐含 2 (of a fact) imply as a consequence or condition (事实)暗示着…结果(或条件) 3  mean, signify 意思是，意味着，表明 □ connotative  /ˈkɒnəteitiv, kəˈnəʊtətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin connotare ‘mark in addition’ (as COM-, notare from nota ‘mark’)]■Usage 用法说明 Connote and denote are sometimes confused. Connote means ‘to imply in addition to the primary meaning’, e.g. The words were harmless but the ideas they connoted were dangerous. In popular usage it is frequently used to mean ‘convey to the mind’ or ‘mean’ and hence verges on the sense of denote. 词语 connote 和 denote 有时容易混淆。 connote 表示“隐含着原义之外的附加意义”，如 The words were harmless but the ideas they connoted were dangerous. (这些话本身并无害处，但它们所隐含的观点却是危险的。)在通俗用法中，该词常用于表示“使想起”或“意味着”之义，因而接近于 denote 的含义。 

connubial /kəˈnju:biəl/ adj.  of or relating to marriage or the relationship of husband and wife 婚姻的，夫妻的 □ connubiality  /-biˈæliti/ n.  婚姻状况；结婚的习俗□ connubially  adv.   [Latin connubialis from connubium ‘marriage’ (as COM-, nubium from nubere ‘marry’)]

conoid /ˈkəʊnɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 conoidal /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/)  cone-shaped 圆锥形的 ●n.  a cone-shaped object 圆锥体，圆锥形物

conquer /ˈkɒŋkə/ v. tr.  1  a  overcome and control (an enemy or territory) by military force (以军事力量)征服，击败(敌人)；攻取，攻克(领土)b absol.  be victorious [含宾]得胜，制胜 2  overcome (a habit, emotion, disability, etc.) by effort 破除(习惯)；抑制(感情)；克服(不利条件)  conquered his fear  克服了他的恐惧心理 3  climb (a mountain) successfully 成功地登上(山峰) □ conquerable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conquerre and Romanic from Latin conquirere (as COM-, quaerere ‘seek, get’)]

conqueror /ˈkɒŋk(ə)rə/ n.  1  a person who conquers 征服者，胜利者 2 Brit. [英]  = CONKER  [Middle English from Anglo-French conquerour (Old French -eor), from conquerre (as CONQUER)]

conquest /ˈkɒŋkwest/ n.  1  the act or an instance of conquering; the state of being conquered 征服，战胜；攻取；克服 2  a  conquered territory 征服地，被占领的土地b  something won 战利品；掠取物 3  a person whose affection or favour has been won 爱情的俘虏 4 (the Conquest, the Norman Conquest)  the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066 (1066 年威廉的)征服英国，诺曼征服 □ make a conquest of   win the affections of 赢得爱情，博得欢心 [Middle English via Old French conquest(e) from Romanic (as CONQUER)]

conquistador /kɒnˈkwistədɔ:/ n. (pl. conquistadores /-ˈdɔ:reiz/ or conquistadors)  a conqueror, esp. one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th c. 征服者(尤指 16 世纪征服墨西哥和秘鲁的西班牙人) [Spanish]

con-rod /ˈkɒnrɒd/ n. Brit. colloq.  connecting rod [英口]连杆，活塞杆 [abbreviation]

Cons. abbr. [缩略]  Conservative 

consanguineous /kɒnsæŋˈɡwiniəs/ adj.  descended from the same ancestor; akin 同宗的，同族的；有血缘关系的 □ consanguinity  n.   [Latin consanguineus (as COM-, sanguis -inis ‘blood’)]

conscience /ˈkɒnʃ(ə)ns/ n.  1  a moral sense of right and wrong esp. as felt by a person and affecting behaviour (尤指感觉到或影响行为的)良心，道德心；是非感  my conscience won't allow me to do that  我的良心不允许我那样做 2  an inner feeling as to the goodness or otherwise of one's behaviour 内心，意识  my conscience is clear  我问心无愧 has a guilty conscience  感到内疚 □ for conscience (or conscience') sake   to satisfy one's conscience 为了良心上过得去□ in all conscience  colloq.  by any reasonable standard; by all that is fair [口]凭良心说；公平地说□ on one's conscience   causing one feelings of guilt 引起悔恨(或内疚)的□ conscienceless  adj.   [earlier in the sense ‘inner thoughts or knowledge’, Middle English via Old French from Latin conscientia, from conscire ‘be privy to’ (as COM-, scire ‘know’)]

conscience clause n.  a clause in a law, ensuring respect for the consciences of those affected 道德条款(指法律上规定的尊重当事人宗教或道德准则的条款)

conscience money n.  a sum paid to relieve one's conscience, esp. about a payment previously evaded 悔罪金，(为求心安而付的)追偿金(尤指补交原先逃避的款项等)

conscience-stricken adj. (also 亦作 conscience-struck)  made uneasy by a bad conscience 于心不安的，受良心谴责的

conscientious /kɒnʃiˈenʃəs/ adj. (of a person or conduct) diligent and scrupulous (人或表现)勤勉的，勤奋的；一丝不苟的 □ conscientiously  adv.  □ conscientiousness  n.   [French consciencieux from medieval Latin conscientiosus (as CONSCIENCE)]

conscientious objector n.  a person who for reasons of conscience objects to conforming to a requirement, esp. that of military service (出于道德原因而)拒绝服从(尤指兵役)者，拒绝参与战争行为者

conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  awake and aware of one's surroundings and identity 醒着的，神志清醒的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  aware, knowing 意识到的，感觉到的  conscious of his inferiority  意识到他的自卑感 3 (of actions, emotions, etc.) realized or recognized by the doer; intentional (行为、感情等)有意识的；故意的，存心的  made a conscious effort not to laugh  有意识地忍着不笑 4 (in comb. 用于复合词)  aware of; concerned with 有…意识的；关心…的  fashion-conscious  注重时尚的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the conscious mind 意识 □ consciously  adv.   [Latin conscius ‘knowing with others or in oneself’ from conscire (as COM-, scire ‘know’)]

consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnis/ n.  1  the state of being conscious 知觉，感觉  lost consciousness during the fight  在战斗中失去了知觉 2  a  awareness, perception 意识，觉察  had no consciousness of being ridiculed  没有意识到受了嘲弄b (in comb. 用于复合词)  awareness of 觉悟  class-consciousness  阶级觉悟 3  the totality of a person's thoughts, feelings, and sensations, or of a class of these 意识能力(指思想、感情和感觉的总和)；阶级意识  moral consciousness  道德意识

consciousness-raising n.  the activity of increasing esp. social or political sensitivity or awareness (尤指政治、社会)意识的提高；觉悟的提高

conscribe /kənˈskraib/ v. tr.  = CONSCRIPTv.  [Latin conscribere (as CONSCRIPTION)]

conscript v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈskript/  enlist by conscription 征募，招募，征兵 ●n. /ˈkɒnskript/  a person enlisted by conscription 应征士兵，应征入伍者 [verb is a back-formation from CONSCRIPTION: noun via French conscrit from Latin conscriptus (as CONSCRIPTION)]

conscription /kənˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  compulsory enlistment for state service, esp. military service 征募，征召(尤指征兵) [French via Late Latin conscriptio ‘levying of troops’ from Latin conscribere conscript- ‘enrol’ (as COM-, scribere ‘write’)]

consecrate /ˈkɒnsikreit/ v. tr.  1  make or declare sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose 使神圣；宣布为神圣；奉献 2 (in Christian belief) make (bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ (基督教)使复体，给(面包和酒等)祝圣 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  devote (one's life etc.) to (a purpose) 献身于(事业等) 4  ordain (esp. a bishop) to a sacred office 委任圣职(尤指主教) □ consecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ consecrator  n.  □ consecratory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin consecrare (as COM-, secrare = sacrare ‘dedicate’ from sacer ‘sacred’)]

consecution /kɒnsiˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  logical sequence (in argument or reasoning) (辩论或推理的)逻辑顺序 2  sequence, succession (of events etc.) (事件等的)顺序，连续，一连串 [Latin consecutio from consequi consecut- ‘overtake’ (as COM-, sequi ‘pursue’)]

consecutive /kənˈsekjʊtiv/ adj.  1  a  following continuously 连续不断的b  in unbroken or logical order 连贯的，按逻辑顺序的 2 Gram.  expressing consequence 【语法】结果的 □ consecutively  adv.  □ consecutiveness  n.   [French consécutif -ive from medieval Latin consecutivus (as CONSECUTION)]

consecutive intervals n. pl.  intervals of the same kind (esp. fifths or octaves), occurring in succession between two voices or parts in harmony 连续音程(尤指五度音程或八度音程)

consensual /kənˈsensjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  of or by consent or consensus 经双方同意的，一致同意的 □ consensually  adv.   [Latin consensus (see CONSENSUS) + -AL]

consensus /kənˈsensəs/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a  general agreement (of opinion, testimony, etc.) (意见、证词等)一致，相符b  an instance of this 意见一致的实例 2 (作 attrib.)  majority view; collective opinion 多数人意见；舆论  consensus politics  代表多数人意见的政治 [Latin, = agreement (as CONSENT)]

consent /kənˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  express willingness; give permission; agree 乐意，同意；准许，答应 ●n.  voluntary agreement; permission; compliance 同意，准许；依从 [Middle English via Old French consentir from Latin consentire (as COM-, sentire sens- ‘feel’)]

consentient /kənˈsenʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  agreeing; united in opinion 一致同意的；意见统一的 2  concurrent 一致的，协调的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  consenting 赞成的，赞同的 [Latin consentient- (as CONSENT)]

consenting adult n.  an adult who consents to something, esp. Brit. a homosexual act 同意做某事的成年人；[尤英]赞同同性恋的成年男子

consequence /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)ns/ n.  1  the result or effect of an action or condition 结果，后果 2  a  importance 重要性，重大  it is of no consequence  这件事无足轻重b  social distinction 显要，卓越  persons of consequence  一些知名人士 3 (in pl. 用复数 , often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a game in which a narrative (usu. describing the meeting of a man and woman and its consequences) is made up by the players, each ignorant of what has already been contributed 连环问答式叙事游戏(通常描述男女相遇及其结果等) □ in consequence   as a result 因此，结果是□ take the consequences   accept the results of one's choice or action 自食其果，承担…的后果 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consequentia (as CONSEQUENT)]

consequent /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  following as a result or consequence 作为结果的，随之发生的 2  logically consistent 合乎逻辑的，逻辑上一致的 ●n.  1  a thing that follows another 结果，后果；随后发生的事 2 Logic  the second part of a conditional proposition, dependent on the antecedent 【逻辑学】后件，推断 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consequi ‘overtake’ (as COM-, sequi ‘pursue’)]

consequential /kɒnsiˈkwenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  following as a result or consequence 作为结果的，随之发生的 2  resulting indirectly 间接发生的  consequential damage  间接损害 3  important; significant 重要的；重大的 □ consequentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ consequentially  adv.   [Latin consequentia]

consequentialism /kɒnsiˈkwenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences 【哲】行为结果主义(即行为的道德性仅仅视行为的结果而定的理论) □ consequentialist  adj. & n.  

consequently /ˈkɒnsikw(ə)ntli/ adv. & conj.  as a result; therefore 所以；因而

conservancy /kənˈsɜ:v(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a commission etc. controlling a port, river, etc. [英] (港口、河流等的)管理委员会  Thames Conservancy  泰晤士河管理委员会 2  a body concerned with the preservation of natural resources (自然资源)保护机构  Nature Conservancy  自然保护组织 3  conservation; official preservation (of forests etc.) (森林等的)保护；官方管理 [18th-c. alteration of obsolete conservacy, from Anglo-French conservacie via Anglo-Latin conservatia from Latin conservatio (as CONSERVE)]

conservation /kɒnsəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  preservation, esp. of the natural environment (尤指对自然环境的)保护 □ conservation of energy (or mass or momentum etc.)  Physics  the principle that the total quantity of energy (or mass, momentum, etc.) remains constant in a system not subject to external influence 【物理学】能量(质量、动量等)守恒□ conservational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French conservation or Latin conservatio (as CONSERVE)]

conservation area n.  an area containing a noteworthy environment and specially protected by law against undesirable changes 保护区(即受法律保护以维持其原有自然风貌或建筑特色的区域)

conservationist /kɒnsəˈveiʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a supporter or advocate of environmental conservation 提倡保护自然环境者

conservative /kənˈsɜ:vətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  averse to rapid change 守旧的，保守的b (of views, taste, etc.) moderate; avoiding extremes (观点、情趣等)温和的；中庸的；避免过激的  conservative in his dress  穿着保守 2 (of an estimate etc.) purposely low; moderate, cautious (估计等)故意低估的；稳妥的，谨慎的 3 (作 Conservative)  of or characteristic of Conservatives or the Conservative Party 保守党的 4  tending to conserve 守恒的 ●n.  1  a conservative person 保守主义者，因循守旧者 2 (作 Conservative)  a supporter or member of the Conservative Party 保守党的支持者，保守党党员 □ conservatism  n.  □ conservatively  adv.  □ conservativeness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin conservativus (as CONSERVE)]

Conservative Judaism n.  Judaism allowing only minor changes in traditional ritual etc. 保守犹太教

Conservative Party n.  1  a British political party promoting free enterprise and private ownership (英国的)保守党 2  a similar party elsewhere (其他国家的)保守党

conservative surgery n.  surgery that seeks to preserve tissues as far as possible 保守外科(主张尽可能保存患者身体病变组织的外科)

conservatoire /kənˈsɜ:vətwɑ:/ n.  a (usu. European) school of music or other arts (通常指欧洲的)音乐(或艺术)学校 [French from Italian conservatorio (as CONSERVATORY)]

conservator /ˈkɒnsəveitə, kənˈsɜ:vətə/ n.  a person who preserves something; an official custodian (of a museum etc.) 保管者，保护者；(博物馆等的)管理员 [Middle English via Anglo-French conservatour, Old French -ateur via Latin conservator -oris (as CONSERVE)]

conservatorium /kənsɜ:vəˈtɔ:riəm/ n. Austral. [澳]  = CONSERVATOIRE 

conservatory /kənˈsɜ:vət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a greenhouse for tender plants; a room, esp. one attached to and communicating with a house, designed for the growing or displaying of plants (尤指与住房相连，培养或展示植物的)温室，暖房 2  = SUN LOUNGE  3 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CONSERVATOIRE  [Late Latin conservatorium (as CONSERVE): sense 3 via Italian conservatorio]

conserve /kənˈsɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  store up; keep from harm or damage, esp. for later use 保护；贮藏，保存(尤指以备后用) 2 Physics  maintain a quantity of (heat etc.) 【物理学】使(热量等)守恒 3  preserve (food, esp. fruit), usu. with sugar (通常用糖渍)保存(食品，尤指水果) ●n. /also 亦作 ˈkɒnsɜ:v/  1  fruit etc. preserved in sugar 蜜饯，果脯 2  fresh fruit jam 鲜果酱 [Middle English via Old French conserver from Latin conservare (as COM-, servare ‘keep’)]

consider /kənˈsidə/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  1  a  contemplate mentally, esp. in order to reach a conclusion; give attention to (尤指为得出结论而)考虑，细想；关注b  examine the merits of (a course of action, a candidate, claim, etc.) 权衡(行动方案、要求等的)得失；考虑(候选人)的功过 2  look attentively at 细看，凝视 3  take into account; show regard for 考虑到，体谅；尊重 4 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  have the opinion 认为，断定 5 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  believe; regard as 相信；把…看作  consider it to be genuine  相信它是非人造的 consider it settled  认为事情解决了 6 (as 作 considered adj.)  formed after careful thought 经反复思考的，经深思熟虑的  a considered opinion  经过深思熟虑的意见 □ all things considered   taking everything into account 通盘考虑，从各方面来考虑 [Middle English via Old French considerer from Latin considerare ‘examine’]

considerable /kənˈsid(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  enough in amount or extent to merit consideration; much; a lot of 相当多(大)的，很多(大)的；值得考虑的  considerable pain  很大的痛苦 2  notable, important 值得注意的，重要的，重大的  considerable achievement  重大成就 □ considerably  adv.  

considerate /kənˈsid(ə)rət/ adj.  1  thoughtful towards other people; careful not to cause hurt or inconvenience 体贴的，体谅的；考虑周到的 2 archaic  careful [古义]谨慎的，小心的 □ considerately  adv.  

consideration /kənsidəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of considering; careful thought 考虑，思考 2  thoughtfulness for others; being considerate 体贴，关切；照顾 3  a fact or a thing taken into account in deciding or judging something 所考虑的事，需考虑的事 4  compensation; a payment or reward 补偿费；报酬，酬金 5 Law (in a contractual agreement) anything given or promised or forborne by one party in exchange for the promise or undertaking of another 【法律】(合同协议的)对价；约因，约根 6 archaic  importance or consequence [古义]重要性 □ in consideration of   in return for; on account of 作为酬报；考虑到□ take into consideration   include as a factor, reason, etc.; make allowance for 考虑到，顾及□ under consideration   being considered 在考虑中；在研究中；在审议中 [Middle English via Old French from Latin consideratio -onis (as CONSIDER)]

considering /kənˈsid(ə)riŋ/ prep., conj. & adv. ●prep. & conj.  in view of; taking into consideration 考虑到；就…而论  considering their youth  考虑到他们还年轻 considering that it was snowing  鉴于天在下雪 ●adv. colloq.  all in all; taking everything into account [口]总的说来；通盘考虑起来  not so bad, considering  总的说来还算不错

consign /kənˈsain/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  hand over; deliver to a person's possession or trust 把…交付与，把…委托给 2  assign; commit decisively or permanently 委派；打发，放逐  consigned it to the dustbin  把它丢进垃圾箱 consigned to years of misery  使陷于多年的悲惨境地 3  transmit or send (goods), usu. by a public carrier (通常指通过公共运输公司)托运，运送(货物) □ consignee  /kɒnsaiˈni:/ n.  受托人；收件人，收货人□ consignor  n.  委托人；寄件人，发货人 [Middle English from French consigner or Latin consignare ‘mark with a seal’ as COM-, signare ‘sign’]

consignment /kənˈsainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consigning; the process of being consigned 交付，委托；托运，发送 2  a batch of goods consigned 托运的一批货物，寄售的物品

consist /kənˈsist/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  be composed of; have ingredients or elements as specified 由…组成；构成  the house consists of five rooms  那座房子由 5 个房间组成 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  have its essential features as specified 在于，存在于  its beauty consists in the use of colour  它的美在于色彩的运用 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  harmonize; be consistent 和谐，融洽；一致，符合 [Latin consistere ‘stand firm or still, exist’ (as COM-, sistere ‘stop’)]

consistency /kənˈsist(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 consistence) (pl. -ies or -es)  1  a  the degree of firmness with which a substance holds together 强度，硬度；坚固性，坚硬性b  the degree of density, esp. of thick liquids (尤指黏稠液体的)浓度，黏稠度 2  the state of being consistent; conformity with other or earlier attitudes, practice, etc. 一致性，一贯性；协调 [French consistence or Late Latin consistentia (as CONSIST)]

consistent /kənˈsist(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  compatible or in harmony; not contradictory 一致的，和谐的；符合的 2 (of a person) constant to the same principles of thought or action (人)坚持不懈的，一贯的，始终如一的 □ consistently  adv.   [Latin consistere (as CONSIST)]

consistory /kənˈsist(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 RC Ch.  the council of cardinals (with or without the Pope) 【天主教】(有或没有教皇参加的)红衣主教议会 2 (in full 全称 consistory court) (in the Church of England) a court presided over by a bishop, for the administration of ecclesiastical law in a diocese (英国国教会)主教法庭 3 (in other Churches) a local administrative body (其他教派的)地方管理机构 □ consistorial  /kɒnsiˈstɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French consistorie, Old French -oire from Late Latin consistorium (as CONSIST)]

consociation /kɒnsəʊʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -səʊsi-/ n.  1  close association, esp. of Churches or religious communities (尤指教堂或宗教团体之间的)密切关系，联合 2 Ecol.  a closely related sub-group of plants having one dominant species 【态】单优种群丛 [Latin consociatio, -onis from consociare (as COM-, socius ‘fellow’)]

consolation /kɒnsəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consoling; the state of being consoled 安慰，慰藉；慰问 2  a consoling thing, person, or circumstance 起安慰作用的事物(人或环境) □ consolatory  /kənˈsɒlət(ə)ri, -ˈsəʊl-/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin consolatio -onis (as CONSOLE1)]

consolation prize n.  a prize given to a competitor who just fails to win a main prize 安慰奖，鼓励奖

console1 /kənˈsəʊl/ v. tr.  comfort, esp. in grief or disappointment (尤指在悲伤或失望中)安慰，抚慰，慰问 □ consolable  adj.  □ consoler  n.  □ consolingly  adv.   [French consoler from Latin consolari (as COM-, solari ‘soothe’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONDOLE. 见 CONDOLE 词条的用法说明。 

console2 /ˈkɒnsəʊl/ n.  1  a panel or unit accommodating a set of switches, controls, etc. 仪表板，控制台，操纵台 2  a cabinet for television or radio equipment etc. 电视机(或收音机)落地柜 3 Mus.  a cabinet with the keyboards, stops, pedals, etc., of an organ 【音】风琴的操作台(包括键盘、音栓、踏板等) 4  an ornamented bracket supporting a shelf etc. (带有装饰的)支架，托架 [French, perhaps from consolider (as CONSOLIDATE)]

console table n.  a table supported by a bracket against a wall (靠墙放的)螺形托架小桌

consolidate /kənˈsɒlideit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become strong or solid (使)结实，(使)坚固 2 tr.  reinforce or strengthen (one's position, power, etc.) 巩固，加强(地位、权力等) 3 tr.  combine (territories, companies, debts, etc.) into one whole (领土、公司、债务等)联合，合并 □ consolidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ consolidator  n.  □ consolidatory  adj.   [Latin consolidare (as COM-, solidare from solidus ‘solid’)]

consolidated fund n. (also 亦作 consolidated annuities) Brit.  a Bank of England fund into which tax revenue is paid and from which payments not dependent on annual votes in Parliament are made [英]统一基金(由政府设立的用于支付公债利息的基金)

consols /ˈkɒns(ə)lz/ n. pl.  British government securities without redemption date and with fixed annual interest (英国政府发行的定息无归偿期)政府债券 [abbreviation of consolidated annuities]

consommé /kənˈsɒmei/ n.  a clear soup made with concentrated meat stock 清炖肉汤 [French, past part. of consommer from Latin consummare (as CONSUMMATE)]

consonance /ˈkɒns(ə)nəns/ n.  1  agreement, harmony 一致，和谐，协调 2 Prosody  a recurrence of similar-sounding consonants 【诗体】(诗行中的)辅音韵 3 Mus.  a harmonious combination of notes; a harmonious interval 【音】和音；协和音程 [Middle English from Old French consonance or Latin consonantia (as CONSONANT)]

consonant /ˈkɒns(ə)nənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed, and which to form a syllable must be combined with a vowel 辅音 2  a letter or letters representing this 辅音字母 ●adj. (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  1  consistent; in agreement or harmony 一致的；符合的，协调的 2  similar in sound (音调、声音等)和谐的 3 Mus.  making a concord 【音】协和音程的 □ consonantal  /-ˈnænt(ə)l/ adj.  □ consonantly  adv.   [Middle English via French from Latin consonare (as COM-, sonare ‘to sound’ from sonus)]

con sordino /kɒn sɔ:ˈdi:nəʊ/ adv. Mus.  with the use of a mute 【音】用弱音器 [Italian]

consort1 n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒnsɔ:t/  1  a wife or husband, esp. of royalty (尤指王室成员的)配偶  prince consort  王妃 2  a companion; an associate 伙伴，同事；合伙人 3  a ship sailing with another 随航船只，僚舰，僚艇 ●v. /kənˈsɔ:t/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, together)  a  keep company; associate 陪伴；结交b  harmonize 协调，融洽，和谐 2 tr.  class or bring together 把…归在一类；使联合 [Middle English via French from Latin consors ‘sharer, comrade’ (as COM-, sors sortis ‘lot, destiny’)]

consort2 /ˈkɒnsɔ:t/ n. Mus.  a group of musicians who regularly perform together, esp. playing early music 【音】(尤指经常同台演出早期音乐的)一组乐师  recorder consort  录音乐师 [earlier form of CONCERT]

consortium /kənˈsɔ:tiəm/ n. (pl. consortia /-tiə/ or consortiums)  1  an association, esp. of several business companies (尤指几家企业公司的)联合，合伙；联营企业 2 Law  the right of association with a husband or wife 【法律】配偶权利  loss of consortium  配偶权利的丧失 [Latin, = partnership (as CONSORT1)]

conspecific /kɒnspəˈsifik/ adj. Biol.  of the same species 【生】同种的

conspectus /kənˈspektəs/ n.  1  a general or comprehensive survey 概观，概览 2  a summary or synopsis 摘要，概要，大纲 [Latin from conspicere conspect- (as COM-, spicere ‘look at’)]

conspicuous /kənˈspikjʊəs/ adj.  1  clearly visible; striking to the eye 明显的，显眼的；惹人注意的  a conspicuous hole in his shirt  他衬衫上一个显眼的破洞 2  remarkable; noteworthy 出色的；值得注意的  a conspicuous success  显著的成就 3 (of expenditure etc.) lavish, with a view to enhancing one's prestige (花费开支等)炫耀的，铺张的，摆阔气的 □ conspicuously  adv.  □ conspicuousness  n.   [Latin conspicuus (as CONSPECTUS)]

conspiracy /kənˈspirəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a secret plan to commit a crime or do harm, often for political ends; a plot (常指有政治目的的)秘密计划；犯罪图谋，阴谋 2  the act of conspiring 阴谋活动，密谋 [Middle English via Anglo-French conspiracie, alteration of Old French conspiration, from Latin conspiratio -onis (as CONSPIRE)]

conspiracy of silence n.  an agreement to say nothing (对错误或非法行为)保持缄默的密约，攻守同盟

conspiracy theory n.  a belief that some covert but influential agency or organization is responsible for an unexplained event 缄默理论(即认为某个有影响的秘密组织应对不明事件负责的看法)

conspirator /kənˈspirətə/ n.  a person who takes part in a conspiracy 共谋者，阴谋家 □ conspiratorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ conspiratorially  /-ˈtɔ:riəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French conspiratour, Old French -teur (as CONSPIRE)]

conspire /kənˈspaiə/ v. intr.  1  combine secretly to plan and prepare an unlawful or harmful act (为非法或有害活动而)密谋，搞阴谋，图谋 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, or to + infin.) (of events or circumstances) seem to be working together, esp. disadvantageously (尤指不利的事件或情况)似乎同时发生 [Middle English via Old French conspirer from Latin conspirare ‘agree, plot’ (as COM-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

constable /ˈkʌnstəb(ə)l, ˈkɒn-/ n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a policeman or policewoman (男女)警察b (also 亦作 police constable)  a police officer of the lowest rank (最低等级的)警官 2  the governor of a royal castle (皇家城堡的)看守 3 hist.  the principal officer in a royal household [史义]王室总管；皇家总管 [Middle English via Old French conestable from Late Latin comes stabuli ‘count (head officer) of the stable’]

constabulary /kənˈstæbjʊləri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  an organized body of police; a police force 武装警察；警察部队 ●attrib. adj.  of or concerning the police force 警察部队的，关于警察部队的 [medieval Latin constabularius (as CONSTABLE)]

Constance /ˈkɒnstəns/   康斯坦斯 [人名]

constancy /ˈkɒnst(ə)nsi/ n.  1  the quality of being unchanging and dependable; faithfulness 忠实可靠；忠诚 2  firmness, endurance 坚定不移，坚贞，坚决 [Latin constantia (as CONSTANT)]

constant /ˈkɒnst(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  continuous 不断的，持续的  needs constant attention  需要不断地集中注意力 2  occurring frequently 经常发生的  receive constant complaints  经常收到抱怨投诉 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unchanging, faithful, dependable 不变的；忠实的；可靠的 ●n.  1  anything that does not vary 持久不变的事物 2 Math.  a component of a relationship between variables that does not change its value 【数】常数，常量 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  a number expressing a relation, property, etc., and remaining the same in all circumstances 常量b  such a number that remains the same for a substance in the same conditions 恒量 □ constantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin constare (as COM-, stare ‘stand’)]

constantan /ˈkɒnst(ə)ntæn/ n.  an alloy of copper and nickel used in electrical equipment 康铜(用于制作电器设备的铜镍合金) [CONSTANT + -AN]

Constantsa /kənˈstɑ:ntsə/ n.  康斯坦萨 [罗马尼亚港市]

constellate /ˈkɒnstəleit/ v. tr.  1  form into (or as if into) a constellation 使(似)形成星座；使(似)群集 2  adorn as with stars 以群星来装饰；点缀

constellation /kɒnstəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a group of fixed stars whose outline is traditionally regarded as forming a particular figure 星座(外观被认为像某个特定形体的一组恒星) 2  a group of associated persons, ideas, etc. 相关的人群；相关的思想观点 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin constellatio -onis (as COM-, stella ‘star’)]

consternate /ˈkɒnstəneit/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动形式)  dismay; fill with anxiety 使惊恐，使惊愕；使充满焦虑 [Latin consternare (as COM-, sternere ‘throw down’)]

consternation /kɒnstəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  anxiety or dismay causing mental confusion (引起思想混乱的)焦虑；惊恐，惊愕 [French consternation or Latin consternatio (as CONSTERNATE)]

constipate /ˈkɒnstipeit/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 constipated adj.)  affect with constipation 使便秘，使肠道秘结；限制，阻碍 [Latin constipare (as COM-, stipare ‘press’)]

constipation /kɒnstiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a condition with hardened faeces and difficulty in emptying the bowels 便秘 2  a restricted state 受限制(或约束)的状态 [Middle English from Old French constipation or Late Latin constipatio (as CONSTIPATE)]

constituency /kənˈstitjʊənsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative member to a legislative body 选区的全体选民 2 Brit.  the area represented in this way [英]选区 3  a body of customers, supporters, etc. 一群拥护者；一群老主顾

constituent /kənˈstitjʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  composing or helping to make up a whole 组成的，构成的；有助于形成的 2  able to make or change a (political etc.) constitution 有宪法制定(或修改)权的；有组阁权的  constituent assembly  立宪会议 3  appointing or electing 任命的；选举的 ●n.  1  a member of a constituency (esp. political) (尤指政治方面的)选民，选区居民 2  a component part 成分，要素 3 Law  a person who appoints another as agent 【法律】委托人 [Latin constituent-, partly via French constituant (as CONSTITUTE)]

constitute /ˈkɒnstitju:t/ v. tr.  1  be the components or essence of; make up, form 组成；构成，形成 2  a  be equivalent or tantamount to 相当于，等于  this constitutes an official warning  这相当于一次正式警告b  formally establish 设立，建立  does not constitute a precedent  不开创先例 3  give legal or constitutional form to; establish by law 给…以合法形式；以合法形式设立 [Latin constituere (as COM-, statuere ‘set up’)]

constitution /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or method of constituting; the composition (of something) (事物的)构造；构成成分 2  a  the body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed 宪法；章程b  a (usu. written) record of this (通常指书面形式的)宪法文本 3  a person's physical state as regards vitality, health, strength, etc. 体格，体质 4  a person's mental or psychological make-up (人的智力或心理)素质，性格 5 hist.  a decree or ordinance [史义]政令，法令，法规条例 [Middle English from Old French constitution or Latin constitutio (as CONSTITUTE)]

constitutional /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, consistent with, authorized by, or limited by a political constitution 宪法的；符合宪法的；宪法规定的  a constitutional monarchy  符合宪法的君主制 2  inherent in, stemming from, or affecting the physical or mental constitution 内在的，生来的；起源于；影响体质(或心理素质)的 ●n.  a walk taken regularly to maintain or restore good health 保健散步，保健运动 □ constitutionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ constitutionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ constitutionally  adv.  

constitutionalism /kɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a constitutional system of government 宪政，立宪政体 2  the adherence to or advocacy of such a system 坚持立宪政体，拥护立宪政体 □ constitutionalist  n.  

constitutive /ˈkɒnstitju:tiv/ adj.  1  able to form or appoint 有制定权的；有任命权的 2  component 组成的，构成的 3  essential 本质的，基本的 □ constitutively  adv.   [Late Latin constitutivus (as CONSTITUTE)]

constrain /kənˈstrein/ v. tr.  1  compel; urge irresistibly or by necessity 强迫，迫使；力劝 2  a  confine forcibly; imprison 约束；关押，监禁b  restrict severely as regards action, behaviour, etc. 严格限制(行动、行为等) 3  bring about by compulsion 强行作出 4 (as 作 constrained adj.)  forced, embarrassed 勉强的，不自然的  a constrained voice  假嗓子 a constrained manner  不自然的态度 □ constrainedly  /kənˈstreinidli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French constraindre from Latin constringere (as COM-, stringere strict- ‘tie’)]

constraint /kənˈstreint/ n.  1  the act or result of constraining or being constrained; restriction of liberty 约束，限制；关押，禁闭 2  something that constrains; a limitation on motion or action 强制性的事物；约束性的事物 3  the restraint of natural feelings or their expression; a constrained manner 克制，抑制；不自然的态度 [Middle English from Old French constreinte, fem. past part. of constraindre (as CONSTRAIN)]

constrict /kənˈstrikt/ v. tr.  1  make narrow or tight; compress 使收缩，使缩窄；压缩，压紧 2 Biol.  cause (organic tissue) to contract 【生】使(有机组织)收缩 □ constriction  n.  □ constrictive  adj.   [Latin, past part. stem of constringere (as CONSTRAIN)]

constrictor /kənˈstriktə/ n.  1  any snake (esp. a boa) that kills by coiling round its prey and compressing it (将猎物缠绕挤压而死的)蟒蛇，大蛇 2 Anat.  any muscle that compresses or contracts an organ or part of the body 【解】缩肌，括约肌 [modern Latin (as CONSTRICT)]

construct v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈstrʌkt/  1  make by fitting parts together; build, form (something physical or abstract) 建造，构筑；组成，形成 2 Geom.  draw or delineate, esp. accurately to given conditions 【几】(尤指按所给条件)画几何图  construct a triangle  制作 1 个三角形 ●n. /ˈkɒnstrʌkt/  1  a thing constructed, esp. by the mind 建造物，构成物(尤指构思的结果) 2 Linguistics  a group of words forming a phrase 【语言学】结构成分，结构体 □ constructor  n.  建造者，施工者 [Latin construere construct- (as COM-, struere ‘pile, build’)]

construction /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or a mode of constructing 建造，构筑，建设；建筑式样 2  a thing constructed 建造物，建筑物 3  an interpretation or explanation 释义；解释  they put a generous construction on his act  他们对他的行为作了宽厚的解释 4 Gram.  an arrangement of words according to syntactical rules 【语法】句法结构，句法关系 □ constructional  adj.  □ constructionally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin constructio -onis (as CONSTRUCT)]

constructionism /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1 Art 【艺术】  = CONSTRUCTIVISM  2 US Law  interpretation of a legal document in a specified way [美]【法律】对法律文件的特定解释  strict constructionism  严格的法律文件解释 □ constructionist  n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  

construction site n.  = BUILDING SITE 

constructive /kənˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  1  of construction; tending to construct 建设的；建筑的 2  tending to form a basis for ideas; helpful, positive (opp. 反义 DESTRUCTIVE 2) 建设性的；有助益的；积极的  constructive criticism  建设性的批评 a constructive approach  有助益的方法 3  derived by inference; not expressed 推断的；未表达出来的  constructive permission  推断允许 4  belonging to the structure of a building 属于建筑结构的 □ constructively  adv.  □ constructiveness  n.   [Late Latin constructivus (as CONSTRUCT)]

constructive dismissal n.  the changing of an employee's job or working conditions with the aim of forcing resignation 推定解雇(即变换雇员的工作或工作条件以迫使其辞职)

constructivism /kənˈstrʌktiviz(ə)m/ n. Art  a Russian movement in which assorted (usu. mechanical or industrial) objects are combined into non-representational and mobile structural forms 【艺术】构成主义，构成派艺术(俄罗斯的一场(通常为机械的或工业的)用混杂物体构成抽象立体的艺术运动) □ constructivist  n.   [CONSTRUCTIVE + -ISM, transliterating Russian konstruktivizm]

construe /kənˈstru:/ v. tr. (construes, construed, construing)  1  interpret (words or actions) 解释(话语或行为)  their decision can be construed in many ways  他们的决定可以有许多种解释 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  combine (words) grammatically 根据语法规则把(词语)组合起来  ‘rely’ is construed with ‘on’  动词 rely 与介词 on 连用 3  analyse the syntax of (a sentence) (对句子)作句法分析 4  translate word for word 逐字翻译 □ construable  adj.  □ construal  n.   [Middle English from Latin construere CONSTRUCT]

consubstantial /kɒnsəbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj. Theol.  of the same substance (esp. of the three persons of the Trinity) 【神】同质的，同体的；(尤指基督教圣父、圣子、圣灵)三位一体的 □ consubstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.   [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin consubstantialis, translation of Greek homoousios (as COM-, SUBSTANTIAL)]

consubstantiation /ˌkɒnsəbstænʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n. Theol. (the doctrine of) the real substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ together with the bread and wine in the Eucharist 【神】圣体同质，同体论(即耶稣的圣体、圣血与圣餐面包和酒同在的理论) [modern Latin consubstantiatio, suggested by transubstantiatio TRANSUBSTANTIATION]

consuetude /ˈkɒnswitju:d/ n.  a custom, esp. one having legal force in Scotland (尤指苏格兰具有法律效力的)习俗 □ consuetudinary  /-ˈtju:din(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French consuetude or Latin consuetudo -dinis from consuetus ‘accustomed’]

consul /ˈkɒns(ə)l/ n.  1  an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city and protect the state's citizens and interests there (一国派驻外国某一城市的)领事 2 hist.  either of two annually elected chief magistrates in ancient Rome [史义] (古罗马每年选举产生的)二执政官之一 3  any of the three chief magistrates of the French republic (1799 － 1804) (1799 至 1804 年法国的)三执政官之一 □ consular  /ˈkɒnsjʊlə/ adj.  领事级的；领事职权的□ consulship  n.  领事职权；领事任期 [Middle English from Latin, related to consulere ‘take counsel’]

consulate /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/ n.  1  the building officially used by a consul 领事馆，领事官邸 2  the office, position, or period of office of consul 领事职权，领事职位；领事任期 3 hist.  government by consuls [史义]执政官政府 4 hist.  the period of office of a consul [史义]执政官任期 5 (作 Consulate) hist.  the government of France by three consuls (1799 － 1804) [史义]法国三执政政府 (1799 至 1804 年) [Middle English from Latin consulatus (as CONSUL)]

consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v.  1 tr.  seek information or advice from (a person, book, watch, etc.) 请教(某人)；查阅(书籍)；查看(钟表) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  refer to a person for advice, an opinion, etc. 向(某人)咨询，找(某人)商量 3 tr.  seek permission or approval from (a person) for a proposed action 请求准许(或批准) 4 tr.  take into account; consider (feelings, interests, etc.) 考虑；顾及(感情、利益等) □ consultative  /-tətiv/ adj.  咨询的，磋商的，顾问的 [French consulter from Latin consultare, frequentative of consulere consult- ‘take counsel’]

consultancy /kənˈsʌlt(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the professional practice or position of a consultant 顾问工作，顾问职位

consultant /kənˈsʌlt(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person providing professional advice etc., esp. for a fee (尤指收取服务费、提供专业咨询的)顾问 2 Brit.  a senior specialist in a branch of medicine responsible for patients in a hospital [英] (高级)会诊医师，顾问医师 [probably French (as CONSULT)]

consultation /kɒnsəlˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a meeting arranged to consult (esp. with a consultant) (尤指找顾问)请教，咨询 2  the act or an instance of consulting 咨询(或磋商)活动 3  a conference 讨论会，磋商会 [Middle English via Old French consultation or Latin consultatio from consultare (as CONSULT)]

consultee /kɒnsʌlˈti:/ n.  a person who is consulted 被咨询者

consulting /kənˈsʌltiŋ/ attrib. adj.  giving professional advice to others working in the same field or subject (同行业)专业咨询的  consulting physician  咨询医师

consumable /kənˈsju:məb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that can be consumed; intended for consumption 可消耗的；供消耗的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a commodity that is eventually used up, worn out, or eaten 消耗品，消费品

consume /kənˈsju:m/ v. tr.  1  eat or drink 吃，喝，消费 2  completely destroy; reduce to nothing or to tiny particles 消灭，毁灭  fire consumed the building  大火烧毁了那座楼房 3  engage the full attention of; engross; dominate 使全神贯注；使着迷；占首要地位 often in passive 常用被动 , foll. by 后跟 with or by: consumed with rage  怒不可遏 4  use up (time, energy, etc.) 消耗，花费，耗尽(时间、精力等) □ consumingly  adv.  消耗体力地，耗费精力地 [Middle English from Latin consumere (as COM-, sumere sumpt- ‘take up’): partly through French consumer]

consumer /kənˈsju:mə/ n.  1  a person who consumes, esp. one who uses a product 消费者(尤指使用某种产品者) 2  a purchaser of goods or services 顾客，用户，客户

consumer durable n.  a household product with a relatively long useful life (e.g. a radio or washing machine) 耐用消费品(如收音机或洗衣机)

consumer goods n. pl.  goods put to use by consumers, not used in producing other goods (opp. 反义 CAPITAL GOODS) 消费品，生活资料

consumerism /kənˈsju:məriz(ə)m/ n.  1  the protection or promotion of consumers' interests in relation to the producer 保护消费者权益运动 2 often derog.  a preoccupation with consumer goods and their acquisition [常贬]消费主义 □ consumerist  adj. & n.  

consumer research n.  investigation of purchasers' needs and opinions 消费研究(对消费者需求及意见的调查)

consumer society n.  a society in which the marketing of goods and services is an important social and economic activity 消费社会(指商品和服务的市场交易成为一种重要的社会和经济活动的社会)

consummate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈkɒnsəmeit, -sjʊ-/  1  complete; make perfect 完成；使完善，使圆满 2  complete (a marriage) by sexual intercourse (初次同房而)完(婚) ●adj. /kənˈsʌmət, ˈkɒnsʌmət/  complete, perfect; fully skilled 完全的，完美的；技艺高超的  a consummate general  一位指挥有方的将军 □ consummately  adv.  □ consummator  /ˈkɒnsəmeitə/ n.   [Latin consummare (as COM-, summare ‘complete’ from summus ‘utmost’)]

consummation /kɒnsəˈmeiʃ(ə)n, -sjʊ-/ n.  1  completion, esp. of a marriage by sexual intercourse 完成；(尤指同房而)完婚 2  a desired end or goal; perfection 最终目标，完美结局 [Middle English from Old French consommation or Latin consummatio (as CONSUMMATE)]

consumption /kənˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of consuming; the process of being consumed 耗损，消耗；消耗的过程 2  any disease causing wasting of tissues, esp. pulmonary tuberculosis (造成身体耗损的)疾病(尤指肺结核) 3  an amount consumed 消耗量 4  the purchase and use of goods etc. 消费(即商品等的购买和使用) 5  use by a particular person or group (为特定人群所)使用，消费  a film unfit for children's consumption  不适合儿童观看的电影 [Middle English via Old French consomption from Latin consumptio (as CONSUME)]

consumptive /kənˈsʌm(p)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or tending to consumption 消费的；消耗(性)的 2  tending to or affected with pulmonary tuberculosis 感染肺结核的，可能患肺结核的 ●n.  a consumptive patient 肺结核患者 □ consumptively  adv.   [medieval Latin consumptivus (as CONSUMPTION)]

cont. abbr. [缩略]  1  contents  2  continued 

contact n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntækt/  1  the state or condition of touching, meeting, or communicating 接触；联系；交际，交往 2  a person who is or may be communicated with for information, supplies, assistance, etc. (情报、供应、援助等的)联络人，联系人 3 Electr. 【电】  a  a connection for the passage of a current 接点，触点b  a device for providing this 接头，接触器 4  a person likely to carry a contagious disease through being associated with an infected person (因与传染病患者接触而可能)携带传染病菌者 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a contact lens [口]接触式透镜；隐形眼镜 ●v. tr. /ˈkɒntækt, kənˈtækt/  1  get into communication with (a person) 与(某人)接触；与(某人)联系 2  begin correspondence or personal dealings with 开始通信；开始交往 □ contactable  adj.   [Latin contactus from contingere (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

contact lens n.  a small lens placed directly on the eyeball to correct the vision 接触式透镜；隐形眼镜

contact print n.  a photographic print made by placing a negative directly on sensitized paper etc. and illuminating it 接触式印相照片

contact sheet n.  a contact print showing several or all of the photographs on a film (印有 1 部影片中几个或全部镜头的)接触式印相照片

contact sport n.  a sport in which participants necessarily come into bodily contact with one another 接触性体育运动(如拳击，摔跤等)

contagion /kənˈteidʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the communication of disease from one person to another by bodily contact (疾病的)接触性传染b  a contagious disease 接触性传染病 2  a contagious or harmful influence 恶劣影响，有害影响 3  moral corruption, esp. when tending to be widespread (尤指趋于广泛蔓延的)道德腐败，歪风 [Middle English from Latin contagio (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

contagious /kənˈteidʒəs/ adj.  1  a (of a person) likely to transmit disease by contact (指人)可能传染疾病的b (of a disease) transmitted in this way (疾病)传染性的 2 (of emotions, reactions, etc.) likely to affect others (感情、反应等)感染性的；可能蔓延的  contagious enthusiasm  有感染力的热情 □ contagiously  adv.  □ contagiousness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin contagiosus (as CONTAGION)]

contagious abortion n.  brucellosis of cattle (牲畜)传染性流产

contain /kənˈtein/ v. tr.  1  hold or be capable of holding within itself; include, comprise 容纳，包含，包括 2 (of measures) consist of or be equal to (计量单位)相当于，折合  a gallon contains eight pints  1 加仑相当于 8 品脱 3  prevent (an enemy, difficulty, etc.) from moving or extending 阻止(敌人的前进)；防止(困难的蔓延) 4  control or restrain (oneself, one's feelings, etc.) 控制，抑制(感情)；克制(自我) 5 (of a number) be divisible by (a factor) without a remainder (数目)可除尽，可整除 □ containable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French contenir from Latin continēre content- (as COM-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

container /kənˈteinə/ n.  1  a vessel, box, etc., for holding particular things 容器(如盒、箱、罐等) 2  a large boxlike receptacle of standard design for the transport of goods, esp. one readily transferable from one form of transport to another 集装箱

container-grown adj. (of a plant) grown in a container rather than in the ground (植物)盆栽的

containerize /kənˈteinəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  pack in or transport by container 用集装箱载运 2  adapt to transport by container 适合用集装箱载运 □ containerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

container port n.  a port specializing in handling goods stored in containers 集装箱货港

container ship n.  a ship designed to carry goods stored in containers 集装箱船

containment /kənˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence (对敌对国家或影响的)遏制行动，遏制政策

contaminate /kənˈtæmineit/ v. tr.  1  pollute, esp. with radioactivity 污染(尤指放射性污染) 2  infect; corrupt 感染，侵染；腐蚀 □ contaminant  n.  □ contamination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ contaminator  n.   [Latin contaminare (as COM-, tamen- related to tangere ‘touch’)]

contango /kənˈtæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. Stock Exch. [英]【股】  1  the postponement of the transfer of stock from one account day to the next 交易延期 2  a percentage paid by the buyer for such a postponement (由买主支付的)交易延期费，交易延期升水 [19th c.: probably an arbitrary formation, perhaps with the idea ‘I make contingent’: see CONTINGENT]

contango day n. Stock Exch.  the eighth day before settling day 【股】升水日(交割日前的第 8 天)

conte /kɒnt, 法 kɔ˜t/ n.  1  a short story (as a form of literary composition) (作为文学体裁之一的)短篇小说 2  a medieval narrative tale (中世纪)叙事故事 [French]

contemn /kənˈtem/ v. tr. literary  despise; treat with disregard [文学用语]蔑视，藐视；轻视 □ contemner  /-ˈtemə, -ˈtemnə/ n.   [Middle English from Old French contemner or Latin contemnere (as COM-, temnere tempt- ‘despise’)]

contemplate /ˈkɒntempleit, -təm-/ v.  1 tr.  survey with the eyes or in the mind 注视，凝视；思忖，思量 2 tr.  regard (an event) as possible 视…为可能 3 tr.  intend; have as one's purpose 打算，盘算  we contemplate leaving tomorrow  我们打算明天动身 4 intr.  meditate 沉思，苦思冥想 □ contemplation  /-ˈpleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ contemplator  n.   [Latin contemplari (as COM-, templum ‘place for observations’)]

contemplative /kənˈtemplətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or given to (esp. religious) contemplation; meditative (尤指宗教)敛心默祷的；沉思的 ●n.  a person whose life is devoted to religious contemplation 敛心默祷者 □ contemplatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French contemplatif -ive, or Latin contemplativus (as CONTEMPLATE)]

contemporaneous /kəntempəˈreiniəs, kɒn-/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  existing or occurring at the same time 同时存在的，同时出现的 2  of the same period 属同一时期的，同时代的 □ contemporaneity  /-ˈni:iti, -ˈneiiti/ n.  □ contemporaneously  adv.  □ contemporaneousness  n.   [Latin contemporaneus (as COM-, temporaneus from tempus -oris ‘time’)]

contemporary /kənˈtemp(ə)r(ər)i/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  living or occurring at the same time 生活于同时代的；发生在同时代的 2  approximately equal in age 年龄大致相同的 3  following modern ideas or fashion in style or design (风格或设计样式)现代的，当代的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person or thing living or existing at the same time as another 同时代的人；同时存在的事物 2  a person of roughly the same age as another 同龄人，年龄大致相同者 □ contemporarily  adv.  □ contemporariness  n.   [medieval Latin contemporarius (as CONTEMPORANEOUS)]

contempt /kənˈtem(p)t/ n.  1  a feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn or extreme reproach 轻视，蔑视 2  the condition of being held in contempt 屈辱，耻辱 3 (in full 全称 contempt of court)  disobedience to or disrespect for a court of law and its officers 藐视法庭 □ beneath contempt   utterly despicable 不齿，不屑一顾□ hold in contempt   despise 轻视，认为…不屑一顾 [Middle English from Latin contemptus, from contemnere CONTEMN]

contemptible /kənˈtem(p)tib(ə)l/ adj.  deserving contempt; despicable 卑鄙的，可鄙的；不屑一顾的 □ contemptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ contemptibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French or Late Latin contemptibilis. from Latin contemnere CONTEMN]

contemptuous /kənˈtem(p)tjʊəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  showing contempt, scornful; insolent 表示轻蔑的，鄙视的；傲慢无礼的 □ contemptuously  adv.  □ contemptuousness  n.   [medieval Latin contemptuosus from Latin contemptus from contemnere CONTEMN]

contend /kənˈtend/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  strive, fight 搏斗，争斗 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, with)  compete 竞争，争夺  contending for the title  争夺该项头衔 contending emotions  相互冲突的感情 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  assert, maintain 断言，主张 □ contender  n. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)   [Old French contendre or Latin contendere (as COM-, tendere tent- ‘stretch, strive’)]

content1 /kənˈtent/ adj., v. & n. ●predic. adj.  1  satisfied; adequately happy; in agreement 满意的，满足的；同意的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  willing 甘愿的，乐意的 ●v. tr.  make content; satisfy 使满意，使满足 ●n.  a contented state; satisfaction 满足，满意 □ to one's heart's content   to the full extent of one's desires 尽情地；心满意足地 [Middle English via Old French from Latin contentus ‘satisfied’, past part. of continēre (as CONTAIN)]

content2 /ˈkɒntent/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  what is contained in something, esp. in a vessel, book, or house (容器或房子)所容纳的东西，所含之物；(书籍的)内容 2  the amount of a constituent contained 含量  low sodium content  钠含量低 3  the substance or material dealt with (in a speech, work of art, etc.) as distinct from its form or style (演讲、艺术作品等与其形式或风格相对的)实质内容，要旨，意义 4  the capacity or volume of a thing 容量，容积，体积 5 (in pl. 用复数 ; in full 全称 table of contents)  a list of the titles of chapters etc. given at the front of a book, periodical, etc. (书籍、期刊等的)目录 [Middle English from medieval Latin contentum (as CONTAIN)]

contented /kənˈtentid/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, or to + infin.)  1  happy, satisfied 高兴的，满意的，满足的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  willing to be content 甘愿的，乐意的  was contented with the outcome  对结果心满意足 □ contentedly  adv.  □ contentedness  n.  

contention /kənˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dispute or argument; rivalry 争辩，争论；竞争，对抗 2  a point contended for in an argument (辩论中的)争论点  it is my contention that you are wrong  我的论点是你错了 □ in contention   competing, esp. with a good chance of success (尤指很有希望获胜的)竞争 [Middle English from Old French contention or Latin contentio (as CONTEND)]

contentious /kənˈtenʃəs/ adj.  1  argumentative, quarrelsome 爱争论的，好争吵的 2  likely to cause an argument; disputed, controversial 可能引起争论的；有争执的，有争议的 □ contentiously  adv.  □ contentiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French contentieux from Latin contentiosus (as CONTENTION)]

contentment /kənˈtentm(ə)nt/ n.  a satisfied state; tranquil happiness 满意，心满意足

conterminous /kɒnˈtɜ:minəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  having a common boundary 有共同边界的，邻接的 2  coextensive in space, time, or meaning 有共同空间(或时间)范围的；(含义)同样广泛的 □ conterminously  adv.   [Latin conterminus (as COM-, terminus ‘boundary’)]

contessa /kɒnˈtesə/ n.  an Italian countess (意大利)女伯爵；伯爵夫人 [Italian from Late Latin comitissa: see COUNTESS]

contest n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntest/  1  a process of contending; a competition 竞赛，比赛；竞争，争夺 2  a dispute; a controversy 争论，争辩；辩论 ●v. tr. /kənˈtest/  1  challenge or dispute (a decision etc.) 对(决定等)提出质疑 2  debate (a point, statement, etc.) (就观点、陈述等)辩论，辩驳 3  contend or compete for (a prize, parliamentary seat, etc.); compete in (an election) 竞争，争夺(奖品、议会席位等)；竞选 □ contestable  /kənˈtestəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ contester  /kənˈtestə/ n.   [earlier = bear witness, from Latin contestari (as COM-, testis ‘witness’)]

contestant /kənˈtest(ə)nt/ n.  a person who takes part in a contest or competition 竞赛者，参赛者

contestation /kɒnteˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a disputation 争论，争执 2  an assertion contended for (争论中提出的)论点 [Latin contestatio, partly through French (as CONTEST)]

context /ˈkɒntekst/ n.  1  the parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning (文章或演讲等的)上下文，语境 2  the circumstances relevant to something under consideration (考虑中的事物的)来龙去脉，背景，环境 □ in context   with the surrounding words or circumstances 在上下文中；连贯起来  must be seen in context  必须连贯起来看□ out of context   without the surrounding words or circumstances and so not fully understandable 脱离上下文，断章取义□ contextual  /kənˈtekstjʊəl/ adj.  □ contextually  /kənˈtekstjʊəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin contextus (as COM-, texere text- ‘weave’)]

contextualism /kənˈtekstjʊəlis(ə)m/ n. Philos.  any doctrine which emphasizes the importance of the context of enquiry in a particular question 【哲】上下文主义，背景主义(指在某个特定问题的探究中强调上下文或背景重要性的学说) □ contextualist  n.  

contextualize /kənˈtekstjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  place in a context; study in context 置于上下文中；放在上下文中研究 □ contextualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

contiguity /kɒntiˈɡju:iti/ n.  1  being contiguous; proximity; contact 相邻，邻近；共边；接触 2 Psychol.  the proximity of ideas or impressions in place or time, as a principle of association 【心】(观点或印象在顺序或时间上的)接近

contiguous /kənˈtiɡjʊəs/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to)  touching, esp. along a line; in contact 共边的；互相接触的 2  neighbouring; connected 相邻的，毗邻的；相连接的 □ contiguously  adv.   [Latin contiguus (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

continent1 /ˈkɒntinənt/ n.  1  any of the main continuous expanses of land (Europe, Asia, Africa, N. and S. America, Australia, Antarctica) 洲，大洲(指欧洲、亚洲、非洲、南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲和南极洲) 2 (作 the Continent)  the mainland of Europe as distinct from the British Isles (除不列颠群岛外的)欧洲大陆 3  continuous land; a mainland (区别于岛屿或半岛的)大陆 [Latin terra continens ‘continuous land’]

continent2 /ˈkɒntinənt/ adj.  1  able to control movements of the bowels and bladder 大小便正常的 2  exercising self-restraint, esp. sexually 自制的，节制的(尤指节制性欲的) □ continence  n.  □ continently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin (as CONTAIN)]

continental /kɒntiˈnent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of a continent 大洲的；大陆(性)的 2 (作 Continental)  of, relating to, or characteristic of mainland Europe 欧洲大陆(性)的 ●n.  an inhabitant of mainland Europe 欧洲大陆人 □ continentally  adv.  

continental breakfast n.  a light breakfast of coffee, rolls, etc. (以咖啡和面包卷等为主的)欧洲大陆式早餐；清淡早餐

continental climate n.  a climate having wide variations of temperature 大陆性气候

continental day n. Brit.  a school day lasting from early morning to early afternoon [英] (从清晨到下午的)学校上课日

continental drift n.  the hypothesis that the continents are moving slowly over the surface of the earth on a deep-lying plastic substratum 大陆漂移假说

continental quilt n. Brit.  a duvet [英]羽绒被

continental shelf n.  an area of relatively shallow seabed between the shore of a continent and the deeper ocean 大陆架

contingency /kənˈtindʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a future event or circumstance regarded as likely to occur, or as influencing present action 可能发生的事，不测事件 2  something dependent on another uncertain event or occurrence 未知情况引发的事件；附带情况 3  uncertainty of occurrence 偶然，难以预料 4  a  one thing incident to another 伴随而来的事b  an incidental expense etc. 附带开支 [earlier contingence from Late Latin contingentia (as CONTINGENT)]

contingency fund n.  a fund to cover incidental or unforeseen expenses 应急基金，应急拨款

contingency plan n.  a plan designed to take account of a possible future event or circumstance 应急计划，应变计划

contingent /kənˈtindʒ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  conditional, dependent (on an uncertain event or circumstance) 依条件而定的；取决于(未知事件或情况)的 2  associated 相关的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  incidental 意外的，偶然的 4  a  that may or may not occur 可能(或不可能)发生的；不可预料的b  fortuitous; occurring by chance 偶然的；偶然发生的 5  true only under existing or specified conditions 依现有(或特定)条件而定的 ●n.  a body forming part of a larger group 小分队，分遣队，代表团 □ contingently  adv.   [Latin contingere (as COM-, tangere ‘touch’)]

continual /kənˈtinjʊəl/ adj.  constantly or frequently recurring; always happening 多次重复的，频繁的；不断的  subjected to continual interruptions  频频受到打扰 □ continually  adv.   [Middle English from Old French continuel, from continuer (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference in meaning between continual and continuous. Continual means ‘happening frequently (but with breaks in between each occurrence)’, while continuous means ‘uninterrupted, incessant’. 注意 continual 和 continuous 之间含义上的区别。 continual 表示“频繁发生”(但在每次发生或出现之间有间隔)，而 continuous 则表示“不间断的，连续不断的”。 

continuance /kənˈtinjʊəns/ n.  1  a state of continuing in existence or operation 继续(存在)，延续；持续(运转) 2  the duration of an event or action (事件或行为的)持续时间 3 US Law  a postponement or an adjournment [美]【法律】(诉讼)延期审理 [Middle English from Old French (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between continuance and continuation. Continuance relates mainly to the intransitive senses of continue ‘to be still in existence’, while continuation relates to its transitive senses ‘to keep up, resume’, e.g. the Prime Minister's continuance in office; our continuation of the project. 注意 continuance 和 continuation 之间含义上的区别。 continuance 主要与动词 continue 的不及物意义相关，即“仍然存在”，如 the Prime Minister's continuance in office (首相的连任)；而 continuation 则与其及物意义相关，即“坚持做，(停顿后)再继续”，如 our continuation of the project (我们继续进行该工程的施工)。 

continuant /kənˈtinjʊənt/ n. & adj. Phonet. 【语音】  ●n.  a speech sound in which the vocal tract is only partly closed, allowing the breath to pass through and the sound to be prolonged 擦音，持续音，延续音  as with 例如 f  、 r  、 s  、 v  等 ●adj.  of or relating to such a sound 擦音的，持续音的，延续音的 [French continuant and Latin continuare (as CONTINUE)]

continuation /kəntinjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of continuing; the process of being continued 继续，持续，延续 2  a part that continues something else 续篇，补编，附加部分 3 Brit. Stock Exch.  the carrying over of an account to the next settling day [英]【股】交易延期(至下一个升水日) [Middle English via Old French from Latin continuatio-onis (as CONTINUE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONTINUANCE. 见 CONTINUANCE 词条的用法说明。 

continuation day n.  = CONTANGO DAY 

continuative /kənˈtinjʊətiv/ adj.  tending or serving to continue 继续的，连续的，持续的 [Late Latin continuativus (as CONTINUATION)]

continue /kənˈtinju:/ v. (continues, continued, continuing)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun, or to + infin.)  persist in, maintain, not stop (an action etc.) 坚持不懈，坚持；(行动等)继续不断 2  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  resume or prolong (a narrative, journey, etc.) 继续(讲述)；延长(旅行)b intr.  recommence after a pause (停顿后)重新开始，继续  the concert will continue shortly  音乐会很快将继续进行 3 tr.  be a sequel to 上接，下转，待续 4 intr.  a  remain in existence or unchanged 继续存在；维持原状b (with 带 compl.)  remain in a specified state 保持(特定)状态  the weather continued fine  天气继续晴朗 5 tr. US Law  postpone or adjourn (proceedings) [美]【法律】延期诉讼 □ continuable  adj.  □ continuer  n.   [Middle English via Old French continuer from Latin continuare ‘make or be CONTINUOUS’]

continuing education n.  education for adults consisting esp. of short or part-time courses (成人)继续教育(尤指短期或业余课程)

continuity /kɒntiˈnju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the state of being continuous 继续，持续，连续b  an unbroken succession 一系列，连贯的整体c  a logical sequence 逻辑序列 2  the detailed and self-consistent scenario of a film or broadcast (电影的)分镜头剧本；(广播节目的)串联词 3  the linking of broadcast items (广播的)节目串联 [French continuité from Latin continuitas -tatis (as CONTINUOUS)]

continuity girl n. (also 亦作 continuity man)  the person responsible for agreement of detail between different sessions of filming 场记小姐，女场记员

continuo /kənˈtinjʊəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  an accompaniment providing a bass line and harmonies which are indicated by figures, often played on a keyboard instrument 【音】(键盘乐器的)数字低音 [shortened from basso continuo (Italian, = continuous bass)]

continuous /kənˈtinjʊəs/ adj.  1  unbroken, uninterrupted, connected throughout in space or time 连绵的，不间断的；(在空间或时间上)连续不断的  continuous rain  连绵的雨 2 Gram. 【语法】  = PROGRESSIVEadj. 7  □ continuously  adv.  □ continuousness  n.   [Latin continuus ‘uninterrupted’ from continēre (as COM-, tenēre ‘hold’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONTINUAL. 见 CONTINUAL 的用法说明。 

continuous assessment n. Brit.  the evaluation of a pupil's progress throughout a course of study, as well as or instead of by examination [英]连续性评定(对学生在整个学习过程中所取得进步的评价，与考试相结合或取代考试)

continuous creation n.  the creation of the universe or the matter in it regarded as a continuous process 连续创生论，物质不断创生论(一种认为宇宙及其万物的创造是一个持续渐进过程的观点)

continuous stationery n. Brit.  a continuous ream of paper, usu. perforated to form single sheets [英] (两侧有齿孔供打印用的)连续折叠纸

continuum /kənˈtinjʊəm/ n. (pl. continua /-jʊə/)  anything seen as having a continuous, not discrete, structure (结构不可分割的)连续体，统一体  space-time continuum  时空统一体 [Latin, neut. of continuus: see CONTINUOUS]

contort /kənˈtɔ:t/ v. tr.  twist or force out of normal shape 扭曲变形，歪曲 [Latin contorquēre contort- (as COM-, torquēre ‘twist’)]

contortion /kənˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of twisting 扭曲，歪曲 2  a twisted state, esp. of the face or body (尤指面部的)扭曲状态；(身体的)扭曲姿势 [Latin contortio (as CONTORT)]

contortionist /kənˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)nist/ n.  an entertainer who adopts contorted postures 柔体杂技演员

contour /ˈkɒntʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outline, esp. representing or bounding the shape or form of something (尤指表现事物结构特征的)外形，轮廓 2  the outline of a natural feature, e.g. a coast or mountain mass (海岸或山脉自然特征的)轮廓，轮廓线 3  a line separating differently coloured parts of a design (设计图样上不同色彩之间的)轮廓线 4  = CONTOUR LINE  ●v. tr.  1  mark with contour lines 勾画…的轮廓；标等高线 2  carry (a road or railway) round the side of a hill 盘绕山坡修筑(公路或铁路) [French from Italian contorno, from contornare ‘draw in outline’ (as COM-, tornare ‘turn’)]

contour feather n.  any of the feathers which form the outline of a bird's plumage 廓羽(即构成鸟的体形轮廓的羽毛)

contour line n.  a line on a map joining points of equal altitude (地图上的)等高线，轮廓线

contour map n.  a map marked with contour lines 等高线地图

contour ploughing n.  ploughing along lines of constant altitude to minimize soil erosion (减少土壤流失的)等高耕作

contra /ˈkɒntrə/ n. (pl. contras)  a member of a counter-revolutionary guerrilla force in Nicaragua (尼加拉瓜)反革命游击队队员 [abbreviation of Spanish contrarevolucionario ‘counter-revolutionary’]

contra- /ˈkɒntrə/ prefix  1  against, opposite (contradict 反驳；抵触) 相反，反对 2 Mus. (of instruments, organ stops, etc.) pitched an octave below (contrabassoon 倍低音管) 【音】(乐器、管风琴音栓等)低八度 [Latin contra ‘against’]

contraband /ˈkɒntrəbænd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  goods that have been smuggled, or imported or exported illegally 违禁品，走私货 2  prohibited trade; smuggling 非法交易；走私 3 (in full 全称 contraband of war)  goods forbidden to be supplied by neutrals to belligerents 战时禁运品(即禁止中立国运往交战国的物资) ●adj.  1  forbidden to be imported or exported (at all or without payment of duty) 禁运的；禁止进出口的 2  concerning traffic in contraband 违禁品运输的  contraband trade  违禁品贸易 □ contrabandist  n.   [Spanish contrabanda from Italian (as CONTRA-, bando ‘proclamation’)]

contrabass /ˈkɒntrəbeis/ n. Mus. 【音】  = DOUBLE BASS  [Italian (basso BASS1)]

contraception /kɒntrəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  the intentional prevention of pregnancy; the use of contraceptives 避孕；(使用避孕药、器具)节育 [CONTRA- + CONCEPTION]

contraceptive /kɒntrəˈseptiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preventing pregnancy 避孕的，节育的 ●n.  a contraceptive device or drug 避孕器；避孕药

contract n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntrækt/  1  a written or spoken agreement between two or more parties, intended to be enforceable by law (书面或口头的)合同，协议 2  a document recording this 合同(或契约)文书 3  marriage regarded as a binding commitment 订婚，婚约 4 Bridge  etc. an undertaking to win the number of tricks bid 【桥牌】定约桥牌，定约墩数(即桥牌游戏中须赢得若干墩才算完成定约的约定) 5 slang  an arrangement for someone to be killed, usu. by a hired assassin [俚语] (与雇佣刺客达成的)暗杀协议 ●v. /kənˈtrækt/  1 tr. & intr.  a  make or become smaller (使)缩小b  draw together (muscles, the brow, etc.), or be drawn together (使眉毛)皱缩，(使肌肉)收缩 2  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make a contract 订合同，订契约b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  enter formally into a business or legal arrangement 正式立约规定；正式开始经商c tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  arrange (work) to be done by contract (工作)承包，承办d tr.  place under a contract (用合同来)限制，限定 3 tr.  catch or develop (a disease) 感染(疾病) 4 tr.  form or develop (a friendship, habit, etc.) 结成(友好关系)；养成(习惯) 5 tr.  enter into (marriage) 订(婚) 6 tr.  incur (a debt etc.) 负(债等) 7 tr.  shorten (a word) by combination or elision 缩短，缩略(词语) □ contract  /ˈkɒn-/ in (or out) (also 亦作 refl.) Brit. choose to be involved in (or withdraw or remain out of) a scheme or commitment [英]订约加入(退出)…；订约(不)承担…义务□ contractive  adj.   [earlier as adj., = contracted: Old French, from Latin contractus (as COM-, trahere tract- ‘draw’)]

contractable /kənˈtræktəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a disease) that can be contracted (疾病)可感染的

contract bridge n.  the most common form of bridge, in which only tricks bid and won count towards the game 定约桥牌

contractible /kənˈtræktib(ə)l/ adj.  that can be shrunk or drawn together 可收缩的，会收缩的

contractile /kənˈtræktail/ adj.  capable of or producing contraction 有收缩力的，收缩性的；造成收缩的 □ contractility  /kɒntrækˈtiliti/ n.  

contraction /kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of contracting 皱缩，缩小 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) Med.  a shortening of the uterine muscles occurring at intervals during childbirth 【医】(分娩时间歇性的)子宫肌肉收缩，挛缩 3  shrinking, diminution 收缩，缩减，减少 4  a  a shortening of a word by combination or elision (词语的)缩略，缩略形式b  a contracted word or group of words 缩略词，缩略语 [French from Latin contractio -onis (as CONTRACT)]

contractor /kənˈtræktə/ n.  a person who undertakes a contract, esp. to provide materials, conduct building operations, etc. (尤指提供物资或营造建筑的)承包商，承包人 [Late Latin (as CONTRACT)]

contractual /kənˈtræktʃʊəl/ adj.  of or in the nature of a contract 合同(性)的，契约(性)的 □ contractually  adv.  

contradict /kɒntrəˈdikt/ v. tr.  1  deny or express the opposite of (a statement) 否认，提出相反意见 2  deny or express the opposite of a statement made by (a person) 反驳，驳斥(某人) 3  be in opposition to or in conflict with 与…发生矛盾；与…抵触  new evidence contradicted our theory  新的证据与我们的理论相悖 □ contradictor  n.   [Latin contradicere contradict- (as CONTRA-, dicere ‘say’)]

contradiction /kɒntrəˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  statement of the opposite; denial 反驳；否认b  an instance of this 否认(或反驳)的实例 2  inconsistency 矛盾(性)，对立(性)；不一致(性) □ contradiction in terms   a self-contradictory statement or group of words 措辞自相矛盾的说法 [Middle English via Old French from Latin contradictio-onis (as CONTRADICT)]

contradictory /kɒntrəˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  expressing a denial or opposite statement 反驳的，提出反对意见的 2 (of statements etc.) mutually opposed or inconsistent (说法等)相互矛盾的，相互对立的 3 (of a person) inclined to contradict (指人)好反驳的，爱争辩的 4 Logic (of two propositions) so related that one and only one must be true 【逻辑学】矛盾命题的(指两个命题相矛盾，其中只能有一个是正确的) □ contradictorily  adv.  □ contradictoriness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin contradictorius (as CONTRADICT)]

contradistinction /kɒntrədiˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a distinction made by contrasting 对比；对照之区别

contradistinguish /kɒntrədiˈstiŋɡwiʃ/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  distinguish two things by contrasting them 通过对比来区别(两事物)

contraflow /ˈkɒntrəfləʊ/ n. Brit.  a flow (esp. of road traffic) alongside, and in a direction opposite to, an established or usual flow, esp. as a temporary or emergency arrangement [英]逆道行驶(尤指公路上暂时的或因紧急情况而采取的措施)

contrail /ˈkɒntreil/ n.  a condensation trail, esp. from an aircraft (尤指飞机飞行时留下的云带状)凝结尾迹 [abbreviation]

contraindicate /kɒntrəˈindikeit/ v. tr. Med.  act as an indication against (the use of a particular substance or treatment) 【医】禁忌(某种药物或疗法) □ contraindication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

contralto /kənˈtræltəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  the lowest female singing voice 女低音b  a singer with this voice 女低音歌手 2  a part written for contralto (歌剧中的)女低音角色 [Italian (as CONTRA-, ALTO)]

contraposition /kɒntrəpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  opposition or contrast 针对，对立，对照 2 Logic  conversion of a proposition from all A is B to all not-B is not-A 【逻辑学】(将命题 All A is B 转换成 All not-B is not-A 的)换质位法 □ contrapositive  /-ˈpɒzitiv/ adj. & n.   [Late Latin contrapositio (as CONTRA-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]

contraption /kənˈtræpʃ(ə)n/ n. often derog. or joc.  a machine or device, esp. a strange or cumbersome one [常贬] [诙] (尤指新奇或复杂的)机械，装置 [19th c.: perhaps from CONTRIVE, INVENTION: associated with TRAP1]

contrapuntal /kɒntrəˈpʌnt(ə)l/ adj. Mus.  of or in counterpoint 【音】对位法的，对位声部的；复调音乐的 □ contrapuntally  adv.  □ contrapuntist  n.   [Italian contrappunto ‘counterpoint’]

contrariety /kɒntrəˈraiəti/ n.  1  opposition in nature, quality, or action 对立性，对立因素；对立行动 2  disagreement, inconsistency 矛盾的事物，相反的事物 [Middle English via Old French contrarieté from Late Latin contrarietas -tatis, from contrarius (as CONTRARY)]

contrariwise /kənˈtrɛəriwaiz, ˈkɒntrəriwaiz/ adv.  1  on the other hand 另一方面 2  in the opposite way 相反地 3  perversely 故意作对地 [Middle English from CONTRARY + -WISE]

contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  opposed in nature or tendency (性质或倾向)相反的，对抗的 2 /kənˈtrɛəri/ colloq.  perverse, self-willed [口]好与人作对的；任性的，执拗的 3 (of a wind) unfavourable, impeding (风)逆向的，阻碍的 4  mutually opposed 彼此对立的 5  opposite in position or direction (位置)相对的；(方向)相反的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (prec. by 前接 the)  the opposite 反面，对立面 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  in opposition or contrast 相反地；对抗地  contrary to expectations it rained  事与愿违，天下起雨来了 □ on the contrary   intensifying a denial of what has just been implied or stated 正相反□ to the contrary   to the opposite effect 相反的(地)  can find no indication to the contrary  找不到任何相反的迹象□ contrarily  /ˈkɒntrərili/ (/kənˈtrɛərili/ in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2) adv.  □ contrariness  /ˈkɒntrərinis/ (/kənˈtrɛərinis/ in sense 2 of adj. 用于形容词释义 2) n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French contrarie, Old French contraire, from Latin contrarius, from contra ‘against’]

contrast n. & v. ●n. /ˈkɒntrɑ:st/  1  a  a juxtaposition or comparison showing striking differences 对比，对照b  a difference so revealed (对比找出的)差别 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a thing or person having qualities noticeably different from another 形成对照的人(或物) 3  a  the degree of difference between tones in a television picture or a photograph (电视画面或照片的)色调对比，反差b  the change of apparent brightness or colour of an object caused by the juxtaposition of other objects 衬度 ●v. /kənˈtrɑ:st/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 tr.  distinguish or set together so as to reveal a contrast 使对比，使对照 2 intr.  have or show a contrast 形成对照 □ contrastingly  /kənˈtrɑ:stiŋli/ adv.  □ contrastive  /kənˈtrɑ:stiv/ adj.   [French contraste, contraster, via Italian contrasto from medieval Latin contrastare (as CONTRA-, stare ‘stand’)]

contrasty /ˈkɒntrɑ:sti/ adj. (of a photograph, television picture, etc.) showing a high degree of contrast (照片、电视画面等)高衬比的，强反差的

contra-suggestible /kɒntrəsəˈdʒestib(ə)l/ adj. Psychol.  tending to respond to a suggestion by believing or doing the contrary 【心】反暗示的，抗暗示的(即对暗示的反应是相信其反面或反其道而行之)

contrate wheel /ˈkɒntreit/ n.  = CROWN WHEEL  [medieval Latin & Romanic contrata ‘lying opposite’, from Latin contra ‘against’]

contravene /kɒntrəˈvi:n/ v. tr.  1  infringe (a law or code of conduct) 违犯(法律)，违背(行为准则) 2 (of things) conflict with (事物)相抵触 □ contravener  n.   [Late Latin contravenire (as CONTRA-, venire vent- ‘come’)]

contravention /kɒntrəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  infringement 违犯，违背；抵触 2  an instance of this 违法行为 □ in contravention of   infringing, violating (a law etc.) 与(法律等)相违背；在违犯(法律等)的情况下 [French from medieval Latin contraventio (as CONTRAVENE)]

contretemps /ˈkɒntrətɒ˜/ n. (pl. same /-tɑ˜z/ 单复同)  1  an awkward or unfortunate occurrence; an unexpected mishap 窘迫的事情；不幸事件； (始料不及的)灾祸 2 colloq.  a dispute or disagreement [口]争议，争执 [French, originally = ‘motion out of time’ (as CONTRA-, temps ‘time’)]

contribute /kənˈtribju:t, ˈkɒntribju:t/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1 tr.  give (money, an idea, help, etc.) towards a common purpose 捐献，捐助；出主意  contributed £ 5 to the fund  为基金捐款 5 英镑 2 intr.  help to bring about a result etc. 做出贡献，出一份力，起一份作用  contributed to their downfall  是他们垮台的部分原因 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  supply (an article etc.) for publication with others in a journal etc. 投(稿)；撰(稿) □ contributive  /kənˈtrib-/ adj.   [Latin contribuere contribut (as COM-, tribuere ‘bestow’)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation of contribute given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为 contribute 词条标注的第二种读音(即重音落在第一个音节上面)是不正确的。 

contribution /kɒntriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of contributing 贡献；捐献；捐助 2  something contributed, esp. money 捐献物(尤指捐款) 3  an article etc. contributed to a publication (投给报刊的)稿件，文稿 [Middle English from Old French contribution or Late Latin contributio (as CONTRIBUTE)]

contributor /kənˈtribjʊtə/ n.  a person who contributes (esp. an article or literary work) 捐献者，捐款者；(尤指)投稿者，撰稿者

contributory /kənˈtribjʊt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that contributes 贡献的，捐助的；促成的 2  operated by means of contributions 靠捐助支付的  contributory pension scheme  支付性养老金制度 ●n. Brit. Law  a person liable to contribute towards the payment of a wound-up company's debts [英]【法律】(企业倒闭时)负连带偿还责任的人 [medieval Latin contributorius (as CONTRIBUTE)]

contributory negligence n.  negligence on the part of the injured party through failure to take precautions against an accident (事故中受伤一方因自己疏忽而造成的)共同过失

con-trick n. slang [俚语]  = CONFIDENCE TRICK  [abbreviation]

contrite /ˈkɒntrait/ adj.  1  completely penitent 彻底悔过的，悔罪的 2  feeling remorse or penitence; affected by guilt 悔悟的；被罪过所震动的 3 (of an action) showing a contrite spirit (行动)表示悔罪的 □ contritely  adv.  □ contriteness  n.   [Middle English via Old French contrit from Latin contritus ‘bruised’ (as COM-, terere trit- ‘rub’)]

contrition /kənˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  the state of being contrite; thorough penitence 悔罪；抱愧；痛悔 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin contritio -onis (as CONTRITE)]

contrivance /kənˈtraiv(ə)ns/ n.  1  something contrived, esp. a mechanical device or a plan 发明物(尤指机械装置或设计方案) 2  an act of contriving, esp. deceitfully 欺诈行为 3  inventive capacity 发明才能，设计才能

contrive /kənˈtraiv/ v. tr.  1  devise; plan or make resourcefully or with skill 发明，设计；构想出，造出 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  manage 设法做到  contrived to make matters worse  设法使事情更糟糕 □ contrivable  adj.  □ contriver  n.   [Middle English via Old French controver ‘find, imagine’ from medieval Latin contropare ‘compare’]

contrived /kənˈtraivd/ adj.  planned so carefully as to seem unnatural; artificial, forced 不自然的；人为的，做作的  the plot seemed contrived  该情节似乎是杜撰的

control /kənˈtrəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the power of directing, command 指挥(权)；控制(权)；管理(权)  under the control of  在…控制之下 2  the power of restraining, esp. self-restraint 抑制力，克制力(尤指自我克制能力) 3  a means of restraint; a check 抑制手段，克制手段 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a means of regulating prices etc. (物价等的)调节手段 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  switches and other devices by which a machine, esp. an aircraft or vehicle, is controlled (尤指飞机或车辆的)控制装置，操纵装置；控制器，操纵器 also 亦作 attrib.: control panel  控制盘 control room  控制室 6  a  a place where something is controlled or verified 指挥部；检查站b  a person or group that controls something 指挥者；指挥小组 7  a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment (调查或实验的)对照物 also 亦作 attrib.: control sample  对照样品 8  a member of an intelligence organization who personally directs the activities of a spy (情报机构的)监督人员 ●v. tr. (controlled, controlling)  1  have control or command of; dominate 指挥；操纵；支配 2  exert control over; regulate 控制；管理；调节 3  hold in check; restrain 制约；抑制；克制  told him to control himself  告诉他要克制自己 4  serve as control to 用于控制… 5  check, verify 检查，检验；核实 □ in control  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  directing an activity 掌管，控制□ out of control   no longer subject to proper direction or restraint 不受约束，失去控制□ under control   being controlled; in order 被控制住；处于控制之下□ controllable  adj.  □ controllability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ controllably  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French contreroller ‘keep a copy of a roll of accounts’ from medieval Latin contrarotulare (as CONTRA-, rotulus ROLL n.): the noun perhaps from French contrôle]

control group n.  a group forming the standard of comparison in an experiment (用作对照实验比较标准的)对照组

controller /kənˈtrəʊlə/ n.  1  a person or thing that controls 控制者；管理者；控制器 2  a person in charge of expenditure, esp. a steward or comptroller 审计员；管理员 □ controllership  n.   [Middle English counterroller from Anglo-French contrerollour (as CONTROL)]

controlling interest n.  a means of determining the policy of a business etc., esp. by ownership of a majority of the stock (尤指通过占有多数股份而享有的)控股权益

control rod n.  a rod of neutron-absorbing material used to vary the output power of a nuclear reactor (调节核反应堆能量输出的)控制棒

control tower n.  a tall building at an airport etc. from which air traffic is controlled (机场等的)指挥塔台，指挥调度台

controversial /kɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or subject to controversy; disputed, esp. publicly 引起争论的；有争议的 2  of or relating to controversy 争论的，辩论的 3  given to controversy; prone to argue 爱争论的 □ controversialism  n.  □ controversialist  n.  □ controversially  adv.   [Late Latin controversialis (as CONTROVERSY)]

controversy /ˈkɒntrəvɜ:si, kənˈtrɒvəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  disagreement on a matter of opinion (思想、观点方面的)争论；辩论 2  a prolonged argument or dispute, esp. when conducted publicly (尤指公开进行的)长期争论，长期争议 [Middle English from Latin controversia (as CONTROVERT)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation, stressed on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为本词条的第二个注音(即重音在第二个音节上面)是不正确的。 

controvert /ˈkɒntrəvɜ:t, kɒntrəˈvɜ:t/ v. tr.  1  dispute, deny 辩驳，反驳，驳斥 2  argue about; discuss 争论；讨论 □ controvertible  adj.   [French controvers(e) from Latin controversus (as CONTRA-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

contumacious /kɒntjʊˈmeiʃəs/ adj.  insubordinate; stubbornly or wilfully disobedient, esp. to a court order 拒不服从的；固执的；(尤指)藐视法庭的 □ contumaciously  adv.   [Latin contumax, perhaps related to tumēre ‘swell’]

contumacy /ˈkɒntjʊməsi/ n.  stubborn refusal to obey or comply 拒不服从；固执 [Latin contumacia from contumax: see CONTUMACIOUS]

contumelious /kɒntjʊˈmi:liəs/ adj.  reproachful, insulting, or insolent 指责的；侮辱的；傲慢无礼的 □ contumeliously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French contumelieus from Latin contumeliosus (as CONTUMELY)]

contumely /ˈkɒntju:mili, -tju:mli/ n.  1  insolent or reproachful language or treatment 侮辱性言辞；傲慢无礼的对待 2  disgrace 耻辱，丢脸 [Middle English via Old French contumelie from Latin contumelia (as COM-, tumēre ‘swell’)]

contuse /kənˈtju:z/ v. tr.  injure without breaking the skin; bruise 打伤(指皮肉没有破裂的内伤)；打青肿，使受淤伤 □ contusion  n.   [Latin contundere contus- (as COM-, tundere ‘thump’)]

Conté /ˈkɒntei/ attrib. adj.  designating a kind of pencil, crayon, or chalk 龚戴碳精笔的，龚戴色粉笔的 [N.J. Conté, French inventor d. 1805]

conundrum /kəˈnʌndrəm/ n.  1  a riddle, esp. one with a pun in its answer (尤指以双关妙语为答案的)谜语 2  a hard or puzzling question 疑难问题，复杂问题 [16th c.: origin unknown]

conurbation /kɒnɜ:ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  an extended urban area, esp. one consisting of several towns and merging suburbs (连带卫星城镇和郊区扩展成的)大都会，集合城市 [CON- + Latin urbs urbis ‘city’ + -ATION]

conure /ˈkɒnjʊə/ n.  any medium-sized parrot of the genus Pyrrhura, with mainly green plumage and a long gradated tail 锥尾鹦哥(羽毛呈绿色，尾巴的颜色分几种层次) [modern Latin conurus, from Greek kōnos ‘cone’ + oura ‘tail’]

convalesce /kɒnvəˈles/ v. intr.  recover one's health after illness or medical treatment (疾病或手术后)恢复，康复 [Middle English from Latin convalescere (as COM-, valēre ‘be well’)]

convalescent /kɒnvəˈles(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  recovering from an illness 恢复的，疗养的 ●n.  a convalescent person 恢复期的病人，疗养员 □ convalescence  n.  

convection /kənˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  transference of heat in a gas or liquid by upward movement of the heated and less dense medium (气体或液体中热量的)传送，传导 2 Meteorol.  the transfer of heat by the upward flow of hot air or downward flow of cold air 【气】对流 □ convectional  adj.  对流的；对流引起的□ convective  adj.  对流的；有传导力的 [Late Latin convectio from Latin convehere convect- (as COM-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

convection current n.  circulation that results from convection 对流循环

convector /kənˈvektə/ n.  a heating appliance that circulates warm air by convection 对流加热器，换流器

convenance /ˈkɒnvənɑ:ns, 法 kɔ˜vnɑ˜s/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  conventional propriety 礼节，礼仪 [French from convenir ‘be fitting’ (as CONVENE)]

convene /kənˈvi:n/ v.  1 tr.  summon or arrange (a meeting etc.) 召集，组织(会议等) 2 intr.  assemble 聚集，集合；集会，开会 3 tr.  summon (a person) before a tribunal 传唤(某人)出庭受审 □ convenable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin convenire convent- ‘assemble, agree, fit’ (as COM-, venire ‘come’)]

convener /kənˈvi:nə/ n. (also 亦作 convenor)  1  a person who convenes a meeting (会议)召集人 2 Brit.  a senior trade union official at a workplace [英] (工作场所老资格的)工会官员

convenience /kənˈvi:niəns/ n.  1  the quality of being convenient; suitability 方便；合宜 2  freedom from difficulty or trouble; material advantage 舒适；便利；物质利益  for convenience  为了便利 3  an advantage 利益，好处  a great convenience  很大的好处 4  a useful thing, esp. an installation or piece of equipment 有用的东西；(尤指)便利设施，方便用具 5 Brit.  a lavatory, esp. a public one [英]厕所，(尤指)公共厕所 □ at one's convenience   at a time or place that suits one 在(某人)方便的时候(或场所)□ at one's earliest convenience   as soon as one can 在(某人)方便时尽早□ make a convenience of   take advantage of (a person) insensitively (不顾及对方感情地)利用某人 [Middle English from Latin convenientia (as CONVENE)]

convenience food n.  food, esp. complete meals, sold in convenient form and requiring very little preparation 方便食品

convenience store n.  a shop with extended opening hours, stocking a wide range of goods (经营品种繁多、延长营业时间的)方便小商店，便利店

convenient /kənˈvi:niənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to)  a  serving one's comfort or interests 舒适的，自在的b  suitable 适合的c  free of trouble or difficulty 便利的，方便的；简便的 2  available or occurring at a suitable time or place 在合适时间(或场所)出现的  will try to find a convenient moment  尽量找一个合适的时机 3  a  easily accessible 附近的，近便的b  well situated for some purpose 位置合适的  convenient for the shops  离商店很近便 □ conveniently  adv.   [Middle English (as CONVENE)]

convenor var.  of CONVENER  CONVENER 的变体

convent /ˈkɒnv(ə)nt/ n.  1  a religious (usu. Christian) community, esp. of nuns, under vows (通常基督教的)修道会(尤指女修道会，女隐修会) 2  the premises occupied by this 女隐修院，女修道院 3 (in full 全称 convent school)  a school attached to and run by a convent 女隐修会学校 [Middle English via Anglo-French covent, Old French convent from Latin conventus ‘assembly’ (as CONVENE)]

conventicle /kənˈventik(ə)l/ n. esp. hist. [尤史义]  1  a secret or unlawful religious meeting, esp. of dissenters 秘密宗教集会；(尤指不信奉国教者)非法宗教集会 2  a building used for this 秘密宗教集会场所 [Middle English from Latin conventiculum ‘(place of) assembly’, diminutive of conventus (as CONVENE)]

convention /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  general agreement, esp. agreement on social behaviour etc. by implicit consent of the majority (尤指约定俗成的)社会行为准则b  a custom or customary practice, esp. an artificial or formal one (尤指拘泥刻板或正式的)社会习俗；惯例 2  a  a formal assembly or conference for a common purpose (为了某一共同目的的)正式会议b US  an assembly of the delegates of a political party to select candidates for office [美] (决定公职候选人提名的)政党代表大会c hist.  a meeting of Parliament without a summons from the sovereign [史义] (非君主召集的)议会会议 3  a  a formal agreement (正式的)契约，公约b  an agreement between states, esp. one less formal than a treaty (尤指不如条约正式的)国际协议 4 Cards  an accepted method of play (in leading, bidding, etc.) used to convey information to a partner 【牌戏】叫牌 5  the act of convening (会议的)召集 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conventio -onis (as CONVENE)]

conventional /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  depending on or according with convention 习惯的，常规的 2 (of a person) attentive to social conventions (指人)按社会习俗行事的 3  usual; of agreed significance 通常的；约定的 4  not spontaneous or sincere or original 勉强的；不真诚的；非独创的 5 (of weapons or power) non-nuclear (武器或动力)常规的，非核子的 6 Art  following tradition rather than nature 【艺术】因袭的，传统的 □ conventionalism  n.  □ conventionalist  n.  □ conventionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ conventionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ conventionally  adv.   [French conventionnel or Late Latin conventionalis (as CONVENTION)]

conventioneer /kənvenʃəˈniə/ n. US  a person attending a convention [美]与会者，大会代表

conventual /kənˈventʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or belonging to a convent 女修道院的；属于女修道院的 2  of the less strict branch of the Franciscans, living in large convents (天主教)方济各会的 ●n.  1  a member or inmate of a convent 修女，修士 2  a conventual Franciscan 方济各会会员 [Middle English from medieval Latin conventualis (as CONVENT)]

converge /kənˈvɜ:dʒ/ v. intr.  1  come together as if to meet or join 会合，集中 2 (of lines) tend to meet at a point (线条)趋于相交 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  approach from different directions 聚集，靠拢 4 Math. (of a series) approximate in the sum of its terms towards a definite limit 【数】(级数)收敛 [Late Latin convergere (as COM-, vergere ‘incline’)]

convergent /kənˈvɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  converging 会合的，会聚的 2 Biol. (of unrelated organisms) showing a tendency to become similar while evolving to fill a similar ecological niche 【生】(不相关的生物为适应相似的生态龛而进化)趋同的 3 Psychol. (of thought) tending to reach only the most rational result 【心】(思维)幅合的，聚合的，求同的 □ convergence  n.  □ convergency  n.  

conversant /kənˈvɜ:s(ə)nt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 with)  well experienced or acquainted with a subject, person, etc. (对某个科目)熟悉的，精通的；(对某人)熟识的，关系密切的 □ conversance  n.  □ conversancy  n.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of converser CONVERSE1]

conversation /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the informal exchange of ideas, information, etc. by spoken words (非正式的)谈话，会谈，交谈 2  an instance of this (一次)谈话 [Middle English via Old French from Latin conversatio -onis (as CONVERSE1)]

conversational /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or in conversation 谈话的，会话的 2  fond of or good at conversation 健谈的，善于辞令的 3  colloquial 口语的，适合于会话的 □ conversationally  adv.  

conversationalist /kɒnvəˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)list/ n.  a person who is good at or fond of conversing 健谈者，善于辞令者

conversation piece n.  1  a small genre painting of a group of figures 人物风俗画 2  a thing that serves as a topic of conversation because of its unusualness etc. 话题；(因不寻常等而)可作话题的事物

conversation stopper n. colloq.  an unexpected remark, esp. one that cannot readily be answered [口] (尤指无法迅速答复的)意外的评论

conversazione /ˌkɒnvəsatsiˈəʊni, 意 konversatˈtsjo:ne/ n. (pl. conversaziones or conversazioni pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a social gathering held by a learned or art society (科学或艺术团体举行的)学术座谈会 [Italian from Latin (as CONVERSATION)]

converse1 v. & n. ●v. intr. /kənˈvɜ:s/ (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  engage in conversation 交谈，谈心  conversed with him about various subjects  就许多话题与他进行了交谈 ●n. /ˈkɒnvɜ:s/ archaic  conversation [古义]谈话，交谈 □ converser  /kənˈvɜ:sə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French converser from Latin conversari ‘keep company (with)’, frequentative of convertere (CONVERT)]

converse2 /ˈkɒnvɜ:s/ adj. & n. ●adj.  opposite, contrary, reversed 相反的，逆的；对抗的；颠倒的 ●n.  1  something that is opposite or contrary 相反的事物，对抗的事物 2  a statement formed from another statement by the transposition of certain words, e.g. some philosophers are men from some men are philosophers 反面说法(如 some philosophers are men 是 some men are philosophers 的反面说法) 3 Math.  a theorem whose hypothesis and conclusion are the conclusion and hypothesis of another 【数】逆命题定理 □ conversely  /ˈkɒnvɜ:sli, kənˈvɜ:sli/ adv.   [Latin conversus, past part. of convertere (see CONVERT)]

conversion /kənˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted, esp. in belief or religion 改变，转化；(尤指)改变信仰，归附，皈依 2  a  an adaptation of a building for new purposes (房屋的)改建b Brit.  a converted building [英]改建的房屋 3  transposition, inversion 换置；颠倒 4 Theol.  the turning of sinners to God 【神】(罪人悔改后)转意归主 5  the transformation of fertile into fissile material in a nuclear reactor 转换(指核反应堆中增殖性物质转换为可裂变物质) 6 Rugby & Amer. Football  the scoring of points by a successful kick at goal after scoring a try 【英式橄榄球】定位球得分后的附加得分；【美式橄榄球】(触地得分后的)附加得分 7 Psychol.  the change of an unconscious conflict into a physical disorder or disease 【心】转换(指内心冲突转换成身体机能紊乱或疾病) [Middle English via Old French from Latin conversio -onis (as CONVERT)]

convert v. & n. ●v. /kənˈvɜ:t/  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  change in form, character, or function 转变，改变(形状、特点或功能) 2 tr.  cause (a person) to change beliefs, opinion, party, etc. 使(某人)改变(信仰、观点、党派等) 3 tr.  change (moneys, stocks, units in which a quantity is expressed, etc.) into others of a different kind 兑换(货币、证券等)；折合，折算(单位等) 4 tr.  make structural alterations in (a building) to serve a new purpose 改建(建筑物等) 5  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Rugby  score extra points from (a try) by a successful kick at goal 【英式橄榄球】定位球得分后附加得分b intr. Amer. Football  make a conversion after a touchdown by kicking a goal or crossing the goal line 【美式橄榄球】触地得分后附加得分 6 intr.  be converted or convertible 被转变，被转化；可被改变  the sofa converts into a bed  这个沙发可改作床铺 7 tr. Logic  interchange the terms of (a proposition) 【逻辑学】使(命题中的项)换位 ●n. /ˈkɒnvɜ:t/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person who has been converted to a different belief, opinion, etc. 改变信仰者，归附者，皈依者 □ convert to one's own use   wrongfully make use of (another's property) 非法挪用(他人财产) [Middle English from Old French convertir, ultimately from Latin convertere convers- ‘turn about’ (as COM-, vertere ‘turn’)]

converter /kənˈvɜ:tə/ n. (also 亦作 convertor)  1  a person or thing that converts 转变的人(或物) 2 Electr. 【电】  a  an electrical apparatus for the interconversion of alternating current and direct current 变流器，整流器b Electronics  an apparatus for converting a signal from one frequency to another 【电子学】变频器 3  a reaction vessel used in making steel 转炉，吹风氧化炉

converter reactor n.  a nuclear reactor that converts fertile material into fissile material (将增殖性物质转换成裂变性物质的)转换反应堆

convertible /kənˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that may be converted 可转换的，可转化的，可改变的 2 (of currency etc.) that may be converted into other forms, esp. into gold or US dollars (货币等)可兑换的(尤指兑换成黄金或美元) 3 (of a car) having a folding or detachable roof (汽车)有折叠(或可拆卸)车篷的 4 (of terms) synonymous (词语)同义的，可互换的 ●n.  a car with a folding or detachable roof 折篷汽车 □ convertibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ convertibly  adv.   [Old French from Latin convertibilis (as CONVERT)]

convex /ˈkɒnveks/ adj.  having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a circle or sphere (cf. 参见 CONCAVE) 凸的，凸面的，凸圆的 □ convexity  /-ˈveksiti/ n.  □ convexly  adv.   [Latin convexus ‘vaulted, arched’]

convey /kənˈvei/ v. tr.  1  transport or carry (goods, passengers, etc.) 运送，载送，输送(货物、乘客等) 2  communicate (an idea, meaning, etc.) 表达，传达，转达(观点、含义等) 3 Law  transfer the title to (property) 【法律】转让(财产) 4  transmit (sound, smell, etc.) 传送，传导，传播(声音、气味等) □ conveyable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French conveier from medieval Latin conviare (as COM-, Latin via ‘way’)]

conveyance /kənˈveiəns/ n.  1  a  the act or process of carrying 运送，载送，输送b  the communication (of ideas etc.) (思想观点等的)表达，传递，转达c  transmission 传导，传播 2  a means of transport; a vehicle 运输工具，交通工具；车辆 3 Law 【法律】  a  the transfer of property from one owner to another 财产转让b  a document effecting this 财产转让证书 □ conveyancer  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  □ conveyancing  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  

conveyor /kənˈveiə/ n. (also 亦作 conveyer)  a person or thing that conveys 传达者，传播者；运输设备，传送装置

conveyor belt n.  an endless moving belt for conveying articles or materials, esp. in a factory 传送带

convict v. & n. ●v. tr. /kənˈvikt/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  prove to be guilty (of a crime etc.) 证明…有罪(犯罪等) 2  declare guilty by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge (陪审团或法官)宣判…有罪 ●n. /ˈkɒnvikt/  1  a person found guilty of a criminal offence 罪犯，已决犯 2  a person serving a prison sentence, esp. hist. in a penal colony 囚犯；[尤史义] (流放地)囚犯 [Middle English from Latin convincere convict- (as COM-, vincere ‘conquer’): noun from obsolete convict ‘convicted’]

conviction /kənˈvikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of proving or finding guilty 定罪；判罪b  an instance of this 定罪(或判罪)的实例  has two previous convictions  曾两次被判罪 2  a  the action or resulting state of being convinced 信服，确信b  a firm belief or opinion 深信，坚定的信仰c  an act of convincing 说服 [Latin convictio (as CONVICT)]

convince /kənˈvins/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  persuade (a person) to believe or realize 说服；使确信；使认识到 2 (as 作 convinced adj.)  firmly persuaded 确信的，信服的  a convinced pacifist  坚信和平主义的人 □ convincer  n.  □ convincible  adj.   [Latin (as CONVICT)]

convincing /kənˈvinsiŋ/ adj.  1  able to or such as to convince 有说服力的，令人信服的 2  leaving no margin of doubt; substantial ，不容怀疑的；实质性的  a convincing victory  实质性的胜利 □ convincingly  adv.  

convivial /kənˈviviəl/ adj.  1  fond of good company; sociable and lively 好交际的；快活的 2  festive 节日似的，欢宴的，欢乐的  a convivial atmosphere  欢乐的气氛 □ conviviality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ convivially  adv.   [Latin convivialis from convivium ‘feast’ (as COM-, vivere ‘live’)]

convocation /kɒnvəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of calling together 召集 2  a large formal gathering of people , esp. (尤指): (大型正式的)集会a Brit.  a provincial synod of the Anglican clergy of Canterbury or York [英] (英国国教会坎特伯雷或约克教区的)教会会议b Brit.  a legislative or deliberative assembly of a university [英] (大学的)校务评议会议 3 N. Amer.  a formal ceremony for the conferment of university awards [北美] (大学的)颁奖典礼 □ convocational  adj.   [Middle English from Latin convocatio (as CONVOKE)]

convoke /kənˈvəʊk/ v. tr. formal  call (people) together to a meeting etc.; summon to assemble [正式]召集(开会)；招呼(集合) [Latin convocare convocat- (as COM-, vocare ‘call’)]

convoluted /ˈkɒnvəl(j)u:tid/ adj.  1  coiled, twisted 盘绕的，卷曲的 2  complex, intricate 复杂的，错综复杂的 □ convolutedly  adv.   [past part. of convolute, from Latin convolutus, (as COM-, volvere volut- ‘roll’)]

convolution /kɒnvəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  coiling, twisting 盘绕，卷曲 2  a coil or twist 盘绕物，卷曲物 3  complexity 复杂性，错综性 4  a sinuous fold in the surface of the brain (大脑表层的)回，脑回 □ convolutional  adj.   [medieval Latin convolutio (as CONVOLUTED)]

convolve /kənˈvɒlv/ v. tr. & intr. (esp. as 尤作 convolved adj.)  roll together; coil up 使盘绕；使卷曲 [Latin convolvere (as CONVOLUTED)]

convolvulus /kənˈvɒlvjʊləs/ n. (pl. convolvuluses)  any twining plant of the genus Convolvulus, with trumpet-shaped flowers, e.g. bindweed 旋花(旋花属攀缘植物，开喇叭形花) [Latin, = bindweed (as CON-, volvulus from volvere ‘to roll’)]

convoy /ˈkɒnvɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a group of ships travelling together or under escort 护航舰队；同行船队；受护送的船队 2  a supply of provisions etc. under escort 受护运的供应品 3  a group of vehicles travelling on land together or under escort 同行车队，受护运的车队 4  the act of travelling or moving in a group or under escort 同行；护航，护运 ●v. tr.  1 (of a warship) escort (a merchant or passenger vessel) (军舰)为(商船或客轮)护航 2  escort, esp. with armed force (尤指用军队)护送，护航 □ in convoy   under escort with others; as a group (车辆等)由…护送；结队而行 [Old French convoyer, variant of conveier CONVEY]

convulsant /kənˈvʌls(ə)nt/ adj. & n. Pharm. 【药】  ●adj.  producing convulsions 引起惊厥的，引起痉挛的 ●n.  a drug that may produce convulsions 引厥药 [French from convulser (as CONVULSE)]

convulse /kənˈvʌls/ v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  affect with convulsions 使惊厥；使痉挛；使抽搐 2 colloq.  cause to laugh uncontrollably [口]使捧腹大笑 3  shake violently; agitate, disturb 使剧烈震动；使摇动；使骚动 [Latin convellere convuls- ‘pull violently, wrench’ (as COM-, vellere ‘pull’)]

convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  violent irregular motion of a limb or limbs or the body caused by involuntary contraction of muscles, esp. as a disorder of infants (尤指婴儿因肌肉无意识收缩造成的肢体)惊厥，抽搐 2  a violent natural disturbance, esp. an earthquake (自然的)剧烈震动(尤指地震) 3  violent social or political agitation (社会或政治)大骚乱，动乱 4 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  uncontrollable laughter [口]捧腹大笑 □ convulsionary  adj.   [French convulsion or Latin convulsio (as CONVULSE)]

convulsive /kənˈvʌlsiv/ adj.  1  characterized by or affected with convulsions 震动的；骚动的 2  producing convulsions 产生惊厥的；以惊厥为标志的 □ convulsively  adv.  

cony /ˈkəʊni/ n. (also 亦作 coney) (pl. -ies or -eys)  1  a Heraldry or dial.  a rabbit 【纹章学】[方]兔子b  its fur 兔毛皮 2 Bibl.  a hyrax 【圣经】沙番，蹄兔 [Middle English cunin(g) via Anglo-French coning, Old French conin, from Latin cuniculus]

coo /ku:/ n., v. & int. ●n.  a soft murmuring sound like that of a dove or pigeon (像鸽子咕咕声的)轻柔低语声 ●v. (coos, cooed)  1 intr.  make the sound of a coo 发咕咕声 2 intr. & tr.  talk or say in a soft or amorous voice 柔情地说，低声细语地说 ●int. Brit. slang  expressing surprise or incredulity [英] [俚语]唔，呣(表示惊讶、怀疑) [imitative]

co-occur /kəʊəˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  occur together or simultaneously 同时发生，一起出现 □ co-occurrence  /-ˈkʌr(ə)ns/ n.  

cooee /ˈku:i, -i:/ n., int. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. & int.  a sound used to attract attention, esp. at a distance 库伊，咕伊(一种在远处招呼以引起注意的声音) ●v. intr. (cooees, cooeed, cooeeing)  make this sound 发库伊(咕伊)声 □ within cooee (or a cooee) of  Austral. & NZ colloq.  very near to [澳新口]在近处(即在招呼可听见的地方) [imitative of a signal used by Australian Aboriginals and copied by settlers]

cook /kʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  prepare (food) by heating it 烹调，做(饭菜) 2 intr. (of food) undergo cooking (食物)在烹调中，煮，烧 3 tr. colloq.  falsify (accounts etc.); alter to produce a desired result (esp. in 尤用于 cook the books 篡改书籍) [口]伪造(账目等)；篡改 4 tr. slang  ruin, spoil [俚语]毁坏，糟蹋 5 tr. & intr. US colloq.  do or proceed successfully [美口]干得起劲，成功地进行 6 intr. (as 作 be cooking) colloq.  be happening or about to happen [口]正在发生；即将发生  went to find out what was cooking  去看看正在发生什么事情 ●n.  a person who cooks, esp. professionally or in a specified way (尤指专业或专门)厨师，炊事员  a good cook  好厨师 □ cook a person's goose   ruin a person's chances 彻底摧毁某人的希望□ cook up  colloq.  invent or concoct (a story, excuse, etc.) [口]捏造，编造(谎话、借口等)□ cookable  adj. & n.   [Old English cōc, from popular Latin cocus for Latin coquus]

cookbook /ˈkʊkbʊk/ n.  a cookery book 烹饪书；食谱

cook-chill attrib. adj. Brit.  designating food which has been cooked and refrigerated by the manufacturer ready for reheating by the consumer [英] (熟食) (由生产厂家)冷冻的

cooker /ˈkʊkə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a stove used for cooking food [英]厨灶b (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a container in which food is cooked 炊具，蒸煮用具  pressure cooker  压力锅 2 Brit. colloq.  a fruit etc. (esp. an apple) that is more suitable for cooking than for eating raw [英口]宜煮食的水果(尤指苹果)

cookery /ˈkʊk(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art or practice of cooking 烹饪术，烹饪业 2 US  a place or establishment for cooking [美]烹调的地方，厨房

cookery book n. Brit.  a book containing recipes and other information about cooking [英]烹饪书，食谱

cookhouse /ˈkʊkhaʊs/ n.  1  a camp kitchen 野营厨房 2  an outdoor kitchen in warm countries (气候温暖国家的)户外厨房 3  a ship's galley 船上厨房

cookie /ˈkʊki/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a small sweet biscuit [北美]小甜饼干，曲奇饼 2 slang  a person of a specified kind [俚语]家伙，人  tough cookie  硬汉子 3 Sc.  a plain bun [苏格兰]普通小圆面包 □ the way the cookie crumbles  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  how things turn out; the unalterable state of affairs [尤北美口]事已定局；无可变更的状况 [Dutch koekje, diminutive of koek ‘cake’]

cooking /ˈkʊkiŋ/ n.  1  the art or process by which food is cooked 烹调术，烹调 2 (作 attrib.)  suitable for or used in cooking 适于煮食的，用于烹调的  cooking apple  宜煮食的苹果 cooking utensils  炊具

Cook Islands   库克群岛

cookout /ˈkʊkaʊt/ n. N. Amer.  a gathering with an open-air cooked meal; a barbecue [北美]野餐郊游；露天烧烤

cookware /ˈkʊkwɛə/ n.  utensils for cooking, esp. dishes, pans, etc. 烹饪用具，炊具(尤指碗碟和平底锅等)

cool /ku:l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of or at a fairly low temperature; fairly cold 凉的，凉快的，凉爽的  a cool day  凉爽天气 a cool bath  冷水澡 2  suggesting or achieving coolness 给人以凉爽感觉的  cool colours  冷色 cool clothes  冷色衣服 3  calm, unexcited 冷静的，沉着的，镇定的 4  lacking zeal or enthusiasm 漠不关心的，缺乏热情的 5  unfriendly; lacking cordiality 不友好的；冷淡的  got a cool reception  受到冷遇 6 (of jazz playing) restrained, relaxed (爵士乐演奏)节制感情的，放松的 7  calmly audacious 沉着而大胆的；无礼的  a cool customer  无礼的顾客 8 (prec. by 前接 a) colloq. (usu. as an intensive 通常作强调成分 ; esp. of large sums of money 尤指大笔的钱)  not less than; a full [口]不少于…的，整整的  cost me a cool thousand  花了我整整 1,000 块钱 9 slang [俚语]  a  excellent, marvellous 极好的，绝妙的b  fashionable; having street credibility 时髦的；有街头信誉的 ●n.  1  coolness 凉爽，凉快 2  cool air; a cool place 凉爽空气；凉快地方 3 slang  calmness, composure [俚语]冷静，镇定  keep one's cool  保持冷静 lose one's cool  失去自制而激动起来 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, off)  make or become cool 使冷却，使变凉 □ cool one's heels   see 见 HEEL1 □ cool it  slang  relax, calm down [俚语]放松一下；冷静下来，沉住气□ coolish  adj.  微冷的，有点凉意的□ coolly  /ˈku:lli/ adv.  □ coolness  n.   [Old English cōl, cōlian, from the Germanic base of COLD]

coolabah /ˈku:ləbɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 coolibah /-libɑ:/) Austral.  any of various gum trees, esp. Eucalyptus microtheca [澳]澳洲胶树(尤指桉树属植物) [Kamilaroi (and related languages) gulabaa]

coolant /ˈku:l(ə)nt/ n.  1  a cooling agent, esp. fluid, to remove heat from an engine, nuclear reactor, etc. 冷却剂(尤指为发电机、核反应堆等散热的液体) 2  a fluid used to lessen the friction of a cutting tool (为刀具减少摩擦的)润滑剂 [COOL + -ANT, on the pattern of lubricant]

cool bag n. (also 亦作 cool box) Brit.  an insulated container for keeping food cool [英] (冷藏食品的)隔热袋(容器)

cooler /ˈku:lə/ n.  1  a vessel in which a thing is cooled 冷却器，制冷装置 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a refrigerator 冰箱b  = COOL BAG  3  a long drink, esp. a spritzer 大杯清凉饮料(尤指汽水、汽酒) 4 slang  prison or a prison cell [俚语]监狱，牢房

cool-headed adj.  not easily excited 头脑冷静的

coolibah var.  of COOLABAH  COOLABAH 的变体

coolie /ˈku:li/ n. (also 亦作 cooly) (pl. -ies)  1  an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other Eastern countries (旧时印度、中国和其他东方国家的)非技能劳动力，苦力 2 offens.  a person from the Indian subcontinent; a person of Indian descent [冒犯]印度次大陆人；印度血统的人 [Hindi and Telugu Kūlī ‘day-labourer’, probably from Tamil Telugu Kūli ‘hire’]

coolie hat n.  a broad conical hat as worn by coolies (圆锥形的)苦力草帽

cooling-off period n.  an interval to allow for a change of mind before commitment to action 冷却时间，冷却期(指劳资纠纷中采取行动之前先用一段时间冷静下来思考)

cooling tower n.  a tall structure for cooling hot water before reuse, esp. in industry (尤指工业)冷却塔

coolth /ku:lθ/ n.  coolness 凉，凉爽

coomb /ku:m/ n. (also 亦作 combe) Brit. [英]  1  a valley or hollow on the side of a hill 峡谷，山坡溪谷 2  a short valley running up from the coast 海边小溪崖 [Old English cumb, from Celtic: cf. CWM]

coon /ku:n/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a raccoon [北美]浣熊 2 slang offens.  a black person [俚语] [冒犯]黑鬼(对黑人的侮辱性称呼) [abbreviation]

coon-can /ˈku:nkæn/ n.  a simple card game like rummy (originally Mexican) “和谁对打？”牌戏(类似于拉米纸牌戏，起源于墨西哥) [probably from Spanish con quién ‘with whom?’]

coonskin /ˈku:nskin/ n.  1  the skin of a raccoon 浣熊毛皮 2  a cap etc. made of this 浣熊皮帽

co-op /ˈkəʊɒp/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a cooperative society or shop [英]合作社，合作商店 2  a cooperative business or enterprise 合作企业，合作商行 [abbreviation]

coop /ku:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cage or pen for confining poultry (关家禽的)笼子，栏舍 2  a small place of confinement, esp. a prison 关押人的地方，(尤指)监狱 3 Brit.  a basket used in catching fish [英]捕鱼篓 ●v. tr.  1  put or keep (a fowl) in a coop 把(家禽)关入笼子 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, in)  confine (a person) in a small space 把(人)关禁闭，监禁 [Middle English cupe ‘basket’, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kūpe, ultimately from Latin cupa ‘cask’]

cooper /ˈku:pə/ n. & v. ●n.  a maker or repairer of casks, barrels, etc. 制桶匠，修桶匠 ●v. tr.  make or repair (a cask) 制桶，修桶 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kūper, from kūpe COOP]

cooperage /ˈku:p(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the work or establishment of a cooper 制桶工作；制桶业 2  money payable for a cooper's work 修桶费

cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreit/ v. intr. (also 亦作 co-operate)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  work or act together; help, assist 合作，协作，协助 2 (of things) concur in producing an effect (事物)配合，共同起作用，共同产生某种结果 □ cooperant  adj.  □ cooperator  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin cooperari (as CO-, operari from opus operis ‘work’)]

cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 co-operation)  1  the process of working together to the same end; assistance 合作，协作，协助 2 Econ.  the formation and operation of cooperatives 【经】合作社的组成(和经营) [Middle English from Latin cooperatio (as COOPERATE): partly through French coopération]

cooperative /kəʊˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 co-operative) ●adj.  1  of or affording cooperation 合作的，提供协助的 2  willing to cooperate 愿意合作的 3 Econ. (of a farm, business, enterprise, etc.) owned and run jointly by its members, with profits or benefits shared among them 【经】(农场、商行、企业等)共同拥有的，合作经营的 ●n.  a cooperative farm or society or business 合作农场，合作社，合作企业 □ cooperatively  adv.  □ cooperativeness  n.   [Late Latin cooperativus (as COOPERATE)]

co-opt /kəʊˈɒpt/ v. tr.  1  appoint to membership of a body by invitation of the existing members 将…增选为新成员 2  absorb into a larger (esp. political) group; take over, adopt (an idea etc.) 吸收到更大的(尤指政治)组织中去；接管；接受(观点等) □ co-optation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ co-option  n.  □ co-optive  adj.   [Latin cooptare (as CO-, optare ‘choose’)]

coordinate v., adj. & n. (also 亦作 co-ordinate) ●v. /kəʊˈɔ:dineit/  1 tr.  bring (various parts, movements, etc.) into a proper or required relation to ensure harmony or effective operation etc. 使(各部件、各动作等)协调，调节 2 intr.  work or act together effectively 协调工作，协调动作 ●adj. /kəʊˈɔ:dinət/  1  equal in rank or importance 同一等级的；同样重要的 2  in which the parts are coordinated; involving coordination 由协调的各部分组成的；协调一致的 3 Gram. (of parts of a compound sentence) equal in status 【语法】(复合句的各部分)并列的 4 Chem.  denoting a type of covalent bond in which one atom provides both the shared electrons 【化】配位的(指由一个原子提供共用的两个电子的配价键) ●n. /kəʊˈɔ:dinət/  1 Math.  each of a system of magnitudes used to fix the position of a point, line, or plane 【数】坐标 2  a person or thing equal in rank or importance 同等的人；同样重要的事物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  matching items of clothing 配套服装 □ coordinative  /-neitiv/ adj.  □ coordinator  /-neitə/ n.   [CO- + Latin ordinare ordinat- from ordo -inis ‘order’]

Coordinated Universal Time n.  = GREENWICH MEAN TIME(abbr. 缩略 : UTC) 

coordination /kəʊˌɔ:diˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the harmonious or effective working together of different parts 协调，协作 2  the arrangement of parts etc. into an effective relation (部件等)调节，整理 3 Chem.  the formation of a coordinate bond 【化】配价键的形成，配位作用

coot /ku:t/ n.  1  any black aquatic bird of the genus Fulica, esp. F. atra with the upper mandible extended backwards to form a white plate on the forehead 蹼鸡属水鸟(黑色水鸟，尤指白骨顶，喙的上半部分向后延伸于额头上形成一块盘状的白斑) 2 colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 [Middle English, probably from Low German]

cootie /ku:ti/ n. slang  a body louse [俚语]虱子 [perhaps from Malay kutu, a biting parasite]

co-own /kəʊˈəʊn/ v. tr.  own jointly with another person or persons 共同拥有，共有 □ co-owner  n.  □ co-ownership  n.  

cop1 /kɒp/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a police officer 警察，警官 2 Brit.  a capture or arrest [英]抓，捕，逮捕  it's a fair cop  这是依法逮捕 ●v. tr. (copped, copping)  1  catch or arrest (an offender) 抓，捕，逮捕(罪犯) 2  receive, suffer 获得；遭受 3  take, seize 抓住，得到 □ cop a plea  US slang [美] [俚语]  = PLEA BARGAINv. (see 见 PLEA BARGAINING) □ cop it  Brit. [英]  1  get into trouble; be punished 惹麻烦；受惩罚 2  be killed 送命□ cop out   1  withdraw; give up an attempt 退出；放弃尝试 2  go back on a promise 变卦，反悔 3  escape 逃避，逃脱□ not much (or no) cop  Brit.  of little or no value or use [英]没什么价值，没多大用途 [perhaps from obsolete cap ‘arrest’ via Old French caper ‘seize’ from Latin capere: cf. COPPER2]

cop2 /kɒp/ n. (in spinning) a conical ball of thread wound on a spindle (纺织)管纱，纬管，纡子 [Old English cop ‘summit’]

copacetic /kəʊpəˈsetik, -ˈsi:t-/ adj. N. Amer. slang  excellent; in good order [北美] [俚语]极好的；秩序井然的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

copaiba /kəʊˈpaibə/ n.  an aromatic oil or resin from any plant of the genus Copaifera, used in medicine and perfumery 玷巴香，苦配巴香脂(玷巴香脂树的芳香油或树脂，用于药剂、香料等) [Spanish & Portuguese from Guarani cupauba]

copal /ˈkəʊp(ə)l/ n.  a resin from any of various tropical trees, used for varnish 柯巴脂，硬树脂(多种热带树木的树脂，用于制作清漆) [Spanish from Nahuatl copalli ‘incense’]

co-partner /kəʊˈpɑ:tnə/ n.  a partner or associate, esp. when sharing equally (尤指企业中地位相同的)合伙人，合作者 □ co-partnership  n.  合伙关系；合伙人权益

cope1 /kəʊp/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  deal effectively or contend successfully with a person or task (妥善地)处理，对付；(成功地)竞争，争斗 2  manage successfully; deal with a situation or problem (成功地)处理(问题)；应付(局面)  found they could no longer cope  发现他们已无法应付 [earlier in the sense ‘meet in battle’: Middle English via Old French coper, colper (from cop, colp ‘blow’) from medieval Latin colpus, via Latin colaphus from Greek kolaphos ‘blow with the fist’]

cope2 /kəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Eccl.  a long cloaklike vestment worn by a priest or bishop in ceremonies and processions 【教会】(牧师或主教的)斗篷式长袍，法衣 2 esp. poet.  anything likened to a cloak or canopy [尤诗]斗篷状遮盖物；天穹，天篷 ●v. tr.  cover with a cope or coping 给…穿斗篷式长袍；笼罩 [Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin cappa CAP, CAPE1]

copeck /ˈkəʊpek, ˈkɒpek/ n. (also 亦作 kopeck, kopek)  a monetary unit of Russia and some other countries of the former USSR, equal to one-hundredth of a rouble 戈比(俄罗斯及其他前苏联国家的辅币，等于 1/100 卢布) [Russian kopeĭka, diminutive of kop ′ ë ‘lance’ (from the figure on the coin in 1535 of Ivan IV bearing a lance instead of a sword)]

Copenhagen /ˌkəupənˈheigən/ n.  哥本哈根 [丹麦首都]

copepod /ˈkəʊpipɒd/ n.  any small aquatic crustacean of the class Copepoda, many of which occur in plankton 桡足动物(水生甲壳纲动物) [Greek kōpē ‘oar-handle’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

coper /ˈkəʊpə/ n.  a horse-dealer 马贩子 [obsolete cope ‘buy’, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kōpen, German kaufen: related to CHEAP]

Copernican system /kəˈpɜ:nik(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Copernican theory) Astron.  the theory that the planets (including the earth) move round the sun (cf. 参见 PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM) 【天】哥白尼体系(即太阳中心说) [Copernicus latinized from M. Kopernik, Polish astronomer d. 1543]

copestone /ˈkəʊpstəʊn/ n.  1  = COPING STONE  2  a finishing touch 最后润色的一笔；顶点；最高潮 [COPE2 + STONE]

copiable /ˈkɒpiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can or may be copied 可模仿的；可复印的

copier /ˈkɒpiə/ n.  a machine or person that copies (esp. documents) (尤指文件的)复印机；誊写员，抄写员

co-pilot /ˈkəʊpailət/ n.  a second pilot in an aircraft (飞机的)副驾驶员

coping /ˈkəʊpiŋ/ n.  the top (usu. sloping) course of masonry in a wall or parapet (通常指倾斜的)压顶，盖顶 [COPE2]

coping saw /ˈkəʊpiŋ/ n.  a D-shaped saw for cutting curves in wood (锯曲线用的)弓形手锯 [cope ‘cut wood’ from Old French coper: see COPE1]

coping stone n.  a stone used in a coping (墙上端的)压顶石

copious /ˈkəʊpiəs/ adj.  1  abundant, plentiful 丰富的，充裕的，大量的 2  producing much 多产的 3  providing much information 内容翔实丰富的 4  profuse in speech (演讲)冗长的 □ copiously  adv.  □ copiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French copieux or from Latin copiosus, from copia ‘plenty’]

copita /kəʊˈpi:tə/ n.  1  a tulip-shaped sherry glass (郁金香形状的)雪利酒杯 2  a glass of sherry 一杯雪利酒 [Spanish, diminutive of copa ‘cup’]

coplanar /kəʊˈpleinə/ adj. Geom.  in the same plane 【几】共面的 □ coplanarity  /-pləˈnæriti/ n.  

copolymer /kəʊˈpɒlimə/ n. Chem.  a polymer with units of more than one kind 【化】共聚物 □ copolymerize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ copolymerization  /-raiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  

cop-out n.  1  a cowardly or feeble evasion (胆怯的)退出，躲避 2  an escape; a way of escape 逃避；遁词，借口

copper1 /ˈkɒpə/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a malleable red-brown metallic element of the transition series occurring naturally esp. in cuprite and malachite, and used esp. for electrical wiring (symbol 符 Cu) 【化】(化学元素)铜，紫铜，红铜 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a bronze coin, esp. one of little value (尤指小面值的)铜币 3 Brit.  a large metal vessel for boiling esp. laundry [英] (尤指洗衣房用的)大铜锅 4  any of various butterflies with copper-coloured wings 铜色小灰蝶 ●adj.  made of or coloured like copper 铜的，铜制的，铜色的 ●v. tr.  cover (a ship's bottom, a pan, etc.) with copper 给(船底、平锅等)包铜；镀铜 [Old English copor, coper, ultimately from Latin cyprium aes ‘Cyprus metal’]

copper2 /ˈkɒpə/ n. slang  a police officer [俚语]警察，警官 [COP1 + -ER1]

copperas /ˈkɒp(ə)rəs/ n.  hydrated ferrous sulphate, forming green crystals 含水硫酸亚铁，绿矾 [Middle English coperose via Old French couperose from medieval Latin cup(e)rosa: perhaps originally aqua cuprosa ‘copper water’]

copper beech n.  a variety of beech with copper-coloured leaves 紫叶欧洲山毛榉

copper belt n.  a copper-mining area of central Africa 铜带(指中部非洲的铜矿区)

copper bit n.  a soldering tool pointed with copper 铜焊头，铜头烙铁

copper-bottomed adj.  1 (esp. of a ship or pan) having a bottom sheathed with copper (尤指船只或平锅)铜底的，有铜包底的 2 Brit.  genuine or reliable, esp. financially [英] (尤指财务上)完全可靠的，稳妥保险的

copperhead /ˈkɒpəhed/ n.  1  a venomous viper, Agkistrodon contortrix, native to N. America 铜头蛇(蝮蛇属毒蛇，原产于北美) 2  a venomous cobra, Denisonia superba, native to Australia 铜头眼镜蛇(旦尼森蛇属有毒眼镜蛇，原产于澳大利亚)

copperplate /ˈkɒpəpleit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a polished copper plate for engraving or etching 铜凹版(用于镌刻或蚀刻的一种抛光铜板)；铜板b  a print made from this 铜凹版印刷品 2  an ornate style of handwriting resembling that originally used in engravings 铜版体(一种类似原先雕版印刷所用字体的装饰性字体) ●adj.  of or in copperplate writing 铜版体的，用铜版体书写的

copper pyrites n.  = CHALCOPYRITE 

coppersmith /ˈkɒpəsmiθ/ n.  a person who works in copper 铜匠

copper sulphate n.  a blue crystalline solid used in electroplating, textile dyeing, etc. 硫酸铜(用于电镀、或纺织品染色等的一种蓝色晶状固体)

copper vitriol n.  copper sulphate 铜矾，胆矾(硫酸铜的俗名)

coppery /ˈkɒp(ə)ri/ adj.  of or like copper, esp. in colour 铜质的；(尤指颜色)似铜的

coppice /ˈkɒpis/ n. & v. ●n.  an area of undergrowth and small trees, grown for periodic cutting (定期修剪的)矮林，萌生林 ●v.  1 tr.  cut back (young trees) periodically to stimulate growth of shoots (为萌生新芽而)定期修剪 2 intr. (of a tree) produce new shoots from a stump (树木)萌生新芽 □ coppiced  adj.   [Old French copeïz, ultimately from medieval Latin colpus ‘blow’: see COPE1]

copra /ˈkɒprə/ n.  the dried kernels of the coconut 干椰子仁 [Portuguese, from Malayalam koppara ‘coconut’]

co-precipitation /ˌkəʊprisipiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  the simultaneous precipitation of more than one compound from a solution 【化】(溶液中两种以上的化合物)共同沉淀，共沉淀脱除

copro- /ˈkɒprəʊ/ comb. form  dung, faeces [构词成分]粪肥，粪便 [Greek kopros ‘dung’]

coprocessor /kəʊˈprəʊsesə/ n. Computing  a microprocessor providing additional functions to supplement a primary processor 【计算】辅助性微处理机

co-produce /kəʊprəˈdju:s/ v. tr.  produce a play, broadcast, etc., jointly 合演(戏剧)；合制(广播节目) □ coproducer  n.  □ co-production  /-ˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  

coprolite /ˈkɒprəlait/ n. Archaeol.  fossil dung or a piece of it 【考古】粪化石；一块粪化石

coprophagous /kɒˈprɒfəɡəs/ adj. Zool.  dung-eating 【动】(甲虫等)食粪的 [COPRO-]

coprophilia /kɒprə(ʊ)ˈfiliə/ n.  an abnormal interest in faeces and defecation 嗜粪癖，嗜粪症

coprosma /kəˈprɒzmə/ n.  any small evergreen plant of the genus Coprosma, native to Australasia 栲泼罗斯马属植物(小型常青植物，原产于澳大拉西亚) [modern Latin, from Greek kopros ‘dung’ + osmē ‘smell’]

copse /kɒps/ n.  1  = COPPICE  2 (in general use) a small wood 小树林 [shortened from COPPICE]

copsewood /ˈkɒpswʊd/ n.  undergrowth 矮树丛

cop shop n. Brit.  a police station [英]警察局

Copt /kɒpt/ n.  1  a native Egyptian in the Hellenistic and Roman periods 科普特人(古希腊和古罗马时期的埃及人) 2  a native Christian of the independent Egyptian Church 科普特基督教徒 [French Copte or modern Latin Coptus via Arabic al-kibt, al-kubt ‘Copts’ and Coptic Gyptios from Greek Aiguptios ‘Egyptian’]

Coptic /ˈkɒptik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the language of the Copts, now used only in the Coptic Church 科普特语(现仅在科普特基督教会礼拜仪式中使用) ●adj.  of or relating to the Copts or their language 科普特人的；科普特语的

copula /ˈkɒpjʊlə/ n. (pl. copulas) Logic & Gram.  a connecting word, esp. a part of the verb be connecting a subject and predicate 【逻辑学】联项；联结词，联系词 【语法】系词(尤指连接主语和谓语的连系动词) □ copular  adj.   [Latin (as CO-, apere ‘fasten’)]

copulate /ˈkɒpjʊleit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  have sexual intercourse 交媾；(动物)交配；(配子)配合 □ copulatory  adj.   [Latin copulare ‘fasten together’ (as COPULA)]

copulation /kɒpjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  sexual union 交媾；交配；(配子)配合 2  a grammatical or logical connection 逻辑连系；(语法上的)连系，连接 [Middle English via Old French from Latin copulatio (as COPULATE)]

copulative /ˈkɒpjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  serving to connect (用于)连接的，(用于)结合的 2 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a word) that connects words or clauses linked in sense (cf. 参见 DISJUNCTIVE 2) (指单词)连接相关词语(或从句)的b  connecting a subject and predicate 连接主语和谓语的 3  relating to sexual union (有关)交媾的；(有关)交配的 □ copulatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French copulatif -ive or Late Latin copulativus (as COPULATE)]

copy /ˈkɒpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing made to imitate or be identical to another 复制品，仿制物 2  a single specimen of a publication or issue (出版物的) (一)本，(一)份  ordered twenty copies  订购 20 份 3  a  matter to be printed 印刷稿b  material for a newspaper or magazine article (报刊杂志文章的)素材，题材  scandals make good copy  丑闻是有新闻价值的好题材c  the text of an advertisement 广告文字说明 4  a  a model to be copied 范本，字帖b  a page written after a model (of penmanship) (书法)摹本 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  make a copy of 复印；复制b (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  transcribe 抄写，誊写 2 intr.  make a copy rather than produce something original 拷贝；抄袭 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  send a copy of (a letter) to a third party 把(信函的复印件)寄给第三方 4 tr.  do the same as; imitate 模仿；仿效；仿制 [Middle English from Old French copie, copier, ultimately from Latin copia ‘abundance’, pl. ‘ability, opportunity’ (in medieval Latin = transcript, from such phrases as copiam describendi facere ‘give permission to transcribe’)]

copybook /ˈkɒpibʊk/ n.  1  a book containing models of handwriting for learners to imitate 习字簿，描红簿 2 (作 attrib.)  a  tritely conventional 老一套的；平庸的b  accurate, exemplary 精确的；模范的，典范的

copycat /ˈkɒpikæt/ n.  1 colloq. (esp. as a child's word) a person who copies another, esp. slavishly [口] (儿童用语，尤指无创造性的)模仿者，仿效者 2 (作 attrib.)  in imitation of a person, act, event, etc. 抄袭他人的，模仿的  copycat crimes  抄袭罪

copydesk /ˈkɒpidesk/ n.  the desk at which copy is edited for printing 文字编辑桌

copy-edit v. tr. (-edited, -editing)  edit (copy) for printing 对(稿件)做文字编辑 □ copy editor  n.  文字编辑

copyhold /ˈkɒpihəʊld/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  tenure of land based on manorial records (旧时有领地法院案卷副本为证的)副本土地保有权 2  land held in this way 副本保有土地

copyholder /ˈkɒpihəʊldə/ n.  1 Brit. hist.  a person who held land in copyhold [英史义]副本土地保有者 2  a clasp for holding copy while it is keyboarded, typed, etc. (排字、打字等用的)稿架

copyist /ˈkɒpiist/ n.  1  a person who makes (esp. written) copies 抄写者，缮写者 2  an imitator 模仿者；仿制者；抄袭者 [earlier copist, from French copiste or medieval Latin copista (as COPY)]

copyreader /ˈkɒpiri:də/ n.  a person who reads and edits copy for a newspaper or book (报纸或书籍的)文字编辑 □ copyread (past and past part. □ copyread  /-red/ v. tr.  )   

copyright /ˈkɒpirait/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  the exclusive legal right, given to the originator or his or her assignee for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same 版权 ●adj. (of such material) protected by copyright 受版权保护的 ●v. tr.  secure copyright for (material) 使(某题材)获得版权

copyright library n. Brit.  a library entitled to a free copy of each book published in the UK [英] (有权免费获得在英国内出版的每一本书的)版本图书馆

copy-typist n.  a person who makes typewritten transcripts of documents (文件的)副本打字员

copywriter /ˈkɒpiraitə/ n.  a person who writes or prepares copy (esp. of advertising material) for publication (尤指广告的)文字撰稿人 □ copywriting  n.  

coq au vin /kɒk əʊ ˈvã/ n.  a casserole of chicken pieces cooked in wine 酒焖子鸡 [French]

coquetry /ˈkɒkitri, ˈkəʊ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  coquettish behaviour 卖弄风情，卖俏，媚态，调情 2  a coquettish act 卖弄风情的行为 3  trifling with serious matters (对严肃事情)轻率对待，玩忽 [French coquetterie from coqueter (as COQUETTE)]

coquette /kɒˈket/ n.  1  a woman who flirts 卖弄风情的女子 2  any crested hummingbird of the genus Lophornis 有冠蜂鸟(冠蜂鸟属动物) □ coquettish  adj.  □ coquettishly  adv.  □ coquettishness  n.   [French, fem. of coquet ‘wanton’, diminutive of coq ‘cock’]

coquina /kəʊˈki:nə/ n.  a soft limestone of broken shells, used in road-making in the W. Indies and Florida (在西印度群岛和佛罗里达用来铺路的)介壳灰岩，贝壳灰岩 [Spanish, = cockle]

coquito /kəʊˈki:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a palm tree, Jubaea chilensis, native to Chile, yielding honey from its sap, and fibre 智利棕(原产于智利，产棕榈和含糖树汁) [Spanish, diminutive of coco ‘coconut’]

Cor. abbr. [缩略]  1  Corinthians (New Testament) (《圣经·新约》中的)《哥林多书》 2 US [美]  coroner 

cor /kɔ:/ int. Brit. slang  expressing surprise, excitement, alarm, etc. [英] [俚语] (表示惊讶、激动、恐慌等)老天爷 □ cor blimey   see 见 BLIMEY  [corruption of God]

cor- /kɒ, kə/ prefix  assim. form of COM- before r COM- 在字母 r 前的同化形式

coracle /ˈkɒrək(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a small boat of wickerwork covered with watertight material, used on Welsh and Irish lakes and rivers [英]兽皮小渔船，科拉科尔小艇(用枝条编成后涂上防水材料，在威尔士和爱尔兰的湖和河里使用) [Welsh corwgl (= Irish currach ‘small boat’: cf. CURRACH)]

coracoid /ˈkɒrəkɔid/ n. (in full 全称 coracoid process)  a short projection from the shoulder blade in vertebrates (脊椎动物肩胛骨上突出的)喙突 [modern Latin coracoides from Greek korakoeidēs ‘raven-like’, from korax -akos ‘raven’]

coral /ˈkɒr(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a hard calcareous substance secreted by certain marine coelenterates as an external skeleton and often forming large reefs 珊瑚(特定海生腔肠动物分泌出的石灰质体外骨壳，常常形成巨大的珊瑚礁)b  any similar substance secreted by other marine organisms, esp. (in full 全称 red coral) a tough red substance produced by gorgonians of the genus Corallium and used in jewellery (其他海洋生物分泌的)珊瑚(尤指红珊瑚属的柳珊瑚产生的可以用作珠宝的)红珊瑚 2  a marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa, with a calcareous, horny, or soft skeleton, and often colonial, esp. (stony or true coral 石珊瑚或真珊瑚) of the reef-forming order Madreporaria 珊瑚虫(珊瑚纲海生腔肠动物，尤指形成珊瑚礁的石珊瑚目腔肠动物) 3  a pinkish-red colour 珊瑚红色 4  the unfertilized roe of a lobster or scallop 龙虾(或扇贝)未受精卵 ●adj.  1  of a pinkish-red colour 珊瑚红色的 2  made of coral 珊瑚制成的 [Middle English via Old French and Latin corallum from Greek korallion, probably of Semitic origin]

coral island n.  an island formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚岛

coralline /ˈkɒrəlain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any seaweed of the genus Corallina having a calcareous jointed stem 珊瑚藻属海生植物，红藻 2 (in general use 一般用法)  the name of various plantlike compound organisms (植物状)珊瑚虫类动物 ●adj.  1  = CORALadj. 1  2  of or like coral 珊瑚的，珊瑚状的 [French corallin & Italian corallina from Late Latin corallinus (as CORAL)]

corallite /ˈkɒrəlait/ n.  1  the coral skeleton of a marine polyp 珊瑚单体 2  fossil coral 化石珊瑚 [Latin corallum CORAL]

coralloid /ˈkɒrəlɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  like or akin to coral 珊瑚状的，类似珊瑚的 ●n.  a coralloid organism 珊瑚状生物

coral rag n.  limestone containing beds of petrified corals 珊瑚石灰岩

coral reef n.  a reef formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚礁

coral-root n.  1  a woodland plant, Cardamine bulbifera (family Cruciferae), with purple flowers and scaly rhizomes 珊瑚兰(一种生长在林地的十字花科植物，紫色花，鳞状根茎) 2 (in full 全称 coral-root orchid)  a brown saprophytic orchid of the genus Corallorhiza 棕色腐生兰花(珊瑚兰属植物)

coral snake n.  any of various brightly coloured snakes of the cobra family, esp. a venomous one of the American genus Micrurus 珊瑚蛇(眼镜蛇科，颜色鲜亮多样，尤指美洲的一种珊瑚蛇属毒蛇)

coram populo /ˌkɔ:rəm ˈpɒpjʊləʊ/ adv.  in public 在公众面前，在公开场合 [Latin, = in the presence of the people]

cor anglais /kɔ:r ˈɑ:ŋɡlei, ˈɒŋɡlei/ n. (pl. cors anglais pronunc. same 单复发音同) Mus. 【音】  1  an alto woodwind instrument of the oboe family 英国管，英国号(一种双簧管类的中音木管乐器) 2  a player of this instrument 英国管演奏者 3  an organ stop with the quality of a cor anglais (具有英国管音色的)风琴音栓 [French, = English horn]

corbel /ˈkɔ:b(ə)l/ n. & v. Archit. 【建】  ●n.  1  a projection of stone, timber, etc., jutting out from a wall to support a weight (从墙上伸出用于支承重物的石头或木制)托臂 2  a short timber laid longitudinally under a beam to help support it 梁托 ●v. tr. & intr. (corbelled, corbelling; US [美] corbeled, corbeling) (foll. by 后跟 out, off)  support or project on corbels 用托臂(或梁托)支撑 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of corp ‘crow’ (see CORBIE): perhaps from the shape of a corbel, resembling a crow's beak]

corbel-table n.  a projecting course resting on corbels (用托臂支撑的)挑檐

corbie /ˈkɔ:bi/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a raven 渡鸦 2  a carrion crow 小嘴乌鸦，食腐鸦 [Middle English via Old French corb, corp from Latin corvus ‘crow’]

corbie-step n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  each of several steplike projections on the sloping sides of a gable (一级)山墙台阶

cord /kɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  long thin flexible string or rope made from several twisted strands 绳子b  a piece of this (一根)细绳 2 Anat.  a structure in the body resembling a cord 【解】(人体内的)索，带  spinal cord  脊髓 3  a  ribbed fabric, esp. corduroy 凸纹织物(尤指灯芯绒)b (in pl. 用复数)  corduroy trousers 灯芯绒裤子c  a cordlike rib on fabric (织物的)棱，凸纹 4  an electric flex (电用)花线，塞绳 5  a measure of cut wood (usu. 128 cu.ft, 3.62 cubic metres) 考得(木材的计量单位，通常为 128 立方英尺，约 3.62 立方米) 6  a moral or emotional tie (道德的)约束；(感情的)纽带  cords of affection  感情的纽带 ●v. tr.  1  fasten or bind with cord 用(细绳)捆扎 2 (as 作 corded adj.)  a (of cloth) ribbed (布料)有棱的，有凸纹的b  provided with cords (窗帘等)装有拉绳的c (of muscles) standing out like taut cords (肌肉)绷紧鼓起的 □ cordlike  adj.   [Middle English via Old French corde and Latin chorda from Greek khordē ‘gut, string of musical instrument’]

cordage /ˈkɔ:didʒ/ n.  cords or ropes, esp. in the rigging of a ship (尤指船用)绳索；船缆，张帆索 [Middle English from French (as CORD)]

cordate /ˈkɔ:deit/ adj.  heart-shaped 心形的 [modern Latin cordatus from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

Cordelier /kɔ:diˈliə/ n.  a Franciscan Observant (wearing a knotted cord round the waist) 天主教方济各会修士(因腰上系一条绳索腰带而得名) [Middle English from Old French from cordele, diminutive of corde CORD]

cordial /ˈkɔ:diəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  heartfelt, sincere 由衷的，诚挚的 2  warm, friendly 热情的，友好的 ●n.  1 Brit.  a fruit-flavoured drink [英]果味饮料，露酒 2  a comforting or pleasant-tasting medicine 安慰剂，甜味剂 3  = LIQUEUR  □ cordiality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ cordially  adv.   [Middle English via medieval Latin cordialis from Latin cor cordis ‘heart’]

cordillera /kɔ:diˈljɛərə/ n.  a system or group of usu. parallel mountain ranges together with intervening plateaux etc., esp. of the Andes and in Central America and Mexico (尤指安第斯及中美和墨西哥的)山系，雁列山脉 [Spanish from cordilla, diminutive of cuerda CORD]

cordite /ˈkɔ:dait/ n.  a smokeless explosive made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine 柯达无烟火药，无烟硝化甘油火药 [CORD (from its appearance) + -ITE1]

cordless /ˈkɔ:dlis/ adj. (of an electrical appliance, telephone, etc.) working without connection to a mains supply or central unit (电器、电话等)无绳的

cordon /ˈkɔ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or circle of police, soldiers, guards, etc., esp. preventing access to or from an area (尤指为防止接近而设置的)哨兵线，警戒线；包围圈 2  a  an ornamental cord or braid 饰带，穗带b  the ribbon of a knightly order (骑士的)绶带 3  a fruit tree trained to grow as a single stem (果树的)单干形 4 Archit.  a string-course 【建】束带层(指砖墙上的突出层) ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  enclose or separate with a cordon of police etc. 以警戒线等包围(或封锁) [Italian cordone, augmentative of corda CORD & French cordon (as CORD)]

cordon bleu /ˌkɔ:dɒ˜ ˈblɜ:/ adj. & n. Cookery 【烹饪】  ●adj.  of the highest class 第一流名厨的 ●n.  a cook of this class 第一流名厨 [French, = blue ribbon]

cordon sanitaire /ˌkɔ:dɒ˜ sæniˈtɛə/ n.  1  a guarded line between infected and uninfected districts (传染病流行地区的)防疫线，防疫封锁线 2  any measure designed to prevent communication or the spread of undesirable influences (阻碍交通的)屏障；(防止不良影响蔓延的)防线 [French]

cordovan /ˈkɔ:dəv(ə)n/ n.  a kind of soft leather 科尔多瓦(软)皮革 [Spanish cordovan ‘of Córdova’ (Córdoba, a city in southern Spain) where it was originally made]

corduroy /ˈkɔ:dərɔi/ n.  1  a thick cotton fabric with velvety ribs 灯心绒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  corduroy trousers 灯心绒裤子 [18th c.: probably from CORD ‘ribbed fabric’ + obsolete duroy ‘coarse woollen fabric’]

corduroy road n.  a road made of tree trunks laid across a swamp (沼泽上面用树干铺成的)木排路

cordwainer /ˈkɔ:dweinə/ n. Brit. archaic  a shoemaker (usu. in names of guilds etc.) [英古义]制鞋工人，鞋匠(通常用于行会的名称中) [obsolete cordwain CORDOVAN]

cordwood /ˈkɔ:dwʊd/ n.  wood that is or can easily be measured in cords (能以考得为单位计量体积的)堆积木材

CORE abbr. (in the US) Congress of Racial Equality [缩略] (美国)争取种族平等大会

core /kɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the horny central part of various fruits, containing the seeds (水果的)果心，核 2  a  the central or most important part of anything 核心，精髓，最重要部分 also 亦作 attrib.: core curriculum  核心课程b  the central part, of different character from the surroundings (与周围环境不同的)核心部分 3  the central region of the earth 地核 4  the central part of a nuclear reactor, containing the fissile material 活性区，反应堆心(即核反应堆中心含裂变材料的部分) 5  a magnetic structural unit in a computer, storing one bit of data (see 见 BIT4) (计算机的)磁心，磁心存储器 6  the inner strand of an electric cable, rope, etc. (电缆、绳索等的)芯线 7  a piece of soft iron forming the centre of an electromagnet or an induction coil (电磁或感应线圈的)铁芯 8  an internal mould filling a space to be left hollow in a casting (铸造用的)型芯，砂芯 9  an internal part cut out (esp. of rock etc. in boring) 岩芯(尤指钻探时提取的岩石样品) 10 Archaeol.  a piece of flint from which flakes or blades have been removed 【考古】石核 ●v. tr.  remove the core from 挖去…的果心；将…钻成空心 □ corer  n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English: origin unknown]

corelation var.  of CORRELATION  CORRELATION 的变体

co-religionist /kəʊriˈlidʒ(ə)nist/ n. (US [美] coreligionist)  an adherent of the same religion (同一教派的)教友，信奉同一宗教者

corella /kəˈrelə/ n.  any of several small Australian cockatoos of the genus Cacatua with pink-tinged white plumage and blue skin around the eye 葵花鹦鹉，凤头鹦鹉(产于澳洲，羽毛白里略显粉红色，眼睛周围有蓝色肉皮) [Wiradhuri]

core memory n.  the memory of a computer consisting of many cores (计算机)磁心存储器

coreopsis /kɒriˈɒpsis/ n.  any plant of the genus Coreopsis (daisy family), having rayed usu. yellow flowers 金鸡菊属植物(雏菊科，花呈伞形，通常为黄色) [modern Latin, from Greek koris ‘bug’ + opsis ‘appearance’, with reference to the shape of the seed]

co-respondent /kəʊriˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] corespondent)  a person cited in a divorce case as having committed adultery with the respondent 共同被告(指离婚诉讼中与配偶的夫或妻通奸者)

core time n. Brit. (in a flexitime system) the central part of the working day, when all employees must be present [英] (弹性工时制中员工必须上班的)基本上班时间

corf /kɔ:f/ n. (pl. corves /kɔ:vz/) Brit. [英]  1  a basket in which fish are kept alive in the water (置于水中养鱼的)鱼篓 2  a small wagon, formerly a large basket, used in mining 小型矿车；(旧时采矿用的)矿篮 [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German korf, Old High German chorp, korb, from Latin corbis ‘basket’]

corgi /ˈkɔ:ɡi/ n. (in full 全称 Welsh corgi) (pl. corgis)  1  a dog of a short-legged breed with foxlike head 威尔士矮脚狗(体长腿短，头部像狐狸) 2  this breed 威尔士矮脚狗品种 [Welsh from cor ‘dwarf’ + ci ‘dog’]

coriaceous /kɒriˈeiʃəs/ adj.  like leather; leathery 皮革似的；坚韧的 [Late Latin coriaceus from corium ‘leather’]

coriander /kɒriˈændə/ n.  1  an umbelliferous plant, Coriandrum sativum, with leaves used for flavouring and small round aromatic fruits 芫荽，香菜(芫荽属伞状花序植物，叶可作调味品，果实为小圆球形，有香味) 2 (also 亦作 coriander seed)  the dried fruit of this plant used for flavouring curries etc. (用作调味咖喱的)芫荽种子 [Middle English via Old French coriandre and Latin coriandrum from Greek koriannon]

Corinthian /kəˈrinθiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to ancient Corinth in southern Greece (希腊南部)古科林斯的，关于古科林斯的 2 Archit.  of an order characterized by ornate decoration and flared capitals with rows of acanthus leaves, used esp. by the Romans 【建】科林斯式柱型的(为古罗马人所使用，以华丽装饰和叶形雕刻簇拥火焰柱顶为特征) 3  amateur (in sport) (体育)业余爱好的 4 archaic  profligate [古义]放荡的，荒淫的 ●n.  1  a native of Corinth 科林斯人 2  a wealthy amateur of sport (富有的)体育业余爱好者 [Latin Corinthius from Greek Korinthios + -AN]

Coriolis effect /kɒriˈəʊlis/ n.  an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system is accelerated perpendicular to its motion and to the axis of rotation, which helps to explain why wind patterns are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern 科里奥利效应，科里奥利偏移(即在旋转系统中运动的质量会产生与其运动及旋转轴心垂直的加速度，该效应有助于解释为什么北半球的风呈顺时针流动，而南半球的风则以逆时针流动) [named after G. G. Coriolis, French engineer d. 1843]

corium /ˈkɔ:riəm/ n. Anat.  the dermis 【解】真皮 [Latin, = skin]

cork /kɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the buoyant light brown material obtained from beneath the bark of the cork oak 栓皮，软木b Bot.  a protective layer of dead cells immediately below the bark of woody plants 【植】木栓层(紧贴在树皮内的死细胞保护层) 2  a bottle stopper of cork or other material 瓶塞，软木塞 3  a float of cork used in fishing etc. (钓鱼等用的)软木浮子 4 (作 attrib.)  made of cork 软木制作的 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  stop or confine 塞住，封堵 2  restrain (feelings etc.) 克制，抑制(感情等) 3  blacken with burnt cork 用软木炭涂黑 □ corklike  adj.  似软木的；轻浮的，轻薄的；快活的 [Middle English via Dutch and Low German kork from Spanish alcorque ‘cork sole’, perhaps from Arabic]

corkage /ˈkɔ:kidʒ/ n.  a charge made by a restaurant or hotel for serving wine etc. when brought in by customers (饭店或旅馆对顾客自备酒水等收取的)开瓶费

corked /kɔ:kt/ adj.  1  stopped with a cork 用瓶塞塞住的 2 (of wine) spoilt by a decayed cork (酒)有腐烂瓶塞味的 3  blackened with burnt cork 用软木炭涂黑的

corker /ˈkɔ:kə/ n. slang  an excellent or astonishing person or thing [俚语]非凡的人；超群的东西

corking /ˈkɔ:kiŋ/ adj. esp. Brit. slang  strikingly large or splendid [尤英] [俚语]极大的，极好的

cork oak n.  an evergreen Mediterranean oak, Quercus suber, yielding cork 栓皮槠(一种常绿栎属乔木，产于地中海)

corkscrew /ˈkɔ:kskru:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spirally twisted steel device for extracting corks from bottles (拔软木塞的)螺丝起子，瓶塞钻 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a thing with a spiral shape (物品)螺旋形的 ●v. tr. & intr.  move spirally; twist (使)螺旋移动；(使)曲折行进

cork-tipped adj. Brit. (of a cigarette) having a filter of corklike material [英] (香烟)有软木过滤嘴的

corkwood /ˈkɔ:kwʊd/ n.  1  a shrub or tree yielding a light porous wood, esp. Leitneria floridana of the US and Eritelea arborescens of New Zealand 软木，轻木(灌木或乔木尤指美国塞子木和新西兰的轻木) 2  this wood 塞子木(木材)，轻木(木材)

corky /ˈkɔ:ki/ adj. (corkier, corkiest)  1  corklike 似软木的 2 (of wine) corked (酒等)有软木塞味的

corm /kɔ:m/ n. Bot.  an underground swollen stem base of some plants, e.g. the crocus 【植】球茎(植物的地下球状根茎，如番红花的球茎) [modern Latin cormus from Greek kormos ‘trunk with boughs lopped off’]

cormorant /ˈkɔ:m(ə)r(ə)nt/ n.  any diving seabird of the family Phalacrocoracidae, esp. Phalacrocorax carbo, which has lustrous black plumage 鸬鹚科海鸟(会潜水，尤指普通鸬鹚，羽毛色黑有光泽) [Middle English via Old French cormaran from medieval Latin corvus marinus ‘sea-raven’: for ending -ant cf. peasant, tyrant]

corn1 /kɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a esp. Brit.  any cereal before or after harvesting, esp. the chief crop of a region, e.g. wheat, oats, etc. [尤英]谷物(尤指某一地区的主要作物，如小麦、燕麦等)b US & Austral. [美澳]  = MAIZE c  a grain or seed of a cereal plant 谷粒，麦粒 2 colloq.  something corny or trite [口]陈腐的东西，老一套 ●v. tr. (as 作 corned adj.)  sprinkled or preserved with salt or brine 用盐卤或盐腌制的  corned beef  腌牛肉 [Old English from Germanic: related to Latin granum ‘grain’]

corn2 /kɔ:n/ n.  a small area of horny usu. tender skin esp. on the toes, extending into subcutaneous tissue (尤指脚趾上的)钉胼，鸡眼 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornbrash /ˈkɔ:nbræʃ/ n. Brit. Geol.  an earthy limestone layer of the Jurassic period [英]【地质】(侏罗纪形成的)粗石灰质沙土 [CORN1 + BRASH2]

cornbread /ˈkɔ:nbred/ n.  bread made of the meal of maize 玉米面包

corn chandler n.  a dealer in corn 谷物零售商

corn circle n.  = CROP CIRCLE 

corn cob n.  the cylindrical centre of the maize ear to which rows of grains are attached 玉米穗轴，玉米棒子芯

corn-cob pipe n.  a tobacco pipe made from a corn cob 玉米穗轴烟斗

corncockle  see 见 COCKLE2 1 

corncrake /ˈkɔ:nkreik/ n.  a rail, Crex crex, with a rasping call, inhabiting grassland and nesting on the ground 长脚秧鸡(栖居于草原地区，在地面上筑巢，啼叫声粗厉刺耳)

corn dolly n. Brit.  a symbolic or decorative figure made of plaited straw [英]稻草人

cornea /ˈkɔ:niə/ n.  the transparent layer covering the front of the eye 角膜 □ corneal  adj.   [medieval Latin cornea tela ‘horny tissue’, from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornel /ˈkɔ:n(ə)l/ n.  a shrub or tree of the genus Cornus, which includes dogwoods, esp. a dwarf kind, C. suecica 山茱萸(梾木属灌木或乔木，包括犬木，尤指) [Middle English from Latin cornus]

cornelian /kɔ:ˈni:liən/ n. (also 亦作 carnelian /kɑ:-/)  1  a dull red or reddish-white variety of chalcedony 光玉髓，肉红玉髓 2  this colour 肉红色 [Middle English from Old French corneline; car- suggested by Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

corneous /ˈkɔ:niəs/ adj.  hornlike, horny 角状的；角质的 [Latin corneus from cornu ‘horn’]

corner /ˈkɔ:nə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place where converging sides or edges meet 角儿，(外)墙角 2  a projecting angle, esp. where two streets meet 弯角，(尤指)街角 3  the internal space or recess formed by the meeting of two sides, esp. of a room (内)墙角，屋角，角落 4  a difficult position, esp. one from which there is no escape 困境，(尤指无处躲藏的)绝境  driven into a corner  陷入困境 5  a secluded or remote place 偏僻处，隐秘处 6  a region or quarter, esp. a remote one 地区，(尤指)边远地区  from the four corners of the earth  来自世界各地 7  the action or result of buying or controlling the whole available stock of a commodity, thereby dominating the market (为垄断市场而)大量买进商品，囤积居奇 8 Boxing & Wrestling 【拳击】【摔跤】  a  an angle of the ring, esp. one where a contestant rests between rounds 场角(尤指比赛者赛间休息的地方)b  a contestant's supporters offering assistance at the corner between rounds (赛间休息时为某赛手帮忙的)捧场观众 9 Football & Hockey  a free-kick or hit from a corner of the pitch after the ball has been sent over the goal line by a defending player 【足球】【曲棍球】角球 10 Brit.  a triangular cut of gammon or ham [英] (腌猪后腿、火腿等的)三角块 ●v.  1 tr.  force (a person or animal) into a difficult or inescapable position 将(人或动物)逼入困境，使走投无路 2 tr.  a  establish a corner in (a commodity) (对某商品)进行垄断，囤积b  dominate (dealers or the market) in this way (用囤积的方法)垄断市场 3 intr. (esp. of or in a vehicle) go round a corner (尤指车辆)转弯 □ just round (or around) the corner  colloq.  very near; imminent [口]在近处；临近的，即将发生的 [Middle English from Anglo-French, ultimately from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornerback /ˈkɔ:nəbæk/ n. (in American football etc.) a defensive player or position on the wing (美式橄榄球等的)角后卫

corner shop n.  a small local shop, esp. at a street corner (尤指街道拐角处的)街头小店

cornerstone /ˈkɔ:nəstəʊn/ n.  1  a  a stone in a projecting angle of a wall 墙角石，隅石b  a foundation stone 奠基石，基石 2  an indispensable part or basis of something 柱石，基础

cornerwise /ˈkɔ:nəwaiz/ adv.  diagonally 对角线地，斜地

cornet1 /ˈkɔ:nit/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but shorter and wider 短号(一种铜管乐器)b  a player of this instrument 短号手c  an organ stop with the quality of a cornet (有短号音色的)风琴音栓d  a cornetto 小喇叭 2 Brit.  a conical wafer for holding ice cream [英] (盛冰淇淋的)圆锥形蛋卷 □ cornetist  /kɔ:ˈnetist/ n. (also 亦作 cornettist)   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin cornu ‘horn’]

cornet2 /ˈkɔ:nit/ n. Brit. hist.  the fifth commissioned officer in a cavalry troop, who carried the colours [英史义] (骑兵队的)掌旗官 □ cornetcy  n. (pl. -ies)  (骑兵)掌旗官的军阶 [earlier in the sense ‘pennon, standard’: from French cornette, diminutive of corne, ultimately from Latin cornua ‘horns’]

cornett /ˈkɔ:nit/ n. Mus. 【音】  = CORNETTO  [variant of CORNET1]

cornetto /kɔ:ˈnetəʊ/ n. (pl. cornetti /-ti/) Mus.  an old woodwind instrument with finger-holes and a cup-shaped mouthpiece 【音】(旧时的木制)小喇叭 [Italian, diminutive of corno ‘horn’ (as CORNET1)]

corn exchange n. Brit.  a place for trade in corn [英]谷物交易市场

corn-factor n. Brit.  a dealer in corn [英]谷物商

cornfield /ˈkɔ:nfi:ld/ n.  a field in which corn is being grown 小麦田；玉米田；种植谷物的田地

cornflake /ˈkɔ:nfleik/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a breakfast cereal of toasted flakes made from maize flour 玉米片(常浸泡于牛奶中用作早餐) 2  a flake of this cereal (一片)玉米片

cornflour /ˈkɔ:nflaʊə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a fine-ground maize flour also called 亦称作 cornstarch 精磨玉米粉 2  a flour of rice or other grain 大米粉，谷粉

cornflower /ˈkɔ:nflaʊə/ n.  any plant of the genus Centaurea (composite family), often growing among corn, esp. C. cyanus, with deep blue flowers 矢车菊属植物(菊科，常生长于玉米田中，尤指矢车菊，开深蓝色花)

cornice /ˈkɔ:nis/ n.  1 Archit. 【建】  a  an ornamental moulding round the wall of a room just below the ceiling 檐口(室内墙壁顶部突出的装饰物)b  a horizontal moulded projection crowning a building or structure, esp. the uppermost member of the entablature of an order, surmounting the frieze (沿外墙修建的覆盖壁缘的)飞檐，檐板 2 Mountaineering  an overhanging mass of hardened snow at the edge of a precipice 【登山】雪檐(即冻结在悬崖边缘的冰雪块) □ corniced  adj.  □ cornicing  n.   [French corniche etc. from Italian cornice, perhaps from Latin cornix -icis ‘crow’: cf. CORBEL]

corniche /ˈkɔ:niʃ, kɔ:ˈni:ʃ/ n. (in full 全称 corniche road)  1  a road cut into the edge of a cliff etc. 沿峭壁(修筑)的路 2  a coastal road with wide views (视野开阔的)滨海路 [French: see CORNICE]

Cornish /ˈkɔ:niʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Cornwall in SW England, or its Brythonic language (英格兰西南部)康沃尔郡的；(康沃尔郡)布立吞语的 ●n.  the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall (康沃尔郡)古凯尔特语 □ Cornishman  n. (pl. -men)  

Cornish cream n.  clotted cream 康沃尔浓缩奶油

Cornish pasty n.  a pasty containing seasoned meat and vegetables 康沃尔菜肉馅饼

corn marigold n.  a daisy-like yellow-flowered plant, Chrysanthemum segetum, growing amongst corn 珍珠菊(生长在玉米田中的一种似雏菊的黄花菊属植物)

corn on the cob n.  maize cooked and eaten from the corn cob 煮嫩玉米

cornrows /ˈkɔ:nrəʊz/ n. pl.  a style of braiding the hair, esp. among blacks, in which the hair is parted into rows and plaited tightly in geometric ribbing (尤指黑人的)“玉米垄”发式，梳成一排排辫子的发式

corn salad n.  = LAMB'S LETTUCE 

corn spurrey  see 见 SPURREY 

cornstarch /ˈkɔ:nstɑ:tʃ/ n.  = CORNFLOUR 1 

cornstone /ˈkɔ:nstəʊn/ n. Brit. Geol.  a mottled red and green limestone usu. formed under arid conditions, esp. in the Devonian period [英]【地质】(尤指在泥盆纪干旱气候条件下形成的)玉米灰岩

cornucopia /kɔ:njʊˈkəʊpiə/ n.  1  a  a symbol of plenty consisting of a goat's horn overflowing with flowers, fruit, and corn 丰饶角饰(象征丰饶，常为满载花果和谷物的羊角)b  an ornamental vessel shaped like this 羊角形器皿 2  an abundant supply 丰盛，大量 □ cornucopian  adj.   [Late Latin from Latin cornu copiae ‘horn of plenty’]

corn whiskey n. US  whisky distilled from maize [美]玉米威士忌酒

corny /ˈkɔ:ni/ adj. (cornier, corniest)  1 colloq. [口]  a  trite 乏味的，陈腐的，老一套的b  feebly humorous 缺乏幽默的c  sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的d  old-fashioned; out of date 过时的；老式的 2  of or abounding in corn 谷物的；盛产谷物的 □ cornily  adv.  □ corniness  n.   [CORN1 + -Y1: sense 1 from the sense ‘rustic’]

corolla /kəˈrɒlə/ n. Bot.  a whorl or whorls of petals forming the inner envelope of a flower 【植】花冠 [Latin, diminutive of corona ‘crown’]

corollary /kəˈrɒləri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved 系，系定理b  an immediate deduction 直接推论，直接推断 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a natural consequence or result 必然结果，后果 ●adj.  1  supplementary, associated 补充的，伴随的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  forming a corollary 构成推论的 [Middle English from Latin corollarium ‘money paid for a garland, gratuity’, neut. adj. from COROLLA used as a noun]

corona1 /kəˈrəʊnə/ n. (pl. coronae /-ni:/)  1  a  a small circle of light round the sun or moon 华(指日华、月华)b  the rarefied gaseous envelope of the sun, seen as an irregularly shaped area of light around the moon's disc during a total solar eclipse 日冕(太阳的稀薄气体包层，日全食时看到的月球周围的一块不规则区域) 2  a circular chandelier hung from a roof (屋顶上的)环形吊灯 3 Anat.  a crown or crownlike structure 【解】(人体的)冠状部位 4 Bot.  a crownlike outgrowth from the inner side of a corolla 【植】副花冠 5 Archit.  a broad vertical face of a cornice, usu. of considerable projection 【建】檐板，挑檐滴水板 6 Electr.  the glow around a conductor at high potential 【电】电晕，电晕放电 [Latin, = crown]

corona2 /kəˈrəʊnə/ n.  a long cigar with straight sides 花冠雪茄烟 [Spanish La Corona ‘the crown’, originally a proprietary name]

coronach /ˈkɒrənək, -x/ n. Sc. & Ir.  a funeral song or dirge [苏格兰和爱尔兰]挽歌，哀乐 [Irish coranach, Gaelic corranach, from comh- ‘together’ + rɑˋnach ‘outcry’]

coronagraph /kəˈrəʊnəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for observing the sun's corona, esp. other than during a solar eclipse (尤指非日全食时观察日冕用的)日冕仪

coronal1 /kəˈrəʊn(ə)l, ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1 Astron. & Bot.  of a corona 【天】日冕的；【植】花冠的 2 Anat.  of the crown of the head 【解】额骨的；冠状缝的 [French coronal or Latin coronalis (as CORONA1)]

coronal2 /ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)l/ n.  1  a circlet (esp. of gold or gems) for the head (尤指用黄金或宝石制作的)冠 2  a wreath or garland 花环，花冠 [Middle English, apparently from Anglo-French from corone CROWN]

coronal bone n.  the frontal bone of the skull 额骨

coronal plane n.  an imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts (设想把人体分为背部和腹部的)冠状平面

coronal suture n.  a transverse suture of the skull separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones (把额骨和顶骨分开的)冠状缝

coronary /ˈkɒr(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. Anat.  resembling or encircling like a crown, esp. denoting or involving the arteries which supply blood to the heart 【解】冠状的(尤指心脏冠状动脉的) ●n. (pl. -ies)  = CORONARY THROMBOSIS  [Latin coronarius from corona ‘crown’]

coronary thrombosis n.  a blockage of the blood flow caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery 冠状动脉血栓

coronation /kɒrəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign's consort (君主或其配偶的)加冕典礼 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin coronatio -onis, from coronare ‘to crown’ from CORONA1]

coroner /ˈkɒr(ə)nə/ n.  1  an officer of a county, district, or municipality, holding inquests on deaths thought to be violent or accidental, and Brit. inquiries in cases of treasure trove 验尸官；[英] (物主不明财宝的)查验官 2 hist.  an officer charged with maintaining the rights of the private property of the Crown [史义]王室私产管理官 □ coronership  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French cor(o)uner, from coro(u)ne CROWN]

coronet /ˈkɒr(ə)nit/ n.  1  a small crown (esp. as worn, or used as a heraldic device, by a peer or peeress) (尤指王子和贵族用作纹章饰物的)小冠冕 2  a circlet of precious materials, esp. as a woman's headdress or part of one (用贵重物品制作的)环状饰物；(尤指妇女的)冠状头饰 3  a garland for the head (戴在头上的)花环 4  the lowest part of a horse's pastern (马的)蹄冠 5  a ring of bone at the base of a deer's antler (鹿角根部的)骨质角瘤 □ coroneted  adj.   [Old French coronet(t)e, diminutive of corone CROWN]

corozo /kəˈrəʊzəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of various palm trees native to S. America 象牙棕榈树(原产于南美洲) [Spanish, variant of dialect carozo ‘fruit-stone, core’]

corozo-nut n.  = IVORY-NUT 

Corp. abbr. [缩略]  1  Corporal  2 US [美]  Corporation 

corpora pl.  of CORPUS  

corporal1 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  1  a non-commissioned army or air force officer ranking next below sergeant (陆军或空军无军衔的)下士 2 (in full 全称 ship's corporal) Brit.  an officer under the master-at-arms, attending to police matters [英] (英国海军舰船的)纠察长助理 3 US [美]  = FALLFISH  [obsolete French, variant of caporal, from Italian caporale, probably from Latin corporalis (as CORPORAL2), confused with Italian capo ‘head’]

corporal2 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the human body (cf. 参见 CORPOREAL 1) 人体的，身体的 □ corporally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin corporalis, from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporal3 /ˈkɔ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a cloth on which the vessels containing the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the Eucharist (圣餐仪式时在上面摆放圣餐杯的)圣餐布 [Old English from Old French corporal or medieval Latin corporale pallium ‘body cloth’ (as CORPORAL2)]

corporality /kɔ:pəˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  material existence 物质存在，物质性 2  a body 人体，肉体 [Middle English from Late Latin corporalitas (as CORPORAL2)]

corporal punishment n.  punishment inflicted on the body, esp. by beating 体罚，肉刑(尤指)

corporate /ˈkɔ:p(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  forming a corporation 结成社团的，合伙的  corporate body  法人团体 body corporate  法人团体 2  forming one body of many individuals 团体的 3  of or belonging to a corporation or group 集体的，共同的  corporate responsibility  共同责任 4  corporative 组合主义的，社团主义的 ●n.  a large industrial corporation 大型产业公司 □ corporately  adv.  □ corporatism  n.  □ corporatist  adj.   [Latin corporare corporat- ‘form into a body’ from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporate raider n. esp. US  a person who mounts an unwelcome takeover bid by buying up a company's shares on the stock market, esp. one who makes a practice of doing so [尤美]劫掠公司者(尤指经常通过在股市上大量买进某公司的股票而企图将其接管的人)

corporation /kɔ:pəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a group of people authorized to act as an individual and recognized in law as a single entity, esp. in business (尤指企业的)法人团体；总公司 2 Brit.  the municipal authorities of a borough, town, or city [英] (区、镇、市的)市政当局 3 joc.  a protruding stomach [诙]大肚子，大肚皮 [Late Latin corporatio (as CORPORATE)]

corporative /ˈkɔ:p(ə)rətiv/ adj.  1  of a corporation 社团的，法人的 2  governed by or organized in corporations, esp. of employers and employed 组合主义的，社团主义的 □ corporativism  n.  

corporeal /kɔ:ˈpɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  bodily, physical, material, esp. as distinct from spiritual (cf. 参见 CORPORAL2) 肉体的，身体的；(尤指区别于精神的)物质的 2 Law  consisting of material objects 【法律】物质的，有形的 □ corporeality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  肉体存在，形体存在；物质性□ corporeally  adv.   [Late Latin corporealis from Latin corporeus, from corpus -oris ‘body’]

corporeity /kɔ:pəˈri:iti, -ˈreiiti/ n.  1  the quality of being or having a material body 有形体性，形体存在，物质性 2  bodily substance 身体 [French corporéité or medieval Latin corporeitas, from Latin corporeus (as CORPOREAL)]

corposant /ˈkɔ:pəzænt/ n.  a luminous electrical discharge sometimes seen on a ship or aircraft during a storm (see 见 ST ELMO'S FIRE) (暴风雨中轮船或飞机出现的)电击发光，天电光球 [Old Spanish, Portuguese, Italian corpo santo ‘holy body’]

corps /kɔ:/ n. (pl. corps /kɔ:z/)  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a body of troops with special duties 特种部队，特殊兵种  intelligence corps  情报部队 Royal Army Medical Corps  英国皇家陆军医疗队b  a main subdivision of an army in the field, consisting of two or more divisions 军(由两个或多个师组成) 2  a body of people engaged in a special activity (从事某种特殊活动的)集体，团，队  diplomatic corps  外交使团 press corps  记者团 [French (as CORPSE)]

corps de ballet /ˌkɔ: də ˈbælei/ n.  the company of ensemble dancers in a ballet (芭蕾舞团的)伴舞队 [French]

corps diplomatique /kɔ: dipləmæˈti:k, 法 kɔr diplɔmɑtik/ n.  a diplomatic corps 外交使团 [French]

corps d'élite /kɔ: deiˈli:t, 法 kɔr delit/ n.  a select group 精选的一队骨干；精锐部队 [French]

corpse /kɔ:ps/ n. & v. ●n.  a dead (usu. human) body (通常指人的)尸体，死尸 ●v. Theatr. slang 【戏】[俚语]  1 intr.  spoil a piece of acting by forgetting one's lines, laughing, etc. 演砸(指演出时忘词或笑出声来等) 2 tr.  a  confuse (an actor) in the performance of his or her part. 使演员(演出时)出丑，演砸b  spoil (a piece of acting) by some blunder (出大错)使演出砸锅，演砸 [Middle English corps, variant spelling of cors (CORSE), via Old French cors from Latin corpus ‘body’]

corpse-candle n.  1  a lambent flame seen in a churchyard or over a grave, regarded as an omen of death (迷信者认为预示死亡的)鬼火，磷火 2  a lighted candle placed beside a corpse before burial (安葬前)点燃在尸体旁的蜡烛

corpulent /ˈkɔ:pjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  bulky in body; fat (身体)粗壮的；肥胖的 □ corpulence  n.  □ corpulency  n.   [Middle English from Latin corpulentus, from corpus ‘body’]

corpus /ˈkɔ:pəs/ n. (pl. corpora /ˈkɔ:pərə/ or corpuses)  1  a body or collection of writings, texts, spoken material, etc. (作品、讲话材料等的)文集，全集，汇编 2 Anat.  a distinctive structure of some kind in a human or animal body 【解】(人或动物体内的)体，特殊结构 [Middle English from Latin, = body]

corpus callosum /ˌkɔ:pəs kəˈləʊsəm/ n. Anat.  a broad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain 【解】胼胝体(指联结大脑两半球的神经纤维组织) [modern Latin from CORPUS + callosus, -um ‘tough’]

Corpus Christi /ˌkɔ:pəs ˈkristi/ n.  a feast commemorating the Eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday 基督圣体节(三一节后的第 1 个星期四) [Middle English from Latin, = Body of Christ]

corpuscle /ˈkɔ:pʌs(ə)l/ n.  1  a minute body or cell in an organism, esp. (in pl.) the red or white cells in the blood of vertebrates (有机体内的)细胞，小体；(尤用复数，脊椎动物的)红(白)血球 2 hist.  a minute particle regarded as the basic constituent of matter, light, etc. [史义]微粒(被认为是构成物质、光等基本成分) □ corpuscular  /kɔ:ˈpʌskjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin corpusculum (as CORPUS)]

corpus delicti /ˌkɔ:pəs diˈliktai/ n. Law  the facts and circumstances constituting a breach of a law 【法律】犯罪事实 [Latin, = body of offence]

corpus luteum /ˌkɔ:pəs ˈlu:tiəm/ n. Anat.  a hormone-secreting structure developed in the ovary after discharge of the ovum, degenerating after a few days unless pregnancy has begun 【解】黄体(卵巢排卵后形成的一种激素分泌组织，若不受孕，数日后便会蜕化掉) [modern Latin, from CORPUS + luteus, -um ‘yellow’]

corral /kəˈrɑ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a pen for cattle, horses, etc. [北美] (牛、马等的)畜栏 2  an enclosure for capturing wild animals (捕捉野兽的)围栏 3 esp. US hist.  a defensive enclosure of wagons in an encampment [尤美史义] (用于营地防御目的)车阵 ●v. tr. (corralled, corralling)  1  put or keep in a corral 把…关进(或赶入)围栏 2  form (wagons) into a corral 用(车辆)围成车阵 3 N. Amer. colloq.  gather in; acquire [北美口]收割；获得 [Spanish & Old Portuguese (as KRAAL)]

corrasion /kəˈreiʒ(ə)n/ n. Geol.  erosion of the earth's surface by rock material being carried over it by water, ice, etc. 【地质】(由于水、冰等夹带砂石而造成地表土壤的)侵蚀，水蚀 [Latin corradere corras- ‘scrape together’ (as COM-, radere ‘scrape’)]

correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  true, right, accurate 正确的，对的，准确的 2 (of conduct, manners, etc.) proper, right (品行、举止等)恰当的，端正的 3  in accordance with good standards of taste etc. 得体的，符合一般准则的 ●v. tr.  1  set right; amend (an error, omission, etc., or the person responsible for it) 改正，纠正(错误、遗漏等) 2  mark the errors in (written or printed work etc.) 批改(作业)；修改(校样) 3  substitute the right thing for (the wrong one) 更正，矫正(错误的事物) 4  a  admonish or rebuke (a person) 警告，告诫，责备(某人)b  punish (a person or fault) 惩治，惩罚(人或过错) 5  counteract (a harmful quality) 抵消，中和(有害性) 6  adjust (an instrument etc.) to function accurately or accord with a standard 校正，校准(仪器等) □ correctable  adj.  □ correctly  adv.  □ correctness  n.   [Middle English (the adj. via French) from Latin corrigere correct- (as COM-, regere ‘guide’)]

correction /kəˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of correcting 改正，纠正；修改；校正b  an instance of this 改正(或纠正)的实例 2  a thing substituted for what is wrong 更正物，矫正物 3 archaic  punishment [古义]惩治，惩罚  house of correction  感化院 □ correctional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin correctio -onis (as CORRECT)]

correction fluid n.  a usu. white liquid that is painted over a typed or written error leaving a blank space for typing or writing afresh (打字或书写的)修正液，改正液

correctitude /kəˈrektitju:d/ n.  correctness, esp. conscious correctness of conduct (行为的)端正，得体，合适 [19th c., from CORRECT + RECTITUDE]

corrective /kəˈrektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving or tending to correct or counteract something undesired or harmful 改正的，纠正的，校正的，矫正的；抵消不良(或有害)影响的 ●n.  a corrective measure or thing 改正(纠正)措施；纠正物，矫正物 □ correctively  adv.   [French correctif -ive or Late Latin correctivus (as CORRECT)]

corrector /kəˈrektə/ n.  a person who corrects or points out faults 纠正(或指出)错误者 [Middle English from Anglo-French correctour from Latin corrector (as CORRECT)]

correlate /ˈkɒrəleit, -ril-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  have a mutual relation 相关，关联 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  bring into a mutual relation 使相互关联 ●n.  each of two related or complementary things (esp. so related that one implies the other) 相关的事物，互为补充的事物 [back-formation from CORRELATION, CORRELATIVE]

correlation /kɒrəˈleiʃ(ə)n, -ri-/ n. (also 亦作 corelation /kəʊri-/)  1  a mutual relation between two or more things 相互关系，联系 2  a  interdependence of variable quantities (变量间的)相互依存，关联作用b  a quantity measuring the extent of this 相关量 3  the act of correlating 关联，相关 □ correlational  adj.   [medieval Latin correlatio (as CORRELATIVE)]

correlative /kəˈrelətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  having a mutual relation 相关的，互相关联的 2 Gram. (of words) corresponding to each other and regularly used together (as neither and nor) 【语法】(词语)关联的，一起使用的(如 neither 和 nor) ●n.  a correlative word or thing 关联词，关联物 □ correlatively  adv.  □ correlativity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [medieval Latin correlativus (as COM-, RELATIVE)]

correspond /kɒriˈspɒnd/ v. intr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be analogous or similar 相似，类似b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  agree in amount, position, etc. (数量或地位等)相当，相配，相称c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to)  be in harmony or agreement 相符合，一致 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  communicate by interchange of letters 通信 □ correspondingly  adv.   [French correspondre from medieval Latin correspondere (as COM-, RESPOND)]

correspondence /kɒriˈspɒnd(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to, between)  agreement, similarity, or harmony 符合，一致；相当，类似 2  a  communication by letters 通信，通信联系b  letters sent or received 信件，函件 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin correspondentia (as CORRESPOND)]

correspondence college n. (also 亦作 correspondence school)  a college conducting correspondence courses 函授大学

correspondence column n. Brit.  the part of a newspaper etc. that contains letters from readers [英] (报纸等的)读者来信专栏

correspondence course n.  a course of study conducted by post 函授课程

correspondent /kɒriˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who writes letters to a person or a newspaper, esp. regularly (尤指定期的)通信者 2  a person employed to contribute material for publication in a periodical or for broadcasting (报纸或电台的)通讯员，记者  our chess correspondent  我们的棋赛通讯记者 the BBC's Moscow correspondent  BBC 驻莫斯科记者 3  a person or firm having regular business relations with another, esp. in another country (尤指与国外)有商业关系的人(或公司) ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with) archaic  corresponding [古义]符合的，一致的 [Middle English from Old French correspondant or medieval Latin (as CORRESPOND)]

corresponding member n.  an honorary member of a learned society etc. with no voice in the society's affairs 通讯会员(指学术社团的荣誉会员，对社团事务无发言权)

corrida /kɔ:ˈri:də/ n.  1  a bullfight (一次)斗牛比赛 2  bullfighting 斗牛比赛 [Spanish corrida de toros ‘running of bulls’]

corridor /ˈkɒridɔ:/ n.  1  a passage from which doors lead into rooms (originally an outside passage connecting parts of a building, now usu. a main passage in a large building) 走廊；(连接建筑物各部分的)室外过道 2 Brit.  a passage in a railway carriage from which doors lead into compartments [英] (列车包厢外的)车厢走廊 3  a strip of the territory of one state passing through that of another, esp. securing access to the sea 走廊地带(指一国领土穿越他国领土以取得出海通道的狭长地带) 4  a route to which aircraft are restricted, esp. over a foreign country (尤指飞机在国外的)指定航路，空中走廊 5  a major route on which traffic is concentrated 交通干道  the M4 corridor  4 号军用交通干道 [French from Italian corridore ‘corridor’ (for corridojo ‘running-place’) from correre ‘run’, by confusion with corridore ‘runner’]

corridors of power n. pl.  places where covert influence is said to be exerted in government 权力走廊(指政府里暗中左右决策的权力中心)

corrie /ˈkɒri/ n. esp. Sc.  a circular hollow on a mountainside; a cirque [尤苏格兰]山侧圆形凹地；冰坑，冰斗 [Gaelic coire ‘cauldron’]

corrigendum /kɒriˈdʒendəm/ n. (pl. corrigenda /-də/)  a thing to be corrected, esp. an error in a printed book 有待改正的东西；(尤指印刷书籍中)应改正的错误，勘误表 [Latin, neut. gerundive of corrigere: see CORRECT]

corrigible /ˈkɒridʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being corrected 可改正的，可纠正的 2 (of a person) submissive; open to correction (指人)俯首帖耳的；愿意改造的，可改造的 □ corrigibly  adv.   [Middle English via French from medieval Latin corrigibilis (as CORRECT)]

corroborate /kəˈrɒbəreit/ v. tr.  confirm or give support to (a statement or belief, or the person holding it), esp. in relation to witnesses in a law court 证实，支持(某种说法或信念等)；(尤指证人在法庭上)证实，确证 □ corroboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ corroborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ corroborator  n.  □ corroboratory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin corroborare ‘strengthen’ (as COM-, roborare from robur -oris ‘strength’)]

corroboree /kəˈrɒbəri/ n.  1  a festive or warlike dance-drama with song of Australian Aboriginals (澳洲土著庆祝节日的)歌舞会 2  a noisy party 狂欢会；喧闹 [Dharuk garabari, a style of dancing]

corrode /kəˈrəʊd/ v.  1  a tr.  wear away, esp. by chemical action (尤指通过化学作用)腐蚀，侵蚀b intr.  be worn away; decay 受腐蚀，腐烂 2 tr.  destroy gradually 逐渐毁坏，损坏  optimism corroded by recent misfortunes  被近来的不幸破坏了的乐观情绪 □ corrodible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin corrodere corros- (as COM-, rodere ‘gnaw’)]

corrosion /kəˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of corroding, esp. of a rusting metal (尤指生锈金属的)腐蚀，侵蚀 2  a  damage caused by corroding 腐蚀造成的损坏b  a corroded area 腐蚀的部位

corrosive /kəˈrəʊsiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to corrode or consume 腐蚀的，腐蚀性的 ●n.  a corrosive substance 腐蚀剂 □ corrosively  adv.  □ corrosiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French corosif -ive (as CORRODE)]

corrosive sublimate n.  mercuric chloride, a poisonous acid substance, used as a fungicide, antiseptic, etc. (用作杀菌剂、防腐剂等的)氯化汞，升汞

corrugate /ˈkɒrʊɡeit/ v.  1 tr. (esp. as 尤作 corrugated adj.)  form into alternate ridges and grooves, esp. to strengthen (尤指为加固而)使起皱，使起波纹  corrugated iron  瓦楞铁 corrugated paper  瓦楞纸 2 tr. & intr.  contract into wrinkles or folds 起皱，起波纹 □ corrugation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin corrugare (as COM-, rugare from ruga ‘wrinkle’)]

corrugator /ˈkɒrʊɡeitə/ n. Anat.  either of two muscles that contract the brow in frowning 【解】皱眉肌 [modern Latin (as CORRUGATE)]

corrupt /kəˈrʌpt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  morally depraved; wicked 腐化堕落的，不道德的；邪恶的 2  influenced by or using bribery or fraudulent activity 接受贿赂的，腐败的；有欺诈行为的 3 (of a text, language, etc.) harmed (esp. made suspect or unreliable) by errors or alterations (文本、语言等)因讹误(或改动)而受害(尤指可信性受到怀疑)的 4  rotten 腐烂的，腐坏的 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become corrupt or depraved (使)腐蚀，(使)腐化；(使)堕落 2 tr.  affect or harm by errors or alterations (因讹误而)影响；(因改动而)损坏 3 tr.  infect, taint 使污浊，使腐烂 □ corrupter  n.  □ corruptible  adj.  □ corruptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ corruptive  adj.  □ corruptly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French corrupt or Latin corruptus, past part. of corrumpere corrupt- (as COM-, rumpere ‘break’)]

corruption /kəˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  moral deterioration, esp. widespread (尤指广泛的)腐化，堕落 2  use of corrupt practices, esp. bribery or fraud 腐化行为(尤指贿赂或舞弊) 3  a  irregular alteration (of a text, language, etc.) from its original state (文本、语言等)讹误，不合常规的改动b  an irregularly altered form of a word 讹用的词语 4  decomposition, esp. of a corpse or other organic matter (尤指尸体或其他有机物的)腐烂，腐坏 [Middle English from Old French corruption or Latin corruptio (as CORRUPT)]

corrupt practices n. pl.  fraudulent activity, esp. at elections (尤指选举中的)舞弊

corsac /ˈkɔ:sæk/ n. (also 亦作 corsak)  a fox, Vulpes corsac, of central Asia 沙狐(狐属动物，产于中亚地区) [Turkic]

corsage /kɔ:ˈsɑ:ʒ, ˈkɔ:sɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a small bouquet worn by a woman (妇女佩戴的)小束装饰花 2  the bodice of a woman's dress (上衣或连衣裙外面的)妇女紧身马甲 [Middle English from Old French, from cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

corsair /ˈkɔ:sɛə/ n.  1  a pirate ship 海盗船 2  a pirate 海盗 3 hist.  a privateer, esp. of the Barbary Coast [史义] (尤指活动在巴巴里海岸的)私掠船 [French corsaire from medieval Latin cursarius, via cursus ‘inroad’ from currere ‘run’]

corsak var.  of CORSAC  CORSAC 的变体

corse /kɔ:s/ n. archaic  a corpse [古义]尸体，死尸 [variant of CORPSE]

corselet var.  of CORSLET , CORSELETTE CORSLET 和 CORSELETTE 的变体

corselette /kɔ:s(ə)ˈlet, ˈkɔ:s(ə)let/ n. (also 亦作 corselet)  a woman's foundation garment combining corset and brassiere (女用)紧身胸衣

corset /ˈkɔ:sit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close-fitting undergarment worn by women to support the abdomen (妇女用于捆束腰肚的)紧身内衣，紧身胸衣 2  a similar garment worn by men and women because of injury, weakness, or deformity (伤残或体弱者为治疗而穿的)围腰，紧身胸衣 ●v. tr. (corseted, corseting)  1  provide with a corset 给…穿紧身胸衣 2  control closely 严密控制，限制 □ corseted  adj.  □ corsetry  n.   [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

corsetière /ˈkɔ:sitjɛə/ n.  a woman who makes or fits corsets 紧身胸衣女裁缝 [French, fem. of corsetier (as CORSET, -IER)]

Corsican /ˈkɔ:sik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean under French rule (法属地中海岛屿)科西嘉的 ●n.  1  a native of Corsica 科西嘉人 2  the Italian dialect of Corsica 科西嘉方言(科西嘉人讲的一种意大利方言)

corslet /ˈkɔ:slit/ n. (also 亦作 corselet)  1  a garment (usu. tight-fitting) covering the trunk but not the limbs (通常为紧身的)胸衣 2 hist.  a piece of armour covering the trunk [史义]护身铠甲 [Old French corselet, diminutive of cors ‘body’: see CORPSE]

Cortes /ˈkɔ:tes, -z/ n.  the legislative assembly of Spain and formerly of Portugal (西班牙和旧时葡萄牙的)议会，国会 [Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of corte COURT]

cortex /ˈkɔ:teks/ n. (pl. cortices /-tiˌsi:z/)  1 Anat.  the outer part of an organ, esp. of the brain or kidneys 【解】(尤指大脑或肾脏的)皮质，皮层 (cerebral cortex 大脑皮层) (renal cortex 肾脏皮质) 2 Bot. 【植】  a  an outer layer of tissue immediately below the epidermis (表皮内的)皮层b  bark 树皮 □ cortical  /ˈkɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin cortex, -icis ‘bark’]

corticate /ˈkɔ:tikeit/ adj. (also 亦作 corticated)  1  having bark or rind 有树皮的，有外皮的 2  barklike 树皮似的 [Latin corticatus (as CORTEX)]

corticosteroid /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈstiərɔid, -ˈsterɔid/ n.  1  any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and concerned with regulation of salts and carbohydrates, inflammation, and sexual physiology 皮质甾类激素，皮质类固醇(即肾上腺皮质内产生的用于调节盐分、碳水化合物、炎症和性生理机能的一组甾类激素) 2  an analogous synthetic steroid 合成甾类化合物，类固醇

corticotrophic hormone /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ adj. (also 亦作 corticotropic hormone /-ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE 

corticotrophin /ˌkɔ:tikəʊˈtrəʊfin/ n. (also 亦作 corticotropin /-pin/)  = ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN 

cortisol /ˈkɔ:tisɒl/ n.  = HYDROCORTISONE 

cortisone /ˈkɔ:tizəʊn/ n. Biochem.  a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthetically, used medicinally esp. against inflammation and allergy 【生化】可的松(肾上腺皮质产生的或人工合成的甾类激素，尤用于消炎和抗过敏) [chemical name 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone]

cortège /kɔ:ˈteiʒ/ n.  1  a procession, esp. for a funeral (尤指送葬的)队伍，行列 2  a train of attendants 一队随员，一队侍从 [French from Italian corteggio, from corteggiare ‘attend court’]

corundum /kəˈrʌndəm/ n. Mineral.  extremely hard crystallized alumina, used esp. as an abrasive, and varieties of which, e.g. ruby and sapphire, are used for gemstones 【矿】刚玉，刚石，金刚砂(一种极其坚硬的晶体氧化铝，尤用作磨料，红宝石和蓝宝石等其他种类的刚玉则用作宝石饰物) [Tamil kurundam from Sanskrit kuruvinda ‘ruby’]

coruscate /ˈkɒrəskeit/ v. intr.  1  give off flashing light; sparkle 闪烁，闪耀 2  be showy or brilliant 炫耀，灿烂夺目 □ coruscation  /-ˈskeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin coruscare ‘glitter’]

corves pl.  of CORF  

corvette /kɔ:ˈvet/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a small naval escort vessel 轻型护卫舰 2 hist.  a flush-decked warship with one tier of guns [史义] (设有单排炮位的)平甲板战船 [French from Middle Dutch korf ‘kind of ship’ + diminutive -ETTE]

corvid /ˈkɔ:vid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a bird of the crow family, Corvidae 乌鸦(鸦科动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 乌鸦的，鸦科的 [modern Latin corvidae from Latin corvus ‘raven’]

corvine /ˈkɔ:vain/ adj.  of or like a raven or crow 乌鸦的，乌鸦似的 [Latin corvinus from corvus ‘raven’]

corvée /ˈkɔ:vei/ n.  1 hist.  a day's work of unpaid labour due to a lord from a vassal [史义]徭役(指封建主强迫农民承担的无偿劳动) 2  labour exacted in lieu of paying taxes (用于抵偿税款的)强征劳役 3  an onerous task 繁重的任务 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin corrogare ‘ask for, collect’ (as COM-, rogare ‘ask’)]

corybantic /kɒriˈbæntik/ adj.  wild, frenzied 狂乱的，狂暴的，疯狂的 [Corybantes, the priests of Cybele who performed wild dances (Latin from Greek Korubantes)]

corymb /ˈkɒrimb/ n. Bot.  a flat-topped cluster of flowers with the flower stalks proportionally longer lower down the stem 【植】伞房花序 □ corymbose  adj.   [French corymbe or Latin corymbus from Greek korumbos ‘cluster’]

coryphée /ˈkɒrifei/ n.  a leading dancer in a corps de ballet (芭蕾舞团伴舞队的)领舞演员 [French from Greek koruphaios ‘leader of a chorus’, from koruphē ‘head’]

coryza /kəˈraizə/ n.  a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose, caused e.g. by a cold or hay fever; a cold in the head (感冒或枯草热引起的)卡他性鼻炎，鼻伤风，鼻炎 [Latin from Greek koruza ‘running at the nose’]

cos1 /kɒs/ n.  a variety of lettuce with crisp narrow leaves forming a long upright head (长叶)直立莴苣 [Kōs (formerly Cos), the name of an island in the Aegean, where it originated]

cos2 /kɒz, kɒs/ abbr. [缩略]  cosine 

cos3 /kɒz, kəz/ conj. & adv. (also 亦作 'cos) colloq.  because [口]因为，由于 [abbreviation]

Cosa Nostra /ˈkəʊzə ˈnɒstrə/ n.  a US criminal organization resembling and related to the Mafia “我们的事业”(美国的一个秘密犯罪组织，与黑手党相似并有牵连) [Italian, = our affair]

cosec /ˈkəʊsek/ abbr. [缩略]  cosecant 

cosecant /kəʊˈsi:k(ə)nt, -ˈsek-/ n. Math.  the ratio of the hypotenuse (in a right-angled triangle) to the side opposite an acute angle; the reciprocal of sine 【数】(直角三角形中的)余割 [modern Latin cosecans and French cosécant (as CO-, SECANT)]

coseismal /kəʊˈsaizm(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to points of simultaneous arrival of an earthquake wave (地震波)同震的 ●n.  a straight line or a curve connecting these points 同震线，同震曲线 [CO- + SEISMAL (see SEISMIC)]

coset /ˈkəʊset/ n. Math.  a set composed of all the products obtained by multiplying on the right or on the left each element of a subgroup in turn by one particular element of the group containing the subgroup 【数】傍系；陪集 [CO- + SET2]

cosh1 /kɒʃ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  a heavy blunt weapon (用作武器的)短棍，护身棒 ●v. tr.  hit with a cosh 用短棍打 [19th c.: origin unknown]

cosh2 /kɒʃ, kɒˈseitʃ/ abbr. Math.  hyperbolic cosine [缩略]【数】双曲余弦 [COS2 + h for hyperbolic]

co-signatory /kəʊˈsiɡnət(ə)ri/ n. & adj. (US [美] cosignatory) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person or state signing a treaty etc. jointly with others (协议等的)连署人；连署国 ●adj.  signing jointly 连署的，连名签署的

cosine /ˈkəʊsain/ n. Math.  the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the hypotenuse 【数】(直角三角形中的)余弦 [modern Latin cosinus (as CO-, SINE)]

cosmetic /kɒzˈmetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  intended to adorn or beautify the body, esp. the face (尤指面部)化妆用的，美容的 2  intended to improve only appearances; superficially improving or beneficial 装饰性的，装门面的；非实质性的  a cosmetic change  非实质性改变 3 (of surgery or a prosthetic device) imitating, restoring, or enhancing the normal appearance (外科或修复术器械)模仿的；修复的；整容的 ●n.  a cosmetic preparation, esp. for the face (尤用于面部的)化妆品，美容剂 □ cosmetically  adv.   [French cosmétique from Greek kosmētikos, via kosmeō ‘adorn’ from kosmos ‘order, adornment’]

cosmic /ˈkɒzmik/ adj.  1  of the universe or cosmos, esp. as distinct from the earth (尤指区别于地球的)宇宙的 2  of or for space travel (用于)宇宙航行的 □ cosmical  adj.  □ cosmically  adv.  

cosmic dust n.  small particles of matter distributed throughout space 宇宙尘

cosmic rays n. pl. (also 亦作 cosmic radiation)  radiation from space etc. that reaches the earth from all directions, usu. with high energy and penetrative power 宇宙射线(通常具有高能量和强穿透力的)

cosmogony /kɒzˈmɒɡəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the origin of the universe 宇宙起源，天体演化 2  a theory about this 宇宙起源学，天体演化学 □ cosmogonic  /-məˈɡɒnik/ adj.  □ cosmogonical  /-məˈɡɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cosmogonist  n.   [Greek kosmogonia, from kosmos ‘world’ + -gonia ‘-begetting’]

cosmography /kɒzˈmɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a description or mapping of general features of the universe 宇宙志，宇宙结构学 □ cosmographer  n.  □ cosmographic  /-məˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cosmographical  /-məˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from French cosmographie, or via Late Latin from Greek kosmographia (as COSMOS1, -GRAPHY)]

cosmology /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of the origin and development of the universe 宇宙学 2  an account or theory of the origin of the universe 宇宙起源理论 □ cosmological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cosmologist  n.   [French cosmologie or modern Latin cosmologia (as COSMOS1, -LOGY)]

cosmonaut /ˈkɒzmənɔ:t/ n.  a Russian astronaut (俄罗斯的)宇航员，航天员 [Russian kosmonavt, as COSMOS1, on the pattern of astronaut]

cosmopolis /kɒzˈmɒp(ə)lis/ n.  a cosmopolitan city 国际都市，世界性都市 [Greek kosmos ‘world’ + polis ‘city’]

cosmopolitan /kɒzməˈpɒlit(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or from or knowing many parts of the world 世界性的，全球各地的；(对世界各地)见多识广的b  consisting of people from many or all parts 由各国人组成的 2  free from national limitations or prejudices 无国界的；无民族偏见的 3 Ecol. (of a plant, animal, etc.) widely distributed 【态】(动植物等)广布的，遍生的 ●n.  1  a cosmopolitan person 世界主义者，四海为家者 2 Ecol.  a widely distributed animal or plant 【态】世界种(指遍生于世界各地的动植物) □ cosmopolitanism  n.  世界主义，世界性□ cosmopolitanize  v. tr. & intr. (使) (also 亦作 -ise) 国际化，(使)世界化 [COSMOPOLITE + -AN]

cosmopolite /kɒzˈmɒp(ə)lait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a cosmopolitan person 世界主义者，世界公民 2 Ecol. 【态】  = COSMOPOLITANn. 2  ●adj.  free from national attachments or prejudices 无国界的；无民族偏见的 [French from Greek kosmopolitēs, from kosmos ‘world’ + politēs ‘citizen’]

cosmos1 /ˈkɒzmɒs/ n.  1  the universe, esp. as a well-ordered whole (尤指视为和谐整体的)宇宙 2  a  an ordered system of ideas etc. (完整和谐的)思想体系b  a sum total of experience 经验总结 [Greek kosmos ‘order, ornament, world’]

cosmos2 /ˈkɒzmɒs/ n.  any plant of the genus Cosmos (daisy family), bearing single dahlia-like blossoms of various colours 雏菊科秋英属植物(花朵单瓣，色彩不一，似大丽花) [modern Latin, from Greek kosmos in the sense ‘ornament’]

COSPAR abbr.  Committee on Space Research [缩略]空间研究委员会

Cossack /ˈkɒsæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people of southern Russia, Ukraine, and Siberia, noted from late medieval times for their horsemanship and military skill 哥萨克人(居住在俄罗斯南部、乌克兰和西伯利亚，善于骑马作战) 2  a member of a Cossack military unit 哥萨克轻骑兵 ●adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of the Cossacks 哥萨克人的；有哥萨克人特征的 [French cosaque via Russian kazak from Turkic, = vagabond]

cosset /ˈkɒsit/ v. tr. (cosseted, cosseting)  pamper 宠爱，溺爱；纵容 [dialect cosset = pet lamb, probably via Anglo-French coscet, cozet from Old English cotsœˉta ‘cottager’ (as COT2, SIT)]

cost /kɒst/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. cost)  1 tr.  be obtainable for (a sum of money); have as a price 使花费(金钱)；价钱为  what does it cost?  这东西值多少钱？ it cost me £ 50  这东西花了我 50 英镑 2 tr.  involve as a loss or sacrifice 使付出(代价)；使牺牲  it cost them much effort  此事耗费了他们许多精力 it cost him his life  那件事使他丧了命 3 tr. (past and past part. costed)  fix or estimate the cost or price of 确定…的价格；估计…的成本 4 colloq. [口]  a tr.  be costly to 付出高昂代价  it'll cost you  这会使你付出高昂代价的b intr.  be costly 花费(或代价)高昂 ●n.  1  what a thing costs; the price paid or to be paid 成本；价格，价钱 2  a loss or sacrifice; an expenditure of time, effort, etc. 损失；代价；牺牲；费用；花费 3 (in pl. 用复数)  legal expenses, esp. those allowed in favour of the winning party or against the losing party in a suit 诉讼费 □ at all costs (or at any cost)   no matter what the cost or risk may be 不惜任何代价，无论如何□ at cost   at the initial cost; at cost price 按成本(价格)□ at the cost of   at the expense of losing or sacrificing 以…为代价□ cost a person dear (or dearly)   involve a person in a high cost or a heavy penalty 使某人付出沉重代价□ to a person's cost   at a person's expense; with loss or disadvantage to a person 以某人的牺牲为代价；对某人不利，给某人带来损失 [Middle English from Old French coster, couster, coust, ultimately from Latin constare ‘stand firm, stand at a price’ (as COM-, stare ‘stand’)]

cost accountant n.  an accountant who records costs and (esp. overhead) expenses in a business concern 成本会计师 □ cost accounting  n.  成本会计

costal /ˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj.  of the ribs 肋骨的 [French via modern Latin costalis from Latin costa ‘rib’]

co-star /ˈkəʊstɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a cinema or stage star appearing with another or others of equal importance (电影或戏剧中与其他明星合作的)连袂主演者，联合主演者 ●v. (-starred, -starring)  1 intr.  take part as a costar (与其他明星)连袂主演，联合主演 2 tr. (of a production) include as a co-star (指影片等)由…连袂主演，由…联合主演

costard /ˈkɒstəd, ˈkʌst-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a large ribbed variety of apple (有中脉的)大苹果 2 archaic joc.  the head [古义] [诙]头，脑袋 [Middle English via Anglo-French (from coste ‘rib’) from Latin costa]

Costa Rica   哥斯达黎加

Costa Rican /ˈkɒstəˈri:kən/ adj. & n.  哥斯达黎加的(人)

costate /ˈkɒsteit/ adj.  ribbed; having ribs or ridges 有肋骨的，有中脉的，有脊状突起的 [Latin costatus from costa ‘rib’]

cost-benefit attrib. adj.  designating or relating to a process that assesses the relation between the cost of an operation and the value of the resulting benefits 成本效益的  cost-benefit analysis  成本效益分析

cost clerk n. (also Brit. [亦英] costing clerk)  a clerk who records costs and expenses in a business concern 成本会计师，成本核算员

cost-conscious adj.  aware of cost or costs 有成本意识的

cost-cutting n.  the cutting of costs 降低成本 often 常作 attrib.: cost-cutting measures  降低成本的措施

cost-effective adj.  effective or productive in relation to its cost 成本效益好的；合算的，划算的 □ cost-effectively  adv.  □ cost-effectiveness  n.  

cost-efficient adj.  = COST-EFFECTIVE  □ cost-efficiency  n.  

coster /ˈkɒstə/ n. Brit. [英]  = COSTERMONGER  [abbreviation]

costermonger /ˈkɒstəmʌŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a person who sells fruit, vegetables, etc., in the street from a barrow [英] (沿街推车叫卖水果、蔬菜等的)小贩 [COSTARD + MONGER]

costing /ˈkɒstiŋ/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  1  the determination of the cost of producing or undertaking something 成本核算，成本会计 2  the cost so arrived at 核算出的成本

costing clerk var.  of COST CLERK  COST CLERK 的变体

costive /ˈkɒstiv/ adj.  1  constipated 便秘的；引起便秘的 2  niggardly 小气的，吝啬的 □ costively  adv.  □ costiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French costivé from Latin constipatus: see CONSTIPATE]

costly /ˈkɒs(t)li/ adj. (costlier, costliest)  1  costing much; expensive 昂贵的，代价高的 2  of great value 值钱的，贵重的 □ costliness  n.  

costmary /ˈkɒstmɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  an aromatic plant of the daisy family, Balsamita major, formerly used in medicine and for flavouring ale 艾菊(雏菊科芳香植物，曾入药或为麦芽酒调味) [Old English cost via Latin costum and Greek kostos from Arabic kust, an aromatic plant + (St) Mary (with whom it was associated in medieval times)]

cost of living n.  the level of prices esp. of the basic necessities of life (尤指最基本生活必需品的)生活费用

cost-plus attrib. adj.  designating or relating to a pricing system in which a fixed profit factor is added to cost incurred 成本加成的，成本加利润的

cost price n. Brit.  the price paid for a thing by a person etc. who later sells it [英]成本价格；购入价格

cost push n.  factors other than demand that cause inflation (引起通货膨胀的)成本增加因素，非需求因素

costume /ˈkɒstju:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a style or fashion of dress, esp. that of a particular place, time, or class (尤指某个特定地区、时期或阶层的)服装；服装式样 2  a set of clothes 成套服装 3  clothing for a particular activity (特殊场合穿的)服装  swimming costume  游泳衣，泳装 4  an actor's clothes for a part 戏装，道具 5 Brit.  a woman's matching jacket and skirt [英]女套装 ●v. tr.  provide with a costume 为…提供服装 [French via Italian from Latin consuetudo CUSTOM]

costume drama n.  a drama, esp. produced for television or the cinema, for which historical costume is worn 古装剧

costume jewellery n.  artificial jewellery worn to adorn clothes (缀于服装上的)人造珠宝饰物

costume play n. (also 亦作 costume piece)  a play in which the actors wear historical costume 古装戏

costumier /kɒˈstju:miə/ n. (also 亦作 costumer /-mə/)  a person who makes or deals in costumes, esp. for theatrical use (尤指戏装)服装制作商，服装经销商 [French costumier (as COSTUME)]

cosy /ˈkəʊzi/ adj., n. & v. (US [美] cozy) ●adj. (cosier, cosiest)  1  comfortable and warm; snug 舒适暖和的；安逸的 2 derog.  complacent; expedient, self-serving [贬]自满的，沾沾自喜的；谋求私利的 3  warm and friendly 亲密的，友好的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cover to keep something hot, esp. a teapot or a boiled egg (尤指茶壶或煮鸡蛋的)保暖罩 2 Brit.  a canopied corner seat for two [英] (角落里的)双人有遮盖座位 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 along) colloq.  reassure, esp. deceptively [口] (尤指用假话蒙骗)使安心 □ cosy up to  US colloq. [美口]  1  ingratiate oneself with 讨…的欢心 2  snuggle up to 舒适地依偎□ cosily  adv.  □ cosiness  n.   [18th c. from Scots, of unknown origin]

cot1 /kɒt/ n.  1 Brit.  a small bed with high sides, esp. for a baby or very young child [英]幼儿床，小床 2  a hospital bed 病床 3 US  a small folding bed [美]小折叠床 4 Anglo-Ind.  a light bedstead [印英]轻便床架 5 Naut.  a kind of swinging bed hung from deck beams, formerly used by officers 【海】帆布吊床 [Anglo-Indian, from Hindi khɑˉt ‘bedstead, hammock’]

cot2 /kɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shelter; a cote 遮盖物；棚，栏，槛  bell-cot  钟楼 sheep-cot  羊槛 2 poet.  a cottage [诗]村舍，小屋 ●v. tr. (cotted, cotting)  put (sheep) in a cot 把(羊)圈在槛里 [Old English from Germanic, related to COTE]

cot3 /kɒt/ abbr. Math. [缩略]【数】  cotangent 

cotangent /kəʊˈtændʒ(ə)nt/ n. Math.  the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the opposite side 【数】(直角三角形中的)余切

cot-case n.  a person too ill to leave his or her bed (卧床不起的)重病人

cot death n. Brit.  the unexplained death of a baby while sleeping [英]婴儿猝死

cote /kəʊt/ n.  a shelter, esp. for animals or birds; a shed or stall (尤指家畜、家禽的)棚，槛，栏  sheep-cote  羊槛 [Old English from Germanic, related to COT2]

coterie /ˈkəʊt(ə)ri/ n.  1  an exclusive group of people sharing interests (由兴趣相同的人构成的排外性的)小集团 2  a select circle in society 社交圈，界，阶层 [French, originally = association of tenants, ultimately from Middle Low German kote COTE]

coterminous /kəʊˈtɜ:minəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  having the same boundaries or extent (in space, time, or meaning) (空间、时间)同样广大的；(意义)同样广泛的 [CO- + TERMINUS + -OUS]

coth /kɒθ, kɒtˈeitʃ/ abbr. Math.  hyperbolic cotangent [缩略]【数】双曲余切 [COT3 + h for hyperbolic]

co-tidal line /kəʊˈtaid(ə)l/ n.  a line on a map connecting points at which tidal levels (as high tide or low tide) occur simultaneously (地图上的)同潮线

cotillion /kəˈtiljən/ n.  1  a French dance with elaborate steps, figures, and ceremonial 法国花式舞 2 US [美]  a  a ballroom dance resembling a quadrille (类似于方阵舞的)四对舞b  a formal ball 大型正式舞会 [French cotillon ‘petticoat’, diminutive of cotte from Old French cote COAT]

cotinga /kəˈtiŋɡə/ n.  a tropical American bird of the passerine family Cotingidae, often with brilliant plumage 伞鸟(一种往往羽毛鲜艳的伞鸟科雀形目鸟，产于热带美洲) [French from Tupi cutinga]

cotoneaster /kətəʊniˈæstə/ n.  a shrub of the genus Cotoneaster (rose family), bearing usu. bright red berries (蔷薇科)栒子属灌木(其浆果通常呈鲜红色) [modern Latin, from Latin cotoneum QUINCE + -ASTER]

cotta /ˈkɒtə/ n. Eccl.  a surplice-like garment usu. reaching just above the waist 【教会】(教士穿的)白色宽袖法衣 [Italian, from the Romanic base of COAT]

cottage /ˈkɒtidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small simple house, esp. in the country (尤指乡村的)农舍，村舍 2  a dwelling forming part of a farm establishment, used by a worker (农场工人居住的)小屋 3 slang  a public toilet [俚语]公共厕所 ●v. intr. slang  perform homosexual acts in public toilets [俚语] (在公共厕所)进行同性恋活动 □ cottagey  adj.  小屋的，村舍的 [Middle English via Anglo-French, cotag, Anglo-Latin cotɑˉgium, from COT2 or COTE]

cottage cheese n.  soft white cheese made from curds of skimmed milk without pressing 农家乳酪(一种脱脂的白色软干酪)

cottage garden n.  an informal garden well-stocked with colourful traditional hardy plants (大量种植传统耐寒植物的)农家花园

cottage hospital n. Brit.  a small hospital not having resident medical staff [英] (无住院医生的)乡村诊疗所

cottage industry n.  a business activity partly or wholly carried on at home 家庭手工业

cottage loaf n. Brit.  a loaf formed of two round masses, the smaller on top of the larger [英]农家面包(由大小两个面包相叠而成)

cottage pie n. Brit.  a dish of minced meat topped with browned mashed potato [英]农家馅饼(肉馅上覆土豆泥烘烤而成)

cottager /ˈkɒtidʒə/ n.  a person who lives in a cottage 村民；乡村小屋居住者

cottar /ˈkɒtə/ n. (also 亦作 cotter)  1 Sc. & hist.  a farm-labourer or tenant occupying a cottage in return for labour as required [苏格兰史义] (以劳动换取村舍居住权的)佃农，农场工人 2 Ir. hist. [爱尔兰史义]  = COTTIER 2  [COT2 + -ER1 (Scots -ar)]

cotter /ˈkɒtə/ n.  1  a bolt or wedge for securing parts of machinery etc. (机器等上固定机件用的)制销，销 2 (in full 全称 cotter pin)  a split pin that opens after passing through a hole 开尾销，扁销 [17th c. (related to earlier cotterel): origin unknown]

cottier /ˈkɒtiə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a cottager 村民；住乡村小屋者 2 hist.  an Irish peasant under cottier tenure [史义] (旧时爱尔兰通过投标定租的)佃户 [Middle English via Old French cotier from medieval Latin cotarius: related to COTERIE]

cottier tenure n. Ir. hist.  the letting of land in small portions at a rent fixed by competition [爱尔兰史义] (旧时爱尔兰实行的)投标定租制

cotton /ˈkɒt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a soft white fibrous substance covering the seeds of certain plants 棉，棉花 2  a (in full 全称 cotton plant)  a tropical or subtropical plant of the genus Gossypium (mallow family), grown for this fibre or for its seeds (热带或亚热带锦葵科棉属植物)棉株，棉树b  this plant as a crop 棉花作物 3  thread or cloth made from the fibre 棉线；棉布 4 (作 attrib.)  made of cotton 棉花制作的 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be attracted by (a person) 被(某人)所吸引 □ cotton on  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  begin to understand [口]开始明白，领悟□ cotton to  US colloq.  begin to like [美口]开始喜欢，对…产生好感□ cottony  adj.  有绒毛的，起毛的；柔软的，棉花似的 [Middle English via Old French coton from Arabic kutn]

cotton cake n.  compressed cotton seed used as food for cattle (用作饲料的)棉籽饼

cotton candy n. N. Amer.  candyfloss [北美]棉花糖

cotton gin n.  a machine for separating cotton from its seeds 轧棉机，轧花机

cotton grass n.  any grasslike plant of the genus Eriophorum, with long white silky hairs 羊胡子草属植物(长有长长的丝状绒毛)

cotton-picking adj. N. Amer. slang  unpleasant, wretched [北美] [俚语]讨厌的，糟糕透顶的

cottontail /ˈkɒt(ə)nteil/ n.  any rabbit of the genus Sylvilagus, native to America, having a mainly white fluffy tail 棉尾兔属动物(原产于美洲，尾巴主要为白色，形似棉朵)

cotton waste n.  refuse yarn used to clean machinery etc. (擦机器等用的)废棉纱，回丝

cottonwood /ˈkɒt(ə)nwʊd/ n.  1  any of several poplars, native to N. America, having seeds covered in white cottony hairs 北美棉白杨，三角叶杨(原产于北美，种子上覆有白色绒毛) 2  any of several trees native to Australia, esp. a downy-leaved tree, Bedfordia salicina 澳洲棉白杨(原产于澳洲，尤指叶子下垂的棉白杨)

cotton wool n.  1 esp. Brit.  fluffy wadding of a kind originally made from raw cotton [尤英] (用原棉制作的)软填料，填絮，棉衬 2 US  raw cotton [美]原棉

cotyledon /kɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants (结实作物的)子叶 2  any succulent plant of the southern African genus Cotyledon or the European genus Umbilicus, esp. navelwort 非洲寇太来顿属多肉植物或欧洲脐景天属植物，尤指脐状瓦松 □ cotyledonary  adj.  □ cotyledonous  adj.   [Latin, = pennywort, from Greek kotulēdōn ‘cup-shaped cavity’ from kotulē ‘cup’]

coucal /ˈku:k(ə)l, ˈkʊkɑ:l/ n.  any ground-nesting bird of the genus Centropus, related to the cuckoos 褐翅鸦鹃属鸟类(杜鹃科，筑巢于地面) [French, perhaps from coucou ‘cuckoo’ + alouette ‘lark’]

couch1 /kaʊtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an upholstered piece of furniture for several people; a sofa (一种装有垫子的)软席，软榻；长沙发 2  a long padded seat with a headrest at one end, esp. one on which a psychoanalyst's subject or doctor's patient reclines during examination (接受疾病检查或心理分析者躺的)长榻，诊察台 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  express in words of a specified kind (用某种术语)表达  couched in simple language  用简单的措词来表达 2 tr.  lay on or as on a couch 把…置于长沙发上 3 intr.  a (of an animal) lie, esp. in its lair (动物)躺卧，趴下(尤指伏卧在洞穴中)b  lie in ambush 蹲伏，埋伏 4 tr.  lower (a spear etc.) to the position for attack 压低(长矛等)以刺杀 5 tr. Med.  treat (a cataract) by displacing the lens of the eye 【医】除去(白内障) [Middle English via Old French couche, coucher from Latin collocare (as COM-, locare ‘place’)]

couch2 /kaʊtʃ, ku:tʃ/ n. (in full 全称 couch grass)  any of several grasses of the genus Agropyron, esp. A. repens, having long creeping roots 冰草属植物(尤指匍匐冰草，有蔓生的长根) [variant of QUITCH]

couchant /ˈkaʊtʃ(ə)nt/ adj. (placed after noun 用于名词后) Heraldry (of an animal) lying with the body resting on the legs and the head raised 【纹章学】(动物)昂头蹲伏的 [French, pres. part. of coucher: see COUCH1]

couchette /ku:ˈʃet/ n.  1  a railway carriage with seats convertible into sleeping berths 坐卧两用火车车厢 2  a berth in this (列车的)坐卧两用铺位 [French, = little bed, diminutive of couche COUCH1]

couch potato n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a person who likes lazing at home, esp. watching television [尤北美] [俚语] (尤指终日泡在电视机前的)终日在家懒散者

coudé /ku:ˈdei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a telescope in which the rays are bent to a focus at a fixed point off the axis (望远镜)折轴反射的 ●n.  such a telescope 折轴望远镜 [French, past part. of couder ‘bend at right angles’ from coude ‘elbow’, from Latin cubitum]

cougar /ˈku:ɡə/ n. N. Amer.  a puma [北美]美洲狮 [French, representing Guarani guaçu ara]

cough /kɒf/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound produced by abrupt opening of the glottis, to remove an obstruction or congestion 咳，咳嗽 2 (of an engine, gun, etc.) make a similar sound (发动机、枪炮等)发咳嗽似的声响 3 Brit. slang  confess [英] [俚语]供认，坦白 ●n.  1  an act of coughing 咳，咳嗽 2  a condition of the respiratory organs causing coughing 咳嗽病 3  a tendency to cough 咳嗽的感觉 □ cough out   1  eject by coughing 咳出 2  say with a cough 咳嗽着说□ cough up   1  = cough out  2 colloq.  bring out or give (money or information) reluctantly [口]勉强说出，吐露(消息)；(不情愿地)支付钱财 [Middle English coghe, cowhe, related to Middle Dutch kuchen, Middle High German kūchen, of imitative origin]

cough drop n. (also 亦作 cough sweet)  a medicated lozenge for relieving a cough 止咳糖，止咳片

cough mixture n.  a liquid medicine for relieving a cough 止咳药水，止咳合剂

could past  of CAN1  

couldn't /ˈkʊd(ə)nt/ contr.  could not [缩合]不能

coulis /ˈku:li/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a fruit purée thin enough to pour 稀薄的水果酱 [French from couler ‘flow, run’]

coulisse /ku:ˈli:s/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Theatr.  a piece of side scenery or a space between two of these; the wings 【戏】侧面布景；舞台两侧布景之间的空地；侧翼，两翼 2  a place of informal discussion or negotiation 非正式商讨(或谈判)的场所 [French from coulis ‘sliding’: see PORTCULLIS]

couloir /ˈku:lwɑ:/ n.  a steep narrow gully on a mountainside (山坡上)陡峭狭窄的溪谷，冲沟 [French from couler ‘glide’: see COULÉE]

coulomb /ˈku:lɒm/ n. Electr.  the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere (symbol 符 C) 【电】库仑(电量单位) [named after C. A. de Coulomb, French physicist d. 1806]

coulometry /ku:ˈlɒmitri/ n. Chem.  a method of chemical analysis by measurement of the number of coulombs used in electrolysis 【化】库仑测定法，电量测定法 □ coulometric  /ku:ləˈmetrik/ adj.  

coulter /ˈkəʊltə/ n. (US [美] colter)  a vertical cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare (装在犁铧前面的)犁刀 [Old English from Latin culter]

coulée /ku:ˈlei, ˈku:li/ n.  1 Geol.  a stream of molten or solidified lava 【地质】熔岩流；(凝固的)熔岩流 2 N. Amer. dial.  a deep ravine [北美方]干河谷；深峡谷，深冲沟 [French, fem. past part. of couler ‘flow’, from Latin colare ‘strain, filter’]

coumarin /ˈku:mərin/ n. Chem.  an aromatic compound found in many plants and formerly used for flavouring food 【化】香豆素(旧时用作食品调味) [French coumarine ultimately from Tupi cumarú ‘substance from tonka beans’]

coumarone /ˈku:mərəʊn/ n. Chem.  an organic compound present in coal tar and used in paints and varnishes 【化】香豆酮，苯并呋喃(一种存在于煤焦油中的有机化合物，用于油漆或清漆) [COUMARIN + -ONE]

coumarone resin n.  a thermoplastic resin formed by polymerization of coumarone 香豆酮树脂(一种用香豆酮聚合成的热塑树脂)

council /ˈkaʊns(ə)l, -sil/ n.  1  a  an advisory, deliberative, or administrative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly (顾问、审议或管理)委员会b  a meeting of such a body 委员会会议 2 Brit. [英]  a  the elected local administrative body of a parish, district, town, city, or administrative county and its paid officers and workforce (教区、区市、镇、郡等的)政务委员会b (作 attrib.) (esp. of housing) provided by a local council (尤指住房)由地方政务会提供的  council flat  市镇统建公寓套间 council estate  市镇统建住房群 3  a body of persons chosen as advisers 顾问团  Privy Council  枢密院 4  an ecclesiastical assembly (基督教教会)会议  ecumenical council  (天主教教皇主持召开的)主教特别会议 [Middle English via Anglo-French cuncile from Latin concilium ‘convocation, assembly’ (as COM- + calare ‘summon’): cf. COUNSEL]

council chamber n. Brit.  a room in which a council meets [英] (政务会)议事室，会议室

council house n. Brit. [英]  1  a house owned and let by a local council 市镇统建住房 2  a building in which a council meets 市政厅，镇公所

councillor /ˈkaʊns(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] councilor)  an elected member of a council, esp. Brit. a local council or US a deliberative council 政务会委员，议员；[尤英] (地方政务会)政务委员；[美] (评议会)评议员 □ councillorship  n.   [Middle English, alteration of COUNSELLOR: assimilated to COUNCIL]

councilman /ˈkaʊns(ə)lmən, -sil-/ n. (pl. -men; fem. councilwoman, pl. -women) esp. US  a member of a council; a councillor [尤美] (市镇评议会)委员；评议员

council of war n.  1  an assembly of officers called in a special emergency (战时军事领导人举行的)军事会议 2  any meeting held to plan a response to an emergency (为制订计划而召开的)紧急会议

council tax n.  a tax levied by local authorities, based on the estimated value of a property and the number of people living in it, replacing the community charge from 1993 政务管理税(一种按照财产价值和人口征收的地方税)

counsel /ˈkaʊns(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  advice, esp. formally given (尤指正式的)忠告，劝告 2  consultation, esp. to seek or give advice 咨询，磋商(尤指征求意见) 3 (pl. same 单复同)  a barrister or other legal adviser; a body of these advising in a case 律师，法律顾问；律师团 4  a plan of action 计划，决策 ●v. tr. (counselled, counselling; US [美] counseled, counseling)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  advise (a person) 劝告(某人) 2  a  give advice to (a person) on social, psychological, or personal problems, esp. professionally (就社会、心理或个人问题向某人)提供(尤指专业性)建议b  assist or guide (a person) in resolving personal difficulties (在解决个人困难方面)协助(某人)，引导(某人) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  recommend (a course of action) 建议(行动方向) □ keep one's own counsel   not confide in others 不相信别人□ take counsel  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  consult 商量，咨询 [Middle English via Old French c(o)unseil, conseiller from Latin consilium ‘consultation, advice’]

counselling /ˈkaʊns(ə)liŋ/ n. (US [美] counseling)  1  the act or process of giving counsel 咨询，咨询服务 2  the process of assisting and guiding clients, esp. by a trained person on a professional basis, to resolve esp. personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties (cf. 参见 COUNSEL v. 2a) (尤指就解决个人、社会或心理问题而为客户提供的专业性)咨询服务

counsellor /ˈkaʊns(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] counselor)  1  a person who gives counsel; an adviser 顾问 2  a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems (个人、社会或心理问题)咨询顾问  marriage guidance counsellor  婚姻问题咨询顾问 3  a senior officer in the diplomatic service (使馆的)参赞 4  a (also 亦作 counselor-at-law) US  a barrister [美]律师b (also 亦作 counsellor-at-law) Ir.  an advising barrister [爱尔兰]法律顾问 [Middle English from Old French conseiller (from Latin consiliarius), conseillour, -eur (from Latin consiliator): see COUNSEL]

counsel of despair n.  action to be taken when all else fails 孤注一掷的行动

counsel of perfection n.  1  advice that is ideal but not feasible 理想但不可行的建议 2  advice guiding towards moral perfection 追求完美道德的建议

count1 /kaʊnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  determine the total number or amount of, esp. by assigning successive numbers 数，计数，清点数目(尤指连续地数数)  count the stations  清点车站的数目 2 intr.  repeat numbers in ascending order; conduct a reckoning 数数；计算 3  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in; often as 常作 counting prep.)  include in one's reckoning or plan 计算在内，包括在内  you can count me in  你可以把我计算在内 fifteen people, counting the guide  包括导游在内一共 15 人b intr.  be included in a reckoning or plan 被计算在内，被包括在内 4 tr.  consider (a thing or a person) to be (lucky etc.) 认为(某人或某物幸运等)  count no man happy until he is dead  认为活着的人谁都不幸福 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  have value; matter 有价值；很重要  his opinion counts for a great deal  他的观点很有价值 ●n.  1  a  the act of counting; a reckoning 数数；计算  after a count of fifty  数到 50 以后b  the sum total of a reckoning (计算出的)总数  blood count  血细胞计数，血球计数 pollen count  花粉统计，花粉计数 2 Law  each charge in an indictment 【法律】(起诉的)罪状  guilty on ten counts  10 条罪状 3  a count of up to ten seconds by a referee when a boxer is knocked down 数十(指拳击中一拳击手被击倒后裁判开始数 10 秒，若 10 秒钟之内不能站起，则判其失败) 4 Polit.  the act of counting the votes after a general or local election 【政】(选举后)计数选票 5  one of several points under discussion (讨论或研究的)事项，问题 6  the measure of the fineness of a yarn expressed as the weight of a given length or the length of a given weight (棉纱)支，支数 7 Physics  the number of ionizing particles detected by a counter 【物理学】(电离粒子的)计数 □ count against   be reckoned to the disadvantage of 被认为对…不利□ count one's blessings   be grateful for what one has 往好处想□ count one's chickens (before they are hatched)   be over-optimistic or hasty in anticipating good fortune 过于乐观；打如意算盘(小鸡还没孵出，先计算鸡数)□ count the cost   consider the risks before taking action; calculate the damage resulting from an action 事先考虑危险；事先考虑危害□ count the days (or hours etc.)   be impatient 急切等待，不耐烦□ count down   recite numbers backwards to zero, esp. as part of a rocket-launching procedure (尤指发射火箭前的)倒读数，倒计时□ count on (or upon)   depend on, rely on; expect confidently 指望，依靠；料想□ count out   1  count while taking from a stock 逐一数出，边数边往外拿 2  complete a count of ten seconds over (a fallen boxer etc.), indicating defeat 数十后判(被击倒的拳击手等)负 3 (in children's games) select (a player) for dismissal or a special role by use of a counting rhyme etc. (儿童游戏)用数数的歌谣等挑出(或剔除)游戏者 4 colloq.  exclude from a plan or reckoning [口]把…排除在外  I'm too tired, count me out  我太累了，别把我计算在内 5 Brit. Polit.  procure the adjournment of (the House of Commons) when fewer than 40 members are present [英]【政】(下院出席人数不足 40 人时)宣告休会□ count up   find the sum of 算出…的总数，共计□ keep count   take note of how many there have been etc. 数清…的数目，知道…的数目□ lose count   fail to take note of how many there have been etc.; forget the number noted in counting 没数清…的数目；忘了…的数目□ not counting   excluding from the reckoning (see sense 3a of the v. 见动词释义 3a) 不包括在内□ out for the count   1 Boxing  defeated by being unable to rise within ten seconds 【拳击】(未能在数十过程中站起而)被判失败的 2  a  defeated or demoralized 失败的；泄气的b  soundly asleep; unconscious 睡熟的；无知觉的□ take the count  Boxing  be defeated 【拳击】被判失败，被打败 [Middle English via Old French co(u)nter, co(u)nte from Late Latin computus, computare COMPUTE]

count2 /kaʊnt/ n.  a foreign noble corresponding to an earl (国外贵族相当于英国 earl 的)伯爵 □ countship  n.   [Old French conte from Latin comes comitis ‘member of the imperial retinue’]

countable /ˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be counted 可计数的

countable noun n. Gram.  a noun that can form a plural or be used with the indefinite article (e.g. 如 book 书本 , kindness 仁慈 , meaning ‘a kind act’ 表示“善行”) Cf. 参见 UNCOUNTABLE NOUN, MASS NOUN 【语法】可数名词(可构成复数形式，可与不定冠词连用)

countback /ˈkaʊntbæk/ n. Sport  a system of scoring in which the winner of a tied contest is the contestant with the better score in the later part 【运动】(比赛平局时的)加时赛

countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n.  1  a  the act of counting down, esp. at the launching of a rocket etc. (尤指发射火箭等时的)倒读数，倒计时b  the procedures carried out during this time 倒读数过程，准备过程 2  the final moments before any significant event (重大事件的)最后时刻

countenance /ˈkaʊnt(ə)nəns, -tin-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the face 脸，面孔b  the facial expression 面容，面部表情 2  composure 镇定，沉着，泰然自若 3  moral support (道义上的)支持，赞成 ●v. tr.  1  give approval to (an act etc.) 赞成，支持(某行为等)  cannot countenance this breach of the rules  不赞成这种违规行为 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  encourage (a person or a practice) 鼓励(某人或某种做法) □ change countenance   alter one's expression as an effect of emotion (因情感的影响而)变脸色□ keep one's countenance   maintain composure, esp. by refraining from laughter 保持沉稳，不动声色(尤指忍住不笑)□ keep a person in countenance   support or encourage a person 支持(或鼓励)某人□ lose countenance   become embarrassed 露出窘相，尴尬，局促不安□ out of countenance   disconcerted 仓皇失措，窘迫 [Middle English from Anglo-French c(o)untenance, Old French contenance ‘bearing’, from contenir: see CONTAIN]

counter1 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  1  a  a long flat-topped fitment in a shop, bank, etc., across which business is conducted with customers (商店、银行等的)柜台b  a similar structure used for serving food etc. in a cafeteria or bar (自助餐厅或酒吧的)快餐柜台，售酒柜台c N. Amer. [北美]  = WORKTOP  2  a  a small disc used for keeping the score etc. esp. in table games (尤指台、桌游戏的)记分圆盘b  a token representing a coin 代币券c  something used in bargaining; a pawn 筹码；扣压物，人质  a counter in the struggle for power  权力斗争中的筹码 3  a  an apparatus used for counting 计数器，计算器b Physics  an apparatus used for counting individual ionizing particles etc. 【物理学】(电离粒子)计数器 4  a person who counts something 计数者 □ over the counter   by ordinary retail purchase (see also 另见 OVER-THE-COUNTER) 在商店购买，普通零售□ under the counter  (esp. of the sale of scarce goods) surreptitiously, esp. illegally (see also 另见 UNDER-THE-COUNTER) (尤指紧俏商品销售中非法的)暗中交易；偷偷摸摸进行 [Anglo-French count(e)our, Old French conteo(i)r, from medieval Latin computatorium (as COMPUTE)]

counter2 /ˈkaʊntə/ v., adv., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  oppose, contradict 反对；抵消；反驳  countered our proposal with their own  针对我们的建议提出了他们的相反建议b  meet by a countermove 对抗，反击 2 intr.  a  make a countermove 采取对抗行动b  make an opposing statement 反驳  ‘I shall!’ he countered  “我会的！”他反驳说 3 intr. Boxing  give a return blow while parrying 【拳击】还击 ●adv.  1  in the opposite direction 反方向地，相反地  ran counter to the fox  与狐狸的方向背道而驰 2  contrary 矛盾地，对立地  his action was counter to my wishes  他的做法与我的愿望相矛盾 ●adj.  1  opposed; opposite 反对的；相反的 2  duplicate; serving as a check 复制的；用作对照标准的 ●n.  1  a parry; a countermove 对抗行动；还击 2  something opposite or opposed 对立面；起抵消作用的事物 □ act (or go) counter to   disobey (instructions etc.) 不遵守，违反(指示等)□ go (or Brit. [英] hunt or run) counter   run or ride against the direction taken by a quarry 与(猎物的方向)背道而驰□ run counter to   act contrary to 违背，违反 [Middle English via Old French countre from Latin contra ‘against’: see COUNTER-]

counter3 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  1  the part of a horse's breast between the shoulders and under the neck (马的)前胸部 2  the curved part of the stern of a ship 船艉突出体，船的外侧艉端 3 Printing  a part of a printing type etc. that is completely enclosed by an outline 【印刷】字谷(铅字笔画间的凹进处) (e.g. the loop of P 如字母 P 的圆圈处) [17th c.: origin unknown]

counter4 /ˈkaʊntə/ n.  the back part of a shoe or a boot round the heel (皮鞋或皮靴)后跟部的鞋帮坚硬部分 [abbreviation of counterfort ‘buttress’]

counter- /ˈkaʊntə/ prefix denoting 表示 :  1  retaliation, opposition, or rivalry (counter-demonstration 反示威 ; counter-inflationary 反通货膨胀的) 报复；反；逆；对抗 2  opposite direction (counter-current 逆流，逆电流) 反方向 3  correspondence, duplication, or substitution (counterpart 合作对方，同行 ; countersign (文件等的)副署，会签) 对应；复制；代替 [from or suggested by Anglo-French countre-, Old French contre, from Latin contra ‘against’]

counteract /kaʊntərˈækt/ v. tr.  1  hinder or oppose by contrary action 抵制；对抗；阻碍 2  neutralize 中和，抵消 □ counteraction  n.  □ counteractive  adj.  

counter-attack /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rətæk/ n. & v. ●n.  an attack in reply to an attack by an enemy or opponent 反攻，反击，还击 ●v. tr. & intr.  attack in reply 反攻，反击，还击

counter-attraction /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rəˌtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a rival attraction 对抗性吸引力 2  the attraction of a contrary tendency 反引力

counterbalance n. & v. ●n. /ˈkaʊntəbæl(ə)ns/  1  a weight balancing another 平衡重，平衡块，砝码 2  an argument, force, etc., balancing another 均衡力，抵消力；驳斥的论点 ●v. tr. /kaʊntəˈbæl(ə)ns/  act as a counterbalance to 使平衡，抵消

counterblast /ˈkaʊntəblɑ:st/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an energetic or violent verbal or written reply to an argument etc. 有力驳斥，强烈反对

counterchange /ˈkaʊntətʃein(d)ʒ/ v.  1 tr.  change (places or parts); interchange 调换(位置或角色)；交换 2 tr. literary  chequer, esp. with contrasting colours etc. [文学用语]使斑驳，使成交错颜色 3 intr.  change places or parts 交换位置；调换角色 [French contrechanger (as COUNTER-, CHANGE)]

countercharge /ˈkaʊntətʃɑ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a charge or accusation in return for one received 反诉 ●v. tr.  make a countercharge against 提出反诉

countercheck /ˈkaʊntətʃek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a restraint that opposes something 抑制，克制b  a restraint that operates against another 遏制 2  a second check, esp. for security or accuracy 复查，复核 3 archaic  a retort [古义]反驳 ●v. tr.  make a countercheck on 抑制，遏制；复查，复核

counter-claim /ˈkaʊntəkleim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a claim made against another claim 反要求；反索赔 2 Law  a claim made by a defendant in a suit against the plaintiff 【法律】(被告对原告的)反诉 ●v. tr. & intr.  make a counter-claim (for) 提出反要求；提出反索赔，提出反诉

counter-clockwise /kaʊntəˈklɒkwaiz/ adv. & adj. N. Amer. [北美]  = ANTICLOCKWISE 

counter-culture /ˈkaʊntəkʌltʃə/ n.  a way of life etc. opposed to that usually considered normal (生活方式等)反正统文化，反文化

counter-espionage /kaʊntərˈespiənɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  action taken to frustrate enemy spying 反间谍活动

counterfeit /ˈkaʊntəfit, -fi:t/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a coin, writing, etc.) made in imitation; not genuine; forged (货币、笔迹等)仿造的，伪造的，假的 2 (of a claimant etc.) pretended (认领者)假装的，佯装的 ●n.  a forgery; an imitation 伪造物，膺品；仿制品 ●v. tr.  1  a  imitate fraudulently (a coin, handwriting, etc.); forge 仿造，伪造(货币、笔迹等)b  make an imitation of 仿制，仿造 2  simulate (feelings etc.) 假装，佯装(感情等)  counterfeited interest  假装感兴趣 3  resemble closely 非常相似，酷似 □ counterfeiter  n.   [Middle English via Old French countrefet, -fait, past part. of contrefaire, from Romanic (as CONTRA- + Latin facere ‘make’)]

counterfoil /ˈkaʊntəfɔil/ n. esp. Brit.  the part of a cheque, receipt, etc., retained by the person issuing it and containing details of the transaction [尤英] (支票、收据等的)存根，票根

counter-insurgency /kəʊnt(ə)rinˈsɜ:dzənsi/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  action against insurrection 反暴动的，反叛乱的  counter-insurgency operations  反叛乱的军事行动

counter-intelligence /kaʊnt(ə)rinˈtelidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  = COUNTER-ESPIONAGE 

counter-intuitive /kaʊnt(ə)rinˈtju:itiv/ adj.  contrary to intuition 反直觉的

counterirritant /kaʊnt(ə)rˈirit(ə)nt/ n.  1 Med.  something used to produce surface irritation of the skin, thereby counteracting more painful symptoms 【医】对抗刺激剂(用于产生皮肤表面刺激以减轻体内较重的疼痛症状) 2  anything resembling a counterirritant in its effects 对抗刺激物，减轻刺激的刺激 □ counterirritation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

countermand /kaʊntəˈmɑ:nd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  revoke (an order or command) 取消，撤销(已发出的命令)b  recall (forces etc.) by a contrary order 召回，下令撤回(部队等) 2  cancel an order for (goods etc.) 取消(订货单) ●n.  an order revoking a previous one 收回成命，撤销命令 [Middle English via Old French contremander from medieval Latin contramandare (as CONTRA-, mandare ‘order’)]

countermarch /ˈkaʊntəmɑ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr. esp. Mil.  march or cause to march in the opposite direction, e.g. with the front marchers turning and marching back through the ranks 【军】向后转行进，朝反方向行进 ●n.  an act of countermarching 向后转行进，反方向行进

countermeasure /ˈkaʊntəmeʒə/ n.  an action taken to counteract a danger, threat, etc. (对危险、威胁等的)反措施，对策

countermine /ˈkaʊntəmain/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  a mine dug to intercept another dug by an enemy (对付敌方所挖地道的)对抗地道b  a submarine mine sunk to explode an enemy's mines (用于炸毁敌方水雷的)反水雷水雷 2  a counterplot 对抗策略，反计 ●v. tr.  make a countermine against 挖对抗地道；布反水雷水雷；设反计对付

countermove /ˈkaʊntəmu:v/ n. & v. ●n.  a move or action in opposition to another 相反动作，对抗行动 ●v. intr.  make a countermove 采用相反行动，采取对抗行动 □ countermovement  n.  反向运动

counter-offensive /ˈkaʊnt(ə)rəfensiv/ n.  1 Mil.  an attack made from a defensive position in order to effect an escape 【军】反攻，反击 2  any attack made from a defensive position 反击战

counterpane /ˈkaʊntəpein/ n.  a bedspread 床罩 [alteration (with assimilation to pane in obsolete sense ‘cloth’) from obsolete counterpoint, via Old French contrepointe (alteration of cou(l)tepointe) from medieval Latin culcita puncta ‘quilted mattress’]

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t/ n.  1  a  a person or thing extremely like another 极相似的人(或物)b  a person or thing forming a natural complement or equivalent to another 合作对方，同行；对应物 2 Law  one of two copies of a legal document 【法律】(法律文件的)副本，复本

counterpart fund n.  a sum of money in a local currency equivalent to goods or services received from abroad 对等基金(与从国外收到的货物或服务同等价值的国内货币金额)

counterplot /ˈkaʊntəplɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  a plot intended to defeat another plot 反计，对抗策略 ●v. (-plotted, -plotting)  1 intr.  make a counterplot 设反计，将计就计 2 tr.  make a counterplot against 设反计对付

counterpoint /ˈkaʊntəpɔint/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  the art or technique of setting, writing, or playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules 对位声部，对位法；复调b  a melody played in conjunction with another 配合旋律 2  a contrasting argument, plot, idea, or literary theme, etc., used to set off the main element (论点、情节、文学等的)对比法 ●v. tr.  1 Mus.  add counterpoint to 【音】给(音乐)增添配合旋律 2  set (an argument, plot, etc.) in contrast to (a main element) 通过对比突出主题(即用论点、情节等的对比来衬托主题) [Old French contrepoint from medieval Latin contrapunctum ‘pricked or marked opposite’, i.e. to the original melody (as CONTRA-, pungere punct- ‘prick’)]

counterpoise /ˈkaʊntəpɔiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a force etc. equivalent to another on the opposite side 平衡力，抗衡力，抵消力 2  a state of equilibrium 均衡，平衡 3  a counterbalancing weight 衡重体，平衡锤，砝码 ●v. tr.  1  counterbalance 使均衡，抵消 2  compensate 补偿 3  bring into or keep in equilibrium 使平衡，使均衡 [Middle English from Old French contrepeis, -pois (n.), contrepeser (v.) (as COUNTER-, peis, pois from Latin pensum ‘weight’: cf. POISE1)]

counter-productive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktiv/ adj.  having the opposite of the desired effect 适得其反的；事与愿违的

counterpunch /ˈkaʊntəpʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a punch or attack given in return; a boxer's counter 反击，迎击；(拳击手的)回击 ●v. intr.  make a counterpunch or counterpunches 进行反击，作出回击 □ counterpuncher  n.  

counter-reformation /ˌkaʊntərefəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (作 Counter-Reformation) hist.  the reform of the Church of Rome in the 16th and 17th centuries which took place in response to the Protestant Reformation [史义]反宗教改革 (16 至 17 世纪天主教会对抗新教改革运动的各项活动) 2  a reformation running counter to another (针对某种改革的)反改革

counter-revolution /ˌkaʊntərevəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  a revolution opposing a former one or reversing its results 反革命 □ counter-revolutionary  adj. & n. (pl. -ies)  

counterscarp /ˈkaʊntəskɑ:p/ n. Mil.  the outer wall or slope of a ditch in a fortification 【军】(防御工事壕沟的)外护墙，外崖 [French contrescarpe from Italian contrascarpa (as CONTRA-, SCARP)]

countershaft /ˈkaʊntəʃɑ:ft/ n.  an intermediate shaft driven by a main shaft and transmitting motion to a particular machine etc. (由主轴驱动并把动力传输给机器的)副轴，中间轴

countersign /ˈkaʊntəsain/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  add a signature to (a document already signed by another) 副署，会签(文件等) 2  ratify 批准，认可，确认 ●n.  1  a watchword or password spoken to a person on guard 口令 2  a mark used for identification etc. (用于识别等的)暗号，应答信号 □ counter-signature  /-ˈsiɡnətʃə/ n.  副署，会签；副署人的签名 [French contresigner (v.), contresigne (n.), from Italian contrasegno (as COUNTER-, SIGN)]

countersink /ˈkaʊntəsiŋk/ v. tr. (past and past part. -sunk)  1  enlarge and bevel the rim of (a hole) so that a screw or bolt can be inserted flush with the surface 扩钻(孔端)成埋头孔 2  sink (a screw etc.) in such a hole 把(螺钉等)装入埋头孔

counterstroke /ˈkaʊntəstrəʊk/ n.  a blow given in return for another 反击，还击

counter-tenor /kaʊntəˈtenə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a  a male alto singing voice 男高音b  a singer with this voice 男高音歌手 2  a part written for counter-tenor 男高音唱段 [Middle English via French contre-teneur from obsolete Italian contratenore (as CONTRA-, TENOR)]

countertop /ˈkaʊntətɒp/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = WORKTOP 

counter-transference /kəʊntəˈtrænsf(ə)r(ə)ns, -ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n. Psychol. 【心】  1  the redirection of childhood emotions felt by an analyst towards a patient 反移情(指心理分析者所感受到的对病人童年情感的改变) 2  any emotion felt by an analyst towards a patient (心理分析者所感受到的对病人的)情感

countervail /kaʊntəˈveil/ v.  1 tr.  counterbalance 补偿，弥补 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  oppose forcefully and usu. successfully (通常指有力或成功地)对抗，抵消 [Middle English via Anglo-French contrevaloir from Latin contra valēre ‘be of worth against’]

countervailing duty n.  a tax put on imports to offset a subsidy in the exporting country or a tax on similar goods not from abroad 抵消关税，反补贴税(指对进口商品征收附加税以抵消出口国家的补贴，或者是对本国同类商品所征收的税)

countervalue /ˈkaʊntəvælju:/ n. Brit.  an equivalent value, esp. in military strategy [英]等值；(尤指军事战略上)打击社会财富

counterweight /ˈkaʊntəweit/ n.  a counterbalancing weight 平衡重，平衡锤，砝码

countess /ˈkaʊntis/ n.  1  the wife or widow of a count or an earl 伯爵夫人，伯爵遗孀 2  a woman holding the rank of count or earl 女伯爵 [Middle English via Old French contesse, cuntesse from Late Latin comitissa, fem. of comes COUNT2]

counting house /ˈkaʊntiŋ/ n.  a place where accounts are kept 会计室，账房

countless /ˈkaʊntlis/ adj.  too many to be counted 无数的，多得数不清的

count noun n. Gram. 【语法】  = COUNTABLE NOUN 

Count Palatine n. hist.  a high official of the Holy Roman Empire with royal authority within his domain [史义] (神圣罗马帝国时在领地内享有王权的)领主，伯爵

countrified /ˈkʌntrifaid/ adj. (also 亦作 countryfied) often derog.  rural or rustic, esp. of manners, appearance, etc. [常贬] (尤指举止、外表等)土里土气的，粗俗的 [past part. of countrify, from COUNTRY]

country /ˈkʌntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the territory of a nation with its own government; a state 国土，领土b  a territory possessing its own language, people, culture, etc. 国，国家 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  rural districts as opposed to towns or the capital 乡下，乡村，农村  a cottage in the country  乡间别墅 a country town  乡村小镇 3  the land of a person's birth or citizenship; a fatherland or motherland 祖国；故土，故乡，家乡 4  a  a territory, esp. an area of interest or knowledge (尤指兴趣或知识的)领域，范围b  a region associated with a particular person, esp. a writer (与名人、尤指作家有关的)区域，故乡  Hardy country  哈代笔下描写的地区 5  a national population, esp. as voters 全国人民，民众，(尤指)选民  the country won't stand for it  全国人民不会容忍这件事情的 □ across country   not keeping to roads 穿越田野□ go (or appeal) to the country  Brit.  test public opinion by dissolving Parliament and holding a general election [英] (为解散议会、举行大选)进行民意测验□ in the country  Cricket slang  far from the wickets; in the deep field 【板球】[俚语]远离三柱门□ line of country  Brit.  a subject about which a person is knowledgeable [英] (某人)所熟悉的学科□ unknown country   an unfamiliar place or topic 陌生的地方；不熟悉的领域 [Middle English via Old French cuntree from medieval Latin contrata(terra) ‘(land) lying opposite’ (as CONTRA)]

country and western n.  rural or cowboy songs originating in the US, and usu. accompanied by a guitar etc. 乡村与西部歌曲(源于美国南部及西部地区的一种流行歌曲，通常用吉它等伴奏)

country club n.  a sporting and social club in a rural setting 乡村(体育或社交)俱乐部

country cousin n. often derog.  a person with a countrified appearance or manners [常贬]乡巴佬，乡下人

country dance n.  a traditional sort of dance, esp. English, with couples facing each other in long lines 乡村舞(尤指源于英国的传统舞蹈，舞伴们排成两排对舞)

countryfied var.  of COUNTRIFIED  COUNTRIFIED 的变体

country gentleman n.  a gentleman with landed property 乡绅

country house n.  a usu. large house in the country, often the seat of a country gentleman 乡间别墅，乡间邸宅(常为乡绅之住所)

countryman /ˈkʌntrimən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. countrywoman, pl. -women)  1  a person living in a rural area 乡下人，农民 2  a (also 亦作 fellow countryman)  a person of one's own country or district 同胞，同国人；同乡b (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person from a specified country or district 某地人；某国人  north-countryman  北方人

country music n.  = COUNTRY AND WESTERN 

country party n. Brit.  a political party supporting agricultural interests [英]乡村党，农民党(代表农业利益的政党)

country rock n.  1  rock which encloses a mineral deposit or an igneous intrusion (矿床的)围岩；火成岩侵入岩浆 2  a blend of rock music with country and western 乡村摇滚音乐

country seat n.  a large country house belonging to an aristocratic family (贵族家庭的)乡间邸宅，庄园

countryside /ˈkʌntrisaid/ n.  1  a  a rural area 农村地区b  rural areas in general 农村，乡下 2  the inhabitants of a rural area 农村地区的居民

countrywoman  see 见 COUNTRYMAN 

county /ˈkaʊnti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a territorial division of some countries, forming the chief unit of local administration 郡，县(一些国家主要的地方行政区)b US  a political and administrative division of a state [美]县(州以下的行政区) 2 often iron.  the people of a county, esp. the leading families [常讽]全郡(县)居民(尤指士绅家庭的居民) ●adj. Brit.  having the social status or characteristics of county families [英]有士绅家庭地位(或特点)的 [Middle English via Anglo-French counté, Old French conté, cunté, from Latin comitatus (as COUNT2)]

county borough n. Brit. hist.  a large borough ranking as a county for administrative purposes [英史义] (英格兰、威尔士、爱尔兰等地的)郡级区

county corporate n. Brit. hist.  a city or town ranking as an administrative county [英史义]郡级市镇

county council n.  the elected governing body of an administrative county 郡政务会 □ county councillor  n.  郡政务会委员

county court n.  a judicial court for civil cases (in the US for civil and criminal cases) (英国)郡法院，地方法院(受理民事案件)；(美国)县法院(受理民事、刑事案件)

county cricket n. Brit.  cricket matches between teams representing counties [英]郡县级板球赛

county family n. Brit.  an aristocratic family with an ancestral seat in a county [英]郡中世家

County Palatine n. hist.  the territory of a Count or Earl Palatine [史义] (享有王权伯爵的)领地

county school n. (in the UK) a school that is established and funded by the local education authority (英国)郡立学校，地方学校

county town n. (US [美] county seat)  the administrative capital of a county 郡(或县)政府所在地，郡(或县)首府，县城

coup /ku:/ n. (pl. coups /ku:z/)  1  a notable or successful stroke or move 巧妙的行动，成功的一举 2  = COUPD'ÉTAT  3 Billiards  a direct pocketing of the ball 【台球】主球径自入袋 [French from medieval Latin colpus ‘blow’: see COPE1]

coup de foudre /ku: də ˈfu:dr(ə), 法 ku də fudr/ n. (pl. coups de foudre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a sudden unforeseen event 突发事件，意外事件 2  love at first sight 一见钟情 [French, literally ‘stroke of lightning’]

coup de grɑˆce /ku: də ˈɡrɑ:s, 法 ku də ɡras/ n. (pl. coups de grɑˆce pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a finishing stroke, esp. to kill a wounded animal or person 最后的一举，(尤指为结束垂死时的痛苦而给予的)慈悲的一击 [French, literally ‘stroke of grace’]

coup de main /ku: də ˈmã, 法 ku də mɛ˜/ n. (pl. coups de main pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a sudden vigorous attack 突击，奇袭 [French, literally ‘stroke of hand’]

coup d'état /ku: deiˈtɑ:, 法 ku deta/ n. (pl. coups d'état pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a violent or illegal seizure of power 政变 [French, literally ‘blow of State’]

coup d'œil /ku: ˈdɔi, 法 ku dœj/ n. (pl. coups d'œil pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a comprehensive glance 浏览，扫视 2  a general view 综观，一览 [French, literally ‘stroke of eye’]

coupe /ku:p/ n.  1  a shallow glass or dish used for serving fruit, ice cream, etc. (装水果、冰淇淋等的)浅玻璃杯，盘碟 2  fruit, ice cream, etc. served in this (用浅玻璃杯、盘碟等端上的)水果，冰淇淋 [French, = goblet]

couple /ˈkʌp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of; often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a  two 两个，一对，一双  a couple of girls  两个女孩b  about two 两三个，几个，一些  a couple of hours  几个小时 2 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a  a married, engaged, or similar pair 夫妻，情侣b  a pair of partners in a dance, a game, etc. 一对舞伴；(游戏中的)一对伙伴c  a pair of rafters (建筑的)对椽 3 (pl. couple)  a pair of hunting dogs 一对猎狗  six couple of hounds  六对猎狗 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of joined collars used for holding hounds together (将猎狗系在一起的)一对颈圈 5 Mech.  a pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them 【机】力偶(指作用在物体上的两个大小相等、方向相反而且不在一直线上的力。力偶能够使物体旋转) ●v.  1 tr.  fasten or link together; connect (esp. railway carriages) 连接，结合，(尤指火车车厢)挂接 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together, with)  associate in thought or speech 联想；把…联系起来  papers coupled their names  报纸上把他们的名字联系在一起 couple our congratulations with our best wishes  献上我们的祝贺及良好祝愿 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, up (with))  bring or come together as companions or partners 成对，结伴 4 intr.  copulate 性交；(动物)交配 5 tr. Physics  connect (oscillators) with a coupling 【物理学】将(振荡器)耦合 [Middle English via Old French cople, cuple, copler, cupler from Latin copulare, Latin COPULA]

coupler /ˈkʌplə/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a device in an organ for connecting two manuals, or a manual with pedals, so that they both sound when only one is played (风琴的)联键音栓b (also 亦作 octave coupler)  a similar device for connecting notes with their octaves above or below (管风琴的)八度联键音栓 2  anything that connects two things, esp. a transformer used for connecting electric circuits 耦合器(尤指变压器)

couplet /ˈkʌplit/ n. Prosody  two successive lines of verse, usu. rhyming and of the same length 【诗体】对句(通常指两行尾韵相谐、字数相同的诗句) [French, diminutive of couple COUPLE]

coupling /ˈkʌpliŋ/ n.  1  a  a link connecting railway carriages etc. (连接火车等的)车钩，挂钩b  a device for connecting parts of machinery (机器部件的)耦接头，连接器，联合器 2 Physics  a connection between two systems, causing one to oscillate when the other does so 【物理学】耦合 3 Mus.  a  the arrangement of items on a gramophone record 【音】(唱片上的)节目编排b  each such item (唱片上编排的)节目

coupon /ˈku:pɒn/ n.  1  a form in a newspaper, magazine, etc., which may be filled in and sent as an application for a purchase, information, etc. (剪自报刊的)订购单，索取信息单 2 Brit.  an entry form for a football pool or other competition [英] (足球及其他比赛的)彩票 3  a voucher given with a retail purchase, a certain number of which entitle the holder to a discount etc. 购物优待券 4  a  a detachable ticket entitling the holder to a ration of food, clothes, etc., esp. in wartime (尤指战时食品、衣物等的)配给券b  a similar ticket entitling the holder to payment, goods, services, etc. (付款、货物、服务等的)票证，票券 [French, = piece cut off, from couper ‘cut’: see COUPÉ]

coupé /ˈku:pei/ n. (US [美] coupe /ku:p/)  1  a car with a hard roof, esp. one with two seats and a sloping rear (尤指斜背双座)小轿车 2 hist.  a four-wheeled enclosed carriage for two passengers and a driver [史义]双座四轮轿式马车 [French, past part. of couper ‘cut’ (formed as COUP)]

courage /ˈkʌridʒ/ n.  the ability to disregard fear; bravery 勇气，胆量，勇敢，无畏 □ have the courage of one's convictions   have the courage to act on one's beliefs 敢于按照自己的信念去做□ lose courage   become less brave 丧失勇气□ pluck up (or take) courage   muster one's courage 鼓起勇气□ take one's courage in both hands   nerve oneself to a venture 鼓起勇气，敢作敢为 [Middle English via Old French corage from Latin cor ‘heart’]

courageous /kəˈreidʒəs/ adj.  brave, fearless 勇敢的，无畏的 □ courageously  adv.  □ courageousness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French corageous, Old French corageus (as COURAGE)]

courante /kʊˈrɒ˜(n)t, -rɑ:nt/ n.  1 hist.  a running or gliding dance [史义]库兰特舞 2 Mus.  the music used for this, esp. as a movement of a suite 【音】库兰特舞曲(尤指组曲的一个乐章) [French, fem. pres. part. (used as a noun) of courir ‘run’, from Latin currere]

courgette /kʊəˈʒet/ n. Brit.  a small green variety of vegetable marrow Also called 亦称作 ZUCCHINI [英] (绿皮)密生西葫芦；笋瓜 [French, diminutive of courge ‘gourd’]

courier /ˈkʊriə/ n.  1  a person employed, usu. by a travel company, to guide and assist a group of tourists (通常由旅行社雇佣的)旅游服务员，导游 2  a special messenger 信使；情报员 [Middle English via French from Italian corriere, and from Old French coreor, both from Latin currere ‘run’]

course /kɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a continuous onward movement or progression 进展，进程，过程 2  a  a line along which a person or thing moves; a direction taken 道路，路线；行动方向  has changed course  改变了行动路线 the course of the winding river  弯弯曲曲的河道b  a correct or intended direction or line of movement 正确方向；预定路线c  the direction taken by a ship or aircraft (轮船、飞机等的)航向，航道 3  a  the ground on which a race (or other sport involving extensive linear movement) takes place (径赛或其他运动的)跑道b  a series of fences, hurdles, or other obstacles to be crossed in a race etc. (径赛上的)障碍物 4  a  a series of lectures, lessons, etc., in a particular subject 课程，讲座b  a book for such a course 教程，教科书  A Modern French Course  现代法语教程 5  any of the successive parts of a meal (一)道(菜) 6 Med.  a sequence of medical treatment etc. 【医】(一连串治疗等的)疗程  prescribed a course of antibiotics  开了一个疗程的抗菌素 7  a line of conduct 行动方针；行为，做法  disappointed by the course he took  对他的做法感到失望 8 Archit.  a continuous horizontal layer of brick, stone, etc., in a building 【建】(建筑物砖、石等的)一层 9  a channel in which water flows 水道，渠道 10  the pursuit of game (esp. hares) with hounds, esp. greyhounds, by sight rather than scent 追踪狩猎(尤指猎犬追逐野兔) 11 Naut.  a sail on a square-rigged ship 【海】(横帆船上的)帆  fore course  前桅主帆 main course  主桅主帆 ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of liquid) run, esp. fast (尤指液体)迅速流动  blood coursed through his veins  血液迅速地在他的静脉中流动 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  use (hounds) to hunt 用(猎犬)追踪狩猎b  pursue (hares etc.) in hunting 追踪(野兔等) □ the course of nature   ordinary events or procedure 通常情况，常规□ in course of   in the process of 在…的过程中□ in the course of   during 在…期间，在…过程中□ in the course of time   as time goes by; eventually 随着时间的推移；最终；终于□ of course   naturally; as is or was to be expected; admittedly 自然；当然；诚然□ on (or off) course   following (or deviating from) the desired direction or goal 沿着(或偏离)正确的方向□ run (or take) its course  (esp. of an illness) complete its natural development (尤指疾病)自然地发展，持续到自然结束□ courser  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English via Old French cours from Latin cursus, from currere curs- ‘run’]

coursebook /ˈkɔ:sbʊk/ n.  a book designed for use on a particular course of study 教科书，课本

courser1 /ˈkɔ:sə/ n. poet.  a swift horse [诗]骏马，战马 [Middle English via Old French corsier from Romanic]

courser2 /ˈkɔ:sə/ n.  any fast-running plover-like bird of the genus Cursorius, native to Africa and Asia, having long legs and a slender bill 走鸻属鸟类(长腿细喙，行走迅速，原产于非洲和亚洲) [Late Latin cursorius ‘adapted for running’]

coursework /ˈkɔ:swɜ:k/ n.  the work done during a course of study, esp. when counting towards a student's final assessment (尤指用于结业评价的)课程作业

court /kɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 court of law)  a  a body of persons presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal cases 法院，法庭b  = COURTROOM  2  a  an enclosed quadrangular area for games, which may be open or covered (四周有围栏的)比赛场地  tennis court  网球场 squash court  单打式墙网球场b  an area marked out for tennis etc. 网球场  hit the ball out of court  击球出界 3  a  a small enclosed street in a town, having a yard surrounded by houses, and adjoining a larger street (三面有房的)短街，死巷b Brit. [英]  = COURTYARD c (作 Court)  the name of a large house, block of flats, street, etc. 大楼；宅第；大街(用作大楼或宅第名称的一部分)  Grosvenor Court  格罗夫纳大楼d (at Cambridge University) a college quadrangle (剑桥大学院内的)四方院子e  a subdivision of a building, usu. a large hall extending to the ceiling with galleries and staircases (楼房建筑中的)厅，馆 4  a  the establishment, retinue, and courtiers of a sovereign (主权国家的)王室，王宫；朝臣；侍臣b  a sovereign and his or her councillors, constituting a ruling power 朝廷，宫廷c  a sovereign's residence 王宫，宫室d  an assembly held by a sovereign; a state reception 御前会议；(君主的)召见 5  attention paid to a person whose favour, love, or interest is sought 殷勤，奉承；追求，求婚  paid court to her  向她献殷勤；向她求婚 6  a  the qualified members of a company or a corporation 董事会，理事会b Brit. (in some Friendly Societies) a local branch [英] (互济会、互助会等的)分会c  a meeting of a court 董事会会议 ●v. tr.  1  a  try to win the affection or favour of (a person) 奉承(某人)，向(某人)献殷勤b  pay amorous attention to 求爱，求婚 also absol. [亦含宾]: courting couples  谈情说爱的男女 2  seek to win (applause, fame, etc.) 寻求，追求(赞扬、名望等) 3  invite (misfortune) by one's actions 招致，招惹(噩运、灾祸)  you are courting disaster  你这是在招惹祸端 □ go to court   take legal action 上法庭，打官司□ in court   appearing as a party or an advocate in a court of law (诉讼当事人或辩护律师)出庭□ out of court   1 (of a plaintiff) not entitled to be heard (原告)被驳回 2 (of a settlement) arranged before a hearing or judgement can take place (不经法院的)私了和解 3  not worthy of consideration 不值得考虑  that suggestion is out of court  那个建议不值得考虑 [Middle English from Anglo-French curt, Old French cort, ultimately from Latin cohors, -hortis ‘yard, retinue’: the verb influenced by Old Italian corteare, Old French courtoyer]

court bouillon /kɔ:t ˈbu:jɒn, 法 kur bujɔ˜/ n.  stock usu. made from wine, vegetables, etc., often used in fish dishes (用酒和蔬菜等配制的)煮鱼汤料 [French from court ‘short’ + BOUILLON]

court card n. Brit.  a playing card that is a king, queen, or jack [英]花牌，人头牌(纸牌中的 K 、 Q 、 J) [originally coat card, from the decorative dress of the figures depicted]

court circular n. Brit.  a daily report of royal court affairs, published in some newspapers [英] (报刊上刊登的)宫廷日常活动公报

court dress n.  formal dress worn at a royal court 宫廷礼服，朝服

courteous /ˈkɜ:tjəs/ adj.  polite, kind, or considerate in manner; well-mannered 有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的；殷勤的 □ courteously  adv.  □ courteousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French corteis, curteis from Romanic (as COURT) : assimilated to words ending in -OUS]

courtesan /kɔ:tiˈzæn/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  a prostitute, esp. one with wealthy or upper-class clients (尤指与达官显贵周旋的)高级妓女，交际花 2  the mistress of a wealthy man (富豪的)情妇 [French courtisane from Italian cortigiana, fem. of cortigiano ‘courtier’, from corte COURT]

courtesy /ˈkɜ:tisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  courteous behaviour; good manners 谦恭有礼；殷勤 2  a courteous act 礼貌的举止 3 archaic [古义]  = CURTSY  □ by courtesy   by favour, not by right 出于礼貌，出于好意□ by courtesy of   with the formal permission of (a person etc.) 承蒙…的准许 [Middle English from Old French curtesie, co(u)rtesie, from curteis etc. COURTEOUS]

courtesy light n.  a light in a car that is switched on by opening a door 礼貌灯(一打开车门就亮的车内照明灯)

courtesy title n.  a title held by courtesy, usu. having no legal validity, e.g. a title given to the heir of a duke etc. 礼节上的尊称；(无法律效力的)爵号

courthouse /ˈkɔ:thaʊs/ n.  1  a building in which a judicial court is held 法院大楼 2 US  a building containing the administrative offices of a county [美]县政府大楼

courtier /ˈkɔ:tiə/ n.  a person who attends or frequents a sovereign's court 朝臣，廷臣，侍臣 [Middle English via Anglo-French courte(i)our, from Old French, from cortoyer ‘be present at court’]

Court leet  see 见 LEET1 1 

courtly /ˈkɔ:tli/ adj. (courtlier, courtliest)  1  polished or refined in manners 典雅的；有礼貌的；有教养的 2  obsequious 奉承的，拍马的 3  punctilious 审慎的；拘谨的 □ courtliness  n.   [COURT]

courtly love n.  the conventional medieval tradition of knightly love for a lady, and the etiquette used in its (esp. literary) expression 典雅爱情(中世纪的一种骑士爱情观念以及表达礼仪)

court martial /kɔ:t ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. courts martial)  a judicial court for trying members of the armed services 军事法庭 ●v. tr. (作 court-martial) (-martialled, -martialling; US [美] -martialed, -martialing)  try by a court martial 受军事法庭审判，以军法审判

Court of Appeal n. (US [美] Court of appeals)  a court of law hearing appeals against judgements in the Crown Court, High Court, County Court, etc. (受理不服刑事法庭、高等法院、县法院等判决的)上诉法庭

court of first instance n.  a court of primary jurisdiction 初审法院，第一审法庭，预审庭

court of law  see 见 COURT n. 1 

Court of Protection n. (in the UK) the department of the Supreme Court attending to the affairs of the mentally unfit (英国)保护(智力不健全者)法庭

court of record n.  a court whose proceedings are recorded and available as evidence of fact 记录法院(指保存其司法程序记录并留作永久性司法依据的法院)

court of review n.  a court before which sentences etc. come for revision 复审法院

Court of Session n.  the supreme civil court in Scotland (苏格兰)最高民事法院

Court of St James's n.  the British sovereign's court 英国宫廷

court of summary jurisdiction n. Brit.  a court having the authority to use summary proceedings and arrive at a judgement or conviction [英]简易审判法院(指可使用简易程序审判权限的法院)

court order n.  a direction issued by a court or a judge, usu. requiring a person to do or not do something 法院指令，庭谕

court plaster n. Brit. hist.  sticking plaster for cuts etc. [英史义] (敷贴小伤口等的)橡皮膏 [formerly used by ladies at court for face-patches]

court roll n. Brit. hist.  a manorial court register of holdings [英史义] (领地法庭的)租佃登录册

courtroom /ˈkɔ:tru:m, -rʊm/ n.  the place or room in which a court of law meets 法庭，审判室

courtship /ˈkɔ:tʃip/ n.  1  a  courting with a view to marriage 求婚，求爱b  the courting behaviour of male animals, birds, etc. (雄性动物、鸟类等的)求偶c  a period of courting 求爱期，求偶期 2  an attempt, often protracted, to gain advantage by flattery, attention, etc. (长时间的)奉承，取悦

court shoe n. Brit.  a woman's light, usu. high-heeled, shoe with a low-cut upper [英] (女式)船形高跟浅帮鞋

court tennis n. N. Amer.  real tennis [北美]庭院网球

courtyard /ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d/ n.  an area enclosed by walls or buildings, often opening off a street 庭院，院子；天井

couscous /ˈkʊskʊs, ˈku:sku:s/ n.  1  a type of N. African semolina in granules made from crushed durum wheat 蒸粗麦粉(北非的一种用硬粒小麦加工的粗面粉食品) 2  a spicy dish of this, usu. with meat or fruit added (加肉或水果的)蒸粗麦粉 [French from Arabic kuskus, from kaskasa ‘to pound’]

cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ n.  1 (also 亦作 first cousin, cousin german (pl. cousins german))  a child of one's uncle or aunt 堂兄弟(姐妹)，表兄弟(姐妹) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  applied to the people of kindred races or nations 兄弟民族(或国家)的人  our American cousins  我们的美国兄弟 3 hist.  a title formerly used by a sovereign in addressing another sovereign or a noble of his or her own country [史义]卿(君主之间或君主对上层贵族的称呼) □ first cousin once removed   1  a child of one's first cousin 堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女 2  one's parent's first cousin (父母的)堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ first cousin twice removed   1  a grandchild of one's first cousin 堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的孙子孙女(或外孙、外孙女) 2  one's grandparent's first cousin 祖父母的堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ second cousin   a child of one's parent's first cousin 远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹(指父母的堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女)□ second cousin once removed   1  a child of one's second cousin 远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女 2  one's parent's second cousin 父母的远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹□ third cousin   a child of one's parent's second cousin 父母的远房堂(或表)兄弟姐妹的子女□ cousinhood  n.  □ cousinly  adj.  □ cousinship  n.   [Middle English via Old French cosin, cusin, from Latin consobrinus ‘mother's sister's child’]

couth /ku:θ/ adj. joc.  cultured; well-mannered [诙]温文尔雅的；有教养的；有礼貌的 [back-formation as antonym of UNCOUTH]

couture /ku:ˈtjʊə/ n.  the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes; = HAUTE COUTURE 女式时装设计(缝制)；女式时装业 [French, = sewing, dressmaking]

couturier /ku:ˈtjʊəriei/ n. (fem. couturière /-riˈɛə/)  a fashion designer or dressmaker 女式时装设计师，女式时装裁缝 [French]

couvade /ku:ˈvɑ:d/ n.  a custom in some cultures by which a man takes to his bed and goes through certain rituals when his child is being born 拟娩(一些文化中的习俗，当妻子分娩时，丈夫也卧床并行禁食等仪式) [French, via couver ‘hatch’ from Latin cubare ‘lie down’]

couvert /ku:ˈvɛə/ n.  = COVERn. 6  [French]

couverture /ˈku:vətjʊə/ n. Brit.  chocolate for covering sweets, cakes, etc. [英] (糖果、点心等表面的)巧克力层 [French, = covering]

Couéism /ˈku:eiiz(ə)m/ n.  a system of psychotherapy using usu. optimistic auto-suggestion 库埃法，自我暗示心理疗法 [named after E. Coué, French psychologist d. 1926]

covalency /kəʊˈveil(ə)nsi/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  the linking of atoms by a covalent bond (原子间的)共价 2  the number of pairs of electrons an atom can share with another (原子间的)共用电子对数

covalent /kəʊˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  relating to, designating, or characterized by chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons, usu. in pairs, by two atoms in a molecule 【化】共价键的 □ covalence  n.  □ covalently  adv.   [CO- + valent, on the pattern of trivalent etc.]

cove1 /kəʊv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small, esp. sheltered, bay or creek (尤指有遮蔽的)小海湾，小湾，小港 2  a sheltered recess 幽深处，隐蔽处 3 Archit.  a concave arch or arched moulding, esp. one formed at the junction of a wall with a ceiling 【建】(尤指墙壁与天花板连接处的)凹圆线脚 ●v. tr. Archit. 【建】  1  provide (a room, ceiling, etc.) with a cove 为(房间、天花板等)装凹圆线脚 2  slope (the sides of a fireplace) inwards 使(壁炉内侧)内凹 [Old English cofa ‘chamber’, from Germanic]

cove2 /kəʊv/ n. Brit. slang  a fellow; a chap [英] [俚语]家伙，汉子；小伙子 [16th-c.: perhaps from Romany kova ‘thing, person’]

coven /ˈkʌv(ə)n/ n.  a group of witches 女巫的聚会，女巫团 [variant of covent; see CONVENT]

covenant /ˈkʌv(ə)nənt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an agreement; a contract 盟约，契约；合同 2 Law 【法律】  a  a contract drawn up under a seal, esp. undertaking to make regular payments to a charity 盖印契约(尤指向慈善事业定期捐款的契约)b  a clause of a covenant 契约条款 3 (作 Covenant) Bibl.  the agreement between God and the Israelites (see 见 ARK OF THE COVENANT) 【圣经】(上帝与古犹太人所立的)圣约 ●v. tr. & intr.  agree, esp. by legal covenant 订立盟约(尤指立约承诺) □ covenantal  /-ˈnænt(ə)l/ adj.  □ covenantor  n. (also 亦作 covenanter)   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of co(n)venir, formed as CONVENE]

covenanted /ˈkʌv(ə)nəntid/ adj.  bound by a covenant 受盟约(或契约)约束的

covenanter /ˈkʌv(ə)nəntə/ n.  1 var.  of COVENANTOR (see 见 COVENANT) COVENANTOR 的变体 2 /also 亦作 kʌvəˈnæntə/ (作 Covenanter) hist.  an adherent of the National Covenant of the Solemn League and Covenant in 17th-c. Scotland, in support of Presbyterianism [史义] (17 世纪苏格兰拥护长老制的)国民誓约(或神圣盟约)拥护者

Coventry /ˈkɒv(ə)ntri, ˈkʌv-/ n.   □ send a person to Coventry  esp. Brit.  refuse to associate with or speak to a person [尤英]拒绝与某人交往(交谈) [Coventry, a city in the W. Midlands: origin of the phrase uncertain]

cover /ˈkʌvə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  protect or conceal by means of a cloth, lid, etc. (用布、盖等)保护；掩护，掩蔽 2  a  extend over; occupy the whole surface of 盖，铺盖，覆盖  covered in dirt  被尘土所覆盖 covered with writing  写满了字b (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  strew thickly or thoroughly 撒满  covered the floor with straw  在地板上撒满稻草c  lie over; be a covering to 位于…上；盖在…上  the blanket scarcely covered him  那毯子几乎没盖在他身上 3  a  protect; clothe 保护；给…穿衣，以衣蔽体b (as 作 covered adj.)  wearing a hat; having a roof 戴帽子的；有顶子的 4  include; comprise; deal with 包括；涉及；论及  the talk covered recent discoveries  演讲中论及了最近的一些新发现 5  travel (a specified distance) 行，行走(一段路程)  covered sixty miles  走了 60 英里 6 Journalism 【新闻学】  a  report (events, a meeting, etc.) 报道，采访(事件、会议等)b  investigate as a reporter (记者)调查 7  be enough to defray (expenses, a bill, etc.) 足以支付(费用、账单等)  £ 20 should cover it  20 英镑足以支付这项开支 8  a refl.  take precautionary measures so as to protect oneself 采取预防措施(以保护自己)，打掩护，找借口  had covered myself by saying I might be late  (我)说我有可能会迟到，为自己打了掩护b (absol. [含宾]; foll. by 后跟 for)  deputize or stand in for (a colleague etc.) 顶替，代替(同事等)  will you cover for me?  你替我一下好吗？ 9 Mil.  a  aim a gun etc. at 【军】(用枪等)瞄准，对准b (of a fortress, guns, etc.) command (a territory) (要塞等)控制(某个范围)；(枪炮等)射程达到c  stand behind (a person in the front rank) 接应(前排的人)d  protect (an exposed person etc.) by being able to return fire (用火力)掩护(已暴露的人等) 10  a esp. Cricket  stand behind (another player) to stop any missed balls (尤)【板球】补接(前排队员漏接的球)b (in team games) mark (a corresponding player of the other side) (球赛等)盯防(对方队员) 11 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (in some card games) play a card higher than (one already played to the same trick) 压牌(指用较大的牌压倒对方的出牌) 12  make a cover version of (a song etc.) 转录(歌曲等) 13 (of a stallion, a bull, etc.) copulate with (种牡马、公牛等)与(雌性)交配 ●n.  1  something that covers or protects esp. 尤指 : 覆盖物，掩蔽物，保护物a  a lid 盖子b  the binding of a book (书的)封皮，书皮c  either board of this (书的)书壳d  an envelope or the wrapper of a parcel 信封；(邮件的)封套  under separate cover  在单独的函件内e  the outer case of a pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎的)外胎f (in pl. 用复数)  bedclothes 床罩，床单 2  a hiding place; a shelter 隐蔽处；躲避处；藏身处 3  woods or undergrowth sheltering game or covering the ground (cf. 参见 COVERT n. 1) 覆盖植物(指供猎物藏身或覆盖地表的树木或灌木) 4  a  a pretence; a screen 借口，托辞  under cover of humility  以人性为托辞，打着人性的幌子b  a spy's pretended identity or activity, intended as concealment (间谍的)假身份c Mil.  a supporting force protecting an advance party from attack 【军】(保护前进部队不受攻击的)掩护部队 5 Brit. [英]  a  funds, esp. obtained by insurance, to meet a liability or secure against a contingent loss (尤指履行某种责任或防止意外损失的)保证金，保险金b  the state of being so protected (责任或意外损失的)保险  third-party cover  第三方保险 6  a place setting at table, esp. in a restaurant (尤指饭店餐桌上为一人摆放的)全套餐具 7 Cricket 【板球】  = COVER POINT  8 (in full 全称 cover version)  a recording of a previously recorded song etc., made esp. to take advantage of the original's success (歌曲等的)转录制品 □ break cover  (of an animal, esp. game, or a hunted person) leave a place of shelter, esp. vegetation (猎物或人)从隐蔽处出来□ cover in   provide with a roof etc. 封盖，给…装顶盖□ cover one's tracks   conceal evidence of what one has done 掩盖行踪，隐藏所做事情的痕迹□ cover up   1  completely cover or conceal 完全盖住，遮住 2  conceal (circumstances etc., esp. illicitly) 掩盖，掩饰(尤指非法行为) also absol. [亦含宾]: refused to cover up for them  拒绝替他们掩饰□ from cover to cover   from beginning to end of a book etc. 从封面到封底；从头至尾□ take cover   use a natural or prepared shelter against an attack 隐蔽□ coverable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French covrir, cuvrir from Latin cooperire (as CO-, operire opert- ‘cover’)]

coverage /ˈkʌv(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  an area or an amount covered 覆盖范围；覆盖量 2 Journalism  the amount of media publicity received by a particular story, person, etc. 【新闻学】(对某人或某事的)新闻报道；新闻报道量 3  a risk covered by an insurance policy (保险单的)承保范围 4  an area reached by a particular broadcasting station or advertising medium (电台、电视台的)覆盖度；(广告的)可达范围

coverall /ˈkʌvərɔ:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  something that covers entirely 罩子，套子 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a full-length protective outer garment often zipped up the front (衣裤相连的)工作服 ●attrib. adj.  covering entirely 完全覆盖的，包罗万象的  a coverall term  一个包罗万象的术语

cover charge n.  an extra charge levied per head in a restaurant, nightclub, etc. (饭店、夜总会等按人头额外加收的)服务费

cover crop n.  a crop grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil (指护田、肥田的)覆盖作物

cover drive n. Cricket  a drive past cover point 【板球】(将球击向外场防守位置的)外场挥击

cover girl n.  a female model whose picture appears on magazine covers etc. (杂志的)封面女郎

covering /ˈkʌv(ə)riŋ/ n.  something that covers, esp. a bedspread, blanket, etc., or clothing 覆盖物(尤指床单、毯子等或衣服)

covering letter n. (also 亦作 covering note)  an explanatory letter (or note) sent with an enclosure (附在公文、包裹内作为说明的)附言，附信

coverlet /ˈkʌvəlit/ n.  a bedspread 床单，床罩 [Middle English via Anglo-French covrelet, -lit from Old French covrir ‘cover’ + lit ‘bed’]

cover letter n. N. Amer. [北美]  = COVERING LETTER 

cover note n. Brit.  a temporary certificate of current insurance [英]暂保单，承色条

cover point n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielding position on the off side and halfway to the boundary (距击球员较远的偏右前方)外场防守位置 2  a fielder at this position 外场防守队员

cover slip n.  a small thin piece of glass used to protect a microscope specimen (显微镜切片的)玻璃盖片

cover story n.  a news story in a magazine, that is illustrated or advertised on the front cover 封面故事(指杂志中与封面图片有关的报道)

covert adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈkʌvət, ˈkəʊvɜ:t/  secret or disguised 秘密的；隐藏的；伪装的  a covert glance  偷偷地瞥一眼 covert operations  秘密的军事行动 ●n. /ˈkʌvət, ˈkʌvə/  1  a shelter, esp. a thicket hiding game (尤指在灌木丛中玩捉迷藏游戏的)掩蔽处，隐蔽所 2  a feather covering the base of a bird's flight feather 覆羽(覆盖在鸟的飞羽基部的羽毛) □ covertly  adv.  □ covertness  n.   [Middle English from Old French covert, past part. of covrir COVER]

covert coat /ˈkʌvət, ˈkʌvə/ n. Brit.  a short light overcoat worn for shooting, riding, etc. [英] (骑马、射击等穿的)轻皮短外套

coverture /ˈkʌvətjʊə/ n.  1  covering; shelter 掩蔽处，隐蔽处；庇护所 2 Law hist.  the position of a married woman, considered to be under her husband's protection 【法律】[史义] (已婚妇女)受丈夫保护的地位 [Middle English from Old French (as COVERT)]

cover-up n.  an act of concealing circumstances, esp. illicitly (尤指非法的)掩盖，掩饰

cover version  see 见 COVER n. 8 

covet /ˈkʌvit/ v. tr. (coveted, coveting)  desire greatly (esp. something belonging to another person) 贪求，垂涎，觊觎(尤指属于别人的东西)  coveted her friend's earrings  觊觎她朋友的耳环 □ covetable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French cu-, coveitier from Romanic: related to CUPIDITY]

covetous /ˈkʌvitəs/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  greatly desirous (esp. of another person's property) (尤指对他人财物)垂涎的，贪求的 2  grasping, avaricious 吝啬的，贪婪的 □ covetously  adv.  □ covetousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French coveitous from Gallo-Roman]

covey /ˈkʌvi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a brood or flock of partridges (鹧鸪、鹌鹑等)一窝，一小群 2  a small party or group of people or things (人)一群，一伙；(事物)一套，一批 [Middle English via Old French covee and Romanic from Latin cubare ‘lie’]

covin /ˈkʌvin/ n.  1 Law  a conspiracy to commit a crime etc. against a third party 【法律】密谋，共谋(诈害第三方) 2 archaic  fraud, deception [古义]欺诈，欺骗行为 [Middle English via Old French covin(e) from medieval Latin convenium -ia, from convenire: see CONVENE]

coving n.  = COVE1n. 3 

cow1 /kaʊ/ n.  1  a  a fully grown female of any bovine animal, esp. of the genus Bos, used as a source of milk and beef (成年的)母牛，奶牛b  a domestic bovine animal (regardless of sex or age) 家牛(不分雌雄或年岁)c  a female domestic bovine animal which has borne a calf (cf. 参见 HEIFER 1) (生育过牛犊的)母牛 2  the female of other large animals, esp. the elephant, whale, and seal 母兽(尤指雌象、雌鲸和雌海豹) 3 colloq. derog. [口] [贬]  a  a woman, esp. a coarse or unpleasant one (尤指肥胖粗笨的)女人，婆娘b Austral. & NZ  an unpleasant person, thing, situation, etc. [澳新]讨厌的人(事物、处境等) □ till the cows come home  colloq.  for an indefinitely long time [口]长久地，无限期地 [Old English cū from Germanic, related to Latin bos, Greek bous]

cow2 /kaʊ/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  intimidate or dispirit 吓唬，威胁  cowed by ill-treatment  被虐待吓住了 [probably from Old Norse kúga ‘oppress’]

cowabunga /kaʊəˈbʌŋɡə, kɑ:wə-/ int. slang  expressing delight or satisfaction, or as a call to action [俚语]哦，啊(表示高兴、满意或招呼行动) [probably fanciful]

cowage /ˈkaʊidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 cowhage)  a leguminous climbing plant, Mucuna pruriens, having hairy pods which cause stinging and itching 刺痒黧豆(一种豆科攀缘植物，豆荚上的绒毛会使人疼痛或发痒) [Hindi kawɑˉṅch]

coward /ˈkaʊəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who is easily frightened or intimidated by danger or pain 胆怯者，胆小鬼，懦夫 ●adj. poet.  easily frightened [诗]胆小的，怯懦的 [Middle English from Old French cuard, couard, ultimately from Latin cauda ‘tail’: perhaps suggested by a frightened animal with its tail between its legs]

cowardice /ˈkaʊədis/ n.  a lack of bravery 胆小，胆怯 [Middle English from Old French couardise (as COWARD)]

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or like a coward; lacking courage 胆小鬼似的；胆小的，怯懦的 2 (of an action) done against a person who cannot retaliate (指行为)欺负无能为力者的 ●adv. archaic  like a coward; with cowardice [古义]胆小地，胆怯地 □ cowardliness  n.  

cowardy /ˈkaʊədi/ adj. Brit. colloq.  cowardly (esp. in the children's taunt 尤用于儿童讥笑(他人)的短语 cowardy custard) [英口]胆小的，胆怯的

cowbane /ˈkaʊbein/ n.  = WATER HEMLOCK 

cowbell /ˈkaʊbel/ n.  1  a bell worn round a cow's neck for easy location of the animal 牛颈铃 2  a similar bell used as a percussion instrument 牛铃(一种打击乐器)

cowberry /ˈkaʊb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an evergreen shrub, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, bearing dark red berries 越橘(一种越橘属常青灌木，结深红色浆果) 2  the berry of this plant 越橘的果实

cowbird /ˈkaʊbɜ:d/ n.  any of several N. American orioles which often eat insects stirred up by grazing cattle, esp. the brown-plumaged Molothrus ater, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests 北美黄鹂(常捕食牧牛惊起的昆虫，尤指褐头牛鹂)

cowboy /ˈkaʊbɔi/ n.  1 (fem. cowgirl)  a (usu. mounted) person who herds and tends cattle, esp. in the western US. (尤指美国西部骑马放牧的)牧牛工，牛仔 2 (fem. cowgirl)  this as a conventional figure in American folklore, esp. in films 牛仔(美国民间故事、尤指电影中传统的形象) 3 colloq.  an unscrupulous or reckless person in business, esp. an unqualified one [口] (尤指无能的)缺德的商人，肆无忌惮的商人

cowcatcher /ˈkaʊkætʃə/ n. N. Amer.  a peaked metal frame at the front of a locomotive for pushing aside obstacles on the line [北美] (火车机车前的)排障器

cower /ˈkaʊə/ v. intr.  1  crouch or shrink back, esp. in fear; cringe (尤指因恐惧而)蜷缩，畏缩；退缩 2  stand or squat in a bent position 弯腰屈背地站立，蹲 [Middle English from Middle Low German kūren ‘lie in wait’, of unknown origin]

cowfish /ˈkaʊfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  a marine fish, Lactoria diaphana, covered in hard bony plates and having hornlike spines over the eyes and on other parts of the body 棘背角箱鲀(一种身上有骨质鳞甲的海鱼，眼睛上部及其他部位有牛角状鳍) 2  a manatee or a small cetacean 海牛；小型鲸目动物

cowgirl  see 见 COWBOY 1, 2 

cowhage var.  of COWAGE  COWAGE 的变体

cow-heel n.  the foot of a cow or an ox stewed to a jelly 牛蹄肉冻

cowherd /ˈkaʊhɜ:d/ n.  a person who tends cattle 牧牛人，牛倌

cowhide /ˈkaʊhaid/ n.  1  a  a cow's hide 母牛皮b  leather made from this 牛皮革 2  a leather whip made from cowhide 牛皮鞭

cow-house n. Brit.  a shed or shelter for cows [英]牛舍，牛棚

cowl /kaʊl/ n.  1  a  the hood of a monk's habit (修道士服装上的)兜帽b  a loose hood (斗篷上的)宽松兜帽c  a monk's hooded habit 带兜帽的修道士服装d  a cloak with wide sleeves worn by members of Benedictine orders (天主教本笃会修士穿的)宽袖斗篷 2  the hood-shaped covering of a chimney or ventilating shaft 烟囱帽罩；通风帽罩 3  the removable cover of a vehicle or aircraft engine (车辆或飞机发动机可拆卸的)机罩，外壳 □ cowled  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Old English cugele, cūle via ecclesiastical Latin cuculla from Latin cucullus ‘hood of a cloak’]

cow-lick n.  a projecting lock of hair (额前翘起的)一绺头发

cowling /ˈkaʊliŋ/ n.  = COWL 3 

cowl neck n.  a neck on a woman's garment that hangs in draped folds (女服的)皱褶领子 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : cowl-neck sweater  皱领羊毛衫

cowman /ˈkaʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  = COWHERD  2 US [美]  = COWBOY 1 

co-worker /kəʊˈwɜ:kə/ n.  a person who works in collaboration with another 同事

cow-parsley n.  a hedgerow plant, Anthriscus sylvestris, having lacelike umbels of flowers Also called 亦称作 Queen Anne's lace 峨参(一种峨参属灌木树篱植物，具花边状伞形花序)

cow-pat n.  a flat round piece of cow-dung (一团)牛粪

cowpoke /ˈkaʊpəʊk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = COWBOY 1 

cowpox /ˈkaʊpɒks/ n.  a disease of cows, of which the virus was formerly used in vaccination against smallpox 牛痘

cowpuncher /ˈkaʊpʌntʃə/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = COWBOY 1 

cowrie /ˈkaʊ(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 cowry) (pl. -ies)  1  any gastropod mollusc of the family Cypraeidae, having a smooth, glossy, and often brightly coloured shell 腹足纲宝贝科软体动物(其贝壳往往色泽鲜艳) 2  its shell, formerly used as money in parts of Africa and S. Asia 宝贝贝壳(旧时在非洲和南亚部分地区用作货币) [Urdu & Hindi kauṛī]

co-write /kəʊˈrait/ v. tr. (past co-wrote; past part. co-written)  write (a book, song, etc.) together with another person 合著(书籍、歌曲等) □ co-writer  n.  合著者

cowshed /ˈkaʊʃed/ n.  1  a shed for cattle that are not at pasture 牛舍，牛棚 2  a milking shed 挤奶棚

cowslip /ˈkaʊslip/ n.  1  a primula, Primula veris, with fragrant yellow flowers and growing in pastures 黄花九轮草(牧场上的一种报春花属植物，花朵芳香，呈黄色) 2 US  a marsh marigold [美]西洋樱草，驴蹄草 [Old English cūslyppe, from cū COW1 + slyppe ‘slimy substance’, i.e. cow-dung]

cow-tree n.  a tropical American tree yielding a juice which looks and tastes like cow's milk, esp. the Venezuelan tree Brosimum utile 乳树，牛奶树(一种热带美洲树木，其乳状汁液味道似牛奶，故名)

cow-wheat n.  any plant of the genus Melampyrum (figwort family), esp. M. pratense, which grows on heathland 山萝花(玄参科植物，生长在欧石南丛生的荒野中)

Cox /kɒks/ n. (in full 全称 Cox's orange pippin)  a variety of eating apple with a red-tinged green skin 考克斯苹果，点心苹果(一种食用苹果，绿里透红) [bred by R. Cox, English amateur fruit-grower d. 1845]

cox /kɒks/ n. & v. ●n.  a coxswain, esp. of a racing boat (尤指赛艇的)舵手 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a cox 担任赛艇舵手  coxed for Cambridge  担任剑桥大学赛艇的舵手 2 tr.  act as cox for 为(赛艇)当舵手  coxed the winning boat  为获胜赛艇当舵手 [abbreviation]

coxa /ˈkɒksə/ n. (pl. coxae /-si:/)  1 Anat.  the hip bone or hip joint 【解】髋(骨)，髋关节 2 Zool.  the first or basal segment in the leg in insects etc. 【动】(节肢动物腿部的)基节 □ coxal  adj.   [Latin]

coxcomb /ˈkɒkskəʊm/ n.  an ostentatiously conceited man; a dandy 自命不凡的蠢家伙；花花公子，纨绔子弟 □ coxcombry  /-kəmri/ n. (pl. -ies)  愚蠢的自负，浮夸 [variant of COCKSCOMB, originally (a cap worn by) a jester]

coxswain /ˈkɒks(ə)n, -swein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the steersman of a ship's boat, lifeboat, racing boat, etc. (小船、救生艇、赛艇等的)舵手 2 Brit.  the senior petty officer in a small ship [英] (小艇的)艇长 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a coxswain 当舵手 2 tr.  act as a coxswain of 为…当舵手 □ coxswainship  n.   [Middle English, from cock (see COCKBOAT) + SWAIN: cf. BOATSWAIN]

Coy. abbr. esp. Mil. [缩略] (尤)【军】  Company 

coy /kɔi/ adj. (coyer, coyest)  1  archly or affectedly shy (淘气或假装)腼腆的，忸怩作态的 2  irritatingly reticent 含糊其词的，不愿作答的  always coy about her age  总是不愿说出她的年龄 3  modest or shy, esp. in sexual matters (尤指对于性方面的事情)害羞的，羞答答的 □ coyly  adv.  □ coyness  n.   [Middle English via Old French coi, quei from Latin quietus QUIET]

coyote /ˈkɔiəʊt, kɔiˈəʊti/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or coyotes)  a wolflike wild dog, Canis latrans, native to N. America 郊狼，丛林狼(野生犬类动物，产于北美) [Mexican Spanish from Nahuatl coyotl]

coypu /ˈkɔipu:/ n. (pl. coypus)  an aquatic beaver-like rodent, Myocastor coypus, native to S. America, naturalized in parts of Europe and the US, and kept in captivity for its fur 河狸鼠，獭狸(一种形似海狸的啮齿动物，原产于南美洲，现在欧洲及美国部分地区人工饲养以取其毛皮) [Araucanian (a Chilean language)]

coz /kʌz/ n. archaic except N. Amer.  cousin [古义] [北美除外]堂(或表)兄弟姐妹 [abbreviation]

cozen /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ v. literary [文学用语]  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, out of)  cheat, defraud 欺骗，哄骗；诈骗 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  beguile; persuade 诱使；劝说 3 intr.  act deceitfully 干欺骗勾当 □ cozenage  n.   [16th-c.: perhaps via Italian from Latin cocio ‘dealer’]

cozy US var.  of COSY [美] COSY 的变体

CP abbr. [缩略]  1  Communist Party 共产党 2 (in South Africa) Conservative Party (南非)保守党

c.p. abbr. [缩略]  candlepower 

cp. abbr. [缩略]  compare 

Cpl abbr. [缩略]  Corporal 

CPO abbr.  Chief Petty Officer [缩略] (美海军)军士长；(英海军)上士

CPR abbr. [缩略]  1  Canadian Pacific Railway 加拿大太平洋铁路 2  cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏

CPRE abbr.  Council for the Protection of Rural England [缩略]英格兰田园保护委员会

CPS abbr. (in the UK) Crown Prosecution Service [缩略] (英国)王室刑事诉讼机构

cps abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 c.p.s.)  1 Computing  characters per second 【计算】每秒字符数 2  cycles per second 每秒周数，周 / 秒，赫兹

CPSA abbr. (in the UK) Civil and Public Services Association [缩略] (英国)文职及公职雇员协会

CPU abbr. Computing  central processing unit [缩略]【计算】中央处理装置，中央处理器

CR abbr.  Community of the Resurrection [缩略] (英国国教会)复活社

Cr symb. Chem.  the element chromium [符]【化】(化学元素)铬

Cr. abbr. [缩略]  1  Councillor  2  credit 

crab1 /kræb/ n.  1  a  any of numerous ten-footed crustaceans having the first pair of legs modified as pincers 蟹，螃蟹b  the flesh of a crab, esp. Cancer pagurus, as food 蟹肉(尤指黄道蟹肉) 2 (作 the Crab)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Cancer 巨蟹星座 3 (in full 全称 crab louse) (often in pl. 常用复数)  a parasitic louse, Phthirus pubis, infesting hairy parts of the body and causing extreme irritation 毛虱，阴虱(寄生在人体有毛发部位的虱子) 4  a machine for hoisting heavy weights 蟹爪式起重机，绞车 □ catch a crab  Rowing  effect a faulty stroke in which the oar is jammed under water or misses the water altogether 【划艇】失一桨(划船时桨划得过深或划空)□ crablike  adj.  行走似蟹的，斜行的 [Old English crabba, related to Old Norse krafla ‘scratch’]

crab2 /kræb/ n.  1 (in full 全称 crab apple)  a small sour apple-like fruit 苹果状酸味小水果(如沙果、海棠、花红等) 2 (in full 全称 crab tree or crab-apple tree)  a tree that bears such fruit, esp. the European wild apple, Malus sylvestris 海棠树，沙果树，(尤指)欧洲野苹果树 3  a sour person 脾气乖戾的人 [Middle English, perhaps alteration (influenced by CRAB1 or CRABBED) of earlier scrab, probably of Scandinavian origin]

crab3 /kræb/ v. (crabbed, crabbing) colloq. [口]  1 tr. & intr.  criticize adversely or captiously; grumble 找岔子，挑剔；抱怨 2 tr.  act so as to spoil 破坏，损害  the mistake crabbed his chances  那个错误使他失去了一些机会 [originally of hawks fighting, from Middle Low German krabben]

crabbed /ˈkræbid, kræbd/ adj.  1  = CRABBY 1  2 (of handwriting) ill-formed and hard to decipher (字迹)潦草的，难辨认的 3  perverse or cross-grained 倔强的，任性的 4  difficult to understand 难懂的，晦涩的 □ crabbedly  adv.  □ crabbedness  n.   [Middle English from CRAB1, associated with CRAB2]

crabby /ˈkræbi/ adj. (crabbier, crabbiest)  1  irritable; morose 易怒的，脾气坏的 2  = CRABBED 3  □ crabbily  adv.  □ crabbiness  n.  

crabgrass /ˈkræbɡrɑ:s/ n.  a creeping grass, esp. the weed Digitaria sanguinalis 一种蔓生的野草(尤指马唐草)

crab louse  see 见 CRAB1 3 

crabmeat /ˈkræbmi:t/ n.  = CRAB1 1b 

crab pot n.  a wicker trap for crabs 蟹笼(用柳条编制的捕蟹笼子)

crabwise /ˈkræbwaiz/ adv. & attrib. adj. (of movement) sideways or backwards like a crab (指动作)横向(的)，向侧边(的)；向后(的)

crack /kræk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a sudden sharp or explosive noise 爆裂声，噼啪声  the crack of a whip  鞭子的噼啪声 a rifle crack  步枪射击声b (in a voice) a sudden harshness or change in pitch (说话声音)突然嘶哑，变调 2  a sharp blow 猛的一击  a crack on the head  猛击头部 3  a  a narrow opening formed by a break 裂口，豁口；缝隙  entered through a crack in the wall  从墙的裂缝里进去b  a partial fracture, with the parts still joined 裂缝，裂纹  the teacup has a crack in it  这个茶杯上有一条裂纹c  a chink 门缝，开裂  looked through the crack formed by the door  透过门缝观望 a crack of light  一线光亮 4 colloq.  a mischievous or malicious remark or aside [口]俏皮话，挖苦话，笑话；离题的话  a nasty crack about my age  关于我的年龄的俏皮话 5 colloq.  an attempt [口]一试，尝试  I'll have a crack at it  我要尝试一下这件事 6  the exact moment 片刻，瞬间  the crack of dawn  黎明，破晓 7 Brit. colloq.  a first-rate player, horse, etc. [英口]运动健将；骏马 8 Brit. dial. colloq.  conversation; good company; fun [英方] [口]谈话，聊天；好伙伴；乐趣  only went there for the crack  去那里只是为了聊天 9 slang  a potent hard crystalline form of cocaine broken into small pieces and inhaled or smoked for its stimulating effect [俚语]强效晶状可卡因 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  break without a complete separation of the parts (使)破裂，(使)裂纹  cracked the window  打破窗户 the cup cracked on hitting the floor  杯子一掉在地板上便摔出了裂纹 2 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a sudden sharp or explosive sound 发出爆裂声，使噼啪作响 3 intr. & tr.  break or cause to break with a sudden sharp sound (使)爆裂，(使)啪地一声破碎 4 intr. & tr.  give way or cause to give way (under torture etc.); yield (因酷刑等) (使)垮下，(使)退让；屈服 5 intr. (of the voice, esp. of an adolescent boy or a person under strain) become dissonant; break (说话声音)变粗，变嘶哑；(青春期男孩的嗓音)变声 6 tr. colloq.  find a solution to (a problem, code, etc.) [口]解决(难题)；破译(密码等) 7 tr.  say (a joke etc.) in a jocular way 打趣，开玩笑 8 tr. colloq.  hit sharply or hard [口]猛击，撞击  cracked her head on the ceiling  她的头撞在了天花板上 9 tr. Chem.  decompose (heavy oils) by heat and pressure with or without a catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons (such as petrol) 【化】使裂化，使分解(指用高温高压的方法从重油中制取轻油) 10 tr.  break (wheat) into coarse pieces 碾麦(成粗颗粒) ●attrib. adj.  excellent; first-rate 优秀的；极好的；一流的  a crack regiment  顶呱呱的一个团 a crack shot  神枪手 □ crack a bottle   open a bottle, esp. of wine, and drink it (尤指)开瓶饮酒□ crack a crib  Brit. slang  break into a house [英] [俚语]破门而入□ crack down on  colloq.  take severe measures against [口]对…采取严厉措施；镇压，制裁□ cracked up to be  colloq.  glowingly asserted to be [口]吹捧，夸赞□ crack of doom   a peal of thunder announcing the Day of Judgement 世界末日的霹雳□ crack up  colloq. [口]  1  collapse under strain (身体或精神)压垮，垮掉 2  burst into laughter 捧腹大笑□ fair crack of the whip  Brit. colloq.  a fair chance to participate etc. [英口]均等的参与机会□ get cracking  colloq.  begin promptly and vigorously [口]马上开始，大干起来□ have a crack at  colloq.  attempt [口]尝试(一下) [Old English cracian ‘resound’]

crack-brained adj. colloq.  crazy [口]疯狂的；头脑发热的

crackdown /ˈkrækdaʊn/ n. colloq.  severe measures (esp. against law-breakers etc.) [口] (尤指对违法者的)严惩，制裁

cracked /krækt/ adj.  1  having cracks 破裂的，有裂纹的 2 (作 predic.) slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的，狂热的

cracked wheat n.  wheat that has been crushed into small pieces 碾成碎粒的小麦

cracker /ˈkrækə/ n.  1  a paper cylinder both ends of which are pulled at Christmas etc. making a sharp noise and releasing a small toy etc. 彩色爆竹(圣诞节等节日的娱乐用品，内装小件礼物，两端一拉便噼啪作响) 2  a firework exploding with a sharp noise 爆竹 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an instrument for cracking 破碎器，破碎机  nutcrackers  破坚果钳子 4  a  a thin dry biscuit often eaten with cheese 薄脆饼干b  a light crisp made of rice or tapioca flour (米粉或木薯淀粉制作的)松脆食品 5 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  an attractive person, esp. a woman 有吸引力的人(尤指女人)b  a fine example of something 典型事例  a cracker of a match  典型的一次比赛 6 US offens. [美] [冒犯]  = POOR WHITE 

cracker-barrel attrib. adj. N. Amer. (of philosophy etc.) homespun; unsophisticated [北美] (哲学等)朴素的，质朴的；实用的

crackerjack /ˈkrækədʒæk/ adj. & n. US slang [美] [俚语] ●adj.  exceptionally fine or expert 格外出色的；经验丰富的 ●n.  an exceptionally fine thing or person 出色的事物；杰出的人，能手

crackers /ˈkrækəz/ predic. adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的，狂热的

cracking /ˈkrækiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●adj.  1  outstanding; very good 显著的；极好的  a cracking performance  出色的演出 2 (作 attrib.)  fast and exciting 敏捷而激动的  a cracking speed  闪电般的速度 ●adv.  outstandingly 非常，极其  a cracking good time  一个极好的时期

crack-jaw adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj. (of a word) difficult to pronounce (单词)拗口的，难发音的 ●n.  such a word 拗口的单词

crackle /ˈkræk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a repeated slight cracking sound 发出连续的噼啪声  radio crackled  收音机发出噼啪的声响 fire was crackling  火在噼啪作响 ●n.  1  such a sound 噼啪声 2  a  paintwork, china, or glass decorated with a pattern of minute surface cracks (漆器、瓷器或玻璃器皿上的)碎裂花纹，冰裂纹b  the smooth surface of such paintwork etc. (碎裂花纹漆器等的)光滑表面 □ crackly  adj.   [CRACK + -LE4]

crackling /ˈkrækliŋ/ n.  1  the crisp skin of roast pork (烤猪肉等的)脆皮 2 Brit. slang offens.  attractive women regarded collectively as objects of sexual desire [英] [俚语] [冒犯] (总称)有性魅力的女人 □ bit of crackling  Brit. slang offens.  an attractive woman [英] [俚语] [冒犯]有魅力的女人

cracknel /ˈkrækn(ə)l/ n.  a light crisp biscuit 松脆饼干 [Middle English via French craquelin from Middle Dutch krɑˉkelinc, from krɑˉken CRACK]

crackpot /ˈkrækpɒt/ n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  an eccentric or impractical person 怪僻的人；不切实际的人 ●adj.  mad, unworkable 疯狂的；不切实际的  a crackpot scheme  不切实际的计划

cracksman /ˈkræksmən/ n. (pl. -men) slang  a burglar, esp. a safe-breaker [俚语]窃贼(尤指保险箱窃贼)

crack-up n. colloq. [口]  1  a mental breakdown 精神崩溃 2  a car crash (汽车)碰撞，撞毁

crack willow n.  a species of willow, Salix fragilis, with brittle branches 爆竹柳(一种枝条易折的柳树)

cracky /ˈkræki/ adj.  covered with cracks (表面)有裂纹的

-cracy /krəsi/ comb. form  denoting a particular form of government, rule, or influence (aristocracy 贵族阶层 ; bureaucracy 官僚主义) [构词成分]表示“政体”，“统治”，“影响” [from or suggested by French -cratie via medieval Latin -cratia from Greek -kratia, from kratos ‘strength, power’]

cradle /ˈkreid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a child's bed or cot, esp. one mounted on rockers 摇篮，小床b  a place in which a thing begins, esp. a civilization etc., or is nurtured in its infancy (尤指人类文明的)策源地，发源地  cradle of choral singing  合唱的发源地 cradle of democracy  民主的策源地 2  a framework resembling a cradle, esp. (尤指): 类似于摇篮的框架a  that on which a ship, a boat, etc., rests during construction or repairs (修造船只用的)托架，垫架，座b  that on which a worker is suspended to work on a ceiling, a ship, the vertical side of a building, etc. (修理屋顶、轮船或建筑的垂直面等的)吊篮，吊架c  the part of a telephone on which the receiver rests when not in use (电话听筒的)叉簧，听筒架 ●v. tr.  1  contain or shelter as if in a cradle (像放入摇篮似地)抱(或遮蔽)  cradled his head in her arms  (她)用胳膊搂着他的头 2  place in a cradle 把…放入摇篮 □ from the cradle   from infancy 从幼年起□ from the cradle to the grave   from infancy till death (esp. of state welfare) (尤指国家福利)从生到死，一生 [Old English cradol, perhaps related to Old High German kratto ‘basket’]

cradle-snatcher n. slang  a person amorously attached to a much younger person [俚语]追求比自己年轻得多的异性的人

cradle song n.  a lullaby 摇篮曲，催眠曲

cradling /ˈkreidliŋ/ n. Archit.  a wooden or iron framework, esp. one used as a structural support in a ceiling 【建】(尤指用于支撑天花板的)弧顶架

craft /krɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  skill, esp. in practical arts 工艺，手艺 2  a (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a trade or an art 行业，职业；技艺，艺术  statecraft  治国才能 handicraft  手工艺 priestcraft  祭司的本领 the craft of pottery  陶瓷业b  the members of a craft 行会会员 3 (pl. craft)  a  a boat or vessel 船，舰b  an aircraft or spacecraft 飞机，航空器，航天器 4  cunning or deceit 狡诈，诡诈，骗术 5 (作 the Craft)  the brotherhood of Freemasons 共济会 ●v. tr.  make in a skilful way 精心制作  crafted a poem  精心构思一首诗 a well-crafted piece of work  一件精心制作的作品 [Old English crœft]

craft-brother n.  a fellow worker in the same trade 同行，同行业的人

craft guild n. hist.  a guild of workers of the same trade [史义]行会，同业公会

craftsman /ˈkrɑ:f(t)smən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. craftswoman, pl. -women)  1  a skilled and usu. time-served worker 能工巧匠 2  a person who practises a handicraft 手艺人，工匠 3 Brit.  a qualified private soldier in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers [英]皇家电气和机械工程部队列兵 □ craftsmanship  n.   [Middle English, originally craft's man]

craftsperson /ˈkrɑ:f(t)spɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. craftspeople)  a craftsman or craftswoman (不分性别)工匠，手艺人

craftwork /ˈkrɑ:ftwɜ:k/ n.  work produced by a craftsperson 工艺品 □ craftworker  n.  

crafty /ˈkrɑ:fti/ adj. (craftier, craftiest)  cunning, artful, wily 狡猾的，诡计多端的；机灵的，灵巧的 □ craftily  adv.  □ craftiness  n.   [Old English crœftig]

crag1 /kræɡ/ n.  a steep or rugged rock 悬崖，峭壁 [Middle English, of Celtic origin]

crag2 /kræɡ/ n. Brit. Geol.  rock consisting of a shelly sand [英]【地质】砂质泥灰岩 [18th c.: perhaps from CRAG1]

craggy /ˈkræɡi/ adj. (craggier, craggiest)  1 (esp. of a person's face) rugged; rough-textured (尤指人的面部)粗糙的；多皱纹的 2 (of a landscape) having crags (风景)多岩石的；崎岖的；陡峭的 □ craggily  adv.  □ cragginess  n.  

cragsman /ˈkræɡzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a skilled climber of crags 攀崖能手

Craig /kreig/   克雷格 [人名]

crake /kreik/ n.  1  a bird of the rail family, esp. a corncrake, or one of the shorter-billed kinds of the genus Porzana 一种秧鸡科禽类(尤指长脚秧鸡或田鸡属短喙田鸡) 2  the cry of a corncrake 长脚秧鸡的啼叫声 [Middle English from Old Norse krɑˊka (imitative) : cf. CROAK]

cram /kræm/ v. (crammed, cramming)  1 tr.  a  fill to bursting; stuff 把…塞满，把…装满  the room was crammed  屋子被挤得满满的b (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  force (a thing) into 把(某物)塞进  cram the sandwiches into the bag  把三明治塞进书包里 2 tr. & intr.  prepare for an examination by intensive study (为应付考试而)抓紧学习，填鸭式学习 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  feed (poultry etc.) to excess 给(家禽等)强行喂食，填食 4 tr. & intr. colloq.  eat greedily [口]贪婪地吃，狼吞虎咽地吃 □ cram in   push in to bursting point 塞进，挤满(到爆裂的程度)  crammed in another five minutes' work  又见缝插针干了 5 分钟的活 [Old English crammian, from Germanic]

crambo /ˈkræmbəʊ/ n.  a game in which a player gives a word or verse-line to which each of the others must find a rhyme 对韵游戏(游戏的一方说出一个词或一行诗，对方则以同韵的词或诗来应对) [earlier crambe, apparently allusive from Latin crambe repetita ‘cabbage served up again’, hence ‘distasteful rhyming or repetition’]

cram-full adj.  as full as possible 塞满的，充满的

crammer /ˈkræmə/ n. Brit.  a person or institution that crams pupils for examinations [英]填鸭式教学的教师(或学校)

cramp /kræmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles due to cold, exertion, etc. (由于寒冷、劳累等引起的)肌肉痉挛，痛性痉挛，抽筋b  = WRITER'S CRAMP  2 (also 亦作 cramp-iron)  a metal bar with bent ends for holding masonry etc. together (夹砖石用的)铁夹钳，夹钳 3  a portable tool for holding two planks etc. together; a clamp (固定木板等用的)两爪钉，扣钉，爬钉 4  a restraint 束缚(物)，约束(物) ●v. tr.  1  affect with cramp 痉挛，抽筋 2  confine narrowly 限制(在狭小范围) 3  restrict (energies etc.) 束缚，约束(精力、能量等) 4 (as 作 cramped adj.) (of handwriting) small and difficult to read (字迹)小而且难辨认的 5  fasten with a cramp 用夹钳夹紧，用爬钉固定住 □ cramp a person's style   prevent a person from acting freely or naturally 使某人不能自由地(或正常地)发挥□ cramp up   confine narrowly 严格限制 [Middle English via Old French crampe from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German krampe, Old High German krampfo, from an adj. meaning ‘bent’: cf. CRIMP]

crampon /ˈkræmpən/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an iron plate with spikes fixed to a boot for walking on ice, climbing, etc. (冰上行走或登山时防滑的)带钉铁鞋底 2  a metal hook for lifting timber, rock, etc.; a grappling iron 起重吊钩，抓钩 [Middle English from French (as CRAMP)]

cran /kræn/ n. Sc.  a measure for fresh herrings (37(1/2) gallons) [苏格兰]鲱斗(鲜鲱鱼的计量单位，合 37.5 加仑) [Gaelic crann, of uncertain origin]

cranage /ˈkreinidʒ/ n.  1  the use of a crane or cranes 起重机的使用 2  the money paid for this 起重机使用费

cranberry /ˈkrænb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any evergreen shrub of the genus Vaccinium, esp. V. macrocarpon of America and V. oxycoccos of Europe, yielding small red acid berries 越橘属常青灌木(尤指美洲的大果越橘和欧洲的酸果蔓，结红色小浆果) 2  a berry from this used for a sauce and in cooking Also called 亦称作 fen-berry (作沙司或烹饪用的)越橘果实 [17th c.: named by American colonists from German Kranbeere, Low German kranebere ‘crane-berry’]

crane /krein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine for moving heavy objects, usu. by suspending them from a projecting arm or beam 起重机，吊车 2  a tall bird of the family Gruidae, with long legs, long neck, and straight bill, esp. the grey Grus grus of Europe 鹤(尤指欧洲的灰鹤) 3  a moving platform supporting a television camera or cine-camera (电视摄像机或电影摄影机的)升降台架 ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  stretch out (one's neck) in order to see something 伸长脖子，探头去看 2 tr.  move (an object) by a crane (用起重机)吊运，升降 [Old English cran, related to Latin grus, Greek geranos]

crane-fly n. (pl. -flies)  a large two-winged fly of the family Tipulidae, with very long legs Also called 亦称作 daddy-long-legs 大蚊(一种体细足长的大蚊科双翅飞虫，形似蚊子但不叮人)

cranesbill /ˈkreinzbil/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Geranium, with usu. purple, violet, or pink five-petalled flowers 老鹳草属植物(通常开紫、紫罗兰或粉红色的五瓣花朵) [named from the long spur on the fruit, likened to a bird's bill]

cranial /ˈkreiniəl/ adj.  of or relating to the skull 颅骨的，头盖骨的 [CRANIUM + -AL]

cranial index n.  the ratio of the width and length of a skull 颅指数(指颅骨的长宽比例)

cranial nerve n. Anat.  each of twelve pairs of nerves arising directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord 【解】颅神经

craniate /ˈkreiniət/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  having a skull 有颅骨的，有头骨的 ●n.  a craniate animal 有头动物，颅骨动物(指脊椎动物) [modern Latin craniatus from CRANIUM]

cranio- /ˈkreiniəʊ/ comb. form  cranium [构词成分]颅

craniology /kreiniˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the shape and size of the human skull 颅骨学，头骨学(研究人类颅骨形状和大小的学科) □ craniological  /kreiniəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ craniologist  n.  

craniometry /kreiniˈɒmitri/ n.  the scientific measurement of skulls 颅骨测量法，头骨测定学 □ craniometric  /-niəˈmetrik/ adj.  

craniotomy /kreiniˈɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  surgical removal of a portion of the skull 颅骨切开术 2  surgical perforation of the skull of a dead foetus to ease delivery 穿颅术(即用手术方法穿透死胎的头骨以便分娩)

cranium /ˈkreiniəm/ n. (pl. craniums or crania /-niə/)  the skull, esp. the part that encloses the brain 颅骨，头盖骨，脑壳(尤指包住大脑的部位) [Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek kranion ‘skull’]

crank1 /kræŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  part of an axle or shaft bent at right angles for interconverting reciprocal and circular motion (将往复运动转换为循环运动的)曲柄，曲轴 2  an elbow-shaped connection in bell-hanging (悬挂钟表用的)肘形连接物 ●v. tr.  1  cause to move by means of a crank 用曲柄启动 2  a  bend into a crank-shape 把…弯成曲柄状b  furnish or fasten with a crank 给…装上曲柄 □ crank up   1  start (a car engine) by turning a crank 用曲柄启动(汽车发动机) 2 colloq.  increase (speed etc.) by intensive effort [口]加快…的速度 [Old English cranc, apparently from crincan, related to cringan ‘fall in battle’, originally ‘curl up’]

crank2 /kræŋk/ n.  1  a  an eccentric person, esp. one obsessed by a particular theory 古怪的人，怪僻的人(尤指受某种理论困扰而行为古怪者)  health-food crank  有健康饮食怪僻的人b N. Amer.  a bad-tempered person [北美]脾气坏的人 2 literary  a fanciful turn of speech [文学用语]奇怪的措辞  quips and cranks  [back-formation from CRANKY]

crank3 /kræŋk/ adj. Naut.  liable to capsize 【海】有倾覆危险的 [perhaps from crank ‘weak, shaky’, or CRANK1]

crankcase /ˈkræŋkkeis/ n.  a case enclosing a crankshaft 曲轴箱

crankpin /ˈkræŋkpin/ n.  a pin by which a connecting rod is attached to a crank 曲柄销

crankshaft /ˈkræŋkʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft driven by a crank (see 见 CRANK1 n. 1) 曲轴

cranky /ˈkræŋki/ adj. (crankier, crankiest)  1 colloq.  eccentric, esp. obsessed with a particular theory [口]古怪的，怪僻的(尤指受某种理论困扰的)  cranky ideas about women  关于女人的怪念头 2 (esp. of a machine) working badly; shaky (尤指机器)运转不正常的，有毛病的；摇晃的 3 esp. N. Amer.  ill-tempered or crotchety [尤北美]脾气坏的，暴躁的 □ crankily  adv.  □ crankiness  n.   [perhaps from obsolete crank ‘rogue feigning sickness’]

crannog /ˈkrænəɡ/ n.  an ancient lake-dwelling in Scotland or Ireland (古代苏格兰和爱尔兰)湖上住宅 [Irish from crann ‘tree, beam’]

cranny /ˈkræni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a chink, a crevice, a crack 裂缝，裂口，缝隙 □ crannied  /-id/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French crané, past part. of craner, from cran, from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crap1 /kræp/ n., v. & adj. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●n.  1 (often as 常作 int.)  nonsense, rubbish 胡扯，废话  he talks crap  他总是胡扯 2  faeces 粪便，屎 ●v. intr. (crapped, crapping)  defecate 排便，通大便 ●adj.  of bad quality; useless, inferior 劣质的，低劣的；无用的 □ crap out  US [美]  1  be unsuccessful 失败，不成功 2  withdraw from a game etc. 退出比赛(游戏等) [earlier senses ‘chaff, refuse from fat-boiling’: Middle English from Dutch krappe]

crap2 /kræp/ n. N. Amer.  a losing throw of 2, 3, or 12 in craps [北美]输掉赌注的一掷(即在掷骰子赌博中掷出 2 、 3 或 12 点) [see CRAPS]

crape /kreip/ n.  1  crêpe, usu. of black silk or imitation silk, formerly used for mourning clothes (旧时为表示哀悼而披戴的)黑色皱绸 2  a band of this formerly worn round a person's hat etc. as a sign of mourning (佩戴在袖子或帽子上以表示哀悼的)黑纱 □ crapy  adj.   [earlier crispe, crespe, from French crespe CRÊPE]

crape fern n.  a New Zealand fern, Leptopteris superba, with tall dark green fronds 新西兰蕨(多年生草本植物，生长在山野草地里，因其叶子色黑绿似皱绸而得名)

crape hair n. Brit.  artificial hair used in stage make-up [英] (舞台化妆用的)人造毛发

crap game n.  a game of craps 掷骰子赌博游戏

crappy /ˈkræpi/ adj. (crappier, crappiest) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  rubbishy, cheap 毫无价值的，蹩脚的 2  disgusting 讨厌的

craps /kræps/ n. pl. N. Amer.  a gambling game played with dice [北美]掷骰子赌博游戏 □ shoot craps   play craps 掷双骰子赌钱 [19th c.: perhaps from crab ‘lowest throw at dice’]

crapulent /ˈkræpjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  given to indulging in alcohol 纵酒的 2  resulting from drunkenness 醉酒引起的 3  drunk 酩酊大醉的 □ crapulence  n.  狂饮暴食□ crapulous  adj.   [Late Latin crapulentus ‘very drunk’ via Latin crapula ‘inebriation’ from Greek kraipalē ‘drunken headache’]

craquelure /ˈkrækljʊə/ n.  a network of fine cracks in a painting or its varnish (油画或其表层清漆细微的)龟裂纹 [French, from craqueler ‘to crackle’]

crash1 /kræʃ/ v., n. & adv. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a loud smashing noise (使)发出哗啦声响；发破裂声  the cymbals crashed  钹发出铿锵的响声 crashed the plates together  使碟子碰撞发出哗啦的响声 2 tr. & intr.  throw, drive, move, or fall with a loud smashing noise 哗啦一声掷出(或坠落) 3 intr. & tr.  a  collide or cause (a vehicle) to collide violently with another vehicle, obstacle, etc.; overturn at high speed (使车辆等)猛撞，撞毁；(急速)翻车b  fall or cause (an aircraft) to fall violently on to the land or the sea (使飞机)坠毁  crashed the plane  使飞机坠毁 the airman crashed into the sea  那飞行员坠落在大海里 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  collide violently 猛烈碰撞  crashed into the window  猛地撞在窗户上 5 intr.  undergo financial ruin 倒闭，破产 6 tr. colloq.  enter without permission [口] (未经许可)擅自闯入  crashed the cocktail party  未经邀请擅自闯入鸡尾酒会 7 intr. colloq.  be heavily defeated [口]失败，惨败  crashed to a 4 － 0 defeat  以 0 比 4 惨败 8 intr. Computing (of a machine or system) fail suddenly 【计算】(机器或系统)突然故障 9 tr. colloq.  pass (a red traffic light etc.) [口]闯(红灯等) 10 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) slang  go to sleep, esp. in an improvised setting [俚语] (尤指临时)借宿 ●n.  1  a  a loud and sudden smashing noise (突然的)破裂声；(巨大的)哗啦声  a thunder crash  轰隆隆的雷声 the crash of crockery  陶瓷器皿摔碎的哗啦声b  a breakage (esp. of crockery, glass, etc.) (尤指陶瓷、玻璃等的)破碎，毁坏 2  a  a violent collision, esp. of one vehicle with another or with an object (尤指车辆)猛撞，撞毁b  the violent fall of an aircraft on to the land or sea (飞机的)坠毁 3  ruin, esp. financial (尤指金融)崩溃，暴跌 4 Computing  a sudden failure which puts a system out of action 【计算】(系统的)突然故障 5 (作 attrib.)  done rapidly or urgently 应急的，速成的  a crash course in first aid  急救知识速成课程 a crash diet  应急食品，速效饮食 ●adv.  with a crash 哗啦一声地  the window went crash  窗户玻璃哗啦一声碎了 [Middle English: imitative]

crash2 /kræʃ/ n.  a coarse plain linen, cotton, etc., fabric 粗纺麻布(棉布等) [Russian krashenina ‘coloured linen’]

crash barrier n. Brit.  a barrier intended to prevent a vehicle from leaving the road etc. [英] (公路等双行车道之间的)碰撞护栏

crash-dive v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a submarine or its pilot) dive hastily and steeply in an emergency (潜水艇或其驾驶员)紧急下潜，急速潜没b (of an aircraft or its pilot) dive and crash (飞机或其驾驶员)俯冲坠毁 2 tr.  cause to crash-dive 使急速下潜 ●n.  such a dive 急速下潜；俯冲坠毁

crash-halt n. Brit.  a sudden stop by a vehicle [英] (车辆)急刹车，突然停车

crash helmet n.  a helmet worn esp. by a motorcyclist to protect the head in case of a crash (尤指摩托车手戴的)防撞头盔，安全帽

crashing /ˈkræʃiŋ/ adj. colloq.  overwhelming [口]势不可挡的，十足的，极度的  a crashing bore  讨厌透顶的人(或物)

crash-land v.  1 intr. (of an aircraft or its pilot) land hurriedly with a crash, usu. without lowering the undercarriage (飞机或其驾驶员)强迫着陆，摔机着陆 2 tr.  cause (an aircraft) to crash-land 使(飞机)强迫着陆 □ crash landing  n.  迫降，强迫着陆

crash pad n. slang  a place to sleep, esp. in an emergency [俚语] (尤指紧急时的)临时借宿处，临时住处

crash-stop n.  = CRASH-HALT 

crash-tackle n. Brit. Football  a vigorous tackle [英]【足球】凶猛抢截

crasis /ˈkreisis/ n. (pl. crases /-si:z/)  the contraction of two adjacent vowels in ancient Greek into one long vowel or diphthong 融接，元音结合(指相邻的两个元音组合成一个长元音或双元音) [Greek krasis ‘mixture’]

crass /kræs/ adj.  1  grossly stupid 极其愚钝的，非常愚蠢的  a crass idea  一个非常愚蠢的想法 2  gross 完全的，十足的  crass stupidity  愚不可及 3 literary  thick or gross [文学用语]粗厚的，粗糙的 □ crassitude  n.  粗俗，冷酷；愚钝；粗厚，粗糙□ crassly  adv.  □ crassness  n.   [Latin crassus ‘solid, thick’]

-crat /kræt/ comb. form  a member or supporter of a particular form of government or rule (autocrat 独裁者 ; democrat 民主主义者，民主人士) [构词成分]某种形式的政府的一分子(或支持者)，某种政体的支持者 [from or suggested by French -crate: see -CRACY]

cratch /krætʃ/ n. Brit. dial.  a rack used for holding food for farm animals out of doors [英方] (户外的)饲料架，饲料槽 [Middle English via Old French creche from Germanic: related to CRIB]

crate /kreit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large wickerwork basket or slatted wooden case etc. for packing esp. fragile goods for transportation (尤指装运易碎货物的)板条箱，柳条箱 2 slang  an old aeroplane or other vehicle [俚语]破旧飞机(汽车) ●v. tr.  pack in a crate 用板条箱(或柳条箱)装 □ crateful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一板条箱的量 [Middle English, perhaps from Dutch krat ‘basket’]

crater /ˈkreitə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the mouth of a volcano 火山口 2  a bowl-shaped cavity, esp. that made by the explosion of a shell or bomb (尤指呈碗状的)炮弹坑，炸弹坑 3 Astron.  a hollow with a raised rim on the surface of a planet or moon, caused by the impact of a meteorite 【天】(月球或其他行星表面的)环形山，陨石坑 4 Antiq.  a large ancient Greek bowl, used for mixing wine [古] (古希腊调酒用的)大碗 ●v. tr.  form a crater in 在…上形成坑 □ craterous  adj.   [Latin from Greek kratēr ‘mixing-bowl’: see CRASIS]

-cratic /ˈkrætik/ comb. form (also 亦作 -cratical)  denoting a particular kind of government or rule (autocratic 独裁的，专制的 ; democratic 民主政治的，民主政体的) [构词成分]表示“某种政体或统治” □ -cratically  comb. form (adv.) [构词成分]  用于构成副词 [from or suggested by French -cratique: see -CRACY]

craton /ˈkrætɒn/ n. Geol.  a large stable block of the earth's crust 【地质】克拉通，稳定地块 [alteration of kratogen (= craton) from Greek kratus ‘strength’ + -GEN]

cravat /krəˈvæt/ n.  1  a scarf worn by men inside an open-necked shirt (男士的)围巾 2 hist.  a necktie [史义]领结，领带 □ cravatted  adj.   [French cravate via German Krawat, Kroat from Serbo-Croat Hrvat ‘Croat’ (from the scarf worn by Croatian mercenaries in France)]

crave /kreiv/ v.  1 tr.  a  long for 渴望得到  craved affection  渴望得到的爱b  beg for 恳求，乞求  craves a blessing  祈神赐福 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  long for; beg for 渴望；恳求  craved for comfort  渴望舒适安逸 □ craver  n.   [Old English crafian, related to Old Norse krof ‘a request’]

craven /ˈkreiv(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a person, behaviour, etc.) cowardly; abject (指人、行为等)怯懦的，胆小的；自卑的 ●n.  a cowardly person 懦夫，胆小鬼 □ cravenly  adv.  □ cravenness  /ˈkreiv(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English cravand etc. perhaps from Old French cravanté ‘defeated’, past part. of cravanter, ultimately from Latin crepare ‘burst’; assimilated to -EN3]

craving /ˈkreiviŋ/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a strong desire or longing 强烈的愿望，渴望

craw /krɔ:/ n. Zool.  the crop of a bird or insect 【动】(鸟或昆虫的)嗉囊 □ stick in one's craw   be unacceptable 难以接受 [Middle English, related to Middle Dutch crɑˉghe, Middle Low German krage, Middle High German krage ‘neck, throat’]

crawfish /ˈkrɔ:fiʃ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = CRAYFISH  ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) US colloq.  retreat; back out [美口]退却；后退；退出 [variant of CRAYFISH]

crawl /krɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  move slowly, esp. on hands and knees 爬，爬行(尤指匍匐前进) 2 (of an insect, snake, etc.) move slowly with the body close to the ground etc. (昆虫、蛇等)蠕动，爬行 3  walk or move slowly 缓慢移动，徐徐行进  the train crawled into the station  火车缓慢地驶进了车站 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  behave obsequiously or ingratiatingly in the hope of advantage [口]卑躬屈膝，奉承拍马 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be covered or filled with crawling or moving things, or with people etc. compared to this 爬满，充斥着(虫、蚁等)；挤满(人等) 6 (esp. of the skin) feel a creepy sensation (尤指皮肤)有蠕虫爬动的感觉，起鸡皮疙瘩 7  swim with a crawl stroke 用爬式游泳 ●n.  1  an act of crawling 爬，爬行，匍匐前进 2  a slow rate of movement 缓慢的行进 3  a high-speed swimming stroke with alternate overarm movements and rapid straight-legged kicks 爬式游泳，自由泳 4  a (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) Brit. colloq.  a leisurely journey between places of interest [英口] (不慌不忙的)旅行  church crawl  不慌不忙地参观教堂b  = PUB CRAWL  □ crawlingly  adv.  □ crawly  adj. (in senses 5, 6 of v. 用于动词释义 5 和 6)   [Middle English: origin unknown: cf. Swedish kravla, Danish kravle]

crawler /ˈkrɔ:lə/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a person who behaves obsequiously in the hope of advantage [英口]马屁精，奴颜卑膝的人 2  anything that crawls, such as an insect, a slow-moving vehicle, etc. 爬行动物；缓慢移动的车辆 3  a tractor moving on an endless caterpillar track 履带式拖拉机 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. US  a baby's overall for crawling in; rompers [尤美] (幼儿穿的)连衫罩裤

crawl space n.  an underfloor space giving access to ducts (地板下面供工人维修管道、电线及其他设备的)爬行空隙

cray /krei/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = CRAYFISH 

crayfish /ˈkreifiʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a small lobster-like freshwater crustacean, esp. of the genus Astacus 淡水螯虾，小龙虾 2  = SPINY LOBSTER  [Middle English from Old French crevice, crevis, ultimately from Old High German krebiz CRAB1: assimilated to FISH1]

crayon /ˈkreiən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stick or pencil of coloured chalk, wax, etc., used for drawing 彩色粉笔，蜡笔，绘画铅笔 2  a drawing made with this 彩色粉笔(或蜡笔、铅笔)画 ●v. tr.  draw with crayons 用彩色粉笔(或蜡笔、铅笔)绘画 [French from craie from Latin creta ‘chalk’]

craze /kreiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. as 通常作 crazed adj.)  make insane 使发狂，使发疯  crazed with grief  悲痛欲绝 2  a tr.  produce fine surface cracks on (pottery glaze etc.) 使(陶瓷彩釉等)产生细微裂纹b intr.  develop such cracks (陶瓷彩釉等)产生细微裂纹 ●n.  1  a  a usu. temporary enthusiasm (通常指一时的)狂热，激情  a craze for hula hoops  对呼啦圈的狂热b  the object of this 风靡一时的事物 2  an insane fancy or condition 疯狂，躁狂 [Middle English, originally = break, shatter, perhaps from Old Norse]

crazy /ˈkreizi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (crazier, craziest)  1 colloq. (of a person, an action, etc.) insane or mad; foolish [口] (指人、行为等)发疯的，疯狂的；愚蠢的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about) colloq.  extremely enthusiastic [口]狂热的，着迷的 3 slang [俚语]  a  exciting, unrestrained 刺激的，令人激动的；无拘束的，放纵的b  excellent 极好的，美妙的 4 (作 attrib.) (of paving, a quilt, etc.) made of irregular pieces fitted together (路面、被面等)用不规则碎块拼成的 5 archaic (of a ship, building, etc.) unsound, shaky [古义] (船只、建筑物等)不牢固的，摇摇晃晃的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a crazy person or thing [口]疯子，怪人；怪事 □ like crazy  colloq. [口]  = like mad (see 见 MAD) □ crazily  adv.  □ craziness  n.  

crazy bone n. US  the funny bone [美]肱骨内髁部，尺骨肘部的鹰嘴突

crazy paving  see 见 CRAZY 4 

CRC abbr. Printing  camera-ready copy [缩略]【印刷】(不再改动可立即拍照制版的)照相原版

creak /kri:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a harsh scraping or squeaking sound 嘎吱声，(刺耳的)尖叫声 ●v. intr.  1  make a creak 嘎吱嘎吱作响 2  a  move with a creaking noise 发着嘎吱声移动b  move stiffly and awkwardly 僵直笨拙地行进c  show weakness or frailty under strain (在紧张下)暴露出缺点(弱点) □ creakingly  adv.   [Middle English, imitative: cf. CRAKE, CROAK]

creaky /ˈkri:ki/ adj. (creakier, creakiest)  1  liable to creak 易嘎吱作响的 2  a  stiff or frail 僵直的；易损坏的  creaky joints  僵直的关节b (of a practice, institution, etc.) decrepit, dilapidated, outmoded (经验、制度等)陈旧的，破烂的；过时的；废弃的 □ creakily  adv.  □ creakiness  n.  

cream /kri:m/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the fatty content of milk which gathers at the top and can be made into butter by churning 奶油，乳脂b  this eaten (often whipped) with a dessert, as a cake filling, etc. (搅打后用作糕点馅等的)奶油  strawberries and cream  草莓加奶油 cream gateau  大奶油蛋糕 2  the part of a liquid that gathers at the top (浮在液体表面的)油脂部分 3 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the best or choicest part of something, esp. (尤指): 精华，精髓a  the point of an anecdote (趣闻的)要点b  an elite group of people 出类拔萃的人才  the cream of the nation  民族精英 4  a creamlike preparation, esp. a cosmetic (尤指化妆用的)乳霜，雪花膏  hand cream  润手油脂 5  a very pale yellow or off-white colour 奶油色，浅黄色，米色 6  a  a dish or sweet like or made with cream 奶油食品，奶油糖果b  a soup or sauce containing milk or cream 奶油汤；奶油沙司c  a full-bodied mellow sweet sherry 浓醇烈性甜酒，浓醇雪利酒d  a biscuit with a creamy sandwich filling 奶油夹心饼干e  a chocolate-covered usu. fruit-flavoured fondant 巧克力果味软糖，方旦糖 ●v.  1 tr.  a  take the cream from (milk) 从(牛奶)中提取奶油b  take the best or a specified part from 提取(精华)，精选出(最好部分) 2 tr.  work (butter etc.) to a creamy consistency 把(黄油等)搅拌成奶油状 3 tr.  treat (the skin etc.) with cosmetic cream 搽乳霜于(皮肤等) 4 tr.  add cream to (coffee etc.) 给(咖啡等)加奶油 5 intr. (of milk or any other liquid) form a cream or scum (牛奶或其他液体)起泡沫；起浮渣 6 tr. US colloq.  defeat (esp. in a sporting contest) [美口] (尤指体育比赛中)击败 ●adj.  pale yellow; off-white 浅黄色的，乳白色的，米色的 □ cream off   1  take (the best or a specified part) from a whole 提取(精华)，精选出(最好部分)  creamed off the brightest pupils  选拔尖子学生 2  take the best or a specified part from (a whole) 提取精华，选优 [Middle English via Old French cre(s)me from Late Latin cramum (perhaps from Gaulish) & ecclesiastical Latin chrisma CHRISM]

cream bun n. (also 亦作 cream cake) Brit.  a bun or cake filled or topped with cream [英]奶油面包，奶油蛋糕

cream cheese n.  a soft rich cheese made from unskimmed milk and cream 奶油干酪

cream-coloured adj.  pale yellowish white 奶油色的，浅黄色的，米色的

cream cracker n. Brit.  a crisp dry unsweetened biscuit usu. eaten with cheese [英]奶油梳打饼干

creamer /ˈkri:mə/ n.  1  a flat dish used for skimming the cream off milk 奶油分离器，撇奶油浅碟 2  a machine used for separating cream from milk 奶油搅打机 3  a cream or milk substitute for adding to coffee or tea (加入咖啡或茶中的)奶油(或牛奶)替代品 4 N. Amer.  a jug for cream [北美]奶油壶(罐)

creamery /ˈkri:m(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a factory producing butter and cheese 乳制品厂 2  a shop where milk, cream, etc., are sold; a dairy 乳制品商店 [CREAM, suggested by French crémerie]

cream of tartar n.  crystallized potassium hydrogen tartrate, used in medicine, baking powder, etc. 酒石，酒石酸氢钾(药用或作发酵粉等)

cream puff n.  1  a cake made of puff pastry filled with cream 奶油泡夫(蛋糕) 2 colloq.  an ineffectual or effeminate person [口]奶油小生，女人气的男子

cream soda n.  a carbonated vanilla-flavoured soft drink (香草味的)奶油苏打水

cream tea n. Brit.  afternoon tea with scones, jam, and cream [英] (下午的)奶油茶点

creamware /ˈkri:mwɛə/ n.  earthenware of a rich cream colour 米色陶器

creamy /ˈkri:mi/ adj. (creamier, creamiest)  1  like cream in consistency or colour 奶油般黏稠的，奶油色的 2  rich in cream 含大量奶油的 □ creamily  adv.  □ creaminess  n.  

crease1 /kri:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a line in paper etc. caused by folding (纸张等)折痕，折缝b  a fold or wrinkle 皱纹 2 Cricket  a line marking the position of the bowler or batsman (see 见 POPPING CREASE, BOWLING CREASE) 【板球】(投球手、击球手)区域线，界线 3  an area near the goal in ice hockey or lacrosse into which the puck or the ball must precede the players (冰球、长曲棍球的)球门区 ●v.  1 tr.  make creases in (material) 使起折痕，使起皱 2 intr.  become creased 起折痕，起皱  linen creases badly  亚麻布折皱得很厉害 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Brit. colloq.  make or become incapable through laughter [英口] (使)笑得直不起腰来 4 tr. esp. US slang  graze with a bullet [尤美] [俚语] (枪弹)擦伤 [earlier creast = CREST ‘ridge’ (in material)]

crease2 var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

create /kri:ˈeit/ v.  1 tr.  a (of natural or historical forces) bring into existence; cause (自然力或历史原因)使形成；引起，产生  poverty creates resentment  贫穷引起愤懑b (of a person or persons) make or cause (指人)造成，带来  create a diversion  带来消遣 create a good impression  造成好的印象 2 tr.  originate 创造，塑造  an actor creates a part  演员塑造一个角色 3 tr.  invest (a person) with a rank 给(某人)封爵位；授予；任命  created him a lord  封他为勋爵 4 intr. Brit. colloq.  make a fuss; grumble [英口]大惊小怪；发牢骚 □ creatable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin creare]

creatine /ˈkri:əti:n/ n.  a product of protein metabolism found (esp. as the phosphate) in the muscles etc. of vertebrates 肌酸(脊椎动物肌肉中蛋白代谢的产物，尤指磷酸盐(或磷酸脂)) [Greek kreas ‘meat’ + -INE4]

creation /kri:ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of creating 创造，创作b  an instance of this 创造(或创作)的实例 2  a (usu. 通常作 the Creation)  the creating of the universe regarded as an act of God (神的)创世，创造天地b (usu. 通常作 Creation)  everything so created; the universe 创造物；宇宙，世界，天地万物 3  a product of human intelligence, esp. of imaginative thought or artistic ability (智力、想像力的)产物(尤指创作作品、艺术作品) 4  a  the act of investing with a title or rank (职位、爵位等的)授予，册封b  an instance of this (授予的)职位；(册封的)爵位 [Middle English via Old French from Latin creatio -onis (as CREATE)]

creationism /kri:ˈeiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the Biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution 神造说，特创论(一种与进化论相反的学说，认为世间万物不是经演化和发展而来的，而是由上帝一次创造而成的) □ creationist  n.  

creation science n.  the reinterpretation of scientific knowledge in accord with belief in the literal truth of the Bible, esp. regarding the origin of matter, life, and humankind 创世科学(指按照圣经的观点对有关物质、生命和人类起源的科学知识进行的重新解释)

creative /kri:ˈeitiv/ adj.  1  inventive and imaginative 创造性的，想像的 2  creating or able to create 创造的，有创造力的 □ creatively  adv.  □ creativeness  n.  □ creativity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

creative accountancy n. (also 亦作 creative accounting) colloq.  the exploitation of loopholes in financial legislation in order to gain advantage or present figures in a misleadingly favourable light [口]创造性会计(指钻财政立法的空子，伪造账目以谋求私利)

creator /kri:ˈeitə/ n.  1  a person who creates 创造者，创作者 2 (as 作 the Creator)  God 造物主，上帝 [Middle English via Old French creat(o)ur from Latin creator -oris (as CREATE)]

creature /ˈkri:tʃə/ n.  1  a  an animal, as distinct from a human being (区别于人的)动物b  any living being 生物  we are all God's creatures  我们都是上帝创造的生灵 2  a person of a specified kind (某种类型的)人  poor creature  可怜的人 3  a person owing status to and obsequiously subservient to another 受人支配者；驯服工具；走狗，奴才 4  anything created; a creation 创造物；产物 □ creaturely  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin creatura (as CREATE)]

creature comforts n. pl.  material comforts such as good food, warmth, etc. 物质享受(如食物、衣着等)

creature of habit n.  a person set in an unvarying routine 习惯的奴隶(指日常生活受习惯限制约束的人)

cred /kred/ n. colloq.  credibility [口]可靠性，可信性 [abbreviation]

credal  see 见 CREED 

credence /ˈkri:d(ə)ns/ n.  1  belief 相信，信任 2 (in full 全称 credence table)  a small side table, shelf, or niche which holds the elements of the Eucharist before they are consecrated 圣餐桌，供桌 □ give credence to   believe 听信，相信 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin credentia, from credere ‘believe’]

credential /kriˈdenʃ(ə)l/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  evidence of a person's achievements or trustworthiness, usu. in the form of certificates, references, etc. 信任状；各种证件(证书等) 2  a letter or letters of introduction 介绍信，证明信 [medieval Latin credentialis (as CREDENCE)]

credenza /kriˈdenzə/ n.  a sideboard or cupboard 餐具柜 [Italian from medieval Latin (as CREDENCE)]

credibility /krediˈbiliti/ n.  1  the condition of being credible or believable 可靠性，可信性 2  reputation, status 名声，声誉；身份，地位 3  = STREET CREDIBILITY 

credibility gap n.  an apparent difference between what is said and what is true 信用差距，言行的不一致

credible /ˈkredib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person or statement) believable or worthy of belief (人或说法)可信的，可靠的，值得信任的 2 (of a threat etc.) convincing (威胁等)使人确信会发生的 □ credibly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin credibilis, from credere ‘believe’]■Usage 用法说明 Do not confuse credible ‘able to be believed’ with credulous ‘too ready to believe’. The difference is illustrated by he was such a credible trickster that he completely took in his credulous collegues. 注意不要把 credible “可信的”与 credulous “轻信的，易受骗的”弄混。二者的区别可用下列例句来说明 : he was such a credible trickster that he completely took in his credulous collegues 他是个令人深信不移的骗子，以致于他完全欺骗了那些轻信他的同事。 

credit /ˈkredit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. of a person) a source of honour, pride, etc. (通常指人)是…的光荣，是…的骄傲  is a credit to the school  是一位为学校增光的人 2  the acknowledgement of merit 赞扬，荣誉  must give him credit for consistency  必须对他的言行一致予以表扬 3  a good reputation 信誉，声望  his credit stands high  他的声望很高 4  a  belief or trust 信任，相信  I place credit in that  我相信那件事情b  something believable or trustworthy 可信(性)，可靠(性)  that statement has credit  那种说法可信 5  a  a person's financial standing; the sum of money at a person's disposal in a bank etc. (个人的)财务情况；(个人在银行等的)存款数额b  the power to obtain goods etc. before payment (based on the trust that payment will be made) (物品等的)赊欠，赊购 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an acknowledgement of a contributor's services to a film, television programme, etc. (电影或电视节目等的)致谢名单，制作人员名单 7 Brit.  a grade above a pass in an examination [英]良(比及格高一级的评分等级) 8  a reputation for solvency and honesty in business (债务的)清偿能力；商业信誉 9 (in bookkeeping) a  an entry on the right-hand side or column side of an account recording a payment received (账目登记)贷记，贷方记录b  the sum entered 贷方金额c  the total of such sums 贷方余额d  the credit side of an account (账目的)贷方 10  a  a certificate or other acknowledgement of a student's completion of a course (修完某门学科的)及格证b  a unit of study counting towards a degree etc. 学分 ●v. tr. (credited, crediting)  1  believe 相信，信任  cannot credit it  不能相信此事 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with; often in passive 常用被动)  a  enter on the credit side of an account 记入贷方  credited £ 20 to him  在他的账户贷方记入 20 英镑 credited him with £ 20  在他的账户贷方记入 20 英镑b  ascribe an achievement or good quality to 把(成绩或优点)归于  he was credited with the goal  那个得分球被认为是他的功劳 success was credited to his good sense  成功要归因于他的良好判断力c  deem to be the originator or source of a thing 认为是…的创作者；认为是…的来源  now credited as its founder  现在被认为是它的创始人 □ do credit to (or do a person credit)   enhance the reputation of 为(某人)增光，提高(某人的)信誉□ get credit for   be given credit for 因…而受称赞□ give a person credit for   1  enter (a sum) to a person's credit 为某人提供(若干金额的)信用贷款 2  ascribe (a good quality) to a person 把(成绩或优点)归于某人□ give credit to   believe 相信，信任□ on credit   with an arrangement to pay later 赊购□ to one's credit   in one's praise, commendation, or defence 为某人带来称赞(表扬或辩护)  to his credit, he refused the offer  他拒绝了那件礼物，值得称赞 [French crédit from Italian credito or Latin creditum, from credere credit- ‘believe, trust’]

creditable /ˈkreditəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bringing credit or honour 值得赞扬的，带来荣誉的 □ creditability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ creditably  adv.  

credit account n. Brit.  an account with a shop etc. for obtaining goods or services before payment [英] (商店对客户赊销货物的)赊销账项；(客户赊购购货的)赊购账项

credit card n.  a card from a bank etc. authorizing the obtaining of goods on credit (银行等为客户出具的赊购货物的)信用卡，赊购卡

credit note n. Brit.  a note given by a shop etc. in return for goods returned, stating the value of goods owed to the customer [英]信用票据，赊欠凭证(指商店等给退货顾客开具的凭证)

creditor /ˈkreditə/ n.  1  a person to whom a debt is owing 债权人，债主 2  a person or company that gives credit for money or goods (cf. 参见 DEBTOR) 贷方；赊销者 [Middle English via Anglo-French creditour (Old French -eur) from Latin creditor -oris (as CREDIT)]

credit rating n.  an estimate of a person's suitability to receive commercial credit (对某人是否有资格接受信用贷款的)信誉评价，信用等级

credit sale n. Brit.  the sale of goods on credit [英]赊销；赊售

credit title n.  a credit (see 见 CREDIT n. 6) at the beginning or end of a film or broadcast etc. (电影或电视节目等的)片头字幕，片尾字幕，制作人员名单

credit transfer n.  a transfer of money from one person's bank account to another's 银行转账(指债务人通过银行把自己账上的存款转入债权人账户的付款方式)

creditworthy /ˈkreditwɜ:ði/ adj.  considered suitable to receive commercial credit 有资格接受信用贷款的，信用可靠的 □ creditworthiness  n.  

credo /ˈkri:dəʊ, ˈkrei-/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (作 Credo)  a statement of belief; a creed, esp. the Apostles' or Nicene creed beginning in Latin with credo 信条；信经(尤指基督教使徒信经或尼西亚信经) 2  a musical setting of the Nicene Creed 信经乐(为尼西亚信经所配的音乐) [Middle English from Latin, = I believe]

credulous /ˈkredjʊləs/ adj.  1  too ready to believe; gullible 轻信的；易受骗的 2 (of behaviour) showing such gullibility (行为)因轻信而引起的 □ credulity  /kriˈdju:liti/ n.  □ credulously  adv.  □ credulousness  n.   [Latin credulus from credere ‘believe’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CREDIBLE. 见 CREDIBLE 词条的用法说明。 

Cree /kri:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Crees)  1  a  an American Indian people living in central Canada and around Hudson Bay 克里人(生活在加拿大中部和哈得孙湾周围地区的美洲印第安人)b  a member of this people 克里人 2  the Algonquian language of this people (克里人使用的)阿尔贡金语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Crees or their language 克里人的；克里语的 [Canadian French Cris (earlier Cristinaux) from Algonquian]

creed /kri:d/ n.  1  a set of principles or opinions, esp. as a philosophy of life 信条，信念(尤指人生哲学，人生观)  his creed is moderation in everything  他的人生哲学是一切都要有节制 2  a brief formal summary of Christian belief , esp. (尤指) (often 常作 the Creed): 基督教信经a  = APOSTLES' CREED b  = NICENE CREED(cf. 参见 ATHANASIAN CREED)  □ credal  /ˈkri:d(ə)l/ adj.  □ creedal  adj.   [Old English crēda from Latin CREDO]

creek /kri:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a small bay or harbour on a sea coast (海岸边的)小湾，小港b  a narrow inlet on a sea coast or in a river bank (海岸或河岸边的)小湾，小港 2  a esp. US  a tributary of a river [尤美] (河的)支流b Austral. & NZ  a stream or brook [澳新]小溪，小河 3 (作 Creek)  a (pl. same 单复同)  a member of a North American Indian people originally from Alabama and Georgia, or of a confederation of nations including this people 克里克人(从前居住在亚拉巴马州和佐治亚州的印第安人部落联盟)b  the language of this people 克里克语 ●adj. (作 Creek)  of or relating to the Creek or their language 克里克人的；克里克语的 □ up the creek  slang [俚语]  1  in difficulties or trouble 陷入困境，遇到麻烦 2  crazy 发疯的 [Middle English crike from Old Norse kriki ‘nook’ (or partly via Old French crique from Old Norse) & Middle English crēke from Middle Dutch krēke (or from crike by lengthening): ultimate origin unknown]

creel /kri:l/ n.  1  a large wicker basket for fish (装鱼用的)大鱼篓 2  an angler's basket (垂钓者的)鱼笼 [Middle English, originally Scots: ultimate origin unknown]

creep /kri:p/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. crept /krept/)  1  move with the body prone and close to the ground; crawl 爬行，匍匐 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out, up, etc.)  come, go, or move slowly and stealthily or timidly 蹑手蹑脚地走；缓慢地走；悄悄地行进  crept out without being seen  悄悄地溜了出去，没有被人发现 3  enter slowly (into a person's affections, life, awareness, etc.) 逐渐产生(情感)；逐渐进入(生活)；逐渐意识到  a feeling crept over her  她渐渐地产生了一种感觉 crept into her heart  渐渐进入她的心中 4 colloq.  act abjectly or obsequiously in the hope of advancement [口]卑躬屈膝，谄媚奉承 5 (of a plant) grow along the ground or up a wall by means of tendrils etc. (植物)蔓生；攀缘 6 (as 作 creeping adj.)  developing slowly and steadily 缓慢发展，稳步发展  creeping inflation  逐渐蔓延的通货膨胀 7 (of the flesh) feel as if insects etc. were creeping over it, as a result of fear, horror, etc. 起鸡皮疙瘩，汗毛直竖(指人的肌肤因恐惧、害怕等而产生昆虫爬动的感觉) 8 (of materials) undergo creep (see 见 sense 5 of n.) (指金属材料)蠕变 ●n.  1  a  the act of creeping 爬行的动作b  an instance of this 爬行，匍匐前进 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  a nervous feeling of revulsion or fear [口]毛骨悚然的感觉  gives me the creeps  使我浑身起鸡皮疙瘩 3 colloq.  an unpleasant person [口]讨厌的人 4  the gradual downward movement of disintegrated rock due to gravitational forces etc. (引力造成碎裂岩石向下的)蠕动，徐动 5  a gradual deformation of materials under stress (材料受压形成的)蠕变 6  a low arch under a railway embankment, road, etc. (铁路路堤、公路下面的)低拱 □ creep up on   approach (a person) stealthily or unnoticed 悄悄地向(某人)靠近 [Old English crēopan, from Germanic]

creeper /ˈkri:pə/ n.  1 Bot.  any climbing or creeping plant 【植】攀缘植物；蔓生植物 2  any bird that climbs, esp. a treecreeper 攀树干觅食的鸟(尤指旋木雀) 3 slang  a soft-soled shoe [俚语]软底鞋

creeping barrage /ˈkri:piŋ/ n.  an artillery barrage moving ahead of advancing troops (前进部队的)掩护炮火，徐进弹幕射击

creeping Jenny n.  any of various creeping plants, esp. moneywort 攀缘植物(尤指铜钱状珍珠菜)

creeping Jesus n. Brit. slang  an abject or hypocritical person [英] [俚语]马屁精；伪君子，假虔诚的人

creepy /ˈkri:pi/ adj. (creepier, creepiest)  1 colloq.  having or producing a creeping of the flesh [口]感到毛骨悚然的，令人毛骨悚然的  I feel creepy  我感到毛骨悚然 a creepy film  令人毛骨悚然的影片 2  given to creeping 爬行的，蠕动的 □ creepily  adv.  □ creepiness  n.   [CREEP]

creepy-crawly /kri:piˈkrɔ:li/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  an insect, worm, or other small crawling creature 爬虫；爬行小动物 ●adj.  creeping and crawling 爬行的，蠕动的

creese var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

cremate /kriˈmeit/ v. tr.  burn (a corpse etc.) to ashes (尸体等)火化，火葬 □ cremation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cremator  n.  焚尸人；尸体焚化炉 [Latin cremare ‘burn’]

crematorium /kreməˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. crematoria or crematoriums)  a place for cremating corpses in a furnace 火化炉，火葬场 [modern Latin (as CREMATE, -ORY1)]

crematory /ˈkremət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to cremation 火化的，火葬的 ●n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. [北美]  = CREMATORIUM 

crenate /ˈkri:neit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  having a notched edge or rounded teeth 【植】【动】有锯齿形叶子的；有圆齿的 □ crenated  adj.  □ crenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ crenature  /ˈkrenətjʊə, ˈkri:-/ n.   [modern Latin crenatus from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crenel /ˈkren(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 crenelle /kriˈnel/)  an indentation or gap in the parapet of a tower, castle, etc., originally for shooting through etc. (旧时塔楼、城堡矮墙上打枪用的)垛口，堡眼，枪眼 [Middle English from Old French crenel, ultimately from popular Latin crena ‘notch’]

crenellate /ˈkren(ə)leit/ v. tr. (also 亦作 crenelate)  provide (a tower etc.) with battlements or loopholes 在(塔楼等)上修筑城垛(或枪眼) □ crenellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French créneler (as CRENEL)]

Creole /ˈkri:əʊl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a descendant of European (esp. Spanish) settlers in the W. Indies or Central or S. America 克里奥耳人(指西印度群岛及中部南部美洲的欧洲(尤西班牙)人后裔)b  a white descendant of French settlers in the southern US, esp. Louisiana (美国南部，尤指路易斯安那州的)法国白人后裔c  a person of mixed European and black descent (欧洲人与黑人的)混血儿 2  a mother tongue formed from the contact of a European language (esp. English, French, or Portuguese) with another (esp. African) language 克里奥耳化语言，混合语(欧洲语言(尤英语、法语或葡萄牙语)与其他语言(尤非洲语言)的混合语) ●adj.  1  of or relating to a Creole or Creoles 克里奥耳人的 2 (usu. 通常作 creole)  of Creole origin or production 起源于克里奥耳的，克里奥耳生产的  creole cooking  克里奥耳式烹饪 [French créole, criole from Spanish criollo, probably via Portuguese crioulo ‘home-born slave’ from criar ‘breed’, from Latin creare CREATE]

creolize /ˈkri:ə(ʊ)laiz, ˈkri-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  form a Creole from (another language) 使成为克里奥耳化语言，使形成混合语 □ creolization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

creosote /ˈkri:əsəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 creosote oil)  a dark brown oil distilled from coal tar, used as a wood preservative 杂酚油(从煤焦油中提取的用于木材防腐的黑褐色油脂) 2  a colourless oily fluid distilled from wood, used as an antiseptic 木馏油(从木材中蒸馏得到的无色油质物，用于防腐抗菌) ●v. tr.  treat with creosote 用杂酚油处理(木材等) [German Kreosote, from Greek kreas ‘flesh’ + sōtēr ‘preserver’, with reference to its antiseptic properties]

creosote bush n.  a shrub of arid parts of Mexico and the western US, Larrea tridentata, with leaves smelling of creosote 拉瑞阿属常青灌木(产于墨西哥及美国西部干旱地区，其叶子有杂酚的气味，故名)

crepitate /ˈkrepiteit/ v. intr.  1  make a crackling sound 发噼啪声 2 Zool. (of a beetle) eject pungent fluid with a sharp report 【动】(甲虫)喷射刺激性液体 □ crepitant  adj.   [Latin crepitare, frequentative of crepare ‘creak’]

crepitation /krepiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  = CREPITUS  2  the action or sound of crackling or rattling 噼啪声，咔哒声

crepitus /ˈkrepitəs/ n. Med. 【医】  1  a grating noise from the ends of a fractured bone rubbing together (骨折残端的)摩擦声，碎裂音 2  a similar sound heard from the chest in pneumonia etc. (肺炎患者呼吸时发出的)捻发音，刺耳声音 [Latin from crepare ‘rattle’]

crept past and past part.  of CREEP 

crepuscular /kriˈpʌskjʊlə, kre-/ adj.  1  a  of twilight 黄昏的；黎明的b  dim 昏暗的，朦胧的 2 Zool.  appearing or active in twilight 【动】在黄昏(或黎明)时出没活动的 [Latin crepusculum ‘twilight’]

Cres. abbr. [缩略]  Crescent 

cresc. abbr. (also 亦作 cres.) Mus. [缩略]【音】  = CRESCENDO 

crescendo /kriˈʃendəʊ/ n., adv., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -os or crescendi /-di/)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a gradual increase in loudness (声音)渐强b  a passage to be performed with such an increase 渐强的乐段 2  a  progress towards a climax (向高潮)进展  a crescendo of emotions  情感逐渐接近于高潮b disp.  a climax [异议]高潮，顶点，极点  the storm reached a crescendo then died away  暴风雨达到最强程度之后便渐渐平息下来 ●adv. & adj. Mus.  with a gradual increase in loudness 【音】(声音)渐强的(地) ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  increase gradually in loudness or intensity (声音等)逐渐增强 [Italian, part. of crescere ‘grow’ (as CRESCENT)]■Usage 用法说明 When used figuratively, crescendo should mean ‘progress towards a climax’, not the climax itself. In examples such as that given at 2b, use climax instead. 当 crescendo 用于比喻意义时，应表示“达到高潮的过程”，而不表示“高潮”本身。在释义 2b 的举例中就应使用 climax 替换 crescendo 。 

crescent /ˈkrez(ə)nt, ˈkres-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon 新月形，月牙形 2  anything of this shape, esp. Brit. a street forming an arc 新月形物，月牙形物；[尤英]新月形街道 3  a  the crescent-shaped emblem of Islam or Turkey (伊斯兰教或土耳其的)新月标志b (作 the Crescent)  the world or power of Islam 伊斯兰教 ●adj.  1 poet.  increasing [诗] (新月般)逐渐增大的 2  crescent-shaped 新月形的，月牙形的 □ crescentic  /-ˈsentik/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French cressaunt, Old French creissant, from Latin crescere ‘grow’]

cresol /ˈkri:sɒl/ n. Chem.  any of three isomeric phenols present in creosote and used as disinfectants Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3C6H4OH 【化】甲酚 □ cresyl  n.   [CREOSOTE + -OL2]

cress /kres/ n.  any of various cruciferous plants usu. with pungent edible leaves, e.g. watercress 水芹，水田芥(十字花科植物，叶味辛辣，可食用) [Old English cresse, from West Germanic]

cresset /ˈkresit/ n. hist.  a metal container for oil, coal, etc., to be set alight for illumination, usu. mounted on a pole [史义]号灯，标灯，篝灯(通常为一内装油或煤等的金属容器，安放在柱子上，点燃后用来照明) [Middle English from Old French cresset, craisset, from craisse = graisse GREASE]

crest /krest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a comb or tuft of feathers, fur, etc. on a bird's or animal's head (鸟兽的)羽冠，肉冠毛簇等b  something resembling this, esp. a plume of feathers on a helmet 羽冠状物(尤指头盔上的羽饰)c  a helmet; the top of a helmet 头盔；头盔的顶部 2  the top of something, esp. of a mountain, wave, roof, etc. 顶(尤指山顶、浪尖、波峰、屋脊等) 3 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  a device above the shield and helmet of a coat of arms (盾形纹章上方的)饰章b  such a device reproduced on writing paper or on a seal, signifying a family (印在信纸上或刻在印章上代表某个家族的)饰章 4  a  a line along the top of the neck of some animals (某些动物的)颈脊b  the hair growing from this; a mane 颈脊上的鬃毛；马鬃 5 Anat.  a ridge along the surface of a bone 【解】嵴(骨头表面上的脊状突起) ●v.  1 tr.  reach the crest of (a hill, wave, etc.) 登上(山)顶；爬上(波)峰 2 tr.  a  provide with a crest 给…以冠状饰物b  serve as a crest to 作…的顶饰 3 intr. (of a wave) form into a crest (波浪)形成波峰 □ on the crest of a wave   at the most favourable moment in one's progress 在春风得意的时候，在最走运的时候□ crested  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ crestless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French creste from Latin crista ‘tuft’]

crestfallen /ˈkrestfɔ:l(ə)n/ adj.  1  dejected, dispirited 沮丧的，垂头泄气的，情绪低落的 2  with a fallen or drooping crest 羽冠垂倒的

cretaceous /kriˈteiʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the nature of chalk 含白垩的，白垩构成的 2 (作 Cretaceous) Geol.  of or relating to the last period of the Mesozoic era, with evidence of the first flowering plants, the extinction of dinosaurs, and extensive deposits of chalk 【地质】白垩纪的；白垩系的(中生代的最后阶段，以开花植物的出现、恐龙的绝灭和白垩的大量沉积为特点) ●n. (作 Cretaceous) Geol.  this era or system 【地质】白垩纪；白垩系 [Latin cretaceus from creta ‘chalk’]

Cretan /ˈkri:t(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Crete, an island SE of the Greek mainland 克里特岛人(克里特岛为希腊东南方一岛屿) ●adj.  of or relating to Crete or the Cretans 克里特岛的；克里特岛人的 [Latin Cretanus ‘from Creta’, from Greek Krētē ‘Crete’]

cretic /ˈkri:tik/ n. Prosody  a foot containing one short or unstressed syllable between two long or stressed ones 【诗体】“长－短－长”韵脚，“长－短－长”三音节音步 [Latin Creticus from Greek Krētikos (as CRETAN)]

cretin /ˈkretin/ n.  1  a person who is deformed and mentally retarded as the result of a thyroid deficiency (甲状腺缺陷引起的)呆小病患者，克汀病患者 2 colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨蛋，蠢货，白痴 □ cretinism  n.  呆小病，愚侏病，克汀病□ cretinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ cretinous  adj.   [French crétin via Swiss French creitin, crestin from Latin Christianus CHRISTIAN]

cretonne /kreˈtɒn, ˈkretɒn/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a heavy cotton fabric with a usu. floral pattern printed on one or both sides, used for upholstery (用作窗帘或家具套等的)印花(或提花)装饰布 [French, of unknown origin]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease /krɔitsfeltˈjækɒb/ n.  a type of spongiform encephalopathy affecting human beings, characterized by progressive dementia 克－雅病(一种海绵状组织脑病，其特点是越来越严重的痴呆) [named after H. G. Creutzfeldt (d. 1964) and A. Jakob (d. 1931), German physicians]

crevasse /kriˈvæs/ n.  1  a deep open crack, esp. in a glacier 裂隙(尤指冰川的裂隙) 2 US  a breach in a river levee [美] (河堤上的)决口 [French from Old French crevace: see CREVICE]

crevice /ˈkrevis/ n.  a narrow opening or fissure, esp. in a rock or building etc. (尤指岩石或建筑等上的)裂缝，裂隙 [Middle English via Old French crevace, from crever ‘burst’, from Latin crepare]

crew1 /kru:/ n. & v. ●n. (often treated as pl. 常看作复数)  1  a  a body of people manning a ship, aircraft, train, etc. 全体船员；全体机务人员；列车乘务组b  such a body as distinguished from the captain or officers (区别于船长、机长或列车长的)船员，机务人员，列车员c  a body of people working together; a team (工作人员的)班组；队 2 colloq.  a company of people; a gang [口]一群人；一伙人，一帮人  a motley crew  一群杂七杂八的人 ●v.  1 tr.  supply or act as a crew or member of a crew for 给…配备人员；充当船员(机务人员、列车员) 2 intr.  act as a crew or member of a crew 当船员(机务人员、列车员) [Middle English via Old French creüe ‘increase’, fem. past part. of croistre ‘grow’, from Latin crescere]

crew2 past  of CROW2  

crew-cut n.  a very short haircut (指发式)平头，板寸

crewel /ˈkru:əl/ n.  a thin worsted yarn used for tapestry and embroidery (绒绣或刺绣用的)松捻双股精纺细绒线 [Middle English crule etc., of unknown origin]

crewel work n.  a design worked in crewel on linen or cloth 绒绣，刺绣

crewman /ˈkru:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a crew 船员；机务人员；列车员

crew neck n.  a close-fitting round neckline, esp. on a sweater (尤指毛衣的)圆式紧衣领，水手领

crib /krib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a child's bed with barred or latticed sides; a cot (有围栏的)儿童床，幼儿床b Brit.  a model of the Nativity of Christ, with a manger as a bed [英] (用马槽作床的)基督诞生塑像 2  a barred container or rack for animal fodder (有围栏的)牲口饲料槽 3 colloq. [口]  a  a translation of a text for the (esp. surreptitious) use of students (供学生考试作弊用的)对照译文b  plagiarized work etc. 剽窃的作品，抄袭的作品 4  a small house or cottage (简陋的)小房子，小屋 5  a framework lining the shaft of a mine (矿井的)井壁基环 6 colloq. [口]  a  cribbage 克里比奇牌戏b  a set of cards given to the dealer at cribbage by all the players 配点牌张(克里比奇牌戏中所有牌手配点给庄家的一组牌) 7  heavy crossed timbers used in foundations in loose soil etc. (松软土层上用交叉原木搭成的)叠木基础，叠木框，木笼 8 slang  a brothel [俚语]妓院 9 Austral. & NZ  a light meal; food [澳新]简单的饭菜；食物 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (cribbed, cribbing)  1 colloq.  copy (another person's work) unfairly or without acknowledgement [口]剽窃，抄袭(他人的作品) 2  confine in a small space 把…关进狭小空间，束缚，限制 3 colloq.  pilfer, steal [口]小偷小摸，偷窃 4 Brit. colloq.  grumble [英口]抱怨，发牢骚 □ cribber  n.   [Old English crib(b)]

cribbage /ˈkribidʒ/ n.  a card game for two, three, or four players, in which the dealer may score from the cards in the crib (see 见 CRIB 6b) 克里比奇牌戏(一种供 2 人、 3 人或 4 人玩的纸牌戏) [17th c.: origin unknown]

cribbage board n.  a board with pegs and holes used for scoring at cribbage (用木钉插孔方法记分的)克里比奇牌戏记分板

crib-biting n.  a horse's habit of biting the manger while noisily breathing in and swallowing (马的)咬槽吞气的习癖

cribo /ˈkri:bəʊ, ˈkraibəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = INDIGO SNAKE  [19th c.: origin unknown]

cribriform /ˈkribrifɔ:m/ adj. Anat. & Bot.  having numerous small holes 【解】【植】筛状的，多孔的 [Latin cribrum ‘sieve’ + -FORM]

cribwork /ˈkribwɜ:k/ n.  = CRIBn. 7 

crick /krik/ n. & v. ●n.  a sudden painful stiffness in the neck or the back etc. (颈或背等的)痛性痉挛，痛痉 ●v. tr.  produce a crick in (the neck etc.) 引起(颈、背部等)痛痉，扭伤 [Middle English: origin unknown]

cricket1 /ˈkrikit/ n. & v. ●n.  a game played on a grass pitch with two teams of 11 players taking turns to bowl at a wicket defended by a batting player of the other team 板球运动 ●v. intr. (cricketed, cricketing)  play cricket 打板球 □ not cricket  Brit. colloq.  underhand or dishonourable behaviour contrary to traditional standards [英口]不光明正大，不公正□ cricketer  n.   [16th c.: origin uncertain]

cricket2 /ˈkrikit/ n.  any of various grasshopper-like insects of the order Orthoptera and esp. of the family Gryllidae, the males of which produce a characteristic chirping sound 蟋蟀 [Middle English from Old French criquet, from criquer ‘creak’ (imitative)]

cricket bag n.  a long bag used for carrying a cricketer's bat etc. 板球球板袋

cricoid /ˈkraikɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  ring-shaped 环状的 ●n. (in full 全称 cricoid cartilage) Anat.  the ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx 【解】(咽喉下部的)环状软骨 [modern Latin cricoides from Greek krikoeidēs, from krikos ‘ring’]

cri de cœur /kri: də ˈkɜ:, 法 kri də kœr/ n. (pl. cris de cœur pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a passionate appeal, complaint, or protest 衷心的恳求，呼吁；抱怨；强烈抗议 [French, = cry from the heart]

cried past and past part.  of CRY 

crier /ˈkraiə/ n. (also 亦作 cryer)  1  a person who cries 叫喊者；哭泣者 2  an officer who makes public announcements in a court of justice (法庭上的)传呼员，庭吏 [Middle English from Anglo-French criour, Old French criere, from crier CRY]

crikey /ˈkraiki/ int. Brit. colloq.  an expression of astonishment [英口] (表示惊讶的用语)嗳，呀，唷 [euphemism for CHRIST]

crim /krim/ n. & adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  = CRIMINAL  [abbreviation]

crime /kraim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a serious offence punishable by law 罪，罪行b  illegal acts as a whole (总称)犯罪，罪恶  resorted to crime  采用犯罪的方式 2  an evil act 罪过，犯罪行为  a crime against humanity  危害人类罪 3 colloq.  a shameful act [口]憾事，羞耻事  a crime to tease them  戏弄他们是一种可耻的行为 4 Brit.  a soldier's offence against military regulations [英] (士兵)违反军纪的行为 ●v. tr. Brit. Mil.  etc. charge with or convict of an offence [英]【军】指控…违反军纪，宣布…违反军纪 [Middle English via Old French from Latin crimen -minis ‘judgement, offence’]

crime fighter n.  a person who fights crime 打击犯罪的勇士 □ crime-fighting  n.  

crime passionnel /ˌkri:m pæsjəˈnel, 法 krim pɑsjɔnɛl/ n. (pl. crimes passionnels pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a crime, esp. murder, committed in a fit of sexual jealousy 色情犯罪，(尤指)情杀罪 [French, = crime of passion]

crime sheet n. Brit. Mil.  a record of a defendant's offences [英]【军】(士兵)违反军纪的记录

crime wave n.  a sudden increase in crime 犯罪率激增

crime writer n.  a writer of detective fiction or thrillers 侦探小说作家，恐怖小说作家

criminal /ˈkrimin(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who has committed a crime or crimes 罪犯，犯人 ●adj.  1  of, involving, or concerning crime 犯罪的，犯法的；关于犯罪的  criminal records  犯罪前科记录 criminal offence  刑事犯罪 2  having committed (and usu. been convicted of) a crime 犯了罪的；被宣告有罪的 3 Law  relating to or expert in criminal law rather than civil or political matters 【法律】(区别于民事的或政治的)刑事的  criminal code  刑事法典 criminal lawyer  刑事辩护律师 4 colloq.  scandalous, deplorable [口]丑恶可耻的；令人遗憾的 □ criminality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  犯罪性；犯罪行为□ criminally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin criminalis (as CRIME)]

criminalistic /ˌkriminəˈlistik/ adj.  relating to criminals or their habits 关于罪犯的；关于罪犯习惯的

criminalistics /ˌkriminəˈlistiks/ n. esp. US  forensic science [尤美]刑事侦察学，犯罪侦察学

criminalize /ˈkrimin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  turn (an activity) into a criminal offence by making it illegal 使(某种行为)违法 2  turn (a person) into a criminal, esp. by making his or her activities illegal (尤指使其活动非法而)使(某人)成为罪犯 □ criminalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

criminal law n.  law concerned with punishment of offenders (opp. 反义 CIVIL LAW 1) 刑法

criminal libel n. Law  a deliberate defamatory statement in a permanent form 【法律】诽谤罪

criminal record  see 见 RECORD n. 6 

criminology /krimiˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of crime 犯罪学 □ criminological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ criminologist  n.   [Latin crimen -minis CRIME + -OLOGY]

crimp /krimp/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  compress into small folds or ridges; frill 把…压成褶子，使有褶 2  make narrow wrinkles or flutings in; corrugate 使起皱；使有波纹 3  make waves in (the hair) with a hot iron 使(头发)卷曲，使成波形 ●n.  a crimped thing or form 皱缩(物)，卷曲(物)；皱褶 □ put a crimp in  N. Amer. slang  thwart; interfere with [北美] [俚语]阻止，阻挠；妨碍□ crimper  n.  卷发器；折皱器；(瓶盖等)折皱压紧机□ crimpy  adj.  □ crimpily  adv.  □ crimpiness  n.   [Middle English, probably ultimately from Old High German krimphan]

crimplene /ˈkrimpli:n/ n. propr.  a synthetic crease-resistant fibre and fabric [商标]克林普纶(一种不易起皱的合成织物)

crimson /ˈkrimz(ə)n/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  of a rich deep red inclining to purple 深红色的，绯红色的 ●n.  this colour 深红色，绯红色 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become crimson 使成绯红色，变成绯红色 [Middle English cremesin, crimesin, ultimately from Arabic ḳirmizī KERMES]

cringe /krin(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (cringing)  1  shrink back in fear or apprehension; cower 蜷缩；畏缩；退缩 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  behave obsequiously 卑躬屈膝，阿谀奉承 ●n.  the act or an instance of cringing 卑躬屈膝，阿谀奉承 □ cringer  n.   [Middle English crenge, crenche, Old English cringan, crincan: see CRANK1]

cringle /ˈkriŋɡ(ə)l/ n. Naut.  an eye of rope containing a thimble for another rope to pass through 【海】(船帆边上的)索耳，索眼 [Low German kringel, diminutive of kring ‘ring’, from the root of CRANK1]

crinkle /ˈkriŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a wrinkle or crease in paper, cloth, etc. (纸张、布料等的)皱褶，皱纹，折痕 ●v.  1 intr.  form crinkles 起皱，卷曲 2 tr.  form crinkles in 使起皱，使卷曲 □ crinkly  adj.   [Middle English from Old English crincan: see CRANK1]

crinkle-cut adj. (of vegetables) cut with wavy edges (蔬菜)用波状刀切碎的

crinoid /ˈkrainɔid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  any echinoderm of the class Crinoidea, usu. sedentary with feathery arms, e.g. sea lilies and feather stars 棘皮动物，海百合纲动物(如海百合和毛头星) ●adj.  of or relating to this class (关于)海百合纲的 □ crinoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek krinoeidēs ‘lily-like’ from krinon ‘lily’]

crinoline /ˈkrin(ə)lin/ n.  1  a stiffened or hooped petticoat formerly worn to make a long skirt stand out (旧时撑起长裙的)硬衬布衬裙，圈环衬裙 2  a stiff fabric of horsehair etc. used for linings, hats, etc. (用马毛等织成可作衬里、帽子等的)硬衬布 [French, from Latin crinis ‘hair’ + linum ‘thread’]

cripple /ˈkrip(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. archaic or offens.  a person who is permanently lame [古义] [冒犯]跛子，瘸子 ●v. tr.  1  make a cripple of; lame 使跛，使瘸 2  disable, impair 使伤残，使丧失劳动能力 3  weaken or damage (an institution, enterprise, etc.) seriously 使(机构、企业等)严重削弱，严重损坏  crippled by the loss of funding  因资金损失而陷于瘫痪 □ crippledom  n.  □ crippler  n.   [Old English crypel, related to CREEP]■Usage 用法说明 The term cripple is no longer acceptable as a noun referring to a person. Disabled is usually used instead. Cripple 一词用作名词表示“跛子，瘸子”的用法已经不再为人们所接受，通常代之以 disabled 。 

cris var.  of KRIS  KRIS 的变体

crisis /ˈkraisis/ n. (pl. crises /-si:z/)  1  a  a decisive moment 决定性时刻b  a time of danger or great difficulty 危机；危急关头 2  the turning point, esp. of a disease (尤指疾病的)危险期 [Latin from Greek krisis ‘decision’, from krinō ‘decide’]

crisis management n.  the practice of taking managerial action only when a crisis has developed 危机管理(指仅在出现危机时才采取管理措施的做法)

crisp /krisp/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  hard but brittle 硬而脆的，松脆的 2  a (of air) bracing (空气)清新的，凉爽的b (of a style or manner) lively, brisk and decisive (风格或举止)有生气的，活泼的；干脆的，干净利落的c (of features etc.) neat and clear-cut (特征等)清晰的，轮廓分明的d (of paper) stiff and crackling (纸张)挺括的e (of hair) closely curling (头发)卷曲的，起波纹的 ●n. (in full 全称 potato crisp) Brit.  a wafer-thin slice of potato fried until crisp and eaten as a snack or appetizer [英]油炸土豆片 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  make or become crisp 使发脆，变脆 2  curl in short stiff folds or waves 使卷曲，变卷曲 □ burn to a crisp   make inedible or useless by burning 烧焦□ crisply  adv.  □ crispness  n.   [Old English from Latin crispus ‘curled’]

crispate /ˈkrispeit/ adj.  1  crisped 卷缩的，卷曲的 2 Bot. & Zool.  having a wavy margin 【植】【动】皱波状的，具波缘的 [Latin crispare ‘curl’]

crispbread /ˈkrispbred/ n.  1  a thin crisp biscuit of crushed rye etc. (用碾碎的黑麦等制作的)薄脆饼干 2  these collectively (总称)薄脆饼干  a packet of crispbread  一包薄脆饼干

crisper /ˈkrispə/ n.  a compartment in a refrigerator for storing fruit and vegetables (冰箱中盛放水果、蔬菜的)保鲜储藏隔层

crispy /ˈkrispi/ adj. (crispier, crispiest)  1  crisp, brittle 脆的；易碎的 2  curly 卷曲的；有波纹的 3  brisk 活泼的，有生气的 □ crispiness  n.  

criss-cross /ˈkriskrɒs/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  a pattern of crossing lines 十字形，十字图案 2  the crossing of lines or currents etc. (直线或水流等的)纵横交错，杂乱无章 ●adj.  crossing; in cross lines 十字形的；交叉的  criss-cross marking  十字标记 ●adv.  crosswise; at cross purposes 十字状地；相矛盾地 ●v.  1 intr.  a  intersect repeatedly 往来，往返b  move crosswise 交叉运行；交叉往来 2 tr.  mark or make with a criss-cross pattern 作十字标记；构成十字图案 [17th c., from Christ's cross: later treated as reduplication of CROSS]

crista /ˈkristə/ n. (pl. cristae /-ti:/)  1 Anat. & Zool.  a ridge or crest 【解】【动】脊；羽冠 2 Anat.  an infold of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion 【解】(线粒体内膜的)折迭 □ cristate  adj.   [Latin]

cristobalite /kriˈstəʊbəlait/ n. Mineral.  a principal form of silica, occurring as opal 【矿】方石英(以蛋白石形式存在的硅石) [German Cristobalit, from Cerro San Cristóbal in Mexico, where it was discovered]

crit /krit/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  = CRITICISM 2  2  = CRITIQUE  3 Physics  critical mass 【物理学】临界质量 [abbreviation]

criterion /kraiˈtiəriən/ n. (pl. criteria /-riə/)  a principle or standard that a thing is judged by (衡量事物的)标准，准则，尺度 □ criterial  adj.   [Greek kritērion ‘means of judging’ (cf. CRITIC)]■Usage 用法说明 The plural form of criterion, criteria, is often used incorrectly as the singular. In the singular, criterion should always be used. Criterion 一词的复数形式 criteria 常常被错误地用作单数。其实，该词的单数形式总是 criterion 。 

critic /ˈkritik/ n.  1  a person who censures 批评者；吹毛求疵者，爱挑剔的人 2  a person who reviews or judges the merits of literary, artistic, or musical works etc., esp. regularly or professionally (尤指专业的文学、艺术或音乐等的)批评家，评论家，评论员 3  a person engaged in textual criticism 校勘家 [Latin criticus from Greek kritikos, via kritēs ‘judge’ from krinō ‘judge, decide’]

critical /ˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  making or involving adverse or censorious comments or judgements 吹毛求疵的，好挑剔的b  expressing or involving criticism 批评的；评论性的 2  skilful at or engaged in criticism 善于评论的；从事评论工作的 3  providing textual criticism 附有异文校勘材料的  a critical edition of Milton  弥尔顿作品异文校勘版 4  a  of or at a crisis; involving risk or suspense 危急的，危机的；严重的；悬而未决的  in a critical condition  处于危急情况中 a critical operation  紧急行动b  decisive, crucial 决定性的，关键的  of critical importance  极为重要 at the critical moment  在关键时刻 5  a Math. & Physics  marking a transition from one state etc. to another 【数】【物理学】临界的  critical angle  临界角b Physics (of a nuclear reactor) maintaining a self-sustaining chain reaction 【物理学】(核反应堆)达到临界状态的 □ criticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n. (in sense 5 用于释义 5)  □ critically  adv.  □ criticalness  n.   [Latin criticus: see CRITIC]

critical apparatus n.  = APPARATUS 4 

critical mass n.  1  the amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction 临界质量(指维持核反应堆链式反应所必需的可裂变物质数量) 2  the minimum size required to start a thing off or to keep a thing going (使事情开始或维持运行所需要的)最低数量

critical path n.  the sequence of stages determining the minimum time needed for an operation 关键途径(保证操作最低时限的关键步骤之序列)

critical temperature n.  the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure 临界温度(气体在高于这个温度的情况下不能加压变成液态)

criticaster /kritiˈkæstə, ˈkritikæstə/ n.  a minor or inferior critic 拙劣的评论家

criticism /ˈkritisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  finding fault; censure 指责，非难；批评，批判b  a statement or remark expressing this 批评意见；指责的话 2  a  the work of a critic (某评论家的)作品b  an article, essay, etc., expressing or containing an analytical evaluation of something 评论；评论文章 [CRITIC or Latin criticus + -ISM]

criticize /ˈkritisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  find fault with; censure 指责，非难；批评，批判 2  discuss critically 评论，评价 □ criticizable  adj.  □ criticizer  n.  

critique /kriˈti:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a critical essay or analysis; an instance or the process of formal criticism 评论文章；评论 ●v. tr. (critiques, critiqued, critiquing)  discuss critically 评论，评价 [French, from Greek kritikē tekhnē ‘critical art’]

critter /ˈkritə/ n.  1 dial. or joc.  a creature [方] [诙]生物，动物 2 derog.  a person [贬]人 [variant of CREATURE]

croak /krəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a deep hoarse sound as of a frog or a raven (青蛙或乌鸦)呱呱叫声 2  a sound resembling this 似呱呱叫的声音，低沉而嘶哑的声音 ●v.  1  a intr.  utter a croak 发呱呱叫声b tr.  utter with a croak or in a dismal manner 用低沉嘶哑的声音说出，用忧郁的方式讲话 2 slang [俚语]  a intr.  die 死亡b tr.  kill 杀害，谋害 [Middle English: imitative]

croaker /ˈkrəʊkə/ n.  1  an animal that croaks 呱呱叫的动物 2  a prophet of evil 预报凶事者

croaky /ˈkrəʊki/ adj. (croakier, croakiest) (of a voice) croaking; hoarse (声音)低沉的，嘶哑的 □ croakily  adv.  

Croat /ˈkrəʊæt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Croatia in the former Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫的)克罗地亚人b  a person of Croatian descent 克罗地亚血统的人 2  the Slavonic dialect of the Croats (cf. 参见 SERBO-CROAT) 克罗地亚语(指克罗地亚人的斯拉夫方言) ●adj.  of or relating to the Croats or their dialect. 克罗地亚人的；克罗地亚语的 [modern Latin Croatae from Serbo-Croatian Hrvat]

Croatia   克罗地亚

Croatian /krəʊˈeiʃiən, -ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj.  = CROAT 

croc /krɒk/ n. colloq.  a crocodile [口]鳄，鳄鱼 [abbreviation]

croceate /ˈkrəʊsieit/ adj.  saffron-coloured 藏红花色的，番红花色的 [Latin croceus from CROCUS]

crochet /ˈkrəʊʃei, -ʃi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a handicraft in which yarn is made up into a patterned fabric by means of a hooked needle 钩针编织 2  work made in this way 钩针编织品 ●v. (crocheted /-ʃeid/; crocheting /-ʃeiiŋ/)  1 tr.  make by crocheting 用钩针编织 2 intr.  do crochet 钩针编织 □ crocheter  /ˈkrəʊʃeiə/ n.   [French, diminutive of croc ‘hook’]

croci pl.  of CROCUS  

crocidolite /krə(ʊ)ˈsidəlait/ n.  a fibrous blue or green silicate of iron and sodium; blue asbestos 青石棉(矿物) [Greek krokis -idos ‘nap of cloth’]

crock1 /krɒk/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  1  an inefficient, broken-down, or worn-out person 不称职者；年老体衰者；疲惫不堪者 2  a worn-out vehicle, ship, etc. 破旧车辆(船只等) ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  break down, collapse 衰竭；身体垮掉 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  disable, cause to collapse 使残废；使身体垮掉 [originally Scots, perhaps from Flemish: probably related to CRACK]

crock2 /krɒk/ n.  1  an earthenware pot or jar 瓦罐，坛子 2  a broken piece of earthenware 碎瓦片 [Old English croc(ca)]

crockery /ˈkrɒk(ə)ri/ n.  earthenware or china dishes, plates, etc. 陶器；瓷碟(瓷盘等) [obsolete crocker ‘potter’: see CROCK2]

crocket /ˈkrɒkit/ n. Archit.  a small carved ornament (usu. a bud or curled leaf) on the inclined side of a pinnacle etc. 【建】(尖塔斜面等上的)花苞(或卷叶)，小花饰 [Middle English from a variant of Old French crochet: see CROCHET]

crocodile /ˈkrɒkədail/ n.  1  a  a large tropical or subtropical amphibious reptile (crocodilian) of the family Crocodylidae, with long jaws (narrower than those of an alligator) 鳄，鳄鱼(热带或亚热带鳄亚科两栖爬行动物)b  leather from its skin, used to make bags, shoes, etc. 鳄鱼皮革(用于制作提包、皮鞋等) 2 Brit. colloq.  a line of schoolchildren etc. walking in pairs [英口] (两人一排行进的)一队(小学生等) [Middle English via Old French cocodrille, medieval Latin cocodrillus, and Latin crocodilus from Greek krokodilos ‘worm of the stones’, from krokē ‘pebble’ + drilos ‘worm’]

crocodile clip n.  a clip with teeth for gripping 鳄鱼式夹钳

crocodile tears n.  insincere grief (from the belief that crocodiles wept while devouring or alluring their prey) 鳄鱼眼泪，假慈悲(来自鳄鱼在吞食或诱捕猎物时落泪的说法)

crocodilian /krɒkəˈdiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any large predatory amphibious reptile of the order Crocodilia, with long jaws, short legs, and a powerful tail, including crocodiles, alligators, caymans, and gharials 鳄目动物(包括鳄鱼、短吻鳄、宽吻鳄和长吻鳄) ●adj.  of or relating to the crocodilians 鳄类动物的

crocus /ˈkrəʊkəs/ n. (pl. crocuses or croci /-kai, -ki:/)  a small spring-flowering plant of the genus Crocus (iris family), growing from a corm and having bright yellow, purple, or white flowers See also 另见 AUTUMN CROCUS 藏红花，番红花(鸢尾属植物，初春时开黄、紫或白色花) [Middle English, = saffron (obtained from a species of crocus), via Latin from Greek krokos ‘crocus’, of Semitic origin]

Croesus /ˈkri:səs/ n.  a person of great wealth 富豪，大财主 [name of a king of Lydia (6th c. BC)]

croft /krɒft/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  an enclosed piece of (usu. arable) land (圈起的通常可耕作的)小块土地 2  a small rented farm in Scotland or northern England (苏格兰或英格兰北部)租赁的小农场 ●v. intr.  farm a croft; live as a crofter 耕种小块土地，当佃农为生 [Old English: origin unknown]

crofter /ˈkrɒftə/ n. Brit.  a person who rents a smallholding, esp. a joint tenant of a divided farm in parts of Scotland [英] (苏格兰部分地区租种小农场的)佃农

Crohn's disease /ˈkrəʊnz/ n.  a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum, causing ulcers and fistulae 克罗恩病(一种慢性肠道炎症，尤指结肠和回肠炎，可引起溃疡和瘘管) [named after B. B. Crohn, US pathologist d. 1983]

croissant /ˈkrwæsɒŋ/ n.  a crescent-shaped roll made of rich yeast pastry 新月形面包，羊角面包 [French, formed as CRESCENT]

Cro-Magnon /krəʊˈmænjɒ˜, -ˈmæɡnən/ adj. Anthropol.  of a tall broad-faced European race of late palaeolithic times 【人】克罗马努人(旧石器时代晚期欧洲一个身材高大方脸庞的民族) [name of a hill in the Dordogne, France, where remains were found in 1868]

cromlech /ˈkrɒmlek/ n.  1 (in Wales) a megalithic tomb (威尔士)巨石墓，石板墓 2 (in Brittany) a stone circle (法国布列塔尼)石圈(排列成环形的坚石) [Welsh (from crom, fem. of crwm ‘arched’ + llech ‘flat stone’); in sense 2 via French from Breton krommlec'h]

crone /krəʊn/ n.  1  a withered old woman 干瘪的老太婆 2  an old ewe 老母羊 [Middle English, ultimately from Old Norman French carogne CARRION]

cronk /krɒŋk/ adj. Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  unsound; liable to collapse 体弱的，有病的；可能病倒的 2  a  fraudulent 欺骗性的，欺诈性的b (of a racehorse) dishonestly run, unfit (赛马)不宜参加比赛的 [19th c.: cf. CRANK3]

crony /ˈkrəʊni/ n. (pl. -ies) often derog.  a close friend or companion [常贬]密友，亲密伙伴 [17th-c. chrony, Cambridge university slang, from Greek khronios ‘long-standing’ from khronos ‘time’]

crook /krʊk/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the hooked staff of a shepherd or bishop (牧羊人或主教的)曲柄杖 2  a  a bend, curve, or hook 弯曲，弯曲部分；钩子b  anything hooked or curved 钩形物，弯曲物 3 colloq. [口]  a  a rogue; a swindler 流氓，恶棍；骗子b  a professional criminal 职业罪犯 ●v. tr. & intr.  bend, curve (使)弯曲，(使)成钩形 ●adj.  1 Brit.  crooked [英]弯曲的，钩形的 2 Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  a  unsatisfactory, out of order; (of a person) unwell, injured 不能令人满意的；出故障的；(人)有病的，受伤的b  unpleasant 令人不快的c  dishonest, unscrupulous 不老实的，肆无忌惮的d  bad-tempered, irritable, angry 脾气坏的，易怒的，生气的 □ go crook  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, on) Austral. & NZ colloq.  lose one's temper; become angry [澳新口]发火，发脾气□ crookery  n.  欺诈，欺诈行为 [Middle English from Old Norse krókr ‘hook’]

crookback /ˈkrʊkbæk/ n.  a hunchback 驼背，驼背者 □ crookbacked  adj.  

crooked /ˈkrʊkid/ adj. (crookeder, crookedest)  1  a  not straight or level; bent, curved, twisted 不直的，不平坦的；弯曲的；盘绕的b  deformed, bent with age 变形的，(因年老而)弯腰驼背的 2 colloq.  not straightforward; dishonest [口]不正直的，不诚实的 3 /krʊkt/ Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  = CROOKadj. 2  4 (foll. by 后跟 on) Austral. slang  hostile to [澳] [俚语]不友善的，怀敌意的 □ crookedly  adv.  □ crookedness  n.   [Middle English from CROOK, probably modelled on Old Norse krókóttr]

croon /kru:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  hum or sing in a low subdued voice, esp. in a sentimental manner (尤充满柔情地)低声吟唱，轻声哼唱 ●n.  such singing 低吟，哼唱 □ crooner  n.  低声哼唱者；低吟歌手 [Middle English (originally Scots & northern English) from Middle Dutch & Middle Low German krōnen ‘groan, lament’]

crop /krɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the produce of cultivated plants, esp. cereals 作物，庄稼(尤指谷物)b  the season's total yield of this 收成，产量  a good crop  好收成 2  a group or an amount produced or appearing at one time (同时出现或生产的)一群，一批  this year's crop of students  今年的毕业生 3 (in full 全称 hunting crop)  the stock or handle of a whip 鞭把 4  a  a style of hair cut very short (指发式)平头b  the cropping of hair 剪平头 5 Zool. 【动】  a  the pouch in a bird's gullet where food is stored or prepared for digestion (鸟类的)嗉囊b  a similar organ in other animals (其他动物)类似嗉囊的器官 6  the entire tanned hide of an animal (鞣制的)整张兽皮 7  a piece cut off or out of something 切下的部分 ●v. (cropped, cropping)  1 tr.  a  cut off 割下，剪下，切下b (of animals) bite off and eat (the tops of plants) (动物)啃掉(植物的顶部) 2 tr.  cut (hair, cloth, edges of a book, etc.) short 剪短(头发)；修剪(布料、书边等) 3 tr.  gather or reap (produce) 收割，收获 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  sow or plant (land) with a crop 在(土地)上播种，种植，种庄稼 5 intr. (of land) bear a crop (土地)长庄稼，收获庄稼 □ crop out  Geol.  appear at the surface 【地质】(岩石、矿层等)露头，露出地面□ crop up   1 (of a subject, circumstance, etc.) appear or come to one's notice unexpectedly (问题、情况等)意外地出现，意外地引起注意 2 Geol.  appear at the surface 【地质】(岩石、矿层等)露头，露出地面 [Old English crop(p)]

crop circle n.  a circular depression in a standing crop, often only visible from the air 作物倒伏怪圈(未收割谷物呈环形的倒伏，通常只有在空中才能看到)

crop dusting n.  the spraying of powdered insecticide or fertilizer on crops, esp. from the air 作物喷粉(尤指从空中喷洒杀虫剂粉末或肥料)

crop-eared adj.  having the ears (esp. of animals) or hair cut short (尤指动物)被剪去耳尖的；毛发剪短的

crop-full adj.  having a full crop or stomach 满腹的，满腔的

crop-over n.  a W. Indian celebration marking the end of the sugar cane harvest (西印度群岛)甘蔗收割结束时的庆祝

cropper /ˈkrɒpə/ n.  a crop-producing plant of specified quality (具有某种特性的)作物  a good cropper  优良作物 a heavy cropper  高产作物 □ come a cropper  colloq. [口]  1  fall heavily 重重地摔倒 2  fail badly 惨败

croquet /ˈkrəʊkei, -ki/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a game played on a lawn, with wooden balls which are driven through a series of hoops with mallets 槌球游戏(在草坪上进行，用木槌击打木球钻过一系列的小圈) 2  the act of croqueting a ball 贴击(指槌球游戏中将自己的球紧贴在对方的球旁，然后击打以撞走对方的球) ●v. tr. (croqueted /-keid/; croqueting /-keiiŋ/)  drive away (one's opponent's ball in croquet) by placing one's own against it and striking one's own 贴击(对方的球) [perhaps a dialect form of French CROCHET ‘hook’]

croquette /krɒˈket/ n.  a fried breaded roll or ball of mashed potato or minced meat etc. (用面包、土豆泥或肉馅等做的)油炸丸子 [French from croquer ‘crunch’]

crore /krɔ:/ n. Anglo-Ind. [印英]  1  ten million 1000 万 2  one hundred lakhs (of rupees, units of measurement, persons, etc.) 1000 万(卢比、计量单位、人等) [Hindi k(a)rōr, ultimately from Sanskrit koṭi ‘apex’]

crosier /ˈkrəʊziə, -ʒə/ n. (also 亦作 crozier)  1  a hooked staff carried by a bishop as a symbol of pastoral office 主教权杖 2  a crook 曲柄杖 [originally = bearer of a crook, via Old French crocier & Old French croisier from crois CROSS]

cross /krɒs/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  an upright post with a transverse bar, as used in antiquity for crucifixion (古代处死刑用的)十字架 2  a (the Cross)  in Christianity, the cross on which Christ was crucified (耶稣基督被钉死在上面的)十字架b  a representation of this as an emblem of Christianity (作为基督教象征的)十字架c  = SIGN OF THE CROSS  3  a staff surmounted by a cross and borne before an archbishop or in a religious procession (象征大主教权力的)十字杖 4  a  a thing or mark shaped like a cross, esp. a figure made by two short intersecting lines (+ or ×) 十字形物，十字形 (+ 或×)b  a monument in the form of a cross, esp. one in the centre of a town or on a tomb (市中心的)十字形纪念碑；(坟墓上的)十字标 5  a cross-shaped decoration indicating rank in some orders of knighthood or awarded for personal valour (象征爵士身份或表彰英勇行为的)十字勋章 6  a  an intermixture of animal breeds or plant varieties (动、植物的)异种交配，杂交b  an animal or plant resulting from this 杂种，杂交品种 7 (foll. by 后跟 between)  a mixture or compromise of two things 混合物；折中物 8  a  a crosswise movement, e.g. of an actor on stage 横穿(如演员从舞台一边穿到另一边)b Football  etc. a pass of the ball across the pitch esp. towards the centre 【足球】横传(横过球场朝中心位置的传递)c Boxing  a blow with a crosswise movement of the fist 【拳击】迎击 9  a trial or affliction; something to be endured 苦难，磨难，烦恼  bear one's crosses  背十字架，忍受痛苦 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over; also absol. [亦含宾])  go across or to the other side of (a road, river, sea, etc.) 越过，穿过(公路)；渡过(河流、海洋等) 2  a intr.  intersect or be across one another 交叉，相交  the roads cross near the bridge  这几条路在大桥附近相交b tr.  cause to do this; place crosswise 使交叉，使相交  cross one's legs  交叉着双腿，盘腿 3 tr.  a  draw a line or lines across 画横线于b Brit.  mark (a cheque) with two parallel lines, and often an annotation, to indicate that it must be paid into a named bank account [英]在(支票)上画两条平行线(常加注解，表示只能转账到指定的银行账户) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out, through)  cancel or obliterate or remove from a list with lines drawn across 在…上打叉，划掉，勾销 5 tr. (often 常作 refl.)  make the sign of the cross on or over (基督教徒)用手画十字于… 6 intr.  a  pass in opposite or different directions 与…相遇而过b (of letters between two correspondents) each be dispatched before receipt of the other (双方的通信)互相错过c (of telephone lines) become wrongly interconnected so that intrusive calls can be heard (电话线)串线交扰 7 tr. Football  etc. pass (the ball) across the pitch, esp. towards the centre 【足球】横传 8 tr.  a  cause to interbreed 使(动物)杂交b  cross-fertilize (plants) 使(植物)异花受精 9 tr.  thwart or frustrate 阻挠；反对；使受挫折  crossed in love  恋爱受挫 10 tr. slang  cheat [俚语]欺骗 ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  peevish, angry 易怒的，脾气坏的 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  transverse; reaching from side to side 横断的；横贯的 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  intersecting 交叉的 4 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  contrary, opposed, reciprocal 相反的，逆的；相互的，交互的 □ as cross as two sticks  Brit.  extremely angry or peevish [英]非常生气的，愤怒的□ at cross purposes   misunderstanding or conflicting with one another 相互误解；相互矛盾□ cross one's fingers (or keep one's fingers crossed)   1  put one finger across another as a sign of hoping for good luck (两指交叉)祈求好运 2  trust in good luck 相信有好运□ cross the floor  Brit.  join the opposing side in a debating assembly [英] (在辩论会上)转而支持对方□ cross one's heart   make a solemn pledge, esp. by crossing one's front (尤指在胸前)画十字发誓□ cross one's mind  (of a thought etc.) occur to one, esp. transiently (念头等)出现；闪现，掠过□ cross a person's palm  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  pay a person for a favour 贿赂某人□ cross the path of   1  meet with (a person) 偶然遇见(某人) 2  thwart 阻挠，妨碍□ cross swords  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  encounter in opposition; have an argument or dispute 搏斗，较量；争论，争辩□ cross wires (or get one's wires crossed)   1  become wrongly connected by telephone 电话线串线交扰 2  have a misunderstanding 误解□ on the cross  Brit. [英]  1  diagonally 斜，对角地 2 slang  fraudulently, dishonestly [俚语]欺诈地，不诚实地□ crossly  adv.  □ crossness  n.   [Old English cros via Old Norse kross and Old Irish cros from Latin crux cruc-]

cross- /krɒs/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting movement or position across something (cross-channel 穿越海峡的 ; cross-country 越野的) 表示“横过”，“穿越” 2  denoting interaction (cross-breed 杂交 ; cross-curricular 跨学科的 ; cross-fertilize 异花受精) 表示“相互作用” 3  a  passing from side to side; transverse (crossbar 横木，横杆，单杠 ; cross-current 交叉水流，逆流) 表示“横断，横贯”b  having a transverse part (crossbow 弩，石弓) 表示“有横向组成部分的” 4  describing the form or figure of a cross (cross-keys 十字形钥匙 ; crossroads 交叉路，十字路口) 表示“交叉”，“十字”

crossbar /ˈkrɒsbɑ:/ n.  a horizontal bar, esp. held on a pivot or between two upright bars etc., e.g. of a bicycle or of a football goal (尤指枢轴上或两根直立棒杆之间的)闩，横杆(如自行车横梁、球门横梁)

cross-bedding /ˈkrɒsbediŋ/ n. Geol.  lines of stratification crossing the main rock strata Also called 亦称作 false bedding 【地质】交错层

cross-bench /ˈkrɒsbentʃ/ n. Brit.  a seat in Parliament (now only the House of Lords) occupied by a member not taking the whip from a political party [英]中立派议员席(议会中不属于执政党或反对党的议员席位，现仅限于上院) □ cross-bencher  n.  

crossbill /ˈkrɒsbil/ n.  a finch of the genus Loxia, having a bill with crossed mandibles with which it opens pine cones 红交嘴雀，交喙鸟(交嘴雀科鸣禽)

crossbones /ˈkrɒsbəʊnz/ n.  a representation of two crossed thigh bones 交叉的股骨图形

cross-border adj.  passing, occurring, or performed across a border between two countries 跨国界的

crossbow /ˈkrɒsbəʊ/ n. esp. hist.  a bow fixed across a wooden stock, with a groove for usu. a bolt and with a mechanism for drawing and releasing the string [尤史义]弩，石弓(一种古代武器) □ crossbowman  n. (pl. -men)  弩弓手

cross-breed /ˈkrɒsbri:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a breed of animals or plants produced by crossing (动、植物)杂交品种 2  an individual animal or plant of a cross-breed (动、植物)杂种 ●v. tr. (past and past part. -bred)  produce by crossing 使杂交繁育

cross-check /ˈkrɒstʃek/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  check by a second or alternative method, or by several methods 交叉检查；核对，核实 ●n.  an instance of cross-checking 交叉检查；核对，核实

cross-country /krɒsˈkʌntri/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  across fields or open country 越野的(地) 2  not keeping to main or direct roads 偏离干道的(地) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a cross-country race 越野赛跑

cross-cultural /krɒsˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to different cultures or comparison between them 交叉文化的，跨文化的

cross-cut /ˈkrɒskʌt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  cut across the main grain or axis 横切(木纹)的，横穿的 ●n.  a diagonal cut, path, etc. 横切，近路，捷径

cross-cut saw n.  a saw for cutting across the grain of wood 横割锯

cross-dating /ˈkrɒsdeitiŋ/ n. Archaeol.  dating by correlation with another site or level 【考古】对比年代

cross-dressing /krɒsˈdresiŋ/ n.  the practice of wearing the clothes of the opposite sex 男扮女装，女扮男装 □ cross-dress  v. intr.  穿异性服装，女扮男装，男扮女装□ cross-dresser  n.  

crosse /krɒs/ n.  a stick with a triangular net at the end for conveying the ball in lacrosse (兜网球的)网兜木棒 [French from Old French croce, croc ‘hook’]

cross-examine /krɒsiɡˈzæmin/ v. tr.  examine (esp. a witness in a law court) to check or extend testimony already given (尤指法庭上)盘诘，盘问(证人以核实证词) □ cross-examination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cross-examiner  n.  

cross-eyed /ˈkrɒsaid/ adj. (as a disorder) having one or both eyes turned permanently inwards towards the nose 内斜视的，内斜眼的，斗鸡眼的

cross-fade /ˈkrɒsfeid/ v. & n. Radio etc. 【无线电】  ●v. intr.  fade in one sound as another is faded out (声音)交替淡变，平滑转换 ●n.  an act of cross-fading (声音的)交替淡变，平滑转换

cross-fertilize /krɒsˈfɜ:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  fertilize (an animal or plant) from another usu. of the same species 使(动物)异体受精；使(植物)异花受精 2  help by the interchange of ideas etc. (通过交流思想等)相互得益 □ cross-fertilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

crossfire /ˈkrɒsfaiə/ n.  1  firing in two crossing directions simultaneously 交叉火力 2  a  attack or criticism from several sources at once 交叉攻击(或批评)b  a lively or combative exchange of views etc. (观点等的)激烈交锋

cross-grain /ˈkrɒsɡrein/ n.  a grain in timber that runs across the regular grain (木材的)逆纹，斜纹 often 常作 attrib.: cross-grain shrinkage  逆纹皱缩

cross-grained /ˈkrɒsɡreind/ adj.  1 (of timber) having a cross-grain (木材)逆纹的，斜纹的 2  perverse, intractable 倔强的；棘手的

cross-hair /ˈkrɒshɛə/ n.  a fine wire at the focus of an optical instrument for use in measurement etc. (光学仪器镜头上起测量等作用的)十字丝，叉丝

cross-hatch /ˈkrɒshætʃ/ v. tr.  shade with intersecting sets of parallel lines 用(若干组交叉平行线)表现阴影

cross-head /ˈkrɒshed/ n.  1  a bar between the piston rod and connecting rod in a steam engine (蒸汽机活塞杆与连杆之间的)十字头 2  = CROSS-HEADING 

cross-heading /ˈkrɒshediŋ/ n.  a heading to a paragraph printed across a column in the body of an article in a newspaper etc. (报纸等文章内的)小标题

crossing /ˈkrɒsiŋ/ n.  1  a place where things (esp. roads) cross 交叉点(尤指十字路口) 2  a place at which one may cross a street etc. (大街等的)人行横道  pedestrian crossing  人行横道 3  a journey across water 横越，横渡  had a smooth crossing  渡海时风平浪静 4  the intersection of a church nave and transepts (十字形教堂中)中殿与耳堂相交处 5 Biol.  mating 【生】交配，交尾，杂交

crossing over n.  an exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes (cf. 参见 RECOMBINATION) (同源染色体间遗传物质的)交换

cross-legged /krɒsˈleɡd, -ˈleɡid, ˈkrɒs-/ adj.  with one leg crossed over the other 盘腿的，跷着二郎腿的

cross-link /ˈkrɒsliŋk/ n. (also 亦作 cross-linkage) Chem.  a bond between chains of atoms in a polymer etc. 【化】(聚合物原子链之间的)交联键

crossmatch /krɒsˈmætʃ/ v. tr. Med.  test the compatibility of (a donor's and a recipient's blood or tissue) 【医】化验(血液或组织的捐赠者与接受者的)亲和性 □ crossmatching  n.  

crossover /ˈkrɒsəʊvə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a point or place of crossing from one side to the other 跨路线桥；渡口；人行横道 2  the process of crossing over, esp. from one style or genre to another 改变风格(或种类) ●adj.  1  having a part that crosses over 交叉的；交换的 2  that crosses over, esp. from one style or genre to another 改变风格(或种类)的

crosspatch /ˈkrɒspætʃ/ n. colloq.  a bad-tempered person [口]脾气暴躁的人 [CROSS adj. 1 + obsolete patch ‘fool, clown’]

crosspiece /ˈkrɒspi:s/ n.  a transverse beam or other component of a structure etc. (结构或装置的)横档，横杆

cross-ply /ˈkrɒsplai/ adj. Brit. (of a tyre) having fabric layers with cords lying crosswise [英] (轮胎)有交叉帘布层的

cross-pollinate /krɒsˈpɒlineit/ v. tr.  pollinate (a plant) with pollen from another plant 使(植物)异花传粉 □ cross-pollination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

cross-question /krɒsˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  = CROSS-EXAMINE 

cross-refer /krɒsriˈfɜ:/ v. intr. (-referred, -referring)  refer from one part of a book, article, etc., to another (在同一书籍或文章等中)相互参照

cross-reference /ˈkrɒsref(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  a reference from one part of a book, article, etc., to another (同一书籍、文章等中的)相互参照，互见 ●v. tr.  provide with cross-references 提供相互参照

cross-rhythm /ˈkrɒsrið(ə)m/ n.  1  a rhythm used simultaneously with another rhythm or other rhythms 交叉节奏(指一个节奏与其他节奏同时使用) 2  an instance of using two or more rhythms simultaneously 交叉节奏，混合节奏(即同时使用两个以上的节奏)

crossroad /ˈkrɒsrəʊd/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an intersection of two or more roads 十字路口，交叉路口 2 US  a road that crosses a main road or joins two main roads [美]交叉路，(连接两条主要道路的)横路，支路 □ at the crossroads   at a critical point in one's life 处在(人生的)关键时期，面临着重大抉择

cross-ruff /ˈkrɒsrʌf/ n. & v. Bridge etc. 【桥牌】  ●n.  the alternate trumping of partners' leads 交叉吃张(指搭档之间互出对方缺门的牌为对方赢得出牌权) ●v. intr.  play in this way (和搭档)交叉吃张地出牌

cross-section /krɒsˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a cutting of a solid at right angles to an axis 横断，横切，横截b  a plane surface produced in this way 横断面，横切面，截面，剖面c  a representation of this 截面图，剖面图 2  a representative sample, esp. of people (尤指人)典型，具有代表性的实例 3 Physics  a quantity expressing the probability of interaction between subatomic particles 【物理学】(核反应的)有效截面(用于表达亚原子粒子间相互作用的可能性) □ cross-sectional  adj.  

cross stitch n. & v. ●n.  1  a stitch formed of two stitches crossing each other 十字形针迹 2  needlework done using this stitch 十字形针迹刺绣 ●v. tr. (作 cross-stitch)  sew or embroider with cross stitches 用十字形针迹缝制(或刺绣)

cross-subsidize /krɒsˈsʌbsidaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  subsidize out of the profits of another business or activity 交叉补贴(即用其他生意或活动的利润来补贴) □ cross-subsidy  n.  

crosstalk /ˈkrɒstɔ:k/ n.-  1  unwanted transfer of signals between communication channels (电信频道之间的)串话干扰 2 Brit.  witty talk; repartee [英]机敏的应答，巧辩；相声

crosstrees /ˈkrɒstri:z/ n. pl. Naut.  a pair of horizontal timbers at the top of a lower mast, supporting the topmast 【海】桅顶横杆(装在下桅顶部以支撑中桅的一对横杆)

cross-voting /ˈkrɒsvəʊtiŋ/ n.  voting for a party not one's own, or for more than one party 跨党投票(即投非自己党派或投一个以上党派的票)

crosswalk /ˈkrɒswɔ:k/ n. N. Amer. & Austral.  a pedestrian crossing [北美澳]人行横道

crossways /ˈkrɒsweiz/ adv.  = CROSSWISE 

crosswind /ˈkrɒswind/ n.  a wind blowing across one's direction of travel 侧风

crosswise /ˈkrɒswaiz/ adj. & adv.  1  in the form of a cross; intersecting 成十字形的(地)，交叉的(地) 2  transverse or transversely 横向的(地)，横越的(地)，横跨的(地)

crossword /ˈkrɒswɜ:d/ n. (also 亦作 crossword puzzle)  a puzzle of a grid of squares and blanks into which words crossing vertically and horizontally have to be filled from clues 纵横填字谜，纵横填字游戏

crostini /krɒˈsti:ni/ n. pl.  small pieces of toasted or fried bread served with a topping as a starter (作为第一道菜的)烤(或油炸)面包小块 [Italian, pl. of crostino ‘little crust’]

crotch /krɒtʃ/ n.  a place where something forks, esp. the legs of the human body or a garment (cf. 参见 CRUTCH 3) 分叉部位；(尤指人体的)两腿分叉处，胯部；裤裆部位 [perhaps = Middle English & Old French croc(he) ‘hook’, formed as CROOK]

crotchet /ˈkrɒtʃit/ n.  1 Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of a quarter of a semibreve and usu. representing one beat, drawn as a large dot with a stem [英]【音】四分音符(通常为一拍) 2  a whimsical fancy 怪念头，怪癖 3  a hook 小钩，钩状物 [Middle English from Old French crochet, diminutive of croc ‘hook’ (see CROTCH)]

crotchety /ˈkrɒtʃiti/ adj.  peevish, irritable 脾气坏的，易怒的，急躁的 □ crotchetiness  n.   [CROTCHET 2 + -Y1]

croton /ˈkrəʊt(ə)n/ n.  1  any small tree or shrub of the genus Croton, producing a capsule-like fruit 巴豆属树木(矮小乔木或灌木，果实形似胶囊) 2  any small tree or shrub of the genus Codiaeum, esp. C. variegatum, with coloured ornamental leaves 变叶木(彩色叶子可供观赏) [modern Latin from Greek krotōn ‘sheep-tick, croton’ (from the shape of its seeds)]

croton oil n.  a powerful purgative obtained from the fruit of Croton tiglium 巴豆油(从巴豆子中提取的油脂，为强效泻药)

crouch /kraʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  lower the body with the limbs close to the chest, esp. for concealment, or (of an animal) before pouncing; be in this position (人在躲藏时)蹲，蹲伏；(动物准备跳跃时)蜷伏 ●n.  an act of crouching; a crouching position 蹲伏(姿势)；蜷伏(姿势) [Middle English, perhaps via Old French crochir ‘be bent’ from croc ‘hook’: cf. CROOK]

croup1 /kru:p/ n.  an inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, with a hard cough and difficulty in breathing 哮吼，格鲁布(一种痉挛性喉头炎，伴有干咳和呼吸困难等症状，患者多为婴儿) □ croupy  adj.   [dialect croup ‘to croak’ (imitative)]

croup2 /kru:p/ n.  the rump or hindquarters esp. of a horse (尤指马的)臀部 [Middle English from Old French croupe, related to CROP]

croupier /ˈkru:piə, -piei/ n.  1  the person in charge of a gaming table, raking in and paying out money etc. 赌台管理员(主要负责收、付赌钱) 2  the assistant chairperson at a public dinner, seated at the foot of the table (坐在餐桌下首的)公共宴会副主持人 [earlier in the sense ‘advisor standing behind a gambler’: French, originally = rider on the croup: see CROUP2]

crouton /ˈkru:tɒn/ n.  a small piece of fried or toasted bread served with soup or used as a garnish 油炸(或烘烤)的面包小块(用作汤或菜的饰料) [French croûton from croûte CRUST]

crow1 /krəʊ/ n.  1  any large bird of the genus Corvus, having a powerful black beak, a harsh call, and usu. glossy black plumage 乌鸦属大型鸟类 2  any bird of the family Corvidae 鸦科鸟类 3 slang derog.  a woman, esp. an old or ugly one [俚语] [贬]老太婆，丑婆娘 □ as the crow flies   in a straight line 沿直线，不绕道□ eat crow  N. Amer.  submit to humiliation [北美]蒙受屈辱(如被迫认错) [Old English crɑˉwe, ultimately from West Germanic]

crow2 /krəʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (past crowed or crew /kru:/) (of a cock) utter its characteristic loud cry (雄鸡)啼叫 2 (of a baby) utter happy cries (婴儿)欢叫 3 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 over)  express unrestrained gleeful satisfaction (因成功而)得意洋洋 ●n.  1  the cry of a cock 鸡啼声 2  a happy cry of a baby (婴儿的)欢叫声 [Old English crɑˉwan, of imitative origin]

crowbar /ˈkrəʊbɑ:/ n.  an iron bar with a flattened end, used as a lever 撬棍，铁撬

crowberry /ˈkrəʊb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a heathlike evergreen shrub, Empetrum nigrum, bearing black berries 岩高兰(一种类似欧石南属的常青灌木，结黑色浆果)b  the flavourless edible berry of this plant 岩高兰果(一种黑色无味浆果，可食用) 2 US  a cranberry [美]越橘果

crow-bill n. Brit.  forceps for extracting bullets etc. [英]鸟喙钳子(用于从伤口中取出子弹等的手术钳)

crowd /kraʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large number of people gathered together, usu. without orderly arrangement (无秩序的)人群 2  a mass of spectators; an audience 观众；听众 3 colloq.  a particular company or set of people [口] (特定)一群人，一伙人  met the crowd from the sales department  遇见销售部的一帮人 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  the mass or multitude of people 群众，大众，老百姓  go along with the crowd  和群众打成一片 5  a large number (of things) (事物)一堆，一批，众多 6  actors representing a crowd 群众演员 ●v.  1  a intr.  come together in a crowd 聚集，群集b tr.  cause to do this 使聚集，使群集c intr.  force one's way 挤，推搡 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 into)  force or compress into a confined space 装进，塞进b (often foll. by 常后跟 with; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  fill or make abundant with 挤满，塞满  was crowded with tourists  挤满了游客 3 tr.  a (of a number of people) come aggressively close to (人群)逼近，催逼b colloq.  harass or pressure (a person) [口]骚扰(某人)；迫使 □ crowd out   exclude by crowding (因空间不足而)挤出，排挤□ crowdedness  n.   [Old English crūdan ‘press, drive’]

crowd-puller n. colloq.  an event, person, or thing that attracts a large audience [口]吸引人群的事件(人或物)

crowfoot /ˈkrəʊfʊt/ n.  any of various aquatic plants of the genus Ranunculus, with white buttercup-like flowers held above the water 毛莨属水生植物(花白色，浮于水面之上)

crown /kraʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a monarch's ornamental and usu. jewelled headdress 王冠，冕 2 (作 the Crown)  a  the monarch, esp. as head of state 国王，君主b  the power or authority residing in the monarchy 王权；王位；王国政府 3  a  a wreath of leaves or flowers etc. worn on the head, esp. as an emblem of victory (用树枝或花朵等做成象征荣誉或胜利的)花冠b  an award or distinction gained by a victory or achievement, esp. in sport (尤指体育运动中的)荣誉称号，冠军称号 4  a crown-shaped thing, esp. a device or ornament 王冠状物，花冠状物(尤指装置或饰物) 5  the top part of a thing, esp. of the head or a hat 顶部(尤指头顶或帽顶) 6  a  the highest or central part of an arched or curved thing (拱形物的)顶部，中央部位  crown of the road  路拱b  a thing that completes or forms the summit 顶峰，绝顶 7  the part of a plant just above and below the ground 根颈(植物由根过渡到茎的部位) 8  the upper part of a cut gem above the girdle 宝面(宝石露在镶嵌底板上面的部分) 9  a  the part of a tooth projecting from the gum 齿冠b  an artificial replacement or covering for this 假齿冠 10  a  a former British coin equal to five shillings (25p) 克朗(英国旧币制 5 先令硬币)b  any of several foreign coins with a name meaning ‘crown’, esp. the krona or krone 克朗(尤指挪威克朗或丹麦克朗) 11  a former size of paper, 504 × 384 mm 王冠裁(一种印刷纸张的规格 : 504 × 384 mm) ●v. tr.  1  put a crown on (a person or a person's head) 在(某人头上)戴上花冠，授予(某人)荣誉 2  invest (a person) with a royal crown or authority 为(某人)加冕，立(某人)为君主 3  be a crown to; encircle or rest on the top of 形成…的顶部；在…的顶部 4  a (often as 常作 crowning adj.)  be or cause to be the consummation, reward, or finishing touch to (使)达到顶峰的；(使)得到奖赏的；(使)作最后点缀的  the crowning glory  至高无上的荣誉b  bring (efforts) to a happy issue 使圆满结束 5  fit a crown to (a tooth) 为(牙齿)镶假齿冠 6 slang  hit on the head [俚语]击中…的头部 7  promote (a piece in draughts) to king (西洋跳棋)使(一棋子)成为“王” [Middle English via Anglo-French corune, Old French corone from Latin corona]

crown cap n. (also 亦作 crown cork)  a cork-lined metal cap for a bottle (内衬软木的)金属瓶盖

Crown Colony n.  a British colony controlled by the Crown (英国王室)直辖殖民地

Crown Court n.  a court of criminal jurisdiction in England and Wales (英格兰和威尔士的)刑事法庭

Crown Derby n.  a soft-paste porcelain made at Derby and often marked with a crown above the letter ‘D’ (有王冠标记的)德比瓷器

crown glass n.  glass made without lead or iron and originally in a circular sheet; used formerly in windows, now as optical glass of low refractive index 冠状玻璃，冕玻璃(原指用作窗户玻璃的无铅无铁玻璃，现指折射率低的光学玻璃)

crown green n. Brit.  a kind of bowling green rising towards the middle [英] (一种中间隆起的)草地滚木球场

crown imperial n.  a tall fritillary, Fritillaria imperialis, with a flower cluster at the top of the stalk 壮丽贝母

crown jewels n. pl.  the regalia and other jewellery worn by the sovereign on certain state occasions (君王于正式场合佩戴的镶嵌在王冠等上面象征王权的)御宝

Crown Office n. (in the UK) an office of the Supreme Court transacting common-law business of Chancery (英国高等法院的)刑事部，公诉署

crown of thorns n.  any starfish of the genus Acanthaster feeding on coral 长棘海星属海星

Crown prince n.  a male heir to a sovereign throne 王储

Crown princess n.  1  the wife of a Crown prince 王妃 2  a female heir to a sovereign throne 女王储

crown roast n.  a roast of rib-pieces of pork or lamb arranged like a crown (把猪或羊肋条串成圆圈的)王冠形花式烤排

crown saw n.  a cylinder with a toothed edge for making a circular hole 筒形锯

crown wheel n.  a wheel with teeth set at right angles to its plane, esp. in the gears of motor vehicles 冕形齿轮，差动器侧伞齿轮

crow's-foot /ˈkrəʊzfʊt/ n. (pl. -feet)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a wrinkle at the outer corner of a person's eye 眼角皱纹 2 Mil.  a caltrop 【军】(阻碍骑兵前进的)铁蒺藜，三角钉

crow's-nest n.  a barrel or platform fixed at the masthead of a sailing vessel as a shelter for a lookout 桅杆瞭望台

crow step n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = CORBIE-STEP  □ crow-stepped  adj.  

crozier var.  of CROSIER  CROSIER 的变体

CRT abbr.  cathode ray tube [缩略]阴极射线管

cru /kru:, 法 kry/ n.  1  a French vineyard or wine-producing region (法国)葡萄园；产酒地区 2  the grade of wine produced from it 葡萄佳酿酒 [French from crû ‘grown’]

cruces pl.  of CRUX  

crucial /ˈkru:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  decisive, critical 决定性的，关键性的 2 disp.  very important [异议]至关重要的 3 slang  excellent [俚语]极好的 □ cruciality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ crucially  adv.   [French, from Latin crux crucis ‘cross’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of crucial in sense 2 should be restricted to informal contexts. Crucial 的释义 2 的使用应仅限于非正式的语境。 

crucian /ˈkru:ʃ(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 crucian carp)  a yellow cyprinoid fish, Carassius carassius, allied to the goldfish 欧洲鲫鱼 [Low German karusse etc.]

cruciate /ˈkru:ʃiət, -eit/ adj. esp. Anat.  cross-shaped (尤)【解】十字形的，交叉的 [modern Latin cruciatus from Latin (as CRUCIBLE)]

cruciate ligament n.  either of a pair of ligaments in the knee which cross each other and connect the femur and the tibia (膝盖中相互交叉连接股骨和胫骨的)十字韧带

crucible /ˈkru:sib(ə)l/ n.  1  a melting pot for metals etc. (用于熔化金属等的)坩埚，熔化锅 2  a severe test or trial 磨炼，严峻考验 [Middle English via medieval Latin crucibulum ‘night-lamp, crucible’ (perhaps originally a lamp hanging in front of a crucifix), from Latin crux crucis ‘cross’]

crucifer /ˈkru:sifə/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant 十字花科植物 2  a person carrying a processional cross or crucifix (宗教行列中)擎十字架者

cruciferous /kru:ˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj. Bot.  of the plant family Cruciferae, having flowers with four petals arranged in a cross 【植】十字花科的，开十字花的 [Late Latin crucifer (as CRUCIAL, -FEROUS)]

crucifix /ˈkru:sifiks/ n.  a model or image of a cross with a figure of Christ on it 耶稣钉死在十字架上的苦像 [Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin crucifixus from Latin cruci fixus ‘fixed to a cross’]

crucifixion /kru:siˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  crucifying or being crucified (被)钉死于十字架b  an instance of this 钉死于十字架之刑罚 2 (作 Crucifixion)  a  the crucifixion of Christ 耶稣被钉死于十字架b  a representation of this 耶稣受难像 [ecclesiastical Latin crucifixio (as CRUCIFIX)]

cruciform /ˈkru:sifɔ:m/ adj.  cross-shaped (esp. of a church with transepts) 十字形的(尤指带耳堂的教堂) [Latin crux crucis ‘cross’ + -FORM]

crucify /ˈkru:sifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  put to death by fastening to a cross 钉(或绑)在十字架上处死 2  a  cause extreme pain to 使极为疼痛b  persecute, torment 迫害，折磨c slang  defeat thoroughly in an argument, match, etc. [俚语] (在辩论、比赛等中)彻底击败 □ crucifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French crucifier from Late Latin crucifigere (as CRUCIFIX)]

cruck /krʌk/ n. Brit. hist.  either of a pair of curved timbers extending to the ground in the framework of a type of medieval house-roof [英史义](构成房屋曲木屋架的)曲木 [variant of CROOK]

crud /krʌd/ n. slang [俚语]  1  unwanted impurities; dirt 杂质，渣滓；污物，污垢 2  an unpleasant person 讨厌的人 3  nonsense 废话 □ cruddy  adj. (cruddier, cruddiest)   [variant of CURD]

crude /kru:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  in the natural or raw state; not refined 天然的，未加工的；未提炼的b  rough, unpolished; lacking finish 粗糙的；未经润饰的 2  a (of an action or statement or manners) rude, blunt (行为、言论或举止)粗鲁的，率直的b  offensive, indecent 冒犯的，无礼的，粗鄙的  a crude gesture  冒犯的姿势 3  a Statistics (of figures) not adjusted or corrected 【统计学】(数目)概约的b  rough 粗略的，初步的  a crude estimate  粗略的估计 ●n.  natural mineral oil 原油，石油 □ crudely  adv.  □ crudeness  n.  □ crudity  n.   [Middle English from Latin crudus ‘raw, rough’]

crudités /ˈkru:ditei/ n. pl.  an hors d'oeuvre of mixed raw vegetables often served with a sauce into which they are dipped 蔬菜色拉 [French]

cruel /krʊəl/ adj. & v. ●adj. (crueller, cruellest or crueler, cruelest)  1  indifferent to or gratified by another's suffering 冷漠的，无情的 2  causing pain or suffering, esp. deliberately (尤指故意)令人痛苦的；残暴的，残酷的 ●v. tr. (cruelled, cruelling) Austral. slang  thwart, spoil [澳] [俚语]挫败，使无成功可能 □ cruelly  adv.  □ cruelness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin crudelis, related to crudus (as CRUDE)]

cruelty /ˈkrʊəlti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cruel act or attitude; indifference to another's suffering 残暴行为，残忍态度；冷漠，无情 2  a succession of cruel acts; a continued cruel attitude 暴行；残忍，残酷  suffered much cruelty  遭受许多暴行 3 Law  physical or mental harm inflicted (whether or not intentional), esp. as a ground for divorce 【法律】(尤指作为离婚理由的身体或精神)虐待 [Old French crualté, ultimately from Latin crudelitas]

cruelty-free adj. (of cosmetics etc.) produced without involving cruelty to animals in the development or manufacturing process 无残暴行为的(指化妆品在研制和生产过程中不曾用动物作试验的)

cruet /ˈkru:it/ n.  1 Brit.  a small container for salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar for use at table [英] (餐桌上用的盐、胡椒、食油、醋等)调味品小瓶 2 (in full 全称 cruet-stand) Brit.  a stand holding cruets [英]调味品瓶架 3 Eccl.  a small container for the wine and water in the celebration of the Eucharist 【教会】(圣餐时装葡萄酒和水的)祭坛用瓶 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French crue ‘pot’ from Old Saxon krūka: related to CROCK2]

cruise /kru:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a journey by sea calling at a series of ports usu. according to a predetermined plan, esp. for pleasure 航行，巡航；(尤指)海上航游，乘船游览 2 intr.  sail about without a precise destination 乘船漫游，游弋 3 intr.  a (of a motor vehicle or aircraft) travel at a moderate or economical speed (汽车或飞机为节省燃料而)中速行驶b (of a vehicle or its driver) travel at random, esp. slowly (车辆或司机)缓慢巡行 4 intr.  achieve an objective, win a race etc., with ease (轻易地)达到目的，赢得比赛 5 intr. & tr. slang  walk or drive about (the streets etc.) in search of a sexual (esp. homosexual) partner [俚语] (在大街上)猎艳寻欢(尤指寻觅同性恋对象) ●n.  a cruising voyage, esp. as a holiday 航游(尤指度假航行) [probably from Dutch kruisen ‘to cross’, from kruis CROSS]

cruise control n.  a device which maintains a motor vehicle at a preset constant speed without the use of the accelerator pedal (汽车)常速控制器

cruise missile n.  a missile able to fly at a low altitude and guide itself by reference to the features of the region it traverses 巡航导弹

cruiser /ˈkru:zə/ n.  1  a warship of high speed and medium armament 巡洋舰，巡航艇 2  = CABIN CRUISER  3 N. Amer.  a police patrol car [北美]警察巡逻车 [Dutch kruiser (as CRUISE)]

cruiserweight /ˈkru:zəweit/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = LIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT 

cruising speed /ˈkru:ziŋ/ n.  a comfortable and economical speed for a motor vehicle, below its maximum speed (汽车舒适而又节省燃料的)巡行速度

cruller /ˈkrʌlə/ n. N. Amer.  a small cake made of a rich dough twisted or curled and fried in fat [北美]炸纽绞(一种类似麻花的油炸食品) [probably from Dutch krullen ‘curl’]

crumb /krʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small fragment, esp. of bread 碎屑(尤指面包屑)b  a small particle 少许，一点儿  a crumb of comfort  一点点安慰 2  the soft inner part of a loaf of bread 面包心(面包中心的柔软部分) 3 slang  an objectionable person [俚语]讨厌的人，无用的人，卑微的人 ●v. tr.  1  cover with breadcrumbs 把…裹上面包屑 2  break into crumbs 把…弄碎，捣碎 [Old English cruma]

crumble /ˈkrʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  break or fall into crumbs or fragments 弄碎，使成碎屑；破碎，碎裂 2 intr. (of power, a reputation, etc.) gradually disintegrate (权力、名声等)逐渐崩溃，瓦解，消失 ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a mixture of flour and fat, rubbed to the texture of breadcrumbs and cooked as a topping for fruit etc. (水果等上面覆盖的)点心脆皮b  a usu. specified dish having such a topping 酥皮水果点心  apple crumble  脆皮苹果点心 vegetable crumble  脆皮蔬菜点心 2  a crumbly or crumbled substance 易碎的东西，破碎的东西 [Middle English from Old English, formed as CRUMB]

crumbly /ˈkrʌmbli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (crumblier, crumbliest)  consisting of, or apt to fall into, crumbs or fragments 由碎屑构成的；易碎的 ●n. (pl. -ies) slang offens.  an old person [俚语] [冒犯]老年人 □ crumbliness  n.  

crumbs /krʌmz/ int. Brit. slang  expressing dismay or surprise [英] [俚语] (表示惊恐或惊讶)哎呀，天哪 [euphemism for Christ]

crumby /ˈkrʌmi/ adj. (crumbier, crumbiest)  1  like or covered in crumbs 似碎屑的，覆有碎屑的 2 colloq. [口]  = CRUMMY 

crumhorn var.  of KRUMMHORN  KRUMMHORN 的变体

crummy /ˈkrʌmi/ adj. (crummier, crummiest) colloq.  dirty, squalid; inferior, worthless [口]肮脏的，邋遢的；低劣的，无价值的 □ crummily  adv.  □ crumminess  n.   [variant of CRUMBY]

crump /krʌmp/ n. & v. Mil. slang 【军】[俚语] ●n.  the sound of a bursting bomb or shell (炸弹或炮弹的)爆炸声 ●v. intr.  make this sound 发出爆炸声 [imitative]

crumpet /ˈkrʌmpit/ n.  1  a soft flat cake of a yeast mixture cooked on a griddle and eaten toasted and buttered 烤面饼，烙饼 2 Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  a  a sexually attractive person, esp. a woman (尤指招人喜欢的)性感女郎b  women regarded collectively, esp. as objects of sexual desire (总称)女人(尤指作为性欲对象) 3 Brit. archaic slang  the head [英古义] [俚语]头，脑袋 [17th c.: origin uncertain]

crumple /ˈkrʌmp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  crush or become crushed into creases 弄皱，压皱；起皱纹b  ruffle, wrinkle 给…饰褶边，褶皱 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  collapse, give way 倒坍，垮掉 ●n.  a crease or wrinkle 皱褶，折痕；皱纹 □ crumply  adj.   [obsolete crump (v. & adj.) ‘(make or become) curved’]

crumple zone n.  a part of a motor vehicle, esp. the extreme front and rear, designed to crumple easily in a crash and absorb impact (机动车辆前后两端防撞击的)保险缓冲装置

crunch /krʌn(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  crush noisily with the teeth 嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼b  grind (gravel, dry snow, etc.) under foot, wheels, etc. (鞋底、车轮等)嘎吱嘎吱地踩(碾压) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, through)  make a crunching sound in walking, moving, etc. (行走、运动等)发出嘎吱声 ●n.  1  crunching; a crunching sound 咬，嚼；嘎吱声 2 colloq.  a decisive event or moment [口]决定性事件，关键时刻，危急关头 [earlier cra(u)nch (probably imitative), assimilated to munch]

crunchy /ˈkrʌntʃi/ adj. (crunchier, crunchiest)  that can be or has been crunched or crushed into small pieces; hard and crispy 易碎的；松脆的 □ crunchily  adv.  □ crunchiness  n.  

crupper /ˈkrʌpə/ n.  1  a strap buckled to the back of a saddle and looped under the horse's tail to hold the harness back 后鞧(连在马鞍或挽具后边兜过马尾巴的皮带) 2  the hindquarters of a horse (马的)臀部 [Middle English from Old French cropiere (cf. CROUP2)]

crural /ˈkrʊər(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of the leg 【解】腿的 [French crural or Latin cruralis, from crus cruris ‘leg’]

crusade /kru:ˈseid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of several medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims 十字军远征(指中世纪欧洲国家反对穆斯林国家的几次军事入侵)b  a war instigated by the Church for alleged religious ends (由基督教教会挑起的)神圣战争 2  a vigorous campaign in favour of a cause (推进某一事业的)运动 ●v. intr.  engage in a crusade 从事(某一事业)；为(某一事业)而奋斗 □ crusader  n.   [earlier croisade (French from croix ‘cross’) or crusado (Spanish from cruz ‘cross’)]

cruse /kru:z/ n. archaic  an earthenware pot or jar [古义]坛，罐，壶 [Old English crūse, of unknown origin]

crush /krʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  compress with force or violence, so as to break, bruise, etc. 压碎，压坏，压伤(以使折断、青肿等) 2  reduce to powder by pressure 碾碎，捣碎 3  crease or crumple by rough handling 弄皱，压皱 4  defeat or subdue completely 打败；镇压，征服  crushed by my reply  被我的答复镇住了 ●n.  1  an act of crushing 压碎，压坏；挤压 2  a crowded mass of people 拥挤的人群 3  a drink made from the juice of crushed fruit (水果榨出的)果汁饮料 4 colloq. [口]  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a (usu. passing) infatuation (通常指短暂的)热恋，迷恋b  the object of an infatuation 热恋的对象  who's the latest crush?  谁是最近的热恋对象？ □ crushable  adj.  □ crusher  n.  □ crushing  adj. (esp. in sense 4 of v. 尤用于动词释义 4)  □ crushingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French crussir, corussier, Old French croissir, cruissir, ‘gnash (teeth), crack’, from Romanic]

crush bar n. Brit.  a place in a theatre for audiences to buy drinks in the intervals [英] (剧场里供观众休息时买饮料的)小卖部

crush barrier n. Brit.  a barrier, esp. a temporary one, for restraining a crowd [英] (尤指临时性用以阻挡人群的)防挤栏杆

crust /krʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the hard outer part of a loaf of bread 面包皮，干面包皮b  a piece of this with some soft bread attached 有焦皮的面包c  a hard dry scrap of bread (一小块)干硬面包d esp. Austral. slang  a livelihood [尤澳] [俚语]生活，生计  what do you do for a crust?  你靠什么生活？ 2  the pastry covering of a pie 馅饼皮 3  a hard casing of a softer thing, e.g. a harder layer over soft snow (柔软物品的)坚硬外壳(如积雪表面的硬壳) 4 Geol.  the outer rocky portion of the earth, esp. the part overlying the mantle 【地质】地壳 5  a  a coating or deposit on the surface of anything (物体的)外壳，表面沉积物b  a hard dry formation on the skin, a scab (皮肤上的)硬皮，痂 6  a deposit of tartar formed in bottles of old wine (陈酒瓶底沉淀的)酒石，酒垢 7  a slang  impudence [俚语]放肆，无礼，厚颜无耻  you have a crust!  你真厚颜无耻！b  a superficial hardness of manner 表面姿态，外表上的强硬 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  cover or become covered with a crust 用硬皮(或外壳)覆盖 2  form into a crust 结成硬壳；结痂 □ crustal  adj. (in sense 4 of n. 用于名词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French crouste from Latin crusta ‘rind, shell’]

crustacean /krʌˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, having a hard shell and numerous legs, and usu. aquatic, e.g. the crab, lobster, and shrimp 甲壳纲动物(水生节肢动物如螃蟹、龙虾和小虾) ●adj.  of or relating to crustaceans 甲壳纲的 □ crustaceology  /-ʃiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  □ crustaceous  /-ʃəs/ adj.   [modern Latin crustaceus from crusta: see CRUST]

crusted /ˈkrʌstid/ adj.  1  a  having a crust 有外壳(或硬皮)的b (of wine) having deposited a crust (指酒)有沉淀的，沉淀了酒石的 2  antiquated, venerable 古旧的，古老的；值得敬重的

crustose /krʌˈstəʊs/ adj. (esp. of a lichen) forming or resembling a crust (尤指地衣)壳状的 [Latin crustosus from crusta ‘crust’]

crusty /ˈkrʌsti/ adj. (crustier, crustiest)  1  having a crisp crust 有酥脆外皮的  a crusty loaf  一个有脆皮的面包 2  irritable, curt 易怒的，草率无礼的 3  hard, crustlike 硬的，硬壳般的 □ crustily  adv.  □ crustiness  n.  

crutch /krʌtʃ/ n.  1  a support for a lame person, usu. with a crosspiece at the top fitting under the armpit T 字形拐杖  pair of crutches  一副 T 字形拐杖 2  any support or prop 支撑物，支架，支柱 3  the crotch of the human body or garment (人体的)胯部，两腿分叉处；裤裆 [Old English cryc(c), from Germanic]

crux /krʌks/ n. (pl. cruxes or cruces /ˈkru:si:z/)  1  the decisive point at issue 关键；核心 2  a difficult matter; a puzzle 疑难问题，难题；症结 [Latin, = cross]

cruzado /kru:ˈzɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Brazil between 1988 and 1990 克鲁扎多 (1988 至 1990 年巴西货币单位) [Portuguese cruzado, crusado, = marked with the cross]

cruzeiro /kru:ˈzɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Brazil 1990 － 93 克鲁赛罗 (1990 至 1993 年巴西货币单位) [Portuguese, = large cross]

cry /krai/ v. & n. ●v. (cries, cried)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, for)  make a loud or shrill sound, esp. to express pain, grief, etc., or to appeal for help (尤指疼痛、悲痛或呼救时)大声叫喊，呼喊 2  a intr.  shed tears; weep 流泪；哭泣b tr.  shed (tears) 流(泪)，掉(泪) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  say or exclaim loudly or excitedly (大声或激动地)说，诉说 4 intr. (of an animal, esp. a bird) make a loud call (动物，尤鸟类)鸣，叫 5 tr. (of a hawker etc.) proclaim (wares etc.) in the street (小贩等)沿街叫卖 ●n. (pl. cries)  1  a loud inarticulate utterance of grief, pain, fear, joy, etc. (悲痛、疼痛、恐惧或喜悦等的)叫喊声，呼喊声 2  a loud excited utterance of words 叫喊(或呼喊)；喝彩 3  an urgent appeal or entreaty 紧急呼吁，恳求，请求 4  a spell of weeping (一阵)哭泣，哭声 5  a  public demand; a strong movement of opinion 公众舆论；呼声b  a watchword or rallying call 口令，暗号；战斗口号 6  the natural utterance of an animal, esp. of hounds on the scent (尤指猎犬追猎时发出的)吠声 7  the street-call of a hawker etc. (小贩的)叫卖声 □ cry down   disparage, belittle 贬低，诋毁，轻视□ cry one's eyes (or heart) out   weep bitterly 痛哭流涕，哭得很伤心□ cry for the moon  Brit.  ask for what is unattainable [英]要求无法得到的东西□ cry from the heart   a passionate appeal or protest 强烈呼吁，强烈抗议□ cry off  Brit. colloq.  withdraw from a promise or undertaking [英口]取消承诺；打退堂鼓□ cry out for   demand as a self-evident requirement or solution 迫切需要某物□ cry over spilt (or US [美] spilled) milk   see 见 MILK □ cry stinking fish   disparage one's own efforts, products, etc. 贬低自己的努力，拆自己的台□ cry up   praise, extol 称赞，赞美，赞颂□ cry wolf   see 见 WOLF □ a far cry from   1  a long way from 和…相距很远 2  a very different thing from 和…大相径庭□ for crying out loud  colloq.  an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口] (表示惊奇或厌烦)哎呀，我的天哪，岂有此理□ in full cry  (of hounds) in keen pursuit (猎犬群)吠叫着追猎，紧追不舍 [Middle English via Old French crier, cri from Latin quiritare ‘wail’]

cry-baby n.  a person, esp. a child, who sheds tears frequently 爱哭的人(尤指爱哭的孩子)

cryer var.  of CRIER  CRIER 的变体

crying /ˈkraiiŋ/ attrib. adj. (of an injustice or other evil) flagrant, demanding redress (不公正行为或弊端)臭名昭著的；需要纠正的  a crying need  迫切的需要 a crying shame  奇耻大辱

cryo- /ˈkraiəʊ/ comb. form (extreme) cold [构词成分] (极)冷的，冰冷的 [Greek kruos ‘frost’]

cryobiology /ˌkraiəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the biology of organisms below their normal temperatures 低温生物学(一门研究低温对生物影响的学科) □ cryobiological  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cryobiologist  n.  

cryogen /ˈkraiə(ʊ)dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a freezing-mixture; a substance used to produce very low temperatures 制冷剂；冷冻剂

cryogenics /kraiə(ʊ)ˈdʒeniks/ n.  1  the branch of physics dealing with the production and effects of very low temperatures 低温学 2  = CRYONICS  □ cryogenic  adj.  

cryolite /ˈkraiəlait/ n. Mineral.  a lustrous sodium aluminium fluoride mineral, used in the smelting of aluminium 【矿】(用于熔炼金属铝的)冰晶石

cryonics /kraiˈɒniks/ n.  the practice or technique of deep-freezing the bodies of those who have died of an incurable disease, in the hope of a future cure 人体冷冻学(指将病死的尸体冷冻保存，等将来有了治疗方法后再使其复活治疗的做法或技术) □ cryonic  adj.   [contraction of CRYOGENICS]

cryoprotectant /ˌkraiəʊprəˈtekt(ə)nt/ n. Biochem.  a substance that prevents the freezing of tissues, or prevents damage to cells etc. during freezing 【生化】防冷冻剂(冷冻时防止组织或细胞受破坏的制剂)

cryopump /ˈkraiəʊpʌmp/ n.  a vacuum pump using liquefied gases 低温泵

cryostat /ˈkraiə(ʊ)stæt/ n.  an apparatus for maintaining a very low temperature 低温恒温器

cryosurgery /kraiəʊˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n.  surgery using the local application of intense cold for anaesthesia or therapy 低温外科，冷冻手术

crypt /kript/ n.  1  an underground room or vault, esp. one beneath a church, used usu. as a burial place 地窖，地下室(尤指通常用作墓穴的教堂地下室) 2 Anat.  a small tubular gland, pit, or recess 【解】小囊，隐窝，腺窝，腺管 [Middle English via Latin crypta from Greek kruptē, from kruptos ‘hidden’]

cryptanalysis /kriptəˈnælisis/ n.  the art or process of solving cryptograms by analysis; code-breaking 密码分析(法)；密码破译(法) □ cryptanalyst  /-ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  □ cryptanalytic  /-ænəˈlitik/ adj.  □ cryptanalytical  /-ænəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.   [CRYPTO- + ANALYSIS]

cryptic /ˈkriptik/ adj.  1  a  obscure in meaning 含义模糊的，含有隐义的b (of a crossword clue etc.) indirect; indicating the solution in a way that is not obvious (纵横填字谜的提示词语)不直截了当的；(答案)不明显的c  secret, mysterious, enigmatic 秘密的，神秘的，费解的 2 Zool. (of coloration etc.) serving for concealment 【动】(指颜色、色彩等)隐藏的，隐蔽的，有保护色的 □ cryptically  adv.   [Late Latin crypticus from Greek kruptikos (as CRYPTO-)]

crypto /ˈkriptəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a person having a secret allegiance to a political creed etc., esp. communism [口] (尤指信仰共产主义的)秘密成员 [as CRYPTO-]

crypto- /ˈkriptəʊ/ comb. form  concealed, secret (crypto-communist 秘密共产党员) [构词成分]隐藏的，隐蔽的 [Greek kruptos ‘hidden’]

cryptocrystalline /kriptəʊˈkrist(ə)lain/ adj.  having a crystalline structure visible only when magnified 隐晶质的(指只有放大数倍之后才能看到其晶体结构的)

cryptogam /ˈkriptə(ʊ)ɡæm/ n. Bot.  a plant that has no true flowers or seeds, e.g. ferns, mosses, algae, and fungi 【植】隐花植物，无花植物(如蕨类植物、苔藓、水藻和真菌) □ cryptogamic  /-ˈɡæmik/ adj.  □ cryptogamous  /-ˈtɒɡəməs/ adj.   [French cryptogame from modern Latin cryptogamae (plantae), formed as CRYPTO- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

cryptogram /ˈkriptəɡræm/ n.  a text written in cipher 密文，密码电文

cryptography /kripˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the art of writing or solving codes 密码学，密码编制(破译) □ cryptographer  n.  □ cryptographic  /-təˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ cryptographically  /-təˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

cryptology /kripˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  = CRYPTOGRAPHY  □ cryptologist  n.  □ cryptological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

cryptomeria /kriptə(ʊ)ˈmiəriə/ n.  a tall evergreen tree, Cryptomeria japonica, native to China and Japan, with long curved spirally arranged leaves and short cones Also called 亦称作 Japanese cedar 柳杉(产于中国和日本) [CRYPTO- + Greek meros ‘part’ (because the seeds are enclosed by scales)]

crystal /ˈkrist(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a clear transparent mineral, esp. rock crystal 水晶，石英晶体b  a piece of this (一块)水晶 2 (in full 全称 crystal glass)  a  highly transparent glass; flint glass 晶质玻璃；燧石玻璃b  articles made of this 晶质(燧石)玻璃制品 3  the glass over a watch face (表或钟面)玻璃盖片 4 Electronics  a crystalline piece of semiconductor 【电子学】(半导体)石英水晶片，晶体 5 Chem. 【化】  a  an aggregation of atoms or molecules with a regular internal structure and the external form of a solid enclosed by symmetrically arranged plane faces (原子或分子的)结晶b  a solid whose constituent particles are symmetrically arranged 结晶体 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  made of, like, or clear as crystal 用水晶制的；水晶似的；清澈透明的，晶莹的 □ crystal clear  (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  unclouded, transparent 清澈的，透明的 2  readily understood 容易明白的 [Old English via Old French cristal and Latin crystallum from Greek krustallos ‘ice, crystal’]

crystal ball n.  a solid globe of glass or esp. rock crystal, used in crystal-gazing (占卜术使用的)玻璃球(尤指水晶球)

crystal class n.  each of 32 categories of crystals classified according to their symmetry 晶类(根据其对称性共分为 32 类)

crystal-gazing n.  the process of concentrating one's gaze on a crystal ball supposedly in order to obtain a picture of future events etc. 水晶球占卜术，水晶球凝视术

crystal lattice n.  the regular repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline substance 晶格，晶体点阵(指晶状物质中原子、离子或分子有规律的重复排列)

crystalline /ˈkrist(ə)lain/ adj.  1  of, like, or clear as crystal 水晶的；水晶般的，晶莹的，清澈透明的 2 Chem. & Mineral.  having the structure and form of a crystal 【化】【矿】晶体结构的，晶状的 □ crystallinity  /-ˈliniti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French cristallin and Latin crystallinus from Greek krustallinos (as CRYSTAL)]

crystalline lens n.  a transparent lens enclosed in a membranous capsule behind the iris of the eye (眼球的)晶状体

crystallite /ˈkrist(ə)lait/ n.  1  a small crystal 微晶 2  an individual perfect crystal or grain in a metal etc. (金属中的)纯晶体，雏晶 3 Bot.  a region of cellulose etc. with a crystal-like structure 【植】(具有晶体结构的)纤维素区

crystallize /ˈkrist(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  form or cause to form crystals (使)结晶，(使)晶化 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a intr. (of ideas or plans) become definite (想法或计划)成形，具体化b tr.  make definite 使成形，使具体化 3 tr. & intr.  coat or impregnate or become coated or impregnated with sugar (给…) 覆以糖衣，(使…) 浸渍糖汁  crystallized fruit  蜜饯果品 □ crystallizable  adj.  □ crystallization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

crystallography /kristəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science of crystal form and structure 晶体学(研究晶体形状及结构的学科) □ crystallographer  n.  □ crystallographic  /-ləˈɡræfik/ adj.  

crystalloid /ˈkrist(ə)lɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crystal-like 晶状的 2  having a crystalline structure 晶状结构的 ●n.  a substance that in solution is able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane (cf. 参见 COLLOID) 类晶体，拟晶质

crystal set n.  a simple early form of radio receiving apparatus with a crystal touching a metal wire as the rectifier 晶体收音机，矿石收音机

crystal system n.  each of seven distinct symmetrical forms (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, trigonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, and triclinic) into which crystals can be classified according to the relations of their axes. 晶系(晶体七种不同的对称形状之一，即立方晶系、四方晶系、斜方晶系、三方晶系、六方晶系、单斜晶系和三斜晶系)

crèche /kreʃ, kreiʃ/ n.  1 Brit.  a day nursery for babies and young children [英]日托托儿所 2 US  a representation of a Nativity scene [美]基督诞生塑像 [French (as CRATCH)]

crème brûlée /krem bru:ˈlei/ n. (pl. crèmes brûlées pronunc. same 单复发音同 or crème brûlées /-ˈleiz/)  a pudding of cream or custard topped with caramelized sugar 焦糖奶油，焦糖蛋奶冻 [French, = burnt cream]

crème caramel /krem kærəˈmel, ˈkærəmel/ n. (pl. crèmes caramel pronunc. same 单复发音同 or crème caramels /-ˈmelz, -melz/)  a set custard coated with caramel 焦糖蛋奶 [French]

crème de cassis /krem də kæˈsi:s/ n.  a blackcurrant-flavoured liqueur 黑茶藨子甜酒 [French, literally ‘cream of blackcurrant’]

crème de la crème /krem də lɑ: ˈkrem/ n.  the best part; the elite 精华部分；最优秀分子，精英 [French, literally ‘cream of the cream’]

crème de menthe /krem də ˈmɒnθ/ n.  a peppermint-flavoured liqueur 薄荷甜酒 [French, literally ‘cream of mint’]

crème fraiche /krem ˈfreʃ/ n.  a type of thick cream made from double cream with the addition of buttermilk, sour cream, or yogurt 鲜奶油 [French crème fraîche, literally ‘fresh cream’]

crêpe /kreip/ n.  1  a fine often gauzelike fabric with a wrinkled surface 绉丝；绉绸，绉呢 2  a thin pancake, usu. with a savoury or sweet filling (有咸味或甜味馅的)薄烤饼 3 (also 亦作 crêpe rubber)  a very hard-wearing wrinkled sheet rubber used for the soles of shoes etc. (作鞋底用的耐磨)绉胶 □ crêpey  adj.  □ crêpy  adj.   [French via Old French crespe ‘curled’ from Latin crispus]

crêpe de Chine /də ˈʃi:n/ n.  a fine silk crêpe 中国绉纱，双绉 [French, = China crêpe]

crêpe paper n.  thin crinkled paper (装饰用)绉纸

crêpe Suzette /su:ˈzet/ n. (pl. crêpes Suzette pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a small dessert pancake flamed in alcohol at the table 橘子黄油薄烤饼(端上餐桌时浇上烈酒并点燃)

CS abbr. [缩略]  1  Civil Service 文职部门，行政部门 2 Brit.  chartered surveyor [英]特许检察员，特许监督官 3  Court of Session (苏格兰)最高民事法庭

Cs symb. Chem.  the element caesium [符]【化】(化学元素)铯

c/s abbr.  cycles per second [缩略]每秒周数，周 / 秒，赫(兹)

csardas /ˈtʃɑ:dɑ:ʃ, ˈzɑ:dəs/ n. (also 亦作 czardas) (pl. same 单复同)  a Hungarian dance with a slow start and a quick wild finish 恰尔达什舞(一种匈牙利民间舞蹈) [Hungarian csɑˊrdɑˊs from csɑˊrda ‘inn’]

CSC abbr. [缩略]  1  Civil Service Commission 文官委员会 2 Brit.  Conspicuous Service Cross [英]特等功勋十字章

CSE abbr. hist. (in the UK) Certificate of Secondary Education (replaced in 1988 by GCSE) [缩略] [史义] (英国)中等教育证书 (1988 年改为“普通中等教育证书”)

CS gas n.  a gas causing tears and choking, used to control riots etc. (防暴等用的)催泪瓦斯，催泪毒气 [named after B. B. Corson (b. 1896) & R. W. Stoughton (d. 1957), American chemists]

CSI abbr.  Companion of the Order of the Star of India [缩略]印度星章勋位最低级爵士

CSIRO abbr.  Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization [缩略]联邦科学与工业研究组织

CSM abbr. (in the UK) Company Sergeant Major [缩略] (英国)连队军士长

CST abbr.  Central Standard Time [缩略]中部标准时间

CSU abbr. (in the UK) Civil Service Union [缩略] (英国)文官俱乐部

CT abbr. US  Connecticut (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]康涅狄格州(正式邮政用语)

ct. abbr. [缩略]  1  carat  2  cent 

CTC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Cyclists' Touring Club (英国)自行车旅行俱乐部 2 (in the UK) City Technology College (英国)城市技术学院

ctenoid /ˈti:nɔid/ adj. Zool. (of fish scales) having projections on the edge like the teeth of a comb (cf. 参见 PLACOID adj. 1) 【动】(指鱼鳞)栉状的，有栉齿边缘的 [Greek kteis ktenos ‘comb’]

ctenophore /ˈti:nəfɔ:, ˈten-/ n.  any marine animal of the phylum Ctenophora, having a jellyfish-like body bearing rows of cilia, e.g. sea gooseberries Also called 亦称作 comb-jelly 栉水母(栉水母门海洋动物，身体似水母，有 8 对栉状板) [modern Latin ctenophorus (as CTENOID)]

CU abbr.  Cambridge University [缩略]剑桥大学

Cu symb. Chem.  the element copper [符]【化】(化学元素)铜 [Late Latin cuprum]

cu. abbr. [缩略]  cubic 

cub /kʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the young of a fox, bear, lion, etc. (狐狸、熊、狮等的)幼兽，崽 2  an ill-mannered young man 毛头小伙子，举止粗鲁的青年 3 (作 Cub) (in full 全称 Cub Scout)  a member of the junior branch of the Scout Association 幼童军成员 4 (in full 全称 cub reporter) colloq.  a young or inexperienced newspaper reporter [口]初出茅庐的记者，初当记者的人 5 US  an apprentice [美]学徒 ●v. (cubbed, cubbing)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  give birth to (cubs) 生育(幼兽)，产(崽) 2 intr.  hunt fox cubs 狩猎(幼狐) □ cubhood  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

Cuba   古巴

Cuban /kju:bən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Cuba, an island republic in the Caribbean, or its people 古巴的；古巴人的 ●n.  a native or national of Cuba 古巴人

Cuban heel n.  a moderately high straight heel of a man's or woman's shoe 古巴高跟(男式或女式皮鞋的半高跟式样)

cubby /ˈkʌbi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 cubby hole)  1  a very small room 小房间 2  a snug or confined space 舒适的小天地；狭小的地方 [dialect cub ‘stall, pen’, of Low German origin]

cube /kju:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid contained by six equal squares 立方形，立方体 2  a cube-shaped block 立方形木料(或石料) 3 Math.  the product of a number multiplied by its square 【数】立方，三次幂 ●v. tr.  1  find the cube of (a number) 求(某数的)立方 2  cut (food for cooking etc.) into small cubes 将(待烹调的食品)切成小方块 [French cube or Latin cubus, from Greek kubos]

cubeb /ˈkju:beb/ n.  1  a SE Asian shrub, Piper cubeba (pepper family), bearing pungent berries 荜澄茄树(一种胡椒科灌木，产于东南亚，其干果可作调味品) 2  this berry crushed for use in medicated cigarettes 荜澄茄(捣碎后用于含药香烟) [Middle English from Old French cubebe, quibibe, ultimately from Arabic kobɑˉba, kubɑˉba]

cube root n.  the number which produces a given number when cubed 立方根

cubic /ˈkju:bik/ adj.  1  cube-shaped 立方形的，立方体的 2  of three dimensions 三维(数)的 3  involving the cube (and no higher power) of a number 立方的，三次的  cubic equation  三次方程 4 Crystallog.  having three equal axes at right angles 【晶】立方晶系的，等轴晶系的 5 (作 attrib.)  designating a unit of measure equal to the volume of a cube whose side is one of the linear unit specified (指计量单位)立方的  cubic metre  立方米 [French cubique or Latin cubicus from Greek kubikos (as CUBE)]

cubical /ˈkju:bik(ə)l/ adj.  cube-shaped 立方形的，立方体的 □ cubically  adv.  

cubic content n.  the volume of a solid expressed in cubic metres (用立方米表示的固体的)容积，体积

cubicle /ˈkju:bik(ə)l/ n.  1  a small partitioned space, screened for privacy (用屏风隔开的)小单间，小隔间 2  a small separate sleeping compartment 小卧室，小隔间卧室 [Latin cubiculum from cubare ‘lie down’]

cubiform /ˈkju:bifɔ:m/ adj.  cube-shaped 立方形的

cubism /ˈkju:biz(ə)m/ n.  a style and movement in art, esp. painting, in which objects are represented as an assemblage of geometrical forms 立体派，立体主义(尤指绘画中把物体或人物表现为几何形组合的艺术流派) □ cubist  n. & adj.   [French cubisme (as CUBE)]

cubit /ˈkju:bit/ n.  an ancient measure of length, approximately equal to the length of a forearm 肘尺(一种古代长度单位，大约等于前臂的长度) [Middle English from Latin cubitum ‘elbow, cubit’]

cubital /ˈkju:bit(ə)l/ adj.  1 Anat.  of the forearm 【解】前臂的，尺骨的 2 Zool.  of the corresponding part in animals 【动】(动物相应部位)前臂的 [Middle English from Latin cubitalis (as CUBIT)]

cuboid /ˈkju:bɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  cube-shaped; like a cube 立方形的；似立方形的 ●n.  1 Geom.  a rectangular parallelepiped 【几】长方体 2 (in full 全称 cuboid bone) Anat.  the outer bone of the tarsus 【解】骰骨 □ cuboidal  /-ˈbɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin cuboides from Greek kuboeidēs (as CUBE)]

cub reporter  see 见 CUB n. 4 

Cub Scout  see 见 CUB n. 3 

cucking-stool /ˈkʌkiŋstu:l/ n. hist.  a chair on which disorderly women were ducked as a punishment [史义]马桶椅(旧时的一种刑具，将不贞妇女绑在其上作为惩罚) [Middle English from obsolete cuck ‘defecate’]

cuckold /ˈkʌk(ə)ld/ n. & v. ●n.  the husband of an adulteress 戴绿帽子的丈夫，妻子有外遇的人 ●v. tr. (of a man) have a sexual relationship with the wife of (another man) (指男子)与(有夫之妇)通奸，私通 □ cuckoldry  n.   [Middle English cukeweld, cokewold, from Old French cucu ‘cuckoo’]

cuckoo /ˈkʊku:/ n. & adj. ●n.  a long-tailed songbird of the family Cuculidae, esp. the migratory European bird Cuculus canorus, which has a characteristic two-note call and deposits its eggs in the nests of small birds which rear the young as their own 杜鹃，布谷鸟(杜鹃科鸣禽，因其叫声似“布谷”而得名。该鸟总是将卵排在其他鸟类的巢中代其孵化) ●predic. adj. colloq.  crazy, foolish [口]疯狂的，癫狂的；愚蠢的 □ cuckoo in the nest   an unwelcome intruder 不速之客，闯入者 [Middle English from Old French cucu, imitative]

cuckoo bee n. (also 亦作 cuckoo wasp)  a bee (or wasp) which lays its eggs in the nest of another species 布谷鸟蜜蜂(因其排卵和孵卵方式与布谷鸟相似而得名)

cuckoo clock n.  a clock that strikes the hour with a sound like a cuckoo's call, usu. with the emergence on each note of a mechanical cuckoo 布谷鸟自鸣钟(报时时有一只机械布谷鸟出来发出“布谷”的叫声)

cuckoo flower n.  1  a meadow plant, Cardamine pratensis, with pale lilac flowers also called 亦称作 lady's smock 布谷鸟剪秋罗(一种生长在草地上的碎米荠属植物，开淡紫色花) 2  = RAGGED ROBIN 

cuckoo pint n.  a wild arum, Arum maculatum, with arrow-shaped leaves and scarlet berries Also called 亦称作 lords and ladies, JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT 斑叶阿若母，延龄草(一种野生的疆南星属植物，叶子似箭形，其浆果为鲜红色) [earlier -pintle, with reference to the shape of the spadix: see PINTLE]

cuckoo spit n.  froth exuded by larvae of insects of the family Cercopidae on leaves, stems, etc. 沫蝉的泡沫(沫蝉科昆虫吐在植物叶、茎上用以隐蔽其幼虫的泡沫)

cuckoo wasp  see 见 CUCKOO BEE 

cucumber /ˈkju:kʌmbə/ n.  1  a long green fleshy fruit, used in salads 黄瓜 2  the climbing plant, Cucumis sativus, yielding this fruit 黄瓜藤 [Middle English via Old French co(u)combre from Latin cucumer]

cucurbit /kjʊˈkɜ:bit/ n.  = GOURD 1b.  □ cucurbitaceous  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.  葫芦科的 [Latin cucurbita]

cud /kʌd/ n.  half-digested food returned from the first stomach of ruminants to the mouth for further chewing 反刍的食物(指反刍动物从胃中吐出继续咀嚼的食物) [Old English cwidu, cudu ‘what is chewed’, corresponding to Old High German kuti, quiti ‘glue’]

cuddle /ˈkʌd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hug, embrace, fondle 搂抱，拥抱，爱抚 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  nestle together; lie close and snug 偎依在一起；紧贴着躺在一起b  kiss and fondle each other amorously (互相)爱抚亲吻 ●n.  a prolonged and fond hug (长时间热烈的)拥抱，搂抱 □ cuddlesome  adj.  不由得想搂抱的，可爱的 [16th c.: perhaps from dialect couth ‘snug’]

cuddly /ˈkʌdli/ adj. (cuddlier, cuddliest)  tempting to cuddle; given to cuddling 令人想搂抱的；喜欢搂搂抱抱的

cuddy /ˈkʌdi/ n. (pl. -ies) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a donkey 驴 2  a stupid person 蠢人，笨蛋 [perhaps a pet form of the name Cuthbert]

cudgel /ˈkʌdʒ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a short thick stick used as a weapon (用作武器的)短粗棍棒 ●v. tr. (cudgelled, cudgelling; US [美] cudgeled, cudgeling)  beat with a cudgel 用短棍打，棒打 □ cudgel one's brains   think hard about a problem 绞尽脑汁，苦思冥想□ take up the cudgels  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a vigorous defence 奋起捍卫；竭力辩护 [Old English cycgel, of unknown origin]

cudweed /ˈkʌdwi:d/ n.  a plant of the genus Gnaphalium or Filago (daisy family), with hairy or downy leaves 鼠曲草(鼠曲草属或絮菊属植物，叶子上有绒毛)

cue1 /kju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the last words of an actor's speech serving as a signal to another actor to enter or speak (提醒另一演员出场或说话的)尾白，提示b  a similar signal to a singer or player etc. (演唱或演奏等的)提示音(或小节) 2  a  a stimulus to perception etc. (感知、觉察的)刺激物，线索b  a signal for action (行动的)示意，信号c  a hint on how to behave in particular circumstances (特定场合行为的)暗示 3  a facility for cueing audio equipment by allowing the tape to be played at high speed during fast forward wind and stopped when the desired place is reached (音响设备快转放音及在预定位置停止的)标记 ●v. tr. (cues, cued, cueing or cuing)  1  give a cue to 给…提示(或暗示)，为…提白 2  put (a piece of audio equipment, esp. a record player or tape recorder) in readiness to play a particular part of the recorded material (在电唱机或录音机播放录音的特定部分)作标记 □ cue in   1  insert a cue for 在…中插入(对话、场白等) 2  give information to 给…提供消息，提示□ on cue   at the correct moment 恰好在这时候□ take one's cue from   follow the example or advice of 以…为榜样；听…的劝告 [16th c.: origin unknown]

cue2 /kju:/ n. & v. Billiards etc. 【台球】  ●n.  a long straight tapering rod for striking the ball (台球)球杆 ●v. (cues, cued, cueing or cuing)  1 tr.  strike (a ball) with a cue 用球杆击(球) 2 intr.  use a cue 使用球杆 □ cueist  n.   [variant of QUEUE]

cue ball n. Billiards  the ball that is to be struck with the cue 【台球】(用球杆击打的)主球

cue-bid n. Bridge  an artificial bid to show a particular card etc. in the bidder's hand 【桥牌】扣叫(一种试探性逼叫，以表示叫牌人拥有某一特定的牌)

cuesta /ˈkwestə/ n. Geog.  a gentle slope, esp. one ending in a steep drop 【地理】单斜脊，单面山 [Spanish, = slope, from Latin costa: see COAST]

cuff1 /kʌf/ n.  1  a  the end part of a sleeve 袖口b  a separate band of linen worn round the wrist so as to appear under the sleeve (戴在手腕上的)护腕c  the part of a glove covering the wrist 长手套的腕部 2 N. Amer.  a trouser turn-up [北美] (裤脚的)翻边 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  handcuffs [口]手铐 □ off the cuff  colloq.  without preparation, extempore [口]未经准备地，即席地，随意地□ cuffed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English: origin unknown]

cuff2 /kʌf/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  strike with an open hand 用巴掌打 ●n.  such a blow 一掌，一巴掌 [16th c.: perhaps imitative]

cuff link n.  a device of two joined studs etc. to fasten the sides of a cuff together (衬衫的)袖口链扣，饰扣

Cufic var.  of KUFIC  KUFIC 的变体

cui bono? /kwi: ˈbɒnəʊ, ˈbəʊ-/  who stands, or stood, to gain? (with the implication that this person is responsible) 何人从中受益？(暗示此人应负责任) [Latin, = to whom (is it) a benefit?]

cuirass /kwiˈræs/ n.  1 hist.  a piece of armour consisting of breastplate and back-plate fastened together [史义] (胸甲和背甲连在一起的)护胸铠甲 2  a device for artificial respiration 人工呼吸装置 [Middle English from Old French cuirace, ultimately from Late Latin coriaceus from corium ‘leather’]

cuirassier /kwirəˈsi:ə/ n. hist.  a cavalry soldier wearing a cuirass [史义]披护胸铠甲的骑兵 [French (as CUIRASS)]

cuisine /kwiˈzi:n/ n.  a style or method of cooking, esp. of a particular country or establishment (尤指某个特定国家或机构的)烹饪，烹饪术 [French from Latin coquina, from coquere ‘to cook’]

cuisse /kwis/ n. (also 亦作 cuish /kwiʃ/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  thigh armour [史义]护腿铠甲 [Middle English, via Old French cuisseaux, pl. of cuissel, from Late Latin coxale, from coxa ‘hip’]

culchie /ˈkʌl(t)ʃi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 culshie) Ir. slang, often derog. [爱尔兰] [俚语] [常贬] ●n.  a country bumpkin 乡下人，土包子 ●adj.  provincial, rustic 地方性的；土气的 [perhaps alteration of Kiltimagh, a country town in County Mayo, Ireland]

cul-de-sac /ˈkʌldəsæk, kʊldəˈsæk/ n. (pl. culs-de-sac pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a street or passage closed at one end 死胡同，死巷 2  a route or course leading nowhere; a position from which one cannot escape 困境；绝路 3 Anat. 【解】  = DIVERTICULUM  [French, = sack-bottom]

-cule /kju:l/ suffix  forming (originally diminutive) nouns (molecule 分子) 构成表示“小”的名词 [French -cule or Latin -culus]

culinary /ˈkʌlin(ə)ri/ adj.  of or for cooking or the kitchen 烹饪的，烹饪用的；厨房的 □ culinarily  adv.   [Latin culinarius from culina ‘kitchen’]

cull /kʌl/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  select, choose, or gather from a large quantity or amount 挑选，选出；收集  knowledge culled from books  从书本中得到的知识 2  pick or gather (flowers, fruit, etc.) 采集，采摘(花朵、水果等) 3  a  select (animals) according to quality, esp. poor surplus specimens for killing 按质挑选(牲畜) (尤指挑出质劣和多余者宰杀)b  reduce the population of (an animal) by selective slaughter (选择性宰杀以)减少牲畜数量 ●n.  1  an act of culling 挑选，拣选，剔除 2  an animal or animals culled 被剔除的牲畜，劣种牲畜 □ culler  n.   [Middle English from Old French coillier etc., ultimately from Latin colligere COLLECT1]

cullet /ˈkʌlit/ n.  recycled waste or broken glass used in glass-making (回收使用的)碎玻璃，废玻璃 [variant of COLLET, in the obsolete sense ‘glass left on the blowing-iron when the finished article is removed’]

culm1 /kʌlm/ n.  1  coal dust, esp. of anthracite (无烟煤)煤屑 2 Geol.  strata under coal measures, esp. in SW England 【地质】(尤指英格兰西南部)碳质页岩 [Middle English, probably related to COAL]

culm2 /kʌlm/ n. Bot.  the stem of a plant, esp. of grasses 【植】(尤指草的)空心秆 □ culmiferous  /-ˈmifərəs/ adj.   [Latin culmus ‘stalk’]

culminant /ˈkʌlminənt/ adj.  1  at or forming the top 达到顶点的，形成高潮的 2 Astron.  on the meridian 【天】子午线上的，中天的 [as CULMINATE + -ANT]

culminate /ˈkʌlmineit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  reach its highest or final point 达到顶点(或高潮)；达到终点，告终  the antagonism culminated in war  那次对抗以战争而告终 2 tr.  bring to its highest or final point 使达到顶点(或高潮)；使告终 3 intr. Astron.  be on the meridian 【天】达到中天，到子午线 □ culmination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin culminare culminat- from culmen ‘summit’]

culottes /kju:ˈlɒts/ n. pl.  women's (usu. short) trousers cut to resemble a skirt 女用裙裤(通常指裤腿宽大如裙的短裤) [French, = knee-breeches]

culpa /ˈkʌlpə/ n. Law  neglect resulting in damage; negligence 【法律】过失；玩忽行为 [Latin, = fault, blame]

culpable /ˈkʌlpəb(ə)l/ adj.  deserving blame 应受责备的，应受惩处的 □ culpability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ culpably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French coupable from Latin culpabilis, via culpare from culpa ‘blame’]

culprit /ˈkʌlprit/ n.  a person accused of or guilty of an offence 刑事被告，未决犯；罪犯 [17th c.: originally in the formula Culprit, how will you be tried?, said by the Clerk of the Crown to a prisoner pleading Not Guilty: perhaps from an abbreviation of Anglo-French Culpable: prest d'averrer notre bille ‘(You are) guilty: (We are) ready to prove our indictment’]

culshie var.  of CULCHIE  CULCHIE 的变体

cult /kʌlt/ n.  1  a system of religious worship esp. as expressed in ritual 礼拜，膜拜；祭礼 2  a  devotion or homage to a person or thing (对人或事物的)狂热崇拜  the cult of aestheticism  对唯美主义的狂热崇拜b  a popular fashion esp. followed by a specific section of society (尤指社会某阶层的)时尚，一时的狂热 3 (作 attrib.)  denoting a person or thing popularized in this way (人或事物)风靡一时的，狂热崇拜的  cult film  风靡一时的电影 cult figure  受崇拜的人，偶像 □ cultic  adj.  □ cultism  n.  □ cultist  n.   [French culte or Latin cultus ‘worship’, from colere cult- ‘inhabit, till, worship’]

cultivar /ˈkʌltivɑ:/ n. Bot.  a cultivated plant variety produced by selective breeding 【植】栽培品种，栽培品系 [CULTIVATE + VARIETY]

cultivate /ˈkʌltiveit/ v. tr.  1  a  prepare and use (soil etc.) for crops or gardening 耕，耕作b  break up (the ground) with a cultivator 中耕，松土 2  a  raise or produce (crops) 栽培，种植(庄稼)b  culture (bacteria, cells, etc.) 培育(细菌、细胞等) 3  a (often as 常作 cultivated adj.)  apply oneself to improving or developing (the mind, manners, etc.) 陶冶，磨炼(思想、态度等)b  pay attention to or nurture (a person or a person's friendship); ingratiate oneself with (a person) 使(某人)有教养；加强友谊；结交朋友 □ cultivable  adj.  □ cultivatable  adj.  □ cultivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin cultivare from cultiva (terra) ‘arable (land)’ (as CULT)]

cultivator /ˈkʌltiveitə/ n.  1  a mechanical implement for breaking up the ground and uprooting weeds 耕耘机，中耕机 2  a person or thing that cultivates 耕种者，栽培者

cultural /ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the cultivation of the mind or manners, esp. through artistic or intellectual activity (有关)修养的，教养的；智育的 □ culturally  adv.  

culture /ˈkʌltʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively 文化(文学艺术的总称)  a city lacking in culture  一座缺乏文化气息的城市b  a refined understanding of this; intellectual development 文化修养；智力发展状况  a person of culture  有文化修养的人 2  the customs, civilization, and achievements of a particular time or people (特定时期或民族的)风俗；文明；成就  studied Chinese culture  研究过中国文明 3  improvement by mental or physical training 教育，教养，陶冶 4  a  the cultivation of plants; the rearing of bees, silkworms, etc. (作物的)种植，栽培；(蜜蜂、蚕等)养殖b  the cultivation of the soil (土地的)耕作 5  a  the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc. in an artificial nutrient medium (细菌、细胞组织等的)培养b  a growth of cells etc. so obtained 培养的细胞组织 ●v. tr.  maintain (cells etc.) in conditions suitable for growth 培养(细胞组织等) [Middle English from French culture or Latin cultura (as CULT): the verb from obsolete French culturer or medieval Latin culturare]

culture-bound adj.  restricted in character or outlook by belonging to a particular culture (性格或观点等)受文化制约的

cultured /ˈkʌltʃəd/ adj.  having refined taste and manners and a good education 有教养的，有文化的；文雅的

cultured pearl n.  a pearl formed by an oyster after the insertion of a foreign body into its shell 人工养殖珍珠

culture shock n.  the feeling of disorientation experienced by a person suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture or way of life 文化冲击(指面临陌生文化或生活方式时所产生的困惑感)

culture vulture n. colloq.  a person eager to acquire culture [口]热衷于文化的人，贪求文化的人

cultus /ˈkʌltəs/ n.  a system of religious worship; a cult (宗教上的)膜拜；崇拜 [Latin: see CULT]

culverin /ˈkʌlv(ə)rin/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a long cannon 长炮，重炮 2  a small firearm 火枪；步枪 [Middle English from Old French coulevrine, from couleuvre ‘snake’, ultimately from Latin colubra]

culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ n.  1  an underground channel carrying water across a road etc. (道路等下面的)涵洞，涵洞管道 2 Brit.  a channel for an electric cable [英]电缆管道 [18th c.: origin unknown]

cum1 /kʌm/ prep. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  with, combined with, also used as 和，与；附有，连同；兼作  a bedroom-cum-study  卧室兼书房 [Latin]

cum2 /kʌm/ n. slang [俚语]  = COMEn.  [corruption]

cumber /ˈkʌmbə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. literary  hamper, hinder, inconvenience [文学用语]阻碍，妨碍；给…带来不便 ●n.  a hindrance, obstruction, or burden 妨碍物，障碍物；累赘，负担 [Middle English, probably from ENCUMBER]

Cumberland sausage /ˈkʌmbələnd/ n. Brit.  a type of coarse-grained sausage traditionally made in a continuous strip from which the amount required is cut [英]坎伯兰香肠(传统的做法是做成连续不断的长条，切开来卖)

cumbersome /ˈkʌmbəs(ə)m/ adj.  inconvenient in size, weight, or shape; unwieldy (因大小、重量、形状等而)不方便的，笨重的；难使用的 □ cumbersomely  adv.  □ cumbersomeness  n.   [Middle English from CUMBER + -SOME1]

cumbia /ˈkʊmbiə/ n.  1  a kind of dance music of Colombian origin, similar to salsa 坎比亚舞曲(源于哥伦比亚，与萨尔萨舞曲相似) 2  a dance performed to this music 坎比亚舞蹈 [adapted from Colombian Spanish, perhaps from Spanish cumbé]

Cumbrian /ˈkʌmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Cumberland in northern England (英国北部)坎伯兰郡的 2  a  of the ancient British kingdom of Cumbriria (古代英国)坎布里亚王国的b  of the myounty of Cumbria (现代英国)坎布里亚郡的 ●n.  a native of Cumberland or of ancient or modern Cumbria 坎伯兰人；坎布里亚人；古坎布里亚王国居民 [medieval Latin Cumbria, from Welsh Cymry ‘Welshmen’, + -AN]

cumbrous /ˈkʌmbrəs/ adj.  = CUMBERSOME  □ cumbrously  adv.  □ cumbrousness  n.   [CUMBER + -OUS]

cum grano salis /kʌm ˌɡrɑ:nəʊ ˈsɑ:lis/ adv.  with a grain of salt (cf. 参见 take with a pinch of salt 半信半疑地 (see 见 SALT)) 有保留地，不全信地，有所怀疑地 [Latin]

cumin /ˈkʌmin/ n. (also 亦作 cummin)  1  an umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, bearing aromatic seeds 莳萝，土茴香(伞形科植物，其种子有芳香气味) 2  these seeds used as flavouring, esp. ground and used in curry powder (尤指碾碎用于咖喱粉的)莳萝子，土茴香子 [Middle English via Old French cumin, comin and Latin cuminum from Greek kuminon, probably of Semitic origin]

cummerbund /ˈkʌməbʌnd/ n.  a waist sash 宽腰带 [Hindustani & Persian kamar-band ‘loin-band’]

cummin var.  of CUMIN  CUMIN 的变体

cumquat var.  of KUMQUAT  KUMQUAT 的变体

cumulate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈkju:mjʊleit/  accumulate, amass; combine 积累，积聚；堆积；(使)合并为一 ●adj. /ˈkju:mjʊlət/  heaped up, massed 堆积的，累积的 □ cumulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin cumulare from cumulus ‘heap’]

cumulative /ˈkju:mjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  a  increasing or increased in amount, force, etc., by successive additions (数量)累积的；(力量)渐增的  cumulative evidence  (补充或增强前一证据的)累积证据b  formed by successive additions 逐渐积累形成的  learning is a cumulative process  学识是一个逐渐积累的过程 2 Stock Exch. (of shares) entitling holders to arrears of interest before any other distribution is made 【股】累积股息的，累积红利的 □ cumulatively  adv.  □ cumulativeness  n.  

cumulative error n. Statistics  an error that increases with the size of the sample revealing it 【统计学】累积误差，累积偏差

cumulative voting n.  a system in which each voter has as many votes as there are candidates and may give all to one candidate 累积投票制(投票人领取与候选人数相等的选票，可将全部选票投给一个候选人或分投几个候选人)

cumulo- /ˈkju:mjʊləʊ/ comb. form  cumulus (cloud) [构词成分]积云

cumulonimbus /ˌkju:mjʊləʊˈnimbəs/ n. (pl. cumulonimbuses or cumulonimbi /-bai/) Meteorol.  a cloud like cumulus but formed in towering masses, as in thunderstorms 【气】积雨云，雷雨云(由积云发展而成，顶部向上突起成峰状或塔状，云底乌黑色，出现于雷雨到来之前)

cumulus /ˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. (pl. cumuli /-lai, -li:/) Meteorol. 【气】  1  clouds formed in rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude 积云(晴天时在低空形成的白色云团，呈层叠状) 2  a cloud of this type (一片)积云 □ cumulous  adj.   [Latin, = heap]

cuneate /ˈkju:niət/ adj.  wedge-shaped 楔形的 [Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

cuneiform /ˈkju:niifɔ:m, -nif-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wedge-shaped 楔形的 2  of, relating to, or using the wedge-shaped writing impressed usu. in clay in ancient Babylonian etc. inscriptions (通常指古巴比伦等的铭文)用楔形文字书写的，楔形文字的 ●n.  cuneiform writing 楔形文字，楔形文字铭文 [French cunéiforme or modern Latin cuneiformis, from Latin cuneus ‘wedge’]

cunjevoi /ˈkʌndʒivɔi/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a tall plant of the arum family, Alocasia macrorrhiza 海芋，观音莲(海芋属植物) 2  a sea squirt 海鞘(被囊动物) [Aboriginal (NSW), senses 1 and 2 perhaps unconnected]

cunnilingus /kʌniˈliŋɡəs/ n. (also 亦作 cunnilinctus /-ˈliŋ(k)təs/)  oral stimulation of the female genitals 舔阴(指用口接触女性生殖器的性刺激行为) [Latin, from cunnus ‘vulva’ + lingere ‘lick’]

cunning /ˈkʌniŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (cunninger, cunningest)  1  a  skilled in ingenuity or deceit 足智多谋的；狡诈的，诡诈的b  selfishly clever or crafty 狡猾的；灵巧的，熟练的 2  ingenious 制作精巧的，小巧玲珑的  a cunning device  制作精巧的装置 3 N. Amer.  attractive, quaint [北美]可爱的，精巧的，雅致的 ●n.  1  craftiness; skill in deceit 狡猾；狡诈，诡诈 2  skill, ingenuity 熟练；心灵手巧 □ cunningly  adv.  □ cunningness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse kunnandi ‘knowing’, from kunna ‘know’: cf. CAN1]

cunt /kʌnt/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  the female genitals 阴道，女子阴部 2 offens.  an unpleasant or stupid person [冒犯]讨厌鬼，笨蛋 [Middle English, from Germanic]

CUP abbr.  Cambridge University Press [缩略]剑桥大学出版社

cup /kʌp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bowl-shaped container, usu. with a handle for drinking from 杯子 2  a  its contents 一杯的容量  a cup of tea  一杯茶b  = CUPFUL  3  a cup-shaped thing, esp. the calyx of a flower or the socket of a bone 杯形物，(尤指)花萼；骨臼 4  flavoured wine, cider, etc., usu. chilled (葡萄酒、苹果酒加调料制成，通常为冷冻的)混合饮料 5  an ornamental cup-shaped trophy as a prize for victory or prowess, esp. in a sports contest (尤指体育比赛的)奖杯，优胜杯 6  one's fate or fortune 命运，遭遇  a bitter cup  苦难的遭遇 7  either of the two cup-shaped parts of a brassiere 乳罩窝 8  the chalice used or the wine taken at the Eucharist 圣餐杯；圣餐酒 9 Golf  the hole on a putting green or the metal container in it 【高尔夫球】球洞，金属洞壁 ●v. tr. (cupped, cupping)  1  form (esp. one's hands) into the shape of a cup (尤指用手)窝成杯状 2  take or hold as in a cup 用杯子盛放，用杯子舀 3 hist.  bleed (a person) by using a glass in which a partial vacuum is formed by heating [史义]为…拔火罐(放血) □ one's cup of tea  colloq.  what interests or suits one [口]使某人感性趣的东西，合某人胃口的东西□ in one's cups  colloq.  while drunk; drunk [口]正在饮酒的；醉倒的 [Old English cuppe from medieval Latin cuppa probably from Latin cupa ‘tub’]

cupbearer /ˈkʌpbɛərə/ n.  a person who serves wine, esp. an officer of a royal or noble household (尤指王室或贵族家庭宴会上)斟酒侍臣，待酒者

cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ n.  a recess or piece of furniture with a door and (usu.) shelves, in which things are stored 食橱，碗橱 [Middle English from CUP + BOARD]

cupboard love n.  a display of affection meant to secure some gain (有所企图而)假装的亲热

cupcake /ˈkʌpkeik/ n.  a small cake baked in a cup-shaped foil or paper container and often iced 杯形蛋糕，纸杯蛋糕

cupel /ˈkju:p(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small flat porous vessel used in assaying gold or silver in the presence of lead 灰皿，烤钵(鉴定金银用的多孔扁平容器) ●v. tr. (cupelled, cupelling; US [美] cupeled, cupeling)  assay or refine in a cupel 用灰皿鉴定，用灰皿提炼 □ cupellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French coupelle from Late Latin cupella, diminutive of cupa: see CUP]

Cup Final n. Brit.  the final match in a competition for a cup [英]优胜杯决赛

cupful /ˈkʌpfʊl/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  the amount held by a cup, esp. N. Amer. a half-pint or 8-ounce measure in cookery 一杯的量；[尤北美] (烹调)半品脱(或 8 盎司) 2  the contents of a full cup 杯中之物  drank a cupful of water  喝了一杯水■Usage 用法说明 A cupful is a measure, and so three cupfuls is a quantity regarded in terms of a cup; three cups full denotes the actual cups, as in he brought us three cups full of water. A cupful 是一个计量单位，所以 three cupfuls 是一个用“杯”计量的数量； three cups full 指的是实际的杯子，如 he brought us three cups full of water (他给我们端来 3 个装满水的杯子)。 

Cupid /ˈkju:pid/ n.  1 (in Roman mythology) the Roman god of love represented as a naked winged boy with a bow and arrows 丘比特(罗马神话中的爱神，为一手执弓矢的双翅裸体男孩) 2 (also 亦作 cupid)  a representation of Cupid 丘比特画像(塑像) [Middle English from Latin Cupido, from cupere ‘desire’]

cupidity /kju:ˈpiditi/ n.  greed for gain; avarice 贪财；贪婪，贪得无厌 [Middle English from Old French cupidité or Latin cupiditas, from cupidus ‘desirous’: related to COVET]

Cupid's bow n.  the upper lip etc. shaped like the double-curved bow carried by Cupid 双弧形的上唇(形状像丘比特的双弧形弓箭)

cup lichen n.  a lichen, Cladonia pyxidata, with cup-shaped processes arising from the thallus 杯形地衣，苔藓(石蕊属植物，从叶状体生出一些杯形突起)

cupola /ˈkju:pələ/ n.  1  a  a rounded dome forming a roof or ceiling 圆形屋顶，圆形天花板b  a small rounded dome adorning a roof (装饰屋顶的)圆形穹顶 2  a revolving dome protecting mounted guns on a warship or in a fort (军舰或城堡的)旋转炮塔 3 (in full 全称 cupola furnace)  a furnace for melting metals 化铁炉，冲天炉 □ cupolaed  /-ləd/ adj.   [Italian from Late Latin cupula, diminutive of cupa ‘cask’]

cuppa /ˈkʌpə/ n. (also 亦作 cupper) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a cup of 一杯 2  a cup of tea 一杯茶 [corruption]

cuprammonium /kju:prəˈməʊniəm/ n. Chem.  a complex ion of divalent copper and ammonia, solutions of which dissolve cellulose 【化】铜氨离子，四氨络铜离子(其溶液可溶解纤维素) [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’ + AMMONIUM]

cupreous /ˈkju:priəs/ adj.  of or like copper 铜的；似铜的 [Late Latin cupreus from cuprum ‘copper’]

cupric /ˈkju:prik/ adj. Chem.  of copper, esp. divalent copper 【化】铜的(尤指二价铜的) □ cupriferous  /-ˈprif(ə)rəs/ adj.  含铜的，产铜的 [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’]

cuprite /ˈkju:prait/ n. Mineral.  native cuprous oxide, a red mineral and major copper ore 【矿】赤铜矿

cupro- /ˈkju:prəʊ/ comb. form  copper (cupro-nickel 铜镍合金) [构词成分]铜

cupro-nickel /kju:prəʊˈnik(ə)l/ n.  an alloy of copper and nickel, esp. in the proportions 3:1 as used in ‘silver’ coins 铜镍合金(尤指用于制作银币，铜镍比例为 3 比 1 的铜镍合金)

cuprous /ˈkju:prəs/ adj. Chem.  of copper, esp. monovalent copper 【化】铜的(尤指一价铜的) [Late Latin cuprum ‘copper’]

cup-tie n. Brit.  a match in a competition for a cup [英]优胜杯决赛

cupule /ˈkju:pjʊl/ n. Bot. & Zool.  a cup-shaped organ, receptacle, etc. 【植】【动】壳斗，杯状物；杯形器，杯形托 [Late Latin cupula CUPOLA]

cur /kɜ:/ n.  1  a worthless or snappy dog 劣等狗，恶狗 2 colloq.  a contemptible man [口]卑鄙小人，坏种 [Middle English, probably originally in cur-dog, perhaps from Old Norse kurr ‘grumbling’]

curable /ˈkjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be cured (疾病等)能治愈的 □ curability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [CURE]

curacy /ˈkjʊərəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a curate's office or the tenure of it 助理牧师的职位(任期)

curare /kjʊˈrɑ:ri/ n.  a resinous bitter substance prepared from S. American plants of the genera Strychnos and Chondodendron, paralysing the motor nerves, used by American Indians to poison arrows and blowpipe darts, and formerly used as a muscle relaxant in surgery 箭毒(一种用南美洲马钱子和箭毒素属植物制取的树脂状毒汁，可麻痹运动神经，美洲印第安人用以浸制毒箭和吹管飞镖，以前用作外科手术中的肌肉松弛剂) [Carib]

curassow /ˈkjʊərəsəʊ/ n.  any game bird of the family Cracidae, found in Central and S. America 库拉索鸟(凤冠雉科鸟类，产于中南美洲) [Anglicized from Curaçao, an island in the Caribbean]

curate1 /ˈkjʊərət/ n.  1  a member of the clergy engaged as assistant to a parish priest 助理牧师 2 archaic  an ecclesiastical pastor [古义]堂区牧师 [Middle English from medieval Latin curatus, from Latin cura CURE]

curate2 /kjʊ(ə)ˈreit/ v.  1 tr.  act as curator of (a museum, exhibits, etc.); look after and preserve 担任(博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长；照看，保管 2 intr.  perform the duties of a curator 履行(馆长职责) □ curation  n.   [back-formation from CURATOR]

curate-in-charge n.  = PRIEST-IN-CHARGE 

curate's egg n. esp. Brit.  a thing that is partly good and partly bad [尤英]优劣兼备的物品，不好不坏的东西 [CURATE1, originating in a story of a meek curate who on being given a stale egg stated that ‘parts of it’ were ‘excellent’]

curative /ˈkjʊərətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending or able to cure (esp. disease) (尤指疾病)有疗效的，能治愈的 ●n.  a curative medicine or agent 药品，治疗剂 [French curatif -ive via medieval Latin curativus from Latin curare CURE]

curator /kjʊ(ə)ˈreitə/ n.  a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection (博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长；看管人，管理人 □ curatorial  /kjʊərəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ curatorship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French curatour (Old French -eur) or Latin curator (as CURATIVE)]

curaçao /kjʊərəˈsəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 curaçoa /-ˈsəʊə/) (pl. -os or curaçoas)  a liqueur of spirits flavoured with the peel of bitter oranges 库拉索酒(一种用酸橘皮调味的甜酒) [Curaçao, the name of the Caribbean island producing these oranges]

curb /kɜ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a check or restraint 抑制，控制，约束 2  a strap etc. fastened to the bit and passing under a horse's lower jaw, used as a check 马勒，马嚼子 3  an enclosing border or edging such as the frame round the top of a well or a fender round a hearth 围栏(如井栏，壁炉槛) 4  = KERB  ●v. tr.  1  restrain 抑制，控制，约束 2  put a curb on (a horse) 给(马)戴上马勒 [Middle English via Old French courber from Latin curvare ‘bend, CURVE’]

curb roof n.  a roof of which each face has two slopes, the lower one steeper 复折形屋顶

curcuma /ˈkɜ:kjʊmə/ n.  1  the spice turmeric 姜黄(调味品) 2  any tuberous plant of the genus Curcuma, yielding this and other commercial substances 姜黄，郁金(姜黄属块茎植物) [medieval Latin from Arabic kurkum ‘saffron’ from Sanskrit kuṅkuma]

curd /kɜ:d/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a coagulated substance formed by the action of acids on milk, which may be made into cheese or eaten as food (牛奶产生酸性作用而形成的)凝乳 2  a fatty substance found between flakes of boiled salmon flesh (煮熟鲑鳟鱼的)脂肪凝块 3  the edible head of a cauliflower 花椰菜心 □ curdy  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

curd cheese n.  a soft smooth cheese made from skimmed milk curds 凝乳奶酪

curdle /ˈkɜ:d(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  make into or become curds; coagulate, congeal 使结成凝乳；使凝结，使冻结 □ make one's blood curdle   fill one with horror 使极度惊恐□ curdler  n.   [frequentative form of CURD (as verb)]

curd soap n.  a white soap made of tallow and soda 酪状皂，兽脂肥皂

cure /kjʊə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  restore (a person or animal) to health; relieve 治愈(病人或动物)；解除(病痛)  was cured of pleurisy  治愈了胸膜炎 2 tr.  eliminate (a disease, evil, etc.) 消除，祛除(疾病、弊端等) 3 tr.  preserve (meat, fruit, tobacco, or skins) by salting, drying, etc. (肉、水果、烟草等用腌、晒等方法)加工处理(或贮藏) 4 tr.  a  vulcanize (rubber) 使(橡胶)硫化b  harden (concrete or plastic) 使(混凝土或塑料)硬化 5 intr.  effect a cure 治愈 6 intr.  undergo a process of curing 接受治疗 ●n.  1  restoration to health 治愈，痊愈 2  a thing that effects a cure (有治愈疗效的)药，治疗用剂 3  a course of medical or healing treatment 疗法，疗程 4  a  the process of curing rubber or plastic (橡胶或塑料的)硫化过程b (with qualifying adj. 与限定性形容词连用)  the degree of this 硫化的程度 5  a  the office or function of a curate 助理牧师职务b  a parish or other sphere of spiritual ministration (教会的)堂区，牧区 □ curer  n.   [Middle English via Old French curer from Latin curare ‘take care of’, from cura ‘care’]

cure-all /ˈkjʊərɔ:l/ n.  a panacea; a universal remedy 万应灵药，能治百病的药

curettage /kjʊəˈretidʒ, kjʊəriˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  the use of or an operation involving the use of a curette 刮除术 [French (as CURETTE)]

curette /kjʊəˈret/ n. & v. ●n.  a surgeon's small instrument for scraping (外科医生使用的)刮匙，刮器 ●v. tr. & intr.  clean or scrape with a curette 用刮匙(或刮器)刮 [French, from curer ‘cleanse’ (as CURE)]

curfew /ˈkɜ:fju:/ n.  1  a  a regulation restricting or forbidding the public circulation of people, esp. requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours, usu. at night 宵禁，宵禁令b  the hour designated as the beginning of such a restriction (宵禁)开始的时间c  a daily signal indicating this 宵禁信号 2 hist. [史义]  a  a medieval regulation requiring people to extinguish fires at a fixed hour in the evening (中世纪)晚间定时灭火熄灯就寝的规定b  the hour for this 灭火熄灯就寝的时间c  the bell announcing it 灭火熄灯就寝的钟声 3  the ringing of a bell at a fixed evening hour 晚间定时的钟声 [Middle English from Anglo-French coeverfu, Old French cuevrefeu, from the stem of couvrir COVER + feu ‘fire’]

Curia /ˈkjʊəriə/ n. (also 亦作 curia)  the papal court; the government departments of the Vatican 罗马教廷；梵蒂冈政府机构 □ Curial  adj.   [Latin: originally a division of an ancient Roman tribe, the Senate house at Rome, a feudal court of justice]

curie /ˈkjʊəri/ n.  1  a unit of radioactivity, corresponding to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second (abbr. 缩略 : Ci) 居里(放射性强度单位， = 3.7 × 1010 次蜕变 / 秒) 2  a quantity of radioactive substance having this activity (放射性物质)蜕变量 [named after Pierre Curie (see CURIUM)]

curio /ˈkjʊəriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a rare or unusual object or person 古董，古玩，珍品；怪人，异乎寻常的人 [19th-c. abbreviation of CURIOSITY]

curiosa /kjʊəriˈəʊsə/ n. pl.  1  curiosities 奇物，奇事；珍品 2  erotic or pornographic books 色情的书，淫秽的书 [neut. pl. of Latin curiosus: see CURIOUS]

curiosity /kjʊəriˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an eager desire to know; inquisitiveness 好奇心；求知欲 2  strangeness 过于好奇，爱打听别人的事 3  a strange, rare, or interesting object 奇物，古玩，珍品 [Middle English via Old French curiouseté from Latin curiositas -tatis (as CURIOUS)]

curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  eager to learn; inquisitive 好奇的；有求知欲的，爱钻研的 2  strange, surprising, odd 奇特的，稀奇的；出人意料的 3 euphem. (of books etc.) erotic, pornographic [婉] (书籍等)色情的，淫秽的 □ curiously  adv.  □ curiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French curios from Latin curiosus ‘careful’, from cura ‘care’]

curium /ˈkjʊəriəm/ n.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element, first produced by bombarding plutonium with helium ions (symbol 符 Cm) 锔(一种人造超铀放射性金属元素，最初是采用氦离子轰击钚的方法制取的) [named after Marie Curie (d. 1934) and Pierre Curie (d. 1906), French scientists, discoverers of radium]

curl /kɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  bend or coil into a spiral; form or cause to form curls 卷成螺旋状；使(头发)鬈曲 2 intr.  move in a spiral form 呈螺旋式移动  smoke curling upwards  烟雾袅袅上升 3  a intr. (of the upper lip) be raised slightly on one side as an expression of contempt or disapproval (上唇)扭曲，撇嘴(表示轻蔑或不赞成)b tr.  cause (the lip) to do this 使(上唇)扭曲，撇嘴 4 intr.  play curling 玩冰上溜石游戏 ●n.  1  a lock of curled hair (一绺)鬈发 2  anything spiral or curved inwards 卷曲物，卷状物，螺旋状物 3  a  a curling movement or act 卷曲动作b  the state of being curled 卷曲状态 4  a disease of plants in which the leaves are curled up (植物的)卷叶病 □ curl up   1  lie or sit with the knees drawn up (躺或坐)蜷作一团，蜷缩 2 colloq.  writhe with embarrassment or horror [口] (因窘迫或恐惧而)扭曲身子，蜷缩□ make a person's hair curl  colloq.  shock or horrify a person [口]使人毛骨悚然□ out of curl  Brit.  lacking energy [英]无生气，缺少活力 [Middle English from obsolete adj. crolle, crulle ‘curly’, from Middle Dutch krul]

curler /ˈkɜ:lə/ n.  1  a pin or roller etc. for curling the hair 卷发卡，卷发夹 2  a player in the game of curling 冰上溜石游戏者

curlew /ˈkɜ:l(j)u:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or curlews)  a wading bird of the genus Numenius, with a long slender down-curved bill, esp. the European N. arquatus 杓鹬属涉禽(其喙细长且向下弯曲，尤指欧洲) [Middle English from Old French courlieu, courlis, originally imitative, but assimilated to courliu ‘courier’, from courre ‘run’ + lieu ‘place’]

curlicue /ˈkɜ:likju:/ n.  a decorative curl or twist (装饰性)卷曲，旋曲 [CURLY + CUE2 (= pigtail) or Q1]

curling /ˈkɜ:liŋ/ n.  1  in senses of CURL v. 用于 CURL 的动词各释义 2  a game played on ice, esp. in Scotland, in which large round flat stones are slid across the surface towards a mark (尤指苏格兰)冰上溜石游戏

curling tongs n. pl. (also 亦作 curling iron or curling pins)  a heated device for twisting the hair into curls 卷发钳，烫发钳；卷发夹

curly /ˈkɜ:li/ adj. (curlier, curliest)  1  having or arranged in curls 卷曲的，有鬈发的；蜷缩的 2  moving in curves 波状运动 □ curliness  n.  

curly endive  see 见 ENDIVE 1 

curly kale n.  a form of kale with wrinkled leaves 卷叶羽衣甘蓝

curmudgeon /kɜ:ˈmʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  a bad-tempered or miserly person 脾气坏的人；吝啬鬼，守财奴 □ curmudgeonly  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

currach /ˈkʌrə(x)/ n. (also 亦作 curragh) Ir.  a coracle [爱尔兰]克勒克小艇 [Irish: cf. CORACLE]

currajong var.  of KURRAJONG  KURRAJONG 的变体

currant /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a dried fruit of a small seedless variety of grape originally grown in the E. Mediterranean region and much used in cookery 无核小葡萄干，加仑子(原产于东地中海地区，多用于烹调) 2  a  a shrub of the genus Ribes producing red, white, or black berries 茶藨子(茶藨子属灌木，结红、白或黑色浆果)b  a berry of such a shrub 茶藨子浆果 [Middle English raysons of coraunce from Anglo-French, = grapes of Corinth (the original source)]

currawong /ˈkʌrəwɒŋ/ n. Austral.  a large Australian woodland songbird of the genus Strepera, resembling the magpie and having a resonant call [澳]澳洲喜鹊(一种产于澳洲林地的噪钟鹊属鸣禽，与喜鹊相似，叫声洪亮) [Aboriginal, probably Yagara garrawan]

currency /ˈkʌr(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the money in general use in a country (一国通用的)货币b  any other commodity used as a medium of exchange (用作交换媒介的)商品 2  the condition of being current; prevalence (e.g. of words or ideas) 流行，通用；通行(如词语、思想等) 3  the time during which something is current 流行(流通)时期

current /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  belonging to the present time; happening now 现时的，现行的；当前发生的  current events  时事 the current week  本周 2 (of money, opinion, a rumour, a word, etc.) in general circulation or use (货币等)通用的，流通的；(见解、传闻、词语等)流行的，通行的，流传的 ●n.  1  a body of water, air, etc., moving in a definite direction, esp. through a stiller surrounding body 流，水流，气流 2  a  a flow of electricity, i.e. an ordered movement of electrically charged particles 电流b  a quantity representing the rate of this 电流强度 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a general tendency or course (of events, opinions, etc.) (事件、见解等)趋势，趋向，倾向，潮流 □ pass current  Brit.  be generally accepted as true or genuine [英]被普遍接受，通用，通行 [Middle English via Old French corant ‘running’ from Latin currere ‘run’]

current account n. Brit.  a bank account from which money may be drawn without notice [英]活期存款账户

currently /ˈkʌrəntli/ adv.  at the present time; now 现时；目前

curricle /ˈkʌrik(ə)l/ n. hist.  a light open two-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses abreast [史义] (由两匹马并排拉的)双轮轻便马车 [Latin curriculum: see CURRICULUM]

curriculum /kʌˈrikjʊləm/ n. (pl. curricula /-lə/)  1  the subjects that are studied or prescribed for study in a school (学校的)课程  not part of the school curriculum  不是学校课程的一部分 2  any programme of activities (活动的)日程表，方案 □ curricular  adj.  课程的 [Latin, = course, race-chariot, from currere ‘run’]

curriculum vitae /kʌˌrikjʊləm ˈvi:tai, ˈvaiti:/ n. (pl. curricula vitae or vitarum)  a brief account of one's education, qualifications, and previous occupations (有关某人教育、资格、曾任职务等的)简历，履历 [Latin, = course of life]

currier /ˈkʌriə/ n.  a person who dresses and colours tanned leather 毛皮鞣制工，制革工 [Middle English via Old French corier from Latin coriarius, from corium ‘leather’]

currish /ˈkɜ:riʃ/ adj.  1  like a cur; snappish 杂种狗似的，爱咬人的；脾气坏的 2  ignoble 无教养的，卑鄙的，可耻的 □ currishly  adv.  □ currishness  n.  

curry1 /ˈkʌri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in a sauce of hot-tasting spices, usu. served with rice (用咖喱调味的)菜肴 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  prepare or flavour with a sauce of hot-tasting spices 用咖喱粉调味  curried eggs  咖喱鸡蛋 [Tamil kari]

curry2 /ˈkʌri/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  groom (a horse) with a curry-comb (用马梳)梳刷，刷拭 2  treat (tanned leather) to improve its properties 整理(皮革) 3  thrash 摔打，抽打 □ curry favour   ingratiate oneself 讨…的欢心，拍…的马屁 [Middle English from Old French correier, ultimately from Germanic]

curry-comb n.  a hand-held serrated device used in grooming horses (有金属齿的)马梳

curry powder n.  a preparation of turmeric and other spices for making curry 咖喱粉

curse /kɜ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict destruction or punishment on a person or thing (对人、物的)诅咒，咒语 2  the evil supposedly resulting from a curse (一般认为诅咒带来的)灾祸，祸殃 3  a violent exclamation of anger; a profane oath 咒骂；骂人的话 4  a thing that causes evil or harm 祸因，祸根 5 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  menstruation [口]月经，月经期 6  a sentence of excommunication 开除教籍，逐出教会 ●v.  1 tr.  a  utter a curse against 诅咒，咒骂b (in imper. 用于祈使句)  may God curse 求(上帝)降祸于 2 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with)  afflict with 使受苦；折磨  cursed with blindness  遭受失明之苦 3 intr.  utter expletive curses; swear 咒骂；亵渎 4 tr.  excommunicate 开除…的教籍，把…逐出教会 □ curser  n.   [Old English curs, cursian, of unknown origin]

cursed /ˈkɜ:sid, kɜ:st/ adj. (archaic [古义] curst /kɜ:st/)  damnable, abominable 该咒的，可恶的，讨厌的 □ cursedly  adv.  □ cursedness  n.  

cursillo /kʊəˈsi:jəʊ, -ˈsi:ljəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) RC Ch.  a short informal spiritual retreat by a group of devotees esp. in Latin America 【天主教】短期培信班(尤指拉美地区天主教会为虔诚教徒举办的灵性静思活动) [Spanish, = little course]

cursive /ˈkɜ:siv/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of writing) done with joined characters (书法)草书的，草写体的 ●n.  cursive writing (cf. 参见 PRINT v. 4, UNCIAL) 草体字 □ cursively  adv.   [medieval Latin (scriptura) cursiva from Latin currere curs- ‘run’]

cursor /ˈkɜ:sə/ n.  1 Math.  etc. a transparent slide engraved with a hairline and forming part of a slide rule 【数】(计算尺的)游标 2 Computing  a movable indicator on a VDU screen identifying a particular position in the display, esp. the position that the program will operate on with the next keystroke 【计算】(计算机屏幕上的)光标 [Latin, = runner (as CURSIVE)]

cursorial /kɜ:ˈsɔ:riəl/ adj. Zool.  having limbs adapted for running 【动】适于奔驰的，擅长奔走的 [as CURSOR + -IAL]

cursory /ˈkɜ:s(ə)ri/ adj.  hasty, hurried 草率的，仓促的；粗略的  a cursory glance  粗略的一瞥 □ cursorily  adv.  □ cursoriness  n.   [Latin cursorius ‘of a runner’ (as CURSOR)]

curst archaic var.  of CURSED [古义] CURSED 的变体

Curt /kɜ:t/   柯特 [人名]

curt /kɜ:t/ adj.  noticeably or rudely brief 简短失礼的，唐突草率的 □ curtly  adv.  □ curtness  n.   [Latin curtus ‘cut short, abridged’]

curtail /kɜ:ˈteil/ v. tr.  1  cut short; reduce; terminate esp. prematurely 截短，缩短；减少，削减；(尤指提前)中止  curtailed his visit to America  缩短了他对美国的访问 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  deprive of [古义]剥夺 □ curtailment  n.   [obsolete curtal ‘horse with docked tail’, via French courtault from court ‘short’, from Latin curtus: assimilated to tail]

curtain /ˈkɜ:t(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of cloth etc. hung up as a screen, usu. movable sideways or upwards, esp. at a window or between the stage and auditorium of a theatre (尤指窗户上或剧场里舞台与观众席之间的)帘，窗帘；幕布，帷幕 2 Theatr. 【戏】  a  the rise or fall of the stage curtain at the beginning or end of an act or scene 幕启，开幕；幕落，闭幕b  = CURTAIN CALL  3  a partition or cover 分隔物，隔墙；遮蔽物，幕状物 4 (in pl. 用复数) slang  the end [俚语]结局，完蛋 ●v. tr.  1  furnish or cover with a curtain or curtains 给…装上帘子，为…挂帷幕 2 (foll. by 后跟 off)  shut off with a curtain or curtains 用帘子(或帷幔)隔开 [Middle English via Old French cortine from Late Latin cortina, translation of Greek aulaia from aulē ‘court’]

curtain call n.  an audience's summons to actor(s) to take a bow after the fall of the curtain 观众要求演员谢幕的掌声；谢幕

curtain fire n. Brit. Mil.  a concentration of rapid and continuous fire [英]【军】弹幕射击，拦阻射击

curtain lecture n.  a wife's private reproof to her husband, originally behind bed-curtains (妻子对丈夫的)床帷内的教训，私下的训话

curtain-raiser n.  1 Theatr.  a piece prefaced to the main performance 【戏】(正剧演出前的)开场小戏 2  a preliminary event (事件的)序曲，前奏，引子

curtain wall n.  1  the plain wall of a fortified place, connecting two towers etc. (连接两个塔楼等的)幕墙 2 Archit.  a piece of plain wall not supporting a roof 【建】(对屋顶不起支撑作用的)悬墙

curtana /kɜ:ˈtɑ:nə, -ˈteinə/ n. Brit.  an unpointed sword borne before English sovereigns at their coronation, as an emblem of mercy [英] (加冕时捧在国王面前作为仁慈象征的)无尖剑，慈悲之剑 [Middle English via Anglo-Latin curtana (spatha ‘sword’) from Anglo-French curtain, Old French cortain, the name of Roland's similar sword, from cort ‘short’ (as CURT)]

curtilage /ˈkɜ:t(i)lidʒ/ n.  an area attached to a dwelling house and forming one enclosure with it 宅院，庭园 [Middle English from Anglo-French curtilage, Old French co(u)rtillage, via co(u)rtil ‘small court’ from cort COURT]

curtsy /ˈkɜ:tsi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 curtsey) ●n. (pl. -ies or -eys)  a woman's or girl's formal greeting or salutation made by bending the knees and lowering the body (女子的)屈膝礼 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied or -eys, -eyed)  make a curtsy 行屈膝礼 [variant of COURTESY]

curule /ˈkjʊəru:l/ adj. Rom. Hist.  designating or relating to the authority exercised by the senior Roman magistrates, chiefly the consul and praetor, who were entitled to use the sella curulis (‘curule seat’ or seat of office) [罗马]【史】地位最高的，有坐贵人座特权的 [Latin curulis from currus ‘chariot’ (in which the chief magistrate was conveyed to the seat of office)]

curvaceous /kɜ:ˈveiʃəs/ adj. (esp. of a woman) having a shapely curved figure (尤指女子)富于曲线美的

curvature /ˈkɜ:vətʃə/ n.  1  the act or state of curving 曲，弯曲 2  a curved form 弯曲形状 3 Geom. 【几】  a  the deviation of a curve from a straight line, or of a curved surface from a plane 曲线，曲面b  the quantity expressing this 曲率，曲度 [Old French from Latin curvatura (as CURVE)]

curve /kɜ:v/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or surface having along its length a regular deviation from being straight or flat, as exemplified by the surface of a sphere or lens 曲线，弧线；曲面，弧形面(如球体或镜头的表面) 2  a curved form or thing 曲线形，弯曲物 3  a curved line on a graph (图表上的)曲线 4 Baseball  a ball caused to deviate by the pitcher's spin 【棒球】曲线球 ●v. tr. & intr.  bend or shape so as to form a curve (使)弯曲，(使)成曲线 □ curved  adj.   [originally as adj. (in curve line) from Latin curvus ‘bent’: the verb from Latin curvare]

curvet /kɜ:ˈvet/ n. & v. ●n.  a horse's leap with the forelegs raised together and the hind legs raised with a spring before the forelegs reach the ground (马的)直立跳跃，腾跃动作 ●v. intr. (curvetted, curvetting or curveted, curveting) (of a horse or rider) make a curvet (马或骑手)做腾跃动作 [Italian corvetta, diminutive of corva CURVE]

curvi- /ˈkɜ:vi/ comb. form  curved [构词成分]曲的，弯曲的 [Latin curvus ‘curved’]

curvifoliate /kɜ:viˈfəʊliət/ adj. Bot.  with the leaves bent back 【植】弯叶的，曲叶的

curviform /ˈkɜ:vifɔ:m/ adj.  having a curved shape 弯曲状的

curvilinear /kɜ:viˈliniə/ adj.  contained by or consisting of curved lines 曲线的，由曲线组成的 □ curvilinearly  adv.   [CURVI-, on the pattern of rectilinear]

curvirostral /kɜ:viˈrɒstr(ə)l/ adj.  with a curved beak (鸟)具曲喙的

curvy /ˈkɜ:vi/ adj. (curvier, curviest)  1  having many curves 弯弯曲曲的 2 (of a woman's figure) shapely (女子体型)富于曲线美的 □ curviness  n.  

curé /ˈkjʊərei/ n.  a parish priest in France etc. (法国等地的)堂区牧师(或神父) [French from medieval Latin curatus: see CURATE1]

cuscus1 var.  of KHUS-KHUS  KHUS-KHUS 的变体

cuscus2 /ˈkʊskʊs/ n.  any of several nocturnal arboreal marsupials of the genus Phalanger, native to New Guinea and northern Australia 斑袋貂(栖息于树上且昼伏夜出的袋貂属有袋目动物，原产于新几内亚和澳大利亚北部) [native name]

cusec /ˈkju:sek/ n.  a unit of flow (esp. of water) equal to one cubic foot per second (尤指水的)容积流率(单位为秒立方英尺) [abbreviation]

cush /kʊʃ/ n. esp. Billiards colloq.  a cushion (尤)【台球】[口]垫子 [abbreviation]

cushat /ˈkʌʃət/ n. Sc.  a wood pigeon [苏格兰]斑尾林鸽 [Old English cūscute, of unknown origin]

cush-cush /ˈkʊʃkʊʃ/ n.  a yam, Dioscorea trifida, native to S. America 三裂叶薯蓣，山药(一种三裂叶薯蓣属植物，原产于南美洲) [perhaps ultimately of African origin]

Cushing's disease /ˈkʊʃiŋz/ n. Med.  Cushing's syndrome as caused by a tumour of the pituitary gland 【医】库欣病(一种由脑垂体肿瘤引起的综合征)

Cushing's syndrome n. Med.  a metabolic disorder caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and hypertension 【医】库欣综合征(一种由肾上腺皮质过度活跃而引起的新陈代谢紊乱，常伴有过度肥胖和高血压症状) [named after H.W. Cushing, US surgeon (d. 1939), who identified it]

cushion /ˈkʊʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bag of cloth etc. stuffed with a mass of soft material, used as a soft support for sitting or leaning on etc. 垫子，坐垫，靠垫 2  a means of protection against shock 减震垫(器)，缓冲垫(器) 3  the elastic lining of the sides of a billiard table, from which the ball rebounds (台球桌四周的)弹性衬里 4  a body of air supporting a hovercraft etc. (气垫船等的)气垫 5  the frog of a horse's hoof (马蹄底部的)蹄楔 ●v. tr.  1  provide or protect with a cushion or cushions 给…提供垫子；用垫子保护 2  provide with a defence; protect 提供防御物；保护 3  mitigate the adverse effects of 缓和…的冲击，减少…的震动  cushioned the blow  缓解击打的力量 4  quietly suppress 悄悄地压制，暗中压制 5  place or bounce (the ball) against the cushion in billiards (台球游戏中)击球(使之撞击球桌的弹性衬里) □ cushiony  adj.   [Middle English via Old French co(i)ssin, cu(i)ssin and Gallo-Roman from Latin culcita ‘mattress, cushion’]

Cushitic /kʊˈʃitik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a group of E. African languages of the Hamitic type 库施特语族(东非地区的一些语言，属于闪含语系) ●adj.  of this group 库施特语族的 [Cush, the name of an ancient country in the Nile valley + -ITE1 + -IC]

cushy /ˈkʊʃi/ adj. (cushier, cushiest) colloq. [口]  1 (of a job etc.) easy and pleasant (工作等)轻松愉快的 2 US (of a seat, surroundings, etc.) soft, comfortable [美] (座位、环境等)柔软的；舒适的 □ cushiness  n.   [Anglo-Indian via Urdu kushī ‘pleasure’ from Persian kuš]

cusp /kʌsp/ n.  1  an apex or peak 顶，顶点；尖，尖端 2  the horn of a crescent moon etc. 月角(月芽的尖角) 3 Astrol.  the initial point of an astrological sign or house 【占】黄道记号的尖端，天宫入口 4 Archit.  a projecting point between small arcs in Gothic tracery 【建】(哥特式窗花格小圆弧之间的)尖头，三角尖顶 5 Geom.  the point at which two arcs meet from the same direction terminating with a common tangent 【几】(两圆弧沿相同方向相交于一个共同切面时的)尖点，歧点 6 Bot.  a pointed end, esp. of a leaf 【植】(尤指叶子的)尖 7  a cone-shaped prominence on the surface of a tooth, esp. of a molar or premolar (尤指臼齿或前臼齿的)牙尖 8 Anat.  a pocket or fold in a valve of the heart 【解】(心瓣膜的)尖瓣 □ cuspate  /-speit/ adj.  尖头的，具硬尖的□ cusped  adj.  □ cuspidal  adj.   [Latin cuspis, -idis ‘point, apex’]

cuspidor /ˈkʌspidɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  a spittoon [北美]痰盂 [Portuguese, = spitter from cuspir ‘spit’, from Latin conspuere]

cuss /kʌs/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a curse 诅咒，咒骂 2 usu. derog.  a person; a creature [通常贬]人，家伙；动物 ●v. tr. & intr.  curse 诅咒，咒骂 [variant of CURSE]

cussed /ˈkʌsid/ adj. colloq.  awkward and stubborn [口]粗笨的；固执的，顽固的 □ cussedly  adv.  □ cussedness  n.   [variant of CURSED]

cuss word n. colloq.  a swear word [口]诅咒语，骂人话

custard /ˈkʌstəd/ n.  1  a sweet sauce made with milk and flavoured cornflour 蛋奶沙司 2  a dish made with milk and eggs, usu. sweetened (甜)蛋奶糕 [originally an open pie containing meat or fruit in a sauce: Middle English, earlier crusta(r)de via Anglo-French from Old French crouste CRUST]

custard apple n.  a W. Indian fruit, Annona reticulata, with a custard-like pulp 番荔枝(一种西印度群岛番荔枝属植物，其肉果形似蛋奶糕)

custard pie n.  1  a pie containing custard or foam, commonly thrown in slapstick comedy 蛋奶冻馅饼(早期粗俗滑稽剧中常用来往演员脸上抹以获得喜剧效果) 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting slapstick comedy 粗俗滑稽剧的

custard powder n.  a preparation of cornflour etc. for making custard 蛋奶沙司粉

custodian /kʌˈstəʊdiən/ n.  a guardian or keeper, esp. of a public building etc. 看管人，看守人；(尤指公共建筑的)看门人 □ custodianship  n.   [CUSTODY + -AN, on the pattern of guardian]

custody /ˈkʌstədi/ n.  1  guardianship; protective care 看守，守卫；保护，监护 2  imprisonment 羁押，拘留，监禁 □ take into custody   arrest 逮捕，拘捕□ custodial  /kʌˈstəʊdiəl/ adj.   [Latin custodia from custos -odis ‘guardian’]

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.  1  a  the usual way of behaving or acting 风俗，习俗  a slave to custom  习俗的奴隶b  a particular established way of behaving 习惯  our customs seem strange to foreigners  我们的习惯在外国人看来似乎很奇怪 2 Law  established usage having the force of law 【法律】惯例 3 esp. Brit.  business patronage; regular dealings or customers [尤英]光顾，惠顾；(总称)主顾，常客  lost a lot of custom  失去许多老主顾 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  a  a duty levied on certain imported and exported goods 关税，进(出)口税b  the official department that administers this 海关c  the area at a port, frontier, etc., where customs officials deal with incoming goods, baggage, etc. (港口、边境等的)海关区 [Middle English and Old French custume, ultimately from Latin consuetudo -dinis: see CONSUETUDE]

customary /ˈkʌstəm(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  usual; in accordance with custom 通常的，惯常的；根据习俗的 2 Law  in accordance with custom 【法律】惯例的，习惯法的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Law  a book etc. listing the customs and established practices of a community 【法律】(社区的)习惯法汇编 □ customarily  adv.  □ customariness  n.   [medieval Latin custumarius from custuma, from Anglo-French custume (as CUSTOM)]

custom-built adj.  made to a customer's order 按(顾客要求)专门制造的，定做的

customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ n.  1  a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business 顾客，主顾 2  a person one has to deal with 不得不与之打交道的人；家伙  an awkward customer  难对付的家伙 [Middle English from Anglo-French custumer (as CUSTOMARY), or from CUSTOM + -ER1]

custom house n. (also 亦作 customs house)  the office at a port or frontier etc. at which customs duties are levied (港口或边境等的)海关

customize /ˈkʌstəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make to order or modify according to individual requirements 定做，定制；按顾客要求改制

custom-made adj.  = CUSTOM-BUILT 

customs union n.  a group of states with an agreed common tariff, and usu. free trade with each other (实行共同关税率，彼此间自由贸易的)关税同盟

cut /kʌt/ v. & n. ●v. (cutting; past and past part. cut)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  penetrate or wound with a sharp-edged instrument (用利器)刺穿，割破  cut his finger  割破了手指 the knife won't cut  这把刀子割不了手 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  divide or be divided with a knife etc. (用刀等)切，割，砍，剪  cut the bread  切面包 cut the cloth into metre lengths  把布裁成一米长的布块 3 tr.  a  trim or reduce the length of (hair, a hedge, etc.) by cutting 修剪，剪短(头发、树篱等)b  detach all or the significant part of (flowers, corn, etc.) by cutting 割掉，剪掉(花朵、鸡眼等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 loose, open, etc.)  make loose, open, etc. by cutting 割断；松开；刺开(剪开等) 5 tr. (esp. as 尤作 cutting adj.)  cause sharp physical or mental pain to 刺痛，使疼痛；使伤心  a cutting remark  刺人的话 a cutting wind  刺骨的寒风 was cut to the quick  刺到了痛处，刺痛了心 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  reduce (wages, prices, time, etc.) 削减，减少(工资、价格、时间等)b  reduce or cease (services etc.) 减少，停止(服务等) 7 tr.  a  shape or fashion (a coat, gem, key, record, etc.) by cutting 裁剪(衣服)；雕琢(宝石)；配制(钥匙)；灌制(唱片)b  make (a path, tunnel, etc.) by removing material 开凿，开辟(通道、隧道等) 8 tr.  perform, execute, make 表演，扮演；假装  cut a caper  做愚蠢的动作 cut a sorry figure  出丑 9 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cross, intersect 相交，相切，交叉  the line cuts the circle at two points  该直线与该圆相交于两点 the two lines cut  这两条直线相交 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 across, through, etc.)  pass or traverse, esp. in a hurry or as a shorter way 抄近路穿过，斜穿  cut across the grass  斜穿过草地 11 tr.  a  ignore or refuse to recognize (a person) 不理睬(某人)，装作不认识b  renounce (a connection) 宣布与…断绝(关系) 12 tr. esp. N. Amer.  deliberately fail to attend (a class etc.) [尤北美]旷(课)，逃(学) 13 Cards 【牌戏】  a tr.  divide (a pack) into two parts 签牌(指把洗过的牌分成两迭，上下倒置)b intr.  select a dealer etc. by dividing the pack 签牌，抽牌(选庄家等) 14 Cinematog. 【电影】  a tr.  edit (a film or tape) 剪辑(影片)，剪接(录像带)b intr. (often in imper. 常用于祈使句)  stop filming or recording 停拍，停止录像c intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  go quickly to (another shot) 切换(镜头) 15 tr.  switch off (an engine etc.) 关掉，停止(发动机等) 16 tr.  a  hit (a ball) with a chopping motion 削球，切球b Golf  slice (the ball) 【高尔夫球】打削球，打斜切球 17 tr. N. Amer.  dilute, adulterate [北美]稀释，冲淡 18 tr. (as 作 cut adj.) Brit. slang  drunk [英] [俚语]喝醉的 19 intr. Cricket (of the ball) turn sharply on pitching 【板球】(球投出后)急转方向 20 intr. slang  run [俚语]跑，快速行进 21 tr.  castrate 阉割(动物)，给(动物)去势 ●n.  1  an act of cutting 切，割，削，剪 2  a division or wound made by cutting 切块，切段；切口，伤口 3  a stroke with a knife, sword, whip, etc. (刀剑等)劈，砍，击；(鞭子等)抽 4  a  a reduction (in prices, wages, etc.) (价格、工资等)减少，降低b Brit.  a cessation (of a power supply etc.) [英]停(电等) 5  an excision of part of a play, film, book, etc. (戏剧、电影、书籍等)删节，删剪 6  a wounding remark or act 伤人的话(行为) 7  the way or style in which a garment, the hair, etc., is cut (服装、头发等的)款式，式样 8  a piece of meat etc. cut from a carcass (从屠宰的动物躯体上)切下的肉 9 colloq.  commission; a share of profits [口]佣金，回扣；分得的利润 10 Tennis & Cricket  etc. a stroke made by cutting 【网球】【板球】削球，切球 11  ignoring of or refusal to recognize a person (对熟人的)故意不理睬，假装不认识 12  a  an engraved block for printing (印刷用)镌版，雕版b  = WOODCUT 1, 2  13  a railway cutting 铁路通道，通路 14  a new channel made for a river (新开挖的)渠道，沟渠 □ a cut above  colloq.  noticeably superior to [口]高出…一截，明显优于□ be cut out  (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  be suited 生来就适合于  was not cut out to be a teacher  生来就不是当老师的材料□ cut across   1  transcend or take no account of (normal limitations etc.) 超越，不顾，不理会(正常限度等)  their concern cuts across normal rivalries  他们的担心不是正常的竞争对手 2  see sense 10 of v. 见动词释义 10□ cut and dried   1  completely decided; pre-arranged; inflexible 成定局的；预定的；不可改变的 2 (of opinions etc.) ready-made, lacking freshness (观点等)老一套的，缺乏新意的□ cut and run  colloq.  run away [口]逃走，跑开□ cut and thrust   1  a lively interchange of argument etc. 激烈的(争论等)交锋 2  the use of both the edge and the point of a sword (用剑)劈与刺，肉搏战□ cut back   1  reduce (expenditure etc.) 缩减，削减(开支等) 2  prune (a tree etc.) 修剪，修整(树木等) 3 Cinematog.  repeat part of a previous scene for dramatic effect 【电影】回切，倒叙(镜头)□ cut both ways   1  serve both sides of an argument etc. (论点等)对双方都适用，两边倒 2 (of an action) have both good and bad effects (行为)有利也有弊□ cut one's coat according to one's cloth   1  adapt expenditure to resources 量入为出 2  limit ambition to what is feasible 量力而行□ cut a corner   go across and not round it 抄近路，走捷径□ cut corners   do a task etc. perfunctorily or incompletely, esp. to save time (尤指为省时间而)敷衍了事□ cut a dash   see 见 DASH □ cut dead   completely refuse to recognize (a person) 假装不认识(某人)□ cut down   1  a  bring or throw down by cutting 砍倒b  kill by means of a sword or disease 杀死 2  see sense 6 of v. 见动词释义 6 3  reduce the length of 把…截短  cut down the trousers to make shorts  把裤子截短改做短裤 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  reduce one's consumption 削减，减少(消费量)  tried to cut down on beer  设法少喝啤酒□ cut a person down to size  colloq.  ruthlessly expose the limitations of a person's importance, ability, etc. [口] (在重要性、能力等方面)使(某人)自知分寸□ cut one's eye-teeth   attain worldly wisdom 变得洞明世故□ cut in   1  interrupt 打断，插嘴 2  pull in too closely in front of another vehicle (esp. having overtaken it) 超车(尤指超车抢道) 3  give a share of profits etc. to (a person) 让(某人)分享利润 4  connect (a source of electricity) 接通(电源) 5  join in a card game by taking the place of a player who cuts out (接替某人)加入牌戏 6  interrupt a dancing couple to take over from one partner 夺他人舞伴□ cut into   1  make a cut in 切入，割入  they cut into the cake  他们把刀子切入蛋糕里 2  interfere with and reduce 介入，干涉；减少  travelling cuts into my free time  旅行减少了我的空闲时间□ cut it fine   see 见 FINE1 □ cut it out  (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) colloq.  stop doing that (esp. quarrelling) [口]停止(尤停止争吵)□ cut the knot   solve a problem in an irregular but efficient way 快刀斩乱麻(即以不合常规的办法有效地解决问题)□ cut loose   1  begin to act freely 开始自由行动，结束对…的控制 2  see sense 4 of v. 见动词释义 4□ cut one's losses (or a loss)   abandon an unprofitable enterprise before losses become too great 趁早撒手，趁损失不大马上放弃□ cut the mustard  N. Amer. slang  reach the required standard [北美] [俚语]达到规定的标准，获得成功□ cut no ice  colloq. [口]  1  have no influence or importance 不起作用，无关紧要 2  achieve little or nothing 一无所成，无所作为□ cut off   1  remove (an appendage) by cutting 割掉，切下(附属物) 2  a (often in passive 常用被动)  bring to an abrupt end or (esp. early) death 突然中断(尤指夭亡、早逝)b  intercept, interrupt; prevent from continuing 截断，阻断；停止  cut off supplies  切断供应 cut off the gas  停止供气c  disconnect (a person engaged in a telephone conversation) 中断(某人的)通话  was suddenly cut off  电话突然中断了 3  a  prevent from travelling or venturing out 切断，使隔绝  was cut off by the snow  被大雪隔断了b (as 作 cut off adj.)  isolated, remote 隔离的，遥远的  felt cut off in the country  在乡下觉得与世隔绝了 4  disinherit 剥夺…的继承权  was cut off without a penny  完全被剥夺了继承权□ cut out   1  remove from the inside by cutting 切掉，割除 2  make by cutting from a larger whole 从一整块中裁剪出；开辟出 3  omit; leave out 删除；剪掉 4 colloq.  stop doing or using (something) [口]停止做某事；不再使用某物  managed to cut out chocolate  设法不再吃巧克力 let's cut out the arguing  咱们不要再争吵了 5  cease or cause to cease functioning (使)停止运转  the engine cut out  发动机停了 6  outdo or supplant (a rival) 击败，战胜；把(对手)排挤掉 7 US  detach (an animal) from the herd [美]把(牛等)从畜群里分离出来 8 Cards  be excluded from a card game as a result of a decision taken by cutting the pack 【牌戏】(通过签牌)把(某人)排斥在牌戏之外□ cut short   1  interrupt; terminate prematurely 打断；提前中断  cut short his visit  中断了他的访问 2  make shorter or more concise 截短，缩短□ cut one's teeth on   acquire initial practice or experience from (something) 从…中获得初步锻炼(或经验)□ cut a tooth   have it appear through the gum 长出牙齿□ cut up   1  cut into pieces 切碎，割碎，剪碎 2  destroy utterly 摧毁，毁灭 3 (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Brit.  distress greatly [英]使伤心，使悲痛  was very cut up about it  为此很伤心 4  criticize severely 抨击，严厉批评 5 N. Amer. derog.  behave in a comical or unruly manner [北美贬]卖弄；胡闹□ cut up rough  Brit. colloq.  show anger or resentment [英口]发脾气，发怒，愤恨□ cut up well  Brit. slang  bequeath a large fortune [英] [俚语]死后留下大宗财产□ have one's work cut out   see 见 WORK  [Middle English cutte, kitte, kette, probably from Old English]

cut-and-come-again n. Brit.  the opportunity of helping oneself as often as one likes; abundance [英]随便享用；大量，丰富 usu. 通常作 attrib.: a cut-and-come-again fruit cake  一个可以随便享用的水果蛋糕

cut-and-paste n.  the process of assembling text by adding or combining sections from other texts 剪贴 often 常作 attrib.: cut-and-paste montage  剪贴混合画

cutaneous /kju:ˈteiniəs/ adj.  of the skin 皮肤的 [modern Latin cutaneus from Latin cutis ‘skin’]

cutaway /ˈkʌtəwei/ adj.  1 (of a diagram etc.) with some parts left out to reveal the interior (图形等)剖面的 2 (of a coat) with the front below the waist cut away (上衣)前下摆向后斜切的

cutback /ˈkʌtbæk/ n.  an instance or the act of cutting back, esp. a reduction in expenditure (尤指开支的)减少，削减

cut-down adj.  that has been reduced, esp. in length (尤指长度)缩短的；删节的  a cut-down raincoat  改短的雨衣 a cut-down version of the play  戏剧的删节本

cute /kju:t/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  a  attractive, pretty; quaint 妩媚动人的，漂亮的；雅致的b  affectedly attractive 矫揉造作的，忸怩作态的 2  clever, ingenious 聪明伶俐的；心灵手巧的 □ cutely  adv.  □ cuteness  n.   [shortening of ACUTE]

cutesy /ˈkju:tsi/ adj. colloq.  dainty or quaint to an affected degree [口]矫揉造作的，忸怩作态的

cut glass n.  glass with patterns and designs cut on it 刻花玻璃，雕花玻璃

cuticle /ˈkju:tik(ə)l/ n.  1  the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail (指甲或趾甲根部的)角质层，护膜 2  the outer cellular layer of a hair (头发表层的)护膜，毛(发)鳞片 3  the epidermis 表皮 4 Bot. & Zool.  the outer layer of an organism, esp. a protective often waxy layer covering the epidermis of a plant or invertebrate 【植】【动】角质层 □ cuticular  /-ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin cuticula, diminutive of cutis ‘skin’]

cutie /ˈkju:ti/ n. slang  an attractive young woman [俚语]妩媚的年轻女子，美人儿

cut-in n.  something that is cut in, esp. an interposed scene in a film 插入的事物(尤指电影的插入镜头、插入画面)

cutis /ˈkju:tis/ n. Anat.  the true skin or dermis, underlying the epidermis 【解】(表皮下面的)真皮 [Latin, = skin]

cutlass /ˈkʌtləs/ n.  a short sword with a slightly curved blade, esp. of the type formerly used by sailors (尤指旧时水手用的)短弯刀 [French coutelas, ultimately from Latin cultellus: see CUTLER]

cutler /ˈkʌtlə/ n.  a person who makes or deals in cutlery 刀剪匠，刀剪商 [Middle English via Anglo-French cotillere, Old French coutelier, from coutel, from Latin cultellus, diminutive of culter COULTER]

cutlery /ˈkʌtləri/ n.  knives, forks, and spoons for use at table (用作餐具的)刀，叉，匙 [Old French & French coutel(l)erie (as CUTLER)]

cutlet /ˈkʌtlit/ n.  1 Brit.  a neck-chop of mutton or lamb [英]羊颈排骨 2  a small piece of veal etc. for frying (牛肉等用于煎炸的)小片 3  a flat cake of minced meat or nuts and breadcrumbs etc. (肉末或坚果末和面包屑等制成的)薄饼 [French côtelette, Old French costelet, diminutive of coste ‘rib’, from Latin costa]

cut-line n.  1  a caption to an illustration 图片说明，插图的文字说明 2  the line in squash above which a served ball must strike the wall 墙上发球限制线(壁球发球必须打在该线上方)

cut-off n.  1  the point at which something is cut off 截止点，断流点 2  a device for stopping a flow 断流器，截止阀 3 US  a short cut [美]捷径，近路 4 (in pl. 用复数)  shorts, esp. made from cut-down jeans (尤指牛仔裤截短而成的)短裤

cut-out n.  1  a figure cut out of paper etc. (用纸等剪出的)图形，图样 2  a device for automatic disconnection, the release of exhaust gases, etc. 自动断开器；排气阀

cut-out box n. US [美]  = FUSE BOX 

cut-price adj. (also 亦作 cut-rate)  selling or sold at a reduced price 降价销售的，削价出售的

cutpurse /ˈkʌtpɜ:s/ n. archaic  a pickpocket; a thief [古义]扒手；小偷

cutter /ˈkʌtə/ n.  1  a person or thing that cuts 切割者；切刀，砍刀 2  a tailor etc. who takes measurements and cuts cloth 裁缝(丈量尺寸、裁剪布料的人) 3 Naut. 【海】  a  a small fast sailing ship 小型快艇b  a small boat carried by a large ship (大轮船携载的)小船 4 Cricket  a ball turning sharply on pitching 【板球】旋转球 5 N. Amer.  a light horse-drawn sleigh [北美]轻便马拉雪橇

cut-throat n. & adj. ●n.  1  a murderer 凶手，杀人犯；杀手 2 (in full 全称 cut-throat razor) Brit.  a razor having a long blade set in a handle and usu. folding like a penknife [英]直柄剃刀，开式剃刀 3  a species of trout, Salmo clarki, with a red mark under the jaw 克氏鲑鱼(一种鲑属动物，颚下有一红色斑点) ●adj.  1 (of competition) ruthless and intense (竞争)残酷无情的，激烈的 2 (of a card game) three-handed (牌戏)由三个人玩的

cutting /ˈkʌtiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit.  a piece cut from a newspaper etc. [英] (报纸等的)剪辑，剪报 2  a piece cut from a plant for propagation (用于栽种的)插枝，插条 3  an excavated channel through high ground for a railway or road (供铁路或公路穿过高地的)路堑 ●adj.  in senses of CUT v. 5 用于 CUT 动词释义 5 □ cuttingly  adv.  

cutting edge n. & adj. ●n.  1  an edge that cuts 刀刃 2  the forefront of a movement etc. (运动等的)最前线 3  the most significant factor 最重要因素 ●attrib. adj. (作 cutting-edge)  pioneering, innovative 开拓的，先锋的，革新的

cuttle /ˈkʌt(ə)l/ n.  = CUTTLEFISH  [Old English cudele, Middle English codel, related to cod ‘bag’, with reference to its ink-bag]

cuttle-bone n.  the internal shell of the cuttlefish crushed and used for polishing teeth etc. or as a supplement to the diet of a cage bird 乌贼骨，墨鱼骨(用于洁齿等或用作玩赏鸟类的食物添加剂)

cuttlefish /ˈkʌt(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any marine cephalopod mollusc of the genera Sepia and Sepiola, having ten arms and ejecting a black fluid when threatened or pursued 乌贼，墨鱼(海洋头足纲软体动物门乌贼属和耳乌贼属动物，有 10 只腕足，在受到威胁或追赶时会喷出黑色液体掩护自己)

cutty /ˈkʌti/ adj. & n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] ●adj.  cut short; abnormally short 截短的；过分短的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a short tobacco pipe 短柄烟斗

cutty-stool n. hist.  a stool provided for an offender to be publicly rebuked during a church service [史义] (教堂中不贞妇女当众受罚的)忏悔凳

cutwater /ˈkʌtwɔ:tə/ n.  1  the forward edge of a ship's prow (轮船)艏柱分水处 2  a wedge-shaped projection from the pier of a bridge (桥墩)分水角

cutworm /ˈkʌtwɜ:m/ n.  any of various caterpillars that eat through the stems of young plants level with the ground 切根虫，地蚕，地老虎(吃作物幼苗贴近地面的茎的毛虫)

cuvette /kju:ˈvet/ n.  1  a shallow vessel for liquid 陶盆，瓷盆 2  a straight-sided transparent container for holding a liquid sample in a spectrophotometer etc. (分光光度计等装液体样品用的)透明小容器，试管 [French, diminutive of cuve ‘cask’, from Latin cupa]

cuvée /kju:ˈvei/ n.  a blend or batch of wine 混合酒；一批酿造的酒 [French, = vatful, from cuve ‘cask’, from Latin cupa]

CV abbr.  curriculum vitae [缩略]简历，履历

CVO abbr. Brit.  Commander of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] [英] (第二等)皇家高级维多利亚勋爵士

CVS abbr.  chorionic villus sample, a test on a pregnant woman to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus [缩略]绒膜纤毛试样(一种为孕妇做胎儿染色体检查的试剂)

C. & W. abbr. [缩略]  country and western 

Cwlth. abbr. [缩略]  Commonwealth 

cwm /kʊm/ n.  1 (in Wales 用于威尔士)  = COOMB  2 Geog.  a cirque 【地理】冰斗 [Welsh]

c.w.o. abbr.  cash with order [缩略]定货付款

cwt. abbr. [缩略]  hundredweight 

-cy /si/ suffix (see also 亦见 -ACY, -ANCY, -CRACY, -ENCY, -MANCY)  1  denoting state or condition (bankruptcy 破产 ; idiocy 白痴) 表示“状态”，“情况” 2  denoting rank or status (captaincy 船长职位) 表示“社会等级”，“职位” [from or suggested by Latin -cia, -tia, Greek -k(e)ia, -t(e)ia]

cyan /ˈsaiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a greenish-blue colour (介于绿色和蓝色之间的)青色 ●adj.  of this colour 青色的 [Greek kuan(e)os ‘dark blue’]

cyanamide /saiˈænəmaid/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a weakly acidic colourless crystalline amide of cyanogen Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH2N2 氨腈 2  any salt of this, esp. a calcium salt used as a fertilizer 氨腈盐(尤指用作化肥的氰氨化钙) [CYANOGEN + AMIDE]

cyanic acid /saiˈænik/ n.  a highly unstable acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HOCN 氰酸 [CYANOGEN]

cyanide /ˈsaiənaid/ n.  any of the highly poisonous salts or esters of hydrocyanic acid, esp. the potassium salt used in the extraction of gold and silver 氰化物(指剧毒的氢氰酸盐或氢氰酸酯，尤指用于提取黄金和白银的钾盐) [CYANOGEN + -IDE]

cyanobacterium /ˌsaiənəʊbækˈtiəriəm/ n.  any prokaryotic organism of the division Cyanobacteria, found in many environments and capable of photosynthesizing Also called 亦称作 blue-green alga 蓝菌部原核生物组织(在多种环境下生存，具有光合作用的能力)；蓝绿藻 [CYANOGEN + BACTERIUM]

cyanocobalamin /ˌsaiənəʊkəˈbæləmin/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in foods of animal origin such as liver, fish, and eggs, a deficiency of which can cause pernicious anaemia Also called 亦称作 vitamin B12 氰钴酸，维生素 B12(维生素 B 复合体中的一种维生素，来自动物类食物，如肝、鱼、鸡蛋等，体内缺乏该维生素时会造成恶性贫血) [CYANOGEN + cobalamin from COBALT + VITAMIN]

cyanogen /saiˈænədʒ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a colourless highly poisonous gas intermediate in the preparation of many fertilizers Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2N2 【化】氰(许多化肥生产过程中使用的一种无色剧毒气体中间物) [French cyanogène from Greek kuanos ‘dark blue mineral’, as being a constituent of Prussian blue]

cyanogenic /saiənəˈdʒenik/ adj.  capable of providing cyanide 可产生氰化物的

cyanosis /saiəˈnəʊsis/ n. Med.  a bluish discoloration of the skin due to the presence of oxygen-deficient blood 【医】(血液缺氧造成的皮肤)发绀，青紫 □ cyanotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kuanōsis ‘blueness’ (as CYANOGEN)]

cyber- /ˈsaibə/ prefix  forming words relating to electronic communication networks and virtual reality 表示“与电子通信网络有关的”，“与虚拟现实有关的” [back-formation from CYBERNETICS]

cybernation /saibəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  control by machines 自动控制，电脑控制 □ cybernate  /ˈsai-/ v. tr.   [CYBERNETICS + -ATION]

cybernetics /saibəˈnetiks/ n.  the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things 控制论(研究机器和生物体中信息传递系统与自动化控制系统的科学) □ cybernetic  adj.  □ cybernetician  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ cyberneticist  /-sist/ n.   [Greek kubernētēs ‘steersman’]

cyberpunk /ˈsaibəpʌŋk/ n.  a style of science fiction featuring urban counter-culture in a world of high technology and virtual reality (一种以高技术和虚拟现实世界中城市反正统文化为特色的)科幻小说文体 [CYBER- + PUNK]

cyberspace /ˈsaibəspeis/ n.  the notional environment in which electronic communication occurs; virtual reality 计算机空间；虚拟现实 [CYBER- + SPACE n.]

cyborg /ˈsaibɔ:ɡ/ n.  a person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by machine technology (as yet undeveloped) 电子人；半机械人(靠机械技术身体能力得到扩大的人，尚未开发) [CYBER- + ORGANISM]

cycad /ˈsaikæd/ n.  a palmlike plant of the order Cycadales (including fossil forms) inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions and often growing to a great height (包括化石形态的)铁树目裸子植物(一种类似于棕榈树的高大植物，生长在热带和亚热带地区) [modern Latin cycas, cycad- from supposed Greek kukas, scribal error for koikas, pl. of koix ‘Egyptian palm’]

Cycladic /siˈklædik, sai-/ adj.  of the Cyclades, a group of islands east of the Greek mainland, esp. of the Bronze Age civilization that flourished there 基克拉泽斯群岛的；(尤指青铜时代)基克拉泽斯文化的 [Latin Cyclades, from Greek Kuklades, from kuklos ‘circle’ (of islands)]

cyclamate /ˈsikləmeit, ˈsaik-/ n.  any of various compounds related to sulphamic acid and formerly used as artificial sweetening agents 环己氨磺酸盐，环己基氨基磺酸盐(以前曾用作人工增甜剂) [contraction of chemical name cyclohexylsulphamate]

cyclamen /ˈsikləmən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or cyclamens)  1  any plant of the genus Cyclamen, originating in Europe, having pink, red, or white flowers with reflexed petals, often grown in pots 仙客来属植物(原产于欧洲，花为粉红、红或白色，花瓣反折，常盆栽) 2  the shade of colour of the red or pink cyclamen flower 仙客来(粉)红色 ●adj.  of this colour 仙客来(粉)红色的 [medieval Latin from Greek kuklaminos, perhaps from kuklos ‘circle’, with reference to its bulbous roots]

cycle /ˈsaik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a recurrent round or period (of events, phenomena, etc.) (事件、现象等)周而复始；循环b  the time needed for one such round or period 循环时间，周期 2  a Physics  etc. a recurrent series of operations or states 【物理学】(运行或状态的)循环b Electr. 【电】  = HERTZ  3  a series of songs, poems, etc., usu. on a single theme (通常表现同一主题的)组歌；组诗；系列故事 4  a bicycle, tricycle, or similar machine 自行车；三轮车(或类似的机械) ●v. intr.  1  ride a bicycle etc. 骑自行车三轮车等 2  move in cycles 循环，作循环运动 [Middle English from Old French, or Late Latin cyclus from Greek kuklos ‘circle’]

cycle track n. (also 亦作 cycleway) Brit.  a path or road for bicycles [英]自行车道

cyclic /ˈsaiklik/ adj.  1  a  recurring in cycles 循环的，往复运动的b  belonging to a chronological cycle 周期性的；按时间顺序的 2 Chem.  with constituent atoms forming a ring 【化】环的，环状的 3  of a cycle of songs etc. 组歌的；组诗的 4 Bot. (of a flower) with its parts arranged in whorls 【植】(指花序)轮列的 5 Math.  of a circle or cycle 【数】环的，圆的 [French cyclique or in cyclicus from Greek kuklikos (as CYCLE)]

cyclical /ˈsaiklik(ə)l/ adj.  = CYCLIC 1  □ cyclically  adv.  

cyclist /ˈsaiklist/ n.  a rider of a cycle, esp. of a bicycle 骑车的人(尤指骑自行车的人)

cyclo- /ˈsaikləʊ/ comb. form  circle, cycle, or cyclic (cyclometer 圆弧测定器，自行车里程计 ; cyclorama (作为舞台背景的)半圆形天幕) [构词成分]表示“圆”，“循环”，“循环的” [Greek kuklos circle]

cycloalkane /saikləʊˈælkein/ n. Chem.  a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon 【化】环烷(一种饱和循环式碳氢化合物)

cyclo-cross /ˈsaikləʊkrɒs/ n.  cross-country racing on bicycles 自行车越野赛

cyclograph /ˈsaikləɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for tracing circular arcs 圆弧规

cyclohexane /saikləʊˈheksein/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid cycloalkane used as a solvent and paint remover Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H12 【化】环己烷(一种无色液态环烷，用作溶剂或油漆清洗剂)

cycloid /ˈsaiklɔid/ n. Math.  a curve traced by a point on a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line 【数】旋轮线，圆滚线，摆线 □ cycloidal  /-ˈklɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek kukloeidēs (as CYCLE, -OID)]

cyclometer /saiˈklɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring circular arcs 圆弧测定器 2  an instrument for measuring the distance traversed by a bicycle etc. (自行车等的)里程计

cyclone /ˈsaikləʊn/ n.  1  a system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure; a depression 气旋，旋风；低气压 2 (in full 全称 tropical cyclone)  a violent wind system of this kind, formed in localized areas over tropical oceans, with winds of hurricane force 热带旋风 □ cyclonic  /-ˈklɒnik/ adj.  □ cyclonically  /-ˈklɒnik(ə)li/ adv.   [probably from Greek kuklōma ‘wheel, coil of a snake’]

cycloparaffin /saikləʊˈpærəfin/ n. Chem. 【化】  = CYCLOALKANE 

Cyclopean /saikləˈpi:ən, -ˈkləʊpiən/ adj. (also 亦作 Cyclopian)  1 (of ancient masonry) made with massive irregular blocks (古代砖石建筑)用不规则巨石修筑的 2  of or resembling a Cyclops 独眼巨人的，独眼巨人似的

cyclopedia /saiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diə/ n. (also 亦作 cyclopaedia)  an encyclopedia 百科全书；(某学科的)大全，全书 □ cyclopedic  adj.  广博的，包罗万象的；百科全书的 [shortening of ENCYCLOPEDIA]

cyclopropane /saiklə(ʊ)ˈprəʊpein/ n. Chem.  a colourless gaseous cycloalkane used as a general anaesthetic Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H6 【化】环丙烷(一种无色气态环烷，用作麻醉剂)

Cyclops /ˈsaiklɒps/ n.  1 (pl. Cyclops or Cyclopses or Cyclopes /saiˈkləʊpi:z/) (in Greek mythology) a member of a race of one-eyed giants 库克罗普斯(希腊神话中的独眼巨人) 2 (作 cyclops) (pl. cyclops or cyclopes) Zool.  a crustacean of the genus Cyclops, with a single central eye 【动】剑水蚤(一种单眼的挠足亚纲甲壳动物) [Latin from Greek Kuklōps, from kuklos ‘circle’ + ōps ‘eye’]

cyclorama /saikləˈrɑ:mə/ n.  a circular panorama, curved wall, or cloth at the rear of a stage, esp. one used to represent the sky (尤指用于代表天幕的)环形全景图，圆形连续画景；(舞台上的)半圆形透视背景 □ cycloramic  /-ˈræmik/ adj.  

cyclosporin /saiklə(ʊ)ˈspɔ:rin/ n. Med.  a peptide drug used to prevent the rejection of grafts and transplants 【医】(用于防止嫁接和移植排异反应的)缩氨酸药物 [CYCLO- + -sporum part of the name of a fungus which produces it + -IN]

cyclostome /ˈsaikləstəʊm/ n.  an eel-like jawless vertebrate of the subclass Cyclostomata, having a large sucking mouth, e.g. a lamprey 圆口鱼(圆口亚纲脊椎动物，样子像鳗鱼，无颚，如七鳃鳗) □ cyclostomate  /-ˈklɒstəmət/ adj.   [CYCLO- + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

cyclostyle /ˈsaikləstail/ n. & v. ●n.  an apparatus for printing copies of writing from a stencil 油印机 ●v. tr.  print or reproduce with this 油印

cyclothymia /saiklə(ʊ)ˈθaimiə/ n. Psychol.  a disorder characterized by the occurrence of marked swings of mood from cheerfulness to misery 【心】(兴奋与压抑交替的)循环性情感精神病 □ cyclothymic  adj.   [CYCLO- + Greek thumos ‘temper’]

cyclotron /ˈsaiklətrɒn/ n. Physics  an apparatus in which charged atomic and subatomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field while following an outward spiral or circular path in a magnetic field 【物理学】(带电原子与亚原子粒子的)回旋加速器 [CYCLO- + -TRON]

cyder Brit. var.  of CIDER [英] CIDER 的变体

cygnet /ˈsiɡnit/ n.  a young swan 幼天鹅 [Middle English from Anglo-French cignet, diminutive of Old French cigne ‘swan’, via medieval Latin cycnus from Greek kuknos]

cylinder /ˈsilində/ n.  1  a  a uniform solid or hollow body with straight sides and a circular section 圆柱，圆柱体b  a thing of this shape, e.g. a container for liquefied gas 圆柱状物，圆筒容器，量筒(如液化气钢瓶) 2  a cylinder-shaped part of various machines, esp. a piston-chamber in an engine 机器的圆筒形组件(尤指发动机汽缸) 3 Printing  a metal roller 【印刷】滚筒 □ cylindrical  /-ˈlindrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cylindrically  /-ˈlindrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin cylindrus from Greek kulindros, from kulindō ‘roll’]

cylinder saw n.  = CROWN SAW 

cylinder seal n. Antiq.  a small barrel-shaped object of stone or baked clay bearing a cuneiform inscription, esp. for use as a seal [古]圆筒印章(有楔形刻印文字的圆筒状石块或瓦块，尤用作印章)

cyma /ˈsaimə/ n.  1 Archit.  an ogee moulding of a cornice 【建】(飞檐檐口的)波纹线脚，反曲线饰 2  = CYME  [modern Latin from Greek kuma ‘wave, wavy moulding’]

cymbal /ˈsimb(ə)l/ n.  a musical instrument consisting of a concave brass or bronze plate, struck with another or with a stick etc. to make a ringing sound 钹(一种打击乐器) □ cymbalist  n.   [Middle English via Latin cymbalum from Greek kumbalon, from kumbē ‘cup’]

cymbidium /simˈbidiəm/ n.  any tropical orchid of the genus Cymbidium, with a recess in the flower-lip 兰，兰花(热带兰属植物) [modern Latin from Greek kumbē ‘cup’]

cymbiform /ˈsimbifɔ:m/ adj. Anat. & Bot.  boat-shaped 【解】【植】舟状的，船形的 [Latin cymba from Greek kumbē ‘boat’ + -FORM]

cyme /saim/ n. Bot.  an inflorescence in which the primary axis bears a single terminal flower that develops first, the system being continued by the axes of secondary and higher orders each with a flower (cf. 参见 RACEME) 【植】聚伞花序 □ cymose  adj.   [French, variant of cime ‘summit’, ultimately from Greek kuma ‘wave’]

Cymric /ˈkimrik/ adj.  Welsh 威尔士的；威尔士人的；威尔士语的 [Welsh Cymru ‘Wales’]

cynic /ˈsinik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who has little faith in human sincerity and integrity 愤世嫉俗者，玩世不恭者 2 (作 Cynic)  one of a school of ancient Greek philosophers founded by Antisthenes, marked by ostentatious contempt for ease and pleasure 犬儒学派的成员，犬儒学派的信徒(犬儒学派由古希腊哲学家安提西尼创立，以鄙视安逸和欢乐为其主要特征) ●adj.  1 (作 Cynic)  of the Cynics 犬儒学派的 2  = CYNICAL  □ cynicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin cynicus from Greek kunikos, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’, nickname for a Cynic]

cynical /ˈsinik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of a cynic; incredulous of human sincerity or integrity 愤世嫉俗的，玩世不恭的；不相信人间有善意真诚的 2  disregarding accepted or appropriate standards 无所顾忌的  a cynical attempt to secure votes  无所顾忌地拉选票 3  sneering, mocking 冷嘲热讽的 □ cynically  adv.  

cynocephalus /sainə(ʊ)ˈsef(ə)ləs, sin-/ n.  1  a fabled dog-headed man (寓言中的)狗头人 2  a flying lemur (会飞行的)狐猴 [Greek kunokephalos, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’ + kephalē ‘head’]

cynosure /ˈsinəzjʊə, ˈsain-, -sjʊə/ n.  1  a centre of attraction or admiration 引人注意的中心；令人羡慕的对象 2  a guiding star 北极星，小熊星座 [French cynosure or Latin cynosura from Greek kunosoura ‘dog's tail, Ursa Minor’, from kuōn kunos ‘dog’ + oura ‘tail’]

Cynthia /ˈsinθiə/   辛西娅 [人名]

cypher var.  of CIPHER  CIPHER 的变体

cy pres /si: prei/ adv. & adj. Law  as near as possible to the testator's or donor's intentions when these cannot be precisely followed 【法律】力求近似于(立遗嘱者或捐赠者本意)的(地) [Anglo-French, = si près ‘so near’]

cypress /ˈsaiprəs/ n.  1 (also 亦作 cypress tree)  any evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus or Chamaecyparis, having flattened shoots with scalelike leaves, esp. Cupressus sempervirens, with hard wood and dark foliage 柏树(柏属或扁柏属常绿植物，叶深绿色，扁平呈鳞状，木质坚硬) 2  this tree, or branches from it, as a symbol of mourning (象征哀悼的)柏树；柏枝 [Middle English via Old French cipres and Late Latin cypressus from Greek kuparissos]

Cyprian /ˈsipriən/ n. & adj.  = CYPRIOT  [Latin Cyprius ‘of Cyprus’]

cyprinoid /ˈsiprinɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or like a carp 鲤鱼的，似鲤鱼的 ●n.  a carp or related fish 鲤鱼，鲤科鱼 [Latin cyprinus from Greek kuprinos ‘carp’]

Cypriot /ˈsipriət/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Cypriote /-əʊt/) ●n.  a native or national of Cyprus 塞浦路斯人，塞浦路斯国民 ●adj.  of Cyprus 塞浦路斯的 [Greek Kupriōtes from Kupros ‘Cyprus’, an island in the E. Mediterranean]

cypripedium /sipriˈpi:diəm/ n.  any orchid of the genus Cypripedium, esp. the lady's slipper 杓兰属植物(尤指欧洲杓兰) [modern Latin, from Greek Kupris ‘Aphrodite’ + pedilon ‘slipper’]

Cyprus   塞浦路斯

cypsela /ˈsipsilə/ n. (pl. cypselae /-ˌli:/) Bot.  a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, characteristic of the daisy family Compositae 【植】连萼瘦果(尤见于菊科植物的种子) [modern Latin from Greek kupselē ‘hollow vessel’]

Cyril /ˈsiril/   西里尔 [人名]

Cyrillic /siˈrilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  denoting the alphabet used by the Slavonic peoples of the Orthodox Church; now used esp. for Russian and Bulgarian 西里尔字母的(指正教的斯拉夫各民族使用的字母；现尤指俄语和保加利亚语字母) ●n.  this alphabet 西里尔字母 [named after St Cyril (d. 869), its reputed inventor]

cyst /sist/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  a  a sac or cavity of abnormal character containing fluid 囊肿，脓包b  a structure containing a larval parasite (寄生虫幼虫生存的)包囊 2 Biol. 【生】  a  a hollow organ, bladder, etc., in an animal or plant, containing a liquid secretion 囊(如胆囊、膀胱等)b  a cell or cavity enclosing reproductive bodies, an embryo, etc. 孢囊(容纳动植物繁殖细胞的囊或腔)；胎盘 [Late Latin cystis from Greek kustis ‘bladder’]

cysteine /ˈsistii:n, -tiin, -tein, -ti:n/ n. Biochem.  a sulphur-containing amino acid, essential in the human diet and a constituent of many enzymes 【生化】半胱氨酸(人类食物中必不可少的一种含硫氨基酸，为多种酶的构成成分) [CYSTINE + -eine (variant of -INE4)]

cystic /ˈsistik/ adj.  1  of the urinary bladder 膀胱的 2  of the gall bladder 胆囊的 3  of the nature of a cyst 囊的，孢囊的，囊状的 [French cystique or modern Latin cysticus (as CYST)]

cystic fibrosis n.  a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine glands and usu. resulting in respiratory infections 囊性纤维变性，囊肿性纤维化(一种遗传性外分泌腺疾病，会导致呼吸道感染)

cystine /ˈsisti:n, -tin/ n. Biochem.  an organic base which is a naturally occurring dimer of cysteine 【生化】胱氨酸，双硫丙氨酸(一种有机碱基，是自然存在的半胱氨酸二聚物) [Greek kustis ‘bladder’ (because first found in urinary calculi) + -INE4]

cystitis /siˈstaitis/ n.  an inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by infection, and usu. accompanied by frequent painful urination 膀胱炎(通常伴有疼痛性尿频)

cysto- /ˈsistəʊ/ comb. form  the urinary bladder (cystoscope 膀胱镜 ; cystotomy 膀胱切开术) [构词成分]膀胱 [Greek kustē, kustis ‘bladder’]

cystoscope /ˈsistəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument inserted in the urethra for examining the urinary bladder 膀胱镜 □ cystoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ cystoscopy  /siˈstɒskəpi/ n.  膀胱镜检查

cystotomy /siˈstɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical incision into the urinary bladder 膀胱切开术

-cyte /sait/ comb. form Biol.  a mature cell (leucocyte 白细胞，白血球) (cf. 参见 -BLAST) [构词成分]【生】成熟细胞 [Greek kutos ‘vessel’]

cytidine /ˈsaitidi:n/ n.  a nucleoside obtained from RNA by hydrolysis 胞苷，嘧啶核苷(一种用水解方法从核糖核酸中制取的核苷) [German Cytidin (as -CYTE)]

cyto- /ˈsaitəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  cells or a cell [构词成分]【生】细胞 [as -CYTE]

cytochrome /ˈsaitə(ʊ)krəʊm/ n. Biochem.  a compound consisting of a protein linked to a haem, which is involved in electron transfer reactions 【生化】细胞色素

cytogenetics /ˌsaitəʊdʒəˈnetiks/ n.  the study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of cells 细胞遗传学 □ cytogenetic  adj.  □ cytogenetical  adj.  □ cytogenetically  adv.  □ cytogeneticist  /-sist/ n.  

cytology /saiˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of cells 细胞学 □ cytological  /saitəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ cytologically  /saitəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ cytologist  n.  

cytomegalovirus /saitəʊˈmeɡ(ə)lə(ʊ)ˌvairəs/ n. Med.  a kind of herpes virus which may cause nerve damage in babies or people with weakened immune systems (abbr. 缩略 : CMV) 【医】细胞巨化病毒(一种疱疹病毒，会给婴儿或免疫力差的人带来神经损伤)

cytoplasm /ˈsaitə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  the protoplasmic content of a cell excluding its nucleus 细胞质，细胞浆 □ cytoplasmic  /-ˈplæzmik/ adj.  

cytosine /ˈsaitəsi:n/ n. Biochem.  a pyrimidine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA and RNA 【生化】胞(核)嘧啶(存在于所有生物组织中的嘧啶衍生物，是构成脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸的碱基)

cytoskeleton /ˈsaitəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n. Biol.  a network of protein filaments and tubules giving shape and coherence to a living cell 【生】细胞骨架

cytotoxic /saitə(ʊ)ˈtɒksik/ adj.  toxic to cells 细胞毒素的；毒害细胞的

czar var.  of TSAR  TSAR 的变体

czardas var.  of CSARDAS  CSARDAS 的变体

Czech /tʃek/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the Czech Republic, Bohemia, or (hist.) Czechoslovakia 捷克人，波希米亚人；[史义]捷克斯洛伐克人 2  the West Slavonic language of the Czech people (cf. 参见 SLOVAK) 捷克语(指捷克人使用的西部斯拉夫语言) ●adj.  of or relating to the Czechs or their language 捷克人的；捷克语的 [Polish spelling of Bohemian Čech]

Czechoslovak /tʃekə(ʊ)ˈsləʊvæk/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Czechoslovakian /-sləˈvækiən/) ●n.  a native or national of Czechoslovakia, a former state in central Europe including Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia 捷克斯洛伐克人；捷克斯洛伐克国民(捷克与斯洛伐克现已成为两个国家——译者注) ●adj.  of or relating to Czechoslovaks or the former state of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克人的；捷克斯洛伐克的 [CZECH + SLOVAK]

Czech Republic   捷克共和国

Côte d'Ivoire   科特迪瓦

'd abbr. colloq. (usu. after pronouns) had, would (I'd; he'd) [缩略] [口] (通常用在代词后)用于代替 had 或 would

D1 /di:/ n. (also 亦作 d) (pl. Ds or D's)  1  a  the fourth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 4 个字母b  a thing shaped like this D 形物 2 Mus.  the second note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 2 个音， D 音 3 (as a Roman numeral) 500 (作为罗马数字的)500 4  the fourth highest class or category (of academic marks etc.) (学业成绩等的)丁，第四等(或类)

D2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 D.)  1 US  Democrat [美]民主党党员 2  dimension 维  3-D  三维

D3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the isotope deuterium 【化】同位素氘 2  electric flux density 电通量密度 3  dextrorotatory 右旋的

d1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 d.)  1  died  2  departs  3  delete  4  daughter  5  diameter  6  depth 

d2 symb. [符]  1  deci-  2 Brit. (pre-decimal) penny [英] (改用十进位货币前的) (旧)便士 [sense 2 from Latin denarius ‘silver coin’]

D/A abbr. Computing  digital to analogue [缩略]【计算】数(字)- 模(拟)

DA abbr. [缩略]  1 US [美]  district attorney  2 slang [俚语]  = DUCK'S ARSE 

da abbr. [缩略]  deca- 

dab1 /dæb/ v. & n. ●v. (dabbed, dabbing)  1 tr.  press (a surface) briefly with a cloth, sponge, etc., without rubbing, esp. in cleaning or to apply a substance (尤指在清洁物体时用布、海绵等物短促而不揉擦地)轻按，轻触(表面) 2 tr.  press (a sponge etc.) lightly on a surface (用海绵等)轻按，轻揉 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  apply (a substance) by dabbing a surface 用(某物)轻敷，轻涂 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  aim a feeble blow; tap 轻击，轻拍 5 tr.  strike lightly; tap 轻打，轻拍 ●n.  1  a brief application of a cloth, sponge, etc., to a surface without rubbing (用布、海绵等)轻按，轻触 2  a small amount of something applied in this way 少量，一点点  a dab of paint  少量油漆 3  a light blow or tap 轻击，轻拍 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  fingerprints [英] [俚语]指纹印 □ dabber  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

dab2 /dæb/ n.  a small flatfish of the genus Limanda 黄盖鲽(黄盖鲽属鱼类) [Middle English: origin unknown]

dabble /ˈdæb(ə)l/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at)  take a casual or superficial interest or part (in a subject or activity) (对某问题或活动)浅尝 2 intr.  move the feet, hands, etc. about in (usu. a small amount of) liquid (通常在浅水中)用手(或足等)嬉水 3 tr.  wet partly or intermittently; moisten, stain, splash (使部分或间断地)湿润；染污；溅洒 □ dabbler  n.   [16th c.: from Dutch dabbelen or DAB1]

dabbling duck /ˈdæbliŋ/ n.  a duck that habitually feeds in shallow usu. Fresh water by dabbling at or near the surface, esp. one of the tribe Anatini, including mallard, teal, etc. 钻水鸭(尤指通常在浅水觅食并在水面嬉水的鸭族，包括绿头鸭和水鸭等)

dabchick /ˈdæbtʃik/ n.  = LITTLE GREBE  [16th c., in earlier forms dap-, dop-: perhaps related to the Old English source of DIP]

dab hand n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  a person especially skilled (in) 精通…的人，内行，熟手  a dab hand at cooking  烹调能手 [dab (adj.) 17th c.: origin unknown]

da capo /dɑ: ˈkɑ:pəʊ/ adv. Mus. (a direction at the end of a piece of music to repeat) from the beginning 【音】从头，从头重复乐曲 [Italian]

dace /deis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any of several small freshwater fishes related to the carp, esp. Leuciscus leuciscus 小代斯鱼(多种鲤科的小型淡水鱼，尤指雅罗鱼) [Old French dars: see DART]

dacha /ˈdætʃə/ n.  a country house or cottage in Russia (俄罗斯)乡村邸宅(或别墅) [Russian, originally = grant (of land)]

dachshund /ˈdækshʊnd, -s(ə)nd/ n.  1  a dog of a short-legged long-bodied breed 猎獾狗(一种腿短体长的狗) 2  this breed 猎獾狗种 [German, = badger-dog]

dacite /ˈdeisait/ n. Geol.  a volcanic rock similar to andesite 【地质】英安岩(一种类似安山岩的火山岩) [from Dacia, a Roman province in central Europe + -ITE1]

dacoit /dəˈkɔit/ n. (in India or Myanmar) a member of a band of armed robbers (印度或缅甸的)武装土匪，强盗 [Hindi dakait from dɑˉkɑˉ ‘gang-robbery’]

dactyl /ˈdæktil/ n.  a metrical foot (- ˇˇ) consisting of one long (or stressed) syllable followed by two short (or unstressed) 扬抑抑格，长短短格(英诗中的一种韵律，一个长(或重)音后跟两个短(或轻)音) [Middle English via Latin dactylus from Greek daktulos ‘finger’, the three bones corresponding to the three syllables]

dactylic /dækˈtilik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or using dactyls (用)扬抑抑格的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  dactylic verse 扬抑抑格诗句 [Latin dactylicus from Greek daktulikos (as DACTYL)]

dactylic hexameter n.  a hexameter having five dactyls and a spondee or trochee, any of the first four feet, and sometimes the fifth, being replaceable by a spondee 扬抑抑格六韵步诗行(行中有 5 个扬抑抑格和一个扬扬格或扬抑格)

dad /dæd/ n. colloq.  father [口]爹爹，爸爸 [perhaps imitative of a child's da, da (cf. DADDY)]

Dada /ˈdɑ:dɑ:/ n.  an early 20th-c. international movement in art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic and social conventions (20 世纪初期在美术、文学、音乐和电影领域出现的一种否定并嘲弄艺术和社会传统的)达达派，达达主义 □ Dadaism  /-dəiz(ə)m/ n.  □ Dadaist  /-dəist/ n. & adj.  □ Dadaistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [French (the title of an early 20th-c. review) from dada ‘hobby horse’]

daddy /ˈdædi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  father 父亲 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the oldest or a supreme example 最早的事例；典范  had a daddy of a headache  有头疼毛病 [DAD + -Y3]

daddy-long-legs n.  1 Brit.  a crane-fly [英]大蚊 2 US  a harvestman [美]长脚爷叔(收割蛛的俗称)

dado /ˈdeidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the lower part of the wall of a room when visually distinct from the upper part 墙裙，护壁板 2  the plinth of a column 柱基 3  the cube of a pedestal between the base and the cornice 墩身 [Italian, = DIE2]

daemon var.  of DEMON  5 DEMON 5 的变体

daemonic var.  of DEMONIC  DEMONIC 的变体

daff /dæf/ n. colloq. [口]  = DAFFODIL 1  [abbreviation]

daffodil /ˈdæfədil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a bulbous plant, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, with a yellow trumpet-shaped corona 黄水仙b  any of various other large-flowered plants of the genus Narcissus 任何其他种大花鳞茎水仙 2 (in full 全称 daffodil yellow)  a pale yellow colour 浅黄色 ●adj. (in full 全称 daffodil yellow; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  pale yellow 浅黄色的 [earlier affodill, as ASPHODEL]

daffy /ˈdæfi/ adj. (daffier, daffiest) colloq. [口]  = DAFT  □ daffily  adv.  □ daffiness  n.   [daff ‘simpleton’ + -Y2]

daft /dɑ:ft/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  silly, foolish, crazy 愚蠢的，傻的；疯狂的 2 (foll. by 后跟 about)  fond of; infatuated with 喜欢的；对…着迷的 [Old English gedœfte ‘mild, meek’, from Germanic]

dag /dæɡ/ n. & v. Austral. & NZ [澳新] ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a lock of wool clotted with dung on the hinder parts of a sheep 粪污块毛(绵羊臀部处粘着屎的一团毛) 2 slang  an eccentric or noteworthy person; a character [俚语]古怪(或显赫)之人；杰出人物  he's a bit of a dag  他有点名人的派头 ●v. tr. (dagged, dagging)  remove dags from (a sheep) 去掉(绵羊身上的)粪污块毛 □ rattle one's dags  slang  hurry up [俚语]赶快□ dagger  n.   [originally English dialect]

dagga /ˈdæɡə/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  hemp used as a narcotic (用作麻醉品的)大麻 2  any plant of the genus Leonotis used similarly (作类似用途的任何一种)大麻类植物 [Afrikaans from Nama dachab]

dagger /ˈdæɡə/ n.  1  a short stabbing weapon with a pointed and edged blade (有锋利刀尖和刀刃的)短剑，匕首 2 Printing 【印刷】  = OBELUS  □ at daggers drawn   in bitter enmity 剑拔弩张；势不两立□ look daggers at   glare angrily or venomously at 对…怒目而视 [Middle English, perhaps from obsolete dag ‘pierce’, influenced by Old French dague ‘long dagger’]

daggerboard /ˈdæɡəbɔ:d/ n. Naut.  a sliding centreboard 【海】(船的)活动披水板，中插板

daggy /ˈdæɡi/ adj. (daggier, daggiest) Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  dowdy, scruffy 邋遢的；褴褛的 2  unfashionable 不时髦的 [DAG n. + -Y1]

dago /ˈdeiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) slang offens.  a foreigner, esp. a Spaniard, Portuguese, or Italian [俚语] [冒犯]外国佬(尤指西班牙、葡萄牙或意大利人) [Spanish Diego = James]

daguerreotype /dəˈɡerə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1  a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapour 采用达盖尔银版(或照相)法所拍的照片 2  this process 达盖尔银版法 [named after L. Daguerre, French inventor d. 1851]

dah /dɑ:/ n. (in the Morse system 在莫尔斯电码中)  = DASH(cf. 参见 DIT)  [imitative]

dahlia /ˈdeiliə/ n.  any garden plant of the genus Dahlia (daisy family), of Mexican origin, cultivated for its many-coloured single or double flowers 大丽花，大丽菊(菊科大理花属的庭园植物，原产墨西哥，花色繁多，单瓣或双瓣花) [named after A. Dahl, Swedish botanist d. 1789]

daily /ˈdeili/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  done, produced, or occurring every day or every weekday 每日的；每周日的 2  constant, regular 经常的，规则的 ●adv.  1  every day; from day to day 每天地；一天天地 2  constantly 经常地 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a daily newspaper 日报 2 Brit.  a charwoman or domestic help working daily [英] (每日来做家务而不寄宿的)计日女佣(或帮工) [Middle English from DAY + -LY1, -LY2]

daily bread n.  necessary food; a livelihood 必需食物；(日常)生计

daily dozen n. colloq.  regular exercises, esp. on rising [口]健身操(尤指起床后)

daimon /ˈdaiməʊn/ n.  = DEMON 5a  □ daimonic  /-ˈməʊnik, -ˈmɒnik/ adj.   [Greek, = deity]

dainty /ˈdeinti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (daintier, daintiest)  1  delicately pretty 纤细可爱的 2  delicate of build or in movement 体态优美的，动作优雅的 3 (of food) choice (食物)美味的 4  fastidious; having delicate taste and sensibility 挑剔的；讲究的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a choice morsel; a delicacy 少量精选的食物，珍馐 □ daintily  adv.  □ daintiness  n.   [Anglo-French dainté, Old French daintié, deintié from Latin dignitas -tatis, from dignus ‘worthy’]

daiquiri /ˈdaikiri, ˈdæk-/ n. (pl. daiquiris)  a cocktail of rum, lime juice, etc. 代基里酒(由朗姆酒和酸橙汁等混合而成的鸡尾酒) [Daiquiri, a rum-producing district in Cuba]

dairy /ˈdɛəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a building or room for the storage, processing, and distribution of milk and its products 乳品场，乳品间 2  a shop where milk and milk products are sold 牛奶(及乳品)店 3 (作 attrib.)  a  of, containing, or concerning milk and its products (and sometimes eggs) (含)牛奶的；牛奶制的；乳制品(有时也包括蛋制品)的b  used for dairy products 用作乳制品的  dairy cow  奶牛 [Middle English deierie from deie ‘maidservant’, from Old English dœˉge ‘kneader of dough’]

dairying /ˈdɛəriiŋ/ n.  the business of producing, storing, and distributing milk and its products (生产、储藏、分发牛奶及奶产品的)乳制品业

dairymaid /ˈdɛərimeid/ n.  a woman employed in a dairy 挤奶女工；乳牛场女工

dairyman /ˈdɛərimən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man dealing in dairy products 牛奶(乳品)商人 2  a man employed in a dairy 奶场男工

dais /ˈdeiis, deis/ n.  a low platform, usu. at the upper end of a hall and used to support a table, lectern, etc. 讲台(通常在大厅前一端并在其上放置桌子、诵经台等) [Middle English via Old French deis from Latin discus ‘disc, dish’, in medieval Latin = table]

Daisy /ˈdeizi/   戴西 [人名]

daisy /ˈdeizi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a small plant, Bellis perennis (family Compositae), bearing flowers each with a yellow disc and white rays 雏菊(菊科雏菊属植物，开黄色盘状花，边花为白色)b  any other plant of this family with daisy-like flowers 类似雏菊的菊科植物  ox-eye daisy  春白菊 Michaelmas daisy  米迦勒节紫菀 Shasta daisy  大滨菊 2 slang  a first-rate specimen of anything [俚语]上等货 □ pushing up the daisies  slang  dead and buried [俚语]葬在地下 [Old English dœges ēage ‘day's eye’, the flower opening in the morning]

daisy chain n.  a string of daisies threaded together 雏菊花环

daisy-cutter n. Cricket  a ball bowled so as to roll along the ground 【板球】擦地球

daisy wheel n.  a disc of spokes extending radially from a central hub, each terminating in a printing character, used as a printer in word processors and typewriters (文字处理机或打字机上的)菊瓣字轮

Dak. abbr.  Dakota [缩略] (美国)达科他州；达科他人(语)；达科他人(语)的

Dakar /ˈdækə/ n.  达喀尔 [塞内加尔首都]

dal var.  of DHAL  DHAL 的变体

dalasi /dɑ:ˈlɑ:si:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or dalasis)  the chief monetary unit of the Gambia 达拉西(冈比亚主要货币单位) [name of an earlier local coin]

Dale /deil/   戴尔 [人名]

dale /deil/ n.  a valley, esp. in northern England (尤指英格兰北部的)谷，峪 [Old English dœl, from Germanic]

dalesman /ˈdeilzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an inhabitant of the dales in northern England (英格兰北部)山谷居民，谷地山民

Dallas /ˈdæləs/ n.  达拉斯 [美国城市]

dalliance /ˈdæliəns/ n.  1  a leisurely or frivolous passing of time 闲混；放荡度日 2  an instance of light-hearted flirting; a casual love affair 调情；调戏 [DALLY + -ANCE]

dally /ˈdæli/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  delay; waste time, esp. frivolously 延误；浪费(光阴) (尤指终日嬉戏) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  play about; flirt, treat frivolously 游手好闲；调情；戏弄  dallied with her affections  戏弄她的情感 □ dally away   waste or fritter (one's time, life, etc.) 蹉跎岁月，浪费(或消耗) (时间、生命等) [Middle English from Old French dalier ‘chat’]

Dalmatian /dælˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a dog of a large white short-haired breed with dark spots 达尔马提亚犬(一种大型狗，白色短毛上有斑点) 2  this breed 达尔马提亚犬种 [Dalmatia, a region in Croatia]

dalmatic /dælˈmætik/ n.  a wide-sleeved long loose vestment open at the sides, worn by deacons and bishops, and by a monarch at his or her coronation (助祭和主教所穿的两胁有开叉的)宽松法衣；(国王或女王加冕时所穿的)加冕服 [Middle English from Old French dalmatique or Late Latin dalmatica (vestis) ‘(robe) of Dalmatia’]

dal segno /dæl ˈseinjəʊ/ adv. Mus. (a direction in a piece of music to repeat) from the point marked by a sign 【音】 ‹F023› ；乐章中的反复记号(从记号处开始重复一遍) [Italian, = from the sign]

dalton /ˈdɔ:lt(ə)n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ATOMIC MASS UNIT  [named after J. Dalton (see DALTONISM)]

daltonism /ˈdɔ:lt(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  colour-blindness, esp. a congenital inability to distinguish between red and green 色盲(尤指先天性红绿色盲) [French daltonisme from the name of J. Dalton, English chemist (d. 1844) who suffered from it]

dam1 /dæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir or preventing flooding 堤，坝(用以蓄水提升水面，形成水库或用以防洪) 2  a barrier constructed in a stream by a beaver (海狸在河中建造的)堤堰 3  anything functioning as a dam does 坝状物 4 Brit.  a causeway [英]堤道 ●v. tr. (dammed, damming)  1  provide or confine with a dam 在…中筑堤(或坝)；筑坝拦(水) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  block up; hold back; obstruct 阻止，堵住；阻碍 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch]

dam2 /dæm/ n.  the female parent of an animal, esp. a mammal 母兽(尤指哺乳动物) [Middle English: variant of DAME]

damage /ˈdæmidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  harm or injury impairing the value or usefulness of something, or the health or normal function of a person 伤害；损害(影响某物的价值或用途，影响某人的健康或正常功能) 2 (in pl. 用复数) Law  a sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for a loss or an injury 【法律】损害赔偿；损害赔偿金 3  the loss of what is desirable (要求赔偿的)损失 4 (prec. by 前接 the) slang  cost [俚语]代价；费用  what's the damage?  要花多少钱？ ●v. tr.  1  inflict damage on 损坏，损害 2 (esp. as 尤作 damaging adj.)  detract from the reputation of 毁坏名誉  a most damaging admission  最毁誉的供认 □ damagingly  adv.  很，非常地 [Middle English via Old French damage (n.), damagier (v.), from dam(me) ‘loss’, from Latin damnum ‘loss, damage’]

damascene /ˈdæməsi:n, dæməˈsi:n/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr.  decorate (metal, esp. iron or steel) by etching or inlaying esp. with gold or silver, or with a watered pattern produced in welding (尤在钢或铁的表面上) (用金银)镶嵌；(用焊接方法)以波状花纹装饰 ●n.  a design or article produced in this way 镶嵌工艺；镶嵌金银的物品；波状花纹制品 ●adj.  of, relating to, or produced by this process (有关)镶嵌金银的；使现波状纹的；用镶嵌工艺生产的 [Damascene ‘of Damascus’, via Latin Damascenus from Greek Damaskēnos]

Damascus /dəˈmɑ:skəs/ n.  大马士革 [叙利亚首都]

damask /ˈdæməsk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a figured woven fabric (esp. silk or linen) with a pattern visible on both sides (尤指用丝绸或亚麻织成的)锦缎，花缎b  twilled table linen with woven designs shown by the reflection of light (光照下可见到织有图案的)斜纹亚麻桌布 2  a tablecloth made of this material 织花桌布 3 hist.  steel with a watered pattern produced in welding [史义]大马士革钢(表面有水状纹的钢) ●adj.  1  made of or resembling damask 由锦缎制成的；类似锦缎的 2  coloured like a damask rose, velvety pink or vivid red 蔷薇色；淡红色 ●v. tr.  1  weave with figured designs 在…织花纹 2  = DAMASCENEv.  3  ornament 装饰 [Middle English, ultimately from Latin Damascus]

damask rose n.  an old sweet-scented variety of rose, with very soft velvety petals, used to make attar 大马士革蔷薇

dame /deim/ n.  1 (作 Dame)  a (in the UK) the title given to a woman with the rank of Knight Commander or holder of the Grand Cross in the Orders of Chivalry (英国)夫人(对得到第二级爵士或骑士大十字勋章的妇女的尊称)b  a woman holding this title 女爵士 2 Brit.  a comic middle-aged female character in modern pantomime, usu. played by a man [英] (在现代哑剧中，通常由男演员扮演的)中年滑稽妇女 3 archaic  a mature woman [古义]成年妇女 4 N. Amer. slang  a woman [北美] [俚语]女人 [Middle English via Old French from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

dame school n. hist.  a primary school of a kind kept by elderly women [史义] (老年妇女开办的)家庭小学校

damfool /ˈdæmfu:l/ adj. colloq.  foolish, stupid [口]愚蠢的，愚笨的 [DAMN + FOOL1]

dammar /ˈdæmə/ n.  1  an E. Asian or Australasian tree, esp. of the genus Agathis or Shorea, yielding a resin used in varnish-making 贝壳杉属树木；娑罗双树属树木(其树脂用以制清漆) 2  this resin 达马树脂 [Malay damar]

dammit /ˈdæmit/ int.  damn it 该死的

damn /dæm/ v., n., adj. & adv. ●v. tr.  1 (often absol. [常含宾] or as 作 int. of anger or annoyance 愤怒；厌烦 = may God damn 该死的)  curse (a person or thing) (咒骂人或事)他妈的 2  doom to hell; cause the damnation of 罚…入地狱，不得好死 3  condemn, censure 咒骂；谴责  a review damning the performance  一篇把表演批得一无是处的述评 4  a (often as 常作 damning adj.) (of a circumstance, piece of evidence, etc.) show or prove to be guilty; bring condemnation upon (情况、证据等)表明(或证明)有罪(的；) 招来谴责(的)  evidence against them was damning  对他们的证词遭到了谴责b  be the ruin of 破灭(的) ●n.  1  an uttered curse 咒骂 2 colloq.  a negligible amount [口]微不足道  not worth a damn  毫无价值 ●adj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = DAMNED  □ damn all  Brit. colloq.  nothing at all [英口]完全没有□ damn well  colloq. (as an emphatic) simply [口]无疑地，肯定地(作为强调)  damn well do as I say  就要按我说的去做□ damn with faint praise   commend so unenthusiastically as to imply disapproval 用冷淡的赞许表示反对□ I'm (or I'll be) damned if  colloq.  I certainly do not, will not, etc. [口]我决不(不会等)□ not give a damn   see 见 GIVE □ well I'm (or I'll be) damned  colloq.  exclamation of surprise, dismay, etc. [口] (惊奇、失望等的感叹)我太惊奇了□ damningly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French damner from Latin damnare ‘inflict loss on’, from damnum ‘loss’]

damnable /ˈdæmnəb(ə)l/ adj.  hateful, annoying 可恨的；讨厌的 □ damnably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as DAMN)]

damnation /dæmˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. & int. ●n.  condemnation to eternal punishment, esp. in hell 万劫不复的刑罚(尤指下地狱) ●int.  expressing anger or annoyance 该死 [Middle English from Old French (as DAMN)]

damnatory /ˈdæmnət(ə)ri/ adj.  conveying or causing censure or damnation 该诅咒的，该指责的 [Latin damnatorius (as DAMN)]

damned /dæmd/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口] ●adj.  damnable, infernal, unwelcome 该诅咒的，该死的，讨厌的 ●adv.  extremely 极；非常地  damned hot  热死了 damned lovely  可爱极了 □ damned well  (as an emphatic) simply (作为强调)无疑地，肯定地  you've damned well got to  你肯定到了□ do one's damnedest   do one's utmost 拼命干，尽全力

damnify /ˈdæmnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) Law  cause injury to 【法律】损害，加害 □ damnification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French damnifier etc. from Late Latin damnificare ‘injure’ (as DAMN)]

damp /dæmp/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  slightly wet; moist 微湿的；潮湿的 ●n.  1  diffused moisture in the air, on a surface, or in a solid, esp. as a cause of inconvenience or danger 湿气，潮气(尤指造成不便或危险的原因) 2  dejection; discouragement 消沉，沮丧 3  = FIREDAMP  ●v. tr.  1  make damp; moisten 弄湿，使潮湿 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  take the force or vigour out of 给…泼冷水，使沮丧  damp one's enthusiasm  挫伤某人的热情b  make flaccid or spiritless 使意志消沉(或精神不振)c  make (a fire) burn less strongly by reducing the flow of air to it (以减小空气流通)封(火), 减低火力 3  reduce or stop the vibration of (esp. the strings of a musical instrument) 制止(尤指琴弦)音响 4  quieten 平静 □ damp off  (of a plant) die from a fungus attack in damp conditions (植物因霉病而)枯萎□ dampish  adj.  □ damply  adv.  □ dampness  n.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, = vapour etc., Old High German dampf ‘steam’, from West Germanic]

damp course n.  a layer of waterproof material in the wall of a building near the ground, to prevent rising damp (在靠近地表的墙壁上的)防潮层

dampen /ˈdæmp(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become damp 使潮湿；变潮湿 2 tr.  make less forceful or vigorous; stifle, choke 抑制；使消沉；使闷住，使窒息 □ dampener  n.  

damper /ˈdæmpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that discourages, or tempers enthusiasm 使人扫兴的人(或事) 2  a device that reduces shock or noise 减震器；减音器 3  a metal plate in a flue to control the draught, and so the rate of combustion (火炉等的)挡板；调节风门(置于烟道中的金属板用以控制气流，从而控制燃烧的速度) 4 Mus.  a pad silencing a piano string except when removed by means of a pedal or by the note's being struck 【音】(钢琴的)制音器，减音器 5 esp. Austral. & NZ  an unleavened loaf or cake of flour and water baked in wood ashes [尤澳新] (在篝火上烤的不发面)硬面包 □ put a damper on   take the vigour or enjoyment out of 抑制，使…扫兴

damp-proof adj. & v. ●adj.  impervious to damp 防潮的；防湿的 ●v. tr.  make damp-proof 使防潮，使防湿

damp-proof course n.  = DAMP COURSE 

damp squib n. Brit.  an unsuccessful attempt to impress etc. [英]无成效的事； (影响、效果等)失败，落空

damsel /ˈdæmz(ə)l/ n. archaic or literary  a young unmarried woman [古义] [文学用语]少女；闺女 [Middle English from Old French dam(e)isele, ultimately from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

damselfish /ˈdæmz(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a small brightly coloured tropical marine fish of the family Pomacentridae, esp. Chromis chromis, found in or near coral reefs 雀鲷(尤指光鳃鱼，一种色彩斑斓的雀鲷科热带海鱼，生活在珊瑚礁或附近水域)

damselfly /ˈdæmz(ə)lflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  an insect of the order Odonata, like a slender dragonfly but with its wings folded over the body when resting 豆娘(蜻蜓目昆虫，休息时翅膀垂直于背上)

damson /ˈdæmz(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a small dark purple plumlike fruit 布拉斯李子b (also 亦作 damson tree)  the small deciduous tree, Prunus institia, bearing this 布拉斯李树(小型落叶树) 2  a dark purple colour 暗紫色 ●adj.  damson-coloured 暗紫色的 [Middle English damacene, -scene, -sene from Latin damascenum (prunum) ‘(plum) of Damascus’: see DAMASCENE]

damson cheese n.  a solid preserve of damsons and sugar 结晶蜜李(一种蜜饯)

Dan /dæn/   丹 [人名]

Dan. abbr.  Daniel (Old Testament) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《但以理书》

dan1 /dæn/ n.  1  any of ten degrees of advanced proficiency in judo or karate 段(柔道或空手道中的等级) 2  a person who has achieved any of these 享有段位的人 [Japanese]

dan2 /dæn/ n. (in full 全称 dan buoy)  a small buoy used as a marker in deep-sea fishing, or to mark the limits of an area cleared by minesweepers (深水捕鱼做标记的)小浮筒； (标志已被扫雷艇清除过之水域的)浮标 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dance /dɑ:ns/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move about rhythmically alone or with a partner or in a set, usu. in fixed steps or sequences to music, for pleasure or as entertainment 跳舞(单人、双人或一组人按规定步子，和着音乐有节奏地跳动的娱乐活动) 2 intr.  move in a lively way; skip or jump about 跳跃；雀跃 3 tr.  a  perform (a specified dance or form of dancing) 跳某一特定的舞或舞蹈形体b  perform (a specified role) in a ballet etc. (在芭蕾舞等中)跳(某个特定角色) 4 intr.  move up and down (on water, in the field of vision, etc.) (在水面上或视觉等上)摇荡，晃动 5 tr.  move (esp. a child) up and down; dandle (尤对小孩)摇动；哄逗；舞弄 ●n.  1  a  a piece of dancing; a sequence of steps in dancing 一段舞；一组舞步b  a special form of this 舞蹈形体 2  a single round or turn of a dance 一圈舞；一轮舞 3  a social gathering for dancing, a ball 舞会 4  a piece of music for dancing to or in a dance rhythm 舞乐，舞曲 5  a dancing or lively motion 跳动，活泼的动作 □ dance attendance on   follow or wait on (a person) obsequiously 随伺左右，讨好取悦(某人)□ dance to a person's tune   accede obsequiously to a person's demands and wishes 跟着某人亦步亦趋；惟某人马首是瞻□ lead a person a dance (or merry dance)  Brit.  cause a person much trouble in following a course one has instigated [英]使人落得狼狈不堪□ danceable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French dance, danse (n.), dancer, danser (v.), from Romanic, of unknown origin]

dance band n.  a band that plays music for dancing to 舞会乐队

dance floor n.  a usu. uncarpeted area of floor reserved for dancing (通常为未铺地毯的)跳舞场地

dance hall n.  a public hall for dancing 舞厅

dance of death n.  a medieval allegorical representation in which a personified Death leads all to the grave 死亡舞蹈，骷髅舞(一种中世纪的讽喻式表演，死神引导人们走向坟墓)

dancer /ˈdɑ:nsə/ n.  1  a person who performs a dance 舞者 2  a person whose profession is dancing 舞蹈家

dancing dervish  see 见 WHIRLING DERVISH 

dancing girl n.  a female professional dancer, esp. a member of a group (尤指某团体的职业)舞女；舞蹈女演员

d. and c. n.  dilatation (of the cervix) and curettage (of the uterus), performed after a miscarriage or for the removal of cysts, tumours, etc. (用于流产或切除囊胞、肿瘤等的) (子宫颈)扩张和(子宫)搔刮

dandelion /ˈdændilaiən/ n.  a plant of the genus Taraxacum (daisy family), esp. the common T. officinale, with jagged leaves and a large bright yellow flower on a hollow stalk, followed by a globular head of seeds with downy tufts (菊科)蒲公英属植物(尤指普通药用蒲公英) [French dent-de-lion, translation of medieval Latin dens leonis ‘lion's tooth’ (from the shape of the leaves)]

dandelion clock n.  the downy seed-head of a dandelion 蒲公英的绒毛种子冠头

dandelion coffee n.  dried and powdered dandelion roots; a drink made from this 蒲公英咖啡(用晒干磨成粉状的蒲公英根制成的饮料)

dander /ˈdændə/ n. colloq.  temper, anger, indignation [口]怒气，愤怒，愤慨 □ get one's dander up   lose one's temper; become angry 生气；发怒 , [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dandify /ˈdændifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 dandified adj.)  cause to resemble a dandy in stylish appearance 使像花花公子；使浮华

dandle /ˈdænd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  dance (a child) on one's knees or in one's arms (在膝上或用胳膊抱着)舞弄逗乐(小孩) 2  pamper, pet 纵容；溺爱 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dandruff /ˈdændrʌf/ n.  dead skin in small scales among the hair 头皮屑 [16th c.: -ruff perhaps related to Middle English rove ‘scurfiness’, from Old Norse hrufa or Middle Low German, Middle Dutch rōve]

dandy /ˈdændi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a man unduly devoted to style, smartness, and fashion in dress and appearance 花花公子；服装时髦的人 2 colloq.  an excellent thing [口]极好的东西，上品 ●adj. (dandier, dandiest) esp. N. Amer. colloq.  very good of its kind; splendid, first-rate [尤北美口]极好的，极令人满意的，第一流的 □ dandyish  adj.  □ dandyism  n.   [18th c.: perhaps an abbreviation of Jack-a-dandy: dandy may be a pet form of Andrew]

dandy brush n.  a brush for grooming a horse (刷马用的)长毛马刷

dandy roll n. (also 亦作 dandy roller)  a device for solidifying, and impressing a watermark in, paper during manufacture (造纸业中作水印的)水印辊

Dane /dein/ n.  1  a native or national of Denmark 丹麦人；丹麦国民 2 hist.  a Viking invader of England in the 9th － 11th c. [史义] (9 至 11 世纪入侵英格兰的)古代斯堪的纳维亚人 [Middle English from Old Norse Danir (pl.), Late Latin Dani]

Danegeld /ˈdeinɡeld/ n. hist. [史义]  1 (in pre-Conquest England) an annual tax to raise funds for protection against Danish invaders 丹麦金，抗丹税(英格兰在被征服前为抵御丹麦人入侵而征收的年度税) 2  appeasement by bribery 通过行贿带来的缓和 [Old English (as DANE + Old Norse gjald ‘payment’)]

Danelaw /ˈdeinlɔ:/ n. hist.  the part of N. & E. England occupied or administered by Danes in the 9th － 11th c. [史义]丹麦区 (9 至 11 世纪由丹麦人占领或管理的英格兰东北部地区) [Old English Dena lagu ‘Danes' law’]

danger /ˈdein(d)ʒə/ n.  1  liability or exposure to harm; an unwelcome possibility 危险；风险 2  a thing that causes or is likely to cause harm 危险物；危险起因 3 Brit.  the status of a railway signal directing a halt or caution [英] (铁路信号的)危险示意 □ in danger of   likely to incur or to suffer from 有…危险的 [earlier in the sense ‘jurisdiction, power’: Middle English from Old French dangier, ultimately from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

danger list n. Brit.  a list of those dangerously ill, esp. in a hospital [英] (尤指医院里的)病危病人名单

danger man n.  a man perceived as posing a particular threat, esp. an outstanding sportsman 危险人物(尤指一位优秀的运动员)

danger money n. Brit.  extra payment for dangerous work [英]危险工作津贴

dangerous /ˈdein(d)ʒ(ə)rəs/ adj.  involving or causing danger 危险的，陷入(或导致)危险的 □ dangerously  adv.  □ dangerousness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French dangerous, daungerous, Old French dangereus (as DANGER)]

dangle /ˈdæŋɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 intr.  be loosely suspended, so as to be able to sway to and fro 悬荡；悬垂 2 tr.  hold or carry loosely suspended 悬挂；悬荡地拿着 3 tr.  hold out (a hope, temptation, etc.) enticingly (用希望、诱惑等)引诱；吊胃口 4 intr. Gram. 【语法】 (as 作 dangling adj.) (of a participle in an absolute clause or phrase) with the subject omitted, e.g. of having in having said that, the problem can be solved 悬垂的(作为分词用在独立从句或短语中，省去主语，如“曾说过，问题可以解决”中的 having) □ dangler  n.  □ dangly  adj.   [16th c. (imitative): cf. Swedish dangla, Danish dangle]

Daniel /ˈdæniəl/   丹尼尔 [人名]

Daniell cell /ˈdænj(ə)l/ n. Physics & Chem.  a primary voltaic cell with a copper anode and a zinc-amalgam cathode giving a standard electromotive force when either copper sulphate or sulphuric acid is used as the electrolyte 【物理学】【化】丹聂尔电池(一种初级电池) [named after John Daniell, British chemist (d. 1845), its inventor]

Danish /ˈdeiniʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Denmark or the Danes (有关)丹麦的；(有关)丹麦人的 ●n.  1  the Danish language 丹麦语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the Danish people 丹麦人 3 colloq. [口]  = DANISH PASTRY  [Middle English via Anglo-French danes, Old French daneis from medieval Latin Danensis (as DANE)]

Danish blue n.  a soft salty white cheese with blue veins 丹麦青纹干酪

Danish pastry n.  a cake of sweetened yeast pastry topped with icing, fruit, nuts, etc. 丹麦酥饼(一种面上覆盖糖衣、水果、干果等做的甜糕饼)

dank /dæŋk/ adj.  disagreeably damp and cold 阴湿寒冷的 □ dankly  adv.  □ dankness  n.   [Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Swedish dank ‘marshy spot’]

Danny /ˈdæni/   丹尼 [人名]

danse macabre /dɑ:ns məˈkɑ:br(ə), 法 dɑ˜s makabr/ n.  = DANCE OF DEATH  [French (as DANCE, MACABRE)]

danseur /dɑ:nˈsɜ:/ n. (fem. danseuse /-ˈsɜ:z/)  a ballet dancer 芭蕾舞男演员 [French, = dancer]

Dantean /ˈdæntiən, dænˈti:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Dante 但丁的 2  in the style of or reminiscent of Dante's writings 但丁风格的；但丁式的 ●n.  a student or imitator of Dante 但丁研究者；模仿但丁的人 □ Dantesque  /-ˈtesk/ adj.   [Dante Alighieri, Italian poet d. 1321]

danthonia /dænˈθəʊniə/ n. Austral. & NZ  any tufted pasture grass of the genus Danthonia [澳新]扁芒草属植物 [modern Latin: named after E. Danthoine 19th-c. French botanist]

Danube /ˈdænju:b/ n.  多瑙河 [欧洲]

dap /dæp/ v. (dapped, dapping)  1 intr.  fish by letting the bait bob on the water 将饵食轻洒在水面钓鱼 2 tr. & intr.  dip lightly 轻点 3 tr. & intr.  bounce on the ground 弹跳 [cf. DAB1]

Daphne /ˈdæfni/   达夫妮 [人名]

daphne /ˈdæfni/ n.  any flowering shrub of the genus Daphne, e.g. the spurge laurel or mezereon 瑞香属开花灌木(如桂叶芫花、欧亚瑞香) [Middle English, = laurel, from Greek daphnē, Daphnē, the name of a nymph in Greek mythology who escaped Apollo's advances by being changed into a laurel]

daphnia /ˈdæfniə/ n.  a minute freshwater crustacean of the genus Daphnia, enclosed in a transparent carapace and with long antennae and prominent eyes. Also called 亦称作 water flea 水蚤(一种生长在淡水中体形小的甲壳类溞属生物，壳透明、长须、眼突出) [modern Latin from Daphne: see DAPHNE]

dapper /ˈdæpə/ adj.  1  neat and precise, esp. in dress or movement 尤指衣着、步态整洁的，衣冠楚楚的；潇洒的 2  sprightly 轻快的 □ dapperly  adv.  □ dapperness  n.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dapper ‘strong, stout’]

dapple /ˈdæp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  mark with spots or rounded patches of colour or shade 使起斑纹，使起斑点 2 intr.  become marked in this way 起斑纹 ●n.  1  a dappled effect 斑纹 2  a dappled animal, esp. a horse 有斑纹的动物(尤指马) [Middle English dappled, dappeld, (adj.), of unknown origin]

dapple grey adj. & n. ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) (of an animal's coat) grey or white with darker spots (动物皮毛)有灰(或深色)花斑的 ●n.  a dapple-grey horse 花斑马

dapsone /ˈdæpsəʊn/ n. Pharm.  a bacteriostatic sulphur compound used esp. to treat leprosy 【药】氨苯砜，二氨二苯砜(尤用以治疗麻风病) [chemical name dI (para-aminophenyl) sulphone]

darbies /ˈdɑ:biz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  handcuffs [英] [俚语]手铐 [allusive use of Father Darby's bands, some rigid form of agreement for debtors (16th c.)]

Darby and Joan /ˌdɑ:bi(ə)n ˈdʒəʊn/ n. esp. Brit.  a devoted old married couple [尤英]白头偕老的恩爱夫妻 [18th c.: perhaps from a poem of 1735 in the Gentleman's Magazine]

Darby and Joan club n. Brit.  a club for people over 60 [英]老人俱乐部 (60 岁以上)

dare /dɛə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (3rd sing. Present usu.dare before an expressed or implied infinitive without to 在表示或暗示不带 to 的不定式前第三人称单数现在时通常作 dare; past dared or archaic [古义] or dial. [方] durst /dɜ:st/)  1 (foll. By 后跟 infin. With or without to)  venture (to); have the courage or impudence 敢；竟敢，敢于尝试  dare he do it?  他敢做吗？ If they dare to come  如果他们敢来 how dare you?  你敢如此无礼？ I dare not speak  我不敢说 I do not dare to jump  我不敢跳 2 (usu. Foll. By 通常后跟 to + infin.)  defy or challenge (a person) 敢于面对；公然违抗，向(某人)挑战  I dare you to own up  我谅你也不敢痛痛快快地承认 3 literary  attempt; take the risk of [文学用语]试图；冒…的风险  dare all things  都试一试 dared their anger  敢激怒他们 ●n.  1  an act of daring 大胆行为 2  a challenge, esp. to prove courage (尤指证明勇气的)挑战 □ I dare say   1 (often foll. By 常后跟 that + clause)  it is probable 我想；我看 2  probably; I grant that much 可能；我的确这样认为  I dare say, but you are still wrong  当然，你仍然是错的□ darer  n.   [Old English durran, with Germanic cognates: cf. Sanskrit dhṛsh, Greek tharseō ‘be bold’]

daredevil /ˈdɛədev(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a recklessly daring person 铤而走险的人 ●adj.  recklessly daring 蛮勇的 □ daredevilry  n.  

Dar el Beida /ˈdɑ:relbaiˈdɑ:/ n.  达尔贝达(即 Casablanca 卡萨布兰卡) [摩洛哥港市]

Dar es Salaam /ˈdɑ:rˌessəˈlɑ:m/ n.  达累斯萨拉姆 [坦桑尼亚首都]

darg /dɑ:ɡ/ n. Sc., N. Engl. & Austral. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] [澳]  1  a day's work 一天的工作 2  a definite amount of work; a task 一定量的工作；任务 [Middle English from daywerk or daywark ‘daywork’]

daring /ˈdɛəriŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  adventurous courage 大胆，勇敢 ●adj.  adventurous, bold; prepared to take risks 冒险的；大胆的，勇敢的；敢冒风险的 □ daringly  adv.  

dariole /ˈdæriəʊl/ n.  a savoury or sweet dish cooked and served in a small mould usu. shaped like a flowerpot (形似花盆的)罐子菜；罐子点心 [Middle English from Old French]

Darjeeling /dɑ:ˈdʒi:liŋ/ n.  a high-quality tea from Darjeeling in NE India 大吉岭茶(印度东北部大吉岭产的优质茶)

dark /dɑ:k/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  with little or no light 暗的；阴暗的，黑暗的 2  of a deep or sombre colour (颜色)深的；暗的 3 (of a person) with deep brown or black hair, complexion, or skin (人)有深棕色(或黑色)头发(面容或皮肤)的 4  gloomy, depressing, dismal 阴郁的，压抑的；悲观的  dark thoughts  悲观的思想 5  evil, sinister 邪恶的；阴险的  dark deeds  恶行 6  sullen, angry 愠怒的；愤怒的  a dark mood  愠怒的情绪 7  remote, secret, mysterious, little known 遥远的；秘密的；神秘的，蒙昧的；不知的  the dark and distant past  神秘遥远的过去 keep it dark  保守秘密 8  ignorant, unenlightened 无知的；愚昧的  dark ages  愚昧黑暗时代 ●n.  1  absence of light 黑暗 2  nightfall 黄昏  don't go out after dark  天黑以后别外出 3  a lack of knowledge 无知，愚昧 4  a dark area or colour, esp. in painting (尤指绘画里的)暗部，暗色  the skilled use of lights and darks  熟练地采用亮部和暗部 □ in the dark   1  with little or no light 在暗处 2  lacking information 不知情□ darkish  adj.  □ darkly  adv.  □ darkness  n.  □ darksome  adj. poet.   [Old English deorc, probably from Germanic]

Dark Ages n. pl. (also 亦作 Dark Age) (prec. By 前接 the)  1  the period of European history preceding the Middle Ages, esp. the 5th － 10th c. 黑暗时代(欧洲中世纪的早期，尤指 5 至 10 世纪) 2 (often 常作 dark ages)  any period of supposed unenlightenment 任何愚昧黑暗时期

Dark Continent n. (prec. by 前接 the)  a name for Africa, esp. when little known to Europeans 黑暗大陆(尤指欧洲人在对非洲知之甚少时对非洲的旧称)

darken /ˈdɑ:k(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  make dark or darker 使变暗，使变黑 2 intr.  become dark or darker 变暗，变黑 □ never darken a person's door   keep away permanently 永不登某人的门□ darkener  n.  

dark glasses n. pl.  spectacles with dark-tinted lenses; sunglasses 墨镜，太阳镜

dark horse n.  a little-known person who unexpectedly becomes successful or prominent 黑马(指预料不到的劲敌)

darkie /ˈdɑ:ki/ n. (also 亦作 darky) (pl. -ies) slang offens. [俚语] [冒犯]  a black person 黑人

darkling /ˈdɑ:kliŋ/ adj. & adv. poet.  in the dark; in the night [诗]在(黑)暗中；在晚上

dark matter n. Astron.  hypothetical non-luminous material in space, not detected, but predicted by many cosmological theories 【天】暗物质，黑体(按多种宇宙学理论预言存在于宇宙中的一种(但尚未发现的)不发光物质)

darkroom /ˈdɑ:kru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room for photographic work, with normal light excluded (冲洗底片的)暗室

dark star n.  a starlike object which emits little or no visibile light but is known to exist from other evidence (e.g. by its eclipsing of other stars) 暗星

darky var.  of DARKIE  DARKIE 的变体

darling /ˈdɑ:liŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a beloved or lovable person or thing 心爱的(亲爱的)人(或事) 2  a favourite 中意的东西 3 colloq.  a pretty or endearing person or thing [口]令人钟爱的人(或事) ●adj.  1  beloved, lovable 心爱的，可爱的 2  favourite 中意的 3 colloq.  charming or pretty [口]迷人的，漂亮的 [Old English dēorling (as DEAR, -LING1)]

darn1 /dɑ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  mend (esp. knitted material, or a hole in it) by interweaving yarn across the hole with a needle 织补(织物或其上的破洞) 2  embroider with a large running stitch (用平伏针迹)刺绣 ●n.  a darned area in material 织补(或缝补)处 [17th c.: perhaps from obsolete dern ‘hide’]

darn2 /dɑ:n/ v. tr., int., adj. & adv. (US also [美亦] durn /dɜ:n/) colloq. [口]  = DAMN(in imprecatory senses 用于诅咒释义)  [corruption of DAMN]

darned /dɑ:nd/ adj. & adv. (US dial. also [美方亦] durned /dɜ:nd/) colloq. [口]  = DAMNED 

darnel /ˈdɑ:n(ə)l/ n.  any of several grasses of the genus Lolium, esp. L. temulentum, a weed of cereal crops esp. in Mediterranean countries 黑麦草属草(尤指生长在地中海一带国家里的毒麦) [Middle English: cf. Walloon darnelle]

darner /ˈdɑ:nə/ n.  a person or thing that darns, esp. a darning needle 缝补人(或物) (尤指缝补针)

darning /ˈdɑ:niŋ/ n.  1  the action of a person who darns 织补 2  things to be darned 需织补的织物

darning needle n.  a long needle with a large eye, used in darning 织补针(一种有大针眼的长针)

Darrell /ˈdærəl/   达雷尔 [人名]

Darren /ˈdærən/   达伦 [人名]

dart /dɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small pointed missile thrown or fired as a weapon 飞镖(作为一种武器) 2  a  a small pointed missile with a feather or plastic flight, used in the game of darts (掷镖游戏中的)镖b (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  an indoor game in which such darts are thrown at a circular target to score points 掷镖游戏 3  a sudden rapid movement 急驰，飞奔 4 Zool.  a dartlike structure, such as an insect's sting or the calcareous projections of a snail (used during copulation) 【动】(昆虫的)螫针，(交尾用的)刺；射器 5  a tapering tuck stitched in a garment (缝纫的)缝褶，捏褶 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, in, past, etc.)  move or go suddenly or rapidly 急冲，突进  darted into the shop  冲进商店 2 tr.  throw (a missile) 投掷(投射物) 3 tr.  direct suddenly (a glance etc.) 飞快投出(一瞥等) [Middle English via Old French darz, dars from Frankish]

dartboard /ˈdɑ:tbɔ:d/ n.  a circular board marked with numbered segments, used as a target in darts (掷镖游戏中的)圆靶

darter /ˈdɑ:tə/ n.  1  a fish-eating diving bird of the genus Anhinga, with a long thin neck 蛇鹈(蛇鹈属潜水鸟，有细长的脖子) 2  any of various small quick-moving freshwater fish of the family Percidae, native to N. America 镖鲈(北美鲈科淡水鱼)

Dartmoor pony /ˈdɑ:tmʊə, -mɔ:/ n.  1  a pony of a small hardy breed with a long shaggy coat in winter 达特穆尔(小型)马 2  this breed 达特穆尔(小型)马种 [Dartmoor in SW England, where the breed originated]

Darwinian /dɑ:ˈwiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Darwin's theory of the evolution of species by the action of natural selection (cf. 参见 NEO-DARWINIAN) 达尔文的； (有关)达尔文主义的 ●n.  an adherent of this theory 达尔文主义的信奉者 □ Darwinism  /ˈdɑ:-/ n.  □ Darwinist  /ˈdɑ:-/ n. & adj.   [from C. Darwin, English naturalist d. 1882]

dash /dæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  rush hastily or forcefully 以全速快跑，猛冲  dashed up the stairs  冲上楼梯 2 tr.  strike or fling with great force, esp. so as to shatter (尤指使其成碎片)砸碎；掷碎  dashed it to the ground  将它狠狠地碎在地上 the cup was dashed from my hand  杯子失手打碎了 3 tr.  frustrate, daunt, dispirit (使)挫折，使沮丧，使气馁  dashed their hopes  使他们的希望落空 4 tr. Brit. colloq. [英口] (dash it or dash it all)  = DAMNv. 1  ●n.  1  a rush or onset; a sudden advance 突进；突击；冲锋  made a dash for shelter  冲向掩蔽处 2  a horizontal stroke in writing or printing to mark a pause or break in sense or to represent omitted letters or words 破折号(书写或印刷中表示停顿或意思不完整，或表示省略了字词) 3  impetuous vigour or the capacity for this 猛烈的气势；闯劲；勇猛力 4  showy appearance or behaviour; stylishness 浮华的外表(或举止；) 风头 5 N. Amer.  a sprinting race [北美]短跑 6  the longer signal of the two used in Morse code (cf. 参见 DOT1 n. 3) (莫尔斯电码符号的)长划 7  a slight admixture, esp. of a liquid (尤指液体)少量(搀和物) 8  = DASHBOARD  □ cut a dash   make a brilliant show 做出精彩表演，大出风头□ dash down (or off)   write or finish hurriedly 匆匆完成(书写或画) [Middle English, probably imitative]

dashboard /ˈdæʃbɔ:d/ n.  1  the surface below the windscreen of a motor vehicle or aircraft, containing instruments and controls (汽车或飞机的)仪表板 2 hist.  a board of wood or leather in front of a carriage, to keep out mud [史义] (马车等的)挡泥板

dashiki /ˈdɑ:ʃiki/ n.  a loose brightly coloured shirt worn by American blacks (美国黑人穿的)颜色花哨的短袖套衫 [West African, probably Yoruba from Hausa]

dashing /ˈdæʃiŋ/ adj.  1  spirited, lively 有锐气的；活泼的；活跃的 2  stylish 浮华的 □ dashingly  adv.  □ dashingness  n.  

dashpot /ˈdæʃpɒt/ n.  a device for damping shock or vibration 减振器；缓冲器

dassie /ˈdæsi/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a rock hyrax of southern Africa, Procavia capensis also called 亦称作 ROCK RABBIT (非洲南部的)蹄兔 2  a small coastal fish, Diplodus sargus, with a black spot on the tail 重牙鲷，黑尾鱼 [Afrikaans from Dutch dasje, diminutive of das ‘badger’]

dastardly /ˈdæstədli, ˈdɑ:-/ adj.  cowardly, despicable 懦弱地；卑怯地 □ dastardliness  n.   [dastard ‘base coward’, probably from dazed past part. + -ARD, or obsolete dasart ‘dullard, DOTARD’]

dasyure /ˈdæsijʊə/ n.  any small catlike flesh-eating marsupial of the genus Dasyurus 袋猫类动物(袋鼬属，体小，形似家猫的食肉有袋动物) [French from modern Latin dasyurus, Greek dasus ‘rough’ + oura ‘tail’]

DAT abbr. [缩略]  digital audio tape 

data /ˈdeitə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing., although the singular form is strictly datum 尽管严格讲单数形式为 datum, 但 data 亦看作单数)  1  known facts or things used as a basis for inference or reckoning (作为推理、估计的)已知事实(或事情，论据) 2  quantities or characters operated on by a computer etc. (计算机等处理的)数据(或字符) [pl. of DATUM]■Usage 用法说明 (1) In scientific, philosophical, and general use, this word is usually considered to denote a number of items and is thus treated as plural with datum as the singular. (2) In computing and allied subjects (and sometimes in general use), it is treated as a mass (or collective) noun and used with words like this, that, and much, with singular verbs, e.g. useful data has been collected. Some people consider use (2) to be incorrect but it is more common than use (1). However, data is not a singular countable noun and cannot be preceded by a, every, each, either, or neither, or be given a plural form datas. (1) 在科技、哲学及一般用法中， data 通常被认为是指一些项目(条目)，因此当作复数看待；而 datum 则为其单数。 (2) 在计算机及相关的科目中(有时在一般用法中)， data 一般被看作物质(或集合)名词，和 this ， that ， much 等连用，跟单数动词，如 : useful data has been collected (收集了有用的数据)。有人认为用法 (2) 并不正确，然而还是比用法 (1) 用得更多。不过， data 不是单数可数名词，前面不可加 a ， every ， each ， either 或 neither ，也不可在词后用复数形式 datas 。 

data bank n.  1  a store or source of data 数据库(集)；资料库 2  = DATABASE 

database /ˈdeitəbeis/ n.  a structured set of data held in a computer, esp. one that is accessible in various ways (尤指可用多种方式存取的)数据库；资料库

datable /ˈdeitəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  capable of being dated (to a particular time) (对一特殊时期)可以确定年代的

data capture n.  the action or process of entering data into a computer 数据捕获(或收集) (把数据输入计算机的动作或过程)

data processing n.  a series of operations on data, esp. by a computer, to retrieve or classify etc. information 数据处理(尤指通过计算机检索、分类等) □ data processor  n.  

data protection n. Brit.  legal control over access to data stored in computers [英]数据保护；资料保护

date1 /deit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a day of the month, esp. specified by a number (尤指有具体数字的)日期；年月日 2  a particular day or year, esp. when a given event occurred (尤指特定事件发生时的)特定日期 3  a statement (usu. giving the day, month, and year) in a document or inscription etc., of the time of composition or publication 文件(或署名)上用的日期(通常写上年、月、日) 4  the period to which a work of art etc. belongs (艺术作品等所属的)时代 5  the time when an event happens or is to happen 事件发生(将要发生)的时间 6 colloq. [口]  a  an appointment or social engagement, esp. with a person of the opposite sex (尤指异性之间的)约会(或交往)b esp. N. Amer.  a person with whom one has a social engagement [尤北美]约会者 ●v.  1 tr.  mark with a date 标以日期 2 tr.  a  assign a date to (an object, event, etc.) 记下(某事、某事件等的)日期b (foll. by 后跟 to)  assign to a particular time, period, etc. 属于某一特定时代(时期等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, back to, etc.)  have its origins at a particular time 追朔到 4 intr.  be recognizable as from a past or particular period; become evidently out of date 使具有某一时代特征；过时  a design that does not date  并未过时的样式 5 tr.  indicate or expose as being out of date 使显得过时  that hat really dates you  戴那顶帽子使你显得老气 6 colloq. [口]  a tr.  make an arrangement with (a person) to meet socially 与(某人)约会b intr.  meet socially by agreement 约会  they are now dating regularly  他们现在一直在定期约会 □ to date   until now 迄今为止 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin data, fem. past part. of dare ‘give’: from the Latin formula used in dating letters, data (epistola) ‘(letter) given or delivered’ (at a particular time or place)]

date2 /deit/ n.  1  a dark oval single-stoned fruit 枣 2 (in full 全称 date palm)  the tall tree Phoenix dactylifera, native to W. Asia and N. Africa, bearing this fruit (生长在西亚、北非地区的)海枣(枣椰)树 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dactylus, from Greek daktulos ‘finger’, from the shape of its leaf]

datebook /ˈdeitbʊk/ n. N. Amer.  an engagement diary [北美]记事本

dateless /ˈdeitlis/ adj.  1  having no date 无日期的 2  of immemorial age 无期限的 3  not likely to become out of date 不可能过时的，永恒的

date line n.  1 (作 Date Line) (in full 全称 International Date Line)  an imaginary north-south line through the Pacific Ocean, mainly along the meridian furthest from Greenwich, to the east of which the date is a day earlier than it is to the west 国际日期变更线，国际改日线 2  a line at the head of a dispatch or special article in a newspaper showing the date and place of writing (表明电讯发稿日期地点的)电头

date rape n.  the rape of a girl or woman by a person with whom she is on a date 约会强奸

date stamp n. & v. ●n.  1  an adjustable rubber stamp etc. used to record a date (可调日期，用橡皮等制做的)邮戳章 2  the impression made by this 邮戳 ●v. tr. (作 date-stamp)  mark with a date stamp 加盖邮戳

dative /ˈdeitiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an indirect object or recipient 间接宾语，与格 ●adj.  of or in the dative 间接宾语的，与格的 □ datival  /dəˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin (casus) dativus, from dare dat- ‘give’]

datum /ˈdeitəm/ n. (pl. data: see 见 DATA)  1  a piece of information 数据，资料；信息 2  a thing known or granted; an assumption or premiss from which inferences may be drawn (see 见 SENSE DATUM) 论据，论据事实； (所推断出的)假设，前提 3  a fixed starting point of a scale etc. 基准；(刻度等的)基点  datum line  基准线 [Latin, = thing given, neut. past part. of dare ‘give’]

datura /dəˈtjʊərə/ n.  any poisonous plant of the genus Datura, e.g. the thorn apple 曼陀罗属植物(如山楂) [modern Latin from Hindi dhatura]

daub /dɔ:b/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  spread (paint, plaster, or some other thick substance) crudely or roughly on a surface 在…上粗略涂抹(油漆、灰泥或其他黏稠物) 2  coat or smear (a surface) with paint etc. (在表面)涂抹油漆(或颜料等) 3  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  paint crudely or unskilfully 乱涂，乱画b  lay (colours) on crudely and clumsily 胡乱涂抹(颜料) ●n.  1  paint or other substance daubed on a surface 涂料(颜料或其他黏稠物) 2  plaster, clay, etc., for coating a surface, esp. mixed with straw and applied to laths or wattles to form a wall (尤指抹墙的)灰泥(泥土等) 3  a crude painting 拙劣的画 [Middle English via Old French dauber from Latin dealbare ‘whitewash’, from albus ‘white’]

daube /dəʊb/ n.  a stew of braised meat (usu. beef) with wine etc. (加酒等)炖肉(通常为牛肉) [French]

dauber /ˈdɔ:bə/ n.  a person or implement that daubs, esp. in painting (尤指用油漆的)涂鸦者；涂抹工具

daughter /ˈdɔ:tə/ n.  1  a girl or woman in relation to either or both of her parents 女儿 2  a female descendant 女性后裔 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a female member of a family, nation, etc. (家族或民族等的)妇女 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a woman who is regarded as the spiritual descendant of, or as spiritually attached to, a person or thing (人或物的女后裔) 5  a product or attribute personified as a daughter in relation to its source (拟人化用法中)表示阴性的产物  Fortune and its daughter Confidence  有命运之神就有自信 6 Physics  a nuclide formed by the radioactive decay of another 【物理学】子体，放射性衰变产物 7 Biol.  a cell etc. formed by the division etc. of another 【生】(细胞等的)子代 □ daughterhood  n.  □ daughterly  adj.   [Old English dohtor, from Germanic]

daughter-in-law n. (pl. daughters-in-law)  the wife of one's son 儿媳

daunt /dɔ:nt/ v. tr.  discourage, intimidate 使气馁(沮丧；) 胁迫 □ daunting  adj.  □ dauntingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French daunter, Old French danter, donter from Latin domitare, frequentative of domare ‘tame’]

dauntless /ˈdɔ:ntlis/ adj.  intrepid, persevering 无畏的，不屈不挠的 □ dauntlessly  adv.  □ dauntlessness  n.  

dauphin /ˈdɔ:fin, ˈdəʊfã/ n. hist.  the eldest son of the King of France [史义] (法国)王储，王太子 [Middle English from French, ultimately from Latin delphinus DOLPHIN, as a family name]

Dave /deiv/   戴夫 [人名]

Davenport /ˈdæv(ə)npɔ:t/ n.  1 Brit.  an ornamental writing desk with drawers and a sloping surface for writing [英] (一种斜桌面带有抽屉及装饰的) (翻板)写字桌 2 US  a large heavily upholstered sofa [美] (大型)长沙发 [probably from Capt. Davenport, for whom early examples of this type of desk were made in the late 18th c.]

David /ˈdeivid/   戴维 [人名]

davit /ˈdævit, ˈdeiv-/ n.  a small crane on board a ship, esp. one of a pair for suspending or lowering a lifeboat (尤指升降救生艇的)吊艇柱(或杆) [Anglo-French & Old French daviot, diminutive of Davi ‘David’]

Davy /ˈdeivi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 Davy lamp)  a miner's safety lamp with the flame enclosed by wire gauze to reduce the risk of an explosion of gas 戴维(安全)灯(矿工所带的一种安全灯，金属丝网将火焰包在里面，以防止瓦斯爆炸) [named after Sir H. Davy, English chemist (d. 1829) who invented it]

Davy Jones /deivi ˈdʒəʊnz/ n. slang [俚语]  1 (in full 全称 Davy Jones's locker)  the bottom of the sea, esp. regarded as the grave of those drowned at sea 海底(尤指葬身海底) 2  the evil spirit of the sea 海神；海妖 [18th c.: origin unknown]

daw /dɔ:/ n.  = JACKDAW  [Middle English: related to Old High German tɑˉha]

dawdle /ˈdɔ:d(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  walk slowly and idly 游手好闲b  delay; waste time 拖延；混日子 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  waste (time) 浪费(时间) ●n.  an act or instance of dawdling 懒散；闲混 □ dawdler  n.   [perhaps related to dialect daddle, doddle ‘idle, dally’]

Dawn /dɔ:n/   唐 [人名]

dawn /dɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the first light of day; daybreak 黎明，拂晓，破晓 2  the beginning or incipient appearance of something 开始；发端，端倪 ●v. intr.  1 (of a day) begin; grow light (天)破晓，露出曙光 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  begin to become evident or understood (by a person) 渐悟，渐渐(被某人)明白 [originally as verb: back-formation from dawning, Middle English from earlier dawing influenced by similar Scandinavian words: related to DAY]

dawn chorus n.  the singing of many birds at the break of day 晨噪，破晓鸟鸣

dawning /ˈdɔ:niŋ/ n.  1  daybreak 拂晓，黎明 2  the first beginning of something 开端，端倪

dawn redwood n.  a Chinese deciduous coniferous tree, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, of a genus first known only from fossils (落叶针树，最先是从化石中得知的)水杉

day /dei/ n.  1  the time between sunrise and sunset 白昼 2  a  a period of 24 hours as a unit of time, esp. from midnight to midnight, corresponding to a complete revolution of the earth on its axis 一日(地球旋转一周，尤指从午夜到午夜的 24 小时)b  a corresponding period on other planets 恒星日  Martian day  火星日 3  daylight 日光，阳光  clear as day  一清二楚 4  the time in a day during which work is normally done 工作日  an eight-hour day  8 小时工作日 5  a (also 亦作 pl.)  a period of the past or present (过去或现在的)日子  the modern day  现时 the old days  昔时b (prec. by 前接 the)  the present time 现今；当前  the issues of the day  当前的问题 6  the lifetime of a person or thing, esp. regarded as useful or productive 某人(或某物)一生(尤指年轻有为时期)  have had my day  我已过巅峰全盛时期 in my day things were different  在我年轻的时候，情况就不同 7  a point of time 某一天  will do it one day  总有一天要做 8  the date of a particular festival or event 一个特殊节日(事件)的日期  graduation day  毕业日 pay day  发薪日 Christmas Day  圣诞节 9  a particular date; a date agreed on 特殊日；约定日 10  a day's endeavour, or the period of an endeavour, esp. as bringing success (尤指获得成功的)一天(或一段时间)  win the day  获胜 □ all in a (or the) day's work   part of normal routine 习以为常的；不足为奇的□ at the end of the day  esp. Brit.  in the final reckoning, when all is said and done [尤英]最终；到头来；工作完成之时□ call it a day   end a period of activity, esp. resting content that enough has been done (尤指认为一天的工作量已够而)收工；结束当天的活动，到此为止□ day after day   without respite 日复一日□ day and night   all the time 日日夜夜□ day by day   gradually 天天□ day in, day out   routinely, constantly 不论昼夜，日复一日，不间断地□ day of rest   the sabbath 安息日□ from day one   from the beginning 从头开始□ not one's day   a day of successive misfortunes for a person 某人倒霉(或不走运)的一天□ one of these days   before very long 不久前；总有一天□ one of those days   a day when things go badly 倒霉的一天□ that will be the day  colloq.  that will never happen [口]那样的事决不会发生□ this day and age   the present time or period 当今□ dayless  adj.   [Old English dœg, from Germanic]

Dayak var.  of DYAK  DYAK 的变体

daybed /ˈdeibed/ n.  a bed for daytime rest 坐卧两用沙发

daybook /ˈdeibʊk/ n.  an account book in which a day's transactions are entered, for later transfer to a ledger 交易日记账

day-boy n. (fem. day-girl) Brit.  a boy or girl who goes daily from home to school, esp. a school that also has boarders [英] (尤指寄宿学校的)走读生

daybreak /ˈdeibreik/ n.  the first appearance of light in the morning 黎明，拂晓

day care n. (often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  1  the supervision of young children during the working day (小孩)日托 2  the care provided by a day centre 日托服务

day centre n. (also 亦作 day care centre)  a place providing care for the elderly or handicapped during the day (年迈者、残疾人的)日托中心

daydream /ˈdeidri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  pleasant fantasy or reverie 白日梦 ●v. intr.  indulge in this 空想 □ daydreamer  n.  

Day-Glo /ˈdeiɡləʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. propr.  a make of fluorescent paint or other colouring [商标]“日辉牌”荧光漆 ●adj.  coloured with or like this (似)“日辉牌”荧光漆的 [DAY + GLOW]

day labourer n.  an unskilled labourer hired by the day (无需技能按日计酬的)零工

daylight /ˈdeilait/ n.  1  the light of day 日光 2  dawn 天明，白昼  before daylight  天明前 3  a  openness, publicity 公开；发表b  open knowledge 光明 4  a visible gap or interval, e.g. between boats in a race (如竞赛中船与船之间可见的)间隔 5 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  one's life or consciousness (originally the internal organs) esp. as representing vulnerability to fear, attack, etc. [口] (原为内脏器官的)活动力；(尤指表现为对恐惧、攻击等时的)知觉，神志  scared the daylights out of me  我被吓昏了头 beat the living daylights out of them  把他们痛打一顿 □ see daylight   begin to understand what was previously obscure 弄明白

daylight robbery n. Brit. colloq.  a blatantly excessive charge [英口]明目张胆的劫夺(一眼看穿的过高要价)

daylight saving n.  the achieving of longer evening daylight, esp. in summer, by setting the time an hour ahead of the standard time 日光节约时间(尤指夏季把标准时间提前一小时，以充分利用黄昏日光)

daylight time n. esp. N. Amer.  time as adjusted for daylight saving (cf. 参见 SUMMER TIME) [尤北美]夏令时

day lily n.  any plant of the genus Hemerocallis, whose flowers last only a day 萱草属植物

day-long adj.  lasting for a day 整日的，整天的

day nursery n.  a nursery where children are looked after during the working day 日间托儿所

Day of Atonement n.  the most solemn religious fast of the Jewish year, ten days after the Jewish New Year 赎罪日(犹太人一年中最隆重的宗教斋戒节，在犹太新年后 10 天)

day off n.  a day's holiday from work 休假日

Day of Judgement n.  = JUDGEMENT DAY 

day of obligation n. Eccl.  a day on which all are required to attend Mass or Communion 【教会】须停止工作去做礼拜的日子

day of reckoning n.  the time when something must be atoned for or avenged 赎罪日；复仇日

day out n. Brit.  a trip or excursion for a day [英] (一日的)外出远足

day owl n.  any owl hunting by day esp. the short-eared owl (尤指短耳、日间捕食的)昼枭

daypack /ˈdeipæk/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DAYSACK 

day release n. Brit.  a system of allowing employees days off work for education [英]职工脱产学习制度

day return n. Brit.  a fare or ticket at a reduced rate for a journey out and back in one day [英] (票价较低的)当天往返车票(或车费)

day room n.  a room, esp. a communal room in an institution, used during the day (尤指机关单位白天使用的)公共休息室

daysack /ˈdeisæk/ n. Brit.  a small rucksack for use on one-day hikes [英] (供一日远足用的)小帆布背包

day school n.  a school for pupils living at home 走读学校

dayside /ˈdeisaid/ n.  1 US  staff, esp. of a newspaper, who work during the day [美] (尤指报社上白班的)日班人员 2 Astron.  the side of a planet that faces the sun 【天】(行星的)白昼侧

daytime /ˈdeitaim/ n.  the part of the day when there is natural light 白天，日间

day-to-day adj.  mundane, routine 世俗的；日常事务的，例行公事的

day trip n.  a trip or excursion completed in one day 一日游 □ day tripper  n. Brit. [英]  一日游者

daywork /ˈdeiwɜ:k/ n.  work paid for according to the time taken 日工；按时计酬的工作

daze /deiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  stupefy, bewilder 使茫然，使发昏 ●n.  a state of confusion or bewilderment 困惑，茫然  in a daze  茫然地 □ dazedly  /-zidli/ adv.   [Middle English dased past part., from Old Norse dasathr ‘weary’]

dazzle /ˈdæz(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  blind temporarily or confuse the sight of by an excess of light (因强光)使耀(眼)，使眼花 2 tr.  impress or overpower (a person) with knowledge, ability, or any brilliant display or prospect (因知识、能力、灿烂夺目的展示或情景而)使(人)眼花缭乱 3 intr. archaic (of eyes) be dazzled [古义] (目)眩，(眼)花 ●n.  bright confusing light 耀眼的光 □ dazzlement  n.  □ dazzler  n.  □ dazzling  adj.  □ dazzlingly  adv.   [Middle English, from DAZE + -LE4]

dB abbr. [缩略]  decibel(s) 

DBE abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级英帝国女勋爵士

DBS abbr. [缩略]  1  direct-broadcast satellite 直播用卫星 2  direct broadcasting by satellite 卫星直播

DC abbr. [缩略]  1 (also 亦作 dc)  direct current  2  District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区 3  da capo  4  District Commissioner 区行政长官；区专员

DCB abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级巴思女勋爵士

DCL abbr.  Doctor of Civil Law [缩略]民法博士

DCM abbr. (in the UK) Distinguished Conduct Medal [缩略] (英国)特等军功章

DCMG abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)高级圣迈克尔和圣乔治女勋爵士

DCVO abbr. (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国) (第二等的)维多利亚女勋爵士

DD abbr.  Doctor of Divinity [缩略]神学博士

D-Day /ˈdi:dei/ n.  1  the day (6 June 1944) on which Allied forces invaded northern France (1944 年 6 月 6 日第二次世界大战中盟军在法国北部发起反攻的)反攻日 2  the day on which an important operation is to begin or a change to take effect 发生重大行动的日子；变革生效日 [D for day + DAY]

ddC abbr.  dideoxycytidine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids [缩略]双脱氧胞苷(用于治疗艾滋病的药物)

ddI abbr.  dideoxyinosine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids [缩略]双脱氧肌苷(用于治疗艾滋病的药物)

DDR abbr. hist.  German Democratic Republic [缩略] [史义]德意志民主共和国 [German Deutsche Demokratische Republik]

DDT abbr.  dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a synthetic organic compound used as an insecticide, but now widely banned for its damaging effects on wildlife [缩略]二氯二苯基三氯乙烷，滴滴涕(一种杀虫剂，由于对野生动植物有致命后果，现已被禁止使用)

DE abbr. US  Delaware (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]特拉华州(正式邮政用语)

de- /di:, di/ prefix  1  forming verbs and their derivatives 构成动词及其派生词 :a  down, away (descend 下降 ; deduct 扣除) 向下；离开b  completely (declare 断言 ; denude 使裸露 ; deride 嘲笑) 完全 2  added to verbs and their derivatives to form verbs and nouns implying removal or reversal (decentralize 分散 ; de-ice 除冰 ; demoralization 道德颓废) 加在动词或其派生词前，构成动词或名词，表示“除去”；“颠倒”；“反转” [from or suggested by Latin de (adv. & prep.) = off, from: sense 2 via Old French des- from Latin dis-]

deaccession /di:əkˈseʃ(ə)n/ v. tr. (of a museum, library, etc.) sell (a work) (博物馆、图书馆等)出售(收藏品)

deacon /ˈdi:k(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in episcopal Churches) a minister of the third order, below bishop and priest (新教圣公会中的)会吏；副祭(英国教会中地位低于主教和神父者) 2 (in Nonconformist Churches) a lay officer attending to a congregation's secular affairs (非国教的)助祭 3 (in the early Church) an appointed minister of charity (早期教会中慈善团体的)执事 ●v. tr.  appoint or ordain as a deacon 指定(或授予)副祭 □ deaconate  n.  □ deaconship  n.  执事职位 [Old English diacon via ecclesiastical Latin diaconus from Greek diakonos ‘servant’]

deaconess /di:kəˈnes, ˈdi:k(ə)nis/ n.  a woman in the early Church and in some modern Churches with functions analogous to a deacon's (在早期和一些现代教堂中的)女执事 [DEACON, suggested by Late Latin diaconissa]

deactivate /di:ˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  make inactive or less reactive 使无效；使减活化 □ deactivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deactivator  n.  

dead /ded/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  no longer alive 死亡的；死一般的 2 colloq.  extremely tired or unwell [口]极端疲倦(或不舒服)的 3  benumbed; affected by loss of sensation 麻木的；无感觉的  my fingers are dead  我手指麻木 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  unappreciative or unconscious of; insensitive to 无欣赏力的；意识不到的；对…不灵敏的 5  no longer effective or in use; obsolete, extinct 失效的；已废的；淘汰的；破灭的 6 (of a match, of coal, etc.) no longer burning; extinguished (火柴、煤等)不再燃烧的；已熄灭的 7  inanimate 无生气的 8  a  lacking force or vigour; dull, lustreless, muffled 缺乏力量(或活力)的；呆滞的；无光泽的；无声响的b (of sound) not resonant (声音)沉闷的c (of sparkling wine etc.) no longer effervescent (汽酒等饮料)不冒泡的；走了味的 9  a  quiet; lacking activity 寂静的；呆滞的  the dead season  淡季b  motionless, idle 不动的，闲着的 10  a (of a microphone, telephone, etc.) not transmitting any sound, esp. because of a fault (话筒、电话等由于故障)听不到声音的b (of a circuit, conductor, etc.) carrying or transmitting no current; not connected to a source of electricity (线路、导体等的)不带电(或不传送电)的  a dead battery  用完的电池 11 (of the ball in a game) out of play (球戏中的球)死球的，被判无效的 12  abrupt, complete, exact, unqualified, unrelieved 突然的；完全的；绝对的；不合格的；未经解除的  come to a dead stop  完全停止 a dead faint  突然昏厥 a dead calm  全然无风 in dead silence  寂静无声 a dead certainty  绝对确实 13  without spiritual life 无生气的 ●adv.  1  absolutely, exactly, completely 绝对地；确切地；完全地  dead on target  正中目标 dead level  十分平整 dead tired  精疲力竭 2 Brit. colloq.  very, extremely [英口]十分；极端  dead good  极好 dead easy  十分容易 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  those who have died 死者 2  a time of silence or inactivity 最寂静的时刻  the dead of night  夜晚万籁俱静之时，深夜 □ dead as the (or a) dodo   see 见 DODO □ dead as a doornail   see 见 DOORNAIL □ dead from the neck up  colloq.  stupid [口]愚笨的□ dead to the world  colloq.  fast asleep; unconscious [口]熟睡；失去知觉□ make a dead set at   see 见 SET2 □ wouldn't be seen dead in (or with etc.)  colloq.  shall refuse to wear etc.; shall have nothing to do with [口]拒绝穿(戴等；) 与…绝无干系□ deadness  n.   [Old English dēad from Germanic, related to DIE1]

dead-and-alive adj. Brit. (of a place, person, activity, etc.) dull, monotonous; lacking interest [英] (地方、人、活动等)沉闷的，单调的；没有生气的

dead-ball line n. Rugby  a line behind the goal line beyond which the ball is considered out of play 【英式橄榄球】死球线

dead bat n. Cricket  a bat held loosely so that it imparts no motion to the ball when struck 【板球】(握得不紧、击不出球的)死球板

deadbeat /ˈdedbi:t/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. 通常作 dead beat /-ˈbi:t/ when predic.)  1 colloq.  exhausted [口]精疲力竭的 2 Physics (of an instrument or clock escapement) without recoil 【物理学】(仪器或钟表的擒纵轮)不摆的 ●n.  1 colloq.  an idle, feckless, or disreputable person [口]游手好闲者，无精打采的人，声名狼藉的人 2 US slang  a person constantly in debt [美] [俚语]赖账不还的人

deadbolt /ˈdedbəʊlt/ n. esp. US  a bolt engaged by turning a knob or key, rather than by spring action [尤美]死拴，锁定插销

dead centre n.  1  the exact centre 正中心 2  the position of a crank etc. in line with the connecting rod and not exerting torque (曲轴等与连杆在同一位置时的)死点

dead cert Brit. [英]  see 见 CERT 

dead duck n. colloq.  an unsuccessful or useless person or thing [口]不成功(或没有用的)人(或物)

deaden /ˈded(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  deprive of or lose vitality, force, brightness, sound, feeling, etc. 丧失(活力、力气、智慧、声音、感情等) 2 tr. (foll. by 后接 to)  make insensitive 使无感觉，使麻木 □ deadener  n.  

dead end n.  1  a closed end of a road, passage, etc. (道路、通道等的)尽头；终端；死胡同 2 (often, with hyphen, attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  a situation offering no prospects of progress or advancement 绝境，僵局

deadeye /ˈdedai/ n.  1 Naut.  a circular wooden block with a groove round the circumference to take a lanyard, used singly or in pairs to tighten a shroud 【海】三眼滑轮；三眼木饼 2 US colloq.  an expert marksman [美口]神射手

deadfall /ˈdedfɔ:l/ n. N. Amer.  a trap in which a raised weight is made to fall on and kill esp. large game [北美] (尤指大型狩猎中以重物落下压住或砸死猎物的)陷阱

dead hand n.  an oppressive persisting influence, esp. posthumous control 过去对现今的持久影响(尤指不散的阴魂)

dead-head n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a faded flower head [英]已凋谢的花朵，枯萎的花朵 2 colloq.  a passenger or member of an audience who has made use of a free ticket [口] (持有优待券的)免费乘客或观众 3 colloq.  a useless or unenterprising person [口]无进取心(或无用)的人 ●v.  1 tr.  remove dead-heads from (a plant) 摘去(植物的)枯花 2 intr. US colloq. (of a driver etc.) complete a journey with an empty train, bus, etc. [美口] (司机等) (火车、汽车等)开空车返回；放空车

dead heat n. & v. ●n.  1  a race in which two or more competitors finish exactly level 胜负不分的赛跑，同时到达终点的赛跑 2  the result of such a race 不分胜负 ●v. intr. (作 dead-heat)  run a dead heat 同时到达终点

dead language n.  a language no longer spoken, e.g. Latin 死语言(如拉丁语)

dead letter n.  1  a law or practice no longer observed or recognized 已废的法律规定；已停止的做法 2  an unclaimed or undelivered letter (无人认领或无法投递的)死信，无着信

dead lift n.  the exertion of one's utmost strength to lift something 拼全力的一举

deadlight /ˈdedlait/ n.  1 Naut.  a shutter inside a porthole 【海】舷舱内盖；甲板厚玻璃窗 2 US  a skylight that cannot be opened [美]固定天窗

deadline /ˈdedlain/ n.  1  a time limit for the completion of an activity etc. (活动等完成的)最后期限，截止日期 2 hist.  a line beyond which prisoners were not allowed to go [史义]监狱周围的死线

deadlock /ˈdedlɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a situation, esp. one involving opposing parties, in which no progress can be made (尤指与对立面的)僵局 2  a type of lock requiring a key to open or close it 死锁，单闩锁 ●v. tr. & intr.  bring or come to a standstill 使停顿，停止，(使)僵持

dead loss n.  1 colloq.  a useless person or thing [口]无用的人(或物) 2  a complete loss 彻底失败；纯损

deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (deadlier, deadliest)  1  a  causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage 要命的，致命的b  poisonous 有毒的  deadly snake  毒蛇 2  intense, extreme 剧烈的，极端的  deadly dullness  难以忍受的沉闷 3 (of an aim etc.) extremely accurate or effective (瞄准等)极度准确的，极为有效的 4  deathlike 像死人似的  deadly pale  死一样的苍白 deadly faintness  极度衰弱 deadly gloom  死一般的阴沉 5 colloq.  dreary, dull [口]沉闷的，呆滞的 6  implacable 难宽恕的 ●adv.  1  like death; as if dead 像死一样地  deadly faint  极度地衰弱 2  extremely, intensely 极端地，剧烈地  deadly serious  极度认真 □ deadliness  n.   [Old English dēadlic, dēadlīce (as DEAD, -LY1)]

deadly nightshade n.  a highly poisonous plant, Atropa belladonna, with drooping purple flowers and black cherry-like fruit Also called 亦称作 BELLADONNA or dwale 颠茄

deadly sin n.  a sin regarded as leading to damnation, esp. pride, covetousness, lust, gluttony, envy, anger, and sloth 应受天罚的(七)大罪(尤指骄傲、贪婪、邪欲、暴食、忌妒、愤怒、懒惰)

dead man's fingers n.  1  a kind of orchis, Orchis mascula 雄红门兰 2  any soft coral of the genus Alcyonium, with spiny lobes 腐指(海鸡冠属) 3  the finger-like divisions of a lobster's or crab's gills (龙虾或蟹的鳃)指状分叉

dead man's handle n. (also 亦作 dead man's pedal)  a controlling device esp. on an electric train, allowing power to be connected only as long as the operator presses on it (尤指电气火车的驾驶员一按就可接通电源的)安全手柄；警惕手柄

dead march n.  a funeral march 送葬曲，丧礼进行曲

dead men n. pl. colloq.  bottles after the contents have been drunk [口]空酒瓶

dead nettle n.  a plant of the genus Lamium or a related genus of the mint family, having nettle-like leaves but without stinging hairs 野芝麻，野芝麻属植物(叶似荨麻而无刺)

dead on adj.  exactly right 绝对正确

deadpan /ˈdedpæn/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. & adv.  with a face or manner totally lacking expression or emotion 毫无表情的面容(的)，冷面孔(的) ●v. (deadpanned, deadpanning)  1 intr.  speak or behave in a deadpan manner 不带感情色彩地说(或做) 2 tr.  say or behave towards in a deadpan manner 对…不露声色地说(或做)

dead reckoning n.  calculation of a ship's position from the log, compass, etc., when observations are impossible (根据测程仪、罗盘等的)推测领航

dead ringer  see 见 RINGER 

dead set n.  a determined attack or attempt 猛烈的攻击；坚决的立场

dead shot n.  person who shoots extremely accurately 神枪手

deadstock /ˈdedstɒk/ n.  farm machinery 农具，农业机械 [in contrast to livestock]

dead time n. Physics  the period after the recording of a pulse etc. when the detector is unable to record another 【物理学】死时间(记录脉冲等后的一段时间)；空档时间

dead weight n. (also 亦作 dead-weight)  1  a  an inert mass (物体的)静止重量b  a heavy weight or burden 沉重的重量；重负，累赘 2  a debt not covered by assets 资产不足以抵债的债务 3  the total weight carried on a ship (船的)总载重量

dead wood n. colloq.  one or more useless people or things [口]无用(或冗赘)人员；废物，废料

de-aerate /di:ˈɛəreit/ v. tr.  remove air from 除去空气 □ de-aeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deaf /def/ adj.  1  wholly or partly without hearing 聋的，失聪的  deaf in one ear  一耳失聪 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  refusing to listen or comply 不听；不理会 3  insensitive to harmony, rhythm, etc. 对(和声、节奏等)感觉迟钝的  tone-deaf  不能(或不善于)辨别音高的 □ deaf as a post   completely deaf 全聋□ fall on deaf ears   be ignored 不被理睬，置若罔闻□ turn a deaf ear  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be unresponsive 充耳不闻，不加理睬□ deafness  n.   [Old English dēaf, from Germanic]

deaf aid n. Brit.  a hearing aid [英]助听器

deaf-and-dumb alphabet n. (also 亦作 deaf-and-dumb language etc.)  finger alphabet; sign language 手语字母；(聋哑人用的)手势语■Usage 用法说明 Sign language is the preferred term in official use. 在正式用法中，人们更愿用手势语 sign language 这一术语。 

deaf-blind adj. (of a person) both deaf and blind (人)又聋又哑的

deafen /ˈdef(ə)n/ v. tr.  1 (often as 常作 deafening adj.)  overpower with sound (一阵子)淹没(声音) 2  deprive of hearing by noise, esp. temporarily (尤指暂时地)震聋 □ deafeningly  adv.  

deaf mute n.  a person who is both deaf and dumb 聋哑者(人)■Usage 用法说明 The term deaf mute is now generally avoided in favour of the term profoundly deaf. If complete unambiguity is needed, deaf without speech can be used. 人们现在一般都避而不用 deaf mute ，而用 profoundly deaf 。如果需要明确表示，可说 deaf without speech 。 

deal1 /di:l/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. dealt /delt/)  1 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  take measures concerning (a problem, person, etc.), esp. in order to put something right (对问题、人等)处置，处理b (foll. by 后跟 with)  do business with; associate with 打交道；交往c (foll. by 后跟 with)  discuss or treat (a subject) 讨论，处理(某问题)d (often foll. by 后跟 by)  behave in a specified way towards a person 对付，对待  dealt honourably by them  对他们敬重 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  sell or be concerned with commercially 经营；交易  deals in insurance  经营保险业 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, or Brit. [英] round)  distribute or apportion to several people etc. 分发，分配(给数人等) 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  distribute (cards) to players for a game or round 发(纸牌) 5 tr.  cause to be received; administer 使遭到；给予，施予  deal a heavy blow  给予沉重的打击 6 tr.  assign as a share or deserts to a person (将每人应得的一份)分给；分派  Providence dealt them much happiness  上天给与他们许多幸福 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in) colloq.  include (a person) in an activity [口]包括(某人)在内  you can deal me in  你可把我算在内 ●n.  1 (usu. 通常作 a good or great deal)  a  a large amount 大量；诸多  a good deal of trouble  大量麻烦b  to a considerable extent 很；非常  is a great deal better  好得多 2  a business arrangement; a transaction 商业约定；交易 3  a specified form of treatment given or received 对待，待遇  gave them a rough deal  给予他们不公平的待遇 got a fair deal  得到公平的待遇 4  a  the distribution of cards by dealing 发牌b  a player's turn to do this 轮到发牌  it's my deal  该我发牌c  the round of play following this 牌戏的一局d  a set of hands dealt to players 一手牌 □ it's a deal  colloq.  expressing assent to an agreement [口]同意所提条件 [Old English dœˉl, dœˉlan, from Germanic]

deal2 /di:l/ n.  1  fir or pine timber, esp. sawn into boards of a standard size (符合尺寸的)冷杉木板(或松木板) 2  a  a board of this timber 冷杉木板(或松木板)b  such boards collectively (总称)冷杉木(松木)板 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dele ‘plank’, from Germanic]

dealer /ˈdi:lə/ n.  1  a person or business dealing in (esp. retail) goods (尤指零售)商人  contact your dealer  和你的零售商联系 car-dealer  汽车交易商 a dealer in tobacco  烟草商 2  the player dealing at cards 发牌人 3  a jobber on the Stock Exchange 证券交易人 □ dealership  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  ■Usage 用法说明 The term dealer in sense 3 was officially replaced by broker-dealer in 1986 (see Usage Note at BROKER). 从 1986 年起，用于释义 3 中的 dealer 正式改用 broker dealer (见 BROKER 的用法说明)。 

dealings /ˈdi:liŋs/ n. pl.  contacts or transactions, esp. in business (尤指商业)交易，生意 □ have dealings with   associate with 和…有关系；有联系

dealt past and past part.  of DEAL1 

Dean /di:n/   迪安 [人名]

dean1 /di:n/ n.  1  a  the head of the chapter of a cathedral or collegiate church 枢机主教长；大教堂的祭司长；教堂的执事长b (usu. 通常作 rural dean) Brit.  a member of the clergy exercising supervision over a group of parochial clergy within a division of an archdeaconry [英]乡村主任牧师；地方执事(拥有教区分区的管辖权) 2  a  a college or university official, esp. one of several fellows of a college, with disciplinary and advisory functions (大学的)学院院长b  the head of a university faculty or department or of a medical school 教务长；系主任；医学院院长 3  = DOYEN  [Middle English via Anglo-French deen, Old French deien from Late Latin decanus, from decem ‘ten’; originally = chief of a group of ten]

dean2 var.  of DENE1  DENE1 的变体

deanery /ˈdi:n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a dean's house or office 地方执事(学院院长、系主任)的住宅(或办公室) 2 Brit.  the group of parishes presided over by a rural dean [英]乡区牧师管辖的教区

Dean of Faculty n.  the president of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland (苏格兰)律师联合会会长

dear /diə/ adj., n., adv. & int. ●adj.  1  a  beloved or much esteemed 心爱的；十分敬重的b  as a merely polite or ironic form 作为一种礼貌(或讽刺)称呼的  my dear man  我的老兄 2  used as a formula of address, esp. at the beginning of letters (一般书信中抬头称呼)亲爱的  Dear Sir  亲爱的先生 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  precious; much cherished 珍贵的；珍爱的 4 (usu. in 通常用 superl.)  earnest, deeply felt 热心的；真诚的  my dearest wish  我最真诚的愿望 5  a  high-priced relative to its value 昂贵的b  having high prices 高价的c (of money) available as a loan only at a high rate of interest (钱)以高利率贷款的 ●n. (esp. as a form of address) dear person (尤作为称呼形式)亲爱的人 ●adv.  at a high price or great cost 高价地；昂贵地  buy cheap and sell dear  低价买入，高价卖出 will pay dear  将付出极大代价 ●int.  expressing surprise, dismay, pity, etc. (表示惊愕、惊慌、失望、怜悯等)哎呀，唷  dear me!  天哪！ oh dear!  哎呀！ dear, dear!  哎呀妈呀！ □ for dear life   see 见 LIFE □ dearness  n.   [Old English dēore, from Germanic]

dearie /ˈdiəri/ n. (esp. as a form of address 尤作为一种称呼) usu. joc. or iron.  my dear [通常诙] [讽]亲爱的 □ dearie me!  int.  expressing surprise, dismay, etc. 哎呀；天哪！ (表示惊愕、失望等)

Dear John n. colloq.  a letter terminating a personal relationship [口]绝情信，绝交信

dearly /ˈdiəli/ adv.  1  affectionately, fondly 亲切地；挚爱地  loved him dearly  深深地爱着他 2  a  earnestly; keenly 认真地；热切地b  very much, greatly 非常地，很  would dearly love to go  非常想去 3  at a high price or great cost 高价地；昂贵地

dearth /dɜ:θ/ n.  scarcity or lack 缺乏，不足 [Middle English, formed as DEAR]

deasil /ˈdes(ə)l, ˈdjeʃ(ə)l/ adv. esp. Sc.  in the direction of the sun's apparent course (considered as lucky); clockwise (opp. 反义 WIDDERSHINS) [尤苏格兰] (视作幸运)顺太阳运行方向的；顺时针方向的 [Gaelic deiseil]

death /deθ/ n.  1  the final cessation of vital functions in an organism; the ending of life 死亡；死 2  the event that terminates life 死亡事件 3  a  the fact or process of being killed or killing 杀死(或被杀死)的事件(或过程)  stone to death  被石头打死 fight to the death  战到最后一刻b  the fact or state of being dead 死的事实(状态)  eyes closed in death  死后闭眼了 their deaths caused rioting  他们的死引起了暴动 4  a  the destruction or permanent cessation of something (事物的)毁灭(或结束)  was the death of our hopes  我们希望的破灭b colloq.  something terrible or appalling [口]可怕(或可惧)的东西 5 (usu. 通常作 Death)  a personification of death, esp. as a destructive power, usu. represented by a skeleton (尤指破坏力，通常由骷髅代表的)死神 6  a lack of religious faith or spiritual life 宗教信仰(或精神生活)的丧失 □ as sure as death   quite certain 必定；的确□ at death's door   close to death 命在旦夕，在死亡的边缘□ be in at the death   1  be present when an animal is killed, esp. in hunting (尤指打猎时)目睹猎物被猎狗咬死 2  witness the (esp. sudden) ending of an enterprise etc. (尤指突然)看到(艰巨计划等的)结束□ be the death of   1  cause the death of 为…的致死原因 2  be very harmful to 极为有害□ catch one's death of cold  colloq.  catch a serious chill etc. [口]得了(要命的发冷等)重感冒□ do to death   1  overdo 做得过分；过火 2  kill 杀死□ fate worse than death  colloq.  a disastrous misfortune or experience [口]极大的不幸(或经历)□ like death warmed up (or US [美] over)  colloq.  very tired or ill [口]疲倦死了；病得很厉害□ put to death   kill; execute 杀死；处决□ to death   to the utmost, extremely 到极点，极度  bored to death  烦死了 worked to death  劳累死了□ deathless  adj.  □ deathlessness  n.  □ deathlike  adj.   [Old English dēath from Germanic: related to DIE1]

death adder n.  any of various venomous snakes of the genus Acanthophis, esp. A. antarcticus of Australia 棘蛇属蛇(尤指澳大利亚有毒的棘蛇)

deathbed /ˈdeθbed/ n.  a bed as the place where a person is dying or has died 临终床

death blow n.  1  a blow or other action that causes death 致命的打击 2  an event or circumstance that abruptly ends an activity, enterprise, etc. (突然)导致活动(计划等)失败的事件(或情况)

death camp n.  a prison camp in which many people die or are put to death 死亡集中营，死囚营

death cap n.  a poisonous toadstool, Amanita phalloides 鬼笔鹅膏(一种毒磨菇)

death cell n.  a prison cell for a person condemned to death 死囚牢房

death certificate n.  an official statement of the cause and date and place of a person's death 死亡证明书

death duty n. Brit. hist.  a tax levied on property after the owner's death (replaced in 1975 by capital transfer tax, which was replaced in 1986 by inheritance tax) [英史义]遗产税，继承税 (1975 年英国将其改称 capital transfer tax 资本转让税，而 1986 年又改称 inheritance tax 继承税)

death grant n. Brit.  a state grant towards funeral expenses [英] (国家发放的)丧葬补助金

death knell n.  1  the tolling of a bell to mark a person's death 丧钟 2  an event that heralds the end or destruction of something 事情的结束，毁灭的宣告

deathly /ˈdeθli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (deathlier, deathliest)  suggestive of death 死一般的  deathly silence  死一般的寂静 ●adv.  in a deathly way 死一般地  deathly pale  死一般的苍白

death mask n.  a cast taken of a dead person's face 遗容的面模

death penalty n.  punishment by being put to death 死刑

death rate n.  the number of deaths per thousand of population per year 死亡率

death rattle n.  a gurgling sound sometimes heard in a dying person's throat 临终喉鸣(临终之际死者气管发出的声音)

death roll n. Brit. [英]  1  those killed in an accident, battle, etc. (事故、战斗等中的)死亡者 2  a list of these 死亡名单

death row n. (esp. with reference to the US) a prison block or section for prisoners sentenced to death (尤指美国) (监狱的)死囚区

death's head n.  a human skull as an emblem of mortality (作为死亡象征的)头盖骨，骷髅头

death's head moth n.  a large dark hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, with skull-like markings on the back of the thorax (背部有类似骷髅模样的)人面天蛾

death squad n.  an armed paramilitary group formed to kill political enemies etc. (旨在杀害政治对手等的)杀手小分队

death tax n. US  a tax on property payable on the owner's death [美]遗产税，继承税

death toll n.  the number of people killed in an accident, battle, etc. (事故或战斗等中)死去的人数

death trap n. colloq.  a dangerous or unhealthy building, vehicle, etc. [口]危险建筑物(车辆等)

death warrant n.  1  an order for the execution of a condemned person 死刑执行令 2  anything that causes the end of an established practice etc. (对既成做法等的)致命的打击

death-watch n. (in full 全称 death-watch beetle)  a small beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum, which makes a sound like a watch ticking, once supposed to portend death, and whose larva bores in old wood 红毛窃蠹，死兆甲虫(会发出像时钟一样咔嗒咔嗒的声音，被认为是死亡的预告，其蛹产在朽木里)

death wish n.  a desire (usu. unconscious) for the death of oneself or another (通常无意识的、对自己或他人的)死亡愿望

deattribute /di:əˈtribju:t/ v. tr.  cease to attribute (a work of art) to a particular artist 不再被认为(某艺术品)是…的作品 □ deattribution  /ˌdi:ætriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Deb /deb/   黛布 [人名]

deb /deb/ n. colloq.  a debutante [口]初次登台的人；初次参加社交活动者 [abbreviation]

debacle /deiˈbɑ:k(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 débɑˆcle)  1  a  an utter defeat, failure, or disaster 彻底失败(打败、溃败)b  a sudden collapse or downfall 崩溃；垮台 2  a confused rush or rout; a stampede 惊慌失措的溃逃，溃败 3  a  a break-up of ice in a river, with resultant flooding (河)冰的裂开，凌汛泛滥b  a sudden rush of water carrying along blocks of stone and other debris 泥石流 [French, from débɑˆcler ‘unbar’]

debag /di:ˈbæɡ/ v. tr. (debagged, debagging) Brit. slang  remove the trousers of (a person), esp. as a joke [英] [俚语]脱去(某人的)裤子(尤指作为一种惩罚的恶作剧)

debar /diˈbɑ:/ v. tr. (debarred, debarring) (foll. by 后跟 from)  exclude from admission or from a right; prohibit from an action 阻止，拦阻；禁止  was debarred from entering  禁止进入 □ debarment  n.   [Middle English from French débarrer, Old French desbarrer (as DE-, BAR1)]

debark1 /di:ˈbɑ:k/ v. tr. & intr.  land from a ship 下船；登陆 □ debarkation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French débarquer (as DE-, BARK3)]

debark2 /di:ˈbɑ:k/ v. tr.  remove the bark from (a tree) 去掉(树)皮

debase /diˈbeis/ v. tr.  1  lower in quality, value, or character 贬低；降低；有损…的人格 2  depreciate (coin) by alloying etc. (用合金等)降低(硬币)的成色；使货币贬值 □ debasement  n.  □ debaser  n.   [DE- + obsolete base for ABASE]

debatable /diˈbeitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  questionable; subject to dispute 有问题的；有争议的 2  capable of being debated 能引起争议的 □ debatably  adv.   [Old French debatable or Anglo-Latin debatabilis (as DEBATE)]

debate /diˈbeit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  discuss or dispute about (an issue, proposal, etc.), esp. formally in a legislative assembly, public meeting, etc. (问题、建议等)争论，辩论(尤指在立法会议和公众集会等上的辩论) 2  a tr.  consider or ponder (a matter) 考虑；熟虑(某事)b intr.  consider different sides of a question 细想，盘算 ●n.  1  a formal discussion on a particular matter, esp. in a legislative assembly etc. (尤指在立法会议上就某项事情的)正式辩论 2  debating, discussion 辩论；讨论  open to debate  开始辩论第一个发言 □ debater  n.   [Middle English via Old French debatre, debat from Romanic (as DE-, BATTLE)]

debating point n.  an inessential matter used to gain advantage in a debate (辩论时用以取得优势的)非实质性论点

debauch /diˈbɔ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  corrupt morally 使道德败坏，使堕落 2  make intemperate or sensually indulgent 使变得放荡 3  deprave or debase (taste or judgement) (使情趣、品位、判断等)变坏；变得卑下 4 (as 作 debauched adj.)  dissolute 放荡的；荒淫的 5 archaic  seduce (a woman) [古义]诱奸(妇女) ●n.  1  a bout of sensual indulgence 纵欲 2  debauchery 放荡 □ debaucher  n.   [French débauche(r), Old French desbaucher, of unknown origin]

debauchee /dibɔ:ˈtʃi:, -ˈʃi:/ n.  a person given to excessive sensual indulgence 浪荡子；纵情声色者 [French débauché past part.: see DEBAUCH, -EE]

debauchery /diˈbɔ:tʃ(ə)ri/ n.  excessive sensual indulgence; licentiousness 放荡；淫逸；纵情声色

Debbie /ˈdebi/   戴比 [人名]

Debby /ˈdebi/   戴比 [人名]

debenture /diˈben(t)ʃə/ n.  1 Brit.  an acknowledgement of indebtedness, esp. a bond of a company or corporation acknowledging a debt and providing for payment of interest at fixed intervals [英]借据(尤指公司债券) 2 US (in full 全称 debenture bond)  a fixed-interest bond of a company or corporation, backed by general credit rather than specified assets [美] (公司)无担保品债券 [Middle English from Latin debentur ‘are owing’, from debēre ‘owe’: assimilated to -URE]

debenture stock n. Brit.  stock comprising debentures, with only the interest secured [英]借款股份；信用债券，公司债券

debilitate /diˈbiliteit/ v. tr.  enfeeble, enervate 使衰弱，使虚弱 □ debilitatingly  adv.  □ debilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ debilitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [Latin debilitare (as DEBILITY)]

debility /diˈbiliti/ n.  feebleness, esp. of health (尤指身体)虚弱，衰弱 [Middle English via Old French debilité from Latin debilitas -tatis, from debilis ‘weak’]

debit /ˈdebit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in bookkeeping 簿记)  a  an entry in the left-hand side or column of an account recording a sum owed 借项，记入借方的款项b  the sum recorded 借记数c  the total of such sums 借项总金额 2  the debit side of an account 借方 ●v. tr. (debited, debiting)  1 (foll. by 后跟 against, to)  enter (an amount) on the debit side of an account 把(数额)记入借方  debited £ 500 against me  把 500 英镑记入我的借方账上 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  enter (a person) on the debit side of an account 记入(某人)账户的借方  debited me with £ 500  在我的账户的借方记上 500 英镑 [French débit from Latin debitum DEBT]

debit card n.  a card allowing the holder to transfer money from one bank account to another via a computer terminal when making a purchase etc. (购物等时的)借方卡

debonair /debəˈnɛə/ adj.  1  carefree, cheerful, self-assured 无忧无虑的；愉快的；自信的 2  having pleasant manners; urbane 温文尔雅的；彬彬有礼的 □ debonairly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French debonaire = de bon aire ‘of good stock’]

Deborah /ˈdebərə/   德博拉 [人名]

debouch /diˈbaʊtʃ, -ˈbu:ʃ/ v. intr.  1 (of troops or a stream) issue from a ravine, wood, etc., into open ground (军队)前出(即由隘路、峡道等行军至开阔地区)；(小溪)流出(至开阔地区) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into) (of a river, road, etc.) merge into a larger body or area (河)流出；(道路等)延伸出(至开阔区域) □ debouchment  n.   [French déboucher (as DE-, bouche ‘mouth’)]

debridement /deiˈbri:dmɒ˜, diˈbri:dm(ə)nt/ n. Med.  the removal of damaged tissue or foreign matter from a wound etc. 【医】清创术(从伤病等处去除损坏器官或异物) [French, literally ‘unbridling’]

debrief /di:ˈbri:f/ v. tr. colloq.  interrogate (a person, e.g. a diplomat or pilot) about a completed mission or undertaking [口]询问(如外交官、飞行员)执行任务情况的报告；盘问 □ debriefing  n.  

debris /ˈdebri:, ˈdeibri:/ n.  1  scattered fragments, esp. of something wrecked or destroyed (尤指失事或被毁物的)碎片，残骸 2 Geol.  an accumulation of loose material, e.g. from rocks or plants 【地质】(如岩石、植物松碎物形成的)岩屑 [French débris from obsolete débriser ‘break down’ (as DE-, briser ‘break’)]

debt /det/ n.  1  something that is owed, esp. money 债务(尤指钱) 2  a state of obligation to pay something owed 负债状态  in debt  欠债 out of debt  不欠债 get into debt  借债 □ in a person's debt   under an obligation to a person 受某人的恩惠，欠某人的人情债 [Middle English det(te) from Old French dette (later debte), ultimately from Latin debitum, past part. of debēre ‘owe’]

debt collector n.  a person who is employed to collect debts for creditors 收债人

debt of honour n.  a debt not legally recoverable, esp. a sum lost in gambling 无法律约束力的债务(尤指赌债)

debtor /ˈdetə/ n.  a person who owes a debt, esp. money (cf. 参见 CREDITOR) (尤指钱的)债务人 [Middle English via Old French det(t)or, -our from Latin debitor (as DEBT)]

debug /di:ˈbʌɡ/ v. tr. (debugged, debugging)  1  trace and remove concealed listening devices from (a room etc.) (从房间等处)除去窃听器 2  identify and remove defects from (a machine, computer program, etc.) 调试(机器、计算机程序等) 3  remove bugs from; delouse 给…除虫；灭虱

debugger /di:ˈbʌɡə/ n. Computing  a program for debugging other programs 【计算】调试程序

debunk /di:ˈbʌŋk/ v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  show the good reputation or aspirations of (a person, institution, etc.) to be spurious 揭穿；戳穿(某人、某机构等的)假面具 2  expose the falseness of (a claim etc.) 暴露(某主张等的)虚伪 □ debunker  n.  

debus /di:ˈbʌs/ v. tr. & intr. (debussed, debussing) esp. Brit. Mil.  unload (personnel or stores) or alight from a motor vehicle [尤英]【军】卸(客、货；) 下(车)

debut /ˈdeibju:, -bu:/ n. (also 亦作 début)  1  the first public appearance of a performer on stage etc.; the opening performance of a show etc. (演员表演等)初次登场；(演出等)首场演出 2  the first appearance of a debutante in society 初次露面 [French, from débuter ‘lead off’]

debutant /ˈdebju:tɒ˜, ˈdei-/ n. (also 亦作 débutant)  a male performer making his first public appearance 初次登台的男演员；初进社交界的人

debutante /ˈdebjʊtɑ:nt, ˈdei-/ n. (also 亦作 débutante)  1  a (usu. wealthy) young woman making her social debut 初次参加社交活动的(通常为富家)青年女子 2  a female performer making her first public appearance 初次登台的女演员 [French, fem. part. of débuter: see DEBUT]

Dec. abbr. [缩略]  December 

dec. abbr. [缩略]  1  deceased  2  declared 

deca- /ˈdekə/ comb. form [构词成分] (also dec- before a vowel 用在元音前亦作 dec-)  1  having ten 十 2  tenfold 十倍的 3  ten, esp. of a metric unit (decagram 10 克 ; decalitre 10 升) 十(尤指十进制) [Greek deka ‘ten’]

decade /ˈdekeid, diˈkeid/ n.  1  a period of ten years 10 年(期) 2  a set, series, or group of ten 十 , 10 个一组 [Middle English via French décade and Late Latin decas -adis from Greek, from deka ‘ten’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people, even though it is much used in broadcasting. 该词所标的第二种发音把重音放在第二个音节上，尽管广播中经常也这样念，但一些人仍认为是错误的。 

decadence /ˈdekəd(ə)ns/ n.  1  moral or cultural deterioration, esp. after a peak or culmination of achievement (尤指功成名就后的)颓废，堕落 2  decadent behaviour; a state of decadence 道德败坏；颓废状况 [French décadence from medieval Latin decadentia, from decadere DECAY]

decadent /ˈdekəd(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  in a state of moral or cultural deterioration; showing or characterized by decadence 颓废的；堕落的b  of a period of decadence 颓废期的 2  self-indulgent 自我放纵的 ●n.  a decadent person 堕落者；颓废者 □ decadently  adv.   [French décadent (as DECADENCE)]

decaf /ˈdi:kæf/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 decaff) ●n. propr.  decaffeinated coffee [商标]除去咖啡因的咖啡 ●adj.  decaffeinated 除去咖啡因的

decaffeinate /di:ˈkæfineit/ v. tr.  1  remove the caffeine from 除去…的咖啡因 2  reduce the quantity of caffeine in (usu. coffee) 减少(通常为咖啡)中的咖啡因量

decagon /ˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with ten sides and angles 十边形；十角形 □ decagonal  /diˈkæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [medieval Latin decagonum from Greek dekagōnon (as DECA-, -GON)]

decagynous /diˈkædʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having ten pistils 【植】具十花柱的 [modern Latin decagynus (as DECA-, Greek gūne ‘woman’)]

decahedron /dekəˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. decahedra /-drə/ or decahedrons)  a solid figure with ten faces 十面体 □ decahedral  adj.   [DECA- + -HEDRON after POLYHEDRON]

decal /ˈdi:kæl/ n. colloq. [口]  = DECALCOMANIA 2  [abbreviation]

decalcify /di:ˈkælsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove lime or calcareous matter from (a bone, tooth, etc.) 脱去(骨、牙等)中的石灰质；使脱钙 □ decalcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decalcifier  n.  

decalcomania /diˌkælkəˈmeiniə/ n. US [美]  1  a process of transferring designs from specially prepared paper to the surface of glass, porcelain, etc. (将纸上图案转印到玻璃、瓷器表面的)贴花印刷(法) 2  a picture or design used in or made by this process 贴花印刷的图画(或图案) [French décalcomanie from décalquer ‘transfer’]

decalitre /ˈdekəli:tə/ n. (US [美] decaliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to 10 litres 10 升

Decalogue /ˈdekəlɒɡ/ n.  the Ten Commandments (摩西的)十诫 [Middle English via French décalogue or ecclesiastical Latin decalogus from Greek dekalogos (after hoi deka logoi ‘the Ten Commandments’)]

decametre /ˈdekəmi:tə/ n. (US [美] decameter)  a metric unit of length, equal to 10 metres 10 米

decamp /diˈkæmp/ v. intr.  1  break up or leave a camp 撤营，离开宿营地 2  depart suddenly; abscond 突然离开；逃亡 □ decampment  n.   [French décamper (as DE-, CAMP1)]

decanal /diˈkein(ə)l, ˈdek(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a dean or deanery 院长(或教务长)的 2  of the south side of a choir, the side on which the dean sits (cf. 参见 CANTORIAL 2) (执事长、牧师坐的)唱诗班南侧的 [medieval Latin decanalis from Late Latin decanus DEAN1]

decandrous /diˈkændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having ten stamens 【植】具十雄蕊的 [DECA- + Greek andr- ‘man’]

decani /diˈkeinai/ adj. Mus.  to be sung by the decanal side in antiphonal singing (cf. 参见 CANTORIS) 【音】南侧唱诗班所唱的 [Latin, genitive of decanus DEAN1]

decant /diˈkænt/ v. tr.  1  gradually pour off (liquid, esp. wine or a solution) from one container to another, esp. without disturbing the sediment (尤指不搅动沉渣)轻轻倒出(液体，尤指酒或溶液)；滗 2 colloq.  transfer as if by pouring [口]移注 [medieval Latin decanthare (as DE-, CANTHUS, used for the lip of a beaker)]

decanter /diˈkæntə/ n.  a stoppered glass container into which wine or spirit is decanted 有塞子的玻璃酒(或饮料)瓶

decapitate /diˈkæpiteit/ v. tr.  1  behead (esp. as a form of capital punishment) (尤指作为一种极刑)将…斩首 2  cut the head or end from 杀…的头；将…免职；结束 □ decapitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decapitator  n.  刽子手 [Late Latin decapitare (as DE-, caput -itis ‘head’)]

decapod /ˈdekəpɒd/ n.  1  any crustacean of the chiefly marine order Decapoda, characterized by five pairs of walking legs, e.g. shrimps, crabs, and lobsters (甲壳纲)十足目动物(如虾、蟹或龙虾) 2  any of various cephalopod molluscs having ten tentacles, e.g. squids and cuttlefish (头足纲)十腕亚目动物(如鱿鱼、乌贼) □ decapodan  /diˈkæpəd(ə)n/ adj.   [French décapode, from Greek deka ‘ten’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

decarbonize /di:ˈkɑ:b(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove carbon or carbonaceous deposits from (an internal-combustion engine etc.) 脱去(内燃机等)中的碳(或积碳) □ decarbonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decastyle /ˈdekəstail/ n. & adj. Archit. 【建】  ●n.  a ten-columned portico 十柱式柱廊(或门廊) ●adj.  having ten columns 十柱式的 [Greek dekastulos, from deka ‘ten’ + stulos ‘column’]

decasyllable /ˈdekəˌsiləb(ə)l/ n.  a metrical line of ten syllables 十音节诗行 □ decasyllabic  /-siˈlæbik/ adj. & n.  

decathlon /diˈkæθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic contest in which each competitor takes part in ten different events 十项全能(运动) □ decathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [DECA- + Greek athlon ‘contest’]

decay /diˈkei/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  rot, decompose 腐朽；腐烂b tr.  cause to rot or decompose 使腐朽，使腐烂 2 intr. & tr.  decline or cause to decline in quality, power, wealth, energy, beauty, etc. (在品质、权力、财富、精力、美貌等方面)衰减，衰退 3 intr. Physics 【物理学】  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (of a substance etc.) undergo change by radioactivity (物质等经过放射性)衰变b  undergo a gradual decrease in magnitude of a physical quantity 衰弱 ●n.  1  a rotten or ruinous state; a process of wasting away 腐朽；衰亡；衰微；衰败 2  decline in health, quality, etc. (健康、品质等)衰弱；衰退 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  change into another substance etc. by radioactivity 衰变(成另一物质等)b  a decrease in the magnitude of a physical quantity, esp. the intensity of radiation or amplitude of oscillation (尤指辐射强度或振幅的)衰减 4  decayed tissue 腐烂组织 [Middle English via Old French decair from Romanic (as DE-, Latin cadere ‘fall’)]

decease /diˈsi:s/ n. & v. formal esp. Law [正式] (尤)【法律】  ●n.  death 死亡 ●v. intr.  die 死 [Middle English via Old French deces Latin decessus, from decedere (as DE-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

deceased /diˈsi:st/ adj. & n. formal [正式] ●adj.  dead 已故的 ●n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a person who has died, esp. recently (尤指最近故去的)死者

decedent /diˈsi:d(ə)nt/ n. N. Amer. Law  a deceased person [北美]【法律】死者 [Latin decedere ‘die’: see 见 DECEASE]

deceit /diˈsi:t/ n.  1  the act or process of deceiving or misleading, esp. by concealing the truth (尤指隐瞒真相)欺骗；谎言 2  a dishonest trick or stratagem 诡计；计谋 3  a tendency to deceive or mislead 蒙骗，误导 [Middle English via Old French, past part. of deceveir, used as a noun from Latin decipere ‘deceive’ (as DE-, capere ‘take’)]

deceitful /diˈsi:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) using deceit, esp. habitually (人) (尤指习惯于)欺诈骗人的 2 (of an act, practice, etc.) intended to deceive (言、行等)容易使人误解的；迷惑的 □ deceitfully  adv.  □ deceitfulness  n.  

deceive /diˈsi:v/ v.  1 tr.  make (a person) believe what is false, mislead purposely 欺骗(某人；) 行骗 2 tr.  be unfaithful to, esp. sexually (尤指两性间)不忠；背叛 3 intr.  use deceit 行骗 4 tr. archaic  disappoint (esp. hopes) [古义] (尤指希望)使辜负；使失望；使受挫折 □ be deceived   be mistaken or deluded 受到误解(或迷惑)□ deceive oneself   persist in a mistaken belief 自欺□ deceivable  adj.  □ deceiver  n.   [Middle English from Old French deceivre or deceiv-, stressed stem of deceveir (as DECEIT)]

decelerate /di:ˈseləreit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  begin or cause to begin to reduce speed (使)减速 2 tr.  make slower 减缓  decelerated motion  减速运动 □ deceleration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decelerator  n.  □ decelerometer  /-ˈrɒmitə/ n.   [DE-, on the pattern of ACCELERATE]

December /diˈsembə/ n.  the twelfth month of the year 12 月 [Middle English via Old French decembre from Latin December, from decem ‘ten’: originally the tenth month of the Roman year]

decency /ˈdi:s(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety 合宜；得体；通情达理 2  avoidance of obscenity 正派，庄重；体面 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the requirements of correct behaviour 礼节，礼仪 [Latin decentia from decēre ‘be fitting’]

decennial /diˈseniəl/ adj.  1  lasting ten years 十年间的；持续十年的 2  recurring every ten years 每十年一次的 □ decennially  adv.   [Latin decennis ‘of ten years’, from decem ‘ten’ + annus ‘year’]

decent /ˈdi:s(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  conforming with generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety 合宜的；得体的；适当的；正当的b  avoiding obscenity 正经的；正派的，不猥亵的；端庄的 2  respectable 体面的；大方的 3  acceptable, passable; good enough 过得去的；合意的；尚可的 4 Brit.  kind, obliging, generous [英]和气的；宽宏的；慷慨的  was decent enough to apologize  十分大方地致歉 □ decently  adv.   [French décent, or from Latin decēre ‘be fitting’]

decentralize /di:ˈsentrəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  transfer (powers etc.) from a central to a local authority (权力等)分散 2  reorganize (a centralized institution, organization, etc.) on the basis of greater local autonomy 地方分权；(中央机构、组织等)权力下放 □ decentralist  /-list/ n. & adj.  □ decentralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decentre /di:ˈsentə/ v. tr. (US [美] decenter)  remove the centre from 去掉…的中心

deception /diˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deceiving; the process of being deceived 欺骗；蒙骗 2  a thing that deceives; a trick or sham 欺蒙之物；骗术；假货 [Middle English from Old French or Late Latin deceptio, from decipere (as DECEIT)]

deceptive /diˈseptiv/ adj.  apt to deceive; easily mistaken for something else or as having a different quality 骗人的；容易使人上当的；靠不住的 □ deceptively  adv.  □ deceptiveness  n.   [Old French deceptif -ive or Late Latin deceptivus (as DECEPTION)]

decerebrate /di:ˈseribrət/ adj.  having had the cerebrum removed 去脑的；切除大脑的

deci- /ˈdesi/ comb. form  one-tenth, esp. of a unit in the metric system (decilitre 分升 ; decimetre 分米) [构词成分] (尤指十进位公制单位的)1/10 [Latin decimus ‘tenth’]

decibel /ˈdesibel/ n.  a unit (one-tenth of a bel) used in the comparison of two power levels relating to electrical signals or sound intensities, one of the pair usually being taken as a standard (abbr. 缩略 : dB) 分贝 (1/10 贝尔)

decide /diˈsaid/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, about)  come to a resolution as a result of consideration 拿定主意；选定b tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  have or reach as one's resolution about something 决定；下决心  decided to stay  决定留下 decided that we should leave  决定我们应该离开 2 tr.  a  cause (a person) to reach a resolution 使(某人)作出决定；使下决心  was unsure about going but the weather decided me  去还是不去尚未定局，但天气使我下了决心b  resolve or settle (a question, dispute, etc.) 解决；确定(问题、争执等) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 between, for, against, in favour of, or that + clause)  give a judgement concerning a matter 裁决；判决 □ decidable  adj.   [Middle English from French décider or from Latin decidere (as DE-, caedere ‘cut’)]

decided /diˈsaidid/ adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  definite, unquestionable 明确的；确定的；肯定的  a decided difference  明显的区别 2 (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) having clear opinions, resolute, not vacillating (人，尤指性格)坚决的；果断的，不动摇的 □ decidedness  n.  

decidedly /diˈsaididli/ adv.  undoubtedly, undeniably 果断地；断然

decider /diˈsaidə/ n.  1  a game, race, etc., to decide between competitors finishing equal in a previous contest (游戏、比赛等打成平局之后的)决胜局，决赛 2  any person or thing that decides 决定者；决定物

deciduous /diˈsidjʊəs/ adj.  1 (of a tree) shedding its leaves annually (cf. 参见 EVERGREEN) (树)每年落叶的 2 (of leaves, horns, teeth, etc.) shed periodically (叶、角、齿等)周期性脱落的 3 (of an ant etc.) shedding its wings after copulation (蚂蚁等)交配后脱翅的 4  fleeting, transitory 短暂的，非永久性的 □ deciduousness  n.   [Latin deciduus from decidere, from cadere ‘fall’]

decigram /ˈdesiɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 decigramme)  a metric unit of mass, equal to 0.1 gram 分克(等于 0.1 克)

decile /ˈdesail/ n. Statistics  any of the nine values of a random variable which divide a frequency distribution into ten groups, each containing one-tenth of the total population 【统计学】十分位数(的) [French décile, ultimately from Latin decem ‘ten’]

decilitre /ˈdesili:tə/ n. (US [美] deciliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to 0.1 litre 分升(等于 0.1 升)

decimal /ˈdesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a system of numbers, weights, measures, etc.) based on the number ten, in which the smaller units are related to the principal units as powers of ten (units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.) (数字、重量、计量等单位)十进制的(一、十、百、千等) 2  of tenths or ten; reckoning or proceeding by tens 十分之一的；十的；十进位的 ●n.  a decimal fraction 小数； (尤指小数点右移的)十进小数 □ decimally  adv.   [modern Latin decimalis from Latin decimus ‘tenth’]

decimal fraction n.  a fraction whose denominator is a power of ten, esp. when expressed positionally by units to the right of a decimal point 小数； (尤指小数点右移的)十进小数

decimalize /ˈdesim(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  express as a decimal 采用十进法；采用取十进制 2  convert to a decimal system (esp. of coinage) (尤指货币制度)转换成十进制 □ decimalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decimal place n.  the position of a digit to the right of a decimal point 小数位

decimal point n.  a full point or dot placed before the numerator in a decimal fraction 小数点

decimal scale n.  a scale with successive places denoting units, tens, hundreds, etc. (表示一、十、百、千等的)十进制

decimate /ˈdesimeit/ v. tr.  1 disp.  kill or remove a large proportion of [异议]大批屠杀 2 orig. Mil.  kill or remove one in every ten of (源于)【军】每十杀一 □ decimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ decimator  n.   [Latin decimare ‘take the tenth man’, from decimus ‘tenth’]■Usage 用法说明 Sense 1 is now the usual sense of decimate although it is often deplored as an inappropriate use. This word should not be used to mean ‘defeat utterly’. 尽管当今人们认为 decimate 的释义 1 用法不妥，但仍是该词的常用释义。它不能用来表示 defeat utterly (彻底打败)。 

decimetre /ˈdesimi:tə/ n. (US [美] decimeter)  a metric unit of length, equal to 0.1 metre 分米(等于 0.1 米)

decipher /diˈsaifə/ v. tr.  1  convert (a text written in cipher) into an intelligible script or language 破译(密码等) 2  determine the meaning of (anything obscure or unclear) 解释(难以理解的事物)；辩认(不清楚的字迹) □ decipherable  adj.  □ decipherment  n.  

decision /diˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of deciding 决定 2  a conclusion or resolution reached, esp. as to future action, after consideration (尤指对未来行动所做的)决心  have made my decision  我已下定决心 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the settlement of a question 问题的解决b  a formal judgement 裁决；判决 4  a tendency to decide firmly; resoluteness 决断；果断 [Middle English from Old French decision or Latin decisio (as DECIDE)]

decisive /diˈsaisiv/ adj.  1  that decides an issue; conclusive 决定性的；作出决定的 2 (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) able to decide quickly and effectively (人，尤指性格)果断的；断然的 □ decisively  adv.  □ decisiveness  n.   [French décisif -ive from medieval Latin decisivus (as DECIDE)]

deck /dek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a platform in a ship covering all or part of the hull's area at any level and serving as a floor 甲板；舰板；舱面b  the accommodation on a particular deck of a ship 舰船上的隔舱 2  anything similar to a ship's deck, e.g. the floor or compartment of a bus (类似船甲板的)桥面；码头面板(如公共汽车的)层面(隔间) 3  a component or unit in sound-reproduction equipment that incorporates a playing or recording mechanism for discs, tapes, etc. (录放音响设备中放置磁带的)卡式座；(唱片、碟等的)转盘支托面 4  a N. Amer.  a pack of cards [北美]一副纸牌b US slang  a packet of narcotics [美] [俚语]一包毒品 5 slang  the ground [俚语]地面 6  any floor or platform, esp. the floor of a pier or a platform for sunbathing 任何地板面(或站台、平台) (尤指日光浴平台) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  decorate, adorn 装饰，打扮 2  furnish with or cover as a deck 铺装甲板；铺作甲板 3 slang  knock (a person) to the ground; floor [俚语]将(人)打翻在地 □ below deck (or decks)   in or into the space below the main deck 在主甲板下□ on deck   1  in the open air on a ship's main deck 在甲板上 2 esp. US  ready for action, work, etc. [尤美] (行动、工作等)做好了准备；伺机而动 [Middle English, = covering, from Middle Dutch dec ‘roof, cloak’]

deckchair /ˈdektʃɛə/ n.  a folding chair of wood and canvas, of a kind used on deck on passenger ships (可折叠的帆布)甲板躺椅

-decker /ˈdekə/ comb. form  having a specified number of decks or layers (double-decker 双层结构) [构词成分]有…层甲板的；有…层的

deckhand /ˈdekhænd/ n.  a person employed in cleaning and odd jobs on a ship's deck 舱面水手，普通水手

deckle /ˈdek(ə)l/ n.  a device in a papermaking machine for limiting the size of the sheet (造纸时限定纸张尺寸的)定边装置 [German Deckel, diminutive of Decke ‘cover’]

deckle edge n.  the rough uncut edge formed by a deckle (边缘未经裁切的)毛边 □ deckled-edged  adj.  

deck quoits n. pl.  a game played, esp. on ships, in which rope quoits are aimed at a peg (尤指在船甲板上玩的)套环游戏

deck tennis n.  a game played, esp. on ships, in which a quoit of rope, rubber, etc., is tossed to and fro over a net 甲板“网球”(尤指在船甲板上隔网扔绳环、橡皮圈等的游戏)

declaim /diˈkleim/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  speak or utter rhetorically or affectedly 发表词藻华丽的演说；慷慨陈词 2 intr.  practise oratory or recitation 演讲，朗诵 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  protest forcefully 抗议 4 intr.  deliver an impassioned (rather than reasoned) speech 慷慨激昂(而不是理性)地发表演说 □ declaimer  n.   [Middle English from French déclamer or from Latin declamare (as DE-, CLAIM)]

declamation /dekləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or art of declaiming 雄辩；雄辩术 2  a rhetorical exercise or set speech 修辞辩论(雄辩模式)练习 3  an impassioned speech; a harangue 热情洋溢的演说；高谈阔论 □ declamatory  /diˈklæmət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French déclamation or Latin declamatio (as DECLAIM)]

declarant /diˈklɛər(ə)nt/ n.  a person who makes a legal declaration 声明者；申报者 [French déclarant, part. of déclarer (as DECLARE)]

declaration /dekləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of declaring 宣布，公告 2  a  a formal, emphatic, or deliberate statement or announcement 宣言，宣告b  a statement asserting or protecting a legal right (保护合法权利的)声明 3  a written public announcement of intentions, terms of an agreement, etc. (求婚意图、协议条款等书面)表明 4 Cricket  an act of declaring an innings closed 【板球】宣布结束赛局 5 Cards 【牌】  a  the naming of trumps 宣布王牌b  an announcement of a combination held 摊牌 6 Law 【法律】  a  a plaintiff's statement of claim (原告的)诉词b  an affirmation made instead of taking an oath (未经宣誓的证人的)陈诉 7 (in full 全称 declaration of the poll) Brit.  a public official announcement of the votes cast for candidates in an election [英]选举结果公告(正式宣布选举人得票结果) [Middle English from Latin declaratio (as DECLARE)]

Declaration of Independence n.  a document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed in 1776 (1776 年签署美国脱离大英帝国的)独立宣言

Declaration of Indulgence n.  the proclamation of religious liberties, esp. under Charles II in 1672 and James II in 1687 (尤指 1672 年查理二世和 1687 年詹姆斯二世所颁布的)信教自由令

declarative /diˈklærətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the nature of, or making, a declaration 宣言的；公告的b Gram. (of a sentence) that takes the form of a simple statement 【语法】(句子)陈述的 2 Computing  designating high-level programming languages which can be used to solve problems without requiring the programmer to specify an exact procedure to be followed 【计算】说明的 ●n.  1  a declaratory statement or act 申明 2 Gram.  a declarative sentence 【语法】陈述句 □ declaratively  adv.   [Old French déclaratif -ive or Latin declarativus (as DECLARE)]

declare /diˈklɛə/ v.  1 tr.  announce openly or formally 声明；宣布  declare war  宣战 declare a dividend  宣布发放股息 2 tr.  pronounce (a person or thing) to be something 宣称，声称(某人或某事)为…  declared him to be an impostor  声称他是一名江湖骗子 declared it invalid  宣布其无效 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  assert emphatically; state explicitly 断言；表明 4 tr.  acknowledge possession of (dutiable goods, income, etc.) 申报(纳税物品或收入等) 5 tr. (as 作 declared adj.)  who admits to be such 公开宣称的  a declared atheist  公开表态的无神论者 6 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cricket  close (an innings) voluntarily before all the wickets have fallen 【板球】宣布(一局)结束 7 tr. Cards 【牌】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  name (the trump suit) 宣布(王牌)b  announce that one holds (certain combinations of cards etc.) 摊出(某组合牌等) 8 tr. (of things) make evident, prove (事情)表明  your actions declare your honesty  你的行动表明了你的诚实 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, against)  take the side of one party or another 表态 □ declare oneself   reveal one's intentions or identity 发表意见(或表明态度；) 宣布自己的身份□ well, I declare (or I do declare)   an exclamation of incredulity, surprise, or vexation 嘿，怪了！ (表示怀疑、惊奇、烦恼)□ declarable  adj.  □ declaratory  /-ˈklærət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ declaredly  /-ridli/ adv.  □ declarer  n.   [Middle English from Latin declarare (as DE-, clarare from clarus ‘clear’)]

declass /di:ˈklɑ:s/ v. tr.  remove from one's social class 使丧失原有社会地位

declassify /di:ˈklæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  declare (information etc.) to be no longer secret 撤销(资料等的)密级，给…销密 □ declassification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

declension /diˈklenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Gram. 【语法】  a  the variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified 词形变化；变格b  the class in which a noun etc. is put according to the exact form of this variation (名词等)词性变化相同的一组静词 2  deterioration, declining 恶化；衰退 □ declensional  adj.   [Old French declinaison, from decliner DECLINE, suggested by Latin declinatio: assimilated to ASCENSION etc.]

declination /dekliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a downward bend or turn 下倾，倾斜 2 Astron.  the angular distance of a star etc. north or south of the celestial equator 【天】赤纬(天球赤道和某天体等的角距) 3  the angular deviation of a compass needle from true north 磁偏角(正北极和指南针所形成的偏差) 4 US  a formal refusal [美]正式拒绝 □ declinational  adj.   [Middle English from Latin declinatio (as DECLINE)]

decline /diˈklain/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  deteriorate; lose strength or vigour; decrease 恶化；衰败，衰退；减少 2  a tr.  reply with formal courtesy that one will not accept (an invitation, honour, etc.) 婉辞(邀请、荣誉等)b tr.  refuse, esp. formally and courteously 拒绝； (尤指正式而有礼地)谢绝  declined to be made use of  拒绝被利用 declined doing anything  谢绝做任何事c tr.  turn away from (a challenge, battle, discussion, etc.) 防止；避免(挑战、战斗、争论等)d intr.  give or send a refusal 拒绝；婉辞；谢绝 3 intr.  slope downwards 下倾 4 intr.  bend down, droop 弯曲；下垂 5 tr. Gram.  state the forms of (a noun, pronoun, or adjective) corresponding to cases, number, and gender 【语法】(名词、代词或形容词)发生格、数、性的词尾变化 6 intr. (of a day, life, etc.) draw to a close (一日、生命等)接近结束 7 intr.  decrease in price etc. (价格等)下降；跌价 8 tr.  bend down 使弯曲 ●n.  1  gradual loss of vigour or excellence 下降；减少  on the decline  在衰退中 2  decay, deterioration 衰退；衰落 3  the sun's gradual setting; the last part of the course (of the sun, of life, etc.) (太阳逐渐)落下； (生命等的)最后阶段 4  a fall in price (物价)下跌 5 archaic  tuberculosis or a similar wasting disease [古义] (肺结核类)消耗病 □ declinable  adj.  □ decliner  n.   [Middle English via Old French decliner from Latin declinare (as DE-, clinare ‘bend’)]

declining years n. pl.  old age 晚年

declivity /diˈkliviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a downward slope, esp. a piece of sloping ground 斜坡(尤指一段下坡) □ declivitous  adj.   [Latin declivitas from declivis (as DE-, clivus ‘slope’)]

declutch /di:ˈklʌtʃ/ v. intr.  disengage the clutch of a motor vehicle 分开离合器；(驾驶汽车时)放空档

deco /ˈdekəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Deco) (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  = ART DECO  [French décoratif DECORATIVE]

decoct /diˈkɒkt/ v. tr.  extract the essence from by decoction 熬(汁；) 煎(药) [Middle English from Latin decoquere ‘boil down’]

decoction /diˈkɒkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  concentration of, or extraction of the essence of, a substance by boiling in water etc. (在水等中)煎煮；浓缩 2  the extracted liquor resulting from this 煮出的汁；煎熬的药；煎剂 [Middle English from Old French decoction or Late Latin decoctio (as DE-, Latin coquere coct- ‘boil’)]

decode /di:ˈkəʊd/ v. tr.  convert (a coded message) into intelligible language 解(码；) 译解(密码) □ decodable  adj.  

decoder /di:ˈkəʊdə/ n.  1  a person or thing that decodes 译码员；解码物 2  an electronic device for analysing signals and feeding separate amplifier channels 解码器

decoke v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. tr. /di:ˈkəʊk/  remove carbon or carbonaceous material from (an internal-combustion engine) 给(内燃机)除焦 ●n. /ˈdi:kəʊk/  the process of decoking 除焦(过程)

decollate /di:kəˈleit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  behead 将…斩首；砍…头 2  truncate 截去…的顶端 □ decollation  /di:kəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin decollare decollat- (as DE-, collum ‘neck’)]

decolonize /di:ˈkɒlənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (of a state) withdraw from (a colony), leaving it independent 使(某国)非殖民(地)化 □ decolonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decolorize /di:ˈkʌləraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  remove the colour from 使脱色；将…漂白 2 intr.  lose colour 退色 □ decolorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decommission /di:kəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  close down (a nuclear reactor etc.) 关闭(核反应堆等) 2  take (a ship) out of service 使(军舰)退役

decompose /di:kəmˈpəʊz/ v.  1 intr.  decay, rot; disintegrate, break up 腐烂，变腐败；分解 2 tr.  break down or separate into its elements or simpler constituents; cause to decay or rot 使分解；使腐烂 □ decomposition  /ˌdi:kɒmpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French décomposer (as DE-, COMPOSE)]

decomposer /di:kəmˈpəʊzə/ n.  a thing, esp. a living organism, that performs decomposition 分解体；腐生物；腐生菌(尤指活体生物)

decompress /di:kəmˈpres/ v. tr.  subject to decompression; relieve or reduce the compression on (使)减压； (使)降压

decompression /di:kəmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  release from compression 减压 2  a gradual reduction of air pressure on a person who has been subjected to high pressure (esp. underwater) (尤指水下)逐渐卸压；减压

decompression chamber n.  an enclosed space for subjecting a person to decompression 减压室

decompression sickness n.  a condition caused by too rapid decompression, resulting in the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the tissues, pain, nausea, paralysis, etc. Also called 亦称作 caisson disease, the bends (see 见 BEND1 n. 4) 减压病(器官中出现氮泡，发生疼痛、恶心、瘫痪等)

decompressor /di:kəmˈpresə/ n. Brit.  a device for reducing pressure in the engine of a motor vehicle [英] (汽车引擎的)减压装置

decongestant /di:k(ə)nˈdʒest(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that relieves (esp. nasal) congestion (尤指鼻)减轻充血的 ●n.  a medicinal agent that relieves nasal congestion (鼻)减轻充血药

deconsecrate /di:ˈkɒnsikreit/ v. tr.  transfer (esp. a building) from sacred to secular use 使不圣洁；把(尤指建筑物)改作俗用 □ deconsecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deconstruct /di:k(ə)nˈstrʌkt/ v. tr.  subject to deconstruction 解构；拆析 □ deconstructive  adj.   [back-formation from DECONSTRUCTION]

deconstruction /di:k(ə)nˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  a method of critical analysis of philosophical and literary language (哲学或文学语言中的)解构(法) □ deconstructionism  n.  □ deconstructionist  adj. & n.   [French déconstruction (as DE-, CONSTRUCTION)]

decontaminate /di:k(ə)nˈtæmineit/ v. tr.  remove contamination from (an area, person, clothes, etc.) 给(某地区、某人、衣服等)去污；对…消毒；净化 □ decontamination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decontextualize /di:k(ə)nˈtekstjʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  study or treat in isolation from its context 脱离上下文作研究(或处理) □ decontextualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decontrol /di:k(ə)nˈtrəʊl/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (decontrolled, decontrolling)  release (a commodity etc.) from controls or restrictions, esp. those imposed by the State 解除对(商品等)的控制(尤指国家控制的商品) ●n.  the act of decontrolling 解除控制

decor /ˈdeikɔ:, ˈde-/ n. (also 亦作 décor)  1  the furnishing and decoration of a room etc. (房间等)装饰 2  the decoration and scenery of a stage 舞台布置，布景 [French from décorer (as DECORATE)]

decorate /ˈdekəreit/ v. tr.  1  provide with adornments 装饰 2 esp. Brit.  provide (a room or building) with new paint, wallpaper, etc. [尤英]给房间(或建筑)刷新油漆(或贴新墙纸等) 3  serve as an adornment to (使)成为…的装饰 4  confer an award or distinction on 授勋章给… [Latin decorare decorat- from decus -oris ‘beauty’]

Decorated style n.  the second stage of English Gothic (14th c.), with increasing use of decoration and geometrical tracery 英国哥特式装饰华丽的建筑形式，盛饰建筑形式；有几何图形的花饰窗格

decoration /dekəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or art of decorating 装饰 2  a thing that decorates or serves as an ornament 装饰物 3  a medal etc. conferred and worn as an honour 勋章(奖章等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  flags etc. put up on an occasion of public celebration (公众庆祝活动时张挂的)彩旗(旗帜等) [French décoration or Late Latin decoratio (as DECORATE)]

Decoration Day n. (in the US) Memorial Day (美国)阵亡将士纪念日

decorative /ˈdek(ə)rətiv/ adj.  serving to decorate 装饰性的；作装饰的 □ decoratively  adv.  □ decorativeness  n.   [French décoratif (as DECORATE)]

decorator /ˈdekəreitə/ n.  a person who decorates, esp. Brit. one who paints or papers houses professionally 装饰者；装潢者；[尤英] (房间)油漆工；裱糊匠

decorous /ˈdek(ə)rəs/ adj.  respecting good taste or propriety; dignified 正派得体的；端庄稳重的 □ decorously  adv.  □ decorousness  n.   [Latin decorus ‘seemly’]

decorticate /di:ˈkɔ:tikeit/ v. tr.  1  remove the bark, rind, or husk from 剥去…的外皮；去掉…的外壳 2  remove the outside layer from (the kidney, brain, etc.) 剥除(肾、大脑等)器官的皮质 [Latin decorticare decorticat- (as DE-, cortex -icis ‘bark’)]

decortication /diˌkɔ:tiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the removal of the outside layer from an organ (e.g. the kidney) or structure 剥除(如肾的)皮质 2 Brit.  an operation removing the blood clot and scar tissue formed after bleeding in the chest cavity [英]去皮质术，皮质剥除术

decorum /diˈkɔ:rəm/ n.  1  a  seemliness, propriety 合乎礼仪；品行端正；端庄稳重b  behaviour required by politeness or decency 合乎礼节；正派得体 2  a particular requirement of this kind 合宜；相称；高雅 3  etiquette 礼节；礼仪 [Latin, neut. of decorus ‘seemly’]

decouple /di:ˈkʌp(ə)l/ v. tr.  1 Electr.  make the interaction between (oscillators etc.) so weak that there is little transfer of energy between them 【电】把…去耦；使(振荡器等)退耦 2  separate, disengage, dissociate 使分离；使脱离；拆开

decoy n. & v. ●n. /ˈdi:kɔi, diˈkɔi/  1  a  a person or thing used to lure an animal or person into a trap or danger 骗子；圈套，诱惑物b  a bait or enticement 诱饵；诱惑 2  a pond from which narrow netted channels lead, into which wild duck may be enticed for capture 诱捕野鸭的水塘；诱捕处 ●v. tr. /diˈkɔi, ˈdi:kɔi/ (often foll. by 常后跟 into, out of)  allure or entice, esp. by means of a decoy (尤指利用诱饵)引诱；诱骗 [17th c.: perhaps from Dutch de kooi ‘the decoy’, from de THE + kooi from Latin cavea ‘cage’]

decrease v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈkri:s/  make or become smaller or fewer (使)减少； (使)变小 ●n. /ˈdi:kri:s/  1  the act or an instance of decreasing 减少，变小 2  the amount by which a thing decreases (事物的)减少量 □ decreasingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French de(s)creiss-, present stem of de(s)creistre, ultimately from Latin decrescere (as DE-, crescere cret- ‘grow’)]

decree /diˈkri:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official order issued by a legal authority 法令；政令 2  a judgement or decision of certain law courts, esp. in matrimonial cases (尤指对婚姻案件的)判决 ●v. tr. (decrees, decreed, decreeing)  ordain by decree 颁布命令 [Middle English via Old French decré from Latin decretum, neut. past part. of decernere ‘decide’ (as DE-, cernere ‘sift’)]

decree absolute n. Brit.  a final order for divorce, enabling either party to remarry [英]离婚的最终判决(即离婚的双方均可以再婚)

decree nisi n. Brit.  a provisional order for divorce, made absolute unless cause to the contrary is shown within a fixed period [英]中间裁定(过一定期限后无人提出异议方可生效的离婚判决)

decrement /ˈdekrim(ə)nt/ n.  1 Physics  the ratio of the amplitudes in successive cycles of a damped oscillation 【物理学】衰减率减缩量 2  the amount lost by diminution or waste 缩小(或消耗)量 3  the act of decreasing 减少；减缩 [Latin decrementum (as DECREASE)]

decrepit /diˈkrepit/ adj.  1  weakened or worn out by age and infirmity 衰老的；(身体)虚弱的 2  worn out by long use; dilapidated 磨损的；破旧的；毁坏的；坍塌的 □ decrepitude  n.   [Middle English from Latin decrepitus (as DE-, crepitus, past part. of crepare ‘creak’)]

decrepitate /diˈkrepiteit/ v.  1 tr.  roast or calcine (a mineral or salt) until it stops crackling 把(矿石或盐)煅烧到停止发出噼啪声 2 intr.  crackle under heat 受热后发出噼啪声 □ decrepitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [probably modern Latin decrepitare, from DE- + Latin crepitare ‘crackle’]

decrescendo /di:kriˈʃendəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. (pl. -os)  = DIMINUENDO  [Italian, pres. part. of decrescere DECREASE]

decrescent /diˈkres(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. of the moon) waning, decreasing (通常指月亮)下弦的；渐少的；渐小的 [Latin decrescere: see DECREASE]

decretal /diˈkri:t(ə)l/ n.  1  a papal decree (教皇的)教令 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a collection of these, forming part of canon law 教令集；圣典 [Middle English via medieval Latin decretale from Late Latin (epistola) decretalis ‘(letter) of decree’, from Latin decernere: see DECREE]

decriminalize /di:ˈkrimin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cease to treat (an action etc.) as criminal 使(某行动等)非刑事化(或非罪行化；) 使…合法化 □ decriminalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

decry /diˈkrai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  disparage, belittle 贬低；诋毁 □ decrier  n.   [suggested by French décrier: cf. cry down]

decrypt /di:ˈkript/ v. tr.  decipher (a cryptogram), with or without knowledge of its key 解译，破译(密码电文) □ decryption  n.   [DE- + CRYPTOGRAM]

decumbent /diˈkʌmb(ə)nt/ adj. Bot. & Zool. (of a plant, shoot, or bristles) lying along the ground or a surface 【植】【动】(指植物、嫩枝或刺毛)爬在地上的；横卧的，匍匐的 [Latin decumbere decumbent- ‘lie down’]

decurve /di:ˈkɜ:v/ v. tr. & intr. Zool. & Bot. 【动】【植】 (esp. as 尤作 decurved adj.)  curve or bend down 下曲的；下弯的  a decurved bill  向下弯的鸟嘴 □ decurvature  n.  

decussate adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈkʌsət/  1  X-shaped 交叉成 X 字形(或十字形)的 2 Bot.  with pairs of opposite leaves etc. each at right angles to the pair below 【植】(叶等)交互对生的 ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈkʌseit, ˈdekəseit/  1  arrange or be arranged in a decussate form (使)交叉成 X 形(或十字形) 2  intersect 交错；相交 □ decussation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin decussatus, past part. of decussare ‘divide in a cross shape’, via decussis, = the numeral ten or the shape X, from decem ‘ten’]

dedans /dəˈdã/ n.  1 (in real tennis) the open gallery at the end of the service side of a court (庭院网球球场)发球线后的观众席 2  the spectators watching from this gallery (在看台上观看网球赛的)观众 [French, = inside]

dedicate /ˈdedikeit/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  devote (esp. oneself) to a special task or purpose (尤指自己)献身于 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  address (a book, piece of music, etc.) as a compliment to a friend, patron, etc. (将书、音乐作品等)题献词于(朋友、赞助人等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  devote (a building etc.) to a deity or a sacred person or purpose (将建筑物)奉献(神、圣人等) 4 (as 作 dedicated adj.)  a (of a person) devoted to an aim or vocation; having single-minded loyalty or integrity (人)忠诚的；专心的；虔诚的b (of equipment, esp. a computer) designed for a specific purpose (设备，尤指计算机设备)专用的 □ dedicatedly  adv.  □ dedicatee  /-kəˈti:/ n.  □ dedicative  adj.  □ dedicator  n.  □ dedicatory  adj.   [Latin dedicare (DE-, dicare ‘declare, dedicate’)]

dedication /dediˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dedicating; the process or quality of being dedicated 贡献；奉献；献身 2  the words with which a book etc. is dedicated (书等上的)题献，献词 3  a dedicatory inscription 题字 [Middle English from Old French dedicacion or Latin dedicatio (as DEDICATE)]

deduce /diˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  infer; draw as a logical conclusion 推论；演绎出 2 archaic  trace the course or derivation of [古义]对…追本溯源，追踪来龙去脉 □ deducible  adj.   [Latin deducere (as DE-, ducere duct- ‘lead’)]

deduct /diˈdʌkt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  subtract, take away, withhold (an amount, portion, etc.) 扣除；减去；扣留(一定数量、一部分等) [Latin (as DEDUCE)]

deductible /diˈdʌktib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may be deducted, esp. from tax to be paid or taxable income (尤指从应交税额或收入所得税中)可扣除的，可减免的 ●n. US [美]  = EXCESSn. 6  □ deductibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

deduction /diˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of deducting 减除；扣除b  an amount deducted 扣除量 2  a  the inferring of particular instances from a general law (cf. 参见 INDUCTION) 推论演绎法b  a conclusion deduced 用演绎推得的结论 [Middle English from Old French deduction or Latin deductio (as DEDUCE)]

deductive /diˈdʌktiv/ adj.  of or reasoning by deduction 推论的；演绎的 □ deductively  adv.   [medieval Latin deductivus (as DEDUCE)]

dee /di:/ n.  1  the letter D 字母 D 2  a  a thing shaped like this D 字形b Physics  either of two hollow semicircular electrodes in a cyclotron 【物理学】(在回旋加速器中的) D 字形电极 [the name of the letter]

deed /di:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing done intentionally or consciously (有意做的)事情；作为 2  a brave, skilful, or conspicuous act 事迹；成就；功绩 3  actual fact or performance 行动；行为  kind in word and deed  言行和蔼可亲 in deed and not in name  在事实上而不是名义上 4 Law  a written or printed document often used for a legal transfer of ownership and bearing the disposer's signature 【法律】(具有签字的)契约；证书 ●v. tr. US  convey or transfer by legal deed [美]立契转让(转换) [Old English dēd, from Germanic: related to DO1]

deed-box n.  a strongbox for keeping deeds and other documents 契据文书保险箱

deed of covenant n. Brit.  an agreement to pay a specified amount regularly to a charity etc., enabling the recipient to recover the tax paid by the donor on an equivalent amount of income [英] (向慈善机构等定期捐款的)付款契约；契据

deed poll n. esp. Brit.  a deed made and executed by one party only, esp. to change one's name (the paper being polled or cut even, not indented) [尤英] (尤指更改姓名的)单务契据(契据纸裁切成平边，没有一式两份的骑缝线)

deejay /di:ˈdʒei, ˈdi:dʒei/ n. colloq.  a disc jockey [口]流行音乐唱片节目播音员 [representing the pronunciation of DJ]

deem /di:m/ v. tr. formal  regard, consider, judge [正式]认为；考虑；评价  deem it my duty  认为是我的责任 was deemed sufficient  被认为是足够的 [Old English dēman, from Germanic, related to DOOM]

de-emphasize /di:ˈemfəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  remove emphasis from 使…不重要 2  reduce emphasis on 贬低…的重要性

deemster /ˈdi:mstə/ n.  a judge in the Isle of Man 英国马恩岛法官(两法官之一) [DEEM + -STER]

deep /di:p/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  extending far down from the top 深的；厚的  deep hole  深洞 deep water  深水b  extending far in from the surface or edge 纵深的；宽的；位于深处的  deep wound  深位伤口 deep plunge  深浸，深陷 deep shelf  进深很深的书架 deep border  宽边 2 (用作 predic.)  a  extending to or lying at a specified depth 有…深的  water six feet deep  水深 6 英尺 ankle-deep in mud  泥深过踝b  in a specified number of ranks one behind another 成…排的  soldiers drawn up six deep  士兵按 6 排站队 3  situated far down or back or in 位于深处后部(深远处)的  hands deep in his pockets  他把手深插在口袋里 4  coming or brought from far down or in 来自深处的  deep breath  深呼吸 deep sigh  深深的叹息 5  low-pitched, full-toned, not shrill (声音)深沉的，洪亮的，不尖锐刺耳的  deep voice  嗓音低沉 deep note  低音 deep bell  深沉的钟声 6  intense, vivid, extreme 强烈的；浓(或深)的；极度的  deep disgrace  极大的羞辱 deep sleep  酣睡 deep colour  深色 deep secret  深藏的秘密 7  heartfelt, absorbing 衷心的；深切的；引人入胜的  deep affection  深情 deep feelings  深厚的感情 deep interest  浓厚的兴趣 8 (作 predic.)  fully absorbed or overwhelmed 全神贯注的，专心的；深陷于的  deep in a book  在专心读一本书 deep in debt  债台高筑 9  profound, penetrating, not superficial; difficult to understand 深奥的；深刻的；难解的  deep thinker  哲学家 deep thought  深邃的思想 deep insight  深刻的见识 deep learning  深奥的学问 10 Cricket  distant from the batsman 【板球】远离接球区的，内场区的  deep mid-off  远离投手左侧的外场员位置 11 Football  distant from the front line of one's team 【足球】靠近对方端线的 12 colloq.  cunning or secretive [口]狡猾的；诡秘的  a deep one  狡诈的人 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the) poet.  the sea [诗]大海；海洋 2  a deep part of the sea 深海 3  an abyss, pit, or cavity 深渊；深坑；深穴 4 (prec. by 前接 the) Cricket  the position of a fielder distant from the batsman 【板球】(远离接球手的)内场区 5  a deep state 深处；深部  deep of the night  深夜 6 poet.  a mysterious region of thought or feeling [诗]思想(或内心)深处 ●adv.  1  deeply; far down or in 深深地；在(至)深处  dig deep  深挖 read deep into the night  读至深夜 2 Sport  distant from the batsman or other focus of play 【运动】在内场区 □ go off (or go in off) the deep end  colloq.  give way to anger or emotion [口]勃然大怒，变得异常激动□ in deep water (or waters)   in trouble or difficulty 陷于危境(或困境)中□ jump (or be thrown) in at the deep end   face a difficult problem, undertaking, etc., with little experience of it 贸然行事；介入自己并不了解的事(任务等)□ deeply  adv.  □ deepness  n.   [Old English dēop (adj.), dīope, dēope (adv.), from Germanic: related to DIP]

deep breathing n.  breathing with long breaths, esp. as a form of exercise 深呼吸(尤指作为一种锻炼)

deep-drawn adj. (of metal etc.) shaped by forcing through a die when cold (金属等) (通过冲模)冷轧成型的，深冲的

deepen /ˈdi:p(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become deep or deeper (使)加深； (使)深化

deep-freeze n. & v. ●n.  1  a refrigerator in which food can be quickly frozen and kept for long periods at a very low temperature 深冻冰箱(冰箱中食品能迅速冷冻以便长时期保持) 2  a suspension of activity 中止，暂时停止 ●v. tr. (-froze, -frozen)  freeze or store (food) in a deep-freeze 使(食物在冰箱里)深冻存储(或冷藏)

deep-fry v. tr. (-fries, -fried)  fry (food) in an amount of fat or oil sufficient to cover it (食物)油炸

deep kiss n.  a kiss with contact between tongues 深吻；(把舌头深入对方口中的)法式接吻

deep-laid adj. (of a scheme) secret and elaborate (阴谋)秘密策划的；处心积虑炮制的

deep mourning n.  mourning expressed by wearing only black clothes (黑色)重孝丧服

deep-mouthed adj. (esp. of a dog) having a deep voice (尤指狗)叫声深沉洪亮的

deep-rooted adj. (esp. of convictions) firmly established (尤指信仰)根深蒂固的

deep sea n.  the deeper parts of the ocean 深海 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : deep-sea diving  深海潜水

deep-seated adj. (of emotion, disease, etc.) firmly established, profound (感情)牢固的； (疾病等)深层(或深位)的；根深蒂固的

Deep South n.  the south-eastern region of the US regarded as embodying traditional southern culture and traditions (美国的)南方腹地(被认为最能体现南方文化特点和传统的地区)

deep space n.  the regions beyond the solar system or the earth's atmosphere (太阳系以外的)外层空间，太空

deep therapy n.  curative treatment with shortwave X-rays of high penetrating power 深部放射疗法

deer /diə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any hoofed grazing or browsing animal of the family Cervidae, the males of which usu. have deciduous branching antlers 鹿(鹿科，通常雄性有角，分叉，每年脱落一次) [Old English dēor ‘animal, deer’]

deer fly n.  any bloodsucking fly of the genus Chrysops 鹿虻

deer forest n.  an extensive area of wild land reserved for the stalking of deer 鹿苑

deerhound /ˈdiəhaʊnd/ n.  a large rough-haired greyhound 猎鹿犬

deer-lick n.  a spring or damp spot impregnated with salt etc. where deer come to lick (鹿常去舔盐分的)盐碱地，盐沼

deer mouse n.  a mouse of the American genus Peromyscus, esp. P. maniculatus 布拉拉多白足鼠

deerskin /ˈdiəskin/ n. & adj. ●n.  leather from a deer's skin 鹿皮 ●adj.  made from a deer's skin 鹿皮的

deerstalker /ˈdiəstɔ:kə/ n.  1  a soft cloth cap with peaks in front and behind and ear-flaps often joined at the top 猎鹿帽 2 Brit.  a person who stalks deer [英]猎鹿人

de-escalate /di:ˈeskəleit/ v. tr.  reduce the level or intensity of (水平、强度)使降级；缩小；减少 □ de-escalation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

def /def/ adj. esp. US slang  excellent [尤美] [俚语]极好的；卓越的；优秀的 [corruption of DEATH or shortened from DEFINITIVE]

deface /diˈfeis/ v. tr.  1  spoil the appearance of; disfigure 损伤…的外观；使变丑 2  make illegible 使难以辨认 □ defaceable  adj.  □ defacement  n.  □ defacer  n.   [Middle English via French défacer from Old French desfacier (as DE-, FACE)]

de facto /dei ˈfæktəʊ, di:/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  in fact, whether by right or not (不论合法与否)事实上；实际上 ●adj.  that exists or is such in fact 实际存在的；事实上的  a de facto ruler  实际上的统治者 [Latin]

defalcate /ˈdi:fælkeit/ v. intr. formal  misappropriate property in one's charge, esp. money [正式]盗用公款；侵吞公款(尤指钱财) □ defalcator  n.   [medieval Latin defalcare ‘lop’ (as DE-, Latin falx -cis ‘sickle’)]

defalcation /di:fælˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1 Law 【法律】  a  a misappropriation of money 盗用公款b  an amount misappropriated 盗用公款额 2  a shortcoming 缺点；短处 3  defection 不履行(义务) [Middle English from medieval Latin defalcatio (as DEFALCATE)]

defame /diˈfeim/ v. tr.  attack the good reputation of; speak ill of 诽谤；中伤，说坏话 □ defamation  /defəˈmeiʃ(ə)n, di:f-/ n.  □ defamatory  /diˈfæmət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ defamer  n.   [Middle English via Old French diffamer etc. from Latin diffamare ‘spread evil report’ (as DIS-, fama ‘report’)]

defat /di:ˈfæt/ v. tr. (defatted, defatting)  remove fat or fats from 使脱脂，去除…的脂肪

default /diˈfɔ:lt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  failure to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money, appear in a law court, etc. 违约(尤指未履行偿还借款、未到庭等) 2  lack, absence 欠缺；缺乏；缺少 3  a pre-selected option adopted by a computer program when no alternative is specified by the user or programmer 默认；系统设定值 ●v.  1 intr.  fail to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money or to appear in a law court 违约(尤指未履行债务或出庭) 2 tr.  declare (a party) in default and give judgement against that party 宣布(一方)未到庭(并作出不利于该方的缺席判决) □ by default   1  because of inaction 懒散；懈怠；疏忽 2  because of a lack of opposition 缺席；弃权□ go by default   fail by default 因疏忽而致丧失□ in default of   because of the absence of 若…没有时；若…缺少时 [Middle English via Old French defaut(e), from defaillir ‘fail’, from Romanic (as DE-, Latin fallere ‘deceive’): cf. FAIL]

defaulter /diˈfɔ:ltə/ n.  a person who defaults, esp. Brit. a soldier guilty of a military offence 违约者；[尤英]违反军规者

defeasance /diˈfi:z(ə)ns/ n.  the act or process of rendering null and void 作废；废止 [Middle English from Old French defesance, from de(s) faire ‘undo’ (as DE-, faire ‘make’ from Latin facere)]

defeasible /diˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of annulment 可废止的 2  liable to forfeiture 可宣告无效的 □ defeasibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ defeasibly  adv.   [Anglo-French (as DEFEASANCE)]

defeat /diˈfi:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  overcome in a battle or other contest 击败；打败 2  frustrate, baffle 阻挠；挫败 3  reject (a motion etc.) by voting (通过投票)否决(动议等) 4 Law  annul 【法律】废除；取消；使无效 ●n.  the act or an instance of defeating or being defeated 击败(或失败) [Middle English via Old French deffait, desfait, past part. of desfaire, from medieval Latin disfacere (as DIS-, Latin facere ‘do’)]

defeatism /diˈfi:tiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an excessive readiness to accept defeat 失败主义 2  conduct conducive to this 导致失败的行为 □ defeatist  n. & adj.   [French défaitisme from défaite DEFEAT]

defecate /ˈdefikeit, ˈdi:f-/ v. intr.  discharge faeces from the body 排粪，通大便 □ defecation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [earlier as adj., = purified, from Latin defaecare (as DE-, faex faecis ‘dregs’)]

defect n. & v. ●n. /ˈdi:fekt, diˈfekt/  1  lack of something essential or required; imperfection 弱点；过失 2  a shortcoming or failing 缺点；缺陷；失误 3  a blemish 污点；瑕疵 4  the amount by which a thing falls short 欠缺量 ●v. intr. /diˈfekt/  abandon one's country, cause, etc. in favour of another 逃跑；背叛；叛变(国家、事业等) □ defector  n.   [Latin defectus from deficere ‘desert, fail’ (as DE-, facere ‘do’)]

defection /diˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the abandonment of one's country, cause, etc. for another (对国家、事业等的)背叛 [Latin defectio (as DEFECT)]

defective /diˈfektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having a defect or defects; incomplete, imperfect, faulty 有缺陷的；不完整的；不完全的；有过失的 2 archaic or offens.  mentally handicapped [古义] [冒犯]有精神障碍的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  lacking, deficient 缺少的；不足的 4 Gram.  not having all the usual inflections 【语法】不完全变化的；变形不全的 ●n. archaic or offens.  a mentally handicapped person [古义] [冒犯]智力缺陷的人 □ defectively  adv.  □ defectiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French defectif -ive or Late Latin defectivus (as DEFECT)]

defence /diˈfens/ n. (US [美] defense)  1  the act of defending from or resisting attack 防卫，防御，保护 2  a  a means of resisting attack 防御手段b  a thing that protects 防御物，保护物c  the military resources of a country 国家的军事力量 3 (in pl. 用复数)  fortifications 防御工事 4  a  justification, vindication 辩护；辩明b  a speech or piece of writing used to this end 答辩；抗辩 5  a  the defendant's case in a lawsuit 被告方b  the counsel for the defendant 被告的法律顾问 6  a  the action or role of defending one's goal etc. against attack 防守(大门等)；防守方法b  the players in a team who perform this role 防守队员 □ defenceless  adj.  □ defencelessly  adv.  □ defencelessness  n.   [Middle English via Old French defens(e) from Late Latin defensum, -a, past part. of defendere: see DEFEND]

defenceman /diˈfensmən/ n. (US [美] defenseman) (pl. -men) (in ice hockey and lacrosse) a player in a defensive position (冰球或长曲棍球戏中的)防守队员

defence mechanism n.  1  the body's reaction against disease organisms 防御机理；防卫机理 2  a usu. unconscious mental process to avoid conscious conflict or anxiety (通常指无意识的)防卫机制

defend /diˈfend/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, from)  resist an attack made on; protect (a person or thing) from harm or danger 防守；抵御(某人、某物) 2  support or uphold by argument; speak or write in favour of 答辩，抗辩 3  conduct the case for (a defendant in a lawsuit) (为诉讼中的被告)辩护 4  compete to retain (a title) in a contest (在竞赛中)保卫(某称号)，卫冕 5 absol. (in various sports and games) try to prevent the opposition scoring goals, points, etc.; resist attacks [含宾] (在各项运动或游戏中) (不使对方破门、得分等)防守 □ defendable  adj.  □ defender  n.   [Middle English via Old French defendre from Latin defendere: cf. OFFEND]

defendant /diˈfend(ə)nt/ n.  a person etc. sued or accused in a court of law 被告(被告人等) [Middle English from Old French, part. of defendre: see DEFEND]

defenestration /ˌdi:feniˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal or joc.  the action of throwing (esp. a person) out of a window [正式] [诙] (尤指将人)抛出窗外 □ defenestrate  /di:ˈfenistreit/ v. tr.   [modern Latin defenestratio (as DE-, Latin fenestra ‘window’)]

defense US var.  of DEFENCE [美] DEFENCE 的变体

defenseman US var.  of DEFENCEMAN [美] DEFENCEMAN 的变体

defensible /diˈfensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  justifiable; supportable by argument 能辩解的；可辩护的 2  that can be easily defended militarily (军事上)容易防卫的 □ defensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ defensibly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin defensibilis (as DEFEND)]

defensive /diˈfensiv/ adj.  1  done or intended for defence or to defend 防御的；保卫的；保护的 2 (of a person or attitude) concerned to challenge criticism (人或态度)辩护的；自卫的 □ on the defensive   1  expecting criticism 等待批评 2  in an attitude or position of defence 处于防御姿态；处于守势□ defensively  adv.  □ defensiveness  n.   [Middle English via French défensif -ive from medieval Latin defensivus (as DEFEND)]

defensive end n. Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  either of the two defensive players who line up next to the nose tackle 紧挨鼻卫的防守队员

defer1 /diˈfɜ:/ v. tr. (deferred, deferring)  1  put off to a later time; postpone 使拖延；使推迟 2 US  postpone the conscription of (a person) [美]使(某人)缓期服兵役 □ deferment  n.  □ deferrable  adj.  □ deferral  n.   [Middle English, originally the same as DIFFER]

defer2 /diˈfɜ:/ v. intr. (deferred, deferring) (foll. by 后跟 to)  yield or make concessions in opinion or action 遵从；听从；服从 □ deferrer  n.   [Middle English via French déférer from Latin deferre (as DE-, ferre ‘bring’)]

deference /ˈdef(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  courteous regard, respect 尊重；敬重 2  compliance with the advice or wishes of another 遵从；听从；服从  pay deference to  听从… □ in deference to   out of respect for 遵从；有鉴于(或考虑到)… [French déférence (as DEFER2)]

deferential /defəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  showing deference; respectful 恭敬的；恭顺的 □ deferentially  adv.   [DEFERENCE, after PRUDENTIAL etc.]

deferred payment n.  payment by instalments 延期付款；分期付款

defiance /diˈfaiəns/ n.  1  open disobedience; bold resistance (公然)蔑视；违抗 2  a challenge to fight or maintain a cause, assertion, etc. (向某事业、主张等)挑战，挑衅 □ in defiance of   disregarding; in conflict with 无视；不顾；违抗 [Middle English from Old French (as DEFY)]

defiant /diˈfaiənt/ adj.  1  showing defiance 挑战的；挑衅的 2  openly disobedient (公然)违抗的 □ defiantly  adv.  

defibrillation /ˌdi:fibriˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  the stopping of the fibrillation of the heart 【医】(尤指使用电击方法的)心脏除颤，心脏去颤 □ defibrillator  /di:ˈfibrileitə/ n.  

deficiency /diˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being deficient 缺点，缺陷 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a lack or shortage 缺乏；不足 3  a thing lacking 缺少物 4  the amount by which a thing, esp. revenue, falls short (尤指收入)不足之数量；亏短的数额

deficiency disease n.  a disease caused by the lack of some essential or important element in the diet 营养缺乏病

deficient /diˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  incomplete; not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient 不完全的；有缺陷的；不足的，缺乏的 2  insufficient in quantity, force, etc. (数量、力量等)缺少的 3 (in full 全称 mentally deficient) archaic or offens.  having a mental handicap [古义] [冒犯]痴呆的 □ deficiently  adv.   [Latin deficiens, part. of deficere (as DEFECT)]

deficit /ˈdefisit, ˈdi:-/ n.  1  the amount by which a thing (esp. a sum of money) is too small (尤指钱数)缺乏，不足；不足额 2  an excess of liabilities over assets in a given period, esp. a financial year (opp. 反义 SURPLUS n. 2a) (尤指财政年的)赤字；逆差 [French déficit from Latin deficit, 3rd sing. present of deficere (as DEFECT)]

deficit financing n.  financing of (esp. state) spending by borrowing (尤指国家)赤字财政

deficit spending n.  spending (esp. by the State), financed by borrowing (尤指国家的)赤字开支

defier /diˈfaiə/ n.  a person who defies 挑战者；违抗者

defilade /defiˈleid/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  secure (a fortification) against enfilading fire 遮蔽(防御工事) ●n.  this precaution or arrangement 遮蔽 [DEFILE2 + -ADE1]

defile1 /diˈfail/ v. tr.  1  make dirty; pollute, befoul 弄脏；污染；使污 2  corrupt 败坏；腐蚀 3  desecrate, profane 亵渎；糟蹋 4 euphem.  deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity; rape [婉]夺去(尤指妇女)贞洁；强奸 5  make ceremonially unclean 玷污 □ defilement  n.  □ defiler  n.   [Middle English defoul from Old French defouler ‘trample down, outrage’ (as DE-, fouler ‘tread, trample’), influenced by obsolete befile from Old English befyˉlan (BE-, fūl FOUL)]

defile2 /diˈfail/ n. & v. ●n. /also 亦作 ˈdi:fail/  1  a narrow way through which troops can march only in file (部队只能单列行进的)隘路 2  a gorge 峡道 ●v. intr.  march in file 以单列行进 [French défiler and défilé, past part. (as DE-, FILE2)]

define /diˈfain/ v. tr.  1  give the exact meaning of (a word etc.) 给(某词语等)下定义 2  describe or explain the scope of 描述(或解释)…的范围  define one's position  明确某人的立场 3  make clear, esp. in outline (尤指用提纲)使清晰  well-defined image  清晰的图像 4  mark out the boundary or limits of 限定，确定…的界线 5 (of properties) make up the total character of 为(或是)…的特征(特性) □ definable  adj.  □ definer  n.   [Middle English from Old French definer, ultimately from Latin definire (as DE-, finire ‘finish’, from finis ‘end’)]

definite /ˈdefinit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having exact and discernible limits 确切的，明确的 2  clear and distinct; not vague 清楚的；明显的 3  certain, sure 一定的；肯定的  a definite offer  明确的报价 are you definite he was there?  你肯定他在那儿吗？ ●n.  a definite thing, esp. Gram. a noun denoting a definite thing or object 限定物 【语法】限定名词 □ definiteness  n.   [Latin definitus, past part. of definire (as DEFINE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEFINITIVE. 见 DEFINITIVE 的用法说明。 

definite article n. Gram.  the word (the in English) preceding a noun and implying a specific or known instance 【语法】定冠词(英语中为 the)  as in 如 the book on the table  桌上的书 the art of government  管理艺术 the famous public school in Berkshire  伯克郡那所著名的私立寄宿学校

definite integral n. Math.  an integral expressed as the difference between the values of the integral at specified upper and lower limits of the independent variable 【数】定积分

definitely /ˈdefinitli/ adv. & int. ●adv.  1  in a definite manner 明确地，确切地 2  certainly; without doubt 肯定；无疑  they were definitely there  他们肯定在那儿 ●int. colloq.  yes, certainly [口]是，是的，一定

definition /defiˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of defining 限定，界定b  a statement of the meaning of a word or the nature of a thing 定义，界说 2  a  the degree of distinctness in outline of an object or image (esp. of an image produced by a lens or shown in a photograph or on a cinema or television screen) (物体轮廓或图像的)清晰度(尤指通过透镜或相片、电影、电视屏幕上图像的清晰度)b  making or being distinct in outline (轮廓)清晰 □ definitional  adj.  □ definitionally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin definitio (as DEFINE)]

definitive /diˈfinitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an answer, treaty, verdict, etc.) decisive, unconditional, final (答复、条约、裁定等)明确的；无条件的；最后的 2 (of an edition of a book etc.) most authoritative (书等的版本)权威的 3 (of a postage stamp) for permanent use, not special or commemorative etc. (邮票)普通的(有别于特种邮票和纪念邮票等) ●n.  a definitive postage stamp 普通邮票 □ definitively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French definitif -ive from Latin definitivus (as DEFINE)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, definitive is often confused with definite, which does not have connotations of authority and conclusiveness: a definite no is a firm refusal, whereas a definitive no is an authoritative judgement or decision that something is not the case. 释义 1 中的 definitive 和 definite 经常被人弄错。 definite 没有“权威”或“结论”的含义。 a definite no 是一个肯定的拒绝，而 a definitive no 却是一种权威性的判断或界定，意思是“绝不是那回事”。 

deflagrate /ˈdefləɡreit/ v. tr. & intr.  burn away with sudden flame (使)迅速燃烧；暴烧 □ deflagration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deflagrator  n.   [Latin deflagrare (as DE-, flagrare ‘blaze’)]

deflate /diˈfleit/ v.  1  a tr.  let air or gas out of (a tyre, balloon, etc.) 给(轮胎、气球等)放气b intr.  be emptied of air or gas 抽去空气(或气体) 2  a tr.  cause to lose confidence or conceit (使)泄气；挫掉傲气b intr.  lose confidence 泄气 3 Econ. 【经】  a tr.  subject (a currency or economy) to deflation 使(通货、经济)紧缩b intr.  pursue a policy of deflation 实行金融紧缩政策 4 tr.  reduce the importance of, depreciate 降低…的重要性；使贬值 □ deflator  n.   [DE- + INFLATE]

deflation /diˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of deflating or being deflated 放气，抽气 2 Econ.  reduction of the amount of money in circulation to increase its value as a measure against inflation 【经】通货紧缩 3 Geol.  the removal of particles of rock etc. by the wind 【地质】风蚀，吹蚀(岩石粒等) □ deflationary  adj.  □ deflationist  n. & adj.  

deflect /diˈflekt/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bend or turn aside from a straight course or intended purpose (使)弯曲 , (使)偏斜 , (使)偏转 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a tr.  cause to deviate 使偏移，使转向b intr.  deviate 偏离，背离 [Latin deflectere (as DE-, flectere flex- ‘bend’)]

deflection /diˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 deflexion)  1  the act or process of deflecting or being deflected 偏斜；偏转 2  a lateral bend or turn; a deviation 横向弯曲；转向；偏差 3 Physics  the displacement of a pointer on an instrument from its zero position 【物理学】偏转(仪器的指针未归位) [Late Latin deflexio (as DEFLECT)]

deflector /diˈflektə/ n.  a thing that deflects, esp. a device for deflecting a flow of air etc. (空气等流动的)导向装置；致偏器

defloration /di:flɔ:ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  deflowering 摧花，奸污(处女) [Middle English from Old French or from Late Latin defloratio (as DEFLOWER)]

deflower /di:ˈflaʊə/ v. tr.  1  deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity 摧花；夺去(尤指妇女的)贞洁 2  ravage, spoil 毁坏；糟蹋 3  strip of flowers 摘…的花 [Middle English from Old French deflourer, des-, ultimately from Late Latin deflorare (as DE-, Latin flos floris ‘flower’)]

defocus /di:ˈfəʊkəs/ v. tr. & intr. (defocused, defocusing or defocussed, defocussing)  put or go out of focus (使)去焦

defoliate /di:ˈfəʊlieit/ v. tr.  remove leaves from, esp. as a military tactic (使)落叶(尤指作为一种军事策略) □ defoliant  n. & adj.  □ defoliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ defoliator  n.   [Late Latin defoliare, from folium ‘leaf’]

deforest /di:ˈfɒrist/ v. tr.  clear of forests or trees 采伐森林，清除树木 □ deforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deform /diˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 tr.  make ugly, deface 使变丑陋，毁损 2 tr.  put out of shape, misshape 使变形，使成畸形 3 intr.  undergo deformation; be deformed 变形，变畸形 □ deformable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French deformer etc. from medieval Latin difformare, ultimately from Latin deformare (as DE-, formare from forma ‘shape’)]

deformation /di:fɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disfigurement 变形，毁损 2 Physics 【物理学】  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  change in shape 变形b  a quantity representing the amount of this change 变量 3  an altered form of a word (e.g. dang for damn 如 damn 的变化形式是 dang) 词的变化形式 □ deformational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French deformation or Latin deformatio (as DEFORM)]

deformed /diˈfɔ:md/ adj. (of a person or limb) misshapen (人或肢体)畸形的，奇怪形状的

deformity /diˈfɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being deformed; ugliness, disfigurement 残缺；丑陋；缺陷； (尤指身体、肢体)畸形 2  a malformation, esp. of body or limb 畸形 3  a moral defect; depravity 道德过失；堕落 [Middle English via Old French deformité etc. from Latin deformitas -tatis, from deformis (as DE-, forma ‘shape’)]

defraud /diˈfrɔ:d/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  cheat by fraud 骗取；诈取 □ defrauder  n.   [Middle English from Old French defrauder or Latin defraudare (as DE-, FRAUD)]

defray /diˈfrei/ v. tr.  provide money to pay (a cost or expense) 支付(费用或开支) □ defrayable  adj.  □ defrayal  n.  □ defrayment  n.   [French défrayer (as DE-, obsolete frai(t) ‘cost’, from medieval Latin fredum, -us ‘fine for breach of the peace’)]

defrock /di:ˈfrɒk/ v. tr.  deprive (a person, esp. a priest) of ecclesiastical status 解除(某人、尤指牧师的)圣职 [French défroquer (as DE-, FROCK)]

defrost /di:ˈfrɒst/ v.  1 tr.  a  free (the interior of a refrigerator) of excess frost, usu. by turning it off for a period (通常关机一段时间)给(冰箱)除霜b  remove frost or ice from (esp. the windscreen of a motor vehicle) 刮去(尤指汽车挡风玻璃上的)霜(或冰) 2 tr.  unfreeze (frozen food) 解冻(冷冻食品) 3 intr.  become unfrozen 化冻 □ defroster  n.  

deft /deft/ adj.  neatly skilful or dexterous; adroit 敏捷的，熟练的；灵巧的 □ deftly  adv.  □ deftness  n.   [Middle English, variant of DAFT in obsolete sense ‘meek’]

defunct /diˈfʌŋ(k)t/ adj.  1  no longer existing 不再存在的 2  no longer used or in fashion 不再使用的，过时的 3  dead or extinct 死了的；灭绝的 [Latin defunctus ‘dead’, past part. of defungi (as DE-, fungi ‘perform’)]

defuse /di:ˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1  remove the fuse from (an explosive device) 去掉(爆炸装置)的雷管，拆掉引信 2  reduce the tension or potential danger in (a crisis, difficulty, etc.) 缓和，平息(危机、困难等)

defy /diˈfai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  resist openly; refuse to obey 公然反抗；拒绝服从 2 (of a thing) present insuperable obstacles to 使成为不可能  defies solution  难以解决 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  challenge (a person) to do or prove something 向(某人)挑战；向…叫阵 4 archaic  challenge to combat [古义]激…进行格斗 [Middle English via Old French defier from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin fidus ‘faithful’)]

deg. abbr. [缩略]  degree 

degas /di:ˈɡæs/ v. tr. (degassed, degassing)  remove unwanted gas from 给…除气；去除…的毒气

degauss /di:ˈɡaʊs/ v. tr.  neutralize the magnetism in (a thing) by encircling it with a current-carrying conductor 给(某物)消磁，去磁 □ degausser  n.   [DE- + GAUSS]

degenerate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /diˈdʒen(ə)rət/  1  having lost the qualities that are normal and desirable or proper to its kind; fallen from former excellence 衰退；退化；堕落；变坏 2 Biol.  having a simplified structure 【生】退化 ●n. /diˈdʒen(ə)rət/  a degenerate person or animal 退化的人(或动物) ●v. intr. /diˈdʒenəreit/  become degenerate 退化 □ degeneracy  n.  □ degenerately  adv.   [Latin degeneratus, past part. of degenerare (as DE-, genus -eris ‘race’)]

degeneration /diˌdʒenəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of becoming degenerate 衰退；退化；堕落；恶化b  the state of being degenerate 倒退 2 Med.  morbid deterioration of tissue or change in its structure 【医】变性组织病理性退化(或结构变化) [Middle English from French dégéneration or from Late Latin degeneratio (as DEGENERATE)]

degenerative /diˈdʒen(ə)rətiv/ adj.  1  of or tending to degeneration 衰退的；退化的；变性的 2 (of disease) characterized by progressive often irreversible deterioration (疾病)恶化的

degrade /diˈɡreid/ v.  1 tr.  reduce to a lower rank, esp. as a punishment (尤指作为一种惩罚)降级 2 tr.  bring into dishonour or contempt 使屈辱；使堕落 3  lower in character or quality; debase 使退化；使降低，使贬低  degraded water quality  水质下降 4 tr. Chem.  reduce to a simpler molecular structure 【化】使降解(退化到更简单的分子结构) 5 tr. Physics  reduce (energy) to a less convertible form 【物理学】使(能量)降级；使衰变；使软化 6 tr. Geol.  wear down (rocks etc.) by disintegration 【地质】(岩石等因侵蚀)使陵削，使减削 7 intr.  degenerate 退化；堕落 8 intr. Chem.  disintegrate 【化】分解 □ degradable  adj.  □ degradability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ degradation  /deɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ degradative  /-dətiv/ adj.  □ degrader  n.   [Middle English via Old French degrader from ecclesiastical Latin degradare (as DE-, Latin gradus ‘step’)]

degrading /diˈɡreidiŋ/ adj.  humiliating; causing a loss of self-respect 降低身份的，丧失体面的；不名誉的 □ degradingly  adv.  

degrease /di:ˈɡri:s/ v. tr.  remove unwanted grease or fat from 使…脱脂；去除…的油垢 □ degreaser  n.  

degree /diˈɡri:/ n.  1  a stage in an ascending or descending scale, series, or process 程度，等级，阶段 2  a stage in intensity or amount 度数；轻重，量  to a high degree  很大程度上 in some degree  有几分 3  relative condition 方式；方面  each is good in its degree  各有所长 4 Math.  a unit of measurement of angles, one-ninetieth of a right angle or the angle subtended by one-three-hundred-and-sixtieth of the circumference of a circle (symbol ° as in 45°) 【数】(角度的测量单位)度(如 45° 中的“ ° ”) 5 Physics  a unit in a scale of temperature, hardness, etc. (abbr. 缩略 : deg.) (or omitted in the Kelvin scale of temperature 开氏温标不用) 【物理学】(温度、硬度等刻度单位)度，度数 6 Med.  each of a set of grades (usu. three) used to classify burns according to their severity 【医】烧伤度(通常有 3 级) often 常作 attrib.: third-degree burns  三度烧伤 7  an academic rank conferred by a college or university after examination or after completion of a course, or conferred as an honour on a distinguished person (学院、大学的)学位，学衔 8  a grade of crime or criminality (罪行的)轻重程度  murder in the first degree  一级谋杀罪 9  a step in direct genealogical descent 亲等 10  social or official rank 社会等级(或官阶) 11 Math.  the highest power of unknowns or variables in an equation etc. (equation of the third degree) 【数】(在方程等中的)次，幂 12  a masonic rank (共济会成员的)等级 13  a thing placed like a step in a series; a tier or row 级 14 Mus.  the classification of a note by its position in the scale 【音】(音阶上的)音级 □ by degrees   a little at a time; gradually 逐渐地□ to a degree  colloq.  considerably [口]在相当程度上；有点□ degreeless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French degré from Romanic (as DE-, Latin gradus ‘step’)]

degree of freedom n.  1 Physics  the independent direction in which motion can occur 【物理学】自由度 2 Chem.  the number of independent factors required to specify a system at equilibrium 【化】自由度 3 Statistics  the number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution 【统计学】自由度

degrees of comparison  see 见 COMPARISON 

degressive /diˈɡresiv/ adj.  1 (of taxation) at successively lower rates on low amounts (税)递减的 2  reducing in amount 下降的 [Latin degredi (as DE-, gradi ‘walk’)]

de haut en bas /də ˌəʊt ɒ˜ ˈbɑ:, 法 də ot ɑ˜ bɑ/ adv.  in a condescending or superior manner 屈尊地；傲慢地 [French, = from above to below]

dehisce /diˈhis/ v. intr.  gape or burst open (esp. of a pod or seed vessel or of a cut or wound) (尤指豆荚、种皮或刀口、伤口)开裂，裂开 □ dehiscence  n.  □ dehiscent  adj.   [Latin dehiscere (as DE-, hiscere inceptive of hiare ‘gape’)]

dehorn /di:ˈhɔ:n/ v. tr.  remove the horns from (an animal) 切去(动物的)角

dehumanize /di:ˈhju:mənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  deprive of human characteristics 使失去人性 2  make impersonal or machine-like 使非人化；使(机器一样地)无人性 □ dehumanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dehumidify /di:hju:ˈmidifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  reduce the degree of humidity of; remove moisture from (a gas, esp. air) 使干燥；(从气体，尤指空气中)除湿 □ dehumidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dehumidifier  n.  

dehydrate /di:ˈhaidreit/ v.  1 tr.  a  remove water from (esp. foods for preservation and storage in bulk) 使(尤指大量保存、储藏的食品)脱水b  make dry, esp. make (the body) deficient in water 使缺水(尤指使身体缺水)c  render lifeless or uninteresting 使失去活力(或无趣) 2 intr.  lose water 失水 □ dehydration  /-ˈdreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dehydrator  n.  脱水机；脱水器；脱水剂

dehydrogenate /di:haiˈdrɒdʒəneit/ v. tr. Chem.  remove a hydrogen atom or atoms from (a compound) 【化】从(化合物)中除去氢原子，使脱氢 □ dehydrogenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

de-ice /di:ˈais/ v. tr.  1  remove ice from 除去…上的冰 2  prevent the formation of ice on 防止在…上结冰

de-icer /di:ˈaisə/ n.  a device or substance for de-icing, esp. a windscreen or ice on an aircraft (尤指挡风玻璃、飞机上的)除冰装置；除冰器；除冰剂

deicide /ˈdi:isaid, ˈdeii-/ n.  1  the killer of a god 杀神者 2  the killing of a god 杀神行为 [ecclesiastical Latin deicida, from Latin deus ‘god’ + -CIDE]

deictic /ˈdaiktik/ adj. & n. Philol. & Gram. 【语文】【语法】  ●adj.  pointing, demonstrative 指示的；论证的 ●n.  a deictic word 指示词 [Greek deiktikos via deiktos ‘capable of proof’ from deiknumi ‘show’]

deify /ˈdi:ifai, ˈdeii-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make a god of 把…神化 2  regard or worship as a god 将…奉若神明 □ deification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French deifier from ecclesiastical Latin deificare, from deus ‘god’]

deign /dein/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  think fit, condescend 垂顾；降低身份；屈尊；俯就 2 tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) archaic  condescend to give (an answer etc.) [古义]赐予(答复等) [Middle English via Old French degnier, deigner, daigner from Latin dignare, -ari ‘deem worthy’, from dignus ‘worthy’]

Dei gratia /ˌdeii ˈɡrɑ:tiə, -ʃiə/ adv.  by the grace of God 蒙上帝的恩典 [Latin]

de-industrialization /ˌdi:indʌstriəlaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 de-industrialisation)  the process of removing industry from a place 撤走(或解除)某地的工业；削减某地的工业生产能力

deinothere /ˈdainə(ʊ)θiə/ n. (also 亦作 dinothere)  an extinct elephant-like animal of the genus Deinotherium, having downward curving tusks 恐兽(已绝种的形状似象有向下弯曲獠牙的恐象属生物) [modern Latin dinotherium, from Greek deinos ‘terrible’ + thērion ‘wild beast’]

deinstitutionalize /ˈdi:instiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. as 通常作 deinstitutionalized adj.)  1  remove from an institution or from the effects of institutional life 消除…的公共机构性质(或影响) 2  make less institutional; reorganize on more individual lines 使非制度化 □ deinstitutionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deionize /di:ˈaiənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove the ions or ionic constituents from (water, air, etc.) (从水、空气等中)除去离子 □ deionization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deionizer  n.  

Deirdre /ˈdiədri/   迪尔德丽 [人名]

deism /ˈdi:iz(ə)m, ˈdeii-/ n.  belief in the existence of a supreme being arising from reason rather than revelation (cf. 参见 THEISM) 自然神论；理神论 □ deist  n.  □ deistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ deistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin deus ‘god’ + -ISM]

deity /ˈdi:iti, ˈdeii-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a god or goddess 神；女神 2  divine status, quality, or nature 神的地位(身份)；神性 3 (作 the Deity)  the Creator, God 造物主；上帝 [Middle English via Old French deité from ecclesiastical Latin deitas -tatis, translation of Greek theotēs from theos ‘god’]

deject /diˈdʒekt/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 dejected adj.)  make sad or dispirited; depress 使沮丧；使气馁；使灰心 □ dejectedly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin dejicere (DE-, jacěre ‘throw’)]

dejection /diˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a dejected state; low spirits 沮丧；气馁 [Middle English from Latin dejectio (as DEJECT)]

de jure /di: ˈdʒʊəri, dei ˈjʊərei/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  rightful 合法的，依法的，有权的 ●adv.  rightfully; by right 合法地，依法地，正当地 [Latin]

dekko /ˈdekəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. slang  a look or glance [英] [俚语]看；瞥；望  took a quick dekko  很快对…看了一眼 [Hindi dekho, imperative of dekhnɑˉ ‘look’]

Del. abbr.  Delaware [缩略] (美国)特拉华州

delate /diˈleit/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  inform against; impeach (a person) 告发；弹劾(某人) 2  report (an offence) 报道，披露(罪行) □ delation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delator  n.   [Latin delat- (as DE-, lat-, past part. stem of ferre ‘carry’)]

delay /diˈlei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  postpone; defer 推迟，使延期 , 2 tr.  make late 耽搁  was delayed at the traffic lights  红绿灯让我们耽搁了一会儿 3 intr.  loiter; be late 闲逛，游荡；晚到  don't delay!  别耽误了！ ●n.  1  the act or an instance of delaying; the process of being delayed 延迟，拖延 2  time lost by inaction or the inability to proceed 耽搁(耽误)的时间 3  a hindrance 妨碍；障碍 □ delayer  n.   [Middle English from Old French delayer (v.), delai (n.), probably from des- DIS- + laier ‘leave’: see RELAY1]

delayed action n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  the operation of something, esp. a bomb or camera, some time after being primed or set (尤指炸弹、相机)延期(的；) 定时(的)

delaying action n.  1 Mil.  an action fought to delay the advance of an enemy 【军】阻滞战斗 2  any action taken to delay an unwelcome event or process 拖延战术

delay line n.  a device producing a desired delay in the transmission of a signal (信号传送中的)延迟线

dele /ˈdi:li/ v. & n. Printing 【印刷】  ●v. tr. (deled, deleing)  delete or mark for deletion (a letter, word, etc., struck out of a text) 删除(文章内容)，划掉(字母、字等) ●n.  a sign marking something to be deleted; a deletion 删除符号 [Latin, imperative of delēre: see DELETE]

delectable /diˈlektəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 literary or joc. [文学用语] [诙]  delightful, lovely 使人愉快的；美好的 2 (of food) delicious (食物)美味的，可口的 □ delectability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ delectably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin delectabilis, from delectare DELIGHT]

delectation /di:lekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  pleasure, enjoyment [文学用语]愉快；享受  sang for his delectation  他高兴地唱了起来 [Middle English from Old French (as DELECTABLE)]

delegacy /ˈdeliɡəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a system of delegating 代表制度 2  a  an appointment as a delegate 代表的委派b  a body of delegates; a delegation 代表团；代表的地位

delegate n. & v. ●n. /ˈdeliɡət/  1  an elected representative sent to a conference (会议)代表 2  a member of a committee 委员会成员 3  a member of a deputation 代表团成员 ●v. tr. /ˈdeliɡeit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  commit (authority, power, etc.) to an agent or deputy 授予(或交托) (权限、权力等)b  entrust (a task) to another person 把(任务)委托(或信托)给他人 2  send or authorize (a person) as a representative; depute 授权(某人)为代表；交托 □ delegable  /ˈdeliɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ delegator  n.   [Middle English from Latin delegatus (as DE-, legare ‘depute’)]

delegation /deliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a body of delegates; a deputation 代表团；代表的委派 2  the act or process of delegating or being delegated 委托行为(或过程) [Latin delegatio (as DELEGATE)]

delete /diˈli:t/ v. tr.  remove or obliterate (written or printed matter), esp. by striking out (尤指划掉)删除，删去(手写或印刷内容) □ deletion  /-ˈli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin delēre delet- ‘efface’]

deleterious /deliˈtiəriəs/ adj.  harmful (to the mind or body) (对身、心)有害的 □ deleteriously  adv.   [medieval Latin deleterius from Greek dēlētērios ‘noxious’]

delft /delft/ n. (also 亦作 delftware /ˈdelftwɛə/)  1  glazed, usu. blue and white, earthenware, made in Delft in Holland 代尔夫特陶器(通常蓝白色) 2  similar earthenware made in England 英格兰生产的类似陶器

deli /ˈdeli/ n. (pl. delis) colloq. [口]  = DELICATESSEN  [abbreviation]

Delia /ˈdi:ljə/   迪莉娅 [人名]

deliberate adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈlib(ə)rət/  1  a  intentional 有意的；故意的  a deliberate foul  故意犯规b  fully considered; not impulsive 深思熟虑的；非(一时)冲动的  made a deliberate choice  做出深思熟虑的选择 2  slow in deciding; cautious 审慎的；小心翼翼的  a ponderous and deliberate mind  从容而审慎的见解 3 (of movement etc.) leisurely and unhurried (动作等)从容不迫的；沉稳的 ●v. /diˈlibəreit/  1 intr.  think carefully; take counsel 仔细思考，商议  the jury deliberated for an hour  陪审团审议了一个小时 2 tr.  consider, discuss carefully 考虑；仔细讨论  deliberated the question  慎重考虑这个问题 □ deliberately  /diˈlib(ə)rətli/ adv.  □ deliberateness  /diˈlib(ə)rətnis/ n.  □ deliberator  /diˈlibəreitə/ n.   [Latin deliberatus, past part. of deliberare (as DE-, librare ‘weigh’ from libra ‘balance’)]

deliberation /diˌlibəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  careful consideration 深思熟虑 2  a  the discussion of reasons for and against 评议，审议，商议b  a debate or discussion 辩论(或讨论) 3  a  caution and care 小心；谨慎b (of movement) slowness or ponderousness (动作)缓慢，笨拙 [Middle English via Old French from Latin deliberatio -onis (as DELIBERATE)]

deliberative /diˈlib(ə)rətiv/ adj.  of, or appointed for the purpose of, deliberation or debate 审议的；起审议作用的；慎重的  a deliberative assembly  审议会 □ deliberatively  adv.  □ deliberativeness  n.   [French délibératif -ive or Latin deliberativus (as DELIBERATE)]

delicacy /ˈdelikəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (esp. in craftsmanship or artistic or natural beauty) fineness or intricacy of structure or texture; gracefulness (尤指工艺美术或自然美中的)精美；雅致 2  susceptibility to injury or disease; weakness 灵敏，敏感；柔弱，脆弱 3  the quality of requiring discretion or sensitivity 微妙；细腻  a situation of some delicacy  微妙的形势 4  a choice or expensive food 珍馐，佳肴 5  a  consideration for the feelings of others (对他人情感的)体贴，关怀b  avoidance of immodesty or vulgarity 谨慎；谦恭 6 (esp. in a person, a sense, or an instrument) accuracy of perception; sensitiveness (尤指人、感觉或仪表的)精确；灵敏；敏感 [Middle English, from DELICATE + -ACY]

delicate /ˈdelikət/ adj.  1  a  fine in texture or structure; soft, slender, or slight 精致的；精巧的；纤细的；柔弱的b  of intricate or exquisite quality or workmanship (质量、做工)精致的，精细的c (of colour) subtle or subdued; not bright (颜色)柔和的；不鲜亮的d  subtle, hard to appreciate 微妙的，难于欣赏的 2 (of a person) easily injured; susceptible to illness (人)易受伤害的；易得病的 3  a  requiring sensitive or careful handling; tricky 要求悉心处置的；难处理的；棘手的  a delicate situation  微妙的形势b (of an instrument) highly sensitive (仪器)高灵敏度的 4  deft 灵巧的，熟练的  a delicate touch  生花的妙笔 5 (of a person) avoiding the vulgar or offensive (人)高雅的；不俗的 6 (esp. of actions) considerate (尤指行为)考虑周到的，为他人着想的 7 (of food) dainty; suitable for an invalid (食物)精美的；可口的 □ in a delicate condition  archaic  pregnant [古义]怀孕□ delicately  adv.  □ delicateness  n.   [Middle English from Old French delicat or Latin delicatus, of unknown origin]

delicatessen /ˌdelikəˈtes(ə)n/ n.  1  a shop selling cooked meats, cheeses, and unusual or foreign prepared foods 熟食店 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  such foods collectively 熟食(总称)  a delicatessen counter  熟食柜台 [German Delikatessen or Dutch delicatessen from French délicatesse, from délicat (as DELICATE)]

delicious /diˈliʃəs/ adj.  1  highly delightful and enjoyable to the taste or sense of smell 美味的，芬芳的 2 (of a joke etc.) very witty or much appreciated (笑话等)十分诙谐的；令人棒腹的 □ deliciously  adv.  □ deliciousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin deliciosus from Latin deliciae ‘delight’]

delict /diˈlikt, ˈdi:likt/ n. archaic  a violation of the law; an offence [古义]犯罪；不法行为 [Latin delictum, neut. past part. of delinquere ‘offend’ (as DE-, linquere ‘leave’)]

delight /diˈlait/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, or that + clause, or to + infin.)  please greatly 使高兴，使喜欢，使满意  the gift delighted them  这件礼物令他们高兴 was delighted that you won  对你们获胜感到高兴 delighted with the result  对结果感到满意 am delighted to help  乐于帮忙 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, or to + infin.)  take great pleasure; be highly pleased 非常喜欢；乐于  delighted in her success  为她的成功而高兴 they delighted to help  他们乐于帮忙 ●n.  1  great pleasure 乐趣 2  something giving pleasure 令人愉快的事  her singing is a delight  她的演唱给人以享受 □ delighted  adj.  □ delightedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French delitier, delit, from Latin delectare, frequentative of delicere: spelling with -gh- influenced by light etc.]

delightful /diˈlaitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  causing delight; very pleasant, charming 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的，可爱的 □ delightfully  adv.  □ delightfulness  n.  

Delilah /diˈlailə/ n.  a seductive and wily temptress 迪莱拉(妖娆而机智的女人) [Delilah, betrayer of Samson (Judges 16)]

delimit /diˈlimit/ v. tr. (delimited, delimiting)  1  determine the limits of 定…的界限 2  fix the territorial boundary of 划定…的领土界限 □ delimitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delimiter  n.   [French délimiter from Latin delimitare (as DE-, limitare from limes -itis ‘boundary’)]

delimitate /diˈlimiteit/ v. tr.  = DELIMIT 

delineate /diˈlinieit/ v. tr.  portray by drawing etc. or in words (用绘画等)画出；描写  delineated her character  描绘她的性格 □ delineation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ delineator  n.   [Latin delineare delineat- (as DE-, lineare from linea ‘line’)]

delinquency /diˈliŋkw(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  minor crime in general, esp. that of young people 行为不良； (尤指未成年人的)犯罪  juvenile delinquency  少年犯罪b  a crime, usu. not of a serious kind; a misdeed (尤指不重的)轻罪；过失 2  wickedness 邪恶  moral delinquency  品行不端 an act of delinquency  懈怠行为 3  neglect of one's duty 玩忽职守 [ecclesiastical Latin delinquentia from Latin delinquens, part. of delinquere (as DELICT)]

delinquent /diˈliŋkw(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  an offender 违法者  juvenile delinquent  少年罪犯 ●adj.  1  guilty of a minor crime or a misdeed 行为不端的，有过失的 2  failing in one's duty 失职的 3 US  in arrears [美]到期未付的；拖欠的 □ delinquently  adv.  

deliquesce /deliˈkwes/ v. intr.  1  become liquid, melt 溶解；液化 2 Chem.  dissolve in water absorbed from the air 【化】潮解 □ deliquescence  n.  □ deliquescent  adj.   [Latin deliquescere (as DE-, liquescere, inceptive of liquēre ‘be liquid’)]

delirious /diˈliriəs/ adj.  1  affected with delirium; temporarily or apparently mad; raving 神志昏迷的；谵妄的；胡言乱语的 2  wildly excited, ecstatic 狂喜的；心醉神迷的 3 (of behaviour) betraying delirium or ecstasy (行为)精神错乱的；发狂的 □ deliriously  adv.  

delirium /diˈliriəm/ n.  1  an acutely disordered state of mind involving incoherent speech, hallucinations, and frenzied excitement, occurring in metabolic disorders, intoxication, fever, etc. (出现在代谢失调、中毒、发烧等中的)神志昏迷，谵妄，说胡话 2  great excitement, ecstasy 极度兴奋，狂喜 [Latin, from delirare ‘be deranged’ (as DE-, lira ‘ridge between furrows’)]

delirium tremens /ˈtri:menz, ˈtre-/ n.  a psychosis of chronic alcoholism involving tremors and hallucinations (酒后的)震颤性谵妄 [Latin, = trembling delirium]

deliver /diˈlivə/ v. tr.  1  a  distribute (letters, parcels, ordered goods, etc.) to the addressee or the purchaser (信、包裹、定购的物品等)投递；分送；送交；递送b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  hand over 移交；把…交托  delivered the boy safely to his teacher  把这个男孩安全地交托给他的老师 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  save, rescue, or set free 解救；救援，使释放  delivered him from his enemies  把他从敌人手里救出来 3  a  give birth to 生育  delivered a girl  生了个女孩b (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 of)  give birth 分娩  was delivered of a child  生了一个小孩c  assist at the birth of 接生  delivered six babies that week  那一周接生了 6 个婴儿d  assist in giving birth 助产  delivered the patient successfully  给患者顺利助产 4  a (often 常作 refl.)  utter or recite (an opinion, a speech, etc.) 发表；讲(意见、演说等)  delivered himself of the observation  他发表了自己的评论 delivered the sermon well  天花乱坠的说教b (of a judge) pronounce (a judgement) (法官)宣告(判决) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, over)  abandon; surrender; hand over 离弃，丢弃；投向；移交  delivered his soul up to God  把他的灵魂交给了上帝 6  present or render (an account) 提供；开出(账单) 7  launch or aim (a blow, a ball, or an attack) 给予(打击；) 投(或掷) (球；) 发起(攻击) 8 Law  hand over formally (esp. a sealed deed to a grantee) 【法律】正式交付(尤指盖有印章的契据) 9 (absol. [含宾]) colloq. [口]  = deliver the goods  10 US  cause (voters etc.) to support a candidate [美] (为竞选者)拉(选票人) □ deliver the goods  colloq.  carry out one's part of an agreement [口]履行诺言；不负所望□ deliverable  adj. & n.  □ deliverer  n.   [Middle English via Old French delivrer from Gallo-Roman (as DE-, LIBERATE)]

deliverance /diˈliv(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of rescuing; the process of being rescued 救援；救助b  a rescue 营救 2  a formally expressed opinion (正式的)意见；判决 [Middle English from Old French delivrance (as DELIVER)]

delivery /diˈliv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the delivering of letters etc. (信件等的)投递b  a regular distribution of letters etc. (信件等的)分类；分送  two deliveries a day  一天投递两次c  something delivered 投递物 2  a  the process of childbirth 分娩(过程)b  an act of this 分娩(动作) 3  deliverance 意见；判决 4  a  an act of pitching, esp. of a cricket ball (尤指板球的)投掷；投球b  the style of such an act 投球法  a good delivery  一记妙投 5  the act of giving or surrendering 放弃；交出  delivery of the town to the enemy  把城市拱手让给敌人 6  a  the uttering of a speech etc. (演讲等)发表b  the manner or style of such a delivery 演讲的方式(风格)  a measured delivery  审慎的演讲方式 7 Law 【法律】  a  the formal handing over of property 财产的正式移交b  the transfer of a deed to a grantee or a third party 立契转让(给受让人或第三方) □ take delivery of   receive (something purchased) 收(所购的)货 [Middle English from Anglo-French delivree, fem. past part. of delivrer (as DELIVER)]

dell /del/ n.  a small usu. wooded hollow or valley (通常林木繁茂的)小谷；小溪谷 [Old English from Germanic]

Della /ˈdelə/   黛拉 [人名]

Della Cruscan /delə ˈkrʌskən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Academy della Crusca in Florence, concerned with the purity of the Italian language (旨在纯洁意大利语言的) (有关)秕糠学会的 2  of or concerning a late 18th-c. school of English poets with an artificial style (有关)秕糠诗派的 (18 世纪晚期英国诗人中的一种矫揉造作风格) ●n.  a member of the Academy della Crusca or the late 18th-c. school of English poets 18 世纪晚期秕糠学会会员(或秕糠诗派的诗人) [Italian (Accademia) della Crusca ‘ (Academy) of the bran’ (with reference to sifting)]

delocalize /di:ˈləʊk(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  detach or remove (a thing) from its place 使(某物)离开原位b  not limit to a particular location 去除…的地方影响；消除…的地方性 2 (as 作 delocalized adj.) Chem. (of electrons) shared among more than two atoms in a molecule 【化】(电子)使离域；使去域 □ delocalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

delouse /di:ˈlaʊs/ v. tr.  rid (a person or animal) of lice 驱除(人、动物的)虱子

Delphic /ˈdelfik/ adj. (also 亦作 Delphian /-fiən/)  1 (of an utterance, prophecy, etc.) obscure, ambiguous, or enigmatic (说话、预言等)意义不明的；高深莫测的；模棱两可的；神秘的 2  of or concerning the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi (有关)德尔斐神谕的

delphinium /delˈfiniəm/ n. (pl. delphiniums)  any garden plant of the genus Delphinium (buttercup family), with tall spikes of usu. blue flowers 飞燕草(一种毛茛属园艺花卉，通常开蓝花) [modern Latin from Greek delphinion ‘larkspur’, from delphin ‘dolphin’ (from the shape of the spur)]

delphinoid /ˈdelfinɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Zool.  of or relating to the cetacean division Delphinoidea, which includes dolphins, porpoises, grampuses, etc. 【动】(有关)海豚类动物(包括海豚、鼠海豚、逆戟鲸等)的 2  dolphin-like 似海豚的 ●n.  1 Zool.  a member of the division Delphinoidea 【动】海豚类动物 2  a dolphin-like animal 类似海豚的动物 [Greek delphinoeidēs from delphin ‘dolphin’]

delta /ˈdeltə/ n.  1  a triangular tract of deposited earth, alluvium, etc., at the mouth of a river, formed by its diverging outlets (沉积土、冲积层等的)三角洲 2  a  the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (Δ，δ) 希腊字母表的第 4 个字(Δ，δ)b Brit.  a fourth-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英] (工作或考试成绩的)第四等 3 (作 Delta) Astron.  the fourth (usu. fourth-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive 后跟拉丁语属格 : Delta Cephei 仙王座δ(星)) 【天】(星空中亮度为四等的)四等星 4 Math.  an increment of a variable 【数】(变量的)增量 □ deltaic  /delˈteiik/ adj.   [Middle English via Greek from Phoenician daleth]

delta connection n.  a triangular arrangement of three-phase windings with circuit wire from each angle 三角(形)接法

delta rays n. pl.  rays of low penetrative power consisting of slow electrons ejected from an atom by the impact of ionizing radiation δ射线

delta rhythm n. (also 亦作 delta waves)  low-frequency electrical activity of the brain during sleep 节律(熟睡状态的脑电波)

delta wing n.  the triangular swept-back wing of an aircraft (后掠式)三角形机翼

deltiology /deltiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the collecting and study of postcards 图画明信片的收集(与研究) □ deltiologist  n.   [Greek deltion, diminutive of deltos ‘writing-tablet’ + -LOGY]

deltoid /ˈdeltɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  triangular; like a river delta 三角形的；似三角洲的 ●n. (in full 全称 deltoid muscle)  a thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and used for raising the arm away from the body 三角肌 [French deltoïde or modern Latin deltoides from Greek deltoeidēs (as DELTA, -OID)]

delude /diˈlu:d, -ˈlju:d/ v. tr.  deceive or mislead 迷惑；哄骗  deluded by false optimism  为一种虚假的乐观主义所迷惑 □ deluder  n.   [Middle English from Latin deludere ‘mock’ (as DE-, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

deluge /ˈdelju:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a great flood 大洪水 2 (作 the Deluge)  the biblical Flood (Gen. 6-8) (《圣经·创世纪》 6-8) 洪水灭世，大激流 3  a great outpouring (of words, paper, etc.) (文字、文章等)似洪水般的涌来 4  a heavy fall of rain 豪雨 ●v. tr.  1  flood 淹没 2  inundate with a great number or amount (大量或大批地)泛滥；使充满  deluged with complaints  满怀怨言 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diluvium, related to lavare ‘wash’]

delusion /diˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n.  1  a false belief or impression 错觉；谬见；误会 2 Psychol.  this as a symptom or form of mental disorder 【心】妄想 □ delusional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin delusio (as DELUDE)]

delusions of grandeur n. pl.  a false idea of oneself as being important, noble, famous, etc. 妄自尊大症(认为自己重要、高贵、有名望等)

delusive /diˈlu:siv, -ˈlju:-/ adj.  1  deceptive or unreal 欺骗的；虚幻的 2  disappointing 令人失望的 □ delusively  adv.  □ delusiveness  n.  

delusory /diˈlu:s(ə)ri, -ˈlju:-; -z-/ adj.  = DELUSIVE  [Late Latin delusorius (as DELUSION)]

delustre /di:ˈlʌstə/ v. tr. (US [美] deluster)  remove the lustre from (a textile) 消去(织物的)光泽

de luxe /di ˈlʌks, ˈlʊks/ adj.  1  luxurious or sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的 2  of a superior kind 高级的；超凡的 [French, = of luxury]

delve /delv/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into)  a  search energetically 搜索；翻查  delved into his pocket  他伸手在口袋里摸索b  make a laborious search in documents etc.; research 钻研(文件等；) 探究  delved into his family history  探索他的家史 2 tr. & intr. poet.  dig [诗]挖掘 □ delver  n.   [Old English delfan, from West Germanic]

Dem. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  Democrat 

demagnetize /di:ˈmæɡnitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove the magnetic properties of 给…消磁，去磁 □ demagnetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demagnetizer  n.  

demagogue /ˈdeməɡɒɡ/ n. (US [美] -gog)  1  a political agitator appealing to the basest instincts of a mob 蛊惑民心的政客 2  a leader of the people, esp. in ancient times (尤指古代的)民众领袖 □ demagogic  /-ˈɡɒɡik/ adj.  □ demagoguery  /-ˈɡɒɡ(ə)ri/ n.  □ demagogy  n.   [Greek dēmagōgos, from dēmos ‘the people’ + agōgos ‘leading’]

demand /diˈmɑ:nd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an insistent and peremptory request, made as of right (坚持不懈地断然)要求；强求；请求 2 Econ.  the desire of purchasers or consumers for a commodity 【经】需要，需求  no demand for solid tyres these days  近日对实心轮胎没有需求 3  an urgent claim 迫切需求  care of her mother makes demands on her  迫切需要她去照顾自己的母亲 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, from, or to + infin., or that + clause)  ask for (something) insistently and urgently, as of right (坚持急切地)要求(某物)  demanded to know  要求知道 demanded five pounds from him  向他要 5 英镑 demanded that his wife be present  要求他妻子出席 2  require or need 要求，需要  a task demanding skill  需要技能的工作 3  insist on being told 坚持被告知  demanded her business  坚持要告知她的职责所在 4 (as 作 demanding adj.)  making demands; requiring skill, effort, etc. 有要求的；要求技能(或需要做出努力)的  a demanding but worthwhile job  要求很高但值得一做的工作 □ in demand   sought after 有需求□ on demand   as soon as a demand is made 一旦(有)要求  a cheque payable on demand  见票即付的支票□ demander  n.  □ demandingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French demande (n.), demander (v.) from Latin demandare ‘entrust’ (as DE-, mandare ‘order’: see MANDATE)]

demand feeding n.  the practice of feeding a baby when it cries for a feed rather than at set times 需求喂养法

demand-led adj. Econ.  motivated or propelled by demand, esp. from consumers 【经】(尤指受消费者)需求引导的

demand note n.  1  a written request for payment 支付申请书 2 N. Amer.  a bill payable at sight [北美]见票即付的票据，即期票据

demand pull n.  available money as a factor causing economic inflation 需求引起的通货膨胀

demantoid /diˈmæntɔid/ n.  a lustrous green garnet 翠榴石 [German, from obsolete Demant ‘diamond’]

demarcation /di:mɑ:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of marking a boundary or limits 分界；立界；限界 2 Brit.  the trade-union practice of strictly assigning specific jobs to different unions [英] (某项工作由某一工会来承担的)工种界线 □ demarcate  /ˈdi:-/ v. tr.  □ demarcator  /ˈdi:-/ n.   [Spanish demarcación from demarcar ‘mark the bounds of’ (as DE-, MARK1)]

demarcation dispute n. Brit.  an inter-union dispute about who does a particular job [英] (工会之间关于谁来做某一特定工作的)分工争论

dematerialize /di:məˈtiəriəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become non-material or spiritual (esp. of psychic phenomena etc.) 使非物质化；使失去物质的特性(尤指超自然现象等) □ dematerialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deme /di:m/ n.  1  a  a political division of Attica in ancient Greece (古希腊阿提卡的)市区b  an administrative division in modern Greece (现代)希腊的行政区划 2 Biol.  a local population of closely related plants or animals 【生】同类群 [Greek dēmos ‘the people’]

demean1 /diˈmi:n/ v. tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.)  lower the dignity or status of 贬低…的身份；有辱…的人格  would not demean myself to take it  拿它不会使自己掉价 [DE- + MEAN2, on the pattern of debase]

demean2 /diˈmi:n/ v. refl. (with adv. 与副词连用)  behave 使表现；使行为举止显出某种特征  demeaned himself well  他表现良好 [Middle English via Old French demener from Romanic (as DE-, Latin minare ‘drive animals’ from minari ‘threaten’)]

demeanour /diˈmi:nə/ n. (US [美] demeanor)  outward behaviour or bearing 行为，举止 [DEMEAN2, probably influenced by obsolete havour ‘behaviour’]

dement /diˈment/ n. archaic  a demented person [古义]狂人；疯子 [originally adj., from French dément or Latin demens (as DEMENTED)]

demented /diˈmentid/ adj.  mad; crazy 发狂的；精神错乱的 □ dementedly  adv.  □ dementedness  n.   [past part. of earlier verb dement: from Old French dementer or from Late Latin dementare, from demens ‘out of one's mind’ (as DE-, mens mentis ‘mind’)]

dementia /diˈmenʃə/ n. Med.  a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes marked by memory disorders, personality changes, impaired reasoning, etc., due to brain disease or injury 【医】痴呆(表现为记忆力衰退、人格改变、语无伦次等) [Latin from demens (as DEMENTED)]

dementia praecox /ˈpri:kɒks/ n.  schizophrenia 精神分裂症

demerara /deməˈrɛərə, -ˈrɑ:rə/ n. (in full 全称 demerara sugar)  light brown cane sugar coming originally and chiefly from Demerara 德梅拉拉蔗糖(产于德梅拉拉的淡棕色砂糖) [Demerara, region of Guyana]

demerge /di:ˈmɜ:dʒ/ v. tr.  separate (a business) from another 把(一公司从另一公司)拆分出来；使分离

demerger /di:ˈmɜ:dʒə/ n.  the act of demerging a business 联合大企业的分拆(拆散)

demerit /di:ˈmerit/ n.  1  a quality or action deserving blame; a fault 缺点；过失 2 N. Amer.  a mark awarded against an offender [北美]记过；记过的纪录 □ demeritorious  /-ˈtɔ:riəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French de(s)merite or Latin demeritum, neut. past part. of demerēri ‘deserve’]

demersal /diˈmɜ:s(ə)l/ adj. (of a fish etc.) being or living near the sea bottom (cf. 参见 PELAGIC) (鱼等)在海底的；近海底的 [Latin demersus, past part. of demergere (as DE-, mergere ‘plunge’)]

demesne /diˈmein, diˈmi:n/ n.  1  a  a sovereign's or state's territory; a domain 领地；领土；国土b  land attached to a mansion etc. (宅邸等)周围的土地c  landed property; an estate 地产，私有地 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a region or sphere 区域；领域 3 Law hist.  possession (of real property) as one's own 【法律】[史义] (自己拥有不动产的)占有 □ held in demesne  (of an estate) occupied by the owner, not by tenants 私有(土地) (不是承租土地) [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French demeine (later Anglo-French demesne) ‘belonging to a lord’ from Latin dominicus (as DOMINICAL)]

demi- /ˈdemi/ prefix  1  half; half-size 一半；半部分 2  partially or imperfectly such (demigod 半神半人) 半，部分 [Middle English via French from medieval Latin dimedius ‘half’, for Latin dimidius]

demigod /ˈdemiɡɒd/ n. (fem. -goddess /-ɡɒdis/)  1  a  a partly divine being 半神半人b  the offspring of a god or goddess and a mortal 神(女神或凡人所生)的后代 2 colloq.  a person of compelling beauty, powers, or personality [口] (美貌、权利、人格)受人崇拜的人

demijohn /ˈdemidʒɒn/ n.  a bulbous narrow-necked bottle holding from 3 to 10 gallons and usu. in a wicker cover 大酒瓶，酒坛子(通常颈细，外有柳条护筐) [probably corruption of French dame-jeanne ‘Lady Jane’, assimilated to DEMI- + the name John]

demilitarize /di:ˈmilit(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove a military organization or forces from (a frontier, a zone, etc.) 解除(边境、地区等)的武装，使…非军事化 □ demilitarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demi-mondaine /ˈdemimɒnˌdein, 法 dəmimɔ˜dɛn/ n.  a woman of a demi-monde “风流社会”的女人，名声不好的女人；交际花

demi-monde /demiˈmɒnd, 法 dəmimɔ˜d/ n.  1  a hist.  a class of women in 19th-c. France considered to be of doubtful social standing and morality [史义] (19 世纪法国的)社会地位(和道德)值得怀疑的妇女b  a similar class of women in any society “风流社会”的女人 2  any group considered to be on the fringes of respectable society 名声不好的女人们 [French, = half-world]

demineralize /di:ˈmin(ə)r(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove salts from (sea water etc.) (从海水等中)去除盐 □ demineralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demi-pension /demiˈpɒ˜sjɒ˜, 法 dəmipɑ˜sjɔ˜/ n.  hotel accommodation with bed, breakfast, and one main meal per day 半寄膳(每天在旅馆住宿并提供早餐和一顿正餐) [French (as DEMI-, PENSION2)]

demirep /ˈdemirep/ n. archaic  a woman of doubtful sexual reputation [古义]名声不好的女人；不正派的女人 [abbreviation of demi-reputable]

demise /diˈmaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  death 死亡；终止  left a will on her demise  她临死时留下遗嘱 the demise of the agreement  合同的终止 2 Law  conveyance or transfer (of property, a title, etc.) by demising 【法律】(因死亡而带来的财产、头衔的)转让，让与 ●v. tr. Law 【法律】  1  convey or grant (an estate) by will or lease (通过遗嘱或租约)让与；遗赠(不动产) 2  transmit (a title etc.) by death (因死亡)禅让(头衔等) [Anglo-French, past part. of Old French de(s)mettre DISMISS, in refl. ‘abdicate’, used as a noun]

demisemiquaver /ˈdemisemiˌkweivə/ n. Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of half a semiquaver and represented by a large dot with a three-hooked stem [英]【音】三十二分音符

demist /di:ˈmist/ v. tr.  clear mist from (a windscreen etc.) 消除(挡风玻璃等)的雾 □ demister  n.  

demit /diˈmit/ v. tr. (demitted, demitting) (often absol. [常含宾])  resign or abdicate (an office etc.) 辞(职)，退(职等) □ demission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démettre from Latin demittere (as DE-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

demitasse /ˈdemitæs/ n.  1  a small coffee cup 小咖啡杯 2  its contents 小杯咖啡 [French, = half-cup]

demiurge /ˈdi:miɜ:dʒ, ˈdem-/ n.  1 (in the philosophy of Plato) the creator of the universe (柏拉图哲学中的)造物主；物质世界创造者 2 (in Gnosticism etc.) a heavenly being subordinate to the Supreme Being (在诺斯替教等中的)巨匠造物主(指低于最高神的物质世界创造者) □ demiurgic  /-ˈɜ:dʒik/ adj.   [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek dēmiourgos ‘craftsman’, from dēmios ‘public’ (from dēmos ‘people’) + -ergos ‘working’]

demo /ˈdeməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  = DEMONSTRATION 2, 3  2 (作 attrib.)  demonstrating the capabilities of computer software, a group of musicians, etc. (计算机软件、音乐家们等能力的)演示  demo software  演示软件 demo tape  录音样带 [abbreviation]

demob /di:ˈmɒb/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. tr. (demobbed, demobbing)  demobilize 遣散(军队；) 使(军人)复员 ●n.  demobilization (军队)遣散；复员 [abbreviation]

demobilize /di:ˈməʊbilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  disband (troops, ships, etc.) 遣散(军队、舰只等) □ demobilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démobiliser (as DE-, MOBILIZE)]

democracy /diˈmɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a system of government by the whole population, usu. through elected representatives (通常经过选举代表的)民主制度b  a state so governed 民主国家c  any organization governed on democratic principles 民主团体 2  an egalitarian and tolerant form of society 民主社会 [French démocratie via Late Latin democratia from Greek dēmokratia, from dēmos ‘the people’ + -CRACY]

democrat /ˈdeməkræt/ n.  1  an advocate of democracy 民主主义者 2 (作 Democrat) (in the US) a member of the Democratic Party (美国)民主党人 [French démocrate (as DEMOCRACY), on the pattern of aristocrate]

democratic /deməˈkrætik/ adj.  1  of, like, practising, advocating, or constituting democracy or a democracy (似)民主的；实施(提倡)民主主义的； (构成)民主政体的 2  favouring social equality 主张社会平等的 □ democratically  adv.   [French démocratique via medieval Latin democraticus from Greek dēmokratikos, from dēmokratia DEMOCRACY]

democratic centralism n.  an organizational system in which policy is decided centrally and is binding on all members 民主集中制

Democratic Party n.  one of the two main US political parties, considered to favour social reform (cf. 参见 REPUBLICAN PARTY) (美国两大政党中被认为主张社会改革的)民主党

Democratic People's Republic of Korea   朝鲜

Democratic Republic of Congo   刚果(金)

democratize /diˈmɒkrətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make (a state, institution, etc.) democratic 使(国家、机构等)民主化 □ democratization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demodulate /di:ˈmɒdjʊleit/ v. tr. Physics 【物理学】  1  extract (a modulating signal) from its carrier 检波；解调(调制信号) 2  separate a modulating signal from 解调(信号) □ demodulation  /ˌdi:mɒdjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  解调；检波□ demodulator  n.  

demographics /deməˈɡræfiks/ n. pl.  statistical data relating to the population and groups within it, used esp. in the identification of consumer markets (尤指用于确认消费者市场的)人口统计数据

demography /diˈmɒɡrəfi/ n.  the study of the statistics of births, deaths, disease, etc., as illustrating the conditions of life in communities (研究出生、死亡、疾病等的)人口学；人口统计学 □ demographer  n.  □ demographic  /deməˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ demographical  /deməˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ demographically  /deməˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek dēmos ‘the people’ + -GRAPHY]

demoiselle /demwɑ:ˈzel/ n.  1 (in full 全称 demoiselle crane)  a small crane, Anthropoides virgo, native to Asia and N. Africa (产于亚洲和北非的)蓑羽鹤 2  a  a damselfly 豆娘b  a damselfish 雀鲷 3 archaic  a young woman [古义]年轻女人；未婚少女 [French, = DAMSEL]

demolish /diˈmɒliʃ/ v. tr.  1  a  pull down (a building) 拆毁，推倒(建筑物)b  completely destroy or break 毁坏；粉碎 2  overthrow (an institution) 推翻(制度) 3  refute (an argument, theory, etc.) 反驳；驳倒(争论、理论等) 4 joc.  eat up completely and quickly [诙]快速吃光，一扫而光 □ demolisher  n.  □ demolition  /deməˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demolitionist  /deməˈliʃ(ə)nist/ n.   [French démolir from Latin demoliri (as DE-, moliri molit- ‘construct’ from moles ‘mass’)]

demon /ˈdi:mən/ n.  1  a  an evil spirit or devil, esp. one thought to possess a person 恶魔，魔鬼(尤指依附于某人身上的一种思想)b  the personification of evil passion 邪恶的化身 2  a malignant supernatural being; the Devil 凶神恶煞，魔鬼 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a forceful, fierce, or skilful performer 精力过人之人；技艺出众的人  a demon on the tennis court  网球场上的奇才 a demon player  好手，鬼才 4  a cruel or destructive person 恶棍；凶恶的人；捣蛋鬼 5 (also 亦作 daemon)  a  an inner or attendant spirit; a genius 精灵；天才  the demon of creativity  创造发明天才b  a divinity or supernatural being in ancient Greece (古希腊的)神灵(或神) □ a demon for work  colloq.  a person who works strenuously [口]工作狂 [Middle English via medieval Latin demon and Latin daemon from Greek daimōn ‘deity’]

demon bowler n. Cricket  a particularly successful bowler in a match or series 【板球】快速神投手

demonetize /di:ˈmʌnitaiz, -mɒn-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  withdraw (a coin etc.) from use as money 废止(硬币等的)流通 □ demonetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French démonétiser (as DE-, Latin moneta MONEY)]

demoniac /diˈməʊniæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = DEMONIC  ●n.  a person supposedly possessed by an evil spirit 着魔的人；精神错乱者 □ demoniacal  /di:məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ demoniacally  /di:məˈnaiək(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French demoniaque from ecclesiastical Latin daemoniacus, from daemonium, from Greek daimonion, diminutive of daimōn: see DEMON]

demonic /diˈmɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 daemonic)  1  fiercely energetic or frenzied 凶恶的；狂热的 2  a  supposedly possessed by an evil spirit 被恶魔缠身的b  of or concerning such possession (有关)着魔的 3  of or like demons (似)魔鬼的 4  having or seeming to have supernatural genius or power (似)通神意的；(似)超凡的 [Late Latin daemonicus from Greek daimonikos (as DEMON)]

demonism /ˈdi:məniz(ə)m/ n.  belief in the power of demons 魔鬼信仰

demonize /ˈdi:mənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make into or like a demon 使成为魔鬼；使似魔鬼 2  represent as a demon 使魔鬼附身 □ demonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demonolatry /di:məˈnɒlətri/ n.  the worship of demons 崇拜鬼神

demonology /di:məˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of demons etc. 鬼神(鬼魔等)学 □ demonologist  n.  

demonopolize /di:məˈnɒpəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make no longer a monopoly 取消对…的专卖权

demonstrable /diˈmɒnstrəb(ə)l, ˈdemən-/ adj.  capable of being shown or logically proved 可论证的；可证明的；可表明的 □ demonstrability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ demonstrably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin demonstrabilis (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demonstrate /ˈdemənstreit/ v.  1 tr.  show evidence of (feelings etc.) 显示，表示(感情等) 2 tr.  describe and explain (a scientific proposition, machine, etc.) by experiment, practical use, etc. (通常试验、实际使用等)描述；解释(科学命题、机器装置等) 3 tr.  a  logically prove the truth of 证明；论证b  be proof of the existence of 证实 4 intr.  take part in or organize a public demonstration (进行)示威 5 intr.  act as a demonstrator 参加示威活动 [Latin demonstrare (as DE-, monstrare ‘show’)]

demonstration /demənˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the outward showing of feeling etc. (情绪等的)显露，表露b  an instance of this 流露 2  a public meeting, march, etc., for a political or moral purpose 示威游行；示威集会(示威运动等) 3  a  a practical exhibition or explanation of something, designed to teach or inform 展示，解释b  a practical display of a piece of equipment to show its capabilities 演示 4  proof provided by logic, argument, etc. (根据逻辑、论点等提出的)证据，实证 5 Mil.  a show of military force 【军】军事力量的展示；佯动 □ demonstrational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French demonstration or Latin demonstratio (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demonstrative /diˈmɒnstrətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  given to or marked by an open expression of feeling, esp. of affection 感情外露的；易动感情的(尤指充满深情)  a very demonstrative person  感情外露的人 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  logically conclusive; giving proof 逻辑论证的；可举例证明的  the work is demonstrative of their skill  这件作品证明了他们的技巧 3  a  serving to point out or exhibit 示范的；展示的b  involving esp. scientific demonstration 演示的(尤指科学展示)  demonstrative technique  演示技巧 4 Gram. (of an adjective or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to (e.g. 如 this, that, those 这，那，这些) 【语法】(形容词或代词)指定的 ●n. Gram.  a demonstrative adjective or pronoun 【语法】指示形容词(或指示代词) □ demonstratively  adv.  □ demonstrativeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French demonstratif -ive from Latin demonstrativus (as DEMONSTRATION)]

demonstrator /ˈdemənstreitə/ n.  1  a person who takes part in a political demonstration etc. (政治示威游行等的)示威者 2  a  a person who demonstrates, esp. machines, equipment, etc., to prospective customers (尤指机器设备等的)示教讲师；示范者b  a machine, etc., esp. a car, used for such demonstrations 演示机(示范产品等，尤指样车) 3  a person who teaches by demonstration, esp. in a laboratory etc. (尤指在实验室等的)示范者 [Latin (as DEMONSTRATE)]

demoralize /diˈmɒrəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  destroy the morale of; make hopeless 使士气受挫；使泄气 2 archaic  corrupt the morals of [古义]使道德堕落 □ demoralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ demoralizing  adj.  □ demoralizingly  adv.   [French démoraliser (as DE-, MORAL)]

demote /di:ˈməʊt/ v. tr.  reduce to a lower rank or class 使降职；使降级 □ demotion  /-ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.   [DE- + PROMOTE]

demotic /diˈmɒtik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the popular colloquial form of modern Greek 现代希腊日常用语 2  a  a popular simplified form of ancient Egyptian writing (cf. 参见 HIERATIC 2) (古埃及)通俗文字b  a popular written or spoken form of modern Greek 现代希腊语 ●adj.  1 (esp. of language) popular, colloquial, or vulgar (尤指语言)流行的，口语化的；通俗的，粗俗的 2  of or concerning the ancient Egyptian or modern Greek demotic (有关)古代埃及(或现代希腊)通俗文字的 [Greek dēmotikos via dēmotēs ‘one of the people’ from dēmos ‘the people’]

demotivate /di:ˈməʊtiveit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cause to lose motivation; discourage 使失去动力，使气馁 □ demotivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demount /di:ˈmaʊnt/ v. tr.  1  take (apparatus, a gun, etc.) from its mounting 从支架上卸下(器具、炮等) 2  dismantle for later reassembly 卸下(日后拆开重装) □ demountable  adj. & n.   [French démonter: cf. DISMOUNT]

demulcent /diˈmʌls(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  soothing 抚慰的；镇痛的 ●n.  an agent that forms a protective film, soothing irritation or inflammation in the mouth 缓和剂；镇静剂；镇痛药 [Latin demulcēre (as DE-, mulcēre ‘soothe’)]

demur /diˈmɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (demurred, demurring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, at)  raise scruples or objections 表示异议；反对 2 Law  put in a demurrer 【法律】抗辩，提出异议 ●n. (also 亦作 demurral /diˈmʌr(ə)l/) (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  1  an objection 异议；反对  agreed without demur  毫无异议地接受 2  the act or process of objecting 反对行动(或过程) [Middle English via Old French demeure (n.), demeurer (v.) from Romanic (as DE-, Latin morari ‘delay’)]

demure /diˈmjʊə/ adj. (demurer, demurest)  1  composed, quiet, and reserved; modest 稳重的；娴静的；拘谨的；谦逊的 2  affectedly shy and quiet; coy 装作害羞的；忸怩的，腼腆的 3  decorous 举止高雅的，行为规矩的  a demure high collar  端庄的高领子 □ demurely  adv.  □ demureness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps via Anglo-French demuré from Old French demoré, past part. of demorer ‘remain, stay’ (as DEMUR): influenced by Old French meür from Latin maturus ‘ripe’]

demurrable /diˈmɜ:rəb(ə)l/ adj. esp. Law  open to objection (尤)【法律】可抗辩的

demurrage /diˈmʌridʒ/ n.  1  a  a rate or amount payable to a shipowner by a charterer for failure to load or discharge a ship within the time agreed (轮船因未能如期装卸而付给船主的)滞期费；滞纳金b  a similar charge on railway trucks or goods (火车货物未能如期装卸而付的)逾期收费 2  a detention or delay in loading or discharging 逾期；滞期 [Old French demo(u)rage from demorer (as DEMUR)]

demurrer /diˈmɜ:rə/ n.  an objection, esp. Law a pleading that an opponent's point is irrelevant 反对；(尤)【法律】异议，抗辩 [Anglo-French (infinitive used as a noun), = DEMUR]

demy /diˈmai/ n. Printing  a size of paper, 564 × 444 mm 【印刷】印刷用纸尺寸(为 564 × 444 毫米) [Middle English, variant of DEMI-]

demystify /di:ˈmistifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  clarify or remove the mystery from (obscure beliefs or subjects etc.) 阐明(晦涩的信仰)，使(事物等)非神秘化 2  reduce or remove the irrationality in (a person) 使(人)不再迷惑不解 □ demystification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

demythologize /di:miˈθɒlədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  remove mythical elements from (a legend, famous person's life, etc.) 使非神话化；去除(传说、名人生活等的)神话色彩 2  reinterpret what some consider to be the mythological elements in (the Bible) 重新解释(圣经中)一些被认为是神话的成分

den /den/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wild animal's lair (野兽的)洞穴 2  a place of crime or vice 匪窟；贼窝；罪恶的场所  den of iniquity  不法者的巢穴 opium den  鸦片烟窟 3  a  a small private room or place for pursuing a hobby etc. (从事于业余爱好等的)私室b  a hideout or secret place for children (孩子的)躲藏处 ●v. intr. (denned, denning)  live in or retreat to a den 居住；隐居 [Old English denn from Germanic, related to DENE1]

denarius /diˈnɛəriəs, diˈnɑ:riəs/ n. (pl. denarii /-riai, -rii:/)  an ancient Roman silver coin 迪纳里厄斯(古罗马银币) [Latin, = ‘(coin) of ten asses’ (as DENARY: see AS2)]

denary /ˈdi:n(ə)ri/ adj.  of ten; decimal 十的；十进位的 [Latin denarius ‘containing ten’ from deni ‘by tens’]

denary scale n.  = DECIMAL SCALE 

denationalize /di:ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  transfer (a nationalized industry or institution etc.) from public to private ownership 使(企业、机构等)非国有化 2  a  deprive (a nation) of its status or characteristics as a nation 使(国家)失去独立国资格(或地位)b  deprive (a person) of nationality or national characteristics 剥夺(某人)的国民权利 □ denationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French dénationaliser (as DE-, NATIONAL)]

denaturalize /di:ˈnætʃ(ə)rəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  change the nature or properties of; make unnatural 改变…的本性；使非自然化 2  deprive of the rights of citizenship 取消(公民的)身份 3  = DENATURE 2  □ denaturalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denature /di:ˈneitʃə/ v. tr.  1  change the properties of (a protein etc.) by heat, acidity, etc. (通过加热、加酸等)改变(蛋白质等的)特性 2  make (alcohol) unfit for drinking, esp. by the addition of another substance (尤指增加另一种物质)使(酒)变质不能饮用 □ denaturant  n.  □ denaturation  /di:ˌnætʃəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French dénaturer (as DE-, NATURE)]

dendrite /ˈdendrait/ n.  1  a  a stone or mineral with natural treelike or mosslike markings 树枝石，纹树石b  such marks on stones or minerals 石头(或矿石上的)树枝(苔藓)斑纹 2 Chem.  a crystal with branching treelike growth 【化】枝蔓晶 3 Zool. & Anat.  a branching process of a nerve cell conducting signals to a cell body 【动】【解】(神经细胞的)树突 [French, from Greek dendritēs (adj.) from dendron ‘tree’]

dendritic /denˈdritik/ adj.  1  of or like a dendrite (似)树枝状的 2  treelike in shape or markings 树枝形状(或条纹)的 □ dendritically  adv.  

dendrochronology /ˌdendrəʊkrəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  a system of dating using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings of trees to assign dates to timber 树轮年代法(通过研究树轮以确定过去事件发生年代的方法) 2  the study of these growth rings 树木年代学 □ dendrochronological  /-krɒnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dendrochronologist  n.   [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + CHRONOLOGY]

dendrogram /ˈdendrəɡræm/ n. Biol.  a branched diagram showing the relationship between kinds of organism 【生】系统树图(一种表示亲缘关系的树枝状图解) [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + -GRAM]

dendroid /ˈdendrɔid/ adj.  tree-shaped 树状的 [Greek dendrōdēs ‘treelike’ + -OID]

dendrology /denˈdrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of trees 树木学 □ dendrological  /-drəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dendrologist  n.   [Greek dendron ‘tree’ + -LOGY]

dene1 /di:n/ n. (also 亦作 dean) Brit. [英]  1  a narrow wooded valley 有林小陡谷 2  a vale (esp. as the ending of place names) 谷(尤指作为地名的后缀) [Old English denu, related to DEN]

dene2 /di:n/ n. Brit.  a bare sandy tract, or a low sandhill, by the sea [英] (海滨的)沙地，沙丘 [origin unknown: perhaps related to DUNE]

denest /di:ˈnest/ v. tr.  remove (a word or phrase, esp. a compound noun) from a dictionary entry for another word and enter it as a main entry itself 重定词条(从词典词条中删除一个词(尤指合成词)或短语，把它另作一个主词条编入词典)

de-net /di:ˈnet/ v. tr. (de-netted, de-netting) (in the UK) sell (a book) at a price lower than that fixed under the terms of the Net Book Agreement (英国)打折销售(书)

dengue /ˈdeŋɡi/ n.  an infectious viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes and causing a fever and acute pains in the joints 登革热(通过蚊子传播的一种热带传染病，特征为骨关节剧痛) [West Indian Spanish, from Swahili denga, dinga, with assimilation to Spanish dengue ‘fastidiousness’, with reference to the stiffness of the patient's neck and shoulders]

deniable /diˈnaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that may be denied 可否认的，可否定的，可拒绝的 □ deniability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

denial /diˈnai(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of denying 否认，否定 2  a refusal of a request or wish 拒绝；拒绝给予 3  a statement that a thing is not true; a rejection 拒绝相信；驳回  denial of the accusation  驳回指控 4  a disavowal of a person as one's leader etc. (对领袖等的)不承认 5  = SELF-DENIAL  6 Psychol.  the usu. subconscious suppression of an unacceptable truth or emotion 【心】(通常下意识的)自我克制

denier /ˈdeniə/ n.  a unit of weight by which the fineness of silk, rayon, or nylon yarn is measured 旦尼尔，旦(丝绸、人造丝、尼龙丝的纤度单位) [originally the name of a small coin: Middle English via Old French from Latin denarius]

denigrate /ˈdeniɡreit/ v. tr.  defame or disparage the reputation of (a person); blacken 毁誉，诽谤(某人)；玷污 □ denigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denigrator  n.  □ denigratory  /-ˈɡreit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin denigrare (as DE-, nigrare from niger ‘black’)]

denim /ˈdenim/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a usu. blue hard-wearing cotton twill fabric used for jeans, overalls, etc. (通常蓝色的)粗斜纹棉布；劳动布(用来做牛仔裤、工作服等)  a denim skirt  劳动布裙 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  jeans, overalls, etc. made of this [口]劳动布牛仔裤(或工作服等) [for serge de Nim ‘serge of Nîmes’, a city in S. France]

Denis /ˈdenis/   丹尼斯 [人名]

Denise /dəˈni:z, deˈni:z/   丹尼斯 [人名]

denitrify /di:ˈnaitrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove the nitrates or nitrites from (soil etc.) 使(土壤等)脱硝 □ denitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denizen /ˈdeniz(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an inhabitant or occupant 居民，居住者 2 Brit.  a foreigner admitted to certain rights in his or her adopted country [英] (在所居住国享有一定权利的)外籍居民，归化者 3  a naturalized foreign word, animal, or plant 外来词；已归化的外来动物(或植物) □ denizenship  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French deinzein from Old French deinz ‘within’, from Latin de ‘from’ + intus ‘within’ + -ein from Latin -aneus: see -ANEOUS]

Denmark   丹麦

Dennis /ˈdenis/   丹尼斯 [人名]

denominate /diˈnɒmineit/ v. tr.  1  give a name to 给…命名 2  call or describe (a person or thing) as 把(某人或某物)叫作(或称作；) 把…描述成 3 (in passive 用被动； usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  express in a specified monetary unit 用特定的货币单位表示 [Latin denominare (as DE-, NOMINATE)]

denomination /diˌnɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a Church or religious sect 宗教；教派 2  a class of units within a range or sequence of numbers, weights, money, etc. (金钱的)面额；(数目、重量等的)单位  money of small denominations  小面额货币 3  a  a name or designation, esp. a characteristic or class name 名称，称呼(尤指特性、种类名称)b  a class or kind having a specific name (有特定名字的)级别；种类 4  the rank of a playing card within a suit, or of a suit relative to others (桥牌叫牌时)叫出的花色(或无将)数 [Middle English from Old French denomination or Latin denominatio (as DENOMINATE)]

denominational /diˌnɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to a particular denomination (有关)教派的； (有关)宗派的 , (有关)派别的 2 (of education) according to the principles of a Church or sect (教育)按教派原则进行的 □ denominationalism  n.  

denominative /diˈnɒminətiv/ adj.  serving as or giving a name 命名的；用作名称的 [Late Latin denominativus (as DENOMINATION)]

denominator /diˈnɒmineitə/ n. Math.  the number below the line in a vulgar fraction; a divisor 【数】分母 [French dénominateur or medieval Latin denominator (as DE-, NOMINATE)]

de nos jours /də nəʊ ˈʒʊə, 法 də no ʒur/ adj. (placed after noun) of the present time 当代的(用于名词后) [French, = of our days]

denote /diˈnəʊt/ v. tr.  1  be a sign of; indicate 是…的标志；指示，表示  the arrow denotes direction  箭头表示方向 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  mean, convey 意思是；意味；传达 3  stand as a name for; signify 为…的名称；示意 □ denotation  /di:nə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denotative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [French dénoter or from Latin denotare (as DE-, notare ‘mark’ from nota NOTE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at CONNOTE. 见 CONNOTE 的用法说明。 

denouement /deiˈnu:mɒ˜, -mɒŋ/ n. (also 亦作 dénouement)  1  the final unravelling of a plot or complicated situation (复杂形势或事情的)最后解决(或结果) 2  the final scene in a play, novel, etc., in which the plot is resolved (戏剧、小说等的)收场，结局 [French dénouement from dénouer ‘unknot’ (as DE-, Latin nodare from nodus ‘knot’)]

denounce /diˈnaʊns/ v. tr.  1  accuse publicly; condemn 公开指责，公然抨击，谴责  denounced him as a traitor  指责他是叛徒 2  inform against 告发；告密  denounced her to the police  向警察举报她 3  give notice of the termination of (an armistice, treaty, etc.) 通知废止(休战书、条约等) □ denouncement  n.  □ denouncer  n.   [Middle English via Old French denoncier from Latin denuntiare (as DE-, nuntiare ‘make known’ from nuntius ‘messenger’)]

de nouveau /də nu:ˈvəʊ, 法 də nuvo/ adv.  starting again; anew 重新(开始)；再 [French]

de novo /dei ˈnəʊvəʊ, di:/ adv.  starting again; anew 重新(开始)；再 [Latin]

dense /dens/ adj.  1  closely compacted in substance; thick 密集的，浓厚的  dense fog  浓雾 2  crowded together 拥挤的，稠密的  the population is less dense on the outskirts  郊区人口密度不大 3 colloq.  stupid [口]愚笨的 □ densely  adv.  □ denseness  n.   [French dense or Latin densus]

densitometer /densiˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the photographic density of an image on a film or photographic print 光密度计； (摄影用)显像密度计

density /ˈdensiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the degree of compactness of a substance 稠密 2 Physics  degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume 【物理学】密度，浓度，比重 3  the opacity of a photographic image (摄影图像的)不透明性，阻光度 4  a crowded state 密集 5 colloq.  stupidity [口]愚蠢，迟钝 [French densité or Latin densitas (as DENSE)]

dent /dent/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight mark or hollow in a surface made by, or as if by, a blow with a hammer etc. (用锤子等敲击后的)凹痕；凹坑 2  a noticeable effect 引人注意的效果  the lavish lunch made a dent in our funds  过分丰盛的午餐使我们用去很多钱 ●v. tr.  1  mark with a dent 标有凹痕；使凹陷 2  have (esp. an adverse) effect on 使具有(尤指相反的)后果  the news dented our hopes  这条消息使我们没有了指望 [Middle English, probably from INDENT1]

dental /ˈdent(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the teeth; of or relating to dentistry 牙齿的；牙科的 2 Phonet. (of a consonant) produced with the tongue-tip against the upper front teeth (as th) or the ridge of the teeth (as n, d, t) 【语音】(辅音)齿音的(由舌尖抵住上齿发出的音，如 th) (或抵住上齿龈发出，如 n, d, t) □ dentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin dentalis from Latin dens dentis ‘tooth’]

dental floss n.  a thread of floss silk etc. used to clean between the teeth 洁牙线(用于保持牙缝清洁的绣花丝线等)

dentalium /denˈteiliəm/ n. (pl. dentalia /-liə/)  1  a tusk shell, esp. of the genus Dentalium (尤指角贝属)角贝 2  this shell used as an ornament or as a form of currency (用作装饰或货币形式的)象牙贝壳 [modern Latin from Late Latin dentalis: see DENTAL]

dental mechanic n. Brit.  a person who makes and repairs artificial teeth [英]牙科技师(制作和修理假牙的技师)

dental surgeon n.  a dentist 牙科医生，牙医

dentate /ˈdenteit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  toothed; with toothlike notches; serrated 【植】【动】有齿的；(锯)齿状的 [Latin dentatus from dens dentis ‘tooth’]

denticle /ˈdentik(ə)l/ n. Zool.  a small tooth or toothlike projection, scale, etc. 【动】小齿，齿状突出(鳞片等) □ denticulate  /denˈtikjʊlət/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin denticulus, diminutive of dens dentis ‘tooth’]

dentifrice /ˈdentifris/ n.  a paste or powder for cleaning the teeth 牙膏，牙粉 [French from Latin dentifricium, from dens dentis ‘tooth’ + fricare ‘rub’]

dentil /ˈdentil/ n. Archit.  each of a series of small rectangular blocks as a decoration under the moulding of a cornice in classical architecture 【建】(檐板下的)齿(状装)饰 [obsolete French dentille, diminutive of dent ‘tooth’, from Latin dens dentis]

dentilingual /dentiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj. Phonet.  formed by the teeth and the tongue 【语音】齿舌音的

dentine /ˈdenti:n/ n. (US [美] dentin /-tin/)  a hard dense bony tissue forming the bulk of a tooth 牙质，牙本质 □ dentinal  /ˈdentin(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin dens dentis ‘tooth’ + -INE4]

dentist /ˈdentist/ n.  a person who is qualified to treat the diseases and conditions that affect the mouth, jaws, teeth, and their supporting tissues, esp. the repair and extraction of teeth and the insertion of artificial ones (尤指修牙、拔牙、镶牙的)口腔科医生，牙医 □ dentistry  n.   [French dentiste from dent ‘tooth’]

dentition /denˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the type, number, and arrangement of teeth in a species etc. 齿系(齿列，牙列等) 2  the cutting of teeth; teething 牙齿的加工；出牙，长牙 [Latin dentitio from dentire ‘to teethe’]

denture /ˈdentʃə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a removable artificial replacement for one or more teeth carried on a removable plate or frame 一副假牙(或托牙), 一副牙齿 [French from dent ‘tooth’]

denturist /ˈdentʃərist/ n.  a maker of dentures 牙托技师

denuclearize /di:ˈnju:kliəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove nuclear armaments from (a country etc.) (从一个国家等)撤除核武器；使(国家、地区等)非核化 □ denuclearization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

denude /diˈnju:d/ v. tr.  1  make naked or bare 使裸露，剥光 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  strip of clothing, a covering, etc. 剥(或脱)去衣服(遮盖物等)b  deprive of a possession or attribute 剥夺其所有(或属性) 3 Geol.  lay (rock or a formation etc.) bare by removing what lies above 【地质】使(岩石或地层等)剥蚀；使裸露 □ denudation  /di:njʊˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ denudative  /-dətiv/ adj.   [Latin denudare (as DE-, nudus ‘naked’)]

denumerable /diˈnju:m(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. Math.  countable by correspondence with the infinite set of integers 【数】可数的 □ denumerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ denumerably  adv.   [Late Latin denumerare (as DE-, numerare NUMBER)]

denunciation /diˌnʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of denouncing (a person, policy, etc.); public condemnation 谴责；指责(人或政策等；) 痛斥 2  an instance of this 谴责，告发 □ denunciate  /-ˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  □ denunciative  /-ˈnʌnsiətiv/ adj.  □ denunciator  /-ˈnʌnsieitə, -ˈnʌnʃieitə/ n.  □ denunciatory  /diˈnʌnsiət(ə)ri, -ˈnʌnʃiət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French dénonciation or Latin denunciatio (as DENOUNCE)]

Denver /ˈdenvə/ n.  丹佛 [美国城市]

deny /diˈnai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  declare untrue or non-existent 否定，否认  denied the charge  否认指控 denied that it is so  否定事实如此 denied having lied  否认说谎 2  repudiate or disclaim 驳斥；不承认；放弃  denied his faith  放弃他的信仰 denied his signature  他不承认自己的签字 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  refuse (a person or thing, or something to a person) 拒绝(某人、某物)；不给予(某物给某人)  this was denied to me  我未曾得到这个 denied him the satisfaction  他未曾满足 4  refuse access to (a person sought) 拒绝接受(所寻找的人), 推卸  denied him his son  不认他为儿子 □ deny oneself   be abstinent 有节制□ denier  n.   [Middle English via Old French denier from Latin denegare (as DE-, negare ‘say no’)]

deoch an doris /dɒx(ə)n ˈdɒris, dɒk/ n. (also 亦作 doch an dorris) Sc. & Ir.  a drink taken at parting; a stirrup cup [苏格兰和爱尔兰]饯别酒；马镫形酒杯 [Gaelic deoch an doruis ‘drink at the door’]

deodar /ˈdi:ə(ʊ)dɑ:/ n.  the Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara, the tallest of the cedar family, with drooping branches bearing large barrel-shaped cones 喜马拉雅雪松 [Hindi dē' odɑˉr from Sanskrit deva-dɑˉru ‘divine tree’]

deodorant /diˈəʊd(ə)r(ə)nt/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a substance sprayed or rubbed on to the body or sprayed into the air to remove or conceal unwanted or unpleasant smells 除臭剂，除臭棒，空气清新剂  a roll-on deodorant  滚搽式除臭剂 has a deodorant effect  具有除臭效果 [as DEODORIZE + -ANT]

deodorize /diˈəʊdəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  remove or destroy the (usu. unpleasant) smell of 除去(通为难闻的)臭味，脱去臭味 □ deodorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deodorizer  n.   [DE- + Latin odor ‘smell’]

Deo gratias /deiəʊ ˈɡrɑ:tiəs, -ʃiəs/ int.  thanks be to God 承神之佑，托天之福 [Latin, = (we give) thanks to God]

deontic /diˈɒntik/ adj. Philos.  of or relating to duty and obligation as ethical concepts 【哲】(有关)义务的 [Greek deont-, part. stem of dei ‘it is right’]

deontology /di:ɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n. Philos.  the study of duty 【哲】义务论；道义论 □ deontological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ deontologist  n.  

Deo volente /deiəʊ vɒˈlentei/ adv.  God willing; if nothing prevents it 若承天意；若一切顺利 [Latin]

deoxygenate /di:ˈɒksidʒəneit/ v. tr.  remove oxygen, esp. free oxygen, from 去氧(尤指游离氧；) 使脱氧 □ deoxygenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deoxyribonucleic acid /diˌɒksiraibəʊnju:ˈkleiik/ n.  see 见 DNA  [DE- + OXYGEN + RIBONUCLEIC ACID]

deoxyribose /diˌɒksiˈraibəʊz, -s/ n. Biochem.  a sugar related to ribose and found in the nucleosides of DNA 【生化】脱氧核糖 [DE- + OXY-2 + RIBOSE]

dep. abbr. [缩略]  1  departs  2  deputy 

depart /diˈpɑ:t/ v.  1 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  go away; leave 离开，离去  the train departs from this platform  火车驶离本站台b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  start; set out 出发，起程，动身  trains depart for Crewe every hour  开往克鲁的火车 1 小时一趟 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  diverge; deviate 分叉，岔开；分歧，背离  departs from standard practice  和惯例相背离 3  a intr.  leave by death; die 死亡，死b tr. formal or literary  leave by death [正式] [文学用语]去世，谢世  departed this life  离开尘世 [Middle English from Old French departir, ultimately from Latin dispertire ‘divide’]

departed /diˈpɑ:tid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  bygone 过去的；以往的；往昔的  departed greatness  往日的荣耀 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the) euphem.  a particular dead person or dead people [婉]死者，已故者  we are here to mourn the departed  我们在此悼念故人

department /diˈpɑ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a separate part of a complex whole, esp.: 部门(尤指):a  a branch of municipal or State administration (市政或国家管理当局的)部，司，局，处，科，部门  Housing Department  房管科 Department of Social Security  社会安全部b  a branch of study and its administration at a university, school, etc. (大学、学校等的)系；学部  the physics department  物理系c  a specialized section of a large store (大商场的一个)营业部  hardware department  五金器具部 2 colloq.  an area of special expertise [口]专长；知识领域 3  an administrative district in France and other countries (法国和其他国家的)行政管理区 [French département (as DEPART)]

departmental /di:pɑ:tˈment(ə)l/ adj.  of or belonging to a department (属于)部门的 □ departmentalism  n.  □ departmentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ departmentalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ departmentally  adv.  

department store n. (also Brit. [亦英] departmental store)  a large shop stocking many varieties of goods in different departments 百货公司

departure /diˈpɑ:tʃə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of departing 启程，出发，离开 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a deviation (from the truth, a standard, etc.) 背离，偏离(真理、标准等) 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  the starting of a train, an aircraft, etc. (火车或飞机等的)开出；起飞  the departure was late  开车 / 起飞晚点 departure lounge  候机厅；候车室 4  a new course of action or thought 新做法，新思路  driving a car is rather a departure for him  驾车对他来说真是个新的尝试 5 Naut.  the amount of a ship's change of longitude 【海】横距；东西距(船只航行时经度的改变量) [Old French departeüre (as DEPART)]

depasture /di:ˈpɑ:stʃə/ v. Brit. [英]  1  a tr. (of cattle) graze upon 放养(牲口)，放牧b intr.  graze 吃草c tr.  put (cattle) to graze 使(牲口)吃草 2 tr. (of land) provide pasturage for (cattle) (土地)作放牧(牲口)基地 □ depasturage  /-idʒ/ n.  

depend /diˈpend/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  be controlled or determined by 取决于；视…而定  success depends on hard work  成功来自勤奋的工作 it depends on whether they agree  取决于他们是否同意 it depends how you tackle the problem  取决于你如何处理这个问题 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  be unable to do without 依赖，依靠  depends on her mother  依靠她母亲b  rely on 信赖；确信  I'm depending on you to come  我确信你会来 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be grammatically dependent on (在语法上)从属 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 from) archaic or poet.  hang down [古义] [诗]悬挂，悬垂 □ depending on   according to; taking into account 根据，依据；取决于□ depend upon it!   you may be sure! 无疑；请放心□ it (or it all or that) depends   expressing uncertainty or qualification in answering a question 那得看情况  Will they come? It depends  他们会来吗？那得看情况 [Middle English from Old French dependre, ultimately from Latin dependēre (as DE-, pendēre ‘hang’)]

dependable /diˈpendəb(ə)l/ adj.  reliable 可靠的 □ dependability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ dependably  adv.  

dependant /diˈpend(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] dependent)  1  a person who relies on another esp. for financial support (尤指经济上)受赡养者；受抚养者 2  a servant or subordinate 仆人，侍从；下属 [French dépendant, pres. part. of dépendre (as DEPEND)]

dependence /diˈpend(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of being dependent (see 见 DEPENDENT 1, 2, 3) 依靠；依赖；依赖关系 2  reliance; trust; confidence 依靠之物；信任，信赖  shows great dependence on his judgement  表明极为信任他的判断 [French dépendance (as DEPEND)]

dependency /diˈpend(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a country or province controlled by another 附属国，附属地 2  anything subordinate or dependent 附属物；从属物 3  = DEPENDENCE 1 

dependency culture n.  a way of life characterized by dependency on state benefits 依赖文化(一种依赖政府救济生活的方式)

dependent /diˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  depending, conditional, or subordinate 依靠的；依赖的；视…而定的；从属的 2  unable to do without (esp. a drug) (尤指对毒品)有瘾的 3  maintained at another's cost 受他人赡养的 4 Math. (of a variable) having a value determined by that of another variable 【数】(变量)受另一变量的值而定的 5 Gram. (of a clause, phrase, or word) subordinate to a sentence or word 【语法】(从句、短语或词)从属(另一个句子或词)的 ●n. US var.  of DEPENDANT [美] DEPENDANT 的变体 □ dependently  adv.   [Middle English, earlier -ant = DEPENDANT]

depersonalization /di:ˌpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation) esp. Psychol. (尤)【心】  1  the act of depersonalizing or state of being depersonalized 使非个性化；人格解体 2 Psychiatry 【精神病学】  a loss of one's sense of identity; a feeling of unreality 丧失个性；无真实感

depersonalize /di:ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make impersonal 使失去个性；使非个性化 2  deprive of personality 失去自我感

depict /diˈpikt/ v. tr.  1  represent in a drawing or painting etc. 描画(描绘等) 2  portray in words; describe 描述，描写  the play depicts him as vain and petty  该剧把他描写成既爱虚荣又猥琐的人 □ depicter  n.  □ depiction  /-ˈpikʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ depictive  adj.  □ depictor  n.   [Latin depingere depict- (as DE-, pingere ‘paint’)]

depilate /ˈdepileit/ v. tr.  remove the hair from 去除…的毛，使脱毛 □ depilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin depilare (as DE-, pilare from pilus ‘hair’)]

depilatory /diˈpilət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that removes unwanted hair 脱毛的，有脱毛作用的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a depilatory substance 脱毛剂

deplane /di:ˈplein/ v. esp. US [尤美]  1 intr.  disembark from an aeroplane 下飞机 2 tr.  remove from an aeroplane 从飞机上卸下

deplete /diˈpli:t/ v. tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  1  reduce in numbers or quantity 耗尽，大量减少  depleted forces  耗尽力量 2  empty out; exhaust 倒空；耗竭  their energies were depleted  他们的精力已经耗尽 □ depletion  /-ˈpli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin deplēre (as DE-, plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

deplorable /diˈplɔ:rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  exceedingly bad 可悲的，可叹的；令人痛惜的，令人深感遗憾的  a deplorable meal  糟糕的一顿饭 2  that can be deplored 应受谴责(或责骂)的 □ deplorably  adv.  

deplore /diˈplɔ:/ v. tr.  feel or express strong disapproval of 哀叹；悲叹；对…深感遗憾 □ deploringly  adv.   [French déplorer or Italian deplorare from Latin deplorare (as DE-, plorare ‘bewail’)]

deploy /diˈplɔi/ v.  1 Mil. 【军】  a tr.  cause (troops) to spread out from a column into a line 使(部队)展开，使疏开b intr. (of troops) spread out in this way (部队)疏开；分散部署 2 tr.  bring (arguments, forces, etc.) into effective action 施展；调动；利用(论据、兵力等) □ deployment  n.   [French déployer from Latin displicare (as DIS-, plicare ‘fold’) & Late Latin deplicare ‘explain’]

deplume /diˈplu:m/ v. tr.  1  strip of feathers, pluck 拔去羽毛 2  deprive of honours etc. 剥夺荣誉(名誉等) [Middle English from French déplumer or from medieval Latin deplumare (as DE-, Latin pluma ‘feather’)]

depolarize /di:ˈpəʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Physics  reduce or remove the polarization of 【物理学】使去极化，使消偏振，使去磁 □ depolarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

depoliticize /di:pəˈlitisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person, an organization, etc.) non-political 使(人、组织等)非政治化 2  remove from political activity or influence 使不属政治范畴；使不受政治影响 □ depoliticization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

depolymerize /di:ˈpɒliməraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  break down into monomers or other smaller units 【化】(使)解聚 □ depolymerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deponent /diˈpəʊnənt/ adj. & n. ●adj. Gram. (of a verb, esp. in Latin or Greek) passive or middle in form but active in meaning 【语法】(尤指拉丁或希腊语中的动词)异相的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a deponent verb 【语法】异相动词 2 Law 【法律】  a  a person making a deposition under oath 宣誓证人b  a witness giving written testimony for use in court etc. (在法庭等)提供书面证言的证人 [Latin deponere (as DE-, ponere posit- ‘place’): the adj. from the notion that the verb had laid aside the passive sense]

depopulate /di:ˈpɒpjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  reduce the population of (使)减少人口 2 intr.  decline in population 减少人口 □ depopulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin depopulari (as DE-, populari ‘lay waste’ from populus ‘people’)]

deport /diˈpɔ:t/ v. tr.  1  a  remove (an immigrant or foreigner) forcibly to another country; banish 把(移民、外国人)驱逐出境，驱逐b  exile (a native) to another country 把(本国人)流放异国他乡 2 refl. literary or archaic  conduct (oneself) or behave (in a specified manner) [文学用语] [古义]使(自己)举止得体；使(带上某种特点)表现  deported himself well  他举止得体 □ deportable  adj.  □ deportation  /di:pɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French deporter and (sense 1) French déporter (as DE-, Latin portare ‘carry’)]

deportee /di:pɔ:ˈti:/ n.  a person who has been or is being deported 被驱逐出境者，流放者；被判充军之人

deportment /diˈpɔ:tm(ə)nt/ n.  bearing, demeanour, or manners, esp. of a cultivated kind (尤指有教养的一类人的)行为，举止；风度 [French déportement (as DEPORT)]

depose /diˈpəʊz/ v.  1 tr.  remove from office, esp. dethrone 撤职(尤指罢免、废黜) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or that + clause) Law  bear witness, esp. on oath in court 【法律】(尤指在法院)宣誓作证 [Middle English from Old French deposer, based on Latin deponere deposit-: see DEPONENT, POSE1]

deposit /diˈpɒzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sum of money placed or kept in an account in a bank 存款b  anything stored or entrusted for safe keeping, usu. in a bank (通常交给银行的)寄存物；委托保险物品 2  a  a sum payable as a first instalment on a mortgage or an item bought on hire purchase, or as a pledge for a contract 定金；保证金； (抵押、分期付款购买或典当的)首次付款数b  a returnable sum payable on the short-term hire of a car, boat, etc. (短期租用汽车、船只所需但可退还的)押金 3 Brit. Polit.  a sum of money deposited by an election candidate and forfeited if he or she fails to receive a certain proportion of the votes [英]【政】选举候选人筹集款，如果其不能得到一定比例的选票，此款项则取消 4  a  a natural layer of sand, rock, coal, etc. (沙、石、煤等)矿层，矿床b  a layer of accumulated matter on a surface, e.g. fur on a kettle 淤积，沉淀(如壶上的水垢) ●v. tr. (deposited, depositing)  1  a  put or lay down in a (usu. specified) place (通常在特殊地方)堆积，存放  deposited the book on the floor  把书放在地板上b (of water, wind, etc.) leave (matter etc.) lying in a displaced position (水、风等)使(物质等)沉积 2  a  store or entrust for keeping 存储，委托保管b  pay (a sum of money) into a bank account, esp. a deposit account (把一笔钱)存储(尤指定期存款) 3  pay (a sum) as a first instalment or as a pledge for a contract 交付(保证金)，抵押(金) □ on deposit  (of money) placed in a deposit account (钱)储存着 [Latin depositum (n.), medieval Latin depositare from Latin deponere deposit- (as DEPONENT)]

deposit account n. Brit.  a bank account that pays interest but from which money cannot usu. be withdrawn without notice or loss of interest [英]定期存款，存款账户(支付利息但取款必须预先通知银行)

depositary /diˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person to whom something is entrusted; a trustee 保管人，受托人 [Late Latin depositarius (as DEPOSIT)]

deposition /depəˈziʃ(ə)n, di:-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deposing, esp. a monarch; dethronement 革职，罢免(尤指废黜王位) 2 Law 【法律】  a  the process of giving sworn evidence; allegation 作证口供，证言；声明，声称，断言b  an instance of this 作证c  evidence given under oath; a testimony 宣誓作证的证言；证据 3  the act or an instance of depositing 宣誓作证 4 (作 the Deposition)  a  the taking down of the body of Christ from the Cross 耶稣降架b  a representation of this 耶稣降架的画像(或雕像) [Middle English via Old French from Latin depositio -onis, from deponere: see DEPOSIT]

depositor /diˈpɒzitə/ n.  a person who deposits money, property, etc. (钱款、财产等的)储户，存款人；寄托人

depository /diˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a storehouse or repository 仓库，贮藏室b  a store (of wisdom, knowledge, etc.) (智慧、知识等的)宝库  the book is a depository of wit  书是智慧的宝库 2  = DEPOSITARY  [Late Latin depositorium (as DEPOSIT)]

depot /ˈdepəʊ/ n.  1  a storehouse 库房，仓库 2 Mil. 【军】  a  a storehouse for equipment etc. (存放器械等的)兵站；补给站b  the headquarters of a regiment 团司令部 3  a  a building for the servicing, parking, etc. of esp. buses, trains, or goods vehicles (尤指公共汽车、火车、货运车的)车库；维修工厂(停车场等)b N. Amer.  a railway or bus station [北美]火车站；公共汽车站 [French dépôt, Old French depost from Latin (as DEPOSIT)]

deprave /diˈpreiv/ v. tr.  pervert or corrupt, esp. morally 使堕落；使腐化；败坏(尤指道德方面) □ depravation  /deprəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French depraver or Latin depravare (as DE-, pravare from pravus ‘crooked’)]

depravity /diˈpræviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  moral corruption; wickedness 堕落；腐化；邪恶b  an instance of this; a wicked act 腐化堕落的行为，恶行 2 Theol.  the innate corruptness of human nature 【神】人的堕落本性；人类与身俱来的深重罪孽 [DE- + obsolete pravity from Latin pravitas (as DEPRAVE)]

deprecate /ˈdeprikeit/ v. tr.  1  express disapproval of or a wish against (a plan, proceeding, purpose, etc.); deplore; plead earnestly against 对(计划、做法、目的等)表示不赞成；反对  deprecate hasty action  反对匆忙行事 2  a  express disapproval of (a person); reprove 抨击(某人), 责骂b  = DEPRECIATE 2  3 archaic  pray against [古义]祈求免于遭受… □ deprecatingly  adv.  □ deprecation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deprecative  /ˈdeprikətiv/ adj.  □ deprecator  n.  □ deprecatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin deprecari (as DE-, precari ‘pray’)]■Usage 用法说明 Although frequently encountered, the use of deprecate in sense 2b is widely regarded as incorrect. It is especially common, however, and no longer considered incorrect, in combination with self-, with self-deprecation, self-deprecating, and self-deprecatory being used far more often than self-depreciation, self-depreciating, and self-depreciatory. 尽管经常见到 deprecate 用作释义 2b ，但这被广泛地认为是错误的。然而，本词要是和 self 连用，如 self-deprecation ， self-deprecating 是十分常见的，也不再被认为是错误。而且， selfdeprecatory 比 self-depreciation ， self-depreciating 和 self-depreciatory 用得更为频繁。 

depreciate /diˈpri:ʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  diminish in value 贬值  the pound is still depreciating  英镑还在贬值 2 tr.  disparage; belittle 贬低；小看，轻视  they are always depreciating his taste  他们总是小看他的爱好 3 tr.  reduce the purchasing power of (money) 使(货币)贬值 □ depreciatory  /diˈpri:ʃ(i)ət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin depretiare (as DE-, pretiare from pretium ‘price’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEPRECATE. 见 DEPRECATE 的用法说明。 

depreciation /diˌpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -siˈei-/ n.  1  the amount of wear and tear (of a property etc.) for which a reduction may be made in a valuation, an estimate, or a balance sheet (资产等)折旧 2 Econ. 【经】  a  the decrease in the value of a currency 货币贬值b  an instance of this 跌价，减值 3  an instance of disparagement; belittlement 贬低；轻视，小看

depredation /depriˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  despoiling, ravaging, or plundering 掠夺，劫掠；蹂躏 2  an instance or instances of this 掠夺 [French déprédation from Late Latin depraedatio (as DE-, praedatio -onis from Latin praedari ‘plunder’)]

depredator /ˈdeprideitə/ n.  a despoiler or pillager 劫掠者；掠夺者 □ depredatory  /ˈdeprideit(ə)ri, diˈpredət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin depraedator (as DEPREDATION)]

depress /diˈpres/ v. tr.  1  push or pull down; lower 按下；压下；压低  depressed the lever  按下控制杆 2  make dispirited or dejected 使沮丧，使消沉 3 Econ.  reduce the activity of (esp. trade) 【经】使萧条(尤指贸易) 4 (as 作 depressed adj.)  a  dispirited or miserable 意志低沉的；悲惨的b Psychol.  suffering from depression 【心】郁郁不乐的 □ depressible  adj.  □ depressing  adj.  □ depressingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French depresser from Late Latin depressare (as DE-, pressare, frequentative of premere ‘press’)]

depressant /diˈpres(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that depresses 令人抑郁(或沮丧)的 2 Med.  sedative 【医】镇静的，止痛的 ●n.  1 Med.  an agent, esp. a drug, that sedates 【医】镇静剂(尤指毒品) 2  an influence that depresses 镇静效果

depressed area n.  an area suffering from economic depression 贫困地区，萧条地区

depression /diˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a Med.  a pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy, characterized by a mood of hopelessness and feelings of inadequacy, often with physical symptoms 【医】抑郁(症) (极端沮丧或者忧郁的一种病理状态，其特点是绝望和感觉空虚，常伴有生理症状)b  a reduction in vitality, vigour, or spirits (生命力、精力、精神的)衰退；消沉 2  a  a long period of financial and industrial decline; a slump (长期)萧条；暴跌b (作 the Depression) (in the UK) the depression of 1929 － 34 (英国)1929 至 1934 年间的经济大萧条 3 Meteorol.  a lowering of atmospheric pressure, esp. the centre of a region of minimum pressure or the system of winds round it 【气】(尤指低气压区中心的)低(气)压 4  a sunken place or hollow on a surface 凹陷；洼地 5  a  a lowering or sinking 降低，下沉 often foll. by 常后跟 of: depression of freezing point  凝固点降低b  pressing down 按下 6 Astron. & Geog.  the angular distance of an object below the horizon or a horizontal plane 【天】【地理】俯角(地平线以下的物体的角度距离；与水平面所形成的角度距离) [Middle English from Old French or Latin depressio (as DE-, premere press- ‘press’)]

depressive /diˈpresiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  tending to depress 令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的 2 Psychol.  involving or characterized by depression 【心】抑郁的，抑压的 ●n. Psychol.  a person suffering or with a tendency to suffer from depression 【心】抑郁病患者 [French dépressif -ive or medieval Latin depressivus (as DEPRESSION)]

depressor /diˈpresə/ n.  1 Anat. 【解】  a (in full 全称 depressor muscle)  a muscle that causes the lowering of some part of the body 降肌b  a nerve that lowers blood pressure 减压神经 2 Surgery  an instrument for pressing down an organ etc. 【外科】(按下器官等的)压(低)器，压舌板 [Latin (as DEPRESSION)]

depressurize /di:ˈpreʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cause an appreciable drop in the pressure of the gas inside (a container), esp. to the ambient level (使容器内气体)减压 , (使)降压(尤指与周围水准一致) □ depressurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deprivation /depriˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the act or an instance of depriving; the state of being deprived 夺去；剥夺  deprivation of liberty  剥夺自由 suffered many deprivations  蒙受多种损失 2  a  deposition from esp. an ecclesiastical office 罢免(尤指圣职)b  an instance of this 罢免；废黜 [medieval Latin deprivatio (as DEPRIVE)]

deprive /diˈpraiv/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  strip, dispossess; debar from enjoying 夺去；剥夺，使不能享受  illness deprived him of success  疾病使他不能成功 2 (as 作 deprived adj.)  a (of a child etc.) suffering from the effects of a poor or loveless home (儿童等)不能享有(温馨的家)的b (of an area) with inadequate housing, facilities, employment, etc. (地区)住房(设施、就业等)不足的 3 archaic  depose (esp. a clergyman) from office [古义]罢免(尤指神父教职) □ deprivable  adj.  □ deprival  n.   [Middle English via Old French depriver from medieval Latin deprivare (as DE-, Latin privare ‘deprive’)]

de profundis /dei prəˈfʊndis/ adv. & n. ●adv.  from the depths (of sorrow etc.) 从(悲哀等的)深处；悲悯已极 ●n.  a cry from the depths 从痛苦深处的呐喊 [opening Latin words of Psalm 130]

Dept. abbr. [缩略]  Department 

depth /depθ/ n.  1  a  deepness 深度  the depth is not great at the edge  周边不深b  the measurement from the top down, from the surface inwards, or from the front to the back (上下、表里、前后的)深度  depth of the drawer is 12 inches  抽屉深 12 英寸 2  difficulty; abstruseness 困难程度；深奥程度 3  a  sagacity; wisdom 明智；智慧b  intensity of emotion etc. (情感等的)深度，深切  the poem has little depth  这首诗很肤浅 4  an intensity of colour, darkness, etc. (颜色、黑暗等的)强度，浓度 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a  deep water, a deep place; an abyss 深水；幽深处；深渊b  a low, depressed state 低落压抑状态c  the lowest or inmost part 最低(或最内)部分  the depths of the country  国家内地 6  the middle 正中，当中  in the depth of winter  在隆冬 □ in depth   comprehensively, thoroughly, or profoundly (cf. 参见 IN-DEPTH) 全面地；彻底地；深入地□ out of one's depth   1  in water over one's head 水淹过头，深不着底的地方 2  engaged in a task or on a subject too difficult for one 不能理解，力所不及 [Middle English (as DEEP, -TH2)]

depth charge n. (also 亦作 depth bomb)  a bomb capable of exploding under water, esp. for dropping on a submerged submarine etc. (尤指可在深水炸水下潜艇的)深水炸弹

depthless /ˈdepθlis/ adj.  1  extremely deep; fathomless 极深的；深不可测的 2  shallow, superficial 浅的；肤浅的

depth psychology n.  psychoanalysis to reveal hidden motives etc. (揭露内在动机等的)深蕴心理学

depurate /diˈpjʊəreit, ˈdepjʊreit/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become free from impurities (使)纯化； (使)洁化 □ depuration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ depurative  /diˈpjʊərətiv/ adj. & n.  □ depurator  n.   [medieval Latin depurare (as DE-, purus ‘pure’)]

deputation /depjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a group of people appointed to represent others, usu. for a specific purpose; a delegation (通常为某特殊目的而组成的)代表团；代表的委派 [Middle English from Late Latin deputatio (as DEPUTE)]

depute v. & n. ●v. tr. /diˈpju:t/ (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  appoint as a deputy 指定为代理人 2  delegate (a task, authority, etc.) (任务、职权等)委托；授权  deputed the leadership to her  授予她领导权 ●n. /ˈdepju:t/ Sc.  a deputy [苏格兰]代理人；代表 [Middle English via Old French deputé, past part. of deputer, from Latin deputare ‘regard as, allot’ (as DE-, putare ‘think’)]

deputize /ˈdepjʊtaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  act as a deputy or understudy 充当代理人(或替角)

deputy /ˈdepjʊti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person appointed or delegated to act for another or others 代表，代理人；副官 also 亦作 attrib.: deputy manager  副经理 2 Polit.  a parliamentary representative in certain countries, e.g. France 【政】(法国等一些国家的)议会代表 3 Brit.  a coal mine official responsible for safety [英] (负责煤矿安全的)现场监工，安全检查员 □ by deputy   by proxy 由别人代理，通过代表□ deputyship  n.   [Middle English variant of DEPUTE n.]

deputy lieutenant n. Brit.  the deputy of the Lord Lieutenant of a county [英]副郡长

deracinate /diˈræsineit/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  tear up by the roots 根除，灭绝 2  obliterate, expunge 擦掉，抹去 □ deracination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French déraciner (as DE-, racine from Late Latin radicina, diminutive of radix ‘root’)]

derail /diˈreil/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  cause (a train etc.) to leave the rails 使(火车等)脱轨 □ derailment  n.   [French dérailler (as DE-, RAIL1)]

derailleur /diˈreilə, -ljə/ n.  a bicycle gear in which the ratio is changed by switching the line of the chain while pedalling so that it jumps to a different sprocket (自行车的)变速器，换档装置 [French dérailleur (as DERAIL)]

derange /diˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  1  throw into confusion; disorganize; cause to act irregularly 使错乱；弄乱；搅乱 2 (esp. as 尤作 deranged adj.)  make insane 使精神错乱  deranged by the tragic events  悲剧事件使其精神失常 3  disturb; interrupt 打搅；扰乱 □ derangement  n.   [French déranger (as DE-, rang RANK1)]

derate /di:ˈreit/ v. Brit. [英]  1 tr.  remove part or all of the burden of rates from 减免…的税额 2 intr.  diminish or remove rates 减税，免税

deration /di:ˈræʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  free (food etc.) from rationing (食物等)取消定量供给；敞开供应

Derby /ˈdɑ:bi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an annual horse race run on the flat at Epsom 德比马赛(在埃普索姆平地举行的一年一度的赛马大会)b  a similar race elsewhere 马赛  Kentucky Derby  肯塔基马赛 2 (also 亦作 derby)  a  any important sporting contest 比赛；大赛b  = LOCAL DERBY  3 (作 derby) N. Amer.  a bowler hat [北美]常礼帽；圆顶高帽 [named after the 12th Earl of Derby, d. 1834, founder of the horse race]

Derby Day n.  the day on which the Derby is run 德比马赛日

derecognize /di:ˈrekəɡnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cease to recognize the status of (esp. a trade union) 不承认；撤销(尤指对工会的)承认 □ derecognition  /-ˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deregulate /di:ˈreɡjʊleit/ v. tr.  remove regulations or restrictions from 解除对…的管制；解除对…的控制 □ deregulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Derek /ˈderik/   德里克 [人名]

derelict /ˈderəlikt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  abandoned, ownerless (esp. of a ship at sea or an empty decrepit property) (尤指海上船只)被抛弃的，被遗弃的；(遗弃的陈旧财物)无主的 2 (esp. of property) ruined; dilapidated (尤指财产)毁坏的；遗弃的 3 N. Amer.  negligent (of duty etc.) [北美] (职责)玩忽职守的 ●n.  1  a social outcast; a person without a home, a job, or property 被遗弃者；流浪者 2  abandoned property, esp. a ship 遗弃物(尤指弃船) [Latin derelictus, past part. of derelinquere (as DE-, relinquere ‘leave’)]

dereliction /derəˈlikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  neglect; failure to carry out one's obligations 懈怠，不尽责，失职  dereliction of duty  失职b  an instance of this 玩忽职守，疏忽 2  the act or an instance of abandoning; the fact or process of being abandoned 抛弃，遗弃，放弃的事实(或过程) 3  a  the retreat of the sea exposing new land 海水下落后露出的新陆地b  the land so exposed 海边新生地 [Latin derelictio (as DERELICT)]

derequisition /ˌdi:rekwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  return (requisitioned property) to its former owner 把(征用的土地、财产等)归还原主

derestrict /di:riˈstrikt/ v. tr.  1  remove restrictions from 取消对…的限制 2 Brit.  remove speed restrictions from (a road, area, etc.) [英]取消对(道路、区域等)在行车速度方面的限制 □ derestriction  n.  

deride /diˈraid/ v. tr.  laugh scornfully at; ridicule 嘲弄，嘲笑 □ derider  n.  □ deridingly  adv.   [Latin deridēre (as DE-, ridēre ris- ‘laugh’)]

de-rig /di:ˈriɡ/ v. tr. (de-rigged, de-rigging) (also absol. [亦含宾])  dismantle the rigging of (a ship or aircraft) 拆除(船或飞机的)装置

de rigueur /də riˈɡɜ:/ predic. adj.  required by custom or etiquette 按照礼节(或习俗)所要求的；按礼节常规的  evening dress is de rigueur  穿晚礼服是符合惯例的 [French, = of strictness]

derision /diˈriʒ(ə)n/ n.  ridicule; mockery 嘲笑；嘲弄  bring into derision  使成笑柄，使受嘲笑 □ hold (or have) in derision  archaic  mock at [古义]嘲笑□ derisible  /diˈrizib(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin derisio-onis (as DERIDE)]

derisive /diˈraisiv, -z-/ adj.  scoffing; ironical; scornful 嘲笑的，讥笑的；讽刺挖苦的；轻蔑的  derisive cheers  嘲笑的喝彩声 □ derisively  adv.  □ derisiveness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DERISORY. 见 DERISORY 的用法说明。 

derisory /diˈrais(ə)ri, -z-/ adj.  1  so small or unimportant as to be ridiculous 微不足道得可笑的  derisory offer  低得可笑的出价 derisory costs  可笑的代价 2  = DERISIVE  [Late Latin derisorius (as DERISION)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between derisory and derisive. Both words mean ‘scoffing’, but derisory also means ‘ridiculously small’, which is now its more usual sense. 注意 derisory 和 derisive 之间的差异。两词的意思都指“嘲弄”，但 derisory 还表示“小得可笑”，这已成了该词更常用的意思。 

derivation /deriˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of deriving or obtaining from a source; the fact or process of being derived 溯源；引出；推论 2  a  the formation of a word from another word or from a root 派生b  a derivative 派生词c  the tracing of the origin of a word 词源d  a statement or account of this 派生关系的说明(阐述) 3  extraction, descent 衍生；出身 4 Math.  a sequence of statements showing that a formula, theorem, etc., is a consequence of previously accepted statements 【数】(方程式、定理等的)求导，推导；导数；微商 □ derivational  adj.   [French dérivation or Latin derivatio (as DERIVE)]

derivative /diˈrivətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  derived from another source; not original 衍生的；缺乏独创性的；模仿他人的  his music is derivative and uninteresting  他的音乐因无独创性而显得平淡无味 ●n.  1  something derived from another source, esp. 导出(或被推论出来)的事，尤指 :a  a word derived from another or from a root (e.g. quickly from quick 如 quickly 派生于 quick) 派生词b Chem.  a chemical compound that is derived from another 【化】衍生物 2 Math.  a quantity measuring the rate of change of another 【数】导数；微商 □ derivatively  adv.   [French dérivatif -ive from Latin derivativus (as DERIVE)]

derive /diˈraiv/ v.  1 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  get, obtain, or form 取得，得到；形成  derived satisfaction from work  乐趣来自工作b (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 from) (of a word etc.) originate, be formed from (词等)起源于；由…构成 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  arise from, originate in, be descended or obtained from 起因于；起源于；出身于；得自于  happiness derives from many things  幸福来自多种事情b  = sense 1b  3 tr.  gather or deduce 收集；推论  derived the information from the clues  从线索中获得信息 4 tr.  a  trace the descent of (a person) 追溯…的起源，追寻(某人的)家世血统b  show the origin of (a thing) 说明(某事的)起源(或来由) 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  show or state the origin or formation of (a word etc.) 表明(或说明词等的)词源(或构成)  derived the word from Latin  该词源自拉丁语 6 tr. Math.  obtain (a function) by differentiation 【数】(函数)导出 □ derivable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French deriver or from Latin derivare (as DE-, rivus ‘stream’)]

derm (also 亦作 derma) var.  of DERMIS DERMIS 的变体

dermatitis /dɜ:məˈtaitis/ n.  inflammation of the skin 皮炎 [Greek derma -atos ‘skin’ + -ITIS]

dermatoglyphics /dɜ:mətəʊˈɡlifiks/ n.  the science or study of skin markings or patterns, esp. of the fingers, hands, and feet (尤指手指、手、脚的)皮纹学，肤纹学 □ dermatoglyphic  adj.  □ dermatoglyphically  adv.   [as DERMATITIS + Greek gluphē ‘carving’: see GLYPH]

dermatology /dɜ:məˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders 皮肤病学 □ dermatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ dermatologist  n.   [as DERMATITIS + -LOGY]

dermis /ˈdɜ:mis/ n. (also 亦作 derm /dɜ:m/ or derma /ˈdɜ:mə/)  1 (in general use) the skin (一般用法)皮；皮肤 2 Anat.  the true skin, the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis 【解】真皮(表皮下的一层组织) □ dermal  adj.  □ dermic  adj.   [modern Latin, suggested by EPIDERMIS]

Dermot /ˈdɜ:mɒt/   德莫特 [人名]

dernier cri /dɜ:njei ˈkri:/ n.  the very latest fashion 最新款式 [French, = last cry]

derogate /ˈderəɡeit/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 from) formal [正式]  1  take away a part from; detract from (a merit, a right, etc.) (功绩、权利等)贬损，贬低；毁损 2  deviate from (correct behaviour etc.) 偏离；违背(正确举止等) □ derogative  /diˈrɒɡətiv/ adj.   [Latin derogare (as DE-, rogare ‘ask’)]

derogation /derəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a lessening or impairment of (a law, authority, position, dignity, etc.) (法律、权力、地位、尊严等的)减轻；贬低；损害，损毁 2  deterioration; debasement 恶化；堕落 [Middle English from French dérogation or Latin derogatio (as DEROGATE)]

derogatory /diˈrɒɡət(ə)ri/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  involving disparagement or discredit; insulting, depreciatory 贬损的；诽谤的；有侮人格的；贬低的  made a derogatory remark  发表诽谤性言论 derogatory to my position  有损我的地位 □ derogatorily  adv.   [Late Latin derogatorius (as DEROGATE)]

derrick /ˈderik/ n.  1  a kind of crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, having a movable pivoted arm (旋臂式)起重机 2  the framework over an oil well or similar excavation, holding the drilling machinery 井架；钻井(高)塔 [obsolete senses hangman, gallows, from the name of a London hangman c. 1600]

derring-do /deriŋˈdu:/ n. literary or joc.  heroic courage or action [文学用语] [诙]蛮勇，大胆行为 [Middle English, = daring to do, misinterpreted by Spenser and by Scott]

derringer /ˈderin(d)ʒə/ n.  a small large-bore pistol 大口径短筒小手枪 [named after H. Deringer, American inventor d. 1868]

derris /ˈderis/ n.  1  any woody tropical climbing leguminous plant of the genus Derris, bearing leathery pods 毛鱼藤(鱼藤属热带攀援植物，结有皮质豆荚) 2  an insecticide made from the powdered root of some kinds of derris 鱼藤酮(由某些种类的鱼藤根磨碎制成的杀虫药剂) [modern Latin from Greek, = leather covering (with reference to its pod)]

derrière /deriˈeɜ:/ n. colloq. euphem.  the buttocks [口] [婉]臀部 [French, = behind]

derry /ˈderi/ n.   □ have a derry on  Austral. & NZ colloq.  be prejudiced against (a person) [澳新口]对(某人)怀有偏见；对(某人)怀恨在心 [apparently from the song-refrain derry down]

derv /dɜ:v/ n. Brit.  diesel oil for road vehicles [英] (交通工具用的)车用柴油 [diesel-engined road-vehicle]

dervish /ˈdɜ:viʃ/ n.  a member of any of several Muslim fraternities vowed to poverty and austerity (伊斯兰教的)苦行僧，托钵僧 [Turkish dervis from Persian darvēsh ‘poor, a mendicant’]

de règle /də ˈreɡl(ə), 法 də rɛɡl/ predic. adj.  customary; proper 合乎规则惯例的，习惯的；合适的 [French, = of rule]

DES abbr. hist. (in the UK) Department of Education and Science (replaced in 1992 by the DFE) [缩略] [史义] (英国)教育和科学部(自 1992 年起由教育部替代)

Des /dez/   德斯 [人名]

desalinate /di:ˈsælineit/ v. tr.  remove salt from (esp. sea water) 除去(尤指海水)中的盐分，淡化海水 □ desalination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desalinize /di:ˈsælinaiz/ v. tr. US [美]  = DESALINATE  □ desalinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desalt /di:ˈsɔ:lt, -ˈsɒlt/ v. tr.  = DESALINATE 

descale /di:ˈskeil/ v. tr.  remove the scale from 除去…的水垢

descant n. & v. ●n. /ˈdeskænt/  1 Mus.  an independent treble melody usu. sung or played above a basic melody, esp. of a hymn tune 【音】(尤指赞美诗歌的)高声(通常演唱、演奏中高于基调) 2 poet.  a melody; a song [诗]旋律；歌曲 ●v. intr. /diˈskænt, de-/  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  talk lengthily and tediously, esp. in praise of (尤指赞扬性地)详谈；详述；评论 2 Mus.  sing or play a descant 【音】唱歌；演奏 [Middle English via Old French deschant from medieval Latin discantus (as DIS-, cantus ‘song, CHANT’)]

descant recorder n. Brit.  the most common size of recorder, with a range of two octaves [英]迪斯坎特竖笛(一种高音竖笛)

descend /diˈsend/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  go or come down (a hill, stairs, etc.) (山上、楼上)下来，下降 2 intr. (of a thing) sink, fall (东西)下落；降下，落下  rain descended heavily  下着大雨 3 intr.  slope downwards, lie along a descending slope 下斜，下倾  fields descended to the beach  田野下斜到海滩 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a  make a sudden attack 突袭b  make an unexpected and usu. unwelcome visit (通常为不受欢迎的)突然造访  hope they don't descend on us at the weekend  希望他们不要在周末来访 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, to) (of property, qualities, rights, etc.) be passed by inheritance (财产、品质、权利等的)传给；祖传  the house descends from my grandmother  房子为我祖母所传 the property descended to me  财产由我继承 6 intr.  a  sink in rank, quality, etc. (等级、质量等)递减b (foll. by 后跟 to)  degrade oneself or stoop morally to (an unworthy act) 降低身份去做(卑劣的举动；) 堕落  descend to violence  堕落到使用暴力 7 intr. Mus. (of sound) become lower in pitch 【音】(声音)音调降低，下行 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  proceed (in discourse or writing) 开始，着手(演说或写作):a  in time (to a subsequent event etc.) 按时间顺序谈(下一个事件等)b  from the general (to the particular) 转而谈到(具体情况)  now let's descend to details  现在我们谈些细节问题 9 tr.  go along (a river etc.) to the sea etc. (河流等)顺流而下(至大海等) 10 intr. Printing (of a letter) have its tail below the line 【印刷】(字母)下伸 □ be descended from   have as an ancestor 是…的后裔□ descendent  adj.   [Middle English via Old French descendre from Latin descendere (as DE-, scandere ‘climb’)]

descendant /diˈsend(ə)nt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a person or thing descended from another 子孙，后代  a descendant of Charles I  查尔斯一世的后裔 [French, part. of descendre (as DESCEND)]

descender /diˈsendə/ n. Printing  a part of a letter that extends below the line 【印刷】(字母的)下伸部分

descendible /diˈsendib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a slope etc.) that may be descended (斜坡等)可走(或爬)下的；可下降的 2 Law  capable of descending by inheritance 【法律】能世袭的 [Old French descendable (as DESCEND)]

descent /diˈsent/ n.  1  a  the act of descending 下降，下落b  an instance of this 降下；降落c  a downward movement 落下 2  a  a way or path etc. by which one may descend 下坡路(道路等)b  a downward slope 向下的斜坡 3  a  being descended; lineage, family origin 世系，血统；家世  traces his descent from William the Conqueror  追溯到他是威廉一世的后裔b  the transmission of qualities, property, privileges, etc., by inheritance (品质、财产、特权等的)继承；世袭 4  a  a decline; a fall 衰落；堕落b  a lowering (of pitch, temperature, etc.) (音调、温度等的)下降 5  a sudden violent attack 袭击 [Middle English from Old French descente, from descendre DESCEND]

descramble /di:ˈskræmb(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  convert or restore (a signal) to intelligible form (把信号)转换(或储成)可理解格式 2  counteract the effects of (a scrambling device) 消除(反扰码器的)影响 3  recover an original signal from (a scrambled signal) (从反扰码信号)恢复原来的信号 □ descrambler  n.  

describe /diˈskraib/ v. tr.  1  a  state the characteristics, appearance, etc. of, in spoken or written form (性质、外貌等)描述，描绘，叙述  described the landscape  描绘景色b (foll. by 后跟 as)  assert to be; call 断言；将…称为  described him as a habitual liar  称他为惯骗 2  a  mark out or draw (esp. a geometrical figure) 标记(或画出) (尤指几何图形)  described a triangle  画了一个三角形b  move in (a specified way, esp. a curve) (以一种特定方式，尤指曲线)移动  described a parabola through the air  以抛物线形在空中运行 □ describable  adj.  □ describer  n.   [Latin describere (as DE-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

description /diˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of describing; the process of being described 描写，叙述；形容；说明b  a spoken or written representation (of a person, object, or event) (对人、物或事件的)口头(或书面)陈述 2  a sort, kind, or class 种类；式样  no food of any description  什么食物都没有 □ answers (or fits) the description   has the qualities specified 和描述的相符 [Middle English via Old French from Latin descriptio -onis (as DESCRIBE)]

descriptive /diˈskriptiv/ adj.  1  serving or seeking to describe 描写的；叙述的；说明的；记叙体的  a descriptive writer  一位记叙文作家 2  describing or classifying without expressing feelings or judging (不带感情、不加评论的)描写性的；记述性的  a purely descriptive account  纯记述性的报导 3 Linguistics  describing a language without comparing, endorsing, or condemning particular usage, vocabulary, etc. (opp. 反义 PRESCRIPTIVE) 【语言学】(特殊的用法、词汇等)描写的；描述的 4 Gram. (of an adjective) describing the noun, rather than its relation, position, etc., e.g. blue as distinct from few 【语法】(形容词)描述性的(指该形容词是描述名词，而不是表明关系、位置等，如 blue 是描写，而 few 就不是) □ descriptively  adv.  □ descriptiveness  n.   [Late Latin descriptivus (as DESCRIBE)]

descriptor /diˈskriptə/ n. Linguistics  a word or expression etc. used to describe or identify 【语言学】叙词(系索词等) [Latin, = describer (as DESCRIBE)]

descry /diˈskrai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary  catch sight of; discern [文学用语]发现；辨别；察看  descried him in the crowd  从人群中认出了他 descries no glimmer of light in her situation  看不到她处境中的一线希望 [Middle English (earlier senses ‘proclaim, DECRY’) from Old French descrier: probably confused with variant of obsolete descrive from Old French descrivre DESCRIBE]

desecrate /ˈdesikreit/ v. tr.  1  violate (a sacred place or thing) with violence, profanity, etc. (用暴力、语言等)亵渎；侮辱(圣地、圣物等) 2  deprive (a church, a sacred object, etc.) of sanctity; deconsecrate 使(教堂)不圣洁；把(圣物等)改作俗用 □ desecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desecrator  n.   [DE- + CONSECRATE]

deseed /di:ˈsi:d/ v. tr. Brit.  remove the seeds from (a plant, vegetable, etc.) [英]去除(植物、蔬菜等中的)籽

deseeder /di:ˈsi:də/ n.  a machine for deseeding 亚麻梳籽装置，亚麻脱粒机

desegregate /di:ˈseɡriɡeit/ v. tr.  abolish racial segregation in (schools etc.) or of (people etc.) 废除(学校等中的)种族隔离；废除对(人等)实行种族隔离 □ desegregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deselect /di:siˈlekt/ v. tr. Brit. Polit.  decline to select or retain as a constituency candidate in an election [英]【政】取消选定；中途淘汰 □ deselection  n.  

desensitize /di:ˈsensitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  reduce or destroy the sensitiveness of (photographic materials to light, a person to an allergen, etc.) 使麻木不仁；使无情；减少(照相材料)感光性，使(人对变应原等)不敏感 □ desensitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desensitizer  n.  

desert1 /diˈzɜ:t/ v.  1 tr.  abandon, give up, leave 抛弃；放弃；离弃；遗弃  deserted the sinking ship  遗弃沉船 2 tr.  forsake or abandon (a cause or a person, people, etc., having claims on one) 放弃(事业), 抛弃(某人等；) 背弃(人们；) 放弃(要求、索赔)  deserted his wife and children  他抛弃了妻子儿女 3 tr.  fail 失去  his presence of mind deserted him  他失去了理智 4 intr. Mil.  run away (esp. from military service) 【军】从…逃跑(尤指在军队里开小差) 5 tr. (as 作 deserted adj.)  empty, abandoned 空的；遗弃的  a deserted house  一座遗弃的房屋 □ deserter  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ desertion  /-ˈzɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French déserter via Late Latin desertare from Latin desertus (as DESERT2)]

desert2 /ˈdezət/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dry barren often sand-covered area of land, characteristically desolate, waterless, and without vegetation 沙漠 2  an uninteresting or barren subject, period, etc. 枯燥乏味的事物(或时期等)  a cultural desert  文化沙漠 ●adj.  1  uninhabited, desolate 无人迹的，无人烟的 2  uncultivated, barren 不毛的，贫瘠的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin desertus, ecclesiastical Latin desertum (n.), past part. of deserere ‘leave, forsake’]

desert3 /diˈzɜ:t/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  acts or qualities deserving reward or punishment 应得赏罚的行为(或品质)b  such reward or punishment (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 get one's just deserts) 应得的奖赏(或惩罚) 2  the fact of being worthy of reward or punishment; deservingness (值得赏罚的)事实；功过 [Middle English via Old French from deservir DESERVE]

desert boot n.  a suede etc. boot reaching to or extending just above the ankle (仿麂皮等的)沙漠靴

desertification /deˌzɜ:tifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of making or becoming a desert 沙漠化

desert island n.  a remote (usu. tropical) island presumed to be uninhabited (通常指热带的)荒岛

desert rat n. Brit. colloq.  a soldier of the 7th British armoured division (with the jerboa as a badge) in the N. African desert campaign of 1941 － 42 [英口] (1941 至 1942 年间北非沙漠战役中)英军第 7 装甲师的士兵(该师以跳鼠为标志)

deserve /diˈzɜ:v/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  show conduct or qualities worthy of (reward, punishment, etc.) 应受，值得；该得(奖励、惩罚等)  deserves to be imprisoned  该去坐牢 deserves a prize  应该获奖 □ deserve well (or ill) of   be worthy of good (or bad) treatment at the hands of 应受奖赏(惩罚)  deserves well of the electorate  有功于选民□ deservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ deservedness  /-vidnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French deservir from Latin deservire (as DE-, servire ‘serve’)]

deserving /diˈzɜ:viŋ/ adj.  meritorious 有功的，该受赏的 □ deserving of   showing conduct or qualities worthy of (praise, blame, help, etc.) (行为、品质)应得的，值得的(赞美、责备、帮助等)□ deservingly  adv.  □ deservingness  n.  

desex /di:ˈseks/ v. tr.  1  castrate or spay (an animal) 阉割，给(动物)去睾(或切除卵巢) 2  deprive of sexual qualities or attraction 去除…的性特征

desexualize /di:ˈseksjʊəlaiz, -ˈsekʃʊəl-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  deprive of sexual character or of the distinctive qualities of a sex 除去…的性特征；阉割

desiccant /ˈdesik(ə)nt/ n. Chem.  a hygroscopic substance used as a drying agent 【化】干燥剂

desiccate /ˈdesikeit/ v. tr.  remove the moisture from, dry (esp. food for preservation) (尤指给储存的食物)干燥；使脱水  desiccated coconut  干椰子肉 □ desiccation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desiccative  /-kətiv/ adj.   [Latin desiccare (as DE-, siccus ‘dry’)]

desiccator /ˈdesikeitə/ n.  1  an apparatus for desiccating 干燥器 2 Chem.  an apparatus containing a drying agent to remove the moisture from specimens 【化】(具有干燥剂以去除样品中水气的)干燥器；除湿器

desiderate /diˈzidəreit, -ˈsid-/ v. tr. archaic  feel to be missing; regret the absence of; wish to have [古义]渴望，希求，亟需 [Latin desiderare (as DE-, siderare as in CONSIDER)]

desiderative /diˈzid(ə)rətiv, -ˈsid-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Gram. (of a verb, conjugation, etc.) formed from another verb etc. and denoting a desire to perform the action of that verb etc. 【语法】(动词、同源词等)表意愿的 2  desiring 愿望的 ●n. Gram.  a desiderative verb, conjugation, etc. 【语法】愿望动词(同源词等) [Late Latin desiderativus (as DESIDERATE)]

desideratum /diˌzidəˈrɑ:təm, -ˈreitəm; -ˌsid-/ n. (pl. desiderata /-tə/)  something lacking but needed or desired 想望之物；迫切需要之物 [Latin, neut. past part. of desiderare DESIDERATE]

design /diˈzain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preliminary plan, sketch, or concept, for the making or production of a building, machine, garment, etc. (建筑、机械、服装等的)设计；草图；概念b  the art of producing these 设计艺术 2  a scheme of lines or shapes forming a pattern or decoration 图样；图案 3  a plan, purpose, or intention 计划，目的，意图 4  a  an example or a completed version of a sketch, concept, or pattern 样式，款式b  an established version of a product 产品的版式  one of our most popular designs  我们最流行的版式之一 ●v. tr.  1  produce a design for (a building, machine, picture, garment, etc.) 设计(房屋、机器、绘画、衣服等) 2  intend, plan, or purpose 打算；计划，策划  the remark was designed to offend  蓄意冒犯的评论 a course designed for beginners  为初学者设计的课程 designed an attack  策划一场进攻 3 (absol. [含宾])  be a designer 当设计师 □ by design   on purpose 故意地，蓄意地□ have designs on   have one's sights set on; plan to attack or appropriate 对…有野心；有(攻击、盗用)企图 [French désigner ‘appoint’ or obsolete French desseing, ultimately from Latin designare DESIGNATE]

designate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈdeziɡneit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  appoint to an office or function 任命；指派  designated him as postmaster general  任命他为邮政部长 designated his own successor  任命他自己的继任人 2  specify or particularize 标明；指定  receives guests at designated times  在指定时间接待客人 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  describe as; entitle, style 描述；称呼 4  serve as the name or distinctive mark of 命名；把…叫做  English uses French words to designate ballet steps  英语采用法语的词语来命名芭蕾舞舞步 ●adj. /ˈdeziɡnət/ (placed after noun) appointed to an office but not yet installed (置于名词后)表示被委派而尚未就任的，候任的  bishop designate  已被任命而尚未就任的主教 □ designator  /-neitə/ n.   [Latin designat-, past part. stem of designare (as DE-, signare from signum ‘mark’)]

designation /deziɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a name, description, or title 名称；称号，称呼 2  the act or process of designating 指派，委任 [Middle English from Old French designation or Latin designatio (as DESIGNATE)]

designedly /diˈzainidli/ adv.  by design; on purpose 故意地，特意地

designer /diˈzainə/ n.  1  a person who makes artistic designs or plans for construction, e.g. for clothing, machines, theatre sets; a draughtsman (如服装、机械、舞台布景的)设计师；制图师；构思者；打样人 2 (作 attrib.) (of clothing etc.) bearing the name or label of a famous designer; prestigious (服装等)由著名设计师专门设计的；标出著名设计师姓名的；有品牌效应的

designer drug n.  a synthetic analogue of an illegal drug, esp. one not itself illegal (尤指药物本身合法，合成后非法的)化合致幻药；强效毒品

designing /diˈzainiŋ/ adj.  crafty, artful, or scheming 狡诈的；狡猾的；诡计多端的 □ designingly  adv.  

desirable /diˈzaiərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  worth having or wishing for 值得拥有的；想要的  it is desirable that nobody should smoke  最好大家都别抽烟 2  arousing sexual desire; very attractive 引起性欲的；妩媚动人的，极吸引人的 ●n.  a desirable person or thing 理想的人(或物) □ desirability  /-ˈbiliti/ n  □ desirableness  n.  □ desirably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as DESIRE)]

desire /diˈzaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an unsatisfied longing or craving 欲望；渴望b  an expression of this; a request 愿望；期望；要求  expressed a desire to rest  表达需要休息的愿望 2  sexual appetite, lust 性欲，肉欲 3  something desired 渴望得到的东西；期望的对象  achieved his heart's desire  得到他心里渴望的东西 ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  long for; crave 欲望；渴望b  feel sexual desire for 想与…交媾 2  request 要求；请求  desires a cup of tea  想要一杯茶 3 archaic  pray, entreat, or command [古义]恳求，乞求；命令  desire him to wait  要他等一等 [Middle English via Old French desir, from desirer, from Latin desiderare DESIDERATE]

desirous /diˈzaiərəs/ predic. adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  ambitious, desiring 热望的，期望的  desirous of stardom  渴望当明星 desirous of doing well  希望做好 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  wishful; hoping 向往的，盼望的  desirous to do the right thing  想要做正义之事 [Middle English via Anglo-French desirous, Old French desireus from Romanic (as DESIRE)]

desist /diˈzist, diˈsist/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from) literary  abstain; cease [文学用语]断念；戒绝；停止  please desist from interrupting  请别打搅 when requested, he desisted  一旦向他提出要求，他就停下来 [Old French desister from Latin desistere (as DE-, sistere ‘stop’, reduplication of stare ‘stand’)]

desk /desk/ n.  1  a piece of furniture with a flat or sloped surface for writing on, and often drawers 书桌，写字台，办公桌 2  a counter in a hotel, bank, etc., which separates the customer from the assistant (饭店、银行等的)服务台；问讯台；工作台；出纳台 3  a section of a newspaper office, radio station, etc., dealing with a specified topic (报社、电台等的)编辑部  the sports desk  体育部 the features desk  专题节目部 4 Mus.  a music stand in an orchestra regarded as a unit of two players 【音】(两位管弦乐演奏者合用的)乐谱架 [Middle English via medieval Latin desca from Latin DISCUS ‘disc’]

desk-bound adj.  obliged to remain working at a desk 终日伏案工作的

deskill /di:ˈskil/ v. tr.  1  render (a skilled worker) unskilled 使(技术工)变得不熟练 2  remove the need for skill from (a job, production, etc.) 降低(工作、生产等的)技术含量

desktop /ˈdesktɒp/ n.  1  the working surface of a desk 桌面 2 (作 attrib.) (esp. of a microcomputer) suitable for use at an ordinary desk (尤指微型电脑)台式的

desktop publishing n.  the production of printed matter with a desktop computer and printer 桌面排版(系统)

desman /ˈdesmən/ n. (pl. desmans)  either of two aquatic flesh-eating shrewlike mammals, one originating in Russia (Desmana moschata) and one in the Pyrenees (Galemys pyrenaicus) 俄罗斯麝鼹；比利牛斯鼬鼹 [French & German from Swedish desman-råtta ‘muskrat’]

desmid /ˈdesmid/ n.  a microscopic unicellular freshwater alga of the family Desmidiaceae (鼓藻科)绿藻门植物；鼓藻 [modern Latin genus name Desmidium, from Greek desmos ‘band, chain’]

Desmond /ˈdezmənd/   德斯蒙德 [人名]

desolate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈdes(ə)lət/  1  left alone; solitary 孤独的，荒凉的 2 (of a building or place) uninhabited, ruined, neglected, barren, dreary, empty (建筑物、地方)无人居住的；毁灭的；遗弃的；贫瘠的；空无一物的  a desolate moor  荒凉的沼泽 3  forlorn; wretched; miserable 孤独凄凉的；可怜的；悲惨的  was left desolate and weeping  独自一人凄凉哭泣 ●v. tr. /ˈdesəleit/  1  depopulate or devastate; lay waste to 使无人烟；使荒废；使荒芜 2 (esp. as 尤作 desolated adj.)  make wretched or forlorn 使孤独可怜(的)  desolated by grief  悲伤凄凉 inconsolable and desolated  伤心悲伤 □ desolately  /-lətli/ adv.  □ desolateness  /-lətnis/ n.  □ desolator  /-leitə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin desolatus, past part. of desolare (as DE-, solare from solus ‘alone’)]

desolation /desəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of desolating 荒废；破坏；蹂躏b  the process of being desolated 荒芜；荒凉 2  loneliness, grief, or wretchedness, esp. caused by desertion (由于遗弃导致的)孤独；忧伤；悲惨 3  a neglected, ruined, barren, or empty state 荒地；废墟；荒芜；空虚状态 [Middle English from Late Latin desolatio (as DESOLATE)]

desorb /di:ˈsɔ:b/ v.  1 tr.  cause the release of (an adsorbed substance) from a surface (使) (吸入物)解吸； (使)脱附 2 intr. (of an adsorbed substance) become released 释放出(吸入物) □ desorbent  adj. & n.  □ desorption  n.   [DE-, ADSORB]

despair /diˈspɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  the complete loss or absence of hope 绝望，失望 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  lose or be without hope 绝望；失去希望  despaired of ever seeing her again  对再次见她已经不抱任何希望 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lose hope about 失去…的希望  his life is despaired of  他的一生完了 □ be the despair of   be the cause of despair by badness or unapproachable excellence 令人绝望的原因  he's the despair of his parents  他使父母感到绝望□ despairingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French desespeir, desperer from Latin desperare (as DE-, sperare ‘hope’)]

despatch var.  of DISPATCH  DISPATCH 的变体

desperado /despəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or US [美] -os)  a desperate or reckless person, esp. a criminal 亡命之徒(尤指罪犯) [pseudo-Spanish from obsolete noun DESPERATE]

desperate /ˈdesp(ə)rət/ adj.  1  reckless from despair; violent and lawless 不顾一切的，拼命的；无法无天的 2  a  extremely dangerous or serious 极端危险的，极端严峻的  a desperate situation  极为严峻的形势b  staking all on a small chance 孤注一掷的  a desperate remedy  非常手段，最后手段 3  very bad 极坏的；极度的  a desperate night  令人恐怖的夜晚 desperate poverty  赤贫 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  needing or desiring very much 极需要的；极想望的  desperate for recognition  渴望得到承认 □ desperately  adv.  □ desperateness  n.  □ desperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin desperatus, past part. of desperare (as DE-, sperare ‘hope’)]

despicable /diˈspikəb(ə)l, ˈdespik-/ adj.  vile; contemptible, esp. morally (尤指道德方面)可鄙的，卑劣的 □ despicably  adv.   [Late Latin despicabilis from despicari (as DE-, specere ‘look at’)]

despise /diˈspaiz/ v. tr.  look down on as inferior, worthless, or contemptible 轻视；鄙视；藐视 □ despiser  n.   [Middle English from despis-, pres. stem of Old French despire, from Latin despicere (as DE-, specere ‘look at’)]

despite /diˈspait/ prep. & n. ●prep.  in spite of 尽管；不管；不论；任凭 ●n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  outrage, injury 暴行；伤害 2  malice, hatred 恶意；仇恨  died of mere despite  抱恨而死 □ despite (or in despite) of  archaic  in spite of [古义]尽管；不管；任凭□ despiteful  adj.   [Middle English via Old French despit from Latin despectus ‘looking down on’, from despicere (as DESPISE)]

despoil /diˈspɔil/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) literary  plunder; rob; deprive [文学用语]抢劫；掠夺；剥夺  despoiled the roof of its lead  剥夺其领先的限度 □ despoiler  n.  □ despoilment  n.  □ despoliation  /diˌspəʊliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French despoill(i)er from Latin despoliare (as DE-, spoliare SPOIL)]

despond /diˈspɒnd/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  lose heart or hope; be dejected 泄气，沮丧，失望 ●n. archaic  despondency [古义]泄气，沮丧，失望 [Latin despondēre ‘give up, abandon’ (as DE-, spondēre ‘promise’)]

despondent /diˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ adj.  in low spirits, dejected 泄气的；沮丧的；失望的 □ despondence  n.  □ despondency  n.  □ despondently  adv.  

despot /ˈdespɒt/ n.  1  an absolute ruler 专制君主(统治者) 2  a tyrant or oppressor 暴君；压迫者 □ despotic  /-ˈspɒtik/ adj.  □ despotically  /-ˈspɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [French despote via medieval Latin despota from Greek despotēs ‘master, lord’]

despotism /ˈdespətiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  rule by a despot 专制统治b  a country ruled by a despot 专制国家 2  absolute power or control; tyranny 绝对权利(或控制)；暴政

desquamate /ˈdeskwəmeit/ v. intr. Med. (esp. of the skin) come off in scales (as in some diseases) 【医】(尤指皮肤在某些疾病中)剥落，脱落；脱皮 □ desquamation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ desquamative  /-ˈskwæmətiv/ adj.  □ desquamatory  /-ˈskwæmət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin desquamare (as DE-, squama ‘scale’)]

des res /dez ˈrez/ n. Brit. colloq.  a desirable residence [英口]理想(称心)的住处 [abbreviation]

dessert /diˈzɜ:t/ n.  1  the sweet course of a meal, served at or near the end 餐后甜点 2 Brit.  a course of fruit, nuts, etc., served after a meal [英]甜(尾)食；餐后吃的水果(或坚果) [French, past part. of desservir ‘clear the table’ (as DIS-, servir SERVE)]

dessertspoon /diˈzɜ:tspu:n/ n.  1  a spoon used for dessert, smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a teaspoon (餐后)甜点匙，中型匙 2  the amount held by this 一甜点匙的量 □ dessertspoonful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

dessert wine n.  usu. sweet wine drunk with or following dessert 餐末(通常甜)酒

destabilize /di:ˈsteibilaiz, -b(ə)l-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  render unstable 使不稳；使动摇 2  subvert (esp. a foreign government) 颠覆(尤指外国政府) □ destabilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

destination /destiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a place to which a person or thing is going 目的地 [Old French destination or Latin destinatio (as DESTINE)]

destine /ˈdestin/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, or to + infin.)  set apart; appoint; preordain; intend 留出；指定；注定；预定  destined him for the navy  他注定要当海军 □ be destined to   be fated or preordained to 命中注定  was destined to become a great man  命中注定会成为伟人 [Middle English via French destiner from Latin destinare (ultimately from stare ‘stand’)]

destiny /ˈdestini/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the predetermined course of events; fate 天数；命运b  this regarded as a power 天命 2  what is destined to happen to a particular person etc. (发生在某特殊人物身上的)天意  it was their destiny to be rejected  他们受到拒绝，这是天意 [Middle English via Old French destinée from Romanic, past part. of destinare: see DESTINE]

destitute /ˈdestitju:t/ adj.  1  without food, shelter, etc.; completely impoverished (缺少吃、住等)穷困的，赤贫的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  lacking 缺乏…的  destitute of friends  缺少朋友 □ destitution  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin destitutus, past part. of destituere ‘forsake’ (as DE-, statuere ‘place’)]

destock /di:ˈstɒk/ v. intr.  reduce the stock or quantity held 缩减储量

destrier /ˈdestriə, deˈstri:ə/ n. hist.  a warhorse [史义]军马，战马 [Middle English from Anglo-French destrer, Old French destrier, ultimately from Latin DEXTER1 ‘right’ (as the knight's horse was led by the squire with the right hand)]

destroy /diˈstrɔi/ v. tr.  1  pull or break down; demolish 破坏，毁灭；拆毁；摧毁  destroyed the bridge  摧毁桥梁 2  put an end to 打破；消除；结束  the accident destroyed her confidence  这次事故使她的信心荡然无存 3  kill (esp. a sick or savage animal) by humane means 杀戮(尤指病畜或野兽) 4  make useless; spoil utterly 使无效；宠坏 5  ruin financially, professionally, or in reputation (财政、职业、名誉方面)毁坏 6  defeat utterly 击溃  destroyed the enemy  击溃敌军 [Middle English from Old French destruire, ultimately from Latin destruere (as DE-, struere struct- ‘build’)]

destroyer /diˈstrɔiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that destroys 破坏者；起破坏作用的东西 2 Naut.  a fast warship with guns and torpedoes used to protect other ships 【海】驱逐舰

destroying angel n.  a poisonous white toadstool, Amanita virosa 鬼笔鹅膏(一种毒蘑菇)

destruct /diˈstrʌkt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  destroy (esp. one's own rocket) deliberately, esp. for safety reasons 有意摧毁(尤指出于安全原因将自己的火箭摧毁)，使自毁 2 intr.  be destroyed in this way 自毁 ●n.  an act of destructing a rocket etc. (火箭等的)自毁 [Latin destruere (as DESTROY) or as back-formation from DESTRUCTION]

destructible /diˈstrʌktib(ə)l/ adj.  able to be destroyed 可破坏的，可毁坏的 □ destructibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French destructible or Late Latin destructibilis (as DESTROY)]

destruction /diˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of destroying; the process of being destroyed 破坏，毁灭，消灭 2  a cause of ruin; something that destroys 毁灭的原因；破坏物  greed was their destruction  他们毁于贪婪 [Middle English via Old French from Latin destructio -onis (as DESTROY)]

destructive /diˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, of)  destroying or tending to destroy 破坏(性)的；有破坏作用的；有害的  destructive of her peace of mind  有害于她心境的平静 is destructive to organisms  对有机组织起破坏作用 a destructive child  坏孩子 2  negative in attitude or criticism; refuting without suggesting, helping, amending, etc. (opp. 反义 CONSTRUCTIVE) 消极的； (对建议、帮助、改进等)非建设性的  has only destructive criticism to offer  仅提出非建设性的批评 □ destructively  adv.  □ destructiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French destructif -ive from Late Latin destructivus (as DESTROY)]

destructor /diˈstrʌktə/ n. Brit.  a refuse-burning furnace [英]垃圾焚化炉

desuetude /diˈsju:itju:d, ˈdeswi-/ n.  a state of disuse 废止；不用  the custom fell into desuetude  此习俗已废止 [French désuétude or Latin desuetudo (as DE-, suescere suet- ‘be accustomed’)]

desulphurize /di:ˈsʌlfəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise, US [美] desulfurize)  remove sulphur or sulphur compounds from 使脱硫，除去…中的硫化物 □ desulphurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

desultory /ˈdes(ə)lt(ə)ri, -z-/ adj.  1  going constantly from one subject to another, esp. in a half-hearted way (尤指半心半意)散漫的；无目的的；  2  disconnected; unmethodical; superficial 不连贯的，杂乱的；肤浅的 □ desultorily  adv.  □ desultoriness  n.   [Latin desultorius ‘superficial’, from desultor ‘vaulter’ from desult- (as DE-, salt-, past part. stem of salire ‘leap’)]

detach /diˈtætʃ/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  unfasten or disengage and remove 拆卸；使分开，分离  detached the buttons  解开纽扣 detached himself from the group  离开大伙 2 Mil.  send (a ship, regiment, officer, messenger, etc.) on a separate mission 【军】分遣；派遣(船只、团、官员、使者等) 3 (as 作 detached adj.)  a  impartial; unemotional 不偏不倚(的；) 不带感情(的；) 公正(的)  a detached viewpoint  公正的观点b esp. Brit. (esp. of a house) not joined to another or others; separate [尤英] (尤指房屋)不相连的；隔开的 □ detachable  adj.  □ detachedly  /diˈtætʃidli/ adv.   [French détacher (as DE-, ATTACH)]

detached retina n.  a retina that has become detached from the underlying tissue, causing partial or total blindness 视网膜脱离(落)

detachment /diˈtætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a state of aloofness from or indifference to other people, one's surroundings, public opinion, etc. (对他人、自己四周、舆论等)超然b  disinterested independence of judgement 公正；不偏不倚 2  a  the act or process of detaching or being detached 拆开，分离；超脱；保持公正b  an instance of this 分开；公正；不偏不倚 3 Mil.  a separate group or unit of an army etc. used for a specific purpose 【军】(尤指部队中有特殊使命的)小分队；分遣队 [French détachement (as DETACH)]

detail /ˈdi:teil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small or subordinate particular; an item 小事；细节b  such a particular, considered (ironically) to be unimportant 琐事；枝节(带讽刺意味)  the truth of the statement is just a detail  陈述的事实只是枝节末事 2  a  small items or particulars (esp. in an artistic work) regarded collectively (尤指艺术作品中的)细部，局部  has an eye for detail  明察秋毫b  the treatment of them 细节处理；细部活  the detail was insufficient and unconvincing  细节处理不够充分而且也不能令人信服 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a number of particulars; an aggregate of small items 众多细节；详情  filled in the details on the form  把详细情况填入表中 4  a  a minor decoration on a building, in a picture, etc. (建筑物上、画中的)细小装饰b  a small part of a picture etc. shown alone (绘画等的)局部，细部 5 Mil. 【军】  a  the distribution of orders for the day 分派；委派b  a small detachment of soldiers etc. for special duty 选派的士兵(小组、小分队等) ●v. tr.  1  give particulars of 详述  detailed the plans  详述了方案 2  relate circumstantially 详细说明  detailed the anecdote  细说趣闻轶事 3 Mil.  assign for special duty 【军】分遣；派遣 4 (as 作 detailed adj.)  a (of a picture, story, etc.) having many details (绘画、故事等)详尽的b  itemized 详细列举的  a detailed list  明细表 □ go into detail   give all the items or particulars 详细叙述，逐一说明□ in detail   item by item, minutely 一部分一部分地；详尽地 [French détail, détailler (as DE-, tailler ‘cut’, formed as TAIL2)]

detain /diˈtein/ v. tr.  1  keep in confinement or under restraint 拘留，扣押 2  keep waiting; delay 耽搁，延期 □ detainment  n.   [Middle English from Old French detenir, ultimately from Latin detinēre detent- (as DE-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

detainee /diteiˈni:, di:-/ n.  a person detained in custody, esp. for political reasons (尤指因政治原因)被拘留者；被扣押者

detainer /diˈteinə/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the wrongful detaining of goods taken from the owner for distraint etc. (对扣押财物等的)非法扣留 2  the detention of a person in prison etc. 拘留(在监狱等) [Anglo-French detener from Old French detenir (as DETAIN)]

detect /diˈtekt/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  reveal the guilt of; discover 揭露…的罪行；查明  detected him in his crime  查出他有罪b  discover (a crime) 侦查出(罪行) 2  discover or perceive the existence or presence of 觉察；发觉；发现  detected a smell of burning  闻到烧煳味 do I detect a note of sarcasm?  我觉察到一点讥讽的口气了吗？ 3 Physics  use an instrument to observe (a signal, radiation, etc.) 【物理学】(利用仪器)检测(信号、辐射等) □ detectable  adj.  □ detectably  adv.   [Latin detegere detect- (as DE-, tegere ‘cover’)]

detection /diˈtekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of detecting; the process or an instance of being detected 察觉，侦查 , 2  the work of a detective 侦探工作 3 Physics  the extraction of a desired signal; a demodulation 【物理学】检波；解调 [Late Latin detectio (as DETECT)]

detective /diˈtektiv/ n. & adj. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a person, esp. a member of a police force, employed to investigate crimes (尤指雇用警察的)侦探 ●adj.  serving to detect (用于)侦探的 [DETECT]

detector /diˈtektə/ n.  1  a person or thing that detects 发现者，发觉者；探测器，检验器 2 Physics  a device for the detection or demodulation of signals 【物理学】检波器；整流器

detent /diˈtent/ n.  1  a catch by the release of which machinery is allowed to move (机械中的)棘爪掣；止动器 2 (in a clock etc.) a catch that regulates striking (钟表等机件中的)擒纵装置 [French détente from Old French destente, from destendre ‘slacken’ (as DE-, Latin tendere)]

detention /diˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  detaining or being detained 滞留；拘留 2  a  being kept in school after hours as a punishment (处罚学生的)课后留校b  an instance of this 课后留校处罚 3  custody; confinement 监禁；拘留；禁闭 [French détention or Late Latin detentio (as DETAIN)]

detention centre n. Brit.  an institution for the brief detention of young offenders [英] (青少年罪犯的)感化中心；拘留中心

deter /diˈtɜ:/ v. tr. (deterred, deterring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  discourage or prevent (a person) through fear or dislike of the consequences 威慑住；吓住(某人) 2  discourage, check, or prevent (a thing, process, etc.) 制止；阻止；防止(某事、某过程等) [Latin deterrēre (as DE-, terrēre ‘frighten’)]

detergent /diˈtɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble, and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water 洗涤剂；清洁剂 2  any additive with a similar action, e.g. holding dirt in suspension in lubricating oil 去污剂 ●adj.  cleansing, esp. in the manner of a detergent (尤指通过使用洗涤剂)使洁净的；净化的 [Latin detergēre (as DE-, tergēre ters- ‘wipe’)]

deteriorate /diˈtiəriəreit/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become bad or worse (使)恶化； (使)变坏； (使)变质  food deteriorates in hot weather  食物在热天易变质 his condition deteriorated after the operation  手术后他的情况恶化了 □ deterioration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ deteriorative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin deteriorare deteriorat- from Latin deterior ‘worse’]

determinant /diˈtɜ:minənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to determine or define 决定性的；限定性的 ●n.  1  a determining factor, element, word, etc. 决定因素；决定物(限定词等) 2 Math.  a quantity obtained by the addition of products of the elements of a square matrix according to a given rule 【数】行列式，方阵 [Latin determinare (as DETERMINE)]

determinate /diˈtɜ:minət/ adj.  1  limited in time, space, or character (时间、空间、人物)限定的 2  of definite scope or nature 确定的；明确的 □ determinacy  n.  □ determinately  adv.  □ determinateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin determinatus, past part. of determinare DETERMINE]

determination /diˌtɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  firmness of purpose; resoluteness 决心；果断 2  the process of deciding, determining, or calculating 决定；确定；结论 3  a  the conclusion of a dispute by the decision of an arbitrator (仲裁者对争议做出的)裁决b  the decision reached 裁定 4 Law  the cessation of an estate or interest 【法律】(不动产或利益的)终止 5 Law  a judicial decision or sentence 【法律】司法裁决；宣判，判决 6 archaic  a tendency to move in a fixed direction [古义] (固定的)移动方向；倾向 [Middle English via Old French from Latin determinatio -onis (as DETERMINE)]

determinative /diˈtɜ:minətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to define, qualify, or direct 决定的，限定的，确定的 ●n.  a determinative thing or circumstance 决定性事情(或情况) □ determinatively  adv.   [French déterminatif -ive (as DETERMINE)]

determine /diˈtɜ:min/ v.  1 tr.  find out or establish precisely 确定；查明；测定  have to determine the extent of the problem  必须确定问题的范畴 2 tr.  decide or settle 使下决心；使决定  determined who should go  决定谁要去 3 tr.  be a decisive factor in regard to 是…的决定因素  demand determines supply  需求决定供应 4 intr. & tr.  make or cause (a person) to make a decision 决定；使(某人)做出决定  we determined to go at once  我们决定马上动身 what determined you to do it?  促使你做此的原因是什么？ 5 tr. & intr. esp. Law  bring or come to an end (尤)【法律】结束；终止 6 tr. Geom.  fix or define the position of 【几】求出 □ be determined   be resolved 决心，决意  was determined not to give up  决定不予放弃□ determinable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French determiner from Latin determinare (as DE-, terminus ‘end’)]

determined /diˈtɜ:mind/ adj.  showing determination; resolute, unflinching 已下决心的；坚决的；不畏缩的 □ determinedly  adv.  □ determinedness  n.  

determiner /diˈtɜ:minə/ n.  1  a person or thing that determines 决定者；起决定作用的人(或事) 2 Gram.  any of a class of words (e.g. a, the, every) that determine the kind of reference a noun or noun group has 【语法】限定词；限定成分(如 a 、 the 和 every)

determinism /diˈtɜ:miniz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that all events, including human action, are determined by causes regarded as external to the will 【哲】决定论(包括人类行动在内的一切事件均由意愿之外的原因所决定) □ determinist  n.  □ deterministic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ deterministically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

deterrent /diˈter(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that deters 威慑的；遏制的；制止的 ●n.  a deterrent thing or factor, esp. a nuclear weapon regarded as deterring an enemy from attack 威慑物；威慑力量；威慑因数(尤指视为对付敌方打击威慑因素的核武器) □ deterrence  n.  

detest /diˈtest/ v. tr.  hate, loathe 憎恨；厌恶，嫌恶 □ detester  n.   [Latin detestari (as DE-, testari ‘call to witness’ from testis ‘witness’)]

detestable /diˈtestəb(ə)l/ adj.  intensely disliked; very unpleasant; hateful 厌恶的，嫌恶的；可憎的 □ detestably  adv.  

detestation /di:teˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  intense dislike, hatred 嫌恶；憎恶 2  a detested person or thing 令人厌恶的人(或事) [Middle English via Old French from Latin detestatio -onis (as DETEST)]

dethrone /di:ˈθrəʊn, di-/ v. tr.  1  remove from the throne, depose 废黜，废立 2  remove from a position of authority or influence 罢免 □ dethronement  n.  

detonate /ˈdetəneit/ v.  1 tr.  set off (an explosive charge) 引爆；起爆爆炸装置 2 intr. (of an explosive charge) be set off, explode, esp. loudly (尤指炸药发出巨响地)爆炸 □ detonative  adj.   [Latin detonare detonat- (as DE-, tonare ‘thunder’)]

detonation /detəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or process of detonating 爆炸；引爆b  a loud explosion 爆炸的巨响 2  the premature combustion of fuel in an internal-combustion engine, causing it to pink (燃料在内燃机燃烧室内的预燃引发)爆燃；爆鸣 [French détonation from détoner (as DETONATE)]

detonator /ˈdetəneitə/ n.  1  a device or a small sensitive charge used to detonate an explosive 雷管；起爆筒；起爆剂 2  a warning signal on a railway line which is set off when a train passes over it (铁路线路的)响墩(用作警告信号)

detour /ˈdi:tʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a divergence from a direct or intended route; a roundabout course 迂回的路，绕行的路；兜圈子；离题 2 US [美]  = DIVERSION 4  ●v. intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a detour (使)绕道而行； (使)离题 [French détour ‘change of direction’ from détourner ‘turn away’ (as DE-, TURN)]

detox n. & v. esp. US colloq. [尤美口] ●n. /ˈdi:tɒks/  = DETOXIFICATION  ●v. /di:ˈtɒks/  1 tr.  subject (an alcoholic or drug addict) to detoxification 使戒去酒瘾(或毒瘾) 2 intr. (of a person) subject oneself to detoxification; undergo treatment to come off drugs (人)戒除酒瘾(或毒瘾)

detoxicate /di:ˈtɒksikeit/ v. tr.  = DETOXIFY  □ detoxication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [DE- + Latin toxicum ‘poison’, on the pattern of intoxicate]

detoxification /di:ˌtɒksifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of detoxifying, esp. an alcoholic or drug addict 解毒；去毒(尤指去除酒瘾或毒瘾)

detoxification centre n.  a (usu. residential) centre for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction 戒毒中心(通常需寄宿)

detoxify /di:ˈtɒksifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  remove the poison from 使戒(解)毒 [DE- + Latin toxicum ‘poison’]

detract /diˈtrækt/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  a  reduce 减损；降低b  diminish, belittle 缩小；贬低；诋毁 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  take away (a part of something) 转移(部分东西；) 分散；使分心 □ detraction  n.  □ detractive  adj.  □ detractor  n.   [Latin detrahere detract- (as DE-, trahere ‘draw’)]

detrain /di:ˈtrein/ v. intr. & tr.  alight or cause to alight from a train (使)下火车；从火车上卸下 □ detrainment  n.  

detribalize /di:ˈtraib(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person) no longer a member of a tribe 使(某人)脱离部落 2  destroy the tribal habits of 使消除部落习俗 □ detribalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

detriment /ˈdetrim(ə)nt/ n.  1  harm, damage 损害；伤害 2  something causing this 造成损害(或不利)的事物 [Middle English from Old French detriment or Latin detrimentum (as DE-, terere trit- ‘rub, wear’)]

detrimental /detriˈment(ə)l/ adj.  harmful; causing loss 有害的；不利的 □ detrimentally  adv.  

detrition /diˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  wearing away by friction 磨损；磨耗 [medieval Latin detritio (as DETRIMENT)]

detritus /diˈtraitəs/ n.  1  matter produced by erosion, such as gravel, sand, silt, rock-debris, etc. 岩屑；碎石(如砂砾、砂、粉砂、岩屑等) 2  debris of any kind; rubbish, waste 瓦砾；垃圾；废物 □ detrital  /diˈtrait(ə)l/ adj.   [French détritus from Latin detritus = wearing down (as DETRIMENT)]

Detroit /dəˈtrɒit/ n.  底特律 [美国城市]

de trop /də ˈtrəʊ/ predic. adj.  not wanted, unwelcome, in the way 多余的；不需要的；不受欢迎的；妨碍的 [French, = excessive]

Dettol /ˈdetɒl, -t(ə)l/ n. propr.  a type of surgical or household disinfectant [商标]滴露；地特尔(一种外科用或家用消毒剂) [invented name]

detumescence /di:tjʊˈmes(ə)ns/ n.  subsidence from a swollen state 消肿；退肿 [Latin detumescere (as DE-, tumescere ‘swell’)]

detune /di:ˈtju:n/ v. tr.  adjust (a mechanism, musical instrument, etc.) so that it is no longer tuned (对机械装置、乐器等)去谐，解调

deuce1 /dju:s/ n.  1  the two on dice or playing cards 骰子两点的一面；两点的纸牌 2 Tennis  the score of 40 all, at which two consecutive points are needed to win 【网球】局末平分(连赢两分后方算胜) [Old French deus from Latin duo (accusative duos) ‘two’]

deuce2 /dju:s/ n. colloq.  misfortune, the Devil, used esp. as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口]倒霉；晦气(尤用来表示吃惊、恼怒)  who the deuce are you?  你究竟是谁？ □ a (or the) deuce of a   a very bad or remarkable 非常糟糕的…，极麻烦的…；异常的…  a deuce of a problem  极麻烦的问题 a deuce of a fellow  极糟糕的人□ the deuce to pay   trouble to be expected 极大麻烦；倒霉；糟糕 [Low German duus, formed as DEUCE1, two aces at dice being the worst throw]

deuced /ˈdju:sid, dju:st/ adj. & adv. archaic  damned, confounded [古义]该咒骂的；该死的  a deuced liar  该死的骗子 □ deucedly  /ˈdju:sidli/ adv.  非常

deus ex machina /ˌdeiʊs eks ˈmækinə, ˌdi:əs eks məˈʃi:nə/ n.  an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, esp. in a play or novel (尤指小说、剧本里扭转局面的)解围的人(或事件) [modern Latin translation of Greek theos ek mēkhanēs, = god from the machinery (by which in the Greek theatre the gods were suspended above the stage)]

Deut. abbr.  Deuteronomy (Old Testament) [缩略] 《申命记》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

deuteragonist /dju:təˈræɡənist/ n.  the person second in importance to the protagonist in a drama 第二演员，演二流角色的演员 [Greek deuteragōnistēs (as DEUTERO-, agōnistēs ‘actor’)]

deuterate /ˈdju:təreit/ v. tr.  replace the usual isotope of hydrogen in (a substance) by deuterium 使(某物)氘化 □ deuteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

deuterium /dju:ˈtiəriəm/ n. Chem.  a stable isotope of hydrogen with a mass about double that of the usual isotope 【化】氘，重氢 [modern Latin, formed as DEUTERO- + -IUM]

deutero- /ˈdju:tərəʊ/ comb. form  second [构词成分]第二；次；再 [Greek deuteros ‘second’]

deuterocanonical /ˌdju:tərəʊkəˈnɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  of or forming a secondary canon (of sacred writings) (圣典) (构成)别集的；(构成)旁经的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at APOCRYPHA. 见 APOCRYPHA 的用法说明。 

Deutero-Isaiah /ˌdju:tərəʊaiˈzaiə/ n.  the supposed later author of Isaiah 40 － 55 《第二以赛亚书》；《圣经·以赛亚书》的第 40 至 55 章

deuteron /ˈdju:tərɒn/ n. Physics  the nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of a proton and a neutron 【物理学】氘核，重氢核 [DEUTERIUM + -ON]

Deutschmark /ˈdɔitʃmɑ:k/ n. (also 亦作 Deutsche Mark /ˈdɔitʃə mɑ:k/)  the chief monetary unit of Germany 马克(德国货币单位，现统一为欧元) [German, = German mark (see MARK2)]

deutzia /ˈdju:tsiə, ˈdɔit-/ n.  any ornamental shrub of the genus Deutzia, with usu. white flowers 溲疏属植物(通常开白花的观赏用灌木) [named after J. Deutz, 18th-c. Dutch patron of botany]

devalue /di:ˈvælju:/ v. tr. (devalues, devalued, devaluing)  1  reduce the value of 降低…的价值；贬值 2 Econ.  reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or to gold (opp. 反义 REVALUE) 【经】(货币)贬值 □ devaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Devanagari /deivəˈnɑ:ɡ(ə)ri, dev-/ n.  the alphabet used for Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian languages 天城文书(用于梵文、印地文和其他印度语言) [Sanskrit, = divine town script]

devastate /ˈdevəsteit/ v. tr.  1  lay waste; cause great destruction to 使荒芜；毁坏；蹂躏 2 (often in passive 常用被动)  overwhelm with shock or grief; upset deeply 压倒；使垮掉；使混乱 □ devastation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ devastator  n.   [Latin devastare devastat- (as DE-, vastare ‘lay waste’)]

devastating /ˈdevəsteitiŋ/ adj.  crushingly effective; overwhelming 破坏性极大的；毁灭性的；压倒一切的 □ devastatingly  adv.  

devein /di:ˈvein/ v. tr.  remove the main central vein from (a shrimp or prawn) 去掉(虾或对虾的)肠线

develop /diˈveləp/ v. (developed, developing)  1 tr. & intr.  a  make or become bigger or fuller or more elaborate or systematic 培育；发展；研制  the new town developed rapidly  这座新城发展迅速b  bring or come to an active or visible state or to maturity 使成长；呈现出；使发育  developed a plan of action  形成一个行动计划c  bring or come into existence (逐渐)产生  an argument developed  产生争论 2 tr.  begin to exhibit or suffer from (逐渐)产生；患(病)  developed a rattle  出现一片喋喋不休的杂乱声 3 tr.  a  construct new buildings on (land) 在(土地)上进行建设b  convert (land) to a new purpose so as to use its resources more fully 开发(土地、资源) 4 tr.  treat (photographic film etc.) to make the latent image visible 使(胶卷等)显影；显(影) 5 tr. Mus.  elaborate (a theme) by modification of the melody, harmony, rhythm, etc. 【音】(更改旋律、和音、韵律等)展开(主题) 6 tr. Chess  bring (a piece) into position for effective use 【棋类】出(子) □ developer  n.   [French développer from Romanic (as DIS-, origin of second element unknown)]

developable /diˈveləpəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be developed 可发展的；可开发的；可显影的

developable surface n.  a surface that can be flattened into a plane without overlap or separation, e.g. a cylinder 可展曲面(如圆柱体)

developing country n.  a poor or undeveloped country that is becoming more advanced economically and socially 发展中国家

development /diˈveləpm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of developing; the process of being developed 开发；发展 2  a  a stage of growth or advancement 生长(发育)期b  a thing that has developed, esp. an event or circumstance (尤指事态)新情况；新消息  the latest developments  事态的最新发展 3  a full-grown state 成长阶段 4  the process of developing a photograph (照片的)洗印 5  a developed area of land 开发区 6  industrialization or economic advancement of a country or an area 国家(或地区)的工业化(或经济发展) 7 Mus.  the elaboration of a theme or themes, esp. in the middle section of a sonata movement 【音】(尤指奏鸣曲乐章中间部分)对主题的展开 8 Chess  the developing of pieces from their original position 【棋类】出子

developmental /diˌveləpˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  incidental to growth 发展中的；生长的；发育的  developmental diseases  发育病 2  evolutionary 进化的 □ developmentally  adv.  

development area n. Brit.  one where new industries are encouraged in order to counteract unemployment [英] (政府为对付失业、鼓励工业投资的)开发区

deviant /ˈdi:viənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that deviates from the normal, esp. in social or sexual behaviour (尤指在社会或性行为方面)偏常的；不正常的；异常的 ●n.  a deviant person or thing 不正常的人(或事) □ deviance  n.  □ deviancy  n.   [Middle English (as DEVIATE)]

deviate v., n. & adj. ●v. intr. /ˈdi:vieit/ (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  turn aside or diverge (from a course of action, rule, truth, etc.); digress 背离；偏离；离题(行动路线、规则、真理等) ●n. /ˈdi:viət/  a deviant, esp. a sexual pervert 偏常者；不正常者(尤指性变态者) ●adj. /ˈdi:viət/  = DEVIANTadj.  □ deviator  n.  □ deviatory  /-viət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin deviare deviat- (as DE-, via ‘way’)]

deviation /di:viˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  deviating, digressing 背离；偏离；离题b  an instance of this 偏离 2 Polit.  a departure from accepted party doctrine 【政】背离(政党的路线方针) 3 Statistics  the amount by which a single measurement differs from the mean 【统计学】离差 4 Naut.  the deflection of a ship's compass needle caused by iron in the ship etc. 【海】(船只上因铁而造成的)磁罗盘偏差 □ deviational  adj.  □ deviationism  n.  □ deviationist  n.   [French déviation from medieval Latin deviatio -onis (as DEVIATE)]

device /diˈvais/ n.  1  a  a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, esp. a mechanical contrivance (尤指机械构造的)装置；器械；器具；机件b  an explosive contrivance; a bomb 爆炸物；炸弹 2  a plan, scheme, or trick 计划；策略，手段 3  a  an emblematic or heraldic design 商标(或纹章)图案b  a drawing or design 图样；图案；设计 4 archaic  make, look [古义]构造；样式  things of rare device  样式罕见的东西 □ leave a person to his or her own devices   leave a person to do as he or she wishes 听任…自便；让…按个人意愿行事 [Middle English from Old French devis, ultimately from Latin (as DIVIDE)]

devil /ˈdev(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. 通常作 the Devil) (in Christian and Jewish belief) the supreme spirit of evil; Satan (基督教和犹太教中的)魔鬼；撒旦 2  a  an evil spirit; a demon; a superhuman malignant being 邪恶的精灵；恶魔；魔王b  a personified evil force or attribute 人格化了的邪恶力量(或特性) 3  a  a wicked or cruel person 恶棍；邪恶(或残酷狠毒)的人b  a mischievously energetic, clever, or self-willed person 好恶作剧能干而精力旺盛的人；聪明任性的人 4 colloq.  a person, a fellow [口]人；家伙  lucky devil  幸运儿 5  fighting spirit, mischievousness 斗志；淘气  the devil is in him tonight  他今天晚上着魔似地精力旺盛 6 colloq.  something difficult or awkward [口]困难(或尴尬)的事  this door is a devil to open  这扇门打开真费劲 7 (the devil or the Devil) colloq.  used as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance [口]究竟，到底(用作惊奇或恼怒的感叹)  who the devil are you?  你到底是谁？ 8 Brit.  a literary hack exploited by an employer [英]雇用文人 9  a junior legal counsel 律师助手 10  = TASMANIAN DEVIL  11  an instrument or machine, esp. one fitted with sharp teeth or spikes, used for tearing or other destructive work 粉碎机；切碎机(尤指装有尖齿状物或长钉，用于撕裂或其他破坏性工作的器械或机器) 12 S. Afr. [南非]  = DUST DEVIL  ●v. (devilled, devilling; US [美] deviled, deviling)  1 tr.  cook (food) with hot seasoning 拌辣味料烹调(食物) 2 intr. Brit.  act as a devil for an author or barrister [英]为作家捉刀；给律师当助手 3 tr. US  harass, worry [美]困扰；烦恼 □ between the devil and the deep blue sea   in a dilemma 进退两难□ devil-may-care   cheerful and reckless 无所顾虑；不在意□ a devil of  colloq.  a considerable, difficult, or remarkable [口]相当的；麻烦的；非常的□ devil a one   not even one 连一个也没有□ devil's own  colloq.  very difficult or unusual [口]十分困难的，不寻常的  the devil's own job  非常艰难的工作□ devil take the hindmost   a motto of selfish competition 让逃得最慢的人被魔鬼抓去吧；落后者遭殃(你死我活竞争的箴言)□ the devil to pay   trouble to be expected 倒霉；预期的麻烦□ go to the devil   1  be damned 滚开！见你的鬼去！  2 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  depart at once 立即走开□ like the devil   with great energy 精力充沛地□ play the devil with   cause severe damage to 搞坏；搅乱□ speak (or talk) of the devil   said when a person appears just after being mentioned 说曹操，曹操到□ the very devil  (作 predic.) colloq.  a great difficulty or nuisance [口]极大的困难，极为讨厌 [Old English dēofol via Late Latin diabolus from Greek diabolos ‘accuser, slanderer’, from dia ‘across’ + ballō ‘to throw’]

devilfish /ˈdev(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  = DEVIL RAY  2  any of various fish, esp. the stonefish 大头鱼(尤指石鱼) 3 hist.  an octopus [史义]章鱼

devilish /ˈdev(ə)liʃ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or like a devil; evil (似)恶魔的；穷凶极恶的；邪恶的 2  mischievous 恶作剧的，淘气的 ●adv. colloq.  very, extremely [口]非常，极 □ devilishly  adv.  □ devilishness  n.  

devilment /ˈdev(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n.  mischief, wild spirits 恶作剧；魔鬼似的行径；恶行

devil ray n.  any cartilaginous fish of the family Mobulidae, esp. the manta 软骨类鲾鲼科鱼(尤指双吻前口鲾鲼)

devilry /ˈdev(ə)lri/ n. (also 亦作 deviltry) (pl. -ies)  1  a  wickedness; reckless mischief 邪恶，残暴；恶作剧b  an instance of this 魔鬼似的行径 2  a  black magic 巫术，妖术b  the Devil and his works 魔鬼；魔鬼学 [Old French diablerie: -try suggested by harlotry etc.]

devil's advocate n.  1  a person who argues against a proposition, to test it or provoke discussion 为争辩而故意持不同意见的人；有意唱反调的人 2 RC Ch. hist.  a person appointed to challenge a proposed beatification, canonization, etc. 【天主教】[史义]列圣审查员(负责审查人在死后的赐福、圣者等的官员)

devil's bit n.  any of various plants whose roots look bitten off, esp. a kind of scabious (Succisa pratensis) 山萝卜属植物(尤指飞蓬)

devil's coach-horse n. Brit.  a large rove beetle, Staphylinus olens [英]排臭隐翅虫

devil's darning needle n.  a dragonfly or damselfly 蜻蜓；豆娘

devil's dozen n.  thirteen 13; 13 个

devils-on-horseback n. pl. Brit.  a savoury of prunes or plums wrapped in slices of bacon [英]熏肉包梅干(或李脯)的开胃菜肴

devious /ˈdi:viəs/ adj.  1 (of a person etc.) not straightforward, underhand (人等)不坦率的；不光明正大的；阴险的 2  winding, circuitous 蜿蜒的；迂回的 3  erring, straying 犯错误的；走入歧途的；漂泊游荡的 □ deviously  adv.  □ deviousness  n.   [Latin devius from DE- + via ‘way’]

devise /diˈvaiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  plan or invent by careful thought 设计；策划；想出；发明 2 Law  leave (real estate) by the terms of a will (cf. 参见 BEQUEATH) 【法律】遗赠(不动产) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of devising (不动产的)遗赠 2 Law  a devising clause in a will 【法律】(遗嘱中的)遗赠条款 □ devisable  adj.  □ devisee  /-ˈzi:/ n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ deviser  n.  □ devisor  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French deviser, ultimately from Latin dividere divis- DIVIDE: the noun via Old French devise from medieval Latin divisa, fem. past part. of dividere]

devitalize /di:ˈvait(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  take away strength and vigour from 使失去生命力；使伤元气；使衰弱 □ devitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

devitrify /di:ˈvitrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  deprive of vitreous qualities; make (glass or vitreous rock) opaque and crystalline 除去玻璃光泽；使(玻璃、玻璃岩)不透明(反玻璃化) □ devitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

devoid /diˈvɔid/ predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  quite lacking or free from 毫无的；缺乏的；没有的  a book devoid of all interest  索然无味的书 [Middle English, past part. of obsolete devoid from Old French devoidier (as DE-, VOID)]

devoir /dəˈvwɑ:/ n. archaic [古义]  1  duty, one's best 本分；责任；职责  do one's devoir  尽本分 2 (in pl. 用复数)  courteous or formal attentions; respects 敬意；问候  pay one's devoirs to  向…致敬 [Middle English from Anglo-French dever = Old French deveir, from Latin debēre ‘owe’]

devolute /ˈdi:vəlu:t, ˈdev-/ v. tr.  transfer by devolution 移交；转移 [as DEVOLVE]

devolution /di:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, dev-/ n.  1  the delegation of power, esp. by central government to local or regional administration (中央政府对地方政府的)权力下放，分权 2  a  descent or passing on through a series of stages 依次传下；相传b  descent by natural or due succession from one to another of property or qualities (产权)转让；继承 3  the lapse of an unexercised right to an ultimate owner (未行使的权利)移交 4 Biol.  degeneration 【生】退行进化，退化 □ devolutionary  adj.  □ devolutionist  n.   [Late Latin devolutio (as DEVOLVE)]

devolve /diˈvɒlv/ v.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, etc.)  a tr.  pass (work or duties) to (a deputy etc.) 转移，移交(工作、职责)给(代理人等)b intr. (of work or duties) pass to (a deputy etc.) (工作、职责)转移；移交 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, to, upon) Law (of property etc.) descend or fall by succession to 【法律】(不动产等)转让；被继承 □ devolvement  n.   [Middle English from Latin devolvere devolut- (as DE-, volvere ‘roll’)]

Devon /ˈdevən/ n.  德文岛 [英国]

Devonian /deˈvəʊniən, di-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Devon in SW England (英格兰西南部)德文郡的 2 Geol.  of or relating to the fourth period of the Palaeozoic era with evidence of the first amphibians and tree forests 【地质】泥盆纪(的；) 泥盆系(的) ●n.  1  this period or system 泥盆纪时期(或系) 2  a native of Devon 德文郡人 [medieval Latin Devonia ‘Devonshire’]

devote /diˈvəʊt/ v. tr. & refl.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  apply or give over (resources etc. or oneself) to (a particular activity or purpose or person) 将(资源等或自己)献给(某特殊活动、目的或某人；) 奉献…给；专用于…；献身于…；致力于…  devoted their time to reading  他们把时间专用于阅读 devoted himself to his guests  他致力于为客人服务 2 archaic  doom to destruction [古义]该死；该诅咒 □ devotement  n.   [Latin devovēre devot- (as DE-, vovēre ‘vow’)]

devoted /diˈvəʊtid/ adj.  very loving or loyal 挚爱的；恩爱的；忠实的  a devoted husband  挚爱的丈夫 □ devotedly  adv.  □ devotedness  n.  

devotee /devəʊˈti:/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a zealous enthusiast or supporter 热心之士；献身者；爱好者 2  a zealously pious or fanatical person 虔诚(或狂热)的宗教信徒

devotion /diˈvəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  enthusiastic attachment or loyalty (to a person or cause); great love (对事业)奉献；(对人)热爱；挚爱 2  a  religious worship 虔诚b (in pl. 用复数)  prayers 祈祷c  devoutness, religious fervour 宗教热情 □ devotional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French devotion or Latin devotio (as DEVOTE)]

devour /diˈvaʊə/ v. tr.  1  eat hungrily or greedily 吞食，狼吞虎咽地吃 2 (of fire etc.) engulf, destroy (火等)吞没；毁灭 3  take in greedily with the eyes or ears 贪婪(或热切)地读(看、瞧、听)  devoured book after book  他贪婪地一本接一本地阅读 4  absorb the attention of 使专注；使沉迷  devoured by anxiety  忧愁极了 □ devourer  n.  □ devouringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French devorer from Latin devorare (as DE-, vorare ‘swallow’)]

devout /diˈvaʊt/ adj.  1  earnestly religious 虔诚的 2  earnestly sincere 真诚的；诚挚的；诚恳的  devout hope  真诚的希望 □ devoutly  adv.  □ devoutness  n.   [Middle English via Old French devot from Latin devotus, past part. of devovēre DEVOTE]

DEW abbr. [缩略]  distant early warning 

dew /ˈdju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  atmospheric vapour condensing in small drops on cool surfaces at night 露，露水 2  beaded or glistening moisture resembling this, e.g. tears 露珠，小水珠(如泪珠) 3  freshness, refreshing quality 朝气，清新 ●v. tr.  wet with or as with dew (似用露水)沾湿，弄湿 [Old English dēaw, from Germanic]

dewan /diˈwɑ:n/ n.  the prime minister or finance minister of an Indian state 迪万(印度总理或邦财政部长) [Arabic & Persian diwɑˉn ‘fiscal register’]

dewar /ˈdju:ə/ n.  a double-walled flask of steel or silvered glass with a vacuum between the walls to reduce the transfer of heat 杜瓦瓶(一种双壁、真空、钢或镀银玻璃的细颈瓶) [named after Sir James Dewar, British physicist d. 1923]

dewater /di:ˈwɔ:tə/ v. tr.  remove water from 使脱水

dewberry /ˈdju:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a bluish fruit like the blackberry (蓝色似黑莓的)露莓 2  the shrub, Rubus caesius, bearing this (悬钩子属)欧洲露莓

dewclaw /ˈdju:klɔ:/ n.  1  a rudimentary inner toe found on some dogs (一些犬未退化的)残留趾 2  a false hoof on a deer etc. (鹿等的)假蹄；悬蹄

dewdrop /ˈdju:drɒp/ n.  1  a drop of dew 露珠 2  something resembling this 露珠状物

Dewey decimal classification /ˈdju:i/ n. (also 亦作 Dewey system colloq. [口])  a decimal system of library classification (图书馆藏书的)杜威十进分类法 [named after M. Dewey, American librarian d. 1931, its deviser]

dewfall /ˈdju:fɔ:l/ n.  1  the time when dew begins to form 降露之时 2  evening 黄昏

dewlap /ˈdju:læp/ n.  1  a loose fold of skin hanging from the throat of cattle, dogs, etc. (牛、狗等动物颈部下面的)垂皮 2  similar loose skin round the throat of an elderly person (老人喉部鼓出的)垂肉 [Middle English from DEW + LAP1, perhaps suggested by an Old Norse word]

deworm /di:ˈwɜ:m/ v. tr.  rid (a dog, cat, etc.) of worms 除去(狗、猫等身上的)虫

dew point n.  the temperature at which dew forms 露点(形成露水的温度)

dew-pond n. Brit.  a shallow usu. artificial pond once supposed to have been fed by atmospheric condensation [英]露池(通常指人工开凿的浅池)

dewy /ˈdju:i/ adj. (dewier, dewiest)  1  a  wet with dew 带露水的b  moist as if with dew (似)露湿的 2  of or like dew (似)露的 □ dewily  adv.  □ dewiness  n.   [Old English dēawig (as DEW, -Y1)]

dewy-eyed adj.  innocently trusting; naively sentimental 天真无邪的，轻信的；易动感情的

Dexedrine /ˈdeksədri:n, -drin/ n. Pharm. propr.  the more active dextrorotatory isomer of amphetamine 【药】[商标]德克塞根；右旋苯异丙胺；右旋安非他明 [DEXTRO- + BENZEDRINE]

dexter1 /ˈdekstə/ adj. esp. Heraldry  on or of the right-hand side (the observer's left) of a shield etc. (尤)【纹章学】(纹章盾等)右侧的；右边的；在右边的(观察者的左边) [Latin, = on the right]

dexter2 /ˈdekstə/ n.  1  an animal of a small hardy breed of Irish cattle 德克斯特牛(原产爱尔兰的一种体型小但耐劳的牛) 2  this breed 德克斯特种牛 [19th c.: perhaps from the name of a breeder]

dexterity /dekˈsteriti/ n.  1  skill in handling 灵巧；熟练；敏捷 2  manual or mental adroitness 聪敏；机敏 3  right-handedness, using the right hand 惯用右手 [French dextérité from Latin dexteritas (as DEXTER1)]

dexterous /ˈdekst(ə)rəs/ adj. (also 亦作 dextrous)  having or showing dexterity 灵巧的；熟练的；敏捷的 □ dexterously  adv.  □ dexterousness  n.   [Latin DEXTER1 + -OUS]

dextral /ˈdekstr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person) right-handed (人)惯用右手的 2  of or on the right (在)右侧的； (在)右边的 3 Zool. (of a spiral shell) with whorls rising to the right and coiling in an anticlockwise direction 【动】(螺旋形贝壳)右旋的 4 Zool. (of a flatfish) with the right side uppermost 【动】(比目鱼)右侧向上的 ●n.  a right-handed person 惯用右手的人 □ dextrality  /-ˈstræliti/ n.  □ dextrally  adv.   [medieval Latin dextralis from Latin dextra ‘right hand’]

dextran /ˈdekstræn/ n. Chem. & Pharm.  1  a polymer of glucose formed by the action of certain bacteria on sucrose etc. 【化】【药】右旋糖酐；葡聚糖(细菌在蔗糖等上的活动所致) 2  a degraded form of this used as a substitute for blood plasma 血浆代用品 [German (as DEXTRO- + -an chemical suffix)]

dextrin /ˈdekstrin/ n. Chem.  a soluble gummy substance obtained by boiling starch and used as an adhesive 【化】糊精(一种通过加热淀粉而得到的黏性乳化剂) [French dextrine from Latin dextra: see 见 DEXTRO-, -IN]

dextro- /ˈdekstrəʊ/ comb. form  on or to the right (dextrorotatory 右旋的 ; dextrose 葡萄糖) [构词成分]右边的；向右的 [Latin dexter, dextra ‘on or to the right’]

dextrorotatory /dekstrəʊˈrəʊtət(ə)ri/ adj. Chem.  having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the right (cf. 参见 LAEVOROTATORY) 【化】(使光的偏振面)右旋的 □ dextrorotation  n.  

dextrorse /ˈdekstrɔ:s/ adj.  rising towards the right, esp. of a spiral stem 右旋的；(尤指攀援植物茎)向右缠绕的 [Latin dextrorsus (as DEXTRO-)]

dextrose /ˈdekstrəʊz, -s/ n. Chem.  the dextrorotatory form of glucose 【化】右旋糖；葡萄糖 [formed as DEXTRO- + -OSE2]

dextrous var.  of DEXTEROUS  DEXTEROUS 的变体

DF abbr. [缩略]  1  Defender of the Faith 保教功臣 2  direction-finder  [in sense 1 from Latin Defensor Fidei]

DFC abbr. Brit.  Distinguished Flying Cross [缩略] [英]空战有功十字勋章

DFE abbr. (in the UK) Department for Education (replacing the DES from 1992) [缩略] (英国)教育部(代替 1992 年前的教育和科学部)

Dfl abbr.  Dutch florins [缩略]荷兰盾，弗罗林

DFM abbr. Brit.  Distinguished Flying Medal [缩略] [英]优异飞行勋章

DG abbr. [缩略]  1  Dei gratia 蒙神之恩；托天之福 2  Deo gratias 蒙上帝保佑；托天之福 3  director-general 

Dhaka /ˈdækə/ n.  达卡 [孟加拉国首都]

dhal /dɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 dal)  1  split pulses, a common foodstuff in India 木豆，鸽豆 2  a dish made with these 木豆(鸽豆)菜 [Hindi]

dharma /ˈdɑ:mə, ˈdɜ:mə/ n.  1 esp. Hinduism (尤)【印度教】  a  the eternal law of the cosmos 德；法(宇宙法规)b  moral or social custom; right behaviour 道德(或社会)法规；行为准则 2 Buddhism  universal truth 【佛教】法，达摩；普遍真理 [Sanskrit, = decree, custom]

Dharuk /ˈdʌrʊk/ n.  an Aboriginal language of the area around Sydney, Australia, now extinct 德哈鲁克语(澳大利亚悉尼周围地区土著人的一种语言，现已消失)

dhobi /ˈdəʊbi/ n. (pl. dhobis) (in the Indian subcontinent) a washerman or washerwoman (印度次大陆的)洗衣工；洗衣妇 [Hindi dhobī from dhob ‘washing’]

dhobi itch n. (also 亦作 dhobi's itch)  a tropical skin disease; an allergic dermatitis 朵比癣；洗衣工(斑状)癣(一种热带皮肤病，过敏性皮炎)

dhole /dəʊl/ n.  the Asiatic wild dog, Cuon alpinus 豺(亚太地区产的一种凶猛野狗) [origin unknown]

dhoti /ˈdəʊti/ n. (pl. dhotis)  the loincloth worn by male Hindus (印度男人用的)缠腰布 [Hindi dhotī]

dhow /daʊ/ n.  a lateen-rigged ship used on the Arabian sea 阿拉伯三角帆船 [Arabic dɑˉwa, probably related to Marathi dɑˉw]

DHSS abbr. hist. (in the UK) Department of Health and Social Security (cf. 参见 DOH, DSS) [缩略] [史义] (英国)卫生和社会事务部

dhurra var.  of DURRA  DURRA 的变体

DI abbr. (in the UK) Defence Intelligence [缩略] (英国)国防情报局

Di /dai/   黛 [人名]

di-1 /dai, di/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  twice, two-, double 二；二倍；二重 2 Chem.  containing two atoms, molecules, or groups of a specified kind (dichromate 重铬酸盐 ; dioxide 二氧化物) 【化】二；双；联；含有两个原子(分子或两组)…的 [Greek from dis ‘twice’]

di-2 /di, dai/ prefix  form of DIS- occurring before l, m, n, r, s (foll. by a consonant), v, usu. g, and sometimes j DIS- 的变形，出现在 l 、 m 、 n 、 s (后跟辅音)、 v 、通常 g 、有时在 j 之前 [Latin variant of dis-]

di-3 /dai/ prefix  form of DIA - before a vowel 元音前 DIA- 形式

dia- /daiə/ prefix (also 亦作 di- before a vowel 用于元音前)  1  through (diaphanous 半透明的) 通过 2  apart (diacritical 可区分的) 分隔；区别 3  across (diameter 直径) 横穿；穿过 [Greek from dia ‘through’]

dia. abbr. [缩略]  diameter 

diabase /ˈdaiəbeis/ n. Geol.  dolerite, esp. (in British use) altered dolerite 【地质】粗玄岩；(尤在英国使用中为)辉绿岩 [French, as if from DI-1 + BASE1, but associated with Greek diabasis ‘transition’]

diabetes /daiəˈbi:ti:z/ n.  any disorder of the metabolism with excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of urine, esp. diabetes mellitus 多尿病(尤指糖尿病) [Latin from Greek, literally ‘syphon’, from diabainō ‘go through’]

diabetes insipidus /inˈsipidəs/ n.  a rare form of diabetes caused by a deficiency of a pituitary hormone regulating kidney function 尿崩症

diabetes mellitus /miˈlaitəs/ n.  the commonest form of diabetes, caused by a deficiency of insulin, in which sugar and starch are not properly metabolized and the blood and urine contain excessive amounts of sugars, causing a risk of convulsions and coma 糖尿病 [Latin mellitus ‘sweet’]

diabetic /daiəˈbetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to or having diabetes (有关)糖尿病的；患糖尿病的 2  for use by diabetics 专供糖尿病患者使用的 ●n.  a person suffering from diabetes 糖尿病患者

diablerie /diˈɑ:bləri/ n.  1  the Devil's work; sorcery 魔鬼行径；妖术 2  wild recklessness 鲁莽 3  the realm of devils; devil-lore 妖魔世界(或传说) [French from diable, from Latin diabolus DEVIL]

diabolic /daiəˈbɒlik/ adj.  1  of the Devil 魔鬼似的 2  devilish; inhumanly cruel or wicked 穷凶极恶的，残忍的，邪恶的 □ diabolically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French diabolique or Late Latin diabolicus from Latin diabolus (as DEVIL)]

diabolical /daiəˈbɒlik(ə)l/ adj.  1  = DIABOLIC 1  2  = DIABOLIC 2  3 colloq.  outrageous; disgracefully bad [口]穷凶极恶的；蛮横的

diabolism /daiˈæbəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  belief in or worship of the Devil 信魔；魔鬼崇拜b  sorcery 魔法；巫术 2  devilish conduct or character 恶魔般的行径；邪恶本性 □ diabolist  n.   [Greek diabolos DEVIL]

diabolize /daiˈæbəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make into or represent as a devil 使成魔鬼；把…描绘得像魔鬼一样

diabolo /diˈæbələʊ, dai-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a game in which a two-headed top is thrown up and caught with a string stretched between two sticks 空竹；扯铃 2  the top itself 空竹共鸣器 [Italian, = DEVIL: formerly called devil on two sticks]

diachronic /daiəˈkrɒnik/ adj. Linguistics  etc. concerned with the historical development of a subject (esp. a language) (opp. 反义 SYNCHRONIC) 【语言学】(尤指语言)历时的 □ diachronically  adv.  □ diachronism  /daiˈækrəniz(ə)m/ n.  □ diachronistic  /daiˌækrəˈnistik/ adj.  □ diachronous  /daiˈækrənəs/ adj.  □ diachrony  /daiˈækrəni/ n.   [French diachronique (as DIA-, CHRONIC)]

diaconal /daiˈæk(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of a deacon 执事的，助祭的 [ecclesiastical Latin diaconalis from diaconus DEACON]

diaconate /daiˈækəneit, -ət/ n.  1  a  the office of deacon 执事(或助祭)职位b  a person's time as deacon 执事(或助祭)的任期 2  a body of deacons 执事团(会) [ecclesiastical Latin diaconatus (as DIACONAL)]

diacritic /daiəˈkritik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a sign (e.g. an accent, diaeresis, cedilla) used to indicate different sounds or values of a letter (如重音、隔音符、下加符的)变音符号 ●adj.  = DIACRITICALadj.  [Greek diakritikos (as DIA-, CRITIC)]

diacritical /daiəˈkritik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  distinguishing, distinctive 区分的；可区分的 ●n. (in full 全称 diacritical mark or sign)  = DIACRITICn. 

diadelphous /daiəˈdelfəs/ adj. Bot.  with the stamens united in two bundles (cf. 参见 MONADELPHOUS, POLYADELPHOUS) 【植】(雄蕊)两体的；两体雄蕊的 [DI-1 + Greek adelphos ‘brother’]

diadem /ˈdaiədem/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a crown or headband worn as a sign of sovereignty 王冠，冕 2  a wreath of leaves or flowers worn round the head 花冠；代替王冠的头带 3  sovereignty 王权 4  a crowning distinction or glory 至高无上的荣誉；王的尊荣 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 diademed adj.)  adorn with or as with a diadem (似)加冕(的) [Middle English via Old French diademe and Latin diadema from Greek diadēma (as DIA-, deō ‘bind’)]

diaeresis /daiˈiərisis, -ˈer-/ n. (US [美] dieresis) (pl. -ses /-si:z/)  1  a mark (as in naïve) over a vowel to indicate that it is sounded separately 分音符，隔音符(置于一个元音字母上，表示元音须分别发音，如 naïve) 2 Prosody  a break where a foot ends at the end of a word 【诗体】(音步尾部和词的最后音节相符时的)小休止 [Latin from Greek, = separation]

diagenesis /daiəˈdʒenisis/ n. Geol.  the transformation occurring during the conversion of sedimentation to sedimentary rock 【地质】成岩作用

diagnose /ˈdaiəɡnəʊz, -ˈnəʊz/ v. tr.  make a diagnosis of (a disease, a mechanical fault, etc.) from its symptoms 诊断；探究(病情、机械故障等) □ diagnosable  adj.  

diagnosis /daiəɡˈnəʊsis/ n. (pl. diagnoses /-si:z/)  1  a  the identification of a disease by means of a patient's symptoms 诊断b  an instance or formal statement of this 诊断结论；诊断书 2  a  the identification of the cause of a mechanical fault etc. (机械故障等的)探查b  an instance of this 探查故障 3  a  the distinctive characterization in precise terms of a genus, species, etc. (属、种等的)特征b  an instance of this 特征简介 [modern Latin from Greek (as DIA-, gignōskō ‘recognize’)]

diagnostic /daiəɡˈnɒstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or assisting diagnosis 诊断的；有助于诊断的 ●n.  a symptom 症状 □ diagnostically  adv.  □ diagnostician  /-nɒˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek diagnōstikos (as DIAGNOSIS)]

diagnostics /daiəɡˈnɒstiks/ n.  1 (treated as pl. 看作复) Computing  programs and other mechanisms used to detect and identify faults in hardware or software 【计算】诊断硬件(或软件)错误的程序和手法 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the science or study of diagnosing disease 诊断学

diagonal /daiˈæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner 对角线的 2  slanting, oblique 斜的，斜纹的 ●n.  a straight line joining two non-adjacent corners 对角线 □ diagonally  adv.   [Latin diagonalis from Greek diagōnios (as DIA-, gōnia ‘angle’)]

diagram /ˈdaiəɡræm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a drawing showing the general scheme or outline of an object and its parts (表示事物概要、轮廓及部分的)图形，图解 2  a graphic representation of the course or results of an action or process 示意图，一览图 3 Geom.  a figure made of lines used in proving a theorem etc. 【几】(用于证明定义的)图式 ●v. tr. (diagrammed, diagramming; US [美] diagramed, diagraming)  represent by means of a diagram 用图形阐述 □ diagrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ diagrammatically  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin diagramma from Greek (as DIA-, -GRAM)]

diagrid /ˈdaiəɡrid/ n. Brit. Archit.  a supporting structure of diagonally intersecting ribs of metal etc. [英]【建】(金属等)斜肋构架 [DIAGONAL + GRID]

diakinesis /daiəkaiˈni:sis/ n. (pl. diakineses /-si:z/) Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis when the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred 【生】终变期 [modern Latin from German Diakinese (as DIA-, Greek kinēsis ‘motion’)]

dial /daiəl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the face of a clock or watch, marked to show the hours etc. (钟、表显示小时等的)刻度盘 2  a similar flat plate marked with a scale for measuring weight, volume, pressure, consumption, etc., indicated by a pointer 标度盘(表示重量、容积、压力、耗损等) 3  a movable disc on a telephone, with finger-holes and numbers for making a connection (电话机的)拨号盘 4  a  a plate or disc etc. on a radio or television set for selecting wavelength or channel (收音机或电视的)选台标度盘(指示板等)b  a similar selecting device on other equipment, e.g. a washing machine (其他器械上带选择装置的)标度盘(如洗衣机) 5 Brit. slang  a person's face [英] [俚语]脸蛋 ●v. (dialled, dialling; US [美] dialed, dialing)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  select (a telephone number) by means of a dial or set of buttons (拨动电话号码盘或按钮)打拨号电话  dialled 999  拨打 999 2 tr.  measure, indicate, or regulate by means of a dial (通过刻度盘)测量；标明；规定 □ dialler  n.   [Middle English, = sundial, from medieval Latin diale ‘clock-dial’, ultimately from Latin dies ‘day’]

dialect /ˈdaiəlekt/ n.  1  a form of speech peculiar to a particular region 地方话；方言；土语 2  a subordinate variety of a language with non-standard vocabulary, pronunciation, or grammar 同源语(属同一语系，但词汇、发音、语法不同) □ dialectal  /-ˈlekt(ə)l/ adj.  □ dialectology  /-ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  □ dialectologist  /-ˈtɒlədʒist/ n.   [French dialecte or Latin dialectus from Greek dialektos ‘discourse’, from dialegomai ‘converse’]

dialectic /daiəˈlektik/ n. & adj. Philos. 【哲】  ●n.  1 (often in pl., usu. treated as sing. 常用复数，通常看作单数)  a  the art of investigating the truth of opinions 辩证(法)b  logical disputation 逻辑论证法 2  a  enquiry into metaphysical contradictions and their solutions, esp. in the thought of Kant and Hegel 辩证法(尤指康德和黑格尔思想中对形而上学的矛盾及解决其方法的探究)b  the existence or action of opposing social forces etc. (两种相反的社会力量等的)对立 ●adj.  1  of or relating to logical disputation (有关)逻辑辩论的 2  fond of or skilled in logical disputation 喜好(或精通于)逻辑争论的 [Middle English via Old French dialectique or Latin dialectica from Greek dialektikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of debate’ (as DIALECT)]

dialectical /daiəˈlektik(ə)l/ adj.  of dialectic or dialectics 辩证的；辩证法的 □ dialectically  adv.  

dialectical materialism n.  the Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to a conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs (马克思主义)辩证唯物主义(关于政治和历史事件是由人的物质需求而导致的社会力量之间的冲突的理论)

dialectician /daiəlekˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a person skilled in dialectic 辩证论者；辩证学家 [French dialecticien from Latin dialecticus]

dialectics /daiəˈlektiks/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  = DIALECTICn. 1 

dialling code n. Brit.  a sequence of numbers dialled to connect a telephone with the exchange of the telephone being called [英] (电话与所拨电话相连的)拨号编码

dialling tone n. (N. Amer. [北美] dial tone)  a sound indicating that a caller may start to dial 拨号音

dialogic /daiəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  of or in dialogue (用)对话体的 [Late Latin dialogicus from Greek dialogikos (as DIALOGUE)]

dialogist /daiˈælədʒist/ n.  a speaker in or writer of dialogue 对话者，对话体作者 [Late Latin dialogista from Greek dialogistēs (as DIALOGUE)]

dialogue /ˈdaiəlɒɡ/ n. (US [美] dialog)  1  a  conversation 对话b  conversation in written form; this as a form of composition (写作中的)对话体；对白 2  a  a discussion, esp. one between representatives of two political groups (尤指两个政治团体代表间的)讨论，交换意见b  a conversation, a talk 会话，谈话  long dialogues between the two main characters  两个主要人物间的长时间交谈 [Middle English via Old French dialoge and Latin dialogus from Greek dialogos, from dialegomai ‘converse’]

dialogue box n. (US [美] dialog box) Computing  a small area on-screen, usu. temporarily displayed, in which the user is prompted to provide information, select commands, etc. 【计算】对话框(由操作者在计算机屏幕上通常临时显示所提供信息或指令等的一个小区域)

dial tone N. Amer. var.  of DIALLING TONE [北美] DIALLING TONE 的变体

dialyse /ˈdaiəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] dialyze)  separate by means of dialysis 透析；渗析

dialysis /daiˈælisis/ n. (pl. dialyses /-si:z/)  1 Chem.  the separation of particles in a liquid by differences in their ability to pass through a membrane into another liquid 【化】渗析(法) (利用透膜分离溶液中大小不同粒子的一种方法) 2 Med.  the clinical purification of blood by this technique, as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney 【医】透析(用于替代肾的正常功能) □ dialytic  /daiəˈlitik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek dialusis (as DIA-, luō ‘set free’)]

diamagnetic /daiəmæɡˈnetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to the applied magnetic field 抗磁性的 ●n.  a diamagnetic body or substance 抗磁体，抗磁物 □ diamagnetically  adv.  □ diamagnetism  /-ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  

diamantiferous /daiəmənˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  diamond-yielding 产钻石的 [French diamantifère from diamant DIAMOND]

diamantine /daiəˈmæntin, -i:n/ adj.  of or like diamonds 钻石的；钻石般的 [French diamantin (as DIAMANTIFEROUS)]

diamanté /diəˈmɒntei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  decorated with powdered crystal or another sparkling substance 嵌以粉晶(或其他闪光物)的 ●n.  fabric or costume jewellery so decorated 珠光宝气的织物，闪光饰品 [French, past part. of diamanter ‘set with diamonds’ from diamant DIAMOND]

diameter /daiˈæmitə/ n.  1  a  a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, esp. a circle or sphere 直径(尤指穿过圆心或球心的直线)b  the length of this line 直径长度 2  a transverse measurement; width, thickness 横向量；宽度；厚度 3  a unit of linear measurement of magnifying power 放大率(线性单位)  a lens magnifying 2,000 diameters  放大率为 2,000 倍的透镜 □ diametral  adj.   [Middle English via Old French diametre and Latin diametrus from Greek diametros (grammē) ‘(line) measuring across’, from metron ‘measure’]

diametrical /daiəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 diametric)  1  of or along a diameter (沿)直径的 2 (of opposition, difference, etc.) complete, like that between opposite ends of a diameter (对照、差异等)截然相反的 □ diametrically  adv.   [Greek diametrikos (as DIAMETER)]

diamond /ˈdaiəmənd/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a precious stone of pure carbon crystallized in octahedrons etc., the hardest naturally occurring substance (八面体等的)金刚石，钻石 2  a figure shaped like the cross-section of a diamond; a rhombus 菱形 3  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by a red rhombus (纸牌中的) (一张)红方块牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit 一组红方块牌 4  a glittering particle or point (of frost etc.) (霜等的)闪闪发亮的颗粒 5  a tool with a small diamond for glass-cutting (切玻璃用的)金刚石割刀 6 Baseball 【棒球】  a  the space delimited by the bases (棒球场的)内场b  the entire field 棒球场 ●adj.  1  made of or set with diamonds or a diamond 钻石(制)的；装有钻石的 2  rhombus-shaped 菱形的 ●v. tr.  adorn with or as with diamonds (似)镶以钻石 □ diamond cut diamond  Brit.  wit or cunning meets its match [英]棋逢对手；势均力敌□ diamondiferous  /-ˈdif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French diamant from medieval Latin diamas diamant-, variant of Latin adamas ADAMANT, from Greek]

diamondback /ˈdaiəməndbæk/ n.  1  an edible freshwater terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, native to N. America, with lozenge-shaped markings on its shell (原产于北美淡水中，可供食用的)菱纹龟 2  any rattlesnake of the genus Crotalus, native to N. America, with diamond-shaped markings (原产北美响尾蛇属的)菱纹背响尾蛇

diamond-bird n. Austral. [澳]  = PARDALOTE 

diamond in the rough n. US [美]  = ROUGH DIAMOND 2 

diamond jubilee n.  the 60th (or 75th) anniversary of an event, esp. a sovereign's accession (尤指君王即位)第 60 年(或第 75 年)纪念

diamond wedding n.  a 60th (or 75th) wedding anniversary 第 60 年(或第 75 年)结婚纪念；钻石婚

Diana /daiˈænə/   黛安娜 [人名]

diandrous /daiˈændrəs/ adj.  having two stamens 有两个雄蕊的 [DI-1 + Greek anēr andr- ‘man’]

Diane /daiˈæn/   黛安 [人名]

dianthus /daiˈænθəs/ n.  any flowering plant of the genus Dianthus, e.g. a carnation or pink 石竹属植物(如康乃馨或石竹) [Greek Dios ‘of Zeus’ + anthos ‘flower’]

diapason /daiəˈpeis(ə)n, -z-/ n.  1  the compass of a voice or musical instrument (声音、乐器的)音域 2  a fixed standard of musical pitch 标准音高 3 (in full 全称 open or stopped diapason)  either of two main organ stops extending through the organ's whole compass 主音栓(管风琴的两个主要音栓之一，分为开管基本音栓及闭管基本音栓) 4  a  a combination of musical notes or parts in a harmonious whole 和音b  a melodious succession of musical notes, esp. a grand swelling burst of harmony 旋律；曲调(尤指宏大的和声) 5  an entire compass, range, or scope 音域范围 [Middle English, in the sense ‘octave’, via Latin diapason from Greek dia pasōn (khordōn) ‘through all (notes) ’]

diapause /ˈdaiəpɔ:z/ n.  in some insects, a period of suspended development ended by an appropriate environmental stimulus 滞育，休止(昆虫生长的停滞阶段)

diaper /ˈdaiəpə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 N. Amer.  a baby's nappy [北美]尿布 2  a  a linen or cotton fabric with a small diamond pattern 细菱形花纹亚麻布(或棉布)织物b  this pattern 细菱形花纹 3  a similar ornamental design of diamonds etc. for panels, walls, etc. (菱形等)装饰图样(作嵌镶板、墙纸用) ●v. tr.  1  decorate with a diaper pattern 用菱形花纹装饰 2 N. Amer.  change the nappy of (a baby) [北美]换(婴儿)尿布 [Middle English via Old French diapre and medieval Latin diasprum from medieval Greek diaspros (adj.) (as DIA-, aspros ‘white’)]

diaphanous /daiˈæf(ə)nəs/ adj. (of fabric etc.) light and delicate, and almost transparent (织物等)轻柔的，精致的；透明的 [medieval Latin diaphanus from Greek diaphanes (as DIA-, phainō ‘show’)]

diaphoresis /daiəfəˈri:sis/ n. Med.  sweating, esp. artificially induced 【医】(尤指人为地招致)发汗 [Late Latin from Greek, from diaphoreō ‘carry through’]

diaphoretic /daiəfəˈretik/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  inducing perspiration 诱致发汗的 ●n.  an agent inducing perspiration 发汗剂 [Late Latin diaphoreticus from Greek diaphorētikos (formed as DIAPHORESIS)]

diaphragm /ˈdaiəfræm/ n.  1  a muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals 膈(哺乳动物体内把胸腔与腹部隔开的肌性膈膜) 2  a partition in animal and plant tissues (动物和植物组织中的)隔膜，隔板 3  a disc pierced by one or more holes in optical and acoustic systems etc. (用在光学和声学等系统中有一个或多个孔的)孔板，光阑 4  a device for varying the effective aperture of the lens in a camera etc. (照相机等)光圈 5  a thin contraceptive cap fitting over the cervix (避孕用的)子宫帽 6  a thin sheet of material used as a partition etc. (用做隔断的)横隔板 □ diaphragmatic  /-fræɡˈmætik/ adj.   [Middle English via Late Latin diaphragma from Greek (as DIA-, phragma -atos from phrassō ‘fence in’)]

diaphragm pump n.  a pump using a flexible diaphragm in place of a piston 隔膜式泵

diapir /ˈdaiəpiə/ n. Geol.  an anticline in which the upper strata are pierced by a rock core from below 【地质】底辟；挤入构造 [Greek diapeirainein ‘pierce through’]

diapositive /daiəˈpɒzitiv/ n.  a positive photographic slide or transparency 透明照相正片；反底片

diarchy /ˈdaiɑ:ki/ n. (also 亦作 dyarchy) (pl. -ies)  1  government by two independent authorities (esp. in India 1919 － 35) (尤指 1919 至 1935 年印度的)双头政权 2  an instance of this 双头政治 □ diarchal  /daiˈɑ:k(ə)l/ adj.  □ diarchic  /daiˈɑ:kik/ adj.   [DI-1 + Greek -arkhia ‘rule’, on the pattern of monarchy]

diarist /ˈdaiərist/ n.  a person who keeps a diary 记日记者 □ diaristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

diarize /ˈdaiəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  keep a diary 记(写)日记 2 tr.  enter in a diary 记入日记

diarrhoea /daiəˈriə/ n. (US [美] diarrhea)  a condition of excessively frequent and loose bowel movements 腹泻 □ diarrhoeal  adj.  □ diarrhoeic  adj.   [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek diarrhoia (as DIA-, rheō ‘flow’)]

diary /ˈdaiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a daily record of events or thoughts 日记 2  a book for this or for noting future engagements, usu. printed and with a calendar and other information 日记簿(通常印刷成册，并附年历及其他信息) [Latin diarium from dies ‘day’]

diascope /ˈdaiəskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector giving images of transparent objects 反射幻灯机

Diaspora /daiˈæsp(ə)rə/ n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the dispersion of the Jews among the Gentiles mainly in the 8th － 6th c. BC (公元前 8 至 6 世纪犹太人的)大流散b  Jews dispersed in this way (流散的)海外犹太人 2 (also 亦作 diaspora)  a  any group of people similarly dispersed (任何民族的)移民社群b  their dispersion (任何民族的)大移居 [Greek from diaspeirō (as DIA-, speirō ‘scatter’)]

diastase /ˈdaiəsteiz/ n. Biochem. 【生化】  = AMYLASE  □ diastasic  /-ˈsteizik/ adj.  □ diastatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [French from Greek diastasis ‘separation’ (as DIA-, stasis ‘placing’)]

diastema /daiəˈsti:mə/ n.  a space between adjacent teeth, esp. in front of the premolars in rodents and ungulates (尤指啮齿动物、有蹄类哺乳动物前臼齿等的)牙间隙；纵裂 [Late Latin from Greek, = space between]

diastole /daiˈæstəli/ n. Physiol.  the period between two contractions of the heart when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood (cf. 参见 SYSTOLE) 【生理】(心)舒张期 □ diastolic  /daiəˈstɒlik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek diastellō (as DIA-, stellō ‘place’)]

diathermancy /daiəˈθɜ:m(ə)nsi/ n.  the quality of transmitting radiant heat 透热性；传热性 □ diathermic  adj.  □ diathermous  adj.   [French diathermansie, from Greek dia ‘through’ + thermansis ‘heating’: assimilated to -ANCY]

diathermy /ˈdaiəθɜ:mi/ n.  the application of high-frequency electric currents to produce heat in the deeper tissues of the body 透热疗法 [German Diathermie, from Greek dia ‘through’ + thermon ‘heat’]

diathesis /daiˈæθəsis/ n. Med.  a constitutional predisposition to a certain state, esp. a diseased one 【医】体质(尤指易患某种疾病的先天性因素) [modern Latin from Greek, from diatithēmi ‘arrange’]

diatom /ˈdaiətəm/ n.  a microscopic unicellular alga with a siliceous cell wall, found as plankton and forming fossil deposits 硅藻 □ diatomaceous  /-ˈmeiʃəs/ adj.   [modern Latin genus name Diatoma, from Greek diatomos (as DIA-, temnō ‘cut’)]

diatomaceous earth /daiətəˈmeiʃəs/ n.  = KIESELGUHR  [DIATOM + -ACEOUS]

diatomic /daiəˈtɒmik/ adj.  consisting of two atoms 双原子的 [DI-1 + ATOM]

diatomite /daiˈætəmait/ n. Geol.  a pale sedimentary deposit formed from the siliceous skeletons of diatoms Cf. 参见 KIESELGUHR 【地质】硅藻土

diatonic /daiəˈtɒnik/ adj. Mus. 【音】  1 (of a scale, interval, etc.) involving only notes proper to the prevailing key without chromatic alteration (音阶、音程等)全音阶的 2 (of a melody or harmony) constructed from such a scale (曲调、和声)用自然音阶的 [French diatonique or Late Latin diatonicus from Greek diatonikos ‘at intervals of a tone’ (as DIA-, TONIC)]

diatribe /ˈdaiətraib/ n.  a forceful verbal attack; a piece of bitter criticism 抨击；讽刺；谴责 [French via Latin diatriba from Greek diatribē ‘spending of time, discourse’, from diatribō (as DIA-, tribō ‘rub’)]

diazepam /daiˈæzipæm, -ˈeiz-/ n.  a tranquillizing muscle-relaxant drug with anticonvulsant properties used to relieve anxiety, tension, etc., e.g. Valium 地西泮；安定(可以用来减轻忧虑、紧张等) [benzodiazepine + am]

diazo /daiˈæzəʊ, -ˈeizəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 diazotype)  a copying or colouring process using a diazo compound decomposed by ultraviolet light 重氮基 [DI-1 + AZO-]

diazo compound n.  a chemical compound containing two usu. multiply-bonded nitrogen atoms, often highly coloured and used as dyes 重氮化合物(通常多键氮原子)

dib /dib/ v. intr. (dibbed, dibbing)  = DAP  [variant of DAB1]

dibasic /daiˈbeisik/ adj. Chem.  having two replaceable protons 【化】二元的；二碱价的 [DI-1 + BASE1 n. 6]

dibber /ˈdibə/ n.  = DIBBLE 

dibble /ˈdib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a hand tool for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants 挖穴器；点播器 ●v.  1 tr.  sow or plant with a dibble 点播；穴植 2 tr.  prepare (soil) with a dibble 在(土中)用点播器挖穴 3 intr.  use a dibble 使用点播器 [Middle English: perhaps related to DIB]

dibs /dibz/ n. pl. Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 [earlier sense ‘pebbles for game’, also dib-stones, perhaps from DIB]

dice /dais/ n. & v. ●n. pl.  1  a  small cubes with faces bearing one to six spots used in games of chance 骰子b (treated as sing. 看作单数)  one of these cubes (see 见 DIE2) 一粒骰子 2  a game played with one or more such cubes 掷骰子(游戏)，掷骰赌博 3  food cut into small cubes for cooking 切成丁(方块) ●v.  1  a intr.  play dice 掷b intr.  take great risks, gamble 冒巨大风险；赌博  dicing with death  冒生命危险c tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  gamble away 赌博 2 tr.  cut (food) into small cubes 把(食物)切成丁(方块) 3 tr. Austral. slang  reject; leave alone [澳] [俚语]摈弃；让独自呆着 4 tr.  chequer, mark with squares 使具有方格图案，标以交错相间的方格 □ no dice  colloq. (there is) no chance of success, cooperation, etc. [口] (成功、合作等)没(有)门□ dicer  n. (in sense 1a of v. 用于动词释义 1a)   [pl. of DIE2]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DIE2. 见 DIE2 的用法说明。 

dicey /ˈdaisi/ adj. (dicier, diciest) slang  risky, unreliable [俚语]冒险的；不确定的；不可靠的 [DICE + -Y1]

dichotomy /daiˈkɒtəmi, di-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a division into two classes, parts, etc., esp. of things that are opposed or entirely different (尤指对立或完全不同的事物)一分为二；二分b  a sharp or paradoxical contrast 鲜明而又荒谬的对比 2 Bot. & Zool.  repeated bifurcation 【植】【动】二歧(分枝式)；重复二叉分枝；歧出；二分叉 □ dichotomic  /-kəˈtɒmik/ adj.  □ dichotomize  v. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ dichotomous  adj.   [modern Latin dichotomia from Greek dikhotomia, from dikho- ‘apart’ + -TOMY]■Usage 用法说明 The use of dichotomy to mean ‘dilemma’ or ‘ambivalence’, as in I was faced with the dichotomy of wanting to pass the exam but not wanting to please my teacher; She alone in the book conveys the dichotomy of the white immigrants towards blacks, is considered incorrect in standard English. 在标准英语中，用 dichotomy 来表示 dilemma (进退两难)或 ambivalence (矛盾心理)被认为是不正确的。如 I was faced with the dichotomy of wanting to pass the exam but not wanting to please my teacher (我面临着既想要考试及格又不想去讨好我的老师的进退两难的境地); She alone in the book conveys the dichotomy of the white immigrants towards blacks (她只在书中流露了白人移民对黑人的矛盾心理)。 

dichroic /daiˈkrəʊik/ adj. (esp. of doubly refracting crystals) showing two colours (尤指双折射晶体)二色的；二色性的 □ dichroism  n.   [Greek dikhroos (as DI-1, khrōs ‘colour’)]

dichromatic /daikrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  two-coloured 二色的 2  a (of animal species) having individuals that show different colorations (动物种类)具有二色变异的b  having vision sensitive to only two of the three primary colours 二色性色盲的 □ dichromatism  /daiˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.   [DI-1 + Greek khrōmatikos from khrōma -atos ‘colour’]

Dick /dik/   迪克 [人名]

dick1 /dik/ n.  1 Brit. colloq. (in certain set phrases) fellow; person [英口]家伙，人(只用于某些固定词组中)  clever dick  聪明人 2 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]鸡巴；阴茎 [pet form of the name Richard]

dick2 /dik/ n. slang  a detective [俚语]侦探 [perhaps abbreviation]

dick3 /dik/ n.   □ take one's dick  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) Brit. slang  swear, affirm [英] [俚语]誓言；担保 [abbreviation of declaration]

dicken /ˈdik(ə)n/ int. Austral. slang  an expression of disgust or disbelief [澳] [俚语]憎恶(或怀疑)的表达 [usu. associated with DICKENS or the name Dickens]

dickens /ˈdikinz/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 how, what, why, etc., the) colloq. (esp. in exclamations) deuce; the Devil [口] (尤用于感叹)到底，究竟  what the dickens are you doing here?  你究竟在这儿干什么？ [16th c.: probably a use of the surname Dickens]

Dickensian /diˈkenziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Charles Dickens, English novelist d. 1870, or his work (有关) (英国作家)狄更斯的； (有关)狄更斯作品的 2  resembling or reminiscent of the situations, poor social conditions, or comically repulsive characters described in Dickens's work 类似狄更斯文体的；类似狄更斯笔下描述情况的 ●n.  an admirer or student of Dickens or his work 狄更斯(或其作品)的崇拜者(或研究者)

dicker /ˈdikə/ v. & n. esp. US [尤美] ●v.  1  a intr.  bargain, haggle 讨价还价，砍价b tr.  barter, exchange 以…作交易；进行…的交易 2 intr.  dither, hesitate 犹豫不决，踌躇 ●n.  a deal, a barter 交易；易货贸易 □ dickerer  n.   [perhaps from dicker ‘set of ten (hides)’, as a unit of trade]

dickhead /ˈdikhed/ n. coarse slang  a stupid or obnoxious person, esp. a man; an idiot [粗俗俚语]傻瓜；令人讨厌的人(尤指男人)，白痴 [DICK1]

Dickie /ˈdiki/   迪基 [人名]

Dicky /ˈdiki/   迪基 [人名]

dicky1 /ˈdiki/ n. (also 亦作 dickey) (pl. -ies or -eys) colloq. [口]  1  a false shirt-front 假衬衫前胸 2 (in full 全称 dicky bird)  a child's word for a little bird (儿语)小鸟 3 Brit.  a driver's seat in a carriage [英] (马车的)驾车人座位 4 Brit.  an extra folding seat at the back of a vehicle [英] (车辆尾部的)折叠加座 5 (in full 全称 dicky bow) Brit.  a bow tie [英] (蝴蝶)领结 [some senses from Dicky (as DICK1)]

dicky2 /ˈdiki/ adj. (dickier, dickiest) Brit. slang  unsound; likely to collapse or fail [英] [俚语]不稳当的；软弱的，站不稳的 [18th c.: perhaps from the saying ‘as queer as Dick's hatband’]

dicot /ˈdaikɒt/ n.  = DICOTYLEDON  [abbreviation]

dicotyledon /ˌdaikɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n.  any flowering plant with an embryo which bears two cotyledons 双子叶植物 □ dicotyledonous  adj.   [modern Latin dicotyledones (as DI-1, COTYLEDON)]

dicrotic /daiˈkrɒtik/ adj. (of the pulse) having a double beat 二波(脉)的，重搏(脉)的 [Greek dikrotos]

dicta pl.  of DICTUM  

Dictaphone /ˈdiktəfəʊn/ n. propr.  a machine for recording and playing back dictated words [商标]口述录音机；录音电话机 [DICTATE + -PHONE]

dictate v. & n. ●v. /dikˈteit/  1 tr.  say or read aloud (words to be written down or recorded) 口述；口授(要写下或录下的话语) 2  a tr.  prescribe or lay down authoritatively (terms, things to be done) 发号施令地规定(要做的事)，专横地强加(条件)b intr.  lay down the law; give orders 强制规定；下令 ●n. /ˈdikteit/ (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an authoritative instruction 命令；指令  dictates of conscience  良心的驱使 [Latin dictare dictat-, frequentative of dicere dict- ‘say’]

dictation /dikˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the saying of words to be written down or recorded 口授(或听写)的文字b  an instance of this, esp. as a school exercise 听写(尤指为学校作业)c  the material that is dictated 听写材料 2  a  authoritative prescription 命令，规定b  an instance of this 指示c  a command 指令；指挥

dictation speed n.  a slow rate of speech suitable for dictation 听写速度

dictator /dikˈteitə/ n.  1  a ruler with (often usurped) unrestricted authority 独裁者(常篡权) 2  a person with supreme authority in any sphere 发号施令者 3  a domineering person 飞扬跋扈(或盛气凌人)的人 4  a person who dictates for transcription 口授者 5 Rom. Hist.  a chief magistrate with absolute power, appointed in an emergency [罗马]【史】(临时任命的)独裁官 [Middle English from Latin (as DICTATE)]

dictatorial /diktəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or like a dictator (似)独裁者的 2  imperious, overbearing 专横的，傲慢的 □ dictatorially  adv.   [Latin dictatorius (as DICTATOR)]

dictatorship /dikˈteitəʃip/ n.  1  a state ruled by a dictator 独裁专政 2  a  the position, rule, or period of rule of a dictator 独裁者的职位(统治期或任期)b  rule by a dictator 独裁统治 3  absolute authority in any sphere 绝对权威

diction /ˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the manner of enunciation in speaking or singing (讲话、唱歌的)发音法，朗诵法 2  the choice of words or phrases in speech or writing (讲话、书写中的)措辞 [French diction or Latin dictio, from dicere dict- ‘say’]

dictionary /ˈdikʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a book that lists (usu. in alphabetical order) and explains the words of a language or gives equivalent words in another language (通常以字母顺序排列的)字典；词典，辞典 2  a reference book on any subject, the items of which are arranged in alphabetical order (按字母顺序编排的)辞书体参考书  dictionary of architecture  建筑辞典 [medieval Latin dictionarium (manuale ‘manual’) & dictionarius (liber ‘book’) from Latin dictio (as DICTION)]

dictum /ˈdiktəm/ n. (pl. dicta /-tə/ or dictums)  1  a formal utterance or pronouncement 宣言；正式声明 2  a saying or maxim 格言，座右铭 3 Law 【法律】  = OBITER DICTUM  [Latin, = neut. past part. of dicere ‘say’]

did past  of DO1  

didactic /diˈdæktik, dai-/ adj.  1  meant to instruct 教诲的；说教的 2 (of a person) tediously pedantic (人)迂腐的，学究式的 □ didactically  adv.  □ didacticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek didaktikos from didaskō ‘teach’]

didakai var.  of DIDICOI  DIDICOI 的变体

diddicoy var.  of DIDICOI  DIDICOI 的变体

diddle /ˈdid(ə)l/ v. colloq. [口]  1 tr.  cheat, swindle 欺骗，诈骗 2 intr. US  waste time [美]浪费时间 □ diddler  n.   [probably a back-formation from Jeremy Diddler, a character in Kenney's ‘Raising the Wind’ (1803), who constantly borrowed small sums of money which he did not repay]

diddly-squat /ˈdidliˌskwɒt/ n. (also 亦作 doodly-squat) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1 (foll. by 后跟 neg.)  anything, the least bit 一点点  doesn't mean diddly-squat to me  对我算不了什么 2  nothing at all 一点也不 [variant of DOODLY-SQUAT, probably from US slang doodle ‘excrement’, squat ‘to void excrement’]

diddums /ˈdidəmz/ int. Brit.  expressing commiseration esp. to a child [英] (尤指对小孩)怜悯；哄骗 [from did 'em, i.e. ‘did they (tease you etc.)?’]

didgeridoo /didʒ(ə)riˈdu:/ n. (also 亦作 didjeridoo)  an Australian Aboriginal musical wind instrument of long tubular shape 迪吉里杜管(澳大利亚土著人使用的一种长形管状吹奏乐器) [imitative]

didicoi /ˈdidikɔi/ n. (also 亦作 didakai, diddicoy) Brit. slang  a gypsy; an itinerant tinker [英] [俚语]吉普赛人；流动白铁工 [Romany]

didn't /ˈdid(ə)nt/ contr.  did not [缩合]不，没

dido /ˈdaidəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os) US colloq.  an antic, a caper, a prank [美口]滑稽胡闹的人，恶作剧者 □ cut (or cut up) didoes   play pranks 乱开玩笑；胡闹一通 [19th c.: origin unknown]

didst /didst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. past  of DO 

didymium /diˈdimiəm/ n. Chem.  a mixture of praseodymium and neodymium, originally regarded as an element 【化】钕镨混合物 [modern Latin from Greek didumos ‘twin’ (from being closely associated with lanthanum)]

die1 /dai/ v. (dies, died, dying /ˈdaiiŋ/)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) (of a person, animal, or plant) cease to live; expire, lose vital force (人、动物、植物)死亡，灭亡，枯死  died of hunger  饿死 2 intr.  a  come to an end, cease to exist, fade away 结束；停止(存在；) 消逝  the project died within six months  项目在 6 个月后结束b  cease to function; break down 停止运行；损坏，出故障  the engine died  引擎熄火c (of a flame) go out (火焰)熄灭 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  die or cease to function while in the presence or charge of (a person) 漠然不受(人)影响；感觉不到 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, from, with)  be exhausted or tormented 被弄得精疲力竭；受折磨  nearly died of boredom  厌烦得要命 was dying from the heat  热得要死 5 tr.  suffer (a specified death) (具体的)亡故  died a natural death  寿终正寝 □ be dying  (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  wish for longingly or intently 渴望；切望  was dying for a drink  真想喝点什么 am dying to see you  渴望见到你□ die away   become weaker or fainter to the point of extinction 减弱；渐息□ die back  (of a plant) decay from the tip towards the root (植物)顶死，枝叶枯萎□ die down   become less loud or strong 渐低；减弱□ die hard   die reluctantly, not without a struggle 难断气，难绝灭  old habits die hard  旧习难改□ die off   die one after another until few or none are left 相继死去□ die out   become extinct, cease to exist 消灭；死绝，灭绝□ never say die   keep up one's courage, not give in 别气馁，决不屈服□ to die for  (作 predic.) colloq.  extremely good or desirable [口]极好的；渴望得到的  chocolate to die for  极好的巧克力 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse deyja, from Germanic]

die2 /dai/ n.  1 sing.  of DICE n. 1a  2 (pl. dies)  a  an engraved device for stamping a design on coins, medals, etc. 模具；钢型(压制硬币、奖章等上的图案)b  a device for stamping, cutting, or moulding material into a particular shape 冲模；压模；铸模 3 (pl. dice /dais/) Archit.  the cubical part of a pedestal between the base and the cornice; a dado or plinth 【建】方形墩身；方形柱脚 □ as straight (or true) as a die   1  quite straight 非常正直 2  entirely honest or loyal 绝对诚实(或忠诚)□ the die is cast   an irrevocable step has been taken 木已成舟(事已定局，难以挽回) [Middle English via Old French de from Latin datum, neut. past part. of dare ‘give, play’]■Usage 用法说明 Dice, rather than die, is now the standard singular as well as plural form in the games sense (sense 1 above), e.g. one dice, two dice. dice 而不是 die 用于博奕(上述释义 1) 时，现在的标准用法是单复数均用 dice (见上释义 1) ，如 one die (1 个模具)， two dice (两个模具)。 

die-away adj.  having a languishing or affectedly feeble manner 渐息的；渐弱的；渐渐枯萎的

die-back n.  the progressive dying back of a shrub or tree shoot owing to disease or unfavourable conditions 顶死，树叶枯萎

die-casting n.  the process or product of casting from metal moulds 压铸；压铸件 □ die-cast  v. tr.  

dieffenbachia /di:f(ə)nˈbækiə/ n.  any tropical American evergreen plant of the genus Dieffenbachia (arum family), often grown as a house plant and having acrid toxic sap 花叶万年青属植物(海芋科) [modern Latin, named after E. Dieffenbach, German horticulturalist, d. 1855]

diehard /ˈdaihɑ:d/ n.  a conservative or stubborn person 顽固分子，死硬分子

dieldrin /ˈdi:ldrin/ n.  a toxic insecticide produced by the oxidation of aldrin, now little used because of its persistence in the environment 狄氏剂，氧桥氯甲桥萘(一种杀虫剂，有毒性，影响环境，现很少使用) [from O. Diels, German chemist d. 1954 + ALDRIN]

dielectric /daiiˈlektrik/ adj. & n. Electr. 【电】  ●adj.  insulating 绝缘的，非传导性的 ●n.  an insulating medium or substance 绝缘体；电介质 □ dielectrically  adv.   [DI-3 + ELECTRIC = through which electricity is transmitted (without conduction)]

dielectric constant n.  permittivity 介电常数，介电系数

diene /ˈdaii:n/ n. Chem.  any organic compound possessing two double bonds between carbon atoms 【化】二烯(烃) [DI-1 + -ENE]

dieresis US var.  of DIAERESIS [美] DIAERESIS 的变体

diesel /ˈdi:z(ə)l/ n.  1 (in full 全称 diesel engine)  an internal-combustion engine in which the heat produced by the compression of air in the cylinder ignites the fuel 柴油机，内燃机 2  a vehicle driven by a diesel engine 柴油车，内燃机车 3  fuel for a diesel engine 柴油 □ dieselize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [named after R. Diesel, German engineer d. 1913, who invented the engine]

diesel-electric n. & adj. ●n.  a vehicle driven by the electric current produced by a diesel-engined generator 内燃柴油机车 ●adj.  of or powered by this means 内燃电力传动的；柴油电力传动的

diesel oil n.  a heavy petroleum fraction used as fuel in diesel engines 柴油

die-sinker n.  an engraver of dies 制模工，开模工；开模机

Dies irae /ˌdi:eiz ˈiərai, ˈiərei/ n.  a Latin hymn sung in a Mass for the dead (做安魂弥撒时诵唱的)末日经 [Latin (the opening words), = day of wrath]

dies non /ˌdaii:z ˈnɒn/ n. Law 【法律】  1  a day on which no legal business can be done 非庭审日；休庭日 2  a day that does not count for legal purposes (须扣除不算的)假日 [Latin, short for dies non juridicus ‘non-judicial day’]

die-stamping n.  embossing paper etc. with a die 压凹凸印刷(凸饰纸等)

diet1 /ˈdaiət/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the kinds of food that a person or animal habitually eats 日常饮食；日常食料 2  a special course of food to which a person is restricted, esp. for medical reasons or to control weight (适于医疗或减肥的)特种饮食，规定饮食 3  a regular occupation or series of activities to which one is restricted or which form one's main concern, usu. for a purpose (通常为某目的而)日常大量接触的东西，日常做的事情  a diet of light reading and fresh air  经常读书并呼吸新鲜空气 ●v. (dieted, dieting)  1 intr.  restrict oneself to small amounts or special kinds of food, esp. to control one's weight (尤指为了减肥而)节食 2 tr.  restrict (a person or animal) to a special diet 给(人或动物吃)规定的饮食 ●attrib. adj.  with reduced fat or sugar content 减少脂肪(或含糖量)的 □ dieter  n.   [Middle English via Old French diete (n.), dieter (v.) and Latin diaeta from Greek diaita ‘a way of life’]

diet2 /ˈdaiət/ n.  1  a legislative assembly in certain countries (一些国家的)议会(或国会) 2 hist.  a national or international conference, esp. of a federal state or confederation [史义] (尤指在盟国或邦联中的)国家(或国际)会议 3 Sc. Law  a meeting or session of a court [苏格兰]【法律】会议(期)；法院开庭期；法庭开庭日 [Middle English from medieval Latin dieta ‘day's work, wages, etc.’]

dietary /ˈdaiət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a diet (有关)饮食的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a regulated or restricted diet 规定(限制)饮食量 [Middle English from medieval Latin dietarium (as DIET1)]

dietetic /daiəˈtetik/ adj.  of or relating to diet (有关)饮食的 □ dietetically  adv.   [Latin dieteticus from Greek diaitētikos (as DIET1)]

dietetics /daiəˈtetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the scientific study of diet and nutrition 饮食学；膳食学；营养学

diethyl ether /daiˈi:θail/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHER 1a 

dietitian /daiəˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 dietician)  an expert in dietetics 饮食学家

dif- /dif/ prefix  assim. form of DIS- before f 用于 f 前 DIS- 的同化形式 [Latin variant of DIS-]

differ /ˈdifə/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  be unlike or distinguishable 不同，相异，有区别 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  disagree; be at variance (with a person) 意见不同(或不合)，与(某人)持不同看法 [Middle English via Old French differer from Latin differre ‘differ, DEFER1’ (as DIS-, ferre ‘bear, tend’)]

difference /ˈdif(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the state or condition of being different or unlike 差异，不相同 2  a point in which things differ; a distinction 相异点，不同点 3  a degree of unlikeness 不相同程度 4  a  the quantity by which amounts differ; a deficit 差额；赤字  will have to make up the difference  将必须补足差额b  the remainder left after subtraction 差 5  a  a disagreement, quarrel, or dispute 意见相左；争执；争论b  the grounds of disagreement 分歧  put aside their differences  把他们的分歧搁置一边 6 Heraldry  an alteration in a coat of arms distinguishing members of a family 【纹章学】(盾徽上区别于家族成员的)附加图记 ●v. tr. Heraldry  alter (a coat of arms) to distinguish members of a family 【纹章学】附加图记于(盾徽) □ make a (or all the etc.) difference  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have a significant effect or influence (on a person, situation, etc.) (对人、形势等)有关系，有影响；起(重要)作用□ make no difference  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have no effect (on a person, situation, etc.) (对人、形势等)无重大影响□ with a difference   having a new or unusual feature 不同一般的，与众不同的，特别的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin differentia (as DIFFERENT)]

different /ˈdif(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, to, than)  unlike, distinguishable in nature, form, or quality (from another) (与其他)不同的，不一致的，有差异的 2  distinct, separate; not the same one (as another) 个别的，另外的；(作为另一物)有区别的 3 colloq.  unusual [口]特异的，别致的，与众不同的  wanted to do something different  想要做点不平常的事 □ differently  adv.  □ differentness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin different- (as DIFFER)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1 different from is generally regarded as the most acceptable collocation; to is common in less formal British use; than is established in US use and also found in British use, esp. when followed by a clause, e.g. I am a different person than I was a year ago. 用于释义 1 时， different from 的搭配形式是最为大家认可的。 different to 在英国不太正式的场合也很常见。 different than 是美国用法；英国也用，尤其在后跟分句时，如 I am a different person than I was a year ago (我与一年前的我已截然不同)。 

differentia /difəˈrenʃiə/ n. (pl. differentiae /-ʃii:/)  a distinguishing mark, esp. between species within a genus (尤指属中种类间的)种差 [Latin: see DIFFERENCE]

differential /difəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of, exhibiting, or depending on a difference 差异的，显示差异的；依差别而定的b  varying according to circumstances 独特的 2 Math.  relating to infinitesimal differences 【数】微分的 3  constituting a specific difference; distinctive; relating to specific differences 构成特征的；特殊的；与特征有关的  differential diagnosis  鉴别诊断 4 Physics & Mech.  concerning the difference of two or more motions, pressures, etc. 【物理学】【机】有关(两种或两种以上的运行或压力等)差动的；差速的 ●n.  1  a difference between individuals or examples of the same kind (同类人或同类物间的)差别；差异 2  a difference in wage or salary between industries or categories of employees in the same industry (行业之间或同行业中雇员级别之间的)工资级差 3  a difference between rates of interest etc. (利息等之间的)差额，差率 4 Math. 【数】  a  an infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable 微分b  a function expressing this as a rate of change with respect to another variable (微分)函数 5 (in full 全称 differential gear)  a gear allowing a vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds in cornering 差动(速)齿轮 □ differentially  adv.   [medieval & modern Latin differentialis (as DIFFERENCE)]

differential calculus n.  a method of calculating rates of change, maximum or minimum values, etc. (cf. 参见 INTEGRAL CALCULUS) 微分(学) (最大或最小值等的变化率)

differential coefficient n. Math. 【数】  = DERIVATIVEn. 2 

differential equation n.  an equation involving differentials among its quantities 微分方程

differentiate /difəˈrenʃieit/ v.  1 tr.  constitute a difference between or in 使不同；使有区别；构成…间的区别 2 tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  intr. find differences (between); discriminate (两者间)区分；区别；辨别 3 tr. & intr.  make or become different in the process of growth or development (species, word-forms, etc.) (使) (种类、构词等)发生变异 4 tr. Math.  transform (a function) into its derivative 【数】求(函数)的微分 □ differentiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ differentiator  n.   [medieval Latin differentiare differentiat- (as DIFFERENCE)]

differently abled adj. euphem.  disabled [婉]残疾的

difficult /ˈdifik(ə)lt/ adj.  1  a  needing much effort or skill 困难的；艰难的b  troublesome, perplexing 棘手的；复杂的 2 (of a person 人) : a  not easy to please or satisfy 难以取悦的；很难满足的b  uncooperative, troublesome 难以合作的，麻烦的 3  characterized by hardships or problems 困难的；成问题的  a difficult period in his life  他一生中的艰难时期 □ difficultly  adv.  □ difficultness  n.   [Middle English, back-formation from DIFFICULTY]

difficulty /ˈdifik(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being difficult 艰难；困难 2  a  a difficult thing; a problem or hindrance 难事；难点，难题；障碍b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a cause of distress or hardship 困境；麻烦的原因  in financial difficulties  财政困难，经济拮据 there was someone in difficulties in the water  有人在水中遇难 □ with difficulty   not easily 好容易才，千辛万苦才 [Middle English from Latin difficultas (as DIS-, facultas FACULTY)]

diffident /ˈdifid(ə)nt/ adj.  1  shy, lacking self-confidence 羞怯的；缺乏自信的 2  excessively modest and reticent 过分谦逊谨慎的 □ diffidence  n.  □ diffidently  adv.   [Latin diffidere (as DIS-, fidere ‘trust’)]

diffract /diˈfrækt/ v. tr. Physics (of the edge of an opaque body, a narrow slit, etc.) break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark or light bands or coloured spectra, or (a beam of radiation or particles) into a series of alternately high and low intensities 【物理学】(不透明体的边缘、狭窄的裂缝等)使(光束)折射； (射线、粒子流)衍射 □ diffraction  n.  □ diffractive  adj.  □ diffractively  adv.   [Latin diffringere diffract- (as DIS-, frangere ‘break’)]

diffraction grating n.  a plate of glass or metal ruled with very close parallel lines, producing a spectrum by diffraction and interference of light 衍射光栅

diffractometer /difrækˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring diffraction, esp. in crystallographic work (尤用于晶体工件中的)衍射计

diffuse adj. & v. ●adj. /diˈfju:s/  1 (of light, inflammation, etc.) spread out, dispersed, not concentrated or localized (光、炎症等)扩散(开来)的；漫射的 2 (of prose, speech, etc.) not concise; long-winded, verbose (散文、讲话等)不简洁的；冗长的；啰唆的 ●v. tr. & intr. /diˈfju:z/  1  disperse or be dispersed from a centre 散布，扩散 2  spread or be spread widely; reach a large area 四散；广为传播 3 Physics  intermingle by diffusion 【物理学】漫射；散播 □ diffusely  /diˈfju:sli/ adv.  □ diffuseness  /diˈfju:snis/ n.  □ diffusible  /diˈfju:zib(ə)l/ adj.  □ diffusive  /diˈfju:siv/ adj.   [Middle English from French diffus or Latin diffusus ‘extensive’ (as DIS-, fusus, past part. of fundere ‘pour’)]

diffuser /diˈfju:zə/ n. (also 亦作 diffusor)  1  a person or thing that diffuses, esp. a device for diffusing light 散播者；漫射体，漫射器(尤指漫射光的器具) 2 Engin.  a duct for broadening an airflow and reducing its speed 【工程】增宽气流以降低速度的导管

diffusion /diˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of diffusing; the process of being diffused 扩散；散布；弥漫 2 Physics & Chem.  the interpenetration of substances by the natural movement of their particles 【物理学】【化】扩散；漫射(通过物质分子的自由运动而互相渗透) 3 Anthropol.  the spread of elements of culture etc. to another region or people 【人】(文化等的)传流 □ diffusionist  n.   [Middle English from Latin diffusio (as DIFFUSE)]

dig /diɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (digging; past and past part. dug /dʌɡ/)  1 intr.  break up and remove or turn over soil, ground, etc., with a tool, one's hands, (of an animal) claws, etc. 挖土，掘地(翻地等)；(动物)用爪刨地 2 tr.  a  break up and displace (the ground etc.) in this way 挖，掘(地等)b (foll. by 后跟 up)  break up the soil of (fallow land) 翻耕(休闲地) 3 tr.  make (a hole, grave, tunnel, etc.) by digging 挖成；凿成(洞、墓穴、隧道等) 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out)  a  obtain or remove by digging 掘得；挖出b  find or discover after searching 探究；发现 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  excavate (an archaeological site) 发掘(考古遗迹) 6 tr. slang  like, appreciate, or understand [俚语]喜欢；领会；理解 7 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  thrust or poke into or down into 戳进；插进；刺入 8 intr.  make one's way by digging 开凿；掘进  dug through the mountainside  从山腰掘穿 ●n.  1  a piece of digging 一挖；一掘 2  a thrust or poke 戳，碰，捅  a dig in the ribs  碰戳肋骨 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 at) colloq.  a pointed or critical remark [口]挖苦，讽刺 4  an archaeological excavation 考古发掘 5 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit. colloq.  lodgings [尤英口]住宿处 □ dig one's feet (or heels or toes) in   be obstinate 固执己见□ dig in  colloq.  begin eating [口]开始吃□ dig oneself in   1  prepare a defensive trench or pit 挖战壕(或坑道)准备防守 2  establish one's position 确立…的地位，使站稳脚跟 [Middle English digge, of uncertain origin: perhaps from Old English dīc ‘ditch’]

digamma /daiˈɡæmə/ n.  the sixth letter of the early Greek alphabet (probably pronounced w), later disused 古希腊字母表的第 6 个字母 [Latin from Greek (as DI-1, GAMMA)]

digastric /daiˈɡæstrik/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  ●adj. (of a muscle) having two wide parts with a tendon between 二腹的；二腹肌的 ●n.  the muscle that opens the jaw (下腭的)二腹肌 [modern Latin digastricus (as DI-1, Greek gastēr ‘belly’)]

digest v. & n. ●v. tr. /daiˈdʒest, di-/  1  break down (food) in the stomach and bowels into simpler molecules that can be assimilated by the body 消化(食物) 2  understand and assimilate mentally 领会，融会贯通 3 Chem.  treat (a substance) with heat, enzymes, or a solvent in order to decompose it, extract the essence, etc. 【化】(用热、酶或溶剂通过分解，提取精华等)浸提；蒸煮；煮解(物质) 4  a  reduce to a systematic or convenient form; classify; summarize (系统地)整理；汇编；作摘要b  think over; arrange in the mind (仔细)考虑，思量 ●n. /ˈdaidʒest/  1  a  a methodical summary esp. of a body of laws (尤指一套法典)法规汇集b (作 the Digest)  the compendium of Roman law compiled in the reign of Justinian (6th c. AD) 罗马法典(公元 6 世纪罗马皇帝查士丁尼下令所汇编) 2  a regular or occasional synopsis of current literature or news 文摘；摘要 □ digester  n.  □ digestible  adj.  □ digestibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin digerere digest- ‘distribute, dissolve, digest’ (as DI-2, gerere ‘carry’)]

digestion /daiˈdʒestʃ(ə)n, di-/ n.  1  the process of digesting 消化(作用) 2  the capacity to digest food 消化力  has a weak digestion  消化不好 3  digesting a substance by means of heat, enzymes, or a solvent (靠热、酶或溶剂)分解物质 [Middle English via Old French from Latin digestio -onis (as DIGEST)]

digestive /daiˈdʒestiv, di-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to digestion (有关)消化的 2  aiding or promoting digestion 有助(促进)消化的 ●n.  1  a substance that aids digestion 助消化剂 2 (in full 全称 digestive biscuit) Brit.  a usu. round semi-sweet wholemeal biscuit [英] (一种通常圆形半甜全麦做的)粗面饼干，消化饼干 □ digestively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French digestif -ive or Latin digestivus (as DIGEST)]

digger /ˈdiɡə/ n.  1  a person or machine that digs, esp. a mechanical excavator 挖掘者； (尤指机械)挖掘器 2  a miner, esp. a gold-digger 矿工(尤指淘金者) 3 colloq.  an Australian or New Zealander, esp. a private soldier [口]澳大利亚人(或新西兰人) (尤指普通士兵) 4 Austral. & NZ colloq. (as a form of address) mate, fellow [澳新口]伙伴，同事(作为一种称呼)

digger wasp n.  any of various mainly solitary wasps which burrow in soil 掘土蜂，泥蜂

diggings /ˈdiɡiŋz/ n. pl.  1  a  a mine or goldfield 矿区；金矿b  material dug out of a mine etc. (矿等中的)开采物，发掘物 2 Brit. colloq.  lodgings, accommodation [英口]住处，住所；寄宿舍

dight /dait/ adj. archaic  clothed, arrayed [古义]穿戴的，打扮(或装饰)的 [past part. of dight from Old English dihtan, from Latin dictare DICTATE]

digit /ˈdidʒit/ n.  1  any numeral from 0 to 9, esp. when forming part of a number (尤指组成数目的)数字 2 Anat. & Zool.  a finger, thumb, or toe 【解】【动】(手)指；拇指；(足)趾 [Middle English from Latin digitus]

digital /ˈdidʒit(ə)l/ adj.  1  designating, relating to, operating with, or created using, signals or information represented by digits 数字的  a digital recording  数字记录 2 (of a clock, watch, etc.) giving a reading by means of displayed digits as opposed to hands (cf. 参见 ANALOGUE adj. 2) (钟、表等不用指针而是用)数字显示的 □ digitalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ digitally  adv.   [Latin digitalis (as DIGIT)]

digital audio tape n.  magnetic tape on which sound is recorded digitally 数字音频磁带

digitalin /didʒiˈteilin/ n.  the pharmacologically active constituent(s) of the foxglove 洋地黄苷(甙) [DIGITALIS + -IN]

digitalis /didʒiˈteilis/ n.  a drug prepared from the dried leaves of foxgloves and containing substances that stimulate the heart muscle 洋(毛)地黄 [modern Latin, = relating to the finger, genus name of foxglove, influenced by German Fingerhut ‘foxglove, thimble’: see DIGITAL]

digital to analog converter n.  a device for converting digital values to analog form 数模转换器；数位类比变换器

digitate /ˈdidʒitət, -eit/ adj.  1 Zool.  having separate fingers or toes 【动】有指的；有趾的 2 Bot.  having deep radiating divisions 【植】指状的；掌状的 □ digitately  adv.  □ digitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin digitatus (as DIGIT)]

digitigrade /ˈdidʒitiɡreid/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of an animal) walking on its toes and not touching the ground with its heels, e.g. dogs, cats, and rodents (如狗、猫等动物)趾行的 ●n.  a digitigrade animal (cf. 参见 PLANTIGRADE) 趾行动物 [French, from Latin digitus + -gradus ‘-walking’]

digitize /ˈdidʒitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert (data etc.) into digital form, esp. for processing by a computer (尤指用计算机)将(数据等)数字化 □ digitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dignified /ˈdiɡnifaid/ adj.  having or expressing dignity; noble or stately in appearance or manner 有尊严的；高贵的；高尚的 □ dignifiedly  adv.  

dignify /ˈdiɡnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  give dignity or distinction to 使有尊严，使高贵 2  ennoble; make worthy or illustrious 使高贵，使尊荣；使增光 3  give the form or appearance of dignity to 使显得堂皇；抬高…的身价  dignified the house with the name of mansion  称房屋为大厦以抬高身价 [obsolete French dignifier via Old French dignefier from Late Latin dignificare, from dignus ‘worthy’]

dignitary /ˈdiɡnit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person holding high rank or office 权贵；高官 [DIGNITY + -ARY1, on the pattern of PROPRIETARY]

dignity /ˈdiɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a composed and serious manner or style 威严，庄严，端庄 2  the state of being worthy of honour or respect 高贵；高尚；尊严 3  worthiness, excellence 优秀，卓越  the dignity of work  劳动的崇高 4  a high or honourable rank or position 高官，显位 5  high regard or estimation 高度评价(敬意) □ beneath one's dignity   not considered worthy enough for one to do 有失尊严，不合身份□ stand on one's dignity   insist (esp. by one's manner) on being treated with due respect (尤指摆架子)保持尊严 [Middle English via Old French digneté, dignité from Latin dignitas -tatis, from dignus ‘worthy’]

digraph /ˈdaiɡrɑ:f/ n.  a group of two letters representing one sound, as in ph and ey 单音复合字母，二合字母(如 ph, ey) □ digraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 Digraph is sometimes confused with ligature which means ‘two or more letters joined together’. 有时人们常把二合字母 (digraph) 与由两个或多个字母合成的连字 (ligature) 相混淆。 

digress /daiˈɡres/ v. intr.  depart from the main subject temporarily in speech or writing 离题 □ digresser  n.  □ digression  /-ˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ digressive  adj.  □ digressively  adv.  □ digressiveness  n.   [Latin digredi digress- (as DI-2, gradi ‘walk’)]

digs  see 见 DIG n. 5 

dihedral /daiˈhi:dr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having or contained by two plane faces 二面的，有两个平面的 ●n.  = DIHEDRAL ANGLE  [dihedron from DI-1 + -HEDRON]

dihedral angle n.  an angle formed by two plane surfaces, esp. by an aircraft wing with the horizontal (尤指机翼与水平面所形成的)二面角

dihybrid /daiˈhaibrid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes 双因子杂合子 ●adj.  relating to the inheritance of alleles of two different genes 双因子杂合子的

dihydric /daiˈhaidrik/ adj. Chem. (of an alcohol) containing two hydroxyl groups 【化】(乙醇含)二羟基的 [DI-1 + HYDROGEN + -IC]

dik-dik /ˈdikdik/ n.  any dwarf antelope of the genus Madoqua, native to Africa (产于非洲东部的犬羚属)犬羚 [name in E. Africa and in Afrikaans]

dike1 var.  of DYKE1  DYKE1 的变体

dike2 var.  of DYKE2  DYKE2 的变体

diktat /ˈdiktæt/ n.  a categorical statement or decree, esp. terms imposed after a war by a victor (胜方强加在战败方的)投降令，勒令；绝对命令 [German, = DICTATE]

dilapidate /diˈlæpideit/ v. intr. & tr.  fall or cause to fall into disrepair or ruin (使)荒废； (使)毁坏 [Latin dilapidare ‘demolish, squander’ (as DI-2, lapis lapid- ‘stone’)]

dilapidated /diˈlæpideitid/ adj.  in a state of disrepair or ruin, esp. as a result of age or neglect (尤指因年久或荒芜而)毁坏的；倾坍的

dilapidation /diˌlæpiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of dilapidating 坍毁，倾圮b  a state of disrepair 破旧，失修 2 (in pl. 用复数)  repairs required at the end of a tenancy or lease (租赁到期时)房屋所需的维修 3 Eccl.  a sum charged against an incumbent for wear and tear during a tenancy 【教会】(向居住教会房屋的圣职人员索取的)房屋折旧费 [Middle English from Late Latin dilapidatio (as DILAPIDATE)]

dilatation /daileiˈteiʃ(ə)n, di-, -lə-/ n.  1  the widening or expansion of a hollow organ or cavity (中空器官或空洞)扩张；膨胀 2  the process of dilating 扩张过程；膨胀过程

dilatation and curettage  see 见 D. AND C. 

dilate /daiˈleit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become wider or larger (esp. of an opening in the body) (使) (尤指人体上或体内的窍、开口等)膨胀 , (使)扩大 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  speak or write at length 详述；详论 □ dilatable  adj.  □ dilation  n.   [Middle English via Old French dilater from Latin dilatare ‘spread out’ (as DI-2, latus ‘wide’)]

dilator /daiˈleitə, di-/ n.  1 Anat.  a muscle that dilates an organ or aperture 【解】开大肌，扩张肌 2 Surgery  an instrument for dilating a tube or cavity in the body 【外科】扩张器

dilatory /ˈdilət(ə)ri/ adj.  given to or causing delay 拖拉(或迟误)的 □ dilatorily  adv.  □ dilatoriness  n.   [Late Latin dilatorius (as DI-2, dilat-, past part. stem of differre DEFER1)]

dildo /ˈdildəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  an object shaped like an erect penis and used, esp. by women, for sexual stimulation (尤指妇女使用的)假阴茎，人造阴茎 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dilemma /diˈlemə, dai-/ n.  1  a situation in which a choice has to be made between two equally undesirable alternatives (进退两难的)局面，窘境 2  a state of indecision between two alternatives 两难的选择 3 disp.  a difficult situation; a problem [异议]困境；难题 4  an argument forcing an opponent to choose either of two unfavourable alternatives 二难推理(强迫对手在两种对他不利的选择中进行选择的论点) [Latin from Greek (as DI-1, lēmma ‘premiss’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of dilemma in sense 3 is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为释义 3 中 dilemma 的用法不正确。 

dilettante /diliˈtænti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. dilettanti /-ti/ or dilettantes)  1  a person who studies a subject or area of knowledge superficially 浅薄的涉猎者，半吊子 2  a person who enjoys the arts 艺术爱好者 ●adj.  trifling, not thorough; amateurish 浅薄的；半吊子的；业余的 □ dilettantish  adj.  □ dilettantism  n.   [Italian from pres. part. of dilettare ‘delight’, from Latin delectare]

diligence1 /ˈdilidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  careful and persistent application or effort 勤奋；用功 2 (as a characteristic) industriousness (性格)勤勉 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diligentia (as DILIGENT)]

diligence2 /ˈdilidʒ(ə)ns/ n. hist.  a public stagecoach, esp. in France [史义] (尤指法国的)公共马车 [French, for carrosse de diligence ‘coach of speed’]

diligent /ˈdilidʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  careful and steady in application to one's work or duties 细致而坚持不懈的；孜孜不倦的 2  showing care and effort 勤勉的；勤奋的 □ diligently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin diligens ‘assiduous’, part. of diligere ‘love, take delight in’ (as DI-2, legere ‘choose’)]

dill1 /dil/ n.  1  an umbelliferous herb, Anethum graveolens, with yellow flowers and aromatic seeds 莳萝，土茴香(开黄花结芳香籽的伞形花序药草) 2  the leaves (in full 全称 dill weed) or seeds of this plant used for flavouring and medicinal purposes 莳萝叶，莳萝籽(两者可作调味品或入药) [Old English dile]

dill2 /dil/ n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  a fool or simpleton 傻瓜，笨蛋 2  the victim of a trickster 受骗者 [apparently back-formation from DILLY2]

dill pickle n.  pickled cucumber etc. flavoured with dill 用莳萝籽调味的腌黄瓜(泡菜等)

dill-water n.  a distillate of dill used as a carminative (用作驱风止痛的)莳萝水

dilly1 /ˈdili/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US slang  a remarkable or excellent person or thing [尤美] [俚语]杰出人物；漂亮妞；惊人(或异常)之事 [dilly (adj.) from DELIGHTFUL or DELICIOUS]

dilly2 /ˈdili/ adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  odd or eccentric 怪癖的；古怪的 2  foolish, stupid, mad 愚笨的，疯狂的 [perhaps from DAFT, SILLY]

dillybag /ˈdilibæɡ/ n. Austral.  a small bag or basket [澳]小袋，小篮 [Yagara dilly ‘(a bag made of) coarse grass or reeds’]

dilly-dally /ˈdilidæli/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq. [口]  1  dawdle, loiter 闲荡，闲逛 2  vacillate 犹豫，踌躇 [reduplication of DALLY]

diluent /ˈdiljʊənt/ adj. & n. Chem. & Biochem. 【化】【生化】  ●adj.  that serves to dilute 冲淡的；稀释的 ●n.  a diluting agent 稀释剂 [Latin diluere diluent- DILUTE]

dilute /daiˈl(j)u:t, di-/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  reduce the strength of (a fluid) by adding water or another solvent 冲淡，稀释(液体) 2  weaken or reduce the strength or forcefulness of, esp. by adding something (尤指通过增加某物以)削弱，减轻，降低 ●adj. /also 亦作 ˈdai-/  1 (esp. of a fluid) diluted, weakened (尤指液体)稀释的；冲淡的 2 (of a colour) washed out; low in saturation (颜色)退色的；色相饱和度低的 3 Chem. 【化】  a (of a solution) having relatively low concentration of solute (溶液)淡的b (of a substance) in solution (物质)呈溶液状态的  dilute sulphuric acid  稀硫酸 □ diluter  n.  □ dilution  n.   [Latin diluere dilut- (as DI-2, luere ‘wash’)]

diluvial /daiˈl(j)u:viəl, di-/ adj.  1  of a flood, esp. of the Flood in Genesis (尤指《圣经·创世记》所记载的)大洪水的 2 Geol.  of or consisting of diluvium 【地质】洪积(层)的 [Late Latin diluvialis from diluvium DELUGE]

diluvium /daiˈl(j)u:viəm, di-/ n. (pl. diluvia /-viə/) Geol. 【地质】  = DRIFTn. 8  [Latin: see DILUVIAL]

dim /dim/ adj. & v. ●adj. (dimmer, dimmest)  1  a  only faintly luminous or visible; not bright 暗淡的；模糊不清的；昏暗的b  obscure; ill-defined 模糊的；不清的 2  not clearly perceived or remembered (感知或记忆)不清晰 3 colloq.  stupid; slow to understand [口]愚笨的，迟钝的 4 (of the eyes) not seeing clearly (眼睛)朦胧的 ●v. (dimmed, dimming)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become dim or less bright (使)昏暗； (使)朦胧 2 tr. US  dip (headlights) [美]减弱(汽车前灯的)亮度 □ take a dim view of  colloq. [口]  1  disapprove of 不赞同 2  feel gloomy about 对…持悲观看法□ dimly  adv.  □ dimmish  adj.  □ dimness  n.   [Old English dim, dimm, of unknown origin]

dim. abbr. [缩略]  diminuendo 

dime /daim/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a ten-cent coin 10 分(一角)硬币 2 colloq.  a small amount of money [口]少量钱 □ a dime a dozen   very cheap or commonplace 十分便宜；不稀罕□ on a dime  N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  within a small area or short distance 在小范围(或近距离)内 2  quickly, instantly 立即 [Middle English (originally = tithe) via Old French disme from Latin decima pars ‘tenth part’]

dime novel n. N. Amer.  a cheap popular novel [北美]廉价通俗小说

dimension /diˈmenʃ(ə)n, dai-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a measurable extent of any kind, as length, breadth, depth (长、宽、深)尺寸 2 (in pl. 用复数)  size, scope, extent 大小；范围；程度 3  an aspect or facet of a situation, problem, etc. (形势、难题等的)范围；方面 4 Algebra  one of a number of unknown or variable quantities contained as factors in a product 【代数】次，元，度(数)，维(数)  x3, x2y, xyz, are all of three dimensions  x3, x2y, xyz 都是三维的 5 Physics  the product of mass, length, time, etc., raised to the appropriate power, in a derived physical quantity 【物理学】(质量、长度、时间等)量纲 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 dimensioned adj.)  mark the dimensions on (a diagram etc.) 标出(图表等)尺寸(的) □ dimensional  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ dimensionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin dimensio -onis (as DI-2, metiri mensus ‘measure’)]

dimer /ˈdaimə/ n. Chem.  a compound consisting of two identical molecules linked together (cf. 参见 MONOMER) 【化】二聚物，二分子聚合物 □ dimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [DI-1 + -mer on the pattern of POLYMER]

dimerize /ˈdaiməraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert or be converted to a dimer 【化】(使)二聚 , (使)成为二聚物 □ dimerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dimerous /ˈdim(ə)rəs/ adj. (of a plant) having two parts in a whorl etc. (植物轮生体等)二基数的 [modern Latin dimerus from Greek dimerēs ‘bipartite’]

dimeter /ˈdimitə/ n. Prosody  a line of verse consisting of two metrical feet 【诗体】二音步(或二步格)诗行 [Late Latin dimetrus from Greek dimetros (as DI-1, metron ‘measure’)]

dimethylsulphoxide /daiˌmi:θailsʌlˈfɒksaid/ n. (US [美] dimethylsulfoxide) Chem.  a colourless liquid used as a solvent and in medicine esp. to treat inflammation (abbr. 缩略 : DMSO)Chem. formula 化学分子式 : (CH3)2SO 【化】(尤指治疗炎症的)二甲基亚砜

dimetrodon /daiˈmi:trədɒn/ n.  a large carnivorous quadrupedal reptile of the genus Dimetrodon, of the Permian period, with long spines on its back forming a sail-like crest 异齿龙(异齿龙属，生活在二叠纪的大型食肉性四足爬行动物，背椎处具有一个大背帆) [modern Latin from DI-1 + Greek metron ‘measure’ + odous odont- ‘tooth’ (taken in sense ‘two long teeth’)]

diminish /diˈminiʃ/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become smaller or less (使)减少； (使)变小 2 tr.  lessen the reputation or influence of (a person) 削弱(某人)的权势；降低(某人)的声誉；贬低 □ diminishable  adj.   [Middle English, blending of earlier minish from Old French menusier ultimately from Latin, and diminue from Old French diminuer MINUTIA, from Latin diminuere diminut- ‘break up small’]

diminished /diˈminiʃt/ adj.  1  reduced; made smaller or less 经缩减的；减少了的 2 Mus. (of an interval, usu. a seventh or fifth) less by a semitone than the corresponding minor or perfect interval 【音】(通常 7 度或 5 度音程)音程减的；减半音的

diminished responsibility n. Brit.  the limitation of criminal responsibility on the ground of mental weakness or abnormality [英] (因弱智或变态而)减轻(的刑事)责任

diminuendo /diˌminjʊˈendəʊ/ n., adv., adj. & v. Mus. 【音】  ●n. (pl. -os or diminuendi /-di/)  1  a gradual decrease in loudness (在音量上)渐弱 2  a passage to be performed with such a decrease 渐弱的段落 ●adv. & adj.  with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱地(的) ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  decrease gradually in loudness or intensity (声响、强度)渐弱 [Italian, part. of diminuire DIMINISH]

diminution /dimiˈnju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of diminishing 减少；降低b  the amount by which something diminishes 缩减量 2 Mus.  the repetition of a passage in notes shorter than those originally used 【音】减值 , (音值的)缩小 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diminutio -onis (as DIMINISH)]

diminutive /diˈminjʊtiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  remarkably small; tiny 非常小的，微小的 2 Gram. (of a word or suffix) implying smallness, either actual or imputed in token of affection, scorn, etc. (e.g. 如 -let, -kins) 【语法】(词或后缀)指小的 , (实际上小的或表达好感或轻视等而说小的) ●n. Gram.  a diminutive word or suffix 【语法】指小词；指小词缀 □ diminutival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ diminutively  adv.  □ diminutiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French diminutif, -ive from Late Latin diminutivus (as DIMINISH)]

dimissory /ˈdimis(ə)ri/ adj.  1  ordering or permitting to depart 免职的；准许离去的 2 Eccl.  granting permission for a candidate to be ordained outside the bishop's own see 【教会】准许调往(迁往)其他教区任职的  dimissory letters  牧师转出教区的许可状 [Middle English from Late Latin dimissorius, from dimittere dimiss- ‘send away’ (as DI-2, mittere ‘send’)]

dimity /ˈdimiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a cotton fabric woven with stripes or checks 麻纱；条格细棉布 [Middle English via Italian dimito or medieval Latin dimitum from Greek dimitos (as DI-1, mitos ‘warp-thread’)]

dimmer /ˈdimə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 dimmer switch)  a device for varying the brightness of an electric light 减光器，变光器，调光器 2 US [美]  a (in pl. 用复数)  small parking lights on a motor vehicle (汽车的)停车小灯b  a headlight on low beam (汽车大灯的)低光束

dimorphic /daiˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (also 亦作 dimorphous /daiˈmɔ:fəs/) Biol., Chem. & Mineral.  exhibiting, or occurring in, two distinct forms 【生】【化】【矿】二形的；二态的；双晶的 □ dimorphism  n.   [Greek dimorphos (as DI-1, morphē ‘form’)]

dimple /ˈdimp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small hollow or dent in the flesh, esp. in the cheeks or chin (尤指两颊、下巴的)酒窝，靥 ●v.  1 intr.  produce or show dimples 现笑靥 2 tr.  produce dimples in (a cheek etc.) 使(面颊等)现笑靥 □ dimply  adj.   [Middle English probably from Old English, from a Germanic root dump-, perhaps a nasalized form related to DEEP]

dim sum /dim ˈsʌm/ n. (also 亦作 dim sim /ˈsim/)  a Chinese dish of small steamed or fried savoury dumplings containing various fillings, served as a snack or course 点心(里面包有各种各样的馅，或蒸或炸，个小而美味，作为零食或一道菜) [Cantonese tím sam, from tím ‘dot’ + sam ‘heart’]

dimwit /ˈdimwit/ n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜 □ dim-witted  adj.  

DIN /din/ n.  any of a series of technical standards originating in Germany and used internationally, esp. to designate electrical connections, film speeds, and paper sizes 德国工业标准(亦为国际通用，尤表明电气连接、胶卷感光度以及纸张尺寸) [German, from Deutsche Industrie-Norm]

din /din/ n. & v. ●n.  a prolonged loud and distracting noise 喧闹声，嘈杂声 ●v. (dinned, dinning)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  instil (something to be learnt) by constant repetition (要记住的某事)再三叮嘱，三番五次地告诫 2 intr.  make a din 发出喧闹声 [Old English dyne, dynn, dynian, from Germanic]

dinar /ˈdi:nɑ:/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of the states of the former Yugoslavia 第纳尔(前南斯拉夫的主要货币单位) 2  the chief monetary unit of certain countries of the Middle East and N. Africa 第纳尔(中东和北非一些国家的主要货币单位) [Arabic & Persian dīnɑˉr via Greek dēnarion from Latin denarius: see DENIER]

din-din /ˈdindin/ n. (also 亦作 din-dins) colloq.  a jocular or child's word for dinner [口]开吃；饭饭(正餐的诙谐或儿童用语) [reduplication of first syllable of DINNER]

dine /dain/ v.  1 intr.  a  eat dinner 吃饭，进餐b (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  eat for dinner 进正餐 2 tr.  give dinner to 设宴款待，宴请 □ dine out   1  dine away from home 外出进餐 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  be entertained to dinner etc. on account of (one's ability to relate an interesting event, story, etc.) 吃请，靠着(成就、声望)被人请进餐；靠着(某事迹、某新闻等)而在社交界多有饭局应酬 [Middle English from Old French diner, disner, ultimately from DIS- + Late Latin jejunare from jejunus ‘fasting’]

diner /ˈdainə/ n.  1  a person who dines, esp. in a restaurant (尤指饭馆的)用餐者 2  a railway dining car (火车上的)餐车 3 N. Amer.  a small restaurant, esp. one resembling a dining car [北美] (尤指类似餐车的)小餐馆 4  a small dining room 小饭店

dinero /diˈnɛərəʊ/ n. US slang  money, cash [美] [俚语]钱，现金

dinette /daiˈnet/ n.  1  a small room or part of a room used for eating meals (厨房旁的)小餐室 2 N. Amer.  a set of table and chairs for this [北美] (小餐室里的)一套就餐桌椅

ding1 /diŋ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a ringing sound 鸣钟，丁当作响 ●n.  a ringing sound, as of a bell 钟声，丁当声 [imitative: influenced by DIN]

ding2 /diŋ/ n. Austral. slang  a party or celebration, esp. a wild one [澳] [俚语] (尤指闹哄哄的)社交活动(或庆典) [perhaps from DING-DONG or WINGDING]

ding-a-ling /ˈdiŋəliŋ/ n.  1  the sound of a bell 铃声 2 N. Amer.  an eccentric or stupid person [北美]怪人；傻子，笨人

Ding an sich /ˌdiŋ æn ˈzix, 德 ˈziç/ n. Philos.  a thing in itself 【哲】自在之物 [German]

dingbat /ˈdiŋbæt/ n. slang [俚语]  1 N. Amer. & Austral.  a stupid or eccentric person [北美] [澳]蠢人，怪人 2 (in pl. 用复数) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  a  madness 疯狂b  discomfort, unease 不适，不安  gives me the dingbats  令我不安 [19th c., in early use applied to various vaguely specified objects: perhaps from ding ‘to beat’ + BAT1, influenced by BAT2, BATTY]

ding-dong /ˈdiŋdɒŋ, diŋˈdɒŋ/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the sound of alternate chimes, as of two bells 叮当，叮咚 2 Brit. colloq.  an intense argument or fight [英口]激烈的争论(或打斗) 3 Brit. colloq.  a riotous party [英口]喧闹的(狂欢的)集会 ●adj. (of a contest etc.) evenly matched and intensely waged; thoroughgoing (竞赛等)旗鼓相当的，激烈的；彻头彻尾的 ●adv. Brit.  with vigour and energy [英]精力充沛地  hammer away at it ding-dong  起劲地干起来 [16th c.: imitative]

dinge /din(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a dent or hollow caused by a blow 打击留下的凹痕(或窟窿) ●v. tr.  make such a dent in 打出凹痕 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dinghy /ˈdiŋɡi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small boat carried by a ship (舰船上的)小舟，小划艇 2  a small pleasure boat 小游艇 3  a small inflatable rubber boat (esp. for emergency use) (尤指供紧急情况下用的)充气橡皮筏 [originally a rowing boat used on Indian rivers, from Hindi ḍīṅgī, ḍēṅgī]

dingle /ˈdiŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a deep wooded valley or dell 有树木的峡谷；(树木掩隐的)幽谷 [Middle English: origin unknown]

dingo /ˈdiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a wild or half-domesticated Australian dog, Canis dingo 澳洲野犬 2 Austral. slang  a coward or scoundrel [澳] [俚语]懦夫，坏蛋 [Dharuk din-gu or dayn-gu ‘domesticated dingo’]

dingy /ˈdin(d)ʒi/ adj. (dingier, dingiest)  dirty-looking, drab, dull-coloured 肮脏的；邋遢的； (颜色)暗淡的 □ dingily  adv.  □ dinginess  n.   [perhaps ultimately from Old English dynge DUNG]

dining car n.  a railway carriage equipped as a restaurant (火车上的)餐车

dining hall n.  a hall in which meals are eaten (大)餐厅，饭厅

dining room n.  a room in which meals are eaten 餐室，餐厅

dining table n.  a table on which meals are served in a dining room 餐桌

dink /diŋk/ n.  = DINKY2 

dinkum /ˈdiŋkəm/ adj. Austral. & NZ colloq.  genuine, right [澳新口]真正的；正确的 □ fair dinkum   1  fair play 正大光明地比赛 2  genuine(ly), honest(ly), true, truly 真实的(地；) 诚实的(地；) 真正的(地) [19th c.: origin unknown]

dinkum oil n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  the honest truth [澳新口]真情实况，真相

dinky1 /ˈdiŋki/ adj. (dinkier, dinkiest) colloq. [口]  1 Brit. (esp. of a thing) neat and attractive; small, dainty [英] (尤指物)整洁的；吸引人的；极小的 2 N. Amer.  trifling, insignificant [北美]微不足道的，不重要的 [Scots dink ‘neat, trim’, of unknown origin]

dinky2 /ˈdiŋki/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a well-off young working couple with no children 丁客族(富裕而无子女的上班夫妇) 2  either partner of this 丁客族中的一员 [contraction of double income no kids + -Y2]

dinner /ˈdinə/ n.  1  the main meal of the day, taken either at midday or in the evening (中午或晚上的)正餐 2  a formal evening meal, often in honour of a person or event (为款待某人或纪念某事的)正式晚宴 [Middle English from Old French diner, disner: see DINE]

dinner dance n.  a formal dinner followed by dancing 结束后安排跳舞的正式宴会

dinner jacket n.  a man's short usu. black formal jacket for evening wear 男子餐服，小礼服(通常黑色)

dinner lady n. Brit.  a woman who supervises children's lunch in a school [英]管理在校学生中餐的妇女

dinner party n.  a party to which guests are invited to eat dinner together 宴会

dinner service n.  a set of usu. matching crockery for serving a meal 一套(通常相称的)西餐具

dinner time n.  the time at which dinner is customarily eaten (通常的)正餐时间

dinoflagellate /dainə(ʊ)ˈflædʒəleit/ n.  a unicellular aquatic organism with two flagella, of a group variously classed as algae and protozoa 腰鞭毛虫 [modern Latin Dinoflagellata, from Greek dinos ‘whirling’ + Latin FLAGELLUM]

dinosaur /ˈdainəsɔ:/ n.  1  an extinct reptile of the Mesozoic era, often of enormous size 恐龙 2  a large unwieldy system or organization, esp. one not adapting to new conditions (尤指一个不能适应新环境的)臃肿的体制(或机构) □ dinosaurian  /-ˈsɔ:riən/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin dinosaurus, from Greek deinos ‘terrible’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

dinothere var.  of DEINOTHERE  DEINOTHERE 的变体

dint /dint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dent 凹痕 2 archaic  a blow or stroke [古义]打，一击 ●v. tr.  mark with dints 击出凹痕 □ by dint of   by force or means of 凭借(…的力量；) 由于 [Middle English from Old English dynt, and partly from cognate Old Norse dyntr: ultimate origin unknown]

diocesan /daiˈɒsis(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning a diocese (有关)教区的 ●n.  the bishop of a diocese 主教 [Middle English via French diocésain from Late Latin diocesanus (as DIOCESE)]

diocese /ˈdaiəsis/ n.  a district under the pastoral care of a bishop (主教)教区 [Middle English via Old French diocise, Late Latin diocesis, and Latin dioecesis from Greek dioikēsis ‘administration’ (as DI-3, oikeō ‘inhabit’)]

diode /ˈdaiəʊd/ n. Electronics 【电子学】  1  a semiconductor allowing the flow of current in one direction only and having two terminals (半导体)二极管 2  a thermionic valve having two electrodes 二极热离子管 [DI-1 + ELECTRODE]

dioecious /daiˈi:ʃəs/ adj.  1 Bot.  having male and female organs on separate plants 【植】雌雄异株的 2 Zool.  having the two sexes in separate individuals (cf. 参见 MONOECIOUS) 【动】雌雄异体的 [DI-1 + Greek -oikos ‘-housed’]

dioestrus /daiˈi:strəs/ n. (US [美] diestrus)  an interval between periods of oestrus 间情期

diol /ˈdaiɒl/ n. Chem.  any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in each molecule 【化】二醇 [DI-1 + -OL1]

Dionysiac /daiəˈniziæk/ adj. (also 亦作 Dionysian /-ziən/)  1  wildly sensual; unrestrained 耽于声色的；无节制的 2 (in Greek mythology) of or relating to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, or his worship (希腊神话中的) (有关)酒神节的； (有关)希腊酒神狄俄尼索斯的； (有关)对酒神崇拜的 [Late Latin Dionysiacus via Latin Dionysus from Greek Dionusos]

Diophantine equation /daiə(ʊ)ˈfæntin, -tain/ n. Math.  an equation with integral coefficients for which integral solutions are required 【数】丢番图方程 [named after Diophantus of Alexandria, mathematician c. 3rd century]

dioptre /daiˈɒptə/ n. (US [美] diopter) Optics  a unit of refractive power of a lens, equal to the reciprocal of its focal length in metres 【光学】屈光度，折光度(透镜折射力单位) [French dioptre via Latin dioptra from Greek: see DIOPTRIC]

dioptric /daiˈɒptrik/ adj. Optics 【光学】  1  serving as a medium for sight; assisting sight by refraction 折光度的，借屈光矫正视力的  dioptric glass  屈光玻璃 dioptric lens  屈光透镜 2  of refraction; refractive 屈光的，折光的 [Greek dioptrikos from dioptra, a kind of theodolite]

dioptrics /daiˈɒptriks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数) Optics  the part of optics that deals with refraction 【光学】折光学，屈光学

diorama /daiəˈrɑ:mə/ n.  1  a scenic painting in which changes in colour and direction of illumination simulate a sunrise etc. (模仿日出等的)透景画 2  a small representation of a scene with three-dimensional figures, viewed through a window etc. 西洋景(通过小孔等观看三维图形) 3  a small-scale model or film set 微型立体景(或电影布景) □ dioramic  /-ˈræmik/ adj.   [DI-3 + Greek horama -atos from horaō ‘see’]

diorite /ˈdaiərait/ n. Geol.  a coarse-grained plutonic igneous rock containing quartz 【地质】闪长岩 □ dioritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [French, from Greek diorizō ‘distinguish’]

dioxan /daiˈɒksæn/ n. (also 亦作 dioxane /-ein/) Chem.  a colourless toxic liquid used as a solvent Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H8O2 【化】二噁烷，二氧杂环己烷(用作溶剂)

dioxide /daiˈɒksaid/ n. Chem.  an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen which are not linked together 【化】二氧化物  carbon dioxide  二氧化碳

dioxin /daiˈɒksin/ n. Chem.  any of a class of cyclic compounds produced as chemical by-products, esp. the highly toxic tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD) 【化】二噁英(尤指毒性极强的四氯二苯并 -p- 二噁英)

DIP /dip/ n. Computing  a form of integrated circuit consisting of a small plastic or ceramic slab with two parallel rows of pins 【计算】双列直插式(封装)组件 [acronym from dual in-line package]

Dip. abbr. [缩略]  Diploma 

dip /dip/ v. & n. ●v. (dipped, dipping)  1 tr.  put or let down briefly into liquid etc.; immerse 浸，蘸(液体等)；使浸没 2 intr.  a  go below a surface or level (下)沉；沉没  the sun dipped below the horizon  太阳落到地平线下b (of a level of income, activity, etc.) decline slightly, esp. briefly (收入、活动等尤指短暂地)小幅度下降  profits dipped in May  5 月份利润小幅下跌 3 intr.  extend downwards; take or have a downward slope 向下扩展；向下倾斜  the road dips after the bend  过了弯道路面往下倾斜 4 intr.  go under water and emerge quickly 没于水中又快速浮现 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  read briefly from (a book etc.) 随便翻阅，浏览(书等)b  take a cursory interest in (a subject) (对某个题目)涉猎；稍加探究 6 (foll. by 后跟 into)  a intr.  put a hand, ladle, etc., into a container to take something out (用手、勺子等)舀取b tr.  put (a hand etc.) into a container to do this (为取某物)把(手等)伸入c intr.  spend from or make use of one's resources 花钱；解囊捐助  dipped into our savings  花掉了我们的积蓄 7 tr. & intr.  lower or be lowered, esp. in salute 稍微降下(尤指行屈膝礼) 8 tr. Brit.  lower the beam of (a vehicle's headlights) to reduce dazzle [英]把(汽车前灯的)远光调为近光 9 tr.  colour (a fabric) by immersing it in dye 浸染(织物) 10 tr.  wash (sheep) by immersion in a vermin-killing liquid 给(绵羊)洗药浴 11 tr.  make (a candle) by immersing a wick briefly in hot tallow (浸烛芯于融脂中)制造(蜡烛) 12 tr.  baptize by immersion 施浸礼 13 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out of)  remove or scoop up (liquid, grain, etc., or something from liquid) 舀取(液体、谷物等)；(从液体中)掏取(某物) ●n.  1  an act of dipping or being dipped 浸；蘸 2  a liquid into which something is dipped 浸液 3  a brief bathe in the sea, river, etc. (在海、河等中的)洗澡 4  a brief downward slope, followed by an upward one, in a road etc. (路面等)起伏；倾斜；斜度 5  a sauce or dressing into which food is dipped before eating 沙司，沙司调料 6  a depression in the skyline 下沉；下落 7 Astron. & Surveying  the apparent depression of the horizon from the line of observation, due to the curvature of the earth 【天】【测量学】视倾斜 8 Physics  the angle made with the horizontal at any point by the earth's magnetic field 【物理学】倾角；磁倾角 9 Geol.  the angle a stratum makes with the horizon 【地质】(地层与水平线的)倾角 10 slang  a pickpocket [俚语]扒手 11 US slang  a foolish or bumbling person [美] [俚语]蠢人，笨手笨脚的人 12  a quantity dipped up 舀出量；吸取物 13  a candle made by dipping 蜡烛 □ dip out  Austral. slang  fail; miss an opportunity [澳] [俚语]失败；错过机会 [Old English dyppan from Germanic: related to DEEP]

Dip. A.D. abbr. Brit.  Diploma in Art and Design [缩略] [英]美术与设计文凭

Dip. Ed. /dipˈed/ abbr. Brit.  Diploma in Education [缩略] [英]教育学文凭

dipeptide /daiˈpeptaid/ n. Biochem.  a peptide formed by the combination of two amino acids 【生化】二肽，缩二氨酸

Dip. H.E. abbr. Brit.  Diploma of Higher Education [缩略] [英]高等教育学文凭

diphosphate /daiˈfɒsfeit/ n. Chem.  a compound with two phosphate groups in the molecule, or a salt with two phosphate anions per cation 【化】二磷酸盐(或酯)

diphtheria /difˈθiəriə, disp. [异议] dip-/ n.  an acute infectious bacterial disease with inflammation of a mucous membrane esp. of the throat, resulting in the formation of a false membrane causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing (尤指喉头粘膜发炎的)白喉 □ diphtherial  adj.  □ diphtheric  /-ˈθerik/ adj.  □ diphtheritic  /-θəˈritik/ adj.  □ diphtheroid  /ˈdifθərɔid/ adj.   [modern Latin via French diphthérie, earlier diphthérite from Greek diphthera ‘skin, hide’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为所给的第二种发音不正确。 

diphthong /ˈdifθɒŋ/ n.  1  a speech sound in one syllable in which the articulation begins as for one vowel and moves towards another (as in 如 coin, loud, and side) 二合元音，复元音 2  a  a digraph representing the sound of a diphthong or single vowel (as in 如 feat) 二合元音字母b  a compound vowel character; a ligature (as 如 œ) 元音连字 □ diphthongal  /-ˈθɒŋɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [French diphtongue via Late Latin diphthongus from Greek diphthoggos (as DI-1, phthoggos ‘voice’)]

diphthongize /ˈdifθɒŋaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  pronounce as a diphthong (使)二合元音化；(使)复元音化 □ diphthongization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

diplo- /ˈdipləʊ/ comb. form  double [构词成分]复，双，二倍 [Greek diplous ‘double’]

diplococcus /diplə(ʊ)ˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. diplococci /-k(s)ai, -k(s)i:/) Biol.  any coccus that occurs mainly in pairs 【生】双球菌

diplodocus /diˈplɒdəkəs/ n.  a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus Diplodocus, of the Jurassic period, with a long neck and long slender tail 梁龙(侏罗纪食草动物，梁龙属，颈长，尾细长) [DIPLO- + Greek dokos ‘wooden beam’]

diploid /ˈdiplɔid/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj. (of an organism or cell) having two complete sets of chromosomes per cell (生物体或细胞)双的，重的；二倍的 ●n.  a diploid cell or organism 二倍染色体；二倍体 [German (as DIPLO-, -OID)]

diploidy /ˈdiplɔidi/ n. Biol.  the condition of being diploid 【生】二倍性

diploma /diˈpləʊmə/ n.  1  a certificate of qualification awarded by a college etc. (学院等授予的)文凭；毕业证书 2  a document conferring an honour or privilege 奖状；特许证 3  a state paper; an official document; a charter 公文；文件；执照 □ diplomaed  /-məd/ adj. (also 亦作 diploma'd)   [Latin from Greek diplōma -atos ‘folded paper’, via diploō ‘to fold’ from diplous ‘double’]

diplomacy /diˈpləʊməsi/ n.  1  a  the management of international relations 外交b  expertise in this 外交手段 2  adroitness in personal relations; tact 交际手段；策略 [French diplomatie, from diplomatique DIPLOMATIC, on the pattern of aristocratiē ‘aristocracy’]

diplomat /ˈdipləmæt/ n.  1  an official representing a country abroad; a member of a diplomatic service 外交官；外交人员 2  a tactful person 机智圆滑的人 [French diplomate, back-formation from diplomatique: see DIPLOMATIC]

diplomate /ˈdipləmeit/ n. esp. US  a person who holds a diploma, esp. in medicine [尤美]毕业文凭(或执照)持有者(尤指持有医师资格证书的人)

diplomatic /dipləˈmætik/ adj.  1  a  of or involved in diplomacy 外交的；从事外交的b  skilled in diplomacy 擅长外交的 2  tactful; adroit in personal relations 机敏的；(人际关系中)八面玲珑的 3 (of an edition etc.) exactly reproducing the original (版本等)仿真本的；不改真本原样的 □ diplomatically  adv.   [modern Latin diplomaticus and French diplomatique from Latin DIPLOMA]

diplomatic bag n. Brit.  a container in which official mail etc. is dispatched to or from an embassy, not usu. subject to customs inspection [英]外交邮袋(或信袋等) (通常不受海关检查)

diplomatic corps n.  the body of diplomats representing other countries at a seat of government 外交使团

diplomatic immunity n.  the exemption of diplomatic staff abroad from arrest, taxation, etc. (免于逮捕、税收等的)外交豁免权

diplomatic pouch n. US [美]  = DIPLOMATIC BAG 

diplomatic service n. Brit.  the branch of public service concerned with the representation of a country abroad [英]外交部门

diplomatist /diˈpləʊmətist/ n.  = DIPLOMAT 

diplont /ˈdiplɒnt/ n. Biol.  an animal or plant which has a diploid number of chromosomes in its cells (other than gametes) 【生】二倍性生物；二倍体 [DIPLO- + Greek ont-, stem of ōn ‘being’]

diplopia /diˈpləʊpiə/ n. Med.  double vision 【医】复视

diplotene /ˈdiplə(ʊ)ti:n/ n. Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis where paired chromosomes begin to separate 【生】双线期 [DIPLO- + Greek tainia ‘band’]

dipolar /daiˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having two poles, as in a magnet 偶极的；两极(性)的

dipole /ˈdaipəʊl/ n.  1 Physics  two equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance 【物理学】偶极子 2 Chem.  a molecule in which a concentration of positive charges is separated from a concentration of negative charges 【化】偶极 3  an aerial consisting of a horizontal metal rod with a connecting wire at its centre 偶极天线

dipole moment n. Physics  the product of the separation of the charges etc. of a dipole and their magnitudes 【物理学】(电荷等分离的)偶极矩；磁偶极矩

dipper /ˈdipə/ n.  1  a diving bird, Cinclus cinclus also called 亦称作 water ouzel 河乌 2  a ladle 长柄勺 3 Brit. colloq.  an Anabaptist or Baptist [英口]再洗礼派教徒；浸礼会教友

dippy /ˈdipi/ adj. (dippier, dippiest) slang  crazy, silly [俚语]疯狂的；傻的 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

dipshit /ˈdipʃit/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a contemptible or inept person [尤北美] [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜；庸人 [perhaps from DIPPY + SHIT]

dipso /ˈdipsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a dipsomaniac [口]酒鬼 [abbreviation]

dipsomania /dipsə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an abnormal craving for alcohol 耽酒症；饮酒狂 □ dipsomaniac  /-ˈmeiniæk/ n.   [Greek dipso- from dipsa ‘thirst’ + -MANIA]

dipstick /ˈdipstik/ n.  1  a graduated rod for measuring the depth of a liquid, esp. in a vehicle's engine (尤指测量车辆引擎中油量深度的)浸量尺 2 slang  a foolish or inept person; an idiot [俚语]笨蛋；庸人；傻瓜

DIP switch n.  an arrangement of switches on an electronic device for selecting an operating mode (cf. 参见 DIP) 双列直插式开关

dip switch n. Brit.  a switch for dipping a vehicle's headlight beams [英] (车辆)大灯变光开关

dipteral /ˈdipt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. Archit.  having a double peristyle 【建】四周双列柱廊式的 [Latin dipteros from Greek (as DI-1, pteron ‘wing’)]

dipteran /ˈdipt(ə)r(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a dipterous insect 双翅目昆虫 ●adj.  = DIPTEROUS 1  [modern Latin diptera from Greek diptera, neut. pl. of dipterous ‘two-winged’ (as DI-1, pteron ‘wing’)]

dipterous /ˈdipt(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the insect order Diptera, whose members (the ‘true’ flies) have two membranous wings, the hindwings being reduced to halteres or balancing organs, e.g. houseflies, mosquitoes, etc. 属双翅目的；双翅类的(如家蝇、蚊子等) 2 Bot.  having two winglike appendages 【植】(附属物)似双翅的 [modern Latin dipterus from Greek dipteros: see DIPTERAN]

diptych /ˈdiptik/ n.  1  a painting, esp. an altarpiece, on two hinged usu. wooden panels which may be closed like a book (尤指圣坛背壁通常木板式)可折闭的双连画 2  an ancient writing-tablet consisting of two hinged leaves with waxed inner sides (古代)可折闭的双连书写板 [Late Latin diptycha from Greek diptukha (as DI-1, ptukhē ‘fold’)]

dire /ˈdaiə/ adj.  1  a  calamitous, dreadful 多灾难的；可怕的  in dire straits  灾难事故多发的海峡b  ominous 恶兆的；不祥的  dire warnings  不祥的警报c (作 predic.) Brit. colloq.  very bad [英口]十分不好的 2  urgent 紧急的，急迫的  in dire need  迫切需要 □ direly  adv.  □ direness  n.   [Latin dirus]

direct /diˈrekt, dai-/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  extending or moving in a straight line or by the shortest route; not crooked or circuitous 笔直的，径直的；最近的 2  a  straightforward; going straight to the point 直截了当的；中肯的，切题的b  frank; not ambiguous 率直的，坦率的 3  without intermediaries or the intervention of other factors 直接的  direct rule  直接统治 the direct result  直接后果 made a direct approach  直接接触 4 (of descent) lineal, not collateral (血统)直系的 5  exact, complete, greatest possible (esp. where contrast is implied) (尤指在一种隐含的对比中)正好的；截然的  the direct opposite  截然相反 6 Astron. (of planetary etc. motion) proceeding from west to east; not retrograde 【天】(行星等运动)顺行的 ●adv.  1  without an intermediary or intervening factor 直接地  dealt with them direct  直接和他们打交道 2  by a direct route 径直地  send it direct to London  直送伦敦 ●v. tr.  1  control, guide; govern the movements of 管理；指导；监督 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  give a formal order or command to 指示，命令 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  address or give indications for the delivery of (a letter etc.) 在(信封等)上书写姓名地址b  tell or show (a person) the way to a destination 给(某人)指路 4 (foll. by 后跟 at, to, towards)  a  point, aim, or cause (a blow or missile) to move in a certain direction 把(打击或导弹)对准某一目标；使朝某一方向转动b  point or address (one's attention, a remark, etc.) (某人的注意力、评论等)针对；对准；指向 5  guide as an adviser, as a principle, etc. (作为顾问、作为原则等)指导；引导  I do as duty directs me  职责使我这样做 6  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  supervise the performing, staging, etc., of (a film, play, etc.) (电影、戏剧等的)导演(表演、演剧技巧等)b  supervise the performance of (an actor etc.) (对演员等)导演指示 7 (also absol. [亦含宾])  guide the performance of (a group of musicians), esp. as a participant 指挥(乐团) (尤指作为一名参与者) □ directness  n.   [Middle English from Latin directus, past part. of dirigere direct- (as DI-2, regere ‘put straight’)]

direct access n.  the facility of retrieving data immediately from any part of a computer file 直接存储；随机存取

direct action n.  action such as a strike or sabotage directly affecting the public and meant to reinforce demands on a government, employer, etc. (向政府、资方等的)直接行动

direct address n. Computing  an address (see 见 ADDRESS n. 1c) which specifies the location of data to be used in an operation 【计算】直接地(位)址(操作时数据储存地址)

direct current n.  an electric current flowing in one direction only (abbr. 缩略 : DC, dc) 直流电

direct debit n. Brit.  an arrangement for the prompt and regular debiting of a bank account at the request of the payee [英]直接借记

direct dialling n.  the facility of dialling a telephone number without making use of the operator 直拨，直接拨号 □ direct dial  attrib. adj.  

direct-grant school n. hist. (in the UK) a school receiving funds from the Government and not from a local authority [史义] (英国)由政府直接拨款的学校

direction /diˈrekʃ(ə)n, dai-/ n.  1  the act or process of directing; supervision 指挥；指导；监督；管理 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an order or instruction, esp. each of a set guiding use of equipment etc. 命令，指示； (尤指指导器具使用的)用法说明 3  a  the course or line along which a person or thing moves or looks, or which must be taken to reach a destination 方向；方针b (in pl. 用复数)  guidance on how to reach a destination (行路的)指引c  the point to or from which a person or thing moves or looks 方位；方向 4  the tendency or scope of a theme, subject, or inquiry (题目、学科探访的)趋势，领域 □ directionless  adj.   [Middle English from French direction or Latin directio (as DIRECT)]

directional /diˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, dai-/ adj.  1  of or indicating direction (表示)方向的 2 Electronics 【电子学】  a  concerned with the transmission of radio or sound waves in a particular direction 指向的b (of equipment) designed to receive radio or sound waves most effectively from a particular direction or directions and not others (设备)定向的 □ directionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ directionally  adv.  

direction-finder n.  a device for determining the source of radio waves, esp. as an aid in navigation (无线电)探向器(尤指作为航海的辅助手段)

directive /diˈrektiv, dai-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a general instruction from one in authority 指示；命令 ●adj.  serving to direct 指示的；指导的 [Middle English from medieval Latin directivus (as DIRECT)]

directly /diˈrektli, dai-/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  1  a  at once; without delay 马上；直接地；立即b  presently, shortly 当即，立刻 2  exactly, immediately 正好；紧接(地)  directly opposite  正好相反 directly after lunch  就在中饭后 3  in a direct manner 率直地，坦率地 ●conj. Brit. colloq.  as soon as [英口]一…就  will tell you directly they come  他们一到就立即告诉你

direct mail n.  advertising sent unsolicited through the post to prospective customers 直接邮寄广告；直接邮件 □ direct mailing  n.  

direct method n.  a system of teaching a foreign language using only that language and without the study of formal grammar (外语教学中不学习常规语法的)直接教学法

direct object n.  the primary object of the action of a transitive verb 直接宾语

Directoire /diˈrektwɑ:/ adj. Needlework & Art  in imitation of styles prevalent during the French Directory 【刺绣】【艺术】法国督政府时期风格的；华丽的 [French (as DIRECTORY)]

Directoire drawers n. pl. (also 亦作 Directoire knickers) Brit.  knickers which are straight, full, and knee-length [英] (长及膝盖的)短衬裤

director /diˈrektə, dai-/ n.  1  a person who directs or controls something 主任，主管 2  a member of the managing board of a commercial company 董事，理事 3  a person who directs a film etc., esp. professionally (尤指专业的电影等)导演 4  a spiritual adviser 神父 5  = MUSICAL DIRECTOR  □ directorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ directorship  n. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)   [Anglo-French directour from Late Latin director ‘governor’ (as DIRECT)]

directorate /diˈrekt(ə)rət, dai-/ n.  1  a board of directors 董事会，理事会 2  the office of director 主管(或董事、导演等)的职位

director-general n. (pl. director-generals) esp. Brit.  the chief executive of a large (esp. public) organization [尤英] (尤指政府机构的)总裁；局长；总督

director of public prosecutions n. Brit. [英]  = PUBLIC PROSECUTOR 

directory /diˈrekt(ə)ri, dai-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a book listing alphabetically or thematically a particular group of individuals (e.g. telephone subscribers) or organizations with various details 姓名地址录(如电话用户) 2  a computer file listing other files or programs etc. 计算机文件(程序等)目录 3 (作 Directory) hist.  the revolutionary executive of five persons in power in France 1795 － 99 [史义] (法国 1795 至 1799 年间 5 人的)督政府 4  a book of rules, esp. for the order of private or public worship (尤指私人或公众崇拜的)规则书；礼拜程序大全 [Late Latin directorium (as DIRECT)]

directory enquiries n. pl. (N. Amer. [北美] directory assistance)  a telephone service providing a subscriber's number on request 电话查号台，电话查询服务

direct proportion n.  a relation between quantities whose ratio is constant 正比(例)

directress /diˈrektris, dai-/ n. (also 亦作 directrice)  a woman director 女主管；女署长；女经理；女导演 [DIRECTOR, French directrice (as DIRECTRIX)]

directrix /diˈrektriks, dai-/ n. (pl. directrices /-trisi:z/) Geom.  a fixed line used in describing a curve or surface 【几】准线 [medieval Latin from Late Latin director: see DIRECTOR, -TRIX]

direct speech n.  words actually spoken, not reported in the third person (opp. 反义 REPORTED SPEECH) 直接引语

direct tax n.  a tax levied on the person who ultimately bears the burden of it, esp. on income (尤指收入的)直接税

direful /ˈdaiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. literary  terrible, dreadful [文学用语]可怕的；悲惨的 □ direfully  adv.   [DIRE + -FUL]

dirge /dɜ:dʒ/ n.  1  a lament for the dead, esp. forming part of a funeral service (尤指丧葬仪式中的)挽歌，哀乐 2  any mournful song or lament 悲哀的歌；哀悼 □ dirgeful  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dirige (imperative) ‘direct’, the first word of an antiphon (Psalm 5:8) used in the Latin Office for the Dead]

dirham /ˈdiərhəm/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates 迪拉姆(摩洛哥、阿联酋的货币单位) [Arabic, from Latin DRACHMA]

dirigible /ˈdiridʒib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  capable of being guided 可驾驶的；可操纵的 ●n.  a dirigible balloon or airship 可驾驶的气球(或飞艇) [Latin dirigere ‘arrange, direct’: see DIRECT]

dirigisme /ˈdiriʒiz(ə)m/ n.  state control of economic and social matters (国家对经济和社会事务的)干预；统制 □ dirigiste  adj.   [French from diriger DIRECT]

diriment /ˈdirim(ə)nt/ adj. Law  nullifying 【法律】使无效的 [Latin dirimere, from dir- = DIS- + emere ‘take’]

diriment impediment n.  a factor (e.g. the existence of a prior marriage) rendering a marriage null and void from the beginning 结婚障碍(如已婚等)

Dirk /dɜ:k/   德克 [人名]

dirk /dɜ:k/ n.  a short dagger, esp. as formerly worn by Scottish Highlanders (尤指旧时苏格兰高地人佩带的)匕首；短剑 [16th-c. durk, of unknown origin]

dirndl /ˈdɜ:nd(ə)l/ n.  1  a woman's dress styled in imitation of Alpine peasant costume, with close-fitting bodice, tight waistband, and full skirt 阿尔卑斯村姑装(紧身胸衣、束腰和宽松的百褶裙) 2 (in full 全称 dirndl skirt)  a full skirt of this kind 阿尔卑斯村姑裙，紧身连衣裙 [German dialect, diminutive of Dirne ‘girl’]

dirt /dɜ:t/ n.  1  unclean matter that soils 污物；灰尘；尘埃 2  a  earth, soil 泥土；土壤b  earth, cinders, etc., used to make a surface for a road etc. (用于筑路等的)沙土；渣土 usu. 通常作 attrib.: dirt track  煤渣跑道 3  foul or malicious words or talk 下流话；恶言 4  excrement 排泄物；大便 5  a dirty condition 肮脏(状态) 6  a person or thing considered worthless 可鄙的人；毫无用处的东西 □ do a person dirt  slang  harm or injure a person's reputation maliciously [俚语]恶意中伤某人；卑鄙地伤害某人□ eat dirt   1  suffer insults etc. without retaliating 含垢忍辱；忍气吞声 2 US  make a humiliating confession [美]低头屈服(或认输)□ treat like dirt   treat (a person) contemptuously; abuse 视某人如草芥；瞧不起某人 [Middle English from Old Norse drit ‘excrement’]

dirt bike n.  a motorcycle designed for use on unmade roads and tracks, esp. in scrambling (适于在未铺筑的路面上行驶的)泥土路(尤指摩托车越野赛的)摩托车

dirt cheap adj. & adv. colloq.  extremely cheap [口]贱如粪土的(地), 极便宜的(地)

dirt track n.  a course made of rolled cinders, soil, etc., for motorcycle racing or flat racing (以碎渣、泥土等铺成的)煤渣跑道 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : dirt-track race  砟道赛跑 □ dirt-tracker  n.  

dirty /ˈdɜ:ti/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (dirtier, dirtiest)  1  soiled, unclean 肮脏的；污秽的；龌龊的 2  causing one to become dirty 使脏的；污染的  a dirty job  脏活 3  sordid, lewd; morally illicit or questionable 下贱的，下流的；色情的  dirty joke  黄段子 4  unpleasant, nasty 令人憎恨的；卑劣的 5  dishonest, dishonourable, unfair 不诚实的；不道德的；不公平的  dirty play  不讲体育道德的比赛 6 (of weather) rough, squally (天气)狂风暴雨的；起风暴的 7 (of a colour) not pure or clear, dingy (颜色)不鲜明的；暗淡的；泛黄的 8 colloq. (of a nuclear weapon) producing considerable radioactive fallout [口] (核武器)产生大量放射性坠尘的 ●adv. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. (with adjectives expressing magnitude) very [英] (和形容词一道表示程度)很；非常  a dirty great diamond  一枚非常大的钻石 2  dirtily; unfairly 肮脏地；下流地；卑鄙地  play dirty  使用下流手段 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become dirty 弄脏；使污染 □ the dirty end of the stick  esp. Brit. colloq.  the difficult or unpleasant part of an undertaking, situation, etc. [尤英口]企业(或形势等)的艰难(或不合意)□ do the dirty on  Brit. colloq.  play a mean trick on [英口]对…使用下流手段□ dirtily  adv.  □ dirtiness  n.  

dirty dog n. colloq.  a scoundrel; a despicable person [口]坏蛋，恶棍；卑鄙家伙，下流痞子

dirty linen n. colloq.  intimate secrets, esp. of a scandalous nature [口] (尤指带下流性质的)隐私

dirty look n. colloq.  a look of disapproval, anger, or disgust [口]非难的神色；厌恶的表情

dirty money n.  1  money obtained unlawfully or immorally 非法钱财，黑钱 2 Brit.  extra money paid to those who handle dirty materials [英] (处理肮脏物品而发给的)污损补贴金；污物处理补贴金

dirty old man n. colloq.  a lecherous man [口]老色鬼；老淫棍

dirty trick n.  1  a dishonourable and deceitful act 不诚实的行为；卑鄙手段 2 (in pl. 用复数)  underhand political activity, esp. to discredit an opponent (尤指使对手丢脸的)不正当的政治伎俩

dirty weekend n. Brit. colloq.  a weekend spent clandestinely with a lover [英口]和情人私混的周末

dirty word n.  1  an offensive or indecent word 粗鄙字眼，淫秽字眼；脏话 2  a word for something which is disapproved of 忌讳字眼  profit is a dirty word  赚钱是个忌讳字眼

dirty work n.  dishonourable or illegal activity, esp. done clandestinely (尤指暗地里操作的)卑鄙勾当；非法行为

dis /dis/ v. & n. (also 亦作 diss) US slang [美] [俚语] ●v. tr. (dissed, dissing)  put a person down; bad-mouth 贬低；恶意攻击 ●n.  disrespect 不敬；失礼 [abbreviation of DISRESPECT]

dis- /dis/ prefix forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs 构成名词、形容词和动词 :  1  expressing negation (dishonest 不诚实) 表示否定 2  indicating reversal or absence of an action or state (disengage 解脱 ; disbelieve 不信) 表示“颠倒”，“不”，“非”，“相反” 3  indicating removal of a thing or quality (dismember 支解 ; disable 使丧失能力) 表示“除去”，“剥夺” 4  indicating separation (distinguish 区别 ; disperse 驱散) 表示“分离” 5  indicating completeness or intensification of the action (disembowel 取出肠子 ; disgruntled 不满的；不高兴的) 表示“完全”，“强调” 6  indicating expulsion from (disbar 取消律师资格) 表示“驱逐” [Latin dis-, sometimes via Old French des-]

disability /disəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a physical incapacity, either congenital or caused by injury, disease, etc., esp. when limiting a person's ability to work (先天或后天因伤残、疾病等导致尤指身体上的)残疾；伤残 2  a lack of some asset, quality, or attribute, that prevents a person from doing something (因失去资产、质量、特性而)使失去工作能力；无力 3  a legal disqualification 无法定能力；无资格

disable /disˈeib(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  render unable to function 使丧失能力 2 (often as 常作 disabled adj.)  deprive of physical or mental ability, esp. through injury or disease (尤指因伤残、疾病而)有残疾的；丧失能力的 □ disablement  n.  

disablist /disˈeiblist/ adj.  discriminating or prejudiced against disabled people 歧视残疾人的；对残疾人有偏见的

disabuse /disəˈbju:z/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  free from a mistaken idea 解惑；释疑 2  disillusion, undeceive 使醒悟；点破

disaccharide /daiˈsækəraid/ n. Chem.  a sugar whose molecule contains two linked monosaccharides 【化】二糖，双糖

disaccord /disəˈkɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  disagreement, disharmony 不同意；不一致；不和 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  disagree; be at odds 不同意，与…相争 [Middle English from French désaccorder (as ACCORD)]

disadvantage /disədˈvɑ:ntidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unfavourable circumstance or condition 不利；不利条件 2  damage to one's interest or reputation (对某人利益或名誉的)损害 ●v. tr.  cause disadvantage to 使处于不利地位；损害；危害 □ at a disadvantage   in an unfavourable position or aspect 处于不利地位 [Middle English from (Old) French désavantage: see 见 ADVANTAGE]

disadvantaged /disədˈvɑ:ntidʒd/ adj.  placed in unfavourable circumstances (esp. of a person lacking the normal social opportunities) (尤指某人缺少正常的社会机遇)处于不利地位的

disadvantageous /ˌdisædv(ə)nˈteidʒəs/ adj.  1  involving disadvantage 不利的 2  derogatory; discreditable 贬损的；丢脸的 □ disadvantageously  adv.  

disaffected /disəˈfektid/ adj.  1  disloyal, esp. to one's superiors (尤指对上级)不忠的 2  estranged; no longer friendly; discontented 疏远的；不和的；不满的 □ disaffectedly  adv.   [past part. of disaffect, originally = dislike, disorder (as DIS-, AFFECT2)]

disaffection /disəˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disloyalty 不忠 2  political discontent (政治上)不满

disaffiliate /disəˈfiliˌeit/ v.  1 tr.  end the affiliation of 使脱离；使退出 2 intr.  end one's affiliation 与…结束往来 3 tr. & intr.  detach 分开；分离 □ disaffiliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disaffirm /disəˈfɜ:m/ v. tr. Law 【法律】  1  reverse (a previous decision) 废弃；撤消(早先的决定) 2  repudiate (a settlement) 拒绝(调停) □ disaffirmation  /disˌæfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disafforest /disəˈfɒrist/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  clear of forests or trees 砍伐森林(或树木) 2  reduce from the legal status of forest to that of ordinary land 把林地开辟成(不受森林法约束的)普通地 □ disafforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Anglo-Latin disafforestare (as DIS-, AFFOREST)]

disaggregate /disˈæɡriɡeit/ v. tr.  separate into component parts; cease to treat as aggregated 使崩溃；分解 □ disaggregation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disagree /disəˈɡri:/ v. intr. (disagrees, disagreed, disagreeing) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  hold a different opinion 意见不合；不同意 2  quarrel 争吵 3 (of factors or circumstances) not correspond (要素、详情)不符合 4  have an adverse effect upon (a person's health, digestion, etc.) (对人的健康、消化等)不适宜；有害 □ disagreement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desagreer (as DIS-, AGREE)]

disagreeable /disəˈɡri:əb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unpleasant, not to one's liking 令人不愉快的；不合意的 2  quarrelsome; rude or bad-tempered 爱争吵的；粗鲁的；脾气坏的 □ disagreeableness  n.  □ disagreeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desagreable (as DIS-, AGREEABLE)]

disallow /disəˈlaʊ/ v. tr.  refuse to allow or accept as valid; prohibit 不许；不准；阻止 □ disallowance  n.   [Middle English from Old French desalouer (as DIS-, ALLOW)]

disambiguate /disæmˈbiɡjʊeit/ v. tr.  remove ambiguity from 消除…的歧义 □ disambiguation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disamenity /disəˈmi:niti, -ˈmeniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  an unpleasant feature (of a place etc.); a disadvantage (地方等的)不舒适，不便

disappear /disəˈpiə/ v. intr.  1  cease to be visible; pass from sight 消失；不见 2  cease to exist or be in circulation or use 不复存在；绝迹  trams had all but disappeared  有轨电车已几乎绝迹 3 (of a person or thing) go missing (人或事物)失踪 □ disappearance  n.  

disappearing act n.  an instance of vanishing as if by magic, esp. to avoid unpleasantness (尤指为避免不愉快之事而)神奇消失

disappoint /disəˈpɔint/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  fail to fulfil a desire or expectation of (a person) 使(人)失望 2  frustrate (hopes etc.); cause the failure of (a plan etc.) 使(希望等)受挫折；使(计划等)落空 □ be disappointed  (foll. by 后跟 with, at, in, or to + infin., or that + clause)  fail to have one's expectation etc. fulfilled in some regard 对…失望； (辜负…的期望等)  was disappointed with you  对你感到失望 disappointed at the result  对结果感到失望 am disappointed to be last  得了最后一名，深感失望□ disappointedly  adv.  □ disappointing  adj.  □ disappointingly  adv.   [Middle English from French désappointer (as DIS-, APPOINT)]

disappointment /disəˈpɔintm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an event, thing, or person that disappoints 失望的事(物或人) 2  a feeling of distress, vexation, etc., resulting from this (因痛苦、烦恼等)失望，沮丧；扫兴  I cannot hide my disappointment  我无法掩饰我的失望之情

disapprobation /disˌæprəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  strong (esp. moral) disapproval (尤指对道德品行的)非难；不答应

disapprove /disəˈpru:v/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  have or express an unfavourable opinion 不赞成；不同意 2 tr.  be displeased with 不满 □ disapproval  n.  □ disapprover  n.  □ disapproving  adj.  □ disapprovingly  adv.  

disarm /disˈɑ:m/ v.  1 tr.  a  take weapons away from (a person, state, etc.) 缴械；解除某人(或某国)的武装 often foll. by 常后跟 of: were disarmed of their rifles  他们的枪被缴械了b Fencing etc. 【击剑】  deprive of a weapon 打落对方的武器 2 tr.  deprive (a ship etc.) of its means of defence 解除(舰只等的)防备手段 3 intr. (of a state etc.) disband or reduce its armed forces (国家等)裁减(或减少)武装力量 4 tr.  remove the fuse from (a bomb etc.) 取出(炸弹等)的引信 5 tr.  deprive of the power to injure 消除…的杀伤力 6 tr.  pacify or allay the hostility or suspicions of; mollify; placate 缓和敌意；冰释疑虑；消除 □ disarmer  n.  □ disarming  adj. (esp. in sense 6 尤用于释义 6)  □ disarmingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desarmer (as DIS-, ARM2)]

disarmament /disˈɑ:məm(ə)nt/ n.  the reduction by a state of its military forces and weapons 裁军，裁减军备

disarrange /disəˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  bring into disorder 使紊乱，弄乱 □ disarrangement  n.  

disarray /disəˈrei/ n. & v. ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 in, into)  disorder, confusion (esp. among people) (尤指人群中的)骚乱，混乱 ●v. tr.  throw into disorder 弄乱，搅乱

disarticulate /disɑ:ˈtikjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  separate at the joints (使)关节断离 □ disarticulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disassemble /disəˈsemb(ə)l/ v. tr.  take (a machine etc.) to pieces 拆卸，拆开(机器等) □ disassembly  n.  

disassembler /disəˈsemblə/ n. Computing  a program for converting machine code into assembly language 【计算】反汇编程序

disassociate /disəˈsəʊʃieit, -si-/ v. tr. & intr.  = DISSOCIATE  □ disassociation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disaster /diˈzɑ:stə/ n.  1  a great or sudden misfortune 大祸；灾难 2  a  a complete failure 彻底失败b  a person or enterprise ending in failure 以失败告终的人(或事业) □ disastrous  adj.  □ disastrously  adv.   [originally ‘unfavourable aspect of a star’: from French désastre or Italian disastro (as DIS-, astro from Latin astrum ‘star’)]

disavow /disəˈvaʊ/ v. tr.  disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or belief in 不承认；否认；抵赖 □ disavowal  n.   [Middle English from Old French desavouer (as DIS-, AVOW)]

disband /disˈbænd/ v.  1 intr. (of an organized group etc.) cease to work or act together; disperse (有组织的团体等)遭解散(或遣散) 2 tr.  cause (such a group) to disband 使(有组织的团体等)解散 □ disbandment  n.   [obsolete French desbander (as DIS-, BAND2)]

disbar /disˈbɑ:/ v. tr. (disbarred, disbarring)  deprive (a barrister) of the right to practise; expel from the Bar 吊消(律师的)律师资格；取消律师出庭的权利 □ disbarment  n.  

disbelieve /disbiˈli:v/ v.  1 tr.  be unable or unwilling to believe (a person or statement) 不信；怀疑(某人或陈述) 2 intr.  have no faith 不信；怀疑 □ disbelief  n.  □ disbeliever  n.  □ disbelievingly  adv.  

disbenefit /disˈbenifit/ n. Brit.  a drawback; an undesirable feature or consequence [英]不利；无益

disbound /disˈbaʊnd/ adj. (of a pamphlet etc.) removed from a bound volume (小册子等)装订损坏的

disbud /disˈbʌd/ v. tr. (disbudded, disbudding)  remove (esp. superfluous) buds from 摘去(尤指多余的)花蕾

disburden /disˈbɜ:d(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  relieve (a person, one's mind, etc.) of a burden 给(某人、某人思想等)消除负担 often foll. by 常后跟 of: was disburdened of all worries  消除各种烦恼 2  get rid of, discharge (a duty, anxiety, etc.) 摆脱；卸下(责任、忧虑等)

disburse /disˈbɜ:s/ v.  1 tr.  expend (money) 花(钱), 用(钱) 2 tr.  defray (a cost) 支付(费用) 3 intr.  pay money 付钱 □ disbursal  n.  □ disbursement  n.  □ disburser  n.   [Old French desbourser (as DIS-, BOURSE)]

disc /disk/ n. (also 亦作 disk esp. US [尤美] and in sense 4a 用于释义 4a)  1  a  a flat thin circular object 平圆盘b  a round flat or apparently flat surface 平圆形表面  the sun's disc  日面c  a mark of this shape 平圆形标记，圆平面记号 2  a  a layer of cartilage between vertebrae 椎间盘(脊椎间的软骨层)b  the close-packed cluster of tubular florets in the centre of a composite flower (菊花的)花盘 3  a gramophone record 留声机唱片 4  a (usu. 通常作 disk; in full 全称 magnetic disk)  a computer storage device consisting of a rotatable disc or discs with a magnetic coating (计算机用于储存资料的)磁盘b (in full 全称 optical disc)  a smooth non-magnetic disc with large storage capacity for data recorded and read by laser, esp. a CD-ROM 光盘(尤指只读光盘存储器) 5 Brit.  a device with a pointer or rotating disc indicating time of arrival or latest permitted time of departure, for display in a parked motor vehicle [英] (显示汽车停车时间的)圆盘形停车计时器 □ diskless  adj. Computing 【计算】   [French disque or Latin discus: see DISCUS]

discalced /disˈkælst/ adj. (of a friar or a nun) barefoot or wearing only sandals (修士或修女)赤脚的；仅穿拖鞋的 [variant of discalceated (influenced by French déchaux) from Latin discalceatus (as DIS-, calceatus from calceus ‘shoe’)]

discard v. & n. ●v. tr. /diˈskɑ:d/  1  reject or get rid of as unwanted or superfluous 丢弃；抛弃 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cards  remove or put aside (a card) from one's hand 【牌戏】垫出(牌) ●n. /ˈdiskɑ:d/  a discarded item, esp. a card in a card game 垫出物(尤指垫出的牌) □ discardable  /-ˈkɑ:dəb(ə)l/ adj.   [DIS- + CARD1]

discarnate /disˈkɑ:nət/ adj.  having no physical body; separated from the flesh 不具形骸的，无形的；脱离肉体的 [DIS-, Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’]

disc brake n.  a brake employing the friction of pads against a disc 盘式制动闸

discern /diˈsɜ:n/ v. tr.  1  perceive clearly with the mind or the senses 辨认出，觉察 2  make out by thought or by gazing, listening, etc. (通过思考、观察、听等)辨明，识别，了解 □ discerner  n.  □ discernible  adj.  □ discernibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French discerner from Latin (as DIS-, cernere cret- ‘separate’)]

discerning /diˈsɜ:niŋ/ adj.  having or showing good judgement or insight 有辨认能力的，有识别力的；有眼力的 □ discerningly  adv.  

discernment /diˈsɜ:nm(ə)nt/ n.  good judgement or insight 识别力；眼力；洞察力

discerptible /diˈsɜ:ptib(ə)l/ adj. literary  able to be plucked apart; divisible [文学用语]可拆开的；可分开的 □ discerptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin discerpere discerpt- (as DIS-, carpere ‘pluck’)]

discerption /diˈsɜ:pʃ(ə)n/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a  pulling apart; severance 分开，分裂b  an instance of this 分开 2  a severed piece 分离部分；断片 [Late Latin discerptio (as DISCERPTIBLE)]

discharge v. & n. ●v. /disˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1 tr.  a  let go, release, esp. from a duty, commitment, or period of confinement 允许离开；(尤指职责、保证的)免除； (在关押期间)释放b  relieve (a bankrupt) of residual liability 解除(破产人的)剩余债务 2 tr.  dismiss from office, employment, army commission, etc. 免职；解雇；退伍(开除等) 3 tr.  a  fire (a gun etc.) 击发(枪、炮等)b (of a gun etc.) fire (a bullet etc.) (枪、炮等)发射(枪弹等) 4  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  pour out or cause to pour out (pus, liquid, etc.) 排出(脓、液体等)；使(脓、液体等)流出  the wound was discharging  伤口在流脓b tr.  utter (abuse etc.) 口出(恶言等)c intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) (of a river etc.) flow into (esp. the sea) (河流等)流入，注入(尤指大海) 5 tr.  a  carry out, perform (a duty or obligation) 完成，履行(职责或责任)b  relieve oneself of (a financial commitment) 清偿(债务)  discharged his debt  偿还他的债务 6 tr. Law  cancel (an order of court) 【法律】撤销(法院命令) 7 tr. Physics  release an electrical charge from 【物理学】使…放电 8 tr.  a  relieve (a ship etc.) of its cargo 卸下(船等上)的货物b  unload (a cargo) from a ship 从船上卸(货物) ●n. /ˈdistʃɑ:dʒ, disˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1  the act or an instance of discharging; the process of being discharged 卸下；起货，卸货 2  a dismissal, esp. from the armed services 解职，解雇(尤指退伍) 3  a  a release, exemption, acquittal, etc. 释放；免除；宣判无罪(无罪开释等)b  a written certificate of release etc. (释放等)证明书 4  an act of firing a gun etc. (枪、炮等的)发射 5  a  an emission (of pus, liquid, etc.) (脓、液体等的)流出，排出b  the liquid or matter so discharged 流出物；排泄物 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  the payment (of a debt) (债务的)偿还b  the performance (of a duty etc.) (职责等的)履行 7 Physics 【物理学】  a  the release of a quantity of electric charge from an object 放电b  a flow of electricity through the air or other gas, esp. when accompanied by the emission of light (尤指发出火花的)放电c  the conversion of chemical energy in a cell into electrical energy 细胞中化学能转化成电能 8  the unloading (of a ship or a cargo) (船的)卸货；(货物的)卸下 □ dischargeable  adj.  □ discharger  n. (in sense 7 of v. 用于动词释义 7)   [Middle English from Old French descharger (as DIS-, CHARGE)]

disc harrow n.  a harrow with cutting edges consisting of a row of concave discs set at an oblique angle 圆盘耙

disciple /diˈsaip(ə)l/ n.  1  a follower or pupil of a leader, teacher, philosophy, etc. (领袖、导师、哲学思想等的)信徒；门徒；弟子  a disciple of Zen Buddhism  禅宗佛教徒 2  a  a personal follower of Christ, esp. one of the twelve Apostles 耶稣的门徒(尤指耶稣的十二门徒之一)b  any early believer in Christ 耶稣的早期信奉者 □ discipleship  n.  □ discipular  /diˈsipjʊlə/ adj.   [Old English discipul from Latin discipulus, from discere ‘learn’]

disciplinarian /ˌdisipliˈnɛəriən/ n.  a person who upholds or practises firm discipline 严格纪律的信奉者；执行纪律者  a strict disciplinarian  严格执行纪律者

disciplinary /ˈdisiplin(ə)ri, disiˈplin-/ adj.  of, promoting, or enforcing discipline 纪律的；增进纪律的；执行纪律的 [medieval Latin disciplinarius (as DISCIPLINE)]

discipline /ˈdisiplin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  control or order exercised over people or animals, esp. children, prisoners, military personnel, church members, etc. (尤指对儿童、囚犯、军人、教徒等实行的)纪律； b  the system of rules used to maintain this control 规章制度；纪律c  the behaviour of groups subjected to such rules 风纪；行为准则  poor discipline in the ranks  军队中的不守纪行为 2  a  mental, moral, or physical training (思想、道德或身体的)训练；修养b  adversity as used to bring about such training 磨难，磨炼  left the course because he couldn't take the discipline  因不能忍受这种训练他离开了跑道 3  a branch of instruction or learning 学科  philosophy is a hard discipline  哲学是一门很深奥的学科 4  punishment 惩戒 5 Eccl.  mortification by physical self-punishment, esp. scourging 【教会】(尤指通过苦难)苦行修炼 ●v. tr.  1  punish, chastise 惩罚；责罚 2  bring under control by training in obedience; drill 训导；控制；训练 □ disciplinable  adj.  □ disciplinal  /disiˈplain(ə)l, ˈdisiplin(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French discipliner or Late Latin & medieval Latin disciplinare (v.), disciplina (n.), from discipulus DISCIPLE]

disc jockey n.  the presenter of a selection of usu. recorded popular music, esp. in a broadcast (通常尤指电台流行音乐唱片节目的)播音员

disclaim /disˈkleim/ v. tr.  1  deny or disown 否认；放弃  disclaim all responsibility  否认全部责任 2 (often absol. [常含宾]) Law  renounce a legal claim to (property etc.) 【法律】放弃(对财产等的)权利 [Middle English from Anglo-French desclaim-, stressed stem of desclamer (as DIS-, CLAIM)]

disclaimer /disˈkleimə/ n.  1  a renunciation or disavowal, esp. of responsibility 放弃(尤指责任；) 否认 2 Law  an act of repudiating another's claim or renouncing one's own 【法律】弃权；放弃声明书 [Middle English from Anglo-French (= DISCLAIM, used as a noun)]

disclose /disˈkləʊz/ v. tr.  1  make known; reveal 揭露；透露  disclosed the truth  披露真相 2  remove the cover from; expose to view 揭开，使显露 □ discloser  n.   [Middle English via Old French desclos-, stem of desclore, from Gallo-Roman (as DIS-, CLOSE2)]

disclosure /disˈkləʊʒə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disclosing; the process of being disclosed 揭发；泄露，透露；败露 2  something disclosed; a revelation 披露的事实；被揭露的内情 [DISCLOSE + -URE, on the pattern of closure]

disco /ˈdiskəʊ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  = DISCOTHEQUE  2  = DISCO MUSIC  ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  1  attend a discotheque 参加迪斯科舞会 2  dance to disco music (在音乐伴奏下)跳迪斯科舞  discoed the night away  跳了一整夜的迪斯科 [abbreviation]

discobolus /diˈskɒbələs/ n. (pl. discoboli /-lai/)  1  a discus-thrower in ancient Greece (古希腊的)掷铁饼者 2  a statue of a discobolus 掷铁饼者雕像 [Latin from Greek diskobolos, from diskos DISCUS + -bolos ‘-throwing’ from ballō ‘to throw’]

discography /diˈskɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a descriptive catalogue of gramophone records, esp. of a particular performer or composer (尤指特殊表演者或作曲家的)音乐唱片分类目录 2  the study of gramophone records 音乐唱片分类学 □ discographer  n.   [DISC + -GRAPHY, on the pattern of biography]

discoid /ˈdiskɔid/ adj.  disc-shaped 盘状的，铁饼状的 [Greek diskoeidēs (as DISCUS, -OID)]

discolour /disˈkʌlə/ v. tr. & intr. (US [美] discolor)  spoil or cause to spoil the colour of; stain; tarnish 退色；(使)变色；脱色 □ discoloration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 discolouration)   [Middle English from Old French descolorer or medieval Latin discolorare (as DIS-, COLOUR)]

discombobulate /diskəmˈbɒbjʊleit/ v. tr. N. Amer. slang  disturb; disconcert [北美] [俚语]使混乱；使困惑 [probably based on discompose or discomfit]

discomfit /disˈkʌmfit/ v. tr. (discomfited, discomfiting)  1  a  disconcert or baffle 扰乱；使困惑b  thwart 挫败 2 archaic  defeat in battle [古义]战败 □ discomfiture  n.   [Middle English via Old French disconfit, past part. of desconfire, from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin conficere ‘put together’: see CONFECTION)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse discomfit with discomfort. Examples of each are: We were discomfited by his request to walk through the pouring rain rather than take a taxi, and He was by nature a recluse, discomforted by every encounter. 留心不要混淆 discomfit 和 discomfort 这两个词。两个词的用法各举例如下 : We were discomfited by his request to walk through the pouring rain rather than take a taxi (他建议我们在倾盆大雨中走着去而不是坐出租车去，这令我们感到困惑)； He was by nature a recluse, discomforted by every encounter (他生性就是个隐遁者，见着谁都不自在)。 

discomfort /disˈkʌmfət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a lack of ease; slight pain 不自在；病痛  tight collar caused discomfort  领口紧让人不舒服b  mental uneasiness (精神上的)不安  his presence caused her discomfort  他在场她就不安 2  a lack of comfort 不舒适 ●v. tr.  make uneasy; distress 使不愉快；困苦 [Middle English from Old French desconfort(er) (as DIS-, COMFORT)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISCOMFIT. 见 DISCOMFIT 的用法说明。 

discommode /diskəˈməʊd/ v. tr.  inconvenience (a person etc.) 使(人等)不便；打扰 □ discommodious  adj.   [obsolete French discommoder, variant of incommoder (as DIS-, INCOMMODE)]

discompose /diskəmˈpəʊz/ v. tr.  disturb the composure of; agitate; disturb 使…不安；使焦虑；扰乱 □ discomposure  /-ˈpəʊʒə/ n.  

disco music n.  popular dance music characterized by a heavy bass rhythm 迪斯科(流行)音乐

disconcert /diskənˈsɜ:t/ v. tr.  1  disturb the composure of; agitate; fluster 使…惊慌；使仓皇失措；使窘迫  disconcerted by his expression  他的一番话令人窘迫不安 2  spoil or upset (plans etc.) 挫败；打乱(计划等) □ disconcertedly  adv.  □ disconcerting  adj.  □ disconcertingly  adv.  □ disconcertion  /-ˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ disconcertment  n.   [obsolete French desconcerter (as DIS-, CONCERT)]

disconfirm /diskənˈfɜ:m/ v. tr. formal  disprove or tend to disprove (a hypothesis etc.) [正式] (倾向于)证明(假设等)不成立 □ disconfirmation  /ˌdiskɒnfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disconformity /diskənˈfɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  lack of conformity 不一致b  an instance of this 不符合，矛盾 2 Geol.  a difference of plane between two parallel, approximately horizontal sets of strata 【地质】假整合，平行不整合

disconnect /diskəˈnekt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  break the connection of (things, ideas, etc.) 使(事物)不连接，分开；使(思想等)不连贯 2  put (an electrical device) out of action by disconnecting the parts, esp. by pulling out the plug 使(电气设备)断线；隔离(尤指拔掉插头)

disconnected /diskəˈnektid/ adj. (of speech, writing, argument, etc.) incoherent and illogical (演说、写作、辩论等)不连贯的，不合逻辑的 □ disconnectedly  adv.  □ disconnectedness  n.  

disconnection /diskəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 disconnexion)  the act or an instance of disconnecting; the state of being disconnected 断开；分开

disconsolate /disˈkɒns(ə)lət/ adj.  1  forlorn or inconsolable 孤独的；伤心的 2  unhappy or disappointed 闷闷不乐的；失望的 □ disconsolately  adv.  □ disconsolateness  n.  □ disconsolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin disconsolatus (as DIS-, consolatus, past part. of Latin consolari ‘console’)]

discontent /diskənˈtent/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  lack of contentment; restlessness, dissatisfaction 不满足；烦乱不安；不满意 ●adj.  dissatisfied 不满意的，不满足的  was discontent with his lot  对他的命运不满 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 discontented adj.)  make dissatisfied 使不满 □ discontentedly  adv.  □ discontentedness  n.  □ discontentment  n.  

discontinue /diskənˈtinju:/ v. (discontinues, discontinued, discontinuing)  1 intr. & tr.  cease or cause to cease to exist or be made (使)停止；终止  a discontinued line  已停止的航线 2 tr.  give up, cease from 放弃；中断  discontinued his visits  中断他的访问 3 tr.  cease taking or paying (a newspaper, a subscription, etc.) 停止订阅(报纸等) □ discontinuance  n.  □ discontinuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French discontinuer from medieval Latin discontinuare (as DIS-, CONTINUE)]

discontinuous /diskənˈtinjʊəs/ adj.  lacking continuity in space or time; intermittent 不连续的；间断的 □ discontinuity  /ˌdiskɒntiˈnju:iti/ n.  □ discontinuously  adv.   [medieval Latin discontinuus (as DIS-, CONTINUOUS)]

discord n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskɔ:d/  1  disagreement; strife 不一致；冲突 2  harsh clashing noise; clangour 刺耳声，嘈杂声 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a lack of harmony between notes sounding together 不协和b  an unpleasing or unfinished chord needing to be completed by another 不协和和弦c  any interval except unison, an octave, a perfect fifth and fourth, a major and minor third and sixth, and their octaves 不协和音程d  a single note dissonant with another 不协和的乐音 ●v. intr. /diˈskɔ:d/  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  disagree or quarrel 不同意；争吵b  be different or inconsistent 不同，不一致 2  jar, clash, be dissonant 不一致；冲突；不调和 [Middle English via Old French descord, (n.), descorder (v.) from Latin discordare, from discors ‘discordant’ (as DIS-, cor cord- ‘heart’)]

discordant /diˈskɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, from, with)  1  disagreeing; at variance 不一致的，不协调的 2 (of sounds) not in harmony; dissonant (声音)不悦耳的；不调和的 □ discordance  n.  □ discordancy  n.  □ discordantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, part. of discorder: see DISCORD]

discotheque /ˈdiskətek/ n.  1  a club etc. for dancing to recorded popular music 迪斯科舞厅(放流行歌曲唱片伴舞的娱乐场所等) 2 Brit. [英]  a  the professional lighting and sound equipment used at a discotheque 迪斯科舞厅专用的照明和音响设备b  a business that provides this 提供迪斯科舞厅专用照明和音响设备的行业 3 Brit.  a party with dancing to popular music, esp. using such equipment [英] (尤指利用迪斯科舞厅专用的照明和音响设备的)舞会 [French, = record-library]

discount n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskaʊnt/  1  a deduction from a bill or amount due, given esp. in consideration of prompt or advance payment or to a special class of buyers (尤指因立即付款、提前付款或因特殊买主而打的)折扣 2  a deduction from the amount of a bill of exchange etc. by a person who gives value for it before it is due (汇票等的)贴现利息 3  the act or an instance of discounting 贴现 ●v. tr. /disˈkaʊnt/  1  disregard as being unreliable or unimportant 不(相)信，漠视  discounted his story  不相信他的说法 2  reduce the effect of (an event etc.) by previous action 减弱(事件的影响) 3  a  deduct (esp. an amount from a bill etc.) (尤指从账单等中)打出折扣b  reduce in price 降价 4  give or get the present worth of (a bill not yet due) 贴现(未到期票据) □ at a discount   1  below the nominal or usual price (cf. 参见 PREMIUM) 低于名义(或通常)价格 2  not in demand; depreciated 无销路；跌价□ discountable  /-ˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ discounter  /-ˈkaʊntə/ n.   [obsolete French descompte, -conte, descompter or Italian (di)scontare (as DIS-, COUNT1)]

discountenance /disˈkaʊntinəns/ v. tr.  1 (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  disconcert 使羞愧；使窘迫  was discountenanced by his abruptness  为他的唐突而感到羞愧 2  refuse to countenance; show disapproval of 不赞成；不支持

discount house n.  1 Brit.  a firm that discounts bills [英]廉价商店 2 US [美]  = DISCOUNT STORE 

discount rate n. US  the minimum lending rate 贴现率

discount store n.  a shop etc. that sells goods at less than the normal retail price 廉价商店(店铺等)

discourage /disˈkʌridʒ/ v. tr.  1  deprive of courage, confidence, or energy 使泄气，使气馁 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  dissuade 劝阻  discouraged him from going  劝阻他不要去 3  inhibit or seek to prevent (an action etc.) by showing disapproval; oppose 抑制；(试图)阻止(一个行动等；) 不许可  smoking is discouraged  不许抽烟 □ discouragement  n.  □ discouragingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French descouragier (as DIS-, COURAGE)]

discourse n. & v. ●n. /ˈdiskɔ:s, -ˈkɔ:s/  1 literary [文学用语]  a  conversation; talk 谈话；交谈； b  a dissertation or treatise on an academic subject (学术)论文，论述c  a lecture or sermon 演讲；说教 2 Linguistics  a connected series of utterances; a text 【语言学】语段；语篇 ●v. /disˈkɔ:s/  1 intr.  talk; converse 交谈；谈话 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, on, upon)  speak or write learnedly or at length (on a subject) 论述；著述(某一题目) 3 tr. archaic  give forth (music etc.) [古义]演奏(音乐等) [Middle English from Latin discursus (as DIS-, COURSE) : the verb influenced by French discourir]

discourteous /disˈkɜ:tjəs/ adj.  impolite; rude 失礼的；粗鲁的 □ discourteously  adv.  □ discourteousness  n.  

discourtesy /disˈkɜ:təsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bad manners; rudeness 无礼举动，粗鲁 2  an impolite act or remark 无礼，粗鲁言词

discover /diˈskʌvə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  find out or become aware of, whether by research or searching or by chance 找到；发觉  discovered a new entrance  找到了一个新入口 discovered that they had been overpaid  发觉多付他们钱了b  be the first to find or find out 发现  who discovered America?  谁发现了美洲？ 2 Chess  give (check) by removing one's own obstructing piece 【棋类】(移开己方挡道棋子)将(对方)一军 3 (in show business) find and promote as a new singer, actor, etc. (表演行业)发现；推出(新歌手、演员等) 4 archaic [古义]  a  make known 使为人所知b  exhibit; manifest 显露；展示c  disclose; betray 透露，泄露 □ discoverable  adj.  □ discoverer  n.   [Middle English via Old French descovrir from Late Latin discooperire (as DIS-, COVER)]

discovery /diˈskʌv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the act or process of discovering or being discovered 发现；发觉b  an instance of this 发现  the discovery of a new planet  发现一颗新行星 2  a person or thing discovered 被发现的人(或物) 3 Law  the compulsory disclosure, by a party to an action, of facts or documents on which the other party wishes to rely 【法律】(审判前当事一方必须做出的)透露证据 [DISCOVER, on the pattern of recover, recovery]

discredit /disˈkredit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  harm to reputation 败坏名声  brought discredit on the enterprise  败坏企业名声 2  a person or thing causing this 败坏名声的人；丢脸的事  he is a discredit to his family  他给家里带来了耻辱 3  lack of credibility; doubt; disbelief 失去信用；怀疑；不信  throws discredit on her story  使人怀疑她的说法 4  the loss of commercial credit 丧失商业信誉 ●v. tr. (discredited, discrediting)  1  harm the good reputation of 败坏…的声誉 2  cause to be disbelieved 使成为不可信 3  refuse to believe 不信；怀疑

discreditable /disˈkreditəb(ə)l/ adj.  bringing discredit; shameful 丢脸的；不体面的 □ discreditably  adv.  

discreet /diˈskri:t/ adj. (discreeter, discreetest)  1  a  circumspect in speech or action, esp. to avoid social disgrace or embarrassment (尤指为避免不光彩或尴尬局面而)审慎的，谨慎的b  tactful; trustworthy 机智的；可信赖的 2  unobtrusive 不唐突的；不引人注目的  a discreet touch of rouge  不显眼的一抹口红 □ discreetly  adv.  □ discreetness  n.   [Middle English via Old French discret -ete from Latin discretus ‘separate’ (as DIS-, cretus, past part. of cernere ‘sift’), with Late Latin sense from its derivative discretio ‘discernment’]

discrepancy /disˈkrep(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  difference; failure to correspond; inconsistency 差异；不相符；不一致 2  an instance of this 差异之处；矛盾之处 □ discrepant  adj.   [Latin discrepare ‘be discordant’ (as DIS-, crepare ‘creak’)]

discrete /diˈskri:t/ adj.  individually distinct; separate, discontinuous 离散的；分离的；不连续的 □ discretely  adv.  □ discreteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin discretus: see DISCREET]

discretion /diˈskreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  being discreet; discreet behaviour 谨慎；审慎的行为  treats confidences with discretion  考虑周到 2  prudence; self-preservation 精明；深谋远虑 3  the freedom to act and think as one wishes, usu. within legal limits (通常在法律一定范围内的)斟酌决定  it is within his discretion to leave  离去是他自己决定的 4 Law  a court's freedom to decide a sentence etc. 【法律】(对审判等)法院的酌处权 □ age (or years) of discretion   the esp. legal age at which a person is able to manage his or her own affairs (尤指法定的解事)责任年龄□ at discretion   as one pleases 随意；任意□ at the discretion of   to be settled or disposed of according to the judgement or choice of 随…的意思，凭…自行处理□ discretion is the better part of valour   reckless courage is often self-defeating 谨慎即大勇□ use one's discretion   act according to one's own judgement 自己斟酌决定□ discretionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin discretio -onis (as DISCREET)]

discriminate /diˈskrimineit/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  make or see a distinction; differentiate 辨别，区别  cannot discriminate between right and wrong  不能辨别是非 2 intr.  make a distinction, esp. unjustly and on the basis of race, age, sex, etc. (在种族、年龄、性别等上尤指不公正地)差别对待 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  select for unfavourable treatment 歧视；排斥 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  make or see or constitute a difference in or between 区分出；辨出  many things discriminate one person from another  许多地方可以区分出人与人之间的不同 5 intr.  observe distinctions carefully; have good judgement 识别；鉴别 6 tr.  mark as distinctive; be a distinguishing feature of 使有差别；使区别 □ discriminately  /-nətli/ adv.  □ discriminative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ discriminator  n.  □ discriminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin discriminare from discrimen -minis ‘distinction’, from discernere DISCERN]

discriminating /diˈskrimineitiŋ/ adj.  1  able to discern, esp. distinctions (尤指特性)形成差别的，区别性的 2  having good taste 有识别力的；敏锐的 □ discriminatingly  adv.  

discrimination /diˌskrimiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  unfavourable treatment based on prejudice, esp. regarding race, age, or sex (尤指在种族、年龄、性别上的)差别对待；歧视 2  good taste or judgement in artistic matters etc. (对艺术品等的)鉴赏力，眼力 3  the power of discriminating or observing differences 识别力；辨别力 4  a distinction made with the mind or in action 辨别；区别

discursive /disˈkɜ:siv/ adj.  1  rambling or digressive 散漫芜杂的；离题的 2 Philos.  proceeding by argument or reasoning (opp. 反义 INTUITIVE) 【哲】推论的；论证的 □ discursively  adv.  □ discursiveness  n.   [medieval Latin discursivus from Latin discurrere discurs- (as DIS-, currere ‘run’)]

discus /ˈdiskəs/ n. (pl. discuses)  1  a heavy thick-centred disc thrown in ancient Greek games 铁饼(古希腊运动中，用于投掷的中心厚的重圆盘) 2  a similar disc thrown in modern field events (现代田赛项目投掷中的)铁饼 [Latin from Greek diskos]

discuss /diˈskʌs/ v. tr.  1  hold a conversation about 讨论 2  examine by argument, esp. written; debate (尤指书面)论述 □ discussable  adj.  □ discussant  n.  □ discusser  n.   [earlier in the sense ‘dispel, disperse’: Middle English from Latin discutere discuss- ‘disperse’ (as DIS-, quatere ‘shake’)]

discussion /diˈskʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a conversation, esp. on specific subjects; a debate (尤指对特别题目的)讨论；辩论  had a discussion about what they should do  就他们应做些什么进行了讨论 2  an examination by argument, written or spoken (书面或口头)辩论；审议 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin discussio -onis (as DISCUSS)]

disdain /disˈdein, -z-/ n. & v. ●n.  scorn; contempt 轻蔑，蔑视 ●v. tr.  1  regard with disdain 鄙视 2  think oneself superior to; reject 鄙弃；不屑；拒绝  disdained his offer  鄙弃他的报价 disdained to enter  拒绝进去 disdained answering  不屑回答 [Middle English from Old French desdeign(ier), ultimately from Latin dedignari (as DE-, dignari from dignus ‘worthy’)]

disdainful /disˈdeinfʊl, -f(ə)l, -z-/ adj.  showing disdain or contempt 轻蔑的，蔑视的 □ disdainfully  adv.  □ disdainfulness  n.  

disease /diˈzi:z/ n.  1  an unhealthy condition of the body (or a part of it) or the mind; illness, sickness (人身或部分器官、身心)疾病，病，病态 2  a corresponding physical condition of plants 植物病害 3  a particular kind of disease with special symptoms or location 特殊症状的病，弊病 [Middle English from Old French desaise]

diseased /diˈzi:zd/ adj.  1  affected with disease 患病的 2  abnormal, disordered 不正常的；不健全的 [Middle English, past part. of disease, from Old French desaisier (as DISEASE)]

diseconomy /disiˈkɒnəmi/ n. Econ.  the absence or reverse of economy, esp. the increase of costs in a large-scale operation 【经】不经济(尤指规模过大而造成的费用增加)；逆经济

disembark /disimˈbɑ:k, disem-/ v. tr. & intr.  put or go ashore or land from a ship; remove from or leave an aircraft, train, etc. (使)上岸； (使)登陆；使下飞机(火车等) □ disembarkation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French désembarquer (as DIS-, EMBARK)]

disembarrass /disimˈbærəs, disem-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  relieve (of a load etc.) 摆脱；免除(负担等) 2  free from embarrassment 使免于受窘；解脱烦恼 □ disembarrassment  n.  

disembody /disimˈbɒdi, disem-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (esp. as 尤作 disembodied adj.)  separate or free (esp. the soul) from the body or a concrete form (尤指灵魂)脱离躯壳的；使脱离实体的  disembodied spirit  脱离躯壳的灵魂 disembodied voice  不见其人的说话声 2 archaic  disband (troops) [古义]遣散(军队) □ disembodiment  n.  

disembogue /disimˈbəʊɡ, disem-/ v. tr. & intr. (disembogues, disembogued, disemboguing) (of a river etc.) discharge or flow into the sea etc. (江河等)流入；倾注(大海等) [Spanish desembocar (as DIS-, en ‘in’, boca ‘mouth’)]

disembowel /disimˈbaʊəl, disem-/ v. tr. (disembowelled, disembowelling; US [美] disemboweled, disemboweling)  remove the bowels or entrails of 除去(或取出)…的肠子(或内脏) □ disembowelment  n.  

disembroil /disimˈbrɔil, disem-/ v. tr.  extricate from confusion or entanglement 使摆脱混乱(或纷扰)

disempower /disimˈpaʊə, disem-/ v. tr.  remove the power to act from (a person, group, etc) 剥夺(人、群体等的)权力 □ disempowerment  n.  

disenchant /disinˈtʃɑ:nt, disen-/ v. tr.  free from enchantment; disillusion 使不再着迷，使清醒 □ disenchantingly  adv.  □ disenchantment  n.   [French désenchanter (as DIS-, ENCHANT)]

disencumber /disinˈkʌmbə, disen-/ v. tr.  free from encumbrance (累赘、烦恼)使摆脱；使解脱

disendow /disinˈdaʊ, disen-/ v. tr.  strip (esp. the Church) of endowments (尤指从教会中)没收捐赠基金 □ disendowment  n.  

disenfranchise /disinˈfræn(t)ʃaiz, disen-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 disfranchise /disˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/)  1  a  deprive (a person) of the right to vote 剥夺(某人的)选举权b  deprive (a place) of the right to send a representative to Parliament 剥夺(某地)选派议会议员的权利 2  deprive (a person) of rights as a citizen or of a franchise held 剥夺(某人的)公民权(或选举权) □ disenfranchisement  n.  

disengage /disinˈɡeidʒ, disen-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  detach, free, loosen, or separate (parts etc.) 分开；解开；松开(各部分等)  disengaged the clutch  松开离合器 2 tr. Mil.  remove (troops) from a battle or a battle area 【军】使(军队)脱离接触；使中止(战斗) 3 intr.  become detached 脱离 4 intr. Fencing  pass the point of one's sword to the other side of one's opponent's 【击剑】(剑尖)上下线转移 5 intr. (as 作 disengaged adj.)  a  unoccupied; free; vacant 空闲的；自由的；空白的b  uncommitted, esp. politically (尤政治上)不受约束的；未遂的 ●n. Fencing  a disengaging movement 【击剑】(剑尖)上下线的转移

disengagement /disinˈɡeidʒm(ə)nt, disen-/ n.  1  a  the act of disengaging 脱离，分开b  an instance of this 解开 2  freedom from ties; detachment 解脱；分离 3  the dissolution of an engagement to marry 解除婚约 4  ease of manner or behaviour 安逸；悠闲 5 Fencing 【击剑】  = DISENGAGE 

disentail /disinˈteil, disen-/ v. tr. Law  free (property) from entail; break the entail of 【法律】解除对(不动产)的继承权限制；使(不动产)免于限定继承

disentangle /disinˈtæŋɡ(ə)l, disen-/ v.  1 tr.  a  unravel, untwist 解开(纠结)，拆开b  free from complications; extricate 使摆脱；解脱  disentangled her from the difficulty  把她从困境中解脱出来 2 intr.  become disentangled 解开；清理出 □ disentanglement  n.  

disenthral /disinˈθrɔ:l, disen-/ v. tr. (US [美] disenthrall) (-enthralled, -enthralling) literary  free from enthralment [文学用语]解放；使不受奴役(或束缚) □ disenthralment  n.  

disentitle /disinˈtait(ə)l, disen-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  deprive of any rightful claim 剥夺…的权利(称号) □ disentitlement  n.  

disentomb /disinˈtu:m, disen-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  remove from a tomb; disinter 从坟墓中掘出；发掘 2  unearth 掘出 □ disentombment  /-ˈtu:mm(ə)nt/ n.  

disequilibrium /ˌdisi:kwiˈlibriəm, dise-/ n.  a lack or loss of equilibrium; instability 不均衡；失调；不平衡

disestablish /disiˈstæbliʃ, dise-/ v. tr.  1  deprive (a church) of state support 撤销政府对(教会的)支持；使(教会)和政府分离 2  depose from an official position 解除…的官职 3  terminate the establishment of 废止…的制度(习俗) □ disestablishment  n.  

disesteem /disiˈsti:m, dise-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  have a low opinion of; despise 轻视；不喜欢；厌恶 ●n.  low esteem or regard 蔑视

diseuse /di:ˈzɜ:z, 法 dizøz/ n. (masc. diseur /di:ˈzɜ:, 法 dizœr/)  a female artiste entertaining with spoken monologues 朗诵女艺术家 [French, = talker, from dire dis- ‘say’]

disfavour /disˈfeivə/ n. & v. (US [美] disfavor) ●n.  1  disapproval or dislike 不赞成；不喜欢；讨厌 2  the state of being disliked 失宠  fell into disfavour  受冷遇 ●v. tr.  regard or treat with disfavour 厌恶；不喜欢

disfigure /disˈfiɡə/ v. tr.  spoil the beauty of; deform; deface 损伤…的外貌；使成畸形；使变丑 □ disfigurement  n.   [Middle English via Old French desfigurer from Romanic (as DIS-, FIGURE)]

disforest /disˈfɒrist/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  = DISAFFOREST  □ disforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disfranchise /disˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/ var.  of DISENFRANCHISE  DISENFRANCHISE 的变体

disfrock /disˈfrɒk/ v. tr.  unfrock 剥去法衣；解除圣职

disgorge /disˈɡɔ:dʒ/ v. tr.  1  eject from the throat or stomach 吐出；呕出 2  pour forth, discharge (contents, ill-gotten gains, etc.) 涌出(所含之物)；被迫交出；吐出(非法所得等) □ disgorgement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desgorger (as DIS-, GORGE)]

disgrace /disˈɡreis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the loss of reputation; shame; ignominy 丧失名誉；羞耻；不体面  brought disgrace on his family  给他全家丢脸 2  a dishonourable, inefficient, or shameful person, thing, state of affairs, etc. 招致耻辱者；差劲的人(事和情况等)  the bus service is a disgrace  公共汽车服务太糟了 ●v. tr.  1  bring shame or discredit on; be a disgrace to 带来羞耻(或不信任；) 使成为耻辱 2  degrade from a position of honour; dismiss from favour 玷污名誉；使失宠 □ in disgrace   having lost respect or reputation; out of favour 有失体面；失宠 [French disgrɑˆce, disgracier from Italian disgrazia, disgraziare (as DIS-, GRACE)]

disgraceful /disˈɡreisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  shameful; dishonourable; degrading 可耻的；不名誉的；有失体面的 □ disgracefully  adv.  

disgruntled /disˈɡrʌnt(ə)ld/ adj.  discontented; moody; sulky 不满的；闷闷不乐的；不高兴的 □ disgruntlement  n.   [DIS- + gruntle, obsolete frequentative of GRUNT]

disguise /disˈɡaiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  alter the appearance, sound, smell, etc., of so as to conceal the identity; make unrecognizable (外貌、声音、味道等)化装；伪装；掩盖  disguised herself as a policewoman  她把自己化装成警察 disguised the taste by adding sugar  加糖以掩盖味道 2  misrepresent or cover up 误传，诈称；隐匿，掩饰  disguised the truth  掩盖真理 disguised their intentions  掩饰他们的意图 ●n.  1  a  a costume, false beard, make-up, etc., used to alter the appearance so as to conceal or deceive (用以改变面部形象来隐匿或行骗的)化装服饰(假须、化装品等)b  any action, manner, etc., used for deception (行动、举止等的)假扮；伪装 2  a  the act or practice of disguising; the concealment of reality 假装；掩盖；掩饰b  an instance of this 假扮；化装 □ in disguise   1  wearing a concealing costume etc. (穿服装等)假装；伪装 2  appearing to be the opposite 表面和实质正好相反  a blessing in disguise  因祸得福□ disguisement  n.   [Middle English from Old French desguis(i)er (as DIS-, GUISE)]

disgust /disˈɡʌst/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, for)  1  strong aversion; repugnance; profound indignation 厌恶；嫌恶；反感 2  a strong distaste for a food, drink, medicine, etc.; nausea (对食物、饮料、药物等)厌食；作呕 ●v. tr.  cause disgust in 使厌恶  their behaviour disgusts me  他们的举止令我感到厌恶 was disgusted to find a slug  发现一条鼻涕虫真令人恶心 □ in disgust   as a result of disgust 厌恶地；反感地  left in disgust  反感地离去□ disgustedly  adv.   [Old French degoust, desgouster, or Italian disgusto, disgustare (as DIS-, GUSTO)]

disgustful /disˈɡʌstfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  disgusting; repulsive 令人厌恶的；令人唾弃的 2 (of curiosity etc.) caused by disgust 厌恶引起的(好奇心等)

disgusting /disˈɡʌstiŋ/ adj.  arousing aversion or indignation 令人反感的；令人厌恶的  disgusting behaviour  令人讨厌的行为 □ disgustingly  adv.  □ disgustingness  n.  

dish /diʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a shallow, usu. flat-bottomed container for cooking or serving food, made of glass, ceramics, metal, etc. (玻璃、陶瓷、金属等)盘，碟(通常底部平坦)b  the food served in a dish 盘装菜(菜肴)  all the dishes were delicious  所有的菜肴都美味可口c  a particular kind of food 一道(或一盘)菜  a meat dish  一碟肉菜 2 (in pl. 用复数)  dirty plates, cutlery, cooking pots, etc. after a meal (饭后待洗的)碗碟刀具(烹调锅罐等) 3  a  a dish-shaped receptacle, object, or cavity 碟状容器(物体、洞穴)b  = SATELLITE DISH  4 slang  a sexually attractive person [俚语]性感的人 ●v. tr.  1  put (food) into a dish ready for serving 把(菜肴)装在盘子里 2 Brit. colloq.  a  outmanoeuvre [英口]以谋略制胜，智胜b  destroy (one's hopes, chances, etc.) 破坏；挫败(某人的希望、机遇等) 3  make concave or dish-shaped 使成为凹形(或碟形) □ dish out  slang  distribute, esp. carelessly or indiscriminately [俚语] (尤指不经意、无区别地)分发□ dish up   1  serve or prepare to serve (food) (准备)把(食物)盛在盘里端出 2 colloq.  seek to present (facts, argument, etc.) attractively [口]把(事实、争论等)说得娓娓动听□ dish (up) the dirt  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  spread scandal or gossip [口]传播丑闻；说人闲话□ dishful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English disc ‘plate, bowl’ (with Germanic and Old Norse cognates) from Latin discus DISC]

dishabille var.  of D ÉSHABILLÉ DÉSHABILLÉ 的变体

disharmony /disˈhɑ:məni/ n.  a lack of harmony; discord 不调和；不和谐 □ disharmonious  /-ˈməʊniəs/ adj.  □ disharmoniously  /-ˈməʊniəsli/ adv.  □ disharmonize  /-naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

dishcloth /ˈdiʃklɒθ/ n.  a usu. open-weave cloth for washing dishes (通常用多孔织布的)擦碗布，洗碟布

dishcloth gourd n.  a loofah 丝瓜；丝瓜络

dishearten /disˈhɑ:t(ə)n/ v. tr.  cause to lose courage or confidence; make despondent 使…气馁；使…沮丧；使…泄气 □ dishearteningly  adv.  □ disheartenment  n.  

dishevelled /diˈʃev(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] disheveled) (of the hair, a person, etc.) untidy; ruffled; disordered (头发等)散乱的；凌乱的；蓬乱的；(人)衣冠不整的 □ dishevel  v. tr. (dishevelled, dishevelling; US [美] disheveled, disheveling)  □ dishevelment  n.   [Middle English dischevelee from Old French deschevelé past part. (as DIS-, chevel ‘hair’ from Latin capillus)]

dishonest /disˈɒnist/ adj. (of a person, act, or statement) fraudulent or insincere (人、行为或陈述)不诚实的，狡诈的；不诚恳的 □ dishonestly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French deshoneste (as DIS-, HONEST)]

dishonesty /disˈɒnisti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a lack of honesty 不诚实b  deceitfulness, fraud 欺诈；欺骗 2  a dishonest or fraudulent act 不诚实(或欺骗)行为 [Middle English from Old French deshon(n)esté (as DISHONEST)]

dishonour /disˈɒnə/ n. & v. (US [美] dishonor) ●n.  1  a state of shame or disgrace; discredit 丢脸；耻辱；不名誉 2  something that causes dishonour 招致耻辱的事  a dishonour to his profession  给他的职业带来的耻辱 ●v. tr.  1  treat without honour or respect 不尊重；侮辱 2  disgrace 使蒙羞；玷污  dishonoured his name  败坏了他的名声 3  refuse to accept or pay (a cheque or a bill of exchange) 拒绝承兑(票据或汇票) 4 archaic  violate the chastity of; rape [古义]玷污(妇女)；强奸 [Middle English via Old French deshonor (n.), deshonorer (v.) from medieval Latin dishonorare (as DIS-, HONOUR)]

dishonourable /disˈɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] dishonorable)  1  causing disgrace; ignominious 不名誉的；可耻的 2  unprincipled 不讲道德的 □ dishonourableness  n.  □ dishonourably  adv.  

dishrag /ˈdiʃræɡ/ n.  = DISHCLOTH 

dishwasher /ˈdiʃwɒʃə/ n.  1  a machine for automatically washing dishes 洗碟机 2  a person employed to wash dishes 洗碟工，洗碟者

dishwater /ˈdiʃwɔ:tə/ n.  water in which dishes have been washed 洗碟水(洗过碗碟的水)

dishy /ˈdiʃi/ adj. (dishier, dishiest) Brit. slang  sexually attractive [英] [俚语]性感的 [DISH n. 4 + -Y1]

disillusion /disiˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n. & v. ●n.  freedom from illusions; disenchantment 醒悟；不抱幻想 ●v. tr.  rid of illusions; disenchant 使醒悟；使不着迷 □ disillusionize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ disillusionment  n.  

disincentive /disinˈsentiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  something that tends to discourage a particular action etc. (对特别行动等)起抑制作用的事物 2 Econ.  a source of discouragement to productivity or progress 【经】(对经济发展起抑制作用的)制止因素 ●adj.  tending to discourage 抑制的；制止的

disinclination /ˌdisinkliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  the absence of willingness; a reluctance 不愿；勉强；厌恶  a disinclination for work  厌恶工作 disinclination to go  不愿去

disincline /disinˈklain/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin. or for)  make unwilling or reluctant 使不愿；使不欲

disincorporate /disinˈkɔ:pəreit/ v. tr.  dissolve (a corporate body) 解散(法人团体)

disinfect /disinˈfekt/ v. tr.  cleanse (a wound, a room, clothes, etc.) of infection, esp. with a disinfectant (尤指用消毒剂或杀菌剂)为(伤口、房间、衣物等)消毒；杀菌 □ disinfection  n.   [French désinfecter (as DIS-, INFECT)]

disinfectant /disinˈfekt(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a usu. commercially produced chemical liquid that destroys germs etc. (杀病菌等的)消毒剂(通常为商用生产的化学溶液) ●adj.  causing disinfection 消毒的

disinfest /disinˈfest/ v. tr.  rid (a person, a building, etc.) of vermin, infesting insects, etc. 除去(身体、建筑物等的)有害动物(寄生虫等) □ disinfestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disinflation /disinˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Econ.  a policy designed to counteract inflation without causing deflation 【经】制止通货膨胀，通货紧缩(政策) □ disinflationary  adj.  

disinformation /ˌdisinfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  false information, intended to mislead 假情报，假消息

disingenuous /disinˈdʒenjʊəs/ adj.  having secret motives; dishonest; insincere 诡诈的；不坦率的；不真诚的 □ disingenuously  adv.  □ disingenuousness  n.  

disinherit /disinˈherit/ v. tr. (disinherited, disinheriting)  reject as one's heir; deprive of the right of inheritance 拒绝…成为继承人；剥夺…的继承权 □ disinheritance  n.   [Middle English from DIS- + INHERIT in obsolete sense ‘make heir’]

disintegrate /disˈintiɡreit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  a  separate into component parts or fragments; crumble; decay (使)分裂； (使)碎裂；使粉碎；使衰退b  lose or cause to lose cohesion (使)瓦解； (使)解体 2 intr. colloq.  deteriorate mentally or physically [口]心理(或生理)状况恶化 3 intr. & tr. Physics  undergo or cause to undergo disintegration 【物理学】(使)裂变；蜕变 □ disintegrative  /-ɡrətiv/ adj.  □ disintegrator  n.  

disintegration /disˌintiˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disintegrating 瓦解；崩溃 2 Physics  any process in which a nucleus emits a particle or particles or divides into smaller nuclei 【物理学】裂变；蜕变

disinter /disinˈtɜ:/ v. tr. (disinterred, disinterring)  1  remove (esp. a corpse) from the ground; unearth; exhume (从地下)掘出(尤指尸体)；发掘(出) 2  find by delving 找出  disinterred the letter from the back of the drawer  从抽屉的后部翻出了信 □ disinterment  n.   [French désenterrer (as DIS-, INTER)]

disinterest /disˈint(ə)rist/ n.  1 disp.  lack of interest; unconcern [异议]无兴趣；不关心；冷淡 2  impartiality 不偏不倚；公正■Usage 用法说明 The use of disinterest in sense 1 to mean ‘lack of interest’ is sometimes objected to, but it is in this sense that is is most commonly found and the alternative uninterest is rare. The phrase lack of interest avoids both ambiguity and accusations of incorrect usage. 词语 disinterest 释义 1 的解释“无兴趣”有时遭到反对，然而又经常为人们所用，也极少用 uninterest 一词替代。使用短语 lack of interest ，既避免了意思含糊不清，也避免了对该词因用法错误而遭到的指责。 

disinterested /disˈint(ə)ristid/ adj.  1  not influenced by one's own advantage; impartial 无私的；公正的 2 disp.  uninterested [异议]无兴趣的；不关心的 □ disinterestedly  adv.  □ disinterestedness  n.   [past part. of disinterest ‘divest of interest’]■Usage 用法说明 Disinterested is commonly used informally to mean ‘uninterested’, but this is widely regarded as incorrect. 在非正式场合 disinterested 通常被用来表示“无兴趣”，然而人们普遍认为此用法不当。 

disinvest /disinˈvest/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 from, or absol. [含宾])  reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc.) 减资，抽回(在某地、某公司等的)投资资本 □ disinvestment  n.  

disjecta membra /disˌdʒektə ˈmembrə/ n. pl.  scattered remains; fragments, esp. of written work (尤指书写作品)断编残简；断片，残片 [Latin, alteration of disjecti membra poetae (Horace) ‘limbs of a dismembered poet’]

disjoin /disˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  separate or disunite; part 使分开；使分离 [Middle English via Old French desjoindre from Latin disjungere (as DIS-, jungere junct- ‘join’)]

disjoint /disˈdʒɔint/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  take apart at the joints 使脱臼 2 (as 作 disjointed adj.) (esp. of conversation) incoherent; desultory (尤指对话)不连贯的；无条理的 3  disturb the working or connection of; dislocate 支离破碎；使混乱 ●adj. (of two or more sets) having no elements in common (两个或两个以上的集)无共同成分的；分离的 □ disjointedly  adv.  □ disjointedness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete disjoint (adj.), from past part. of Old French desjoindre (as DISJOIN)]

disjunct /ˈdisdʒʌŋ(k)t/ n.  1 Logic  each of the terms of a disjunctive proposition 【逻辑学】选言肢；选言命题 2 Gram.  an adverb or adverbial phrase that expresses a writer's or speaker's attitude to the content of the sentence in which it occurs 【语法】分离性状语，评注性状语

disjunction /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of disjoining; separation 分离；分裂b  an instance of this 分开 2 Logic  the relation of two mutually incompatible alternatives; a statement expressing this (esp. using the word ‘or’) 【逻辑学】析取； (通常用“ or ”一词的)析取命题，选言命题 [Middle English from Old French disjunction or Latin disjunctio (as DISJOIN)]

disjunctive /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  involving separation; disjoining 分离性的，分离的 2 Gram. (esp. of a conjunction) expressing a choice between two words etc. e.g. or in asked if he was going or staying (cf. 参见 COPULATIVE 2a) 【语法】(尤指连词，于两词等之间)表达转折的；反意的(如在 asked if he was going or staying 中的“ or ”) 3 Logic (of a proposition) expressing alternatives 【逻辑学】(命题)两者择一的，选言的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a disjunctive conjunction or other word 【语法】转折连词(反意连词，区别连词) 2 Logic  a disjunctive proposition 【逻辑学】选言命题 □ disjunctively  adv.   [Middle English from Latin disjunctivus (as DISJOIN)]

disjuncture /disˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n.  a disjointed state; a separation, a disconnection 分离；分裂 [medieval Latin disjunctura, disjunct- (as DISJUNCTION)]

disk var.  of DISC  (esp. US & Computing [尤美]【计算】) DISC 的变体

disk drive n.  a mechanism for rotating a disk and reading or writing data from or to it 磁盘驱动器

diskette /diˈsket/ n. Computing 【计算】  = FLOPPYn. 

dislike /disˈlaik/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  have an aversion or objection to; not like 讨厌；厌恶；不喜欢 ●n.  1  a feeling of repugnance or not liking 反感；厌恶，不喜欢 2  an object of dislike 不喜欢之物 □ dislikable  adj. (also 亦作 dislikeable)  

dislocate /ˈdislə(ʊ)keit/ v. tr.  1  disturb the normal connection of (esp. a joint in the body) 使改变位置；使脱位(尤指身体关节) 2  disrupt; put out of order 使中断；使陷入混乱 3  displace 移置；转移 [probably back-formation from DISLOCATION]

dislocation /dislə(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or result of dislocating 变位；脱臼 2 Crystallog.  the displacement of part of a crystal lattice structure 【晶】(晶格结构部分)位错 [Middle English from Old French dislocation or medieval Latin dislocatio, from dislocare (as DIS-, locare ‘place’)]

dislodge /disˈlɒdʒ/ v. tr.  remove from an established or fixed position 驱逐；逐出  was dislodged from his directorship  他被免除董事职务 □ dislodgement  n. (also 亦作 dislodgment)   [Middle English from Old French dislog(i)er (as DIS-, LODGE)]

disloyal /disˈlɔi(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  not loyal; unfaithful 不忠的，不诚实的 2  untrue to one's allegiance; treacherous to one's government etc. 不忠的； (对某人的国家等)叛逆的 □ disloyalist  n.  □ disloyally  adv.  □ disloyalty  n.   [Middle English from Old French desloial (as DIS-, LOYAL)]

dismal /ˈdizm(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or showing gloom; miserable 阴沉的，忧郁的，悲惨的 2  dreary or sombre 沉闷的；阴郁的  dismal brown walls  阴郁的褐色墙壁 3 colloq.  feeble or inept [口]虚弱无力的；不高明的  a dismal performance  沉闷乏味的表演 □ the dismals  colloq.  melancholy [口]忧郁；沮丧□ dismally  adv.  □ dismalness  n.   [originally noun = unlucky days: Middle English via Anglo-French dis mal from medieval Latin dies mali, two days in each month held to be unpropitious]

dismal science n. (prec. by 前接 the) joc.  economics [诙]沉闷科学；(政治)经济学

dismantle /disˈmænt(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  take to pieces; pull down 拆卸；拆散 2  deprive of defences or equipment 拆除…的防御工事；拆除…装备 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  strip of covering or protection 拆掉…的覆盖物 □ dismantlement  n.  □ dismantler  n.   [Old French desmanteler (as DIS-, MANTLE)]

dismast /disˈmɑ:st/ v. tr.  deprive (a ship) of masts; break down the mast or masts of (船只)拆卸桅杆；折断桅杆

dismay /disˈmei/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  fill with consternation or anxiety; discourage or depress; reduce to despair 使惊恐；使焦虑；使气馁；使沮丧；使绝望 ●n.  1  consternation or anxiety 惊恐，焦虑 2  depression or despair 沮丧；绝望 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from a Germanic root = deprive of power (as DIS-, MAY)]

dismember /disˈmembə/ v. tr.  1  tear or cut the limbs from 割去…的肢体，支解… 2  partition or divide up (an empire, country, etc.) 瓜分；分割(某个帝国、国家等) □ dismemberment  n.   [Middle English via Old French desmembrer from Romanic (as DIS-, Latin membrum ‘limb’)]

dismiss /disˈmis/ v.  1  a tr.  send away, cause to leave one's presence, disperse; disband (an assembly or army) 打发走；让离开；遣散；解散(集会或军队)b intr. (of an assembly etc.) disperse; break ranks (集会等)散开；解散 2 tr.  discharge from employment, office, etc., esp. dishonourably (尤指不光彩地被)解雇；把…免职(免去职责等) 3 tr.  put out of one's thoughts; cease to feel or discuss 忘掉；搁置，不予考虑  dismissed him from memory  忘掉他 4 tr.  treat (a subject) summarily (某事)简单(或草草)地处理；不认真地考虑  dismissed his application  草草了结了他的申请 5 tr. Law  refuse further hearing to (a case); send out of court 【法律】驳回(诉讼；) 拒绝受理 6 tr. Cricket  put (a batsman or a side) out 【板球】迫使(击球员或一方)退场  was dismissed for 75 runs  因得 75 分而被迫退场 7 intr. (in imper. 用于祈使句) Mil.  a word of command at the end of drilling 【军】解散(训练结束时的口令) □ dismissal  n.  □ dismissible  adj.   [Middle English, from medieval Latin dismiss- (as DIS-, Latin mittere miss- ‘send’)]

dismissive /disˈmisiv/ adj.  tending to dismiss from consideration; disdainful 拒绝考虑的；轻蔑的；鄙视的 □ dismissively  adv.  □ dismissiveness  n.  

dismount /disˈmaʊnt/ v.  1  a intr.  alight from a horse, bicycle, etc. 下马(自行车等)b tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  throw from a horse, unseat 使(从马背上)掉下来；摔下 2 tr.  remove (a thing) from its mounting (esp. a gun from its carriage) (某物)从支架托座上卸下(尤指从炮车上把炮卸下)

disobedient /disəˈbi:diənt/ adj.  disobeying; rebellious, rule-breaking 不服从的；叛逆的；违反规则的 □ disobedience  n.  □ disobediently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desobedient (as DIS-, OBEDIENT)]

disobey /disəˈbei/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  fail or refuse to obey; disregard (orders); break (rules) 违反；不服从；违抗(命令)；违反(规则)  disobeyed his mother  对母亲不孝 how dare you disobey!  你竟敢违抗！ □ disobeyer  n.   [Middle English via Old French desobeir from Romanic (as DIS-, OBEY)]

disoblige /disəˈblaidʒ/ v. tr.  1  refuse to consider the convenience or wishes of 不满足…的愿望；不答应…的要求 2 (as 作 disobliging adj.)  uncooperative 不合作的；不配合的 [French désobliger from Romanic (as DIS-, OBLIGE)]

disorder /disˈɔ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lack of order; confusion 无秩序；杂乱；混乱 2  a riot; a commotion 暴动；骚动，动乱 3 Med.  a usu. minor ailment or disease 【医】(通常不重的)小病；微恙 ●v. tr.  1  throw into confusion; disarrange 使混乱；使凌乱 2 Med.  put out of good health; upset 【医】使身心失调；使不适 □ disordered  adj.   [Middle English, alteration influenced by ORDER v. of earlier disordain from Old French desordener (as DIS-, ORDAIN)]

disorderly /disˈɔ:dəli/ adj.  1  untidy; confused 凌乱的；混乱的 2  irregular; unruly; riotous 不规则的；不守规矩的；骚乱的 3 Law  contrary to public order or morality 【法律】妨碍治安的 □ disorderliness  n.  

disorderly house n.  a brothel 妓院

disorganize /disˈɔ:ɡənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  destroy the system or order of; throw into confusion 打乱；搅乱 2 (as 作 disorganized adj.)  lacking organization or system 缺乏组织的，无系统的 □ disorganization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French désorganiser (as DIS-, ORGANIZE)]

disorient /disˈɔ:rient/ v. tr.  = DISORIENTATE  [French désorienter (as DIS-, ORIENT v.)]

disorientate /disˈɔ:rienteit/ v. tr.  1  confuse (a person) as to his or her whereabouts or bearings 使(人)迷失方向(迷惘) 2  confuse (a person) 使(人)迷惑不解  disorientated by his unexpected behaviour  他那意想不到的举止令人迷惑不解 □ disorientation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

disown /disˈəʊn/ v. tr.  1  refuse to recognize; repudiate; disclaim 否认；拒绝承认；不认 2  renounce one's connection with or allegiance to 否认…同自己的关系；放弃对…的效忠 □ disowner  n.  

disparage /diˈspæridʒ/ v. tr.  1  speak slightingly of; depreciate 贬低；蔑视 2  bring discredit on 损害…的名声，诋毁 □ disparagement  n.  □ disparagingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desparagier ‘marry unequally’ (as DIS-, parage ‘equality of rank’, ultimately from Latin par ‘equal’)]

disparate /ˈdisp(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  essentially different in kind; without comparison or relation 根本不同的；全异的；不能相比的；不相干的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  things so unlike that there is no basis for their comparison 无法相比的事物 □ disparately  adv.  □ disparateness  n.   [Latin disparatus ‘separated’ (as DIS-, paratus, past part. of parare ‘prepare’), influenced in sense by Latin dispar ‘unequal’]

disparity /diˈspæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  inequality; difference; incongruity 不等；不同；差异；不协调；不相称 2  an instance of this 不同(不一致、不相称)的事例 [French disparité from Late Latin disparitas -tatis (as DIS-, PARITY1)]

dispassionate /disˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  free from passion; calm; impartial 不带感情的；冷静的；不偏不倚的 □ dispassionately  adv.  □ dispassionateness  n.  

dispatch /diˈspætʃ/ v. & n. (also 亦作 despatch) ●v. tr.  1  send off to a destination or for a purpose 发送；派遣  dispatched him with the message  派遣他去送信 dispatched the letter yesterday  昨天把信发走了 2  perform (business, a task, etc.) promptly; finish off 快速处理(事务、任务等；) 速办 3  kill, execute 杀死；处决  dispatched him with the revolver  用左轮手枪处决了他 4 colloq.  eat (food, a meal, etc.) quickly [口]匆匆把(食物、饭等)吃完 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of sending (a messenger, letter, etc.) 派遣(信使；) 发送(信件等) 2  the act or an instance of killing; execution 杀死；处决 3  a  an official written message on state or esp. military affairs 政府(尤指军事)文件，公文b  a report sent in by a newspaper's correspondent, usu. from a foreign country (通常驻外记者发回的)新闻报道；电讯稿c  any written message requiring fast delivery 需紧急递送的信息 4  promptness, efficiency 敏捷；效率  done with dispatch  高效率地办完 □ dispatcher  n.   [Italian dispacciare or Spanish despachar ‘expedite’ (as DIS-, Italian impacciare and Spanish empachar ‘hinder’, of uncertain origin)]

dispatch box n. (also 亦作 dispatch case)  a container for esp. official state or military documents or dispatches (尤指放置政府或军事文件的)公文箱

dispatch rider n.  a motorcyclist or rider on horseback carrying dispatches (骑摩托车或骑马的)通信员

dispel /diˈspel/ v. tr. (dispelled, dispelling)  dissipate; disperse; scatter 消除；驱散；使消散  the dawn dispelled their fears  黎明驱散了他们的恐惧 □ dispeller  n.   [Latin dispellere (as DIS-, pellere ‘drive’)]

dispensable /diˈspensəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be done without; unnecessary 非必要的；可有可无的 2 (of a law etc.) able to be relaxed in special cases (法律等)在特定条件下无约束力的 □ dispensability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin dispensabilis (as DISPENSE)]

dispensary /diˈspens(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place where medicines etc. are dispensed (配置药物等的)配药处；药房 2  a public or charitable institution for medical advice and the dispensing of medicines (出于慈善目的而设的收费不高的或免费的)施药所 [medieval Latin dispensarius (as DISPENSE)]

dispensation /dispenˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of dispensing or distributing 分配；分发b (foll. by 后跟 with)  the state of doing without (a thing) 省却(某物)c  something distributed 分发物 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  a  exemption from a penalty or duty; an instance of this (处罚、义务的)免除b  permission to be exempted from a religious observance; an instance of this 豁免；(宗教上的)特许 3  a religious or political system obtaining in a nation etc. (一国等的)教规；体制  the Christian dispensation  基督教教规 4  a  the ordering or management of the world by Providence 天命，天道b  a specific example of such ordering (of a community, a person, etc.) (对某社区、某人特别降下的)神的安排 □ dispensational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French dispensation or Latin dispensatio (as DISPENSE)]

dispense /diˈspens/ v.  1 tr.  distribute; deal out 分发；分配 2 tr.  administer (a sacrament, justice, etc.) 实施；执行(圣礼、公正等) 3 tr.  make up and give out (medicine etc.) according to a doctor's prescription (按处方)配(药), 发(药等) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  grant a dispensation to (a person) from an obligation, esp. a religious observance (尤指按宗教惯例向穷人)发放救济品 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  do without; render needless 摈弃；省掉；没有…也行b  give exemption from (a rule) 免除；豁免(规则) [Middle English via Old French despenser from Latin dispensare, frequentative of dispenděre ‘weigh or pay out’ (as DIS-, penděre pens- ‘weigh’)]

dispenser /diˈspensə/ n.  1  a person or thing that dispenses something, e.g. medicine, good advice (如药品的)药剂师；配药员；(忠告的)施与者 2  an automatic machine that dispenses an item or a specific amount of something (e.g. cash) 自动分发机(如自动取款机)

dispensing chemist n. Brit.  a chemist qualified to make up and give out medicine etc. [英] (有资格配制、分发药物等的)药剂师；配药师

dispensing optician n.  = OPTICIAN 2 

dispersant /diˈspɜ:s(ə)nt/ n. Chem.  an agent used to disperse small particles in a medium 【化】分散剂

disperse /diˈspɜ:s/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  go, send, drive, or distribute in different directions or over a wide area (使)分散；驱散 2  a intr. (of people at a meeting etc.) leave and go their various ways (与会人员等)散开疏散b tr.  cause to do this 使散开 3 tr.  send to or station at separate points 派遣(到)；驻扎(在) 4 tr.  put in circulation; disseminate 散发；传播 5 tr. Chem.  distribute (small particles) uniformly in a medium 【化】使(小颗粒子)分散 6 tr. Physics  divide (white light) into its coloured constituents 【物理学】使(白光)色散 □ dispersable  adj.  □ dispersal  n.  □ disperser  n.  □ dispersible  adj.  □ dispersive  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dispergere dispers- (as DIS-, spargere ‘scatter’)]

dispersion /diˈspɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dispersing; the process of being dispersed 散布；驱散；疏散；消散 2 Chem.  a mixture of one substance dispersed in another 【化】分散质 3 Physics  the separation of white light into colours or of any radiation according to wavelength 【物理学】色散；频散；弥散 4 Statistics  the extent to which values of a variable differ from the mean 【统计学】离中趋势；离散度；离差 5 Ecol.  the pattern of distribution of individuals within the habitat 【态】(在栖息地的)个体散居模式 6 (作 the Dispersion)  = DIASPORA 1  [Middle English from Late Latin dispersio (as DISPERSE), translation of Greek diaspora: see DIASPORA]

dispirit /diˈspirit/ v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 dispiriting adj.)  make despondent; discourage 使沮丧；使气馁 2 (as 作 dispirited adj.)  dejected; discouraged 沮丧的；气馁的 □ dispiritedly  adv.  □ dispiritedness  n.  □ dispiritingly  adv.  

displace /disˈpleis/ v. tr.  1  shift from its accustomed place 移置；转移 2  remove from office 撤换；把…免职 3  take the place of; oust 替代，取代

displaced person n.  a person who is forced to leave his or her home country because of war, persecution, etc.; a refugee (因战争、迫害等原因)被迫流落异国的人；难民

displacement /disˈpleism(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of displacing; the process or an instance of being displaced 替代；取代 2 Physics  the amount of a fluid displaced by a solid floating or immersed in it 【物理学】排水量  a ship with a displacement of 11,000 tons  一艘排水量为 11,000 吨的船 3 Psychol. 【心】  a  the substitution of one idea or impulse for another 移位； (思想感情)转移b  the unconscious transfer of strong unacceptable emotions from one object to another 情感转移 4  the amount by which a thing is moved from a position 转移量

displacement activity n. Psychol.  an animal or human activity which seems irrelevant to the situation (e.g. head-scratching when confused) 【心】替代活动(如心慌意乱时搔头)

displacement ton  see 见 TON1 4 

display /diˈsplei/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  expose to view; exhibit; show 使展现；展示；陈列 2  show ostentatiously 炫耀；夸示 3  allow to appear; reveal; betray 显示；显露；表现  displayed his ignorance  显露出了他的无知 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of displaying 展示；表演 2  a  an exhibition or show 展览；陈列b  a thing or things intended to be looked at 展览品；陈列品 3  ostentation; flashiness 炫耀；夸示 4  the distinct behaviour of some birds and fish, esp. used to attract a mate (尤指某些鸟、鱼为求偶而作的)炫耀行为 5  a  the presentation of signals or data on a visual display unit etc. (视觉设备等)显示b  the information so presented 直观信息 6 Printing  the arrangement and choice of type in order to attract attention 【印刷】特排；醒目排印；特排印件 □ displayer  n.   [Middle English via Old French despleier from Latin displicare (as DIS-, plicare ‘fold’): cf. DEPLOY]

displease /disˈpli:z/ v. tr.  make indignant or angry; offend; annoy 使不快，使生气；得罪；惹怒 □ be displeased  (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with)  be indignant or dissatisfied; disapprove 对…感到愤慨；对…感到不满；不赞成□ displeasing  adj.  □ displeasingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French desplaisir (as DIS-, Latin placēre ‘please’)]

displeasure /disˈpleʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  disapproval; anger; dissatisfaction 不快；恼火；不满 ●v. tr. archaic  cause displeasure to; annoy [古义]使不快；使惹怒 [Middle English from Old French (as DISPLEASE): assimilated to PLEASURE]

disport /diˈspɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & refl.  frolic; gambol; enjoy oneself 嬉戏；玩耍；自娱  disported on the sand  在沙滩玩耍 disported themselves in the sea  在海水中自娱 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  relaxation 松弛；放松 2  a pastime 消遣；娱乐 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French desporter (as DIS-, porter ‘carry’ from Latin portare)]

disposable /diˈspəʊzəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  intended to be used once and then thrown away 用后即丢弃的，一次性的  disposable nappies  一次性尿布 2  that can be got rid of, made over, or used 不回收的；可(任意)处置的 3 (esp. of financial assets) at the owner's disposal (尤指金融资产)可支配的 ●n.  a thing designed to be thrown away after one used 用后即可丢弃的物品；一次性物品 □ disposability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

disposable income n.  1  income after tax and other necessary expenditure 可支配收入(缴纳个人所得税及支付其他必要花费以后的部分) 2  the total amount of money at the disposal of consumers in a country, community, etc. (国家、社区消费者所拥有的)可供消费的总货币量

disposal /diˈspəʊz(ə)l/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  the act or an instance of disposing of something 丢掉；清除；销毁 2  the arrangement, disposition, or placing of something 布置，配置；处置 3  control or management (of a person, business, etc.) 管理(人；) 安排(事务等) 4 (esp. as 尤作 waste disposal)  the disposing of rubbish 垃圾处理 5 N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  a waste disposal unit 垃圾处理部门 □ at one's disposal   1  available for one's use 供某人使用 2  subject to one's orders or decisions 由某人支配；任某人处理■Usage 用法说明 Disposal is the noun corresponding to the verb dispose of ‘get rid of, deal with, etc.’. Disposition is the noun corresponding to dispose ‘arrange, incline’. 名词 disposal 相对应的动词是 dispose of, 意思是“摆脱，除去，处置等”；而名词 disposition 相对应的是 dispose ，意思是“安排，倾向”。 

dispose /diˈspəʊz/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  a  make willing; incline 使愿意；使有倾向  disposed him to the idea  使他有这个想法 was disposed to release them  想要释放他们b  have a tendency to 使易于  the wheel was disposed to buckle  车轮容易变形 2 tr.  place suitably or in order 排列；布置；整理  disposed the pictures in sequence  按顺序整理照片 3 tr. (as 作 disposed adj.)  having a specified mental inclination 有…倾向的 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : ill-disposed  易患病的 4 intr.  determine the course of events 控制(事态的发展；) (能)决定  man proposes, God disposes  谋事在人，成事在天 □ dispose of   1  a  deal with 处置b  get rid of 除掉c  finish 完成；结束d  kill 杀死 2  sell 卖掉 3  prove (a claim, an argument, an opponent, etc.) to be incorrect 驳倒(要求、论据、对手等) 4  consume (food) (食品)吃光；喝光□ disposer  n.   [Middle English from Old French disposer (as DIS-, POSE1), based on Latin disponere disposit-]

disposition /dispəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a natural tendency; an inclination; a person's temperament 性情；性格；意向；癖性  a happy disposition  性格快乐 a disposition to overeat  喜欢多吃 2  a  setting in order; arranging 排列；布置；配置b  the relative position of parts; an arrangement 布局；安置 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a Mil.  the stationing of troops ready for attack or defence 【军】部署b  preparations; plans 准备；计划 4  a  a bestowal by deed or will (契约或遗嘱形式的)赠与b  control; the power of disposing 控制；支配权；处理权 5  ordinance, dispensation 法令；条令； (财产的)处分权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dispositio (as DIS-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISPOSAL. 见 DISPOSAL 的用法说明。 

dispossess /dispəˈzes/ v. tr.  1  dislodge; oust (a person) 撵出；逐出(人) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  deprive 剥夺；夺去 □ dispossession  /-ˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French despossesser (as DIS-, POSSESS)]

dispraise /disˈpreiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  express disapproval or censure of 非难；指责 ●n.  disapproval, censure 非难；指责 [Middle English from Old French despreisier, ultimately from Late Latin depretiare DEPRECIATE]

disproof /disˈpru:f/ n.  1  something that disproves 反证物 2  a  refutation 反驳，驳斥b  an instance of this 反驳的证据

disproportion /disprəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a lack of proportion 不均衡；不成比例 2  an instance of this 不匀称的东西；不成比例的东西 □ disproportional  adj.  □ disproportionally  adv.  

disproportionate /disprəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  1  lacking proportion 不成比例的 2  relatively too large or small, long or short, etc. (大小、长短等)不成比例的；不相称的 □ disproportionately  adv.  □ disproportionateness  n.  

disprove /disˈpru:v/ v. tr.  prove false; refute 证明…为误；反驳，驳倒 □ disprovable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French desprover (as DIS-, PROVE)]

disputable /diˈspju:təb(ə)l, ˈdispjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  open to question; uncertain 有争辩余地的；可商榷的；不确定的 □ disputably  adv.   [French or from Latin disputabilis (as DISPUTE)]

disputation /dispju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n, -pjʊˈt-/ n.  1  a  disputing, debating 争论；讨论b  an argument; a controversy 争辩；论争 2  a formal debate 辩论 [Middle English from French disputation or Latin disputatio (as DISPUTE)]

disputatious /dispju:ˈteiʃəs, -pjʊˈt-/ adj.  fond of or inclined to argument 爱争论的；好辩的；引起争论的 □ disputatiously  adv.  □ disputatiousness  n.  

dispute v. & n. ●v. /diˈspju:t/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, against)  a  debate, argue 辩论，争论；争辩  was disputing with them about the meaning of life  和他们辩论生命的意义b  quarrel 争吵，吵架 2 tr.  discuss, esp. heatedly (尤指激烈地)讨论  disputed whether it was true  激烈争论其是否属实 3 tr.  question the truth or correctness or validity of (a statement, alleged fact, etc.) (对陈述或所谓事实的)质疑  I dispute that number  我对那个数字予以质疑 4 tr.  contend for; strive to win 争夺；力争  disputed the crown  争夺王位 disputed the field  争夺战场 5 tr.  resist (a landing, advance, etc.) 抵抗；阻止(登陆、前进等) ●n. /diˈspju:t, ˈdispju:t/  1  a controversy; a debate 论争；辩论 2  a quarrel 争吵 3  a disagreement between management and employees, esp. one leading to industrial action (尤指导致劳工行动的)劳资双方的争端 □ beyond (or past or without) dispute   certainly; indisputably 必定地；不容争辩地□ in dispute   1  being argued about 争论之中；尚未解决 2 Brit. (of a workforce) involved in industrial action [英] (员工)卷入劳工行动□ disputant  /-ˈspju:t(ə)nt/ n.  □ disputer  n.   [Middle English via Old French desputer from Latin disputare ‘estimate’ (as DIS-, putare ‘reckon’)]

disqualification /disˌkwɒlifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disqualifying; the state of being disqualified 无资格；取消资格 2  something that disqualifies 取消资格的缘由

disqualify /disˈkwɒlifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  debar from a competition or pronounce ineligible as a winner because of an infringement of the rules etc. (因违反规则等)使丧失资格，取消…的资格；使不合格  disqualified from the race for taking drugs  因服用兴奋剂而被取消参赛资格 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, from)  make or pronounce ineligible or unsuitable 使(宣布)不合格(无资格、不适合)  his age disqualifies him for the job  他的年龄不适合做这项工作 a criminal record disqualified him from applying  他因有犯罪纪录而不能申请 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  incapacitate legally; pronounce unqualified 使无资格；宣布…为无效  disqualified from practising as a doctor  取消作为开业医生的资格

disquiet /disˈkwaiət/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  deprive of peace; worry 使内心不平静；使烦恼 ●n.  anxiety; unrest 忧虑；不安 □ disquieting  adj.  □ disquietingly  adv.  

disquietude /disˈkwaiətju:d/ n.  a state of uneasiness; anxiety 不安；忧虑

disquisition /diskwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  a long or elaborate treatise or discourse on a subject (冗长的)专题论文；专题演讲 □ disquisitional  adj.   [French from Latin disquisitio (as DIS-, quaerere quaesit- ‘seek’)]

disrate /disˈreit/ v. tr. Naut.  reduce (a sailor) to a lower rating or rank 【海】降低(海员、水手的)等级

disregard /disriˈɡɑ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  pay no attention to; ignore 不理；漠视 2  treat as of no importance 轻视 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, for)  indifference; neglect 忽视，漠视 □ disregardful  adj.  □ disregardfully  adv.  

disrelish /disˈreliʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  dislike; distaste 不喜欢；讨厌；厌恶 ●v. tr.  regard with dislike or distaste 不喜欢；讨厌；厌恶

disremember /disriˈmembə/ v. tr. & intr. esp. US or dial.  fail to remember; forget [尤美方]忘记，忘却，忘怀

disrepair /disriˈpɛə/ n.  poor condition due to neglect 失修；破败  in disrepair  失修 in a state of disrepair  荒废

disreputable /disˈrepjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  of bad reputation; discreditable 声名狼藉的；不名誉的 2  not respectable in appearance; dirty, untidy 不体面的；肮脏的；破烂不堪的 □ disreputableness  n.  □ disreputably  adv.  

disrepute /disriˈpju:t/ n.  a lack of good reputation or respectability; discredit (esp. 尤用于 fall into disrepute 落得名誉扫地) 丧失名誉；坏名声；无信誉

disrespect /disriˈspekt/ n.  a lack of respect; discourtesy 失敬；无礼 □ disrespectful  adj.  □ disrespectfully  adv.  

disrobe /disˈrəʊb/ v. tr. & refl. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  divest (oneself or another) of a robe or a garment; undress 脱去(自己或他人的)衣服，使脱光 2  divest (oneself or another) of office, authority, etc. 解除(自己或他人的)公职(权力等)

disrupt /disˈrʌpt/ v. tr.  1  interrupt the flow or continuity of (a meeting, speech, etc.); bring disorder to 使(会议、发言等)中断；使陷于混乱 2  separate forcibly; shatter 使分裂；使瓦解 □ disrupter  n. (also 亦作 disruptor)  □ disruption  n.  □ disruptive  adj.  □ disruptively  adv.  □ disruptiveness  n.   [Latin disrumpere disrupt- (as DIS-, rumpere ‘break’)]

diss var.  of DIS  DIS 的变体

dissatisfy /di(s)ˈsætisfai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make discontented; fail to satisfy 使感觉不满；不满足  dissatisfied with the accommodation  对住宿不满 dissatisfied to find him gone  发现他已离去，甚为不满 □ dissatisfaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissatisfactory  /-ˈfækt(ə)ri/ adj.  □ dissatisfiedly  adv.  

dissect /diˈsekt, disp. [异议] dai-/ v. tr.  1  cut into pieces 使切成小块 2  cut up (a plant or animal) to examine its parts, structure, etc., or (a corpse) for a post-mortem 把(动、植物或尸体)解剖(检查其局部或结构等) 3  analyse; criticize or examine in detail 仔细分析；详细评论 □ dissection  n.  □ dissector  n.   [Latin dissecare dissect- (as DIS-, secare ‘cut’)]

dissemble /diˈsemb(ə)l/ v.  1 intr.  conceal one's motives; talk or act hypocritically 掩盖动机；言行虚伪 2 tr.  a  disguise or conceal (a feeling, intention, act, etc.) 隐藏，掩盖(感情、意图、行动等)b (as 作 dissembled adj.)  simulated, pretended 假装的；伪装的 □ dissemblance  n.  □ dissembler  n.  □ dissemblingly  adv.   [Middle English, alteration, suggested by semblance, of obsolete dissimule, via Old French dissimuler from Latin dissimulare (as DIS-, SIMULATE)]

disseminate /diˈsemineit/ v. tr.  scatter about, spread (esp. ideas) widely 散播；传播(尤指思想) □ dissemination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ disseminator  n.   [Latin disseminare (as DIS-, semen -inis ‘seed’)]

disseminated sclerosis  see 见 SCLEROSIS 2 

dissension /diˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  disagreement giving rise to discord 意见分歧；争执；争论；不和 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dissensio (as DIS-, sentire sens- ‘feel’)]

dissent /diˈsent/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  think differently, disagree; express disagreement 不同意，持异议 2  differ in religious opinion, esp. from the doctrine of an established or orthodox Church (宗教观点)不顺从(尤指不顺从国教、正教) ●n.  1  a  a difference of opinion 不同意见；异议b  an expression of this 意见分歧 2  the refusal to accept the doctrines of an established or orthodox Church; nonconformity 不顺从国教(或正教)；新教徒的教义 □ dissenting  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dissentire (as DIS-, sentire ‘feel’)]

dissenter /diˈsentə/ n.  1  a person who dissents 持异议者 2 (作 Dissenter) Brit.  a member of a non-established Church; a Nonconformist [英]不信奉国教者；不顺从国教徒的新教徒

dissentient /diˈsenʃiənt, -ʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  disagreeing with a majority or official view (对多数人或官方的意见)不赞成的；持异议的 ●n.  a person who dissents 不同意者；持异议者 [Latin dissentire (as DIS-, sentire ‘feel’)]

dissertation /disəˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a detailed discourse on a subject, esp. one submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a degree or diploma 专题论文(尤指学位论文) □ dissertational  adj.   [Latin dissertatio from dissertare ‘discuss’, frequentative of disserere dissert- ‘examine’ (as DIS-, serere ‘join’)]

disservice /di(s)ˈsɜ:vis/ n.  an ill turn; an injury, esp. done when trying to help 危害；损害(尤指帮倒忙)

dissever /di(s)ˈsevə/ v. tr. & intr.  sever; divide into parts (使)分离；分割；切开 □ disseverance  n.  □ disseverment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French dis(c)everer, Old French dessevrer from Late Latin disseparare (as DIS-, SEPARATE)]

dissidence /ˈdisid(ə)ns/ n.  disagreement; dissent (意见)不一致；异议 [French dissidence or Latin dissidentia (as DISSIDENT)]

dissident /ˈdisid(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  disagreeing, esp. with an established government, system, etc. (尤指与所建立的政府或设立的制度)持不同政见的 ●n.  a dissident person 持不同政见者 [French, or from Latin dissidēre ‘disagree’ (as DIS-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

dissimilar /diˈsimilə/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unlike, not similar 不同的；相异的 □ dissimilarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ dissimilarly  adv.  

dissimilate /diˈsimileit/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Phonet. 【语音】  1 tr.  change (a sound or sounds in a word) to another when the word originally had identical sounds near each other, as in cinnamon, originally cinnamom (使) (声音或单词的发音)异化 2 intr. (of a sound) be changed in this way (声音)异化 □ dissimilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissimilatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin dissimilis (as DIS-, similis ‘like’), on the pattern of assimilate]

dissimilitude /disiˈmilitju:d/ n.  unlikeness, dissimilarity 不同处，相异点 [Latin dissimilitudo (as DISSIMILATE)]

dissimulate /diˈsimjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  dissemble 掩饰；假装 □ dissimulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissimulator  n.   [Latin dissimulare (as DIS-, SIMULATE)]

dissipate /ˈdisipeit/ v.  1  a tr.  cause (a cloud, vapour, fear, darkness, etc.) to disappear or disperse 驱散；使(云、蒸气、恐惧、黑暗等)消散b intr.  disperse, scatter, disappear 散开，散布，消失 2 intr. & tr.  break up; bring or come to nothing 中断； (使)落空 , (使)成为泡影 3 tr.  squander or fritter away (money, energy, etc.) 浪费(精力；) 挥霍(钱财等) 4 intr. (as 作 dissipated adj.)  given to dissipation, dissolute 放荡的；浪荡的 □ dissipater  n.  □ dissipative  adj.  □ dissipator  n.   [Latin dissipare dissipat- (as DIS-, supare ‘throw’)]

dissipation /disiˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  intemperate, dissolute, or debauched living 放纵，放荡，生活糜烂 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  wasteful expenditure 浪费  dissipation of resources  资源浪费 3  scattering, dispersion, or disintegration 分散；散逸；瓦解 4  a frivolous amusement 轻薄的玩乐 [French dissipation or Latin dissipatio (as DISSIPATE)]

dissociate /diˈsəʊʃieit, -si-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  disconnect or become disconnected; separate 分离；使脱离；分开  dissociated her from their guilt  否认她和他们的罪行有关 2 tr. Chem.  decompose, esp. reversibly 【化】(尤指可逆性地)使离解 3 tr. Psychol.  cause (a person's mind) to develop more than one centre of consciousness 【心】使(某人心思)分裂(不集中) □ dissociate oneself from   1  declare oneself unconnected with 宣称与己无关 2  decline to support or agree with (a proposal etc.) (对提议等)不支持(或不同意)□ dissociative  /-ətiv/ adj.   [Latin dissociare (as DIS-, socius ‘companion’)]

dissociated personality n.  the pathological coexistence of two or more distinct personalities in the same person 分裂人格

dissociation /diˌsəʊʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dissociating 分离；离解；脱离关系 2 Psychol.  the state of suffering from dissociated personality 【心】解体；分裂

dissoluble /diˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be disintegrated, loosened, or disconnected; soluble 可分解的；可解除的；可溶解的 □ dissolubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ dissolubly  adv.   [French dissoluble or Latin dissolubilis (as DIS-, SOLUBLE)]

dissolute /ˈdisəlu:t/ adj.  lax in morals; licentious 放荡的；好色的 □ dissolutely  adv.  □ dissoluteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin dissolutus, past part. of dissolvere DISSOLVE]

dissolution /disəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  disintegration; decomposition 溶解；瓦解；分解 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后接 of)  the undoing or relaxing of a bond, esp. a marriage, a partnership, or an alliance (契约，尤指婚姻、合作关系、联盟的)取消，解除 3  the dismissal or dispersal of an assembly, esp. of a parliament at the end of its term (尤指议会在任期届满后的)解散 4  death 死亡 5  bringing or coming to an end; fading away; disappearance 终止，终结；衰落；消失 6  dissipation; debauchery 挥霍；放荡 [Middle English from Old French dissolution or Latin dissolutio (as DISSOLVE)]

dissolve /diˈzɒlv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  incorporate or become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution 溶解 2 intr. & tr.  disappear or cause to disappear gradually 消失；使逐渐消失 3  a tr.  dismiss or disperse (an assembly, esp. Parliament) (集会，尤指议会的)解散b intr. (of an assembly) be dissolved (cf. 参见 DISSOLUTION 3) (集会)解散 4 tr.  annul or put an end to (a partnership, marriage, etc.) (合作关系、婚姻等的)废止，解除，终结 5 intr. (of a person) become enfeebled or emotionally overcome (人)软化；被感动  completely dissolved when he saw her  他一见到她就不能自已 dissolved into tears  感动得泪流满面 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into) Cinematog.  change gradually (from one picture into another) 【电影】(从一个画面逐渐入另一画面)叠化；淡入淡出 ●n. Cinematog.  the act or process of dissolving a picture 【电影】(画面的)叠化；淡入淡出 □ dissolvable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin dissolvere dissolut- (as DIS-, solvere ‘loosen’)]

dissolvent /diˈzɒlv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to dissolve or dissipate 有溶解力的；可溶解的 ●n.  a dissolvent substance 溶剂 [Latin dissolvere (as DISSOLVE)]

dissonant /ˈdis(ə)nənt/ adj.  1 Mus.  harsh-toned; inharmonious 【音】刺耳的；不协和的 2  incongruous; clashing 不协调的；倾轧 □ dissonance  n.  □ dissonantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French dissonant or Latin dissonare (as DIS-, sonare ‘sound’)]

dissuade /diˈsweid/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  discourage (a person); persuade against 阻止(某人)；劝阻  dissuaded him from continuing  劝阻他别再继续下去 was dissuaded from his belief  劝他改变信仰 □ dissuader  n.  □ dissuasion  /-ˈsweiʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ dissuasive  /-ˈsweisiv/ adj.   [Latin dissuadēre (as DIS-, suadēre suas- ‘persuade’)]

dissyllable var.  of DISYLLABLE  DISYLLABLE 的变体

dissymmetry /diˈsimitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  lack of symmetry 不对称；不匀称b  an instance of this 不对称(或不匀称)的实例 2  symmetry as of mirror images or the left and right hands (esp. of crystals with two corresponding forms) (镜面内外、左右手，尤指对应形态晶体的)两面(左右)对称；反向对称 □ dissymmetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  

distaff /ˈdistɑ:f/ n.  1  a  a cleft stick holding wool or flax wound for spinning by hand (手工用来卷羊毛和亚麻的)卷线杆b  the corresponding part of a spinning wheel (手纺车上相应的)卷线部件 2  women's work 女红；针线活；女人做的工作 [Old English distœf (as STAFF1), the first element being apparently related to Low German diesse, Middle Low German dise(ne) ‘bunch of flax’]

distaff side n.  the female side or members of a family etc. (opp. 反义 SPEAR SIDE) (家族的)女系；(家庭中的)女方；母系

distal /ˈdist(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  situated away from the centre of the body or point of attachment (opp. 反义 PROXIMAL) 【解】末梢的，末端的 □ distally  adv.   [DISTANT + -AL]

distance /ˈdist(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the condition of being far off; remoteness 远(离)；遥远 2  a  a space or interval between two things 间隔，间距b  the length of this 距离  a distance of twenty miles  距离为 20 英里 3  a distant point or place 远处；远方  came from a distance  来自远方 4  the avoidance of familiarity; aloofness; reserve 疏远；冷淡；隔阂  there was a certain distance between them  他们之间有点隔阂 5  a remoter field of vision 远景  saw him in the distance  看他在很远的那边 6  an interval of time (时间)间隔  can't remember what happened at this distance  记不起在这段时间里发生的事情 7  a  the full length of a race etc. (赛跑等的)全程b Brit. Racing  a length of 240 yards from the winning post on a racecourse [英]【赛马】跑马终点线前 240 码处c Boxing  the scheduled length of a fight 【拳击】(规定的)比赛持续时间 ●v. tr. (often 常作 refl.)  1  place far off 使远离  distanced herself from them  她使自己远离他们 distanced the painful memory  把痛苦的回忆置之度外 2  leave far behind in a race or competition (赛跑或竞赛中)把…远远甩在后面；遥遥领先 □ at a distance   far off 有相当一段距离；不很近□ go the distance   1 Boxing  complete a fight without being knocked out 【拳击】(拳击中未被击倒而)赛足回合 2  complete, esp. a hard task; endure an ordeal 成功地完成(尤指艰巨的)任务；自始至终地坚持□ keep one's distance   maintain one's reserve 保持冷淡；保持疏远□ within hailing (or walking) distance   near enough to reach by hailing or walking 在附近；在很近 [Middle English via Old French distance, destance from Latin distantia, from distare ‘stand apart’ (as DI-2, stare ‘stand’)]

distance learning n.  education by correspondence course or from broadcasts, telephone tutorials, etc. (通过广播、电话辅导等的)远程教育

distance post n.  a post at the distance on a racecourse, used to disqualify runners who have not reached it by the end of the race (跑马赛时用的)合格段标志杆

distance runner n.  an athlete who competes in long- or middle-distance races (中)长跑运动员

distant /ˈdist(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  far away in space or time 远的；久远的b (usu. 通常作 predic.; often foll. by 常后跟 from)  at a specified distance 有一段距离的  three miles distant from them  离他们 3 英里 2  remote or far apart in position, time, resemblance, etc. (地点、时间、相似程度等)远隔的；久远的；隐约的  a distant prospect  远景 a distant relation  远房亲戚 a distant likeness  约略相似 3  not intimate; reserved; cool 疏远的；拘谨缄默的；冷淡的  a distant nod  不太热情的点头 4  remote; abstracted 远方的；心不在焉的，出神的  a distant stare  出神的凝视 5  faint, vague 模糊的；朦胧的  he was a distant memory to her  她模糊地还记起他 □ distantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French distant or Latin distant-, part. stem of distare: see DISTANCE]

distant early warning n.  a radar system in North America for the early detection of a missile attack (北美探测导弹攻击的)远程预警

distant signal n. Brit.  a railway signal preceding a home signal to give warning [英]远距信号；预告信号

distaste /disˈteist/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  dislike; repugnance; aversion, esp. slight 讨厌；厌恶(尤指轻蔑)  a distaste for prunes  讨厌梅干 a distaste for polite company  不喜欢过于讲究礼貌的伙伴 □ distasteful  adj.  □ distastefully  adv.  □ distastefulness  n.  

distemper1 /diˈstempə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a kind of paint using glue or size instead of an oil-base, for use on walls or for scene-painting [英] (壁画或绘景用的)胶画颜料 2  a method of mural and poster painting using this 胶画(法) ●v. tr. Brit.  paint (walls etc.) with distemper [英]用胶画颜料涂(墙壁等) [earlier as verb, in the sense ‘dilute, steep’: from Old French destremper or Late Latin distemperare ‘soak, macerate’: see DISTEMPER2]

distemper2 /diˈstempə/ n.  1  a viral disease of some animals, esp. dogs, causing fever, coughing, and catarrh (尤指)瘟热 2 archaic  political disorder [古义] (政治)动乱 [earlier as verb, in the sense ‘upset, derange’: Middle English from Late Latin distemperare (as DIS-, temperare ‘mingle correctly’)]

distend /diˈstend/ v. tr. & intr.  swell out by pressure from within (使)膨胀； (使)扩张  distended stomach  肿胀的胃 □ distensible  /-ˈstensib(ə)l/ adj.  □ distensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ distension  /-ˈstenʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin distendere (as DIS-, tendere tens- ‘stretch’)]

distich /ˈdistik/ n. Prosody  a pair of verse lines; a couplet 【诗体】押韵对句；对联 [Latin distichon from Greek distikhon (as DI-1, stikhos ‘line’)]

distichous /ˈdistikəs/ adj. Bot.  arranged in two opposite vertical rows 【植】二列的；两列的 [Latin distichus (as DISTICH)]

distil /diˈstil/ v. (US [美] distill) (distilled, distilling)  1 tr. Chem.  purify (a liquid) by vaporizing it with heat, then condensing it with cold and collecting the resulting liquid 【化】蒸馏(液体) 2 tr.  a Chem.  extract the essence of (a plant etc.) usu. by heating it in a solvent 【化】提取(植物等的)精华(通常加热溶剂取得)b  extract the essential meaning or implications of (an idea etc.) 将(思想、想法等)加以提炼；浓缩 3 tr.  make (whisky, essence, etc.) by distilling raw materials 用蒸馏法制(威士忌酒、香精等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out) Chem.  drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by heat 【化】加热去除(挥发性物质) 5 tr. & intr.  come as or give forth in drops; exude (使)滴下； (使)渗出 6 intr.  undergo distillation 蒸馏 □ distillatory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin distillare, from destillare (as DE-, stilla ‘drop’)]

distillate /ˈdistileit/ n.  a product of distillation 馏出物；馏出液；蒸馏液

distillation /distiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of distilling or being distilled (in various senses) (各种释义的)蒸馏(过程) 2  something distilled 蒸馏物

distiller /diˈstilə/ n.  a person who distils, esp. a manufacturer of alcoholic liquor (采用蒸馏法的)蒸馏者(尤指酿酒者或酿酒厂)

distillery /diˈstiləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where alcoholic liquor is distilled 蒸馏室；酿酒厂

distinct /diˈstiŋ(k)t/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a  not identical; separate; individual 有区别的；各别的；单独的b  different in kind or quality; unlike 不同种类(或性质)的；不像的 2  a  clearly perceptible; plain 明显的；清晰的b  clearly understandable; definite 明白易懂的；肯定的 3  unmistakable, decided 明确无误的；明确的  had a distinct impression of being watched  确有一种被注目的印象 □ distinctly  adv.  □ distinctness  n.   [Middle English from Latin distinctus, past part. of distinguere DISTINGUISH]■Usage 用法说明 Distinct is sometimes confused with distinctive. Note the difference in sense between There was a distinct smell of soap in the bathroom (an unmistakable, clearly perceptible smell), The hall had its own distinctive smell of polish (a characteristic smell). Distinct 有时常与 distinctive 相混。注意以下两句释义中的不同 : There was a distinct smell of soap in the bathroom (浴室里有一股明显的肥皂味) (一种能明显觉察到而不会搞错的味道)。 The hall had its own distinctive smell of polish (大厅里有一股特殊的清漆味) (一股独特的味道)。 

distinction /diˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of discriminating or distinguishing 区别；区分；分清b  the difference made by distinguishing 差别；不同 2  a  something that differentiates, e.g. a mark, name, or title 不同点；特征；特性(如记号、姓名或称号)b  the fact of being different (事实上的)不同 3  special consideration or honour 殊勋，殊荣 4  distinguished character; excellence; eminence 卓越性；优秀；杰出  a film of distinction  优秀影片 shows distinction in his bearing  显示出他风度翩翩 5  a grade in an examination denoting great excellence 优良，优秀  passed with distinction  以优异成绩通过考试 □ distinction without a difference   a merely nominal or artificial distinction 名义上的区别；人为的区别 [Middle English via Old French from Latin distinctio -onis (as DISTINGUISH)]

distinctive /diˈstiŋ(k)tiv/ adj.  distinguishing, characteristic 与众不同的；有特色的 □ distinctively  adv.  □ distinctiveness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DISTINCT. 见 DISTINCT 的用法说明。 

distinguish /diˈstiŋɡwiʃ/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a  see or point out the difference of; draw distinctions between 区别；辨别，分清  cannot distinguish one from the other  彼此不能分辨b  constitute such a difference 辨认出；认出  the mole distinguishes him from his twin  凭这颗痣能从这双胞胎中认出他来c  treat as different; differentiate 有别于；区分  do not distinguish the mind from the body  不要将精神区别于躯体 2 tr.  be a mark or property of; characterize 显出…的特征(或特性)；使具有特色  distinguished by his greed  他因贪婪而出名 3 tr.  discover by listening, looking, etc. (通过听、看等)听出；看清  could distinguish two voices  能听出两种嗓音 4 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 by)  make prominent or noteworthy 使杰出；使著名  distinguished himself by winning first prize  他因获头奖而扬名 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  divide; classify 分类；归类 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 between)  make or point out a difference between 得出(指出)之间的差异 □ distinguishable  adj.   [French distinguer or Latin distinguere (as DIS-, stinguere stinct- ‘extinguish’): cf. EXTINGUISH]

distinguished /diˈstiŋɡwiʃt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, by)  of high standing; eminent; famous 显赫的；卓著的；著名的 2  = DISTINGUÉ 

distingué /diˈstæŋɡei, 法 distɛ˜ɡe/ adj. (fem. distinguée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  having a distinguished air, features, manner, etc. (气派、容貌、举止等)高雅的；雍容华贵的 [French, past part. of distinguer: see DISTINGUISH]

distort /diˈstɔ:t/ v. tr.  1  a  put out of shape; make crooked or unshapely 扭歪；扭曲；使变形b  distort the appearance of, esp. by curved mirrors etc. (尤指哈哈镜等使容貌)歪扭 2  misrepresent (motives, facts, statements, etc.) 歪曲，曲解(动机、事实、声明等) 3  change the form of (an electrical signal) during transmission, amplification, etc. (使电信号在传送、放大等过程中)畸变，使失真 □ distortedly  adv.  □ distortedness  n.   [Latin distorquēre distort- (as DIS-, torquēre ‘twist’)]

distortion /diˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of distorting; the process of being distorted 扭曲；变形；曲解 2 Electronics  a change in the form of a signal during transmission etc. usu. with some impairment of quality 【电子学】(电子信号在传送等过程中的)畸变，失真(通常质量受损) □ distortional  adj.  □ distortionless  adj.   [Latin distortio (as DISTORT)]

distract /diˈstrækt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  draw away the attention of (a person, the mind, etc.) 转移(人的)注意力；分散(思想等) 2  bewilder, perplex 使迷惑；使困惑 3 (as 作 distracted adj.)  troubled or distraught 麻烦的；烦恼的；心烦意乱的  distracted by grief  被悲伤所折磨 distracted with worry  为忧虑所心神烦乱 4  amuse, esp. in order to take the attention from pain or worry 使快乐(尤指为转移疼痛或烦恼) □ distractedly  adv.  □ distractor  n.   [Middle English from Latin distrahere distract- (as DIS-, trahere ‘draw’)]

distraction /diˈstrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of distracting, esp. the mind (尤指思想)不集中，分心b  something that distracts; an interruption 分心的事；打扰 2  a relaxation from work; an amusement 放松；娱乐 3  a lack of concentration 注意力分散 4  confusion; perplexity 混乱；困惑 5  frenzy; madness 疯狂；精神错乱 □ to distraction   almost to a state of madness 到疯狂地步；到不可忍受的地步 [Middle English from Old French distraction or Latin distractio (as DISTRACT)]

distrain /diˈstrein/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon) Law  impose distraint (on a person, goods, etc.) 【法律】扣押(债务人的财物) □ distrainer  n.  □ distrainment  n.  □ distrainor  n.   [Middle English via Old French destreindre from Latin distringere (as DIS-, stringere strict- ‘draw tight’)]

distraint /diˈstreint/ n. Law  the seizure of chattels to make a person pay rent etc. or meet an obligation, or to obtain satisfaction by their sale 【法律】(为偿还租金等)扣押财物；扣押 [DISTRAIN, on the pattern of constraint]

distrait /diˈstrei, ˈdistrei/ adj. (fem. distraite /-ˈstreit/)  not paying attention; absent-minded; distraught 心不在焉的；精神恍惚的；心烦意乱的 [Middle English from Old French destrait, past part. of destraire (as DISTRACT)]

distraught /diˈstrɔ:t/ adj.  distracted with worry, fear, etc.; extremely agitated (因忧虑、恐惧等)心烦意乱的；极其烦恼的 [Middle English, alteration of obsolete distract (adj.) (as DISTRACT), influenced by straught, obsolete past part. of STRETCH]

distress /diˈstres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  severe pain, sorrow, anguish, etc. 痛苦；悲痛；悲伤(苦闷等) 2  the lack of money or comforts 贫困；困苦 3 Law 【法律】  = DISTRAINT  4  breathlessness; exhaustion 气绝；筋疲力尽 ●v. tr.  1  subject to distress; exhaust, afflict 使悲伤；使精疲力竭；使苦恼 2  cause anxiety to; make unhappy; vex 使忧虑；使不幸；使烦恼 □ in distress   1  suffering or in danger 处于危险(或困难)之中 2 (of a ship, aircraft, etc.) in danger or damaged (船只、飞机等)遇难；失事□ distressful  adj.  □ distressingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French destresse etc., Anglo-French destresser, Old French -ecier from Gallo-Roman (as DISTRAIN)]

distressed /diˈstrest/ adj.  1  suffering from distress 悲伤的 2  impoverished 穷困的  distressed gentlefolk  出身名门而穷困潦倒的人 in distressed circumstances  穷困境遇 3 (of furniture, leather, etc.) having simulated marks of age and wear (家具、皮革等)故意磨损的，使具古风的

distressed area n.  a region of high unemployment and poverty (失业严重或生活贫困的)困难地区

distress signal n.  a signal from a ship in danger 遇难信号

distress warrant n.  a warrant authorizing distraint 扣押财物令

distributary /diˈstribjʊt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a branch of a river or glacier that does not return to the main stream after leaving it (as in a delta) (如三角洲的)分流；支流

distribute /diˈstribju:t, disp. [异议] ˈdistribju:t/ v. tr.  1  give shares of; deal out 分发；分配；分送 2  spread about; scatter 使分布；散布  distributed the seeds evenly over the garden  在园子里均匀撒种 3  divide into parts; arrange; classify 分开；配给；分类 4 Printing  separate (type that has been set up) and return the characters to their separate boxes 【印刷】(拆已排好版的活字)还字 5 Logic  use (a term) to include every individual of the class to which it refers 【逻辑学】(项)周延 □ distributable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin distribuere distribut- (as DIS-, tribuere ‘assign’)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 一些人认为所给的第二种发音，即将重音放在第一个音节上，是不正确的。 

distributed system n.  a number of independent computers linked by a network 分布式(型)系统

distribution /distriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of distributing; the process of being distributed 分发；分配；分送 2 Econ. 【经】  a  the dispersal of goods etc. among consumers, brought about by commerce (商品等的)销售；推销b  the extent to which different groups, classes, or individuals share in the total production or wealth of a community 分布(不同群体、阶层或个人占社团生产总值或总财富的程度) 3 Statistics  the way in which a characteristic is spread over members of a class 【统计学】(某一阶层人员特性的)分布；分配 □ distributional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French distribution or Latin distributio (as DISTRIBUTE)]

distributive /diˈstribjʊtiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, concerned with, or produced by distribution 分发的；分配的；分送的 2 Logic & Gram. (of a pronoun etc.) referring to each individual of a class, not to the class collectively (e.g. each, either) 【逻辑学】【语法】周延的； (代词等)分配的(如 each, either)；分布的 ●n. Gram.  a distributive word 【语法】分配词 □ distributively  adv.   [Middle English from French distributif -ive or Late Latin distributivus (as DISTRIBUTE)]

distributor /diˈstribjʊtə/ n.  1  a person or thing that distributes 分发者；分配者；分送者；散布器 2  an agent who supplies goods 销售者；批发商 3 Electr.  a device in an internal-combustion engine for passing current to each spark plug in turn 【电】分配器；配电器

district /ˈdistrikt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a territory marked off for special administrative etc. purposes (具有特别行政等目的的)区；管区；行政区b Brit.  a division of a county or region electing its own councillors [英]行政区(或众议院)选区 2  an area which has common characteristics; a region 地区；区域  the wine-growing district  葡萄酒生产区 ●v. tr. US  divide into districts [美]把…划分成区 [French from medieval Latin districtus ‘(territory of) jurisdiction’ (as DISTRAIN)]

district attorney n. (in the US) the prosecuting officer of a district (美国)地方检察官

district court n. (in the US) the federal or state court of first instance (美国)联邦地方法院；州地方法院

district heating n.  a supply of heat or hot water from one source to a district or a group of buildings 分区供暖

district nurse n. Brit.  a peripatetic nurse serving a rural or urban area [英] (在乡村区或市郊区)巡回服务护士

district visitor n. Brit.  a person working for a member of the clergy in a section of a parish [英]教区长助理

distrust /disˈtrʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  a lack of trust; doubt; suspicion 不信任；怀疑；猜疑 ●v. tr.  have no trust or confidence in; doubt 不相信；不信任；怀疑 □ distruster  n.  □ distrustful  adj.  □ distrustfully  adv.  

disturb /diˈstɜ:b/ v. tr.  1  break the rest, calm, or quiet of; interrupt 搅乱，滋扰；中断 2  agitate; worry 使狂躁不安；使烦恼  your story disturbs me  你的故事令我心烦意乱 3  move from a settled position, disarrange 搞乱；弄乱  the papers had been disturbed  文件给弄乱了 4 (as 作 disturbed adj.) Psychol.  emotionally or mentally unstable or abnormal 【心】有精神病的；心理不正常的 □ disturber  n.  □ disturbing  adj.  □ disturbingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French desto(u)rber from Latin disturbare (as DIS-, turbare from turba ‘tumult’)]

disturbance /diˈstɜ:b(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of disturbing; the process of being disturbed 滋扰；动乱 2  a tumult; an uproar 骚乱；喧嚣 3  agitation; worry 烦恼；忧虑 4  an interruption 打扰；中断 5 Law  interference with rights or property; molestation 【法律】(对权利、财产的)侵犯；骚扰 [Middle English from Old French desto(u)rbance (as DISTURB)]

disulphide /daiˈsʌlfaid/ n. (US [美] disulfide) Chem.  a binary chemical containing two atoms of sulphur in each molecule 【化】二硫化物

disunion /disˈju:njən, -iən/ n.  a lack of union; separation; dissension 不统一；分裂；分离 □ disunite  /-ˈnait/ v. tr. & intr.  □ disunity  n.  

disuse n. & v. ●n. /disˈju:s/  1  lack of use or practice; discontinuance 废弃；不用；废止 2  a disused state 搁置 ●v. tr. /disˈju:z/  cease to use 停止使用 □ fall into disuse   cease to be used 废弃 [Middle English from Old French desuser (as DIS-, USE)]

disutility /disju:ˈtiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  harmfulness, injuriousness 伤害；有害 2  a factor tending to nullify the utility of something; a drawback 不便因素；不利因素；挫折

disyllable /daiˈsiləb(ə)l, di-, ˈdaisil-/ n. (also 亦作 dissyllable /diˈsil-/) Prosody  a word or metrical foot of two syllables 【诗体】双音节词；双音节韵步 □ disyllabic  /-ˈlæbik/ adj.   [French disyllabe via Latin disyllabus from Greek disullabos (as DI-1, SYLLABLE)]

dit /dit/ n. (in the Morse system 在莫尔斯电码中)  = DOT1n. 3 (cf. 参见 DAH)  [imitative]

ditch /ditʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow excavated channel esp. for drainage or to mark a boundary (尤指排水或标识界线的)沟渠；壕沟 2  a watercourse, stream, etc. 水道；渠道(水沟等) ●v.  1 intr.  make or repair ditches 开沟；筑渠；修渠  hedging and ditching  筑篱修渠 2 tr.  provide with ditches; drain 开渠；使排水 3 tr. colloq.  leave in the lurch; abandon [口]抛弃；丢弃 4 tr. colloq. [口]  a  bring (an aircraft) down on the sea in an emergency 使(出故障的飞机)在海面上迫降b  drive (a vehicle) into a ditch 把(汽车)驶入沟中 5 intr. colloq. (of an aircraft) make a forced landing on the sea [口] (飞机在海上)迫降 6 tr. US  derail (a train) [美]使(火车)脱轨 □ ditcher  n.   [Old English dīc, of unknown origin: cf. DYKE1]

ditchwater /ˈditʃwɔ:tə/ n.  stagnant water in a ditch 沟中的死水 □ dull as ditchwater   extremely dull 极其单调乏味

ditheism /ˈdaiθiiz(ə)m/ n. Theol. 【神】  1  a belief in two gods; dualism 二神论；二元论 2  a belief in equal independent ruling principles of good and evil 善恶二神(元)论 □ ditheist  n.  

dither /ˈdiðə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  hesitate; be indecisive 犹豫；踌躇 2 dial.  tremble; quiver [方]战栗；颤抖 ●n. colloq. [口]  1  a state of agitation or apprehension 慌乱，紧张；焦虑；恐惧 2  a state of hesitation; indecisiveness 犹豫；踌躇 □ all of a dither  colloq.  in a state of extreme agitation or vacillation [口]极其焦虑，游移不定□ ditherer  n.  □ dithery  adj.   [variant of dialect didder related to DODDER1]

dithyramb /ˈdiθiræm(b)/ n.  1  a  a wild choral hymn in ancient Greece, esp. to Dionysus (尤指对酒神狄俄尼索斯)赞美酒神的合唱诗(或赞歌)b  a Bacchanalian song 酒神节赞歌 2  a passionate or inflated poem, speech, etc. 热情洋溢的诗歌(演讲等) □ dithyrambic  /-ˈræmbik/ adj.   [Latin dithyrambus from Greek dithurambos, of unknown origin]

ditsy var.  of DITZY  DITZY 的变体

dittany /ˈditəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a (in full 全称 dittany of Crete)  a dwarf shrub, Origanum dictamnus (mint family), with woolly leaves 克里特白鲜，白鲜状牛至(白鲜属植物，一种矮小灌木)b US  a similar herb, Cunila origanoides [美]马里兰白鲜，岩薄荷 2  = FRAXINELLA  [Middle English via Old French dita(i)n, medieval Latin dictamus, and Latin dictamnus from Greek diktamnon, perhaps from Diktē, the name of a mountain in Crete]

ditto /ˈditəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (in accounts, inventories, lists, etc.) the aforesaid, the same (在账目、报表、清单等上)同上；同前；上述(或前述)的人(或物) 2 colloq. (replacing a word or phrase to avoid repetition) the same [口]同样(替代一个词或短语以避免重复)  came in late last night and ditto the night before  昨晚迟到，前天晚上亦然 3  a similar thing; a duplicate 副本；复制品 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  repeat (another's action or words) 重复(他人的言或行) □ say ditto to  colloq.  agree with; endorse [口]同意；赞成 [Italian dialect from Latin dictus, past part. of dicere ‘say’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, the word ditto is often replaced by ditto marks under the word or sum to be repeated. 当 ditto 用于释义 1 时，人们经常在所重复的词或数字下加表示“同上”的标记来取代 ditto 。 

dittography /diˈtɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a copyist's mistaken repetition of a letter, word, or phrase (在书写中因疏忽而造成的)重复的词语(字母) 2  an example of this 词语(或字母)的重复 □ dittographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek dittos ‘double’ + -GRAPHY]

ditto marks n. pl.  two commas (, ,) etc. representing ‘ditto’ , , (两个逗号等表示同上的符号)

ditty /ˈditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a short simple song 小调；小曲；歌谣 [Middle English via Old French dité ‘composition’ from Latin dictatum, neut. past part. of dictare DICTATE]

ditty bag /ˈditi/ n. (also 亦作 ditty box)  a sailor's or fisherman's receptacle for odds and ends (水手或渔民出海时随身携带的)日用杂品袋，针线包 [19th c.: origin unknown]

ditzy /ˈditsi/ adj. (also 亦作 ditsy) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  a  silly or foolish 愚蠢的；傻的b  conceited 自负的，自高自大的 2  cute 精巧的；(聪明)伶俐的 3 (of a thing) fussy, intricate (事物)过分装饰的；复杂的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

diuresis /daijʊ(ə)ˈri:sis/ n. Med.  increased excretion of urine, esp. in excess 【医】利尿(尤指排尿增多) [modern Latin from Greek (as DI-3, ourēsis ‘urination’)]

diuretic /daijʊ(ə)ˈretik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing increased output of urine 利尿的 ●n.  a diuretic drug 利尿药 [Middle English via Old French diuretique or Late Latin diureticus from Greek diourētikos, from dioureō ‘urinate’]

diurnal /daiˈɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or during the day; not nocturnal 日间的；昼间的 2  daily; of each day 每日的；日常的 3 Astron.  occupying one day 【天】周日的 4 Zool. (of animals) active in the daytime 【动】(动物)日间活动的；昼行性的 5 Bot. (of plants) open only during the day 【植】(植物)昼开夜闭的 □ diurnally  adv.   [Middle English via Late Latin diurnalis from Latin diurnus, from dies ‘day’]

Div. abbr. [缩略]  Division 

diva /ˈdi:və/ n. (pl. divas)  a great or famous woman singer; a prima donna 出众的女歌唱家；(歌剧中的)女主角 [Italian from Latin, = goddess]

divagate /ˈdaivəɡeit/ v. intr. literary  stray; digress [文学用语]漫游，漂泊游荡；离题 □ divagation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin divagari (as DI-2, vagari ‘wander’)]

divalent /daiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of two 【化】二价的

divan /diˈvæn, daiˈvæn, ˈdaivæn/ n.  1  a  a long, low, backless sofa (无靠背的)长沙发b  a bed consisting of a base and mattress, usu. with no board at either end (两头无挡板只有底座和垫子的)沙发床 2  an oriental State legislative body, council chamber, or court of justice (东方国家的)国务院；枢密院；法庭，法院 3 archaic [古义]  a  a cigar shop 雪茄烟店b  a smoking room attached to such a shop (雪茄烟店的)吸烟室 [French divan or Italian divano via Turkish dīvɑˉn and Arabic dīwɑˉn from Persian dīvɑˉn ‘anthology, register, court, bench’]

divaricate /daiˈværikeit, di-/ v. intr.  diverge, branch; separate widely 分(为两)叉；叉开 □ divaricate  /-kət/ adj.  □ divarication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin divaricare (as DI-2, varicus ‘straddling’)]

dive /daiv/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. dived or US also [美亦] dove /dəʊv/)  1 intr.  plunge head first into water, esp. as a sport (头先下水地)跳水(尤作为一种运动) 2 intr.  a Aeron. (of an aircraft) plunge steeply downwards at speed 【空】(飞机)俯冲b Naut. (of a submarine) submerge 【海】(潜水艇)潜水c (of a person) plunge downwards (人)下潜 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) colloq. [口]  a  put one's hand into (a pocket, handbag, container, etc.) quickly and deeply 突伸(突然把手伸进衣袋、手提包、容器等)b  occupy oneself suddenly and enthusiastically with (a subject, meal, etc.) (对某学科)全身心地投入，潜心钻研；探究(膳食等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  plunge (a hand etc.) into 把(手等)突然伸入 ●n.  1  an act of diving; a plunge 潜水；俯冲 2  a  the submerging of a submarine (潜水艇)下潜b  the steep descent of an aircraft (飞机)俯冲 3  a sudden darting movement 扑，冲 4 colloq.  a disreputable nightclub etc.; a drinking den [口]低级夜总会(低级酒馆等)  found themselves in a low dive  他们不觉来到了一家低级夜总会 5 Boxing slang  a pretended knockout 【拳击】[俚语]假装被击倒，佯倒  took a dive in the second round  在第二回合中假装被击倒 □ dive in  colloq. [口]  help oneself (to food) 自己吃(食物) [Old English dūfan (v. intr.) ‘dive, sink’, and dyˉfan (v. tr.) ‘immerse’, from Germanic: related to DEEP, DIP]

dive-bomb v. tr.  bomb (a target) while diving in an aircraft 俯冲轰炸(目标) □ dive-bomber  n.  

diver /ˈdaivə/ n.  1  a person who dives 跳水者 2  a  a person who wears a diving suit to work under water for long periods 潜水员b  a pearl-diver etc. 潜水采珠者(摸珠者等) 3  any large waterbird of the family Gaviidae, with a straight, sharply pointed bill ; also called 亦称作 LOON 潜鸟；潜鸟科水鸟

diverge /daiˈvɜ:dʒ, di-/ v.  1 intr.  a  proceed in a different direction or in different directions from a point 分出；分散  diverging rays  散射光线 the path diverges here  道路在此分岔b  take a different course or different courses 分歧；相异；分叉  their interests diverged  他们兴趣相异 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  depart from a set course 偏离；背离  diverged from the track  偏离轨道 diverged from his parents' wishes  背离他父母的愿望b  differ markedly 大不相同  they diverged as to the best course  他们在最佳路线上意见迥然不同 3 tr.  cause to diverge; deflect 使偏离；使转向 4 intr. Math. (of a series) increase indefinitely as more of its terms are added 【数】(级数)发散 [medieval Latin divergere (as DI-2, Latin vergere ‘incline’)]

divergent /daiˈvɜ:dʒ(ə)nt, di-/ adj.  1  diverging 分歧的；相异的 2 Psychol. (of thought) tending to reach a variety of possible solutions when analysing a problem 【心】(思维)发散性的，求异的 3 Math. (of a series) increasing indefinitely as more of its terms are added; not convergent 【数】(级数)发散的 □ divergence  n.  □ divergency  n.  □ divergently  adv.  

divers /ˈdaivəz/ adj. archaic or literary  more than one; sundry; several [古义] [文学用语]种种的；各式各样的；好几个的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin diversus DIVERSE (as DI-2, versus, past part. of vertere ‘turn’)]

diverse /daiˈvɜ:s, ˈdaivɜ:s/ adj.  unlike in nature or qualities; varied 不同的；相异的 □ diversely  adv.   [Middle English (as DIVERS)]

diversify /daiˈvɜ:sifai, di-/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  make diverse; vary; modify 使多样化；使不同；使改变 2 tr. Commerce 【商业】  a  spread (investment) over several enterprises or products, esp. to reduce the risk of loss (尤指为减少风险而)把(资金)分投在几家公司(或几种产品)b  introduce a spread of investment in (an enterprise etc.) (在企业等)分散投资 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into) esp. Commerce (of a firm etc.) expand the range of products handled (尤)【商业】(公司等)增加产品种类；从事多种经营 □ diversification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French diversifier from medieval Latin diversificare (as DIVERS)]

diversion /daiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n, di-/ n.  1  a  the act of diverting; deviation 转向；转移，偏离b  an instance of this 转向；偏离 2  a  the diverting of attention deliberately 故意转移注意力b  a stratagem for this purpose 声东击西；掩护  created a diversion to secure their escape  打了个掩护使他们安全逃走 3  a recreation or pastime 娱乐，消遣 4 Brit.  an alternative route when a road is temporarily closed to traffic [英] (当道路临时被关闭时供交通用的)临时通道(支路) □ diversional  adj.  □ diversionary  adj.   [Late Latin diversio (as DIVERT)]

diversionist /daiˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)nist, di-/ n.  1  a person who engages in disruptive or subversive activities 阴谋破坏(或搞颠覆)者 2 Polit.  a conspirator against the State; a saboteur 【政】从事阴谋活动反对国家者；异端分子

diversity /daiˈvɜ:siti, di-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  being diverse; variety 差异；多样性 2  a different kind; a variety 不同种类；变种 [Middle English via Old French diversité from Latin diversitas -tatis (as DIVERS)]

divert /daiˈvɜ:t, di-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, to)  a  turn aside; deflect 使偏斜；使转向b  draw the attention of; distract 转移(注意力)；使分心 2 (often as 常作 diverting adj.)  entertain; amuse 娱乐的；有趣的 □ divertingly  adv.   [Middle English via French divertir from Latin divertere (as DI-2, vertere ‘turn’)]

diverticular /daivəˈtikjʊlə/ adj. Med.  of or relating to a diverticulum 【医】(有关)憩室的

diverticular disease n.  a condition with abdominal pain as a result of muscle spasms in the presence of diverticula 憩室病(由于憩室肌肉痉挛而造成的腹腔疼痛)

diverticulitis /ˌdaivətikjʊˈlaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of a diverticulum 【医】憩室炎

diverticulum /daivəˈtikjʊləm/ n. (pl. diverticula /-lə/) Anat.  a blind tube formed in a cavity or passage, esp. an abnormal one in the alimentary tract 【解】憩室；膨部；支囊(尤指消化道中异常盲管) □ diverticulosis  /-ˈləʊsis/ n.   [medieval Latin, variant of Latin deverticulum ‘byway’ from devertere (as DE-, vertere ‘turn’)]

divertimento /diˌvɜ:tiˈmentəʊ, -ˌvɛət-/ n. (pl. divertimenti /-ti/ or -os) Mus.  a light and entertaining composition, often in the form of a suite for chamber orchestra 【音】嬉游曲(常为轻松娱乐的室内乐组曲) [Italian, = diversion]

divertissement /divˈɜ:tismənt, di:vɛəˈti:smɒ˜/ n.  1  a diversion; an entertainment 消遣；娱乐 2  a short ballet etc. between acts or longer pieces 幕间歌舞(芭蕾舞等)节目 [French, from divertiss-, stem of divertir DIVERT]

Dives /ˈdaivi:z/ n.  a rich man 富豪，财主 [Latin, in Vulgate translation of the Bible, Luke 16]

divest /daiˈvest, di-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of; often 常作 refl.)  unclothe; strip 使脱去衣服；脱光  divested himself of his jacket  他脱掉夹克衫 2  deprive, dispossess; free, rid 剥夺；抛弃；放弃；摆脱  cannot divest himself of the idea  他难以放弃这一想法 □ divestment  n.  □ divesture  n.   [earlier devest from Old French desvestir etc. (as DIS-, Latin vestire from vestis ‘garment’)]

divi var.  of DIVVY1  DIVVY1 的变体

divide /diˈvaid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into)  separate or be separated into parts; break up; split 分；分开；分解；分裂  the river divides into two  河流分成两岔 the road divides  道路分岔 divided them into three groups  把他们分成 3 组 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  distribute; deal; share 分配，分发；分给；分享  divided it out between them  在他们俩之间分发 3 tr.  a  cut off; separate; part 切割；分隔；分开  divide the sheep from the goats  把绵羊和山羊分开b  mark out into parts 标刻度于  a ruler divided into inches  一把刻有英寸的尺子c  specify different kinds of, classify 区分；分类  people can be divided into two types  人可以分成两类 4 tr.  cause to disagree; set at variance 引起不和；使不一致  religion divided them  宗教使得他们分裂 5 Math. 【数】  a tr.  find how many times (a number) contains another (用某数)除  divide 20 by 4  以 4 除 20b intr. (of a number) be contained in (a number) without a remainder 用(一数)除尽(另一数)  4 divides into 20  4 能除尽 20c intr.  be susceptible of division 被除尽  10 divides by 2 and 5  10 可被 2 和 5 除尽d tr.  find how many times (a number) is contained in another 除；除以(某数)  divide 4 into 20  用 4 除 20 6 intr. Math.  do division 【数】做除法  can divide well  除法做得好 7 Parl. 【议】  a intr. (of a legislative assembly etc.) part into two groups for voting (立法机构等)分赞成和反对两组进行表决  the House divided  议会分组表决b tr.  so divide (a Parliament etc.) for voting 使(议会等)做表示赞成和反对的表决 ●n.  1  a dividing or boundary line 划分线；分界线  the divide between rich and poor  贫富界限 2 Geog.  a watershed 【地理】分水岭 □ divided against itself   formed into factions 分裂成派系而自我削弱□ divide and rule   maintain supremacy by preventing opponents from joining forces 分而治之 [Middle English from Latin dividere divis- (as DI-2, vid- ‘separate’)]

divided highway n. N. Amer.  a dual carriageway [北美]有分车道的公路，分隔式车行道

divided skirt n.  culottes 女用裙裤

dividend /ˈdividend/ n.  1  a  a sum of money to be divided among a number of persons, esp. that paid by a company to shareholders (尤指公司付给股东的)股息，红利b  a similar sum payable to winners in a football pool, to members of a cooperative, or to creditors of an insolvent estate 奖金；彩金c  an individual's share of a dividend 股利 2 Math.  a number to be divided by a divisor 【数】被除数 3  a benefit from any action 获利；效益  their long training paid dividends  他们得到了长期训练所产生的效益 [Anglo-French dividende from Latin dividendum (as DIVIDE)]

dividend-stripping n. Brit.  the evasion of tax on dividends by arrangement between the company liable to pay tax and another able to claim repayment of tax [英]股息税逃避(由应缴税款的公司与另一家有权申请归还税款的公司之间进行的逃税)

dividend warrant n. Brit.  the documentary authority for a shareholder to receive a dividend [英]领取股息(或股利)通知单；股息单

dividend yield n.  a dividend expressed as a percentage of a current share price 股息收益率(每股股利占目前股票市价的百分比)

divider /diˈvaidə/ n.  1  a screen, piece of furniture, etc., dividing a room into two parts 用以分隔房间的屏风(或家具等) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a measuring compass, esp. with a screw for setting small intervals 圆规； (调节螺丝可校正小间距的)分线规

divi-divi /ˈdiviˌdivi/ n. (pl. divi-divis)  1  a small tree, Caesalpinia coriaria, native to tropical America, bearing curved pods 鞣料云实(原产美洲热带的一种结弯荚的小树) 2  this pod used as a source of tannin 鞣料云实荚(可用作丹宁酸的原料) [Carib]

divination /diviˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  supposed insight into the future or the unknown gained by supernatural means 占卜(术) 2  a  a skilful and accurate forecast (熟练和精确的)预测b  a good guess (应验的)猜测；先见 □ divinatory  adj.  占卦的 [Middle English from Old French divination or Latin divinatio (as DIVINE)]

divine /diˈvain/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (diviner, divinest)  1  a  of, from, or like God or a god (来自或似)神的； (来自或似)上帝的；神授的；天赐的b  devoted to God; sacred 虔诚的；神圣的  divine service  礼拜 2  a  more than humanly excellent, gifted, or beautiful 卓越的；天才的；美丽的b colloq.  excellent; delightful [口]极好的；令人愉快的 ●v.  1 tr.  discover by guessing, intuition, inspiration, or magic (凭猜测、直觉、灵感或魔法)领悟，发现 2 tr.  foresee, predict, conjecture 预测，预言，推测 3 intr.  practise divination 卜卦 ●n.  1  a cleric, usu. an expert in theology (通常精通神学的)传教士 2 (作 the Divine)  providence or God 天意，神，上帝 □ divinely  adv.  □ divineness  n.  □ diviner  n.  □ divinize  /ˈdivi-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French devin -ine from Latin divinus, from divus ‘godlike’]

divine office  see 见 OFFICE 10b 

divine right of kings n.  the doctrine that kings derive their sovereignty and authority from God, not from their subjects 神授王权；君权神授(说)

diving beetle n.  a predatory water beetle of the family Dytiscidae which stores air under the elytra while diving (龙虱科)龙虱

diving bell n.  an open-bottomed box or bell, supplied with air, in which a person can descend into deep water 潜水钟(无底盒状或钟状，提供空气，人可借以在深水工作)

diving board n.  an elevated board used for diving from (高台)跳水板

diving duck n.  a duck that habitually dives for food, esp. one of the tribe Aythyini, which includes the pochard, scaup, etc. (尤指潜鸭族)潜水鸭(包括红头潜鸭、斑背潜鸭等)

diving suit n.  a watertight suit usu. with a helmet and an air supply, worn for working under water (通常有头盔和氧气供应，供水下工作用的防水)潜水服

divining rod n.  = DOWSING ROD 

divinity /diˈviniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being divine 神力；神性；神威 2  a  a god; a divine being 神；神人b (as 作 the Divinity)  God 上帝 3  the study of religion; theology 宗教研究；神学 [Middle English via Old French divinité from Latin divinitas -tatis (as DIVINE)]

divisible /diˈvizib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being divided, physically or mentally 可分割的；可分的 2 (foll. by 后跟 by) Math.  containing (a number) a number of times without a remainder 【数】可除(尽)的  15 is divisible by 3 and 5  15 可除尽 3 和 5 □ divisibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French divisible or Late Latin divisibilis (as DIVIDE)]

division /diˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of dividing; the process of being divided 分；分开；分切；分隔 2 Math.  the process of dividing one number by another (see also 另见 LONG DIVISION, SHORT DIVISION) 【数】除(法) 3  disagreement or discord 争执；不和  division of opinion  意见分歧 4 Parl.  the separation of members of a legislative body into two sets for counting votes for and against [议] (议会中赞成者与反对者的)分组表决 5  one of two or more parts into which a thing is divided 部分 6  a major unit of administration or organization, esp. 行政机关或组织中的一个主要单位，尤为 :a  a group of army brigades or regiments (军队中的陆军)师；(舰艇)分队b Sport  a grouping of teams within a league, Brit. usu. by ability 【运动】赛季中的分组；[英]级，组(通常根据水平划分) 7  a  a district defined for administrative purposes (行政管理上所分的)区b Brit.  a part of a county or borough returning a Member of Parliament [英] (选出议员的)选区 8  a Bot.  a major taxonomic grouping 【植】门(主要分类单位)b Zool.  a subsidiary category between major levels of classification 【动】部(主要分类等级) 9 Logic  a classification of kinds, parts, or senses 【逻辑学】分类 □ division of labour   the improvement of efficiency by giving different parts of a manufacturing process etc. to different people 劳动分工(为提高生产效率，不同的人从事不同生产流程)□ divisional  adj.  □ divisionally  adv.  □ divisionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French divisiun from Latin divisio -onis (as DIVIDE)]

divisionalize /diˈviʒ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  organize (a company etc.) into separate divisions 将(公司等)划分成部门 □ divisionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

division sign n.  the sign (÷) indicating that one quantity is to be divided by another 除号

divisive /diˈvaisiv/ adj.  tending to divide, esp. in opinion; causing disagreement (尤指意见)引起分歧的；造成不和的 □ divisively  adv.  □ divisiveness  n.   [Late Latin divisivus (as DIVIDE)]

divisor /diˈvaizə/ n. Math.  1  a number by which another is to be divided 【数】因子；除数 2  a number that divides another without a remainder 约数 [Middle English from French diviseur or Latin divisor (as DIVIDE)]

divorce /diˈvɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the legal dissolution of a marriage 离婚b  a legal decree of this 离婚判决 2  a severance or separation 断绝；分离  a divorce between thought and feeling  思想和感情不一致 ●v.  1  a tr. (usu. as 通常作 divorced adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  legally dissolve the marriage of 与…离婚  a divorced couple  一对离婚的夫妇 he wants to get divorced from her  他要和她离婚b intr.  separate by divorce 离婚  they divorced last year  他们去年离的婚c tr.  end one's marriage with 与…离婚  divorced him for neglect  因弃家不顾而与他离婚 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  detach, separate 脱离；分隔  divorced from reality  脱离现实 3 tr. archaic  dissolve (a union) [古义]解散(联合会) □ divorcement  n.   [Middle English via Old French divorce (n.), divorcer (v.) and Late Latin divortiare from Latin divortium, from divortere (as DI-2, vertere ‘turn’)]

divorcee /divɔ:ˈsi:/ n. (US [美] masc. divorcé, fem. divorcée /-ˈsei/)  a divorced person 离婚者

divot /ˈdivət/ n.  1  a piece of turf cut out by a golf club in making a stroke (高尔夫击球过低时)削起的一块草皮(或泥土) 2 esp. Sc.  a piece of turf; a sod [尤苏格兰]一块草皮；草坪 [16th c.: origin unknown]

divulge /daiˈvʌldʒ, di-/ v. tr.  disclose; reveal (a secret etc.) 暴露；泄露(秘密等) □ divulgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ divulgement  n.  □ divulgence  n.   [Latin divulgare (as DI-2, vulgare ‘publish’ from vulgus ‘common people’)]

divvy1 /ˈdivi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 divi) colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit.  a dividend; a share, esp. of profits earned by a cooperative [英]股息； (尤指合作性组织的)红利 2  a distribution 分配 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  share out; divide 分摊；分 [abbreviation of DIVIDEND]

divvy2 /ˈdivi/ adj. & n. Brit. slang or dial. [英] [俚语] [方] ●adj.  foolish, idiotic 愚蠢的；白痴(般)的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a foolish person, an idiot 傻瓜，白痴 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Diwali /diˈwɑ:li:/ n.  a Hindu festival with lights, held in the period October to November 排灯节(印度的重大宗教节日，每年在 10 月到 11 月间举行) [Hindustani dīwɑˉlī from Sanskrit dīpɑˉvalī ‘row of lights’, from dīpa ‘lamp’]

Dixie /ˈdiksi/ n.  the southern states of the US 迪克西(美国南部各州的俗称) [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dixie /ˈdiksi/ n.  a large iron cooking pot used by campers etc. (露营等用)大铁锅 [Hindustani degchī ‘cooking pot’ from Persian degcha, diminutive of deg ‘pot’]

Dixieland /ˈdiksilænd/ n.  1  = DIXIE  2  a kind of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm and collective improvisation 迪克西兰(爵士乐的一种，特点为带强烈的两个节拍的集体即兴演奏) [DIXIE]

DIY abbr. esp. Brit.  do-it-yourself [缩略] [尤英]自己动手(做)

dizzy /ˈdizi/ adj. & v. ●adj. (dizzier, dizziest)  1  a  giddy, unsteady 头晕目眩的，眼花缭乱的b  lacking mental stability; confused 头脑混乱的；困惑的；不知所措的c colloq.  scatterbrained [口]思想不集中的 2  causing giddiness 眩晕的，造成头晕的  dizzy heights  使人眩晕的高处 dizzy speed  飞弛 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make dizzy 使眩晕 2  bewilder 使困惑 □ dizzily  adv.  □ dizziness  n.   [Old English dysig, from West Germanic]

DJ abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  dinner jacket [英]男子餐服；小礼服 2  disc jockey 流行音乐唱片节目的播音员

Djakarta /dʒəˈkɑ:tə/ n.  雅加达 [印度尼西亚首都]

djellaba /ˈdʒeləbə/ n. (also 亦作 djellabah, jellaba)  a loose hooded woollen cloak worn or as worn by Arab men (阿拉伯男子穿的)带风帽(羊毛)斗篷 [Arabic jallaba, jallɑˉbīya]

djibba (also 亦作 djibbah) var.  of JIBBA JIBBA 的变体

Djibouti   吉布提

Djiboutian /dʒiˈbu:tiən/ adj. & n.  吉布提的(人)

djinn var.  of JINNEE  JINNEE 的变体

DL abbr. [缩略]  Deputy Lieutenant 

dl abbr. [缩略]  decilitre(s) 

D-layer /ˈdi:leiə/ n.  the lowest layer of the ionosphere able to reflect low-frequency radio waves.D 层(能反射低频无线电电波的最底电离层) [D (arbitrary)]

D.Litt. abbr.  Doctor of Letters [缩略]文学博士 [Latin Doctor Litterarum]

DM abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 D-mark)  Deutschmark 

dm abbr. [缩略]  decimetre(s) 

D-mark n.  = DEUTSCHMARK  [abbreviation]

DMs abbr. [缩略]  Dr Martens 

DMSO abbr. [缩略]  dimethylsulphoxide 

D.Mus. abbr.  Doctor of Music [缩略]音乐博士

DMZ abbr. US  demilitarized zone [缩略] [美]非军事区

DNA abbr.  deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms, esp. as a constituent of chromosomes, and is the carrier of genetic information [缩略]脱氧核糖核酸(尤作为染色体成分)

DNA fingerprinting n.  = GENETIC FINGERPRINTING 

DNase /di:enˈeiz/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme which breaks DNA into smaller molecules 【生化】 DNA 酶，脱氧核糖核酸酶 [DNA + -ASE]

DNB abbr.  Dictionary of National Biography [缩略] 《英国人名词典》

D-notice /ˈdi:nəʊtis/ n. Brit.  a government notice to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of security [英]国防机密通知(出于安全考虑，要求舆论工具不要发表某些机密情况的备忘录) [defence + NOTICE]

do1 /du:/ v., v. aux. & n. ●v. (3rd sing. present does /dʌz/; past did /did/; past part. done /dʌn/)  1 tr.  perform, carry out, achieve, complete (work etc.) 履行；执行；实现；完成(工作等)  did his homework  做他的家庭作业 there's a lot to do  有许多事情要做 he can do anything  他什么事都能做 2 tr.  a  produce, make 制作；做  she was doing a painting  她在绘画 I did a translation  我翻译过了 decided to do a casserole  决定做砂锅菜肴b  provide 供应  do you do lunches?  你们供应午餐吗？ 3 tr.  bestow, grant; have a specified effect on 授予；给…人以恩惠；带来特殊的效果  a walk would do you good  散步对你有好处 do me a favour  帮我个忙 4 intr.  act, behave, proceed 行动；表现；着手  do as I do  照我那样(去)做 she would do well to accept the offer  接受这个提议对她有益 5 tr.  a  work at for a living, be occupied with 谋生；从事(某种职业)  what does your father do?  你父亲做什么工作的？b  work at, study; take as one's subject 在…方面用功；研究；攻读  he did chemistry at university  他在大学攻读化学 we're doing Chaucer next term  我们下学期选修乔叟诗歌 6  a intr.  be suitable or acceptable; suffice 适合；足够  this dress won't do for a wedding  这件衣服不适合婚礼上穿 a sandwich will do until we get home  回家前吃块三明治就够了 that will never do  那决不行b tr.  satisfy; be suitable for 满意；适合  that hotel will do me nicely  我觉得那家旅馆很不错了 7 tr.  deal with; put in order 照料，处理；整理  the garden needs doing  园子需要整理 the barber will do you next  下一位将给你理发 I must do my hair before we go  在我们走之前，我得做头发 8 intr.  a  fare; get on 进展；继续干  the patients were doing excellently  病人们身体都很好 he did badly in the test  他考试考得不好b  perform, work 履行；做  could do better  能做得更好 9 tr.  a  solve; work out 解答；算出  we did the puzzle  我们解决这个难题b (prec. by 前接 can or be able to)  be competent at 在…有能力  can you do cartwheels?  你能做侧手翻吗？ I never could do maths  我数学不行 10 tr.  a  traverse (a certain distance) 行过；走过(一段距离)  we did fifty miles today  今天我们走了 50 英里b  travel at a specified speed 按特定速度行进  he overtook us doing about eighty  他以大约 80 英里的速度追上我们 11 tr. colloq. [口]  a  act or behave like 扮演；模仿  did a Houdini  模仿霍迪尼b  play the part of 扮演…角色  she was asked to do hostess  求她扮演女主人 12 intr.  a colloq.  finish [口]做完；完成  have you done annoying me?  你气够我了？ I've done in the bathroom  我已洗完澡b (as 作 done adj.)  be over 结束(的)  the day is done  一天结束了 13 tr.  produce or give a performance of 上演；演出  the school does many plays and concerts  这所学校有许多戏剧和音乐会 we've never done ‘Pygmalion’  我们从未上演过“皮格马利翁” 14 tr.  cook, esp. to the right degree (尤指恰到好处地)烹调，煮，烧，煎  do it in the oven  放在炉子上煮 the potatoes aren't done yet  土豆尚未煮熟 15 intr.  be in progress 在进行中  what's doing?  在做什么？ 16 tr. colloq.  visit; see the sights of [口]参观；游览  we did all the art galleries  我们参观了所有的美术馆 17 tr. colloq. [口]  a (often as 常作 done adj.)  exhaust; tire out 精疲力竭，累得要死  the climb has completely done me  爬山可把我累垮了b  beat up, defeat, kill 痛打；打败；杀害c  ruin 毁掉  now you've done it  你把它全毁了 18 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  translate or transform 翻译；改编  the book was done into French  这本书已被译成法语 19 tr. (with qualifying adverb 带修饰性副词) Brit. colloq.  provide food etc. for in a specified way [英口] (以食物等)招待；款待  they do one very well here  他们这儿对人招待得很好 20 tr. slang [俚语]  a  rob 抢劫  they did a shop in Soho  他们在索霍区抢劫了一家商店b  swindle 欺骗；诈取  I was done at the market  我在市场上受骗了 21 tr. Brit. slang  prosecute, convict [英] [俚语]起诉；定罪  they were done for shoplifting  起诉他们入店行窃 22 tr. slang  undergo (a specified term of imprisonment) [俚语]服(刑期)  he did two years for fraud  他因诈骗服刑两年 23 tr. coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 24 tr. slang  take (a drug) [俚语]吸(毒) ●v. aux.  1  a (except with 除不能和 be, can, may, ought, shall, will 连用外)  in questions and negative statements 作构成疑问和否定用的助动词  do you understand?  你明白了吗？ I don't smoke  我不吸烟b (except with 除不能和 can, may, ought, shall, will 连用外)  in negative commands 用作否定形式的命令  don't be silly  别犯傻 do not come tomorrow  明天别来 2 ellipt.  or in place of verb or verb and object [省略]替代动词或动词及其宾语  you know her better than I do  你比我更了解她 I wanted to go and I did so  我想去而且我去了 tell me, do!  告诉我，说吧！ 3  forming emphatic present and past tenses 构成强调的现在时和过去时  I do want to  我就是想去 do tell me  一定要告诉我 they did go but she was out  他们的确去了，但她不在家 4  in inversion for emphasis 用于倒装表示强调  rarely does it happen  这事极少发生 did he but know it  只有他知道 ●n. (pl. dos or do's)  1 colloq.  an elaborate social event, party, or operation [口]精心安排的社交活动；精心准备的晚会，精心的手术(或操作) 2 Brit. slang  a swindle or hoax [英] [俚语]诈骗，骗局 □ be done with   see 见 DONE □ be nothing to do with   1  be no business or concern of 不干…的事；和…没有关系  his financial situation is nothing to do with me  他的经济状况和我无关 2  be unconnected with 与…不相干  his depression is nothing to do with his father's death  他的沮丧与他父亲的去世无关□ be to do with   be concerned or connected with 与…有关；和…有联系  the argument was to do with money  争吵与钱有关□ do about   see 见 ABOUT prep. 1d □ do away with  colloq. [口]  1  abolish 废除；废止 2  kill 杀死□ do battle   enter into combat 进入战斗□ do one's best   see 见 BEST □ do one's bit   see 见 BIT1 □ do by   treat or deal with in a specified way 对待；招待  do as you would be done by  你希望别人如何对待你，你就应该如何对待别人□ do credit to   see 见 CREDIT □ do down  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  cheat, swindle 欺骗，诈骗 2  get the better of; overcome 在…中占上风，胜过；克服□ do for   1  be satisfactory or sufficient for 适合需要；适用于 2 colloq. [口] (esp. as 尤作 done for adj.)  destroy, ruin, kill 摧毁；毁灭，杀害  he knew he was done for  他清楚他完蛋了 3 Brit. colloq.  act as housekeeper for [英口]当管家□ do one's head (or nut)  Brit. slang  be extremely angry or agitated [英] [俚语]极端愤怒，躁动□ do the honours   see 见 HONOUR □ do in   1 slang [俚语]  a  kill 杀死b  ruin, do injury to 毁灭；损害 2 colloq.  exhaust, tire out [口]精疲力竭，累得要死□ do justice to   see 见 JUSTICE □ do nothing for (or to)  colloq.  detract from the appearance or quality of [口]有损于(面貌、质量等)  such behaviour does nothing for our reputation  这种举止有损我们的声誉□ do or die   persist regardless of danger 干到底；不成功毋宁死□ do out  Brit. colloq.  clean or redecorate (a room) [英口]打扫，重新装修(房间)□ do a person out of  colloq.  unjustly deprive a person of; swindle out of [口]不公正地剥夺；骗取  he was done out of his holiday  他被剥夺了假日□ do over   1 slang  attack; beat up [俚语]攻击；毒打 2 colloq.  redecorate, refurbish [口]重新装修；翻新 3 N. Amer. colloq.  do again [北美口]重做□ do proud   see 见 PROUD □ dos and don'ts   rules of behaviour 行为举止规范□ do something for (or to)  colloq.  enhance the appearance or quality of [口] (面貌)改观； (质量)提高  that carpet does something for the room  那块地毯使房间生辉□ do one's stuff   see 见 STUFF □ do to (archaic [古义] unto)   = do by □ do to death   see 见 DEATH □ do the trick   see 见 TRICK □ do up   1  fasten, secure 拴紧；固定住 2 colloq. [口]  a  refurbish, renovate 翻新；更新b  adorn, dress up 装饰；打扮 3 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  ruin, get the better of 毁灭；胜过b  beat up 毒打□ do well for oneself   prosper 发达；昌盛□ do well out of   profit by 得利于；从…得到好处□ do with  (prec. by 前接 could)  would be glad to have; would profit by 想要；需要  I could do with a rest  我想要休息一会儿 you could do with a wash  你可以去洗一洗□ do without   manage without; forgo 设法对付过去；将就；弃绝 also absol. [亦含宾]: we shall just have to do without  我们只好将就一些了□ have nothing to do with   1  have no connection or dealings with 无牵连；与…无关  our problem has nothing to do with the latest news  我们的问题与最近的消息无关 after the disagreement he had nothing to do with his father  与父亲争吵后，他就断绝了与父亲的来往 2  be no business or concern of 与…不相干；和…没有关系  the decision has nothing to do with him  此项决定与他无关□ have to do (or something to do) with   be connected with 与…有关  his limp has to do with a car accident  他的瘸腿是车祸所致 [Old English dōn from Germanic: related to Sanskrit dɑˉdhɑˉmi ‘put’, Greek tithemi ‘place’, Latin facere ‘do’]

do2 var.  of DOH  DOH 的变体

do. abbr. [缩略]  ditto 

DOA abbr.  dead on arrival (at hospital etc.) [缩略]到达(医院等)时死亡；送到时已死

doable /ˈdu:əb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be done 可做的；可行的

dob /dɒb/ v. tr. (dobbed, dobbing) (foll. by 常后跟 in) Austral. slang  inform against; implicate; betray [澳] [俚语]告发；暗示；出卖 [variant of DAB1]

dobbin /ˈdɒbin/ n.  a draught horse; a farm horse 挽马；驮马 [pet form of the name Robert]

dobe /ˈdəʊbi/ n. US colloq.  adobe [美口]风干土坯(指砖或瓦) [abbreviation]

Dobermann /ˈdəʊbəmən/ n. (in full 全称 Dobermann pinscher /ˈpinʃə/)  1  a large dog of a German breed with a smooth coat 多伯曼(短尾)狗(一种皮毛光滑、体型大的德国狗) 2  this breed 多伯曼种狗 [named after L. Dobermann, 19th-c. German dog breeder, + German Pinscher ‘terrier’]

dobsonfly /ˈdɒbs(ə)nflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a large neuropterous insect of the family Corydalidae, esp. Corydalis cornutus of N. America, whose predatory aquatic larva are used as bait 鱼蛉(鱼蛉科大型脉翅目昆虫，尤指北美具角鱼蛉，其幼虫常用做钓饵) [origin unknown]

doc /dɒk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  doctor  2  documentary  video-doc  录像片  3 Computing 【计算】  document  [abbreviation]

doch an dorris var.  of DEOCH AN DORIS  DEOCH AN DORIS 的变体

docile /ˈdəʊsail/ adj.  1  submissive, easily managed 听话的；驯良的；易控制的 2 archaic  teachable [古义]可教的 □ docilely  /ˈdəʊsailli/ adv.  □ docility  /-ˈsiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin docilis, from docēre ‘teach’]

dock1 /dɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificially enclosed body of water for the loading, unloading, and repair of ships 船坞；码头 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a range of docks with wharves and offices; a dockyard (包括停泊处、办公室的)港区；造(或修)船所 3 US  a ship's berth, a wharf [美]停泊处，码头 4  = DRY DOCK  5 Theatr. 【戏】  = SCENE-DOCK  ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come into a dock 使进港；入港 2  a tr.  join (spacecraft) together in space 使(航天器)在太空对接b intr. (of spacecraft) be joined (航天器)对接 3 tr.  provide with a dock or docks 提供泊位(船坞) □ in dock  Brit. colloq.  in hospital or (of a vehicle) laid up for repairs [英口]住院，在治疗中；(车辆)在修理中 [Middle Dutch docke, of unknown origin]

dock2 /dɒk/ n.  the enclosure in a criminal court for the accused (刑事法庭的)被告席 □ in the dock  Brit.  on trial [英]受审 [16th c.: probably originally slang and related to Flemish dok ‘cage’, of unknown origin]

dock3 /dɒk/ n.  any coarse, broadleaved weed of the genus Rumex 酸模(酸模属植物) [Old English docce]

dock4 /dɒk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  cut short (an animal's tail) 剪短(动物的尾巴)b  cut short the tail of (an animal) 剪短(动物的)尾巴 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  deduct (a part) from wages, supplies, etc. (从工资、供应等中)扣除(部分)b  reduce (wages etc.) in this way (以这种方式)扣除(工资等) ●n.  1  the solid bony part of an animal's tail 动物尾巴中的硬骨部分 2 Brit.  the crupper of a saddle or harness [英] (马鞍或挽具的)兜在马尾下的皮带 [Middle English, of uncertain origin]

dockage /ˈdɒkidʒ/ n.  1  the charge made for using docks 进坞费；停泊费 2  dock accommodation 船坞设备 3  the berthing of ships in docks 停泊处，泊位

dock brief n.  a brief handed direct to a barrister selected by a prisoner in the dock 刑事被告的直接委托

docker /ˈdɒkə/ n.  a person employed to load and unload ships 船坞工作人员，码头工人

docket /ˈdɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a document or label listing goods delivered or the contents of a package, or recording payment of customs dues etc. (记录所付关税、应缴款的)摘要；明细表b  a voucher; an order form 收据；凭单 2 US  a list of causes for trial or persons having causes pending [美]备审案件目录 3 US  a list of things to be done [美]待做事情一览表 ●v. tr. (docketed, docketing)  label with a docket 给附上签条 [15th c.: origin unknown]

dock-glass n.  a large glass for wine tasting (品酒用的)大玻璃杯

dockland /ˈdɒklənd/ n.  a district near docks 港区陆域

dockside /ˈdɒksaid/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the area immediately adjacent to a dock 坞边地区

dock-tailed adj.  having a docked tail 去尾的；断尾的

dockyard /ˈdɒkjɑ:d/ n.  an area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships, esp. Brit. for naval use 造船厂；修船所；[尤英]海军造船厂

Doc Martens var.  of DR MARTENS  DR MARTENS 的变体

doctor /ˈdɒktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a qualified practitioner of medicine; a physician 医师；(内科)医生b N. Amer.  a qualified dentist or veterinary surgeon [北美] (持有开业证的)牙医(或兽医) 2  a person who holds a doctorate 博士  Doctor of Civil Law  民法博士 3 colloq.  a peron who carries out repairs [口]修理人员 4 archaic  a teacher or learned person [古义]教师；博学之人 5 slang  a cook on board a ship or in a camp [俚语]船上(或营地)的厨师 6 (in full 全称 doctor-blade) Brit. Printing  a blade for removing surplus ink etc. [英]【印刷】刮墨刀(除去过量油墨等的刮刀) 7  an artificial fishing-fly (用作鱼饵的)人造蝇 ●v. colloq. [口]  1  a tr.  treat medically 治疗b intr. (esp. as 尤作 doctoring n.)  practise as a physician 当医生；行医 2 tr. Brit.  castrate or spay [英]阉割 3 tr.  patch up (machinery etc.); mend 拼凑成(机器等)；修理，修补 4 tr.  adulterate 搀杂，搀假 5 tr.  tamper with, falsify 篡改；伪造 6 tr.  confer a degree of doctor on 授予博士学位 □ go for the doctor  Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  make an all-out effort 做极大努力；跑得很快 2  bet all one has 尽其所有打赌□ what the doctor ordered  colloq.  something beneficial or desirable [口]需要(有益或喜爱)的东西□ doctorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ doctorly  adj.  □ doctorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French doctour from Latin doctor, from docēre doct- ‘teach’]

doctoral /ˈdɒkt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or for a degree of doctor 博士的；博士学位的

doctorate /ˈdɒkt(ə)rət/ n.  the highest university degree in any faculty, often honorary (常为荣誉)博士学位

Doctor Martens var.  of DR MARTENS  DR MARTENS 的变体

Doctor of Philosophy n.  1  a doctorate in any faculty except law, medicine, or sometimes theology 博士学位(除法学、医学、神学外) 2  a person holding such a degree 博士学位持有者，博士

Doctor of the Church n.  any of several early Christian and later Catholic theologians 早期基督教神学家

doctrinaire /dɒktriˈnɛə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  seeking to apply a theory or doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations; theoretical and impractical 教条主义的；空谈理论的；脱离实际的 ●n.  a doctrinaire person; a pedantic theorist 教条主义者；空谈理论者 □ doctrinairism  n.  □ doctrinarian  n.   [French, from doctrine DOCTRINE + -aire -ARY1]

doctrinal /dɒkˈtrain(ə)l, ˈdɒktrin-/ adj.  of or inculcating a doctrine or doctrines (灌输)教义的； (灌输)学说的；教条的 □ doctrinally  adv.   [Late Latin doctrinalis (as DOCTRINE)]

doctrine /ˈdɒktrin/ n.  1  what is taught; a body of instruction 教旨；教义 2  a  a principle of religious or political etc. belief 主义(宗教或政治等信念)b  a set of such principles; dogma 学说；教条 □ doctrinism  n.  □ doctrinist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin doctrina ‘teaching’ (as DOCTOR)]

docudrama /ˈdɒkjʊdrɑ:mə/ n.  a dramatized television film based on real events 文献(或记录)电视(或电影)片 [DOCUMENTARY + DRAMA]

document n. & v. ●n. /ˈdɒkjʊm(ə)nt/  a piece of written or printed matter that provides a record or evidence of events, an agreement, ownership, identification, etc. (记录事件证据、协议、所有权、身份证明等的)公文；文件；档案；文献 ●v. tr. /ˈdɒkjʊment/  1  prove by or provide with documents or evidence 用文件(证据等)证明；给提供文件(证据) 2  record in a document 用文件纪录下来 □ documental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin documentum ‘proof’, from docēre ‘teach’]

documentalist /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)list/ n.  a person engaged in documentation 文献资料工作者

documentarian /ˌdɒkjʊmenˈtɛəriən/ n.  1  a  a photographer specializing in producing a factual record 纪实摄影师b  a director or producer of documentaries 记录影片导演(或制片人) 2  an expert analyst of historical documents 历史文献分析专家

documentarist /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)rist/ n.  = DOCUMENTARIAN 1b 

documentary /dɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  consisting of documents 公文的；文件的  documentary evidence  书面证据 2  providing a factual record or report 提供如实记录(或报告)的，记录的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a documentary film etc. 记录片(文献片等) □ documentarily  adv.  

documentation /ˌdɒkjʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the accumulation, classification, and dissemination of information 信息的积累(分类和传播) 2  the material collected or disseminated 文件证据，文献资料 3  the collection of documents relating to a process or event, esp. the written specification and instructions accompanying a computer program (计算机程序中规格和指令的)文件(或文档)编制

DOD abbr. US  Department of Defense [缩略] [美]国防部

dodder1 /ˈdɒdə/ v. intr.  tremble or totter, esp. from age (尤指因年迈而)摇摇晃晃；蹒跚 □ dodderer  n.   [17th c.: variant of obsolete dialect dadder: cf. DITHER]

dodder2 /ˈdɒdə/ n.  any climbing parasitic plant of the genus Cuscuta, with slender leafless threadlike stems 菟丝子(菟丝子属植物，一类攀爬的寄生植物) [Middle English from Germanic]

doddered /ˈdɒdəd/ adj. (of a tree, esp. an oak) having lost its top or branches (树木，尤指橡树因枯朽而)脱枝的 [probably from obsolete dod ‘poll, lop’]

dodder-grass n.  quaking-grass 凌风草

doddery /ˈdɒd(ə)ri/ adj.  tending to tremble or totter, esp. from age (尤指因衰老而)蹒跚的 □ dodderiness  n.   [DODDER1 + -Y1]

doddle /ˈdɒd(ə)l/ n. Brit. colloq.  an easy task [英口]轻而易举的事，不费吹灰之力的事 [perhaps from doddle = TODDLE]

dodeca- /ˈdəʊdekə/ comb. form  twelve [构词成分]十二 [Greek dōdeka ‘twelve’]

dodecagon /dəʊˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with twelve sides 十二角形；十二边形

dodecahedron /ˌdəʊdekəˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. dodecahedra /-drə/ or dedecahedrons)  a solid figure with twelve faces 十二面体 □ dodecahedral  adj.  

dodecaphonic /ˌdəʊdekəˈfɒnik/ adj. Mus. 【音】  = TWELVE-NOTE 

dodge /dɒdʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, behind, round)  move quickly to one side or quickly change position, to elude a pursuer, blow, etc. 闪开；躲开(追赶者、打击等)  dodged behind the chair  闪身躲在椅子后面 2 tr.  a  evade by cunning or trickery 巧妙回避；施计逃避  dodged paying the fare  逃避缴费b  elude (a pursuer, opponent, blow, etc.) by a sideward movement etc. (通过迂回等手段以)躲避(追赶者)，摆脱(对手)，避免(打击等) 3 tr. Austral. slang  acquire dishonestly [澳] [俚语]不正当地获取 4 intr. (of a bell in change-ringing) move one place contrary to the normal sequence (用转调鸣钟法使钟)变序鸣钟 ●n.  1  a quick movement to avoid or evade something (迅速)躲闪(或逃避) 2  a clever trick or expedient 诡计，窍门 3  the dodging of a bell in change-ringing 变序鸣钟 □ dodge the column  Brit. [英]  see 见 COLUMN  [16th c.: origin unknown]

dodgem /ˈdɒdʒ(ə)m/ n. (in full 全称 dodgem car)  a small electrically powered car with rubber bumpers all round, driven in an enclosure at a funfair with the aim of bumping or avoiding other such cars 碰碰车(游乐场中一种相互碰撞又互相躲让着行驶的电动小车) [US proprietary name, DODGE + 'EM]

dodger /ˈdɒdʒə/ n.  1  a person who dodges, esp. an artful or elusive person 躲避者(尤指欺瞒者、瞒混者) 2  a screen on a ship's bridge etc. as protection from spray etc. (船舰桥等上的)防浪屏(防溅隔板等) 3 US  a small handbill [美]小传单 4 slang  a sandwich; bread; food [俚语]三明治；面包；食品

dodging /ˈdɒdʒiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of the verb 用于动词释义 2 Photog.  the deliberate modification of the intensity of a particular part of a photograph during processing or enlarging 【摄】局部遮光法

dodgy /ˈdɒdʒi/ adj. (dodgier, dodgiest)  1 colloq.  awkward, unreliable, tricky [口]难对付的；不可靠的；诡计多端的 2 Brit.  cunning, artful [英]狡猾的；巧妙的

dodo /ˈdəʊdəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a large extinct flightless bird, Raphus cucullatus, formerly native to Mauritius 渡渡鸟(一种现已灭绝的体型大而不会飞的鸟，原产地为毛里求斯) 2  an old-fashioned, stupid, or inactive person (落后于时代的)老式人物；愚蠢的人；迟钝的人 □ as dead as the (or a) dodo   1  completely or unmistakably dead 绝种的 2  entirely obsolete 完全过时的 [Portuguese doudo ‘simpleton’]

DoE abbr. (in the UK) Department of the Environment [缩略] (英国)环境事务部

doe /dəʊ/ n.  a female fallow deer, reindeer, hare, rabbit, etc. 母鹿；雌兔；母驯鹿等 [Old English dɑˉ]

doe-eyed adj. (esp. of a woman) having large gentle dark eyes (尤指妇女)有一双黑色柔和大眼的

doek /dʊk/ n. S. Afr.  a cloth, esp. a head-cloth [Afrikaans] [南非]布(尤指白布头巾)

doer /ˈdu:ə/ n.  1  a person who does something 做某事的人，行为者 2  a person who acts rather than merely talking or thinking 实干家 3 (in full 全称 hard doer) Austral.  an eccentric or amusing person [澳]古怪的人

does 3rd sing. present  of DO1  

doeskin /ˈdəʊskin/ n.  1  a  the skin of a doe fallow deer 母鹿皮b  leather made from this 母鹿皮革 2  a fine cloth resembling it 仿鹿皮织物

doesn't /ˈdʌz(ə)nt/ contr.  does not [缩合]不；没

doest /ˈdu:ist/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of DO1 

doeth /ˈdu:iθ/ archaic [古义]  = DOTH 

doff /dɒf/ v. tr. esp. literary  take off (one's hat, clothing) [文学用语]脱去(帽子、衣服) [Middle English, = do off]

dog /dɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a domesticated carnivorous mammal, Canis familiaris, usu. having a long snout and non-retractile claws, and occurring in many different breeds kept as pets or for work or sport 犬，狗(通常鼻长、爪子不能收进)b  a wild animal of the genus Canis, including wolves, jackals, and coyotes, or of the family Canidae, including foxes 犬科动物(包括狼、豺、郊狼、狐等) 2  the male of the dog, or of the fox (also 亦作 dog-fox) or wolf (also 亦作 dog-wolf) 狗(狐、狼)的雄兽 3 colloq. [口]  a  a despicable person 卑鄙之人；无赖b  a person of a specified kind (…样的)家伙  a lucky dog  幸运儿c US & Austral. slang  an informer; a traitor [美澳] [俚语]告密者；叛徒d slang  a horse that is difficult to handle [俚语]烈马 4  a mechanical device for gripping 止动器；棘爪 5 N. Amer. slang  something poor; a failure [北美] [俚语]蹩脚的东西；失利，不成功 6  = FIREDOG  7 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) Brit. colloq.  greyhound racing [英口]赛狗 ●v. tr. (dogged, dogging)  1  follow closely and persistently; pursue, track 跟踪；尾随；追随 2 Mech.  grip with a dog 【机】用抓具(或夹具)固定 □ die like a dog   die miserably or shamefully 可耻地死去；悲惨地死去□ dog it  esp. US colloq.  act lazily; idle, shirk [尤美口]吊儿郎当；偷懒，逃避工作(或责任)□ dog's breakfast  colloq.  a mess [口]杂乱(之物；) 一团糟□ dog's dinner  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  = dog's breakfast  2 (in phr. 用于短语 dressed etc., like a dog's dinner 打扮艳丽的)  dressed over-elaborately or vulgarly 过分讲究(或庸俗)的穿着  she was got up like a dog's dinner  她起床后的穿着十分艳丽□ go to the dogs  slang  deteriorate, be ruined [俚语]堕落；衰败；毁灭□ not a dog's chance   no chance at all 毫无机会□ put on the dog  N. Amer. colloq.  behave pretentiously [北美口]摆架子；摆阔气；装腔作势□ doglike  adj.   [Old English docga, of unknown origin]

dogberry /ˈdɒɡb(ə)ri, -beri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the fruit of the dogwood 梾木果实

dog biscuit n.  a hard thick biscuit for feeding dogs 喂狗的硬饼干

dog box n. Austral. slang  a compartment in a railway carriage without a corridor [澳] [俚语] (铁路的)货车箱

dog cart n.  a two-wheeled cart for driving in, with cross seats back to back (设背靠背双座的)双轮轻便马车

dog-clutch n.  a device for coupling two shafts in the transmission of power, one member having teeth which engage with slots in another 爪形(或犬牙式)离合器

dog collar n.  1  a collar for a dog 狗项圈 2  a colloq.  a clerical collar [口]牧师领(传教士所带的白色硬领)b  a straight high collar 直高领

dog days n. pl.  the hottest period of the year (reckoned in antiquity from the heliacal rising of the dog-star) 伏天，酷热期(古代认为与天狼星偕日升有关)

doge /dəʊdʒ/ n. hist.  the chief magistrate of Venice or Genoa [史义]威尼斯(或热那亚)的执政官(总督) [French via Italian and Venetian doze from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

dog-eared adj. (of a book etc.) with the corners worn or battered with use (书等)翻旧了的；折角的

dog-eat-dog adj. colloq.  ruthlessly competitive [口]狗咬狗的； (竞争)无情的

dog-end n. slang  a cigarette end [俚语]烟头；香烟屁股

dogface /ˈdɒɡfeis/ n. US slang  a US soldier, esp. an infantryman [美] [俚语]普通士兵；列兵(尤指步兵)

dog-fall n.  a fall in which wrestlers touch the ground together (两位摔跤选手)同时肩膀落地

dogfight /ˈdɒɡfait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a close combat between fighter aircraft (战斗机的)近距离空战 2  uproar; a fight like that between dogs 喧嚣； (狗咬狗般的)混战 ●v. intr.  take part in a dogfight 进行混战

dogfish /ˈdɒɡfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various small sharks, esp. of the families Scyliorhinidae and Squalidae (尤指猫鲨科、角鲨科的)狗鲨

dogged /ˈdɒɡid/ adj.  tenacious; grimly persistent 顽强的；坚持不懈的 □ it's dogged as does it  colloq.  persistence succeeds [口]坚持就是胜利；天下无难事，只怕有心人□ doggedly  adv.  □ doggedness  n.   [Middle English from DOG + -ED1]

dogger1 /ˈdɒɡə/ n.  a two-masted bluff-bowed Dutch fishing boat (荷兰)双桅渔船 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, = fishing boat]

dogger2 /ˈdɒɡə/ n. Geol.  a large spherical concretion occurring in sedimentary rock 【地质】道格统(中侏罗世；) 铁石结核 [dialect, = kind of ironstone, perhaps from DOG]

doggerel /ˈdɒɡ(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  poor or trivial verse 拙劣的诗；打油诗 [Middle English, apparently from DOG: cf. -REL]

doggie var.  of DOGGY  n.DOGGY 名词的变体

doggish /ˈdɒɡiʃ/ adj.  1  of or like a dog 狗的；像狗一样的 2  currish, malicious, snappish 粗暴的；卑鄙的；恶意的

doggo /ˈdɒɡəʊ/ adv.   □ lie doggo  Brit. slang  lie motionless or hidden, making no sign [英] [俚语]隐蔽地，静候时机 [probably from DOG: cf. -O]

doggone /ˈdɒɡɒn/ adj., adv. & int. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●adj. & adv.  damned 该诅咒的；讨厌的；该死的 ●int.  expressing annoyance 去你的！他妈的！(表示愤怒) [probably from dog on it = God damn it]

doggy /ˈdɒɡi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a dog 狗的；狗一样的 2  devoted to dogs 爱狗的 ●n. (also 亦作 doggie) (pl. -ies)  a little dog; a pet name for a dog 小犬，小狗；狗儿 □ dogginess  n.  

doggy bag n.  a bag given to a customer in a restaurant or to a guest at a party etc. for putting leftovers in to take home (餐馆或聚会等用的)“狗食袋”(供顾客将吃剩食物打包带回的袋子)

doggy-paddle var.  of DOG-PADDLE  DOG-PADDLE 的变体

dog handler n.  a person, esp. a police officer, in charge of a dog or dogs 训狗人(尤指警犬训练员) □ dog-handling  n.  

doghouse /ˈdɒɡhaʊs/ n. N. Amer.  a dog's kennel [北美]狗窝，犬舍 □ in the doghouse  slang  in disgrace or disfavour [俚语]失宠的；丢脸的

dogie /ˈdəʊɡi/ n. N. Amer.  a motherless or neglected calf [北美]无母犊牛；孤犊 [19th c.: origin unknown]

dog in the manger n.  a person who prevents others from using something, although that person has no use for it 占马槽的狗；占着茅坑不拉屎的人

dog-leg n., adj. & v. ●n.  a sharp bend like that in a dog's hind leg (形如狗后腿的)急转弯 ●adj. (also 亦作 dog-legged)  bent sharply 有急转弯的 ●v. intr. (-legged, -legging)  bend sharply 急转弯

dog-leg hole n.  a hole at which a golf player cannot aim directly at the green from the tee 【高尔夫球】(球不能直线飞入的)弯曲球道；(狗腿形)球穴

dogma /ˈdɒɡmə/ n.  1  a  a principle, tenet, or system of these, esp. as laid down by the authority of a Church (尤指教会当局制定的)教义，信条，教条b  such principles collectively 教理 2  an arrogant declaration of opinion 武断的意见 [Latin from Greek dogma -matos ‘opinion’, from dokeō ‘seem’]

dogman /ˈdɒɡmən/ n. (pl. -men) Austral.  a person giving directional signals to the operator of a crane, often while sitting on the crane's load [澳] (坐在起重机所吊物件上给驾驶员以方向信号的)指令员

dogmatic /dɒɡˈmætik/ adj.  1  a (of a person) given to asserting or imposing personal opinions; arrogant (人)固执己见的；武断的b  intolerantly authoritative 独断的 2  a  of or in the nature of dogma; doctrinal 教条的；主义的；教义的b  based on a priori principles, not on induction 教义的；信条的 □ dogmatically  adv.   [Late Latin dogmaticus from Greek dogmatikos (as DOGMA)]

dogmatics /dɒɡˈmætiks/ n.  1  the study of religious dogmas; dogmatic theology 教义学；教理神学；  2  a system of dogma 教理论 [DOGMATIC]

dogmatism /ˈdɒɡmətiz(ə)m/ n.  a tendency to be dogmatic 教条主义 □ dogmatist  n.   [French dogmatisme from medieval Latin dogmatismus (as DOGMA)]

dogmatize /ˈdɒɡmətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  make positive unsupported assertions; speak dogmatically 武断；武断地提出(或说) 2 tr.  express (a principle etc.) as a dogma 把(原则等)作为教条予以阐述 [French dogmatiser or via Late Latin dogmatizare from Greek (as DOGMA)]

do-gooder /du:ˈɡʊdə/ n.  a well-meaning but unrealistic philanthropist or reformer 不现实的慈善家；空想的社会改良家 □ do-good  /ˈdu:ɡʊd/ adj. & n.  □ do-goodery  n.  □ do-goodism  n.  

dog-paddle n. & v. (also 亦作 doggy-paddle) ●n.  an elementary swimming stroke like that of a dog (游泳的)狗刨式 ●v. intr.  swim using this stroke 用狗刨式游泳

dog rose n.  a wild hedge-rose, Rosa canina Also called 亦称作 brier rose 犬蔷薇(一种野蔷薇)

dogsbody /ˈdɒɡzbɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  a drudge [口]勤杂工，干杂活的(人) 2 Naut. slang  a junior officer 【海】[俚语]低级军官

dog's disease n. Austral. slang  influenza [澳] [俚语]流感

dogshore /ˈdɒɡʃɔ:/ n.  a temporary wooden support for a ship just before launching (船舶下水前用的)止滑斜撑；撑柱

dogskin /ˈdɒɡskin/ n.  leather made of or imitating dog's skin, used for gloves (做手套用的)狗皮；仿狗皮

dog sled n.  a sled designed to be pulled by dogs 狗拖的雪橇

dog's life n.  a life of misery or harassment 悲惨的境遇，受折磨的生活

dog's meat n.  horse's or other flesh as food for dogs; carrion 狗吃的肉；尸体的腐肉

dog's mercury n.  a woodland plant of the spurge family, Mercurialis perennis, with small green flowers (长有小绿花的)多年生山靛

dogs of war n. pl. poet.  the havoc accompanying war [诗]兵燹

dog's-tail n. (also 亦作 dog-tail)  any grass of the genus Cynosurus, esp. C. cristatus, a common pasture grass 洋狗尾草属草(尤指洋狗尾草，一种普通的牧场草)

dog-star n.  Sirius, the brightest star in the sky 天狼星(天空中的最明亮的星) [so called as it appears to follow at the heels of Orion the hunter]

dog's tooth n.  1 (in full 全称 dog's tooth violet)  any plant of the genus Erythronium (lily family), esp. E. dens-canis with speckled leaves, purple flowers, and a toothed perianth 赤莲属植物(百合科，尤指犬齿赤莲，长有褐斑叶子，开紫花、具齿状花被) 2  = DOG-TOOTH 2 

dog tag n.  1  a tag attached to a dog's collar, giving its owner's address etc. (上有主人地址等的)狗牌(照) 2 N. Amer. slang  a soldier's metal identity tag [北美] [俚语] (战时挂在士兵脖上的)身份识别牌

dog-tail var.  of DOG'S-TAIL  DOG'S-TAIL 的变体

dog-tired adj.  tired out 疲惫不堪的

dog-tooth n.  1  a small pointed ornament or moulding, esp. in Norman and Early English architecture (尤指诺尔曼和早期英国哥特式建筑中的)犬齿饰，四叶饰 2  a broken check pattern used esp. in cloth for suits 犬齿状方格花纹(尤用于衣服织物)

dog trials n. pl. Austral. & NZ  a public competitive display of the skills of sheepdogs [澳新] (一种大众化的)牧羊犬技能竞技表演

dogtrot /ˈdɒɡtrɒt/ n.  a gentle easy trot 小跑步，慢跑

dog-violet n.  any of various scentless wild violets, esp. Viola riviniana 野生无香味紫罗兰(尤指黑文尼氏堇菜)

dogwatch /ˈdɒɡwɒtʃ/ n. Naut.  either of two short watches (4 － 6 or 6 － 8 p.m.) 【海】两小时换班的值班，二时班(下午 4 至 6 时或 6 至 8 时)

dogwood /ˈdɒɡwʊd/ n.  1  any of various shrubs of the genus Cornus, esp. the wild cornel, C. sanguinea, with dark red branches, greenish-white flowers, and purple berries, found in woods and hedgerows 狗木(梾木属植物，尤指野生多花狗木) 2  any of various similar trees 类似狗木的树木 3  the wood of the dogwood 狗木木材

DoH abbr. (in the UK) Department of Health [缩略] (英国)卫生部

doh /dəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 do) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth note of a major scale (首调唱名法)大音阶的第 1 音及第 8 音 2  the note C in the fixed-doh system (固定唱法的)C 音 [18th c.: from Italian do, an arbitrarily chosen syllable replacing ut: see GAMUT]

doily /ˈdɔili/ n. (also 亦作 doyley) (pl. -ies or -eys)  a small ornamental mat of paper, lace, etc., on a plate for cakes etc. (纸质、网孔织物等的装饰性)小垫；纸垫；小型饰带 [originally the name of a fabric: from Doiley, the name of a 17th-c. London draper]

doing /ˈdu:iŋ/ n.  1  a  an action; the performance of a deed 动作；行为  famous for his doings  他的事迹出了名 it was my doing  是我所为b  activity, effort 活动；努力  it takes a lot of doing  此事相当困难 2 colloq.  a scolding; a beating [口]骂；打 3 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit. slang  things needed; adjuncts; things whose names are not known [尤英] [俚语]那东西(所需之物、附属物、不知其名的东西)  have we got all the doings?  我们拿到了所有的东西了吗？

doit /dɔit/ n. archaic  a very small amount of money [古义]极小的金额；几文钱 [Middle Low German doyt, Middle Dutch duit, of unknown origin]

do-it-yourself adj. & n. ●adj. (of work, esp. building, painting, decorating, etc.) done or to be done by an amateur at home (尤指建造、绘画、装饰等工作)自己动手的；万事不求人的 ●n.  such work 一切自理；自己动手

dojo /ˈdəʊdʒəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a room or hall in which judo and other martial arts are practised 柔道(或空手道等的)训练学校；柔道馆 2  a mat on which judo etc. is practised 柔道(空手道等的)练习垫 [Japanese, from dō ‘way, pursuit’ + jō ‘a place’]

dol. abbr. [缩略]  dollar(s) 

Dolby /ˈdɒlbi, ˈdəʊl-/ n. propr.  an electronic noise-reduction system used esp. in tape-recording to reduce hiss [商标]杜比降噪系统(尤指在磁带录音中降低嘶嘶声的噪音减弱系统) [named after R. M. Dolby, US inventor]

dolce /ˈdɒltʃei/ adv. & adj. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  sweetly and softly 甜美温柔地 ●adj.  performed in this manner 甜美温柔的 [Italian, = sweet]

dolce far niente /ˌdɒltʃei fɑ: niˈenti, 意 ˌdoltʃe far niˈɛnte/ n.  pleasant idleness 愉悦悠闲 [Italian, = sweet doing nothing]

Dolcelatte /dɒltʃeiˈlæti/ n.  a kind of soft creamy blue-veined cheese from Italy (略呈脉络状奶油蓝的柔软)意大利乳酪 [Italian, = sweet milk]

dolce vita /dɒltʃei ˈvi:tə, 意 doltʃe ˈvi:ta/ n.  a life of pleasure and luxury 愉悦奢华的生活 [Italian, = sweet life]

doldrums /ˈdɒldrəmz/ n. pl. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  1  low spirits; a feeling of boredom or depression 忧郁；厌倦；沮丧 2  a period of inactivity or state of stagnation 不景气(或停滞)时期 3  an equatorial ocean region of calms, sudden storms, and light unpredictable winds 赤道无(少)风带 [probably from dull and tantrum]

dole1 /dəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) Brit. colloq.  benefit claimable by the unemployed from the State [英口] (政府发放的)失业救济金 2  a  charitable distribution 慈善救济b  a charitable (esp. sparing, niggardly) gift of food, clothes, or money (尤指有限或少量发放的)救济品(食品、衣服或金钱) 3 archaic  one's lot or destiny [古义] (人的)运气(或命运) ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  deal out sparingly 少量分发 □ on the dole  colloq.  receiving state benefit for the unemployed [口]接受国家对失业者救助的 [Old English dɑˉl, from Germanic]

dole2 /dəʊl/ n. poet.  grief, woe; lamentation [诗]悲痛；悲哀；哀悼 [Middle English via Old French do(e)l etc. and popular Latin dolus from Latin dolēre ‘grieve’]

dole-bludger n. Austral. slang  a person who allegedly prefers the dole to work [澳] [俚语]宁要救济而不愿工作的人

doleful /ˈdəʊlfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  mournful, sad 悲哀的；忧愁的 2  dreary, dismal 沉闷的；阴沉的 □ dolefully  adv.  □ dolefulness  n.   [Middle English from DOLE2 + -FUL]

dolerite /ˈdɒlərait/ n.  a coarse basaltic rock 粗粒玄武岩；辉绿岩 [French dolérite from Greek doleros ‘deceptive’ (because it is difficult to distinguish from diorite)]

dolichocephalic /ˌdɒlikəʊsiˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. (also 亦作 dolichocephalous /-ˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/)  having a long or narrow head 长头的，狭长头形的 [Greek dolikhos ‘long’ + -CEPHALIC, -CEPHALOUS]

dolina /dɒˈli:nə/ n. (also 亦作 doline /dɒˈli:n/) Geol.  an extensive depression or basin 【地质】(石)灰岩坑；落水洞 [Russian dolina ‘valley’]

doll /dɒl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small model of a human figure, esp. a baby or a child, as a child's toy (尤指小孩或儿童式样的)玩偶 2  a colloq.  a pretty but silly young woman [口]美丽但无头脑的女子b slang  a young woman (or also US a young man), esp. an attractive one [俚语]年轻女子； [亦美] (尤指)英俊少年 3  a ventriloquist's dummy (口技表演者使用的)木偶 ●v. tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 up; often 常作 refl.)  dress up smartly 潇洒地打扮；(把…)打扮得漂漂亮亮 [pet form of the name Dorothy]

dollar /ˈdɒlə/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of the US, Canada, and Australia 元(美国、加拿大和澳大利亚的主要货币单位) 2  the chief monetary unit of certain countries in the Pacific, West Indies, SE Asia, Africa, and S. America 元(在太平洋、西印度群岛、东南亚、非洲以及南美洲的一些国家的主要货币单位) [Low German daler from German Taler, short for Joachimstaler, a coin from the silver mine of Joachimstal, now Jɑˊchymov in the Czech Republic]

dollar area n.  the area in which currency is linked to the US dollar 美元(地)区

dollar diplomacy n.  diplomatic activity aimed at advancing a country's international influence by furthering its financial and commercial interests abroad 金元外交

dollar gap n.  the excess of a country's import trade with the dollar area over the corresponding export trade 美元短缺

dollarization /dɒləraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -sation)  a dominating effect of the US on the economy of a country, esp. the linkage of a currency to the US dollar 美元化； (尤指货币与美元有联系而产生的)美元对一国经济的支配作用

dollar mark n. (also 亦作 dollar sign)  the sign $, representing a dollar 美元标记(或记号)

dollar spot n.  1  a fungal disease of lawns etc. (草地等上由真菌引起的)草坪银元斑病 2  a discoloured patch caused by this 银元斑

dollop /ˈdɒləp/ n. & v. ●n.  a shapeless lump of food etc. (食品等无形状的)块；团 ●v. tr. (dolloped, dolloping) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  serve out in large shapeless quantities (将无形状的食物一份份地)舀取分发 [perhaps from Scandinavian]

doll's house n. (N. Amer. [北美] dollhouse)  1  a miniature toy house for dolls (儿童放玩具娃娃的)玩具房屋 2  a very small house 极小的住所

Dolly /dɒli/   多利 [人名]

dolly /ˈdɒli/ n., v. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a child's name for a doll 娃娃(儿语指玩偶) 2  a movable platform for a cine-camera 移动电影摄影机车(滑动台架) 3 Cricket colloq.  an easy catch or hit 【板球】[口]易接(击)球 4  a stick for stirring clothes in a washtub 洗衣搅棒 5  = CORN DOLLY  6 colloq. [口]  = DOLLY-BIRD  ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  dress up smartly 潇洒地打扮 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  move a cine-camera in or up to a subject, or out from it 移动摄影机车，推摄 ●adj. (dollier, dolliest)  1 Brit. colloq. (esp. of a girl) attractive, stylish [英口] (尤指女孩)动人的；摩登的 2 Cricket colloq.  easily hit or caught 【板球】[口] (球)易击(接)的

dolly-bird n. Brit. colloq.  an attractive and stylish young woman [英口]穿着摩登的漂亮女郎

dolly mixture n. Brit.  any of a mixture of small variously shaped and coloured sweets [英]彩色什锦糖果

Dolly Varden /dɒli ˈvɑ:d(ə)n/ n.  1  a woman's large hat with one side drooping and with a floral trimming 多莉瓦登花饰女帽(一侧面下垂，饰有花边) 2  a brightly spotted char, Salvelinus malma, of western N. America (产于北美西部的)花羔红点斑鲑；多利瓦登红点鲑 [a character in Dickens's Barnaby Rudge]

dolma /ˈdɒlmə/ n. (pl. dolmas or dolmades /-ˈmɑ:ðez/)  a Greek and Turkish delicacy of spiced rice or meat etc. wrapped in vine or cabbage leaves 都玛(希腊及土耳其的大米羊肉等菜叶包) [Turkish from dolmak ‘fill, be filled’: dolmades from modern Greek]

dolman /ˈdɒlmən/ n.  1  a long Turkish robe open in front 土耳其式长袍 2  a hussar's jacket worn with the sleeves hanging loose (轻骑兵穿的)宽袖斗篷式夹克 3  a woman's mantle with capelike or dolman sleeves 披肩式女外衣，蝙蝠袖式女外衣 [ultimately from Turkish dolama]

dolman sleeve n.  a loose sleeve cut in one piece with the body of a garment (披肩式女外衣的)蝙蝠袖

dolmen /ˈdɒlmen/ n.  a megalithic tomb with a large flat stone laid on upright ones 石室冢墓(用石板架成) [French, perhaps from Cornish tolmēn ‘hole of stone’]

dolomite /ˈdɒləmait/ n.  a mineral or rock of calcium magnesium carbonate 白云石 □ dolomitic  /dɒləˈmitik/ adj.   [French, named after D. de Dolomieu, French geologist d. 1801]

dolorous /ˈdɒl(ə)rəs/ adj. literary or joc. [文学用语] [诙]  1  distressing, painful; doleful, dismal 悲伤的；痛苦的；悲哀的；阴沉的 2  distressed, sad 感到悲痛(或悲伤)的 □ dolorously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doleros from Late Latin dolorosus (as DOLOUR)]

dolour /ˈdɒlə/ n. (US [美] dolor) literary  sorrow, distress [文学用语]悲哀；悲伤，伤心 [Middle English via Old French from Latin dolor -oris ‘pain, grief’]

dolphin /ˈdɒlfin/ n.  1  any of various porpoise-like sea mammals of the family Delphinidae having a slender beaklike snout 海豚(海豚科哺乳动物，有喙形吻部) 2  = DORADO 1  3  a bollard, pile, or buoy for mooring 系缆柱；桥桩；停泊浮标 4  a structure for protecting the pier of a bridge 护桥(墩)结构 5 Brit.  a curved fish in heraldry, sculpture, etc. [英] (纹章、雕刻等中的)弯形鱼 [Middle English, also delphin, via Latin delphinus from Greek delphis -inos]

dolphinarium /dɒlfiˈnɛəriəm/ n. (pl. dolphinariums) Brit.  an aquarium for dolphins, esp. one open to the public [英]海豚馆

dolt /dəʊlt/ n.  a stupid person 呆子，笨蛋 □ doltish  adj.  □ doltishly  adv.  □ doltishness  n.   [apparently related to dol, dold, obsolete variant of DULL]

Dom /dɒm/ n.  1  a title prefixed to the names of some Roman Catholic dignitaries, and Benedictine and Carthusian monks 师(对天主教要人、本笃会和天主教加尔都西会的隐修修士的尊称) 2  the Portuguese equivalent of Don (see 见 DON1 2a, b) (葡萄牙语中的)先生，阁下；老爷 [Latin dominus ‘master’: sense 2 via Portuguese]

-dom /dəm/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  state or condition (freedom 自由) 状态；条件 2  rank or status (earldom 伯爵爵位) 等级；职位 3  domain (kingdom 王国) 领土，领地 4  a class of people (or the attitudes etc. associated with them) regarded collectively (officialdom 官场) 群体(或其看法、态度等) [Old English -dōm, originally = DOOM]

domain /də(ʊ)ˈmein/ n.  1  an area under one rule; a realm 领土；界 2  an estate or lands under one control 领地 3  a sphere of control or influence 领域；范围 4 Math.  the set of possible values of an independent variable 【数】域；整环 5 Physics  a discrete region of magnetism in ferromagnetic material 【物理学】(磁)畴 □ domanial  /dəˈmeiniəl/ adj.   [Middle English from French domaine, Old French demeine DEMESNE, associated with Latin dominus ‘lord’]

domaine /dəˈmein/ n.  a vineyard 葡萄园 [French: see DOMAIN]

dome /dəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a rounded vault as a roof, with a circular, elliptical, or polygonal base; a large cupola 圆屋顶，穹顶b  the revolving openable hemispherical roof of an observatory (能旋转开启的半球形)天文观测圆顶室 2  a  a natural vault or canopy (of the sky, trees, etc.) 苍穹；树冠(林冠等)b  the rounded summit of a hill etc. (山等的)圆形峰顶 3 Geol.  a dome-shaped structure 【地质】穹地，圆丘，穹丘 4 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 5 poet.  a stately building [诗]雄伟的建筑物，大厦 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 domed adj.)  cover with or shape as a dome 加穹顶(状物)的；似穹顶状的 □ domelike  adj.   [French dôme via Italian duomo ‘cathedral, dome’ from Latin domus ‘house’]

Domesday /ˈdu:mzdei/ n. (in full 全称 Domesday Book)  a record of the lands of England made in 1086 by order of William I (1086 年威廉一世下命编写的) (英国)土地调查清册 [Middle English variant of DOOMSDAY, as being a book of final authority]

domestic /dəˈmestik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the home, household, or family affairs 家的；家庭的；家务的 2  a  of one's own country, not foreign or international 国内的b  home-grown or home-made 本地的；自制的 3 (of an animal) kept by or living with humans (动物)非野生的；驯养的 4  fond of home life 喜爱家庭生活的 ●n.  a household servant 家仆，佣人 □ domestically  adv.   [French domestique from Latin domesticus, from domus ‘home’]

domesticate /dəˈmestikeit/ v. tr.  1  tame (an animal) to live with humans (动物)驯养，驯化 2  accustom to home life and management 使爱家；使喜爱(或习惯)家庭生活 3  naturalize (a plant or animal) 使(动、植物)驯化 □ domesticable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ domestication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin domesticare (as DOMESTIC)]

domesticity /dɒmeˈstisiti, dəʊm-/ n.  1  the state of being domestic 深居简出 2  domestic or home life 家庭事务，家庭生活

domestic science n.  the study of household management 家政学

domicile /ˈdɒmisail, -sil/ n. & v. (also 亦作 domicil /-sil/) ●n.  1  a dwelling place; one's home 住处，住所；住宅 2 Law 【法律】  a  a place of permanent residence 永久住处b  the fact of residing 居住 3  the place at which a bill of exchange is made payable 汇票支付场所 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. as 通常作 domiciled adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in)  establish or settle in a place 使定居 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  make (a bill of exchange) payable at a certain place 使(汇票)在指定的支付场所支付 [Middle English via Old French from Latin domicilium, from domus ‘home’]

domiciliary /dɒmiˈsiliəri/ adj.  of a dwelling place (esp. Brit. of a doctor's, official's, etc., visit to a person's home [尤英] (医生、官员等的)登门出诊的；造访的) 住所的；住处的 [French domiciliaire from medieval Latin domiciliarius (as DOMICILE)]

dominance /ˈdɒminəns/ n.  1  the state of being dominant 统治(或支配)地位 2  control, authority 统制；权威

dominant /ˈdɒminənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  dominating, prevailing, most influential 占优势的；主要的；最有影响的 2 (of a high place) prominent, overlooking others (高处)显著(或显眼)的；居高临下的 3  a (of an allele) expressed even when inherited from only one parent (等位基因)显性的(表明只继承父母一方的基因)b (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in an individual even when its allelic counterpart is also inherited (cf. 参见 RECESSIVE) (遗传特征中父母双方基因均被继承但一方)优势的；主导的 ●n. Mus.  the fifth note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】属音，自然音阶的第五音 □ dominantly  adv.   [French from Latin dominari (as DOMINATE)]

dominate /ˈdɒmineit/ v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over) intr.  have a commanding influence on; exercise control over 支配；占优势  fear dominated them for years  多年来他们一直生活在恐惧之中 dominates over his friends  支配他的朋友 2 intr. (of a person, sound, feature of a scene, etc.) be the most influential or conspicuous (人、声音、场景等)在…中占主要地位，占优势 3 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over) intr. (of a building etc.) have a commanding position over; overlook (建筑物等)耸立于；俯瞰，眺望 □ dominator  n.   [Latin dominari dominat- from dominus ‘lord’]

domination /dɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  command, control 支配；控制 2  the act or an instance of dominating; the process of being dominated 统治；主宰 3 (in pl. 用复数)  angelic beings of the fourth order of the celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 统治天使(天国中第四等级的天使) [Middle English via Old French from Latin dominatio -onis (as DOMINATE)]

dominatrix /dɒmiˈneitriks/ n. (pl. dominatrices /-trisi:z/)  a female dominator or ruler, esp. in sadomasochistic practices (尤指在施虐受虐性关系中虐待性伴侣的)女性施虐狂 [Latin]

domineer /dɒmiˈniə/ v. intr. (often as 常作 domineering adj.)  behave in an arrogant and overbearing way 飞扬跋扈，横行霸道 □ domineeringly  adv.   [Dutch dominieren from French dominer]

Dominic /ˈdɒminik/   多米尼克 [人名]

Dominica   多米尼克

dominical /dəˈminik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the Lord's day, of Sunday 主的；主日的；星期日的 2  of the Lord (Jesus Christ) 基督(耶稣基督)的 [French dominical or Latin dominicalis from Latin dominicus, from dominus ‘lord’]

dominical letter n. (in the Christian Church) one of the seven letters A － G used to indicate the dates of Sundays in a year (基督教会中)主日字母(教历中表示星期日的字母，以 A 至 G 的 7 个字母分别代表一年的首 7 日)■Usage 用法说明 The seven letters A － G are used in succession to denote the first seven days of the year (Jan. 1 － 7), then in rotation for the rest of the days, so that if, for example, Jan. 3 be a Sunday, the dominical letter for the year is C. 用 A 至 G 的 7 个字母连续表示一年的头 7 天 (1 月 1 日至 7 日), 然后循环使用表示其余的日子。例如：如果 1 月 3 日是星期日，当年的主日字母就是 C 。 

Dominican /dəˈminik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to St Dominic or the order of preaching friars which he founded in 1215 － 16 (有关)圣多明我的； (有关)多明我会的 2  of or relating to either of the two orders of female religious founded on Dominican principles (有关建立在多明我会教义上的)两个女多明我教派中的任何一个 ●n.  a Dominican friar, nun, or sister (see also 另见 BLACK FRIAR) 多明我会修道士(修女或姐妹) [medieval Latin Dominicanus from Dominicus, the Latin name of Domingo de Guzmán (St Dominic)]

Dominican Republic   多米尼加共和国

dominie /ˈdɒmini/ n. Sc.  a schoolmaster [苏格兰]教师 [later spelling of domine ‘sir’, vocative of Latin dominus ‘lord’]

dominion /dəˈminjən/ n.  1  sovereignty, control 主权，统治权；控制 2  the territory of a sovereign or government; a domain 领土；领地；领域 3 hist.  the title of each of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth [史义] (英联邦)自治领 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin dominio -onis from Latin dominium, from dominus ‘lord’]

domino /ˈdɒminəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  any of 28 small oblong pieces marked with 0 － 6 pips in each half 多米诺骨牌b (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a game played with these 多米诺骨牌游戏 2  a loose cloak with a mask for the upper part of the face, worn at masquerades (在化装舞会上穿的带有面具的)连帽化装斗篷 [French, probably from Latin dominus ‘lord’, but unexplained]

domino effect n. (also 亦作 domino theory)  the effect whereby (or the theory that) one event will cause a sequence of similar events, like a row of falling dominoes 多米诺效应(理论)，骨牌效应

Don /dɒn/   唐 [人名]

don1 /dɒn/ n.  1  a university teacher, esp. a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge 先生，阁下，君(尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学的导师或研究员) 2 (作 Don)  a  a Spanish title prefixed to a male forename 先生；堂；唐(西班牙人用于男子人名前的尊称)b  a Spanish gentleman; a Spaniard 西班牙贵族(或绅士；) 西班牙人c N. Amer. slang  a high-ranking member of the Mafia [北美] [俚语]黑手党头目 [Spanish from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

don2 /dɒn/ v. tr. (donned, donning)  put on (clothing) 穿(或披)上(衣服) [= do on]

dona /ˈdəʊnə/ n. (also 亦作 donah) Brit. slang  a woman; a sweetheart [英] [俚语]女人；情人 [Spanish doña or Portuguese dona from Latin (as DONNA)]

Donald /ˈdɒnəld/   唐纳德 [人名]

donate /də(ʊ)ˈneit/ v. tr.  give or contribute (money etc.), esp. voluntarily to a fund or institution (尤指自愿向基金会、机构)捐赠(钱等；) 赠与 □ donator  n.   [back-formation from DONATION]

donation /də(ʊ)ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of donating 捐赠；赠与 2  something, esp. an amount of money, donated 捐赠物(尤指捐款) [Middle English via Old French from Latin donatio -onis, from donare ‘give’ from donum ‘gift’]

donative /ˈdəʊnətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a gift or donation, esp. one given formally or officially as a largess (尤指正式的、官方的)捐赠物；赠品 ●adj.  1  given as a donation or bounty 捐赠的；赠与的 2 hist. (of a benefice) given directly, not presentative [史义] (圣俸)直接给予的 [Middle English from Latin donativum ‘gift, largess’, from donare: see DONATION]

done /dʌn/ past part. of DO1; adj.  1 colloq.  socially acceptable [口] (社交中)得体的；合乎规矩的  the done thing  天经地义的事 it isn't done  不合规矩 2 (often with 常和 in, up 连用) colloq.  tired out [口]疲乏不堪的 3 (esp. as int. in reply to an offer etc.)  accepted (尤作为感叹词对提议等的回答)行；好 □ be done with   have finished with, be finished with 完成，了结□ done for  colloq.  in serious trouble [口]处于严重困境中，不行了□ have done   have ceased or finished 结束，停止，完成□ have done with   be rid of; have finished dealing with 摆脱；了结；和…断绝关系

donee /dəʊˈni:/ n.  the recipient of a gift 受赠者 [DONOR + -EE]

doner kebab /ˈdɒnə, ˈdəʊnə/ n.  spiced lamb cooked on a spit and served in slices, often with pitta bread 烤羊肉串(加调味料的嫩羊肉在烤肉铁签上烧烤，切成薄片食用) [Turkish döner ‘rotating’ + KEBAB]

dong1 /dɒŋ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make the deep sound of a large bell 发出铛铛的钟声 2 tr. Austral. & NZ colloq.  hit, punch [澳新口]打击；用拳猛击 ●n.  1  the deep sound of a large bell 铛(大钟深沉的声音) 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  a heavy blow [澳新口]沉重的打击 3 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎，鸡巴 [imitative]

dong2 /dɒŋ/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Vietnam 盾(越南货币单位) [Vietnamese]

donga /ˈdɒŋɡə/ n. S. Afr. & Austral. [南非] [澳]  1  a dry watercourse 干河道 2  a ravine caused by erosion 沟壑，峡谷 [Nguni]

dongle /ˈdɒŋɡ(ə)l/ n. Computing  a security attachment which is needed for the use of protected computer software 【计算】道尔芯片(保护计算机软件的安全附件) [arbitrary formation]

donjon /ˈdɒndʒ(ə)n, ˈdʌn-/ n.  the great tower or innermost keep of a castle (中世纪)城堡主塔 [archaic spelling of DUNGEON]

Don Juan /dɒn ˈdʒʊən, ˈwɑ:n, ˈxwɑ:n/ n.  a seducer of women; a libertine 唐璜；玩弄女性的色情骗子；放荡不羁者 [name of a legendary Spanish nobleman celebrated in fiction, e.g. by Byron]

donkey /ˈdɒŋki/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a domestic ass 驴 2 colloq.  a stupid or foolish person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 [earlier with pronunciation as monkey: perhaps from DUN1, or the name Duncan]

donkey derby n.  a race between competitors riding donkeys 骑驴大赛

donkey engine n.  a small auxiliary engine 轻便(辅助)发动机

donkey jacket n. Brit.  a thick weatherproof jacket worn by workers and as a fashion garment [英] (野外作业穿的)风雨衣；防风厚上衣

donkey's years n. pl. colloq.  a very long time [口]很久；多年

donkey work n.  the laborious part of a job; drudgery 艰苦的活；单调枯燥的工作

donna /ˈdɒnə/ n.  1  an Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese lady 意大利(西班牙或葡萄牙)女士 2 (作 Donna)  a title prefixed to the forename of such a lady (用在人名前的尊称)夫人，女士 [Italian from Latin domina ‘mistress’, fem. of dominus: cf. DON1]

donnish /ˈdɒniʃ/ adj.  like or resembling a college don, esp. in supposed pedantry 大学学监(似)的(尤指装模作样的；卖弄学问的) □ donnishly  adv.  □ donnishness  n.  

donnée /ˈdɒnei, 法 dɔne/ n. (also 亦作 donné)  1  the subject or theme of a story etc. (故事等的)主题 2  a basic fact or assumption 基本事实；基本假设 [French, fem. or masc. past part. of donner ‘give’]

donor /ˈdəʊnə, -nɔ:/ n.  1  a person who gives or donates something (e.g. to a charity) (如给慈善事业的)赠送者；捐赠人 2  a person who provides blood for a transfusion, semen for insemination, or an organ or tissue for transplantation 供血者；(人工授精的)精液提供者；(组织、器官等移植的)提供者 3 Chem.  an atom or molecule that provides a pair of electrons in forming a coordinate bond 【化】给(予)体；供体(提供一对电子的原子或分子) 4 Physics  an impurity atom in a semiconductor which contributes a conducting electron to the material 【物理学】施主性杂质 [Middle English via Anglo-French donour, Old French doneur from Latin donator -oris, from donare ‘give’]

donor card n.  an official card authorizing use of organs for transplant, carried by the donor 捐献者卡片，供者卡片

don't /dəʊnt/ contr.  do not; n. a prohibition [缩合]不；禁令，禁止  dos and don'ts  行为规范

donut US var.  of DOUGHNUT [美] DOUGHNUT 的变体

doodad /ˈdu:dæd/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DOODAH  [20th c.: origin unknown]

doodah /ˈdu:dɑ:/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a fancy article; a trivial ornament 小摆设；小装饰物 2  a gadget or ‘thingummy’ 小装置，小玩意儿；那东西 □ all of a doodah   excited, dithering 兴奋；慌张 [from the refrain of the song Camptown Races]

doodle /ˈdu:d(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  scribble or draw, esp. absent-mindedly (尤指漫不经心地)涂鸦 ●n.  a scrawl or drawing so made 涂鸦的东西 □ doodler  n.   [originally = foolish person: from Low German dudelkopf]

doodlebug /ˈdu:d(ə)lbʌɡ/ n.  1 US  any of various insects, esp. the larva of an ant-lion [美]蚁蛉(尤指狮蛉) 2 US  an unscientific device for locating minerals [美] (用于探矿的)占卜器 3 Brit. colloq.  a flying bomb [英口]飞弹

doodly-squat var.  of DIDDLY-SQUAT  DIDDLY-SQUAT 的变体

doohickey /ˈdu:hiki/ n. (pl. -eys) N. Amer. colloq.  a small object, esp. mechanical [北美口] (尤指机械)小玩意儿 [DOODAD + HICKEY]

doojigger /ˈdu:dʒiɡə/ n. US colloq. [美口]  = DOOHICKEY  [DOODAD + JIGGER1]

doom /du:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a grim fate or destiny 厄运；劫数b  death or ruin 死亡；毁灭 2  a  a condemnation; a judgement or sentence 谴责；宣判；判决b  the Last Judgement 上帝的最后审判，末日审判  the crack of doom  世界末日 3 hist.  a statute, law, or decree [史义]法律；法令；法规 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  condemn or destine 判定；注定  a city doomed to destruction  注定要毁灭的城市 2 (esp. as 尤作 doomed adj.)  consign to misfortune or destruction (厄运、毁灭)注定的；命定的 [Old English dōm ‘statute, judgement’, from Germanic: related to DO1]

doom-laden adj.  portending, suggesting, or predicting doom 预示的，预料的，预言末日的

doomsayer /ˈdu:mseiə/ n.  a person who predicts disaster, esp. in politics or economics (尤指政治、经济方面的)凶事预示者；预言灾难者 □ doomsaying  n.  

doomsday /ˈdu:mzdei/ n.  the day of the Last Judgement 世界末日 □ till doomsday   for ever (cf. 参见 DOMESDAY) 直到世界末日；永远 [Old English dōmes dœg: see DOOM]

doomster /ˈdu:mstə/ n.  = DOOMSAYER  [variant of DEEMSTER on the pattern of DOOM v.]

doomwatch /ˈdu:mwɒtʃ/ n.  organized vigilance or observation to avert danger, esp. from environmental pollution (尤指对环境污染的)环境保护观测；环境监测 □ doomwatcher  n.  

Doona /ˈdu:nə/ n. Austral. propr. [澳] [商标]  a quilted eiderdown or duvet 羽绒被 [20th c.: origin unknown]

door /dɔ:/ n.  1  a  a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier for closing and opening an entrance to a building, room, cupboard, etc. (建筑物、房间、橱柜等的)门；拉门，旋转门b  this as representing a house etc. 家(户等)  lives two doors away  住在两个门面之外 2  a  an entrance or exit; a doorway 入口，出口；通道b  a means of access or approach 途径；门路 □ close the door to   exclude the opportunity for 把…排除在外；使…没有可能□ lay (or lie) at the door of   impute (or be imputable) to 归(咎)于；可归(咎)于□ leave the door open   ensure that an option remains available 不把门关死；保留可能性□ open the door to   create an opportunity for 给…提供机会□ doored  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English duru, dor, from Germanic]

doorbell /ˈdɔ:bel/ n.  a bell in a house etc. rung by visitors outside to signal their arrival (家等的)门铃

doorcase /ˈdɔ:keis/ n. (also 亦作 door frame)  the structure into which a door is fitted 门框

do-or-die attrib. adj.  denoting a determination not to be deterred by any danger or difficulty 拼死的；破釜沉舟的

door head n.  the upper part of a doorcase 门框上槛

doorkeeper /ˈdɔ:ki:pə/ n.  = DOORMAN 

doorknob /ˈdɔ:nɒb/ n.  a knob for turning to release the latch of a door 球形门把手

doorknock /ˈdɔ:nɒk/ n. Austral.  a campaign of house visits to collect for charity, promote a cause, etc. [澳] (为慈善筹款、促进事业等)登门访问活动

door knocker n.  1  a handle of metal or wood fixed to a door by a hinge to allow visitors to signal their arrival by knocking 门环 2  a person who visits a number of houses to sell products, canvass votes, etc. (产品)登门促销者； (选票等)拉选票者

doorman /ˈdɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person on duty at the door to a large building; a janitor or porter 看门人，门房，门卫

doormat /ˈdɔ:mæt/ n.  1  a mat at an entrance for wiping mud etc. from the shoes (放于门前蹭掉鞋上泥等的)擦鞋垫 2  a feebly submissive person 逆来顺受的可怜虫；甘受屈辱的受气包

doornail /ˈdɔ:neil/ n.  a nail with which doors were studded for strength or ornament (加固或作为装饰用的)护门帽钉 □ dead as a doornail   completely or unmistakably dead 完全死了的；确实无疑死了的

door plate n.  a plate on the door of a house or room bearing the name of the occupant 门牌；户名牌

doorpost /ˈdɔ:pəʊst/ n.  each of the uprights of a door frame 门柱；门框边框

doorstep /ˈdɔ:step/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a step leading up to the outer door of a house etc. (房子等的)门阶 2 Brit. slang  a thick slice of bread [英] [俚语]厚面包片 ●v. (-stepped, -stepping) Brit. [英]  1 intr.  go from door to door selling, canvassing, etc. 挨门挨户地推销(拉选票等) 2 tr. (of a reporter) wait on the doorstep for (a person), to obtain an interview, photograph, etc. (记者)在门口等候(以求接见或拍照等) 3 tr.  leave (a child) to the care of someone else 把(孩子)托付给别人照看 □ on one's (or the) doorstep   very close 非常靠近，在某人旁

doorstop /ˈdɔ:stɒp/ n.  a device for keeping a door open or to prevent it from striking a wall etc. when opened (保持门敞开或防止门开得太猛而撞墙的)门掣，制门器

door-to-door adj. (of selling etc.) done at each house in turn (销售等)挨家挨户的

doorway /ˈdɔ:wei/ n.  an opening filled by a door 门口，出入口

dooryard /ˈdɔ:jɑ:d/ n. N. Amer.  a yard or garden near a house door [北美] (门前)庭院

doozy /ˈdu:zi/ n. (also 亦作 doozie) (pl. -ies) N. Amer. slang  something amazing, remarkable, or incredible [北美] [俚语]极好的(非常显眼的或异乎寻常的)东西 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

dop /dɒp/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a cheap kind of brandy 廉价白兰地 2  a tot of liquor 一小杯酒 [Afrikaans]

dopa /ˈdəʊpə/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid derivative which is a precursor of dopamine See also 另见 L-DOPA 【生化】多巴，二羟基苯丙氨酸 [German from Dioxyphenylalanine, former name of the compound]

dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmi:n/ n. Biochem.  an amine present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin 【生化】多巴胺 [DOPA + AMINE]

dopant /ˈdəʊp(ə)nt/ n. Electronics  a substance used in doping a semiconductor 【电子学】搀质(用于半导体中的搀杂物)

dope /dəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a varnish applied to the cloth surface of aeroplane parts to strengthen them, keep them airtight, etc. 涂布胶漆；飞机翼布涂料(用于飞机部件的布表面的清漆，用以增加强度、密封性等) 2  a thick liquid used as a lubricant etc. (用作润滑剂等的)黏稠剂 3  a substance added to petrol etc. to increase its effectiveness (为提高效能增添到汽油里的)添加剂 4  a slang  a narcotic; a stupefying drug [俚语]毒品；麻醉药b  a drug etc. given to a horse or greyhound, or taken by an athlete, to affect performance (赛马、跑狗、运动员等非法服用的)兴奋剂(药品等) 5 slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨人 6 slang [俚语]  a  information about a subject, esp. if not generally known (尤指不为大家所知的)内幕信息b  misleading information 误导信息，假情报 ●v.  1 tr.  administer dope to, drug 给…服用兴奋剂(麻醉剂) 2 tr. Electronics  add an impurity to (a semiconductor) to produce a desired electrical characteristic 【电子学】(为产生所要求的电气特性而)增加(半导体的)不纯度；搀杂 3 tr.  smear, daub; apply dope to 涂(抹)涂料于… 4 intr.  take addictive drugs 吸毒(成瘾) □ dope out  slang  discover [俚语]想出；解出；发现□ doper  n.   [Dutch doop ‘sauce’ from doopen ‘to dip’]

dopey /ˈdəʊpi/ adj. (also 亦作 dopy) (dopier, dopiest) colloq. [口]  1  a  half asleep 半睡的b  stupefied by or as if by a drug 被麻醉的；昏昏沉沉的 2  stupid, silly 笨的；迟钝的 □ dopily  adv.  □ dopiness  n.  

doppelgɑ¨nger /ˈdɒp(ə)lɡeŋə, -ɡæŋə/ n.  an apparition or double of a living person 幽灵；面貌极相似的人 [German, literally ‘double-goer’]

Dopper /ˈdɒpə/ n. S. Afr.  a member of the Gereformeerde Kerk, a strictly orthodox Calvinistic denomination, usu. regarded as old-fashioned in ideas etc. [南非]深浸派(荷兰归正会)成员(通常为严谨的正统加尔文派) [Afrikaans: origin unknown]

Doppler effect /ˈdɒplə/ n. (also 亦作 Doppler shift) Physics  an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards (or away) from each other 【物理学】多普勒效应 [named after C. J. Doppler, Austrian physicist d. 1853]

dopy var.  of DOPEY  DOPEY 的变体

dor /dɔ:/ n. (in full 全称 dor-beetle)  a beetle that makes a buzzing sound in flight, esp. a dung-beetle of the genus Geotrupes 金龟子(飞时发出嗡嗡声音的昆虫，尤指地洞金龟属的粪金龟) [Old English dora]

Dora /ˈdɔ:rə/   多拉 [人名]

dorado /dəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a blue and silver marine fish, Coryphaena hippurus, showing brilliant colours when alive also called 亦称作 dolphin 鲯鳅 2  a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Salminus maxillosus, native to S. America 金脂鲤(原产南美的金黄色的淡水鱼) [Spanish from Late Latin deauratus ‘gilt’, from aurum ‘gold’]

Doreen /dɔˈri:n, ˈdɔ:ri:n/   多琳 [人名]

Dorene /dɔ:ri:n/   多琳 [人名]

Dorian /ˈdɔ:riən/ n. & adj. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  a Greek-speaking people thought to have entered Greece from the north c. 1100 BC and settled in parts of Central and S. Greece (古希腊中南部的)多利安人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Dorians or to Doris in Central Greece (有关)多利安人的；多利斯的 [Latin Dorius from Greek Dōrios, from Dōros, the name of their mythical ancestor]

Dorian mode n.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale D － D 多利亚调式

Doric /ˈdɒrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a dialect) broad, rustic (方言)乡土音重的 2 Archit.  of the oldest, sturdiest, and simplest of the Greek orders 【建】(古希腊建筑物)多利斯式的 3  of or relating to the ancient Greek dialect of the Dorians (古希腊) (有关)多利斯方言的 ●n.  1  rustic English or esp. Scots 英国的土方言(尤指苏格兰方言) 2 Archit.  the Doric order 【建】多利斯柱式 3  the dialect of the Dorians in ancient Greece (古希腊)多利斯方言 [Latin Doricus from Greek Dōrikos (as DORIAN)]

Doris /ˈdɒris/   多丽丝 [人名]

dork /dɔ:k/ n. slang [俚语]  1  the penis 阴茎，鸡巴 2  a stupid or contemptible person 愚笨(或卑鄙)的人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dorm /dɔ:m/ n. colloq.  dormitory [口]宿舍 [abbreviation]

dormant /ˈdɔ:m(ə)nt/ adj.  1  lying inactive as in sleep; sleeping 静止的；睡眠的 2  a (of a volcano etc.) temporarily inactive (火山等)暂停活动的b (of potential faculties etc.) in abeyance (潜能等)潜在的，潜伏的 3 (of plants) alive but not actively growing (植物)休眠期的；在休眠期进行的 4 Heraldry (of a beast) lying with its head on its paws 【纹章学】(野兽把头卧于爪上)卧睡的 □ dormancy  n.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of dormir, from Latin dormire ‘sleep’]

dormer /ˈdɔ:mə/ n. (in full 全称 dormer window)  a projecting upright window in a sloping roof 屋顶窗；老虎窗 [formerly = the window of a dormitory or bedroom: Old French dormëor (as DORMANT)]

dormer bungalow n.  a two-storeyed house with dormer windows in the upper storey 顶层开有屋顶窗的两层楼房

dormitory /ˈdɔ:mit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sleeping room with several beds, esp. in a school or institution (尤指学校或机关单位的) (大)寝室，宿舍 2 (in full 全称 dormitory town etc.)  a small town or suburb from which people travel to work in a city etc. (在市内等工作的)郊外居住区 3 US  a university or college hall of residence or hostel [美]大学(或学院)的学生宿舍 [Middle English from Latin dormitorium, from dormire dormit- ‘sleep’]

Dormobile /ˈdɔ:mə(ʊ)bi:l/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of motor caravan with a rear compartment convertible for sleeping and eating in [英] [商标] (后部可睡觉、吃饭的)行卧两用汽车 [blend of DORMITORY, AUTOMOBILE]

dormouse /ˈdɔ:maʊs/ n. (pl. dormice)  any mouselike rodent of the family Gliridae, often having a bushy tail, esp. Muscardinus avellanarius, noted for its long hibernation (榛睡鼠科的)冬眠鼠(尤指榛睡鼠) [Middle English: origin unknown, but associated with French dormir, Latin dormire: see DORMANT]

dormy /ˈdɔ:mi/ adj. Golf (of a player or side) ahead by as many holes as there are holes left to play 【高尔夫球】(比赛选手或一方)领先洞数与待击洞数相等的  dormy five  领先待击 5 洞 [19th c.: origin unknown]

doronicum /dəˈrɒnikəm/ n.  = LEOPARD'S BANE  [modern Latin (Linnaeus), ultimately from Arabic darɑˉnaj]

Dorothy /ˈdɒrəθi/   多萝西 [人名]

dorp /dɔ:p/ n. S. Afr.  a village or small township [南非]村落；小镇 [Dutch (as THORP)]

dorsal /ˈdɔ:s(ə)l/ adj. Anat., Zool. & Bot. 【解】【动】【植】  1  of, on, or near the back (cf. 参见 VENTRAL) 背部的；在背部上的；背部旁的 2  ridge-shaped 背脊状的；隆起的 □ dorsally  adv.   [French dorsal or Late Latin dorsalis from Latin dorsum ‘back’]

dorsum /ˈdɔ:səm/ n. Anat. & Zool.  the dorsal part of an organism or structure 【解】【动】背；背部 [Latin, = back]

dory1 /ˈdɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a marine fish of the family Zeidae, with a thin deep body, esp. the John Dory (海鲂科)鱼类(尤指海鲂) [Middle English from French dorée, fem. past part. of dorer ‘gild’ (as DORADO)]

dory2 /ˈdɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. & W.Ind.  a flat-bottomed fishing boat with high sides [北美和西印]平底高帮小渔船 [Miskito dóri ‘dugout’]

doryphore /ˈdɒrifɔ:/ n.  a self-righteously pedantic critic (自认为正直的)迂腐评论家 [French, = Colorado beetle, from Greek doruphoros ‘spear-carrier’]

DOS /dɒs/ n. Computing  a program for manipulating information on a disk 【计算】(计算机)磁盘操作系统 [abbreviation of disk operating system]

dosage /ˈdəʊsidʒ/ n.  1  the size of a dose of medicine, radiation, etc. (药、辐射等的)剂量；用量 2  the giving of medicine in doses 配药

dose /dəʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an amount of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at one time (一次的)剂量 2  a quantity of something administered or allocated (e.g. work, praise, punishment, etc.) (如工作、赞扬、惩罚等)一份，一点，一番 3  the amount of ionizing radiation received by a person or thing 致电离辐射吸收量 4 slang  a venereal infection [俚语]花柳病 ●v. tr.  1  treat (a person or animal) with doses of medicine 按剂量给(某人或动物)服药 2  give a dose or doses to (按剂量)开药 3  adulterate or blend (esp. wine with spirit) (尤指给酒)加增味剂 □ like a dose of salts  Brit. colloq.  very fast and efficiently [英口]迅速地，一下子 [French via Late Latin dosis from Greek dosis ‘gift’, from didōmi ‘give’]

do-se-do /dəʊziˈdəʊ, -si-/ n. (also 亦作 do-si-do) (pl. -os)  a figure in which two dancers pass round each other back to back and return to their original positions 两个舞蹈者背对背互换位置的舞步 [corruption of DOS-À-DOS]

dosh /dɒʃ/ n. Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dosimeter /dəʊˈsimitə/ n. (also 亦作 dosemeter /ˈdəʊsmi:tə/)  a device used to measure an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation (测量致电离辐射的)剂量计，放射量测定器 □ dosimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ dosimetry  n.  

doss /dɒs/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  sleep, esp. roughly or in cheap lodgings (尤指在便宜旅馆里凑合)过夜 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  spend time idly 懒散度日 ●n.  1  a bed, esp. in cheap lodgings (尤指便宜旅馆中的)床 2  an easy task; an opportunity for, or spell of, idling 一件易事；一个机会；一段空闲 [18th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps ultimately from Latin dorsum ‘back’]

dossal /ˈdɒs(ə)l/ n.  a hanging cloth behind an altar or round a chancel (祭坛后面或圣坛四周的)幔布 [medieval Latin dossale from Late Latin dorsalis DORSAL]

dosser /ˈdɒsə/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a person who dosses 住下等客房的人，住简陋客店的人 2  = DOSS-HOUSE 

doss-house n. Brit.  a cheap lodging house, esp. for vagrants [英] (尤指供流浪者投宿的)廉价客栈

dossier /ˈdɒsiə, -iei, -jei/ n.  a set of documents, esp. a collection of information about a person, event, or subject (尤指某人、某事件或某专题的全部)档案；卷宗 [French, so called from the label on the back, from dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum]

dost /dʌst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of DO1 

dos-ɑˋ-dos /dəʊzəˈdəʊ, 法 dozado/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of two books) bound together with a shared central board and facing in opposite directions (两本书共一个封面的)合装本的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a seat, carriage, etc., in which the occupants sit back to back (cf. 参见 DO-SE-DO) 背靠背坐椅(或坐位等；) 背靠背(乘坐的)敞篷车 [French, = back to back]

DoT abbr. (in the UK) Department of Transport [缩略] (英国)运输部

Dot /dɒt/   多特 [人名]

dot1 /dɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small spot, speck, or mark 点，小(圆)点b  such a mark written or printed as part of an i or j, as a diacritical mark, as one of a series of marks to signify omission, or as a full stop (i 或 j 上的)点状物；发音符号；省略号的点；句点c  a decimal point 小数点 2 Mus.  a dot used to denote the lengthening of a note or rest, or to indicate staccato 【音】附点；顿音(断奏)记号 3  the shorter signal of the two used in Morse code. (cf. 参见 DASH n. 6) (莫尔斯电码中的)点 4  a tiny or apparently tiny object 微小(或明显微小)的物体  a dot on the horizon  在地平线上的一个小黑点 ●v. tr. (dotted, dotting)  1  a  mark with a dot or dots 用点来做标记b  place a dot over (a letter) (在字母上)加一个点 2 Mus.  mark (a note or rest) to show that the time value is increased by half 【音】给(音符或休止符)加附点 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  scatter like dots 星星点点地散布开来 4  partly cover as with dots 如同以点覆盖  a sea dotted with ships  星星点点散布着船只的海面 5 Brit. slang  hit [英] [俚语]狠击  dotted him one in the eye  朝他眼上猛击一拳 □ dot the i's and cross the t's  colloq. [口]  1  be minutely accurate, emphasize details 一丝不苟；重视细节 2  add the final touches to a task, exercise, etc. 对(任务、作业等)作最后的润色，加工□ on the dot   exactly on time 准时□ the year dot  Brit. colloq.  a time far in the past [英口]在遥远的过去□ dotter  n.   [Old English dott ‘head of a boil’, perhaps influenced by Dutch dot ‘knot’]

dot2 /dɒt, 法 dɒt/ n.  a woman's dowry 女人的嫁妆 [French, from Latin dos dotis, related to dare ‘give’]

dotage /ˈdəʊtidʒ/ n.  feeble-minded senility 老年昏聩；衰老  in his dotage  他年老昏庸 [from DOTE + -AGE, cf. French radotage, from radoter ‘ ramble on’]

dotard /ˈdəʊtəd/ n.  a person who is feeble-minded, esp. from senility 老糊涂(尤指年老昏聩之人) [Middle English from DOTE + -ARD]

dote /dəʊt/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be foolishly or excessively fond of 溺爱；过分喜爱 2  be silly or feeble-minded, esp. from old age (尤指因年老而)昏聩；智力衰退 □ doter  n.  □ dotingly  adv.   [Middle English, corresponding to Middle Dutch doten ‘be silly’]

doth /dʌθ/ archaic [古义] 3rd sing. present  of DO1 

dot matrix n.  a regular array of positions that are filled selectively to create a character (on a screen or on paper) (用来组成屏幕或纸上图形字符的点的)矩阵；点阵

dot matrix printer n.  a printer with characters formed from dots printed by configurations of the tips of small wires 点(或矩)阵打印机

dotted line n.  a line of dots on a document, esp. to show a place left for a signature 点线，虚线(尤指标出供签字的地方)

dotterel /ˈdɒt(ə)r(ə)l/ n.  a small migratory plover, Eudromias morinellus 小嘴鸻(一种小型候鸟) [Middle English from DOTE + -REL, named from the ease with which it is caught, taken to indicate stupidity]

Dottie /ˈdɒti/   多蒂 [人名]

dottle /ˈdɒt(ə)l/ n.  a remnant of unburnt tobacco in a pipe 残烟丝 [DOT1 + -LE1]

dotty /ˈdɒti/ adj. (dottier, dottiest) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  feeble-minded, silly 傻的，愚蠢的 2  eccentric 古怪的 3  absurd 荒谬的 4 (foll. by 后跟 about, on)  infatuated with; obsessed by 迷恋(着迷)的 □ dottily  adv.  □ dottiness  n.   [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Douala /duˈɑ:lə/ n.  杜阿拉 [喀麦隆港市]

douane /du:ˈɑ:n/ n.  a foreign custom house (外国)海关 [French via Italian do(g)ana from Turkish duwan, Arabic dīwɑˉn: cf. DIVAN]

Douay Bible /ˈdu:ei, ˈdaʊei/ n. (also 亦作 Douay version)  an English translation of the Bible formerly used in the Roman Catholic Church, completed at Douai in France early in the seventeenth century 杜埃版英文本《圣经》(根据 17 世纪早期在法国杜埃出版的圣经译出，用于罗马天主教教堂)

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  consisting of two usu. equal parts or things; twofold (通常等份)成对的；两倍的b  consisting of two identical parts 双重的 2  twice as much or many 加倍的  double the amount  使量增加一倍 double the number  使数增加一倍 double thickness  使厚度增加一倍 3  having twice the usual size, quantity, strength, etc. (通常尺寸、数量、力量等)双倍的  double whisky  双份威士忌 4  designed for two people 供两人用的，双人的  double bed  双人床 5  a  having some part double 双料的b (of a flower) having more than one circle of petals (花朵)重瓣的c (of a domino) having the same number of pips on each half (多米诺骨牌)两边点数相同的 6  having two different roles or interpretations, esp. implying confusion or deceit 双重的；双关的(尤指表里不一的；欺诈的)  double meaning  语意双关 leads a double life  过着双重人格的生活 7 Mus.  lower in pitch by an octave 【音】低八度的  double bassoon  低音巴松管 ●adv.  1  at or to twice the amount etc. (量等)两倍地  counts double  重复计数 2  two together 双双地，成对地  sleep double  合睡一床 ●n.  1  a  a double quantity or thing; twice as much or many 两倍数(或物)；两倍b colloq.  a double measure of spirits [口]双份酒 2  a  a counterpart of a person or thing; a person who looks exactly like another 相似的对应人(物)；酷似…的人b  an understudy 候补人员；替角；预备演员c  a wraith 阴魂 3 (in pl. 用复数) Sport (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a game between two pairs of players 【运动】(网球、羽毛球等的)双打 4 Sport  a pair of victories over the same team, a pair of championships at the same game, etc. 【运动】(对同一队的)两次获胜；(在一场比赛等中的)双料冠军 5  a system of betting in which the winnings and stake from the first bet are transferred to a second 复式下注(第一场打赌若有所赢即可转押在第二场上) 6 Bridge  the doubling of an opponent's bid 【桥牌】叫加倍 7 Darts  a hit on the narrow ring enclosed by the two outer circles of a dartboard, scoring double 【飞镖】(把镖投中加倍记分圈)加倍算分 8  a sharp turn, esp. of the tracks of a hunted animal, or the course of a river 急转弯(尤指被追野兽或河道的折回；转向) ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become twice as much or many; increase twofold; multiply by two 使加倍；把…增加一倍；翻倍 2 tr.  amount to twice as much as 是…的两倍 3  a tr.  fold or bend (paper, cloth, etc.) over on itself (把纸、布等)对折b intr.  become folded 折叠 4  a tr. (of an actor) play (two parts) in the same piece (演员)兼演两角b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be understudy etc. 作候补人员(充当替角等) 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  play a twofold role 兼任；兼作；兼演 6 intr.  turn sharply in flight or pursuit; take a tortuous course (在飞行或追击中)急转弯迂回 7 tr. Naut.  sail round (a headland) 【海】绕着(岬角)航行 8 tr. Bridge  make a call increasing the value of the points to be won or lost on (an opponent's bid) 【桥牌】对(对方叫牌的)分数加倍 9 Mus. 【音】  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  play two or more musical instruments 兼奏(两种或更多的乐器)  the clarinettist doubles on tenor sax  吹单簧管者兼吹次中音萨克斯管b tr.  add the same note in a higher or lower octave to (a note) (在高八度或低八度音上)复奏 10 tr.  clench (a fist) 握紧(拳头) 11 intr.  move at twice the usual speed; run (以通常两倍速度)快速移动；跑 12 Billiards 【台球】  a intr.  rebound 跃回，弹回b tr.  cause to rebound 使弹回 □ at (or US [美] on) the double   running, hurrying 以跑步方式；迅速地；尽快地；立即地□ bent double   folded, stooping 折叠；深弯腰□ double back   take a new direction opposite to the previous one 循原路折回□ double or nothing (or Brit. [英] quits)   a gamble to decide whether a player's loss or debt be doubled or cancelled 以已输的数额作最后的赌注(或者多输 1 倍，或者与赢家清账)□ double up   1  a  bend or curl up 弯曲，卷曲b  cause to do this, esp. by a blow (尤指通过打击)使其弯曲(或卷曲) 2  be overcome with pain or laughter (使) (因剧痛或大笑而)弯着身子 3  share or assign to a room, quarters, etc., with another or others 同宿一室(住处等) 4  fold or become folded 对折，折叠 5  use winnings from a bet as stake for another 把原赌注和赢的钱一起作为赌注押下□ doubler  n.  □ doubly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doble, duble (n.), dobler, dubler (v.) from Latin duplus DUPLE]

double acrostic n.  an acrostic using the first and last letters of each line 离合诗

double act n.  an act involving two people 双人行动

double agent n.  an agent who purports to spy for one country while working for another (为敌对双方服务的)双重间谍

double axe n.  an axe with two blades 双刃斧

double-banking n.  1 Brit.  double-parking [英]双行停车 2 Austral. & NZ  riding two on a horse etc. [澳新]双人乘骑(马等)

double-barrelled adj.  1 (of a gun) having two barrels (枪)双管的；  2 Brit. (of a surname) having two parts joined by a hyphen [英] (用连字符连接的姓氏)复姓 3  twofold 双重的

double bass n.  1  the largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family 低音提琴 2  its player 低音提琴手

double bill n.  a programme with two principal items 两个节目的同场演出

double bind n.  a dilemma 进退两难

double-blind adj. & n. ●adj. (of a test or experiment) in which neither the tester nor the subject has knowledge of identities etc. that might lead to bias (试验或测定特性等)双盲的 ●n.  such a test or experiment 双盲测试

double bluff n.  an action or statement intended to appear as a bluff, but in fact genuine 双重虚张声势(让别人以为是欺骗或虚张声势，事实上却是真诚或坦诚之举(言))

double boiler n.  a saucepan with a detachable upper compartment heated by boiling water in the lower one (以下层沸水温热上层锅内食物的)双层蒸锅

double bond n.  a pair of bonds between two atoms in a molecule 双键

double-book v. tr.  accept two reservations simultaneously for (the same seat, room, etc.) (同一座位、房间等)接受两家预定

double-breasted adj. (of a coat etc.) having two fronts overlapping across the body (上衣等)双排扣的；对襟的

double-check v. tr.  verify twice or in two ways 复核；用两种方式查对

double chin n.  a chin with a fold of loose flesh below it 双下巴 □ double-chinned  adj.  

double coconut n.  a very large nut of the coco-de-mer 复椰子(实)

double concerto n.  a concerto for two solo instruments 二重协奏曲

double cream n. Brit.  thick cream with a high fat content [英]高脂厚奶油

double-cross v. & n. ●v. tr.  deceive or betray (a person one is supposedly helping) 欺骗，背叛(想像中的盟友) ●n.  an act of doing this 欺骗行为，叛变行为 □ double-crosser  n.  

double dagger n.  = DOUBLE OBELUS 

double-dealing n. & adj. ●n.  deceit, esp. in business (尤指商业上的)欺骗 ●adj.  deceitful; practising deceit 欺诈的；行骗的 □ double-dealer  n.  

double-decker n.  1  a bus having an upper and lower deck 双层公共汽车 2 colloq.  anything consisting of two layers [口]双层结构物

double-declutch v. intr. Brit.  release and re-engage the clutch twice when changing gear [英] (换档时)使离合器两次分离

double decomposition n. Chem.  a reaction in which two compounds exchange radicals or ions Also called 亦称作 metathesis 【化】复分解；双分解

double density adj. Computing  designating a storage device, esp. a disk, having twice the basic capacity 【计算】(存储设备，尤指磁盘的)双密度的

double dummy n. Bridge  play with two hands exposed, allowing every card to be located 【桥牌】双明手惠斯特牌戏

double Dutch n.  1 Brit. colloq.  incomprehensible talk [英口]莫名其妙的话；难以理解的话语 2 US  a jumping game, played with two skipping ropes swung in opposite directions so that they rhythmically cross [美] (两条绳索作相反方向有节奏地摆动时进行的)双人跳绳游戏

double-dyed adj.  deeply affected with guilt 恶贯满盈的

double eagle n.  1  a figure of a two-headed eagle 双头鹰图形 2 US Golf [美]【高尔夫球】  = ALBATROSS 2  3  a former US coin worth twenty dollars 双鹰金元(美国旧币，值 20 美元)

double-edged adj.  1  having two functions or (often contradictory) applications 模棱两可的；暧昧的(常互为矛盾) 2 (of a knife etc.) having two cutting edges (刀等)双刃的

double entendre /ˌdu:b(ə)l ɒ˜ˈtɒ˜dr(ə)/ n.  1  a word or phrase open to two interpretations, one usu. risqué or indecent (通常指有猥亵含义的)双关语 2  humour using such words or phrases 语义双关的幽默 [obsolete French, = double understanding]

double entry n.  a system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another 复式分录；复式记录

double exposure n.  the accidental or deliberate repeated exposure of a plate, film, etc. (对感光板、胶片等)两次曝光

double-faced adj.  1  insincere 伪善的；口是心非的 2 (of a fabric or material) finished on both sides so that either may be used as the right side (织物或材料)双面的

double fault n. & v. Tennis 【网球】  ●n.  two consecutive faults in serving 两次发球失误 ●v. intr. (double-fault)  serve a double fault 发球双误

double feature n.  a cinema programme with two full-length films 两片连映

double figures n. pl.  the numbers from 10 to 99 (10 至 99 的)两位数

double first n. Brit.  1  first-class honours in two subjects or examinations at a university [英]大学两门课程考试获优等成绩 2  a person achieving this 两门课程考试获优的人

double-fronted adj. (of a house) with principal windows on either side of the front door (房屋)前门两侧有窗的

double-ganger /ˈdʌb(ə)lɡæŋə/ n.  = DOPPELGÄNGER 

double glazing n.  1  glazing consisting of two layers of glass with a space between them, designed to reduce loss of heat and exclude noise 双层玻璃(一种双层中空密封的玻璃，具有隔热、隔音的效果) 2  the provision of this 双层玻璃的配置 □ double-glazed  adj.  

double Gloucester n.  a kind of hard cheese originally made in Gloucestershire 双料格洛斯特硬干酪

double-headed adj.  1  having a double head or two heads 双头的 2 (of a train) pulled by two locomotives (火车)双机头(牵引)的

double header n.  1  a train pulled by two locomotives coupled together 双机牵引的火车 2 N. Amer.  two games etc. in succession between the same opponents [北美] (与同一对手间的)一天连续两场比赛(运动等) 3 Austral. colloq.  a coin with a head on both sides [澳口]双面头像硬币

double helix n.  a pair of parallel helices with a common axis, esp. in the structure of the DNA molecule (尤指在脱氧核糖核酸分子结构中平行的)双螺旋

double-jointed adj.  having joints that allow unusual bending of the fingers, limbs, etc. 双重关节的； (手指、四肢等)能作异常弯曲的

double knitting n.  a grade of yarn that is double the usual thickness 比通常纱线粗一倍的纱线

double-lock v. tr.  lock by a double turn of the key (将钥匙转动两圈)把…双重锁上

double napoleon n. hist.  a forty-franc piece [史义]双拿破仑金币(值 40 法郎)

double negative n.  a negative statement containing two negative elements (e.g. 如 didn't say nothing 什么也没说) 双重否定■Usage 用法说明 The use of the double negative is considered ungrammatical in standard English. 这种双重否定在标准英语中被认为不合语法规范。 

double obelus n. (also 亦作 double obelisk)  a sign (‡) used to introduce a reference 双剑号(用以指示附注所用的符号)

double-park v. tr. & intr.  park (a vehicle) alongside one that is already parked at the roadside (在道路旁与其他车)并排停(车)，双行停(车)

double play n. Baseball  putting out two runners 【棒球】双杀

double pneumonia n.  pneumonia affecting both lungs 双侧肺炎

double quick adj. & adv.  very quick or quickly 极迅速的(地)

double refraction n.  refraction forming two separate rays from a single incident ray 双折射

double rhyme n.  a rhyme including two syllables 双韵

double salt n.  a salt composed of two simple salts and having different crystal properties from either 复盐

double saucepan n. Brit. [英]  = DOUBLE BOILER 

double shuffle n.  a shuffle executed twice with one foot and then twice with the other (每只脚连续两次擦地的)双擦舞步

double-sided adj.  that can be used on both sides 具两面的；有两方面的

doublespeak /ˈdʌb(ə)lspi:k/ n.  language or talk that is (usu. deliberately) ambiguous or obscure (通常有意的)故弄玄虚的言辞；欺人之谈

double standard n.  1  a rule or principle applied more strictly to some people than to others (or to oneself) (他人之间或对己)双重标准 2  bimetallism 复本位(制)

double star n.  two stars actually or apparently very close together (肉眼观测或实际离得很近的)双星

double-stopping n. Mus.  the sounding of two strings at once on a violin etc. 【音】(小提琴等上的)双按，奏双音 □ double stop  n.  

doublet /ˈdʌblit/ n.  1  either of a pair of similar things, esp. either of two words of the same derivation but different sense (e.g. 如 fashion and faction, cloak and clock) 成对物中的一个(尤指两个异形异义同源词中的一个) 2 hist.  a man's short close-fitting jacket, with or without sleeves [史义]紧身背心(或上衣) 3  a historical or biblical account occurring twice in differing contexts, usu. traceable to different sources (通常出自不同来源，在历史或圣经叙述中前后两次出现又各不相同的)类似的东西 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the same number on two dice thrown at once (掷出的)一对同点骰子 5  a pair of associated lines close together in a spectrum (光谱的)双重线 6  a combination of two simple lenses 双合透镜 [Middle English from Old French, from double: see DOUBLE]

double take n.  a delayed reaction to a situation etc. immediately after one's first reaction (对特殊情况等的)过后才恍然大悟(或大吃一惊)的反应

double-talk n.  = DOUBLESPEAK 

doublethink /ˈdʌb(ə)lθiŋk/ n.  the mental capacity to accept contrary opinions or beliefs at the same time esp. as a result of political indoctrination (尤指同时接受政治观点上两种相矛盾的)双重思想；双重信念 [coined by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)]

double time n.  1  payment of an employee at twice the normal rate 双工资 2 Mil.  the regulation running pace 【军】(行军)快步

double-tonguing n. Mus.  a method of tonguing using two alternate tongue movements, usu. made by sounding t and k alternately, in order to facilitate rapid playing of a wind instrument 【音】双吐奏(通常交替发 t 和 k 声)

double top n. Darts  a score of double twenty 【飞镖】双二十分

double whammy n. colloq.  a twofold blow or setback [口]双重打击(或挫折), 两面夹攻

doubloon /dʌˈblu:n/ n.  1 hist.  a Spanish gold coin [史义]达布隆(西班牙金币) 2 (in pl. 用复数) slang  money [俚语]钱 [French doublon or Spanish doblón (as DOUBLE)]

doublure /du:bˈljʊə, 法 dublyr/ n.  an ornamental lining, usu. leather, inside a book cover 书封内(通常为皮质的)裱衬 [French, = lining, from doubler ‘to line’]

doubt /daʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feeling of uncertainty; an undecided state of mind 疑惑；不确定  be in no doubt about  能肯定 have no doubt that  对…确信无疑 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, about)  an inclination to disbelieve 怀疑  have one's doubts about  对…有怀疑 3  an uncertain state of things 迟疑；疑虑 4  a lack of full proof or clear indication 疑问；不明确  benefit of the doubt  未经证实之前假定无辜，疑中留情 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 whether, if, that + clause; also foll. (after neg. or interrog.) by 亦后跟(在否定式疑问词后) but, but that)  feel uncertain or undecided about 不能肯定；对…没准儿  I doubt that you are right  我不能肯定你是对的 I do not doubt but that you are wrong  我能断定，你是错了 2 tr.  hesitate to believe or trust 怀疑，不相信 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  feel uncertain or undecided; have doubts 不能肯定；疑惑  never doubted of success  从未对成功表示怀疑 4 tr.  call in question 提出质疑 5 tr. Brit. archaic or dial.  rather think that; suspect or fear that [英古义] [方]猜想；害怕；担心  I doubt we are late  我担心我们迟到了 □ beyond doubt   certainly 确定无疑□ in doubt   uncertain; open to question 不能肯定；尚待讨论□ no doubt   certainly; probably; admittedly 确实地；可能地；公认地□ without doubt (or a doubt)   certainly 无疑地□ doubtable  adj.  □ doubter  n.  □ doubtingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French doute (n.), douter (v.) from Latin dubitare ‘hesitate’]

doubtful /ˈdaʊtfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  feeling doubt or misgivings; unsure or guarded in one's opinion 疑惑的；怀疑的 2  causing doubt; ambiguous; uncertain in meaning etc. (意思等)引起怀疑的；含糊不清的；意义不明的 3  unreliable 不可靠的  a doubtful ally  不可靠的盟友 □ doubtfully  adv.  □ doubtfulness  n.  

doubting Thomas n.  an incredulous or sceptical person (after John 20:24 － 29) 怀疑一切的人；怀疑主义者(源自《圣经·约翰福音》 20:24-29)

doubtless /ˈdaʊtlis/ adv. (often qualifying a sentence 常修饰句子)  1  certainly; no doubt 的确；无疑地 2  probably 很可能 □ doubtlessly  adv.  

douce /du:s/ adj. Sc.  sober, gentle, sedate [苏格兰]冷静的；文雅的；稳(或庄)重的 [Middle English via Old French dous douce from Latin dulcis ‘sweet’]

douche /du:ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a jet of liquid applied to part of the body for cleansing or medicinal purposes 灌洗(疗法；) 冲洗(疗法) 2  a device for producing such a jet 灌洗器；冲洗器 ●v.  1 tr.  treat with a douche 灌洗；冲洗 2 intr.  use a douche 使用冲洗(或灌洗)法 [French from Italian doccia ‘pipe’, from docciare ‘pour by drops’, ultimately from Latin ductus: see DUCT]

Doug /dʌg/   道格 [人名]

dough /dəʊ/ n.  1  a thick mixture of flour etc. and liquid (usu. water), for baking into bread, pastry, etc. (通常用水和面粉等混合的)生面团(用于制作面包、油酥点心等) 2 slang  money [俚语]钱 [Old English dɑˉg, from Germanic]

doughboy /ˈdəʊbɔi/ n.  1  a boiled or US deep-fried dumpling 汤团；[美]油炸面团 2 US colloq.  a United States infantryman, esp. in the First World War [美口] (尤指在一战中的)美国步兵

doughnut /ˈdəʊnʌt/ n. (US [美] donut)  1  a small fried cake of sweetened dough, usu. in the shape of a ball or ring 炸面圈(通常球形或圈形) 2  a ring-shaped object, esp. Physics a vacuum chamber for acceleration of particles in a betatron or synchrotron 环形物；【物理学】环形室(电子回旋加速器或者同步加速器中粒子加速的真空室)

doughnutting /ˈdəʊnʌtiŋ/ n.  the clustering of politicans round a speaker during a televised debate to make him or her appear well supported 前呼后拥(政客们在电视播送的辩论中，簇拥着发言的政治家以显示他或她得到充分的支持)

doughty /ˈdaʊti/ adj. (doughtier, doughtiest) archaic or joc.  valiant, stout-hearted [古义] [诙]勇敢的；顽强的 □ doughtily  adv.  □ doughtiness  n.   [Old English dohtig, variant of dyhtig, from Germanic]

doughy /ˈdəʊi/ adj. (doughier, doughiest)  1  having the form or consistency of dough 面团(似)的 2  pale and sickly in colour 苍白的 □ doughiness  n.  

Douglas /ˈdʌgləs/   道格拉斯 [人名]

Douglas fir /ˈdʌɡləs/ n. (also 亦作 Douglas pine or Douglas spruce)  any large conifer of the genus Pseudotsuga, of western N. America (北美洲西部产的黄杉属)花旗松，黄杉 [named after D. Douglas, Scots botanist d. 1834]

doum /du:m/ n. (in full 全称 doum-palm)  a palm tree, Hyphaene thebaica, with edible fruit 埃及姜果棕 [Arabic dawm, dūm]

dour /ˈdʊə/ adj.  severe, stern, or sullenly obstinate in manner or appearance 严峻的；严厉的；顽强的 □ dourly  adv.  □ dourness  n.   [Middle English (originally Scots), probably from Gaelic dúr ‘dull, obstinate’, perhaps from Latin durus ‘hard’]

douroucouli /dʊərʊˈku:li/ n. (pl. douroucoulis)  any nocturnal monkey of the genus Aotus, native to S. America, having large staring eyes Also called 亦称作 night monkey, owl monkey (原产南美的夜猴属)夜猴 [native name]

douse /daʊs/ v. tr. (also 亦作 dowse)  1  a  throw water over 在…上浇水b  plunge into water 把…浸入水中 2  extinguish (a light) 弄灭，使(灯)熄灭 3 Naut. 【海】  a  lower (a sail) 降低(帆、桅)b  close (a porthole) 关闭(舷窗) [16th c.: perhaps related to Middle Dutch, Low German dossen ‘strike’]

dove1 /dʌv/ n.  1  any bird of the family Columbidae, with short legs, small head, and large breast (鸠鸽科)鸽子 2  a gentle or innocent person 文雅(或纯洁无瑕)的人 3 Polit.  an advocate of peace or peaceful policies (cf. 参见 HAWK1) 【政】鸽派(主张和平或爱好和平政策的拥护者) 4 (Dove) Relig.  a representation of the Holy Spirit (John 1:32) 【宗】圣灵(《圣经·约翰福音》 1:32) 5  a soft grey colour 一种色调柔和的灰色，鸽子灰 □ dovelike  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse dúfa, from Germanic]

dove2 /dəʊv/ US [美] past and past part.  of DIVE 

dovecote /ˈdʌvkɒt/ n. (also 亦作 dovecot)  a shelter with nesting-holes for domesticated pigeons 鸽房，鸽舍

dove grey n. & adj. ●n.  a grey colour 鸽子灰 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 鸽灰色的

dovekie /ˈdʌvki/ n. N. Amer. & Sc. [北美和苏格兰]  = LITTLE AUK  [Scots, diminutive of DOVE1]

dove's-foot n.  a cranesbill, Geranium molle 柔毛老鹳草

dovetail /ˈdʌvteil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a joint formed by a mortise with a tenon shaped like a dove's spread tail or a reversed wedge 鸠尾榫接头 2  such a tenon 凸形榫 ●v.  1 tr.  join together by means of a dovetail 以鸠尾形结合 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, with)  fit readily together; combine neatly or compactly 使吻合；巧妙地拼合

dove tree n.  a tree, Davidia involucrata, native to China, whose flowers bear large white bracts like doves' wings (原产中国的)珙桐，鸽子树

dowager /ˈdaʊədʒə/ n.  1  a widow with a title or property derived from her late husband 继承亡夫爵位(或遗产)的未亡人  Queen dowager  王太后 dowager duchess  公爵遗孀 2 colloq.  a dignified elderly woman [口]老年贵妇人 [Old French doua-g(i)ere from douage (as DOWER)]

dowdy /ˈdaʊdi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (dowdier, dowdiest)  1 (of clothes) unattractively dull; unfashionable (衣着)不漂亮的；不雅致的；过时的 2 (of a person, esp. a woman) dressed in dowdy clothes (人，尤指女人)衣衫邋遢的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a dowdy woman 邋里邋遢的女人 □ dowdily  adv.  □ dowdiness  n.   [Middle English dowd ‘slut’, of unknown origin]

dowel /ˈdaʊəl/ n. & v. ●n.  a headless peg of wood, metal, or plastic for holding together components of a structure (无头)木榫钉；梢子 ●v. tr. (dowelled, dowelling; US [美] doweled, doweling)  fasten with a dowel or dowels 用暗榫钉固定 [Middle English from Middle Low German dovel: perhaps related to THOLE1]

dowelling /ˈdaʊəliŋ/ n. (US [美] doweling)  cylindrical rods for cutting into dowels (切削成暗榫钉的)圆棒

dower /ˈdaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a widow's share for life of her husband's estate (寡妇应得的)亡夫遗产 2 archaic  a dowry [古义]嫁妆 3  a natural gift or talent 天资；天赋 ●v. tr.  1 archaic  give a dowry to [古义]给…以嫁妆 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  endow with talent etc. 给…以天赋(天资等) □ dowerless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French douaire and medieval Latin dotarium from Latin dos dotis; related to dare ‘give’]

dower house n. Brit.  a smaller house near a big one, forming part of a widow's dower [英] (在大屋旁边作为部分亡夫遗产的)寡妇小屋

dowitcher /ˈdaʊitʃə/ n.  a wading bird of the genus Limnodromus, breeding in northern N. America and related to sandpipers (北美北部半蹼鹬属) (长喙)半蹼鹬 [Iroquoian]

Dow-Jones index /daʊˈdʒəʊnz/ n. (also 亦作 Dow-Jones average)  a figure based on the average price of selected stocks, indicating the relative price of shares on the New York Stock Exchange 道琼斯(股票)平均指数(表明纽约股票交易所所选股票相对价格升降趋势的指数) [named after C. H. Dow d. 1902 & E. D. Jones d. 1920, American economists]

down1 /daʊn/ adv., prep., adj., v. & n. ●adv. (superl. downmost)  1  into or towards a lower place, esp. to the ground 向下，朝下(尤指向地面)  fall down  落下 knelt down  跪下 2  in a lower place or position 在下面；在低处  blinds were down  窗帘放下了 3  to or in a place regarded as lower, esp. 去往(或在)一个低的地方，尤指 :a  southwards 向南方；在南方b Brit.  away from a major city or a university [英]离(开)主要城市或大学(有段距离) 4  a  in or into a low or weaker position, mood, or condition 处于低等地位；处于潦倒(或屈辱或受约束)的状况；处于精神(或健康)低落状态  hit a man when he's down  落井下石 many down with colds  许多人因患感冒而病倒了b  in a position of lagging behind or losing (职位)落后(对方)地；亏损地  our team was three goals down  我们队落后 3 分 £ 5 down on the transaction  交易亏损 5 英镑c (of a computer system) out of action or unavailable for use (esp. temporarily) (计算系统)不运行； (尤指暂时)无法启用 5  from an earlier to a later time 从上代往后；下传；下至  customs handed down  风俗传了下来 down to 1600  直至 1600 年 6  to a finer or thinner consistency or a smaller amount or size 由粗变细；由浓变淡，成粉末状  grind down  碾成粉 water down  用水冲淡 boil down  熬稠 7  cheaper; lower in price or value 便宜；价格(价值)下跌  bread is down  面包降价 shares are down  股票下跌 8  into a more settled state 稳定状态  calm down  完全镇静下来 9  in writing; in or into recorded or listed form (写)下； (录)下； (记)下  copy it down  抄下来 I got it down on tape  我已把它录在磁带上 you are down to speak next  你记(录)下一个讲话 10 (of part of a larger whole) paid, dealt with (部分)已付； (部分)已处置  £ 5 down, £ 20 to pay  已还 5 英镑，还剩 20 英镑 three down, six to go  已完 3 门；还剩 6 门 11 Naut. 【海】  a  with the current or wind 顺流地；顺风地b (of a ship's helm) with the rudder to windward (船舵)向下风 12  inclusively of the lower limit in a series 下至；直至  read down to the third paragraph  从头读到第 3 段为止 13 (as 作 int.)  lie down, put (something) down, etc. (躺)下； (放)下(坐下等) 14 (of a crossword clue or answer) read vertically (填字游戏提示或答案)竖着读  cannot do five down  往下读不了 5 个字母 15  downstairs, esp. after rising (尤指起床后)下楼  is not down yet  尚未下楼 16  swallowed (吞)下； (吃)下； (喝)下  could not get the pill down  吞不下药片 17 Amer. Football (of the ball) out of play 【美式橄榄球】成死球 ●prep.  1  downwards along, through, or into 往(或在)…的下端；向(或在)…那一端 2  from top to bottom of 从顶部到底部 3  along 沿，顺，循  walk down the road  沿路走去 cut down the middle  沿中间剪下 4  at or in a lower part of 往(或在)…的下游  situated down the river  坐落在河的下游 ●adj. (superl. downmost)  1  directed downwards 向下(方)的 2 Brit.  of travel away from a capital or centre [英]离开首都(或中心)的；下行的  the down train  下行列车 the down platform  下行列车站台 ●v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  knock or bring down 撞到；使倒下 2  swallow (a drink) 吞(喝)下 ●n.  1  a Sport  an act of putting down 【运动】击倒；摔倒b Amer. Football  any of a series of chances to advance the ball for a score 【美式橄榄球】十码进攻 2  a reverse of fortune 倒霉事；不幸事；挫折；失败  ups and downs  沉浮；荣枯；盛衰 3 colloq.  a period of depression [口]萧条(或衰退)期 4  the play of the first piece in dominoes (多米诺牌戏中的)第一张牌的打出 □ be (or have a) down on  colloq.  disapprove of; show animosity towards [口]憎恶；怨恨□ be down to   1  be attributable to 归因于 2  be the responsibility of 对…负有责任 3  have used up everything except 几乎耗尽，仅剩下  down to their last tin of rations  他们穷困到仅剩下最后一罐口粮□ down on one's luck  colloq. [口]  1  temporarily unfortunate 一时不走运的(地) 2  dispirited by misfortune 因厄运而沮丧的(地)□ down to the ground  colloq.  completely [口]完全地；彻底地□ down tools  Brit. colloq.  cease work, esp. to go on strike [英口]停止工作(尤指举行罢工)□ down with  int.  expressing strong disapproval or rejection of a specified person or thing 打倒；不要(表达对某人、某事的一种强烈的不满或反对) [Old English dūn(e) aphetic form of adūne ‘downward’]

down2 /daʊn/ n.  1  a  the first covering of young birds 雏鸟的绒毛b  a bird's under-plumage, used in cushions etc. (用于填充垫子等的)羽绒c  a layer of fine soft feathers 绒羽 2  fine soft hair esp. on the face (尤指脸部)汗毛，软毛 3  short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, seeds, etc. (树叶、果实、种子等的)短茸毛，短绒毛 4  a fluffy substance, e.g. thistledown 毛茸茸物质(如蓟种子冠毛) [Middle English from Old Norse dúnn]

down3 /daʊn/ n.  1  an area of open rolling land 开阔的丘陵地 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a  undulating chalk and limestone uplands esp. in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture (尤指英格兰南部几乎无树、主要用于放牧的石灰岩地区)有草的丘陵地，有草的开阔高地b (作 Downs)  a part of the sea (opposite the North Downs) off E. Kent (东肯特地区外的)唐区(北唐区对面) □ downy  adj.   [Old English dūn, perhaps from Celtic]

down and out adj. & n. ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  penniless, destitute 穷困的，落魄的，潦倒的 2 Boxing  unable to resume the fight 【拳击】拳击被击倒而不能(在规定时间内)站立起来的 ●n. (作 down-and-out)  a destitute person 贫病交困的人

down at heel adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 (of a shoe) with the heel worn down (鞋)露脚跟的 2 (of a person) impoverished; shabby, slovenly (人)贫困的；衣服褴褛的；邋里邋遢的

downbeat /ˈdaʊnbi:t/ n. & adj. ●n. Mus.  an accented beat, usu. the first of the bar 【音】(通常第一小节)强拍 ●adj.  1  pessimistic, gloomy 悲观的；忧郁的 2  relaxed 放松的

downcast /ˈdaʊnkɑ:st/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of eyes) looking downwards (目光)向下的；低垂的 2 (of a person) dejected (人)沮丧的 ●n.  a shaft dug in a mine for extra ventilation 下风井(矿井中所开挖的通风道)

downcomer /ˈdaʊnkʌmə/ n.  a pipe for the downward transport of water or gas 下水(气)管道

down draught n.  a downward draught, esp. one down a chimney into a room (尤指从烟囱灌到房间的)倒灌风

downer /ˈdaʊnə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a depressant or tranquillizing drug, esp. a barbiturate 抑制药；镇定剂(尤指巴比妥类药物) 2  a depressing person or experience; a failure 令人沮丧的人(经历；) 失败 3  = DOWNTURN 

downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔ:l/ n.  1  a  a fall from prosperity or power 衰落；垮台b  the cause of this 衰落(或垮台)的原因 2  a sudden heavy fall of rain etc. 大阵雨(雪等)

downfield /daʊnˈfi:ld/ adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = UPFIELD 

downfold /ˈdaʊnfəʊld/ n. Geol.  a syncline 【地质】向斜(槽)

downgrade v. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈdaʊnɡreid, daʊnˈɡreid/  1  make lower in rank or status 使降级；使降职 2  speak disparagingly of 贬低；降低 ●n. /ˈdaʊnɡreid/ esp. US [尤美]  1  a downward gradient, esp. on a railway or road; a downward course (尤指铁路或道路的)下坡；下行线路 2  a deterioration or decline 退化；衰落 3  an instance of downgrading or being downgraded (in sense 1 of v.) 降职；降级(用于动词释义 1) □ on the downgrade  US  in decline [美]在走下坡路，在衰落中

downhearted /daʊnˈhɑ:tid/ adj.  dejected; in low spirits 垂头丧气的；无精打采的 □ downheartedly  adv.  □ downheartedness  n.  

downhill adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /daʊnˈhil/  in a descending direction, esp. towards the bottom of an incline 向山下；向坡下；向下(尤指向底部) ●adj. /ˈdaʊnhil/  1  sloping down, descending 向下倾斜的；下降的 2  declining; deteriorating 衰退中的；恶化的 ●n. /ˈdaʊnhil/  1 Skiing  a downhill race 【滑雪】速降滑雪 2  a downward slope 下坡(路) 3  a decline 衰落 □ go downhill  colloq.  decline, deteriorate (in health, state of repair, moral state, etc.) [口] (健康、状态、品行等的)恶化；退化；堕落□ downhiller  n. Skiing [滑雪]  速降滑雪运动员

down-home attrib. adj. esp. US  reminiscent of one's home; unpretentious [尤美]怀念家乡的，淳朴热情的

down in the mouth adj. colloq.  looking unhappy [口]神情沮丧的

downland /ˈdaʊnlənd/ n.  = DOWN3 

download v. & n. Computing 【计算】  ●v. tr. /daʊnˈləʊd/  transfer (data) from one storage device or system to another (esp. a smaller remote one) 将(尤指少量远程数据)下载 ●n. /ˈdaʊnləʊd/ (often 常作 attrib.)  a transfer of this type 下载  download utilities  下载实用程序

downmarket /daʊnˈmɑ:kit, ˈdaʊn-/ adj. & adv. esp. Brit. colloq.  towards or relating to the cheaper or less affluent sector of the market [尤英口] (有关)面向低收入消费者的

downmost /ˈdaʊnməʊst/ adj. & adv. esp. Brit.  the furthest down [尤英]最下面的(地)

down payment n.  a partial payment made at the time of purchase 定金，初付款额

downpipe /ˈdaʊnpaip/ n. Brit.  a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level [英]水落管

downplay /daʊnˈplei/ v. tr.  play down; minimize the importance of 对…轻描淡写；贬低，低估

downpour /ˈdaʊnpɔ:/ n.  a heavy fall of rain 倾盆大雨

downrate /daʊnˈreit/ v. tr.  make lower in value, standard, importance, etc.; downgrade 降低(价值、标准、重要性等；) 使降级

downright /ˈdaʊnrait/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  plain, definite, straightforward, blunt 明白的；明确的；率直的；直截了当的 2  utter, complete 完全的；彻头彻尾的  a downright lie  彻头彻尾的谎言 downright nonsense  一派胡言 ●adv.  thoroughly, completely, positively 彻底地；完全地；断然地  downright inconsiderate  完全不顾他人的 □ downrightness  n.  

downriver adv. & adj. ●adv. /daʊnˈrivə/  at or towards a point nearer the mouth of a river 在下游；向河口 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnrivə/  situated or occurring downriver 位于下游(河口)的；发生在下游(河口)的

downscale /ˈdaʊnskeil/ v. & adj. US [美] ●v. tr.  reduce or restrict in size, scale, or extent (将…)缩小尺寸； (将…)降低程度(或档次) ●adj.  at the lower end of a scale, esp. a social scale; inferior (尤指社会级别)低档的；下层的

downshift /ˈdaʊnʃift/ n. & v. ●n.  a movement downwards, esp. a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle (尤指汽车的)调低速档 ●v. intr.  make a downshift 调低速档

downside /ˈdaʊnsaid/ n.  1  the negative aspect of something; a disadvantage or drawback 负面；劣势，弊端 2  a downward movement of share prices etc. (股价等的)下跌

downsize /ˈdaʊnsaiz/ v. tr. & intr. esp. US  reduce in size [尤美]缩小尺寸；缩减

downspout /ˈdaʊnspaʊt/ n. US [美]  = DOWNPIPE 

Down's syndrome /daʊnz/ n. Med.  a congenital disorder due to a chromosome defect, characterized by diminished intelligence and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile (cf. 参见 MONGOLISM, TRISOMY) 【医】唐氏(道恩)综合病征(因为染色体的先天性混乱而引起智能低下以及身材矮小、宽脸庞的体型变化) [named after J. L. H. Down, English physician d. 1896]

downstage /ˈdaʊnsteidʒ, -ˈsteidʒ/ adj. & adv.  at or to the front of the stage 在舞台前(的；) 向舞台前(的)

downstairs adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /daʊnˈstɛəz/  1  down a flight of stairs 顺楼梯而下 2  to or on a lower floor 往楼下；在楼下 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnstɛəz/ (also 亦作 downstair)  situated downstairs 在楼下的 ●n. /ˈdaʊnstɛəz/  the lower floor 楼下

downstate /ˈdaʊnsteit/ adj., n. & adv. US [美] ●adj.  of or in a part of a state remote from large cities, esp. the southern part 远离城市的； (尤指南部州)边远地区的 ●n.  a downstate area 偏远地区 ●adv.  in a downstate area 在边远地区

downstream adv. & adj. ●adv. /daʊnˈstri:m/  in the direction of the flow of a stream etc. (河流等)顺流地；在下游 ●adj. /ˈdaʊnstri:m/  moving downstream 顺流而下的

downstroke /ˈdaʊnstrəʊk/ n.  a stroke made or written downwards 向下的一击(或一笔、一划)

downswing /ˈdaʊnswiŋ/ n.  1  a downward trend, esp. in economic conditions (尤指经济状况的)下降趋势 2 Golf  the downward movement of the club when the player is about to hit the ball 【高尔夫球】(球棒的)往下挥动

downthrow /ˈdaʊnθrəʊ/ n. Geol.  a downward dislocation of strata 【地质】(断层的)下落；下落地块

down time n.  time during which a machine, esp. a computer, is out of action or unavailable for use (机器，尤指计算机的)停机时间；故障时间

down-to-earth adj.  practical, realistic 务实的；现实的；实际的

down town adv.  1  into a town from a higher or outlying part 从高处(或偏远)地区进入闹市区 2 esp. N. Amer.  to or in the business part of a city (see also 亦见 DOWNTOWN) [尤北美]往(或在)城市的商业区

downtown adj., n. & adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adj. /ˈdaʊntaʊn/  of or in the more central or lower part, or the business part, of a town or city (在)市中心区的； (在)较低地区的； (在)商业区(或闹市区)的 ●n. /ˈdaʊntaʊn/  a downtown area 中心区；较低地区；商业区；闹市区 ●adv. /daʊnˈtaʊn/  in or into a downtown area 在(或去)中心区(较低地区、商业区、闹市区)

downtrodden /ˈdaʊntrɒd(ə)n/ adj.  oppressed; badly treated; kept under 受压迫的；受暴政统治的；被践踏的；被蹂躏的；被压制的

downturn /ˈdaʊntɜ:n/ n.  a decline, esp. in economic or business activity 衰落，衰退； (尤指经济或商业的)低迷

down under adv. & n. colloq. [口] ●adv.  in or to the antipodes, i.e. to Australia or New Zealand 在(或往)澳大利亚(或新西兰) ●n.  the antipodes; Australia or New Zealand 对跖地；澳大利亚(或新西兰)地区

downward /ˈdaʊnwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 downwards)  towards what is lower, inferior, less important, or later 向下地；下跌地；不重要地；往后推移地 ●adj.  moving, extending, pointing, or leading downward 下移的；下延的；朝下的；往下的 □ downwardly  adv.  

downwarp /ˈdaʊnwɔ:p/ n. Geol.  a broad surface depression; a syncline 【地质】下翘；凹陷；向斜

downwind /daʊnˈwind/ adj. & adv.  in the direction in which the wind is blowing 顺风的(地)

downy /ˈdaʊni/ adj. (downier, downiest)  1  a  of, like, or covered with down 绒毛(似)的；被绒毛覆盖的b  soft and fluffy 柔软的，毛茸茸的 2 Brit. slang  aware, knowing [英] [俚语]精明的；聪明的 □ downily  adv.  □ downiness  n.  

dowry /ˈdaʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  property or money brought by a bride to her husband 嫁妆 2  a talent, a natural gift 天赋；天资 [Middle English from Anglo-French dowarie, Old French douaire DOWER]

dowse1 /daʊz/ v. intr.  search for underground water or minerals by holding a Y-shaped stick or rod which dips abruptly when over the right spot 用占卜杖 (Y 形棍或杆)探寻水源(或矿脉) □ dowser  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

dowse2 var.  of DOUSE  DOUSE 的变体

dowsing rod n.  a stick or rod used in dowsing (探寻水源或矿脉的)占卜杖

doxology /dɒkˈsɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a liturgical formula of praise to God 荣耀颂(赞美上帝的颂辞) □ doxological  /-səˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [medieval Latin doxologia from Greek doxologia, from doxa ‘glory’ + -LOGY]

doxy /ˈdɒksi/ n. (pl. -ies) literary [文学用语]  1  a lover or mistress 情妇 2  a prostitute 娼妓 [16th-c. cant: origin unknown]

doyen /ˈdɔiən, ˈdwɑ:jã/ n. (fem. doyenne /ˈdɔien, dɔiˈen, dwɑ:ˈjen/)  the most senior or most prominent of a particular category or body of people 老资格；老前辈；首席 [French (as DEAN1)]

doyley var.  of DOILY  DOILY 的变体

doz. abbr. [缩略]  dozen 

doze /dəʊz/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  sleep lightly; be half asleep 打瞌睡；昏昏欲睡 ●n.  a short light sleep 小睡 □ doze off   fall lightly asleep 打盹儿 [17th c.: origin unknown, perhaps related to Danish døse ‘make drowsy’]

dozen /ˈdʌz(ə)n/ n.  1 (prec. by a or a number 前接 a 或一个数字) (pl. dozen)  twelve, regarded collectively 十二个；一打  a dozen eggs  一打鸡蛋 two dozen packets  24 包 ordered three dozen  定购三打 2  a set or group of twelve 一打(或 12 个)一组  packed in dozens  成打地包装 3 colloq.  about twelve, a fairly large indefinite number [口]大约 12 个；相当大数量 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) colloq.  very many [口]很多的  made dozens of mistakes  出了很多错 5 (the dozens)  a black American game or ritualized exchange of verbal insults 对骂游戏；骂娘比赛 □ by the dozen   in large quantities 大量的□ talk nineteen to the dozen  Brit.  talk incessantly [英]喋喋不休□ dozenth  adj.   [Middle English from Old French dozeine, ultimately from Latin duodecim ‘twelve’]

dozer /ˈdəʊzə/ n. colloq. [口]  = BULLDOZER 1  [abbreviation]

dozy /ˈdəʊzi/ adj. (dozier, doziest)  1  drowsy; tending to doze 昏昏欲睡的；想睡的 2 Brit. colloq.  stupid or lazy [英口]愚蠢的；懒惰的 □ dozily  adv.  □ doziness  n.  

DP abbr. [缩略]  1  data processing 资料(数据)处理 2  displaced person 失去家园者

D.Phil. abbr.  Doctor of Philosophy [缩略]哲学博士

DPP abbr. (in the UK) Director of Public Prosecutions [缩略] (英国)检察官

Dr abbr. [缩略]  1  Doctor  2  Drive  3  debtor; debit 

dr. abbr. [缩略]  1  drachm(s)  2  drachma(s)  3  dram(s) 

drab1 /dræb/ adj. & n. ●adj. (drabber, drabbest)  1  dull, uninteresting 单调的；乏味的 2  of a dull brownish colour 土褐色的 ●n.  1  drab colour 土褐色 2  monotony 单调乏味 □ drably  adv.  □ drabness  n.   [probably from obsolete drap ‘cloth’ via Old French from Late Latin drappus, perhaps of Celtic origin]

drab2  see 见 DRIBS AND DRABS 

drab3 /dræb/ n.  1  a slut; a slattern 邋遢女人；荡妇 2  a prostitute 妓女 [perhaps related to Low German drabbe ‘mire’, Dutch drab ‘dregs’]

drabble /ˈdræb(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr.  become or make dirty and wet with water or mud (使)变脏，变湿；弄得满身是泥 [Middle English from Low German drabbelen ‘paddle in water or mire’: cf. DRAB3]

dracaena /drəˈsi:nə/ n.  any of various shrubs and trees of the genera Dracaena and Cordyline (agave family) grown for their foliage (龙舌兰科)龙血树(朱蕉)属植物 [modern Latin from Greek drakaina, fem. of drakōn ‘dragon’]

drachm /dræm/ n.  a weight or measure formerly used by apothecaries, equivalent to 60 grains or one-eighth of an ounce, or (in full fluid drachm) 60 minims, one-eighth of a fluid ounce 打兰(过去药剂师用衡量单位，等于 60 格令，或 1/8 药用盎司，或 60 量滴， 1/8 液量盎司) [Middle English dragme via Old French dragme or Late Latin dragma from Latin drachma, from Greek drakhmē, an Attic weight and coin]

drachma /ˈdrækmə/ n. (pl. drachmas or drachmae /-mi:/)  1  the chief monetary unit of Greece 德拉克马(希腊主要货币单位) 2  a silver coin of ancient Greece 古希腊银币 [Latin from Greek drakhmē]

drack /dræk/ adj. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1 (esp. of a woman) unattractive (尤指女人)长相平平的 2  dismal, dull 阴沉的；无趣的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dracone /ˈdrækəʊn/ n. Brit.  a large flexible container for liquids, towed on the surface of the sea [英] (海面上用的)弹性拖曳容器(用于装液体) [Latin draco -onis from Greek drakōn ‘serpent’: from its shape]

Draconian /drəˈkəʊniən, drei-/ adj. (also 亦作 Draconic /-ˈkɒnik/)  very harsh or severe (esp. of laws and their application) (尤指法律及其实施)严酷的，残酷的 [Drakōn, the name of a 7th-c. BC Athenian legislator]

draff /dræf/ n.  1  dregs, lees 残渣；渣滓 2  refuse 废物；垃圾 [Middle English, perhaps from Old English]

draft /drɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preliminary written version of a speech, document, etc. (发言、文件等)草稿b  a rough preliminary outline of a scheme 草案c  a sketch of work to be carried out 方案，轮廓 2  a  a written order for payment of money by a bank 汇票；付款通知单b  the drawing of money by means of this (凭汇票的)支付 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  a demand made on a person's confidence, friendship, etc. 对某人信任(或友谊)的要求 4  a  a party detached from a larger group for a special duty or purpose 分遣队；特遣部队b  the selection of this 特遣部队挑选 5 US  compulsory military service [美]服兵役 6  a reinforcement 增援力量 7 US [美]  = DRAUGHT  ●v. tr.  1  prepare a draft of (a document, scheme, etc.) 起草(文件、方案等) 2  select for a special duty or purpose 选拔，选派 3 US  conscript for military service [美]征兵 □ draftee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ drafter  n.   [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHT]

draft dodger n. US  a person who tries to avoid compulsory military service [美]逃避服兵役者 □ draft dodging  n.  

draftsman /ˈdrɑ:f(t)smən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who drafts documents (文件的)起草人 2  = DRAUGHTSMAN 1  [phonetic spelling of DRAUGHTSMAN]

drafty US var.  of DRAUGHTY [美] DRAUGHTY 的变体

drag /dræɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (dragged, dragging)  1 tr.  pull along with effort or difficulty (用力或费劲地)拖，拉，曳 2  a tr.  allow (one's feet, tail, etc.) to trail along the ground 拖着(脚、尾等)行进b intr.  trail along the ground 拖曳而进c intr. (of time etc.) go or pass heavily or slowly or tediously (时间等)放慢(或乏味地流逝) 3  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  use a grapnel or drag (to find a drowned person or lost object) 使用钩(或耙)寻找(溺水者或失落之物)b tr.  search the bottom of (a river etc.) with grapnels, nets, or drags (用钩、网或耙在河底等)打捞，搜索 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  take (a person to a place etc., esp. against his or her will) [口] (违背他人意愿地)带(人)去(某个地方)；硬拉(某人去某地) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, at) colloq.  draw on (a cigarette etc.) [口]叼着(烟卷等) 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  continue at tedious length 单调乏味(或缓慢费力)地行进；拖沓地行进 ●n.  1  a  an obstruction to progress 障碍；累赘b Aeron.  the longitudinal retarding force exerted by air 【空】阻力c  slow motion; impeded progress 滞动；缓慢费力的行进d  an iron shoe for retarding a horse-drawn vehicle downhill (马车下坡时使用的)车轮制动棒 2 colloq.  a boring or dreary person, duty, performance, etc. [口]极讨厌的人(或职责、表演、演出等) 3  a  a strong-smelling lure drawn before hounds as a substitute for a fox (引诱猎犬行猎的)人工臭迹b  a hunt using this 应用人工臭迹的行猎 4  an apparatus for dredging or recovering drowned persons etc. from under water (尤指从水底)疏浚器(或打捞死人等的装置) 5  = DRAGNET 1  6 slang  a draw on a cigarette etc. [俚语] (烟等)一吸；一抽 7 slang [俚语]  a  women's clothes worn by men (男穿)女装b  a party at which these are worn 男扮女装的人参加的舞会c  clothes in general 服装 8  an act of dragging 拖沓 9  a Brit. slang  a motor car [英] [俚语]汽车b (in full 全称 drag race)  an acceleration race between cars usu. for a quarter of a mile (通常赛程为 1/4 英里的)减重短程高速汽车赛 10 US slang  influence, pull [美] [俚语]影响力；引力 11 slang  a street or road [俚语]街道；道路  the main drag  主街 12 hist.  a private vehicle like a stagecoach, drawn by four horses [史义] (由四匹马拖拉的类似驿站马车的)私人车辆 □ drag one's feet (or heels)   be deliberately slow or reluctant to act 拖拖拉拉；故意慢吞吞地行动□ drag in   introduce (a subject) irrelevantly 硬把(某事)扯进去□ drag out   protract 拖延□ drag up  colloq. [口]  1  deliberately mention (an unwelcome subject) 故意提及(一个不受欢迎的话题) 2 Brit.  rear (a child) roughly and without proper training [英]胡乱地把(孩子)拉扯大 [Middle English from Old English dragan or Old Norse draga DRAW]

drag-anchor n. & v. ●n.  = SEA ANCHOR  ●v. intr. (drag anchor) (of a ship) move from a moored position when the anchor fails to hold (船)浮锚；流锚

draggle /ˈdræɡ(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  make dirty or wet or limp by trailing 拖脏，拖湿；慢吞吞地走 2 intr.  hang trailing 拖曳 3 intr.  lag; straggle in the rear 落后；缓缓而行 [DRAG + -LE4]

draggle-tailed adj. (of a woman) with untidily trailing skirts (女人)拖着邋遢长裙的

draggy /ˈdræɡi/ adj. (draggier, draggiest) colloq. [口]  1  tedious 单调乏味的；  2  unpleasant 令人不快的

drag-hound n.  a hound used to hunt with a drag 能循(人工)臭迹追踪的猎犬

dragline /ˈdræɡlain/ n.  an excavator with a bucket pulled in by a wire rope 拉铲挖掘机

dragnet /ˈdræɡnet/ n.  1  a net drawn through a river or across ground to trap fish or game 拖网；捕猎网 2  a systematic hunt for criminals etc. (对待罪犯等的)法网，罗网

dragoman /ˈdræɡə(ʊ)mən/ n. (pl. dragomans or dragomen)  an interpreter or guide, esp. in countries speaking Arabic, Turkish, or Persian (尤指在讲阿拉伯语、土耳其语、波斯语国家里的)译员，导游 [French via Italian dragomano, medieval Greek dragomanos, Arabic tarjumɑˉn (from tarjama ‘interpret’), and Aramaic targēm from Assyrian targumɑˆnu ‘interpreter’]

dragon /ˈdræɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a mythical monster like a reptile, usu. with wings and claws and able to breathe out fire 龙(传说中具有翅膀和巨大脚爪，能从口中吐火的爬行类怪兽) 2  a fierce person, esp. a woman 严厉的人(尤指妇女) 3 (in full 全称 flying dragon)  = FLYING LIZARD  [Middle English via Old French and Latin draco -onis from Greek drakōn ‘serpent’]

dragonet /ˈdræɡ(ə)nit/ n.  any spiny marine fish of the family Callionymidae, the males of which are brightly coloured 鱼科中一种通常色彩艳丽的海生鱼 [Middle English from French, diminutive of DRAGON]

dragonfish /ˈdræɡ(ə)nfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any deep-water marine fish of the order Stomiiformes, having a long slender body and a barbel on the chin with luminous tissue, serving to attract prey 海蛾鱼(身体修长、颌上长须，有着发光组织以吸引捕食对象的海蛾鱼目深水海鱼)

dragonfly /ˈdræɡ(ə)nflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any of various predatory insects of the order Odonata, having a long slender body with two pairs of large transparent wings usu. spread while resting, and aquatic larvae 蜻蜓(蜻蜓目捕食性昆虫，通常静止时翅平展，幼体水生)

dragonnade /dræɡəˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  a persecution by use of troops, esp. (in pl.) of French Protestants under Louis XIV by quartering dragoons on them (尤用复数，法王路易十四使用龙骑兵对新教徒的)武力迫害 ●v. tr.  subject to a dragonnade 遭受武力迫害 [French from dragon: see DRAGOON]

dragon's blood n.  a red gum that exudes from the fruit of some palms and the dragon tree 龙血树脂(采自棕榈树果实和龙血树的红色树脂)

dragon's teeth n. pl. Brit. colloq.  obstacles resembling teeth pointed upwards, used esp. against tanks [英口]龙牙；(似牙齿向上的)障碍物(尤用于对付坦克)

dragon tree n.  a palmlike tree, Dracaena draco of the agave family, native to the Canary Islands (一种像棕榈树的)龙血树(龙舌兰科乔木，原产于加那利群岛)

dragoon /drəˈɡu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cavalryman (originally a mounted infantryman armed with a carbine) 龙骑兵(原为佩带短筒马枪的骑马步兵) 2  a rough fierce man 粗野凶猛之徒 3  a variety of pigeon (一种善飞的)信鸽 ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 into)  coerce into doing something, esp. by use of forceful methods (尤指利用强硬措施)强制；强迫(做某事) 2  persecute, esp. with troops (尤指用军队进行)迫害 [originally = carbine (thought of as breathing fire) from French dragon DRAGON]

drag queen n. slang  a male homosexual transvestite [俚语]男性同性恋者的女性装扮癖

drag race  see 见 DRAG n. 9b 

dragster /ˈdræɡstə/ n.  a car built or modified to take part in drag races 改良型减重短程高速赛车

dragée /ˈdrɑ:ʒei/ n.  1  a sugar-coated almond etc. 糖衣杏仁 2  a small silver ball for decorating a cake (装饰蛋糕的)银色小糖珠 3  a chocolate-coated sweet 巧克力糖衣糖果 [French: see DREDGE2]

drail /dreil/ n.  a fish-hook and line weighted with lead for dragging below the surface of the water (加重而使鱼饵沉入水中的)加铅鱼钩 [apparently variant of TRAIL]

drain /drein/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  draw off liquid from, esp. 从…排出液体，尤指 :a  make (land etc.) dry by providing an outflow for moisture (使土地等)干涸b (of a river) carry off the superfluous water of (a district) (河)带走(某地区的)多余的水c  remove purulent matter from (an abscess) 为(脓肿)引流，使排浓 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  draw off (liquid) esp. by a pipe (尤指用管道)排出，放出，流出(液体) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off, through)  flow or trickle away 流掉，滴完 4 intr. (of a wet cloth, piece of crockery, etc.) become dry as liquid flows away (湿布、陶器等)晒干；晾干  put it there to drain  把它放在那儿晾干 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  exhaust or deprive (a person or thing) of strength, resources, property, etc. 逐渐消耗(某人或某物)；耗尽(力量、资源、财富等) 6 tr.  a  drink (liquid) to the dregs (水或酒)喝干；喝光b  empty (a container) by drinking the contents 喝得(容器中)点滴不剩 ●n.  1  a  a channel, conduit, or pipe carrying off liquid, esp. an artificial conduit for water or sewage (尤指人工的)排水渠，下水道，阴沟b  a tube for drawing off the discharge from an abscess etc. (用于脓疱等的)排脓管，引流管 2  a constant outflow, withdrawal, or expenditure (不断的)外流；支付；枯竭  a great drain on my resources  极大地耗竭了我的财力 □ down the drain  colloq.  lost, wasted [口]失去；完蛋；化为乌有□ laugh like a drain  Brit.  laugh copiously; guffaw [英]大声笑，狂笑 [Old English drē(a)hnian, from Germanic]

drainage /ˈdreinidʒ/ n.  1  the process or means of draining 排水；排泄  the land has poor drainage  这土地排水性不良 2  a system of drains, artificial or natural 人工(或天然)排水系统 3  what is drained off, esp. sewage 排出物(尤指下水道污物)

drainboard /ˈdreinbɔ:d/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DRAINING BOARD 

draincock /ˈdreinkɒk/ n.  a cock for draining the water out of a boiler etc. (锅炉等的)放水龙头

drainer /ˈdreinə/ n.  1  a device for draining; anything on which things are put to drain, e.g. a draining board 排水装置；下水道装置；滤水器(如滴水板) 2  a person who drains 排水工

draining board n.  a sloping usu. grooved surface beside a sink, on which washed dishes etc. are left to drain (在洗涤槽旁放置洗刷后碟盘等的)滴水板(通常面有凹槽)

drainpipe /ˈdreinpaip/ n.  1  a pipe for carrying off water, sewage, etc., from a building (流水、污水等的)排水管 2 (作 attrib.) (of trousers etc.) very narrow (裤子等)窄腿的 3 (in pl. 用复数)  very narrow trousers 瘦腿紧身裤

drake /dreik/ n.  a male duck 公鸭，雄鸭 [Middle English, probably from West Germanic]

Dralon /ˈdreilɒn/ n. Brit. propr. [英] [商标]  1  a synthetic acrylic fibre used in textiles 特拉纶(用于纺织的丙烯酸合成纤维) 2  a fabric made from this 特拉纶织物 [suggested by NYLON]

dram /dræm/ n.  1  a small drink of spirits 少量的(烈)酒 2  = DRACHM  [Middle English from Old French drame or medieval Latin drama, dragma: cf. DRACHM]

drama /ˈdrɑ:mə/ n.  1  a play for acting on stage or for broadcasting (在舞台上演出或广播的)戏剧 2  a  the art of writing and presenting plays 戏剧文学；戏剧艺术，舞台艺术b  the art of acting 演戏 3  an exciting or emotional event, set of circumstances, etc. (一连串)戏剧性事件(或情景等) 4  dramatic quality 戏剧性  the drama of the situation  形势的戏剧性 [Late Latin from Greek drama -atos, from draō ‘do’]

drama-documentary n. (also 亦作 drama-doc slang [俚语])  a film (esp. for television) based on or dramatizing real events 纪实影片(尤指电视片)

dramatic /drəˈmætik/ adj.  1  of drama or the study of drama 戏剧的；戏剧学的 2 (of an event, circumstance, etc.) sudden and exciting or unexpected (事件、情况等)意外的；令人兴奋的；未预料到的 3  vividly striking 引人注目的 4 (of a gesture etc.) theatrical, overdone, absurd (姿势等)戏剧性的；夸张的；荒诞的 □ dramatically  adv.   [Late Latin dramaticus from Greek dramatikos (as DRAMA)]

dramatic irony n.  = TRAGIC IRONY 

dramatics /drəˈmætiks/ n. pl.  1 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  the production and performance of plays 演戏；表演 2  exaggerated or showy behaviour 戏剧性行为，做作

dramatis personae /ˌdræmətis pɜ:ˈsəʊnai, -ni:/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  the characters in a play 剧中人物 2  a list of these 剧中人物表，演员表 [Latin, = persons of the drama]

dramatist /ˈdræmətist/ n.  a writer of dramas 剧作家

dramatize /ˈdræmətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  adapt (a novel etc.) to form a stage play (把小说等)改编成剧本b intr.  admit of such adaptation 适于改编成剧本 2 tr.  make a drama or dramatic scene of 使戏剧化；用戏剧形式表现 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  express or react to in a dramatic way 戏剧方式描述 □ dramatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

dramaturge /ˈdræmətɜ:dʒ/ n.  1  a specialist in theatrical production 剧本作者 2  a dramatist 剧作家；编剧 [French from Greek dramatourgos (as DRAMA, -ergos ‘worker’)]

dramaturgy /ˈdræmətɜ:dʒi/ n.  1  the art of theatrical production; the theory of dramatics 编剧艺术(或技巧；) 戏剧艺术理论 2  the application of this 演出艺术 □ dramaturgic  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ dramaturgical  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

Drambuie /dræmˈbu:i, -ˈbjʊi/ n. propr.  a Scotch whisky liqueur [商标]苏格兰威士忌利口酒 [Gaelic dram buidheach ‘satisfying drink’]

drank past  of DRINK  

drape /dreip/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  hang, cover loosely, or adorn with cloth etc. (用布等)悬挂(或覆盖在…之上)；装饰 2  arrange (clothes or hangings) carefully in folds (在衣服、帷幔上)饰以优美的褶裥 ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a curtain or drapery (窗)帘；帷帐 2  a piece of drapery 一块帷幔 3  the way in which a garment or fabric hangs 衣服(织物)的下垂式样 [Middle English via Old French draper, from drap, from Late Latin drappus ‘cloth’]

draper /ˈdreipə/ n. Brit.  a retailer of textile fabrics [英]衣料织品零售商；布料商 [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French drapier (as DRAPE)]

drapery /ˈdreip(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  clothing or hangings arranged in folds 有褶裥的布料(或幔帐) 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a curtain or hanging 窗帘；幔帐 3 Brit.  cloth; textile fabrics [英]布(匹；) 纺织品 4 Brit.  the trade of a draper [英]布业，纺织品零售业 5  the arrangement of clothing in sculpture or painting (用在雕塑或绘画上的)打褶的装饰织物 [Middle English from Old French draperie, from drap ‘cloth’]

drastic /ˈdræstik, ˈdrɑ:-/ adj.  having a strong or far-reaching effect; severe 激烈的；猛烈的；严厉的 □ drastically  adv.   [Greek drastikos from draō ‘do’]

drat /dræt/ v. & int. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (dratted, dratting) (usu. as an exclamation 通常作感叹)  curse, confound 咀咒，咒骂；讨厌  drat the thing!  讨厌！见鬼！ ●int.  expressing anger or annoyance (表示愤怒或烦恼)见鬼 □ dratted  adj.   [for 'od (= God) rot]

draught /drɑ:ft/ n. & v. (US [美] draft) ●n.  1  a current of air in a confined space (e.g. a room or chimney) (如房间、烟囱处的)通风气流 2  pulling, traction 拖，拉；牵引 3 Naut.  the depth of water needed to float a ship 【海】(船的)吃水深度 4  the drawing of liquor from a cask etc. (木桶等中液体的)舀出；汲取 5  a  a single act of drinking 一饮b  the amount drunk in this 一饮的量c  a dose of liquid medicine (药水等的)一服；一次的服用量 6 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常用作单数) Brit.  a game for two played with twelve pieces each on a draughtboard [英] (两人各拥有 12 个棋子的)西洋跳棋，国际跳棋 7  a  the drawing in of a fishing net 收渔网，拉网b  the fish taken at one drawing 一网的捕获量 ●v. tr.  = DRAFT  □ feel the draught  colloq.  suffer from adverse (usu. financial) conditions [口]拮据，陷入(尤指财务上的)困境 [Middle English draht from Old Norse drahtr, drɑˊttr, from Germanic, related to DRAW]

draught beer n.  beer drawn from a cask, not bottled 生啤酒；扎啤

draughtboard /ˈdrɑ:f(t)bɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a chequered board, identical to a chessboard, used in draughts [英]国际(西洋)跳棋盘

draught horse n.  a horse used for pulling heavy loads, esp. a cart or plough (尤指拉车、拉犁的)挽马，役马

draught-proof adj. & v. ●adj.  proof against draughts 气流屏蔽的 ●v. tr.  make draught-proof 作气流屏蔽

draughtsman /ˈdrɑ:f (t) smən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who makes drawings, plans, or sketches 起草人 2  a piece in the game of draughts 国际跳棋的棋子 3  = DRAFTSMAN 1  □ draughtsmanship  n.   [draught's + MAN]

draughty /ˈdrɑ:fti/ adj. (US [美] drafty) (-ier, -iest) (of a room etc.) letting in sharp currents of air (房间等)有穿堂风的；通风的 □ draughtily  adv.  □ draughtiness  n.  

Dravidian /drəˈvidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a dark-skinned aboriginal people of S. India and Sri Lanka (including the Tamils and Kanarese) (住在印度南部或斯里兰卡的皮肤黝黑的)达罗毗荼族(包括泰米尔人和卡纳拉人) 2  any of the group of languages spoken by this people 达罗毗荼诸语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or group of languages (有关)达罗毗荼人的； (有关)达罗毗荼诸语的 [Sanskrit Dravida, a province of S. India]

draw /drɔ:/ v. & n. ●v. (past drew /dru:/; past part. drawn /drɔ:n/)  1 tr.  pull or cause to move towards or after one 拖，拉，曳 2 tr.  pull (a thing) up, over, or across (把一物)拔出；抽出；取出 3 tr.  pull (curtains etc.) open or shut 拉开，放下(窗帘等) 4 tr.  take (a person) aside, esp. to talk to 把(人)引到一旁(尤指谈话) 5 tr.  attract; bring to oneself or to something; take in 吸引；使某人把注意力放在某事上；吸入  drew a deep breath  深深地吸了一口气 I felt drawn to her  我觉得被她吸引住了 drew my attention to the matter  我关注此事 draw him into conversation  把他引入谈话 the match drew large crowds  比赛吸引了大群的人 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on)  suck smoke from (a cigarette, pipe, etc.) 吸(烟、烟斗等) 7 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  take out; remove (e.g. a tooth, a gun from a holster, etc.) 拿出，除去(如拔牙；把枪拔出枪套等) 8 tr.  obtain or take from a source (从某来源处)获得，拿取  draw a salary  取工资 draw inspiration  获得灵感 drew £ 100 from my account  从我的户头上取出 100 英镑 9 tr.  trace (a line, mark, furrow, or figure) 描，勾，刻画(线、记号、沟或图形) 10  a tr.  produce (a picture) by tracing lines and marks 划线勾，描绘(轮廓图)b tr.  represent (a thing) by this means 线描(某物)c absol. [含宾]  make a drawing 作画 11 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  finish (a contest or game) with neither side winning 使(比赛或游戏)成平局 12 intr.  make one's or its way, proceed, move, come 移动；行进；来临；走近  drew near the bridge  慢慢靠近桥 draw to a close  慢慢结束 the second horse drew level  第二匹马已经赶上 drew ahead of the field  在全部马中领先 the time draws near  时间即将来临 13 tr.  infer, deduce (a conclusion) 推断，推论；演绎(一个结论) 14 tr.  a  elicit, evoke 引出；招致  draw criticism  招来批评 draw ruin upon oneself  使自己遭到毁灭b  bring about, entail 引起；使承担c  induce (a person) to reveal facts, feelings, or talent 诱使(某人)说出真相(情感；) 使展示才能  refused to be drawn  拒绝透露d (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  induce (a person) to do something 诱使(某人)作某事e Cards  cause to be played 【牌戏】使(牌)被打出；吊(牌)  drew all the trumps  吊王牌 15 tr.  haul up (water) from a well 从井中打(水) 16 tr.  bring out (liquid from a container or blood from a wound) (从容器中)抽出(液体；) 使(伤口处)流出(血) 17 tr.  extract a liquid essence from 从…汲取液态精华 18 intr. (of a chimney or pipe) promote or allow a draught (烟囱、烟斗等)通畅；通风 19 intr. (of tea) infuse (茶)被泡开 20  a tr.  obtain by lot 抽彩得奖  drew the winner  抽签决定获胜者b absol. [含宾]  draw lots 抽签(决定) 21 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  make a demand on a person, a person's skill, memory, imagination, etc. 要求，需要(人的技能、记忆、想像力等) 22 tr.  write out (a bill, cheque, or draft) 开出(账单、支票、汇票)  drew a cheque on the bank  开了一张银行支票 23 tr.  frame (a document) in due form, compose 按正确方式写出(某文件；) 拟定 24 tr.  formulate or perceive (a comparison or distinction) 阐明(或觉察到) (异同、区别) 25 tr. (of a ship) require (a specified depth of water) to float in (船只)吃水(规定深度) 26 tr.  disembowel 除去…的内脏  hang, draw, and quarter  宰杀，去内脏，再肢解 draw the fowl before cooking it  煮前将家禽开膛去内脏 27 tr. Hunting  search (cover) for game 【狩猎】逼出(隐蔽处；) 搜寻猎物 28 tr.  drag (a badger or fox) from a hole 引(獾、狐)出洞 29 tr.  a  protract, stretch, elongate 使延伸；伸展；把…拉长  long-drawn agony  没完没了的痛苦b  make (wire) by pulling a piece of metal through successively smaller holes 拉制；拉拔(金属丝) 30 tr.  a Golf  drive (the ball) to the left (or, of a left-handed player, the right) esp. purposely 【高尔夫球】(尤指有意)使(球)向左方(或左手运动员的右方)旋转b Bowls  cause (a bowl) to travel in a curve to the desired point 【球戏】使(滚球)曲线移动以到达所需位置 31 intr. (of a sail) swell tightly in the wind (帆)吃饱风 ●n.  1  an act of drawing 拉；拖；提取；吸；吃水；抽；拔；拔出；拉制；轧制 2  a  a person or thing that draws custom, attention, etc. 吸引顾客(或注意力等)的人(或物)b  the power to attract attention 吸引力 3  the drawing of lots, esp. a raffle (尤指对奖售物中)摸彩抽奖 4  a drawn game 平局 5  a suck on a cigarette etc. 吸一口(香烟等) 6  the act of removing a gun from its holster in order to shoot 拔枪(射击)动作  quick on the draw  出手拔枪快 7  strain, pull 拉紧；拉 8 US  the movable part of a drawbridge [美]吊桥的开合部分 □ draw back   withdraw from an undertaking 撤退；撤回；撤销□ draw a bead on   see 见 BEAD □ draw bit  Brit. [英]  = draw rein (see 见 REIN) □ draw a blank   see 见 BLANK □ draw bridle  Brit. [英]  = draw rein (see 见 REIN) □ draw a person's fire   attract hostility, criticism, etc., away from a more important target 招致敌意(批评等)□ draw in   1  a (of successive days) become shorter because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化白昼)渐短b (of a day) approach its end (白天)黑下来，渐近黄昏c (of successive evenings or nights) start earlier because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化黄昏和黑夜)渐长 2  persuade to join, entice 引诱加入；诱至 3 (of a train etc.) arrive at a station (火车等)到站□ draw in one's horns   become less assertive or ambitious; draw back 收敛傲气(或野心)；缩回□ draw the line at   set a limit (of tolerance etc.) at 划定(忍耐等的)最后界限□ draw lots   see 见 LOT □ draw off   withdraw (troops) 撤离(军队)□ draw on   1  approach, come near 来临；临近 2  lead to, bring about 导致，带来 3  allure 诱惑，引诱 4  put (gloves, boots, etc.) on 戴上(手套；) 穿上(靴子等)□ draw out   1  prolong 延长，拖延 2  elicit 得出，引出 3  induce to talk 诱导说话 4 (of successive days) become longer because of the changing seasons (由于季节变化白昼日渐)变长 5 (of a train etc.) leave a station etc. (火车等)开出(车站等) 6  write out in proper form 以适当形式写出 7  lead out, detach, or array (troops) 开始；派遣；部署(部队)□ draw rein   see 见 REIN □ draw the short straw   see 见 STRAW □ draw stumps  Cricket  take the stumps out of the ground at the close of play 【板球】比赛结束□ draw one's sword against   attack 攻击□ draw up   1  compose or draft (a document etc.) (文件等)拟定；制定；起草 2  bring or come into regular order 整容；整队；整顿 3  come to a halt 停住 4  make (oneself) stiffly erect 使(自己)直立 5 (foll. by 后跟 with, to)  gain on or overtake 赶上；超过□ quick on the draw   quick to act or react 行动迅速；反应敏捷 [Old English dragan, from Germanic]

drawback /ˈdrɔ:bæk/ n.  1  a thing that impairs satisfaction; a disadvantage 缺陷；不利；劣势 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  a deduction 扣除 3  an amount of excise or import duty paid back or remitted on goods exported 退款，退税

drawback lock n.  a lock with a spring bolt that can be drawn back by an inside knob (弹簧锁的)内开锁

drawbridge /ˈdrɔ:bridʒ/ n.  a bridge, esp. over water, hinged at one end so that it may be raised to prevent passage or to allow ships etc. to pass (尤指水面上的)吊桥；(允许船等通行的)开合桥

drawcord /ˈdrɔ:kɔ:d/ n.  a cord on clothing etc. that can be drawn up tight (服装上用来抽紧的)束带，拉绳

drawdown /ˈdrɔ:dəʊn/ n.  an act of raising money through loans; borrowing 通过贷款筹措金钱；借款

drawee /drɔ:(r)ˈi:/ n.  the person on whom a draft or bill is drawn (汇票的)受票人；(票据的)付款人

drawer n.  1 /ˈdrɔ:(r)ə/  a person or thing that draws, esp. a person who draws a cheque etc. 制图人(工具；) (尤指支票等的)出票人；开票人 2 /drɔ:/  a boxlike storage compartment without a lid, sliding in and out of a frame, table, etc. (机架、桌子等的)抽屉  chest of drawers  五斗橱 3 (in pl. 用复数 : /drɔ:z/) archaic or joc.  knickers or underpants [古义] [诙]女短裤；男衬裤 □ drawerful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

drawing /ˈdrɔ:(r)iŋ/ n.  1  a  the art of representing by line 线描，制图b  delineation without colour or with a single colour 素描c  the art of representing with pencils, pens, crayons, etc., rather than paint (用铅笔、钢笔、蜡笔等的)素描术 2  a picture produced in this way 素描画 □ out of drawing   incorrectly depicted 画得不准确的；不协调的

drawing board n.  a board for spreading drawing paper on 画板 □ back to the drawing board   back to begin afresh (after the failure of an enterprise) (计划失败后)重起炉灶；从头再搞

drawing paper n.  usu. thick paper for drawing pictures etc. on 图画纸，绘图纸(通常较厚，可在上画图等)

drawing pin n. Brit.  a flat-headed pin for fastening paper etc. (originally drawing paper) to a surface [英] (原为固定图画纸等的)图钉

drawing room n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  a room for comfortable sitting or entertaining in a private house 客厅，起居室 2 (作 attrib.)  restrained; observing social proprieties 上流社会(的)  drawing-room conversation  上流社会的谈话 3 US  a private compartment in a train [美] (火车车厢里的)特等卧室 4 hist.  a levee, a formal reception esp. at court [史义] (尤指宫廷内的)正式接见 [earlier withdrawing room, because originally used for women to withdraw to after dinner]

drawl /drɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  speak with drawn-out vowel sounds 拉长声音说 2 tr.  utter in this way 慢吞吞地说 ●n.  a drawling utterance or way of speaking 拉长声调说出的话；慢吞吞(地)拉长调子的说话方式 □ drawler  n.   [16th c.: probably originally slang, from Low German, Dutch dralen ‘delay, linger’]

drawn /drɔ:n/ past part. of DRAW; adj.  1  looking strained from fear, anxiety, or pain (由于惧怕、忧虑或疼痛)看起来紧张的 2 (of butter) melted (黄油)融化的 3 (of a position in chess etc.) that will result in a draw if both players make the best moves available (下棋等的形势)不分胜负的

drawn-out adj.  = LONG-DRAWN 

drawn work n. (also 亦作 drawn-thread-work)  ornamental work on linen etc., done by drawing out threads, usu. with additional needlework (在亚麻布等上的)抽花刺绣；抽绣(通常额外带编结)

draw-sheet n.  a sheet that can be taken from under a patient without remaking the bed (医院病人身下的)抽单，垫单

drawstring /ˈdrɔ:striŋ/ n.  a string that can be pulled to tighten the mouth of a bag, the waist of a garment, etc. (装于袋口、衣服腰部等处的)束带；拉绳

draw-well n.  a deep well with a rope and a bucket (备有绳索和水桶的)深井，吊桶井

dray1 /drei/ n.  1  a low cart without sides for heavy loads, esp. beer barrels (尤指装啤酒桶的无围边)板车，大车 2 Austral. & NZ  a two-wheeled cart [澳新]两轮拉车 [Middle English from Old English drœge ‘dragnet’, related to dragan DRAW]

dray2 var.  of DREY  DREY 的变体

dray horse n.  a large, powerful horse (拖载重马车的)挽马

drayman /ˈdreimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a brewer's driver (运送啤酒的)平板车夫

dread /dred/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 that, or to + infin.)  fear greatly 畏惧；恐惧 2  shrink from; look forward to with great apprehension 畏缩；敬畏 3  be in great fear of 害怕 ●n.  1  great fear, apprehension, awe 害怕；恐惧；敬畏 2  an object of fear or awe 可怕的事情；令人生畏的对象 ●adj.  1  dreaded 可怕的 2 archaic  awe-inspiring, revered [古义]敬畏的，崇敬的 [Old English ɑˉdrœˉdan, ondrœˉdan]

dreaded /ˈdredid/ adj.  1  regarded with fear, apprehension, or awe 畏惧的；恐惧的；敬畏的 2 colloq.  regarded with mock fear [口]假敬畏的

dreadful /ˈdredfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  terrible; inspiring fear or awe 可怕的；令人惧怕(或敬畏)的 2 colloq.  troublesome, disagreeable; very bad [口]讨厌的；极不合意的；糟透了的 □ dreadfully  adv.  □ dreadfulness  n.  

dreadlocks /ˈdredlɒks/ n. pl.  1  a Rastafarian hairstyle in which the hair is twisted into tight braids or ringlets hanging down on all sides “骇人”长发式，拉斯特法里发式(把头发编成辫子和小环挂满一头) 2  hair dressed in this way “骇人”长发绺 □ dreadlocked  adj.  

dreadnought /ˈdrednɔ:t/ n.  1 (usu. 通常为 Dreadnought) hist.  a type of battleship greatly superior in armament to all its predecessors (from the name of the first, launched in 1906) [史义]无畏(级战)舰(取自英国 1906 年建成的第一艘战舰名) 2 archaic  a fearless person [古义]大无畏的人 3 archaic [古义]  a  a thick coat for stormy weather 厚呢大衣b  the cloth used for such coats 厚大衣呢

dream /dri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a series of pictures or events in the mind of a sleeping person 梦到的事；梦b  the act or time of seeing this 做梦c (in full 全称 waking dream)  a similar experience of one awake 梦想 2  a daydream or fantasy 白日梦，空想 3  an ideal, aspiration, or ambition, esp. of a nation (尤指一个国家的)理想，愿望；夙愿 4  a beautiful or ideal person or thing 梦一般美妙(或理想)的人(或事) 5  a state of mind without proper perception of reality 梦想；幻想  goes about in a dream  梦幻 ●v. (past and past part. dreamed /dremt, dri:md/ or dreamt /dremt/)  1 intr.  experience a dream 做梦 2 tr.  imagine in or as if in a dream 梦想 3 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  contemplate the possibility of, have any conception or intention of 想到；料想；考虑  would not dream of upsetting them  做梦都没想到会麻烦他们b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  think of as a possibility 认为有可能性  never dreamt that he would come  决没想到他会来 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  spend (time) unprofitably 迷迷糊糊地度过(时间) 5 intr.  be inactive or unpractical 不起作用，不切实际 6 intr.  fall into a reverie 陷入幻想 □ dream up   imagine, invent 想像；虚构出□ like a dream  colloq.  easily, effortlessly [口]容易地；不费气力地□ dreamful  adj.  □ dreamless  adj.  □ dreamlike  adj.   [Middle English from Old English drēam ‘joy, music’]

dreamboat /ˈdri:mbəʊt/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a very attractive or ideal person, esp. of the opposite sex (尤指对异性)有吸引力(理想)的人；梦中情人 2  a very desirable or ideal thing 理想目标(事物)

dreamer /ˈdri:mə/ n.  1  a person who dreams 做梦的人 2  a romantic or unpractical person 梦想家；空想家

dreamland /ˈdri:mlænd/ n.  an ideal or imaginary land 理想世界；梦境

dreamscape /ˈdri:mskeip/ n.  a dreamed or dreamlike landscape or scene 幻景；如梦景色 [DREAM + -SCAPE]

dream ticket n.  an ideal pair of candidates standing together for esp. political office (尤指竞选的)梦幻搭档，最佳竞选拍档

dreamtime /ˈdri:mtaim/ n. Austral.  the alcheringa [澳]黄金时代

dream-world n.  a state of mind distanced from reality 梦幻状态

dreamy /ˈdri:mi/ adj. (dreamier, dreamiest)  1  given to daydreaming; fanciful; unpractical 幻想的；空想的；不切实际的 2  dreamlike; vague; misty 似在梦中的；模糊的；朦胧不清的；  3 colloq.  delightful; marvellous [口]极愉快的；绝妙的 4 poet.  full of dreams [诗]充满梦想的 □ dreamily  adv.  □ dreaminess  n.  

drear /driə/ adj. poet. [诗]  = DREARY  [abbreviation]

dreary /ˈdriəri/ adj. (drearier, dreariest)  dismal, dull, gloomy 令人沮丧的；沉闷的；忧虑的 □ drearily  adv.  □ dreariness  n.   [Old English drēorig from drēor ‘gore’: related to drēosan ‘to drop’, from Germanic]

dredge1 /dredʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  bring up (lost or hidden material) as if with a dredge 捞取，挖取(丢失或隐藏的东西)  don't dredge all that up again  不要再捞取那些东西了b (often foll. by 常后跟 away, up, out)  bring up or clear (mud etc.) from a river, harbour, etc. with a dredge (用挖掘机、挖泥船从河流、港口等)采挖，挖掘(淤泥等) 2 tr.  clean (a harbour, river, etc.) with a dredge (用挖掘机、挖泥船)疏浚(港口、河流等) 3 intr.  use a dredge 使用挖掘机疏浚 ●n.  an apparatus used to scoop up objects or to clear mud etc. from a river or seabed (从河流、海底清淤等的)挖泥机；挖泥船 [15th-c. Scots dreg, perhaps related to Middle Dutch dregghe]

dredge2 /dredʒ/ v. tr.  1  sprinkle with flour, sugar, etc. (以面粉、食糖等)喷撒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  sprinkle (flour, sugar, etc.) on 在…上撒(面粉、食糖等) [obsolete dredge ‘sweetmeat’ from Old French dragie, dragee, perhaps via Latin tragemata from Greek tragēmata ‘spices’]

dredger1 /ˈdredʒə/ n.  1  a machine used for dredging rivers etc.; a dredge (疏浚河流等的)挖泥器械；挖泥机 2  a boat containing this 挖泥船

dredger2 /ˈdredʒə/ n.  a container with a perforated lid used for sprinkling flour, sugar, etc. 撒粉器(盖子上有小孔，用于喷撒面粉、食糖等的容器)

dree /dri:/ v. tr. (drees, dreed, dreeing) Sc. or archaic  endure [苏格兰] [古义]忍耐，忍受 □ dree one's weird   submit to one's destiny 认命 [Old English drēogan, from Germanic]

dreg /dreɡ/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a sediment; grounds, lees, etc. 沉淀(物；) 渣滓(残渣等)b  a worthless part; refuse 无用之物；垃圾  the dregs of humanity  人类渣滓 2  a small remnant 少量剩余(物)  not a dreg  丝毫不剩 □ drain (or drink) to the dregs   consume leaving nothing 喝干  drained life to the dregs  耗尽生命□ dreggy  adj. colloq. [口]   [Middle English, probably from Old Norse dreggjar]

drench /dren(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  wet thoroughly 使湿透  was drenched by the rain  被雨水淋透b  saturate; soak (in liquid) 浸湿；浸泡在(液体中) 2  force (an animal) to take medicine 给(牲畜)灌药 3 archaic  cause to drink [古义]迫使…饮 ●n.  1  a soaking; a downpour 浸泡，湿透；倾盆大雨 2  medicine administered to an animal 兽用药 3 archaic  a medicinal or poisonous draught [古义] (有毒)药水 [Old English drencan, drenc from Germanic: related to DRINK]

Dresden china /ˈdrezd(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Dresden porcelain)  1  delicate and elaborate chinaware originally made at Dresden in Germany, now made at nearby Meissen (德国)德累斯顿细瓷器(现产地在迈森附近) 2 (作 attrib.)  delicately pretty 精致漂亮(的)

dress /dres/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  clothe; array 给…穿衣；替…打扮  dressed in rags  衣着褴褛 dressed her quickly  很快给她打扮上b intr.  wear clothes of a specified kind or in a specified way 穿衣，打扮  dresses well  穿着入时 2 intr.  a  put on clothes 穿衣服b  put on formal or evening clothes, esp. for dinner (尤指为晚宴)穿上礼服 3 tr.  decorate or adorn 修饰；装饰 4 tr. Med. 【医】  a  treat (a wound) with ointment etc. 给(伤口)敷(药膏、药剂等)b  apply a dressing to (a wound) 给(伤口)包扎 5 tr.  trim, comb, brush, or smooth (the hair) 修剪；梳理；平整(头发) 6 tr.  a  clean and prepare (poultry, a crab, etc.) for cooking or eating (食用前给家禽、螃蟹等)加工b  add a dressing to (a salad etc.) 给(沙拉等)添加调味品 7 tr.  apply manure etc. to a field, garden, etc. 给(土地、园地等)施肥(粪肥等) 8 tr.  finish the surface of (fabric, building stone, etc.) 给(织物、建筑用石等)修琢；润饰；加工 9 tr.  groom (a horse) 梳刷(马匹) 10 tr.  curry (leather etc.) 制(革), 鞣(皮等) 11 Mil. 【军】  a tr.  correct the alignment of (troops etc.) 整队，使(部队等)排列整齐b intr. (of troops) come into alignment (部队)整列 12 tr.  make (an artificial fly) for use in fishing (钓鱼时)装好(人造钓饵) ●n.  1  a one-piece woman's garment consisting of a bodice and skirt 连衣裙，套裙 2  clothing, esp. a whole outfit etc. 服装(尤指套装等)  fussy about his dress  他对服饰很挑剔 wore the dress of a highlander  身着高地人服装 3  formal or ceremonial attire 正式(或节日)服装；礼服  evening dress  晚礼服 morning dress  晨礼服 4  an external covering; the outward form 外部覆盖物；外观  birds in their winter dress  换上冬羽的鸟 □ dress down  colloq. [口]  1  reprimand or scold 指责，斥责 2  dress informally 穿着随便□ dress out   attire conspicuously 穿戴引人注意□ dress up   1  dress (oneself or another) elaborately for a special occasion 精心打扮(自己或他人) 2  dress in fancy dress 穿着花哨 3  disguise (unwelcome facts) by embellishment 添枝加叶地修饰(不受欢迎的事实) [Middle English from Old French dresser, ultimately from Latin directus DIRECT]

dressage /ˈdresɑ:ʒ, -ɑ:dʒ/ n.  the training of a horse in obedience and deportment, esp. for competition (尤以比赛为目的的)花式骑术训练 [French from dresser ‘to train’]

dress circle n.  the first gallery in a theatre, in which evening dress was formerly required (旧时剧院里只供给穿晚礼服观众的)第一层楼厅前排座位

dress coat n.  a man's swallow-tailed evening coat 燕尾服(一种男用晚礼服)

dresser1 /ˈdresə/ n.  1  a kitchen sideboard with shelves above for displaying plates etc. (有搁板可放置碟、盘等的)碗柜 2 N. Amer.  a dressing table or chest of drawers [北美]梳妆台；五斗橱 [Middle English from Old French dresseur, from dresser ‘prepare’]

dresser2 /ˈdresə/ n.  1  a person who assists actors to dress, takes care of their costumes, etc. (剧团照料演员服装等的)服装师 2 Brit. Med. [英]【医】  a surgeon's assistant in operations 外科医生助手 3  a person who dresses elegantly or in a specified way 穿着讲究者  a snappy dresser  穿着时髦者

dressing /ˈdresiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of DRESS v. [用于 DRESS 的动词释义]  2  a  a sauce for salads, esp. a mixture of oil, vinegar, etc. (拌制色拉用的)调料(尤指用油、醋混合而成)  French dressing  法国色拉调料b N. Amer.  stuffing [北美]填塞料 3  a  a bandage for a wound 绷带b  ointment etc. used to dress a wound 药膏(药剂等) 4  size or stiffening used to finish fabrics (用于处理织物的)浆料 5  compost etc. spread over land (对土地施用的)堆肥(混合肥等)  a top dressing of peat  用泥炭作堆肥

dressing case n.  a case containing toiletries etc. (放置化妆品等的)化妆盒，梳妆盒

dressing down n. colloq.  a scolding; a severe reprimand [口]狠狠的训斥；痛加申斥

dressing gown n.  a loose usu. belted robe worn over nightwear or while resting (休息时穿的或罩在睡衣上的一种宽松的、通常有带的)晨衣

dressing room n.  1  a room for changing the clothes etc. in a theatre, sports ground, etc. (在剧院、体育场等换衣服等的)更衣室 2  a small room attached to a bedroom, containing clothes 贮衣室

dressing station n.  a place for giving emergency treatment to wounded people 紧急包扎所

dressing table n.  a table with a mirror, drawers, etc., used while applying make-up etc. (有镜子、抽屉等的)化妆台，梳妆台

dress length n.  a piece of material sufficient to make a dress 一段衣料

dressmaker /ˈdresmeikə/ n. Brit.  a person, esp. a woman, who makes clothes professionally [英] (尤指女)裁缝 □ dressmaking  n.  

dress parade n.  1 Mil.  a military parade in full dress uniform 【军】阅兵典礼 2  a display of clothes worn by models 时装表演

dress rehearsal n.  the final rehearsal of a play etc., wearing costume (戏剧等的)彩排

dress shield n. (also 亦作 dress preserver)  a piece of waterproof material fastened in the armpit of a dress to protect it from sweat (服装腋下的)护衣汗垫

dress shirt n.  1  a man's usu. starched white shirt worn with evening dress (男子通常穿晚礼服时所着的上浆)礼服衬衫 2 US  any man's long-sleeved shirt, usu. worn with a tie [美] (男子通常系领带所穿的)长袖白衬衫

dressy /ˈdresi/ adj. (dressier, dressiest)  1  a  fond of smart clothes 衣着考究的b  overdressed (穿着等)过于讲究的c (of clothes) stylish or elaborate (服装)时髦的；精致的 2  over-elaborate 过分精细的  the design is rather dressy  设计相当考究 □ dressiness  n.  

drew past  of DRAW  

drey /drei/ n. (also 亦作 dray)  a squirrel's nest 松鼠窝 [17th c.: origin unknown]

dribble /ˈdrib(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  allow saliva to flow from the mouth 流口水 2 intr. & tr.  flow or allow to flow in drops or a trickling stream 一点一滴地流，涓涓细流 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (esp. in football and hockey) move (the ball) forward with slight touches of the feet, the stick, etc., or (in basketball etc.) by continuous bouncing (尤指足球、曲棍球运动中用脚或球棍等)运(球)；(蓝球等)带球，盘球 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of dribbling 小滴；细流 2  a small trickling stream 涓涓细流 □ dribbler  n.  □ dribbly  adj.   [frequentative of obsolete drib, variant of DRIP]

driblet /ˈdriblit/ n.  1  a  a small quantity 微量b  a petty sum 少许 2  a thin stream; a dribble 细流；点滴 [drib (see DRIBBLE) + -LET]

dribs and drabs /dribz(ə)n ˈdræbz/ n. pl. colloq.  small scattered amounts [口]点点滴滴；少量  did the work in dribs and drabs  断断续续地干活 [as DRIBBLE + drab ‘reduplication’]

dried past and past part.  of DRY 

drier1 compar.  of DRY  

drier2 var.  of DRYER  DRYER 的变体

driest superl.  of DRY  

drift /drift/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  slow movement or variation 缓慢地移动(或变动)b  such movement caused by a slow current 漂流，飘游 2  the intention, meaning, scope, etc. of what is said etc. (所说等的)意义，含义(主旨等)  didn't understand his drift  不明白他话里的含义 3  a large mass of snow, sand, etc., accumulated by the wind 吹积物(被风扬起而堆积的大量雪、沙等) 4 esp. derog.  a state of inaction [尤贬]迟钝状态 5  a Naut.  a ship's deviation from its course, due to currents 【海】(由于水流)船只偏离航线b Aeron.  an aircraft's deviation due to side winds 【空】(由于侧面风飞机)偏航c  a projectile's deviation due to its rotation (抛射体由于旋转而产生的)偏差d  a controlled slide of a racing car etc. (赛车等的)滑移 6 Mining  a horizontal passage following a mineral vein 【采矿学】(水)平巷(道) 7  a large mass of esp. flowering plants 大丛的(尤指开花)植物  a drift of bluebells  一片圆叶风铃草 8 Geol. 【地质】  a  material deposited by the wind, a current of water, etc. (由风、水流等引起的)吹积物；堆积物；漂聚物b (Drift)  Pleistocene ice detritus, e.g. boulder clay (更新世冰川的)冰碛(如冰砾土) 9 Brit. hist.  the movement of cattle, esp. a gathering in a forest on an appointed day to determine ownership etc. [英史义] (尤指林中)赶拢牲口(一种决定所有权等的做法) 10  a tool for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal 冲头；圆凿；穿孔器 11 S. Afr.  a ford [南非]浅滩 ●v.  1 intr.  be carried by or as if by a current of air or water 漂流；飘 2 intr.  move or progress passively, casually, or aimlessly (被动、随意、无目的地)移动  drifted into teaching  无意间从事了教学 3  a tr. & intr.  pile or be piled by the wind into drifts (被)吹聚；(被)漂聚b tr.  cover (a field, a road, etc.) with drifts 由漂移物覆盖(田野、道路等) 4 tr.  form or enlarge (a hole) with a drift 穿(孔)；打(眼)；扩(洞) 5 tr. (of a current) carry (水流)使漂流；使飘游 □ driftage  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse & Middle Dutch, Middle High German trift ‘movement of cattle’: related to DRIVE]

drifter /ˈdriftə/ n.  1  an aimless or rootless person 漂泊者，流浪者 2  a boat used for drift-net fishing 漂网(或流网)渔船

drift-ice n.  ice driven or deposited by water 浮冰，流冰

drift-net n.  a large net for herrings etc., allowed to drift with the tide (尤指用以捕鲱鱼等的)流网；漂网 □ drift-netter  n.  □ drift-netting  n.  

driftwood /ˈdriftwʊd/ n.  wood etc. driven or deposited by water or wind 飘流木(流送材等)

drill1 /dril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pointed, esp. revolving, steel tool or machine used for boring cylindrical holes, sinking wells, etc. (尤指旋转的)钻头(用于钻圆柱形孔、沉井等)b  a dentist's rotary tool for cutting away part of a tooth etc. (去掉部分牙等的)牙钻 2  a esp. Mil. (尤)【军】  instruction or training in military exercises 军事训练，操练b  rigorous discipline or methodical instruction, esp. when learning or performing tasks (尤指学习或执行任务时的)严峻的纪律，系统操练方法c  routine procedure to be followed in an emergency (在应急中需遵循的)正确的规定程序，正确方法；常规  fire drill  消防演习d  a routine or exercise 日常操练  drills in irregular verb patterns  不规则动词形式的练习 3 colloq.  a recognized procedure [口]惯常的程序  I expect you know the drill  我认为你知道这个常规 4  any of various molluscs, esp. Urosalpinx cinerea, that bore into the shells of young oysters (尤指寄生于幼牡蛎壳内的)尾角螺 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (of a person or a tool) make a hole with a drill through or into (wood, metal, etc.) (由人或用工具)打眼；钻(木材、金属等)孔b  make (a hole) with a drill 用钻打(孔) 2 tr. & intr. esp. Mil.  subject to or undergo discipline by drill (尤)【军】操练；训练 3 tr.  impart (knowledge etc.) by a strict method (通过严格的方法)传授(知识等) 4 tr. slang  shoot with a gun [俚语]用枪射击  drilled him full of holes  在他身上留下了许多枪眼 □ driller  n.   [earlier as verb, from Middle Dutch drillen ‘bore’, of unknown origin]

drill2 /dril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine used for making furrows, sowing, and covering seed 条播机 2  a small furrow for sowing seed in 条播沟 3  a ridge with such furrows on top 顶上有条沟的山脊 4  a row of plants so sown 排条播作物 ●v. tr.  1  sow (seed) with a drill 条播(种子) 2  plant (the ground) in drills 在(土地)上条播 [18th c., of unknown origin: perhaps from DRILL1]

drill3 /dril/ n.  a W. African baboon, Mandrillus leucophaeus, related to the mandrill (一种生活在西非的)黑脸山魈 [probably of African origin: cf. MANDRILL]

drill4 /dril/ n.  a coarse twilled cotton or linen fabric 粗斜纹棉织物(或亚麻织物) [earlier drilling via German Drillich from Latin trilix -licis, from tri- ‘three’ + licium ‘thread’]

drilling rig n.  a structure with equipment for drilling an oil well etc. (用以钻油井等的)钻井设备

drill stem  see 见 STEM1 n. 7 

drily /ˈdraili/ adv. (also 亦作 dryly)  1 (said) in a dry manner; humorously 干巴巴地(说)；古怪地 2  in a dry way or condition 干燥地，干枯地

drink /driŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past drank /dræŋk/; past part. drunk /drʌŋk/)  1  a tr.  swallow (a liquid) 饮，喝(水或酒)b tr.  swallow the liquid contents of (a container) 喝光(容器中的)饮料c intr.  swallow liquid, take draughts 吸入；饮进  drank from the stream  喝口溪水 2 intr.  take alcohol, esp. to excess 饮酒(尤指酗酒)  I have heard that he drinks  我听说他酗酒 3 tr. (of a plant, porous material, etc.) absorb (moisture) (植物、多孔物质等)吸收(水分) 4 refl.  bring (oneself etc.) to a specified condition by drinking 使(自己等)喝酒喝得…  drank himself into a stupor  他喝得烂醉 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away)  spend (wages etc.) on drink 因喝酒而耗尽(工资等)  drank away the money  把钱喝得分文不剩 6 tr.  wish (a person's good health, luck, etc.) by drinking (为某人健康、幸运等)祝酒  drank his health  为他的健康干杯 ●n.  1  a  a liquid for drinking 饮料；酒  milk is a sustaining drink  牛奶是健身壮体的饮料b  a draught or specified amount of this 饮用量  had a drink of milk  喝了一杯牛奶 2  a  alcoholic liquor 酒  got the drink in for Christmas  喝上一杯酒庆祝圣诞节b  a portion, glass, etc. of this 一份(一杯酒等)  have a drink  喝上一杯c  excessive indulgence in alcohol 酗酒  drink is his vice  酗酒是他的恶习 3 (as 作 the drink) colloq.  the sea [口]海 □ drink deep   take a large draught or draughts 酗酒，痛饮□ drink in   listen to closely or eagerly 倾听  drank in his every word  倾听他讲的字字句句□ drink off   drink the whole (contents) of at once 把(杯中物)一口喝光□ drink to   toast; wish success to 举杯祝贺□ drink a person under the table   remain sober longer than one's drinking companion 喝到把对方灌醉□ drink up   drink the whole of; empty 喝光，喝完□ in drink   drunk 喝醉的□ drinkable  adj.   [Old English drincan (v.), drinc(a) (n.), from Germanic]

drink-driving n. Brit.  the act of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in the blood [英]酒后驾车 □ drink-driver  n.  

drinker /ˈdriŋkə/ n.  1  a  a person who drinks (something) 饮(某物)者b  a person who takes alcohol, esp. to excess 酒鬼(尤指过量) 2 (in full 全称 drinker moth)  a large brownish moth, Euthrix potatoria, whose caterpillar is noted for drinking dew 饮吮蛾

drinking song n.  a song sung while drinking, usu. concerning drink (通常有关喝酒的)饮酒歌

drinking-up time n. Brit.  a short period legally allowed for finishing drinks bought before closing time in a public house [英] (在酒店停止营业后允许顾客把酒喝完的)法定延长饮酒时间

drinking water n.  water pure enough for drinking 饮用水

drip /drip/ v. & n. ●v. (dripped, dripping)  1 intr. & tr.  fall or let fall in drops 滴下，流滴 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be so wet as to shed drops (湿淋淋地)滴下  dripped with blood  鲜血滴下 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of dripping 滴下，滴水  the steady drip of rain  雨点滴个不停b  a drop of liquid 一滴  a drip of paint  一滴油漆c  a sound of dripping 滴水声 2 colloq.  a stupid, dull, or ineffective person [口]愚钝(平庸)低效之人 3 Med. 【医】  = DRIP-FEEDn.  4 Archit.  a projection, esp. from a window sill, keeping the rain off the walls 【建】滴水挑檐；(尤指窗沿的外窗台) □ be dripping with   be full of or covered with 充满，覆盖  a duchess dripping with pearls  珠光宝气的公爵夫人□ dripping wet   very wet 湿透 [Middle Danish drippe, from Germanic (cf. DROP)]

drip-dry v. & adj. ●v. (-dries, -dried)  1 intr. (of fabric etc.) dry crease-free when hung up to drip (织物等)滴干，使滴干后依旧挺括 2 tr.  leave (a garment etc.) hanging up to dry 滴干(衣服等) ●adj.  able to be drip-dried 不需熨烫的；能滴干的

drip-feed v. & n. ●v. tr.  feed intravenously in drops 静脉滴注 ●n.  1  the continuous intravenous introduction of fluid into the body 静脉滴注 2  the fluid so introduced 静脉滴注液 3  the apparatus used to do this 输液器具，静脉滴注器具

drip-mat n. Brit.  a small mat under a glass [英] (玻璃杯下的)垫子，垫托

drip-moulding n.  a stone or other projection that deflects rain etc. from walls (引开雨水等的)滴水线脚

dripping /ˈdripiŋ/ n.  1  fat melted from roasted meat and used esp. for cooking (烤肉上滴下的)油滴(尤用于烹调) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  water, grease, etc., dripping from anything 滴下的液体(水、油脂等)

drippy /ˈdripi/ adj. (drippier, drippiest)  1  tending to drip 滴水的 2 colloq.  ineffectual; sloppily sentimental [口]不起作用的；故作多情的；过于伤感的 □ drippily  adv.  □ drippiness  n.  

dripstone /ˈdripstəʊn/ n.  1  = DRIP-MOULDING  2  a stone formation made by dripping water, e.g. a stalactite 石笋(如钟乳石)

drive /draiv/ v. & n. ●v. (past drove /drəʊv/; past part. driven /ˈdriv(ə)n/)  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, back, in, out, to, etc.)  urge in some direction, esp. forcibly (尤指用力)赶，驱赶，围赶  drove back the wolves  赶退狼群 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or to + verbal noun)  compel or constrain forcibly 逼迫；迫使  was driven to complain  被迫申诉 drove her to stealing  逼她去偷窃b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  force into a specified state 迫使成为某种状态  drove him mad  把他逼疯了 driven to despair  被逼得陷入绝望c (often 常作 refl.)  urge to overwork 驱使…拼命干；迫使…过分劳累  drives himself too hard  他拼命干活 3  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  operate and direct the course of (a vehicle, a locomotive, etc.) 驾驶，开(汽车、火车等)  drove a sports car  开一辆跑车 drives well  车开得好，车很好开b tr. & intr.  convey or be conveyed in a vehicle, esp. a private car (cf. 参见 RIDE) (尤指用私车)驾车运送  drove them to the station  开车把他们送去车站 he drives to work  他开车去上班c tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be licensed or competent to drive (a vehicle) 驾御，驾驶(车辆)  does he drive?  他会开车吗？d tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  urge and direct the course of (an animal drawing a vehicle or plough) 驱赶(牲畜拉的车或犁)e tr. colloq.  operate (an electronic device etc.) [口]操作(电器等)  bought a new computer but hasn't learnt to drive it yet  买了台新电脑，但尚未学会操作 4 tr. (of wind, water, etc.) carry along, propel, send, or cause to go in some direction (由风、水等)驱动，推动  pure as the driven snow  纯洁如飘雪 5 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  force (a stake, nail, etc.) into place by blows 打，敲(桩子、钉子等)；拧，戳  drove the nail home  钉紧钉子b Mining  bore (a tunnel, horizontal cavity, etc.) 【采矿学】掘进(平巷)，钻掘出(隧道、巷道等) 6 tr.  effect or conclude forcibly 努力促成，达成  drove a hard bargain  促使一笔难做的买卖成交 drove his point home  把他的观点讲得十分清楚 7 tr. (of steam or other power) set or keep (machinery) going (蒸汽或其他动力)推动(机器)运转 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  work hard; dash, rush, or hasten 拼命地干；猛冲；挺进；急行 9 tr.  hit (a ball) hard from a freely swung bat or racket 用力击(球；) 猛抽(球) 10 tr. (often absol. [常含宾]) Golf  strike (a ball) with a driver from the tee 【高尔夫球】(从球座)击(球) 11 tr.  chase or frighten (game, wild beasts, an enemy in warfare, etc.) from a large area to a smaller, to kill or capture; corner (对猎物、野兽、敌军等)围赶；围歼；逼入困境 12 tr. Brit. hist. [英史义]  hold a drift in (a forest etc.) (see 见 DRIFT n. 9) (在林中等)赶拢牲口 ●n.  1  an act of driving in a motor vehicle; a journey or excursion in such a vehicle 驾驶；驱车旅行  went for a pleasant drive  开车兜风 lives an hour's drive from us  住在离我们开车一小时能到的地方 2  a  the capacity for achievement; motivation and energy 积极性；动力；干劲  lacks the drive needed to succeed  缺乏奋发图强的动力b Psychol.  an inner urge to attain a goal or satisfy a need 【心】(内)驱力；欲望  unconscious emotional drives  无意识的情感驱动 3  a  a usu. landscaped street or road (通常指景色如画的)街道；大道b  a usu. private road through a garden or park to a house (通常经过花园或公园的)私人车道 4 Cricket, Golf & Tennis  a driving stroke of the bat etc. 【板球】【高尔夫球】【网球】(用球棒、球拍等)用力抽球；发急球 5  an organized effort to achieve a usu. charitable purpose (通常出于慈善目的的)运动  a famine-relief drive  解除饥荒运动 6  a  the transmission of power to machinery, the wheels of a motor vehicle, etc. 传动；驱动； (汽车等的)驱动轮  belt drive  皮带传动 front-wheel drive  前轮驱动b  the position of a steering wheel in a motor vehicle 驾驶座位  left-hand drive  左座驾驶c Computing 【计算】  = DISK DRIVE  7 Brit.  an organized competition, for many players, of whist, bingo, etc. [英] (惠斯特、宾戈等)纸牌戏比赛 8  an act of driving game or an enemy 围赶(猎物；) 围歼(敌人) 9 Austral. & NZ  a line of partly cut trees on a hillside felled when the top one topples on the others [澳新]山坡上一行未全部砍断的树，由最高处的树伐到后依次压倒下一棵 □ drive at   seek, intend, or mean 力争；要说；意指  what is he driving at?  他的意思是什么？□ drive out   take the place of; oust; exorcize, cast out (evil spirits etc.) 取代；驱逐；开除；逐出□ driving rain   an excessive windblown downpour 大风雨□ let drive   aim a blow or missile (朝…) 打； (对…) 发射(导弹)□ drivable  adj. (also 亦作 driveable)   [Old English drīfan, from Germanic]

drive-by attrib. adj. (of a crime etc.) carried out from a moving vehicle (罪等)在行驶车辆上所犯的

drive-in adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a bank, cinema, etc.) able to be used while sitting in one's car (银行、露天影院等)可开车进去不用下车即可享受服务的，“免下车”服务的 ●n.  such a bank, cinema, etc. 免下车服务的银行(影院等)

drivel /ˈdriv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  silly nonsense; twaddle 傻话；胡说八道 ●v. (drivelled, drivelling; US [美] driveled, driveling)  1 intr.  run at the mouth or nose; dribble 淌口水，流鼻涕；滴下 2 intr.  talk childishly or idiotically 讲幼稚的无聊话；说傻话 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  fritter; squander away 浪费；挥霍 □ driveller  n. (US [美] driveler)   [Old English dreflian (v.)]

driven past part.  of DRIVE  

drive-on attrib. adj. (also 亦作 drive-on/ drive-off) (of a ship) on to and from which motor vehicles may be driven (船)车辆可驶上的；驶上型的

driver /ˈdraivə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person who drives a vehicle 驾驶员  bus driver  公共汽车驾驶员 train driver  火车司机 2 Golf  a club with a flat face and wooden head, used for driving from the tee 【高尔夫球】(发球时用的)球棒 3 Electr.  a device or part of a circuit providing power for output 【电】激励器 4 Mech.  a wheel etc. receiving power directly and transmitting motion to other parts 【机】主动轮；传动器(驱动器等) 5 Computing  a program that controls the operation of a device 【计算】驱动程序 □ in the driver's seat   in charge 处于控制(统治)地位□ driverless  adj.  

driver's license N. Amer. var.  of DRIVING LICENCE [北美] DRIVING LICENCE 的变体

driver's test N. Amer. var.  of DRIVING TEST [北美] DRIVING TEST 的变体

driveshaft /ˈdraivʃɑ:ft/ n.  a shaft transmitting torque 传动轴；驱动轴

drive-through attrib. adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  designating a shop, restaurant, etc. which has a window at which customers are served without leaving their cars (商店、饭馆等)免下车即可享受服务的 2  suitable for driving through 适于驾车进入的  a drive-through tunnel  可通行车辆的隧道

drive-time n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the parts of the day when many people commute by car (一天中众多人)开车上下班时间(的)；黄金时间(的)  a drive-time radio show  黄金时段的电台广播节目

driveway /ˈdraivwei/ n.  = DRIVEn. 3b 

driving licence n. (N. Amer. [北美] driver's license)  a licence permitting a person to drive a motor vehicle 驾(车执)照

driving range n. Golf  an area for practising drives 【高尔夫球】击球练习区(或练习场地)

driving test n. (N. Amer. [北美] driver's test)  an official test of a motorist's competence which must be passed to obtain a driving licence 汽车驾驶员行车执照的考试

driving wheel n.  1  the large wheel of a locomotive 主动轮 2  a wheel transmitting motive power in machinery 驱动轮

drizzle /ˈdriz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  very fine rain 细雨，毛毛雨 2 esp. Cookery  fine drops; a fine trickle (尤)【烹饪】小滴；细流 ●v.  1 v. intr. (esp. of rain) fall in very fine drops (尤指雨)洒落  it's drizzling again  又在下毛毛雨了 2 v. tr. esp. Cookery  sprinkle in fine drops or a thin trickle (尤)【烹饪】滴撒；滴流 □ drizzly  adj.   [probably from Middle English drēse, Old English drēosan ‘fall’]

Dr Martens /dɒktə ˈmɑ:tinz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Doc Martens, Doctor Martens) propr.  a type of heavy usu. laced boot or shoe with a cushioned sole [商标]加衬垫的靴子(或鞋子) (通常系鞋带) [from Dr K. Maertens, the name of the German inventor of the sole]

drogue /drəʊɡ/ n.  1 Naut. 【海】  a  a buoy at the end of a harpoon line 浮标b  a sea anchor 海锚 2 Aeron.  a truncated cone of fabric used as a brake, a target for gunnery, a windsock, etc. 【空】(用作制动器、射击目标等的)风(向)袋 [18th c.: origin unknown]

droit /drɔit/ n. Law  a right or due 【法律】权利；所有权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin directum (n.), from directus DIRECT]

droit de seigneur /drwɑ: də senˈjɜ:/ n. hist.  the alleged right of a feudal lord to have sexual intercourse with a vassal's bride on her wedding night [史义] (封建领主对封臣新娘的)初夜权 [French, = lord's right]

droll /drəʊl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  quaintly amusing 古怪有趣的 2  strange; odd; surprising 奇怪的；奇特的；令人惊讶的 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a jester; an entertainer 小丑；演艺人员 2  a quaintly amusing person 滑稽可笑的人 □ drollery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ drolly  /ˈdrəʊlli/ adv.  □ drollness  n.   [French drôle, perhaps from Middle Dutch drolle ‘little man’]

drome /drəʊm/ n. colloq. archaic  aerodrome [口] [古义]飞机场 [abbreviation]

-drome /drəʊm/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  a place for running, racing, or other forms of movement (aerodrome 飞机场 ; hippodrome 竞技场；马戏杂耍场) 比赛场地；运动形式 2  a thing that runs or proceeds in a certain way (palindrome 回文 ; syndrome 综合征) 跑(进行)的东西 [Greek dromos ‘course, running’]

dromedary /ˈdrɒmid(ə)ri, ˈdrʌm-/ n. (pl. -ies)  = ARABIAN CAMEL  [Middle English from Old French dromedaire or Late Latin dromedarius, ultimately from Greek dromas -ados ‘runner’]

dromond /ˈdrɒmənd, ˈdrʌm-/ n. hist.  a large medieval ship used for war or commerce [史义] (中世纪用于战争或贸易的)快速大帆船 [Middle English via Old French dromon(t) and Late Latin dromo -onis from late Greek dromōn ‘light vessel’]

drone /drəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a non-working male of the honey bee, whose sole social function is to mate with fertile females 雄蜂，公蜂 2  an idler 懒汉，游手好闲者 3  a deep humming sound 深沉的嗡嗡声 4  a monotonous speech or speaker 单调枯燥的讲话(或演说者) 5  a  a pipe, esp. of a bagpipe, sounding a continuous note of fixed low pitch (尤指风笛的)单音管b  the note emitted by this 风笛声c (on a stringed instrument) a string used to produce a continuous droning sound (弦乐器上产生持续低音的)低音弦 6  a remote-controlled pilotless aircraft or missile 遥控的无人驾驶飞机(或导弹) ●v.  1 intr.  make a deep humming sound 嗡嗡叫；嗡嗡响 2 intr. & tr.  speak or utter monotonously 单调地说(或讲) 3  a intr.  be idle 无所事事b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  idle away (one's time etc.) 虚度(某人的时光等) [Old English drɑˉn, drœˉn, probably from West Germanic]

drongo /ˈdrɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  any black bird of the family Dicruridae, native to Asia, Africa, and Australia, having a long forked tail (原产亚洲、非洲、澳大利亚的卷尾科)卷尾(黑色具叉尾) 2 Austral. & NZ slang derog.  a simpleton [澳新] [俚语] [贬]笨人 [Malagasy]

droob /dru:b/ n. Austral. slang  a hopeless-looking ineffectual person [澳] [俚语]呆子；可怜虫 [perhaps from DROOP]

drool /dru:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  drivel; slobber 淌口水；流涎 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  show much pleasure or infatuation 垂涎；过分地表示兴奋 ●n.  slobbering; drivelling 垂涎；口水 [contraction of drivel]

droop /dru:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  hang or allow to hang down; languish, decline, or sag, esp. from weariness (使)低垂；凋萎；萎靡；(尤指因困倦疲劳而)衰弱 2 intr.  a (of the eyes) look downwards (眼睛)朝下b poet. (of the sun) sink [诗] (太阳)西沉 3 intr.  lose heart; be dejected; flag 灰心；沮丧；衰退 ●n.  1  a drooping attitude 消沉 2  a loss of spirit or enthusiasm 颓丧；消沉 [Middle English from Old Norse drúpa ‘hang the head’, from Germanic: cf. DROP]

droop-snoot adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●attrib. adj. (of an aircraft) having an adjustable nose or leading-edge flap (飞机)偏倾前缘的；前缘襟翼的 ●n.  1  such an aircraft 前缘襟翼飞机 2  the nose or leading-edge flap of such an aircraft (飞机的)偏倾前缘；前缘襟翼

droopy /ˈdru:pi/ adj. (droopier, droopiest)  1  drooping 萎靡的，倦怠的 2  dejected, gloomy 沮丧的，忧郁的 □ droopily  adv.  □ droopiness  n.  

drop /drɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small round or pear-shaped portion of liquid that hangs or falls or adheres to a surface (呈圆形或梨形贴附在物体表面的)小液珠，滴  drops of dew  露珠 tears fell in large drops  泪珠大滴大滴落下b  a very small amount of usu. drinkable liquid (通常指可饮用液体的)微量；一点点  just a drop left in the glass  杯里仅剩下一点儿c  a glass etc. of alcoholic liquor 一玻璃杯(杯等)酒  take a drop with us  和我们喝上一杯 2  a  an abrupt fall or slope 急落；急降b  the amount of this 下降距离  a drop of fifteen feet  下降 15 英尺c  an act of falling or dropping 下落；下降  had a nasty drop  危险的下降d  a reduction in prices, temperature, etc. (价格、温度等)下跌；降温e  a deterioration or worsening 恶化；败落  a drop in status  地位下降 3  something resembling a drop of liquid, esp. 滴状物，尤指 :a  a pendant or earring 垂饰，耳坠b  a crystal ornament on a chandelier etc. (枝形吊灯等上的)水晶装饰物c (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a sweet or lozenge 块糖；糖锭  pear drop  梨形糖 cough drop  止咳糖 4  something that drops or is dropped, esp. 下垂物，尤指 :a Theatr.  a painted curtain or scenery let down on to the stage 【戏】垂幕；绘景幕布b  a platform or trapdoor on a gallows, the opening of which causes the victim to fall 绞刑架台； (绞刑架的)下落板c (in comb. 用于复合词)  = sense 11 of v.  drop handlebars  低的把手  5 Med. 【医】  a  the smallest separable quantity of a liquid 点滴；米宁(药剂液量单位)b (in pl. 用复数)  liquid medicine to be measured in drops 滴剂  eye drops  滴眼剂 6  a minute quantity 微量  not a drop of pity  毫无怜悯之心 7 colloq.  a delivery [口]投递口 8 slang [俚语]  a  a hiding place for stolen or illicit goods (赃物等的)窝赃地b  a secret place where documents etc. may be left or passed on in espionage (情报等的)秘密传递点 9 slang  a bribe [俚语]贿赂 10 US  a letter box [美]信箱 ●v. (dropped, dropping)  1 intr. & tr.  fall or let fall in drops 滴； (使)滴下  tears dropped on to the book  泪珠滴在书上 dropped the soup down his shirt  汤滴在他的衬衫上 2 intr. & tr.  fall or allow to fall; relinquish; let go 落下，使掉下；放下；松手  dropped the box  放下盒子 the egg dropped from my hand  鸡蛋从我手中掉了下来 3  a intr. & tr.  sink or cause to sink or fall to the ground from exhaustion, a blow, a wound, etc. (因疲惫、受打击、受伤等) (使)倒下，累倒b intr.  die 倒毙 4  a intr. & tr.  cease or cause to cease; lapse or let lapse; abandon (使)停止； (使)消失；放弃  the connection dropped  联系中断了 dropped the friendship  友谊中止了 drop everything and come at once  放下一切事情立即来b tr. colloq.  cease to associate with [口]同…断绝关系 5 tr.  set down (a passenger etc.) 卸(客等)  drop me at the station  让我在车站下 6 tr. & intr.  utter or be uttered casually 无意中讲出；随口漏出  dropped a hint  露口风 the remark dropped into the conversation  话在交谈中无意漏了出来 7 tr.  send casually (随意地)寄(信)，写(信)  drop me a postcard  给我寄张明信片来 8  a intr. & tr.  fall or allow to fall in direction, amount, condition, degree, pitch, etc. (方向、数量、条件、程度、音高等) (使)下降； (使)降低； (使)减少； (使)变弱  his voice dropped  他的声音低下去了 the wind dropped  风势减弱了 we dropped the price by £ 20  我们把价格下调 20 英镑 the road dropped southwards  路面往南逐渐下降b intr. (of a person) jump down lightly; let oneself fall (人)轻轻地跳下；(使自己)倒下c tr.  remove (clothes, esp. trousers) rapidly, allowing them to fall to the ground 快速脱落(衣服，尤指裤子)到地面 9 tr. colloq.  lose (money, esp. in gambling) [口] (尤指赌博中)输(钱) 10 tr.  omit (a letter, esp. aitch, a syllable etc.) in speech 说话时吞掉；遗漏(字母，尤指首词 h 、音节等) 11 tr. (as 作 dropped adj.)  in a lower position than usual 低的  dropped handlebars  低的把手 dropped waist  低腰身 12 tr.  give birth to (esp. a lamb, a kitten, etc.) 产(仔，尤指羊羔、猫崽等) 13  a intr. (of a card) be played in the same trick as a higher card (牌)被硬打吊出b tr.  play or cause (a card) to be played in this way 硬打吊出(牌) 14 tr. Sport  lose (a game, a point, a contest, a match, etc.) 【运动】输掉(比赛争夺、竞赛等；) 输(分) 15 tr. Aeron.  deliver (supplies etc.) by parachute 【空】空投(供应品等) 16 tr. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  a  send (a ball) by a drop kick 踢(抛球落地反弹球)b  score (a goal) by a drop kick 踢抛球落地反弹球得(分) 17 tr. colloq.  dismiss or omit [口]开除；省略  was dropped from the team  被队里除名 □ at the drop of a hat   given the slightest excuse 一…就…；立即□ drop anchor   anchor ship 抛锚停泊□ drop asleep   fall gently asleep 不觉睡着□ drop away   decrease or depart gradually 逐渐减少；陆续离去□ drop back (or behind or to the rear)   fall back; get left behind 落后，退后□ drop back into   return to (a habit etc.) 恢复(旧习等)□ drop a brick  esp. Brit. colloq.  make an indiscreet or embarrassing remark [尤英口]说话闯祸；做事出岔子□ drop a curtsy  Brit.  make a curtsy [英]行屈膝礼，请安□ drop dead!  slang  an exclamation of intense scorn [俚语]去你的！(表示极度轻蔑)□ drop down   descend a hill etc. 下山(顺流而下等)□ drop in (or by)  colloq.  call casually as a visitor [口]顺便走访□ a drop in the ocean (or a bucket)   a very small amount, esp. compared with what is needed or expected 沧海一粟，九牛一毛，微乎其微(尤指与所需或所期待的相比)□ drop into  colloq. [口]  1  call casually at (a place) 顺便访问(某地) 2  fall into (a habit etc.) 不知不觉地成为(习惯等)□ drop it!  slang  stop that! [俚语]中止；停止□ drop off   1  decline gradually 逐渐减少(或下降) 2 colloq.  fall asleep [口]入睡 3  = sense 5 of v. 动词释义 5□ drop on  Brit.  reprimand or punish [英]指责，处罚□ drop out  colloq.  cease to participate, esp. in a race, a course of study, or in conventional society [口]停止参与(尤指比赛、学业、社团)□ drop a stitch   let a stitch fall off the end of a knitting needle (编绒线时)漏织一针□ drop to  Brit. slang  become aware of [英] [俚语]开始意识到□ fit (or ready) to drop   extremely tired 累得快要趴下(的)□ have the drop on  colloq.  have the advantage over [口]先发制人□ have had a drop too much  colloq.  be slightly drunk [口]微醉□ droplet  n.   [Old English dropa (n.), drop(p)ian (v.), ultimately from Germanic: cf. DRIP, DROOP]

drop curtain n.  = DROPn. 4a 

drop-dead attrib. adj. slang  stunningly beautiful; brilliant, excellent [俚语]惊人美丽的；极好的，杰出的

drop-forging n.  a method of forcing white-hot metal through an open-ended die by a heavy weight 落(锤)锻(造) □ drop-forge  v. tr.  

drop goal n. Rugby  a goal scored from a drop kick during play 【英式橄榄球】踢落地(反弹)球得分

drop hammer n.  a heavy weight raised mechanically and allowed to drop, as used in drop-forging and piledriving 落锤；打桩锤

drophead /ˈdrɒphed/ n. Brit.  the adjustable fabric roof of a car [英]活动帆布车顶

drop-in centre n.  a meeting place where people may call casually for advice, conversation, etc. (向人们提供咨询、社交服务的)活动中心

drop kick n. Rugby  a kick made by dropping the ball and kicking it on the bounce 【英式橄榄球】踢落地球

drop-leaf attrib. adj. (of a table etc.) having a hinged flap (桌子等)有垂板的

drop-off n.  1  an act of dropping off or delivering something or someone 交付；递送 2  a decline, a decrease 衰落；减少  a drop-off in sales  销售减少 3 N. Amer.  a sheer downward slope, a cliff [北美]陡坡；悬崖

drop-out n.  1 colloq.  a person who has dropped out [口]退出者 2 Rugby  the restarting of a game by a drop kick 【英式橄榄球】抛球踢球

dropper /ˈdrɒpə/ n.  1  a device for administering liquid, esp. medicine, in drops (尤指用于药物的)点滴器；滴管 2 Austral., NZ & S. Afr.  a light vertical stave in a fence [澳新和南非] (篱笆中的)直板条

droppings /ˈdrɒpiŋz/ n. pl.  1  the dung of animals or birds (兽或鸟的)粪 2  something that falls or has fallen in drops, e.g. wax from candles 滴(状落)下物(如烛泪)

drop scene n.  = DROPn. 4a 

drop scone n. Brit.  a small thick pancake made by dropping batter into a frying pan etc. [英] (用面糊滴于平锅等上烙成的)滴面煎饼，烙饼

drop shot n. (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a shot dropping abruptly over the net (网球、羽毛球等的)短球，短吊，吊网前球

dropsy /ˈdrɒpsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = OEDEMA  2 Brit. slang  a tip or bribe [英] [俚语]小费；贿金 □ dropsical  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English, shortened form of idrop(e)sie from Old French idropesie, ultimately via Latin hydropisis from Greek hudrōps ‘dropsy’ (as HYDRO-)]

drop test n. & v. Engin. 【工程】  ●n.  a test done by dropping under standard conditions (在标准条件下进行的)下坠测试；落锤试验 ●v. tr. (作 drop-test)  carry out a drop test on 进行下坠测试(或落锤试验)

dropwort /ˈdrɒpwɜ:t/ n.  a plant, Filipendula vulgaris, with tuberous root fibres 六瓣合叶子

drop zone n.  a zone designated for parachutists to land in 空投区

droshky /ˈdrɒʃki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a Russian low four-wheeled open carriage (俄国的)敞篷四轮马车 [Russian drozhki, diminutive of drogi ‘wagon’, from droga ‘shaft’]

drosophila /drɒˈsɒfilə/ n.  a small fruit fly of the genus Drosophila, used extensively in genetic research because of its large chromosomes, numerous varieties, and rapid rate of reproduction 果蝇(因其染色体大、品种多、繁殖力强，故将其广泛用作遗传试验) [modern Latin, from Greek drosos ‘dew, moisture’ + philos ‘loving’]

dross /drɒs/ n.  1  rubbish, refuse 废料；杂质 2  a  the scum separated from metals in melting 浮渣(金属熔化时浮升至表面的渣滓)b  foreign matter mixed with anything; impurities 混杂物；杂质 □ drossy  adj.   [Old English drōs: related to Middle Low German drōsem, Old High German truosana]

drought /draʊt/ n.  1  the continuous absence of rain; dry weather 旱灾；干旱天气 2  the prolonged lack of something 长期缺乏(某物) 3 archaic  a lack of moisture; thirst; dryness [古义]干旱；口渴；干燥 □ droughty  adj.   [Old English drūgath from dryˉge DRY]

drouth /draʊθ/ n. Sc., Ir., US & poet. var.  of DROUGHT [苏格兰和爱尔兰] [美] [诗] DROUGHT 的变体

drove1 past  of DRIVE  

drove2 /drəʊv/ n.  1  a  a large number (of people etc.) moving together; a crowd; a multitude; a shoal (走在一起的人等)群；人群；大量；大群b (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a great number [口]许多  people arrived in droves  人们成群而来 2  a herd or flock being driven or moving together (被驱赶的或向前走动的)畜群 [Old English drɑˉf from drīfan DRIVE]

drover /ˈdrəʊvə/ n.  a person who drives herds to market; a cattle-dealer 牲畜贩子；牛贩子 □ drove  v. tr.  □ droving  n.  

drove road n. esp. Sc.  an ancient cattle track [尤苏格兰] (旧时的)牲畜道

drown /draʊn/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  kill or be killed by submersion in liquid (使)溺死； (使)淹死 2 tr.  submerge; flood; drench 沉浸于；淹没；浸没  drowned the fields in six feet of water  土地淹没在 6 英尺深的水下 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  deaden (grief etc.) with drink 借酒驱除(忧愁等)  drowned his sorrows in whisky  他借饮威士忌酒浇愁 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make (a sound) inaudible by means of a louder sound (用更高的声音)压过，盖过 □ drown out   drive out by flood (洪水)使得(居民)搬家□ like a drowned rat  colloq.  extremely wet and bedraggled [口]满身湿透 [Middle English (originally northern) drun(e), droun(e), related to Old Norse drukkna ‘be drowned’, from the Germanic base of DRINK]

drowned valley n.  a valley partly or wholly submerged by a change in land levels 溺谷，沉没谷

drowse /draʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  be dull and sleepy or half asleep 打瞌睡；打盹儿；假寐 2 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  pass (the time) in drowsing 昏睡度过(时光)b  make drowsy 使昏昏欲睡 3 intr. archaic  be sluggish [古义]行动迟缓 ●n.  a condition of sleepiness 昏昏欲睡 [back-formation from DROWSY]

drowsy /ˈdraʊzi/ adj. (drowsier, drowsiest)  1  half asleep; dozing 半睡(半醒)的；昏昏欲睡的 2  soporific; lulling 催眠的；使人昏昏欲睡的 3  sluggish 行动迟缓的 □ drowsily  adv.  □ drowsiness  n.   [probably related to Old English drūsian ‘be languid or slow’, drēosan ‘fall’: cf. DREARY]

drub /drʌb/ v. tr. (drubbed, drubbing)  1  thump; belabour 重击；痛打 2  beat in a fight 打击 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of)  beat (an idea, attitude, etc.) into or out of a person (观念、态度等)硬灌；强行去除 □ drubbing  n.   [ultimately from Arabic ḍaraba ‘beat’]

drudge /drʌdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a servile worker, esp. at menial tasks; a hack 做苦工(尤指乏味工作)者 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  work slavishly (at menial, hard, or dull work) 做苦工，干乏味工作；服贱役 □ drudgery  /ˈdrʌdʒ(ə)ri/ n.   [Middle English: perhaps related to DRAG, DREE]

drug /drʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a medicinal substance 药，药物 2  a narcotic, hallucinogen, or stimulant, esp. one causing addiction 麻醉药； (尤指使人上瘾的)迷幻剂(或兴奋剂) ●v. (drugged, drugging)  1 tr.  add a drug to (food or drink) (在食物或饮料中)搀加药物 2 tr.  a  administer a drug to 使服用麻醉药b  stupefy with a drug (用药物)麻醉，使失去知觉 3 Brit. intr.  take drugs as an addict [英]吸毒成瘾 [Middle English drogges, drouges from Old French drogue, of unknown origin]

drug addict n.  a person who is addicted to a narcotic drug 吸毒成瘾者，瘾君子

drugget /ˈdrʌɡit/ n.  1  a coarse woven fabric used as a floor or table covering 粗毛地毯；粗毛毯 2  such a covering 粗毛织物 [French droguet, of unknown origin]

druggist /ˈdrʌɡist/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a pharmacist [尤北美]药商；药剂师；  [French droguiste (as DRUG)]

druggy /ˈdrʌɡi/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (also 亦作 druggie) (pl. -ies)  a drug addict 吸毒者 ●adj.  of or associated with narcotic drugs 吸毒的；与毒品有关的

drug peddler n. (also colloq. [亦口] drug pusher)  a person who sells esp. addictive drugs illegally [口]毒品贩子(尤指非法贩卖)

drug squad n. Brit.  a division of a police force investigating crimes involving illegal drugs [英]缉毒科

drugstore /ˈdrʌɡstɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  a chemist's shop also selling light refreshments and other articles [北美] (兼售点心、饮料等的)药店；杂货店

Druid /ˈdru:id/ n. (fem. Druidess /-dis/)  1  an ancient Celtic priest, magician, or soothsayer of Gaul, Britain, or Ireland 德鲁伊特(古代凯尔特人的僧侣、巫师；高卢人、英吉利人、爱尔兰人的术士或占卜者) 2  a member of a Welsh etc. Druidic order, esp. the Gorsedd (威尔士等的)德鲁伊特教教徒(尤指威尔士吟诗会会员) □ Druidic  /-ˈidik/ adj.  □ Druidical  /-ˈidik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Druidism  n.   [French druide or Latin pl. druidae, -des, Greek druidai from Gaulish druides]

drum1 /drʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a percussion instrument or toy made of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere covered at one or both ends with stretched skin or parchment and sounded by striking (一头或两头用皮或羊皮纸包盖的)鼓  bass drum  大鼓 kettledrum  铜鼓，定音鼓b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a drummer or a percussion section 鼓手；敲击乐组  the drums are playing too loud  鼓手把鼓敲得太响c  a sound made by or resembling that of a drum 鼓声，(打鼓似的)咚咚声 2  something resembling a drum in shape, esp. 鼓形物，尤指 :a  a cylindrical container or receptacle for oil, dried fruit, etc. 圆柱形容器；(放置油、干水果等的)桶b  a cylinder or barrel in machinery on which something is wound etc. (机械中的)圆卷桶，鼓轮(在上可缠、卷等某物)c Archit.  the solid part of a Corinthian or composite capital 【建】(科林斯式建筑或混合柱顶的)圆鼓形柱头d Archit.  a stone block forming a section of a shaft 【建】(石柱柱身的)圆鼓石e Austral. & NZ  swag, a bundle [澳新]行囊，行李包 3 Zool. & Anat.  the membrane of the middle ear; the eardrum 【动】【解】中耳膜；鼓膜 4 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a house 房子b  a nightclub 夜总会c  a brothel 妓院 5 (in full 全称 drum fish)  any marine fish of the family Sciaenidae, having a swim-bladder that produces a drumming sound (能发出击鼓声的石首鱼科)石首鱼 6 hist.  an evening or afternoon tea party [史义]傍晚茶会(或午茶会) 7 Austral. slang  a piece of reliable information, esp. a racing tip [澳] [俚语]可靠信息(尤指赛马内部秘密) ●v. (drummed, drumming)  1 intr. & tr.  play on a drum 敲(鼓) 2 tr. & intr.  beat, tap, or thump (knuckles, feet, etc.) continuously (on something) (持续用指节、脚等)敲击(某物)  drummed on the table  把桌子敲得咚咚响 drummed his feet  他用脚跺得咚咚响 drumming at the window  敲窗户 3 intr. (of a bird or an insect) make a loud, hollow noise with quivering wings (鸟或昆虫)嗡嗡地振翅作响 4 tr. Austral. slang  provide with reliable information [澳] [俚语]提供可靠信息 □ drum into   drive (a lesson) into (a person) by persistence 持续不断地向(某人)灌输(教训)□ drum out  Mil.  cashier (a soldier) by the beat of a drum; dismiss with ignominy 【军】(击鼓)开除(士兵)；轰走□ drum up   summon, gather, or call up 纠集，召集，集结  needs to drum up more support  需要征集更多的支持 [obsolete drombslade, drombyllsclad, from Low German trommelslag ‘drumbeat’, from trommel ‘drum’ + slag ‘beat’]

drum2 /drʌm/ n. (also 亦作 drumlin /ˈdrʌmlin/) Geol.  a long oval mound of boulder clay moulded by glacial action 【地质】(冰川活动后由泥沙砾石堆积成的)鼓丘 □ drumlinoid  n.   [Gaelic & Irish druim ‘ridge’: -lin perhaps for -LING1]

drumbeat /ˈdrʌmbi:t/ n.  a stroke or the sound of a stroke on a drum 击鼓(声)

drum brake n.  a brake in which shoes on a vehicle press against the drum on a wheel (车辆的)鼓形制动器

drumfire /ˈdrʌmfaiə/ n.  1 Mil.  heavy continuous rapid artillery fire, usu. heralding an infantry attack 【军】(通常步兵发起进攻前)连续的猛烈炮火 2  a barrage of criticism etc. 猛烈的批评(抗议等)

drum fish  see 见 DRUM1 n. 5 

drumhead /ˈdrʌmhed/ n.  1  the skin or membrane of a drum 鼓面(皮) 2  an eardrum 鼓膜 3  the circular top of a capstan 绞盘头 4 (作 attrib.)  improvised 临时的  drumhead court martial  临时军事法庭

drum kit n.  a set of drums, cymbals, etc. (鼓、铙、钹等)一套打击乐器

drumlin var.  of DRUM2  DRUM2 的变体

drum machine n.  an electronic device that imitates the sound of percussion instruments 仿打击乐声音的电子乐器

drum major n.  1  the leader of a marching band 军乐队指挥(或领队) 2 archaic  an NCO commanding the drummers of a regiment [古义]军团鼓手的指挥军士

drum majorette n. esp. US  a member of a female baton-twirling parading group [尤美]军乐队女指挥(或领队)

drummer /ˈdrʌmə/ n.  1  a person who plays a drum or drums 鼓手 2 esp. US colloq.  a commercial traveller [尤美口]旅行推销员 3 Brit. slang  a thief [英] [俚语]贼

drumstick /ˈdrʌmstik/ n.  1  a stick used for beating a drum 鼓槌 2  the lower joint of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc. (煮熟的)鸡(火鸡等)腿下段

drunk /drʌŋk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rendered incapable by alcohol 醉的  blind drunk  烂醉如泥 dead drunk  烂醉 drunk as a lord  酩酊大醉 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  overcome or elated with joy, success, power, etc. (因高兴、成功、权力等)陶醉的；兴奋的 ●n.  1  a habitually drunk person 酗酒者 2 slang  a drinking bout; a period of drunkenness [俚语]酒宴；闹饮；醉酒 [past part. of DRINK]

drunkard /ˈdrʌŋkəd/ n.  a person who is drunk, esp. habitually 醉汉(尤指酒鬼)

drunken /ˈdrʌŋk(ə)n/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  caused by or exhibiting drunkenness 酒醉引起的；酒醉的  a drunken brawl  酒后的打闹 2  fond of drinking; often drunk 好喝酒的；经常喝醉的 □ drunkenly  adv.  □ drunkenness  /ˈdrʌŋk(ə)nnis/ n.  

drunken driving n.  = DRINK-DRIVING 

drupe /dru:p/ n.  any fleshy or pulpy fruit enclosing a stone containing one or a few seeds, e.g. an olive, plum, or peach 核果(如橄榄、李子或桃) □ drupaceous  /-ˈpeiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin drupa from Greek druppa ‘olive’]

drupel /ˈdru:p(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 drupelet /ˈdru:plit/)  a small drupe usu. in an aggregate fruit, e.g. a blackberry or raspberry 小核果(通常为聚合果，如黑莓、悬钩子)

druse /dru:z/ n.  1  a crust of crystals lining a rock cavity 晶簇 2  a cavity lined with this 晶洞 [French from German, = weathered ore]

druther /ˈdrʌðə/ adv. & n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●adv.  rather, by preference 宁可；宁愿  I'd druther not go  我宁可不去 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  preference, choice; one's way 优先；选择；偏爱  if I had my druthers  假如我可以选择的话 [from a US dialect pronunciation of would rather]

Druze /dru:z/ n. (also 亦作 Druse) (often 常作 attrib.)  a member of a political or religious sect linked with Islam and living near Mount Lebanon (居于黎巴嫩山区的)德鲁兹教派穆斯林  Druze militia  德鲁兹游击队 [French from Arabic durūz (pl.), probably from the name of their founder, Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Darazī (d. 1019)]

dry /drai/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (drier /ˈdraiə/; driest /ˈdraiist/)  1  free from moisture, not wet, esp. 干的，干燥的，尤指 :a  with any moisture having evaporated, drained, or been wiped away (湿气已蒸发、耗尽或排除)无水分的，放干的  the clothes are not dry yet  衣服还没有干b (of the eyes) free from tears (眼)无泪的c (of a climate etc.) with insufficient rainfall; not rainy (气候等)无雨的；干旱的  a dry spell  干旱期d (of a river, well, etc.) dried up; not yielding water (河流、水井等)干涸的，无水的e (of a liquid) having disappeared by evaporation etc. (液体因蒸发等而)干透了的f  not connected with or for use without moisture 不用水操作的  dry shampoo  干洗的洗发剂g (of a shave) with an electric razor (用电剃刀)干刮的 2 (of wine etc.) not sweet (葡萄酒等)无甜味的  dry sherry  干雪利酒 3  a  meagre, plain, or bare 贫乏的；简朴的；缺少的  dry facts  缺乏事实b  uninteresting; dull 没有趣味的；无聊的  dry as dust  枯燥无味 4 (of a sense of humour, a joke, etc.) subtle, ironic, and quietly expressed; not obvious (幽默感、笑话等)难以捉摸的；冷面滑稽的；冷冰冰的；不露感情的 5  a (of a country, of legislation, etc.) prohibiting the sale of alcoholic drink (国家、法规等)禁止含酒精饮料销售的，禁酒的b (of a person) abstaining from alcohol or drugs (人)戒酒(戒毒)的 6 (of toast, bread, etc.) without butter, margarine, etc. (烤面包、面包等)不涂黄油(或人造黄油)的 7 Brit. (of provisions, groceries, etc.) solid, not liquid [英] (粮食、杂货等)干货的 8  impassive, unsympathetic; hard; cold 冷漠的；无情的；严厉的；冷淡的 9 (of a cow etc.) not yielding milk (奶牛等)不产奶的 10 colloq.  thirsty or thirst-making [口] (使)口渴的；干渴的  feel dry  感到口渴 this is dry work  这是件让人累得口干舌燥的工作 11 Brit. Polit. colloq.  of or being a political ‘dry’ (see sense 3 of n.) [英]【政】[口]枯燥乏味的(见名词释义 3) ●v. (dries, dried)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become dry by wiping, evaporation, draining, etc. (使)干；弄干；擦干(蒸发干、排干等) 2 tr. (usu. as 通常作 dried adj.)  preserve (food etc.) by removing the moisture 使(食品等)脱水，风干  dried egg  干蛋 dried fruit  干果 dried flowers  干花 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Theatr. colloq.  forget one's lines 【戏】[口]忘记台词 4 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, up)  cease or cause (a cow etc.) to cease yielding milk (使) (奶牛等)停奶 ●n. (pl. dries)  1  the process or an instance of drying 干燥过程(或处理) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a dry place 干处，干的地方  come into the dry  到干处来 3 Brit. colloq.  a politician, esp. a Conservative, who advocates individual responsibility, free trade, and economic stringency, and opposes high government spending [英口] (尤指主张个人责任、自由贸易及紧缩银根，反对政府高行政支出的)保守党政治家 4  a (prec. by 前接 the) esp. Austral. colloq.  the dry season [尤澳口]干燥季节，旱季b Austral.  a desert area, waterless country [澳]沙漠；无水地区 5  a  dry ginger ale 无甜味姜味汽水b  dry wine, sherry, etc. 无甜味葡萄酒，干葡萄酒(雪利酒等) □ dry out   1  become fully dry 干透 2 (of a drug addict, alcoholic, etc.) undergo treatment to cure addiction 戒毒(酒等)□ dry up   1  make utterly dry 使完全干透 2 Brit.  dry dishes [英]擦干碗碟 3 (of moisture) disappear utterly (湿气)完全消失，全干 4 (of a well etc.) cease to yield water (水井等)干涸 5 (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) colloq.  cease talking [口]中止谈话，(使)住口□ go dry   enact legislation for the prohibition of alcohol 制订(或颁布)禁酒法□ dryish  adj.  □ dryness  n.   [Old English dryˉge, drygan, related to Middle Low German dröge, Middle Dutch drōghe, from Germanic]

dryad /ˈdraiəd, -æd/ n. Mythol.  a nymph inhabiting a tree; a wood nymph 【神话】德律阿德斯，树神 [Middle English via Old French dryade and Latin from Greek druas -ados, from drus ‘tree’]

dry battery n.  an electric battery consisting of dry cells 干电池(组)

dry cell n.  a cell in which the electrolyte is absorbed in a solid and cannot be spilled 干电池

dry-clean v. tr. & intr.  clean (clothes etc.), or be cleanable, with organic solvents without using water 把(衣服等)干洗 □ dry-cleaner  n.  

dry cough n.  a cough not producing phlegm 干咳

dry cure v. tr.  cure (meat etc.) without pickling in liquid 干腌(肉等)

dry dock n.  an enclosure for the building or repairing of ships, from which water can be pumped out 干船坞

dryer /ˈdraiə/ n. (also 亦作 drier)  1  a  a machine or appliance for drying the hair, laundry, the hands, etc. 吹风机；干衣机；干燥器(烘干机等)b  = CLOTHES HORSE 1  2  a substance mixed with oil paint or ink to promote drying 干燥剂，催干剂

dry-eyed adj.  not weeping 不哭的；无泪的

dry fly n. & v. ●n.  an artificial fly which floats on the water (钓鱼时浮于水面上的)昆虫形拟铒，假蝇 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常用连字符 : dry-fly anglers  使用假蝇的垂钓者 ●v. intr. (作 dry-fly) (-flies, -flied)  fish using a dry fly 用拟饵(假蝇)钓鱼

dry goods n. pl.  1 Brit.  solid as opposed to liquid foodstuffs [英]干货 2 US  fabrics, clothing, etc. [美]纺织品(现成衣服等)

dry ice n.  solid carbon dioxide 干冰(固态二氧化碳)

dry land n.  1  land as opposed to the sea, a river, etc. 陆地(与海洋、河流相对) 2 (作 dryland /ˈdrailənd/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. N. Amer.  an area or land where rainfall is low (also 亦作 attrib.: dryland farming 旱地耕作) [尤北美] (降雨量少的)干旱地区

dryly var.  of DRILY  DRILY 的变体

dry measure n.  a measure of capacity for dry goods 干量(干货的容积量度)

dry milk n. US  dried milk [美]奶粉

dry-nurse n.  a nurse for young children, not required to breastfeed (不喂奶的)保姆

dry plate n.  a photographic plate with sensitized film hard and dry for convenience of keeping, developing at leisure, etc. (摄影用的)干板(干片等)

dry-point n.  1  a needle for engraving on a bare copper plate without acid 铜板雕刻针(不用腐蚀而用针直接雕在铜板的雕刻法) 2  an engraving produced with this 铜板雕刻

dry rot n.  1  a type of decay affecting wood in poorly ventilated conditions, caused by certain fungi 干腐病 2  these fungi 干腐菌

dry run n. colloq.  a rehearsal [口]演习；排练

dry-salt v. tr.  = DRY CURE 

dry-salter n. Brit. hist.  a dealer in dyes, gums, drugs, oils, pickles, tinned meats, etc. [英史义] (销售染料、胶浆、药材、食油、腌货、罐头肉等的)干咸货商

dry-shod adj. & adv.  without wetting the shoes 不湿鞋的

dry slope n.  an artificial ski slope used esp. for practice (尤用于练习的)人工滑雪斜坡

drystone /ˈdraistəʊn/ attrib. adj. Brit. (of a wall etc.) built without mortar [英] (墙等)不用灰泥的，干砌的

drywall /ˈdraiwɔ:l/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = PLASTERBOARD 

DS abbr. [缩略]  1  dal segno 从 ‹F023› 记号处开始重复一遍 2 Brit. [英]  disseminated sclerosis 

D.Sc. abbr.  Doctor of Science [缩略]理学博士

DSC abbr.  Distinguished Service Cross [缩略]优异服务十字勋章

DSM abbr.  Distinguished Service Medal [缩略]战时优异服务勋章

DSO abbr. (in the UK) Distinguished Service Order [缩略] (英国)优异服务勋章

DSS abbr. (in the UK) Department of Social Security [缩略] (英国)社会安全部 (formerly 旧称 DHSS)

DT abbr. (also 亦作 DT's /di:ˈti:z/)  delirium tremens [缩略]震颤性谵妄

DTI abbr. (in the UK) Department of Trade and Industry [缩略] (英国)贸易工业部

DTP abbr.  desktop publishing [缩略]桌面排版系统，台式出版系统

dual /ˈdju:əl/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of two; twofold 两的；二重的 2  divided in two; double 两分的；双的  dual ownership  两人共有 3 Gram. (in some languages) denoting two persons or things (additional to singular and plural) 【语法】(在一些语言中，除单数和复数外)双数变化的 ●n. (also 亦作 dual number) Gram.  a dual form of a noun, verb, etc. 【语法】(名词、动词等的)双数形式，双数词 ●v. tr. (dualled, dualling) Brit.  convert (a road) into a dual carriageway [英]改(道路)为复式车行道 □ duality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ dualize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ dually  adv.   [Latin dualis from duo ‘two’]

dual carriageway n. Brit.  a road with a dividing strip between the traffic in opposite directions [英] (有中央分隔带的)复式车行道

dual control adj. (of a vehicle or an aircraft) having two sets of controls, one of which is used by the instructor (车辆或飞机) (其中有一组供教练员操纵的)双重控制；复式操纵

dual in-line package  see 见 DIP 

dualism /ˈdju:əliz(ə)m/ n.  1  being twofold; duality 双重；二元 2 Philos.  the theory that in any domain of reality there are two independent underlying principles, e.g. mind and matter, form and content (cf. 参见 IDEALISM, MATERIALISM, MONISM) 【哲】二元论(如精神和物质、形式和内容) 3 Theol. 【神】  a  the theory that the forces of good and evil are equally balanced in the universe (宇宙中善与恶并列存在的)二元论b  the theory of the dual (human and divine) personality of Christ 基督教的(人性和神性)二性论 □ dualist  n.  □ dualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ dualistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

dual-purpose adj. (of a vehicle) usable for passengers or goods (车辆)客货两用的

Duane /du:ˈein/   杜安 [人名]

dub1 /dʌb/ v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing)  1  make (a person) a knight by the ritual touching of the shoulder with a sword (仪式性地用剑触肩)封(某人)为爵士 2  give (a person) a name, nickname, or title 授予(某人)绰号；给(某人)起绰号；把(某人)称为  dubbed him a crank  称他为怪人 3 Brit.  dress (an artificial fishing-fly) [英]装上(假蝇)作钓饵 4  smear (leather) with grease 擦亮(皮革) [Old English from Anglo-French duber, aduber, Old French adober ‘equip with armour, repair’, of unknown origin]

dub2 /dʌb/ v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing)  1  provide (a film etc.) with an alternative soundtrack, esp. in a different language (尤指用不同语言)为(电影等)配音；译制(影片) 2  add (sound effects or music) to a film or a broadcast 给影片(或广播)增加声响(或音乐)效果 3  combine (soundtracks) into one 合成声道 4  transfer or make a copy of (recorded sound or images) 转录(或复制) (音、像) [abbreviation of DOUBLE]

dub3 /dʌb/ n. & v. ●n. esp. US slang  an inexperienced or unskilful person [尤美] [俚语]新手；技艺拙劣的人 ●v. tr. (dubbed, dubbing) Golf  misplay (a shot) 【高尔夫球】打糟(球的一击) [perhaps from DUB1 in sense ‘beat flat’]

dub4 /dʌb/ v. intr. (dubbed, dubbing) (foll. by 后跟 in, up) slang  pay up; contribute money [俚语]付钱；捐款 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

dubbin /ˈdʌbin/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 dubbing /ˈdʌbiŋ/)  prepared grease for softening and waterproofing leather 革用软化防水油脂 ●v. tr. (dubbined, dubbining)  apply dubbin to (boots etc.) (给靴子等)涂皮革防水油脂 [see DUB1 4]

dubbing /ˈdʌbiŋ/ n.  an alternative soundtrack to a film etc. (给电影等配音的)替换声道

dubiety /dju:ˈbaiiti/ n. (pl. -ies) literary [文学用语]  1  a feeling of doubt 怀疑；疑惑；犹豫不决 2  a doubtful matter 可疑的事情 [Late Latin dubietas from dubium ‘doubt’]

dubious /ˈdju:biəs/ adj.  1  hesitating or doubting 迟疑的；疑惑的；犹豫不决的  dubious about going  去不去拿不准 2  of questionable value or truth 不确定的；引起怀疑的  a dubious claim  可疑的要求 3  unreliable; suspicious 不可靠的；可疑的  dubious company  靠不住的同伴 4  of doubtful result 未定局的；无把握的  a dubious undertaking  没有把握的任务 □ dubiously  adv.  □ dubiousness  n.   [Latin dubiosus from dubium ‘doubt’]

dubitation /dju:biˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  doubt, hesitation [文学用语]怀疑；疑惑；犹豫(不定) [Middle English from Old French dubitation or Latin dubitatio, from dubitare DOUBT]

dubitative /ˈdju:bitətiv/ adj. literary  of, expressing, or inclined to doubt or hesitation [文学用语]怀疑的；表示疑惑的；犹豫不决的 [French dubitatif -ive or Late Latin dubitativus (as DUBITATION)]

Dublin /ˈdʌblin/ n.  都柏林 [爱尔兰共和国首都]

Dublin Bay prawn /ˈdʌblin/ n.  1  NORWAY LOBSTER  2 (in pl. 用复数)  scampi 都柏林湾匙指虾(龙虾的一种) [Dublin, a city in Ireland]

Dubonnet /du:ˈbɒnei, dju:-/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a sweet French aperitif 杜博尼酒(一种法国开胃甜酒) 2  a glass of this 一杯杜博尼酒 [name of a family of French wine-merchants]

ducal /ˈdju:k(ə)l/ adj.  of, like, or bearing the title of a duke 公爵的；公爵似的；有公爵爵位的 [French, from duc DUKE]

ducat /ˈdʌkət/ n.  1 hist.  a gold coin, formerly current in most European countries [史义]达克特(旧时流通于欧洲多国的金币) 2  a  a coin 硬币b (in pl. 用复数)  money 钱 [Middle English from Italian ducato or medieval Latin ducatus DUCHY]

Duce /ˈdu:tʃei/ n.  a leader, esp. (Il Duce) the title assumed by Mussolini (d. 1945) 首领，领袖(尤指“领袖”，意大利法西斯统治时期对墨索里尼的称呼) [Italian, = leader]

Duchenne muscular dystrophy /du:ˈʃen/ n.  a severe form of muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect and usually affecting boys 杜兴肌营养不良 [named after G.B.A. Duchenne, French neurologist d. 1875]

duchess /ˈdʌtʃis, -es/ n. (as a title usu. 作头衔通常为 Duchess)  1  a duke's wife or widow 公爵夫人(或遗孀) 2  a woman holding the rank of duke in her own right 女公爵 3 Brit. slang  a girl or woman, esp. a man's wife or mother [英] [俚语]女孩；妇女(尤指妻子或母亲) [Middle English via Old French duchesse from medieval Latin ducissa (as DUKE)]

duchesse /du:ˈʃes, ˈdʌtʃis, -es/ n.  1  a soft heavy kind of satin 丝硬缎(一种柔软质厚的绸缎) 2  a dressing table with a pivoting mirror 有可转动镜子的梳妆台 [French, = DUCHESS]

duchesse lace n.  a kind of Brussels pillow lace 细网眼凸纹梭结花边(布鲁塞尔枕头花边的一种)

duchesse potatoes n. pl.  mashed potatoes mixed with egg, formed into small shapes, and baked 土豆泥鸡蛋煎(或烤)饼

duchesse set n.  a cover or a set of covers for a dressing table (一组)梳妆台布

duchy /ˈdʌtʃi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the territory of a duke or duchess; a dukedom 公爵(女公爵)领地；公国 2 (often as 常作 the Duchy)  the royal dukedom of Cornwall or Lancaster, each with certain estates, revenues, and jurisdiction of its own 英国王室直辖领地(如康沃尔领地、兰开斯特领地，每一领地均有自己的财产、税收、司法权) [Middle English via Old French duché(e) and medieval Latin ducatus from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

duck1 /dʌk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ducks)  1  a  any waterbird of the family Anatidae, with a broad flat bill and large webbed feet, esp. the domesticated form of the mallard 鸭(鸭科水禽，尤指家鸭)b  the female of this (opp. 反义 DRAKE) 母鸭，雌鸭c  the flesh of a duck as food 鸭肉 2 (in full 全称 duck's-egg) Cricket  the score of a batsman dismissed for nought 【板球】零分 3 (also 亦作 ducks) Brit. colloq. (esp. as a form of address) dear, darling [英口] (尤作为一种称呼)亲爱的；宝贝儿 □ like a duck to water   adapting very readily 十分容易地，很自然地□ like water off a duck's back  colloq. (of remonstrances etc.) producing no effect [口] (抗议等)不产生任何影响，毫无效果□ play ducks and drakes with  colloq.  squander [口]浪费，挥霍 [Old English duce, dūce: related to DUCK2]

duck2 /dʌk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  plunge, dive, or dip under water and emerge 一头扎入(水中；) 潜水；按(浸)入(水中)  ducked him in the pond  把他按入水塘中 2 intr. & tr.  bend (the head or the body) quickly to avoid a blow or being seen, or as a bow or curtsy; bob (迅速低头或弯腰)躲闪，躲避；屈膝  ducked out of sight  逃得无影无踪 ducked his head under the beam  他低下头避开那束光线 3 tr. & intr. colloq.  avoid or dodge; withdraw (from) [口]躲避；回避；逃避  ducked out of the engagement  逃避约会 ducked the meeting  避免见面 4 intr. Bridge  lose a trick deliberately by playing a low card 【桥牌】放掉(指本来能赢得某一牌墩时，故意打一张小牌把这个牌墩放掉) ●n.  1  a quick dip or swim (猛的)一扎，一浸；潜入 2  a quick lowering of the head etc. 迅速低头(弯身等) □ ducker  n.   [Middle English from Germanic]

duck3 /dʌk/ n.  1  a strong untwilled linen or cotton fabric used for small sails and the outer clothing of sailors 帆布；帆布衣服 2 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers made of this 帆布裤子  white ducks  白帆布裤 [Middle Dutch doek, of unknown origin]

duck4 /dʌk/ n. colloq.  an amphibious landing craft [口]两栖登陆艇 [DUKW, its official designation]

duckbill /ˈdʌkbil/ n.  a duck-billed platypus (see 见 PLATYPUS) 鸭嘴兽

duckboard /ˈdʌkbɔ:d/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a path of wooden slats placed over muddy ground or in a trench (在泥泞道路或战壕上铺设的)板道；步级板

duck-hawk n.  1 dial.  a marsh harrier [方]沼泽猎兔狗 2 N. Amer.  a peregrine [北美]游隼

ducking-stool n. hist.  a chair fastened to the end of a pole, which could be plunged into a pond, used formerly for ducking scolds etc. [史义]浸水椅(旧时用此将泼妇等浸入水中)

duckling /ˈdʌkliŋ/ n.  1  a young duck 小鸭，幼鸭 2  its flesh as food 嫩鸭肉

ducks and drakes n.  a game of making a flat stone skim along the surface of water 打水漂

duck's arse n. (US [美] duck's ass) slang  a haircut with the hair on the back of the head shaped like a duck's tail [俚语]鸭尾巴式发型

duck soup n. US slang  an easy task [美] [俚语]易事

duckweed /ˈdʌkwi:d/ n.  a tiny aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae, esp. of the genus Lemna, growing on the surface of still water 浮萍科水生植物(尤指浮萍属植物)

ducky /ˈdʌki/ n. & adj. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  darling, dear 亲爱的，宝贝儿 ●adj.  sweet, pretty; splendid 可爱的；美好的；极好的

duct /dʌkt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a channel or tube for conveying fluid, cable, etc. (输送液体、电缆等的)导管，管道 2  a  a tube in the body conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears, bile, etc. (分泌眼泪、胆汁等的)排泄管b Bot.  a tube formed by cells that have lost their intervening end walls, holding air, water, etc. 【植】(含空气、水等的)管；导管 ●v. tr.  convey through a duct 用管道输送 [Latin ductus ‘leading, aqueduct’ from ducere duct- ‘lead’]

ductile /ˈdʌktail/ adj.  1 (of a metal) capable of being drawn into wire; pliable, not brittle (金属)易延展的；易弯的；韧性的 2 (of a substance) easily moulded (物质)可塑的；易变形的 3 (of a person) docile, gullible (人)温顺的；易受骗的 □ ductility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French ductile or Latin ductilis, from ducere duct- ‘lead’]

ducting /ˈdʌktiŋ/ n.  1  a system of ducts 管道系统 2  material in the form of a duct or ducts 管料

ductless /ˈdʌktlis/ adj.  lacking or not using a duct or ducts 无管的；不用管道的

ductless gland n.  a gland secreting directly into the bloodstream; an endocrine gland 无管腺；内分泌腺

Dud /dʌd/   达德 [人名]

dud /dʌd/ n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a futile or ineffectual person or thing 无用的人；不称职的人；不中用的东西  a dud at the job  一个工作不称职的人 2  a counterfeit article 赝品 3  a shell etc. that fails to explode 哑弹(未爆炸的炮弹等) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  clothes 衣服，服装 ●adj.  1  useless, worthless, unsatisfactory or futile 无用的；无价值的，不能令人满意的，无益的 2  counterfeit 伪造的，假的 [Middle English: origin unknown]

dude /du:d, dju:d/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a fastidious aesthetic person, usu. male; a dandy 过分讲究仪表衣着的人(尤指男人)；花花公子 2  a holidaymaker on a ranch in the western US (在美国西部农牧场上的)度假者 3  a fellow; a guy 伙伴；家伙 □ dudish  adj.   [19th c.: probably from German dialect dude ‘fool’]

dude ranch n. (in the western US) a cattle ranch converted to a holiday centre for tourists etc. 度假牧场(或农场) (美国西部改建成旅游观光者度假的牧场或农场)

dudgeon /ˈdʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  a feeling of offence; resentment 生气；不满 □ in high dudgeon   very angry or angrily 非常愤怒地，极愤怒 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Dudley /ˈdʌdli/   达德利 [人名]

due /dju:/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1 (作 predic.)  owing or payable as a debt or an obligation 欠款的；应支付的  our thanks are due to him  我们应向他致谢 £ 500 was due on the 15th  应在 15 日支付 500 英镑 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  merited; appropriate; fitting 应有的；合适的；适当的  his due reward  他该得的报酬 received the applause due to a hero  受到给予英雄的热烈欢呼 3 (作 attrib.)  rightful; proper; adequate 正当的；适当的；充分的  after due consideration  经过充分的考虑之后 4 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 to)  to be ascribed to (a cause, an agent, etc.) 应归功于(某事业；) 应归咎于(某代理人等)  the discovery was due to Newton  此项发现应归功于牛顿 5 (作 predic.)  intended to arrive at a certain time (预定)应到的  a train is due at 7:30  火车定于 7 点半到达 6 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  under an obligation or agreement to do something 约定的；预定的  due to speak tonight  预定今晚演讲 ●n.  1  a person's right; what is owed to a person (某人)应有的权益；应得的事物  a fair hearing is my due  我有权得到公正的听证 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  what one owes 借款；应付款  pays his dues  偿还借款b Brit.  an obligatory payment; a fee; a legal charge [英]应交款；费；会费  harbour dues  港务费 university dues  大学学费 ●adv. (of a point of the compass) exactly, directly (指南针的尖)正对着  went due east  正朝东 a due north wind  正北风 □ due to  disp.  because of, owing to (cf. sense 4 of adj. 参见形容词释义 4) [异议]因为；由于  he was late due to an accident  他由于事故来晚了□ fall (or become) due  (of a bill etc.) be immediately payable (账单等)到期□ in due course   1  at about the appropriate time 在适当的时候 2  in the natural order 按自然次序 [Middle English from Old French deü, ultimately from Latin debitus, past part. of debēre ‘owe’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of due to to mean ‘because of’ as in the example He was late due to an accident is regarded as unacceptable by some people. It can be avoided by substituting His lateness was due to an accident, It was due to an accident that he was late, or He was late owing to/ because of an accident. 有些人认为例中 He was late due to an accident (他由于事故来晚了)的 due to 用来表示 because of (因为)是不能接受的。为避免此情况，可用 His lateness was due to an accident, It was due to an accident that he was late, 或用 He was late owing to/ because of an accident 替代。 

due date n.  the date on which payment of a bill etc., falls due (账单等)到期(或应偿还)日期

duel /ˈdju:əl/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist.  a contest with deadly weapons between two people, in the presence of two seconds, to settle a point of honour [史义]决斗 2  any contest between two people, parties, causes, animals, etc. (两人、两党、两种事业、两动物间的)斗争  a duel of wits  智斗 ●v. intr. (duelled, duelling; US [美] dueled, dueling)  fight a duel or duels 决斗 □ dueller  n. (US [美] dueler)  □ duellist  n. (US [美] duelist)   [Italian duello or Latin duellum (archaic form of bellum ‘war’), in medieval Latin = single combat]

duende /du:ˈendei/ n.  1  an evil spirit 鬼；妖怪 2  inspiration 魅力；激励力 [Spanish]

duenna /dju:ˈenə/ n.  an older woman acting as a governess and companion in charge of girls, esp. in a Spanish family; a chaperone (尤指西班牙家庭中)家庭女教师；照看陪伴少女的年长妇女 [Spanish dueña from Latin domina ‘mistress’]

duet /dju:ˈet/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a performance by two voices, instrumentalists, etc. 二重唱(或奏等)b  a composition for two performers 二重唱(或奏)曲 2  a dialogue 对话 ●v. intr. (duetted, duetting)  perform a duet 唱二重唱；奏二重奏 □ duettist  n.   [German Duett or Italian duetto, diminutive of duo ‘duet’, from Latin duo ‘two’]

duff1 /dʌf/ n.  a boiled pudding 煮布丁 [northern English form of DOUGH]

duff2 /dʌf/ adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  worthless, counterfeit 无价值的；伪造的 2  useless, broken 无用的；出毛病的 [perhaps = DUFF1]

duff3 /dʌf/ v. tr. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. Golf  mishit (a shot, a ball); bungle [英]【高尔夫球】(球棒着地而)未击中(一击、球)；弄糟 2 Austral.  steal and alter brands on (cattle) [澳]改变(偷来的牛)烙印 □ duff up  Brit. slang  beat; thrash [英] [俚语]打；鞭打 [perhaps back-formation from DUFFER]

duffel /ˈdʌf(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 duffle)  1  a coarse woollen cloth with a thick nap 粗厚起绒呢料 2 US  a sportsman's or camper's equipment [美]运动员(或露营者)装备 [Duffel, a town in Belgium]

duffel bag n.  a cylindrical canvas bag closed by a drawstring and carried over the shoulder (袋口有拉带的圆桶状)行李袋

duffel coat n.  a hooded overcoat made of duffel and usu. fastened with toggles (通常用棒形纽襻的)连帽粗呢外套

duffer /ˈdʌfə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  an inefficient, useless, or stupid person (效率低而无用的或愚蠢的)笨蛋 2 Austral.  a person who duffs cattle [澳]偷牛贼 3 Austral.  an unproductive mine [澳]报废矿井 [perhaps from Scots dowfart ‘stupid person’ from douf ‘spiritless’]

dug1 past and past part.  of DIG 

dug2 /dʌɡ/ n.  1  the udder, breast, teat, or nipple of a female animal 雌性动物的乳房(或奶头) 2 derog.  the breast of a woman [贬]女性乳房 [16th c.: origin unknown]

dugong /ˈdu:ɡɒŋ, ˈdju:-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or dugongs)  a marine mammal (sirenian), Dugong dugon, of Asian seas and coasts 儒艮(产于亚洲海域的海牛目哺乳类动物) [ultimately from Malay dūyong]

dugout /ˈdʌɡaʊt/ n.  1  a  a roofed shelter esp. for troops in trenches (尤指部队用的)防空壕b  an underground air-raid or nuclear shelter (防空袭或防核弹的)地下掩蔽部(或场所)c N. Amer. Sport [北美]【运动】  = BENCHn. 4  2  a canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk 独木舟 3 Brit. slang  a retired officer etc. recalled to service [英] [俚语]被召回服役的退役军官

duiker /ˈdaikə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 duyker)  any African antelope of the genus Cephalophus, usu. having a crest of long hair between its horns (非洲小羚羊属)小羚羊(通常角间有长毛) 2 S. Afr.  the long-tailed cormorant, Phalacrocorax africanus [南非]长尾鸬鹚 [Dutch duiker ‘diver’: in sense 1, from its habit of plunging through bushes when pursued]

duke /dju:k/ n.  1 (as a title usu. 作头衔通常为 Duke)  a  a person holding the highest hereditary title of the nobility 公爵b  a sovereign prince ruling a duchy or small state (统治公爵领地或小公国的)君主 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) slang  the hand; the fist [俚语] (双)手； (双)拳  put up your dukes!  举起手来！ 3 (in full 全称 duke cherry)  a hybrid between the sweet cherry, Prunus avium, and the sour cherry, P. cerasus 公爵樱桃(欧洲甜樱桃与欧洲酸樱桃的嫁接品种) [Middle English via Old French duc from Latin dux ducis ‘leader’]

dukedom /ˈdju:kdəm/ n.  1  a territory ruled by a duke 公爵领地 2  the rank of duke 公爵爵位

dulcet /ˈdʌlsit/ adj. (esp. of sound) sweet and soothing (尤指声音)美妙的；悦耳的 [Middle English, earlier doucet from the Old French diminutive of doux, from Latin dulcis ‘sweet’]

dulcify /ˈdʌlsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary [文学用语]  1  make gentle 使文雅 2  sweeten 使甜美 □ dulcification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin dulcificare from dulcis ‘sweet’]

dulcimer /ˈdʌlsimə/ n.  a musical instrument with strings of graduated length stretched over a sounding board or box, played by being struck with hammers (大)扬琴，扬琴 [Old French doulcemer, said to represent Latin dulce ‘sweet’, melos ‘song’]

dulcitone /ˈdʌlsitəʊn/ n.  a keyboard musical instrument with steel tuning forks which are struck by hammers 音叉琴 [Latin dulcis ‘sweet’ + TONE]

dulia /djʊˈlaiə/ n. RC Ch.  the reverence accorded to saints and angels 【天主教】(对圣徒和天使的)尊崇 [medieval Latin from Greek douleia ‘servitude’, from doulos ‘slave’]

dull /dʌl/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  slow to understand; stupid 迟钝的；愚蠢的 2  tedious; boring 冗长乏味的；沉闷的 3 (of the weather) overcast; gloomy (天气)多云的；阴沉的，昏暗的 4  a (esp. of a knife-edge etc.) blunt (尤指刀刃等)钝的b (of colour, light, sound, or taste) not bright, shining, vivid, or keen (颜色、光、声音或味道)不鲜明的；不闪光的；不生动的；不敏锐的 5 (of a pain etc.) usu. prolonged and indistinct; not acute (通常疼痛等)迁延性的，不明显的，隐约的；不厉害的  a dull ache  隐痛 6  a  sluggish, slow-moving 呆滞的；行动迟缓的  dull trading  生意清淡b (of a person) listless; lacking vitality (人)无精打采的；缺乏生命力的  dull and apathetic  呆滞且无动于衷 7 (of the ears, eyes, etc.) without keen perception (耳、眼等)感觉不灵敏的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become dull (使)变得迟钝(沉闷、不锋利、不鲜明等) □ dull the edge of   make less sensitive, interesting, effective, amusing, etc.; blunt (敏感、兴趣、效力、乐趣等)变钝；减弱；弄钝刃口□ dullish  adj.  □ dullness  n. (also 亦作 dulness)  □ dully  /ˈdʌlli/ adv.   [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch dul, corresponding to Old English dol ‘stupid’]

dullard /ˈdʌləd/ n.  a stupid person 蠢人；笨蛋

dulse /dʌls/ n.  an edible seaweed, Rhodymenia palmata, with red wedge-shaped fronds (可食用的)掌状红皮藻 [Irish & Gaelic duileasg]

duly /ˈdju:li/ adv.  1  in due time or manner 适时地；恰当地 2  rightly, properly, fitly 正当地；适当地；恰好地

Duma /ˈdu:mə/ n.  1  a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former USSR (俄罗斯以及前苏联加盟共和国的)国家杜马 2 hist.  a  any of four elected legislative bodies existing in Russia between 1906 and 1917 [史义]俄国 1906 至 1917 年间经选举产生的 4 个全国立法机构中的任何一个b  any similar pre-19th c. advisory municipal council in Russia (19 世纪前俄国城市的)市议会 [Russian]

dumb /dʌm/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of a person) unable to speak, usu. because of a congenital defect or deafness (人)哑的； (通常先天性)无说话能力的b (of an animal) naturally unable to speak (动物)天生无说话能力的  our dumb friends  我们无言的朋友 2  silenced by surprise, shyness, etc. (因惊吓、害羞等)说不出话的，失语的  struck dumb by this revelation  因事情泄露而张口结舌 3  taciturn or reticent, esp. insultingly (尤指无礼地)沉默(寡言)的  dumb insolence  无言的傲慢 4 (of an action etc.) performed without speech (行动等)无言的，不用言语表达的 5 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  giving no sound; without voice or some other property normally belonging to things of the name 不出声的；不发声的  a dumb piano  哑琴 6 esp. US colloq.  stupid; ignorant [尤美口]愚蠢的；无知的 7 (usu. of a class, population, etc.) having no voice in government; inarticulate (通常指阶级、人口等)无发言权的；口齿不清的  the dumb masses  无发言权的民众 8 (of a computer terminal etc.) able only to transmit data to or receive data from a computer; not programmable (opp. 反义 INTELLIGENT) (计算机终端等)哑的；无智能的 ●v. tr.  make dumb or unheard; silence 使沉默；变哑 □ dumb down  N. Amer. slang  reduce or adapt to a lower level of understanding [北美] [俚语]降低…的难度；简化□ dumbly  /ˈdʌmli/ adv.  □ dumbness  /ˈdʌmnis/ n.   [Old English: origin unknown: sense 6 from German dumm]

dumb animals n. pl.  animals, esp. as objects of pity 哑巴牲口(尤指作为怜悯的对象)

dumb-bell n.  1  a short bar with a weight at each end, used for exercise, muscle-building, etc. (用作锻炼、健美等的)哑铃 2 slang  a stupid person, esp. Brit. a woman [俚语]蠢货；[尤英]笨女人 [from an 18th-c. apparatus like that for ringing a church bell, but without the bell, used for exercise]

dumb blonde n.  a pretty but stupid blonde woman 一个漂亮而无头脑的白肤金发女子

dumb cluck n. slang  a stupid person [俚语]笨蛋，蠢人

dumbfound /dʌmˈfaʊnd/ v. tr. (also 亦作 dumfound)  strike dumb; confound; nonplus 使惊呆；使发愣；吓哑 [DUMB, CONFOUND]

dumbhead /ˈdʌmhed/ n. esp. US slang  a stupid person [尤美] [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜

dumb-iron n.  the curved side piece of a motor vehicle chassis, joining it to the front springs (汽车大梁上的)副钢板弹簧支架

dumbo /ˈdʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang  a stupid person; a fool [俚语]笨蛋；傻瓜 [DUMB + -O]

dumb piano n.  a silent or dummy piano keyboard for exercising the fingers (练习指法用的)哑琴

dumbshow /ˈdʌmʃəʊ/ n.  1  significant gestures or mime, used when words are inappropriate 手势；示意动作 2  a part of a play in early drama, acted in mime 哑剧

dumbstruck /ˈdʌmstrʌk/ adj.  greatly shocked or surprised and so lost for words 被吓得目瞪口呆的；吓得发蒙的

dumb waiter n.  1  a small lift for carrying food, plates, etc., between floors (楼层间运送食物和盘子、盆子等的)升降机 2 Brit.  a movable table, esp. with revolving shelves, used in a dining room [英] (餐厅内有旋转架子可移动的)上菜架；圆转台

dumdum /ˈdʌmdʌm/ n. (in full 全称 dumdum bullet)  a kind of soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact and inflicts laceration 达姆弹，柔头弹 [Dum-Dum, a town and arsenal in India, where it was first produced]

dumfound var.  of DUMBFOUND  DUMBFOUND 的变体

dummy /ˈdʌmi/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a model of a human being, esp. 人体模型，尤指 :a  a ventriloquist's doll (口技者用的)玩具娃娃b  a figure used to model clothes in a shop window etc. (商店橱窗等陈列服装用的)人体模型c  a target used for firearms practice (练习射击用的)人形靶 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a counterfeit object used to replace or resemble a real or normal one 仿制样品b  a prototype, esp. in publishing (尤指出版中的)装帧样本 3 Rugby & Football  a pretended pass 【英式橄榄球】【足球】假传球 4 colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨人，蠢货 5  a person taking no significant part; a figurehead 挂名者；傀儡 6 Brit.  a rubber or plastic teat for a baby to suck on [英] (哄婴儿的)橡皮(或塑料)奶头 7  an imaginary fourth player at whist, whose hand is turned up and played by a partner (惠斯特牌戏中的)明手牌 8 Bridge 【桥牌】  a  the partner of the declarer, whose cards are exposed after the first lead 明手(定约人的搭档，即把所持的牌摊在桌上的持牌者)b  this player's hand 明手牌(明手摊在桌上的一手牌) 9 Mil.  a blank round of ammunition 【军】空包弹 ●adj.  sham; counterfeit 假的，伪造的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu.absol. [通常含宾]) Rugby & Football  pretend to pass (the ball) 【英式橄榄球】【足球】做假传(球)动作 □ dummy up  US slang  keep quiet; give no information [美] [俚语]保持缄默；不吭声□ sell the (or a) dummy  Rugby colloq.  deceive (an opponent) by pretending to pass the ball 【英式橄榄球】[口]以假传球动作迷惑(对手) [DUMB + -Y2]

dummy run n.  1  a practice attack, etc.; a trial run 进攻演习(试演习等；) 试运行 2  a rehearsal 排演；预演

dump /dʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place for depositing rubbish 垃圾场b  a heap of rubbish 废物堆 2 colloq.  an unpleasant or dreary place [口]脏地方；使人讨厌的场所 3 Mil.  a temporary store of ammunition, provisions, etc. 【军】(弹药、装备等的)临时堆集(处)，临时弹药库 4  an accumulated pile of ore, earth, etc. 矿石(泥土等)堆 5 Computing 【计算】  a  a printout of stored data (存储数据的)转出b  the process or result of dumping data (数据)转储 ●v. tr.  1  put down firmly or clumsily 倾卸；倾倒；砰地落下  dumped the shopping on the table  把买回的物品倒在桌上 2  deposit or dispose of (rubbish etc.) 存放(或处理) (垃圾等) 3 colloq.  abandon, desert [口]抛弃；丢弃 4 Mil.  leave (ammunition etc.) in a dump 【军】堆放(弹药等) 5 Econ.  send (goods unsaleable at a high price in the home market) to a foreign market for sale at a low price, to keep up the price at home, and to capture a new market 【经】(卖不出的商品以低于国内价格向国外市场)倾销 6 Computing 【计算】  a  copy (stored data) to a different location 转储，转存(内存的数据)b  reproduce the contents of (a store) externally 转出(存储) □ dump on  esp. US  criticize or abuse; get the better of [尤美]批评；辱骂；占…的便宜 [Middle English perhaps from Norse; cf. Danish dumpe, Norwegian dumpa ‘fall suddenly’]

dumper /ˈdʌmpə/ n.  1  a  a person or thing that dumps 倾卸工；倾卸物b (in full 全称 dumper truck)  a truck with a body that tilts or opens at the back for unloading 自动倾卸车；翻斗车 2 Austral. & NZ  a large wave that breaks and hurls the swimmer or surfer on to the beach [澳新] (冲浪运动中的)大浪

dumpling /ˈdʌmpliŋ/ n.  1  a  a small savoury ball of usu. suet, flour, and water, boiled in stew or water (通常含板油、面粉、水的)汤团，(肉馅)饺子b  a pudding consisting of apple or other fruit enclosed in dough and baked 水果布丁 2  a small fat person 小胖子 [apparently diminutive of dump ‘small round object’, but recorded much earlier]

dumps /dʌm(p)s/ n. pl. colloq.  depression; melancholy [口]沮丧；抑郁  down in the dumps  情绪低落 [probably from Low German or Dutch, figurative use of Middle Dutch domp ‘exhalation, haze, mist’: related to DAMP]

dump truck n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DUMPER 1b 

dumpy /ˈdʌmpi/ adj. (dumpier, dumpiest)  short and stout 短而粗壮的，矮胖的 □ dumpily  adv.  □ dumpiness  n.   [dump (cf. DUMPLING) + -Y1]

dun1 /dʌn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of a dull greyish-brown colour 暗褐色的 2 poet.  dark, dusky [诗]阴暗的，黑暗的 ●n.  1  a dun colour 暗褐色 2  a dun horse 灰兔褐色马 3  a dark fishing-fly 暗褐色的钓鱼假饵 [Old English dun, dunn]

dun2 /dʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a debt collector; an importunate creditor 讨债人 2  a demand for payment 催付 ●v. tr. (dunned, dunning)  importune for payment of a debt; pester 逼债；纠缠，烦扰 [abbreviation of obsolete dunkirk privateer, from Dunkirk, a sea port in France]

dun-bird n.  a pochard 潜鸭

Duncan /ˈdʌŋkən/   邓肯 [人名]

dunce /dʌns/ n.  a person slow at learning; a dullard 迟钝之人；蠢人，笨蛋 [John Duns Scotus, scholastic theologian d. 1308, whose followers were ridiculed by 16th-c. humanists and reformers as enemies of learning]

dunce's cap n.  a paper cone formerly put on the head of a dunce at school as a mark of disgrace 笨蛋高帽(旧时学校作为惩罚，给学习成绩差者戴的一种圆锥形纸帽)

Dundee cake /dʌnˈdi:/ n. esp. Brit.  a rich fruit cake usu. decorated with almonds [尤英] (通常饰有杏仁的)水果蛋糕 [Dundee, a city in Scotland]

dunderhead /ˈdʌndəhed/ n.  a stupid person 蠢人，傻瓜 □ dunderheaded  adj.   [17th c.: perhaps related to dialect dunner ‘resounding noise’]

dun-diver n.  a female or young male goosander 雌秋沙鸭；幼雄秋沙鸭

dune /dju:n/ n.  a mound or ridge of loose sand etc. formed by the wind, esp. beside the sea or in a desert (尤指海边、沙漠由沙粒等积成的)沙丘；土丘 [French from Middle Dutch dūne: cf. DOWN3]

dune buggy n.  = BEACH BUGGY 

dung /dʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  the excrement of animals; manure 动物排泄物；粪肥 ●v. tr.  apply dung to; manure (land) 上肥；(给土地)施粪肥 [Old English, related to Old High German tunga, Icelandic dyngja, of unknown origin]

dungaree /dʌŋɡəˈri:/ n.  1  a coarse Indian calico 印度粗棉布 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  overalls etc. made of dungaree or similar material, worn as workwear 劳动布工作服(裤子等)b Brit.  trousers with a bib worn by children or as a fashion garment [英] (儿童穿的带围涎的或被当作时髦的)劳动布裤子 [Hindi dungrī]

dung-beetle n.  a beetle whose larvae develop in dung, esp. one of the family Scarabaeidae (尤指金龟子科)蜣螂，屎壳螂

dungeon /ˈdʌn(d)ʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong underground cell for prisoners 土牢，地牢 2 archaic  a donjon [古义]城堡主塔 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) archaic  imprison in a dungeon [古义]把…囚于地牢 [originally = donjon: Middle English from Old French donjon, ultimately from Latin dominus ‘lord’]

dung-fly n.  a fly which lays its eggs in dung, esp. one of the family Scatophagidae (尤指粪蝇科)粪蝇

dunghill /ˈdʌŋhil/ n.  a heap of dung or refuse, esp. in a farmyard (尤指农家场院的)粪堆，垃圾堆

dung-worm n.  any of various earthworms found in cow-dung and used as bait (用作鱼饵的)粪生蚯蚓；粪生蛆

dunk /dʌŋk/ v. tr.  1  dip (bread, a biscuit, etc.) into soup, coffee, etc. while eating (吃前)把(面包、饼干等)在汤、(咖啡等饮料)中浸 2  immerse, dip 浸；泡  was dunked in the river  在河里泡一泡 [Pennsylvanian German dunke ‘to dip’, from German tunken]

dunlin /ˈdʌnlin/ n.  a long-billed sandpiper, Calidris alpina 里腹滨鹬 [probably from DUN1 + -LING1]

dunnage /ˈdʌnidʒ/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  mats, brushwood, etc., stowed under or among cargo to prevent wetting or chafing (货物装箱用的)衬垫，垫料(柴草等) 2 Brit. colloq.  miscellaneous baggage [英口]杂件行李 [Anglo-Latin dennagium, of unknown origin]

dunno /ˈdʌnəʊ, dəˈnəʊ/ colloq. (I) do not know [口] (我)不知道 [corruption]

dunnock /ˈdʌnək/ n.  a small European songbird, Prunella modularis Also called 亦称作 hedge sparrow 林岩鹨 [apparently from DUN1 + -OCK, from its brown and grey plumage]

dunny /ˈdʌni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Sc.  an underground passage or cellar, esp. in a tenement [苏格兰] (尤指住房下的)地下通道，地窖 2 esp. Austral. & NZ slang  an earth closet; an outdoor privy [尤澳新] [俚语]野外厕所 [19th c. in the sense ‘faeces’: origin uncertain, perhaps related to DUNG]

duo /ˈdju:əʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a pair of actors, entertainers, singers, etc. (演员、表演者、歌手等)一对艺人  a comedy duo  一对喜剧搭档 2 Mus.  a duet 【音】二重唱 [Italian from Latin, = two]

duodecimal /dju:ə(ʊ)ˈdesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has twelve as a base (有关)十二进制的 ●n.  1  the duodecimal system 十二进制 2  duodecimal notation 十二进制中的记号 □ duodecimally  adv.   [Latin duodecimus ‘twelfth’ from duodecim ‘twelve’]

duodecimo /dju:əʊˈdesiməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Printing 【印】  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-twelfth of the size of the printing-sheet (书的)12 开本 2  a book of this size 12 开本的书 [Latin (in) duodecimo ‘in a twelfth’ (as DUODECIMAL)]

duodenary /dju:əˈdi:nəri/ adj.  proceeding by twelves or in sets of twelve 十二的；十二分之几的；十二进制的 [Latin duodenarius from duodeni, distributive of duodecim ‘twelve’]

duodenum /dju:əˈdi:nəm/ n.  the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach 十二指肠 □ duodenal  adj.  □ duodenitis  /-ˈnaitis/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin, from duodeni (see DUODENARY), from its length of about 12 fingers' breadth]

duologue /ˈdjʊəlɒɡ/ n.  1  a conversation between two people (两人间)对话 2  a play or part of a play for two actors (两人的)对话剧；对唱剧 [formed irregularly from Latin or Greek duo ‘two’, on the pattern of monologue]

duomo /ˈdwəʊməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an Italian cathedral 意大利大教堂 [Italian, = DOME]

duopoly /djʊˈɒpəli/ n. (pl. -ies) Econ.  the possession of trade in a commodity etc. by only two sellers 【经】(对某一商品等的)双头卖主垄断 [Greek duo ‘two’ + pōleō ‘sell’, on the pattern of monopoly]

duotone /ˈdju:ətəʊn/ n. & adj. Printing 【印刷】  ●n.  1  a half-tone illustration in two colours from the same original with different screen angles 双色网目铜版插图 2  the process of making a duotone 双色调套印法 ●adj.  in two colours 用双色的 [Latin duo ‘two’ + TONE]

dupe /dju:p/ n. & v. ●n.  a victim of deception 易受骗的人 ●v. tr.  make a fool of; cheat; gull 欺骗；欺诈；愚弄 □ dupable  adj.  □ duper  n.  □ dupery  n.   [French from dialect French dupe ‘hoopoe’, from the bird's supposedly stupid appearance]

dupion /ˈdju:piən/ n.  1  a rough silk fabric woven from the threads of double cocoons 双宫丝织物 2  an imitation of this with other fibres 仿双宫丝；仿双宫绸 [French doupion from Italian doppione, from doppio ‘double’]

duple /ˈdju:p(ə)l/ adj.  of two parts 双的；二倍的；双重的 [Latin duplus from duo ‘two’]

duple ratio n.  a ratio of 2 to 1 双倍比

duplet /ˈdju:plit/ n.  a set of two things, esp. of two equal musical notes played in the time of three (尤指相同的乐音)二连音 [Latin duplus DUPLE, on the pattern of DOUBLET]

duple time n.  rhythm consisting of two beats to the bar 双拍子

duplex /ˈdju:pleks/ n. & adj. ●n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a flat or maisonette on two levels 二联式公寓，占两层楼的公寓套房 2  a house subdivided for two families 联式房屋；两家合住的房屋 ●adj.  1  having two elements; twofold 双的；双倍的；双重的 2 esp. US [尤美]  a (of a flat) two-storeyed (公寓)双层的b (of a house) for two families (房屋)两家合住的 3 (of a communications system, computer circuit, etc.) allowing the transmission of signals in both directions simultaneously (opp. 反义 SIMPLEX) (通讯系统、计算机线路等)双工(向)的 [Latin duplex duplicis, from duo ‘two’ + plic- ‘fold’]

duplicate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈdju:plikət/  1  exactly like something already existing; copied (esp. in large numbers) 完全一致的；(尤指用大倍数)复制的 2  a  having two corresponding parts 二重的b  existing in two examples; paired 双联式的；成对的c  twice as large or many; doubled 二倍的，双倍的 ●n. /ˈdju:plikət/  1  a  one of two identical things, esp. a copy of an original 完全一样的东西(尤指原件的复印件)b  one of two or more specimens of a thing exactly or almost identical 副本，抄件；复制品 2 Law  a second copy of a letter or document 【法律】(信或文件的)副本 3 (in full 全称 duplicate bridge or whist)  a form of bridge or whist in which the same hands are played successively by different players 复局(不同选手打同样一手牌的纸牌比赛) 4 archaic  a pawnbroker's ticket [古义]当票 ●v. tr. /ˈdju:plikeit/  1  multiply by two; double 使加倍；使成双 2  a  make or be an exact copy of 复制；复写；使成双联式b  make or supply copies of 复印，提供拷贝  duplicated the leaflet for distribution  复印传单散发 3  repeat (an action etc.), esp. unnecessarily (尤指不必要地)重复(某个动作等) □ in duplicate   consisting of two exact copies 一式两份地(的)□ duplicable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ duplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin duplicatus, past part. of duplicare (as DUPLEX)]

duplicate ratio n.  the proportion of the squares of two numbers 二乘比

duplicator /ˈdju:plikeitə/ n.  1  a machine for making copies of a document, leaflet, etc. (复制文件、传单等的)复印机 2  a person or thing that duplicates 复制者；复制物

duplicity /dju:ˈplisiti, djʊ-/ n.  1  double-dealing; deceitfulness 两面派；欺诈 2 archaic  doubleness [古义]重复；双重性 □ duplicitous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French duplicité or Late Latin duplicitas (as DUPLEX)]

duppy /ˈdʌpi/ n. (pl. -ies) W.Ind.  a malevolent spirit or ghost [西印]妖精；恶鬼 [perhaps of African origin]

dura var.  of DURRA  DURRA 的变体

durable /ˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  capable of lasting; hard-wearing 持久的；耐用的；耐穿的 2 (of goods) not for immediate consumption; able to be kept (货物)耐用的；可存放的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  durable goods 耐用物品 □ durability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ durableness  n.  □ durably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin durabilis, via durare ‘endure’ from durus ‘hard’]

Duralumin /djʊˈræljʊmin/ n. propr.  a light hard alloy of aluminium with copper etc. [商标]杜拉铝；硬铝(含铜等合金) [perhaps from Düren, a town in the Rhineland or from Latin durus ‘hard’ + ALUMINIUM]

dura mater /djʊərə ˈmeitə/ n. Anat.  the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord (see 见 MENINX) 【解】硬脑(脊)膜 [medieval Latin = hard mother, translation of Arabic al-'umm al-jɑˉfiya (‘mother’ in Arabic indicating the relationship of things)]

duramen /djʊˈreimen/ n.  = HEARTWOOD  [Latin from durare ‘harden’]

durance /ˈdjʊər(ə)ns/ n. archaic  imprisonment [古义]禁锢；监禁  in durance vile  在监禁中 [Middle English via French, from durer ‘last’, from Latin durare: see DURABLE]

duration /djʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the length of time for which something continues 持续；持久 2  a specified length of time 持续时间  after the duration of a minute  持续一分钟后 □ for the duration   1  for a very long time 长期地 2  until the end of the war 直至战争结束□ durational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin duratio -onis (as DURANCE)]

durative /ˈdjʊərətiv/ adj. Gram.  denoting continuing action 【语法】持续的

Durban /ˈdɜ:bən/ n.  德班 [南非(阿扎尼亚)港市]

durbar /ˈdɜ:bɑ:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  the court of an Indian ruler (印度藩王等的)宫廷 2  a public levee of an Indian prince or an Anglo-Indian governor or viceroy (印度藩王或祖籍英国的印度州长或总督的)正式接见处(或厅) [Urdu from Persian darbɑˉr ‘court’]

durchkomponiert /ˈdʊəxˌkɒmpɒniət, 德 ˈdʊrçkɔmponi:rt/ adj. Mus. 【音】 (of a song) having different music for each verse (歌曲)通节的；通谱的(每一诗节音乐均不相同) [German, from durch ‘through’ + komponiert ‘composed’]

duress /djʊ(ə)ˈres, ˈdjʊəres/ n.  1  compulsion, esp. imprisonment, threats, or violence, illegally used to force a person to act against his or her will (尤指用监禁、威胁、暴力等非法)强迫；胁迫  under duress  在胁迫之下 2  forcible restraint or imprisonment 束缚；监禁 [Middle English via Old French duresse from Latin duritia, from durus ‘hard’]

Durex /ˈdjʊəreks/ n. Brit. propr.  a contraceptive sheath; a condom [英] [商标]杜蕾丝(避孕套) [20th c.: invented word]

durian /ˈdʊəriən/ n.  1  a large tree, Durio zibethinus, native to SE Asia, bearing oval spiny fruits containing a creamy pulp with a fetid smell and an agreeable taste (东南亚产)榴莲树 2  this fruit 榴莲果 [Malay durīan from dūrī ‘thorn’]

duricrust /ˈdjʊərikrʌst/ n. Geol.  a hard mineral crust formed near the surface of soil in semi-arid regions by evaporation of groundwater 【地质】硬壳，铝铁硅钙壳 [Latin durus ‘hard’ + CRUST]

during /ˈdjʊəriŋ/ prep.  1  throughout the course or duration of 在…的整个期间，在…期间  read during the meal  在吃饭时阅读 2  at some point in the duration of 在…期间的某个时候  came in during the evening  在晚间回来 [Middle English from Old French durant, ultimately from Latin durare ‘last, continue’]

durmast /ˈdɜ:mɑ:st/ n.  an oak tree, Quercus petraea, having sessile acorns, and growing esp. on acid soils (尤指在酸性土壤上生长的)无梗花栎 [dur- (perhaps erroneous for DUN1) + MAST2]

durn US var.  of DARN2 [美] DARN2 的变体

durned US dial. var.  of DARNED [美方] DARNED 的变体

durra /ˈdʊrə, ˈdʊərə/ n. (also 亦作 dura, dhurra)  a variety of the sorghum Sorghum bicolor, native to Asia, Africa, and the US 蜀黍；都拉高粱 [Arabic dura, durra]

durst archaic or dial. [古义] [方] past  of DARE 

durum /ˈdjʊərəm/ n.  a kind of wheat, Triticum durum, having hard seeds and yielding a flour used in the manufacture of spaghetti etc. (生产意大利通心粉等的)硬粒小麦 [Latin, neut. of durus ‘hard’]

durzi /ˈdɜ:zi/ n. (pl. durzis)  an Indian tailor 印度裁缝 [Urdu from Persian darzī, from darz ‘sewing’]

dusk /dʌsk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the darker stage of twilight 薄暮；黄昏 2  shade; gloom 荫；幽暗(处) ●adj. poet.  shadowy; dim; dark-coloured [诗]朦胧的；暗淡的；黝黑的 ●v. tr. & intr. poet.  make or become shadowy or dim [诗] (使)变微暗； (使)变得模糊(或朦胧) [Old English dox ‘dark, swarthy’, doxian ‘darken in colour’]

dusky /ˈdʌski/ adj. (duskier, duskiest)  1  shadowy; dim 微暗的；朦胧的 2  dark-coloured, darkish 黝黑的；微黑的 □ duskily  adv.  □ duskiness  n.  

dust /dʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  finely powdered earth, dirt, etc., lying on the ground or on surfaces, and blown about by the wind (细土、沙土等的)灰尘，尘埃b  fine powder of any material 粉  pollen dust  花粉 gold dust  金粉c  a cloud of dust 一片尘雾 2  a dead person's remains 尸骨；遗骸  honoured dust  荣誉显赫的遗骸 3  confusion or turmoil 混乱，骚动  raised quite a dust  激起骚动 4 archaic or poet.  the mortal human body [古义] [诗]凡身；肉体  we are all dust  我们均是凡人 5  the ground; the earth 地面；泥土  kissed the dust  屈服 6  an act of dusting 擦(扫、掸、刷)净  give the table a dust  掸去桌面上的尘土 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  clear (furniture etc.) of dust etc. by wiping, brushing, etc. 除去(擦、刷等) (家具等上的)尘土(灰土等) 2 tr.  a  sprinkle (esp. a cake) with powder, dust, sugar, etc. (尤指在糕点上)撒粉(或糖等)b  sprinkle or strew (sugar, powder, etc.) 喷撒；撒满(糖、粉末等) 3 tr.  make dusty 积满灰尘 4 intr. archaic (of a bird) take a dust-bath [古义] (鸟)洗沙浴 □ dust and ashes   something very disappointing 令人十分失望的事物□ dust down  Brit. [英]  1  wipe or brush the dust from 擦去(或刷掉)…的尘埃 2 colloq.  reprimand [口]训斥，责骂 3  = dust off □ dust off   1  remove the dust from (an object on which it has long been allowed to settle) 除去(物品上长期积留的)尘埃 2  use and enjoy again after a long period of neglect (把长期不用的东西)备好待用；重新采用□ in the dust   1  humiliated 丢脸的，受辱的 2  dead 死去的□ not see a person for dust   find that a person has made a hasty departure 发现某人已匆匆离去□ when the dust settles   when things quieten down 当事情平息下来□ dustless  adj.   [Old English dūst: cf. Low German dunst ‘vapour’]

dust-bath n.  a bird's rolling in dust to freshen its feathers (鸟的)沙浴，尘浴

dustbin /ˈdʌs(t)bin/ n. Brit.  a container for household refuse, esp. one kept outside [英] (尤指外置的)垃圾箱

dust bowl n.  an area denuded of vegetation by drought or erosion and reduced to desert 干旱尘暴区；风沙侵蚀区

dustcart /ˈdʌs(t)kɑ:t/ n. Brit.  a vehicle used for collecting household refuse [英]垃圾车

dust cover n.  1  = DUST SHEET  2  = DUST JACKET 

dust devil n. S. Afr.  a whirlwind visible as a column of dust [南非]尘卷风；尘(沙)旋

duster /ˈdʌstə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a cloth for dusting furniture etc. [英] (擦家具等的)抹布b  a person or contrivance that dusts 除尘者，打扫工；除尘器 2  a woman's light, loose, full-length coat (在家穿的)宽松女外衣

Dustin /ˈdʌstin/   达斯廷 [人名]

dusting powder n.  1  talcum powder 滑石粉 2  any dusting or drying powder 扑粉；爽身粉

dust jacket n.  a usu. decorated paper cover used to protect a book from dirt etc. (通常为书防尘等的)护封；封面纸套

dustman /ˈdʌs(t)mən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  1  a man employed to clear household refuse 清洁工 2  = SANDMAN 

dustpan /ˈdʌs(t)pæn/ n.  a small pan into which dust etc. is brushed from the floor (尤指扫垃圾等用的)簸箕

dust sheet n. Brit.  a cloth put over furniture to protect it from dust [英] (家具的)防尘套(或罩)

dust-shot n.  the smallest size of shot 尘粒弹；最小号子弹

dust storm n.  a storm with clouds of dust carried in the air 尘暴，沙尘暴

dust-trap n.  something on, in, or under which dust gathers 聚尘物；容易积灰尘的东西

dust-up n. colloq.  a fight [口]争吵；争斗，打架

dust-wrapper n.  = DUST JACKET 

dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. (dustier, dustiest)  1  full of, covered with, or resembling dust 满是灰尘的，灰尘覆盖的；尘状的 2  uninteresting; dry 乏味的；枯燥的  dusty legal paragraphs  枯燥无味的法律短文 3 (of a colour) dull or muted (颜色)阴暗的；浅灰的 □ not so dusty  Brit. slang  fairly good [英] [俚语]还不错□ dustily  adv.  □ dustiness  n.   [Old English dūstig (as DUST)]

dusty answer n. Brit.  a curt rejection of a request [英] (对请求的)含糊回答；生硬拒绝

dusty miller n.  1  any of various plants, esp. Artemisia stelleriana, having white dust on the leaves and flowers 白绒毛矢车菊；雪叶莲(尤指白蒿) 2  a kind of artificial fishing-fly 假蝇饵

Dutch /dʌtʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or associated with the Netherlands (有关)荷兰的； (有关)荷兰人的； (有关)荷兰式的 2 US archaic slang  German [美古义] [俚语]德国(人)的 3 S. Afr.  of Dutch descent [南非]荷兰血统的 4 archaic  of Germany including the Netherlands [古义] (包括荷兰在内的)条顿(人)的 ●n.  1  a  the language of the Netherlands 荷兰语b S. Afr. usu. derog.  Afrikaans [南非] [通常贬]南非荷兰语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  the people of the Netherlands 荷兰人b S. Afr.  Afrikaans-speakers [南非]讲南非荷兰语的人 3 archaic  the language of Germany including the Netherlands [古义]条顿语 □ go Dutch   share expenses equally 费用均担； AA 制 [Middle Dutch dutsch etc., Hollandish, Netherlandish, German, Old High German diutisc ‘national’]

dutch /dʌtʃ/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = DUCHESS 3  [abbreviation]

Dutch auction n.  a sale, usu. public, of goods in which the price is reduced by the auctioneer until a buyer is found (拍卖者通常当众自动落价，直到有人愿出资购买的)荷兰式拍卖

Dutch bargain n.  a bargain concluded by drinking together 酒席上达成的交易

Dutch barn n. Brit.  a barn roof over hay etc., set on poles and having no walls [英]荷兰式谷仓(放置干草等)

Dutch cap n.  1 Brit.  a contraceptive diaphragm [英]阴道隔膜，子宫帽 2  a woman's lace cap with triangular flaps on each side (每边有三角形向上翻卷的)荷兰式尖顶女帽

Dutch courage n.  false courage gained from alcohol 酒后之勇，虚勇

Dutch doll n. Brit.  a jointed wooden doll [英] (有关节的)木制玩具娃娃

Dutch door n.  = STABLE DOOR 2 

Dutch elm disease n.  a disease of elms, often fatal, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi and spread by bark beetles (由榆梢枯长喙霉引起的)荷兰榆树病

Dutch hoe n.  a hoe used with a pushing action 荷兰式推锄

Dutch interior n.  a painting of Dutch domestic life, esp. by P. de Hooch (d. 1683) 荷兰内景画，(尤指荷兰画家胡赫画的)家庭生活油画

Dutchman /ˈdʌtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Dutchwoman, pl. -women)  1  a  a native or national of the Netherlands 荷兰人；荷兰国民b  a person of Dutch descent 荷兰人后裔 2  a Dutch ship 荷兰船 3 US archaic slang  a German [美古义] [俚语]条顿人 □ I'm a Dutchman  Brit.  expression of disbelief or refusal [英] (不信或拒绝的表达)如果…我就不是人

Dutchman's breeches n. US  a plant of eastern N. America, Dicentra cucullaria, with white flowers and finely divided leaves [美] (北美东部的)兜状荷包牡丹

Dutchman's pipe n.  a climbing vine of eastern N. America, Aristolochia durior, with hooked tubular flowers (北美东部的长有弯管状花的)美洲马兜铃；烟斗藤

Dutch metal n.  a copper-zinc alloy imitating gold leaf (含铜和锌的)荷兰合金(模仿黄金叶片)，(颜色像金的)荷兰黄铜

Dutch oven n.  1  a metal box the open side of which is turned towards a fire 荷兰烘箱 2  a covered cooking pot for braising etc. (有密封盖用于文火炖等的)荷兰炖锅

Dutch treat n.  a party, outing, etc. to which each person makes a contribution (外出远足等)各付己账的聚餐

Dutch uncle n.  a person giving advice with benevolent firmness 严厉的批评者；不留情面的训斥者

Dutch wife n.  a framework of cane etc., or a bolster, used for resting the legs in bed 竹夫人(置于床上搁脚的藤等制成的架子)

Dutchwoman  see 见 DUTCHMAN 

duteous /ˈdju:tiəs/ adj. literary (of a person or conduct) dutiful; obedient [文学用语] (人或行为)尽职的；服从的 □ duteously  adv.  □ duteousness  n.   [DUTY + -OUS: cf. beauteous]

dutiable /ˈdju:tiəb(ə)l/ adj.  liable to customs or other duties 应征关税的

dutiful /ˈdju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  doing or observant of one's duty; obedient 忠实的，忠于职守的；顺从的 □ dutifully  adv.  □ dutifulness  n.  

duty /ˈdju:ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility 义务；本分；责任  his duty to report it  他有义务报告此事b  the binding force of what is right 责任心；责任感  strong sense of duty  强烈的责任感c  what is required of one 本分  do one's duty  尽职；尽义务 2  payment to the public revenue, esp. 税，尤指 :a  that levied on the import, export, manufacture, or sale of goods (进出口货物)关税  customs duty  海关税b Brit.  that levied on the transfer of property, licences, the legal recognition of documents, etc. [英]转让财产(许可证执照、文件法律确认等的)所征的税  death duty  遗产税 probate duty  动产税 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a job or function 职责，职能  his duties as caretaker  他的职责是看管 4  the behaviour due to a superior; deference, respect (对上级的)恭顺；听从；恭敬 5  the measure of an engine's effectiveness in units of work done per unit of fuel (发动机的)能率，功率 6 Eccl.  the performance of church services 【教会】行礼拜式 □ do duty for   serve as or pass for (something else) (其他物)代…用；当…用□ on (or off) duty   engaged (or not engaged) in one's work (不)在当班 [Anglo-French deweté, dueté (as DUE)]

duty-bound adj.  obliged by duty 负有责任的；义不容辞的

duty-free adj. (of goods) on which duty is not leviable (商品)免税的

duty-free shop n.  a shop at an airport etc. at which duty-free goods can be bought (机场等的)免税商店

duty officer n.  the officer currently on duty 值勤官；值班员

duty-paid adj. (of goods) on which duty has been paid (货物)已纳税的；完税的

duty visit n.  a visit paid from obligation, not from pleasure 例行拜访

duumvir /dju:ˈʌmvə/ n. Rom. Hist.  one of two co-equal magistrates or officials [罗马]【史】两执政之一；双人执政者之一 □ duumvirate  /-virət/ n.   [Latin from duum virum ‘of the two men’]

duvet /ˈdju:vei, ˈdu:-/ n. esp. Brit.  a thick soft quilt with a detachable cover, used instead of an upper sheet and blankets [尤英] (被褥合一的)羽绒被 [French, = DOWN2]

dux /dʌks/ n. Sc., Austral., NZ & S. Afr.  etc. the top pupil in a class or in a school [苏格兰和澳新南非] (班级或学校里)成绩最优的学生 [Latin, = leader]

duyker var.  of DUIKER  1 DUIKER 1 的变体

DV abbr. Deo volente [缩略]  如蒙上帝恩允

Dvr. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Driver 

dwale /dweil/ n.  deadly nightshade 颠茄 [probably from Scandinavian]

Dwane /dwein/   杜安 [人名]

dwarf /dwɔ:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. dwarfs or dwarves /dwɔ:vz/)  1  a  a person of abnormally small stature, esp. one with a normal-sized head and body but short limbs (尤指头、身体正常而四肢短小的)侏儒，矮子b  an animal or plant much below the ordinary size for the species 矮小动物(或植物) 2  a small mythological being with supernatural powers (神话中有魔力的)小矮人 3 (in full 全称 dwarf star)  a small usu. dense star (通常密度大的)矮星 4 (作 attrib.)  a  of a kind very small in size 矮  dwarf bean  矮生菜豆b  puny, stunted 弱小；发育不全 ●v. tr.  1  stunt in growth 发育迟缓 2  cause (something similar or comparable) to seem small or insignificant 使显得矮小  efforts dwarfed by their rivals' achievements  对手的成就使其努力显得相形见绌 □ dwarfish  adj.   [Old English dweorg, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, alternative terms such as person of restricted growth are now sometimes preferred. 用于释义 1 时，人们有时更喜欢用 person of restricted growth (发育受到限制者)来代替 dwarf (侏儒)。 

dwarfism /ˈdwɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n. esp. Med.  the condition of being a dwarf (尤)【医】侏儒症

dweeb /dwi:b/ n. US slang  a studious or boring person; a nerd [美] [俚语]书呆子，笨人；乏味之人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dwell /dwel/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past and past part. dwelt or dwelled)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at, near, on, etc.) literary  live, reside [文学用语]居住，寓于  dwelt in the forest  居住在森林里 2 (of a horse) be slow in raising its feet; pause before taking a fence (马)收步；(跨越障碍物前)踌躇 ●n. a slight, regular pause in the motion of a machine (机器运转中)有规则的小停顿 dwell on (or upon)  1  spend time on, linger over; write, brood, or speak at length on (a specified subject) 花费时间于；徘徊于； (对专题)书写；进行沉思；长篇大论  always dwells on his grievances  老在诉说他的冤屈 2  prolong (a note, a syllable, etc.) (音、音节等)拉长，持续 □ dweller  n.   [Old English dwellan ‘lead astray, hinder, delay’, later ‘continue in a place’, from Germanic]

dwelling /ˈdweliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 dwelling place) formal  a house; a residence; an abode [正式]住处；寓所；住所

dwelling house n.  a house used as a residence, not as an office etc. (不是作为办公室等的)住宅

Dwight /dwait/   德怀特 [人名]

dwindle /ˈdwind(ə)l/ v. intr.  1  become gradually smaller; shrink; waste away 逐渐变小；缩小；减少 2  lose importance; decline; degenerate 衰落；衰退；退化 [dwine ‘fade away’ from Old English dwīnan, Old Norse dvina]

d.w.t. abbr.  dead-weight tonnage [缩略] (船的)载重吨位

dwt. abbr. hist. [缩略] [史义]  pennyweight 

Dy symb. Chem.  the element dysprosium [符]【化】(化学元素)镝

dyad /ˈdaiæd/ n. Math.  an operator which is a combination of two vectors 【数】并矢；并向量 □ dyadic  /-ˈædik/ adj.   [Late Latin dyas dyad- from Greek duas duados, from duo ‘two’]

Dyak /ˈdaiæk/ n. (also 亦作 Dayak)  an aboriginal of Borneo or Sarawak 迪雅克人(婆罗洲或沙捞越的土著居民) [Malay dayak ‘up-country’]

dyarchy var.  of DIARCHY  DIARCHY 的变体

dybbuk /ˈdibʊk/ n. (pl. dybbukim /-kim/ or dybbuks)  a malevolent spirit in Jewish folklore 阴魂附体(犹太民间传说中的鬼怪) [Hebrew dibbūk from dɑˉb-ak ‘cling’]

dye /dai/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a substance used to change the colour of hair, fabric, wood, etc. (毛发、织物、木材等的)染料b  a colour produced by this (染上的)颜色 2 (in full 全称 dyestuff /ˈdaistʌf/)  a substance yielding a dye, esp. when in solution (尤指溶解中)产生染料之物 ●v. (dyeing)  1 tr.  impregnate with dye 染 2 tr.  make (a thing) a specified colour with dye 使(某物)染上颜色  dyed it yellow  把它染成黄色 3 intr.  take colour in the process of dyeing 被染色；被着色 □ dyed in the wool (or Brit. [英] grain)   1  out and out; unchangeable, inveterate 十足的；染透的；根深蒂固的 2 (of a fabric) made of yarn dyed in its raw state (织物)生染的；原毛染色的□ dyeable  adj.   [Old English deag, deagian]

dye-line n.  a print made by the diazo process 重氮复印法

dyer /ˈdaiə/ n.  a person who dyes cloth etc. (织物等的)染工，染匠

dyer's greenweed n. (also 亦作 dyer's broom)  a bushy yellow-flowered leguminous plant, Genista tinctoria, formerly used to make a green dye 染料木(旧时用作绿色染料)

dyer's oak n.  an E. Mediterranean oak, Quercus infectoria, bearing galls formerly used to make a yellow dye (产于东地中海的)染色栎(旧时用作黄色染料)

dyestuff  see 见 DYE n. 2 

dying /ˈdaiiŋ/ attrib. adj.  connected with, or at the time of, death 即将死亡的；垂死的  his dying words  他的临终之言 □ to one's dying day   for the rest of one's life 余生，在有生之年 [pres. part. of DIE1]

dying oath n.  an oath made at, or with the solemnity proper to, death 临死誓言

dyke1 /daik/ n. & v. (also 亦作 dike) ●n.  1  a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding, esp. from the sea (尤指沿海筑的)堤，坝 2  a  a ditch or artificial watercourse 沟；渠b Brit.  a natural watercourse [英]水道，天然渠道 3  a  a low wall, esp. of turf (尤指草地)低墙b  a causeway 堤道，砌道 4  a barrier or obstacle; a defence 障碍物，障碍；防御物 5 Geol.  an intrusion of igneous rock across sedimentary strata 【地质】岩墙；岩脉 6 esp. Austral. slang  a lavatory [尤澳] [俚语]厕所 ●v. tr.  provide or defend with a dyke or dykes 筑堤，用坝防护 [Middle English from Old Norse dík or Middle Low German dīk ‘dam’, Middle Dutch dijc ‘ditch, dam’: cf. DITCH]

dyke2 /daik/ n. (also 亦作 dike) slang  a lesbian [俚语]女同性恋者 [20th c.: origin unknown]

dyn abbr. [缩略]  dyne 

dynamic /daiˈnæmik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 dynamical)  1  energetic; active; potent 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  concerning motive force (opp. 反义 STATIC) 动力的b  concerning force in actual operation (有关)动态的，启动的 3  of or concerning dynamics (有关)动力学的 4 Mus.  relating to the volume of sound 【音】(有关)力度变化的，音量的 5 Philos.  relating to dynamism 【哲】(有关)物力论的，力本说的 6 (as 作 dynamical) Theol. (of inspiration) endowing with divine power, not impelling mechanically 【神】(灵感)赋予神力的 ●n.  1  an energizing or motive force 活力，动力 2 Mus. 【音】  = DYNAMICS 3  □ dynamically  adv.   [French dynamique from Greek dunamikos, from dunamis ‘power’]

dynamic equilibrium n.  a state of balance between continuing processes 动态平衡

dynamics /daiˈnæmiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a  the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces (cf. 参见 STATICS) 动力学b  the branch of any science in which forces or changes are considered 力学  aerodynamics  空气动力学 population dynamics  群体动态 2  the motive forces, physical or moral, affecting behaviour and change in any sphere 动力  group dynamics  群体动力 3 Mus.  the varying degree of volume of sound in musical performance 【音】力度；力度变化 □ dynamicist  /-sist/ n. (in sense 1a 用于释义 1a)  

dynamic viscosity n.  a quantity measuring the force needed to overcome internal friction 动态黏度

dynamism /ˈdainəmiz(ə)m/ n.  1  energizing or dynamic action or power 推动力；活力，干劲 2 Philos.  the theory that phenomena of matter or mind are due to the action of forces (rather than to motion or matter) 【哲】(以力的作用来解释的)物力论；力本论 □ dynamist  n.   [Greek dunamis ‘power’ + -ISM]

dynamite /ˈdainəmait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a high explosive consisting of nitroglycerine mixed with an absorbent 炸药，甘油炸药 2  a potentially dangerous person, thing, or situation 有潜在危险的人(事情或形势) 3 Brit. slang  a narcotic, esp. heroin [英] [俚语]麻醉品(尤指海洛因) 4 (often 常作 attrib.) slang  a powerful or impressive person or thing [俚语]轰动一时的人物；引起轰动的事物 ●v. tr.  charge or shatter with dynamite (用炸药)炸毁；爆破 □ dynamiter  n.   [formed as DYNAMISM + -ITE1]

dynamo /ˈdainəməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 esp. Brit.  a machine converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, esp. by rotating coils of copper wire in a magnetic field [尤英]发电机(尤指通过在磁场里旋转铜线圈，把机械能转化为电能的机器) 2 colloq.  an energetic person [口]精力充沛的人 [abbreviation of dynamo-electric machine, from Greek dunamis ‘power’]

dynamometer /dainəˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument measuring energy expended by a mechanism, vehicle, etc. 测力计；测功计(测量机械装置、车辆等所耗能量) [French dynamomètre (as Greek dunamis ‘power, force’ + -METER)]

dynast /ˈdinəst, ˈdainəst, -æst/ n.  1  a ruler 统治者，君主 2  a member of a dynasty 王朝成员 [Latin from Greek dunastēs, from dunamai ‘be able’]

dynasty /ˈdinəsti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a line of hereditary rulers 朝代；王朝 2  a succession of leaders in any field (某一领域领导人的)世袭，继承 □ dynastic  /-ˈnæstik/ adj.  □ dynastically  /-ˈnæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [French dynastie or Late Latin dynastia from Greek dunasteia ‘lordship’ (as DYNAST)]

dynatron /ˈdainətrɒn/ n. Electronics  a thermionic valve, used to generate continuous oscillations 【电子学】回射电子管；负阻管 [Greek dunamis ‘power’ + -TRON]

dyne /dain/ n. Physics  a unit of force that, acting on a mass of one gram, increases its velocity by one centimetre per second every second along the direction that it acts (abbr. 缩略 : dyn) 【物理学】达因(力的单位) [French from Greek dunamis ‘force, power’]

dys- /dis/ comb. form esp. Med.  bad, difficult [构词成分] (尤)【医】坏的；困难的 [Greek dus- ‘bad’]

dysentery /ˈdis(ə)nt(ə)ri/ n.  a disease with inflammation of the intestines, causing severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus 痢疾 □ dysenteric  /-ˈterik/ adj.   [Old French dissenterie or Latin dysenteria from Greek dusenteria (as DYS-, enteria from entera ‘bowels’)]

dysfunction /disˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  an abnormality or impairment of function 机能不良；机能障碍 □ dysfunctional  adj.  

dysgraphia /disˈɡræfiə/ n.  an inability to write coherently 书写困难 □ dysgraphic  adj.   [DYS- + Greek graphia ‘writing’]

dyslexia /disˈleksiə/ n.  a disorder marked esp. by severe difficulty in reading and spelling (尤指严重的)诵读困难 □ dyslectic  /-ˈlektik/ adj. & n.  □ dyslexic  adj. & n.   [German Dyslexie (as DYS-, Greek lexis ‘speech’, apparently by confusion of Greek legein ‘to speak’ and Latin legere ‘to read’)]

dysmenorrhoea /ˌdismenəˈri:ə/ n.  painful or difficult menstruation 痛经 [DYS- + MENORRHOEA]

dyspepsia /disˈpepsiə/ n.  indigestion 消化不良 [Latin dyspepsia from Greek duspepsia (as DYS-, peptos ‘cooked, digested’)]

dyspeptic /disˈpeptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to dyspepsia or the resulting depression (有关)消化不良的；(有关)阴郁的 ●n.  a person suffering from dyspepsia 消化不良患者

dysphasia /disˈfeiziə/ n. Med.  lack of coordination in speech, owing to brain damage 【医】言语困难 □ dysphasic  adj.   [Greek dusphatos ‘hard to utter’ (as DYS-, PHATIC)]

dysphoria /disˈfɔ:riə/ n.  a state of unease or mental discomfort 焦虑；烦躁不安 □ dysphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.   [Greek dusphoria from dusphoros ‘hard to bear’ (as DYS-, pherō ‘bear’)]

dysplasia /disˈpleiziə/ n. Med.  abnormal growth of tissues etc. 【医】(组织等)发育不良，发育异常 □ dysplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [modern Latin, formed as DYS- + Greek plasis ‘formation’]

dyspnoea /dispˈni:ə/ n. (US [美] dyspnea) Med.  difficult or laboured breathing 【医】呼吸困难 □ dyspnoeic  adj.   [Latin from Greek duspnoia (as DYS-, pneō ‘breathe’)]

dysprosium /disˈprəʊziəm/ n. Chem.  a naturally occurring soft metallic element of the lanthanide series, used as a component in certain magnetic alloys (symbol 符 Dy) 【化】(化学元素)镝 [modern Latin, from Greek dusprositos ‘hard to get at’ + -IUM]

dystocia /disˈtəʊʃə/ n. Med.  difficult or prolonged childbirth 【医】难产 [DYS- + Greek tokos ‘childbirth’]

dystopia /disˈtəʊpiə/ n.  a nightmare vision of society, often as one dominated by a totalitarian state (opp. 反义 UTOPIA) 反面乌托邦；反面假想国 □ dystopian  adj. & n.   [DYS- + UTOPIA]

dystrophic /disˈtrɒfik, -ˈtrəʊf-/ adj.  1 Med.  relating to or affected by dystrophy 【医】营养不良的；营养不良引起的 2 Ecol. (of a lake etc.) containing much dissolved organic matter and little oxygen 【态】(湖等)无滋养的(含许多溶解的有机物并缺氧) [formed as DYSTROPHY + -IC]

dystrophy /ˈdistrəfi/ n.  impaired nourishment of an organ or part of the body See also 另见 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 营养不良(或障碍) [modern Latin dystrophia, formed as DYS- + Greek -trophia ‘nourishment’]

dysuria /disˈjʊəriə/ n.  painful or difficult urination 排尿疼痛；排尿困难 [Late Latin from Greek dusouria (as DYS-, ouron ‘urine’)]

dzo /ʒəʊ, zəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 dzho, zho) (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  a hybrid of a cow and a yak 犏牛(普通牛和牦牛的杂交种) [Tibetan mdso]

déclassé /deiˈklæsei/ adj. (fem. déclassée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  that has fallen in social status 失去社会地位的；落泊的 [French]

décolletage /deikɒlˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  a low neckline of a woman's dress etc. (妇女衣服等的)低领，露肩的 [French (as DE-, collet ‘collar of a dress’)]

décolleté /deiˈkɒl(ə)tei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 décolletée)  1 (of a dress etc.) having a low neckline (女服等)露肩的 2 (of a woman) wearing a dress with a low neckline (女人)穿露肩衣服的 ●n.  a low neckline 露肩领 [French (as DÉCOLLETAGE)]

découpage /deiku:ˈpɑ:ʒ/ n.  the decoration of surfaces with paper cut-outs 剪纸装饰(术)，剪贴术 [French, = the action of cutting out]

dégagé /deiˈɡɑ:ʒei/ adj. (fem. dégagée)  relaxed, unconcerned, unconstrained 轻松的，不关心的，无拘束的 [French, past part. of dégager ‘set free’]

déjà vu /deiʒɑ: ˈvu:/ n. (also 亦作 deja vu)  1 Psychol.  an illusory feeling of having already experienced a present situation 【心】记忆幻觉；似曾相识的错觉 2  tedious familiarity 使人讨厌的过分熟悉 [French, = already seen]

démarche /deiˈmɑ:ʃ/ n.  a political step or initiative 对策；手段，步骤；主动性 [French from démarcher ‘take steps’ (as DE-, MARCH1)]

démenti /deiˈmɒ˜ti, 法 demɑ˜ti/ n.  an official denial of a rumour etc. (谣言等)正式否认；辟谣 [French from démentir ‘accuse of lying’]

démodé /deiˈməʊdei, 法 demɔde/ adj.  out of fashion 老式的；不时髦的 [French, past part. of démoder (as DE-, mode ‘fashion’)]

dépaysé /deiˈpeizei, 法 depɛize/ adj. (fem. dépaysée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  removed from one's habitual surroundings 背井离乡的 [French, = removed from one's own country]

déshabillé /dezæˈbi:ei, 法 dezabije/ n. (also 亦作 déshabille /deizæˈbi:l, 法 dezabi/, dishabille /disæˈbi:l/)  a state of being only partly or carelessly clothed 穿着随便；衣不蔽体 [French, = undressed]

détente /deiˈtɑ:nt/ n. (also 亦作 detente)  an easing of strained relations esp. between states (尤指国与国之间的)缓和 [French, = relaxation]

dévot /deiˈvəʊ, 法 devo/ n. (fem. dévote /-ˈvɒt, 法 -vɔt/)  a devotee 虔诚的宗教男(或女)信徒 [French from Old French (as DEVOUT)]

Dɑˊil /dɔil/ n. (in full 全称 Dɑˊil Éireann /ˈɛər(ə)n/)  the lower House of Parliament in the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国国会的下议院 [Irish, = assembly (of Ireland)]

E1 /i:/ n. (also 亦作 e) (pl. Es or E's)  1  the fifth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 5 个字母 2 Mus.  the third note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第 3 个音， E 音

E2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 E.)  1  East; Eastern  2  Egyptian  £ E  埃及人；埃及的(埃镑) 3 slang  a  the drug ecstasy [俚语] (服用毒品引起的)愉悦，欣喜；迷幻感b  a tablet of this (一片)迷幻药 4  see 见 E-NUMBER 

E3 symb. Physics  energy [符]【物理学】能，能量  E = mc2 

e symb. [符]  1 Math.  the base of natural logarithms, equal to approx. 2.71828 【数】自然对数的底(约等于 2.71828) 2  used on packaging (in conjunction with specification of weight, size, etc.) to indicate compliance with EEC regulations 商品包装上用来标注该产品符合欧共体标准的符号(与重量、大小等规格一起标注)

e- /i, e/ prefix  form of EX-1 1 before some consonants (用于某些辅音前的)EX-1 释义 1 的变形

ea. abbr. [缩略]  each 

each /i:tʃ/ det. & pron. ●det.  every one of two or more persons or things, regarded and identified separately (两个或两个以上的人或物中的)各个，各自；每  each person  每个人 five in each class  每班 5 个 ●pron.  each person or thing 每一个人或物  each of us  我们每人 have two books each  每人 2 本书 cost a penny each  1 便士一件 □ each and every   every single 每一个；各个 [Old English œˉlc from West Germanic phrase = ever alike, formed as AYE2 + ALIKE]

each other pron.  one another 互相；彼此  they hate each other  他们相互憎恨 they wore each other's hats  他们戴着彼此的帽子

each way adj. & adv. Brit. (of a bet) backing a horse etc. for either a win or a place [英] (赌博)赌马等胜负或名次的(一种下注方式)

eager /ˈi:ɡə/ adj.  1  a  full of keen desire, enthusiastic 渴望的；迫切希望的b (of passions etc.) keen, impatient (指情感等方面)急切的，热切的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  keen, impatient, strongly desirous 渴望；急(热)切于  eager to learn  渴望学习 eager for news  急于得到消息 □ eagerly  adv.  □ eagerness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French egre, Old French aigre ‘keen’, ultimately from Latin acer acris]

eager beaver n. colloq.  an overzealous or extremely diligent person [口]过分热心的人；格外勤奋的人

eagle /ˈi:ɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, with keen vision and powerful flight 雕(鹰科猛禽，视觉敏锐，飞行能力强)b  a figure of an eagle, esp. as a symbol of the US, or formerly as a Roman or French ensign 鹰的图案，鹰徽；(尤指)象征美国的鹰徽；[旧指]罗马帝国或法兰西王国军旗上的鹰徽 2 Golf  a score of two strokes under par at any hole 【高尔夫球】每洞比标准杆少两杆的得分 3 US  a former gold coin worth ten dollars [美]旧鹰徽金币(面值为 10 美元的金币) ●v. tr. Golf  play (a hole) in two strokes less than par 【高尔夫球】比标准杆少打两杆(入洞) [Middle English via Anglo-French egle, Old French aigle from Latin aquila]

eagle eye n.  keen sight, watchfulness 犀利的目光；敏锐的目光；密切注意(或观察) □ eagle-eyed  adj.  

eagle owl n.  any large owl of the genus Bubo, with long ear-tufts 雕鸮(大型食肉类猛禽，生有长的耳羽束)

eagle ray n.  a large ray (fish) of the family Myliobatidae, with long pointed pectoral fins 鹞鲼(一种体型较大的鲼科海鱼，生有长的刺状胸鳍)

eaglet /ˈi:ɡlit/ n.  a young eagle 小雕；幼雕

eagre /ˈeiɡə, ˈi:-/ n.  = BORE3  [17th c.: origin unknown]

Eamon /ˈeimən/   埃蒙 [人名]

Eamonn /ˈeimən/   埃蒙 [人名]

-ean /ˈi:ən, iən/ suffix var.  of -AN -AN 的变体

ear1 /iə/ n.  1  a  the organ of hearing and balance in humans and vertebrates, esp. the external part of this (人与脊椎动物的听觉和平衡器官)耳朵，(尤指)外耳b  an organ sensitive to sound in other animals (其他动物的)听觉器官 2  the faculty for discriminating sounds 听觉；听力  an ear for music  有音乐鉴赏力 3  an ear-shaped thing, esp. the handle of a jug 耳状物，(尤指)罐子的柄 4  listening, attention 听；注意 □ all ears   listening attentively 全神贯注地听，认真地听□ bring about one's ears   bring down upon oneself 招惹嫉恨□ give ear to   listen to 倾听，听取□ have a person's ear   receive a favourable hearing 得到某人的聆听□ have (or keep) an ear to the ground   be alert to rumours or the trend of opinion 注意谣传或舆论动向□ in one ear and out the other   heard but disregarded or quickly forgotten (对别人的话)不当回事；左耳朵进右耳朵出；很快忘记□ out on one's ear   dismissed ignominiously 不光彩地被解雇，开除；被不客气地赶走□ up to one's ears  (often foll. by 常后跟 in) colloq.  deeply involved or occupied [口]深深卷入，深陷□ eared  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ earless  adj.   [Old English ēare from Germanic: related to Latin auris, Greek ous]

ear2 /iə/ n.  the seed-bearing head of a cereal plant (谷类植物的)穗 [Old English ēar from Germanic, related to Latin acus, acer ‘husk’]

earache /ˈiəreik/ n.  a (usu. prolonged) pain in the ear (通常指持续时间较长的)耳痛，耳疼

earbash /ˈiəbæʃ/ v. tr. esp. Austral. slang  talk inordinately to; harangue [尤澳] [俚语]对…夸夸奇谈；高谈阔论 □ earbasher  n.  □ earbashing  n.  

ear drops n. pl.  1  medicinal drops for the ear 耳药水，滴耳剂 2  hanging earrings 耳环；耳坠子

eardrum /ˈiədrʌm/ n.  the membrane of the middle ear (= TYMPANIC MEMBRANE) 耳膜，鼓膜

earful /ˈiəfʊl/ n. (pl. -fuls) colloq. [口]  1  a copious or prolonged amount of talking 冗长(或滔滔不绝)的讲话 2  a strong reprimand 斥责，申斥

earhole /ˈiəhəʊl/ n.  the orifice of the ear 耳孔，耳朵眼儿

earl /ɜ:l/ n.  a British nobleman ranking between a marquess and a viscount (cf. 参见 COUNT2) (英国的)伯爵(排位在侯爵与子爵之间) □ earldom  n.   [Old English eorl, of unknown origin]

Earl Grey n.  a superior type of tea flavoured with bergamot 带有香柠檬气的上等茶叶

Earl Marshal n. (in the UK) the officer presiding over the College of Heralds, with ceremonial duties on various royal occasions (英国)纹章院主管，(负责主持英国王室各项仪式的)王室典礼大臣

ear lobe n.  the lower soft pendulous external part of the ear 耳垂

Earl Palatine n. hist.  an earl having royal authority within his country or domain [史义]郡主

early /ˈɜ:li/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (earlier, earliest)  1  before the due, usual, or expected time (在规定、通常或约定时间)之前(的)，早于(的)，提前(的)  was early for my appointment  …早于我的约定时间 the train arrived early  提前进站的火车 2  a  not far on in the day or night, or in time 清晨的，傍晚的，初期(的)；及时(的)  early evening  傍晚，黄昏 at the earliest opportunity  一有机会就b  prompt; promptly 即刻；马上  early payment appreciated  请尽早付款 reply early for a reduction  尽早答复，以获减价优惠 3  a  not far on in a period, development, or process of evolution; being the first stage (阶段、进展、发展的)早期，初期，开始阶段  Early English architecture  英国早期建筑 the early Christians  早期的基督徒 early Spring  早春b  of the distant past 古时候的，古代的  early man  远古的人类c  not far on in a sequence or serial order (某系列、序列中)前部分的，前面的  the early chapters  前几章 appears early in the list  列在前面 4  a  of childhood, esp. the pre-school years 儿童时期的，(尤指)学龄前的  early learning  早期教育b (of a piece of writing, music, etc.) immature, youthful (文学、音乐作品等)不成熟的，幼稚的  an early work  早期的作品 5  flowering, ripening, etc., before other varieties (开花期、成熟期等)先于其他品种的；早熟的；花期早的  early peaches  早熟的桃子 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an early fruit or vegetable, esp. potatoes 早熟水果或蔬菜，(尤指)早熟土豆 □ at the earliest  (often placed after a specified time) not before (常放在某一具体时间之后)最早；不早于  will arrive on Monday at the earliest  最早将于星期一到达□ early (or earlier) on   at an early (or earlier) stage 在初期；早先□ earliness  n.   [originally as adv., Old English œˉrlīce, ɑˉrlīce, from œˉr ERE]

early bird n. colloq.  a person who arrives, gets up, etc. early [口]勤勉的人；早到(早起)的人

early closing n. Brit.  the shutting of business premises on the afternoon of one particular day of the week [英] (商店一周中某个下午)提早打烊

early days n. pl. Brit.  early in time for something to happen etc. [英] (对某事来说)为时过早，尚早

early grave n.  an untimely or premature death 早逝；夭折

early hours n. pl.  the very early morning, usu. before dawn 凌晨，大清早(通常指黎明前)

early music n.  medieval, Renaissance, and baroque music, esp. as revived and played on period instruments 早期音乐；中世纪、文艺复兴时期的音乐；巴罗克音乐；(尤指)在古乐器上演奏、再现的音乐 □ early musician  n.  

early night n.  an occasion on which a person goes to bed early 早睡之夜

early retirement n.  retirement from one's occupation before the statutory retirement age, esp. on advantageous financial terms (尤指在优厚条件下的)提前退休

early warning n.  advance warning of a problem or of an imminent (esp. nuclear) attack 预先告戒(或警告)，(对敌人来犯、尤指对核攻击的)预警 often 常作 attrib.: early warning system  预警系统

earmark /ˈiəmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an identifying mark 辨认标记 2  an owner's mark on the ear of an animal (家畜耳朵上表示其归属的)耳记，标记 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  set aside (money etc.) for a special purpose (为某一特定用途而)存放，指拨(钱款等) 2  mark (sheep etc.) with an identifying mark 给(羊等牲畜)打耳记，做标记

earmuff /ˈiəmʌf/ n.  a wrap or cover for the ears, protecting them from cold, noise, etc. (用来防寒、噪声等的)耳套，耳罩，护耳

earn /ɜ:n/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (of a person) obtain (income) in the form of money in return for labour or services (通过劳动或服务)挣得，赚得(钱)  earn a weekly wage  (工作)按周付酬 happy to be earning at last  很高兴终于开始赚钱了b (of capital invested) bring in as interest or profit (投资)生息；生利 2  a  deserve; be entitled to; obtain as the reward for hard work or merit 挣得，赢得；(因工作努力或功绩而)获得回报或奖励  have earned a holiday  赢得一次假期 earned our admiration  赢得我们的赞誉 earn one's keep  谋生，挣饭吃b  incur (a reproach, reputation, etc.) 招致(责备)；影响(名誉等) [Old English earnian from West Germanic, related to Germanic roots associated with reaping]

earned income n.  income derived from wages etc. (opp. 反义 UNEARNED INCOME) 工作收入，劳动所得

earner /ˈɜ:nə/ n.  1  a person or thing that earns 挣(或赚)钱的人或物 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : wage earner  工薪阶层，靠工资收入的人 2 Brit. colloq.  a lucrative job or enterprise [英口]收入丰厚的工作或效益高的企业

earnest1 /ˈɜ:nist/ adj. & n. ●adj.  ardently or intensely serious; zealous; not trifling or joking 严肃的；热心的；认真的；非开玩笑的 ●n.  seriousness 严肃，认真 □ in (or in real) earnest   serious(ly), not joking(ly); with determination 认真；严肃，非开玩笑□ earnestly  adv.  □ earnestness  n.   [Old English eornust, eornost]

earnest2 /ˈɜ:nist/ n.  1  money paid as an instalment, esp. to confirm a contract etc. 定金；保证金(尤指为确认一个合同) 2  a token or foretaste 预示，预兆  in earnest of what is to come  从预兆来看… [Middle English ernes, probably via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin arr(h)a ‘pledge’]

earnings /ˈɜ:niŋz/ n. pl.  money earned 收入，薪金，工资；收益；利润

earnings-related adj. (of benefit, a pension, etc.) calculated on the basis of past or present income (福利、退休金等)与收入相关的(即根据过去与现在的收入计算出来的)

EAROM /ˈiərɒm/ n. Computing  electrically alterable read-only memory 【计算】电改写只读存储器 [acronym]

earphone /ˈiəfəʊn/ n.  a device applied to the ear to aid hearing or receive radio or telephone communications 受话器，耳机

earpiece /ˈiəpi:s/ n.  the part of a telephone etc. applied to the ear during use (电话等的)耳机

ear-piercing adj. & n. ●adj.  loud and shrill 响亮的，尖锐刺耳的 ●n.  the piercing of the ears to allow the wearing of earrings (为戴耳环)给耳穿孔，穿耳洞

earplug /ˈiəplʌɡ/ n.  a piece of wax etc. placed in the ear to protect against cold air, water, or noise 耳塞(用蜡等材料制成，用来防止冷空气、水和噪声进入耳部)

earring /ˈiəriŋ/ n.  a piece of jewellery worn in or on (esp. the lobe of) the ear 耳环；耳饰(尤指戴在耳垂处的)

earshot /ˈiəʃɒt/ n.  the distance over which something can be heard (esp. 尤用于 within or out of earshot 在听力所及范围以内或以外) 听力所及的范围，可听距离

ear-splitting adj.  excessively loud 震耳欲聋的，极响的

ear-stopple  see 见 STOPPLE n. 2 

earth /ɜ:θ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (also 亦作 Earth; often prec. by 常前接 the)  one of the planets of the solar system, orbiting about the sun between Venus and Mars; the planet on which we live 地球(太阳系行星之一，位于金星与火星之间)b (prec. by 前接 the)  land and sea, as distinct from sky (相对于天空的)陆地和海洋 2  a  dry land; the ground 大地，土地  fell to earth  摔倒在地上b  soil, clay, mould 土壤；泥土，泥巴c  bodily matter 肉体，躯体  earth to earth  尘世来，尘世去 3 Relig.  the present abode of humankind, as distinct from heaven or hell; the world 【宗】现世；尘世(以区别于天堂或地狱) 4 Brit. Electr.  the connection to the earth as an arbitrary reference voltage in an electrical circuit [英]【电】(电路中)接地 5  the hole of a badger, fox, etc. (獾、狐等动物的)地穴，地洞 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  a huge amount; everything [口]一大笔，巨额；全部  cost the earth  非常昂贵，(要)天价 want the earth  野心勃勃 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) Brit.  cover (the roots and lower stems of plants) with heaped-up earth (up) [英] (为植物的根部或靠近根的茎)培土 2  a tr.  drive (a fox) to its earth 驱赶(狐狸)进洞b intr. (of a fox etc.) run to its earth (狐狸等动物)跑进洞穴，躲入洞穴 3 tr. Brit. Electr.  connect to the earth [英]【电】给…接地 □ come back (or down) to earth   return to realities 回到现实中来□ gone to earth   in hiding 躲藏□ on earth  colloq. [口]  1  existing anywhere 世上，世间  the happiest man on earth  世间最快乐的人 looked like nothing on earth  世上无比的，极不一般的 2  as an intensifier 用来加强语气  what on earth?  究竟，到底□ earthward  adj. & adv.  □ earthwards  adv.   [Old English eorthe, from Germanic]

earthbound /ˈɜ:θbaʊnd/ adj.  1  attached to the earth or earthly things 只限于地(球)上的；世俗的，尘世(间)的 2  moving towards the earth 朝地球移动的

earth closet n. Brit.  a lavatory with dry earth used to cover excreta [英] (以干土覆盖粪便的)厕所，干式厕所

earthen /ˈɜ:θ(ə)n/ adj.  1  made of earth 泥土制的 2  made of baked clay 用烧过的黏土制作的，陶制的

earthenware /ˈɜ:θ(ə)nwɛə/ n. & adj. ●n.  pottery, vessels, etc., made of clay fired to a porous state which can be made impervious to liquids by the use of a glaze (cf. 参见 PORCELAIN, STONEWARE) 陶制品，陶器(窑中烧制，上釉后可不渗漏) ●adj.  made of fired clay 用陶制的，用烧过的黏土制造的 [EARTHEN + WARE1]

earthling /ˈɜ:θliŋ/ n.  an inhabitant of the earth, esp. as regarded in science fiction by aliens 栖息在地球上的人，凡人，(尤指)科幻小说中外星人眼中的地球人

earthly /ˈɜ:θli/ adj.  1  of the earth or human life on earth; terrestrial 地(球)上的；尘世(间)的，世俗的 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  remotely possible or conceivable [口]几乎不可能的；难以想像的  is no earthly use  毫无用处 there wasn't an earthly reason  完全没有什么理由 □ not an earthly  Brit. colloq.  no chance whatever [英口]毫无希望，没有指望□ earthliness  n.  

earthly paradise  see 见 PARADISE 3 

earth mother n.  1 Mythol.  a female spirit or deity symbolizing the earth 【神话】大地母亲(象征大地的女神) 2  a sensual and maternal woman 感情丰富充满母性的妇女

earth mover n.  a vehicle or machine for moving earth 运土机械 □ earth-moving  n.  

earth-nut n.  1  a  any of various plants with an edible roundish tuber, esp. an umbelliferous woodland plant, Conopodium majus 任何生有圆形、可食块茎的植物，(尤指)伞状花科的林地植物b  the tuber of such a plant (这类植物的)块茎，块根 2  the peanut (落)花生

earth-pig n.  = AARDVARK 

earthquake /ˈɜ:θkweik/ n.  1  a convulsion of the earth's crust due to the release of accumulated stress as a result of faults in strata or volcanic action 地震 2  a social etc. disturbance (社会等)动乱，大震荡，动荡

earth sciences n. pl.  the sciences concerned with the earth or part of it, or its atmosphere (e.g. geology, oceanography, meteorology) 地球科学，地学(如地质学、海洋学、气象学)

earth-shattering adj. (also 亦作 earth-shaking) colloq.  having a traumatic or devastating effect. [口]惊天动地的，极为重大的，影响深远的 □ earth-shatteringly  adv.  

earthshine /ˈɜ:θʃain/ n. Astron.  the glow caused by sunlight reflected by the earth, esp. on the darker portion of a crescent moon 【天】地(球反)照，(尤指)反射在新月暗面呈现的微光

earthstar /ˈɜ:θstɑ:/ n.  any woodland fungus of the genus Geastrum, esp. G. triplex, with a spherical spore-containing fruit body surrounded by a fleshy star-shaped structure 量湿地星(一种林地真菌类植物)

earth tremor  see 见 TREMOR n. 3 

earthwork /ˈɜ:θwɜ:k/ n.  1  an embankment, fortification, etc., made of earth (堤防、工事等)土木工程 2  the process of excavating soil in civil engineering work 挖土方

earthworm /ˈɜ:θwɜ:m/ n.  any of various annelid worms, esp. of the genus Lumbricus or Allolobophora, living and burrowing in the ground 蚯蚓，地龙

earthy /ˈɜ:θi/ adj. (earthier, earthiest)  1  of or like earth or soil 泥土的，泥土似的 2  somewhat coarse or crude; unrefined 粗糙的，粗陋的；粗俗的；未加工的  earthy humour  粗俗的笑话 □ earthily  adv.  □ earthiness  n.  

ear-trumpet n.  a trumpet-shaped device formerly used as a hearing aid (号角状)助听装置

earwax /ˈiəwæks/ n.  a yellow waxy secretion produced by the ear Also called 亦称作 cerumen 耳屎，耳垢

earwig /ˈiəwiɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any small elongate insect of the order Dermaptera, with a pair of terminal appendages in the shape of forceps 蠼螋 2 US  a small centipede [美]地蜈蚣(一种小蜈蚣) ●v. tr. (earwigged, earwigging) archaic  influence (a person) by secret communication [古义]暗地挑拨；私下怂恿 [Old English ēarwicga, from ēare EAR1 + wicga ‘earwig’, probably related to wiggle: the earwig was once thought to crawl into the human ear]

ease /i:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  absence of difficulty; facility, effortlessness 不费气力，轻松；悠闲  did it with ease  完成得很轻松 2  a  freedom or relief from pain, anxiety, or trouble 轻松，自在；无忧无虑b  freedom from embarrassment or awkwardness 自然，随意c  freedom or relief from constraint or formality 自由，不受拘束，不拘谨 ●v.  1 tr.  relieve from pain or anxiety etc. 使轻松，使放心 often foll. by 常后跟 of: eased my mind  让我宽心，使我心情放松 eased me of the burden  使我如释重负 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, up)  a  become less painful or burdensome 减轻痛苦；畅快；释然b  relax; begin to take it easy 放松，安心c  slow down; moderate one's behaviour, habits, etc. (做事)平和；悠然，(行为举止等)和缓 3 tr. joc.  rob or extract money etc. from [诙]从…抢钱或敛钱(等)  let me ease you of your loose change  把你那些零钱全给我 4 intr. Meteorol.  become less severe 【气】(风等)减弱，减缓  the wind will ease tonight  今夜风势将会减弱 5  a tr.  relax; slacken; make a less tight fit 松弛；松开；松绑b tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, into, etc.)  move or be moved carefully into place 小心地移入或被放入  eased it into the hole  把它小心地置于洞中 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off) Stock Exch. (of shares etc.) descend in price or value 【股】股价(或股值)下跌 □ at ease   1  free from anxiety or constraint 自在，不紧张，放松 2 Mil.  a  in a relaxed attitude while on parade, with the feet apart 【军】稍息(列队时两脚分开站立)b  the order to stand in this way 稍息的口令□ at one's ease   free from embarrassment, awkwardness, or undue formality 随意；随便，无拘无束□ ease away (or down or off)  Naut.  slacken (a rope, sail, etc.) 【海】松开，解开(缆绳、帆等)□ easer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French ese, Old French eise, ultimately from Latin adjacens ADJACENT]

easeful /ˈi:zfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  that gives ease, comfort, or relief; soothing 轻松的，宽慰的；安闲的

easel /ˈi:z(ə)l/ n.  1  a standing frame, usu. of wood, for supporting an artist's work, a blackboard, etc. 画架；黑板架 2  an artist's work collectively 艺术家作品(统称) [Dutch ezel = German Esel ASS1: cf. HORSE n.]

easement /ˈi:zm(ə)nt/ n. Law  a right of way or a similar right over another's land 【法律】通道权；地役权 [Middle English from Old French aisement]

easily /ˈi:zili/ adv.  1  without difficulty 容易地，不费劲地 2  by far 很，非常，极为  easily the best  极为出色的 3  very probably 很可能，非常可能  it could easily snow  很可能会下雪

east /i:st/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  a  the point of the horizon where the sun rises at the equinoxes (cardinal point 90° to the right of north) 东，东方，东部(由正北右转 90 度角的方位)b  the compass point corresponding to this 东(罗盘上标志东方的方位点)c  the direction in which this lies 东部方向，朝东方向 2 (usu. 通常作 the East)  a Brit.  the regions or countries lying to the east of Europe [英]欧洲以东的地区与国家b hist.  the former Communist states of eastern Europe [史义]前东欧的共产党国家 3  the eastern part of a country, town, etc. (国家或城市等的)东部，东区 4 (作 East) Bridge  a player occupying the position designated ‘east’ 【桥牌】坐在确定为东首位置的人 ●adj.  1  towards, at, near, or facing east 向东的，东边(或东部)的，在东方的，临东的，朝东的 2  coming from the east 从东边来的  east wind  东风 ●adv.  1  towards, at, or near the east 朝东，向东，临东 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  further east than 更东边地 □ to the east  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  in an easterly direction 在…(之)东 [Old English ēast- from Germanic, related to Latin aurora ‘dawn’]

eastbound /ˈi:stbaʊnd/ adj.  travelling or leading eastwards 朝东的，向东行驶的

East China Sea n.  东海

East End n.  the part of London east of the City as far as the River Lea 伦敦东区(最远至利河) □ East Ender  n.  

Easter /ˈi:stə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Easter Day or Easter Sunday)  the festival (held on a variable Sunday in March or April) commemorating Christ's resurrection 复活节(每年 3 月或 4 月的某个星期日，纪念耶稣复活的节日) 2  the season in which this occurs, esp. the weekend from Good Friday to Easter Monday 复活节时节，复活节期间，(尤指)复活节那一周的整个周末(星期五至下周一) [Old English ēastre, apparently from Ēostre, the name of a goddess associated with spring, from Germanic]

Easter egg n.  an artificial usu. chocolate egg given at Easter, esp. to children 复活节彩蛋(通常为巧克力制的人工蛋，尤指分给孩子们的彩蛋)

easterly /ˈi:stəli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  in an eastern position or direction (在)东部，东方，东面(的)；向东(的) 2 (of a wind) blowing from the east (风)从东边吹来的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a wind blowing from the east 东风

eastern /ˈi:st(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or in the east; inhabiting the east 东方的，东部的，在东面的 2  lying or directed towards the east 位于东部的；朝东的 3 (作 Eastern)  of or in the Far, Middle, or Near East 远东的，中东或近东的 □ easternmost  adj.   [Old English ēasterne (as EAST, -ERN)]

Eastern Church n.  any of the Christian Churches originating in eastern Europe and the Middle East, esp. (in full 全称 Eastern Orthodox Church) the Orthodox Church (源于东欧和中东的)基督教堂；(尤指)东正教教堂

easterner /ˈi:stənə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the east 东方人；居住在东方(或部)的人

eastern hemisphere n.  the half of the earth containing Europe, Asia, and Africa 东半球(包括欧洲、亚洲和非洲)

Eastern Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Eastern Time)  1  the standard time in a zone including the eastern US and parts of Canada, five hours behind GMT 东部(标准)时间(包括美国东部与加拿大部分地区，较格林尼治标准时间晚 5 个小时) 2  the standard time in a zone including eastern Australia, ten hours ahead of GMT (包括澳大利亚东部在内的时区的)东部标准时间(较格林尼治时间早 10 个小时)

Eastertide /ˈi:stətaid/ n.  the period including Easter 复活节季节(指包括复活节在内的那段时间)

Easter week n.  the week beginning on Easter Sunday 复活节周(从复活节星期日开始的一周)

East Germanic n. & adj. ●n.  the extinct eastern group of Germanic languages, including Gothic (已消亡的)东日尔曼语(包括哥特语) ●adj.  of or relating to this group 东日尔曼语的

East Indiaman n. hist.  a large ship engaged in trade with the East Indies [史义]东印度贸易船(与东印度群岛进行贸易的大商船)

East Indies n. pl.  the islands etc. east of India, esp. the Malay archipelago 东印度群岛(印度以东的群岛，尤指马来群岛)

easting /ˈi:stiŋ/ n. Naut.  etc. the distance travelled or the angle of longitude measured eastward from either a defined north-south grid line or a meridian 【海】东距；东向航程(从南北子午线任意一点向东跨越的距离或夹角)

east-north-east n.  the direction or compass point midway between east and north-east 东东北(罗盘上东部方位与东北方位之间的方位)

east-south-east n.  the direction or compass point midway between east and south-east 东东南(罗盘上东部方位与东南方位之间的方位)

East Timor /ˌi:stˈti:mɔ:(r)/ n.  东帝汶 [亚洲]

eastward /ˈi:stwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (also 亦作 eastwards)  towards the east 朝东(的)，向东(的) ●n.  an eastward direction or region 朝东的方向或地区 □ eastwardly  adj. & adv.  

East-West attrib. adj.  of or relating to countries of the East and the West 东西方(国家)的  East-West relations  东西方关系

easy /ˈi:zi/ adj., adv. & int. ●adj. (easier, easiest)  1  not difficult; achieved without great effort 容易的，不费劲的 2  a  free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, etc. 轻松的，舒畅的，无忧无虑的b  comfortably off, affluent 舒适的；富裕的；安逸的  easy circumstances  舒适的环境 3  free from embarrassment, awkwardness, constraint, etc.; relaxed and pleasant 随意的，轻松的，松弛的；舒畅的  an easy manner  轻松、潇洒的举止 4  compliant, obliging; easily persuaded 温顺的；与人方便的，易说服的  an easy touch  易被说服的人 5 Stock Exch. (of goods, money on loan, etc.) not much in demand 【股】(商品、贷款等)需求量不大的，不抢手的 ●adv. (easier, easiest)  with ease; in an effortless or relaxed manner 悠闲自如地，潇洒轻松地 ●int.  go carefully; move gently 小心翼翼地行走，慢慢移动 □ easy as pie   see 见 PIE1 □ easy come easy go  colloq.  what is easily got is soon lost or spent [口]来得容易，去得也快□ easy does it  colloq.  go carefully [口]慢慢地走；小心地走□ easy of access   easily entered or approached 很容易进入或接近□ easy on the eye (or ear etc.)  colloq.  pleasant to look at (or listen to etc.) [口]赏心悦目的；悦耳动听的□ go easy  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, on)  be sparing or cautious 节俭的；小心谨慎□ I'm easy  colloq.  I have no preference [口]我很随和，不挑剔什么□ of easy virtue  (of a woman) sexually promiscuous (指女人)性关系混乱的；水性杨花的□ stand easy!  Brit. Mil.  permission to a squad standing at ease to relax their attitude further [英]【军】(口令)休息！ (比稍息更自由，更随便些)□ take it easy   1  proceed gently or carefully 别紧张，从容不迫地去做 2  relax; avoid overwork 休息一下，别过于劳累□ easiness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French aisé, Old French aisié, past part. of aisier EASE]

easy chair n.  a large comfortable chair, usu. an armchair 安乐椅(通常指扶手椅)

easygoing /i:ziˈɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1  placid and tolerant; relaxed in manner; accepting things as they are 脾气随和的，随遇而安的 2 (of a horse) having an easy gait (马)步法平稳轻松的

easy money n.  money got without effort (esp. of dubious legality) 不费力气得来的钱(尤指怀疑是非法获得的钱财)

easy-peasy /i:ziˈpi:zi/ adj. Brit. slang  very simple [英] [俚语]非常简单，太容易了 [reduplication of EASY]

Easy Street n. colloq.  affluence [口]富裕，富足

easy terms n. pl.  payment by instalments 分期付款

easy touch n. slang  a gullible person, esp. one easily induced to part with money [俚语]容易受骗的人，(尤指)易被诱使掏腰包的人

eat /i:t/ v. (past ate /et, eit/; past part. eaten /ˈi:t(ə)n/)  1  a tr.  take into the mouth, chew, and swallow (food) 吃，咀嚼；吞咽(食物)b intr.  consume food; take a meal 吃饭，就餐c tr.  devour 咬，吞噬  eaten by a lion  被狮子吞噬 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 (away) at, into)  a  destroy gradually, esp. by corrosion, erosion, disease, etc. 逐渐毁掉，耗尽；毁坏(尤指因风化、侵蚀、疾病等所致)b  begin to consume or diminish (resources etc.) 开始消耗，耗尽(资源等) 3 tr. colloq.  trouble, vex [口]麻烦事，烦扰  what's eating you?  什么事使你烦心？ □ eat dirt   see 见 DIRT □ eat one's hat  colloq.  admit one's surprise in being wrong (only as a proposition unlikely to be fulfilled) [口]对自身犯错误表示惊异时的用语(只作为一种誓言、诅咒而无须兑现): said he would eat his hat 他说要是他…的话，就砍他的头□ eat one's heart out   suffer from excessive longing or envy 苦苦向往，极度渴望；非常羡慕□ eat humble pie   see 见 HUMBLE □ eat out   have a meal away from home, esp. in a restaurant 上饭馆，下馆子，出去吃，(尤指)在餐馆里就餐□ eat out of a person's hand   be entirely submissive to a person 完全听从于某人，完全受某人支配□ eat salt with   see 见 SALT □ eat up   1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  eat or consume completely 吃光，吃完；耗尽 2  use or deal with rapidly or wastefully 很快用完，处理完；挥霍掉  eats up petrol  把汽油用尽 eats up the miles  迅速驶完 3  encroach upon or annex 侵占，占取  eating up the neighbouring states  蚕食，侵占周边国家(领土) 4  absorb, preoccupy 吞没；困扰；缠住；充满  eaten up with pride  骄傲得不行，骄傲之极□ eat one's words   admit that one was wrong 承认错误，收回讲过的话 [Old English etan, from Germanic]

eatable /ˈi:təb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that is in a condition to be eaten (cf. 参见 EDIBLE) 可食用的，可吃的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  food 食物，食品

eater /ˈi:tə/ n.  1  a person who eats 食客，用餐者  a big eater  饭量大的人 2 Brit.  an eating apple etc. [英]生食的苹果(区别于烹饪用的果品)

eatery /ˈi:təri/ n. esp. N. Amer. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a restaurant or eating place [尤北美口]饭馆，餐厅；用餐场所

eating /ˈi:tiŋ/ adj.  1  suitable for eating 适合食用的，适合生食的  eating apple  生食的苹果 2  used for eating 进餐用的  eating house  餐馆，饮食店，饭馆 3  of or relating to the process of eating 与吃有关的，与进餐有关的  eating habits  饮食习惯，进餐习惯 eating disorders  饮食失调

eats /i:ts/ n. pl. colloq.  food [口]食物，食品

eau de Cologne /əʊ də kəˈləʊn/ n.  an alcohol-based perfume of a kind made originally at Cologne 古龙(或科隆)香水(一种以酒精为基料的香水，始产于法国科隆) [French, literally ‘water of Cologne’]

eau-de-Nil /əʊdəˈni:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pale greenish colour 浅绿色，淡绿色 ●adj.  of this colour 淡绿色的，浅绿色的 [French, literally ‘water of the Nile’ (from the supposed resemblance)]

eau-de-vie /əʊdəˈvi:/ n.  spirits, esp. brandy 白酒，(尤指)白兰地(酒) [French, literally ‘water of life’]

eaves /i:vz/ n. pl.  the underside of a projecting roof 屋檐 [originally sing., from Old English efes: probably related to OVER]

eavesdrop /ˈi:vzdrɒp/ v. intr. (-dropped, -dropping)  listen secretly to a private conversation 偷听，窃听(私人谈话) □ eavesdropper  n.   [from an earlier noun eavesdrop ‘the ground on to which water drips from the eaves’, probably from Old Norse upsardropi; eavesdropper originally ‘a person who listens by the wall (in the eavesdrop)’: the modern verb by back-formation from eavesdropper]

ebb /eb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the movement of the tide out to sea 落潮，退潮 also 亦作 attrib.: ebb tide  落潮 2  the process of draining away of flood-water etc. (洪水等)回落，退去 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  1 (of tidewater) flow out to sea; recede; drain away (潮水)退落；低落，退去 2  decline; run low 衰落；行将用尽  his life was ebbing away  他的生命正在耗尽 □ at a low ebb   in a poor condition or state of decline 处于低潮，潦倒，衰退□ ebb and flow   a continuing process of decline and upturn in circumstances 盛衰，消长，起伏□ on the ebb   in decline 正在衰退，走下坡路 [Old English ebba, ebbian]

ebonite /ˈebənait/ n.  = VULCANITE  [EBONY + -ITE1]

ebony /ˈeb(ə)ni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a heavy hard dark wood used for furniture 乌木(用于制造家具的硬黑木) 2  any of various tropical trees of the genus Diospyros producing this 乌木树(热带柿属乔木) ●adj.  1  made of ebony 乌木制的 2  black like ebony 黑如乌木的；漆黑发亮的 [ultimately from Latin ebenus, Greek ebenos ‘ebony tree’, perhaps on the pattern of ivory]

ebullient /iˈbʌljənt, -ˈbʊl-/ adj.  1  exuberant, high-spirited 奔放的，洋溢的，情绪高昂的 2 Chem.  boiling 【化】沸腾的 □ ebullience  n.  □ ebulliency  n.  □ ebulliently  adv.   [Latin ebullire ebullient- ‘bubble out’ (as E-, bullire ‘boil’)]

EC abbr. [缩略]  1  East Central (London postal district) 伦敦东区中央邮(政)区 2  executive committee 执行委员会 3  a  European Community 欧共体(欧洲共同体)b  European Commission 欧洲委员会■Usage 用法说明 The term EC meaning ‘European Community’ was replaced by EU ‘European Union’ in November 1993. 表示欧共体的缩写“ EC ”于 1993 年 11 月由缩写“ EU ” (European Union 欧洲联盟)取代。 

ecad /ˈi:kæd/ n. Ecol.  an organism modified by its environment 【态】适应(环境)型(生物) [Greek oikos ‘house’ + -AD1]

Ecce Homo /ekei ˈhɒməʊ, ˈhəʊməʊ/ n. Art (in Renaissance painting) a depiction of Christ wearing the crown of thorns 【艺术】戴荆冠的耶稣画像(见于文艺复兴时期的绘画) [Latin, = ‘behold the man’, the words of Pilate to the Jews after the crowning with thorns (John 19:5)]

eccentric /ikˈsentrik, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  odd or capricious in behaviour or appearance; whimsical (行为、举止、装扮)古怪的，怪诞的 2 (also 亦作 excentric)  a  not placed, not having its axis etc. placed centrally (cf. 参见 CONCENTRIC) 偏心的，轴心不在正中的b (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a circle) not concentric (with another) (圆)不同心的c (of an orbit) not circular (天体运行轨道)非圆形的，非正圆的 ●n.  1  an eccentric person 古怪的人，怪诞的人 2 (also 亦作 excentric) Mech.  an eccentric contrivance for changing rotatory into backward-and-forward motion, e.g. the cam used in an internal-combustion engine 【机】偏心轮(可将圆周运动转换为往复运动，如内燃机中的凸轮轴) □ eccentrically  adv.  □ eccentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Late Latin eccentricus from Greek ekkentros, from ek ‘out of’ + kentros CENTRE]

ecchymosis /ekiˈməʊsis/ n. (pl. ecchymoses /-si:z/) Med.  an area of discoloration due to bleeding under the skin 【医】(由于皮下出血造成的)淤斑，出血斑 [modern Latin from Greek ekkhumōsis ‘escape of blood’]

Eccles. abbr.  Ecclesiastes (Old Testament) [缩略] 《传道书》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

Eccles cake /ˈek(ə)lz/ n. Brit.  a round flat cake made of pastry filled with currants etc. [英]一种以葡萄干等做馅的小圆饼 [Eccles, a town in N. England]

ecclesial /iˈkli:zj(ə)l/ adj.  = ECCLESIASTICAL  [Greek ekklesia ‘assembly, church’ via ekklētos ‘summoned out’ from ek ‘out’ + kaleō ‘call’]

ecclesiastic /iˌkli:ziˈæstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a priest or clergyman (基督教的)牧师，(天主教的)神职人员 ●adj.  = ECCLESIASTICAL  □ ecclesiasticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [French ecclésiastique or Late Latin ecclesiasticus from Greek ekklēsiastikos, from ekklēsia ‘assembly, church’: see ECCLESIAL]

ecclesiastical /iˌkli:ziˈæstik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the Church or the clergy 教会的，教堂的 □ ecclesiastically  adv.  

ecclesiology /iˌkli:ziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of churches, esp. church building and decoration 教会学；(尤指)教堂建筑学和教堂装饰学 2  theology as applied to the nature and structure of the Christian Church 教会方针(有关基督教会本性与组织结构的神学理论) □ ecclesiological  /-ziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ecclesiologist  n.   [Greek ekklēsia ‘assembly, church’ (see ECCLESIAL) + -LOGY]

Ecclus. abbr.  Ecclesiasticus (Apocrypha) [缩略] (杜埃版《圣经》中的)《便西拉智训》

eccrine /ˈekrain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland, e.g. a sweat gland) secreting without loss of cell material (腺体，如汗腺)外分泌的 [Greek ek ‘out of’ + krinō ‘sift’]

ecdysis /ˈekdisis, ekˈdaisis/ n.  the action of casting off skin or shedding an exoskeleton etc. (动物的)蜕皮；换羽 [modern Latin from Greek ekdusis, from ekduō ‘put off’]

ECG abbr. [缩略]  electrocardiogram 

echelon /ˈeʃəlɒn, ˈeiʃ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a level or rank in an organization, in society, etc.; those occupying it (组织、社会中的)等级；梯队；阶层 often in pl. 常用复数 : the upper echelons  上级，高层 2 Mil.  a formation of troops, ships, aircraft, etc., in parallel rows with the end of each row projecting further than the one in front 【军】(部队、舰船、飞机等排列的)梯形队形，梯队，梯次配置  in echelon  成梯队的，梯次配置的 ●v. tr.  arrange in an echelon 列成梯队，使成梯次配置 [French échelon from échelle ‘ladder’, from Latin scala]

echeveria /etʃiˈviəriə/ n.  any succulent plant of the genus Echeveria, native to Central and S. America 拟石莲花属植物(产于中南美洲) [named after M. Echeveri, 19th-c. Mexican botanical illustrator Echeveri]

echidna /iˈkidnə/ n.  an egg-laying insectivorous mammal of the genus Tachyglossus or Zaglossus, native to Australia and New Guinea, with a covering of spines, a long snout, and long claws Also called 亦称作 spiny anteater 针鼹(一种卵胎生食蚁兽，产于澳大利亚与新几内亚) [modern Latin, from Greek ekhidna ‘viper’]

echinoderm /iˈkainə(ʊ)dɜ:m, ˈekin-/ n.  any marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfishes, sea urchins, brittle-stars, crinoids, and sea cucumbers, typically having five-fold symmetry, a calcareous skeleton, and tube feet operated by water pressure 棘皮动物(海洋中的无脊椎动物，包括海星、海胆、海蛇尾、海百合、海参等，其特征为五辐对称结构，石灰质骨胳和由水压驱动的管足) [ECHINUS + Greek derma -atos ‘skin’]

echinoid /ˈekinɔid/ n.  a sea urchin 海胆

echinus /iˈkainəs/ n.  1  any sea urchin of the genus Echinus, including the common European edible urchin, E. esculentus 海胆类动物；刺海胆(包括常见的欧洲可食用海胆) 2 Archit.  a rounded moulding below an abacus on a Doric or Ionic capital 【建】多立斯式或伊奥尼亚式柱头下的钟形装饰(线条) [Middle English via Latin from Greek ekhinos ‘hedgehog, sea urchin’]

echo /ˈekəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  the repetition of a sound by the reflection of sound waves 回声，回音；反响b  the secondary sound produced 共鸣声 2  a reflected radio or radar beam 无线电台或雷达的反射波，回波 3  a close imitation or repetition of something already done (对已做过的东西的)仿效；重复 4  a person who slavishly repeats the words or opinions of another 应声虫，附和者 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  circumstances or events reminiscent of or remotely connected with earlier ones 使回忆起旧物或与之依稀联系的环境或事件 6 Bridge  etc. a conventional mode of play to show the number of cards held in the suit led etc. 【桥牌】打回应牌(一种约定打法，显示所出花色的张数) ●v. (-oes, -oed)  1 intr.  a (of a place) resound with an echo (场地)产生回音，有回声b (of a sound) be repeated; resound (声音)回荡，回响 2 tr.  repeat (a sound) by an echo 发出(…的)回声 3 tr.  a  repeat (another's words) 重复他人话语或言词b  imitate the words, opinions, or actions of (a person) 模仿(他人的)言语、思想或行为 □ echoer  n.  □ echoless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French or Latin from Greek ēkhō, related to ēkhē ‘a sound’]

echocardiogram /ekəʊˈkɑ:diəɡræm/ n. Med.  a record produced by echocardiography 【医】超声心动图，心回波图

echocardiography /ˌekəʊkɑ:diˈɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  the use of ultrasound waves to investigate the action of the heart 【医】超声心动技术，心回波描记术 □ echocardiograph  /ekəʊˈkɑ:diəɡrɑ:f/ n.  □ echocardiographer  n.  

echo chamber n.  an enclosure with sound-reflecting walls 回声室

echoencephalogram /ˌekəʊenˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n. Med.  a record produced by echoencephalography 【医】脑回波图

echoencephalography /ˌekəʊensefəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  the use of ultrasound waves to investigate intracranial structures 【医】脑回波描记术

echoey /ˈekəʊi/ adj.  of or like an echo; resounding with echoes 像回声的，回荡的，共鸣的

echogram /ˈekəʊɡræm/ n.  a record made by an echo sounder 超声回波图

echograph /ˈekəʊɡrɑ:f/ n.  a device for automatically recording echograms 回声自动记录仪

echoic /eˈkəʊik/ adj. (of a word) imitating the sound it represents; onomatopoeic (词语)拟声的，拟音的 □ echoically  adv.  

echoism /ˈekəʊiz(ə)m/ n.  = ONOMATOPOEIA 

echolalia /ekəʊˈleiliə/ n.  1  the meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words 无意义的学舌，模仿言语 2  the repetition of speech by a child learning to talk (儿童学话时的)言语重复，牙牙学语 [modern Latin, from Greek ēkhō ‘echo’ + lalia ‘talk’]

echolocation /ˈekə(ʊ)lə(ʊ)ˌkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the location of objects by reflected sound, esp. ultrasound 回声定位(通过反射声波测定的物体位置)，(尤指)超声波定位

echo sounder n.  a sounding apparatus for determining the depth of the sea beneath a ship by measuring the time taken for an echo to be received 声呐；回波探测仪 □ echo-sounding  n. (often 常作 attrib.)  

echo verse n.  a verse form in which a line repeats the last syllables of the previous line 回韵诗(每行与上一行末尾音节押韵的诗)

echovirus /ˈekəʊvairəs/ n. (also 亦作 ECHO virus)  any of a group of enteroviruses sometimes causing mild meningitis, encephalitis, etc. 艾柯病毒，人肠道孤病毒 [from enteric cytopathogenic human orphan (because not originally assignable to any known disease) + VIRUS]

echt /ext, 德 eçt/ adj.  authentic, genuine, typical 真实的，真正的；典型的 [German]

eclampsia /iˈklæm(p)siə/ n.  a condition involving convulsions leading to coma, occurring esp. in pregnant women 惊厥；子痫，(尤指)孕妇子痫 □ eclamptic  adj.   [modern Latin via French eclampsie from Greek eklampsis ‘sudden development’, from eklampō ‘shine forth’]

eclectic /iˈklektik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  deriving ideas, tastes, style, etc., from various sources (主意、兴趣、风格等)多方汲取的，从多方面获取的 2 Philos. & Art  selecting one's beliefs etc. from various sources; attached to no particular school of philosophy 【哲】【艺术】(信仰等)兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的，不依附于某一哲学流派的 ●n.  1  an eclectic person 兼收并蓄者 2  a person who subscribes to an eclectic school of thought 赞成兼收并蓄学说的人，折中主义者 □ eclectically  adv.  □ eclecticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek eklektikos from eklegō ‘pick out’]

eclipse /iˈklips/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination 食(月食、日食等天文现象) 2  a deprivation of light or the period of this 晦暗，光线被遮暗的时刻 3  a rapid or sudden loss of importance or prominence, esp. in relation to another or a newly arrived person or thing 黯然失色，(声誉、地位等)突然暗淡(尤指由于另一新人或新事物的出现而造成的失色或暗淡) 4 Zool.  a phase during which a bird's distinctive markings are obscured by moulting of the breeding plumage 【动】(鸟类因换羽而造成的)羽毛色彩暗淡的时期 ●v. tr.  1 (of a celestial body) obscure the light from or to (another) (指天体)遮掩(其他天体发出的或向其投射的)光 2  intercept (light, esp. of a lighthouse) 一明一暗的变化，遮暗间歇(指光线，尤指灯塔上的光) 3  deprive of prominence or importance; outshine, surpass 使失去光彩或重要性，使失色，超越 □ in eclipse   1  surpassed; in decline 被超越；逐渐衰退；失势 2 (of a bird) having lost its breeding plumage (鸟类)失去繁殖季节的羽毛 [Middle English via Old French and Latin from Greek ekleipsis, from ekleipō ‘fail to appear, be eclipsed’, from leipō ‘leave’]

eclipsing binary n.  a binary star whose brightness varies periodically as the two components pass one in front of the other 食双星，食变星(一种双星天体，一颗星的亮度会因另一颗星的遮掩发生周期性的变化)

ecliptic /iˈkliptik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the sun's apparent path among the stars during the year 黄道 ●adj.  of an eclipse or the ecliptic 黄道的；(日、月等)食的 [Middle English via Latin from Greek ekleiptikos (as ECLIPSE)]

eclogue /ˈeklɒɡ/ n.  a short poem, esp. a pastoral dialogue 牧歌，(尤指)对话式的田园诗 [Latin ecloga from Greek eklogē ‘selection’, from eklegō ‘pick out’]

eclosion /iˈkləʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg (昆虫的)羽化；孵化 [French éclosion from éclore ‘hatch’ (as EX-1, Latin claudere ‘to close’)]

eco- /ˈi:kəʊ, ˈekəʊ/ comb. form  ecology, ecological [构词成分]生态学；生态的

ecocide /ˈi:kə(ʊ)said/ n.  destruction of the natural environment 生态毁灭，生态灭绝 [ECO- + -CIDE]

ecoclimate /ˈi:kəʊklaimət/ n.  climate considered as an ecological factor 生态气候

eco-friendly /i:kəʊˈfren(d)li/ adj.  not harmful to the environment 生态友好的，对生态有益的

eco-label /ˈi:kəʊleib(ə)l/ n.  a label identifying manufactured products that satisfy certain environmental conditions 生态产品标记，环保产品标识 □ eco-labelling  n.  

ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi, e-/ n.  1  the branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings 生态学，环境生物学 2 (in full 全称 human ecology)  the study of the interaction of people with their environment 人类生态学(研究人与自然环境相互作用的学科) □ ecological  /i:kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  □ ecologically  /i:kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li, ek-/ adv.  □ ecologist  n.   [German Ökologie, from Greek oikos ‘house’]

Econ. abbr. [缩略]  Economics 

econometrics /iˌkɒnəˈmetriks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a branch of economics concerned with the application of mathematical economics to economic data by the use of statistics 计量经济学 □ econometric  adj.  □ econometrical  adj.  □ econometrician  /-məˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ econometrist  n.   [ECONOMY + -METRIC]

economic /i:kəˈnɒmik, ek-/ adj.  1  of or relating to economics 经济(上)的，经济学的 2  maintained for profit; on a business footing 为获利而保持的，出于经济利益的 3  adequate to repay or recoup expenditure with some profit 合算的，有利可图的，有赚头的  not economic to run buses on Sunday  星期日运营公共汽车不合算 an economic rent  合算的租金 4  practical; considered or studied with regard to human needs 实用的，有关国计民生的  economic geography  经济地理 □ economically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French economique or Latin oeconomicus from Greek oikonomikos (as ECONOMY)]

economical /i:kəˈnɒmik(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  sparing in the use of resources; avoiding waste 经济的；节省的，节俭的，节约的 □ economically  adv.  

economics /i:kəˈnɒmiks, ek-/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  a  the science of the production and distribution of wealth 经济学b  the application of this to a particular subject (部门)经济学  the economics of publishing  出版经济学 2  the condition of a country etc. as regards material prosperity (国家等的)经济状况；经济意义

economies of scale n. pl.  proportionate savings gained by using larger quantities 规模经济学

economist /iˈkɒnəmist/ n.  1  an expert in or student of economics 经济学家；修读经济学的学生 2  a person who manages financial or economic matters 经济师 [Greek oikonomos (as ECONOMY) + -IST]

economize /iˈkɒnəmaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  be economical; make economies; reduce expenditure 使经济，使合算；降低…的费用 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  use sparingly; spend less on 节俭使用，少花费，少开销 □ economization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ economizer  n.  

economy /iˈkɒnəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the wealth and resources of a community, esp. in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services 经济(一个社区的财富和资源，尤指通过商品和服务的生产、消费体现出来的经济情况)b  a particular kind of this 某一类型的经济  a capitalist economy  资本主义经济c  the administration or condition of an economy 经济管理；经济状况 2  a  the careful management of (esp. financial) resources; frugality (尤指财政方面)节约(资源等)，节省b (often in pl. 常用复数)  an instance of this 节约，节省  made many economies  作了很多节约 3  sparing or careful use 节省；简练；精练  economy of language  语言精练 4 (also 亦作 economy class)  the cheapest class of air travel (客机上最便宜的)经济舱，二等舱 5 (also 亦作 economy-size) (作 attrib.) (of goods) consisting of a large quantity for a proportionally lower cost (指商品)经济包装的，整包的，整箱的，批量的(比一般包装大，价格相对低廉) [French économie or Latin oeconomia from Greek oikonomia ‘household management’, from oikos ‘house’ + nemō ‘manage’]

ecosphere /ˈi:kəʊsfiə/ n.  1  the region of space including planets where conditions are such that living things can exist 生物圈(宇宙中包括星球等适合生命生存的区域)；生态圈(或层) 2  = BIOSPHERE 

ecosystem /ˈi:kəʊsistəm/ n.  a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment 生态系统

eco-terrorism /i:kəʊˈterəriz(ə)m/ n.  violence carried out to further environmentalist ends 生态恐怖主义(指环保分子使用暴力手段来达到自己的目的) □ eco-terrorist  n.  

ecotourism /i:kəʊˈtʊəriz(ə)m/ n.  tourism directed towards exotic, often threatened, natural environments, esp. intended to support conservation efforts 生态旅游(尤指为支持环保而组织的旅游) □ ecotourist  n.  

ecotype /ˈi:kəʊtaip/ n. Biol.  a distinct form of a species occupying a particular habitat 【生】生态型

ecru /ˈeikru:, eˈkru:/ n. & adj. ●n.  the colour of unbleached linen; light fawn 未漂白的亚麻色，浅褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 浅褐色的，亚麻色的 [French écru ‘unbleached’]

ecstasize /ˈekstəsaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  throw or go into ecstasies (使)狂喜，(使)心醉神迷

ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an overwhelming feeling of joy or rapture 狂喜，心花怒放 2 Psychol.  an emotional or religious frenzy or trance-like state 【心】出神，狂喜的样子，恍惚的状态 3 (usu. 通常作 Ecstasy) slang  methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a powerful stimulant and hallucinatory drug (see 见 MDMA) [俚语]迷魂药，摇头丸，亚甲基二氧甲基麻黄碱 [Middle English via Old French extasie and Late Latin extasis from Greek ekstasis ‘standing outside oneself’, from ek ‘out’ + histēmi ‘to place’]

ecstatic /ikˈstætik, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in a state of ecstasy 狂喜的；恍惚的，出神的 2  very enthusiastic or excited 欣喜若狂的，高兴不已的  was ecstatic about his new job  他对新工作欣喜若狂 3  producing ecstasy; sublime 令人出神的，让人心醉神迷的  an ecstatic embrace  让人发狂的拥抱 ●n.  a person subject to (usu. religious) ecstasy 心醉神迷的人，狂热分子(通常由宗教情绪所致) □ ecstatically  adv.   [French extatique from Greek ekstatikos (as ECSTASY)]

ECT abbr.  electroconvulsive therapy [缩略]电休克疗法

ecto- /ˈektəʊ/ prefix  outside 外面的 [Greek ekto-, stem of ektos ‘outside’]

ectoderm /ˈektə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n. Zool.  the outermost layer of an embryo in early development 【动】(胚胎早期发育中的)外胚层 □ ectodermal  /-ˈdɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  

ectogenesis /ektə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the production of structures outside the organism 【生】体外培育，体外发育 □ ectogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ ectogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ ectogenous  /ekˈtɒdʒinəs/ adj.   [modern Latin (as ECTO-, GENESIS)]

ectomorph /ˈektə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  a person with a lean and delicate build of body and large skin surface in comparison with weight (cf. 参见 ENDOMORPH, MESOMORPH) 瘦削体型的人，外胚层体型的人 □ ectomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ ectomorphy  n.   [ECTO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

-ectomy /ˈektəmi/ comb. form  denoting a surgical operation in which a part of the body is removed (appendectomy 阑尾切除术) [构词成分]表示“…切除术”，“…截除术” [Greek ektomē ‘excision’, from ek ‘out’ + temnō ‘cut’]

ectoparasite /ektəʊˈpærəsait/ n. Biol.  a parasite that lives on the outside of its host 【生】体外寄生虫，体表寄生虫

ectopic /ekˈtɒpik/ adj. Med.  in an abnormal place or position 【医】器官等异位(不在正常位置)的 [modern Latin ectopia from Greek ektopos ‘out of place’]

ectopic pregnancy n.  a pregnancy occurring outside the womb 异位妊娠，宫外孕

ectoplasm /ˈektə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  1  the dense outer layer of the cytoplasm (cf. 参见 ENDOPLASM) 外质(致密的细胞质外层) 2  a supposed viscous substance exuding from the body of a medium during a spiritualistic trance 神灵的外质(据说是降神术中灵媒在恍惚状态中分泌出的一种黏性物质) □ ectoplasmic  /-ˈplæzmik/ adj.  

ecu /ˈekju:, ˈi:-, ˈei-; -ku:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ecus) (also 亦作 Ecu, ECU)  European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位 [acronym]

Ecuador   厄瓜多尔

Ecuadorian /ˈekwədɔ:riən/ adj. & n.  厄瓜多尔的(人)

ecumenical /i:kjʊˈmenik(ə)l, e-/ adj.  of or representing the whole Christian world, esp. seeking or promoting worldwide Christian unity 全基督教的(尤指寻求或促进全世界基督教大统一的) □ ecumenically  adv.   [Late Latin oecumenicus from Greek oikoumenikos ‘of the inhabited earth’ (oikoumenē)]

ecumenism /iˈkju:məniz(ə)m/ n.  the principle or aim of the unity of Christians worldwide, transcending differences of doctrine 普世教会主义

eczema /ˈeksimə, ˈekzimə/ n.  inflammation of the skin, with itching and discharge from blisters 湿疹 □ eczematous  /ekˈzi:mətəs, ekˈzem-/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek ekzema -atos, from ek ‘out’ + zeō ‘boil’]

Ed /ed/   埃德 [人名]

ed. abbr. [缩略]  1  edited by 由…编辑 2  edition  3  editor  4  educated; education 

-ed1 /d, id, t/ suffix forming adjectives 构成形容词 :  1  from nouns, meaning ‘having, wearing, affected by, etc.’ (talented 有才能的 ; trousered 穿裤子的 ; diseased 染病的) 加在名词后，表示“具有…的”；“穿戴…的”；“受…影响的”等 2  from phrases of adjective and noun (good-humoured 好脾气的 ; three-cornered 三个角的) 加在由形容词和名词构成的词组后 [Old English -ede]

-ed2 /d, id, t/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  the past tense and past participle of weak verbs (needed; risked) 弱变化动词的过去式和过去分词 2  participial adjectives (escaped prisoner 逃犯 ; a pained look 痛苦的表情) 动词过去分词，作形容词用 [Old English -ed, -ad, -od]

Edam /ˈi:dæm/ n.  a round Dutch cheese, usu. pale yellow with a red wax coating 埃丹(红壳)干酪(一种球形荷兰奶酪，通常为淡黄色，有红色的蜡状涂层) [Edam, a town in the Netherlands, where it is made]

edaphic /iˈdæfik/ adj.  1 Bot.  of or relating to the soil 【植】土壤的，泥土的 2 Ecol.  produced or influenced by the soil 【态】产于土壤中的；受土壤影响的 [German edaphisch, from Greek edaphos ‘floor’]

Edda /ˈedə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Elder Edda, Poetic Edda)  a collection of medieval Icelandic poems on Norse legends 《埃达》(有关北欧传说的中世纪冰岛诗集) 2 (also 亦作 Younger Edda, Prose Edda)  a 13th-c. miscellaneous handbook to Icelandic poetry 《新埃达》(《散文埃达》) (一部 13 世纪的冰岛诗歌集) [perhaps a name in a Norse poem or from Old Norse óthr ‘poetry’]

Eddie /ˈedi/   埃迪 [人名]

eddo /ˈedəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  = TARO  [West African word]

Eddy /ˈedi/   埃迪 [人名]

eddy /ˈedi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a circular movement of water causing a small whirlpool 旋涡，涡流 2  a movement of wind, fog, or smoke resembling this 风，雾或烟的旋涡状运动 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  whirl round in eddies (使)打旋儿，(使)起旋涡，旋转 [probably Old English prefix ed- ‘again, back’, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

eddy current n. Electr.  a localized current induced in a conductor by a varying magnetic field 【电】涡(电)流

edelweiss /ˈeid(ə)lvais/ n.  an Alpine plant, Leontopodium alpinum, with woolly white bracts around the flower heads, growing in rocky places 雪绒花，火绒草 [German from edel ‘noble’ + weiss ‘white’]

edema US var.  of OEDEMA [美] OEDEMA 的变体

Eden /ˈi:d(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 Garden of Eden)  a place or state of great happiness; paradise (with reference to the abode of Adam and Eve in the biblical account of the Creation) 伊甸园，天堂乐园(《圣经·创世记》中亚当与夏娃居住的家园) [Middle English via Late Latin and Greek Ēdēn from Hebrew ‘ēden’, originally = delight]

edentate /iˈdenteit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having no or few teeth 无齿的；牙齿稀少的 2 Zool.  of or belonging to the order Edentata (or Xenarthra) of mammals lacking incisor and canine teeth, including anteaters, sloths, and armadillos 【动】贫齿目的(没有门齿和犬齿的，包括食蚁兽、树懒、犰狳等) ●n. Zool.  an edentate mammal 【动】贫齿目(哺乳)动物 [Latin edentatus (as E-, dens dentis ‘tooth’)]

Edgar /ˈedgə/   埃德加 [人名]

edge /edʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a boundary line or margin of an area or surface 边缘，边界，界限 2  a narrow surface of a thin object 狭边，沿 3  the meeting-line of two surfaces of a solid 棱，棱角 4  a  the sharpened side of the blade of a cutting instrument or weapon 锋，刃，刀口b  the sharpness of this 锋利，尖锐，锐利  the knife has lost its edge  这把刀已经没刃了 5  the area close to a steep drop 悬崖，峭壁，陡壁  along the edge of the cliff  沿着峭壁边缘 6  anything compared to an edge, esp. the crest of a ridge 类似边或沿的 , (尤指)屋脊 7  a (as a personal attribute) incisiveness, excitement (指一个人个性的)机敏，敏锐b  keenness, excitement (esp. as an element in an otherwise routine situation) (尤指在平常情况中表现出的)热切，兴奋，敏锐 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into, out, etc.)  move gradually or furtively towards an objective 徐徐靠近；挤，逼；暗中接近  edged it into the corner  把它逐渐挤到角落里 they edged towards the door  他们偷偷向门口挪动 2 tr.  a  provide with an edge or border 加边于，划出边线b  form a border to 在…形成边c  trim the edge of 修饰…的边线 3 tr.  sharpen (a knife, tool, etc.) 磨(刀或工具等)，使锐利，使锋利 4 tr. Cricket  strike (the ball) with the edge of the bat 【板球】用球板的边击球 □ have the edge on (or over)   have a slight advantage over 略占优势，稍占上风□ on edge   1  tense and restless or irritable 紧张的；不安的 2  eager, excited 渴望的；热切的□ on the edge of   almost involved in or affected by 几乎要…，差点就…□ set a person's teeth on edge  (of a taste or sound) cause an unpleasant nervous sensation (味道或声音)让人心烦意乱的，让人不舒服的□ take the edge off   dull, weaken; make less effective or intense 使钝；削弱；挫…的锐气□ edgeless  adj.  □ edger  n.   [Old English ecg, from Germanic]

edge-tool n.  1  a hand-worked or machine-operated cutting tool (手动)切削工具；切削机械 2  any implement with a sharp cutting edge 有锋利刃口的工具和设备

edgeways /ˈedʒweiz/ adv. (also 亦作 edgewise /-waiz/)  1  with the edge uppermost or towards the viewer 边或沿朝上或朝前 2  edge to edge 边对边地，边和沿相对地 □ get a word in edgeways   contribute to a conversation when the dominant speaker pauses briefly 插话，插嘴

edging /ˈedʒiŋ/ n.  1  something forming an edge or border, e.g. a fringe or strip of lace 边，缘，边饰；饰边(如边饰或花边的流苏) 2  the process of making an edge 镶边，修边

edging shears n. pl.  shears for trimming the edges of a lawn 草坪边缘修剪器；修边剪刀

edgy /ˈedʒi/ adj. (edgier, edgiest)  1  irritable; nervously anxious 恼怒的；烦躁的；紧张的 2  sharp-edged, not smooth 边缘锐利的，清晰的，不平滑的  edgy rhythms  清晰的节奏 □ edgily  adv.  □ edginess  n.  

edh var.  of ETH  ETH 的变体

edible /ˈedib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  fit or suitable to be eaten (cf. 参见 EATABLE) 可食用的，适于食用的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  food 食品，食物 □ edibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin edibilis from edere ‘eat’]

edict /ˈi:dikt/ n.  an order proclaimed by authority (官方的)命令；布告 □ edictal  /iˈdikt(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin edictum, from edicere ‘proclaim’]

edifice /ˈedifis/ n.  1  a building, esp. a large imposing one 大楼，大厦(尤指庄严雄伟的建筑物) 2  a complex organizational or conceptual structure (思想、知识等的)复杂的体系和结构 [Middle English via Old French from Latin aedificium, from aedis ‘dwelling’ + -ficium from facere ‘make’]

edify /ˈedifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (of a circumstance, experience, etc.) instruct and improve morally or intellectually (周围环境、经验等) (在道德或知识上给予)教诲；教化，开导 □ edification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ edifying  adj.  □ edifyingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French edifier from Latin aedificare (as EDIFICE)]

Edinburgh /ˈedinbərə/ n.  爱丁堡 [英国苏格兰首府]

edit /ˈedit/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (edited, editing)  1  a  assemble, prepare, modify, or condense (written material, esp. the work of another or others) for publication (出版前对文字稿进行)编辑，编选；校订；压缩(尤指对他人的作品和文字进行编辑)b  prepare an edition of (an author's work) 编辑(某人的作品) 2  be in overall charge of the content and arrangement of (a newspaper etc.) (报纸等的)主编，总编 3  take extracts from and collate (films, tape recordings, etc.) to form a unified sequence 剪辑，选辑(影片、录制的音像带等) 4  a  prepare (data) for processing by a computer 准备(数据)供电脑处理b  alter (a text entered in a word processor etc.) 编辑，修改(尤指在电脑上使用文字处理软件等对调入的文本进行修改) 5  a  reword to correct, or to alter the emphasis 校订，修订b (foll. by 后跟 out)  remove (part) from a text etc. 删除，删节 ●n.  1  a  a piece of editing 编辑(工作)b  an edited item 编辑过的内容，编辑好的材料 2  a facility for editing 编辑设备或器材 [French éditer (as EDITION): partly a back-formation from EDITOR]

Edith /ˈi:diθ/   伊迪丝 [人名]

edition /iˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  one of the particular forms in which a text is published 版，版本  paperback edition  平装版 pocket edition  袖珍版b  a copy of a book in a particular form (书的)版次  a first edition  第一版 2  a whole number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc., issued at one time (书、报纸等同一时间出版发行的)一批 3  a particular version or instance of a broadcast, esp. of a regular programme or feature (广播的)特别节目，特别报道(尤指固定栏目或专栏节目) 4  a person or thing similar to or resembling another 相像的人或物；翻版  a miniature edition of her mother  她母亲的缩小版 [French édition from Latin editio -onis, from edere edit- ‘put out’ (as E-, dare ‘give’)]

editio princeps /iˌdiʃiəʊ ˈprinseps/ n. (pl. editiones principes /-ˌəʊni:z -sipi:z/)  the first printed edition of a book, text, etc. 初版，首版(书、文章等的首次印刷版) [Latin]

editor /ˈeditə/ n.  1  a person who edits material for publication or broadcasting (出版社、广播电台或电视台的)编辑 2  a person who directs the preparation of a newspaper or periodical, or a particular section of one (报纸、杂志的)编辑，(负责某一版面的)责任编辑  sports editor  体育版编辑 3  a person who selects or commissions material for publication (负责出版的)责任编辑 4  a person who edits film, soundtrack, etc. (电影、录音等的)剪辑师 5  a program enabling the user to alter or rearrange text held in a computer (电脑上使用的)文字编辑处理软件 □ editorship  n.   [Late Latin, = producer (of games), publisher (as EDIT)]

editorial /ediˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerned with editing or editors 编辑的，编者的 2  written or approved by an editor 编辑写的或同意的 ●n.  a newspaper article written by or on behalf of an editor, esp. one giving an opinion on a topical issue (报刊的)社论(尤指就某一重大事件发表观点的评论文章) □ editorialist  n.  □ editorialize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ editorially  adv.  

-edly /idli/ suffix  forming adverbs from verbs, meaning ‘in a manner characterized by performance of or undergoing of the verbal action’ (allegedly 据称 ; disgustedly 厌恶地 ; hurriedly 匆促地) 构成副词，加在动词后表示“行为特征或行动状态”

Edmond /ˈedmənd/   埃德蒙 [人名]

Edmonton /ˈedməntən/ n.  埃德蒙顿(阿尔伯达省省会) [加拿大城市]

Edmund /ˈedmənd/   埃德蒙 [人名]

Edna /ˈednə/   埃德娜 [人名]

EDP abbr.  electronic data processing [缩略]电子数据处理

EDT abbr.  Eastern Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Eastern Standard Time) [缩略]东部夏令时间(比东部标准时间早一小时)

EDTA abbr. Chem.  ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, a common chelating agent [缩略]【化】乙二胺四乙酸(一种螯合剂)

educate /ˈedjʊkeit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to (a pupil, esp. a child), esp. as a formal and prolonged process (对学生、尤指对儿童的)教育(尤指正规的、长期的教育过程)；训练 2  provide education for 为…提供教育 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, or to + infin.)  train or instruct for a particular purpose (为某一特殊目的)培训；指导 4  advise; give information to 建议；提供信息 □ educable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ educability  /-kəˈbiliti/ n.  □ educatable  adj.  □ educative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ educator  n.   [Latin educare educat-, related to educere EDUCE]

educated /ˈedjʊkeitid/ adj.  1  having had an education, esp. to a higher level than average 受过教育的，有文化的，(尤指)受过高等教育的 2  resulting from a (good) education 有教养的，受过良好教育的  an educated accent  有教养者说话的腔调 3  based on experience or study 凭经验的，凭知识的  an educated guess  根据经验估测，凭知识判断

education /edjʊˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of educating or being educated; systematic instruction 教育；培养；系统教育 2  a particular kind of or stage in education 某一种(或阶段的)教育  further education  继续教育 a classical education  传统教育 3  a  development of character or mental powers 性格或智力发展b  a stage in or aspect of this 性格或智力发展的阶段或方面  travel will be an education for you  旅行可陶冶人的性情 □ educational  adj.  □ educationalist  n.  □ educationally  adv.  □ educationist  n.   [French éducation or Latin educatio (as EDUCATE)]

educe /iˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1  bring out or develop from latent or potential existence; elicit 引出，唤起或开发出(潜能) 2  infer; elicit a principle, number, etc., from data 推断(出)，从数据中演绎(出) □ educible  adj.  □ eduction  /iˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eductive  /iˈdʌktiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin educere educt- ‘lead out’ (as E-, ducere ‘lead’)]

edutainment /edjʊˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  entertainment with an educational aspect; infotainment 寓教于乐的活动；能增长知识的娱乐活动 [EDUCATION + ENTERTAINMENT]

Edw. abbr. [缩略]  Edward 

Edward /ˈedwəd/   爱德华 [人名]

Edwardian /edˈwɔ:diən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, characteristic of, or associated with the reign of King Edward VII (1901 － 10) 爱德华七世 (1901 至 1910 年)的 ●n.  a person belonging to this period 爱德华七世时代的人

Edwin /ˈedwin/   埃德温 [人名]

-ee /i:/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，意为 :  1  the person affected by the verbal action (addressee 听众 ; employee 雇工 ; lessee 承租人) 表示动作的受动者 2  a person concerned with or described as (absentee 缺席者 ; bargee 驳船船员 ; refugee 难民) 表示与…有关的人 3  an object of smaller size (bootee 短统靴) 表示较小的 [from or suggested by Anglo-French past part. ending -é, from Latin -atus]

EEC abbr.  European Economic Community [缩略]欧洲经济共同体■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的用法说明。 

EEG abbr. [缩略]  electroencephalogram 

eejit /ˈi:dʒit/ n. esp. Ir. & Sc. dial.  an idiot [尤爱尔兰和苏格兰] [方]白痴，傻子 [representing dialect pronunciation of IDIOT]

eel /i:l/ n.  1  any of various snakelike fish, with slender body and poorly developed fins, esp. one of the genus Anguilla living in fresh water and breeding in the sea 鳗鱼(生活于淡水但要回到海中繁殖的鱼类) 2  a slippery or evasive person or thing 圆滑的人，捉摸不定的人或事物 □ eel-like  adj.  □ eely  adj.   [Old English œˉl, from Germanic]

eelgrass /ˈi:lɡrɑ:s/ n.  1  any marine plant of the genus Zostera, with long ribbon-like leaves 鳗草(包括大叶藻、苦草等水生植物) 2  any submerged freshwater plant of the genus Vallisneria 半水下的淡水藻类植物

eelpout /ˈi:lpaʊt/ n.  a fish of the family Zoarcidae, with a slender body and dorsal and anal fins meeting to fuse with the tail Also called 亦称作 pout 绵鳚 [Old English œˉleputa (as EEL, POUT2)]

eelworm /ˈi:lwɜ:m/ n.  any of various small nematode worms infesting plant roots (感染植物根部的)小线虫

e'en1 /i:n/ archaic or poet. var.  of EVEN1 [古义] [诗] EVEN1 的变体

e'en2 /i:n/ Sc. var.  of EVEN2 [苏格兰] EVEN2 的变体

-een /i:n/ suffix Ir.  forming diminutive nouns (colleen 小女孩) 构成名词，表示“小的” [Irish diminutive suffix -ín]

e'er /ɛə/ poet. var.  of EVER [诗] EVER 的变体

-eer /ˈiə/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  nouns meaning ‘person concerned with or engaged in’ (auctioneer 拍卖商 ; mountaineer 登山者，山地人 ; profiteer 投机商) 名词，表示“从事…的人”，“…者” 2  verbs meaning ‘be concerned with’ (electioneer 积极竞选的人) 动词，表示“从事”，“参与” [from or suggested by French -ier, from Latin -arius: cf. -IER, -ARY1]

eerie /ˈiəri/ adj. (eerier, eeriest)  gloomy and strange; weird, frightening 古怪的，荒诞的；可怕的  an eerie silence  可怕的沉默 □ eerily  adv.  □ eeriness  n.   [originally northern English and Scots eri, of obscure origin: cf. Old English earg ‘cowardly’]

EETPU abbr. (in the UK) Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications, and Plumbing Union [缩略] (英国)电力、电子、电讯及管道工程业联合会

ef- /if, ef/ prefix  assim. form of EX-1 1 before f (用在字母 f 前)EX-11 的同化形式

eff /ef/ v. Brit. slang euphem. [英] [俚语] [婉]  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  = FUCK(in expletive use 表示诅咒时用)  2 intr.  say fuck or similar coarse slang words 说“ fuck ”或其他类似的粗鄙话语 □ effing and blinding   using coarse slang 用粗俗的话骂人，诅咒人 [name of the letter F, as a euphemistic abbreviation]

efface /iˈfeis/ v.  1 tr.  rub or wipe out (a mark etc.) 擦去，抹掉，除去(标记等) 2 tr. (in abstract senses 用于抽象含义)  obliterate; wipe out 抹去，擦掉，除掉  effaced it from his memory  将其从他的记忆中抹去 3 tr.  utterly surpass; eclipse 超越，遮住  success has effaced all previous attempts  成功遮住了过去所有的努力 4 refl.  make oneself insignificant or inconspicuous 使自己变得微不足道，使自己不被人注意 □ effacement  n.   [French effacer (as EX-1, FACE)]

effect /iˈfekt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the result or consequence of an action etc. 结果，效果，作用 2  efficacy 功效，成效  had little effect  成效甚微 3  an impression produced on a spectator, hearer, etc. (给观众、听众等的)印象，感觉，感受  lights had a pretty effect  灯光效果很不错 my words had no effect  我的话不管用 4 (in pl. 用复数)  property, luggage 财产，家什，行李 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the lighting, sound, etc. used to accompany a play, film, broadcast, etc. (戏剧、电影、广播等中运用的)光、声等效果 6 Physics  a physical phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer 【物理学】效应(通常以发现者的名字命名)  Doppler effect  多普勒效应 7  the state of being operative 生效，实施，起作用 ●v. tr.  bring about; accomplish 使生效，完成 □ bring (or carry) into effect   accomplish 实现，使生效，(使)完成□ for effect   to create an impression 给人留下印象，装点门面□ give effect to   make operative 使生效，使实施，实行□ in effect   for practical purposes; in reality 实质上，实际上□ take effect   become operative 生效，起作用□ to the effect that   the general substance or gist being 大意是…，主要意思是…□ to that effect   having that result or implication 鉴于…，按这个意思…□ with effect from   coming into operation at or on (a stated time or day) 从…起生效，从…起开始实施 [Middle English from Old French effect or Latin effectus (as EX-1, facere ‘make’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at AFFECT1. 见 AFFECT1 的用法说明。 

effective /iˈfektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  having a definite or desired effect 有功效的，灵验的b  efficient 高效的，有成效的 2  powerful in visual, emotive, etc. effect; impressive 给人深刻印象的，能打动人的，感染人的 3  a  actual; existing in fact rather than officially or theoretically 事实上的，实际(存在)的  took effective control in their absence  在他们不在的情况下，掌握了实际控制权b  actually usable; realizable; equivalent in its effect 实际可用的，可实现的，等效用的  effective money  实际可用的货币 effective demand  有效需求 4  coming into operation 生效  effective as from 1 May  从 5 月 1 日起生效 5 (of manpower) fit for work or service (指人力)适合工作和服务的 ●n.  a soldier available for service 可作战的士兵，可服役的士兵 □ effectively  adv.  □ effectiveness  n.  □ effectivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin effectivus (as EFFECT)]

effector /iˈfektə/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj.  acting in response to a stimulus 反应(的)，效应(的) ●n.  an effector organ 效应器

effectual /iˈfektʃʊəl/ adj.  1  capable of producing the required result or effect; answering its purpose 有效果的，灵验的 2  valid (证件等)有效的，在有效期内的 □ effectuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ effectually  adv.  □ effectualness  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin effectualis (as EFFECT)]

effectuate /iˈfektʃʊeit/ v. tr.  cause to happen; accomplish 使发生，完成 □ effectuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin effectuare (as EFFECT)]

effeminate /iˈfeminət/ adj. (of a man) feminine in appearance or manner; unmasculine (指男人)外表或举止像女人的，女人气的，缺乏男子气概的 □ effeminacy  n.  □ effeminately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin effeminatus, past part. of effeminare (as EX-1, femina ‘woman’)]

effendi /eˈfendi/ n. (pl. effendis)  1  a man of education or standing in eastern Mediterranean or Arab countries (地中海东部或阿拉伯国家中的)有知识人士；上流人士 2  a former title of respect or courtesy in Turkey 先生，老爷，阁下(土耳其旧时的一种称谓) [Turkish efendi via modern Greek afentēs from Greek authentēs ‘lord, master’: see AUTHENTIC]

efferent /ˈef(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. Physiol.  conducting outwards (opp. 反义 AFFERENT) 【生理】输出的，传出的，离心的  efferent nerves  传出神经 efferent vessels  输出脉管 [Latin efferre (as EX-1, ferre ‘carry’)]

effervesce /efəˈves/ v. intr.  1  give off bubbles of gas; bubble 冒泡，起沫 2 (of a person) be lively or energetic (人)充满活力，朝气蓬勃，有生气 □ effervescence  n.  □ effervescency  n.  □ effervescent  adj.   [Latin effervescere (as EX-1, fervēre ‘be hot’)]

effete /iˈfi:t/ adj.  1  feeble and incapable, ineffectual 衰弱的，虚弱的，无能的；无效果的 2  worn out; exhausted of its essential quality or vitality, decadent 枯竭的，衰竭的，衰落的 □ effeteness  n.   [Latin effetus ‘worn out by bearing young’ (as EX-1, FOETUS)]

efficacious /efiˈkeiʃəs/ adj. (of a thing) producing or sure to produce the desired effect (事物)有功效的，灵验的 □ efficaciously  adv.  □ efficaciousness  n.  □ efficacy  /ˈefikəsi/ n.   [Latin efficax (as EFFICIENT)]

efficiency /iˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being efficient 有效，效率，功效 2 Mech. & Physics  the ratio of useful work performed to the total energy expended or heat taken in 【机】【物理学】效率 [Latin efficientia (as EFFICIENT)]

efficiency bar n.  a point on a salary scale requiring evidence of efficiency for further promotion 效率工资线(只有被证明工作效率突出的人才能晋升加薪的界线)

efficient /iˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  productive with minimum waste or effort 高效的 2 (of a person) capable; acting effectively (人)有能力的，能胜任的，能干的 □ efficiently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin efficere (as EX-1, facere ‘make, accomplish’)]

efficient cause n. Philos.  an agent that brings a thing into being or initiates a change 【哲】动力因(素)

effigy /ˈefidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a sculpture or model of a person 某人的雕像或模型 □ in effigy   in the form of a (usu. crude) representation of a person (通常为粗略制作的)某人的模拟像 [Latin effigies from effingere ‘to fashion’]

effleurage /eflɜ:ˈrɑ:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a form of massage involving a circular inward stroking movement made with the palm of the hand, used esp. during childbirth (按摩的一种手法)用掌由外向里做圆周运动，(尤指)在妇女生产时使用的助产按摩 ●v. tr.  massage with a circular stroking movement 给…作转圈式按摩 [French, from effleurer ‘to skim’]

effloresce /efləˈres/ v. intr.  1  burst out into flower 开花 2 Chem.  a (of a substance) turn to a fine powder on exposure to air 【化】风化，粉化b (of salts) come to the surface and crystallize on it (盐类)结晶，起霜c (of a surface) become covered with salt particles (物体表面)由于盐分沉积而起霜 □ efflorescence  n.  □ efflorescent  adj.   [Latin efflorescere (as EX-1, florēre ‘to bloom’ from flos floris ‘flower’)]

effluence /ˈeflʊəns/ n.  1  a flowing out (of light, electricity, etc.) (光、电等)流出，发出，射出 2  that which flows out (光、电等的)流出物，射出物，发出物 [French effluence or medieval Latin effluentia from Latin effluere efflux- ‘flow out’ (as EX-1, fluere ‘flow’)]

effluent /ˈeflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  flowing forth or out 流体的 ●n.  1  sewage or industrial waste discharged into a river, the sea, etc. (排入河流或海洋等的)污水，工业废水 2  a stream or lake flowing from a larger body of water (由大湖或大河流出的水形成的)溪流；小湖 [Latin effluere effluent-: see EFFLUENCE]

effluvium /iˈflu:viəm/ n. (pl. effluvia /-viə/)  an unpleasant or noxious odour or exhaled substance affecting the lungs or the sense of smell etc. 难闻的气味，恶臭 [Latin from effluere: see EFFLUENCE]

efflux /ˈeflʌks/ n.  = EFFLUENCE  □ effluxion  /iˈflʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin effluxus: see EFFLUENCE]

effort /ˈefət/ n.  1  strenuous physical or mental exertion 努力，勉力 2  a vigorous or determined attempt 努力(或勉力)的尝试 3 Mech.  a force exerted 【机】作用力 4 colloq.  the result of an attempt; something accomplished [口]努力的成果，成就  not bad for a first effort  作为首次，成果还不错 □ effortful  adj.  □ effortfully  adv.   [French from Old French esforcier, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

effortless /ˈefətlis/ adj.  1  requiring no effort 不费力气的，容易做的  effortless methods of cookery  简单易行的烹饪法 2  natural, easy 自然的，轻松的  effortless grace  轻松优雅 □ effortlessly  adv.  □ effortlessness  n.  

effrontery /iˈfrʌnt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  shameless insolence; impudent audacity (esp. 尤用于 have the effrontery to 竟能厚着脸皮做出…) 傲慢，放肆，厚颜无耻 2  an instance of this 厚颜无耻的行为 [French effronterie from effronté, ultimately from Late Latin effrons -ontis ‘shameless’ (as EX-1, frons ‘forehead’)]

effulgent /iˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj. literary  radiant; shining brilliantly [文学用语]发光的；闪亮的，耀眼的 □ effulgence  n.  □ effulgently  adv.   [Latin effulgēre ‘shine forth’ (as EX-1, fulgēre ‘shine’)]

effuse adj. & v. ●adj. /iˈfju:s/ Bot. (of an inflorescence etc.) spreading loosely 【植】(花)舒展的，伸展的 ●v. tr. /iˈfju:z/  1  pour forth (liquid, light, etc.) 流出，泻出，透出(液体、光线等) 2  give out (ideas etc.) 提出，给出(主意、想法等) [Middle English from Latin effusus, past part. of effundere effus- ‘pour out’ (as EX-1, fundere ‘pour’)]

effusion /iˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a copious outpouring 溢出，流出 2 usu. derog.  an unrestrained flow of speech or writing [通常贬] (讲话或文章)迸发，滔滔不绝；长篇累牍 [Middle English from Old French effusion or Latin effusio (as EFFUSE)]

effusive /iˈfju:siv/ adj.  1  gushing, demonstrative, exuberant 迸发的，炫耀的，热情奔放的  effusive praise  过分热情的赞扬 2 Geol. (of igneous rock) poured out when molten and later solidified, volcanic 【地质】(火成岩)熔岩的，火山岩的 □ effusively  adv.  □ effusiveness  n.  

EFL abbr.  English as a foreign language [缩略]非母语英语

eft /eft/ n.  a newt 水蜥，水栖蝾螈 [Old English efeta, of unknown origin]

Efta /ˈeftə/ abbr. (also 亦作 EFTA)  European Free Trade Association [缩略]欧洲自由贸易联盟 [abbreviation]

EFTPOS /ˈeftpɒz/ abbr.  electronic funds transfer at point of sale [缩略]销售处电子商务交易；销售处资金电子过户

e.g. abbr.  for example [缩略]例如，比如，如… [Latin exempli gratia]

egad /iˈɡæd/ int. archaic or joc.  by God [古义] [诙]天哪，唷 [probably originally a ‘ah’ + GOD]

egalitarian /iˌɡæliˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the principle of equal rights and opportunities for all 平等主义的，人人平等的  an egalitarian society  一个人人平等的社会 2  advocating this principle 主张人人平等的 ●n.  a person who advocates or supports egalitarian principles 平等主义者 □ egalitarianism  n.   [French égalitaire from égal EQUAL]

egg1 /eɡ/ n.  1  a  the spheroidal reproductive body produced by females of animals such as birds, reptiles, fish, etc., enclosed in a protective layer and capable of developing into a new individual 卵，蛋b  the egg of the domestic hen, used for food 鸡蛋 2 Biol.  the female reproductive cell in animals and plants 【生】卵，卵子，卵细胞 3 colloq.  a person or thing qualified in some way [口] (在某方面合格、够格的)人，家伙；东西  a tough egg  硬汉子 4  anything resembling or imitating an egg, esp. in shape or appearance 蛋形物(尤指形状、外形像蛋的物体) □ as sure as eggs is (or are) eggs  colloq.  without any doubt [口]毫不怀疑，毫无疑问□ have (or put) all one's eggs in one basket  colloq.  risk everything on a single venture [口]把一切希望寄托在一次冒险上，孤注一掷□ with egg on one's face  colloq.  made to look foolish [口]使自己看起来很蠢□ eggless  adj.  □ eggy  adj. (eggier, eggiest)   [Middle English from Old Norse, related to Old English œˉg]

egg2 /eɡ/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  urge 敦促，催促  egged them on to do it  敦促他们行动 [Middle English from Old Norse eggja = EDGE]

eggar /ˈeɡə/ n. (also 亦作 egger)  any of various large moths of the family Lasiocampidae, esp. Lasiocampa quercus, with an egg-shaped cocoon 枯叶蛾(其茧为卵形) [probably from EGG1 + -ER1]

egg-beater n.  1  a device for beating eggs 打蛋器 2 US slang  a helicopter [美] [俚语]直升机

eggcup /ˈeɡkʌp/ n.  a cup for holding a boiled egg (吃煮鸡蛋用的) (盛)蛋杯

egg custard n.  = CUSTARD 1 

egghead /ˈeɡhed/ n. colloq.  an intellectual; an expert [口]知识分子，专家

egg-nog n. (also Brit. [亦英] egg-flip)  a drink of alcoholic spirit with beaten egg, milk, etc. 蛋奶酒(由酒加搅打过的鸡蛋、牛奶等制成)

eggplant /ˈeɡplɑ:nt/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = AUBERGINEn. 1, 2. 

eggs and bacon n. (also 亦作 egg and bacon)  any of various plants with orange-marked yellow flowers, esp. bird's-foot trefoil and yellow toadflax 开黄花，花上有橙色斑点的植物(尤指牛角花和黄色柳穿鱼)

eggshell /ˈeɡʃel/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the shell of an egg 蛋壳，蛋皮 2  anything very fragile 易碎、易破损的东西 ●adj.  1 (of china) thin and fragile (瓷器)薄的，易打破的，易打碎的 2 (of paint) with a slight gloss finish (油漆)略有光泽的

egg-spoon n.  a small spoon for eating a boiled egg (吃煮蛋用的)蛋匙

egg-timer n.  a device for timing the cooking of an egg 煮蛋定时器

egg-tooth n.  a projection of an embryo bird or reptile used for breaking out of the shell (鸟或爬行动物破壳用的)卵牙，卵齿

egg white n.  the white of an egg 蛋清，蛋白

eglantine /ˈeɡləntain/ n.  sweet-brier 多花蔷薇 [Middle English via French églantine from Old French aiglent, ultimately from Latin acus ‘needle’]

ego /ˈi:ɡəʊ, ˈe-/ n. (pl. -os)  1 Metaphysics  a conscious thinking subject 【玄学】自我，有思维意识的主体 2 Psychol.  the part of the mind that reacts to reality and has a sense of individuality 【心】自我心智 3  a sense of self-esteem 自尊心 [Latin, = I]

egocentric /eɡə(ʊ)ˈsentrik, i:-/ adj.  1  centred in the ego 以自我为中心的 2  self-centred, egoistic 自我中心的，自私自利的 □ egocentrically  adv.  □ egocentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  □ egocentrism  n.   [EGO + -CENTRIC, on the pattern of geocentric etc.]

ego-ideal n.  1 Psychol.  the part of the mind developed from the ego by an awareness of social standards 【心】自我理想 2 (in general use) idealization of oneself (泛指)自我理想化，自我美化

egoism /ˈeɡəʊiz(ə)m, ˈi:-/ n.  1  an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality 自我主义，自我中心 2  = EGOTISM  □ egoist  n.  □ egoistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ egoistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ egoistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French égoïsme, ultimately from modern Latin egoismus (as EGO)]■Usage 用法说明 The senses of egoism and egotism overlap, but egoism alone is a term used in philosophy and psychology to mean ‘self-interest’ (often contrasted with altruism). egoism 与 egotism 的含义重叠。惟 egoism 是哲学与心理学用语，意为“自身利益”(常相对于 altruism 而言)。 

egomania /eɡə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə, i:-/ n.  morbid egotism 病态的自我主义，利己狂，自大狂 □ egomaniac  /-ˈmeiniæk/ n.  □ egomaniacal  /-məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  

egotism /ˈeɡətiz(ə)m, ˈi:-/ n.  1  the practice of continually talking about oneself; self-centredness 以自我为中心，念念不忘自我，喋喋不休地谈论自我 2  an exaggerated opinion of oneself; conceit 自负，自大，自满 3  selfishness 自私自利，利己 □ egotist  n.  □ egotistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.  □ egotistical  /-ˈtistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ egotistically  /-ˈtistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ egotize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [EGO + -ISM, with intrusive -t-]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EGOISM. 见 EGOISM 的用法说明。 

ego trip n. colloq.  activity etc. devoted entirely to one's own interests or feelings [口]追求自我利益或自我表现的活动

egregious /iˈɡri:dʒəs/ adj.  1  outstandingly bad; shocking 极坏的；令人震惊的  egregious folly  极为愚蠢的行为 an egregious ass  大笨蛋 2 archaic or joc.  remarkable [古义] [诙]非凡的，不寻常的 □ egregiously  adv.  □ egregiousness  n.   [Latin egregius ‘illustrious’, literally ‘standing out from the flock’, from grex gregis ‘flock’]

egress /ˈi:ɡres/ n.  1  a  going out 外出，出门b  the right of going out 外出权 2  an exit; a way out 出口；出路 3 Astron.  the end of an eclipse or transit 【天】出凌 [Latin egressus from egredi egress- (as E-, gradi ‘to step’)]

egret /ˈi:ɡrit, ˈe-/ n.  any of various herons of the genus Egretta or Bulbulcus, usu. having long white feathers in the breeding season 白鹭 [Middle English, via Anglo-French egrette, Old French aigrette from Provençal aigreta, from aigron ‘heron’]

Egypt   埃及

Egyptian /iˈdʒipʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Egypt in NE Africa 埃及的 2  of or for Egyptian antiquities (e.g. in a museum) 埃及文物的(如博物馆中的文物)  Egyptian room  埃及文物室 ●n.  1  a native of ancient or modern Egypt; a national of the Arab Republic of Egypt (古代或当代的)埃及人；阿拉伯埃及共和国公民 2  the Hamitic language used in ancient Egypt until the 3rd c. AD 古埃及语(公元 3 世纪前在埃及使用的含语族语) □ Egyptianize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Egyptianization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Egyptology /i:dʒipˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the language, history, and culture of ancient Egypt 埃及学(研究古埃及语言、历史和文化的学问) □ Egyptologist  n.  

eh /ei/ int. colloq. [口]  1  expressing enquiry or surprise 啊，嗯(感叹词，用于表示询问、惊讶) 2  inviting assent 是吗(用于希望对方赞同) 3  asking for something to be repeated or explained 嗯，什么(用于要求对方重复或解答) [Middle English ey, instinctive exclamation]

-eian /iən/ suffix  corresponding to -ey (or -y) + -an (Bodleian 牛津大学图书馆 ; Rugbeian 拉格比公学学生) 相当于 ey+an 或 y+an

Eid /i:d/ n. (also 亦作 Id) a Muslim festival 穆斯林的节日， esp. (尤指):  1 (in full 全称 Eid ul-Fitr /i:dʊlˈfitrə/)  that marking the end of the fast of Ramadan 开斋节 2 (in full 全称 Eid ul-Adha /i:dulˈɑ:də/)  that marking the culmination of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca 朝圣节(每年一度去麦加朝圣的欢宴) [Arabic ‘īd ‘feast’]

eider /ˈaidə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 eider duck)  any of several large northern ducks, esp. Somateria mollissima 绒鸭，(尤指)欧绒鸭 2 (in full 全称 eider-down)  small soft feathers from the breast of the eider duck 绒鸭绒(绒鸭胸脯上的小绒毛) [Icelandic aethr]

eiderdown /ˈaidədɑʊn/ n. Brit.  a quilt stuffed with down (originally from the eider) or some other soft material, esp. as the upper layer of bedclothes [英]鸭绒被，羽绒被

eidetic /aiˈdetik/ adj. & n. ●adj. Psychol. (of a mental image) having unusual vividness and detail, as if actually visible 【心】(指头脑中的映像)特别清晰(的)，特别逼真(的)，历历在目(的) ●n.  a person able to see eidetic images 能看到这种映像的人 □ eidetically  adv.   [German eidetisch from Greek eidētikos, from eidos ‘form’]

eidolon /aiˈdəʊlɒn/ n. (pl. eidolons or eidola /-lə/)  1  a spectre; a phantom 鬼怪，精灵；幻象 2  an idealized figure 理想化的形象 [Greek eidōlon: see IDOL]

eigen- /ˈaiɡən/ comb. form Math. & Physics  proper, characteristic [构词成分]【数】【物理学】本征，特征，固有 [German eigen OWN]

eigenfrequency /ˈaiɡənˌfri:kw(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies) Math. & Physics  one of the natural resonant frequencies of a system 【数】【物理学】固有频率，本征频率，特征频率

eigenfunction /ˈaiɡənˌfʌn(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. Math. & Physics  that function which under a given operation generates some multiple of itself 【数】【物理学】本征函数，特征函数

eigenvalue /ˈaiɡənˌvælju:/ n. Math. & Physics  that value by which an eigenfunction of an operation is multiplied after the eigenfunction has been subjected to that operation 【数】【物理学】本征值，特征值

eight /eit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than seven, or two less than ten; the product of two units and four units 八 2  a symbol for this 表示八的符号 (8, viii, VIII) 3 (in full 全称 figure of eight) (in ice-skating, country dancing, etc.) a figure resembling the form of 8 (花样滑冰、乡村舞蹈等中的) 8 字图形， 8 字花式 4  a size etc. denoted by eight 8 号(用 8 表示的尺寸等) 5  an eight-oared rowing boat or its crew 八浆划艇；八人划船队 6  eight o'clock 8 点钟 7  a card with eight pips (牌戏中的)八点 ●adj.  that amount to eight 数量为八的 □ have one over the eight  Brit. slang  have one drink too many [英] [俚语]多喝了一杯，喝醉 [Old English ehta, eahta]

eighteen /eiˈti:n, ˈeiti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than seventeen, or eight more than ten; the product of two units and nine units 十八 2  a symbol for this 表示十八的符号 (18, xviii, XVIII) 3  a size etc. denoted by eighteen 用 18 表示的(尺寸等) 4  a set or team of eighteen individuals 18 个为一套；由 18(人)组成的队 5 (作 18) Brit. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 18 years and over [英] (电影)分级中的一个级别，表示适合 18 岁以上者观看 ●adj.  that amount to eighteen 数量为 18 的 □ eighteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English ehtatēne]

eighteenmo /eiˈti:nməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = OCTODECIMO 

eightfold /ˈeitfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  eight times as much or as many 八倍的 2  consisting of eight parts 八份的，八块的，八部分的 3  amounting to eight 成八的，数量达到八的

eighth /eitθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 8 in the sequence 第八 2  something occupying this position 第八个，第八名 3  one of eight equal parts of a thing 八分之一 ●adj.  that is the eighth 第八的；八分之一的 □ eighthly  adv.  

eighth note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美] [音]  = QUAVER 

eightsome /ˈeits(ə)m/ n.  1 (in full 全称 eightsome reel)  a lively Scottish reel for eight dancers 八人里尔舞(一种 8 人跳的苏格兰圆圈舞) 2  the music for this 八人里尔舞的舞曲

eighty /ˈeiti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of eight and ten 八十 2  a symbol for this 表示八十的符号 (80, lxxx, LXXX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 80 to 89, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 80 至 89 的数(尤指年代或年龄) ●adj.  that amount to eighty 数量达到 80 的 □ eighty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between eightieth and ninetieth 第 80 至第 90 间的序数词□ eighty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between eighty and ninety 80 至 90 间的基数词□ eightieth  adj. & n.  □ eightyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English -eahtatig (as EIGHT, -TY2)]

Eileen /ˈaili:n/   艾琳 [人名]

einkorn /ˈainkɔ:n/ n.  a kind of wheat (Triticum monococcum) 单粒小麦 [German, from ein ‘one’ + Korn ‘seed’]

einsteinium /ainˈstainiəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from plutonium (symbol 符 Es) 【化】(化学元素)锿 [named after A. Einstein, German-American physicist d. 1955]

eirenic var.  of IRENIC  IRENIC 的变体

eirenicon /aiˈri:nikɒn/ n. (also 亦作 irenicon)  a proposal made as a means of achieving peace 和平提议，和解建议 [Greek, neut. of eirēnikos (adj.) from eirēnē ‘peace’]

eisteddfod /aiˈsteðvɒd, aiˈstedvəd/ n. (pl. eisteddfods or eisteddfodau /-ˈvɒdai/)  a congress of Welsh bards; a national or local festival for musical competitions etc. 艾斯特福德(威尔士吟游吟唱诗人大会)；(全国或地方的)音乐竞赛节 □ eisteddfodic  /-ˈvɒdik/ adj.   [Welsh, literally ‘session’, from eistedd ‘sit’]

either /ˈaiðə, ˈi:-/ conj., adv., pron. & det. ●conj. (introducing a word, phrase, or clause that is paired with another word, phrase, or clause introduced by or)  as one of two mutually exclusive possibilities (与 or 一起连用)不是…就是…；或…或…；要么…要么…  either come in or go out  或者进来，或者出去 is either black or white  不是黑的就是白的 ●adv. (after a neg. sentence 用于否定句之后)  1  any more than the person or thing just mentioned 也不  Tim didn't like it and Patrick didn't either  蒂姆不喜欢它，帕特里克也不喜欢它 2  moreover, indeed 此外；再说  there is no time to lose, either  再说，这事刻不容缓 ●pron.  one or the other of two (两者间)任何一个，这个或那个  either of you can go  你们两个谁去都可以 I like both twins but Jeremy doesn't like either  这对双胞胎我都喜欢，可是杰里米既不喜欢这个也不喜欢那个 ●det.  1  one or the other of two 两者中的任一，任何一个(一方)  you may have either book  你可以在这两本书中随便挑一本 2  each of two (两个中间的)每一个  either side of the road  路的每一边 □ either way   in either case or event 无论如何 [Old English œˉgther, from Germanic]

either/or n. & adj. ●n.  an unavoidable choice between alternatives 两选一，两者择一，非此即彼 ●adj.  involving such a choice 两选一的，两者择一的

eiusdem generis /eiˌ(j)ʊsdem ˈdʒeneris/ adj. Law  of the same kind 【法律】同样，同此 [Latin]

ejaculate v. & n. ●v. tr. /iˈdʒækjʊleit/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  utter suddenly (words esp. of prayer or other emotion) 脱口而出；突然说出(尤指祈祷或感情激动时说出的言词) 2  eject (fluid etc., esp. semen) from the body 射出(体液等，尤指精液)，射精 ●n. /iˈdʒækjʊlət/  semen that has been ejaculated from the body 射出体外的精液 □ ejaculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ejaculator  /iˈdʒækjʊleitə/ n.  □ ejaculatory  /iˈdʒækjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin ejaculari ‘to dart’ (as E-, jaculum ‘javelin’)]

eject /iˈdʒekt/ v. tr.  1  send or drive out precipitately or by force, esp. from a building or other property; compel to leave 驱逐，撵出，逐出；被迫离开(尤指从房子里或其他住地逐出) 2  a  cause (the pilot etc.) to be propelled from an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency 使(飞行员在紧急情况下)弹射出(座舱)b (absol. [含宾]) (of the pilot etc.) be ejected in this way (飞行员等)被弹射出来  they both ejected at 1,000 feet  他们在 1,000 英尺的高空双双被弹射了出来 3  cause to be removed or drop out (e.g. a spent cartridge from a gun) 使退出；使排出；使掉出(如枪上打完子弹的空弹夹) 4  dispossess (a tenant etc.) by legal process (通过法律程序)驱逐(房客等) 5  dart forth; emit 投掷；发射 □ ejective  adj.  □ ejectment  n.   [Latin ejicere eject- (as E-, jacere ‘throw’)]

ejecta /iˈdʒektə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  material that is thrown out, esp. from a volcano or a star 抛出物；喷出物(尤指从火山、或从星球上抛射出的物质) [Latin, from ejicere eject- EJECT]

ejection /iˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of ejecting; the process of being ejected 射出；喷出；(被)弹射出

ejection seat n.  = EJECTOR SEAT 

ejector /iˈdʒektə/ n.  a device for ejecting 喷射器；弹射器

ejector seat n.  a device for the automatic ejection of the pilot etc. of an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency (飞行器中的)弹射座椅

eke /i:k/ v. tr. eke out  1 (foll. by 后跟 with, by)  supplement; make the best use of (defective means etc.) 充分利用(不利因素等)，补充(不足) 2  contrive to make (a livelihood) or support (an existence) 竭力维持生计，使生存 [Old English ēacan, related to Latin augēre ‘increase’]

ekka /ˈekə/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a small one-horse vehicle [印英]一匹马拉的小型马车 [Hindi ekkɑˉ ‘unit’]

-el var.  of -LE2  -LE2 的变体

elaborate adj. & v. ●adj. /iˈlæb(ə)rət/  1  carefully or minutely worked out 精心制作的，精心策划的 2  highly developed or complicated 复杂的，精巧的，精致的 ●v. /iˈlæbəreit/  1 tr.  a  work out or explain in detail 精心制作；详细说明b (absol. [含宾])  go into details 详细说明  I need not elaborate  我无需细说 2 tr.  produce by labour 精心制作 3 tr. (of a natural agency) produce (a substance etc.) from its elements or sources (指自然力)使其成份或元素转变成(物质)，生成 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  explain in detail 详细论述；详细说明 □ elaborately  /-rətli/ adv.  □ elaborateness  /-rətnis/ n.  □ elaboration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elaborative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ elaborator  /-reitə/ n.   [Latin elaboratus, past part. of elaborare (as E-, labor ‘work’)]

Elaine /iˈlein/   伊莱恩 [人名]

eland /ˈi:lənd/ n.  any antelope of the genus Tragelaphus, native to Africa, having spirally twisted horns, esp. the largest of living antelopes, T. derbianus (非洲)大角斑羚，(尤指)巨大角斑羚，德比巨大角斑羚(指羚羊中最大的一种) [Dutch = elk]

elapse /iˈlæps/ v. intr. (of time) pass by (时间)流逝，消逝，过去 [Latin elabor elaps- ‘slip away’]

elasmobranch /iˈlæzməbræŋk/ n. Zool.  a cartilaginous fish of the subclass Elasmobranchii (or Chondrichthyes), including sharks, skates, rays 【动】板鳃亚纲的软骨鱼类(包括鲨鱼、鳐鱼等) [modern Latin elasmobranchii, from Greek elasmos ‘beaten metal’ + bragkhia ‘gills’]

elasmosaurus /iˌlæzməˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  a large extinct marine reptile with paddle-like limbs and tough crocodile-like skin 板龙，薄片龙(一种已灭绝的大型海生爬行动物) [modern Latin, from Greek elasmos ‘beaten metal’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

elastane /iˈlæstein/ n.  an elastic polyurethane, used esp. for hosiery, underwear, and other close-fitting clothing 弹力聚亚安脂(尤指用来制造丝袜，内衣裤和其他紧身衣物的合成纤维) [ELASTIC + -ANE2]

elastic /iˈlæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to resume its normal bulk or shape spontaneously after contraction, dilatation, or distortion 有弹性的，有弹力的 2  springy 轻快的 3 (of a person or feelings) buoyant (指人或感情)轻快的；易调节的；开朗的 4  flexible, adaptable 灵活的；适应性强的  elastic conscience  灵活的道德观念 5 Econ. (of demand) variable according to price 【经】(需求)随价格浮动的 6 Physics (of a collision) involving no decrease of kinetic energy 【物理学】弹性(碰撞)的，弹回的 ●n.  elastic cord or fabric, usu. woven with strips of rubber 弹性索，弹性纤维(通常是与橡皮筋一起织成的) □ elastically  adv.  □ elasticity  /elæˈstisiti, i:-, i-/ n.  □ elasticize  /iˈlæstisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin elasticus from Greek elastikos ‘propulsive’, from elaunō ‘drive’]

elasticated /iˈlæstikeitid/ adj. Brit. (of a fabric) made elastic by weaving with rubber thread [英]弹性织物的(与橡皮筋一起织成的)

elastic band n.  = RUBBER BAND 

elastin /iˈlæstin/ n.  an elastic fibrous glycoprotein found in connective tissue (存在于结缔组织中的)弹性蛋白 [ELASTIC + -IN]

elastomer /iˈlæstəmə/ n.  a natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like plastic 高弹体，弹性体(天然橡胶、合成橡胶、塑胶等) □ elastomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [ELASTIC, on the pattern of isomer]

Elastoplast /iˈlæstəplɑ:st/ n. propr.  a type of sticking plaster [商标]弹性绷带 [ELASTIC + -O- + PLASTER]

elate /iˈleit/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 elated adj.)  inspirit, stimulate 刺激；激发，鼓舞 2  make proud 使感到自豪，使感到骄傲 ●adj. archaic  in high spirits; exultant, proud [古义]情绪高昂的，兴高采烈的；自豪的 □ elatedly  adv.  □ elatedness  n.  □ elation  n.   [Middle English from Latin efferre elat- ‘raise’]

elater /ˈelətə/ n.  a click beetle 叩头虫 [modern Latin from Greek elatēr ‘driver’, from elaunō ‘drive’]

E-layer n.  a layer of the ionosphere able to reflect medium-frequency radio waves E 层(可反射无线电中波的电离层) [E (arbitrary) + LAYER]

elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the joint between the forearm and the upper arm 肘，肘关节b  the part of the sleeve of a garment covering the elbow 衣服的肘部 2  an elbow-shaped bend or corner; a short piece of piping bent through a right angle 肘形的弯曲(或拐角)；短弯管 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, aside, etc.)  1  thrust or jostle (a person or oneself) (用肘)猛推，挤撞推开 2  make (one's way) by thrusting or jostling 推开；挤出(人群) □ at one's elbow   close at hand 在手头，很容易得到□ give a person the elbow  colloq.  send a person away; dismiss or reject a person [口]遣散某人；开除某人；排斥某人□ out at (or at the) elbows   1 (of a coat) worn out (指服装)磨损，穿坏 2 (of a person) ragged, poor (指人)衣衫褴褛；贫穷寒酸 [Old English elboga, elnboga, from Germanic (as ELL, BOW1)]

elbow grease n. colloq.  vigorous polishing; hard work [口]加油，苦干

elbow room n. colloq.  adequate space to move or work in [口]宽敞，不拥挤

eld /eld/ n. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1  old age 老年 2  olden time 古老的年代，旧时 [Old English (i)eldu, from Germanic: cf. OLD]

elder1 /ˈeldə/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of two indicated persons, esp. when related) senior; of a greater age (两者中，尤指亲属间)年长的，岁数大的  my elder brother  我哥哥 ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  1  a  the older or more senior of two indicated (esp. related) persons (两个当中)岁数大些的人，年长些的人(尤指亲属间)  which is the elder?  哪个年长些？ is my elder by ten years  比我大 10 岁的…b (作 Elder)  a title to distinguish between related persons of renown 有名望亲属之间作区别的称号  Pitt the Elder  大皮特 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  persons of greater age or seniority 老(年)人  respect your elders  尊敬你家的老人b  persons venerable because of age 老弱的人群 3  a person advanced in life 前辈，长者 4 hist.  a member of a senate or governing body [史义]元老院(或执政机构)元老 5  an official in the early Christian, Presbyterian, or Mormon Churches 早期基督教、长老会、摩门教的长老 □ eldership  n.   [Old English eldra, related to OLD]

elder2 /ˈeldə/ n.  any shrub or tree of the genus Sambucus, with white flowers and usu. blue-black or red berries 接骨木 [Old English ellœrn]

elderberry /ˈeldəberi, -b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the berry of the elder, esp. the common elder (Sambucus nigra) used for making jelly, wine, etc. 接骨木果实(可用来制果冻、酒等)

elder brother n. (pl. elder brethren) Brit.  each of thirteen senior members of Trinity House [英]领港协会十三主持会员之一

elderflower /ˈeldəflaʊə/ n.  the flower of the elder 接骨木花

elder hand n. Cards  the first player 【牌戏】先手，第一个出牌的人

elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj.  1  somewhat old 年长的，年龄大些的 2 (of a person) past middle age (人)过中年的，老年的 □ elderliness  n.  

elder statesman n.  an influential experienced person, esp. a politician, of advanced age 老前辈，(尤指)政界元老

eldest /ˈeldist/ adj. & n. ●adj.  first-born or oldest surviving (member of a family, son, daughter, etc.) 家中年龄最大的(儿子、女儿等) ●n. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  the eldest of three or more indicated (3 个以上中)最年长者，年龄最大的人  who is the eldest?  年纪最大的是谁？ [Old English (as ELDER1)]

eldest hand n. Cards  the first player 【牌戏】先手，最先出牌者

eldorado /eldəˈrɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  any imaginary country or city abounding in gold 想像中布满金子的城市或国家 2  a place of great abundance 丰裕，富饶的地方 [Spanish el dorado ‘the gilded’]

eldritch /ˈel(d)ritʃ/ adj. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  weird 古怪的，怪异的 2  hideous 骇人听闻的，可怕的 [16th c.: perhaps related to ELF]

Eleanor /ˈelinə/   埃莉诺 [人名]

elecampane /ˌelikæmˈpein/ n.  a sunflower-like plant, Inula helenium, with bitter aromatic leaves and roots, used in herbal medicine and cookery 土木香 [medieval Latin enula campana (enula from Greek helenion ‘elecampane’, campana probably ‘of the fields’ from campus ‘field’)]

elect /iˈlekt/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  1  choose 选择，挑选  the principles they elected to follow  他们选择的执行方针 2  choose (a person) by vote 选举，推选  elected a new chairman  选举新主席 3 Theol. (of God) choose (persons) in preference to others for salvation 【神】(上帝)挑选(某人)使其得救 ●adj.  1  chosen 选取的，挑中的 2  select, choice 挑选的；决择的 , 3 Theol.  chosen by God 【神】被上帝选取的，由神选中的 4 (in comb. 用于复合词 , after a noun designating office 跟在与政府机关职位有关的名词后面)  chosen but not yet in office 当选但尚未正式开始工作  president-elect  当选总统 □ electable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin electus, past part. of eligere elect- (as E-, legere ‘pick’)]

election /iˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of electing or being elected, esp. of members of a political body 选举；被选举(尤指政治机构成员) 2  the act or an instance of electing 选举活动；推选 [Middle English via Old French from Latin electio -onis (as ELECT)]

electioneer /iˌlekʃəˈniə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  take part in an election campaign 竞选；参选 2 derog.  seek election by currying favour with voters [贬]拉选票 ●n.  a person who electioneers 竞选者；参选者

elective /iˈlektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of an office or its holder) filled or appointed by election (官职或官员)由选举产生的，选出来的b (of authority) derived from election (行政管理机构)由选举产生的，民选的 2 (of a body) having the power to elect (机构)有选举权的 3  having a tendency to act on or be concerned with some things rather than others 有选择地行事的，有针对性地关注的  elective affinity  有选择的亲合力 4 (of a course of study) chosen by the student; optional (指学习的课程、科目)选修的 5 (of a surgical operation etc.) optional; not urgently necessary (外科手术等)可选用的，非急需的 ●n. US  an elective course of study [美]选修课 □ electively  adv.   [French électif -ive from Late Latin electivus (as ELECT)]

elector /iˈlektə/ n.  1  a person who has the right of voting to elect an MP etc. 有选举(议员等)权的人，选民 2 (作 Elector) hist.  a German prince entitled to take part in the election of the Emperor [史义]选帝侯(德国有权选举帝国君主的诸侯) 3 US  a member of an electoral college [美]选举团成员 □ electorship  n.   [Middle English via French électeur from Latin elector (as ELECT)]

electoral /iˈlekt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or ranking as electors 选举人的，竞选者的 □ electorally  adv.  

electoral college n.  1  a body of persons representing the states of the US, who cast votes for the election of the President 选举团(美国各州为选举总统而推选的一群选举人) 2  a body of electors 选举团

electoral roll n. (also 亦作 electoral register)  an official list of those in a district, parish, etc., entitled to vote 各区、堂区等选举人的正式名单

electorate /iˈlekt(ə)rət/ n.  1  a body of electors 选举团 2 Austral. & NZ  an area represented by one Member of Parliament [澳新]选区(由一名议员代表) 3 hist.  the office or territories of a German Elector [史义] (神圣罗马帝国时，德国)选帝侯的辖区或领地

Electra complex /iˈlektrə/ n. Psychol.  a daughter's subconscious sexual attraction to her father and hostility towards her mother, corresponding to the Oedipus complex in a son 【心】(女儿的)恋父仇母情结(与儿子的恋母仇父情结“ Oedipus complex ”相对) [from the name of Electra in Greek tragedy, who caused her mother to be murdered for having murdered Electra's father]

Electress /iˈlektris/ n. hist.  the wife of a German Elector [史义]神圣罗马帝国时期德国选帝侯的夫人

electret /iˈlektrit/ n. Physics  a permanently polarized piece of dielectric material, analogous to a permanent magnet 【物理学】驻极体 [ELECTRICITY + MAGNET]

electric /iˈlektrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, worked by, or charged with electricity; producing or capable of generating electricity 电的，电力的，电动的；发电的；带电的 2  causing or charged with sudden and dramatic excitement 使人震惊的，高度刺激的  the news had an electric effect  令人震惊的消息 the atmosphere was electric  气氛紧张刺激 ●n.  1  an electric light, vehicle, etc. 电灯，电光源；电动车辆 2 (in pl. 用复数)  electrical equipment 电气设备 □ electrically  adv.   [modern Latin electricus via Latin electrum from Greek ēlektron ‘amber’, the rubbing of which causes electrostatic phenomena]

electrical /iˈlektrik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or concerned with or of the nature of electricity 电的，电力的 2  operating by electricity 电动的，电气的 3  = ELECTRICadj. 2 

electricals /iˈlektrik(ə)lz/ n. pl.  1  shares in companies manufacturing electrical goods 电气公司的股票 2  electrical equipment or circuitry 电器设备，电路

electric blanket n.  an electrically wired blanket used for heating a bed 电热毯

electric blue n. & adj. ●n.  a steely or brilliant light blue 铁蓝色，钢青色(一种极亮的浅蓝色) ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 铁蓝色的，钢青色的

electric chair n.  a chair used for capital punishment by electrocution in certain judicial systems (执行死刑用的)电椅

electric eel n.  an eel-like freshwater fish, Electrophorus electricus, native to S. America, that kills its prey by electric shock (产于南美淡水中的)电鳗

electric eye n. colloq.  a photoelectric cell operating a relay when the beam of light illuminating it is obscured [口] (开启继电器用的)电眼，光电管；光电池

electric fence n.  a fence charged with electricity, often consisting of one strand 电篱笆，电网(常为一根线)

electric field n.  a region of electrical influence 电场

electric fire n. Brit.  an electrically operated incandescent or convector heater, usu. portable and for domestic use [英]电热炉(通常为家用便携式)

electric guitar n.  a guitar with built-in electrical sound pick-up or pick-ups rather than a soundbox 电吉它

electric hare  see 见 HARE n. 2 

electrician /ilekˈtriʃ(ə)n, el-/ n.  a person who installs or maintains electrical equipment, esp. professionally 电气技师，电气工程师，电工(尤指专业电工)

electricity /ilekˈtrisiti, el-, i:l-/ n.  1  a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (electrons, protons, etc.), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current 电，电流 2  the branch of physics dealing with electricity 电学 3  a supply of electric current for heating, lighting, etc. 供电 4  a state of heightened emotion; excitement, tension 非常激动，兴奋，紧张

electric organ n.  1 Biol.  an organ in certain fishes able to produce an electrical discharge for stunning prey or sensing the surroundings, or as a defence 【生】(某些鱼类的)发电器(官) 2 Mus.  an electrically operated organ 【音】电风琴

electric ray n.  any of several fish of the ray family Torpedinidae which can give an electric shock (see 见 RAY2) 电鳐

electric shaver n. (also 亦作 electric razor)  an electrical device for shaving, with oscillating or rotating blades behind a metal guard 电动剃须刀

electric shock n.  the effect of a sudden discharge of electricity on a person or animal, usually with stimulation of the nerves and contraction of the muscles 触电；电击

electric storm n.  a violent disturbance of the electrical condition of the atmosphere 电暴，雷暴

electrify /iˈlektrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  charge (a body) with electricity 使起电，使带电；使触电 2  convert (machinery or the place or system employing it) to the use of electric power 使电气化 3  cause dramatic or sudden excitement in 使激动；使兴奋；使震惊 □ electrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ electrifier  n.  

electro /iˈlektrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  = ELECTROTYPEn.  2  = ELECTROPLATEn.  ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed) colloq. [口]  1  = ELECTROTYPEv.  2  = ELECTROPLATEv.  [abbreviation]

electro- /iˈlektrəʊ/ comb. form  of, relating to, or caused by electricity (electrocute 使触电死亡 ; electromagnet 电磁体) [构词成分]电的；电动的；电气的 [Greek ēlektron ‘amber’: see ELECTRIC]

electro-acoustic /iˌlektrəʊəˈku:stik/ adj.  1  involving the direct conversion of electrical into acoustic energy or vice versa 电声的，电声转换的 2 (of music) performed or composed with the creative use of electronic equipment (指音乐)电子乐的，电声的

electrobiology /iˌlektrəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the electrical phenomena of living things 电生物学(研究生物带电现象的学问)

electrocardiogram /iˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:diəɡræm/ n.  a record of the heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph 心电图 [German Elektrocardiogramm (as ELECTRO-, CARDIO-, -GRAM)]

electrocardiograph /iˌlektrəʊˈkɑ:diəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument recording the electric currents generated by a person's heartbeat 心电图描记器，心电图仪 □ electrocardiographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ electrocardiography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

electrochemistry /iˌlektrəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the branch of science that deals with the relations between electrical and chemical phenomena 电化学 □ electrochemical  adj.  □ electrochemically  adv.  □ electrochemist  n.  

electroconvulsive /iˌlektrəʊkənˈvʌlsiv/ adj. (of a therapy) employing the application of electric shocks to the brain, which induces a convulsion, as in some treatments for mental illness (疗法)电抽搐(电惊厥)的

electrocute /iˈlektrəkju:t/ v. tr.  1  kill by electricity (as a form of capital punishment) 用电刑处死 2  cause the death of by electric shock 使触电而死 □ electrocution  /-ˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [ELECTRO-, after EXECUTE]

electrode /iˈlektrəʊd/ n.  a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an electrolyte, gas, vacuum, etc. 电极 [ELECTRIC + Greek hodos ‘way’]

electrodialysis /iˌlektrəʊdaiˈælisis/ n.  dialysis in which the movement of ions is aided by an electric field applied across the semi-permeable membrane 电渗析

electrodynamics /iˌlektrəʊdaiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of mechanics concerned with electric current applied to motive forces 电动力学 □ electrodynamic  adj.  

electroencephalogram /iˌlektrəʊinˈsef(ə)ləɡ-ræm, -ˈkef-/ n.  a record of the brain's activity traced by an electroencephalograph 脑电图 [German Elektrenkephalogramm (as ELECTRO-, ENCEPHALO-, -GRAM)]

electroencephalograph /iˌlektrəʊinˈsef(ə)ləɡ-rɑ:f, -ˈkef-/ n.  an instrument recording the electrical activity of the brain 脑电图描记器，脑电图仪 □ electroencephalography  /-ˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  

electroluminescence /iˌlektrəʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n. Chem.  luminescence produced electrically, esp. by the application of a voltage 【化】电致发光(尤指施加电压所致的发光) □ electroluminescent  adj.  

electrolyse /iˈlektrəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] -yze)  subject to or treat by electrolysis 电解，用电解法处理 □ electrolyser  n.   [ELECTROLYSIS, on the pattern of analyse]

electrolysis /iˌlekˈtrɒlisis, ˌelekˈtrɒlisis/ n.  1 Chem.  the decomposition of a substance by the application of an electric current 【化】电解，用电解法分解 2 Surgery  this process applied to the destruction of tumours, hair-roots, etc. 【外科】电蚀法；电蚀除瘤(或发根等) □ electrolytic  /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈlitik/ adj.  □ electrolytical  /-ˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrolytically  /-ˈlitik(ə)li/ adv.   [ELECTRO- + -LYSIS]

electrolyte /iˈlektrəlait/ n.  1  a liquid which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, esp. that present in a battery 电解液(尤指电池中的电解液) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Physiol.  the ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, etc. 【生理】电解质(细胞、血液中离子化的或可电离的物质) [ELECTRO- + Greek lutos ‘released’ from luō ‘loosen’]

electromagnet /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈmæɡnit/ n.  a soft metal core made into a magnet by the passage of electric current through a coil surrounding it 电磁体，电磁铁

electromagnetic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  having both an electrical and a magnetic character or properties 电磁的，电磁体的 □ electromagnetically  /-ˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.  

electromagnetic radiation n.  a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays, etc., in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously 电磁幅射

electromagnetic spectrum n.  the range of wavelengths over which electromagnetic radiation extends 电磁波谱

electromagnetic units n. pl.  a largely disused system of units derived primarily from the magnetic properties of electric currents 电磁单位

electromagnetism /iˌlektrəʊˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the magnetic forces produced by electricity 电磁，电磁力 2  the study of this 电磁学

electromechanical /iˌlektrəʊmiˈkænik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to the application of electricity to mechanical processes, devices, etc. 电动的；电动机械的；电机的

electrometer /ilekˈtrɒmitə, el-/ n.  an instrument for measuring electrical potential without drawing any current from the circuit 静电计(一种无需电流即可测出物体电气性能的仪器) □ electrometric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ electrometry  n.  

electromotive /iˌlektrəˈməʊtiv/ adj.  producing or tending to produce an electric current 电动势的，产生电流的

electromotive force n.  a difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current (abbr. 缩略 : emf, EMF) 电动势

electron /iˈlektrɒn/ n.  a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids 电子 [ELECTRIC + -ON]

electron beam n.  a stream of electrons in a gas or vacuum 电子束，电子流

electron diffraction n.  the diffraction of a beam of electrons by atoms or molecules, used for determining crystal structures etc. 电子衍射(用于测定晶体结构)

electronegative /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈneɡətiv/ adj.  1  electrically negative 带负电的，负电物质的 2 Chem. (of an element) tending to acquire electrons in chemical reactions 【化】电负性的，阴电的

electron gun n.  a device for producing a narrow stream of electrons from a heated cathode 电子枪

electronic /ilekˈtrɒnik, el-/ adj.  1  a  produced by or involving the flow of electrons 电子的b  of or relating to electrons or electronics 电子学的 2 (of a device) using electronic components (指装置、器材)电子的，使用电子元件的 3  a (of music) produced by electronic means and usu. recorded on tape (指音乐)电声的，电子乐的(通常录在磁带上)b (of a musical instrument) producing sounds by electronic means (乐器)电子的，电声的 □ electronically  adv.  

electronic flash n.  a flash from a gas-discharge tube, used in high-speed photography 电子闪光

electronic mail n.  1  messages distributed by electronic means esp. from one computer system to one or more recipients 电子邮件，电子信函 2  the electronic mail system Also called 亦称作 e-mail 电子邮件系统

electronic publishing n.  the publishing of books etc. in machine-readable form rather than on paper 电子出版物，电子图书，电子读物

electronics /ilekˈtrɒniks, el-/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of physics and technology concerned with the behaviour and movement of electrons in a vacuum, gas, semiconductor, etc. 电子学 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  the circuits used in this 电子电路

electronic tagging n.  the attaching of electronic markers to people, goods, etc., enabling them to be traced 电子标识，电子标签(供跟踪用的电子标记)

electron lens n.  a device for focusing a stream of electrons by means of electric or magnetic fields 电子透镜

electron microscope n.  a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses 电子显微镜

electron pair n.  1 Chem.  two electrons in the same orbital in an atom or molecule 【化】电子对(原子或分子中在同一轨道上运行的两个电子) 2 Physics  an electron and a positron produced in a high-energy reaction 【物理学】电子对(在高能反应中产生的正负电子)

electron spin resonance n.  a spectroscopic method of locating electrons within the molecules of a paramagnetic substance (abbr. 缩略 : ESR) 电子顺磁共振，电子自旋共振

electronvolt /iˈlektrɒnvəʊlt, -vɒlt/ n.  a unit of energy equal to the work done on an electron in accelerating it through a potential difference of one volt (abbr. 缩略 : eV) 电子伏特

electrophilic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj. Chem.  having an affinity for electrons 【化】亲电子的 □ electrophile  /iˈlektrə(ʊ)fail/ n.  

electrophoresis /iˌlektrə(ʊ)fəˈri:sis/ n. Physics & Chem.  the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field 【物理学】【化】电泳 □ electrophoretic  /-fəˈretik/ adj.   [ELECTRO- + Greek phorēsis ‘being carried’]

electrophorus /ilekˈtrɒf(ə)rəs, el-/ n.  a device for repeatedly generating static electricity by induction 起电盘 [modern Latin, from ELECTRO- + Greek -phoros ‘bearing’]

electrophysiology /iˌlektrəʊfiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of physiology that deals with the electrical phenomena associated with nervous and other bodily activity 电生理学 □ electrophysiological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

electroplate /iˈlektrə(ʊ)pleit, iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈpleit/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  coat (a utensil etc.) by electrolytic deposition with chromium, silver, etc. 电镀 ●n.  electroplated articles 电镀件，电镀品 □ electroplater  n.  

electroplexy /iˈlektrəpleksi/ n. Brit.  electroconvulsive therapy [英]电休克疗法 [ELECTRO- + APOPLEXY]

electroporation /iˌlektrəʊpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. Biol.  the action or process of introducing DNA or chromosomes into the cells of bacteria etc. using a pulse of electricity to open the pores in the cell membranes briefly 【生】电穿孔，电子植入法(用电脉冲在细胞膜上穿孔，将 DNA 或染色体加入细菌等生物细胞中的方法) [ELECTRO- + PORE1 -ATION]

electropositive /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈpɒsitiv/ adj.  1  electrically positive 带正电的 2 Chem. (of an element) tending to lose electrons in chemical reactions 【化】阳电的，电正(性)的

electroscope /iˈlektrəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for detecting and measuring electricity, esp. as an indication of the ionization of air by radioactivity 验电器(尤指用来测量由放射造成的气体电离程度的装置) □ electroscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

electro-shock /iˈlektrə(ʊ)ʃɒk/ attrib. adj. (of medical treatment) by means of electric shocks; electroconvulsive (疗法)电休克的

electrostatic /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈstætik/ adj.  of or relating to stationary electric charges or electrostatics 静电(放电)的，静电学的 [ELECTRO- + STATIC on the pattern of hydrostatic]

electrostatics /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈstætiks/ n.  the study of stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents 静电学

electrostatic units n. pl.  a system of units based primarily on the forces between electric charges 静电单位

electrotechnology /iˌlektrəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the application of electricity in technology 电工技术；电工学 □ electrotechnic  /-ˈteknik/ adj.  □ electrotechnical  /-ˈteknik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrotechnics  /-ˈtekniks/ n.  

electrotherapy /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of diseases by the use of electricity 电疗(法) □ electrotherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ electrotherapeutical  /-ˈpju:tik(ə)l/ adj.  □ electrotherapist  n.  

electrothermal /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  relating to heat electrically derived 电热的，电取暖的

electrotype /iˈlektrə(ʊ)taip/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  copy by the electrolytic deposition of copper on a mould, esp. for printing 把…制成电铸版(尤指制造印刷用版) ●n.  a copy so formed 电铸版 □ electrotyper  n.  

electrovalent /iˌlektrə(ʊ)ˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem. (of bonding) resulting from electrostatic attraction between ions 【化】电价的 □ electrovalence  n.  □ electrovalency  n.   [ELECTRO- + -valent, on the pattern of trivalent etc.]

electroweak /iˌlektrəʊˈwi:k/ adj. Physics  relating to or denoting electromagnetic and weak interactions regarded as manifestations of the same interaction 【物理学】电磁弱作用的

electrum /iˈlektrəm/ n.  1  an alloy of silver and gold used in ancient times (古代的)银金合金 2  native argentiferous gold ore (天然的)银金矿 [Middle English via Latin from Greek ēlektron ‘amber, electrum’]

electuary /iˈlektjʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  medicinal powder etc. mixed with honey or other sweet substance (与蜂蜜或其他甜味品混合而成的)药糖剂 [Middle English from Late Latin electuarium, probably via Greek ekleikton from ekleikhō ‘lick up’]

eleemosynary /ˌelii:ˈmɒsinəri, -ˈmɒz-/ adj.  1  of or dependent on alms 靠施舍为生的，靠人救济的 2  charitable 可怜的，让人怜悯的 3  gratuitous 免费的 [medieval Latin eleemosynarius from Late Latin eleemosyna: see ALMS]

elegant /ˈeliɡ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  graceful in appearance or manner (外表或举止)优雅的，高贵的 2  tasteful, refined 有品位的，格调高的 3 (of a mode of life etc.) of refined luxury (指生活方式等)豪华的，讲究的 4  ingeniously simple and pleasing 明快的，简洁的，简练的 5 US  excellent [美]出色的，优秀的 □ elegance  n.  □ elegantly  adv.   [French élégant or Latin elegant-, related to eligere: see ELECT]

elegiac /eliˈdʒaiək/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a metre) used for elegies (指韵律)挽歌体的，哀歌韵律的 2  mournful 哀悼的，悲哀的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  verses in an elegiac metre 挽歌，哀歌 □ elegiacally  adv.   [French élégiaque or from Late Latin elegiacus from Greek elegeiakos: see ELEGY]

elegiac couplet n.  a pair of lines consisting of a dactylic hexameter and a pentameter, esp. in Greek and Latin verse 挽歌对句(一种有六步格和五步格长短句的诗歌体，尤见于希腊、拉丁诗歌中)

elegize /ˈelidʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 upon)  write an elegy 写哀歌，写挽诗 2 intr.  write in a mournful strain 以哀伤的笔调写作 3 tr.  write an elegy upon 写哀歌，写悼词 □ elegist  n.  

elegy /ˈelidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a song of lament, esp. for the dead (sometimes vaguely used of other poems) 哀歌 , (尤指)挽歌(有时亦含蓄地被用于其他诗歌中) 2  a poem in elegiac metre 哀歌体的诗，哀诗 [French élégie or Latin elegia from Greek elegeia, from elegos ‘mournful poem’]

element /ˈelim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a component part or group; a contributing factor or thing 因素，要素，成分 2 Chem. & Physics  any of the hundred or so substances that cannot be resolved by chemical means into simpler substances, each consisting of atoms with the same atomic number 【化】【物理学】元素 3  a  any of the four substances (earth, water, air, and fire) in ancient and medieval philosophy (古代及中世纪哲学中论述的)世间四大元素(土、水、风和火)之一b  any of these as a being's natural abode or environment 生存环境；自然环境 4  a resistance wire that heats up in an electric heater, cooker, etc.; an electrode (电炉等电热器具中使用的)电热丝，电极 5 (in pl. 用复数)  atmospheric agencies, esp. wind and storm 自然力(尤指风与暴风雨) 6 (in pl. 用复数)  the rudiments of learning or of a branch of knowledge 初级知识，初步知识，基本知识 7 (in pl. 用复数)  the bread and wine of the Eucharist 圣餐仪式中用的面包和葡萄酒 8 Math. & Logic  an entity that is a single member of a set 【数】【逻辑学】(集合中的)元素 □ in (or out of) one's element   in (or out of) one's accustomed or preferred surroundings 在适宜(或习惯)的环境中(外) [Middle English via Old French from Latin elementum]

elemental /eliˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the four elements (古代)四元素的 2  of the powers of nature 自然力的  elemental worship  自然力崇拜 3  comparable to a force of nature 可与自然力比拟的  elemental grandeur  威严 elemental tumult  激烈的吵闹 4  uncompounded 单质的；基本的；元素的  elemental oxygen  单质氧 5  essential 基本的，根本的，基础的 ●n.  an entity or force thought to be physically manifested by occult means 神秘之力，超自然力 □ elementalism  n. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 和 2)   [medieval Latin elementalis (as ELEMENT)]

elementary /eliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  a  dealing with or arising from the simplest facts of a subject; rudimentary, introductory 初级的，初等的，初步的b  simple 简单的，容易的 2 Chem.  not decomposable 【化】元素的，不可再分的 □ elementarily  adv.  □ elementariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin elementarius (as ELEMENT)]

elementary particle n.  a subatomic particle, esp. one not known to be decomposable into simpler particles 基本粒子

elementary school n.  1 Brit. hist.  a school in which primary instruction is given [英史义]小学 2 US  a primary school for usu. the first six or eight grades [美]小学，初等学校(通常指一至六或八年级)

elenchus /iˈleŋkəs/ n. (pl. elenchi /-kai/) Logic  logical refutation 【逻辑学】逻辑反驳，间接反驳 □ elenctic  adj.   [Latin from Greek elegkhos]

elephant /ˈelif(ə)nt/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or elephants)  1  the largest living land animal, of which two species survive, the larger African  Loxodonta africana  非洲象 and the smaller Indian  Elephas maximus  亚洲象, both with a trunk and long curved ivory tusks 象，大象 2 Brit.  a size of paper (711 × 584mm) [英]一种纸张尺寸 (711 × 584 毫米) □ elephantoid  /-ˈfæntɔid/ adj.   [Middle English olifaunt etc. from Old French oli-, elefant, ultimately via Latin elephantus, elephans from Greek elephas -antos ‘ivory, elephant’]

elephant-bird n.  an extinct giant flightless bird of Madagascar, of the genus Aepyornis 隆鸟(一种已灭绝，不会飞的巨鸟，产于马达加斯加)

elephant grass n.  any of various tall African grasses, esp. Pennisetum purpureum 象草(产于非洲的高大野草)，象草香蒲

elephantiasis /ˌelif(ə)nˈtaiəsis/ n.  gross enlargement of the body, esp. the limbs, due to lymphatic obstruction by a nematode parasite transmitted by mosquitoes 象皮病 [Latin from Greek (as ELEPHANT)]

elephantine /eliˈfæntain/ adj.  1  of elephants 大象的 2  a  huge 巨大的，硕大的b  clumsy, unwieldy 笨重的，笨拙的  elephantine movements  笨拙的行动 elephantine humour  不得体的幽默 [Latin elephantinus from Greek elephantinos (as ELEPHANT)]

elephant seal n.  a very large seal of the genus Mirounga, the male of which has an inflatable snout Also called 亦称作 sea elephant 象海豹，海象

elephant shrew n.  any small insect-eating mammal of the family Macroscelididae, native to Africa, having a long snout and long hind limbs 象鼩(产于非洲，鼻子与后肢较长)

Eleusinian /eljʊˈsiniən/ adj.  of or relating to Eleusis near Athens 依洛西斯(古希腊城市，靠近雅典)的 [Latin Eleusinius from Greek Eleusinios]

Eleusinian mysteries n. pl. Gk Hist.  the annual celebrations held at ancient Eleusis in honour of Demeter [希]【史】依洛西斯秘仪(每年一度在西斯古城举行的宗教仪式，祭祀谷物女神得墨忒耳)

elevate /ˈeliveit/ v. tr.  1  bring to a higher position 提，升，使抬高 2 Eccl.  hold up (the Host or the chalice) for adoration 【教会】(做弥撒时)高举(圣饼或圣餐杯) 3  raise, lift (one's eyes etc.) 抬起(眼睛等) 4  raise the axis of (a gun) 举起(枪瞄准) 5  raise (a railway etc.) above ground level 架高(铁轨) 6  exalt in rank etc. 晋升职位 7 (usu. as 通常作 elevated adj.)  raise morally or intellectually (在道德上、智力上)提高的；变得高尚的  elevated style  高尚的风格 8 (as 作 elevated adj.) colloq.  slightly drunk [口]微醉的，轻醉的 □ elevatory  adj.   [Latin elevare ‘raise’ (as E-, levis ‘light’)]

elevation /eliˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of elevating or being elevated 提高，抬起，举起，升起b  the angle with the horizontal, esp. of a gun or of the direction of a celestial object 仰角(尤指射击或天体定位中的角度)c  the height above a given level, esp. sea level 高度(尤指海拔高度)d  a high place or position 高度，高处 2  a  a drawing or diagram made by projection on a vertical plane (cf. 参见 PLAN n.) 立视图b  a flat drawing of the front, side, or back of a house etc. (房屋等的)正(或背)面图 3 Ballet 【芭蕾舞】  a  the capacity of a dancer to attain height in springing movements 空中动作，腾空技巧b  the action of tightening the muscles and uplifting the body (芭蕾中)演员收紧腹肌，抬高身姿的动作 □ elevational  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French elevation or Latin elevatio: see ELEVATE]

elevator /ˈeliveitə/ n.  1  a hoisting machine 升降机 2 Aeron.  the movable part of a tailplane for changing the pitch of an aircraft 【空】飞机尾翼上的升降舵 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  = LIFTn. 电梯b  a place for lifting and storing quantities of grain (能进行吊卸、储存的)谷物仓库，粮囤 4  that which elevates, esp. a muscle that raises a limb 能提起他物的(器具、肌肉等), (尤指)提起臂、腿部的上提肌 [modern Latin (as ELEVATE)]

eleven /iˈlev(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than ten; the sum of six units and five units 十一 2  a symbol for this 表示十一的符号 (11, xi, XI) 3  a size etc. denoted by eleven (尺寸等)十一号 4  eleven o'clock 11 点 5  a set or team of eleven individuals 11 (人)为一队， 11 个为一套 ●adj.  that amount to eleven (数目)十一的 [Old English endleofon, from Germanic]

elevenfold /iˈlev(ə)nfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  eleven times as much or as many 十一倍的 2  consisting of eleven parts 有十一份的，可分成十一份的

eleven-plus n. esp. hist. (in the UK) an examination taken at the age of 11 － 12 to determine the type of secondary school a child should enter [史义] (英国)11 至 12 岁儿童参加的(分类)考试

elevenses /iˈlev(ə)nziz/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. colloq.  light refreshment, usu. with tea or coffee, taken about 11 a.m [英口]早茶(早上 11 点左右吃的通常带茶或咖啡的点心)

eleventh /iˈlev(ə)nθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 11 in the sequence 1 － 11 第十一 2  something occupying this position 第十一位，第十一个 3  one of eleven equal parts of a thing 十一分之一 4 Mus.  a  an interval or chord spanning an octave and a third in the diatonic scale 【音】十一度音程式和声b  a note separated from another by this interval 音高相差为 11 度的音 ●adj.  that is the eleventh 第十一的 □ the eleventh hour   the last possible moment 最后机会，最后时刻

elevon /ˈelivɒn/ n. Aeron.  the movable part of the trailing edge of a delta wing 【空】三角翼的升降副翼 [ELEVATOR + AILERON]

elf /elf/ n. (pl. elves /elvz/)  1  a mythological being, esp. one that is small and mischievous 精灵 , (尤指个子矮小、喜欢恶作剧的)小精灵 2  a sprite or little creature 小妖精，小东西，小家伙 □ elfish  adj.  □ elvish  adj.   [Old English, from Germanic]

elfin /ˈelfin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of elves; elflike (似)矮人的，小精灵的 ●n. archaic  a dwarf; a child [古义]小矮人；小孩子 [ELF, perhaps influenced by Middle English elvene, genitive pl. of elf, and by Elphin, the name of a character in Arthurian romance]

elf-lock n.  a tangled mass of hair 卷结的头发

elicit /iˈlisit/ v. tr. (elicited, eliciting)  1  draw out, evoke (an admission, response, etc.) 使说出，引出；引起(回响) 2  draw forth (what is latent) 引出(潜在的东西), 使得出 □ elicitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elicitor  n.   [Latin elicere elicit- (as E-, lacere ‘entice’)]

elide /iˈlaid/ v. tr.  omit (a vowel or syllable) by elision 省略(元音或音节) [Latin elidere elis- ‘crush out’ (as E-, laedere ‘knock’)]

eligible /ˈelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fit or entitled to be chosen 有资格(参加)的，有权参选的，符合参与条件的  eligible for a rebate  有资格取回扣的 2  desirable or suitable, esp. as a partner in marriage 需要的，想要的；合适的(尤指适合作为婚姻伴侣的) □ eligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ eligibly  adv.   [French éligible from Late Latin eligibilis (as ELECT)]

eliminate /iˈlimineit/ v. tr.  1  remove, get rid of 除去，除掉，消灭掉 2  exclude from consideration; ignore as irrelevant 忽略，略去 3  exclude from further participation in a competition etc. on defeat (比赛)淘汰，出局；落选 4 Physiol.  discharge (waste matter) 【生理】排泄，排放 5 Chem.  remove (a simpler substance) from a compound 【化】消去，消除 6 Algebra  remove (a quantity) by combining equations 【代数】消(元)，消去 □ eliminable  /-nəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ elimination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eliminator  n.  □ eliminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin eliminare (as E-, limen liminis ‘threshold’)]

ELINT /iˈlint/ n. (also 亦作 Elint)  covert intelligence-gathering by electronic means 用电子手段收集情报，电子侦察 [electronic intelligence]

Elisabeth /iˈlizəbəθ/   伊丽莎白 [人名]

elision /iˈliʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the omission of a vowel or syllable in pronouncing (as in 如 I'm, let's, e'en) 省音(发音中省去某些元音或音节), 元音溶合 2  the omission of a passage in a book etc. (书中章节的)省略，略去，删除 [Late Latin elisio (as ELIDE)]

elite /eiˈli:t, i-/ n. (also 亦作 élite)  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the best or choice part of a larger body or group 精英，杰出的人或团体，出类拔萃的人 2  a select group or class 上层人士；知名人士 3  a size of letter in typewriting (12 per inch) 打字机字号的尺寸(每英寸 12 个字母) [French from obsolete past part. of élire ‘elect’, from Romanic]

elitism /eiˈli:tiz(ə)m, i-/ n. (also 亦作 élitism)  1  advocacy of or reliance on leadership or dominance by a select group 鼓吹依靠上流人士、杰出人士来领导的理论，上流人士统治论 2  a sense of belonging to an elite (高人一等的)优越感 □ elitist  n. & adj. (also 亦作 élitist)  

elixir /iˈliksə, -siə/ n.  1  a  a preparation supposedly able to change metals into gold 炼金药b (in full 全称 elixir of life)  a preparation supposedly able to prolong life indefinitely 长生不老药c  a supposed remedy for all ills 万能药，包治百病的灵丹妙药 2 Pharm.  an aromatic solution used as a medicine or flavouring 【药】酏剂(作药或作口味添加剂用) [Middle English via medieval Latin from Arabic al-iksīr, from al ‘the’ + iksīr, probably from Greek xērion ‘powder for drying wounds’ from xēros ‘dry’]

Eliza /iˈlaizə/   伊莱扎 [人名]

Elizabeth /iˈlizəbəθ/   伊丽莎白 [人名]

Elizabethan /iˌlizəˈbi:θ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the time of Queen Elizabeth I (1558 － 1603) or of Queen Elizabeth II (1952 －) 伊丽莎白一世时代的或伊丽莎白二世时代的 ●n.  a person, esp. a writer, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I or II 伊丽莎白一世或二世时代的人(尤指作家)

elk /elk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or elks)  1  a large deer, Alces alces, of northern Eurasia and N. America, with palmate antlers and a growth of skin hanging from the neck; also called moose 麋鹿(在北美称驼鹿) 2 N. Amer.  a wapiti [北美]美洲赤鹿 [Middle English, probably representing Old English elh, eolh]

elk-hound n.  1  a large hunting dog of a Scandinavian breed with a shaggy coat (挪威)猎狗 2  this breed 有猎狗血统的狗

ell /el/ n. hist.  a former measure of length, about 45 inches [史义]厄尔(旧时的长度计量单位 , 1 厄尔约为 45 英寸) [Old English eln, related to Latin ulna: see ULNA]

Ella /ˈelə/   埃拉 [人名]

Ellen /ˈelin/   埃伦 [人名]

Ellie /ˈeli/   埃利 [人名]

ellipse /iˈlips/ n.  a regular oval, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base (cf. 参见 HYPERBOLA) 椭圆 [French via Latin ellipsus from Greek elleipsis, from elleipō ‘come short’ from en ‘in’ + leipō ‘leave’]

ellipsis /iˈlipsis/ n. (also 亦作 ellipse) (pl. ellipses /-si:z/)  1  the omission from a sentence of words needed to complete the construction or sense (句中词语的)省略 2  the omission of a sentence at the end of a paragraph (段末句子的)省略 3  a set of three dots etc. indicating an omission 省略号，表示省略的“…”符号

ellipsoid /iˈlipsɔid/ n.  a solid of which all the plane sections normal to one axis are circles and all the other plane sections are ellipses 椭圆体 □ ellipsoidal  /elipˈsɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

elliptic /iˈliptik/ adj. (also 亦作 elliptical)  of, relating to, or having the form of an ellipse or ellipsis 椭圆的，椭圆形的 □ elliptically  adv.  □ ellipticity  /elipˈtisiti/ n.   [Greek elleiptikos ‘defective’, from elleipō (as ELLIPSE)]

elm /elm/ n.  1 (also 亦作 elm tree)  any tree of the genus Ulmus, with rough serrated leaves, esp. (in full 全称 English elm) U. procera 榆(树) 2 (in full 全称 elmwood /ˈelmwʊd/)  the wood of the elm 榆木 □ elmy  adj.   [Old English, related to Latin ulmus]

Elmer /ˈelmə/   埃尔默 [人名]

elocution /eləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the art of clear and expressive speech, esp. of distinct pronunciation and articulation 演讲的技巧，演讲术，(尤指)吐字发音和吐字清晰 2  a particular style of speaking 一种演讲风格 □ elocutionary  adj.  □ elocutionist  n.   [Latin elocutio from eloqui elocut- ‘speak out’ (as E-, loqui ‘speak’)]

elongate /ˈi:lɒŋɡeit/ v. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  lengthen, prolong 拉长，伸长，使拉长，使伸长 2 intr. esp. Biol.  grow longer (尤)【生】生得细长，长得较长 ●adj. Bot. & Zool. 【植】【动】  = ELONGATED 1  [Late Latin elongare (as E-, Latin longus ‘long’)]

elongated /ˈi:lɒŋɡeitid/ adj.  1  long in relation to its width 细长的，伸长的；狭长的(相对宽度而言) 2  that has been made longer 拉长的；延长的，伸长的

elongation /i:lɒŋˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of lengthening; the process of being lengthened 延长；伸长；拉长 2  a part of a line etc. formed by lengthening 延长线 3 Mech.  the amount of extension under stress 【机】延伸率 4 Astron.  the angular separation of a planet from the sun or of a satellite from a planet 【天】距(角) [Middle English from Late Latin elongatio (as ELONGATE)]

elope /iˈləʊp/ v. intr.  1  run away to marry secretly, esp. without parental consent 私奔，秘密结婚(尤指未经父母同意) 2  run away with a lover 与情人一起私奔，出逃 □ elopement  n.  □ eloper  n.   [Anglo-French aloper, perhaps from a Middle English form alope, related to LEAP]

eloquence /ˈeləkwəns/ n.  1  fluent and effective use of language 雄辩，流利的口才 2  rhetoric 能言善辩，善于言辞，有口才 [Middle English via Old French from Latin eloquentia, from eloqui ‘speak out’ (as E-, loqui ‘speak’)]

eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/ adj.  1  possessing or showing eloquence 有口才的，雄辩的，口才流利的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  clearly expressive or indicative 表达清楚的；明白显示的 □ eloquently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin eloqui (as ELOQUENCE)]

Elroy /ˈelrɒi/   埃尔罗伊 [人名]

El Salvador   萨尔瓦多

Elsan /ˈelsæn/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of transportable chemical lavatory [英] [商标]爱尔生马桶(一种通过化学方法除臭的可移动马桶) [apparently from E. L. Jackson (its manufacturer) + SANITATION]

else /els/ adv.  1  besides; in addition 此外，另外  someone else  其他人 nowhere else  没有其他地方 who else  其他还有谁 2  instead; other, different 别的，另外的，除此以外的  what else could I say?  我还能说什么？ he did not love her, but someone else  他不爱她，他爱的是别人 3  otherwise; if not 否则，假如…则…  run, (or) else you will be late  快跑，否则你要迟到了 [Old English elles, related to Latin alius, Greek allos]

elsewhere /elsˈwɛə, ˈelswɛə/ adv.  in or to some other place 其他地方 [Old English elles hwœˉr (as ELSE, WHERE)]

Elsie /ˈelsi/   埃尔西 [人名]

Elspeth /ˈelspəθ/   埃尔斯佩思 [人名]

eluant var.  of ELUENT  ELUENT 的变体

eluate /ˈelju:ət, -eit/ n. Chem.  a solution or gas stream obtained by elution 【化】洗出液 [formed as ELUENT]

elucidate /iˈlu:sideit, iˈlju:-/ v. tr.  throw light on; explain 解释，阐明 □ elucidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ elucidative  adj.  □ elucidator  n.  □ elucidatory  adj.   [Late Latin elucidare (as E-, LUCID)]

elude /iˈlu:d, iˈlju:d/ v. tr.  1  escape adroitly from (a danger, difficulty, pursuer, etc.); dodge (机敏地)逃脱，逃避，躲避(危险、困难、追逐等) 2  avoid compliance with (a law, request, etc.) or fulfilment of (an obligation) 逃避，躲避(法律、责任或义务) 3 (of a fact, solution, etc.) escape from or baffle (a person's memory or understanding) (事实、办法等)不记得，不为…所理解；被…难倒 □ elusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin eludere elus- (as E-, ludere ‘play’)]

eluent /ˈeljʊənt/ n. (also 亦作 eluant) Chem.  a fluid used for elution 【化】洗出液 [Latin eluere ‘wash out’ (as E-, luere lut- ‘wash’)]

elusive /iˈlu:siv, iˈlju:-/ adj.  1  difficult to find or catch; tending to elude 难捉住的；难找到的；要逃走的 2  difficult to remember or recall 记不住的，难记的，难追忆的 3 (of an answer etc.) avoiding the point raised; seeking to elude 回避，躲避，规避(回答等) □ elusively  adv.  □ elusiveness  n.  

elute /iˈlu:t, iˈlju:t/ v. tr. Chem.  remove (an adsorbed substance) by washing with a solvent 【化】洗脱 □ elution  n.   [German eluieren (as ELUENT)]

elutriate /iˈlu:trieit, iˈlju:-/ v. tr. Chem.  separate (lighter and heavier particles in a mixture) by suspension in an upward flow of liquid or gas 【化】淘选，淘洗，淘析(将较轻、较重的物质从上层悬浮气液中分离出来) □ elutriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin elutriare elutriat- (as E-, lutriare ‘wash’)]

elver /ˈelvə/ n.  a young eel 幼鳗 [variant of eelfare (from obsolete fare ‘journey’) = a brood of young eels]

elves pl.  of ELF  

elvish  see 见 ELF 

Elysium /iˈliziəm/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Elysian Fields) (in Greek mythology) the abode of the blessed after death (希腊神话中死后居住的)乐土，极乐世界 2  a place or state of ideal happiness 乐园，天堂 □ Elysian  adj.   [Latin from Greek Elusion (pedion ‘plain’)]

elytron /ˈelitrɒn/ n. (pl. elytra /-trə/)  each of the two wing-cases of a beetle (甲虫的)鞘翅 [Greek elutron ‘sheath’]

'em /əm/ pron. colloq.  them [口]他(她)们，它们  let 'em all come  让他们都来吧 [originally a form of Middle English hem, dative and accusative 3rd person pl. pronoun: now regarded as an abbreviation of THEM]

em /em/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a unit for measuring the amount of printed matter in a line, usually equal to the nominal width of capital M 行长单位(一行中印刷符号的个数，通常以大写字母 M 的宽度为基准) 2  a unit of measurement equal to 12 points 十二点(活字)长度 [name of the letter M]

em- /im, em/ prefix  assim. form of EN-1, EN-2 before b, p 用于字母 b, p 前 EN-1, EN-2 的同化形式

emaciate /iˈmeisieit, iˈmeiʃ-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 emaciated adj.)  make abnormally thin or feeble 使(不正常地)消瘦；使虚弱，使衰弱 □ emaciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin emaciare emaciat- (as E-, macies ‘leanness’)]

e-mail /ˈi:meil/ n. & v. (also 亦作 email) ●n.  = ELECTRONIC MAIL  ●v. tr.  1  send e-mail to (a person) (向某人)发送电子邮件 2  send by e-mail 通过电子邮件传递

emanate /ˈeməneit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) (of an idea, rumour, etc.) issue, originate (from a source) (消息、谣言等)起于，源于，始发于 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) (of gas, light, etc.) proceed, issue (气体、光线等)发射，散发，发出 3 tr.  emit; send forth 发射，发出，散发 [Latin emanare ‘flow out’]

emanation /eməˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of emanating 发射，散发 2  something that emanates from a source (esp. of virtues, qualities, etc.) 发射物，散发物，显示出的气质(尤指美德、品质等) 3 Chem.  a radioactive gas formed by radioactive decay 【化】(由衰变产生的)射气 □ emanative  adj.   [Late Latin emanatio (as EMANATE)]

emancipate /iˈmænsipeit/ v. tr.  1  free from restraint, esp. legal, social, or political 解放，使自由(尤指法律、社会、政治上) 2 (usu. as 通常作 emancipated adj.)  cause to be less inhibited by moral or social convention (道德、社会传统上)解放(的)；松绑(的)，使不受束缚(的) 3  free from slavery 使(从被奴役的地位获得)解放 □ emancipation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emancipator  n.  □ emancipatory  adj.   [Latin emancipare ‘transfer property’ (as E-, manus ‘hand’ + capere ‘take’)]

emasculate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /iˈmæskjʊleit/  1  deprive of force or vigour; make feeble or ineffective 使无力，使…失去活力，使柔弱 2  castrate 阉割，去势 ●adj. /iˈmæskjʊlət/  1  deprived of force or vigour 无力的，柔弱的 2  castrated 阉割的，去势的 3  effeminate 女人气的，无男子气的，柔弱的 □ emasculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emasculator  n.  □ emasculatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin emasculatus, past part. of emasculare (as E-, masculus, diminutive of mas ‘male’)]

embalm /imˈbɑ:m, em-/ v. tr.  1  preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices, now by means of arterial injection 保存(尸体)使免于腐烂；对(尸体)进行防腐处理(古代用香料，现代通过血管注射防腐剂) 2  preserve from oblivion 使不被遗忘，使不被埋没 3  give balmy fragrance to 使有香味，使充满香气，使散发香气 □ embalmer  n.  □ embalmment  n.   [Middle English from Old French embaumer (as EN-1, BALM)]

embank /imˈbæŋk, em-/ v. tr.  shut in or confine (a river etc.) with an artificial bank 筑堤，筑堤围住(河流等)

embankment /imˈbæŋkm(ə)nt, em-/ n.  an earth or stone bank for keeping back water, or for carrying a road or railway 防护堤，(铁路、道路等的)护坡，护堤，路堤

embargo /emˈbɑ:ɡəʊ, im-/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  an order of a state forbidding foreign ships to enter, or any ships to leave, its ports (禁止外国船舶进出港口的)封港令 2  an official suspension of commerce or other activity (正式的)贸易限制，禁运  be under an embargo  遭受贸易禁运 3  an impediment 妨碍；障碍，阻碍 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  place (ships, trade, etc.) under embargo 对(船只、贸易等)实施限制、实施禁运 2  seize (a ship, goods) for state service 征用(船只、货物等)为国家服务 [Spanish from embargar ‘arrest’, from Romanic (as IN-2, BAR1)]

embark /imˈbɑ:k, em-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  put or go on board a ship or aircraft (to a destination) 登机，登船 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  engage in an activity or undertaking 从事，着手做… □ embarkation  /embɑ:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [French embarquer (as IN-2, BARK3)]

embarras de choix /ɒmˌbæræ: də ˈʃwɑ:, 法 ɑ˜bara də ʃwa/ n. (also 亦作 embarras de richesse(s) /ri:ˈʃes, 法 riʃɛs/)  more choices than one needs or can deal with (机会多得)无从选择，应付不过来 [French, = embarrassment of choice, riches]

embarrass /imˈbærəs, em-/ v. tr.  1  cause (a person) to feel awkward or self-conscious or ashamed 使发窘，使尴尬，使害臊 2 (as 作 embarrassed adj.)  encumbered with debts (因债务)使拮拘，使窘困 3  hamper, impede 妨碍，阻碍 4  complicate (a question etc.) 使(问题)复杂化 5  perplex 使困惑，使费解 □ embarrassedly  adv.  □ embarrassingly  adv.  □ embarrassment  n.   [French embarrasser via Spanish embarazar from Italian imbarrare ‘bar in’ (as IN-2, BAR1)]

embassy /ˈembəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the residence or offices of an ambassador 大使馆，大使官邸或办公室b  the ambassador and staff attached to an embassy 使馆全体人员，大使及使馆工作人员 2  a deputation or mission to a foreign country 外交代表团；驻外使团 [earlier ambassy via Old French ambassée etc. and medieval Latin ambasciata from Romanic (as AMBASSADOR)]

embattle /imˈbæt(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  1  a  set (an army etc.) in battle array 使列阵，使军队成战斗序列b  fortify against attack 使严阵以待，使准备战斗 2  provide (a building or wall) with battlements (对建筑物或围墙)筑防，设防 3 (as 作 embattled adj.)  a  prepared or arrayed for battle 准备好战斗(的)，严阵以待(的)b  involved in a conflict or difficult undertaking 卷入冲突(的)，卷入纠纷(的)c Heraldry  like battlements in form 【纹章学】边缘呈雉堞形(的) [Middle English from Old French embataillier (as EN-1, BATTLE): see BATTLEMENT]

embay /imˈbei, em-/ v. tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  1  enclose in or as in a bay; shut in 围住，环抱，关入 2  form (a coast) into bays 形成海湾 □ embayment  n.  

embed /imˈbed, em-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 imbed) (-bedded, -bedding)  1 (esp. as 尤作 embedded adj.)  fix firmly in a surrounding mass 植入，扎牢，嵌入  embedded in concrete  嵌入水泥中 2 (of a mass) surround so as to fix firmly 围住使紧固，包裹固定 3  place in or as in a bed 埋入，扎牢 □ embedment  n.  

embellish /imˈbeliʃ, em-/ v. tr.  1  beautify, adorn 美化，装饰，打扮 2  add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions (对叙述进行)修饰，渲染，润色 □ embellisher  n.  □ embellishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French embellir (as EN-1, bel ‘handsome’ from Latin bellus)]

ember1 /ˈembə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a small piece of glowing coal or wood in a dying fire 未燃尽的煤块；余烬，余火 2  an almost extinct residue of a past activity, feeling, etc. 快要逝去的旧情，逐渐淡漠的感情，未尽的事宜 [Old English œˉmyrge, from Germanic]

ember2 /ˈembə/ n. (in full 全称 ember-goose)  = GREAT NORTHERN DIVER 大白嘴潜鸟 [Norwegian emmer]

Ember days /ˈembə/ n. pl.  any of the days traditionally reserved for fasting and prayer in the Christian Church, now associated with ordinations (天主教的)四季斋期，四季节 [Old English ymbren, perhaps from ymbryne ‘period’, from ymb ‘about’ + ryne ‘course’]

embezzle /imˈbez(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  divert (usu. company or public funds) fraudulently to one's own use 盗用，侵占(公款) □ embezzlement  n.  □ embezzler  n.   [Anglo-French embesiler (as EN-1, Old French besillier ‘maltreat, ravage’, of unknown origin)]

embitter /imˈbitə, em-/ v. tr.  1  arouse bitter feelings in (a person) 使痛苦，使难受 2  make more bitter or painful 使更加痛苦，使恶化，使加剧 3  render (a person or feelings) hostile 激怒，使愤怒，触怒 □ embitterment  n.  

emblazon /imˈbleiz(ə)n, em-/ v. tr.  1  a  portray conspicuously, as on a heraldic shield (在纹章盾徽上等醒目地)描绘b  adorn (a shield) with heraldic devices 用纹章装饰(盾徽) 2  adorn brightly and conspicuously 用鲜艳的色彩装饰，炫示 3  celebrate, extol 赞美，颂扬，庆贺 □ emblazonment  n.  

emblem /ˈembləm/ n.  1  a symbol or representation typifying or identifying an institution, quality, etc. (机构、质量等的)象征，标志 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) (of a person) the type (指人的)类型，气质  the very emblem of courage  非常勇敢型的 3  a heraldic device or symbolic object as a distinctive badge 徽章，纹章 □ emblematic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ emblematical  /-ˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ emblematically  /-ˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Latin emblema from Greek emblēma -matos ‘insertion’, from emballō ‘throw in’ (as EN-1, ballō ‘throw’)]

emblematize /emˈblemətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  serve as an emblem of 作为…象征，作…标志 2  represent by an emblem 用符号代表，用徽章象征

emblements /ˈemblim(ə)nts/ n. pl. Law  crops normally harvested annually, regarded as personal property 【法律】(作为个人财产的当年)庄稼收益 [Middle English from Old French emblaement, from emblaier (as EN-1, blé ‘corn’)]

embody /imˈbɒdi, em-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  give a concrete or discernible form to (an idea, concept, etc.) 使(主意、观念等)得以体现，使具体化 2 (of a thing or person) be an expression of (an idea etc.) (事物或人)具体体现(某种想法等)，成为化身 3  express tangibly 具体体现  courage embodied in heroic actions  英雄行为体现出的勇气 4  form into a body 纳入，包含，包括 5  include, comprise 收入，编入 6  provide (a spirit) with bodily form 赋予(精神)具体的形态；使具有躯体 □ embodiment  n.  

embolden /imˈbəʊld(ə)n, em-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  make bold; encourage 鼓励；使勇敢；使有胆量

embolism /ˈembəliz(ə)m/ n. Med.  an obstruction of an artery by a clot of blood, air bubble, etc. 【医】栓塞(血栓、气泡等) [Middle English, = intercalation, via Late Latin embolismus from Greek embolismos, from emballō (as EMBLEM)]

embolus /ˈembələs/ n. (pl. emboli /-lai, i:/)  an object causing an embolism 栓子(造成栓塞的物体) [Latin, = piston, from Greek embolos ‘peg, stopper’]

embonpoint /ɒmbɒnˈpwɑ˜/ n.  plumpness (of a person) (指人的)丰满，丰腴；肥胖 [French en bon point ‘in good condition’]

embosom /imˈbʊz(ə)m, em-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  embrace 拥抱，怀抱，搂抱 2  enclose, surround 包围，环绕，围绕

emboss /imˈbɒs, em-/ v. tr.  1  carve or mould in relief 刻浮雕；用浮雕装饰 2  form figures etc. so that they stand out on (a surface) 在平面上(做)浮雕图案 3  make protuberant 使隆起，使凸起 □ embosser  n.  □ embossment  n.   [Middle English, from Old French (as EN-1, BOSS2)]

embouchure /ɒmbʊˈʃʊə/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  the mode of applying the mouth to the mouthpiece of a brass or wind instrument 吹奏管乐器时的口形b  the mouthpiece of some instruments (乐器的)吹口 2  the mouth of a river 河口 3  the opening of a valley 峡口，谷口 [French from s'emboucher ‘discharge itself by the mouth’ (as EN-1, bouche ‘mouth’)]

embowel /imˈbɑʊ(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (embowelled, embowelling; US [美] emboweled, emboweling) archaic  = DISEMBOWEL  [Old French emboweler from esboueler (as EX-1, BOWEL)]

embower /imˈbɑʊə, em-/ v. tr. literary  enclose as in a bower [文学用语]用树阴遮盖，用凉亭遮蔽

embrace /imˈbreis, em-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  hold (a person) closely in the arms, esp. as a sign of affection 拥抱，把…拥入怀中(尤指表示爱意)b (absol. [含宾], of two people)  hold each other closely (两人)拥抱，搂抱 2  clasp, enclose 围在一起，团成一团 3  accept eagerly (an offer, opportunity, etc.) 欣然接受，乐于采纳(别人的帮助、机会等) 4  adopt (a course of action, doctrine, cause, etc.) 采取，接受(行为方式、信念、事业等) 5  include, comprise 收录，编入 6  take in with the eye or mind 看到，领会，体察 ●n.  an act of embracing; holding in the arms 拥抱，怀抱，搂抱 □ embraceable  adj.  □ embracement  n.  □ embracer  n.   [Middle English from Old French embracer, ultimately from Latin in- IN-1 + bracchium ‘arm’]

embranchment /imˈbrɑ:n(t)ʃm(ə)nt, em-/ n.  a branching-out (of the arm of a river etc.) (河流的)分支，分叉，支流 [French embranchement BRANCH (as EN-1, BRANCH)]

embrasure /imˈbreiʒə, em-/ n.  1  the bevelling of a wall at the sides of a door or window; splaying 门、窗边的斜面墙，漏斗状斜面墙 2  a small opening in a parapet of a fortified building, splayed on the inside 斜面墙洞 □ embrasured  adj.   [French from embraser ‘splay’, of unknown origin]

embrittle /imˈbrit(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  make brittle 使变脆，使易碎 □ embrittlement  n.  

embrocation /embrəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a liquid used for rubbing on the body to relieve muscular pain etc. (减轻肌肉疼痛的)擦剂 [French embrocation or medieval Latin embrocatio, ultimately from Greek embrokhē ‘lotion’]

embroider /imˈbrɔidə, em-/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  decorate (cloth etc.) with needlework 在(布等上)绣花，刺绣b  create (a design) in this way 在…上绣(图案)，给…刺绣，艺术刺绣 2  add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions (对故事)渲染，修饰 □ embroiderer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enbrouder (as EN-1, Old French brouder, broisder from Germanic)]

embroidery /imˈbrɔid(ə)ri, em-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art of embroidering 刺绣(艺术) 2  embroidered work; a piece of this 绣品 3  unnecessary or extravagant ornament 不必要(或过多)的修饰 4  fictitious additions to (a story etc.) 对(故事等的)渲染，修饰 [Middle English from Anglo-French enbrouderie (as EMBROIDER)]

embroil /imˈbrɔil, em-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  involve (a person) in conflict or difficulties 使(人)陷入…(困境)，使(人)卷入…是非，使人遭遇麻烦 2  bring (affairs) into a state of confusion 使(事情)陷入混乱状态，把事情搅乱 □ embroilment  n.   [French embrouiller (as EN-1, BROIL2)]

embryo /ˈembriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  an unborn or unhatched offspring 胚胎b  a human offspring in the first eight weeks from conception 受孕后 8 周内的人类胚胎 2  a rudimentary plant contained in a seed (植物的)胚，胚芽 3  a thing in a rudimentary stage 萌芽阶段的事物，初期的事物 4 (作 attrib.)  undeveloped, immature 未长成的，未成熟的 □ in embryo   undeveloped 在胚胎阶段，未成熟的□ embryoid  adj.  □ embryonal  /ˈembriən(ə)l/ adj.  □ embryonic  /embriˈɒnik/ adj.  □ embryonically  /-ˈɒnik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin embryo -onis from Greek embruon ‘foetus’ (as EN-2, bruō ‘swell, grow’)]

embryo- /ˈembriəʊ/ comb. form  embryo. [构词成分]胚胎(的)

embryogenesis /ˌembriəʊˈdʒenisis/ n.  the formation of an embryo 胚胎发生，胚胎生成

embryology /embriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of embryos 胚胎学 □ embryologic  /-briəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ embryological  /-briəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ embryologically  /-briəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ embryologist  n.  

embus /imˈbʌs, em-/ v. (embused, embusing or embussed, embussing) Mil. 【军】  1 tr.  put (troops, equipment, etc.) into a motor vehicle 把(士兵、装备)装上车 2 intr.  board a motor vehicle 乘上机动车

emcee /emˈsi:/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a master of ceremonies or compère 司仪，(节目)主持人 ●v. tr. & intr. (emcees, emceed)  compère 主持(节目)，作司仪 [the letters MC]

em dash n.  = EM RULE 

-eme /i:m/ suffix Linguistics  forming nouns denoting units of structure etc. (grapheme 书写单位 ; morpheme 语素) 【语言学】构成名词，表示“(结构等的)单位，元素” [French -ème ‘unit’ from Greek -ēma]

emend /iˈmend/ v. tr.  edit (a text etc.) to remove errors and corruptions 校订，校对，修改 □ emendation  /i:menˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emendator  /ˈi:mendeitə/ n.  □ emendatory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin emendare (as E-, menda ‘fault’)]

emerald /ˈem(ə)r(ə)ld/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a bright green precious stone, a variety of beryl 祖母绿(缘柱石的一种) 2 (in full 全称 emerald green)  the colour of this 祖母绿色，翡翠绿 3 (in full 全称 emerald moth)  any of several green geometrid moths 绿尺蠖蛾 ●adj. (in full 全称 emerald green; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  bright green 翡翠绿(的)，亮绿色(的) □ emeraldine  /-dain, -din/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French emeraude, esm-, ultimately from Greek smaragdos]

Emerald Isle n. literary  Ireland [文学用语]爱尔兰

emerge /iˈmɜ:dʒ/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  come up or out into view, esp. when formerly concealed 浮现，露出，现出(尤指以前隐藏着的) 2  come up out of a liquid 露出水面，浮出水面 3 (of facts, circumstances, etc.) come to light, become known, esp. as a result of enquiry etc. (事实、情况等)显现，露头，出现(尤指经询问后) 4  become recognized or prominent 露头，兴起  emerged as a leading contender  出头成为主要竞争者 5 (of a question, difficulty, etc.) become apparent (问题、困难等)显现，显露，突出 6  survive (an ordeal etc.) with a specified result (经磨难等后)存活  emerged unscathed  未受损伤而度过来的 □ emergence  n.   [Latin emergere emers- (as E-, mergere ‘dip’)]

emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sudden state of danger, conflict, etc., requiring immediate action 紧急情况，突发事件，需要马上处理的急事 2  a  a medical condition requiring immediate treatment 急症，急诊b  a patient with such a condition 急诊病人，急症病人 3 (作 attrib.)  characterized by or for use in an emergency 与紧急情况有关的，非常时刻用的  emergency exit  紧急出口 4 Austral. Sport  a reserve player [澳]【运动】后补队员，预备队员 [medieval Latin emergentia (as EMERGE)]

emergent /iˈmɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  becoming apparent; emerging 可看得见的，显现的 2 (of a nation) newly formed or made independent (国家)新成立的；新独立的

emeritus /iˈmeritəs, i:-/ adj.  1  retired and retaining one's title as an honour 退休并保留荣誉头衔的  emeritus professor  荣誉退休教授 professor emeritus  荣誉退休教授 2  honourably discharged from service 光荣退职的，光荣退休的 [Latin, past part. of emerēri (as E-, merēri ‘earn’)]

emerse /iˈmɜ:s/ adj. Bot. (of part of an aquatic plant) reaching above the surface of the water (opp. 反义 SUBMERSE) 【植】(水生植物)露出水面的，水上的 □ emersed  adj.  

emersion /iˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)n, i:-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of emerging, esp. from water 浮出，露头(尤指从水中) 2 Astron.  the reappearance of a celestial body after its eclipse or occultation 【天】复现(天体由被遮掩到重新再现) [Late Latin emersio (as EMERGE)]

emery /ˈem(ə)ri/ n.  1  a coarse rock of corundum and magnetite or haematite used for polishing metal or other hard materials 刚玉砂，金刚砂(作磨料用) 2 (作 attrib.)  covered with emery (纸、布等)附满刚玉砂的，铺满金刚砂的 [French émeri(l) from Italian smeriglio, ultimately from Greek smuris, smēris ‘polishing powder’]

emery board n.  a strip of thin wood or board coated with emery or another abrasive, used as a nail file 指甲砂锉

emery paper n. (also 亦作 emery cloth)  cloth or paper covered with emery, used for polishing or cleaning metals etc. 砂纸，砂布

emetic /iˈmetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that causes vomiting 使人呕吐的，催吐的 ●n.  an emetic medicine 催吐剂，催吐药 [Greek emetikos from emeō ‘vomit’]

EMF abbr. [缩略]  1 (usu. 通常作 emf)  electromotive force 电动势 2  electromagnetic field(s) 电磁场

-emia US var.  of -AEMIA [美] -AEMIA 的变体

emigrant /ˈemiɡr(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who emigrates 移民，移居国外(或外地)的人 ●adj.  emigrating 移民的，移居的

emigrate /ˈemiɡreit/ v.  1 intr.  leave one's own country to settle in another 移居国外(或境外) 2 tr.  assist (a person) to emigrate 帮助(某人)移居国外 □ emigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emigratory  adj.   [Latin emigrare emigrat- (as E-, migrare ‘depart’)]

Emily /ˈemili/   埃米莉 [人名]

eminence /ˈeminəns/ n.  1  distinction; recognized superiority 出众，显赫，著名 2  a piece of rising ground 高地，山丘 3 (作 Eminence)  a title used in addressing or referring to a cardinal 阁下，大人(对主教的尊称)  Your Eminence  主教阁下(直接称呼时用) His Eminence  主教阁下(间接提及时用) 4  an important person 重要人物，有地位的人士 [Latin eminentia (as EMINENT)]

eminent /ˈeminənt/ adj.  1  distinguished, notable 显赫的，卓越的，出众的 2 (of qualities) remarkable in degree (品格)出众的，优秀的，出色的 □ eminently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin eminēre eminent- ‘jut’]

eminent domain n.  sovereign control over all property in a state, with the right of expropriation (国家对私有财产的)征用权

emir /eˈmiə/ n.  1  a title of various Muslim rulers 埃米尔(对穆斯林国家中不同统治者的称呼) 2 archaic  a male descendant of Muhammad [古义]穆罕默德的男性子孙 [French émir from Arabic ˈamīr: cf. AMIR]

emirate /ˈemiərət/ n.  the rank, domain, or reign of an emir 埃米尔的职位或其管辖地；酋长国

emissary /ˈemis(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person sent on a special mission (usu. diplomatic, formerly usu. odious or underhand) 特使，密使(通常为外交上的，旧时通常为不光彩的或暗地的) [Latin emissarius ‘scout, spy’ (as EMIT)]

emission /iˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the process or an act of emitting 放出，发出，射出 2  a thing emitted 发出、射出、放出的东西(如光、电、气体等) [Latin emissio (as EMIT)]

emission spectrum n.  a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source 发射光谱

emissive /iˈmisiv/ adj.  having the power to radiate light, heat, etc. 能发出、射出(光、热)的 □ emissivity  /i:miˈsiviti/ n.  

emit /iˈmit/ v. tr. (emitted, emitting)  1  a  send out (heat, light, vapour, etc.) 发出，射出，放出(热、光、蒸气等)b  discharge from the body (由身体内)排出，散发出 2  utter (a cry etc.) 发出(叫喊声等) [Latin emittere emiss- (as E-, mittere ‘send’)]

emitter /iˈmitə/ n.  1  a thing which emits something 发射体 2 Electronics  a region in a transistor producing carriers of current 【电子学】(晶体管的)发射极

Emlyn /ˈemlin/   埃姆林 [人名]

Emma /ˈemə/   埃玛 [人名]

Emmental /ˈeməntɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 Emmenthal)  a kind of hard Swiss cheese with many holes in it, similar to Gruyère 埃曼塔尔干酪(一种硬的瑞士奶酪) [German Emmentaler from Emmental, a valley in Switzerland, where it is made]

emmer /ˈemə/ n.  a kind of wheat, Triticum dicoccum, grown mainly for fodder 二粒小麦(主要用作饲料) [German from old High German amer ‘spelt’]

emmet /ˈemit/ n. archaic or dial.  an ant [古义] [方]蚂蚁 [Old English œˉmete: see ANT]

Emmy /ˈemi/ n. (pl. Emmys) (in the US) a statuette awarded annually to an outstanding television programme or performer (美国)电视埃米(金像)奖(颁发给优秀的节目和出色的电视表演艺术家) [perhaps from Immy = image orthicon (a kind of television camera tube)]

emollient /iˈmɒliənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that softens or soothes the skin 使皮肤柔软、光滑的 ●n.  an emollient agent 润滑剂，润滑药 □ emollience  n.   [Latin emollire (as E-, mollis ‘soft’)]

emolument /iˈmɒljʊm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  a salary, fee, or profit from employment or office 薪金，工资，收入 [Middle English from Old French emolument or Latin emolumentum, originally probably ‘payment for corn-grinding’, from emolere (as E-, molere ‘grind’)]

emote /iˈməʊt/ v. intr. colloq.  show excessive emotion [口]强烈地表现情感，过火地表现情感 □ emoter  n.   [back-formation from EMOTION]

emotion /iˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong mental or instinctive feeling such as love or fear 情感，感情，情绪 2  emotional intensity or sensibility 激情  he spoke with emotion  他动情地说 □ emotionless  adj.   [earlier = agitation, disturbance of the mind, from French émotion, from émouvoir ‘excite’]

emotional /iˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to the emotions 激情的，动情的，激动的 2 (of a person) easily affected by or readily displaying emotion (指人)易受感动的，易激动的 3  expressing or based on emotion 表现情感的，基于感情的  an emotional appeal  激动的请求 4  arousing emotion 令人激动的，使人动情的，催人泪下的  an emotional issue  催人泪下的事 □ emotionalism  n.  □ emotionalist  n.  □ emotionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ emotionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ emotionally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EMOTIVE. 见 EMOTIVE 的用法说明。 

emotive /iˈməʊtiv/ adj.  1  of or characterized by emotion 感情的，情绪的 2  arousing emotion 激起感情的，让人动情的 3  arousing feeling; not purely descriptive 引发情感的，(叙述)带有感情色彩的 □ emotively  adv.  □ emotiveness  n.  □ emotivity  /i:məʊˈtiviti/ n.   [Latin emovēre emot- (as E-, movēre ‘move’)]■Usage 用法说明 Although the senses of emotive and emotional overlap, e.g. both an emotive issue and an emotional issue are common, emotive should not be used of people to mean ‘emotional’. It is wrong to say He is an emotive person unless what is meant is that he arouses emotion in others, and it is similarly incorrect to say They reacted emotively. 虽然 emotive 与 emotional 的含义部分重叠，如 an emotive issue 和 an emotional issue 都是常见的，但 emotive 不能用来表示人的情绪激动。我们不可以说 He is an emotive person ，除非我们是说他是一个让别人动情的人。同样，我们也不可以说 They reacted emotively 。 

empanel /imˈpæn(ə)l, em-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 impanel) (-panelled, -panelling; US [美] -paneled, -paneling)  enrol or enter on a panel (those eligible for jury service) 将(有陪审资格的人)列入陪审团名单 □ empanelment  n.   [Anglo-French empaneller (as EN-1, PANEL)]

empathize /ˈempəθaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise) Psychol. 【心】  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  exercise empathy 感情移入，神入 2 tr.  treat with empathy 同情，有同感，有共鸣

empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. Psychol.  the power of identifying oneself mentally with (and so fully comprehending) a person or object of contemplation 【心】移情，同情，同感 □ empathetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ empathetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.  □ empathic  /emˈpæθik/ adj.  □ empathically  /emˈpæθ-/ adv.  □ empathist  n.   [translation of German Einfühlung (from ein ‘in’ + Fühlung ‘feeling’), on the pattern of Greek empatheia: see SYMPATHY]

empennage /emˈpenidʒ/ n. Aeron.  an arrangement of stabilizing surfaces at the tail of an aircraft 【航】(飞机的)尾翼，尾部，尾翼面 [French, from empenner ‘to feather’ (an arrow)]

emperor /ˈemp(ə)rə/ n.  1  the sovereign of an empire 皇帝，(帝国的)君主 2  a sovereign of higher rank than a king (比国王大的)帝王，君主 □ emperorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French emperere, empereor from Latin imperator -oris, from imperare ‘command’]

emperor moth n.  a large moth, Saturnia pavonia, related to the silk moths, with eye-spots on all four wings 皇蛾(一种大型蛾类)

emperor penguin n.  the largest kind of penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, of the Antarctic 皇企鹅(一种最大的企鹅)

emphasis /ˈemfəsis/ n. (pl. emphases /-si:z/)  1  special importance or prominence attached to a thing, fact, idea, etc. (事情、事实、想法等的)重要性；重点  emphasis on economy  以经济为重心 2  stress laid on a word or words to indicate special meaning or importance (讲话中通过语音的重音来表示)对…的强调 3  vigour or intensity of expression, feeling, action, etc. (表达、感受、行为等的)有力，着力 4  prominence, sharpness of contour 突出，鲜明 [Latin from Greek, from emphainō ‘exhibit’ (as EN-2, phainō ‘show’)]

emphasize /ˈemfəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  bring (a thing, fact, etc.) into special prominence (对事物、事实等)强调；着重 2  lay stress on (a word in speaking) (讲话中对某个词语)重读

emphatic /imˈfætik, em-/ adj.  1 (of language, tone, or gesture) forcibly expressive (指语汇、语调、手势)强调的，着重的，有力的 2 (of words 指词语、言谈) : a  bearing the stress 有力的，着重的b  used to give emphasis 加强语气的 3  expressing oneself with emphasis (表现说话者)坚决的，断然的 4 (of an action or process) forcible, significant (指行动)有力的，重要的 □ emphatically  adv.   [Late Latin emphaticus from Greek emphatikos (as EMPHASIS)]

emphysema /emfiˈsi:mə/ n.  1  enlargement of the air sacs of the lungs causing breathlessness 肺气肿 2  a swelling caused by the presence of air in the connective tissues of the body 气肿 [Late Latin from Greek emphusēma, from emphusaō ‘puff up’]

empire /ˈempaiə/ n.  1  an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, esp. an emperor or empress 帝国 2  a  supreme dominion 最高统治，最高统领b (often foll. by 常后跟 over) archaic  absolute control [古义]绝对控制权 3  a large commercial organization etc. owned or directed by one person or group 大企业，大集团 4 (作 the Empire) hist. [史义]  a  the British Empire 大英帝国b  the Holy Roman Empire 神圣罗马帝国 5  a type or period of government in which the sovereign is called emperor or empress 帝国时期，帝制时期 6 (作 Empire) (作 attrib.)  a  denoting a style of furniture or dress fashionable during the first (1804 － 14) or second (1852 － 70) French Empire (家具或衣服款式)法兰西第一帝国和第二帝国时期流行的b Brit.  denoting produce from the Commonwealth [英]英联邦国家生产的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin imperium, related to imperare: see EMPEROR]

empire builder n.  a person who deliberately acquires extra territory, authority, etc., seeking power for its own sake 扩展疆土的人；扩展权势的人，谋求权力的人 □ empire building  n.  

Empire Day n. hist.  the former name of Commonwealth Day, originally 24 May [史义]帝国日(联邦日的旧称，原为每年 5 月 24 日)

empiric /emˈpirik, im-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = EMPIRICAL  ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a person relying solely on experiment 单凭实际经验(做事)的人，经验主义者 2  a quack doctor 庸医，江湖医生 [Latin empiricus from Greek empeirikos, from empeiria ‘experience’ from empeiros ‘skilled’]

empirical /emˈpirik(ə)l, im-/ adj.  1  based or acting on observation or experiment, not on theory 实践的，经验的，非理论的 2 Philos.  regarding sense data as valid information 【哲】经验主义的 3  deriving knowledge from experience alone 单从经验中获得知识的，来自经验的， □ empirically  adv.  

empirical formula n.  a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms 成分式，经验式(给出化合物的成分比例而不是实际的原子数或原子排列方式)

empiricism /emˈpirisiz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience 【哲】经验主义，经验论(认为知识的惟一源泉是感性知识) □ empiricist  n. & adj.  

emplacement /imˈpleism(ə)nt, em-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of putting in position 安置，安放 2  a platform or defended position where a gun is placed for firing 炮位，炮台，(火炮的)阵地 3  situation, position 环境，位置 [French (as EN-1, PLACE)]

emplane /imˈplein, em-/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 enplane /in-, en-/)  go or put on board an aeroplane (把…)装上飞机；(使…)登上飞机，乘飞机

employ /imˈplɔi, em-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  use the services of (a person) in return for payment; keep (a person) in one's service 雇用，聘用 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, in, on)  use (a thing, time, energy, etc.) esp. to good effect (尤指有效地)利用，运用(事物、时间、能源等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  keep (a person) occupied 使从事于…，使忙于 ●n.  the state of being employed, esp. for wages (尤指为薪金)受雇用，被聘用 □ in the employ of   employed by 受雇于…□ employable  adj.  □ employability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ employer  n.   [Middle English from Old French employer, ultimately from Latin implicari ‘be involved’ from implicare ‘enfold’: see IMPLICATE]

employee /emplɔiˈi:, emˈplɔii:, im-/ n. (US also [美亦] employe)  a person employed for wages or salary, esp. at non-executive level (尤指非管理层)职员，雇员，雇工

employment /imˈplɔim(ə)nt, em-/ n.  1  the act of employing or the state of being employed 雇用，受雇，就职 2  a person's regular trade or profession (某人)从事的工作，职业

employment agency n.  a business that finds employers or employees for those seeking them 职业介绍所

employment office n. (formerly [旧时] employment exchange) Brit.  any of a number of government offices concerned with advising and finding work for the unemployed [英]政府设立的职业介绍机构

empolder var.  of IMPOLDER  IMPOLDER 的变体

emporium /emˈpɔ:riəm, im-/ n. (pl. emporia /-riə/ or -ums)  1  a large retail store selling a wide variety of goods 大百货商场，大零售店 2  a centre of commerce, a market 商业中心，市场 [Latin from Greek emporion, from emporos ‘merchant’]

empower /imˈpɑʊə, em-/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  1  authorize, license 授权，给…发执照 2  give power to; make able 许可，使可以 □ empowerment  n.  

empress /ˈempris/ n.  1  the wife or widow of an emperor 皇后，王后 2  a woman emperor 女皇，女王 [Middle English from Old French emperesse, fem. of emperere EMPEROR]

empty /ˈem(p)ti/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (emptier, emptiest)  1  containing nothing 空的，没有(东西)的 2 (of a house etc.) unoccupied or unfurnished (房屋等)未住人的；无家具的 3 (of a transport vehicle etc.) without a load, passengers, etc. (指交通工具)空驶的，空载的 4  a  meaningless, hollow, insincere 无意义的，空洞无物的，虚假的，不真实的  empty threats  虚张声势的恐吓 an empty gesture  虚假的表示b  without substance or purpose 空虚的，无目的的  an empty existence  空虚的生存 5 colloq.  hungry [口]肚子饿的，饥饿的 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  devoid, lacking 缺少…的，没有…的 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  make empty; remove the contents of 使空，挪空，搬空b (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of certain contents 腾空，移走，拿走  emptied the room of its chairs  将屋内的椅子统统搬走 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  transfer (the contents of a container) (将一容器内的物体)移走，转运 3 intr.  become empty 使变空，使空 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into) (of a river) discharge itself (into the sea etc.) (指河流等)流入，注入(海中等) ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a container (esp. a bottle) left empty of its contents [口]空的容器，(尤指)空瓶 □ on an empty stomach   see 见 STOMACH □ emptily  adv.  □ emptiness  n.   [Old English œˉmtig, œˉmetig, from œˉmetta ‘leisure’]

empty-handed adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1  bringing or taking nothing 两手空空(的)，什么也没带(的) 2  having achieved or obtained nothing 无所获，一无所得

empty-headed adj.  foolish; lacking common sense 傻的，无知的，没头脑的

empty-nester n. esp. N. Amer.  either of a couple whose children have grown up and left home [尤北美]厮守“空巢”的夫妇(指子女已长大成人，不与父母在一起生活)

empurple /imˈpɜ:p(ə)l, em-/ v. tr.  1  make purple or red 使成紫色或红色 2  make angry 使生气，使恼怒

empyema /empaiˈi:mə/ n. Med.  a collection of pus in a cavity, esp. in the pleura 【医】积脓(尤指胸膜) [Late Latin from Greek empuēma, from empueō ‘suppurate’ (as EN-2, puon ‘pus’)]

empyrean /empaiˈri:ən, -pi-, emˈpiriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the highest heaven, as the sphere of fire in ancient cosmology or as the abode of God in early Christianity 最高天(古宇宙论认为该处存有纯火，早期基督教认为该处是上帝的家园) 2 poet.  the visible heavens [诗]可见的天堂，苍天 ●adj.  of the empyrean 天堂的，苍天的，最高天的 □ empyreal  /empaiˈri:əl, -pi-, emˈpiriəl/ adj.   [medieval Latin empyreus from Greek empurios (as EN-2, pur ‘fire’)]

em rule n. Brit.  a long dash used in punctuation [英]全身破折号

EMS abbr.  European Monetary System [缩略]欧洲货币体系

EMU /i:emˈju:, ˈi:mju:/ abbr.  economic and monetary union (of the EC); European monetary union [缩略] (欧共体中)经济与金融联合会；欧洲货币联盟

e.m.u. abbr.  electromagnetic unit(s) [缩略]电磁单位

emu /ˈi:mju:/ n.  a large flightless bird, Dromaius novaehollandiae, native to Australia, and capable of running at high speed 鸸鹋(产于澳大利亚，一种不会飞但善于高速奔跑的鸟) [earlier emia, eme, from Portuguese ema]

emulate /ˈemjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  try to equal or excel 努力赶上或超过 2  imitate zealously 积极地模仿，仿效 3  rival 同…竞争，同…争斗 4 Computing  reproduce the function or action of (a different computer or software system) 【计算】模拟，仿真 □ emulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ emulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ emulator  n.   [Latin aemulari (as EMULOUS)]

emulous /ˈemjʊləs/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  seeking to emulate 好胜的；极想赶上或越过的；仿效的，模仿的 2  actuated by a spirit of rivalry 受竞争精神驱使的 □ emulously  adv.   [Middle English from Latin aemulus ‘rival’]

emulsifier /iˈmʌlsifaiə/ n.  1  any substance that stabilizes an emulsion, esp. a food additive used to stabilize processed foods 乳化剂，(尤指)在食品加工中起稳定剂作用的添加剂 2  an apparatus used for producing an emulsion 乳化器

emulsify /iˈmʌlsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  convert into an emulsion 使乳化，被乳化 □ emulsifiable  adj.  □ emulsification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

emulsion /iˈmʌlʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fine dispersion of one liquid in another, esp. as paint, medicine, etc. 乳状液，乳浊液(尤指漆、药剂等) 2  a mixture of a silver compound suspended in gelatin etc. for coating photographic plates or films (摄影中使用的)感光乳剂 3  = EMULSION PAINT  ●v. tr.  paint with emulsion paint 用乳化漆涂刷 □ emulsionize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ emulsive  adj.   [French émulsion or modern Latin emulsio, from emulgēre (as E-, mulgēre muls- ‘to milk’)]

emulsion paint n.  a paint consisting of pigment bound in a synthetic resin which forms an emulsion with water 乳化漆

en /en/ n. Printing  a unit of measurement equal to half an em 【印刷】半个行长(印刷业中行长的度量单位) [name of the letter N]

en-1 /in, en/ prefix (also em- before b, p 用在字母 b 、 p 之前亦作 em-) forming verbs 构成动词 = IN-1:  1  from nouns, meaning ‘put into or on’ (engulf 吞没 ; entrust 委托 ; embed 把…嵌入) 加在名词前，表示“放入”、“加上”等意 2  from nouns or adjectives, meaning ‘bring into the condition of’  enslave  奴役; often with the suffix -en  enlighten  启发 加在名词或形容词前，表示“使处于”，“使呈…状态”；常和后缀 -en 一起用 3  from verbs 加在动词前 :a  in the sense ‘in, into, on’ (enfold 包住) 表示“置于…中”；“入”；“在…上”b  as an intensive (entangle 牵连) 用于加强语气 [from or suggested by French en- from Latin in-]

en-2 /in, en/ prefix (also em- before b, p 用在字母 b 、 p 之前亦作 em-)  in, inside (energy 干劲 ; enthusiasm 热情) 内在的，里面的 [Greek]

-en1 /(ə)n/ suffix forming verbs 构成动词 :  1  from adjectives, usu. meaning ‘make or become so or more so’ (deepen 加深 ; fasten 扎牢 ; moisten 弄湿) 加在形容词后，表示“使成为…”；“使更加…” 2  from nouns (happen 发生 ; strengthen 加强) 加在名词后 [Old English -nian, from Germanic]

-en2 /(ə)n/ suffix (also 亦作 -n) forming adjectives from nouns, meaning 加在名词后构成形容词，表示 :  1  made or consisting of (often with extended and figurative senses) (wooden 木制的) 由…制的；由…组成的(常用于引申或比喻) 2  resembling; of the nature of (golden 金制的 ; silvern 银制的) 像，类似；具有…性质 [Old English from Germanic]

-en3 /(ə)n/ suffix (also 亦作 -n) forming past participles of strong verbs 构成强变化动词的过去分词 :  1  as a regular inflection (spoken 口语的 ; sworn 发过誓的) 作为常规变化 2  with restricted sense (drunken 醉的) 具有受限制的含意 [Old English from Germanic]

-en4 /(ə)n/ suffix  forming the plural of a few nouns (children 孩子们 ; brethren 教友们 ; oxen 牛) 构成一些名词的复数形式 [Middle English reduction of Old English -an]

-en5 /in, (ə)n/ suffix  forming diminutives of nouns (chicken 小鸡 ; maiden 少女) 加在名词后，构成小词 [Old English from Germanic]

-en6 /(ə)n/ suffix  1  forming feminine nouns (vixen 雌狐) 构成阴性名词 2  forming abstract nouns (burden 重负) 构成抽象名词 [Old English from Germanic]

enable /inˈeib(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  give (a person etc.) the means or authority to do something 使(人等)能够做…；有权做… 2  make possible 使可能 3 esp. Computing  make (a device) operational; switch on (尤)【计算】使(设备)运行，开启，启动 □ enablement  n.  □ enabler  n.  

enabling act n.  a statute empowering a person or body to take certain action 权利授与法

enact /iˈnækt, e-/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  ordain, decree 颁布(法令)，规定b  make (a bill etc.) law 使(提案等)成为法律 2  play (a part or scene on stage or in life) (在舞台上或生活中)扮演…角色，表演…情节 □ enactable  adj.  □ enaction  n.  □ enactive  adj.  □ enactor  n.  

enactment /iˈnæktm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  a law enacted 颁布的法令，制定的法律 2  the process of enacting 制定(法律)，颁布(法令)

enamel /iˈnæm(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a glasslike opaque or semi-transparent coating on metallic or other hard surfaces for ornament or as a preservative lining 珐琅；瓷釉；搪瓷 2  a  a smooth hard coating 光滑坚硬的涂层b  = ENAMEL PAINT c  a cosmetic simulating this 指甲油 3  the hard glossy natural coating over the crown of a tooth 牙釉质(牙表面的珐琅质) 4  a work of art done in enamel 珐琅制品，珐琅(或搪瓷)艺术品 5 poet.  a smooth bright surface colouring, verdure, etc. [诗]鲜艳的光泽 ●v. tr. (enamelled, enamelling; US [美] enameled, enameling)  1  inlay or encrust (a metal etc.) with enamel (给金属等物品)上珐琅(或瓷釉) 2  portray (figures etc.) with enamel 用珐琅、瓷釉描绘(图案等) 3 archaic  adorn with varied colours [古义]用不同色彩装饰 □ enameller  n.  □ enamelwork  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enameler, enamailler (as EN-1, Old French esmail, from Germanic)]

enamel paint n.  a paint that dries to give a smooth hard coat 瓷漆

enamelware /iˈnæm(ə)lwɛə/ n.  enamelled kitchenware 搪瓷炊具

enamour /iˈnæmə, e-/ v. tr. (US [美] enamor) (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  1  inspire with love or liking 使喜欢，使倾心 2  charm, delight 使迷人，令人欣喜 [Middle English from Old French enamourer, from amourer (as EN-1, AMOUR)]

enanthema /enənˈθi:mə/ n. Med.  an ulcer etc. occurring on a mucus-secreting surface such as the inside of the mouth 【医】黏膜疹 [modern Latin from Greek enanthēma ‘eruption’ (as EN-1, EXANTHEMA)]

enantiomer /iˈnæntiə(ʊ)mə, e-/ n. Chem.  a molecule that is the mirror image of another; an optical isomer 【化】对映(结构)体 □ enantiomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [Greek enantios ‘opposite’ + -MER]

enantiomorph /iˈnæntiə(ʊ)mɔ:f, e-/ n.  a mirror image; a form (esp. of a crystal structure etc.) related to another as an object is to its mirror image 对映形态，镜像(尤指晶体结构等) □ enantiomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ enantiomorphism  /-ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  □ enantiomorphous  /-ˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.   [German, from Greek enantios ‘opposite’ + morphē ‘form’]

enarthrosis /enɑ:ˈθrəʊsis/ n. (pl. enarthroses /-si:z/) Anat.  a ball-and-socket joint 【解】球窝关节，杵臼关节 [Greek, from enarthros ‘jointed’ (as EN-2, arthron ‘joint’)]

en bloc /ɒ˜ ˈblɒk/ adv.  in a block; all at the same time; wholesale 整个，一起，统统 [French]

en brosse /ɒ˜ ˈbrɒs, 法 ɑ˜ brɔs/ adj. (of hair) cut short and bristly (指头发)剪成平顶式的，平头的(短而直立) [French]

enc. var.  of ENCL  ENCL 的变体

encaenia /enˈsi:niə/ n.  1 (at Oxford University) an annual celebration in memory of founders and benefactors (牛津大学的)校庆典礼(每年为纪念学校奠基人和捐助人举行的仪式) 2  a dedication festival 落成奠礼 [Latin from Greek egkainia (as EN-2, kainos ‘new’)]

encage /inˈkeidʒ, en-/ v. tr.  confine in or as in a cage (似)把…关在笼中；禁闭，囚禁

encamp /inˈkæmp, en-/ v. tr. & intr.  1  settle in a military camp (军队)扎营，露营 2  lodge in the open in tents 野营，露天宿营

encampment /inˈkæmpm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  a place where troops etc. are encamped (军队等的)宿营地，露营地 2  the process of setting up a camp 扎营，露营，露宿

encapsulate /inˈkæpsjʊleit, en-/ v. tr.  1  enclose in or as in a capsule 把…装入胶囊，用胶囊封装 2  summarize; express the essential features of 总结，概括，归纳 3  isolate 隔离，分隔 □ encapsulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [EN-1 + Latin capsula CAPSULE]

encase /inˈkeis, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 incase)  1  put into a case 把…装入箱(盒)内 2  surround as with a case 包围，围住 □ encasement  n.  

encash /inˈkæʃ, en-/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  convert (bills etc.) into cash 将…换成现钞，兑换(支票等) 2  receive in the form of cash; realize 收到(或获得)现款，兑现 □ encashable  adj.  □ encashment  n.  

encaustic /enˈkɔ:stik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (in painting, ceramics, etc.) using pigments mixed with hot wax, which are burned in as an inlay (用于绘画、制陶等)蜡画法的，上釉烧入色彩的(将颜色与热蜡混合后放入火中烧，使其嵌入器皿表面的作画、制陶方法) 2 (of bricks and tiles) inlaid with differently coloured clays burnt in (指砖，瓦)琉璃的，釉面的 ●n.  1  the art of encaustic painting 蜡画法 2  a painting done with this technique 用蜡画法制作的绘画 [Latin encausticus from Greek egkaustikos (as EN-2, CAUSTIC)]

-ence /(ə)ns/ suffix forming nouns expressing 构成名词，表示 :  1  a quality or state or an instance of one (patience 耐心 ; an impertinence 无礼的人) 性质，状态或实例 2  an action (reference 参照 ; reminiscence 回忆) 行动 [from or suggested by French -ence, from Latin -entia, -antia (cf. -ANCE) from pres. part. stem -ent-, -ant-]

enceinte /ɒ˜ˈsãt/ n. & adj. ●n.  an enclosure, esp. in fortification 壁垒，围墙，(尤指)防御工事的围墙 ●adj. archaic  pregnant [古义]怀孕的 [French, ultimately from Latin cingere cinct- ‘gird’: see CINCTURE]

encephalic /ensiˈfælik, enˈkef(ə)lik/ adj.  of or relating to the brain 脑的，与脑有关的 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ (as ENCEPHALO-)]

encephalin var.  of ENKEPHALIN  ENKEPHALIN 的变体

encephalitis /enˌsefəˈlaitis, -ˌkef-/ n.  inflammation of the brain 脑炎 □ encephalitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  

encephalitis lethargica /liˈθɑ:dʒikə/ n.  an infectious encephalitis caused by a virus, with headache and drowsiness leading to coma; sleepy sickness (由病毒感染的)昏睡性脑炎，嗜眠性脑炎

encephalo- /enˈsef(ə)ləʊ, enˈkef-/ comb. form  brain [构词成分]脑 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ (as EN-2, kephalē ‘head’)]

encephalogram /enˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡræm, enˈkef-/ n.  an X-ray photograph of the brain 脑 X 光片，脑造影照片

encephalograph /enˈsef(ə)lə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f, enˈkef-/ n.  an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain 脑电记录仪，脑造影仪

encephalomyelitis /enˌsef(ə)ləʊmaiəˈlaitis, enˌkef-/ n.  inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, esp. due to viral infection 脑脊髓炎，(尤指)因病毒感染而引起的脑脊髓炎

encephalon /enˈsefəlɒn, -ˈkef-/ n. Anat.  the brain 【解】脑，大脑

encephalopathy /enˌsefəˈlɒpəθi, enˌkef-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a disease of the brain 脑病

enchain /inˈtʃein, en-/ v. tr.  1  chain up, fetter (用铁链)锁住，束缚住，给…带上脚镣 2  hold fast (the attention, emotions, etc.) 抓住，留住，锁定(注意、感情等) □ enchainment  n.   [Middle English from French enchaîner, ultimately from Latin catena ‘chain’]

enchant /inˈtʃɑ:nt, en-/ v. tr.  1  charm, delight 迷人，吸引人 2  bewitch 蛊惑，使着魔，对…念咒语，对…施魔法 □ enchantedly  adv.  □ enchanting  adj.  □ enchantingly  adv.  □ enchantment  n.   [Middle English via French enchanter from Latin incantare (as IN-2, canere cant- ‘sing’)]

enchanter /inˈtʃɑ:ntə, en-/ n. (fem. enchantress /-tris/)  a person who enchants, esp. by supposed use of magic 巫师；魔术师，(尤指)施魔法者 □ enchanter's nightshade   a small plant, Circaea lutetiana, with white flowers 露珠草

enchase /inˈtʃeis, en-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in)  place (a jewel) in a setting 镶嵌(珠宝) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  set (gold etc.) with gems 为(黄金等饰品)镶嵌宝石 3  inlay with gold etc. 镶金，贴金 4  adorn with figures in relief 用浮雕图案装饰 5  engrave 雕刻；镂刻 [Middle English from French enchɑˆsser (as EN-1, CHASE2)]

enchilada /entʃiˈlɑ:də/ n.  a tortilla with chilli sauce and usu. a filling, esp. meat 带馅的玉米饼，(尤指)带肉馅和辣酱汁的圆饼 [Latin American Spanish, fem. past part. of enchilar ‘season with chilli’]

enchiridion /enkaiˈridiən/ n. (pl. enchiridions or enchiridia /-diə/) formal  a handbook [正式]手册，便览 [Late Latin from Greek egkheiridion (as EN-2, kheir ‘hand’, diminutive suffix -idion)]

encipher /inˈsaifə, en-/ v. tr.  1  write (a message etc.) in cipher 用密码书写(信息等) 2  convert into coded form using a cipher 把…译成密码 □ encipherment  n.  

encircle /inˈsɜ:k(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  surround, encompass 包围；环绕 2  form a circle round 围绕；成环形 □ encirclement  n.  

encl. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 enc.)  1  enclosed 封闭的 2  enclosure 

en clair /ɒ˜ ˈklɛə, 法 ɑ˜ klɛr/ adj. & adv. (of a telegram, official message, etc.) in ordinary language (not in code or cipher) (电报、官方消息等)用明码的(地)，明示的(地)，未加密的(地) [French, literally ‘in clear’]

enclasp /inˈklɑ:sp, en-/ v. tr.  hold in a clasp or embrace 抓住；握住；紧握；搂抱

enclave /ˈenkleiv/ n.  1  a portion of territory of one state surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the surrounding territory (cf. 参见 EXCLAVE) 飞地(一国的一部分领土周围为他国领土所围绕) 2  a group of people who are culturally, intellectually, or socially distinct from those surrounding them 小团体(文化、知识、社会等方面与周围人有显著差异的一群人) [French from enclaver ‘enclose, dovetail’, ultimately from Latin clavis ‘key’]

enclitic /inˈklitik, en-/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a word) pronounced with so little emphasis that it forms part of the preceding word 重读词后的后接成分，重读词后的非重读成分 ●n.  such a word, e.g. not in cannot 非重读词，如 cannot 中的 not □ enclitically  adv.   [Late Latin encliticus from Greek egklitikos (as EN-2, klinō ‘lean’)]

enclose /inˈkləʊz, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inclose)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, in)  a  surround with a wall, fence, etc. (用墙、篱笆等)围绕，包围b  shut in on all sides 包住，围住 2  fence in (common land) so as to make it private property (用篱笆、围墙)圈地；把(公地)圈为私有 3  put in a receptacle (esp. in an envelope together with a letter) 把…放入，装入容器(尤指与信一起放入信封) 4 (usu. as 通常作 enclosed adj.)  seclude (a religious community) from the outside world (宗教团体)与外部世界隔离的，与世隔绝的 5 esp. Math.  bound on all sides; contain (尤)【数】包含 6  hem in on all sides 包边，包缝 [Middle English from Old French enclos, past part. of enclore, ultimately from Latin includere (as INCLUDE)]

enclosure /inˈkləʊʒə, en-/ n. (also 亦作 inclosure)  1  the act of enclosing, esp. of common land 圈地，围地(尤指公共土地) 2 Brit.  an enclosed space or area, esp. for a special class of persons at a sporting event [英]封闭区，(尤指)运动会中为特殊观众专设的区域 3  a thing enclosed with a letter (信的)附件 4  an enclosing fence etc. 圈地的围栏，篱笆 [Anglo-French & Old French (as ENCLOSE)]

encode /inˈkəʊd, en-/ v. tr.  put (a message etc.) into code or cipher 把…译成密码 □ encoder  n.  

encomiast /enˈkəʊmiæst/ n.  1  the composer of an encomium 颂歌作者；赞美者 2  a flatterer 奉承者，阿谀者 □ encomiastic  /-ˈæstik/ adj.   [Greek egkōmiastēs (as ENCOMIUM)]

encomium /enˈkəʊmiəm/ n. (pl. encomiums or encomia /-miə/)  a formal or high-flown expression of praise 赞美词，颂词，极度颂誉之词 [Latin from Greek egkōmion (as EN-2, kōmos ‘revelry’)]

encompass /inˈkʌmpəs, en-/ v. tr.  1  surround or form a circle about, esp. to protect or attack 包围；把…圈起(为保护或攻击) 2  contain 包含，包括 □ encompassment  n.  

encore /ˈɒŋkɔ:/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a call by an audience or spectators for the repetition of an item, or for a further item (听众或观众要求)返场；加演；重演 2  such an item 返场的节目 ●v. tr.  1  call for the repetition of (an item) 要求重复 2  call back (a performer) for this 要求(演员)返场 ●int. /also 亦作 -ˈkɔ:/  again, once more 再，再来一次 [French, = again]

encounter /inˈkaʊntə, en-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  meet by chance or unexpectedly 遭遇，碰上，邂逅 2  meet as an adversary 碰上对手，遭遇敌人 ●n.  1  a meeting by chance 意外遇见，偶然碰上，邂逅 2  a meeting in conflict 冲突；交战，交火 3  participation in an encounter group 参加“交心”(治疗)小组 [Middle English from Old French encontrer, encontre, ultimately from Latin contra ‘against’]

encounter group n.  a group of persons seeking psychological benefit through close contact with one another (通过交心活动进行心理调整的)“交心”(治疗)小组

encourage /inˈkʌridʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1  give courage, confidence, or hope to 鼓励，激励 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  urge, advise 敦促；劝告 3  stimulate by help, reward, etc. (通过帮助、奖励等手段)激励，激发 4  promote or assist (an enterprise, opinion, etc.) 促进；协助(企业、意见等) □ encouragement  n.  □ encourager  n.  □ encouraging  adj.  □ encouragingly  adv.   [Middle English from French encourager (as EN-1, COURAGE)]

encroach /inˈkrəʊtʃ, en-/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  intrude, esp. on another's territory or rights 侵犯(尤指他人领土或权利) 2  advance gradually beyond due limits (逐步)越界，超出限定；侵蚀，蚕食 □ encroacher  n.  □ encroachment  n.   [Middle English from Old French encrochier ‘seize, fasten upon’ (as EN-1, crochier from croc ‘hook’: see CROOK)]

encrust /inˈkrʌst, en-/ v. (also 亦作 incrust)  1 tr.  cover with a crust 用一层硬壳覆盖，包裹 2 tr.  overlay with an ornamental crust of precious material (用贵重物品在)表面装饰 3 intr.  form a crust 结壳，形成硬壳 □ encrustment  n.   [French incruster from Latin incrustare (as IN-2, crustare from crusta CRUST)]

encrustation var.  of INCRUSTATION  INCRUSTATION 的变体

encrypt /enˈkript/ v. tr.  1  convert (data) into code, esp. to prevent unauthorized access (对数据)编码；加密(尤指为防止非授权者使用) 2  conceal by this means 用加密的方法来隐藏 □ encryption  n.   [EN-1 + Greek kruptos ‘hidden’]

encumber /inˈkʌmbə, en-/ v. tr.  1  be a burden to; hamper, impede 使成为…的负担；妨碍；阻碍 2  burden (a person or estate) with debts, esp. mortgages 使(人或地产)负债，(尤指)抵押贷款 3  fill or block (a place) esp. with lumber 堵塞，阻塞；堆满(尤指用木头) [Middle English via Old French encombrer ‘block up’ from Romanic]

encumbrance /inˈkʌmbr(ə)ns, en-/ n.  1  a burden; an impediment; an annoyance 负担；障碍；烦恼 2 Law  a mortgage or other charge on property 【法律】(财产)抵押，负担 □ without encumbrance  archaic  having no children [古义]无子女，没孩子 [Middle English from Old French encombrance (as ENCUMBER)]

-ency /(ə)nsi/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a quality  efficiency  效率 fluency  流畅 or state  presidency  董事长 but not action (cf. 参见 -ENCE) 构成名词，表示“性质”；或“状态”；但不表示“行动” [Latin -entia (cf. -ANCY)]

encyclical /enˈsiklik(ə)l, in-, -ˈsaik-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church 通谕(教皇颁发给各地主教的公文) ●adj. (of a letter) for wide circulation (信件)广泛传播的，广泛流传的 [Late Latin encyclicus from Greek egkuklios (as EN-2, kuklos ‘circle’)]

encyclopedia /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diə, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedia)  a book, often in several volumes, giving information on many subjects, or on many aspects of one subject, usu. arranged alphabetically 百科全书；大全 [modern Latin, from spurious Greek egkuklopaideia for egkuklios paideia ‘all-round education’: cf. ENCYCLICAL]

encyclopedic /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:dik, in-/ adj. (also 亦作 encyclopaedic) (of knowledge or information) comprehensive 百科全书式的；包罗万象的，(知识或信息)广博的

encyclopedism /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:diz(ə)m, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedism)  encyclopedic learning 百科全书式的知识，广博的学识

encyclopedist /enˌsaiklə(ʊ)ˈpi:dist, in-/ n. (also 亦作 encyclopaedist)  a person who writes, edits, or contributes to an encyclopedia 百科全书的作者(或编辑、撰稿人)

encyst /inˈsist, en-/ v. tr. & intr. Biol.  enclose or become enclosed in a cyst 【生】把…包在囊内，形成包囊 □ encystation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ encystment  n.  

end /end/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the extreme limit; the point beyond which a thing does not continue 末尾，终端；终点b  an extremity of a line, or of the greatest dimension of an object (线等的)端，梢，尽头c  the furthest point 尽头，终端  to the ends of the earth  天涯海角 2  the surface bounding a thing at either extremity; an extreme part 末尾；末端  a strip of wood with a nail in one end  一头带钉的木条 3  a  conclusion, finish 终结，结束，中止  no end to his misery  他的痛苦无终结b  the latter or final part 后者；最后部分c  death, destruction, downfall 死亡；毁灭；垮台  met an untimely end  不合时宜地完结了d  result, outcome 结果，结局e  an ultimate state or condition 最终状态，最后情况 4  a  a thing one seeks to attain; a purpose 目标，目的  will do anything to achieve his ends  为他的目标竭尽全力 to what end?  目的是什么？b  the object for which a thing exists (事物)存在的目的 5  a remnant; a piece left over 残留，剩余  cigarette end  烟头 6 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the limit of endurability [口]忍耐的极限，忍无可忍 7  the half of a sports pitch or court occupied by one team or player (比赛场地的)一端，半场 8  the part or share with which a person is concerned 有关一方，有关方面，与…有关的部分  no problem at my end  我这方面没问题 9 Bowls  a unit of play in which play is from one side of the green towards the other 【球戏】一回(从绿线端向另一端滚球) 10 Amer. Football  a player positioned nearest the sideline along the line of scrimmage 【美式橄榄球】边锋 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end 结束，终止 2 tr.  put an end to; destroy 终结，消灭 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  have as its result 以…为结果，以…而终  will end in tears  将以落泪而告终 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by)  do or achieve eventually 最终取得，最终获得  ended by marrying an heiress  最终娶了一位女继承人 □ all ends up   completely 全部地，完全地；彻底地□ at an end   exhausted or completed 耗尽；完结，结束□ at the end of one's tether   see 见 TETHER □ come to a bad (or sticky) end   meet with ruin or disgrace 遭到毁灭；蒙受耻辱，落得不好的下场□ come to an end   1  be completed or finished 结束；完成 2  become exhausted 耗尽，耗竭□ end it all (or end it)  colloq.  commit suicide [口]自杀，自尽□ end of the road   the point at which a hope or endeavour has to be abandoned 无路可走；无计可施；穷途末路□ end of the world   the cessation of mortal life (世界)末日□ end on   with the end facing one, or with the end adjoining the end of the next object 端头相对；端头与另一物体端头相接，连续，不断□ end to end   with the end of each of a series adjoining the end of the next 首尾相接，一个接一个□ end up   reach a specified state, action, or place eventually 最终…，到头来…，以…而告终  ended up a drunkard  最后成了酒鬼 ended up making a fortune  最后发了财□ in the end   finally; after all 最后，最终□ keep one's end up   do one's part despite difficulties (不畏难地)坚持做□ make an end of   put a stop to 结束，中止；停止□ make ends (or both ends) meet   live within one's income 量入为出□ no end  colloq.  to a great extent, very much [口]很大程度上；非常□ no end of  colloq.  much or many of [口]很多，无穷尽□ on end   1  upright 直立，竖起  hair stood on end  头发竖起来 2  continuously 不断地，持续地  for three weeks on end  连续 3 周□ put an end to   1  stop (an activity etc.) 中止，结束(活动等) 2  abolish, destroy 废除；毁灭 [Old English ende, endian, from Germanic]

-end /end/ suffix  forming nouns in the sense ‘person or thing to be treated in a specified way’ (dividend 被除数 ; reverend 教士) 构成名词，表示“以专门方式处理、对待的人或事” [Latin gerundive ending -endus]

endanger /inˈdein(d)ʒə, en-/ v. tr.  place in danger 使遭危险，危及 □ endangerment  n.  

endangered species n.  a species in danger of extinction 濒危物种

end-around n. & adj. ●n. Amer. Football  an offensive play in which an end carries the ball round the opposite end 【美式橄榄球】边卫迂回战术(一种进攻战术，边卫持球迂回至另一侧后进攻) ●adj. Computing  involving the transfer of a digit from one end of a register to the other 【计算】移位的(数字信号从寄存器一端传至另一端)

en dash n.  = EN RULE 

endear /inˈdiə, en-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make dear to or beloved by 让人喜爱；使受人爱戴(或爱慕)

endearing /inˈdiəriŋ, en-/ adj.  inspiring affection 可人的，让人喜爱的；让人倾慕的 □ endearingly  adv.  

endearment /inˈdiəm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  an expression of affection (表示)喜爱，钟爱；倾慕 2  liking, affection 喜欢，爱慕

endeavour /inˈdevə, en-/ v. & n. (US [美] endeavor) ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  try earnestly 努力，奋力 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 after) archaic  strive [古义]奋斗；力争 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  effort directed towards a goal; an earnest attempt (朝某一目标)努力奋斗，努力争取 [Middle English from put oneself in devoir ‘do one's utmost’: see DEVOIR]

endemic /enˈdemik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  regularly or only found among a particular people or in a certain region 地方性的，某地特有的，(某地或某些人中)流行的 ●n.  an endemic disease or plant 地方病；某地特有的植物 □ endemically  adv.  □ endemicity  /endiˈmisiti/ n.  □ endemism  /ˈendimiz(ə)m/ n.   [French endémique or modern Latin endemicus from Greek endēmos ‘native’ (as EN-2, dēmos ‘the people’)]

endermic /enˈdɜ:mik/ adj.  acting on or through the skin 作用于皮肤的；经皮肤的 □ endermically  adv.   [EN-2 + Greek derma ‘skin’]

endgame /ˈen(d)ɡeim/ n.  the final stage of a game (esp. chess), when few pieces remain 游戏的最后阶段；终局，残局(尤指棋类)

ending /ˈendiŋ/ n.  1  an end or final part, esp. of a story 最后部分，(尤指故事)结尾 2  an inflected final part of a word 词尾变化 [Old English (as END, -ING1)]

endive /ˈendaiv, -div/ n.  1 (in full 全称 curly endive)  a curly-leaved plant, Cichorium endivia, used in salads (做沙拉用的)欧洲菊苣 2 N. Amer.  a chicory crown [北美]菊苣 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin endivia, ultimately from Greek entubon]

endless /ˈendlis/ adj.  1  infinite; without end; eternal 无尽的，无终止的，无休止的 2  continual, incessant 持续的，不断的  tired of their endless complaints  对他们没完没了的抱怨感到厌倦 3 colloq.  innumerable [口]无数的，数不清的 4 (of a belt, chain, etc.) having the ends joined for continuous action over wheels etc. (带子、链子等)环形链的，传送链(带)的，环带的 □ endlessly  adv.  □ endlessness  n.   [Old English endelēas (as END, -LESS)]

endless screw n.  = WORMn. 7b 

endmost /ˈen(d)məʊst/ adj.  nearest the end 最靠近末端的，最远端的

endnote /ˈen(d)nəʊt/ n.  a note printed at the end of a book or section of a book 结束语，后记，尾注

endo- /ˈendəʊ/ prefix  internal 内部的，向内的 [Greek endon ‘within’]

endocarditis /ˌendəʊkɑ:ˈdaitis/ n.  inflammation of the endocardium 心内膜炎 □ endocarditic  /-ˈditik/ adj.  

endocardium /endəʊˈkɑ:diəm/ n.  the lining membrane of the heart 心内膜 [ENDO- + Greek kardia ‘heart’]

endocarp /ˈendə(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n.  the innermost layer of the pericarp 内果皮 □ endocarpic  /-ˈkɑ:pik/ adj.   [ENDO- + PERICARP]

endocrine /ˈendə(ʊ)krain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland) secreting directly into the blood; ductless 内分泌(腺)的 [ENDO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

endocrinology /ˌendəʊkriˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure and physiology of endocrine glands 内分泌学 □ endocrinological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ endocrinologist  n.  

endoderm /ˈendə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n.  the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development 内胚层 □ endodermal  /-ˈdɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.   [ENDO- + Greek derma ‘skin’]

endogamy /enˈdɒɡəmi/ n.  1 Anthropol.  marrying within the same tribe 【人】同族结婚 2 Bot.  pollination from the same plant 【植】同株授粉 □ endogamous  adj.   [ENDO- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

endogenous /enˈdɒdʒinəs, in-/ adj.  growing or originating from within 内生的，内源的 □ endogenesis  /endə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  □ endogeny  /enˈdɒdʒini/ n.  

endolymph /ˈendəʊlimf/ n.  the fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear 内淋巴(内耳膜状迷路内的淋巴液)

endometriosis /ˌendə(ʊ)mi:triˈəʊsis/ n.  the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the womb 子宫内膜异位症

endometrium /endə(ʊ)ˈmi:triəm/ n. Anat.  the membrane lining the womb 【解】子宫内膜 □ endometrial  /endə(ʊ)ˈmi:triəl/ adj.   [ENDO- + Greek mētra ‘womb’]

endomorph /ˈendə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  1  a person with a soft round build of body and a high proportion of fat tissue (cf. 参见 ECTOMORPH, MESOMORPH) 胖型体质者，内胚层体型者 2 Mineral.  a mineral enclosed within another 【矿】内生矿，内容矿物 □ endomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ endomorphy  n.   [ENDO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

endoparasite /endəʊˈpærəsait/ n.  a parasite that lives on the inside of its host Also called 亦称作 entoparasite 体内寄生虫，内寄生物

endoplasm /ˈendə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  the more fluid granular inner layer of the cytoplasm in some protozoans (cf. 参见 ECTOPLASM 1) 内质(细胞内部的半流质部分)

endoplasmic reticulum /endəʊˈplæzmik/ n. Biol.  a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane and usu. having ribosomes attached 【生】内质网

endorphin /enˈdɔ:fin/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of peptide neurotransmitters occurring naturally in the brain and having pain-relieving properties 【生化】内啡呔 [French endorphine, from endogène ‘endogenous’ + MORPHINE]

endorse /inˈdɔ:s, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 indorse)  1  a  confirm (a statement or opinion) 确认(论断或看法)b  declare one's approval of 赞同；认可 2  sign or write on the back of (a document), esp. the back of (a bill, cheque, etc.) as the payee or to specify another as payee 背书，在背面签字(尤指写在账单，支票等后面以确认自己为支付者或确定某人为支付者) 3  write (an explanation or comment) on the back of a document (在文件的背面)批注 4 Brit.  enter details of a conviction for a motoring offence on (a driving licence) [英] (在驾照上)记录违章细节 □ endorsable  adj.  □ endorsee  /endɔ:ˈsi:/ n.  □ endorser  n.   [medieval Latin indorsare (as IN-2, Latin dorsum ‘back’)]

endorsement /inˈdɔ:sm(ə)nt, en-/ n. (also 亦作 indorsement)  1  the act or an instance of endorsing 确认；赞同；认可 2  something with which a document etc. is endorsed, esp. a signature 背书，签字 3  a record in a driving licence of a conviction for a motoring offence (写在驾照上的)违章记录 4  a recommendation of a product which can be cited in advertising material (对产品的)推荐，赞誉(可在做广告或推销产品时引用)

endoscope /ˈendəskəʊp/ n. Surgery  an instrument for viewing the internal parts of the body 【外科】内窥镜 □ endoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ endoscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ endoscopist  /enˈdɒskəpist/ n.  □ endoscopy  /enˈdɒskəpi/ n.  

endoskeleton /ˈendəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n.  an internal skeleton, as found in vertebrates, echinoderms, etc. (脊椎、棘皮动物等的)内骨骼

endosperm /ˈendə(ʊ)spɜ:m/ n.  albumen enclosed with the germ in seeds 胚乳

endospore /ˈendə(ʊ)spɔ:/ n.  1  a spore formed by certain bacteria 内生孢子(由某些细菌产生的孢子) 2  the inner coat of a spore 孢子内壁

endothelium /endə(ʊ)ˈθi:liəm/ n. Anat.  a layer of cells lining the blood vessels, heart, and lymphatic vessels 【解】(血管、心脏、淋巴管的)内皮 □ endothelial  adj.   [ENDO- + Greek thēlē ‘teat’]

endothermic /endəʊˈθɜ:mik/ adj.  1 Chem.  occurring or formed with the absorption of heat 【化】吸热的；吸能的；由吸热而产生的 2 Zool.  dependent on or capable of internal generation of heat 【动】温血的，恒温的 □ endothermy  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

endotoxin /ˈendəʊˌtɒksin/ n.  a toxin present inside a bacterial cell and released when it disintegrates (细菌分解后释放出的)内毒素

endow /inˈdaʊ, en-/ v. tr.  1  bequeath or give a permanent income to (a person, institution, etc.) 资助；遗赠；捐赠(给个人、机构等) 2 (esp. as 尤作 endowed adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  invest or provide (a person or thing) with a talent, ability, quality, etc. 使…具有能力，(把才干，能力，特质等)赋予(某人或某物) □ endower  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French endouer (as EN-1, Old French douer ultimately from Latin dos dotis DOWER)]

endowment /inˈdaʊm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of endowing 资助；捐赠；遗赠 2  assets, esp. property or income with which a person or body is endowed 资助、捐赠的物品(尤指财产或钱款) 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  skill, talent, etc., with which a person is endowed 天生的才能(技艺等) 4 (作 attrib.)  denoting forms of life insurance involving payment by the insurer of a fixed sum on a specified date, or on the death of the insured person if earlier 人寿保险

endowment mortgage n. Brit.  a mortgage linked to endowment insurance of the mortgagor's life, the capital being paid from the sum insured [英]人寿保险抵押(用人寿保险所得偿还住房贷款)

endpaper /ˈen(d)peipə/ n.  a usu. blank leaf of paper at the beginning and end of a book, fixed to the inside of the cover 扉页(书前后封内所加空白页)

end-play n. Bridge  a method of play in the last few tricks to force an opponent to make a disadvantageous lead 【桥牌】残局打法(迫使对手被挤自投罗网)

end point n.  the final stage of a process, esp. the point at which an effect is observed in titration, dilution, etc. 最后阶段，最后时刻，(尤指)终点(在化学滴定，溶解等过程中开始观察到变化结果的时刻)

end product n.  the final product of manufacture, radioactive decay, etc. 终端产物；终端产品；最终产品

end result n.  final outcome 最终结果；归宿

end run n.  1 Amer. Football  an attempt by the ball-carrier to run round his or her own end 【美式橄榄球】端线外侧迂回进攻战术 2 US  an evasive tactic esp. in war or politics [美]规避战术(尤指在战争或政治中使用的)

end standard n.  a standard of length in the form of a metal bar or block with the end faces the standard distance apart (测量时尾端对准的长度刻度的)长度标准

end-stopped adj. (of verse) having a pause at the end of each line (诗歌)行尾停顿的

endue /inˈdju:, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 indue) (-dues, -dued, -duing) (foll. by 后跟 with) literary  invest or provide (a person or thing) with qualities, powers, etc. [文学用语]赋予(某人或某物)特质，权力等；授予 [earlier = induct, put on clothes: Middle English via Old French enduire from Latin inducere ‘lead in’, associated in meaning with Latin induere ‘put on (clothes)’]

endurance /inˈdjʊər(ə)ns, en-/ n.  1  the power or habit of enduring 容忍力；忍受力  beyond endurance  难以忍受 2  the ability to withstand prolonged strain 耐力  endurance test  耐力测试 3  the act of enduring 容忍；忍受，忍耐 [Old French from endurer: see ENDURE]

endure /inˈdjʊə, en-/ v.  1 tr.  undergo (a difficulty, hardship, etc.) 经历；遭受(困难、艰辛等) 2 tr.  a  tolerate (a person) 容忍，忍受(某人)  cannot endure him  不能容忍他b (esp. with neg. 尤与否定词连用 ; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  bear 忍耐，忍受 3 intr.  remain in existence; last 持续，持久 4 tr.  submit to 顺从，服从 □ endurable  adj.  □ endurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ enduringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French endurer from Latin indurare ‘harden’ (as IN-2, durus ‘hard’)]

enduro /inˈdjʊərəʊ, en-/ n. (pl. -os)  a long-distance race for motor vehicles, designed to test endurance (机动车长距离的)耐力赛

end-user n.  the person, customer, etc., who is the ultimate user of a product 终端用户，最终用户

endways /ˈendweiz/ adv.  1  with its end uppermost or foremost or turned towards the viewer 末端朝上地；末端朝前地；末端朝向观众地 2  end to end 末端相对地

endwise /ˈendwaiz/ adv.  = ENDWAYS 

end zone n. Amer. Football  the rectangular area at the end of the field into which the ball must be carried or passed to score a touchdown 【美式橄榄球】球门区

ENE abbr. [缩略]  east-north-east 

-ene /i:n/ suffix  1  forming names of inhabitants of places (Nazarene 拿撒勒人) 构成名词，表示“…的居民” 2 Chem.  forming names of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond (benzene 苯 ; ethylene 乙烯) 【化】构成名称，表示“含烯” [from or suggested by Greek -ēnos]

enema /ˈenimə/ n. (pl. enemas or enemata /iˈnemətə/)  1  the injection of liquid or gas into the rectum, esp. to expel its contents 灌肠(法)，洗肠 2  a fluid or syringe used for this 灌肠剂；灌肠器 [Late Latin from Greek enema, from eniēmi ‘inject’ (as EN-2, hiēmi ‘send’)]

enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person or group actively opposing or hostile to another, or to a cause etc. 敌人，仇敌，仇人 2  a  a hostile nation or army, esp. in war 敌国；敌军(尤指在战争中)b  a member of this 敌兵c  a hostile ship or aircraft 敌舰；敌机 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  an adversary or opponent 敌手；反对者，敌对方 4  a thing that harms or injures 危害物，伤害物 5 (作 attrib.)  of or belonging to an enemy 敌人的，敌方的  destroyed by enemy action  被敌方的行动所摧毁 [Middle English via Old French enemi from Latin inimicus (as IN-1, amicus ‘friend’)]

energetic /enəˈdʒetik/ adj.  1  strenuously active 精神抖擞的，精力旺盛的 2  forcible, vigorous 充满活力的；强健的 3  powerfully operative 有力的，有劲的；高能的 □ energetically  adv.   [Greek energētikos from energeō (as EN-2, ergon ‘work’)]

energetics /enəˈdʒetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of energy 能量学，(力)能学

energize /ˈenədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  infuse energy into (a person or work) 给…注入活力，加油 2  provide energy for the operation of (a device) 为…提供能量，提供动力 □ energizer  n.  

energumen /enəˈɡju:mən/ n.  an enthusiast or fanatic 热心者；狂热分子 [Late Latin energumenus from Greek energoumenos, passive part. of energeō: see ENERGETIC]

energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  force, vigour; capacity for activity 干劲；活力；能力 2 (in pl. 用复数)  individual powers in use (个人的)精力，力量  devote your energies to this  将你的精力投入其中 3 Physics  the capacity of matter or radiation to do work 【物理学】能，能量 4  the means of doing work as provided by the utilization of physical or chemical resources (物理或化学等的)能源  nuclear energy  原子能 [French énergie or Late Latin energia from Greek energeia, from ergon ‘work’]

enervate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈenəveit/  deprive of vigour or vitality 使失去气力或活力 ●adj. /iˈnɜ:vət/  enervated 失去气势的，失去活力的，无力的 □ enervation  /enəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin enervatus, past part. of enervare (as E-, nervus ‘sinew’)]

en famille /ɒ˜ fæˈmi:, 法 ɑ˜ fæmij/ adv.  1  in or with one's family 如在家般地，家人般地 2  at home 在家里，和家人一起 [French, = in family]

enfant gɑˆté /ˌɒ˜fɒ˜ ɡæˈtei, 法 ɑ˜fɑ˜ ɡɑte/ n.  a person given undue flattery or indulgence 受到阿谀奉承的人，被纵容的人 [French, = spoilt child]

enfant terrible /ˌɒ˜fɒ˜ teˈri:bl(ə), 法 ɑ˜fɑ˜ tɛribl/ n. (pl. enfants terribles pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person who causes embarrassment by indiscreet or unruly behaviour 行事失检的人，使人难堪的人 [French, = terrible child]

enfeeble /inˈfi:b(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  make feeble 使虚弱，使无力，使衰弱 □ enfeeblement  n.   [Middle English from Old French enfeblir (as EN-1, FEEBLE)]

enfetter /inˈfetə, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  bind in or as in fetters 用镣铐束缚；使…带上脚镣；使受约束 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  enslave 使受奴役

enfilade /enfiˈleid/ n. & v. ●n.  gunfire directed along a line from end to end 纵射炮火，纵射 ●v. tr.  direct an enfilade at (troops, a road, etc.) (向军队、公路等)纵射，纵向射击 [French from enfiler (as EN-1, fil ‘thread’)]

enfold /inˈfəʊld, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 infold)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, with)  wrap up; envelop 把…包起来，裹住；封装 2  clasp, embrace 拥抱；怀抱

enforce /inˈfɔ:s, en-/ v. tr.  1  compel observance of (a law etc.) 强制执行，实施(法律等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impose (an action, conduct, one's will) (行动、行为、意愿)强加于 3  persist in (a demand or argument) 坚持(要求或论点) □ enforceable  adj.  □ enforceability  /-səˈbiliti/ n.  □ enforcedly  /-sidli/ adv.  □ enforcer  n.   [Middle English from Old French enforcir, -ier, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

enforcement /inˈfɔ:sm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  the act or an instance of enforcing 执行，实施；强制执行 [Middle English from Old French, as ENFORCE + -MENT]

enforcement notice n. Brit.  an official notification to remedy a breach of planning legislation [英]执行文告

enfranchise /inˈfræn(t)ʃaiz, en-/ v. tr.  1  give (a person) the right to vote 给(某人)选举权 2  give (a town) municipal rights, esp. that of representation in Parliament 授予(城镇)政治权利(尤指在议会中的代表权) 3 hist.  free (a slave, villein, etc.) [史义]解放，使(奴隶，农奴等)获自由 □ enfranchisement  /-izm(ə)nt/ n.   [Old French enfranchir (as EN-1, franc franche ‘free’: see FRANK)]

en fête /ɒ˜ ˈfeit, 法 ɑ˜ fɛt/ adv. & predic. adj.  holding or ready for a holiday or celebration (节日、庆祝等)准备好(的)，忙于…节日活动(的) [French, = in festival]

ENG abbr.  electronic news-gathering [缩略]电子信息采集

engage /inˈɡeidʒ, en-/ v.  1 tr. esp. Brit.  employ or hire (a person) [尤英]雇，聘 2 tr.  a (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  employ busily; occupy 忙于…，致力于…  are you engaged tomorrow?  你明天有安排吗？b  hold fast (a person's attention) 吸引(注意), 使关注 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  bind by a promise, esp. of marriage 被(许诺)约束 , (尤指)订婚 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  bind by a contract 受合同制约；承诺 5 tr.  arrange beforehand to occupy (a room, seat, etc.) 事先安排，预订(房间、座位等) 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) Mech. 【机】  a tr.  interlock (parts of a gear etc.); cause (a part) to interlock 使(变速器等部件)啮合b intr. (of a part, gear, etc.) interlock (机器部件、变速器等)啮合 7  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) (of troops etc.) come into battle (指军队等)交火，交战b tr.  bring (troops) into battle 使(军队)投入战斗，参战c tr.  come into battle with (an enemy etc.) 与(敌人等)交战，交手 8 intr.  take part 参加，从事…  engage in politics  从政 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  pledge oneself (自我)发誓，保证 10 tr. (usu. as 通常作 engaged adj.) Archit.  attach (a column) to a wall 【建】附联，使(柱子)与墙相联 11 tr. (of fencers etc.) interlock (weapons) (击剑等)器械互锁，缠在一起 [French engager, related to GAGE1]

engaged /inˈɡeidʒd, en-/ adj.  1  under a promise to marry 订婚的 2  a  occupied, busy 忙于…的b  reserved, booked 预订的，预约的 3 Brit. (of a telephone line) unavailable because already in use [英] (电话线)被占用的

engaged signal n. (also 亦作 engaged tone) Brit.  a sound indicating that a telephone line is engaged [英]忙音，占线音

engagement /inˈɡeidʒm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or state of engaging or being engaged 从事，忙于 2  an appointment with another person 约会，会面 3  a betrothal 婚约，订婚 4  an encounter between hostile forces 交火，交战 5  a moral commitment 道德上的义务，责任 [French, from engager: see ENGAGE]

engagement ring n.  a finger ring given by a man to a woman when they promise to marry 订婚戒指

engaging /inˈɡeidʒiŋ, en-/ adj.  attractive, charming 迷人的，有魅力的，吸引人的 □ engagingly  adv.  □ engagingness  n.  

engagé /ɒŋɡæˈʒei, 法 ɑ˜ɡɑʒe/ adj. (of a writer etc.) morally committed (作家等)有道德观念的，承担道义责任的 [French, past part. of engager: see ENGAGE]

engender /inˈdʒendə, en-/ v. tr.  1  give rise to; bring about (a feeling etc.) 使产生，使涌起(感情等) 2 archaic  beget [古义]招致，引起 [Middle English via Old French engendrer from Latin ingenerare (as IN-2, generare GENERATE)]

engine /ˈendʒin/ n.  1  a mechanical contrivance consisting of several parts working together, esp. as a source of power 引擎，发动机 2  a  a railway locomotive 蒸汽机车，火车头b  = FIRE ENGINE c  = STEAM ENGINE  3 archaic  a machine or instrument, esp. a contrivance used in warfare [古义]机械装置或仪器，(尤指)用于战争的发明和装置 □ engined  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ engineless  adj.   [Old French engin from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’: cf. INGENIOUS]

engine driver n. Brit.  the driver of an engine, esp. a railway locomotive [英]机车司机，(尤指)火车司机

engineer /endʒiˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person qualified in a branch of engineering, esp. as a professional 工程师；技师 2  = CIVIL ENGINEER  3  a  a person who makes or is in charge of engines 机械师，机器设计师b  a person who maintains machines; a mechanic; a technician 技工，技师，维修技师 4 N. Amer.  an engine driver [北美]机车司机，火车司机 5  a person who designs and constructs military works; a soldier trained for this purpose 工兵 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a skilful or artful contriver 能工巧匠；筹划者 ●v.  1 tr.  arrange, contrive, or bring about, esp. artfully 安排，导致，(尤指)巧妙地策划 2 intr.  act as an engineer (作为工程师)设计；制造；筹划 3 tr.  construct or manage as an engineer (作为工程师)建设；管理 [Middle English via Old French engigneor from medieval Latin ingeniator -oris, from ingeniare (as ENGINE)]

engineering /endʒiˈniəriŋ/ n.  the application of science to the design, building, and use of machines, constructions, etc. 工程

engineering science n.  engineering as a field of study 工程科学

engine house n.  a building where an engine is housed 发动机库，机车库

engine room n.  a room containing engines (esp. in a ship) (尤指在船上的)发动机房，轮机舱

enginery /ˈendʒin(ə)ri/ n.  engines and machinery generally (总称)机械，机器

engird /inˈɡɜ:d, en-/ v. tr.  surround with or as with a girdle (似)用带子环绕，用带围裹

engirdle /inˈɡɜ:d(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  engird 用带子环绕

England /ˈiŋglənd/ n.  英格兰

English /ˈiŋɡliʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to England or its people or language 英国的；英国人的；英语的 ●n.  1  the language of England, now used in many varieties in the British Isles, the United States, and most Commonwealth or ex-Commonwealth countries, and often internationally 英语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of England 英国人 3 US Billiards [美]【台球】  = SIDEn. 10  □ Englishness  n.   [Old English englisc, œnglisc (as ANGLE, -ISH1)]

English bond n.  a bond of brickwork arranged in alternate courses of stretchers and headers 英国式砌合(一种砌砖方法)

English elm  see 见 ELM 1 

English galingale  see 见 GALINGALE 2 

English horn n.  = COR ANGLAIS 

Englishman /ˈiŋɡliʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is English by birth or descent 英国男子(出生在英国或为英国人后裔)

Englishwoman /ˈiŋɡliʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is English by birth or descent 英国女子(出生在英国或为英国人后裔)

engorge /inˈɡɔ:dʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1 (in passive 用被动)  a  be crammed 塞满b Med.  be congested with blood 【医】充血 2  devour greedily 大吃，狼吞虎咽，饱食 □ engorgement  n.   [French engorger (as EN-1, GORGE)]

engraft /inˈɡrɑ:ft, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 ingraft)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, upon) Bot.  insert (a scion of one tree) into another tree 【植】嫁接 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  implant (principles etc.) in a person's mind 使树立，给某人灌输(原则等) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  incorporate permanently 使永久并入 □ engraftment  n.  

engrail /inˈɡreil, en-/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 engrailed adj.) esp. Heraldry  make semicircular indentations along the edge of (尤)【纹章学】把…边装饰成锯齿形 [Middle English from Old French engresler (as EN-1, gresle ‘hail’)]

engrain var.  of INGRAIN  INGRAIN 的变体

engram /ˈenɡræm/ n.  a supposed permanent change in the brain accounting for the existence of memory, a memory trace 记忆痕迹；(头脑中的)印迹 □ engrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.   [German Engramm, from Greek en ‘in’ + gramma ‘letter of the alphabet’]

engrave /inˈɡreiv, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  inscribe, cut, or carve (a text or design) on a hard surface (在坚硬的表面上)刻，雕刻(文字或图案) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  inscribe or ornament (a surface) in this way 用雕刻装饰 3  cut (a design) as lines on a metal plate for printing 刻版，雕版 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  impress deeply on a person's memory etc. 给…留下深刻记忆 □ engraver  n.   [EN-1 + GRAVE3]

engraving /inˈɡreiviŋ, en-/ n.  1  a print made from an engraved plate, block, or other surface 雕版；图版 2  the process or art of cutting a design etc. on a hard surface 雕刻术，镌版术

engross /inˈɡrəʊs, en-/ v. tr.  1  absorb the attention of; occupy fully 沉浸，使深深陷入，使全神贯注  engrossed in studying  沉浸在学习中 2  make a fair copy of a legal document 正式写成(法律文件) 3  reproduce (a document etc.) in larger letters or larger format 用大字体(或大号格式)重新书写(文件等) 4 archaic  monopolize (a conversation etc.) [古义]独占，垄断(讲话机会等) □ engrossing  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ engrossment  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French engrosser: senses 2 and 3 from en ‘in’ + grosse ‘large writing’: senses 1 and 4 from en gros ‘wholesale’]

engulf /inˈɡʌlf, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 ingulf)  1  flow over and swamp; overwhelm 淹没，吞没 2  swallow or plunge into a gulf (被陷窟)吞没，淹没 □ engulfment  n.  

enhance /inˈhɑ:ns, -hæns, en-/ v. tr.  heighten or intensify (qualities, powers, value, etc.); improve (something already of good quality) 增强，加强，提高(质量、力量、价值等)；改进，改善 □ enhancement  n.  □ enhancer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enhauncer, probably alteration of Old French enhaucier, ultimately from Latin altus ‘high’]

enharmonic /enhɑ:ˈmɒnik/ adj. Mus.  of or having intervals smaller than a semitone (esp. such intervals as that between G sharp and A flat, these notes being made the same in a scale of equal temperament) 【音】小于半音的，同音异名的 □ enharmonically  adv.   [Late Latin enharmonicus from Greek enarmonikos (as EN-2, harmonia HARMONY)]

enigma /iˈniɡmə/ n.  1  a puzzling thing or person 谜一样的事(或人)；神秘费解的事(或人) 2  a riddle or paradox 谜或自相矛盾的事 □ enigmatic  /eniɡˈmætik/ adj.  □ enigmatical  /eniɡˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ enigmatically  /eniɡˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ enigmatize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin aenigma from Greek ainigma -matos, from ainissomai ‘speak allusively’ from ainos ‘fable’]

enjambment /inˈdʒæm(b)m(ə)nt, en-/ n. (also 亦作 enjambement) Prosody  the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza 【诗体】(诗、对句、诗节中一行的)跨行连续 [French enjambement from enjamber (as EN-1, jambe ‘leg’)]

enjoin /inˈdʒɔin, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  command or order (a person) 指令，命令b (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  issue instructions 发布命令，下达指示 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  impose or prescribe (an action or conduct) 责令，吩咐 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from) Law  prohibit (a person) by order 【法律】下令禁止；下令阻止 □ enjoinment  n.   [Middle English via Old French enjoindre from Latin injungere (as IN-2, jungere ‘join’)]

enjoy /inˈdʒɔi, en-/ v. tr.  1  take delight or pleasure in 欣赏；喜爱 2  have the use or benefit of 享受，享有 3 Brit.  experience [英]经历  enjoy poor health  一段时间身体不好 □ enjoy oneself   experience pleasure 过得快活，得到乐趣□ enjoyer  n.  □ enjoyment  n.   [Middle English from Old French enjoier ‘give joy to’ or enjoïr ‘enjoy’, ultimately from Latin gaudēre ‘rejoice’]

enjoyable /inˈdʒɔiəb(ə)l, eʌ-/ adj.  pleasant; giving enjoyment 愉快的，快乐的，让人快活的 □ enjoyability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ enjoyableness  n.  □ enjoyably  adv.  

enkephalin /enˈkef(ə)lin/ n. (also 亦作 encephalin /enˈsef-/) Biochem.  either of two morphine-like peptides (endorphins) occurring naturally in the brain and thought to control levels of pain 【生化】脑啡肽 [Greek egkephalos ‘brain’ as ENCEPHALO-]

enkindle /inˈkind(ə)l, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  a  cause (flames) to flare up 使(火焰)燃起，点燃b  stimulate (feeling, passion, etc.) 刺激；激发；煽起(感情、热情等) 2  inflame with passion 煽情，使激动

enlace /inˈleis, en-/ v. tr.  1  encircle tightly 紧紧缠绕；包裹 2  entwine 盘绕，环绕 3  enfold 折叠，封装 □ enlacement  n.   [Middle English from Old French enlacier, ultimately from Latin laqueus ‘noose’]

enlarge /inˈlɑ:dʒ, en-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become larger or wider 使变大，使增大；使加宽 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  expatiate 详叙，细说 3 tr. Photog.  produce an enlargement of (a negative) 【摄】放大(照片) [Middle English from Old French enlarger (as EN-1, LARGE)]

enlargement /inˈlɑ:dʒm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of enlarging; the state of being enlarged 扩大，增大 2 Photog.  a print that is larger than the negative from which it is produced 【摄】放大的照片，扩印的照片

enlarger /inˈlɑ:dʒə/ n. Photog.  an apparatus for enlarging or reducing negatives or positives 【摄】(相片)放大机

enlighten /inˈlait(ə)n, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  instruct or inform (about a subject) 指导；使了解，使明晓 2 (esp. as 尤作 enlightened adj.)  free from prejudice or superstition 开明的，无偏见的，不迷信的 3 literary or poet. [文学用语] [诗]  a  shed light on (an object) 照亮，照耀b  give spiritual insight to (a person) 启迪，启发，开导 □ enlightener  n.  

enlightenment /inˈlait(ə)nm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of enlightening; the state of being enlightened 启迪，启蒙；指导 2 (作 the Enlightenment)  the 18th-c. philosophy emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition 18 世纪欧洲的启蒙运动

enlist /inˈlist, en-/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  enrol in the armed services 入伍，从军，应募，应征 2 tr.  secure as a means of help or support 获得…的帮助，谋取…的支持 □ enlister  n.  □ enlistment  n.  

enlisted man n. US  a soldier or sailor below the rank of officer [美]士兵

enliven /inˈlaiv(ə)n, en-/ v. tr.  1  give life or spirit to 赋予…生命，使有精神，使有神气 2  make cheerful, brighten (a picture or scene) 使(画或场面)生动活泼，明亮 □ enlivener  n.  □ enlivenment  n.  

en masse /ɒ˜ ˈmæs/ adv.  1  all together 全体地，一起地 2  in a mass 大量地；群体地 [French]

enmesh /inˈmeʃ, en-/ v. tr.  entangle in or as in a net (似)被网缠住，网住，困住 □ enmeshment  n.  

enmity /ˈenmiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being an enemy 敌对；不和 2  a feeling of hostility 敌意，仇恨 [Middle English via Old French enemitié from Romanic (as ENEMY)]

ennead /ˈeniæd/ n.  a group of nine 9 个一组(人或物) [Greek enneas enneados from ennea ‘nine’]

ennoble /iˈnəʊb(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  make (a person) a noble 封…为贵族，使成为贵族 2  make noble; elevate 使高尚，使尊贵 □ ennoblement  n.   [French ennoblir (as EN-1, NOBLE)]

ennui /ɒnˈwi:/ n.  mental weariness from lack of occupation or interest; boredom 枯燥乏味，无聊，厌倦 [French from Latin in odio: cf. ODIUM]

Enoch /ˈi:nɒk/   伊诺克 [人名]

enology US var.  of OENOLOGY [美] OENOLOGY 的变体

enormity /iˈnɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  extreme wickedness 穷凶极恶，残暴，凶狠 2  an act of extreme wickedness 凶残的行为，残暴的行为 3  a serious error 严重的错误 4 disp.  great size; enormousness [异议]极大，巨大 [Middle English via French énormité from Latin enormitas -tatis, from enormis ENORMOUS]■Usage 用法说明 The use of enormity in sense 4 is often found, e.g. the enormity of the problem, but is regarded as incorrect by many people. 释义 4 的用法很常见，如 the enormity of problem (巨大的问题)，但很多人认为这种用法是不正确的。 

enormous /iˈnɔ:məs/ adj.  very large; huge 极大的，庞大的，巨大的  enormous animals  巨兽 an enormous difference  极大的差异 □ enormously  adv.  □ enormousness  n.   [Latin enormis (as E-, norma ‘pattern, standard’)]

enosis /iˈnəʊsis, ˈenəsis/ n.  the political union of Cyprus and Greece, as an ideal or proposal 希腊与塞浦路斯的政治合并(一种想法或建议) [modern Greek enōsis, from ena ‘one’]

enough /iˈnʌf/ det., adj., pron., adv. & int. ●det. & predic. adj.  as much or as many as required 足够的，充足的  we have enough apples  我们有足够的苹果 we do not have enough sugar  我们没有足够的糖 earned enough money to buy a house  挣够了买房钱 one book was enough to put her off  一本书就够她忙的了 ●pron.  an amount or quantity that is enough 足够的数量，充裕  we have enough of everything now  我们现在什么都不缺 enough is as good as a feast  饱餐不比宴席差 ●adv. (after an adj. or adv. 用在形容词或副词之后)  1  to the required degree, adequately 够用地，满足需要地  are you warm enough?  你还冷吗？ 2  fairly 相当，很…  she sings well enough  她唱得相当不错 3  very, quite 非常，十分  you know well enough what I mean  你很清楚我的意思 oddly enough  非常奇怪 ●int.  that is enough (in various senses, esp. to put an end to an action, thing said, etc.) 够了，行了(用于各种场合，尤在终止行动、所谈论的话题等时使用) □ have had enough of   want no more of; be satiated with or tired of 够了，不再需要；满足了；厌倦了 [Old English genog, from Germanic]

en passant /ɒ˜ pɑˈsɑ:nt, pɑsɒ˜/ adv.  1  by the way 顺便地，附带地 2 Chess  used with reference to the permitted capture of an opponent's pawn that has just advanced two squares in its first move with a pawn that could have taken it if it had advanced only one square 【棋类】(一种吃兵的方式)吃过路兵 [French, = in passing]

en pension /ɒ˜ pɒ˜ˈsjɒ˜, 法 ɑ˜ pɑ˜sjɔ˜/ adv.  as a boarder or resident 作为寄宿者；在寄宿处居住 [French: see PENSION2]

enplane /inˈplein, en-/ var.  of EMPLANE  EMPLANE 的变体

enprint /ˈenprint/ n. Brit.  a standard-sized photographic print [英]标准尺寸的照片 [enlarged print]

enquire /inˈkwaiə/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  seek information; ask a question (of a person) 询问；提问 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 after, for)  ask about a person, a person's health, etc. 问候(某人或其健康等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  ask about the availability of 询问是否可用，是否可提供… 4 tr.  ask for information as to 询问有关信息，了解有关消息  enquired my name  询问我的姓名 enquired whether we were coming  问我们是否前往 5 intr.  = INQUIRE 1  □ enquirer  n .  □ enquiring  adj.  □ enquiringly  adv.   [Middle English enquere from Old French enquerre, ultimately from Latin inquirere (as IN-2, quaerere quaesit- ‘seek’)]■Usage 用法说明 A useful distinction exists between enquire and inquire, although some people use these two words interchangeably. Enquire is best used to mean ‘to ask’ in general contexts, while inquire is best reserved to mean ‘to make a formal investigation’. In cases of academic investigation, enquire tends to be preferred e.g. enquire into the nature of happiness. The same distinction exists between enquiry and inquiry. 虽然有些人在使用 enquire 与 inquire 时不加区别，但是这两个词在用法上还是有差异的。 enquire 最好用来表示对一般内容的询问；而 inquire 最好用来表示对事情进行正式的调查。在表示学术性的查考时，人们倾向于用 enquire ，如 enquire into the nature of happiness (探询幸福的本质)。名词 enquiry 与 inquiry 亦有同样的区别。 

enquiry /inˈkwairi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of asking or seeking information 询问，查询 2  = INQUIRY ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ENQUIRE. 见 ENQUIRE 的用法说明。 

enrage /inˈreidʒ, en-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 enraged adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 at, by, with)  make furious 激怒，使恼怒，使生气 □ enragement  n.   [French enrager (as EN-1, RAGE)]

en rapport /ɒn raˈpɔ:, 法 ɑ˜ rapɔr/ adv. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  in harmony or rapport 和谐地，融洽地 [French: see RAPPORT]

enrapture /inˈræptʃə, en-/ v. tr.  give intense delight to 使狂喜，使欣喜

enrich /inˈritʃ, en-/ v. tr.  1  make rich or richer 使富裕，使更富有 2  make richer in quality, flavour, nutritive value, etc. 增强；添加；强化(质量、风味、营养价值等) 3  add to the contents of (a collection, museum, or book) 使(藏品、博物馆陈列品、书籍等)充实，更加丰富 4  increase the content of an isotope in (material), esp. enrich (uranium) with isotope U-235 浓缩，富集(矿物)，(尤指)浓缩(铀) □ enrichment  n.   [Middle English from Old French enrichir (as EN-1, RICH)]

enrobe /inˈrəʊb, en-/ v. tr.  put on a robe, vestment, etc. 使穿长袍，使穿衣

enrol /inˈrəʊl, en-/ v. (US [美] enroll) (enrolled, enrolling)  1 intr.  enter one's name on a list, esp. as a commitment to membership 在(名单上)登记(尤指成为会员) 2 tr.  a  write the name of (a person) on a list 登记(某人的名字)，将…登入名单b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  incorporate (a person) as a member of a society etc. 使(某人)成为会员 3 tr. hist.  enter (a deed etc.) among the rolls of a court of justice [史义]将(契约等)归入法院档案 4 tr.  record 记录，登录，备案 □ enrollee  /-ˈli:/ n.   [Middle English from Old French enroller (as EN-1, rolle ROLL n.)]

enrolment /inˈrəʊlm(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] enrollment)  1  the act or an instance of enrolling; the state of being enrolled 招收，吸收；登记；注册 2 US  the number of persons enrolled, esp. at a school or college [美] (尤指学校的)招收人数

en route /ɒn ˈru:t/ adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  on the way 在路上，在途中 [French]

en rule n. Brit.  a short dash used in punctuation [英] (标点符号中的)短横

ensconce /inˈskɒns, en-/ v. tr. (usu. 通常作 refl. or in passive 用被动)  establish or settle comfortably, safely, or secretly (舒适地，安全地或秘密地)安顿，安置

ensemble /ɒ˜ˈsɒ˜:b(ə)l, ɒnˈsɒmb(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a thing viewed as the sum of its parts 全貌，概况b  the general effect of this 总效果 2  a set of clothes worn together; an outfit 全套服装，套装 3  a group of actors, dancers, musicians, etc., performing together, esp. subsidiary dancers in ballet etc. (舞蹈、音乐等合演、齐奏中的)群舞演员；合唱演员；伴唱组；合奏演员；(尤指)芭蕾舞中的群舞演员 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a concerted passage for an ensemble 合奏的乐段；曲谱b  the manner in which this is performed 合唱；齐唱；合奏  good ensemble  准确协调的合唱(奏) 5 Math.  a group of systems with the same constitution but possibly in different states 【数】总体 [French, ultimately from Latin insimul (as IN-2, simul ‘at the same time’)]

enshrine /inˈʃrain, en-/ v. tr.  1  enclose in or as in a shrine 把…(似)置于神龛内 2  serve as a shrine for 祀奉，把…奉为神明 3  preserve or cherish 保藏；珍惜；珍藏 □ enshrinement  n.  

enshroud /inˈʃrɑʊd, en-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  cover with or as with a shroud 用裹尸布覆盖，给…蒙上裹尸布 2  cover completely; hide from view 严遮；隐藏；掩盖

ensign /ˈensain/ n.  1  a  a banner or flag, esp. the military or naval flag of a nation 旗帜，军旗(尤指一国陆军或海军的)b Brit.  each of three flags, the blue, red, and white ensigns, with the union flag in the corner [英]旗帜一角标有会旗的蓝、红、白色旗中的一种 2  a standard-bearer 掌旗官 3  a hist.  the lowest commissioned infantry officer [史义]英国步兵少尉(陆军军官中的最低军衔)b US  the lowest commissioned officer in the navy [美]海军少尉(海军军官中的最低军衔) □ ensigncy  n.   [Middle English via Old French enseigne from Latin insignia: see INSIGNIA]

ensilage /ˈensilidʒ, enˈsailidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the process of making silage 青贮(饲料) 2  = SILAGEn. 2  ●v. tr.  treat (fodder) by ensilage (对饲草)进行青贮处理 [French (as ENSILE)]

ensile /enˈsail/ v. tr.  1  put (fodder) into a silo 入窖青贮(饲料) 2  preserve (fodder) in a silo 将(饲草)青贮保存在窖中 [French ensiler from Spanish ensilar (as EN-1, SILO)]

enslave /inˈsleiv, en-/ v. tr.  make (a person) a slave 奴役，使成为奴隶，使沦为奴隶 □ enslavement  n.  □ enslaver  n.  

ensnare /inˈsnɛə, en-/ v. tr.  catch in or as in a snare; entrap (用陷阱)诱捕；诱惑；使…入圈套 □ ensnarement  n.  

ensue /inˈsju:, en-/ v. intr. (ensues, ensued, ensuing)  1  happen afterwards 随后发生，跟着发生 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, on)  occur as a result 结果是…，接踵而来，继…而发生 [Middle English from Old French ensuivre, ultimately from Latin sequi ‘follow’]

en suite /ɒ˜ ˈswi:t/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  forming a single unit 组成一个单元；组成一套  bedroom with bathroom en suite  一套带卫生间的卧室 ●adj.  1  forming a single unit 组成一单元的；成为一套的  en suite bathroom  套房的卫生间 2  with a bathroom attached 附有卫生间的  seven en suite bedrooms  7 套带卫生间的卧室 [French, = in sequence]

ensure /inˈʃʊə, en-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  make certain 确定，确保 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  secure (a thing for a person etc.) (向某人等)担保，保证 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  make safe 使安全，保护 [Middle English via Anglo-French enseürer from Old French aseürer ASSURE]

enswathe /inˈsweið, en-/ v. tr.  bind or wrap in or as in a bandage (用绷带)缠绕，包扎；包紧，裹紧 □ enswathement  n.  

ENT abbr.  ear, nose, and throat [缩略]耳鼻喉

-ent /(ə)nt/ suffix  1  forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action  consequent  作为结果的 or state  existent  存在的 构成形容词，表示“有…性质”；或“状态” 2  forming nouns denoting an agent (coefficient 协作因素 ; president 董事长) 构成名词，表示“动作者” [from or suggested by French -ent or Latin -ent-, pres. part. stem of verbs (cf. -ANT)]

entablature /enˈtæblətʃə, in-/ n. Archit.  the upper part of a classical building supported by columns or a colonnade, comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice 【建】(古典建筑的)柱上楣构，檐部 [Italian intavolatura from intavolare ‘board up’ (as IN-2, tavola ‘table’)]

entablement /enˈteib(ə)lm(ə)nt, in-/ n.  a platform supporting a statue, above the dado and base 塑像底部，平台(在台座与基础上面) [French, from entabler (as EN-1, TABLE)]

entail /inˈteil, en-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  necessitate or involve unavoidably 使成为必要，必定要发生  the work entails much effort  这工作需要花不少力气 2 Law  bequeath (property etc.) so that it remains within a family 【法律】(财产等)遗赠，传给(家人) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  bestow (a thing) inalienably 把…不可转让地给予；使永久处于 ●n. Law 【法律】  1  an entailed estate 限嗣继承的不动产 2  the succession to such an estate 继承不动产的顺序；限嗣继承 □ entailment  n.   [Middle English, from EN-1 + Anglo-French taile TAIL2]

entangle /inˈtæŋɡ(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  cause to get caught in a snare or among obstacles 缠住，套住 2  cause to become tangled 使混乱，使缠绕 3  involve in difficulties or illicit activities 卷入，陷入(麻烦、纠纷或非法活动)；被牵连，连累 4  make (a thing) tangled or intricate; complicate 使…复杂化，弄乱

entanglement /inˈtæŋɡ(ə)lm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or condition of entangling or being entangled 纠缠；连累；牵连，卷入 2  a  a thing that entangles 缠绕物b Mil.  an extensive barrier erected to obstruct an enemy's movements (esp. one made of stakes and interlaced barbed wire) 【军】(阻挡敌军前进的)障碍物(尤指尖桩和带刺的铁丝网) 3  a compromising (esp. amorous) relationship (人际关系，尤指恋爱关系的)折衷，妥协

entasis /ˈentəsis/ n. (pl. entases) Archit.  a slight convex curve in a column shaft to correct the visual illusion that straight sides give of curving inwards 【建】(纠正视觉错觉用的)圆柱上的微凸线，圆柱收分线 [modern Latin from Greek, from enteinō ‘to stretch’]

entelechy /enˈteləki, in-/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  the realization of potential 生命原理，潜能的实现 2  the supposed essential nature or guiding principle of a living thing 生命本原 [Late Latin entelechia from Greek entelekheia, from telos ‘end, perfection’ + ekhein ‘be in a state’]

entellus /inˈteləs, en-/ n.  = HANUMAN 1  [name of an aged Trojan in Virgil's Aeneid]

entente /ɒnˈtɒnt/ n.  1  = ENTENTE CORDIALE  2  a group of states in such a relation 有协议关系的各方；有协约关系的各国 [French, = understanding (as INTENT)]

entente cordiale /ɒ˜ˈtɒ˜t kɔ:diˈɑ:l, 法 ɑ˜tɑ˜t kɔrdjal/ n.  a friendly understanding between states, esp. (often Entente Cordiale) that reached in 1904 between Britain and France (国家之间的)协约，谅解；(尤指) 1904 年的《英法协约》 (常作 Entente Cordiale) [French, = cordial understanding: see ENTENTE]

enter /ˈentə/ v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  go or come in 进入b tr.  go or come into 进入…，来到…c intr.  come on stage 上台，入场 as a direction 作舞台指示用语 : enter Macbeth  麦克佩斯上场 2 tr.  penetrate; go through 透入，穿入  a bullet entered his chest  一粒子弹穿入他的胸膛 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  write (a name, details, etc.) in a list, book, etc. (在名单、本子上等)记，记录(姓名、细目等) 4  a intr.  register or announce oneself as a competitor 报名；报到(参赛)  entered for the long jump  参加跳远比赛b tr.  become a competitor in (an event) 成为参赛者c tr.  record the name of (a person etc.) as a competitor 比赛检录，登记  entered two horses for the Derby  为马赛登记了两匹马 5 tr.  a  become a member of (a society etc.) (会员)注册，成为…的会员b  enrol as a member or prospective member of a society, school, etc.; admit or obtain admission for 招收(为学生)；吸收(为会员)；同意吸纳，同意接收；得到批准，获得批准 6 tr.  make known; present for consideration (书面)使知道；提请考虑  entered a protest  提出抗议 7 tr.  put into an official record 备案，入档 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  engage in (conversation, relations, an undertaking, etc.) 参与，加入(谈话、关系、活动等)b  subscribe to; bind oneself by (an agreement etc.) 使自身受(合约、协议等)的约束，有义务c  form part of (one's calculations, plans, etc.) 组成(计算、计划等)的一部分d  sympathize with (feelings etc.) 同情，怜悯 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  begin, undertake; begin to deal with (a subject) 开始做，着手做；开始处理b  assume the functions of (an office) (政府机构)恢复功能，重新开始行使职能c  assume possession of (property) 恢复(财产)所有权，重新占有(财产) 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  complete a series of entries in (account books etc.) 完成(账簿等)登录 [Middle English via Old French entrer from Latin intrare]

enteric /enˈterik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the intestines 肠的，肠内的 ●n. (in full 全称 enteric fever)  typhoid 伤寒，肠热病 [Greek enterikos (as ENTERO-)]

enteritis /entəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the (small) intestine, often causing diarrhoea (小肠)肠炎(常引起腹泻)

entero- /ˈentərəʊ/ comb. form  intestine [构词成分]肠 [Greek enteron ‘intestine’]

enterostomy /entəˈrɒstəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Surgery  a surgical operation in which the small intestine is brought through the abdominal wall and opened, in order to bypass the stomach or the colon 【外科】肠造口术

enterotomy /entəˈrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical cutting open of the intestine 肠切开术

enterovirus /ˈent(ə)rəʊˌvairəs/ n.  a virus infecting the intestines and sometimes spreading to other parts of the body, esp. the central nervous system 肠道病毒(有时会扩散到身体其他部位，尤其是中枢神经系统)

enterprise /ˈentəpraiz/ n.  1  an undertaking, esp. a bold or difficult one 事业(尤指带有冒险性、艰巨的) 2 (as a personal attribute) readiness to engage in such undertakings (指人的素质)事业心，魄力  has no enterprise  没有魄力 3  a business firm 企业，公司 □ enterpriser  n.   [Middle English from Old French entreprise, fem. past part. of entreprendre (variant of emprendre), ultimately from Latin prendere, prehendere ‘take’]

enterprise zone n.  a depressed (usu. urban) area where State incentives such as tax concessions are designed to encourage investment 企业振兴区(通常设在贫困城区，国家通过减税等措施来鼓励投资)

enterprising /ˈentəpraiziŋ/ adj.  1  ready to engage in enterprises 有事业心的，有进取心的，有魄力的 2  resourceful, imaginative, energetic 有想像力的；有思想的；积极进取的 □ enterprisingly  adv.  

entertain /entəˈtein/ v. tr.  1  amuse; occupy agreeably 给…娱乐，使…快乐 2  a  receive or treat as a guest 招待；款待b (absol. [含宾])  receive guests 请客  they entertain a great deal  他们频繁请客 3  give attention or consideration to (an idea, feeling, or proposal) 关注；考虑 [in earlier use = keep up, maintain: Middle English from French entretenir, ultimately from Latin tenēre ‘hold’]

entertainer /entəˈteinə/ n.  a person who entertains, esp. professionally on stage etc. 表演者，(尤指)在舞台等上表演的专业演员

entertaining /entəˈteiniŋ/ adj.  amusing, diverting 娱乐的，让人开心的， □ entertainingly  adv.  

entertainment /entəˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of entertaining; the process of being entertained 娱乐；招待，款待 2  a public performance or show 公共娱乐表演，娱乐演出 3  diversions or amusements for guests etc. 招待客人的娱乐活动 4  amusement 开心，愉悦  much to my entertainment  令我十分开心 5  hospitality 好客；热情招待

enthalpy /ˈenθ(ə)lpi, enˈθælpi/ n. Physics  the total thermodynamic heat content of a system 【物理学】热函，焓 [Greek enthalpō ‘warm in’ (as EN-1, thalpō ‘to heat’)]

enthral /inˈθrɔ:l, en-/ v. tr. (US [美] enthrall, inthrall) (-thralled, -thralling)  1  captivate, please greatly 迷住；使迷醉 2  enslave 奴役，使沦为奴隶 □ enthralment  n. (US [美] enthrallment)   [EN-1 + THRALL]

enthrone /inˈθrəʊn, en-/ v. tr.  1  install (a king, bishop, etc.) on a throne, esp. ceremonially 加冕，使登基，使登位(尤指通过仪式进行) 2  exalt 使居于最高地位；提升 □ enthronement  n.  

enthuse /inˈθju:z, en-/ v. intr. & tr. colloq.  be or make enthusiastic [口] (使)热心，(使)热情 [back-formation from ENTHUSIASM]

enthusiasm /inˈθju:ziæz(ə)m, en-/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, about)  a  strong interest or admiration 热情，热忱；热衷，巨大兴趣b  great eagerness 渴望 2  an object of enthusiasm 激发热情的事物 3 archaic  extravagant religious emotion [古义]宗教狂热 [French enthousiasme or Late Latin enthusiasmus from Greek enthousiasmos, from entheos ‘possessed by a god, inspired’ (as EN-2, theos ‘god’)]

enthusiast /inˈθju:ziæst, en-/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a person who is full of enthusiasm 热忱者，狂热者，热心者 2  a visionary; a self-deluded person 幻想者，空想者，自我迷惑者 [French enthousiaste or ecclesiastical Latin enthusiastes from Greek (as ENTHUSIASM)]

enthusiastic /inˌθju:ziˈæstik, en-/ adj.  having or showing enthusiasm 热情的，热心的；热烈的；热衷的，有巨大兴趣的 □ enthusiastically  adv.   [Greek enthousiastikos (as ENTHUSIASM)]

enthymeme /ˈenθimi:m/ n. Logic  a syllogism in which one premiss is not explicitly stated 【逻辑学】三段论省略式 [Latin enthymema from Greek enthumēma, from enthumeomai ‘consider’ (as EN-2, thumos ‘mind’)]

entice /inˈtais, en-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, into, or to + infin.)  persuade by the offer of pleasure or reward 诱惑，诱使，引诱 □ enticement  n.  □ enticer  n.  □ enticing  adj.  □ enticingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French enticier, probably from Romanic]

entire /inˈtaiə, en-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  whole, complete 整个的，全部的，全体的 2  not broken or decayed 完整的，无损的 3  unqualified, absolute 纯粹的；绝对的  an entire success  绝对的成功 4  in one piece; continuous 整个的，连续的 5  not castrated 未阉割的，未去势的 6 Bot.  without indentation 【植】全缘的，无齿状的 ●n.  an uncastrated animal 未阉割的动物 [Middle English via Anglo-French enter, Old French entier from Latin integer ‘untouched, whole’ (as IN-2, tangere ‘touch’)]

entirely /inˈtaiəli, en-/ adv.  1  wholly, completely 全部地，完全地  the stock is entirely exhausted  股市完全崩溃 2  solely, exclusively 单独地，专门地  did it entirely for my benefit  专为我自己的利益而为

entirety /inˈtaiərəti, -ˈtaiəti, en-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  completeness 全部，完全，整个 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the sum total 总量，总共 □ in its entirety   in its complete form; completely 全部，整个 [Middle English via Old French entiereté, from Latin integritas -tatis, from integer: see ENTIRE]

entitle /inˈtait(ə)l, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  give (a person etc.) a just claim 使人有权拥有…b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  give (a person etc.) a right 使(人等)有权 2  a  give (a book etc.) the title of 为(书等)命名，起名b archaic  give (a person) the title of [古义]授予…某种称号  entitled him Sultan  封他为苏丹 □ entitlement  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French entitler, Old French entiteler from Late Latin intitulare (as IN-2, TITLE)]

entity /ˈentiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing with distinct existence, as opposed to a quality or relation 实体，本体 2  a thing's existence regarded distinctly; a thing's essential nature (一物有别于他物的)存在；本质 □ entitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [French entité or medieval Latin entitas from Late Latin ens ‘being’]

ento- /ˈentəʊ/ prefix  within 在内，内部 [Greek entos ‘within’]

entomb /inˈtu:m, en-/ v. tr.  1  place in or as in a tomb 埋葬，下葬 2  serve as a tomb for 作为…的坟墓 □ entombment  n.   [Old French entomber (as EN-1, TOMB)]

entomo- /ˈentəməʊ/ comb. form  insect [构词成分]昆虫 [Greek entomos ‘cut up’ (in neut. = INSECT, from its segmented body) from EN-2 + temnō ‘cut’]

entomology /entəˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the forms and behaviour of insects 昆虫学 □ entomological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ entomologist  n.   [French entomologie or modern Latin entomologia (as ENTOMO-, -LOGY)]

entomophagous /entəˈmɒfəɡəs/ adj. Zool.  insect-eating 【动】食虫的

entomophilous /entəˈmɒfiləs/ adj. Biol.  pollinated by insects 【生】虫媒(传粉)的

entoparasite /entəʊˈpærəsait/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ENDOPARASITE 

entophyte /ˈentə(ʊ)fait/ n. Bot.  a plant growing inside a plant or animal 【植】内(寄)生植物

entourage /ˈɒntʊrɑ:ʒ, ɒntʊ(ə)ˈrɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a group of people attending or surrounding an important person 随从；随行人员，待从 2  surroundings 周围环境，周围的事物 [French, from entourer ‘surround’]

entr'acte /ˈɒntrækt/ n.  1  an interval between two acts of a play 幕间休息 2  a piece of music or a dance performed during this 幕间插演的音乐(或舞蹈) [French, from entre ‘between’ + acte ‘act’]

entrails /ˈentreilz/ n. pl.  1  the intestines of a person or animal (人或动物的)内脏，肠 2  the innermost parts 内核，内部  entrails of the earth  地球的内部构造 [Middle English via Old French entrailles and medieval Latin intralia alteration of Latin interaneus ‘internal’, from inter ‘among’]

entrain1 /inˈtrein, en-/ v. intr. & tr.  go or put on board a train 乘火车；使乘火车

entrain2 /inˈtrein, en-/ v. tr.  1 (of a fluid) carry (particles etc.) along in its flow (指流体)带走，夹带(微粒等) 2  drag along 拖，拉，拖曳 □ entrainment  n.   [French entraîner (as EN-1, traîner ‘drag’, formed as TRAIN)]

entrain3 /ɒ˜ˈtrɒ˜, 法 ɑ˜trɛ˜/ n.  enthusiasm, animation 热情，有生气，活泼 [French]

entrammel /inˈtræm(ə)l, en-/ v. tr. (entrammelled, entrammelling; US [美] entrammeled, entrammeling)  entangle, hamper 使受约束，妨碍，限制

entrance1 /ˈentr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of going or coming in 进入，进来 2  a door, passage, etc., by which one enters 入口，进口 3  right of admission 进入权，进入许可 4  the coming of an actor on stage (演员)上台，上场，登场 5 Mus. 【音】  = ENTRY 8  6 (foll. by 后跟 into, upon)  entering into office etc. 上任，就职，就任 7 (in full 全称 entrance fee) esp. Brit.  a fee paid for admission to a society, club, exhibition, etc. [尤英]入会费；入场费，参观费 [Old French (as ENTER, -ANCE)]

entrance2 /inˈtrɑ:ns, en-/ v. tr.  1  enchant, delight 使着迷，使欣喜若狂 2  put into a trance 使神志恍惚 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  overwhelm with strong feeling 使狂喜，使沉浸于 □ entrancement  n.  □ entrancing  adj.  □ entrancingly  adv.  

entrant /ˈentr(ə)nt/ n.  a person who enters (esp. an examination, profession, etc.) 参加者，参试者；新职员，新成员 [French, pres. part. of entrer: see ENTER]

entrap /inˈtræp, en-/ v. tr. (entrapped, entrapping)  1  catch in or as in a trap 诱捕，使入陷阱，使入圈套 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into + verbal noun)  beguile or trick (a person) 诱骗，使(某人)上当 [Old French entraper (as EN-1, TRAP1)]

entrapment /inˈtræpm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of entrapping; the process of being entrapped 被诱陷，使入圈套 2 Law  inducement to commit a crime, esp. by the authorities to secure a prosecution 【法律】诱捕

entreat /inˈtri:t, en-/ v. tr.  1  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  ask (a person) earnestly 恳求，请求(某人)b  ask earnestly for (a thing) 乞求，恳请得到(某物) 2 archaic  treat; act towards (a person) [古义]对待，对付 □ entreatingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French entraiter (as EN-1, traiter TREAT)]

entreaty /inˈtri:ti, en-/ n. (pl. -ies)  an earnest request; a supplication 恳求，请求，乞求 [ENTREAT, after TREATY]

entrechat /ˈɑ:ntrəʃɑ:/ n.  a leap in ballet, with one or more crossings of the legs while in the air 安特雷沙(芭蕾舞跳跃动作，跳起后腿在空中多次交叉) [French, from Italian (capriola) intrecciata ‘complicated (caper) ’]

entrecôte /ˈɒntrəkəʊt/ n.  a boned steak cut off the sirloin (从牛腰部切下的)带骨牛肉 [French, from entre ‘between’ + côte ‘rib’]

entremets /ɒntrəˈmei, 法 ɑ˜trəmɛ/ n.  1  a sweet dish (西餐中)一道甜点 2  a light dish served between two courses 两道菜之间上的一道小菜 [French, from entre ‘between’ + mets ‘dish’]

entrench /inˈtren(t)ʃ, en-/ v. (also 亦作 intrench)  1  a tr.  establish firmly (in a defensible position, in office, etc.) 牢固建立(防守位置、职位等)，使处于稳固地位b (as 作 entrenched adj.) (of an attitude etc.) not easily modified (态度等)坚定的，难以改变的 2 tr.  surround (a post, army, town, etc.) with a trench as a fortification 四周用堑壕围住，挖壕沟围住(要塞、部队、城镇等) 3 tr.  apply extra safeguards to (rights etc. guaranteed by legislation) (采取额外措施来)保障；保卫(法律规定的权利) 4 intr.  entrench oneself 使自己处于稳固地位 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 upon)  encroach, trespass 蚕食，侵入 □ entrench oneself   adopt a well-defended position 使自己处于稳固地位□ entrenchment  n.  

entre nous /ɒntrə ˈnu:, 法 ɑ˜trə nu/ adv.  1  between you and me 只限你我之间；你知我知，不得外传 2  in private 私下地，秘密地 [French, = between ourselves]

entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜ:/ n.  1  a person who undertakes an enterprise or business, with the chance of profit or loss 企业家，实业家 2  a contractor acting as an intermediary 承包商，中间商 3  the person in effective control of a commercial undertaking 工商企业的主管 4  a person who organizes entertainments, esp. musical shows 主办人，演出经纪人(尤指音乐演出) □ entrepreneurial  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəl, -ˈnjʊəriəl/ adj.  □ entrepreneurialism  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəliz(ə)m, -ˈnjʊəriəliz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 entrepreneurism)  □ entrepreneurially  /-ˈn(j)ɜ:riəli, -ˈnjʊəriəli/ adv.  □ entrepreneurship  n.   [French, from entreprendre undertake: see ENTERPRISE]

entrepôt /ˈɒntrəpəʊ/ n.  1  a warehouse for temporary storage of goods in transit 临时仓库，堆栈 2  a commercial centre for import and export, and for collection and distribution (进出口)贸易中心，货物集散地 [French from entreposer ‘to store’, from entre- INTER- + poser ‘place’]

entresol /ˈɒntrəsɒl/ n.  a low storey between the first and the ground floor; a mezzanine floor (一层与二层之间的)夹层楼面，半楼 [French, from entre ‘between’ + sol ‘ground’]

entrism var.  of ENTRYISM  ENTRYISM 的变体

entropy /ˈentrəpi/ n.  1 Physics  a measure of the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, in some contexts interpreted as a measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in the system 【物理学】熵 2  a measure of the rate of transfer of information in a message etc. 信息传送率，平均信息量 □ entropic  /-ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  □ entropically  /-ˈtrɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [German Entropie (as EN-2, Greek tropē ‘transformation’)]

entrust /inˈtrʌst, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 intrust)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  give responsibility for (a person or a thing) to a person in whom one has confidence (将人与物)委托，交托(给信任的人) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  assign responsibility for a thing to (a person) 委托管理，委托(某人)做 □ entrustment  n.  

entry /ˈentri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the act or an instance of going or coming in 进入，进来b  the coming of an actor on stage 上场，入场c  ceremonial entrance 入场(或入城等)仪式 2  liberty to go or come in 进入权 3  a  a place of entrance; a door, gate, etc. 入口，大门b Brit.  a lobby [英]大厅，门厅 4 Brit.  a passage between buildings [英]建筑物间的通道 5  the mouth of a river 河口 6  a  an item entered in a diary, list, account book, etc. (日记、表格、账簿中的)项目，内容b  the recording of this (账簿、表格的)登录 7  a  a person or thing competing in a race, contest, etc. (竞赛中的)参赛者，参赛物(车、船、设计等)b  a list of competitors 参赛选手名单 8  the start or resumption of music for a particular instrument in an ensemble (合奏中某一乐器的)加入 9 Law  the act of taking possession 【法律】占有，侵占 10 Bridge 【桥牌】  a  an opportunity to transfer the lead to one's partner's hand 将出牌权转到搭档手中的时机b  a card providing this 可将出牌权转至搭档手中的牌，入手张 [Middle English from Old French entree, ultimately from Latin intrare ENTER]

entry form n.  an application form for a competition 竞赛申请表

entryism /ˈentriiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 entrism)  infiltration into a political organization to change or subvert its policies or objectives 打入内部(从内部改变政党的政治主张和目标等) □ entrist  n.  □ entryist  n.  

entry permit n.  an authorization to enter a particular country etc. 入境许可，准入证

entryphone /ˈentrifəʊn/ n. Brit. propr.  an intercom device at an entrance to a building by which callers may identify themselves to gain admission [英] [商标] (高楼入口处的)对讲电话(安装在大楼入口处，供来访者向被访者通报)

entrée /ˈɒntrei/ n.  1  a Brit.  a dish served between the fish and meat courses [英] (西餐中)在鱼与肉菜之间上的一道菜b esp. N. Amer.  the main dish of a meal [尤北美]主菜 2  the right or privilege of admission, esp. at Court 进入权，入场权，入场许可(尤指进入法庭) [French, = ENTRY]

entwine /inˈtwain, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 intwine)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with, about, round)  twine together (a thing with or round another) 缠绕，盘绕 2  interweave 交织，编织 □ entwinement  n.  

enucleate /iˈnju:klieit/ v. tr. Surgery  extract (a tumour etc.) 【外科】摘出，摘除(肿瘤等) □ enucleation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin enucleare (as E-, NUCLEUS)]

E-number /ˈi:ˌnʌmbə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a code number preceded by the letter E, denoting food additives according to EC directives (按欧共体要求)表示食品添加剂的 E 字头的代码 2 colloq.  a food additive [口]食品添加剂

enumerate /iˈnju:məreit/ v. tr.  1  specify (items); mention one by one 列举，枚举 2  count; establish the number of 数，点，计数 □ enumerable  adj.  □ enumeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ enumerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin enumerare (as E-, NUMBER)]

enumerator /iˈnju:məreitə/ n.  1  a person who enumerates 计数者，计数员 2  a person employed in census-taking 人口普查员

enunciate /iˈnʌnsieit/ v. tr.  1  pronounce (words) clearly 清晰地发音(念字) 2  express (a proposition or theory) in definite terms 阐明，阐述 3  proclaim 宣布，声明 □ enunciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ enunciative  /-siətiv/ adj.  □ enunciator  n.   [Latin enuntiare (as E-, nuntiare ‘announce’ from nuntius ‘messenger’)]

enure /iˈnjʊə/ v. intr. Law 【法律】  = INURE 2  [variant of INURE]

enuresis /enjʊəˈri:sis/ n. Med.  involuntary urination 【医】遗尿 □ enuretic  /-ˈretik/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin, from Greek enoureō ‘urinate in’ (as EN-2, ouron ‘urine’)]

envelop /inˈveləp, en-/ v. tr. (enveloped, enveloping)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  a  wrap up or cover completely 包起来，裹起来；封装b  make obscure; conceal 藏匿，隐藏  was enveloped in mystery  被包裹在神秘中 2 Mil.  completely surround (an enemy) 【军】团团围住，完全包围，合围 □ envelopment  n.   [Middle English from Old French envoluper (as EN-1, origin of second element unknown: cf. DEVELOP)]

envelope /ˈenvələʊp, ˈɒn-/ n.  1  a folded paper container, usu. with a sealable flap, for a letter etc. 信封 2  a wrapper or covering 封套，封皮，外套，包封 3  the structure within a balloon or airship containing the gas (热气球、飞艇的)气囊 4  the outer metal or glass housing of a vacuum tube, electric light, etc. (真空管、电灯等的玻璃或金属)外壳，外罩 5 Electr.  a curve joining the successive peaks of a modulated wave 【电】(调制波的)包络 6 Bot.  an enveloping structure, esp. the calyx or corolla (or both) 【植】包被(尤指花萼或花冠或两者之合称) 7 Math.  a line or curve tangent to each line or curve of a given family 【数】包络线；包络面 [French enveloppe (as ENVELOP)]

envenom /inˈvenəm, en-/ v. tr.  1  put poison on or into; make poisonous 下毒，使有毒 2  infuse venom or bitterness into (feelings, words, or actions) 使生恶意，毒化；使仇恨 [Middle English from Old French envenimer (as EN-1, venim VENOM)]

enviable /ˈenviəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a person or thing) exciting or likely to excite envy 令人羡慕的，让人嫉妒的 □ enviably  adv.  

envious /ˈenviəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  feeling or showing envy 妒忌的，羡慕的 □ enviously  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French envious, Old French envieus, from envie ENVY]

environ /inˈvairən, en-/ v. tr.  encircle, surround (esp. hostilely or protectively) 包围，围住(尤指敌意地或保护性地围住) [Middle English via Old French environer from environ ‘surroundings’, from en ‘in’ + viron ‘circuit’ from virer ‘turn, VEER1’]

environment /inˈvairənm(ə)nt, en-/ n.  1  the physical surroundings, conditions, circumstances, etc., in which a person lives 环境，周边环境，居住环境  poor home environment  居住环境很差 2  the area surrounding a place 周边，四周，周围 3  a  external conditions as affecting plant and animal life (植物和动物的)生存环境b (作 the environment)  the totality of the physical conditions on the earth or a part of it, esp. as affected by human activity (尤指受人的活动影响的)生态环境 4 Computing  the overall structure within which a user, computer, or program operates 【计算】运行环境 5  a structure designed to be experienced from inside as a work of art 环境艺术作品(一种通过在其中体验而完成艺术欣赏过程的艺术设计理念) □ environmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ environmentally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.  

environmentalist /inˌvairənˈment(ə)list, en-/ n.  1  a person who is concerned with or advocates the protection of the environment 关心环保的人士，环保论者 2  a person who considers that environment has the primary influence on the development of a person or group 环境影响论的支持者 □ environmentalism  n.  

environment-friendly adj.  not harmful to the environment 对环境无害的，对环境友好的

environs /inˈvairənz, en-, ˈenvirənz/ n. pl.  a surrounding district, esp. round an urban area 市郊，郊外，郊区

envisage /inˈvizidʒ, en-/ v. tr.  1  have a mental picture of (a thing or conditions not yet existing) 想像；幻想 2  contemplate or conceive, esp. as a possibility or desirable future event 设想，拟想 3 archaic [古义]  a  face (danger, facts, etc.) 面对(危险、事实等)b  look in the face of 直视，正视 □ envisagement  n.   [French envisager (as EN-1, VISAGE)]

envision /enˈviʒ(ə)n/ v. tr.  envisage, visualize 想像，展望

envoi /ˈenvɔi/ n. (also 亦作 envoy)  1  a short stanza concluding a ballade etc. 短的结尾诗节 2 archaic  an author's concluding words [古义]跋，后记 [Middle English from Old French envoi, from envoyer (as ENVOY1)]

envoy1 /ˈenvɔi/ n.  1  a messenger or representative, esp. on a diplomatic mission (尤指外交)信使，特使 2 (in full 全称 envoy extraordinary)  a minister plenipotentiary, ranking below ambassador and above chargé d'affaires 特命全权公使(级别在大使和参赞之间) □ envoyship  n.   [French envoyé, past part. of envoyer ‘send’, from en voie ‘on the way’, from Latin via]

envoy2 var.  of ENVOI  ENVOI 的变体

envy /ˈenvi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by another's better fortune etc. 嫉妒(心) 2  the object or ground of this feeling 引人嫉妒的事物或原由  their house is the envy of the neighbourhood  他家的房子引起了邻居们的嫉妒 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  feel envy of (a person, circumstances, etc.) (对人或环境、条件等的)羡慕，嫉妒  I envy you your position  我羡慕你的地位 □ envier  n.   [Middle English via Old French envie from Latin invidia, from invidēre ‘envy’ (as IN-1, vidēre ‘see’)]

enweave var.  of INWEAVE  INWEAVE 的变体

enwrap /inˈræp, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inwrap) (-wrapped, -wrapping) (often foll. by 常后跟 in) literary  wrap or enfold [文学用语]包裹，围裹；折叠

enwreathe /inˈri:ð, en-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 inwreathe) literary  surround with or as with a wreath [文学用语]用花圈围绕，饰…以花环

Enzed /enˈzed/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq. a popular written form of [澳新口]通俗书面语 :  1  New Zealand 新西兰 2  a New Zealander 新西兰人 □ Enzedder  n.   [pronunciation of NZ]

enzootic /enzəʊˈɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a disease) regularly affecting animals in a particular district or at a particular season (cf. 参见 ENDEMIC, EPIZOOTIC) (指动物疾病)地方性的；时疫的 ●n.  an enzootic disease (动物的)地方病；时疫 [Greek en ‘in’ + zōion ‘animal’]

enzyme /ˈenzaim/ n. Biochem.  a protein acting as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction 【生化】酶 □ enzymatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ enzymic  /-ˈzaimik/ adj.  □ enzymology  /-ˈmɒlədʒi/ n.   [German Enzym from medieval Greek enzumos ‘leavened’, from Greek en ‘in’ + zumē ‘leaven’]

EOC abbr.  Equal Opportunities Commission [缩略]机会均等委员会

Eocene /ˈi:ə(ʊ)si:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the second epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence of an abundance of mammals including horses, bats, and whales 始新系的，始新世的 ●n.  this epoch or system 始新世，始新系 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + kainos ‘new’]

E. & O. E. abbr.  errors and omissions excepted [缩略]错漏不在此限

eolian US var.  of AEOLIAN AEOLIAN 的变体

eolith /ˈi:ə(ʊ)liθ/ n. Archaeol.  any of various roughly chipped flints found in Tertiary strata and originally thought to be early artefacts 【考古】(原)始石器 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + lithos ‘stone’]

eolithic /i:ə(ʊ)ˈliθik/ adj. Archaeol.  of the period preceding the palaeolithic age, thought to include the earliest use of flint tools 【考古】(原)始石器时代的 [French éolithique (as EOLITH)]

eon var.  of AEON  AEON 的变体

eosin /ˈi:ə(ʊ)sin/ n.  a red fluorescent dye used esp. as a stain in optical microscopy 曙红(一种红色荧光染料)；(尤指用于光学显微镜观察的)染色剂 [Greek ēōs ‘dawn’ + -IN]

eosinophil /i:ə(ʊ)ˈsinəfil/ n.  a white blood cell containing granules readily stained by eosin 嗜曙红(粒)细胞

-eous /iəs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘of the nature of’ (erroneous 错误的 ; gaseous 气体的) 构成形容词，表示“…性质的”，“…属性的”

EP abbr. [缩略]  1  electroplate  2 (esp. of a gramophone record) extended-play (尤指唱片)慢速的，密纹的 3  extreme pressure (used in grading lubricants) 超高压力(用于润滑剂的分级)

Ep. abbr. [缩略]  Epistle 

e.p. abbr. Chess [缩略]【棋类】  en passant 

ep- /ep, ip, i:p/ prefix  form of EPI- before a vowel or h (用于元音或 h 音前)前缀 EPI- 的变形

EPA abbr. (in the US) Environmental Protection Agency [缩略] (美)环境保护局

epact /ˈi:pækt/ n.  the number of days by which the solar year exceeds the lunar year 闰余(阳历一年超过阴历一年的天数，约为 11 日) [French épacte via Late Latin epactae from Greek epaktai (hēmerai) ‘intercalated (days)’, from epagō ‘intercalate’ (as EPI-, agō ‘bring’)]

eparch /ˈepɑ:k/ n.  the chief bishop of an eparchy (东正教)大主教 [Greek eparkhos (as EPI-, arkhos ‘ruler’)]

eparchy /ˈepɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a province of the Orthodox Church (东正教)主教管区 [Greek eparkhia (as EPARCH)]

epaulette /ˈepəlet, -pɔ:l-, epəˈlet/ n. (US [美] epaulet)  an ornamental shoulder-piece on a coat, dress, etc., esp. on a uniform 肩章，肩饰；肩章形饰物(尤指制服或军服上的) [French épaulette, diminutive of épaule ‘shoulder’, from Latin spatula: see SPATULA]

epeirogenesis /iˌpairə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 epeirogeny /-ˈrɒdʒəni/) Geol.  the regional uplift of extensive areas of the earth's crust 【地质】造陆运动 □ epeirogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek ēpeiros ‘mainland’ + GENESIS, -GENY]

epenthesis /eˈpenθisis/ n. (pl. epentheses /-si:z/)  the insertion of a letter or sound within a word, e.g. b in thimble 插音，增音(如 thimble 中的 b) □ epenthetic  /epenˈθetik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek, from epentithēmi ‘insert’ (as EPI- + EN-2 + tithēmi ‘place’)]

epergne /iˈpɜ:n/ n.  an ornament (esp. in branched form) for the centre of a dinner-table, holding flowers or fruit (餐桌中央放水果或鲜花用的)饰架(尤指分叉的) [18th c.: perhaps a corruption of French épargne ‘saving, economy’, in the phrase taille or gravure d'épargne, metal or etching in which parts are ‘spared’, i.e. left in relief]

epexegesis /eˌpeksiˈdʒi:sis/ n. (pl. epexegeses /-si:z/)  1  the addition of words to clarify meaning (e.g. to do in difficult to do) (为解释说明而做的)增词，补说(语) (例如 difficult to do 中的 to do) 2  the words added 增补的词语 □ epexegetic  /-ˈdʒetik/ adj.  □ epexegetical  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epexegetically  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek epexēgēsis (as EPI-, EXEGESIS)]

Eph. abbr. [缩略]  Ephesians (New Testament) 

ephebe /eˈfi:b, i-, ˈefi:b/ n. Gk Hist.  a young man of 18 － 20 undergoing military training [希]【史】青丁(年轻的男公民，特指 18 至 20 岁接受军事训练的男子) □ ephebic  /eˈfi:bik, i-/ adj.   [Latin ephebus from Greek ephēbos (as EPI-, hēbē ‘early manhood’)]

ephedra /eˈfedrə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Ephedra, with trailing stems and scalelike leaves 麻黄属植物 [modern Latin from Greek ephedra ‘sitting upon’]

ephedrine /ˈefədri:n/ n.  an alkaloid drug found in some ephedras, causing constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages, and used to relieve asthma etc. 麻黄碱 [EPHEDRA + -INE4]

ephemera1 /iˈfem(ə)rə, -ˈfi:m-, e-/ n. (pl. ephemeras or ephemerae /-ri:/)  1  a  an insect living only a day or a few days 蜉蝣(生命短促的昆虫)b  any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, e.g. the mayfly 蜉蝣类昆虫 2  = EPHEMERON 1  [modern Latin from Greek ephēmeros ‘lasting only a day’ (as EPI-, hēmera ‘day’)]

ephemera2 pl.  of EPHEMERON  1 

ephemeral /iˈfem(ə)r(ə)l, -ˈfi:m-/ adj.  1  lasting or of use for only a short time; transitory 短命的；效用很短的；短暂的 2  lasting only a day 朝生暮死的，只存活一日的；使用一天的 3 (of an insect, flower, etc.) lasting a day or a few days (花、昆虫等)只能生存一日或数日的 □ ephemerality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ ephemerally  adv.  □ ephemeralness  n.   [Greek ephēmeros: see EPHEMERA1]

ephemeris /iˈfem(ə)ris, -ˈfi:m-/ n. (pl. ephemerides /efiˈmeridi:z/) Astron. 【天】  1  a table of the predicted positions of a celestial body 星历表，天体位置表 2  a book of such tables, an almanac 带星历表的历书 [Latin from Greek ephēmeris ‘diary’ (as EPHEMERAL)]

ephemerist /iˈfem(ə)rist, -ˈfi:m-, e-/ n.  a collector of ephemera 收集易逝物的人

ephemeris time n.  time on a scale defined by the orbital period rather than the axial rotation of the earth 星历时，历书时

ephemeron /iˈfem(ə)rɒn, -ˈfi:m-/ n.  1 (pl. ephemera /-rə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a thing (esp. a printed item) of short-lived interest or usefulness (尤指)很快就过时的印刷品，很快就无用的事物b  a short-lived thing 短命物，易逝物 2 (pl. ephemerons)  = EPHEMERA1 1  [as EPHEMERA1]

ephod /ˈi:fɒd, ˈefɒd/ n.  a Jewish priestly vestment 以弗得(犹太教大祭司穿的法衣) [Middle English from Hebrew 'ēpôd]

ephor /ˈefɔ:/ n. Gk Hist.  each of five senior magistrates in ancient Sparta [希]【史】掌政官(古斯巴达 5 位最高级政务官之一) □ ephorate  n.   [Greek ephoros ‘overseer’ (as EPI-, horaō ‘see’)]

epi- /ˈepi/ prefix (usu. ep- before a vowel or h 通常在元音或 h 音前作 ep-)  1  upon (epicycle 本轮) 在…之上 2  above (epicotyl 上胚轴) 在…之上方 3  in addition (epiphenomenon 附带现象) 附加 [Greek epi (prep.)]

epiblast /ˈepiblæst/ n. Biol.  the outermost layer of a gastrula etc.; the ectoderm 【生】外胚层 [EPI- + -BLAST]

epic /ˈepik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a long poem narrating the adventures or deeds of one or more heroic or legendary figures, e.g. the Iliad, Paradise Lost (有关英雄或传奇人物的)史诗，叙事诗(如荷马的《伊利亚德》，弥尔顿的《失乐园》等) 2  an imaginative work of any form, embodying a nation's conception of its past history (一国的)古代传说 3  a book or film based on an epic narrative or heroic in type or scale 按史诗内容而制作的电影；按史诗撰写的书籍；史诗般的小说或影片 4  a subject fit for recital in an epic 适合撰写史诗、叙事诗的题材 ●adj.  1  of or like an epic 史诗(般)的 2  grand, heroic 伟大的，宏伟的，英雄的 □ epical  adj.  □ epically  adv.   [Latin epicus from Greek epikos, from epos ‘word, song’]

epicarp /ˈepikɑ:p/ n. Bot.  the outermost layer of the pericarp 【植】外果皮 [EPI- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

epicedium /epiˈsi:diəm/ n. (pl. epicedia /-diə/)  a funeral ode 哀歌，挽歌 □ epicedian  adj.   [Latin from Greek epikēdeion (as EPI-, kēdos ‘care’)]

epicene /ˈepisi:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Gram.  denoting either sex without change of gender 【语法】通性的，两性通用的 2  of, for, or used by both sexes 两性的，不分性别的，通性的 3  having characteristics of both sexes 阴阳共存的，同时有两性特征的 4  having no characteristics of either sex 无性的，无性别特征的 5  effete, effeminate 衰老的，柔弱的 ●n.  an epicene person 阴阳人，兼具两性特征的人 [Middle English via Late Latin epicoenus from Greek epikoinos (as EPI-, koinos ‘common’)]

epicentre /ˈepisentə/ n. (US [美] epicenter)  1 Geol.  the point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface 【地质】震中，地震中心，震源 2  the central point of a difficulty 问题的核心，难点 □ epicentral  /-ˈsentr(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek epikentros (adj.) (as EPI-, CENTRE)]

epicontinental /ˌepikɒntiˈnent(ə)l/ adj. (of the sea) over the continental shelf (指海洋)陆缘的

epicotyl /epiˈkɒtil/ n. Bot.  the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon(s) 【植】上胚轴

epicure /ˈepikjʊə/ n.  a person with refined tastes, esp. in food and drink (尤指在饮食方面)讲究的人，美食家 □ epicurism  n.   [medieval Latin epicurus ‘one preferring sensual enjoyment’: see EPICUREAN]

Epicurean /ˌepikjʊ(ə)ˈri:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (d. 270 BC), who taught that the highest good is personal happiness 伊壁鸠鲁的门徒，信奉伊壁鸠鲁享乐主义哲学的人 2 (作 epicurean)  a person devoted to (esp. sensual) enjoyment 享乐主义者 ●adj.  1  of or concerning Epicurus or his ideas 享乐主义的，伊壁鸠鲁的 2 (作 epicurean)  characteristic of an epicurean 享乐主义者的 □ Epicureanism  n.   [French épicurien or Latin epicureus from Greek epikoureios, from Epikouros ‘Epicurus’]

epicycle /ˈepisaik(ə)l/ n.  1 Geom.  a small circle whose centre moves round the circumference of a larger one 【几】周转圆(圆心沿大圆圆周移动的圆) 2 hist.  any such circle used to describe planetary orbits in the Ptolemaic system [史义]本轮(托勒密天动学说中用来描述行星轨道的圆) □ epicyclic  /-ˈsaiklik, -ˈsiklik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French or Late Latin epicyclus from Greek epikuklos (as EPI-, kuklos ‘circle’)]

epicycloid /epiˈsaiklɔid/ n. Math.  a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling on the exterior of another circle 【数】外摆线 □ epicycloidal  /-ˈklɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

epideictic /epiˈdaiktik/ adj.  meant for effect or display, esp. in speaking 炫耀的，表现的(尤指在讲话中) [Greek epideiktikos (as EPI-, deiknumi ‘show’)]

epidemic /epiˈdemik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a widespread occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time 疾病传播，疾病流行 2  such a disease 流行病，时疫，瘟疫 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a wide prevalence of something usu. undesirable 广泛流传的事物，盛行的事物(通常为不好的) ●adj.  in the nature of an epidemic (cf. 参见 ENDEMIC) 流行(病)的 □ epidemically  adv.   [French épidémique from épidémie, via Late Latin epidemia from Greek epidēmia ‘prevalence of disease’, from epidēmios (adj.) (as EPI-, dēmos ‘the people’)]

epidemiology /ˌepidi:miˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases and of other factors relating to health 流行病学 □ epidemiological  /-miəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epidemiologist  n.  

epidermis /epiˈdɜ:mis/ n.  1  the outer cellular layer of the skin 表皮，上皮 2 Bot.  the outer layer of cells of leaves, stems, roots, etc. 【植】(叶、茎、根等的)表皮 □ epidermal  adj.  □ epidermic  adj.  □ epidermoid  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek, formed as EPI- + derma ‘skin’]

epidiascope /epiˈdaiəskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector capable of giving images of both opaque and transparent objects 透反射两用幻灯机，实物幻灯机 [EPI- + DIA- + -SCOPE]

epididymis /epiˈdidimis/ n. (pl. epididymides /-diˈdimidi:z/) Anat.  a convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens 【解】附睾，副睾 [Greek epididumis (as EPI-, didumoi ‘testicles’)]

epidural /epiˈdjʊər(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Anat.  on or around the dura mater 【解】硬脑(脊)膜外的 2 (of an anaesthetic) introduced into the space around the dura mater of the spinal cord (指麻醉)由硬脊膜外导入的 ●n.  an epidural anaesthetic, used esp. in childbirth to produce loss of sensation below the waist 硬膜外麻醉，(尤指)在妇女生产时对腰以下实施的麻醉 [EPI- + DURA MATER]

epifauna /ˈepifɔ:nə/ n. Zool.  the animal life which lives on the surface of the seabed, a river bed, etc., or attached to submerged objects or to aquatic animals or plants (cf. 参见 INFAUNA) 【动】底上动物(生活在海底，河底或附着在半水下物体或海洋动植物身上的生物) □ epifaunal  adj.   [Danish (as EPI-, FAUNA)]

epigastrium /epiˈɡæstriəm/ n. (pl. epigastria /-riə/) Anat.  the part of the abdomen immediately over the stomach 【解】上腹部 □ epigastric  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek epigastrion (neut. adj.) (as EPI-, gastēr ‘belly’)]

epigeal /epiˈdʒi:əl/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  having one or more cotyledons above the ground 贴地生长的 2  growing above the ground 地上生长的 [Greek epigeios (as EPI-, gē ‘earth’)]

epigene /ˈepidʒi:n/ adj. Geol.  produced on the surface of the earth 【地质】外成的，表成的，在地表形成的 [French épigène from Greek epigenēs (as EPI-, genēs ‘born’)]

epigenesis /epiˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the theory (now generally held) that the embryo develops from an undifferentiated egg cell 【生】后生说，渐成说(认为生物胚胎在发育初期没有多大区别，生物差异是在发育中逐渐显现的) [EPI- + GENESIS]

epigenetic /ˌepidʒiˈnetik/ adj.  1 Biol. 【生】  a  relating to epigenesis 渐成说的，后生说的b  due to external not genetic influences 由外部影响引起的，非基因影响引起的 2 Geol.  formed later than the surrounding rock 【地质】外成的，后成的

epiglottis /epiˈɡlɒtis/ n. Anat.  a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the windpipe 【解】会厌 □ epiglottal  adj.  □ epiglottic  adj.   [Greek epiglōttis (as EPI-, glōtta ‘tongue’)]

epigone /ˈepiɡəʊn/ n. (pl. epigones or epigoni /iˈpiɡənai, e-/)  a member of a later (and less distinguished) generation 后继者，追随者 [pl. from French épigones via Latin epigoni from Greek epigonoi ‘those born afterwards’ (as EPI-, root of gignomai ‘be born’)]

epigram /ˈepiɡræm/ n.  1  a short witty poem 诙谐短诗，讽刺短诗 2  a  a saying or maxim, esp. a proverbial one 格言，警句，(尤指)谚语式短句b  a pointed remark or expression, esp. a witty one 刺人的话语，(尤指)讽刺性的诙谐话语 3  the use of concise witty remarks 使用精辟机敏的话语 □ epigrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ epigrammatically  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epigrammatist  /-ˈɡræmətist/ n.  □ epigrammatize  /-ˈɡræmətaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French épigramme or Latin epigramma from Greek epigramma -atos (as EPI-, -GRAM)]

epigraph /ˈepiɡrɑ:f/ n.  an inscription on a statue or coin, at the head of a chapter, etc. 铭文，碑文；题词；引文 [Greek epigraphē from epigraphō (as EPI-, graphō ‘write’)]

epigraphy /iˈpiɡrəfi, e-/ n.  the study of (esp. ancient) inscriptions 铭文学，碑文学(尤指对古铭文、古碑文的研究) □ epigraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ epigraphical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epigraphically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epigraphist  n.  

epilate /ˈepileit/ v. tr. Med.  remove hair by the roots from 【医】脱毛，拔毛，把毛连根除掉 □ epilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French épiler (as EX-1, Latin pilus ‘hair’) cf. DEPILATE]

epilepsy /ˈepilepsi/ n.  a neurological disorder marked by episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions 癫痫(症) [French épilepsie or Late Latin epilepsia from Greek epilēpsia, from epilambanō ‘attack’ (as EPI-, lambanō ‘take’)]

epileptic /epiˈleptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to epilepsy 癫痫(症)的，癫痫性的 ●n.  a person with epilepsy 癫痫病人，癫痫患者 [French épileptique via Late Latin epilepticus from Greek epilēptikos (as EPILEPSY)]

epilimnion /epiˈlimniən/ n. (pl. epilimnia /-niə/)  the upper layer of water in a stratified lake (分层湖泊的)表水层 [EPI- + Greek limnion, diminutive of limnē ‘lake’]

epilogist /iˈpilədʒist, e-/ n.  the writer or speaker of an epilogue 跋(或后记)的作者；收场白的演讲者

epilogue /ˈepilɒɡ/ n. (also US [亦美] epilog)  1  a  the concluding part of a literary work (文学作品的)跋，结束语；后记b  an appendix 附录 2  a speech or short poem addressed to the audience by an actor at the end of a play 剧尾的收场白 3 Brit.  a short piece at the end of a day's broadcasting (cf. 参见 PROLOGUE n. 1a) [英] (一天广播结束时播放的)结束语，结尾部分，尾声 [Middle English via French épilogue and Latin epilogus from Greek epilogos (as EPI-, logos ‘speech’)]

epimer /ˈepimə/ n. Chem.  either of two isomers with different configurations of atoms about one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present 【化】差向异构体 □ epimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ epimerism  /iˈpim-, e-/ n.   [German (as EPI-, -MER)]

epimerize /iˈpiməraiz, e-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Chem.  convert from one epimeric form into the other 【化】(差向异构体的)转化

epinasty /ˈepinæsti/ n. Bot.  a tendency in plant organs to grow more rapidly on the upper side 【植】(生长中的)偏上性，向上性 [EPI- + Greek nastos ‘pressed’]

epinephrine /epiˈnefrin, -ri:n/ n. Biochem. 【生化】  = ADRENALIN  [Greek epi ‘upon’ + nephros ‘kidney’]

epiphany /iˈpif(ə)ni, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (作 Epiphany)  a  the manifestation of Christ to the Magi according to the biblical account (圣经中传说的)耶稣在东方三博士之前的显现b  the festival commemorating this on 6 January 显现节，主显节(每年 1 月 6 日) 2  any manifestation of a god or demigod (神或半神的)显现，显灵 □ epiphanic  /epiˈfænik/ adj.   [Middle English from Greek epiphaneia ‘manifestation’, from epiphainō ‘reveal’ (as EPI-, phainō ‘show’): sense 1 via Old French epiphanie and ecclesiastical Latin epiphania]

epiphenomenon /ˌepifəˈnɒminən/ n. (pl. epiphenomena /-nə/) a secondary effect or by-product which arises from but does not causally influence a process, esp. 副现象，副产物，(尤指):  1 Med.  a secondary symptom, occurring simultaneously with a disease etc. but not directly related to it 【医】副现象，伴随症候(与原疾病无直接关系) 2  consciousness regarded as a by-product of brain activity (大脑活动的)副现象 □ epiphenomenal  adj.  

epiphysis /iˈpifisis, e-/ n. (pl. epiphyses /-si:z/) Anat. 【解】  1  the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft 骺(长骨的端部) 2  = PINEAL BODY  [modern Latin from Greek epiphusis (as EPI-, phusis ‘growth’)]

epiphyte /ˈepifait/ n.  a plant growing on another but not parasitic, e.g. a moss on a tree trunk 附生植物(如生长在树上的苔藓) □ epiphytal  /-ˈfait(ə)l/ adj.  □ epiphytic  /epiˈfitik/ adj.   [EPI- + Greek phuton ‘plant’]

episcopacy /iˈpiskəpəsi, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  government of a Church by bishops 主教制度，主教统辖 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the bishops 主教

episcopal /iˈpiskəp(ə)l, e-/ adj.  1  of a bishop or bishops 主教(制)的 2 (of a Church) constituted on the principle of government by bishops (教会)由主教制产生的，由主教制组成的 □ episcopalism  n.  □ episcopally  adv.   [Middle English from French épiscopal or ecclesiastical Latin episcopalis, from episcopus BISHOP]

Episcopal Church n.  the Anglican Church in Scotland and the US, with elected bishops (苏格兰和美国的)圣公会(由选举的主教执掌)

episcopalian /iˌpiskəˈpeiliən, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or advocating government of a Church by bishops 圣公会的 2  of or belonging to an episcopal Church or (作 Episcopalian) the Episcopal Church 属主教制教会的，属圣公会的 ●n.  1  an adherent of episcopacy 主教制信仰者，主教制信徒 2 (作 Episcopalian)  a member of the Episcopal Church 圣公会教徒 □ episcopalianism  n.  

episcopate /iˈpiskəpət, e-/ n.  1  the office or tenure of a bishop 主教之职位(或任期) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the bishops collectively (统称)主教 [ecclesiastical Latin episcopatus from episcopus BISHOP]

episcope /ˈepiskəʊp/ n.  an optical projector giving images of opaque objects 反射幻灯机

episematic /ˌepisiˈmætik/ adj. Zool. (of coloration, markings, etc.) serving to help recognition by animals of the same species 【动】(颜色、花纹等)帮助同种动物互相辨识的，辨认的 [EPI- + Greek sēma sēmatos ‘sign’]

episiotomy /iˌpisiˈɒtəmi, e-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth, to aid delivery (助产)阴道侧切术，会阴切开术 [Greek epision ‘pubic region’]

episode /ˈepisəʊd/ n.  1  one event or a group of events as part of a sequence (一个系列中的)一段情节；一个(或一组)事件 2  each of the parts of a serial story or broadcast (系列故事或广播中的)段；章；节 3  an incident or set of incidents in a narrative (故事中的)事件(或一系列事件) 4  an incident that is distinct but contributes to a whole 突出的事情；影响全局的事  a romantic episode in her life  她生活中的一段浪漫情节 5 Mus.  a passage containing distinct material or introducing a new subject 【音】插曲，插句 6  the part between two choric songs in Greek tragedy (希腊悲剧中)两段合唱之间的部分 [Greek epeisodion (as EPI- + eisodos ‘entry’, from eis ‘into’ + hodos ‘way’)]

episodic /epiˈsɒdik/ adj. (also 亦作 episodical /-ˈsɒdik(ə)l/)  1  occurring as separate episodes 插曲式的，分成片断的 2  sporadic; occurring at irregular intervals 零星的，片断的；偶发的 □ episodically  adv.  

epistaxis /epiˈstæksis/ n. Med.  bleeding from the nose 【医】鼻衄，鼻出血 [modern Latin from Greek (as EPI-, stazō ‘drip’)]

epistemic /epiˈsti:mik, -ˈstem-/ adj. Philos.  relating to knowledge or to the degree of its validation 【哲】认知的 □ epistemically  adv.   [Greek epistēmē ‘knowledge’]

epistemology /iˌpistiˈmɒlədʒi, e-/ n.  the theory of knowledge, esp. with regard to its methods and validation 认知论，认识论(尤指有关其方法和准确性) □ epistemological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epistemologically  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ epistemologist  n.  

epistle /iˈpis(ə)l/ n.  1 formal or joc.  a letter, esp. a long one on a serious subject [正式] [诙]信件，长信(尤指有关严肃话题的) 2 (also 亦作 Epistle)  a  any of the letters of the Apostles in the New Testament (新约中)使徒写的信b  an extract from an Epistle read in a church service (教堂做弥撒等仪式时念诵的)使徒信件节录 3  a poem or other literary work in the form of a letter or series of letters (以信件形式写的)诗和其他文学作品 [Middle English via Old French and Latin epistola from Greek epistolē, from epistellō ‘send news’ (as EPI-, stellō ‘send’)]

epistolary /iˈpist(ə)l(ə)ri/ adj.  1  in the style or form of a letter or letters 书信(体)的，书信风格的，信件形式的 2  of, carried by, or suited to letters 信件的，用书信形式表达的，适合于书信的 [French épistolaire or Latin epistolaris (as EPISTLE)]

epistrophe /iˈpistrəfi, e-/ n.  the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses (在连续子句中)尾词重复 [Greek (as EPI-, strophē ‘turning’)]

epistyle /ˈepistail/ n. Archit. 【建】  = ARCHITRAVE  [French épistyle or Latin epistylium from Greek epistulion (as EPI-, stulos ‘pillar’)]

epitaph /ˈepitɑ:f, -tæf/ n.  words written in memory of a person who has died, esp. as a tomb inscription 纪念死者的短篇诗文 , (尤指)墓志铭 [Middle English via Old French epitaphe and Latin epitaphium from Greek epitaphion ‘funeral oration’ (as EPI-, taphos ‘tomb’)]

epitaxy /ˈepitæksi/ n. Crystallog.  the growth of crystals on a crystalline substrate that determines their orientation 【晶】(晶体)取向附生，外延附生 □ epitaxial  /-ˈtæksiəl/ adj.   [French épitaxie (as EPI-, Greek taxis ‘arrangement’)]

epithalamium /ˌepiθəˈleimiəm/ n. (pl. epithalamiums or epithalamia /-miə/)  a song or poem celebrating a marriage (婚礼)喜歌，颂诗 □ epithalamial  adj.  □ epithalamic  /-ˈlæmik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek epith alamion (as EPI-, thalamos ‘bridal chamber’)]

epithelium /epiˈθi:liəm/ n. (pl. epitheliums or epithelia /-liə/) Anat.  the tissue forming the outer layer of the body surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures 【解】上皮组织 □ epithelial  adj.   [modern Latin, from EPI- + Greek thēlē ‘teat’]

epithet /ˈepiθet/ n.  1  an adjective or other descriptive word expressing a quality or attribute, esp. used with or as a name (表述事物特征、性质的)表征词，称谓 2  such a word as a term of abuse 外号，浑名，绰号；侮辱性称谓 □ epithetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ epithetical  /-ˈθetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ epithetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.   [French épithète or Latin epitheton from Greek epitheton, from epitithēmi ‘add’ (as EPI-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

epitome /iˈpitəmi, e-/ n.  1  a person or thing embodying a quality, class, etc. 代表，典型；象征 2  a thing representing another in miniature 缩影 3  a summary of a written work; an abstract 摘要 □ epitomist  n.   [Latin from Greek epitomē, from epitemnō ‘abridge’ (as EPI-, temnō ‘cut’)]

epitomize /iˈpitəmaiz, e-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  be a perfect example of (a quality etc.); typify 为…的代表，为…的典型 2  make an epitome of (a work) 对(作品)进行缩写，摘要 □ epitomization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

epizoon /epiˈzəʊɒn/ n. (pl. epizoa /-ˈzəʊə/)  an animal living on another animal 体表寄生虫 [modern Latin (as EPI-, Greek zōion ‘animal’)]

epizootic /ˌepizəʊˈɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a disease) temporarily prevalent and widespread in an animal population (cf. 参见 ENZOOTIC) (指疾病)流行于畜群中的，家畜流行病的 ●n.  an outbreak of such a disease 畜疫爆发，家畜流行病的爆发 [French épizootique from épizootie (as EPIZOON)]

EPNS abbr.  electroplated nickel silver [缩略]电镀镍银

epoch /ˈi:pɒk/ n.  1  a period of history or of a person's life marked by notable events (有突出事件的)重要时期 2  the beginning of an era 新时代，新时期，新纪元 3 Geol.  a division of a period, corresponding to a set of strata 【地质】世 □ epochal  /ˈepɒk(ə)l, i:ˈpɒk-/ adj.   [modern Latin epocha from Greek epokhē ‘stoppage, fixed point of time’]

epoch-making adj.  remarkable, historic; of major importance 划时代的；有历史性意义的

epode /ˈepəʊd/ n.  1  a form of lyric poem written in couplets each of a long line followed by a shorter one 长短句相间的抒情诗体 2  the third section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it 古希腊抒情颂歌或其一章的第三节 [French épode or Latin epodos from Greek epōidos (as EPI-, ODE)]

eponym /ˈepənim/ n.  1  a person (real or imaginary) after whom a discovery, invention, place, institution, etc., is named or thought to be named 名祖(其名字用来为发现、发明、地名等冠名的人) 2  the name given (用来冠名的)人名 □ eponymous  /iˈpɒniməs, e-/ adj.   [Greek epōnumos (as EPI-, -ōnumos from onoma ‘name’)]

EPOS /ˈi:pɒs/ abbr.  electronic point-of-sale (of retail outlets recording information electronically) [缩略]电子售货终端设备(零售商店售货用的电子设备，如计价器、激光条码扫描仪等)

epoxide /iˈpɒksaid/ n. Chem.  a compound containing an oxygen atom bonded in a triangular arrangement to two carbon atoms 【化】环氧化合物 [EPI- + OXIDE]

epoxy /iˈpɒksi, e-/ adj. Chem.  relating to or derived from an epoxide 【化】环氧的，环氧化合物衍生的 [EPI- + OXY-2]

epoxy resin n.  a synthetic thermosetting resin containing epoxy groups 环氧树脂

EPROM /ˈi:prɒm/ n. Computing  a read-only memory whose contents can be erased and replaced by a special process 【计算】(电擦除)可编程只读存储器 [erasable programmable ROM]

eps abbr.  earnings per share [缩略]每股收益，每股所得

epsilon /ˈepsilɒn, epˈsailɒn/ n.  the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet (E, ε) 希腊字母表上的第 5 个字母 [Middle English from Greek, = bare or simple E, from psilos ‘bare’]

Epsom salts /ˈepsəm/ n. pl.  a preparation of magnesium sulphate used as a purgative etc. 泻(利)盐，(作泻药用的)含水硫酸镁 [Epsom, a town in Surrey, where it was first found occurring naturally]

EPSRC abbr. (in the UK) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [缩略] (英国)工程与物理研究会

Epstein-Barr virus /epstainˈbɑ:/ n.  a herpes virus causing glandular fever and associated with certain cancers, e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma EB 病毒，爱(泼斯坦)- 巴(尔)病毒(一种疱疹病毒，可引起腺体感染、发烧，与某些癌症，如淋巴瘤等有联系) [named after M.A. Epstein, British virologist b. 1921, and Y.M. Barr, Irish-born virologist b. 1932]

epyllion /iˈpiliən, e-/ n. (pl. epyllia /-liə/)  a miniature epic poem 小型史诗 [Greek epullion, diminutive of epos ‘word, song’]

equable /ˈekwəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  even; not varying 平稳的；较少变化的 2  uniform and moderate 稳定的；变化小的；平和的  an equable climate  稳定的气候 3 (of a person) not easily disturbed or angered (指人)温和的，不易受打扰的，较少生气的 □ equability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ equably  adv.   [Latin aequabilis (as EQUATE)]

equal /ˈi:kw(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  the same in quantity, quality, size, degree, rank, level, etc. (数量、质量、大小、程度、等级、水平等)相等的，同样的 2  evenly balanced 平衡的，均衡的；公平的  an equal contest  公平竞赛 3  having the same rights or status 平权的，地位平等的  human beings are essentially equal  人类在本质上是平等的 4  uniform in application or effect. (应用或效果)相同的，相当的；一致的，统一的 ●n.  a person or thing equal to another, esp. in rank, status, or characteristic quality 相匹敌的人(或物) (尤指在职位、身份、品质、特点等方面)  their treatment of the subject has no equal  他们对事情的处理堪称无人可比 is the equal of any man  可以和任何人匹敌 ●v. tr. (equalled, equalling; US [美] equaled, equaling)  1  be equal to in number, quality, etc. (数量或质量等方面)相等 2  achieve something that is equal to (an achievement) or to the achievement of (a person) (获得)等于或相当于(他人的成就) □ be equal to   have the ability or resources for 胜任；可应付 [Middle English from Latin aequalis, from aequus ‘even’]

equalitarian /iˌkwɒliˈtɛəriən, i:-/ n.  = EGALITARIAN  □ equalitarianism  n.   [EQUALITY, on the pattern of humanitarian etc.]

equality /iˈkwɒliti, i:-/ n.  the state of being equal 平等，相当，平等权 [Middle English via Old French equalité from Latin aequalitas -tatis (as EQUAL)]

equalize /ˈi:kwəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become equal 使平等，使均等 2 intr.  level the score in a match by scoring a goal etc. (比赛)扳平 □ equalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

equalizer /ˈi:kwəlaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  1  an equalizing score or goal etc. in a game (比赛)打平的一分(或进球) 2 slang  a weapon, esp. a gun [俚语]武器，(尤指)枪 3 Electr.  a connection in a system which compensates for any undesirable frequency or phase response with the system 【电】均压线，均衡器

equally /ˈi:kw(ə)li/ adv.  1  in an equal manner 平等地，均等地  treated them all equally  完全平等地对待他们 2  to an equal degree 同样地，相同地  is equally important  同样重要■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, construction with as (e.g. equally as important) is often found, but is considered incorrect by some people. 用于释义 2 时，常见后跟 as 的用法(如 equally as important 同样重要)，但有人认为这样的用法不正确。 

equal opportunity n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the opportunity or right to be employed, paid, etc., without discrimination on grounds of sex, race, etc. (就业、分配等方面的)平等机会，平等机遇(没有种族、性别等歧视的) often 常作 attrib.: equal opportunity (or opportunities) employer  对雇员无歧视的雇主

equal sign n. (also 亦作 equals sign)  the symbol = 等号 (=)

equal temperament  see 见 TEMPERAMENT 3 

equanimity /ekwəˈnimiti, i:-/ n.  mental composure, evenness of temper, esp. in misfortune 镇定，沉着(尤指在遭遇不幸时) □ equanimous  /iˈkwæniməs, i:-/ adj.   [Latin aequanimitas from aequanimis, from aequus ‘even’ + animus ‘mind’]

equate /iˈkweit/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  regard as equal or equivalent 视为平等，视为相等 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  be equal or equivalent to 与…平等，与…相等b  agree or correspond 符合，相当于 □ equatable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin aequare aequat-, from aequus ‘equal’]

equation /iˈkweiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of equating or making equal; the state of being equal (使)平等，相等，等同 2 Math.  a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =) 【数】(由“ = ”表示的)等式 3 Chem.  a formula representing a chemical reaction expressed in terms of the molecules etc. taking part. 【化】化学方程式，化学反应式 □ equation of the first order, second order, etc.   an equation involving only the first derivative, second derivative, etc. 只含第一衍生物，第二衍生物的方程式□ equational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French equation or Latin aequatio (as EQUATE)]

equator /iˈkweitə/ n.  1  an imaginary line around the earth or other body, equidistant from the poles 赤道 2 Astron. 【天】  = CELESTIAL EQUATOR  [Middle English from Old French equateur or medieval Latin aequator (as EQUATION)]

equatorial /ekwəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  of or near the equator 赤道的，近赤道的 □ equatorially  adv.  

Equatorial Guinea   赤道几内亚

Equatorial Guinean /ˌekwəˈtɔ:riəlˈginiən/ adj. & n.  赤道几内亚的(人)

equatorial mount n. (also 亦作 equatorial mounting) Astron.  a mount for an astronomical telescope that rotates about two perpendicular axes aligned with the celestial poles 【天】安放赤道仪的支架

equatorial telescope n.  an astronomical telescope on an equatorial mount 赤道仪

equerry /iˈkweri, ˈekwəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an officer of the British royal household attending members of the royal family (照看皇室家务的)侍卫官 2 hist.  an officer of a prince's or noble's household having charge over the horses [史义] (皇室的)掌马官 [earlier esquiry via Old French esquierie ‘company of squires, prince's stables’, from Old French esquier ESQUIRE: perhaps associated with Latin equus ‘horse’]

equestrian /iˈkwestriən, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to horses and horse-riding 马的；骑马的 2  on horseback 马背上的 ●n. (fem. equestrienne /-triˈen/)  a rider or performer on horseback 骑手，骑师 □ equestrianism  n.   [Latin equestris from eques ‘horseman, knight’, from equus ‘horse’]

equi- /ˈi:kwi, e-/ comb. form  equal [构词成分]平等的 [Latin aequi- from aequus ‘equal’]

equiangular /i:kwiˈæŋɡjʊlə, e-/ adj.  having equal angles 等角的

equidistant /i:kwiˈdist(ə)nt, e-/ adj.  at equal distances 等距的 □ equidistantly  adv.  

equilateral /i:kwiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l, e-/ adj.  having all its sides equal in length 等边的

equilibrate /i:kwiˈlaibreit, iˈkwili-, i:-/ v.  1 tr.  cause (two things) to balance 使(两物)平衡 2 intr.  be in equilibrium; balance 处于平衡(状态)，使均衡 □ equilibration  /-ˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ equilibrator  /iˈkwilibreitə, i:-/ n.   [Late Latin aequilibrare aequilibrat- (as EQUI-, libra ‘balance’)]

equilibrist /iˈkwilibrist, i:-; i:kwiˈlib-, e-/ n.  an acrobat, esp. on a high rope 杂技表演者(尤指高空走绳索者)

equilibrium /i:kwiˈlibriəm, e-/ n. (pl. equilibria /-riə/ or equilibriums)  1  a state of physical balance (身体)平衡 2  a state of mental or emotional equanimity (心情)平静，沉着 3  a state in which the energy in a system is evenly distributed and forces, influences, etc., balance each other (能量、力量、影响等)均衡 [Latin (as EQUI-, libra ‘balance’)]

equine /ˈi:kwain, ˈek-/ adj.  of or like a horse 像马的，马的 [Latin equinus from equus ‘horse’]

equinoctial /i:kwiˈnɒkʃ(ə)l, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  happening at or near the time of an equinox 二分点的(春分的，秋分的)  equinoctial gales  春分、秋分时常发生的风暴；二分点风暴 2  of or relating to equal day and night 昼夜平分的 3  at or near the (terrestrial) equator 在(地球)赤道上的；靠近(地球)赤道的 ●n. (in full 全称 equinoctial line)  = CELESTIAL EQUATOR  [Middle English from Old French equinoctial or Latin aequinoctialis (as EQUINOX)]

equinoctial point n.  the point at which the ecliptic cuts the celestial equator (twice each year at an equinox) 二分点(春分点，秋分点)

equinoctial year  see 见 YEAR 1 

equinox /ˈi:kwinɒks, e-/ n.  1  the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length (about 22 Sept. and 20 Mar.) 二分点(指春分和秋分，此时昼夜时间长短一样，大约是 3 月 20 日和 9 月 22 日左右) 2  = EQUINOCTIAL POINT  [Middle English from Old French equinoxe or medieval Latin equinoxium for Latin aequinoctium (as EQUI-, nox noctis ‘night’)]

equip /iˈkwip/ v. tr. (equipped, equipping)  supply with what is needed 装备，配备 □ equipper  n.   [French équiper, probably from Old Norse skipa ‘to man (a ship)’, from skip SHIP]

equipage /ˈekwipidʒ/ n.  1  a  requisites for an undertaking 必备品，必需品b  an outfit for a special purpose 专用装备，专门用具 2  a carriage and horses with attendants 装备齐全的马车，配备车夫的马车 [French équipage (as EQUIP)]

equipment /iˈkwipm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the necessary articles, clothing, etc., for a purpose 设备，设施，用具 2  the process of equipping or being equipped 装备…，配备… [French équipement (as EQUIP)]

equipoise /ˈekwipɔiz, i:-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  equilibrium; a balanced state 平衡，平衡状态 2  a counterbalancing thing 平衡物，平衡体 ●v. tr.  counterbalance 使平衡，使均衡

equipollent /i:kwiˈpɒl(ə)nt, e-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  equal in power, force, etc. 权力(或力量等)均衡的，势均力敌的，力量相当的 2  practically equivalent (实际上)相当的 ●n.  an equipollent thing 相当物，等同的事物 □ equipollence  n.  □ equipollency  n.   [Middle English via Old French equipolent from Latin aequipollens -entis ‘of equal value’ (as EQUI-, pollēre ‘be strong’)]

equipotential /ˌi:kwipəˈtenʃ(ə)l, ˌe-/ adj. & n. Physics 【物理学】  ●adj. (of a surface or line) having the potential of a force the same or constant at all its points (平面或线)等势的，等位的 ●n.  an equipotential line or surface 等位线，等位面

equiprobable /i:kwiˈprɒbəb(ə)l, e-/ adj. Logic  equally probable 【逻辑学】等或然性的 □ equiprobability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

equisetum /ekwiˈsi:təm/ n. (pl. equiseta /-tə/, -tums)  a horsetail (plant) 木贼；木贼属植物 [modern Latin, from Latin equus ‘horse’ + saeta ‘bristle’]

equitable /ˈekwitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  fair, just 公平的，公正的 2 Law  valid in equity as distinct from law 【法律】衡平法的，法律认定等效的 □ equitableness  n.  □ equitably  adv.   [French équitable (as EQUITY)]

equitation /ekwiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the art and practice of horsemanship and horse-riding 骑术，马术 [French équitation or Latin equitatio, from equitare ‘ride a horse’ via eques equitis ‘horseman’ from equus ‘horse’]

equity /ˈekwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  fairness 公平，平等 2  the application of general principles of justice to correct or supplement the law (框正或补充法律的)衡平法 3  a  the value of the shares issued by a company (某公司发行的)股票值b (in pl. 用复数)  stocks and shares not bearing fixed interest 浮动利率股票 4  the net value of a mortgaged property after the deduction of charges 扣除一切费用后抵押资产的净值 5 (作 Equity) (in the UK) the actors' trade union (英国)演员协会 [Middle English via Old French equité from Latin aequitas -tatis, from aequus ‘fair’]

equivalent /iˈkwiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  equal in value, amount, importance, etc. (价值、数量、重要性等)相同的 2  corresponding 相当的，对等的 3 (of words) having the same meaning (指词语)词义相当的，等义的 4  having the same result 等效的，(结果)相同的 5 Chem. (of a substance) equal in combining or displacing capacity 【化】(指物质)当量的 ●n.  1  an equivalent thing, amount, word, etc. (事、数量、词语等的)相等；等量，等义 2 (in full 全称 equivalent weight) Chem.  the weight of a substance that can combine with or displace one gram of hydrogen or eight grams of oxygen 【化】当量 □ equivalence  n.  □ equivalency  n.  □ equivalently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin aequivalēre (as EQUI-, valēre ‘be worth’)]

equivocal /iˈkwivək(ə)l/ adj.  1  of double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous (含义)模糊不清的；有歧义的，模棱两可的 2  of uncertain nature (性质)不明确的，不确定的；不清楚的 3 (of a person, character, etc.) questionable, suspect (人、品性等)可疑的，令人生疑的 □ equivocality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ equivocally  adv.  □ equivocalness  n.   [Late Latin aequivocus (as EQUI-, vocare ‘call’)]

equivocate /iˈkwivəkeit/ v. intr.  use ambiguity to conceal the truth 用歧义掩盖真相 □ equivocation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ equivocator  n.  □ equivocatory  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin aequivocare (as EQUIVOCAL)]

equivoque /ˈi:kwivəʊk, ˈe-/ n. (also 亦作 equivoke)  1  a pun; wordplay 双关语，隐语 2  ambiguity 歧义 [Middle English, in the sense ‘equivocal’, from Old French equivoque or Late Latin aequivocus EQUIVOCAL]

ER abbr. [缩略]  1  Queen Elizabeth 伊丽莎白女王 2  King Edward 爱德华国王 [Latin Elizabetha Regina, Edwardus Rex]

Er symb. Chem.  the element erbium [符]【化】(化学元素)铒

er /ɜ:, ə/ int.  expressing hesitation or a pause in speech 哦(说话中表示犹豫或停顿) [imitative]

-er1 /ə/ suffix forming nouns from nouns, adjectives, and many verbs, denoting 构成名词、形容词、动词，表示 :  1  a person, animal, or thing that performs a specified action or activity (cobbler 补鞋匠 ; lover 爱人 ; executioner 刽子手 ; poker 拨火棍 ; computer 计算机 ; eye-opener 有启发性的东西) 人，动物，器具 2  a person or thing that has a specified attribute or form (foreigner 外国人 ; four-wheeler 四轮出租马车 ; second-rater 二流人物) 具有某种特点的人或物 3  a person concerned with a specified thing or subject (hatter 帽商 ; geographer 地理学者) 与…有关的人 4  a person belonging to a specified place or group (villager 村民 ; New Zealander 新西兰人 ; sixth-former 六年级学生) 属于…的人 [originally ‘a person who has to do with’: Old English -ere, from Germanic]

-er2 /ə/ suffix  forming the comparative of adjectives  wider  较宽阔的 hotter  较热的 and adverbs  faster  较快 构成形容词比较级；构成副词比较级 [Old English -ra (adj.), -or (adv.), from Germanic]

-er3 /ə/ suffix  used in slang formations usu. distorting the root word (rugger 橄榄球 ; soccer 英式足球) 构成某些俚语，通常改变词根 [probably an extension of -ER1]

-er4 /ə/ suffix  forming frequentative verbs (blunder 跌跌撞撞 ; glimmer 模模糊糊 ; twitter 喋喋不休) 构成重复动词 [Old English -erian, -rian, from Germanic]

-er5 /ə/ suffix  1  forming nouns and adjectives through Old French or Anglo-French, corresponding to 构成由古法语或盎格鲁法语词汇派生的名词和形容词，相当于 :a  Latin -aris  sampler  检样员 (cf. 参见 -AR1) (拉丁文) -arisb  Latin -arius, -arium  butler  (管酒类的)男仆 carpenter  木匠 danger  危险 (拉丁文) -arius, -ariumc  Latin -atura (through Old French -eüre) or Latin -atorium (through Old French -eör) (see 见 COUNTER1, FRITTER2) (拉丁文) -atura or -atorium 2  = -OR1 

-er6 /ə/ suffix esp. Law  forming nouns denoting verbal action or a document effecting this (cesser 中止 ; disclaimer 弃权 ; misnomer 名实不符) (尤)【法律】构成表示动作行为的名词或影响该动作行为发生的法律文件 [Anglo-French infinitive ending of verbs]

era /ˈiərə/ n.  1  a system of chronology reckoning from a noteworthy event (从某一重要事件开始计算的)年代，时期  the Christian era  基督纪元 2  a large distinct period of time, esp. regarded historically 时代(尤指不同的历史时期)  the pre-Roman era  前罗马时代 3  a date at which an era begins (标志新时代开始的)重要日子 4 Geol.  a major division of time 【地质】代 [Late Latin aera ‘number expressed in figures’ (pl. of aes aeris ‘money’, treated as fem. sing.)]

eradicate /iˈrædikeit/ v. tr.  root out; destroy completely; get rid of 根除，彻底除掉 □ eradicable  adj.  □ eradication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eradicator  n.   [Middle English from Latin eradicare ‘tear up by the roots’ (as E-, radix -icis ‘root’)]

erase /iˈreiz/ v. tr.  1  rub out; obliterate 擦去，擦掉，抹去 2  remove all traces of 抹净，擦净  erased it from my memory  把它从我的记忆中抹去 3  remove recorded material from (a magnetic tape or medium) (从磁带上)擦去存贮的信息 □ erasable  adj.  □ erasure  n.   [Latin eradere eras- (as E-, radere ‘scrape’)]

eraser /iˈreizə/ n.  a thing that erases, esp. a piece of rubber or plastic used for removing pencil and ink marks 擦子，板擦，(尤指擦去笔迹的)橡皮

Erastian /iˈræstiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who supports the doctrine that the state should have supremacy over the Church in ecclesiastical matters 支持埃拉都斯学说的人(认为国家权利应高于教会) ●adj.  of or relating to this doctrine 埃拉都斯学说的 □ Erastianism  n.   [Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583), to whom the doctrine was wrongly attributed, + -IAN]

erbium /ˈɜ:biəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in apatite and xenotine (symbol 符 Er) 【化】(化学元素)铒 [modern Latin, from Ytterby in Sweden, where it was first found]

ere /ɛə/ prep. & conj. poet. or archaic  before (of time) [诗] [古义] (时间)在…之前  ere noon  正午之前 ere they come  他们来之前 [Old English œˉr, from Germanic]

erect /iˈrekt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  upright, vertical 直立的，竖起的，垂直的 2 (of the penis, clitoris, or nipples) enlarged and rigid, esp. in sexual excitement (阴茎、阴蒂、乳头等)勃起的(尤指在性兴奋期) 3 (of hair) bristling, standing up from the skin (毛发)直立，坚立 ●v. tr.  1  raise; set upright 抬起；竖起，直立 2  build 建立，建造 3  establish 建立；设立  erect a theory  创立一种理论 □ erectable  adj.  □ erectly  adv.  □ erectness  n.  □ erector  n.   [Middle English from Latin erigere erect- ‘set up’ (as E-, regere ‘direct’)]

erectile /iˈrektail/ adj.  that can be erected or become erect 可竖起的，可直立的；能勃起的 [French érectile (as ERECT)]

erection /iˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of erecting; the state of being erected 竖立，直立；设立，建立 2  a building or structure 建筑物或构架 3  a Physiol.  an enlarged and erect state of erectile tissue, esp. of the penis 【生理】勃起的器官组织，(尤指)阴茎b  an occurrence of this (阴茎)勃起 [French érection or Latin erectio (as ERECTILE)]

E-region var.  of E-LAYER  E-LAYER 的变体

eremite /ˈerimait/ n.  a hermit or recluse (esp. Christian) 隐士，遁世修行的人(尤指基督徒) □ eremitic  /-ˈmitik/ adj.  □ eremitical  /-ˈmitik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French, variant of hermite, ermite HERMIT]

erethism /ˈeriθiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an excessive sensitivity to stimulation of any part of the body, esp. the sexual organs (对身体某部位尤其性器官的刺激)格外敏感，过度敏感 2  a state of abnormal mental excitement or irritation (不正常的)兴奋增盛；恼火 [French éréthisme from Greek erethismos, from erethizō ‘irritate’]

erg1 /ɜ:ɡ/ n. Physics  a unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves one centimetre in the direction of action of the force 【物理学】尔格(功或能量单位) [Greek ergon ‘work’]

erg2 /ɜ:ɡ/ n. (pl. ergs or areg /ˈɑ:reɡ/)  an area of shifting sand dunes in the Sahara (撒哈拉大沙漠中有移动沙丘的)沙质沙漠 [French from Arabic irj]

ergative /ˈɜ:ɡətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n. (in some languages) a case of nouns that identifies the doer of an action as the object rather than the subject of a verb (某些语言中的)动者格，唯被动格 ●adj.  1  of or in this case 唯被动格的 2  denoting a language in which the object of a verb is typically the doer of an action and the subject is typically the recipient of the action 唯被动式语言的 [Greek ergates ‘worker’ + -IVE]

ergo /ˈɜ:ɡəʊ/ adv.  therefore 因此 [Latin]

ergocalciferol /ˌɜ:ɡə(ʊ)kælˈsifərɒl/ n.  = CALCIFEROL  [ERGOT + CALCIFEROL]

ergonomics /ɜ:ɡəˈnɒmiks/ n.  the study of the efficiency of persons in their working environment 工效学，人类工程学(研究如何使人在工作环境中发挥最大效益的学问) □ ergonomic  adj.  □ ergonomist  /ɜ:ˈɡɒnəmist/ n.   [Greek ergon ‘work’: cf. ECONOMICS]

ergosterol /ɜ:ˈɡɒstərɒl/ n. Biochem.  a plant sterol that is converted to vitamin D2 when irradiated with ultraviolet light 【生化】麦角甾醇，麦角固醇(一种植物甾醇，经紫外线照射后可转化为维生素 D2) [ERGOT, on the pattern of CHOLESTEROL]

ergot /ˈɜ:ɡɒt/ n.  1  a disease of rye and other cereals caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, the presence of which can cause food poisoning 麦角病(一种由麦角菌引起的谷类植物疾病，可造成食物中毒) 2  a  this fungus 麦角菌b  the dried spore-containing structures of this, used as a source of medicine to aid childbirth 麦角干孢子(用来生产催产用医用麦角的原料) 3  a small horny protuberance on the back of a horse's fetlock 距毛角质(马的球节部的一小块角质结节) [French from Old French argot ‘cock's spur’, from the appearance produced by the disease]

ergotism /ˈɜ:ɡətiz(ə)m/ n.  poisoning produced by eating food affected by ergot 麦角中毒

Eric /ˈerik/   埃里克 [人名]

Erica /ˈerikə/   埃里卡 [人名]

erica /ˈerikə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Erica, with small leathery leaves and bell-like flowers; a heath or heather 欧石南属灌木 [Latin from Greek ereikē ‘heath’]

ericaceous /eriˈkeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the plant family Ericaceae, which includes heathers, azaleas, and rhododendrons 杜鹃花科的(包括帚石南、映山红和杜鹃花)的 2 (of compost) suitable for ericaceous and other lime-hating plants (肥料)适合杜鹃科植物使用的 [modern Latin Ericaceae from ERICA]

Erie /ˈiəri/ n.  伊利湖(即 Lake Erie) [北美洲]

erigeron /iˈridʒərɒn, e-/ n.  any hardy herbaceous plant of the genus Erigeron (daisy family), with daisy-like flowers 飞蓬；飞蓬属植物 [Greek ērigerōn, from ēri ‘early’ + gerōn ‘old man’, because it flowers early in the year and some species bear grey down]

Erinys /eˈrinis/ n. (pl. Erinyes /eˈrinii:z/) Mythol.  a Fury 【神】复仇女神 [Greek]

eristic /eˈristik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characterized by disputation 争论的，好辩的 2 (of an argument or arguer) aiming at winning rather than at reaching the truth (争论或争论者)争胜(而非争理)的，不饶人的，诡辩的 ●n.  1  the practice of disputation 争论，驳斥 2  an exponent of disputation 争论者，辩论者，诡辩者 □ eristically  adv.   [Greek eristikos via erizō ‘wrangle’ from eris ‘strife’]

Eritrea   厄立特里亚

Eritrean /eriˈtreiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Eritrea in NE Africa 厄立特里亚的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Eritrea 厄立特里亚人 [Italian Eritrea, from Latin Mare Erythraeum ‘the Red Sea’]

erk /ɜ:k/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a naval rating 海军士兵 2  an aircraftman 飞行员，空军士兵 3  a disliked person 令人讨厌的人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

erl-king /ˈɜ:lkiŋ/ n. (in Germanic mythology) a bearded giant or goblin who lures little children to the land of death 恶尔精(日尔曼神话中引诱小孩到死亡之地的大胡子巨人或喜欢恶作剧的小妖精) [German Erlkönig ‘alder-king’, a mistranslation of Danish ellerkonge ‘king of the elves’]

ERM abbr.  exchange-rate mechanism [缩略]汇率机制

ermine /ˈɜ:min/ n. (pl. same or ermines)  1  the stoat, esp. when in its white winter fur 白鼬，鼬獾，(尤指)一身冬季白色皮毛的扫雪 2  its white fur, used as trimming for the robes of judges, peers, etc. 白鼬的皮毛(用作法官、贵族长袍的镶边) 3 Heraldry  a white fur marked with black spots 【纹章学】带黑色斑点的白色皮毛 □ ermined  adj.   [Middle English from Old French (h)ermine, probably from medieval Latin (mus) Armenius ‘Armenian (mouse) ’]

ern US var.  of ERNE [美] ERNE 的变体

-ern /ən/ suffix  forming adjectives (northern 北方的) 构成形容词 [Old English -erne, from Germanic]

erne /ɜ:n/ n. (US [美] ern) poet.  a sea eagle [诗]海雕，渔雕 [Old English earn, from Germanic]

Ernest /ˈɜ:nist/   欧内斯特 [人名]

Ernie /ˈɜ:ni/ n. (in the UK) a device for drawing prizewinning numbers of Premium Bonds (英国)欧尼摇奖机 [acronym from electronic random number indicator equipment]

erode /iˈrəʊd/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  wear away, destroy or be destroyed gradually 腐蚀；磨损；侵蚀 2 tr. Med. (of ulcers etc.) destroy (tissue) little by little 【医】(溃疡等)溃烂，糜烂 □ erodible  adj.   [French éroder or Latin erodere eros- (as E-, rodere ros- ‘gnaw’)]

erogenous /iˈrɒdʒinəs, e-/ adj.  1 (esp. of a part of the body) sensitive to sexual stimulation (尤指身体的某部分)对性刺激敏感的 2  giving rise to sexual desire or excitement 引起性欲的，引起性兴奋的 [as EROTIC + -GENOUS]

erosion /iˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  1 Geol.  the wearing away of the earth's surface by the action of water, wind, etc. 【地质】风化；侵蚀 2  the act or an instance of eroding; the process of being eroded 风化作用，风化过程 □ erosional  adj.  □ erosive  adj.   [French érosion from Latin erosio (as ERODE)]

erotic /iˈrɒtik/ adj.  of or causing sexual love, esp. tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement 引起性爱的；色情的，引起性欲的 □ erotically  adv.   [French érotique from Greek erōtikos, from erōs erōtos ‘sexual love’]

erotica /iˈrɒtikə/ n. pl.  erotic literature or art 色情文学；色情艺术

eroticism /iˈrɒtisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  erotic nature or character 色情性 2  the use of or response to erotic images or stimulation 色情，性本能，性反应

eroticize /iˈrɒtisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make erotic; stimulate sexually 使色情，使性感

erotism /ˈerətiz(ə)m/ n.  sexual desire or excitement; eroticism 性欲，性本能，性冲动

eroto- /iˈrɒtəʊ/ comb. form  erotic, eroticism [构词成分]色情 [Greek erōs erōtos ‘sexual love’]

erotogenic /iˌrɒtəˈdʒenik/ adj. (also 亦作 erotogenous /erəˈtɒdʒinəs/)  = EROGENOUS 

erotology /erəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of sexual love 性爱学

erotomania /iˌrɒtə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  1  excessive or abnormal erotic desire 色情狂，性欲异常 2  a preoccupation with sexual passion 情欲专注 □ erotomaniac  /-niæk/ n.  

err /ɜ:/ v. intr.  1  be mistaken or incorrect 出错 2  do wrong; sin 犯错误；有罪 □ err on the right side   act so that the least harmful of possible errors is the most likely to occur 有意做不合算但求稳妥的行动□ err on the side of   act with a specified bias 按某种特定偏向行事  errs on the side of generosity  宁可过分慷慨一点而不… [Middle English via Old French errer from Latin errare ‘stray’: related to Gothic airzei ‘error’, airzjan ‘lead astray’]

errand /ˈer(ə)nd/ n.  1  a short journey, esp. on another's behalf, to take a message, collect goods, etc. (短程)差事，差使(尤指为人传递消息，取东西等) 2  the object of such a journey (差事的)使命，任务 [Old English œˉrende, from Germanic]

errand of mercy n.  a journey or mission to relieve suffering etc. 仁慈之行(为减轻痛苦而为)

errant /ˈer(ə)nt/ adj.  1  erring; deviating from an accepted standard 出错的，出偏差的 2 literary or archaic  travelling in search of adventure [文学用语] [古义] (为探险而进行的)周游，出游  knight errant  骑士周游 □ errancy  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ errantry  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English: sense 1 formed as ERR: sense 2 from Old French errer, ultimately via Late Latin itinerare from iter ‘journey’]

erratic /iˈrætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  inconsistently variable in conduct, opinions, etc., unpredictable, eccentric 不确定的，捉摸不定的(行为、想法等)；不可预测的；古怪的 2  uncertain in movement 行踪不定的 ●n.  = ERRATIC BLOCK  □ erratically  adv.  □ erraticism  n.   [Middle English via Old French erratique from Latin erraticus (as ERR)]

erratic block n.  a large rock carried from a distance by glacial action 冰川漂砾

erratum /eˈrɑ:təm, -reit-/ n. (pl. errata /-tə/)  an error in printing or writing, esp. (in pl. 用复数) a list of corrected errors attached to a book etc. 印刷(或书写)错误；(尤指书末的)勘误表 [Latin, neut. past part. of errare (as ERR), used as a noun]

Errol /ˈerəl/   埃罗尔 [人名]

erroneous /iˈrəʊniəs, e-/ adj.  incorrect; arising from error 不正确的，由错误引起的 □ erroneously  adv.  □ erroneousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French erroneus or Latin erroneus, from erro -onis ‘vagabond’ (as ERR)]

error /ˈerə/ n.  1  a mistake 错误，差错 2  the condition of being wrong in conduct or judgement (行为或判断)犯错，出错  led into error  导致出错 3  a wrong opinion or judgement 错误的想法(或判断) 4  the amount by which something is incorrect or inaccurate in a calculation or measurement (计算或测量)错误量，出错量 □ errorless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French errour from Latin error -oris (as ERR)]

ersatz /ˈɜ:sæts, ˈɛə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  substitute, imitation (esp. of inferior quality) 代替的，仿制的(尤指质量较差的) ●n.  an ersatz thing 代用品，仿制品 [German, = replacement]

Erse /ɜ:s/ adj. & n. archaic or derog. [古义] [贬] ●adj.  of or relating to Highland or esp. Irish Gaelic 苏格兰高地的，(尤指)爱尔兰盖尔语的 ●n.  the Gaelic language, esp. Irish Gaelic 盖尔语(尤指爱尔兰的盖尔语) [early Scots form of IRISH]

erst /ɜ:st/ adv. archaic  formerly; of old [古义]往昔的，旧(时)的 [Old English œˉrest, superlative of œˉr: see ERE]

erstwhile /ˈɜ:stwail/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  former, previous 以前的，从前的 ●adv. archaic [古义]  = ERST 

erubescent /erʊˈbes(ə)nt/ adj.  reddening, blushing 脸红的，变红的 [Latin erubescere (as E-, rubescere from rubēre ‘be red’)]

eructation /i:rʌkˈteiʃ(ə)n, i-/ n.  the act or an instance of belching 打嗝，嗳气；喷射，喷发 [Latin eructatio from eructare (as E-, ructare ‘belch’)]

erudite /ˈerʊdait/ adj.  1 (of a person) learned (人)有学问的，有知识的 2 (of writing etc.) showing great learning (写作等)知识渊博的 □ eruditely  adv.  □ erudition  /-ˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin eruditus, past part. of erudire ‘instruct, train’ (as E-, rudis ‘untrained’)]

erupt /iˈrʌpt/ v. intr.  1  break out suddenly or dramatically 喷发，爆发 2 (of a volcano) become active and eject lava etc. (火山开始)爆发，喷发 3  a (of a rash, boil, etc.) appear on the skin (皮肤上)出现(疹子、疖子等)b (of the skin) produce a rash etc. (皮肤上)发疹，生疖 4 (of the teeth) break through the gums in normal development (牙齿)萌出，长出 □ eruption  n.  □ eruptive  adj.   [Latin erumpere erupt- (as E-, rumpere ‘break’)]

-ery /əri/ suffix (also 亦作 -ry /-ri/) forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  a class or kind (greenery 绿树 ; machinery 机械 ; citizenry 市民) 类、种 2  an occupation or employment; a state, condition, or behaviour (archery 射箭 ; slavery 奴隶身份 ; bravery 勇敢) 职业、状态或行为 3  a place set aside for an activity or characterized by a gathering together of things, animals, etc. (brewery 啤酒厂 ; orangery 柑橘园) 做…的地方；…的集结地 4 often derog.  all that has to do with (knavery 不道德行为 ; popery (罗马)天主教 ; tomfoolery 愚蠢举动) [常贬]与…有关的全部事物 [Middle English, from or suggested by French -erie, -ere, ultimately from Latin -ario-, -ator]

erysipelas /eriˈsipiləs/ n. Med.  a streptococcal infection producing inflammation and a deep red colour on the skin, esp. of the face and scalp 【医】丹毒 [Middle English via Latin from Greek erusipelas, perhaps related to eruthros ‘red’ + a root pel- ‘skin’]

erythema /eriˈθi:mə/ n.  a superficial reddening of the skin, usu. in patches (皮肤)红斑(通常为成块的) □ erythemal  adj.  □ erythematic  /ˌeriθiˈmætik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek eruthēma, via eruthainō ‘be red’ from eruthros ‘red’]

erythrism /ˈeriθriz(ə)m/ n.  abnormal red coloration esp. in a bird or animal 异常的红色素沉积，(尤指)发生在鸟兽身上的色素沉积 [ERYTHRO- + -ISM]

erythro- /iˈriθrəʊ/ comb. form  red [构词成分]红色的 [Greek eruthros ‘red’]

erythroblast /iˈriθrə(ʊ)blæst/ n.  an immature erythrocyte 幼红细胞，成红细胞 [German]

erythrocyte /iˈriθrəsait/ n.  a red blood cell, which contains the pigment haemoglobin and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues 红血球，红细胞 □ erythrocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  

erythroid /ˈeriθrɔid/ adj.  of or relating to erythrocytes 红血球的，红细胞的

Es symb. Chem.  the element einsteinium [符]【化】(化学元素)锿

-es1 /iz, z/ suffix  forming plurals of nouns ending in sibilant sounds (such words in -e dropping the e)  kisses  吻 cases  事件 boxes  盒子 churches  教堂 and of a few ending in -o  potatoes  土豆 heroes  英雄 构成的齿擦音结尾的名词复数(以 -e 结尾词后的 e 去掉)；加在一些以 -o 结尾的词之后构成复数 [variant of -S1]

-es2 /iz, z/ suffix  forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs ending in sibilant sounds (such words in -e dropping the e) and ending in -o (but not -oo)  goes  去 places  放 pushes  推 加在以齿擦音结尾的动词后构成第三人称单数(以 -e 结尾的词后则需去掉 e)；加在以 -o 结尾的词后，但不加在以 -oo 结尾的词后，构成第三人称单数 [variant of -S2]

ESA abbr.  European Space Agency [缩略]欧洲航天署

escadrille /eskəˈdril/ n.  a French squadron of aeroplanes (法国的)飞行小队 [French]

escalade /eskəˈleid/ n.  the scaling of fortified walls with ladders, as a military attack 登云梯攻城；(用梯子)攀登城墙 [French via Spanish escalada, -ado from medieval Latin scalare, from scala ‘ladder’]

escalate /ˈeskəleit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  increase or develop (usu. rapidly) by stages 逐级增加；逐级发展；逐级上升(通常迅速地) 2 tr.  cause (an action, activity, or process) to become more intense 使(行为、活动、进程等)加剧 □ escalation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [back-formation from ESCALATOR]

escalator /ˈeskəleitə/ n.  a moving staircase consisting of a circulating belt forming steps 自动扶梯，滚梯 [from the stem of escalade ‘climb a wall by ladder’ + -ATOR]

escallonia /eskəˈləʊniə/ n.  an evergreen shrub of the S. American genus Escallonia, bearing pink or white flowers 鼠刺属植物(一种常绿灌木) [named after Escallon, 18th-c. Spanish traveller]

escallop /iˈskæləp, e-, -ˈskɒl-/ n.  1  = SCALLOPn. 1, 2  2  = ESCALOPE  3 (in pl. 用复数)  = SCALLOPn. 3  4 Heraldry  a scallop shell as a device 【纹章学】(作图案用的)扇贝壳 [formed as ESCALOPE]

escalope /iˈskæləp, e-, -ˈskɒl-, ˈeskələʊp/ n.  a thin slice of meat without any bone, esp. from a leg of veal 薄肉片(尤指从小牛腿上切下的) [French (in Old French = shell) : see SCALLOP]

escapade /ˈeskəpeid, eskəˈpeid/ n.  a piece of daring or reckless behaviour 大胆的越轨行为；冒失行为 [French from Provençal or Spanish escapada (as ESCAPE)]

escape /iˈskeip, e-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  get free of the restriction or control of a place, person, etc. 逃走，逃跑，逃脱 2 intr. (of a gas, liquid, etc.) leak from a container or pipe etc. (气体)逸出；(液体)泄漏，溢出 3 intr.  succeed in avoiding danger, punishment, etc.; get off safely (成功地)逃脱，躲过(危险、惩罚等) 4 tr.  get completely free of (a person, grasp, etc.) 摆脱(某人、羁绊等) 5 tr.  avoid or elude (a commitment, danger, etc.) 避开；躲避(责任、危险等) 6 tr.  elude the notice or memory of 逃过…注意(或记忆)  nothing escapes you  什么也躲不过你的眼睛 the name escaped me  我把名字忘了 7 tr. (of words etc.) issue unawares from (a person, a person's lips) (词语等)不知不觉地从口中说出，从嘴边溜出 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of escaping; avoidance of danger, injury, etc. 逃走，逃跑；躲避 2  the state of having escaped 逃脱  was a narrow escape  侥幸逃脱 3  a means of escaping 逃走的方式(或手段) often 常作 attrib.: escape hatch  逃生出口 4  a leakage of gas etc. 气体泄漏 5  a temporary relief from reality or worry (暂时地)逃避(现实或痛苦) 6  a garden plant running wild (园中植物的)野化，疯长 7 (in full 全称 escape key) Computing  a key which either ends the current operation, or converts subsequent characters to a control sequence 【计算】中断键，跳转键  escape routine  中断程序 escape sequence  跳转 □ escapable  adj.  □ escaper  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old Norman French escaper, ultimately from medieval Latin (as EX-1, cappa ‘cloak’)]

escape clause n.  a clause specifying the conditions under which a contracting party is free from an obligation 例外条款

escapee /eskeiˈpi:, iˈskeipi:/ n.  a person, esp. a prisoner, who has escaped 逃跑者，逃脱者；(尤指)越狱者

escapement /iˈskeipm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  the part of a clock or watch that connects and regulates the motive power (钟表的)擒纵机构 2  the part of the mechanism in a piano that enables the hammer to fall back as soon as it has struck the string (钢琴上)使琴槌击打琴弦后能迅速弹回的机械装置 3  the mechanism in a typewriter that controls the leftward motion of the carriage (打字机上控制字模向左运动的)棘轮装置 4 archaic  a means of escape [古义]逃走的方式，手段 [French échappement from échapper ESCAPE]

escape road n. esp. Brit.  a road for a vehicle to turn into if unable to negotiate a bend, descent, etc., safely (esp. on a racetrack) [尤英] (下坡、转弯时保证安全用的)岔道(尤指赛车道上的)

escape velocity n.  the minimum velocity needed to escape from the gravitational field of a body 逃逸速度(逃逸某星体引力场所需的最小速度)

escape wheel n.  a toothed wheel in the escapement of a watch or clock (钟表上的)擒纵轮

escapism /iˈskeipiz(ə)m, e-/ n.  the tendency to seek distraction and relief from reality, esp. in the arts or through fantasy 逃避现实(尤指在艺术和幻想中) □ escapist  n. & adj.  

escapology /eskəˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  the methods and techniques of escaping from confinement, esp. as a form of entertainment (从束缚中)脱逃术，遁身术(尤指作为娱乐表演) □ escapologist  n.  

escargot /eˈskɑ:ɡəʊ, i-/ n.  an edible snail 食用蜗牛 [French]

escarpment /iˈskɑ:pm(ə)nt, e-/ n. (also 亦作 escarp) Geol.  a long steep slope at the edge of a plateau etc. 【地质】悬崖，绝壁；陡坡 [French escarpement from escarpe SCARP]

-esce /es/ suffix  forming verbs, usu. initiating action (effervesce 冒泡，起泡 ; fluoresce 发荧光) 构成动词，通常表示“发起、发动” [from or suggested by Latin -escere]

-escent /ˈes(ə)nt/ suffix  forming adjectives denoting the beginning of a state or action (effervescent 起泡的 ; fluorescent 发荧光的) 构成形容词，表示“初始的”，“初起的”，“开始的” □ -escence  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [from or suggested by French -escent or Latin -escent-, pres. part. stem of verbs ending in -escere]

eschatology /eskəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the part of theology concerned with death and final destiny 末世学，来世学 2  a belief or beliefs about the destiny of mankind and the world 末世论 □ eschatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ eschatologist  n.   [Greek eskhatos ‘last’ + -LOGY]

escheat /isˈtʃi:t, e-/ n. & v. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  the reversion of property to the state, or (in feudal law) to a lord, on the owner's dying without legal heirs 主人死后如无法定继承人，将财产重归国家(或领主) 2  property affected by this 重归财产 ●v.  1 tr.  hand over (property) as an escheat (将财产)作为重归财产交付 2 tr.  confiscate 没收 3 intr.  revert by escheat 将(财产)回归给… [Middle English from Old French eschete, ultimately from Latin excidere (as EX-1, cadere ‘fall’)]

eschew /isˈtʃu:, e-/ v. tr. literary  avoid; abstain from [文学用语]避免，躲开 □ eschewal  n.   [Middle English from Old French eschiver, ultimately from Germanic: related to SHY1]

eschscholtzia /iˈʃɒltsiə, isˈkɒlʃə, e-/ n.  a yellow- or orange-flowered plant of the genus Eschscholtzia, esp. the Californian poppy 花菱草 [named after J. F. von Eschscholtz, German botanist d. 1831]

escort n. & v. ●n. /ˈeskɔ:t/  1  one or more persons, vehicles, ships, etc., accompanying a person, vehicle, etc., esp. for protection or security or as a mark of rank or status 护送或护卫人(或车辆、船舰等) (尤指出于安全原因或为显示级别身份而为) 2  a person accompanying a person of the opposite sex socially (在社交场合)陪伴(或护送)异性 ●v. tr. /iˈskɔ:t, e-/  act as an escort to 护送；陪伴 [French escorte, escorter from Italian scorta, fem. past part. of scorgere ‘conduct’]

escritoire /eskri:ˈtwɑ:/ n.  a writing desk with drawers etc. (带抽屉的)写字台 [French from Latin scriptorium ‘writing-room’: see SCRIPTORIUM]

escrow /iˈskrəʊ, e-/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  1  money, property, or a written bond, kept in the custody of a third party until a specified condition has been fulfilled 钱、财产、契约等暂由第三者保存以待条件实现 2  the status of this 在条件未实现前由第三者暂管(的状况)  in escrow  由第三者暂为保管 ●v. tr.  place in escrow 将…暂交第三者保管以待条件实现 [Anglo-French escrowe, Old French escroe ‘scrap, scroll’, via medieval Latin scroda from Germanic]

escudo /eˈsku:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the chief monetary unit of Portugal and Cape Verde 埃斯库多(葡萄牙 2002 年前的和佛得角的主要货币单位，葡萄牙现已采用欧元) [Spanish & Portuguese, from Latin scutum ‘shield’]

esculent /ˈeskjʊlənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  fit to eat; edible 适合食用的，可食用的 ●n.  an edible substance 可食物品 [Latin esculentus from esca ‘food’]

escutcheon /iˈskʌtʃ(ə)n, e-/ n.  1  a shield or emblem bearing a coat of arms 带有盾形纹章的盾或徽章 2  the middle part of a ship's stern where the name is placed 船尾中部写有船名的部分 3  the protective plate around a keyhole or door handle (锁眼或门把手的)护托，护圈 □ blot on the escutcheon of   a stain on the character or name of 品格、名誉上的污点□ escutcheoned  adj.   [Anglo-French & Old Norman French escuchon, ultimately from Latin scutum ‘shield’]

Esd. abbr. [缩略]  Esdras (Apocrypha) 

ESE abbr. [缩略]  east-south-east 

-ese /i:z/ suffix forming adjectives and nouns denoting 构成形容词和名词，表示 :  1  an inhabitant or language of a country or city (Japanese 日本人，日本语 ; Milanese 米兰人 ; Viennese 维也纳人) 某国或某地的居民；国家或地方的语言 2 often derog.  character or style, esp. of language (officialese 公文体) [常贬]具有某种特征、风格、文体的(尤指语言) [Old French -eis, ultimately from Latin -ensis]

esker /ˈeskə/ n. (also 亦作 eskar) Geol.  a long ridge of post-glacial gravel in river valleys 【地质】蛇(形)丘(河谷中长长的冰川砂砾岩层) [Irish eiscir]

Eskimo /ˈeskiməʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Esquimau) often offens. [常冒犯] ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os or Esquimaux)  1  a member of a people inhabiting northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and eastern Siberia 爱斯基摩人(居住在加拿大北部、阿拉斯加、格棱兰和西伯利亚东部) 2  any of the languages of this people 爱斯基摩人讲的语言 ●adj.  of or relating to the Eskimos or their language 爱斯基摩人的；爱斯基摩语的 [Danish from French Esquimaux (pl.), from Algonquian, literally ‘eaters of raw flesh’]■Usage 用法说明 In Canada and, increasingly, elsewhere the term Inuit is used to refer to Canadian Eskimos and also to Eskimos generally. The term Eskimo may offend some people. 在世界各地区，人们现用 Inuit 来指加拿大的爱斯基摩人，也用其作为爱斯基摩人的统称。用 Eskimo 这个词可能会冒犯一些人。 

Esky /ˈeski/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. propr.  a portable insulated container for keeping food or drink cool [澳] [商标]便携式密封冷饮盒，冷藏盒 [probably from ESKIMO, with reference to their cold climate]

ESL abbr.  English as a second language [缩略]作为第二语言的英语

ESN abbr. hist.  educationally subnormal [缩略] [史义]教育上低于正常人的

esophagus US var.  of OESOPHAGUS [美] OESOPHAGUS 的变体

esoteric /esəˈterik, i:s-/ adj. (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended only for, or intelligible only to, the initiated (指信念、讲话方式等)针对内行的，内传的；难懂的，深奥的；秘传的 □ esoterically  adv.  □ esotericism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ esotericist  /-sist/ n.   [Greek esōterikos from esōterō, comparative of esō ‘within’: cf. EXOTERIC]

ESP abbr.  extrasensory perception [缩略]超感(官)知觉；特异功能

esp. abbr. [缩略]  especially 

espadrille /espəˈdril, ˈespədril/ n.  a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole 帆布便鞋 [French from Provençal espardillo, from espart ESPARTO]

espalier /iˈspæljə, e-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lattice or frame along which the branches of a tree or shrub are trained to grow flat against a wall etc. (使树木贴墙等生长的)棚架或栅格 2  a tree or shrub trained in this way 经如此驯化贴墙生长的树木 ●v. tr.  train in this way 使树木沿墙平长 [French from Italian spalliera, from spalla ‘shoulder’]

esparto /eˈspɑ:təʊ, i-/ n. (pl. -os) (in full 全称 esparto grass)  a coarse grass, Stipa tenacissima, native to Spain and N. Africa, with tough narrow leaves, used to make ropes, wickerwork, and good-quality paper 细茎针茅，地中海茅草 [Spanish via Latin spartum from Greek sparton ‘rope’]

especial /iˈspeʃ(ə)l, e-/ adj.  1  notable, exceptional 特别的，特殊的 2  attributed or belonging chiefly to one person or thing 特有的，独特的  your especial charm  你独特的魅力 [Middle English via Old French from Latin specialis ‘special’]

especially /iˈspeʃ(ə)li, e-/ adv.  chiefly; much more than in other cases 主要地，特别地

Esperanto /espəˈræntəʊ/ n.  an artificial universal language devised in 1887, based on roots from the chief European languages 世界语 (1887 年以欧洲主要语言为基础创造的一种人造语言) □ Esperantist  n.   [the pen-name (from Latin sperare ‘hope’) of its inventor, L. L. Zamenhof, Polish physician d. 1917]

espial /iˈspai(ə)l, e-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of catching sight of or of being seen 观察；被观察 2 archaic  spying [古义]侦察，刺探 [Middle English from Old French espiaille, from espier: see ESPY]

espionage /ˈespiənɑ:ʒ, -idʒ/ n.  the practice of spying or of using spies, esp. by governments 侦察，刺探，间谍活动(尤指政府间的) [French espionnage via espionner from espion SPY]

esplanade /espləˈneid, -ˈnɑ:d/ n.  1  a long open level area for walking on, esp. beside the sea 供散步用的路(尤指在海边的步行路) 2  a level space separating a fortress from a town 要塞或城堡与城市间的旷地 [French via Spanish esplanada, from esplanar ‘make level’, from Latin explanare (as EX-1, planus ‘level’)]

espousal /iˈspaʊz(ə)l, e-/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the espousing of a cause etc. 支持(事业等) 2 archaic  a marriage or betrothal [古义]结婚；婚约 [Middle English via Old French espousailles from Latin sponsalia, neut. pl. of sponsalis (as ESPOUSE)]

espouse /iˈspaʊz, e-/ v. tr.  1  adopt or support (a cause, doctrine, etc.) 采纳或支持(事业、理念等) 2 archaic [古义]  a (usu. of a man) marry (通指男人)结婚，成亲b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  give (a woman) in marriage 嫁(女)，娶(妻) □ espouser  n.   [Middle English via Old French espouser from Latin sponsare, from sponsus, past part. of spondēre ‘betroth’]

espresso /eˈspresəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 expresso /ekˈspresəʊ/) (pl. -os)  1  strong concentrated black coffee made under steam pressure (蒸汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡 2  a machine for making this 煮这种浓咖啡的器具 [Italian, = pressed out]

esprit /eˈspri:, ˈespri:, 法 ɛspri/ n.  1  wit 才智，智慧 2  spirit, liveliness 精神，活力 [French, from Latin spiritus SPIRIT]

esprit de corps /də ˈkɔ:, 法 də kɔr/ n.  a feeling of devotion to and pride in the group one belongs to 团队精神，团体精神 [French, literally ‘spirit of the body’]

esprit de l'escalier /də leˈskæljei, 法 də lɛskalje/ n.  an apt retort or clever remark that comes to mind after the chance to make it is gone (事后想出来的)机智反驳，有才智的话语 [French, literally ‘wit of the stairs’]

espy /iˈspai, e-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) literary  catch sight of; perceive [文学用语]见到，看到；感知，认知 [Middle English from Old French espier: see SPY]

Esq. abbr. [缩略]  Esquire 

-esque /esk/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘in the style of’ or ‘resembling’ (romanesque 罗马式建筑 ; Schumannesque 舒曼式的 ; statuesque 雕像般的) 构成形容词，表示“…式的”，“像…的” [French via Italian -esco from medieval Latin -iscus]

Esquimau var.  of ESKIMO  ESKIMO 的变体

esquire /iˈskwaiə, e-/ n.  1 (usu. as abbr. 通常作缩略 Esq.)  a Brit.  a title appended to a man's surname when no other form of address is used, esp. as a form of address for letters [英]先生(对男士的称谓，在无其他称谓时用，尤用于书信中)b US  a title appended to a lawyer's surname [美]先生(用在律师姓前) 2 archaic [古义]  = SQUIREn. 2  [Middle English via Old French esquier from Latin scutarius ‘shield-bearer’, from scutum ‘shield’]

ESR abbr. Physics  electron spin resonance [缩略]【物理学】电子自旋共振

ESRC abbr. (in the UK) Economic and Social Research Council [缩略] (英)经济与社会研究会

-ess1 /es/ suffix  forming nouns denoting females (actress 女演员 ; lioness 母狮子 ; mayoress 女市长) 构成名词，表示“雌性的，母的，女性的” [from or suggested by French -esse via Late Latin -issa from Greek -issa]

-ess2 /es/ suffix  forming abstract nouns from adjectives (duress 胁迫) 由形容词构成抽象名词 [Middle English via French -esse from Latin -itia; cf. -ICE, -ISE2]

essay n. & v. ●n. /ˈesei/  1  a composition, usu. short and in prose, on any subject 散文；短文，小品文 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in) formal  an attempt [正式]企图；尝试 ●v. tr. /eˈsei/ formal  attempt, try [正式]企图做，尝试 □ essayist  n.   [Middle English from ASSAY, assimilated to French essayer, ultimately via Late Latin exagium ‘weighing’ from exigere ‘weigh’: see EXACT]

essence /ˈes(ə)ns/ n.  1  the indispensable quality or element identifying a thing or determining its character; fundamental nature or inherent characteristics 本质，实质，要素 2  a  an extract obtained by distillation etc., esp. a volatile oil 精炼制品，提炼品(尤指挥发油)b  a perfume or scent, esp. made from a plant or animal substance 香精，香料；香水(尤指从动植物中提取的) 3  the constituent of a plant that determines its chemical properties 精，素，主要成分(植物中决定其化学特性的部分) 4  an abstract entity; the reality underlying a phenomenon or all phenomena 精髓，精华 □ in essence   fundamentally 根本上，本质上□ of the essence   indispensable, vital 重要的，不可缺少的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin essentia, from esse ‘be’]

Essene /ˈesi:n/ n.  a member of an ancient Jewish ascetic sect living communally and widely regarded as the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls 艾赛尼派信徒(古代犹太教的一个禁欲教派，居住在一起，被认为是死海经书卷的作者) [Latin pl. Esseni from Greek pl. Essēnoi]

essential /iˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  absolutely necessary; indispensable 必需的；必备的，不可缺少的，绝对需要的 2  fundamental, basic 基本的；根本的，基础的 3  of or constituting the essence of a person or thing 精华的，精髓的 4 (of a disease) with no known external stimulus or cause; idiopathic (疾病)自发的；无外部起因的 ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a basic or indispensable element or thing 必备品，(基本)必需品 □ essentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ essentially  adv.  □ essentialness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin essentialis (as ESSENCE)]

essential element n.  any of various elements required by living organisms for normal growth (生物正常生长必需的)基本元素

essentialism /iˈsenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are 【哲】本质主义，本质论 □ essentialist  n. & adj.  

essential oil n.  a volatile oil derived from a plant etc. with its characteristic odour 精油(植物中提取含有独特香味的挥发油)

EST abbr. [缩略]  1  Eastern Standard Time 东部标准时间 2  electro-shock treatment 电击疗法

est /est/ n.  a group technique for raising self-awareness, including motivational theories from the business world 一种提高群体自我意识的方法，包括商界的激励理论 [acronym from Erhard Seminars Training, from the name of W. Erhard, American businessman (b. 1935), who devised the technique]

est. abbr. [缩略]  established 

-est1 /ist/ suffix  forming the superlative of adjectives  widest  最宽阔的 nicest  最精美的 happiest  极其高兴的 and adverbs  soonest  最快地 构成形容词最高级；和构成副词最高级 [Old English -ost-, -ust-, -ast-]

-est2 /ist/ suffix (also 亦作 -st) archaic  forming the 2nd person sing. of verbs (canst; findest; gavest) [古义]表示动词第二人称单数 [Old English -est, -ast, -st]

establish /iˈstæbliʃ, e-/ v. tr.  1  set up or consolidate (a business, system, etc.) on a permanent basis 建立，成立；设立(企业、公司、系统，制度等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  settle (a person or oneself) in some capacity 使具备…的资格 3 (esp. as 尤作 established adj.)  achieve permanent acceptance for (a custom, belief, practice, institution, etc.) 确立，树立(风俗、信仰、时尚、机构等) 4  a  validate; place beyond dispute (a fact etc.) 使生效；使(事实等)不容争议b  find out, ascertain 确定；找出 □ establisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French establir (stem establiss-) from Latin stabilire, from stabilis STABLE1]

established Church n.  a Church recognized by the state as the national Church (由国家认定的)国教

establishment /iˈstæbliʃm(ə)nt, e-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of establishing; the process of being established 建立，成立；设立 2  a  a business organization or public institution 商业组织(或公共机构)b  a place of business 交易场所，会所c  a residence 住所，居住地，住房 3  a  the staff or equipment of an organization 公司(机构)的职工(或设备)b  a household 家族；家居；家庭 4  any organized body permanently maintained for a purpose 组织机构，企事业单位，团体 5  a Church system organized by law (由法律确立的)教会系统 6  a (作 the Establishment)  the group in a society exercising authority or influence, and seen as resisting change (通常指较保守的)政府机构b  any influential or controlling group (社会中)有影响、有控制能力的团体与群体  the literary establishment  文学界

establishmentarian /iˌstæbliʃm(ə)nˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  adhering to or advocating the principle of an established Church 国教的；提倡国教的 ●n.  a person adhering to or advocating this 国教主义者，国教分子 □ establishmentarianism  n.  

estaminet /eˈstæminei, 法 ɛstaminɛ/ n.  a small French café etc. selling alcoholic drinks (法)出售含酒精饮料的小咖啡馆，小酒吧 [French, via Walloon staminé ‘byre’ from stamo ‘a pole for tethering a cow’, probably from German Stamm ‘stem’]

estate /iˈsteit, e-/ n.  1  a property consisting of an extensive area of land usu. with a large house 房地产 2 Brit.  a modern residential or industrial area with integrated design or purpose [英]住宅区，工业园区 3  all of a person's assets and liabilities, esp. at death (个人的)全部资产与债务；(尤指)遗产 4  a property where rubber, tea, grapes, etc., are cultivated (橡胶、茶、葡萄等的)种植园，庄园 5 (in full 全称 estate of the realm) esp. hist.  an order or class forming (or regarded as) a part of the body politic [尤史义]政治阶层，政治等级 6 archaic or literary  a state or position in life [古义] [文学用语]状况；社会阶层，社会地位  the estate of holy matrimony  神圣婚姻状况 poor man's estate  穷人阶层 7 Brit. colloq. [英口]  = ESTATE CAR  □ the Three Estates   Lords Spiritual (the heads of the Church), Lords Temporal (the peerage), and the Commons 社会三大等级：教会首脑，贵族和平民 [Middle English from Old French estat (as STATUS)]

estate agent n. Brit.  1  a person whose business is the sale or lease of buildings and land on behalf of others [英]房地产商，房地产经纪人 2  the steward of an estate 房地产代管人

estate car n. Brit.  a car with the passenger area extended and combined with space for luggage, usu. with an extra door at the rear [英]旅行轿车(有加长的车身，车尾有门)；客货两用车

estate duty n. Brit. hist.  death duty levied on property (replaced in 1975 by capital transfer tax and in 1986 by inheritance tax) [英史义] 1986 房地产遗产税 (1975 年由资产转移税取代， 1986 年由继承税取代)

estate of the realm  see 见 ESTATE 5 

esteem /iˈsti:m, e-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  have a high regard for; greatly respect; think favourably of 崇敬，敬仰，仰慕 2 formal  consider, deem [正式]思考，认为，相信  esteemed it an honour  看作是一种荣誉 ●n.  high regard; respect; favour 高度评价；尊敬；倾心  held them in esteem  非常尊敬他们 [Middle English via Old French estimer from Latin aestimare ‘fix the price of’]

ester /ˈestə/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic compounds produced by replacing the hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl, aryl, etc. radical, many of which occur naturally as oils and fats 【化】酯 □ esterify  /eˈsterifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)   [German, probably from Essig ‘vinegar’ + Äther ‘ether’]

Esth. abbr.  Esther (Old Testament & Apocrypha) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《以斯帖记》

esthete US var.  of AESTHETE [美] AESTHETE 的变体

esthetic US var.  of AESTHETIC [美] AESTHETIC 的变体

estimable /ˈestiməb(ə)l/ adj.  worthy of esteem 值得尊敬的，值得仰慕的 □ estimably  adv.   [French from Latin aestimabilis (as ESTEEM)]

estimate n. & v. ●n. /ˈestimət/  1  an approximate judgement, esp. of cost, value, size, etc. 估计；估算，估测(尤指成本、价格、大小等) 2  a price specified as that likely to be charged for work to be undertaken 预算；报价 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) /ˈestimeit/  1  form an estimate or opinion of 测算；估价，看法 2 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  make a rough calculation 估算，粗略计算 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  value or measure by estimation; adjudge 测算，预测；估价，测算，估值 □ estimative  /-mətiv/ adj.  □ estimator  /-meitə/ n.   [Latin aestimare aestimat- ‘fix the price of’]

estimation /estiˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or result of estimating 估计；估算结果 2  judgement or opinion of worth 估价，测算  in my estimation  我的估价 3 archaic  esteem [古义]尊敬，敬重  hold in estimation  受到敬重 [Middle English from Old French estimation or Latin aestimatio (as ESTIMATE)]

estival US var.  of AESTIVAL [美] AESTIVAL 的变体

estivate US var.  of AESTIVATE [美] AESTIVATE 的变体

Estonia   爱沙尼亚

Estonian /iˈstəʊniən, e-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Estonia, a Baltic republic 爱沙尼亚人b  a person of Estonian descent 爱沙尼亚人的后裔 2  the Finno-Ugric language of Estonia 爱沙尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Estonia or its people or language 爱沙尼亚的；爱沙尼亚人的；爱沙尼亚语的

estop /iˈstɒp/ v. tr. (estopped, estopping) (foll. by 后跟 from) Law  bar or preclude, esp. by estoppel 【法律】禁止，排除，(尤指)禁止反言，禁止翻供 □ estoppage  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French estoper and Late Latin stuppare ‘stop up’ from Latin stuppa ‘tow, oakum’: cf. STOP, STUFF]

estoppel /iˈstɒp(ə)l/ n. Law  the principle which precludes a person from asserting something contrary to what is implied by a previous action or statement of that person or by a previous pertinent judicial determination 【法律】禁止反言，禁止翻供 [Old French estouppail ‘bung’ from estoper (as ESTOP)]

estovers /iˈstəʊvəz, e-/ n. pl. hist.  necessaries allowed by law to a tenant (esp. fuel, or wood for repairs) [史义] (法律上认可的)应向租房者所提供的必备物资(尤指燃料、修缮用的木材等) [Anglo-French estover, Old French estoveir ‘be necessary’, from Latin est opus]

estrange /iˈstrein(d)ʒ, e-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 often foll. by 常后跟 from)  cause (a person or group) to turn away in feeling or affection; alienate 使疏远；使离开；离间 2 (as 作 estranged adj.) (of a husband or wife) no longer living with his or her spouse 夫妻分居(的)，分开过(的) □ estrangement  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French estraunger, Old French estranger from Latin extraneare ‘treat as a stranger’, from extraneus ‘stranger’]

estreat /iˈstri:t, e-/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  1  a copy of a court record of a fine etc. for use in prosecution (供起诉用的)法院罚单记录的副本 2  the enforcement of a fine or forfeiture of a recognizance 执行罚没 ●v. tr.  enforce the forfeit of (a fine etc., esp. surety for bail) 执行罚没(尤指为获得保证金而进行的) [Middle English via Anglo-French estrete, Old French estraite, from estraire, from Latin extrahere EXTRACT]

estrogen US var.  of OESTROGEN [美] OESTROGEN 的变体

estrus US var.  of OESTRUS [美] OESTRUS 的变体

estuary /ˈestjʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a wide tidal mouth of a river 河口湾，三角湾， □ estuarine  /-rain/ adj.   [Latin aestuarium ‘tidal channel’ from aestus ‘tide’]

e.s.u. abbr. [缩略]  electrostatic unit(s) 

esurient /iˈsjʊəriənt, e-/ adj. archaic or joc. [古义] [诙]  1  hungry 饥饿的 2  impecunious and greedy 贫穷且贪婪的 □ esuriently  adv.   [Latin esurire ‘to hunger’ from edere es- ‘eat’]

ET abbr. [缩略]  extraterrestrial 

-et1 /it/ suffix  forming nouns (originally diminutives) (baronet 准男爵 ; bullet 子弹 ; sonnet 十四行诗) 构成名词(通常小词) [Old French -et -ete]

-et2 /it/ suffix (also 亦作 -ete /i:t/)  forming nouns usu. denoting persons (comet 彗星 ; poet 诗人 ; athlete 运动员) 构成名词，通常表示“人” [Greek -ētēs]

ETA1 abbr.  estimated time of arrival [缩略]预计到达时间

ETA2 /ˈetə/ n.  a Basque separatist movement in Spain 埃塔(西班牙巴斯克分裂主义运动) [Basque abbreviation, from Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna ‘Basque homeland and liberty’]

eta /ˈi:tə/ n.  the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet (H, η) 希腊语字母表上的第 7 个字母 (H, η) [Greek]

et al. /et ˈæl/ abbr.  and others [缩略]等等，其余 [Latin et alii, et alia, etc.]

etalon /ˈetəlɒn/ n. Physics  a device consisting of two reflecting plates, for producing interfering light beams 【物理学】装有两块反射板用来产生干涉光束的装置 [French étalon, literally ‘standard of measurement’]

etc. abbr. [缩略]  = ET CETERA 

et cetera /etˈset(ə)rə, it-/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 etcetera) ●adv.  1  a  and the rest; and similar things or people (人或物)等等b  or similar things or people 类似的(人或物) 2  and so on 如此类推 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the usual sundries or extras 额外(或附加)的项目(或东西)；零星杂物 [Middle English from Latin]

etch /etʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  reproduce (a picture etc.) by engraving a design on a metal plate with acid (esp. to print copies) (用酸)蚀刻制版(尤指印刷制版)b tr.  engrave (a plate) in this way 蚀刻，酸刻 2 intr.  practise this craft 从事蚀刻技艺 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impress deeply (esp. on the mind) 给…以深刻印象(尤指在脑海中留下深刻记忆) ●n.  the action or process of etching 蚀刻，蚀刻工艺 □ etcher  n.   [Dutch etsen via German ɑ¨tzen ‘etch’ from Old High German azzen ‘cause to eat or to be eaten’, from Germanic]

etchant /ˈetʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a corrosive used in etching (蚀刻使用的)腐蚀剂，蚀刻液

etching /ˈetʃiŋ/ n.  1  a print made from an etched plate 蚀刻版印刷品 2  the art of producing these plates 蚀刻法(或技艺)

-ete suffix var.  of -ET2 -ET2 的变体

eternal /iˈtɜ:n(ə)l, i:-/ adj.  1  existing always; without an end or (usu.) beginning in time 永恒的，永存的，永远的 2  essentially unchanging 根本不变的，不朽的  eternal truths  永恒的真理 3 colloq.  constant; seeming not to cease [口]经常的，无休止的  your eternal nagging  你没完没了的唠叨 □ the Eternal   God 上帝□ eternality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ eternalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ eternally  adv.  □ eternalness  n.  □ eternize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin aeternalis from Latin aeternus, from aevum ‘age’]

Eternal City n. (prec. by 前接 the)  Rome 罗马城

eternal triangle n.  a relationship between three people, usu. two of one sex and one of the other, involving sexual rivalry 三角关系，(通常指)两男一女或两女一男的三角恋爱

eternity /iˈtɜ:niti, i:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  infinite or unending (esp. future) time 永恒的时间(尤指未来) 2 Theol.  endless life after death 【神】永生，来世 3  the state of being eternal 不朽，永存 4 (often prec. by 常前接 an) colloq.  a very long time [口]很久很久，极长的时间 5 (in pl. 用复数)  eternal truths 永恒的真理，不朽的真理 [Middle English via Old French eternité from Latin aeternitas -tatis, from aeternus: see ETERNAL]

eternity ring n.  a finger ring set with gems all round, usu. given as a token of lasting affection (象征永久爱情的)钻戒，永恒戒

Etesian /iˈti:ʒiən, iˈti:z-, iˈti:ʒ(ə)n/ adj.  designating a dry NW wind blowing each summer in the eastern Mediterranean 季风(地中海东部每年夏季干燥的西北风)的 [Latin etesius from Greek etēsios ‘annual’, from etos ‘year’]

eth /eð/ n. (also 亦作 edh /eð/)  the name of an Old English and Icelandic letter, = th 古英语和古冰岛语中的字母，相当于字母 th [Icelandic]

-eth1 var.  of -TH1  -TH1 的变体

-eth2 /iθ/ suffix (also 亦作 -th) archaic  forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs (doeth 做 ; saith 说) [古义]构成第三人称单数动词现在时 [Old English -eth, -ath, -th]

ethanal /ˈeθ(ə)næl/ n.  = ACETALDEHYDE  [ETHANE + ALDEHYDE]

ethane /ˈi:θein, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series, occurring in natural gas Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H6 【化】乙烷 [ETHER + -ANE2]

ethanediol /ˈi:θeinˌdaiɒl, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHYLENE GLYCOL  [ETHANE + DIOL]

ethanoate /iˈθænəʊeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of ethanoic acid ; also called 亦称作 acetate 【化】醋酸盐；醋酸脂

ethanoic acid /eθəˈnəʊik/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ACETIC ACID  [ETHANE + -oic, suffix denoting carboxylic acids]

ethanol /ˈeθənɒl/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ALCOHOL 1  [ETHANE + ALCOHOL]

Ethel /ˈeθəl/   埃塞尔 [人名]

ethene /ˈeθi:n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHYLENE  [ETHER + -ENE]

ether /ˈi:θə/ n.  1 Chem. 【化】  a  a colourless volatile organic liquid used as an anaesthetic or solvent (also called 亦称作 diethyl ether, ethoxyethane) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H5OC2H5 乙醚b  any of a class of organic compounds with a similar structure to this, having an oxygen joined to two alkyl etc. groups 醚类 2 (also 亦作 aether)  the clear sky; the upper regions of air beyond the clouds 天空，苍穹 3 (also 亦作 aether) hist. [史义]  a  a medium formerly assumed to permeate space and fill the interstices between particles of matter 以太(以前人们想像的弥漫于空间、充满于物质粒子间的一种媒介)b  a medium through which electromagnetic waves were formerly thought to be transmitted (传播电磁波的)以太波(旧时人们认为电磁波是通过以太传播的) □ etheric  /i:ˈθerik, ˈi:θ(ə)rik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ether or Latin aether from Greek aithēr, from the root of aithō ‘burn, shine’]

ethereal /iˈθiəriəl/ adj. (also 亦作 etherial)  1  light, airy 轻的；轻便的 2  highly delicate, esp. in appearance 精致的，精巧的(尤指外观上) 3  heavenly, celestial 上天的，上苍的，天体的 4 Chem.  of or relating to ether 【化】乙醚的 □ ethereality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ ethereally  adv.   [Latin aethereus, -ius from Greek aitherios (as ETHER)]

etherize /ˈi:θ(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) hist.  treat or anaesthetize with ether [史义]用乙醚处理；用乙醚麻醉 □ etherization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Ethernet /ˈi:θənet/ n. Computing  a system of communication for local area networks by coaxial cable that prevents simultaneous transmission by more than one station 【计算】以太网(一种网络结构) [ETHER + NETWORK]

ethic /ˈeθik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a set of moral principles 伦理标准，道德规范  the Quaker ethic  教友派伦理 ●adj.  = ETHICAL  [Middle English via Old French éthique or Latin ethicus from Greek ēthikos (as ETHOS)]

ethical /ˈeθik(ə)l/ adj.  1  relating to morals, esp. as concerning human conduct 道德上的(尤指人的行为) 2  morally correct; honourable 道德上规范的；符合道德标准的 3 (of a medicine or drug) not advertised to the general public, and usu. available only on a doctor's prescription (药品)凭医生处方出售的(不做公共广告的) □ ethicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ ethically  adv.  

ethical investment n.  investment in companies that meet ethical and moral criteria specified by the investor 符合投资者道德标准的投资

ethics /ˈeθiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of morals in human conduct; moral philosophy 伦理学；道德学 2  a (treated as pl. 看作复数)  moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准，行为规范b (often treated as pl. 常看作复数)  a set of these 一套道德准则，一套道德规范  medical ethics  医疗道德规范 □ ethicist  /-sist/ n.  

Ethiopia   埃塞俄比亚

Ethiopian /i:θiˈəʊpiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Ethiopia in NE Africa 埃塞俄比亚公民或埃塞俄比亚族人b  a person of Ethiopian descent 埃塞俄比亚人的后裔 2 archaic  a black person [古义]黑人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的 2 Biol.  of or designating a biogeographical region comprising Africa south of the Sahara 【生】埃塞俄比亚(生物地理)区(指生长在撒哈拉大沙漠以南非洲地区的动植物) [Ethiopia via Latin Aethiops from Greek Aithiops, from aithō ‘burn’ + ōps ‘face’]

Ethiopic /i:θiˈɒpik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the Christian liturgical language of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚语(埃塞俄比亚基督徒做礼拜时用的语言) ●adj.  of or in this language 埃塞俄比亚语的 [Latin aethiopicus from Greek aithiopikos: see ETHIOPIAN]

ethmoid /ˈeθmɔid/ adj.  sievelike 筛骨的，筛状的 □ ethmoidal  /-ˈmɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek ēthmoeidēs from ēthmos ‘sieve’]

ethmoid bone n.  a square bone at the root of the nose, with many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose 筛骨

ethnic /ˈeθnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of a social group) having a common national or cultural tradition 种族(或民族、氏族)的b (of clothes, music, etc.) characteristic of or influenced by the traditions of a particular people or culture, esp. one regarded as exotic 有种族或文化特征的，有民族特点的(服装、音乐等)，(尤指)有异国情调的 2  denoting origin by birth or descent rather than nationality (缘于出生或血缘)…种族的，…后代的  ethnic Turks  土耳其人 3  relating to race or culture …种族的，民族文化的  ethnic group  族，群 ethnic origins  源于民族的，源于种族的 4 archaic  pagan, heathen [古义]异教徒，非基督徒 ●n.  1 N. Amer. & Austral.  a member of an (esp. minority) ethnic group [北美澳]某一种族(尤指少数民族)中的一员 2 (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  = ETHNOLOGY  □ ethnically  adv.  □ ethnicity  /-ˈnisiti/ n.   [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin ethnicus from Greek ethnikos ‘heathen’, from ethnos ‘nation’]

ethnical /ˈeθnik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to ethnology 人种学的，民族学的

ethnic cleansing n. euphem.  the mass expulsion or extermination of people from opposing ethnic or religious groups within a certain area [婉]种族清洗，种族驱逐，种族灭绝

ethnic minority n.  a (usu. identifiable) group differentiated from the main population of a community by racial origin or cultural background 少数民族

ethno- /ˈeθnəʊ/ comb. form  ethnic, ethnological. [构词成分]民族的，种族的 [Greek ethnos ‘nation’]

ethnoarchaeology /ˌeθnəʊɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of a society's institutions based on examination of its material attributes 种族文化考古学，社会群落考古学 □ ethnoarchaeological  /-kiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnoarchaeologist  n.  

ethnobotany /eθnəʊˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n.  1  the traditional knowledge of a people concerning plants and their uses 民族植物学知识 2  the study of such knowledge 民族植物学

ethnocentric /eθnə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  evaluating other races and cultures by criteria specific to one's own 种族对比的；文化比较的 □ ethnocentrically  adv.  □ ethnocentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  □ ethnocentrism  n.  

ethnography /eθˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  the scientific description of races and cultures of humankind 人种论，人种志 □ ethnographer  n.  □ ethnographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ ethnographical  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

ethnology /eθˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the comparative scientific study of human peoples 人种学，比较人类学 □ ethnologic  /-nəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ ethnological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnologist  n.  

ethnomethodology /ˌeθnəʊmeθəˈdɒlədʒi/ n.  a method of sociological analysis that examines how individuals in everyday situations construct and maintain the social order of those situations 人类方法学(一种社会学分析方法，观察个体如何在日常生活中构造和维系社会秩序) □ ethnomethodological  /-dəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnomethodologist  n.  

ethnomusicology /ˌeθnəʊmju:ziˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the music of one or more (esp. non-European) cultures 民族音乐学(尤指非欧罗巴民族的) □ ethnomusicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethnomusicologist  n.  

ethogram /ˈi:θəɡræm/ n. Zool.  a list of the kinds of behaviour or activity observed in an animal 【动】动物行为记录 [Greek ētho- (see ETHOS) + -GRAM]

ethology /i:ˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of animal behaviour 动物行为学 2  the science of character-formation in human behaviour 人类性格(形成)学 □ ethological  /i:θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ethologist  n.   [Latin ethologia from Greek ēthologia (as ETHOS)]

ethos /ˈi:θɒs/ n.  the characteristic spirit or attitudes of a community, people, or system, or of a literary work etc. (团体、民族、制度、文学作品中的)气质，性格 [modern Latin from Greek ēthos ‘nature, disposition’]

ethoxyethane /i:ˌθɒksiˈi:θein/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ETHER 1a  [ETHER + OXY-2 + ETHANE]

ethyl /ˈeθail, -θil, ˈi:-/ n. (作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent radical C2H5 － derived from ethane by removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】乙基，乙烷基(由乙烷中去掉一个氢原子而得)  ethyl alcohol  酒精 [German (as ETHER, -YL)]

ethylene /ˈeθili:n, -θ(ə)l-/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series, occurring in natural gas and used in the manufacture of polythene also called 亦称作 ethene Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H4 【化】乙烯，乙烯基(存在于天然气中，用来生产聚乙烯) □ ethylenic  /-ˈli:nik/ adj.  

ethylene glycol n. Chem.  a colourless viscous hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in the manufacture of polyesters also called 亦称作 ethanediol Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H6O2 【化】乙二醇(一种无色、黏稠、吸湿的液体，用作防冻液和生产聚酯)

ethyne /ˈi:θain, ˈeθ-/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ACETYLENE 

-etic /ˈetik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns (ascetic 苦行者 ; emetic 催吐的 ; genetic 遗传上的 ; synthetic 合成的) 构成形容词和名词 [Greek -ětikos or -ētikos: cf. -IC]

etiolate /ˈi:tiə(ʊ)leit/ v. tr.  1  make (a plant) pale by excluding light 通过遮光使(植物)变白 2  give a sickly hue to (a person) 使(人)脸色苍白，使(人)面带病容 □ etiolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French étioler from Norman French étieuler ‘make into haulm’, from éteule, ultimately from Latin stipula ‘straw’]

etiology US var.  of AETIOLOGY [美] AETIOLOGY 的变体

etiquette /ˈetiket, etiˈket/ n.  1  the conventional rules of social behaviour 礼仪，礼节，礼数 2  a  the customary behaviour of members of a profession towards each other 职业规矩，行业习惯b  the unwritten code governing this 不成文的行业规矩，惯例  medical etiquette  医疗行规，医界惯例 [French étiquette ‘label, etiquette’]

Eton collar /ˈi:t(ə)n/ n.  a broad stiff collar worn outside the coat-collar, esp. of an Eton jacket 伊顿领(戴在上衣领外的硬领，尤指穿在伊顿夹克之外)

Etonian /i:ˈtəʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a past or present member of Eton College in southern England (过去或现在的)英格兰南部伊顿学院的学生 ●adj.  of or relating to Eton College 伊顿学院的

Eton jacket /ˈi:t(ə)n/ n.  a short jacket reaching only to the waist, as formerly worn by pupils of Eton College 伊顿(学院以前的)校服(一种长度仅到腰部的短夹克衫)

Etruscan /iˈtrʌsk(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Etruria in Italy, esp. its pre-Roman civilization and physical remains (意大利)古伊特鲁里亚的(尤指其前罗马时代的文明和遗物) ●n.  1  a native of Etruria 伊特鲁里亚人 2  the language of Etruria 伊特鲁里亚语 [Latin Etruscus]

et seq. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 et seqq.)  and the following (pages etc.) (书页等)以下，之后 [Latin et sequentia]

-ette /et/ suffix forming nouns meaning 构成名词，意为 :  1  small (kitchenette 小厨房 ; cigarette 香烟) 小的 2  imitation or substitute (leatherette 人造革 ; flannelette 绒布) 模仿，替代 3  female (usherette 女引座员 ; suffragette 从事妇女参政运动的妇女) 女性的，雌性的 [from or suggested by Old French -ette, fem. of -ET1]

-etum /ˈi:təm/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a collection of trees or other plants (arboretum 植物园 ; pinetum 松树栽培园) 构成名词，表示“一片(树或其他植物)” [Latin]

etymologize /etiˈmɒlədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  give or trace the etymology of 提供词源；查找词源 2 intr.  study etymology 研究词源(学) [medieval Latin etymologizare from Latin etymologia (as ETYMOLOGY)]

etymology /etiˈmɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the historically verifiable sources of the formation of a word and the development of its meaning 词源b  an account of these 词源论述 2  the branch of linguistics concerned with etymologies 词源学(语言学的一个分支) □ etymological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ etymologically  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ etymologist  n.   [Old French ethimologie via Latin etymologia from Greek etumologia (as ETYMON, -LOGY)]

etymon /ˈetimɒn/ n. (pl. etyma /-mə/)  the word that gives rise to a derivative or a borrowed or later form 词源，字根，词的原形 [earlier in the sense ‘the literal sense or original form of a word’: Latin from Greek etumon, neut. of etumos ‘true’]

EU abbr.  European Union [缩略]欧洲联盟■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的用法说明。 

Eu symb. Chem.  the element europium [符]【化】(化学元素)铕

eu- /ju:/ comb. form  well, easily [构词成分]好，容易 [Greek]

eucalyptus /ju:kəˈliptəs/ n. (also 亦作 eucalypt) (pl. eucalyptuses, eucalypti /-tai/, or eucalypts)  1  any tree of the genus Eucalyptus, native to Australasia, many being cultivated for their timber, for the oil from their leaves, for gums and resins, or as ornamental trees 桉树 2 (in full 全称 eucalyptus oil)  the oil from eucalyptus leaves used as an antiseptic etc. 桉树油(用作防腐剂等) [modern Latin, from EU- + Greek kaluptos ‘covered’ from kaluptō ‘to cover’, the unopened flower being protected by a cap]

eucaryote var.  of EUKARYOTE  EUKARYOTE 的变体

eucharis /ˈju:kəris/ n.  any evergreen bulbous plant of the genus Eucharis, native to S. America, with white bell-shaped flowers 油加律属植物(生长在南美的球根常绿植物，开白色钟形小花) [Greek eukharis ‘pleasing’ (as EU-, kharis ‘grace’)]

Eucharist /ˈju:k(ə)rist/ n.  1  the Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed ; also called 亦称作 (Holy) Communion, the Lord's Supper, the Mass 圣餐仪式(纪念耶稣最后的晚餐的仪式，仪式中要供奉和享用面包和红酒) 2  the consecrated elements, esp. the bread 圣餐供品(尤指面包)  receive the Eucharist  接受圣餐 □ Eucharistic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ Eucharistical  /-ˈristik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French eucariste, ultimately via ecclesiastical Greek eukharistia ‘thanksgiving’ from Greek eukharistos ‘grateful’ (as EU-, kharizomai ‘offer willingly’)]

euchre /ˈju:kə/ n. & v. ●n.  an American card game for two, three, or four players 尤克(美国一种纸牌游戏，供 2 人、 3 人或 4 人玩) ●v. tr.  1 (in euchre) gain the advantage over (another player) when that player fails to take three tricks (尤克牌戏)因对手未拿到 3 墩牌而得分 2  deceive, outwit 欺骗，以计取胜，以智取胜 3 Austral.  exhaust, ruin [澳]精疲力竭；毁坏 [19th c.: German dialect Jucker (spiel)]

Euclidean /ju:ˈklidiən/ adj.  of or relating to Euclid, 3rd-c. BC Alexandrian geometrician (公元前 3 世纪亚力山大时代几何学家)欧几里德的，与欧几里德有关的 [Latin Euclideus from Greek Eukleideios]

Euclidean geometry n.  the geometry of ordinary experience, in which the postulates of Euclid are valid (cf. 参见 NON-EUCLIDEAN) 欧几里德几何学

Euclidean space n.  space for which Euclidean geometry is valid 欧几里德空间

eudemonic /ju:di:ˈmɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 eudaemonic)  conducive to happiness 幸福的；幸福学的 [Greek eudaimonikos (as EUDEMONISM)]

eudemonism /ju:ˈdi:məniz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 eudaemonism)  a system of ethics that bases moral obligation on the likelihood of actions producing happiness 幸福论(一种认为道德义务应取决于行为是否产生快乐感的学说) □ eudemonist  n.  □ eudemonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [Greek eudaimonismos ‘system of happiness’ from eudaimōn ‘happy’ (as EU-, daimōn ‘guardian spirit’)]

eudiometer /ju:diˈɒmitə/ n. Chem.  a graduated glass tube in which gases may be chemically combined by an electric spark, used to measure changes in volume of gases during chemical reactions 【化】量气管 □ eudiometric  /-diəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ eudiometrical  /-diəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ eudiometry  n.   [Greek eudios ‘clear (weather) ’: originally used to measure the amount of oxygen, thought to be greater in clear air]

Eugene /ju:ˈʒein, ˈju:dʒi:n/   尤金 [人名]

eugenics /ju:ˈdʒeniks/ n.  the science of improving the (esp. human) population by controlled breeding for desirable inherited characteristics 优生学 □ eugenic  adj.  □ eugenically  adv.  □ eugenicist  /ju:ˈdʒenisist/ n.  □ eugenist  /ˈju:dʒinist/ n.   [EU- + -GEN + -ICS]

euglena /ju:ˈɡli:nə/ n. Biol.  a single-celled freshwater flagellate of the genus Euglena, which can form a green scum on stagnant water 【生】眼虫(藻)，裸藻 [modern Latin genus name, from EU- + Greek glēnē ‘eyeball, socket of joint’]

eukaryote /ju:ˈkæriəʊt/ n. (also 亦作 eucaryote) Biol.  an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus (cf. 参见 PROKARYOTE) 【生】真核细胞 □ eukaryotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [EU- + KARYO- + -ote as in ZYGOTE]

eulogium /ju:ˈləʊdʒiəm/ n. (pl. eulogia /-dʒiə/ or -ums)  = EULOGY  [medieval Latin: see EULOGY]

eulogize /ˈju:lədʒaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  praise in speech or writing (口头或书面的)称赞，颂扬，夸奖 □ eulogist  n.  □ eulogistic  /-ˈdʒistik/ adj.  □ eulogistically  /-ˈdʒistik(ə)li/ adv.  

eulogy /ˈju:lədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  speech or writing in praise of a person 赞语，颂词，颂文b  an expression of praise 赞许，称颂 2 US  a funeral oration in praise of a person [美] (称颂亡人的)悼词，悼文 [medieval Latin eulogium from Late Latin eulogia ‘praise’ (apparently by confusion with Latin elogium ‘epitaph’), from Greek]

Eunice /ˈju:nis/   尤妮斯 [人名]

eunuch /ˈju:nək/ n.  1  a castrated man, esp. one formerly employed at an oriental harem or court 太监，阉人(尤指东方伊斯兰教闺房里或宫庭雇佣的) 2  a person lacking effectiveness 无能力的人，做事无效率的人  political eunuch  政治阉人 [Middle English via Latin eunuchus from Greek eunoukhos, literally ‘bedchamber attendant’ from eunē ‘bed’ + second element related to ekhō ‘hold’]

euonymus /ju:ˈɒniməs/ n.  any tree or shrub of the genus Euonymus, e.g. the spindle tree 卫矛；卫矛属植物 [Latin from Greek euōnumos ‘of lucky name’ (as EU-, onoma ‘name’)]

eupeptic /ju:ˈpeptik/ adj.  of or having good digestion 消化力好的，消化力强的 [Greek eupeptos (as EU-, peptō ‘digest’)]

euphemism /ˈju:fimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a mild or vague expression substituted for one thought to be too harsh or direct (e.g. 如 pass over for die 用“去世”代替“死”) 委婉语 2  the use of such expressions 使用委婉语 □ euphemist  n.  □ euphemistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  □ euphemistically  /-ˈmistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ euphemize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Greek euphēmismos from euphēmos (as EU-, phēmē ‘speaking’)]

euphonious /ju:ˈfəʊniəs/ adj.  1  sounding pleasant, harmonious 悦耳的，和谐的 2  concerning euphony 与言语动听(声音悦耳)有关的 □ euphoniously  adv.  

euphonium /ju:ˈfəʊniəm/ n.  a brass wind instrument of the tuba family 尤风宁号(一种次中音大号) [modern Latin, from Greek euphōnos (as EUPHONY)]

euphony /ˈju:f(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  pleasantness of sound, esp. of a word or phrase; harmony 悦耳动听的声音(尤指言词)；和谐，和声b  a pleasant sound 乐音，谐音 2  the tendency to make a phonetic change for ease of pronunciation 使发音自如的变音倾向 □ euphonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  □ euphonize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French euphonie via Late Latin euphonia from Greek euphōnia (as EU-, phōnē ‘sound’)]

euphorbia /ju:ˈfɔ:biə/ n.  any plant of the genus Euphorbia, including spurges 大戟，大戟属植物 [Middle English from Latin euphorbea from Euphorbus, the name of a 1st-c. Greek physician]

euphoria /ju:ˈfɔ:riə/ n.  a feeling of well-being, esp. one based on overconfidence or over-optimism 心情愉快，心满意足(尤指由过分自信、过分乐观而产生的悦感) □ euphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.  □ euphorically  /-ˈfɒrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek from euphoros ‘borne well, healthy’ (as EU-, pherō ‘bear’)]

euphoriant /ju:ˈfɔ:riənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  inducing euphoria 心情愉快的，心满意足的，兴奋的 ●n.  a euphoriant drug 欣快剂(一种让人产生快感的药物)

Euphrates /ju:ˈfreiti:z/ n.  幼发拉底河(流经土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克) [亚洲]

euphuism /ˈju:fjʊiz(ə)m/ n.  an affected or high-flown style of writing or speaking 矫揉造作的文章(或讲话)，绮丽的文章(或言辞) □ euphuist  n.  □ euphuistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ euphuistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek euphuēs ‘well endowed by nature’: originally of writing imitating Lyly's Euphues (1578 － 80)]

Eurasian /jʊ(ə)rˈeiʃ(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of mixed European and Asian (formerly esp. Indian) parentage 欧亚混血的(以前尤指印度的) 2  of Europe and Asia 欧亚的 ●n.  a Eurasian person 欧亚混血人

Euratom /jʊ(ə)rˈætəm/ n.  European Atomic Energy Community 欧洲原子能委员会 [abbreviation]

eureka /jʊ(ə)ˈri:kə/ int. & n. ●int.  I have found it! (expressing joy at a discovery etc.) 我找到了！ (发现时表示高兴的呼语) ●n.  an exultant cry of ‘eureka’ 高叫， ‘eureka’ 表示高兴 [Greek heurēka, 1st person sing. perfect of heuriskō ‘find’: attributed to Archimedes]

eurhythmic /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmik/ adj.  of or in harmonious proportion (esp. of architecture) (尤指建筑)比例和谐的 [eurhythmy ‘harmony of proportions’ via Latin eur(h)ythmia from Greek eurhuthmia (as EU-, rhuthmos ‘proportion, rhythm’)]

eurhythmics /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) (US [美] eurythmics)  harmony of bodily movement, esp. as developed with music and dance into a system of education 韵律操，(尤指)学生做的韵律操

eurhythmy /jʊ(ə)ˈriðmi/ n. (US [美] eurythmy)  = EURHYTHMICS 

Euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  European  ●n.  1  a European 欧洲人 2  a Eurodollar 欧洲美元 [abbreviation]

Euro- /ˈjʊərəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  Europe, European  [abbreviation]

euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a large reddish wallaby, Macropus robustus 岩大袋鼠 [Adnyamathanha yuru]

Eurobond /ˈjʊərəʊbɒnd/ n.  an international bond issued outside the country in whose currency its value is stated 欧洲股票(非欧洲国家公司在欧洲发行的以该国货币结算的国际股票)

Eurocentric /jʊərəʊˈsentrik/ adj.  having or regarding Europe as its centre; presupposing the supremacy of Europe and Europeans 欧洲中心的(认为欧洲和欧洲人优越的说法或认识) □ Eurocentrism  n.   [EURO- + -CENTRIC]

Eurocheque /ˈjʊərəʊtʃek/ n.  1  a cheque issued under a banking arrangement enabling account-holders from one European country to use their cheques in another 欧洲支票(一种在欧洲各国通用的支票) 2  this arrangement 欧洲支票的安排

Eurocommunism /jʊərəʊˈkɒmjʊniz(ə)m/ n.  a form of Communism in western European countries 欧洲共产主义(西欧一些国家中的共产主义) □ Eurocommunist  adj. & n.  

Eurocrat /ˈjʊərə(ʊ)kræt/ n. usu. derog.  a bureaucrat in the administration of the European Union [通常贬]欧盟管理层的官僚

Euro-currency /ˈjʊərə(ʊ)ˌkʌr(ə)nsi/ n.  money held outside the country (usu. the US or Japan) in whose currency its value is stated 外国(通常为美国和日本)持有的欧洲货币

Eurodollar /ˈjʊərəʊˌdɒlə/ n.  a dollar held outside the US (not necessarily in Europe) 欧洲美元，外埠美元

Euro-election /ˈjʊərəʊiˌlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  an election held for the European Parliament 欧洲议会选举

Euromarket /ˈjʊərəʊˌmɑ:kit/ n.  1  the European money market 欧洲(金融)市场 2  the market of a particular Euro-currency 欧币市场

Euro-MP n.  a member of the European Parliament 欧洲议会议员

Europe /ˈjʊərəp/ n.  1  a continent of the northern hemisphere 欧洲，欧洲大陆 2  the European Union 欧洲联盟 [Greek Eurōpē]

European /jʊərəˈpi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or in Europe 欧洲的 2  a  descended from natives of Europe 欧洲人后裔的b  originating in or characteristic of Europe 源于欧洲的，有欧洲特点的 3  a  happening in or extending over Europe 在欧洲发生的，扩展至欧洲的b  concerning Europe as a whole rather than its individual countries 统一欧洲的，欧洲大家庭的 4  of or relating to the European Union 欧盟的 ●n.  1  a  a native or inhabitant of Europe 欧洲人b  a person descended from natives of Europe 欧洲人后裔c  a white person 白人，欧罗巴人 2  a person concerned with European matters 与欧洲事物有关的人 □ Europeanism  n.  □ Europeanize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Europeanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French européen via Latin europaeus, from Europa, from Greek Eurōpē ‘Europe’]

European Community n.  an economic and political association of certain European countries as a unit with internal free trade and common external tariffs 欧洲共同体■Usage 用法说明 The European Community (EC) was formed in 1967 from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). The name ‘European Communities’ is used in legal contexts where the three distinct organizations are recognized. The name ‘European Economic Community’ (EEC) is sometimes used loosely for the merged organization. In November 1993 the EC became known as the European Union (EU). 欧共体是于 1967 年成立的，由欧洲煤钢联营、欧洲经济共同体及欧洲原子能联营合并而成。“ European Communities ”一词用于这三个组织视为独立机构的法律文本中。 European Economic Community (EEC) 欧洲经济共同体这个名字有时不严谨，用来表示合在一起的整个组织。 1993 年 11 月，欧洲共同体 (EC) 改称为欧洲联盟，简称欧盟 (EU) 。 

European Economic Community  see note at EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. 见 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 的注释。

European plan n. N. Amer.  a system of charging for a hotel room only without meals [北美]欧洲收费制(旅馆费中不包括餐费的收费制度)

europium /jʊ(ə)rˈəʊpiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in small quantities (Symbol 符 Eu) 【化】(化学元素)铕 [modern Latin, from Europe]

Euro-rebel /ˈjʊərəʊˌreb(ə)l/ n.  a person who does not share his or her political party's enthusiasm for the European Union (政党中)不热中于加入欧盟的人士，反对加入欧盟的人士

Euro-sceptic /ˈjʊərəʊˌskeptik/ n.  a person who is not enthusiastic about increasing the powers of the European Union 对加强欧盟势力不感兴趣的人士

Eurovision /ˈjʊərəviʒ(ə)n/ n.  a network of European television production administered by the European Broadcasting Union 欧洲电视网(归欧洲广播联合会管辖)

eurythmics US var.  of EURHYTHMICS [美] EURHYTHMICS 的变体

eurythmy US var.  of EURHYTHMY [美] EURHYTHMY 的变体

Eustachian tube /ju:ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Anat.  a tube leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear and equalizing the pressure on each side of the eardrum 【解】咽鼓管，耳咽管，欧氏管 [Latin Eustachius = B. Eustachio, Italian anatomist d. 1574]

eustasy /ˈju:stəsi/ n.  a change in sea level throughout the world caused by tectonic movements, melting of glaciers, etc. 海(平)面升降(因地质构造运动、冰山融化等引起的海平面变化) □ eustatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [back-formation from German eustatisch (adj.) (as EU-, STATIC)]

eutectic /ju:ˈtektik/ adj. & n. Chem. 【化】  ●adj. (of a mixture, alloy, etc.) having the lowest freezing point of any possible proportions of its constituents (指混合物、合金等)低共熔的 ●n.  a eutectic mixture 低共熔混合物 [Greek eutēktos (as EU-, tēkō ‘melt’)]

eutectic point n. (also 亦作 eutectic temperature)  the minimum freezing point for a eutectic mixture 低共熔点

euthanasia /ju:θəˈneiziə/ n.  1  the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease 无痛苦致死(术)，安乐死(术) 2  such a death 安乐死，安然去世 [Greek (as EU-, thanatos ‘death’)]

eutherian /ju:ˈθiəriən/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a mammal of the infraclass Eutheria, giving nourishment to its unborn young through a placenta (as in humans) 真哺乳亚纲动物 ●adj.  of or relating to this infraclass, which includes all mammals except marsupials and monotremes 真哺乳亚纲的(包括除有袋类动物和单孔类动物外的所有哺乳动物) [EU- + Greek thēr ‘wild beast’]

eutrophic /ju:ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒf-/ adj. (of a lake etc.) rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen (指湖泊等)富营养的，高度营养化的 □ eutrophicate  v. tr.  □ eutrophication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ eutrophy  /ˈju:trəfi/ n.   [eutrophy from Greek eutrophia (as EU-, trephō ‘nourish’)]

eV abbr. [缩略]  electronvolt 

EVA abbr. (in astronautics) extravehicular activity [缩略] (宇航中的)舱外活动

evacuate /iˈvækjʊeit/ v. tr.  1  a  remove (people) from a place of danger to stay elsewhere for the duration of the danger 疏散；撤离(人)；转移(至安全地区)b  empty (a place) in this way (地区)疏散，(地区)撤空 2  make empty (a vessel of air etc.) 排空；遣空(有气体的容器等) 3 (of troops) withdraw from (a place) (军队等)撤离，撤出(某地) 4  a  empty (the bowels or other bodily organ) (肠管或脏器的)排空，排完b  discharge (faeces etc.) 排泄(粪便等) □ evacuant  n. & adj.  □ evacuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evacuative  /-kjʊətiv/ adj. & n.  □ evacuator  n.   [Latin evacuare (as E-, vacuus ‘empty’)]

evacuee /iˌvækju:ˈi:/ n.  a person evacuated from a place of danger 撤离人员，被疏散者

evade /iˈveid/ v. tr.  1  a  escape from, avoid, esp. by guile or trickery 逃走，躲避(尤指通过施用诡计或骗术而逃脱)b  avoid doing (one's duty etc.) 躲避，逃避，规避(责任、义务等)c  avoid answering (a question) or yielding to (an argument) 回避(回答)；屈从(争论) 2  a  avoid paying (tax) by illegitimate presentation of one's finances (通过谎报财政情况来)逃(税)，漏(税)b  defeat the intention of (a law etc.), esp. while complying with its letter 挫败、规避(法律等) (尤指通过遵守法律字面意义) 3 (of a thing) elude or baffle (a person) (某事使某人)为难；困惑 □ evadable  adj.  □ evader  n.   [French évader from Latin evadere (as E-, vadere vas- ‘go’)]

evaginate /iˈvædʒineit/ v. tr. Med. & Physiol.  turn (a tubular organ) inside out 【医】【生理】(管状器官)外翻，使外翻 □ evagination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin evaginare (as E-, vaginare as VAGINA)]

evaluate /iˈvæljʊeit/ v. tr.  1  assess, appraise 评估，评价 2  a  find or state the number or amount of 估值，估数b  find a numerical expression for 求…的数值；以数表示 □ evaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evaluative  /-ətiv/ adj.  □ evaluator  n.   [back-formation from evaluation, from French évaluation from évaluer (as E-, VALUE)]

evanesce /i:vəˈnes, ev-/ v. intr.  1  fade from sight; disappear (从视觉中)消失，隐没 2  become effaced 抹掉；消散 [Latin evanescere (as E-, vanus ‘empty’)]

evanescent /i:vəˈnes(ə)nt, ev-/ adj. (of an impression or appearance etc.) quickly fading (指表情或外观)迅速消失的，很快消散的 □ evanescence  n.  □ evanescently  adv.  

evangel /iˈvæn(d)ʒel, -(d)ʒ(ə)l/ n.  1 archaic [古义]  a  the gospel 福音书b  any of the four Gospels 四福音书之一 2  a basic doctrine or set of principles 基本原则或方针，纲领 3 N. Amer. [北美]  = EVANGELIST  [Middle English via Old French evangile and ecclesiastical Latin evangelium from Greek euaggelion ‘good news’ (as EU-, ANGEL)]

evangelic /i:vænˈdʒelik, ev-/ adj.  = EVANGELICAL 

evangelical /i:vænˈdʒelik(ə)l, ev-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or according to the teaching of the gospel or the Christian religion 按福音书教义的，按基督教教义的 2  of a branch of Protestant Christianity emphasizing the authority of Scripture, personal conversion, and the doctrine of salvation by faith in the Atonement 新教的，原罪主义教派的 3  zealously advocating a cause (对事业)狂热的，热情鼓吹的 ●n.  a member of the evangelical tradition 信奉福音主义传统者 □ evangelicalism  n.  □ evangelically  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin evangelicus from ecclesiastical Greek euaggelikos (as EVANGEL)]

evangelism /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the preaching or promulgation of the gospel 福音传道或布道 2  zealous advocacy of a cause or doctrine (对事业或原则的)狂热鼓吹，热心宣传

evangelist /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)list/ n.  1  any of the writers of the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) 四福音书(马太、马可、路加、约翰)的作者 2  a preacher of the gospel 福音传教士，福音传道者 3  a lay person doing missionary work 传教布道的平信徒

evangelistic /iˌvæn(d)ʒəˈlistik/ adj.  1  of or relating to evangelism 福音传道的；有关福音传道的 2  of the four evangelists 四福音书作者

evangelize /iˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  preach the gospel to 向…宣讲福音，向…布道 2  convert (a person) to Christianity 使…信奉基督教，使…成为教徒 □ evangelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evangelizer  n.   [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin evangelizare from Greek euaggelizomai (as EVANGEL)]

evaporate /iˈvæpəreit/ v.  1 intr.  turn from solid or liquid into vapour (使固体或液休)汽化，蒸发，升腾 2 intr. & tr.  lose or cause to lose moisture as vapour 散发湿气；散发蒸气 3 intr. & tr.  disappear or cause to disappear 消失；使消失  our courage evaporated  我们的勇气消失了 □ evaporable  adj.  □ evaporation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evaporative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ evaporator  n.   [Latin evaporare (as E-, vaporare as VAPOUR)]

evaporated milk n.  milk concentrated by partial evaporation 淡炼乳，浓缩奶

evaporite /iˈvæpərait/ n. Geol.  a natural salt or mineral deposit formed by evaporation of water 【地质】蒸发盐，蒸发岩(水分蒸发后自然沉淀的盐分或矿物) [EVAPORATE + -ITE1]

evasion /iˈveiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of evading 逃避，躲避，规避 2  a  a subterfuge or prevaricating excuse 托词，搪塞的借口b  an evasive answer 推托的回答，敷衍了事的回答 [Middle English via Old French from Latin evasio -onis (as EVADE)]

evasive /iˈveisiv/ adj.  1  seeking to evade something 逃避的，躲避的，回避的 2  not direct in one's answers etc. (回答)转弯抹角的，间接的 3  enabling or effecting evasion 供逃避的，供躲避的  evasive action  逃避行动 4 (of a person) tending to evasion; habitually practising evasion (指人)倾向于逃避的，总爱逃避的 □ evasively  adv.  □ evasiveness  n.  

Eve /i:v/   伊夫 [人名]

eve /i:v/ n.  1  the evening or day before a church festival or any date or event …的前夜  Christmas Eve  圣诞夜 the eve of the funeral  该葬礼的前夜 2  the time just before anything 前夕  the eve of the election  选举前夕 3 archaic  evening [古义]夜晚 [Middle English, = EVEN2]

evection /iˈvekʃ(ə)n/ n. Astron.  a perturbation of the moon's motion caused by the sun's attraction 【天】(由太阳引力造成的)出差，月动差 [Latin evectio (as E-, vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

Evelyn /ˈi:vlin, ˈevlin/   伊夫林 [人名]

even1 /ˈi:v(ə)n/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (evener, evenest)  1  level; flat and smooth 平的，扁平的；平稳的 2  a  uniform in quality; constant 一样的；统一的b  equal in number, amount, value, score, etc. 等量的；等值的c  equally balanced 平衡的，均衡的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  in the same plane or line 在同一平面或同一行的 4 (of a person's temper etc.) equable, calm (指人的脾气等)平静的，心平气和的，镇静的 5  a (of a number such as 4, 6) divisible by two without a remainder 偶数的b  bearing such a number 成双的，偶数的  no parking on even dates  双日禁止停车c  not involving fractions; exact 无小数的，整的  in even dozens  整打的 ●adv.  1  used to invite comparison of the stated assertion, negation, etc., with an implied one that is less strong or remarkable (用在表示程度，否定等含义的比较句中)甚至，更  never even opened  [let alone read] the letter  这封信甚至都没有启封(更甭说读了) does he even suspect  [not to say realize] the danger?  他甚至都没有怀疑过(更不要说会认识到)有危险 ran even faster  [not just as fast as before] 跑得比以前更快(不仅仅和以前一样快) even if my watch is right we shall be late  [later if it is slow] 即使我的表是准的，我们也将迟到(如果表慢的话，我们就更晚了) 2  used to introduce an extreme case 表示极端情况  even you must realize it  就是你也必须认识到这点 it might even cost £ 100  费用甚至可能会高达 100 英镑 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up or out)  make or become even 使平整，使平，扯平 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) archaic  treat as equal or comparable [古义]平等对待，使平等，使可比较 □ even as   at the very moment that 甚至当…时□ even now   1  now as well as before 甚至现在…；即使现在… 2  at this very moment 此时此刻□ even so   1  notwithstanding that; nevertheless 尽管这样 2  quite so 非常，特别 3  in that case as well as in others 往往，通常□ even though   despite the fact that 尽管，即使□ get (or be) even with   have one's revenge on 摆平了，报仇了□ of even date  Law & Commerce  of the same date 【法律】【商业】同日，同期□ on an even keel   1 (of a ship or aircraft) not listing (船或飞机)未倾斜的 2 (of a plan or person) untroubled (指计划或人)未受干扰的，平稳的□ evenly  adv.  □ evenness  /ˈi:v(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English efen, efne]

even2 /ˈi:v(ə)n/ n. poet.  evening [诗]夜晚，傍晚 [Old English œˉfen]

even break n. colloq.  an equal chance [口]平等机会，平等机遇

even chance n.  an equal chance of success or failure (成功或失败)机会均等，(胜败)机会相当

even-handed adj.  impartial, fair 公平的，公正的，不偏不倚的 □ even-handedly  adv.  □ even-handedness  n.  

evening /ˈi:v(ə)niŋ/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the end part of the day, esp. from about 6 p.m., or sunset if earlier, to bedtime 晚上，夜间，(尤指)从下午 6 点钟或日落时到入睡前的那段时间  this evening  今晚 during the evening  夜晚期间 evening meal  晚饭 2  this time spent in a particular way 以某种特别方式度过的夜晚  had a lively evening  过了一个愉快的夜晚 3  a time compared with this, esp. the last part of a person's life 暮年，晚年 ●int. colloq. [口]  = good evening (see 见 GOOD adj. 14)  [Old English œˉfnung, related to EVEN2]

evening dress n.  formal dress for evening wear 晚礼服

evening primrose n.  any plant of the genus Oenothera with pale yellow flowers that open in the evening, and from whose seeds an oil is extracted for medicinal use 月见草(属植物)

evening star n.  a planet, esp. Venus, when visible in the west after sunset 昏星，(尤指日落后出现在西部天空的)金星

even money n. & adj. ●n.  betting odds offering the gambler the chance of winning the amount he or she stake 与赌博者下注相等的赌注，同额赌注 ●adj.  equally likely to happen or not (发生或不发生)机会均等的  it's even money he'll fail to arrive  他来与不来的可能性相当，他恐怕不会来了

evens /ˈi:v(ə)nz/ n. pl. Brit. [英]  = EVEN MONEY 

evensong /ˈi:v(ə)nsɒŋ/ n.  a service of evening prayer, esp. that of Anglican churches 晚祷(尤指英国圣公会的) [EVEN2 + SONG]

event /iˈvent/ n.  1  a thing that happens or takes place, esp. one of importance 事件，发生的事(尤指较重要的) 2  a  the fact of a thing's occurring 事件的发生b  a result or outcome 结果，后果 3  an item in a sports programme, or the programme as a whole 体育比赛项目 4 Physics  a single occurrence of a process, e.g. the ionization of one atom 【物理学】事件，(某一过程的)发生(如一个原子的电离过程) 5  something on the result of which money is staked 下了赌注的事件 □ at all events (or in any event)   whatever happens 无论如何，在任何情况下□ in the event   as it turns (or turned) out 事实表明，结果，到头来□ in the event of   if (a specified thing) happens 如果发生…事，在…情况下  in the event of his death  如果他去世了 in the event of our losing  如果我们输了的话□ in the event that  disp.  if it happens that [异议]如果，一旦 [Latin eventus from evenire event- ‘happen’ (as E-, venire ‘come’)]■Usage 用法说明 In the event that is considered awkward by some people. It can usually be avoided by rephrasing, e.g. in the event that it rains can be replaced by in the event of rain. 词组 in the event that 常被一些人看作是蹩脚的用法。可以用 in the event of 来替换，如 in the event that it rains 可改为 in the event of rain 。 

even-tempered adj.  not easily annoyed or angered; equable 脾气平和的；不易激动的

eventer /iˈventə/ n. Brit.  a horse or rider who takes part in horse trials [英]马术比赛中的马或骑手 [EVENT 3 as in three day event]

eventful /iˈventfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  marked by noteworthy events 出现事件的，引人注目的 □ eventfully  adv.  □ eventfulness  n.  

event horizon n.  the gravitational boundary enclosing a black hole, from which no light escapes 视界，事界(天文学概念：黑洞中看不见的引力边缘，连光线也无法从中逃逸)

eventide /i:v(ə)ntaid/ n. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  = EVENING  [Old English œˉfentīd (as EVEN2, TIDE)]

eventide home n. esp. Brit.  a home for the elderly, originally one run by the Salvation Army [尤英]老人院，敬老院(最早由基督教救世军经办)

eventing /iˈventiŋ/ n. Brit.  participation in horse trials, esp. cross-country, dressage, and showjumping [英]参加马术比赛，(尤指)参加越野赛、盛装舞步、跳越障碍等全部比赛 [EVENT 3 as in three-day event]

eventless /iˈventlis/ adj.  without noteworthy or remarkable events 寻常的，平淡的，没有惊人事件的

eventual /iˈven(t)ʃʊəl/ adj.  occurring or existing in due course or at last; ultimate 最终的，最后的 □ eventually  adv.   [as EVENT, on the pattern of actual]

eventuality /iˌven(t)ʃʊˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a possible event or outcome 可能发生的事件(或可能产生的结果)

eventuate /iˈven(t)ʃʊeit/ v. intr. formal [正式]  1  turn out in a specified way as the result 以…为结果，产生…的结果 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  result 结果，结局 □ eventuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [as EVENT, on the pattern of actuate]

ever /ˈevə/ adv.  1  at all times; always 永远；始终  ever hopeful  永怀希望 ever after  从此以后 2  at any time 曾经，以往任何时候  have you ever been to Paris?  你去过巴黎吗？ nothing ever happens  从来没发生过什么事 as good as ever  像从前一样好 3  as an emphatic word 用作强调词 :a  in any way; at all 到底；究竟  how ever did you do it?  你到底是怎么做的？ when will they ever learn?  他们究竟什么时候才能学会呀？b (prec. by 前接 as)  in any manner possible 尽可能  be as quick as ever you can  尽可能地快跑 4 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  constantly 经常，时常  ever-present  始终存在的 ever-recurring  经常重现的 5 (foll. by 后跟 so, such) Brit. colloq.  very; very much [英口]非常；很  is ever so easy  再容易不过了 was ever such a nice man  是非常好的人 thanks ever so  非常感谢 6 (foll. by 后跟 compar.)  constantly, continually; increasingly 经常地，不断地；连续地  grew ever larger  不断长大 ever more sophisticated  越来越精致 □ did you ever?  colloq.  did you ever hear or see the like? [口]你从前听(见)过这种事吗？□ ever since   throughout the period since 从…时起，此后一直□ for ever   1  for all future time 永远 2 colloq.  for a long time (cf. 参见 FOREVER) [口]长期，长久 [Old English œˉfre]■Usage 用法说明 When ever is used with a question word for emphasis it is written separately (see sense 3). When used with a relative pronoun or adverb to give it indefinite or general force, ever is written as one word with the relative pronoun or adverb, e.g. However it's done, it's difficult. 当 ever 与疑问词一起，用来表示强调语气时，它与该词分开写(见释义 3) 。当与关系代词或副词一起用来表示一种不确指或泛指的语气时，它与关系代词或副词是合在一起的。如 However it's done, it's difficult (无论怎么做，都很困难)。 

evergreen /ˈevəɡri:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  always green or fresh 常青的，永葆青春的；常绿的 2 (of a plant) retaining green leaves throughout the year (植物)常绿的，常青的 ●n.  an evergreen plant (cf. 参见 DECIDUOUS) 常绿植物

everlasting /evəˈlɑ:stiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting for ever 永存的，长久不衰的，永恒的 2  lasting for a long time, esp. so as to become unwelcome 长期存在的，没完没了的(尤指存在时间太长以致变得不受欢迎) 3 (of flowers) keeping their shape and colour when dried (花)干后保持形状和颜色的 ●n.  1  eternity 永久，不朽，永存 2  = IMMORTELLE  □ everlastingly  adv.  □ everlastingness  n.  

evermore /evəˈmɔ:/ adv.  for ever; always 永久；总是，永远(地)

evert /iˈvɜ:t/ v. tr. Physiol.  turn (an organ etc.) outwards or inside out 【生理】使(器官等)外翻 □ eversion  n.   [Latin evertere (as E-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

every /ˈevri/ det.  1  each without exception in a group or collection of things or people (群体中的)每一个  heard every word  听到每个词 watched her every movement  注视她的每个行动 2  each at a specified interval in a series 每隔…的；每…之中的  take every third one  隔两个取一个 comes every four days  每 4 天来一次 3  all possible; the utmost degree of 所有可能；最…的  there is every prospect of success  胜利是一定的了 □ every bit as  colloq. (in comparisons) quite as [口] (用于比较)处处，全都  every bit as good  处处都不错□ every now and again (or now and then)   from time to time 不时地，时常□ every other   each second in a series 隔一个，每隔一个  every other day  隔天□ every so often   at intervals; occasionally 偶尔；有时□ every time  colloq. [口]  1  without exception 无一例外，每次都… 2  certainly 肯定地□ every which way  N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  in all directions 四面八方，到处，处处 2  in a disorderly manner 杂乱，纷乱 [Old English œˉfre œˉlc ‘ever each’]

everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ pron.  every person 每位，每个人，人人

everyday /ˈevridei, -ˈdei/ adj.  1  occurring every day 每天的，天天的 2  suitable for or used on ordinary days 日常的，日用的，每日的 3  commonplace, usual 通常的，平常的

Everyman /ˈevrimæn/ n.  the ordinary or typical human being 普通人，大众，老百姓 [the name of the principal character in a 15th-c. morality play]

every one n.  each one (see also 另见 EVERYONE) 每一个

everyone /ˈevriwʌn/ pron.  every person; everybody 每人，每位，人人

everything /ˈevriθiŋ/ pron.  1  all things; all the things of a group or class 每样事物；(群体的)全体，全部 2 colloq. [口]  a  a great deal 大量，许多  he owes her everything  他欠她很多b  the essential consideration 最重要的，最关键的，最需要考虑的  speed is everything  速度就是一切 □ have everything  colloq.  possess every attraction, advantage, etc. [口]具有各种吸引力的，非常有优势的

everywhere /ˈevriwɛə/ adv.  1  in every place 处处，每处 2 colloq.  in many places [口]在许多地方

evict /iˈvikt/ v. tr.  expel (a tenant) from a property by legal process (通过法律程序将房客驱)逐出，撵走 □ eviction  n.  □ evictor  n.   [Latin evincere evict- (as E-, vincere ‘conquer’)]

evidence /ˈevid(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, of)  the available facts, circumstances, etc. supporting or otherwise a belief, proposition, etc., or indicating whether or not a thing is true or valid 证据，证明，事实根据 2 Law 【法律】  a  information given personally or drawn from a document etc. and tending to prove a fact or proposition 口供，证据，证明，依据b  statements or proofs admissible as testimony in a law court 证言，证词；证物 3  clearness, obviousness 明显，清楚 ●v. tr.  be evidence of; attest 证明；证实 □ call in evidence  Law  summon (a person) as a witness 【法律】传唤(证人)□ in evidence   noticeable, conspicuous 可看见的；明显的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin evidentia (as EVIDENT)]

evident /ˈevid(ə)nt/ adj.  plain or obvious (visually or intellectually); manifest 清楚的；明显的，显而易见的；明白的 [Middle English from Old French evident or Latin evidēre evident- (as E-, vidēre ‘see’)]

evidential /eviˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of or providing evidence 证据的；提供证明的，可证实的 □ evidentially  adv.  

evidentiary /eviˈdenʃ(ə)ri/ adj.  = EVIDENTIAL 

evidently /ˈevid(ə)ntli/ adv.  1  plainly, obviously 明显地，清淅地，清楚地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence) it is plain that; it would seem that (修饰全句)显而易见；很显然…  evidently, we're too late  很显然，我们晚了 3 (said in reply) so it appears 这么说，看起来(回答时用)

evil /ˈi:v(ə)l, -vil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  morally bad; wicked 坏的，邪恶的；罪恶的 2  harmful or tending to harm, esp. intentionally or characteristically 有害的，造成伤害的；加害于…的 3  disagreeable or unpleasant 烦人的，令人不快的，坏的  has an evil temper  脾气坏 4  unlucky; causing misfortune 倒霉的；不走运的，背运的  evil days  倒霉的日子 ●n.  1  an evil thing; an instance of something evil 邪恶的事物 2  evil quality; wickedness, harm 不道德；邪恶；有害 □ speak evil of   slander 诽谤，讲…的坏话□ evilly  adv.  □ evilness  n.   [Old English yfel, from Germanic]

evildoer /ˈi:v(ə)ldu:ə/ n.  a person who does evil 恶人，坏人 □ evildoing  n.  

evil eye n.  a gaze or stare superstitiously believed to be able to cause material harm 邪恶的目光，恶目(迷信的说法认为这种目光能给人带来实际的伤害)

evince /iˈvins/ v. tr.  1  indicate or make evident 表明，使清楚 2  show that one has (a quality) 展现，展示(某种性质) □ evincible  adj.  □ evincive  adj.   [Latin evincere: see EVICT]

eviscerate /iˈvisəreit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  disembowel 切除…的肠子，除去…的内脏 2  empty or deprive of essential contents 去掉基本内容，排空 □ evisceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin eviscerare eviscerat- (as E-, VISCERA)]

evocative /iˈvɒkətiv/ adj.  tending to evoke (esp. feelings or memories) 会唤起的，会引起的(尤指情感或记忆) □ evocatively  adv.  □ evocativeness  n.  

evoke /iˈvəʊk/ v. tr.  1  inspire or draw forth (memories, feelings, a response, etc.) 刺激，激发，引起(记忆、情感、反应等) 2  = INVOKE 3  □ evocation  /evəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ evoker  n.   [Latin evocare (as E-, vocare ‘call’)]

evolute /ˈi:vəlu:t, -lju:t, ˈev-/ n. (in full 全称 evolute curve) Math.  a curve which is the locus of the centres of curvature of another curve that is its involute 【数】渐屈线 [Latin evolutus, past part. of evolvere (as EVOLVE)]

evolution /i:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-, ˈev-/ n.  1  gradual development, esp. from a simple to a more complex form 进化，演化(尤指从简单到复杂) 2  a process by which species develop from earlier forms, as an explanation of their origins 生物进化 3  the appearance or presentation of events etc. in due succession (事件等)进展，进程  the evolution of the plot  情节的渐次展开 4  a change in the disposition of troops or ships 改变(军队或舰船的)部署，(军队的)调动 5  the giving off or evolving of gas, heat, etc. (气体、热量等的)排放 6  an opening out 排放，泄出 7  the unfolding of a curve (曲线的)展开 8 Math.  the extraction of a root from any given power (cf. 参见 INVOLUTION 6) 【数】开方 □ evolutional  adj.  □ evolutionally  adv.  □ evolutionary  adj.  □ evolutionarily  adv.   [Latin evolutio ‘unrolling’ (as EVOLVE)]

evolutionist /i:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)nist, -ˈlju:-, e-/ n.  a person who believes in evolution as explaining the origin of species 生物进化论者，信奉进化论者 □ evolutionism  n.  □ evolutionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

evolve /iˈvɒlv/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  develop gradually by a natural process (使)逐步形成；进化，演化 2 tr.  work out or devise (a theory, plan, etc.) 产生，想出(理论、计划等) 3 intr. & tr.  unfold; open out 打开；展示 4 tr.  give off (gas, heat, etc.) 发射，发散，发出(气体、热等) □ evolvable  adj.  □ evolvement  n.   [Latin evolvere evolut- (as E-, volvere ‘roll’)]

evzone /ˈevzəʊn/ n.  a member of a select Greek infantry regiment 希腊精锐步兵团士兵 [modern Greek euzōnos from Greek, = dressed for exercise (as EU-, zōnē ‘belt’)]

ewe /ju:/ n.  a female sheep 母羊，雌性绵羊 [Old English ēowu, from Germanic]

ewe lamb n.  a person's most cherished possession (2 Sam. 12) (某人)心爱的物品，最衷爱的物品

ewe-necked adj. (of a horse) having a thin concave neck (马)有细凹脖的

ewer /ˈju:ə/ n.  a large pitcher or water jug with a wide mouth 广口水罐 [Middle English from Old Norman French eviere, Old French aiguiere, ultimately via Latin aquarius ‘of water’ from aqua ‘water’]

ex1 /eks/ prep.  1 (of goods) sold from (货物)从…售出的  ex-works  按出厂价 2 (of stocks or shares) without, excluding (股票)不含…的，非…的 [Latin, = out of]

ex2 /eks/ n. colloq.  a former husband or wife [口]前夫(或前妻) [absol. use of EX-1 2]

ex-1 /eks/ prefix (also e- before some consonants, ef- before f 在某些辅音前亦作 e-, f 前亦作 ef-)  1  forming verbs meaning 构成动词，表示 :a  out, forth (exclude 把…除外 ; exit 退出) 出，向外，向前b  upward (extol 颂扬，吹捧) 向上c  thoroughly (excruciate 使苦恼) 完全，彻底d  bring into a state (exasperate 激怒) 使处于…状态e  remove or free from (expatriate 把…逐出圈外 ; exonerate 开释) 移走，离开，自由 2  forming nouns from titles of office, status, etc., meaning ‘formerly’ (ex-convict 前罪犯 ; ex-president 前任总统 ; ex-wife 前妻) 构成名词和称呼等，一起用来表示“前…” [Latin, from ex ‘out of’]

ex-2 /eks/ prefix  out (exodus 退出) 出去，外面 [Greek, from ex ‘out of’]

exa- /ˈeksə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1018 [构词成分]表示“ 10 的 18 次方的” [perhaps from HEXA-]

exacerbate /iɡˈzæsəbeit, ekˈsæs-/ v. tr.  1  make (pain, anger, etc.) worse 使(伤痛、气愤等)加剧，恶化 2  irritate (a person) 惹(人)生气，使恼怒 □ exacerbation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exacerbare (as EX-1, acerbus ‘bitter’)]

exact /iɡˈzækt, eɡ-/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  accurate; correct in all details 确实的；准确的  an exact description  准确的描述 2  a  precise 准确的，精确的b (of a person) tending to precision (指人)做事精确的 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, of)  1  demand and enforce payment of (money, fees, etc.) from a person 索要钱款，催账 2  a  demand; insist on (坚持)要求b (of circumstances) require urgently (环境)急切需要，迫切要求、需要 □ exactable  adj.  □ exactitude  n.  □ exactness  n.  □ exactor  n.   [Latin exigere exact- (as EX-1, agere ‘drive’)]

exacting /iɡˈzæktiŋ, eɡ-/ adj.  1  making great demands 苛求的，过分要求的 2  calling for much effort 费力的，费劲的 □ exactingly  adv.  □ exactingness  n.  

exaction /iɡˈzækʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exacting; the process of being exacted 苛求，艰难，费力 2  a  an illegal or exorbitant demand; an extortion 勒索，敲诈；强行索要b  a sum or thing exacted 强索的钱款，强索之物，敲诈的钱款 [Middle English from Latin exactio (as EXACT)]

exactly /iɡˈzæk(t)li, eɡ-/ adv.  1  accurately, precisely; in an exact manner 准确地；精确地  worked it out exactly  准确地将其算出 2  in exact terms 确切地，严格地  exactly when did it happen?  确切地说，是什么时候发生的？ 3 (said in reply) quite so; I quite agree 的确，没错；我非常同意(用于回答) □ not exactly  colloq. [口]  1  by no means 根本不是，一点儿也不 2  not precisely 不确切，不准确

exact science n.  a science admitting of absolute or quantitative precision 精密科学

exaggerate /iɡˈzædʒəreit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give an impression of (a thing), esp. in speech or writing, that makes it seem larger or greater etc. than it really is 夸张，夸大(尤指在说话或写文章中) 2  enlarge or alter beyond normal or due proportions 夸大，吹牛  spoke with exaggerated politeness  讲话过于谦恭 □ exaggeratedly  adv.  □ exaggeratingly  adv.  □ exaggeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exaggerative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ exaggerator  n.   [Latin exaggerare (as EX-1, aggerare ‘heap up’ from agger ‘heap’)]

exalt /iɡˈzɔ:lt, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1  raise in rank or power etc. 提升级别(或权力) 2  praise highly 高度赞颂 3 (usu. as 通常作 exalted adj.)  make lofty or noble 使崇高，使高贵，使高雅  exalted aims  崇高的目的 an exalted style  高雅的格调 □ exaltedly  adv.  □ exaltedness  n.   [Middle English from Latin exaltare (as EX-1, altus ‘high’)]

exaltation /eɡzɔ:lˈteiʃ(ə)n, eks-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exalting; the state of being exalted 晋升；晋级 2  elation; rapturous emotion 兴高采烈；得意洋洋 [Middle English from Old French exaltation or Late Latin exaltatio (as EXALT)]

exam /iɡˈzæm, eɡ-/ n. colloq. [口]  = EXAMINATION 3b 

examination /iɡˌzæmiˈneiʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of examining; the state of being examined 检查；被检查 2  a detailed inspection 详查，细查，勘察 3  a  the testing of the proficiency or knowledge of students or other candidates for a qualification by oral or written questions (学业)考试，(资格)考试，(水平)考试b  a test of this kind 测验，考试 4  an instance of examining or being examined medically (体)检，查(体) 5 Law  the formal questioning of the accused or of a witness in court 【法律】讯问，法庭调查 □ examinational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin examinatio -onis (as EXAMINE)]

examination paper n.  1  the printed questions in an examination 考卷，试卷，考题 2  a candidate's set of answers 答卷

examine /iɡˈzæmin, eɡ-/ v.  1 tr.  enquire into the nature or condition etc. of 检查，调查，查看，探查 2 tr.  look closely or analytically at 仔细勘察，检查分析 3 tr.  test the proficiency of, esp. by examination (see 见 EXAMINATION 3a) 测试…的水平(尤指通过考试检验) 4 tr.  check the health of (a patient) by inspection or experiment 检查(病人)健康状况 5 tr. Law  formally question (the accused or a witness) in court 【法律】(对被告或证人作的)法庭讯问 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  inquire 询问，提问 □ examinable  adj.  □ examinee  /-ˈni:/ n.  □ examiner  n.   [Middle English via Old French examiner from Latin examinare ‘weigh, test’, from examen ‘tongue of a balance’, ultimately from exigere ‘examine, weigh’: see EXACT]

example /iɡˈzɑ:mp(ə)l, eɡ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing characteristic of its kind or illustrating a general rule 例子，事例；范例 2  a person, thing, or piece of conduct, regarded in terms of its fitness to be imitated or likelihood of being imitated 榜样，样板，典型  must set him an example  必须为他树一个榜样 you are a bad example  你是个坏典型 3  a circumstance or treatment seen as a warning to others; a person so treated 警示；警告  shall make an example of you  将用你来警示他人 4  a problem or exercise designed to illustrate a rule 示例，示范 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  serve as an example of 作榜样，做示范 □ for example   by way of illustration 例如，举例 [Middle English via Old French from Latin exemplum (as EXEMPT)]

ex ante /eks ˈænti/ adj. Econ.  based on expected results, forecast (cf. 参见 EX POST) 【经】根据预期结果的，预期的 [modern Latin, = ‘from before’]

exanthema /ikˈsænθimə, eksænˈθi:mə/ n. Med.  a skin rash accompanying any eruptive disease or fever 【医】(因急症或高烧引起的)疹，疹子 [Late Latin from Greek exanthēma ‘eruption’, from exantheō (as EX-2, anthos ‘blossom’)]

exarch /ˈeksɑ:k/ n.  in the Orthodox Church, a bishop lower in rank than a patriarch and having jurisdiction wider than the metropolitan of a diocese (东正教的)督主教(地位比宗主教低，但比都市教区有更广的权限) □ exarchate  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek exarkhos (as EX-2, arkhos ‘ruler’)]

exasperate /iɡˈzæsp(ə)reit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1 (often as 常作 exasperated adj. or exasperating adj.)  irritate intensely; infuriate 使气愤；激怒 2  make (a pain, ill feeling, etc.) worse 使(疼痛、疾病、情感等)加剧，使恶化 □ exasperatedly  adv.  □ exasperatingly  adv.  □ exasperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exasperare exasperat- (as EX-1, asper ‘rough’)]

ex cathedra /eks kəˈθi:drə/ adj. & adv.  with full authority (esp. of a papal pronouncement, implying infallibility as doctrinally defined) 绝对权威的(尤指教皇的声明) [Latin, = from the (teacher's) chair]

excavate /ˈekskəveit/ v. tr.  1  a  make (a hole or channel) by digging 掘(洞)；开挖(沟渠)b  dig out material from (the ground) (从地下)挖掘，挖出 2  reveal or extract by digging 挖开；掘取 3 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Archaeol.  dig systematically into the ground to explore (a site) 【考古】挖掘(遗址) □ excavation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ excavator  n.   [Latin excavare (as EX-1, cavus ‘hollow’)]

exceed /ikˈsi:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by an amount 常后跟数额)  be more or greater than (in number, extent, etc.) (数目、范围等)超过，多于，大于 2  go beyond or do more than is warranted by (a set limit, esp. of one's instructions or rights) 越出权(限；) (做事)过头，过火 3  surpass, excel (a person or achievement) 出众，出色；胜过(他人) [Middle English via Old French exceder from Latin excedere (as EX-1, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

exceeding /ikˈsi:diŋ, ek-/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  surpassing in amount or degree 超出的，超越的 2  pre-eminent 显赫的，杰出的 ●adv. archaic [古义]  = EXCEEDINGLY 2 

exceedingly /ikˈsi:diŋli, ek-/ adv.  1  very; to a great extent 非常地；极其地 2  surpassingly, pre-eminently 出众地，显赫地

excel /ikˈsel, ek-/ v. (excelled, excelling) (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at)  1 tr.  be superior to 超过，优于，强于 2 intr.  be pre-eminent or the most outstanding 出众，特别优秀，胜出  excels at games  比赛成绩优秀 □ excel oneself   surpass one's previous performance 超越自我，超越自己以往的表现 [Middle English from Latin excellere (as EX-1, celsus ‘lofty’)]

excellence /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of excelling; surpassing merit or quality 优秀；卓越，出色 2  the activity etc. in which a person excels 擅长之事，出众之处 [Middle English from Old French excellence or Latin excellentia (as EXCEL)]

Excellency /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. prec. by 通常前接 Your, His, Her, Their)  a title used in addressing or referring to certain high officials, e.g. ambassadors and governors, and (in some countries) senior Church dignitaries 阁下(对高级官员的称呼，如大使、州长及(某些国家)教会中的显要) [Middle English from Latin excellentia (as EXCEL)]

excellent /ˈeks(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  extremely good; pre-eminent 极为出色的；特别优秀的，杰出的 □ excellently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as EXCEL)]

excelsior /ekˈselsiɔ:/ int. & n. ●int.  higher, outstanding (esp. as a motto or trade mark) 高级，高档(尤指作为题词或商标) ●n.  softwood shavings used for stuffing, packing, etc. 软木屑，刨花(用作包装物、充填物等) [Latin, comparative of excelsus ‘lofty’]

excentric var.  of ECCENTRIC  (in technical senses) ECCENTRIC (用于表示技术的各释义)的变体

except /ikˈsept, ek-/ v., prep. & conj. ●v. tr. (often as 常作 excepted adj. placed after object 放在宾语之后)  exclude from a general statement, condition, etc. 排除，将…排除在外  excepted him from the amnesty  特赦将他除外 present company excepted  除去当前的公司 ●prep. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or that + clause)  not including; other than 除了；不包括  all failed except him  除了他，其他人全都失败了 all here except for John  除了约翰，大家都到了 is all right except that it is too long  除了有点太长，其他都不错 ●conj. archaic  unless [古义]除非  except he be born again  除非他再生一回 [Middle English from Latin excipere except- (as EX-1, capere ‘take’)]

excepting /ikˈseptiŋ, ek-/ prep. & conj. ●prep.  = EXCEPTprep.  ●conj. archaic [古义]  = EXCEPTconj. ■Usage 用法说明 Excepting should be used only after not and always; otherwise, except should be used. Excepting 只能在 not 和 always 后面用，其他情况下则需用 except 。 

exception /ikˈsepʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of excepting; the state of being excepted 例外；除外  made an exception in my case  我为例外 2  a thing that has been or will be excepted 例外的事，在…之外的事 3  an instance that does not follow a rule (规则等的)例外 □ take exception  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  object; be resentful (about) 反对；不赞成□ with the exception of   except; not including 除了(…之外) [Middle English via Old French from Latin exceptio -onis (as EXCEPT)]

exceptionable /ikˈsepʃənəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  open to objection; to which exception may be taken 可反对的；可除外的 □ exceptionably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Exceptionable should not be confused with exceptional. Note the difference in meaning between Her new book was unexceptionable (i.e. it contained nothing that would cause objections) and Her new book was unexceptional (i.e. it was mediocre). 不要将 exceptionable 与 exceptional 混淆。请比较以下两句 : Her new book was unexceptionable (她的新书不会引起争议(书中没有什么能引起争论的内容)) ； Her new book was unexceptional (她的新书没有什么特别之处(书很一般)) 。 

exceptional /ikˈsepʃ(ə)n(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  forming an exception 特别的，与众不同的 2  unusual; not typical 不寻常的；不一般的  exceptional circumstances  不寻常的情况 3  unusually good; outstanding 杰出的；出众的，非凡的 □ exceptionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ exceptionally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EXCEPTIONABLE. 见 EXCEPTIONABLE 的用法说明。 

excerpt n. & v. ●n. /ˈeksɜ:pt/  a short extract from a book, film, piece of music, etc. (书、影片、音乐等的)节选，片断 ●v. tr. /ikˈsɜ:pt, ek-/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  take an excerpt or excerpts from (a book etc.) 节选，摘引，摘录(片断) 2  take (an extract) from a book etc. (从书等中)作摘要 □ excerptible  /-ˈsɜ:ptib(ə)l/ adj.  □ excerption  /-ˈsɜ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excerpere excerpt- (as EX-1, carpere ‘pluck’)]

excess /ikˈses, ek-, ˈekses/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the state or an instance of exceeding 超过，超越，胜出 2  the amount by which one quantity or number exceeds another 多于，超过 3  exceeding of a proper or permitted limit 超量，过量；超限 4  a  the overstepping of the accepted limits of moderation, esp. intemperance in eating or drinking 越界；超量，(尤指吃喝等)无节制b (in pl. 用复数)  outrageous or immoderate behaviour 不客气，过火行为 5  an extreme or improper degree or extent 极度，非常，特别  an excess of cruelty  极度残忍 6 Brit.  part of an insurance claim to be paid by the insured, esp. by prior agreement [英]溢额保险赔偿(尤指事先约定好的) ●attrib. adj. /usu. 通常作 ˈekses/  1  that exceeds a limited or prescribed amount 超量的，超额的  excess weight  超重 2 Brit.  required as extra payment [英]加款的，加价的  excess postage  加收邮费 □ in (or to) excess   exceeding the proper amount or degree 超量，超标□ in excess of   more than; exceeding 比…多；超过 [Middle English via Old French exces from Latin excessus (as EXCEED)]

excess baggage n. (also 亦作 excess luggage)  baggage exceeding a weight allowance and liable to an extra charge 超重行李

excessive /ikˈsesiv, ek-/ adj.  1  too much or too great 过多的；太大的 2  more than what is normal or necessary 超常的；超量的，超大的 □ excessively  adv.  □ excessiveness  n.  

exchange /iksˈtʃeindʒ, eks-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of giving one thing and receiving another in its place 交换；互换 2  a  the giving of money for its equivalent in the money of the same or esp. another country 兑换货币，换汇b  the fee or percentage charged for this (换汇的)手续费 3  a place or installation containing the apparatus for connecting telephone calls 电话交换台，电话交换机 4  a place where merchants, bankers, etc. gather to transact business 交易会；交易所；交易场所 5  a  an office where certain information is given or a service provided, usu. involving two parties 新闻发布场所(通常当事双方都在场)b  an employment office 职业介绍所 6  a system of settling debts between persons (esp. in different countries) without the use of money, by bills of exchange (see 见 BILL OF EXCHANGE) 一种解决债务的方式，(尤指在不同国家之间)不使用现金而用汇票清债 7  a  a short conversation, esp. a disagreement or quarrel 短暂交谈，(尤指)争吵，争辩b  a sequence of letters between correspondents (一系列)往来的信件 8 Chess  the capture of one piece by each player in immediate succession 【棋类】(相互)接续吃子，兑子 9 (作 attrib.)  forming part of an exchange, e.g. of personnel between institutions 交换物；交换人员，(如)大学间的互派人员  an exchange student  互派学生，交流学生 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  give or receive (one thing) in place of another 替换，代换，取代 2 tr.  give and receive as equivalents (e.g. things or people, blows, information, etc.); give one and receive another of 交换；互换(物品、人员、情报等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make an exchange 实行交换，进行对换 □ in exchange  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  as a thing exchanged (for) 作为对…的交换□ exchangeable  adj.  □ exchangeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ exchanger  n.   [Middle English via Old French eschangier from Romanic (as EX-1, CHANGE)]

exchange rate n.  the value of one currency in terms of another 汇率，兑换率

exchequer /iksˈtʃekə, eks-/ n.  1 Brit.  the former government department in charge of national revenue [英]财务署(从前政府掌管国家财政的行政部门) 2  a royal or national treasury 皇家(或国家)财政部 3  the money of a private individual or group 私人(或私人组织)的资金 [Middle English via Anglo-French escheker, Old French eschequier from medieval Latin scaccarium ‘chessboard’ (its original sense, with reference to keeping accounts on a chequered cloth)]■Usage 用法说明 With reference to sense 1, the functions of this department now belong to the Treasury, although the name formally survives, esp. in the title Chancellor of the Exchequer. 释义 1 中该部门的职能现已归属于财政部，但该名称仍作为正式名称沿用下来，尤其是头衔 Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣)。 

excimer /ˈeksimə/ n. Chem. & Physics  a dimer existing only in an excited state, used in some lasers 【化】【物理学】激基缔合物，激基分子(存在于激惹状态下的二聚体，用于激光器中) [excited + DIMER]

excise1 /ˈeksaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a duty or tax levied on goods and commodities produced or sold within the country of origin 消费税，商品税b  a tax levied on certain licences 某种营业税，执照税 2 Brit.  a former government office collecting excise [英]间接税务局(收取消费税的前政府部门)  now the Board of Customs and Excise  现在为关税与消费税局 ●v. tr.  1  charge excise on (goods) (对商品)征收消费税 2  force (a person) to pay excise (向个人)征税 [Middle Dutch excijs, accijs, perhaps from Romanic: related to CENSUS]

excise2 /ikˈsaiz, ek-/ v. tr.  1  remove (a passage of a book etc.) 删除，删去(书中的一段等) 2  cut out (an organ etc.) by surgery 手术切除，手术摘除(某个器官) □ excision  /ikˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excidere excis- (as EX-1, caedere ‘cut’)]

exciseman /ˈeksaizmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. hist.  an officer responsible for collecting excise duty [英史义] (间接税)税务官(征收消费税的官员)

excitable /ikˈsaitəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1 (esp. of a person) easily excited (人)易激动的，易兴奋的 2 (of an organism, tissue, etc.) responding to a stimulus, or susceptible to stimulation (器官、组织等)对刺激有反应的，应激的 □ excitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ excitably  adv.   [EXCITE + -ABLE]

excitation /eksiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of exciting 惹起，激发b  the state of being excited; excitement 激动；兴奋 2  the action of an organism, tissue, etc., resulting from stimulation (由刺激引起的器官、组织等的)应激反应 3 Electr. 【电】  a  the process of applying current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field 励磁b  the process of applying a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor 集电(对电子管或半导体控制电极加载信号电压) 4 Physics  the process in which an atom etc. acquires a higher energy state 【物理学】(原子获得高能量的)激发(过程)

excite /ikˈsait, ek-/ v. tr.  1  a  rouse the feelings or emotions of (a person) 使…激动，使兴奋b  bring into play; rouse up (feelings, faculties, etc.) 使…活动；使…产生c  arouse sexually 引起性欲 2  provoke; bring about (an action or active condition) 引起；激起(行动或活动状态) 3  promote the activity of (an organism, tissue, etc.) by stimulus 通过刺激促进(器官或组织等)活动 4 Electr. 【电】  a  cause (a current) to flow in the winding of an electromagnet (在磁场中)产生感应电流b  supply a signal 提供信号，发出信号 5 Physics 【物理学】  a  cause the emission of (a spectrum) 使(物质)发出(光谱)b  cause (a substance) to emit radiation 使发出(射线)c  put (an atom etc.) into a state of higher energy 使激惹，使原子处于更高能状态中 □ excitant  /ˈeksit(ə)nt, ikˈsait(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n.  □ excitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ excitatory  /-tət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ excitedly  adv.  □ excitedness  n.  □ excitement  n.  □ exciter  n.  (esp. in senses 4, 5 尤用于释义 4 、 5) 激励器、励磁器、振荡器、幅射器 [Middle English from Old French exciter or Latin excitare, frequentative of exciēre (as EX-1, ciēre ‘set in motion’)]

exciting /ikˈsaitiŋ, ek-/ adj.  arousing great interest or enthusiasm; stirring 激动的，兴奋的；激发兴趣的 □ excitingly  adv.  □ excitingness  n.  

exciton /ˈeksitɒn, ikˈsai-, ek-/ n. Physics  a mobile concentration of energy in a crystal formed by an excited electron and an associated hole 【物理学】激子，电子空穴对 [EXCITATION + -ON]

exclaim /ikˈskleim, ek-/ v.  1 intr.  cry out suddenly, esp. in anger, surprise, pain, etc. (由于生气、惊讶、疼痛等引起的)突然大叫，高声叫唤 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that)  utter by exclaiming 惊叫，惊呼，大叫 [French exclamer or Latin exclamare (as EX-1: cf. CLAIM)]

exclamation /ekskləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exclaiming 大叫，惊叫，惊呼 2  words exclaimed; a strong sudden cry 惊叹词；叹语 [Middle English from Old French exclamation or Latin exclamatio (as EXCLAIM)]

exclamation mark n. (US also [美亦] exclamation point)  a punctuation mark (!) indicating an exclamation 惊叹号(！)

exclamatory /ikˈsklæmət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  of or serving as an exclamation 感叹的，惊叹的

exclave /ˈekskleiv/ n.  a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory (cf. 参见 ENCLAVE 1) 飞地 [EX-1 + ENCLAVE]

exclosure /ikˈskləʊʒə, ek-/ n. Forestry  etc. an area from which unwanted animals are excluded 【林学】清除地，围地 [EX-1 + ENCLOSURE]

exclude /ikˈsklu:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1  shut or keep out (a person or thing) from a place, group, privilege, etc. 对(人或物)禁闭；不许…进入，不让… 2  expel and shut out 驱除，排除，阻止 3  remove from consideration 排除，不考虑  no theory can be excluded  不能将任何一种理论排除在外 4  prevent the occurrence of; make impossible 防止…的发生；使不可能，阻止  excluded all doubt  不容置疑 □ excludable  adj.  □ excluder  n.   [Middle English from Latin excludere exclus- (as EX-1, claudere ‘shut’)]

excluded middle n. Logic  the principle that of two contradictory propositions one must be true 【逻辑学】排中律

exclusion /ikˈsklu:ʒ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  the act or an instance of excluding; the state of being excluded 排除，除去；不许，不让；不包括 □ to the exclusion of   so as to exclude 排除…，除去…□ exclusionary  adj.   [Latin exclusio (as EXCLUDE)]

exclusionist /ikˈsklu:ʒ(ə)nist, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  favouring exclusion, esp. from rights or privileges 排他的，排外的，排斥的，(尤指从权利、特权等中)排除的 ●n.  a person favouring exclusion 排他主义者，排外主义者

exclusion order n. Brit.  an official order preventing a person (esp. a suspected terrorist) from entering the UK [英]禁止(某人入境的官方)命令(尤指针对恐怖嫌疑分子)

exclusion principle  see 见 PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE 

exclusive /ikˈsklu:siv, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  excluding other things 排他的，排外的，排除的 2 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 of)  not including; except for 除外的；除了…的 3  tending to exclude others, esp. socially; select 排除他人的，排外的(尤指在社会生活方面)；有选择的 4  catering for few or select customers; high-class 高级的；高档的 5  a (of a commodity) not obtainable elsewhere (指商品)专卖的，独卖的b (of a newspaper article) not published elsewhere (指报刊文章)独家刊登的，专访的 6 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 to)  restricted or limited to; existing or available only in 限制的；有限的；只存在于…的，只可在…处得到的 7 (of terms etc.) excluding all but what is specified (指条款等)专项的，专指的，专门针对…的 8  employed or followed or held to the exclusion of all else 专门的，特定的  my exclusive occupation  我的专职 exclusive rights  独享的权利 ●n.  an article or story published by only one newspaper or periodical (报纸、杂志的)独家新闻，独家消息；专访 □ exclusively  adv.  □ exclusiveness  n.  □ exclusivity  /eksklu:ˈsiviti/ n.   [medieval Latin exclusivus (as EXCLUDE)]

Exclusive Brethren n. pl.  a more exclusive section of the Plymouth Brethren 普利茅斯兄弟会的封闭派(教规严格禁止教徒与其他派别人员来往)

exclusivism /ikˈsklu:siviz(ə)m, ek-/ n.  a policy or doctrine of (esp. national, racial, or religious) exclusiveness 排他主义，排外主义(尤指国家、种族或宗教方面的排外主义) □ exclusivist  adj. & n.  

excogitate /iksˈkɒdʒiteit, eks-/ v. tr.  think out; contrive 想出，设计出；图谋；算计，深思熟虑 □ excogitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excogitare excogitat- (as EX-1, cogitare COGITATE)]

excommunicate v., adj. & n. Eccl. 【教会】  ●v. tr. /ekskəˈmju:nikeit/  officially exclude (a person) from participation in the sacraments, or from formal communion with the Church 被正式逐出教会，剥夺教友权利 ●adj. /ekskəˈmju:nikət/  excommunicated 被逐出教会的 ●n. /ekskəˈmju:nikət/  an excommunicated person 被逐出教会的教徒 □ excommunication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ excommunicative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ excommunicator  n.  □ excommunicatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin excommunicare -atus (as EX-1, communis COMMON)]

ex-con /eksˈkɒn/ n. colloq.  an ex-convict; a former inmate of a prison [口]前罪犯；前监狱关押者 [abbreviation]

excoriate /ikˈskɔ:rieit, eks-/ v. tr.  1  a  remove part of the skin of (a person etc.) by abrasion 磨损…的皮肤，擦伤…的皮肤b  strip or peel off (skin) 剥(或削)去…的皮 2  censure severely 严厉责备，斥责 □ excoriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excoriare excoriat- (as EX-1, corium ‘hide’)]

excrement /ˈekskrim(ə)nt/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  faeces 排泄物，大便 □ excremental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [French excrément or Latin excrementum (as EXCRETE)]

excrescence /ikˈskres(ə)ns, eks-/ n.  1  an abnormal or morbid outgrowth on the body or a plant (动植物上长出的不正常)赘生物，瘤 2  an ugly addition 赘物，多余物 □ excrescent  adj.  □ excrescential  /ekskriˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin excrescentia (as EX-1, crescere ‘grow’)]

excreta /ikˈskri:tə, ek-/ n. pl.  waste discharged from the body, esp. faeces and urine 排泄物(尤指大小便) [Latin, neut. pl. of excernere: see EXCRETE]

excrete /ikˈskri:t, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an animal or plant) separate and expel (waste matter) as a result of metabolism (指动植物)排泄，排出；分泌(新陈代谢的产物) □ excreter  n.  □ excretion  n.  □ excretive  adj.  □ excretory  adj.   [Latin excernere excret- (as EX-1, cernere ‘sift’)]

excruciate /ikˈskru:ʃieit, ek-/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 excruciating adj.)  torment acutely (a person's senses); torture mentally (精神上)残酷折磨；(使精神上受)极大痛苦 □ excruciatingly  adv.  □ excruciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin excruciare excruciat- (as EX-1, cruciare ‘torment’ from crux crucis ‘cross’)]

exculpate /ˈekskʌlpeit/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  free from blame 不责怪，免予批评 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  clear (a person) of a charge 还…以清白，澄清；撤销对某人的指控 □ exculpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exculpatory  /iksˈkʌlpət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin exculpare exculpat- (as EX-1, culpa ‘blame’)]

excursion /ikˈskɜ:ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  a short journey for pleasure, with return to the starting point 短途旅行，远足 2  a digression 离题，脱轨 3 Astron.  a deviation from a regular path 【天】偏离轨道 4 archaic  a sortie (see 见 ALARUM) [古义]突围，出击 □ excursional  adj.  □ excursionary  adj.  □ excursionist  n.   [Latin excursio from excurrere excurs- (as EX-1, currere ‘run’)]

excursive /ikˈskɜ:siv, ek-/ adj.  digressive; diverse 分枝的，分散的；多样的 □ excursively  adv.  □ excursiveness  n.  

excursus /ikˈskɜ:səs, ek-/ n. (pl. excursuses or same 单复同)  1  a detailed discussion of a special point in a book, usu. in an appendix (通常为书后的)附录，附记，补论 2  a digression in a narrative 跑题，离题 [Latin, verbal noun, formed as EXCURSION]

excuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈskju:z, ek-/  1  attempt to lessen the blame attaching to (a person, act, or fault) 找借口，开脱 2 (of a fact or circumstance) serve in mitigation of (a person or act) (指事实或情节)使缓和，减轻 3  obtain exemption for (a person or oneself) 原谅；豁免 4 (foll. by 后跟 from, or with double object)  release (a person) from a duty etc. 使解脱(责任等)  excused from supervision duties  可以不再担任监管工作 excused him the fee  免收他的费 5  overlook or forgive (a fault or offence) 原谅，谅解，不计较 6 (foll. by 后跟 for)  forgive (a person) for a fault 原谅某人的过失 7  not insist upon (what is due) 不再计较，不再坚持 8 refl.  apologize for leaving (请求离开时的道歉用语)对不起，请原谅，抱歉 ●n. /ikˈskju:s, ek-/  1  a reason put forward to mitigate or justify an offence, fault, etc. 借口，开脱的理由 2  an apology 道歉  made my excuses  我向…道了歉 3 (foll. by 后跟 for) colloq.  a poor or inadequate example of [口]拙劣的样品，蹩脚货 □ be excused   be allowed to leave a room etc., e.g. to go to the lavatory 被允许离开(房间等，如去厕所)□ excuse me   a polite apology for lack of ceremony, for an interruption etc., or for disagreeing 请原谅，对不起(礼貌用语，表示打断或不同意)□ excusable  /-ˈskju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ excusably  /-ˈskju:zəbli/ adv.  □ excusatory  /-ˈskju:zət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French escuser from Latin excusare (as EX-1, causa ‘CAUSE, accusation’)]

excuse-me n. Brit.  a dance in which dancers may interrupt other pairs to change partners [英]“请原谅”舞(一种舞蹈者对其他舞者说声“请原谅”，然后交换舞伴的舞蹈)

ex-directory /eksdiˈrekt(ə)ri, -dai-/ adj. Brit.  not listed in a telephone directory, at the wish of the subscriber; unlisted [英]未列入电话簿的；未列入的

ex div. abbr. [缩略]  ex dividend 

ex dividend /eks ˈdividend/ adj. & adv. (of stocks or shares) not including the next dividend (指股票)不带股利(的)，不带股息(的)

exeat /ˈeksiæt/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a permission from a college or other institution for temporary absence (学院或大学等中的)短期离开许可，临时中止学业许可 2  a permission granted to a priest by a bishop to move to another diocese 主教允许传教士到另一教区的许可(书) [Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of exire ‘go out’ (as EX-1, ire ‘go’)]

exec /iɡˈzek, eɡ-/ n. colloq.  an executive [口]管理人员；经理 [abbreviation]

execrable /ˈeksikrəb(ə)l/ adj.  abominable, detestable 可憎的，可恶的，令人厌恶的 □ execrably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin execrabilis (as EXECRATE)]

execrate /ˈeksikreit/ v.  1 tr.  express or feel abhorrence for 痛恨，憎恶，厌恶 2 tr.  curse (a person or thing) 诅咒，咒骂 3 intr.  utter curses 咒骂 □ execration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ execrative  adj.  □ execratory  adj.   [Latin exsecrare (as EX-1, sacrare ‘devote’ from sacer ‘sacred, accursed’)]

executant /iɡˈzekjʊt(ə)nt, eɡ-/ n. formal [正式]  1  a performer, esp. of music 表演者，演奏员(尤指乐手) 2  a person who carries something into effect 执行者，实行…的人 [French exécutant, pres. part. of executer (as EXECUTE)]

execute /ˈeksikju:t/ v. tr.  1  a  carry out a sentence of death on (a condemned person) 给(被判罪者)行刑，将(被判罪者)处死b euphem.  kill as a political act [婉] (作为一种政治行为)杀死，处决 2  carry into effect, perform (a plan, duty, command, operation, etc.) 实施，执行(计划、命令、行动等) 3  a  carry out a design for (a product of art or skill) 实施(绘画等的)构想b  perform (a musical composition, dance, etc.) 演奏(乐曲)，表演(舞蹈) 4  make (a legal instrument) valid by signing, sealing, etc. (通过签字、盖章等)使(法律文件)生效 5  put into effect (a judicial sentence, the terms of a will, etc.) 执行(判决、遗嘱等)，生效 □ executable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French executer and medieval Latin executare from Latin exsequi exsecut- (as EX-1, sequi ‘follow’)]

execution /eksiˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the carrying out of a sentence of death 执行死刑 2  the act or an instance of carrying out or performing something 执行，实施 3  technique or style of performance in the arts, esp. music (艺术中的、尤指音乐的)演奏技术，表演风格 4  a  seizure of the property or person of a debtor in default of payment 没收债务人财产抵债，扣押债务人b  a judicial writ enforcing a judgement 法律执行文书 □ executionary  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin executio -onis (as EXECUTE)]

executioner /eksiˈkju:ʃ(ə)nə/ n.  an official who carries out a sentence of death 行刑官

executive /iɡˈzekjʊtiv, eɡ-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person or body with managerial or administrative responsibility in a business organization etc.; a senior businessman or businesswoman 行政管理人员；高级商务人员 2  a branch of a government or organization concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management 行政部门，政府管理部门 ●adj.  1  concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management 行政的，管理的；执法的 2  relating to or having the function of executing 有行政职能的，有管理职能的 □ executively  adv.   [medieval Latin executivus (as EXECUTE)]

executive session n. US  a usu. private meeting of a legislative body for executive business [美] (立法机构的)行政会议(常不公开)

executor /iɡˈzekjʊtə, eɡ-/ n. (fem. executrix /-triks/)  a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of his or her will (立遗嘱人指定的)遗嘱执行人 □ executorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ executorship  n.  □ executory  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French executor, -our from Latin executor -oris (as EXECUTE)]

exegesis /eksiˈdʒi:sis/ n. (pl. exegeses /-si:z/)  critical explanation of a text, esp. of Scripture (对文章的)批注，(尤指)对圣经的批注 □ exegete  /ˈeksidʒi:t/ n.  □ exegetic  /-ˈdʒetik/ adj.  □ exegetical  /-ˈdʒetik(ə)l/ adj.  □ exegetist  /-ˈdʒi:tist/ n.   [Greek exēgēsis from exēgeomai ‘interpret’ (as EX-2, hēgeomai ‘lead’)]

exemplar /iɡˈzemplə, eɡ-/ n.  1  a model or pattern 样本，例子 2  a typical instance of a class of things 事例，典型，标本 3  a parallel instance 类似的事例 [Middle English via Old French exemplaire from Late Latin exemplarium (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplary /iɡˈzempləri, eɡ-/ adj.  1  fit to be imitated; outstandingly good 榜样的，典范的；可作楷模的 2  a  serving as a warning 告诫的，警示的b Law (of damages) exceeding the amount needed for simple compensation 【法律】超出普通赔偿额的 3  illustrative, representative 说明的，代表的 □ exemplarily  adv.  □ exemplariness  n.   [Late Latin exemplaris (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplify /iɡˈzemplifai, eɡ-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  illustrate by example 举例说明，作为…的例证 2  be an example of 成为…的榜样，作为…的例子 3 Law  make an attested copy of (a document) under an official seal 【法律】制作(盖有公章的)文件副本 □ exemplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin exemplificare (as EXAMPLE)]

exemplum /iɡˈzempləm, eɡ-/ n. (pl. exempla /-plə/)  an example or model, esp. a moralizing or illustrative story 例子，典范(尤指有道德意义或示例性的故事) [Latin, from eximere: see EXEMPT]

exempt /iɡˈzem(p)t, eɡ-/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  free from an obligation or liability etc. imposed on others 免除的，解除的，豁免的 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  not liable to 被豁免的，无义务的 ●n.  1  a person who is exempt, esp. from payment of tax 被豁免者，(尤指)免税者 2 Brit. [英]  = EXON  ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  free from an obligation, esp. one imposed on others 免除…的责任，使无责任，使无义务(尤指加在别人身上者) □ exemption  n.   [Middle English from Latin exemptus, past part. of eximere exempt- (as EX-1, emere ‘take’): in sense 2 of the noun, from an earlier sense of an officer exempt from normal duties]

exequies /ˈeksikwiz/ n. pl. formal  funeral rites [正式]葬礼 [Middle English via Old French from Latin exsequiae (as EX-1, sequi ‘follow’)]

exercise /ˈeksəsaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  activity requiring physical effort, done esp. as training or to sustain or improve health 体育训练，锻炼，运动 2  mental or spiritual activity, esp. as practice to develop a faculty 思维或精神活动(尤指为培养训练某种能力而进行者) 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a particular task or set of tasks devised as exercise, practice in a technique, etc. 练习，训练 4  a  the use or application of a mental faculty, right, etc. 行使，运用(脑力、权利等)b  practice of an ability, quality, etc. 实践，实习 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  military drill or manoeuvres 军训，操练 6 (foll. by 后跟 in)  a process directed at or concerned with something specified 针对…的实践  was an exercise in public relations  是公共关系方面的实践 ●v.  1 tr.  use or apply (a faculty, right, influence, restraint, etc.) 使用，行使(机能、权利、影响、限制等) 2 tr.  perform (a function) 运用，行使 3  a intr.  take (esp. physical) exercise; do exercises 锻炼(尤指体育锻炼)；做操b tr.  provide (an animal) with exercise 驯(兽)c tr.  train (a person) 训练(人) 4 tr.  a  tax the powers of 竭力使…，尽力使…b  perplex, worry 使困惑，烦忧 □ exercisable  adj.  □ exerciser  n.   [Middle English via Old French exercice from Latin exercitium, from exercere exercit- ‘keep at work’ (as EX-1, arcēre ‘restrain’)]

exercise book n.  1  a book containing exercises 练习册，练习簿 2 Brit.  a book for writing school work, notes, etc., in [英]练习本

exergue /ikˈsɜ:ɡ, ekˈsɜ:ɡ, ˈeksɜ:ɡ/ n.  1  a small space usu. on the reverse of a coin or medal, below the principal device 钱币(或奖章)背面主图案下的小空隙 2  an inscription on this space 这种小空隙上的刻记 [French from medieval Latin exergum, from Greek ex- (as EX-2) + ergon ‘work’]

exert /iɡˈzɜ:t, eɡ-/ v. tr.  1  exercise, bring to bear (a quality, force, influence, etc.) 训练，使具备(素质、力量、影响等) 2 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  use one's efforts or endeavours; strive 奋斗，努力(做)；尽力(做) □ exertion  n.   [Latin exserere exsert- ‘put forth’ (as EX-1, serere ‘bind’)]

exeunt /ˈeksiʌnt/ v. intr. (as a stage direction) (actors) leave the stage (演员)下场，退场(舞台用语) □ exeunt omnes   all leave the stage 全体离开舞台，全体退场 [Latin, = they go out: 3rd pl. pres. of exire ‘go out’: see EXIT]

exfiltrate /ˈeksfiltreit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  withdraw (troops, spies, etc.) surreptitiously, esp. from danger 秘密撤退，撤去(军队、间谍等) (尤指从危险境地中) □ exfiltration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

exfoliate /iksˈfəʊlieit, eks-/ v.  1 intr. (of bone, the skin, a mineral, etc.) come off in scales or layers (指骨头、皮肤、矿石等)片状剥落，片状脱落 2 tr.  a  shed (material) in scales or layers 使(矿石)成片剥落，成片脱落b (also absol. [亦含宾])  cause (the skin etc.) to shed flakes or scales 造成或引起(皮肤等)片状脱落 3 intr. (of a tree) throw off layers of bark (指树木)掉皮，树皮剥落 □ exfoliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exfoliative  /-liətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin exfoliare exfoliat- (as EX-1, folium ‘leaf’)]

ex gratia /eks ˈɡreiʃə/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  as a favour rather than from an (esp. legal) obligation 优惠地 ●adj.  granted on this basis 优惠的 [Latin, = from favour]

exhalation /eksəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an expiration of air 喘气，呼气b  a puff of breath 哈气 2  a mist, vapour 水气，湿气，潮气 3  an emanation or effluvium 散发，蒸发 [Middle English from Latin exhalatio (as EXHALE)]

exhale /iksˈheil, eks-/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  breathe out (esp. air or smoke) from the lungs 呼气，出气 2 tr. & intr.  give off or be given off in vapour 散发，蒸发(水汽、蒸气) □ exhalable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French exhaler from Latin exhalare (as EX-1, halare ‘breathe’)]

exhaust /iɡˈzɔ:st, eɡ-/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  consume or use up the whole of 用完，耗尽 2 (often as 常作 exhausted adj. or exhausting adj.)  use up the strength or resources of (a person); tire out (人的力量，资源等)精疲力竭；耗尽 3  study or expound on (a subject) completely 对(某题目)详尽地研究，全面地研究 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  empty (a container etc.) of its contents (容器等中的东西)倒光，掏光 ●n.  1  a  waste gases etc. expelled from an engine after combustion (机动车排出的)废气，(发动机排出的)尾气b (also 亦作 exhaust pipe)  the pipe or system by which these are expelled (汽车的)排气管(或系统)c  the process of expulsion of these gases 排出废气，排放尾气 2  a  the production of an outward current of air by the creation of a partial vacuum 排气，抽空b  an apparatus for this 排气通风装置 □ exhauster  n.  □ exhaustible  adj.  □ exhaustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin exhaurire exhaust- (as EX-1, haurire ‘draw (water), drain’)]

exhaustion /iɡˈzɔ:stʃ(ə)n, eɡ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of draining a thing of a resource or emptying it of contents; the state of being depleted or emptied 排空；抽空 2  a total loss of strength or vitality 极度疲劳，精疲力竭 3  the process of establishing a conclusion by eliminating alternatives 排除法 [Late Latin exhaustio (as EXHAUST)]

exhaustive /iɡˈzɔ:stiv, eɡ-/ adj.  1  thorough, comprehensive 彻底的；广泛的，全面的 2  tending to exhaust a subject 穷尽的；竭力的 □ exhaustively  adv.  □ exhaustiveness  n.  

exhibit /iɡˈzibit, eɡ-/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (exhibited, exhibiting)  1  show or reveal publicly (for interest or amusement, in competition, etc.) (在比赛中)表现，展现 2  a  show, display 展览，展出，陈列b  manifest (a quality) 显示(性质) 3  submit for consideration 出示；提交(讨论) ●n.  1  a thing or collection of things forming part or all of an exhibition 展品，展物，陈列品 2  a document or other item or object produced in a law court as evidence (当庭出示的)证物，证据 □ exhibitory  adj.   [Latin exhibēre exhibit- (as EX-1, habēre ‘hold’)]

exhibition /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a display (esp. public) of works of art, industrial products, etc. 展览会，展示会 2  the act or an instance of exhibiting; the state of being exhibited 展览；陈列，展示 3 Brit.  a scholarship, esp. from the funds of a school, college, etc. [英]奖学金(尤指来源于校内的基金) □ make an exhibition of oneself   behave so as to appear ridiculous or foolish 出丑，出洋相 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin exhibitio -onis (as EXHIBIT)]

exhibitioner /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)nə/ n. Brit.  a student who has been awarded an exhibition [英]获奖学生

exhibitionism /eksiˈbiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a tendency towards display or extravagant behaviour 爱展示，爱表现 2 Psychol.  a mental condition characterized by the compulsion to display one's genitals in public 【心】露阴癖 □ exhibitionist  n.  □ exhibitionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ exhibitionistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

exhibitor /iɡˈzibitə, eɡ-/ n.  a person who provides an item or items for an exhibition 参展者，参展商

exhilarate /iɡˈziləreit, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often as 常作 exhilarating adj. or exhilarated adj.)  affect with great liveliness or joy; raise the spirits of 使异常兴奋；极度欣喜 □ exhilarant  adj. & n.  □ exhilaratingly  adv.  □ exhilaration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exhilarative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin exhilarare (as EX-1, hilaris ‘cheerful’)]

exhort /iɡˈzɔ:t, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  urge or advise strongly or earnestly 敦促，怂恿；极力推荐 □ exhortative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ exhortatory  /-tət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ exhorter  n.   [Middle English from Old French exhorter or Latin exhortari (as EX-1, hortari ‘exhort’)]

exhortation /eɡzɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exhorting; the state of being exhorted 敦促，怂恿；极力推荐 2  a formal or liturgical address (正式的)演讲；(宗教仪式中的)劝诫 [Middle English from Old French exhortation or Latin exhortatio (as EXHORT)]

exhume /eksˈ(h)ju:m, iɡˈzju:m/ v. tr.  dig out, unearth (esp. a buried corpse) 掘出，挖出(尤指尸体) □ exhumation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French exhumer from medieval Latin exhumare (as EX-1, humus ‘ground’)]

ex hypothesi /eks haiˈpɒθəsai/ adv.  according to the hypothesis proposed 据推测；按此假设；假定… [modern Latin]

exigency /ˈeksidʒ(ə)nsi, ˈeɡzi-; iɡˈzidʒ(ə)nsi, eɡ-/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 exigence /ˈeksidʒ(ə)ns, ˈeɡzi-/)  1  an urgent need or demand 急需，迫切要求 2  an emergency 紧急(事件或状态)，危急(时刻) [French exigence & Late Latin exigentia (as EXIGENT)]

exigent /ˈeksidʒ(ə)nt, ˈeɡzi-/ adj.  1  requiring much; exacting 要求高的；苛求的 2  urgent, pressing 急切的，迫切的 [Middle English from Latin exigere ‘enforce payment of’: see EXACT]

exiguous /iɡˈziɡjʊəs, eɡ-/ adj.  scanty, small 不足的，稀少的；微小的 □ exiguity  /-ˈɡju:iti/ n.  □ exiguously  adv.  □ exiguousness  n.   [Latin exiguus ‘scanty’ from exigere ‘weigh exactly’: see EXACT]

exile /ˈeksail, ˈeɡz-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  expulsion, or the state of being expelled, from one's native land or (internal exile) native town etc. 放逐，流放(到国外或国内某个地方) 2  long absence abroad, esp. enforced 长期在国外不归(尤指被迫的) 3  a person expelled or long absent from his or her native country 流放者，漂泊者 4 (作 the Exile)  the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. BC 公元前 6 世纪巴比伦的犹太人被囚禁 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  officially expel (a person) from his or her native country or town etc. (将某人)正式流放，正式放逐 □ exilic  /-ˈsilik, -ˈzilik/ adj. (esp. in sense 4 of n. 尤用于名词释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French exil, exiler from Latin exilium ‘banishment’]

exist /iɡˈzist, eɡ-/ v. intr.  1  have a place as part of objective reality 占据；存在 2  a  have being under specified conditions (在特定的条件下)存在b (foll. by 后跟 as)  exist in the form of 以…形式存在 3 (of circumstances etc.) occur; be found (指环境等)已发生；已被发现 4  live with no pleasure under adverse conditions (在恶劣环境下)维持生计，度日  felt he was merely existing  感到他仅仅是活着而已 5  continue in being; maintain life 继续生活；维持生活  can hardly exist on this salary  靠这点钱很难维生 6  be alive, live 活着，生存 [probably a back-formation from EXISTENCE; cf. Late Latin existere]

existence /iɡˈzist(ə)ns, eɡ-/ n.  1  the fact or condition of being or existing 存在 2  continued being, esp. the manner of one's existing or living under adverse conditions 活着，生存(尤指在恶劣的环境下)  a wretched existence  悲惨的生存 3  an existing thing 存在的事物 4  all that exists 万物，世间万事，一切 [Middle English via Old French existence or Late Latin existentia from Latin exsistere (as EX-1, stare ‘stand’)]

existent /iɡˈzist(ə)nt, eɡ-/ adj.  existing, actual, current 存在的，实有的，目前的

existential /eɡziˈstenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to existence 存在的，现行的 2 Logic (of a proposition etc.) affirming or implying the existence of a thing 【逻辑学】(指命题等)断定存在的，暗示存在的 3 Philos.  concerned with existence, esp. with human existence as viewed by existentialism 【哲】存在主义的，存在论的 □ existentially  adv.   [Late Latin existentialis (as EXISTENCE)]

existentialism /eɡziˈstenʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  a philosophical theory emphasizing the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development 存在主义(一种哲学观点，强调自由、自主的个体的存在决定他自身的发展) □ existentialist  n.   [German Existentialismus (as EXISTENTIAL)]

exit /ˈeksit, ˈeɡzit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a passage or door by which to leave a room, building, etc. 出口，安全门，太平门 2  a  the act of going out 出去，离开，退出b  the right or freedom to go out 离开权，出门权 3  a place where vehicles can leave a motorway or major road (公路上)机动车下高速路或主路的出口 4  the departure of an actor from the stage 演员退场 5 literary  death [文学用语]死亡，去世 ●v. (exited, exiting)  1 intr.  go out of a room, building, etc. 退出，离开，出去 2 intr. (as a stage direction) (an actor) leaves the stage (舞台指令) (演员)下场，退场  exit Macbeth  马克佩斯下场 3 intr. literary  die [文学用语]死亡，去世 4 tr.  go out of, leave (a place etc.) 离开，出去 5 Computing 【计算】  a intr.  terminate a process etc.; return to an earlier or more general level of interaction 退出；返回(前级)b tr.  terminate (a process, program, etc.) in this way 退出后中止(过程、程序等) [Latin, 3rd sing. present of exire ‘go out’ (as EX-1, ire ‘go’) : cf. Latin exitus ‘going out’]

exit permit n. (also 亦作 exit visa etc.)  authorization to leave a particular country 离境许可

exit poll n.  a poll of people leaving a polling station, asking how they voted 出口处民意调查(在投票者离开投票站时对他们投票情况进行询问)

ex-libris /eksˈlibris, -ˈli:b-, -ˈlaib-, -ˈli:bri:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a usu. decorated bookplate or label bearing the owner's name, pasted into the front of a book (书中标有书籍主人姓名的)藏书签，藏书票 [Latin ex libris ‘among the books of’]

ex nihilo /eks ˈnaihiləʊ/ adv.  out of nothing 从无；无中生有  creation ex nihilo  凭空而生 [Latin]

exo- /ˈeksəʊ/ prefix  external 外部的 [Greek exō ‘outside’]

exobiology /ˌeksəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of science that deals with the possibility of life outside the earth 外空生物学 □ exobiologist  n.  

Exocet /ˈeksəset/ n. propr.  a French-made short-range guided missile used esp. in sea warfare [商标]飞鱼导弹(一种主要用于海战的法制短程导弹) [French exocet ‘flying fish’]

exocrine /ˈeksə(ʊ)krain, -krin/ adj. (of a gland) secreting through a duct (cf. 参见 ENDOCRINE) (腺)外分泌的 [EXO- + Greek krinō ‘sift’]

Exod. abbr. [缩略]  Exodus (Old Testament) 

exoderm /ˈeksə(ʊ)dɜ:m/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ECTODERM 

exodus /ˈeksədəs/ n.  1  a mass departure of people (esp. emigrants) 大批人群的离开，外出，出走(尤指移民) 2 (作 Exodus) Bibl. 【圣经】  a  the departure of the Israelites from Egypt 大批以色列人离开埃及b  the book of the Old Testament relating this (旧约中讲述这段故事的)《出埃及记》 [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek exodos (as EX-2, hodos ‘way’)]

ex officio /eks əˈfiʃiəʊ/ adv. & adj.  by virtue of one's office or status 按照职务的(地)，出于职权的(地) [Latin]

exogamy /ikˈsɒɡəmi, ek-/ n.  1 Anthropol.  marriage of a man outside his own tribe 【人】异族通婚，与外族通婚 2 Biol.  the fusion of reproductive cells from distantly related or unrelated individuals 【生】异系配合，异系交配 □ exogamous  adj.  

exogenous /ikˈsɒdʒinəs, ek-/ adj.  growing or originating from outside 外生的，外源的 □ exogenously  adv.  

exon /ˈeksɒn/ n. Brit.  each of the four officers acting as commanders of the Yeomen of the Guard [英]英王仪仗队待卫官 [representing French pronunciation of EXEMPT: see sense 2 of the noun]

exonerate /iɡˈzɒnəreit, eɡ-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  free or declare free from blame etc. 使免受责备，宣…无罪 2  release from a duty etc. 免去…责任，解除…责任 □ exoneration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exonerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin exonerare exonerat- (as EX-1, onus, oneris ‘burden’)]

exophthalmic /eksɒfˈθælmik/ adj. Med.  characterized by protruding eyes 【医】鼓眼的，眼球突出的

exophthalmic goitre n.  = GRAVES' DISEASE 

exophthalmos /eksɒfˈθælmɒs/ n. (also 亦作 exophthalmus, exophthalmia /-miə/) Med.  abnormal protrusion of the eyeball 【医】(非正常的)眼球突出，眼球外突 [modern Latin from Greek exophthalmos ‘having prominent eyes’ (as EX-2, ophthalmos ‘eye’)]

exoplasm /ˈeksə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ECTOPLASM 

exor. abbr. [缩略]  executor 

exorbitant /iɡˈzɔ:bit(ə)nt/ adj. (of a price, demand, etc.) grossly excessive (价格、要求等)超高的，离谱的 □ exorbitance  n.  □ exorbitantly  adv.   [Late Latin exorbitare (as EX-1, orbita ORBIT)]

exorcize /ˈeksɔ:saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  expel (a supposed evil spirit) by invocation or by use of a holy name (念咒)驱妖，祛恶，驱魔 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free (a person or place) of a supposed evil spirit (从某人身上或某处)驱走妖魔，驱鬼，驱邪 □ exorcism  n.  □ exorcist  n.  □ exorcization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French exorciser or ecclesiastical Latin exorcizare from Greek exorkizō (as EX-2, horkos ‘oath’)]

exordium /iɡˈzɔ:diəm, eɡ-/ n. (pl. exordiums or exordia /-diə/)  the beginning or introductory part, esp. of a discourse or treatise 前言，导言(尤指文章或论文的) □ exordial  adj.   [Latin, from exordiri (as EX-1, ordiri ‘begin’)]

exoskeleton /ˈeksəʊˌskelit(ə)n/ n.  a rigid external covering for the body in certain animals, esp. arthropods, providing support and protection 外骨骼(某些动物、尤指节肢动物身体外部起支撑和保护作用的坚甲) □ exoskeletal  adj.  

exosphere /ˈeksə(ʊ)sfiə/ n.  the layer of atmosphere furthest from the earth 外(逸)层(地球大气层的最外层)

exoteric /eksə(ʊ)ˈterik/ adj.  1 (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended for, or intelligible to, outsiders (指学说、说话方式等)针对外界的，外行能懂的 2  current among the general public; popular, ordinary 流行的；时行的，大众化的 [Greek exōterikos from exōterō, comparative of exō ‘outside’: cf. ESOTERIC]

exothermic /eksə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:mik/ adj. (also 亦作 exothermal /-m(ə)l/) esp. Chem.  occurring or formed with the evolution of heat (尤)【化】放热的 □ exothermally  adv.  □ exothermically  adv.  

exotic /iɡˈzɒtik, eɡ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  introduced from or originating in a foreign (esp. tropical) country 外国的，异国(尤指热带国家)产的  exotic fruits  热带水果 2  attractively or remarkably strange or unusual; bizarre 奇异的，古怪的；怪异的 3 (of a fuel, metal, etc.) of a kind newly brought into use (指燃料、金属等)新投入使用的，新近采用的 ●n.  an exotic person or thing 奇异、古怪的人(或事物) □ exotically  adv.  □ exoticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin exoticus from Greek exōtikos, from exō ‘outside’]

exotica /iɡˈzɒtikə, eɡ-/ n. pl.  remarkably strange or rare objects 怪异(或罕见)之物 [Latin, neut. pl. of exoticus: see EXOTIC]

exotic dancer n.  a striptease dancer 脱衣舞者

exotoxin /ˈeksəʊtɒksin/ n.  a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings 外毒素

expand /ikˈspænd, ek-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  increase in size or bulk or importance 扩展，扩大，延展 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  give a fuller description or account 进一步阐述，充分说明 3 intr.  become more genial or effusive; discard one's reserve 变得更亲切(或洋溢)；不再矜持 4 tr.  set or write out in full (something condensed or abbreviated) (对缩写的事物)展开，展开论述 5 tr. & intr.  spread out flat 展平 □ expandable  adj.  □ expander  n.  □ expansible  adj.  □ expansibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin expandere expans- ‘spread out’ (as EX-1, pandere ‘spread’)]

expanded metal n.  sheet metal slit and stretched into a mesh, used to reinforce concrete and other brittle materials (用来加固混凝土或其他脆性材料的)金属板网，拉制金属网

expanse /ikˈspæns, ek-/ n.  1  a wide continuous area or extent of land, space, etc. 大片土地，广阔的空间 2  an amount of expansion 扩展量，延展量 [modern Latin expansum, neut. past part. of expandere (as EXPAND)]

expansile /ikˈspænsail, ek-/ adj.  1  of expansion 扩展的，延伸的 2  capable of expansion 可延伸的，可扩展的

expansion /ikˈspænʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expanding; the state of being expanded 扩大；延展，延伸 2  enlargement of the scale or scope of (esp. commercial) operations 扩大规模，扩大经营范围(尤指商业) 3  increase in the amount of a state's territory or area of control 扩充领土，扩大疆界；扩大势力范围 4  an increase in the volume of fuel etc. on combustion in the cylinder of an engine (燃料等在汽缸内燃烧时的)体积膨胀 □ expansionary  adj.  □ expansionism  n.  □ expansionist  n.  □ expansionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj. (all in senses 2, 3 均用于释义 2 、 3)   [Late Latin expansio (as EXPAND)]

expansion card n. (also 亦作 expansion board) Computing  a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities 【计算】扩展板，扩展卡

expansion joint n.  a joint that allows for the thermal expansion of the parts joined (桥梁等)伸缩缝；伸缩接头

expansion slot n. Computing  a place in a computer where an expansion card can be added 【计算】扩展槽

expansive /ikˈspænsiv, ek-/ adj.  1  able or tending to expand 可扩展的，可扩充的 2  extensive, wide-ranging 宽的，广泛的 3 (of a person, feelings, or speech) effusive, open (指人的感情或说话)热情的，外向的，开朗的 □ expansively  adv.  □ expansiveness  n.  □ expansivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.  

ex parte /eks ˈpɑ:ti/ adj. & adv. Law  in the interests of one side only or of an interested outside party 【法律】单方面的 [Latin]

expat /eksˈpæt/ n. & adj. colloq. [口]  = EXPATRIATE  [abbreviation]

expatiate /ikˈspeiʃieit, ek-/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  speak or write at length or in detail 详细(或长篇)撰写讲述 □ expatiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expatiatory  /-ʃiət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin exspatiari ‘digress’ (as EX-1, spatium SPACE)]

expatriate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /iksˈpætriət, -ˈpeitriət, eks-/  1  living abroad, esp. for a long period (尤指长期)生活在国外的 2  expelled from one's country; exiled 被流放的；被放逐的 ●n. /iksˈpætriət, -ˈpeitriət, eks-/  an expatriate person 流亡者，被流放者 ●v. tr. /iksˈpætrieit, -ˈpeitrieit, eks-/  1  expel or remove (a person) from his or her native country 把…驱逐出境，流放 2 refl.  withdraw (oneself) from one's citizenship or allegiance 放弃原国籍(或效忠) □ expatriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin expatriare (as EX-1, patria ‘native country’)]

expect /ikˈspekt, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  a  regard as likely; assume as a future event or occurrence 预料；预计b (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  look for as appropriate or one's due (from a person) 期望，期待  I expect cooperation  我期待着合作 expect you to be here  盼望你到这儿来 expected better of you  希望你过得更好 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) colloq.  think, suppose [口]认为，设想  I expect we'll be on time  我认为我们会准时的 3  be shortly to have (a baby) 不久就会生(小孩)  is expecting twins  很快就要有一对双胞胎 □ be expecting  colloq.  be pregnant (with) [口]怀孕□ expectable  adj.   [Latin exspectare (as EX-1, spectare ‘look’, frequentative of specere ‘see’)]

expectancy /ikˈspekt(ə)nsi, ek-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state of expectation 期待，预料 2  a prospect, esp. of future possession 前景，远景(尤指未来拥有) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a prospective chance 预期的机会，预料中的机会 [Latin exspectantia, exp- (as EXPECT)]

expectant /ikˈspekt(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  expecting 期待的，期望的 2  having the expectation of possession, status, etc. 有望得到的，有望拥有的 3 (作 attrib.)  expecting a baby (said of the mother or father) 期望有个孩子(对父母而言) ●n.  1  a person who expects 期待者，期望者 2  a candidate for office etc. (职位等)候选人 □ expectantly  adv.  

expectation /ekspekˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expecting or looking forward 期待，期望 2  something expected or hoped for 期待的事，盼望的事 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the probability of an event 可能性 4 (in pl. 用复数)  one's prospects of inheritance (某人)继承的可能性 [Latin expectatio (as EXPECT)]

expectorant /ikˈspekt(ə)r(ə)nt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing the coughing out of phlegm etc. 祛痰的 ●n.  an expectorant medicine 祛痰药

expectorate /ikˈspektəreit, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cough or spit out (phlegm etc.) from the throat or lungs 咳出(痰)，吐(痰) □ expectoration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expectorator  n.   [Latin expectorare expectorat- (as EX-1, pectus -oris ‘breast’)]

expedient /ikˈspi:diənt, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  advantageous; advisable on practical rather than moral grounds 有利的；有效的 2  suitable, appropriate 合适的，恰当的 ●n.  a means of attaining an end; a resource 权宜之计；应急手段 □ expedience  n.  □ expediency  n.  □ expediently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin expedire: see EXPEDITE]

expedite /ˈekspidait/ v. tr.  1  assist the progress of; hasten (an action, process, etc.) 促进；加速 2  accomplish (business) quickly 使…加速取得成功 □ expediter  n.   [Latin expedire expedit- ‘extricate (originally ‘free the feet’), put in order’ (as EX-1, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

expedition /ekspiˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a journey or voyage for a particular purpose, esp. exploration, scientific research, or war (科学)探险，考察，出征 2  the personnel or ships etc. undertaking this 探险者，考察船 3  promptness, speed 快速，迅速 □ expeditionist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin expeditio -onis (as EXPEDITE)]

expeditionary /ekspiˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  of or used in an expedition, esp. military 探险的，出征的(尤指军事上)

expeditious /ekspiˈdiʃəs/ adj.  1  acting or done with speed and efficiency 迅速有效的，速效的 2  suited for speedy performance 适于高速的 □ expeditiously  adv.  □ expeditiousness  n.   [EXPEDITION + -OUS]

expel /ikˈspel, ek-/ v. tr. (expelled, expelling) (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  deprive (a person) of the membership of or involvement in (a school, society, etc.) 将…除名，开除 2  force out or eject (a thing from its container etc.) 排出，喷出，射出 3  order or force to leave a building etc. 驱出，赶出(建筑物等) □ expellable  adj.  □ expellee  /-ˈli:/ n.  □ expellent  adj.  □ expeller  n.   [Middle English from Latin expellere expuls- (as EX-1, pellere ‘drive’)]

expend /ikˈspend, ek-/ v. tr.  spend or use up (money, time, etc.) 花(钱、时间等)，用光，花完 [Middle English from Latin expendere expens- (as EX-1, pendere ‘weigh’)]

expendable /ikˈspendəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  that may be sacrificed or dispensed with, esp. to achieve a purpose 可花销的，消耗的(尤指为达到某种目的) 2  a  not regarded as worth preserving or saving 不值得保留的，不值得保存的b  unimportant, insignificant 无关紧要的，不重要的 3  not normally reused 通常不再重复使用的 □ expendability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ expendably  adv.  

expenditure /ikˈspenditʃə, ek-/ n.  1  the process or an instance of spending or using up 开销，花销，花费 2  a thing (esp. a sum of money) expended 消耗的物品(尤指花的钱) [EXPEND, suggested by obsolete expenditor ‘officer in charge of expenditure’, via medieval Latin from expenditus, irregular past part. of Latin expendere]

expense /ikˈspens, ek-/ n.  1  cost incurred; payment of money 支出；花费 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  the cost incurred in doing a particular job etc. 开支，费用  will pay your expenses  将支付你的费用b  an amount paid to reimburse this 补贴  offered me £ 40 per day expenses  给我每日 40 英镑的补贴 3  a thing that is a cause of much expense 花销大的事情，花钱多的事情  the house is a real expense to run  维持这所房子要有很大的花销 □ at the expense of   1  so as to cause loss, deprivation, or harm to 以…为代价 2  so as to incur the cost of 要花费，要支付 [Middle English via Anglo-French, alteration of Old French espense, from Late Latin expensa ‘ (money) spent’, past part. of Latin expendere EXPEND]

expense account n.  a list of an employee's expenses to be reimbursed by the employer 要报销的账

expensive /ikˈspensiv, ek-/ adj.  1  costing much 昂贵的，价高的 2  making a high charge 索高价的，开价很高的 3  causing much expense 花销大的，花钱大手大脚的  has expensive tastes  花钱很随便 □ expensively  adv.  □ expensiveness  n.  

experience /ikˈspiəriəns, ek-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  actual observation of or practical acquaintance with facts or events 经历，体验 2  knowledge or skill resulting from this 经验 3  a  an event regarded as affecting one 有影响的事件  an unpleasant experience  一件不愉快的事b  the fact or process of being so affected 实践，阅历  learnt by experience  通过实践学习 ●v. tr.  1  have experience of; undergo 经历；实践 2  feel or be affected by (an emotion etc.) 体验，感受(情绪等) □ experienceable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin experientia, from experiri expert- ‘try’]

experienced /ikˈspiəriənst, ek-/ adj.  1  having had much experience 有经验的，有阅历的 2  skilled from experience 熟练的，娴熟的  an experienced driver  老司机，老驾驶员

experiential /ikˌspiəriˈentʃ(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  involving or based on experience 经验的，经历的 □ experientialism  n.  □ experientialist  n.  □ experientially  adv.  

experiential philosophy n.  a philosophy that treats all knowledge as based on experience 经验主义哲学

experiment /ikˈsperim(ə)nt, ek-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact 实验，科学试验 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a test or trial of 测试，检验 ●v. intr. /also 亦作 -ment/ (often foll. by 常后跟 on, with)  make an experiment 做试验，搞实验 □ experimentation  /-menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ experimenter  n.   [Middle English from Old French experiment or Latin experimentum (as EXPERIENCE)]

experimental /ikˌsperiˈment(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  1  based on or making use of experiment 基于实验的，根据实验的  experimental psychology  实验心理学 2  a  used in experiments 实验用的b  serving or resulting from (esp. incomplete) experiment; tentative, provisional 实验性的(尤指由尚未完成的实验得出的结果)；假设的，暂时的 3  based on experience, not on authority or conjecture 基于经验的(不是权威认证的，不是推测的) □ experimentalism  n.  □ experimentalist  n.  □ experimentalize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ experimentally  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin experimentalis (as EXPERIMENT)]

expert /ˈekspɜ:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  having special skill at a task or knowledge in a subject 专家的，学者的 2 (作 attrib.)  involving or resulting from this 专家参与的，专家定论的  expert evidence  专家提供的证据 an expert piece of work  专家级的工作 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  a person having special knowledge or skill 专家，学者 □ expertly  adv.  □ expertness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin expertus, past part. of experiri: see EXPERIENCE]

expertise /ekspɜ:ˈti:z/ n.  expert skill, knowledge, or judgement 专长，学问，专业学识 [French (as EXPERT)]

expertize /ˈekspətaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  give an expert opinion 提供专家意见，提出专业性的意见 2 tr.  give an expert opinion concerning 对…给出专家的评价(或鉴定)

expert system n. Computing  a system which can provide intelligent advice or decisions based on expert knowledge incorporated in the software 【计算】专家系统

expiate /ˈekspieit/ v. tr.  1  pay the penalty for (wrongdoing) 抵偿，补偿；赎(罪) 2  make amends for 为…悔过，抵罪 □ expiable  /ˈekspiəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ expiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expiator  n.  □ expiatory  /-piət(ə)ri, -piˈeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expiare expiat- (as EX-1, pius ‘devout’)]

expiration /ekspiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  breathing out 呼气，喘气 2  expiry 期满，限期终止，届期 [Latin expiratio (as EXPIRE)]

expire /ikˈspaiə, ek-/ v.  1 intr. (of a period of time, validity, etc.) come to an end (指时间周期、时效等)届期，到期 2 intr. (of a document, authorization, etc.) cease to be valid; become void (指文件、授权等)失效；过期 3 intr. (of a person) die (指人)死亡，去世，过世 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from; also absol. [亦含宾])  exhale (air etc.) from the lungs 呼气 □ expiratory  adj. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)   [Middle English via Old French expirer from Latin exspirare (as EX-1, spirare ‘breathe’)]

expiry /ikˈspairi, ek-/ n.  1  the end of the validity or duration of something 到期，届期，期满 2  death 死亡，去世

explain /ikˈsplein, ek-/ v. tr.  1  a  make clear or intelligible 解释，阐释 also absol. [亦含宾]: let me explain  让我解释一下b  make known in detail 详细介绍，详述 2 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  say by way of explanation 解释，说明 3  account for (one's conduct etc.) 解释…的原故，说明…的原因 □ explain away   minimize the significance of (a difficulty or mistake) by explanation 通过解释缩小(困难、错误的)重要性；辩解□ explain oneself   1  make one's meaning clear 阐明，解释 2  give an account of one's motives or conduct 自我解释，表白，对自己的动机和行为举止给予说明□ explainable  adj.  □ explainer  n.   [Latin explanare (as EX-1, planus ‘flat’, assimilated to PLAIN1)]

explanation /ekspləˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of explaining 解释，说明 2  a statement or circumstance that explains something 剖白，说明真相 3  a declaration made with a view to mutual understanding or reconciliation 公报，联合公报 [Middle English from Latin explanatio (as EXPLAIN)]

explanatory /ikˈsplænət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  serving or intended to serve to explain (意在)解释的，说明的 □ explanatorily  adv.   [Late Latin explanatorius (as EXPLAIN)]

explant v. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●v. tr. /iksˈplɑ:nt, eks-/  transfer (living cells, tissues, or organs) from animals or plants to a nutrient medium (细胞、组织、器官等的)移植 ●n. /ˈeksplɑ:nt/  a piece of explanted tissue etc. 外植体，移植物 □ explantation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin explantare (as EX-1, plantare PLANT)]

expletive /ikˈspli:tiv, ek-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an oath, swear word, or other expression, used in an exclamation 誓言，誓词(或其他用来表达兴奋之情的感叹语) 2  a word used to fill out a sentence etc., esp. in verse 填词(尤指用于韵文的) ●adj.  serving to fill out (esp. a sentence, line of verse, etc.) 用于填空的，填词的(尤指句子、诗行等) [Late Latin expletivus (as EX-1, plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

explicable /ikˈsplikəb(ə)l, ek-, ˈeksplikəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be explained 可解释的，可说明的

explicate /ˈeksplikeit/ v. tr.  1  develop the meaning or implication of (an idea, principle, etc.) (对思想、原则等阐述)形成观点，引申含义 2  make clear, explain (esp. a literary text) 使清晰明了，诠释，解释(尤指文学作品) □ explication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ explicative  /ekˈsplikətiv, ˈeksplikeitiv/ adj.  □ explicator  n.  □ explicatory  /ekˈsplikət(ə)ri, ˈeksplikeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin explicare explicat- ‘unfold’ (as EX-1, plicare plicat- or plicit- ‘fold’)]

explicit /ikˈsplisit, ek-/ adj.  1  a  expressly stated, leaving nothing merely implied; stated in detail 清楚明了的；详说的b  describing or representing nudity or intimate sexual activity 表现裸体、性方面露骨的，暴露的 2 (of knowledge, a notion, etc.) definite, clear (指知识、概念等)肯定的，清晰的 3 (of a person, book, etc.) expressing views unreservedly; outspoken (指人、书等)直截了当的，不绕弯子的；直白的 □ explicitly  adv.  □ explicitness  n.   [French explicite or Latin explicitus (as EXPLICATE)]

explode /ikˈspləʊd, ek-/ v.  1  a intr. (of gas, gunpowder, a bomb, a boiler, etc.) expand suddenly with a loud noise owing to a release of internal energy (气体、火药、炸弹、锅炉等)爆炸，爆破b tr.  cause (a bomb etc.) to explode 引爆(炸弹等) 2 intr.  give vent suddenly to emotion, esp. anger 突然情绪激动(尤指发怒) 3 intr. (of a population etc.) increase suddenly or rapidly (人口等)迅速增长，猛然增长 4 tr.  show (a theory etc.) to be false or baseless 揭穿，揭露 5 tr. (as 作 exploded adj.) (of a drawing etc.) showing the components of a mechanism as if separated by an explosion but in the normal relative positions (指绘画等)分割画法，爆炸画法 □ exploder  n.   [earliest in sense 4: Latin explodere ‘hiss off the stage’ (as EX-1, plodere plos- = plaudere ‘clap’)]

exploit n. & v. ●n. /ˈeksplɔit/  a bold or daring feat 功勋，业绩，功绩 ●v. tr. /ikˈsplɔit, ek-/  1  make use of (a resource etc.); derive benefit from 利用；开发(资源等) 2 usu. derog.  utilize or take advantage of (esp. a person) for one's own ends [通常贬]剥削，利用(尤指人) □ exploitable  /ikˈsplɔitəb(ə)l, ek-/ adj.  □ exploitation  /eksplɔiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exploitative  /ikˈsplɔitətiv, ek-/ adj.  □ exploiter  n.  □ exploitive  /ikˈsplɔitiv, ek-/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French esploit, exploiter, ultimately from Latin explicare: see EXPLICATE]

exploration /ekspləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act or instance of exploring 探险，勘探，探查 2  the process of exploring 探索，探究 □ explorational  adj.  

exploratory /ikˈsplɒrət(ə)ri, ek-/ adj.  1 (of discussion etc.) preliminary, serving to establish procedure etc. (讨论等)预备性的，讨论议程等的 2  involving exploration or investigation 探索的，试验的，探查的  exploratory surgery  探查手术

explore /ikˈsplɔ:, ek-/ v. tr.  1  travel extensively through (a country etc.) in order to learn or discover about it 探险，探查 2  inquire into; investigate thoroughly 调查，探究；仔细勘察 3 Surgery  examine (a part of the body) in detail 【外科】仔细检查，探察 □ explorative  /ikˈsplɒrətiv, ek-/ adj.   [French explorer from Latin explorare]

explorer /ikˈsplɔ:rə, ek-/ n.  a traveller into undiscovered or uninvestigated territory, esp. to get scientific information 探险者，探索者(尤指科学方面)

explosion /ikˈspləʊʒ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of exploding 爆炸，爆破 2  a loud noise caused by something exploding 爆炸声，爆裂声 3  a  a sudden outburst of noise 突然爆发的响声b  a sudden outbreak of feeling, esp. anger 突然爆发的情感(尤指气愤) 4  a rapid or sudden increase, esp. of population 迅速突然的增加，(尤指人口)爆炸 [Latin explosio ‘scornful rejection’ (as EXPLODE)]

explosive /ikˈspləʊsiv, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able or tending or likely to explode 可爆炸的，会爆炸的 2  likely to cause a violent outburst etc.; (of a situation etc.) dangerously tense 可能引起爆发的，(形势等)极度紧张而危险的 ●n.  an explosive substance 爆炸物，炸药 □ explosively  adv.  □ explosiveness  n.  

Expo /ˈekspəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 expo) (pl. -os)  a large international exhibition 世界博览会 [abbreviation of EXPOSITION 4]

exponent /ikˈspəʊnənt, ek-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who favours or promotes an idea etc. (学说等的)支持者，追随者，倡导者 2  a representative or practitioner of an activity, profession, etc. (活动、职业等的)参与者，代表者，实践者，从业者 3  a person who explains or interprets something 代言人，发言人 4  a type or representative 典型，代表 5 Math.  a raised symbol or expression beside a numeral indicating how many times it is to be multiplied by itself (e.g. 23 = 2 × 2 × 2) 【数】指数 ●adj.  that sets forth or interprets 注释的，说明的 [Latin exponere (as EX-1, ponere posit- ‘put’)]

exponential /ekspə(ʊ)ˈnenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1 Math.  of or indicated by a mathematical exponent 【数】指数的 2 (of an increase etc.) more and more rapid 不断加速(增长)的 □ exponentially  adv.   [French exponentiel (as EXPONENT)]

exponential function n. Math.  a function which increases as a quantity raised to a power determined by the variable on which the function depends 【数】指数函数

exponential growth n.  growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size 指数增长

export v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈspɔ:t, ek-, ˈek-/  send out (goods or services) esp. for sale in another country 出口(货物)，输出(劳务) ●n. /ˈekspɔ:t/  1  the process of exporting 出口业务，输出业务 2  a  an exported article or service 出口货，输出劳务b (in pl. 用复数)  the amount or value of goods exported 出口量，出口额  exports exceeded £ 50m.  出口额超过 5000 万英镑 3 (作 attrib.)  suitable for export, esp. of better quality 适合出口的，达到出口标准的，(尤指)质量高的 □ exportable  adj.  □ exportability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ exportation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exporter  /-ˈspɔ:tə/ n.   [Latin exportare (as EX-1, portare ‘carry’)]

export reject n.  an article sold in its country of manufacture, as being below the standard for export (因质量上达不到出口标准)出口转内销的商品

expose /ikˈspəʊz, ek-/ v. tr.  1  leave uncovered or unprotected, esp. from the weather 暴露于，使对…无防护(尤指天气) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  put at risk of 使处于危险之中  was exposed to great danger  被置于危险境地b  lay open, subject, or introduce to (an influence etc.) 使面对，使暴露于，使接触(影响等) 3 (as 作 exposed adj.)  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  open to; unprotected from 对…开放，向…敞开  exposed to the east  向东方敞开b  vulnerable, risky 脆弱的，易受危险的，有风险的 4 Photog.  subject (a film) to light, esp. by operation of a camera 【摄】曝光 5  reveal the identity or fact of (esp. a person or thing disapproved of or guilty of crime etc.) 暴露身份，揭发，把(有罪的、有争议的人或事等)曝光 6  disclose; make public 公开，公布 7  exhibit, display 展览，展示 8  leave (a child) in the open to die 弃(婴儿)于户外 □ expose oneself   display one's body, esp. the genitals, publicly and indecently (公开地、不雅观地)暴露自己的身体(尤指性器官)□ exposer  n.   [Middle English from Old French exposer, based on Latin exponere: see EXPONENT, POSE1]

exposition /ekspəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an explanatory statement or account 解释，说明 2  an explanation or commentary; an interpretative article or treatise 评注，注释条文或条款 3 Mus.  the part of a movement, esp. in sonata form, in which the principal themes are first presented 【音】呈示部(奏鸣曲中主题第一次出现的乐章) 4  a large public exhibition 大型展览 5 archaic  exposure [古义]暴露 □ expositional  adj.  □ expositive  /-ˈspɒzitiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French exposition, or Latin expositio (as EXPONENT)]

expositor /ikˈspɒzitə, ek-/ n.  an expounder or interpreter 说明者，注释者 □ expository  adj.  

ex post /eks ˈpəʊst/ adj. Econ.  based on actual results (cf. 参见 EX ANTE) 【经】实际的，据实的 [modern Latin, = ‘from after’]

ex post facto /ˌeks pəʊst ˈfæktəʊ/ adj. & adv.  with retrospective action or force 追溯既往的，有追溯效力的 [Latin ex postfacto ‘in the light of subsequent events’]

expostulate /ikˈspɒstjʊleit, ek-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with a person)  make a protest; remonstrate earnestly 告诫；规劝 □ expostulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expostulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expostulare expostulat- (as EX-1, postulare ‘demand’)]

exposure /ikˈspəʊʒə, ek-/ n. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  the act or condition of exposing or being exposed (to air, cold, danger, etc.) 暴露(于风、寒冷、危险等之中) 2  a physical condition resulting from being exposed to the elements, esp. in severe conditions (因接触受到某些物质)致身体受影响(尤指在恶劣环境中受到伤害)  died from exposure  由于接触…而死 3  the revelation of an identity or fact, esp. when concealed or likely to find disapproval 揭露，揭示(尤指那些被隐瞒的、可能遭人反对的事) 4 Photog. 【摄】  a  the action of exposing a film etc. to the light (胶片等)曝光b  the duration of this action 曝光时间c  the area of film etc. affected by it (胶片的)曝光区 5  an aspect or outlook 面貌或风景  has a fine southern exposure  有秀丽的南方风貌 [EXPOSE, on the pattern of enclosure etc.]

exposure meter n. Photog.  a device for measuring the strength of the light to determine the correct duration of exposure 【摄】曝光表，测光表

exposé /ikˈspəʊzei, ek-/ n.  1  an orderly statement of facts 陈述，一一表述 2  the act or an instance of revealing something discreditable 暴露，揭发，公开(丑闻、陋习等) [French, past part. of exposer (as EXPOSE)]

expound /ikˈspaʊnd, ek-/ v. tr.  1  set out in detail (a doctrine etc.) 详述，详论 2  explain or interpret (esp. Scripture) 解释，诠释(尤指圣经经文) □ expounder  n.   [Middle English from Old French espondre (as EXPONENT)]

express1 /ikˈspres, ek-/ v. tr.  1  represent or make known (thought, feelings, etc.) in words or by gestures, conduct, etc. (用言语、手势、举止等)表达，表述(思想、感情等) 2 refl.  say what one thinks or means 自述，自我表白 3 esp. Math.  represent by symbols (尤)【数】用符号表示 4  squeeze out (liquid or air) 挤出，压出(气体或液体) □ expresser  n.  □ expressible  adj.   [Middle English via Old French expresser from Romanic (as EX-1, PRESS1)]

express2 /ikˈspres, ek-/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  operating at high speed 高速的，直达的，快的 2 /also 亦作 ˈekspres/  a  definitely stated, not merely implied 明示的b archaic (of a likeness) exact [古义] (相似点)丝毫不爽的 3  a  done, made, or sent for a special purpose 特制的，定做的，专递的b (of messages or goods) delivered by a special messenger or service (信件或物品)专递的 ●adv.  1  at high speed 快速地，高速地 2  by express train or delivery service 通过直快火车或专递投送 ●n.  1  a  an express train or delivery service 快车，直达火车；特快专递b  an express rifle 速射步枪 2 US  a company undertaking the transport of parcels etc. [美] (包裹等的)专递公司，快递公司 ●v. tr.  send by express messenger or delivery 用特快专递寄送 □ expressly  adv. (in senses 2 and 3a of adj. 用于形容词释义 2 和 3a)   [Middle English via Old French expres from Latin expressus ‘distinctly shown’, past part. of exprimere (as EX-1, premere ‘press’)]

expression /ikˈspreʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of expressing 表达，表述 2  a word or phrase expressed (表达的)词语 3 Math.  a collection of symbols expressing a quantity 【数】表达式 4  a person's facial appearance or intonation of voice, esp. as indicating feeling 面部表情语言声调(尤指表达某种情感) 5  the depiction of feeling, movement, etc., in art 艺术中对情感、运动等的表达，描绘 6  the conveying of feeling in the performance of a piece of music (用演奏音乐)表达情感 □ expressional  adj.  □ expressionless  adj.  □ expressionlessly  adv.  □ expressionlessness  n.   [Middle English from Old French expression or Latin expressio, from exprimere: see EXPRESS1]

expressionism /ikˈspreʃ(ə)niz(ə)m, ek-/ n.  a style of painting, music, drama, etc., in which an artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world (绘画、音乐、戏剧中的)表现主义 □ expressionist  n. & adj.  □ expressionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ expressionistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

expressive /ikˈspresiv, ek-/ adj.  1  full of expression 富于表情的  an expressive look  表情丰富的面容 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  serving to express 用于表达的，表示…的  words expressive of contempt  表示不满的言词 □ expressively  adv.  □ expressiveness  n.  □ expressivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.   [Middle English from French expressif -ive or medieval Latin expressivus (as EXPRESSION)]

expresso var.  of ESPRESSO  ESPRESSO 的变体

express rifle n.  a rifle that discharges a bullet at high speed 速射步枪

express train n.  a fast train, stopping at few intermediate stations (火车)直达快车

expressway /ikˈspreswei, ek-/ n. N. Amer. & Austral.  an urban motorway [北美澳]高速公路

expropriate /iksˈprəʊprieit, eks-/ v. tr.  1 (esp. of the state) take away (property) from its owner (尤指国家)征用，没收(财产) 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  dispossess 占有，剥夺 □ expropriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expropriator  n.   [medieval Latin expropriare expropriat- (as EX-1, proprium ‘property’: see PROPER)]

expulsion /ikˈspʌlʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  the act or an instance of expelling; the process of being expelled 驱逐，放逐 □ expulsive  /-siv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin expulsio (as EXPEL)]

expunge /ikˈspʌn(d)ʒ, ek-/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  erase, remove (esp. a passage from a book or a name from a list) 抹掉，删除(尤指从书中或名单上) □ expunction  /ikˈspʌŋ (k) ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  □ expunger  n.   [Latin expungere expunct- ‘mark for deletion by means of points’ (as EX-1, pungere ‘prick’)]

expurgate /ˈekspɜ:ɡeit/ v. tr.  1  remove matter thought to be objectionable from (a book etc.) 从(书等)中删除(会遭到反对的部分) 2  remove (such matter) 删除，去除(这类事物) □ expurgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ expurgator  n.  □ expurgatorial  /ˌekspɜ:ɡəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ expurgatory  /ekˈspɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin expurgare expurgat- (as EX-1, purgare ‘cleanse’)]

exquisite /ˈekskwizit, ikˈskwizit, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  extremely beautiful or delicate 非常精致的，特别漂亮的，精湛的 2  acute; keenly felt 痛切的，强烈的  exquisite pleasure  极臻的愉悦 3  keen; highly sensitive or discriminating 敏锐的，灵敏的，有鉴赏力的  exquisite taste  高雅的品味 ●n.  a person of refined (esp. affected) tastes 过分讲究…的人(尤指做作的) □ exquisitely  adv.  □ exquisiteness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘carefully ascertained, precise’, from Latin exquirere exquisit- (as EX-1, quaerere ‘seek’)]

exsanguinate /ikˈsæŋɡwineit, ek-/ v. tr. Med.  drain of blood 【医】给…放血，使血流尽 □ exsanguination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin exsanguinatus (as EX-1, sanguis -inis ‘blood’)]

exsert /ikˈsɜ:t, ek-/ v. tr. Biol.  put forth 【生】使伸出，使突出 [Latin exserere: see EXERT]

ex-service /ek(s) ˈsɜ:vis/ adj. Brit. [英]  1  having formerly been a member of the armed forces 退伍的，退役的 2  relating to former servicemen and -women 退伍人员的，前军人的

ex-serviceman /ek(s)ˈsɜ:vismən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Brit.  a former member of the armed forces [尤英] (男性)退伍军人

ex-servicewoman /ek(s)ˈsɜ:viswʊmən/ n. (pl. -women) esp. Brit.  a former woman member of the armed forces [尤英] (女性)退伍军人

ex silentio /eks siˈlenʃiəʊ/ adv.  by the absence of contrary evidence 在缺少反证的情况下 [Latin, = from silence]

ext. abbr. [缩略]  1  exterior  2  external 

extant /ikˈstænt, ek-, ˈekst(ə)nt/ adj. (esp. of a document etc.) still existing, surviving (尤指文献等)现存的，留存下来的，未佚失的 [Latin exstare exstant- (as EX-1, stare ‘stand’)]

extemporaneous /ikˌstempəˈreiniəs, ek-/ adj.  spoken or done without preparation (讲话或做事)毫无准备的，即席的，仓促的，临时的 □ extemporaneously  adv.  □ extemporaneousness  n.  

extemporary /ikˈstemp(ə) (rə)ri, ek-/ adj.  = EXTEMPORANEOUS  □ extemporarily  adv.  □ extemporariness  n.  

extempore /ikˈstemp(ə)ri, ek-/ adj. & adv.  without preparation 无准备(的)，仓促地 [Latin ex tempore ‘on the spur of the moment’, (literally ‘out of the time’) from tempus ‘time’]

extemporize /ikˈstempəraiz, ek-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  compose or produce (music, a speech, etc.) without preparation; improvise 即兴创作，即兴发表(音乐、讲话等) □ extemporization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

extend /ikˈstend, ek-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  lengthen or make larger in space or time 加长；扩大；延长(时间、空间) 2 tr.  stretch or lay out at full length 伸展，伸出；四肢摊开地躺卧 3 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 to, over)  reach or be or make continuous over a certain area 扩展至，延伸到 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  have a certain scope 具有一定的范围  the permit does not extend to camping  此项应允对露营不适用 5 tr.  offer or accord (an invitation, hospitality, kindness, etc.) 提供，给与(邀请、款待、友好等) 6 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl. or in passive)  tax the powers of (an athlete, horse, etc.) to the utmost 使(运动员、马等)竭尽全力，做至极限 □ extendable  adj.  □ extendability  /-dəˈbiliti/ n.  □ extendible  adj.  □ extendibility  /-diˈbiliti/ n.  □ extensible  /-sib(ə)l/ adj.  □ extensibility  /-siˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin extendere extens- or extent- ‘stretch out’ (as EX-1, tendere ‘stretch’)]

extended family n.  a family including relatives living near 大家族，大家庭(包括住在附近的亲戚)

extended-play attrib. adj. (of a gramophone record) playing for longer than most singles, usu. at 45 r.p.m (指唱片)密纹的，慢速的(比通常每分钟 45 转的唱片播放时间长的)

extender /ikˈstendə, ek-/ n.  1  a person or thing that extends 扩充的人(或物) 2  a substance added to paint, ink, glue, etc., to dilute its colour or increase its bulk (加在颜料、墨水、黏合剂等中的)稀释剂；填充剂

extensile /ikˈstensail, ek-/ adj.  capable of being stretched out or protruded 可伸展的，可伸长的；可延展的

extension /ikˈstenʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extending; the process of being extended 伸展；延长；扩充；被扩充；被延长；被延展 2  prolongation; enlargement 延长部分；扩大部分；增大部分 3  a part enlarging or added on to a main structure or building (房屋建筑等的)附加部分；扩展部分 4  an additional part of anything 附设部分，扩充部分，增补部分 5  a  a subsidiary telephone on the same line as the main one (电话)分机b  its number 分机号(码) 6  a  an additional period of time, esp. extending allowance for a project etc. 附加的时间；延长的期限(尤指)工程延期b  permission for the sale of alcoholic drinks until later than usual, granted to licensed premises on special occasions (在特定日子对某些有执照的销售场所的)特许延长卖酒时间；放宽期限 7  extramural instruction by a university or college 大学附设部分的授课  extension course  大学附设部的课程 8  extent, range 范围；程度 9 Logic  a group of things denoted by a term 【逻辑学】外延 □ extensional  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin extensio (as EXTEND)]

extensive /ikˈstensiv, ek-/ adj.  1  covering a large area in space or time (时间或空间)广阔的，广大的 2  having a wide scope; far-reaching 范围宽广的，广博的  an extensive knowledge of music  广博的音乐知识 3  involving cultivation from a large area, with a minimum of special resources (cf. 参见 INTENSIVE adj. 3) 粗放耕作的，浅耕粗作的 □ extensively  adv.  □ extensiveness  n.   [French extensif -ive or Late Latin extensivus (as EXTENSION)]

extensometer /ekstenˈsɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring deformation of metal under stress (金属)伸长计，变形测量计 2  an instrument using such deformation to record elastic strains in other materials 测量其他材料弹性张力的伸长计 [Latin extensus (as EXTEND) + -METER]

extensor /ikˈstensə, ek-/ n. (in full 全称 extensor muscle) Anat.  a muscle that extends or straightens out part of the body (cf. 参见 FLEXOR) 【解】伸肌 [modern Latin (as EXTEND)]

extent /ikˈstent, ek-/ n.  1  the space over which a thing extends 延展或扩展部分 2  the width or limits of application; scope 广度；(适用)范围；程度  to a great extent  在很大程度上 to the full extent of their power  到他们能力的极至 [Middle English via Anglo-French extente from medieval Latin extenta, past part. of Latin extendere: see EXTEND]

extenuate /ikˈstenjʊeit, ek-/ v. tr. (often as 常作 extenuating adj.)  lessen the seeming seriousness of (guilt or an offence) by reference to some mitigating factor 想法减轻罪责，开脱罪责 □ extenuatingly  adv.  □ extenuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extenuatory  /-jʊət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin extenuare extenuat- (as EX-1, tenuis ‘thin’)]

exterior /ikˈstiəriə, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or on the outer side 外部的，外面的b (foll. by 后跟 to)  situated on the outside of (a building etc.) (建筑物等)位于外部的，在外面的；外表的c  coming from outside 由外部来的，外来的；属于外面的 2 Cinematog.  outdoor 【电影】露天的，户外的 ●n.  1  the outward aspect or surface of a building etc. 建筑物的外部；建筑物的外墙 2  the outward or apparent behaviour or demeanour of a person 一个人外在的行为举止 3 Cinematog.  an outdoor scene 【电影】露天场景，户外景观，外景 □ exteriority  /-ˈɒriti/ n.  □ exteriorize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ exteriorly  adv.   [Latin, comparative of exterus ‘outside’]

exterior angle n.  the angle between the side of a rectilinear figure and the adjacent side extended outward 外角

exterminate /ikˈstɜ:mineit, ek-/ v. tr.  1  destroy utterly (esp. something living) 消除，消灭(尤指活物) 2  get rid of; eliminate (a pest, disease, etc.) 消灭，除去，杀死(害虫、疾病等) □ extermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exterminator  n.  □ exterminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin exterminare exterminat- (as EX-1, terminus ‘boundary’)]

external /ikˈstɜ:n(ə)l, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or situated on the outside or visible part 外部的，外在的b  coming or derived from the outside or an outside source 从外面产生的，源于外部的 2  relating to a country's foreign affairs 外交的，国外事务的 3  outside the conscious subject 精神之外的，意识之外的  the external world  外部世界 4 (of medicine etc.) for use on the outside of the body (指药物等)外用的；外涂的，外擦的 5  for or concerning students taking the examinations of a university without attending it 函授的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  the outward features or aspect 外部特征，外观 2  external circumstances 外部环境 3  inessentials 无关紧要或非核心的东西 □ externality  /ekstɜ:ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ externally  adv.   [medieval Latin from Latin externus, from exterus ‘outside’]

external evidence n.  evidence derived from a source independent of the thing discussed 外来的证据，外证

externalize /ikˈstɜ:n(ə)laiz, ek-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  give or attribute external existence to 使成为外部的 □ externalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

exteroceptive /ˌekstərəʊˈseptiv/ adj. Biol.  relating to stimuli produced outside an organism 【生】外感受的 [formed irregularly from Latin externus ‘exterior’ + RECEPTIVE]

exterritorial /ˌeksteriˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  = EXTRATERRITORIAL  □ exterritoriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  

extinct /ikˈstiŋkt, ek-/ adj.  1 (of a family, class, or species) that has died out (指家庭、阶级、物种)消亡的，灭绝的，绝种的 2  a (of fire etc.) no longer burning (指火等)熄灭的b (of a volcano) that no longer erupts (指火山)死的，不再喷发的 3 (of life, hope, etc.) terminated, quenched (生活、希望等)终结的，破灭了的 4 (of an office etc.) obsolete (指行政机构等)废除的 5 (of a title of nobility) having no qualified claimant (指贵族称号)无合法继承人的 [Middle English from Latin exstinguere exstinct- (as EX-1, stinguere ‘quench’)]

extinction /ikˈstiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act of making extinct; the state of being or process of becoming extinct 灭绝，消亡，绝种 2  the act of extinguishing; the state of being extinguished 消灭；熄灭；灭亡 3  total destruction or annihilation 全部消灭，杀光，斩绝 4  the wiping out of a debt 还清债务 5 Physics  a reduction in the intensity of radiation by absorption, scattering, etc. 【物理学】降低辐射强度 □ extinctive  adj.   [Latin extinctio (as EXTINCT)]

extinguish /ikˈstiŋɡwiʃ, ek-/ v. tr.  1  cause (a flame, light, etc.) to die out; put out 扑灭(火)，使(灯等)关掉，熄灭 2  make extinct; annihilate, destroy 灭绝，消灭  a programme to extinguish disease  一个消灭疾病的计划 3  put an end to; terminate; obscure utterly (a feeling, quality, etc.) 终结，终止，使完全暗淡，使减色 4  a  abolish; wipe out (a debt) 偿清，清除(债务)b Law  render void 【法律】使无效 □ extinguishable  adj.  □ extinguishment  n.   [formed irregularly from Latin extinguere (as EXTINCT): cf. distinguish]

extinguisher /ikˈstiŋɡwiʃə, ek-/ n.  a person or thing that extinguishes, esp. = FIRE EXTINGUISHER 熄火者，扑火者；消火者；消火器；熄火器，灭火器 (尤指)

extirpate /ˈekstəpeit/ v. tr.  root out; destroy completely 彻底摧毁，连根拔掉 □ extirpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extirpator  n.   [Latin exstirpare exstirpat- (as EX-1, stirps ‘stem’)]

extol /ikˈstəʊl, ek-/ v. tr. (extolled, extolling)  praise enthusiastically 夸奖，热情赞扬 □ extoller  n.  □ extolment  n.   [Latin extollere (as EX-1, tollere ‘raise’)]

extort /ikˈstɔ:t, ek-/ v. tr.  obtain by force, threats, persistent demands, etc. 强取，勒索 □ extorter  n.  □ extortive  adj.   [Latin extorquēre extort- (as EX-1, torquēre ‘twist’)]

extortion /ikˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extorting, esp. money 勒索，强取(尤指钱财) 2  illegal exaction 非法勒索，非法逼取 □ extortioner  n.  □ extortionist  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin extortio (as EXTORT)]

extortionate /ikˈstɔ:ʃ(ə)nət, ek-/ adj.  1 (of a price etc.) exorbitant (指价格)索要高价的 2  using or given to extortion 勒索的，强取豪夺的  extortionate methods  勒索的手段 □ extortionately  adv.  

extra /ˈekstrə/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  additional; more than is usual or necessary or expected 额外的，附加的 ●adv.  1  more than usually 额外地，另外地 2  additionally 附加地  was charged extra  要求额外付款 ●n.  1  an extra thing 额外物，附加物 2  a thing for which an extra charge is made 另外收费的项目 3  a person engaged temporarily to fill out a scene in a film or play, esp. as one of a crowd 额外人手，(扮演群众的)临时演员 4  a special issue of a newspaper etc. (报纸的)号外，增刊 5 Cricket  a run scored other than from a hit with the bat, and credited to the batting side but not to an individual batsman 【板球】(非击球所得的)额外加分 [probably a shortening of EXTRAORDINARY]

extra- /ˈekstrə/ prefix  1  outside, beyond (extragalactic 银河系外的) 外部的，…以外的 2  beyond the scope of (extra-curricular 课外的) 在…范围以外的 [medieval Latin from Latin extra ‘outside’]

extracellular /ekstrəˈseljʊlə/ adj.  situated or taking place outside a cell or cells 细胞外的

extra cover n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielding position on a line between cover point and mid-off, but beyond these 额外截堵员的位置 2  a fielder at this position 额外截堵员

extract v. & n. ●v. tr. /ikˈstrækt, ek-/  1  remove or take out, esp. by effort or force (anything firmly rooted) 提取；榨取；移出，拔出(尤指用力) 2  obtain (money, an admission, etc.) with difficulty or against a person's will 把…(钱、应允等)弄到手；诈取；强取 3  obtain (a natural resource) from the earth (从地下)开采自然资源 4  select or reproduce for quotation or performance (a passage of writing, music, etc.) 节选，节取，摘录(文章、音乐等) 5  obtain (juice etc.) by suction, pressure, distillation, etc. 吸取；榨取；蒸馏(果汁等) 6  derive (pleasure etc.) 获得(快乐等) 7 Math.  find (the root of a number) 【数】求(根)，开(方) 8 archaic  deduce (a principle etc.) [古义]推论(原理等) ●n. /ˈekstrækt/  1  a short passage taken from a book, piece of music, etc.; an excerpt 节选，摘录 2  a preparation containing the active principle of a substance in concentrated form 精华；浓缩物  malt extract  麦乳精 □ extractable  adj.  □ extractability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin extrahere extract- (as EX-1, trahere ‘draw’)]

extraction /ikˈstrækʃ(ə)n, ek-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of extracting; the process of being extracted 抽取，吸取；榨取；萃取；采掘 2  the removal of a tooth 拔牙 3  origin, lineage, descent 血统，血缘，世系  of Indian extraction  印第安人血统 [Middle English via French from Late Latin extractio -onis (as EXTRACT)]

extractive /ikˈstræktiv, ek-/ adj.  of or involving extraction, esp. extensive extracting of natural resources without provision for their renewal 榨取的(尤指对自然资源的任意)掘取的

extractor /ikˈstræktə, ek-/ n.  1  a person or machine that extracts 榨取者，抽取者；榨汁机，萃取器，提取器 2 (作 attrib.) (of a device) that extracts stale air etc. or ventilates a room 抽气，换气，通风(装置)  extractor fan  排风扇 extractor hood  通风罩

extra-curricular /ekstrəkəˈrikjʊlə/ adj. (of an activity at school, college, etc.) not included in the normal curriculum 课外的

extraditable /ˈekstrədaitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  liable to extradition 可引渡的 2 (of a crime) warranting extradition (指罪行)足以使犯人可被引渡的

extradite /ˈekstrədait/ v. tr.  hand over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the foreign state etc. in which the crime was committed 引渡(罪犯) [back-formation from EXTRADITION]

extradition /ekstrəˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the extraditing of a person accused or convicted of a crime 引渡 2 Psychol.  the localizing of a sensation at a distance from the centre of sensation 【心】心灵感应 [French as EX-1, TRADITION]

extrados /ikˈstreidɒs, ek-/ n. Archit.  the upper or outer curve of an arch (opp. 反义 INTRADOS) 【建】拱背，拱的外缘线 [as EXTRA- + French dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum]

extragalactic /ekstrəɡəˈlæktik/ adj.  occurring or existing outside the Galaxy 发生(或存在)于银河外的，星系外的

extrajudicial /ekstrədʒu:ˈdiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not legally authorized 未经合法授权的，超越法律的 2 (of a confession etc.) not made in court 法庭外(认罪)的 □ extrajudicially  adv.  

extralinguistic /ekstrəliŋˈɡwistik/ adj.  outside the field of linguistics or the bounds of language 超语言的

extramarital /ekstrəˈmærit(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of sexual relations) occurring outside marriage (尤指两性关系)婚外的 □ extramaritally  adv.  

extramundane /ekstrəˈmʌndein/ adj.  outside or beyond the physical world 物质世界之外的

extramural /ekstrəˈmjʊər(ə)l/ adj.  1  taught or conducted off the premises of a university, college, or school 校外(教授)的，院本部以外的 2 Brit.  additional to normal teaching or studies, esp. for non-resident students [英] (教学)额外的(尤指对走读生的) 3  outside the walls or boundaries of a town or city 城(墙)外的，市区外的 □ extramurally  adv.   [Latin extra muros ‘outside the walls’]

extraneous /ikˈstreiniəs, ek-/ adj.  1  of external origin 外来的，起源于外部的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  separate from the object to which it is attached etc. 分离的，剥离的b  external to; irrelevant or unrelated to 外接的，不相关的，无联系的 □ extraneously  adv.  □ extraneousness  n.   [Latin extraneus]

extraordinary /ikˈstrɔ:d(ə)n(ə)ri, ek-, ekstrəˈɔ:din(ə)ri/ adj.  1  unusual or remarkable; out of the usual course 特别出色的，非常优秀的，不一般的 2  unusually great 特别伟大的；巨大的；不寻常的  an extraordinary talent  极高的天赋 3  a (of an official etc.) additional; specially employed (指雇员等)特聘的；专雇的  envoy extraordinary  外交特使b (of a meeting) specially convened (指会议)特别召开的；专门的 □ extraordinarily  adv.  □ extraordinariness  n.   [Latin extraordinarius from extra ordinem ‘outside the usual order’]

extrapolate /ikˈstræpəleit, ek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1 Math. 【数】  a  extend (a range of values or a curve) by inferring unknown values from trends in the known data 推断，推知b  calculate (unknown values etc.) by extension of trends in a known range of values etc. 推算，演算 2  infer more widely from a limited range of known facts 推论，推断 □ extrapolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extrapolative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ extrapolator  n.   [EXTRA- + INTERPOLATE]

extrasensory /ekstrəˈsens(ə)ri/ adj.  derived by means other than the known senses, e.g. by telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. 超感的，特异的(如心灵遥感、透视功能等)  extrasensory perception  超感能力

extraterrestrial /ekstrətiˈrestriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  outside the earth or its atmosphere 地球以外的，大气层外的 2 (in science fiction) from outer space (科幻小说中的)来自于外太空的 ●n. (in science fiction) a being from outer space (科幻作品中的)太空人，宇宙人，外星人

extraterritorial /ˌekstrəteriˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  situated or (of laws etc.) valid outside a country's territory (法律等)国外(有效)的 2 (of an ambassador etc.) free from the jurisdiction of the territory of residence (大使等外交官)外交豁免的，有外交豁免权的 □ extraterritoriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.   [Latin extra territorium ‘outside the territory’]

extra time n. esp. Brit.  a further period of play at the end of a match when the scores are equal [尤英] (体育比赛的)延长期比赛，加时赛

extravagance /ikˈstrævəɡ(ə)ns, ek-/ n.  1  excessive spending or use of resources; being extravagant 豪华，奢侈，浪费 2  an instance or item of this 奢侈；浪费；奢侈品 □ extravagancy  n. (pl. -ies)   [French (as EXTRAVAGANT)]

extravagant /ikˈstrævəɡ(ə)nt, ek-/ adj.  1  spending (esp. money) excessively; immoderate or wasteful in use of resources (花钱)大手大脚的，浪费的；奢侈的 2  exorbitant; costing much 昂贵的，价格过高的 3  exceeding normal restraint or sense; unreasonable, absurd 过分的；无理的，荒唐的  extravagant claims  过分的要求 □ extravagantly  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin extravagari (as EXTRA-, vagari ‘wander’)]

extravaganza /ikˌstrævəˈɡænzə, ek-/ n.  1  a fanciful literary, musical, or dramatic composition 狂文；狂曲；狂剧 2  a spectacular theatrical or television production, esp. of light entertainment 吸引观众的戏剧或电视节目(尤指轻松的娱乐) [Italian estravaganza ‘extravagance’]

extravasate /ikˈstrævəseit, ek-/ v. esp. Med. (尤)【医】  1 tr.  force out (a fluid, esp. blood) from its proper vessel 排出(液体，尤指血液) 2 intr. (of blood, lava, etc.) flow out (血液、火山熔岩等)流出 □ extravasation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin extra ‘outside’ + vas ‘vessel’]

extravehicular /ekstrəvi:ˈhikjʊlə/ adj.  outside a vehicle, esp. a spacecraft 在车外的，在船外的，(尤指)在宇宙飞船外的，舱外的

extravert var.  of EXTROVERT  EXTROVERT 的变体

extrema pl.  of EXTREMUM  

extreme /ikˈstri:m, ek-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  reaching a high or the highest degree; exceedingly great or intense; exceptional 特别的，极端的  extreme old age  特别年长 in extreme danger  处于极度危险 2  a  severe, stringent; lacking restraint or moderation 严重的；不受限制的，无克制的  take extreme measures  采取极端措施 an extreme reaction  过火的反应b (of a person, opinion, etc.) going to great lengths; advocating immoderate measures (指人、思想等)极端的，激进的 3  outermost; furthest from the centre; situated at either end 终极的；终端的，末端的  the extreme edge  最边缘 4 Polit.  on the far left or right of a party 【政】政党中极左或极右的 5  utmost; last 最，最终的 ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  one or other of two things as remote or as different as possible 大相径庭的事物，差异悬殊的事物 2  a thing at either end of anything 末端，末梢，物体的两端 3  the highest or most extreme degree of anything 极端，极限，极点 4 Math.  the first or the last term of a ratio or series 【数】比率或数列的首数或尾数 5 Logic  the subject or predicate in a proposition; the major or the minor term in a syllogism 【逻辑学】命题的主词或谓词(三段论中的大项或小项) □ go to extremes   take an extreme course of action 走极端□ go to the other extreme   take a diametrically opposite course of action 走向事物的反面□ in the extreme   to an extreme degree 最大程度上□ extremely  adv.  □ extremeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin extremus, superlative of exterus ‘outward’]

extreme unction n. RC Ch. (former name for) the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, esp. when administered to the dying. 【天主教】给患病者涂油的仪式，(尤指)给临终者涂油的仪式

extremist /ikˈstri:mist, ek-/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a person who holds extreme or fanatical political or religious views and esp. resorts to or advocates extreme action 极端分子，激进分子 □ extremism  n.  

extremity /ikˈstremiti, ek-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the extreme point; the very end 极端，终极，穷极 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the hands and feet 手脚，四肢 3  a condition of extreme adversity or difficulty 极端困难的环境、条件等 [Middle English from Old French extremité or Latin extremitas (as EXTREME)]

extremum /ikˈstri:məm, ek-/ n. (pl. extremums or extrema /-mə/) Math.  the maximum or minimum value of a function 【数】极值 □ extremal  adj.   [Latin, neut. of extremus EXTREME]

extricate /ˈekstrikeit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  free or disentangle from a constraint or difficulty 使脱离困境，摆脱束缚 □ extricable  adj.  □ extrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin extricare extricat- (as EX-1, tricae ‘perplexities’)]

extrinsic /ikˈstrinsik, ek-/ adj.  1  not inherent or intrinsic; not essential (opp. 反义 INTRINSIC) 非固有的；非内在的；非本质的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  extraneous; lying outside; not belonging (to) 属于外部的，外因的 3  originating or operating from without 外生的，外来的，外源的 □ extrinsically  adv.   [Late Latin extrinsicus ‘outward’ from Latin extrinsecus (adv.) from exter ‘outside’ + secus ‘beside’]

extrovert /ˈekstrəvɜ:t/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 extravert) ●n.  1  an outgoing or sociable person 性格外向的人，爱交际的人 2 Psychol.  a person predominantly concerned with external things or objective considerations 【心】(性格)外向的人 ●adj.  typical or characteristic of an extrovert 性格外向的，外向性的 □ extroversion  /-ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ extroverted  adj.   [extro- = EXTRA- (on the pattern of intro-) + Latin vertere ‘turn’]■Usage 用法说明 The original spelling, extravert, is often preferred in technical use. 作为专业术语使用时最好用 extravert 的拼法。 

extrude /ikˈstru:d, ek-/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 from)  thrust or force out 突出；伸出；使…外突 2  shape metal, plastic, etc., by forcing it through a die 铸造，通过模具使成型 □ extrusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ extrusile  /-sail/ adj.  □ extrusive  /-siv/ adj.   [Latin extrudere extrus- (as EX-1, trudere ‘thrust’)]

exuberant /iɡˈzju:b(ə)r(ə)nt, eɡ-/ adj.  1  lively, high-spirited 活泼的，精神饱满的 2 (of a plant etc.) prolific; growing copiously (植物等)生长茂盛的，繁茂的 3 (of feelings etc.) abounding, lavish, effusive (感情等)丰富的，洋溢的 □ exuberance  n.  □ exuberantly  adv.   [French exubérant from Latin exuberare (as EX-1, uberare ‘be fruitful’ from uber ‘fertile’)]

exuberate /iɡˈzju:bəreit, eɡ-/ v. intr.  be exuberant 使茂盛，使丰富

exude /iɡˈzju:d, eɡ-/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (of a liquid, moisture, etc.) escape or cause to escape gradually; ooze out; give off (使) (液体、湿气等)逐渐散去，逐渐流失，慢慢散发 2 tr.  emit (a smell) 发出，散发(气味) 3 tr.  display (an emotion etc.) freely or abundantly (情感等)无拘无束地流露，毫不掩饰地坦露  exuded displeasure  流露不满 □ exudate  /ˈeɡzjʊdeit/ n.  □ exudation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exudative  /iɡˈzju:dətiv, eɡ-/ adj.   [Latin exsudare (as EX-1, sudare ‘sweat’)]

exult /iɡˈzʌlt, eɡ-/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, over, or to + infin.)  1  be greatly joyful 异常高兴，特别高兴 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  have a feeling of triumph (over a person) 欢欣鼓舞，(因战胜某人而)狂喜 □ exultancy  n.  □ exultant  adj.  □ exultantly  adv.  □ exultation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ exultingly  adv.   [Latin exsultare (as EX-1, saltare, frequentative of salire salt- ‘leap’)]

exurb /ˈeksɜ:b/ n.  a district outside a city or town, esp. a prosperous area beyond the suburbs 城外，市外，(尤指)远郊的繁华地区 □ exurban  /ekˈsɜ:b(ə)n/ adj.  □ exurbanite  /ekˈsɜ:b(ə)nait/ n.   [Latin ex ‘out of’ + urbs ‘city’, or back-formation from exurban (as EX-1 + URBAN, on the pattern of suburban)]

exurbia /ekˈsɜ:biə/ n.  the exurbs collectively; the region beyond the suburbs (总称)城市远郊 [EX-1, on the pattern of suburbia]

exuviae /iɡˈzju:vii:, eɡ-/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  an animal's cast skin or covering (动物)脱落的皮或壳 □ exuvial  adj.   [Latin, = animal's skins, spoils of the enemy, from exuere ‘divest oneself of’]

exuviate /iɡˈzju:vieit, eɡ-/ v. tr.  shed (a skin etc.) 蜕皮，脱壳 □ exuviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

ex-voto /eksˈvəʊtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an offering made in pursuance of a vow 还愿 [Latin, = out of a vow]

-ey /i/ suffix var.  of -Y2 -Y2 的变体

eyas /ˈaiəs/ n.  a young hawk, esp. one taken from the nest for training in falconry 小鹰(尤指取自鹰巢，用以训练成猎鹰的小鹰) [originally nyas from French niais, ultimately from Latin nidus ‘nest’: for loss of n- cf. ADDER]

eye /ai/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the organ of sight in humans and other animals (人或动物的)眼睛，目，视觉器官b  the light-detecting organ in some invertebrates (某些无脊椎动物身上的)感光器 2  the eye characterized by the colour of the iris 不同虹膜颜色的眼睛  has blue eyes  蓝眼睛 3  the region round the eye 眼圈，眼球周围的部位  eyes red from weeping  哭红的一双眼 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  sight; the faculty of sight 视力，目力  demonstrate to the eye  演示观看 need perfect eyes to be a pilot  飞行员需要极好的视力 5  a particular visual faculty or talent; visual appreciation 特别的视力，鉴赏力  a straight eye  洞察的眼光 cast an expert eye over  以专家的眼光来看 6 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a look, gaze, or glance, esp. as indicating the disposition of the viewer 目光，眼神(尤指用来表明观者的态度)  a friendly eye  友好的目光 7  mental awareness; consciousness 意识，知觉 8  a person or animal etc. that sees on behalf of another 代观者，代看者 9  = ELECTRIC EYE  10 slang [俚语]  = PRIVATE EYE  11  a thing like an eye, esp. 形状像眼睛的物体，(尤指):a  a spot on a peacock's tail (cf. 参见 EYELET n. 3) 孔雀尾羽上的斑点b  the leaf bud of a potato 土豆的叶芽 12  the centre of something circular, e.g. a flower or target 圆形物的中心(如花心或靶心) 13  the relatively calm region at the centre of a storm or hurricane 台风眼 14  an aperture in an implement, esp. a needle, for the insertion of something, e.g. thread 工具上穿东西用的孔眼，(尤指穿线等的)针眼 15  a ring or loop for a bolt or hook etc. to pass through 供螺栓插入的圈(或环) ●v. tr. (eyes, eyed, eyeing or eying) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  watch or observe closely, esp. admiringly or with curiosity or suspicion 打量；注视，仔细察看(尤指赞赏地、好奇地、怀疑地看) □ all eyes   1  watching intently 全神贯注地监视 2  general attention 大家都在注视  all eyes were on us  大家都看着我们□ before one's (or one's very) eyes   right in front of one 就在眼前，在眼皮底下□ do a person in the eye  Brit. colloq.  defraud or thwart a person [英口]欺骗或阻挠某人□ an eye for an eye   retaliation in kind (Exod. 21:24) 以同样方式报复，以同样方式还击；以牙还牙，以眼还眼□ eye of a needle   see 见 NEEDLE'S EYE □ eyes front (or left or right)  Mil.  a command to turn the head in the direction stated 【军】向…瞄准□ get (or keep) one's eye in  Brit. Sport  accustom oneself (or keep oneself accustomed) to the conditions of play so as to judge speed, distance, etc. [英]【运动】熟悉场地□ have an eye for   be capable of perceiving or appreciating 有鉴赏…的眼光，有眼力□ have one's eye on   wish or plan to procure 希望(或计划)获得□ have eyes for   be interested in; wish to acquire 对…感兴趣；想得到□ have an eye to   have as one's objective; prudently consider 把…作为自己的目标；认真考虑要…□ hit a person in the eye (or between the eyes)  colloq.  be very obvious or impressive [口]很明显，给人印象深刻□ keep an eye on   1  pay attention to 注意，关注 2  look after; take care of 照料，照看□ keep an eye open (or out)  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  watch out carefully 留心，密切注视□ keep one's eyes open (or peeled or Brit. [英] skinned)   watch out; be on the alert 警惕，小心□ lower one's eyes   look modestly or sheepishly down or away 谦虚地(或羞怯地)将目光移开(或向下看)□ make eyes (or sheep's eyes)  (foll. by 后跟 at)  look amorously or flirtatiously at 色迷迷地看，挑逗地看□ my (or all my) eye  slang  nonsense [俚语] (完全)胡说八道□ one in the eye  (foll. by 后跟 for)  a disappointment or setback 令人失望之事(或物)，挫伤□ open a person's eyes   be enlightening or revealing to a person 打开眼界，长见识□ raise one's eyes   look upwards 抬眼看，向上看□ see eye to eye  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be in full agreement 完全同意，完全赞同□ set eyes on   catch sight of 瞩目于，见到□ take one's eyes off  (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  stop watching; stop paying attention to 不再看，不再关注，不再注意□ under the eye of   under the supervision or observation of 在…的观察下，在…的监视下□ up to the (or one's) eyes in   1  deeply engaged or involved in; inundated with 深深卷入，深陷  up to the eyes in work  工作繁忙 2  to the utmost limit 至极限，到顶  mortgaged up to the eyes  全都抵押进去了□ with one's eyes open   deliberately; with full awareness 清醒地，充分意识到□ with one's eyes shut (or closed)   1  easily; with little effort 很容易，不费力气地 2  without awareness; unobservantly 未察觉，不知晓  goes around with his eyes shut  毫不知晓地闲逛□ with an eye to   with a view to; prudently considering 经过思考的，有…的企图□ with a friendly (or jealous etc.) eye   with a feeling of friendship, jealousy, etc. 带着…(友谊、忌妒等)的感情□ with one eye on   directing one's attention partly to 将部分注意力放到…上□ with one eye shut   easily; with little effort 很容易，不费劲  could do this with one eye shut  这件事闭着眼就能做□ eyed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ eyeless  adj.   [Old English ēage, from Germanic]

eyeball /ˈaibɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  the ball of the eye within the lids and socket 眼球，眼珠 ●v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1 tr.  look or stare at 盯，看 2 intr.  look or stare 盯，看 □ eyeball to eyeball   confronting closely 针锋相对，面对面地□ to (or up to) the eyeballs  colloq.  completely (permeated, soaked, etc.) [口]完全地(浸透，湿透等)

eyebath /ˈaibɑ:θ/ n.  a small glass or vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye 洗眼杯，洗眼器

eyeblack /ˈaiblæk/ n. archaic [古义]  = MASCARA 

eye bolt n.  a bolt or bar with an eye at the end for a hook etc. 吊环螺栓，环首螺栓，有眼螺栓

eyebright /ˈaibrait/ n.  any plant of the genus Euphrasia, traditionally used as a remedy for weak eyes 小米草(民间用其来治疗弱视)

eyebrow /ˈaibraʊ/ n.  the line of hair growing on the ridge above the eye socket 眉，眉毛 □ raise one's eyebrows (or an eyebrow)   show surprise, disbelief, or mild disapproval 惊讶，表示不相信(或不赞同)

eye-catching adj.  striking, attractive 引人注目的，动人的

eye contact n.  looking directly into another person's eyes 目光接触，目光交流

eyecup /ˈaikʌp/ n.  = EYEBATH 

eyeful /ˈaifʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls) colloq. [口]  1  a long steady look 饱览，长时间凝视 2  a visually striking person or thing 引人注目的人或物 3  anything thrown or blown into the eye 映入眼帘的事物，引起注意的事物

eyeglass /ˈaiɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a  a lens for correcting or assisting defective sight (眼)镜片b (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of these held in the hand or kept in position on the nose by means of a frame or a spring (手持或戴的)眼镜c (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SPECTACLES  2  a small glass vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye 洗眼杯

eyehole /ˈaihəʊl/ n.  a hole to look through 观察孔，观测孔

eye language n.  the process of communication by the expression of the eyes 眼语

eyelash /ˈailæʃ/ n.  each of the hairs growing on the edges of the eyelids (眼)睫毛 □ by an eyelash   by a very small margin 很窄，狭窄

eyelet /ˈailit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small hole in paper, leather, cloth, etc., for string or rope etc. to pass through (纸、皮革、布等上的)小孔，洞眼 2  a metal ring reinforcement for this 用来加固孔眼的金属环 3  a small eye, esp. the ocellus on a butterfly's wing (cf. 参见 EYE n. 11a) 眼点，单眼(尤指蝴蝶翅膀上的眼状花纹) 4  a form of decoration in embroidery 绣品上的镶边圆孔装饰 5  a small hole for observation, shooting through, etc. 观察孔，射击孔 ●v. tr. (eyeleted, eyeleting)  provide with eyelets 使有孔 [Middle English via Old French oillet, diminutive of oil ‘eye’ from Latin oculus]

eye level n.  the level seen by the eyes looking horizontally 视平线 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : eye-level grill  与眼齐平的铁架

eyelid /ˈailid/ n.  the upper or lower fold of skin closing to cover the eye 眼皮，眼睑

eyeliner /ˈailainə/ n.  a cosmetic applied as a line round the eye (化妆用的)眼线

eye mask n.  1  a covering of soft material saturated with a lotion for refreshing the eyes (做眼部护理用的)眼膜 2  a covering for the eyes 眼罩

eye-opener n. colloq. [口]  1  an enlightening experience; an unexpected revelation 开眼界的经历，未预料到的启示 2 US  an alcoholic drink taken on waking up [美] (刚睡醒时喝的)空肚酒 □ eye-opening  adj.  

eyepatch /ˈaipætʃ/ n.  a patch worn to protect an injured eye 眼罩

eyepiece /ˈaipi:s/ n.  the lens or lenses to which the eye is applied at the end of a microscope, telescope, etc. 目镜

eye-rhyme n.  a correspondence of words in spelling but not in pronunciation (e.g. 如 love and move) (英文)视觉韵(拼写相近但发音不押韵的)单词

eye-shade n.  a device to protect the eyes, esp. from strong light 眼罩(尤指用以防强光)

eyeshadow /ˈaiʃædəʊ/ n.  a coloured cosmetic applied to the skin round the eyes 眼影

eyeshot /ˈaiʃɒt/ n.  seeing-distance 视界，视野  out of eyeshot  视野之外

eyesight /ˈaisait/ n.  the faculty or power of seeing 视力，目力

eyesore /ˈaisɔ:/ n.  a visually offensive or ugly thing, esp. a building 难看的(或刺眼的，碍眼的)东西(尤指建筑)

eye-spot n.  1  a  a light-sensitive area on the bodies of some invertebrate animals, e.g. flatworms, starfish, etc. ; also called 亦称作 ocellus 眼点(无脊椎动物身上的感光部位)b Bot.  an area of light-sensitive pigment found in some algae etc. 【植】光敏斑，光敏区(某些藻类中发现的含有光敏色素的部位) 2  a fungal disease of plants characterized by yellowish oval spots on the leaves and stems 黄斑病(由真菌感染引起的一种植物疾病，叶子或茎上生有黄色椭圆形斑点)

eye-stalk n.  a movable stalk carrying the eye, esp. in crabs, shrimps, etc. (蟹、虾等的可移动的)眼柄

eye strain n.  fatigue of the (internal or external) muscles of the eye 眼(部肌肉)疲劳

Eyetie /ˈaitai/ n. & adj. Brit. slang offens.  Italian [英] [俚语] [冒犯]意大利人(的)；意大利的；意大利语(的) [jocular pronunciation (abbreviation) of Italian]

eye-tooth n.  a canine tooth just under or next to the eye, esp. one in the upper jaw 眼牙，上尖牙，上犬齿

eyewash /ˈaiwɒʃ/ n.  1  lotion for the eye 洗眼剂，眼药水 2 slang  nonsense, bunkum; pretentious or insincere talk [俚语]胡说八道，骗人的鬼话

eyewitness /ˈaiwitnis/ n.  a person who has personally seen a thing done or happen and can give evidence of it 目击者，目击证人

eye-worm n.  a nematode worm, Loa loa, parasitic on humans and other primates in Central and West Africa 眼虫(在中西非寄生在人类或灵长类眼部的一种寄生虫) [because it infects the eyes]

eyot var.  of AIT  AIT 的变体

eyra /ˈeirə/ n. Zool.  a red form of jaguarundi 【动】美洲山猫 [Tupi (e)irara]

Eyre /eə/ n.  埃尔湖 [南澳大利亚]

eyrie /ˈiəri, ˈairi, ˈɛəri/ n. (also 亦作 aerie)  1  a nest of a bird of prey, esp. an eagle, built high up 猛禽的巢(尤指建在高处者) 2  a house etc. perched high up 建在高处的房舍 [medieval Latin aeria, aerea, etc., probably from Old French aire ‘lair’, ultimately from Latin agrum ‘piece of ground’]

Ezek. abbr.  Ezekiel (Old Testament) [缩略]《以西结书》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

F1 /ef/ n. (also 亦作 f) (pl. Fs or F's)  1  the sixth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 6 个字母 2 Mus.  the fourth note of the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶中的第四音

F2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 F.)  1  Fahrenheit  2  female  3 Brit.  fine (pencil lead) [英]细的(铅笔心) 4 Biol.  filial generation (as F1 for the first filial generation, F2 for the second, etc. 如 F1 表示杂种子一代， F2 表示杂种子二代，等等) 【生】子代，杂交后代

F3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element fluorine 【化】(化学元素)氟 2  farad(s)  3  force  4 (作 F) Electr. 【电】  faraday 

f1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 f.)  1  female  2  feminine  3  following page etc. 下页等 4 (作 f) Mus. 【音】  forte  5  folio  6  filly  7  foreign 

f2 symb. [符]  1  focal length (cf. 参见 F-NUMBER) 焦距 2  femto-  3  frequency 

FA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Football Association (英国)足球协会 2  = FANNY ADAMS 1 

fa var.  of FAH  FAH 的变体

FAA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Fleet Air Arm (英国)海军航空兵 2 (in the US) Federal Aviation Administration (美国)联邦航空局

fab /fæb/ adj. colloq.  fabulous, marvellous [口]极好的，绝妙的 [abbreviation]

Fabian /ˈfeibiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member or supporter of the Fabian Society, an organization of socialists aiming at a gradual rather than revolutionary achievement of socialism 费边社社员；费边社支持者(费边社为一社会主义者组织，其目标是用渐进而非革命的方式实现社会主义) ●adj.  1  relating to or characteristic of the Fabians 有关费边社(社员)的；费边社(社员)特有的 2  employing a cautiously persistent and dilatory strategy to wear out an enemy 使用谨慎不懈和拖延策略以消耗敌人的  Fabian tactics  拖延的耗敌策略 □ Fabianism  n.  费边主义□ Fabianist  n.  费边主义者 [Latin Fabianus, from the name of Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator (= delayer), Roman general of the 3rd c. BC, noted for cautious strategies]

fable /ˈfeib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a story, esp. a supernatural one, not based on fact 故事(尤指虚构的故事)b  a tale, esp. with animals as characters, conveying a moral 寓言 2 (collect. 集合名词)  myths and legendary tales 神话；传说  in fable  传说中的 3  a  a false statement; a lie 无稽之谈；谎言b  a thing only supposed to exist 假定存在的事物 ●v.  1 intr.  tell fictitious tales 讲故事；编寓言 2 tr.  describe fictitiously 虚构，杜撰；撒谎 3 tr. (as 作 fabled adj.)  celebrated in fable; famous, legendary 寓言中著名的；有名的；传奇的 □ fabler  /ˈfeiblə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French fabler from Latin fabulari, from fabula ‘discourse’ from fari ‘speak’]

fabliau /ˈfæbliəʊ/ n. (pl. fabliaux /-əʊz/)  a metrical tale in early French poetry, often coarsely humorous (法国早期诗歌中的)故事诗(常粗俗而幽默) [French from Old French dialect fabliaux, -ax, pl. of fablel diminutive of fable, from Latin fabula (see FABLE)]

Fablon /ˈfæblɒn/ n. propr.  flexible self-adhesive plastic sheeting used for covering furniture, table mats, etc. [商标]凡薄纶(贴家具、桌面等用的带粘胶塑料软薄膜)

fabric /ˈfæbrik/ n.  1  a  a woven material; a textile 织物，织品b  other material resembling woven cloth 仿编织品 2  a structure or framework, esp. the walls, floor, and roof of a building 构造物，构架(尤指建筑物的墙、地板和屋顶) 3 (in abstract senses 用于抽象意义)  the essential structure or essence of a thing 构造，结构；要素；本质  the fabric of society  社会结构 [Middle English via French fabrique from Latin fabrica, from faber ‘worker in metal, stone, etc.’]

fabricate /ˈfæbrikeit/ v. tr.  1  construct or manufacture, esp. from prepared components (尤指用预制件)装配，制造，建造 2  invent or concoct (a story, evidence, etc.) 捏造，编造(故事、证据等) 3  forge (a document) 伪造(文件) □ fabrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fabricator  n.   [Latin fabricare fabricat- (as FABRIC)]

fabric conditioner n.  a liquid added as a conditioner when washing clothes etc. 织物柔顺剂(洗衣服等时添加的调节液)

fabulist /ˈfæbjʊlist/ n.  1  a composer of fables 寓言作家 2  a liar 撒谎者 [French fabuliste from Latin fabula: see FABLE]

fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ adj.  1  incredible, exaggerated, absurd 难以相信的；惊人的；言过其实的；荒谬的  fabulous wealth  惊人的财富 2 colloq.  excellent, marvellous [口]极好的，绝妙的  looking fabulous  看起来好极了 3  a  celebrated in fable 传闻中大名鼎鼎的b  legendary, mythical 传说中的；神话式的 □ fabulosity  /-ˈlɒsiti/ n.  寓言性；虚构性；惊人的性质；寓言□ fabulously  adv.  □ fabulousness  n.   [French fabuleux or Latin fabulosus (as FABLE)]

face /feis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the front of the head from the forehead to the chin 脸，面孔 2  the expression of the facial features 面部表情；脸色  had a happy face  面色愉快 3  composure, coolness, effrontery 镇静；冷漠；厚颜 4  the surface of a thing, esp. as regarded or approached, esp. (物体的)表面；正面(尤指):a  the visible part of a celestial body 天体的可见部分b  a side of a mountain etc. 山坡  the north face  山北坡c  the (usu. vertical) surface of a coal-seam 煤矿的(垂直)采掘面d Geom.  each surface of a solid 【几】(立体图形的)面e  the façade of a building (建筑物的)正面f  the plate of a clock or watch bearing the digits, hands, etc. 钟(或表)的面 5  a  the functional or working side of a tool etc. (器具等的)工作面b  the distinctive side of a playing card (纸牌的)正面c  the obverse of a coin (硬币的)正面 6  = TYPEFACE  7  the outward appearance or aspect 外表，外观；局势，形势  the unacceptable face of capitalism  无法接受的资本主义形势 8  a person, esp. conveying some quality or association (尤指体现某种特性或联想的)人  a face from the past  过去认识的人 some young faces for a change  用几名年轻人以带来新气象 9  esteem, respectable reputation 面子；威信；自尊；尊严  defeat would entail a loss of face  失败将意味着丢失脸面 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  look or be positioned towards or in a certain direction 面向，面对，对着  face towards the window  朝着窗子 facing the window  面向窗子 the room faces north  房间面朝北 2 tr.  be opposite 正对  facing page 20  正对着第 20 页 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 down, out)  meet resolutely or defiantly; confront 毅然相对；勇敢迎接  face one's critics  勇敢地面对批评b  not shrink from 不退却；正视  face the facts  正视现实 4 tr.  present itself to; confront 把…摆在面前；面临  the problem that faces us  我们所面临的问题 faces us with a problem  把问题摆在我们面前 5 tr.  a  cover the surface of (a thing) with a coating, extra layer, etc. 抹盖，覆盖b  put a facing on (a garment) 给(衣服)镶边 6 intr. & tr.  turn or cause to turn in a certain direction (使)转向 □ face down (or downwards)   with the face or surface turned towards the ground, floor, etc. (see also sense 3a of v. 另见动词释义 3a) 面朝下□ face facts (or the facts)   recognize the truth 面对事实；承认现状□ face off   take up an attitude of confrontation, esp. at the start of a fight, game, etc. (尤指打仗、比赛等开始时与对手)对峙□ face the music   put up with or stand up to unpleasant consequences, esp. criticism 忍受(或承担)不愉快的后果(尤指批评)□ face to face  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  facing; confronting each other 面对面□ face up (or upwards)   with the face or surface turned upwards to view 面朝上□ face up to   accept bravely; confront; stand up to 勇敢地接受；大胆地面对(或对付)□ have the face   be shameless enough 恬不知耻地□ in one's (or the) face   1  straight against one; as one approaches 迎面 2  confronting 面临，面对□ in face (or the face) of   1  despite 不管，不顾 2  confronted by 面对着□ in your face   see 见 IN-YOUR-FACE □ let's face it  colloq.  we must be honest or realistic about it [口]让我们正视现实；咱们实话实说吧□ on the face of it   as it would appear 从表面上看；乍看起来□ put a bold (or brave) face on it   accept difficulty etc. cheerfully or with courage 愉快(或勇敢)地面对困难等□ put one's face on  colloq.  apply make-up to one's face [口]给面部化妆□ put a good face on   make (a matter) look well 粉饰，使面目一新□ put a new face on   alter the aspect of 使改观□ save face   preserve esteem; avoid humiliation 保全面子，避免羞辱□ save a person's face   enable a person to save face; forbear from humiliating a person 保全某人面子，避免羞辱某人□ set one's face against   oppose or resist with determination 坚决反对(或抵制)□ show one's face   see 见 SHOW □ to a person's face   openly in a person's presence 当面；直率地□ faced  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  具有…脸型的；有…表面的；有…贴边的□ facing  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin facies]

face-ache n. Brit. [英]  1  neuralgia 面部神经痛 2 slang  a mournful-looking or ugly person [俚语]愁眉苦脸的人；丑陋的人

face card n.  = COURT CARD 

facecloth /ˈfeisklɒθ/ n.  1  a cloth for washing one's face (洗脸用的)毛巾，面巾 2  a smooth-surfaced woollen cloth 光面呢料

face cream n.  a cosmetic cream applied to the face to improve the complexion 面膏，雪花膏

face flannel n. Brit. [英]  = FACECLOTH 1 

faceless /ˈfeislis/ adj.  1  without identity; purposely not identifiable 身份不明的，无法辨认的；匿名的 2  lacking character 无个性的 3  without a face 无脸的，无面的 □ facelessness  n.  

facelift /ˈfeislift/ n.  1  cosmetic surgery to remove wrinkles etc. by tightening the skin of the face (将面部皮肤拉紧以消除皱纹的)整容手术，面部拉皮手术 2  a procedure to improve the appearance of a thing 外观整修，外观美化

face mask n.  1  a mask covering the nose and mouth or nose and eyes 面具，面罩 2  = FACE PACK 

face-off n.  a direct confrontation 对峙，对抗

face pack n. Brit.  a preparation beneficial to the complexion, spread over the face and removed when dry [英]美容洁肤膏；面霜

face paint n.  paint for applying to the face (口红、胭脂等)面部化妆品 □ face-painter  n.  化妆师□ face-painting  n.  化妆

faceplate /ˈfeispleit/ n.  1  an enlarged end or attachment on the end of a mandrel of a lathe, on which work can be mounted (机床装加工件用的)花盘 2  a plate protecting a piece of machinery etc. (机械等的)防护板 3  the glass window of a diver's helmet 潜水员头盔的玻璃窗

face powder n.  a cosmetic powder for reducing the shine on the face (扑面用的)香粉，面粉

facer /ˈfeisə/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a sudden difficulty or obstacle [英] (突然出现的)难题，障碍 2  a blow in the face 面部所受的一击

face-saving n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  the preserving of one's reputation, credibility, etc. 保全面子 □ face-saver  n.  保全面子的举动

facet /ˈfæsit, -et/ n.  1  a particular aspect of a thing (事物的)一个方面 2  one side of a many-sided body, esp. of a cut gem 多面体的面(尤指宝石的琢面) 3  one segment of a compound eye (昆虫复眼的)小眼面 □ faceted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [French facette, diminutive (as FACE, -ETTE)]

facetiae /fəˈsi:ʃii:/ n. pl.  1  pleasantries, witticisms 诙谐言语，打趣文字 2 (in bookselling) pornography 色情书刊；低级噱头 [Latin, pl. of facetia ‘jest’ from facetus ‘witty’]

facetious /fəˈsi:ʃəs/ adj.  1  characterized by flippant or inopportune humour (轻佻或不合时宜地)引人发笑的；诙谐的 2 (of a person) intending to be amusing, esp. inopportunely (尤指在不适当的场合)说笑的；不正经的 □ facetiously  adv.  □ facetiousness  n.   [French facétieux from facétie, from Latin facetia ‘jest’]

face-to-face attrib. adj.  with the people involved facing each other or in each other's presence 面对面的  face-to-face discussions  面对面的讨论

face value n.  1  the nominal value as printed or stamped on money (钱币的)面值；票面价值 2  the superficial appearance or implication of a thing (事物的)表面；字面意义

faceworker /ˈfeiswɜ:kə/ n.  a miner who works at the coalface 在(煤矿)采掘面工作的矿工

facia /ˈfeiʃə/ n. (also 亦作 fascia)  1 Brit. [英]  a  the instrument panel of a motor vehicle (机动车的)仪表板b  any similar panel or plate for operating machinery (用于操纵机器的)仪表板，仪表盘 2  the upper part of a shopfront with the proprietor's name etc. (店门上面的)招牌

facial /ˈfeiʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or for the face 面部的；面部用的 ●n.  a beauty treatment for the face 美容 □ facially  adv.   [medieval Latin facialis (as FACE)]

-facient /ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ comb. form  forming adjectives and nouns indicating an action or state produced (abortifacient 堕胎药) [构词成分]构成形容词和名词，表示行为或造成的状态 [from or after Latin -faciens -entis, part. of facere ‘make’]

facies /ˈfeiʃii:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 Med.  the appearance or facial expression of an individual 【医】面容；外形，外表 2 Geol.  the character of rock etc. expressed by its composition, fossil content, etc. 【地质】相 [Latin, = FACE]

facile /ˈfæsail, -sil/ adj. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1  easily achieved but of little value 容易做到(但价值不大)的 2 (of speech, writing, etc.) fluent, ready, glib (说话或写作等)流畅的，熟练的；口齿伶俐的 □ facilely  adv.  □ facileness  n.   [French facile or Latin facilis, from facere ‘do’]

facilitate /fəˈsiliteit/ v. tr.  make easy or less difficult or more easily achieved 使变得容易；使更容易做到 □ facilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ facilitative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ facilitator  n.   [French faciliter via Italian facilitare, from facile ‘easy’, from Latin facilis]

facility /fəˈsiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ease; absence of difficulty 容易；简易；方便，便利 2  fluency, dexterity, aptitude 流畅；机敏，灵巧；技巧  facility of expression  表达流畅 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an opportunity, the equipment, or the resources for doing something 机会；设备；资源 4 US  a plant, installation, or establishment [美]工厂；设施；机构 [French facilité or Latin facilitas (as FACILE)]

facing /ˈfeisiŋ/ n.  1  a  a layer of material covering part of a garment etc. for contrast or strength (衣服等上的)贴边，镶边b (in pl. 用复数)  the cuffs, collar, etc., of a military jacket (军装上衣的)袖口、衣领等 2  an outer layer covering the surface of a wall etc. (覆盖墙壁等表面的)饰面；覆盖面

facsimile /fækˈsimili/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an exact copy, esp. of writing, printing, a picture, etc. (文字、印刷品、图画等)精确的复制；摹写 often 常作 attrib.: facsimile edition  摹真版 2  a  production of an exact copy of a document etc. by electronic scanning and transmission of the resulting data (see also 另见 FAX) 传真；传真通信b  a copy produced in this way 传真文本 ●v. tr. (facsimiled, facsimileing)  make a facsimile of 摹写；复制 □ in facsimile   as an exact copy 逼真，惟妙惟肖 [modern Latin from Latin fac, imperative of facere ‘make’ + simile, neut. of similis ‘like’]

fact /fækt/ n.  1  a thing that is known to have occurred, to exist, or to be true 事实；真相 2  a datum of experience (经验)事实 often foll. by an explanatory clause or phrase 常后跟解释性从句或词组 : the fact that fire burns  火能灼伤人这一事实 the fact of my having seen them  我曾见过他们这一事实 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an item of verified information; a piece of evidence 已证实的信息；证据 4  truth, reality 客观现实；真实性 5  a thing assumed as the basis for argument or inference (假设的)论证或推理的事实依据 □ before (or after) the fact   before (or after) the committing of a crime 作案前(或后)□ a fact of life   something that must be accepted 必须接受的事实，无法回避的事实□ facts and figures   precise details 精确的资料，准确的情报□ in (or in point of) fact   1  in reality; as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，其实 2 (in summarizing) in short 总之 [Latin factum, from facere ‘do’]

factice /ˈfæktis/ n. Chem.  a rubber-like substance obtained by vulcanizing unsaturated vegetable oils 【化】(通过硫化非饱和植物油而提取的)橡胶状物质，(硫化)油膏，油胶 [German Faktis from Latin facticius ‘artificial, FACTITIOUS’]

faction1 /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a small organized dissentient group within a larger one, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)派别，宗派，派系 2  a state of dissension within an organization 派系斗争，内讧 [French from Latin factio -onis, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

faction2 /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  a book, film, etc., using real events as a basis for a fictional narrative or dramatization (基于真实事件而创作的)纪实小说或电影 [blend of FACT and FICTION]

-faction /ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ comb. form  forming nouns of action from verbs in -fy (petrifaction 石化; satisfaction 满意) [构词成分]用以构成与 -fy 结尾动词相对应的动作名词 [from or suggested by Latin -factio -factionis from -facere ‘do, make’]

factional /ˈfækʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or characterized by faction 派别(间)的 2  belonging to a faction 属于某派别(或宗派)的 □ factionalism  n.  □ factionalize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ factionally  adv.   [FACTION1]

factious /ˈfækʃəs/ adj.  of, characterized by, or inclined to faction 闹派别的，好结党营私的 □ factiously  adv.  □ factiousness  n.   [FACTION1]■Usage 用法说明 The similarity in sense between faction (see FACTION1 1) and fraction (see FRACTION 4) may lead to confusion between the adjectives factious and fractious. Fractious, however is now only used to mean ‘unruly’ or ‘peevish’. faction (见 FACTION11) 与 fraction (见 FRACTION 4) 意义相近，可能会使人混淆形容词 factious 和 fractious 。但是 fractious 现仅用来表示 unruly (难以控制的，难驾驭的；不守规则的；蛮横的；任性的)或 peevish (易怒的，脾气怪戾的；喜欢闹别扭的)。 

factitious /fækˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  specially contrived, not genuine 专门设计的；人为的，人工的；非真实的  factitious value  不真实的价值 2  artificial, not natural 做作的，装成的；不自然的；虚假的  factitious joy  虚假的快乐 □ factitiously  adv.  □ factitiousness  n.   [Latin facticius from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factitive /ˈfæktitiv/ adj. Gram. (of a verb) having a sense of regarding or designating, and taking a complement as well as an object (e.g. 如 appointed me captain 任命我为船长) 【语法】(动词)使役的；使役动词的 [modern Latin factitivus, formed irregularly from Latin factitare, frequentative of facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factoid /ˈfæktɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an assumption or speculation that is reported and repeated so often that it becomes accepted as fact; a simulated or imagined fact (因多次报导和重复而被作为事实接受的)假设，推测；假想的事实 2 US  a brief or trivial item of news or information [美] (简短的或不重要的)新闻(或信息) ●adj.  being or having the character of a factoid; containing factoids 假设的，推测的，推断的

factor /ˈfæktə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circumstance, fact, or influence contributing to a result 因素 2 Math.  a whole number etc. that when multiplied with another produces a given number or expression 【数】因数，因子 3 Biol.  a gene etc. determining hereditary character 【生】遗传因子，基因 4 (foll. by identifying number 后跟区分号码) Med.  any of a group of substances in the blood contributing to coagulation 【医】凝血因子  factor eight  凝血因子Ⅷ，抗血友病因子，抗血友病球蛋白 5  a  a business agent; a merchant buying and selling on commission (企业的)代理商；(代客买卖收取佣金的)经纪人，代理人b Sc.  a land agent or steward [苏格兰]地产经管人；管家c  an agent or deputy 代理商；经销商；代办人 6  a company that buys a manufacturer's invoices and takes responsibility for collecting the payments due on them (垫付并代收账款从中收取佣金的)代理商 ●v. tr.  1 Math.  resolve into factors or components 【数】分解因子；把…分解成 2 tr.  sell (one's receivable debts) to a factor (将可收回的债务)售给代理商 □ factorable  adj.   [French facteur or Latin factor, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

factorage /ˈfækt(ə)ridʒ/ n.  commission or charges payable to a factor 应付给代理商的佣金

factor analysis n.  a process by which the relative importance of variables in the study of a sample is assessed by mathematical techniques 因子分析，因素分析

factorial /fækˈtɔ:riəl/ n. & adj. Math. 【数】  ●n.  1  the product of a number and all the whole numbers below it 阶乘  factorial four  4 的阶乘 = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 (symbol! as in 4! 阶乘符号为！如 4! 为 4 的阶乘) 2  the product of a series of factors in an arithmetical progression 阶乘积 ●adj.  of a factor or factorial 阶乘的，因数的 □ factorially  adv.  

factorize /ˈfæktəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise) Math. 【数】  1 tr.  resolve into factors 将…分解成因子 2 intr.  be capable of resolution into factors 可分成因子 □ factorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  因子分解

factor VIII n. (also 亦作 factor eight) Med.  a blood protein involved in clotting, whose deficiency causes haemophilia 【医】凝血因子Ⅷ，抗血友病因子，抗血友病球蛋白

factory /ˈfækt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a building or buildings containing plant or equipment, where manufacturing processes are carried out 工厂，制造厂 2 hist.  a merchant company's foreign trading station [史义] (商业公司在国外的)代理商行，代理店 [Late Latin factorium and Portuguese feitoria ultimately from Latin (as FACTOR)]

factory farming n.  a system of rearing livestock using industrial or intensive methods 工厂化饲养法(以工业或集约方式饲养禽畜的方法) □ factory farm  n.  

factory floor n.  workers in industry as distinct from management (不同于管理人员的)工人

factory ship n.  a fishing ship with facilities for immediate processing of the catch (配有鱼类加工设施的)捕鱼船

factory shop n. (also 亦作 factory outlet)  a shop in which goods, often surplus stock, are sold directly by the manufacturers at a discount 厂家以折扣方式直销商品(常为剩余存货)的商店

factotum /fækˈtəʊtəm/ n. (pl. factotums)  an employee who does all kinds of work 杂役，打杂的(人) [medieval Latin from Latin fac, imperative of facere ‘do, make’ + totum, neut. of totus ‘whole’]

fact sheet n.  a paper setting out relevant information 陈述(或宣布)有关信息的文件

facts of life n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  information about sexual functions and practices, esp. as given to children or teenagers (尤指传授给儿童或青少年的)性功能和性行为知识

factual /ˈfæktʃʊəl/ adj.  1  based on or concerned with fact or facts 根据事实的；有关事实的 2  actual, true 事实的，真实的 □ factuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ factually  adv.  □ factualness  n.   [FACT, on the pattern of actual]

factum /ˈfæktəm/ n. (pl. factums or facta /-tə/) Law 【法律】  1  an act or deed 行为；(做的)事情 2  a statement of facts 事实陈述书；辩驳书 [French from Latin: see FACT]

facture /ˈfæktʃə/ n.  the quality of execution, esp. of the surface of a painting (尤指绘画表面的)加工技能；(绘画的)笔法；制作法 [Middle English via Old French from Latin factura, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

facula /ˈfækjʊlə/ n. (pl. faculae /-li:/) Astron.  a bright spot or streak on the sun 【天】(太阳上的)光斑 □ facular  adj.  □ faculous  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of fax facis ‘torch’]

facultative /ˈfæk(ə)ltətiv/ adj.  1 Law  enabling an act to take place 【法律】允许的，授权的 2  that may occur 或许发生的 3 Biol.  not restricted to a particular function, mode of life, etc. 【生】兼性的 4  of a faculty 官能上的；才能上的，能力上的 □ facultatively  adv.   [French facultatif -ive (as FACULTY)]

faculty /ˈfæk(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an aptitude or ability for a particular activity 才能，能力 2  an inherent mental or physical power 智能；官能，机能 3  a Brit.  a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge [英] (大学的)系，院  faculty of modern languages  现代语言系b N. Amer.  the teaching staff of a university or college [北美] (大学或学院的)全体教员c Brit.  a branch of art or science; those qualified to teach it [英]学科；(教授某一学科的)教师 4  the members of a particular profession, esp. medicine 某一专门职业(尤指医学界)的从业人员 5  authorization, esp. by a Church authority (尤指教会授予的)权力 [Middle English via Old French faculté from Latin facultas -tatis, from facilis ‘easy’]

Faculty of Advocates n.  the society constituting the Scottish Bar (苏格兰)律师公会，状师公会

FAD abbr.  flavin adenine dinucleotide [缩略]黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸

fad /fæd/ n.  1  a craze (一时的)狂热；(一时流行的)风尚 2  a peculiar notion or idiosyncrasy (别出心裁的)古怪念头，奇想 □ faddish  adj.  喜欢赶时髦的；一时流行的□ faddishly  adv.  □ faddishness  n.  □ faddism  n.  趋附时尚□ faddist  n.  趋附时尚的人 [19th c. (originally dialect): probably via fidfad from FIDDLE-FADDLE]

faddy /ˈfædi/ adj. (faddier, faddiest) Brit.  having arbitrary likes and dislikes, esp. about food [英] (尤指对食物)有怪癖好恶的 □ faddily  adv.  □ faddiness  n.  

fade /feid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  lose or cause to lose colour 褪色；使褪色 2 intr.  lose freshness or strength; (of flowers etc.) droop, wither 衰弱；衰老；(花等)凋落，枯萎 3 intr.  a (of colour, light, etc.) disappear gradually; grow pale or dim (颜色、光线等)逐渐消失；变暗淡b (of sound) grow faint (声音)变微弱 4 intr. (of a feeling etc.) diminish (感情等)消退 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 away, out) (of a person etc.) disappear or depart gradually (人等)逐渐消失，慢慢离去 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out) Cinematog. & Broadcasting 【电影】【广播】  a  cause (a picture) to come gradually in or out of view on a screen, or to merge into another shot 使(画面在屏幕上)淡入(或淡出)b  make (the sound) more or less audible 使(声音)增强(或减弱) 7 intr. (of a radio signal) vary irregularly in intensity (无线电信号)强度不规则变化 8 intr. (of a brake) temporarily lose effectiveness (制动器)暂时失灵 9 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a intr. (of a ball) deviate from a straight course, esp. in a deliberate slice (球)偏离直线(尤指故意斜打)b tr.  cause (a ball) to fade 使(球)偏离直线 ●n.  the action or an instance of fading (画面)淡入(或淡出)；(声音)渐强(或渐弱) □ do a fade  slang  depart. [俚语]离去，跑掉□ fade away   languish, grow thin 凋萎；衰弱□ fadeless  adj.  不褪色的；不凋谢的；不衰落的□ fader  n. (in sense 6 of v. 用于动词释义 6)   [Middle English from Old French fader, from fade ‘dull, insipid’, probably ultimately from Latin fatuus ‘silly’ + vapidus VAPID]

fade-in n. Cinematog. & Broadcasting  the action or an instance of fading in a picture or sound 【电影】【广播】(画面)淡入，渐现；(音量)渐强

fade-out n.  1 colloq.  disappearance, death [口]消失；死亡 2 Cinematog. & Broadcasting  the action or an instance of fading out a picture or sound 【电影】【广播】(画面)淡出，渐隐；(音量)渐弱

fadge /fædʒ/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1  a limp package of wool 松软的一包羊毛 2  a loosely packed wool bale 打得不紧的一大包(或一大捆)羊毛 [16th-c. English dialect: origin uncertain]

fado /ˈfɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a type of (esp. plaintive) popular Portuguese song 法多歌，命运歌(一种忧伤的葡萄牙流行歌曲) [Portuguese, literally ‘fate’]

faeces /ˈfi:si:z/ n. pl. (US [美] feces)  waste matter discharged from the bowels 粪便，排泄物 □ faecal  /ˈfi:k(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin, pl. of faex ‘dregs’]

faerie /ˈfeiəri, ˈfɛəri/ n. (also 亦作 faery) archaic [古义]  1  fairyland; the fairies, esp. as represented by Spenser 仙乡，仙境；(尤指斯潘塞在《仙后》中所描述的)仙女  Faerie Queene  仙后 2 (作 attrib.)  visionary, fancied 梦幻的；只存在于想像中的 [variant of FAIRY]

Faeroese /fɛərəʊˈi:z/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Faroese) ●adj.  of or relating to the Faeroes, an island group in the N. Atlantic between Norway and Iceland (位于大西洋北部挪威与冰岛之间的)法罗群岛的；与法罗群岛有关的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of the Faeroes; a person of Faeroese descent 法罗群岛本地人；有法罗血统的人 2  the Norse language of the Faeroese 法罗语

faff /fæf/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  fuss, dither 无事奔忙，小题大做 ●n.  a fuss 忙乱 [imitative]

fag1 /fæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit. colloq.  a piece of drudgery; a wearisome or unwelcome task [尤英口]枯燥而又吃力的工作，苦差事 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  a cigarette [尤英口]香烟 3 Brit. (at public schools) a junior pupil who runs errands for a senior [英] (英国公学中)为高年级生跑腿的低年级生 ●v. (fagged, fagging)  1 colloq. [口]  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  tire out; exhaust 使疲劳，使衰竭b intr. Brit.  toil [英]劳作 2 intr. Brit. (at public schools) act as a fag [英] (公学中)为(高年级生)跑腿 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Naut.  fray (the end of a rope etc.) 【海】磨损，磨散(绳索等的末端) [16th c., origin unknown: cf. FLAG1]

fag2 /fæɡ/ n. N. Amer. slang offens.  a male homosexual [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]男同性恋者 [abbreviation of FAGGOT]

fag end n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a cigarette end [英]烟蒂 2  an inferior or useless remnant 低劣(或无用)的剩余物

faggot /ˈfæɡət/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  a ball or roll of seasoned chopped liver etc., baked or fried [英] (用烤过或炸过并加入调味品的肝末等做成的)丸子(或肉卷) 2 (US [美] fagot)  a  a bundle of sticks or twigs bound together as fuel 柴捆，枝条捆b  a bundle of iron rods for heat treatment (待热处理的)成捆铁条，束铁c  a bunch of herbs (用百里香、欧芹等扎成，放入羹汤或肉汁内作调味品用的)芳草束 3 slang [俚语]  a Brit. derog.  an unpleasant woman [英贬]讨厌的女人b N. Amer. offens.  a male homosexual [北美] [冒犯]男同性恋者 ●v. tr. (faggoted, faggoting; US [美] fagoted, fagoting)  1  bind in or make into faggots 捆，束 2  join by faggoting (see 见 FAGGOTING) 用花式针迹接(缝) □ faggoty  adj.  带脂粉气的；男同性恋的 [Middle English from Old French fagot, of uncertain origin]

faggoting /ˈfæɡətiŋ/ n. (US [美] fagoting)  1  embroidery in which threads are fastened together like a faggot (齿形的)花式针迹接缝，装饰线迹 2  the joining of materials in a similar manner (以类似方法进行的)材料拼接

fah /fɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 fa) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the fourth note of a major scale (首调唱名法)大音阶的第四音 2  the note F in the fixed-doh system (固定唱名法中的) F 音 [Middle English fa from Latin famuli: see GAMUT]

Fahr. abbr. [缩略]  Fahrenheit 

Fahrenheit /ˈfær(ə)nhait, ˈfɑ:r-/ adj.  of or measured on a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° under standard conditions 华氏温度计的，华氏的(标准条件下冰点为 32 度，沸点为 212 度) [named after G. Fahrenheit, German physicist d. 1736]

faience /faiˈɒ˜s, fei-, -ˈɑ:ns/ n.  decorated and glazed earthenware and porcelain, e.g. delft or majolica 彩陶器，釉陶；彩色瓷器(如代尔夫特精陶或马略尔卡陶器) [French faïence from Faenza, a city in Italy (originally denoting pottery made there)]

fail /feil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  not succeed 失败  failed in persuading  没能说服 failed to qualify  不合格 tried but failed  尝试过但没成功 2  a tr. & intr.  be unsuccessful in (an examination, test, interview, etc.); be rejected as a candidate (考试、测验、面试等)不及格；没通过b tr. (of a commodity etc.) not pass (a test of quality) (商品等)没通过(质量检测)c tr.  reject (a candidate etc.); adjudge unsuccessful 剔除(候选人等)；裁决…失败 3 intr.  be unable to; neglect to; choose not to 不能做；忽视做；宁愿不做  I fail to see the reason  我看不出原因 he failed to appear  他没能出现 4 tr.  disappoint; let down; not serve when needed 使失望；有负于；需要时不起作用 5 intr. (of supplies, crops, etc.) be or become lacking or insufficient (供应品、作物等)缺乏，不足，歉收 6 intr.  become weaker; cease functioning; break down 变弱；衰退；失灵，失去作用  her health is failing  她的健康每况愈下 the engine has failed  发动机出故障了 7 intr.  a (of an enterprise) collapse; come to nothing (企业)倒闭；没能实现b  become bankrupt 破产 ●n.  a failure in an examination or test (考试或测验)不及格 □ without fail   for certain, whatever happens 肯定，一定，务必 [Middle English from Old French faillir (v.), fail(l)e (n.), ultimately from Latin fallere ‘deceive’]

failed /feild/ adj.  1  unsuccessful; not good enough 失败了的；不够好的  a failed actor  不成功的演员 2  weak, deficient; broken-down 缺乏的；不足的；坏掉的，不能使用的  a failed crop  歉收的庄稼 a failed battery  失效的电池

failing /ˈfeiliŋ/ n. & prep. ●n.  a fault or shortcoming; a weakness, esp. in character 缺点，短处；(尤指性格中的)弱点 ●prep.  in default of; if not 如果缺少；若非如此

fail-safe adj.  reverting to a safe condition in the event of a breakdown etc. (指机器等)设有自动安全装置的；设备出现故障时能回到安全状态的

failure /ˈfeiljə/ n.  1  lack of success; failing 失败，不成功 2  an unsuccessful person, thing, or attempt 失败的人(事或尝试) 3  non-performance, non-occurrence 没做到；没发生 4  breaking down or ceasing to function 失灵，不起作用，故障  heart failure  心力衰竭 engine failure  发动机故障 5  running short of supply etc. 缺乏，不足 6  bankruptcy, collapse 破产，倒闭 [earlier failer from Anglo-French, = Old French faillir FAIL]

fain /fein/ adj. & adv. archaic [古义] ●predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  1  willing under the circumstances to 愿意的，乐意的 2  left with no alternative but to 不得不的 ●adv.  gladly  esp. 尤用于 would fain  欣然，乐意 [Old English fœgen, from Germanic]

faint /feint/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  indistinct, pale, dim; quiet; not clearly perceived 不清楚的；暗淡的；微弱的；模糊的 2 (of a person) weak or giddy; inclined to faint (指人)无力的，昏眩的；行将昏厥的 3  slight, remote, inadequate 微小的，微弱的；不足的  a faint chance  微弱的可能性 4  feeble, half-hearted 软弱无力的；半心半意的；缺乏热情的  faint praise  轻描淡写的赞扬 5  = FEINT2  ●v. intr.  1  lose consciousness from a drop in blood pressure (因血压降低而)失去知觉，昏厥 2  become faint 变得暗淡；变得微弱 ●n.  a sudden loss of consciousness; fainting 昏厥，不省人事 □ not have the faintest  colloq.  have no idea [口]一点儿不知道□ faintness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, past part. of faindre FEIGN]

faint heart n.  a cowardly nature 怯懦者，胆小者

faint-hearted adj.  cowardly, timid 怯懦的，胆小的 □ faint-heartedly  adv.  □ faint-heartedness  n.  

faintly /ˈfeintli/ adv.  1  very slightly 微弱地，微微地  faintly amused  略感趣味 2  indistinctly, feebly 模糊地；虚弱无力地

fainéant /ˈfeineiɒ˜/ n. & adj. ●n.  an idle or ineffective person 懒汉，游手好闲的人 ●adj.  idle, inactive 懒惰的，不干事的 [French, from fait ‘does’ + néant ‘nothing’]

fair1 /fɛə/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  just, unbiased, equitable; in accordance with the rules 公正的，公平的，平等的；按规则进行的 2  blond; light or pale in colour or complexion (头发)金色的；(颜色)浅的；(皮肤)白皙的 3  a  of (only) moderate quality or amount; average 不好不坏的，尚可的；中等的b  considerable, satisfactory 相当大(或多、长等)的；充足的  a fair chance of success  相当大的成功机会 4 (of weather) fine and dry; (of the wind) favourable (天气)好的，晴朗的；(风)和顺的 5  clean, clear, unblemished 干净的，清白的，无污点的  fair copy  誊清本，校正本 6  beautiful, attractive 美丽的，动人的 7 archaic  kind, gentle [古义]慈善的，和蔼的 8  a  specious 说得好听的，花言巧语的  fair speeches  花言巧语的演说b  complimentary 恭维的，奉承的  fair words  恭维话 9 Austral. & NZ  complete, unquestionable [澳新]完全的，毫无疑问的 ●adv.  1  in a fair manner 公正地，公平地；诚实地；按照规则地  play fair  公平地比赛 2 Brit.  exactly, completely [英]恰巧，正中；完全，彻底  was hit fair on the jaw  不偏不倚击中下巴 ●n.  1  a fair thing 美好的事物 2 archaic  a beautiful woman [古义]美女 ●v.  1 tr.  make (the surface of a ship, aircraft, etc.) smooth and streamlined 使(船、飞机等表面)光顺并成流线型 2 intr. dial. (of the weather) become fair [方] (天气)变得晴朗 □ fair and square  adv. & adj.  1  exactly 精确地 2  straightforward, honest, above board 光明正大的(地)；诚实的(地)□ fair crack of the whip   see 见 CRACK □ a fair deal   equitable treatment 公平对待□ fair dinkum   see 见 DINKUM □ fair dos  /du:z/ Brit. colloq.  fair shares [英口]公平的份额□ fair enough  colloq.  that is reasonable or acceptable [口]合理的；可接受的□ fair name   a good reputation 好名声□ fair's fair  colloq.  all involved should act fairly [口]所有参与的人都应当公正行事□ a fair treat  colloq.  a very enjoyable or attractive thing or person [口]十分值得一看的景物；十分漂亮的人□ for fair  US slang  completely [美] [俚语]完全□ in a fair way to   likely to 有可能□ fairish  adj.  □ fairness  n.   [Old English fœger, from Germanic]

fair2 /fɛə/ n. (also pseudo-archaic [亦仿古] fayre)  1  a gathering of stalls, amusements, etc., for public (usu. outdoor) entertainment 庙会 2  a periodical gathering for the sale of goods, often with entertainments 定期集市(常有娱乐表演) 3  an exhibition, esp. to promote particular products 商品展览会，商品交易会 [Middle English via Old French feire from Late Latin feria, sing. from Latin feriae ‘holiday’]

fair game n.  a thing or person one may legitimately pursue, exploit, etc. 可合法追逐(或利用)的人(或物)

fairground /ˈfɛəɡraʊnd/ n.  an outdoor area where a fair is held 集市(露天)场地

fairing1 /ˈfɛəriŋ/ n.  1  a streamlining structure added to a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc. (船、飞机、车辆等的)整流片；整流罩 2  the process of streamlining 整流过程 [FAIR1 v. 1 + -ING1]

fairing2 /ˈfɛəriŋ/ n. Brit. archaic  a present bought at a fair [英古义]市场上买来的礼品

Fair Isle n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  a piece of knitwear knitted in a characteristic particoloured design (有费尔岛特色的)杂色图案毛线针织品(的) [Fair Isle in the Shetlands, where the design was first devised]

fairlead /ˈfɛəli:d/ n. Naut.  a device to guide rope etc., e.g. to prevent cutting or chafing 【海】(防止割断或磨损等用的)导缆孔；导缆器

fairly /ˈfɛəli/ adv.  1  in a fair manner; justly 公平地，公正地；诚实地 2  moderately, acceptably 适度地；尚可地  fairly good  还算好 3  to a noticeable degree 相当地  fairly narrow  相当窄 4  utterly, completely 完全地  fairly beside himself  他完全失去自制力 5  actually 简直；竟然  fairly jumped for joy  简直高兴得跳了起来 □ fairly and squarely   = fair and square (see 见 FAIR1) 

fair-minded adj.  just, impartial 公正的，不偏不倚的 □ fair-mindedly  adv.  □ fair-mindedness  n.  

fair play n.  reasonable treatment or behaviour 公平合理的处理(或对待)；公正合理的行为

fair rent n.  the amount of rent which a tenant may reasonably be expected to pay according to established guidelines (房客按照确定的标准应付的)房租

fair sex n. (prec. by 前接 the)  women 妇女；女性

fair-spoken adj.  courteous 彬彬有礼的；谈吐文雅的

fairwater /ˈfɛəwɔ:tə/ n.  a structure on a ship etc. assisting its passage through water 导流罩，导流帽(船舶等用以减少水阻力的结构)

fairway /ˈfɛəwei/ n.  1  a navigable channel; a regular course or track of a ship 航道，水路 2  the part of a golf course between a tee and its green, kept free of rough grass (高尔夫球场上的)平坦球道

fair-weather friend n.  a friend or ally who is unreliable in times of difficulty 不能共患难的朋友(或盟友)

fairy /ˈfɛəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small imaginary being of human form, believed to possess magical powers 小仙子；小精灵 2 slang offens.  a male homosexual [俚语] [冒犯]男同性恋者 ●adj.  of fairies, fairy-like, delicate, small 仙子的；仙子般的；优雅的；小巧玲珑的 □ fairy-like  adj.   [Middle English from Old French faerie, from fae FAY]

fairy armadillo n.  a very small furry burrowing armadillo of the genus Chlamyphorus 一种身体很小的穴居犰狳

fairy cake n. Brit.  a small individual usu. iced sponge cake [英] (供一人吃的、通常滚糖霜的)松软小蛋糕

fairy cycle n. Brit.  a small bicycle for a child [英]儿童自行车

fairy godmother n.  a benefactress 女恩人

fairyland /ˈfɛərilænd/ n.  1  the imaginary home of fairies 仙界；仙国 2  an enchanted region 仙境；奇境

fairy lights n. pl. esp. Brit.  small coloured lights, esp. for outdoor decoration [尤英] (尤指室外装饰用的)彩色小灯

fairy ring n.  a ring of darker grass caused by fungi 仙人圈(指真菌在草地上形成的深色环状斑纹)

fairy story n. (also 亦作 fairy tale)  1  a children's tale about fairies 童话故事，神话故事 2  an incredible story; a fabrication 不可信的事；捏造的事

fait accompli /feit əˈkɒ˜pli, əˈkɒmpli/ n. (pl. faits accomplis pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a thing that has been done and is past arguing against or altering 既成事实；无可争辩的事 [French, = accomplished fact]

faith /feiθ/ n.  1  complete trust or confidence 信任；信心 2  firm belief, esp. without logical proof 信仰；信念 3  a  a system of religious belief 宗教  the Christian faith  基督教b  belief in religious doctrines 对宗教的信仰c  spiritual apprehension of divine truth apart from proof 心灵感悟d  things believed or to be believed 相信(或要相信)的事情 4  duty or commitment to fulfil a trust, promise, etc.; obligation, allegiance 承诺，诺言；保证  keep faith  遵守诺言 5 (作 attrib.)  concerned with a supposed ability to cure by faith rather than treatment 信仰疗法(的)  faith healing  信仰疗法 ；信仰疗法导致的病愈 [Middle English via Anglo-French fed and Old French feid from Latin fides]

faithful /ˈfeiθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  showing faith 有信心的；有信念的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  loyal, trustworthy, constant 忠诚的；可信赖的；守信的 3  accurate; true to fact 准确可靠的，真实的  a faithful account  准确的报道 4  a (作 the Faithful)  the believers in a religion, esp. Muslims or Christians 宗教信徒(尤指伊斯兰教教徒或基督教教徒)b (作 the faithful)  the loyal adherents of a political party (政党的)忠实拥护者 □ faithfulness  n.  

faithfully /ˈfeiθfʊli, -f(ə)li/ adv.  in a faithful manner 忠实地；忠诚地；如实地 □ yours faithfully  esp. Brit.  a formula for ending a business or formal letter [尤英]您忠实的(商业或正式信函结尾时的套语)

faith healing n.  healing achieved by faith and prayer as opposed to conventional medicine (靠信仰和祈祷而非常规药物治病的)信仰疗法导致的病愈 □ faith healer  n.  

faithless /ˈfeiθlis/ adj.  1  false, unreliable, disloyal 不能信赖的，不可靠的；不忠实的 2  without religious faith 无宗教信仰的 □ faithlessly  adv.  □ faithlessness  n.  

fajita /fəˈhi:tə, fəˈdʒi:tə/ n.  a kind of soft tortilla wrapped around spiced meats, cheese, salad, etc. 松软的薄玉米煎饼(内裹奶酪、沙拉或调制过的肉类等) [Mexican Spanish]

fake1 /feik/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a thing or person that is not genuine 假货，膺品；骗子，冒充者 2  a trick 骗人的把戏，诡计；骗局 ●adj.  counterfeit; not genuine 伪造的；假的；骗人的 ●v. tr.  1  make (a false thing) appear genuine; forge, counterfeit 伪造，捏造 2  make a pretence of having (a feeling, illness, etc.) 假装，佯装 □ faker  n.  □ fakery  n.  欺骗，欺诈；伪造物 [obsolete feak, feague ‘thrash’ from German fegen ‘sweep, thrash’]

fake2 /feik/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  one round of a coil of rope (盘索的)一圈 ●v. tr.  coil (rope) 盘卷(绳索) [17th c.: perhaps related to Scottish faik ‘fold’]

fakir /ˈfeikiə, ˈfæ-/ n. (also 亦作 faquir)  a Muslim or (rarely) Hindu religious mendicant or ascetic (伊斯兰教或罕用于印度教的)游方修士，苦行僧 [Arabic fakīr ‘needy man’]

falafel var.  of FELAFEL  FELAFEL 的变体

Falange /fəˈlæn(d)ʒ, fəˈlɑ:n(d)ʒ/ n.  the Fascist movement in Spain, founded in 1933 长枪党(西班牙法西斯政党，成立于 1933 年) □ Falangism  n.  □ Falangist  n.   [Spanish, = PHALANX]

Falasha /fəˈlɑ:ʃə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Falashas)  an Ethiopian holding the Jewish faith 法拉沙人(信奉犹太教的埃塞俄比亚人) [Amharic, = exile, immigrant]

falcate /ˈfælkeit/ adj. Anat.  curved like a sickle 【解】镰刀状的 [Latin falcatus from falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falchion /ˈfɔ:l(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n. hist.  a broad curved sword with a convex edge [史义] (中世纪的)弯刃大刀 [Middle English fauchoun from Old French fauchon, ultimately from Latin falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falciform /ˈfælsifɔ:m/ adj. Anat.  curved like a sickle 【解】镰刀形的 [Latin falx falcis ‘sickle’]

falcon /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)n, ˈfɒlk(ə)n/ n.  1  any diurnal bird of prey of the family Falconidae, having long pointed wings, and sometimes trained to hunt small game for sport 隼；猎鹰 2 (in falconry) a female falcon (cf. 参见 TERCEL) (狩猎用的)雌猎鹰 [Middle English via Old French faucon from Late Latin falco -onis, perhaps from Latin falx ‘scythe’, or from Germanic]

falconer /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nə, ˈfɒlk(ə)nə/ n.  1  a keeper and trainer of hawks 养猎鹰者；训练猎鹰者 2  a person who hunts with hawks 放鹰狩猎者 [Middle English from Anglo-French fauconer, Old French fauconier (as FALCON)]

falconet /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nit/ n.  1 hist.  a light cannon [史义]轻炮 2 Zool.  a small falcon 【动】小隼，小鹰 [sense 1 from Italian falconetto, diminutive of falcone FALCON: sense 2 from FALCON + -ET1]

falconry /ˈfɔ:(l)k(ə)nri, ˈfɒlk(ə)nri/ n.  the breeding and training of hawks; the sport of hawking 猎鹰饲养和训练术；放鹰捕猎，鹰猎 [French fauconnerie (as FALCON)]

falderal /ˈfældəræl/ n. (also 亦作 folderol /ˈfɒldərɒl/)  1  a gewgaw or trifle 华而不实的小玩意；不值钱的东西 2  a nonsensical refrain in a song (歌曲中)无实义的叠句 3 esp. N. Amer.  nonsense; trivial display [尤北美]胡说八道；浅薄表现 [perhaps from falbala ‘trimming on a dress’: cf. FURBELOW]

faldstool /ˈfɔ:ldstu:l/ n.  1  a bishop's backless folding chair (主教坐的)无背折叠椅 2  a small movable desk for kneeling at prayer (祈祷时用的)跪几 [Old English fœldestōl from medieval Latin faldistolium, from West Germanic (as FOLD1, STOOL)]

fall /fɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past fell /fel/; past part. fallen /ˈfɔ:l(ə)n/)  1  a  go or come down freely; descend rapidly from a higher to a lower level (自由)下落，降落；(快速)跌落；掉下  fell from the top floor  从顶层掉了下来 rain was falling  雨正下着b  drop or be dropped 降下，落下  supplies fell by parachute  由降落伞空投的供应品 the curtain fell  幕落了 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  cease to stand upright 跌倒；摔倒  fell into my arms  跌入我的双臂 fell over the chair  摔倒在椅子上b  come suddenly to the ground (突然)摔倒在地c  prostrate oneself in order to worship or implore 拜倒(崇拜或祈求) 3 (foll. by 后跟 into)  stumble or be drawn into (a trap, an error, etc.) 跌入(陷井)；陷入(错误等) 4  become detached and descend or disappear 脱落 5  take a downward direction 朝向下方 :a (of hair, clothing, etc.) hang down (头发、衣服等)垂下，下垂b (of ground etc.) slope (地面等)倾斜c (foll. by 后跟 into) (of a river etc.) discharge into (河流等)注入，泄入 6  a  find a lower level; sink lower 下降；沉降b  subside, abate 减退，减弱 7 (of a barometer, thermometer, etc.) show a lower reading (气压、温度等)下降，降低 8  occur; become apparent or present 发生；降临  darkness fell  夜幕降临了 9  decline, diminish 降低，减少  demand is falling  需求在减少 standards have fallen  标准已降低 10  a (of the face) show dismay or disappointment (面部)露出沮丧(或失望)；(面色)变阴沉b (of the eyes or a glance) look downwards (眼睛或目光)下垂 11  a  lose power or status 失去(权力或地位)  the government will fall  政府要垮台了b  lose esteem, moral integrity, etc. 丧失(自尊、道德等) 12  commit sin; yield to temptation 犯罪；堕落 13  take or have a particular direction or place 落到；落向  his eye fell on me  他的目光落到了我身上 the accent falls on the first syllable  重音落在第一音节上 14  a  find a place; be naturally divisible 分成，分为  the subject falls into three parts  这个题目分为三部分b (foll. by 后跟 under, within)  be classed among 被列为；被归入…类别 15  occur at a specified time (在特定时刻)发生；到来  Easter falls early this year  今年复活节来得早 16  come by chance or duty 轮到；(偶然)落到  it fell to me to answer  该我回答了 17  a  pass into a specified condition 进入某种状态  fall into decay  腐朽 fell ill  生病了b  become 变得  fall asleep  睡着了 18  a (of a position etc.) be overthrown or captured; succumb to attack (地位等)被推翻(或被篡夺)；失守，被攻克b  be defeated; fail 垮台，失败 19  die 死亡  fall in battle  阵亡 20 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  attack 攻击b  meet with 遭遇，遇到c  embrace or embark on avidly (急不可待地)开始 21 (foll. by 后跟 to + verbal noun)  begin 开始  fell to wondering  开始疑惑 22 (foll. by 后跟 to)  lapse, revert 归转，归于  revenues fall to the Crown  税收归转王国政府 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of falling; a sudden rapid descent 落下；跌落；降落；掉下 2  that which falls or has fallen, e.g. snow, rocks, etc. 下落(或落下)的东西(如雪、岩石等) 3  the recorded amount of rainfall etc. (雨等的)降落量 4  a decline or diminution 下跌，降低；减少，减小 5  overthrow, downfall 垮台，倾覆；衰落  the fall of Rome  罗马的衰亡 6  a  succumbing to temptation 堕落b (作 the Fall)  the sin of Adam and its consequences, as described in Genesis 人类的堕落(基督教《旧约全书》第一卷《创世纪》中指亚当受诱惑吃禁果后陷入罪恶) 7  a (of material, land, light, etc.) a downward direction; a slope (布料、土地、光线等)下垂，下倾，下射；斜坡b  a downward difference in height 落差  a fall of 3 inches from back to front  前后 3 英寸的落差 8 (also 亦作 Fall) N. Amer.  autumn [北美]秋天，秋季 9  a (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a waterfall, cataract, or cascade 瀑布b  a long hairpiece 长假发 10 Mus.  a cadence 【音】(音乐的)终止 11  a  a wrestling bout; a throw in wrestling which keeps the opponent on the ground for a specified time (摔跤中)把对手摔倒；摔倒一次(使对手倒地达归定时间)b  a controlled act of falling, esp. as a stunt or in judo etc. (尤指在特技表演或柔道中有控制的)摔倒动作 12  a  the birth of young of certain animals (兽的)下崽b  the number of young born 一胎(的数量) 13  a rope of a hoisting-tackle 滑车索；辘绳 □ fall about  Brit. colloq.  be helpless, esp. with laughter [英口] (尤指笑得)无法自制□ fall apart (or to pieces)   1  break into pieces 破裂，破碎 2 (of a situation etc.) disintegrate; be reduced to chaos (局势等)崩溃；解体，散开；陷入混乱 3  lose one's capacity to cope 失去应付能力□ fall away   1 (of a surface) incline abruptly (指表面)突然倾斜 2  become few or thin; gradually vanish 减少；消瘦；消失 3  desert, revolt; abandon one's principles 遗弃；背叛；背弃原则□ fall back   retreat 撤退，退却□ fall back on   have recourse to in difficulty 求助于；依赖，依靠□ fall behind   1  be outstripped by one's competitors etc.; lag 落后于 2  be in arrears 拖欠(款项)；拖延(做某事)□ fall down  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  fail; perform poorly; fail to deliver (payment etc.) 失败；未能做好；未能交付(款项等)□ fall for  colloq. [口]  1  be captivated or deceived by 被迷惑；受欺骗 2  yield to the charms or merits of 迷恋；爱上□ fall foul (N. Amer. also [北美亦] afoul)  of  come into conflict with; quarrel with 与…冲突；与…争吵□ fall in   1  a  take one's place in military formation 排队，站队；集合b (as 作 int.)  the order to do this (排队或集合用的口令)集合 2  collapse inwards 往里坍塌□ fall in love   see 见 LOVE □ fall into line   1  take one's place in the ranks 排成行，排齐 2  conform or collaborate with others 一致，符合；与…合作□ fall into place   begin to make sense or cohere 开始有头绪；(情况)开始变得清楚□ fall in with   1  meet by chance 偶然遇到 2  agree with; accede to; humour 同意，赞成，依从 3  coincide with 符合；适合□ fall off   1 (of demand etc.) decrease, deteriorate (需求等)减少；恶化 2  withdraw 离开；退开；疏远□ fall out   1  quarrel 争吵 2 (of the hair, teeth, etc.) become detached (头发、牙齿等)脱落 3 Mil.  come out of formation 【军】队伍解散 4  result; come to pass; occur 结果(是)；发生□ fall out of   gradually discontinue (a habit etc.) 逐渐中止(习惯等)□ fall over oneself  colloq. [口]  1  be eager or competitive 渴望，极想；争先恐后 2  be awkward, stumble through haste, confusion, etc. (因匆忙、慌乱等而)笨拙(或跌跤)□ fall short   1  be or become deficient or inadequate 缺乏，不足 2 (of a missile etc.) not reach its target (投射物等)未中目标□ fall short of   fail to reach or obtain 未达到；未获得□ fall through   fail; come to nothing; miscarry 失败；成为泡影；落空□ fall to   begin an activity, e.g. eating or working 开始某一行动(如吃饭、工作等) [Old English fallan, feallan, from Germanic]

fallacy /ˈfæləsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument 错误的见解；谬见 2  faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument 错误的推理；谬论 3 Logic  a flaw that vitiates an argument 【逻辑学】推理谬误 □ fallacious  /fəˈleiʃəs/ adj.  □ fallaciously  /fəˈleiʃəsli/ adv.  □ fallaciousness  /fəˈleiʃəsnis/ n.   [Latin fallacia via fallax-acis ‘deceiving’ from fallere ‘deceive’]

fall-back n. & adj. ●n.  1  a reserve; something that may be used in an emergency, esp. Brit. a fall-back wage 储备物；应急物；[尤英] (职工在无工作时领取的)最低保障工资 2  a falling back or reduction 回落；降低 ●attrib. adj.  1  reserve, emergency 储备的；应急备用的 2 Brit. (of a wage) comprising a minimum amount, paid when no work is available [英] (无工作时的)最低保障工资的

fallen /ˈfɔ:l(ə)n/ past part. of FALL v.; adj.  1 (作 attrib.)  having lost one's honour or reputation 堕落的 2  killed in war 战死的，阵亡的 □ fallenness  /ˈfɔ:l(ə)nnis/ n.  

faller /ˈfɔ:lə/ n.  a person, animal, or thing that falls, esp. a person or animal in a race, or the value of shares on the stock market (尤指在赛跑时)摔倒的人(或动物)；倒下的物体；下跌的股份

fallfish /ˈfɔ:lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a N. American freshwater fish, Semotilus corporalis, resembling the chub 瀑鱼(北美产的一种像雪鲦的鲤科淡水鱼，因常见于瀑布或急流而得名)

fall guy n. slang [俚语]  1  an easy victim 易上当的人，易受愚弄的人 2  a scapegoat 替罪羊，替死鬼

fallible /ˈfælib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of making mistakes 会犯错误的 2  liable to be erroneous 容易出差错的 □ fallibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ fallibly  adv.   [medieval Latin fallibilis from Latin fallere ‘deceive’]

falling-out n.  a quarrel 争吵

falling star n.  a meteor 流星

fall-off n.  a decrease, deterioration, withdrawal, etc. 下降，减少；退化；退出

Fallopian tube /fəˈləʊpiən/ n. Anat.  either of two tubes in female mammals along which ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus 【解】输卵管 [Fallopius, Latinized name of G. Fallopio, Italian anatomist d. 1562]

fallout /ˈfɔ:laʊt/ n.  1  radioactive debris caused by a nuclear explosion or accident (核爆炸或核事故引起的)放射性坠尘 2  the adverse side effects of a situation etc. (某一情形的有害)附带结果，余波

fallow1 /ˈfæləʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of land) ploughed and harrowed but left unsown for a year (耕地)犁过并耙过但不播种的，休闲的b  uncultivated 未耕种的；未开垦的 2 (of an idea etc.) potentially useful but not yet in use (想法等)可能有用的 3  inactive 不活跃的 4 (of a sow) not pregnant (母猪)未怀孕的 ●n.  fallow or uncultivated land 休闲地，休耕地；未垦地 ●v. tr.  break up (land) for sowing or to destroy weeds 翻耕(土地)以备播种(或除掉杂草) □ fallowness  n.   [Middle English from Old English fealh (n.), fealgian (v.)]

fallow2 /ˈfæləʊ/ adj.  of a pale brownish or reddish yellow 淡棕色的 [Old English falu, fealu, from Germanic]

fallow deer n.  a small deer, Cervus dama, having a white-spotted reddish-brown coat in the summer 黇鹿，扁角鹿(一种产于欧洲的小鹿，皮毛呈棕黄色，夏天带白斑)

fall-pipe n.  a downpipe 水落管

false /fɔ:ls, fɒls/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  not according with fact; wrong, incorrect 不真实的；错误的，不正确的  a false idea  错误的想法 2  a  spurious, sham, artificial 冒充的；假装的；人造的  false gods  假神 false teeth  假牙 false modesty  假谦虚b  acting as such; appearing to be such, esp. deceptively 虚伪的；不诚实的；看起来不真实的(尤指欺骗性的)  a false lining  假衬砌，假护面 3  illusory; not actually so 造成错觉的；似是而非的  a false economy  实际并不省钱 4  improperly so called 命名不当的  false acacia  刺槐 5  deceptive 骗人的；靠不住的 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  deceitful, treacherous, or unfaithful 欺诈的；背信弃义的；不忠实的 7  fictitious or assumed 虚构的，假定的  gave a false name  起假名字 8  illegal 非法的  false imprisonment  非法拘禁 ●adv.  in a false manner (esp. 尤用于 play false 欺骗；出卖) 欺诈地；背信地 □ falsely  adv.  □ falseness  n.  □ falsity  n. (pl. -ies)   [Old English fals and Old French fals, faus from Latin falsus, past part. of fallere ‘deceive’]

false acacia  see 见 ACACIA 2 

false alarm n.  an alarm given needlessly 假警报；虚惊

false bedding n. Geol. 【地质】  = CROSS-BEDDING 

false colour n.  colour introduced during the production of an image to aid interpretation and not present in the object 伪色

false colours n. pl. Brit.  deceitful pretence [英]伪装，冒充

false dawn n.  1  a transient light in the east before dawn 假曙光(指破晓前的暂现光) 2  a promising sign which comes to nothing 令人空欢喜的好兆头

false gharial n.  a crocodile, Tomistoma schlegelii, of Indonesia and Malaysia, similar to the gharial (产于印尼及马来西亚，类似恒河鳄的)马来鳄

falsehood /ˈfɔ:lshʊd, ˈfɒls-/ n.  1  the state of being false, esp. untrue 虚假，虚妄 2  a false or untrue thing 不实之物；虚假之物 3  a  the act of lying 说谎；欺骗b  a lie or lies 谎言

false move n.  an imprudent or careless act 轻率粗心的举动

false pretences n. pl.  misrepresentations made with intent to deceive (esp. 尤用于 under false pretences 假借，在…借口下) (目的在于欺诈的)虚伪陈述

false rib n.  = FLOATING RIB 

false scent n.  1  a scent trail laid to deceive (用于欺骗的)嗅迹 2  false clues etc. intended to deflect pursuers (用于引开追逐者的)假线索

false scorpion  see 见 SCORPION 2 

false start n.  1  an invalid or disallowed start in a race (赛跑中)起跑犯规，抢跑 2  an unsuccessful attempt to begin something 不成功的开端

false step n.  a slip; a mistake 绊倒；失足；失策

false topaz n.  = CITRINE 

falsetto /fɔ:lˈsetəʊ, fɒl-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a method of voice production used by male singers, esp. tenors, to sing notes higher than their normal range (尤指男高音歌唱者使用比正常音域高的)假声(唱法) 2  a singer using this method 假声歌唱者 [Italian, diminutive of falso FALSE]

falsework /ˈfɔ:lswɜ:k, ˈfɒls-/ n.  a temporary framework or support used during building to form arches etc. (建筑用)脚手架；临时支撑物

falsies /ˈfɔ:lsiz, ˈfɒls-/ n. pl. colloq.  pads of material used to increase the apparent size of the breasts [口] (用以使乳房显得丰满的)文胸衬垫，妇女衬胸

falsify /ˈfɔ:lsifai, ˈfɒls-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  fraudulently alter or make false (a document, evidence, etc.) 篡改(或伪造) (文件、证据等) 2  misrepresent 歪曲 3  make wrong; pervert 搞错；误用 4  show to be false 证明虚假(或无根据) 5  disappoint (a hope, fear, etc.) 使(希望、恐惧等)不能成为现实 □ falsifiable  adj.  □ falsifiability  /-faiəˈbiliti/ n.  □ falsification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via French falsifier or medieval Latin falsificare from Latin falsificus ‘making false’, from falsus ‘false’]

Falstaffian /fɔ:lˈstɑ:fiən, fɒl-/ adj.  fat, jolly, or dissipated like Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff (像莎士比亚戏剧中约翰·福斯塔夫爵士一样)肥胖、乐观、好挥霍的；福斯塔夫似的

falter /ˈfɔ:ltə, ˈfɒl-/ v.  1 intr.  stumble, stagger; go unsteadily 踉跄，蹒跚；走不稳，摇晃 2 intr.  waver; lose courage 摇摆；丧失勇气，畏缩 3 tr. & intr.  stammer; speak hesitatingly 结巴地说；支吾地说 □ falterer  n.  □ falteringly  adv.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

fame /feim/ n.  1  renown; the state of being famous 名气，名声，声望 2 archaic  reputation [古义]声誉 3 archaic  public report; rumour [古义]传闻；谣言 □ house of ill fame  archaic  a brothel [古义]妓院 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fama]

famed /feimd/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 for)  famous; much spoken of 著名的，有名的  famed for its good food  以美味食物而著名 2 archaic  currently reported [古义]广泛传播的，盛传的

familial /fəˈmiljəl/ adj.  of, occurring in, or characteristic of a family or its members 家庭(或家族)的；家庭(或家族)中发生的；家庭(或家族)成员特有的 [French from Latin familia FAMILY]

familiar /fəˈmiliə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  well known; no longer novel 熟知的；通晓的b  common, usual; often encountered or experienced 普通的，一般的；经常遇到(或经历)的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  knowing a thing well or in detail 熟悉的；详知的  am familiar with all the problems  我熟悉所有的问题 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  well acquainted (with a person); in close friendship; intimate (与某人)亲密的，友好的，亲近的b  sexually intimate (性关系)密切的，亲密的 4  excessively informal; impertinent 过分随便的；冒昧的；放肆的 5  unceremonious, informal 不拘泥形式的，随便的 ●n.  1  a close friend or associate 密友，伙伴 2 RC Ch.  a person rendering certain services in a pope's or bishop's household 【天主教】教皇(或主教)的仆人 3 (in full 全称 familiar spirit)  a demon supposedly attending and obeying a witch etc. (传说中供女巫等差遣的)妖精 □ familiarly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French familier from Latin familiaris (as FAMILY)]

familiarity /fəmiliˈæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being well known 熟知；通晓  the familiarity of the scene  对事件的熟知 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  close acquaintance 熟悉 3  a close relationship 亲密关系，亲近 4  a  sexual intimacy (性关系)亲密b (in pl. 用复数)  acts of physical intimacy 亲昵(或狎昵)的动作 5  behaviour that is familiar or informal, esp. excessively so (尤指过分的)亲密而随便的行为；冒失的行为 [Middle English via Old French familiarité from Latin familiaritas -tatis (as FAMILIAR)]

familiarize /fəˈmiliəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  make (a person) conversant or well acquainted 使(某人)熟悉，使通晓 2  make (a thing) well known 使(某物)尽人皆知 □ familiarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French familiariser from familiaire (as FAMILIAR)]

famille /fæˈmi:, 法 famij/ n.  a Chinese enamelled porcelain with a predominant colour : (famille jaune /ʒəʊn, 法 ʒon/) yellow, (famille noire /nwɑ:, 法 nwar/) black, (famille rose /rəʊz, 法 roz/) red, (famille verte /vɛət, 法 vɛrt/) green (有某种主色调的)中国彩釉瓷器：黄系列色料(中国黄釉瓷器)，黑系列色料(中国黑釉瓷器)，金紫红系列色料(中国红釉瓷器)，铬绿系列色料(中国绿釉瓷器) [French, = family]

family /ˈfæmili, -m(ə)l-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a set of parents and children, or of relations, living together or not 家，家庭 2  a  the members of a household, esp. parents and their children 家庭成员(尤指父母及其子女)b  a person's children 子女c (作 attrib.)  serving the needs of families 为家庭服务的  family butcher  为家庭提供肉食的家庭肉商 3  a  all the descendants of a common ancestor; a house, a lineage 家族；氏族b  a race or group of peoples from a common stock 人种；种族；民族 4  all the languages ultimately derived from a particular early language, regarded as a group 语族 5  a group of persons or nations united by political or religious ties (政治或宗教方面的)派，派别；学派 6  a group of objects distinguished by common features (有共同特征的)一组东西 7 Math.  a group of curves etc. obtained by varying one quantity 【数】曲线族，一族曲线 8 Biol.  a group of related genera of organisms within an order in taxonomic classification 【生】(动植物的)科 □ in the family way  colloq.  pregnant [口]怀孕 [Middle English from Latin familia ‘household’, from famulus ‘servant’]

family allowance n. Brit.  a former name for CHILD BENEFIT [英] CHILD BENEFIT 的旧称

family credit n. (in the UK) a regular payment by the state to a family with an income below a certain level (英国) (国家定期付给低收入家庭的)家庭救济金

Family Division n. (in the UK) a division of the High Court dealing with adoption, divorce, etc. (英国) (高级法院中处理收养、离婚等事务的)家庭部

family man n.  a man having a wife and children, esp. one fond of family life (尤指喜欢家庭生活的)有妻子儿女的人

family name n.  a surname 姓

family planning n.  birth control 计划生育

family tree n.  a chart showing relationships and lines of descent 家谱；家谱图

famine /ˈfæmin/ n.  1  a  extreme scarcity of food 极度缺乏食物，饥荒b  a shortage of something specified 短缺  a labour famine  劳动力短缺 2 archaic  hunger, starvation [古义]饥饿 [Middle English from Old French, from faim, from Latin fames ‘hunger’]

famish /ˈfæmiʃ/ v.  1 v. tr. & intr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  reduce or be reduced to extreme hunger 使极度饥饿，使挨饿 2 intr. colloq.  feel very hungry [口]感到(非常)饥饿 [Middle English from obsolete fame, from Old French afamer, ultimately from Latin fames ‘hunger’]

famous /ˈfeiməs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  celebrated; well known 出名的，著名的 2 colloq.  excellent [口]极好的 □ famousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French fameus from Latin famosus, from fama ‘fame’]

famously /ˈfeiməsli/ adv.  1 colloq.  excellently [口]极好地  got on famously  相处得极好 2  notably 著名地，出名地

famulus /ˈfæmjʊləs/ n. (pl. famuli /-lai, -li:/) hist.  an attendant on a magician or scholar [史义] (中世纪巫师或学者的)助手，侍从 [Latin, = servant]

fan1 /fæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus, usu. with rotating blades, giving a current of air for ventilation etc. 风扇 2  a device, usu. folding and forming a semicircle when spread out, for agitating the air to cool oneself 折扇，扇子 3  anything spread out like a fan, e.g. a bird's tail or kind of ornamental vaulting 扇状物(如鸟的尾部或装饰用扇形穹顶)  fan tracery  扇形花格 4  a device for winnowing grain 簸箕；扬谷机 5  a fan-shaped deposit of alluvium, esp. where a stream begins to descend a gentler slope (尤指河流平缓斜坡的)冲积扇；淤积扇 6  a small sail for keeping the head of a windmill towards the wind (使风车头部朝风的)小翼板 ●v. (fanned, fanning)  1 tr.  a  blow a current of air on, with or as with a fan 扇b  agitate (the air) with a fan 扇动(空气) 2 tr. (of a breeze) blow gently on; cool (微风)吹拂；使变凉 3 tr.  a  winnow (grain) 扬(或簸) (谷物)b  winnow away (chaff) 扬去(或簸去) (谷壳等) 4 tr.  sweep away by or as by the wind from a fan 扇掉，扇走 5 intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  spread out in the shape of a fan 展成扇形 □ fanlike  adj.  □ fanner  n.  扇风者；鼓风机；通风机；扬谷机 [Old English fann (in sense 4 of n.) from Latin vannus ‘winnowingfan’]

fan2 /fæn/ n.  a devotee of a particular activity, performer, etc. (某一特殊活动或表演者等的)狂热爱好者，迷  film fan  电影迷 football fan  足球迷 □ fandom  n.   [abbreviation of FANATIC]

fanatic /fəˈnætik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person filled with excessive and often misguided enthusiasm for something 狂热者，入迷者 ●adj.  excessively enthusiastic 狂热的，入迷的 □ fanatical  adj.  □ fanatically  adv.  □ fanaticism  /-tisiz(ə)m/ n.  狂热，入迷□ fanaticize  /-tisaiz/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [originally in religious sense: French fanatique or Latin fanaticus, from fanum ‘temple’]

fan belt n.  a belt that drives a fan to cool the radiator in a motor vehicle (驱动风扇冷却机动车辆散热器的)风扇皮带

fancier /ˈfænsiə/ n.  a connoisseur or follower of some activity or thing (某活动或某事物的)行家；爱好者，迷  pigeon fancier  养鸽行家；养鸽迷

fanciful /ˈfænsifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  existing only in the imagination or fancy 想像中的，幻想中的 2  indulging in fancies; whimsical, capricious 沉湎于幻想的，爱空想的；忽发奇想的 3  fantastically designed, ornamented, etc.; odd-looking (设计、装饰等)怪异的；看起来古怪的 □ fancifully  adv.  □ fancifulness  n.  

fan club n.  an organized group of devotees 追星族俱乐部

fancy /ˈfænsi/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an individual taste or inclination (个人)爱好，嗜好 2  a caprice or whim 突生的念头；怪念头 3  a thing favoured, e.g. a horse to win a race 看好的事物(如能赢得比赛的马) 4  an arbitrary supposition (任意的)假设 5  a  the faculty of using imagination or of inventing imagery 想像力；幻想力b  a mental image 想像出来的形象 6  delusion; unfounded belief 错觉，幻觉；(无根据的)信念 7 (prec. by 前接 the)  those who have a certain hobby; fanciers, esp. patrons of boxing 有爱好者；迷(尤指赞助拳击的拳击迷) ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (fancier, fanciest)  1  ornamental; not plain 有装饰的；精致的；花哨的 2  capricious, whimsical, extravagant 空想的，异想天开的；古怪的；过分的，价格离谱的  at a fancy price  以离谱的价格 3  based on imagination, not fact 基于想像而非事实的，凭想像的 4 (of foods etc.) of fine quality (食物等)质量上乘的，精美的 5 (of flowers etc.) particoloured (花等)杂色的 6 (of an animal) bred for particular points of beauty etc. (动物)因美丽而饲养的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  be inclined to suppose; rather think 猜想，设想；(宁肯)认为，相信 2 Brit. colloq.  feel a desire for [英口]渴望；想要  do you fancy a drink?  想喝点什么吗？ 3 Brit. colloq.  find sexually attractive [英口] (因性感而)喜欢，爱慕 4 colloq.  have an unduly high opinion of (oneself, one's ability, etc.) [口]自负，自命不凡 5  select (a horse, team, etc.) as the likely winner 选择(某一匹马或某一参赛队等)为可能的获胜者 6 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  expressing surprise 表示惊讶  fancy their doing that!  真想不到他们竟做出那样的事！ 7  picture to oneself; conceive, imagine 设想，想像 □ catch (or take) a person's fancy   please or appeal to a person 合某人的意；吸引某人□ take a fancy to   become (esp. inexplicably) fond of (尤指莫名其妙地)喜欢上，爱上□ fanciable  adj. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)  □ fancily  adv.  □ fanciness  n.   [contraction of FANTASY]

fancy dress n.  fanciful costume, esp. for masquerading as a different person or as an animal etc. at a party (尤指化装舞会上扮作他人或扮成动物等而穿的)奇装异服，化装服

fancy-free adj. (often in phr. 常用于短语 footloose and fancy-free)  without (esp. emotional) commitments (尤指感情上)无拘无束的，无忧无虑的；无恋爱对象的；未订婚的

fancy goods n.  ornamental novelties etc. (装饰用的)新奇物品

fancy man n. slang derog. [俚语] [贬]  1  a woman's lover (已婚妇女的)情夫 2  a pimp 为妓女拉客的男子

fancy woman n. slang derog.  a mistress [俚语] [贬]情妇

fancy-work n.  ornamental sewing etc. (装饰用的)刺绣品；钩编织品

fan dance n.  a dance in which the dancer is (apparently) nude and partly concealed by fans 扇舞(跳舞者看似裸体，但部分身子为扇子所遮掩)

fandangle /fænˈdæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a fantastic ornament 精致的装饰品 2  nonsense, tomfoolery 胡言乱语；胡闹；愚蠢的举动 [perhaps from FANDANGO influenced by newfangle]

fandango /fænˈdæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a  a lively Spanish dance for two 方丹戈舞(一种欢快的西班牙双人舞)b  the music for this 方丹戈舞曲 2  nonsense, tomfoolery 胡言乱语；胡闹；愚蠢的举动 [Spanish: origin unknown]

fandom /ˈfændəm/ n.  the world of fans and enthusiasts, esp. of fans of science fiction magazines and conventions (尤指科幻杂志及一些习俗的)狂热爱好者(总称)

fane /fein/ n. poet. [诗]  = TEMPLE1n. 1  [Middle English from Latin fanum]

fanfare /ˈfænfɛə/ n.  1  a short showy or ceremonious sounding of trumpets, bugles, etc. (炫耀的或仪式上的喇叭、号等吹奏的)短奏 2  an elaborate welcome 精心准备的欢迎仪式 [French, imitative]

fanfaronade /ˌfænfærəˈneid, -ˈnɑ:d/ n.  1  arrogant talk; brag 夸口，吹牛 2  a fanfare (炫耀的或仪式的喇叭、号等吹奏的)短奏；精心准备的欢迎仪式 [French fanfaronnade from fanfaron ‘braggart’ (as FANFARE)]

fang /fæŋ/ n.  1  a large sharp tooth, esp. a canine tooth of a dog or wolf (尤指狗或狼的)大而尖的牙 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  the tooth of a venomous snake, by which poison is injected (毒蛇的)毒牙b  the biting mouthpart of a spider (蜘蛛叮咬用的)口器，(蜘蛛的)有毒螯肢 3  the root of a tooth or its prong 牙根；牙尖 4 Brit. colloq.  a person's tooth [英口] (人的)牙齿 □ fanged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ fangless  adj.   [Old English via Old Norse fang from a Germanic root = to catch]

fan heater n.  an electric heater in which a fan drives air over an element (用风扇吹送热空气的)风扇式电热器

fan-jet n.  = TURBOFAN 

fanlight /ˈfænlait/ n.  a small originally semicircular window over a door or another window (门或窗子上方的)扇形窗(原为扇形)

fan mail n.  letters from fans 仰慕者来信，狂热爱好者来信

fanny /ˈfæni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit. coarse slang  the female genitals [英] [粗俗俚语]女性生殖器，女性阴部 2 N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [北美] [俚语]屁股 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Fanny Adams /fæni ˈædəmz/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1 (also 亦作 sweet Fanny Adams)  nothing at all 乌有，一点没有 2 Naut. 【海】  a  tinned meat 罐头肉b  stew 炖(或焖、煨)的食物 [name of a murder victim c. 1870]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, Fanny Adams, or its abbreviated form FA, is sometimes understood as a euphemism for fuck all. 在释义 1 中， Fanny Adams 或其缩略形式 FA 有时被理解为 fuck all 的委婉语。 

fanny pack n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BUMBAG 

fan palm n.  a palm tree with fan-shaped leaves 扇叶葵，蒲葵

fantail /ˈfænteil/ n.  1  a pigeon with a broad tail 扇尾鸽 2  any flycatcher of the genus Rhipidura, with a fan-shaped tail 扇尾鹟(鹟科小鸟，捕食蝇及其他昆虫) 3  a fan-shaped tail or end 扇形尾(或末端) 4  the fan of a windmill 风车的翼片 5  the projecting part of a boat's stern 扇形船尾，鸭尾艄 □ fantailed  adj.  

fan-tan /ˈfæntæn/ n.  1  a Chinese gambling game in which players try to guess the remainder after the banker has divided a number of hidden objects into four groups 番摊(中国的一种赌博游戏) 2  a card game in which players build on sequences of sevens 接龙(一种牌戏，以扑克牌的 7 点为中心，向两头按顺序接下去) [Chinese, = repeated divisions]

fantasia /fænˈteiziə, fæntəˈzi:ə/ n.  a musical or other composition free in form and often in improvisatory style; a composition which is based on several familiar tunes 幻想曲；幻想作品；(由数种熟悉的曲调穿插而成的)集成曲 [Italian, = FANTASY]

fantasize /ˈfæntəsaiz/ v. (also 亦作 phantasize, -ise)  1 intr.  have a fantasy or fanciful vision 空想，做白日梦 2 tr.  imagine; create a fantasy about 想像，幻想 □ fantasist  n.  

fantast /ˈfæntæst/ n. (also 亦作 phantast)  a visionary; a dreamer 幻想家，空想家 [medieval Latin from Greek phantastēs ‘boaster’ via phantazomai ‘make a show’ from phainō ‘show’]

fantastic /fænˈtæstik/ adj. (also 亦作 fantastical)  1 colloq.  excellent, extraordinary [口]极好的，非同一般的 2  extravagantly fanciful; capricious, eccentric 空想的，异想天开的；怪诞的，奇异的 3  grotesque or quaint in design etc. (设计等)古怪的，离奇的 □ fantasticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ fantastically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French fantastique, medieval Latin fantasticus, and Late Latin phantasticus from Greek phantastikos (as FANTAST)]

fantasticate /fænˈtæstikeit/ v. tr.  make fantastic 使变得荒诞，使变得离奇 □ fantastication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fantasy /ˈfæntəsi, -zi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 phantasy) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the faculty of inventing images, esp. extravagant or visionary ones 想像，幻想 2  a fanciful mental image; a daydream 幻想(或想像)的产物，幻象；白日梦 3  a whimsical speculation 怪念头 4  a fantastic invention or composition; a fantasia 奇妙的发明(或作品)；幻想曲；幻想作品 5  a genre of imaginative fiction involving fantastic stories, often in a magical pseudo-historical setting 幻想小说 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  imagine, fancy 想像，幻想 [Middle English via Old French fantasie and Latin phantasia ‘appearance’ from Greek (as FANTAST)]

fantasy football n. (also 亦作 fantasy cricket etc.)  a competition in which participants select imaginary teams from among the players in a league etc. and score points according to the actual performance of their players 假想足球(赛) (一种参与者从竞赛联合会等的球员中选择假想的球队，然后根据球队球员的实际表现计算得分的竞赛)

Fanti /ˈfænti/ n. (also 亦作 Fante) (pl. same 单复同 or Fantis)  1  a member of a black people inhabiting southern Ghana 芳蒂人(居住于加纳南部地区的黑人部落) 2  the language of this people 芳蒂语 [native name]

fanzine /ˈfænzi:n/ n.  a magazine for fans, esp. those of science fiction, sport, or popular music (尤指为科幻小说迷、体育及流行音乐迷创办的)爱好者杂志 [FAN2 + MAGAZINE]

FAO abbr.  Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) [缩略] (联合国)粮农组织

far /fɑ:/ adv. & adj. (further, furthest or farther, farthest) ●adv.  1  at or to or by a great distance 远，遥远地  far away  在远处 far off  远隔 far out  在深远处 2  a long way (off) in space or time (时间或空间)远，久远地  are you travelling far?  你要走得很远吗？ we talked far into the night  我们谈到深夜 3  to a great extent or degree; by much 在很大程度上；很，极  far better  好得多 far too early  过早 ●adj.  1  situated at or extending over a great distance in space or time; remote (空间或时间)远的，久远的，遥远的  a far country  远方的国家 2  more distant 较远的  the far end of the hall  大厅的那一头 3  extreme 极端的  far left  极左的 □ as far as   1  to the distance of (a place) 远到(某地)；一直到 2  to the extent that 达到…的程度；尽…，就…，至于  travel as far as you like  你想走多远就走多远吧□ by far   by a great amount …得多；最；显然□ far and away   by a very large amount 非常；无疑地，显然□ far and near   everywhere 到处，四面八方□ far and wide   over a large area 在广大的范围内，广泛地，到处□ far be it from me  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  I am reluctant to (esp. express criticism etc.) 我不愿(尤指不愿表示批评等)□ far from   very different from being; tending to the opposite of 完全不，远远不  the problem is far from being solved  问题远远没有得到解决□ go far   1  achieve much 大有成就 2  contribute greatly 大有帮助，起很大作用 3  be adequate 足够，充足□ go too far   go beyond the limits of what is reasonable, polite, etc. 过分，过火□ how far   to what extent 在多大程度上□ so far   1  to such an extent or distance; to this point 就此程度(或范围)来说；到(这点)为止 2  until now 迄今为止□ so (or in so) far as (or that)   to the extent that 到…程度；在…范围内□ so far so good   progress has been satisfactory up to now 到目前为止进展令人满意 [Old English feorr]

farad /ˈfæræd/ n. Electr.  the SI unit of capacitance, such that one coulomb of charge causes a potential difference of one volt (abbr. 缩略 : F) 【电】法拉(电容单位) [shortening of FARADAY]

faradaic /færəˈdeiik/ adj. (also 亦作 faradic /fəˈrædik/) Electr.  inductive, induced 【电】感应电(流)的 [see FARADAY]

faraday /ˈfærədei/ n. Chem.  a unit of electric charge equal to Faraday's constant (abbr. 缩略 : F) 【化】法拉第(电量单位) [named after M. Faraday, English physicist d. 1867]

Faraday cage n. Electr.  an earthed metal screen used for excluding electrostatic influences 【电】法拉第罩(静电屏蔽)

Faraday effect n. Physics  the rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic waves in certain substances in a magnetic field 【物理学】法拉第效应

Faraday's constant n.  the quantity of electric charge carried by one mole of electrons (equal to 96.49 coulombs) 法拉第常数(等于 96.49 库仑)

farandole /fær(ə)nˈdəʊl, ˈfær(ə)ndəʊl/ n.  1  a lively Provençal dance 发兰多拉舞(法国普罗旺斯地区一种欢快的舞蹈) 2  the music for this 发兰多拉舞曲 [French from modern Provençal farandoulo]

faraway /ˈfɑ:rəwei, fɑ:rəˈwei/ attrib. adj.  1  remote; long-past 遥远的；久远的 2 (of a look) dreamy (神色)恍惚的，朦胧的 3 (of a voice) sounding as if from a distance (声音)好像从远处传来的

farce /fɑ:s/ n.  1  a  a low comic dramatic work based on ludicrously improbable events 闹剧，笑剧，滑稽戏b  this branch of drama 笑剧、闹剧一类的剧目 2  absurdly futile proceedings; pretence, mockery; an instance of this 荒唐无用的行为；矫饰，拙劣的模仿；可笑的事物；冒充的东西 [French, originally = stuffing, from Old French farsir from Latin farcire ‘to stuff’, used metaphorically of interludes etc.]

farceur /fɑ:ˈsɜ:/ n.  1  a joker or wag 爱讲笑话的人 2  an actor or writer of farces 笑剧(或闹剧)作家；笑剧(或闹剧)演员 [French from farcer ‘act farces’]

farcical /ˈfɑ:sik(ə)l/ adj.  1  extremely ludicrous or futile 极为滑稽可笑的，荒唐的；无用的，无益的 2  of or like farce 笑剧(或闹剧)的；笑剧(或闹剧)性的 □ farcicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ farcically  adv.  

far cry n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  a long way; a very different experience 相距甚远；很不相同的经历

farcy /ˈfɑ:si/ n.  glanders with inflammation of the lymph vessels 皮肤型鼻疽；马皮疽 [Middle English via Old French farcin from Late Latin farciminum, from farcire ‘to stuff’]

farcy bud n. (also 亦作 farcy button)  a small lymphatic tumour as a result of farcy 鼻疽结节

farded /ˈfɑ:did/ adj. archaic (of a face etc.) painted with cosmetics [古义] (面部等)敷有化妆品的 [past part. of obsolete fard, from Old French farder]

fare /fɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the price a passenger has to pay to be conveyed by bus, train, etc. (公共汽车、火车等的)车费b  a passenger paying to travel in a public vehicle 公共交通乘客 2  a range of food, esp. one provided by a restaurant etc. (尤指饭馆等供应的)食物，伙食 ●v. intr. literary [文学用语]  1  progress; get on 进展；过活，生活  how did you fare?  你过得怎么样？ 2  happen; turn out 发生；结果(是) 3  journey, go, travel 旅行；行走 [Old English fœr, faru ‘journeying’, faran (v.), from Germanic]

Far East n. (prec. by 前接 the)  China, Japan, and other countries of E. Asia 远东(指东亚的中国、日本及其他国家) □ Far Eastern  adj.  

Far Eastern /ˌfɑ:rˈi:stən/ adj.  远东的

fare stage n. Brit. [英]  1  a section of a bus etc. route for which a fixed fare is charged (公共汽车等有固定票价的)一段路程 2  a stop marking this (有固定票价的一段路程终了的)站

farewell /fɛəˈwel/ int. & n. ●int.  goodbye, adieu 再见，再会；一路平安 ●n.  1  leave-taking; departure 告别，告辞 also 亦作 attrib.: a farewell kiss  告别时的亲吻 2  parting good wishes 告别祝福，告别赠言 [Middle English, from imperative of FARE + WELL1]

far-fetched adj. (of an explanation etc.) strained, unconvincing (解释等)牵强的，不令人信服的

far-flung adj.  extending far; widely distributed 广为延伸的；分布广的

far gone adj.  1  advanced in time (时间)久远的 2 colloq.  in an advanced state of illness, drunkenness, etc. [口] (病情)严重的；(喝酒喝得)烂醉的

farina /fəˈrainə, -i:nə/ n.  1  the flour or meal of cereal, nuts, or starchy roots (用谷物、坚果或含淀粉根茎制成的)谷粉或果粉 2  a powdery substance 粉状物质 3 Brit.  starch [英]淀粉 □ farinaceous  /færiˈneiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin from far ‘corn’]

farl /fɑ:l/ n. Sc.  a thin cake, originally quadrant-shaped, of oatmeal or flour [苏格兰] (原为扇形的)燕麦蛋糕；燕麦薄饼；薄饼 [obsolete fardel ‘quarter’ (as FOURTH, DEAL1)]

farm /fɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an area of land and its buildings used under one management for growing crops, rearing animals, etc. 农场；饲养场 2  a place or establishment for breeding a particular type of animal, growing fruit, etc. (饲养某种特殊动物或种植水果等的)养殖场，种植场  trout-farm  鳟鱼养殖场 mink-farm  貂饲养场 3  = FARMHOUSE  4  a place for the storage of oil or oil products (油料或油产品)贮藏所 5  = SEWAGE FARM  ●v.  1  a tr.  use (land) for growing crops, rearing animals, etc. 利用(土地)种植庄稼(或饲养动物等)b intr.  be a farmer; work on a farm 种田，务农；经营农场 2 tr.  breed (fish etc.) commercially 养殖(鱼等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  delegate or subcontract (work) to others 委托(或转包) (工作)给别人b  contract (the collection of taxes) to another for a fee 包出(税收)c  arrange for (a person, esp. a child) to be looked after by another, with payment (付费)托别人照看(某人，尤指孩子)，寄养(某人) 4 tr.  let the labour of (a person) for hire 出租(某人)的劳动力 5 tr.  contract to maintain and care for (a person, esp. a child) for a fixed sum 包养(某人，尤指孩子) □ farmable  adj.  □ farming  n.   [originally applied only to leased land: Middle English via Old French ferme and medieval Latin firma ‘fixed payment’ from Latin firmus FIRM1]

farmer /ˈfɑ:mə/ n.  1  a person who runs or cultivates a farm 农场主；农民 2  a person to whom the collection of taxes is contracted for a fee 包税人 [Middle English via Anglo-French fermer, Old French fermier from medieval Latin firmarius, firmator, from firma FIRM2]

farmhand /ˈfɑ:mhænd/ n.  a worker on a farm 农场工人

farmhouse /ˈfɑ:mhaʊs/ n.  a dwelling place (esp. the main one) attached to a farm 农场住宅(尤指主要住房)

farmhouse loaf n.  an oval or rectangular white loaf with a rounded top 农庄面包(椭圆形或长方形的圆顶白面包)

farmstead /ˈfɑ:msted/ n.  a farm and its buildings regarded as a unit 农场土地及其建筑物；农庄

farmyard /ˈfɑ:mjɑ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  a yard or enclosure attached to a farmhouse 农家场院 ●attrib. adj.  disgusting or uncouth 令人厌恶的；粗野的

faro /ˈfɛərəʊ/ n.  a gambling card game in which bets are placed on the order of appearance of the cards 法罗牌戏(一种赌注押在庄家出牌顺序上的纸牌赌博) [French pharaon PHARAOH (said to have been the name of the king of hearts)]

Faroese var.  of FAEROESE  FAEROESE 的变体

far-off attrib. adj.  remote 远的，遥远的

farouche /fəˈru:ʃ/ adj.  sullen, shy 闷闷不乐的，绷着脸不高兴的；怕羞的 [French via Old French faroche, forache and medieval Latin forasticus from Latin foras ‘out of doors’]

far out adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) slang [俚语]  1  avant-garde, unconventional 先锋派的，激进的；非传统方式的 2  excellent 极好的

farrago /fəˈrɑ:ɡəʊ, fəˈreiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or US [美] -oes)  a medley or hotchpotch; a confused mixture 拼凑，大杂烩，混杂物 □ farraginous  /-ˈrɑ:dʒinəs, -ˈreidʒ-/ adj.   [Latin farrago farraginis ‘mixed fodder’ from far ‘corn’]

far-reaching adj.  1  widely applicable 可广泛应用的 2  having important consequences or implications 意义重大(或深远)的

farrier /ˈfæriə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a smith who shoes horses 钉马掌(马蹄铁)的铁匠，蹄铁匠 2  a person who treats the disease and injuries of horses 马医 □ farriery  n.  钉蹄铁技术；钉蹄铁；马掌铺 [Old French ferrier from Latin ferrarius, from ferrum ‘iron, horseshoe’]

farrow /ˈfærəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a litter of pigs 一窝小猪 2  the birth of a litter 产小猪 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a sow) produce (pigs) (母猪)产(小猪) [Old English fearh, fœrh ‘pig’, from West Germanic]

farruca /fəˈru:kə/ n.  a type of flamenco dance 法鲁卡舞(西班牙吉卜赛人的一种民间舞蹈) [Spanish]

far-seeing adj.  shrewd in judgement; prescient 目光远大的，深谋远虑的，有先见之明的

Farsi /ˈfɑ:si:/ n.  the modern Persian language, the official language of Iran 法尔西语(现代波斯语，伊朗的官方语言) [Persian: cf. PARSEE]

far-sighted adj.  1  having foresight, prudent 有远见的，远见卓识的，深谋远虑的 2 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = LONG-SIGHTED  □ far-sightedly  adv.  □ far-sightedness  n.  

fart /fɑ:t/ v. & n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●v. intr.  1  emit wind from the anus 放屁 2 (foll. by 后跟 about, around)  behave foolishly; waste time 做蠢事；浪费时间 ●n.  1  an emission of wind from the anus 放屁 2  an unpleasant person 讨厌的人，卑鄙的人 [Old English (recorded in the verbal noun feorting) from Germanic]

farther var.  of FURTHER  adv. & adj. FURTHER 的变体

farthest var.  of FURTHEST  FURTHEST 的变体

farthing /ˈfɑ:ðiŋ/ n.  1 hist. (in the UK) a former coin and monetary unit equal to a quarter of an old penny (withdrawn in 1961) [史义]法寻(英国旧时硬币及货币单位，等于 1/4 旧便士。 1961 年取消) 2  the least possible amount 一点儿，极少量  it doesn't matter a farthing  这一点也不要紧 [Old English fēorthing from fēortha ‘fourth’]

farthingale /ˈfɑ:ðiŋɡeil/ n. hist.  a hooped petticoat or a stiff curved roll to extend a woman's skirt [史义] (用以撑开女裙的)裙环；(用裙环撑开的)裙环裙 [earlier vardingale, verd-, via French verdugale from Spanish verdugado, from verdugo ‘rod’]

fartlek /ˈfɑ:tlek/ n. Athletics  a method of training for middle- and long-distance running, mixing fast with slow work 【竞技】法特莱克训练法(一种速跑与慢跑交替进行的中长跑训练法) [Swedish, from fart ‘speed’ + lek ‘play’]

Far West n.  1  the regions of N. America in the Rocky Mountains and along the Pacific coast 远西地区(指位于落基山脉及太平洋沿岸的北美地区) 2 hist. [史义]  = MIDWEST 

fasces /ˈfæsi:z/ n. pl.  1 Rom. Hist.  a bundle of rods with a projecting axe-blade, carried by a lictor as a symbol of a magistrate's power [罗马]【史】法西斯(指一束棍棒，上露出战斧的斧头，由一名扈从扛着，用作古罗马高级执法官权力的象征) 2 hist. (in Fascist Italy) emblems of authority [史义] (法西斯意大利)权威的标志 [Latin, pl. of fascis ‘bundle’]

fascia /ˈfæʃiə, ˈfei-, -ʃə/ n. (pl. fasciae /-ʃii:/ or fascias)  1 Archit. 【建】  a  a long flat surface between mouldings on the architrave in classical architecture (古典建筑柱头上的)盘座面，挑口饰b  a flat board, usu. of wood, covering the ends of rafters 柱顶横梁的横带 2  a stripe or band 带，饰带 3 /ˈfæʃə/ Anat.  a thin sheath of fibrous tissue, esp. that enclosing a muscle or other organ 【解】筋膜 4  = FACIA 1  5 Brit. [英]  = FACIA 2  □ fascial  adj.   [Latin, = band, door frame, etc.]

fasciate /ˈfæʃieit, -iət/ adj. (also 亦作 fasciated)  1 Bot. (of contiguous parts) compressed or growing into one 【植】(相邻部分)扁化的；簇生的 2  striped or banded 用带子束住的 □ fasciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin fasciatus, past part. of fasciare ‘swathe’ (as FASCIA)]

fascicle /ˈfæsik(ə)l/ n.  1 (also 亦作 fascicule /-kju:l/)  a separately published instalment of a book, usu. not complete in itself (书的)一卷，一分册 2  a bunch or bundle 一束，一簇 3 (also 亦作 fasciculus /fæˈsikjʊləs/) Anat.  a bundle of fibres 【解】(神经、肌肉的)束 □ fascicled  adj.  □ fascicular  /-ˈsikjʊlə/ adj.  □ fasciculate  /-ˈsikjʊlət/ adj.  □ fasciculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin fasciculus ‘bundle’, diminutive of fascis: see FASCES]

fasciitis /fɑsiˈaitis, fæʃi-/ n. Med.  inflammation of the fascia of a muscle etc. 【医】(肌肉等)筋膜发炎

fascinate /ˈfæsineit/ v. tr.  1  capture the interest of; attract irresistibly 迷住，使神魂颠倒，强烈地吸引住 2 (esp. of a snake) paralyse (a victim) with fear (尤指蛇)把(猎物等)吓得不能动弹，使吓呆 □ fascinated  adj.  □ fascinating  adj.  □ fascinatingly  adv.  □ fascination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fascinator  n.   [Latin fascinare from fascinum ‘spell’]

fascine /fæˈsi:n/ n.  a long faggot used for engineering purposes and (esp. in war) for lining trenches, filling ditches, etc. (工程上用的)梢捆；(尤指战争中加固战壕、填沟等用的)束柴 [French from Latin fascina, from fascis ‘bundle’: see FASCES]

Fascism /ˈfæʃiz(ə)m, -siz(ə)m/ n.  1  the totalitarian principles and organization of the extreme right-wing nationalist movement in Italy (1922 － 43) 意大利法西斯主义；意大利法西斯主义组织(指 1922 至 1943 年在意大利极端右翼民族主义者运动中实行的主义及建立的组织) 2 (also 亦作 fascism)  a  any similar nationalist and authoritarian movement 法西斯式的民族主义(或独裁主义)运动b (loosely) any system of extreme right-wing or authoritarian views (笼统地指)极右(或独裁)观念体系 □ Fascist  n. & adj. (also 亦作 fascist)  □ Fascistic  /-ˈʃistik/ adj. (also 亦作 fascistic)   [Italian fascismo, from fascio ‘political group’, from Latin fascis ‘bundle’: see FASCES]■Usage 用法说明 Some people find the use of Fascism in sense 2b unacceptable. 一些人认为使用 Fascism 释义 2b 是难以令人接受的。 

fashion /ˈfæʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the current popular custom or style, esp. in dress or social conduct (服饰的)流行款式，时新式样；(社会行为的)时尚，风气，潮流 2  a manner or style of doing something 方式，样子；风格  in a peculiar fashion  以特殊的方式 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  in a specified manner 以(某种)方式  walk crab-fashion  像蟹一样行走 4  fashionable society 上流社会  a woman of fashion  上流社会的妇女 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  make into a particular or the required form 制作成；塑造成；使成形；形成 □ after (or in) a fashion   as well as is practicable, though not satisfactorily 勉强；马马虎虎□ in (or out of) fashion   fashionable (or not fashionable) at the time in question 合乎时尚(不合时尚)□ fashioner  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French fasun, Old French façon from Latin factio -onis, from facere fact- ‘do, make’]

fashionable /ˈfæʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  following, suited to, or influenced by the current fashion 时髦的，赶时髦的；符合时尚的；时兴的 2  characteristic of or favoured by those who are leaders of social fashion 时髦人物的；受时髦人物喜爱的 □ fashionability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ fashionableness  n.  □ fashionably  adv.  

fashion victim n.  a slavish follower of trends in fashion 盲目追赶潮流(或时尚)的人

fast1 /fɑ:st/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  rapid, quickmoving 快的，动作迅速的，敏捷的 2  capable of high speed 速度高的  a fast car  跑得快的小汽车 3  enabling or causing or intended for high speed 使能够快速运行的，适于快速运行的  a fast road  快速车道 fast bowler  板球快投手 4 (of a clock etc.) showing a time ahead of the correct time (钟表等)偏快的 5 (of a pitch or ground etc. in a sport) likely to make the ball bounce or run quickly (球场等)能使球弹起(或滚得快)的 6  a (of a photographic film) needing only a short exposure (胶卷)曝光时间短的，感光快的b (of a lens) having a large aperture (镜头)孔径大的 7  a  firmly fixed or attached 牢固的，坚固的，稳固的b  secure; firmly established 可靠的；牢不可破的  a fast friendship  牢不可破的友谊 8 (of a colour) not fading in light or when washed (颜色)不褪色的 9 (of a person) immoral, dissipated (人)放荡的，耽于享乐的 ●adv.  1  quickly; in quick succession 迅速地；快速不断地 2  firmly, fixedly, tightly, securely 牢固地，坚固地，稳固地；紧紧地  stand fast  屹立不动 eyes fast shut  双眼紧闭着 3  soundly, completely 酣畅地；完全地  fast asleep  酣睡 4  close, immediately 靠近地，紧接着  fast on their heels  紧跟在他们后面 □ pull a fast one  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  try to deceive or gain an unfair advantage [口]蒙骗；(设法)占便宜 [Old English fœst, from Germanic]

fast2 /fɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  abstain from all or some kinds of food or drink, esp. as a religious observance 斋戒；禁食(尤指宗教习俗) ●n.  an act or period of fasting 禁食(期)；节食(期)；斋戒(期) [Old Norse fasta, from Germanic]

fast and furious adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  rapidly 迅速地 2  eagerly, uproariously 热切地；喧腾地 ●adj. (of mirth etc.) eager, uproarious (欢笑等)热切的，喧腾的

fastback /ˈfɑ:s(t)bæk/ n.  1  a motor car with the rear sloping continuously down to the bumper (尾部平缓地向保险杠倾斜的)小汽车 2  such a rear (小汽车向保险杠缓倾的)尾部

fast breeder n. (also 亦作 fast breeder reactor)  a reactor using fast neutrons to produce the same fissile material as it uses 快中子增殖反应堆

fast buck  see 见 BUCK2 

fasten /ˈfɑ:s(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  make or become fixed or secure (使)固定，(使)牢固 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  lock securely; shut in 锁牢，扣牢，闩住 3 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  direct (a look, thoughts, etc.) fixedly or intently 把(目光、思想等)导向b  focus or direct the attention fixedly upon 把(注意力)集中于  fastened him with her eyes  她拿眼盯着他 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  fix (a designation or imputation etc.) 把(称号、罪名等)强加给 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  take hold of 抓住，握住b  single out 拣出，挑出，选拔 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off)  fix with stitches or a knot (用缝线或线结)扣牢 □ fastener  n.   [Old English fœstnian, from Germanic]

fastening /ˈfɑ:s(ə)niŋ/ n.  a device that fastens something; a fastener 固定(某物)的装置；扣件；拴扣物(如锁、闩、钩、扣、钉等)

fast food n.  food that can be prepared and served quickly and easily, esp. in a snack bar or restaurant 快餐食品

fast forward n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a control on a tape or video player for advancing the tape rapidly (录音机或录像机的)快进键 2  = CUE1n. 3  ●adj. (作 fast-forward)  designating such a control 快进(键)的 ●v. tr. (作 fast-forward)  advance (a tape) rapidly, sometimes while simultaneously playing it at high speed 使(录音带或录像带)快进；快速播放(录音带或录像带)

fastidious /fæˈstidiəs/ adj.  1  very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy 挑选仔细的；过分讲究的；过分注意细节的 2  easily disgusted; squeamish 难讨好的；易生气的；爱挑剔的，吹毛求疵的 □ fastidiously  adv.  □ fastidiousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin fastidiosus, from fastidium ‘loathing’]

fastigiate /fæˈstidʒiət, -ieit/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  having a conical or tapering outline 锥形的 2  having parallel upright branches 帚状的 [Latin fastigium ‘gable-top’]

fast lane n.  1  a lane on a motorway etc. intended for overtaking (超车用的)快车道 2 (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  a hectic lifestyle 紧张的生活方式

fastness /ˈfɑ:s(t)nis/ n.  1  a stronghold or fortress 堡垒，要塞 2  the state of being secure 牢固，固定 [Old English fœstnes (as FAST1)]

fast neutron n.  a neutron with high kinetic energy, esp. not slowed by a moderator etc. (cf. 参见 SLOW NEUTRON) 快中子

fast reactor n.  a nuclear reactor using mainly fast neutrons 快中子反应堆

fast-talk v. tr. N. Amer. colloq.  persuade by rapid or deceitful talk [北美口]口若悬河(或花言巧语)地说服

fast track n. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  a route, course, method, etc., which provides for more rapid results than usual 快速成功之道；快速提升之道  on the fast track for promotion  官运亨通

fast-wind v. tr.  wind (magnetic tape) rapidly backwards or forwards 快倒(或快进) (磁带)

fast worker n. colloq.  a person who achieves quick results, esp. in love affairs [口] (尤指在恋爱方面)快速取得成功的人

fat /fæt/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a natural oily or greasy substance occurring esp. in animal bodies (尤指动物的)脂肪，油脂 2  the part of anything containing this 含脂肪(或油脂)的部分 3  excessive presence of fat in a person or animal; corpulence (人或动物)脂肪过多，肥胖 4 Chem.  any of a group of natural esters of glycerol and various fatty acids existing as solids at room temperature 【化】脂肪 ●adj. (fatter, fattest)  1 (of a person or animal) having excessive fat; corpulent (人或动物)脂肪过多的，肥胖的 2 (of an animal) made plump for slaughter; fatted (动物)育肥备宰的，被催肥的 3  containing much fat 多脂肪的，多油脂的 4  greasy, oily, unctuous 油腻的，油乎乎的 5 (of land or resources) fertile, rich; yielding abundantly (土地)肥沃的，富饶的；(资源)丰富的；丰产的 6  a  thick, substantial in content 厚的，(内容)丰富的  a fat book  一本厚厚的书b  substantial as an asset or opportunity (财产)丰实的，大量的；(机会)有利可图的，收益多的  a fat cheque  金额很大的支票 was given a fat part in the play  在那出戏中得到了一个有油水的角色 7  a (of coal) bituminous (煤)含沥青的b (of clay etc.) sticky (土壤等)黏性的 8 colloq. iron.  very little; not much [口] [讽]极少的，不多的  a fat chance  极小的机会 a fat lot  几乎没有 ●v. tr. & intr. (fatted, fatting)  make or become fat (使)长胖；使(长肥) □ the fat is in the fire   trouble is imminent 麻烦即将到来□ kill the fatted calf   celebrate, esp. at a prodigal's return (Luke 15) (尤指浪子回头时表示)庆祝，欢迎(《路加福音》第 15 章)□ live off (or on) the fat of the land   have the best of everything 穷奢极侈，养尊处优□ fatless  adj.  □ fatly  adv.  □ fatness  n.  □ fattish  adj.  略胖的，稍胖的 [Old English fœt (adj.), fœˉttian (v.), from Germanic]

fatal /ˈfeit(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or ending in death 致命的  a fatal accident  死亡事故 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  destructive; ruinous; ending in disaster 毁灭性的，破坏性的，灾难性的  was fatal to their chances  对他们的命运是灾难性的 made a fatal mistake  犯了致命的错误 3  fateful, decisive 命中注定的；决定性的 □ fatally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French fatal or Latin fatalis (as FATE)]

fatalism /ˈfeit(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable 宿命论 2  a submissive attitude to events as being inevitable 听天由命 □ fatalist  n.  □ fatalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ fatalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

fatality /fəˈtæliti, fei-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an occurrence of death by accident or in war etc. (事故或战争等造成的)死亡b  a person killed in this way (事故或战争等造成的)死亡者 2  a fatal influence 致死的作用，致命 3  a predestined liability to disaster 天数；厄运 4  subjection to or the supremacy of fate 听天由命，顺从命运 [French fatalité or Late Latin fatalitas from Latin fatalis FATAL]

fat cat n. slang derog.  a wealthy person, esp. a wealthy businessman, politician, or civil servant [俚语] [贬]富有的人(尤指有财势的商人、政客或公务员)

fate /feit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a power regarded as predetermining events unalterably 命运，天数，天命 2  a  the future regarded as determined by such a power 命运安排的未来b  an individual's appointed lot (人)注定的命运c  the ultimate condition or end of a person or thing (人或物)最终的状况(或结局)  that sealed our fate  那件事决定了我们的命运 3  death, destruction 死亡，毁灭 4 (usu. 通常作 Fate)  a goddess of destiny, esp. one of three Greek or Scandinavian goddesses 命运女神(尤指希腊或斯堪的纳维亚命运三女神之一) ●v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  preordain 命中注定，命该  was fated to win  注定要赢 2 (as 作 fated adj.)  doomed to destruction 注定毁灭 □ fate worse than death   see 见 DEATH  [Middle English from Italian fato and Latin fatum ‘that which is spoken’, from fari ‘speak’]

fateful /ˈfeitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  important, decisive; having far-reaching consequences 重要的；决定性的；影响深远的 2  controlled as if by fate 似受命运支配的 3  causing or likely to cause disaster 引起灾难的；可能引发灾难的 4  prophetic 预言性的 □ fatefully  adv.  □ fatefulness  n.  

fat farm n. colloq. esp. N. Amer.  a health farm for overweight people [口] [尤北美]减肥中心，减肥疗养地

fat-head n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ fat-headed  adj.  □ fat-headedness  n.  

fat hen n.  the white goosefoot, Chenopodium album 藜

father /ˈfɑ:ðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a man in relation to a child or children born from his fertilization of an ovum 父亲b (in full 全称 adoptive father)  a man who has continuous care of a child, esp. by adoption 养父 2  any male animal in relation to its offspring (动物之)父 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a progenitor or forefather 祖先，前辈 4  an originator, designer, or early leader 创始人；设计者；先驱 5  a person who deserves special respect 元老；缔造者  the father of his country  国父 6 (作 Fathers or Fathers of the Church)  early Christian theologians whose writings are regarded as especially authoritative 早期的基督教神学家(其著作被认为具有特殊的权威性) 7 (also 亦作 Father)  a (often as a title or form of address) a priest, esp. of a religious order (常用作头衔或称呼)神父b  a religious leader 宗教领袖 8 (作 the Father) (in Christian belief) the first person of the Trinity (基督教)三位一体中的圣父，上帝 9 (作 Father)  a venerable person, esp. as a title in personifications 年高德劭的人(尤用来称呼拟人化的事物)  Father Time  时间老人 10  the oldest member or doyen 年龄最长者，老前辈  Father of the House  议院中任期最长的议员 11 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the leading men or elders in a city or state (城市或国家中的)领导者，长者  city fathers  城市中德高望重的元老 ●v. tr.  1  beget; be the father of (作为父亲)生育(子女)，作…的父亲 2  behave as a father towards 像父亲一样对待(或保护、抚养) 3  originate (a scheme etc.) 最早制定(计划等) 4  appear as or admit that one is the father or originator of 显得(或承认)为…的父亲；显得(或承认)为…的创始人 5 (foll. by 后跟 on)  assign the paternity of (a child, book) to a person 确定(孩子)的生父；确定(书)的作者 □ fatherhood  n.  □ fatherless  adj.  □ fatherlessness  n.  □ fatherlike  adj. & adv.   [Old English fœder with many Germanic cognates: related to Latin pater, Greek patēr]

Father Christmas n.  = SANTA CLAUS 

father figure n.  an older man who is respected like a father; a trusted leader 像父亲般受尊敬的长者；受到信赖的领导人

father-in-law n. (pl. fathers-in-law)  the father of one's husband or wife 公公；岳父

fatherland /ˈfɑ:ðəlænd/ n.  one's native country, now esp. Germany 祖国(现尤用于德国)

fatherly /ˈfɑ:ðəli/ adj.  1  like or characteristic of a father in affection, care, etc. 父亲般(慈祥、呵护等)的，似父亲的  fatherly concern  父亲般的关怀 2  of or proper to a father 父亲的 □ fatherliness  n.  

father of chapel n. (also 亦作 father of the chapel) Brit.  the shop steward of a printers' chapel [英] (印刷厂工人工会的)工会管事

Father's Day n.  a day (usu. the third Sunday in June) established for a special tribute to fathers 父亲节(通常为 6 月的第 3 个星期日)

Father Time  see 见 TIME n. 2b 

fathom /ˈfæð(ə)m/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. often fathom when prec. by a number 前接数字时常单复同)  1  a measure of six feet, esp. used in taking depth soundings 英寻(长度单位，合 6 英尺，尤用于测量水深) 2 Brit.  a quantity of wood six feet square in cross-section [英]剖面为 6 平方英尺的木材量 ●v. tr.  1  grasp or comprehend (a problem or difficulty) 领会，理解(问题或困难) 2  measure the depth of (water) with a sounding line (用测量绳)测量(水)的深度 □ fathomable  adj.  □ fathomless  adj.   [Old English fœthm ‘outstretched arms’, from Germanic]

fathometer /fæˈðɒmitə/ n.  a type of echo sounder 回声探测仪

fatigue /fəˈti:ɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  extreme tiredness after exertion 疲劳，疲倦，劳累 2  weakness in materials, esp. metal, caused by repeated variations of stress (尤指金属等材料的)疲劳 3  a reduction in the efficiency of a muscle, organ, etc., after prolonged activity (肌肉、器官等过度运动后引起的)效率降低(或疲劳) 4  an activity that causes fatigue (引起疲劳的)活动；累活 5 (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer.  clothing of various types worn by military personnel [尤北美] (军事人员穿的各式)服装  camouflage fatigues  迷彩服 combat fatigues  作战服 6 archaic [古义]  a  a non-military duty in the army, often as a punishment (军队中常作为惩罚的)非军务劳役b (in full 全称 fatigue-party)  a group of soldiers ordered to do such a duty 做杂役的士兵，杂役队，劳动班c (in pl. 用复数)  clothing worn for such a duty 士兵做杂役时穿的服装，工作服 ●v. tr. (fatigues, fatigued, fatiguing)  cause fatigue in; tire, exhaust 使疲劳，使疲倦，使疲惫不堪 □ fatiguable  adj. (also 亦作 fatigable)  □ fatiguability  /-ɡəˈbiliti/ n. (also 亦作 fatigability)  □ fatigueless  adj.   [French fatigue, fatiguer from Latin fatigare ‘tire out’]

Fatiha /ˈfɑ:tiə, ˈfæt-/ n. (also 亦作 Fatihah)  the short first sura of the Koran, used by Muslims as a prayer 法谛哈(穆斯林用作祷告经文的《古兰经》开篇短章) [Arabic fɑˉtiha ‘opening’ from fataha ‘to open’]

Fatimid /ˈfætimid/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Fatimite /-mait/) ●n.  1  a descendant of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad (穆罕默德之女)法蒂玛的后裔 2  a member of a dynasty ruling in N. Africa in the 10th － 12th c. 法蒂玛王朝的成员(指公元 10 世纪至 12 世纪在北非建立的统治王朝的成员) ●adj.  of or relating to the Fatimids 法蒂玛王朝的；与法蒂玛王朝有关的

fatism var.  of FATTISM  FATTISM 的变体

fatist var.  of FATTIST  (see 见 FATTISM) FATTIST 的变体

fatling /ˈfætliŋ/ n.  a young fatted animal 育肥的幼畜

fatso /ˈfætsəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes) slang offens.  a fat person [俚语] [冒犯]胖子 [probably from FAT or the designation Fats]

fatstock /ˈfætstɒk/ n. Brit.  livestock fattened for slaughter [英]养肥备宰的牲畜

fatten /ˈfæt(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (esp. with reference to meat-producing animals) make or become fat (尤指产肉动物)被养肥；长肥 2 tr.  enrich (soil) 使(土壤)肥沃

fattening /ˈfæt(ə)niŋ/ adj. (of foods) easily causing an increase in weight (食物)易使体重增加的

fattism /ˈfætiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 fatism)  prejudice or discrimination against fat people 对肥胖者的偏见(或歧视) □ fattist  n. & adj. (also 亦作 fatist)  

fatty /ˈfæti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (fattier, fattiest)  1  like fat; oily, greasy 像脂肪的；油脂的；油腻的 2  consisting of or containing fat; adipose 脂肪质的；含脂肪的；肥的，胖的 3  marked by abnormal deposition of fat, esp. in fatty degeneration 脂肪过多的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a fat person (esp. as a nickname) [口]胖子(尤用作绰号) □ fattiness  n.  

fatty acid n.  any of a class of organic compounds consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, esp. those occurring as constituents of lipids 脂肪酸

fatty oil n.  = FIXED OIL 

fatuous /ˈfætjʊəs/ adj.  vacantly silly; purposeless, idiotic 蠢的；无目的的，傻的 □ fatuity  /fəˈtju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ fatuously  adv.  □ fatuousness  n.   [Latin fatuus ‘foolish’]

fatwa /ˈfætwɑ:/ n. (in Islamic countries) an authoritative ruling on a religious matter (伊斯兰国家中)官方对宗教事务的统治(或裁定) [Arabic fatwɑˉ]

faubourg /ˈfəʊbʊəɡ, 法 fobur/ n.  a suburb, esp. of Paris (尤指巴黎的)郊区 [French: cf. medieval Latin falsus burgus ‘not the city proper’]

fauces /ˈfɔ:si:z/ n. pl. Anat.  a cavity at the back of the mouth 【解】咽门，咽峡 □ faucial  /ˈfɔ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin, = throat]

faucet /ˈfɔ:sit/ n. esp. US  a tap [尤美]水龙头 [Middle English via Old French fausset ‘vent-peg’ from Provençal falset, from falsar ‘to bore’]

fault /fɔ:lt, fɒlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a defect or imperfection of character or of structure, appearance, etc. 瑕疵，缺陷，缺点，毛病 2  a break or other defect in an electric circuit (电路中的)故障 3  a transgression, offence, or thing wrongly done 违法；过失，过错 4  a Tennis  etc. a service of the ball not in accordance with the rules 【网球】发球犯规b (in showjumping) a penalty for an error (超越障碍马术比赛)对失误的罚分 5  responsibility for wrongdoing, error, etc. (对过失、过错等所负的)责任  it will be your own fault  这将是你自己的责任 6  a defect regarded as the cause of something wrong (导致错误的)毛病，缺陷  the fault lies in the teaching methods  毛病出在教学法上 7 Geol.  an extended break in the continuity of strata or a vein 【地质】断层 ●v.  1 tr.  find fault with; blame 找(某人)的缺点，挑剔；责备 2 tr.  declare to be faulty 宣布…是错误的 3 tr. Geol.  break the continuity of (strata or a vein) 【地质】使(地层或岩脉)断层 4 intr.  commit a fault 犯错误，出差错 5 intr. Geol.  show a fault 【地质】产生断层，出现断层 □ at fault   guilty; to blame 有过失；该受责备；有责任□ find fault  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make an adverse criticism; complain 找茬子；抱怨□ to a fault  (usu. of a commendable quality etc.) excessively (通常指在值得称道的品质等方面)过分地，过度地  generous to a fault  过分地慷慨 [Middle English faut(e) from Old French, ultimately from Latin fallere FAIL]

fault-finding n.  continual criticism 吹毛求疵，挑剔 □ fault-finder  n.  

faultless /ˈfɔ:ltlis, ˈfɒlt-/ adj.  without fault; free from defect or error 无过失的，无缺点的，完美无缺的 □ faultlessly  adv.  □ faultlessness  n.  

faulty /ˈfɔ:lti, ˈfɒlti/ (faultier, faultiest) adj.  having faults; imperfect, defective 有过失的；不完善的，有毛病的，有缺陷的 □ faultily  adv.  □ faultiness  n.  

faun /fɔ:n/ n.  one of a class of Latin rural deities with a human face and torso and a goat's horns, legs, and tail, identified with the Greek satyrs (罗马神话中的)农牧神(面部及躯干呈人形，角、腿及尾巴呈山羊形，相当希腊神话中的萨梯) [Middle English via Old French faune or Latin Faunus, the name of a Latin god identified with Greek Pan]

fauna /ˈfɔ:nə/ n. (pl. faunae /-ni:/ or faunas)  1  the animal life of a region or geological period (cf. 参见 FLORA) (某地区或某地质时期的)动物群，全部动物 2  a treatise on or list of this 动物志 □ faunal  adj.  □ faunist  n.  □ faunistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from the name of a rural goddess, sister of Faunus: see FAUN]

faute de mieux /fəʊt də ˈmjɜ:, 法 fot də mjø/ adv.  for want of a better alternative 因无更好的替代物 [French]

fauteuil /fəʊˈtɜ:i, 法 fotœj/ n.  a kind of wooden seat in the form of an armchair with open sides and upholstered arms (木质)扶手椅，安乐椅 [French, from Old French faudestuel, faldestoel FALDSTOOL]

fauve /fəʊv/ n.  a person who practises or favours fauvism 以野兽派风格绘画的人；喜欢野兽派画风的人

fauvism /ˈfəʊviz(ə)m/ n.  a style of painting with vivid use of colour 野兽派 (20 世纪初法国的一个激进的表现主义画派，其绘画风格为使用鲜明的色彩以求得装饰效果)；野兽派运动 □ fauvist  n.  野兽派画家 [French fauve ‘wild beast’, applied to painters of the school of Matisse]

faux /fəʊ/ adj.  false, imitation 虚假的；人造的，人工的  a faux fur hood  仿毛皮风帽 [French, = false]

faux pas n. (pl. same 单复同 /ˈpɑ:z/)  1  a tactless mistake; a blunder 过失，大错；失策 2  a social indiscretion 失态，失言，失礼 [French, = false step]

fave /feiv/ n. & adj. slang [俚语]  = FAVOURITE(esp. in show business 尤用于演艺界)  [abbreviation]

favela /fæˈvelə/ n.  a Brazilian shack, slum, or shanty town (巴西的)棚屋，贫民窟，棚户区 [Portuguese]

favour /ˈfeivə/ n. & v. (US [美] favor) ●n.  1  an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual 善行，恩惠  did it as a favour  做此事以示恩惠 2  esteem, liking, approval, goodwill; friendly regard 尊敬；喜爱；赞同；好感，欢心，宠爱  gained their favour  赢得了他们的好感 look with favour on  以赞同的态度看待 3  partiality; too lenient or generous treatment 偏爱，偏袒 4  aid, support 帮助，支持  under favour of night  在夜幕的掩护下 5  a thing given or worn as a mark of favour or support, e.g. a badge or a knot of ribbons (表示喜爱或支持的)赠与物(或佩带物) (如徽章或花结) 6 archaic  leave, pardon [古义]许可；宽恕  by your favour  如果您允许我这样说的话 7 Commerce archaic  a letter 【商业】[古义]商业信件，函件  your favour of yesterday  您昨天的函件 ●v. tr.  1  regard or treat with favour or partiality 偏爱，偏袒 2  give support or approval to; promote, prefer 支持，赞同；提升；喜爱 3  a  be to the advantage of (a person) 有利于(某人)，有助于b  facilitate (a process etc.) 促进(进程等) 4  tend to confirm (an idea or theory) 证实(想法或理论) 5 (foll. by 后跟 with)  oblige 惠赐，惠赠  favour me with a reply  请复函 6 (as 作 favoured adj.)  having special advantages 有天赋的；有优势的；受到优待的；受到宠爱的 7 colloq.  resemble in features [口]像，相似 □ in favour   1  meeting with approval 获得赞同；受到欢迎 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  in support of 赞成，支持b  to the advantage of 有利于□ out of favour   lacking approval 不受欢迎；失宠□ favourer  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin favor -oris, from favēre ‘show kindness to’]

favourable /ˈfeiv(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] favorable)  1  a  well disposed; propitious 有利的；顺利的；适宜的b  commendatory, approving 赢得称赞的，讨人喜欢的 2  giving consent 赞成的，同意的  a favourable answer  同意的答复 3  promising, auspicious, satisfactory 前途有望的；吉利的；满意的  a favourable aspect  有前途的一面 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  helpful, suitable 有帮助的；合适的 □ favourableness  n.  □ favourably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French favorable from Latin favorabilis (as FAVOUR)]

favourite /ˈfeiv(ə)rit/ adj. & n. (US [美] favorite) ●adj.  preferred to all others 最喜欢的  my favourite book  我最喜欢的书 ●n.  1  a specially favoured person 特别受喜爱的人 2 Sport  a competitor thought most likely to win 【运动】被认为最有希望获胜的竞赛者 [obsolete French favorit from Italian favorito, past part. of favorire ‘favour’]

favourite son n. US  a person supported as a presidential candidate by delegates from the candidate's home state [美]本州代表们所支持的本州总统候选人

favouritism /ˈfeiv(ə)ritiz(ə)m/ n. (US [美] favoritism)  the unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another 偏爱，偏袒，偏心

fawn1 /fɔ:n/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a young deer in its first year (未满一岁的)幼鹿 2  a light yellowish brown 浅黄褐色 ●adj.  of a light yellowish-brown colour 浅黄褐色的 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a deer) bring forth (young) (鹿)产(仔) □ in fawn  (of a deer) pregnant (鹿)怀孕 [Middle English from Old French faon etc., ultimately from Latin fetus ‘offspring’: cf. FOETUS]

fawn2 /fɔ:n/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon) (of a person) behave servilely, show cringing affection (指人)奉承，讨好，巴结 2 (of an animal, esp. a dog) show extreme affection (动物，尤指狗)摇尾乞怜 □ fawning  adj.  □ fawningly  adv.   [Old English fagnian, fœgnian (variant of FAIN)]

fax /fæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  facsimile transmission (see 见 FACSIMILE n. 2) 传真，传真通讯 2  a  a copy produced or message sent by this 传真件；传真信息b  a machine for transmitting and receiving these 传真机 ●v. tr.  transmit (a document) in this way 传真传送(文件) [abbreviation of FACSIMILE]

Fay /fei/   费伊 [人名]

fay /fei/ n. literary  a fairy [文学用语]仙女；小妖精 [Middle English via Old French fae, faie from Latin fata (pl.) ‘the Fates’]

fayre  see 见 FAIR2 

faze /feiz/ v. tr. (often as 常作 fazed adj.) colloq.  disconcert, perturb, disorientate [口]使为难；打扰，烦扰；使晕头转向 [variant of feeze ‘drive off’, from Old English fēsian, of unknown origin]

façade /fəˈsɑ:d/ n. (also 亦作 facade)  1  the face of a building, esp. its principal front (建筑物的)正面 2  an outward appearance or front, esp. a deceptive one (尤指给人以假象的)外表，外观 [French (as FACE)]

FBA abbr.  Fellow of the British Academy [缩略]不列颠学会会员

FBI abbr. (in the US) Federal Bureau of Investigation [缩略] (美国)联邦调查局

FC abbr. (in British names) Football Club [缩略] (用于英国名称)足球俱乐部

FCC abbr. (in the US) Federal Communications Commission [缩略] (美国)联邦通讯委员会

FCO abbr. (in the UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office [缩略] (英国)外交和联邦事务部

fcp. abbr. [缩略]  foolscap 

FD abbr.  Defender of the Faith [缩略]护教者 [Latin Fidei Defensor]

FDA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the US) Food and Drug Administration (美国)食品药品管理局 2 (in the UK) First Division (Civil Servants) Association (cf. 参见 AFDCS) (英国)公务员协会

FE abbr. [缩略]  further education 

Fe symb. Chem.  the element iron [符]【化】(化学元素)铁 [Latin ferrum]

fealty /ˈfi:əlti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 hist. [史义]  a  a feudal tenant's or vassal's fidelity to a lord (封建时代佃户、臣仆对封建领主的)效忠，忠诚b  an acknowledgement of this (对忠诚、效忠等的)认领 2  allegiance 忠诚，忠心 [Middle English via Old French feaulté from Latin fidelitas -tatis, from fidelis ‘faithful’ from fides ‘faith’]

fear /fiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an unpleasant emotion caused by exposure to danger, expectation of pain, etc. 恐惧，害怕b  a state of alarm 恐惧的状态  be in fear  提心吊胆 2  a cause of fear 恐惧的原因，令人害怕的事物  all fears removed  所有令人恐惧的东西都消除了 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  dread or fearful respect (towards) 敬畏，畏惧  fear of heights  恐高 fear of one's elders  对长者的敬畏 4  anxiety for the safety of 担心…的安全，焦虑  in fear of their lives  担心他们的生命安全 5  danger; likelihood (of something unwelcome) 危险；(发生不愉快事情的)可能性  there is little fear of failure  不大可能失败 ●v.  1  a tr.  feel fear about or towards (a person or thing) 害怕(某人或某物)，畏惧b intr.  feel fear 感到害怕 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  feel anxiety or apprehension about 担忧，担心，忧虑  feared for my life  为我的生命担忧 3 tr.  apprehend; have uneasy expectation of 为…担心，为…忧虑，生怕  fear the worst  担心会发生最坏的情况 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  apprehend with fear or regret 担心，恐怕；为…感到遗憾  I fear that you are wrong  恐怕你错了 5 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  hesitate 犹豫，迟疑b (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun)  shrink from; be apprehensive about 害怕；为…感到担心  he feared meeting his ex-wife  他害怕见到前妻 6 tr.  show reverence towards 敬畏，尊敬 □ for fear of (or that)   to avoid the risk of (or that) 生怕；以免□ never fear   there is no danger of that 不用怕，别担心□ no fear  Brit. colloq.  expressing strong denial or refusal [英口] (表示强烈的否定或坚决的拒绝)当然不，决不□ without fear or favour   impartially 公正地，不偏不倚地 [Old English from Germanic]

fearful /ˈfiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  afraid 担心的，忧虑的 2  terrible, awful 可怕的，吓人的 3 colloq.  extremely unwelcome or unpleasant [口]令人极其不快的，令人极端厌恶的  a fearful row  令人极其不快的吵嚷 □ fearfully  adv.  □ fearfulness  n.  

fearless /ˈfiəlis/ adj.  1  courageous, brave 有勇气的，勇敢的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  without fear 大胆的，不怕的，无畏的 □ fearlessly  adv.  □ fearlessness  n.  

fearsome /ˈfiəs(ə)m/ adj.  appalling or frightening, esp. in appearance (尤指外表)吓人的，可怕的 □ fearsomely  adv.  □ fearsomeness  n.  

feasibility /fi:ziˈbiliti/ n.  the state or degree of being feasible 可行性

feasibility study n.  a study of the practicability of a proposed project. 可行性研究

feasible /ˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj.  1  practicable, possible; easily or conveniently done 可行的，行得通的，可能的；易做成的 2 disp.  likely, probable [异议]可能的  it is feasible that it will rain  可能会下雨 □ feasibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French faisable, -ible, from fais-, stem of faire, from Latin facere ‘do, make’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of feasible in sense 2 to mean ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ in the sense ‘likely’ is considered incorrect by many people. Possible or probable should be used instead. 许多人认为使用 feasible 的释义 2 表示“可能的”是不正确的。应该用 possible 或 probable 代替。 

feast /fi:st/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large or sumptuous meal 盛宴，宴会 2  a gratification to the senses or mind 赏心悦目；(感官、精神方面的)享受 3  a  an annual religious celebration (一年一次的)宗教庆祝活动b  a day dedicated to a particular saint (纪念某一特殊圣徒的)节日 4 Brit.  an annual village festival [英] (一年一次的)乡村节日 ●v.  1 intr.  partake of a feast; eat and drink sumptuously 参加宴会；尽情地吃喝 2 tr.  a  regale 设宴款待，盛宴招待b  pass (time) in feasting 尽情地吃喝以消磨(时光) □ feast one's eyes on   take pleasure in beholding 欣赏…以大饱眼福，尽情欣赏…之美□ feast of reason   intellectual talk 富有教益的谈话□ feaster  n.   [Middle English via Old French feste, fester from Latin festus ‘joyous’]

feast day n.  a day on which a feast (esp. a religious one) is held 节日(尤指宗教节日)

feast of Tabernacles n.  = SUCCOTH 

feat /fi:t/ n.  a noteworthy act or achievement 功绩，业绩；武艺，技艺 [Middle English from Old French fait, fet (as FACT)]

feather /ˈfeðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the appendages growing from a bird's skin, with a horny hollow stem and fine strands 羽毛，翎毛 2  one or more of these as decoration etc. 羽饰 3 (collect. 集合名词)  a  plumage 羽衣；(漂亮精致的)服装b  game birds 供捕猎的鸟 ●v.  1 tr.  cover or line with feathers 用羽毛覆盖；用羽毛装饰 2 tr. Rowing  turn (an oar) so that it passes through the air edgeways 【划艇】(桨叶在水面外时)以阻力小的方式滑 3 tr. Aeron. & Naut. 【空】【海】  a  cause (the propeller blades) to rotate in such a way as to lessen the air or water resistance 使(螺桨)顺流交距b  vary the angle of attack of (helicopter blades) (直升机旋翼)周期变距 4 intr.  float, move, or wave like feathers (像羽毛一样)漂浮，移动，摇动 □ a feather in one's cap   an achievement to one's credit 可引以为豪的成就□ feather one's nest   enrich oneself 使自己富足；中饱私囊□ in fine (or high) feather   in good spirits 情绪极佳，精神饱满□ feathered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ featherless  adj.  □ feathery  adj.  □ featheriness  n.   [Old English fether, gefithrian, from Germanic]

feather bed n. & v. ●n.  a bed with a mattress stuffed with feathers 带羽绒褥垫的床 ●v. tr. (作 feather-bed) (-bedded, -bedding)  provide with (esp. financial) advantages 提供(尤指金融方面的)便利

feather-bedding n.  making or being made comfortable by favourable economic treatment, esp. the employment of excess staff (通过优惠的经济待遇，尤指通过超额雇佣员工)使(员工)舒适安逸的举措

feather-brain n. (also 亦作 feather-head)  a silly or absent-minded person 愚蠢的人；心不在焉的人 □ feather-brained  adj. (also 亦作 feather-headed)  

feather edge n.  the fine edge of a wedge-shaped board (楔形板的)薄边

feathering /ˈfeð(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  bird's plumage 羽毛 2  the feathers of an arrow 箭翎 3  a feather-like structure in an animal's coat (动物皮毛的)羽状结构 4 Archit.  cusps in tracery 【建】叶瓣饰

feather-light adj.  extremely light 极轻的，轻如羽毛的

feather stitch n. & v. ●n.  ornamental zigzag sewing 羽状绣花针迹 ●v. tr. (作 feather-stitch)  sew with this stitch 用羽状绣花针迹绣缝

featherweight /ˈfeðəweit/ n.  1  a  a weight in certain sports intermediate between bantamweight and lightweight, in the amateur boxing scale 54 － 7 kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters (某些体育运动中的)次轻量级(业余拳击中体重为 54 至 57 公斤，但专业拳击、摔跤和举重运动员的规定与此不同)b  a boxer etc. of this weight 次轻量级拳击手等 2  a very light person or thing 重量很轻的人(或物) 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a trifling or unimportant thing 微不足道的东西

feature /ˈfi:tʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinctive or characteristic part of a thing 特征，特点；特色 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a distinctive part of the face, esp. with regard to shape and visual effect 面部特征(尤指在外形及视觉效果方面) 3  a distinctive or regular article in a newspaper or magazine (报纸或杂志的)特写，特辑 4  a (in full 全称 feature film)  a full-length film intended as the main item in a cinema programme (电影的)正片，故事片b (in full 全称 feature programme)  a broadcast devoted to a particular topic 专题广播节目 ●v.  1 tr.  make a special display or attraction of; give special prominence to 以…为特色，使有特色；给…以显著地位 2 tr. & intr.  have as or be an important actor, participant, or topic in a film, broadcast, etc. (在电影、广播等中) (使)扮演重要角色；(使)作为主要节目 3 intr.  be a feature 是…的特色；成为…的特点 □ featured  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ featureless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French feture, faiture ‘form’ from Latin factura ‘formation’: see FACTURE]

Feb. abbr. [缩略]  February 

febrifuge /ˈfebrifju:dʒ/ n.  a medicine or treatment that reduces fever; a cooling drink 退热药；退热疗法；冷饮 □ febrifugal  /fiˈbrifjʊɡ(ə)l, febriˈfju:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [French fébrifuge, from Latin febris ‘fever’ + -FUGE]

febrile /ˈfi:brail/ adj.  of or relating to fever; feverish 热性的；由发热引起的；发热的，发烧的 □ febrility  /fiˈbriliti/ n.   [French fébrile or medieval Latin febrilis from Latin febris ‘fever’]

February /ˈfebrʊəri, ˈfebjʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the second month of the year 二月 [Middle English from Old French feverier, ultimately via Latin februarius from februa, the name of a purification feast held in this month]

feces US var.  of FAECES [美] FAECES 的变体

feckless /ˈfeklis/ adj.  1  feeble, ineffective 无力气的；无效的 2  unthinking, irresponsible 欠考虑的；不负责任的  feckless gaiety  不负责任的玩乐 □ fecklessly  adv.  □ fecklessness  n.   [Scots feck from effeck, variant of EFFECT]

feculent /ˈfekjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  murky; filthy 浑浊的；污秽的 2  containing sediments or dregs 含沉淀物的，有渣滓的 □ feculence  n.   [French féculent or Latin faeculentus (as FAECES)]

fecund /ˈfek(ə)nd, ˈfi:k-/ adj.  1  prolific, fertile 多产的，丰饶的，肥沃的 2  fertilizing 生殖力旺盛的 □ fecundability  /fiˌkʌndəˈbiliti/ n.  □ fecundity  /fiˈkʌnditi/ n.   [Middle English from French fécond or Latin fecundus]

fecundate /ˈfek(ə)ndeit, ˈfi:k-/ v. tr.  1  make fruitful 使多产，使丰饶，使肥沃 2  = FERTILIZE 2  □ fecundation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin fecundare from fecundus ‘fruitful’]

fed1 past and past part.  of FEED 

fed2 /fed/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a federal agent or official, esp. a member of the FBI 联邦政府官员(尤指联邦调查局人员) 2 (作 Fed) (prec. by 前接 the)  = FEDERAL RESERVE  [abbreviation of FEDERAL]

fedayeen /fedəˈji:n/ n. pl.  Arab guerrillas operating esp. against Israel (尤指反以色列的)阿拉伯游击队员 [colloq. Arabic fidɑˉ'iyīn (pl.) from Arabic fidɑˉ'ī ‘adventurer’]

federal /ˈfed(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs 联邦制的 2  relating to or affecting such a federation 与联邦有关的；倾向于联邦的 3  of or relating to the central government as distinguished from the separate units constituting a federation 联邦政府的；与联邦政府有关的  federal laws  联邦政府的法律 4 (also 亦作 Federal)  favouring centralized government 支持(联邦)中央政府的 5  comprising an association of largely independent units 联盟的，联合的 6 (作 Federal) US  of the Northern States in the Civil War [美] (南北战争时期)北部各州的，北部联邦的 □ federalism  n.  □ federalist  n.  □ federalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ federalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ federally  adv.   [Latin foedus -eris ‘league, covenant’]

Federal Reserve n. (in the US) a national system of reserve cash available to banks (美国)联邦储备系统

federate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈfedəreit/  organize or be organized on a federal basis 在联邦的基础上组织；(使)结成同盟；(使)结成联邦 ●adj. /ˈfed(ə)rət/  having a federal organization 有联邦(或同盟)组织的；联邦的；同盟的 □ federative  /ˈfed(ə)rətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin foederare foederat- (as FEDERAL)]

Federated States of Micronesia   密克罗尼西亚联邦

federation /fedəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a federal group of states 联邦 2  a federated society or group 联盟团体，同盟组织，联合会 3  the act or an instance of federating 结成同盟(或联邦) □ federationist  n.   [French fédération from Late Latin foederatio (as FEDERAL)]

fedora /fiˈdɔ:rə/ n.  a low soft felt hat with a crown creased lengthways 浅顶软呢帽 [Fédora, the title of a drama by V. Sardou (1882)]

fed up adj. (also 亦作 fed to death) (often foll. by 常后跟 with; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  discontented or bored, esp. from a surfeit of something (尤指因过度经受某事而)不满的，厌烦的，厌倦的  am fed up with the rain  我对这场雨厌烦了 fed-up commuters (对两地奔波) 感到厌倦的人们

fee /fi:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a payment made to a professional person or to a professional or public body in exchange for advice or services 咨询费；服务费；酬金 2  money paid as part of a special transaction, for a privilege, admission to a society, etc. (加入团体等的)会费，注册费  enrolment fee  登记费；入会费 3 (in pl. 用复数)  money regularly paid (esp. to a school) for continuing services (定期支付的)服务费；(尤指付给学校的)学费 4 Law  an inherited estate, unlimited (fee simple 无限制继承不动产) or limited (fee tail 有条件继承不动产) as to the category of heir 【法律】继承的不动产(根据继承人的类别分为继承人身份不受限定的不动产和继承人身份受限定的不动产) 5 hist.  a fief; a feudal benefice [史义]采邑，封地 ●v. tr. (fee'd or feed)  1  pay a fee to 交费，付费给 2  engage for a fee 从事…以获得收入 [Middle English via Anglo-French, = Old French feu, fieu, etc. from medieval Latin feodum, feudum, perhaps from Frankish: cf. FEUD2, FIEF]

feeble /ˈfi:b(ə)l/ adj. (feebler, feeblest)  1  weak, infirm 虚弱的，衰弱的 2  lacking energy, force, or effectiveness 无力的；无效的 3  dim, indistinct 微弱的，暗淡的；不清楚的 4  deficient in character or intelligence (性格)软弱的；(智力)低下的 □ feebleness  n.  □ feeblish  adj.  较弱的；较衰微的□ feebly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French feble, fieble, fleible from Latin flebilis ‘lamentable’, from flēre ‘weep’]

feeble-minded adj.  1  unintelligent 愚笨的 2  mentally deficient 弱智的 □ feeble-mindedly  adv.  □ feeble-mindedness  n.  

feed /fi:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. fed /fed/)  1 tr.  a  supply with food 为…提供食物；喂养，饲养b  put food into the mouth of 把食物喂入…的口中 2 tr.  a  give as food, esp. to animals 作为食物给(尤指给动物)b  graze (cattle) 放牧(牛) 3 tr.  serve as food for 作为食物供…吃 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) (esp. of animals, or colloq. of people)  take food; eat (尤指动物或[口]人)吃，用餐 5 tr.  nourish; make grow 滋养；助长，使增长 6  a tr.  maintain supply of raw material, fuel, etc., to (a fire, machine, etc.) 为(炉子、机器等保持)供应原料(或燃料等)b tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  supply (material) to a machine etc. 给(机器等)进料，送料c intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into) (of a river etc.) flow into another body of water (河流等)注入另一水体d tr.  insert further coins into (a meter) to continue its function, validity, etc. 继续把硬币投入(计量器)以使其不中断工作 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  a  be nourished by 受到…滋养b  derive benefit from 从…中得到好处 8 tr.  use (land) as pasture 把(土地)用作牧场 9 tr. Theatr. slang  supply (an actor etc.) with cues 【戏】[俚语]给(演员等)提示(或暗示)；给(演员)提台词 10 tr. Sport  send passes to (a player) in a ball game 【运动】(球赛中)传球给(队友) 11 tr.  gratify (vanity etc.) 满足(虚荣心等) 12 tr.  provide (advice, information, etc.) to 给…提供(建议、信息等) ●n.  1  an amount of food, esp. for animals or Brit. infants (尤指给动物或[英]婴儿的)食物 2  the act or an instance of feeding; the giving of food 喂食；进食；供食 3 colloq.  a meal [口]一餐，一顿 4  pasturage; green crops 牧草；青饲料作物 5  a  a supply of raw material to a machine etc. (供给机器等的)原料b  the provision of this or a device for it 进料，送料；进料器 6  the charge of a gun (枪炮的)弹药装填 7 Theatr. slang  an actor who supplies another with cues 【戏】[俚语]提台词的演员 □ feed back   produce feedback (提供)反馈□ feed up   1  fatten 养肥，养胖 2  satiate (cf. 参见 FED UP) 使过饱生厌，使厌腻 [Old English fēdan, from Germanic]

feedback /ˈfi:dbæk/ n.  1  information about the result of an experiment etc.; response 反馈的信息；反应 2 Electronics 【电子学】  a  the return of a fraction of the output signal from one stage of a circuit, amplifier, etc., to the input of the same or a preceding stage 反馈，回授b  a signal so returned 反馈信号 3 Biol.  etc. the modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects, esp. in a biochemical pathway or behavioural response 【生】反馈修正(或抑制)

feeder /ˈfi:də/ n.  1  a person or thing that feeds 饲养员；给食的人；给食器 2  a person who eats in a specified manner (以某种方式)进食的人 3 Brit.  a child's feeding bottle [英]奶瓶 4 Brit.  a bib for an infant [英]围嘴，围涎 5  a tributary stream (河流的)支流 6  a branch road, railway line, etc., linking outlying districts with a main communication system (把周围地区与干线连接起来的)支路，铁路支线 7 Electr.  a main carrying electricity to a distribution point 【电】馈(电)线 8  a hopper or feeding apparatus in a machine 机器的进料装置，进料器

feeding bottle n. Brit.  a bottle with a teat for feeding infants [英]奶瓶

feedstock /ˈfi:dstɒk/ n.  raw material to supply a machine or industrial process (送入机器或加工厂的)原料

feedstuff /ˈfi:dstʌf/ n.  fodder 饲料

feel /fi:l/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. felt /felt/)  1 tr.  a  examine or search by touch 触，摸；试探；摸索，探索b (absol. [含宾])  have the sensation of touch 感知，有感觉  was unable to feel  不能感觉 2 tr.  perceive or ascertain by touch; have a sensation of (通过触摸)发觉(或确定)；感觉到  could feel the warmth  能感觉到温暖 felt that it was cold  感到天冷 3 tr.  a  undergo, experience 体验到，体会到，感受到  shall feel my anger  会体验到我的愤怒b  exhibit or be conscious of (an emotion, sensation, conviction, etc.) 显示出(或意识到) (感情、感觉、信服等) 4  a intr.  have a specified feeling or reaction 有(某种)情感(或反应)  felt strongly about it  对此感受颇深b tr.  be emotionally affected by (感情上)受到…的影响  felt the rebuke deeply  受到了那一叱责的极大影响 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  have a vague or unreasoned impression 觉得，有…印象  I feel that I am right  我觉得我是正确的 6 tr.  consider, think 认为，以为  I feel it useful to go  我认为去是有用的 7 intr.  seem; give an impression of being; be perceived as 好像；使人觉得  the air feels chilly  空气似乎很冷 8 intr.  be consciously; consider oneself 意识到；认为自己(处于某种状态)  I feel happy  我感到幸福 do not feel well  感觉不舒服 9 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  have sympathy with 有同感；体谅b (foll. by 后跟 for)  have pity or compassion for 同情，怜悯 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) slang  fondle clumsily for sexual gratification [俚语]抚弄(以满足性快感) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of feeling; testing by touch 触，摸；试探 2  the sensation characterizing a material, situation, etc. (物质、环境等给人的)感觉，感受 3  the sense of touch 触觉 □ feel free  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  not be reluctant or hesitant 可以随便  do feel free to criticize  尽管随便批评好了□ feel like   have a wish for; be inclined towards 想要□ feel one's oats   see 见 OAT □ feel oneself   be fit or confident etc. 感到健康状况正常；自信，沉着□ feel out   investigate cautiously 谨慎地调查；探明，摸清□ feel strange   see 见 STRANGE □ feel up to   be ready to face or deal with 准备好面对，准备好对付□ feel one's way   proceed carefully; act cautiously 小心地前行；谨慎地行事□ get the feel of   become accustomed to using 开始习惯于使用，开始熟悉□ make one's influence (or presence etc.) felt   assert one's influence; make others aware of one's presence etc. 显示自己的影响；使别人注意到自己 [Old English fēlan, from West Germanic]

feeler /ˈfi:lə/ n.  1  an organ in certain animals for testing things by touch or for searching for food 触须，触角 2  a tentative proposal or suggestion, esp. to elicit a response (尤指意在诱出反应的)试探性提议(或建议)  put out feelers  作试探 3  a person or thing that feels 试探者；试探器；探针

feeler gauge n.  a gauge equipped with blades for measuring narrow gaps etc. 测隙规，厚薄规

feel-good attrib. adj.  that creates a feeling of well-being in people 使人感觉良好的  a feel-good film  一部感觉不错的电影

feeling /ˈfi:liŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the capacity to feel; a sense of touch 知觉；触觉  lost all feeling in his arm  他的胳膊完全失去了知觉b  a physical sensation (生理)感觉 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a particular emotional reaction (情感)反应；心情  a feeling of despair  绝望的心情b (in pl. 用复数)  emotional susceptibilities or sympathies 感情；敏感之处；同情，怜悯  hurt my feelings  伤害了我的感情 had strong feelings about it  对此深表同情 3  a particular sensitivity 感受力；鉴赏力  had a feeling for literature  对文学有鉴赏力 4  a  an opinion or notion, esp. a vague or irrational one (尤指模糊的或并非基于理性的)看法，观念；预感  my feelings on the subject  我对这一问题的看法 had a feeling she would be there  预感到她会在那儿b  vague awareness (模糊的)感觉，意识  had a feeling of safety  有一种安全的感觉c  sentiment 情绪；态度  the general feeling was against it  总的意向是反对此事 5  readiness to feel sympathy or compassion 同情心，怜悯心 6  a  the general emotional response produced by a work of art, piece of music, etc. (艺术作品、音乐等激起的)动情效应，感染力b  emotional commitment or sensibility in artistic execution 激情  played with feeling  满怀激情地表演 ●adj.  1  sensitive, sympathetic 敏感的；有同情心的 2  showing emotion or sensitivity 富于感情的；易动情感的 □ feelingless  adj.  □ feelingly  adv.  

feet pl.  of FOOT  

feign /fein/ v.  1 tr.  simulate; pretend to be affected by 假装，冒充，佯作  feign madness  装疯 2 tr. archaic  invent (an excuse etc.) [古义]编造(借口等) 3 intr.  indulge in pretence 沉溺于作假，伪装 [Middle English from feign-, stem of Old French feindre, from Latin fingere ‘mould, contrive’]

feijoa /feiˈ(d)ʒəʊə; fe-, fi:-, -ˈjəʊə/ n.  1  any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Feijoa, bearing edible guava-like fruit 费约果属植物(果实如番石榴，可食) 2  this fruit 费约果 [modern Latin, named after J. da Silva Feijo, Brazilian naturalist d. 1824]

feint1 /feint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sham attack or blow etc. to divert attention or fool an opponent or enemy (欺骗对手、敌人或分散其注意力的)佯攻，虚击 2  pretence 伪装，假象 ●v. intr.  make a feint 佯攻，虚击 [French feinte, fem. past part. of feindre FEIGN]

feint2 /feint/ adj. esp. Printing  designating the faint lines ruled on paper as a guide for handwriting (尤)【印刷】(纸等)印有隐格线的 [Middle English from Old French (as FEINT1): see FAINT]

feisty /ˈfaisti/ adj. (feistier, feistiest) N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  aggressive, spirited, exuberant 有进取心的；精神饱满的，精力充沛的 2  touchy 好争吵的，脾气坏的 □ feistily  adv.  □ feistiness  n.   [feist ‘small dog’]

felafel /feˈlɑ:f(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 falafel)  a spicy Middle Eastern dish of fried rissoles made from mashed chickpeas or beans 炸豆丸子，炸豆泥(中东地区的一道菜，用豌豆泥加洋葱做成) [Arabic falɑˉfil]

feldspar /ˈfeldspɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 felspar /ˈfelspɑ:/) Mineral.  any of a group of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, or calcium, which are the most abundant rock-forming minerals in the earth's crust, often occurring as large pale crystals 【矿】长石 □ feldspathic  /-ˈspæθik/ adj.  长石质的，含长石的□ feldspathoid  /ˈfeldspəθɔid/ n.  似长石 [German Feldspat, -spath, from Feld FIELD + Spat, Spath SPAR3: felspar by false association with German Fels ‘rock’]

felicitate /fiˈlisiteit/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  congratulate 祝贺，道贺 □ felicitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)   [Late Latin felicitare ‘make happy’ from Latin felix -icis ‘happy’]

felicitous /fiˈlisitəs/ adj. (of an expression, quotation, civilities, or a person making them) strikingly apt; pleasantly ingenious (措辞)恰当的，贴切的；(礼仪)得体的；(人)善于措辞的，谈吐得体的 □ felicitously  adv.  □ felicitousness  n.  

Felicity /fəˈlisəti/   费利西蒂 [人名]

felicity /fiˈlisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  intense happiness; being happy 幸福，快乐 2  a cause of happiness 带来幸福的事 3  a  a capacity for apt expression; appropriateness 善于措辞；恰当，得体b  an appropriate or well-chosen phrase 恰当的语句，得体的措辞 4  a fortunate trait 幸运的特征(或标志) [Middle English via Old French felicité from Latin felicitas -tatis, from felix -icis ‘happy’]

feline /ˈfi:lain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the cat family 猫科的 2  catlike, esp. in beauty or slyness (尤指在漂亮或灵巧方面)似猫的 ●n.  an animal of the cat family Felidae 猫科动物 □ felinity  /fiˈliniti/ n.   [Latin felinus from feles ‘cat’]

Felix /ˈfi:liks/   费利克斯 [人名]

fell1 past  of FALL  v. 

fell2 /fel/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  cut down (esp. a tree) 砍倒(尤指树木)，砍伐 2  strike or knock down (a person or animal) 击倒(人或动物)，打倒 3  stitch down (the edge of a seam) to lie flat 把(破缝边缘)缝平 ●n.  an amount of timber cut 砍伐的木材量 □ feller  n.   [Old English fellan from Germanic, related to FALL]

fell3 /fel/ n. N. Engl. [英格兰北部]  1  a hill 小山，山冈 2  a stretch of hills or moorland 连绵的山冈；高沼地 [Middle English from Old Norse fjall, fell ‘hill’]

fell4 /fel/ adj. poet. or literary [诗] [文学用语]  1  fierce, ruthless 凶猛的，无情的 2  terrible, destructive 可怕的；毁灭性的 □ at (or in) one fell swoop   in a single (originally deadly) action, in one go 一下子，一举 [Middle English via Old French fel from Romanic FELON1]

fell5 /fel/ n.  an animal's hide or skin with its hair (带毛的)兽皮 [Old English fel, fell, from Germanic]

fellah /ˈfelə/ n. (pl. fellahin /-əˈhi:n/)  an Egyptian peasant 埃及农民 [Arabic fallɑˉḥ ‘husbandman’ from falaḥa ‘till the soil’]

fellatio /feˈleiʃiəʊ, -ˈlɑ:t-/ n.  oral stimulation of the penis 吮吸阴茎，口交 □ fellate  /fiˈleit/ v. tr.  □ fellator  /fiˈleitə/ n.   [modern Latin, from Latin fellare ‘suck’]

feller /ˈfelə/ n.  = FELLOW 1, 2 (see also 另见 FELL2)  [representing an affected or slang pronunciation]

felloe /ˈfeləʊ/ n. (also 亦作 felly /ˈfeli/) (pl. -oes or -ies)  the outer circle (or a section of it) of a wheel, to which the spokes are fixed 轮缘，轮辋 [Old English felg, of unknown origin]

fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ n.  1 colloq.  a man or boy [口]男人；男孩；小伙子  poor fellow!  可怜的人 my dear fellow  亲爱的朋友 2 derog.  a person regarded with contempt [贬]遭鄙视的人 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a person associated with another; a comrade 同伴；同志  were separated from their fellows  他们和同伴们被分开了 4  a counterpart or match; the other of a pair 配对物；一对中之一 5  an equal; one of the same class 同等者，匹敌者，对手；同类的人 6  a contemporary 同时代的人 7  a Brit.  an incorporated senior member of a college [英] (学院的)研究员b  an elected graduate receiving a stipend for a period of research (接受奖学金的)研究生c  a member of the governing body in some universities (某些大学的)董事 8  a member of a learned society 学术团体的成员 9 (作 attrib.)  belonging to the same class or activity 同阶层的；同事的  fellow soldier  一同服役的士兵 fellow countryman  同胞 [originally one who laid out money in a partnership: Old English fēolaga from Old Norse félagi, from fé ‘cattle, property, money’ + the Germanic base of LAY1]

fellow feeling n.  sympathy from common experience (因经历相同而产生的)同情

fellowship /ˈfelə(ʊ)ʃip/ n.  1  companionship, friendliness 同伴关系，交情，友谊 2  participation, sharing; community of interest 参与；分享；利益团体 3  a body of associates; a company (由合伙人、同事或朋友构成的)组织；联谊会 4  a brotherhood or fraternity 兄弟会，互助会 5  a guild or corporation (互助性质的)行会，协会 6  the status or emoluments of a fellow of a college or society (学院中)研究员的职位(或薪金)；学会会员的职位(或薪金)

fellow-traveller n.  1  a person who travels with another 旅伴，同路人 2  a sympathizer with, or a secret member of, the Communist Party (共产党的)同情者；(共产党的)秘密党员

fell walking n.  the activity of walking on the fells 丘原旅行 □ fell walker  n.  

felly var.  of FELLOE  FELLOE 的变体

felon1 /ˈfelən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who has committed a felony 重罪犯 ●adj. archaic  cruel, wicked [古义]残忍的，残暴的，邪恶的 □ felonry  n.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin felo -onis, of unknown origin]

felon2 /ˈfelən/ n.  an inflammatory sore on the finger near the nail 瘭疽，甲沟炎，指头脓炎 [Middle English, perhaps as FELON1: cf. medieval Latin felo, fello in the same sense]

felonious /feˈləʊniəs, fi-/ adj.  1  criminal 犯罪的，犯法的 2 Law 【法律】  a  of or involving felony 重罪的，重罪性质的b  who has committed felony 犯重罪的 □ feloniously  adv.  

felony /ˈfeləni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a usu. violent crime, (in the UK formerly) regarded as graver than a misdemeanour (英国旧时认为比轻罪重的)暴力犯罪；重罪 [Middle English from Old French felonie (as FELON1)]

felspar var.  of FELDSPAR  FELDSPAR 的变体

felt1 /felt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a kind of cloth made by rolling and pressing wool etc., or by weaving and shrinking it 毛毡 2  a similar material made from other fibres 毡状材料 ●v.  1 tr.  make into felt; mat together 把…制成毛毡(或毡状物)；使…毡合 2 tr.  cover with felt 用毛毡覆盖 3 intr.  become matted 毡合，成毡 □ felty  adj.   [Old English from West Germanic]

felt2 past and past part.  of FEEL 

felt-tip pen n. (also 亦作 felt-tipped pen, felt tip)  a pen with a writing point made of felt or fibre 毡头笔

felucca /feˈlʌkə/ n.  a small Mediterranean coasting vessel with oars or lateen sails or both (地中海沿岸有桨或三角帆或两者皆有的)小船 [Italian felucca via obsolete Spanish faluca from Arabic fulk, perhaps from Greek epholkion ‘sloop’]

felwort /ˈfelwɜ:t/ n.  a purple-flowered gentian, Gentianella amarella (开紫花的)龙胆属植物 [Old English feldwyrt (as FIELD, WORT)]

female /ˈfi:meil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs 女(性)的；雌的 2 (of plants or their parts) fruit-bearing; having a pistil and no stamens (植物或其部分)结果实的；只具雌蕊的；雌性的 3  of or consisting of women or female animals or female plants 妇女(组成)的；雌性动物或植物(构成)的 4 (of a screw, socket, etc.) manufactured hollow to receive a corresponding inserted part (螺丝、插座等)有内孔的，凹的 ●n.  a female person, animal, or plant 女子；雌性动物；雌性植物 □ femaleness  n.   [Middle English via Old French femelle from Latin femella, diminutive of femina ‘a woman’, assimilated to male]

female condom  see 见 CONDOM 

female impersonator n.  a male performer impersonating a woman 扮演女子的男演员

feme /fi:m, fem/ n. Law  a woman or wife 【法律】妇女；妻子 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French from Latin femina ‘woman’]

feme covert n. Law  a married woman 【法律】已婚妇女，有夫之妇 [literally a woman covered (protected) by marriage]

feme sole n. Law  a woman without a husband (esp. if divorced) 【法律】(尤指离婚后的)单身女子

feminal /ˈfemin(ə)l/ adj. archaic  womanly [古义]女子气的 □ feminality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.   [medieval Latin feminalis from Latin femina ‘woman’]

femineity /femiˈni:iti/ n. archaic  womanliness; womanishness [古义]女子气；阴柔，娇柔 [Latin femineus ‘womanish’ from femina ‘woman’]

feminine /ˈfeminin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of women 妇女的；女性特有的 2  having qualities associated with women 具有女性气质的 3  womanly, effeminate 女子气的，女性化的 4 Gram.  of or denoting the gender proper to words or grammatical forms classified as female 【语法】阴性的 ●n. Gram.  a feminine gender or word 【语法】阴性；阴性词 □ femininely  adv.  □ feminineness  n.  □ femininity  /-ˈniniti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French feminin -ine or Latin femininus, from femina ‘woman’]

feminine rhyme n. Prosody  a rhyme between stressed syllables followed by one or more unstressed syllables (e.g. stocking/ shocking, glamorous/ amorous) (cf. 参见 MASCULINE RHYME) 【诗体】弱韵(押韵的双音节字的第 2 音节为非重音，如 stocking/ shocking ；或 3 音节字的第 2 、 3 音节为非重音，如 glamorous/ amorous)

feminism /ˈfeminiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the advocacy of women's rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes 男女平等主义；争取女权运动 2 Med.  the development of female characteristics in a male person 【医】(男子生理特征上的)女性化 □ feminist  n. & adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Latin femina ‘woman’ (in sense 1 via French féminisme)]

feminity /fiˈminiti/ n.  = FEMININITY(see 见 FEMININE)  [Middle English via Old French feminité and medieval Latin feminitas -tatis from Latin femina ‘woman’]

feminize /ˈfeminaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become feminine or female 使女性化；女性化 □ feminization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

femme fatale /fæm fəˈtɑ:l/ n. (pl. femmes fatales pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a seductively attractive woman 妖媚迷人的女子，引诱男人堕落的妖冶女人 [French]

femto- /ˈfemtəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 10-15 (femtometre 毫微微米) [构词成分]表示“毫微微”，“千万亿分之一 (= 10-15) ” [Danish or Norwegian femten ‘fifteen’]

femur /ˈfi:mə/ n. (pl. femurs or femora /ˈfem(ə)rə/)  1 Anat.  the thigh bone, the thick bone between the hip and the knee 【解】股骨 2 Zool.  the third segment of the leg of an insect, usu. the longest and thickest 【动】(昆虫)腿的第三节(通常最长、最粗) □ femoral  /ˈfem(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin femur femoris ‘thigh’]

fen1 /fen/ n.  1  a low marshy or flooded area of land 沼泽，沼地 2 (作 the Fens)  flat low-lying areas in and around Cambridgeshire (英国剑桥郡及其周围的)平原凹地 □ fenny  adj.   [Old English fenn, from Germanic]

fen2 /fʌn/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a Chinese coin and monetary unit worth one-hundredth of a yuan 分(中国硬币及货币单位， 100 分 =1 元) [Chinese fēn ‘a hundredth part’]

fen-berry n. (pl. -berries)  = CRANBERRY 

fence /fens/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a barrier or railing or other upright structure enclosing an area of ground, esp. to prevent or control access 栅栏，篱笆，围栏 2  a large upright obstacle in steeplechasing or showjumping (越障赛马中的)跨栏，栅栏 3 slang  a receiver of stolen goods [俚语]收受贼赃者 4  a guard or guide in machinery (机械的)防护装置 ●v.  1 tr.  surround with or as with a fence (用栅栏、篱笆、围栏)围起；(似用栅栏等)围起 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 in, off)  enclose or separate with or as with a fence (用栅栏或似用栅栏)围起，隔开b (foll. by 后跟 up)  seal with or as with a fence (似)用栅栏封住 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from, against)  screen, shield, protect 防御；防护；保卫 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  exclude with or as with a fence; keep out (似)用栅栏拦开；排除 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) slang  deal in (stolen goods) [俚语]买卖(赃物) 6 intr.  practise the sport of fencing; use a sword 从事击剑运动；击剑 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  evade answering (a person or question) 搪塞(某人)；回避回答(问题) 8 intr. (of a horse etc.) leap fences (马等)跳越栅栏 □ sit on the fence   remain neutral or undecided in a dispute etc. (在争论中)保持中立，采取骑墙态度□ fenceless  adj.  □ fencer  n.   [Middle English from DEFENCE]

fence post n.  a post that supports a fence 篱笆桩，栅栏桩

fencible /ˈfensib(ə)l/ n. hist.  a soldier liable only for home service [史义]国防军士兵 [Middle English from DEFENSIBLE]

fencing /ˈfensiŋ/ n.  1  a set or extent of fences (一段)栅栏，篱笆，围栏 2  material for making fences 筑栅栏(或篱笆)的材料 3  the art or sport of swordplay 击剑术；击剑运动

fend /fend/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  look after (esp. oneself) 照料(尤指自己)；自谋生计 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  keep away; ward off (an attack etc.) 抵挡；击退(进攻等) [Middle English from DEFEND]

fender /ˈfendə/ n.  1  a low frame bordering a fireplace to keep in falling coals etc. 壁炉的围栏 2 Naut.  a piece of old cable, matting, etc., hung over a vessel's side to protect it against impact 【海】(挂于船舷、防碰损用的)护舷绳，护舷垫 3  a thing used to keep something off, prevent a collision, etc. 防护板，防御物，防撞物 4 N. Amer. [北美]  a  the mudguard or area around the wheel well of a bicycle or motor vehicle (自行车或机动车的)挡泥板b disp.  the bumper of a motor vehicle [异议] (机动车辆的)缓冲装置，保险杠

fender bender n. N. Amer. slang  a (usu. minor) collision between vehicles [北美] [俚语] (通常指不太严重的)汽车碰撞

fenestella /feniˈstelə/ n. Archit.  a niche in a wall south of an altar, holding the piscina and often the credence 【建】窗状壁龛(教堂圣坛南墙上的壁龛，内放圣餐和排水石盆) [Latin, diminutive of fenestra ‘window’]

fenestra /fiˈnestrə/ n. (pl. fenestrae /-tri:/)  1 Anat.  a small hole or opening in a bone etc., esp. one of two (fenestra ovalis, fenestra rotunda) in the inner ear 【解】窗(尤指中耳内壁的两个窗状小孔，即卵圆窗和正圆窗之一) 2  a perforation in a surgical instrument (外科器械上的)窗状小孔 3  a hole made by surgical fenestration (耳科开窗手术所开的)小孔 [Latin, = window]

fenestrate /fiˈnestrət, ˈfenəstrət/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  having small window-like perforations or transparent areas 【植】【动】有窗状小孔的；有透明点的 [Latin fenestratus, past part. of fenestrare, from fenestra ‘window’]

fenestrated /fiˈnestreitid, ˈfenəstreitid/ adj.  1 Archit.  having windows 【建】有窗的 2  perforated 穿孔的 3  = FENESTRATE  4 Surgery  having fenestrae 【外科】有窗状小孔的；有孔的

fenestration /feniˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Archit.  the arrangement of windows in a building 【建】窗配列，窗布局 2 Bot. & Zool.  being fenestrate 【植】【动】窗状小孔；透明孔 3 Surgery  an operation in which a new opening is formed, esp. in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, as a form of treatment in some cases of deafness 【外科】(尤指耳科手术中的)开窗手术

fen-fire n.  a will-o'-the-wisp 鬼火，磷火

feng shui /ˈfeŋ ʃu:i, ˈfʌŋ/ n. (in Chinese thought) a system of good and evil influences in the natural surroundings, considered when siting and designing buildings etc. 风水，堪舆(中国人的一种思想，认为宅基地或坟地周围的地理形势，如地脉、山水的方向等能影响住者或葬者一家的祸福) [Chinese, from feng ‘wind’ + shui ‘water’]

Fenian /ˈfi:niən/ n. & adj. ●n. hist.  a member of a 19th-c. league among the Irish in the US & Ireland for promoting revolution and overthrowing British government in Ireland [史义]芬尼亚组织 (19 世纪在美国和爱尔兰的一些爱尔兰人为推动革命、推翻英国在爱尔兰的统治而成立的组织)成员 ●adj.  of or relating to the Fenians 芬尼亚组织成员的；与芬尼亚组织成员有关的 □ Fenianism  n.  (芬尼亚组织信奉的)芬尼亚共和主义 [Old Irish féne, the name of an ancient Irish people, confused with fíann, the guard of legendary kings]

fenland /ˈfenlənd/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  an area of fens 沼泽地 [FEN1]

fennec /ˈfenek/ n.  a small fox, Vulpes zerda, native to N. Africa and Arabia, having large pointed ears 产于北非和阿拉伯的一种耳朵大而尖的小狐 [Arabic fanak]

fennel /ˈfen(ə)l/ n.  1  a yellow-flowered umbelliferous plant, Foeniculum vulgare, with fragrant seeds and fine leaves used as flavourings 茴香 2  the seeds of this 茴香籽 3 (in full 全称 Florence or sweet fennel)  a variety of this with swollen leaf-bases eaten as a vegetable 甘茴香 [Old English finugl etc. and Old French fenoil from Latin feniculum, from fenum ‘hay’]

fenugreek /ˈfenjʊɡri:k/ n.  1  a leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, with aromatic seeds 葫芦巴(结香籽的豆科植物) 2  these seeds used as flavouring, esp. ground and used in curry powder (尤指研碎后用在咖喱粉中调味的)葫芦巴籽 [Old English fenogrecum, superseded in Middle English from Old French fenugrec from Latin faenugraecum (fenum graecum ‘Greek hay’), used by the Romans as fodder]

feoffment /ˈfi:fm(ə)nt, ˈfef-/ n. hist.  a mode of conveying a freehold estate by a formal transfer of possession [史义]正式赠与(或交付)可终身保有的不动产 □ feoffee  /feˈfi:/ n.  不动产继承人□ feoffor  n.  不动产授予人 [Middle English from Anglo-French feoffement, related to FEE]

feral /ˈfiər(ə)l, ˈfer-/ adj.  1 (esp. of an animal or animal population) in a wild state after escape from captivity or domestication (尤指动物逃脱囚禁或驯养后)变野的，恢复野性的 2  resembling a wild animal; savage, brutal 野兽般的，野蛮的，凶残的 3  untamed, uncultivated 未驯化的，野的；没教养的；粗野的 [Latin ferus ‘wild’]

fer de lance /fɛə də ˈlɑ:ns/ n. (pl. fers de lance pronunc. same 单复发音同 or fer de lances)  a large highly venomous snake, Bothrops atrox, native to Central and S. America 矛头蛇(产于中、南美洲的一种剧毒大蛇) [French, = iron (head) of a lance]

Ferdinand /ˈfɜ:dinənd/   费迪南德 [人名]

feretory /ˈferət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a shrine for a saint's relics 放圣骨的神龛 2  a chapel containing such a shrine 有安放圣骨神龛的小教堂 [Middle English via Old French fiertre and Latin feretrum from Greek pheretron from pherō ‘bear’]

Fergus /ˈfɜ:gəs/   弗格斯 [人名]

ferial /ˈfiəriəl, ˈfer-/ adj. Eccl. 【教会】  1 (of a day) ordinary; not appointed for a festival or fast 平日的，非节日(或斋戒日)的 2 (of a service etc.) for use on a ferial day (仪式等)供平日使用的 [Middle English via Old French ferial or medieval Latin ferialis from Latin feriae: see FAIR2]

fermata /fɜ:ˈmɑ:tə/ n. (pl. fermatas) Mus. 【音】  1  an unspecified prolongation of a note or rest 延音 2  a sign indicating this 延长记号 [Italian from fermare ‘to stop’]

ferment n. & v. ●n. /ˈfɜ:ment/  1  agitation, excitement, tumult 骚动；激动；动乱，动荡 2  a  fermenting, fermentation 发酵b  a fermenting agent or leaven 发酵素，酶 ●v. /fəˈment/  1 intr. & tr.  undergo or subject to fermentation (使)发酵 2 intr. & tr.  effervesce or cause to effervesce (使)起气泡；(使)泡腾 3 tr.  excite; stir up; foment 激起；煽动；使骚动 □ fermentable  /-ˈmentəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ fermenter  /-ˈmentə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French ferment or Latin fermentum from Latin fervēre ‘boil’]

fermentation /fɜ:menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the breakdown of a substance by micro-organisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, usu. in the absence of oxygen, esp. of sugar to ethyl alcohol in making beers, wines, and spirits 发酵 2  agitation, excitement 骚动；激动；动乱 □ fermentative  /-ˈmentətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin fermentatio (as FERMENT)]

fermi /ˈfɜ:mi/ n. (pl. fermis)  a unit of length equal to 10-15 metre, formerly used in nuclear physics 费密(核物理曾使用的长度单位，等于 10-15 米) [named after E. Fermi, Italian-American physicist d. 1954]

fermion /ˈfɜ:miɒn/ n. Physics  any of several subatomic particles with half-integral spin, e.g. nucleons (cf. 参见 BOSON) 【物理学】费密子(如核子) [as FERMI + -ON]

fermium /ˈfɜ:miəm/ n. Chem.  a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially (symbol 符 Fm) 【化】(化学元素)镄 [as FERMI + -IUM]

fern /fɜ:n/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ferns)  any flowerless plant of the order Filicopsida, reproducing by spores and usu. having feathery fronds 蕨；蕨类植物 □ fernery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ ferny  adj.   [Old English fearn, from West Germanic]

ferocious /fəˈrəʊʃəs/ adj.  1  fierce, savage; wildly cruel 凶猛的，野蛮的，残忍的 2 esp. US colloq. (as an intensifier) very great, extreme [尤美口] (作强调词)极大的；极度的 □ ferociously  adv.  □ ferociousness  n.   [Latin ferox -ocis]

ferocity /fəˈrɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ferocious nature; the state of being ferocious 凶恶，残暴，凶猛 2  a ferocious act 暴行 [French férocité or Latin ferocitas (as FEROCIOUS)]

-ferous /f(ə)rəs/ comb. form (usu. -iferous)  forming adjectives with the sense ‘bearing’, ‘having’ (auriferous 含金的 ; odoriferous 有香味的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“产生”，“含有” □ -ferously  suffix  □ -ferousness  suffix   [from or suggested by French -fère or Latin -fer ‘producing’ from ferre ‘bear’]

ferrate /ˈfereit/ n. Chem.  a salt in which the anion contains both iron (esp. in the trivalent form) and oxygen 【化】高铁酸盐 [Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferrel var.  of FERRULE  FERRULE 的变体

ferret /ˈferit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small half-tamed domesticated polecat, Mustela putorius furo, used in catching rabbits, rats, etc. (用于捕兔、鼠等的)雪貂，白鼬 2  a person who searches assiduously 搜索者，侦察者 ●v. (ferreted, ferreting)  1 intr.  hunt with ferrets 用雪貂狩猎 2 intr.  rummage; search about 翻找，搜寻 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, away, out, etc.)  a  clear out (holes or an area of ground) with ferrets 用雪貂(把小兽从洞穴或地面藏匿处)赶出来b  take or drive away (rabbits etc.) with ferrets 用雪貂猎取(或赶走) (野兔等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  search out (secrets, criminals, etc.) 搜出，查获(秘密、罪犯等) □ ferreter  n.  □ ferrety  adj.   [Middle English via Old French fu(i)ret, alteration of fu(i)ron, and Late Latin furo -onis from Latin fur ‘thief’]

ferri- /ˈferi/ comb. form Chem.  containing iron, esp. in ferric compounds [构词成分]【化】(尤指正铁化合物中)含(正)铁的，含三价铁的 [Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferriage /ˈferiidʒ/ n.  1  conveyance by ferry 摆渡；摆渡业 2  a charge for using a ferry 摆渡费

ferric /ˈferik/ adj.  1  of iron 铁的 2 Chem.  containing iron in a trivalent form (cf. 参见 FERROUS adj. 2) 【化】含(正)铁的，三价铁的

ferrimagnetism /feriˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n. Physics  a form of ferromagnetism with parallel but opposite alignment of neighbouring atoms or ions 【物理学】铁氧体磁性 □ ferrimagnetic  /-mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  亚铁磁的 [French ferrimagnétisme (as FERRI-, MAGNETISM)]

Ferris wheel /ˈferis/ n.  a fairground ride consisting of a giant revolving vertical wheel with passenger cars suspended on its outer edge 费里斯转轮，摩天轮(一种在垂直的、转动的巨轮外缘上挂有坐位的游乐设施) [named after G. W. G. Ferris, American engineer d. 1896]

ferrite /ˈferait/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a salt in which the anion contains both divalent iron and oxygen, often with magnetic properties (正)铁酸盐 2  an allotrope of pure iron occurring in low-carbon steel 铁素体，纯铁体 □ ferritic  /feˈritik/ adj.   [Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferro- /ˈferəʊ/ comb. form Chem. [构词成分]【化】  1  iron, esp. in ferrous compounds (ferrocyanide 亚铁氰化物) (尤指亚铁化合物中的)亚铁 2 (of alloys) containing iron (ferromanganese 锰铁) (合金中)含铁的 [Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferroconcrete /ferəʊˈkɒŋkri:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  concrete reinforced with steel 钢筋混凝土 ●adj.  made of reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土的

ferroelectric /ˌferəʊiˈlektrik/ adj. & n. Physics 【物理学】  ●adj.  exhibiting permanent electric polarization which varies in strength with the applied electric field 铁电的 ●n.  a ferroelectric substance 铁电体 □ ferroelectricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.   [ELECTRIC on the pattern of ferromagnetic]

ferromagnetism /ferə(ʊ)ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n. Physics  a phenomenon in which a material has a high susceptibility to magnetization, the strength of which varies with the applied magnetizing field, and which may persist after removal of the applied field 【物理学】铁磁性 □ ferromagnetic  /-mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  

ferrous /ˈferəs/ adj.  1  containing iron 含铁的  ferrous and non-ferrous metals  黑色及有色金属 2 Chem.  containing iron in a divalent form (cf. 参见 FERRIC adj. 2) 【化】含亚铁的，含价铁的 [Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferruginous /feˈru:dʒinəs/ adj.  1  of or containing iron rust, or iron as a chemical constituent 铁的，含铁的；铁锈的，含铁锈的 2  rust-coloured; reddish brown 铁锈色的，赤褐色的 [Latin ferrugo -ginis ‘rust’ from ferrum ‘iron’]

ferruginous duck n.  a European diving duck, Aythya nyroca, with mainly red-brown plumage 铁鸭(欧洲的一种潜水觅食的鸭子，羽毛呈赤褐色)

ferrule /ˈferu:l, ˈfer(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 ferrel /ˈfer(ə)l/)  1  a ring or cap strengthening the end of a stick or tube (手杖、管子顶端起加固作用的)金属箍，金属包头 2  a band strengthening or forming a joint 套圈，箍 [earlier verrel etc. via Old French virelle, virol(e), from Latin viriola, diminutive of viriae ‘bracelet’: assimilated to Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

ferry /ˈferi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a boat or aircraft etc. for conveying passengers and goods, esp. across water and as a regular service (尤指定期跨水域运送客货的)渡船，渡运飞机 2  the service itself or the place where it operates 摆渡；飞机渡运；渡口；飞机渡运场 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  convey or go in a boat etc. across water 渡运；摆渡 2 intr. (of a boat etc.) pass to and fro across water (船等)来往行驶 3 tr.  transport from one place to another, esp. as a regular service (尤指定期)运送；(越海)空运 □ ferryman  n. (pl. -men)   [Middle English from Old Norse ferja, from Germanic]

fertile /ˈfɜ:tail/ adj.  1  a (of soil) producing abundant vegetation or crops (土壤)肥沃的，富饶的b  fruitful 多产的，丰产的 2  a (of a seed, egg, etc.) capable of becoming a new individual (籽、卵等)能发芽的；能孵化的；能受精的b (of animals and plants) able to conceive young or produce fruit (动植物)能繁殖的；能生育的；能结果的 3 (of the mind) inventive (头脑)有创造力的，富于思想的 4 (of nuclear material) able to become fissile by the capture of neutrons (核材料)可变成裂变物质的，增殖性的 □ fertility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Middle English via French from Latin fertilis]

Fertile Crescent n.  the fertile region extending in a crescent shape from the E. Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf 肥沃新月，新月(形)沃地(指从地中海东部呈新月形延伸至波斯湾的肥沃地区)

fertilization /ˌfɜ:tilaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1 Biol.  the fusion of male and female gametes during sexual reproduction to form a zygote 【生】受精，受胎 2  a  the act or an instance of fertilizing 受精行为(或现象)b  the process of being fertilized 受精过程，受孕过程

fertilize /ˈfɜ:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (soil etc.) fertile or productive 使(土壤等)肥沃；使多产 2  cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material 使(卵、母兽或植物)受孕；受精；受粉 □ fertilizable  adj.  

fertilizer /ˈfɜ:tilaizə/ n.  a chemical or natural substance added to soil to make it more fertile 肥料；化肥

ferula /ˈferjʊlə/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Ferula, esp. the giant fennel (F. communis), having a tall sticklike stem and thick roots 阿魏属植物，阿魏 2  = FERULE  [Middle English from Latin, = giant fennel, rod]

ferule /ˈferu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a flat ruler with a widened end formerly used for beating children (旧时用于责打孩子的)戒尺 ●v. tr.  beat with a ferule 用戒尺责打 [Middle English (as FERULA)]

fervent /ˈfɜ:v(ə)nt/ adj.  1  ardent, impassioned, intense 热情的；热烈的；热诚的；强烈的  fervent admirer  痴心的仰慕者 fervent hatred  强烈的憎恨 2  hot, glowing 炽热的，灼热的 □ fervency  n.  □ fervently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin fervēre ‘boil’]

fervid /ˈfɜ:vid/ adj.  1  ardent, intense 热情的；热烈的；热诚的；强烈的 2 poet.  hot, glowing [诗]炽热的，灼热的 □ fervidly  adv.   [Latin fervidus (as FERVENT)]

fervour /ˈfɜ:və/ n. (US [美] fervor)  1  vehemence, passion, zeal 热烈；热诚；热情 2  a glowing condition; intense heat 灼热，炽热 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fervor -oris (as FERVENT)]

fescue /ˈfeskju:/ n.  any fine-leaved grass of the genus Festuca, valuable for pasture and fodder 羊茅(一种可用作牧草和饲料的植物) [Middle English festu(e) from Old French festu, ultimately from Latin festuca ‘stalk, straw’]

fess1 /fes/ n. (also 亦作 fesse) Heraldry  a horizontal stripe across the middle of a shield 【纹章学】(横跨盾形徽章中央的)中线，中横带 □ in fess   arranged horizontally 平行排列的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fascia ‘band’]

fess2 /fes/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq.  confess [口]承认，供认，坦白 [contraction of CONFESS]

fess point n. Heraldry  a point at the centre of a shield 【纹章学】(盾形徽章的)中心点

festal /ˈfest(ə)l/ adj.  1  joyous, merry 欢乐的，喜庆的 2  engaging in holiday activities 从事节日活动的 3  of a feast (宗教)节日的，假日的 □ festally  adv.   [Old French from Late Latin festalis (as FEAST)]

fester /ˈfestə/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become septic (使)溃烂，(使)化脓 2 intr.  cause continuing annoyance 激起经久的恼怒(或烦恼) 3 intr.  rot, stagnate 腐败，腐朽；(水等因不流动)变臭 [Middle English from obsolete fester (n.) or Old French festrir, via Old French festre from Latin fistula: see FISTULA]

festival /ˈfestiv(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a day or period of celebration, religious or secular (宗教或非宗教)节日，喜庆日，纪念活动日 2  a concentrated series of concerts, plays, etc., held regularly in a town etc. (定期举行的音乐会、戏剧等的)会演；(文化活动的)节期  Bath Festival  沐浴节 ●attrib. adj.  of or concerning a festival 节日的；喜庆的 [earlier as adj.: Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin festivalis (as FESTIVE)]

festival of lights n.  1  = HANUKKAH  2  = DIWALI 

festive /ˈfestiv/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of a festival 节日的；节日似的 2  cheerful, joyous, celebratory 欢乐的，喜庆的 3 (of a person) fond of feasting; jovial (人)喜欢享受的；快活的 □ festively  adv.  □ festiveness  n.   [Latin festivus from festum (as FEAST)]

festivity /feˈstiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  gaiety, rejoicing 欢庆，欢乐 2  a  a festive celebration 节日庆祝b (in pl. 用复数)  festive proceedings 庆典，庆祝活动 [Middle English from Old French festivité or Latin festivitas (as FESTIVE)]

festoon /feˈstu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a chain of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc., hung in a curve as a decoration (两端挂住中间下垂的装饰用)花彩 2  a carved or moulded ornament representing this 垂花雕饰；花彩装饰物 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  adorn with or form into festoons; decorate elaborately 给…饰花彩；使成花彩形；精心装饰 □ festoonery  n.   [French feston from Italian festone ‘festal ornament’, from festa FEAST]

Festschrift /ˈfes(t)ʃrift/ n. (also 亦作 festschrift) (pl. -schriften or -schrifts)  a collection of writings published in honour of a scholar (为纪念某学者而出版的)纪念文集 [German, from Fest ‘celebration’ + Schrift ‘writing’]

feta /ˈfetə/ n. (also 亦作 fetta)  a white ewe's-milk or goat's-milk cheese made esp. in Greece (尤指希腊制作的)羊奶干酪 [modern Greek pheta]

fetch1 /fetʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  go for and bring back (a person or thing) 接来(某人)；取来(某物)  fetch a doctor  请医生来 2  cause to come 使前来  the thought of food fetched him  一想到吃的他就来了 3  cause (blood, tears, a sigh) to come out 使(血、泪、叹息)流出(或发出)，引出 4  draw (breath) 吸(气) 5 colloq.  give (a blow, slap, etc.) [口]给(一拳、一巴掌等) usu. with recipient stated 通常说明领受者 : fetched him a slap on the face  给了他一记耳光 6  be sold for; realize (a price) 售得，卖得(某价钱)  fetched £ 10  售得 10 英镑 7 colloq.  move to interest or delight [口]使发生兴趣，迷住，吸引  that song always fetches the audience  那首歌总是能吸引听众 ●n.  1  an act of fetching 拿，取 2  a dodge or trick 诡计，计谋 3 Naut. 【海】  a  the distance travelled by wind or waves across open water 风区长度，吹程；浪区长度，浪距b  the distance a vessel must sail to reach open water (船到达无障碍水域前须行驶的)距离 □ fetch and carry   run backwards and forwards with things, be a mere servant 忙于杂务，当听差□ fetch up   1  arrive, come to rest 到达；停止 2 Brit.  vomit [英]呕吐□ fetcher  n.   [Old English fecc(e)an, variant of fetian, probably related to a Germanic root = grasp]

fetch2 /fetʃ/ n. Brit.  a person's wraith or double [英] (迷信传说中人死前出现的)灵魂 [17th c.: origin unknown]

fetching /ˈfetʃiŋ/ adj.  attractive 迷人的，吸引人的 □ fetchingly  adv.  

fetid /ˈfetid, ˈfi:t-/ adj. (also 亦作 foetid)  stinking 恶臭的 □ fetidly  adv.  □ fetidness  n.   [Latin fetidus from fetēre ‘stink’]

fetish /ˈfetiʃ/ n.  1 Psychol.  a thing abnormally stimulating or attracting sexual desire 【心】(刺激或引起变态性欲的)物体，恋物 2  a  an inanimate object worshipped by primitive peoples for its supposed inherent magical powers or as being inhabited by a spirit 物神(原始人认为有内在魔力或有神灵寓于其中而加以膜拜的物品)b  a thing evoking irrational devotion or respect 被盲目信仰(或崇拜)的事物 □ fetishism  n.  □ fetishist  n.  □ fetishistic  /-ˈʃistik/ adj.   [French fétiche from Portuguese feitiço ‘charm’: originally an adj. = made by art, from Latin factitius FACTITIOUS]

fetishize /ˈfetiʃaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make a fetish of; pay undue respect to 迷信，过分崇拜 □ fetishization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fetlock /ˈfetlɒk/ n.  the part of a horse's leg between the cannon-bone and the pastern, forming a projection above and behind the hoof where a tuft of hair often grows 球节(马蹄上生距毛的突起部分) [Middle English, related to German Fessel ‘fetlock’, from the Germanic base of FOOT]

fetor /ˈfi:tə/ n.  a stench 恶臭，臭气 [Latin (as FETID)]

fetta var.  of FETA  FETA 的变体

fetter /ˈfetə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a shackle for holding a prisoner by the ankles 脚镣b  any shackle or bond 桎梏，枷锁 2 (in pl. 用复数)  captivity 囚禁，束缚 3  a restraint or check 束缚，控制 ●v. tr.  1  put into fetters 给…上脚镣 2  restrict, restrain, impede 束缚，抑制，阻碍 [Old English feter, from Germanic]

fetterlock /ˈfetəlɒk/ n.  1  a D-shaped fetter for tethering a horse by the leg (拴马的) D 字形脚镣 2  a heraldic representation of this 以拴马的 D 字形脚镣为图案的纹章

fettle /ˈfet(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  condition or trim 状况，状态  in fine fettle  状态良好 ●v. tr.  trim or clean (the rough edge of a metal casting, pottery before firing, etc.) 修整(或清理) (金属铸件的毛边、烧制前的陶器土坯等) [earlier as verb, from dialect fettle (n.) = girdle, from Old English fetel, from Germanic]

fettler /ˈfetlə/ n.  1 Brit. & Austral.  a railway maintenance worker [英澳]铁路保养工 2  a person who fettles 陶器抛光工；金属铸件修整工

fettuccine /fetʊˈtʃi:ni/ n. (also 亦作 fettucini)  pasta made in ribbons 宽面条 [Italian, pl. of diminutive of fetta ‘slice, ribbon’]

fetus US var.  of FOETUS [美] FOETUS 的变体

feu /fju:/ n. & v. Sc. [苏格兰] ●n.  1  a perpetual lease at a fixed rent (纳定额租金的)永久租赁权 2  a piece of land so held 永久租赁地 ●v. tr. (feus, feued, feuing)  grant (land) on feu 准许永久租借(土地) [Old French: see FEE]

feud1 /fju:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a state of prolonged mutual hostility, esp. between two families, tribes, etc., with murderous assaults in revenge for a previous injury (家族、部落等之间的)长期敌对状态，世仇  a family feud  家族世仇 be at feud with  与…有世仇 2  a prolonged or bitter quarrel or dispute 长期不和；争吵；争执 ●v. intr.  conduct a feud 结世仇；长期争斗 [Middle English fede via Old French feide, fede and Middle Dutch, Middle Low German vēde from Germanic, related to FOE]

feud2 /fju:d/ n.  a piece of land held under the feudal system or in fee; a fief 封地，采邑 [medieval Latin feudum: see FEE]

feudal /ˈfju:d(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, according to, or resembling the feudal system 封建制度的；依照封建制度的；封建制度似的 2  of a feud or fief 封地的，采邑的 3  outdated 过时的  had a feudal attitude  抱有过时的态度 □ feudalism  n.  □ feudalist  n.  □ feudalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ feudalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ feudalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ feudally  adv.   [medieval Latin feudalis, feodalis from feudum, feodum FEE, perhaps from Germanic]

feudality /fju:ˈdæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the feudal system or its principles 封建制度；封建主义 2  a feudal holding, a fief 封建领地，采邑 [French féodalité from féodal (as FEUDAL)]

feudal system n. hist.  the social system in medieval Europe whereby a vassal held land from a superior in exchange for allegiance and service [史义] (中世纪欧洲的)封建制度

feudatory /ˈfju:dət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  feudally subject; under overlordship 封臣的；隶属的，臣属的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a feudal vassal 封臣，藩臣，诸侯 [medieval Latin feudatorius from feudare ‘enfeoff’ (as FEUD2)]

feu de joie /fɜ: də ˈʒwɑ:, 法 fø də ʒwa/ n. (pl. feux pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a salute by firing rifles etc. on a ceremonial occasion 鸣枪礼 [French, = fire of joy]

feudist /ˈfju:dist/ n. US  a person who is conducting a feud [美]结世仇者；长期争斗者

feuilleton /ˈfɜ:itɒ˜/ n.  1  a part of a newspaper etc. devoted to fiction, criticism, light literature, etc. (报纸上刊登小说、评论文、通俗文艺等的)通俗文艺栏，小品栏 2  an item printed in this (刊登在通俗文艺栏的)小说，评论文，通俗文艺作品 [French, = leaflet]

fever /ˈfi:və/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an abnormally high body temperature, often with delirium etc. 发烧，发热b  a disease characterized by this 热病  scarlet fever  猩红热 typhoid fever  伤寒 2  nervous excitement; agitation 高度兴奋，激动不安 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 fevered adj.)  affect with fever or excitement 使发烧；使患热病；使激动，使高度兴奋 [Old English fēfor and Anglo-French fevre, Old French fievre, from Latin febris]

feverfew /ˈfi:vəfju:/ n.  an aromatic bushy plant, Tanacetum parthenium (daisy family), with feathery leaves and white daisy-like flowers, used to treat migraine and, formerly, to reduce fever 小白菊(昔时用于退热，现用于治疗周期性偏头痛) [Old English feferfuge from Latin febrifuga (as FEBRIFUGE)]

feverish /ˈfi:v(ə)riʃ/ adj.  1  having the symptoms of a fever 有热病症状的，发热的，发烧的 2  excited, fitful, restless 激动的，不安定的，焦躁不安的 3 (of a place) infested by fever; feverous (某地区)热病蔓延的；容易引起热病的 □ feverishly  adv.  □ feverishness  n.  

feverous /ˈfi:v(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  infested with or apt to cause fever 热病蔓延的；容易引起热病的 2 archaic  feverish [古义]有热病症状的，发烧的；激动的，焦躁不安的

fever pitch n.  a state of extreme excitement 极度兴奋，极为激动

fever tree n.  1  a yellow-flowered southern African tree, Acacia xanthophloea 蓝桉(树) (一种产于非洲南部、开黄花的树) 2  a tree yielding a febrifuge, esp. Pickneya pubens of the south-east US 退热树(一种产于美国东南部、可用来生产退热药的树)

few /fju:/ adj., det. & pron. ●adj. & det.  1  not many 不多的，很少的  very few people came  来者寥寥无几 visitors are few  观光者很少 few doctors smoke  很少有医生吸烟 2 (prec. by 前接 a)  a small number of 一些，少数，几个  everything depended on a few people  一切事都靠几个人 a few good restaurants  几家不错的饭店 ●pron. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  1 (prec. by 前接 a)  some but not many 一些(但不多)；少数，几个  he only kept a few  他只保留了几个 a few of his friends were there  他的几位朋友在那儿 2  a small number, not many 很少数，没有几个  many are called but few are chosen  招来的人多，被选中的极少 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the minority 少数人b  the elect 被选定的(少数)人；特权集团 4 (作 the Few) Brit.  the RAF pilots who took part in the Battle of Britain [英] (二战期间参加过不列颠空战的)皇家空军飞行员 □ every few   once in every small group of 每隔几…  every few days  每隔几天□ few and far between   scarce 彼此相距很远的，稀少的，稀疏的□ a good few  Brit. colloq.  a fairly large number [英口]相当多，不少□ have a few  colloq.  take several alcoholic drinks [口]喝几杯(烈性)酒□ no fewer than   as many as (a specified number) 和(某数目)一样多，不少于，多达□ not a few   a considerable number 相当多，不少□ some few   some but not at all many 一些(但不多) [Old English fēawe, fēawa, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at LESS. 见 LESS 的用法说明。 

fey /fei/ adj.  1  a  strange, other-worldly; elfin; whimsical 古怪的；非现世的；小精灵般的；想入非非的b  clairvoyant 有超人视力的，神视的 2 Sc. [苏格兰]  a  fated to die soon 注定快要死的；濒死的b  overexcited or elated, as formerly associated with the state of mind of a person about to die (指快去世的人)精神异常兴奋的，回光返照的 □ feyly  adv.  □ feyness  n.   [Old English fœˉge, from Germanic]

Feynman diagram /ˈfainmən/ n. Physics  a diagram of interactions between subatomic particles 【物理学】费因曼图(费因曼设计的亚原子粒子相互作用图) [named after R. Feynman, US physicist d. 1988]

fez /fez/ n. (pl. fezzes)  a flat-topped conical red cap with a tassel, worn by men in some Muslim countries 非斯帽(一些穆斯林国家的男子戴的锥形、平顶、饰有长缨的红色毡帽) □ fezzed  adj.   [Turkish, perhaps from Fez in Morocco]

ff abbr. Mus. [缩略]【音】  fortissimo 

ff. abbr. [缩略]  1  following pages etc. 以下各页等 2  folios 

Fg. Off. abbr. (in the UK) Flying Officer [缩略] (英国)空军中尉

fiacre /fiˈɑ:krə/ n. hist.  a small four-wheeled cab [史义]四轮小马车 [named after the Hôtel de St Fiacre, Paris, where such vehicles were first hired out]

fianchetto /fiənˈtʃetəʊ, -ˈketəʊ/ n. & v. Chess 【棋类】  ●n. (pl. -oes)  the development of a bishop to a long diagonal of the board 侧翼出动(指国际象棋开局着法中“象”的出子，可先走“卒”为走“象”开路) ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  develop (a bishop) in this way 使(“象”)侧翼出动 [Italian, diminutive of fianco FLANK]

fiancé /fiˈɒnsei, -ˈɑ:ns-, -ˈɒ˜s-/ n. (fem. fiancée pronunc. same 阴性发音同)  a person to whom another is engaged to be married 未婚夫；未婚妻 [French, past part. of fiancer ‘betroth’ from Old French fiance ‘a promise’, ultimately from Latin fidere ‘to trust’]

Fianna Fáil /fiˌænə ˈfɔil/ n.  one of the two main political parties of the Republic of Ireland 替天行道士兵党(又称爱尔兰战士党或共和党，爱尔兰共和国两大政党之一) [Irish, from fianna ‘band of warriors’ + Fɑˊil, genitive of Fɑˊl, an ancient name for Ireland]

fiasco /fiˈæskəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a ludicrous or humiliating failure or breakdown (originally in a dramatic or musical performance); an ignominious result (原指戏剧或音乐演出中)可笑的失败，出丑的结局；可耻的失败 [Italian, = bottle (with unexplained allusion): see FLASK]

fiat /ˈfaiæt/ n.  1  an authorization 授权；批准，许可 2  a decree or order 命令，法令 [Latin, = let it be done]

fiat money n. US  inconvertible paper money made legal tender by a Government decree [美] (根据政府法令作为合法货币发行的)非(自由)兑换纸币

fib /fib/ n. & v. ●n.  a trivial or venial lie 无伤大雅的谎话，小谎 ●v. intr. (fibbed, fibbing)  tell a fib 撒小谎，说假话 □ fibber  n.  □ fibster  n.   [perhaps from obsolete fible-fable ‘nonsense’, reduplication of FABLE]

fiber US var.  of FIBRE [美] FIBRE 的变体

fiberboard US var.  of FIBREBOARD [美] FIBREBOARD 的变体

fiberglass US var.  of FIBREGLASS [美] FIBREGLASS 的变体

Fibonacci series /fibəˈnɑ:tʃi/ n. Math.  a series of numbers in which each number (Fibonacci number 斐波纳契数) is the sum of the two preceding numbers, esp. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc. 【数】斐波纳契数列(一种整数数列，其中每数等于前面两数之和，尤指数列 1 、 1 、 2 、 3 、 5 、 8 等) [named after L. Fibonacci, Italian mathematician fl. 1200]

fibre /ˈfaibə/ n. (US [美] fiber)  1  any of the threads or filaments forming animal or vegetable tissue and textile substances (动植物和纺织品的)纤维 2  a piece of glass in the form of a thread 玻璃纤维，玻璃丝 3  a  a substance formed of fibres 由纤维构成的物质b  a substance that can be spun, woven, or felted (可纺、织或制成毡的)纤维物质，纤维质料 4  the structure, grain, or character of something 结构，纹理；品质，性格  lacks moral fibre  缺乏道德品质 5  dietary material that is resistant to the action of digestive enzymes; roughage 饮食纤维素，(难消化的)纤维素食物 □ fibred  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ fibreless  adj.  □ fibriform  /ˈfaibrifɔ:m/ adj.   [Middle English via French from Latin fibra]

fibreboard /ˈfaibəbɔ:d/ n. (US [美] fiberboard)  a building material made of wood or other plant fibres compressed into boards 纤维板

fibrefill /ˈfaibəfil/ n.  a synthetic material used for padding garments, cushions, etc. (衬填服装、坐垫等的)合成纤维棉絮

fibreglass /ˈfaibəɡlɑ:s/ n. (US [美] fiberglass)  1  a textile fabric made from woven glass fibres 玻璃纤维 2  a plastic reinforced by glass fibres 强化塑料(一种用玻璃纤维加强的塑料)

fibre optics n.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the use of thin flexible fibres of glass or other transparent solids to transmit light signals, e.g. for telecommunications or internal inspection of the body 纤维光学 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  the fibres etc. so used 光学纤维，光纤

fibril /ˈfaibril/ n.  1  a small fibre 小纤维 2  a subdivision of a fibre 再分纤维 □ fibrillar  adj.  □ fibrillary  adj.   [modern Latin fibrilla, diminutive of Latin fibra ‘fibre’]

fibrillate /ˈfaibrileit, ˈfi-/ v.  1 intr.  a (of a fibre) split up into fibrils (纤维)裂分成小纤维b (of a muscle, esp. in the heart) undergo a quivering movement due to uncoordinated contraction of the individual fibrils (肌肉，尤指心脏肌肉)纤维性颤动 2 tr.  break (a fibre) into fibrils 使(纤维)裂分成小纤维 □ fibrillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fibrin /ˈfaibrin, ˈfi-/ n.  an insoluble protein formed during blood-clotting from fibrinogen (血)纤维蛋白，(血)纤维朊 □ fibrinoid  adj.   [FIBRE + -IN]

fibrinogen /faiˈbrinədʒ(ə)n, fi-/ n.  a soluble blood plasma protein which produces fibrin when acted upon by the enzyme thrombin 血纤维蛋白原

fibro /ˈfaibrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. [澳]  1  a mixture of asbestos and cement, used in sheets for building etc. 石棉水泥 2  a house constructed mainly of this 石棉水泥房子 [abbreviation of fibro-cement]

fibro- /ˈfaibrəʊ/ comb. form  fibre [构词成分]纤维

fibroblast /ˈfaibrə(ʊ)blɑ:st/ n. Anat.  a cell producing collagen fibres in connective tissue 【解】成纤维细胞 [FIBRO- + -BLAST]

fibroid /ˈfaibrɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characterized by fibrous tissue 纤维组织的；纤维性的 2  resembling or containing fibres 纤维状的；具纤维的 ●n.  a benign tumour of muscular and fibrous tissues, one or more of which may develop in the wall of the womb 纤维瘤，子宫肌瘤

fibroin /ˈfaibrəʊin/ n.  a protein which is the chief constituent of silk 丝心蛋白 [FIBRO- + -IN]

fibroma /faiˈbrəʊmə/ n. (pl. fibromas or fibromata /-mətə/)  a fibrous tumour 纤维瘤 [modern Latin, from Latin fibra ‘fibre’ + -OMA]

fibrosis /faiˈbrəʊsis/ n. Med.  a thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usu. as a result of injury 【医】纤维变性，纤维化 □ fibrotic  /-ˈbrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin fibra ‘fibre’ + -OSIS]

fibrositis /faibrəˈsaitis/ n.  an inflammation of fibrous connective tissue, usu. rheumatic and painful 纤维织炎，肌风湿病 □ fibrositic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin fibrosus ‘fibrous’ + -ITIS]

fibrous /ˈfaibrəs/ adj.  consisting of or like fibres 由纤维构成的；纤维状的 □ fibrously  adv.  □ fibrousness  n.  

fibula /ˈfibjʊlə/ n. (pl. fibulae /-li:/ or fibulas)  1 Anat.  the smaller and outer of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in terrestrial vertebrates 【解】腓骨 2 Antiq.  a brooch or clasp [古]扣衣针，饰针，胸针 □ fibular  adj.   [Latin, perhaps related to figere ‘fix’]

-fic /fik/ suffix (usu. as 通常作 -ific)  forming adjectives meaning ‘producing’, ‘making’ (prolific 多产的 ; pacific 和平的) 构成形容词，表示“生成…的”，“形成…的” □ -fically  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词 [from or suggested by French -fique or Latin -ficus from facere ‘do, make’]

-fication /fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix (usu. as 通常作 -ification)  forming nouns of action from verbs in -fy (acidification 变酸 ; purification 洗净，净化 ; simplification 简化) 把以 -fy 结尾的动词变为动作名词 [from or suggested by French -fication or Latin -ficatio -onis from -ficare: see -FY]

fiche /fi:ʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or fiches)  a microfiche 缩微胶片 [French, = slip of paper]

fichu /ˈfi:ʃu:/ n.  a woman's small triangular shawl of lace etc. for the shoulders and neck (女用披肩式)三角薄围巾 [French]

fickle /ˈfik(ə)l/ adj.  inconstant, changeable, esp. in loyalty (尤指在忠诚方面)无常的，易变的 □ fickleness  n.  □ fickly  adv.   [Old English ficol: related to befician ‘deceive’, fœˉcne ‘deceitful’]

fictile /ˈfiktail, -til/ adj.  1  made of earth or clay by a potter 黏土制的 2  of pottery 陶器的 [Latin fictilis from fingere fict- ‘fashion’]

fiction /ˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an invented idea or statement or narrative; an imaginary thing 凭空的构想(或说法)；虚构的事物 2  literature, esp. novels, describing imaginary events and people; the genre comprising novels and stories 文学作品(尤指小说，描写虚构的人和事)；小说；故事 3  a conventionally accepted falsehood 社会习俗容许的虚构  legal fiction (以虚构的事作为事实作出的) 法律推定 polite fiction  礼貌的托辞或借口 4  the act or process of inventing imaginary things 虚构；捏造；想像 □ fictional  adj.  □ fictionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ fictionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ fictionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fictionally  adv.  □ fictionist  n.  小说家 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fictio -onis (as FICTILE)]

fictitious /fikˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  imaginary, unreal 想像的，虚构的，非真实的 2  counterfeit; not genuine 伪造的，假冒的；假装的 3 (of a name or character) assumed (名字或人物)假定的；虚构的 4  of or in novels 小说的；小说中的 5  regarded as or called such by a legal or conventional fiction 依靠法律(或习惯)推定而被认为(或称作)的  his fictitious son  被推定是他儿子 □ fictitiously  adv.  □ fictitiousness  n.   [Latin ficticius (as FICTILE)]

fictive /ˈfiktiv/ adj.  1  creating or created by imagination 凭想像力进行创作的；凭想像力创作出的 2  not genuine 非真实的，假装的 □ fictiveness  n.   [French fictif -ive or medieval Latin fictivus (as FICTILE)]

ficus /ˈfi:kəs, ˈfaikəs/ n.  a tree or shrub of the large genus Ficus (mulberry family), including the fig and the rubber plant 榕属植物中的乔木或灌木(包括无花果属植物和橡胶植物) [Latin, = fig, fig tree]

fid /fid/ n.  1 Brit.  a small thick piece or wedge or heap of anything [英] (一)块，(一)堆 2 Naut. 【海】  a  a square wooden or iron bar to support the topmast (支撑中桅的)方形木杠(或铁杠)b  a conical wooden pin used in splicing (拼接、迭接用的)锥形木钉，木栓 [17th c.: origin unknown]

Fid. Def. abbr. Brit.  Defender of the Faith [缩略] [英]护教者(英王的尊号) [Latin Fidei Defensor]

fiddle /ˈfid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq. or derog.  a stringed instrument played with a bow, esp. a violin [口] [贬]提琴类乐器(尤指小提琴) 2 Brit. colloq.  an instance of cheating or fraud [英口]骗局；欺诈；欺骗行为 3  a fiddly task 累人(或费时)的工作 4 Naut.  a contrivance for stopping things from rolling or sliding off a table in bad weather 【海】桌面框(防止物体在船摇摆时从桌子上滚落或滑落) ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with, at)  play restlessly 胡乱摆弄；不停地用手拨弄b (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  move aimlessly 闲荡c  act idly or frivolously 虚度光阴；胡混d (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make minor adjustments; tinker (esp. in an attempt to make improvements) 做小调整；修整(以改进) 2 tr. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  cheat, swindle 欺骗，诈骗b  falsify 篡改，伪造c  get by cheating 骗取 3  a intr.  play the fiddle 拉小提琴b tr.  play (a tune etc.) on the fiddle 用小提琴演奏(乐曲等) □ as fit as a fiddle   in very good health 非常健康□ face as long as a fiddle   a dismal face 阴郁的面孔，板着的脸□ on the fiddle   engaged in cheating or swindling 欺骗，诈骗□ play second (or first) fiddle   take a subordinate (or leading) role 当二(或一)把手，当配(或主)角 [Old English fithele via Germanic from a Romanic root related to VIOL, ultimately from Latin vitulɑˉri ‘celebrate a festival, be joyful’]

fiddle-back n.  a fiddle-shaped back of a chair or front of a chasuble 小提琴状的椅背；神父主持弥撒时所穿十字褡的小提琴状前襟

fiddle-de-dee /fid(ə)ldiˈdi:/ int. & n.  nonsense 胡说；废话；无稽之谈

fiddle-faddle /ˈfid(ə)lfæd(ə)l/ n., v., int. & adj. ●n.  trivial matters 琐碎小事 ●v. intr.  fuss, trifle 大惊小怪；忙于琐事 ●int.  nonsense! 胡说！  ●adj. (of a person or thing) petty, fussy (人)瞎忙的，为琐事烦恼的；(事)微不足道的，琐碎的 [reduplication of FIDDLE]

fiddle-head n.  a scroll-like carving at a ship's bows 小提琴头状船首雕饰

fiddle pattern n.  the pattern of spoons and forks with fiddle-shaped handles 提琴形(指匙、叉等的柄部形状)

fiddler /ˈfidlə/ n.  1  a fiddle-player 小提琴手，小提琴家 2 Brit. slang  a swindler, a cheat [英] [俚语]骗子，诈骗者 3  any small crab of the genus Uca, the male having one of its claws held in a position like a violinist's arm 招潮(属甲壳纲沙蟹科的一种小蟹，雄蟹的一只螯像小提琴手的手臂一样擎着) [Old English fithelere (as FIDDLE)]

fiddlestick /ˈfid(ə)lstik/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数 ; as 作 int.)  nonsense! 胡说！废话！  2 colloq.  a bow for a fiddle [口]提琴弓

fiddling /ˈfidliŋ/ adj.  1  a  petty, trivial 小的，琐碎的b  contemptible, futile 不值一顾的；微不足道的 2 Brit. [英]  = FIDDLY  3  that fiddles 欺骗的，诈骗的；篡改的，弄虚作假的

fiddly /ˈfidli/ adj. (fiddlier, fiddliest) Brit.  intricate, awkward, or tiresome to do or use [英]难弄的，费事的；累人的；不便使用的

fideism /ˈfaidiiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that all or some knowledge depends on faith or revelation 信仰主义(一种认为知识基于信仰或神启的学说) □ fideist  n.  □ fideistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [Latin fides ‘faith’ + -ISM]

fidelity /fiˈdeliti/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  faithfulness, loyalty 忠实，忠贞，忠诚 2  strict conformity to truth or fact (对真理、事实的)严格遵从 3  exact correspondence to the original 精确，确切，逼真 4  precision in reproduction of sound (音响的)保真度  high fidelity  高保真度 [French fidélité or Latin fidelitas (as FEALTY)]

fidelity insurance n.  insurance taken out by an employer against losses incurred through an employee's dishonesty etc. 忠实保险(由雇主投保、对因雇员不忠实而招致的损失可获得赔偿的保险)

fidget /ˈfidʒit/ v. & n. ●v. (fidgeted, fidgeting)  1 intr.  move or act restlessly or nervously, usu. while maintaining basically the same posture 坐立不安，忐忑不安 2 intr.  be uneasy, worry 心神不宁；担心 3 tr.  make (a person) uneasy or uncomfortable 使(某人)坐立不安，使烦躁 ●n.  1  a person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  bodily uneasiness seeking relief in spasmodic movements; such movements 烦躁，坐立不安b  a restless mood 烦躁不安的情绪 □ fidgety  adj.  □ fidgetiness  n.   [obsolete or dialect fidge ‘to twitch’]

Fido /ˈfaidəʊ/ n.  a device enabling aircraft to land by dispersing fog by means of petrol-burners on the ground (驱散跑道上浓雾以便飞机着陆的)汽油喷灯驱雾器 [acronym from Fog Intensive Dispersal Operation]

fiducial /fiˈdju:ʃ(ə)l/ adj. Surveying, Astron., etc. (of a line, point, etc.) assumed as a fixed basis of comparison 【测量学】【天】(线、点等)被定为比较基准的 [Late Latin fiducialis via fiducia ‘trust’ from fidere ‘to trust’]

fiduciary /fiˈdju:ʃ(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of a trust, trustee, or trusteeship 信托的；信用的；信托关系的b  held or given in trust 受信托的，受委托的 2 (of a paper currency) depending for its value on public confidence or securities (纸币)信用发行的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a trustee 受信托者 [Latin fiduciarius (as FIDUCIAL)]

fidus Achates /faidəs əˈkeiti:z/ n.  a faithful friend; a devoted follower 忠诚的朋友；亲信 [Latin, = faithful Achates (a companion of Aeneas in Virgil's Aeneid)]

fie /fai/ int. archaic  expressing disgust, shame, or a pretence of outraged propriety [古义] (表示厌恶、羞耻或假装生气)呸；咄 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fi an exclamation of disgust at a stench]

fief /fi:f/ n.  1  a piece of land held under the feudal system or in fee 封地，采邑 2  a person's sphere of operation or control 活动(或控制)范围 [French (as FEE)]

fiefdom /ˈfi:fdəm/ n.  a fief 封地，采邑

field /fi:ld/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an area of open land, esp. one used for pasture or crops, often bounded by hedges, fences, etc. (常有围栏的)田，地；牧场 2  an area rich in some natural product 矿产丰富的地区，矿田  gas field  气田 diamond field  钻石矿区 3  a piece of land for a specified purpose, esp. an area marked out for games (尤指用于比赛的)场地，场所  football field  足球场 4  a  the participants in a contest or sport (比赛或运动的)参加者b  all the competitors in a race or all except those specified (参加比赛的)所有运动员；(除指明人员以外的)全体运动员 5 Cricket 【板球】  a  the side fielding 外场b  a fielder 外场员，守场员 6  an expanse of ice, snow, sea, sky, etc. (冰、雪、海、天空等的)茫茫一片 7  a  the ground on which a battle is fought; a battlefield 战场  left his rival in possession of the field  让他的对手占领了战场b  the scene of a campaign 战役发生地，战地c (作 attrib.) (of artillery etc.) light and mobile for use on campaign (火炮等)轻便的，易于移动的d archaic  a battle [古义]战斗，战役 8  an area of operation or activity; a subject of study (活动)范围，领域；研究科目，专业  each supreme in his own field  每一个在他自己的研究领域里都是最优秀的 9  a  the region in which a force is effective 某种力的有效范围，场  gravitational field  引力场 magnetic field  磁场b  the force exerted in such an area 作用在场上的力 10  a range of perception 视野，视界  field of view  视界 wide field of vision  广阔的视野 filled the field of the telescope  占据了望远镜的视野 11 Math.  a system subject to two operations analogous to those for the multiplication and addition of real numbers 【数】域，场 12 (作 attrib.)  a (of an animal or plant) found in the countryside, wild (动物或植物)在野外发现的，野生的  field mouse  田鼠b  carried out or working in the natural environment, not in a laboratory etc. 在自然环境(而非实验室里)进行(或工作)的，野外的，实地的  field test  实地试验 13  a  the background of a picture, coin, flag, etc. (画、硬币、旗子等的)底子，底色b Heraldry  the surface of an escutcheon or of one of its divisions 【纹章学】(饰有纹章的)盾面 14 Computing  a part of a record, representing an item of data 【计算】信息组，字段 ●v.  1 Cricket, Baseball etc. 【板球】【棒球】  a intr.  act as a fielder 担任外场员(或守场员)b tr.  stop (and return) (the ball) 接(球)；截并掷还(球)；守(球) 2 tr.  a  select (a team or individual) to play in a game 选(队或队员)参加比赛b  deploy (an army) 部署(军队)c  propose (a candidate) 推荐(候选人) 3 tr.  deal with (a succession of questions etc.) 处理(一系列问题等)；答复 □ hold the field   not be superseded 不为…所替代；坚守阵地□ in the field   1  campaigning 上阵，参战 2  working etc. away from one's laboratory, headquarters, etc. 在实地，在野外□ keep the field   continue a campaign 继续作战□ play the field  colloq.  avoid exclusive attachment to one person or activity etc. [口]避免只束缚于某一个人(或某一项活动)□ take the field   1  begin a campaign 开始作战，上阵 2 (of a sports team) go on to a pitch to begin a game (运动队)上场开始比赛 [Old English feld, from West Germanic]

field-book n.  a book used in the field by a surveyor for technical notes 野外测绘笔记本，野外工作记录本

field-cornet n. S. Afr. hist.  a minor magistrate [南非史义]地方治安官(指代表政府执行调查和报告犯罪行为的低级官员)

field day n.  1  wide scope for action or success; a time occupied with exciting events (采取行动或取得成功的)大好机会；充满激动人心事件的时期  when crowds form, pickpockets have a field day  当人群密集的时候，小偷们就有了大显身手的机会 2 Mil.  an exercise, esp. in manoeuvring; a review 【军】军事演习；军事检阅 3  a day spent in exploration, scientific investigation, etc., in the natural environment 野外考察日；野外科研日

field-effect transistor n.  a semiconductor device with current flowing through a channel controlled by a transverse electric field 场效应晶体管

fielder /ˈfi:ldə/ n. Cricket, Baseball, etc.  a member (other than the bowler or pitcher) of the side that is fielding 【板球】【棒球】守场员，外场手

field events n. pl.  athletic sports other than races (e.g. shot-putting, jumping, discus-throwing) 田赛项目(如铅球、跳高、铁饼等竞赛项目)

fieldfare /ˈfi:ldfɛə/ n.  a thrush, Turdus pilaris, having grey plumage with a speckled breast 田鸫(一种鸫属的鸟，灰羽毛，胸部有斑点) [Middle English feldefare, perhaps as FIELD + FARE]

field glasses n. pl.  binoculars for outdoor use 野外用(双筒)望远镜

field goal n.  1 Amer. Football  a goal scored by a drop kick or place kick from the field 【美式橄榄球】踢落地球(或定位球)而中门得的分 2 Basketball  a goal scored when the ball is in normal play 【篮球】(除罚球外)投球中篮得的分

field hockey n. N. Amer. [北美]  = HOCKEY1 

field hospital n.  a temporary hospital near a battlefield 野战医院

field marshal n. (in the British army) an officer of the highest rank (英国军队)陆军元帅

field mouse n.  a Eurasian mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, with large eyes and ears and a long tail Also called 亦称作 wood mouse 田鼠

field mushroom n.  the common edible mushroom, Agaricus campestris 野蘑菇，田蘑菇(常见的食用蘑菇)

field mustard n.  = CHARLOCK 

field notes n. pl.  notes made by a person while engaged in fieldwork 野外实地考察记录

field officer n.  an army officer of field rank 陆军校官

field of honour n.  the place where a duel or battle is fought 决斗场；战场

field of vision n.  all that comes into view when the eyes are turned in some direction 视野，视界

field rank n. esp. Brit.  any rank in an army above captain and below general [尤英] (陆军的)校级

fieldsman /ˈfi:ldzmən/ n. (pl. -men) Cricket 【板球】  = FIELDER 

field sports n. pl.  outdoor sports, esp. hunting, shooting, and fishing 野外运动(尤指打猎、射击、钓鱼)

fieldstone /ˈfi:ldstəʊn/ n.  stone used in its natural form (依其天然形状而使用的)散石，大卵石

field telegraph n.  a movable telegraph for use on campaign (战场上使用的便携式)野战发报机

fieldwork /ˈfi:ldwɜ:k/ n.  1  the practical work of a surveyor, collector of scientific data, sociologist, etc., conducted in the natural environment rather than a laboratory, office, etc. (测绘员、科学数据采集员、社会学家等的)现场调查工作，实地考察工作 2  a temporary fortification 临时防御工事 □ fieldworker  n.  

fiend /fi:nd/ n.  1  a  an evil spirit, a demon 魔鬼，恶魔b (prec. by 前接 the)  the Devil 魔王，撒旦 2  a  a very wicked or cruel person 恶魔般的人，凶狠的恶人b  a person causing mischief or annoyance 恶作剧的人；讨厌的人 3 (with a qualifying word 与修饰词连用) colloq.  a devotee or addict [口]嗜好成癖者；…迷；…狂  a fitness fiend  健身迷 4  something difficult or unpleasant 难事；使人不愉快的事 □ fiendlike  adj.   [Old English fēond, from Germanic]

fiendish /ˈfi:ndiʃ/ adj.  1  like a fiend; extremely cruel or unpleasant 恶魔般的，极其残忍的；使人极不愉快的 2  extremely difficult 极其困难的 □ fiendishly  adv.  □ fiendishness  n.  

fierce /fiəs/ adj. (fiercer, fiercest)  1  vehemently aggressive or frightening in temper or action, violent 好斗的；可怕的；凶狠的，凶猛的 2  eager, intense, ardent 急切的；强烈的；热切的 3  unpleasantly strong or intense; uncontrolled 酷烈的，强烈的；狂暴的  fierce heat  酷热 4 (of a mechanism) not smooth or easy in action (机械装置)运转不顺(或困难)的 □ fiercely  adv.  □ fierceness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French fers, Old French fiers fier ‘proud’ from Latin ferus ‘savage’]

fieri facias /ˌfaiərai ˈfeiʃiæs/ n. Law  a writ to a sheriff for executing a judgement 【法律】交给行政司法长官执行判决的令状(或命令)，强制执行令 [Latin, = cause to be made or done]

fiery /ˈfaiəri/ adj. (fierier, fieriest)  1  a  consisting of or flaming with fire 含火的；燃烧着的b (of an arrow etc.) fire-bearing (箭等)带火的 2  like fire in appearance, bright red 火一般的；火红的，血红的 3  a  hot as fire 火热的，灼热的b  acting like fire; producing a burning sensation 火辣的；红肿的，发炎的；发烧的 4  a  flashing, ardent 炯炯有神的；热切的  fiery eyes  炯炯有神的眼睛b  eager, pugnacious, spirited, irritable 急切的；好斗的；精神十足的；易怒的，暴躁的  fiery temper  暴躁的脾气c (of a horse) mettlesome (马)神气的 5 (of gas, a mine, etc.) inflammable; liable to explosions (气体、矿井等)易燃的；易爆的 6 Cricket (of a pitch) making the ball rise dangerously 【板球】(投球)使球急速上升的 □ fierily  adv.  □ fieriness  n.  

fiery cross n.  a wooden cross charred or set on fire as a symbol (烧焦或点燃、作为某种象征的)木制十字架；炭十字；火十字架

fiesta /fiˈestə/ n.  1  a holiday or festivity 假日，节日 2  a religious festival in Spanish-speaking countries (西班牙语国家的)宗教节日 [Spanish, = feast]

fi. fa. abbr. [缩略]  fieri facias 

FIFA /ˈfi:fə/ abbr.  International Football Federation [缩略]国际足球联合会 [French Fédération Internationale de Football Association]

fife /faif/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a kind of small shrill flute used with the drum in military music (军乐中与鼓合奏、发尖音的)横笛 2  its player 横笛吹奏者 ●v.  1 intr.  play the fife 吹横笛 2 tr.  play (an air etc.) on the fife 用横笛吹奏(曲子等) □ fifer  n.   [German Pfeife PIPE, or French fifre from Swiss German Pfifre ‘piper’]

fife-rail /ˈfaifreil/ n. Naut.  a rail round the mainmast with belaying-pins 【海】桅杆栅栏，桅边系索杆 [18th c.: origin unknown]

fifteen /fifˈti:n, ˈfifti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than fourteen, or five more than ten; the product of three units and five units 十五；十五个 2  a symbol for this 表示十五的符号 (15, xv, XV) 3  a size etc. denoted by fifteen 15 号(用十五表示的尺寸等) 4  a team of fifteen players, esp. in rugby (尤指橄榄球运动中)由 15 人组成的球队 5 (作 the Fifteen) hist.  the Jacobite rebellion of 1715 [史义]十五年之乱(英国 1688 年革命后拥护詹姆斯二世之子为王者于 1715 年发动的叛乱) 6 (作 15) Brit. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 15 years and over [英]分级为适合 15 及 15 岁以上的人观看的电影 ●adj.  that amount to fifteen (数量达到)十五的 □ fifteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English fīftēne (as FIVE, -TEEN)]

fifth /fifθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 5 in the sequence 1 － 5 第五 2  something occupying this position 第五个(东西) 3  the fifth person etc. in a race or competition (比赛中的)第五名 4  any of five equal parts of a thing 五分之一 5 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning five consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to G) 五度音程(如 C 至 G) ，五度和音b  a note separated from another by this interval 第五音，属音(主音上方的纯五度音) 6 US colloq. [美口]  a  a fifth of a gallon of liquor 1/ 5 加仑的酒b  a bottle containing this 盛 1/5 加仑酒的瓶子 ●adj.  that is the fifth 第五的 □ take the fifth  (in the US) exercise the right guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of refusing to answer questions in order to avoid incriminating oneself (美国)为避免自证其罪而行使《美国宪法修正案》第 5 条所赋予的拒绝回答问题的权利；拿宪法修正案第 5 条作保护□ fifthly  adv.   [earlier and dialect fift from Old English fīfta, from Germanic, assimilated to FOURTH]

fifth column n.  a group working for an enemy within a country at war etc. (from General Mola's reference to such support in besieged Madrid in 1936) 第五纵队(战时在国家内部为敌人工作的人，源自莫勒将军对 1936 年在被围困的马德里市内为攻城的佛朗哥军队作内应的那些人的称呼) □ fifth columnist  n.  

fifth-generation adj.  denoting a proposed new class of computer employing artificial intelligence 第五代的(指拟议中的新一代采用人工智能的计算机)

Fifth Monarchy n.  the last of the five great kingdoms predicted in Daniel 2:44 (《圣经·但以理书》 2:44 所预言的)第五王国，基督的王国

Fifth-monarchy-man n. hist.  a 17th-c. zealot expecting the immediate second coming of Christ and repudiating all other government [史义] 17 世纪狂热盼望基督第二次降临并拒绝所有其他政体的基督教徒

fifth wheel n.  1  an extra wheel of a coach (四轮大马车的)备用轮 2  a superfluous person or thing 多余的人(或物) 3  a horizontal turntable over the front axle of a carriage as an extra support to prevent its tipping (马车的)转向轮；(半拖车的)支座轮

fifty /ˈfifti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of five and ten 五十 2  a symbol for this 表示五十的符号 (50, l, L) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 50 to 59, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 从 50 到 59 的数(尤指一个世纪的 50 年代或人从 50 岁到 59 岁的时期) 4  a set of fifty persons or things 50 个人(或物) 5  a large indefinite number (大而不确定的)一个数目  have fifty things to tell you  有许多事情要告诉你 ●adj.  that amount to fifty (达到)50 的 □ fifty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between fiftieth and sixtieth 第 51 、第 52 等 (50 至 60 之间的序数)□ fifty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between fifty and sixty 51 、 52 等 (50 至 60 之间的基数)□ fiftieth  adj. & n.  □ fiftyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English fīftig (as FIVE, -TY2)]

fifty-fifty adj. & adv. ●adj.  equal, with equal shares or chances 平均的；平分的；(可能与不可能)各半的  on a fifty-fifty basis  平分 ●adv.  equally, half-and-half 平均地；各半  go fifty-fifty  均摊

fig1 /fiɡ/ n.  1  a soft pear-shaped fruit with many seeds, eaten fresh or dried 无花果 2 (in full 全称 fig tree)  any deciduous tree or shrub of the genus Ficus, esp. F. carica, which has broad leaves and bears figs 无花果树；无花果属植物 □ not care (or give) a fig   not care at all 毫不理会，毫不在意 [Middle English via Old French figue from Provençal fig(u)a, ultimately from Latin ficus]

fig2 /fiɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  dress or equipment 服装；设备  in full fig  穿着盛装 2  condition or form 状况；外形  in good fig  状况良好 ●v. tr. (figged, figging)  1 (foll. by 后跟 out)  dress up (a person) 给(某人)穿上盛装，打扮(某人) 2 (foll. by 后跟 out, up)  make (a horse) lively 使(马)精神抖擞 [variant of obsolete verb feague from German fegen: see FAKE1]

fig. abbr. [缩略]  figure 

fight /fait/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. fought /fɔ:t/)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, with)  contend or struggle in war, battle, single combat, etc. 打仗，作战，战斗；打架；搏斗 2 tr.  contend with (an opponent) in this way 与(敌手)打仗；作战；打架；搏斗 3 tr.  take part or engage in (a battle, war, duel, etc.) 打(仗)，参加(战斗、战争、决斗等) 4 tr.  contend about (an issue, an election); maintain (a lawsuit, cause, etc.) against an opponent 对(问题、竞选)进行争论；为(诉讼、事业等)进行斗争 5 intr.  campaign or strive determinedly to achieve something 奋斗(或斗争) (以获得某物) 6 tr.  strive to overcome (disease, fire, fear, etc.) 奋力战胜(疾病、火灾、恐惧等) 7 tr.  make (one's way) by fighting 奋力打出(一条路) 8 tr.  cause (cocks or dogs) to fight 使(公鸡或狗)打斗 9 tr.  handle (troops, a ship, etc.) in battle 指挥(部队、舰船等)战斗 ●n.  1  a  a combat, esp. unpremeditated, between two or more persons, animals, or parties (两个或两个以上的人、动物、党派之间的)争斗(尤指未经预先谋划的)；打架，搏斗；战斗b  a boxing match 拳击赛c  a battle 战斗 2  a conflict or struggle; a vigorous effort in the face of difficulty 冲突，斗争；(困难面前有力的)抗争 3  power or inclination to fight 战斗力；好斗；斗志  has no fight left  丧失斗志 showed fight  显示了战斗力 □ fight back   1  counter-attack 反击，回击 2  suppress (one's feelings, tears, etc.) 克制，抑制(感情、泪水等)□ fight down   suppress (one's feelings, tears, etc.) 忍住，抑制(感情、泪水等)□ fight for   1  fight on behalf of 为…而战斗(或奋斗) 2  fight to secure (a thing) 为获取(某物)而斗争；争夺(某物)□ fight off   repel with effort 竭力抵制；击退□ fight out (usu. as 通常作 fight it out)   settle (a dispute etc.) by fighting 通过斗争解决(争端)□ fight shy of   avoid; be unwilling to approach (a person, task, etc.) 避开；不愿接近(某人)，不愿承担(任务等)□ make a fight of it (or put up a fight)   offer resistance 进行抵抗 [Old English feohtan, feoht(e), from West Germanic]

fightback /ˈfaitbæk/ n.  an act of retaliation; a rally or recovery 回击，反击；恢复，痊愈

fighter /ˈfaitə/ n.  1  a person or animal that fights 战士；斗士；斗争者；奋斗者；打斗的动物 2  a fast military aircraft designed for attacking other aircraft 战斗机，歼击机

fighter-bomber n.  an aircraft serving as both fighter and bomber 战斗轰炸机

fighting chair n. US  a fixed chair on a boat for use when catching large fish [美]斗鱼椅(固定在船上供钓鱼者坐着与上钩的大鱼周旋的坐椅)

fighting chance n.  an opportunity of succeeding by great effort 经极大努力获得成功的机会

fighting fish n. (in full 全称 Siamese fighting fish)  a freshwater fish, Betta splendens, native to Thailand, the males of which fight vigorously 斗鱼(一种产于泰国的淡水鱼，雄性好斗)

fighting fit adj.  fit enough to fight; at the peak of fitness 强悍善战的；非常强健的

fighting fund n. Brit.  money raised to support a campaign [英]斗争基金(为支持某种运动或事业而筹集的资金)

fighting-top n.  a circular gun platform high on a warship's mast 军舰桅顶上的圆形枪炮射击台

fighting words n. pl. colloq.  words indicating a willingness to fight [口]挑战的言辞

fig leaf n.  1  a leaf of a fig tree 无花果树叶 2  a device for concealing something, esp. the genitals (Gen. 3:7) (尤指遮蔽阴部的)叶形物；遮羞布(《圣经·创世纪》 3:7)

figment /ˈfiɡm(ə)nt/ n.  a thing invented or existing only in the imagination 虚构的事物，想像中的事物 [Middle English from Latin figmentum, related to fingere ‘fashion’]

figura /fiˈɡjʊərə/ n. Literary Criticism  etc. a person or thing representing or symbolizing a fact etc. 【文学批评】面貌(代表或象征某一客观事实的人或物) [modern Latin from Latin, = FIGURE]

figural /ˈfiɡjʊr(ə)l/ adj.  1  figurative 比喻的，借喻的；非字面的 2  relating to figures or shapes 形象的；以…形象构成(或表现)的 3 Mus.  florid in style 【音】装饰的 [Old French figural or Late Latin figuralis from figura FIGURE]

figurant /ˈfiɡjʊr(ə)nt, 法 fiɡyrɑ˜/ n. (fem. figurante /ˈfiɡjʊr(ə)nt, 法 fiɡyrɑ˜t/)  a ballet dancer appearing only in a group (芭蕾舞中的)一般(男)演员，配角 [French, pres. part. of figurer FIGURE]

figuration /fiɡəˈreiʃ(ə)n, -ɡjʊ-/ n.  1  a  the act of formation 成形，定形b  a mode of formation; a form 成形方式；形式c  a shape or outline 形状，轮廓 2  a  ornamentation by designs 图案装饰b Mus.  ornamental patterns of scales, arpeggios, etc., often derived from an earlier motif 【音】华彩音型法 3  allegorical representation 比喻表达法 [Middle English from French or from Latin figuratio (as FIGURE)]

figurative /ˈfiɡ(ə)rətiv, -ɡjʊ-/ adj.  1  a  metaphorical, not literal 比喻的，借喻的；非字面的b  metaphorically so called 用比喻法称呼的 2  characterized by or addicted to figures of speech 使用修辞手段的；有文采的；过分使用修辞手法的 3  of pictorial or sculptural representation 用图画(或雕像)表现的 4  emblematic, serving as a type 象征的 □ figuratively  adv.  □ figurativeness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin figurativus (as FIGURE)]

figure /ˈfiɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the external form or shape of a thing (物体的)外形，轮廓b  bodily shape 体形，身材  has a well-developed figure  有着发育良好的体形 2  a  a person as seen in outline but not identified 隐约可见的人影  saw a figure leaning against the door  看见一个人影倚在门上b  a person as contemplated mentally 人物；名人  a public figure  一个公众人物 3  appearance as giving a certain impression (给人留下某种印象的)外表，外貌  cut a poor figure  出丑，出洋相 4  a  a representation of the human form in drawing, sculpture, etc. (绘画、雕塑等中人的)画像，塑像，肖像b  an image or likeness 形象；相似物c  an emblem or type 象征，典型 5 Geom.  a two-dimensional space enclosed by a line or lines, or a three-dimensional space enclosed by a surface or surfaces; any of the classes of these, e.g. the triangle, the sphere 【几】几何(平面或立体)图形 6  a  a numerical symbol, esp. any of the ten in Arabic notation 数字(尤指阿拉伯数目字 0 到 9 中的一个)b  a number so expressed (用阿拉伯数字表示的)数目c  an amount of money, a value 金额；价格，价值  cannot put a figure on it  无法估量其价值d (in pl. 用复数)  arithmetical calculations 算术；计算 7  a diagram or illustrative drawing 图表；插图 8  a decorative pattern (装饰性的)图案，图样 9  a  a division of a set dance, an evolution (舞蹈中的)舞步型，规定动作b (in skating) a prescribed pattern of movements from a stationary position (滑冰中的)花式，花样 10 Mus.  a short succession of notes producing a single impression, a brief melodic or rhythmic formula out of which longer passages are developed 【音】音型 11 (in full 全称 figure of speech)  a recognized form of rhetorical expression giving variety, force, etc., esp. metaphor or hyperbole 修辞手段，修辞格(尤指比喻或夸张) 12 Gram.  a permitted deviation from the usual rules of construction, e.g. ellipsis 【语法】变异(如省略) 13 Logic  the form of a syllogism, classified according to the position of the middle term 【逻辑学】(三段论法中按中项的不同位置而划分的)格 14  a horoscope 星占；算命天宫图 ●v.  1 intr.  appear or be mentioned, esp. prominently (尤指引人注意地)出现(或被提及)，显露头角 2 tr.  represent in a diagram or picture 用图表(或图画)描绘，描述；塑造 3 tr.  imagine; picture mentally 想像；(在头脑中)勾画 4 tr.  a  embellish with a pattern 用图案装饰  figured satin  印花缎子b Mus.  embellish with figures 【音】用音型装饰 5 tr.  mark with numbers  figured bass  用数字写出的低音部 or prices 用数字标出；用价格表示 6  a tr.  calculate 计算b intr.  do arithmetic 做算术 7 tr.  be a symbol of, represent typically 象征 8 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a tr.  understand, ascertain, consider 理解，明白；弄清，查明；认为，以为b intr. colloq.  be likely or understandable [口]有可能；可以理解  that figures  那是可以理解的 □ figure on  US  count on, expect [美]依赖，指望□ figure out   1  work out by arithmetic or logic 计算出；推导出 2  estimate 估计，推测 3  understand 理解，明白□ figureless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French figure (n.), figurer (v.) from Latin figura, figurare, related to fingere ‘fashion’]

figured bass n.  = CONTINUO 

figurehead /ˈfiɡəhed/ n.  1  a nominal leader or head without real power 有名无实的首脑，傀儡 2  a carving, usu. a bust or a full-length figure, at a ship's prow 船首雕饰(通常为半身或全身人物雕像)

figure of eight n. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  1  the shape of the number eight “ 8 ”字形 2  something that has this shape 呈“ 8 ”字形的物体

figure of fun n.  a ridiculous person 可笑的人物

figure of speech  see 见 FIGURE n. 11 

figure skating n.  skating in prescribed patterns from a stationary position 花样滑冰 □ figure skater  n.  

figurine /ˈfiɡəri:n, -ɡjʊ-/ n.  a statuette 小雕像；小塑像 [French from Italian figurina, diminutive of figura FIGURE]

figwort /ˈfiɡwɜ:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Scrophularia (family Scrophulariaceae), with dull purplish-brown flowers, once believed to be useful against scrofula 玄参；玄参属植物(旧时认为对治疗淋巴结核有用)

Fiji   斐济

Fijian /fi:ˈdʒi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Fiji, its people, or language 斐济的；斐济人的；斐济语的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Fiji 斐济人 2  the Austronesian language of this people 斐济语

filagree var.  of FILIGREE  FILIGREE 的变体

filament /ˈfiləm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a slender threadlike body or fibre (esp. in animal or vegetable structures) (尤指动植物结构中的)丝状物；细丝，细线 2  a conducting wire or thread with a high melting point in an electric bulb or thermionic valve, heated or made incandescent by an electric current (灯泡或电子管的)灯丝，丝极 3 Bot.  the part of the stamen that supports the anther 【植】(雄蕊的)花丝 4 archaic (of air, light, etc.) a notional train of particles following each other [古义]想像中(空气、光等)的一长串微粒 □ filamentary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  □ filamented  adj.  □ filamentous  /-ˈmentəs/ adj.   [French filament or modern Latin filamentum via Late Latin filare ‘spin’ from Latin filum ‘thread’]

filaria /fiˈlɛəriə/ n. (pl. filariae /-rii:/)  any threadlike parasitic nematode worm of the family Filariidae, introduced into the blood by certain biting flies and mosquitoes (寄生人体内的)丝虫 □ filarial  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin filum ‘thread’]

filariasis /fiˌlɛəriˈeisis, filəˈraiəsis/ n. pl. (filariases /-riˈeisi:z, -ˈraiəsi:z/)  a tropical disease caused by the presence of filarial worms esp. in the lymph vessels 丝虫病(一种热带病)

filature /ˈfilətʃə, -tjə/ n.  an establishment for or the action of reeling silk from cocoons 缫丝机；缫丝 [French from Italian filatura, from filare ‘spin’]

filbert /ˈfilbət/ n.  1  a cultivated hazel, esp. Corylus maxima, bearing longish edible nuts 欧洲榛 2  this nut 欧洲榛果实，榛果实 3 (in full 全称 filbert brush)  an oval brush used in oil painting (作油画中使用的)椭圆形刷子 [Middle English philliberd etc. from Anglo-French philbert, dialect French noix de filbert, a nut ripe about St Philibert's day (20 Aug.)]

filch /filtʃ/ v. tr.  pilfer, steal 小偷小摸，偷窃(小物品) □ filcher  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

file1 /fail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a folder, box, etc., for holding loose papers, esp. arranged for reference 文件夹；文件箱 2  a set of papers kept in this (用文件夹、文件箱存放的)文件，档案，卷宗 3 Computing  a collection of (usu. related) data stored under one name 【计算】(用一文件名储存的一组数据)文件 4  a series of issues of a newspaper etc. in order (报纸等按期号顺序排列的)合订本 5  a stiff pointed wire on which documents etc. are impaled for keeping (把文件等穿插在一起保存的)金属签 ●v. tr.  1  place (papers) in a file or among (esp. public) records 把(文件)归档，备案 2  submit (a petition for divorce, an application for a patent, etc.) to the appropriate authority (向有关机构)呈交(离婚申请书、专利申请书等) 3 (of a reporter) send (a story, information, etc.) to a newspaper (记者给报社)发送(报导、消息等) □ file away   place in a file, or make a mental note of, for future reference 把…存档；记住□ on file   in a file or filing system 在档案(或档案系统)中□ filer  n.   [French fil from Latin filum ‘thread’]

file2 /fail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line of persons or things one behind another 排成行的人(或物) 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) Mil.  a small detachment of men (now usu. two) 【军】小分队(现通常由两人组成) 3 Chess  a line of squares from player to player (cf. 参见 RANK1 n. 6) 【棋类】(国际象棋棋盘上的)格子纵列 ●v. intr.  walk in a file 排成纵队行进 □ file off (or away)  Mil.  go off by files 【军】排成纵队出发 [French file from Late Latin filare ‘spin’ or Latin filum ‘thread’]

file3 /fail/ n. & v. ●n.  a tool with a roughened surface or surfaces, usu. of steel, for smoothing or shaping wood, fingernails, etc. 锉，锉刀 ●v. tr.  1  smooth or shape with a file 用锉刀锉光滑(或成形) 2  elaborate or improve (a thing, esp. a literary work) 润色(或改进) (某物，尤指文学作品) □ file away   remove (roughness etc.) with a file 用锉锉掉□ filer  n.   [Old English fīl, from West Germanic]

filefish /ˈfailfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any fish of the family Balistidae, with a spiny dorsal fin and rough skin 鲀 [FILE3, from their rough skin, suggesting the surface of a file]

file server n. Computing  a device which controls access to one or more separately stored files 【计算】文件服务器

filet /ˈfi:lei, ˈfilit/ n.  1  a kind of net or lace with a square mesh 方网眼的网；方网眼花边 2  a fillet of meat 肉片 [French, = thread]

filet mignon /ˌfi:lei ˈmi:njɒ˜/ n.  a small tender piece of beef from the end of the undercut (牛的)里脊 [French, literally ‘dainty fillet’]

filial /ˈfiliəl/ adj.  1  of or due from a son or daughter 子女的；孝顺的 2 Biol.  bearing the relation of offspring (cf. 参见 F2 4) 【生】子代的，杂交后代的 □ filially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French filial or Late Latin filialis from filius ‘son’, filia ‘daughter’]

filiation /filiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  being the child of one or two specified parents 子女与父(或母)的关系；子女与父母的关系 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  descent or transmission 起源，由来；血统；出身 3  the formation of offshoots 分支的形成 4  a branch of a society or language (协会或语言的)分支 5  a genealogical relation or arrangement 系统(或家系)关系；系统(或家系)排列 [French via Late Latin filiatio -onis from Latin filius ‘son’]

filibeg /ˈfilibeɡ/ n. (also 亦作 philabeg /ˈfilə-/) Sc.  a kilt [苏格兰]苏格兰褶裥短裙(苏格兰高地男子或英国苏格兰兵团士兵所穿，通常用格子花呢缝制)；苏格兰褶裥短裙式的童装(或女服) [Gaelic feileadh-beag ‘little fold’]

filibuster /ˈfilibʌstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the obstruction of progress in a legislative assembly, esp. by prolonged speaking (尤指在议会中以冗长的演说)阻挠议事进程的行为b esp. N. Amer.  a person who engages in a filibuster [尤北美] (以冗长的演说)阻挠议事的议员 2 esp. hist.  a person engaging in unauthorized warfare against a foreign state [尤史义]擅自对外国进行战争者 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a filibuster (以冗长的演说)进行阻挠；擅自对外国进行战争 2 tr.  act in this way against (a motion etc.) (以冗长的演说)阻挠(动议等)通过 [ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter FREEBOOTER, influenced by French flibustier, Spanish filibustero]

filigree /ˈfiliɡri:/ n. (also 亦作 filagree /ˈfiləɡri:/)  1  ornamental work of fine (usu. gold or silver) wire formed into delicate tracery; fine metal openwork 用细丝(通常为金丝或银丝)制成的精工饰品；花样精致的金属透雕细工 2  anything delicate resembling this 类似金银细丝精工饰品(或金属透雕细工)的精细制品 □ filigreed  adj.   [earlier filigreen, filigrane via French filigrane from Italian filigrana, from Latin filum ‘thread’ + granum ‘seed’]

filing /ˈfailiŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a particle rubbed off by a file 锉屑

filing cabinet n.  a case with drawers for storing documents (带抽屉的)文件柜

Filipino /filiˈpi:nəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os; fem. Filipina /-nə/)  a native or national of the Philippines, a group of islands in the SW Pacific 菲律宾人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Philippines or the Filipinos 菲律宾的；菲律宾人的 [Spanish, = Philippine]

fill /fil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make or become full (使)充满；装满；填满；注满 2 tr.  occupy completely; spread over or through; pervade 占满；布满；遍及 3 tr.  block up (a cavity or hole in a tooth) with cement, amalgam, gold, etc.; drill and put a filling into (a decayed tooth) (用粘固粉、汞、金子等)填补(牙洞)；镶补(龋齿) 4 tr.  appoint a person to hold (a vacant post) 派人担任(某职) 5 tr.  hold (a position); discharge the duties of (an office) 担任(某职)；履行(某职务)的职责 6 tr.  carry out or supply (an order, commission, etc.) 执行(定单)；(按定单)供应；交付(定货、佣金等) 7 tr.  occupy (vacant time) 占据(空余时间) 8 intr. (of a sail) be distended by wind (船帆)被风张满 9 tr. (usu. as 通常作 filling adj.) (esp. of food) satisfy, satiate (尤指食物)使满足，使吃饱 10 tr. Poker  etc. complete (a holding) by drawing the necessary cards 【扑克】(通过吊得必要的牌)凑成(一组同花或其他花色组合) 11 tr.  stock abundantly (大量地)贮备，备有 ●n.  1 (prec. by possessive 前接所属格)  as much as one wants or can bear 所要的最大量；能忍受的最大限度  eat your fill  吃个够 2  enough to fill something 足以填满某物的量  a fill of tobacco  一烟斗烟 3  material used for filling 填塞物，装填物 □ fill the bill   be suitable or adequate 合适；足够□ fill in   1 Brit.  add information to complete (a form, document, blank cheque, etc.) [英]填写(表格、文件、空白支票等) 2  a  complete (a drawing etc.) within an outline (在某一轮廓内)完成(绘画等)b  fill (an outline) in this way (用绘画)填充(某一轮廓) 3  fill (a hole etc.) completely 填满(洞等) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  act as a substitute 替代 5  occupy oneself during (time between other activities) 消磨(或打发) (空闲时间) 6 colloq.  inform (a person) more fully [口]更全面地向(某人)提供情况 7 Brit. slang  thrash, beat [英] [俚语]打，揍□ fill out   1  enlarge to the required size (使)扩大到(要求的尺寸)，(使)膨胀到 2  become enlarged or plump 变大；变胖，变丰满 3 US  fill in (a document etc.) [美]填写(文件等)□ fill up   1  make or become completely full (使)充满 2 Brit.  fill in (a document etc.) [英]填写(文件等) 3  fill the petrol tank of (a car etc.) 加满(小汽车等的)油箱 4  provide what is needed to occupy vacant parts or places or deal with deficiencies in 填补空缺；填满空地；补足短缺 5  do away with (a pond etc.) by filling 填平(池塘等) [Old English fyllan from Germanic, related to FULL1]

fille de joie /fi: də ˈʒwɑ:, 法 fij də ʒwa/ n.  a prostitute 妓女 [French, literally ‘daughter of joy’]

filler /ˈfilə/ n.  1  material or an object used to fill a cavity or increase bulk 填充料，填塞物 2  an item filling space in a newspaper etc. (报纸等的)补白 3  a person or thing that fills 装填者；装填用的器具

filler cap n.  a cap closing the pipe leading to the petrol tank of a motor vehicle (通入汽车油箱的输油管)管盖

fillet /ˈfilit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a fleshy piece of meat from near the loins or the ribs 里脊肉b (in full 全称 fillet steak)  the undercut of a sirloin 里脊牛排c  a boned longitudinal section of a fish 不带骨的鱼片 2  a  a headband, ribbon, string, or narrow band, for binding the hair or worn round the head 束发带；头带b  a band or bandage 带子；绷带 3  a  a thin narrow strip of anything 带状物b  a raised rim or ridge on any surface 表面上的凸边 4 Archit. 【建】  a  a narrow flat band separating two mouldings (隔开两条装饰线条的)窄平嵌条b  a small band between the flutes of a column (柱子长条形凹槽间的)楞条 5 Carpentry  an added triangular piece of wood to round off an interior angle 【木工】(三角形)木嵌条 6  a  a plain line impressed on the cover of a book (书本封面上的)饰线，轮廓线b  a roller used to impress this 制作饰线的滚轴 7 Heraldry  a horizontal division of a shield, a quarter of the depth of a chief 【纹章学】(盾形徽章的)横向分线；纹章上段厚度的 1/4 ●v. tr. (filleted, filleting)  1  a  remove bones from (fish) 给(鱼)剔除骨头b  divide (fish or meat) into fillets 把(鱼或肉)切成片 2  bind or provide with a fillet or fillets 用带缚；加边线 3  encircle with an ornamental band 用饰带(或饰线)装饰 □ filleter  n.   [Middle English via Old French filet from a Romanic diminutive of Latin filum ‘thread’]

filling /ˈfiliŋ/ n.  1  material that fills or is used to fill, esp. 填补物，填料，(尤指):a  a piece of material used to fill a cavity in a tooth 填补牙洞的材料b  the edible substance between the bread in a sandwich or between the pastry in a pie (三明治或馅饼的)馅子 2 US  weft [美]纬丝，纬线；浆料

filling station n.  an establishment selling petrol etc. to motorists (汽车)加油站

fillip /ˈfilip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stimulus or incentive 刺激(物)，激励(因素) 2  a  a sudden release of a finger or thumb when it has been bent and checked by a thumb or finger 弹指b  a slight smart stroke given in this way 轻击，轻拍 ●v. (filliped, filliping)  1 tr.  stimulate 刺激，激起  fillip one's memory  唤起某人的记忆 2 tr.  strike slightly and smartly 用指头弹；轻击；弹(指) 3 tr.  propel (a coin, marble, etc.) with a fillip 弹指(或轻击) (硬币、弹子等) 4 intr.  make a fillip 弹指 [imitative]

fillis /ˈfilis/ n. Brit.  loosely twisted string used for tying up plants etc. [英] (捆束植物等用的)粗绳 [French filasse ‘tow’]

fillister /ˈfilistə/ n.  a rabbet or rabbet plane for window sashes etc. (窗格等的)凹槽；(刨凹槽用的)凹刨 [19th c.: perhaps from French feuilleret]

fill-up n.  1  a thing that fills something up 填满某物的东西 2  an act of filling up a petrol tank etc. 加满(油箱等)

filly /ˈfili/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a young female horse, usu. before it is four years old (通常指不满 4 岁的)小母马 2 colloq.  a girl or young woman [口]姑娘；少妇 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse fylja, from Germanic (as FOAL)]

film /film/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thin coating or covering layer 薄层；薄膜 2 Photog.  a strip or sheet of plastic or other flexible base coated with light-sensitive emulsion for exposure in a camera, either as individual visual representations or as a sequence of images which form the illusion of movement when shown in rapid succession 【摄】胶卷；胶片 3  a  a representation of a story, episode, etc., on a film, with the illusion of movement (对故事、事件等的)拍摄b  a story represented in this way 影片，电影c (in pl. 用复数)  the cinema industry 电影业 4  a slight veil or haze etc. 薄雾；薄面纱 5  a dimness or abnormal opacity affecting the eyes (眼的)模糊不清；(眼的)薄翳 6  a fine thread or filament 细线，细丝 ●v.  1  a tr.  make a photographic film of (a scene, person, etc.) 拍摄(景色、人物等)b tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  make a cinema or television film of (a book etc.) 把(小说等)摄成电影(或电视剧)c intr.  be (well or ill) suited for reproduction on film 适于(或不适于)摄成电影 2 tr. & intr.  cover or become covered with or as with a film (似)给…覆上薄膜；生薄膜；变朦胧 [Old English filmen ‘membrane’ from West Germanic, related to FELL5]

film clip n.  = CLIP2n. 3 

film-goer n.  a person who frequents the cinema 常去影院的人；爱好电影的人 □ film-going  n.  

filmic /ˈfilmik/ adj.  of or relating to films or cinematography 电影的，有关电影的；有关电影摄制术的

film-maker n.  a person who makes films 电影制片人 □ film-making  n.  

filmography /filˈmɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a list of films by one director etc. or on one subject (同一导演摄制的或有关同一主题的)电影系列，影片集锦 [FILM + -GRAPHY after bibliography]

filmset /ˈfilmset/ v. tr. (-setting; past and past part. -set) Printing  set (material for printing) by filmsetting 【印刷】照相排(版) □ filmsetter  n.  

filmsetting /ˈfilmsetiŋ/ n. Printing  typesetting using characters on photographic film 【印刷】照相排版

film star n.  a celebrated actor or actress in films 电影明星

filmstrip /ˈfilmstrip/ n.  a series of transparencies in a strip for projection 幻灯片，(幻灯)片带，片条

filmy /ˈfilmi/ adj. (filmier, filmiest)  1  thin and translucent 薄而近乎透明的 2  covered with or as with a film (似)覆有薄膜的 □ filmily  adv.  □ filminess  n.  

filo /ˈfi:ləʊ/ n. (also 亦作 phyllo) (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a kind of dough usually layered in thin leaves to make sweet and savoury pastries (制酥点用的)擀成薄层的生面  filo dough  薄片生面 filo pastry  薄皮点心，千层酥点 filo pie  薄皮馅饼 [modern Greek phullo ‘leaf’]

Filofax /ˈfailə(ʊ)fæks/ n. propr.  a portable loose-leaf filing system for personal or office use [商标]便携活叶记事本 [FILE1 + facts, pl. of FACT]

filoselle /ˈfiləsel/ n.  floss silk 绣花丝线 [French]

fils1 /fils/ n.  a monetary unit of Iraq, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, and Yemen 费尔(伊拉克、巴林、约旦、科威特、也门的货币单位) [colloq. pronunciation of Arabic fals, a small copper coin]

fils2 /fi:s, 法 fis/ n. (added to a surname to distinguish a son from a father of the same name) the son, junior (cf. 参见 PERE) (加于儿子姓后以区分同名父子)小 [French, = son]

filter /ˈfiltə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas passed through it 过滤器 2  = FILTER TIP  3  a screen or attachment for absorbing or modifying light, X-rays, etc. 滤光器，滤色镜 4  a device for suppressing electrical or sound waves of frequencies not required (电波或声波的)滤波器 5 Brit. [英]  a  an arrangement for filtering traffic 分流车辆的交通设施b  a traffic light signalling this (指示车辆分流的)交通灯 ●v. intr. & tr.  1  pass or cause to pass through a filter (使)过滤 2 (foll. by 后跟 through, into, etc.)  make way gradually 漏过，渗入；慢慢传开 3 (foll. by 后跟 out)  leak or cause to leak (使)渗漏；(使)漏出 4 Brit.  allow (traffic) or (of traffic) be allowed to pass to the left or right at a junction while traffic going straight ahead is halted (esp. at traffic lights) [英]交通路口当直行车辆禁止行进时(尤指亮红灯时)允许其他车辆左转(或右转)行驶；(车辆)被准许左转(或右转) □ filter out   remove (impurities etc.) by means of a filter 滤除(杂质等) [French filtre from medieval Latin filtrum ‘felt used as a filter’, from West Germanic]

filterable /ˈfilt(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 filtrable /ˈfiltrəb(ə)l/)  1 Med. (of a virus) able to pass through a filter that retains bacteria 【医】(病毒)滤过性的，可滤性的 2  that can be filtered 可滤的；可滤去的

filter-bed n.  a tank or pond containing a layer of sand etc. for filtering large quantities of liquid 滤池

filter-feeding n. Zool.  feeding by filtering out plankton or nutrients suspended in water 【动】滤食 □ filter-feeder  n.  

filter-paper n.  porous paper for filtering 滤纸

filter tip n.  1  a filter attached to a cigarette for removing impurities from the inhaled smoke (香烟的)过滤嘴 2  a cigarette with this 有过滤嘴的香烟 □ filter-tipped  adj.  

filth /filθ/ n.  1  repugnant or extreme dirt 污秽，污物 2  vileness, corruption, obscenity 卑鄙；败坏；下流，淫秽 3  foul or obscene language 脏话，下流话 4 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang offens.  the police [英] [俚语] [冒犯]警察 [Old English fyˉlth (as FOUL, -TH2)]

filthy /ˈfilθi/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (filthier, filthiest)  1  extremely or disgustingly dirty 极肮脏的；污秽的 2  obscene 下流的，淫秽的 3 Brit. colloq. (of weather) very unpleasant [英口] (天气)恶劣的 4  vile; disgraceful 卑鄙的，可耻的 ●adv.  1  filthily 污秽地；淫秽地  filthy dirty  污秽不堪 2 colloq.  extremely [口]非常，极  filthy rich  非常富有 □ filthily  adv.  □ filthiness  n.  

filthy lucre n.  1  dishonourable gain (Tit. 1:11) 不义之财(《提多书》 1:11) 2 joc.  money [诙]钱

filtrable var.  of FILTERABLE  FILTERABLE 的变体

filtrate /ˈfiltreit/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  filter 过滤 ●n.  filtered liquid 滤过的液体 □ filtration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin filtrare (as FILTER)]

fimbriate /ˈfimbrieit/ adj. (also 亦作 fimbri-ated)  1 Bot. & Zool.  fringed or bordered with hairs etc. 【植】【动】有毛缘的；有穗缘的 2 Heraldry  having a narrow border 【纹章学】有窄边的 [Latin fimbriatus from fimbriae ‘fringe’]

fin /fin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flattened appendage on various parts of the body of many aquatic vertebrates and some invertebrates, including fish and cetaceans, for propelling, steering, and balancing 鳍  dorsal fin  脊鳍 anal fin  臀鳍 2  a small projecting surface or attachment on an aircraft, rocket, or motor car for ensuring aerodynamic stability (飞机的)垂直(或水平)安定面，垂直尾翼；(火箭的)舵，尾翼；(汽车的)鳍状稳定板 3  an underwater swimmer's flipper (潜泳者的)脚蹼，鸭脚板，橡皮脚掌 4  a sharp lateral projection on the share or coulter of a plough 切角小前犁；鱼鳞板 5  a finlike projection on any device, for improving heat transfer etc. (装置上用于改善热传递等的)散热片 ●v. (finned, finning)  1 tr.  provide with fins 给…装上翅片(或鳍板等) 2 intr.  swim under water 在水下游泳 □ finless  adj.  □ finned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English fin(n)]

finable  see 见 FINE2 

finagle /fiˈneiɡ(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr. colloq.  act or obtain dishonestly [口]使用欺诈手段；诈取，骗得 □ finagler  n.   [dialect fainaigue ‘cheat’]

final /ˈfain(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  situated at the end, coming last 最后的，最终的 2  conclusive, decisive, unalterable, putting an end to doubt 结论性的，决定性的，不可更改的，确定性的 3  concerned with the purpose or end aimed at 与目的(或目标)有关的 ●n.  1  the last or deciding heat or game in sports or in a competition (比赛的)决赛  Cup Final  英足总杯决赛 2  the edition of a newspaper published latest in the day (当天最晚发行的)一版报纸，当天报纸的最后版 3  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  the series of examinations at the end of a degree course [英] (学位课的)结业考试，毕业考试b N. Amer.  an examination at the end of a term [北美]期终考试，期末考试 4 Mus.  the principal note in any mode 【音】(调式中的)主(调)音 □ finally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French or from Latin finalis from finis ‘end’]

final cause n. Philos.  the end towards which a thing naturally develops or at which an action aims 【哲】终极因，最终因；最终目的

final clause n. Gram.  a clause expressing purpose, introduced by in order that, lest, etc. 【语法】(由 in order that 、 lest 等引导的)目的从句

final drive n.  the last part of the transmission system in a motor vehicle (机动车的)主传动，最终传动

finale /fiˈnɑ:li/ n.  1  a  the last movement of an instrumental composition (器乐作品的)最后一乐章b  a piece of music closing an act in an opera (歌剧中)一幕的终曲 2  the close of a drama etc. (戏剧等的)终场，最后一幕 3  a conclusion 结尾，结局 [Italian (as FINAL)]

finalism /ˈfain(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that natural processes (e.g. evolution) are directed towards some goal (终极)目的论，终极因论 □ finalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

finalist /ˈfain(ə)list/ n.  a competitor in the final of a competition etc. 参加决赛者

finality /faiˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or fact of being final 终结性；决定性；定局 2  the belief that something is final (对事物终结性的)信念 3  a final act, state, or utterance 终极性言行(或状态) 4  the principle of final cause viewed as operative in the universe (终极)目的论 [French finalité from Late Latin finalitas -tatis (as FINAL)]

finalize /ˈfain(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  put into final form 确定…的最终形式 2  complete; bring to an end 完成，结束 3  approve the final form or details of 批准…的最终形式(或细节) □ finalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

final solution n.  the Nazi policy (1941 － 5) of exterminating European Jews 最后解决(指 1941 至 1945 年期间纳粹对欧洲犹太人的灭绝政策) [translation of German Endlösung]

finance /faiˈnæns, fi-; ˈfainæns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the management of (esp. public) money (尤指对公共资金的)财务管理；财政；金融 2  monetary support for an enterprise (对企业的)财政支持 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the money resources of a state, company, or person (国家、公司或个人的)财政资源 ●v. tr.  provide capital for (a person or enterprise) 为(个人或企业)提供资金 [Middle English from Old French, from finer ‘settle a debt’ from fin ‘end’: see FINE2]

finance company n. (also 亦作 finance house)  a company concerned mainly with providing money for hire purchase transactions (贷款给做分期付款交易者的)信贷公司，金融公司

financial /faiˈnænʃ(ə)l, fi-/ adj.  1  of finance 财政的，金融的 2 Austral. & NZ slang  possessing money [澳新] [俚语]拥有金钱的 □ financially  adv.  

financial year n. Brit.  a year as reckoned for taxing or accounting (e.g. the British tax year, reckoned from 6 April) [英]财政年度，会计年度

financier n. & v. ●n. /faiˈnænsiə, fi-/  a person engaged in large-scale finance 财政家，金融家 ●v. intr. /fainænˈsiə, fi-/ usu. derog.  conduct financial operations [通常贬] (以欺诈等手段)从事金融活动 [French (as FINANCE)]

fin-back n.  = FIN WHALE 

finch /fin(t)ʃ/ n.  any small seed-eating songbird esp. of the family Fringillidae, including crossbills, canaries, and chaffinches 雀科鸣鸟(如红交嘴雀、金翅雀、燕雀) [Old English finc, from West Germanic]

find /faind/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. found /faʊnd/)  1  a  discover by chance or effort (偶然)发现，碰上；(经努力)发现  found a key  找到一把钥匙b  become aware of 意识到，认识到c (absol. [含宾])  discover game, esp. a fox 发现猎物(尤指狐狸) 2  a  get possession of by chance (偶然)获得(或拥有)  found a treasure  偶获一批财宝b  obtain, receive 得到，收到  idea found acceptance  主意被接受了c  succeed in obtaining (成功地)获得  cannot find the money  筹措不到资金 can't find time to read  找不出时间阅读d  summon up 鼓起  found courage to protest  鼓起勇气抗议e Brit. slang  steal [英] [俚语]偷窃 3  a  seek out and provide 找出并供给  will find you a book  将为你找本书b  supply, furnish 供应，提供  each finds his own equipment  用具自理 4  ascertain by study or calculation or inquiry (经研究、计算或调查)确定，查明，弄清  could not find the answer  求不出答案 5  a  perceive or experience 察觉，发觉，感受到  find no sense in it  觉得它毫无意义 find difficulty in breathing  感到呼吸困难b (often in passive 常用被动)  recognize or discover to be present 认识到(或发现)…的存在  the word is not found in Shakespeare  这个词在莎士比亚的作品里找不到c  regard or discover from experience (凭经验)认为(或发现)  finds England too cold  发现英国太寒冷 you'll find it pays  你会发现这样做划得来 find it impossible to reply  发现无法作出答复 6 Law (of a jury, judge, etc.) decide and declare 【法律】(陪审团、法官等)作出判决，裁决；宣判  found him guilty  裁决他有罪 found that he had done it  裁定他犯了罪 found it murder  裁定此案为谋杀 7  reach by a natural or normal process (自然或正常地)到达  water finds its own level  水往低处流 8  a (of a letter) reach (a person) (信)到达(某人)b (of an address) be adequate to enable a letter etc. to reach (a person) (地址)足以使信等到达(某人) 9 archaic  reach the conscience of [古义]触及…的良知 ●n.  1  a  a discovery of treasure, minerals, etc. 发现(财宝、矿藏等)b Hunting  the finding of a fox 【狩猎】发现，找到(狐狸) 2  a thing or person discovered, esp. when of value 被发现的人(或物) (尤指有价值的) □ all found  Brit. (of an employee's wages) with board and lodging provided free [英] (指雇员的工资)外加免费食宿，(除工资外)食宿免费供给□ find against  Law  decide against (a person), judge to be guilty 【法律】作出不利于(某人)的裁决，判决(某人)有罪□ find fault   see 见 FAULT □ find favour   prove acceptable 证明可以接受□ find one's feet   1  become able to walk 能够行走 2  develop one's independent ability 发展自立能力□ find for  Law  decide in favour of (a person), judge to be innocent 【法律】作出有利于(某人)的裁决，判决(某人)无罪□ find it in one's heart  (esp. with neg. 尤与否定词连用 ; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  prevail upon oneself, be willing 说服自己(做某事)；意欲(做某事)；愿意(做某事)□ find oneself   1  discover that one is 发觉自己的处境；(不知不觉中)发现自己在做某事  woke to find myself in hospital  醒来后发现自己在医院里 found herself agreeing  发觉自己在表示同意 2  discover one's vocation 发现自己的才能(或特长)；找到自己能胜任的工作 3  provide for one's own needs 自己提供所需之物，所需之物自理□ find out   1  discover or detect (a wrongdoer etc.) 发现(或查出) (做坏事的人等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  get information 获得信息，得知  find out about holidays abroad  了解有关到国外度假的信息 3  discover 发现，找到  find out where we are  找出我们的位置 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  discover the truth, a fact, etc. 查明(事实、真相等)  he never found out  他从未弄清真相 5  devise 想出，猜想 6  solve 解决□ find one's way   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  manage to reach a place 设法到达某地 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  be brought or get 被带入；进入□ findable  adj.   [Old English findan, from Germanic]

finder /ˈfaində/ n.  1  a person who finds 发现者，找到者 2  a small telescope attached to a large one to locate an object for observation (安装在大望远镜上以寻找观察目标的)小望远镜，寻星镜 3  the viewfinder of a camera (照相机的)取景器 □ finders keepers  colloq.  whoever finds a thing is entitled to keep it [口]谁找到归谁

fin de siècle /fã də ˈsjekl(ə), 法 fɛ˜ də sjɛkl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  characteristic of the end of the nineteenth century 19 世纪末特有的 2  decadent 颓废的 ●n.  the end of a century, esp. the nineteenth century 世纪末(尤指 19 世纪末) [French, = end of century]

finding /ˈfaindiŋ/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a conclusion reached by an inquiry (通过调查得出的)结论，结果 2 (in pl. 用复数) US  small parts or tools used by workmen [美] (工人用的)小零件(或工具)

find-spot n. Archaeol.  the place where an object is found 【考古】文物发现地

fine1 /fain/ adj., n., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  of high quality 高质量的  fine fabrics  上好的织品 2  a  excellent; of notable merit 优秀的，杰出的；极好的  a fine painting  一张出色的画b  good, satisfactory 好的，令人满意的  that will be fine  那将太好了c  fortunate 幸运的  has been a fine thing for him  对他来说一直是件幸事d  well conceived or expressed 构想(或表达)得好的  a fine saying  一句构思精巧的格言 3  a  pure, refined 纯的，精炼的b (of gold or silver) containing a specified proportion of pure metal (指金或银)含量高的，纯净的 4  of handsome appearance or size; imposing, dignified (外表)漂亮的；硕大的；雄伟的；高贵的，庄严的  fine buildings  气势雄伟的建筑物 a person of fine presence  仪态高贵的人 5  in good health 健康的  I'm fine, thank you  我身体很好，谢谢 6 (of weather etc.) bright and clear with sunshine; free from rain (天气等)晴朗的；无雨的 7  a  thin; sharp 薄的；锋利的b  in small particles 颗粒微小的c  worked in slender thread 用细线精制的d (esp. of print) small (尤指印刷品)字体小的e (of a pen) narrow-pointed (笔)尖细的 8 Cricket  behind the wicket and near the line of flight of the ball 【板球】在三柱门后面的 9  tritely complimentary; euphemistic 恭维的；委婉的  say fine things about a person  恭维某人 call things by fine names  用好听的名称称呼某物 10  ornate, showy, smart 辞藻华丽的；炫耀的；时髦的 11  fastidious, dainty, pretending refinement; (of speech or writing) affectedly ornate 过分讲究的，挑剔的；假装优雅的；(讲话或写作)过于夸饰的 12  a  capable of delicate perception or discrimination 能感知(或区分)细微差别的b  perceptible only with difficulty 难于察觉的；细微的  a fine distinction  细微的差别 13  a  delicate, subtle, exquisitely fashioned 精致的；精湛的；精美的b (of feelings) refined, elevated (感情)细腻的，高尚的 14 (of wine or other goods) of a high standard; conforming to a specified grade (酒或其他货物)高标准的，达到一定等级的 ●n.  1  fine weather 好天气  in rain or fine  不管天晴或下雨 2 (in pl. 用复数)  very small particles in mining, milling, etc. (矿粉、磨粉等的)微小颗粒 ●adv.  1  finely 细小地；细微地；精巧地；难于察觉地 2 colloq.  very well [口]很好  suits me fine  对我很合适 ●v.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a tr.  make (beer or wine) clear 使(啤酒或葡萄酒)纯清，澄清b intr. (of liquid) become clear (液体)变清，变纯 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down, off)  make or become finer, thinner, or less coarse; dwindle or taper, or cause to do so (使)变得精细；(使)变得细小；(使)缩小 □ cut (or run) it fine   allow very little margin of time etc. (时间等)扣得很紧，几乎不留余地□ fine up  Austral. colloq. (of the weather) become fine [澳口] (天气)变晴□ not to put too fine a point on it  (as a parenthetic remark) to speak bluntly (作插入语)坦率地说，说实话□ finely  adv.  □ fineness  n.   [Middle English from Old French fin, ultimately from Latin finire ‘finish’]

fine2 /fain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sum of money exacted as a penalty 罚金，罚款 2 hist.  a sum of money paid by an incoming tenant in return for the rent's being small [史义] (新佃户因租金较低而交纳的)钱款 ●v. tr.  punish by a fine 处…以罚金  fined him £ 5  罚了他 5 英镑 □ in fine   to sum up; in short 最后，总而言之□ finable  /ˈfainəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French fin and medieval Latin finis ‘sum paid on settling a lawsuit’ from Latin finis ‘end’]

fine3 /fi:n/ n.  = FINE CHAMPAGNE  [abbreviation]

fine arts n. pl.  those appealing to the mind or to the sense of beauty, as poetry, music, and esp. painting, sculpture, and architecture 美感艺术(如诗歌、音乐，尤指绘画、雕刻和建筑)

fine champagne /fi:n ʃɒ˜ˈpɑ:nj(ə), 法 fin ʃɑ˜paɲ/ n.  old liqueur brandy 上等法国白兰地酒 [French, = fine (brandy from) Champagne (vineyards in Charente)]

fine chemicals n. pl.  chemicals of high purity usu. used in small amounts (通常指少量使用的)高纯度化学(药)品

fine-draw v. tr.  sew together (two pieces of cloth, edges of a tear, parts of a garment) so that the join is imperceptible 把(两块布料或裂边或衣服的各部分)密缝在一起，细缝在一块

fine-drawn adj.  1  extremely thin 极细的 2  subtle 微妙的，细微的

Fine Gael /fi:nə ˈɡeil/ n.  one of the two major political parties of the Republic of Ireland 统一党(爱尔兰共和国的两大政党之一) [Irish, literally ‘tribe of Gaels’]

fine-grained adj.  having a fine grain; consisting of small particles 有细密纹理的；由微粒构成的

fine print n.  detailed printed information, esp. in legal documents, instructions, etc. (尤指印于法律文件、说明书等中的)详细信息，细则

finery1 /ˈfain(ə)ri/ n.  showy dress or decoration 华丽的衣服(或装饰) [FINE1 + -ERY, on the pattern of BRAVERY]

finery2 /ˈfainəri/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a hearth where pig-iron was converted into wrought iron [史义] (把生铁炼成熟铁的)炉子，精炼炉 [French finerie from finer ‘refine’]

fines herbes /fi:nz ˈɛəb, 法 finz ɛrb/ n. pl.  mixed herbs used in cooking, esp. chopped as omelette-flavouring (数种菜切碎后混合而成的)摊蛋调味香菜 [French, = fine herbs]

fine-spun adj.  1  delicate 细纺的，精纺的；脆弱的 2 (of a theory etc.) too subtle, unpractical (理论等)过于精细的，过分琐碎的；不实用的

finesse /fiˈnes/ n. & v. ●n.  1  refinement 精妙，精细 2  subtle or delicate manipulation (巧妙的)应付，处理，对付 3  artfulness, esp. in handling a difficulty tactfully (尤指在机智地处理难题方面的)技巧，策略，手段 4 Cards  an attempt to win a trick with a card that is not the highest held 【牌戏】飞牌，飞张(打出手中并非最大的牌以赢得一墩的手法) ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  use or achieve by finesse 用手段应付；施展巧计；用策略实现 2 Cards 【牌戏】  a intr.  make a finesse 飞牌，飞b tr.  play (a card) by way of finesse 用(牌张)飞 3 tr.  evade or trick by finesse 用计逃脱；耍手腕哄骗(或戏弄) [French, related to FINE1]

fine-tooth comb n.  a comb with narrow close-set teeth 细齿梳子 □ go over with a fine-tooth comb   check or search thoroughly 彻底检查(或搜查)

fine-tune v. tr.  make small adjustments to (a mechanism etc.) in order to obtain the best possible results 对(机械等)微调(以得到最佳效果)，细调 □ fine tuning  n.  

finger /ˈfiŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the terminal projections of the hand (including or excluding the thumb) 手指(包括或不包括大拇指) 2  the part of a glove etc. intended to cover a finger (手套等)套手指的部分 3  a  a finger-like object 指状物  fish finger  裹着面包屑或面糊的长方形鱼肉条，鱼条b  a long narrow structure 长而窄的结构 4 colloq.  a measure of liquor in a glass, based on the breadth of a finger [口] (杯中)深度为一指宽的酒的容量 5 slang [俚语]  a  an informer 告密者b Brit.  a pickpocket [英]扒手c Brit.  a police officer [英]警察 ●v. tr.  1  touch, feel, or turn about with the fingers (用手指)触摸，拨弄 2 Mus. 【音】  a  play (a passage) with fingers used in a particular way 用某种指法弹(一段音乐)b  mark (music) with signs showing which fingers are to be used 给(乐谱)标明指法符号c  play upon (an instrument) with the fingers 用手指弹拨(乐器) 3 N. Amer. slang  indicate (a victim, or a criminal to the police) [北美] [俚语] (向警察)指明(受害人或罪犯) □ all fingers and thumbs  Brit.  clumsy [英]笨手笨脚□ get (or pull) one's finger out  Brit. slang  cease prevaricating and start to act [英] [俚语]停止推诿，开始行动起来□ give a person the finger  slang  make a gesture with the middle finger raised as an obscene sign of contempt [俚语]向某人竖起中指(以示轻蔑)；侮辱某人；恶意地对待某人□ have a finger in the pie   be (esp. officiously) concerned in the matter (尤指多管闲事地)参与(或插手)某事□ lay a finger on   touch however slightly 动…一根毫毛；触碰□ put one's finger on   locate or identify exactly 确切地找出(或辨认出)□ put the finger on  slang [俚语]  1  inform against 告发，检举 2  identify (an intended victim) 指明(或确定) (要袭击的目标)□ twist (or wind) round (or US [美] around) one's finger (or little finger)   persuade (a person) without difficulty, dominate (a person) completely 轻而易举地说服(某人)；完全控制(某人)□ work one's fingers to the bone   see 见 BONE □ fingered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ fingerless  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

finger alphabet n.  a form of sign language using the fingers to spell out words 手势语字母

fingerboard /ˈfiŋɡəbɔ:d/ n.  a flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to create different tones (弦乐器的)指板

finger bowl n. (also 亦作 finger glass)  a small bowl for rinsing the fingers during a meal (就餐过程中洗手指用的)洗指碗

finger-dry v. tr.  dry and style (the hair) by repeatedly running one's fingers through it 用手指不停地梳理(头发)以使其晾干并定型

fingering1 /ˈfiŋɡ(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  a manner or technique of using the fingers, esp. to play an instrument (尤指弹奏乐器的)指法 2  an indication of this in a musical score 指法符号

fingering2 /ˈfiŋɡ(ə)riŋ/ n.  fine wool for knitting (编织用的)细绒线 [earlier fingram, perhaps from French fin grain, as GROGRAM from gros grain]

finger language n.  language expressed by means of the finger alphabet 手势语

fingerling /ˈfiŋɡəliŋ/ n.  a parr 幼鲑

fingermark /ˈfiŋɡəmɑ:k/ n.  a mark left on a surface by a finger 指迹，指痕

fingernail /ˈfiŋɡəneil/ n.  the nail at the tip of each finger 手指甲

finger-paint n. & v. ●n.  paint that can be applied with the fingers 作手指画用的颜料 ●v. intr.  apply paint with the fingers 用手指作画

fingerpick /ˈfiŋɡəpik/ n. & v. ●n.  a plectrum worn on a finger (戴在手指上弹奏弦乐器用的)拨子，琴拨 ●v. intr. & tr.  play (a guitar etc., music) using a fingerpick 用(戴在手指上的)拨子弹奏(吉他等乐曲)

finger-plate n.  a plate fixed to a door above the handle to prevent fingermarks (为防止留下指污而在门把手上方安装的)指痕防护板，手污防护板

finger-post n.  a signpost at a road junction (道路交汇处的)指路牌；指向柱

fingerprint /ˈfiŋɡəprint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an impression made on a surface by the fingertips, esp. as used for identifying individuals 指纹 2  a distinctive characteristic 区别性特征，与众不同的特征 ●v. tr.  record the fingerprints of (a person) 取下(某人)的指纹

finger-stall n.  a cover to protect a finger, esp. when injured (尤指手指受伤后带的)护指套

fingertip /ˈfiŋɡətip/ n.  the tip of a finger 指尖 □ have at one's fingertips   be thoroughly familiar with (a subject etc.) 精通，熟悉(科目等)

finial /ˈfiniəl, ˈfain-/ n. Archit. 【建】  1  an ornament finishing off the apex of a roof, pediment, gable, tower-corner, canopy, etc. 叶尖饰，尖顶饰 2  the topmost part of a pinnacle (小尖塔的)顶部 [Middle English via Old French fin from Latin finis ‘end’]

finical /ˈfinik(ə)l/ adj.  = FINICKY  □ finicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ finically  adv.  □ finicalness  n.   [16th c.: probably originally university slang from FINE1 + -ICAL]

finicking /ˈfinikiŋ/ adj.  = FINICKY  [FINICAL + -ING2]

finicky /ˈfiniki/ adj.  1  over-particular, fastidious 过分讲究的，爱挑剔的 2  needing much attention to detail; fiddly 需特别注重细节的，需谨慎对待的 □ finickiness  n.  

finis /ˈfi:nis, ˈfinis, ˈfainis/ n.  1 (at the end of a book) the end 结尾，终结(常印在书的结尾，表示“本书完”) 2  the end of anything, esp. of life (尤指生命的)终止 [Latin]

finish /ˈfiniʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  bring to an end; come to the end of; complete 结束，完毕；完成b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off) colloq.  kill; overcome completely [口]杀死；彻底制服c (often foll. by 常后跟 off, up)  consume or get through the whole or the remainder of (food or drink) 吃完(或喝完) (所有的食物或饮料)；扫光  finish up your dinner  吃完你的饭 2 intr.  a  come to an end, cease 结束，停止b  reach the end, esp. of a race 到达(尤指比赛的)终点c  = finish up  3 tr.  a  complete the manufacture of (cloth, woodwork, etc.) by surface treatment 经过表面处理完成(布料、木器等的)制作b  put the final touches to; make perfect or highly accomplished 给…做最后加工；使完善，使完美无缺  finished manners  完美的举止c  prepare (a girl) for entry into fashionable society 为(女子)进入社交界作准备 ●n.  1  a  the end, the last stage 结尾，最后阶段b  the point at which a race etc. ends (赛跑等的)终点c  the death of a fox in a hunt (狩猎中)狐狸的死亡  be in at the finish  最后猎获猎物时亲自在场；在某事结束时亲自在场 2  a method, material, or texture used for surface treatment of wood, cloth, etc. 用于处理木头(或布料等)表面的方法(或材料)  mahogany finish  红木饰面 3  what serves to give completeness 使…完美的事物 4  an accomplished or completed state 完美(或完成)的状态 □ fight to the finish   fight till one party is completely beaten 战斗到一方彻底失败为止□ finish off   provide with an ending 结束，完成□ finish up  (often foll. by 常后跟 in, by) esp. Brit.  end in something, end by doing something [尤英]以…而结束，以…而告终  he finished up last in the race  他在赛跑中倒数第一 the plan finished up in the waste-paper basket  那个计划最终被扔进了废纸篓 finished up by apologizing  以道歉而告终□ finish with   have no more to do with, complete one's use of or association with 与…断绝关系；不再使用(或不再有联系) [Middle English via Old French fenir from Latin finire, from finis ‘end’]

finisher /ˈfiniʃə/ n.  1  a person who finishes something 做完某事的人 2  a worker or machine doing the last operation in manufacture 完工者；精整工；精轧机，修整机 3 colloq.  a discomfiting thing, a crushing blow, etc. [口]摧毁性的事件；毁灭性打击

finishing school n.  a private college where girls are prepared for entry into fashionable society 精修学校(为女子进入社交界作准备的一种私立学校)

finishing stroke n.  a coup de grɑˆce; a final and fatal stroke 最后致命的一击

finishing touch n. (also 亦作 finishing touches pl.)  the final details completing and enhancing a piece of work etc. (对一件作品等的)最后润色(或加工)

finite /ˈfainait/ adj.  1  limited, bounded; not infinite 有限的；有限制的；有限度的 2 Gram. (of a part of a verb) having a specific number and person 【语法】(动词形式在数与人称上)限定的 3  not infinitely small 非无限小的，有限的，有尽的，有穷的 □ finitely  adv.  □ finiteness  n.  □ finitude  /ˈfinitju:d/ n.   [Latin finitus, past part. of finire FINISH]

finitism /ˈfainaitiz(ə)m/ n.  belief in the finiteness of the world, God, etc. 有穷论，有限论 □ finitist  n.  

fink /fiŋk/ n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n.  1  an unpleasant person 讨厌的家伙，讨厌鬼 2  an informer 告密者，告发者 3  a strike-breaker; a blackleg 破坏罢工者，工贼 ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on)  inform on 告密，告发 2  a (foll. by 后跟 out)  back out of something 从某事中撤出，退出b (foll. by 后跟 out on)  back out of (a thing); let (a person) down 从(某事)中撤出；背弃，食言；出卖；对(某人)失约 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Finland   芬兰

Finlandization /finləndaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation) hist.  the economic policy of favouring (or at least not opposing) the interests of the former Soviet Union (as allegedly pursued by Finland from 1944) [史义]芬兰化(指支持或至少不反对前苏联利益的经济政策。据传从 1944 年起芬兰就推行这一政策) □ Finlandize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [translation of German Finnlandisierung]

Finn /fin/ n.  a native or national of Finland; a person of Finnish descent 芬兰人；有芬兰血统的人 [Old English Finnas pl.]

finnan /ˈfinən/ n. (in full 全称 finnan haddock)  a haddock cured with the smoke of green wood, turf, or peat 熏鳕鱼 [Findhorn or Findon in Scotland]

finnesko /ˈfinəskəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a boot of tanned reindeer skin with the hair on the outside 翻毛鹿皮鞋 [Norwegian finnsko (as FINN, sko SHOE)]

Finnic /ˈfinik/ adj.  1  of the group of peoples related to the Finns 芬兰人的 2  of the group of languages including Finnish and Estonian 芬兰语族的(包括芬兰语和爱沙尼亚语)

Finnish /ˈfiniʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the Finns or their language 芬兰人的；芬兰语的 ●n.  the language of the Finns 芬兰语

Finno-Ugric /finəʊˈu:ɡrik, -ˈju:ɡrik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Finno-Ugrian /-ˈu:ɡriən, -ˈju:ɡriən/) ●adj.  belonging to the group of Ural-Altaic languages including Finnish, Estonian, Lapp, and Magyar 芬兰－乌戈尔语族的(包括芬兰语、爱沙尼亚语、拉普语和马扎尔语) ●n.  this group 芬兰－乌戈尔语族

finny /ˈfini/ adj.  1  having fins; like a fin 有鳍的；鳍状的 2 poet.  of or teeming with fish [诗]鱼的；多鱼的

fino /ˈfi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a light-coloured dry sherry (淡色而无甜味的)雪利酒 [Spanish, = fine]

fin whale n.  a large rorqual, Balaenoptera physalus, with a prominent dorsal fin 长须鲸

Fiona /fiˈəunə/   菲奥纳 [人名]

fiord var.  of FJORD  FJORD 的变体

fioritura /fiˌɔ:riˈtʊərə/ n. (pl. fioriture pronunc. same 单复发音同) Mus.  the usu. improvised decoration of a melody 【音】花音，装饰音 [Italian, = flowering, from fiorire ‘to flower’]

fipple /ˈfip(ə)l/ n.  a plug at the mouth-end of a wind instrument (管乐器的)音柱；哨子头 [17th c.: origin unknown]

fipple flute n.  a flute played by blowing endwise, e.g. a recorder 哨笛，直笛

fir /fɜ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 fir tree)  any evergreen coniferous tree, esp. of the genus Abies, with needles borne singly on the stems (cf. 参见 PINE 1) 冷杉属针叶常绿树；枞，冷杉 2  the wood of the fir 枞木，冷杉木 □ firry  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Old Norse fyri-, from Germanic]

fir cone n. Brit.  the fruit of the fir [英]冷杉的球果

fire /ˈfaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the state or process of combustion, in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the air and usu. give out bright light and heat 燃烧；火b  the active principle operative in this (燃烧状态的)燃料；引火物c  flame or incandescence 火焰；白炽光 2  a conflagration, a destructive burning 大火，火灾  forest fire  森林火灾 3  a  burning fuel in a grate, furnace, etc. 炉火b Brit. [英]  = ELECTRIC FIRE c  = GAS FIRE  4  firing of guns (枪炮的)射击，开火；炮火，火力 5  a  fervour, spirit, vivacity 热情，热心；活泼，有生气b  poetic inspiration, lively imagination (诗的)灵感；生动的想像c  vehement emotion 强烈的感情 6  burning heat, fever 发烧，发热 7  luminosity, glow 发光，闪光；光辉  St Elmo's fire  暴风雨中桅顶、塔尖等上出现的电击发光，天电光球 ●v.  1  a tr.  discharge (a gun etc.) 开(枪炮等)b tr.  propel (a missile) from a gun etc. (从枪炮等中)射出(枪弹、炮弹)c intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, into, on)  fire a gun or missile 开枪，开炮；发射火箭d tr.  produce (a broadside, salute, etc.) by discharge of guns 鸣枪炮以示敬意，鸣礼炮；舷炮齐射e intr. (of a gun etc.) be discharged (枪炮等)射击 2 tr.  cause (explosive) to explode 使(炸药)爆炸 3 tr.  deliver or utter in rapid succession 急速而连续地发出(或说出)  fired insults at us  连珠炮似地对我们说侮辱的话 4 tr. slang  dismiss (an employee) from a job [俚语]开除(雇员)，解雇 5 tr.  a  set fire to with the intention of destroying 纵火，故意放火b  kindle (explosives) 点燃(炸药) 6 intr.  catch fire 着火，开始燃烧 7 intr. (of an internal-combustion engine, or a cylinder in one) undergo ignition of its fuel (内燃机或内燃机汽缸)点火；发动 8 tr.  supply (a furnace, engine, boiler, or power station) with fuel 给(炉子、引擎、锅炉或电站)提供燃料 9 tr.  a  stimulate (the imagination or an emotion) 激发(想像力或情感)b  fill (a person) with enthusiasm 使(某人)充满激情 10 tr.  a  bake or dry (pottery, bricks, etc.) 烧制(陶器、砖等)b  cure (tea or tobacco) by artificial heat 焙，烘制(茶叶或烟草) 11 intr.  become heated or excited 激动；愤怒 12 tr.  cause to glow or redden 使发光；使发红 □ catch fire   begin to burn 着火，开始燃烧□ fire and brimstone   the supposed torments of hell (想像中的)地狱之苦□ fire away  colloq.  begin; go ahead [口]开始；继续□ fire up   1 colloq. [口]  a  stimulate, fill with enthusiasm, excite 激发；充满激情；激动b  start up (an engine etc.) 发动(引擎等) 2  show sudden anger 突然发怒□ go on fire  Sc. & Ir.  catch fire [苏格兰和爱尔兰]开始燃烧，着火□ go through fire and water   face all perils 赴汤蹈火□ on fire   1  burning 着火的；燃烧着 2  excited 激动的□ set fire to (or set on fire)   ignite, kindle, cause to burn 点燃，使燃烧□ set the world (or Brit. [英] Thames) on fire   do something remarkable or sensational 做惊人(或轰动)之事□ take fire   catch fire 着火，开始燃烧□ under fire  (often prec. by 常前接 come)  1  being shot at 遭到射击 2  being rigorously criticized or questioned 受到严厉的批评；受到严格的审讯□ fireless  adj.  □ firer  n.   [Old English fyˉr, fyˉrian, from West Germanic]

fire alarm n.  a device for giving warning of fire 火警报警器

firearm /ˈfaiərɑ:m/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a gun, esp. a pistol or rifle 枪支(尤指手枪或步枪)

fireback /ˈfaiəbæk/ n.  1  a  the back wall of a fireplace 壁炉的后壁b  an iron sheet for this 作壁炉后壁的铁板 2  a SE Asian pheasant of the genus Lophura 鹇，南豆雉(一种产于东南亚的野鸡)

fireball /ˈfaiəbɔ:l/ n.  1  a large meteor 火流星 2  a ball of flame, esp. from a nuclear explosion (尤指核爆炸产生的)火球 3  an energetic person 精力充沛的人 4  ball lightning 球状闪电(闪电时偶尔出现的火团) 5 Mil. hist.  a ball filled with combustibles 【军】[史义]燃烧弹

fire-balloon n.  a balloon made buoyant by the heat of a fire burning at its mouth 热(空气)气球

fire blight n.  a disease of plants, esp. hops and fruit trees, causing a scorched appearance 梨火疫(一种使葎草和果树等枝叶枯焦的植物传染病)

firebomb /ˈfaiəbɒm/ n. & v. ●n.  an incendiary bomb 燃烧弹 ●v. tr.  attack or destroy with a firebomb 用燃烧弹袭击(或摧毁)

firebox /ˈfaiəbɒks/ n.  the fuel-chamber of a steam engine or boiler (蒸汽机或锅炉的)燃烧室，炉膛

firebrand /ˈfaiəbrænd/ n.  1  a piece of burning wood 燃烧的木头 2  a cause of trouble, esp. a person causing unrest 动乱的起因(尤指引起动乱的人)

firebreak /ˈfaiəbreik/ n.  an obstacle to the spread of fire in a forest etc., esp. an open space 防火障(尤指森林中防止火势蔓延的一片空地)

firebrick /ˈfaiəbrik/ n.  a fireproof brick used in a grate 耐火砖

fire brigade n. esp. Brit.  an organized body of firemen trained and employed to extinguish fires [尤英]消防队

firebug /ˈfaiəbʌɡ/ n. colloq.  a pyromaniac [口]放火狂，纵火狂

fireclay /ˈfaiəklei/ n.  clay capable of withstanding high temperatures, often used to make firebricks (常用于制作耐火砖的)耐火黏土

fire company n.  1  = FIRE BRIGADE  2 Brit.  a fire-insurance company [英]火(灾)保险公司

fire-control n.  a system of regulating the fire of a ship's or a fort's guns 射击控制，火力控制(控制舰船或要塞火炮射击或火力的系统)

firecracker /ˈfaiəkrækə/ n. esp. N. Amer.  an explosive firework; a banger [尤北美]爆竹，鞭炮

firecrest /ˈfaiəkrest/ n.  a warbler, Regulus ignicapillus, of European woodland, with a red and orange crest 火冠戴菊(莺科戴菊属。一种产于欧洲丛林地带的鸣禽，冠部颜色为红色和橘黄色相间)

firedamp /ˈfaiədæmp/ n.  a miners' name for methane, which is explosive when mixed in certain proportions with air 甲烷，沼气，(矿工所称的)瓦斯(与一定比例的空气混合会发生爆炸)

fire department n. US [美]  = FIRE BRIGADE 

firedog /ˈfaiədɒɡ/ n.  a metal support for burning wood or for a grate or fire-irons (壁炉的)薪架；炉栅架；(放火炉用具的)铁架

fire door n.  a fire-resistant door to prevent the spread of fire 防火安全门

fire-drake /ˈfaiədreik/ n. (in Germanic mythology) a fiery dragon (德国神话中的)喷火龙 [FIRE + drake from Old English draca, via West Germanic from Latin draco DRAGON]

fire drill n.  1  a rehearsal of the procedures to be used in case of fire 消防演习 2  a primitive device for kindling fire with a stick and wood (原始的)钻木取火器具

fire-eater n.  1  a conjuror who appears to swallow fire 吞火魔术师 2  a person fond of quarrelling or fighting 爱吵架的人，爱打斗的人

fire engine n.  a vehicle carrying equipment for fighting large fires 消防车，救火车

fire escape n.  an emergency staircase or apparatus for escape from a building on fire (建筑物中供失火时逃生用的)太平梯；紧急出口

fire extinguisher n.  an apparatus with a jet for discharging liquid chemicals, water, or foam to extinguish a fire 灭火器

firefight /ˈfaiəfait/ n.  a fight using firearms, a gun battle 交火，枪战，炮战

firefighter /ˈfaiəfaitə/ n.  a person whose task is to extinguish fires 消防人员 □ fire-fighting  n. & attrib. adj.  

firefly /ˈfaiəflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any soft-bodied beetle of the glow-worm family Lampyridae, emitting phosphorescent light, usu. in flashes 萤火虫

fireguard /ˈfaiəɡɑ:d/ n.  1  a protective screen or grid placed in front of a fireplace (壁炉前放置的)炉栏，炉挡 2 N. Amer.  a fire-watcher [北美]火灾(尤指炸弹引起的火灾)警戒员 3 N. Amer.  a firebreak [北美]防火障，防火带，防火线

fire hose n.  a hosepipe used in extinguishing fires 消防水带，水龙(软管)

firehouse /ˈfaiəhaʊs/ n. US  a fire station [美]消防站

fire-irons n. pl.  tongs, poker, and shovel, for tending a domestic fire 火炉用具(如火钳、通条、铲子)

firelight /ˈfaiəlait/ n.  light from a fire in a fireplace (壁炉发出的)火光 [Old English fyr-leoht (as FIRE, LIGHT1)]

firelighter /ˈfaiəlaitə/ n. Brit.  a piece of inflammable material to help start a fire in a grate [英] (生炉子用的)引火物

firelock /ˈfaiəlɒk/ n. hist.  a musket in which the priming was ignited by sparks [史义]明火枪，燧发枪

fireman /ˈfaiəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a member of a fire brigade; a person employed to extinguish fires 消防队员 2  a person who tends a furnace or the fire of a steam engine or steamship 司炉工，烧火工人

fire-office n. Brit.  a fire-insurance company [英]火(灾)保险公司

fire-opal n.  girasol 火蛋白石

fireplace /ˈfaiəpleis/ n. Archit. 【建】  1  a place for a domestic fire, esp. a grate or hearth at the base of a chimney (尤指位于烟囱底部的)壁炉；室内生火取暖处 2  a structure surrounding this 环绕室内取暖用火的结构 3  the area in front of this 壁炉前面的空地，炉前

fireplug /ˈfaiəplʌɡ/ n.  a hydrant for a fire hose 消防栓，消防龙头，灭火塞

firepower /ˈfaiəpaʊə/ n.  1  the destructive capacity of guns etc. 火力 2  financial, intellectual, or emotional strength 财力；智力；感情力量

fire practice n. Brit.  a fire drill [英]消防演习

fireproof /ˈfaiəpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj.  able to resist fire or great heat 防火的，耐火的 ●v. tr.  make fireproof 使防火，使耐火

fire-raiser n. Brit.  an arsonist [英]纵火者，放火者 □ fire-raising  n.  

fire screen n.  1  a screen to keep off the direct heat of a fire 挡火隔板 2  a fireguard 炉栏 3  an ornamental screen for a fireplace (壁炉的)装饰隔板

fireship /ˈfaiəʃip/ n. hist.  a ship loaded with combustibles and set adrift to ignite an enemy's ships etc. [史义] (装有易燃物、漂向并点燃敌船的)火攻船

fireside /ˈfaiəsaid/ n.  1  the area round a fireplace 炉边 2  a person's home or home life 家；家庭生活

fireside chat n.  an informal talk 炉边谈话，不拘形式的谈话

fire station n.  the headquarters of a fire brigade 消防站

fire-step n.  = FIRING-STEP 

fire-stone n.  stone that resists fire, used for furnaces etc. (建火炉等用的)耐火岩石

firestorm /ˈfaiəstɔ:m/ n.  a very intense and destructive fire (usu. one caused by bombing) in which strong currents of air are drawn into the blaze from the surrounding area (通常指轰炸引起的)风暴性大火

firethorn /ˈfaiəθɔ:n/ n.  = PYRACANTHA 

fire-tongs n. pl.  tongs for picking up pieces of coal etc. in tending a fire (司炉时夹起煤块等用的)火钳

fire trap n.  a building without proper provision for escape in case of fire 失火时无适当设施以供逃生的建筑物，无太平门的建筑物

fire-walker n.  a person who takes part in fire-walking 渡火者

fire-walking n.  the (often ceremonial) practice of walking barefoot over hot stones, wood ashes, etc. 渡火(赤脚在灼热的石头、木炭灰等上面行走，常作为一种仪式)

fire warden n. N. Amer.  a person employed to prevent or extinguish fires [北美]消防人员

fire-watcher n.  a person keeping watch for fires, esp. those caused by bombs 火灾(尤指炸弹引起的火灾)警戒员 □ fire-watching  n.  

firewater /ˈfaiəwɔ:tə/ n. colloq.  strong alcoholic liquor [口]烈酒

fireweed /ˈfaiəwi:d/ n.  any of several plants that spring up on burnt land, esp. the rosebay willowherb 在烧过的土地上生出的草类(尤指柳叶菜等)

firewood /ˈfaiəwʊd/ n.  wood for use as fuel 木柴，烧柴

firework /ˈfaiəwɜ:k/ n.  1  a device containing combustible chemicals that cause explosions or spectacular effects 爆竹；烟火 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  an outburst of passion, esp. anger 激情(尤指愤怒)的迸发b  a display of wit or brilliance 机智(或才华)的表现

firing /ˈfaiəriŋ/ n.  1  the discharging of guns 开枪，开炮；开火，射击 2  material for a fire, fuel (火燃烧用的)燃料 3  the heating process which hardens clay into pottery etc. (使黏土硬化成陶器等的)焙烧，加热

firing line n.  1  the front line in a battle 火线，射击线 2  the leading part in an activity etc. (活动等的)第一线

firing party n.  a group detailed to fire the salute at a military funeral (军人葬礼上的)鸣枪队

firing squad n.  1  a group detailed to shoot a condemned person (对判处死刑的人执行枪决的)行刑队 2  a firing-party (军人葬礼上的)鸣枪队

firing-step n.  a step on which soldiers in a trench stand to fire (战壕内士兵射击时用的)踏台

firkin /ˈfɜ:kin/ n.  1  a small cask for liquids, butter, fish, etc. (盛液体、黄油、鱼等的)小桶 2 Brit. (as a measure of beer etc.) half a kilderkin (usu. 9 imperial gallons or about 41 litres) [英]费尔金(啤酒等的容量单位，等于半基尔德坎，通常合 9 加仑或约 41 升) [Middle English ferdekyn, probably from the Middle Dutch diminutive of vierde ‘fourth’]

firm1 /fɜ:m/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  a  of solid or compact structure 坚硬的；坚实的；结实的b  fixed, stable 牢固的，稳固的c  steady; not shaking 稳定的，不摇晃的 2  a  resolute, determined 坚决的，下定决心的b  not easily shaken 坚定的，不动摇的  firm belief  坚定的信念c  steadfast, constant 忠贞不渝的，忠实的  a firm friend  忠实的朋友 3  a (of an offer etc.) not liable to cancellation after acceptance (报价等)不能取消的b (of a decree, law, etc.) established, immutable (政令、法律等)确定的，不可改变的 4 Commerce (of prices or goods) maintaining their level or value 【商业】(价格)稳定的；(货物)不贬值的 ●adv.  firmly 稳固地；坚定地  stand firm  站稳 hold firm to  坚守，坚持 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make or become firm, secure, compact, or solid (使)变硬；(使)变坚实；(使)变稳固，(使)变牢固；(使)变坚定 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  fix (plants) firmly in the soil 把(植物)牢牢地栽到土壤里 □ firmly  adv.  □ firmness  n.   [Middle English via Old French ferme from Latin firmus]

firm2 /fɜ:m/ n.  1  a  a business concern 商号，商行，公司b  the partners in such a concern (商号的)合伙人 2  a group of persons working together, esp. of hospital doctors and assistants (尤指由医生及其助手组成的)工作小组 [earlier = signature, business name: Spanish and Italian firma via medieval Latin from Latin firmare ‘confirm by signature’, from firmus FIRM1]

firmament /ˈfɜ:məm(ə)nt/ n. literary  the sky regarded as a vault or arch [文学用语]苍穹，天空 □ firmamental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin firmamentum, from firmare ‘confirm’ (as FIRM2)]

firman /ˈfɜ:mən, fɜ:ˈmɑ:n/ n.  1  an oriental sovereign's edict (东方君主的)诏书，敕令 2  a grant or permit 同意，许可 [Persian fermɑˉn, Sanskrit pramɑˉnam ‘right measure, standard, authority’]

firmware /ˈfɜ:mwɛə/ n. Computing  a permanent kind of software programmed into a read-only memory 【计算】固件，固化软件(指编程至计算机只读存贮器中的一种固定软件)

firry  see 见 FIR 

first /fɜ:st/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  earliest in time or order 最早的，最先的，最初的；第一的b  coming next after a specified or implied time (某时间之后)第一个到来的  shall take the first train  将乘下一趟火车 the first cuckoo  布谷鸟的第一声咕咕叫 2  foremost in position, rank, or importance (地位、级别)最高的；首要的  First Lord of the Treasury  财政大臣 first mate  商船上的大副 3 Mus.  performing the highest or chief of two or more parts for the same instrument or voice 【音】唱(或演奏)高声部的 4  most willing or likely 最愿意的；最可能的  should be the first to admit the difficulty  应该是最愿意承认困难的人 5  basic or evident 基本的；明显的  first principles  基本原理 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the person or thing first mentioned or occurring (提到的)第一个人；(提到或发生的)第一件事 2  the first occurrence of something notable (显著事件的)首次发生 3 Brit. [英]  a  a place in the first class in an examination (考试中的)优等b  a person having this 考试获优等的人 4  the first day of a month (月份的)第一天 5  first gear (汽车等的)第一挡，头挡，最低挡 6  a  first place in a race (比赛中的)第一名，冠军b  the winner of this (比赛中)获得冠军的人 7 (in pl. 用复数)  goods of the best quality 优质商品，一等(或一级)商品 ●adv.  1  before any other person or thing 第一，在首位  first of all  首先，第一 first and foremost  首要的是，首先 first come first served  先到者先受招待(或先到先供应) 2  before someone or something else 先，首先  must get this done first  必须先做完这件事 3  for the first time 第一次，首次  when did you first see her?  你第一次看见她是什么时候？ 4  in preference; rather 宁愿，宁可  will see him damned first  宁愿看见他下地狱 5 Brit.  first-class [英]乘坐头等车(或舱等)  I usually travel first  我通常乘坐头等车旅行 □ at first   at the beginning 起先，起初，开始时□ at first hand   directly from the original source 第一手的；直接的□ first and last   taking one thing with another, on the whole 总的看来，总之□ first off  esp. US colloq.  at first, first of all [尤美口]一开始，首先□ first or last   sooner or later 迟早□ first things first   the most important things before any others 最重要的事，重中之重  we must do first things first  我们必须先做最要紧的事□ first up  Austral.  first of all; at the first attempt [澳]首先；第一次尝试时□ from the first   from the beginning 从一开始□ from first to last   throughout 自始至终，一贯□ get to first base  US  achieve the first step towards an objective [美] (朝目标)迈出第一步，初步成功□ in the first place   as the first consideration 作为根本缘由；首先□ of the first water   see 见 WATER  [Old English fyrst, from Germanic]

first aid n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  help given to an injured person until proper medical treatment is available 急救处理 □ first aider  n.  

first blood  see 见 BLOOD 

first-born adj. & n. ●adj.  eldest (子女)头生的，最长的 ●n.  the eldest child of a person 长子(或长女)

First Cause n.  the Creator of the universe 造物主，上帝

first class n.  1  a set of persons or things grouped together as the best 最好的一批人(或物)，一流的人(或物) 2  the best accommodation in a train, ship, etc. (火车、轮船等的)头等车厢(或船舱) 3  the class of mail given priority in handling 优先投递的邮件 4 Brit. [英]  a  the highest division in an examination list 考试成绩单上的最高分组b  a place in this 最高分组中的名次

first-class adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  belonging to or travelling by the first class 一流的，一级的，头等的；乘头等车(或舱等)旅行的 2  of the best quality; very good 品质最优的；极好的 ●adv.  by first class 乘坐头等车(或舱等)  travels first-class  乘头等车旅行

first cousin  see 见 COUSIN n. 1 

first-day cover n.  an envelope with stamps postmarked on their first day of issue 首日封(集邮用语，指贴有纪念邮票并经邮局盖过发行第一日邮戳的信封)

first-degree adj. Med.  denoting burns that affect only the surface of the skin, causing reddening 【医】(指烧伤)第一度的(只引起红肿的)，最轻度的

first finger n.  the finger next to the thumb 食指

first floor n. (N. Amer. [北美] second floor)  the floor above the ground floor 二楼

first-foot n. & v. Sc. [苏格兰] ●n.  the first person to cross a threshold in the New Year 新年第一位迈进门槛的人 ●v. intr.  be a first-foot 第一个进门拜年

first-fruit n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the first agricultural produce of a season, esp. as offered to God (尤指用以祭神的)一个季节中最早收获的农产品，第一批果实，初次收获 2  the first results of work etc. (工作等的)最初成果 3 hist.  a payment to a superior by the new holder of an office [史义]新官献给上司的礼金

first gear n.  the lowest in a set of gears 第一速度齿轮，头挡齿轮；第一挡

first-hand adj. & adv.  from the original source; direct. 第一手(的)；直接(的)

first intention n. Med.  the healing of a wound by natural contact of the parts 【医】第一期愈合

first intentions n. pl. Logic  a person's primary conceptions of things (e.g. a tree, an oak) 【逻辑学】第一内涵，最初概念

First Lady n. (in the US) the wife of the President (美国)第一夫人(指总统夫人)

first lieutenant n. US  an army or air force officer next below captain [美]陆军(或空军)中尉

first light n.  the time when light first appears in the morning 黎明，破晓

firstling /ˈfɜ:s(t)liŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the first result of anything, first-fruits 最初的成果；第一批果实 2  the first offspring; the first born in a season 头生的仔；(一个季节中)最早产的仔

firstly /ˈfɜ:s(t)li/ adv. (in enumerating topics, arguments, etc.) in the first place, first (cf. 参见 FIRST adv.) (用于列举话题、论点等)首先，第一

first mate n. (on a merchant ship) the officer second in command to the master (商船上的)大副

first name n.  a personal or Christian name 名字，教名(不包括姓，置于姓前)

first night n.  the first public performance of a play etc. (戏剧等的)第一次公演，首场演出 □ first-nighter  n.  

first offender n.  a criminal against whom no previous conviction is recorded 初犯者

first officer n.  the mate on a merchant ship (商船上的)大副

first past the post adj.  1  winning a race etc. by being the first to reach the finishing line 第一个到达终点线(而赢得比赛等)的 2 Brit. (of an electoral system) selecting a candidate or party by simple majority (see also 另见 PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION, TRANSFERABLE VOTE) [英] (指选举制度)候选人(或党派)靠简单多数当选的

first person  see 见 PERSON 3 

first post n. Brit.  the first of several bugle calls giving notice of the hour of retiring at night [英]头次就寝号

first-rate adj.  1  of the highest class, excellent 第一流的，头等的；优秀的 2 colloq.  very well [口]极好的  feeling first-rate  感觉极好

first reading n.  the occasion when a Bill is presented to a legislature to permit its introduction (议案交付立法机关批准实施时的)初读

first refusal  see 见 REFUSAL 2 

First Reich n.  the Holy Roman Empire, 962 － 1806 (德意志)第一帝国(指神圣罗马帝国 (962 至 1806 年))

first school n. Brit.  a school for children from 5 to 9 years old [英]第一学校 (5 至 9 岁儿童上的学校)

first sergeant n. US  the highest-ranking non-commissioned officer in a company [美]军士长

first strike adj.  an aggressive attack with nuclear weapons before their use by the enemy 第一次核打击，先发制人的核打击(指在敌人之前首先使用核武器实施的攻击性打击) hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : first-strike strategy  先发制人的核打击战略

first thing adv. & n. colloq. [口] ●adv.  before anything else; very early in the morning 首先；一大早  shall do it first thing  将先做此事 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  even the most elementary fact or principal 最基本的事实(或原理)  does not know the first thing about it  对此一窍不通

firth /fɜ:θ/ n. (also frith /friθ/)  1  a narrow inlet of the sea 狭窄的海湾 2  an estuary 河口湾，(江河入海的)河口 [Middle English (originally Scots) from Old Norse fjörthr FJORD]

fir tree  see 见 FIR 1 

fisc /fisk/ n. Rom. Hist.  the public treasury; the emperor's privy purse [罗马]【史】国库；皇室财库 [French fisc or Latin fiscus ‘rush-basket, purse, treasury’]

fiscal /ˈfisk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of public revenue 国库的；财政的 ●n.  1  a legal official in some countries (某些国家的)检察官 2 Sc. [苏格兰]  = PROCURATOR FISCAL  □ fiscally  adv.   [French fiscal or Latin fiscalis (as FISC)]

fiscality /fiˈskæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in pl. 用复数)  fiscal matters 财政事务 2  excessive regard for these (对财政事务的)过度关心(或注意)

fiscal year n.  = FINANCIAL YEAR 

fish1 /fiʃ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or fishes)  1  a vertebrate cold-blooded animal with gills and fins living wholly in water 鱼 2  an invertebrate animal living wholly in water, e.g. cuttlefish, shellfish, jellyfish 水生动物(如墨鱼、水生贝壳类动物、水母) 3  the flesh of fish as food 鱼肉 4 colloq.  a person remarkable in some way (usu. unfavourable) [口]在某方面(通常指不好的方面)异常的人，家伙  an odd fish  怪人 5 (作 the Fish or Fishes)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Pisces 双鱼座；双鱼宫 6 Naut. slang  a torpedo; a submarine 【海】[俚语]鱼雷；潜艇 ●v.  1 intr.  try to catch fish, esp. with a line or net (尤指用鱼线或鱼网)捕鱼，钓鱼 2 tr.  fish for (a certain kind of fish) or in (a certain stretch of water) 捕(或钓) (某种鱼)；在(某水域)捕鱼 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  a  search for in water or a concealed place (在水中或隐藏处)寻找b  seek by indirect means (用间接手段)探求，获取  fishing for compliments  拐弯抹角博取恭维 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up, out, etc.)  retrieve with careful or awkward searching (经仔细或笨拙的搜寻)找回 □ drink like a fish   drink excessively 过度饮用；大喝，牛饮□ fish out of water   a person in an unsuitable or unwelcome environment or situation 离水之鱼(指处在不合适或不受欢迎的环境或处境中的人)，不得其所的人□ other fish to fry   other matters to attend to 其他要料理的事□ fishlike  adj.   [Old English fisc, fiscian, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The collective plural fish is now usual, but the older form fishes is still used, especially in technical writing, when referring to different kinds of fish (e.g. the freshwater fishes of Europe), and in Biblical allusions etc. (e.g. five loaves and two small fishes). 该词的复数形式现在通常为 fish (集合复数名词)，但其较陈旧的复数形式 fishes 目前仍然使用，尤其在科技著作中(此时 fishes 指不同种类的鱼，如 the freshwater fishes of Europe 欧洲的淡水鱼种)及《圣经》典故中(如 five loaves and two small fishes 五个面包和两条小鱼)。 

fish2 /fiʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat plate of iron, wood, etc., to strengthen a beam or joint (加固横梁或接缝的铁质、木质等)接合板，鱼尾板 2 Naut.  a piece of wood, convex and concave, used to strengthen a mast etc. 【海】桅杆的加强夹箍 ●v. tr.  1  mend or strengthen (a spar etc.) with a fish 用接合板连接(或加固) (船用圆材等) 2  join (rails) with a fish-plate 用鱼尾板连接(铁轨) [originally as verb: from French ficher ‘fix’, ultimately from Latin figere]

fish3 /fiʃ/ n.  a piece of ivory etc. used as a counter in games (在游戏中用以计数的)筹码 [French fiche (ficher; see FISH2)]

fish-bolt n.  a bolt used to fasten fish-plates and rails together (把鱼尾板和铁轨固定在一起的)鱼尾板螺栓

fishbowl /ˈfiʃbəʊl/ n.  a usu. round glass bowl for keeping pet fish in (玻璃)鱼缸

fish cake n.  a cake of shredded fish and mashed potato, usu. eaten fried 鱼饼(用切碎的鱼和土豆泥制成，通常煎着吃)

fish eagle n.  any eagle, esp. of the genus Haliaeetus, that catches and feeds on fish (一种捕食鱼类的)鹰，鱼鹰

fisher /ˈfiʃə/ n.  1  an animal that catches fish, esp. the pekan, a tree-living N. American marten, Martes pennanti, valued for its fur 以鱼为食的动物(尤指鱼貂，一种生活在树上、皮毛珍贵的北美貂，捕鱼为食) 2 archaic  a fisherman [古义]渔民，渔夫 [Old English fiscere from Germanic (as FISH1)]

fisherfolk /ˈfiʃəfəʊk/ n. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  people whose livelihood is fishing 以捕鱼为生的人，渔民

fisherman /ˈfiʃəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who catches fish as a livelihood or for sport (以捕鱼为生的)渔民；(以捕鱼为消遣的)钓鱼者 2  a fishing boat 渔船

fishery /ˈfiʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place where fish are caught or reared 渔场；养鱼场 2  the occupation or industry of catching or rearing fish 渔业；养鱼业

fish-eye lens n.  a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced towards the edges (180° 的)鱼眼镜头，超广角镜头

fish farm n.  a place where fish are bred for food 养鱼场

fish finger n. Brit.  a small oblong piece of fish in batter or breadcrumbs [英]鱼条(裹着面包屑或面糊的长方形鱼肉条)

fish-glue n.  isinglass 鱼胶

fish-hawk n.  = OSPREY 1 

fish-hook  see 见 HOOK n. 1b. 

fishing /ˈfiʃiŋ/ n.  the activity of catching fish, esp. for food or as a sport 捕鱼；钓鱼

fishing-fly n.  = FLY2 4 

fishing line n.  a long thread of silk etc. with a baited hook, sinker, float, etc., used for catching fish (系有钓钩、坠子、鱼漂等的)钓线，钓丝

fishing rod n.  a long tapering usu. jointed rod to which a fishing line is attached 钓竿

fish kettle n.  an oval pan for boiling fish (椭圆形)煮鱼锅

fish-knife n.  a knife for eating or serving fish (吃鱼或餐桌上分鱼用的)鱼刀

fishmeal /ˈfiʃmi:l/ n.  ground dried fish used as fertilizer or animal feed (用作肥料或动物饲料的)鱼粉

fishmonger /ˈfiʃmʌŋɡə/ n. esp. Brit.  a dealer in fish for food [尤英]鱼商，鱼贩

fishnet /ˈfiʃnet/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  an open-meshed fabric 网眼织物  fishnet stockings  网眼袜

fish-plate n.  1  a flat piece of iron etc. connecting railway rails (连接铁轨的)鱼尾板，接合板 2  a flat piece of metal with ends like a fish's tail, used to position masonry (用于固定水泥砖石结构的)鱼尾金属板

fish pond n.  a pond or pool in which fish are kept 鱼塘，鱼池

fishpot /ˈfiʃpɒt/ n.  a wicker trap for eels, lobsters, etc. (捕鳗鱼、龙虾等用的)鱼笼

fish slice n. Brit.  a flat utensil for lifting fish and fried foods during and after cooking [英]煎鱼锅铲

fishtail /ˈfiʃteil/ n. & v. ●n.  anything resembling a fish's tail in shape or movement 鱼尾形物体；做摆尾运动的物体 ●v. intr.  move the tail of a vehicle from side to side 左右移动车的尾部

fishtail burner n.  a kind of gas burner producing a broadening jet of flame 鱼尾喷焰器(煤气喷嘴，其火焰为鱼尾状)

fishwife /ˈfiʃwaif/ n. (pl. -wives)  1  a coarse-mannered or noisy woman 举止粗野的女人；骂街的泼妇 2  a woman who sells fish 卖鱼妇

fishy /ˈfiʃi/ adj. (fishier, fishiest)  1  a  of or like (a) fish 鱼的；鱼似的b joc. or poet.  abounding in fish [诙] [诗]多鱼的 2 slang  arousing suspicion, questionable, mysterious [俚语]引起怀疑的，可疑的；神秘的  something fishy going on  在发生一些可疑的事 □ fishily  adv.  □ fishiness  n.  

fisk /fisk/ n. Sc.  the state treasury, the exchequer [苏格兰]国库，金库 [variant of FISC]

fissile /ˈfisail/ adj.  1  capable of undergoing nuclear fission 可进行核裂变的 2  cleavable; tending to split 可裂的；易裂的 □ fissility  /-ˈsiliti/ n.   [Latin fissilis (as FISSURE)]

fission /ˈfiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the action of dividing or splitting into two or more parts 裂变，分裂 2 Physics 【物理学】  = NUCLEAR FISSION  3 Biol.  the division of a cell etc. into new cells etc. as a mode of reproduction 【生】分裂生殖，裂殖 ●v. intr. & tr.  undergo or cause to undergo fission (使)裂变，(使)分裂 □ fissionable  adj.   [Latin fissio (as FISSURE)]

fission bomb n.  an atom bomb 裂变弹，裂变式原子弹

fissiparous /fiˈsip(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 Biol.  reproducing by fission 【生】分裂生殖的，裂殖的 2  tending to split 有分裂倾向的，易裂的 □ fissiparity  /-ˈpæriti/ n.  □ fissiparously  adv.  □ fissiparousness  n.   [Latin fissus, past part. of findere (as FISSURE), on the pattern of viviparous]

fissure /ˈfiʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an opening, usu. long and narrow, made esp. by cracking, splitting, or separation of parts (长而窄的)裂缝，裂隙 2 Bot. & Anat.  a narrow opening in an organ etc., esp. a depression between convolutions of the brain 【植】【解】(器官等细窄的)裂缝(尤指脑回间的沟) 3  a cleavage 分裂，开裂 ●v. tr. & intr.  split or crack (使)裂开，(使)分裂 [Middle English from Old French fissure or Latin fissura, from findere fiss- ‘cleave’]

fist /fist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tightly closed hand 拳，拳头 2 slang  handwriting [俚语]笔迹  writes a good fist  写一手好字 I know his fist  我认识他的笔迹 3 slang  a hand [俚语]手  give us your fist  让我们握握手 ●v. tr.  1  strike with the fist 拳打 2 Naut.  handle (a sail, an oar, etc.) 【海】操纵(帆、桨等) □ make a good (or poor etc.) fist  (foll. by 后跟 at, of) colloq.  make a good (or poor etc.) attempt at [口]把…做得很成功(或不成功)□ fisted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ fistful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English fyˉst, from West Germanic]

fist fight n.  a fight with bare fists 用裸拳的殴斗，拳斗

fistic /ˈfistik/ adj. (also 亦作 fistical) joc.  pugilistic [诙]拳击家的；拳击(术)的

fisticuffs /ˈfistikʌfs/ n. pl.  fighting with the fists 拳斗，以拳互殴 [probably obsolete fisty adj. = FISTIC, + CUFF2]

fistula /ˈfistjʊlə/ n. (pl. fistulas or fistulae /-li:/)  1 Med.  an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow organ and the body surface or between two hollow organs 【医】瘘，瘘管 2 Zool.  a natural pipe or spout in whales, insects, etc. 【动】(鲸鱼的)喷水管；(昆虫的)喙管，细管 □ fistular  adj.  □ fistulous  adj.   [Latin, = pipe, flute]

fit1 /fit/ adj., v., n. & adv. ●adj. (fitter, fittest)  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  well adapted or suited 合适的；适当的；适宜的b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  qualified, competent, worthy 合格的，能胜任的；相称的c (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  in a suitable condition, ready 准备妥当的d (foll. by 后跟 for)  good enough 足够好的  a dinner fit for a king  一顿好得可供国王吃的饭e (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  sufficiently exhausted, troubled, or angry (累得、苦恼得或气得)几乎要…的，就要…的  fit to drop  累得几乎要跌倒 2  in good health or athletic condition 健康的，强健的 3  proper, becoming, right 正当的；合适的；正确的  it is fit that  做…是正当的 ●v. (fitted, fitting)  1  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be of the right shape and size for 合适；合身；相配  the dress fits her  这件衣服很合她的身 the key doesn't fit the lock  这把钥匙不是开这把锁的 these shoes don't fit  这双鞋不合脚b tr.  make, fix, or insert (a thing) so that it is of the right size or shape 使(某物)大小(或形状)适合装入(或嵌入)  fitted shelves in the alcoves  把架子安装到壁凹里c intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into) (of a component) be correctly positioned (部件)被适当地安放；适合；匹配  that bit fits here  那个钻头适合这儿d tr.  find room for 为…找到空地；容纳  can't fit another person on the bench  长凳无法再坐下另外一个人 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  a  make suitable; adapt 使适合；使适应b  make competent 使胜任，使合格  fitted him to be a priest  使他有能力做一位牧师 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  supply, furnish 提供；装配  fitted the boat with a new rudder  给船装上了一个新舵 4 tr.  fix in place 安装  fit a lock on the door  在门上装一把锁 5 tr.  = fit on  6 tr.  be in harmony with, befit, become 与…相协调，与…相称；适合  it fits the occasion  它适合这种场面 the punishment fits the crime  罚罪相当 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 up) esp. Austral.  secure enough (genuine or false) evidence to convict; frame [尤澳]获取足够的(真实或虚假)证据以证明某人有罪；诬陷；捏造(罪名等) ●n.  the way in which a garment, component, etc., fits (服装、部件等的)匹配，合身，合适  a bad fit  不合身 a tight fit  很贴身 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  in a suitable manner, appropriately [口]以适当的方式；几乎  was laughing fit to bust  笑得肚子都快爆了 □ fit the bill   = fill the bill 五点□ fit in   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be (esp. socially) compatible or accommodating (尤指社交方面)能与…和睦相处；善于适应新环境；适应  doesn't fit in with the rest of the group  与组里的其他人合不来 tried to fit in with their plans  设法适应他们的计划 2  find space or time for (an object, engagement, etc.) (为某物或约会等)安排地方(或时间)  the dentist fitted me in at the last minute  牙科医生在最后一刻给我安排了时间□ fit on  Brit.  try on (a garment) [英]试穿(衣服)□ fit out (or up)  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  equip 装备，配备□ see (or think) fit  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  decide or choose (a specified course of action) 决定(或选择) (某种行为过程)□ fitly  adv.  □ fitness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

fit2 /fit/ n.  1  a sudden seizure of epilepsy, hysteria, apoplexy, fainting, or paralysis, with unconsciousness or convulsions (癫痫、癔病、中风、昏厥或瘫痪的)突然发作(伴有昏厥或痉挛) 2  a sudden brief attack of an illness or of symptoms (疾病或病症)突然而短暂的发作，阵发  fit of coughing  一阵咳嗽 3  a sudden short bout or burst 突然而短暂的爆发，突发  fit of energy  一股干劲 fit of giggles  一阵咯咯的笑 4 colloq.  an attack of strong feeling [口] (强烈感情的)迸发  fit of rage  勃然大怒 5  a capricious impulse; a mood 一时的冲动；情绪  when the fit was on him  当他兴之所至的时候 □ by (or in) fits and starts   spasmodically 一阵一阵地，时断时续地□ give a person a fit  colloq.  surprise or outrage him or her [口]使某人大吃一惊；使某人大发脾气□ have a fit  colloq.  be greatly surprised or outraged [口]大吃一惊；大发脾气，大怒□ in fits   laughing uncontrollably 大笑不止 [Old English fitt ‘conflict’, in Middle English = position of danger or excitement]

fit3 /fit/ n. (also 亦作 fytte) archaic  a section of a poem [古义]诗歌的一节 [Old English fitt, perhaps as FIT2, or related to German fitze in the obsolete sense ‘thread with which weavers mark off a day's work’]

fitch /fitʃ/ n.  1  a polecat 艾鼬 2  a  the hair of a polecat 艾鼬毛b  a brush made from this or similar hair 用艾鼬毛制作的刷子 [Middle Dutch fisse etc.: cf. FITCHEW]

fitchew /ˈfitʃu:/ n.  a polecat 艾鼬 [Middle English from Old French ficheau, fissel, diminutive of Middle Dutch fisse]

fitful /ˈfitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  active or occurring spasmodically or intermittently 一阵阵的，间歇性的 □ fitfully  adv.  □ fitfulness  n.  

fitment /ˈfitm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. Brit.  a fixed item of furniture [尤英] (安装后不移动的)家具

fitted /ˈfitid/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  made or shaped to fill a space or cover something closely or exactly 按照(某物)尺寸做的；(大小)合适的  a fitted carpet  尺寸合适的地毯 2  provided with appropriate equipment, fittings, etc. 装有适当的设备(或用具等)的  a fitted kitchen  设备齐全的厨房 3  built-in; filling an alcove etc. 嵌入(墙内)的；内设的；占满壁凹等的  fitted cupboards  内嵌式小橱

fitter /ˈfitə/ n.  1  a person who supervises the cutting, fitting, altering, etc. of garments (负责服装剪裁、试样和修改等的)裁缝 2  a mechanic who fits together and adjusts machinery 装配工

fitting /ˈfitiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the process or an instance of having a garment etc. fitted 试衣，试穿  needed several fittings  需要几次试穿 2  a (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  the fixtures and fitments of a building [英] (建筑物的)固定设备；家具b  a piece of apparatus or furniture 一件设备(或家具) ●adj.  proper, becoming, right 适合的；恰当的；相称的 □ fittingly  adv.  □ fittingness  n.  

fitting shop n.  a place where machine parts are put together 装配车间

fit-up n. Brit. Theatr. slang [英]【戏】[俚语]  1  a temporary stage etc. 临时搭成的戏台等 2  a travelling company 流动剧团，巡回剧团

FitzGerald contraction /fitsˈdʒer(ə)ld/ n. (also 亦作 FitzGerald － Lorentz contraction) Physics  the shortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion esp. at speeds close to that of light 【物理学】菲茨杰拉德收缩 [named after G. F. FitzGerald, Irish physicist d. 1901 and H. A. Lorentz, Dutch physicist d. 1928]

five /faiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than four or one half of ten; the sum of three units and two units 五；五个 2  a symbol for this 表示五的符号 (5, v, V) 3  a size etc. denoted by five 用 5 表示的尺码等 4  a set or team of five individuals 由 5 个组成的一组(或一队) 5  five o'clock 5 点钟 6  a card with five pips 5 点的纸牌 7 Cricket  a hit scoring five runs 【板球】得 5 分的一击 ●adj.  that amount to five 5 (的)； 5 个(的) [Old English fīf, from Germanic]

five-a-side adj. & n. ●adj.  designating football played with five players in each team (指足球)每边有 5 名球员参加的 ●n.  a game of five-a-side football 每边有 5 名球员参加的足球赛

five-corner n. (also 亦作 five-corners) Austral. [澳]  1  a shrub of the genus Styphelia 五角果树(一种澳大利亚产石楠状灌木，结五角形果实) 2  the pentagonal fruit of this 五角果

five-eighth n. Austral. & NZ Rugby  either of two players between the scrum-half and the centre three-quarter [澳新]【英式橄榄球】(前卫与后卫之间的)中卫

five-finger exercise n.  1  an exercise on the piano involving all the fingers (弹钢琴的)五指练习 2  an easy task 容易的工作

fivefold /ˈfaivfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  five times as much or as many 5 倍的(地)； 5 重的(地) 2  consisting of five parts 由 5 部分构成的 3  amounting to five 达到 5 的

five hundred n.  a form of euchre in which 500 points make a game 500 分尤克牌戏

five o'clock shadow n.  beard-growth visible on a man's face in the latter part of the day (男子脸上早晨刮过后傍晚又长出的)短须

fiver /ˈfaivə/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a five-pound note [英] 5 英镑钞票 2 N. Amer.  a five-dollar bill [北美] 5 美元钞票

fives /faivz/ n.  a game played esp. in the UK, in which a ball is hit with a gloved hand or a bat against the walls of a court with three walls (Eton fives) or four walls (Rugby fives) 墙手球(英国的一种在三面有墙(伊顿墙手球)或四面有墙(拉格比墙手球)的场地上用戴手套的手或球拍对墙击球的球戏) [pl. of FIVE used as sing.: significance unknown]

five senses n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch 五官感觉(指视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉)

five-star adj.  of the highest class 五星级的；最高级的 [from the system used to grade hotels]

fivestones /ˈfaivstəʊnz/ n. Brit.  jacks played with five pieces of metal etc. and usu. without a ball [英]五石游戏(用 5 块金属片等玩的抛子游戏)

five-year plan n.  1 (in the former USSR) a government plan for economic development over five years, inaugurated in 1928 (指前苏联 1928 年开始实施的发展经济)五年计划 2  a similar plan in another country 其他国家的类似计划

fix /fiks/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  make firm or stable; fasten, secure 使固定，使牢固；缚紧；钉牢；安装  fixed a picture to the wall  把图画钉牢在墙上 2 tr.  decide, settle, specify (a price, date, etc.) 决定，确定，规定(价格、日期等) 3 tr.  mend, repair 修补，修理 4 tr.  implant (an idea or memory) in the mind 牢记  couldn't get the rules fixed in his head  无法让他牢记这些规则 5 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  direct steadily, set (one's eyes, gaze, attention, or affection) 全神贯注于，把(目光、视线、注意力或感情)集中于b  attract and hold (a person's attention, eyes, etc.) 吸引(某人的注意力、目光等)c (foll. by 后跟 with)  single out with one's eyes etc. (用眼等)选出，挑出 6 tr.  place definitely or permanently, establish, station 安置，放置；设置；使定居 7 tr.  determine the exact nature, position, etc., of; refer (a thing or person) to a definite place or time; identify, locate 确定(…的确切性质或位置等)；认为(某物或某人起源于某地或某时)；辨认；查明 8  a tr.  make (eyes, features, etc.) rigid 使(目光、容貌等)僵硬b intr. (of eyes, features, etc.) become rigid (目光、容貌等)变得僵硬 9 tr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  prepare (food or drink) [尤北美口]准备(食物或饮料)  fixed me a drink  给我准备了一杯饮料 10  a tr.  deprive of fluidity or volatility; congeal 使不流动(或不挥发)；使凝固b intr.  lose fluidity or volatility, become congealed 不流动(或不挥发)；凝固 11 tr. colloq.  punish, kill, silence, deal with (a person) [口]惩罚(或杀死) (某人)；使(某人)保持沉默；对付(某人) 12 tr. colloq. [口]  a  secure the support of (a person) fraudulently, esp. by bribery (用欺骗手段) (尤指用贿赂)取得(某人)的支持b  arrange the result of (a race, match, etc.) fraudulently 用欺骗手段操纵(比赛等)的结果  the competition was fixed  有人操纵了比赛结果 13 slang [俚语]  a tr.  inject (a person, esp. oneself) with a narcotic 给(某人，尤指自己)注射毒品b intr.  take an injection of a narcotic 注射毒品 14 tr.  a  make (a pigment, photographic image, etc.) fast or permanent 使(颜料、相片、影像等)经久不褪，使(颜色)固着；定影b Biol.  preserve or stabilize (a specimen) prior to treatment or microscopic examination 【生】(在进行处理或显微镜检查之前)保存(或固定) (标本) 15 tr. (of a plant or micro-organism) assimilate (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) by forming a non-gaseous compound (植物或微生物通过合成非气体化合物)吸收(氮或二氧化碳) 16 tr.  castrate or spay (an animal) 阉割(雄性动物)；切除(雌性动物的)卵巢 17 tr.  arrest changes or development in (a language or literature) 阻碍(语言或文学的)变化(或发展) 18 tr.  determine the incidence of (liability etc.) 决定(可能性等的)出现 19 intr. archaic  take up one's position [古义]就职 ●n.  1 colloq.  a position hard to escape from; a dilemma or predicament [口]难以逃避的处境；困境，窘境 2  a  the act of finding one's position by bearings or astronomical observations (借助于方向或天文观测)确定位置；定位b  a position found in this way (按上述方法确定的)位置 3 slang  a dose of a narcotic drug to which one is addicted [俚语]毒品的一次注射量 4 slang  bribery; an illicit arrangement [俚语]贿赂；非法操纵，搞鬼 □ be fixed  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  be disposed or affected (regarding) 处理；安排；供给  how is he fixed for money?  他的钱是怎么来的？ how are you fixed for Friday?  你星期五怎么过？□ fix on (or upon)   choose, decide on 选定；决定□ fix up   1  arrange, organize, prepare 安排；组织；准备 2  accommodate 给…安顿住处 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  provide (a person) 给(某人)提供  fixed me up with a job  给我提供了一个工作□ fixable  adj.  □ fixedly  /ˈfiksidli/ adv.  □ fixedness  /ˈfiksidnis/ n.   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin fixus, past part. of figere ‘fix, fasten’, partly via Old French fix, partly via medieval Latin fixare]

fixate /fikˈseit/ v. tr.  1  direct one's gaze on 注视，凝视 2 Psychol. 【心】  a (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  cause (a person) to acquire an abnormal attachment to persons or things 使(某人)对他人(或某物)产生不正常的依恋(或固恋)  was fixated on his son  异常地依恋他的儿子b  arrest (part of the libido) at an immature stage, causing such attachment (在未成年期)抑制(部分性欲以致产生不正常依恋或固恋) [Latin fixus (see FIX) + -ATE3]

fixation /fikˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of being fixated 注视，凝视 2  an obsession, concentration on a single idea 固恋，病态的依恋(或偏爱) 3  fixing or being fixed 固定，固着；安装 4  the process of rendering solid; coagulation 凝固，凝结 5  the process of assimilating a gas to form a solid compound 吸收气体合成固体化合物的过程 [Middle English from medieval Latin fixatio, from fixare: see FIX]

fixative /ˈfiksətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to fix or secure 固定的，固着的；防挥发的；防褪色的 ●n.  a substance used to fix colours, hair, biological specimens, etc. (用于固定颜色、头发、生物标本等的)定色剂，固定剂

fixed capital n.  machinery etc. that remains in the owner's use 固定资本(指机器等)

fixed-doh attrib. adj. (also 亦作 fixed-do)  applied to a system of sight-singing in which C is called ‘doh’, D is called ‘ray’, etc., irrespective of the key in which they occur (cf. 参见 MOVABLE-DOH) 固定 doh 律制的(应用于视唱律制，该律制中 C 被称作“ doh ”， D 被称作“ ray ”并依次类推，而不考虑其相应的音键)

fixed focus n.  a camera focus that cannot be adjusted, typically used with a small aperture lens having a large depth of field (相机的)固定焦距，固定焦点

fixed idea n.  = IDÉE FIXE 

fixed income n.  income deriving from a pension, investment at fixed interest, etc. 固定收入(来自养老金、定息投资等的收入)

fixed odds n. pl.  predetermined odds in racing etc. (opp. 反义 STARTING PRICE) (比赛等中给对方的)预定让步

fixed oil n.  a non-volatile oil of animal or plant origin, used in varnishes, lubricants, illuminants, soaps, etc. (来自动植物的)不挥发油，固定油(用于制造清漆、润滑剂、发光体、肥皂等)

fixed point n. Physics  a well-defined reproducible temperature 【物理学】(固)定点，不动点，不变点

fixed star  see 见 STAR n. 2 

fixer /ˈfiksə/ n.  1  a person or thing that fixes 维修工，保全工；固定器 2 Photog.  a substance used for fixing a photographic image etc. 【摄】定影液，定色剂 3 colloq.  a person who makes arrangements, esp. of an illicit kind [口]做(尤指非法的)交易者

fixing /ˈfiksiŋ/ n.  1  a method or means of fixing 固定方法(或手段) 2 (in pl. 用复数) US [美]  a  apparatus or equipment 设备，装备b  the trimmings for a dish 肉食的配菜c  the trimmings of a dress etc. (衣服等的)装饰

fixity /ˈfiksiti/ n.  1  a fixed state 固定状态，稳定状态 2  stability; permanence 稳定性；持久性，永久性 [obsolete fix fixed: see FIX]

fixture /ˈfikstʃə, -tjə/ n.  1  a  something fixed or fastened in position 固定住的物体b (usu. 通常作 predic.) colloq.  a person or thing confined to or established in one place [口]限制在(或固定在)某地(或某个职位)的人；限制于(或固定于)某处之物  he seems to be a fixture  他似乎要永远待在那儿 2 Brit. [英]  a  a sporting event, esp. a match, race, etc. 运动项目b  the date agreed for this (运动项目的)预定举行日 3 (in pl. 用复数) Law  articles attached to a house or land and regarded as legally part of it 【法律】(房屋或土地的)固定附着物(被看作是房屋或土地的一部分) [alteration of obsolete fixure, via Late Latin fixura from Latin figere fix- ‘fix’]

fizgig /ˈfizɡiɡ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 archaic  a silly or flirtatious young woman [古义]愚蠢(或轻佻)的年轻女子 2 archaic  a kind of small firework; a cracker [古义]一种小烟火；爆竹 3 Austral. slang  a police informer [澳] [俚语]向警察告密的人 ●adj. archaic  flighty [古义]轻浮的，轻佻的 [probably from FIZZ + obsolete gig ‘flighty girl’]

fizz /fiz/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  make a hissing or spluttering sound 发嘶嘶声，发劈啪声 2 (of a drink) make bubbles; effervesce (指饮料)冒气泡，起泡沫 ●n.  1  effervescence 冒泡，起沫 2 colloq.  an effervescent drink, esp. champagne [口]起泡沫的饮料(尤指香槟酒) [imitative]

fizzle /ˈfiz(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a feeble hissing or spluttering sound 发微弱的嘶嘶(或劈啪)声 ●n.  such a sound 微弱的嘶嘶(或劈啪)声 □ fizzle out   end feebly 草草结束；失败  the party fizzled out at 10 o'clock  聚会十点钟就草草收场了 [formed as FIZZ + -LE4]

fizzy /ˈfizi/ adj. (fizzier, fizziest)  effervescent 冒气泡的，起泡沫的 □ fizzily  adv.  □ fizziness  n.  

FJI abbr. (in the UK) Fellow of the Institute of Journalists [缩略] (英国)新闻工作者协会会员

fjord /fjɔ:d/ n. (also 亦作 fiord)  a long narrow inlet of sea between high cliffs, as in Norway 峡湾(在悬崖峭壁之间的狭长海湾，如挪威的海湾) [Norwegian, via Old Norse fjörthr from Germanic: cf. FIRTH, FORD]

FL abbr. US  Florida (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]佛罗里达州(正式邮政用语)

fl. abbr. [缩略]  1  floor  2  floruit  3  fluid 

Fla. abbr.  Florida [缩略]佛罗里达州

flab /flæb/ n. colloq.  fat; flabbiness [口]肥肉；松弛的肌肉；肌肉松弛 [imitative, or back-formation from FLABBY]

flabbergast /ˈflæbəɡɑ:st/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 flabbergasted adj.) colloq.  overwhelm with astonishment; dumbfound [口]使大吃一惊；使目瞪口呆 [18th c.: perhaps from FLABBY + AGHAST]

flabby /ˈflæbi/ adj. (flabbier, flabbiest)  1 (of flesh etc.) hanging down; limp; flaccid (肌肉等)松垂的，松弛的；松软的；不结实的 2 (of language or character) feeble (语言或性格)软弱的，无力的 □ flabbily  adv.  □ flabbiness  n.   [alteration of earlier flappy from FLAP]

flaccid /ˈflæksid, ˈflæsid/ adj.  1  a (of flesh etc.) hanging loose or wrinkled; limp, flabby (肌肉等)松弛(或起褶的)；松软的；不结实的b (of plant tissue) soft; less rigid (植物组织)柔软的；不坚挺的 2  relaxed, drooping 松懈的；消沉的 3  lacking vigour; feeble 缺乏活力的；软弱无力的 □ flaccidity  /fləkˈsiditi, fləˈsid-/ n.  □ flaccidly  adv.   [French flaccide or Latin flaccidus, from flaccus ‘flabby’]

flack1 /flæk/ n. US slang  a publicity agent [美] [俚语]广告员，宣传员 [20th c.: origin unknown]

flack2 var.  of FLAK  FLAK 的变体

flag1 /flæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a piece of cloth, usu. oblong or square, attachable by one edge to a pole or rope and used as a country's emblem or as a standard, signal, etc. 旗b  a small toy, device, etc., resembling a flag 旗状的小玩具(或器具等) 2  a device that is raised to indicate that a taxi is for hire (出租汽车用以表示可载客的)旗形金属牌 3 Naut.  a flag carried by a flagship as an emblem of an admiral's rank afloat 【海】旗舰旗，司令旗 ●v. (flagged, flagging)  1 intr.  a  grow tired; lose vigour; lag 变得疲倦；丧失活力；衰弱  his energy flagged after the first lap  跑完第一圈他就没劲了b  hang down; droop; become limp 无力地下垂；萎垂，萎蔫 2 tr.  a  place a flag on or over 悬旗于b  mark out with or as if with a flag or flags 用旗子标出 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  a  inform (a person) by flag signals 用旗语通知(某人)b  communicate (information) by flagging 打旗语传达(消息) □ flag down   signal to (a vehicle or driver) to stop 发信号使(车辆或司机)停下□ keep the flag flying   continue the fight 继续战斗□ put the flag out   celebrate victory, success, etc. 庆祝胜利(或成功等)；悬旗志庆□ show the flag   1  make an official visit to a foreign port etc. 对(外国港口等)进行正式访问 2  ensure that notice is taken of one's country, oneself, etc.; make a patriotic display 使(祖国或自己等)被注意；显示爱国热情□ flagger  n.   [16th c.: perhaps from obsolete flag ‘drooping’]

flag2 /flæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat usu. rectangular stone slab used for paving (铺路用的)石板，扁石 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a pavement made of these 用石板铺的路，石板路 ●v. tr. (flagged, flagging)  pave with flags 用石板铺(路) [Middle English, = sod: cf. Icelandic flag ‘spot from which a sod has been cut out’, Old Norse flaga ‘slab of stone’, and FLAKE1]

flag3 /flæɡ/ n.  1  any of various plants with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the yellow flag Iris pseudacorus see also 另见 SWEET FLAG, YELLOW FLAG 菖蒲，香蒲 2  the long slender leaf of such a plant 菖蒲叶，香蒲叶 [Middle English: related to Middle Dutch flag, Danish flœg]

flag4 /flæɡ/ n. (in full 全称 flag-feather)  a quill-feather of a bird's wing 鸟翅的胫羽 [perhaps related to obsolete fag ‘loose flap’: cf. FLAG1 v.]

flag-boat n.  a boat serving as a mark in sailing matches (赛船时标志航线的)旗标船

flag-captain n.  the captain of a flagship 旗舰舰长

Flag Day n. US 14 June, the anniversary of the adoption of the Stars and Stripes in 1777 [美]国旗制定纪念日 (1777 年 6 月 14 日采用星条旗后的周年纪念日)

flag day n. Brit.  a day on which money is raised for a charity by the sale of small paper flags etc. in the street [英] (为公益事业募捐在街上卖小纸旗等的)旗日

flagellant /ˈflædʒ(ə)l(ə)nt, fləˈdʒel(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who scourges himself or herself or others as a religious discipline (作为宗教苦行)鞭笞自己(或他人)者 2  a person who engages in flogging as a sexual stimulus (作为性刺激)鞭打自己(或他人)者 ●adj.  of or concerning flagellation (有关)鞭笞的 [Latin flagellare ‘to whip’ from FLAGELLUM]

flagellate1 /ˈflædʒ(ə)leit/ v. tr.  scourge, flog (cf. 参见 FLAGELLANT) 鞭打，鞭笞 □ flagellator  n.  □ flagellatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.  

flagellate2 /ˈflædʒ(ə)lət, -eit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having flagella 有鞭毛的 ●n.  a protozoan having one or more flagella 鞭毛虫；鞭毛藻

flagellation /flædʒəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or practice of flagellating others or (esp.) oneself, as a sexual stimulus or religious discipline (作为性刺激或宗教苦行而对他人或尤对自己进行的)鞭打，鞭笞

flagellum /fləˈdʒeləm/ n. (pl. flagella /-lə/)  1 Biol.  a long lashlike appendage found esp. on microscopic organisms 【生】鞭毛；鞭状体；(昆虫的)鞭状触角，鞭节 2 Bot.  a runner; a creeping shoot 【植】纤匐枝，鞭状匍匐枝 □ flagellar  adj.  □ flagelliform  adj.  鞭毛状的；鞭形的；细长而柔韧的 [Latin, = whip, diminutive of flagrum ‘scourge’]

flageolet1 /flædʒəˈlet, ˈflædʒəlit, ˈflæʒə(ʊ)lei/ n.  1  a small flute blown at the end, like a recorder but with two thumb holes 六孔竖笛 2  an organ stop having a similar sound (风琴的)音栓 [French, diminutive of Old French flag(e)ol from Provençal flajol, of unknown origin]

flageolet2 /flædʒəˈlet/ n.  a kind of French kidney bean 法国菜豆，法国云豆 [French, ultimately from Latin phaseolus ‘bean’]

flag-feather  see 见 FLAG4 

flagitious /fləˈdʒiʃəs/ adj.  deeply criminal; utterly villainous 罪大恶极的；凶恶无耻的；穷凶极恶的 □ flagitiously  adv.  □ flagitiousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin flagitiosus, from flagitium ‘shameful crime’]

flag-lieutenant n.  an admiral's ADC 海军将官的副官

flag-list n.  a roll of flag-officers 海军将官名册

flagman /ˈflæɡmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who signals with or as with a flag, e.g. at races (比赛等中的)信号旗手，信号员

flag of convenience n.  a foreign flag under which a ship is registered, usu. to avoid financial charges etc. 方便旗(通常指船只为逃避本国捐税等而在其他国家注册悬挂的外国国旗)

flag-officer n.  an admiral, vice admiral, or rear admiral, or the commodore of a yacht club 海军上将(或中将、少将)，海军将官；游艇总会会长

flag of truce n.  a white flag indicating a desire for a truce (表达停战愿望的)休战旗，白旗

flagon /ˈflæɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a large bottle in which wine, cider, etc., is sold, usu. holding 1.13 litres (about 2 pints) 大肚酒瓶(通常容量为 1.13 升，约合两品脱) 2  a  a large vessel usu. with a handle, spout, and lid, to hold wine etc. (有把手、壶嘴、壶盖的)大酒壶b  a similar vessel used for the Eucharist (圣餐中盛葡萄酒的)酒壶 [Middle English flakon from Old French flacon, ultimately from Late Latin flasco -onis FLASK]

flagpole /ˈflæɡpəʊl/ n.  = FLAGSTAFF 

flag-rank n.  the rank attained by flag-officers 海军将级军衔

flagrant /ˈfleiɡr(ə)nt/ adj. (of an offence or an offender) glaring; notorious; scandalous 罪恶昭彰的，臭名远扬的，丑恶的 □ flagrancy  /-ɡr(ə)nsi/ n.  □ flagrantly  adv.   [French flagrant or Latin flagrant-, part. stem of flagrare ‘blaze’]

flagship /ˈflæɡʃip/ n.  1  a ship having an admiral on board 旗舰 2  something that is held to be the best or most important of its kind; a leader (同类事物中)最好(或最重要)的一个；居首位者

flagstaff /ˈflæɡstɑ:f/ n.  a pole on which a flag may be hoisted 旗杆

flag-station n.  a station at which trains stop only if signalled (铁路上的)旗站，信号停车站

flagstone /ˈflæɡstəʊn/ n.  = FLAG2n.  □ flagstoned  adj.  

flag-wagging n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  signalling with hand-held flags 执旗打信号 2  = FLAG-WAVING 

flag-waving n.  populist agitation, chauvinism 极端爱国主义者的宣传；沙文主义 □ flag-waver  n.  

flail /fleil/ n. & v. ●n.  a threshing tool consisting of a wooden staff with a short heavy stick swinging from it 连枷(打谷用的农具) ●v.  1 tr.  beat or strike with or as if with a flail (似)用连枷打 2 intr.  wave or swing wildly or erratically (狂乱地或不规则地)摆动(或摇动)  went into the fight with arms flailing  挥舞着双臂打了起来 [Old English, probably from Latin FLAGELLUM]

flair /flɛə/ n.  1  an instinct for selecting or performing what is excellent, useful, etc.; a talent 天资，天赋，天分  has a flair for knowing what the public wants  天生就有了解公众需要的才能 has a flair for languages  有学习语言的天分 2  talent or ability, esp. artistic or stylistic (尤指艺术或风格方面的)才能，资质 [French flairer to smell, ultimately from Latin fragrare: see FRAGRANT]

flak /flæk/ n. (also 亦作 flack)  1  anti-aircraft fire 高射炮火；高射炮 2  adverse criticism; abuse 恶意的批评；漫骂 [German, abbreviation of Flug(zeug)abwehrkanone ‘anti-aircraft gun’]

flake1 /fleik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small thin light piece of snow (一片)雪花b  a similar piece of another material (类似雪花的)小薄片 2  a thin broad piece of material peeled or split off (剥下或裂下的)一片薄而宽的物质 3 Archaeol.  a piece of hard stone chipped off and used as a tool 【考古】(用作工具的)石片，原始石器 4  a natural division of the flesh of some fish (某些鱼的)肌隔 5  the dogfish or other shark as food (食用的)狗鲨(或其他鲨鱼)肉片 6 N. Amer. slang  a crazy, eccentric, or dim person [北美] [俚语]怪僻的人；愚钝的人 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, off)  1  take off or come away in flakes 一片片剥落(或脱落) 2  sprinkle with or fall in snowlike flakes 雪片似地撒布(或降落) □ flake out  colloq.  fall asleep or drop from exhaustion; faint [口] (因精疲力竭而)睡着(或倒下)；昏过去 [Middle English, origin unknown: perhaps related to Old Norse flakna ‘flake off’]

flake2 /fleik/ n.  1  a stage for drying fish etc. (晒鱼等用的)架子 2  a rack for storing oatcakes etc. (储存燕麦饼等用的)搁架，搁板 [in earlier use, ‘wicker hurdle’: Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse flaki, fleki ‘wicker shield’]

flak jacket n.  a protective jacket of heavy camouflage fabric reinforced with metal, worn by soldiers etc. (士兵等穿的、衬有金属片的)防弹背心，避弹衣

flaky /ˈfleiki/ adj. (flakier, flakiest)  1  of or like flakes; separating easily into flakes 薄片的；薄片状的；易分成薄片的 2 esp. N. Amer. slang  crazy, eccentric, dim [尤北美] [俚语]疯疯癫癫的；古怪的；愚钝的 □ flakily  adv.  □ flakiness  n.  

flaky pastry n.  pastry consisting of thin light layers 酥饼，千层酥

flambeau /ˈflæmbəʊ/ n. (pl. flambeaus or flambeaux /-əʊz/)  1  a flaming torch, esp. composed of several thick waxed wicks (尤指用数根敷蜡的粗烛心做成的)火炬 2  a branched candlestick 分枝蜡烛架，大烛台 [French from flambe, from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma ‘flame’]

flamboyant /flæmˈbɔiənt/ adj.  1  ostentatious; showy 夸示的，卖弄的，炫耀的；虚饰的 2  floridly decorated 装饰(过分)华丽的 3  gorgeously coloured 艳丽的 4 Archit. (of decoration) marked by wavy flamelike lines 【建】(装饰)火焰式的 □ flamboyance  n.  □ flamboyancy  n.  □ flamboyantly  adv.   [French (in Archit. sense), pres. part. of flamboyer from flambe: see FLAMBEAU]

flambé /ˈflɒmbei/ adj. & v. ●adj. (of food) covered with spirits and set alight briefly (指食物)浇上酒并点燃烧一会的 ●v. tr. (flambés, flambéed, flambéing)  cover (food) with spirits and set alight briefly 给(食物)浇上酒并点燃烧一会 [French, past part. of flamber ‘singe’ (as FLAMBEAU)]

flame /fleim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  ignited gas 火焰，火舌  the fire burnt with a steady flame  炉子燃烧着，火焰一动不动b  one portion of this 火苗  the flame flickered and died  火苗摇曳着熄灭了c (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  visible combustion 可见的燃烧  burst into flames  呼地燃烧起来 2  a  a bright light; brilliant colouring 明亮的光线；鲜艳的色彩b  a brilliant orange-red colour 鲜艳的橙红色，火红色 3  a  strong passion, esp. love 强烈的感情(尤指爱情)  fan the flame  激起热情b colloq.  a boyfriend or girlfriend [口]爱人；情人 ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, forth, out, up)  emit or cause to emit flames (使)发出火焰；(使)燃烧 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, up)  a (of passion) break out (感情)爆发b (of a person) become angry (人)发怒 3 intr.  shine or glow like flame 火焰似地闪耀，发光  leaves flamed in the autumn sun  树叶在秋日的阳光下像一片火焰闪耀着 4 intr. poet.  move like flame [诗]火焰似地移动，摇动 5 tr.  send (a signal) by means of flame 用火焰传递(信号) 6 tr.  subject to the action of flame 用火焰烧(或加热) □ flame out   1 (of a jet engine) lose power through the extinction of the flame in the combustion chamber (喷气发动机)因熄火而失去动力，失灵 2 esp. N. Amer.  fail, esp. conspicuously [尤北美] (尤指引人注目地)失败□ go up in flames   be consumed by fire 被火焚毁□ flameless  adj.  □ flamelike  adj.  □ flamy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French flame, flam(m)er from Latin flamma]

flame gun n.  a device for throwing flames to destroy weeds etc. (烧除杂草等用的)喷火枪

flamen /ˈfleimen, ˈflɑ:-/ n. Rom. Hist.  a priest serving a particular deity [罗马]【史】祭司 [Middle English from Latin]

flamenco /fləˈmeŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a style of music played (esp. on the guitar) and sung by Spanish gypsies 弗拉曼柯乐曲(一种西班牙吉卜赛人弹奏(尤指用吉他)和演唱的乐曲) 2  a dance performed to this music 合着弗拉曼柯乐曲跳的舞，弗拉曼柯舞 [Spanish, = Flemish]

flameout /ˈfleiməʊt/ n.  1 Aeron.  extinction of the flame in a jet engine causing loss of power 【空】(喷气发动机)熄火 2 esp. N. Amer.  a complete or conspicuous failure [尤北美]彻底(或明显)的失败

flameproof /ˈfleimpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj. (esp. of a fabric) treated so as to be non-flammable (尤指织物)耐火的，防火的 ●v. tr.  make flameproof 使耐火，使防火

flame-thrower n. (also 亦作 flame-projector)  a weapon for throwing a spray of flame 火焰喷射器，喷火器

flame tree n.  any of various trees with brilliant red flowers, esp. a Madagascan poinciana, Delonix regia, or an Australian bottle tree, Brachychiton australis 开鲜红花朵的树(尤指马达加斯加凤凰木或澳大利亚梧桐树)

flaming /ˈfleimiŋ/ attrib. adj.  1  emitting flames 冒火焰的 2  very hot 灼热的，炎热的  flaming June  酷暑 6 月 3 colloq. [口]  a  passionate; intense 热情的；激情的；激烈的；强烈的  a flaming row  激烈的争吵b  expressing annoyance, or as an intensifier (表示恼怒或用作强调词)可恶的，讨厌的  that flaming dog  那条讨厌的狗 4  brightly coloured 火红的，火焰似的  flaming red hair  火红色头发

flamingo /fləˈmiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  any tall long-necked web-footed wading bird of the family Phoenicopteridae, with crooked bill and pink, scarlet, and black plumage 红鹳，火烈鸟 [Portuguese flamengo from Provençal flamenc, from flama ‘flame’ + -enc = -ING3]

flammable /ˈflæməb(ə)l/ adj.  inflammable 易燃的；可燃的 □ flammability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin flammare from flamma ‘flame’]■Usage 用法说明 Flammable is used because inflammable can be mistaken for a negative (the true negative being non-flammable). 用 flammable 是因为 inflammable 有可能被误认为是一个表示否定的词 (flammable 的真正否定词为 non-flammable) 。 

flan /flæn/ n.  1  a  a pastry case with a savoury or sweet filling (带香辣或甜味馅的)馅饼；果馅饼；果酱饼b  a sponge base with a sweet topping (底部松软、顶部为甜品的)糕点 2  a disc of metal from which a coin etc. is made (用以制硬币等的)坯子 [French (originally = round cake) via Old French flaon and medieval Latin flado -onis from Frankish]

flanch /flɑ:n(t)ʃ/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 flaunch /flɔ:n(t)ʃ/) (esp. with reference to a chimney) slope inwards or cause to slope inwards towards the top (尤指烟囱)向上内倾；使向上内倾 □ flanching  n.   [perhaps from Old French flanchir from flanche, flanc FLANK]

flange /flæn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. Engin. 【工程】  ●n.  a projecting flat rim, collar, or rib, used for strengthening or attachment 凸缘；法兰(盘) ●v. tr.  provide with a flange 给…安装凸缘 □ flangeless  n.   [17th c.: perhaps from flange ‘widen out’, from Old French flangir (as FLANCH)]

flank /flæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the side of the body between the ribs and the hip 胁，胁腹b  the side of an animal carved as meat 从动物胁腹上割下的肉  flank of beef  胁腹牛肉 2  the side of a mountain, building, etc. (山、建筑物等的)侧面 3  the right or left side of an army or other body of persons (军队等的)侧翼，翼侧 ●v. tr.  1 (often in passive 常用被动)  be situated at both sides of 位于…的两侧  a road flanked by mountains  两侧是山的路 2 Mil. 【军】  a  guard or strengthen on the flank 保卫(或加强)…的翼侧b  menace the flank of 威胁…的翼侧c  rake with sweeping gunfire; enfilade (用密集的火力)扫射；向…纵射 □ in flank   at the side 在侧面 [Middle English via Old French flanc from Frankish]

flanker /ˈflæŋkə/ n.  1 Mil.  a fortification guarding or menacing the flank 【军】守卫(或威胁)侧翼的堡垒，侧堡 2  anything that flanks another thing 位于侧面的东西 3  a (in rugby) a wing forward (英式橄榄球中的)边锋b (in American football) an offensive player who lines up to the outside of an end (美式橄榄球中的)侧翼进攻队员 4 Brit. slang  a trick; a swindle [英] [俚语]诡计，骗局  pulled a flanker  玩弄诡计

flank forward n. Rugby  a wing forward 【英式橄榄球】边锋

flannel /ˈflæn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a kind of woven woollen fabric, usu. without a nap 法兰绒，绒布b (in pl. 用复数)  flannel garments, esp. trousers 法兰绒服装(尤指裤子) 2 Brit.  a small usu. towelling cloth, used for washing oneself [英] (洗、擦用的)法兰绒布块；毛巾 3 Brit. slang  nonsense; flattery [英] [俚语]胡话；奉承话 ●v. (flannelled, flannelling; US [美] flanneled, flanneling)  1 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a tr.  flatter 奉承b intr.  use flattery 说奉承话 2 tr.  wash or clean with a flannel 用法兰绒洗(或擦) [perhaps from Welsh gwlanen, from gwlɑˉn ‘wool’]

flannelboard /ˈflæn(ə)lbɔ:d/ n.  a piece of flannel as a base for paper or cloth cut-outs, used as a toy or a teaching aid 法兰绒板(一种玩具或教学用具，纸或布剪的图样可粘附其上)

flannelette /flænəˈlet/ n.  a napped cotton fabric imitating flannel 绒布，棉法兰绒 [FLANNEL]

flannelgraph /ˈflæn(ə)lɡrɑ:f/ n.  = FLANNELBOARD 

flannelled /ˈflæn(ə)ld/ adj. (US also [美亦] flanneled)  wearing flannel trousers 穿法兰绒裤子的

flannel-mouth n. US slang  a flatterer; a braggart [美] [俚语]花言巧语者，阿谀奉承者；自夸者，吹牛者

flap /flæp/ v. & n. ●v. (flapped, flapping)  1  a tr.  move (wings, the arms, etc.) up and down when flying, or as if flying 上下摆动(翅膀、双臂等)b intr. (of wings, the arms, etc.) move up and down; beat (翅膀、双臂等)上下摆动，拍动，拍打 2 intr. colloq.  be agitated or panicky [口]激动；焦虑；惊慌 3 intr. (esp. of curtains, loose cloth, etc.) swing or sway about; flutter (尤指帷帘、松垂的布料等)摆动，飘动 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off)  strike (flies etc.) with something broad; drive (用宽扁的物体)拍打(苍蝇等)；驱赶 5 intr. colloq. (of ears) listen intently [口] (耳朵)注意地听 ●n.  1  a piece of cloth, wood, paper, etc. hinged or attached by one side only and often used to cover a gap, e.g. a pocket-cover, the folded part of an envelope, a table leaf (一端固定、常用以覆盖开口的)布片(或木片、纸片等) (如衣兜盖、信封封盖、桌子活动面板) 2  one up-and-down motion of a wing, an arm, etc. (翅膀、胳膊等的)上下摆动，拍动 3 colloq.  a state of agitation; panic [口]激动(或忧虑)的状态；慌乱  don't get into a flap  别慌乱；别激动 4  a hinged or sliding section of a wing used to control lift (控制升力的)襟翼，阻力板 5  a light blow with something broad (宽扁物体的)轻拍，轻击 6  an open mushroom-top (伞菌)张开的伞 □ flappy  adj.   [Middle English, probably imitative]

flapdoodle /ˈflæpdu:d(ə)l/ n. colloq.  nonsense [口]胡说，瞎扯 [19th c.: origin unknown]

flapjack /ˈflæpdʒæk/ n.  1  a cake made from oats and golden syrup etc. 甜燕麦饼 2 esp. US  a pancake [尤美]煎饼，烤饼 [FLAP + JACK1]

flapper /ˈflæpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that flaps 拍击者；拍击物 2  an instrument that is flapped to kill flies, scare birds, etc. 苍蝇拍；惊鸟器 3  a person who panics easily or is easily agitated 易慌乱的人；易激动的人 4 slang (in the 1920s) a young unconventional or lively woman [俚语] (20 世纪 20 年代中)不受传统拘束(或充满活力的)年轻女子 5 Brit.  a young mallard or partridge [英]小绿头鸭；小鹧鸪

flare /flɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  widen or cause to widen gradually outwards or towards the top or bottom (使)朝外(或朝上、朝下)逐渐变宽  flared trousers  喇叭裤 2 intr. & tr.  burn or cause to burn suddenly with a bright unsteady flame (使)闪亮而摇曳地燃烧；(使)闪耀 3 intr.  burst into anger; burst forth 突然发怒；突发 ●n.  1  a  a dazzling irregular flame or light, esp. in the open air (耀眼而摇曳的)火焰(或闪光) (尤指在野外)b  a sudden outburst of flame 突然燃烧 2  a  a signal light used at sea (海上用的)信号灯b  a bright light used as a signal 用作信号的强光；闪光信号c  a flame dropped from an aircraft to illuminate a target etc. (飞机投下的)照明弹 3 Astron.  a sudden burst of radiation from a star 【天】(恒星的)耀斑 4  a  a gradual widening, esp. of a skirt or trousers (尤指裙子、裤子的)逐渐变宽b (in pl. 用复数)  wide-bottomed trousers 喇叭裤 5  an upward and outward curve of a ship's bows, designed to throw the water outwards when in motion (船头两侧为便于排水的)外倾 6 Photog.  extraneous illumination on film caused by internal reflection in the lens etc. 【摄】(底片的)翳雾斑 □ flare up   1  burst into a sudden blaze 突然旺烧起来 2  become suddenly angry or active 突然发怒；突然活跃起来 [16th c.: origin unknown]

flare-path n.  an area illuminated to enable an aircraft to land or take off (供飞机起降的)照明跑道

flare-up n.  an outburst of flame, anger, activity, etc. (火焰的)突然闪耀；(愤怒、行动等的)爆发

flash /flæʃ/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  emit or reflect or cause to emit or reflect light briefly, suddenly, or intermittently; gleam or cause to gleam (使)短暂地(或突然地、间歇性地)发出(或发射)光线；(使)闪光，(使)闪耀 2 intr.  break suddenly into flame; give out flame or sparks 突然燃烧；发出火焰(或火花) 3 tr.  send or reflect like a sudden flame or blaze (像火焰一样突然)闪现出，亮出，反射出  his eyes flashed fire  他的眼睛闪烁着火花 4 intr.  a  burst suddenly into view or perception (突然)闪现(或想到)  the explanation flashed upon me  我忽然想到了那个解释b  move swiftly 快速移动，飞驰  the train flashed through the station  火车飞速驶过车站 5 tr.  a  send (news etc.) by radio, telegraph, etc. (用无线电广播、电报等)传递(消息等)；火速传递  flashed a message to her  迅速地把讯息传给了她b  signal to (a person) by shining lights or headlights briefly 用闪光向(某人)发信号 6 tr. colloq.  show ostentatiously [口]炫耀，炫示  flashed her engagement ring  炫耀她的订婚戒指 7 intr. (of water) rush along; rise and flow (水)冲泻；暴涨；泛滥 8 intr. slang  indecently expose oneself [俚语]猥亵地暴露阴部 ●n.  1  a sudden bright light or flame, e.g. of lightning (闪电等的)闪光，闪烁 2  a very brief time; an instant 瞬间，刹那  all over in a flash  刹那间一切都结束了 3  a  a brief, sudden burst of feeling (感觉的)闪现，突发  a flash of hope  希望霎忽一现b  a sudden display (of wit, understanding, etc.) (智慧、领悟等的)突现 4  = NEWSFLASH  5 Photog. 【摄】  = FLASHGUN  6  a  a rush of water, esp. down a weir to take a boat over shallows (尤指沿导流坝流淌以使船只驶过浅水区的)水流b  a contrivance for producing this 闸，堰闸 7 Brit. Mil.  a coloured patch of cloth on a uniform etc. as a distinguishing emblem [英]【军】(军服等上面的)徽章，肩章，臂章 8  vulgar display, ostentation 炫耀，虚饰 9  a bright patch of colour 明亮的色斑 10 Cinematog.  the momentary exposure of a scene 【电影】闪景，短景 11  excess plastic or metal oozing from a mould during moulding (模塑过程中的)溢料，溢边 ●adj. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  gaudy; showy; vulgar 华而不实的；炫耀的；俗气的  a flash car  花里胡哨的小汽车 2  counterfeit 伪造的  flash notes  伪钞 3  connected with thieves, the underworld, etc. 与盗贼(或黑社会等)有联系的 □ flash in the pan   a promising start followed by failure (from the priming of old guns) 昙花一现(源自旧式火枪的无效发火)□ flash out (or up)   show sudden passion 勃然大怒□ flash over  Electr.  make an electric circuit by sparking across a gap 【电】飞弧，闪络，跳火 [Middle English, originally with reference to the rushing of water: cf. SPLASH]

flashback /ˈflæʃbæk/ n.  a scene in a film, novel, etc. set in a time earlier than the main action (小说等的)倒叙，倒叙情节；(电影等的)闪回，闪回镜头

flash-board n.  a board used for sending more water from a mill-dam into a mill-race (将更多的水从磨坊水坝送往磨坊引水槽的)闸板

flashbulb /ˈflæʃbʌlb/ n. Photog.  a bulb for a flashgun 【摄】闪光灯泡

flash burn n.  a burn caused by sudden intense heat, esp. from a nuclear explosion (尤指原子弹爆炸产生的灼热导致的)闪光烧伤

flashcard /ˈflæʃkɑ:d/ n.  a card containing a small amount of information, held up for pupils to see, as an aid to learning (教学用)抽认卡，示教片

flash-cube n.  a set of four flashbulbs arranged as a cube and operated in turn (有 4 个闪光泡的)方形闪光灯，立体闪光灯

flasher /ˈflæʃə/ n.  1 slang  a man who indecently exposes himself [俚语]猥亵地暴露阴部的人 2  a  an automatic device for switching lights rapidly on and off (灯的)自动断续开关b  a sign or signal using this 闪光标，闪光信号 3  a person or thing that flashes 华而不实的人；闪光物

flash flood n.  a sudden local flood due to heavy rain etc. (暴雨等造成的)骤发洪水

flashgun /ˈflæʃɡʌn/ n.  a device producing a flash of intense light, used for photographing by night, indoors, etc. (夜晚或室内照相用的)闪光枪

flashing /ˈflæʃiŋ/ n.  a usu. metallic strip used to prevent water penetration at the junction of a roof with a wall etc. (防止屋顶与墙壁结合处等漏水的)金属盖片，防雨板 [dialect flash ‘seal with lead sheets’ or obsolete flash ‘flashing’]

flashing point n.  = FLASHPOINT 

flash lamp n.  a portable flashing electric lamp, esp. an electric torch (便携式)闪光电灯(尤指手电筒)

flashlight /ˈflæʃlait/ n.  1  an electric torch 手电筒 2  a flashing light used for signals and in lighthouses (灯塔的)闪光信号灯

flash memory n. Computing  a type of memory device that retains data in the absence of a power supply 【计算】闪速存储器(断电时保存数据的存储装置)

flash-over n. Electr.  an instance of flashing over (see 见 FLASH) 【电】闪络，弧络，飞弧，跳火

flashpoint /ˈflæʃpɔint/ n.  1  the temperature at which vapour from oil etc. will ignite in air 闪(火)点，燃点，引火点 2  the point at which anger, indignation, etc. becomes uncontrollable (愤怒、愤慨等的)爆发点

flash unit n.  = FLASHGUN 

flashy /ˈflæʃi/ adj. (flashier, flashiest)  showy; gaudy; cheaply attractive 炫耀的；浮华庸俗的；华而不实的 □ flashily  adv.  □ flashiness  n.  

flask /flɑ:sk/ n.  1  a narrow-necked bulbous bottle for wine etc. or as used in chemistry (盛酒等或化学上用的)长颈瓶，烧瓶 2  = HIP FLASK  3 Brit. [英]  = VACUUM FLASK  4 hist. [史义]  = POWDER FLASK  [French flasque and (probably) Italian fiasco from medieval Latin flasca, flasco: cf. FLAGON]

flat1 /flæt/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. (flatter, flattest)  1  a  horizontally level 水平的，平坦的  a flat roof  平屋顶b  even; smooth; unbroken; without projection or indentation 平的；光滑的；无断裂的；无凸凹不平的  a flat stomach  平平的腹部c  with a level surface and little depth; shallow 平而浅的；扁平的；浅的  a flat cap  扁平帽子 a flat heel  平跟 2  unqualified; plain; downright 绝对的；直截了当的；断然的  a flat refusal  断然的拒绝 a flat denial  断然的否认 3  a  dull; lifeless; monotonous 枯燥的；无生气的；单调的  spoke in a flat tone  用平淡的语调说话b  without energy; dejected 无精打采的，垂头丧气的，沮丧的 4 (of a fizzy drink) having lost its effervescence (充气饮料)走了气的，不起泡的 5 Brit. (of an accumulator, a battery, etc.) having exhausted its charge [英] (蓄电池、电池等)电用完了的 6 Mus. 【音】  a  below true or normal pitch (音)偏低的，降音的  the violins are flat  这些小提琴的音偏低b (of a key) having a flat or flats in the signature (键)注有降音符的c (as 作 B flat, E flat, etc.)  a semitone lower than B, E, etc. (比 B 、 E 等调)低半音的，降半音的 7 Photog.  lacking contrast 【摄】无深浅反差的；无景深的 8  a (of paint etc.) not glossy; matt (油漆等)无光泽的，不发亮的b (of a tint) uniform (色彩)无变化的，单调的 9 (of a tyre) punctured; deflated (轮胎)穿了孔的，撒了气的 10 (of a market, prices, etc.) inactive; sluggish (市场)不景气的，萧条的，呆滞的；(价格)无涨落的 11  of or relating to flat racing 平地赛马的；与平地赛马有关的 ●adv.  1  lying at full length; spread out, esp. on another surface 平直而卧地；平展地；平靠地  lay flat on the floor  直挺挺地躺在地板上 the ladder was flat against the wall  梯子平靠在墙上 2 colloq. [口]  a  completely, absolutely 完全地，彻底地  turned it down flat  彻底地拒绝了此事 flat broke  完全破产了b  exactly 恰好  in five minutes flat  恰好五分钟 3 Mus.  below the true or normal pitch 【音】用降调  always sings flat  总是以低调唱 ●n.  1  the flat part of anything; something flat 平坦部分；扁平物  the flat of the hand  手掌 2  level ground, esp. a plain or swamp 平地(尤指平原或沼泽地) 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a note lowered a semitone below natural pitch 降半音b  the sign (♭) indicating this 降半音的符号 (♭) 4 (as 作 the flat) Brit. [英]  a  flat racing (无障碍)平地赛马b  the flat racing season 平地赛马季节 5 Theatr.  a flat section of scenery mounted on a frame 【戏】(舞台上用的)平面布景，背景屏 6 colloq.  a flat tyre, a puncture [口]撒了气的轮胎；(轮胎的)穿孔 7 Brit. slang  a foolish person [英] [俚语]愚人，傻子 ●v. tr. (flatted, flatting)  1  make flat, flatten (esp. in technical use) 使变平，使平坦 2 US Mus.  make (a note) flat [美]【音】使(音调)降半音 □ fall flat   fail to live up to expectations; not win applause 未达到预期效果；未赢得喝彩□ flat out   1  at top speed 全速地 2  using all one's strength, energy, or resources 竭尽全力地□ that's flat  colloq.  let there be no doubt about it [口]确定不移；绝对如此□ flatly  adv.  □ flatness  n.  □ flattish  adj.   [Middle English via Old Norse flatr from Germanic]

flat2 /flæt/ n. & v. ●n.  a set of rooms, usu. on one floor, used as a residence (通常指在同一层楼上供居住的)一套房间，单元房，公寓 ●v. intr. (flatted, flatting) (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Austral.  share a flat with [澳]合住一套房间 □ flatlet  n.  公寓小套间 [alteration of obsolete flet ‘floor, dwelling’, from Germanic (as FLAT1)]

flat arch n. Archit.  an arch with a flat lower or inner curve 【建】平拱，扁拱

flat boat n. (also 亦作 flat-bottomed boat)  a boat with a flat bottom for transport in shallow water (在浅水区运输用的)平底船

flatcar /ˈflætkɑ:/ n.  a railway wagon without raised sides or ends (铁路上的)平板车，平板货车，敞车

flat-chested adj. (of a woman) having small breasts (妇女)乳房小的，平胸的

flatfish /ˈflætfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any marine fish of various families having an asymmetric appearance with both eyes on one side of a flattened body, including sole, turbot, plaice, flounders, etc. 比目鱼(鲽形目鱼类的总称，身体扁平，双目在同一侧，包括鳎、鲆、鲽等)

flat foot n.  a foot with an arch that is lower than usual 扁平足

flatfoot /ˈflætfʊt/ n. (pl. -foots or -feet) slang  a police officer [俚语]警察

flat-footed /flætˈfʊtid/ adj.  1  having flat feet 扁平足的 2 colloq.  downright, positive [口]直截了当的，明确的 3 colloq.  unprepared; off guard [口]无准备的；无防备的  was caught flat-footed  在无防备的情况下被抓住了 □ flat-footedly  adv.  □ flat-footedness  n.  

flat-four adj. & n. ●adj. (of an engine) having four cylinders all horizontal, two on each side of the crankshaft (发动机)卧式四缸的(指发动机有四个卧式汽缸，曲轴两边各两个) ●n.  such an engine 卧式四缸发动机

flat-head n.  1  any marine fish of the family Platycephalidae, having a flattened body with both eyes on the top side (印度)鲬(身体扁平、双目在头顶的海鱼) 2 slang  a foolish person [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋

flat iron n. hist.  an iron heated externally and used for pressing clothes etc. [史义]烙铁，熨斗

flatmate /ˈflætmeit/ n. Brit.  a person in relation to one or more others living in the same flat [英]合住公寓套间者，同寓房客

flat-pack n. & v. ●n.  a piece of furniture etc. for self-assembly, packed flat in a box for easy transportation (供自己组装的)组件式家具(组件平装在箱子里以便于运输) often 常作 attrib.: a flat-pack fitted kitchen  组件式厨房 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 flat-packed adj.)  pack flat in a box 把…平装在箱子里

flat race n.  a horse race over level ground, as opposed to a steeplechase or hurdles (与障碍赛马相对的)平地赛马 □ flat racing  n.  

flat rate n.  a rate that is the same in all cases, not proportional 统一(或划一)价格；统一收费率

flat spin n.  1 Aeron.  a nearly horizontal spin 【空】水平螺旋，平(螺)旋 2 Brit. colloq.  a state of agitation or panic [英口]焦虑；惊慌

flatten /ˈflæt(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become flat (使)变平 2 tr. colloq. [口]  a  humiliate 羞辱，使丢脸b  knock down 击倒；击败 □ flatten out   bring an aircraft parallel to the ground 使飞机与地面水平飞行，恢复平飞□ flattener  n.  

flatter /ˈflætə/ v. tr.  1  compliment unduly; overpraise, esp. for gain or advantage 奉承，恭维，讨好，谄媚 2 (usu. 通常作 refl.; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  please, congratulate, or delude (oneself etc.) 使自己满意，自我庆幸；自我欺骗  I flatter myself that I can sing  我自认为我能唱 3  a (of a colour, a style, etc.) make (a person) appear to the best advantage (色彩、风格等)使(某人)尽显优点  that blouse flatters you  那条裙子使你尽显风姿b (esp. of a portrait, a painter, etc.) represent too favourably (尤指画像、画家等)把…画得胜过(或美过)本人(或实物) 4  gratify the vanity of; make (a person) feel honoured 满足…的虚荣心；使(某人)感到荣幸；使得意 5  inspire (a person) with hope, esp. unduly (尤指过分地)激起(某人的)希望  was flattered into thinking himself invulnerable  他被鼓动得认为自己不可战胜 6  please or gratify (the ear, the eye, etc.) 取悦(或满足) (耳朵、眼睛等感官) □ flatterer  n.  □ flattering  adj.  □ flatteringly  adv.   [Middle English, perhaps related to Old French flater ‘to smooth’]

flattering unction n.  a salve that one administers to one's own conscience or self-esteem (Shakespeare esp. Hamlet III. iv. 136) 良心或自尊的自我宽慰(源自莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》 III. iv. 136)

flattery /ˈflæt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  exaggerated or insincere praise 恭维，奉承，谄媚 2  the act or an instance of flattering 谄媚的举动；奉承的话

flattie /ˈflæti/ n. (also 亦作 flatty) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a flat-heeled shoe 平跟鞋 2  a flat-bottomed boat 平底船 3  a police officer 警官，警察

flat-top n.  1 US slang  an aircraft carrier [美] [俚语]航空母舰 2 slang  a man's short flat haircut [俚语]男式小平头

flatulent /ˈflætjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  causing formation of gas in the alimentary canal 使消化道气胀的b  caused by or suffering from this 由消化道气胀引起的；患消化道气胀的 2 (of speech etc.) inflated, pretentious (言语等)浮夸的；做作的 □ flatulence  n.  □ flatulency  n.  □ flatulently  adv.   [French from modern Latin flatulentus (as FLATUS)]

flatus /ˈfleitəs/ n.  wind in or from the stomach or bowels 肠胃气 [Latin, = blowing, from flare ‘blow’]

flatware /ˈflætwɛə/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  plates, saucers, etc. (opp. 反义 HOLLOWWARE) [尤英]盘碟类 2 N. Amer.  domestic cutlery [北美] (家用刀、叉、匙等)餐具

flatworm /ˈflætwɜ:m/ n.  any worm of the phylum Platyhelminthes, having a flattened body and no body cavity or blood vessels, including turbellarians, flukes, etc. 扁虫(身体扁平，无体腔或血管，包括肝蛭、涡虫等)

flaunch var.  of FLANCH  FLANCH 的变体

flaunt /flɔ:nt/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  1 (often 常作 refl.)  display ostentatiously (oneself or one's finery); show off; parade 夸耀(自己或自己的漂亮服装、饰物等)，夸示，炫耀  liked to flaunt his gold cuff-links  喜欢炫耀他袖口上的金链扣 flaunted themselves before the crowd  在众人面前自我夸耀 2  wave or cause to wave proudly (炫耀地)飘扬，招展；(炫耀地)挥舞  flaunted the banner  耀武扬威地挥舞旗帜 ●n.  an act or instance of flaunting 夸耀，夸示；飘扬，招展；挥舞 □ flaunter  n.  □ flaunty  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]■Usage 用法说明 Flaunt should not be confused with flout, which means ‘to disobey contemptuously’. 不应将 flaunt 与 flout 混淆，后者意思是“藐视，轻视，无视”。 

flautist /ˈflɔ:tist/ n.  a flute-player 吹笛者 [Italian flautista from flauto FLUTE]

flavescent /fləˈves(ə)nt/ adj.  turning yellow; yellowish 变成黄色的；带黄色的 [Latin flavescere from flavus ‘yellow’]

flavin /ˈfleivin/ n. (also 亦作 flavine /-vi:n/)  1  any of a group of cyclic compounds forming the nucleus of various natural yellow pigments 黄素，核黄素 2  a yellow dye formerly obtained from dyer's oak 栎(黄)素染料 [Latin flavus ‘yellow’ + -IN]

flavin adenine dinucleotide n.  a coenzyme derived from riboflavin, important in various biochemical reactions (abbr. 缩略 : FAD) 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸

flavine /ˈfleivi:n, -in/ n.  1 Pharm.  an antiseptic derived from acridine 【药】吖啶黄，吖啶黄素(作防腐灭菌剂) 2 var.  of FLAVIN FLAVIN 的变体 [as FLAVIN + -INE4]

flavone /ˈfleivəʊn/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of naturally occurring white or yellow pigments found in plants 【生化】黄酮 [as FLAVINE + -ONE]

flavoprotein /fleivə(ʊ)ˈprəʊti:n/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of conjugated proteins containing flavin that are involved in oxidation reactions in cells 【生化】黄素蛋白 [FLAVINE + PROTEIN]

flavorous /ˈfleiv(ə)rəs/ adj.  having a pleasant or pungent flavour 有滋味的，美味的，味浓的

flavour /ˈfleivə/ n. & v. (US [美] flavor) ●n.  1  a distinctive mingled sensation of smell and taste 味，味道，滋味  has a cheesy flavour  有奶酪的味道 2  an indefinable characteristic quality 说不清的特点，特色  music with a romantic flavour  有浪漫情调的音乐 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a slight admixture of a usu. undesirable quality 略带有(通常是不好的)特征  the flavour of failure hangs over the enterprise  失败的气息飘浮在企业的上空 4 esp. US [尤美]  = FLAVOURING  ●v. tr.  give flavour to; season 加味于，给…调味 □ flavour of the month (or week)   a temporary trend or fashion 暂时的趋势(或风尚)□ flavourful  adj.  □ flavourless  adj.  □ flavoursome  adj.   [Middle English from Old French flaor, perhaps from Latin flatus ‘blowing’ and foetor ‘stench’: assimilated to savour]

flavouring /ˈfleiv(ə)riŋ/ n. (US [美] flavoring)  a substance used to flavour food or drink 调味品，调味香料

flaw1 /flɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an imperfection; a blemish 缺陷，缺点，瑕疵  has a character without a flaw  有着完美无缺的性格 2  a crack or similar fault 裂缝，裂纹；缺陷  the cup has a flaw  杯子有一道裂纹 3 Law  an invalidating defect in a legal matter 【法律】(法律事务中的)缺陷，漏洞 ●v. tr. & intr.  crack; damage; spoil (使)破裂，(使)生裂缝；损坏，毁坏 □ flawless  adj.  □ flawlessly  adv.  □ flawlessness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps via Old Norse flaga ‘slab’ from Germanic: related to FLAKE1, FLAG2]

flaw2 /flɔ:/ n.  a squall of wind; a short storm 一阵狂风；短暂的风暴 [probably from Middle Dutch vlɑˉghe, Middle Low German vlɑˉge, perhaps = stroke]

flax /flæks/ n.  1  a  a blue-flowered plant, Linum usitatissimum, cultivated for its textile fibre and its seeds (see 见 LINSEED) 亚麻b  a plant resembling this 类似亚麻的植物 2  a  dressed or undressed flax fibres (加工过或未加工过的)亚麻纤维b archaic  linen, cloth of flax [古义]亚麻布 [Old English flœx, from West Germanic]

flaxen /ˈflæks(ə)n/ adj.  1  of flax 亚麻的；亚麻制的 2 (of hair) coloured like dressed flax; pale yellow (头发)亚麻色的，浅黄色的

flax-lily n. (pl. -ies) NZ  a New Zealand plant, Phormium tenax (agave family), yielding valuable fibre [新]新西兰麻

flaxseed /ˈflækssi:d/ n.  linseed 亚麻籽；亚麻仁

flay /flei/ v. tr.  1  strip the skin or hide off, esp. by beating (尤指通过捶打)剥去…的皮 2  criticize severely 严厉批评，痛斥  the play was flayed by the critics  那个戏剧受到了评论家们严厉的批评 3  peel off (skin, bark, peel, etc.) 剥去(外皮) 4  strip (a person) of wealth by extortion or exaction 勒索，榨取(某人)的财富 □ flayer  n.   [Old English flēan, from Germanic]

F-layer n.  the highest and most strongly ionized region of the ionosphere F 层(电离层最高、最强的电离区域) [F (arbitrary) + LAYER]

flea /fli:/ n.  1  a small wingless jumping insect of the order Siphonaptera, feeding on human and other blood 跳蚤 2  a (in full 全称 flea beetle)  a small jumping beetle infesting hops, cabbages, etc. 跳甲(能危害啤酒花藤、白菜等)b (in full 全称 water flea)  daphnia 水蚤 □ a flea in one's ear   a sharp reproof 尖刻的责难，刺耳的话 [Old English flēa, flēah, from Germanic]

fleabag /ˈfli:bæɡ/ n. slang  a shabby or unattractive person or thing [俚语]破旧的东西；令人讨厌的人；邋遢的人

fleabane /ˈfli:bein/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Inula or Pulicaria (daisy family), formerly thought to drive away fleas 飞蓬(菊科植物，旧时认为可驱跳蚤)

flea bite n.  1  the bite of a flea 蚤咬；蚤咬的红斑 2  a trivial injury or inconvenience 轻微的伤害；小麻烦

flea-bitten adj.  1  bitten by or infested with fleas 被蚤咬的；生蚤的 2  shabby 破旧的；邋遢的

flea-bug n. US [美]  = FLEA 2a 

flea-circus n.  a show of performing fleas 跳蚤表演

flea collar n.  an insecticidal collar for pets (宠物所戴含有杀虫剂的)灭蚤颈圈

flea market n.  a street market selling second-hand goods etc. 跳蚤市场(街道上销售旧货等的市场)

fleapit /ˈfli:pit/ n. Brit.  a dingy dirty place, esp. a run-down cinema [英]蚤窝(指昏暗肮脏的地方，尤指破败的电影院)

fleawort /ˈfli:wɜ:t/ n.  a plant of the genus Tephroseris (daisy family), related to ragwort, formerly thought to drive away fleas 桂根旋复花(菊属植物，旧时认为可驱蚤)

fleck /flek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small patch of colour or light 色斑；光斑  eyes with green flecks  绿眼睛 2  a small particle or speck, esp. of dust 微粒(尤指尘土微粒) 3  a spot on the skin; a freckle (皮肤的)斑点，雀斑 ●v. tr.  mark with flecks; dapple; variegate 使有斑点；使成斑驳；使成杂色 [perhaps from Old Norse flekkr (n.), flekka (v.), or Middle Low German, Middle Dutch vlecke, Old High German flec, fleccho]

flection var.  of FLEXION  FLEXION 的变体

fled past and past part.  of FLEE 

fledge /fledʒ/ v.  1 intr. (of a bird) grow feathers (鸟)长羽毛 2 tr.  provide (an arrow) with feathers 给(箭)装上羽毛 3 tr.  bring up (a young bird) until it can fly 把(小鸟)养到能够飞翔 4 tr. (as 作 fledged adj.)  a  able to fly 能飞翔的b  independent; mature 独立的；成熟的 5 tr.  deck or provide with feathers or down 用羽毛(或绒羽)装饰；给…装上羽毛(或绒毛) [obsolete fledge (adj.) ‘fit to fly’, from Old English, from a Germanic root related to FLY1]

fledgling /ˈfledʒliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 fledgeling)  1  a young bird 幼鸟 2  an inexperienced person 无经验的人 [FLEDGE + -LING1]

flee /fli:/ v. (past and past part. fled /fled/)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, before)  a  run away 逃走，逃掉b  seek safety by fleeing 逃避，逃开 2 tr.  run away from; leave abruptly; shun 逃离；突然离开；避开  fled the room  逃离房间 fled his attentions  避开他的殷勤 3 intr.  vanish; cease; pass away 消失，消散；消逝；停止 [Old English flēon, from Germanic]

fleece /fli:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the woolly covering of a sheep or a similar animal 绵羊(或类似动物)的毛b  the amount of wool sheared from a sheep at one time 从一只羊身上一次剪得的羊毛 2  something resembling a fleece, esp. 羊毛状物，尤指 :a  a woolly or rough head of hair 卷曲(或蓬乱)的头发b  a soft warm fabric with a pile, used esp. as a lining (带绒面的)柔软暖和的织物，绒头织物(尤用作衬里)c  a white cloud, a blanket of snow, etc. 白云(或积雪等) 3 Heraldry  a representation of a fleece suspended from a ring 【纹章学】(腰间系一条带子，有头和四肢的整个)羊毛图形 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  strip (a person) of money, valuables, etc.; swindle 掠夺(某人)的钱财(或贵重物品等)；诈取，敲诈 2  remove the fleece from (a sheep etc.); shear 给(绵羊等)剪毛 3  cover as if with a fleece 羊毛似地覆盖  a sky fleeced with clouds  白云朵朵的天空 □ fleeceable  adj.  □ fleeced  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English flēos, flēs, from West Germanic]

fleece-picker n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = FLEECYn. 

fleecy /ˈfli:si/ adj. & n. ●adj. (fleecier, fleeciest)  1  of or like a fleece 羊毛的；羊毛似的 2  covered with a fleece 覆盖羊毛的 ●n. (also 亦作 fleecie) (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ  a person whose job is to pick up fleeces in a shearing shed [澳新] (作为工作在剪毛棚里)捡拾羊毛的人，拾毛工 □ fleecily  adv.  □ fleeciness  n.  

fleer /fli:ə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  laugh impudently or mockingly; sneer; jeer 嘲笑；嘲弄；讥笑 ●n.  a mocking look or speech 嘲笑挖苦的表情(或言语) [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian & Swedish dialect flira ‘to grin’]

fleet1 /fli:t/ n.  1  a  a number of warships under one commander-in-chief 舰队b (prec. by 前接 the)  all the warships and merchant ships of a nation 一国的全部战舰和商船；海军 2  a number of ships, aircraft, buses, lorries, taxis, etc. operating together or owned by one proprietor (一起行动或同属某一业主的)船队(或机群、公共汽车队、卡车队、出租车队等) [Old English flēot ‘ship, shipping’ from flēotan ‘float’, FLEET5]

fleet2 /fli:t/ adj. poet. or literary  swift; nimble [诗] [文学用语]快速的，敏捷的 □ fleetly  adv.  □ fleetness  n.   [probably from Old Norse fljótr, from Germanic: cf. FLEET5]

fleet3 /fli:t/ n. Brit. dial. [英方]  1  a creek; an inlet 小湾；通海的小湾 2 (作 the Fleet)  a  an underground stream running into the Thames east of Fleet St (伦敦)弗利特河(一条流入舰队街(一译弗利特街)东部泰晤士河的地下小河)b hist.  a prison that stood near it [史义] (靠近弗利特河的)弗利特监狱 [Old English flēot, from Germanic: cf. FLEET5]

fleet4 /fli:t/ adj. & adv. Brit. dial. [英方] ●adj. (of water) shallow (水)浅的 ●adv.  at or to a small depth 浅，不深地  plough fleet  浅耕 [origin uncertain: perhaps from Old English, related to FLEET5]

fleet5 /fli:t/ v. intr. archaic [古义]  1  glide away; vanish; be transitory 滑走；消失；转瞬即逝 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away) (of time) pass rapidly; slip away (时间)飞逝；流逝 3  move swiftly; fly 快速移动；掠过；疾飞 [Old English flēotan ‘float, swim’, from Germanic]

Fleet Admiral n. US [美]  = ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET 

Fleet Air Arm n. hist.  the aviation service of the Royal Navy [史义] (英国)皇家海军航空兵

fleet-footed adj.  nimble; fast on one's feet 敏捷的；脚步快的 [FLEET2]

fleeting /ˈfli:tiŋ/ adj.  transitory; brief 飞逝的；短暂的 □ fleetingly  adv.   [FLEET5 + -ING2]

Fleet Street n.  1  the London press 舰队街 ((一译弗利特街)伦敦市中心的一条街道，以报馆集中著称) 2  British journalism or journalists 英国报界，英国新闻界；英国新闻工作者，报界人士

Fleming /ˈflemiŋ/ n.  1  a native of medieval Flanders in the Low Countries 佛兰芒人(中世纪低地国家(指西欧的荷兰、比利时、卢森堡三国)的佛兰德斯人) 2  a member of a Flemish-speaking people inhabiting N. and W. Belgium (cf. 参见 WALLOON) 讲佛兰芒语的比利时人(居住在比利时北部和西部) [Old English via Old Norse Flœmingi & Middle Dutch Vlɑˉming from the root of Vlaanderen ‘Flanders’]

Flemish /ˈflemiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Flanders 佛兰德斯的 ●n.  1  the language of the Flemings 佛兰芒语 2 (作 the Flemish) (pl.)  Flemings 佛兰芒人 [Middle Dutch Vlɑˉmisch (as FLEMING)]

Flemish bond n. Building  a bond in which each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers 【建】荷兰式砌合(丁砖与顺砖交错时层间接缝也相互交错的砌合法)

flense /flens/ v. tr. (also 亦作 flench /flen(t)ʃ/, flinch /flin(t)ʃ/)  1  cut up (a whale or seal) 割碎(鲸鱼或海豹) 2  flay (a seal) 剥(海豹)的皮 [Danish flense: cf. Norwegian flinsa, flunsa ‘flay’]

flesh /fleʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the soft, esp. muscular, substance between the skin and bones of an animal or a human 肉b  plumpness; fat 肥胖，丰满；脂肪  has put on flesh  发福了c archaic  meat, esp. excluding poultry, game, and offal [古义] (尤指不包括家禽肉、鸟鱼肉、动物内脏的)食用肉，(供食用的)畜肉，兽肉 2  the body as opposed to the mind or the soul, esp. considered as sinful (与精神或灵魂相对，尤指被认为有罪的)肉体 3  the pulpy substance of a fruit or a plant 果肉；植物的肉质部分 4  a  the visible surface of the human body with reference to its colour or appearance 皮肤，人体的表面b  = FLESH COLOUR  5  animal or human life (人或动物的)生命；众生，一切生命 ●v. tr.  1  embody in flesh 赋予…以血肉，使形象生动 2  incite (a hound etc.) by the taste of blood (用血腥味)刺激(猎犬等) 3 literary  initiate, esp. by aggressive or violent means , esp. (尤指): [文学用语] (尤指以攻击性或暴力手段)开始a  use (a sword etc.) for the first time on flesh 第一次把(剑等)刺入肉体b  use (wit, the pen, etc.) for the first time 第一次使用(妙语、笔等)伤人 □ flesh out   make or become substantial (使)变充实□ in the flesh   in bodily form, in person 以肉体形式；本人，亲自□ lose (or put on) flesh   grow thinner or fatter 变瘦(或胖)□ make a person's flesh creep   frighten or horrify a person, esp. with tales of the supernatural etc. (尤指用怪异的故事等)使某人害怕(或毛骨悚然)□ sins of the flesh   unchastity 不贞洁；淫荡□ the way of all flesh   experience common to all humankind 人类共有的经历□ fleshless  adj.   [Old English flœˉsc, from Germanic]

flesh and blood n. & adj. ●n.  1  the body or its substance 血肉之躯，肉体 2  humankind 人类 3  human nature, esp. as being fallible (尤指会犯错)人性 ●adj.  actually living, not imaginary or supernatural 确实存在的，非想像的，非超自然的 □ one's own flesh and blood   near relatives; descendants 亲属；后裔

flesh colour n.  a light brownish pink 肉色 □ flesh-coloured  adj.  

flesher /ˈfleʃə/ n. Sc.  a butcher [苏格兰]屠夫

flesh-fly n. (pl. -flies)  any fly of the family Sarcophagidae that deposits eggs or larvae in dead flesh 麻蝇，肉蝇

fleshings /ˈfleʃiŋz/ n. pl.  an actor's flesh-coloured tights (演员穿的)肉色紧身衣

fleshly /ˈfleʃli/ adj. (fleshlier, fleshliest)  1 (of desire etc.) bodily; lascivious; sensual (欲望等)肉体上的；挑动情欲的；肉欲的 2  mortal, not divine 尘世的，凡人的 3  worldly 世俗的 [Old English flœsclic (as FLESH)]

fleshpots /ˈfleʃpɒts/ n. pl.  luxurious living (Exod. 16:3) 奢侈的生活(源自基督教《圣经·出埃及记》 16:3)

flesh side n.  the side of a hide that adjoined the flesh (皮革的)肉面，皮里

flesh tints n. pl.  flesh colours as rendered by a painter (画家表现的)肉色

flesh wound n.  a wound not reaching a bone or a vital organ 皮肉之伤，轻伤

fleshy /ˈfleʃi/ adj. (fleshier, fleshiest)  1  plump, fat 多肉的，肥胖的 2  of flesh, without bone 肉的；无骨的 3 (of plant or fruit tissue) pulpy (植物或水果组织)肉质的 4  like flesh 肉似的 □ fleshiness  n.  

fletcher /ˈfletʃə/ n. archaic  a maker or seller of arrows [古义]制箭匠；售箭商 [Middle English from Old French flech(i)er, from fleche ‘arrow’]

fleur-de-lis /flɜ:dəˈli:/ n. (also 亦作 fleur-de-lys) (pl. fleurs- pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  the iris flower 鸢尾花 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  a lily composed of three petals bound together near their bases 鸢尾(或百合)花形纹章b  the former royal arms of France 旧时法国王室纹章 [Middle English from Old French flour de lys ‘flower of the lily’]■Usage 用法说明 The usual French pronunciation of fleur-de-lis is /flœrdəlis/ with the final -s sounded. 单词 fleur-de-lis 的法语读音通常为 /flœrdəlis/, 词尾的 -s 要发音。 

fleuret /flʊəˈret, flɜ:-/ n.  an ornament like a small flower 小花形饰品 [French fleurette from fleur ‘flower’]

fleuron /ˈflʊərɒn, ˈflɜ:-/ n.  a flower-shaped ornament on a building, a coin, a book, etc. (建筑物、硬币、书籍等的)花饰；花形图案 [Middle English via Old French floron from flour FLOWER]

fleury /ˈflʊəri/ adj. (also 亦作 flory /ˈflɔ:ri/) Heraldry  decorated with fleurs-de-lis 【纹章学】(纹章)饰以鸢尾(或百合)徽记的 [Middle English from Old French flo(u)ré (as FLEURON)]

flew past  of FLY1  

flews /flu:z/ n. pl.  the hanging lips of a bloodhound etc. (大猎犬等)上唇两旁的下垂部分 [16th c.: origin unknown]

flex1 /fleks/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bend (a joint, limb, etc.) or be bent 弯曲(关节、肢体等)；(关节、肢体等)弯曲 2 tr. & intr.  move (a muscle) or (of a muscle) be moved to bend a joint 活动(肌肉)以屈曲关节；(肌肉)收缩以屈曲关节 3 tr. Geol.  bend (strata) 【地质】折曲(地层) 4 tr. Archaeol.  place (a corpse) with the legs drawn up under the chin 【考古】将(尸体)双腿屈至下巴安葬 [Latin flectere flex- ‘bend’]

flex2 /fleks/ n. Brit.  a flexible insulated cable used for carrying electric current to an appliance [英] (向设备输电的)电缆，皮线，(多股)花线 [abbreviation of FLEXIBLE]

flexible /ˈfleksib(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to bend without breaking; pliable; pliant 柔韧的；易弯曲的；有弹性的 2  easily led; manageable; docile 易领导的；易管理的；温顺的，柔顺的 3  adaptable; versatile; variable 易适应的；通用的；可变通的，灵活的  works flexible hours  工作时间灵活 □ flexibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ flexibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French flexible or Latin flexibilis (as FLEX1)]

flexile /ˈfleksail/ adj. archaic [古义]  1  supple; mobile 易弯曲的；易适应的；灵活的 2  tractable; manageable 易管教的；易管理的；温顺的 3  versatile 通用的；多方面适应的 □ flexility  /-ˈsiliti/ n.   [Latin flexilis (as FLEX1)]

flexion /ˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 flection)  1  a  the act of bending or the condition of being bent, esp. of a limb or joint (尤指肢体或关节的)弯曲，弯曲状态b  a bent part; a curve 弯曲部分；弯曲 2 Gram.  inflection 【语法】屈折，词尾变化 3 Math. 【数】  = FLEXURE 2  □ flexional  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  屈折的，词尾变化的□ flexionless  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  无屈折的，词尾不变化的 [Latin flexio (as FLEX1)]

flexitime /ˈfleksitaim/ n. (N. Amer. also [北美亦] flextime /ˈflekstaim/)  1  a system of working a set number of hours with the starting and finishing times chosen within agreed limits by the employee 弹性工作时间制 2  the hours worked in this way 弹性工作时间 [FLEXIBLE + TIME]

flexography /flekˈsɒɡrəfi/ n. Printing  a rotary letterpress technique using rubber or plastic plates and synthetic inks or dyes for printing on fabrics, plastics, etc., as well as on paper 【印刷】苯胺印刷(术) □ flexographic  /-səˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Latin flexus ‘a bending’ from flectere ‘bend’ + -GRAPHY]

flexor /ˈfleksə/ n. (in full 全称 flexor muscle)  a muscle that bends part of the body (cf. 参见 EXTENSOR) 屈肌 [modern Latin (as FLEX1)]

flexuous /ˈfleksjʊəs/ adj.  full of bends; winding 弯弯曲曲的；蜿蜒的 □ flexuosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ flexuously  adv.   [Latin flexuosus from flexus ‘bending’, formed as FLEX1]

flexure /ˈflekʃə/ n.  1  a  the act of bending or the condition of being bent 弯曲，挠曲b  a bend, curve, or turn 弯曲部，曲折部 2 Math.  the curving of a line, surface, or solid, esp. from a straight line, plane, etc. 【数】拐度，曲率 3 Geol.  the bending of strata under pressure 【地质】单斜挠褶 □ flexural  adj.   [Latin flexura (as FLEX1)]

flibbertigibbet /flibətiˈdʒibit/ n.  a gossiping, frivolous, or restless person 饶舌的人；轻浮的人；好烦躁的人 [imitative of chatter]

flick /flik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a light, sharp, quickly retracted blow with a whip etc. (鞭子等的)轻轻回抽b  the sudden release of a bent finger or thumb, esp. to propel a small object (手指的)轻弹(尤指弹动小物体) 2  a sudden movement or jerk 快而突然的动作 3  a quick turn of the wrist in playing games, esp. in throwing or striking a ball (玩游戏时手腕的)急速挥抖(尤指投球或击球时) 4  a slight, sharp sound 轻击声；轻弹声；啪嗒声 5 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  a cinema film 电影b (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  the cinema 电影院 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, off)  strike or move with a flick 弹掉；轻轻拂去  flicked the ash off his cigar  弹去了雪茄烟的烟灰 flicked away the dust  拂去灰尘 2 tr.  give a flick with (a whip, towel, etc.) (用鞭子、毛巾等)轻打，轻抽 3 intr.  make a flicking movement or sound 轻弹，轻拂，轻打，轻拍；发轻击(或轻弹)声，发啪嗒声 □ flick through   1  turn over (cards, pages, etc.) 翻(卡片、纸张等) 2  a  turn over the pages etc. of, by a rapid movement of the fingers (用手指)快速翻动(纸张等)b  look cursorily through (a book etc.) 浏览(书籍等) [Middle English, imitative]

flicker1 /ˈflikə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (of light) shine unsteadily or fitfully (光)闪烁 2 (of a flame) burn unsteadily, alternately flaring and dying down (火焰)摇曳，明灭不定 3  a (of a flag, a reptile's tongue, an eyelid, etc.) move or wave to and fro; quiver; vibrate (旗子、爬行动物的舌头、眼睑等)往复摆动(或眨动)；飘动；颤动，振动b (of the wind) blow lightly and unsteadily (风)轻轻地吹，飘忽不定地吹 4 (of hope etc.) increase and decrease unsteadily and intermittently (希望等)忽隐忽现，闪现 ●n.  1  a flickering movement or light 闪动，闪烁；摇曳；闪光 2  a brief spell of hope, recognition, etc. 稍纵即逝的希望；短暂的认可 □ flicker out   die away after a final flicker (闪烁一下后)熄灭 [Old English flicorian, flycerian]

flicker2 /ˈflikə/ n.  any woodpecker of the genus Colaptes, native to N. America 金翼啄木鸟(产于北美) [imitative of its call]

flick knife n. Brit.  a weapon with a blade that springs out from the handle when a button is pressed [英]弹簧折刀(一种武器，揿动柄上的按钮刀就会弹出)

flier var.  of FLYER  FLYER 的变体

flight1 /flait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act or manner of flying through the air 飞行，飞翔；飞行方式  studied swallows' flight  研究过燕子的飞行b  the swift movement or passage of a projectile etc. through the air (射弹等在空中的)快速飞行  the flight of an arrow  箭的飞行 2  a  a journey made through the air or in space 空中(或宇宙)旅行b  a timetabled journey made by an airline 航班的定期飞行c  an RAF or USAF unit of about six aircraft 英国皇家空军(或美国空军)的飞行小队(约有 6 架飞机) 3  a  a flock or large body of birds, insects, etc., esp. when migrating (尤指迁徙中的)一群鸟(或昆虫等)b  a migration 迁徙 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a series, esp. of stairs between floors, or of hurdles across a racetrack 一段楼梯(或阶梯)；(赛道的)一组跨栏  lives up six flights  住的地方要上 6 段楼梯 5  an extravagant soaring, a mental or verbal excursion or sally (of wit etc.) (智慧、妙语等的)奔放，迸发  a flight of fancy  想像的突发 a flight of ambition  雄心勃勃 6  the trajectory and pace of a ball in games (比赛中)球的(飞行)路线和速度 7  the distance that a bird, aircraft, or missile can fly (鸟、飞机或导弹)能飞的距离 8 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a volley 群射，齐发  a flight of arrows  齐发的箭 9  the tail of a dart 镖尾 10  the pursuit of game by a hawk (鹰对猎物的)追逐 11  swift passage (of time) (时间的)飞逝 ●v. tr.  1 Brit.  vary the trajectory and pace of (a cricket ball etc.) [英]改变(板球等的)飞行路线和速度 2  provide (an arrow) with feathers 给(箭)装上羽毛 3  shoot (wildfowl etc.) in flight 射击(飞行中的飞禽等) □ in the first (or top) flight   taking a leading place 占首位，领先□ take (or wing) one's flight   fly 飞行，飞翔 [Old English flyht from West Germanic: related to FLY1]

flight2 /flait/ n.  1  a  the act or manner of fleeing 逃跑，逃走b  a hasty retreat 仓皇撤退 2 Econ.  the selling of currency, investments, etc. in anticipation of a fall in value 【经】(货币、投资等的)抽逃，外逃  flight from sterling  从英币外逃 □ put to flight   cause to flee 使逃走□ take (or take to) flight   flee 逃走，逃跑 [Old English from Germanic: related to FLEE]

flight attendant n.  a steward or stewardess on an aeroplane (客机上的)空中服务员

flight bag n.  a small zipped shoulder bag carried by air travellers (空中旅行者携带的带拉链的)背包式小手提包

flight control n.  an internal or external system directing the movement of aircraft 飞行指挥系统；飞机操纵系统

flight deck n.  1  the deck of an aircraft carrier used for take-off and landing (航空母舰的)飞行甲板 2  the accommodation for the pilot, navigator, etc. in an aircraft (飞机的)驾驶舱

flight feather n.  any of the large primary or secondary feathers in a bird's wing, supporting it in flight (鸟翼支持鸟在空中飞行的)拨风羽，飞羽

flightless /ˈflaitlis/ adj. (of a bird etc.) naturally unable to fly (鸟等)生来不能飞的

flight lieutenant n.  an RAF officer next in rank below squadron leader (英)皇家空军上尉

flight officer n. hist.  a rank in the WRAF, corresponding to flight lieutenant [史义] (英)皇家女子空军飞行军官(相当于皇家空军上尉)

flight path n.  the planned course of an aircraft or spacecraft (飞机或宇宙飞船的)飞行路线，航迹

flight plan n. Aeron.  the pre-arranged plan for a particular flight 【空】飞行计划

flight recorder n.  a device in an aircraft to record technical details during a flight, that may be used in the event of an accident to discover its cause (自动记录飞行情况以便发生事故时寻找原因的)飞行记录器

flight sergeant n.  a non-commissioned officer in the RAF ranking above chief technician (英)皇家空军上士

flight-test v. tr.  test (an aircraft, rocket, etc.) during flight (飞机、火箭等)飞行试验

flighty /ˈflaiti/ adj. (flightier, flightiest)  1 (usu. of a girl) frivolous, fickle, changeable (通常指女子)轻浮的，反复无常的 2  crazy 疯癫的；发痴的 □ flightily  adv.  □ flightiness  n.   [FLIGHT1 + -Y1]

flimflam /ˈflimflæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a trifle; nonsense; idle talk 无聊话；胡言乱语；废话 2  humbug; deception 诡计；欺诈，欺骗 ●v. tr. (flimflammed, flimflamming)  cheat; deceive 欺骗；欺诈 □ flimflammer  n.  □ flimflammery  n. (pl. -ies)   [imitative reduplication]

flimsy /ˈflimzi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (flimsier, flimsiest)  1  lightly or carelessly assembled; insubstantial, easily damaged 组装粗略的；不坚固的，易损坏的  a flimsy structure  不结实的结构 2 (of an excuse etc.) unconvincing (理由等)不足信的  a flimsy pretext  站不住脚的借口 3  paltry; trivial; superficial 无价值的；微不足道的；浅薄的，肤浅的  a flimsy play  无价值的戏剧 4 (of clothing) thin (衣服)薄的  a flimsy blouse  薄的短上衣 ●n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1  a  very thin paper 极薄的纸b  a document, esp. a copy, made on this 文件(尤指薄纸上的文件) 2  a flimsy thing, esp. women's underwear 薄的东西(尤指妇女的内衣) □ flimsily  adv.  □ flimsiness  n.   [18th c.: probably from FLIMFLAM]

flinch1 /ˈflin(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  draw back in pain or expectation of a blow etc.; wince (因痛疼或预料到要受打击等而)退缩；畏缩 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  give way; shrink, turn aside 退让；退缩；避开  flinched from his duty  逃避他的义务 ●n.  an act or instance of flinching 退缩；畏缩 □ flincher  n.  □ flinchingly  adv.   [Old French flenchir, flainchir, from West Germanic]

flinch2 var.  of FLENSE  FLENSE 的变体

flinders /ˈflindəz/ n. pl.  fragments; splinters 碎片；破片 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian]

fling /fliŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. flung /flʌŋ/)  1 tr.  throw or hurl (an object) forcefully (用力地)扔(或抛) (物体)，掷，丢 2 refl.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  rush headlong (into a person's arms, a train, etc.) 扑进(某人的怀抱)；冲上(火车等)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  embark wholeheartedly (on an enterprise) 全身心投入(某项事业)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  throw (oneself) on a person's mercy etc. 使(自身)完全听任他人摆布 3 tr.  utter (words) forcefully 强有力地说(话) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  suddenly spread (the arms) 突然张开(双臂) 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, off)  put on or take off (clothes) carelessly or rapidly 随便(或匆忙)地穿上(或脱下) (衣服) 6 intr.  go angrily or violently; rush 愤怒(或猛烈)地冲，直奔，猛冲  flung out of the room  冲出房间 7 tr.  put or send suddenly or violently 突然(或粗暴)地放到(或送到) (某处)  was flung into jail  被投进监狱 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  discard or put aside thoughtlessly or rashly (轻率地)抛弃(或撇在一边)  flung away their reputation  丢弃了他们的名声 9 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) (of a horse etc.) kick and plunge (马等)又踢又跳 10 tr. archaic  send, emit (sound, light, smell) [古义]发出(声音、光线、气味) ●n.  1  an act or instance of flinging; a throw; a plunge 扔，抛，掷；猛冲 2  a spell of indulgence or wild behaviour 一时的放纵(或尽情行乐)  he's had his fling  他已恣意玩乐了一番 3  an impetuous, whirling Scottish dance, esp. the Highland fling (活泼奔放的)苏格兰舞(尤指苏格兰高地舞) □ have a fling at   1  make an attempt at 尝试，试做 2  jeer at 嘲弄，嘲笑□ flinger  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse]

flint /flint/ n.  1  a  a hard grey stone of nearly pure silica occurring naturally as nodules or bands in chalk 燧石b  a piece of this esp. as flaked or ground to form a primitive tool or weapon (尤指凿成或磨成原始工具或武器的)燧石块，燧石片；石器 2  a piece of hard alloy of rare-earth metals used to give an igniting spark in a cigarette lighter etc. (打火机等用的)电石 3  a piece of flint used with steel to produce fire, esp. in a flintlock gun (尤指燧发枪用的)火石 4  anything hard and unyielding 坚硬物 □ flinty  adj. (flintier, flintiest)  □ flintily  adv.  □ flintiness  n.   [Old English]

flint corn n.  a variety of maize having hard translucent grains 硬质种玉米

flint glass n.  a pure lustrous kind of glass originally made with flint 燧石玻璃，火石玻璃，无色玻璃

flintlock /ˈflintlɒk/ n. hist. [史义]  1  an old type of gun fired by a spark from a flint 燧发枪，明火枪 2  the lock producing such a spark 燧发机

flip1 /flip/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (flipped, flipping)  1 tr.  a  flick or toss (a coin, pellet, etc.) with a quick movement so that it spins in the air 弹(或掷) (硬币、小球等)使之在空中翻转b  remove (a small object) from a surface with a flick of the fingers (用手指)弹击移动(小物体) 2 tr.  a  strike or flick (a person's ear, cheek, etc.) lightly or smartly 轻击(或轻弹) (某人的耳朵、面颊等)，轻拍b  move (a fan, whip, etc.) with a sudden jerk 猛然挥动(扇子、鞭子等) 3 tr.  turn (a small object) over 翻转(小物体) 4 intr.  a  make a fillip or flicking noise with the fingers (用指头)轻弹；发弹指声b (foll. by 后跟 at)  strike smartly at 轻击，轻打 5 intr.  move about with sudden jerks 颠簸地移动 6 intr. slang  become suddenly angry, excited, or enthusiastic; go mad [俚语]突然变得生气(或激动、满腔热情)；发疯 ●n.  1  a smart light blow; a flick 轻击，轻弹；轻拂 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  a short pleasure flight in an aircraft (乘飞机作的)短距离娱乐性飞行b  a quick tour etc. 短期的旅行 3  an act of flipping over 突然的翻转  gave the stone a flip  一下把石头翻过来 ●adj. colloq.  glib; flippant [口]油腔滑调的；无礼的，鲁莽的；轻率的 □ flip one's lid  slang [俚语]  1  lose self-control 失去自制力 2  go mad 发疯□ flip through   = flick through  [probably from FILLIP]

flip2 /flip/ n.  1  a drink of heated beer and spirit (啤酒和烈酒加热而成的)饮料酒 2  = EGG-NOG  [perhaps from FLIP1 in the sense ‘whip up’]

flip chart n.  a large pad erected on a stand and bound so that one page can be turned over at the top to reveal the next 活动挂图，配套挂图

flip-flop /ˈflipflɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. plastic or rubber sandal with a thong between the big and second toe (通常为塑料或橡胶的)夹趾拖鞋，人字拖鞋 2 N. Amer.  a backward somersault [北美]后手翻 3  an electronic switching circuit changed from one stable state to another, or through an unstable state back to its stable state, by a triggering pulse 触发电路；触发器；双稳态多谐振荡器 4 esp. US  an abrupt reversal of policy [尤美] (政策的)突然倒转，突变 ●v. intr. (-flopped, -flopping)  move with a sound or motion suggested by ‘flip-flop’ 啪嗒啪嗒地响(或动) [imitative]

flippant /ˈflip(ə)nt/ adj.  lacking in seriousness; treating serious things lightly; disrespectful 轻率的；草率的；无礼的 □ flippancy  n.  □ flippantly  adv.   [FLIP1 + -ANT]

flipper /ˈflipə/ n.  1  a broadened limb of a turtle, penguin, etc., used in swimming (海龟、企鹅等的)鳍状肢 2  a flat rubber etc. attachment worn on the foot for underwater swimming (水下游泳时穿在脚上的橡皮等)脚蹼，鸭脚板 3 slang  a hand [俚语]手

flipping /ˈflipiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang  expressing annoyance, or as an intensifier [英] [俚语] (表示厌恶或用作强调词)该死的，讨厌之极的，糟透的；极，非常  where's the flipping towel?  该死的毛巾哪去了？ he flipping beat me  他往死里打我 [FLIP1 + -ING2]

flip side n. colloq. [口]  1  the less important side of a gramophone record 唱片次要的一面，唱片的反面 2  the reverse or a concomitant of a thing (事物的)对立物(或伴随物)

flirt /flɜ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  behave in a frivolously amorous or sexually enticing manner 调情；卖俏 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  superficially interest oneself (with an idea etc.) 肤浅地对(某想法等)感兴趣b  trifle (with danger etc.) 轻率地对待(危险等)  flirted with disgrace  不拿丢脸当回事 3 tr.  wave or move (a fan, a bird's tail, etc.) briskly 轻快地摆动(或挥动) (扇子、鸟尾等) 4 intr. & tr.  move or cause to move with a jerk (使)猝然一动 ●n.  1  a person who indulges in flirting 调情者；卖俏者 2  a quick movement; a sudden jerk 快速的摆动；猛然的颠簸；急抽，猛推 □ flirtation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ flirtatious  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.  □ flirtatiously  /-ˈteiʃəsli/ adv.  □ flirtatiousness  /-ˈteiʃəsnis/ n.  □ flirty  adj. (flirtier, flirtiest)   [imitative]

flit /flit/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (flitted, flitting)  1  move lightly, softly, or rapidly 轻柔(或快速)地移动  flitted from one room to another  轻轻地从一个房间走到另一个房间 2  fly lightly; make short flights 轻盈地飞；作短距离飞行  flitted from branch to branch  在树枝间飞来飞去 3 Brit. colloq.  leave one's house etc. secretly to escape creditors or obligations [英口]偷偷离开家等(以躲避债主或义务) 4 esp. Sc. & N. Engl.  change one's home; move [尤苏格兰和英格兰北部]搬家；迁移 ●n.  1  an act of flitting 轻快的移动(或飞行)；掠 2 (also 亦作 moonlight flit)  a secret change of abode in order to escape creditors etc. (为躲避债主等而偷偷进行的)搬迁，搬家；变换住所 □ flitter  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse flytja: related to FLEET5]

flitch /flitʃ/ n.  1  a side of bacon 腌熏猪肋肉 2  a slab of timber from a tree trunk, usu. from the outside (木材的)背板，料板，板皮 3 (in full 全称 flitch-plate)  a strengthening plate in a beam etc. (组梁)贴板，桁板，组合板 [Old English flicce, from Germanic]

flitch beam n.  a compound beam, esp. of an iron plate between two slabs of wood (尤指两块木板间夹铁板的)组合板梁

flitter /ˈflitə/ v. intr.  flit about; flutter 飞来飞去；匆忙来往 [FLIT + -ER4]

flitter-mouse n.  = BAT2 

flivver /ˈflivə/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a cheap car or aircraft 廉价小汽车(或飞机) 2  a failure 失败 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

flixweed /ˈflikswi:d/ n.  a cruciferous plant, Descurainia sophia, formerly thought to cure dysentery 播娘蒿(一种十字花科植物，旧时认为可治疗痢疾) [earlier fluxweed]

Flo /fləu/   弗洛 [人名]

float /fləʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  a  rest or move or cause (a buoyant object) to rest or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking (使)漂浮；(使)浮动b  get afloat or set (a stranded ship) afloat 浮起；使(搁浅的船)浮起 2 intr.  move with a liquid or current of air; drift 漂流；飘动  the clouds floated high up  高空中云彩飘过 3 intr. colloq. [口]  a  move in a leisurely or casual way 悠闲(或随意)地走动，游荡  floated about humming quietly  一边轻声哼唱一边溜达b (often foll. by 常后跟 before)  hover before the eye or mind (在眼前或脑海中)漂浮，浮现  the prospect of lunch floated before them  他们的脑子一直在想着午饭 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  move or be suspended freely in a liquid or a gas (在液体或气体中自由)浮动，悬浮 5 tr.  a  bring (a company, scheme, etc.) into being; launch 开办(公司)；提出(计划等)；开始b  offer (stock, shares, etc.) on the stock market (在股票市场)发行(股票、股份等) 6 Commerce 【商业】  a intr. (of currency) be allowed to have a fluctuating exchange rate (指货币)允许有浮动汇率b tr.  cause (currency) to float 使(货币)浮动c intr. (of an acceptance) be in circulation (承兑汇票)在流通中 7 tr. (of water etc.) support; bear along (a buoyant object) (水等)支撑(浮体)，载起 8 intr. & tr.  circulate or cause (a rumour or idea) to circulate (使) (流言或思想)流传，传播 9 tr.  waft (a buoyant object) through the air 使(浮体)在空中飘荡 10 tr. archaic  cover with liquid; inundate [古义]淹没；使满溢 ●n.  1  a thing that floats, esp. 漂浮物(尤指):a  a raft 木筏b  a cork or quill on a fishing line as an indicator of a fish biting (钓线上的)鱼漂，浮子c  a cork supporting the edge of a fishing net (鱼网的)浮子d  a hollow or inflated part or organ supporting an organism in the water; an air bladder (水生物的)浮囊；气囊，鳔e  a hollow structure fixed underneath an aircraft enabling it to float on water (水上飞机的)浮筒f  a floating device on the surface of water, petrol, etc., controlling the flow (在液面上控制水、汽油等流动的)浮球 2 Brit.  a small vehicle or cart, esp. one powered by electricity [英]小型车辆(尤指电瓶车)  milk float  送奶电瓶车 3  a platform mounted on a lorry and carrying a display in a procession etc. (游行等时安装在卡车上装载展品的)展台；彩车 4 Brit. [英]  a  a sum of money used at the beginning of a period of selling in a shop, a fête, etc. to provide change (商店、义卖会等销售期开始时找零用的)备用零钱b  a small sum of money for minor expenditure; petty cash (一小笔)日常零用钱；零用现金 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) Brit. Theatr.  footlights [英]【戏】(舞台的)脚灯 6  a tool used for smoothing plaster (泥工用的)镘刀 7  a soft drink with a scoop of ice cream floating in it 里面漂有一勺冰淇淋的软饮料 □ floatable  adj.  □ floatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English flot, flotian ‘float’, flota ‘ship’, and Old Norse flota, floti related to FLEET5: in Middle English influenced by Old French floter]

floatage /ˈfləʊtidʒ/ n.  1  the act or state of floating 漂浮；漂浮的状态 2 Brit. [英]  a  floating objects or masses; flotsam 漂浮的物体(或团块)；(遇难船只的)漂浮残骸及其货物b  the right of appropriating flotsam 对遇难船只漂浮物的占有权 3  a  ships etc. afloat on a river 河上漂浮着的船只等b  the part of a ship above the waterline 水线以上的船体部分 4  buoyancy; floating power 浮力

floatation var.  of FLOTATION  FLOTATION 的变体

float-board n.  one of the boards of a waterwheel or paddle wheel (水车的)蹼板，承水板；(明轮的)轮叶

floatel /fləʊˈtel/ n.  a floating hotel 漂浮旅馆 [blend of FLOAT and HOTEL]

floater /ˈfləʊtə/ n.  1  a person or thing that floats 漂浮者；漂浮物 2  a floating voter 浮动选民(不必效忠任何政党的投票人)，无党派投票人 3 Brit. slang  a mistake; a gaffe [英] [俚语]错误，过失；失礼，失言 4  a person who frequently changes occupation 常变换职业者，无固定职业者 5 Stock Exch.  a government stock certificate etc. recognized as a security 【股】(被公认为可靠担保品的)政府证券等

float glass n.  a kind of glass made by drawing the molten glass continuously on to a surface of molten metal for hardening 平板玻璃，浮法玻璃

floating /ˈfləʊtiŋ/ adj.  not settled in a definite place; fluctuating; variable 不固定的；流动的；浮动的；变化的  the floating population  流动人口 □ floatingly  adv.  

floating anchor n.  a sea anchor 浮锚，海锚，流锚

floating bridge n.  1  a bridge on pontoons etc. 浮桥 2  a ferry working on chains 缆索渡轮(用缆索拖引的渡轮)

floating debt n.  a debt repayable on demand, or at a stated time 流动债务(一经要求或在规定时间必须偿付的债务)

floating dock n.  a floating structure usable as a dry dock 浮船坞，浮坞

floating kidney n.  1  an abnormal condition in which the kidneys are unusually movable 游动肾，浮游肾(肾病名称) 2  such a kidney 患浮游病的肾

floating light n.  1  a lightship 灯船 2  a lifebuoy with a lantern (夜间使用的)带灯救生圈

floating point n. Computing  a decimal point that does not occupy a fixed position in the numbers processed 【计算】浮点 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : floating-point operations  浮点运算

floating rib n.  any of the lower ribs, which are not attached to the breastbone 浮肋，浮动弓肋

floating voter n.  a voter without allegiance to any political party 浮动选民(不必效忠任何政党的投票人)，无党派投票人

float process n.  the process used to make float glass 平板玻璃制造法，浮法玻璃生产法

float-stone n.  a light, porous stone that floats 浮石，漂石

floaty /ˈfləʊti/ adj. esp. Brit. (esp. of a woman's garment or a fabric) light and airy [尤英] (尤指女服或织品)轻而薄的 [FLOAT]

floc /flɒk/ n.  a flocculent mass of fine particles 絮凝物，絮状沉淀 [abbreviation of FLOCCULUS]

flocculate /ˈflɒkjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  form into flocculent masses (使)絮凝，(使)絮结 □ flocculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

floccule /ˈflɒkju:l/ n.  a small portion of matter resembling a tuft of wool 絮状物，绒聚物

flocculent /ˈflɒkjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  like tufts of wool 羊毛束状的 2  consisting of or showing tufts, downy 由絮状物构成的；含絮状物的；覆有绒毛的；毛绒绒的 3 Chem. (of precipitates) loosely massed 【化】絮凝的，絮结的 □ flocculence  n.   [Latin floccus FLOCK2]

flocculus /ˈflɒkjʊləs/ n. (pl. flocculi /-lai, -li:/)  1  a floccule 絮状物，绒聚物，绒毛 2 Anat.  a small ovoid lobe in the undersurface of the cerebellum 【解】(小脑)绒球 3 Astron.  a small cloudy wisp on the sun's surface 【天】(太阳表面的)小谱斑 [modern Latin, diminutive of FLOCCUS]

floccus /ˈflɒkəs/ n. (pl. flocci /ˈflɒksai/)  a tuft of woolly hairs or filaments 绒毛丛；絮状物 [Latin, = FLOCK2]

flock1 /flɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a number of animals of one kind, esp. birds, feeding, resting, or travelling together (同一种动物，尤指鸟的)一群b  a number of domestic animals, esp. sheep, goats, or geese, kept together 一群家畜(尤指绵羊、山羊或鹅) 2  a large crowd of people 一大群人 3  a  a Christian congregation or body of believers, esp. in relation to one minister (尤指同一牧师所照管的)全体基督教教徒b  a family of children, a number of pupils, etc. 一家的孩子；一群小学生 ●v. intr.  1  congregate; mass 群集，聚集 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, in, out, together)  go together in a crowd; troop 成群活动；蜂拥  thousands flocked to Wembley  数千人涌向文布利 [Old English flocc]

flock2 /flɒk/ n.  1  a lock or tuft of wool, cotton, etc. (羊毛、棉花等的)一束(或一簇) 2  a (also in pl. 亦用复数 ; often 常作 attrib.)  material for quilting and stuffing made of wool refuse or torn-up cloth (填塞用的)废羊毛(或碎布)  a flock pillow  毛心枕头b  powdered wool or cloth 毛屑；绒屑；布屑 □ flocky  adj.   [Middle English via Old French floc from Latin floccus]

flock paper n. (also 亦作 flock wallpaper)  wallpaper sized and sprinkled with powdered wool to make a raised pattern (糊墙用的)毛面纸，植绒壁纸

floe /fləʊ/ n.  a sheet of floating ice 成片的浮冰；浮冰块 [probably from Norwegian flo, from Old Norse fló ‘layer’]

flog /flɒɡ/ v. (flogged, flogging)  1 tr.  a  beat with a whip, stick, etc. (as a punishment or to urge on) (作为惩罚或为了驱策而用鞭子、棍棒等)抽打，敲打b  make work through violent effort 费力地使…工作  flogged the engine  费力地让发动机运转起来 2 tr. slang [俚语]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 off) Brit.  sell [英]卖b  offer for sale 出售 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of)  drive (a quality, knowledge, etc.) into or out of a person, esp. by physical punishment (尤指通过肉体惩罚)向某人灌输(或使某人舍弃) (某种品质、知识等)；驱使，迫使 4 intr. & refl. Brit. slang  proceed by violent or painful effort [英] [俚语]费力地进行 □ flog a dead horse   waste energy on something unalterable 鞭打死马；做无用功，徒劳无益□ flog to death  colloq.  talk about or promote at tedious length [口]长时间枯燥地谈论(或宣传)□ flogger  n.   [17th-c.: probably imitative or from Latin flagellare ‘to whip’]

flong /flɒŋ/ n. Printing  prepared paper for making stereotype moulds 【印刷】纸型用纸，纸型纸板 [French flan FLAN]

flood /flʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an overflowing or influx of water beyond its normal confines, esp. over land; an inundation (水的)泛滥；水灾b  the water that overflows 洪水 2  a  an outpouring of water; a torrent 倾泄；急流，洪流  a flood of rain  一阵暴雨b  something resembling a torrent 似急流的东西  a flood of tears  泪流如注 a flood of relief  潮水般涌来的救济品 3  the inflow of the tide 涨潮 also in comb. 亦用于复合词 : flood tide  涨潮 4 colloq.  a floodlight [口]泛光灯，强力照明灯；泛光照明 5 (作 the Flood)  the flood described in Genesis (《圣经·创世纪》中所记载的)灭世洪水 6 poet.  a river; a stream; a sea [诗]河流；小溪；海洋 ●v.  1 tr.  a  cover with or overflow in a flood 淹没；使泛滥  rain flooded the cellar  雨水淹没了地窖b  overflow as if with a flood 洪水般地涌满，涌进；充满，充斥  the market was flooded with foreign goods  市场上充斥着外国商品 2 tr.  irrigate 浇灌，灌溉  flooded the paddy fields  灌溉了稻田 3 tr.  deluge (a burning house, a mine, etc.) with water 用水浇(着火的房子、矿井等) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, through)  arrive in great quantities 大量涌入  complaints flooded in  投诉潮水般涌来 fear flooded through them  他们心中充满了恐惧 5 intr.  become inundated 发大水，泛滥  the bathroom flooded  浴室满地是水 6 tr.  overfill (a carburettor) with petrol 使(汽化器)溢流 7 intr.  experience a uterine haemorrhage 患子宫出血，患血崩 8 tr. (of rain etc.) fill (a river) to overflowing (雨等)使(河流)泛滥 □ flood out   drive out (of one's home etc.) with a flood 洪水迫使…离开(家园等) [Old English flōd, from Germanic]

flood and field n.  sea and land 海洋和陆地

floodgate /ˈflʌdɡeit/ n.  1  a gate opened or closed to admit or exclude water, esp. the lower gate of a lock 水闸，(泄)水闸门；防洪闸门 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a last restraint holding back tears, rain, anger, etc. (泪水、雨水、愤怒等的)控制极限

floodlight /ˈflʌdlait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large powerful light (usu. one of several) to illuminate a building, sports ground, stage, etc. (照亮大楼、运动场、舞台等的)泛光灯，强力照明灯 2  the illumination so provided 泛光照明 ●v. tr. (past and past part. floodlit)  illuminate with floodlights 用泛光灯照亮

flood tide n.  the periodical exceptional rise of the tide because of lunar or solar attraction 涨潮，升潮

flood water n.  the water left by flooding 洪水

floor /flɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the lower surface of a room (房间的)地面，地板b  the boards etc. of which it is made (铺室内地面用的)木板等 2  a  the bottom of the sea, a cave, a cavity, etc. (海洋、洞穴、凹地等的)底b  any level area 平坦地区，平地 3  all the rooms etc. on the same level of a building; a storey 同一层楼的所有房间等；楼层  lives on the ground floor  住在一楼 walked up to the sixth floor  走到 7 楼 4  a (in a legislative assembly) the part of the house in which members sit and from which they speak (议会中的)议员席位b  the right to speak next in debate (议会辩论中下一个发言的)发言权  gave him the floor  他被允许下一个发言 5 Stock Exch.  the large central hall where trading takes place 【股】交易厅 6  the minimum of prices, wages, etc. (物价、工资等的)最低限度 7 colloq.  the ground [口]场地 ●v. tr.  1  furnish with a floor; pave 为…铺设地面(或地板) 2  bring to the ground; knock (a person) down 把…打倒在地；击倒(某人) 3 colloq.  confound, baffle [口]使困惑，难倒  was floored by the puzzle  被那个难题难住了 4 colloq.  get the better of; overcome [口]战胜；击败，克服 5  serve as the floor of 作…的地板(或地面)  leopard skins floored the hall  豹子皮铺在大厅的地面上 □ from the floor  (of a speech etc.) given by a member of the audience, not by those on the platform etc. (演讲等)由听众而非台上的人作的□ take the floor   1  begin to dance on a dance floor etc. (在舞池等中)起步跳舞 2  speak in a debate (在辩论中)发言□ floorless  adj.   [Old English flōr, from Germanic]

floorboard /ˈflɔ:bɔ:d/ n.  a long wooden board used for flooring (铺地面用的)木板

floorcloth /ˈflɔ:klɒθ/ n. Brit.  a cloth for washing the floor [英] (擦地板用的)抹布，墩布

floor exercises n. pl. (in gymnastics) a routine of exercises without equipment 自由体操

flooring /ˈflɔ:riŋ/ n.  the boards etc. of which a floor is made 铺地面的木板等

floor lamp n. N. Amer.  a standard lamp [北美]立灯，落地灯

floor leader n. US  the leader of a party in a legislative assembly [美] (议会的)政党领袖

floor-length adj. (esp. of clothing) reaching to the floor (尤指衣服)拖到地面的

floor manager n.  1  the stage manager of a television production 电视节目的舞台监督 2  a shopwalker (百货商店中的)铺面巡视员

floor plan n.  a diagram of the rooms etc. on one storey of a building 楼层平面图，楼面布置图

floor polish n.  a manufactured substance used for polishing floors 地板蜡

floor show n.  an entertainment presented on the floor (as opposed to the stage) of a nightclub etc. 在夜总会等的地板上进行的文娱表演(与舞台表演相对)

floorwalker /ˈflɔ:wɔ:kə/ n. US  a shopwalker [美] (百货商店中的)铺面巡视员

floozie /ˈflu:zi/ n. (also 亦作 floozy) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a girl or a woman, esp. a disreputable one [口] (尤指名声不好的)姑娘(或妇女)；放荡女子 [20th c.: perhaps related to FLOSSY and dialect floosy ‘fluffy’]

flop /flɒp/ v., n. & adv. ●v. intr. (flopped, flopping)  1  sway about heavily or loosely (沉重或松弛地)摆动  hair flopped over his face  头发在他的脸上甩来甩去 2  move in an ungainly way 笨拙地走  flopped along the beach in flippers  穿着脚蹼沿着海滩笨拙地行走 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 down, on, into)  sit, kneel, lie, or fall awkwardly or suddenly (笨拙或突然地)坐下(或跪下、躺下、落下)  flopped down on to the bench  猛地坐到凳子上 4 slang (esp. of a play, film, book, etc.) fail; collapse [俚语] (尤指戏剧、电影、书籍等)失败，不成功  flopped on Broadway  在百老汇失败了 5 slang  sleep [俚语]睡觉 6  make a dull sound as of a soft body landing, or of a flat thing slapping water 发(沉闷的)扑通声；发拍水声 ●n.  1  a  a flopping movement 沉重的下落；拍击b  the sound made by it 扑通声，啪嗒声 2 slang  a failure [俚语]失败 3 esp. US slang  a place to sleep, esp. cheaply [尤美] [俚语] (尤指廉价的)睡觉的地方，廉价旅馆 ●adv.  with a flop 扑通一声 [variant of FLAP]

-flop /flɒp/ comb. form Computing  floating-point operations per second (megaflop 每秒百万次浮点运算) [构词成分]【计算】每秒浮点运算次数 [acronym, originally as -flops, but s for ‘second’ was taken as indicating a plural]

flophouse /ˈflɒphaʊs/ n. slang esp. US  a doss-house [俚语] [尤美] (尤指供流浪者投宿的)廉价客栈，廉价旅馆

floppy /ˈflɒpi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (floppier, floppiest)  tending to flop; not firm or rigid 下垂的；不结实的，不硬的，松软的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 floppy disk) Computing  a flexible removable magnetic disc for the storage of data 【计算】软(磁)盘 □ floppily  adv.  □ floppiness  n.  

floptical /ˈflɒptik(ə)l/ adj. Computing propr.  of, involving, or designed for a type of floppy disk drive using a laser to position the read-write head 【计算】[商标]激光软盘驱动器的；为激光软盘驱动器设计的 [blend of FLOPPY and OPTICAL]

flor. abbr. [缩略]  floruit 

Flora /ˈflɔ:rə/   弗洛拉 [人名]

flora /ˈflɔ:rə/ n. (pl. floras or florae /-ri:/)  1  the plants of a particular region, geological period, or environment (某一特殊地区、地质时期或环境的)植物群 2  a treatise on or list of these 植物志 [modern Latin from the name of the goddess of flowers, from Latin flos floris ‘flower’]

floral /ˈflɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of flowers 花的 2  decorated with or depicting flowers 用花装饰的；描绘花的 3  of flora or floras 植物群的；植物区系的 □ florally  adv.   [Latin floralis or flos floris ‘flower’]

floreat /ˈflɒriæt/ v. intr.  may (he, she, or it) flourish 祝他(或她)事业蒸蒸日上；祝(它)繁荣昌盛 [Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of florēre ‘flourish’]

Florence /ˈflɒrəns/   弗洛伦斯 [人名]

Florence fennel  see 见 FENNEL 3 

Florentine /ˈflɒr(ə)ntain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Florence in Italy (意大利)佛罗伦萨的 2 (作 florentine /-ti:n/) (of a dish) served on a bed of spinach (一道菜)以菠菜填底的 ●n.  1  a native or citizen of Florence 佛罗伦萨人 2  a kind of biscuit consisting mainly of nuts and preserved fruit, coated on one side with chocolate 佛罗伦廷饼干(主要用坚果和果酱制成，一面覆有巧克力) [French Florentin -ine or Latin Florentinus from Florentia ‘Florence’]

florescence /flɔ:ˈres(ə)ns/ n.  the process, state, or time of flowering 开花；开花期 [modern Latin florescentia from Latin florescere, from florēre ‘bloom’]

floret /ˈflɒrit, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  1 Bot.  each of the small flowers making up a composite flower head 【植】(复花序中的)小花 2  each of the flowering stems making up a head of cauliflower, broccoli, etc. (花椰菜、球花甘蓝等球花的)花茎 3  a small flower 小花 [Latin flos floris ‘flower’]

floriate /ˈflɔ:rieit/ v. tr.  decorate with flower-designs etc. 用花卉图案等装饰

floribunda /flɒriˈbʌndə, flɔ:-/ n.  a plant, esp. a rose, bearing dense clusters of flowers (有稠密花簇的)多花植物(尤指玫瑰) [modern Latin from floribundus ‘freely flowering’, from Latin flos floris ‘flower’, influenced by Latin abundus ‘copious’]

floriculture /ˈflɒrikʌltʃə, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  the cultivation of flowers 花卉栽培，花卉园艺 □ floricultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ floriculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin flos floris ‘flower’ + CULTURE, on the pattern of horticulture]

florid /ˈflɒrid/ adj.  1  ruddy; flushed; high-coloured 红润的，血色好的；脸发红的  a florid complexion  红润的面色 2 (of a book, a picture, music, architecture, etc.) elaborately ornate; ostentatious; showy (书籍、绘画、音乐、建筑等)过分装饰的；华丽的；过分艳丽的 3  adorned with or as with flowers; flowery (似)用花装饰的；像花一样的 □ floridity  /-ˈriditi/ n.  □ floridly  adv.  □ floridness  n.   [French floride or Latin floridus from flos floris ‘flower’]

floriferous /flɒˈrif(ə)rəs, flɔ:-/ adj. (of a seed or plant) producing many flowers (种子或植物)多花的 [Latin florifer from flos floris ‘flower’]

florilegium /flɒriˈli:dʒiəm, flɔ:-/ n. (pl. florilegia /-ˈli:dʒiə/ or florilegiums)  an anthology 选集，作品集锦 [modern Latin, from Latin flos floris ‘flower’ + legere ‘gather’, translation of Greek anthologion ANTHOLOGY]

florin /ˈflɒrin/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a  a former British coin and monetary unit worth two shillings 弗罗林(英国旧币中的硬币，值两先令)b  an English gold coin of the 14th c., worth 6s. 8p 弗罗林 (14 世纪英国使用的一种金币，值 6 先令 8 便士) 2  a foreign coin of gold or silver, esp. a Dutch guilder 弗罗林(欧洲其他国家的金币或银币，尤指荷兰货币盾) [Middle English via Old French and Italian fiorino, diminutive of fiore ‘flower’, from Latin flos floris, the original coin bearing a fleur-de-lis]

florist /ˈflɒrist/ n.  a person who deals in or grows flowers 花商；种花者 □ floristry  n.   [Latin flos floris ‘flower’ + -IST]

floristic /fləˈristik/ adj.  relating to the study of the distribution of plants 有关植物分布研究的，(关于)植物种类地理学的 □ floristically  adv.  □ floristics  n.  

Florrie /ˈflɒri/   弗洛里 [人名]

floruit /ˈflɒrʊit, ˈflɔ:r-/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (he or she) was alive and working; flourished (used of a person, esp. a painter, a writer, etc., whose exact dates are unknown) (他或她)在世；在工作；(指人，尤指确切生卒日期不明的画家、作家等)在全盛时期 ●n.  the period or date at which a person lived or worked (某人)生活(或工作)过的时期(或日期)；在世期；工作期 [Latin, = he or she flourished]

flory var.  of FLEURY  FLEURY 的变体

floscular /ˈflɒskjʊlə/ adj. (also 亦作 flosculous /-kjʊləs/) Bot.  having florets or composite flowers 【植】有小花的；有复花序的 [Latin flosculus, diminutive of flos ‘flower’]

floss /flɒs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the rough silk enveloping a silkworm's cocoon (蚕茧外层的)乱丝，粗丝，绪丝 2  untwisted silk thread used in embroidery 绣花用的丝线 3  = DENTAL FLOSS  ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  clean (the teeth) with dental floss 用洁牙线剔(牙齿) [French (soie) floche ‘floss (silk) ’ from Old French flosche ‘down, nap of velvet’]

floss silk n.  a rough silk used in cheap goods (廉价品中用的)粗丝，绪丝

flossy /ˈflɒsi/ adj. (flossier, flossiest)  1  of or like floss 绪丝(般)的，乱丝(般)的；丝线(般)的；柔软的 2 colloq.  fancy, showy [口]花哨的；时髦的；装饰华丽的；穿得漂亮的

flotation /fləʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 floatation)  1  the process of launching or financing a commercial enterprise (商业企业的)开办，创立；(为开办商业企业的)筹款 2  the separation of the components of crushed ore etc. by their different capacities to float 浮选，浮选法(根据矿粉成分浮力的不同而对其进行的浮选分离) 3  the capacity to float 浮力 [alteration of floatation from FLOAT, on the pattern of rotation etc.]

flotilla /fləˈtilə/ n.  1  a small fleet 小舰队；小船队 2  a fleet of boats or small ships 一队小船(或小舰) [Spanish, diminutive of flota ‘fleet’, related to Old French flote ‘multitude’, floter FLOAT]

flotsam /ˈflɒts(ə)m/ n.  wreckage found floating (cf. 参见 JETSAM) (遇难船只的)漂浮残骸 [Anglo-French floteson from floter FLOAT]

flotsam and jetsam n.  1  odds and ends; rubbish 零碎物品；废物 2  vagrants etc. 流浪者，流离失所者

flounce1 /flaʊns/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, about, off, out)  go or move with an agitated, violent, or impatient motion 愤然(猛然或不耐烦地)走动；猝然(或愤然地)离开  flounced out in a huff  怒气冲冲地出去了 ●n.  a flouncing movement 愤然(猛然或不耐烦的)动作 [16th c.: origin unknown: perhaps imitative, as bounce, pounce]

flounce2 /flaʊns/ n. & v. ●n.  a wide ornamental strip of material gathered and sewn to a skirt, dress, etc.; a frill (衣裙等上的)荷叶边；饰边 ●v. tr.  trim with a flounce or flounces 给…镶荷叶边 [alteration of earlier frounce ‘fold, pleat’, from Old French fronce from froncir ‘wrinkle’]

flounder1 /ˈflaʊndə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  struggle in mud, or as if in mud, or when wading (在泥中或似在泥中)挣扎；(蹚水时)艰难地跋涉；费力地行进 2  perform a task badly or without knowledge; be out of one's depth 糟糕(或无知)地做事；力不从心地做事 ●n.  an act of floundering 挣扎；跋涉；错乱(或力所不及)的行动 □ flounderer  n.   [imitative: perhaps associated with founder, blunder]

flounder2 /ˈflaʊndə/ n.  1  a small edible flatfish, Pleuronectes flesus, of European coastal waters (欧洲近海产的)鲆，鲽 2  any small flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae or Bothidae 鲽形目(或鲆)的鱼，比目鱼 [Middle English from Anglo-French floundre, Old French flondre, probably of Scandinavian origin]

flour /ˈflaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a meal or powder obtained by grinding and usu. sifting cereals, esp. wheat 谷物(尤指小麦)磨成的粉，面粉 2  any fine powder 细粉 ●v. tr.  1  sprinkle with flour 在…上撒粉 2 US  grind into flour [美]把…磨成粉 □ floury  adj. (flourier, flouriest)  □ flouriness  n.   [Middle English, differentiated spelling of FLOWER in the sense ‘finest part’]

flourish /ˈflʌriʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  grow vigorously; thrive 茁壮成长；茂盛b  prosper; be successful 繁荣，兴旺；成功c  be in one's prime 处于鼎盛时期d  be in good health 健康 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at, about)  spend one's life; be active (at a specified time) (cf. 参见 FLORUIT) (在世上)生活；(在某一特定时期)活跃，盛行  flourished in the Middle Ages  在中世纪盛行 3 tr.  show ostentatiously 炫耀，夸耀  flourished his chequebook  炫耀他的支票本 4 tr.  wave (a weapon, one's limbs, etc.) vigorously 有力地挥动(武器、肢体等)，挥舞 ●n.  1  an ostentatious gesture with a weapon, a hand, etc. (用武器、手等做出的)炫耀性动作  removed his hat with a flourish  手一甩摘下了帽子 2  an ornamental curving decoration of handwriting (手写花体字的)花饰 3  a florid verbal expression; a rhetorical embellishment 绚丽的辞藻(或雕饰) 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a fanfare played by brass instruments 响亮的铜管乐器声b  an ornate musical passage 装饰乐段c  an extemporized addition played esp. at the beginning or end of a composition (尤指在音乐作品开始或结尾演奏的)即兴乐曲 5 archaic  an instance of prosperity; a flourishing [古义]茂盛；繁荣，兴旺 □ flourisher  n.   [Middle English from Old French florir, ultimately via Latin florēre from flos floris ‘flower’]

flout /flaʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  express contempt for (the law, rules, etc.) by word or action; mock; insult 藐视(法律、规则等)，蔑视；嘲笑；侮辱  flouted convention by shaving her head  她剃光了头以示对习俗的蔑视 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  mock or scoff 嘲笑，嘲弄；藐视，蔑视 ●n.  a flouting speech or act 轻蔑的言行；侮辱；嘲笑，嘲弄 [perhaps from Dutch fluiten ‘whistle, hiss’]■Usage 用法说明 Flout should not be confused with flaunt, which means ‘to display proudly, show off’. 不应将 flout 与 flaunt 混淆。后者意思是“招摇，夸耀，夸示”。 

flow /fləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  glide along as a stream 流，流动，流淌  the Thames flows under London Bridge  泰晤士河从伦敦桥下流过 2  a (of a liquid, esp. water) gush out; spring (液体，尤指水)喷出；涌出b (of blood, liquid, etc.) be spilt (血、液体等)溅出；溢出；流出 3 (of blood, money, electric current, etc.) circulate (血液、货币、电流等)循环，流通 4 (of people or things) come or go in large numbers or smoothly (人或物)涌流，涌动  traffic flowed down the hill  车辆川流不息地驶下小山 5 (of talk, literary style, etc.) proceed easily and smoothly (谈话、文体等)流畅 6 (of a garment, hair, etc.) hang easily or gracefully; undulate (衣服、头发等)飘垂，飘拂 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  result from; be caused by 来源于，产生于；由…引起  his failure flows from his diffidence  他的失败是由缺乏自信造成的 8 (esp. of the tide) be in flood; run full (尤指潮水)泛滥；涨满 9 (of wine) be poured out copiously (酒)大量斟倒 10 (of a rock or metal) undergo a permanent change of shape under stress (岩石或金属)在应力下永久变形 11 (foll. by 后跟 with) archaic  be plentifully supplied with [古义]大量供应；富有；盛产  land flowing with milk and honey  流淌着牛奶和蜜汁的土地，自然资源丰富的土地 ●n.  1  a  a flowing movement in a stream 流动b  the manner in which a thing flows 流动的方式  a sluggish flow  缓慢的流动c  a flowing liquid 流动的液体，流体  couldn't stop the flow  无法挡住水流d  a copious outpouring; a stream 大量的倾泻，滔滔不绝；一连串  a continuous flow of complaints  一连串的投诉 2  the rise of a tide or a river (潮或河的)上涨  ebb and flow  涨落；盛衰 3  the gradual deformation of a rock or metal under stress (岩石、金属在应力下的)逐渐变形 4 Sc.  a bog or morass [苏格兰]沼泽，泥淖；困境 □ go with the flow   be relaxed and not resist the tide of events 随波逐流 [Old English flōwan from Germanic, related to FLOOD]

flow chart n.  1  a diagram of the movement or action of things or persons engaged in a complex activity 流程图；作业图；生产过程图解 2  a graphical representation of a computer program in relation to its sequence of functions (as distinct from the data it processes) (与计算机程序的功能序列有关的)计算机程序图表(不同于计算机程序处理的数据)，流程图

flow diagram n.  = FLOW CHART 

flower /ˈflaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Bot. 【植】  a  the reproductive organ in a plant containing one or more pistils or stamens or both, and usu. a corolla and calyx, and from which the fruit or seed develops 花b  such an organ when brightly coloured and conspicuous; a blossom, a bloom 花朵(尤指供观赏的花朵或果树上的花朵)c  a blossom on a cut stem, used in bunches for decoration (用于装饰的)带梗的花 2  a plant cultivated or noted for its flowers (供观赏的)开花植物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  ornamental phrases 修饰性措辞  flowers of speech  华丽的辞藻 ●v.  1 intr. (of a plant) produce flowers; bloom or blossom (植物)开花 2 intr.  reach a peak 达到顶峰 3 tr.  cause or allow (a plant) to flower 使(或让) (植物)开花 4 tr.  decorate with worked flowers or a floral design 用(修整过的)花(或花卉图案)装饰 □ the flower of   the best or best part of 精华，精粹，最好的部分□ in flower   with the flowers out 处于开花期□ flowered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ flowerless  adj.  □ flower-like  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French flur, Old French flour, flor, from Latin flos floris]

flower bed n.  a garden bed in which flowers are grown 花坛

flowerer /ˈflaʊərə/ n.  a plant that flowers at a specified time (在特定时间开花的)开花植物  a late flowerer  开花晚的植物

floweret /ˈflaʊərit/ n.  a small flower 小花

flower girl n. Brit.  a woman or girl who sells flowers, esp. in the street [英] (尤指街头的)卖花女

flower head n.  = HEADn. 4d 

flowering /ˈflaʊəriŋ/ adj.  1 (of a plant) in bloom (植物)开着花的，在开花的 2  capable of producing flowers, esp. in contrast to a similar plant with the flowers inconspicuous or absent 能开花的(尤指相对于开花不明显或不开花的类似植物而言)

flowering plant n. Bot.  an angiosperm 【植】被子植物

flower people n. pl. hist.  hippies carrying or wearing flowers as symbols of peace and love [史义]戴花嬉皮士，“花孩儿们”(尤指美国 20 世纪 60 年代拿着花或戴着花以象征和平与友爱的嬉皮士)

flowerpot /ˈflaʊəpɒt/ n.  a pot in which a plant may be grown 花盆

flower power n. hist.  the ideas of the flower people regarded as an instrument in changing the world [史义]权力归花儿，花儿权力(戴花嬉皮士的观点，主张通过友爱和非暴力手段改造世界)

flowers of sulphur n. pl. Chem.  a fine powder produced when sulphur evaporates and condenses 【化】硫(磺)华

flowers of zinc n. pl.  = ZINC OXIDE 

flowery /ˈflaʊəri/ adj.  1  decorated with flowers or floral designs 用花(或花卉图案)装饰的 2 (of literary style, manner of speech, etc.) high-flown; ornate (文体、说话方式等)夸张的；辞藻华丽的；矫揉造作的 3  full of flowers 开满花的，多花的  a flowery meadow  开满花的草坪 □ floweriness  n.  

flowing /ˈfləʊiŋ/ adj.  1 (of literary style etc.) fluent; easy (文体等)流畅的；自如的 2 (of a line, a curve, or a contour) smoothly continuous, not abrupt (线条、曲线或轮廓)平滑连贯的，流畅的 3 (of hair, a garment, a sail, etc.) unconfined (头发、衣服、帆等)松垂的，松散的；未束住的 □ flowingly  adv.  

flowing sheet n. Naut.  a sheet eased for free movement in the wind 【海】放松的帆脚索

flowmeter /ˈfləʊmi:tə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of water, gas, fuel, etc., esp. in a pipe 流速计，流速仪

flown past part.  of FLY1  

flow-on n. Austral.  a wage or salary adjustment made as a consequence of one already made in a similar or related occupation [澳] (因类似或相关行业已调资而进行的)工资调整

flowsheet /ˈfləʊʃi:t/ n.  = FLOW CHART 

flowstone /ˈfləʊstəʊn/ n.  rock deposited in a thin sheet by a flow of water (水流冲积而成的一薄层)流石

Floyd /flɒid/   弗洛伊德 [人名]

FLQ abbr. (in Canada) Front de Libération du Québec [缩略] (加拿大)魁北克解放阵线

Flt. Lt. abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) Flight Lieutenant 

Flt. Off. abbr. [缩略] hist. (in the UK) Flight Officer 

flu /flu:/ n. colloq.  influenza [口]流行性感冒，流感 [abbreviation]

flub /flʌb/ v. & n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●v. tr. & intr. (flubbed, flubbing)  botch; bungle 搞坏；把…搞成一团糟；犯错 ●n.  something badly or clumsily done 搞糟的事情；拙劣的活 [20th c.: origin unknown]

fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃʊeit, -tjʊ-/ v. intr.  vary irregularly; be unstable, vacillate; rise and fall, move to and fro 不规则地变化；不稳定；波动，涨落；动摇不定 □ fluctuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin fluctuare, via fluctus ‘flow, wave’ from fluere fluct- ‘flow’]

flue /flu:/ n.  1  a smoke-duct in a chimney (烟囱的)烟道 2  a channel for conveying heat, esp. a hot-air passage in a wall; a tube for heating water in some kinds of boiler 送热通道(尤指墙体中的热气通道)；(某些锅炉给水加热的)加热管 [Middle English: origin unknown]

flue-cure v. tr.  cure (tobacco) by artificial heat from flues (用管道的辐射热)烤(烟草)

fluence /ˈflu:əns/ n. Brit. colloq.  influence [英口]影响 □ put the fluence on   apply hypnotic etc. power to (a person) 对(某人)施催眠术等 [shortening of INFLUENCE]

fluency /ˈflu:ənsi/ n.  1  a smooth, easy flow, esp. in speech or writing (尤指说话或写作)流利，流畅 2  a ready command of words or of a specified foreign language (对词语或某种外语的)熟练掌握

fluent /ˈflu:ənt/ adj.  1  a (of speech or literary style) flowing naturally and readily (说话或文体)流利的，流畅的b  having command of a foreign language (外语)娴熟自如的，流利的  is fluent in German  德语掌握得很熟练c  able to speak quickly and easily 口若悬河的 2  flowing easily or gracefully 优美自然的，流畅的  the fluent line of her arabesque  她那阿拉贝斯克舞姿优美自然的线条 3 archaic  liable to change; unsettled [古义]易变的，不稳定的；不固定的 □ fluently  adv.   [Latin fluere ‘flow’]

flue pipe n.  an organ pipe into which the air enters directly, not striking a reed (管风琴的)风管

fluff /flʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  soft, light, feathery material coming off blankets etc. (毛毯等落下的)绒毛 2  soft fur or feathers (兽类的)软毛；柔软的羽毛 3 slang [俚语]  a  a mistake in delivering theatrical lines, in playing music, etc. (说戏剧台词或演奏音乐等时出现的)误念，误读b  a mistake in playing a game (比赛时出现的)失误 4  something insubstantial or trifling, esp. sentimental writing 非实质性(或微不足道)的东西(尤指伤感的作品) ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  shake into or become a soft mass 把…抖成柔软的一团，抖松；变成柔软的一团，变蓬松 2 tr. & intr. colloq.  make a mistake in (a theatrical part, a game, playing music, a speech, etc.); blunder [口] (在戏剧台词、比赛、音乐演奏、讲话等中)出差错，失误  fluffed his opening line  第一行就读错了 3 tr.  make into fluff 把…搞成一团糟 4 tr.  put a soft surface on (the flesh side of leather) 精磨(皮革的反面) □ bit of fluff  slang offens.  a woman regarded as an object of sexual desire [俚语] [冒犯]性感女郎 [probably dialect alteration of flue ‘fluff’]

fluffy /ˈflʌfi/ adj. (fluffier, fluffiest)  1  of or like fluff 绒毛的；似绒毛的 2  covered in fluff; downy 覆有绒毛的；有绒羽的 □ fluffily  adv.  □ fluffiness  n.  

flugelhorn /ˈflu:ɡ(ə)lhɔ:n/ n.  a valved brass wind instrument like a cornet but with a broader tone 翼号 [German Flügelhorn, from Flügel ‘wing’ + Horn ‘horn’]

fluid /ˈflu:id/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a substance, esp. a gas or liquid, lacking definite shape and capable of flowing and yielding to the slightest pressure 流体(尤指气体和液体)，流质，液 2  a fluid part or secretion 流体部分；分泌液 ●adj.  1  able to flow and alter shape freely 流体的，流质的 2  constantly changing or fluctuating 不断变化(或波动)的  the situation is fluid  局势不稳定 3 (of a clutch, coupling, etc.) in which liquid is used to transmit power (离合器、连接器等)使用流体传动的 □ fluidify  /-ˈidifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  □ fluidity  /-ˈiditi/ n.  □ fluidly  adv.  □ fluidness  n.   [French fluide or Latin fluidus from fluere ‘flow’]

fluid drachm  see 见 DRACHM 

fluidics /flu:ˈidiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study and technique of using small interacting flows and fluid jets for functions usu. performed by electronic devices 射流学，流体学；射流技术，流控技术 □ fluidic  adj.  

fluidize /ˈflu:idaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cause (a finely divided solid) to acquire the characteristics of a fluid by the upward passage of a gas etc. (用上行的气流等)使(固体粉末)向上流动，(用气流等)向上输送(固体粉末) □ fluidization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fluidized bed n.  a layer of a fluidized solid, used in chemical processes and in the efficient burning of coal for power generation 流化床，沸腾层(用于化学工艺及提高发电煤燃效)

fluid mechanics n.  the study of forces and flow within fluids 流体力学

fluid ounce n.  1 Brit.  a unit of capacity equal to one-twentieth of a pint (approx. 0.028 litre) [英]液量盎司(液体容量单位，等于 1/20 品脱，约合 0.028 升) 2 (also 亦作 fluidounce) US  a unit of capacity equal to one-sixteenth of a US pint (approx. 0.03 litre) [美]液量盎司(液体容量单位，等于 1/16 美制品脱，约合 0.03 升)

fluidram /ˈflu:idræm/ n. US  a fluid drachm (see 见 DRACHM) [美]液打兰，液量打兰(液体容量单位，等于 1/8 液量盎司)

fluke1 /flu:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lucky accident 侥幸，幸运  won by a fluke  侥幸获胜 2  a chance breeze 偶然吹过的微风 ●v. tr.  achieve by a fluke 侥幸获得；侥幸做成  fluked that shot  侥幸投中了那一球 [19th c.: perhaps from dialect fluke ‘guess’]

fluke2 /flu:k/ n.  1  any parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, esp. of the subclass Digenea, including liver flukes and blood flukes 吸虫，蛭；肝蛭 2  a flatfish, esp. a flounder 比目鱼(尤指鲆、鲽) [Old English flōc]

fluke3 /flu:k/ n.  1 Naut.  a broad triangular plate on the arm of an anchor 【海】锚爪，锚钩 2  the barbed head of a lance, harpoon, etc. (长矛、鱼叉等的)倒钩 3  either of the lobes of a whale's tail 鲸尾的叶，鲸的尾片 [16th c.: perhaps from FLUKE2]

fluky /ˈflu:ki/ adj. (flukier, flukiest)  of the nature of a fluke; obtained more by chance than skill 侥幸的，凭运气的；侥幸获得的 □ flukily  adv.  □ flukiness  n.  

flume /flu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificial channel conveying water etc. for industrial use (输送工业用水等的)人工槽，引水槽 2  a ravine with a stream 有溪流的峡谷 3  a water chute or water slide at an amusement park or swimming pool (游乐场或游泳池的)滑水槽 ●v.  1 intr.  build flumes 建引水槽 2 tr.  convey down a flume 用引水槽输送 [Middle English via Old French flum, flun from Latin flumen ‘river’, from fluere ‘flow’]

flummery /ˈflʌm(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  empty compliments; trifles; nonsense 空洞的恭维话；无聊的话，废话 2  a sweet dish made with beaten eggs, sugar, etc. (一种用蛋和糖等做成的)蛋奶甜点心 [Welsh llymru, of unknown origin]

flummox /ˈflʌməks/ v. tr. colloq.  bewilder, confound, disconcert [口]使慌乱，使不知所措；使困惑 [19th c.: probably dialect, imitative]

flump /flʌmp/ v. & n. ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  1 intr.  fall or move heavily 砰地落下；砰砰移动 2 tr.  set or throw down with a heavy thud 砰地放下；砰地投下 ●n.  the action or sound of flumping 重落；砰的一声；砰砰声 [imitative]

flung past and past part.  of FLING 

flunk /flʌŋk/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 tr.  a  fail (an examination etc.) 通不过(考试等)b  fail (an examination candidate) 使(投考者)通不过考试，不及格 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  fail utterly; give up 彻底失败；放弃 ●n.  an instance of flunking 不及格；失败 □ flunk out   be dismissed from school etc. after failing an examination 因考试不及格而被勒令退学 [cf. FUNK1 and obsolete flink ‘be a coward’]

flunkey /ˈflʌŋki/ n. (also 亦作 flunky) (pl. -eys or -ies) usu. derog. [通常贬]  1  a liveried servant; a footman (穿制服的)男仆；侍者 2  a toady; a snob 谄媚者，马屁精；势利小人 3 US  a person who does menial work [美]做粗活的家仆 □ flunkeyism  n.   [18th c. (originally Scots): perhaps from FLANK with the sense ‘sidesman, flanker’]

fluoresce /flʊəˈres, flɔ:-/ v. intr.  be or become fluorescent 发荧光

fluorescein /ˈflʊərəsi:n, -sin, ˈflɔ:-/ n. Chem.  an orange dye with a yellowish-green fluorescence, used in solution as an indicator in biochemistry and medicine 【化】荧光素，荧光黄 [FLUORESCENCE + -IN]

fluorescence /flʊəˈres(ə)ns, flɔ:-/ n.  1  the visible or invisible radiation produced from certain substances as a result of incident radiation of a shorter wavelength as X-rays, ultraviolet light, etc. 荧光 2  the property of absorbing light of short (invisible) wavelength and emitting light of longer (visible) wavelength 荧光性 [FLUORSPAR (which fluoresces), on the pattern of opalescence]

fluorescent /flʊəˈres(ə)nt, flɔ:-/ adj. (of a substance) having or showing fluorescence (物质)有荧光性的，发荧光的

fluorescent lamp n. (also 亦作 fluorescent bulb)  a lamp or bulb radiating largely by fluorescence, esp. a tubular lamp in which phosphor on the inside surface of the tube is made to fluoresce by ultraviolet radiation from mercury vapour 荧光灯，日光灯

fluorescent screen n.  a screen coated with fluorescent material to show images from X-rays etc. 荧光屏，荧光板

fluoridate /ˈflʊərideit, ˈflɔ:-/ v. tr.  add traces of fluoride to (drinking water etc.) 给(饮用水等)添加微量氟化物

fluoridation /flʊəriˈdeiʃ(ə)n, flɔ:-/ n. (also 亦作 fluoridization /-daiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/)  the addition of traces of fluoride to drinking water in order to prevent or reduce tooth decay (为防止龋齿而对饮用水进行的)微量加氟

fluoride /ˈflʊəraid, flɔ:-/ n.  any binary compound of fluorine 氟化物

fluorinate /ˈflʊərineit, ˈflɔ:-/ v. tr.  1  = FLUORIDATE  2  introduce fluorine into (a compound) 给(化合物)加氟；氟化  fluorinated hydrocarbons  氟化烃 □ fluorination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fluorine /ˈflʊəri:n, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  a poisonous pale yellow gaseous element of the halogen group occurring naturally in fluorite and cryolite, and the most reactive of all elements (symbol 符 F) 氟 [French (as FLUORSPAR)]

fluorite /ˈflʊərait, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  a mineral form of calcium fluoride 氟石，萤石 [Italian (as FLUORSPAR)]

fluoro- /ˈflʊərəʊ, ˈflɔ:-/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  fluorine (fluorocarbon 碳氟化合物) 氟 2  fluorescence (fluoroscope 荧光镜) 荧光 [FLUORINE, FLUORESCENCE]

fluorocarbon /flʊərə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:b(ə)n, flɔ:-/ n.  a compound formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon with fluorine atoms 碳氟化合物

fluoroscope /ˈflʊərəskəʊp, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  an instrument with a fluorescent screen on which X-ray images may be viewed without taking and developing X-ray photographs 荧光镜，荧光屏，荧光检查仪

fluorosis /flʊəˈrəʊsis, flɔ:-/ n.  poisoning by fluorine or its compounds 氟中毒 [French fluorose (as FLUORO- 1)]

fluorspar /ˈflʊəspɑ:, ˈflɔ:-/ n.  = FLUORITE  [fluor ‘a flow, a mineral used as a flux, fluorspar’, from Latin fluor, from fluere ‘flow’ + SPAR3]

flurry /ˈflʌri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a gust or squall (of snow or Brit. rain etc.) 一阵(雪或[英]雨等) 2  a sudden burst of activity (活动的)突发 3  a commotion; excitement; nervous agitation 骚动；激动；慌张  a flurry of speculation  一阵紧张的猜测 the flurry of the city  城市的骚动 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  confuse by haste or noise; agitate 使迷乱；使慌乱；使激动 [imitative: cf. obsolete flurr ‘ruffle’, hurry]

flush1 /flʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  blush, redden (脸)发红，(脸)变红  he flushed with embarrassment  他窘得脸红了b  glow with a warm colour 发红光  sky flushed pink  天空泛着粉红色 2 tr. (usu. as 通常作 flushed adj.)  cause to glow or blush 使发亮；使(脸)发红 often foll. by 常后跟 with: flushed with pride  因自豪而春风满面 3 tr.  a  cleanse (a drain, lavatory, etc.) by a rushing flow of water (用水流)冲洗(下水道、厕所等)b (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down)  dispose of (an object) in this way (用水流)冲走(物体)，清除  flushed away the cigarette  冲走了香烟 4 intr.  rush out, spurt 冲出；喷出，涌出 5 tr.  flood 淹没；泛滥  the river flushed the meadow  河水淹没了草地 6 intr. (of a plant) throw out fresh shoots (植物)吐出新芽 ●n.  1  a  a blush 脸红b  a glow of light or colour 红光；红晕 2  a  a rush of water 急流，水流b  the cleansing of a drain, lavatory, etc. by flushing (用水流对下水道、厕所等的)冲洗 3  a  a rush of emotion 一阵感情；激动b  the elation produced by a victory etc. (胜利等产生的)得意，喜悦  the flush of triumph  胜利的喜悦 4  sudden abundance 突然的富有，富裕 5  freshness; vigour 生气勃勃；活力  in the first flush of womanhood  在女子充满青春活力的成年初期 6  a (in full 全称 hot flush)  a sudden feeling of heat during the menopause (绝经期间的)灼热阵感b  a feverish temperature 发烧c  facial redness, esp. caused by fever, alcohol, etc. (尤指发烧、酒精等引起的)脸红 7  a fresh growth of grass etc. (草、茶树等的)嫩草；嫩芽 □ flusher  n.   [Middle English, perhaps = FLUSH4, influenced by flash and blush]

flush2 /flʌʃ/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  in the same plane; level; even 同平面的；与…齐平的，同高的  the sink is flush with the cooker  洗涤槽与厨灶一样高 fitted it flush with the wall  把它与墙装在了同一个平面上 2 (usu. 通常作 predic.) colloq. [口]  a  having plenty of money 有大量金钱的，富裕的b (of money) abundant, plentiful (指钱)充裕的，大量的 3  full to overflowing; in flood 满溢的；泛滥的 ●v. tr.  1  make (surfaces) level 使(表面)齐平 2  fill in (a joint) level with a surface 嵌平(接合处) □ flushness  n.   [probably from FLUSH1]

flush3 /flʌʃ/ n.  a hand of cards all of one suit, esp. in poker (尤指在扑克牌戏中)同花的一手牌，清一色 [Old French flus, flux from Latin fluxus FLUX]

flush4 /flʌʃ/ v.  1 tr.  cause (esp. a game bird) to fly up from cover 使(尤指供捕猎的鸟)从躲藏处飞起 2 intr. (of a bird) fly up and away (鸟)飞起并飞走 □ flush out   1  reveal 使暴露 2  drive out 赶出 [Middle English, imitative: cf. fly, rush]

fluster /ˈflʌstə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become nervous or confused; flurry (使)慌张；(使)激动；(使)紧张不安  was flustered by the noise  被噪音弄得心神不宁 he flusters easily  他容易惊慌失措 2 tr.  confuse with drink; half-intoxicate 使醉醺醺；使半醉 3 intr.  bustle 闹哄哄地忙乱，奔忙 ●n.  a confused or agitated state 慌乱；紧张；激动 [17th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to Icelandic flaustr(a) ‘hurry, bustle’]

flute /flu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a high-pitched wind instrument of metal or wood in which the air is directed against a fixed edge, and having holes along it stopped by the fingers or keys, esp. (in full 全称 transverse flute) the modern orchestral instrument, with a mouthpiece on the side near one end 长笛(尤指横笛)b  an organ stop having a similar sound (发笛音的)管风琴长笛音栓c  a flute-player 吹长笛者 2  a Archit.  an ornamental vertical groove in a column 【建】(柱子上的)装饰性垂直凹槽b  a trumpet-shaped frill on a dress etc. (衣服等的)喇叭形褶边c  any similar cylindrical groove (类似的)圆柱形沟槽 3  a tall narrow wine glass 细而高的酒杯 ●v.  1 intr.  play the flute 吹长笛 2 intr.  speak, sing, or whistle in a fluting way 用长笛般的声音说话(或歌唱、吹口哨) 3 tr.  make flutes or grooves in 在…上压制褶边(或做出凹槽) 4 tr.  play (a tune etc.) on a flute 用长笛演奏(乐曲等) □ flutelike  adj.  □ fluting  n.  装饰性柱槽□ flutist  n. US [美] (cf. 参见 FLAUTIST)  □ fluty  adj. (in sense 1a of n. 用于名词释义 1a)  (声音等)像长笛声一样柔和而清亮的 [Middle English from Old French flëute, flɑ¨ute, flahute, probably from Provençal flɑ¨ut]

flutter /ˈflʌtə/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  flap the wings in flying or trying to fly (飞行或试图飞行时)拍翅，振翼  butterflies fluttered in the sunshine  蝴蝶在阳光下拍翅飞翔b tr.  flap (the wings) 拍(翅)，振(翼) 2 intr.  fall with a quivering motion 吹动着下落，飘落  leaves fluttered to the ground  树叶飘落到地面上 3 intr. & tr.  move or cause to move irregularly or tremblingly (使)不规则(或颤抖)地动；(使)颤动；(使)飘动  the wind fluttered the flag  风吹动着旗子 4 intr.  go about restlessly; flit; hover 烦乱不安地走来走去；飞来飞去；盘旋 5 tr.  agitate, confuse 使激动；使慌乱；使不安 6 intr. (of a pulse or heartbeat) beat feebly or irregularly (脉搏或心脏)微弱(或不规则)地跳动 7 intr.  tremble with excitement or agitation (因兴奋或激动而)发抖，颤抖 ●n.  1  a  the act of fluttering 不规则(或颤抖)的运动b  an instance of this 振翼，拍翅；飘落；飘动；颤抖 2  a state of tremulous excitement; a sensation 激动不安；紧张；轰动  was in a flutter  心绪不宁 caused a flutter with his behaviour  他的行为引起一阵骚动 3 Brit. colloq.  a small bet, esp. on a horse [英口] (尤指押在马上的)小赌注，小赌 4  an abnormally rapid but regular heartbeat (快得异常但有规律的)心跳 5 Aeron.  an undesired oscillation in a part of an aircraft etc. under stress 【空】(飞机的一部分等在应力下的)颤振 6 Mus.  a rapid movement of the tongue (as when rolling one's rs) in playing a wind instrument 【音】(吹奏管乐器时)舌的快速运动(如同发颤音 r) 7 Electronics  a rapid variation of pitch, esp. of recorded sound (cf. 参见 WOW2) 【电子学】音高(尤指所录音的音高)的快速变化 8  a vibration 颤动，振动，抖动 □ flutter the dovecots   cause alarm among normally imperturbable people 在本来不易激动的人们中间引起惊慌□ flutterer  n.  □ fluttery  adj.   [Old English floterian, flotorian, frequentative form related to FLEET5]

fluvial /ˈflu:viəl/ adj.  of or found in a river or rivers 河流的；生长在(或栖息于)河中的 [Middle English from Latin fluvialis, via fluvius ‘river’ from fluere ‘flow’]

fluviatile /ˈflu:viətail/ adj.  of, found in, or produced by a river or rivers 河流的；生长在(或栖息于)河中的；河流所产生的 [French from Latin fluviatilis, via fluviatus ‘moistened’ from fluvius ‘river’]

fluvio- /ˈflu:viəʊ/ comb. form  river (fluviometer 水位计) [构词成分]河，江 [Latin fluvius ‘river’ from fluere ‘flow’]

fluvioglacial /flu:viəʊˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj. Geol.  of or caused by streams from glacial ice, or the combined action of rivers and glaciers 【地质】冰水的，河冰的；冰水生成的，河冰生成的

fluviometer /flu:viˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the rise and fall of rivers 河流水位测量仪，河流水位计

flux /flʌks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a process of flowing or flowing out 流；流出 2  an issue or discharge 流出物，排出物 3  continuous change 不断的变化  in a state of flux  处于不断变化的状态中 4 Metallurgy  a substance mixed with a metal etc. to promote fusion 【冶金学】焊剂；助熔剂 5 Physics 【物理学】  a  the rate of flow of any fluid across a given area 流速b  the amount of fluid crossing an area in a given time 流量，通量 6 Physics  the amount of radiation or particles incident on an area in a given time 【物理学】辐射通量；粒子通量 7 Electr.  the total electric or magnetic field passing through a surface 【电】电通量；磁通量 8 Med.  an abnormal discharge of blood or excrement from the body 【医】(血液的)异常流出；腹泻 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become fluid (使)变成流体 2 tr.  a  fuse 使熔化b  treat with a fusing flux 用助熔剂处理；用助焊剂处理 [Middle English from Old French flux or Latin fluxus from fluere flux- ‘flow’]

fluxion /ˈflʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. Math.  the rate at which a variable quantity changes; a derivative 【数】流数，微分 [French fluxion or Latin fluxio (as FLUX)]

fly1 /flai/ v. & n. ●v. (flies; past flew /flu:/; past part. flown /fləʊn/)  1 intr.  move through the air under control, esp. with wings (尤指用翅膀)飞，飞行 2 (of an aircraft or its occupants 飞机或其乘员) : a intr.  travel through the air or through space (在空中或太空中)飞行，航行b tr.  traverse (a region or distance) 飞越(一个地区或一段距离)  flew the Channel  飞越英吉利海峡 3 tr.  a  control the flight of (esp. an aircraft) 控制(尤指飞机的)飞行b  transport in an aircraft (用飞机)运送 4  a tr.  cause to fly or remain aloft 使飞；使飘在空中b intr. (of a flag, hair, etc.) wave or flutter (旗子、头发等)飘扬，飘动 5 intr.  pass or rise quickly through the air or over an obstacle (在空中)掠过；腾飞；腾越障碍物 6 intr.  go or move quickly; pass swiftly 疾行，快速移动；飞逝  time flies  时光飞逝 7 intr.  a  flee 逃跑b colloq.  depart hastily [口]匆忙离去 8 intr.  be driven or scattered; be forced off suddenly 驱走；驱散；猛然打开  sent me flying  把我赶走了 the door flew open  门猛地打开了 9 intr. (foll. by 常后跟 at, upon)  a  hasten or spring violently 赶紧，赶快；扑向b  attack or criticize fiercely 猛烈攻击，严厉批评 10 tr.  flee from; escape in haste 从…逃走，逃离，逃避；逃出 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (Brit. usu. in pl. [英]通常用复数)  a  a flap on a garment, esp. trousers, to contain or cover a fastening (衣服上，尤指裤子纽扣、拉锁等的)遮盖b  this fastening 扣件，扣拴物 2  a flap at the entrance of a tent (帐篷的)门帘 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the space over the proscenium in a theatre (剧院中)舞台上方悬吊布景的空间，吊景区 4  the act or an instance of flying 飞，飞行 5 (pl. usu. 复数通常作 flys) Brit. hist.  a one-horse hackney carriage [英史义]单马出租马车 6  a speed-regulating device in clockwork and machinery (钟表和机械等的)整速轮 □ fly high   1  pursue a high ambition 胸怀大志；野心勃勃 2  excel, prosper 优于，胜过；繁荣昌盛□ fly in the face of   openly disregard or disobey; conflict roundly with (probability, the evidence, etc.) 悍然不顾；公然违抗；与(可能性、证据等)完全相悖□ fly into a rage (or temper etc.)   become suddenly or violently angry 勃然大怒□ fly a kite   1  try something out; test public opinion 试验(某物)；试探舆论 2  raise money by an accommodation bill 用融通票据筹资□ fly off the handle  colloq.  lose one's temper suddenly and unexpectedly [口]大发雷霆，突然发怒□ flyable  adj.   [Old English flēogan, from Germanic]

fly2 /flai/ n. (pl. flies)  1  any insect of the order Diptera, with one pair of usu. transparent wings 苍蝇；家蝇 2  any other winged insect, e.g. a firefly or mayfly 有翅昆虫(如萤火虫、蜉蝣) 3  a disease of plants or animals caused by flies 蝇类造成的植物(或动物)疾病，蝇类虫害 usu. with a qualifying word 通常与限定词连用 : potato-fly  马铃薯蝇害 4  a natural or artificial fly used as bait in fishing (用作钓饵的)真蝇(或假蝇) □ fly in the ointment   a minor irritation that spoils enjoyment 令人扫兴的小不快；败坏美事之处□ fly on the wall   an unnoticed observer 不被注意的观察者□ like flies   in large numbers (usu. of people dying in an epidemic etc.) 大量地(通常指在流行病等中垂死的人)□ no flies on  colloq.  nothing to diminish (a person's) astuteness [口] (某人)很精明，不会受骗 [Old English flyˉge, flēoge, from West Germanic]

fly3 /flai/ adj. (flyer, flyest)  1 Brit. slang  knowing, clever, alert [英] [俚语]精明的；聪明的；机警的 2 N. Amer. slang  stylish; good-looking [北美] [俚语]时髦的；漂亮的 □ flyness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

fly agaric n.  a poisonous fungus, Amanita muscaria, forming bright red mushrooms with white flecks 蛤蟆菌，毒蝇伞

flyaway /ˈflaiəwei/ adj. (of hair etc.) tending to fly out or up; streaming (头发等)难以梳理的；飘动着的，飘拂的

flyblown /ˈflaibləʊn/ adj.  tainted, esp. by flies 被沾染的，被污染的(尤指被苍蝇)

fly boy n. N. Amer. slang  a pilot, esp. one in the Air Force [北美] [俚语] (尤指空军的)飞行员

fly-by n. (pl. -bys)  a flight past a position, esp. the approach of a spacecraft to a planet for observation 经过某一定点的飞行，定点飞越(尤指宇宙飞船为便于观测而飞近某一行星)

fly-by-night adj. & n. ●adj.  unreliable 不可靠的，不可信赖的 ●n.  an unreliable person 靠不住的人，不可信赖的人

fly-by-wire n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a semi-automatic and usu. computer-regulated system for controlling the flight of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc. 有线控制驾驶系统(操纵飞机、宇宙飞船等飞行的半自动驾驶系统，通常由计算机控制)

flycatcher /ˈflaikætʃə/ n.  any of various passerine birds catching flying insects esp. in short flights from a perch, esp. of the family Muscicapidae, Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatcher 霸鹟), and Monarchidae (monarch flycatcher 王鹟) 鹟(鹟科小鸟，在飞行时捕食飞虫)

fly-drive adj., n. & v. ●attrib. adj.  designating a holiday which combines the cost of the flight and of car rental 空陆联游的(指乘机和租车两项费用合在一起) ●n.  such a holiday 空陆联游 ●v. intr.  take such a holiday 作空陆联游

flyer /ˈflaiə/ n. (also 亦作 flier)  1  an airman or airwoman 男(或女)飞行员 2  a thing that flies in a specified way 飞行物(如飞虫、飞鸟、航空器)  a poor flyer  飞翔力差的鸟 3 colloq.  a fast-moving animal or vehicle [口]快速运动的动物(或车辆) 4  an ambitious or outstanding person; an outstanding thing 有雄心壮志的人；杰出的人；杰出的事物 5  a small handbill 小传单 6 US  a speculative investment [美]投机性投资，孤注一掷 7  a flying jump 助跑起跳，飞跃

fly-fish v. intr.  fish with a fly 用蝇钓鱼

fly-half n. Rugby  a stand-off half 【英式橄榄球】外侧前卫

flying /ˈflaiiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fluttering or waving in the air; hanging loose 飘扬的，飘动的；飘垂的 2  hasty, brief 匆忙的；短暂的  a flying visit  仓促短暂的访问 3  designed for rapid movement 为快速运动而设计的 4 (of an animal) able to make very long leaps by using winglike membranes etc. (动物)能靠翼状薄膜等跳得很远的 ●n.  flight, esp. in an aircraft 飞行(尤指乘飞机) □ with flying colours   with distinction 出色地；成功地

flying boat n.  a large seaplane with a fuselage that resembles a boat 船身式水上飞机，飞船

flying bomb n.  a pilotless aircraft with an explosive warhead 飞弹(头部装有炸药的无人驾驶飞行器)

flying buttress n. Archit.  a buttress slanting from a separate column, usu. forming an arch with the wall it supports 【建】拱扶垛

flying doctor n.  a doctor (esp. in a large sparsely populated area) who visits distant patients by aircraft (尤指在面积大、人口稀的地区)乘飞机出诊的医生

flying dragon  see 见 DRAGON 3 

Flying Dutchman n.  1  a ghostly ship supposedly doomed to sail the seas for ever (被认为注定要永远在海上漂流的)鬼船 2  its captain 鬼船的船长

flying fish n.  any tropical fish of the family Exocoetidae, with winglike pectoral fins for gliding through the air 文鳐鱼，飞鱼

flying fox n.  a large fruitbat, esp. of the genus Pteropus, with a foxlike head 狐蝠，果蝠

flying lemur n.  either of two lemur-like mammals of the genus Cynocephalus of SE Asia, having a membrane between the fore and hind limbs for gliding from tree to tree Also called 亦称作 colugo 鼯猴，飞狐猿(产于东南亚)

flying lizard n.  a long-tailed lizard of the SE Asian genus Draco, with elongated ribs supporting membranes for gliding 飞蜥，飞龙(产于东南亚)

flying officer n.  the RAF rank next below flight lieutenant (英)皇家空军中尉

flying phalanger n.  any of various Australian marsupials of the genus Petaurus or Petauroides having a membrane between the fore and hind limbs for gliding 袋鼯(产于澳大利亚)

flying picket n. Brit.  an industrial picket that can be moved rapidly from one site to another, esp. to reinforce local pickets [英] (罢工时可迅速由一地被派到另一地协助地方纠察人员的)流动纠察员

flying saucer n.  any unidentified, esp. circular, flying object, popularly supposed to have come from outer space 飞碟，不明飞行物

flying squad n. Brit.  a police detachment or other body organized for rapid movement [英]快速特警队；快速反应小组

flying squirrel n.  any squirrel of the subfamily Pteromyinae, with skin joining the fore and hind limbs for gliding from tree to tree 美洲飞鼠

flying start n.  1  a start (of a race etc.) in which the starting point is passed at full speed 快速起跑法(先开始起跑，到起跑线时已能全速前进) 2  a vigorous start giving an initial advantage 占初步优势的有力开端，良好的开端

flying suit n.  a one-piece garment worn by aircrew 飞行服

flying wing n.  an aircraft with little or no fuselage and no tailplane 飞翼式飞机，无尾飞机(一种几乎没有或没有机身也没有水平尾翼的飞机)

flyleaf /ˈflaili:f/ n. (pl. -leaves)  a blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book (书籍前后的)空白页，飞页，扉页

flyover /ˈflaiəʊvə/ n.  1 Brit.  a bridge carrying one road or railway over another [英]立交桥 2 US [美]  = FLY-PAST 

fly-paper n.  sticky treated paper for catching flies 粘蝇纸

fly-past n. Brit.  a ceremonial flight of aircraft past a person or a place [英] (飞机在礼仪场合飞过某人或某地的)定点飞越；(飞机的)低空编队飞行

fly-pitcher n. Brit. slang  a street trader [英] [俚语]街头小商贩 □ fly-pitching  n.  

fly-post v. tr. Brit.  display (posters etc.) rapidly in unauthorized places [英] (在未经许可的地方)匆匆张贴(标语等)

flysheet /ˈflaiʃi:t/ n.  1  a tract or circular of two or four pages (两页或 4 页的)传单，小册子 2 Brit.  a fabric cover pitched outside and over a tent to give extra protection against bad weather [英] (盖在帐篷外面、预防坏天气的)帆布篷顶，防雨布

fly-tip v. tr. Brit.  illegally dump (waste) [英]非法倾倒(垃圾) □ fly-tipper  n.  □ fly-tipping  n.  

flytrap /ˈflaitræp/ n.  any of various plants that catch flies, esp. the Venus flytrap 捕蝇草，捕蝇叶

flyweight /ˈflaiweit/ n.  1  a weight in certain sports intermediate between light flyweight and bantamweight, in the amateur boxing scale 48 － 51kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters 次最轻量级(业余拳击中拳击手体重为 48 至 51 公斤，但对于职业拳击、摔跤及举重选手规定不同) 2  a boxer etc. of this weight 次最轻量级拳击手等

flywheel /ˈflaiwi:l/ n.  a heavy wheel on a revolving shaft used to regulate machinery or accumulate power 飞轮，惯性轮

flèche /fleiʃ, 法 flɛʃ/ n.  a slender spire, often perforated with windows, esp. at the intersection of the nave and the transept of a church (教堂的)尖顶塔 [French, originally = arrow]

flɑˆnerie /flænˈri:, 法 flanri/ n.  idling, idleness 无目的的闲荡；游手好闲，无所事事 [French from flɑˆner ‘lounge’]

flɑˆneur /flæˈnɜ:, 法 flanœr/ n.  an idler; a lounger 浪荡子，游手好闲者，无所事事者 [French (as FLÂNERIE)]

FM abbr. [缩略]  1  Field Marshal  2  frequency modulation 

Fm symb. Chem.  the element fermium [符]【化】(化学元素)镄

fm. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 fm)  fathom(s) 

f-number n. Photog.  the ratio of the focal length to the effective diameter of a lens (e.g. f5, indicating that the focal length is five times the diameter) 【摄】孔径焦距比， f 值(如 f5 表示焦距是镜头直径的 5 倍)；光圈数 [f (denoting focal length) + NUMBER]

fo. abbr. [缩略]  folio 

foal /fəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  the young of a horse or related animal 马(或马科动物)的幼畜，驹子 ●v. tr. (of a mare etc.) give birth to (a foal) (母马等)产(仔)，产(驹) □ in (or with) foal  (of a mare etc.) pregnant (母马等)怀孕的，怀驹的 [Old English fola from Germanic: cf. FILLY]

foam /fəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mass of small bubbles formed on or in liquid by agitation, fermentation, etc. (搅动、发酵等形成的)泡沫 2  a froth of saliva or sweat 唾沫，白沫；汗珠，大汗 3  a substance resembling these, e.g. rubber (in full 全称 foam rubber) or plastic (in full 全称 foam plastic) in a cellular mass 泡沫状物质(如泡沫橡胶，全称 foam rubber ；泡沫塑料，全称 foam plastic) ●v. intr.  1  emit foam; froth 起泡沫；发出泡沫 2  run with foam 起着泡沫涌流 3 (of a vessel) be filled and overflow with foam (容器)充满并溢出泡沫 □ foam at the mouth   be very angry 大怒□ foamless  adj.  □ foamy  adj. (foamier, foamiest)   [Old English fɑˉm, from West Germanic]

f.o.b. abbr. [缩略]  free on board (see 见 FREE) 离岸价格(船上交货)

fob1 /fɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 fob-chain)  a chain attached to a watch for carrying in a waistcoat or waistband pocket 怀表链 2  a small pocket for carrying a watch (衣服上的)表袋 3  a tab on a keyring 钥匙圈上的饰物 ●v. tr. (fobbed, fobbing)  put in one's fob; pocket 把…装入表袋 [originally slang, probably from German]

fob2 /fɒb/ v. tr. (fobbed, fobbing)   □ fob off   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with a thing)  deceive into accepting something inferior 骗(某人)接受低劣的东西，欺骗；搪塞 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on to a person)  palm or pass off (an inferior thing) 用欺骗手段脱手(次品) [Middle English: cf. obsolete fop ‘to dupe’, German foppen ‘deceive, cheat, banter’]

focaccia /fəˈkætʃə/ n. (pl. focaccias)  1  a type of flat Italian bread made with yeast and olive oil and often flavoured with herbs etc. 弗卡切面包(一种扁平的意大利面包，用酵母和橄榄油制成，常使用芳草等调味) 2  a loaf of this 一个弗卡切面包 [Italian]

focal /ˈfəʊk(ə)l/ adj.  of, at, or in terms of a focus 焦点的；在焦点上的；与焦点有关的 [modern Latin focalis (as FOCUS)]

focalize /ˈfəʊk(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  = FOCUSv.  □ focalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

focal length n. (also 亦作 focal distance)  1  the distance between the centre of a lens or curved mirror and its focus 焦距(透镜或曲面镜中心至其焦点的距离) 2  the equivalent distance in a compound lens or telescope (复合透镜或望远镜的)等效焦距

focal plane n.  the plane through the focus perpendicular to the axis of a mirror or lens 焦(平)面

focal point n.  1  = FOCUSn. 1  2  = FOCUSn. 3 

fo'c'sle var.  of FORECASTLE  FORECASTLE 的变体

focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. focuses or foci /ˈfəʊsai/)  1 Physics 【物理学】  a  the point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction 聚光点，聚波点b  the point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed Also called 亦称作 focal point 焦点 2  a Optics  the point at which an object must be situated for an image of it given by a lens or mirror to be well defined 【光学】成像清晰点，焦点  bring into focus  使处在焦点上b  the adjustment of the eye or a lens necessary to produce a clear image (眼睛或镜头的)调焦  the binoculars were not in focus  那副双筒望远镜的焦点没调准c  a state of clear definition 清晰，清楚  the photograph was out of focus  照片聚焦不准 3  the centre of interest or activity (兴趣或活动的)中心，焦点  focus of attention  注意的焦点 4 Geom.  one of the points from which the distances to any point of a given curve are connected by a linear relation 【几】(抛物线、双曲线等的)焦点 5 Med.  the principal site of an infection or other disease 【医】(病)灶 6 Geol.  the place of origin of an earthquake 【地质】(地震的)震源 ●v. (focused, focusing or focussed, focussing)  1 tr.  bring into focus 使清晰；使处在焦点上 2 tr.  adjust the focus of (a lens, the eye, etc.) 调节(镜头、眼睛等)的焦点(或焦距) 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  concentrate or be concentrated on (使)集中于 4 intr. & tr.  converge or make converge to a focus (使)聚焦 □ focuser  n.   [Latin, = hearth]

fodder /ˈfɒdə/ n. & v. ●n.  dried hay or straw etc. for cattle, horses, etc. (喂牛、马等的)秣，饲料，草料 ●v. tr.  give fodder to (用草料等)喂 [Old English fōdor from Germanic, related to FOOD]

FOE abbr.  Friends of the Earth [缩略]地球之友(一环境保护主义者组织)

foe /fəʊ/ n. esp. poet. or formal  an enemy or opponent [尤诗] [正式]敌人；对手；反对者 [Old English fɑˉh hostile, related to FEUD1]

foehn var.  of F ÖHN FÖHN 的变体

foetid var.  of FETID  FETID 的变体

foetus /ˈfi:təs/ n. (US [美] fetus) (pl. -tuses)  an unborn or unhatched offspring of a mammal, esp. an unborn human more than eight weeks after conception 胚胎；胎儿 □ foetal  adj.  □ foeticide  /-tisaid/ n.   [Middle English from Latin fetus ‘offspring’]

fog1 /fɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thick cloud of water droplets or smoke suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface restricting or obscuring visibility 雾b  obscurity in the atmosphere caused by this (雾引起的)模糊 2 Photog.  cloudiness on a developed negative etc. obscuring the image 【摄】(底片等上面的)灰雾 3  an uncertain or confused position or state 困惑，迷惑 ●v. (fogged, fogging)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cover with fog or condensed vapour 雾气笼罩b  bewilder or confuse as if with a fog 使困惑，使迷惘 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become covered with fog or condensed vapour 被雾气笼罩；有雾气 3 tr. Photog.  make (a negative etc.) obscure or cloudy 【摄】使(底片等)模糊，有雾翳 □ in a fog   puzzled; at a loss 困惑的，如坠五里雾中的 [perhaps back-formation from FOGGY]

fog2 /fɒɡ/ n. & v. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●n.  1  a second growth of grass after cutting; aftermath (割后的)再生草；再萌草 2  long grass left standing in winter (地上未割的)过冬长草，留地枯草 ●v. tr. (fogged, fogging)  1  leave (land) under fog 让(土地)留着长草 2  feed (cattle) on fog 用再生草牧(牛) [Middle English: origin unknown]

fog bank n.  a mass of fog at sea 平流雾(海面上的浓雾)，雾堤，雾阵

fogbound /ˈfɒɡbaʊnd/ adj.  unable to proceed because of fog 因雾不能前行的，因雾受阻的

fog-bow n.  a manifestation like a rainbow, produced by light on fog (光照在雾上产生的)雾虹，白虹

fogey /ˈfəʊɡi/ n. (also 亦作 fogy) (pl. -eys or -ies)  a dull old-fashioned person  esp. 尤用于 old fogey  (cf. 参见 YOUNG FOGEY) 守旧者，老保守，老顽固 □ fogeydom  n.  □ fogeyish  adj.   [18th c.: related to slang fogram, of unknown origin]

foggy /ˈfɒɡi/ adj. (foggier, foggiest)  1 (of the atmosphere) thick or obscure with fog (空气)有雾的，多雾的，雾蒙蒙的 2  of or like fog 雾的；似雾的 3  vague, confused, unclear 模糊的，朦胧的；含糊的 □ not have the foggiest  esp. Brit. colloq.  have no idea at all [尤英口]一点不知道□ fogginess  n.   [perhaps from FOG2]

foghorn /ˈfɒɡhɔ:n/ n.  1  a deep-sounding instrument for warning ships in fog (向雾中的船只发警告的)雾角，雾号，雾笛 2 colloq.  a loud penetrating voice [口]响而尖的声音

fog lamp n.  a lamp, esp. on a motor vehicle, used to improve visibility in fog (尤指机动车上在雾中用来提高能见度的)雾灯

foglight /ˈfɒɡlait/ n.  = FOG LAMP 

fog signal n.  a detonator placed on a railway line in fog to warn train drivers (雾天放在铁路线上警告火车司机的)爆鸣器

fogy var.  of FOGEY  FOGEY 的变体

foible /ˈfɔib(ə)l/ n.  1  a minor weakness or idiosyncrasy 小缺点，弱点；怪癖，癖好 2 Fencing  the part of a sword blade from the middle to the point 【击剑】剑的前段(自中部到剑尖的部分) [French, obsolete form of faible (as FEEBLE)]

foie gras /fwɑ: ˈɡrɑ:/ n.  = PÂTÉ DE FOIE GRAS 

foil1 /fɔil/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  frustrate, baffle, defeat 使受挫折；挫败；阻挠；击败 2 Hunting 【狩猎】  a  run over or cross (ground or a scent) to confuse the hounds 跑过(或越过) (地面或臭迹)以迷惑猎狗b (absol. [含宾]) (of an animal) spoil the scent in this way (动物)破坏臭迹 ●n.  1 Hunting  the track of a hunted animal 【狩猎】猎兽的足迹 2 archaic  a repulse or defeat [古义]击退，挫败 [Middle English, = trample down, perhaps from Old French fouler ‘to full cloth, trample’, ultimately from Latin fullo FULLER1]

foil2 /fɔil/ n.  1  a  metal hammered or rolled into a thin sheet 箔，金属薄片  aluminium foil  铝箔b  a sheet of this, or of tin amalgam, attached to mirror glass as a reflector (镜底的)银箔(或锡汞合金箱)c  a leaf of foil placed under a precious stone etc. to brighten or colour it (宝石等的)衬箔 2  a person or thing that enhances the qualities of another by contrast 陪衬物；陪衬者 3 Archit.  a leaf-shaped curve formed by the cusping of an arch or circle 【建】叶形饰 [Middle English via Old French from Latin folium ‘leaf’, and via Old French foille from Latin folia (pl.)]

foil3 /fɔil/ n.  a light blunt-edged sword with a button on its point used in fencing (击剑运动中使用的)钝头剑 □ foilist  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

foil4 /fɔil/ n.  = HYDROFOIL  [abbreviation]

foist /fɔist/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impose (an unwelcome person or thing) on 把(不受欢迎的人或物)强加给，塞给 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  falsely fix the authorship of (a composition) on 把(某作品)的创作权错归于… 3 (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  introduce surreptitiously or unwarrantably 偷偷(或擅自)加进，塞进 [originally of palming a false die, from Dutch dialect vuisten ‘take in the hand’ from vuist FIST]

fol. abbr. [缩略]  folio 

folacin /ˈfəʊləsin/ n.  = FOLIC ACID  [fol ic ac id + -IN]

fold1 /fəʊld/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  bend or close (a flexible thing) over upon itself 折叠(柔韧或可折物体)；对折b (foll. by 后跟 back, over, down)  bend a part of (a flexible thing) in the manner specified 以特种方式折叠(柔韧或可折物体的)某部分  fold down the flap  折叠桌面铰链板 2 intr.  become or be able to be folded 折叠起来；可以折叠 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, up)  make compact by folding 折叠收拢，叠起，折起 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq. [口]  a  collapse, disintegrate 坍塌，垮掉；崩溃，瓦解b (of an enterprise) fail; go bankrupt (企业)倒闭，破产 5 tr. poet.  embrace (esp. 尤用于 fold in the arms or to the breast 抱住或拥在怀中) [诗]抱，拥抱 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 about, round)  clasp (the arms); wrap, envelop 用(双臂)紧抱；包，裹 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  mix (an ingredient with others) using a gentle cutting and turning motion (轻轻地切翻以)调拌(食品配料) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of folding 折叠；对折 2  a line made by or for folding 褶线，褶痕，褶缝 3  a folded part 折叠的部分；褶，裥 4 Brit.  a hollow among hills [英]山坳，山谷，山窝 5 Geol.  a curvature of strata 【地质】(地层的)褶皱 □ fold one's arms   place one's arms across the chest, side by side or entwined 双臂平行(或交叉)放在胸前，双臂在胸前合抱□ fold one's hands   clasp them 十指交叉地扣住双手□ foldable  adj.   [Old English falden, fealden, from Germanic]

fold2 /fəʊld/ n. & v. ●n.  1  = SHEEPFOLD  2  a body of believers or members of a Church 教会团体；教会的教徒 ●v. tr.  enclose (sheep) in a fold 把(羊)关在栏中 [Old English fald]

-fold /fəʊld/ suffix forming adjectives and adverbs from cardinal numbers, meaning 附于基数词后构成形容词和副词，表示 :  1  in an amount multiplied by (repaid tenfold 赔偿了 10 倍) …倍 2  consisting of so many parts (threefold blessing 三重的祝愿) 由…部分组成；有…重的 [originally in the sense ‘folded in so many layers’: Old English -fald, -feald, related to FOLD1]

foldaway /ˈfəʊldəwei/ adj.  adapted or designed to be folded away 可折叠的

folder /ˈfəʊldə/ n.  1  a folding cover or holder for loose papers 文件夹，纸夹 2  a folded leaflet 折叠式小册子(或传单等)

folderol var.  of FALDERAL  FALDERAL 的变体

folding door n.  a door with jointed sections, folding on itself when opened 折门

folding money n. esp. US colloq.  banknotes [尤美口]纸币

fold-out n.  an oversize page in a book etc. to be unfolded by the reader (书本等的)折页(读者可摊开的特大页)

foliaceous /fəʊliˈeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or resembling a leaf or leaves 叶的；叶状的 2 esp. Geol.  laminated 【地质】(岩石)分成薄层(或薄片)的，层状的 [Latin foliaceus ‘leafy’ from folium ‘leaf’]

foliage /ˈfəʊliidʒ/ n.  1  leaves, leafage (总称)叶，叶子；簇叶 2  a design in art resembling leaves 叶形图案，叶饰 [Middle English via French feuillage, from feuille ‘leaf’, from Old French foille: see FOIL2]

foliage leaf n.  a leaf excluding petals and other modified leaves 营养叶

foliar /ˈfəʊliə/ adj.  of or relating to leaves 叶的；与叶有关的 [modern Latin foliaris from Latin folium ‘leaf’]

foliar feed n.  feed supplied to leaves of plants 叶肥(施于植物叶子上的肥料)

foliate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈfəʊliət, -eit/  1  leaflike 叶状的 2  having leaves 有叶的 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having a specified number of leaflets 有一定数量叶子(或小叶)的  trifoliate (具) 三叶的 ●v. /ˈfəʊlieit/  1 intr.  split into laminae 分裂成薄片(或薄层) 2 tr. Archit.  decorate (an arch or door head) with foils 【建】用叶饰装饰(拱形结构或门框上槛) 3 tr.  number leaves (not pages) of (a volume) consecutively 给(书籍)编张数号(非页数号) □ foliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin foliatus ‘leaved’ from folium ‘leaf’]

folic acid /ˈfəʊlik, ˈfɒl-/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in leafy green vegetables, liver, and kidney, a deficiency of which causes pernicious anaemia Also called 亦称作 folacin, pteroylglutamic acid, vitamin M 叶酸 [Latin folium ‘leaf’ (because it is found esp. in green leaves) + -IC]

folio /ˈfəʊliəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a leaf of paper etc., esp. one numbered only on the front (纸等的)一张(尤指仅正面标有页码的一张纸等) 2  a leaf-number of a book (书的)张数；张数号 3  a sheet of paper folded once making two leaves of a book 对折纸，对开纸 4  a book made of such sheets 对开本的书 ●adj. (of a book) made of folios, of the largest size (书)对开的；(最大号)对开本的 □ in folio   made of folios (书)对开的 [Latin, ablative of folium ‘leaf’, = on leaf (as specified)]

foliole /ˈfəʊliəʊl/ n.  a division of a compound leaf; a leaflet 复叶的一片；小叶 [French from Late Latin foliolum, diminutive of Latin folium ‘leaf’]

foliose /ˈfəʊliəʊz/ adj. (of a lichen) having a lobed, leaf-like shape (地衣)叶状的 [Latin foliosus, from folium ‘leaf’ + -OSE1]

folk /fəʊk/ n. (pl. folk or folks)  1 (treated aspl. 看作复数)  people in general or of a specified class 人们；(某一阶层的)人们  few folk about  周围几乎没有人 townsfolk  城里人 2 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. 通常作 folks)  one's parents or relatives 双亲；家属，亲属 3 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a people 民族 4 (treated as sing. 看作单数) colloq. [口]  = FOLK MUSIC  5 (作 attrib.)  of popular origin; traditional 来自民间的；民间的  folk art  民间艺术 folk hero  普通人心目中的英雄 [Old English folc, from Germanic]

folk dance n.  1  a dance of popular origin 民间舞(蹈) 2  the music for such a dance 民间舞曲 □ folk dancer  n.  □ folk dancing  n.  

folk etymology n.  a popular modifying of the form of a word or phrase to make it seem to be derived from a more familiar word (e.g. sparrowgrass for asparagus) 民间词源(学)，通俗词源(学) (改变词或短语的形式，使其仿佛源自一个更熟悉的词，如 asparagus 变为 sparrowgrass)

folkie /ˈfəʊki/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a devotee of folk music; a folk singer 民乐迷；民歌歌手 ●attrib. adj.  of or relating to folk music 民间音乐的  folkie bands  民乐队

folkish /ˈfəʊkiʃ/ adj.  of the common people; traditional, unsophisticated 老百姓的；传统的；朴实无华的

folklore /ˈfəʊklɔ:/ n.  the traditional beliefs and stories of a people; the study of these 民间信仰；民间故事，民间传说；民俗；民俗学 □ folkloric  adj.  □ folklorist  n.  □ folkloristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

folk memory n.  recollection of the past persisting among a people 民间记忆(指一个民族中流传的对过去事件的记忆)

folk music n.  traditional music or modern music in this style 民间音乐；民间音乐风格的现代音乐，仿民间音乐

folk rock n.  folk music incorporating the stronger beat of rock music and using electric instruments 民歌摇滚乐

folk singer n.  a singer of folk songs 民歌手，民歌演唱者

folk song n.  a song of popular or traditional origin or style 民歌

folksy /ˈfəʊksi/ adj. (folksier, folksiest)  1  friendly, sociable, informal 友好的；爱交际的；随便的，不拘礼节的 2  a  having the characteristics of folk art, culture, etc. 有民间艺术(或文化等)特点的，有民间风味的b  ostensibly or artificially folkish (表面上或假装)平民百姓的，传统的，朴实无华的 □ folksiness  n.  

folk tale n.  a popular or traditional story 民间故事，民间传说

folkways /ˈfəʊkweiz/ n. pl.  the traditional behaviour of a people 民风(指一个民族世代相袭的行为方式)，传统习俗

folkweave /ˈfəʊkwi:v/ n. Brit.  a rough loosely woven fabric [英] (织得又粗又松的)土布，粗布

folky /ˈfəʊki/ adj. (folkier, folkiest)  1  = FOLKSY 2  2  = FOLKISH  □ folkiness  n.  

follicle /ˈfɒlik(ə)l/ n.  1 Anat.  a small secretory cavity, sac, or gland , esp. (尤指): 【解】小囊；滤泡；卵泡a (in full 全称 hair follicle)  the gland or cavity at the root of a hair 毛囊b  = GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE  2 Bot.  a single-carpelled dry fruit opening on one side only to release its seeds 【植】蓇葖 □ follicular  /fɒˈlikjʊlə/ adj.  □ folliculate  /fɒˈlikjʊlət/ adj.  □ folliculated  /fɒˈlikjʊleitid/ adj.   [Latin folliculus, diminutive of follis ‘bellows’]

follicle-stimulating hormone n. Physiol.  a pituitary hormone which promotes the formation of ova or sperm (abbr. 缩略 : FSH) 【生理】促卵泡(或精子)激素(促进卵子或精子形成的激素)

follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.  1 tr. or (foll. by 后跟 after) intr.  go or come after (a person or thing proceeding ahead) 跟随(前面的人或物) 2 tr.  go along (a route, path, etc.) 沿着(线路、道路等)行进 3 tr. & intr.  come after in order or time (在顺序或时间上)接在…之后，跟着，接着  Nero followed Claudius  尼禄继克劳狄之后成为罗马皇帝 dessert followed  接下来是甜食 my reasons are as follows  我的理由如下 4 tr.  take as a guide or leader 把…当作指导者(或领导者)；追随；效仿 5 tr.  conform to 遵照，遵循  follow your example  以你为榜样 6 tr.  practise (a trade or profession) 从事(某一行业或职业)；经营 7 tr.  undertake (a course of study etc.) 从事(一门研究课程等)，着手做 8 tr.  understand the meaning or tendency of (a speaker or argument) 领会(说话人或辩论的)意思(或倾向)，领悟；听懂 9 tr.  maintain awareness of the current state or progress of (events etc. in a particular sphere) 关注(某一特殊领域中事件等的)近况(或进展) 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  provide with a sequel or successor 使后接 11 intr.  happen after something else; ensue 在(某事)之后接着发生；接踵而来 12 intr.  a  be necessarily true as a result of something else (作为某件事的结果而)必然如此b (foll. by 后跟 from)  be a result of 作…的结果，由…引起 13 tr.  strive after; aim at; pursue 为…而奋斗；以…为目标；追求  followed fame and fortune  追求名声和财富 □ follow one's nose   trust to instinct 凭本能行事□ follow on   1  continue 继续 2 (of a cricket team) have to bat again immediately after the first innings (板球队)在第一局结束后必须马上再次击球□ follow out   carry out; adhere precisely to (instructions etc.) 执行；完成；(准确地)贯彻(指示等)□ follow suit   1 Cards  play a card of the suit led 【牌戏】跟出同花色的牌 2  conform to another person's actions 跟着做，照着做，学样□ follow through   1  continue (an action etc.) to its conclusion 将(行动等)进行到底，坚持完成 2 Sport  continue the movement of a stroke after the ball has been struck 【运动】(击球后)做随球动作□ follow up   1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  pursue, develop, supplement 继续；发展；补充 2  make further investigation of 进一步调查 [Old English folgian, from Germanic]

follower /ˈfɒləʊə/ n.  1  an adherent or devotee 追随者，拥护者；信徒；爱好者 2  a person or thing that follows 跟在后面的人(或物)

following /ˈfɒləʊiŋ/ prep., n. & adj. ●prep.  coming after in time; as a sequel to 在…之后 ●n.  1  a body of adherents or devotees 一批追随者(或爱好者) 2 (作 the following) (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  the person(s) or thing(s) now to be mentioned 下面要提到的人(或物) ●adj.  that follows or comes after 下列的，下述的；接着的

follow-on n.  1 Cricket  a second innings immediately after the first 【板球】第一局之后立即开始的第二局 2  the act or an instance of following on 后继的行为(或事例) often 常作 attrib.: follow-on treatment  后续的处理

follow-the-leader n. (also Brit. [亦英] follow-my-leader)  a game in which players must do as the leader does 学样(一种游戏，参加者必须像领头人一样做动作)

follow-through n.  the act or an instance of following through 持久的贯彻；持续；完成；随球动作(完成击球后手臂的弧形动作)

follow-up n.  a subsequent or continued action, measure, experience, etc. 后续的行动(或措施、经历等)

folly /ˈfɒli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  foolishness; lack of good sense 愚蠢；愚笨 2  a foolish act, behaviour, idea, etc. 愚蠢的行为(或举止、思想等) 3  a costly ornamental building, usu. a tower or mock Gothic ruin 花费巨大的装饰性建筑物(通常指塔状建筑物或仿建的哥特式残垣) 4 (in pl. 用复数) Theatr. 【戏】  a  a revue with glamorous female performers, esp. scantily-clad 时事讽刺滑稽剧(尤由穿着很少的艳丽女演员表演)b  the performers in such a revue 时事讽刺滑稽剧演员 [Middle English from Old French folie, from fol ‘mad, FOOL1’]

foment /fə(ʊ)ˈment/ v. tr.  1  instigate or stir up (trouble, sedition, etc.) 挑起(或激起) (事端、叛乱等)；煽动 2  a  bathe with warm or medicated liquid (用温热或含药的液体)洗，冲洗b  apply warmth to 热敷，热罨 □ fomenter  n.   [Middle English via French fomenter and Late Latin fomentare from Latin fomentum ‘poultice, lotion’, from fovēre ‘heat, cherish’]

fomentation /fəʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of fomenting 挑动，煽动，怂恿；热敷，热罨 2  materials prepared for application to a wound etc. (用于伤口等的)热罨剂，热敷剂 [Middle English from Old French or Late Latin fomentatio (as FOMENT)]

fond adj.  1 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 of)  having affection or a liking for 喜爱的，喜欢的 2 (作 attrib.)  affectionate, loving, doting 充满柔情的，深情的；慈爱的；溺爱的 3 (作 attrib.) (of beliefs etc.) foolishly optimistic or credulous; naive (信念等)盲目乐观的；盲目轻信的；天真的 □ fondly  adv.  □ fondness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete fon ‘fool, be foolish’]

fondant /ˈfɒnd(ə)nt/ n.  a soft sweet of flavoured sugar 方旦糖(一种软糖) [French, pres. part. of fondre ‘melt’, from Latin fundere ‘pour’]

fondant icing n.  icing made of a soft paste of flavoured sugar 方旦糖衣(用加了调料的软糖糊制成)

fondle /ˈfɒnd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  touch or stroke lovingly; caress 爱抚；抚弄 ●n.  an act of fondling 爱抚，抚摸 □ fondler  n.   [back-formation from fondling ‘fondled person’ (as FOND, -LING1)]

fondue /ˈfɒnd(j)u:/ n.  1  a dish of flavoured melted cheese into which pieces of bread are dipped (蘸面包片用的)加调料的融化乳酪 2  any other dish in which small pieces of food are dipped into hot oil or sauce (蘸小片食物用的)热油(或沙司) [French, fem. past part. of fondre ‘melt’, from Latin fundere ‘pour’]

font1 /fɒnt/ n.  1  a receptacle in a church for baptismal water (教堂用的)洗礼盆，圣水盂 2  the reservoir for oil in a lamp (油灯的)贮油器 □ fontal  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  洗礼的 [Old English font, fant via Old Irish fant, font from Latin fons fontis ‘fountain, baptismal water’]

font2 /fɒnt/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] fount /faʊnt/) Printing  a set of type of one face or size 【印刷】(同一式样或大小的)一套铅字 [French fonte from fondre FOUND3]

fontanelle /fɒntəˈnel/ n. (US [美] fontanel)  a membranous space in an infant's skull at the angles of the parietal bones 囟，囟门 [in earlier use ‘an outlet for bodily secretions’: French fontanelle via modern Latin fontanella from Old French fontenelle, diminutive of fontaine ‘fountain’]

food /fu:d/ n.  1  a nutritious substance, esp. solid in form, that can be taken into an animal or a plant to maintain life and growth 食物，食品(尤指固体食品)；(植物所需的)养料 2  ideas as a resource for or stimulus to mental work 精神食粮；资料，材料  food for thought  引人深思的事 [Old English fōda from Germanic: cf. FEED]

food additive n.  a substance added to food to enhance its colour, flavour, or presentation, or for any other non-nutritional purpose 食物添加剂

food chain n.  a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food 食物链

foodie /ˈfu:di/ n. (also 亦作 foody) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a person with a particular interest in food; a gourmet [口]对食物特别感兴趣的人；美食家，讲究饮食的人

food poisoning n.  illness due to bacteria or toxins in food 食物中毒

food processor n.  a machine for chopping and mixing food materials 食物加工器

foodstuff /ˈfu:dstʌf/ n.  any substance suitable as food 食物，食品

food value n.  the relative nourishing power of a food 食物营养价值

fool1 /fu:l/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who acts unwisely or imprudently; a stupid person 蠢人，傻瓜，笨蛋；莽汉 2 hist.  a jester; a clown [史义]小丑；弄臣 3  a dupe 易受愚弄(或欺骗)的人 ●v.  1 tr.  deceive so as to cause to appear foolish 愚弄，欺骗 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into + verbal noun, or out of)  trick; cause to do something foolish 哄骗；使做蠢事 3 tr.  play tricks on; dupe 捉弄，戏弄，愚弄；欺骗 4 intr.  act in a joking, frivolous, or teasing way 开玩笑，逗弄 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around)  behave in a playful or silly way 闲荡，虚度光阴；干蠢事 ●adj. N. Amer. colloq.  foolish, silly [北美口]愚蠢的，傻的 □ act (or play) the fool   behave in a silly way 做傻瓜；干蠢事；扮傻相□ make a fool of   make (a person or oneself) look foolish; trick or deceive 使(某人或自己)出丑；愚弄，欺骗□ no (or nobody's) fool   a shrewd or prudent person 精明的人，谨慎的人 [Middle English via Old French fol from Latin follis ‘bellows, empty-headed person’]

fool2 /fu:l/ n. esp. Brit.  a dessert of usu. stewed fruit crushed and mixed with cream, custard, etc. [尤英]奶油拌果子泥(一种通常用炖熟的水果泥拌奶油、蛋奶沙司等制成的甜食) [16th c.: perhaps from FOOL1]

foolery /ˈfu:ləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  foolish behaviour 愚蠢的行为 2  a foolish act 愚蠢的举动

foolhardy /ˈfu:lhɑ:di/ adj. (foolhardier, foolhardiest)  rashly or foolishly bold; reckless 胆大妄为的；有勇无谋的；鲁莽的 □ foolhardily  adv.  □ foolhardiness  n.   [Middle English from Old French folhardi, from fol ‘foolish’ + hardi ‘bold’]

foolish /ˈfu:liʃ/ adj. (of a person, action, etc.) lacking good sense or judgement; unwise (人、行为等)愚蠢的，傻的；不明智的 □ foolishly  adv.  □ foolishness  n.  

foolproof /ˈfu:lpru:f/ adj. (of a procedure, mechanism, etc.) so straightforward or simple as to be incapable of misuse or mistake (程序、机械装置等)十分简单(或简易)因而不会误用(或出错)的；简单(或简易)得连傻子都不会用错的，傻瓜式

foolscap /ˈfu:lzkæp, -lsk-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a size of paper, about 330 × 200 (or 400) mm 大裁，大页(纸的一种规格，约为 330 × 200 或 330 × 400mm 大小) 2  foolscap paper 大裁纸，大页纸 [named from the former watermark representing a fool's cap]

fool's errand n.  a fruitless venture 徒劳无益的差事

fool's gold n.  iron pyrites 愚人金(指黄铁矿或黄铜矿)

fool's mate  see 见 MATE2 

fool's paradise n.  happiness founded on an illusion 虚幻的幸福

fool's parsley n.  an umbelliferous plant resembling parsley 毒芹

foot /fʊt/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. feet /fi:t/)  1  a  the lower extremity of the leg below the ankle 脚，足b  the part of a sock etc. covering the foot (短袜等的)脚部 2  a  the lower or lowest part of anything, e.g. a mountain, a page, stairs, etc. (山、纸页、楼梯等的)底部，下端，最下部b  the lower end of a table 桌子的腿c  the end of a bed where the user's feet normally rest 床放脚的一端d  a part of a chair, appliance, etc. on which it rests (椅子、器械等的)腿 3  the base, often projecting, of anything extending vertically (垂直物体的凸出)底座 4  a step, pace, or tread; a manner of walking 步，脚步；步法，步态  fleet of foot  健步如飞 5 (pl. feet or foot)  a unit of linear measure equal to 12 inches 英尺(等于 12 英寸， 30.48 厘米) 6 Prosody 【诗体】  a  a group of syllables (one usu. stressed) constituting a metrical unit 音步b  a similar unit of speech etc. (说话等的)节奏 7 Brit. hist.  infantry [英史义]步兵  a regiment of foot  步兵团 8 Zool.  the locomotive or adhesive organ of invertebrates 【动】(无脊椎动物的)运动(或吸附)器官 9 Bot.  the part by which a petal is attached 【植】花托 10  a device on a sewing machine for holding the material steady as it is sewn (缝纫机的)压脚板 11 (pl. foots)  a  dregs; oil refuse 渣滓；油渣b  coarse sugar 粗糖 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. as 通常作 foot it)  a  traverse (esp. a long distance) by foot 步行(尤指长距离)b  dance 跳舞 2  pay (a bill, esp. one considered large) 支付(账单，尤指被认为金额很大的账单) □ at a person's feet   as a person's disciple or subject 作为某人的门徒(或臣民)□ feet of clay   a fundamental weakness in a person otherwise revered 泥足，根本的弱点，致命的弱点□ get one's feet wet   begin to participate 开始参与□ have one's (or both) feet on the ground   be practical 注重实际，脚踏实地□ have a foot in the door   have a prospect of success 成功在望□ have one foot in the grave   be near death or very old 一只脚已踏进坟墓，死期不远；年迈□ my foot!  int. colloq.  expressing strong contradiction [口] (表示强烈的否定、反驳)胡说八道！没这回事！ □ not put a foot wrong   make no mistakes 不犯错误□ off one's feet   so as to be unable to stand, or in a state compared with this 站立不住地；疲于奔命地，手忙脚乱地  was rushed off my feet  使我疲于奔命□ on one's feet   1  standing, esp. to make a speech 站着(尤指站着发言) 2  well enough to walk about 康复得可以四处走动□ on foot   walking, not riding etc. 步行□ put one's best foot forward   make every effort; proceed with determination 全力以赴；坚决地前进□ put one's feet up  colloq.  take a rest [口]休息一会□ put one's foot down  colloq. [口]  1  be firmly insistent or repressive 坚持立场，拿定主张；坚决压制 2 Brit.  accelerate a motor vehicle [英]加快车速□ put one's foot in it  colloq.  commit a blunder or indiscretion [口]犯大错误；言行失检□ set foot on (or in)   enter; go into 进入，走进□ set on foot   put (an action, process, etc.) in motion 开始(行动、过程等)；启动□ under one's feet   in the way 挡着某人的道；妨碍某人□ under foot   on the ground 在地面上□ footed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ footless  adj.   [Old English fōt, from Germanic]

footage /ˈfʊtidʒ/ n.  1  length or distance in feet 以英尺表示的长度(或距离) 2  an amount of film made for showing, broadcasting, etc. (用于放映、广播等的)胶片英尺总长度

foot-and-mouth disease n.  a contagious viral disease of cattle etc. (牛等患的)口蹄疫

football /ˈfʊtbɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of several esp. outdoor games between two teams played with a ball on a pitch with goals at each end esp. Brit. [尤英] = ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL 足球运动；橄榄球运动 2  a large inflated ball of a kind used in these games 足球；橄榄球 3  a topical issue or problem that is the subject of continued argument or controversy 长久争议的难题 ●v. intr.  play football 踢足球；打橄榄球 □ footballer  n.  

football hooligan n.  a hooligan at a football match or travelling to or from one 足球流氓

football pool n. (also 亦作 football pools pl.)  a form of gambling on the results of football matches, the winners receiving sums accumulated from entry money 足球赛赌博

footbath /ˈfʊtbɑ:θ/ n.  1  an act of washing the feet 洗脚 2  a small shallow bath used for this (小而浅的)洗脚缸

footbed /ˈfʊtbed/ n.  an insole in a boot or shoe, used for cushioning or to provide a better fit 鞋垫

footboard /ˈfʊtbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board to support the feet or a foot 踏脚板；踏台 2  an upright board at the foot of a bed 床脚竖板(床靠脚一端的竖板)

footbrake /ˈfʊtbreik/ n.  a brake operated by the foot in a motor vehicle (机动车的)脚刹车，脚闸

footbridge /ˈfʊtbridʒ/ n.  a bridge for use by pedestrians 步行桥，人行桥

footer1 /ˈfu:tə/ n.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  a person or thing of so many feet in length or height 高…英尺的人；长…英尺的物  six-footer  6 英尺高的人； 6 英尺长的物体b  a specified kick of esp. a football (某种方式的)一踢(尤指踢足球)  a fine right-footer into the goal  漂亮的右脚射门得分 2  a line or block of text appearing at the foot of each page of a document etc. (cf. 参见 HEADER 5) (文件等每页页脚出现的)文本字行(或字段)

footer2 var.  of FOOTY  FOOTY 的变体

footfall /ˈfʊtfɔ:l/ n.  the sound of a footstep 脚步声

foot-fault n. & v. ●n. (in tennis etc.) incorrect placement of the feet while serving (网球等的)脚部犯规(指发球时脚部踩线等)，脚部违例 ●v.  1 intr.  make a foot-fault 脚部犯规，脚部违例 2 tr.  award a foot-fault against (a player) 判(某参赛者)脚部犯规(或违例)

foothill /ˈfʊthil/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  any of the low hills around the base of a mountain 山麓小丘

foothold /ˈfʊthəʊld/ n.  1  a place, esp. in climbing, where a foot can be supported securely 立脚处(尤指攀登时可踩脚的地方) 2  a secure initial position or advantage 稳固的开始地位(或优势)

footie var.  of FOOTY  FOOTY 的变体

footing /ˈfʊtiŋ/ n.  1  a foothold; a secure position 立足处；稳固的地位  lost his footing  失足 2  the basis on which an enterprise is established or operates; the position or status of a person in relation to others (企业创建或经营的)基础；(某人与他人有关的)地位(或身份)  on an equal footing  平等地 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the foundations of a wall, usu. with a course of brickwork wider than the base of the wall (墙的)基脚，底脚

footle /ˈfu:t(ə)l/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about) esp. Brit. colloq.  behave foolishly or trivially [尤英口]干蠢事；闲混 [19th c.: perhaps from dialect footer ‘idle’]

footlights /ˈfʊtlaits/ n. pl.  a row of lights along the front of a stage at the level of the actors' feet 脚灯(舞台前部的一排灯)

footling /ˈfu:tliŋ/ adj. colloq.  trivial, silly [口]无足轻重的；琐碎的；愚蠢的

footloose /ˈfʊtlu:s/ adj. (often in phr. 常用于短语 footloose and fancy-free)  free to go where or act as one pleases 随心所欲的，自由自在的，无拘无束的

footman /ˈfʊtmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a liveried servant attending at the door, at table, or on a carriage (穿制服的)男仆，门房，马夫 2 hist.  an infantryman [史义]步兵

footmark /ˈfʊtmɑ:k/ n.  a footprint 脚印，足迹

footnote /ˈfʊtnəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  a note printed at the foot of a page 脚注 ●v. tr.  supply with a footnote or footnotes 给…作脚注

footpad /ˈfʊtpæd/ n. hist.  an unmounted highwayman [史义]徒步的拦路强盗

foot passenger n.  a pedestrian, esp. as opposed to a passenger travelling with a car by ferry 步行者，行人(尤指相对于带着车乘渡船的过路者而言)

footpath /ˈfʊtpɑ:θ/ n.  1 Brit.  a path for pedestrians, esp. an alley between buildings or a pavement at the side of a road [英]人行道 2  a path for walking along through woods, fields, etc. (树林、田野等的)人行小道

footplate /ˈfʊtpleit/ n. esp. Brit.  the platform in the cab of a locomotive for the crew [尤英] (火车司机室内为司车人员准备的)平台

foot-pound n. (pl. foot-pounds)  the amount of energy required to raise lb a distance of 1 foot 尺磅，英尺－磅(功的单位，指把 1 磅重的物体升高 1 英尺所需要的能)

foot-pound-second system n.  a system of measurement with the foot, pound, and second as basic units 英尺磅秒单位制，英尺－磅－秒单位制

footprint /ˈfʊtprint/ n.  1  the impression left by a foot or shoe 脚印，足迹 2  the area over which an aircraft is audible, a broadcast can be received, etc. 飞机声音所及的区域；广播能被收听到的地域 3 Computing  the area of desk space etc. occupied by a microcomputer or other piece of hardware 【计算】微机(或其他硬件)所占的桌面面积

footrest /ˈfʊtrest/ n.  a support for the feet or a foot 脚凳

foot-rot n.  a bacterial disease of the feet in sheep and cattle (牛、羊的)腐蹄病

foot-rule n.  a ruler 1 foot long 一英尺长的尺子

Footsie /ˈfʊtsi/ n. colloq.  the Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100 share index (based on the share values of Britain's hundred largest public companies) [口] (基于英国 100 家最大上市公司股价的)《金融时报》证券交易 100 指数 [fanciful acronym, influenced by FOOTSIE]

footsie /ˈfʊtsi/ n. colloq.  amorous play with the feet [口]以碰脚调情 [jocular diminutive of FOOT]

footslog /ˈfʊtslɒɡ/ v. & n. Brit. [英] ●v. intr. (-slogged, -slogging)  walk or march, esp. laboriously for a long distance 步行，行进(尤指艰难地跋涉很长的距离) ●n.  a laborious walk or march 艰难的跋涉，费力的行走 □ footslogger  n.  

foot soldier n.  a soldier who fights on foot 步兵

footsore /ˈfʊtsɔ:/ adj.  having sore feet, esp. from walking (尤指因行走而)脚痛的，脚酸的

footstalk /ˈfʊtstɔ:k/ n.  1 Bot.  a stalk of a leaf or peduncle of a flower 【植】叶柄，花梗 2 Zool.  an attachment of a stalked barnacle etc. 【动】梗节

footstep /ˈfʊtstep/ n.  1  a step taken in walking 脚步；一步的距离 2  the sound of this 脚步声 □ follow (or tread) in a person's footsteps   do as another person did before 步某人的后尘；仿效某人

footstool /ˈfʊtstu:l/ n.  a low stool for resting the feet on when sitting 脚凳(坐时搁脚的矮凳)

footway /ˈfʊtwei/ n. Brit.  a path or way for pedestrians [英]人行道

footwear /ˈfʊtwɛə/ n.  shoes, socks, etc. 脚上穿用之物(如鞋、短袜等)

footwell /ˈfʊtwel/ n.  a space for the feet in front of a seat in a car etc. 脚坑(小汽车等座位前面放脚的地方) [FOOT + WELL2 (in the sense ‘a depression in the floor’)]

footwork /ˈfʊtwɜ:k/ n.  the use of the feet, esp. skilfully, in sports, dancing, etc. (体育运动、舞蹈等的)步法；脚功

footy /ˈfʊti/ n. (also 亦作 footie, footer /-tə/) colloq. [口]  = FOOTBALL 1 

foo yong /fu: ˈjɒŋ/ n.  a Chinese dish or sauce made with eggs and other ingredients 芙蓉(一种中国菜或调味汁，用鸡蛋和其他配料制成) [Cantonese foō yung, literally ‘hibiscus’]

fop /fɒp/ n.  an affectedly elegant or fashionable man; a dandy 纨绔子弟，花花公子 □ foppery  n.  □ foppish  adj.  □ foppishly  adv.  □ foppishness  n.   [17th c.: perhaps from earlier fop ‘fool’]

f.o.r. abbr.  free on rail (see 见 FREE) [缩略]离岸价格(火车上交货)

for /fɔ:, fə/ prep. & conj. ●prep.  1  in the interest or to the benefit of; intended to go to 为了…的利益；打算送给  these flowers are for you  这些花是送给你的 wish to see it for myself  希望我亲自看到它 did it all for my country  完全是为了我的国家才干的 silly for you to go  要去你就太傻了 2  in defence, support, or favour of 保卫；支持，拥护，赞成  fight for one's rights  为捍卫权利而战 3  suitable or appropriate to 适合于  a dance for beginners  适合初学者的舞蹈 not for me to say  不该我说 4  in respect of or with reference to; regarding; so far as concerns 对于，至于，关于；在…方面；就…而言  usual for ties to be worn  带子用坏是很平常的 don't care for him at all  一点也不喜欢他 ready for bed  准备好睡觉 MP for Lincoln  代表林肯的下院议员 5  representing or in place of 代表；取代，代替  here for my uncle  这代表我叔叔 6  in exchange against 以…为交换  swopped it for a bigger one  用它换个大些的 7  a  as the price of 作为…的价钱  give me £ 5 for it  付我 5 英镑买下它b  at the price of 以…的价钱  bought it for £ 5  花 5 英镑买下了它c  to the amount of 达到，总计  a bill for £ 100  共计 100 英镑的账单 all out for 45  总共有 45 个 8  as the penalty of 作为对…的惩罚  fined them heavily for it  为此重罚了他们 9  in requital of 作为对…的报复(或报答)  that's for upsetting my sister  那是让我姐姐伤心而得到的报应 10  as a reward for 作为对…的报酬  here's £ 5 for your trouble  这 5 英镑是你的辛苦钱 11  with a view to; in the hope or quest of; in order to get 以…为目的，为了；怀着…的希望；为追求，为得到  go for a walk  去散步 run for a doctor  跑去请医生 did it for the money  为了钱才干的 12  corresponding to 相当，相符，相配  word for word  逐字地 13  to reach; in the direction of; towards 到达；向着，朝着  left for Rome  动身去了罗马 ran for the end of the road  朝路的尽头跑去 14  conducive or conducively to; in order to achieve 有助于，有益于；为获得  take the pills for a sound night's sleep  吃下这些药片以便能安睡一宿 15  so as to start promptly at 为了在…时间准时开始  the meeting is at seven-thirty for eight  请在 7 点半到会以保证 8 点准时开会 16  through or over (a distance or period); during 经过(一段距离或时间)；在…期间内  walked for miles  走了数英里 sang for two hours  唱了两个小时 17  in the character of; as being 有…的性质；作为  for the last time  最后一次地 know it for a lie  知道那是谎话 I for one refuse  我是拒绝的一个 18  because of; on account of 由于，因为  could not see for tears  因泪水而看不见 19  in spite of; notwithstanding 尽管，虽然  for all we know  尽管我们所知的与此相反 for all your fine words  尽管你说得漂亮 20  considering or making due allowance in respect of 考虑到，顾及；体谅  good for a beginner  适于用新手的 ●conj.  because, since, seeing that 因为，由于…的缘故 □ be for it  Brit. colloq.  be in imminent danger of punishment or other trouble [英口]即将受到惩罚(或陷入麻烦)□ for ever   see 见 EVER (cf. 参见 FOREVER) □ o (or oh) for  (as 作 int.)  expressing longing for a thing (表达对某物的渴望)要是能有…该多好啊 [Old English, probably a reduction of a Germanic preposition meaning ‘before’ (of place and time)]

for- /fɔ:, unstressed fə/ prefix forming verbs and their derivatives meaning 构成动词及其派生词，表示 :  1  away, off, apart (forget 忘记 ; forgive 原谅) 离，分 2  prohibition (forbid 禁止) 禁止 3  abstention or neglect (forgo 放弃 ; forsake 遗弃) 放弃；弃置 4  excess or intensity (forlorn 绝望的) 过度，极度 [Old English for-, fœr-]

forage /ˈfɒridʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  food for horses and cattle (牛、马的)饲料 2  the act or an instance of searching for food 搜寻食物 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  go searching; rummage (esp. for food) 搜寻，翻找(尤指食物) 2 tr.  get by foraging 搜得 3 tr.  supply with food 给…提供食物 □ forager  n.   [Middle English from Old French fourrage, fourrager, related to FODDER]

forage cap n.  an infantry undress cap 步兵便帽；军便帽

foramen /fəˈreimen/ n. (pl. foramina /-ˈræminə/) Anat.  an opening, hole, or passage, esp. in a bone 【解】(尤指骨头中的)孔；小孔 [Latin foramen -minis from forare ‘bore a hole’]

foramen magnum /ˈmæɡnəm/ n. Anat.  the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes 【解】枕骨大孔 [Latin, = large opening]

foraminifer /fɒrəˈminifə/ n. (also 亦作 foraminiferan /-ˈnif(ə)r(ə)n/)  any protozoan of the mainly marine order Foraminifera, having a perforated shell through which amoeba-like pseudopodia emerge 有孔虫 □ foraminiferous  /-ˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.  

forasmuch as /fərəzˈmʌtʃ/ conj. archaic  because, since [古义]因为，由于；鉴于 [= for as much]

foray /ˈfɒrei/ n. & v. ●n.  a sudden attack; a raid or incursion 突袭，侵袭 ●v. intr.  make or go on a foray 进行突袭(或侵袭) [Middle English: back-formation from forayer from Old French forrier ‘forager’, related to FODDER]

forbade (also 亦作 forbad) past  of FORBID 

forbear1 /fɔ:ˈbɛə/ v. intr. & tr. (past forbore /-ˈbɔ:/; past part. forborne /-ˈbɔ:n/) (often foll. by 常后跟 from, or to + infin.) literary  abstain or desist (from) [文学用语]克制，自制；忍住；避免  could not forbear (from) speaking out  忍不住要说出来 forbore to mention it  克制住没有提起此事 [Old English forberan (as FOR-, BEAR1)]

forbear2 var.  of FOREBEAR  FOREBEAR 的变体

forbearance /fɔ:ˈbɛər(ə)ns/ n.  patient self-control; tolerance (耐心的)自制；容忍，宽容；耐心

forbid /fəˈbid/ v. tr. (forbidding; past forbade /-ˈbæd, -ˈbeid/ or forbad /-ˈbæd/; past part. forbidden /-ˈbid(ə)n/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  order not 禁止，不许  I forbid you to go  我不许你走 2  refuse to allow (a thing, or a person to have a thing) 禁止(某物)，禁止(某人拥有某物)，不准  I forbid it  我禁止此事 was forbidden any wine  被禁止喝酒 3  refuse a person entry to 禁止某人进入  the gardens are forbidden to children  孩子们不准进入花园 [Old English forbēodan (as FOR-, BID)]

forbidden degrees n. pl.  a number of degrees of consanguinity within which marriage between two related persons is forbidden 禁止通婚的亲等

forbidden fruit n.  something desired or enjoyed all the more because not allowed 禁果(由于被禁止而更想得到或越发去享受的东西)

forbidding /fəˈbidiŋ/ adj.  uninviting, repellent, stern 令人讨厌的；难以亲近的；严峻的 □ forbiddingly  adv.  

forbore past  of FORBEAR1  

forborne past part.  of FORBEAR1  

forbye /fəˈbai, fɔ:-/ prep. & adv. archaic or Sc. [古义] [苏格兰] ●prep.  besides 除…之外 ●adv.  in addition 此外，另外

force1 /fɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  power; exerted strength or impetus; intense effort 力，力量；施加的(推动)力；巨大的努力 2  coercion or compulsion, esp. with the use or threat of violence 武力，暴力(尤指使用暴力或以暴力威胁) 3  a  military strength 军事力量b (in pl. 用复数)  troops; fighting resources 军队，部队；兵力c  an organized body of people, esp. soldiers, police, or workers 有组织的一群人，队伍(尤指士兵、警察或工人队伍) 4  binding power; validity 约束力，效力 5  effect; precise significance 要点；确切意义  the force of their words  他们所说话语的确切含义 6  a  mental or moral strength; influence, efficacy 精神(或道德)力量；影响力；功效，效力  force of habit  习惯势力b  vividness of effect 感染力，说服力；生动有力  described with much force  描写得极为生动有力 7 Physics 【物理学】  a  an influence tending to change the motion of a body or produce motion or stress in a stationary body 力b  the intensity of this (calculated e.g. by multiplying the mass of the body and its acceleration) 力的强度(如使物体的质量与其速度相乘求出的力的大小) 8  a person or thing regarded as exerting influence 有影响的人(或物)  is a force for good  是促人从善的因素 ●v.  1 tr.  constrain (a person) by force or against his or her will 强迫(某人)，迫使，逼迫 2 tr.  make a way through or into by force; break open by force 强行通过(或进入)；强行打开 3 tr. (usu. with prep. or adv. 通常与介词或副词连用)  drive or propel violently or against resistance 用强力推动；使…逆阻力而动  forced it into the hole  把它硬塞进洞里 the wind forced them back  风吹得他们往后退 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impose or press (on a person) 把…强加于(某人)  forced their views on us  强迫我们接受他们的观点 5 tr.  a  cause or produce by effort 勉强作出(或挤出)；使劲促成  forced a smile  强作笑颜b  attain by strength or effort 用强力获得(或达到)  forced an entry  强行闯入 must force a decision  必须强行作出决定c  make (a way) by force 用强暴手段开(道) 6 tr.  strain or increase to the utmost; overstrain 最大限度地使用(或提高)；过度使用 7 tr.  artificially hasten the development or maturity of (a plant) (用人工方法)加快(植物)的成长(或成熟) 8 tr.  seek or demand quick results from; accelerate the process of 谋求(或要求)从…中快出结果；加快…的进程  force the pace  加快速度 9 intr. Cards  make a play that compels another particular play 【牌戏】紧逼，逼打 □ by force of   by means of 借助于，以…手段□ force the bidding  (at an auction) make bids to raise the price rapidly (拍卖时快速)抬价□ force a person's hand   make a person act prematurely or unwillingly 迫使某人过早(或勉强)地行动□ force the issue   render an immediate decision necessary 立即作出必要的决定□ in force   1  valid, effective 有效的，在实施中的 2  in great strength or numbers 强有力地；大批地□ join forces   combine efforts 联合，合作□ forceable  adj.  □ forcer  n.   [Middle English from Old French force, forcer, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

force2 /fɔ:s/ n. N. Engl.  a waterfall [英格兰北部]瀑布 [Old Norse fors]

forced labour n.  compulsory labour, esp. under harsh conditions 强迫劳动

forced landing n.  the unavoidable landing of an aircraft in an emergency (飞机的)迫降，紧急着陆 □ force-land  v. tr. & intr.  

forced march n.  a long and vigorous march esp. by troops 强行军，急行军

force-feed n.  force (esp. a prisoner) to take food 强迫(尤指囚犯)进食

force field n. (in science fiction) an invisible barrier of force (科幻小说中)无形的力障碍区

forceful /ˈfɔ:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  vigorous, powerful 强有力的 2 (of speech) compelling, impressive (演讲)有说服力的，给人深刻印象的 □ forcefully  adv.  □ forcefulness  n.  

force majeure /fɔ:s mæˈʒɜ:, 法 fɔrs maʒœr/ n.  1  irresistible compulsion or coercion 不可抗拒的强制力(或压力)，不可抗力 2  an unforeseeable course of events excusing a person from the fulfilment of a contract (使某人可以不履行合同的)不可预见的事件 [French, = superior strength]

forcemeat /ˈfɔ:smi:t/ n.  meat or vegetables etc. chopped and seasoned for use as a stuffing or a garnish (作馅儿或配菜用的)调过味的碎肉(或蔬菜等) [obsolete force, farce ‘stuff’ from Old French farsir: see FARCE]

forceps /ˈfɔ:seps, -sips/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  surgical pincers, used for grasping and holding (医用)镊子，钳子 2 Bot. & Zool.  an organ or structure resembling forceps 【植】【动】钳状体；(昆虫的)尾铗 [Latin forceps forcipis]

force-pump n.  a pump that forces water under pressure 压力泵

forcible /ˈfɔ:sib(ə)l/ adj.  done by or involving force; forceful 用暴力的，强迫的；强有力的，有说服力的 □ forcibly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French (as FORCE1)]

ford /fɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a shallow place where a river or stream may be crossed by wading or in a vehicle 河流可涉水(或乘车)而过的浅水区，浅滩 ●v. tr.  cross (water) at a ford (从浅水区)涉(水) □ fordable  adj.  □ fordless  adj.   [Old English from West Germanic]

fore /fɔ:/ adj., n., int. & prep. ●adj.  situated in front (cf. 参见 HIND adj.) 在前部的；在前的 ●n.  the front part, esp. of a ship; the bow (尤指船的)前部；船头 ●int. Golf  a warning to a person in the path of a ball 【高尔夫球】(用以警告挡在球路上的人闪开以免被球击中)前面当心！前面让开！  ●prep. archaic (in oaths) in the presence of [古义] (用于誓词)在…面前  fore God  凭天起誓 □ come to the fore   take a leading part 起领导作用，领头；脱颖而出□ to the fore   in front; conspicuous 在前面；在显著地位 [Old English from Germanic: the adjective and noun from Middle English, from compounds with FORE-]

fore- /fɔ:/ prefix forming 构成 :  1  verbs meaning 动词，表示 :a  in front (foreshorten 用透视法缩短) 在前面b  beforehand; in advance (foreordain 预先决定 ; forewarn 预先警告) 事先，预先；提前 2  nouns meaning 名词，表示 :a  situated in front of (forecourt 前院) 位于…前面b  the front part of (forehead 前额) 前部c  of or near the bow of a ship (forecastle 艏楼) 船首；近船首d  preceding (forerunner 先驱) 在前，在先 [Old English, as FORE]

fore and aft adv. & adj. ●adv.  at bow and stern; all over the ship 在船头和船尾；满船 ●adj. (作 fore-and-aft) (of a sail or rigging) set lengthwise, not on the yards (船帆或帆索)沿船体纵向设置的，无横帆的

fore-and-aft rigged adj. (of a vessel) having fore-and-aft rigging (opp. 反义 SQUARE-RIGGED) (船)有纵帆装置的

forearm1 /ˈfɔ:rɑ:m/ n.  1  the part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist or the fingertips 前臂(肘至手腕或指尖的部分) 2  the corresponding part in a foreleg or wing 前肢下部；翅前部

forearm2 /fɔ:rˈɑ:m/ v. tr.  prepare or arm beforehand 预先做准备；预先武装

forebear /ˈfɔ:bɛə/ n. (also 亦作 forbear) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an ancestor 祖先，祖宗 [FORE + obsolete bear, beer (as BE, -ER1)]

forebode /fɔ:ˈbəʊd/ v. tr.  1  betoken; be an advance warning of (an evil or unwelcome event) 预示；预警(不祥或令人讨厌的事) 2  have a presentiment of (usu. evil) 预感(通常指不祥的事)

foreboding /fɔ:ˈbəʊdiŋ/ n.  an expectation of trouble or evil; a presage or omen (对麻烦、不幸等的)预感；预示，预兆，兆头 □ forebodingly  adv.  

forebrain /ˈfɔ:brein/ n. Anat.  the anterior part of the brain, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus Also called 亦称作 prosencephalon 【解】前脑

forecast /ˈfɔ:kɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. -cast or -casted)  predict; estimate or calculate beforehand 预言，预报；预测；预示 ●n.  a calculation or estimate of something future, esp. coming weather 预报(尤指天气预报)；预测 □ forecaster  n.  

forecastle /ˈfəʊks(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 fo'c'sle) Naut. 【海】  1  the forward part of a ship where the crew has quarters 艏楼(船前部的水手舱) 2 hist.  a short raised deck at the bow [史义]船首上高起的甲板

foreclose /fɔ:ˈkləʊz/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾]; foll. by 后跟 on)  stop (a mortgage) from being redeemable or (a mortgager) from redeeming, esp. as a result of defaults in payment 取消回赎(抵押品)的权利，取消(抵押人)的赎回权(尤指因抵押人未能如期清偿债务) 2  exclude, prevent 排斥；阻止 3  shut out; bar 把…关在外面，排斥；终止；妨碍 □ foreclosure  n.   [Middle English via Old French forclos, past part. of forclore, from for- ‘out’ from Latin foras + CLOSE2]

forecourt /ˈfɔ:kɔ:t/ n.  1  an enclosed space in front of a building (建筑物的)前院，前庭 2 Brit.  the part of a filling station where petrol is supplied [英] (加油站的)加油处 3 Tennis  the part of the court between the service line and the net 【网球】前场(指从发球线至球网处)

foredeck /ˈfɔ:dek/ n.  1  the deck at the forward part of a ship (船的)前甲板 2  the forward part of the deck 甲板前部

foredoom /fɔ:ˈdu:m/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  doom or condemn beforehand 事先注定

fore-edge /ˈfɔ:redʒ/ n. (also 亦作 foredge)  the front or outer edge (esp. of the pages of a book) (尤指书页的)前(或外)切口

forefather /ˈfɔ:fɑ:ðə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an ancestor 祖先，祖宗 2  a member of a past generation of a family or people 前辈

forefinger /ˈfɔ:fiŋɡə/ n.  the finger next to the thumb 食指

forefoot /ˈfɔ:fʊt/ n. (pl. -feet)  1  either of the front feet of a four-footed animal (四足动物的)前足 2 Naut.  the foremost section of a ship's keel 【海】船龙骨最前部

forefront /ˈfɔ:frʌnt/ n.  1  the foremost part. 最前部 2  the leading position 最重要的位置

foregather /fɔ:ˈɡæðə/ v. intr. (also 亦作 forgather)  assemble; meet together; associate 聚集，相聚，聚会；交往 [15th-c. Scots from Dutch vergaderen, assimilated to FOR-, GATHER]

forego1 /fɔ:ˈɡəʊ/ v. tr. & intr. (-goes; past -went /-ˈwent/; past part. -gone /-ˈɡɒn/)  precede in place or time 走在前面；发生在前面 □ foregoer  n.   [Old English foregɑˉn]

forego2 var.  of FORGO  FORGO 的变体

foregoing /ˈfɔ:ɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  preceding; previously mentioned 前面的；前面提到的，前述的

foregone /fɔ:ˈɡɒn/ past part.  of FOREGO1 ; attrib. adj. /ˈfɔ:ɡɒn/ previous, preceding, completed 以前的；前面的；完成的，结束的

foregone conclusion n.  an easily foreseen or predictable result 可轻易预见到(或预料到)的结果，必然的结果

foreground /ˈfɔ:ɡraʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the part of a view, esp. in a picture, that is nearest the observer (尤指图画靠近观赏者的)前景 2  the most conspicuous position 最显著的位置 ●v. tr.  place in the foreground; make prominent 把…置于最显著的位置，使突出 [Dutch voorgrond (as FORE-, GROUND1)]

forehand /ˈfɔ:hænd/ n.  1 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  a stroke played with the palm of the hand facing the opponent 正手击球，正拍b (作 attrib.) (also 亦作 forehanded)  of or made with a forehand 正手打的 2  the part of a horse in front of the seated rider 马体前部(指在骑马者前面的部分)

forehead /ˈfɒrid, ˈfɔ:hed/ n.  the part of the face above the eyebrows 额，前额 [Old English forhēafod (as FORE-, HEAD)]

forehock /ˈfɔ:hɒk/ n. Brit.  a foreleg cut of pork or bacon [英] (猪肉或腊肉的)前腿肉

foreign /ˈfɒr(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or from or situated in or characteristic of a country or a language other than one's own 外国的；来自外国的；在外国的；有外国特色的 2  dealing with other countries 涉外的，对外的  foreign service  对外服务 3  of another district, society, etc. 外地的；另一社会团体的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfamiliar, strange, uncharacteristic 不熟悉的，陌生的；不是本身所固有的  his behaviour is foreign to me  他的行为我很陌生 5  coming or introduced from outside 外来的；异质的  foreign matter in the mechanism  机制中的外来物质 □ foreignness  /ˈfɒr(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English from Old French forein, forain, ultimately from Latin foras, -is ‘outside’: for -g- cf. sovereign]

foreign aid n.  money, food, etc. given or lent by one country to another 外援

Foreign and Commonwealth Office n.  the British government department dealing with foreign affairs (英国)外交和联邦事务部

foreign body n.  an extraneous material object, esp. one ingested, introduced, etc., into the body (尤指进入体内的)异物

foreigner /ˈfɒr(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person born in or coming from a foreign country 外国人 2 esp. dial.  a person not belonging to a particular place or group [尤方]外地人；外人 3  a  a foreign ship 外国船b  an imported animal or article 进口动物(或货物)

foreign exchange n.  1  the currency of other countries 外汇 2  dealings in these 外汇交易

foreign legion n.  a body of foreign volunteers in a modern, esp. the French, army 外国志愿军，外籍军(尤指法国军队中的外籍军团)

foreign minister n. (also 亦作 foreign secretary) Brit.  a government minister in charge of his or her country's relations with other countries [英]外交大臣

Foreign Office n. Brit. hist. or colloq. [英史义] [口]  = FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE 

foreign service n. N. Amer. [北美]  = DIPLOMATIC SERVICE 

foreign trade n.  international trade 对外贸易

forejudge /fɔ:ˈdʒʌdʒ/ v. tr.  judge or determine before knowing the evidence 未了解证据就断定(或裁定)；预断，预判

foreknow /fɔ:ˈnəʊ/ v. tr. (past -knew /-ˈnju:/; past part. -known /-ˈnəʊn/)  know beforehand; have prescience of 事先知道，预知 □ foreknowledge  /fɔ:ˈnɒlidʒ/ n.  

forelady /ˈfɔ:leidi/ n. (pl. -ies) US [美]  = FOREWOMAN 

foreland /ˈfɔ:lənd/ n.  1  a cape or promontory 岬，陆岬，海角 2  a piece of land in front of something 前沿地

foreleg /ˈfɔ:leɡ/ n.  each of the front legs of a quadruped (四足动物的)前腿

forelimb /ˈfɔ:lim/ n.  either of the front limbs of an animal (动物的)前肢

forelock /ˈfɔ:lɒk/ n.  a lock of hair growing just above the forehead 额前的一绺头发，额发 □ take time by the forelock   seize an opportunity 抓住机会，乘机□ touch (or tug) one's forelock   defer to a person of higher social rank 遵从社会地位较高的人

foreman /ˈfɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a worker with supervisory responsibilities 工头，监工，领班 2  the member of a jury who presides over its deliberations and speaks on its behalf 陪审团团长

foremast /ˈfɔ:mɑ:st/ n.  the forward (lower) mast of a ship 船(较矮的)前桅杆，前桅

foremost /ˈfɔ:məʊst/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  the chief or most notable 主要的，首要的；最著名的 2  the most advanced in position; the front 最前的；最先的 ●adv.  before anything else in position; in the first place 在最前面，居首位；首先  first and foremost  首要的是，首先 [earlier formost, formest, superlative of Old English forma ‘first’, assimilated to FORE, MOST]

foremother /ˈfɔ:mʌðə/ n.  a female ancestor or predecessor 女祖先，女祖宗

forename /ˈfɔ:neim/ n.  a first or Christian name 名；教名

forenoon /ˈfɔ:nu:n/ n. archaic except Law & Naut.  the part of the day before noon [古义] (【法律】【海】除外)午前，上午

forensic /fəˈrensik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or used in connection with courts of law, esp. in relation to crime detection 法庭的；用于法庭的  forensic evidence  法庭证据；用于法庭的证据 2  of or employing forensic science 司法(或法庭)科学的；利用司法(或法庭)科学的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  forensic science [口]刑事侦破科学 □ forensically  adv.   [Latin forensis from FORUM]■Usage 用法说明 The use of forensic in sense 2 is common, but it is considered an illogical extension of sense 1 by some people. 使用 forensic 释义 2 是常见的，但这却被一些人认为是对 forensic 释义 1 不合逻辑的引申。 

forensic medicine n.  the application of medical knowledge to legal problems 法医学

forensic science n.  the application of biochemical and other scientific techniques to the investigation of crime (应用生物化学等技术破案的)刑事侦破科学

foreordain /fɔ:rɔ:ˈdein/ v. tr.  predestinate; ordain beforehand 注定；预先决定 □ foreordination  /-diˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

forepaw /ˈfɔ:pɔ:/ n.  either of the front paws of a quadruped (四足动物的)前爪，前掌

forepeak /ˈfɔ:pi:k/ n. Naut.  the end of the forehold in the angle of the bows 【海】艏尖舱

foreplay /ˈfɔ:plei/ n.  stimulation preceding sexual intercourse 前戏(性交前的性刺激)

forequarters /ˈfɔ:kwɔ:təz/ n. pl.  the front legs and adjoining parts of a quadruped (四足动物的)前腿及毗连部分

forerun /fɔ:ˈrʌn/ v. tr. (-running; past -ran /-ˈræn/; past part. -run)  1  go before 走在…之前 2  indicate the coming of; foreshadow 预示，预报

forerunner /ˈfɔ:rʌnə/ n.  1  a predecessor 前辈；前任；先驱 2  an advance messenger 预兆，先兆

foresail /ˈfɔ:seil, -s(ə)l/ n. Naut.  the principal sail on a foremast (the lowest square sail, or the fore-and-aft bent on the mast, or the triangular before the mast) 【海】前桅帆，前帆(指最低的横帆、系在船桅上的纵帆或桅前三角帆)

foresee /fɔ:ˈsi:/ v. tr. (past -saw /-ˈsɔ:/; past part. -seen /-ˈsi:n/) (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  see or be aware of beforehand 预见；预知 □ foreseeable  adj.  □ foreseeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ foreseeably  adv.  □ foreseer  /-ˈsi:ə/ n.   [Old English foresēon (as FORE- + SEE1)]

foreshadow /fɔ:ˈʃædəʊ/ v. tr.  be a warning or indication of (a future event) 预示(未来事件)，是(未来事件)的预兆

foresheets /ˈfɔ:ʃi:ts/ n. pl. Naut.  the inner part of the bows of a boat with gratings for the bowman to stand on 【海】(带格子板以供船头划桨手站立的)船首内部空间；敞艇的前部

foreshock /ˈfɔ:ʃɒk/ n.  a lesser shock preceding the main shock of an earthquake (地震的)前震

foreshore /ˈfɔ:ʃɔ:/ n.  the part of the shore between high and low water marks, or between the water and cultivated or developed land (高潮线与低潮线之间的海滩)前滩(海水与已耕种或已开发的陆地之间的海滨)前滨

foreshorten /fɔ:ˈʃɔ:t(ə)n/ v. tr.  show or portray (an object) with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective 用透视法按远近比例缩小以显示(或画) (某物体)

foreshow /fɔ:ˈʃəʊ/ v. tr. (past part. -shown /-ʃəʊn/)  1  foretell 预言 2  foreshadow, portend, prefigure 预示；是…的预兆；预见

foresight /ˈfɔ:sait/ n.  1  regard or provision for the future 远见；先见之明 2  the process of foreseeing 预见 3  the front sight of a gun (枪的)准星 4 Surveying  a sight taken forwards 【测量学】前视 □ foresighted  /-ˈsaitid/ adj.  □ foresightedly  /-ˈsaitidli/ adv.  □ foresightedness  /-ˈsaitidnis/ n.   [Middle English, probably suggested by Old Norse forsjɑˊ, forsjó (as FORE-, SIGHT)]

foreskin /ˈfɔ:skin/ n.  the fold of skin covering the end of the penis Also called 亦称作 PREPUCE (男性生殖器的)包皮

forest /ˈfɒrist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth 森林地带，林区b  the trees growing in it 森林c  a large number or dense mass of vertical objects 大量(或密集)的直立物体，林立之物  a forest of masts  帆樯林立 2  a district formerly a forest but now cultivated 已耕种的前林地  Sherwood Forest  舍伍德林区 3 Brit. hist.  a woodland area usu. owned by the sovereign, kept for hunting, and having its own laws [英史义]御猎场；御林 ●v. tr.  1  plant with trees 植林于 2  convert into a forest 使成为森林 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin forestis silva ‘wood outside the walls of a park’ from Latin foris ‘outside’]

forestall /fɔ:ˈstɔ:l/ v. tr.  1  act in advance of in order to prevent 在…之前行动以阻止，预先阻止 2  anticipate (the action of another, or an event) 抢在(另一个人或某事件)之前行动 3  anticipate the action of 先于…行动 4  deal with beforehand 预先处理 5 hist.  buy up (goods) in order to profit by an enhanced price [史义] (为抬价获利而)囤积(货物) □ forestaller  n.  □ forestalment  n.   [Middle English in sense 5: cf. Anglo-Latin forestallare from Old English foresteall ‘an ambush’ (as FORE-, STALL1)]

forestation /fɒriˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the planting or establishing of a forest 造林

forestay /ˈfɔ:stei/ n. Naut.  a stay from the head of the foremast to the ship's deck to support the foremast 【海】前桅前支索

forester /ˈfɒristə/ n.  1  a person in charge of a forest or skilled in forestry 林务员；懂林业的人 2  a person or animal living in a forest 森林居民；森林动物 3 (作 Forester) Brit.  a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters (a friendly society) [英]古代兄弟会成员 [Middle English from Old French forestier (as FOREST)]

forestry /ˈfɒristri/ n.  1  the science or management of forests 森林学；森林管理 2  wooded country; forests 森林地带；森林

forest tree n.  a large tree suitable for a forest 森林树木(指宜于造林的高大树木)

foretaste n. & v. ●n. /ˈfɔ:teist/  partial enjoyment or suffering in advance; anticipation (对快乐或痛苦)预先的体验，先尝；预感；预示 ●v. tr. /fɔ:ˈteist/  taste beforehand; anticipate the experience of 先尝；预先体验

foretell /fɔ:ˈtel/ v. tr. (past and past part. -told /-ˈtəʊld/)  tell of or presage (an event etc.) before it takes place; predict, prophesy 预言(事件等)；预示，预兆；预料 □ foreteller  n.  

forethought /ˈfɔ:θɔ:t/ n.  1  care or provision for the future 深谋远虑 2  previous thinking or devising 事先的考虑(或筹划)；预谋 3  deliberate intention 深思熟虑的打算

foretoken n. & v. ●n. /ˈfɔ:təʊk(ə)n/  a sign of something to come 预兆，征兆 ●v. tr. /fɔ:ˈtəʊk(ə)n/  portend; indicate beforehand 是…的征兆；预示 [Old English foretɑˉcn (as FORE-, TOKEN)]

foretold past and past part.  of FORETELL 

foretop /ˈfɔ:tɒp, -təp/ n. Naut.  a platform at the top of a foremast (see 见 TOP1 n. 10) 【海】前桅平台

fore-topgallant-mast n. Naut.  the mast above the fore-topmast 【海】前上桅

fore-topgallant-sail n. Naut.  the sail above the fore-topsail 【海】前上桅帆

fore-topmast /fɔ:ˈtɒpmɑ:st, -məst/ n. Naut.  the mast above the foremast 【海】前中桅，前桅的中桅(指前桅平台以上的桅杆)

fore-topsail /fɔ:ˈtɒps(ə)l, -seil/ n. Naut.  the sail above the foresail 【海】前桅中帆

forever /fəˈrevə/ adv.  continually, persistently (cf. 参见 for ever) 总是；不断地；永远  is forever complaining  老是发牢骚

forevermore /fərevəˈmɔ:/ adv. US (Brit. [英] for evermore)  an emphatic form of FOREVER or for ever (see 见 EVER) [美] (FOREVER 或 for ever 的强调形式)永远

forewarn /fɔ:ˈwɔ:n/ v. tr.  warn beforehand 预先警告 □ forewarner  n.  

forewent past  of FOREGO1 , FOREGO2 

forewing /ˈfɔ:wiŋ/ n.  either of the two front wings of a four-winged insect (四翅昆虫的)前翅

forewoman /ˈfɔ:wʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a female worker with supervisory responsibilities 女工头，女工长，女领班 2  a woman who presides over a jury's deliberations and speaks on its behalf 陪审团女团长

foreword /ˈfɔ:wɜ:d/ n.  introductory remarks at the beginning of a book, often by a person other than the author 序，序言，前言 [FORE- + WORD, translating German Vorwort]

foreyard /ˈfɔ:jɑ:d/ n. Naut.  the lowest yard on a foremast 【海】前桅的最下桅桁

forfeit /ˈfɔ:fit/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a penalty for a breach of contract or neglect; a fine (因违约或疏忽而被罚的)罚金，罚款 2  a  a trivial fine for a breach of rules in clubs etc. or in games (因违反俱乐部或比赛的规则而被罚的)小额罚款b (in pl. 用复数)  a game in which forfeits are exacted 罚物游戏 3  something surrendered as a penalty (因受罚而)丧失的东西；没收物 4  the process of forfeiting 丧失；没收；剥夺 5 Law  property or a right or privilege lost as a legal penalty 【法律】(因受法律惩罚而)丧失的财产(或权利、特权) ●adj.  lost or surrendered as a penalty (因受罚而)丧失了的，被没收的 ●v. tr. (forfeited, forfeiting)  lose the right to, be deprived of, or have to pay as a penalty 丧失对…的权利；被没收；被剥夺；(作为处罚)不得不偿付 □ forfeitable  adj.  □ forfeiter  n.  □ forfeiture  n.   [Middle English (= crime) from Old French forfet, forfait, past part. of forfaire ‘transgress’ from Latin foris ‘outside’ + faire from Latin facere ‘do’]

forfend /fɔ:ˈfend/ v. tr.  1 US  protect by precautions [美]防护，保护 2 archaic  avert; keep off [古义]防止；禁止；避开；挡开

forgather var.  of FOREGATHER  FOREGATHER 的变体

forgave past  of FORGIVE  FORGIVE 的变体

forge1 /fɔ:dʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a Brit.  make (money etc.) in fraudulent imitation [英]伪造(货币等)b  write (a document or signature) in order to pass it off as written by another 伪造(文件或签名) 2  fabricate, invent 编造，捏造 3  shape (esp. metal) by heating in a fire and hammering 把(尤指金属)锤炼成，锻造，打制 ●n.  1  a blacksmith's workshop; a smithy 铁匠铺，铁匠工场 2  a  a furnace or hearth for melting or refining metal 锻铁炉b  a workshop containing this 锻造车间 □ forgeable  adj.  □ forger  n.   [Middle English via Old French forge (n.), forger (v.) from Latin fabricare FABRICATE]

forge2 /fɔ:dʒ/ v. intr.  move forward gradually or steadily 稳步前进 □ forge ahead   1  take the lead in a race 在赛跑中领先 2  move forward or make progress rapidly 快速前进，迅速进步 [18th c.: perhaps an aberrant pronunciation of FORCE1]

forgery /ˈfɔ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of forging, counterfeiting, or falsifying a document etc. (文件等的)伪造，假冒 2  a forged or spurious thing, esp. a document or signature 伪造品，赝品(尤指伪造的文件或签名)

forget /fəˈɡet/ v. (forgetting; past forgot /-ˈɡɒt/; past part. forgotten /-ˈɡɒt(ə)n/ or esp. US [尤美] forgot)  1 tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  intr. lose the remembrance of; not remember (a person or thing) 忘却，忘记(某人或某物) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 clause or to + infin.)  not remember; neglect 忘记；忽视  forgot to come  忘来了 forgot how to do it  忘记怎么做了 3 tr.  inadvertently omit to bring or mention or attend to (因疏忽而)忘记带(或提到、照料) 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  put out of mind; cease to think of 不再把…放在心上，不再去想，忘掉  forgive and forget  不念旧恶 □ forget oneself   1  neglect one's own interests 忘我，无私 2  act unbecomingly or unworthily 忘乎所以；言行不得体；心不在焉□ forgettable  adj.  □ forgetter  n.   [Old English forgietan from West Germanic (as FOR-, GET)]

forgetful /fəˈɡetfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  apt to forget, absent-minded 好忘的，健忘的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  forgetting, neglectful 不经心的，疏忽的 □ forgetfully  adj.  □ forgetfulness  n.  

forget-me-not n.  any plant of the genus Myosotis, esp. M. scorpioides with small yellow-eyed bright blue flowers 勿忘(我)草

forgive /fəˈɡiv/ v. tr. (also absol. or with double object [亦含宾]或接双宾) (past forgave; past part. forgiven)  1  cease to feel angry or resentful towards; pardon (an offender or offence) 宽恕(冒犯者或过错)，饶恕，原谅  forgive us our mistakes  宽恕我们的错误 2  remit or let off (a debt or debtor) 豁免(债务或债务人)；免除(债务) □ forgivable  adj.  □ forgivably  adv.  □ forgiver  n.   [Old English forgiefan (as FOR-, GIVE)]

forgiveness /fəˈɡivnis/ n.  the act of forgiving; the state of being forgiven 原谅，宽恕，饶恕；豁免，免除 [Old English forgiefenes (as FORGIVE)]

forgiving /fəˈɡiviŋ/ adj.  inclined readily to forgive 宽容的，仁慈的 □ forgivingly  adv.  

forgo /fɔ:ˈɡəʊ, fə-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 forego) (-goes /-ˈɡəʊz/; past -went /-ˈwent/; past part. -gone /-ˈɡɒn/)  1  abstain from; go without; relinquish 戒绝；弃绝；放弃 2  omit or decline to take or use (a pleasure, advantage, etc.) 不要(或谢绝) (享乐、好处等) [Old English forgɑˉn (as FOR-, GO1)]

forgot past  of FORGET  

forgotten past part.  of FORGET  

forint /ˈfɒrint/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Hungary 福林(匈牙利主要货币单位) [Hungarian from Italian fiorino: see FLORIN]

fork /fɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an instrument with two or more prongs used in eating or cooking (就餐或做饭用的)叉子；餐叉 2  a similar much larger instrument used for digging, lifting, etc. (挖掘、升举等用的)叉；耙 3  any pronged device or component 叉状器具(或部件)  tuning fork  音叉 4  a forked support for a bicycle wheel (自行车)轮叉，叉架 5  a  a divergence of anything, e.g. a stick or road, or N. Amer. a river, into two parts 物体(如枝条、道路或[北美]河流)的分叉，分岔，分流b  the place where this occurs 分叉处；岔口；分流处c  either of the two parts (枝条的)一个分叉；岔路；岔流，支流  take the left fork  走左边的岔路 6  a flash of forked lightning 叉状闪电的闪光 7 Chess  a simultaneous attack on two pieces by one 【棋类】“一捉两”(指一棋子对两棋子的同时进攻) ●v.  1 intr.  form a fork or branch by separating into two parts 成叉(或树枝)状；分岔，分叉 2 intr.  take one or other road etc. at a fork 在岔口处拐弯  fork left for Banbury  在岔口处左拐前往班伯里 3 tr.  dig or lift etc. with a fork (用叉、耙)挖掘；叉起；耙 4 tr. Chess  attack (two pieces) simultaneously with one 【棋类】用一枚棋子同时攻(两枚棋子) □ fork out (or up)  colloq.  hand over or pay, usu. reluctantly [口] (通常指不情愿地)交出，付出；付钱□ fork over   1  turn over (soil etc.) with a fork 用耙翻(土等) 2 colloq. [口]  = fork out  [Old English forca, force from Latin furca]

forked /fɔ:kt/ adj.  1  having a fork or forklike end or branches 有叉的；叉状的；分岔的 2  divergent, cleft 分叉的，叉开的；裂开的 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having so many prongs 有若干尖齿的  three-forked  三齿的

forked lightning n.  a lightning flash in the form of a zigzag or branching line 之字形(或叉形)闪电

fork-lift truck n.  a vehicle with a horizontal fork in front for lifting and carrying loads 叉车

fork lunch n. (also 亦作 fork supper etc.) Brit.  a light meal eaten with a fork at a buffet etc. [英] (在快餐部等处用餐叉吃的)便餐，快餐

forlorn /fəˈlɔ:n/ adj.  1  sad and abandoned or lonely 愁苦的；被遗弃的；孤苦伶仃的 2  in a pitiful state; of wretched appearance 可怜的；不幸的；悲惨的 3  desperate, hopeless, forsaken 绝望的；无希望的；被弃置的；荒凉的 □ forlornly  adv.  □ forlornness  /fəˈlɔ:nnis/ n.   [past part. of obsolete forlese from Old English forlēosan (as FOR-, LOSE)]

forlorn hope n.  1  a faint remaining hope or chance 渺茫的希望 2  a desperate enterprise 无成功希望的计划(或事业) [Dutch verloren hoop ‘lost troop’, originally of a storming-party etc.]

form /fɔ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a shape; an arrangement of parts 形状；结构b  the outward aspect (esp. apart from colour) or shape of a body 外貌(尤指除颜色外)，外形，体型 2  a person or animal as visible or tangible (人或动物的)形体，轮廓；身影  the familiar form of the postman  邮递员那熟悉的身影 3  the mode in which a thing exists or manifests itself 事物存在(或呈现)的方式；形态  took the form of a book  采用了书本的形式 4  a species, kind, or variety 种类，类型 5  a  a printed document with blank spaces for information to be inserted 表格b  a regularly drawn document 按规定拟制的文件 6 esp. Brit.  a class in a school [尤英] (学校的)年级 7  a customary method; what is usually done (惯常的)方法；(通常的)做法  common form  常见的做法 8  a set order of words; a formula 公式化语句，套语 9  behaviour according to a rule or custom 礼貌，礼节 10 (prec. by 前接 the)  correct procedure 正确的程序，常规，惯例  knows the form  懂得规矩 11  a (of an athlete, horse, etc.) condition of health and training (运动员、马等的)健康和训练情况，竞技状态  is in top form  竞技状态极佳b Racing  details of previous performances 【赛马】以往成绩的详细情况 12  general state or disposition 状态；情绪  was in great form  兴高采烈 13 Brit. slang  a criminal record [英] [俚语]犯罪记录 14  formality or mere ceremony 形式；虚礼；仪式 15 Gram. 【语法】  a  one of the ways in which a word may be spelt or pronounced or inflected (词拼写、读音或屈折变化的)形式b  the external characteristics of words apart from meaning (语言除意义外的)外部特征 16  arrangement and style in literary or musical composition (文学或音乐作品的)结构，表现形式，体裁 17 Philos.  the essential nature of a species or thing 【哲】(一类或某一事物的)本质性质，形式 18 Brit.  a long bench without a back [英]长板凳 19 esp. US Printing [尤美]【印刷】  = FORME  20 Brit.  a hare's lair [英] (野兔的)窟，窝 21  = SUTTERING 1  ●v.  1 tr.  make or fashion into a certain shape or form 使具有一定形状，塑造；制作 2 intr.  take a certain shape; be formed 成某种形状；形成 3 tr.  be the material of; make up or constitute 是…的材料；构成  together form a unit  一起构成一个单元 forms part of the structure  构成结构的一部分 4 tr.  train or instruct 训练；指导 5 tr.  develop or establish as a concept, institution, or practice 形成，养成；创立，建立  form an idea  形成想法 formed an alliance  建立联盟 form a habit  养成习惯 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  embody, organize 体现为；组织成 7 tr.  articulate (a word) 发出(词)的音 8 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) esp. Mil.  bring or be brought into a certain arrangement or formation (尤)【军】(使)排成队形，(使)列队 9 tr.  construct (a new word) by derivation, inflection, etc. (通过派生、屈折变化等)构成(新词) □ in form   fit for racing etc. 适于比赛等；竞技状态良好□ off form  esp. Brit.  not playing or performing well [尤英]竞技状态不佳；发挥失常□ on form  esp. Brit.  playing or performing well [尤英]竞技状态良好；发挥正常□ out of form   not fit for racing etc. 不适于比赛等；竞技状态不佳 [Middle English via Old French forme from Latin forma ‘mould, form’]

-form /fɔ:m/ comb. form (usu. as 通常作 -iform) forming adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成形容词，表示 :  1  having the form of (cruciform; cuneiform) 具有…形状的 2  having such a number of (uniform; multiform) 有…种形式的 [from or suggested by French -forme from Latin -formis, from forma FORM]

formal /ˈfɔ:m(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  used or done or held in accordance with rules, convention, or ceremony 正式的，合乎常规的，合乎习俗(或礼仪)的  formal dress  礼服 a formal occasion  正式场合 2  ceremonial; required by convention 礼节性的；例行的  a formal call  礼节性拜访 3  precise or symmetrical 精确的；对称的；匀称的  a formal garden  以规则的几何图形布局的花园 4  prim or stiff in manner 一本正经的，拘谨的，刻板的 5  perfunctory, having the form without the spirit 表面形式的，例行公事的 6  valid or correctly so called because of its form; explicit and definite 有效的；合乎格式的；明晰而确定的  a formal agreement  正式协议 7  in accordance with recognized forms or rules 规范的，合乎规定的，正规的 8  of or concerned with (outward) form or appearance, esp. as distinct from content or matter 形式(上)的；外形的，外观的，表面的 9 Logic  concerned with the form and not the matter of reasoning 【逻辑学】形式的 10 Philos.  of the essence of a thing; essential not material 【哲】(事物)本质的；本质而非实体的 ●n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  an evening dress 晚礼服 2  an occasion on which evening dress is worn 穿晚礼服的场合 □ formally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin formalis (as FORM)]

formaldehyde /fɔ:ˈmældihaid/ n.  a colourless pungent gas used as a disinfectant and preservative and in the manufacture of synthetic resins (also called 亦称作 methanal) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH2O 甲醛 [FORMIC ACID + ALDEHYDE]

formalin /ˈfɔ:m(ə)lin/ n.  a colourless solution of formaldehyde in water used as a preservative for biological specimens etc. 甲醛水(溶液)，福尔马林(用作生物标本等的防腐剂)

formalism /ˈfɔ:m(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  excessive adherence to prescribed forms (过分的)拘泥形式b  the use of forms without regard to inner significance 形式主义 2 derog.  an artist's concentration on form at the expense of content [贬] (艺术家过份注重形式而有损内容的)形式主义 3  the treatment of mathematics as a manipulation of meaningless symbols (把数学看作是无意义的符号操作的)形式主义 4 Theatr.  a symbolic and stylized manner of production 【戏】象征主义和程式化创作手法 5 Physics & Math.  the mathematical description of a physical situation etc. 【物理学】【数】(物理现象等的)数学描述 □ formalist  n.  □ formalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

formality /fɔ:ˈmæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a formal or ceremonial act, requirement of etiquette, regulation, or custom (often with an implied lack of real significance) 礼节性(或仪式性)的举止；礼节，礼仪；俗套b  a thing done simply to comply with a rule 完全依照惯例做的事 2  the rigid observance of rules or convention 拘泥形式，严守礼节 3  ceremony; elaborate procedure 仪式；复杂的手续，繁文缛节 4  being formal; precision of manners 拘谨；举止刻板 5  stiffness of design (设计)拘泥形式，刻板 [French formalité or medieval Latin formalitas (as FORMAL)]

formalize /ˈfɔ:m(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  give definite shape or legal formality to 使定形；使具有明确的法律形式 2  make ceremonious, precise, or rigid; imbue with formalism 使成为正式，使合乎礼仪；使拘谨(或刻板)；使形式化 □ formalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

formant /ˈfɔ:m(ə)nt/ n.  1 Phonet.  the characteristic pitch-constituent of a vowel 【语音】元音特有的音高成分，共振峰 2 Linguistics  a morpheme occurring only in combination in a word or word-stem 【语言学】构形成分 [German, from Latin formare formant- ‘to form’]

format /ˈfɔ:mæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the shape and size of a book, periodical, etc. (书、杂志等的)版式，开本 2  the style or manner of an arrangement or procedure (排列或程序的)样式，方式 3 Computing  a defined structure for holding data etc. in a record for processing or storage 【计算】(数据等编排的)格式 ●v. tr. (formatted, formatting)  1  arrange or put into a format 为…编排版式 2 Computing  prepare (a storage medium) to receive data 【计算】为…编排格式 [French via German from Latin formatus (liber) ‘shaped (book)’, past part. of formare FORM]

formate /ˈfɔ:meit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of formic acid 【化】甲酸盐(或酯)

formation /fɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of forming; the process of being formed 形成，组成，构成 2  a thing formed 形成物，组成物 3  a structure or arrangement of parts 结构，构造；排列 4  a particular arrangement, e.g. of troops, aircraft in flight, etc. 编队，队形(如部队队形、飞行中的飞机编队等) also 亦作 attrib.: formation dancing  编队舞蹈 formation flying  编队飞行 5 Geol.  an assemblage of rocks or series of strata having some common characteristic 【地质】地层；岩组 □ formational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French formation or Latin formatio (as FORM)]

formative /ˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  serving to form or fashion; of formation 有助于形成(或塑造)的；形成的，构成的 2 Gram. (of a flexional or derivative suffix or prefix) used in forming words 【语法】(屈折或派生前、后缀)用于构词的，用于构形的 ●n. Gram.  a formative element 【语法】构形成分，构词成分 □ formatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French formatif -ive or medieval Latin formativus (as FORM)]

form class n.  a class of linguistic forms with grammatical or syntactical features in common 形式类(指具有共同语法或句法特征的一类语言形式)

form criticism n.  textual analysis of the Bible etc. by tracing the history of its content by forms (e.g. proverbs, myths) 形式考证(指通过考证《圣经》等著作中不同表现形式[如格言、神话]的源流而对该类著作进行的文本分析)

forme /fɔ:m/ n. (US [美] form) Printing 【印刷】  1  a body of type secured in a chase for printing 活字印版 2  a quantity of film arranged for making a plate etc. 胶片印版 [variant of FORM]

former1 /ˈfɔ:mə/ attrib. adj.  1  of or occurring in the past or an earlier period 以前的，从前的，早先的  in former times  从前 2  having been previously 前任的；一度的  her former husband  她的前夫 3 (prec. by 前接 the; often absol. [常含宾])  the first or first mentioned of two (opp. 反义 LATTER 1) (两者中)前面的，先提到的，前者的 [Middle English from forme ‘first’, influenced by FOREMOST]

former2 /ˈfɔ:mə/ n.  1  a person or thing that forms 起形成作用的人(或物) 2 Electr.  a frame or core for winding a coil on 【电】线圈架，绕线模 3 Aeron.  a transverse strengthening member in a wing or fuselage 【空】机翼(或机身)的横向加强构件；翼肋；机架 4 (in comb. 用于复合词) Brit.  a pupil of a specified form in a school [英] (中小学某一年级的)学生  fourth-former  四年级学生

formerly /ˈfɔ:məli/ adv.  in the past; in former times 以前，从前

Formica /fɔ:ˈmaikə/ n. propr.  a hard durable plastic laminate used for working surfaces, cupboard doors, etc. [商标]福米加(一种贴面用的硬塑料薄板) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

formic acid /ˈfɔ:mik/ n.  a colourless irritant volatile acid contained in the fluid emitted by some ants (also called 亦称作 methanoic acid) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HCOOH 蚁酸，甲酸 [Latin formica ‘ant’]

formication /fɔ:miˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a sensation as of ants crawling over the skin 像蚂蚁在皮肤上爬行的感觉，(皮肤上的)蚁走感 [Latin formicatio from formica ‘ant’]

formidable /ˈfɔ:midəb(ə)l, disp. [异议] fɔ:ˈmid-/ adj.  1  inspiring fear or dread 可怕的，令人恐惧的 2  inspiring respect or awe 令人钦佩的；令人敬畏的 3  likely to be hard to overcome, resist, or deal with 难以克服的；难以抗拒的；难以对付的 □ formidableness  n.  □ formidably  adv.   [French formidable or Latin formidabilis from formidare ‘fear’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is common but considered incorrect by some people. 尽管上面后一种读音(重音落在第二音节上)是常见的，但一些人却认为这种读音不正确。 

formless /ˈfɔ:mlis/ adj.  shapeless; without determinate or regular form 无形状的；无定形的 □ formlessly  adv.  □ formlessness  n.  

form letter n.  a standardized letter to deal with frequently occurring matters 套用信函；(内容相同可分寄多人的)通函；打印信件

formula /ˈfɔ:mjʊlə/ n. (pl. formulas or (esp. in senses 1, 2 尤用于释义 1 、 2) formulae /-li:/)  1 Chem.  a set of chemical symbols showing the constituents of a substance and their relative proportions 【化】分子式 2 Math.  a mathematical rule expressed in symbols 【数】公式 3  a  a fixed form of words, esp. one used on social or ceremonial occasions (尤指社交场合或仪式上用的)惯用语，套语b  a rule unintelligently or slavishly followed; an established or conventional usage (不假思考或盲目遵循的)规则，惯例，常规c  a form of words embodying or enabling agreement, resolution of a dispute, etc. (能达成协议、解决争端等的)方案，计划，准则 4  a  a list of ingredients; a recipe 配方；药方，处方b esp. N. Amer.  an infant's liquid food preparation, given as a substitute for breast milk [尤北美]配制好的婴儿流食(用以替代母乳)，配制成的婴儿喂养奶 5  a classification of racing car, esp. by the engine capacity (尤指根据发动机容量划分的)赛车等级；方程式 □ formulaic  /-ˈleiik/ adj.  □ formularize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ formulize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin, diminutive of forma FORM]

formulary /ˈfɔ:mjʊləri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a collection of formulas or set forms, esp. for religious use 公式汇编；套语集；(尤指用于宗教的)仪式书 2 Pharm.  a compendium of formulae used in the preparation of medicinal drugs 【药】配方书，处方集，药典 ●adj.  1  using formulae 拘泥于常规的 2  in or of formulae 定式的；公式的；规定的 [noun from French formulaire or medieval Latin formularius (liber ‘book’) from Latin (as FORMULA): the adjective from FORMULA]

formulate /ˈfɔ:mjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  express in a formula 用公式表示 2  express clearly and precisely 清楚而确切地表达 □ formulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ formulator  n.  

formulism /ˈfɔ:mjʊliz(ə)m/ n.  adherence to or dependence on conventional formulas 公式主义 □ formulistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

formwork /ˈfɔ:mwɜ:k/ n.  = SHUTTERING 1 

fornicate /ˈfɔ:nikeit/ v. intr. archaic or joc. (of people not married or not married to each other) have sexual intercourse voluntarily [古义] [诙] (指未婚或已婚但无夫妻关系的人之间)私通，通奸 □ fornication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fornicator  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin fornicari from Latin fornix -icis ‘brothel’]

forrader /ˈfɒrədə/ colloq. [口] compar.  of FORWARD 

forsake /fəˈseik/ v. tr. (past forsook /-ˈsʊk/; past part. forsaken /-ˈseik(ə)n/)  1  give up; break off from; renounce 放弃；脱离；抛弃 2  withdraw one's help, friendship, or companionship from; desert, abandon 撤回(帮助)；收回(友谊)；遗弃，舍弃 □ forsakenness  /fəˈseik(ə)nnis/ n.  □ forsaker  n.   [Old English forsacan ‘deny, renounce, refuse’, from West Germanic, from the base of FOR- + Old English sacan ‘quarrel’]

forsooth /fəˈsu:θ/ adv. archaic or joc.  truly; in truth; no doubt [古义] [诙]真的，确实，无疑地 [Old English forsōth (as FOR, SOOTH)]

forswear /fɔ:ˈswɛə, fə-/ v. tr. (past forswore /-ˈswɔ:/; past part. forsworn /-ˈswɔ:n/)  1  abjure; renounce on oath 郑重弃绝，发誓抛弃 2 (作 refl. or in passive 用被动)  swear falsely; commit perjury 发伪誓；作伪证 [Old English forswerian (as FOR-, SWEAR)]

forsythia /fɔ:ˈsaiθiə, fə-/ n.  any ornamental shrub of the genus Forsythia bearing bright yellow flowers in early spring 连翘(观赏性灌木，早春开鲜艳的黄花) [modern Latin, named after W. Forsyth, English botanist d. 1804]

fort /fɔ:t/ n.  1  a fortified building or position 要塞；堡垒，城堡；碉堡 2 hist.  a trading station, originally fortified [史义] (最初设有堡垒的)贸易站 [French fort or Italian forte from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

forte1 /ˈfɔ:tei, ˈfɔ:ti, fɔ:t/ n.  1  a person's strong point; a thing in which a person excels 优点，长处；特长 2 Fencing  the part of a sword blade from the hilt to the middle (cf. 参见 FOIBLE 2) 【击剑】自剑柄至剑身中央的部分；剑身的最强部分 [French fort ‘strong’ from Latin fortis]

forte2 /ˈfɔ:ti/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  performed loudly 用强音演奏的，强音的 ●adv.  loudly 用强音，响亮地 ●n.  a passage to be performed loudly 用强音演奏的一段乐曲 [Italian, = strong, loud]

forte piano adj. & adv. Mus.  loud and then immediately soft 【音】强即转弱的(地)

fortepiano /ˌfɔ:tipiˈænəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus. 【音】  = PIANOFORTE(esp. with reference to an instrument of the 18th to early 19th centuries 尤指 18 世纪至 19 世纪初的钢琴)  [FORTE2 + PIANO2]

forth /fɔ:θ/ adv. archaic [古义] except in set phrases and after certain verbs, esp. bring, come, go, and set (除用在固定词组中和某些动词后，尤 bring, come, go ， set 后)  1  forward; into view 向前；显露，显现 2  onwards in time 以后  from this time forth  从今以后 henceforth  从此以后 3  forwards 向前，向前方 4  out from a starting point 出外，离去  set forth  出发 □ and so forth   and so on; and the like 等，等等 [Old English from Germanic]

forthcoming /fɔ:θˈkʌmiŋ/ adj.  1  a  about or likely to appear or become available 即将出现(或得到)的；会出现(或得到)的b  approaching 正在来到的 2  produced when wanted (需要时)现成的，随要随有的  no reply was forthcoming  尚未得到答复 3 (of a person) informative, responsive (人)提供消息的；响应的 □ forthcomingness  n.  

forthright /ˈfɔ:θrait, fɔ:θˈrait/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  direct and outspoken; straightforward 坦率的，直率的，直截了当的 2  decisive, unhesitating 明确的，果断的；不犹豫的；迅速的 ●adv.  in a direct manner; bluntly 直率地，直言不讳地 □ forthrightly  adv.  □ forthrightness  n.   [Old English forthriht (as FORTH, RIGHT)]

forthwith /fɔ:θˈwiθ, -ð/ adv.  immediately; without delay 立即，马上，毫不拖延地 [earlier forthwithal (as FORTH, WITH, ALL)]

fortification /ˌfɔ:tifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of fortifying; the process of being fortified 筑城，筑垒，设防；加强 2 Mil. 【军】  a  the art or science of fortifying 筑城术；筑城学b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  defensive works fortifying a position 防御工事 [Middle English via French from Late Latin fortificatio -onis ‘act of strengthening’ (as FORTIFY)]

fortify /ˈfɔ:tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  provide or equip with defensive works so as to strengthen against attack 筑防御工事于，设防于 2  strengthen or invigorate mentally or morally; encourage (在精神或道德方面)加强；激励，鼓舞 3  strengthen the structure of 加固…的结构 4  strengthen (wine) with alcohol 给(酒)加度，增加(酒)的酒精含量 5  increase the nutritive value of (food, esp. with vitamins) 提高(食品)的营养价值(尤指通过添加维生素)，强化(食品) □ fortifiable  adj.  □ fortifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French fortifier and Late Latin fortificare from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

fortissimo /fɔ:ˈtisiməʊ/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  performed very loudly 用极强音演奏的，极强的 ●adv.  very loudly 用极强音，极强地 ●n. (pl. -os or fortissimi /-mi/)  a passage to be performed very loudly 用极强音演奏的一段乐曲 [Italian, superlative of FORTE2]

fortitude /ˈfɔ:titju:d/ n.  courage in pain or adversity (在痛苦或逆境中表现出的)勇气，刚毅，坚韧 [Middle English via French from Latin fortitudo -dinis, from fortis ‘strong’]

fortnight /ˈfɔ:tnait/ n.  1  a period of two weeks 两星期(的时间)，两周 2 (prec. by a specified day 前接具体某一天) Brit.  two weeks from (that day) [英] (从某日起)两周前(或后)  Tuesday fortnight  两周以前(或以后)的星期二 [Old English fēowertīene niht ‘fourteen nights’]

fortnightly /ˈfɔ:tnaitli/ adj., adv. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●adj.  done, produced, or occurring once a fortnight 两星期一次的，每两周一次的 ●adv.  every fortnight 每两周，隔周 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a magazine etc. issued every fortnight 双周刊

Fortran /ˈfɔ:træn/ n. (also 亦作 FORTRAN) Computing  a high-level programming language used esp. for scientific calculations 【计算】公式翻译程序语言(一种高级程序语言，尤用于科学计算) [formula translation]

fortress /ˈfɔ:tris/ n.  a military stronghold, esp. a strongly fortified town fit for a large garrison 军事堡垒，要塞(尤指防御坚固、适合大量守备部队驻扎的城镇) [Middle English from Old French forteresse, ultimately from Latin fortis ‘strong’]

fortuitous /fɔ:ˈtju:itəs/ adj.  due to or characterized by chance; accidental, casual 偶然的，巧合的，碰巧的 □ fortuitously  adv.  □ fortuitousness  n.   [Latin fortuitus from forte ‘by chance’]

fortuity /fɔ:ˈtju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a chance occurrence 偶然事件 2  accident or chance; fortuitousness 意外；偶然的机会；偶然；偶然性

fortunate /ˈfɔ:tʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  1  favoured by fortune; lucky, prosperous 幸运的，运气好的 2  auspicious, favourable 吉利的；有利的 [Middle English from Latin fortunatus (as FORTUNE)]

fortunately /ˈfɔ:tʃ(ə)nətli/ adv.  1  luckily, successfully 幸运地；一帆风顺地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence 修饰整个句子)  it is fortunate that 幸亏，幸运的是

fortune /ˈfɔ:tʃu:n, -tʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  chance or luck as a force in human affairs (在人类事件中有影响或起支配作用的)机会，运气b  a person's destiny 命运 2 (作 Fortune)  this force personified, often as a deity 命运之神 3 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the good or bad luck that befalls a person or an enterprise (降临到某人或某企业头上的)好(坏)运气，时运 4  good luck 好运；幸运 5  prosperity; a prosperous condition 繁荣；顺利，成功 6 (also colloq. [亦口] small fortune)  great wealth; a huge sum of money 巨大的财富；大笔的钱 □ make a (or one's) fortune   acquire wealth or prosperity 发财，发迹□ tell a person's fortune   make predictions about a person's future 为某人算命 [Middle English via Old French from Latin fortuna ‘luck, chance’]

Fortune 500 attrib. adj. US  designating the five hundred most profitable US industrial corporations [美] 《财富》 500 强(指美国 500 家效益最佳的企业)

fortune cookie n. N. Amer.  a small biscuit containing a prediction etc. on a slip of paper [北美]签语饼(一种小饼，内有小纸条，上写预言等)

fortune hunter n. colloq.  a person seeking wealth by marriage [口]靠结婚寻求财富的人

fortune-teller n.  a person who claims to predict future events in a person's life 算命者 □ fortunetelling  n.  

forty /ˈfɔ:ti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of four and ten 40 2  a symbol for this 表示四十的符号 (40, xl, XL) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 40 to 49, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life (世纪的)40 年代；(人)40 到 49 岁的时期 4 (作 the Forties) Brit.  the sea area between the NE coast of Scotland and the SW coast of Norway (so called from its depth of forty fathoms or more) [英]苏格兰东北岸和挪威西南岸之间的海域(因该海域水深 40 英寻或更深而得名) ●adj.  that amount to forty 四十(的) □ forty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between fortieth and fiftieth (第 40 至第 50 之间的序数词)第 41 、第 42 等□ the Forty-five   the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 英王詹姆斯二世的追随者 1745 年发动的叛乱□ forty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between forty and fifty (40 至 50 之间的基数词)41 、 42 等□ fortieth  adj. & n.  □ fortyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English fēowertig (as FOUR, -TY2)]

forty-five n.  a gramophone record played at 45 r.p.m. 每分钟 45 转的密纹唱片

forty-niner n.  a seeker for gold etc. in the Californian gold rush of 1849 1849 年加利福尼亚淘金热中的淘金者

forty winks n. pl. colloq.  a short sleep [口]短暂的睡眠，小睡，盹

forum /ˈfɔ:rəm/ n.  1  a place of or meeting for public discussion 论坛；讨论会，座谈会 2  a periodical etc. giving an opportunity for discussion 提供讨论机会的期刊等 3  a court or tribunal 法庭；(审理特定案件的)特别法庭 4 hist.  a public square or market place in an ancient Roman city used for judicial and other business [史义] (古罗马城市中)用于司法(或其他事务)的广场(或市场) [Latin, in sense 4]

forward /ˈfɔ:wəd/ adj., n., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  lying in one's line of motion 位于(某人)运动线路上的；在前面的 2  a  onward or towards the front 向前的，朝前的；前进的b Naut.  belonging to the forepart of a ship 【海】船前部的 3  precocious; bold in manner; presumptuous (人)早熟的，早慧的；鲁莽的，冒失的；放肆的，专横的 4  a Commerce  relating to future produce, delivery, etc. 【商业】期货的；预约的，预定的  forward contract  期货合同b  prospective; advanced; with a view to the future 未来的；提前的；考虑将来的  forward planning  对未来的计划 5  a  advanced; progressing towards or approaching maturity or completion 先进的；接近成熟(或完成)的b (of a plant etc.) well advanced or early (植物等)早的，早熟的，早成的 ●n.  an attacking player positioned near the front of a team in football, hockey, etc. (足球、曲棍球等的)前锋 ●adv.  1  to the front; into prominence 向前；至显助处；出来，现出  come forward  自告奋勇 move forward  朝前移动 2  in advance; ahead 预先，事先，提前地  sent them forward  把他们提前派走了 3  onward so as to make progress 向前，前进  not getting any further forward  没有取得任何进展 4  towards the future; continuously onwards 朝着将来；往后  from this time forward  从此以后 5 (also 亦作 forwards)  a  towards the front in the direction one is facing 迎面朝前地b  in the normal direction of motion or of traversal 沿正常运动方向c  with continuous forward motion 持续向前(运动)地  backwards and forwards  来回地 rushing forward  冲向前去 6 Naut. & Aeron.  in, near, or towards the bow or nose 【海】【空】在(或近、朝)船头；在(或近、朝)飞机头部 ●v. tr.  1  a  send (a letter etc.) on to a further destination 把(信件等)送转下一目的地，转递，转交b esp. Brit.  dispatch (goods etc.) [尤英]发送，递送(货物等)  forwarding agent  运输商 2  help to advance; promote 助长；促进，推进 □ forwarder  n.  □ forwardly  adv.  □ forwardness  n. (esp. in sense 3 of adj. 尤用于形容词释义 3)   [Old English forweard, variant of forthweard (as FORTH, -WARD)]

forward-looking adj.  progressive; favouring change 进步的；支持变革的

forwards var.  of FORWARD  adv. 5 FORWARD 副词释义 5 的变体

forwent past  of FORGO  

fossa /ˈfɒsə/ n. (pl. fossae /-si:/) Anat.  a shallow depression or cavity 【解】窝，凹 [Latin, = ‘ditch’, fem. past part. of fodere ‘dig’]

fosse /fɒs/ n.  1  a long narrow trench or excavation, esp. in a fortification (尤指要塞中)长而窄的壕堑，坑道 2 Anat. 【解】  = FOSSA  [Middle English via Old French from Latin fossa: see FOSSA]

fossick /ˈfɒsik/ v. intr. Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  1 (foll. by 后跟 about, around)  rummage, search 翻找，搜寻，搜求 2  search for gold etc. in abandoned workings (在废矿中)淘金(等) □ fossicker  n.   [19th c.: cf. dialect fossick ‘bustle about’]

fossil /ˈfɒs(ə)l, -sil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal, usu. petrified while embedded in rock, amber, etc. 化石 often 常作 attrib.: fossil bones  化石骨骼 fossil shells  化石贝壳 2 colloq.  an antiquated or unchanging person or thing [口]老顽固，头脑僵化的人；僵化的事物，旧事物 3  a word that has become obsolete except in set phrases or forms, e.g. hue in hue and cry 除习语中外已不再使用的(如 hue and cry 中的 hue) ●adj.  1  of or like a fossil 化石的；化石般的 2  antiquated; out of date 陈旧的，过时的；陈腐的 □ fossiliferous  /fɒsiˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ fossilize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ fossilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French fossile from Latin fossilis, from fodere foss- ‘dig’]

fossil fuel n.  a natural fuel such as coal or gas formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms 矿物燃料(如煤或天然气)，化石燃料

fossil ivory n.  ivory from the tusks of a mammoth (猛犸的)化石长牙

fossorial /fɒˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  1 (of animals) burrowing (动物)掘土的，适于掘土的 2 (of limbs etc.) used in burrowing (肢等)用于掘土的 [medieval Latin fossorius from fossor ‘digger’ (as FOSSIL)]

foster /ˈfɒstə/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  a  promote the growth or development of 促进…的成长(或发展)，助长；培养b  encourage or harbour (a feeling) 激发(或怀抱) (某种感情)；鼓励 2 (of circumstances) be favourable to (环境)对…有利 3  a  bring up (a child that is not one's own by birth) 领养(孩子)，收养b (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Brit. (of a local authority etc.) assign (a child) to be fostered [英] (地方当局等)把(孩子)送给…寄养 4  cherish; have affectionate regard for (an idea, scheme, etc.) 抱有，怀有(某一想法、计划等) ●adj.  1  having a family connection by fostering and not by birth 因收养而有家庭关系的  foster brother  义兄弟 foster child  收养的孩子 foster parent  养父，养母 2  involving or concerned with fostering a child 与收养孩子有关的；所收养孩子的  foster care  对所领养孩子的照料 foster home  寄养家庭 □ fosterage  n. (esp. in sense 3 of v. 尤用于动词释义 3)  □ fosterer  n.   [Old English fōstrian, fōster, related to FOOD]

fosterling /ˈfɒstəliŋ/ n.  a foster child; a nursling or protégé 收养的孩子；代哺的婴儿；被保护人 [Old English fōsterling (as FOSTER)]

fouetté /ˈfwetei/ n. Ballet  a quick whipping movement of the raised leg 【芭蕾舞】弗韦泰(指一腿抬起在空中急速划圈的单腿转) [French, past part. of fouetter ‘whip’]

fought past and past part.  of FIGHT 

foul /faʊl/ adj., n., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  offensive to the senses; loathsome, stinking 难闻的，令人恶心的，恶臭的 2  dirty, soiled, filthy 肮脏的，污秽的；污损的 3 colloq.  revolting, disgusting [口]令人作呕的，令人厌恶的 4  a  containing or charged with noxious matter 含有(或充满)有害物质的  foul air  污浊的空气b  clogged, choked 阻塞的，壅塞的 5  morally polluted; disgustingly abusive or offensive 道德败坏的；邪恶的；充满脏话的，下流的，粗鄙的  foul language  粗话 foul deeds  邪恶的行为 6  unfair; against the rules of a game etc. 不正当的；违反(比赛等)规则的，犯规的  by fair means or foul  不择手段地 7 (of the weather) wet, rough, stormy (天气)多雨的，恶劣的，有暴风雨的 8 (of a rope etc.) entangled (绳子等)缠结住的 9 (of a ship's bottom) overgrown with weeds, barnacles, etc. (船底)长满海藻(或藤壶等)的 ●n.  1 Sport  an unfair or invalid stroke or piece of play 【运动】不公正(或无效)的一击；不公正(或无效)的一段比赛；犯规 2  a collision or entanglement, esp. in riding, rowing, or running (尤指骑马、划船或跑步时的)碰撞或缠住 3  a foul thing 脏东西 ●adv.  unfairly; contrary to the rules 不正当地；犯规地 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become foul or dirty 弄脏，弄污；变脏 2 tr. (of an animal) make dirty with excrement (动物)用粪便弄脏 3 Sport 【运动】  a tr.  commit a foul against (a player) 对(对方运动员)犯规b intr.  commit a foul 犯规 4  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cause (an anchor, cable, etc.) to become entangled or muddled 使(锚、绳索等)缠结，弄乱b intr.  become entangled 缠结 5 tr.  jam or block (a crossing, railway line, or traffic) 阻塞(交叉路口、铁路线或交通)，堵塞 6 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq.  spoil or bungle [口]把…搞糟(或搞乱) 7 tr.  run foul of; collide with 碰撞，与…相撞 8 tr.  pollute with guilt; dishonour 玷污，败坏 □ foully  adv.  □ foulness  n.   [Old English fūl, from Germanic]

foulard /ˈfu:lɑ:, -ɑ:d/ n.  1  a thin soft material of silk or silk and cotton (用丝织成的)薄软绸；(丝绵混纺而成的)仿薄软绸 2  an article made of this 用(仿)薄软绸制成的物品 [French]

foul brood n.  a fatal disease of larval bees caused by bacteria 污仔病(蜜蜂幼虫的疫病，由病菌引起)

foul mouth n.  a person who uses foul language 说脏话的人；说话下流的人 □ foul-mouthed  adj.  

foul play n.  1  unfair play in games (比赛中的)犯规动作 2  treacherous or violent activity, esp. murder 奸诈行径；暴力行为(尤指谋杀)

foul-up n.  a muddled or bungled situation 混乱，一团糟

foumart /ˈfu:mət, -mɑ:t/ n.  a polecat 欧洲艾鼬，臭貂 [Middle English fulmert etc. (as FOUL, mart MARTEN)]

found1 past and past part.  of FIND 

found2 /faʊnd/ v.  1 tr.  a  establish (esp. with an endowment) 设立(尤指用捐款)，建立b  originate or initiate (an institution) 创办(机构)，创立，创建 2 tr.  be the original builder or begin the building of (a town etc.) 兴建(城镇等) 3 tr.  lay the base of (a building etc.) 为(建筑物等)打基础 4 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a tr.  construct or base (a story, theory, rule, etc.) according to a specified principle or ground 把(故事、理论、规则等)建立在…的基础上，基于b intr.  have a basis in 基于，被建立在 [Middle English via Old French fonder from Latin fundare, from fundus ‘bottom’]

found3 /faʊnd/ v. tr.  1  a  melt and mould (metal) 把(金属)熔化并注入模具；熔铸b  fuse (materials for glass) 熔化(制造玻璃的原料) 2  make by founding 铸造 □ founder  n.   [Middle English via Old French fondre from Latin fundere fus- ‘pour’]

foundation /faʊnˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the solid ground or base, natural or artificial, on which a building rests 支撑建筑物的(天然或人工)坚实地面(或基底)，地基，地脚b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the lowest load-bearing part of a building, usu. below ground level (通常位于地面以下的)建筑物最低处承重部分，房基，基础 2  a body or ground on which other parts are overlaid 底座 3  a basis or underlying principle; groundwork 根据；基础；基本原则  the report has no foundation  那个报告没有根据 4  a  the act or an instance of establishing or constituting (esp. an endowed institution) on a permanent basis (尤指利用捐款的机构的)建立，设立，创办b  such an institution, e.g. a monastery, college, or hospital (用捐款建立的)机构(如寺院、学院或医院) 5 (in full 全称 foundation garment)  a woman's supporting undergarment, e.g. a corset 妇女紧身胸衣 □ foundational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French fondation from Latin fundatio -onis (as FOUND2)]

foundation course n.  a preliminary basic course of study 基础课

foundation cream n.  a cream used as a base for applying cosmetics (化妆时打底用的)粉底霜

foundation stone n.  1  a stone laid with ceremony to celebrate the founding of a building (庆祝建筑物奠基典礼上放置的)基石，奠基石 2  the main ground or basis of something 基础，根基

founder1 /ˈfaʊndə/ n.  a person who founds an institution (机构的)创建者，创始者；缔造者

founder2 /ˈfaʊndə/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (of a ship) fill with water and sink (船)进水沉没b tr.  cause (a ship) to founder 使(船)沉没 2 intr. (of a plan etc.) fail (计划等)失败 3 intr. (of earth, a building, etc.) fall down or in, give way (土地、建筑物等)陷落，坍塌 4  a intr. (of a horse or its rider) fall to the ground, fall from lameness, stick fast in mud etc. (马或骑马者)摔倒，跛脚跌倒，陷入(泥淖等中)动弹不得b tr.  cause (a horse) to break down, esp. with founder 使(马)垮掉(尤指因患蹄叶炎)；使变跛 ●n.  1  inflammation of a horse's foot from overwork (马因过度劳累而患的)蹄叶炎 2  rheumatism of the chest muscles in horses (马的)胸肌风湿 [Middle English from Old French fondrer, esfondrer ‘submerge, collapse’, ultimately from Latin fundus ‘bottom’]

founding father /ˈfaʊndiŋ/ n.  a person associated with a founding, esp. an American statesman at the time of the Revolution 创建人；发起人；创始人；开国元勋(尤指美国独立战争时期的政治家)

foundling /ˈfaʊndliŋ/ n.  an abandoned infant of unknown parentage 弃婴，弃儿 [Middle English, perhaps from obsolete funding (as FIND, -ING3), assimilated to -LING1]

foundry /ˈfaʊndri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a workshop for or a business of casting metal 铸造车间；铸造厂

fount1 /faʊnt/ n. poet.  a spring or fountain; a source [诗]泉；源泉，来源 [back-formation from FOUNTAIN, suggested by MOUNT2]

fount2 Brit. var.  of FONT2 [英] FONT2 的变体

fountain /ˈfaʊntin/ n.  1  a  a jet or jets of water made to spout for ornamental purposes or for drinking (装饰用或供饮用的)人造喷泉；饮用喷泉；喷水池b  a structure provided for this 人造喷泉设施 2  a structure for the constant public supply of drinking water 为公众持续供应饮用水的设施；喷嘴式饮水器 3  a natural spring of water (天然)喷泉，泉水 4  a source (in physical or abstract senses) (表物质或抽象意义)源头，泉源；来源，根源 5  = SODA FOUNTAIN  6  a reservoir for oil, ink, etc. (油、墨水等的)贮存器 □ fountained  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French fontaine from Late Latin fontana, fem. of Latin fontanus (adj.), from fons fontis ‘a spring’]

fountainhead /ˈfaʊntinhed/ n.  an original source 源头，来源

fountain pen n.  a pen with a reservoir or cartridge holding ink 自来水笔

four /fɔ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than three, or six less than ten; the product of two units and two units 四；四个 2  a symbol for this 表示四的符号 (4, iv, IV, rarely [罕] iiii, IIII) 3  a size etc. denoted by four 4 号尺码等 4  a four-oared rowing boat or its crew 四人赛艇；四人赛艇的全体人员 5  four o'clock 4 点钟 6  a card with four pips 4 点的纸牌 7  a hit at cricket scoring four runs (板球)得 4 分的一击 ●adj.  that amount to four 四(的)；四个(的) □ on all fours   on hands and knees 匍匐着，爬着 [Old English fēower, from Germanic]

fourchette /fʊəˈʃet/ n. Anat.  a thin fold of skin at the back of the vulva 【解】阴唇系带 [French, diminutive of fourche (as FORK)]

four-eyes n. slang  a person wearing glasses [俚语]四眼(指戴眼镜的人)

four-flush n. US  a poker hand of little value, having four cards of the same suit and one of another [美] (扑克牌戏中)有四张同花和一张不同花的一手(没有多少价值的)牌

four-flusher n. US  a bluffer or humbug [美]唬人者；骗子；吹牛者

fourfold /ˈfɔ:fəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  four times as much or as many 四倍的(地)；四重的(地) 2  consisting of four parts 由四部分组成的 3  amounting to four 达到四的

four freedoms n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from fear and want (美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福所提倡的)四大自由(指言论自由、信仰自由、免于恐惧的自由和免于匮乏的自由)

four hundred n. US  the social elite of a community [美] (某一社区的)社会名流，名士

Fourier analysis /ˈfʊriə, -riei/ n. Math.  the resolution of periodic data into harmonic functions using a Fourier series 【数】傅里叶分析 [named after J. B. J. Fourier, French mathematician d. 1830]

Fourier series /ˈfʊriə, -riei/ n. Math.  an expansion of a periodic function as a series of trigonometric functions 【数】傅里叶级数

four-in-hand n.  1  a vehicle with four horses driven by one person 驷马车(一人驾御的四马马车) 2 US  a necktie worn with a knot and two hanging ends superposed [美]活结领带

four-leaf clover n. (also 亦作 four-leaved clover)  a cloverleaf with four leaflets thought to bring good luck (被认为会带来好运的)四叶苜蓿，幸运草

four-letter word n.  any of several short words referring to sexual or excretory functions, regarded as coarse or offensive 四字母词(指与性或大小便有关、被认为粗俗下流、冒犯无礼的短词，一般由 4 个字母组成)，四字母忌讳词

four o'clock n.  = MARVEL OF PERU 

fourpence /ˈfɔ:p(ə)ns/ n. Brit.  the sum of four pence, esp. before decimalization [英] (尤指在采用货币十进制之前的)4 便士

fourpenny /ˈfɔ:p(ə)ni/ adj. Brit.  costing four pence, esp. before decimalization [英]值 4 便士的(尤指在采用货币十进制之前)

fourpenny one n. Brit. colloq.  a hit or blow [英口]一击

four-poster n.  a bed with a post at each corner supporting a canopy 有 4 根帷柱的床

fourscore /fɔ:ˈskɔ:/ n. archaic  eighty [古义] 80

foursome /ˈfɔ:s(ə)m/ n.  1  a group of four persons 4 个人的一组 2 Brit.  a golf match between two pairs with partners playing the same ball [英] (高尔夫球)双打比赛

four-square adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  solidly based 基础牢固的 2  steady, resolute; forthright 坚定不移的，坚决的；果断的；直率的 3  square-shaped 方形的，四方的 ●adv.  steadily, resolutely 坚定地，坚决地

four-stroke adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1 (of an internal-combustion engine) having a cycle of four strokes (intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust) (内燃机)四冲程循环(进气、压缩、燃烧、排气)的，四冲程的 2 (of a vehicle) having a four-stroke engine (车辆)有四冲程发动机的 ●n.  a four-stroke engine or vehicle 四冲程发动机；四冲程发动机驱动的车辆

fourteen /fɔ:ˈti:n, ˈfɔ:ti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than thirteen, or four more than ten; the product of two units and seven units 14 ； 14 个 2  a symbol for this 表示十四的符号 (14, xiv, XIV) 3  a size etc. denoted by fourteen 14 号(尺码等) ●adj.  that amount to fourteen 十四(的)；十四个(的) □ fourteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English fēowertīene (as FOUR, -TEEN)]

fourth /fɔ:θ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 4 in the sequence 第四；第四个 2  something occupying this position 第四个事物 3  the fourth person etc. in a race or competition (比赛中的)第四个人等 4  each of four equal parts of a thing; a quarter 四分之一 5  the fourth (and often highest) in a sequence of gears 第四档(常为汽车的最高档) 6 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning four consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to F) 四度音程，四度和音(如 C 音至 F 音)b  a note separated from another by this interval 第四音级 ●adj.  that is the fourth 第四的；四分之一的 □ fourthly  adv.   [Old English fēortha, fēowertha, from Germanic]

fourth dimension n.  1  a postulated dimension additional to those determining area and volume 第四维(指除了确定面积和体积的长、宽、高三维以外而假定的另一维) 2  time regarded as equivalent to linear dimensions 第四维(指被认为相当于线性维数的时间)

fourth estate n. joc.  the press; journalism [诙]第四等级(指报刊、新闻界)

four-wheel drive n.  drive acting on all four wheels of a vehicle (see 见 DRIVE n. 6a) 四轮驱动

fovea /ˈfəʊviə/ n. (pl. foveae /-vii:/) Anat.  a small depression or pit, esp. the pit in the retina of the eye for focusing images 【解】凹，窝(尤指视网膜的中央凹) □ foveal  adj.  □ foveate  /-vieit/ adj.   [Latin]

fowl /faʊl/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or fowls)  1  a (in full 全称 domestic fowl)  a domestic cock or hen, a gallinaceous bird kept chiefly for its eggs and flesh 鸡b  any other domesticated bird kept for its eggs or flesh, e.g. the turkey, duck, goose, and guinea fowl 其他驯养的禽鸟(如火鸡、鸭子、鹅和珍珠鸡) 2  the flesh of birds, esp. of the domestic cock or hen, as food (食用的)禽肉(尤指鸡肉) 3 (archaic except as collect. or in comb. [古义]作集合名词或用于复合词除外)  a bird 鸟  guinea fowl  珍珠鸡 wildfowl  野禽 ●v. intr.  catch or hunt wildfowl 捕猎野禽 □ fowler  n.  □ fowling  n.   [Old English fugol, from Germanic]

fowl cholera n.  = CHICKEN CHOLERA 

fowl pest n.  an infectious virus disease of fowls 鸡瘟，家禽疫

fox /fɒks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various doglike mammals of the genus Vulpes or a related genus, with a sharp snout and bushy tail, esp. the reddish V. vulpes 狐，狐狸b  the fur of a fox 狐皮 2  a cunning or sly person 狡猾的人，诡计多端的人 3 N. Amer. slang  an attractive woman [北美] [俚语]迷人的女郎 ●v.  1  a intr.  act craftily 用狡计，耍狡猾手段b tr.  deceive, baffle, trick 欺骗，使上当；使困惑，使迷惑 2 tr. (usu. as 通常作 foxed adj.)  discolour (the leaves of a book, engraving, etc.) with brownish marks 使(书页、版画等)因生褐色斑点而变色 □ foxing  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ foxlike  adj.   [Old English from West Germanic]

foxglove /ˈfɒksɡlʌv/ n.  any tall plant of the genus Digitalis, esp. D. purpurea, with erect spikes of purple or white bell-shaped flowers 毛地黄(一种植物)

foxhole /ˈfɒkshəʊl/ n.  1 Mil.  a hole in the ground used as a shelter against enemy fire or as a firing point 【军】散兵坑(用于躲避敌方炮火或用作射击点) 2  a place of refuge or concealment 隐蔽所，藏匿处

foxhound /ˈfɒkshaʊnd/ n.  a kind of hound bred and trained to hunt foxes 猎狐狗

fox-hunt /ˈfɒkshʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hunt for a fox with hounds (携猎犬进行的)猎狐 2  a particular group of people engaged in this 携犬猎狐的一群人 ●v. intr.  engage in a fox-hunt (携猎犬)猎狐 □ fox-hunter  n.  □ fox-hunting  n. & adj.  

foxtail /ˈfɒksteil/ n.  any of several grasses of the genus Alopecurus, with brushlike spikes 狐尾草；石松

fox terrier n.  1  a terrier of a short-haired breed originally used for unearthing foxes 狐猎狗(过去用以驱狐出穴) 2  this breed 同种的猎狐小狗

foxtrot /ˈfɒkstrɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a ballroom dance with slow and quick steps 狐步舞 2  the music for this 狐步舞曲 ●v. intr. (foxtrotted, foxtrotting)  perform this dance 跳狐步舞

foxy /ˈfɒksi/ adj. (foxier, foxiest)  1  of or like a fox 狐的；似狐的 2  sly or cunning 狡猾的，诡计多端的 3  reddish brown 赤褐色的，狐色的 4 (of paper) damaged, esp. by mildew (纸张)损坏了的(尤指被霉坏) 5 N. Amer. slang (of a woman) sexually attractive [北美] [俚语] (指女人)性感迷人的 □ foxily  adv.  □ foxiness  n.  

foyer /ˈfɔiei/ n.  the entrance hall or other large area in a hotel, theatre, etc. (旅馆、剧场等的)门厅；休息室 [French, = hearth, home, ultimately from Latin focus ‘fire’]

FP abbr. [缩略]  freezing point 

fp abbr. [缩略]  forte piano 

FPA abbr. (in the UK) Family Planning Association [缩略] (英国)计划生育协会

FPS abbr.  Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain [缩略] (英国)制药学会会员

fps abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 f.p.s.)  1  feet per second 英尺每秒，英尺 / 秒，每秒钟英尺数 2  foot-pound-second 英尺－磅－秒单位制的

Fr symb. Chem.  the element francium [符]【化】(化学元素)钫

Fr. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Fr)  Father 

fr. abbr. [缩略]  franc(s) 

Fra /frɑ:/ n.  a prefixed title given to an Italian monk or friar 兄弟(用于意大利僧侣或托钵修道士姓名前的称号) [Italian, abbreviation of frate ‘brother’]

frabjous /ˈfræbdʒəs/ adj.  delightful, joyous 十分愉快的，欢乐的，高兴的 □ frabjously  adv.   [devised by Lewis Carroll, apparently to suggest fair and joyous]

fracas /ˈfrækɑ:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-kɑ:z/)  a noisy disturbance or quarrel 喧闹的争吵，吵闹；骚乱 [French from fracasser, from Italian fracassare ‘make an uproar’]

fractal /ˈfrækt(ə)l/ n. & adj. Math. 【数】  ●n.  a curve or geometrical figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as the whole (经典几何学中没有表示的)不规则碎片形 ●adj.  of or relating to a fractal 不规则碎片形的 [FRACTION + -AL]

fraction /ˈfrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a numerical quantity that is not a whole number (e.g. 1/2, 和 0.5) 分数，小数(如 1/2 和 0.5) 2  a small, esp. very small, part, piece, or amount 小部分，片段；碎片；一点儿，少许 3  a portion of a mixture separated by distillation etc. 馏分，级分 4 Polit.  any organized dissentient group, esp. a group of communists in a non-communist organization 【政】有组织的持不同政见者团体(尤指在非共产党组织中的一群共产党人) 5 Eccl.  the division of the Eucharistic bread 【教会】分切圣餐面包 □ fractionary  adj.  □ fractionize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin fractio -onis from Latin frangere fract- ‘break’]

fractional /ˈfrækʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to or being a fraction 部分的，片段的；碎片的；少许的；分数的，小数的 2  very slight; incomplete 微不足道的；不完整的 3 Chem.  relating to the separation of parts of a mixture by making use of their different physical properties 【化】分馏的，分级的  fractional crystallization  分级结晶 fractional distillation  分馏，分馏作用 □ fractionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ fractionally  adv. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)  

fractionate /ˈfrækʃəneit/ v. tr.  1  break up into parts 把…分成几部分 2  separate (a mixture) by fractional distillation etc. (用分馏法等)分解(混合物)，分馏，分级 □ fractionation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

fractious /ˈfrækʃəs/ adj.  1  irritable, peevish 易怒的，暴躁的；乖戾的 2  unruly 难驾驭的，不守规则的 □ fractiously  adv.  □ fractiousness  n.   [FRACTION in obsolete sense ‘discord, breach of the peace’, probably suggested by factious etc.]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at FACTIOUS. 见 FACTIOUS 的用法说明。 

fracto- /ˈfræktəʊ/ comb. form Meteorol. (of a cloud form) broken or fragmentary (fracto-cumulus 碎积云 ; fracto-nimbus 碎雨云) [构词成分]【气】(云形)碎的，断的 [Latin fractus ‘broken’: see FRACTION]

fracture /ˈfræktʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  breakage or breaking, esp. of a bone or cartilage (尤指硬骨或软骨的)折断，骨折；断裂，破裂b  the result of breaking; a crack or split 裂缝，裂痕 2  the surface appearance of a freshly broken rock or mineral (岩石或矿物新的)断口，断面 3 Linguistics 【语言学】  a  the substitution of a diphthong for a simple vowel owing to an influence esp. of a following consonant 元音割裂(指由于邻音(尤指后面的辅音)影响单元音分裂为双元音)b  a diphthong substituted in this way (单元音由于邻音影响而分裂成的)双元音 ●v. intr. & tr.  1 Med.  undergo or cause to undergo a fracture 【医】(使)骨折 2  break or cause to break (使)破裂，(使)断裂，(使)折断 [Middle English from French fracture or from Latin fractura (as FRACTION)]

fraenulum /ˈfri:njʊləm/ n. (also 亦作 frenulum) (pl. -la /-lə/) Anat.  a small fraenum 【解】小系带 [modern Latin, diminutive of FRAENUM]

fraenum /ˈfri:nəm/ n. (also 亦作 frenum) (pl. -na /-nə/) Anat.  a fold of mucous membrane or skin which checks the motion of the part to which it is attached, esp. one under the tongue 【解】系带(尤指舌下的系带) [Latin, = bridle]

fragile /ˈfrædʒail/ adj.  1  easily broken; weak 易碎的，易损坏的 2  of delicate frame or constitution; not strong 脆弱的；体弱的 □ fragilely  adv.  □ fragility  /frəˈdʒiliti/ n.   [French fragile or Latin fragilis from frangere ‘break’]

fragment n. & v. ●n. /ˈfræɡm(ə)nt/  1  a part broken off; a detached piece 碎块，碎片，破片 2  an isolated or incomplete part. 片断；不完整部分 3  the remains of an otherwise lost or destroyed whole, esp. the extant remains or unfinished portion of a book or work of art 未佚失(或未毁掉的)残存部分(尤指书籍、艺术品的残存部分或未完成的遗留部分) ●v. tr. & intr. /fræɡˈment/  break or separate into fragments (使)成碎片，(使)分裂 □ fragmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ fragmentize  /ˈfræɡm(ə)ntaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English from French fragment or Latin fragmentum (as FRAGILE)]

fragmentary /ˈfræɡm(ə)nt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  consisting of fragments 由碎块(或碎片)构成的；断片的 2  disconnected 残缺不全的，不连续的 3 Geol.  composed of fragments of previously existing rocks 【地质】碎屑形成的；碎屑(状)的 □ fragmentarily  adv.  

fragmentation /fræɡmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process or an instance of breaking into fragments 碎裂，破碎，分裂

fragmentation bomb n.  a bomb designed to break up into small rapidly-moving fragments when exploded 杀伤炸弹(爆炸时裂成无数小碎片的炸弹)

fragrance /ˈfreiɡr(ə)ns/ n.  1  sweetness of smell 芳香，香味，香气 2  a sweet scent 香料；香水 □ fragranced  adj.   [French fragrance or Latin fragrantia (as FRAGRANT)]

fragrancy /ˈfreiɡr(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  = FRAGRANCE 

fragrant /ˈfreiɡr(ə)nt/ adj.  sweet-smelling 有香味的，芳香的，芬芳的 □ fragrantly  adv.   [Middle English from French fragrant or Latin fragrare ‘smell sweet’]

frail /freil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fragile, delicate 易破碎的，易损坏的 2  in weak health 身体虚弱的 3  morally weak; unable to resist temptation 道德观念淡薄的；抵不住诱惑的 4  transient, insubstantial 短暂的，易逝的；脆弱的，不坚固的 ●n. US slang  a woman [美] [俚语]女人 □ frailly  adv.  □ frailness  n.   [Middle English via Old French fraile, frele from Latin fragilis FRAGILE]

frailty /ˈfreilti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of being frail 脆弱；虚弱 2  liability to err or yield to temptation 易犯错误；易受诱惑 3  a fault, weakness, or foible 过失；弱点，瑕疵 [Middle English via Old French fraileté from Latin fragilitas -tatis (as FRAGILE)]

Fraktur /ˈfræktʊə/ n.  a German style of black-letter type 德文尖角体活字 [German]

framboesia /fræmˈbi:ziə/ n. (US [美] frambesia) Med. 【医】  = YAWS  [modern Latin via French framboise ‘raspberry’ from Latin fraga ambrosia ‘ambrosial strawberry’]

frame /freim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a case or border enclosing a picture, window, door, etc. (画、窗、门等的)框架，边框 2  the basic rigid supporting structure of anything, e.g. of a building, motor vehicle, or aircraft (建筑、汽车、飞机等的)构架；车架；机架 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the structure of spectacles holding the lenses 眼镜框 4  a human or animal body, esp. with reference to its size or structure (人或动物的)身躯，躯体；体形，体格  his frame shook with laughter  他笑得浑身颤抖 5  a framed work or structure 有框架的作品(或结构)  the frame of heaven  框架内的天空画面 6  a  an established order, plan, or system 确立的秩序(或计划、体系)  the frame of society  社会体系b  construction, constitution, build 结构，构造；机构，组织 7  a temporary state (esp. in 尤用于 frame of mind 精神状态，心境，心情，情绪) 某段时间的状态 8  a single complete image or picture on a cinema film or transmitted in a series of lines by television (电影的)画面，镜头，画格；(电视图像的)帧 9  a  a triangular structure for positioning the balls in snooker etc. (台球等固定球位置用的)三角框b  the balls positioned in this way 摆成三角形的球c  a round of play in snooker etc. (台球等的)一轮游戏，一局比赛 10  a boxlike structure of glass etc. for protecting plants (用于保护植物的)箱状玻璃温室；玻璃罩 11  a removable box of slats for the building of a honeycomb in a beehive (蜂箱中建蜂窝用的)巢框 12 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = FRAME-UP  ●v. tr.  1  a  set in or provide with a frame 把…放入框内，框住；给…设框b  serve as a frame for 形成…的框架；环绕 2  construct by a combination of parts or in accordance with a design or plan (用部件)建造，构筑 3  formulate or devise the essentials of (a complex thing, idea, theory, etc.) 拟出(或设计) (复杂事物、思想及理论等)的要点；制定，拟定 4 (foll. by 后跟 to, into)  adapt or fit 使适应，使适合 5 colloq.  concoct a false charge or evidence against; devise a plot with regard to [口]诬陷，陷害；捏造 6  articulate (words) 说出(话语)，讲出；表达 □ framable  adj.  □ frameless  adj.  □ framer  n.   [Old English framian ‘be of service’ from fram ‘forward’: see FROM]

frame house n.  a house constructed of a wooden skeleton covered with boards etc. 木板房，构架房屋

frame of reference n.  1  a set of standards or principles governing behaviour, thought, etc. (支配行为、思想等的)标准，原则；参照标准，准则 2 Geom.  a system of geometrical axes for defining position 【几】参考标架，参考坐标

frame-saw n.  a saw stretched in a frame to make it rigid 框锯

frame-up n. colloq.  a conspiracy, esp. to make an innocent person appear guilty [口]阴谋(尤指对无辜者的诬陷、陷害)

framework /ˈfreimwɜ:k/ n.  1  an essential supporting structure 支撑结构，构架，框架，骨架 2  a basic system 基本体系，体制

framing /ˈfreimiŋ/ n.  a framework; a system of frames 构架，框架，骨架；构架系统

Fran /fræn/   弗朗 [人名]

franc /fræŋk/ n.  the chief monetary unit of France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and several other countries 法郎(法国和比利时旧时的、瑞士、卢森堡及其他一些国家的主要货币单位) [Middle English from Old French, from Francorum Rex ‘king of the Franks’, the legend on the earliest gold coins so called (14th c.): see FRANK]

France   法国

Frances /ˈfrɑ:nsis/   弗朗西丝 [人名]

franchise /ˈfræn(t)ʃaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the right to vote at state (esp. parliamentary) elections (国家选举，尤指国会选举的)投票权，选举权b  the principle of qualification for this 选举权资格规定 2  full membership of a corporation or state; citizenship (社团或国家的)成员资格，公民资格，公民权；市民资格，市民权 3  authorization granted to an individual or group by a company to sell its goods or services in a particular way (公司授予个人或团体以某种特殊方式销售其货物或经营其业务的)特权；特许经销权 4 hist.  legal immunity or exemption from a burden or jurisdiction [史义] (负担、司法权的)免除，豁免 5  a right or privilege granted to a person or corporation (授予某人或某公司的)权利，特权；特许 ●v. tr.  grant a franchise to 给…以特权；给予…公民权(或选举权、市民权) □ franchisee  /-ˈzi:/ n.  □ franchiser  n. (also 亦作 franchisor)   [Middle English from Old French, from franc, franche ‘free’: see FRANK]

Francis /ˈfrɑ:nsis/   弗朗西斯 [人名]

Franciscan /frænˈsisk(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a friar, sister, or lay member of an order founded in 1209 by St Francis of Assisi (see also 另见 GREY FRIAR) 方济各会修士(或修女)，灰衣修士(或修女) ●adj.  of St Francis or his order 圣方济各的；圣方济各会的 [French franciscain from modern Latin Franciscanus, from Franciscus ‘Francis’]

francium /ˈfrænsiəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element occurring naturally in uranium and thorium ores (symbol 符 Fr) 【化】(放射性元素)钫 [modern Latin from France (the discoverer's country)]

Franco- /ˈfræŋkəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 franco-)  1  French; French and (Franco-German 法德) 法国(人)的；法国(人)和… 2  regarding France or the French (Francophile 亲法分子) 有关法国(或法国人)的 [medieval Latin Francus FRANK]

francolin /ˈfræŋkəlin/ n.  any medium-sized partridge of the genus Francolinus 鹧鸪 [French from Italian francolino]

Francophile /ˈfræŋkə(ʊ)fail/ n.  a person who is fond of France or the French 亲法分子；亲近法国人者

francophone /ˈfræŋkə(ʊ)fəʊn/ n. & adj. ●n.  a French-speaking person 讲法语的人，操法语者 ●adj.  French-speaking 讲法语的，操法语的 [FRANCO- + Greek phōnē ‘voice’]

frangible /ˈfræn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj.  breakable, fragile 易碎的；脆的；脆弱的 [Old French frangible or medieval Latin frangibilis from Latin frangere ‘to break’]

frangipane /ˈfræn(d)ʒipein/ n.  1  a  an almond-flavoured cream or paste 杏仁味奶油；有杏仁味的糊(或酱)b  a flan filled with this 杏仁味奶油馅饼；杏仁味馅饼 2  = FRANGIPANI  [French, earlier = a perfume resembling jasmine (as FRANGIPANI)]

frangipani /fræn(d)ʒiˈpæni, -ˈpɑ:ni/ n. (pl. frangipanis)  1  any tree or shrub of the genus Plumeria, native to tropical America, esp. P. rubra with clusters of fragrant white, pink, or yellow flowers 鸡蛋花，鸡蛋花属植物 2  the perfume from this plant 从鸡蛋花中提炼出的香料，鸡蛋花香料 [named after M. Frangipani, 16th-c. Italian marquis, inventor of a perfume for scenting gloves]

franglais /ˈfrɒ˜ɡlei/ n.  a corrupt version of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English (使用大量借自英语的词和习语的)英语式法语，不纯正法语 [French, from français ‘French’ + anglais ‘English’]

Frank /fræŋk/ n.  1  a member of the Germanic nation or coalition that conquered Gaul in the 6th c. 法兰克人 (6 世纪征服了高卢地区的日尔曼民族或日尔曼同盟的成员) 2 (in the eastern Mediterranean region) a person of Western nationality (地中海东部地区用语)西方人，欧洲人 □ Frankish  adj.   [Old English Franca, Old High German Franko, perhaps from the name of a weapon: cf. Old English franca ‘javelin’]

frank /fræŋk/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  candid, outspoken 直率的，坦白而诚实的，直言不讳的  a frank opinion  坦率的意见 2  undisguised, avowed 不加掩饰的，公开的，公然的  frank admiration  不加掩饰的羡慕 3  ingenuous, open 坦率的；真诚的；单纯的  a frank face  真诚的面孔 4 Med.  unmistakable 【医】症状明显的 ●v. tr.  1  stamp (a letter) with an official mark (esp. other than a normal postage stamp) to record the payment of postage 给(信件)加盖官方标记(而非普通邮戳)表示邮资已付 2 hist.  superscribe (a letter etc.) with a signature ensuring conveyance without charge; send without charge [史义]为(信件等)的免费投递签字；免费邮寄 3 archaic  facilitate the coming and going of (a person) [古义]使(某人)来去便利；使通行方便 ●n.  1  a franking signature or mark 免费递送签字(或印戳) 2  a franked cover 盖有免费递送戳的封皮(或包装) □ frankable  adj.  □ franker  n.  □ frankness  n.   [Middle English via Old French franc from medieval Latin francus ‘free’, from FRANK (since only Franks had full freedom in Frankish Gaul)]

Frankenstein /ˈfræŋk(ə)nstain/ n. (in full 全称 Frankenstein's monster)  a thing that becomes terrifying to its maker; a monster 弗兰肯斯坦(使其创造者感到恐怖的东西)；魔鬼，恶魔(弗兰肯斯坦，为英国女作家玛丽·雪莱于 1818 年所著同名小说中的人物) [Baron Frankenstein, a character in and the title of a novel (1818) by Mary Shelley]

Frankfurt /ˈfræŋkfət/ n.  法兰克福 [德国城市]

frankfurter /ˈfræŋkfɜ:tə/ n.  a seasoned smoked sausage made of beef and pork 法兰克福香肠(一种用牛肉加调料熏制而成的香肠) [German Frankfurter Wurst ‘Frankfurt sausage’]

Frankie /ˈfræŋki/   弗朗基；弗兰基 [人名]

frankincense /ˈfræŋkinsens/ n.  an aromatic gum resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, used for burning as incense 乳香(一种从乳香属树木中获得的树脂，可作香烧) [Middle English from Old French franc encens ‘pure incense’]

franklin /ˈfræŋklin/ n. hist.  a landowner of free but not noble birth in the 14th and 15th c. in England [史义] (英国 14 和 15 世纪)非贵族出身的地主 [Middle English francoleyn etc. from Anglo-Latin francalanus, via francalis ‘held without dues’ from francus ‘free’: see FRANK]

frankly /ˈfræŋkli/ adv.  1  in a frank manner 坦白地；真诚地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence) to be frank (修饰整个句子)坦率地说；说实话

frantic /ˈfræntik/ adj.  1  wildly excited; frenzied 激动得发狂的；发疯的，疯狂的 2  characterized by great hurry or anxiety; desperate, violent 慌乱的，狂乱的；绝望的，不顾一切的；狂暴的 3 colloq.  extreme; very great [口]极度的；巨大的 □ frantically  adv.  □ franticly  adv.  □ franticness  n.   [Middle English frentik, frantik via Old French frenetique from Latin phreneticus: see FRENETIC]

frap /fræp/ v. tr. (frapped, frapping) Naut.  bind tightly 【海】缚紧，捆牢 [French frapper ‘bind, strike’]

frappé /ˈfræpei, 法 frape/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of wine) iced, cooled (尤指酒)冰镇的，冷冻的 ●n.  1  an iced drink 冰镇饮料 2  a soft water ice 软水(冻)冰(块) [French, past part. of frapper ‘strike, ice’ (drinks)]

frascati /fræˈskɑ:ti/ n. (pl. frascatis)  a usu. white wine produced in the Frascati region of Italy (产于意大利弗拉斯卡蒂地区的)弗拉斯卡蒂白葡萄酒

frass /fræs/ n.  1  a fine powdery refuse left by insects boring 蛀屑 2  the excrement of insect larvae 幼虫粪便 [German, from fressen ‘devour’ (as FRET1)]

fraternal /frəˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a brother or brothers 兄弟的 2  suitable to a brother; brotherly 兄弟般的；友爱的 3 (of twins) developed from separate ova and not necessarily closely similar (指双胞胎)异卵双生的，两合子的 4 N. Amer.  of or concerning a fraternity (see 见 FRATERNITY 3) [北美]男大学生联谊会的 □ fraternalism  n.  □ fraternally  adv.   [medieval Latin fraternalis from Latin fraternus, from frater ‘brother’]

fraternity /frəˈtɜ:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a religious brotherhood (宗教方面的)兄弟会，宗教团体，共济会 2  a group or company with common interests, or of the same professional class 有共同兴趣(或同一职业阶层)的群体，同仁，同好 3 N. Amer.  a male students' society in a university or college [北美] (大学或学院中的)男大学生联谊会 4  being fraternal; brotherliness 兄弟关系，手足之情；友爱；博爱 [Middle English via Old French fraternité from Latin fraternitas -tatis (as FRATERNAL)]

fraternize /ˈfrætənaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  associate; make friends; behave as intimates 与…(兄弟般地)交往；与…交友；亲善，友善 2 (of troops) enter into friendly relations with enemy troops or the inhabitants of an occupied country (指部队)与(敌军或占领区居民)友善交往，与…建立起友好关系 □ fraternization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French fraterniser & medieval Latin fraternizare from Latin fraternus: see FRATERNAL]

fratricide /ˈfrætrisaid/ n.  1  the killing of one's brother or sister 杀兄弟(或姐妹)的行为 2  a person who does this 杀兄弟(或姐妹)的人 □ fratricidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [French fratricide or Late Latin fratricidium, Latin fratricida, from frater fratris ‘brother’]

Frau /fraʊ/ n. (pl. Frauen /ˈfraʊən/) (often as a title 常用作称呼)  a married or widowed German-speaking woman 夫人，太太(指讲德语的已婚或丧夫的妇女) [German]

fraud /frɔ:d/ n.  1  criminal deception; the use of false representations to gain an unjust advantage 诈欺；诈骗 2  a dishonest artifice or trick 欺骗；诡计；骗局 3  a person or thing not fulfilling what is claimed or expected of him, her, or it 骗子；骗人的东西 [Middle English via Old French fraude from Latin fraus fraudis]

fraudster /ˈfrɔ:dstə/ n.  a person who commits fraud, esp. in business dealings 犯诈骗罪的人(尤指在商业交易中)

fraudulent /ˈfrɔ:djʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  characterized or achieved by fraud 欺骗性的，欺诈性的；骗得的 2  guilty of fraud; intending to deceive 犯诈欺罪的；企图诈骗的，骗人的 □ fraudulence  n.  □ fraudulently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French fraudulent or Latin fraudulentus (as FRAUD)]

fraught /frɔ:t/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  filled or attended with 充满的；伴随着的  fraught with danger  充满着危险 2  causing or affected by great anxiety or distress 令人忧虑(或苦恼)的；焦虑的；忧伤的 [Middle English, past part. of obsolete fraught ‘load with cargo’, from Middle Dutch vrachten from vracht FREIGHT]

Fraunhofer lines /ˈfraʊnhəʊfə/ n. pl.  the dark lines visible in solar and stellar spectra (太阳及其他恒星光谱中的)夫琅和费谱线 [named after J. von Fraunhofer, Bavarian physicist d. 1826]

fraxinella /fræksiˈnelə/ n.  an aromatic plant, Dictamnus albus (rue family), having foliage that emits an ethereal inflammable oil Also called 亦称作 DITTANY, BURNING BUSH, gas plant 白鲜(芸香属芳香植物，叶子能渗出易燃的香精油) [modern Latin, diminutive of Latin fraxinus ‘ash tree’]

fray1 /frei/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  wear through or become worn, esp. (of woven material) unweave at the edges 磨损(尤指使织物的边缘散开)，磨散；被磨损边缘 2 intr. (of nerves, temper, etc.) become strained; deteriorate (神经、脾气等)变得紧张，急躁；恶化 [French frayer from Latin fricare ‘rub’]

fray2 /frei/ n.  1  conflict, fighting 冲突；打架，打斗  eager for the fray  急欲打斗 2  a noisy quarrel or brawl 争吵，吵闹，吵架 [Middle English from fray ‘to quarrel’ from affray (v.) (as AFFRAY)]

frazil /ˈfreiz(ə)l, frəˈzil/ n. N. Amer.  ice crystals that form in a stream or on its bed [北美] (河流中或河底形成的)冰晶(体) [Canadian French frasil ‘snow floating in the water’; cf. French fraisil ‘cinders’]

frazzle /ˈfræz(ə)l/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a worn, charred, or exhausted state (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 worn, burnt, etc. to a frazzle) 磨破，磨损；烧焦；疲惫 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 frazzled adj.)  1  wear out; exhaust 磨损，磨破；把…穿破；使疲惫 2  char; shrivel up with burning 把…烧成炭，把…烧焦，把…烤枯萎 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

freak /fri:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 freak of nature)  a monstrosity; an abnormally developed individual or thing 怪物；畸形的人(或物)；不正常的人(或物) 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  an abnormal, irregular, or bizarre occurrence 反常的事件，怪异的现象  a freak storm  反常的暴风雨 3 colloq. [口]  a  an unconventional person 背离社会习俗的人b  a person with a specified enthusiasm or interest 有特殊兴趣者，狂热爱好者，迷  health freak  健康迷c  a person who undergoes hallucinations; a drug addict (see sense 2 of v. 见动词释义 2) (因吸毒等而)产生幻觉者；吸毒成瘾者 4  a  a caprice or vagary 反复无常的行为；古怪的行为；任性的举动；怪念头b  capriciousness 变化无常；任性；异想天开 ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) colloq. [口]  1 intr. & tr.  become or make very angry 大怒；使大怒，激怒 2 intr. & tr.  undergo or cause to undergo hallucinations or a strong emotional experience, esp. from use of narcotics (尤指因使用毒品而)产生幻觉(或变得极度兴奋)；使产生幻觉；使极度兴奋 3 intr.  adopt a wildly unconventional lifestyle 采取极不符合常规的生活方式 [16th c.: probably from dialect]

freakish /ˈfri:kiʃ/ adj.  1  of or like a freak 畸形的；怪物的；怪物般的 2  bizarre, unconventional 怪异的，古怪的；不合常规的，反常的 □ freakishly  adv.  □ freakishness  n.  

freak-out n. colloq.  an act of freaking out; a hallucinatory or strong emotional experience [口] (吸毒后)幻觉(或极度兴奋)的出现；幻觉中的感受；极度兴奋

freak show n.  a sideshow at a fair, featuring abnormally developed individuals (游乐场附带的)畸形人表演

freaky /ˈfri:ki/ adj. (freakier, freakiest)  = FREAKISH  □ freakily  adv.  □ freakiness  n.  

freckle /ˈfrek(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a small light brown patch on the skin, usu. caused by exposure to the sun (尤指皮肤上因日晒而生的)斑点，雀斑 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. as 通常作 freckled adj.)  mark with freckles 使生雀斑，使有斑点 2 intr.  be marked with freckles 生雀斑，有斑点 □ freckly  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse freknur (pl.)]

freckle-faced adj.  having a freckled face 脸上有雀斑的

Fred /fred/   弗雷德 [人名]

Freda /ˈfri:də/   弗雷达 [人名]

Freddie /ˈfredi/   弗雷迪 [人名]

Freddy /ˈfredi/   弗雷迪 [人名]

Frederick /ˈfredrik/   弗雷德里克 [人名]

free /fri:/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (freer /ˈfri:ə/; freest /ˈfri:ist/)  1  not in bondage to or under the control of another; having personal rights and social and political liberty 不受束缚(或控制)的；有个人权利及社会和政治自由的 2 (of a state, or its citizens or institutions) subject neither to foreign domination nor to despotic government; having national and civil liberty (国家或其公民、机关)不受外国统治(或专制政府支配)的，独立自主的，自由的；有国家和公民自由的  a free press  享有新闻自由的报界 a free society  自由社会 3  a  unrestricted, unimpeded; not restrained or fixed 不受限制的，不受阻碍的，不受约束的；不固定的b  at liberty; not confined or imprisoned 自由的；不被关押(或监禁)的c  released from ties or duties; unimpeded 免除束缚(或义务)的；不受妨碍的d  unrestrained as to action; independent 行动自由的；自主的  set free  使自由，释放 4 (foll. by 后跟 of, from)  a  not subject to; exempt from 不受…管辖的；被免除…的  free of tax  免税b  not containing or subject to a specified (usu. undesirable) thing 不含有某种东西(尤指不想要的东西)的，没有…的；不易遭受…的  free of preservatives  不含防腐剂 free from disease  没有疾病 5 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  able or permitted to take a specified action 能(或被准许)采取某种行动的；可允许的  you are free to choose  你可以自由挑选 6  unconstrained 不被约束的，自然的，随便的  free gestures  潇洒的手势 7  a  available without charge; costing nothing 可免费得到的，无偿的b  not subject to tax, duty, trade-restraint, or fees 免税的；不受贸易限制影响的；免费的 8  a  clear of engagements or obligations 空闲的，有空的  are you free tomorrow?  你明天有空吗？b  not occupied or in use 未被占用的，未被使用的  the bathroom is free now  浴室现在空着c  clear of obstructions 无障碍的，畅通的 9  spontaneous, unforced 自发的，非强迫的，自愿的  free compliments  衷心的祝贺 10  open to all comers 对所有到来者开放的 11  lavish, profuse; using or used without restraint 慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的；大量的；无限制使用的  very free with their money  花钱非常大方 12  frank, unreserved 直爽的，坦率的，无保留的 13 (of a literary style) not observing the strict laws of form (文学风格)不拘泥于形式的，随便的 14 (of a translation) conveying the broad sense; not literal (翻译)不拘泥于字面的，不逐字的；意译的 15  forward, familiar, impudent 鲁莽的，冒昧的；无礼的，放肆的 16 (of talk, stories, etc.) slightly indecent (谈话、故事等)有些粗鄙的，不检点的 17 Physics 【物理学】  a  not modified by an external force 不被外力变更的b  not bound in an atom or molecule 不被限制在原子(或分子)中的，自由的 18 Chem.  not combined 【化】游离的；自由的；单体的  free oxygen  游离氧 19 (of power or energy) disengaged or available (动力或能量)分离的；不受约束的；可得到的，可利用的 ●adv.  1  in a free manner 自由地，无约束地，无阻碍地；无义务(或负担)地 2  without cost or payment 无偿地，免费地 3 Naut.  not close-hauled 【海】顺风地 ●v. tr.  1  make free; set at liberty 使自由，解放；释放 2 (foll. by 后跟 of, from)  relieve from (something undesirable) 使摆脱(令人不快的事) 3  disengage, disentangle 使脱离，使松开；使解脱出来；清除 □ for free  colloq.  free of charge, gratis [口]免费地，无偿地□ free and easy   informal, unceremonious 无拘束的，不拘礼节的，随便的□ free on board (or rail)   without charge for delivery to a ship or railway wagon 船(或火车)上交货(价格)；离岸价格□ free up  colloq. [口]  1  make available 使可以获得，使可以利用 2  make less restricted 使少受限制□ freely  adv.  □ freeness  n.   [Old English frēo, frēon, from Germanic]

-free /fri:/ comb. form  free of or from (duty-free 免税的 ; trouble-free 无忧无虑的) [构词成分]无…的，摆脱了…的；免除…的

free agent n.  a person with freedom of action 行动自由的人

free association n. Psychol.  a method of investigating a person's unconscious by eliciting from him or her spontaneous associations with ideas proposed by the examiner 【心】自由联想

freebase /ˈfri:beis/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  cocaine that has been purified by heating with ether, and is taken by inhaling the fumes or smoking the residue 可卡因(用乙醚加热提纯、吸服其气雾或抽其残余物) ●v. tr.  purify (cocaine) for smoking or inhaling 提纯(可卡因)供抽用(或吸服)

freebie /ˈfri:bi/ n. colloq.  a thing provided free of charge [口]免费提供的东西，免费物 [arbitrary formation from FREE]

freeboard /ˈfri:bɔ:d/ n.  the part of a ship's side between the waterline and the deck 干舷(船侧水线至甲板部分)

freebooter /ˈfri:bu:tə/ n.  a pirate or lawless adventurer 海盗；无法无天的冒险家；强盗 □ freeboot  v. intr.   [Dutch vrijbuiter (as FREE, BOOTY): cf. FILIBUSTER]

freeborn /ˈfri:bɔ:n/ adj.  inheriting a citizen's rights and liberty 生来自由的

Free Church n.  a Church dissenting or seceding from an established Church 自由教会，独立教会

freedman /ˈfri:dmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an emancipated slave 自由民(指解放了的奴隶)

freedom /ˈfri:dəm/ n.  1  the condition of being free or unrestricted 自由，自主 2  personal or civic liberty; absence of slave status 个人(或公民)自由；自由(非奴隶)身份 3  the power of self-determination; independence of fate or necessity 自主权；(不受命运或必然性支配的)独立，自立 4  the state of being free to act 行动的自由 often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.: we have the freedom to leave  我们有离开的自由 5  frankness, outspokenness; undue familiarity 直爽，坦率；过分的亲密，放肆 6 (foll. by 后跟 from)  the condition of being exempt from or not subject to (a defect, burden, etc.) (缺陷、负担等的)免除，豁免，摆脱 7 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  full or honorary participation in (membership, privileges, etc.) (成员资格、特权等的)分享b  unrestricted use of (facilities etc.) 对(设施等)不受限制的使用权，随意使用(设施等)的权利 8  a privilege possessed by a city or corporation (城市或公司的)特权 9  facility or ease in action 行动自如；流畅，不费力 10  boldness of conception (观念上的)大胆，无畏 [Old English frēodōm (as FREE, -DOM)]

freedom fighter n.  a person who takes part in violent resistance to an established political system etc. (反对既定政治制度等的)自由战士

freedom of conscience n.  a system allowing all citizens freedom of choice in matters of religion, in moral issues, etc. 信仰自由(制) (一种在宗教事务、道德问题等方面给予所有公民自由选择权的制度)

freedom of religion n.  the right to follow whatever religion one chooses 宗教自由

free enterprise n.  a system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control 自由企业制(指私营企业自由竞争、很少受国家干预)

free fall n. & v. ●n. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  1  movement under the force of gravity only , esp. (尤指): (只受重力作用的)自由落体，自由下落a  the part of a parachute descent before the parachute opens (降落伞张开前的)自由运动b  the movement of a spacecraft in space without thrust from the engines (太空中宇宙飞船在没有发动机推力时的)自由运动 2  any state of falling rapidly 快速下降，急剧下跌  prices were in free fall  价格急剧下跌 ●v. intr. (作 free-fall)  move in a free fall 自由下落，自由降落

free fight n.  a general fight in which all present join (在场者均参加的)混战

Freefone /ˈfri:fəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 Freephone, free-)  a telephone service by means of which an organization pays for certain incoming calls 免费电话(由某组织为某些挂入的电话付费的电话服务)

free-for-all n.  a free fight, unrestricted discussion, etc. 在场者都参加的混战；可自由参加的讨论等

free-form attrib. adj.  of an irregular shape or structure 形状(或结构)不规则的

free hand n.  freedom to act at one's own discretion (see also 另见 FREEHAND) 按自己的决定行动的自由

freehand /ˈfri:hænd/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (of a drawing or plan etc.) done by hand without special instruments or guides (图画或图表等)不用专门仪器而徒手画出的 ●adv.  in a freehand manner 不用专门仪器地，徒手地

free-handed adj.  generous 慷慨的，大方的 □ free-handedly  adv.  □ free-handedness  n.  

freehold /ˈfri:həʊld/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  tenure of land or property in fee simple or fee tail or for life 地产的保有权(可任意处置、指定继承人或可终身保有的权利) 2 esp. Brit.  land, property, or an office held by such tenure [尤英]可终身保有的地产(或职位) ●adj.  held by or having the status of freehold (地产)终身保有的；有终身保有权的 □ freeholder  n.  

free house n. Brit.  an inn or public house not controlled by a brewery and therefore not restricted to selling particular brands of beer or liquor [英] (不受酿酒厂约束的)出售各种牌子的酒的旅店(或酒馆)

free-kick n. Football  a set kick allowed to be taken by one side without interference from the other 【足球】任意球

free labour n. esp. Brit.  the labour of workers not in a trade union [尤英]未入工会的工人的劳动

freelance /ˈfri:lɑ:ns/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 freelancer)  a person, usu. self-employed, offering services on a temporary basis, esp. to several businesses etc. for particular assignments (不受雇于人的)自由职业者 often 常作 attrib.: a freelance editor  自由编辑 2 (usu. 通常作 free lance) hist.  a medieval mercenary [史义]中世纪的雇佣兵 ●v. intr.  act as a freelance 做自由职业者 ●adv.  as a freelance 作为自由职业者 [19th c.: originally in sense 2 of n.]

free-living adj.  1  freely indulging in pleasures, esp. that of eating 纵情享受(尤指纵情吃喝)的，沉溺于吃喝玩乐的 2 Biol.  living freely and independently; not attached to a substrate 【生】独立生存的；非寄生的，非共生的 □ free-liver  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  

freeloader /ˈfri:ləʊdə/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a person who eats or drinks at others' expense; a sponger [尤北美] [俚语]吃白食的人；寄生虫，依赖他人生活的人 □ freeload  /-ˈləʊd/ v. intr.  

free love n.  sexual relations according to choice and unrestricted by marriage (无婚姻约束的)自由性爱

freeman /ˈfri:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who has the freedom of a city, company, etc. (城市、公司等的)荣誉市民，荣誉员工，享有某种特权的人 2  a person who is not a slave or serf 自由民(非奴隶或农奴)

free market n.  a market in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition 自由市场 usu. hyphenated when attrib 作定语时通常加连字符 : a free-market economy  自由市场经济

freemartin /ˈfri:mɑ:tin/ n.  a hermaphrodite or imperfect female calf of oppositely sexed twins (与公牛孪生的)无生殖机能的小母牛 [17th c.: origin unknown]

Freemason /ˈfri:meis(ə)n/ n.  a member of an international fraternity for mutual help and fellowship  the Free and Accepted Masons  共济会, with elaborate secret rituals 共济会成员

Freemasonry /ˈfri:meis(ə)nri/ n.  1  the system and institutions of the Freemasons 共济会的制度 2 (作 freemasonry)  a secret or tacit fellowship; instinctive sympathy 默契的同伴友情；本能的同情

free pardon  see 见 PARDON n. 2 

free pass n.  an authorization of free admission, travel, etc. 免费通行证；免费入场证

Freephone var.  of FREEFONE  FREEFONE 的变体

free port n.  1  a port area where goods in transit are exempt from customs duty 无税港口 2  a port open to all traders 自由港

Freepost /ˈfri:pəʊst/ n. esp. Brit.  a postal service whereby postage is paid by the addressee [尤英]免费邮递(由收件人付邮资的邮政服务)

freer compar.  of FREE  

free radical n.  an uncharged atom or group of atoms with one or more unpaired electrons 自由基，游离基

free-range adj.  1 (of hens etc.) kept in natural conditions with freedom of movement (母鸡等)自由放养的 2 (of eggs) produced by such birds (指蛋)由自由放养的母鸡等产的

free school n. usu. hist. [通常史义]  1  a school for which no fees are charged 免费学校 2  a school run on the basis of freedom from restriction for the pupils 自由学校(对学生不加限制的学校)

free sheet n.  a free newspaper (以广告收入支付开支的)免费报纸，赠阅报纸

freesia /ˈfri:ziə/ n.  any bulbous plant of the genus Freesia, native to Africa, having fragrant coloured flowers 小苍兰(一种生于非洲的植物，花有香味) [modern Latin named after F. H. T. Freese, German physician d. 1876]

free speech n.  the right to express opinions freely 言论自由

free spirit n.  an independent or uninhibited person 独立(或不受约束)的人

free-spoken adj.  speaking candidly; not concealing one's opinions 直言的；不隐瞒自己见解的

freest superl.  of FREE  

free-standing adj.  not supported by another structure 不受另一结构支撑的，独立(式)的

freestone /ˈfri:stəʊn/ n.  1  any fine-grained stone which can be cut easily, esp. sandstone or limestone 软性石，易切石(尤指沙石或石灰石) 2  a stone fruit, esp. a peach, in which the stone is loose when the fruit is ripe (cf. 参见 CLINGSTONE) (成熟后核与肉容易分离的)离核果实(尤指桃子)

freestyle /ˈfri:stail/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a race or contest) in which all styles are allowed (指比赛)不限制姿式的，自由式的 , esp. (尤指):  1 Swimming  in which any style of stroke may be used 【游泳】不限姿式的，自由式的 2 Wrestling  with few restrictions on the holds permitted 【摔跤】自由式的 ●n.  freestyle swimming or wrestling 自由泳；自由式摔跤 □ freestyler  n.  

freethinker /fri:ˈθiŋkə/ n.  a person who rejects dogma or authority, esp. in religious belief (尤指宗教信仰方面的)自由思想家；思想自由的人 □ freethinking  n. & adj.  

free throw n.  1  an unimpeded throw awarded to a player following a foul etc. (对方犯规等后)判给球员的任意投球；罚球 2 Basketball  such a throw allowing a shot at the basket, taken from behind a marked line 【篮球】罚球

free trade n.  international trade left to its natural course without restriction on imports or exports 自由贸易

free verse n.  = VERS LIBRE 

free vote n.  a parliamentary vote not subject to party discipline 自由投票(指议员可不受政党纪律约束的议会投票)

freeway /ˈfri:wei/ n. esp. US [尤美]  1  an express highway, esp. with controlled access 高速公路，高速干道 2  a toll-free highway 免费高速公路，免费高速干道

free wheel n.  the driving wheel of a bicycle, able to revolve with the pedals at rest (自行车的)飞轮

freewheel /fri:ˈwi:l/ v. intr.  1  ride a bicycle with the pedals at rest, esp. downhill 溜车(尤指下坡时不踩脚蹬让自行车靠惯性滑行) 2  move or act without constraint or effort 无约束(或不费力)地活动(或行动)

free will n.  1  the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate 自由意志 2  the ability to act at one's own discretion 自愿，自由抉择  I did it of my own free will  那是我自愿做的

free world n. esp. US hist.  non-Communist countries [尤美史义]自由世界(非共产党国家的自称)

freeze /fri:z/ v. & n. ●v. (past froze /frəʊz/; past part. frozen /ˈfrəʊz(ə)n/)  1 tr. & intr.  a  turn or be turned into ice or another solid by cold (使)结冰；(使)凝固b (often foll. by 常后跟 over, up)  make or become rigid or solid as a result of the cold (因寒冷而)变僵硬(或冻结)；使僵硬(或冻结) 2 intr.  be or feel very cold 冰冷；感到极冷 3 tr. & intr.  cover or become covered with ice 以冰覆盖；被冰封住 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, together)  adhere or be fastened by frost 冻牢，凝住，冻住  the curtains froze to the window  窗帘冻在窗子上了 5 tr.  preserve (food) by refrigeration below freezing point 冷藏(食物) 6 tr. & intr.  a  make or become motionless or powerless through fear, surprise, etc. (因恐惧、吃惊等而) (使)吓呆；(使)惊呆b  react or cause to react with sudden aloofness or detachment (使)变得冷淡；用冷淡的态度对待；使寒心(或沮丧) 7 tr.  stiffen or harden, injure or kill, by chilling 冻僵，冻硬；冻伤；冻死  frozen to death  冻死 8 tr.  make (credits, assets, etc.) temporarily or permanently unrealizable 冻结(存款、资产等) 9 tr.  fix or stabilize (prices, wages, etc.) at a certain level 固定(或稳定) (物价、工资等)，冻结(物价、工资等) 10 tr.  arrest (an action) at a certain stage of development 阻止(某行动)继续进行，使停顿 11 tr.  = FREEZE-FRAMEv.  ●n.  1  a state of frost; a period or the coming of frost or very cold weather 冻结(状态)，结冰(状态)；凝固(状态)；冰冻期，严寒期 2  the fixing or stabilization of prices, wages, etc. (物价、工资等的)固定(或稳定、冻结) 3  = FREEZE-FRAMEn.  □ freeze on to  colloq.  take or keep tight hold of [口]紧紧抓住□ freeze out  esp. US colloq.  exclude from business, society, etc. by competition or boycott etc. [尤美口] (用竞争、抵制等)把…(从工商企业、团体等中)逼走，逐出□ freeze up   obstruct or be obstructed by the formation of ice (因结冰而) (被)阻塞；(被)阻断；(被)挡住□ freezable  adj.  □ frozenly  adv.   [Old English frēosan, from Germanic]

freeze-dry v. tr. (-dries, -dried)  freeze and dry by the sublimation of ice in a high vacuum 使冷冻干燥；使升华干燥

freeze-frame n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  the facility of stopping a film or videotape in order to view a motionless image (电影、录像的)定格，定帧 ●v. tr.  use freeze-frame on (an image, a recording, etc.) 在(电影、录像等中)使用定格

freezer /ˈfri:zə/ n.  a refrigerated cabinet or room for preserving food at very low temperatures; = DEEP-FREEZE n. 冰柜；冷藏室，冷库

freeze-up n.  a period or conditions of extreme cold 冰冻期，严寒期；极度寒冷的状态

freezing /ˈfri:ziŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 freezing cold) colloq.  very cold [口]极冷的

freezing-mixture n.  salt and snow or some other mixture used to freeze liquids 冷冻混合物(用于冻结液体的盐和雪或其他混合物)，冷凝剂，冷冻剂

freezing point n.  the temperature at which a liquid, esp. water, freezes (尤指水的)冰点；凝固点

freezing works n. pl. Austral. & NZ  a place where animals are slaughtered and carcasses frozen for export [澳新] (屠宰牲畜并冷冻供出口的)冷冻加工厂

freight /freit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the transport of goods in containers or by water or air or US by land 货物的集装箱运输；货物的水上(或空中、[美]陆上)运输；货运 2  goods transported; cargo (货运)货物；(船、飞机、车辆装载的)货物 3  a charge for transportation of goods (货运)运费 4  the hire of a ship, aircraft, etc., for transporting goods 货船(或货运飞机等)的租用 5  a load or burden 负担，重担 ●v. tr.  1  transport (goods) as freight 以货运运输(货物) 2  load with freight 装货于 3  hire or let out (a ship) for the carriage of goods and passengers (为货运和客运)租用(或出租) (船只) [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German vrecht, variant of vracht: cf. FRAUGHT]

freightage /ˈfreitidʒ/ n.  1  a  the transportation of freight 货运b  the cost of this (货运)运费 2  freight transported (货运)货物

freight car n.  a railway wagon for carrying freight 一节铁路货车

freighter /ˈfreitə/ n.  1  a ship or aircraft designed to carry freight 货船；运输机 2  a person who loads, or charters and loads, a ship (船的)装货人；租船装货的人 3  a person whose business is to receive and forward freight 承运人 4 US hist.  a person who transported freight across the plains by wagon [美史义]用运货马车跨越西部平原运输货物的人

Freightliner /ˈfreitlainə/ n. Brit. propr.  a train carrying goods in containers [英] [商标]集装箱列车；货柜列车

freight ton  see 见 TON1 4b 

French /fren(t)ʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to France or its people or language 法国的；法国人的；法语的 2  having the characteristics attributed to the French people 法国人特有的；法国式的 ●n.  1  the language of France, also used in Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and elsewhere 法语(亦用于比利时、瑞士、加拿大及其他地区) 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of France 法国人 3 colloq.  bad language [口]骂人的话，诅咒  excuse my French  原谅我说的骂人的话 4 colloq.  dry vermouth [口] (不带甜味的)法国苦艾酒，法国味美思酒  gin and French  杜松子酒和法国苦艾酒混合饮料 □ Frenchness  n.   [Old English frencisc, from Germanic]

French bean n. Brit. [英]  1  a bean plant, Phaseolus vulgaris, having many varieties cultivated for their pods and seeds 菜豆；四季豆；云豆 2  a  the pod used as food (供食用的)菜豆等的豆荚b  the seed used as food Cf. 参见 HARICOT, KIDNEY BEAN, STRING BEAN (供食用的)菜豆等的种子

French bread n.  white bread in a long crisp loaf 法国面包(一种脆皮的细长白面包)

French Canadian n. & adj. ●n.  a Canadian whose principal language is French 以法语为主要语言的加拿大人 ●adj. (作 French-Canadian)  of or relating to French-speaking Canadians 讲法语的加拿大人的

French chalk n.  a kind of steatite used for marking cloth and removing grease and as a dry lubricant (用以去油脂、在布帛上划线或作干润滑剂的)滑石，滑石粉

French cricket n.  an informal type of cricket without stumps and played with a soft ball 法国式板球(一种没有三门柱、用软球玩的非正式板球游戏)

French cuff n.  a cuff designed to be folded back before fastening 法国式袖口，双袖口，翻边袖口

French curve n.  a template used for drawing curved lines 曲线板，曲线规

French door n.  = FRENCH WINDOW 

French dressing n.  1 esp. Brit.  a salad dressing of vinegar and oil, usu. seasoned; vinaigrette [尤英] (用通常加调味品醋和油制成的)法式色拉调料 2 US  a salad dressing made with mayonnaise and ketchup [美]用蛋黄酱和番茄酱制成的色拉调料

French fried potatoes n. pl. (N. Amer. [北美] French fries)  potato chips 法式炸薯条

French horn n.  a coiled brass wind instrument with a wide bell 法国号(一种涡旋形铜管乐器，喇叭口开得很大)

Frenchify /ˈfren(t)ʃifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 Frenchified adj.)  make French in form, character, or manners 使(在形式、性格或举止方面)法国化

French kiss n.  a kiss with one partner's tongue inserted in the other's mouth (将舌头伸入对方嘴中的)法式接吻

French knickers n. pl.  wide-legged knickers 法式女灯笼裤

French leave n.  absence without permission 不辞而别；擅自缺席

French letter n. Brit. colloq.  a condom [英口]避孕套

French loaf n.  a loaf of French bread (一个)法国面包

Frenchman /ˈfren(t)ʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is French by birth or descent 法国人

French mustard n. Brit.  a mild mustard mixed with vinegar [英]法式芥末(用醋调成的淡味芥末)

French polish n. & v. ●n.  shellac polish for wood (法国)罩光漆 ●v. tr.  polish with this 给…上罩光漆

French roof n.  a mansard 法式屋顶，复折式屋顶

French seam n.  a seam with the raw edges enclosed 法式线缝，来去线缝

French toast n.  1 Brit.  bread buttered on one side and toasted on the other [英] (一面涂黄油另一面烘烤的)法式吐司 2  bread dipped in egg and milk and fried (蘸鸡蛋牛奶后炸制的)法式吐司

French vermouth n. Brit.  dry vermouth [英] (不带甜味的)法国苦艾酒；法国味美思酒

French window n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a glazed door in an outside wall, serving as a window and door (兼作门和窗的)落地长窗

Frenchwoman /ˈfren(t)ʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is French by birth or descent 法国女人

frenetic /frəˈnetik/ adj.  1  frantic, frenzied 发狂似的，狂乱的；疯狂的；极度激动的 2  fanatic 狂热的，入迷的 □ frenetically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French frenetique and Latin phreneticus from Greek phrenitikos, via phrenitis ‘delirium’ from phrēn phrenos ‘mind’]

frenulum var.  of FRAENULUM  FRAENULUM 的变体

frenum var.  of FRAENUM  FRAENUM 的变体

frenzy /ˈfrenzi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  mental derangement; wild excitement or agitation 狂乱；疯狂；极度的激动 2  delirious fury 狂怒 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 frenzied adj.)  drive to frenzy; infuriate 使狂乱；使发狂；使狂怒 □ frenziedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French frenesie and medieval Latin phrenesia from Latin phrenesis, from Greek phrēn ‘mind’]

freon /ˈfri:ɒn/ n. propr.  any of a group of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine, chlorine, and sometimes bromine, used in aerosols, refrigerants, etc. (see also 另见 CFC) [商标]氟利昂(用作致冷剂及推进剂)

frequency /ˈfri:kw(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  commonness of occurrence 频繁；屡次 2  a  the state of being frequent; frequent occurrence 频繁状态；时常发生(的事情)b  the process of being repeated at short intervals 频繁重复的过程 3 Physics  the rate of recurrence of a vibration, oscillation, cycle, etc.; the number of repetitions in a given time, esp. per second (abbr. 缩略 : f) 【物理学】频率；周率 4 Statistics  the ratio of the number of actual to possible occurrences of an event 【统计学】频数，频率，次数 [Latin frequentia (as FREQUENT)]

frequency band n. Electronics 【电子学】  = BAND1n. 4a 

frequency distribution n. Statistics  a measurement of the frequency of occurrence of the values of a variable 【统计学】频数分布，次数分布

frequency modulation n. Electronics  the modulation of a radio wave etc. by variation of its frequency, esp. to carry an audio signal (abbr. 缩略 : FM) 【电子学】频率调制，调频

frequency response n. Electronics  the dependence on signal frequency of the output-input ratio of an amplifier etc. 【电子学】频率响应；频率特征

frequent adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈfri:kw(ə)nt/  1  occurring often or in close succession 时常发生的，频繁发生的 2  habitual, constant 惯常的，经常的  a frequent caller  常客 3  found near together; numerous, abundant 靠得很近的；许多，大量的 4 (of the pulse) rapid (脉搏)快的，急的 ●v. tr. /friˈkwent/  attend or go to habitually 常参加，常到，常去 □ frequentation  /fri:kwenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ frequenter  /friˈkwentə/ n.  □ frequently  /ˈfri:kw(ə)ntli/ adv.   [French fréquent or Latin frequens -entis ‘crowded’]

frequentative /friˈkwentətiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj.  expressing frequent repetition or intensity of action 表示反复动作的；反复的 ●n.  a verb or verbal form or conjugation expressing this (e.g. 如 chatter 叽叽喳喳 , twinkle 闪烁) 反复动词；表反复的动词形式；表反复的动词词形变化 [French fréquentatif -ive or Latin frequentativus (as FREQUENT)]

fresco /ˈfreskəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a painting done in watercolour on a wall or ceiling while the plaster is still wet 湿壁画(墙壁或天花板灰泥未干时用水彩在上面绘制的壁画) 2  this method of painting (esp. 尤用于 in fresco 用湿壁画技法) 湿壁画技法 □ frescoed  adj.   [Italian, = cool, fresh]

fresco secco n.  = SECCO 

fresh /freʃ/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  newly made or obtained 新做的，新制的；新得到的  fresh sandwiches  新做的三明治 2  a  other, different; not previously known or used 另外的；不同的；以前未知(或未用过)的  start a fresh page  开始新的一页 we need fresh ideas  我们需要新颖的想法b  additional 外加的；进一步的  fresh supplies  外加的供应品 3 (foll. by 后跟 from)  lately arrived from (a specified place or situation) 刚从(某地或某场所)来的，新到的 4  not stale or musty or faded 新鲜的；未发霉的；未凋谢的  fresh flowers  鲜花 fresh memories  犹新的记忆 5 (of food) not preserved by salting, tinning, freezing, etc. (食物)非经腌制的；非罐装的；非冷藏的 6  not salty 淡的  fresh water  淡水 7  a  pure, untainted, refreshing, invigorating 纯净的；清洁的；清新的；使精神振奋  fresh air  清新的空气b  bright and pure in colour (色彩)鲜艳的，鲜明的；气色好的  a fresh complexion  好脸色 8 (of the wind) brisk; of fair strength (风)凉爽的；强劲的 9  alert, vigorous, fit 生机勃勃的；精力充沛的；强健的  never felt fresher  感到精神十分饱满 10 colloq. [口]  a  cheeky, presumptuous 冒失的，无礼的，莽撞的b  amorously impudent (对异性)放肆的 11  young and inexperienced 年轻而无经验的，不老练的 ●adv.  newly, recently (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : fresh-baked 新烤的，刚出炉的 ; fresh-cut 才割的) 刚，才 ●n. esp. literary  the fresh part of the day, year, etc. [尤文学用语] (一天、一年等的)开始  in the fresh of the morning  在清晨 □ freshly  adv.  □ freshness  n.   [Middle English from Old French freis fresche, ultimately from Germanic]

freshen /ˈfreʃ(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become fresh or fresher 使(更)新鲜，使(更)艳丽；变得(更)新鲜，变得(更)艳丽 2 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  a  wash, change one's clothes, etc. 梳洗打扮b  revive, refresh, renew (使)恢复精力，(使)精神焕发，(使)精神饱满

fresher /ˈfreʃə/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = FRESHMAN 

freshet /ˈfreʃit/ n.  1  a rush of fresh water flowing into the sea (流入大海的)淡水水流 2  the flood of a river from heavy rain or melted snow (大雨或融雪引起的)河水泛滥 [probably from Old French freschete, from frais FRESH]

fresh-faced adj.  having a clear and young-looking complexion 脸上充满青春活力的

freshman /ˈfreʃmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. woman, pl. -women)  a first-year student at university or N. Amer. at high school 大学一年级学生；[北美]中学一年级学生

freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔ:tə/ adj.  1  of or found in fresh water; not of the sea 淡水的；生活在淡水的；非海洋的 2 US (esp. of a school or college) rustic or provincial [美] (尤指中小学或学院)乡下的；地方的

freshwater flea n.  = DAPHNIA 

fresnel /freiˈnel/ n. (also 亦作 F-) (in full 全称 fresnel lens) Photog.  a flat lens made of a number of concentric rings, to reduce spherical aberration 【摄】菲涅耳透镜 [named after A.J. Fresnel, French physicist d. 1827]

fret1 /fret/ v. & n. ●v. (fretted, fretting)  1 intr.  a  be greatly and visibly worried or distressed 发愁；担忧；苦恼b  be irritated or resentful 烦躁；不满 2 tr.  a  cause anxiety or distress to 使发愁；使担忧，使焦虑；使苦恼b  irritate, annoy 使烦躁；使不满 3 tr.  wear or consume by gnawing or rubbing 咬损；磨损；侵蚀；腐蚀 4 tr.  form (a channel or passage) by wearing away 经侵蚀而形成(沟槽或通道) 5 intr. (of running water) flow or rise in little waves (流水)泛着微波流淌；起波纹 ●n. esp. Brit.  irritation, vexation, querulousness (esp. 尤用于 in a fret 焦虑不安) [尤英]烦躁；苦恼；不满 [Old English fretan from Germanic, related to EAT]

fret2 /fret/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an ornamental pattern made of continuous combinations of straight lines joined usu. at right angles 回纹饰 2 Heraldry  a device of narrow bands and a diamond interlaced 【纹章学】数根窄条与一个菱形交织而成的纹章图案 ●v. tr. (fretted, fretting)  1  embellish or decorate with a fret 用回纹装饰 2  adorn (esp. a ceiling) with carved or embossed work 用雕刻(或细工浮雕)装饰(尤指天花板) [Middle English from Old French frete ‘trellis-work’ and freter (v.)]

fret3 /fret/ n.  each of a sequence of bars or ridges on the fingerboard of some stringed musical instruments (esp. the guitar) fixing the positions of the fingers to produce the desired notes (吉他等弦乐器指板上定音的)品 □ fretless  adj.  □ fretted  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

fretboard /ˈfretbɔ:d/ n.  a fretted fingerboard 装品的弦乐器指板

fretful /ˈfretfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  visibly anxious, distressed, or irritated 焦急的；苦恼的；烦躁的 □ fretfully  adv.  □ fretfulness  n.  

fretsaw /ˈfretsɔ:/ n.  a saw consisting of a narrow blade stretched on a frame, for cutting thin wood in patterns 线锯，钢丝锯，镂化锯

fretwork /ˈfretwɜ:k/ n.  ornamental work in wood, done with a fretsaw 回纹细工，万字细工

Freudian /ˈfrɔidiən/ adj. & n. Psychol. 【心】  ●adj.  of or relating to the Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud (d. 1939) or his methods of psychoanalysis, esp. with reference to the importance of sexuality in human behaviour (奥地利心理学家)弗洛伊德的；弗洛伊德精神分析法的 ●n.  a follower of Freud or his methods 弗洛伊德的追随者；弗洛伊德精神分析法的信奉者 □ Freudianism  n.  

Freudian slip n.  an unintentional error regarded as revealing subconscious feelings (被认为泄露下意识情感的)非故意错误，无心的失误

Fri. abbr. [缩略]  Friday 

friable /ˈfraiəb(ə)l/ adj.  easily crumbled 脆的，易碎的 □ friability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ friableness  n.   [French friable or Latin friabilis from friare ‘crumble’]

friar /ˈfraiə/ n.  a member of any of certain religious orders of men, esp. the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans) (天主教)托钵修会修士 □ friarly  adj.   [Middle English & Old French frere from Latin frater fratris ‘brother’]

friar's balsam n. (also 亦作 friars' balsam)  a tincture of benzoin etc. used esp. as an inhalant 复方安息香酊(尤用作吸入药)

friary /ˈfraiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a convent of friars 男修道院

fricandeau /ˈfrikændəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. fricandeaux /-dəʊz/)  1  a slice of meat, esp. veal, cut from the leg 肉片(尤指从腿部切下的小牛肉片) 2  a dish made from this, usu. fried or stewed and served with a sauce (通常炸或炖之后加调味汁做成的)炸小牛肉，炖小牛肉 ●v. tr. (fricandeaus, fricandeaued, fricandeauing)  make into fricandeaux 把…烹制成原汁煨(或煮)小牛肉片(或其他肉片) [French]

fricassee /ˈfrikəsi:, frikəˈsi:/ n. & v. ●n.  a dish of stewed or fried pieces of meat served in a thick white sauce 原汁煨(或煮)肉块 ●v. tr. (fricassees, fricasseed)  make a fricassee of 把…烹制成原汁煨(或煮)肉块 [French fricassée, fem. past part. of fricasser ‘cut up and cook in sauce’]

fricative /ˈfrikətiv/ adj. & n. Phonet. 【语音】  ●adj.  made by the friction of breath in a narrow opening 由摩擦产生的 ●n.  a consonant made in this way, e.g. f and th 摩擦(辅)音(如 f 和 th) [modern Latin fricativus from Latin fricare ‘rub’]

friction /ˈfrikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the action of one object rubbing against another 摩擦 2  the resistance an object encounters in moving over another 摩擦力 3  a clash of wills, temperaments, or opinions; mutual animosity arising from disagreement 不和，冲突，抵触 4 (in comb. 用于复合词)  of devices that transmit motion by frictional contact 与通过摩擦接触传递动力的装置有关的  friction clutch  摩擦离合器 friction disc  摩擦圆盘，摩擦片 □ frictional  adj.  □ frictionless  adj.   [French from Latin frictio -onis, from fricare frict- ‘rub’]

Friday /ˈfraidei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the sixth day of the week, following Thursday 星期五 ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Friday 在星期五 2 (Fridays)  on Fridays; each Friday 在每个星期五，每逢星期五 [Old English frīgedœg from Germanic (named after Frigg, wife of Odin)]

fridge /fridʒ/ n. (also 亦作 frig) colloq. [口]  = REFRIGERATOR  [abbreviation]

fridge-freezer n. esp. Brit.  an upright unit comprising a refrigerator and a freezer, each self-contained [尤英] (冷藏室和冷冻室分开的)立式冰箱

friend /frend/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person with whom one enjoys mutual affection and regard (usu. exclusive of sexual or family bonds) 朋友，友人，好友 2  a sympathizer, helper, or patron 同情者；帮助者；赞助者；支持者  no friend to virtue  根本不支持美德 a friend of order  维护秩序的人 3  a person who is not an enemy or who is on the same side 同伙，自己人；同盟者  friend or foe?  自己人还是敌人？ 4  a  a person already mentioned or under discussion 已提到(或正在谈论)的人  my friend at the next table then left the room  我那位在邻桌的朋友接着离开了房间b  a person known by sight 只是面熟但并不熟识的人c  used as a polite or ironic form of address (用作表示礼貌或挖苦的称呼语)朋友 5  a regular contributor of money or other assistance to an institution (对机构的)定期资助者 6 (作 Friend)  a member of the Society of Friends, a Quaker (基督教)公谊会教徒，贵格会教徒 7 (in pl. 用复数) archaic  one's near relatives, those responsible for one [古义]近亲，家属 8  a helpful thing or quality 有帮助的事物(或品质) ●v. tr. archaic or poet.  befriend, help [古义] [诗]与…为友；帮助 □ be (or keep) friends with   be friendly with 与…友好□ friend at court   a friend whose influence may be made use of 有势力的朋友，靠山□ my honourable friend  Brit.  used in the House of Commons to refer to another member of one's own party [英]我尊敬的朋友(下议院中对与自己属于同一政党的成员的称呼)□ my learned friend   used by a lawyer in court to refer to another lawyer 我博学的同行(法庭上一律师对另一律师的称呼)□ my noble friend  Brit.  used in the House of Lords to refer to another member of one's own party [英]我尊贵的朋友(上议院中对与自己属于同一政党的成员的称呼)□ friended  adj.  □ friendless  adj.   [Old English frēond, from Germanic]

friendly /ˈfren(d)li/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (friendlier, friendliest)  1  acting as or like a friend, well disposed, kindly 朋友(般)的，友好的，和蔼的 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  on amicable terms 和睦的，融洽的b  not hostile 非敌对的 3  characteristic of friends, showing or prompted by kindness 友谊的；亲切的；由善意引起的 4  favourably disposed, ready to approve or help 赞成的，赞同的，支持的；愿意帮忙的 5  a (of a thing) serviceable, convenient, opportune (某物)合用的，有用的；便利的；适时的b  = USER-FRIENDLY  6 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  not harming; helping 无害的；有帮助的，有益的  ozone-friendly  对臭氧无危害的 reader-friendly  对读者有帮助的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = FRIENDLY MATCH  ●adv.  in a friendly manner 友好地，朋友般地 □ friendlily  adv.  □ friendliness  n.  

friendly action adj. Brit. Law  an action brought merely to get a point decided [英]【法律】目的仅在于解决疑点的友好诉讼

friendly fire n. Mil.  gunfire coming from one's own side, esp. as the cause of accidental injury to one's own forces 【军】己方误射(指己方部队之间的意外致伤)

friendly match n. Brit. Sport.  a match not played in competition for a cup etc. [英]【运动】友谊赛

Friendly Society n. Brit.  a mutual association providing sickness benefits, life assurance, and pensions [英]互助会，互济会(提供疾病津贴、人寿保险和养老金的互助组织)

friendship /ˈfren(d)ʃip/ n.  1  being friends, the relationship between friends 友情，友谊，友爱 2  a friendly disposition felt or shown 友好；友谊的表现 [Old English frēondscipe (as FRIEND, -SHIP)]

frier var.  of FRYER  FRYER 的变体

Friesian /ˈfri:zj(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  a large animal of a usu. black and white breed of dairy cattle originally from Friesland 弗里斯兰黑白花牛，荷兰牛(一种奶牛，体大，原产于荷兰的弗里斯兰省) 2  this breed Also called 亦称作 HOLSTEIN 弗里斯兰乳牛种 ●adj.  of or concerning Friesians 弗里斯兰黑白花牛的；(乳牛)弗里斯兰种的 [variant of FRISIAN]

frieze1 /fri:z/ n.  1 Archit. 【建】  a  the part of an entablature between the architrave and the cornice 古典柱式顶部的一部分(顶柱的过梁与挑檐之间的部分)b  a horizontal band of sculpture filling this (顶柱过梁与挑檐之间的)水平雕带 2  a band of decoration elsewhere, esp. along a wall near the ceiling 其他地方的饰带(尤指墙壁靠近天花板部分的带状装饰)；壁缘 [French frise via medieval Latin frisium, frigium from Latin Phrygium (opus) ‘(work) of Phrygia’]

frieze2 /fri:z/ n.  coarse woollen cloth with a nap, usu. on one side only 起绒粗呢 [Middle English via French frise from medieval Latin, = Frisian wool]

frig1 /friɡ/ v. & n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●v. tr. & intr. (frigged, frigging)  1  = FUCKv.  2  masturbate 手淫 ●n.  = FUCKn. 1a, 2  [earlier senses ‘move about, rub’: perhaps imitative]

frig2 var.  of FRIDGE  FRIDGE 的变体

frigate /ˈfriɡət/ n.  1  a Brit.  a naval escort vessel between a corvette and a destroyer in size [英] (大小介于轻型护卫舰和驱逐舰之间的)护卫舰，护航舰b US  a similar ship between a destroyer and a cruiser in size [美] (大小介于驱逐舰和巡洋舰之间的)驱逐领舰，大型驱逐舰 2 hist.  a warship next in size to ships of the line [史义] (大小仅次于战列舰的)战舰，护航舰 [French frégate from Italian fregata, of unknown origin]

frigate bird n.  any seabird of the family Fregatidae, found in tropical seas, with a wide wingspan and deeply forked tail Also called 亦称作 man-of-war bird 军舰鸟(一种热带海鸟)

fright /frait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  sudden or extreme fear 惊吓；恐怖b  an instance of this 惊吓  gave me a fright  吓了我一跳 2  a person or thing looking grotesque or ridiculous 样子丑陋(或可笑)的人(或物) ●v. tr. poet.  frighten [诗]使惊恐，吓唬 □ take fright   become frightened 受惊吓 [Old English fryhto, metathetic form of fyrhto, from Germanic]

frighten /ˈfrait(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  fill with fright; terrify 使惊惧，使害怕；吓唬  was frightened at the bang  被突然的巨响吓了一跳 is frightened of dogs  害怕狗 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off, out of, into)  drive or force by fright 吓走；吓得去做  frightened it out of the room  吓得它逃出了房间 frightened them into submission  吓得他们屈服了 frightened me into agreeing  吓得我表示了同意 3 intr.  become frightened 受惊吓，惊恐，害怕  he doesn't frighten easily  他不容易受惊吓 □ frightening  adj.  □ frighteningly  adv.  

frightener /ˈfrait(ə)nə/ n.  a person or thing that frightens 可怕的人(或物)，令人害怕的人(或物) □ put the frighteners on  Brit. slang  intimidate [英] [俚语]恫吓，恐吓，威胁

frightful /ˈfraitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  dreadful, shocking, revolting 可怕的，骇人的；令人震惊的；令人厌恶的b  ugly, hideous 丑的，丑恶的 2 colloq.  extremely bad [口]极坏的，极糟的  a frightful idea  极糟的主意 3 colloq.  very great, extreme [口]极大的；极端的，极度的 □ frightfully  adv.  

frightfulness /ˈfraitfʊlnis, -f(ə)l-/ n.  1  being frightful 可怕，恐怖；丑恶；讨厌 2  the terrorizing of a civilian population as a military resource 战争中对敌方平民使用恐怖手段的政策(或行动) [sense 2: translation of German Schrecklichkeit]

frigid /ˈfridʒid/ adj.  1  a  lacking friendliness or enthusiasm; apathetic, formal, forced 冷淡的，漠然的，缺乏热情的；拘谨的，不自然的b  dull, flat, insipid 呆板的，呆滞的；索然无味的；无生气的c  chilling, depressing 使人寒心的，令人沮丧的 2 (of a woman) sexually unresponsive (妇女)性感缺失的，性寒的，性欲冷淡的 3 (esp. of climate or air) cold (尤指气候或空气)寒冷的，凛冽的 □ frigidity  /-ˈdʒiditi/ n.  □ frigidly  adv.  □ frigidness  n.   [Latin frigidus, via frigēre ‘be cold’ from frigus (n.) ‘cold’]

frigid zone n.  each of two parts of the earth north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle (地球北极圈以北和南极圈以南的)寒带

frijoles /friˈhəʊles/ n. pl.  beans 豆(尤指在墨西哥和美国西南部常吃的一种菜豆) [Spanish, pl. of frijol ‘bean’, ultimately from Latin phaseolus]

frill /fril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a strip of material with one side gathered or pleated and the other left loose with a fluted appearance, used as an ornamental edging 褶边，饰边，荷叶边b  a similar paper ornament on a ham-knuckle, chop, etc. (套在火腿骨节、排骨等菜肴上的)纸卷饰c  a natural fringe of feathers, hair, etc., on an animal (esp. a bird) or a plant (动物(尤指鸟)或植物的)卷羽，缘缨，毛缘 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  unnecessary embellishments or accomplishments 不必要的装饰，虚饰b  airs, affectation 装模作样，装腔作势  put on frills  摆架子，装腔作势 ●v. tr.  1  decorate with a frill 在…上加褶边(或饰边)，以荷叶边装饰 2  form into a frill 使成褶边(或饰边) □ frilled  adj.  □ frillery  n.   [16th c.: from or related to Flemish frul]

frilling /ˈfriliŋ/ n.  1  a set of frills 褶裥；一组饰边(或荷叶边) 2  material for frills 饰边(或褶裥)材料

frill lizard n. (also 亦作 frilled lizard or frill-necked lizard)  a large N. Australian lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, with an erectile membrane round the neck 澳洲热带蜥蜴；摺鳃蜥(产于澳大利亚北部的一种大型蜥蜴，有一直立褶皱领环绕颈部)

frilly /ˈfrili/ adj. & n. ●adj. (frillier, frilliest)  1  having a frill or frills 有褶边(或饰边)的；多褶边(或饰边)的 2  resembling a frill 似褶边(或饰边)的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  women's underwear [口]妇女(有裙边的)内衣 □ frilliness  n.  

fringe /frin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an ornamental bordering of threads left loose or formed into tassels or twists 穗，流苏，缘饰b  such a bordering made separately (分别制作的)装饰性穗边(或流苏)c  any border or edging 边缘；界限 2  a esp. Brit.  a portion of the front hair hanging over the forehead [尤英] (头发的)刘海b  a natural border of hair etc. in an animal or plant (动物或植物的)伞，缘缨，毛缘 3  a  an outer edge, margin, or limit 外缘，外边，外围b (作 attrib.)  marginal; taking place on the periphery 边缘的，外缘的；在边缘(或外围)发生的  fringe group  边缘群体c (作 attrib.)  unconventional 非常规的，不从惯例(或习俗)的  fringe theatre  实验剧院d (usu. 通常作 the Fringe)  a secondary festival on the peripherary of a mainstream event (在主流事件外围进行的)次要庆祝活动(或纪念活动) 4  a thing, part, or area of secondary or minor importance 次要事物(或部分、地区) 5  a  a band of contrasting brightness or darkness produced by diffraction or interference of light (物理)干扰条纹；散乱边纹b  a strip of false colour in an optical image (光学影像中的)伪色条纹 6 US  a fringe benefit [美]补贴 ●v. tr.  1  adorn or encircle with a fringe 以穗装饰，加缘饰于 2  serve as a fringe to 作…的边缘 □ fringeless  adj.  □ fringy  adj.   [Middle English & Old French frenge, ultimately from Late Latin fimbria (earlier only in pl.) ‘fibres, fringe’]

fringe benefit n.  an employee's benefit supplementing a money wage or salary (工资之外的)补贴，津贴；附加福利

fringe medicine n.  systems of treatment of disease etc. not regarded as orthodox by the medical profession 非常规医疗法(被医学界认为非正统的疾病等治疗方法)

fringing /ˈfrin(d)ʒiŋ/ n.  material for a fringe or fringes 缘饰(或穗饰、流苏)材料

fringing reef n.  a coral reef that fringes the shore 裙礁，裾礁，岸礁，边礁

frippery /ˈfrip(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  showy, tawdry, or unnecessary finery or ornament, esp. in dress (尤指衣服上)花哨(或俗丽、无必要)的装饰(品) 2  empty display in speech, literary style, etc. (谈吐、文体等)空洞的炫耀 3  a  knick-knacks, trifles 小摆设，小玩意儿；琐碎物品，无价值的东西b  a knick-knack or trifle 一件小摆设(或琐碎物品) ●adj.  1  frivolous 琐屑的；轻浮的 2  contemptible 可轻视的；可蔑视(或鄙视)的 [French friperie from Old French freperie, from frepe ‘rag’]

frippet /ˈfripit/ n. Brit. slang  a frivolous or showy young woman [英] [俚语]举止轻浮(或花枝招展)的年轻女子 [20th c.: origin unknown]

frisbee /ˈfrizbi/ n. propr.  a concave plastic disc designed for skimming through the air as an outdoor game [商标] (投掷游戏中的)飞碟 [perhaps named after the Frisbie bakery(Bridgeport, Conn.), whose pie-tins could be used similarly]

Frisian /ˈfriziən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Friesland (an area comprising parts of the NW Netherlands and NW Germany) 弗里斯兰人 2  the language of Friesland 弗里斯兰语 ●adj.  of or relating to Friesland, its people, or language 弗里斯兰的；弗里斯兰人的；弗里斯兰语的 [Latin Frisii (pl.) from Old Frisian Frīsa, Frēsa]

frisk /frisk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  leap or skip playfully 欢跃，轻快地蹦跳 2 tr.  feel over or search (a person) for a weapon etc. (usu. rapidly) (通常快速地)搜摸(某人)以寻找武器等 ●n.  1  a playful leap or skip 欢跃，欢快的跳蹦 2  the frisking of a person (对某人的)搜身；搜查 □ frisker  n.   [obsolete frisk (adj.) from Old French frisque ‘lively’, of unknown origin]

frisket /ˈfriskit/ n. Printing  a thin iron frame keeping the sheet in position during printing on a hand-press 【印刷】夹纸框(手动印刷机印刷时固定纸张位置用的薄铁框) [French frisquette via Provençal frisqueto from Spanish frasqueta]

frisky /ˈfriski/ adj. (friskier, friskiest)  lively, playful 活泼的，欢快的；爱闹着玩的 □ friskily  adv.  □ friskiness  n.  

frisson /ˈfri:sɔ˜, ˈfrisɒn/ n.  an emotional thrill (感情上的)震颤，战栗 [French, = shiver]

frisée /ˈfri:zei/ n.  = ENDIVE 1  [French, from chicorée frisée ‘curly endive’]

frit1 /frit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a calcined mixture of sand and fluxes as material for glass-making 玻璃料 2  a vitreous composition from which soft porcelain, enamel, etc., are made 软质瓷用料；釉料 ●v. tr. (fritted, fritting)  make into frit, partially fuse, calcine 把…制成玻璃料(或软质瓷用料、釉料) [Italian fritta, fem. past part. of friggere FRY1]

frit2 /frit/ adj. dial. & colloq.  frightened [方] [口]害怕的，恐惧的；受惊的

frit-fly /ˈfritflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  a small black fly, Oscinella frit, the larvae of which are destructive to cereals 麦杆蝇(一种黑色小蝇，其幼虫危害谷类植物) [Latin frit ‘particle on an ear of corn’ + FLY2]

frith var.  of FIRTH  FIRTH 的变体

fritillary /friˈtil(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any plant of the genus Fritillaria (lily family), esp. snake's head, having pendent bell-like flowers 贝母(尤指百龟头花) 2  any of various butterflies, esp. of the genus Argynnis, having red-brown wings chequered with black 豹纹蝶，豹蛱蝶 [modern Latin fritillaria from Latin fritillus ‘dice-box’]

frittata /friˈtɑ:tə/ n.  an Italian dish made with fried beaten eggs, resembling a Spanish omelette 意大利煎蛋饼(用打成糊状的鸡蛋煎制而成，类似西班牙煎蛋卷) [Italian]

fritter1 /ˈfritə/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away)  waste (money, time, energy, etc.) triflingly, indiscriminately, or on divided aims (零碎地、不加选择地或漫无目的地)浪费(金钱、时间、精力等)；用于 2 archaic  subdivide [古义]再分，细分 [earlier fritter(s) ‘fragments’, perhaps related to Middle High German vetze ‘rag’]

fritter2 /ˈfritə/ n.  a piece of fruit, meat, etc., coated in batter and deep-fried 油炸馅饼(水果、肉等切片覆上面糊后炸制而成)  apple fritter  油炸苹果馅饼 [Middle English from Old French friture, ultimately from Latin frigere frict- FRY1]

fritto misto /fritəʊ ˈmistəʊ, 意 fritto ˈmisto/ n.  a dish of various foods, usu. seafood, deep-fried in batter (意大利)油炸杂拌(各种食物 [通常为海味]浸蘸面糊后炸制而成)，什锦铁排 [Italian, = mixed fry]

fritz /frits/ n.   □ on the fritz  N. Amer. slang  out of order, unsatisfactory [北美] [俚语]出故障的，出毛病的；不令人满意的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

frivol /ˈfriv(ə)l/ v. (frivolled, frivolling; US [美] frivoled, frivoling)  1 intr.  be a trifler; trifle 做无聊事；混日子 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  spend (money or time) foolishly 愚蠢地花费(金钱或时间；) 乱花 [back-formation from FRIVOLOUS]

frivolous /ˈfriv(ə)ləs/ adj.  1  paltry, trifling, trumpery 琐屑的；无意义的；无用的 2  lacking seriousness; given to trifling; silly 轻薄的，轻浮的；无聊的；愚蠢的 □ frivolity  /-ˈvɒliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ frivolously  adv.  □ frivolousness  n.   [Latin frivolus ‘silly, trifling’]

frizz /friz/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  form (hair) into a mass of small curls 使(头发)卷曲b intr. (of hair) form itself into small curls (头发)卷曲，卷成小卷儿 2 tr.  dress (wash-leather etc.) with pumice or a scraping-knife (用浮石或刮刀)修整(软皮等) ●n.  1  a  frizzed hair 卷曲的头发b  a row of curls 一排发卷 2  a frizzed state 拳曲，卷曲 [Middle English from French friser, perhaps from the stem of frire FRY1]

frizzle1 /ˈfriz(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr.  1  fry, toast, or grill, with a sputtering noise 吱吱地炸(或煎、烤) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  burn or shrivel 烧焦，炸焦；烤缩；烤变形 [FRY1, with imitative ending + -LE4]

frizzle2 /ˈfriz(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  form (hair) into tight curls 使(头发)卷曲 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of hair etc.) curl tightly (头发等)卷曲，拳曲 ●n.  frizzled hair 卷发，拳发 [FRIZZ]

frizzly /ˈfrizli/ adj.  in tight curls 卷结的，卷曲的

frizzy /ˈfrizi/ adj. (frizzier, frizziest)  in a mass of small curls 满是小卷儿的；卷曲的 □ frizziness  n.  

Frl. abbr. [缩略]  Frɑ¨ulein 

fro /frəʊ/ adv.  back (now only in 现仅用于 to and fro: see 见 TO) 回，向后 [Middle English from Old Norse frɑˊ FROM]

frock /frɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a woman's or girl's dress [尤英]女式礼服；连衣裙 2  a  a monk's or priest's long gown with loose sleeves 僧袍；教士服b  priestly office 教士的职位 3  a smock (工作时保护衣服的)罩衫，工作服 4  a  a frock coat (19 世纪男子穿的双排纽扣、长及膝部的)礼服大衣b  a military coat of similar shape (类似式样的)长军大衣 5  a sailor's woollen jersey (水手穿的)羊毛套衫 ●v. tr.  invest with priestly office (cf. 参见 DEFROCK) 授予…圣职 [Middle English via Old French froc from Frankish]

frock coat n.  a man's long-skirted coat not cut away in front 男礼服大衣

froe /frəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 frow) US  a cleaving tool with a handle at right angles to the blade [美]楔刀，劈板斧(柄与斧背成直角的劈削工具) [abbreviation of frower from FROWARD ‘turned away’]

Froebel system /ˈfrəʊb(ə)l, ˈfrɜ:b(ə)l/ n.  a system of education of children by means of kindergartens 福禄培尔(幼儿)教育法(利用幼儿园对儿童进行学前教育的方法) □ Froebelian  /-ˈbi:liən/ adj.  □ Froebelism  n.   [named after F. W. A. Fröbel, German teacher d. 1852]

frog1 /frɒɡ/ n.  1  any of various small tailless amphibians of the order Anura, having a moist smooth skin and legs developed for jumping 蛙，蛙类动物；青蛙 2 (Frog) slang offens.  a French person [俚语] [冒犯]法国佬 3  a hollow in the top face of a brick for holding the mortar 砖面凹槽 4  the nut of a violin bow etc. (小提琴弓等的)弓根，马尾箱 □ frog in the (or one's) throat  colloq.  an irritation or apparent impediment in the throat; hoarseness [口]咽喉发炎(或有异物)；嗓音嘶哑 [Old English frogga, from Germanic]

frog2 /frɒɡ/ n.  an elastic horny substance in the sole of a horse's foot 蹄楔(马蹄底部弹性角质物) [17th c.: origin uncertain (perhaps a use of FROG1)]

frog3 /frɒɡ/ n.  1  an ornamental coat-fastening of a spindle-shaped button and loop 盘花饰扣 2  an attachment to a waist-belt to support a sword, bayonet, etc. (腰带上挂剑、刺刀等的)搭环 □ frogged  adj.  □ frogging  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

frog4 /frɒɡ/ n.  a grooved piece of iron at a place in a railway where tracks cross 辙叉，岔心，岔道 [19th c.: origin unknown]

frogbit /ˈfrɒɡbit/ n.  a floating plant of the monocotyledonous family Hydrocharitaceae, found in stagnant water 水鳖，马尿花(一种生长在死水中的漂浮草本植物) [FROG1]

frogfish /ˈfrɒɡfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  an angler fish, esp. of the family Antennariidae 躄鱼；鲛鱇

froggy /ˈfrɒɡi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a frog or frogs 蛙的；似蛙的 2  abounding in frogs 多蛙的 3 slang offens.  French [俚语] [冒犯]法国的 ●n. (作 Froggy) (pl. -ies) slang offens.  a French person [俚语] [冒犯]法国佬

froghopper /ˈfrɒɡhɒpə/ n.  any jumping plant-sucking bug of the family Cercopidae, whose larvae produce a protective mass of froth (see 见 CUCKOO SPIT) 沫蝉，吹泡虫

frogman /ˈfrɒɡmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person equipped with a rubber suit, flippers, and an oxygen supply for underwater swimming (配备橡皮衣、脚蹼及供氧装置在水下游泳的)蛙人

frogmarch /ˈfrɒɡmɑ:tʃ/ v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. tr.  1  hustle (a person) forward holding and pinning the arms from behind 蛙式押送(将某人双臂反拧强行推走) 2  carry (a person) in a frogmarch 蛙式抬运(某人) (由 4 人执某人四肢，将其面朝下抬着走) ●n.  the carrying of a person face downwards by four others each holding a limb 蛙式抬运

frogmouth /ˈfrɒɡmaʊθ/ n.  any of various birds of Australia and SE Asia of the family Podargidae, having large wide mouths 蟆口鸮(一种产于澳大利亚和东南亚的鸟，嘴宽大)

frogspawn /ˈfrɒɡspɔ:n/ n.  the eggs of a frog, usu. surrounded by transparent jelly 蛙卵

froideur /frwɒˈdɜ:, 法 frwadœr/ n.  coolness or reserve (between people) (人们之间的)冷淡；拘谨，矜持 [French]

frolic /ˈfrɒlik/ v., n. & adj. ●v. intr. (frolicked, frolicking)  play about cheerfully, gambol 嬉戏，玩闹 ●n.  1  cheerful play 嬉戏，嬉闹 2  a prank 胡闹，恶作剧；开玩笑 3  a merry party 欢乐的聚会 4  an outburst of gaiety 一阵快乐 5  merriment 欢乐，欢笑，愉快 ●adj. archaic [古义]  1  full of pranks, sportive 充满恶作剧的；开玩笑的；嬉戏的，欢闹的 2  joyous, mirthful 欢乐的，高兴的 □ frolicker  n.   [Dutch vrolijk (adj.), from vro ‘glad’ + -lijk -LY1]

frolicsome /ˈfrɒliks(ə)m/ adj.  merry, playful 欢乐的；嬉戏的；爱闹着玩的 □ frolicsomely  adv.  □ frolicsomeness  n.  

from /frɒm, frəm/ prep. expressing separation or origin, followed by 表示分离(或起源)，后跟 :  1  a person, place, time, etc., that is the starting point of motion or action, or of extent in place or time 作为运动、行为起点(或作为地方、时间延伸起点)的人、地、时等  rain comes from the clouds  雨从云中来 repeated from mouth to mouth  口头相传 dinner is served from 8  8 点钟开始供餐 from start to finish  从头至尾，自始至终 2  a place, object, etc. whose distance or remoteness is reckoned or stated 其距离被算出(或被说明)的地点(物体等)  ten miles from Rome  离罗马 10 英里 I am far from admitting it  我完全不承认这一点 absent from home  不在家 apart from its moral aspect  除其道德方面外 3  a  a source 来源  dig gravel from a pit  从坑中挖沙 a man from Italy  来自意大利的男子 draw a conclusion from data  由数据得出结论 quotations from Shaw  引自肖的文句b  a giver or sender 给予者(或发送者)  presents from Father Christmas  圣诞老人送的礼物 have not heard from her  还未收到她的来信 4  a  a thing or person avoided, escaped, lost, etc. 被避开(或被躲过、被失去等)的人(或物)  released him from prison  把他从监狱中放了出来 cannot refrain from laughing  忍不住笑了起来 dissuaded from folly  被劝阻没做傻事b  a person or thing deprived 被剥夺的人(或物)  took his gun from him  拿走他的枪 5  a reason, cause, or motive 原因，起因(或动机)  died from fatigue  劳累致死 suffering from mumps  患流行性腮腺炎 did it from jealousy  出于嫉妒而为之 from his looks you might not believe it  从他的相貌上看，你也许不会相信此事 6  a thing distinguished or unlike 区分出的事；不相同的事  know black from white  分得清黑白 7  a lower limit 下限  saw from 10 to 20 boats  看见 10 到 20 只小船 tickets from £ 5  从 5 英镑起价的票 8  a state changed for another 一种状态变为另一种状态  from being the victim he became the attacker  他从受害者变为攻击者 raised the penalty from a fine to imprisonment  把惩罚从罚款升级为监禁 9  an adverb or preposition of time or place 时间副词(或介词)；地点副词(或介词)  from long ago  从很久以前 from abroad  从国外 from under the bed  从床下 10  the position of a person who observes or considers 观察(或思考)的方位，角度，位置  saw it from the roof  从屋顶上看到了它 from his point of view  以他的观点来看 11  a model 模型；原型  painted it from nature  以大自然为素材作的画 □ from a child   since childhood 自童年开始□ from day to day (or hour to hour etc.)   daily (or hourly etc.); as the days (or hours etc.) pass 每日，日复一日；过一天算一天地(每小时一次地)□ from home   out, away 出门，离开□ from now on   henceforward 从现在开始，从今以后□ from time to time   occasionally 不时地，时时□ from year to year   each year; as the years pass 每年，年复一年 [Old English fram, from, from Germanic]

fromage blanc /frɒmɑ:ʒ ˈblɒ˜/ n.  a type of soft French cheese made from cow's milk and having a creamy sour taste 法国白奶酪(一种用牛奶制成的软奶酪，有奶油酸味) [French, literally ‘white cheese’]

fromage frais /frɒmɑ:ʒ ˈfrei/ n.  a type of smooth soft fresh cheese, with the consistency of thick yogurt 法国鲜奶酪(一种调匀的新鲜软奶酪，稠度如同稠酸奶) [French, literally ‘fresh cheese’]

frond /frɒnd/ n.  1 Bot. 【植】  a  a large usu. divided foliage leaf in various flowerless plants, esp. ferns and palms (尤指蕨类、棕榈类的)叶b  the leaflike thallus of some algae (某些藻类的)藻体，叶状体 2 Zool.  a leaflike expansion 【动】叶状扩张 □ frondage  n.  □ frondose  adj.   [Latin frons frondis ‘leaf’]

frondeur /frɒnˈdɜ:/ n.  a political rebel 政治上的反叛者 [French, = slinger, applied to a party (the Fronde) rebelling during the minority of Louis XIV of France]

front /frʌnt/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the side or part normally nearer or towards the spectator or the direction of motion (近于或面朝观者的或运动方向的)前面，前部；正面  the front of the car  汽车的前部 the front of the chair  椅子的正面 the front of the mouth  口腔前部 2  any face of a building, esp. that of the main entrance 建筑物的任一面，(尤指)主要入口处的一面；正面 3 Mil. 【军】  a  the foremost line or part of an army etc. (部队等的)前列；先头部队b  line of battle 战线c  the part of the ground towards a real or imaginary enemy 前线，前方，前沿d  a scene of actual fighting 战场  go to the front  上战场打仗e  the direction in which a formed line faces 横队面对的方向  change front  掉转方向 4  a  a sector of activity regarded as resembling a military front (类似军事战线或战场的)活动领域；战线，前线；战场b  an organized political group 有组织的政治团体 5  a  demeanour, bearing 行为，举止；风度  show a bold front  表现出大胆的样子b  outward appearance 外表 6  a forward or conspicuous position 靠前的位置；显眼的位置  come to the front  变得引人注目；出人头地 7  a  a bluff 虚张声势，吓唬b  a pretext 托词，借口 8  a person etc. serving to cover subversive or illegal activities 为颠覆(或非法)活动作掩护的人等 9 (prec. by 前接 the) esp. Brit.  the promenade of a seaside resort [尤英]海滨胜地的人行道 10 Meteorol.  the forward edge of an advancing mass of cold or warm air 【气】(冷或热气团的)锋 11 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  the auditorium of a theatre [英]剧院的观众席 12  a  a face 脸，面部；面容b poet. or literary  a forehead [诗] [文学用语]前额 13  a  the breast of a person's clothes 衣服的胸前部分b  a false shirt-front 衬衫的假前胸，硬衬胸 14  impudence 厚颜无耻；放肆，无礼 ●attrib. adj.  1  of the front 前面的，前部的；正面的；最前面的 2  situated in front 位置在前的 3 Phonet.  formed at the front of the mouth 【语音】舌前的 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, to, towards, upon)  have the front facing or directed 朝向，面对，直对 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) colloq.  act as a front or cover for [口]为…做掩护 3 tr.  furnish with a front 用…作正面；装饰…的正面  fronted with stone  正面以石头砌成 4 tr.  lead (a band, organization, etc.) 领导(乐队、组织等) 5 tr.  a  stand opposite to, front towards 面向，朝向b  have its front on the side of (a street etc.) 使正面朝向(街道等) 6 tr. archaic  confront, meet, oppose [古义]与…对抗，反对，反抗 7 tr. Broadcasting  act as presenter or host of (a programme) 【广播】主持(节目) □ in front   1  in an advanced position 在前面 2  facing the spectator 在面前，面向(观者)□ in front of   1  ahead of, in advance of 在…前面 2  in the presence of, confronting 在…面前，当着…的面□ on the front burner   see 见 BURNER □ frontless  adj.  □ frontward  adj. & adv.  □ frontwards  adv.   [Middle English via Old French front (n.), fronter (v.) from Latin frons frontis]

frontage /ˈfrʌntidʒ/ n.  1  the front of a building (建筑物的)正面，前面 2  a  land abutting on a street or on water 临街(或河)的土地b  the land between the front of a building and the road 建筑物正面和道路之间的空地 3  extent of front 临街地界  a shop with little frontage  临街铺面狭小的商店 4  a  the way a thing faces 面对方向b  outlook 观点，看法；展望；眼界 □ frontager  n.  

frontage road n. N. Amer.  a service road [北美]沿街道路(沿临街房屋同高速公路平行的辅助道路)

frontal1 /ˈfrʌnt(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of, at, or on the front (在)前面的；(在)正面的  a frontal attack  正面进攻b  of the front as seen by an onlooker (旁观者看到的)正面的，从正面的  a frontal view  正面所见 2  of the forehead or front part of the skull 前额的，额部的  frontal bone  额骨 □ frontally  adv.   [modern Latin frontalis (as FRONT)]

frontal2 /ˈfrʌnt(ə)l/ n.  1 Eccl.  a covering for the front of an altar 【教会】(祭坛前面的)帷帘 2  the façade of a building (建筑物的)正面 [Middle English via Old French frontel from Latin frontale (as FRONT)]

frontal lobe n.  each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behaviour, learning, and voluntary movement 额叶

front bench n. Brit.  the foremost seats in the House of Commons, occupied by leading members of the government and opposition [英] (下议院中政府及反对党领导人坐的)前座 □ frontbencher  /frʌntˈbentʃə/ n.  

front door n.  1  the chief entrance of a building (建筑物的)主要入口，正门，前门 2  a chief means of approach or access to a place, situation, etc. (到达某地、某位置等的)主要途径，正面途径

frontier /ˈfrʌntiə, frʌnˈtiə/ n.  1  a  the border between two countries 国界，边界b  the district on each side of this 边疆，边陲，国境，边境 2  the limits of attainment or knowledge in a subject (某学科的)成就(或知识)边缘，新领域，前沿 3 (in the US) the borders between settled and unsettled country (美国) (已开发地区和未开发地区之间的)边缘地带；边远地区 □ frontierless  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French frounter, Old French frontiere, ultimately from Latin frons frontis FRONT]

frontiersman /ˈfrʌntiəzmən, -ˈtiəzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. frontierswoman, pl. -women)  a person living in the region of a frontier, esp. between settled and unsettled country (尤指已开发地区和未开发地区之间的)边远地区居民，边疆居民；拓荒者

frontispiece /ˈfrʌntispi:s/ n.  1  an illustration facing the title-page of a book or of one of its divisions (书籍或其章节的)卷首插图，扉画 2 Archit. 【建】  a  the principal face of a building (房屋的)主立面b  a decorated entrance (有装饰的)入口c  a pediment over a door etc. (门等上部的)三角顶饰 [French frontispice or Late Latin frontispicium ‘façade’, from Latin frons frontis FRONT + -spicium from specere ‘look’: assimilated to PIECE]

frontlet /ˈfrʌntlit/ n.  1  a piece of cloth hanging over the upper part of an altar frontal 祭坛帷幔上部的挂布 2  a band worn on the forehead 额带，额饰 3  a phylactery 额上护符(尤指犹太教徒用的) 4  an animal's forehead (动物的)前额 [Old French frontelet (as FRONTAL2)]

front line n.  the foremost part of an army or a group under attack 前线，火线；第一线 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : front-line positions  前线阵地

front-line states n. pl. hist.  countries bordering on South Africa and opposed to its policy of apartheid [史义]前线国家(指毗邻南非并反对其种族隔离政策的一些国家)

frontman /ˈfrʌntmæn/ n.  1  a person acting as a front or cover (see 见 FRONT n. 8) (为他人)作掩护的人 2 Broadcasting  a programme's presenter or host 【广播】节目主持人 3  the leader of a group of musicians, an organization, etc. (乐队、组织等的)领导人，负责人

front matter n. Printing  the title-page, preface, etc. preceding the text proper 【印刷】前页(正文前的书页，包括扉页、序言等内容)

front office n.  a main office, esp. Brit. police headquarters 总办事处，总部；[尤英]警察总部

fronton /ˈfrʌnt(ə)n/ n. Archit.  a pediment 【建】三角梁；山墙顶端；三角顶饰 [French from Italian frontone, from fronte ‘forehead’]

front page n.  the first page of a newspaper, esp. as containing important or remarkable news (报纸的)头版 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : front-page headline  头版大标题；头版要闻

front passage n. Brit. colloq.  the vagina [英口]阴道

front runner n.  1  the contestant most likely to succeed 最有可能获胜的竞赛者；竞赛中的领先者 2  an athlete or horse running best when in the lead 赛跑(或赛马)中跑得最好的运动员(或马)；领先者

front-wheel drive n.  drive acting on the front wheels of a motor vehicle (see 见 DRIVE n. 6a) 前轮驱动

frore /frɔ:/ adj. poet.  frozen, frosty [诗]冰冻的；严寒的 [archaic past part. of FREEZE]

frost /frɒst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (also 亦作 white frost)  a white frozen dew coating esp. the ground at night 霜，白霜  windows covered with frost  结着霜花的窗子b  a consistent temperature below freezing point causing frost to form (结霜的)冰点以下的温度 2  a chilling dispiriting atmosphere 使人沮丧(或扫兴)的气氛 3 Brit. slang  a failure [英] [俚语]失败 ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over, up)  become covered with frost 结霜 2 tr.  a  cover with or as if with frost, powder, etc. (似)使结霜；(似)使为粉状物所盖b  injure (a plant etc.) with frost 冻坏(植物等) 3 tr.  give a roughened or finely granulated surface to (glass, metal) 使(玻璃、金属)具有无光泽的霜状表面；为(玻璃、金属)制毛面  frosted glass  毛玻璃 4 tr. US  cover or decorate (a cake etc.) with icing [美]用糖霜覆盖(或装饰) (糕饼等) □ degrees of frost  Brit.  degrees below freezing point [英]冰点以下的温度  ten degrees of frost tonight  今晚气温冰点以下 10 度□ frostless  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

frostbite /ˈfrɒs(t)bait/ n.  injury to body tissues, esp. the nose, fingers, or toes, due to freezing and often resulting in gangrene 冻伤；冻疮

frosting /ˈfrɒstiŋ/ n.  1 US  icing [美] (糕饼上的)糖霜混合物 2  a rough surface on glass etc. (玻璃等的)毛面，霜状表面

frost-work n.  tracery made by frost on glass etc. (玻璃等上结的)霜花

frosty /ˈfrɒsti/ adj. (frostier, frostiest)  1  cold with frost 霜冻的；严寒的 2  covered with or as with hoar frost (似)结霜的，(似)盖有霜状物的 3  unfriendly in manner, lacking in warmth of feeling 举止不友好的；冷淡的，冷若冰霜的 □ frostily  adv.  □ frostiness  n.  

froth /frɒθ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a collection of small bubbles in liquid, caused by shaking, fermenting, etc.; foam (液体因摇晃、发酵等而起的)泡，泡沫b  impure matter on liquid, scum 浮渣，浮垢 2  a  idle talk or ideas 空谈；空洞无用的想法b  anything insubstantial or of little worth 无实质内容(或价值微小)的事物 ●v.  1 intr.  emit or gather froth 起泡沫，冒泡  frothing at the mouth  口吐白沫 2 tr.  cause (beer etc.) to foam 使(啤酒等)起泡沫 □ frothily  adv.  □ frothiness  n.  □ frothy  adj. (frothier, frothiest)   [Middle English from Old Norse frotha, frauth, from Germanic]

froth-blower n. Brit. joc.  a beer drinker (formerly esp. as a designation of a member of a charitable organization) [英诙]爱喝啤酒的人(旧时尤用此称呼慈善机构人员)

frottage /ˈfrɒtɑ:ʒ/ n.  1 Psychol.  the practice of touching or rubbing against the clothed body of another person (usu. in a crowd) as a means of obtaining sexual gratification 【心】摩擦淫(指通常在人群中通过与他人穿着衣服的身体进行接触或摩擦而获得性满足的行为) 2 Art  the technique or process of taking a rubbing from an uneven surface to form the basis of a work of art 【艺术】擦印画法(从不平的表面上拓印图案以构成一件艺术作品基底的技法) [French, = rubbing, from frotter ‘rub’ from Old French froter]

frou-frou /ˈfru:fru:/ n.  1  a rustling, esp. of a dress (尤指长裙发出的)沙沙声 2  frills, frippery (女子服装)过多的装饰(如穗边、丝带、褶边等)；过分的华丽；矫揉造作的雅致 [French, imitative]

frow1 /fraʊ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a Dutchwoman 荷兰妇女 2  a housewife 家庭主妇 [Middle English from Dutch vrouw ‘woman’]

frow2 var.  of FROE  FROE 的变体

froward /ˈfrəʊəd/ adj. archaic  perverse; difficult to deal with [古义]刚愎的；任性的；难对付的，不易驾驭的 □ frowardly  adv.  □ frowardness  n.   [Middle English from FRO + -WARD]

frown /fraʊn/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  wrinkle one's brows, esp. in displeasure or deep thought 皱眉，蹙额(尤指生气或沉思时) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on, upon)  express disapproval 皱眉(表示不赞同) 3 intr. (of a thing) present a gloomy aspect (事物)呈现出阴沉的外观 4 tr.  compel with a frown 用皱眉蹙额迫使  frowned them into silence  皱眉蹙额以使他们闭嘴 5 tr.  express (defiance etc.) with a frown 以皱眉表示(反抗等) ●n.  1  an action of frowning; a vertically furrowed or wrinkled state of the brow 皱眉，蹙额 2  a look expressing severity, disapproval, or deep thought 严肃(或不赞同、沉思)的表情 □ frowner  n.  □ frowningly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French frongnier, froignier, from froigne ‘surly look’, from Celtic]

frowst /fraʊst/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  fusty warmth in a room 室内的闷热；霉臭味 ●v. intr.  stay in or enjoy frowst 闷居室内；乐于闷居室内 □ frowster  n.   [back-formation from FROWSTY]

frowsty /ˈfraʊsti/ adj. (frowstier, frowstiest) Brit.  fusty, stuffy [英]霉臭的；污浊的 □ frowstiness  n.   [variant of FROWZY]

frowzy /ˈfraʊzi/ adj. (also 亦作 frowsy) (-ier, -iest)  1  fusty, musty, ill-smelling, close 霉臭的；难闻的；污浊闷热的 2  slatternly, unkempt, dingy 邋遢的，不整洁的；肮脏的 □ frowziness  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

froze past  of FREEZE  

frozen past part.  of FREEZE  

frozen mitt n. colloq.  a cool reception [口]冷淡的接待；冷遇

frozen shoulder n. Med.  a shoulder joint which is painfully stiff 【医】冻肩(关节疼痛僵硬的肩)

FRS abbr. (in the UK) Fellow of the Royal Society [缩略] (英国)皇家学会会员

FRSE abbr.  Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh [缩略] (英国)爱丁堡皇家学会会员

fructiferous /frʌkˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  bearing fruit 结果实的 [Latin fructifer from fructus FRUIT]

fructification /ˌfrʌktifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  the process of fructifying 结果实 2  any spore-bearing structure esp. in ferns, fungi, and mosses (尤指蕨类植物、真菌和苔藓的)子实体 [Late Latin fructificatio (as FRUCTIFY)]

fructify /ˈfrʌktifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  bear fruit 结果实 2 tr.  make fruitful; impregnate 使结果实；使多产 [Middle English via Old French fructifier from Latin fructificare, from fructus FRUIT]

fructose /ˈfrʌktəʊz, -s/ n. Chem.  a simple sugar found in honey and fruits Also called 亦称作 fruit sugar, laevulose 【化】果糖，左旋糖(蜂蜜、水果中所含的糖) [Latin fructus FRUIT + -OSE2]

fructuous /ˈfrʌktjʊəs/ adj.  full of or producing fruit 果实累累的，多产的；产果的，结果实的 [Middle English from Old French fructuous or Latin fructuosus (as FRUIT)]

frugal /ˈfru:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  sparing or economical, esp. as regards food 节约的，节省的，节俭的(尤指对食物) 2  sparingly used or supplied, meagre, costing little 不滥用(或供应)的；小量的；花费少的，省钱的 □ frugality  /-ˈɡæliti/ n.  □ frugally  adv.  □ frugalness  n.   [Latin frugalis from frugi ‘economical’]

frugivorous /frʊˈdʒiv(ə)rəs/ adj.  feeding on fruit 以果实为食的，食果的 [Latin frux frugis ‘fruit’ + -VOROUS]

fruit /fru:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the usu. sweet and fleshy edible product of a plant or tree, containing seed 水果b (in sing. 用单数)  these in quantity 一定量的水果  eats fruit  吃一些水果 2  the seed of a plant or tree with its covering, e.g. an acorn, pea pod, cherry, etc. 果实(如橡树果、豆荚、樱桃等) 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  vegetables, grains, etc. used for food 用作食物的蔬菜、谷物等  fruits of the earth  大地的产物，农产品 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the result of action etc., esp. as financial reward 成果；结果；产物；收益；报酬  fruits of his labours  他的劳动成果 5 slang esp. US  a male homosexual [俚语] [尤美]男子同性恋者 6 Bibl.  an offspring 【圣经】子女，后代  the fruit of the womb  子女 the fruit of his loins  他的孩子 ●v. intr. & tr.  bear or cause to bear fruit (使)结果实 □ fruitage  n.  □ fruited  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin fructus ‘fruit, enjoyment’, from frui ‘enjoy’]

fruitarian /fru:ˈtɛəriən/ n.  a person who eats only fruit 仅靠吃水果生活的人 [FRUIT, on the pattern of vegetarian]

fruit bar n. Brit.  a piece of dried and pressed fruit [英]干压缩果条

fruitbat /ˈfru:tbæt/ n.  any large bat of the suborder Megachiroptera, feeding on fruit 狐蝠(以果实为食)

fruit-body n. (pl. -ies)  = FRUITING BODY 

fruit cake n.  1  a cake containing dried fruit 含有干果的糕饼；干果蛋糕 2 (作 fruitcake) slang  an eccentric or mad person [俚语]怪人；疯子

fruit cocktail n.  a finely chopped usu. tinned fruit salad (切得很碎的)水果色拉(通常罐装)

fruiter /ˈfru:tə/ n.  1  a tree producing fruit, esp. with reference to its quality (尤指论及质量的)果树  a poor fruiter  结果实差的果树 2 Brit.  a fruit-grower [英]果树种植者，果农 3  a ship carrying fruit 运水果船 [Middle English from Old French fruitier (as FRUIT, -ER5): in later use from FRUIT + -ER1]

fruiterer /ˈfru:t(ə)rə/ n. esp. Brit.  a dealer in fruit [尤英]水果商

fruit fly n. (pl. flies)  any of various flies, esp. of the genus Drosophila, having larvae that feed on fruit 实蝇科小蝇；果蝇

fruitful /ˈfru:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  producing much fruit; fertile; causing fertility 果实结得多的，多产的；使丰产的 2  producing good results, successful; beneficial, remunerative 产生良好结果的；成功的；有收益的；有利的 3  producing offspring, esp. prolifically 生育子女(尤指多产)的 □ fruitfully  adv.  □ fruitfulness  n.  

fruiting body n.  the spore-bearing part of a fungus (真菌的)子实体

fruition /frʊˈiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the bearing of fruit 结果实b  the production of results 取得成果 2  the realization of aims or hopes (目标或愿望的)达到，实现 3  enjoyment 享受，享用 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin fruitio -onis, from frui ‘enjoy’, erroneously associated with FRUIT]

fruitless /ˈfru:tlis/ adj.  1  not bearing fruit 不结果实的 2  useless, unsuccessful, unprofitable 无用的；不成功的；无结果的；无收益的 □ fruitlessly  adv.  □ fruitlessness  n.  

fruitlet /ˈfru:tlit/ n.  = DRUPEL 

fruit machine n. Brit.  a coin-operated gaming machine giving random combinations of symbols often representing fruit [英]吃角子老虎(一种以硬币操纵的赌具，能显示不同符号的随意组合，每种组合常代表不同水果图案)

fruit salad n.  1  various fruits cut up and served in syrup, juice, etc. 水果色拉，水果杂拌 2 slang  a display of medals etc. [俚语]陈列的勋章等

fruit sugar n.  fructose 果糖

fruit tree n.  a tree grown for its fruit 果树

fruitwood /ˈfru:twʊd/ n.  the wood of a fruit tree, esp. when used in furniture (尤指做家具用的)果木

fruity /ˈfru:ti/ adj. (fruitier, fruitiest)  1  a  of fruit 水果的b  tasting or smelling like fruit, esp. (of wine) tasting of the grape 尝(或闻)起来似水果的，有果味的；(尤指酒)有葡萄味的 2 (of a voice etc.) of full rich quality (声音等)圆润的 3 Brit. colloq.  full of rough humour or (usu. scandalous) interest; suggestive [英口]充满粗俗幽默的；有(低级)趣味的；挑动色情的 □ fruitily  adv.  □ fruitiness  n.  

frumenty /ˈfru:m(ə)nti/ n. (also 亦作 furmety /ˈfɜ:miti/)  hulled wheat boiled in milk and seasoned with cinnamon, sugar, etc. 香甜牛奶麦粥(在牛奶中煮熟并用桂皮香料、糖等调味的脱皮麦粒粥) [Middle English via Old French frumentee, from frument, from Latin frumentum ‘corn’]

frump /frʌmp/ n.  a dowdy unattractive old-fashioned woman 邋遢守旧而无魅力的女人 □ frumpish  adj.  □ frumpishly  adv.   [16th c.: perhaps from dialect frumple ‘wrinkle’ from Middle Dutch verrompelen (as FOR-, RUMPLE)]

frumpy /ˈfrʌmpi/ adj. (frumpier, frumpiest)  dowdy, unattractive, and old-fashioned 邋遢守旧而不吸引人的 □ frumpily  adv.  □ frumpiness  n.  

frustrate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /frʌˈstreit, ˈfrʌs-/  1  make (efforts) ineffective 使(努力)无效 2  prevent (a person) from achieving a purpose 阻止(某人)达到目的 3 (as 作 frustrated adj.)  a  discontented because unable to achieve one's desire (因不能达到愿望而)不满的b  sexually unfulfilled 性欲上未满足的 4  disappoint (a hope) 使(希望)破灭；使受挫折 ●adj. /ˈfrʌstreit/ archaic [古义]  frustrated 挫败的；无益的 □ frustratedly  adv.  □ frustrater  n.  □ frustrating  adj.  □ frustratingly  adv.  □ frustration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin frustrari frustrat-, from frustra ‘in vain’]

frustule /ˈfrʌstju:l/ n. Bot.  the siliceous cell wall of a diatom 【植】硅藻细胞壳 [French from Latin frustulum (as FRUSTUM)]

frustum /ˈfrʌstəm/ n. (pl. frusta /-tə/ or frustums) Geom. 【几】  1  the remainder of a cone or pyramid whose upper part has been cut off by a plane parallel to its base 截头(锥)体(圆锥体或棱锥体被一个与其底面平行的平面截去顶部后的剩余部分) 2  the part of a cone or pyramid intercepted between two planes 截头(锥)体(两个平面间截取的圆锥体或棱锥体的一部分) [Latin, = piece cut off]

frutescent /frʊˈtes(ə)nt/ adj. Bot.  of the nature of a shrub 【植】灌木性的 [formed irregularly from Latin frutex ‘bush, shrub’]

frutex /ˈfru:teks/ n. (pl. frutices /-tisi:z/) Bot.  a woody-stemmed plant smaller than a tree; a shrub 【植】灌木 [Latin frutex fruticis]

fruticose /ˈfru:tikəʊz, -s/ adj. Bot.  of the nature of or resembling a shrub 【植】灌木性的；灌木状的 [Latin fruticosus (as FRUTEX)]

fry1 /frai/ v. & n. ●v. (fries, fried)  1 tr. & intr.  cook or be cooked in hot fat 油煎，油炸，油炒 2 tr. & intr.  burn or overheat; frizzle, scorch 烧焦，炸焦，烤焦；炸酥；使过热；(使)枯萎 3 tr. & intr. slang  electrocute or be electrocuted [俚语]以电刑处死；被电刑处死 4 tr. (as 作 fried adj.) slang  drunk [俚语]喝醉的 ●n. (pl. fries)  1  various internal parts of animals usu. eaten fried (通常油炒后食用的)动物内脏，炒杂碎  lamb's fry  油炒小羊杂碎 2  a  a dish of fried food, esp. meat 油煎食品(尤指肉类)b (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. [北美]  = FRENCH FRIED POTATOES  3 US  a social gathering where fried food is served [美]油煎食品聚餐会 □ fry up   heat or reheat (food) in a frying pan 在煎锅里加热(或重新加热) (食物) [Middle English via Old French frire from Latin frigere]

fry2 /frai/ n. pl.  1  young or newly hatched fishes 小鱼；鱼苗，鱼秧 2  the young of other creatures produced in large numbers, e.g. bees or frogs 群生的幼小动物(如蜂或蛙) [Middle English from Old Norse frjó]

fryer /ˈfraiə/ n. (also 亦作 frier)  1  a person who fries 做油煎食物的人 2  a vessel for frying esp. fish 油炸锅(尤指炸鱼用的锅) 3 US  a young chicken suitable for frying [美]适合油炸的雏鸡

frying pan n. (N. Amer. [北美] frypan /ˈfrai pæn/)  a shallow pan used in frying 煎锅 □ out of the frying pan into the fire   from a bad situation to a worse one 跳出油锅又落入火坑；境遇越来越糟

fry-up n. Brit. colloq.  a dish of miscellaneous fried food [英口] (一盘)混合煎制的菜肴，油煎混菜

Frɑ¨ulein /ˈfrɔilain/ n.often offens. [常冒犯] (often as a title or form of address 常用作称呼)  an unmarried (esp. young) German-speaking woman 小姐(尤指讲德语的未婚年轻女子) [German, diminutive of FRAU]

FS abbr. (in the UK) Flight Sergeant [缩略] (英国)空军上士

FSA abbr. Brit.  Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries [缩略] [英]文物收藏者协会会员

FSH abbr.  follicle-stimulating hormone [缩略]促卵泡成熟激素

f-stop n. Photog.  a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number 【摄】 f 制光圈

Ft. abbr. [缩略]  Fort 

ft abbr. [缩略]  foot, feet 

FTC abbr. US  Federal Trade Commission [缩略] [美]联邦贸易委员会

FT Index n. Stock Exch.  any of a number of share indices published by the Financial Times 【股】《金融时报》证券指数

FTP abbr. Computing  file-transfer protocol [缩略]【计算】文件传输协议

FT-SE abbr.  Financial Times-Stock Exchange index (see also 另见 FOOTSIE) [缩略] 《金融时报》证券交易指数

fubsy /ˈfʌbzi/ adj. (fubsier, fubsiest) Brit.  fat or squat [英]肥胖的；矮胖的 [obsolete fubs ‘small fat person’ + -Y1]

fuchsia /ˈfju:ʃə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Fuchsia, with drooping red, purple, or white flowers 倒挂金钟(灌木，花朵悬垂呈倒挂金钟状) [modern Latin, named after L. Fuchs, German botanist d. 1566]

fuchsine /ˈfu:ksi:n/ n.  a deep red aniline dye used in the pharmaceutical and textile-processing industries, rosaniline 品红，洋红(用作染料) [FUCHSIA (from its resemblance to the colour of the flower)]

fuck /fʌk/ v., int. & n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  have sexual intercourse (with) 性交；与…性交 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around)  mess about; fool around 闲混，闲荡；胡闹；干蠢事 3 tr. (usu. as an exclamation 通常作感叹词)  curse, confound 诅咒  fuck the thing!  该死的玩意！ 4 intr. (as 作 fucking adj., adv.)  used as an intensive to express annoyance etc. (用作强调成分，表达恼怒等)妈的，该死的 ●int.  expressing anger or annoyance (表达愤怒或烦恼)妈的，混账，滚开 ●n.  1  a  an act of sexual intercourse 性交b  a partner in sexual intercourse 性交对象，性伙伴 2  the slightest amount 一丁点儿，些微  don't give a fuck  毫不在意 □ fuck all  Brit.  nothing [英]一点儿也不，绝不□ fuck off   go away 走开，滚开□ fuck up   1  make a mess of 把…弄糟 2  disturb emotionally 戏弄 3  make a blunder 犯大错误□ fucker  n. (often as a term of abuse 常作辱骂用语)   [16th c.: origin unknown]■Usage 用法说明 Although widely used in many sections of society, fuck is still generally considered to be one of the most offensive words in the English language. In discussions about bad language it is sometimes referred to euphemistically as the F-word. 尽管被社会许多阶层广泛使用， fuck 一词仍然被普遍认为是英语语言中最具冒犯性的词之一。在讨论亵渎性语言时，该词有时被委婉地称作 F-word 。 

fuck-up n. coarse slang  a mess or muddle [粗俗俚语]一团糟；一塌糊涂

fucus /ˈfju:kəs/ n. (pl. fuci /ˈfju:sai/)  any seaweed of the genus Fucus, with flat leathery fronds 墨角藻属植物 □ fucoid  adj.   [Latin, = rock-lichen, from Greek phukos, of Semitic origin]

fuddle /ˈfʌd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  confuse or stupefy, esp. with alcoholic liquor 使迷糊(或麻木) (尤指因饮烈性酒所致)；使喝醉 2 intr. archaic  tipple, booze [古义]常喝酒；狂饮，酗酒 ●n.  1  confusion 混乱；糊涂 2  intoxication 醉，烂醉 3  a spell of drinking 一阵狂饮，酗酒  on the fuddle  在狂饮 [16th c.: origin unknown]

fuddy-duddy /ˈfʌdidʌdi/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  old-fashioned or quaintly fussy 保守的；过时的；爱挑剔的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a fuddy-duddy person 守旧的人，老保守；吹毛求疵的人；大惊小怪的人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

fudge /fʌdʒ/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  a soft toffee-like sweet made with milk, sugar, butter, etc. 乳脂软糖(用牛奶、糖、黄油等制成) 2  nonsense 胡说，废话 3  a piece of dishonesty or faking 欺骗；捏造，伪造 4  a piece of late news inserted in a newspaper page (插入报纸版面的)最后新闻 ●v.  1 tr.  put together in a makeshift or dishonest way; fake 临时拼凑；编造，伪造，捏造 2 tr.  deal with incompetently 勉强应付 3 intr.  practise such methods 欺骗；做不老实的事；捏造 ●int.  expressing disbelief or annoyance (表示不相信或恼怒)胡说！瞎说！  [perhaps from obsolete fadge ‘to fit’]

fuehrer var.  of F ÜHRER FÜHRER 的变体

fuel /fjʊəl, ˈfju:əl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  material, esp. coal, wood, oil, etc., burnt or used as a source of heat or power 燃料 2  food as a source of energy (作为能量来源的)食物，养料 3  material used as a source of nuclear energy 核燃料 4  anything that sustains or inflames emotion or passion (维持或激起感情的)因素 ●v. (fuelled, fuelling; US [美] fueled, fueling)  1 tr.  supply with fuel 供给…燃料 2 tr.  sustain or inflame (an argument, feeling, etc.) 维持(或激起) (争论、感情等)；刺激；使火上加油  drink fuelled his anger  酒劲使他愈加愤怒 3 intr.  take in or get fuel 加燃料；得到燃料 [Middle English from Anglo-French fuaille, fewaile, Old French fouaille, ultimately from Latin focus ‘hearth’]

fuel cell n.  a cell producing an electric current direct from a chemical reaction (直接从化学反应中产生电流的)燃料电池

fuel element n.  an element of nuclear fuel etc. for use in a reactor (核反应堆中使用的)核燃料元件

fuel injection n.  the direct introduction of fuel under pressure into the combustion units of an internal-combustion engine 燃料喷射，喷油 □ fuel-injected  adj.  

fuel oil n.  oil used as fuel in an engine or furnace 燃料油

fuel rod n.  a rod-shaped fuel element, esp. in a nuclear reactor (尤指核反应堆中的)燃料棒

fug /fʌɡ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  stuffiness or fustiness of the air in a room 室内空气闷热而污浊 ●v. intr. (fugged, fugging)  stay in or enjoy a fug 呆在闷室中；喜欢呆在闷室中 □ fuggy  adj.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

fugacious /fjʊˈɡeiʃəs/ adj. literary  fleeting, evanescent, hard to capture or keep [文学用语]短暂的，转瞬即逝的；难以捕获(或保存)的 □ fugaciously  adv.  □ fugaciousness  n.  □ fugacity  /-ˈɡæsiti/ n.   [Latin fugax fugacis from fugere ‘flee’]

fugal /ˈfju:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  of the nature of a fugue 【音】赋格曲性质的 □ fugally  adv.  

-fuge /fju:dʒ/ comb. form  forming adjectives and nouns denoting expelling or dispelling (febrifuge 退热的；退热药 ; vermifuge 驱虫的；驱虫药) [构词成分]构成形容词和名词，表示“驱逐”，“逐出” [from or suggested by modern Latin -fugus from Latin fugare ‘put to flight’]

fugitive /ˈfju:dʒitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fleeing; that runs or has run away 逃跑的，逃亡的 2  transient, fleeting; of short duration 短暂的，转瞬即逝的，瞬间的 3 (of literature) of passing interest, ephemeral (文学作品)只引起短暂兴趣的，时兴一时的 4  flitting, shifting 迅速掠过的；游动不定的；变动的 ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a person who flees, esp. from justice, an enemy, danger, or a master 逃跑者，逃亡者(尤指逃避法律制裁、敌人、危险或主人) 2  an exile or refugee 被流放者；避难者，难民 □ fugitively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French fugitif -ive from Latin fugitivus, from fugere fugit- ‘flee’]

fugle /ˈfju:ɡ(ə)l/ v. intr.  act as a fugleman 担任示范兵；担任领导者(或组织者、发言人) [back-formation from FUGLEMAN]

fugleman /ˈfju:ɡ(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 hist.  a soldier placed in front of a regiment etc. while drilling to show the motions and time [史义] (操练时的)示范兵 2  a leader, organizer, or spokesman 领导者；组织者；发言人 [German Flügelmann, from Flügel ‘wing’ + Mann ‘man’]

fugue /fju:ɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mus.  a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase (the subject) is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts 【音】赋格曲 2 Psychol.  loss of awareness of one's identity, often coupled with flight from one's usual environment 【心】神游，浮客症 ●v. intr. (fugues, fugued, fuguing) Mus.  compose or perform a fugue 【音】作(或演奏)赋格曲 □ fuguist  n.   [French or Italian from Latin fuga ‘flight’]

fugued /fju:ɡd/ adj.  in the form of a fugue 赋格曲形式的

-ful /fʊl, f(ə)l/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  adjectives from nouns, meaning 形容词(来自名词)，表示 :a  full of (beautiful 美丽的) 充满…的b  having the qualities of (masterful 专横的) 有…性质的 2  adjectives from adjectives or Latin stems with little change of sense (direful 可怕的 ; grateful 感激的) 形容词(来自形容词或拉丁语词干，意义几乎无变化) 3  adjectives from verbs, meaning ‘apt to’, ‘able to’, ‘accustomed to’ (forgetful 健忘的 ; mournful 悲哀的 ; useful 有用的) 形容词(来自动词)，表示：易于…的，有…倾向的；能…的；习惯(或适应)的 4  nouns (pl. -fuls) meaning ‘the amount needed to fill’ (handful 一把 ; spoonful 一匙) 名词，表示“充满…所需要的量”

fulcrum /ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-/ n. (pl. fulcra /-rə/ or 或 fulcrums)  1  the point against which a lever is placed to get a purchase or on which it turns or is supported (杠杆的)支点 2  the means by which influence etc. is brought to bear (显示影响等的)手段；支柱，支撑物 [Latin, = post of a couch, from fulcire ‘to prop’]

fulfil /fʊlˈfil/ v. tr. (US [美] fulfill) (fulfilled, fulfilling)  1  bring to consummation, carry out (a prophecy or promise) 实现；使(预言)应验；履行(诺言) 2  a  satisfy (a desire or prayer) 满足(愿望或祈求)b (as 作 fulfilled adj.)  completely happy 完全满意的，十分高兴的 3  a  execute, obey (a command or law) 执行，服从(命令或法律)b  perform, carry out (a task) 履行，完成(任务) 4  comply with (conditions) 依从，遵从(条件) 5  answer (a purpose) 适应，适合(目的) 6  bring to an end, finish, complete (a period or piece of work) 完成(一段或一件工作)，使结束 □ fulfil oneself   develop one's gifts and character to the full 充分发挥自己的才能和特点□ fulfillable  adj.  □ fulfiller  n.  □ fulfilment  n. (US [美] fulfillment)   [Old English fullfyllan (as FULL1, FILL)]

fulgent /ˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj. poet. or literary  shining, brilliant [诗] [文学用语]光辉的，灿烂的 [Middle English from Latin fulgēre ‘shine’]

fulguration /fʌlɡjʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. Surgery  the destruction of tissue by means of high-voltage electric sparks 【外科】电灼疗法 [Latin fulguratio ‘sheet lightning’ from fulgur ‘lightning’]

fulgurite /ˈfʌlɡjʊrait/ n. Geol.  a rocky substance of sand fused or vitrified by lightning 【地质】闪电熔岩，闪电熔石 [Latin fulgur ‘lightning’]

fuliginous /fju:ˈlidʒinəs/ adj. literary  sooty, dusky [文学用语]充满烟灰的；烟灰的；黑黝黝的，暗黑色的 [Late Latin fuliginosus from fuligo -ginis ‘soot’]

full1 /fʊl/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  holding all its limits will allow 满的，充满的；装(或盛)满的  the bucket is full  桶是满的 full of water  盛满了水 2  having eaten to one's limits or satisfaction 饱的，吃饱的；吃得满意的 3  abundant, copious, satisfying, sufficient 丰富的；详尽的；令人满意的；足够的  a full programme of events  排得满满的活动计划 led a full life  度过了阅历丰富的一生 turned it to full account  充分利用 give full details  提供详尽的细节 the book is very full on this point  那本书对这一点讲得很详细 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  having or holding an abundance of, showing marked signs of 有大量…的；充满…的  full of vitality  朝气蓬勃 full of interest  兴致盎然 full of mistakes  错误百出 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  engrossed in thinking about 一心想着…的；全神贯注于…的  full of himself  光顾他自己 full of his work  全神贯注于他的工作b  unable to refrain from talking about 老是谈论…的  full of the news  老是谈论那新闻 6  a  complete, perfect, reaching the specified or usual or utmost limit 完全的，完整的；完美的；达到指定(或通常、最大)限度的  full membership  正式的成员资格 full daylight  大白天 waited a full hour  等了足足 1 个小时 it was full summer  时值盛夏 in full bloom  盛开b Bookbinding  used for the entire cover 【装订】用于全书面的  full leather  全皮面的 7  a (of tone or colour) deep and clear, mellow (声音)深沉清亮的；圆润的；(颜色)浓的；柔和的b (of light) intense (光)强烈的c (of motion etc.) vigorous (运动等)强有力的  a full pulse  强有力的脉搏 at full gallop  以最快速度，飞快地 8  plump, rounded, protuberant 丰满的；圆鼓鼓的；隆起的，突出的  a full figure  丰满的体形 9 (of clothes) made of much material arranged in folds or gathers (衣服)宽松的；多褶的 10 (of the heart etc.) overcharged with emotion (内心等)充满感情的 11 Brit. slang  drunk [英] [俚语]喝醉了的 12 (foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  having had plenty of [古义]拥有过许多的  full of years and honours  年高望重 ●adv.  1  very 非常，很  you know full well  你了解得非常清楚 2  quite, fully 完全地；充分地；整整，足足  full six miles  整整 6 英里 full ripe  完全成熟 3  exactly 恰恰，正好  hit him full on the nose  正打在他的鼻子上 4  more than sufficiently 过分地  full early  过早 ●n.  1  height, acme 顶点；顶峰时期，全盛期  season is past the full  季节高峰期已经过去 2  the state or time of full moon (月的)满月(期) 3  the whole 全部，整个  cannot tell you the full of it  不能把全部情况告诉你 ●v. intr. & tr.  be or become or make (esp. clothes) full 满；变满(或圆)；把(尤指衣服)缝得宽松(或缝出皱褶) □ at full length   1  lying stretched out 全身伸展地 2  without abridgement 无删节地，详尽地□ come full circle   see 见 CIRCLE □ full and by  Naut.  close-hauled but with sails filling 【海】满帆顺风地□ full speed (or steam) ahead!   an order to proceed at maximum speed or to pursue a course of action energetically (用作命令)全速前进！加油！ □ full up   completely full 完全满的(地)□ in full   1  without abridgement 无删节地，无省略地 2  to or for the full amount 全数地，全部地  paid in full  全数付清□ in full swing   at the height of activity 正达到极点；正起劲；正在全力进行中□ in full view   entirely visible 全都看得见的□ on a full stomach   see 见 STOMACH □ to the full   to the utmost extent 最大限度地，充分地，完全地 [Old English from Germanic]

full2 /fʊl/ v. tr.  cleanse and thicken (cloth) (布料)漂洗并增厚；缩呢，缩绒 [Middle English, back-formation from FULLER1: cf. Old French fouler (FOIL1)]

full age n. Brit.  adult status (esp. with reference to legal rights and duties) [英]成年(尤指与法律上的权利和义务有关的)

full-back n.  a defensive player, or a position near the goal, in football, hockey, etc. (足球、曲棍球等的)防守后卫；后卫位置

full beam n.  the brightest setting of a vehicle's headlights 全光柱(机动车前灯最亮的一档)

full-blooded adj.  1  vigorous, hearty, sensual 精力充沛的；热情的；肉感的；淫荡的 2  not hybrid 非混血的，纯种的 □ full-bloodedly  adv.  □ full-bloodedness  n.  

full-blown adj.  fully developed, complete, (of flowers) quite open 充分发展的；完全成熟的；完善的；(花)盛开的

full board n.  provision of accommodation and all meals at a hotel etc. 全食宿(指旅馆等提供住宿及全部伙食)

full-bodied adj.  rich in quality, tone, etc. 质地优良的；浓烈的；醇厚的；音质圆润的

full-bottomed adj. (of a wig) long at the back (假发)垂过肩的，垂到背的

full brother n.  a brother born of the same parents 同父母兄弟，嫡亲兄弟

full colour n.  the full range of colours 全色 usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符 : full-colour brochure  全色小册子

full-cream adj.  of or made from unskimmed milk 全脂的；用全脂牛奶做的

full dress n. & adj. ●n.  formal clothes worn on great occasions (盛大场合穿的)礼服；晚礼服 ●attrib. adj. (作 full-dress) (of a debate etc.) of major importance (辩论等)头等重要的

full dress uniform n.  military uniform worn for ceremonial parades etc. 军礼服

full employment n.  1  the condition in which there is no idle capital or labour of any kind that is in demand (资金或劳动力的)充分利用，全部使用 2  the condition in which virtually all who are able and willing to work are employed 充分就业，全员就业

fuller1 /ˈfʊlə/ n.  a person who fulls cloth 缩绒工，漂洗工 [Old English fullere from Latin fullo]

fuller2 /ˈfʊlə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a grooved or rounded tool on which iron is shaped (带槽的或圆形的)套柄铁锤，套锤 2  a groove made by this esp. in a horseshoe (尤指在马蹄铁上)用套锤压成的槽 ●v. tr.  stamp with a fuller 用套锤压(槽)；用套锤锤打 [19th c.: origin unknown]

fullerene /ˈfʊləri:n/ n. Chem.  any of several forms of carbon in which atoms are joined in a hollow structure 【化】富勒烯 [BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE]

fuller's earth n.  a type of clay used in fulling cloth and as an adsorbent 漂(白)土，漂泥

full face adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 in full face)  with all the face visible to the observer 面孔正对观者地，正面地，面对面地 ●adj. (作 full-face)  with all the face visible to the observer 面孔正对观者的，正面的，面对面的

full-fashioned adj.  = FULLY-FASHIONED 

full-fledged adj.  = FULLY-FLEDGED 

full flood n.  1  the tide at its highest 最高潮位；全潮 2 (in phr. 用于短语 in full flood)  speaking volubly (说话)滔滔不绝地，侃侃而谈地

full-frontal attrib. adj.  1 (of nudity or a nude figure) with full exposure at the front (裸体画或裸体塑像)正面全裸露的 2  unrestrained, explicit; with nothing concealed 放纵的；显然可见的；毫不掩饰的

full-grown adj.  having reached maturity 已成熟的；长足了的

full growth n.  the size ultimately attained; maturity 最终大小(或规模)；成熟，长足

full hand n. Brit. Poker [英]【扑克】  = FULL HOUSE 2 

full-hearted adj.  full of feeling; confident, zealous 充满感情的；满怀信心的；满腔热情的 □ full-heartedly  adv.  □ full-heartedness  n.  

full house n.  1  a maximum or large attendance at a theatre, in Parliament, etc. (剧院、议会等的)客满，席满 2 Poker  a hand with three of a kind and a pair 【扑克】满堂红(指全手 5 张牌中一组 3 张同点，一组 2 张同点)

full-length adj.  1  of normal, standard, or maximum length; not shortened or abbreviated 正常(或标准、最大)长度的；未缩减(或删节)的 2 (of a mirror, portrait, etc.) showing the whole height of the human figure (镜子、画像等)照出(或画出)全身的

full lock  see 见 LOCK1 n. 3b 

full marks n. pl. Brit.  the maximum award in an examination, in assessment of a person, etc. [英] (考试或对某人评价等的)满分，全优

full moon n.  1  the moon with its whole disc illuminated 满月 2  the time when this occurs 满月期

full-mouthed adj.  1 (of cattle or sheep) having a full set of teeth (牛或羊)口牙长齐的，齐口的 2 (of a dog) baying loudly (狗)大声吠叫的 3 (of oratory etc.) sonorous, vigorous (演讲等)声音洪亮的，铿锵有力的

fullness /ˈfʊlnis/ n. (also 亦作 fulness)  1  being full 满，充满；充分；完全，全部；完美 2 (of sound, colour, etc.) richness, volume, body (声音、颜色等的)洪亮，圆润，音量，深度，浓度 3  all that is contained (in the world etc.) (世界等包含的)全部内容 □ the fullness of the heart   emotion, genuine feelings 情感；真挚的感情□ the fullness of time   the appropriate or destined time 适当的时候；注定的时刻

full out adv.  1 Printing  flush with the margin 【印刷】无缩格排版地 2  at full power 全力地 3  completely 完全地

full page n.  an entire page of a newspaper etc. (报纸等的)全页，满版 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : full-page spread  整版篇幅的文章

full pitch n.  = FULL TOSS 

full point n.  = FULL STOP 1 

full professor n.  a professor of the highest grade in a university etc. 正教授

full-scale adj.  not reduced in size, complete 原尺寸的；完全的；全面的

full score n. Mus.  a score giving the parts for all performers on separate staves 【音】总谱

full sister n.  a sister born of the same parents 同父母姐妹，嫡亲姐妹

full stop n.  1  a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation 句号；句点 2  a complete cessation 完全停止

full term n.  the completion of a normal pregnancy 足月(指正常妊娠期满)

full tilt  see 见 TILT 

full time n.  1  the total normal duration of work etc. (工作等的)全部正常时间 2  the end of a football etc. match (足球等的)比赛结束

full-time adj. & adv. ●adj.  occupying or using the whole of the available working time 占据(或利用)全部工作时间的；全日制的；专职的  a full-time job  一份全日制的工作 ●adv.  on a full-time basis 全日制地；专职地  works full-time  全日制工作

full-timer n.  a person who does a full-time job 全日制工作人员，专职工作人员

full toss n. & adv. Cricket 【板球】  ●n.  a ball pitched right up to the batsman 未着地的直线投球 ●adv.  without the ball's having touched the ground 球未着地地

fully /ˈfʊli/ adv.  1  completely, entirely 完全地，全部地  am fully aware (我) 完全意识到 2  no less or fewer than 至少；整整，足足  fully 60  整整 60 [Old English fullīce (as FULL1, -LY2)]

-fully /ˈfʊli, f(ə)li/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -ful 构成与以 -ful 结尾的形容词相对应的副词

fully-fashioned adj. (of women's clothing) shaped to fit the body (女装)做得完全合身的

fully-fledged adj. Brit. (or fully fledged predic.)  mature [英]成熟的

fulmar /ˈfʊlmə/ n.  any medium-sized seabird of the genus Fulmarus, with stout body, robust bill, and rounded tail 管鼻鹱，暴风鹱(一种海鸟) [originally Hebridean dialect, from Old Norse fúll FOUL (with reference to its habit of regurgitating its stomach contents when disturbed) + mɑˊr ‘gull’ (cf. MEW2)]

fulminant /ˈfʌlminənt, ˈfʊl-/ adj.  1  fulminating 爆炸的；猛烈的；大声斥责的 2 Med. (of a disease or symptom) developing suddenly 【医】(疾病或症状)急性的，暴发性的 [French fulminant or Latin fulminant- (as FULMINATE)]

fulminate /ˈfʌlmineit, ˈfʊl-/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  express censure loudly and forcefully 大声而有力地斥责；怒喝 2  explode violently; flash like lightning 猛烈爆炸；似电光闪耀  fulminating mercury  雷汞 3 Med. (of a disease or symptom) develop suddenly 【医】(疾病或症状)暴发，突发 ●n. Chem.  a salt or ester of fulminic acid 【化】雷酸盐；雷酸酯 □ fulmination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fulminatory  adj.   [Latin fulminare fulminat- from fulmen -minis ‘lightning’]

fulminic acid /fʌlˈminik, fʊl-/ n. Chem.  an isomer of cyanic acid that is stable only in solution Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HONC 【化】雷酸 [Latin fulmen: see FULMINATE]

fulness var.  of FULLNESS  FULLNESS 的变体

fulsome /ˈfʊls(ə)m/ adj.  1  disgusting by excess of flattery, servility, or expressions of affection; excessive, cloying (因过分恭维、卑从或亲热而)令人厌恶的，令人作呕的；过分的；使人感到腻烦的 2 disp.  copious [异议]丰富的；大量的 □ fulsomely  adv.  □ fulsomeness  n.   [Middle English, from FULL1 + -SOME1]■Usage 用法说明 The original meaning of fulsome was ‘copious’ (see sense 2 above). However, this usage is now considered incorrect, and fulsome is used only as a pejorative term, applied to nouns such as flattery, praise, and tribute, meaning ‘excessive’ or ‘cloying’. fulsome 的原义是 copious (丰富的，富饶的；充裕的) (见上面释义 2) 。然而，这一用法现在被认为是不正确的。 fulsome 现仅用作轻蔑词，用以修饰某些名词如 flattery, praise 及 tribute ，表示“过度(恭维)的”或“令人倒胃口的，令人感到腻烦的”。 

fulvous /ˈfʌlvəs, ˈfʊl-/ adj.  reddish yellow, tawny 黄褐色的，茶色的 □ fulvescent  /-ˈves(ə)nt/ adj.   [Latin fulvus]

fumarole /ˈfju:mərəʊl/ n.  an opening in or near a volcano, through which hot vapours emerge (火山区的)喷气孔，气孔 □ fumarolic  /-ˈrɒlik/ adj.   [French fumarolle]

fumble /ˈfʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with, for, after)  use the hands awkwardly, grope about 笨手笨脚地行动；摸索 2 tr.  a  handle or deal with clumsily or nervously 笨拙(或紧张)地做(或处理)b Sport  fail to stop (a ball) cleanly 【运动】失(球)，漏接(球) ●n.  an act of fumbling 摸索；笨拙的处理；失球，漏接球 □ fumbler  n.  □ fumblingly  adv.   [Middle English from Low German fummeln, fommeln, Dutch fommelen]

fume /fju:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  exuded gas or smoke or vapour, esp. when harmful or unpleasant (尤指有害或难闻的)气；烟；汽 2  a fit of anger (一阵)愤怒  in a fume  怒气冲冲 ●v.  1  a intr.  emit fumes 冒气(或烟、汽)；(气、烟或汽)发出，冒出b tr.  give off as fumes 发出，冒出(气、烟或汽) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  be affected by (esp. suppressed) anger 发怒，大怒  was fuming at their inefficiency  正为他们办事低效而大动肝火 3 tr.  a  fumigate 用烟熏…以消毒b  subject to fumes, esp. those of ammonia (to darken tints in oak, photographic film, etc.) 用烟雾(尤指用氨的汽雾)熏(以使橡木、摄影胶片等颜色变深) 4 tr.  perfume with incense 用香熏 □ fumeless  adj.  □ fumingly  adv.  □ fumy  adj. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French fum from Latin fumus ‘smoke’, and via Old French fume, from fumer, from Latin fumare ‘to smoke’]

fume cupboard n. (also 亦作 fume chamber) Brit.  a ventilated structure in a laboratory, for storing or experimenting with noxious chemicals [英] (实验室中为存放或实验有害化学品而安装的)通风橱，通风柜，烟橱

fume hood n.  = FUME CUPBOARD 

fumigate /ˈfju:miɡeit/ v. tr.  1  disinfect or purify with fumes 用烟熏…以消毒(或净化) 2  apply fumes to 烟熏，熏蒸 □ fumigant  n.  □ fumigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ fumigator  n.   [Latin fumigare fumigat- from fumus ‘smoke’]

fumitory /ˈfju:mit(ə)ri/ n.  any plant of the genus Fumaria, esp. F. officinalis, formerly used against scurvy 蓝堇(一种植物，旧时用来治疗坏血病) [Middle English via Old French fumeterre from medieval Latin fumus terrae ‘earth-smoke’, from its greyish leaves]

fun /fʌn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  amusement, esp. lively or playful 娱乐；乐趣；快乐；嬉戏；玩笑 2  a source of this 有趣的人(或事) 3 (in full 全称 fun and games)  exciting or amusing goings-on 令人兴奋(或逗人乐)的事情；玩耍，嬉戏 ●attrib. adj. disp. colloq.  amusing, entertaining, enjoyable [异议] [口]有趣的；供人娱乐的；令人愉快的  a fun thing to do  一件做起来使人快乐的事 □ be great (or good) fun   be very amusing 很有趣的□ for fun (or for the fun of it)   not for a serious purpose 非认真地，闹着玩地□ have fun   enjoy oneself 作乐，开心□ in fun   as a joke, not seriously 开玩笑地，非认真地□ like fun   1  vigorously, quickly 奋力地；很快地 2  much 大量地 3 iron.  not at all [讽]决不，毫不□ make fun of   mock; ridicule 嘲弄，取笑□ what fun!   how amusing! 多么有趣！  [obsolete fun, variant of fon ‘befool’: cf. FOND]■Usage 用法说明 The use of fun as an attributive adjective, e.g. It was essentially a fun project, is common in informal use, but is considered incorrect by some people. 尽管在非正式用法中 fun 被用作定语形容词是常见的，如 It was essentially a fun project (这基本上是一个有趣的方案)，但一些人认为这一用法是不正确的。 

funambulist /fju:ˈnæmbjʊlist/ n.  a rope-walker 走绳索者，走绷索的演员 [French funambule or Latin funambulus, from funis ‘rope’ + ambulare ‘walk’]

funboard /ˈfʌnbɔ:d/ n.  a type of windsurfing board that is less stable but faster than a standard board 翻波板(一种不如标准冲浪板稳定但速度更快的风帆冲浪板)

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an activity proper to a person or institution 功能，作用；职能b  a mode of action or activity by which a thing fulfils its purpose 官能，机能；用途；目的c  an official or professional duty; an employment, profession, or calling 职责；职务；职业 2  a  a public ceremony or occasion 典礼，庆典b  a social gathering, esp. a large, formal, or important one (尤指盛大、正式或重要的)社交聚会 3 Math.  a variable quantity regarded in relation to another or others in terms of which it may be expressed or on which its value depends 【数】函数  x is a function of y and z  x 是 y 和 z 的函数 4 Computing  a part of a program that corresponds to a single value 【计算】功能 ●v. intr.  fulfil a function, operate; be in working order 履行职责；运转，工作；运转正常 □ functionless  adj.   [French fonction from Latin functio-onis, from fungi funct- ‘perform’]

functional /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or serving a function 功能的；官能的，机能的；职务上的；在起作用的；有功能的 2 (esp. of buildings) designed or intended to be practical rather than attractive; utilitarian (尤指建筑物)为实用而设计的；实用的 3 Physiol. 【生理】  a (esp. of disease) of or affecting only the functions of an organ etc., not structural or organic (尤指疾病)官能性的，机能性的；影响官能(或机能)的；非结构性(或器质性)的b (of mental disorder) having no discernible organic cause (精神病)没有明确器质性原因的c (of an organ) having a function, not functionless or rudimentary (器官)有机能的；非退化的 4 Math.  of a function 【数】函数的 □ functionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ functionally  adv.  

functional food n.  a food containing health-giving additives 功能食品(含有保健添加剂的食品)，保健食品

functional group n. Chem.  a group of atoms that determine the reactions of a compound containing the group 【化】官能团，功能团

functionalism /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  belief in or stress on the practical application of a thing 功能主义，实用主义 □ functionalist  n.  

functionary /ˈfʌn(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person who has to perform official functions or duties; an official 公务员；官员

function key n. Computing  a key which is used to generate instructions 【计算】功能键，操作键

fund /fʌnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a permanent stock of something ready to be drawn upon 储备，贮存  a fund of knowledge  知识储备；丰富的知识 a fund of tenderness  柔情满怀 2  a stock of money, esp. one set apart for a purpose 专款，基金 3 (in pl. 用复数)  money resources 财源；资金；现款 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  the stock of the national debt (as a mode of investment) [英] (作为投资形式的)公债 ●v. tr.  1  provide with money 为…提供资金，拨款给，资助 2  convert (a floating debt) into a more or less permanent debt at fixed interest 将(短期借款)转为有固定利息的长期借款 3  put into a fund 把…列为基金(或专款) □ in funds  Brit. colloq.  having money to spend [英口]有钱花 [Latin fundus ‘bottom, piece of land’]

fundament /ˈfʌndəm(ə)nt/ n. joc.  the buttocks [诙]臀部 [Middle English via Old French fondement from Latin fundamentum (as FOUND2)]

fundamental /fʌndəˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, affecting, or serving as a base or foundation, essential, primary, original 基础的；基本的，根本的；主要的；极其重要的；起始的，起源的  a fundamental change  根本变化 the fundamental rules  基本原则 the fundamental form  基本形式 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a fundamental rule, principle, or article 基本原则(或原理、条款) 2 Mus.  a fundamental note or tone 【音】根音；基音 □ fundamentality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ fundamentally  adv.   [Middle English from French fondamental or Late Latin fundamentalis from Latin fundamentum (as FOUND2)]

fundamentalism /fʌndəˈment(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  strict maintenance of traditional Protestant beliefs such as the inerrancy of Scripture and literal acceptance of the creeds as fundamentals of Christianity (基督教)原教旨主义，基要主义(指严格维护传统的新教信仰，如认为基督教《圣经》准确无误，并把《圣经》教义作为基督教基础而逐字完全接受) 2  strict maintenance of ancient or fundamental doctrines of any religion, esp. Islam (任何宗教的)原教旨主义，基要主义(对任何宗教(尤伊斯兰教)的古代或基本教义的严格维护) □ fundamentalist  n. & adj.  

fundamental note n. Mus.  the lowest note of a chord in its original (uninverted) form 【音】根音

fundamental particle n.  a subatomic particle 基本粒子

fundamental tone n. Mus.  the tone produced by vibration of the whole of a sonorous body (opp. 反义 HARMONIC) 【音】基音

fundholder /ˈfʌndhəʊldə/ n.  a GP who is provided with and controls his or her own budget (自负盈亏的)普科医生 □ fundholding  n. & adj.  

fund-raiser n.  a person who seeks financial support for a cause, enterprise, etc. (为某一事业等)寻求资金支持的人，资金筹集者，募捐者 □ fund-raising  n.  

fundus /ˈfʌndəs/ n. (pl. fundi /-dai/) Anat.  the base of a hollow organ; the part furthest from the opening 【解】(空腔器官的)底，底部，基底 [Latin, = bottom]

funeral /ˈfju:n(ə)r(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the burial or cremation of a dead person with its ceremonies (土葬或火葬)葬礼，丧礼b  a burial or cremation procession (土葬或火葬)送葬人的行列c US  a burial or cremation service [美] (土葬或火葬的)葬礼，宗教仪式 2 colloq.  one's (usu. unpleasant) concern [口]操心的事(通常指令人不愉快的事)；麻烦事，倒霉事  that's your funeral  那是需要你操心的麻烦事 ●attrib. adj.  of or used etc. at a funeral 葬礼的；葬礼上用的  funeral oration  悼词 [Middle English via Old French funeraille and medieval Latin funeralia, neut. pl. of Late Latin funeralis, from Latin funus -eris ‘funeral’: the adjective via Old French from Latin funeralis]

funeral director n.  an undertaker 丧葬承办者

funeral parlour n. (N. Amer. also [北美亦] funeral home)  an establishment where the dead are prepared for burial or cremation 殡仪馆

funeral pile n. (also 亦作 funeral pyre)  a pile of wood etc. on which a corpse is burnt 火葬柴堆

funeral urn n.  an urn holding the ashes of a cremated body 骨灰瓮，骨灰坛

funerary /ˈfju:n(ə) (rə)ri/ adj.  of or used at a funeral or funerals 殡葬的；殡葬用的，葬礼上用的 [Late Latin funerarius (as FUNERAL)]

funereal /fju:ˈniəriəl/ adj.  1  of or appropriate to a funeral 葬礼的；适于葬礼的 2  gloomy, dismal, dark 阴郁的；阴森的；阴沉的；无欢乐的 □ funereally  adv.   [Latin funereus (as FUNERAL)]

funfair /ˈfʌnfɛə/ n. Brit.  a fair, or part of one, consisting of amusements and sideshows [英]公共露天游乐场(有各种娱乐活动及杂耍表演)

fungi pl.  of FUNGUS  

fungible /ˈfʌn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj. Law (of goods etc. contracted for, when an individual specimen is not meant) that can serve for, or be replaced by, another answering to the same definition 【法律】可替代的；可互换的(指可用一物充当或被同类物所代替) □ fungibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin fungibilis, from fungi(vice) ‘serve (in place of) ’]

fungicide /ˈfʌn(d)ʒisaid, ˈfʌŋɡi-/ n.  a fungus-destroying substance 杀真菌剂 □ fungicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

fungistatic /fʌn(d)ʒiˈstætik/ adj.  inhibiting the growth of fungi 抑制真菌生长的 □ fungistatically  adv.  

fungoid /ˈfʌŋɡɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  resembling a fungus in texture or in rapid growth 似真菌的，真菌状的；如真菌般生长极快的 2  of a fungus or fungi 真菌的 ●n.  a fungoid plant 真菌类植物

fungous /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ adj.  1  having the nature of a fungus 有真菌性质的 2  springing up like a mushroom; transitory 蘑菇般生长迅速的；突发而不持久的；短暂的 [Middle English from Latin fungosus (as FUNGUS)]

fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ n. (pl. fungi /-ɡai, -(d)ʒai/ or funguses)  1  any of a group of unicellular, multicellular, or syncytial spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools 真菌(包括霉菌、酵母菌、蘑菇和伞菌) 2  anything similar usu. growing suddenly and rapidly 突然而迅速生长的东西 3 Med.  a spongy morbid growth 【医】海绵肿 4 slang  a beard [俚语]胡须 □ fungal  adj.  □ fungiform  /ˈfʌŋ(d)ʒifɔ:m/ adj.  □ fungivorous  /-ˈdʒiv(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin, perhaps from Greek sp(h)oggos SPONGE]

funicular /fjʊˈnikjʊlə, fəˈnik-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a railway, esp. on a mountainside) operating by cable with ascending and descending cars counterbalanced (指铁道，尤指在山坡上的铁道)用缆索运转的 2  of a rope or its tension 绳索的，缆索的；绳索张力(或拉力、牵力)的 ●n.  a funicular railway 缆索铁道，(用缆索牵引车辆的)登山铁道 [Latin funiculus from funis ‘rope’]

funk1 /fʌŋk/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  fear, panic 害怕，恐惧；惊慌 2 Brit.  a coward [英]懦夫 ●v. Brit. [英]  1 intr.  flinch, shrink, show cowardice 退缩；畏缩；胆怯 2 tr.  try to evade (an undertaking), shirk 设法逃避(任务)，避开 3 tr.  be afraid of 害怕 □ in a funk  US  in a dejected state of mind [美]沮丧，垂头丧气，意志消沉 [18th-c. Oxford slang: perhaps from FUNK2 in the slang sense ‘tobacco smoke’]

funk2 /fʌŋk/ n. slang [俚语]  1  funky music (由黑人蓝调发展成的)乡土爵士乐；乡土音乐 2 US  a strong smell [美]浓烈的气味，刺鼻的味道 [funk ‘blow smoke on’, perhaps from French dialect funkier from Latin (as FUMIGATE)]

funkia /ˈfʌŋkiə/ n.  = HOSTA  [modern Latin, named after H. C. Funck, Prussian botanist d. 1839]

funky1 /ˈfʌŋki/ adj. (funkier, funkiest) slang [俚语]  1 (esp. of jazz or rock music) earthy, bluesy, with a heavy rhythmical beat (尤指爵士乐或摇滚乐)朴实无华的，有蓝调感伤风味的，韵律节奏强烈的 2  fashionable 时髦的 3  unconventional; striking 不从惯例(或习俗)的；引人注目的 4 US  having a strong smell [美]有浓烈气味的 □ funkily  adv.  □ funkiness  n.   [FUNK2]

funky2 /ˈfʌŋki/ adj. (funkier, funkiest) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  terrified 恐惧的，胆战心惊的 2  cowardly 胆小的，怯懦的 [FUNK1]

funnel /ˈfʌn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narrow tube or pipe widening at the top, for pouring liquid, powder, etc., into a small opening 漏斗 2  a metal chimney on a steam engine or ship (蒸汽机或轮船的)烟囱 3  something resembling a funnel in shape or use (形状或用途)似漏斗的东西 ●v. tr. & intr. (funnelled, funnelling; US [美] funneled, funneling)  guide or move through or as through a funnel (似)通过漏斗引导；(似)通过漏斗 □ funnel-like  adj.   [Middle English via Provençal fonilh and Late Latin fundibulum from Latin infundibulum, from infundere (as IN-2, fundere ‘pour’)]

funniosity /fʌniˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. joc. [英诙]  1  comicality 滑稽 2  a comical thing 可笑的事 [FUNNY + -OSITY]

funny /ˈfʌni/ adj. & n. ●adj. (funnier, funniest)  1  amusing, comical 有趣的；可笑的，滑稽的 2  strange, perplexing, hard to account for 奇怪的；令人困惑的；难以解释的 3 colloq.  slightly unwell, eccentric, etc. [口]稍感不适的；有些失常的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq. [口]  1  a comic strip in a newspaper (报纸上的)滑稽连环漫画 2  a joke 笑话 □ funnily  adv.  □ funniness  n.   [FUN + -Y1]

funny bone n.  the part of the elbow over which the ulnar nerve passes (尺骨肘部的)鹰嘴突

funny business n.  1 slang  misbehaviour or deception [俚语]不端行为，见不得人的勾当；欺骗 2  comic behaviour, comedy 滑稽动作；喜剧；滑稽节目

funny-face n. joc. colloq.  an affectionate form of address [诙口]滑稽面孔(用作温柔亲切的称呼语)

funny farm n. slang  a psychiatric hospital [俚语]精神病院

funny-ha-ha adj. colloq. [口]  = FUNNYadj. 1 

funny man n.  a clown or comedian, esp. a professional 小丑，滑稽演员(尤指职业的)

funny money n. colloq.  inflated or counterfeit currency [口]膨胀的通货；伪钞，假钞票

funny paper n.  a newspaper etc. containing humorous matter 刊载幽默作品的报纸

funny-peculiar adj. colloq. [口]  = FUNNYadj. 2, 3 

fun run n. colloq.  an uncompetitive run, esp. for sponsored runners in support of a charity [口]公益长跑(非竞赛性跑步，尤指为支持某一项慈善事业而为受资助者安排的集体跑步活动)

funster /ˈfʌnstə/ n. colloq.  a person who makes fun; a joker [口]喜剧演员；幽默家；爱逗人笑的人

fur /fɜ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the short fine soft hair of certain animals, distinguished from the longer hair (某些动物)短而细的软毛，柔毛b  the skin of such an animal with the fur on it; a pelt 动物毛皮 2  a  the coat of certain animals as material for making, trimming, or lining clothes (制作、装饰衣服或给衣服作衬里用的)动物毛皮b  a trimming or lining made of the dressed coat of such animals, or of material imitating this 用处理过的动物毛皮(或用仿毛皮)做成的装饰物(或衬里)c  a garment made of or trimmed or lined with fur 用毛皮制作(或装饰)的衣服；毛皮做里的衣服 3 (collect. 集合名词)  furred animals 毛皮兽，软毛兽 4  a  a coating formed on the tongue in sickness 舌苔b Brit.  a coating formed on the inside surface of a pipe, kettle, etc., by hard water [英] (硬水在管道、水壶等内侧形成的)水垢，水碱，水锈c  a crust adhering to a surface, e.g. a deposit from wine 附着在表面的硬壳(如酒垢) 5 Heraldry  a representation of tufts on a plain ground 【纹章学】素底上的毛簇图案 ●v. (furred, furring)  1 tr. (esp. as 尤作 furred adj.)  a  line or trim (a garment) with fur 用毛皮做(服装的)里子；用毛皮装饰(服装)b  provide (an animal) with fur 促使(动物)长毛c  clothe (a person) with fur 给(某人)穿毛皮服装d  coat (a tongue, the inside of a kettle) with fur 使(舌)生苔；使(壶的内侧)生水垢，使生水锈 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a kettle etc.) become coated with fur (壶等)生水垢 3 tr.  level (floor-timbers) by inserting strips of wood (通过嵌入木条)整平(地木板) □ fur and feather   game animals and birds (供捕猎的)禽兽□ the fur will fly  colloq.  there will be a quarrel or disturbance [口]将会有争吵(或骚乱)□ furless  adj.   [Middle English (earlier as verb) via Old French forrer, from forre, fuerre ‘sheath’, from Germanic]

fur. abbr. [缩略]  furlong(s) 

furbelow /ˈfɜ:biləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gathered strip or pleated border of a skirt or petticoat (女裙或衬裙的)褶子，褶边；裙褶；皱襞裙饰 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 frills and furbelows) derog.  showy ornaments [贬]花哨的装饰 ●v. tr.  adorn with a furbelow or furbelows 用绉褶装饰；用花哨的装饰物装饰 [18th-c. variant of falbala ‘flounce, trimming’]

furbish /ˈfɜ:biʃ/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  remove rust from, polish, burnish 给…除锈；擦亮；磨光 2  give a new look to, renovate, revive (something antiquated) 更新；恢复(陈旧过时的东西) □ furbisher  n.   [Middle English from Old French forbir, from Germanic]

furcate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈfɜ:keit, -kət/  forked, branched 分叉的；叉形的 ●v. intr. /ˈfɜ:keit, fɜ:ˈkeit/  form a fork, divide 形成叉状；分叉 □ furcation  /fɜ:ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin furca ‘fork’: the adjective via Late Latin furcatus]

furcula /ˈfɜ:kjʊlə/ n. Zool. & Anat.  a forked organ or structure, esp. the wishbone of a bird 【动】【解】叉状器官(或结构) (尤指鸟的锁骨或叉骨) [Latin, diminutive of furca ‘fork’]

furfuraceous /fɜ:f(j)əˈreiʃəs/ adj.  1 Med. (of skin) resembling bran or dandruff; scaly 【医】(指皮肤)似糠的，似头皮屑的；鳞状的 2 Bot.  covered with branlike scales 【植】覆有糠状鳞片的 [furfur ‘scurf’ from Latin furfur ‘bran’]

furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  extremely angry 狂怒的，暴怒的 2  full of fury 怒火满胸的，大发雷霆的 3  raging, violent, intense 狂暴的；猛烈的，强烈的 □ furiously  adv.  □ furiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French furieus from Latin furiosus (as FURY)]

furl /fɜ:l/ v.  1 tr.  roll up and secure (a sail, umbrella, flag, etc.) 卷起，收卷(帆、旗等)；收拢(伞等) 2 intr.  become furled 卷起，收卷；收拢 3 tr.  a  close (a fan) 折拢(折扇)b  fold up (wings) 收拢(翅膀)c  draw away (a curtain) 拉拢(窗帘)d  relinquish (hopes) 弃绝(希望) □ furlable  adj.   [French ferler via Old French fer(m) FIRM1 + lier ‘bind’ from Latin ligare]

furlong /ˈfɜ:lɒŋ/ n.  an eighth of a mile, 220 yards 弗隆，浪(长度单位，等于 1/8 英里， 220 码) [originally the length of a furrow in a common field: Old English furlang from furh FURROW + lang LONG1]

furlough /ˈfɜ:ləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  leave of absence, esp. granted to a member of the services or to a missionary (尤指给予行政官员或传教士的)休假 ●v. US [美]  1 tr.  grant furlough to 准…休假 2 intr.  spend furlough 休假 [Dutch verlof, modelled on German Verlaub (as FOR-, LEAVE2)]

furmety var.  of FRUMENTY  FRUMENTY 的变体

furnace /ˈfɜ:nis/ n.  1  an enclosed structure for intense heating by fire, esp. of metals or water 火炉，熔炉；暖气锅炉 2  a very hot place 极热的地方 [Middle English via Old French fornais from Latin fornax -acis, from fornus ‘oven’]

furnish /ˈfɜ:niʃ/ v. tr.  1  provide (a house, room, etc.) with all necessary contents, esp. movable furniture 给(房屋、房间等)配备所有必需用具(尤指可移动的家具) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  cause to have possession or use of 使拥有；使有使用权 3  provide, afford, yield 提供，供应，供给 [Old French furnir, ultimately from West Germanic]

furnished /ˈfɜ:niʃt/ adj. (of a house, flat, etc.) let with furniture (房屋、公寓套房等)连同家具一起出租的，配有家具的

furnisher /ˈfɜ:niʃə/ n.  1  a person who sells furniture 出售家具者，家具商 2  a person who furnishes 供应者；装备者

furnishings /ˈfɜ:niʃiŋz/ n. pl.  the furniture and fitments in a house, room, etc. (房屋、房间等的)家具及设施

furniture /ˈfɜ:nitʃə/ n.  1  the movable equipment of a house, room, etc., e.g. tables, chairs, and beds 家具 2 Naut.  a ship's equipment, esp. tackle etc. 【海】(船的)设备(尤指帆的滑车索具等) 3  accessories, e.g. the handles and lock of a door 附件装置(如门的把手和锁) 4 Printing  pieces of wood or metal placed round or between type to make blank spaces and fasten the matter in the chase 【印刷】(排版用的)大空铅，填空材料 □ part of the furniture  colloq.  a person or thing taken for granted [口]被认作当然的人(或事) [French fourniture from fournir (as FURNISH)]

furniture beetle n.  a beetle, Anobium punctatum, the larvae of which bore into wood (see 见 WOODWORM) 家具蛀虫，木蠹

furniture van n. Brit.  a large van used to move furniture, esp. from one house to another [英]家具搬运车

furore /fjʊ(ə)ˈrɔ:ri, fjʊ(ə)ˈrɔ:/ n. (US [美] furor /ˈfjʊərɔ:/)  1  an uproar; an outbreak of fury 轰动，喧闹；狂怒 2  a wave of enthusiastic admiration, a craze 狂热，风行的时尚 [Italian from Latin furor -oris, from furere ‘be mad’]

furphy /ˈfɜ:fi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  a false report or rumour 假报道；谣传 2  an absurd story 荒唐的故事；无稽之谈 [water and sanitary Furphy carts of the First World War, made at a foundry set up by the Furphy family]

furrier /ˈfʌriə/ n.  a dealer in or dresser of furs 皮货商；毛皮加工者 [Middle English furrour from Old French forreor, from forrer ‘trim with fur’, assimilated to -IER]

furriery /ˈfʌriəri/ n.  the work of a furrier 皮货业；毛皮加工业

furrow /ˈfʌrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narrow trench made in the ground by a plough 犁沟，垄沟 2  a rut, groove, or deep wrinkle 沟；车辙；凹槽；(深)皱纹 3  a ship's track 航迹 ●v.  1 tr.  plough 犁 2 tr.  a  make furrows, grooves, etc. in 使形成车辙；在…开出沟槽b  mark with wrinkles 使起皱纹 3 intr. (esp. of the brow) become furrowed (尤指额头)起皱纹 □ furrowless  adj.  □ furrowy  adj.   [Old English furh, from Germanic]

furrow-slice n.  the slice of earth turned up by the mould-board of a plough (犁翻起的)垡片，犁垡，犁块

furry /ˈfɜ:ri/ adj. (furrier, furriest)  1  of or like fur 毛皮的；似毛皮的 2  covered with or wearing fur 毛皮覆盖的；长有软毛的；生(舌)苔的；生水锈的；穿戴毛皮衣物的 □ furriness  n.  

fur seal n.  any of several related seals with thick fur on the underside used commercially as sealskin 海狗

further /ˈfɜ:ðə/ adv., adj. & v. ●adv. (also 亦作 farther /ˈfɑ:ðə/)  1  to or at a more advanced point in space or time (在空间或时间上)距离更远地，更往前地  unsafe to proceed further  再往前走不安全 2  at a greater distance 距离更大地，更远地  nothing was further from his thoughts  他对…毫不放在心上 3  to a greater extent, more 在更大程度上；更多地；进一步地  will enquire further  将进一步调查 4  in addition; furthermore 此外，而且  I may add further  我可以再补充说明 ●adj. (also 亦作 farther /ˈfɑ:ðə/)  1  more distant or advanced 更远的，较远的；更前的  on the further side  在较远的一边 2  more, additional, going beyond what exists or has been dealt with 更多的；另外的，附加的；进一步的  threats of further punishment  威胁加重处罚 ●v. tr.  promote, favour, help on (a scheme, undertaking, movement, or cause) 促进，推进(计划、工作、运动或事业)；有助于，助长 □ further to  formal  following on from (esp. an earlier letter etc.) [正式]从(尤指上封信等)接着谈，对…作下述补充□ till further notice (or orders)   to continue until explicitly changed 在另行通知之前，在另有指示(或命令)之前□ furtherer  n.  □ furthermost  adj.   [Old English furthor (adv.), furthra (adj.), fyrthrian (v.), formed as FORTH, -ER2]■Usage 用法说明 The form farther is used especially with reference to physical distance, although further is preferred by many people even in this sense. farther 专门用来指有形物之间的距离，虽然即使在这一意义上许多人也还是更喜欢用 further 。 

furtherance /ˈfɜ:ð(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  furthering or being furthered; the advancement of a scheme etc. 助长；提高；(计划等的)推进，促进

further education n. Brit.  education for persons above school age but usu. below degree level [英] (为超过义务教育年龄但通常未达到相应学历水平的人设置的)继续教育，进修

furthermore /fɜ:ðəˈmɔ:/ adv.  in addition, besides (esp. introducing a fresh consideration in an argument) 而且，此外(尤用以在论证中引出新的要考虑的事)

furthest /ˈfɜ:ðist/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 farthest /ˈfɑ:ðist/) ●adj.  most distant 最远的 ●adv.  to or at the greatest distance 最远地 □ at the furthest (or at furthest)   at the greatest distance; at the latest; at most 最远；最迟；至多 [Middle English, superlative from FURTHER]■Usage 用法说明 The form farthest is used especially with reference to physical distance, although furthest is preferred by many people even in this sense. 词形 farthest 专门用来指有形物之间的距离，虽然即使在这一意义上许多人也还是喜欢用 furthest 。 

furtive /ˈfɜ:tiv/ adj.  1  done by stealth, clandestine, meant to escape notice 偷偷的；秘密的 2  sly, stealthy 躲躲闪闪的，遮遮掩掩的；私下的 3  stolen, taken secretly 偷来的；偷拿的 □ furtively  adv.  □ furtiveness  n.   [French furtif -ive or Latin furtivus, from furtum ‘theft’]

furuncle /ˈfjʊərʌŋk(ə)l/ n. Med. 【医】  = BOIL2  □ furuncular  /-ˈrʌŋkjʊlə/ adj.  □ furunculous  /-ˈrʌŋkjʊləs/ adj.   [Latin furunculus ‘petty thief, knob on a vine’ (‘stealing’ the sap), from fur ‘thief’]

furunculosis /fjʊˌrʌŋkjəˈləʊsis/ n.  1  a diseased condition in which boils appear 疖病 2  a bacterial disease of salmon and trout (鲑鱼和鳟鱼的)疥疮病 [modern Latin (as FURUNCLE)]

fury /ˈfjʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  wild and passionate anger, rage 狂怒，暴怒b  a fit of rage 一阵狂怒  in a blind fury  乱发雷霆c  impetuosity in battle etc. (战斗等的)猛烈，激烈 2  violence of a storm, disease, etc. (暴风雨、疾病等的)狂暴，猛烈，激烈 3 (作 Fury) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (in Greek mythology) each of usu. three goddesses sent from Tartarus to avenge crime, esp. against kinship (希腊神话)复仇三女神之一 4  an avenging spirit 复仇精灵 5  an angry or malignant woman, a virago 愤怒(或恶毒)的女子；泼妇，悍妇 □ like fury  colloq.  with great force or effect. [口]奋力地；猛烈地；迅猛地 [Middle English via Old French furie from Latin furia, from furere ‘be mad’]

furze /fɜ:z/ n. Brit. [英]  = GORSE  □ furzy  /ˈfɜ:zi/ adj.   [Old English fyrs, of unknown origin]

fuscous /ˈfʌskəs/ adj.  sombre, dark-coloured 暗褐色的，深色的 [Latin fuscus ‘dusky’]

fuse1 /fju:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  melt with intense heat; liquefy (使)熔化；(使)液化 2 tr. & intr.  blend or amalgamate into one whole by or as by melting (使)熔合，(使)熔接；(使)混合；(使)合并 3 tr.  provide (a circuit, plug, etc.) with a fuse 给(电路、插头等)安装保险丝 4 Brit. [英]  a intr. (of an appliance) cease to function when a fuse blows (电器)保险丝熔断时中断工作b tr.  cause (an appliance) to do this 使(电器)因保险丝熔断而中断工作 ●n.  a device or component for protecting an electric circuit, containing a strip or wire of easily melted metal and placed in the circuit so as to break it by melting when an excessive current passes through 保险丝，熔线 □ blow a fuse   lose one's temper 勃然大怒 [Latin fundere fus- ‘pour, melt’]

fuse2 /fju:z/ n. & v. (also 亦作 fuze) ●n.  1  a device for igniting a bomb or explosive charge, consisting of a tube or cord etc. filled or saturated with combustible matter 导火线，导火索 2  a component in a shell, mine, etc., designed to detonate an explosive charge on impact, after an interval, or when subjected to a magnetic or vibratory stimulation 引信，信管 ●v. tr.  fit a fuse to 给…装引信(或导火线) □ fuseless  adj.   [Italian fuso from Latin fusus ‘spindle’ (from the shape of the tube in sense 1)]

fuse box n.  a box housing the fuses for circuits in a building 保险丝盒，熔线盒

fusee /fju:ˈzi:/ n. (US [美] fuzee)  1  a conical pulley or wheel esp. in a watch or clock (尤指手表或钟表的)均力圆锥轮 2  a large-headed match for lighting a cigar or pipe in a wind (风中点燃烟卷或烟斗的)耐风大头火柴 3 US  a railway signal-flare [美] (铁路的)信号火，火管信号 [earlier = a spindle-shaped figure: French fusée ‘spindle’, ultimately from Latin fusus]

fuselage /ˈfju:zəlɑ:ʒ, -lidʒ/ n.  the body of an aeroplane 飞机机身 [French, via fuseler ‘cut into a spindle’, from fuseau ‘spindle’, from Old French fusel, ultimately from Latin fusus]

fusel oil /ˈfju:z(ə)l/ n.  a mixture of several alcohols, chiefly amyl alcohol, produced usu. in small amounts during alcoholic fermentation 杂醇油；戊醇 [German Fusel ‘bad brandy etc.’: cf. fuseln ‘to bungle’]

fuse wire n. Electr.  wire used in a fuse (see 见 FUSE1 n.) 【电】作保险丝用的金属丝

fusible /ˈfju:zib(ə)l/ adj.  that can be easily fused or melted 可熔化的；易熔的；易熔合的 □ fusibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

fusiform /ˈfju:zifɔ:m/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  shaped like a spindle or cigar, tapering at both ends 【植】【动】纺锤状的，梭状的 [Latin fusus ‘spindle’ + -FORM]

fusil /ˈfju:zil/ n. hist.  a light musket [史义]燧发枪，明火枪 [French, ultimately from Latin focus ‘hearth, fire’]

fusilier /fju:ziˈliə/ n. (US also [美亦] fusileer)  1  a member of any of several British regiments formerly armed with fusils 旧时配备燧发枪的英国军团士兵 2 hist.  a soldier armed with a fusil [史义]燧发枪枪手 [French (as FUSIL)]

fusillade /fju:ziˈleid, -ˈlɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a continuous discharge of firearms (枪炮的)连续射击，连发b  a wholesale execution by this means (枪炮的)齐射，齐发 2  a sustained outburst of criticism etc. 连珠炮似的猛烈批评 ●v. tr.  1  assault (a place) by a fusillade 以连续(或齐发)的炮火攻击(某地) 2  shoot down (persons) with a fusillade 以连续(或齐发)的炮火击毙(人) [French, from fusiller ‘shoot’]

fusilli /fʊˈzi:li/ n. pl.  pasta pieces in the form of short spirals (意大利)短螺旋形的面食片 [Italian, literally ‘little spindles’, diminutive of fuso ‘spindle’]

fusion /ˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of fusing or melting 熔化，熔解；熔合，熔接 2  a fused mass 熔块；熔制物 3  the blending of different things into one 融合；混合；合并 4  a coalition 联盟，同盟 5 Physics 【物理学】  = NUCLEAR FUSION  □ fusional  adj.   [French fusion or Latin fusio (as FUSE1)]

fusion bomb n.  a bomb involving nuclear fusion, esp. a hydrogen bomb 聚变弹，热核弹(尤指氢弹)

fuss /fʌs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  excited commotion, bustle, ostentatious or nervous activity 喧闹；忙乱；夸示(或紧张)的行为；紧张不安 2  a  excessive concern about a trivial thing 爱小题大做，大惊小怪b  abundance of petty detail 大量琐碎细节 3  a sustained protest or dispute (持续的)反对(或争论)；争吵 4  a person who fusses 大惊小怪的人 ●v.  1 intr.  a  make a fuss 忙乱；小题大做，大惊小怪；抱怨；争辩b  busy oneself restlessly with trivial things (不停地)为琐事忙碌c (often foll. by 常后跟 about, up and down)  move fussily 瞎忙一气；忙得团团转 2 tr. Brit.  agitate, worry [英]使急躁；使焦虑；使烦恼，烦扰 □ make a fuss   complain vigorously 激烈地抱怨，对…强烈不满□ make a fuss over (or Brit. [英] of)   treat (a person or animal) with great or excessive attention 非常(或过分)关照(某人或动物)□ fusser  n.   [18th c.: perhaps Anglo-Irish]

fusspot /ˈfʌspɒt/ n. colloq.  a person given to fussing [口]爱瞎忙的人；大惊小怪的人

fussy /ˈfʌsi/ adj. (fussier, fussiest)  1  inclined to fuss 爱瞎忙的；大惊小怪的；抱怨的 2  full of unnecessary detail or decoration 过分注重细节的；过分装饰的 3  fastidious 难讨好的，爱挑剔的 □ fussily  adv.  □ fussiness  n.  

fustanella /fʌstəˈnelə/ n.  a man's stiff white kilt worn in Albania and Greece (阿尔巴尼亚和希腊男子穿的)硬褶白短裙 [Italian diminutive of modern Greek phoustani, probably from Italian fustagno FUSTIAN]

fustian /ˈfʌstiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  thick twilled cotton cloth with a short nap, usu. dyed in dark colours 有短绒的厚斜纹棉布(通常染成黑色)；纬起毛织物，纬起绒织物 2  turgid speech or writing, bombast 浮夸的讲话(或文章)；大话 ●adj.  1  made of fustian 用短绒厚斜纹棉布制成的 2  bombastic 浮夸的；夸夸其谈的 3  worthless 无价值的，不足道的 [Middle English via Old French fustaigne from medieval Latin fustaneus ‘relating to cloth from Fostat’ a suburb of Cairo]

fustic /ˈfʌstik/ n.  a yellow dye obtained from either of two kinds of wood, esp. old fustic See also 另见 OLD FUSTIC, YOUNG FUSTIC (从黄栌和黄木木材，尤指从黄木木材提取的)黄色颜料 [French via Spanish fustoc and Arabic fustuk from Greek pistakē ‘pistachio’]

fusty /ˈfʌsti/ adj. (fustier, fustiest)  1  stalesmelling, musty, mouldy 腐臭的；发霉的；霉臭的 2  stuffy, close 不通气的，窒息的；闷热的 3  antiquated, old-fashioned 陈腐的；过时的；守旧的；古板的 □ fustily  adv.  □ fustiness  n.   [Middle English via Old French fusté ‘smelling of the cask’, from fust ‘cask, tree trunk’, from Latin fustis ‘cudgel’]

futhorc /ˈfu:θɔ:k/ n.  the Scandinavian runic alphabet 北欧古字母表 [its first six letters f, u, th, ö, r, k]

futile /ˈfju:tail/ adj.  1  useless, ineffectual, vain 无用的；无效的；无益的；徒劳的 2  frivolous, trifling 琐屑的，无意义的；不重要的，微不足道的 □ futilely  adv.  □ futility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Latin futilis ‘leaky, futile’, related to fundere ‘pour’]

futon /ˈfu:tɒn/ n.  1  a Japanese quilted mattress rolled out on the floor for use as a bed (铺在地板上作床用的)日本絮垫；日本床垫 2  a type of low wooden sofa bed having such a mattress (带日本床垫的低矮木质)沙发床 [Japanese]

futtock /ˈfʌtək/ n.  each of the middle timbers of a ship's frame, between the floor and the top timbers (船的)复肋材 [Middle English: origin uncertain, perhaps from Middle Low German or from FOOT + HOOK]

future /ˈfju:tʃə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  going or expected to happen or be or become 将来的，未来的  his future career  他将来的职业b  that will be something specified 要成为…的  my future wife  我的未婚妻c  that will be after death 死后发生(或存在)的；来世的  a future life  来世，来生 2  a  of time to come 以后的，将来的  future years  以后的岁月b Gram. (of a tense or participle) describing an event yet to happen 【语法】(时态或分词)表示事件将要发生的；将来时的 ●n.  1  time to come 将来，未来，以后  past, present, and future  过去、现在和将来 2  what will happen in the future 将来(或以后)要发生的事，未来的事  the future is uncertain  未来难以预料 3  the future condition of a person, country, etc. (人、国家等的)将来的情况；前景；前途 4  a prospect of success etc. (成功等的)可能性，希望  there's no future in it  此事不会成功 5 Gram.  the future tense 【语法】将来时；将来式 6 (in pl. 用复数) Stock Exch. 【股】  a  goods and stocks sold for future delivery 期货(交易)b  contracts for these 期货(交易)合同 □ for the future   = in future □ in future   from now onwards 从今以后，以后□ futureless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French futur -ure from Latin futurus, future part. of esse ‘be’ (from the stem fu-, ultimately from a base meaning ‘grow, become’)]

future perfect n. Gram.  a tense giving the sense will have done 【语法】将来完成时

future shock n.  inability to cope with rapid progress 未来冲击(指由于无力应付社会行为及价值观念的急剧变化而受到压力并产生无所适从的感觉)

futurism /ˈfju:tʃəriz(ə)m/ n.  a movement in art, literature, music, etc., with violent departure from traditional forms so as to express movement and growth 未来主义，未来派(艺术、文学、音乐等中完全脱离传统形式以表达运动和发展的流派) [FUTURE + -ISM, translating Italian futurismo, French futurisme]

futurist /ˈfju:tʃərist/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  an adherent of futurism 未来主义者；未来派文艺家 2  a believer in human progress 相信人类进步的人 3  a student of the future 未来学家 4 Theol.  a person who believes that eschatological prophecies are still to be fulfilled 【神】相信有关世界末日的预言终将实现的人

futuristic /fju:tʃəˈristik/ adj.  1  suitable for the future; ultra-modern 适于未来的；极现代的；极先进的 2  of futurism 未来主义的，未来派的 3  relating to the future 与将来有关的，未来的 □ futuristically  adv.  

futurity /fjʊˈtjʊəriti, -tʃ-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  future time 将来，未来 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  future events 未来事件 3  future condition; existence after death 未来情况，远景；来世

futurity stakes n. pl. US  stakes raced for long after entries or nominations are made [美]未来比赛(指参赛的马早已排定的比赛)

futurology /fju:tʃəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  systematic forecasting of the future esp. from present trends in society 未来学(一门系统地预测未来的学科，尤指根据目前的社会趋势作预测) □ futurological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ futurologist  n.  

fuze var.  of FUSE2  FUSE2 的变体

fuzee US var.  of FUSEE [美] FUSEE 的变体

fuzz /fʌz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  fluff (毛毯等的)绒毛，细毛，茸毛，蓬松毛 2  fluffy or frizzled hair 蓬松(或卷曲)的头发 3 slang [俚语]  a  the police 警方b  a police officer 警官；警察 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become fluffy or blurred 使成绒毛状；呈蓬松细绒毛状；使模糊不清；变得模糊 [16th c.: probably from Low German or Dutch: sense 3 perhaps a different word]

fuzz-ball n.  a puffball fungus 马勃菌

fuzzbox /ˈfʌzbɒks/ n.  a device which adds a buzzing quality to the sound of an electric guitar or other instrument (电吉他或其他乐器的)模糊音装置

fuzzy /ˈfʌzi/ adj. (fuzzier, fuzziest)  1  a  like fuzz 绒毛状的，毛茸茸的b  frayed, fluffy 磨起绒毛的；覆有绒毛的c  frizzy 卷曲的 2  blurred, indistinct 模糊的，不清楚的 3 Computing & Logic (of a set) of which membership is determined imprecisely according to probability functions; of or relating to such sets 【计算】【逻辑学】模糊的；模糊集的  fuzzy logic  模糊逻辑 □ fuzzily  adv.  □ fuzziness  n.  

fuzzy-wuzzy /ˈfʌziwʌzi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  1 hist.  a Sudanese soldier [史义]苏丹士兵 2  a black person, esp. one with tightly curled hair 黑人(尤指头发紧卷的黑人)

f.w.d. abbr. [缩略]  1  four-wheel drive (汽车)四轮驱动 2  front-wheel drive (汽车)前轮驱动

fwd abbr. [缩略]  forward 

F-word n. colloq.  an unprintable or taboo word beginning with the letter f, esp. ‘fuck’ [口] f 字母开首的不宜印刷或避讳的词(尤指 fuck)

FY abbr. US  fiscal year [缩略] [美]财政年度，会计年度

-fy /fai/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  verbs from nouns, meaning 动词(来自名词)，表示 :a  make, produce (pacify 使平静 ; speechify 高谈阔论) 使得；产生b  make into (deify 神化 ; petrify 石化) 使成为；使…化 2  verbs from adjectives, meaning ‘bring or come into such a state’ (Frenchify (使)法国化 ; solidify (使)凝固) 动词(来自形容词)，表示“(使)变得”，“使…化” 3  verbs in causative sense (horrify 使恐怖 ; stupefy 使茫然) 使役动词 [from or suggested by French -fier from Latin -ficare, -facere, from facere ‘do, make’]

fylfot /ˈfilfɒt/ n.  a swastika 卐字(德国纳粹党的党徽，纳粹德国的国徽，反犹太主义的标志)；卐字饰，万字饰(相传为象征太阳、吉祥等的标志) [perhaps from fill-foot ‘pattern to fill the foot of a painted window’]

fyrd /fɜ:d, fiəd/ n. hist. [史义]  1  the English militia before 1066 (1066 年前的)英国民兵组织 2  the duty to serve in this 在民兵组织中服役的义务 [Old English from Germanic (as FARE)]

fytte var.  of FIT3  FIT3 的变体

fête /feit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  an outdoor function with the sale of goods, amusements, etc., esp. to raise funds for a charity or cause [英] (尤指为给慈善等事业筹募基金而在室外举行的)义卖会，游乐会 2  a great entertainment; a festival 盛大招待会，盛宴；节日 3  a saint's day 圣徒纪念日，圣徒节日 ●v. tr.  honour or entertain lavishly 盛宴招待，款待；给以巨大荣誉 [French fête (as FEAST)]

fête champêtre /feit ʃɒ˜ˈpeitr(ə), 法 fɛt ʃɑ˜pɛtr/ n. (pl. fêtes champêtres pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an outdoor entertainment; a rural festival 室外招待会；乡村节日 [French (as FÊTE, champêtre ‘rural’)]

fête galante /feit ɡæˈlɒ˜t, 法 fɛt ɡalɑ˜t/ n. (pl. fêtes galantes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  an outdoor entertainment or rural festival, esp. as depicted in 18th-c. French painting (尤指 18 世纪法国绘画作品中描绘的)室外招待会(或乡村节日) 2  a painting in this genre (描绘室外招待会或乡村节日的)绘画作品 [French (as FÊTE, galante, fem. of galant GALLANT)]

föhn /fɜ:n/ n. (also 亦作 foehn)  1  a hot southerly wind on the northern slopes of the Alps (阿尔卑斯山北坡的)热南风 2  a warm dry wind on the lee side of mountains (山背风面的)热燥风，焚风 [German, ultimately from Latin Favonius ‘mild west wind’]

führer /ˈfjʊərə/ n. (also 亦作 fuehrer)  a leader, esp. a tyrannical one (尤指进行暴虐统治的)首领，暴君 [German, = leader: part of the title assumed in 1934 by Hitler (see HITLER)]

G1 /dʒi:/ n. (also 亦作 g) (pl. Gs or G's)  1  the seventh letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 7 个字母 2 Mus.  the fifth note in the diatonic scale of C major 【音】 C 大调音阶的第五音； G 音， G 调

G2 abbr. (also 亦作 G.) N. Amer. colloq. [缩略] [北美口]  = GRANDn. 2 

G3 symb. [符]  1  gauss  2  giga-  3  gravitational constant (万有)引力常数

g1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 g.)  1  gelding  2  gas 

g2 symb. [符]  1  gram(s)  2  a  gravity b  acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度

G7 attrib. adj.  designating a group of seven leading industrialized nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US) 七国集团(加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国和美国) [Group of Seven]

GA abbr. US  Georgia (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]佐治亚州(正式邮政用语)

Ga symb. Chem.  the element gallium [符]【化】(化学元素)镓

Ga. abbr.  Georgia (US) [缩略] (美)佐治亚州

gab /ɡæb/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  talk, chatter, twaddle 闲聊，唠叨，喋喋不休 ●v. intr. (gabbed, gabbing)  talk, chatter 闲聊，唠叨，空谈 □ gift of the gab   the facility of speaking eloquently or profusely 能说会道，有口才 [18th-c. variant of GOB1]

gabardine /ɡæbəˈdi:n, ˈɡæbədi:n/ n. (also 亦作 gaberdine)  1  a smooth durable twill-woven cloth esp. of worsted or cotton 华达呢，轧别丁(一种斜纹布料，尤指精纺毛料) 2 Brit.  a garment made of this, esp. a raincoat [英]华达呢衣服(尤指用华达呢制做的雨衣) [variant of GABERDINE]

gabble /ˈɡæb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  talk volubly or inarticulately 滔滔不绝(或含糊不清)地说b  read aloud too fast 急促地念 2 tr.  utter too fast, esp. in reading aloud 急促地说(尤指急促地念) ●n.  fast unintelligible talk 急促听不懂的话 □ gabbler  n.   [Middle Dutch gabbelen (imitative)]

gabbro /ˈɡæbrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a dark granular plutonic rock of crystalline texture 辉长岩 □ gabbroic  /-ˈbrəʊik/ adj.  □ gabbroid  adj.   [Italian from Latin glaber glabr- ‘smooth’]

gabby /ˈɡæbi/ adj. (gabbier, gabbiest) colloq.  talkative [口]爱说话的 [GAB + -Y1]

gaberdine /ɡæbəˈdi:n, ˈɡæbədi:n/ n.  1 var.  of GABARDINE GABARDINE 的变体 2 hist.  a loose long upper garment worn esp. by Jews and beggars [史义] (尤指犹太人和乞丐穿的)宽大长外套 [Old French gauvardine, perhaps from Middle High German wallevart ‘pilgrimage’]

gabion /ˈɡeibiən/ n.  a cylindrical wicker or metal basket for filling with earth or stones, used in engineering or (formerly) in fortification (盛土石用的)箩筐或金属筐(用于土木工程或早期防御工事的构筑) □ gabionage  n.  (土石筐垒成的)墙、堤坝等 [French from Italian gabbione, from gabbia CAGE]

gable /ˈɡeib(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the triangular upper part of a wall at the end of a ridged roof 三角墙(人字形屋顶端处墙壁的上部)b (in full 全称 gable-end)  a gable-topped wall 山墙，三角墙 2  a gable-shaped canopy over a window or door (门或窗上方的)三角形篷或雨篷 □ gabled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English gable from Old Norse gafl]

Gabon   加蓬

Gabonese /ˌgæbəˈni:z/ adj. & n.  加蓬的(人)

Gaborone /ˌgɑ:bəˈrəuni/ n.  哈博罗内 [博茨瓦纳首都]

Gabriel /ˈgeibriəl/   加布里埃尔 [人名]

gad1 /ɡæd/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (gadded, gadding) (foll. by 后跟 about, abroad, around)  go about idly or in search of pleasure 游荡，闲逛 ●n.  idle wandering or adventure (esp. in 尤用于 on the gad) 游荡，闲逛；追求刺激 [back-formation from obsolete gadling ‘companion’ from Old English gœdeling, from gœd ‘fellowship’]

gad2 /ɡæd/ int. (also 亦作 by gad) archaic  an expression of surprise or emphatic assertion [古义] (表示惊讶或强调)天哪！哎呀！  [= God]

gadabout /ˈɡædəbaʊt/ n.  a person who gads about; an idle pleasure-seeker 游手好闲的人；四处寻欢作乐的人

Gadarene /ˈɡædəri:n/ adj.  involving or engaged in headlong or suicidal rush or flight 一头朝前猛冲的，横冲直撞的 [Late Latin Gadarenus from Greek Gadarēnos ‘of Gadara’ (in ancient Palestine), with reference to Matthew 8:28 － 32]

gadfly /ˈɡædflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  a cattle-biting fly, esp. a warble fly, horsefly, or botfly 虻，牛虻 2  an irritating or harassing person 惹人讨厌的人 [from GAD1 or obsolete gad ‘goad, spike’ from Old Norse gaddr, related to YARD1]

gadget /ˈɡædʒit/ n.  any small and usu. ingenious mechanical device or tool (通常精巧的)小机械，小装置 □ gadgeteer  /-ˈtiə/ n.  □ gadgetry  n.  □ gadgety  adj.   [19th-c (nautical): origin unknown]

gadoid /ˈɡeidɔid, ˈɡæ-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine fish of the cod family Gadidae, including haddock and whiting 鳕鱼；鳕科 ●adj.  belonging to or resembling the Gadidae 鳕科的，鳕状的 [modern Latin gadus from Greek gados ‘cod’ + -OID]

gadolinite /ˈɡæd(ə)linait, ɡəˈdəʊlinait/ n.  a dark crystalline mineral consisting of ferrous silicate of beryllium 硅铍钇矿 [named after J. Gadolin, Finnish mineralogist d. 1852]

gadolinium /ɡædəˈliniəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in gadolinite (symbol 符 Gd) 【化】(化学元素)钆 [modern Latin, from GADOLINITE]

gadroon /ɡəˈdru:n/ n.  a decoration on silverware etc., consisting of convex curves in a series forming an ornamental edge like inverted fluting (银器等上的)串状凹凸刻纹装饰 □ gadrooned  adj.   [French godron: probably related to goder ‘to pucker’]

gadwall /ˈɡædwɔ:l/ n.  a brownish-grey freshwater duck, Anas strepera 赤膀鸭(一种灰褐色野鸭) [17th c.: origin unknown]

gadzooks /ɡædˈzu:ks/ int. archaic  an expression of asseveration etc. [古义]哎呀！天哪！ (用于郑重声明等) [GAD2 + zooks of unknown origin]

Gael /ɡeil/ n.  1  a Scottish Celt (苏格兰的)盖尔人 2  a Gaelic-speaking Celt (母语为盖尔语的)盖尔人 □ Gaeldom  n.   [Gaelic Gaidheal: cf. GOIDEL]

Gaelic /ˈɡeilik, ˈɡælik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a Celtic language spoken in Ireland and Scotland, esp. the Scottish variety (苏格兰和爱尔兰说的一种凯尔特语)盖尔语(尤指苏格兰人的盖尔语) ●adj.  of or relating to the Gaels or Gaelic 盖尔族的，盖尔语的

Gaeltacht /ˈɡeiltəxt/ n.  any of the regions in Ireland where the vernacular language is Irish (苏格兰境内的)爱尔兰语地区 [Irish]

gaff1 /ɡæf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a stick with an iron hook for landing large fish (拉大鱼上岸的)鱼叉，鱼钩，手钩，钩杆b  a barbed fishing spear (带倒勾的)鱼叉 2 Naut.  a spar to which the head of a fore-and-aft sail is bent 【海】桅上斜杆，斜桁 ●v. tr.  seize (a fish) with a gaff 用鱼叉叉(鱼)，用手钩拉(鱼) [Middle English from Provençal gaf ‘hook’]

gaff2 /ɡæf/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]   □ blow the gaff   let out a plot or secret 泄露阴谋(或秘密) [19th c., = nonsense: origin unknown]

gaffe /ɡæf/ n.  a blunder; an indiscreet act or remark 过失；失礼，失态，失言 [French]

gaffer /ˈɡæfə/ n.  1  an old fellow; an elderly rustic 老头子；(乡下)老头儿 2 Brit. colloq.  a foreman or boss [英口]工头，领班 3 colloq.  the chief electrician in a film or television production unit [口] (电影、电视拍摄组的)照明电工 [probably a contraction of GODFATHER]

gag /ɡæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of cloth etc. thrust into or held over the mouth to prevent speaking or crying out, or to hold it open in surgery (布等)塞口物，包口物(以使人不能说话或叫喊，或在手术中维持张口的状态) 2  a joke or comic scene in a play, film, etc., or as part of a comedian's act 插科打诨，噱头，滑稽场面，滑稽动作 3  an actor's interpolation in a dramatic dialogue 插科打诨 4  a thing or circumstance restricting free speech 限制言论自由的事物或环境 5  a  a joke or hoax 笑话；戏弄，恶作剧b  a humorous action or situation 幽默动作，幽默场面 6  an imposture or deception 哄骗，欺诈 7 Parl.  a closure or guillotine [议]终止辩论；限制辩论时间 ●v. (gagged, gagging)  1 tr.  apply a gag to 塞住(某人的)嘴，堵住(某人的)嘴 2 tr.  silence; deprive of free speech 使…缄默，剥夺…言论自由 3 tr.  apply a gag-bit to (a horse) 勒住(马的)衔 4  a intr.  choke or retch 窒息，作呕b tr.  cause to do this 使…窒息，使…作呕 5 intr. Theatr.  make gags 【戏】插科打诨 [Middle English, originally as verb: origin uncertain]

gaga /ˈɡɑ:ɡɑ:, ˈɡæɡə/ adj. slang [俚语]  1  senile 年老糊涂的，老朽的 2  fatuous; slightly crazy 愚蠢的；疯疯癫癫的 [French, = senile]

gag-bit n.  a specially powerful bit for horse-breaking (驯马用的)马衔

gage1 /ɡeidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pledge; a thing deposited as security 抵押品，担保品 2 archaic [古义]  a  a challenge to fight 挑战，挑衅b  a symbol of this, esp. a glove thrown down 挑战的象征(尤指为表示挑战而扔下的手套) ●v. tr. archaic  stake, pledge; offer as a guarantee [古义]以…作赌注，以…为担保 [Middle English from Old French gage (n.), French gager (v.), ultimately from Germanic, related to WED]

gage2 US var.  of GAUGE [美] GAUGE 的变体

gage3 /ɡeidʒ/ n.  = GREENGAGE  [abbreviation]

gaggle /ˈɡæɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flock of geese 鹅群 2 colloq.  a disorderly group of people [口]一群乱糟糟的人 ●v. intr. (of geese) cackle (鹅等)嘎嘎地叫 [Middle English, imitative: cf. gabble, cackle]

gag man n.  a deviser or performer of theatrical gags 插科打诨的演员

gagster /ˈɡæɡstə/ n.  = GAG MAN 

Gaia /ˈɡaiə/ n.  the earth viewed as a vast self-regulating organism 认为地球是一巨大自我调控有机体系的观点  Gaia hypothesis  盖亚假设 Gaia theory  盖亚理论 □ Gaian  n. & adj.   [Greek, = Earth]

gaiety /ˈɡeiəti/ n. (US [美] gayety)  1  the state of being light-hearted or merry; mirth 快乐，高兴 2  merrymaking, amusement 狂欢，喜庆 3  a bright appearance (服装的)华丽 □ gaiety of nations  Brit.  the cheerfulness or pleasure of numerous people [英]众人喜庆的气氛 [French gaieté (as GAY)]

gaijin /ɡaiˈdʒin/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同) (in Japan) a foreigner; an alien (在日本)外国人，侨民 ●adj.  foreign, alien 外国的，外国人的 [Japanese, contraction of gaikoku-jin (gaikaku ‘foreign country’, jin ‘person’)]

gaillardia /ɡeiˈlɑ:diə/ n.  any plant of the genus Gaillardia (daisy family), with showy flowers 天人菊(属) [modern Latin, named after Gaillard de Marentonneau, 18th-c. French botanist]

gaily /ˈɡeili/ adv.  1  in a gay or light-hearted manner 快活地，欢乐地 2  with a bright or colourful appearance 艳丽地，鲜艳地

gain /ɡein/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  obtain or secure (usu. something desired or favourable) 获得，赢得(通常指需要的或有利的东西)  gain an advantage  取得优势 gain recognition  赢得承认 2 tr.  acquire (a sum) as profits or as a result of changed conditions; earn 赢利，获利 3 tr.  obtain as an increment or addition 增加，提高  gain momentum  增大势头 gain weight  增加体重 4 tr.  a  win (a victory) 赢得(胜利)b  reclaim (land from the sea) 填海拓地 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  make a specified advance or improvement 提高；增加，增添；取得进展  gained in stature  提高名望 6  a intr. (of a clock etc.) have the fault of becoming fast (指钟表等)走快b tr. (of a clock etc.) become fast by (a specific amount of time) (指钟表等)快了(多少时间) 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  come closer to a person or thing pursued 逼近，接近(所追赶的人或物) 8 tr.  a  bring over to one's interest or views 引起注意；博得好感b (foll. by 后跟 over)  win by persuasion etc. 把(某人)争取过来；说服某人倒向自己一边 9 tr.  reach or arrive at (a desired place) 到达(目的地) ●n.  1  something gained, achieved, etc. 得到的东西，获取物 2  an increase of possessions etc.; a profit, advance, or improvement 增加财富等；利润，增加，进展 3  the acquisition of wealth 获取财富 4 (in pl. 用复数)  sums of money acquired by trade etc., emoluments, winnings (因经商等的)盈利；酬金；收入 5  an increase in amount 增大，增加，增进 6 Electronics 【电子学】  a  the factor by which power etc. is increased 增量b  the logarithm of this 增益 □ gain ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ gain time   improve one's chances by causing or accepting delay 用拖延等手段争取时间□ gainable  adj.  □ gainer  n.  □ gainings  n. pl.   [Old French gaigner, gaaignier ‘to till, acquire’, ultimately from Germanic]

gainful /ˈɡeinfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of employment) paid (指职业)有报酬的 2  lucrative, remunerative 赚钱的，有利可图的 □ gainfully  adv.  □ gainfulness  n.  

gainsay /ɡeinˈsei/ v. tr. (past and past part. gainsaid /-ˈsed/) archaic or literary  deny, contradict [古义] [文学用语]否认，否定；反驳，反对 □ gainsayer  n.   [Middle English from obsolete gain- ‘against’, via Old Norse gegn ‘straight’ from Germanic, + SAY]

'gainst /ɡeinst/ prep. poet. [诗]  = AGAINST  [abbreviation]

gait /ɡeit/ n.  1  a manner of walking; one's bearing or carriage as one walks 步态，步法 2  the manner of forward motion of a runner, horse, vehicle, etc. (人、马、车等的)前行姿态，动态 □ go one's (or one's own) gait   pursue one's own course 我行我素，走自己的路 [variant of GATE2]

gaiter /ˈɡeitə/ n.  a covering of cloth, leather, etc. for the leg below the knee, for the ankle, for part of a machine, etc. (布、皮等做的)鞋罩，绑腿；(机件等的)保护套 □ gaitered  adj.   [French guêtre, probably related to WRIST]

Gal. abbr.  Galatians (New Testament) [缩略] 《加拉太书》(《圣经·新约》中的一卷)

gal1 /ɡæl/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a girl [尤北美] [俚语]女孩 [representing variant pronunciation]

gal2 /ɡæl/ n. Physics  a unit of acceleration for a gravitational field, equal to one centimetre per second per second 【物理学】伽(重力加速度单位，等于 1 厘米 / 秒 2) [named after Galileo: see GALILEAN1]

gal. abbr. [缩略]  gallon(s) 

gala /ˈɡɑ:lə, ˈɡeilə/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a festive or special occasion 节日，特别场合  a gala performance  一场特别演出 2 Brit.  a festive gathering for sports, esp. swimming [英]体育盛会(尤指游泳比赛) [French or Italian via Spanish and Old French gale ‘rejoicing’ from Germanic]

galactagogue /ɡəˈlæktəɡɒɡ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  inducing a flow of milk 催乳的 ●n.  a galactagogue substance 催乳剂 [Greek gala galaktos ‘milk’ + agōgos ‘leading’]

galactic /ɡəˈlæktik/ adj.  of or relating to a galaxy or galaxies, esp. the Galaxy 星系的，特别是银河系的 [Greek galaktias, variant of galaxias: see GALAXY]

galactose /ɡəˈlæktəʊz, -s/ n.  a hexose sugar present in many polysaccharides 半乳糖 [Greek gala galaktos ‘milk’ + -OSE2]

galago /ɡəˈleiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = BUSHBABY  [modern Latin genus name]

galah /ɡəˈlɑ:/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a small rose-breasted grey-backed cockatoo, Eulophus roseicapillus 桃红鹦鹉 2 slang  a fool or simpleton [俚语]傻瓜，笨蛋 [Yuwaalaraay gilaa]

Galahad /ˈɡæləhæd/ n.  a person characterized by nobility, integrity, courtesy, etc. 品德极为高尚的人；追求崇高理想的人 [name of a knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend]

galangal var.  of GALINGALE  GALINGALE 的变体

galantine /ˈɡæl(ə)nti:n/ n.  white meat or fish boned, cooked, pressed, and served cold in aspic etc. (用禽肉或鱼肉去骨做成的)肉冻 [Middle English from Old French, alteration of galatine ‘jellied meat’ from medieval Latin galatina]

galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of many independent systems of stars, gas, dust, etc., held together by gravitational attraction 星系 2  a (作 the Galaxy)  the galaxy of which the solar system is a part (包括太阳系在内的)银河系b  = MILKY WAY  3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a brilliant company or gathering 一群杰出或著名的人物 [originally = the Milky Way: Middle English via Old French galaxie and medieval Latin galaxia, Late Latin galaxias from Greek, from gala galaktos ‘milk’]

galbanum /ˈɡælbənəm/ n.  a bitter aromatic gum resin produced from kinds of ferula 阿魏胶，古蓬香脂，波斯树脂 [Middle English via Latin from Greek khalbanē, probably of Semitic origin]

gale1 /ɡeil/ n.  1  a  a very strong wind (一阵)大风b Meteorol.  a wind of force 7 to 9 (or 10) on the Beaufort scale (32 － 54 or 32 － 63 m.p.h.) 【气】强风(蒲福风级的 7 级至 9 级，甚至 10 级大风) 2 Naut.  a storm 【海】海上的风暴 3  an outburst, esp. of laughter (尤指笑声)一阵笑声 [16th c.: origin unknown]

gale2 /ɡeil/ n. (in full 全称 sweet gale)  bog myrtle 香杨梅 [Old English gagel(le), related to Middle Dutch gaghel]

galea /ˈɡeiliə/ n. (pl. galeae /-lii:/ or -as) Bot. & Zool.  a structure like a helmet in shape, form, or function 【植】【动】盔瓣；外颚叶 □ galeate  /-iət/ adj.  □ galeated  /-ieitid/ adj.   [Latin, = helmet]

galena /ɡəˈli:nə/ n.  a bluish, grey or black mineral ore of lead sulphide Chem. formula 化学分子式 : PbS 方铅矿 [Latin, = lead ore (in a partly purified state)]

galenic /ɡəˈlenik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 galenical /-ˈlenik(ə)l/) ●adj.  1  of or relating to Galen, a Greek physician of the 2nd c. AD, or his methods (公元 2 世纪希腊医师)盖仑的；盖仑学说的 2  made of natural as opposed to synthetic components 全天然制成的 ●n.  a drug or medicament produced directly from animal or vegetable tissues 用动植物原料生产的药物制剂

galenical var.  of GALENIC  GALENIC 的变体

galia melon /ˈɡɑ:liə/ n.  a small roundish variety of melon with rough skin and orange flesh 一种外皮粗糙，肉质呈橘黄色的圆形小瓜

Galibi /ɡəˈli:bi/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Galibis)  a member of a S. American Indian people inhabiting French Guiana 卡立勃人(住在法属圭亚那地区的南美印地安人) 2  the Carib language of this people 卡立勃语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 卡立勃人的；卡立勃语的

Galilean1 /ɡæliˈli:ən/ adj.  of or relating to Galileo, Italian astronomer d. 1642, or his methods (死于 1642 年的意大利天文学家)伽利略的；伽利略发现的；伽利略学说的

Galilean2 /ɡæliˈli:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Galilee in Palestine (巴基斯坦境内)加利利的；加利利人的 2  Christian 基督徒的 ●n.  1  a native of Galilee (巴基斯坦境内的)加利利人 2  a Christian 基督徒 3 (prec. by 前接 the) derog.  Christ [贬]基督

galingale /ˈɡæliŋɡeil/ n. (also 亦作 galangal /ˈɡæl(ə)ŋɡæl/)  1  the aromatic rhizome of E. Asian plants of the genera Alpinia and Kaempferia, used in cookery and herbal medicine 良姜，山良姜 2 (in full 全称 English galingale)  a sedge, Cyperus longus, having a root with similar properties 高莎草 [Old English gallengar, Old French galingal from Arabic kalanjɑˉn, perhaps from Chinese gɑˉoliɑˊngjiɑˉng, from gɑˉoliɑˊng, a district in Guangdon Province, China + jiɑˉng ‘ginger’]

galiot var.  of GALLIOT  GALLIOT 的变体

galipot /ˈɡælipɒt/ n.  a hardened deposit of resin formed on the stem of the cluster pine 海松树脂(松属植物海松等的渗出液) [French: ultimate origin unknown]

gall1 /ɡɑ:l/ n.  1  impudence 鲁莽；厚颜 2  asperity, rancour 怨恨，怨愤 3  bitterness; anything bitter 苦味；苦的东西  gall and wormwood  胆汁和艾蒿 4  the bile of animals 动物的胆汁 5  the gall bladder and its contents 胆囊及其汁液 [Old Norse, corresponding to Old English gealla, from Germanic]

gall2 /ɡɑ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sore on the skin made by chafing 擦痛处，擦伤处 2  a  vexation, irritation 恼怒，烦恼b  a cause of this 恼怒或烦恼的原因 3  a place rubbed bare 摩损处 ●v. tr.  1  rub sore; injure by rubbing 擦痛；擦伤 2  vex, annoy, humiliate 使恼怒，使烦恼，羞辱 □ gallingly  adv.   [Old English gealla ‘sore on a horse’ related to GALL1]

gall3 /ɡɑ:l/ n.  1  a growth produced by insects or fungus etc. on plants and trees, esp. on oak 瘿，虫瘿(树木受虫害而形成的畸形瘤状物，尤指橡树) 2 (作 attrib.)  of insects producing galls 造成虫瘿的昆虫  gall-fly  瘿蚊，瘿蜂 [Middle English via Old French galle from Latin galla]

gall. abbr. [缩略]  gallon(s) 

gallant adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈɡæl(ə)nt/  1  brave, chivalrous 勇敢的；骑士风度的，豪侠的 2  a (of a ship, horse, etc.) grand, fine, stately (船、马等)高大雄伟的，魁梧的，壮丽的b archaic  finely dressed [古义]服饰华丽的 3 /ˈɡæl(ə)nt, ɡəˈlænt/  a  markedly attentive to women (对女子)殷勤的b  concerned with sexual love; amatory 色情的；爱调情的 ●n. /ˈɡæl(ə)nt, ɡəˈlænt/  1  a ladies' man; a lover or paramour 对女子献殷勤的男人；情夫或情人 2 archaic  a man of fashion; a fine gentleman [古义]时髦男人，风流男子；殷勤的绅士 ●v. /ɡəˈlænt, ˈɡæl(ə)nt/  1 tr.  flirt with 调情 2 tr.  escort (a woman) 伴送(女子)，护送(女子) 3 intr.  a  play the gallant (向…)献殷勤b (foll. by 后跟 with)  flirt 调情 □ gallantly  /ˈɡæl(ə)ntli/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French galant, part. of galer ‘make merry’]

gallantry /ˈɡæləntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bravery; dashing courage 勇敢；豪侠气 2  courtliness; devotion to women 骑士风度；对女子的殷勤 3  a polite act or speech 谦恭礼貌的举止或言行 4  the conduct of a gallant; sexual intrigue; immorality (对女子的)殷勤；风流事；道德败坏 [French galanterie (as GALLANT)]

gall bladder n.  the vessel storing bile after its secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine 胆囊

galleon /ˈɡæliən/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a ship of war (usu. Spanish) (通常指西班牙的)战船 2  a large Spanish ship used in American trade (用于与美洲进行贸易的)西班牙大帆船 3  a vessel shorter and higher than a galley 一种较大帆船短而高的舰船 [Middle Dutch galjoen from French galion, from galie ‘galley’, or from Spanish galeón]

galleria /ɡæləˈri:ə/ n.  a collection of small shops under a single roof; an arcade (小商店区装有顶棚和玻璃窗等的)风雨走廊；拱廊 [Italian]

gallery /ˈɡæl(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a room or building for showing works of art 艺术作品陈列室，艺术馆 2  a balcony, esp. a platform projecting from the inner wall of a church, hall, etc., providing extra room for spectators etc. or reserved for musicians etc. (尤指教堂、大厅等为观众或音乐家提供更多空间的)楼台，廊台  minstrels' gallery  伴唱席 3  a  the highest balcony in a theatre (剧院里)顶层楼座b  its occupants 顶层楼座观众 4  a  a covered space for walking in, partly open at the side; a portico or colonnade 走廊；柱廊b  a long narrow passage in the thickness of a wall or supported on corbels, open towards the interior of the building (通往建筑物内部的)狭长过道，门廊 5  a long narrow room, passage, or corridor 狭长的房间，过道或走廊 6 Mil. & Mining  a horizontal underground passage 【军】【采矿学】水平地下坑道，水平巷道 7  a group of spectators at a golf match etc. 一群(高尔夫球赛等的)观众 □ play to the gallery   seek to win approval by appealing to popular taste 哗众取宠；迎合低级趣味□ galleried  adj.   [French galerie via Italian galleria from medieval Latin galeria]

galleryite /ˈɡæl(ə)riait/ n.  a member of the audience in the gallery of a theatre; a playgoer 顶层楼座观众；爱看戏的人，常看戏的人

galley /ˈɡæli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 hist. [史义]  a  a low flat single-decked vessel using sails and oars, and usu. rowed by slaves or criminals (古时通常由奴隶或罪犯划桨的)帆桨并用单层平底大木船b  an ancient Greek or Roman warship with one or more banks of oars 有单排或多排桨的古希腊或古罗马战船c  a large open rowing boat, e.g. that used by the captain of a man-of-war 大型划艇(如军舰船长用艇) 2  a ship's or aircraft's kitchen 船或飞机上的厨房 3 Printing 【印刷】  a  an oblong tray for set type (长方形)活字盘b  the corresponding part of a composing machine 排版机上装活字盘的部分c (in full 全称 galley proof)  a proof in the form of long single-column strips from type in a galley, not in sheets or pages 尚未分成单页的长条校样 [Middle English via Old French galie from medieval Latin galea, medieval Greek galaia]

galley slave n.  1 hist.  a person condemned to row in a galley [史义]划桨的奴隶或囚犯 2  a drudge 苦工

galliard /ˈɡæliɑ:d, -iəd/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a lively dance usu. in triple time for two persons 轻快活泼的三拍子的双人舞 2  the music for this (此类)舞蹈的音乐 [Middle English from Old French gaillard ‘valiant’]

Gallic /ˈɡælik/ adj.  1  French or typically French 法国(人)的；典型法国(人)的 2  of the Gauls; Gaulish 高卢的；高卢人 □ Gallicize  /-saiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin Gallicus from Gallus ‘a Gaul’]

gallic acid /ˈɡælik/ n. Chem.  an acid extracted from gallnuts etc., formerly used in making ink 【化】五倍子酸，没食子酸 [French gallique from galle GALL3]

gallice /ˈɡælisi/ adv.  in French 用法语，用法语讲 [Latin, = in Gaulish]

Gallicism /ˈɡælisiz(ə)m/ n.  a French idiom, esp. one adopted in another language (尤指已被其他语言采用的)法国习语 [French gallicisme (as GALLIC)]

galligaskins /ɡæliˈɡæskinz/ n. pl. Brit. hist. or joc.  breeches, trousers [英史义] [诙] (16 至 17 世纪时的)宽大马裤；裤子 [originally wide hose of the 16th － 17th c., from obsolete French garguesque, variant of greguesque, from Italian grechesca, fem. of grechesco ‘Greek’: origin of first element unknown]

gallimaufry /ɡæliˈmɔ:fri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a heterogeneous mixture; a jumble or medley 大杂烩；混合 [French galimafrée, of unknown origin]

gallinaceous /ɡæliˈneiʃəs/ adj.  of or relating to the order Galliformes, which includes domestic poultry, pheasants, partridges, etc. 鸡形目的，鹑鸡类的，家禽的 [Latin gallinaceus via gallina ‘hen’ from gallus ‘cock’]

gallinule /ˈɡælinju:l/ n.  1  a moorhen 秧鸡，黑水鸡 2  any of various similar birds of the genus Porphyrula or Porphyrio 紫水鸡属的鸟类 [modern Latin gallinula, diminutive of Latin gallina ‘hen’, from gallus ‘cock’]

galliot /ˈɡæliət/ n. (also 亦作 galiot)  1  a single-masted Dutch cargo boat or fishing vessel (荷兰的)浅水单桅货船或鱼船 2 hist.  a small (usu. Mediterranean) galley [史义] (通常指地中海地区的)桨帆并用轻快小船 [Middle English via Old French galiote and Italian galeotta from medieval Latin galea ‘galley’]

gallipot /ˈɡælipɒt/ n.  a small pot of earthenware, metal, etc., used for ointments etc. 陶制或金属制的小药(膏)罐 [probably GALLEY + POT1, because brought in galleys from the Mediterranean]

gallium /ˈɡæliəm/ n. Chem.  a soft bluish-white metallic element occurring naturally in zinc blende, bauxite, and kaolin (symbol 符 Ga) 【化】(化学元素)镓 [modern Latin from Latin Gallia ‘France’ (so named patriotically by its discoverer Lecoq de Boisbaudran d. 1912)]

gallivant /ˈɡælivænt, ɡæliˈvænt/ v. intr. colloq. [口]  1  gad about 游荡，闲荡 2  flirt 调情 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

galliwasp /ˈɡæliwɒsp/ n.  a W. Indian lizard, Diploglossus monotropis (西印度群岛产)单棱双舌蜥 [17th c.: origin unknown]

gallnut /ˈɡɔ:lnʌt/ n.  = GALL3 1 

Gallo- /ˈɡæləʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  French; French and 法国(语)的，法国(语)的和… 2  Gaul (Gallo-Roman 高卢罗马人) 高卢的 [Latin Gallus ‘a Gaul’]

gallon /ˈɡælən/ n.  1  a (in full 全称 imperial gallon) Brit.  a measure of capacity equal to eight pints and equivalent to 4.55 litres, used for liquids and corn etc. [英]加仑(用于液体等的计量单位，等于 8 品脱或 4.55 升)b US  a measure of capacity equivalent to 3.79 litres, used for liquids [美]加仑(用于液体的计量单位，等于 3.79 升) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a large amount [口]大量 □ gallonage  n.   [Middle English via Old Norman French galon, Old French jalon, from base of medieval Latin gallēta, gallētum, perhaps of Celtic origin]

galloon /ɡəˈlu:n/ n.  a narrow closely woven braid of gold, silver, silk, cotton, nylon, etc., for binding dresses etc. (镶边、装饰或结扎用的)金银(或布、尼龙)花边、丝带 [French galon from galonner ‘trim with braid’, of unknown origin]

gallop /ˈɡæləp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the fastest pace of a horse or other quadruped, with all the feet off the ground together in each stride (马等的)飞奔，疾驰 2  a ride at this pace 策马奔驰 3 Brit.  a track or ground for this [英]跑马场，马的跑道 ●v. (galloped, galloping)  1  a intr. (of a horse etc. or its rider) go at the pace of a gallop (马等的)疾驰，飞奔b tr.  make (a horse etc.) gallop 使疾驰，使飞奔 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, over)  read, recite, or talk at great speed 匆匆地读、背或说 3 intr.  move or progress rapidly 飞速发展，迅猛增加  galloping inflation  物价飞涨 □ at a gallop   at the pace of a gallop 以最快速度，飞快地，急速地□ galloper  n.   [Old French galop, galoper: see WALLOP]

galloway /ˈɡæləwei/ n.  1  an animal of a breed of hornless usu. black beef cattle from Galloway in SW Scotland, or (in full 全称 belted galloway) of a variety of this marked with a broad white band 盖勒韦牛(苏格兰西南部盖勒韦地区产的一种肥矮无角菜牛) 2  this breed 盖勒韦种牛

gallows /ˈɡæləʊz/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  a structure, usu. of two uprights and a crosspiece, for the hanging of criminals 绞架，绞刑架 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  execution by hanging 绞刑 [Old English gealga, reinforced by Old Norse gɑˊlgi]

gallows humour n.  grim and ironical humour 愤世嫉俗的幽默

gallstone /ˈɡɔ:lstəʊn/ n.  a small hard mass formed in the gall bladder or bile ducts from bile pigments, cholesterol, and calcium salts 胆石

Gallup poll /ˈɡæləp/ n.  an assessment of public opinion by questioning a representative sample, esp. as the basis for forecasting the results of voting (尤指为预测大选结果而进行的)盖洛普民意测验 [named after G. H. Gallup, American statistician d. 1984]

galluses /ˈɡæləsiz/ n. pl. dial. & US  trouser-braces [方] [美] (裤子的)背带，吊带 [pl. of gallus, variant of GALLOWS]

gall wasp n.  a gall-forming insect of the hymenopteran superfamily Cynipoidea 瘿蜂 [GALL3]

galoot /ɡəˈlu:t/ n. colloq.  a person, esp. a strange or clumsy one [口] (尤指)怪人，蠢人 [19th-c. nautical slang: origin unknown]

galop /ˈɡæləp, ɡəˈlɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lively dance in duple time 加洛普舞(一种轻快的二拍子舞蹈) 2  the music for this 加洛普舞曲 ●v. intr. (galoped, galoping)  perform this dance 跳加洛普舞 [French: see GALLOP]

galore /ɡəˈlɔ:/ adv.  in abundance 很多，大量 placed after noun 置于名词后 : flowers galore  很多鲜花 [Irish go leór ‘to sufficiency’]

galosh /ɡəˈlɒʃ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a waterproof overshoe, usu. of rubber 高筒橡胶套靴 [Middle English via Old French galoche from Late Latin gallicula ‘small Gallic shoe’]

galumph /ɡəˈlʌmf/ v. intr. colloq. [口]  1  move noisily or clumsily 脚步声嘈杂地行进；笨拙地行进 2  go prancing in triumph 得意洋洋、连跑带跳地行进 [coined by Lewis Carroll (in sense 2), perhaps from GALLOP + TRIUMPH]

galvanic /ɡælˈvænik/ adj.  1  a  sudden and remarkable 突然而剧烈的；令人震惊的  had a galvanic effect  产生令人震撼的效果b  stimulating; full of energy 令人振奋激动的；激励的 2  involving electricity produced by chemical action (由化学作用)产生电流的 □ galvanically  adv.  

galvanism /ˈɡælvəniz(ə)m/ n. hist. [史义]  1  electricity produced by chemical action (由原电池产生的)电 2  the therapeutic use of electricity 电疗法 □ galvanist  n.   [French galvanisme, named after L. Galvani, Italian physiologist d. 1798]

galvanize /ˈɡælvənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  rouse forcefully, esp. by shock or excitement (尤指因震惊或刺激而)振奋、激动  was galvanized into action  受到刺激而行动起来 2  stimulate by or as if by electricity 被电击或似被电击 3  coat (iron) with zinc (usu. without the use of electricity) as a protection against rust (给铁)镀锌以防锈(通常不用电) □ galvanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ galvanizer  n.   [French galvaniser: see GALVANISM]

galvanometer /ɡælvəˈnɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for detecting and measuring small electric currents 电流计，电流检测器 □ galvanometric  /-nəˈmetrik/ adj.  

gambade /ɡæmˈbeid, -ˈbɑ:d/ n. (also 亦作 gambado /-ˈbeidəʊ, -ˈbɑ:dəʊ/) (pl. gambades; -os or -oes)  1  a horse's leap or bound (马等的)跳跃 2  a fantastic movement 怪异举动，荒唐行为 3  an escapade 恶作剧，越规行为 [French gambade & Spanish gambado from Italian & Spanish gamba ‘leg’]

Gambia /ˈgæmbiə/ n.  冈比亚 [非洲]

Gambian /ˈgæmbiən/ adj. & n.  冈比亚的(人)

gambier /ˈɡæmbiə/ n.  an astringent extract of a tropical Asiatic plant used in tanning etc. 黑儿茶，棕儿茶(亚洲热带地区植物黑儿茶的提取物) [Malay gambir, the name of the plant]

gambit /ˈɡæmbit/ n.  1  a chess opening in which a player sacrifices a piece or pawn to secure an advantage 开局让棋法(国际象棋中开局时牺牲一两个子以取得优势的下棋法) 2  an opening move in a discussion etc. (讨论时的)开场白，话题 3  a trick or device 精心策划的一招；策略 [earlier gambett from Italian gambetto ‘tripping up’, from gamba ‘leg’]

gamble /ˈɡæmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  play games of chance for money, esp. for high stakes 赌博 2 tr.  a  bet (a sum of money) in gambling 赌钱，打赌b (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  lose (assets) by gambling 赌掉，输光 3 intr.  take great risks in the hope of substantial gain 打赌；冒险 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  act in the hope or expectation of 投机，冒险，碰运气  gambled on fine weather  期望天气晴好 ●n.  1  a risky undertaking or attempt 投机，冒险，碰运气 2  a spell or an act of gambling 打赌，赌博 □ gambler  n.   [obsolete gamel ‘to sport’ or gamen GAME1]

gamboge /ɡæmˈbəʊʒ, -ˈbu:ʒ/ n.  a gum resin produced by various E. Asian trees and used as a yellow pigment and as a purgative (用东亚多种树木制作的可用于染色和通便的)藤黄树脂 [modern Latin gambaugium from Cambodia (now Kampuchea) in SE Asia]

gambol /ˈɡæmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (gambolled, gambolling; US [美] gamboled, gamboling)  skip or frolic playfully 蹦跳；嬉戏 ●n.  a playful frolic 嬉戏，玩笑 [GAMBADE]

gambrel /ˈɡæmbr(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 gambrel roof)  1 Brit.  a roof like a hipped roof but with gable-like ends [英]斜折线形屋顶 2 US [美]  = CURB ROOF  [Old Norman French gamberel, via gambier ‘forked stick’ from gambe ‘leg’ (from the resemblance to the shape of a horse's hind leg)]

game1 /ɡeim/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a form or spell of play or sport, esp. a competitive one played according to rules and decided by skill, strength, or luck 游戏；运动 2  a single portion of play forming a scoring unit in some contests, e.g. bridge or tennis (桥牌或网球等的)一局，一盘，一场 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a Brit.  athletics or sports as organized in a school etc. [英] (在学校等组织的)体育活动b  a meeting for athletic etc. contests 运动会，体育比赛，竞赛  Olympic Games  奥林匹克运动会 4  a winning score in a game; the state of the score in a game 比分；得分情况  the game is two all  比分是 2 比 2 5  the equipment for a game 运动器械；游戏设备 6  one's level of achievement in a game, as specified 参赛水平；比赛技巧  played a good game  在比赛中发挥良好 7  a  a piece of fun; a jest 玩笑；笑话  was only playing a game with you  不过是和你开个玩笑而已b (in pl. 用复数)  dodges, tricks 花招，把戏  none of your games!  别耍滑头了！ 8  a scheme or undertaking etc. regarded as a game 策略，计谋  so that's your game  原来那就是你的鬼主意 9  a policy or line of action 方针，行动步骤 10 (collect. 集合名词)  a  wild animals or birds hunted for sport or food 猎物b  the flesh of these 野味，猎味 11  a hunted animal; a quarry or object of pursuit or attack 猎物；追求或攻击的目标 12  a kept flock of swans (被饲养天鹅的)一群 ●adj.  1  spirited; eager and willing 跃跃欲试的，好斗的，有勇气的 2 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  having the spirit or energy; eagerly prepared 敢作敢为的，有勇气的，心甘情愿的 ●v. intr.  play at games of chance for money; gamble 赌钱，赌博 □ the game is up   the scheme is revealed or foiled (指从事的计划或阴谋)败露了，不可能成功了□ make game (or a game) of   mock, taunt 嘲笑奚落□ off (or on) one's game   playing badly (or well) 竞技状态差(或好)□ on the game  Brit. slang  involved in prostitution or thieving [英] [俚语]卖淫，行窃□ play the game   behave fairly or according to the rules 光明正大，办事公道；遵守规则□ gamely  adv.  □ gameness  n.  □ gamester  n.   [Old English gamen]

game2 /ɡeim/ adj. (of a leg, arm, etc.) lame, crippled (腿、臂等)跛的；残疾的 [18th-c. dialect: origin unknown]

game bird n.  1  a bird shot for sport or food 可捕猎的鸟 2  a bird of the order Galliformes, which includes pheasants, grouse, etc. (包括雉、野鸡、松鸡等在内的)鸡形目的鸟类

gamebook /ˈɡeimbʊk/ n.  a book for recording game killed in sport 捕获猎物记录簿

Game Boy n. propr.  a hand-held electronic device with a small screen, used to play cartridge computer games [商标]一种带有小屏幕的手持游戏机

gamecock /ˈɡeimkɒk/ n. (also 亦作 gamefowl /-faʊl/)  a cock bred and trained for cockfighting 斗鸡(指经过训练用来斗鸡的公鸡)

game fish n.  a kind of fish caught for sport 准许作为娱乐活动捕钓的鱼

gamekeeper /ˈɡeimki:pə/ n.  a person employed to breed and protect game 负责繁殖和看管猎物的人 □ gamekeeping  n.  

gamelan /ˈɡæməlæn/ n.  a type of orchestra found in Java and Bali, with a wide range of bronze percussion instruments (爪哇和巴厘岛的以木琴和打击乐器为主的)木琴乐队 [Javanese]

game of chance n.  a game decided by luck, not skill 靠运气而非技能决定胜负的游戏

game plan n.  1  a winning strategy worked out in advance for a particular match (为专门比赛而提前制定的)取胜战术 2  a plan of campaign, esp. in politics (尤指政治方面的)策略，对策

game point n. Tennis  etc. a point which, if won, would win the game 【网球】赛点

gamer /ˈɡeimə/ n.  a person who plays a game or games (参加比赛的)人员，运动员

game show n.  a television light-entertainment programme in which people compete in a game or quiz, often for prizes (电视节目中常以得奖为目的的)比赛或智力竞赛节目

gamesman /ˈɡeimzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an exponent of gamesmanship 擅长在比赛中使用(以心理优势压倒对手的)克敌制胜术的能手

gamesmanship /ˈɡeimzmənʃip/ n.  the art or practice of winning games or other contests by gaining a psychological advantage over an opponent 在比赛或竞技中(以心理优势压倒对手的)克敌制胜术

gamesome /ˈɡeims(ə)m/ adj.  merry, sportive 快乐的；爱玩耍的 □ gamesomely  adv.  □ gamesomeness  n.  

gametangium /ɡæmiˈtæn(d)ʒiəm/ n. (pl. gametangia /-dʒiə/) Bot.  an organ in which gametes are formed 【植】配子囊 [as GAMETE + Greek aggeion ‘vessel’]

gamete /ˈɡæmi:t/ n. Biol.  a mature germ cell able to unite with another in sexual reproduction 【生】配子 □ gametic  /ɡəˈmetik/ adj.   [modern Latin gameta from Greek gametē ‘wife’, from gamos ‘marriage’]

game theory n. (also 亦作 games theory)  the mathematical analysis of competitive strategies where choices depend on the actions of others, e.g. in war, economics, games of skill, etc. (数学上的)对策论；博弈论

gameto- /ɡəˈmi:təʊ/ comb. form Biol.  gamete [构词成分]【生】配子

gametocyte /ɡəˈmi:tə(ʊ)sait/ n. Biol.  any cell that is in the process of developing into one or more gametes 【生】配子(母)细胞

gametogenesis /ɡəˌmi:təʊˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the process by which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes 【生】配子形成，配子发生，配子发育

gametophyte /ɡəˈmi:tə(ʊ)fait/ n.  the gamete-producing form of a plant that has alternation of generations between this and the asexual form (sporophyte) 配子体 □ gametophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.  

game warden n.  an official locally supervising game and hunting (一个地区的)渔猎法执法官，狩猎警察

gamin /ˈɡæmin, -mã/ n.  1  a street urchin 街头流浪儿 2  an impudent child 没礼貌的、粗鲁的孩子 [French]

gamine /ɡæˈmi:n/ n.  1  a girl gamin 女流浪儿 2  a girl with mischievous or boyish charm 调皮的女孩；男孩气的女孩，假小子 [French]

gaming house n.  a place frequented for gambling; a casino 赌场；赌城

gaming table n.  a table used for gambling 赌台

gamma /ˈɡæmə/ n.  1  the third letter of the Greek alphabet (Γ , γ) 希腊字母表的第三个字母(Γ , γ) 2 Brit.  a third-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination [英] (考试成绩的)第三等分数 3 (作 Gamma) Astron.  the third (usu. third-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive 后跟拉丁语所有格 ; Gamma Orionis) 【天】 γ 星；伽玛星；(一个)星座中亮度是第三位的星 4  the third member of a series (一系列中的)第三个 [Middle English from Greek]

gamma globulin n.  a mixture of blood plasma proteins, mainly immunoglobulins, of relatively low electrophoretic mobility, often given to boost immunity 丙种球蛋白

gamma radiation n. (also 亦作 gamma rays)  electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength emitted by some radioactive substances 伽玛辐射，伽玛射线

gammer /ˈɡæmə/ n. Brit. archaic  an old woman, esp. as a rustic name [英古义] (尤指乡下)老太婆 [probably contraction of GODMOTHER: cf. GAFFER]

gammon1 /ˈɡæmən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the bottom piece of a flitch of bacon including a hind leg 熏猪肋肉(连带后腿) 2  the ham of a pig cured like bacon 腌猪后腿 ●v. tr.  cure (bacon) 腌制；熏制 [Old Norman French gambon from gambe ‘leg’: cf. JAMB]

gammon2 /ˈɡæmən/ n. & v. ●n.  a victory in backgammon (carrying a double score) in which the winner removes all his or her pieces before the loser has removed any (西洋双陆战棋的)全胜 ●v. tr.  defeat in this way 以全胜打败对手 [apparently = Middle English gamen GAME1]

gammon3 /ˈɡæmən/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  humbug, deception 花招；谎言；欺骗 ●v.  1 intr.  a  talk speciously 胡说八道b  pretend 装假 2 tr.  hoax, deceive 欺骗，愚弄 [18th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps from or related to GAMMON2]

gammy /ˈɡæmi/ adj. (gammier, gammiest) Brit. colloq. (esp. of a leg) lame; permanently injured [英口] (尤指腿等)跛的；残疾的 [dialect form of GAME2]

gamp /ɡæmp/ n. Brit. colloq.  an umbrella, esp. a large unwieldy one [英口] (尤指使用不灵便的)大伞 [Mrs Gamp in Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit, who carried such an umbrella]

gamut /ˈɡæmət/ n.  1  the whole series or range or scope of anything 整个范围；全部  the whole gamut of crime  犯罪的全过程 2 Mus. 【音】  a  the whole series of notes used in medieval or modern music (中世纪或现代音乐的)全音阶，全音域b  a major diatonic scale 不含半音阶的主要音阶c  a people's or a period's recognized scale 人(或某一阶段)公认的音域d  a voice's or instrument's compass 喉咙或乐器的音域 3 Mus.  the lowest note in the medieval sequence of hexachords, = modern G on the lowest line of the bass staff 【音】中世纪六音音阶上的最低音符，相当于低音贝斯上现代音乐的 G 音 □ run the gamut of   experience or perform the complete range of 整个经历；经历全部过程 [medieval Latin gamma ut from GAMMA, taken as the name for a note one tone lower than A of the classical scale, + ut, the first of six arbitrary names of notes forming the hexachord, being syllables (ut, re, mi, fa, so, la) of the Latin hymn beginning (Ut queant laxis)]

gamy /ˈɡeimi/ adj. (gamier, gamiest)  1  having the flavour or scent of game kept till it is high 有(变质)野味味道的；有臭味的 2 N. Amer.  scandalous, sensational [北美]臭名昭著的；耸人听闻的 3  = GAME1adj.  □ gamily  adv.  □ gaminess  n.  

gander /ˈɡændə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a male goose 雄鹅 2 slang  a look, a glance [俚语]一眼，一瞥  take a gander  看一眼 ●v. intr.  look or glance 看，瞥 [Old English gandra, related to GANNET]

gang1 /ɡæŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. for criminal purposes (尤指为犯罪目的而)经常结伴往来的一帮人，一伙人b colloq.  such a band pursuing a purpose causing disapproval [口] (尤指流氓、歹徒的)一帮，一伙 2  a set of workers, slaves, or prisoners (劳动者、奴隶、囚犯等的)一队，一组，一群 3  a set of tools arranged to work simultaneously (工具等的)一套 ●v. tr.  arrange (tools etc.) to work in coordination 使(工具等)成套运转 □ gang up  colloq. [口]  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  act in concert 结成一伙，联合行动 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  combine against 结伙反对 [originally = going, journey, from Old Norse gangr, ganga GOING, corresponding to Old English gang]

gang2 /ɡæŋ/ v. intr. Sc.  go [苏格兰]行走，去 □ gang agley  (of a plan etc.) go wrong (指计划等)失败，出差错 [Old English gangan: cf. GANG1]

gang-bang n. slang  an occasion on which several men successively have sexual intercourse with one woman [俚语]轮奸妇女

gangboard /ˈɡæŋbɔ:d/ n.  = GANGPLANK 

ganger /ˈɡæŋə/ n. Brit.  the foreman of a gang of workers, esp. navvies [英] (尤指工地上的)工头，监工

Ganges /ˈgændʒi:z/ n.  恒河 [亚洲]

gangland /ˈɡæŋlænd/ n.  the world of gangs and gangsters 盗匪世界；歹徒充斥的地方

gangle /ˈɡæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. intr.  move ungracefully (四肢等)笨拙地移动或行进 [back-formation from GANGLING]

gangling /ˈɡæŋɡliŋ/ adj. (of a person) loosely built; lanky (指人)散架似的；瘦长得难看的 [frequentative of GANG2]

ganglion /ˈɡæŋɡliən/ n. (pl. ganglia /-liə/ or ganglions)  1  a  an enlargement or knot on a nerve etc. containing an assemblage of nerve cells 神经节b  a mass of grey matter in the central nervous system forming a nerve-nucleus 神经元 2 Med.  a cyst, esp. on a tendon sheath 【医】腱鞘囊肿 3  a centre of activity or interest (活动或兴趣的)中心 □ gangliar  adj.  □ gangliform  adj.  □ ganglionated  adj.  □ ganglionic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Greek gagglion]

gangly /ˈɡæŋɡli/ adj. (ganglier, gangliest)  = GANGLING 

gangplank /ˈɡæŋplæŋk/ n.  a movable plank usu. with cleats nailed on it for boarding or disembarking from a ship etc. (上下船用的)跳板；步桥

gang rape n.  the successive rape of a person by a group of people 轮奸 □ gang-rape  v. tr.  

gangrene /ˈɡæŋɡri:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Med.  death and decomposition of a part of the body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacterial infection 【医】坏疽 2  moral corruption 道德败坏 ●v. tr. & intr.  affect or become affected with gangrene (使)生坏疽 □ gangrenous  /ˈɡæŋɡrinəs/ adj.   [French gangrène via Latin gangraena from Greek gaggraina]

gang show n.  a variety show performed annually by members of the Scout Association and Guide Association (由男童子军和女童子军协会举办的每年一度的)系列演出

gangsta /ˈɡæŋstə/ n.  1 slang [俚语]  = GANGSTER  2 (in full 全称 gangsta rap)  a type of rap music featuring aggressive macho lyrics, often with reference to gang warfare, gun battles, etc. 一种(表现攻击型男人气概并常以流氓群架和枪战等为主题的)说唱音乐 [corruption of GANGSTER]

gangster /ˈɡæŋstə/ n.  a member of a gang of violent criminals 流氓，歹徒 □ gangsterism  n.  

gangue /ɡæŋ/ n.  valueless earth etc. in which ore is found 脉石 [French from German Gang ‘course, lode’, related to GANG1]

gangway /ˈɡæŋwei/ n. & int. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a passage, esp. between rows of seats 座间甬道，通道 2  a  an opening in the bulwarks by which a ship is entered or left 舷梯；舷门b  a bridge laid from ship to shore (上下船用的)跳板；步桥c  a passage on a ship, esp. a platform connecting the quarterdeck and forecastle 上甲板两侧的过道 3  a temporary bridge on a building site etc. (工地等处用木板搭成的)临时过桥 ●int.  make way! 让路

ganister /ˈɡænistə/ n.  a close-grained hard siliceous stone found in the coal measures of northern England, and used for furnace-linings (发现于英格兰北部可用于炼炉内壁的)致密硅岩；硅岩 [19th c.: origin unknown]

ganja /ˈɡæn(d)ʒə, ˈɡɑ:-/ n.  marijuana 印度大麻 [Hindi gɑˉnjhɑˉ]

gannet /ˈɡænit/ n.  1  a large seabird of the genus Sula, esp. Sula bassana, which catches fish by plunge-diving 鲱鸟，塘鹅(一种以扎水方式捕食鱼类的大型海鸟) 2 Brit. colloq.  a greedy person [英口]贪婪的人 □ gannetry  n. (pl. -ies)   [Old English ganot from Germanic, related to GANDER]

ganoid /ˈɡænɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of fish scales) enamelled; smooth and bright (指鱼鳞)似釉质的，光鳞的 2  having ganoid scales 硬鳞的，光鳞的 ●n.  a fish having ganoid scales 硬鳞鱼，光鳞鱼 [French ganoïde from Greek ganos ‘brightness’]

gantlet US var.  of GAUNTLET2 [美] GAUNTLET2 的变体

gantry /ˈɡæntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an overhead structure with a platform supporting a travelling crane, or railway or road signals (移动起重机、铁路或公路信号的)起重台架 2  a structure supporting a space rocket prior to launching (火箭或导弹的)竖立和维护井架 3 (also 亦作 gauntry /ˈɡɔ:ntri/)  a wooden stand for barrels (木制的)桶架 [probably from gawn, dialect form of GALLON, + TREE]

gaol Brit. var.  of JAIL [英] JAIL 的变体

gaoler Brit. var.  of JAILER [英] JAILER 的变体

gap /ɡæp/ n.  1  an unfilled space or interval; a blank; a break in continuity 间隔，空隙，间断 2  a breach in a hedge, fence, or wall (篱笆围墙、墙壁上的)豁口，裂口，缺口 3  a wide (usu. undesirable) divergence in views, sympathies, development, etc. (通常指不希望发生的意见、情感等方面的)分歧，差距，距离  generation gap  代沟 4  a gorge or pass 峡谷，山口， □ fill (or close etc.) a gap   make up a deficiency 弥补不足，填补空白□ gapped  adj.  □ gappy  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse, = chasm, related to GAPE]

gape /ɡeip/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  open one's mouth wide, esp. in amazement or wonder 目瞪口呆b  be or become wide open 张开，张大 2 (foll. by 后跟 at)  gaze curiously or wondrously 好奇或惊讶地注视 3  split; part asunder 裂开，张开 4  yawn 打哈欠 ●n.  1  an open-mouthed stare 咧嘴凝视 2  a yawn 哈欠 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  a  a disease of birds with gaping as a symptom, caused by infestation with gapeworm (鸟类因张口病线虫感染而引起的)裂口病b joc.  a fit of yawning [诙]一阵哈欠 4  a  an expanse of open mouth or beak (口或鸟的)张开度，张开的宽度b  the part of a beak that opens 嘴裂，喙裂 5  a rent or opening 豁口，开口 □ gapingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old Norse gapa]

gaper /ˈɡeipə/ n.  1  any bivalve mollusc of the genus Mya, with the shell open at one or both ends 双贝壳类(如贻贝或蛤) 2  the comber, which gapes when dead 死后张口的蛤蜊 3  a person who gapes 打哈欠的人，张口呆看的人

gapeworm /ˈɡeipwɜ:m/ n.  a nematode worm of the family Syngamidae that infests the trachea and bronchi of birds and causes the gapes 张口病线虫

gap-toothed adj.  having gaps between the teeth 牙缝稀的，牙缝大的

gar /ɡɑ:/ n.  = GARFISH 2 

garage /ˈɡærɑ:(d)ʒ, -idʒ, ɡəˈrɑ:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building or shed for housing a motor vehicle or vehicles 车库，车房 2  an establishment which sells petrol etc., or repairs and sells motor vehicles, or does both 加油站；修车和汽车零件商店；兼卖汽车零件和修车的加油站 3  a (also 亦作 garage rock)  unpolished energetic rock music associated with suburban amateur bands (一种有乡村业余乐队演奏的未经加工、充满活力的)摇滚乐 often 常作 attrib.: garage band  车库摇滚b  soul-influenced house music 受灵乐影响的室内音乐 ●v. tr.  put or keep (a motor vehicle) in a garage 将(机动车)放入或存入车库 [French from garer ‘shelter’; sense 3b from Paradise Garage, the name of a Manhattan dance club]

garage sale n. esp. N. Amer.  a sale of miscellaneous household goods, usu. for charity, held in the garage of a private house [尤北美]宅前旧货出售(在私人住宅的车库进行的，通常以慈善捐赠为目的)

garam masala /ɡʌrəm məˈsɑ:lə/ n.  a spice mixture used in Indian cookery 印度烹饪中使用的一种混合调料 [Urdu garam maṣɑˉlaḥ]

garb /ɡɑ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  clothing, esp. of a distinctive kind 服装(尤指有特色的服装) 2  the way a person is dressed 穿着样式 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive or refl. 通常用被动或反身)  put (esp. distinctive) clothes on (a person) 穿，装扮(尤指给某人穿上特殊的服装) 2  attire 穿著，衣着 [obsolete French garbe from Italian garbo, from Germanic, related to GEAR]

garbage /ˈɡɑ:bidʒ/ n.  1  a  refuse, filth 废料，垃圾，污物b  domestic waste (家庭)垃圾 2  foul or rubbishy literature etc. 垃圾文学，无聊文章 3  a  nonsense 废话，无聊的话b Computing  incorrect or useless data 【计算】无用的数据  garbage in, garbage out  无用输入—无用输出 [Anglo-French: origin unknown]

garbage bin n. esp. Austral.  a dustbin [尤澳]垃圾筒，垃圾箱

garbage can n. N. Amer.  a dustbin [北美]垃圾筒，垃圾箱

garble /ˈɡɑ:b(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  unintentionally distort or confuse (facts, messages, etc.) 无意中歪曲或混淆(事实、意思等) 2  a  mutilate in order to misrepresent 篡改b  make (usu. unfair or malicious) selections from (facts, statements, etc.) 断章取义，任意窜改(事实、言论等) □ garbler  n.   [Italian garbellare from Arabic ɡ̇arbala ‘sift’, perhaps via Late Latin cribellare ‘to sieve’ from Latin cribrum ‘sieve’]

garboard /ˈɡɑ:bɔ:d/ n. (in full 全称 garboard strake)  the first range of planks or plates laid on a ship's bottom next to the keel 龙骨翼板 [Dutch gaarboord, perhaps from garen GATHER + boord BOARD]

garbologist /ɡɑ:ˈbɒlədʒist/ n.  1  a person who studies the discarded rubbish of society 垃圾处理研究人员 2 joc.  a dustman, a refuse collector [诙]垃圾清洁工，垃圾工 □ garbology  n.   [GARBAGE + -LOGIST]

Garda /ˈɡɑ:də/ n.  1  the state police force of the Irish Republic 爱尔兰警察部队 2 (also 亦作 garda) (pl. -dai /-di:/)  a member of this 爱尔兰警察或卫兵 [Irish Garda Síochɑˊna ‘Civic Guard’]

garden /ˈɡɑ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a piece of ground, usu. partly grassed and adjoining a private house, used for growing flowers, fruit, or vegetables, and as a place of recreation [尤英]庭院；花园；菜园；果园 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  ornamental grounds laid out for public enjoyment 公园，(动、植物)园  botanical gardens  植物园 3  a similar place with the service of refreshments 露天饮食店  tea garden  茶园 4 (作 attrib.)  a (of plants) cultivated, not wild (指植物)栽培的，种植的，非野生的b  for use in a garden 用于花园或庭院的  garden seat  花园座椅 5 (usu. in pl. prec. by a name 通常用复数，前接名称) Brit.  a street, square, etc. [英]街道，广场等  Onslow Gardens  昂斯洛广场 6  an especially fertile region 土地肥沃的地区，沃土区 7 US  a large public hall [美]公共大厅 8 (作 the Garden)  the philosophy or school of Epicurus 古希腊伊壁鸠鲁 (Epicurus) 哲学流派 ●v. intr.  cultivate or work in a garden 从事园艺活动，种植花木 □ gardening  n.   [Middle English from Old Norman French gardin (Old French jardin), ultimately from Germanic: cf. YARD2]

garden centre n.  an establishment where plants and garden equipment etc. are sold (出售各种植物、种子、园艺工具等的)花卉店

garden city n.  an industrial or other town laid out systematically with spacious surroundings, parks, etc. (多空地、种有大量花草树木的)花园城市

garden cress n.  a cruciferous plant, Lepidium sativum, used in salads 独行菜(十字花科，可用于做沙拉)

gardener /ˈɡɑ:dnə/ n.  a person who gardens or is employed to tend a garden 园丁，花匠，园艺爱好者 [Middle English, ultimately from Old French jardinier (as GARDEN)]

gardener-bird n.  a bowerbird making a ‘garden’ of moss etc. in front of a bower (在花园的阴凉处活动的)造园鸟

gardenia /ɡɑ:ˈdi:niə/ n.  any tree or shrub of the genus Gardenia, with large white or yellow flowers and usu. a fragrant scent 栀子树，栀子花灌木(栀子花属，开大朵白花或黄花，通常有香味) [modern Latin, named after Dr A. Garden, Scots naturalist d. 1791]

garden party n.  a social event held on a lawn or in a garden 花园聚会

garden suburb n. Brit.  a suburb laid out spaciously with open spaces, parks, etc. [英] (多空地、种有大量花草树木的)市郊

garden warbler n.  a European woodland songbird, Sylvia borin 园莺(一种生长在欧洲林地喜爱鸣叫的鸟)

Gareth /ˈgærəθ/   加雷思 [人名]

garfish /ˈɡɑ:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any mainly marine fish of the family Belonidae, esp. Belone belone, having long beaklike jaws with sharp teeth also called 亦称作 needlefish (长颌硬鳞的)针鱼；(尤指)腭针鱼(颌长且有利齿) 2 US  any similar freshwater fish of the genus Lepisosteus, with ganoid scales also called 亦称作 gar or garpike [美] (任何类似的淡水长颌)针鱼 3 NZ & Austral.  either of two marine fish of the genus Hemiramphus also called 亦称作 half-beak [新澳]属鲣鱼科的任何前述两种鱼类 [apparently from Old English gɑˉr ‘spear’ + fisc FISH1]

garganey /ˈɡɑ:ɡ(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -eys)  a small duck, Anas querquedula, the drake of which has a white stripe from the eye to the neck 白眉鸭，巡鸟 [Italian, dialect variant of garganello]

gargantuan /ɡɑ:ˈɡæntjʊən/ adj.  enormous, gigantic 庞大的，巨大的 [the name of a giant in Rabelais' book Gargantua (1534)]

garget /ˈɡɑ:ɡit/ n.  1  inflammation of a cow's or ewe's udder (母牛、母羊等的)乳房炎 2 US  pokeweed [美]美洲商陆 [perhaps from obsolete garget ‘throat’, from Old French gargate, -guete]

gargle /ˈɡɑ:ɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  wash (one's mouth and throat), esp. for medicinal purposes, with a liquid kept in motion by breathing through it (尤指以药物进行的)含漱，漱口 2 intr.  make a sound as when doing this (漱口时从喉底)发出咕噜声 ●n.  1  a liquid used for gargling  2 Brit. slang  an alcoholic drink [英] [俚语]酒，酒精饮料 [French gargouiller from gargouille: see GARGOYLE]

gargoyle /ˈɡɑ:ɡɔil/ n.  a grotesque carved human or animal face or figure projecting from the gutter of (esp. a Gothic) building usu. as a spout to carry water clear of a wall (尤指哥特式建筑物上)怪形人状(或生物状)的滴水嘴 [Old French gargouille ‘throat, gargoyle’]

gargoylism /ˈɡɑ:ɡɔiliz(ə)m/ n. Med. 【医】  = HURLER'S SYNDROME 

garibaldi /ɡæriˈbɔ:ldi, -ˈbældi/ n. (pl. garibaldis)  1 hist.  a kind of loose blouse worn by women and children, originally bright red, imitating the shirts worn by Garibaldi and his followers [史义] (女人、小儿用的)红色阔罩衫(最初系仿照加里波第的红衫军所穿红色军服样式) 2 Brit.  a biscuit containing a layer of currants [英]夹有醋栗果酱的饼干 3  a small red Californian fish, Hypsypops rubicundus 小雀鲷 [named after G. Garibaldi, Italian patriot d. 1882]

garish /ˈɡɛəriʃ/ adj.  1  obtrusively bright; showy 花哨的，过分装饰的 2  gaudy; over-decorated 过于艳丽的，装饰过分的 □ garishly  adv.  □ garishness  n.   [16th-c. gaurish, perhaps from obsolete gaure ‘stare’]

garland /ˈɡɑ:lənd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wreath of flowers, leaves, etc., worn on the head or hung as a decoration 花环；花冠 2  a prize or distinction 奖品；荣誉的标志 3  a literary anthology or miscellany 文选，文集 ●v. tr.  1  adorn with garlands 给…饰以花环；用花环装饰 2  crown with a garland 给…带上花环 [Middle English from Old French garlande, of unknown origin]

garlic /ˈɡɑ:lik/ n.  1  any of various alliums, esp. Allium sativum 葱蒜类(尤指蒜) 2  the strong-smelling pungent-tasting bulb of this plant, used as a flavouring in cookery 大蒜，蒜头 □ garlicky  adj.   [Old English gɑˉrleac, from gɑˉr ‘spear’ + lēac LEEK]

garment /ˈɡɑ:m(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an article of dress (一件)衣服b (in pl. 用复数)  clothes 衣服，服装 2  the outward and visible covering of anything 外观，外表 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) literary  attire [文学用语]衣服，服装 [Middle English from Old French garnement (as GARNISH)]

garner /ˈɡɑ:nə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  collect 收集，积累 2  store, deposit 收藏，存放 ●n. literary  a storehouse or granary [文学用语]仓库，粮仓 [Middle English (originally as noun) via Old French gernier from Latin granarium GRANARY]

garnet /ˈɡɑ:nit/ n.  a vitreous silicate mineral, esp. a transparent deep red kind used as a gem 石榴石(尤指深红而透明的宝石) [Middle English via Old French grenat from medieval Latin granatum POMEGRANATE, from its resemblance to the pulp of the fruit]

garnish /ˈɡɑ:niʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  decorate or embellish (esp. food) (尤指给食物)加装饰 2 Law 【法律】  a  serve notice on (a person) for the purpose of legally seizing money belonging to a debtor or defendant (因债务争讼)传讯(某人)b  summon (a person) as a party to litigation started between others (因争讼)传讯有关的第三者 ●n. (also 亦作 garnishing)  a decoration or embellishment, esp. to food (尤指对食物进行的)装饰 □ garnishment  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [earlier ‘to equip or arm’: Middle English via Old French garnir from a Germanic verb, probably related to WARN]

garnishee /ɡɑ:niˈʃi:/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  a person garnished (接到法院扣押令的)第三债务人 ●v. tr. (garnishees, garnisheed)  1  garnish (a person) 扣押(债务人的财产)；扣发(债务人的工资) 2  attach (money etc.) by way of garnishment (受托人)扣押债务人的财物

garniture /ˈɡɑ:nitʃə/ n.  1  decoration or trimmings, esp. of food (食品的)配菜，装饰物 2  accessories, appurtenances 陈设，摆设，附属品 [French (as GARNISH)]

garotte var.  of GARROTTE  GARROTTE 的变体

garpike /ˈɡɑ:paik/ n.  a gar or garfish (see 见 GARFISH 2) 雀鳝 [Old English gɑˉr ‘spear’ + PIKE1]

garret /ˈɡærət, -it/ n.  1  a top-floor or attic room, esp. a dismal one (尤指阴暗的)屋顶层 2  an attic 顶楼，阁楼 [Middle English from Old French garite ‘watchtower’, from Germanic]

garrison /ˈɡæris(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the troops stationed in a fortress, town, etc., to defend it 卫戍部队，守备部队，驻军 2  the building occupied by them 卫戍区，要塞，驻防地 ●v. tr.  1  provide (a place) with or occupy as a garrison 为某地驻防；驻守(某地) 2  place on garrison duty 派(兵)驻防 [Middle English via Old French garison, from garir ‘defend, furnish’, from Germanic]

garrison town n.  a town having a permanent garrison 要塞城镇

garrotte /ɡəˈrɒt/ v. & n. (also 亦作 garotte; US [美] garrote) ●v. tr.  1  execute or kill by strangulation, esp. with an iron collar or with a length of wire etc. 用铁环(或钢丝)绞死 2  throttle in order to rob 勒杀抢劫 ●n. hist. [史义]  1  a  a Spanish method of execution by garrotting (源于西班牙的)铁环绞杀刑法b  the apparatus used for this 用于此刑法的刑具 2  highway robbery in which the victim is throttled 拦路勒杀抢劫 [French garrotter or Spanish garrotear from garrote ‘a cudgel’, of unknown origin]

garrulous /ˈɡærʊləs, -rjʊl-/ adj.  1  talkative, esp. on trivial matters 饶舌的，絮叨的，喋喋不休的 2  loquacious, wordy 爱说话的，话多的，健谈的 □ garrulity  /ɡæˈru:liti/ n.  □ garrulously  adv.  □ garrulousness  n.   [Latin garrulus from garrire ‘chatter’]

garter /ˈɡɑ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a band worn to keep a sock or stocking up 袜带 2 (作 the Garter) Brit. [英]  a  = ORDER OF THE GARTER b  the badge of this (英国)嘉德勋章(最高勋章)；嘉德勋位c  membership of this 嘉德勋章获得者；嘉德勋章院成员 3 N. Amer.  a suspender for a sock or stocking [北美]吊袜带 ●v. tr.  fasten (a stocking) or encircle (a leg) with a garter 用袜带系紧 [Middle English from Old French gartier, from garet ‘bend of the knee’]

garter belt n. N. Amer.  a suspender belt [北美]吊袜带

Garter King of Arms n. Heraldry (in the UK) the title given to the principal King of Arms 【纹章学】(英国)嘉德勋章院第一主管

garter snake n.  any water snake of the genus Thamnophis, native to N. America, having lengthwise stripes 束带蛇(原产北美的无毒花蛇)

garter stitch n.  a plain knitting stitch or pattern, forming ridges in alternate rows (织物的)平针织法，平针图案

garth /ɡɑ:θ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  an open space within cloisters (修道院内的)空地 2 archaic [古义]  a  a close or yard 庭院，院子b  a garden or paddock 花园，围场 [Middle English from Old Norse garthr, related to Old English geard YARD2]

Gary /ˈgeəri/   加里 [人名]

garçon /ˈɡɑ:sɒn, ˈɡɑ:sɒ˜, 法 ɡarsɔ˜/ n.  a waiter in a French restaurant, hotel, etc. (法国餐馆或饭店的)侍者，服务员 [French, literally ‘boy’]

gas /ɡæs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. gases)  1  any airlike substance which moves freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity 气，气体 2  a  such a substance (esp. found naturally or extracted from coal) used as a domestic or industrial fuel 气体燃料，煤气，天然气 also 亦作 attrib.: gas cooker  煤气炉 gas fire  煤气取暖器b  an explosive mixture of firedamp with air 易燃气体；混合气体 3  nitrous oxide or another gas used as an anaesthetic (esp. in dentistry) (一氧化二氮等用于牙科做麻醉剂的)气体 4  a gas or vapour used as a poisonous agent to disable an enemy in warfare (用于战争的)毒气 5 N. Amer. colloq.  petrol, gasoline [北美口]汽油 6 slang  pointless idle talk; boasting [俚语]吹牛，空谈，瞎吹 7 slang  an enjoyable, attractive, or amusing thing or person [俚语]令人愉快的、有吸引力的、可笑的人或事物 ●v. (gases, gassed, gassing)  1 tr.  expose to gas, esp. to kill or make unconscious (尤指为杀害或窒息而)施放煤气、毒气 2 intr.  give off gas 发出(或放出)煤气 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) N. Amer. colloq.  fill (the tank of a motor vehicle) with petrol [北美口] (给汽车等)加油 4 intr. colloq.  talk idly or boastfully [口]吹牛，空谈 [invented by J. B. van Helmont, Belgian chemist d. 1644, suggested by Greek khaos ‘chaos’]

gasbag /ˈɡæsbæɡ/ n.  1  a container of gas, esp. for holding the gas for a balloon or airship (尤指用于气球、飞艇等的)气囊，气袋 2 slang  an idle talker [俚语]夸夸其谈的人；闲扯的人

gas chamber n.  an airtight chamber that can be filled with poisonous gas to kill people or animals 毒气室

gas chromatography n.  chromatography employing gas as the eluent 气相色谱(分析)法

Gascon /ˈɡæsk(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Gascony 加斯科涅人 2 (作 gascon)  a braggart 夸口的人，吹牛的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Gascony or its people 加斯科涅的，加斯科涅人的 [French, from Latin Vasco -onis]

gas-cooled adj. (of a nuclear reactor etc.) cooled by a current of gas (指原子反应堆等)气冷的

gaseous /ˈɡæsiəs, ˈɡeisiəs/ adj.  of or like gas 气(体)的，似气(体)的 □ gaseousness  n.  

gas field n.  an area yielding natural gas 天然气田

gas fire n.  a domestic fire using gas as its fuel 煤气取暖器(炉)

gas-fired adj. (of a power station etc.) using gas as its fuel (指发电厂等)以煤气为燃料的

gas gangrene n.  a rapidly spreading gangrene of injured tissue infected by a soil bacterium and accompanied by the evolution of foul-smelling gas 气性坏疽

gash1 /ɡæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long and deep slash, cut, or wound 深长的裂口、切口或伤口 2  a  a cleft such as might be made by a slashing cut (似砍开的裂口)b  the act of making such a cut 砍伤，割破，划开 ●v. tr.  make a gash in; cut (在…上)划深长切口；划开 [variant of Middle English garse from Old French garcer ‘scarify’, perhaps ultimately from Greek kharassō]

gash2 /ɡæʃ/ n. & adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  rubbish, waste 废话，瞎说 ●adj.  spare, extra 多余的，无用的 [20th-c. nautical slang: origin unknown]

gasholder /ˈɡæshəʊldə/ n.  a large receptacle for storing gas; a gasometer 储气柜，煤气罐；煤气表

gasify /ˈɡæsifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  convert or be converted into gas (使)气化，(使)转化成煤气 □ gasification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

gasket /ˈɡæskit/ n.  1  a sheet or ring of rubber etc., shaped to seal the junction of metal surfaces 密封垫，密封片，垫圈 2 Naut.  a small cord securing a furled sail to a yard 【海】束帆索 □ blow a gasket  slang  lose one's temper [俚语]发脾气，发火 [perhaps from French garcette ‘thin rope’ (originally ‘little girl’)]

gaskin /ˈɡæskin/ n.  the hinder part of a horse's thigh 马后腿的上部 [perhaps erroneously from GALLIGASKINS]

gaslight /ˈɡæslait/ n.  1  a jet of burning gas, usu. heating a mantle, to provide light 煤气灯 2  light emanating from this 煤气灯光 □ gaslit  adj.  

gasman /ˈɡæsmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who installs or services gas appliances, or reads gas meters 煤气设备安装(修理)工；煤气表抄表员

gas mask n.  a respirator used as a defence against poison gas 防毒面具

gas meter n.  an apparatus recording the amount of gas consumed 煤气表

gasohol /ˈɡæsəhɒl/ n.  a mixture of petrol and ethyl alcohol used as fuel (酒精与汽油的)混合燃料 [GAS + ALCOHOL]

gas oil n.  a type of fuel oil distilled from petroleum and heavier than paraffin oil 粗柴油，瓦斯油

gasoline /ˈɡæsəli:n/ n. (also 亦作 gasolene)  1  a volatile inflammable liquid distilled from petroleum and used for heating and lighting (从石油中提炼的用于取暖与照明的)油料，燃料 2 N. Amer.  petrol [北美]汽油 [GAS + -OL2 + -INE4, -ENE]

gasometer /ɡæˈsɒmitə/ n.  a large tank in which gas is stored for distribution by pipes to users 储气柜，煤气罐；煤气表 [French gazomètre, from gaz ‘gas’ + -mètre -METER]

gasp /ɡɑ:sp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  catch one's breath with an open mouth as in exhaustion or astonishment (因力竭或惊异而张嘴)吸气，喘气 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  strain to obtain by gasping 喘气，喘息，倒抽气  gasped for air  拼命喘气 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter with gasps 边喘边说 ●n.  a convulsive catching of breath 喘气，喘息，倒抽气 □ at one's last gasp   1  at the point of death 临终，在奄奄一息时 2  exhausted 筋疲力尽的 [Middle English from Old Norse geispa ‘yawn’, related to geip ‘idle talk’]

gasper /ˈɡɑ:spə/ n.  1  a person who gasps 喘息者，喘气者 2 Brit. slang  a cigarette [英] [俚语] (一枝)香烟

gas-permeable adj. (esp. of a contact lens) allowing the diffusion of gases into and out of the cornea (尤指隐形眼镜片)可让气体透过角膜的，有透气性的

gas plant n.  = FRAXINELLA 

gas ring n.  a hollow ring perforated with gas jets, used esp. for cooking (尤指用于烧饭的)环形轻便煤气炉灶

gasser /ˈɡæsə/ n.  1 colloq.  an idle talker [口]夸夸其谈的人 2 slang  a very attractive or impressive person or thing [俚语]十分逗人喜爱的、令人难忘的人或事物

gas station n. N. Amer.  a filling station [北美]加油站

gassy /ˈɡæsi/ adj. (gassier, gassiest)  1  a  of or like gas 有气体(或煤气)特性的，气体似的b  full of gas 充满气体的 2 colloq. (of talk etc.) pointless, verbose [口] (指谈话等)空谈的，冗长的，言之无物的 □ gassiness  n.  

Gastarbeiter /ˈɡastɑ:baitə, 德 ˈɡastɑ:rbaitər/ n. (pl. Gastarbeiters or same 单复同)  a person with temporary permission to work in another country (esp. in W. Europe) (尤指在西欧的)客籍工人 [German, from Gast GUEST + Arbeiter ‘worker’]

gasteropod var.  of GASTROPOD  GASTROPOD 的变体

gasthaus /ˈɡæsthaʊs/ n. (pl. gasthɑ¨user /-hɔizə, 德 -hɔyzər/)  a small inn or hotel in German-speaking countries 讲德语国家的小酒馆或小旅店 [German, from Gast GUEST + Haus HOUSE]

gasthof /ˈɡæsthɒf, 德 ˈɡastho:f/ n. (pl. gasthofs or gasthöfe /-hɜ:fə, 德 -hø:fə/)  a hotel in German-speaking countries, usu. larger than a gasthaus (讲德语国家的)小酒馆，小旅店(通常较大于 gasthaus) [German, from Gast GUEST + Hof ‘hotel, large house’]

gas-tight adj.  proof against the leakage of gas 不透气的，气密的

gastrectomy /ɡæˈstrektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical operation in which the whole or part of the stomach is removed 胃切除术 [GASTRO- + -ECTOMY]

gastric /ˈɡæstrik/ adj.  of the stomach 胃的，胃部的 [modern Latin gastricus, from Greek gastēr gast(e)ros ‘stomach’]

gastric flu n.  a popular name for an intestinal disorder of unknown cause (原因不明的)胃肠功能紊乱

gastric juice n.  a thin clear virtually colourless acid fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion 胃液

gastritis /ɡæˈstraitis/ n.  inflammation of the lining of the stomach 胃炎，胃黏膜炎

gastro- /ˈɡæstrəʊ/ comb. form (also gastr- before a vowel 在元音前亦作 gastr-)  stomach [构词成分]胃 [Greek gastēr gast(e)ros ‘stomach’]

gastroenteric /ˌɡæstrəʊenˈterik/ adj.  of or relating to the stomach and intestines 胃肠的，与胃肠有关的

gastroenteritis /ˌɡæstrəʊentəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the stomach and intestines 胃肠炎

gastroenterology /ˌɡæstrəʊentəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine which deals with disorders of the stomach and intestines 胃肠病学；胃肠学 □ gastroenterological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ gastroenterologist  n.   [GASTRO- + ENTERO- + -LOGY]

gastrointestinal /ˌɡæstrəʊinˈtestin(ə)l, -intesˈtain(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the stomach and the intestines 胃肠的，与胃肠有关的

gastrolith /ˈɡæstrə(ʊ)liθ/ n.  1 Zool.  a small stone swallowed by a bird, reptile, or fish, to aid digestion in the gizzard 【动】(鸟、爬虫、鱼)助消化的小石子 2 Med.  a hard concretion in the stomach 【医】胃(结)石 [GASTRO- + -LITH]

gastronome /ˈɡæstrənəʊm/ n.  a gourmet 美食家，讲究饮食的人 [French from gastronomie GASTRONOMY]

gastronomy /ɡæˈstrɒnəmi/ n.  the practice, study, or art of eating and drinking well 美食法，美食学 □ gastronomic  /ɡæstrəˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ gastronomical  /ɡæstrəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ gastronomically  /ɡæstrəˈnɒmik(ə)li/ adv.   [French gastronomie from Greek gastronomia (as GASTRO-, -nomia from nomos ‘law’)]

gastropod /ˈɡæstrəpɒd/ n. (also 亦作 gasteropod)  any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, most often having a single spiral shell and moving by means of a large muscular foot, e.g. a snail, slug, whelk, etc. 腹足软体动物(如蜗牛、蛞蝓、蛾螺等) □ gastropodous  /ɡæˈstrɒpədəs/ adj.   [French gastéropode from modern Latin gasteropoda (as GASTRO-, Greek pous podos ‘foot’)]

gastroscope /ˈɡæstrəskəʊp/ n.  an optical instrument used for inspecting the interior of the stomach 胃(窥)镜

gastrula /ˈɡæstrʊlə/ n. (pl. gastrulae /-li:/) Zool.  an embryonic stage developing from the blastula 【动】原肠胚 [modern Latin, from Greek gastēr gast(e)ros ‘belly’]

gas turbine n.  a turbine driven by a flow of gas or by gas from combustion 燃气涡轮机

gasworks /ˈɡæswɜ:ks/ n. pl.  a place where gas is manufactured and processed 煤气厂

gat1 /ɡæt/ n. slang  a revolver or other firearm [俚语] (如左轮枪等的)手枪 [abbreviation of GATLING]

gat2 archaic [古义] past  of GET v. 

gate1 /ɡeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a barrier, usu. hinged, used to close an opening made for entrance and exit through a wall, fence, etc. 门 2  such an opening, esp. in the wall of a city, enclosure, or large building 城墙门，围墙门，大楼门 3  a means of entrance or exit 出入口，通道 4  a numbered place of access to aircraft at an airport (飞机场等的)登机口，登机门 5  a mountain pass 山口，(山间的)关口 6  an arrangement of slots into which the gear lever of a motor vehicle moves to engage the required gear (机动车上供变速杆移动定位的) H 形滑槽 7  a device for holding the frame of a cine film momentarily in position behind the lens of a camera or projector 片门 8  a  an electrical signal that causes or controls the passage of other signals 电路门b  an electrical circuit with an output which depends on the combination of several inputs 选通电极 9  a device regulating the passage of water in a lock etc. 水闸，闸门 10  a  the number of people entering by payment at the gates of a sports ground etc. (体育比赛等的)观众数b (in full 全称 gate money)  the proceeds taken for admission 门票收入 11 Brit. slang  the mouth [英] [俚语]嘴 12  = STARTING GATE  ●v. tr.  1 Brit.  confine to college or school entirely or after certain hours [英] (惩罚性的)禁止学生离校 2 (as 作 gated adj.) (of a road) having a gate or gates to control the movement of traffic or animals 用(闸)门控制道路上的车流量或横穿马路的动物 □ get (or be given) the gate  N. Amer. slang  be dismissed [北美] [俚语]被解雇；被赶走 [Old English gœt, geat, pl. gatu, from Germanic]

gate2 /ɡeit/ n. Brit.  a street [英]街道 preceded by a name 前接名称 : Westgate  西门 [Middle English from Old Norse gata, from Germanic]

-gate /ɡeit/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a scandal comparable in some way to the Watergate scandal of 1972 (Irangate 伊朗门事件) [构词成分]表示类似 1972 年水门事件的丑闻 [Watergate]

gateau /ˈɡætəʊ/ n. (pl. gateaus or gateaux /-əʊz/) esp. Brit.  any of various rich cakes, usu. containing cream or fruit [尤英]奶油蛋糕(常饰有水果) [French gɑˆteau ‘cake’]

gatecrasher /ˈɡeitkræʃə/ n.  an uninvited guest at a party etc. (招待会等)不请自来的客人，不速之客 □ gatecrash  v. tr. & intr.  

gatefold /ˈɡeitfəʊld/ n.  a page in a book or magazine etc. that folds out to be larger than the page-format (书籍、杂志等出版物中的)大张折叠插页

gatehouse /ˈɡeithaʊs/ n.  1  a house standing by a gateway, esp. to a large house or park (城堡等的)门楼 2 hist.  a room over a city gate, often used as a prison [史义] (常用作监狱的)城楼

gatekeeper /ˈɡeitki:pə/ n.  1  an attendant at a gate, controlling entrance and exit 看门人 2  a brown butterfly, Pyronia tithonus, frequenting hedgerows and woodland 链眼蝶，一种褐色蝴蝶，出没于树篱与林地

gateleg /ˈɡeitleɡ/ n. (in full 全称 gateleg table)  a table with folding flaps supported by legs swung open like a gate (折叠式桌子的)活动桌腿 □ gatelegged  adj.  

gateman /ˈɡeitmən/ n. (pl. -men)  = GATEKEEPER 1 

gate money  see 见 GATE1 n. 10b 

gatepost /ˈɡeitpəʊst/ n.  a post on which a gate is hung or against which it shuts 门柱 □ between you and me and the gatepost   in strict confidence 严守秘密

gate valve n.  a valve in which a sliding part controls the extent of the aperture (控制开口大小的)闸板活门

gateway /ˈɡeitwei/ n.  1  an entrance with or opening for a gate 大门，通道，出入口 2  a frame or structure built over a gate 门框 3  a means of access or entry 途径，手段  gateway to Scotland  前往苏格兰的途径 gateway to success  通往胜利之路 4 Computing  a device used to connect two different networks 【计算】门径，用于连接两个不同网络的设备

gather /ˈɡæðə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come together; assemble, accumulate 聚集，集合，召集，收集 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  bring together from scattered places or sources 收集，收拢(分散的东西)b  take up together from the ground, a surface, etc. 收拾，拾集c  draw into a smaller compass 收拢 3 tr.  acquire by gradually collecting; amass 积聚，积累；收集 4 tr.  a  pick a quantity of (flowers etc.) 采集(花朵等)b  collect (grain etc.) as a harvest 捡拾或收割(庄稼等) 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  infer or understand 得出结论或理解 6 tr.  be subjected to or affected by the accumulation or increase of 聚集；增加  unread books gathering dust  久置不用的书上集满了灰尘 gather speed  提速 gather strength  增强力量，恢复身体 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  summon up (one's thoughts, energy, etc.) for a purpose 聚集或集中(思路、力量等)以尽力 8 tr.  gain or recover (one's breath) 缓过气来 9 tr.  a  draw (material, or one's brow) together in folds or wrinkles (在材料上)打褶；皱眉头b  pucker or draw together (part of a dress) by running a thread through (在衣服上)打褶子 10 intr.  come to a head; develop a purulent swelling (指皮肤上)长包或疙瘩；脓肿发炎 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  a part of a garment that is gathered or drawn in (衣服上的)褶皱 □ gather way  (of a ship) begin to move (指船)起锚，出航□ gatherer  n.   [Old English gaderian, from West Germanic]

gathering /ˈɡæð(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  an assembly or meeting 聚会，集会 2  a purulent swelling 脓肿 3  a group of leaves taken together in bookbinding 配页，排书；(印好后依页码次序折叠成的)毛书

Gatling /ˈɡætliŋ/ n. (in full 全称 Gatling gun)  a machine-gun with clustered barrels 加特林多管机枪 [named after R. J. Gatling, American inventor d. 1903]

GATT /ɡæt/ abbr. (also 亦作 Gatt)  General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [缩略]关税及贸易总协定

gauche /ɡəʊʃ/ adj.  1  lacking ease or grace; socially awkward 笨拙的，不文雅的；不善交际的 2  tactless 不机智的，不圆滑的 □ gauchely  adv.  □ gaucheness  n.   [French, = left-handed, awkward]

gaucherie /ˈɡəʊʃ(ə)ri:/ n.  1  gauche manners 笨拙 2  a gauche action 笨拙举动 [French]

gaucho /ˈɡaʊtʃəʊ, ˈɡɔ:-/ n. (pl. -os)  a cowboy from the S. American pampas 居住于南美大草原的牧人 [Latin American Spanish, from a Chilean or Peruvian language]

gaud /ɡɔ:d/ n.  1  a gaudy thing; a showy ornament 华丽不值钱的小玩意；花哨而俗气的装饰品 2 (in pl. 用复数)  showy ceremonies 卖弄的排场(宴会、仪式等) [perhaps via Anglo-French and Old French gaudir ‘rejoice’ from Latin gaudēre]

gaudy1 /ˈɡɔ:di/ adj. (gaudier, gaudiest)  tastelessly or extravagantly bright or showy 俗气的，炫丽的，华而不实的 □ gaudily  adv.  □ gaudiness  n.   [probably from GAUD + -Y1]

gaudy2 /ˈɡɔ:di/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  an annual feast or entertainment, esp. a college dinner for old members etc. [英] (尤指英国大学中为校友每年举行一次的)宴会，招待会 [Latin gaudium ‘joy’, or gaude, imperative of gaudēre ‘rejoice’]

gauge /ɡeidʒ/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] gage: see also sense 7 另见释义 7) ●n.  1  a standard measure to which certain things must conform , esp. (尤指): 计量标准a  the measure of the capacity or contents of a barrel 木筒的容量b  the fineness of a textile (纺织品的)隔距，质地c  the diameter of a bullet 子弹的直径d  the thickness of sheet metal 金属板的厚度 2  any of various instruments for measuring or determining this, or for measuring length, thickness, or other dimensions or properties (任何用于测量长度、厚度或其他度量的)计量器 3  the distance between a pair of rails or the wheels on one axle (火车或电车轨道的)轨距 4  the capacity, extent, or scope of something 大小，程度，范围，容量 5  a means of estimating; a criterion or test (估测、判断等的)方法，手段；标准(或测试) 6  a graduated instrument measuring the force or quantity of rainfall, stream, tide, wind, etc. 带刻度的测量仪器(如雨量器、水流器、风速表等) 7 (usu. 通常作 gage) Naut.  a relative position with respect to the wind 【海】(船只对风的)相对位置 ●v. tr.  1  measure exactly (esp. objects of standard size) (尤指对标准件的)精确测量 2  determine the capacity or content of 测量，测定 3  estimate or form a judgement of (a person, temperament, situation, etc.) (对人、性情、形式等的)估计，判断 4  make uniform; bring to a standard size or shape 使成标准尺寸，使合标准，校正，调整 □ take the gauge of   estimate 估计，估价，□ gaugeable  adj.  □ gauger  n.   [Middle English from Old Norman French gauge, gauger, of unknown origin]

gauge pressure n. Engin.  the amount by which a pressure measured in a fluid exceeds that of the atmosphere 【工程】表压，计示压力

gauge theory n. Physics  a form of quantum theory using mathematical functions to describe subatomic interactions in terms of particles not directly detectable 【物理学】规范理论

Gaul /ɡɔ:l/ n.  a native or inhabitant of ancient Gaul 古时高卢人(或居民) [Gaul, the name of the country from French Gaule, from Germanic]

gauleiter /ˈɡaʊlaitə/ n.  1 hist.  an official governing a district under Nazi rule [史义] (纳粹德国的)省长，地方长官 2  a local or petty tyrant 土皇帝，小暴君 [German, from Gau ‘administrative district’ + Leiter ‘leader’]

Gaulish /ˈɡɔ:liʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the ancient Gauls 高卢的，高卢人的，高卢语的 ●n.  the language of the ancient Gauls 高卢语

Gaullism /ˈɡəʊliz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principles and policies of Charles de Gaulle, French military and political leader (d. 1970), characterized by their conservatism, nationalism, and advocacy of centralized government 戴高乐主义 2  adherence to these 对戴高乐主义的信奉 □ Gaullist  n.   [French Gaullisme]

gault /ɡɔ:lt/ n. Geol. 【地质】  1  a series of clay and marl beds between the upper and lower greensand in southern England 南英格兰的重黏土层 2  clay obtained from these beds 重黏土 [16th c.: origin unknown]

gaunt /ɡɔ:nt/ adj.  1  lean, haggard 削瘦的，骨瘦如柴的 2  grim or desolate in appearance 憔悴的 □ gauntly  adv.  □ gauntness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

gauntlet1 /ˈɡɔ:ntlit/ n.  1  a stout glove with a long loose wrist 长手套，防护手套 2 hist.  an armoured glove [史义] (胄甲的)铁手套 3  the part of a glove covering the wrist (防护手套、长手套的)腕部 □ take up the gauntlet   see 见 TAKE □ throw down the gauntlet   see 见 THROW  [Middle English from Old French gantelet, diminutive of gant ‘glove’, from Germanic]

gauntlet2 /ˈɡɔ:ntlit/ n. (US [美] gantlet /ˈɡænt-/)   □ run the gauntlet   1  be subjected to harsh criticism 受到严厉的批评 2  pass between two rows of people and receive blows from them, as a punishment or ordeal 夹道鞭打的刑罚(作为惩罚或考验) [earlier gantlope from Swedish gatlopp, from gata ‘lane’, lopp ‘course’, assimilated to GAUNTLET1]

gauntry var.  of GANTRY  GANTRY 的变体

gaur /ˈɡaʊə/ n.  a wild species of Indian cattle, Bos gaurus (产于印度、缅甸等国的)印度野牛，白肢野牛 [Hindustani]

gauss /ɡaʊs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or gausses)  a unit of magnetic induction, equal to one ten-thousandth of a tesla (abbr. 缩略 : G) 高斯(磁感应强度单位，磁通量密度单位) [named after K. Gauss, German mathematician d. 1855]

Gaussian distribution /ˈɡaʊsiən/ n. Statistics 【统计学】  = NORMAL DISTRIBUTION  [as GAUSS]

gauze /ɡɔ:z/ n.  1  a thin transparent fabric of silk, cotton, etc. 薄纱，纱罗 2  a fine mesh of wire etc. 网纱 3  a slight haze 薄雾 [French gaze, perhaps from Gaza, a town in Palestine]

gauzy /ˈɡɔ:zi/ adj. (gauzier, gauziest)  1  like gauze; thin and translucent 薄纱似的，薄而半透明的 2  flimsy, delicate 轻薄而柔软的 □ gauzily  adv.  □ gauziness  n.  

gave past  of GIVE  

gavel /ˈɡæv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small hammer used by an auctioneer, or for calling a meeting to order (拍卖人或会议主席所用的)小木锤 ●v. (gavelled, gavelling; US [美] gaveled, gaveling)  1 intr.  use a gavel 击小木锤 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  end (a meeting) or dismiss (a speaker) by use of a gavel 击锤以宣布闭会；击锤以停止某人发言 [19th c.: origin unknown]

gavial var.  of GHARIAL  GHARIAL 的变体

Gavin /ˈgævin/   加文 [人名]

gavotte /ɡəˈvɒt/ n.  1  a medium-paced French dance popular in the eighteenth century (流行于 18 世纪法国的)加伏特舞 2  a  a piece of music for this, composed in common time beginning on the third beat of the bar 加伏特舞曲b  a piece of music in this rhythm as a movement in a suite (作为组曲中的一个乐章的)加伏特舞曲 [French from Provençal gavoto from Gavot, a native of a region in the Alps]

Gawd /ɡɔ:d/ n. slang (esp. as 尤作 int.)  God (see 见 GOD 5) [俚语]上帝 [alteration of GOD]

gawk /ɡɔ:k/ v. & n. ●v. intr. colloq.  stare stupidly [口]呆望，目瞪口呆地凝视 ●n.  an awkward or bashful person 呆头呆脑的人，笨手笨脚的人；腼腆的人 □ gawkish  adj.   [related to obsolete gaw ‘gaze’ from Old Norse gɑˊ ‘heed’]

gawky /ˈɡɔ:ki/ adj. (gawkier, gawkiest)  awkward or ungainly 笨拙的，粗笨难看的 □ gawkily  adv.  □ gawkiness  n.  

gawp /ɡɔ:p/ v. intr. Brit. colloq.  stare stupidly or obtrusively [英口]瞪眼傻看，直瞪瞪地看 □ gawper  n.   [earlier gaup, galp from Middle English galpen ‘yawn’, related to YELP]

gay /ɡei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (gayer, gayest)  1  light-hearted and carefree; mirthful 轻松的，快乐的，欢乐的 2  characterized by cheerfulness or pleasure 愉快的，充满欢乐的  a gay life  快乐的生活 3  brightly coloured; showy, brilliant 色彩鲜艳的，亮丽的  a gay scarf  一条鲜艳夺目的纱巾 4 colloq. [口]  a  homosexual 同性恋的b  intended for or used by homosexuals 为同性恋而备的；为同性恋所使用的  a gay bar  同性恋酒吧 5 colloq.  dissolute, immoral [口]放荡的，不道德的 ●n. colloq.  a homosexual, esp. male [口]同行恋者(尤指男同性恋者) □ gayness  n.   [Middle English from Old French gai, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 The use of gay to mean ‘homosexual’ is favoured by homosexuals with reference to themselves. It still has an informal feel to it but is now well established and in widespread general use. In many instances it is restricted in application to male homosexuals and contrasted with lesbian when discussing homosexuals as a group, e.g. The message from gays and lesbians living in rural Ireland was one of a sense of isolation. 同性恋者倾向于以 gay 一词指称自己。尽管此用法给人以一种非正式的感觉，但已被广泛采用并流传甚广。在将同性恋者作为一个整体进行讨论时，此词往往仅限于对男同性恋者的称谓并与女同性恋者 (lesbian) 相对。如 The message from gays and lesbians living in rural Ireland was one of a sense of isolation (从居住在爱尔兰乡间的同性恋者们那里传来的讯息给人一种与世隔绝的孤独感)。 

gayal /ɡaiˈjɑ:l, -ˈjæl/ n.  a semi-domesticated species of Indian cattle, Bos frontalis 产于印度的一种半驯化牛 [Hindi]

gayety US var.  of GAIETY [美] GAIETY 的变体

gay liberation n.  1  the liberation of homosexuals from social and legal discrimination 同性恋解放(同性恋者争取平等社会地位与法律权益的运动) 2 (作 Gay Liberation)  a movement campaigning for gay liberation 同性恋解放运动；争取同性恋解放的运动

gay plague n. slang offens.  Aids (so called because first identified amongst homosexual men) [俚语] [冒犯]艾滋病(因其首次病例发现于男同性恋而得名)

gay rights n. pl.  rights for homosexuals, esp. legal and social equality with heterosexuals 同性恋(者)权利(尤指与异性恋者平等的法律和社会权利) often 常作 attrib.: gay rights movement  同性恋权利运动

gazania /ɡəˈzeiniə/ n.  any herbaceous plant of the genus Gazania, with showy yellow or orange daisy-shaped flowers (产于南非的)杂色菊属植物(开黄色或橘黄色形似雏菊的花朵) [modern Latin, named after Theodore of Gaza, Greek scholar d. 1478]

gazar /ɡəˈzɑ:/ n.  a stiff gauzy kind of silk fabric (常饰有闪光金属片的)透明丝织物 [French, from gaze GAUZE.]

gaze /ɡeiz/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, into, on, upon, etc.)  look fixedly 盯着看，凝视 ●n.  a fixed or intent look 凝视，端详 □ gazer  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown, perhaps related to obsolete gaw GAWK]

gazebo /ɡəˈzi:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a small building or structure such as a summer house or turret, designed to give a wide view (广阔视野的)避暑别墅(或塔楼) [perhaps jocular from GAZE, in imitation of Latin future tenses ending in -ēbo: cf. LAVABO]

gazelle /ɡəˈzel/ n.  any of various small graceful soft-eyed antelopes of Asia or Africa, esp. of the genus Gazella (亚洲或非洲的)瞪羚 [French, probably via Spanish gacela from Arabic ɡ̇azɑˉl]

gazette /ɡəˈzet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a newspaper, esp. the official one of an organization or institution 报纸，(特指某一组织或机构的)公报  University Gazette  大学公报 2 hist.  a news-sheet; a periodical publication giving current events [史义]定期出版的时事出版物 3 Brit.  an official journal with a list of government appointments, bankruptcies, and other public notices [英]刊登政府任命、破产名单及其它公共事物的官方公报  London Gazette  伦敦公报 ●v. tr. Brit.  announce or publish in an official gazette [英]在公报上公布，在公报上刊登 [earliest in sense 2: French from Italian gazzetta, originally Venetian gazeta de la novita ‘a halfpenny-worth of news’, because sold for a gazeta, a Venetian small coin]

gazetteer /ɡæziˈtiə/ n.  a geographical index or dictionary 地名词典，地名索引 [earlier = journalist, for whom such an index was provided: via French gazettier from Italian gazzettiere (as GAZETTE)]

gazpacho /ɡəsˈpɑ:tʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Spanish soup made with tomatoes, peppers, cucumber, garlic, etc., and served cold (用西红柿、青椒、黄瓜、大蒜等烹饪的)西班牙凉菜汤 [Spanish]

gazump /ɡəˈzʌmp/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (of a seller) raise the price of a property after having accepted an offer by (an intending buyer) (指卖方)抬价敲诈(尤指议定价格后再抬价) 2  swindle 欺诈，敲诈 □ gazumper  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

gazunder /ɡəˈzʌndə/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Brit. colloq. (of a buyer) lower the amount of an offer made to (the seller) for a property, esp. just before exchange of contracts [英口] (指买方)压价敲诈(尤指在交换合同前再压价) [GAZUMP + UNDER]

GB abbr. [缩略]  Great Britain 

GBE abbr. (in the UK) Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of the British Empire [缩略] (英国)大十字最高(女)勋爵

GBH abbr. Brit.  grievous bodily harm [缩略] [英]严重的身体伤害

GC abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) George Cross 

GCB abbr. (in the UK) Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of the Bath [缩略] (英国)巴思大十字(女)勋爵

GCE abbr. (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) General Certificate of Education, the O level examination of which was replaced in 1988 by the GCSE [缩略] (英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰)普通教育证书(已于 1988 年为中等教育证书 GCSE 所代替)

GCHQ abbr. (in the UK) Government Communications Headquarters [缩略] (英国)政府通讯总部

GCMG abbr. (in the UK) Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of St Michael & St George [缩略] (英国)圣迈克尔和圣乔治十字(女)勋爵

GCSE abbr. (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) General Certificate of Secondary Education [缩略] (英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰)中等教育证书

GCVO abbr. (in the UK) Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国)维多利亚大十字(女)勋爵

Gd symb. Chem.  the element gadolinium [符]【化】(化学元素)钆

Gdansk /gəˈdɑ:nsk/ n.  格但斯克(旧称 Danzig 但泽) [波兰港市]

Gdn. abbr. [缩略]  Garden 

Gdns. abbr. [缩略]  Gardens 

GDP abbr.  gross domestic product [缩略]国内生产总值

GDR abbr. hist.  German Democratic Republic [缩略] [史义]德意志民主共和国

Ge symb. Chem.  the element germanium [符]【化】(化学元素)锗

gean /ɡi:n/ n.  1  the wild sweet cherry, Prunus avium 欧洲甜樱桃树(一种心形野生甜樱桃树) 2  the fruit of this 欧洲甜樱桃 [Old French guine (modern guigne)]

gear /ɡiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a  a set of toothed wheels that work together to transmit and control motion from an engine, esp. to the road wheels of a vehicle (用于控制发动机的)齿轮装置(尤指汽车的排挡)b  a mechanism for doing this 传动装置 2  a particular function or state of adjustment of engaged gears 传动装置的某种功能或组合状态  low gear  低档 second gear  二档 3  a mechanism of wheels, levers, etc., usu. for a special purpose (尤指为特殊目的而设置的)装置、机械等  winding gear  绞盘装置 4  a particular apparatus or mechanism, as specified (如前所述的)齿轮、杠杆等专门仪器、设备、机械装置  landing gear  起落架 5  equipment or tackle for a special purpose (用于特殊用途的)设备等 6 colloq.  clothing, esp. when modern or fashionable [口] (尤指流行或时髦的)服装，衣着 7  goods; household utensils 货物；家庭用品 8  rigging (支撑船桅和船帆的)索具装置，帆具 9  a harness for a draught animal 马具 ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  adjust or adapt to suit a special purpose or need 使适应，使适合(某一特殊目的或需要) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  equip with gears 挂(高)档 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  make ready or prepared 做好准备，准备好 4 tr.  put (machinery) in gear 开动机器，着手工作 5 intr.  a  be in gear 齿轮已与机器连接；正常b (foll. by 后跟 with)  work smoothly with 与…适合，一致 □ be geared (or all geared) up  (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.) colloq.  be ready or enthusiastic [口]准备好，全力以赴□ gear down (or up)   provide with a low (or high) gear 挂抵挡，减速(挂高档，提速)□ in gear   with a gear engaged (齿轮)搭上，连接上(发动机)□ out of gear   1  with no gear engaged (齿轮)脱开，(机器)开不动 2  out of order 出毛病，情况混乱 [Middle English from Old Norse gervi, from Germanic]

gearbox /ˈɡiəbɒks/ n.  1  the casing that encloses a set of gears 齿轮箱 2  a set of gears with its casing, esp. in a motor vehicle (尤指汽车的)变速器

gear change n.  1  an act of engaging a different gear in a vehicle 换档 2 US  a gear lever [美]变速杆

gearing /ˈɡiəriŋ/ n.  1  a set or arrangement of gears in a machine 传动装置，齿轮装置 2 Finance  the ratio of a company's loan capital (debt) to the value of its ordinary shares (equity) 【金融】传动率(亦称资本传动率，即资本的搭配比率)

gear lever n. Brit.  a lever used to engage or change gear, esp. in a motor vehicle [英] (尤指汽车的)变速杆

gear shift n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = GEAR LEVER 

gearstick /ˈɡiəstik/ n. Brit. [英]  = GEAR LEVER 

gearwheel /ˈɡiəwi:l/ n.  1  a toothed wheel in a set of gears 齿轮，大齿轮 2 (in a bicycle) the cogwheel driven directly by the chain (自行车上由链条直接驱动的)飞轮

GEC abbr.  General Electric Company [缩略]通用电气公司

gecko /ˈɡekəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  any of various mainly nocturnal lizards found in warm climates, with adhesive feet for climbing vertical surfaces 壁虎，守宫 [Malay chichak etc., imitative of its cry]

gee1 /dʒi:/ int. (also 亦作 gee whiz /ˈwiz/) N. Amer. colloq.  a mild expression of surprise, discovery, etc. [北美口] (较委婉地表示惊讶、惊奇等)哎呀 [perhaps abbreviation of JESUS]

gee2 /dʒi:/ int. & v. ●int.  a command to a horse etc. to go faster 吆喝马等快行的用语 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (geed, geeing)  command (a horse etc.) to go faster 吆喝马等快行 [17th c.: origin unknown]

gee3 /dʒi:/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) US slang  a thousand dollars [美] [俚语] 1000 元 [the letter G, as initial of GRAND]

gee-gee /ˈdʒi:dʒi:/ n. Brit. colloq.  a horse [英口] (一匹)马 [originally a child's word, from GEE2]

geek /ɡi:k/ n.  1 Austral. slang  a look [澳] [俚语] (看)一眼，一看 2 esp. US slang  a dull or socially inept person [尤美] [俚语]迟钝的人，不会社交的人 □ geeky  adj.   [sense 1 from British dialect geck ‘to toss the head scornfully’, ‘to look proudly (at)’; sense 2 from the related English dialect geck ‘fool’]

geese pl.  of GOOSE  

gee-string var.  of G-STRING  2 G-STRING 2 的变体

geezer /ˈɡi:zə/ n. slang  a person, esp. an old man [俚语]人(尤指老年男性，老头) [dialect pronunciation of guiser ‘mummer’]

Gehenna /ɡəˈhenə/ n.  1 (in the New Testament) hell (新约全书)地狱 2  a place of burning, torment, or misery 炼狱 [ecclesiastical Latin via Greek from Hebrew gê' hinnōm ‘hell’, originally the valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem, where children were sacrificed]

Geiger counter /ˈɡaiɡə/ n.  a device for measuring radioactivity by detecting and counting ionizing particles 盖革计数器(探测放射能量的仪器) [named after H. Geiger, German physicist d. 1945]

geisha /ˈɡeiʃə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or geishas) (also 亦作 geisha girl)  1  a Japanese hostess trained in entertaining men with dance and song 日本艺妓(陪男子谈话，表演歌舞者) 2  a Japanese prostitute 日本妓女 [Japanese, = entertainer]

Geissler tube /ˈɡaislə/ n.  a sealed tube of glass or quartz with a central constriction, filled with vapour for the production of a luminous electrical discharge (真空放电实验用的)盖斯勒管 [named after H. Geissler, German mechanic d. 1879]

gel /dʒel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a semi-solid colloidal suspension or jelly, of a solid dispersed in a liquid 冻胶，凝胶(体) 2  a jelly-like substance used for setting the hair 发胶 ●v. intr. (gelled, gelling)  1  form a gel 胶化，形成胶体，胶凝 2  = JELLv. 1b  3  = JELLv. 2  □ gelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [abbreviation of GELATIN]

gelada /dʒəˈlɑ:də/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or geladas)  a brownish gregarious baboon, Theropithecus gelada, with a bare red patch on its chest, native to Ethiopia 狮尾狒(原产于埃塞俄比亚的一种胸部带有红色斑块的群居的褐色狒狒) [Amharic č'ɑ¨llada]

gelatin /ˈdʒelətin/ n. (also 亦作 gelatine /-ti:n/)  a virtually colourless tasteless transparent water-soluble protein derived from collagen and used in food preparation, photography, etc. (可用于食品、胶片制作等的)胶，明胶，胶质 [French gélatine from Italian gelatina, from gelata JELLY]

gelatinous /dʒiˈlætinəs/ adj.  1  of or like gelatin 凝胶的，似凝胶的 2  of a jelly-like consistency 凝胶状的，胶冻状的 □ gelatinize  /dʒiˈlætinaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ gelatinization  /dʒiˌlætinaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ gelatinously  adv.  

gelatin paper n. Brit.  a paper coated with sensitized gelatin for photography [英]照相软片片基

gelation /dʒəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  solidification by freezing 冻结，凝结，凝胶化，胶凝 [Latin gelatio from gelare ‘freeze’]

geld /ɡeld/ v. tr.  1  deprive (usu. a male animal) of the ability to reproduce (尤指给雄性动物)去势，阉割 2  castrate or spay; excise the testicles or ovaries of 阉割，骟(雌性动物)，割去睾丸或卵巢 [Middle English via Old Norse gelda, from geldr ‘barren’, from Germanic]

gelding /ˈɡeldiŋ/ n.  a gelded animal, esp. a male horse 阉割过的动物(尤指被去势的雄马) [Middle English from Old Norse geldingr: see GELD]

gelid /ˈdʒelid/ adj.  1  icy, ice-cold 冰冷的，冻结的 2  chilly, cool 凉飕飕的；冷淡的，冷冰冰的 [Latin gelidus from gelu ‘frost’]

gelignite /ˈdʒeliɡnait/ n.  a high explosive made from a gel of nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose in a base of wood pulp and sodium or potassium nitrate, much used for rock-blasting 葛里炸药(一种常用来爆破矿石的、含有木浆、钠和硝酸钾等的炸药) [GELATIN + Latin ignis ‘fire’ + -ITE1]

gelly /ˈdʒeli/ n. Brit. slang  gelignite [英] [俚语]葛里炸药 [abbreviation]

gelsemium /dʒelˈsi:miəm/ n.  a preparation of the rhizome of Gelsemium sempervivens, a twining shrub of southern N. America, used medicinally esp. to treat neuralgia 长绿钩吻(北美南部的一种缠绕灌木，其根茎可制成治疗神经痛的药物) [modern Latin, from Italian gelsomino ‘jasmine’]

gem /dʒem/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a precious stone, esp. when cut and polished or engraved (尤指经过切割打磨或雕刻的)宝石 2  an object or person of great beauty or worth 极其珍贵(或美丽)的人(或物) ●v. tr. (gemmed, gemming)  adorn with or as with gems 用宝石装饰 □ gemlike  adj.  □ gemmy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French gemme from Latin gemma ‘bud, jewel’]

Gemara /ɡəˈmɑ:rə/ n.  a rabbinical commentary on the Mishnah, forming the second part of the Talmud 《革马拉》(犹太教法典《塔木德经》的第二部) [Aramaic gĕmɑˉrɑˆ ‘completion’]

geminal /ˈdʒemin(ə)l/ adj. Chem. (of molecules) having two functional groups attached to the same atom 【化】双生的(指与同一原子相连的两组相同机能的分子) □ geminally  adv.   [as GEMINATE + -AL]

geminate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈdʒemineit, -nət/  combined in pairs 双生的，成双的，成对的 ●v. tr. /ˈdʒemineit/  1  double, repeat 加倍，重复 2  arrange in pairs (使)成双，(使)成对， □ gemination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin geminatus, past part. of geminare, from geminus ‘twin’]

Gemini /ˈdʒeminai, -ni/ n.  1 Astron.  a northern constellation (the Twins), said to represent the twins Castor and Pollux, whose names are given to its two brightest stars 【天】双子座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 May 双子宫(黄道第三宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 属双子星座的人 □ Geminian  /dʒemiˈni:ən/ n. & adj.   [Middle English from Latin, = twins]

gemma /ˈdʒemə/ n. (pl. gemmae /-mi:/)  a small cellular body in cryptogams that separates from the mother-plant and starts a new one; an asexual spore 叶芽，无性芽；无性孢子 [Latin: see GEM]

gemmation /dʒeˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  reproduction by gemmae 出芽生殖 [French from gemmer ‘to bud’, gemme ‘bud’]

gemmiferous /dʒeˈmif(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  producing precious stones 产生宝石的 2  bearing buds 发芽的，发芽繁殖的 [Latin gemmifer (as GEMMA, -FEROUS)]

gemmiparous /dʒeˈmip(ə)rəs/ adj.  of or propagating by gemmation 发芽的，发芽繁殖的 [modern Latin gemmiparus, from Latin gemma ‘bud’ + parere ‘bring forth’]

gemmology /dʒeˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of gems 宝石学 □ gemmologist  n.   [Latin gemma ‘gem’ + -LOGY]

gemmule /ˈdʒemju:l/ n.  a tough-coated dormant cluster of embryonic cells produced by a freshwater sponge, for development in more favourable conditions (处于休眠状态的)微芽，原芽 [French gemmule or Latin gemmula ‘little bud’ (as GEM)]

gemsbok /ˈɡemzbɔk/ n.  a large antelope, Oryx gazella, of SW and E. Africa (产于西南非洲和东非的)大羚羊 [Afrikaans from Dutch, = chamois]

gemstone /ˈdʒemstəʊn/ n.  a precious stone used as a gem (未经琢磨成型的)宝石

gemütlich /ɡəˈmu:tlix, 德 ɡəˈmy:tliç/ adj.  1  pleasant and comfortable 愉快的，舒服的，适意的 2  genial, agreeable 可亲的，宜人的 [German]

Gen. abbr. [缩略]  1  General  2  Genesis (Old Testament) 

gen /dʒen/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  information 情报，消息，资料 ●v. tr. & intr. (genned, genning) (foll. by 后跟 up)  provide with or obtain information 给(某人)资料，获得情报 [perhaps from first syllable of general information]

-gen /dʒ(ə)n/ comb. form [构词成分]  1 Chem.  that which produces (hydrogen 氢 ; antigen 抗原) 【化】产生 2 Bot.  growth (endogen 单子叶植物，内生植物 ; exogen 外长植物) 【植】(表示)生长 [French -gène from Greek -genēs ‘-born, of a specified kind’, from gen-, root of gignomai ‘be born, become’]

genco /ˈdʒenkəʊ/ n.  a power-generating company, esp. a private company selling electricity 发电公司(尤指出售电力的私营公司) [generating + company]

gendarme /ˈʒɒndɑ:m/ n.  1  a soldier employed in specific public police duties in French-speaking countries (讲法语国家的)宪兵 2  a rock-tower on a mountain, occupying and blocking an arête 山脊突岩 [French from gens d'armes ‘men of arms’]

gendarmerie /ʒɒnˈdɑ:məri/ n.  1  a force of gendarmes 宪兵队 2  the headquarters of such a force 宪兵司令部

gender /ˈdʒendə/ n.  1  a  the grammatical classification of nouns and related words, roughly corresponding to the two sexes and sexlessness (语法中的)性b  each of the classes of nouns (see 见 MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER, COMMON adj. 6) 这类名词 2 (of nouns and related words) the property of belonging to such a class (指名词及其相关词)性的特征 3 esp. colloq. or euphem. [尤口] [婉]  a  = SEXn. 1 b  = SEXn. 2 often 常作 attrib.: gender issues  性别争端，性别论点 c  = SEXn. 3  [Middle English from Old French gendre, ultimately from Latin GENUS]

gendered /dʒendəd/ adj.  of or specific to the male or female sex 男性或女性(专有)的

Gene /dʒi:n/   吉恩 [人名]

gene /dʒi:n/ n.  a unit of heredity composed of DNA or RNA and forming part of a chromosome etc., that determines a particular characteristic of an individual 基因 [German Gen: see -GEN]

genealogical /dʒi:niəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, dʒen-/ adj.  1  of or concerning genealogy 家谱的，与家谱有关的 2  tracing family descent 系谱的，宗谱的 □ genealogically  adv.   [French généalogique from Greek genealogikos (as GENEALOGY)]

genealogical tree n.  a chart like an inverted branching tree showing the descent of a family or of an animal species 家谱表，家系图

genealogy /dʒi:niˈælədʒi, dʒen-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor 家系，血统b  an account or exposition of this 家谱，宗谱 2  the study and investigation of lines of descent 家谱学，家谱研究；家系调查 3  a plant's or animal's line of development from earlier forms (动植物的)系统 □ genealogist  n.  □ genealogize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French genealogie and Late Latin genealogia from Greek genealogia, from genea ‘race’]

gene pool n.  the whole stock of different genes in an interbreeding population 基因库

genera pl.  of GENUS  

general /ˈdʒen(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  completely or almost universal (几乎)所有的，全体的b  including or affecting all or nearly all parts or cases of things 普遍的，全面的 2  prevalent, widespread, usual 广泛的，大面积的，通常的 3  not partial, particular, local, or sectional 全面的，普通的，非区域性的，不局限活动范围和人群的 4  not limited in application; relating to whole classes or all cases 应用上没有限制的，有关各种类别(或情况)的 5  including points common to the individuals of a class and neglecting the differences 有代表性的，归纳性的提法  a general term  一般性术语，概括性的说法 6  not restricted or specialized 无限制的，非专业的  general knowledge  一般性知识 7  a  roughly corresponding or adequate 大致的，大概的b  sufficient for practical purposes 基本的 8  not detailed 不详细的，大致的  a general resemblance  大致相似 a general idea  笼统的看法或观点 9  vague, indefinite 不明确的，模糊的，不确定的  spoke only in general terms  只肯泛泛地涉及，不明确地说 10  chief or principal; having overall authority 首要的，主要的，级别最高的  general manager  总司令 Secretary-General  秘书长 ●n.  1  a  an army officer ranking next below field marshal or above lieutenant general 将军，(陆军)上将b  a commander of an army 司令官，司令员 2 US [美]  a  = LIEUTENANT GENERAL, MAJOR GENERAL b  a general of the army or air force 陆军或空军的将军 3  a tactician or strategist of specified merit 战略家，战术家  a great general  一位伟大的战略家 4  the head of a religious order, e.g. of the Jesuits or Dominicans or the Salvation Army 宗教团体领袖(如耶稣会，多明我会，救世军的会长) 5 (prec. by 前接 the) archaic  the public [古义]大众 □ as a general rule   in most cases 原则上，一般地说□ in general   1  as a normal rule; usually 一般，通常 2  for the most part 大体上 [Middle English via Old French from Latin generalis (as GENUS)]

General American n.  a form of US speech not markedly dialectal or regional 普通美语，美国普通话

general anaesthetic n.  an anaesthetic that affects the whole body, usu. with loss of consciousness 全身麻醉

General Certificate of Education n. (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) an examination set esp. for secondary-school pupils at advanced level and, formerly, at ordinary level (英国、威尔士和北爱尔兰中学生参加的)普通教育证书(考试)

General Certificate of Secondary Education n. (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) an examination replacing and combining the GCE ordinary level and CSE examinations (在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰取代普通教育证书考试的)中等教育证书(考试)

general delivery n. US  the delivery of letters to callers at a post office [美]留局待领邮件

general election n.  the election of representatives to a legislature (esp. in the UK to the House of Commons) from constituencies throughout the country 大选，普选(尤指在英国为议会下院所举行的选举)

general headquarters n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  the headquarters of a military commander 野战总司令部

generalissimo /dʒen(ə)rəˈlisiməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the commander of a combined military force consisting of army, navy, and air force units 大元帅，最高统帅，总司令 [Italian, superlative of generale GENERAL]

generalist /ˈdʒen(ə)rəlist/ n.  a person competent in several different fields or activities (opp. 反义 SPECIALIST) 多面手，知识渊博者

generality /dʒenəˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a statement or principle etc. having general validity or force 通则；普遍性 2  applicability to a whole class of instances 一般，一般性，普遍性 3  vagueness; lack of detail 笼统，概括 4  the state of being general 概要，梗概，概括 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the main body or majority 大部分，大多数 [French généralité from Late Latin generalitas -tatis (as GENERAL)]

generalization /dʒen(ə)rəlaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  a general notion or proposition obtained by inference from (esp. limited or inadequate) particular cases 一般化，普遍化 2  the act or an instance of generalizing 综合，归纳，总结 [French généralisation (as GENERALIZE)]

generalize /ˈdʒen(ə)rəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  a  speak in general or indefinite terms 泛泛地说，笼统地表达b  form general principles or notions 形成一般原理(或概念) 2 tr.  reduce to a general statement, principle, or notion 综合，归纳 3 tr.  a  give a general character to 归纳出，概括出b  call by a general name 形成概念 4 tr.  infer (a law or conclusion) by induction 根据归纳而得出规律(或结论) 5 tr. Math. & Philos.  express in a general form; extend the application of 【数】【哲】概念性地表达；广义化 6 tr. (in painting) render only the typical characteristics of (指绘画)强调…的基本特性(或一般性) 7 tr.  bring into general use 推广，普及 □ generalizable  adj.  □ generalizability  /-zəˈbiliti/ n.  □ generalizer  n.   [French généraliser (as GENERAL)]

generally /ˈdʒen(ə)rəli/ adv.  1  usually; in most cases 通常地，一般地 2  in a general sense; without regard to particulars or exceptions 大体上，概括地，笼统地  generally speaking  大致上说 3  for the most part; extensively 多半，广泛地  not generally known  不普遍知晓，不广为人知 4  in most respects 各方面，总体上，基本上  they were generally well-behaved  他们基本上表现良好

general meeting n.  a meeting open to all the members of a society etc. 全体(成员)大会

General National Vocational Qualification n. (in the UK) a general qualification offered by schools and colleges to prepare students for specific training or higher education, set at various levels and (at Intermediate and Advanced levels) corresponding in standard to GCSE and GCE A levels (英国)国家职业技术证书(考试) (相当于中等教育证书 GCSE 和普通教育证书 GCE 的 A 级)

general practitioner n.  a doctor working in the community and treating cases of all kinds in the first instance, as distinct from a consultant or specialist 全科医生，普通医生(与会诊医生或专科医生相对) □ general practice  n.  

general-purpose adj.  having a range of potential uses or functions; not specialized in design 多用途的，多功能的，通用的

generalship /ˈdʒen(ə)rəlʃip/ n.  1  the art or practice of exercising military command 军事指挥艺术或实践 2  military skill; strategy 军事技巧；战略，战术 3  skilful management; tact, diplomacy 管理才能；交际手段，权谋

general staff n.  the staff assisting a military commander in planning and administration (司令部的)全体参谋，总参谋部

general strike n.  a strike of workers in all or most trades 总罢工，全面罢工

General Synod n.  the highest governing body in the Church of England 英国国教的最高统治权利机构

General Thanksgiving n.  a form of thanksgiving in the Book of Common Prayer or the Alternative Service Book (圣公会的)祈祷书或公祷书中的感恩仪式

general theory of relativity  see 见 RELATIVITY 2b 

generate /ˈdʒenəreit/ v. tr.  1  bring into existence; produce, evolve 生殖，生育 2  produce (electricity) 发(电)，产生(电) 3 Math. (of a point, line, or surface) move and so notionally form or trace out (a line, surface, or solid) 【数】(通过点、线、面的活动而)生成，形成(线、面、物体) 4 Math. & Linguistics  produce (a set or sequence of items) by performing specified operations on or applying specified rules to an initial set 【数】【语言学】(对初始集进行运算或运用规则)生成(新的集或项目序列) □ generable  /-rəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin generare ‘beget’ (as GENUS)]

generation /dʒenəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  all the people born at a particular time, regarded collectively 代(大致在同一时代内出生的所有人)  my generation  我这一代人 the rising generation  下一代，成长的一代 2  a single step in descent or pedigree 家族中的一代(一辈)  have known them for three generations  和他们已有三代之交 3  a stage in (esp. technological) development (尤指技术的)代  fourth-generation computers  第 4 代电脑 4  the average time in which children are ready to take the place of their parents (usu. reckoned at about 30 years) 一代人成长的时间，代(通常认为在 30 年左右) 5  production by natural or artificial process, esp. the production of electricity or heat (通过自然或人工过程)产生，发生(尤指电或热的产生) 6  a  procreation; the propagation of species 生育，物种繁殖b  the act of begetting or being begotten 产生(或被产生) □ generational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin generatio -onis (as GENERATE)]

generation gap n.  differences of outlook or opinion between those of different generations 代沟

generative /ˈdʒen(ə)rətiv/ adj.  1  of or concerning procreation 生育的，有关生育的 2  able to produce, productive 能生育的，有生育能力的 [Middle English from Old French generatif or Late Latin generativus (as GENERATE)]

generative grammar n.  a set of rules whereby permissible sentences may be generated from the elements of a language 生成词法

generator /ˈdʒenəreitə/ n.  1  a machine for converting mechanical into electrical energy; a dynamo 发电机 2  an apparatus for producing gas, steam, etc. (煤气、蒸汽等的)发生器 3  a person who generates an idea etc.; an originator 创始者，发明人

generic /dʒiˈnerik/ adj.  1  characteristic of or relating to a class; general, not specific or special 类别的，一般的，非特指(或专门)的 2 Biol.  characteristic of or belonging to a genus 【生】属的，类的 3 (of goods, esp. a drug) having no brand name; not protected by a registered trade mark (商品，尤指药品)无商标(或品牌)的，不受注册商标保护的 □ generically  adv.   [French générique from Latin GENUS]

generous /ˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  giving or given freely 慷慨的，大方的 2  magnanimous, noble-minded, unprejudiced 宽宏大量的，心地高尚的，无偏见的 3  a  ample, abundant, copious 大量的，丰富的  a generous portion  一份丰富的食品b (of wine) rich and full (指酒)浓的，浓郁的，浓烈的 □ generosity  /-ˈrɒsiti/ n.  □ generously  adv.  □ generousness  n.   [Old French genereus from Latin generosus ‘noble, magnanimous’ (as GENUS)]

genesis /ˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the origin, or mode of formation or generation, of a thing 起源，开端，创始 2 (作 Genesis)  the first book of the Old Testament, with an account of the creation of the world (《旧约》首篇《创世纪》) [Latin from Greek, from gen- ‘be produced’, root of gignomai ‘become’]

genet /ˈdʒenit/ n. (also 亦作 genette /dʒiˈnet/)  1  any catlike mammal of the genus Genetta, native to Africa and S. Europe, with spotted fur and a long ringed bushy tail (原产于非洲和南欧的)香猫，麝(香)猫 2  the fur of the genet 麝(香)猫的皮 [Middle English via Old French genete from Arabic jarnait]

gene therapy n. Med.  the introduction of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders 【医】基因疗法

genetic /dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  1  of genetics or genes; inherited 基因的；遗传的 2  of, in, or concerning origin; causal 初始的；原因的 □ genetically  adv.   [GENESIS, on the pattern of antithetic]

genetic code n. Biochem.  the system of correspondence between triplets of bases in DNA and specific amino acids, by which a gene sequence embodies the instructions for synthesis of a specific protein 【生化】遗传密码

genetic engineering n.  the deliberate modification of the characters of an organism by the manipulation of the genetic material 遗传工程

genetic fingerprinting n. (also 亦作 genetic profiling)  the analysis of characteristic patterns in DNA as a means of identifying individuals 遗传指纹学

genetics /dʒiˈnetiks/ n.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics 遗传学 2 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  the genetic properties or features of an organism, characteristic, etc. (生物等的)遗传特征，遗传特质  the genetics of disease resistance  对疾病抵抗力的遗传 □ geneticist  /-tisist/ n.  

genette var.  of GENET  GENET 的变体

Geneva /dʒiˈni:və/ n.  日内瓦 [瑞士城市]

Geneva bands /dʒiˈni:və/ n. pl.  two white cloth strips attached to the collar of some Protestants' clerical dress 日内瓦加尔文派(新教)牧师祭衣的白领带 [Geneva in Switzerland, where originally worn by Calvinists]

Geneva Convention /dʒiˈni:və/ n.  an international agreement first made at Geneva in 1864 and later revised, governing the status and treatment of captured and wounded military personnel in wartime 日内瓦公约

genever /dʒiˈni:və/ n. (also literary [亦文学用语] geneva)  Dutch gin (荷兰)杜松子酒 [Dutch via Old French genevre from alteration of Latin juniperus, with assimilation of the variant to the place name Geneva]

genial1 /ˈdʒi:niəl/ adj.  1  jovial, sociable, kindly, cheerful 愉快的，亲切的，和蔼的，高兴的 2 (of the climate) mild and warm; conducive to growth (指气候)温暖宜人的，舒适的；有利于生活和生长的 3  cheering, enlivening 令人快活高兴的，使人更加愉快的 □ geniality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ genially  adv.   [Latin genialis (as GENIUS)]

genial2 /dʒiˈni:əl/ adj. Anat.  of or relating to the chin 【解】颚的 [Greek geneion ‘chin’ from genus ‘jaw’]

genic /ˈdʒi:nik, ˈdʒen-/ adj.  of or relating to genes 基因的；基因性的，由基因引起的，遗传的

-genic /ˈdʒenik/ comb. form forming adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成形容词，意为 :  1  producing (carcinogenic 致癌的 ; pathogenic 致病的) 生育的，产生的 2  well suited to (photogenic 适于拍照的 ; radiogenic 适合无线电传送的) 合适的，适于…的 3  produced by (iatrogenic 医原性的) 产生于 □ -genically  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词 [-GEN + -IC]

genie /ˈdʒi:ni/ n. (pl. usu. 通常作 genii /ˈdʒi:niai/)  a jinnee or spirit of Arabian folklore, esp. one contained within a bottle, lamp, etc., and capable of granting wishes (阿拉伯故事中的)神怪，妖怪 [French génie from Latin GENIUS: cf. JINNEE]

genii pl.  of GENIE , GENIUS 

genista /dʒiˈnistə, dʒe-/ n.  any almost leafless shrub of the genus Genista, with a profusion of yellow pea-shaped flowers, including dyer's greenweed and various brooms (包括染料木等在内的)染料木属植物(少叶灌木，花多且形为黄豆状) [Latin]

genital /ˈdʒenit(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the reproductive organs 生殖的，生殖器的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the external organ or organs of reproduction 生殖器，外阴部 [Old French génital or Latin genitalis from gignere genit- ‘beget’]

genitalia /dʒeniˈteiliə/ n. pl.  the genitals 生殖器，外阴部 [Latin, neut. pl. of genitalis: see GENITAL]

genitive /ˈdʒenitiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) corresponding to of, from, and other prepositions and indicating possession or close association 生格，属格，所有格；名词和代词(及语法上与其一致的词)的格(相当于表示所有或密切关系的介词 of, from) ●adj.  of or in the genitive 属格的，所有格的 □ genitival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ genitivally  /-ˈtaiv(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French genetif, -ive or Latin genitivus from gignere genit- ‘beget’]

genito- /ˈdʒenitəʊ/ comb. form  genital [构词成分]生殖，生殖器

genito-urinary /ˌdʒenitəʊˈjʊərin(ə)ri/ adj.  of the genital and urinary organs 泌尿生殖器的

genius /ˈdʒi:niəs/ n. (pl. geniuses or genii /-niai/)  1 (pl. geniuses)  a  an exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability or tendency 天才，创造力，天赋，天分b  a person having this 天才人物，奇才 2  the tutelary spirit of a person, place, institution, etc. 守护神 3  a person or spirit regarded as powerfully influencing a person for good or evil 对人有很强的或好或坏影响的人或神 4  the prevalent feeling or associations etc. of a nation, age, etc. (国家、时代等的)精神，风貌，倾向 [Latin (in sense 2), from the root of gignere ‘beget’]

genizah /ɡeˈni:zə/ n.  a room attached to a synagogue and housing damaged, discarded, or heretical books etc., and sacred relics 与犹太教会堂相连，用于存放破旧或异端书籍以及圣者遗物的房间 [Hebrew gēnīzɑˉh, literally ‘hiding place’, from gɑˉnaz ‘hide, set aside’]

Genoa /ˈdʒenəuə/ n.  热那亚 [意大利港市]

genoa /ˈdʒenəʊə, dʒeˈnəʊə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 genoa jib)  a large jib or foresail used esp. on racing yachts (尤指参赛帆船上的)大首帆 2 (in full 全称 Genoa cake)  a rich fruit cake with almonds on top 铺有杏仁的奶油水果蛋糕 [Genoa, a city in Italy]

genocide /ˈdʒenəsaid/ n.  the mass extermination of human beings, esp. of a particular race or nation 种族灭绝，种族屠杀 □ genocidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek genos ‘race’ + -CIDE]

genome /ˈdʒi:nəʊm/ n.  1  the haploid set of chromosomes of an organism 染色体组 2  the genetic material of an organism 染色体的基因物质，基因材料 [GENE + CHROMOSOME]

genotype /ˈdʒenətaip, ˈdʒi:n-/ n. Biol.  the genetic constitution of an individual 【生】基因型，遗传型 □ genotypic  /-ˈtipik/ adj.   [German Genotypus (as GENE, TYPE)]

-genous /dʒinəs/ comb. form  forming adjectives meaning ‘produced’ (endogenous 内生的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“…生的”，“…发生的”，“…生长的”

genre /ˈʒɒ˜rə, ˈʒɒnrə/ n.  1  a kind or style, esp. of art or literature (e.g. Romantic, drama, satire) (文艺作品的)类型，风格，流派(如，浪漫主义、戏剧艺术、讽刺文学) 2 (in full 全称 genre painting)  the painting of scenes from ordinary life 风俗画，世态画 [French, = a kind (as GENDER)]

gens /dʒenz/ n. (pl. gentes /-ti:z, -teiz/)  1 Rom. Hist.  a group of families sharing a name and claiming a common origin [罗马]【史】氏族 2 Anthropol.  a number of people sharing descent through the male line 【人】氏族(尤指父系氏族) [Latin, from the root of gignere ‘beget’]

gent /dʒent/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a gentleman 绅士 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. (in shop titles) men [英] (用于商店名称中)男子  gents' outfitters  男人运动用品店 3 (作 the Gents) Brit.  a men's public lavatory [英]男厕所 [abbreviation of GENTLEMAN]

genteel /dʒenˈti:l/ adj.  1  affectedly or ostentatiously refined or stylish 装绅士派头的，赶时髦的，摆架子的 2 often iron. [常讽]  of or appropriate to the upper classes 有上流社会特点的，适合上流社会的 □ genteelly  adv.  □ genteelness  n.   [earlier gentile, readoption of French gentil GENTLE]

genteelism /dʒenˈti:liz(ə)m/ n.  a word used because it is thought to be less vulgar than the commoner word (e.g. 如 perspire for sweat 用 perspire 代替 sweat) (因认为其文雅而代替常用词的)雅语

gentes pl.  of GENS  

gentian /ˈdʒenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Gentiana or Gentianella, found esp. in mountainous regions, and usu. having violet or vivid blue trumpet-shaped flowers 龙胆属植物，龙胆(尤指生长于山区，通常开紫色或蓝色喇叭形花朵的植物) 2 (in full 全称 gentian bitter)  a liquor extracted from the root of the gentian 龙胆苦味汁，龙胆健胃液 [Old English from Latin gentiana, named after Gentius, king of Illyria]

gentian violet n.  a violet dye used as an antiseptic, esp. in the treatment of burns 龙胆紫，紫药水(用作抗菌剂，尤用于治疗灼伤、烫伤)

gentile /ˈdʒentail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (作 Gentile)  a  not Jewish (犹太人眼中的)异邦人的，非犹太人的b (of a person) not belonging to one's religious community, esp. hist. non-Mormon 异教徒的，[尤史义]非摩门教徒的 2  of or relating to a nation or tribe 某一民族或部落的 3 Gram. (of a word) indicating nationality 【语法】表明民族(国籍)的词的 ●n.  1 (作 Gentile)  a person who is not Jewish 异教徒 2 Gram.  a word indicating nationality 【语法】表明民族(国籍)的词 [Middle English from Latin gentilis, from gens gentis ‘family’: see GENS]

gentility /dʒenˈtiliti/ n.  1  social superiority 高贵的社会地位或身份 2  good manners; habits associated with the nobility 文雅风度，绅士气派，彬彬有礼 3  people of noble birth 贵族 [Middle English from Old French gentilité (as GENTLE)]

gentle /ˈdʒent(ə)l/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (gentler, gentlest)  1  mild or kind in temperament 温和的，慈祥的，文雅的 2  a  moderate; not harsh 柔和的，和缓的，不猛烈的  a gentle rebuke  温和的指责 a gentle breeze  和风b  gradual 渐进的，和缓的，缓缓的  gentle progression  渐进，和缓平稳的进展 gentle slope  缓坡 3 archaic  noble [古义]贵族的，有身份的  of gentle birth  贵族出生的，出身名门的 4  quiet; requiring patience 文静的，需要耐心的  gentle art  文雅艺术 5 archaic  generous, courteous [古义]慷慨的，殷勤的 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become gentle or docile 使文雅，使温和，使驯服 2 tr.  handle (a horse etc.) firmly but gently 驯服(马等) ●n.  a maggot, the larva of the meat-fly or bluebottle used as fishing bait (作鱼饵用的)蛆 □ gentleness  n.  □ gently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French gentil from Latin gentilis: see GENTILE]

gentlefolk /ˈdʒent(ə)lfəʊk/ n. pl. literary  people of good family [文学用语]有身份的人，上流人士

gentleman /ˈdʒent(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man (in polite or formal use) (礼貌或正式用法)男人 2  a chivalrous, courteous, or well-educated man 有风度(礼貌或教养)的男人 3  a man of good social position or of wealth and leisure 有身份的男人，上流人士  country gentleman  乡绅 4  a man of gentle birth attached to a royal household 与王室有关联的名门贵族  gentleman in waiting  英王的侍从 5 (in pl. as a form of address 作复数用于对男性的尊称)  a male audience or the male part of an audience 先生(们) [GENTLE + MAN, translating Old French gentilz hom]

gentleman-at-arms n.  one of the bodyguards of the British monarch on ceremonial occasions 君王或国王的侍卫

gentleman farmer n. (pl. gentlemen farmers)  a country gentleman who farms (占有土地，不劳动、只管经营、管理的)乡绅

gentlemanly /ˈdʒent(ə)lmənli/ adj.  like a gentleman in looks or behaviour; befitting a gentleman 绅士的，绅士派头的；适合绅士的 □ gentlemanliness  n.  

gentleman's agreement n. (also 亦作 gentlemen's agreement)  one which is binding in honour but not legally enforceable 君子协定

gentlewoman /ˈdʒent(ə)lwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women) archaic  a woman of good birth or breeding [古义]出身上流(或教养良好)的女人

gentoo /dʒenˈtu:/ n.  a penguin, Pygoscelis papua, esp. abundant in the Falkland Islands 巴布亚企鹅 [perhaps from Anglo-Indian Gentoo = Hindu, from Portuguese gentio GENTILE]

gentrify /ˈdʒentrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  convert (a working-class or inner-city district etc.) into an area of middle-class residence 重建(将以前工人阶级居住区或市中心贫民居住区改建成中产阶级居住区) □ gentrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ gentrifier  n.  

gentry /ˈdʒentri/ n. pl.  1  the class of people next below the nobility in position and birth 绅士，中上阶级 2 derog.  people [贬]人们  these gentry  这些家伙 [probably from obsolete gentrice via Old French genterise, variant of gentelise ‘nobility’, from gentil GENTLE]

genuflect /ˈdʒenjʊflekt/ v. intr.  bend the knee, esp. in worship or as a sign of respect. 屈膝，跪拜(尤指做礼拜或表示尊敬时) □ genuflection  /-ˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 genuflexion)  □ genuflector  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin genuflectere genuflex-, from Latin genu ‘the knee’ + flectere ‘bend’]

genuine /ˈdʒenjʊin/ adj.  1  really coming from its stated, advertised, or reputed source 真正的，名副其实的 2  properly so called; not sham 实在的，真诚的，非伪装的 3  pure-bred 纯种的，血统纯正的 □ genuinely  adv.  □ genuineness  n.   [Latin genuinus from genu ‘knee’, with reference to a father's acknowledging a newborn child by placing it on his knee: later associated with GENUS]

genus /ˈdʒenəs, ˈdʒi:nəs/ n. (pl. genera /ˈdʒen(ə)rə/)  1 Biol.  a taxonomic grouping of organisms having common characteristics distinct from those of other genera, usu. containing several or many species and being one of a series constituting a taxonomic family 【生】(动植物的)属 2  a kind or class having common characteristics 种类，类，型 3 Logic  kinds of things including subordinate kinds or species 【逻辑学】类，类概念 [Latin genus -eris ‘birth, race, stock’]

-geny /dʒəni/ comb. form  forming nouns meaning ‘mode of production or development of’ (anthropogeny 人类起源 ; ontogeny 个体发生 ; pathogeny 病原) [构词成分]构成名词表示“产生或发展”的方式 [French -génie (as -GEN, -Y3)]

Geo. abbr. [缩略]  George 

geo- /ˈdʒi:əʊ/ comb. form  earth [构词成分]地球 [Greek geō- from gē ‘earth’]

geobotany /dʒi:əʊˈbɒt(ə)ni/ n.  the study of the geographical distribution of plants 植物地理分布学，植物地理分布研究 □ geobotanist  n.  

geocentric /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  1  considered as viewed from the centre of the earth 从地心出发计算或观察的，自地心测量的 2  having or representing the earth as the centre; not heliocentric 以地球为中心的；非以太阳为中心的 □ geocentrically  adv.  

geocentric latitude n.  the latitude at which a planet would appear if viewed from the centre of the earth 地心纬度

geochemistry /dʒi:əʊˈkemistri/ n.  the chemistry of the earth and its rocks, minerals, etc. 地球化学 □ geochemical  adj.  □ geochemist  n.  

geochronology /dʒi:əʊkrəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study and measurement of geological time by means of geological events 地质年代学 2  the ordering of geological events 地质年代 □ geochronological  /-krɒnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ geochronologist  n.  

geode /ˈdʒi:əʊd/ n.  1  a small cavity lined with crystals or other mineral matter (地质学的)晶洞，晶球；空心实核 2  a rock containing such a cavity 含有晶洞的岩石 □ geodic  /dʒi:ˈɒdik/ adj.   [Latin geodes from Greek geōdēs ‘earthy’, from gē ‘earth’]

geodesic /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈdesik, -ˈdi:sik/ adj.  1  of or relating to geodesy cf. 参见 GEODETIC 大地测量学的 2  designating, or designed according to, constructional principles based on spheres and geodesic lines 最短线的(以球面和球面上两点间最短距离为基础的建筑学原理)

geodesic dome n.  a dome constructed of short struts along geodesic lines (由多边形的格子构成的)穹形顶

geodesic line n.  the shortest possible line between two points on a curved surface 测地线，短程线(两点之间的最短曲线)

geodesy /dʒiˈɒdisi/ n.  the branch of mathematics dealing with the shape and area of the earth or large portions of it (作为数学分支的)大地测量学 □ geodesist  n.   [modern Latin from Greek geōdaisia (as GEO-, daiō ‘divide’)]

geodetic /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈdetik/ adj.  of or relating to geodesy, esp. as applied to land surveying (尤指用于土地测量的)大地测量学的 [Greek geōdaitēs ‘land surveyor’, from geōdaisia GEODESY]

Geoff /dʒef/   杰夫 [人名]

Geoffrey /ˈdʒefri/   杰弗里 [人名]

geographical /dʒiəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 geographic /-ˈɡræfik/)  of or relating to geography 地理学的，地理的 □ geographically  adv.   [geographic from French géographique or Late Latin geographicus from Greek geōgraphikos (as GEO-, -GRAPHIC)]

geographical latitude n.  the angle made with the plane of the equator by a perpendicular to the earth's surface at any point 地理纬度

geographical mile n.  a distance equal to one minute of longitude or latitude at the equator (about 1,850 metres) 地理英里(赤道上经度一分的长度，约 1850 米)

geography /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the study of the earth's physical features, resources, natural and political divisions, climate, population, products, etc. 地理学 2  the main physical features of an area 地理，地形，地势 3  the layout or arrangement of rooms in a building (建筑等的)布局，配置 □ geographer  n.   [French géographie or Latin geographia from Greek geōgraphia (as GEO-, -GRAPHY)]

geoid /ˈdʒi:ɔid/ n.  1  the shape of the earth 地球体，地球形 2  a shape formed by the mean sea level and its imagined extension under land areas 大地水准面 3  an oblate spheroid 扁圆球体或球形 [Greek geōeidēs (as GEO-, -OID)]

geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of the earth, including the composition, structure, and origin of its rocks 地质学 2  this science applied to any other planet or celestial body 运用于其他星球或外星体的地质学 3  the geological features of a district 某一地区的地质特点 □ geologic  /dʒi:əˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ geological  /dʒi:əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ geologically  /dʒi:əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ geologist  n.  □ geologize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [medieval Latin geologia (as GEO-, -LOGY)]

geomagnetism /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  the study of the magnetic properties of the earth 地磁学 □ geomagnetic  /-mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  □ geomagnetically  /-mæɡˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.  

geomancy /ˈdʒi:əmænsi/ n.  1  the art of siting buildings etc. auspiciously 风水八卦术 2  divination from the configuration of a handful of earth or random dots 泥土占卜 □ geomantic  /-ˈmæntik/ adj.  

geometer /dʒiˈɒmitə/ n.  1  a person skilled in geometry 几何学家，几何学者 2  a  = LOOPER 1 b  = GEOMETRID  [Middle English via Late Latin geometra and Latin geometres from Greek geōmetrēs (as GEO-, metrēs ‘measurer’)]

geometric /dʒiəˈmetrik/ adj. (also 亦作 geometrical)  1  of, according to, or like geometry 几何学的 2 (of a design, architectural feature, etc.) characterized by or decorated with regular lines and shapes (指设计、建筑特征等)有几何图形的 □ geometrically  adv.   [French géometrique via Latin geometricus from Greek geōmetrikos (as GEOMETER)]

geometrical series n.  a series in geometrical progression 几何级数，等比级数

geometric mean n.  the central number in a geometric progression, also calculable as the nth root of a product of n numbers (as 9 from 3 and 27) 几何平均数，等比中项，等比中数(如 9 是 3 与 27 的中数)

geometric progression n.  a progression of numbers with a constant ratio between each number and the one before (as 1, 3, 9, 27, 81) 几何级数，等比级数(如 1 、 3 、 9 、 27 、 81)

geometric tracery n.  tracery with openings of geometric form 几何图案窗格

geometrid /dʒiˈɒmitrid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a moth of the large family Geometridae, whose twiglike caterpillars (loopers) move by looping and straightening the body as if measuring the ground 尺蠖蛾 ●adj.  of or relating to this family 尺蠖蛾科的 [modern Latin genus name Geometra, from Latin geometres GEOMETER]

geometry /dʒiˈɒmitri/ n.  1  the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, and solids 几何学 2  the relative arrangement of objects or parts 几何形状 □ geometrician  /ˌdʒi:əmiˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French geometrie and Latin geometria from Greek (as GEO-, -METRY)]

geomorphology /ˌdʒi:ə(ʊ)mɔ:ˈfɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the physical features of the surface of the earth and their relation to its geological structures 地貌学，地形学 □ geomorphological  /-fəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ geomorphologist  n.  

geophagy /dʒiˈɒfədʒi/ n.  the practice of eating earth 食土；食土癖 [GEO- + Greek phagō ‘eat’]

geophysics /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  the physics of the earth 地球物理学 □ geophysical  adj.  □ geophysicist  /-sist/ n.  

geopolitics /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈpɒlitiks/ n.  1  the politics of a country as determined by its geographical features 地缘政治，地理政治 2  the study of this 地缘政治学，地理政治学 □ geopolitical  /-pəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ geopolitically  /-pəˈlitik(ə)li/ adv.  □ geopolitician  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Geordie /ˈdʒɔ:di/ n. & adj. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  1  a native of Tyneside 泰恩赛德人 2  the dialect spoken on Tyneside 泰恩赛德方言 ●adj.  of or relating to Tyneside, its people, or its dialect 泰恩赛德的；泰恩赛德方言的 [the name George + -IE]

George /dʒɔ:dʒ/ n. Brit. slang  the automatic pilot of an aircraft [英] [俚语]飞机的自动驾驶仪 [the name George]

George Cross /dʒɔ:dʒ/ n. (also 亦作 George Medal) (in the UK) each of two (different) decorations for bravery awarded esp. to civilians, instituted in 1940 by King George VI (英国)乔治十字勋章(英王乔治六世 1940 年颁发的表彰英勇行为的勋章)

georgette /dʒɔ:ˈdʒet/ n.  a thin silk or crêpe dress material 乔其纱 [named after Georgette de la Plante (c. 1900), French dressmaker]

Georgia   格鲁吉亚

Georgian1 /ˈdʒɔ:dʒ(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of the time of Kings George I － IV (1714 － 1830), esp. of architecture of this period (英国)乔治一世至四世 (1714 年至 1830 年)统治时期的或具有这一时期特点的(尤指这一时期的建筑) 2  of or characteristic of the time of Kings George V and VI (1910 － 52), esp. of the literature of 1910 － 20 (英国)乔治五世至六世 (1910 年至 1952 年)统治时期的；具有这一时期特点的(尤指 1910 至 1920 年这一时期的文学)

Georgian2 /ˈdʒɔ:dʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Georgia, a country of SE Europe (东南欧洲国家)格鲁吉亚的 ●n.  1  a native of Georgia; a person of Georgian descent 格鲁吉亚人；格鲁吉亚后裔 2  the language of Georgia 格鲁吉亚语

Georgian3 /ˈdʒɔ:dʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Georgia in the US (美国)佐治亚州的，佐治亚州人的 ●n.  a native of Georgia 佐治亚州人

Georgie /dʒɔ:ˈdʒi/   乔治 [人名]

Georgina /dʒɔ:ˈdʒi:nə/   乔治娜 [人名]

geoscience /dʒi:əʊˈsaiəns/ n.  earth sciences, esp. geology 地球科学(尤指地质学) □ geoscientist  n.  

geosphere /ˈdʒi:ə(ʊ)sfiə/ n.  1  the solid surface of the earth 地球表层 2  any of the almost spherical concentric regions of the earth and its atmosphere 地圈(地球表层及其大气层的任何同心圆区)

geostationary /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈsteiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. (of an artificial satellite of the earth) moving in such an orbit as to remain above the same point on the earth's surface (cf. 参见 GEOSYNCHRONOUS) (人造卫星等)对地同步的，对地静止的

geostrophic /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈstrɒfik/ adj. Meteorol.  depending upon the rotation of the earth 【气】地转的，因地转而引起的 [GEO- + Greek strophē ‘a turning’ from strephō ‘to turn’]

geosynchronous /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈsiŋkrənəs/ adj. (of an artificial satellite of the earth) moving in an orbit equal to the earth's period of rotation (cf. 参见 GEOSTATIONARY) (人造卫星等)对地同步的，对地静止的

geothermal /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  relating to, originating from, or produced by the internal heat of the earth 地热的，有关地热的

geotropism /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m/ n.  plant growth in relation to gravity 向地性植物 □ geotropic  /dʒi:ə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/ adj.   [GEO- + Greek tropikos, via tropē ‘a turning’ from trepō ‘to turn’]

Geraint /ˈgeraint/   杰伦特 [人名]

Gerald /ˈdʒerəld/   杰拉尔德 [人名]

Geraldine /ˈdʒerəldi:n, ˈdʒerəldain/   杰拉尔丁 [人名]

geranium /dʒiˈreiniəm/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant or shrub of the genus Geranium bearing fruit shaped like the bill of a crane, e.g. cranesbill 老鹳草属植物；天竺葵(其果实状如鹤喙，如老鹳草) 2 (in general use) a cultivated pelargonium (泛指)经人工培植的老鹳草，天竺葵 3  the colour of the scarlet geranium 猩红色 [Latin from Greek geranion, from geranos ‘crane’]

Gerard /ˈdʒerɑ:d, dʒəˈrɑ:d/   杰勒德 [人名]

gerbera /ˈdʒɜ:b(ə)rə, ˈɡɜ:-/ n.  any plant of the genus Gerbera (daisy family) of Africa or Asia, esp. the Transvaal daisy (雏菊科的)非洲菊(尤指德兰士瓦省雏菊) [named after T. Gerber, German naturalist d. 1743]

gerbil /ˈdʒɜ:bil/ n.  a mouselike desert rodent of the subfamily Gerbillinae, esp. Meriones unguiculatus, kept as a pet 沙鼠；沙鼠亚科动物(尤指长爪沙鼠，可做宠物) [French gerbille from modern Latin gerbillus, diminutive of gerbo JERBOA]

gerenuk /ˈɡerənʊk/ n.  an antelope, Litocranius walleri, native to E. Africa, with a very long neck and small head (尤指东非)长颈羚羊 [Somali]

gerfalcon var.  of GYRFALCON  GYRFALCON 的变体

geriatric /dʒeriˈætrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to old people 老年的 2 colloq.  old, outdated [口]老旧的，过时的，老式的 ●n.  1  an old person, esp. one receiving special care (尤指被特殊护理的)老人 2 colloq.  a person or thing considered as relatively old or outdated [口] (指人或物)老人；过时货，旧货 [Greek gēras ‘old age’ + iatros ‘doctor’]■Usage 用法说明 Geriatric should be used only in sense 1 of the adjective and noun except in very informal contexts. When applied to people in sense 2, it may cause offence. 除用于十分非正式的文体外， geriatric 一词只可作为释义 1 中的形容词和名词使用。若作为释义 2 中的“老人”使用，则易冒犯他人。 

geriatrics /dʒeriˈætriks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a branch of medicine or social science dealing with the health and care of old people 老年医学 □ geriatrician  /-əˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  

germ /dʒɜ:m/ n.  1  a micro-organism, esp. one which causes disease 微生物，细菌(尤指病菌) 2  a  a portion of an organism capable of developing into a new one; the rudiment of an animal or plant 胚芽；芽孢b  an embryo of a seed 胚  wheatgerm  麦胚 3  an original idea etc. from which something may develop; an elementary principle 起源，根源；基本原理 □ in germ   not yet developed 处于萌芽状态，处在不发达阶段□ germy  adj.   [French germe from Latin germen germinis ‘sprout’]

Germaine /dʒɜ:ˈmein/   杰曼 [人名]

German /ˈdʒɜ:mən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Germany; a person of German descent 日尔曼人的，德国人的；日尔曼后裔，德国后裔 2  the language of Germany, also used in Austria and Switzerland 德语(亦用于奥地利和瑞士) ●adj.  of or relating to Germany or its people or language 德国的，德国人的，德语的 [Latin Germanus, with reference to related peoples of central and northern Europe, a name perhaps given by Celts to their neighbours: cf. Old Irish gair ‘neighbour’]

german /ˈdʒɜ:mən/ adj.  placed after 置于 brother , sister , or cousin  之后  1  having both parents the same 同父母的  brother german  嫡亲兄弟 2  having both grandparents the same on one side 同祖父母的  cousin german  嫡堂(或表)兄弟(或姐妹) 3 archaic  germane [古义]关系密切的，有关的 [Middle English via Old French germain from Latin germanus ‘genuine, of the same parents’]

germander /dʒəˈmændə/ n.  any plant of the genus Teucrium 石蚕属植物 [Middle English from medieval Latin germandra, ultimately via Greek khamaidrus from khamai ‘on the ground’ + drus ‘oak’]

germander speedwell n.  a creeping plant, Veronica chamaedrys, with germander-like leaves and blue flowers 美州石蚕；石蚕状婆婆纳(一种蔓延植物，兰色花朵，叶状如石蚕属植物)

germane /dʒɜ:ˈmein/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  relevant (to a subject under consideration) (与问题)相关的，适合的 □ germanely  adv.  □ germaneness  n.   [variant of GERMAN]

Germanic /dʒɜ:ˈmænik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having German characteristics 有德国(人)特点的；德语的；日尔曼(人、民族、语言)的 2 hist.  of the Germans [史义]德国人的 3  of the Scandinavians, Anglo-Saxons, or Germans 斯堪地纳维亚人的，盎格鲁撒克逊人的，或日尔曼人的 4  of the languages or language group called Germanic 日尔曼语系的 ●n.  1  the branch of Indo-European languages including English, German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages 日尔曼语系(印欧语系的重要分支，包括英语、德语、荷兰语及斯堪地纳维亚语) 2  the (unrecorded) early language from which other Germanic languages developed (无文字记录的)早期日尔曼语 [Latin Germanicus (as GERMAN)]

germanic /dʒɜ:ˈmænik/ adj. Chem.  of or containing germanium, esp. in its tetravalent state 【化】(含)锗的；(含)四价锗的

Germanist /ˈdʒɜ:mənist/ n.  an expert in or student of the language, literature, and civilization of Germany, or Germanic languages 德国语言学家，日尔曼语专家，德国研究专家

germanium /dʒɜ:ˈmeiniəm/ n. Chem.  a lustrous brittle semi-metallic element occurring naturally in sulphide ores and used in semiconductors (symbol 符 Ge) 【化】(化学元素)锗 [modern Latin, from Germanus GERMAN]

Germanize /ˈdʒɜ:mənaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become German; adopt or cause to adopt German customs etc. 使德意志化；(使)具有德意志风俗(习惯等) □ Germanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ Germanizer  n.  

German measles n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  a contagious disease, rubella, with symptoms like mild measles 风疹

Germano- /dʒɜ:ˈmænəʊ, ˈdʒɜ:mənəʊ/ comb. form  German; German and [构词成分]德国的，德国和…的

germanous /dʒɜ:ˈmeinəs/ adj. Chem.  containing germanium in the divalent state 【化】含二价锗的

German shepherd n. (also 亦作 German shepherd dog)  an Alsatian 德国牧羊犬

German silver n.  a white alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper 锌白铜(锌、铜的合金)

Germany   德国

germ cell n.  1  a cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete 生殖细胞 2  any embryonic cell with the potential of developing into a gamete 配子胚胎

germicide /ˈdʒɜ:misaid/ n.  a substance destroying germs, esp. those causing disease 杀菌剂 □ germicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

germinal /ˈdʒɜ:min(ə)l/ adj.  1  relating to or of the nature of a germ or germs (see 见 GERM 1) 胚种的，幼芽的 2  in the earliest stage of development 初期的 3  productive of new ideas 产生新观点的 □ germinally  adv.   [Latin germen germin- ‘sprout’]

germinate /ˈdʒɜ:mineit/ v.  1  a intr.  sprout, bud, or put forth shoots 发芽，萌发，发育b tr.  cause to sprout or shoot 使发芽，使发育 2  a tr.  cause (ideas etc.) to originate or develop 促使(观念、看法等)产生或发展b intr.  come into existence 发生，发展 □ germination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ germinative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ germinator  n.   [Latin germinare germinat- (as GERM)]

germ layer n. Biol.  each of the three layers of cells (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) that are formed in the early embryo 【生】胚层

germ line n. Biol.  a series of germ cells each descended from earlier cells in the series, regarded as continuing through successive generations of an organism 【生】胚线

germon /ˈdʒɜ:mən/ n.  = ALBACORE 1  [French]

germ plasm n.  germ cells collectively; their genetic material 生殖细胞；遗传物质，种质

germ warfare n.  the systematic spreading of micro-organisms to cause disease in an enemy population 细菌战

Geronimo /dʒəˈrɒniməʊ/ int.  expressing exhilaration when leaping etc. 杰罗尼莫！ (尤指第二次世界大战中美国士兵跳伞时的呐喊) [Name of an Apache chief, used as a slogan by US paratroopers in the Second World War]

gerontocracy /dʒerɒnˈtɒkrəsi/ n.  1  government by old people 老人政府，老人组成的统治集团 2  a state or society so governed 老人统治 □ gerontocrat  /dʒeˈrɒntəkræt/ n.  □ gerontocratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.   [Greek gerōn -ontos ‘old man’ + -CRACY]

gerontology /dʒerɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of old age, the process of ageing, and the special problems of old people 老年学，老年医学 □ gerontological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ gerontologist  n.   [Greek gerōn -ontos ‘old man’ + -LOGY]

-gerous /dʒ(ə)rəs/ comb. form  forming adjectives meaning ‘bearing’ (lanigerous 有羊毛的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“有…的”，“生有…的”，“方式”等 [from Latin -ger ‘bearing’ (from root of gerere ‘to bear’) + -OUS]

Gerry /ˈgeri/   格里 [人名]

gerrymander /ˈdʒerimændə/ v. & n. (also Brit. [亦英] jerrymander) ●v. tr.  1  manipulate the boundaries of (a constituency etc.) so as to give undue influence to some party or class 改划(一地区的选区)以谋取利益 2  manipulate (a situation etc.) to gain advantage 操纵(形势等)以获取优势 ●n.  this practice 操纵行为 □ gerrymanderer  n.   [the name of Governor Gerry of Massachusetts + SALAMANDER, from the shape of a district on a political map drawn when he was in office (1812)]

Gertie /ˈgɜ:ti/   格蒂 [人名]

Gertrude /ˈgɜ:tru:d/   格特鲁德 [人名]

gerund /ˈdʒerʌnd/ n. Gram.  a form of a verb functioning as a noun, originally in Latin ending in -ndum (declinable), in English ending in -ing and used distinctly as a part of a verb (e.g. 如 do you mind my asking you? 你介意我的问题吗？) 【语法】英语动名词 [Late Latin gerundium from gerundum, variant of gerendum, the gerund of Latin gerere ‘do’]

gerundive /dʒəˈrʌndiv/ n. Gram.  a form of a Latin verb, ending in -ndus (declinable) and functioning as an adjective meaning ‘that should or must be done’ etc. 【语法】拉丁动形词(以 -ndus 结尾，用作形容词，表示“应该”，“必须”) [Late Latin gerundivus (modus ‘mood’) from gerundium: see GERUND]

gesso /ˈdʒesəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  plaster of Paris or gypsum as used in painting or sculpture. ﹙绘画、雕刻用的﹚石膏粉 [Italian, from Latin gypsum: see GYPSUM]

gestalt /ɡəˈʃtɑ:lt, -ˈʃtælt/ n. Psychol.  an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts 【心】完形，格式塔 □ gestaltism  n.  □ gestaltist  n.   [German, = form, shape]

gestalt psychology n.  a system maintaining that perceptions, reactions, etc., are gestalts 完形心理学，格式塔心理学

Gestapo /ɡəˈstɑ:pəʊ/ n.  1  the German secret police under Nazi rule (纳粹德国的秘密警察)盖世太保 2 derog.  an organization compared to this [贬]其他类似的组织 [German, from Geheime Staatspolizei]

gestate /dʒeˈsteit/ v. tr.  1  carry (a foetus) in gestation 怀(胎) 2  develop (an idea etc.) 酝酿，孕育(观点、看法等)

gestation /dʒeˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth 怀孕，妊娠b  this period 怀孕期，妊娠期 2  the private development of a plan, idea, etc. 酝酿，孕育 [Latin gestatio from gestare, frequentative of gerere ‘carry’]

gesticulate /dʒeˈstikjʊleit/ v.  1 intr.  use gestures instead of or in addition to speech 用姿势和动作表达意思 2 tr.  express with gestures 用手势表达 □ gesticulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ gesticulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ gesticulator  n.  □ gesticulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin gesticulari from gesticulus, diminutive of gestus GESTURE]

gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a movement of a limb or the body as an expression of thought or feeling 姿态，手势 2  the use of such movements esp. to convey feeling or as a rhetorical device 用手势(或姿势)表达(或示意) 3  an action to evoke a response or convey intention, usu. friendly 姿态，表示(尤指友好的表示)  goodwill gesture  友好的姿态 ●v. tr. & intr.  gesticulate 用手势示意或表示 □ gestural  adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin gestura from Latin gerere gest- ‘wield’]

get /ɡet/ v. & n. ●v. (getting; past got /ɡɒt/ or archaic [古义] gat /ɡæt/; past part. got or N. Amer. [北美] (and in comb. 用于复合词) gotten /ˈɡɒt(ə)n/)  1 tr.  come into the possession of; receive or earn 获得；得到；赢得；挣到  get a job  找到工作 got £ 200 a week  每周能挣到 200 英镑 got first prize  赢得一等奖 2 tr.  fetch, obtain, procure, purchase 拿到；获得；(努力)取得；购买  get my book for me  帮我把我的书拿来 got a new car  买了一辆新车 3 tr.  go to reach or catch (a bus, train, etc.) 赶上乘坐(公共汽车、火车等) 4 tr.  prepare (a meal etc.) 准备，做(饭等) 5 intr. & tr.  reach or cause to reach a certain state or condition; become or cause to become (使)达到(某种程度或状况)；(使)变成或成为  get rich  发财 get one's feet wet  把脚弄湿了 get to be famous  成名，出名 got them ready  把它们弄好 got him into trouble  给他找了麻烦 6 tr.  obtain as a result of calculation 计算出，得出 7 tr.  contract (a disease etc.) 感染上，患上(疾病等) 8 tr.  establish or be in communication with via telephone or radio; receive (a radio signal) 收听到，收看到(电话、收音机等)；接收到(无线电讯号) 9 tr.  experience or suffer; have inflicted on one; receive as one's lot or penalty 经历或遭受；加以(处罚或判刑)；经受，受到(惩罚等)  got four years in prison  坐了 4 年牢 10  a tr.  succeed in bringing, placing, etc. 弄到或搬到(某处)  get it round the corner  把它弄到墙角去 cannot get the key into the lock  不能把钥匙插进锁里 get it on to the agenda  把它记到备忘录上 flattery will get you nowhere  恭维话对你毫无益处b intr. & tr.  succeed or cause to succeed in coming or going (使)来(或到达) (某处)  will get you there somehow  总会把你带到那里的 got absolutely nowhere  哪儿也没去成 11 tr. (prec. by 前接 have)  a  possess 拥有；占有  have not got a penny  身无分文b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  be bound or obliged 不得不；使成为必要  have got to see you  必须要见你 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin. 加不定式)  induce; prevail upon 诱劝；胜过  got them to help me  劝说他们来帮我 13 tr. colloq.  understand (a person or an argument) [口]理解，明白，懂  have you got that?  你明白了吗？ I get your point  你的意思我懂了 do you get me?  你听懂我的意思了吗？ 14 tr. colloq.  inflict punishment or retribution on, esp. in retaliation [口]惩罚或因过失而遭到报复  I'll get you for that  我会让你因此尝到苦头的 15 tr. colloq. [口]  a  annoy 使(某人)不悦；惹恼b  move; affect emotionally 使(某人)感动；使(某人)情绪波动c  attract, obsess 吸引(某人)，使(某人)牵挂或惦念d  amuse 逗(某人)笑 16 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  develop an inclination as specified 产生某种特殊的倾向、意向等  am getting to like it  开始喜欢上它了 17 intr. (foll. by 后跟 pres. part.)  begin 开始  get going  开始；动手 18 tr. (esp. in 尤用于 past or perfect)  catch in an argument; corner, puzzle 使不解，使困惑 19 tr.  establish (an idea etc.) in one's mind 在(某人)心中留下(某种印象、看法等) 20 intr. slang  be off; go away [俚语]不在；离开，走开 21 tr. archaic  beget [古义]使怀孕 22 tr. archaic  learn; acquire (knowledge) by study [古义]学，学习；通过学习获取知识 ●n.  1  a  an act of begetting (of animals) (指动物)生，使生崽儿b  an offspring (of animals) (动物的)崽儿 2 Brit. slang  a fool or idiot [英] [俚语]傻瓜，白痴 □ be getting on for   be approaching (a specified time, age, etc.) 接近，靠近，快要(尤指一具体时间、年龄等)□ get about (or around)   1  travel extensively or fast; go from place to place 走动；旅行，往来 2  manage to walk, move about, etc. (esp. after illness) (病后)下床活动了 3 (of news) be circulated, esp. orally (消息等)传开(尤指口头传播)□ get across   1  manage to communicate (an idea etc.) 使人了解(想法、看法、观点等) 2 (of an idea etc.) be communicated successfully (把某事)讲清楚 3 Brit. colloq.  annoy, irritate [英口]惹恼，惹怒□ get along (or on)   1 (foll. by 后跟 together, with)  live harmoniously, accord 和睦相处 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a (as 作 imper.)  be off! 走开，出去b (as 作 int.)  nonsense! (expressing scepticism) 胡说(表示怀疑)□ get at   1  reach; get hold of 达到；拿到，够得着 2 colloq.  imply [口]意指  what are you getting at?  你说这话是什么意思？ 3 colloq.  nag, criticize, bully [口]挑剔，批评，欺负□ get away   1  escape 逃脱 2 (as 作 int.) colloq.  expressing disbelief or scepticism [口]表示不相信(或怀疑) 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  escape blame or punishment for 避开责备、惩罚□ get back   1  move back or away 回来，回去 2  return, arrive home 返回，回家 3  recover (something lost) 找回(丢失的东西) 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  contact later 再联系  I'll get back to you  我会再和你联系□ get back at  colloq.  retaliate against [口]报复□ get by  colloq. [口]  1  just manage, even with difficulty 勉强成功 2  be acceptable 可接受的□ get down   1  alight, descend (from a vehicle, ladder, etc.) 下车；下梯子；降下，落下 2  record in writing 记下，写下□ get a person down   depress or deject him or her 使沮丧，使抑郁□ get down to   begin working on or discussing; turn one's attention seriously to 开始着手工作或讨论；重视某事，认真处理某事□ get even  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  achieve revenge; act in retaliation 报复 2  equalize the score 打成平局(平分)□ get his (or hers etc.)  slang [俚语]  1  be killed 被杀，被害 2  suffer retribution 遭受应得的惩罚□ get hold of   1  grasp (physically) 抓住 2  grasp (intellectually); understand 理解，明白 3  make contact with (a person) (与某人)取得联系 4  acquire 获得，取得，得到□ get in   1  enter; gain entrance 进入 2  arrive 到达 3  be elected 获选，当选□ get into   become interested or involved in 产生对某事的爱好或兴趣□ get it  slang  be punished or in trouble [俚语]受到惩罚；有麻烦，要倒霉□ get it into one's head  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  firmly believe or maintain; realize 坚信，坚持；意识到□ get off   1 colloq.  be acquitted; escape with little or no punishment [口]被宣告无罪；免受处罚；从轻发落 2  start 开始出发 3  alight; alight from (a bus etc.) 下来；(从车上等)下来 4  go, or cause to go, to sleep 离开，使离开，使入睡 5 (foll. by 后跟 with, together) Brit. colloq.  form an amorous or sexual relationship, esp. abruptly or quickly [英口] (尤指突然或仓促地)发生爱情或性关系□ get a person off  colloq.  cause a person to be acquitted [口]使某人免受处罚或获得从轻发落□ get on   1  make progress; manage 进步；对付，应付 2  enter (a bus etc.) 上(车等)，进入 3 esp. Brit. [尤英]  = get along 1  4 (usu. as 通常作 getting on) adj. colloq.  grow old [口]变老□ get on to  colloq. [口]  1  make contact with 与某人联系 2  understand; become aware of 理解，明白；察觉，了解□ get out   1  leave or escape 离开，逃脱 2  manage to go outdoors 设法出去 3  alight from a vehicle 下车 4  transpire; become known 公开；为人所知 5  succeed in uttering, publishing, etc. 成功地发表，出版等 6 Brit.  solve or finish (a puzzle etc.) [英]解决，完成(难题等) 7 Cricket  be dismissed 【板球】被判出局□ get a person out   1  help a person to leave or escape 帮某人离开或逃脱 2 Cricket  dismiss (a batsman) 【板球】判击球手出局□ get out of   1  avoid or escape (a duty etc.) 逃(税或责任等) 2  abandon (a habit) gradually 逐渐改变(习惯)□ get a thing out of   manage to obtain (esp. information) from (a person) esp. with difficulty (尤指艰难地从某人处)设法获取(情报)□ get outside (or outside of)  Brit. slang  eat or drink [英] [俚语]吃；喝□ get over   1  recover from (an illness, upset, etc.) (从疾病、抑郁等中)康复，复原 2  overcome (a difficulty) 克服(困难) 3  manage to communicate (an idea etc.) 设法表达(观点、看法等)□ get a thing over (or over with)   complete (a tedious task) promptly 尽快地完成(烦人的工作)□ get one's own back  Brit. colloq.  have one's revenge [英口]报复□ get-rich-quick  adj.  designed or concerned to make a lot of money fast 打算暴富；想迅速致富□ get rid of   see 见 RID □ get round (US [美] around)   1  successfully coax or cajole (a person) esp. to secure a favour (尤指为谋取好处而)劝诱或哄骗某人 2  evade (a law etc.) 逃避(法律责任等)□ get round to   deal with (a task etc.) in due course 在规定的时间内处理(工作等)□ get somewhere   make progress; be initially successful 进步；取得初步胜利□ get there  colloq. [口]  1  succeed 成功，胜利 2  understand what is meant 明白，理解□ get through   1  pass or assist in passing (an examination, an ordeal, etc.) (帮助某人)通过(测验、考验等) 2  finish or use up (esp. resources) 用完，消耗掉(尤指资源) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make contact by telephone 电话联系 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  succeed in making (a person) listen or understand 成功地使(某人)倾听或理解□ get a thing through   cause it to overcome obstacles, difficulties, etc. (使某事)能克服障碍(困难等)□ get to   1  reach 到达 2  = get down to □ get together   gather, assemble 集合，聚会□ get up   1  rise or cause to rise from sitting etc., or from bed after sleeping or an illness 起身，起立；起床；(从病床上)起来 2  ascend or mount, e.g. on horseback 登上，骑上(马背等) 3 (of fire, wind, or the sea) begin to be strong or agitated (指火势、风、海浪)变猛烈 4  prepare or organize 准备，组织 5  enhance or refine one's knowledge of (a subject) 提高，改进(专业)知识 6  work up (a feeling, e.g. anger) 激发，激起(某种感觉，如气愤) 7  produce or stimulate 产生，刺激  get up steam  产生蒸汽 get up speed  提速 8 (often 常作 refl.)  dress or arrange elaborately; make presentable; arrange the appearance of 精心打扮、安排；使外表体面像样；修饰外观 9 (foll. by 后跟 to) Brit. colloq.  indulge or be involved in [英口]投入，牵连，陷入  always getting up to mischief  总是倒霉、不顺利□ get-up-and-go  colloq.  energy, vim, enthusiasm [口]活力，精力，热情□ get the wind up   see 见 WIND1 □ get with child  archaic  make pregnant [古义]使怀孕□ have got it bad (or badly)  slang  be obsessed or affected emotionally [俚语]牵挂的，怀念的，惦记的□ gettable  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse geta ‘obtain, beget, guess’, corresponding to Old English gietan (recorded only in compounds), from Germanic]

get-at-able /ɡetˈætəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  accessible [口]可到达的，可接近的，可获得的

getaway /ˈɡetəwei/ n.  an escape, esp. after committing a crime (尤指犯罪后的)逃脱

get-out n. Brit.  a means of avoiding something [英]避开某事之方法，脱身法

getter /ˈɡetə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  in senses of GET v. 用于 GET 的动词各释义 2 Physics  a substance used to remove residual gas from an evacuated vessel 【物理学】(用于抽空容器的)收气剂 ●v. tr. Physics  remove (gas) or evacuate (a vessel) with a getter 【物理学】用收气剂收气

get-together n. colloq.  a social gathering [口]聚会

get-up n. colloq.  a style or arrangement of dress etc., esp. an elaborate one [口] (尤指精心设计的)服装款式(式样等)

geum /ˈdʒi:əm/ n.  any plant of the genus Geum (rose family) including herb bennet, with rosettes of leaves and yellow, red, or white flowers 水杨梅属，水杨梅(开黄、红或白色花朵) [modern Latin, variant of Latin gaeum]

GeV abbr.  gigaelectronvolt (equivalent to 109 electronvolts) [缩略] 10 亿(千兆)电子伏

gewgaw /ˈɡju:ɡɔ:/ n.  a gaudy plaything or ornament; a bauble 华而不实的东西，小玩意儿 [Middle English: origin unknown]

geyser /ˈɡi:zə, ˈɡai-/ n.  1  an intermittently gushing hot spring that throws up a tall column of water 间歇泉 2 /ˈɡi:zə/ Brit.  an apparatus for heating water rapidly for domestic use [英]家用热水锅炉 [Icelandic Geysir, the name of a particular spring in Iceland, related to geysa ‘to gush’]

GG abbr. Brit.  Governor-General [缩略] [英] (英联邦国家的)总督(英王的官方代表)

Ghana   加纳

Ghanaian /ɡɑ:ˈneiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Ghana in W. Africa (西非)加纳的，加纳人的 ●n.  a native or national of Ghana; a person of Ghanaian descent 加纳人；加纳后裔

gharial /ˈɡæriɑ:l, ɡʌriˈɑ:l, ˈɡɛəriəl/ n. (also 亦作 gavial /ˈɡeiviəl/)  a large Indian crocodile, Gavialis gangeticus, having a long narrow snout widening at the nostrils See also 另见 FALSE GHARIAL 印度食鱼鳄，恒河鳄，长吻鳄；马来鳄 [Hindustani]

ghastly /ɡɑ:s(t)li/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (ghastlier, ghastliest)  1  horrible, frightful 恐怖的，可怕的 2 colloq.  objectionable, unpleasant [口]令人反感的，令人不快的 3  deathlike, pallid 鬼一样的，面色苍白的 ●adv.  in a ghastly or sickly way 鬼一样地，可怕地，恐怖地  ghastly pale  死人般地苍白 □ ghastlily  adv.  □ ghastliness  n.   [Middle English gastlich from obsolete gast ‘terrify’: gh by analogy with ghost]

ghat /ɡɑ:t, ɡɔ:t/ n. in India (印度):  1  steps leading down to a river 通往河流的石阶 2  a landing place (码头)上岸处 3  a defile or mountain pass 窄路，山口 [Hindi ghɑˉt]

Ghazi /ˈɡɑ:zi/ n. (pl. Ghazis) (often as an honorific title 常作尊号或敬语)  a Muslim fighter against non-Muslims (反对异教徒的)伊斯兰教勇士 [Arabic al-ɡ̇ɑˉzī, part. of ɡ̇azɑˉ ‘raid’]

GHB abbr.  gamma hydroxy butyrate, a designer drug with anaesthetic properties, claimed also to be an aphrodisiac [缩略]一种羟基丁酸盐(有麻醉作用，据称亦可用作春药)

ghee /ɡi:/ n. (also 亦作 ghi)  Indian clarified butter esp. from the milk of a buffalo or cow (尤指用水牛奶做成的)印度酥油 [Hindi ghī from Sanskrit ghritɑˊ- ‘sprinkled’]

gherao /ɡeˈraʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in India and Pakistan) coercion of employers, by which their workers prevent them from leaving the premises until certain demands are met (印度与巴基斯坦雇工为其要求得到满足而)胁迫扣押顾主不准离厂 [Hindustani gherna ‘besiege’]

gherkin /ˈɡɜ:kin/ n.  a small variety of cucumber, or a young green cucumber, used for pickling 做泡菜用的小黄瓜，嫩黄瓜 [Dutch gurkje, diminutive of gurk, from Slavonic, ultimately from medieval Greek aggourion]

ghetto /ˈɡetəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a part of a city, esp. a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups (城市中的)少数民族聚居区(尤指贫民区) 2 hist.  the Jewish quarter in a city [史义] (城市中的)犹太居民区 3  a segregated group or area 隔离人群，隔离区域 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  put or keep (people) in a ghetto (将人)关闭在隔离区 □ ghettoize  v. tr. (also 亦作 ghettoise)   [perhaps from Italian getto ‘foundry’ (applied to the site of the first ghetto in Venice in 1516)]

ghetto blaster n. slang  a large portable radio and cassette player, esp. used to play loud pop music [俚语] (尤指用于大声播放流行音乐的)大型便携式收录音机

ghi var.  of GHEE  GHEE 的变体

ghillie var.  of GILLIE  GILLIE 的变体

ghost /ɡəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a supposed apparition of a dead person or animal, often as a nebulous image; a disembodied spirit 鬼；幽灵 2  a mere semblance 幻象，阴影  not a ghost of a chance  毫无希望 3  a secondary or duplicated image produced by defective television reception or by a telescope (光学和电视上的)双重影像 4 archaic  a spirit or soul [古义]灵魂，幽灵 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  act as ghost writer 替人代笔 2 tr.  act as ghost writer of (a work) 为某人代作(文章、作品等) □ ghostlike  adj.   [Old English gɑˉst from West Germanic: gh- occurs first in Caxton, probably influenced by Flemish gheest]

ghostbuster /ˈɡəʊs(t)bʌstə/ n. colloq.  a person who professes to banish ghosts, poltergeists, etc. [口]驱鬼师

ghosting /ˈɡəʊstiŋ/ n.  the appearance of a ‘ghost’ (see 见 GHOST n. 3) or secondary image in a television picture 鬼模样，鬼的样子；(光学和电视上的)双重影像

ghostly /ˈɡəʊs(t)li/ adj. (ghostlier, ghostliest)  like a ghost; spectral 鬼一样的，鬼的，幽灵的 □ ghostliness  n.   [Old English gɑˉstlic (as GHOST)]

ghost town n.  a deserted town with few or no remaining inhabitants 被废弃的城市

ghost train n. (at a funfair) an open-topped miniature railway in which the rider experiences ghoulish sights, sounds, etc. (游乐场的)魔域火车(可使乘客体验到令人毛骨悚然的鬼怪情景)

ghost writer n.  a person who writes on behalf of the credited author of a work 捉刀代笔的人，受雇作文(作画)的人 □ ghost-write  v. tr. & intr.  

ghoul /ɡu:l/ n.  1  a person morbidly interested in death etc. 对死亡等有病态兴趣的人 2  an evil spirit or phantom 邪恶的鬼魂或幽灵 3  a spirit in Arabic folklore preying on travellers (阿拉伯民间故事里专吃旅行者的)鬼魂，食尸鬼 □ ghoulish  adj.  □ ghoulishly  adv.  □ ghoulishness  n.   [Arabic ɡ̇ūl, a protean desert demon]

GHQ abbr. [缩略]  General Headquarters 

ghyll Brit. var.  of GILL3 [英] GILL3 的变体

GI n. & adj. ●n. (pl. GIs)  a private soldier in the US Army (美国陆军)士兵，兵士 ●adj.  of or for US servicemen (美国)士兵的，军用的 [abbreviation of government (or general) issue]

giant /ˈdʒaiənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (fem. giantess /-tis/)  an imaginary or mythical being of human form but superhuman size (虚构或神话中的)巨人 2 (in Greek mythology) one of such beings who fought against the gods (希腊神话中)与众神抗争的巨人 3  an abnormally tall or large person, animal, or plant 巨人，巨兽，巨树 4  a person of exceptional ability, integrity, courage, etc. 卓越超群的人物 5  a star of relatively great size and luminosity 巨星 ●attrib. adj.  1  of extraordinary size or force, gigantic; monstrous 巨大的，巨型的，力大无比的；怪兽般的 2 colloq.  extra large [口]极大的，巨大的  giant packet  巨款 3 (of a plant or animal) of a very large kind (指动植物)巨型的，巨大的 □ giantism  n.  □ giant-like  adj.   [Middle English geant (later influenced by Latin) from Old French, ultimately via Latin gigas gigant- from Greek]

giant-killer n.  a person who defeats a seemingly much more powerful opponent 巨人杀手(能打败强大对手者)

giant sequoia  see 见 SEQUOIA 

giaour /ˈdʒaʊə/ n. derog.  a non-Muslim, esp. a Christian (originally a Turkish name) [贬]异教徒(穆斯林对非伊斯兰教徒、尤其对基督教徒的蔑称) [Persian gaur, probably from Arabic kɑˉfir KAFFIR]

giardiasis /dʒiɑ:ˈdaiəsis/ n. Med.  infection of the gut with a flagellate protozoan of the genus Giardia, esp. Giardia lamblia, causing diarrhoea etc. 【医】贾第虫病(由可引起腹泻的鞭毛虫造成的肠道感染) [modern Latin genus name Giardia (from A. Giard, French biologist d. 1908) + -ASIS]

Gib /dʒib/ n. colloq.  Gibraltar [口]直布罗陀 [abbreviation]

gib /dʒib, ɡib/ n.  a wood or metal bolt, wedge, or pin for holding a machine part etc. in place 凹型楔，扁栓，夹条 [18th c.: origin unknown]

gibber1 /ˈdʒibə, ˈɡibə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  speak fast and inarticulately; chatter incoherently 急促不清楚地讲话；辞不达意地唠叨，含糊不清地喋喋不休 ●n.  such speech or sound 急促而不清楚的话，莫名其妙的话，无意义的声音 [imitative]

gibber2 /ˈɡibə/ n. Austral.  a boulder or large stone [澳]大石头，巨石 [Dharuk giba ‘stone’]

gibberellin /dʒibəˈrelin/ n.  one of a group of plant hormones that stimulate the growth of leaves and shoots 赤霉素 [Gibberella, a genus of fungi, diminutive of genus name Gibbera, from Latin gibber ‘hump’]

gibberish /ˈdʒib(ə)riʃ, ˈɡib-/ n.  unintelligible or meaningless speech; nonsense 莫名其妙的话，无意义的话；废话 [perhaps from GIBBER1 (but attested earlier) + -ISH1 as used in Spanish, Swedish, etc.]

gibbet /ˈdʒibit/ n. & v. ●n. hist. [史义]  1  a  a gallows 绞架b  an upright post with an arm on which the bodies of executed criminals were hung up 罪犯尸体示众架 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  death by hanging 绞刑 ●v. tr. (gibbeted, gibbeting)  1  put to death by hanging 绞死，吊死 2  a  expose on a gibbet 将(某人)悬在示众架上b  hang up as on a gibbet 双手向上吊在某处 3  hold up to contempt 当众羞辱，使出丑 [Middle English from Old French gibet ‘gallows’, diminutive of gibe ‘club’, probably from Germanic]

gibbon /ˈɡib(ə)n/ n.  any small ape of the genus Hylobates, native to SE Asia, having a slender body, long arms, and no tail 长臂猿(原产东南亚，身瘦、臂长、无尾) [French, from a native name]

gibbous /ˈɡibəs/ adj.  1  convex or protuberant 凸面的，隆起的 2 (of a moon or planet) having the bright part greater than a semicircle and less than a circle (月球、行星)光亮部分大于半圆的 3  humped or humpbacked 驼的，驼背的 □ gibbosity  /-ˈbɒsiti/ n.  □ gibbously  adv.  □ gibbousness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin gibbosus, from gibbus ‘hump’]

gibe /dʒaib/ v. & n. (also 亦作 jibe) ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  jeer, mock 嘲笑 ●n.  an instance of gibing; a taunt 嘲笑；讥讽 □ giber  n.   [perhaps from Old French giber ‘handle roughly’]

giblets /ˈdʒiblits/ n. pl.  the liver, gizzard, neck, etc., of a bird, usu. removed and kept separate when the bird is prepared for cooking (禽类的心、肝、胗等)杂碎 [Old French gibelet ‘game stew’, perhaps from gibier ‘game’]

Gibraltar /dʒiˈbrɔ:ltə/ n.  直布罗陀

Gibraltarian /ˌdʒibrɔ:lˈteəriən/ adj. & n.  直布罗陀的(人)

Gibson /ˈgibsən/ n.  吉布森沙漠 [澳大利亚]

Gibson girl /ˈɡibs(ə)n/ n.  a girl typifying the fashionable ideal of around 1900 (作为 1990 年前后时髦女孩典型形象的)吉布森式女孩 [as represented in the work of C.D. Gibson (d. 1944), US artist]

giddy /ˈɡidi/ adj. & v. ●adj. (giddier, giddiest)  1  having a sensation of whirling and a tendency to fall, stagger, or spin round 急速旋转的，发晕的，令人目眩的 2  a  overexcited as a result of success, pleasurable emotion, etc.; mentally intoxicated (由于成功、快乐等而)使人过于激动的；兴奋得不能自制b  excitable, frivolous 易兴奋的，易激动的，轻浮的，轻率的 3  tending to make one giddy 易使人兴奋(或激动)的 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become giddy 使眩晕，使激动，使兴奋 □ giddily  adv.  □ giddiness  n.   [Old English gidig ‘insane’, literally ‘possessed by a god’]

giddy-up /ˈɡidiʌp, -ˈʌp/ int. & v. ●int.  commanding a horse to go or go faster (让马走或快走的)吆喝声 ●v. tr.  urge to go or go faster 吆喝马前行或快走 [reproducing a pronunciation of get up]

gie /ɡi:/ v. tr. & intr. Sc. [苏格兰]  = GIVE 

GIFT /ɡift/ n.  gamete intrafallopian transfer, a technique for assisting conception by introducing mixed ova and sperm into a Fallopian tube 输卵管内配子移植 [acronym]

gift /ɡift/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing given; a present 赠品；礼物 2  a natural ability or talent 天赋，天资 3  the power to give 赠予权  in his gift  有权赠予；由某人授权或准予 4  the act or an instance of giving 赠予 5 colloq.  an easy task [口]轻而易举的事，过分容易的事 ●v. tr.  1  endow with gifts 赠送礼物给某人 2  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  give to as a gift 以…作为礼物送人b  bestow as a gift 作为礼品赠予某人 □ look a gift-horse in the mouth  (usu. neg. 通常作否定)  find fault with what has been given 受礼而加挑剔 [Middle English from Old Norse gipt from Germanic, related to GIVE]

gifted /ˈɡiftid/ adj.  exceptionally talented or intelligent 有天分的，有天赋的 □ giftedly  adv.  □ giftedness  n.  

gift of the gab  see 见 GAB 

gift of tongues  see 见 TONGUE 

gift token n. (also 亦作 gift voucher) Brit.  a voucher used as a gift and exchangeable for goods [英]作为礼品的代金购物券，礼券

giftware /ˈɡiftwɛə/ n.  goods sold as being suitable as gifts 适合作礼物的商品

gift-wrap v. & n. ●v. tr. (-wrapped, -wrapping)  wrap attractively as a gift (用缎带或花边等)包装成礼品状 ●n. (作 giftwrap)  decorative paper etc. for wrapping gifts 礼品包装纸等

gig1 /ɡiɡ/ n.  1  a light two-wheeled one-horse carriage 轻便两轮马车 2  a light ship's boat for rowing or sailing 小划艇 3  a rowing boat esp. for racing 划艇(尤指比赛快艇) [Middle English, perhaps originally = a flighty girl]

gig2 /ɡiɡ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  an engagement of an entertainer, esp. of musicians to play jazz, pop, or dance music, usu. for a single appearance 演出聘约(尤指爵士乐流行音乐的演出) 2  a performance of this kind 特约演出 ●v. intr. (gigged, gigging)  perform a gig 演出一场 [20th c.: origin unknown]

gig3 /ɡiɡ/ n.  a kind of fishing spear 鱼叉，排钩 [short for fizgig, fishgig: cf. Spanish fisga ‘harpoon’]

giga- /ˈɡaiɡə, ˈɡiɡə, dʒ-/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 109  gigawatt  千兆瓦 or  in Computing  用于 【计算】 a factor of 230  gigabyte  千兆字节 [构词成分] 109 ，表示“京”，“千兆”，“十亿”；230 [Greek gigas ‘giant’]

gigaflop /ˈɡaiɡəflɒp, ˈɡiɡə-, dʒ-/ n. Computing  a unit of computing speed equal to one thousand million floating-point operations per second 【计算】计算机运行速度单位，相当于每秒进行 10 亿次浮点运算

gigametre /ˈɡaiɡəmi:tə, ˈɡiɡə-, dʒ-/ n.  a metric unit equal to 109 metres 千兆米，十亿米，百万公里(米制单位)

gigantic /dʒaiˈɡæntik/ adj.  1  very large; enormous 庞大的；巨大的 2  like or suited to a giant 巨人似的 □ gigantesque  /-ˈtesk/ adj.  □ gigantically  adv.   [Latin gigas gigantis GIANT]

gigantism /ˈdʒaiɡæntiz(ə)m, dʒaiˈɡæntiz(ə)m/ n.  abnormal largeness, esp. Med. excessive growth due to hormonal imbalance, or Bot. excessive size due to polyploidy in plants 巨大，庞大(尤)【医】(由于荷尔蒙失调而引发的)巨大畸形；巨人症，巨体；【植】硕大态(生长过大而抑制繁殖)

giggle /ˈɡiɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  laugh in half-suppressed spasms, esp. in an affected or silly manner 咯咯地笑(尤指假笑或傻笑) ●n.  1  such a laugh 咯咯的笑，傻笑 2 colloq.  an amusing person or thing; a joke [口]可笑的人或事；玩笑 □ giggler  n.  □ giggly  adj. (gigglier, giggliest)   [imitative]

GIGO /ˈɡaiɡəʊ/ abbr. Computing  garbage in, garbage out [缩略]【计算】无用输入，无用输出

gigolo /ˈʒiɡələʊ, dʒ-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a young man paid by an older woman to be her escort or lover (有钱的年长妇女雇的)男伴或情人 2  a professional male dancing partner or escort 舞男，职业男伴 [French, formed as masc. of gigole ‘dance hall woman’]

gigot /ˈdʒiɡət/ n.  a leg of mutton or lamb 羊腿 [French, diminutive of dialect gigue ‘leg’]

gigot sleeve n.  a leg-of-mutton sleeve 羊腿形袖子

gigue /ʒi:ɡ/ n.  1  = JIG 1  2 Mus.  a lively piece of music usu. in a dotted rhythm with two sections each repeated 【音】吉格舞曲 [French: see JIG]

Gilbert /ˈgilbət/   吉尔伯特 [人名]

gild1 /ɡild/ v. tr. (past part. gilded or as adj. in sense 1 用于释义 1 作形容词时为 gilt)  1  cover thinly with gold 镀金，贴金箔 2  tinge with a golden colour or light 使成金色 3  give a specious or false brilliance to 修饰，虚饰 □ gild the lily   try to improve what is already beautiful or excellent 画蛇添足，做多余过分的修饰□ gilder  n.   [Old English gyldan, from Germanic]

gild2 var.  of GUILD  GUILD 的变体

gilded cage n.  a luxurious but restrictive environment 金丝笼；奢华但倍受限制的环境

gilded youth n. pl.  young people of wealth, fashion, and flair 纨绔子弟

gilding /ˈɡildiŋ/ n.  1  the act or art of applying gilt 镀金，镀金术 2  material used in applying gilt 镀金材料，金箔，金粉

Giles /dʒailz/   贾尔斯 [人名]

gilet /dʒiˈlei/ n.  1  a woman's light garment resembling a waistcoat 一种类似马甲的轻便女式服装 2  a sleeveless padded jacket 一种带衬垫的无袖上衣 [French, = waistcoat]

gilgai /ˈɡilɡai/ n. Austral.  a saucer-like natural reservoir for rainwater [澳] (用来存储降雨的)雨水托 [Wiradhuri and Kamilaroi gilgaay]

Gill /dʒil/   吉尔 [人名]

gill1 /ɡil/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the respiratory organ in fishes and other aquatic animals 鱼鳃 2  the vertical radial plates on the underside of mushrooms and other fungi 菌摺 3  the flesh below a person's jaws and ears (人的)腮下肉  green about the gills  脸色发青 4  the wattles or dewlap of fowls (禽类喉部的)肉垂，松皮 ●v. tr.  1  gut (a fish) 取除(鱼的)内脏 2  cut off the gills of (a mushroom) 除去(菌摺) 3  catch in a gill-net 用刺网捕住(鱼) □ gilled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old Norse from Germanic]

gill2 /dʒil/ n.  1  a unit of liquid measure, equal to a quarter of a pint 及耳(液量单位，等于 1/4 品脱) 2 Brit. dial.  half a pint [英方]半品脱 [Middle English via Old French gille, medieval Latin gillo from Late Latin gello, gillo ‘water pot’]

gill3 /ɡil/ n. (also 亦作 ghyll) Brit. [英]  1  a deep usu. wooded ravine (树林茂密的)峡谷 2  a narrow mountain torrent (峡谷中的)溪流，涧流 [Middle English from Old Norse gil ‘glen’]

gill4 /dʒil/ n. (also 亦作 Gill, jill, Jill)  1 derog.  a young woman [贬]少女，青年妇女 2 Brit. colloq. or dial.  a female ferret [英口] [方]雌性雪貂 [Middle English, abbreviation of Gillian]

gill cover n.  a bony case protecting a fish's gills; an operculum 鳃盖

Gillian /ˈdʒiliən/   吉利恩 [人名]

gillie /ˈɡili/ n. (also 亦作 ghillie) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a man or boy attending a person hunting or fishing 打猎(或捕鱼)者的侍从 2 hist.  a Highland chief's attendant [史义]苏格兰高地酋长的侍从 [Gaelic gille ‘lad, servant’]

gill-net n.  a net for entangling fishes by the gills 捕鱼用的刺网

gillyflower /ˈdʒiliflaʊə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 clove gillyflower)  a clove-scented pink (see 见 CLOVE1 2) 紫丁香 2  any of various similarly scented flowers such as the wallflower or white stock 带类似丁香香味的花(如桂竹香、麝香石竹等) [Middle English gilofre, gerofle via Old French gilofre, girofle, and medieval Latin from Greek karuophullon ‘clove’, from karuon ‘nut’ + phullon ‘leaf’, assimilated to FLOWER]

gilt1 /ɡilt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  covered thinly with gold 镀金的，漆金的 2  gold-coloured 金色的 ●n.  1  gold or a goldlike substance applied in a thin layer to a surface (覆于物体表面的)薄层的金(或似金的物质) 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) Brit.  a gilt-edged security [英] (可靠、安全、确保获利的)金边证券 [past part. of GILD1]

gilt2 /ɡilt/ n.  a young sow 小母猪 [Middle English from Old Norse gyltr]

gilt-edged adj.  1 (of securities, stocks, etc.) having a high degree of reliability as an investment (证券、股票等)安全保险的，上等的 2  having a gilded edge 金边的

giltwood /ˈɡiltwʊd/ adj.  made of wood and gilded 木制涂金的

gimbals /ˈdʒimb(ə)lz/ n. pl.  a contrivance, usu. of rings and pivots, for keeping instruments such as a compass and chronometer horizontal at sea, in the air, etc. (使罗盘、记时计等平衡的)平衡架；常平架 □ gimballed  adj.   [variant of earlier gimmal, via Old French gemel ‘double finger ring’ from Latin gemellus, diminutive of geminus ‘twin’]

gimcrack /ˈdʒimkræk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  showy but flimsy and worthless 华而不实的 ●n.  a cheap showy ornament; a knick-knack 华而不实的东西，小玩意儿 □ gimcrackery  n.  □ gimcracky  adj.   [Middle English gibecrake, a kind of ornament, of unknown origin]

gimlet /ˈɡimlit/ n.  1  a small tool with a screw-tip for boring holes 螺丝钳，木钻，手钻 2  a cocktail usu. of gin and lime juice 兼烈(用杜松子酒和酸橙汁调制的鸡尾酒) [Middle English from Old French guimbelet, diminutive of guimble, ultimately from Germanic]

gimlet eye n.  an eye with a piercing glance 锐利如锥的目光

gimmick /ˈɡimik/ n. colloq.  a trick or device, esp. to attract attention, publicity, or trade [口]骗人玩意儿，鬼花招，产品广告噱头 □ gimmickry  n.  □ gimmicky  adj.   [20th-c. US: origin unknown]

gimp1 /ɡimp/ n. (also 亦作 guimp, gymp)  1  a twist of silk etc. with cord or wire running through it, used esp. as trimming (尤指作装饰材料的)嵌芯丝带 2  fishing line of silk etc. bound with wire 加固钓鱼丝 3  a coarser thread outlining the design of lace 较粗的，用于固定花边图案的丝带 [Dutch: origin unknown]

gimp2 /ɡimp/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a lame person or leg 瘸子；跛腿 2  a stupid or contemptible person 愚蠢而可鄙的人 ●v. intr.  limp, hobble. 跛行，蹒跚行走 [20th c. US: origin unknown]

gin1 /dʒin/ n.  an alcoholic spirit distilled from grain or malt and flavoured with juniper berries 杜松子酒 [abbreviation of geneva GENEVER]

gin2 /dʒin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a snare or trap 陷阱，罗网 2  a machine for separating cotton from its seeds 轧花机，轧棉机 3  a kind of crane and windlass 三角起重机，卷扬机 ●v. tr. (ginned, ginning)  1  treat (cotton) in a gin 轧(棉) 2  trap 用陷阱(网)捕捉 □ ginner  n.   [Middle English from Old French engin ENGINE]

gin3 /dʒin/ n. Austral.  an Aboriginal woman [澳]土著妇女 [Dharuk diyin ‘woman, wife’]

ginger /ˈdʒindʒə/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hot spicy root usu. powdered for use in cooking, or preserved in syrup, or candied 姜，姜制调味品，如姜粉，蜜饯姜b  the plant, Zingiber officinale, of SE Asia, having this root 姜属植物(产于东南亚，具根部组织) 2  a light reddish-yellow colour 姜黄色 3  spirit, mettle 活力，精神，劲头 4  stimulation 刺激 ●adj.  of a ginger colour 姜黄色的 ●v. tr.  1  flavour with ginger 使有姜味 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  rouse or enliven 使有活力，使活跃，鼓舞 □ gingery  adj.   [Middle English from Old English gingiber and Old French gingi(m)bre, both from medieval Latin gingiber, ultimately from Sanskrit šṛṅgaveram from šṛṅgam ‘horn’ + -vera ‘body’, with reference to the antler-shape of the root]

ginger ale n.  an effervescent non-alcoholic clear drink flavoured with ginger extract 姜汁汽水

ginger beer n.  1  an effervescent mildly alcoholic cloudy drink, made by fermenting a mixture of ginger and syrup 姜啤酒 2  a non-alcoholic commercial variety of this 姜味汽水

gingerbread /ˈdʒindʒəbred/ n.  1  a cake made with treacle or syrup and flavoured with ginger 姜味饼 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a gaudy or tawdry decoration or ornament 华而不实的东西，俗气的装饰 □ take the gilt off the gingerbread   strip something of its attractive qualities 剥去美丽的外衣，把真相暴露出来

ginger group n. Brit.  a group within a party or movement that presses for stronger or more radical policy or action [英] (尤指政党中的)激进集团

gingerly /ˈdʒindʒəli/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  in a careful or cautious manner 小心翼翼地，谨慎地 ●adj.  showing great care or caution 小心的，谨慎的 □ gingerliness  n.   [perhaps from Old French gensor ‘delicate’, comparative of gent ‘graceful’, from Latin genitus ‘(well-) born’]

ginger nut n.  a ginger-flavoured biscuit 姜汁饼干

ginger snap n.  a thin brittle biscuit flavoured with ginger 姜汁饼(干)

ginger wine n.  a drink of fermented sugar, water, and bruised ginger 姜水甜酒

gingham /ˈɡiŋəm/ n.  a plain-woven cotton cloth esp. striped or checked 条纹布，方格布 [Dutch gingang from Malay ginggang (originally an adj. = striped)]

gingili /ˈdʒindʒili/ n.  1  sesame 芝麻 2  sesame oil 芝麻油 [Hindi jinjalī from Arabic juljulɑˉn]

gingival /dʒinˈdʒaiv(ə)l/ adj. Med.  of or relating to the gums 【医】齿龈的，齿床的 [Latin gingiva ‘gum’]

gingivitis /dʒindʒiˈvaitis/ n.  inflammation of the gums 牙龈炎

gingko var.  of GINKGO  GINKGO 的变体

ginglymus /ˈɡiŋɡliməs/ n. (pl. ginglymi /-mai/) Anat.  a hinge-like joint in the body with motion in one plane only, e.g. the elbow or knee 【解】屈戌关节 [modern Latin from Greek gigglumos ‘hinge’]

gink /ɡiŋk/ n. slang often derog.  a fellow; a man [俚语] [常贬]家伙 [20th-c. US: origin unknown]

ginkgo /ˈɡiŋkɡəʊ, ˈɡiŋkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 gingko /ˈɡiŋkəʊ/) (pl. -os or -oes)  an originally Chinese and Japanese tree, Ginkgo biloba, with fan-shaped leaves and yellow flowers Also called 亦称作 MAIDENHAIR TREE (原产于中国和日本的)银杏树，白果树 [Japanese ginkyo from Chinese yinxing ‘silver apricot’]

Ginny /ˈdʒini/   吉尼 [人名]

ginormous /dʒaiˈnɔ:məs/ adj. Brit. slang  very large; enormous [英] [俚语]巨大的，庞大的 [GIANT + ENORMOUS]

gin rummy n.  a form of the card game rummy 金罗美(一种牌戏)

ginseng /ˈdʒinseŋ/ n.  1  any of several medicinal plants of the genus Panax, found in E. Asia and N. America (产于东亚和北美的)人参 2  the root of this 人参的根 [Chinese renshen, perhaps = man-image, with allusion to its forked root]

gippy tummy /ˈdʒipi/ n. (also 亦作 gyppy tummy) Brit. colloq.  diarrhoea affecting visitors to hot countries [英口] (在热带国家旅游者患的)腹泻 [abbreviation of EGYPTIAN]

gipsy var.  of GYPSY  GYPSY 的变体

giraffe /dʒiˈrɑ:f, -ˈræf/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or giraffes)  a ruminant mammal, Giraffa camelopardalis of Africa, the tallest living animal, with a long neck and forelegs and a skin of dark patches separated by lighter lines 长颈鹿 [French girafe, Italian giraffa, ultimately from Arabic zarɑˉfa]

girandole /ˈdʒir(ə)ndəʊl/ n.  1  a revolving cluster of fireworks 旋射焰火，旋转焰火 2  a branched candle-bracket or candlestick 多枝烛台 3  an earring or pendant with a large central stone surrounded by small ones (周围镶有小宝石的)耳环 [French from Italian girandola, from girare GYRATE]

girasol /ˈdʒirəsɒl, -səʊl/ n. (also 亦作 girasole /-səʊl/)  a kind of opal reflecting a reddish glow; a fire-opal 青蛋白石 [originally = sunflower, from French girasol or Italian girasole, from girare (as GIRANDOLE) + sole ‘sun’]

gird1 /ɡɜ:d/ v. tr. (past and past part. girded or girt) literary [文学用语]  1  encircle, attach, or secure with a belt or band 缠，束，佩 2  secure (clothes) on the body with a girdle or belt 裹紧(衣服) 3  enclose or encircle 围住，裹住，缠住 4  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  equip with a sword in a belt 佩带剑b  fasten (a sword) with a belt 用带系上(剑) 5 (foll. by 后跟 round)  place (cord etc.) round 缠绕，围绕 □ gird (or gird up) one's loins   prepare for action 准备行动 [Old English gyrdan from Germanic (as GIRTH)]

gird2 /ɡɜ:d/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  jeer or gibe 嘲笑 ●n.  a gibe or taunt 嘲笑，嘲弄 [Middle English, = strike etc.: origin unknown]

girder /ˈɡɜ:də/ n.  a large iron or steel beam or compound structure for bearing loads, esp. in bridge-building (桥梁和大型建筑物的)主梁，大梁 [GIRD1 + -ER1]

girdle1 /ˈɡɜ:d(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a belt or cord worn round the waist 腰带 2  a woman's corset extending from waist to thigh 女用束腹紧身衣 3  a thing that surrounds like a girdle 腰带似的缠绕物 4  the bony support for a limb 带，环状骨  pelvic girdle  骨盆带 5  the part of a cut gem dividing the crown from the base and embraced by the setting 宝石与镶嵌底板接触处的边缘 6  a ring round a tree made by the removal of bark (树干环状剥皮后形成的)环带 ●v. tr.  1  surround with a girdle 环绕 2  remove a ring of bark from (a tree), esp. to make it more fruitful 为增产而对树皮进行环剥 [Old English gyrdel: see GIRD1]

girdle2 /ˈɡɜ:d(ə)l/ n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  = GRIDDLE 1  [metathetic form of GRIDDLE]

girl /ɡɜ:l/ n.  1  a female child or youth 女孩，少女 2 colloq.  a young (esp. unmarried) woman [口] (尤指未婚)女子 3 colloq.  a girlfriend or sweetheart [口]女朋友，情人 4  a female servant 女仆 □ girlhood  n.   [Middle English gurle, girle, gerle, perhaps related to Low German gör ‘child’]

girl Friday n.  a female helper or follower 女助手，女助理 [after MAN FRIDAY]

girlfriend /ˈɡɜ:lfrend/ n.  1  a regular female companion or lover 女朋友，情人 2  a female friend 女性朋友

Girl Guide n.  = GUIDEn. 10 

girlie /ˈɡɜ:li/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 girly) colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a girl (esp. as a term of endearment) 姑娘，女人(尤用作爱称) ●adj.  1  girlish 少女的，少女似的 2 (of a magazine etc.) depicting nude or partially nude young women in erotic poses (杂志等)画有以色情姿态展示的全裸(或半裸)女子的

girlish /ˈɡɜ:liʃ/ adj.  of or like a girl 少女的，少女似的 □ girlishly  adv.  □ girlishness  n.  

Girl Scout n.  a girl belonging to the Scout Association 女童子军

girn var.  of GURN  GURN 的变体

giro /ˈdʒairəʊ/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a system of credit transfer between banks, post offices, etc. (银行、邮政等的)直接转账制度 2  a cheque or payment by giro 直接转账支票或付款 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  pay by giro 直接转账付款 [German from Italian, = circulation (of money)]

girt1 past part.  of GIRD1  

girt2 var.  of GIRTH  GIRTH 的变体

girth /ɡɜ:θ/ n. & v. (also 亦作 girt /ɡɜ:t/) ●n.  1  the measurement around the waist, a tree trunk, or a thing of similar shape (树干、人腰身等的)围长 2  a band round the body of a horse to secure the saddle etc. (马等的)肚带 ●v.  1 tr.  a  secure (a saddle etc.) with a girth 束紧肚带b  put a girth on (a horse) 给(马)束肚带 2 tr.  surround, encircle 缠，绕，束 3 intr.  measure (an amount) in girth 量…的围长 [Middle English from Old Norse gjörth, Gothic gairda, from Germanic]

gismo var.  of GIZMO  GIZMO 的变体

gist /dʒist/ n.  1  the substance or essence of a matter 要点，主旨 2 Law  the real ground of an action etc. 【法律】诉讼依据，诉讼主因 [Old French, 3rd sing. present of gesir ‘lie’, from Latin jacēre]

git /ɡit/ n. Brit. slang  a silly or contemptible person [英] [俚语]愚蠢或可鄙的人 [variant of GET n.]

gittern /ˈɡitɜ:n/ n.  a medieval stringed instrument, a forerunner of the guitar 吉坦(一种中世纪的吉他式弦乐器) [Middle English from Old French guiterne: cf. CITTERN, GUITAR]

give /ɡiv/ v. & n. ●v. (past gave /ɡeiv/; past part. given /ˈɡiv(ə)n/)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  transfer the possession of freely; hand over as a present 给；送给，赠送  gave them her old curtains  把她的旧窗帘送给他们 gives to cancer research  献给癌症研究 2 tr.  a  transfer the ownership of with or without actual delivery; bequeath 捐赠，赠送；遗赠  gave him £ 200 in her will  在她的遗嘱里给他留了 200 英镑b  transfer, esp. temporarily or for safe keeping; hand over; provide with (尤指临时性或为安全起见的)转让；移交；提供  gave him the dog to hold  把狗交给他牵 gave them a drink  给他们一杯饮料c  administer (medicine) 给(病人)发(药)d  communicate or impart (a message, compliments, etc.) 传达，转达(消息、问候等)  give her my best wishes  代我向她问好 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  make over in exchange or payment; pay; sell 付给(某人) (某钱数)以购买某物  gave him £ 30 for the bicycle  花 30 英镑买他的自行车 4 tr.  a  confer; grant (a benefit, an honour, etc.) 授予；赋予，赐予(利益，荣誉等)b  accord; bestow (one's affections, confidence, etc.) 给予；赠予(爱、信任等)c  award; administer (one's approval, blame, etc.); tell, offer (esp. something unpleasant) 颁发；给，给予(赞同、谴责等)；转达(问候)；提供，呈现，给(尤指不愉快，不合意的事情)  gave him a talking-to  把他训斥了一番 gave him my blessing  替我向他问好 gave him the sack  把他解雇了d  pledge, assign as a guarantee 保证或支持某事  gave his word  他许了诺 5 tr.  a  effect or perform (an action etc.) 完成或履行(一次具体的动作)  gave him a kiss  给了他一个亲吻 gave a jump  跳了起来b  utter 发出声响，说，讲  gave a shriek  尖叫起来 6 tr.  allot; assign; grant 分发，摊派；分配，指派；给予  was given the contract  得到了合同，签了约 7 tr. (in passive 用于被动； foll. by 后跟 to)  be inclined to or fond of 倾向于，喜爱，沉湎于  is given to speculation  陷入深深的思考 8 tr.  yield as a product or result 产生，引起  the lamp gives a bad light  这灯的光线十分糟糕 the field gives fodder for twenty cows  这块地能产饲养 20 头牛的草料 9 intr.  a  yield to pressure; become relaxed; lose firmness 在压力面前屈服；放松，松懈；松动，缓和  they pushed hard but the door wouldn't give  尽管他们用力推，但那门还是打不开 old elastic gives too much  旧松紧带弹性太差b  collapse 坍塌，垮掉  the roof gave under the pressure  屋顶在重压下坍塌了 10 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  grant; bestow 给予，允许；赠予，授予  gave freely of his time  无偿提供他的时间 11 tr.  a  commit, consign, or entrust 委托，交付  gave him into custody  把他交由他人照管 give her into your care  由你来照顾她b  sanction the marriage of (a daughter etc.) 嫁出(女儿等) 12 tr.  devote; dedicate 奉献，献身于；贡献，献出  gave his life to table tennis  献身乒乓球运动 shall give it my attention  我一定会认真对待的 13 tr. (usu. absol. [通常含宾]) colloq.  tell what one knows [口]讲出所知情况  What happened? Come on, give!  怎么回事？快说说！ 14 tr.  present; offer; show; hold out 呈现；提供；展示；示出  gives no sign of life  全无生命迹象 gave her his arm  他向她伸出手臂 give him your ear  你该听听他怎么说 15 tr. Theatr.  read, recite, perform, act, etc. 【戏】读，念，背诵，朗诵，表演，举办等  gave them Hamlet's soliloquy  为他们朗诵哈姆雷特的独白 16 tr.  impart; be a source of 将(某性质)给予或赋予(某物或某人)；作为…的来源，把(病)传染给…  gave him my sore throat  把我的嗓子痛传染给了他 gave its name to the battle  以其为那场战斗命名 gave me much pain  给我带来如此痛苦 gives him a right to complain  给了他抱怨的理由 17 tr.  allow (esp. a fixed amount of time) 允许，给(尤指一段固定的时间)  can give you five minutes  能给你 5 分钟 18 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  value (something) (对某事进行)评价，估价  gives nothing for their opinions  对他们的意见不置可否 19 tr.  concede; yield 让出；屈服，让步  I give you the victory  我承认你胜利了 20 tr.  deliver (a judgement etc.) authoritatively 正式宣布，发表，传送，传递(宣判等)  gave his verdict  宣布对他的裁决 21 tr. Cricket (of an umpire) declare (a batsman) out or not out 【板球】(裁判员)宣布(击球手是否)出局 22 tr.  toast (a person, cause, etc.) 为(某人、某事等)干杯  I give you our President  请为我们的总统干杯 23 tr.  provide (a party, meal, etc.) as host 作东道主举行，举办(招待会，宴会等)  gave a banquet  举行宴会 ●n.  1  capacity to yield or bend under pressure; elasticity 在压力下弯曲或伸长的能力  there is no give in a stone floor  石质地板是不会伸缩的 2  ability to adapt or comply 适应或顺从的能力  no give in his attitudes  看他的态度毫无让步之意 □ give and take ● v. tr.  exchange (words, blows, or concessions) 平等交换；互让；交换意见 ●n.  an exchange of words etc.; a compromise 交换意见等；妥协□ give as good as one gets   retort adequately in words or blows 回敬，以牙还牙□ give away   1  transfer as a gift 赠送，赠礼 2  hand over (a bride) ceremonially to a bridegroom (婚礼中)将(新娘)交给新郎 3  betray or expose to ridicule or detection 出卖；暴露 4 esp. Sport  give inadvertently to the opposition (尤)【运动】无意中或不小心让给或输给对手  gave away a penalty  无意中被罚分 5 Austral.  abandon, desist from, lose faith or interest in [澳]放弃，停止，失去信心或兴趣□ give back   return (something) to its previous owner or in exchange 归还，退还；交换□ give a person (or thing) best   see 见 BEST □ give birth (to)   see 见 BIRTH □ give chase   pursue a person, animal, etc.; hunt 追赶人、动物等；追捕□ give down  (often absol. [常含宾]) (of a cow) let (milk) flow (牛等)使(奶)流出□ give forth   emit; publish; report 发出；出版；公布□ give the game (or show) away   reveal a secret or intention 泄密，泄露企图□ give a hand   see 见 HAND □ give a person (or the devil) his or her due   acknowledge, esp. grudgingly, a person's rights, abilities, etc. 勉强承认人的权利(能力)□ give in   1  cease fighting or arguing; yield 停止争斗；退让 2 Brit.  hand in (a document etc.) to an official etc. [英] (向长官)呈递(文件等)□ give in marriage   sanction the marriage of (one's daughter etc.) 把女儿嫁出去□ give it to a person  colloq.  scold or punish [口]斥责；惩罚□ give me   I prefer or admire 我宁愿或更喜欢  give me the Greek islands any day  任何时候去希腊群岛我都同意□ give off   emit (vapour etc.) 发出(蒸汽等)□ give oneself  (of a woman) yield sexually (指女人)禁不住性的诱惑□ give oneself airs   act pretentiously or snobbishly 自命不凡地，势利地，自以为高人一等地□ give oneself up to   1  abandon oneself to an emotion, esp. despair 放任感情于其中(尤指绝望) 2  addict oneself to 专心于，埋头致力于□ give on to (or into)  (of a window, corridor, etc.) overlook or lead into (门、庭等)向着□ give or take  colloq.  add or subtract (a specified amount or number) in estimating [口]在估算中(从一个特定的量或数中)加上或减去□ give out   1  announce; emit; distribute 宣布；发出；散布 2  cease or break down from exhaustion etc. 精疲力竭 3  run short 缺乏，用尽□ give over  Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  cease from doing; abandon (a habit etc.); desist [口]停止；放弃(习惯等)；结束  give over sniffing  停止呼吸，死掉 2  hand over 托付，委托 3  devote 付出□ give rise to   cause, induce, suggest 引起，引发，使人想到□ give tongue   1  speak one's thoughts 说出看法 2 (of hounds) bark, esp. on finding a scent (指猎犬在嗅到气息时)发出叫声□ give a person to understand   inform authoritatively 正式通知(某人)□ give up   1  resign; surrender 放弃，屈服，投降 2  part with 断绝，终止 3  deliver (a wanted person etc.) 引渡(通缉犯等) 4  pronounce incurable or insoluble; renounce hope of 宣布无法医治，不能解决；放弃希望 5  renounce or cease (an activity) 放弃；停止(行动)□ give up the ghost  archaic or colloq.  die [古义] [口]死□ give way   see 见 WAY □ give a person what for  colloq.  punish or scold severely [口]严厉惩罚或斥责□ give one's word (or word of honour)   promise solemnly 郑重保证□ not give a damn (or Brit. [英] monkey's or toss etc.)  colloq.  not care at all [口]毫不在意，毫不在乎□ what gives?  colloq.  what is the news?; what's happening? [口]怎么回事？出什么事了？□ would give the world (or one's ears, right arm, etc.) for   covet or wish for desperately 极为贪求或期望□ giveable  adj.  □ giver  n.   [Old English g(i)efan, from Germanic]

give-away n. colloq. [口]  1  an inadvertent betrayal or revelation 无意的背叛或泄露 2  an act of giving away 屈服，退让 3  a free gift; a low price 赠品；(近于赠送的)低价

given /ˈɡiv(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  as previously stated or assumed; granted; specified 所述的，假定的；一定的，特定的  given that he is a liar, we cannot trust him  假如他是个说谎的人，我们将无法信任他 a given number of people  一定的人数 2 Law (of a document) signed and dated 【法律】(正式文书于某一日期)签定的  given this day the 30th June  于 6 月 30 日正式签定 ●n.  a known fact or situation 已知的，众所周知的事实或形势 [past part. of GIVE]

given name n. US [美]  = FORENAME 

gizmo /ˈɡizməʊ/ n. (also 亦作 gismo) (pl. -os) slang  a gadget [俚语]小物件，新玩意儿；小发明 [20th c.: origin unknown]

gizzard /ˈɡizəd/ n.  1  a muscular thick-walled part of a bird's stomach, for grinding food usu. with grit (鸟等的)砂囊，胗 2  a muscular stomach of some fish, insects, molluscs, and other invertebrates (某些鱼、虫、软体动物及无脊椎动物的)胃，内脏 □ stick in one's gizzard  colloq.  be distasteful [口]讨厌的，不讨人喜欢的 [Middle English giser from Old French giser, gesier etc., ultimately from Latin gigeria ‘cooked entrails of fowl’]

glabella /ɡləˈbelə/ n. (pl. glabellae /-li:/) Anat.  the smooth part of the forehead above and between the eyebrows 【解】眉间 □ glabellar  adj.   [modern Latin from Latin glabellus (adj.), diminutive of glaber ‘smooth’]

glabrous /ˈɡleibrəs/ adj.  free from hair or down; smooth-skinned 无毛的；光滑的 [Latin glaber glabri ‘hairless’]

glacial /ˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj.  1  of ice; icy. 冰的 2 Geol.  characterized or produced by the presence or agency of ice 【地质】冰河时期的，冰河的 3 Chem.  forming ice-like crystals upon freezing 【化】结晶状的  glacial acetic acid  冰醋酸 □ glacially  adv.   [French glacial or Latin glacialis ‘icy’, from glacies ‘ice’]

glacial period n. (also 亦作 glacial epoch)  a period in the earth's history when ice sheets were exceptionally extensive; an ice age 冰河时期

glaciated /ˈɡleisieitid, ˈɡlæs-/ adj.  1  marked or polished by the action of ice 受冰河作用的 2  covered or having been covered by glaciers or ice sheets 被冰河或冰覆盖的 □ glaciation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [past part. of glaciate from Latin glaciare ‘freeze’, from glacies ‘ice’]

glacier /ˈɡlæsiə, ˈɡleis-/ n.  a slowly-moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles 冰河，冰川 [French, from glace ‘ice’, ultimately from Latin glacies]

glaciology /ɡleisiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the internal dynamics and effects of glaciers 冰河学，冰川学 □ glaciological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ glaciologist  n.   [Latin glacies ‘ice’ + -LOGY]

glacis /ˈɡlæsis, -si/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-siz, -si:z/)  a bank sloping down from a fort, on which attackers are exposed to the defenders' missiles etc. 堡垒前的斜坡 [French from Old French glacier ‘to slip’, from glace ‘ice’: see GLACIER]

glacé /ˈɡlæsei/ adj.  1 (of fruit, esp. cherries) preserved in sugar, usu. resulting in a glossy surface (水果，尤指樱桃)加糖霜的，糖渍的 2 (of cloth, leather, etc.) smooth; polished (布、皮革等)光滑的，磨光的 [French, past part. of glacer ‘to ice, gloss’, from glace ‘ice’: see GLACIER]

glacé icing n.  icing made with icing sugar and water (用糖和水制成的覆于蛋糕上的)糖霜

glad1 /ɡlæd/ adj. & v. ●adj. (gladder, gladdest)  1 (作 predic.; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, Brit. [英] of, or to + infin.)  pleased; willing 高兴，乐意  shall be glad to come  很高兴来 would be glad of a chance to talk about it  很乐意能有机会谈及此事 2  a  marked by, filled with, or expressing, joy 充满欢乐的，兴高采烈的  a glad expression  快乐的表情b (of news, events, etc.) giving joy (消息、事件等)令人高兴的，使人愉快的  glad tidings  喜人的音信 ●v. tr. (gladded, gladding) archaic  make glad [古义]使高兴 □ gladly  adv.  □ gladness  n.  □ gladsome  adj. poet. [诗]   [Old English glœd, from Germanic]

glad2 /ɡlæd/ n. (also Austral. [亦澳] gladdie /ˈɡlædi/) colloq.  a gladiolus [口]唐菖蒲属植物 [abbreviation]

gladden /ˈɡlæd(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become glad (使或变得)欢喜，高兴

gladdon /ˈɡlæd(ə)n/ n.  a purple-flowered iris, Iris foetidissima, with an unpleasant odour when bruised Also called 亦称作 stinking iris 臭鸢尾(一种开紫色花朵的鸢尾属植物，受伤或撕碎时发出难闻的恶臭) [Old English glœdene]

glade /ɡleid/ n.  an open space in a wood or forest 林中空地 [Middle English: origin unknown]

glad eye n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  an amorous glance [口]媚眼，秋波

glad hand n. & v. ●n.  a warm, often superficial, greeting or welcome (常常是虚情假意的)热情招呼(或欢迎) ●v. tr. (作 glad-hand) (esp. of a politician, celebrity, etc.) greet or welcome warmly, often superficially (尤指政客、名人等往往是虚情假意的)热情招呼或欢迎 □ glad-hander  n.  

gladiator /ˈɡlædieitə/ n.  1 hist.  a man trained to fight with a sword or other weapons at ancient Roman shows [史义] (古罗马的)角斗士 2  a person defending or opposing a cause; a controversialist 争论者；辩论者 □ gladiatorial  /-iəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Latin, from gladius ‘sword’]

gladiolus /ɡlædiˈəʊləs/ n. (pl. gladioli /-lai/ or gladioluses)  a plant of the genus Gladiolus (iris family), with sword-shaped leaves and usu. brightly coloured flower spikes 唐菖蒲(鸢尾属植物，株高，叶呈剑状，花大色艳) [Latin, diminutive of gladius ‘sword’]

glad rags n. pl. colloq.  best clothes; evening dress [口]盛装，夜礼服

Gladstone bag /ˈɡlædst(ə)n/ n.  a bag like a briefcase having two equal compartments joined by a hinge 一种中部对开并由铰链连接的旅行包 [named after W. E. Gladstone, English statesman d. 1898]

Gladys /ˈglædis/   格拉迪斯 [人名]

Glagolitic /ɡlæɡəˈlitik/ adj.  of or relating to the alphabet ascribed to St Cyril and formerly used in writing some Slavonic languages (由希腊传教士圣西里尔发明并曾用于书写斯拉夫语的)格拉哥里字母(表)的 [modern Latin glagoliticus via Serbo-Croatian glagòljica ‘Glagolitic alphabet’ from Old Church Slavonic glagoluˇ ‘word’]

glair /ˈɡlɛə/ n. (also 亦作 glaire)  1  white of egg 蛋白 2  an adhesive preparation made from this, used in bookbinding etc. (用蛋白制成的)釉光，釉浆(作装订书本等用) □ glairy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French glaire, ultimately from Latin clara, fem. of clarus ‘clear’]

glaive /ɡleiv/ n. archaic poet. [古义] [诗]  1  a broadsword 阔剑 2  any sword 剑 [Middle English from Old French, apparently from Latin gladius ‘sword’]

Glam. abbr.  Glamorgan [缩略] (英国)格拉摩根郡

glam /ɡlæm/ adj., n. & v. colloq. [口] ●adj.  glamorous 富有魅力的，美丽动人的 ●n.  glamour 魔法，魔力；魅力 ●v. tr. (glammed, glamming)  glamorize 使有魔力，使迷人；美化，使…理想化 [abbreviation]

glamorize /ˈɡlæməraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 glamourize, -ise)  make glamorous or attractive 使富有魅力，使迷人 □ glamorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

glamour /ˈɡlæmə/ n. & v. (US also [美亦] glamor) ●n.  1  physical attractiveness, esp. when achieved by make-up etc. (尤指通过化妆等产生的)吸引力，魅力 2  alluring or exciting beauty or charm 诱惑的、令人兴奋的美，魅力，妩媚等  the glamour of New York  纽约的魅力 ●v. tr.  1 poet.  affect with glamour; bewitch; enchant [诗]用美丽来诱惑；蛊惑；使(人)陶醉 2 colloq.  make glamorous [口]使迷人，使有魅力 □ cast a glamour over   enchant 迷惑，使对…着迷□ glamorous  adj.  □ glamorously  adv.   [18th c.: variant of GRAMMAR, with reference to the occult practices associated with learning in the Middle Ages]

glamour girl n. (also 亦作 glamour boy)  an attractive young woman (or man), esp. a model etc. 有魅力的、迷人的青年女子(或男子) (尤指模特等)

glance1 /ɡlɑ:ns/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, up, etc.)  cast a momentary look 匆匆一看，一瞥  glanced up at the sky  往空中扫了一眼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off) (of a bullet, ball, etc.) bounce (off an object) obliquely (子弹、球等的)斜飞，侧过 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over, off, from) (of talk or a talker) pass quickly over a subject or subjects (谈话或讲话者)略约提到，快而简略地谈  glanced over the question of payment  对报酬的问题只是一带而过 4 intr. (of a bright object or light) flash, dart, or gleam; reflect (明亮的物体或光线)一闪，闪耀，闪过；反光，反射  the sun glanced off the knife  阳光射在餐刀上闪闪发光 5 tr. (esp. of a weapon) strike (an object) obliquely (尤指武器)擦过，掠过(一个物体) 6 tr. Cricket  deflect (the ball) with an oblique stroke 【板球】将(球)击偏 ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, into, over, etc.)  a brief look 一瞥  took a glance at the paper  掠了一眼报纸 threw a glance over her shoulder  回头看了一眼 2  a flash or gleam 一闪，闪光  a glance of sunlight  阳光的闪耀 3 Cricket  a stroke with the bat's face turned slantwise to deflect the ball 【板球】斜拍击出的旋转球 □ at a glance   immediately upon looking 一看就，一见就□ glance at   1  give a brief look at 一瞥 2  make a passing and usu. sarcastic allusion to 影射，暗示□ glance one's eye  (foll. by 后跟 at, over, etc.)  look at briefly (esp. a document) (尤指对文件的)粗略一看，浏览□ glance over (or through)   read cursorily 粗略地读□ glancingly  adv.   [Middle English glence etc., probably a nasalized form of obsolete glace in the same sense, from Old French glacier ‘to slip’: see GLACIS]

glance2 /ɡlɑ:ns/ n.  any lustrous sulphide ore 辉矿类  copper glance  辉铜矿 lead glance  方铅矿 [German Glanz ‘lustre’]

gland1 /ɡlænd/ n.  1  a  an organ in an animal body secreting substances for use in the body or for ejection 腺b  a structure resembling this, such as a lymph gland 腺体，如淋巴腺 2 Bot.  a secreting cell or group of cells on the surface of a plant structure 【植】腺 [French glande via Old French glandre from Latin glandulae ‘throat-glands’]

gland2 /ɡlænd/ n.  a sleeve used to produce a seal round a piston rod or other shaft (机械活塞或轴上的)密封套，密封压盖 [19th c.: perhaps a variant of glam, glan ‘a vice’, related to CLAMP1]

glanders /ˈɡlændəz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  a contagious disease of horses, caused by a bacterium and characterized by swellings below the jaw and mucous discharge from the nostrils 鼻疽病 2  this disease in humans or other animals 人(或其他动物)所患的鼻疽病 □ glandered  adj.  □ glanderous  adj.   [Old French glandre: see GLAND1]

glandular /ˈɡlændjʊlə, ˈɡlæn(d)ʒʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to a gland or glands 腺的，含腺的，有腺的特征或功能的 [French glandulaire (as GLAND1)]

glandular fever n.  an infectious viral disease characterized by swelling of the lymph glands and prolonged lassitude; infectious mononucleosis (see 见 MONONUCLEOSIS) 腺热，传染性单核细胞增多症

glans /ɡlænz/ n. (pl. glandes /ˈɡlændi:z/)  the rounded part forming the end of the penis or clitoris 阴茎头；阴蒂头 [Latin, = acorn]

glare1 /ɡlɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, upon)  look fiercely or fixedly 怒视，凝视 2 intr.  shine dazzlingly or disagreeably 闪耀，发出强烈而耀眼的光 3 tr.  express (hatred, defiance, etc.) by a look 用目光表示(仇恨、蔑视等) 4 intr.  be over-conspicuous or obtrusive 过于显眼，突出，炫耀 ●n.  1  a  strong fierce light, esp. sunshine 眩目的光，强烈的光(尤指阳光)b  oppressive public attention 难以忍受的公众关注  the glare of fame  成名的光环 2  a fierce or fixed look 怒视；凝视  a glare of defiance  怒目而视 3  tawdry brilliance 俗艳，华而不实 □ glary  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German glaren ‘gleam, glare’: probably ultimately related to GLASS]

glare2 /ɡlɛə/ adj. N. Amer. (esp. of ice) smooth and glassy [北美] (尤指冰)亮晶晶的，光滑的 [19th c.: perhaps from 16th c. glare ‘frost’, of uncertain origin]

glaring /ˈɡlɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  obvious, conspicuous 明显的，显而易见的  a glaring error  明显的错误 2  shining oppressively 眩目的，耀眼的 3  staring fiercely 怒目而视的 □ glaringly  adv.  

Glasgow /ˈglɑ:sgəu/ n.  格拉斯哥 [英国城市]

glasnost /ˈɡlæznɒst, ˈɡlɑ:s-/ n. (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information (前苏联) (在公众事物上较大的)透明，公开，开放 [Russian glasnost ′ , literally ‘publicity, openness’]

glass /ɡlɑ:s/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a hard, brittle, usu. transparent, translucent, or shiny substance, made by fusing sand with soda and lime and sometimes other ingredients (cf. 参见 CROWN GLASS, FLINT GLASS, PLATE GLASS) 玻璃b  any similar substance which has solidified from a molten state without crystallizing 玻璃状物  volcanic glass  火山岩玻璃 2 (often 常作 collect.)  an object or objects made from, or partly from, glass esp. (尤指): 玻璃制品，玻璃器具a esp. Brit.  a drinking vessel [尤英]玻璃酒具b esp. Brit.  a mirror; a looking-glass [尤英]镜子；穿衣镜c  an hourglass 沙漏d  a window 玻璃窗e  a greenhouse 暖房，温室  rows of lettuce under glass  温室里一畦畦的生菜f  glass ornaments 玻璃饰品g  a barometer 晴雨表，气压计h Brit.  a glass disc covering a watch face [英]表蒙子i  a magnifying lens 放大镜j  a monocle 单眼镜 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  spectacles 眼镜b  field glasses; opera glasses (户外用的双筒)望远镜；(在剧院看戏用的)小望远镜 4  the amount of liquid contained in a glass; a drink 一杯的量；酒  he likes a glass  他喜欢喝点酒 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. as 通常作 glassed adj.)  fit with glass; glaze 将(某物)装在玻璃器皿里；装玻璃于(某物)；给(某物)镶嵌玻璃 2 poet.  reflect as in a mirror [诗]映照，反映 3 Mil.  look at or for with field glasses 【军】用望远镜观察 ●adj.  of or made from glass 玻璃的；用玻璃制作的 □ glassful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ glassless  adj.  □ glasslike  adj.   [Old English glœs, from Germanic: cf. GLAZE]

glass-blowing n.  the blowing of semi-molten glass to make glassware 吹玻璃 □ glass-blower  n.  吹玻璃工人

glass case n.  an exhibition display case made mostly from glass 玻璃橱柜

glass ceiling n.  an unacknowledged barrier to personal advancement 妨碍人晋升的无形阻力

glass cloth n.  1  a linen cloth for drying glasses 擦玻璃的布 2 Brit.  a cloth covered with powdered glass or abrasive, like glasspaper [英]涂有玻璃粉(或磨料，如玻璃砂纸)织物 3  a woven fabric of fine-spun glass (玻璃)纤维织物

glass cutter n.  1  a worker who cuts glass 划玻璃的人 2  a tool used for cutting glass 划玻璃的刀，玻璃刀

glass eye n.  a false eye made from glass 玻璃制的假眼球

glass fibre n. Brit. [英]  1  a filament or filaments of glass made into fabric 玻璃纤维，玻璃丝 2  such filaments embedded in plastic as reinforcement (固定在塑料里用于增加其强度的)玻璃纤维 often 常作 attrib.: glass fibre gliders  玻璃纤维滑翔机

glass-gall n.  = SANDIVER 

glasshouse /ˈɡlɑ:shaʊs/ n.  1 Brit.  a greenhouse [英]温室，暖房 2 Brit. slang  a military prison [英] [俚语]军事监狱 3  a building where glass is made 玻璃厂

glassie var.  of GLASSY  n. GLASSY 名词的变体

glassine /ˈɡlɑ:si:n/ n.  a glossy transparent paper 玻璃纸 [GLASS]

glass-making n.  the manufacture of glass 玻璃制造，玻璃制造工艺 □ glassmaker  n.  玻璃工匠，玻璃器皿工匠

glasspaper /ˈɡlɑ:speipə/ n.  paper covered with powdered glass and used for smoothing and polishing (玻璃)砂纸

glass snake n.  any snakelike lizard of the genus Ophisaurus, with a very brittle tail 蛇蜥(一种尾脆似玻璃的蛇蜥属动物)

glassware /ˈɡlɑ:swɛə/ n.  articles made from glass, esp. drinking glasses, tableware, etc. 玻璃器皿

glass wool n.  glass in the form of fine fibres used for packing and insulation 玻璃棉，玻璃绒，玻璃丝

glasswort /ˈɡlɑ:swɜ:t/ n.  a salt-marsh plant of the genus Salicornia or Salsola, formerly burnt for use in glass-making 欧洲海蓬子(盐角草属或猪毛菜属植物，旧时用来烧成灰做玻璃)

glassy /ˈɡlɑ:si/ adj. & n. ●adj. (glassier, glassiest)  1  of or resembling glass, esp. in smoothness 玻璃质的，玻璃状的(尤指如玻璃般光滑的) 2 (of the eye, the expression, etc.) abstracted; dull; fixed (眼睛、表情等)无神的，无神采的，呆滞的  fixed her with a glassy stare  目光呆呆地看着她 ●n. (also 亦作 glassie) Austral.  a glass marble [澳]玻璃弹球 □ the (or just the) glassy  Austral. colloq. [澳口]  the most excellent person or thing 最好、最棒的人或事□ glassily  adv.  □ glassiness  n.  

Glaswegian /ɡlæzˈwi:dʒ(ə)n, ɡlæs-, ɡlɑ:z-, ɡlɑ:s-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Glasgow in Scotland (苏格兰)格拉斯哥的 ●n.  a native of Glasgow 格拉斯哥人，格拉斯哥市民 [Glasgow, on the pattern of Norwegian etc.]

Glauber's salt /ˈɡlaʊbəz, ˈɡlɔ:-/ n. (also 亦作 Glauber's salts)  a crystalline hydrated form of sodium sulphate used esp. as a laxative 芒硝，结晶硫酸纳(作轻泻剂) [named after J. R. Glauber, German chemist d. 1668]

glaucoma /ɡlɔ:ˈkəʊmə/ n.  an eye-condition with increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight 青光眼 □ glaucomatous  adj.   [Latin from Greek glaukōma -atos, ultimately from glaukos GLAUCOUS, from the grey-green haze in the pupil]

glaucous /ˈɡlɔ:kəs/ adj.  1  of a dull greyish-green or blue colour 青光眼的，绿内障的 2  covered with a powdery bloom as of grapes (患)青光眼的 [Latin glaucus from Greek glaukos]

glaucous gull n.  a large grey and white gull, Larus hyperboreus, of Arctic coasts 北极鸥(产于北极沿海的一种大型白色海鸥)

glaze /ɡleiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  fit (a window, picture, etc.) with glass 给(窗户、相框等)镶玻璃b  provide (a building) with glass windows 给(整幢建筑)装玻璃窗 2 tr.  a  cover (pottery etc.) with a glaze 给(陶器等)上光b  fix (paint) on pottery with a glaze 给(陶器)上釉 3 tr.  cover (pastry, meat, etc.) with a glaze 在(酥皮点心、肉类等食物表面)浇糖浆 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over) (of the eyes) become fixed or glassy 使(眼睛)蒙上薄翳  his eyes glazed over  他眼神发呆 5 tr.  cover (cloth, paper, leather, a painted surface, etc.) with a glaze or other similar finish 给(布、纸、皮革、油漆表面等)打光，上光 6 tr.  give a glassy surface to, e.g. by rubbing 通过打磨等使物体表面光亮，光滑 ●n.  1  a vitreous substance, usu. a special glass, used to glaze pottery 用于给陶器上釉的釉料，釉面 2  a smooth shiny coating of milk, sugar, gelatin, etc., on food (浇在食品表面的)胶冻，糖浆 3  a thin topcoat of transparent paint used to modify the tone of the underlying colour 透明薄涂层 4  a smooth surface formed by glazing 釉面，釉层 5 US  a thin coating of ice [美]薄冰层 □ glaze in   enclose (a building, a window frame, etc.) with glass 给(建筑物、窗框等)装玻璃墙；镶玻璃□ glazer  n.  □ glazy  adj.   [Middle English, from an oblique form of GLASS]

glazed frost n.  a glassy coating of ice caused by frozen rain or a sudden thaw succeeded by a frost 雾凇，冻雨

glazier /ˈɡleiziə/ n.  a person whose trade is glazing windows etc. 镶玻璃匠 □ glaziery  n.  

glazing /ˈɡleiziŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of glazing 玻璃装配 2  windows (see also 另见 DOUBLE GLAZING) 窗户 3  material used to produce a glaze 釉，上光料

GLC abbr. [缩略]  1 hist. (in the UK) Greater London Council [史义] (英国)大伦敦市议会 2 Chem.  gas-liquid chromatography 【化】气液色谱分析法

gleam /ɡli:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a faint or brief light 微光，闪光  a gleam of sunlight  一缕阳光 2  a faint, sudden, intermittent, or temporary show 闪现，短暂微弱的显现  not a gleam of hope  毫无任何希望 ●v. intr.  1  emit gleams 发出微光 2  shine with a faint or intermittent brightness 发出微光；闪烁 3 (of a quality) be indicated 显示出(某种气质)  fear gleamed in his eyes  他眼中闪现出畏惧的目光 □ gleamingly  adv.  □ gleamy  adj.   [Old English glœˉm, related to GLIMMER]

glean /ɡli:n/ v. tr.  1  collect or scrape together (news, facts, gossip, etc.) in small quantities 搜集(新闻、事实、流言等) 2  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  gather (ears of corn etc.) after the harvest 拾(落穗)b  strip (a field etc.) after a harvest 拾(一块地等上的)残穗 □ gleaner  n.   [Middle English via Old French glener from Late Latin glennare, probably of Celtic origin]

gleanings /ˈɡli:niŋz/ n. pl.  things gleaned, esp. facts (尤指事实的)拾遗；搜集物

glebe /ɡli:b/ n.  1  a piece of land serving as part of a clergyman's benefice and providing income 教区教士任职期间享有的土地 2 poet.  earth; land; a field [诗]土地；耕地；一块地 [Middle English from Latin gl(a)eba ‘clod, soil’]

glee /ɡli:/ n.  1  mirth; delight 高兴，快乐，狂欢  watched the enemy's defeat with glee  欢天喜地地观赏敌人的失败 2  a song for three or more, esp. adult male, voices, singing different parts simultaneously, usu. unaccompanied (尤指男声的)无伴奏三重唱或多部重唱 □ gleesome  adj.   [Old English glīo, glēo ‘minstrelsy, jest’, from Germanic]

glee club n.  a society for singing part-songs 合唱队

gleeful /ˈɡli:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  exuberantly or triumphantly joyful 极高兴的，开心的，令人愉快的 □ gleefully  adv.  □ gleefulness  n.  

gleet /ɡli:t/ n. Med.  a watery discharge from the urethra caused by gonorrhoeal infection 【医】后淋，慢性淋病性尿道炎 [Old French glette ‘slime, secretion’]

Gleichschaltung /ˈɡlaixʃæltʊŋ, 德 ˈɡlaiçʃaltʊŋ/ n.  the standardization of political, economic, and social institutions in authoritarian states 专制国家对政治、经济、社会机构实施的标准化 [German]

Glen /glen/   格伦 [人名]

glen /ɡlen/ n.  a narrow valley 峡谷，幽谷 [Gaelic & Irish gleann]

Glenda /ˈglendə/   格伦达 [人名]

glengarry /ɡlenˈɡæri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a brimless Scottish hat with a cleft down the centre and usu. two ribbons hanging at the back, chiefly worn as part of Highland dress 苏格兰便帽(呈船形，帽后有两短飘带，系高地人所戴) [Glengarry in Scotland]

glenoid cavity /ˈɡli:nɔid/ n.  a shallow depression on a bone, esp. the scapula and temporal bone, receiving the projection of another bone to form a joint 关节盂 [French glénoïde from Greek glēnoeidēs, from glēnē ‘socket’]

gley /ɡlei/ n.  a sticky waterlogged soil grey to blue in colour (土壤的)潜育土层，灰黏土层 [Ukrainian, = sticky blue clay, related to CLAY]

glia /ˈɡlaiə, ˈɡli:ə/ n.  = NEUROGLIA  □ glial  adj.   [Greek, = glue]

glib /ɡlib/ adj. (glibber, glibbest)  1 (of a speaker, speech, etc.) fluent and voluble but insincere and shallow (尤指讲话者、讲演等)能说会道(但不诚恳)的，油嘴滑舌的；言之无物的 2 archaic  smooth; unimpeded [古义]光滑的；无阻碍的 □ glibly  adv.  □ glibness  n.   [related to obsolete glibbery ‘slippery’, from Germanic: perhaps imitative]

glide /ɡlaid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a stream, bird, snake, ship, train, skater, etc.) move with a smooth continuous motion (溪水、鸟、蛇、船、火车、滑冰者等)流动，滑动，滑行 2 intr.  a (of an aircraft) fly without engine power (飞机)滑翔b (of a pilot) fly a glider (飞行员)驾驶滑翔机 3 intr.  of time etc. (时间等):a  pass gently and imperceptibly (不知不觉中)流逝b (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  pass and change gradually and imperceptibly 渐变，渐消  night glided into day  长夜渐渐变成白天 4 intr.  move quietly or stealthily 悄悄走动，溜走 5 tr.  cause to glide 使滑动，使滑行  breezes glided the ship on its course  微风吹动船渐渐滑行 ●n.  1  a  the act of gliding 滑行，滑动，滑翔b  an instance of this 此类实例 2 Phonet.  a gradually changing sound made in passing from one position of the speech organs to another 【语音】滑音 3  a gliding dance or dance step 滑步舞，滑步 4  a flight in a glider 滑翔 5 Cricket 【板球】  = GLANCE1n. 3  [Old English glīdan, from West Germanic]

glide path n.  an aircraft's line of descent to land, esp. as indicated by ground radar (尤指由地面雷达导航的)飞机降落轨迹

glider /ˈɡlaidə/ n.  1  a  an aircraft that flies without an engine 滑翔机b  a glider pilot 滑翔机驾驶员 2  a person or thing that glides 滑行者，滑动物

gliding /ˈɡlaidiŋ/ n.  the sport of flying in a glider 滑翔运动

glim /ɡlim/ n.  1  a faint light 微光 2 archaic slang  a candle; a lantern [古义] [俚语]蜡烛；灯笼 [Middle English: perhaps abbreviation of GLIMMER or GLIMPSE]

glimmer /ˈɡlimə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  shine faintly or intermittently 发出(或闪出)微光 ●n.  1  a feeble or wavering light 微光，薄光，闪光 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a faint gleam (of hope, understanding, etc.) 微量，少许(的希望、理解等) 3  a glimpse 一瞥，一眼 □ glimmeringly  adv.   [Middle English, probably via Scandinavian from West Germanic: related to GLEAM]

glimmering /ˈɡlim(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  = GLIMMERn.  2  an act of glimmering 发出微光

glimpse /ɡlim(p)s/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a momentary or partial view 一瞥，瞥见  caught a glimpse of her  只看到她一眼 2  a faint and transient appearance 模糊短暂显现  glimpses of the truth  一孔之见 ●v.  1 tr.  see faintly or partly 瞥见  glimpsed his face in the crowd  人群中只看到他的脸一闪而过 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  cast a passing glance 看一看，瞥见 3 intr.  a  shine faintly or intermittently 发出(或闪出)微光b poet.  appear faintly; dawn [诗]隐约出现；露出曙光 [Middle English glimse, corresponding to Middle High German glimsen, from the West Germanic base of GLIMMER]

glint /ɡlint/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr.  flash or cause to flash; glitter; sparkle; reflect 闪烁(或使闪烁)；闪光；闪耀；反射  eyes glinted with amusement  眼里闪现出快乐的神情 the sword glinted fire  宝剑熠熠反射火光 ●n.  a brief flash of light; a sparkle 闪烁，闪耀，闪光 [alteration of Middle English glent, probably of Scandinavian origin]

glissade /ɡliˈsɑ:d, -ˈseid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an act of sliding down a steep slope of snow or ice, usu. on the feet with the support of an ice axe etc. (尤指以冰斧协助的登山者沿覆盖冰雪的斜坡)滑降 2  a gliding step in ballet (芭蕾舞)滑步 ●v. intr.  perform a glissade 表演滑步 [French, from glisser ‘slip, slide’]

glissando /ɡliˈsændəʊ/ n. (pl. glissandi /-di/ or -os) Mus.  a continuous slide of adjacent notes upwards or downwards 【音】滑奏，滑音，滑唱 [Italian from French glissant ‘sliding’ (as GLISSADE)]

glissé /ɡli:ˈsei/ n. (in full 全称 pas glissé) (pl. glissés pronunc. same 单复发音同) Ballet  a sliding step in which the flat of the foot is often used 【芭蕾舞】横滑步 [French, past part. of glisser: see GLISSADE]

glisten /ˈɡlis(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  shine, esp. like a wet object, snow, etc.; glitter (尤指湿的物体、雪等)发光，辉耀，闪烁 ●n.  a glitter; a sparkle 闪光；闪耀 [Old English glisnian from glisian ‘shine’]

glister /ˈɡlistə/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v. intr.  sparkle; glitter 闪耀，闪烁，发光 ●n.  a sparkle; a gleam 闪耀，闪烁，闪光 [Middle English from Middle Low German glistern, Middle Dutch glisteren, related to GLISTEN]

glitch /ɡlitʃ/ n. colloq.  a sudden irregularity or malfunction (of equipment etc.) [口] (设备等的)突发故障，事故 [20th c.: origin unknown]

glitter /ˈɡlitə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  shine, esp. with a bright reflected light; sparkle 闪闪发光，闪光(尤指反光)；闪烁 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  be showy or splendid 华丽夺目，炫耀  glittered with diamonds  珠光宝气b  be ostentatious or flashily brilliant 夸耀，炫耀，显示，卖弄  glittering rhetoric  华丽的辞藻 ●n.  1  a gleam; a sparkle 闪光；闪耀 2  showiness; splendour 炫耀；华丽壮观，光辉 3  tiny pieces of sparkling material as on Christmas tree decorations 圣诞树上闪光发亮的小装饰品 □ glitteringly  adv.  □ glittery  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse glitra, from Germanic]

glitterati /ɡlitəˈrɑ:ti/ n. pl. slang  the fashionable set of literary or show-business people [俚语]时髦文人；(传媒界或演艺界的)时髦人物 [GLITTER + LITERATI]

glitz /ɡlits/ n. slang  extravagant but superficial display; show-business glamour [俚语]奢侈而浮华的展示，陈列，演艺界的魅力 [back-formation from GLITZY]

glitzy /ˈɡlitsi/ adj. (glitzier, glitziest) slang  extravagant, ostentatious; tawdry, gaudy [俚语]奢侈的，炫耀的，卖弄的；俗艳的，华而不实的 □ glitzily  adv.  □ glitziness  n.   [GLITTER, suggested by RITZY: cf. German glitzerig ‘glittering’]

gloaming /ˈɡləʊmiŋ/ n. poet.  twilight; dusk [诗] (日落后或日出前的)微光，曙光；黄昏，薄暮 [Old English glōmung from glōm ‘twilight’, related to GLOW]

gloat /ɡləʊt/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon, over)  consider or contemplate with lust, greed, malice, triumph, etc. (色迷迷地、贪婪地、敌意地、得意地)沉思，打量，思忖，注视  gloated over his collection  凝神注视着他的收藏品 ●n.  1  the act of gloating 沉思，打量，思忖，注视 2  a look or expression of triumphant satisfaction 得意的表情或神色 □ gloater  n.  □ gloatingly  adv.   [16th c.: origin unknown, but perhaps related to Old Norse glotta ‘grin’, Middle High German glotzen ‘stare’]

glob /ɡlɒb/ n.  a mass or lump of semi-liquid substance, e.g. mud 半固体的团块(如泥巴) [20th c.: perhaps from BLOB and GOB2]

global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  worldwide 全球的，全世界的  global conflict  全球争端 2  a  relating to or embracing a group of items etc.; total 综合的；总体的，普遍的b Computing  operating or applying through the whole of a file, program, etc. 【计算】全局的 □ globally  adv.   [French (as GLOBE)]

globalize /ˈɡləʊb(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make global 使全球化；使成为世界范围，使在全世界应用 □ globalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

global village n.  the world considered as a single community linked by telecommunications 地球村

global warming n.  a potential increase in temperature of the earth's atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect 全球变暖现象，世界温室效应

globe /ɡləʊb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (prec. by 前接 the)  the planet earth 地球b  a planet, star, or sun 星球c  any spherical body; a ball 球状物；球 2  a spherical representation of the earth or of the constellations with a map on the surface 地球仪；天球仪 3  a golden sphere as an emblem of sovereignty; an orb (象征君王权利的)金球；王权宝球 4  any spherical glass vessel, esp. a fishbowl, a lamp, etc. 球形玻璃器皿(尤指鱼缸、灯罩等) 5  the eyeball 眼球 ●v. tr. & intr.  make (usu. in passive 通常用被动) or become globular 使成球状 □ globelike  adj.  □ globoid  adj. & n.  □ globose  adj.   [French globe or Latin globus]

globe artichoke n.  the head of the artichoke plant of which parts are edible 洋蓟(蓟类植物，有厚叶状苞片的可食花头)

globe-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any tropical fish of the family Tetraodontidae, able to inflate itself into a spherical form Also called 亦称作 puffer fish 鲀科热带鱼(如河豚)

globeflower /ˈɡləʊbflaʊə/ n.  a plant of the genus Trollius (buttercup family), with globular usu. yellow flowers (毛茛科)金莲花属植物(通常指开黄花的金莲花)

globe lightning n.  = BALL LIGHTNING 

globe-trotter n.  a person who travels widely 环球旅行家 □ globe-trotting  n. & attrib. adj.  

globigerina /ˌɡləʊbidʒəˈrainə/ n. (pl. globigerinas or globigerinae /-ni:/)  a planktonic marine foraminiferan of the genus Globigerina, having a calcareous shell which collects as a deposit (ooze) over much of the ocean floor 球房虫(一种有壳的海洋生物，以捡拾海底沉积物为食) □ globigerinal  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin globus ‘globe’ + -ger ‘carrying’ + -INA]

globular /ˈɡlɒbjʊlə/ adj.  1  globe-shaped, spherical 球状的，地球状的 2  composed of globules 由小球聚集成的 □ globularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ globularly  adv.  

globular cluster n. Astron.  a large compact spherical star cluster usu. of old stars in the outer regions of a galaxy 【天】(由星系外缘的旧恒星紧密集聚而成的)大型球体星云团

globule /ˈɡlɒbju:l/ n.  1  a small globe or round particle; a drop 小球；液滴 2  a pill 药丸 □ globulous  adj.   [French globule or Latin globulus (as GLOBE)]

globulin /ˈɡlɒbjʊlin/ n.  any of a group of single proteins characterized by solubility only in salt solutions and esp. forming a large fraction of blood serum protein 球蛋白，球朊

glockenspiel /ˈɡlɒk(ə)nspi:l, -ʃpi:l/ n.  a musical instrument consisting of a series of bells or metal bars or tubes suspended or mounted in a frame and struck by hammers 钟琴；钟组乐器，编钟 [German, = bell-play]

glom /ɡlɒm/ v. (glommed, glomming) US slang [美] [俚语]  1 tr.  steal; grab 偷；抢夺 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on to)  steal; grab 偷；抢夺 [variant of Scots glaum, of unknown origin]

glomerate /ˈɡlɒm(ə)rət/ adj. Bot. & Anat.  compactly clustered 【植】【解】团集的 [Latin glomeratus, past part. of glomerare, from glomus -eris ‘ball’]

glomerule /ˈɡlɒməru:l/ n.  a clustered flower head 团伞花序

glomerulus /ɡlɒˈmer(j)ʊləs/ n. (pl. glomeruli /-lai, -li:/)  a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, esp. of capillaries at the end of a kidney tubule 肾小球，小球(由血管或神经纤维组成) □ glomerular  adj.   [modern Latin, diminutive of Latin glomus -eris ‘ball’]

gloom /ɡlu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  darkness; obscurity 阴暗，幽暗，朦胧 2  melancholy; despondency 忧郁，哀伤；失望，沮丧，意气消沉 3 poet.  a dark place [诗]幽暗处，背阴处 ●v.  1 intr.  be gloomy or melancholy; frown 变忧郁，变哀伤，变沮丧；现愁容，做苦脸 2 intr. (of the sky etc.) be dull or threatening; lour (天空等)变阴暗；转阴(似预示暴风雨) 3 intr.  appear darkly or obscurely 显得黑暗；变得朦胧 4 tr.  cover with gloom; make dark or dismal 使忧郁；使黯然，使悲伤 [Middle English gloum(b)e, of unknown origin]

gloomy /ˈɡlu:mi/ adj. (gloomier, gloomiest)  1  dark; unlighted 黑暗的，未照明的 2  depressed; sullen 沮丧的，愠怒的 3  dismal; depressing 沉闷的，忧郁的 □ gloomily  adv.  □ gloominess  n.  

gloop /ɡlu:p/ n. colloq.  semi-fluid or sticky material [口]半流体或黏性物质 [imitative: cf. GLOP]

glop /ɡlɒp/ n. US slang  a liquid or sticky mess, esp. inedible food [美] [俚语]软胶质体，浓流体物(尤指不宜食用的食品) [imitative]

Gloria /ˈɡlɔ:riə/ n.  1  any of various doxologies beginning with Gloria, esp. the hymn beginning with Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory be to God in the highest), as part of the Mass 荣耀颂(尤指开始为“荣耀归主”的颂歌) 2  an aureole (环绕圣像头上的)光轮，光环 [Latin, = glory]

glorify /ˈɡlɔ:rifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  exalt to heavenly glory; make glorious 赞美；颂扬 2  transform into something more splendid 美化，使美观 3  extol; praise 赞颂；赞赏 4 (as 作 glorified adj.)  seeming or pretending to be more splendid than in reality 看似富丽堂皇的，假装富丽堂皇的  just a glorified office boy  不过是个看似体面的办事员而已 □ glorification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ glorifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French glorifier, ecclesiastical Latin glorificare, and Late Latin glorificus from Latin gloria ‘glory’]

gloriole /ˈɡlɔ:riəʊl/ n.  an aureole; a halo (环绕圣像头上的)光轮，光环 [French from Latin gloriola, diminutive of gloria ‘glory’]

glorious /ˈɡlɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  possessing glory; illustrious 荣耀的；著名的 2  conferring glory; honourable 光荣的；享有荣誉的 3 colloq.  splendid; magnificent; delightful [口]壮丽的；辉煌的；令人愉快的  a glorious day  光荣的日子；好天气 glorious fun  非常有趣 4 iron.  intense; unmitigated [讽]强烈的，剧烈的；十足的，绝对的  a glorious muddle  一团糟 5 Brit. colloq.  happily intoxicated [英口]有点儿醉的，酒后放纵的 □ gloriously  adv.  □ gloriousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French glorious, Old French glorios, -eus from Latin gloriosus (as GLORY)]

glory /ˈɡlɔ:ri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  high renown or fame; honour 光荣；荣耀 2  adoring praise and thanksgiving 赞美，赞颂  Glory to the Lord  荣耀归于上帝 3  resplendent majesty or magnificence; great beauty 壮观，壮丽，美观  the glory of Versailles  凡尔赛的壮美 the glory of the rose  玫瑰的艳丽 4  a thing that brings renown or praise; a distinction 荣耀的事，可赞美的事；殊荣 5  the bliss and splendour of heaven 天国的幸福和荣耀 6 colloq.  a state of exaltation, prosperity, happiness, etc. [口]得意洋洋，顺利，幸福  is in his glory playing with his trains  正十分得意地玩他的火车 7  an aureole, a halo (环绕圣像头上的)光轮，光环 8  an anthelion 日冕 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 in, or to + infin.)  pride oneself; exult 自豪，得意  glory in their skill  为他们自己的技艺而自豪 □ glory be!   1  expressing enthusiastic piety (表示对上帝的虔诚)多么伟大！ 2 colloq.  an exclamation of surprise or delight [口]多奇妙啊！多美啊！ □ go to glory  slang  die; be destroyed [俚语]升天，死 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French glorie from Latin gloria]

glory-box n. Austral. & NZ  a box for women's clothes etc., stored in preparation for marriage [澳新]嫁妆盒

glory-hole n.  1 colloq.  an untidy room, drawer, or receptacle [口]乱放着杂物的房间(抽屉，容器) 2 N. Amer.  an open quarry [北美]公开的争吵

glory-of-the-snow n.  = CHIONODOXA 

Glos. abbr.  Gloucestershire [缩略] (英国)格洛斯特郡

gloss1 /ɡlɒs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  surface shine or lustre (表面的)平滑，光泽，光彩b  an instance of this; a smooth finish 平滑的表面 2  a  deceptively attractive appearance 虚假的外表b  an instance of this 虚饰，假象 3 (in full 全称 gloss paint)  paint formulated to give a hard glossy finish (cf. 参见 MATT n. 2) 上光漆 ●v. tr.  make glossy 给…加光泽，给…上釉 □ gloss over   1  seek to conceal beneath a false appearance 掩饰，掩盖 2  conceal or evade by mentioning briefly or misleadingly 靠曲解来掩饰(或回避问题)□ glosser  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

gloss2 /ɡlɒs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an explanatory word or phrase inserted between the lines or in the margin of a text (书边或行间对难字难句的)注解，解释b  a comment, explanation, interpretation, or paraphrase 评注，解释，释义 2  a misrepresentation of another's words 曲解 3  a  a glossary 词汇表b  an interlinear translation or annotation 在行间(书写或印刷)的译文，注释，评注 ●v.  1 tr.  a  add a gloss or glosses to (a text, word, etc.) (对文章、词等的)注释，注解，评注b  read a different sense into; explain away 将其他的意思加进去解释，曲解；解释过去 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  make (esp. unfavourable) comments 评论(尤指非赞许性的) 3 intr.  write or introduce glosses 编纂(或引介)注释，注解，评注 [alteration of GLOZE suggested by medieval Latin glossa]

glossal /ˈɡlɒs(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of the tongue; lingual 【解】舌的；舌音的；语言的 [Greek glōssa ‘tongue’]

glossary /ˈɡlɒs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 gloss)  an alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific subject or text, esp. dialect, with explanations; a brief dictionary 难字(专业词、文章，尤指用方言写作的)词汇表；简易字典 2  a collection of glosses 注释汇编，集注 □ glossarial  /ɡlɒˈsɛəriəl/ adj.  □ glossarist  n.  字汇编纂(或注解)者 [Latin glossarium from glossa GLOSS2]

glossator /ɡlɒˈseitə/ n.  1  a writer of glosses 书籍注释者，词汇表编辑者 2 hist.  a commentator on, or interpreter of, medieval law texts [史义] (中世纪法律文件的)集注作者，译者 [Middle English from medieval Latin, from glossare, from Latin glossa GLOSS2]

glosseme /ˈɡlɒsi:m/ n.  any meaningful feature of a language that cannot be analysed into smaller meaningful units 语符；义位 [Greek glōssēma from glōssa ‘tongue’]

glossitis /ɡlɒˈsaitis/ n.  inflammation of the tongue 舌炎 [Greek glōssa ‘tongue’ + -ITIS]

glossographer /ɡlɒˈsɒɡrəfə/ n.  a writer of glosses or commentaries 词汇表编辑者，集注者 [GLOSS2 + -GRAPHER]

glossolalia /ɡlɒsəˈleiliə/ n.  = gift of tongues (see 见 TONGUE)  [modern Latin from Greek glōssa ‘tongue’ + -lalia ‘speaking’]

glossopharyngeal /ˌɡlɒsəʊfəˈrin(d)ʒiəl, -fær(ə)nˈdʒi:əl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the tongue and pharynx 舌咽的 ●n. (in full 全称 glossopharyngeal nerve)  either of the ninth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the tongue and pharynx (支配舌咽的第 9 对颅骨神经其中之一的)舌咽神经 [Greek glōssa ‘tongue’ + pharyngeal: see PHARYNX]

glossy /ˈɡlɒsi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (glossier, glossiest)  1  having a shine; smooth 有光泽的；光滑的 2 (of paper etc.) smooth and shiny (纸等)光面的 3 (of a magazine etc.) printed on such paper; expensively produced and attractively presented, but sometimes lacking in content or depth (杂志等)用光面纸印刷的；造价昂贵、封装诱人但有时内容空洞的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a glossy magazine 光面纸印刷的杂志 2  a photograph with a glossy surface 光面纸冲印的相片 □ glossily  adv.  □ glossiness  n.  

glottal /ˈɡlɒt(ə)l/ adj.  of or produced by the glottis 声门的，自声门发出的

glottal stop n.  a sound produced by the sudden opening or shutting of the glottis 声门塞音

glottis /ˈɡlɒtis/ n.  the space at the upper end of the windpipe and between the vocal cords, affecting voice modulation through expansion or contraction 声门 □ glottic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek glōttis, from glōtta, variant of glōssa ‘tongue’]

glove /ɡlʌv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covering for the hand, of wool, leather, cotton, etc., worn esp. for protection against cold or dirt, and usu. having separate fingers 手套(尤指用毛、皮革、棉等制成的，五指分开的) 2  a padded protective glove esp. (尤指): 有防护衬垫的手套a  a boxing glove 拳击手套b  a glove worn by a wicketkeeper or baseball catcher (板球)三柱门守门员或(棒球)接球手的手套 ●v. tr.  cover or provide with a glove or gloves (给…)戴手套 □ fit like a glove   fit exactly 完全合适，正好；十分吻合□ throw down (or take up) the glove   issue (or accept) a challenge 挑战(或应战)□ with the gloves off   mercilessly; unfairly; with no compunction 毫不留情地；不公正地；决无悔意地□ gloveless  adj.  □ glover  n.   [Old English glōf, corresponding to Old Norse glófi, perhaps from Germanic]

glovebox /ˈɡlʌvbɒks/ n.  1  a box for gloves 手套箱 2  a closed chamber with sealed-in gloves for handling radioactive material etc. (处理放射性物质等的)手套式密闭工作箱 3  = GLOVE COMPARTMENT 

glove compartment n.  a recess for small articles in the dashboard of a motor vehicle (汽车仪表盘上)存放零星杂物的小储藏柜或凹处

glove puppet n. esp. Brit.  a small cloth puppet fitted on the hand and worked by the fingers [尤英]布袋式木偶，手套式木偶(套在手上用手指操纵的)

glow /ɡləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  throw out light and heat without flame; be incandescent 发出光和热，(无焰)燃烧；炽热b  shine like something heated in this way 发白热光，灼热 2 (of the cheeks) redden, esp. from cold or exercise (面颊)发红(尤指因寒冷或锻炼) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a (of the body) be heated, esp. from exertion; sweat (身体)发热(尤指活动后)；出汗b  express or experience strong emotion 感情洋溢或强烈  glowed with pride  得意洋洋 glowing with indignation  怒火中烧 4  show a warm colour 色彩强烈，显示浓艳的颜色  the painting glows with warmth  浓重的色彩渲染着那副图画 5 (as 作 glowing adj.)  expressing pride or satisfaction 表示自豪或满意的，赞扬的  a glowing report  热情的报道 ●n.  1  a glowing state 发光，发热；白炽，炽热 2  a bright warm colour, esp. the red of cheeks 鲜明的或强烈的色彩(尤指面颊的红润) 3  ardour; passion 热情；强烈的感情 4  a feeling induced by good health, exercise, etc.; well-being 容光焕发；神采飞扬 □ in a glow  colloq.  hot or flushed; sweating [口]发热，面红；出汗□ glowingly  adv.   [Old English glōwan, from Germanic]

glow discharge n.  a luminous sparkless electrical discharge from a pointed conductor in a gas at low pressure 辉光放电

glower /ˈɡlaʊə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  stare or scowl, esp. angrily (尤指气愤地)凝视；怒视 ●n.  a glowering look 怒视 □ gloweringly  adv.   [origin uncertain: perhaps Scots variant of Middle English glore from Low German or Scandinavian, or from obsolete (Middle English) glow ‘stare’ + -ER4]

glow-worm n.  a soft-bodied beetle of the genus Lampyris whose wingless female emits light from the abdomen 萤火虫，萤科昆虫(属甲壳虫，无翼，雌性腹部可发光)

gloxinia /ɡlɒkˈsiniə/ n.  any tropical plant of the genus Gloxinia, native to S. America, with large bell flowers of various colours 大岩桐属热带植物(原产于南美，开各色大型钟状花朵) [modern Latin, named after B. P. Gloxin, 18th-c. German botanist]

gloze /ɡləʊz/ v.  1 tr. (also 亦作 gloze over)  explain away; extenuate; palliate 掩饰；遮掩；辩解 2 intr. archaic [古义]  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  comment 注解，评论b  talk speciously; fawn 献媚，阿谀 [Middle English via Old French gloser, from glose, and medieval Latin glosa, gloza from Latin glossa ‘tongue, GLOSS2’]

glucagon /ˈɡlu:kəɡ(ə)n, -ɡɒn/ n.  a polypeptide hormone formed in the pancreas, which aids the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 升糖素，胰高血糖素 [Greek glukus ‘sweet’ + agōn ‘leading’]

glucose /ˈɡlu:kəʊs, -z/ n.  1  a simple sugar containing six carbon atoms, found mainly in its dextrorotatory form (see 见 DEXTROSE), which is an important energy source in living organisms and obtainable from some carbohydrates by hydrolysis Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H12O6 葡萄糖 2  a syrup containing glucose sugars from the incomplete hydrolysis of starch 葡萄糖浆 [French, from Greek gleukos ‘sweet wine’, related to glukus ‘sweet’]

glucoside /ˈɡlu:kəsaid/ n.  a compound giving glucose and other products upon hydrolysis 葡萄糖苷，糖苷 □ glucosidic  /-ˈsidik/ adj.  

glue /ɡlu:/ n. & v. ●n.  an adhesive substance used for sticking objects or materials together 胶，胶水 ●v. tr. (glues, glued, gluing or glueing)  1  fasten or join with glue 胶合，粘贴；使粘牢 2  keep or put very close 如胶粘似地紧附，紧贴  an eye glued to the keyhole  眼睛紧紧地贴着钥匙孔 □ glue-like  adj.  □ gluey  /ˈɡlu:i/ adj. (gluier, gluiest)  胶的，胶质的；胶粘的□ glueyness  n.   [Middle English via Old French glu (n.), gluer (v.), and Late Latin glus glutis from Latin gluten]

glue ear n.  blocking of the Eustachian tube by mucus, esp. in children 耳咽管(被黏液)堵塞(尤指儿童所发生的)

glue-pot n.  1  a pot with an outer vessel holding water to heat glue 胶锅 2 colloq.  an area of sticky mud etc. [口]烂胶泥地区等

glue-sniffing n.  the inhalation of intoxicating fumes from the solvents in adhesives etc. 吸胶毒(为获兴奋效果而吸入某些类型的胶的气体) □ glue-sniffer  n.  

glum /ɡlʌm/ adj. (glummer, glummest)  looking or feeling dejected. sullen; morose 郁闷的，愠怒的，闷闷不乐的 □ glumly  adv.  □ glumness  n.   [related to dialect verb glum ‘frown’, variant of gloume GLOOM v.]

glume /ɡlu:m/ n.  1  a membranous bract surrounding the spikelet of grasses or the florets of sedges (植物的)颖，颖片 2  the husk of grain 谷物的壳 □ glumaceous  /-ˈmeiʃəs/ adj.  □ glumose  adj.   [Latin gluma ‘husk’]

gluon /ˈɡlu:ɒn/ n. Physics  any of a class of subatomic particles that are thought to bind quarks together 【物理学】胶子(被认为将夸克结合在一起的粒子) [GLUE + -ON]

glut /ɡlʌt/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (glutted, glutting)  1  feed (a person, one's stomach, etc.) or indulge (an appetite, a desire, etc.) to the full; satiate; cloy 吃得过多，过饱，过食；(对胃口、欲望等)纵情满足，充分满足；使厌腻 2  fill to excess; choke up 塞满；堵塞 3 Econ.  overstock (a market) with goods 【经】使(市场)过分饱和，使(市场)供过于求 ●n.  1 Econ.  supply exceeding demand; a surfeit 【经】供过于求；过量供应  a glut in the market  市场存货过剩 2  full indulgence; one's fill 放纵，纵容；尽量 [Middle English, probably via Old French gloutir ‘swallow’ from Latin gluttire: cf. GLUTTON]

glutamate /ˈɡlu:təmeit/ n.  any salt or ester of glutamic acid, esp. a sodium salt used to enhance the flavour of food 谷氨酸盐(酯)

glutamic acid /ɡlu:ˈtæmik/ n. Biochem.  a naturally occurring amino acid, a constituent of many proteins 【生化】谷氨酸 [GLUTEN + AMINE + -IC]

glutamine /ˈɡlu:təmi:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophilic amino acid present in many proteins 【生化】谷氨酰胺 [GLUTAMIC ACID + AMINE]

gluten /ˈɡlu:t(ə)n/ n.  1  a mixture of two proteins present in flour, esp. wheat flour 谷朊，谷胶；面筋，麸质 2 archaic  a sticky substance [古义]黏性物 [French from Latin gluten glutinis ‘glue’]

gluteus /ˈɡlu:tiəs, ɡlu:ˈti:əs/ n. (pl. glutei /-tiai, -ˈti:ai/)  any of the three muscles in each buttock 臀肌 □ gluteal  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek gloutos ‘buttock’]

glutinous /ˈɡlu:tinəs/ adj.  sticky; like glue 黏的；似胶质的 □ glutinously  adv.  □ glutinousness  n.   [French glutineux or Latin glutinosus (as GLUTEN)]

glutton /ˈɡlʌt(ə)n/ n.  1  an excessively greedy eater 贪食者，好食者，饕餮者 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for) colloq.  a person insatiably eager [口]对…入迷的人，酷爱…的人  a glutton for work  闲不住的人 3  a voracious animal, Gulo gulo, of the weasel family Also called 亦称作 WOLVERINE 狼獾(一种贪吃的动物，鼬科) □ a glutton for punishment   a person eager to take on hard or unpleasant tasks 对艰苦工作无所畏惧的人□ gluttonize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ gluttonous  adj.  □ gluttonously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French gluton, gloton from Latin glutto -onis, from gluttire ‘swallow’, gluttus ‘greedy’]

gluttony /ˈɡlʌt(ə)ni/ n.  habitual greed or excess in eating 暴饮暴食，大吃大喝，贪吃 [Old French glutonie (as GLUTTON)]

glyceride /ˈɡlis(ə)raid/ n.  any fatty acid ester of glycerol 甘油酯

glycerine /ˈɡlis(ə)ri:n, -in/ n. (US [美] glycerin /-in/)  = GLYCEROL  [French glycerin from Greek glukeros ‘sweet’]

glycerol /ˈɡlis(ə)rɒl/ n.  a colourless sweet viscous liquid formed as a by-product in the manufacture of soap, used as an emollient and laxative, and in explosives, antifreeze, etc. (also called 亦称作 glycerine) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H8O3 甘油，丙三醇 [GLYCERINE + -OL1]

glycine /ˈɡlaisi:n/ n. Biochem.  the simplest naturally occurring amino acid, a general constituent of proteins 【生化】甘氨酸，氨基醋酸 [German Glycin from Greek glukus ‘sweet’]

glyco- /ˈɡlaikəʊ/ comb. form  sugar [构词成分]糖 [Greek glukus ‘sweet’]

glycogen /ˈɡlaikədʒ(ə)n/ n. Biochem.  a polysaccharide serving as a store of carbohydrates, esp. in animal tissues, and yielding glucose on hydrolysis 【生化】糖原 □ glycogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  

glycogenesis /ɡlaikəʊˈdʒenisis/ n. Biochem.  the formation of glycogen from sugar 【生化】糖原生成(作用)

glycol /ˈɡlaikɒl/ n. Chem.  a diol, esp. ethylene glycol 【化】二醇，尤指乙二醇 □ glycolic  /-ˈkɒlik/ adj.  □ glycollic  /-ˈkɒlik/ adj.   [GLYCERINE + -OL1, originally as being intermediate between glycerine and alcohol]

glycolysis /ɡlaiˈkɒlisis/ n. Biochem.  the breakdown of glucose by enzymes in most living organisms to release energy and pyruvic acid 【生化】酵解；糖酵解

glycoprotein /ɡlaikəʊˈprəʊti:n/ n.  any of a class of compounds consisting of a protein combined with a carbohydrate 糖蛋白

glycoside /ˈɡlaikəsaid/ n.  any compound giving sugar and other products on hydrolysis 糖苷 □ glycosidic  /-ˈsidik/ adj.   [GLYCO-, after GLUCOSIDE]

glycosuria /ɡlaikəˈsjʊəriə/ n.  a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, associated with diabetes, kidney disease, etc. 糖尿 □ glycosuric  adj.   [French glycose ‘glucose’ + -URIA]

glyph /ɡlif/ n.  1  a sculptured character or symbol 雕刻的文字，雕像 2  a vertical groove, esp. that on a Greek frieze (建筑物上的)束腰竖沟(尤指希腊雕带，即墙头或建筑物上端的带状装饰) □ glyphic  adj.   [French glyphe from Greek gluphē ‘carving’, from gluphō ‘carve’]

glyptal /ˈɡlipt(ə)l/ n.  an alkyd resin, esp. one formed from glycerine and phthalic acid or anhydride 甘酞树脂，丙三醇邻苯二甲酐树脂(一种醇酸树脂合成物，尤指由甘油和邻苯二甲酸或酐合成的) [perhaps from glycerol + phthalic]

glyptic /ˈɡliptik/ adj.  of or concerning carving, esp. on precious stones 雕刻的(尤指在宝石上雕刻的) [French glyptique or Greek gluptikos, via gluptēs ‘carver’ from gluphō ‘carve’]

glyptodont /ˈɡlyptədɒnt/ n.  any extinct armadillo-like edentate animal of the genus Glyptodon native to S. America, having fluted teeth and a body covered in a hard thick bony shell (已绝种的)雕齿兽，雕齿兽属(原产南美，齿长有槽，身体表面有硬厚骨质外壳) [modern Latin, from Greek gluptos ‘carved’ + odous odontos ‘tooth’]

glyptography /ɡlipˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the art or scientific study of gem-engraving 宝石雕刻艺术；宝石雕刻学 [Greek gluptos ‘carved’ + -GRAPHY]

glühwein /ˈɡlu:vain/ n.  mulled wine 制成热饮的葡萄酒 [German, from glühen ‘mull’ + Wein ‘wine’]

GM abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) George Medal (英国)乔治勋章 2 (in the US) General Motors (美国)通用汽车 3  general manager 总经理 4  grant-maintained 

gm abbr. [缩略]  gram(s) 

G-man n. (pl. G-men)  1 US colloq.  an FBI agent [美口]美国联邦调查局 (FBI) 的调查员，密探 2 Ir.  a political detective [爱尔兰]政治侦探 [Government + MAN]

GMB abbr. (in the UK) General and Municipal Boilermakers (Union) [缩略] (英国)通用与市政锅炉制造商(联合会)

GMPU abbr. (in the UK) Graphical, Paper, and Media Union (formed by the merger of the NGA and SOGAT in 1991) [缩略] (英国)图文、纸张与媒体联合会 (NGA 和 SOGAT 在 1991 年合并产生)

GMS abbr. (with reference to schools) grant maintained status [缩略] (指学校)已获取经费批准

GMT abbr. [缩略]  Greenwich Mean Time 

GMWU abbr. (in the UK) General and Municipal Workers' Union [缩略] (英国)通用与市政工人工会

gnamma /ˈnæmə/ n. (also 亦作 namma) Austral.  a natural hole in a rock, containing water; a waterhole [澳]岩石里的水胆；水坑 [Nyungar ngamar]

gnarled /nɑ:ld/ adj. (also 亦作 gnarly /ˈnɑ:li/) (of a tree, hands, etc.) knobbly, twisted, rugged (树、手等)多节的，多瘤的；扭曲的；粗糙的 □ gnarl  n.   [variant of knarled, related to KNURL]

gnash /næʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  grind (the teeth) 咬或磨(牙) 2 intr. (of the teeth) strike together; grind 切齿，咬牙；磨牙 ●n.  an act of grinding the teeth 磨牙 [variant of obsolete gnacche or gnast, related to Old Norse gnastan ‘a gnashing’ (imitative)]

gnashers /ˈnæʃəz/ n. pl. slang  teeth, esp. false teeth [俚语]牙(尤指假牙)

gnat /næt/ n.  1  any small two-winged biting fly of the genus Culex, esp. C. pipiens 叮人小虫(尤指小咬、蚋) 2  an insignificant annoyance 小烦恼 3  a tiny thing 琐碎的事情 [Old English gnœtt]

gnathic /ˈnæθik, ˈnei-/ adj.  of or relating to the jaws 颚的，颌的 [Greek gnathos ‘jaw’]

gnaw /nɔ:/ v. (past part. gnawed or gnawn)  1  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off, in two, etc.)  bite persistently; wear away by biting 不停地咬，啃；啃断，咬掉b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, into)  bite, nibble 吃，啃，咬 2  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, into) (of a destructive agent, pain, fear, etc.) corrode; waste away; consume; torture (被破坏性物质或疼痛、恐惧等)腐蚀，侵蚀；耗费；消磨；折磨b tr.  corrode, consume, torture, etc. with pain, fear, etc. (以疼痛、恐惧等)腐蚀，侵蚀；耗费；消磨；折磨  was gnawed by doubt  被疑虑所折磨 3 tr. (as 作 gnawing adj.)  persistent; worrying 不停的，不断的；令人发愁担忧的 □ gnawingly  adv.   [Old English gnagen, ultimately imitative]

gneiss /nais/ n.  a usu. coarse-grained metamorphic rock foliated by mineral layers, principally of feldspar, quartz, and ferromagnesian minerals 片麻岩 □ gneissic  adj.  □ gneissoid  adj.  □ gneissose  adj.   [German]

gnocchi /ˈn(j)ɒki, ˈɡnɒki/ n. pl.  an Italian dish of small dumplings usu. made from potato, semolina flour, etc., often flavoured with spinach and cheese 意大利小饺子(通常用土豆和粗粒面粉等制成并常以菠菜和奶酪调味) [Italian, pl. of gnocco, from nocchio ‘knot in wood’]

gnome1 /nəʊm/ n.  1  a  a dwarfish legendary creature supposed to guard the earth's treasures underground; a goblin (传说中地下宝藏的)守护神，地精，土地神；小妖精b  a figure of a gnome, esp. as a garden ornament 守护神塑像(尤指用于花园中的饰物) 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) colloq.  a person with sinister influence, esp. financial [口]有邪恶的影响力的人(尤指金钱方面)  gnomes of Zurich  苏黎士的国际银行家们 □ gnomish  adj.   [French, from modern Latin gnomus (word invented by Paracelsus)]

gnome2 /nəʊm, ˈnəʊmi/ n.  a maxim; an aphorism 格言，警句 [Greek gnōmē ‘opinion’ from gignōskō ‘know’]

gnomic /ˈnəʊmik/ adj.  1  of, consisting of, or using gnomes or aphorisms; sententious (see 见 GNOME2) 格言的，用格言的；说教的 2 Gram. (of a tense) used without the implication of time to express a general truth, e.g. men were deceivers ever 【语法】(时态)表示普遍真理的，如，人人都会有说谎的时候 □ gnomically  adv.   [Greek gnōmikos (as GNOME2)]

gnomon /ˈnəʊmɒn/ n.  1  the rod or pin etc. on a sundial that shows the time by the position of its shadow (日晷的)晷针，指时针 2 Geom.  the part of a parallelogram left when a similar parallelogram has been taken from its corner 【几】磬折形(自平行四边形的一角截去一较小平行四边形后的图形) 3 Astron.  a column etc. used in observing the sun's meridian altitude 【天】日晷(用以测太阳子午线纬度) □ gnomonic  /-ˈmɒnik/ adj.   [French or Latin gnomon from Greek gnōmōn ‘indicator’ etc., from gignōskō ‘know’]

gnosis /ˈnəʊsis/ n.  knowledge of spiritual mysteries 灵知，神秘的直觉 [Greek gnōsis ‘knowledge’ (as GNOMON)]

gnostic /ˈnɒstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  relating to knowledge, esp. esoteric mystical knowledge 直觉的(尤指神秘直觉的) 2 (作 Gnostic)  concerning the Gnostics; occult; mystic (相信神秘直觉说的早期基督教)诺斯替教派的，诺斯替派教徒的；超自然的，玄奥的；神秘的 ●n. (作 Gnostic) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a Christian heretic of the 1st － 3rd c. claiming gnosis (1 世纪至 3 世纪相信神秘直觉说的早期基督教的一个异端派别)诺斯替教派 □ Gnosticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ gnosticize  /-saiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [ecclesiastical Latin gnosticus from Greek gnōstikos (as GNOSIS)]

GNP abbr. [缩略]  gross national product 

Gnr. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Gunner 

gns. abbr. Brit. hist. [缩略] [英史义]  guineas 

gnu /nu:, nju:; ɡn-/ n.  any antelope of the genus Connochaetes, native to S. Africa, with a large erect head and brown stripes on the neck and shoulders Also called 亦称作 wildebeest (原产于南非的)牛羚，角马(头大，颈部与背部有棕色条纹) [Bushman nqu, probably via Dutch gnoe]

GNVQ abbr.  General National Vocational Qualification [缩略]全民职业资格(证书)

go1 /ɡəʊ/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (3rd sing. present goes /ɡəʊz/; past went /went/; past part. gone /ɡɒn/)  1 intr.  a  start moving or be moving from one place or point in time to another; travel, proceed 去；旅行；前进，行进b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or and + verb)  proceed in order to 为某目的而前去，前行  went to find him  前去找他 go and buy some bread  去买些面包c (foll. by 后跟 and + verb) colloq.  expressing annoyance [口]表示烦恼  you went and told him  你去告诉他吧 they've gone and broken it  他们已毁约离去 she went and won  她一去就嬴了 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun)  make a special trip for; participate in; proceed to do 专程去做某事；参加；前去做某事  went skiing  去滑雪 then went shopping  然后去买东西 often goes running  经常去跑步 3 intr.  lie or extend in a certain direction 通向，达到，延伸至  the road goes to London  这条公路通往伦敦 4 intr.  leave; depart 离开；离去  they had to go  他们不得不走了 5 intr.  move, act, work, etc. 移动，活动，工作等  the clock doesn't go  这钟表停了 his brain is going all the time  他的大脑在不停地思考 6 intr.  a  make a specified movement 做出规定的运动  go like this with your foot  让你的脚这样走b  make a sound (of a specified kind) 发出某种声音  the gun went bang  枪砰的一声响了 the cow went ‘moo’  那头牛“哞哞”地叫着c (of a bell etc.) make a sound in functioning (铃声等)发出功能性响声  an ambulance with its sirens going  一辆救护车尖声鸣笛 the doorbell went  门铃响了d colloq.  say [口]说  so he goes to me ‘Why didn't you like it?’  他向我问到：“你为什么不喜欢呢？” 7 intr.  be in a specified state 处于某种状态  go hungry  饿了 went in fear of his life  他吓得不得了 8 intr.  a  pass into a specified condition 进入某种状态，变为  gone bad  已经坏了 went mad  发狂 went to sleep  睡下了b colloq.  die [口]死c  proceed or escape in a specified condition 进入或摆脱某种状况  the poet went unrecognized  那位诗人无人欣赏 the crime went unnoticed  这桩罪行无人知晓 9 intr. (of time or distance) pass, elapse; be traversed (指时间或距离)过去，消逝；走过，横贯，穿过  ten days to go before Easter  离复活节还有 10 天 the last mile went quickly  最后的 1 英里过得很快 10 intr.  a (of a document, verse, song, etc.) have a specified content or wording; run (文献、诗、歌等)有某种内容或言辞的  the tune goes like this  那曲子是这样的b  be current or accepted 被普遍接受的  so the story goes  据说c  be suitable; fit; match 合适；适当；相配  the shoes don't go with the hat  这鞋和那帽子不搭配d  be regularly kept or put 放，置，摆，在(通常或应在的位置)  the forks go here  那些餐叉放在这儿e  fit; be accommodated 合适；装(进某物中)  this won't go into the cupboard  柜厨里装不下这东西 11 intr.  a  turn out, proceed; take a course or view 发生；出现；结果；进行  things went well  事情进展顺利 Liverpool went Labour  工党在利物浦竞选得胜b  be successful 胜利，成功  make the party go  使晚会成功 went like a bomb  大获成功c  progress 行进，进展  we've still a long way to go  我们还有很长的路要走 12 intr.  a  be sold 出售，卖掉  went for £ 1  卖了 1 英镑 went cheap  贱卖b (of money) be spent 花费  £ 200 went on a new jacket  一件新外衣花了 200 英镑 13 intr.  a  be relinquished, dismissed, or abolished 被放弃、解雇或废除  the car will have to go  这辆车得扔掉了b  fail, decline; give way, collapse 衰退，消失；退让，崩溃  his sight is going  他的视力衰退了 the bulb has gone  灯泡坏了 14 intr.  be acceptable or permitted; be accepted without question 可接受的或被允许的；被完全接纳的  anything goes  什么都可以 what I say goes  我的话算数 15 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 by, with, on, upon)  be guided by; judge or act on or in harmony with 遵照…行动；参照…行事  have nothing to go on  没有任何东西可以参照 a good rule to go by  应该遵守的良好规则 16 intr.  attend or visit or travel to regularly 定期参加，访问或前往  goes to church  去教堂做礼拜 goes to school  去上学 this train goes to Bristol  这是开往布里斯托尔的火车 17 intr. (foll. by 后跟 pres. part.) colloq.  proceed (often foolishly) to do [口]前去做某事(常指愚蠢地)  went running to the police  向警察跑去 don't go making him angry  别去招惹他 18 intr.  act or proceed to a certain point 做到或达到某一点(或某一程度)  will go so far and no further  只能到此为止 went as high as £ 100  涨到 100 英镑之高 19 intr. (of a number) be capable of being contained in another (算术的)除得整数商  6 into 12 goes twice  6 除 12 得 2  6 into 5 won't go  6 除 5 不能除尽 20 tr. Cards  bid; declare 【牌戏】叫牌  go nap  自报满贯 has gone two spades  叫了两张黑桃 21 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be allotted or awarded; pass 归，落入…手；将某物递给某人  first prize went to the girl  那个女孩得了一等奖 the job went to his rival  他的竞争对手得到了那个工作 22 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, towards)  amount to; contribute to 总共，合成；有助于，趋向于  12 inches go to make a foot  12 英寸等于 1 码 this will go towards your holiday  这对你的假期会有用 23 intr. (in imper. 用于祈使句)  begin motion 开始运动 (a starter's order in a race 如比赛开始的命令)  ready, steady, go!  各就位，预备，跑！ 24 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  refer or appeal 求助(于)，诉诸  go to him for help  求助于他 25 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  take up a specified profession 从事某一职业  went on the stage  从事舞台事业 gone soldiering  参军 went to sea  当海员 26 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 by, under)  be known or called 被称作，被叫做  goes by the name of Droopy  被大家叫做 Droopy 27 tr. colloq.  proceed to [口]去  go jump in the lake  滚开，别来讨厌 28 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  apply to; have relevance for 有效，适用；有关  that goes for me too  对我也是一样 ●n. (pl. goes)  1  the act or an instance of going 去，进行 2  mettle; spirit; dash; animation 耐力，勇气；精神；干劲；活力  she has a lot of go in her  她精力充沛 3  vigorous activity 积极行动  it's all go  一切顺利 4 colloq.  a success [口]成功  made a go of it  干得很好，很成功 5 colloq.  a turn; an attempt [口]干一下；试一下  I'll have a go  我来试试 it's my go  该我了 all in one go  一口气 6 esp. Brit. colloq.  a state of affairs [尤英口]事情(尤指棘手的事)  a rum go  怪事，可疑的事 7 esp. Brit. colloq.  an attack of illness [尤英口] (疾病的)侵袭，发作  a bad go of flu  很严重的流感 8 esp. Brit. colloq.  a quantity of liquor, food, etc. served at one time [尤英口]一杯(酒)，一份(食品) ●adj. colloq. [口]  1  functioning properly 运行正常的  all systems are go  所有系统全部正常 2  fashionable; progressive 流行的；进步的，前进的 □ all the go  Brit. colloq.  in fashion [英口]风靡一时□ as (or so) far as it goes   an expression of caution against taking a statement too positively 到目前为止  the work is good as far as it goes  目前为止一切顺利□ as (a person or thing) goes   as the average is 一般水平  a good actor as actors go  水平还不错的演员□ from the word go  colloq.  from the very beginning [口]最初□ give it a go  colloq.  make an effort to succeed [口]努力使成功□ go about   1  busy oneself with; set to work at 从事；干，做 2  be socially active 忙于社交 3 (foll. by 后跟 pres. part.)  make a habit of doing 惯于  goes about telling lies  惯于撒谎 4 Naut.  change to an opposite tack 【海】改变航向□ go against   1  be contrary to 违反  goes against my principles  有违我的原则 2  have an unfavourable result for 结果不利于  decision went against them  决定对他们不利□ go ahead   proceed without hesitation 继续前进，取得进展□ go along with   agree to; take the same view as 赞同；观点一致□ go around   1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  be regularly in the company of 经常与某人来往 2  = go about 3 □ go-as-you-please   untrammelled; free 毫无束缚；完全自由□ go at   take in hand energetically; attack 精力充沛地开始干；着手干□ go away   depart, esp. from home for a holiday etc. 离开(尤指外出度假)□ go back   1  return (to) 回到，返回 2  extend backwards in space or time (时间或空间上)倒退，回到  goes back to the 18th century  回到 18 世纪 3 (of the hour, a clock, etc.) be set to an earlier standard time (将时间、钟表等)拨回，倒拨  the clocks go back in the autumn  在秋天将钟表回复到冬令时□ go back on   fail to keep (one's word, promise, etc.) 不履行诺言，食言，失信□ go bail   see 见 BAIL1 □ go begging   see 见 BEG □ go by   1  pass 过去，经过 2  be dependent on; be guided by 依靠，依赖；遵照，依照□ go by default   see 见 DEFAULT □ go down   1  a (of an amount) become less (指量的)减少，减小  the coffee has gone down a lot  咖啡已经用去了不少b  subside 落下，退下  the flood went down  洪水已退下c  decrease in price; lose value 降价，跌价；失去价值 2  a (of a ship) sink (指船)沉没b (of the sun) set (指太阳)落下 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be continued to a specified point 继续到(某处，某点) 4  deteriorate; fail; (of a computer network etc.) cease to function 恶化；失败；(指计算机系统等)出故障 5  be recorded in writing 用文字记录下，记下 6  be swallowed 咽下，吞下 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  find acceptance 被接受，受欢迎 8 Brit. colloq.  leave university [英口]大学毕业，离开大学 9 Brit. colloq.  be sent to prison [英口]入狱，坐牢  went down for ten years  蹲了 10 年监狱 10 (often foll. by 常后跟 before)  fall (before a conqueror) (在征服者面前)屈服□ go down with  Brit.  begin to suffer from (a disease) [英]患(病)□ go Dutch   see 见 DUTCH □ go far   be very successful 非常成功□ go for   1  go to fetch 去拿 2  be accounted as or achieve 被认为；适合；取得  went for nothing  毫无收获 3  prefer; choose 喜欢；选择  that's the one I go for  那正是我想要的 4 colloq.  strive to attain [口]努力争取，尽力求得  go for it!  那就去呀！ 5 colloq.  attack [口]攻击  the dog went for him  狗向他冲过去□ go forward   1  proceed, progress 行进，前进  go forward into the next round  进入下一轮 2 (of the hour, a clock, etc.) be set to a later time, esp. summer time (将时间、钟表等)拨快(尤指在夏天将钟表拨到夏令时)□ go great guns   see 见 GUN □ go halves (or shares)  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  share equally 平均分配□ go in   1  enter a room, house, etc. 进入(房间，房屋等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  enter as a competitor 参赛 3 Cricket  take or begin an innings 【板球】入场击球，开始一场比赛 4 (of the sun etc.) become obscured by cloud (指太阳等)被云遮住□ go in for   take as one's object, style, pursuit, principle, etc. 追求，爱好；主张，赞成□ going!, gone!   an auctioneer's announcement that bidding is closing or closed (拍卖用语)要卖了！卖掉了！ □ go into   1  enter (a place); go to stay in (hospital etc.) 进入(某处)；住进(医院等) 2  pass into (a state or condition) 进入(某种状况或情况)  he has gone into hiding  他躲起来了 the company went into liquidation  公司清算破产了 3  investigate 调查 4 (of resources etc.) be invested in (指资源等)被投资  a lot of effort went into this  已经就此做了大量的努力 5  start a career or interest in 开始某一职业；开始对某事感兴趣 6  dress oneself in (mourning etc.) 身着(丧服等)□ go it  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  act vigorously, furiously, etc. 使劲干，拼命干，莽撞 2  indulge in dissipation 放荡，挥霍□ go it alone   see 见 ALONE □ go it strong  Brit. colloq.  go to great lengths; exaggerate [英口]竭尽全力，做得过份□ go a long way   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  have a great effect; contribute or progress significantly 影响极大；明显促成或进展 2 (of food, money, etc.) last a long time, buy much (指食品、钱等)能维持很久，能买很多 3  = go far □ go off   1  explode 爆炸 2  leave the stage (指演员)退场，下场 3  gradually cease to be felt 被渐渐淡忘 4 (esp. of foodstuffs) deteriorate; decompose (尤指食物)变质；腐烂 5  go to sleep; become unconscious 入睡；失去知觉 6  begin 开始 7 (of an alarm) begin to sound (指警报器)发出声音，开始报警 8  die 死 9  be got rid of by sale etc. 卖掉 10 Brit. colloq.  begin to dislike [英口]开始不喜欢…  I've gone off him  我开始不喜欢他了□ go off at  Austral. & NZ slang  reprimand, scold [澳新] [俚语]训斥，责骂□ go off well (or badly etc.)  (of an enterprise etc.) be received or accomplished well (or badly etc.) (指企业等)运作成功(或失败等)□ go on   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 pres. part.)  continue, persevere 继续，坚持  decided to go on with it  决定进行下去 went on trying  继续尝试 unable to go on  不能进行下去 2 colloq. [口]  a  talk at great length 长篇大论b (foll. by 后跟 at)  admonish 责备  went on and on at him  没完没了地埋怨他 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  proceed 继续进行  went on to become a star  继续成长为明星 4  happen 发生 5  conduct oneself 行为，表现  shameful, the way they went on  他们的表现可真丢人 6 Theatr.  appear on stage 【戏】上场，出场 7 Cricket  begin bowling 【板球】开始投球 8 (of a garment) be large enough for its wearer (指服装)够大 9  take one's turn to do something 轮到某人做某事 10 (also 亦作 go upon) Brit. colloq.  use as evidence [英口]以某事为依据形成意见或判断  police don't have anything to go on  警方无任何依据做出判断 11 (esp. in neg. 尤用于否定句) colloq. [口]  a  concern oneself about 忙于(某事)b  care for 爱好，喜好  don't go much on red hair  别太热衷红头发 12  become chargeable to (the parish etc.) 由(教区等)支付生活费□ go on!  colloq.  an expression of encouragement or disbelief [口]表示鼓励或不相信□ go out   1  leave a room, house, etc. 离开房间，房屋等 2  be broadcast 被播出 3  be extinguished 被扑灭，被消灭 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  have a sexual relationship 与(某人)有性关系 5 (of a government) leave office (指一届政府)离政，下台 6  cease to be fashionable 过时，不再流行 7 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  depart, esp. to a colony etc. 起程(尤指去殖民地等) 8 colloq.  lose consciousness [口]失去知觉 9 (of workers) strike (指工人)罢工 10 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (of the heart etc.) expand with sympathy etc. towards (指情感等)充满(对某人的)同情等  my heart goes out to them  我对他们深表同情 11 Golf  play the first nine holes in a round 【高尔夫球】(一轮)打头 9 穴 12 Cards  be the first to dispose of one's hand 【牌戏】第一个打完手中的牌 13 (of a tide) ebb; recede to low tide (指潮水)退潮；落潮□ go over   1  inspect the details of; rehearse; retouch 仔细查看；演习；润色 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  change one's allegiance or religion 改变(某人的)拥护，忠诚或宗教信仰 3 (of a play etc.) be received, esp. favourably (指戏剧等)受到认可(尤指反响热烈的)  went over well in Dundee  在邓迪市受到热烈欢迎□ go round (or US [美] around)   1  spin, revolve 转，旋转 2  be long enough to encompass 长得足够围住 3 (of food etc.) suffice for everybody (指食物等)足够每人吃的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  visit informally 非正式访问 5  = go around □ go slow  Brit.  deliberately work slowly, as a form of industrial action (cf. 参见 GO-SLOW) [英]怠工□ go through   1  be dealt with or completed 处理，应付或完成 2  discuss in detail; scrutinize in sequence 详细探讨；(仔细或系统地)检查，研究 3  perform (a ceremony, a recitation, etc.) 举行(典礼)；表演(朗诵等) 4  undergo 经历，经受，承受 5 colloq.  use up; spend (money etc.) [口]耗尽，用光；花光(金钱等) 6  make holes in 磨穿，磨出孔洞 7 (of a book) be successively published (in so many editions) (指书)接连发行(许多版) 8 Austral. slang  abscond [澳] [俚语]逃亡，潜逃□ go through with   not leave unfinished; complete 做完，完成□ go to!  archaic  an exclamation of disbelief, impatience, admonition, etc. [古义]不会！我不信！(表示怀疑、不耐烦或警告等)□ go to the bar   become a barrister 从事律师职业，做律师□ go to blazes (or hell or Jericho etc.)  slang  an exclamation of dismissal, contempt, etc. [俚语]见鬼去吧(表示拒绝考虑、轻蔑等)□ go to the country   see 见 COUNTRY □ go together   1  match; fit 相配；合适 2  have a sexual relationship (与某人)有性关系□ go to it!  colloq.  begin work! [口]开始干活！ □ go to show (or prove)   serve as evidence (or proof) (also absol. [亦含宾]) 证明，证实□ go under   sink; fail; succumb 沉没；失败；屈从□ go up   1  increase in price 提价，涨价 2 Brit. colloq.  enter university [英口]进大学 3  be consumed (in flames etc.); explode 被(火焰等)烧毁；爆炸□ go well (or ill etc.)  (often foll. by 通常后跟 with)  turn out well, (or ill etc.) 痊愈(或患病)□ go with   1  be harmonious with; match 和谐；相配 2  agree to; take the same view as 赞同；看法或观点一致 3  a  be a pair with 与…成双，与…成对b  have a sexual relationship (与某人)有性关系 4  follow the drift of 随大流，从众□ go without   manage without; forgo 忍受某事物的缺乏；没有某事物也可以应付 also absol. [亦含宾]: we shall just have to go without  既然没有，我们只好凑合着点儿了□ go with the tide (or times)   do as others do; follow the drift 从众，随大流□ have a go at   1 esp. Brit.  attack, criticize [尤英]攻击，批评 2  attempt, try 试图；尝试□ on the go  colloq. [口]  1  in constant motion 在不停活动 2  constantly working 不停工作的，忙个不停的□ to go   1  still to be dealt with 有待处理 2 N. Amer. (of refreshments etc.) to be eaten or drunk off the premises [北美] (指茶点等)外卖的，带到饭馆外面去吃的□ who goes there?   a sentry's challenge 谁在那儿？(哨兵发出的止步命令) [Old English gɑˉn, from Germanic: went originally the past tense of WEND]

go2 /ɡəʊ/ n.  a Japanese board game of territorial possession and capture 围棋 [Japanese]

goa /ˈɡəʊə/ n.  a Tibetan gazelle, Procapra picticaudata, with backward curving horns 藏原羚(藏黄羊) (产于中国西藏的一种棕灰色的长毛小羚羊，长有向后卷曲的角) [Tibetan dgoba]

goad /ɡəʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spiked stick used for urging cattle forward (赶牲口用的)刺棒 2  anything that torments, incites, or stimulates 任何(使)痛苦、激励、刺激之物 ●v. tr.  1  urge on with a goad 用刺棒驱赶(牲口) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, into)  irritate; stimulate 激怒(某人)；刺激，激励  goaded him into retaliating  刺激他进行报复 goaded me on to win  激励着我去努力成功 [Old English gɑˉd, related to Lombard gaida ‘arrowhead’, from Germanic]

go-ahead n. & adj. ●n.  permission to proceed 准许行进，放行 ●adj.  enterprising 有事业心的，有胆识的

goal /ɡəʊl/ n.  1  the object of a person's ambition or effort; a destination; an aim 人的努力或奋斗目标；目的地；目的，意图  fame is his goal  成名是他的目标 London was our goal  伦敦是我们的目的地 2  a Football  a pair of posts linked by a crossbar, forming a space into which the ball has to be sent to score 【足球】球门b  a cage or basket used similarly in other games (其他球戏项目中用于类似目的的)球门；球篮c  a successful attempt to score 进球得分  it's a goal!  球进了！d  a point won 得分，赢分  scored 3 goals  得了 3 分 3  a point marking the end of a race 决定胜负的最后一分 □ in goal   in the position of goalkeeper 当守门员□ goalless  adj.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘limit, boundary’: origin unknown]

goal average n. Football  the ratio of the numbers of goals scored for and against a team in a series of matches 【足球】(一个球队在一系列球赛中的)进球平均数

goalball /ˈɡəʊlbɔ:l/ n.  a team ball game for blind and visually handicapped players 由盲人与视觉残障运动员组成的球队

goal difference n. Football  the difference of goals scored for and against a team 【足球】(球队)净胜球数

goalie /ˈɡəʊli/ n. colloq. [口]  = GOALKEEPER 

goalkeeper /ˈɡəʊlki:pə/ n.  a player stationed to protect the goal in various sports 守门员 □ goalkeeping  n.  

goal kick n.  1 Football  a kick by the defending side after attackers send the ball over the goal line without scoring 【足球】球门球 2 Rugby  an attempt to kick a goal 【英式橄榄球】射门，吊门 □ goal-kicker  n. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  □ goal-kicking  n. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  

goal line n.  a line between the posts of a goal, extended to form the end boundary of a field of play or the boundary beyond which a try or touchdown may be scored (cf. 参见 TOUCHLINE) (球类项目中的)端线，底线

goalmouth /ˈɡəʊlmaʊθ/ n.  the space between or near the posts of a goal in football, hockey, etc. (足球、曲棍球等的)球门口(球门柱之间或附近的区域)

goalpost /ˈɡəʊlpəʊst/ n.  either of the two upright posts of a goal 球门柱 □ move the goalposts   alter the basis or scope of a procedure during its course, so as to fit adverse circumstances encountered 中途改变规则(在进程中改变其基础或范围以适应遭遇的不利情况)

goalscorer /ˈɡəʊlskɔ:rə/ n.  a player who scores a goal 进球队员 □ goalscoring  n. & adj.  

goaltender /ˈɡəʊltendə/ n. (also 亦作 goalminder) N. Amer.  a goalkeeper at ice hockey [北美]冰球守门员 □ goaltending  n.  

goanna /ɡəʊˈænə/ n. Austral.  a monitor lizard [澳]巨蜥 [corruption of IGUANA]

goat /ɡəʊt/ n.  1  a  a hardy lively frisky short-haired domesticated mammal, Capra aegagrus, having horns and (in the male) a beard, and kept for its milk and meat 山羊b  either of two similar mammals, the mountain goat and the Spanish goat 野生白山羊，高山山羊；西班牙山羊 2  any other mammal of the genus Capra, including the ibex 山羊属哺乳动物 3  a lecherous man 色鬼 4 Brit. colloq.  a foolish person [英口]蠢人 5 (作 the Goat)  the zodiacal sign Capricorn or the constellation Capricornus 山羊座，摩羯座 6 US  a scapegoat [美]替罪羊 □ get a person's goat  colloq.  irritate a person [口]使人发怒，触怒□ goatish  adj.  □ goaty  adj.   [Old English gɑˉt ‘she-goat’]

goat-antelope n.  a ruminant mammal of the subfamily Caprinae, esp. of the tribe Rupicaprini, which includes the chamois, goral, and Rocky Mountain goat 山羚羊(包括岩羚羊、斑羚、石山羊的山羊亚科反刍动物)

goatee /ɡəʊˈti:/ n. (in full 全称 goatee beard)  a small pointed beard like a goat's 山羊胡子

goatherd /ˈɡəʊthɜ:d/ n.  a person who tends goats (放牧山羊的)牧羊人，羊倌

goat moth n.  any of various large moths of the family Cossidae, esp. Cossus cossus, whose wood-boring caterpillar smells like a goat 木蠹蛾科昆虫(尤指枊木蠹蛾，其幼虫有山羊味)

goat's-beard n.  1  a yellow-flowered meadow plant, Tragopogon pratensis (daisy family) 波罗门参(开黄色花朵的草地植物，属雏菊科) 2  a herbaceous plant of the rose family, Aruncus dioicus, with long plumes of white flowers 假升麻(玫瑰科草本植物，开白色翎状花朵)

goatskin /ˈɡəʊtskin/ n.  1  the skin of a goat 山羊皮 2  a garment or bottle made out of goatskin 山羊皮制成的服装，山羊皮囊

goatsucker /ˈɡəʊtsʌkə/ n.  = NIGHTJAR 

gob1 /ɡɒb/ n. esp. Brit. slang  the mouth [尤英] [俚语]嘴，口 [perhaps from Gaelic & Irish, = beak, mouth]

gob2 /ɡɒb/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 Brit.  a clot of slimy matter [英] (黏性物质的)凝块 2 N. Amer.  a small lump [北美]一小团，块 3 (in pl. 用复数； foll. by 后跟 of) N. Amer.  lots of [北美]很多，许多，大量 ●v. intr. (gobbed, gobbing) Brit.  spit [英]吐，吐痰 [Middle English from Old French go(u)be ‘mouthful’]

gob3 /ɡɒb/ n. slang  a US sailor [俚语]美国海员，美国水手 [20th c.: origin unknown]

gobbet /ˈɡɒbit/ n.  1  a piece or lump of flesh, food, slime, etc. 片，团，块(指肉、食物、黏液等) 2  an extract from a text, esp. one set for translation or comment in an examination (在考试中供考生翻译或评论而摘录的)引文片段 [Middle English from Old French gobet (as GOB2)]

gobble1 /ˈɡɒb(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  eat hurriedly and noisily 狼吞虎咽 □ gobbler  n.   [probably dialect, from GOB2]

gobble2 /ˈɡɒb(ə)l/ v. intr.  1 (of a turkeycock) make a characteristic swallowing sound in the throat (指雄火鸡)发出咯咯叫的声音 2  make such a sound when speaking, esp. when excited, angry, etc. (指人说话激动、愤怒时等)发出咯咯声 [imitative: perhaps based on GOBBLE1]

gobbledegook /ˈɡɒb(ə)ldiɡu:k, -ʊk/ n. (also 亦作 gobbledygook) colloq.  pompous or unintelligible jargon [口]浮夸(或莫名其妙)的话 [probably imitative of a turkeycock]

gobbler /ˈɡɒblə/ n. colloq.  a turkeycock [口]雄火鸡

Gobelin /ˈɡəʊb(ə)læn, ˈɡɒb-, -lin/ n. (in full 全称 Gobelin tapestry)  1  a tapestry made at the Gobelins factory 巴黎哥白林染织厂制造的双面挂毯 2  a tapestry imitating this 仿造的哥白林挂毯 [name of a State factory in Paris, called Gobelins after its original owners]

gobemouche /ˈɡɒbmu:ʃ/ n. (pl. gobemouches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a gullible listener 轻信他人者，轻信小道消息的人 [French gobe-mouches, = flycatcher, from gober ‘swallow’ + mouches ‘flies’]

go-between n.  an intermediary; a negotiator 掮客，媒人；中间人，调解人

Gobi /ˈgəubi/ n.  戈壁沙漠 [中国，蒙古]

goblet /ˈɡɒblit/ n.  1  a drinking vessel with a foot and a stem, usu. of glass (尤指玻璃制作的)高脚酒杯 2  a archaic  a metal or glass bowl-shaped drinking cup without handles, sometimes with a foot and a cover [古义]酒盏(金属或玻璃制作的钵形无柄饮酒器皿)b poet.  any drinking cup [诗]酒杯 3  a goblet-shaped receptacle forming part of a liquidizer 榨汁机上部高脚杯状的容器 [Middle English from Old French gobelet, diminutive of gobel ‘cup’, of unknown origin]

goblin /ˈɡɒblin/ n.  a mischievous ugly dwarflike creature of folklore (童话故事中丑陋而调皮的)小精灵，小妖怪 [Middle English, probably from Anglo-French gobelin, medieval Latin gobelinus, probably diminutive of the name Gobel, related to German Kobold: see COBALT]

gobsmacked /ˈɡɒbsmækt/ adj. Brit. slang  astounded; utterly astonished [英] [俚语]震惊的，吃惊的；大吃一惊的 □ gobsmacking  adj.   [GOB1 + SMACK1: with reference to clapping a hand to one's mouth in astonishment]

gobstopper /ˈɡɒbstɒpə/ n.  a very large hard sweet 大块硬糖

go-by n. colloq.  a snub; a slight [口]冷落，怠慢；蔑视  gave it the go-by  别理它

goby /ˈɡəʊbi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any small marine fish of the family Gobiidae, having ventral fins joined to form a sucker or disc 刺鳍鱼，虾虎鱼(虾虎鱼科小型海鱼，腹鳍相交形成吸盘或碟状) [Latin gobius, cobius from Greek kōbios GUDGEON1]

GOC abbr. Brit.  General Officer Commanding [缩略] [英]总指挥官

go-cart n.  1  a handcart 手推车 2  a pushchair 幼儿推车 3 var.  of GO-KART GO-KART 的变体 4 archaic  a baby walker [古义]小儿学步车

god /ɡɒd/ n.  1  a (in many religions) a superhuman being or spirit worshipped as having power over nature, human fortunes, etc.; a deity 神；神灵b  an image, idol, animal, or other object worshipped as divine or symbolizing a god 神像，被作为神崇拜(或象征神)的人(物) 2 (作 God) (in Christian and other monotheistic religions) the creator and ruler of the universe; the supreme being (在基督教和其他一神论宗教中)宇宙的创造者和主宰，上帝 3  a  an adored, admired, or influential person 极受崇敬、赞誉或极有影响的人b  something worshipped like a god 像神一样受崇拜之物  makes a god of success  拼命追求成功 4 (in pl. 用复数) Theatr. 【戏】  a  the gallery (剧院顶层的)最高楼座b  the people sitting in it (剧院顶层楼座的)观众 5 (作 God!)  an exclamation of surprise, anger, etc. 天哪！哎呀！ (表示惊讶、气愤等的感叹语) □ by God!   an exclamation of surprise etc. 表示惊讶等的感叹语(的的确确)□ for God's sake!   see 见 SAKE1 □ God bless   an expression of good wishes on parting 离别时对良好祝愿的表达(上帝保佑)□ God bless me (or my soul)   see 见 BLESS □ God damn (you, him, etc.)   may (you, he, etc.) be damned 天杀的，该死的□ God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost  (in the Christian tradition) the persons of the Trinity 圣父、圣子、圣灵(基督教中的三位一体)□ God forbid  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause, or absol. [含宾])  may it not happen! 上天不容！ □ God grant  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  may it happen 但愿…□ God help (you, him, etc.)   an expression of concern for or sympathy with a person (你、他等)真可怜(对某人关心或同情的表示)□ God knows   1  it is beyond all knowledge 天晓得  God knows what will become of him  天晓得他会怎么样 2  I call God to witness that 我以上帝的名义发誓(或保证)  God knows we tried hard enough  天作证我们已经尽力而为了□ God willing   if Providence allows 如果情况允许的话，如果可能的话□ in God's name   an appeal for help 求助语□ my (or oh) God!   an exclamation of surprise, anger, etc. (我的)天哪！ (用于表示惊讶、气愤等的感叹语)□ play God   assume importance or superiority 自以为了不起或高人一等□ with God   dead and in Heaven 去世并升入天堂□ godhood  n.  □ godship  n.  □ godward  adj. & adv.  □ godwards  adv.   [Old English from Germanic]

God-awful adj. slang  extremely unpleasant, nasty, etc. [俚语]糟透了，坏极了

godchild /ˈɡɒdtʃaild/ n. (pl. -children)  a person in relation to a godparent 教子

goddam /ˈɡɒdæm/ adj. (also 亦作 goddamned) slang  accursed, damnable [俚语]被诅咒的，可恶的，极坏的

god-daughter n.  a female godchild 教女

goddess /ˈɡɒdis/ n.  1  a female deity 女神 2  a woman who is adored, esp. for her beauty (尤指因其美丽而)受人爱慕的女性

godet /ɡəʊˈdet, ˈɡəʊdei/ n.  a triangular piece of material inserted in a dress, glove, etc. 放入或嵌入衣服、手套等的三角形布料 [Middle English from Old French]

godetia /ɡə(ʊ)ˈdi:ʃə/ n.  any plant of the genus Godetia, having showy rose-purple or reddish flowers 高代花属植物(开绚丽的玫瑰紫色或红色花朵) [modern Latin, named after C. H. Godet, Swiss botanist d. 1879]

go-devil n. US  an instrument used to clean the inside of pipes etc. [美]刮管器，冲棍

godfather /ˈɡɒdfɑ:θə/ n.  1  a male godparent 教父 2  a person directing an illegal organization, esp. a leader of the American Mafia 非法组织的首领(尤指美国黑手党的帮派领袖) □ my godfathers!  Brit. euphem.  my God! [英婉]天哪！ 

God-fearing adj.  earnestly religious 敬畏上帝的，虔诚的

godforsaken /ˈɡɒdfəseik(ə)n/ adj.  devoid of all merit; dismal; dreary 毫无价值的，凄凉的；阴沉的

Godfrey /ˈgɒdfri/   戈弗雷 [人名]

God-given adj.  received as from God; possessed from birth or by divine authority 天生的；与生俱来的，神赐的

godhead /ˈɡɒdhed/ n. (also 亦作 Godhead)  1  a  the state of being God or a god 神格b  divine nature 神性 2  a deity 神 3 (作 the Godhead)  God 上帝

godless /ˈɡɒdlis/ adj.  1  impious; wicked 邪恶的 2  without a god 无神的 3  not recognizing God 不敬奉上帝的 □ godlessness  n.  

godlike /ˈɡɒdlaik/ adj.  1  resembling God or a god in some quality, esp. in physical beauty 如神一般的(尤指肉体的魅力) 2  befitting or appropriate to a god 适合于神的，上帝般的

godly /ˈɡɒdli/ adj. (-ier, -iest)  religious, pious, devout 热爱和崇敬上帝的，虔诚的 □ godliness  n.  

godmother /ˈɡɒdmʌθə/ n.  a female godparent 教母

godown /ˈɡəʊdaʊn, ɡəʊˈdaʊn/ n.  a warehouse in parts of E. Asia, esp. in India (东亚等地的)仓库；(尤指印度的)货栈 [Portuguese gudɑˉo from Malay godong, perhaps from Telugu gidaṅgi ‘place where goods lie’ from kidu ‘lie’]

godparent /ˈɡɒdpɛər(ə)nt/ n.  a person who presents a child at baptism and responds on the child's behalf 教父(母)

God's Acre n.  a churchyard 教堂墓地

God's book n.  the Bible 圣经

God's country n. (also 亦作 God's own country)  an earthly paradise, esp. with reference to the United States 天府之邦，乐土(尤指美国)

godsend /ˈɡɒdsend/ n.  an unexpected but welcome event or acquisition (意外的)好运，天赐

God's gift n. often iron.  a godsend [常讽]意外得来的好事物，天赐

godson /ˈɡɒdsʌn/ n.  a male godchild 教子

Godspeed /ɡɒdˈspi:d/ int.  an expression of good wishes to a person starting a journey (祝福用语)一路平安，成功，幸运

God squad n. slang [俚语]  1  a religious organization, esp. an evangelical Christian group 上帝使团，一个宗教组织(尤指福音派新教会的一个流派) 2  its members 该组织的成员

God's truth n.  the absolute truth 绝对真理

godwit /ˈɡɒdwit/ n.  any wading bird of the genus Limosa, with long legs and a long straight or slightly upcurved bill 塍鹬(长嘴涉水鸟，长腿，嘴长且略向上弯) [16th c.: of unknown origin]

Godwottery /ɡɒdˈwɒt(ə)ri/ n. Brit. joc.  affected, archaic, or excessively elaborate speech or writing, esp. regarding gardens [英诙]做作的，陈旧的，辞藻过于修饰的言谈或文章(尤指描述花园) [God wot (in a poem on gardens, by T. E. Brown 1876)]

goer /ˈɡəʊə/ n.  1  a person or thing that goes 走动的人或物  a slow goer  走路慢的人 2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person who attends, esp. regularly 常去某地或参加某活动的人  a churchgoer  常去教堂做礼拜的人 3 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  a lively or persevering person or animal 活跃的或倔强的人(或动物)b  a sexually promiscuous person 性关系随便的人 4 colloq.  a project likely to be accepted or to succeed [口]易于被接受的(或可能成功的)计划，规划

goes 3rd sing. present  of GO  

goest /ˈɡəʊist/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of GO 

goeth /ˈɡəʊiθ/ archaic [古义] 3rd sing. present  of GO 

Goethean /ˈɡɜ:tiən/ adj. (also 亦作 Goethian)  of, relating to, or characteristic of the German writer J. W. von Goethe (d. 1832) (德国作家)约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德(卒于 1832 年)的，歌德派的，歌德风格的

gofer /ˈɡəʊfə/ n. esp. N. Amer slang  a person who runs errands, esp. on a film set or in an office; a dogsbody [尤北美] [俚语]差役，杂役(尤指在电影院或办公室)；勤杂工 [go for (see GO1)]

goffer /ˈɡɒfə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  make wavy, flute, or crimp (a lace edge, a trimming, etc.) with heated irons 用熨斗(在花边上、装饰材料上等)做出皱纹，皱褶，波纹 2 (as 作 goffered adj.) (of the edges of a book) embossed (书籍的)锯齿状浮雕花边 ●n.  1  an iron used for goffering 烫制花边的熨斗 2  ornamental plaiting used for frills etc. 用作饰边、褶边的装饰性辫结物 [French gaufrer ‘stamp with a patterned tool’ from gaufre ‘honeycomb’, related to WAFER, WAFFLE2]

go-getter n. colloq.  an aggressively enterprising person, esp. a businessman [口]雄心勃勃，进取心很强的人(尤指商人)

goggle /ˈɡɒɡ(ə)l/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  look with wide-open eyes 瞪圆眼睛看b (of the eyes) be rolled about; protrude (指眼睛)转动(或突出)眼珠 2 tr.  turn (the eyes) sideways or from side to side 斜着眼睛看，从一边到另一边地打量 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of the eyes) protuberant or rolling (指眼睛)突出或转动 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  spectacles for protecting the eyes from glare, dust, water, etc. (遮光、防尘、防水等的)护目镜b colloq.  spectacles [口]眼镜 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a sheep disease, the staggers 蹒跚病(一种羊的疾病) 3  a goggling expression 瞪大双眼的表情 [Middle English, probably from a base expressive of oscillating movement: related to JOG, JOGGLE1]

goggle-box n. Brit. colloq.  a television set [英口]电视机

goggle-dive n. Brit.  an underwater dive in goggles [英]戴潜水镜潜水

goggle-eyed adj.  having staring or protuberant eyes, esp. through astonishment or disbelief (尤指因惊异或怀疑)瞠目而视的；瞪大眼睛的

goglet /ˈɡɒɡlit/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a long-necked usu. porous earthenware vessel used for keeping water cool [印英] (尤指有气孔的陶制)冷水瓶 [Portuguese gorgoleta]

go-go adj. colloq. [口]  1 (of a dancer, music, etc.) in modern style; lively and rhythmic (指舞蹈、音乐等)现代风格的；有活力的，节奏感强的，动感的 2  unrestrained; energetic 无拘束的；充满活力的 3 (of investment) speculative (指投资)投机的

Goidel /ˈɡɔid(ə)l/ n.  a member of the Gaelic people that comprises the Scottish, Irish, and Manx Celts (包括苏格兰人、爱尔兰人和马恩岛凯尔特人的)盖尔人 [Old Irish Góidel: cf. GAEL]

Goidelic /ɡɔiˈdelik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the northern group of the Celtic languages, comprising Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx (包括爱尔兰人和苏格兰凯尔特人和马恩岛的)凯尔特语族 ●adj.  of or relating to the Goidelic or the Goidels 凯尔特语的，盖尔人的

going /ˈɡəʊiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the act or process of going 走；进行；进程b  an instance of this; a departure 行进，行走；出发，离开 2  a  the condition of the ground for walking, riding, etc. (走路、开车等时)地面(路面)的状况b  progress affected by this 受路面影响的进程  found the going hard  发现进展步履维艰 ●adj.  1  in or into action 开始或进入活动(运转)  set the clock going  使钟表开始走 2 esp. Brit.  existing, available; to be had [尤英]存在的，可用的，可得到的；现有的  there's cold beef going  有现成的冷牛肉 one of the best fellows going  当今活着的最好的人之一 3  current, prevalent 现行的，流行的  the going rate  现行率 □ get going   start steadily talking, working, etc. 开始不停地说或工作等  can't stop him when he gets going  他一张嘴就别想让他停下来□ going for one  colloq.  acting in one's favour [口]为某人的利益而活动  he has got a lot going for him  他为自己捞了不少□ going on fifteen   etc.esp. US approaching one's fifteenth etc. birthday [尤美]就要 15 (岁)了□ going on for  Brit.  approaching (a time, an age, etc.) [英] (在时间，岁数上等)接近，靠近  must be going on for 6 years  都快 6 年了□ going to   intending or intended to; about to; likely to 意欲，打算，想要；将要，就要；可能会  it's going to sink!  就要沉下去了！□ to be going on with   to start with; for the time being 开始着手；暂时□ while the going is good   while conditions are favourable 趁着有利时机 [GO1: in some senses from earlier a-going: see A2]

going away n.  a departure, esp. on a honeymoon 起程，动身(尤指去度蜜月) often, with hyphen, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : going-away outfit  旅行装备

going concern n.  a thriving business 处于繁荣期的事业，企业，公司

going-over n. (pl. goings-over)  1 colloq.  an inspection or overhaul [口]视查，检修 2 slang  a thrashing [俚语]殴打，狠揍 3 US colloq.  a scolding [美口]训斥，责骂

goings-on n. pl.  behaviour, esp. of a morally suspect nature 勾当，(不良)行为，(坏)品行

goitre /ˈɡɔitə/ n. (US [美] goiter) Med.  a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland 【医】甲状腺肿 □ goitred  adj.  □ goitrous  adj.   [French, back-formation from goitreux or from Provençal goitron, ultimately from Latin guttur ‘throat’]

go-kart n. (also 亦作 go-cart)  a miniature racing car with a skeleton body (车体只有框架的)微型赛车 [alteration of GO-CART]

Golconda /ɡɒlˈkɒndə/ n.  a mine or source of wealth, advantages, etc. 丰富的矿藏，大财源等 [a city near Hyderabad, India, famous for its diamonds]

gold /ɡəʊld/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a yellow malleable ductile high-density metallic element resistant to chemical reaction, occurring naturally in quartz veins and gravel, and precious as a monetary medium, in jewellery, etc. (symbol 符 Au) 金，黄金 2  the colour of gold 金(黄)色 3  a  coins or articles made of gold 金币或黄金制品b  money in large sums, wealth 大批金钱，财富 4  something precious, beautiful, or brilliant 贵重，美丽或光辉夺目的东西  all that glitters is not gold  闪闪发光的不一定都是金子 5  = GOLD MEDAL  6  gold used for coating a surface or as a pigment, gilding 包金(或镀金)材料(如金粉、金箔) 7  the bull's-eye of an archery target (usu. gilt) (射箭运动中通常镀金的)靶心 ●adj.  1  made wholly or chiefly of gold 金的，金制的，主要含金的 2  coloured like gold 金(黄)色的 [Old English from Germanic]

gold amalgam n.  an easily-moulded combination of gold with mercury 金汞膏

gold-beater n.  a person who beats gold out into gold leaf 金箔工

gold-beater's skin n.  a membrane used to separate leaves of gold during beating, or as a covering for slight wounds 肠膜(用以隔开金箔或用以敷盖小伤口)

gold bloc n. Econ.  a bloc of countries having a gold standard 【经】金本位国家集团

gold brick n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a thing with only a surface appearance of value, a sham or fraud 虚有其表的东西；假货；膺品 2 US  a lazy person [美]懒汉 ●v. intr. (作 goldbrick) US  shirk [美]偷懒，不尽职，逃避工作

gold card n.  a charge card issued only to people with a high credit rating and giving benefits not available to holders of the standard card 金卡(收入高，信誉好的人方可持有的并比一般信用卡优惠较多的银行信用卡)

goldcrest /ˈɡəʊl(d)krest/ n.  a very small warbler, Regulus regulus, with a golden crest 戴菊(一种小型鸣禽，长有金色羽冠)

gold-digger n.  1 slang  a woman who wheedles money out of men [俚语]以美色骗取男子钱财的女子 2  a person who digs for gold 淘金者

gold disc n. Brit.  an award given to a recording artist or group for sales of a record etc. exceeding a specified high figure (which varies from country to country) [英]金唱片奖(颁发给唱片发行量突破一定数字的艺术家或小组的奖项)

gold dust n.  1  gold in fine particles as often found naturally 金沙，金末，金粉 2  a plant, Alyssum saxatile, with many small yellow flowers 岩生庭荠；苔景天(一种开满黄色花朵的植物)

golden /ˈɡəʊld(ə)n/ adj.  1  a  made or consisting of gold 金制的，含金的  golden sovereign  金币b  yielding gold 产金的 2  coloured or shining like gold 金色的，金黄色的  golden hair  金黄色的头发 3  precious; valuable; excellent; important 贵重的；有价值的；绝好的；重要的  a golden memory  珍贵的回忆 a golden opportunity  良机 □ goldenly  adv.  □ goldenness  /ˈɡəʊld(ə)nnis/ n.  

golden age n.  1  a supposed past age when people were happy and innocent 黄金时代 2  the period of a nation's greatest prosperity, literary merit, etc. 鼎盛时期，全盛时期

golden ager n. N. Amer.  an old person [北美]老人

golden balls n. pl.  a pawnbroker's sign 当铺招牌

golden boy n. (fem. golden girl) colloq.  a popular or successful person [口]有名气的(或成功的)男子(或女子)

golden calf n.  wealth as an object of worship (Exod. 32) 金牛犊(古代以色列人崇拜的偶像)；金钱崇拜(《旧约·出埃及记》 32)

golden chain n.  the laburnum 金链花

golden delicious n.  a greenish-yellow variety of dessert apple 金冠，黄元帅

golden eagle n.  a large eagle, Aquila chrysaetos, with yellow-tipped head-feathers 金雕(一种大型鹫，头顶有黄色羽毛)

golden-eye n.  any marine duck of the genus Bucephala 鹊鸭属海鸭

Golden Fleece n. (in Greek mythology) a fleece of gold sought and won by Jason (希腊神话中的)金羊毛(伊阿送远征带回的宝物)

golden girl  see 见 GOLDEN BOY 

golden goose n.  a continuing source of wealth or profit 金鹅(财富或利益源源不断的源泉)

golden hamster  see 见 HAMSTER 

golden handshake n. colloq.  a payment given on redundancy or early retirement [口]退职金，遣散费

golden hello n. Brit. colloq.  a payment made by an employer to a keenly-sought recruit [英口]老板付给新聘紧需员工的报酬

Golden Horde n.  the Tartar horde that overran E. Europe in the 13th c. (from the richness of the leader's tent) (13 世纪占领东欧的)金帐汗国

Golden Horn n.  the harbour of Istanbul 金角湾，(土耳其的)伊斯坦布尔港

golden jubilee n.  1  the fiftieth anniversary of a sovereign's accession 君王登基 50 周年纪念(庆典) 2  any other fiftieth anniversary 50 周年纪念(庆典)

golden mean n.  1  the principle of moderation, as opposed to excess 中庸(之道) 2  = GOLDEN SECTION 

golden number n.  the number of a year in the Metonic lunar cycle, used to fix the date of Easter 黄金数(默冬章周数，用以确定复活节的日期)

golden oldie n. colloq. [口]  1  an old hit record or film etc. that is still well known and popular 依然流行的老唱片，老电影 2  a person who is no longer young but is still successful in his or her field 老行家

golden opinions n. pl. Brit.  high regard [英]盛赞，高度评价

golden orfe n.  a yellow variety of orfe, kept in aquaria. 金色圆腹雅罗鱼(常用作水族馆观赏鱼)

golden oriole n.  a European oriole, Oriolus oriolus, of which the male has yellow and black plumage and the female has mainly green plumage 金黄鹂(一种欧洲金莺类鸟，其雄鸟有黄黑色羽毛，雌鸟羽毛以绿色为主)

golden parachute n. colloq.  financial compensation guaranteed to company executives dismissed as a result of a merger or takeover [口]保证付给(因合并或被接管而离职的)公司主管人员的补偿金

golden perch n.  = CALLOP 

golden retriever n.  a retriever with a thick golden-coloured coat 黄毛猎犬(会衔回猎物的浓密黄毛猎犬)

golden rod n.  any plant of the genus Solidago with a rodlike stem and a spike of small bright yellow flowers 黄花(菊科植物，长梗，开明黄色穗状小花)

golden rule n.  a basic principle of action, esp. ‘do as you would be done by’ 为人准则，金箴(尤指“你想人家怎样待你，你也要怎样待人。”语出《圣经·新约》)

golden section n.  the division of a line so that the whole is to the greater part as that part is to the smaller part (i.e. in a ratio of 1 to 1/2 (√ 5+1)) 黄金分割

golden share n.  a share in a company that controls at least 51 per cent of the voting rights (esp. held by a government in a privatized industry in order to prevent undesirable takeovers) 金股(即控股在 51% 以上的股份，尤指为防止出现接收情况等而由政府在私人化企业中所掌握的股份)

Golden State n. US  California [美]黄金州(加利福尼亚州的别称)

golden syrup n. Brit.  a pale treacle [英]金黄糖浆

golden wedding n.  the fiftieth anniversary of a wedding 金婚纪念(结婚 50 周年纪念)

goldfield /ˈɡəʊl(d)fi:ld/ n.  a district in which gold is found as a mineral 金矿区；黄金产地

goldfinch /ˈɡəʊl(d)fin(t)ʃ/ n.  any of various brightly coloured songbirds of the genus Carduelis, esp. the Eurasian C. carduelis, with a yellow band across each wing 金翅属鸟(尤指欧亚红额金翅雀，翅上有黄色嵌条) [Old English goldfinc (as GOLD, FINCH)]

goldfish /ˈɡəʊl(d)fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a small reddish-golden Chinese carp kept for ornament, Carassius auratus (出于装饰目的而饲养的)中国金鱼

goldfish bowl n.  1  a globular glass container for goldfish 球型玻璃金鱼缸 2  a place or situation lacking privacy 缺乏隐私的地方(或处境)

gold foil n.  gold beaten into a thin sheet 金箔

goldilocks /ˈɡəʊldilɒks/ n.  1  a person with golden hair 有黄头发的人 2  a  a kind of buttercup, Ranunculus auricomus 金发毛莨b  a plant of the daisy family, Aster linosyris, like the golden rod 金发菊属植物(状如一枝黄花) [goldy from GOLD + LOCK2]

gold leaf n.  gold beaten into a very thin sheet 金叶

gold medal n.  a gold-coloured medal, usu. awarded as first prize 金牌(金色奖牌，通常奖给第一名获得者)

gold mine n.  1  a place where gold is mined 黄金矿 2 colloq.  a source of wealth [口]宝库；财源

gold of pleasure n.  an annual yellow-flowered plant, Camelina sativa 亚麻荠(开黄色花朵的一年生植物)

gold plate n. & v. ●n.  1  vessels made of gold 金制餐具 2  material plated with gold 镀金材料 ●v. tr. (作 gold-plate)  plate with gold 镀金的

gold record n. US [美]  = GOLD DISC 

gold reserve n.  a reserve of gold coins or bullion held by a central bank etc. 黄金储备

gold rush n.  a rush to a newly discovered goldfield 淘金热

goldsmith /ˈɡəʊl(d)smiθ/ n.  a worker in gold, a manufacturer of gold articles 金匠 [Old English (as GOLD, SMITH)]

gold standard n. Econ.  a system by which the value of a currency is defined in terms of gold, for which the currency may be exchanged 【经】金本位制

Gold Stick n.  1 (in the UK) a gilt rod carried on State occasions by the colonel of the Life Guards or the captain of the gentlemen-at-arms (英国) (正式国家礼仪中由皇家近卫骑兵团上校或国王侍卫手持的)镀金杖 2  the officer carrying this rod 手持镀金杖的军官

gold thread n.  1  a thread of silk etc. with gold wire wound round it 金线 2  a bitter plant, Coptis trifolia 黄莲，黄连属植物

golem /ˈɡəʊləm, ˈɡɔil-/ n.  1  a clay figure supposedly brought to life in Jewish legend (犹太传说中)有生命的陶土假人 2  an automaton; a robot 机器人 [Yiddish goylem from Hebrew gōlem ‘shapeless mass’]

golf /ɡɒlf/ n. & v. ●n.  a game played on a course set in open country, in which a small hard ball is struck with clubs into a series of 18 or 9 holes with the fewest possible strokes 高尔夫球 ●v. intr.  play golf 打高尔夫球 [Middle English: perhaps related to Dutch kolf ‘club’]

golf bag n.  a bag used for carrying clubs and balls (用来装球棍和球的)高尔夫球袋

golf ball n.  1  a ball used in golf 高尔夫球 2  a small ball used in some electric typewriters to carry the type 球型字头(某些电动打字机上有铅字的金属球)

golf cart n.  1  a trolley used for carrying clubs in golf (高尔夫)球具车 2  a motorized cart for golfers and equipment 运载高尔夫球员和装备的机动车

golf club n.  1  a club used in golf 高尔夫球杆 2  an association for playing golf 高尔夫俱乐部 3  the premises used by a golf club 高尔夫球运动场地

golf course n.  the course on which golf is played 高尔夫球场

golfer /ˈɡɒlfə/ n.  1  a golf player 高尔夫球员 2 Brit.  a cardigan [英]开襟羊毛衫

golf links n. pl.  = LINKS 1 

Golgi body /ˈɡɒldʒi, -ɡi/ n. (also 亦作 Golgi apparatus) Biol.  an organelle of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved esp. in the secretion of substances 【生】(以意大利细胞学家高尔基命名的)高尔基体 [named after C. Golgi, Italian cytologist d. 1926]

Goliath beetle /ɡəˈlaiəθ/ n.  any large beetle of the genus Goliathus, esp. G. giganteus native to Africa 花金龟科大甲虫(原产非洲) [Late Latin from Hebrew golyat, the name of a giant slain traditionally by David (1 Sam. 17)]

Goliath frog n.  a giant frog, Rana goliath, of central Africa (产于中非的)巨蛙

golliwog /ˈɡɒliwɒɡ/ n.  a black-faced brightly dressed soft doll with fuzzy hair 服装艳丽并有绒毛头发的黑脸软娃娃 [from Golliwogg, the name of a doll character in books by B. Upton, US writer d. 1912: perhaps suggested by GOLLY1 + POLLIWOG]

gollop /ˈɡɒləp/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (golloped, golloping)  swallow hastily or greedily 狼吞虎咽 ●n.  a hasty gulp 快速的吞咽 [perhaps from GULP, influenced by GOBBLE1]

golly1 /ˈɡɒli/ int.  expressing surprise 天哪(表示惊讶) [euphemism for GOD]

golly2 /ˈɡɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  = GOLLIWOG  [abbreviation]

GOM abbr. Brit.  Grand Old Man (name originally applied to W. E. Gladstone) [缩略] [英]尊敬的老人(最初用于对英国首相格莱斯顿的尊称)

gombeen /ɡɒmˈbi:n/ n. Ir.  usury [爱尔兰]高利贷 [Irish gaimbín, perhaps from the same Celtic source as medieval Latin cambire CHANGE]

gombeen man n. Ir.  a moneylender [爱尔兰]放高利贷者

-gon /ɡ(ə)n, ɡɒn/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting plane figures with a specified number of angles (hexagon 六边形 ; polygon 多边形 ; n-gonn N 边形) [构词成分]表示“…角形” [Greek -gōnos ‘-angled’]

gonad /ˈɡəʊnæd/ n.  an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testis or ovary 动物的性腺，生殖腺(如睾丸或卵巢) □ gonadal  /ɡə(ʊ)ˈneid(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin gonas gonad- from Greek gonē, gonos ‘generation, seed’]

gonadotrophic hormone /ˌɡəʊnædə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ n. (also 亦作 gonadotropic /-ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/) Biochem.  any of various hormones stimulating the activity of the gonads 【生化】促性腺激素

gonadotrophin /ˌɡəʊnædə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfin/ n.  = GONADOTROPHIC HORMONE 

gondola /ˈɡɒndələ/ n.  1  a light flat-bottomed boat used on Venetian canals, with a central cabin and a high point at each end, worked by one oar at the stern 凤尾船(意大利威尼斯的平底狭长小船，两头翘起，靠船尾单浆划行) 2  a car suspended from an airship or balloon (飞船或球的)吊仓，吊篮 3  a free-standing block of shelves used to display goods in a supermarket (设在超级市场中央的)商品陈列台 4 (also 亦作 gondola car) US  a flat-bottomed open railway goods wagon [美] (铁路的)敞篷货车 5  a car attached to a ski lift 滑雪缆车 [Venetian Italian, from Rhaeto-Romance gondolɑˋ ‘rock, roll’]

gondolier /ɡɒndəˈliə/ n.  the oarsman on a gondola (意大利威尼斯的)平底船船夫 [French from Italian gondoliere (as GONDOLA)]

gone /ɡɒn/ past part. of GO; adj.  1 Brit. (of time) past [英] (指时间)已过  not until gone nine  直到 9 点以后 2  a  lost; hopeless 遗失了的；没有希望的b  dead 死了的 3 colloq.  pregnant for a specified time [口]已怀孕一段时间的  already three months gone  她已有 3 个月的身孕 4 slang  completely enthralled or entranced, esp. by rhythmic music, drugs, etc. [俚语] (尤指因动感强的音乐、毒品等使人)非常着迷的，入迷的 □ be gone   depart (cf. 参见 BEGONE) 走开，离开□ gone away!   a huntsman's cry, indicating that a fox has been started (猎人发现狐狸被惊动后发出的)作为信号的喊声□ gone on  slang  infatuated with [俚语]迷恋(某人)

gone goose n. (also 亦作 gone gosling) colloq.  a person or thing beyond hope [口]毫无希望的事；无可挽救的人

goner /ˈɡɒnə/ n. slang  a person or thing that is doomed, ended, irrevocably lost, etc.; a dead person [俚语]劫数难逃的人，毫无希望的人，难以拯救的人(或事)；死人

gonfalon /ˈɡɒnf(ə)lən/ n.  1  a banner, often with streamers, hung from a crossbar 横幅(通常带有饰带) 2 hist.  such a banner as the standard of some Italian republics [史义] (中世纪意大利各共和国用的)旗帜 □ gonfalonier  /ˌɡɒnfələˈniə/ n.   [Italian gonfalone, from Germanic (cf. VANE)]

gong /ɡɒŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a metal disc with a turned rim, giving a resonant note when struck. 锣 2  a saucer-shaped bell 皿形铃锣 3 Brit. slang  a medal; a decoration [英] [俚语]奖章，勋章；纪念章 ●v. tr.  summon with a gong 打锣，鸣锣 [Malay gong, gung, of imitative origin]

gongoozler /ɡɒŋˈɡu:zlə/ n. dial. or slang  a person who stares curiously at something, an idle spectator [方] [俚语]好奇的观望者，穷极无聊的旁观者 [English dialect]

goniometer /ɡəʊniˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring angles 测角计，角度计 □ goniometry  n.  □ goniometric  /-əˈmetrik/ adj.  □ goniometrical  /-əˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.   [French goniomètre from Greek gōnia ‘angle’]

gonna /ˈɡɒnə/ contr. colloq.  going to [缩合] [口]将要  we're gonna win  我们要赢了 it's gonna be tough  事情将会很艰难 [corruption]■Usage 用法说明 Gonna is non-standard and should generally be avoided in both speech and writing. 词语 gonna 属不规范表达法，应尽量避免在讲话与写作中使用。 

gonococcus /ɡɒnəˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. gonococci /-k(s)ai, -k(s)i:/)  a bacterium causing gonorrhoea 淋球菌 □ gonococcal  adj.   [Greek gonos ‘generation, semen’ + COCCUS]

gonorrhoea /ɡɒnəˈriə/ n. (US [美] gonorrhea)  a venereal disease with inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina 淋病 □ gonorrhoeal  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek gonorrhoia, from gonos ‘semen’ + rhoia ‘flux’]

gonzo /ˈɡɒnzəʊ/ adj. esp. US [尤美]  1  of or associated with journalistic writing of an exaggerated, subjective, and fictionalized style 与夸张的、主观的、臆想风格的新闻报导有关的 2 colloq.  bizarre; crazy [口]古怪的；疯狂的，荒唐的 [perhaps from Italian gonzo ‘foolish’ or Spanish ganso ‘goose, fool’]

goo /ɡu:/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a sticky or slimy substance 黏性的，泥浆似的东西 2  sickly sentiment 伤感的，令人厌恶的自作多情 [20th c.: perhaps from burgoo (nautical slang) = porridge]

good /ɡʊd/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (better, best)  1  having the right or desired qualities; satisfactory, adequate 好的；优质的；合乎标准的；令人满意的 2  a (of a person) efficient, competent (指人)有能力的，能干的  good at French  法语不错 a good driver  一个优秀的司机b (of a thing) reliable, efficient (指物)可靠的，有效率的  good brakes  灵敏的刹车c (of health etc.) strong (指健康状况等)健康的，强壮的  good eyesight  良好的视力 3  a  kind, benevolent 亲切的，和蔼的，友好的，仁慈的；心肠好的  good of you to come  你能来真好b  morally excellent; virtuous 道德高尚的；品行优良的  a good deed  一件好事c  charitable 慈善的  good works  慈善行为d  well-behaved 表现好的，听话的  a good child  一个乖孩子 4  enjoyable, agreeable 令人愉快的，宜人的  a good party  快乐宜人的晚会 good news  好消息 5  thorough, considerable 彻底的；相当的  gave it a good wash  把它彻底清洗一下 6  a  not less than 不少于  waited a good hour  足足等了一个小时b  considerable in number, quality, etc. (数量、质量等)很大的，很多的  a good many people  很多人 7 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  healthy, beneficial 有益处的，有用的，有好处的  good for you  对你有好处 8  a  valid, sound 正当的，有根据的  a good reason  正当的理由b  financially sound 财务状况良好的  his credit is good  他的信誉很好c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) US (of a ticket) valid [美] (指票等)有效的 9  in exclamations of surprise 用于感叹句  good heavens!  天哪！ 10  right, proper, expedient 正确的；合适的；可取的，有助益的  thought it good to have a try  认为值得一试 11  fresh, eatable, untainted 新鲜的；可食用的；未腐败的  is the meat still good?  这肉还新鲜吗？ 12 (sometimes patronizing) commendable, worthy (有时含屈尊俯就色彩)值得称赞的；值得尊敬的  good old George  忠厚的乔治 your good lady wife  你那善良的好太太 good men and true  诚实君子 my good man  我的好人 13  well-shaped, attractive 外形美观的，诱人的，有吸引力的  has good legs  腿形很美 good looks  长相漂亮 14  in courteous greetings and farewells 用于礼貌用语及告别语  good morning  早安 good afternoon  下午好 ●n.  1 (only in sing. 只用单数)  that which is good; what is beneficial or morally right 好的东西；有益处或有道德的事  only good can come of it  这么做只有好处 did it for your own good  这么做也是为了你自己好 what good will it do?  这有什么好处？ 2 (only in sing. 只用单数)  a desirable end or object; a thing worth attaining 好目的，好目标；值得获取之物  sacrificing the present for a future good  为了将来的利益而牺牲现在 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a Law  movable property or merchandise 【法律】动产b Brit.  things to be transported, as distinct from passengers [英] (运载的)货物c (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  what one has undertaken to supply (esp. 尤指 deliver the goods 递送商品，交货) [口]商品，货物d (prec. by 前接 the) slang  the real thing; the genuine article [俚语]实物；真品 4 (treated as pl. 看作复数， prec. by 前接 the)  virtuous people 好人，有道德的人，品行好的人 ●adv. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  well 好  doing pretty good  干得不错 □ as good as   practically 几乎；实际上  he as good as told me  其实他等于告诉了我□ as good as gold   extremely well-behaved (指孩子)很乖的，十分规矩的□ be so good as (or be good enough) to  (often in a request) be kind and do (a favour) (常用于请求)请，劳驾  be so good as to open the window  请把窗户打开□ be (a certain amount) to the good   have as net profit or advantage (究竟)有…好处□ do good   show kindness, act philanthropically 对某人好，施善行□ do a person good   be beneficial to 对某人有好处或益处□ for good (and all)   finally, permanently 永久地，一劳永逸地□ good and  colloq.  used as an intensifier before an adj. or adv [口] (用于形容词或副词前以加强语气)非常，全然，充分  raining good and hard  雨下得真大 was good and angry  气疯了□ good for   1  beneficial to; having a good effect on 有益处的；有好结果的 2  able to perform; inclined for 能做到的；有…倾向的  good for a ten-mile walk  能够走 10 英里的路 3  able to be trusted to pay 还贷能力好的  is good for £ 100  凭信用可借贷 100 英镑□ good for you! (or him!, her!, etc.)   an exclamation of approval towards a person 干得漂亮！真行！ (对某人表示赞许或认可的感叹语)□ good God! (or good Lord!)   an exclamation of surprise, anger, etc. 上帝呀！天呀！ (表示惊讶、气愤等的感叹语)□ good oil  Austral. slang  reliable information [澳] [俚语]可靠的情报，消息□ good on you! (or him! etc.)  esp. Austral. & NZ [尤澳新]  = good for you! □ have a good mind   see 见 MIND □ have the goods on a person  slang  have information about a person which may be used to his or her detriment [俚语]获得可能对某人不利的情报(或消息)□ have a good time   enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴□ in a person's good books   see 见 BOOK □ in good faith   with honest or sincere intentions 诚实，真诚，善意□ in (or on) good form   see 见 GOOD FORM □ in good time   1  with no risk of being late 及时 2 (also 亦作 all in good time)  in due course but without haste 刚好□ make good   1  make up for, compensate for, pay (an expense) 补偿，弥补，支付(一笔开销) 2  fulfil (a promise); effect (a purpose or an intended action) 履行(诺言)；实现(目标或意图) 3  demonstrate the truth of (a statement); substantiate (a charge) 证明或论证(某一说法的)真实性；证实(控告) 4  gain and hold (a position) 维持，保持(地位) 5  replace or restore (a thing lost or damaged) 更换、取代或恢复(某一丢失或被损坏的物品) 6 (absol. [含宾])  accomplish what one intended 实现某人的意图□ take in good part   not be offended by 不为恼怒□ to the good   having as profit or benefit 有好处□ goodish  adj.   [Old English gōd, from Germanic]

good Book n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the Bible 圣经

good breeding n.  correct or courteous manners 彬彬有礼，风度优雅

goodbye /ɡʊdˈbai/ int. & n. (US also [美亦] goodby) ●int.  expressing good wishes on parting, ending a telephone conversation, etc., or said with reference to a thing discarded or irrevocably lost 再见(用于告别、电话结束语等；或用于准备抛弃之物或无法挽回的损失) ●n. (pl. goodbyes or US also [美亦] goodbys)  the saying of ‘goodbye’; a parting; a farewell 道别；离别；告别 [contraction of God be with you!, with good substituted on the pattern of good morning etc.]

good company n.  1  a pleasant companion 愉快友好的同伴 2  a suitable associate or group of friends 合适相宜的关系或一群朋友

good faith n.  honesty or sincerity of intention 诚实；真挚；善意

good form n.  what complies with current social conventions (符合当时社会习俗的)良好礼节 □ in good form   in a state of good health or training 处于良好身体或训练状况□ on good form   playing or performing well; in good spirits 表现或表演出色；处于良好精神状况

good-for-nothing adj. & n. ●adj.  worthless 毫无价值 ●n.  a worthless person 毫无用处的人

Good Friday n.  the Friday before Easter Sunday, commemorating the Crucifixion of Christ 耶酥受难日(复活节前的星期五，纪念耶酥被钉死在十字架上的日子)

good-hearted n.  kindly, well-meaning 好心肠的，仁慈的

good humour n.  a genial mood 愉快的心情

good-humoured adj.  genial, cheerful, amiable 心情好的，愉快的；脾气好的 □ good-humouredly  adv.  

goodie var.  of GOODY1 n. GOODY1 名词的变体

good job n. Brit.  a fortunate state of affairs [英]很好，很棒  it's a good job you came early  你能早到太好了

Good King Henry n.  a weed of the goosefoot family, Chenopodium bonus-henricus, of northern regions 亨利藜，一种生长在北方的藜属野草 [16th c.: origin unknown]

good-looker n.  a handsome or attractive person 好看的或有吸引力的人

good-looking adj.  handsome; attractive 美貌的；吸引人的

good luck n. & int. ●n.  1  good fortune 好运气 2  an omen of this 好兆头 ●int.  an exclamation of well-wishing 表示良好祝愿的感叹语

goodly /ˈɡʊdli/ adj. (goodlier, goodliest)  1 archaic  comely, handsome [古义]好看的，英俊的 2  considerable in size or quantity 大型的；大量的 □ goodliness  n.   [Old English gōdlic (as GOOD, -LY1)]

goodman /ˈɡʊdmən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Sc. archaic  the head of a household [尤苏格兰古义]家长，户主；丈夫

good money n.  1  genuine money; money that might usefully have been spent elsewhere 非伪造的钱币；硬通货，优良货币 2 colloq.  high wages [口]高工资，高收入

good nature n.  a friendly disposition 温顺的性情；和蔼

good-natured /ɡʊdˈneitʃəd/ adj.  kind, patient; easygoing 亲切和蔼的，耐心的；好相处的 □ good-naturedly  adv.  

goodness /ˈɡʊdnis/ n. & int. ●n.  1  virtue; excellence, esp. moral 美德；杰出，优秀(尤指道德伦理的) 2  kindness, generosity 好意，和蔼，慷慨  had the goodness to wait  好心地等待 3  what is good or beneficial in a thing 真髓；精华  vegetables with all the goodness boiled out  被煮掉全部养分的蔬菜 ●int. (as a substitution for ‘God’ ‘God’ 的替换词)  expressing surprise, anger, etc. 表示惊讶、气愤等  goodness me!  天哪！哎呀！ goodness knows  天晓得！实实在在说 for goodness' sake!  看在老天份上！ [Old English gōdnes (as GOOD, -NESS)]

goodnight /ɡʊdˈnait/ int. & n. ●int.  expressing good wishes on parting at night or bedtime 晚安(晚间告别时或临睡前用) ●n.  an instance of saying ‘goodnight’ 道“晚安”

goodo /ˈɡʊdəʊ/ adj. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = GOODadj. 10 

good-oh /ˈɡʊdəʊ, ɡʊdˈəʊ/ int.  good! excellent! 好！真棒！ 

goods and chattels n. pl.  all kinds of personal property 私人财产，全部动产

Good Shepherd n. (prec. by 前接 the)  Christ 基督

good-tempered adj.  having a good temper; not easily annoyed 脾气好的；不爱生气的 □ good-temperedly  adv.  

good-time attrib. adj.  recklessly pursuing pleasure 寻欢作乐的 □ good-timer  n.  

good times n. pl.  a period of prosperity 鼎盛时期，繁荣年代

goodwife /ˈɡʊdwaif/ n. (pl. -wives) Sc. archaic  the female head of a household [苏格兰古义]夫人，主妇，太太

goodwill /ɡʊdˈwil/ n.  1  kindly feeling 好意，友好，亲善 2  the established reputation of a business etc. as enhancing its value (企业的)信誉，商誉 3  cheerful consent or acquiescence; readiness, zeal 欣然的同意(或默许)；欣然应允；热情 4 (作 good will)  the intention and hope that good will result 期盼好事发生的意向和希望；祝愿，祝福

good word n. (often in phr. 常用于短语 put in a good word for 说好话)  words in recommendation or defence of a person 好话(对某人的赞许、举荐或辩护之辞)

good works n. pl.  charitable acts 善行，善举

goody1 /ˈɡʊdi/ n. & int. ●n. (also 亦作 goodie) (pl. -ies)  1 Brit. colloq.  a good or favoured person, esp. a hero in a story, film, etc. [英口]好人，受爱戴的人(尤指故事、电影等的英雄好汉) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  something good or attractive, esp. to eat 好东西，诱人的东西(尤指好吃的东西) 3  = GOODY-GOODYn.  ●int.  expressing childish delight 好啊！ (孩子气地表示高兴)

goody2 /ˈɡʊdi/ n. (pl. goodies) archaic (often as a title prefixed to a surname 常加在姓氏前)  an elderly woman of humble station [古义]下层社会的老妇人  Goody Blake  布莱克老太太 [for GOODWIFE: cf. HUSSY]

goody-goody n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a smug or obtrusively virtuous person 假正经的人，伪善的人 ●adj.  obtrusively or smugly virtuous 假正经，伪善

gooey /ˈɡu:i/ adj. (gooier, gooiest) colloq. [口]  1  viscous, sticky 稠的，黏的 2  sickly, sentimental 病态的，多愁善感的 □ gooeyness  n. (also 亦作 gooiness)   [GOO + -Y2]

goof /ɡu:f/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  a foolish or stupid person 傻瓜，笨蛋 2  a mistake 错误 ●v.  1 tr.  bungle, mess up 搞糟，弄乱，弄坏 2 intr.  blunder, make a mistake 犯错误，出错 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  idle 无所事事；打发时间 4 tr. (as 作 goofed adj.)  stupefied with drugs 因吸毒而神志不清 [variant of dialect goff, from French goffe via Italian goffo from medieval Latin gufus ‘coarse’]

go-off n. colloq.  a start [口]开始，起点  at the first go-off  处在起始点

goofy /ˈɡu:fi/ adj. (goofier, goofiest) slang [俚语]  1  stupid, silly, daft 愚蠢的，傻的，笨的 2  having or displaying protruding or crooked front teeth 门牙向外龇的 □ goofily  adv.  □ goofiness  n.  

goog /ɡʊɡ/ n. Austral. slang  an egg [澳] [俚语]鸡蛋 □ full as a goog   very drunk 大醉酩酊的，烂醉的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

googly /ˈɡu:ɡli/ n. (pl. -ies) Cricket  an off-break ball bowled with apparent leg-break action 【板球】变向曲线球 [20th c.: origin unknown]

googol /ˈɡu:ɡɒl/ n.  ten raised to the hundredth (10100) power 10100 ；巨大的数字；古格尔 [arbitrary formation]■Usage 用法说明 Googol is a fanciful word, not found in technical use. Googol 一词属装饰性语汇，不作专业术语使用。 

googolplex /ˈɡu:ɡ(ə)lpleks/ n.  ten raised to the power of a googol. 10 的古格尔次方 [GOOGOL + -plex as in MULTIPLEX]■Usage 用法说明 Googolplex is a fanciful word, not found in technical use. Googolplex 一词属装饰性语汇，不作专业术语使用。 

gook /ɡu:k, ɡʊk/ n. US slang offens.  a foreigner, esp. a person of E. Asian descent [美] [俚语] [冒犯] (尤指东亚血统的)外国人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

goolie /ˈɡu:li/ n. (also 亦作 gooly) (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. slang  a testicle [英] [俚语]睾丸 2 Austral. slang  a stone or pebble [澳] [俚语]石块；卵石 [apparently of Indian origin; cf. Hindustani golí ‘bullet, ball, pill’]

goombah /ɡu:mˈbɑ:/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a member of a criminal gang; a Mafioso 犯罪组织成员；黑手党党徒 2  a boss or mentor; a crony 老板或顾问；密友 [Italian compɑˋre ‘godfather, friend, accomplice’]

goon /ɡu:n/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a stupid or playful person 傻子，蠢人；爱玩的人 2 esp. N. Amer.  a person hired by racketeers etc. to terrorize political or industrial opponents [尤北美] (受雇于歹徒等以恐吓政治界或工业界对手的)暴徒 [perhaps from dialect gooney ‘booby’: influenced by the subhuman cartoon character ‘Alice the Goon’, created by US cartoonist E. C. Segar (d. 1938)]

goop1 /ɡu:p/ n. Brit. slang  a stupid or fatuous person [英] [俚语]傻子；笨蛋；蠢人 □ goopy  adj. (goopier, goopiest)  □ goopiness  n.   [20th c.: cf. GOOF]

goop2 /ɡu:p/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = GLOOP  [imitative: cf. GOO, GLOOP]

goosander /ɡu:ˈsændə/ n.  a large diving duck, Mergus merganser, with a narrow serrated bill 普通秋沙鸭(一种大型潜水鸭，秋沙鸭属，其嘴窄且呈锯齿型) [probably from GOOSE + -ander as in bergander ‘sheldrake’]

goose /ɡu:s/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. geese /ɡi:s/)  1  a  any of various large waterbirds of the family Anatidae, with short legs, webbed feet, and a broad bill 鹅b  the female of this (opp. 反义 GANDER n. 1) 雌鹅c  the flesh of a goose as food 鹅肉 2 colloq.  a simpleton [口]呆头鹅，傻瓜 3 (pl. gooses)  a tailor's smoothing iron, having a handle like a goose's neck (裁缝用的)鹅颈式熨斗，长柄熨斗 ●v. tr. slang  poke (a person) in the bottom [俚语] (用手或手指)刺戳(人的)臀部，肛门或生殖器官等 [Old English gōs, from Germanic]

gooseberry /ˈɡʊzb(ə)ri, ˈɡu:s-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a round edible yellowish-green berry with a thin usu. translucent skin enclosing seeds in a juicy flesh 醋栗，鹅莓(一种黄绿色圆状可食浆果，外皮薄且半透明，果肉多汁，有籽) 2  the thorny shrub, Ribes grossularia, bearing this fruit 醋栗树(结此种浆果的多刺灌木) 3 Brit. colloq.  an unwanted extra (usu. third) person (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 play gooseberry 当电灯泡) [英口]电灯泡 [perhaps from GOOSE + BERRY]

goose bumps n. pl. N. Amer. [北美]  = GOOSE-FLESH 

goose egg n. N. Amer.  a zero score in a game [北美] (比赛所得的)零分

goose-flesh n. (also 亦作 goose pimples n. pl. or goose-skin)  a pimply state of the skin with the hairs erect, produced by cold, fright, etc. (寒冷、恐惧等引起的)鸡皮疙瘩

goosefoot /ˈɡu:sfʊt/ n. (pl. -foots)  any plant of the genus Chenopodium, having leaves shaped like the foot of a goose 藜属植物；藜科植物(其叶形似鹅掌)

goosegog /ˈɡʊzɡɒɡ, ˈɡu:sɡɒɡ/ n. Brit. colloq.  a gooseberry [英口]醋栗，鹅莓 [jocular corruption]

goosegrass /ˈɡu:sɡrɑ:s/ n.  = CLEAVERS 

goose pimples  see 见 GOOSE-FLESH 

goose-skin  see 见 GOOSE-FLESH 

goose-step n. & v. ●n.  a military marching step in which the knees are kept stiff 正步，鹅步 ●v. intr.  march in this way 走正步

GOP abbr. US  Grand Old Party (the Republican Party) [缩略] [美]美国共和党的别称

gopak /ˈɡəʊpæk/ n.  an energetic Ukrainian dance 戈帕克舞(一种乌克兰民间舞蹈) [Russian, from Ukrainian hopak]

gopher1 /ˈɡəʊfə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 pocket gopher)  any burrowing rodent of the family Geomyidae, native to N. America, having food-pouches on the cheeks (北美产的)囊地鼠，金花鼠，黄鼠(啮齿目动物，面颊部长有颊囊) 2 N. Amer.  a ground squirrel [北美]地鼠 3 (in full 全称 gopher tortoise)  a tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, native to the southern US, that excavates tunnels as shelter from the sun 穴居沙龟(沙龟属，产于美国南部，穴居) [18th c.: origin uncertain]

gopher2 /ˈɡəʊfə/ n.  1 Bibl.  a tree from the wood of which Noah's ark was made 【圣经】歌斐树(制造诺亚方舟用的树木) 2 (in full 全称 gopher wood)  a tree, Cladrastis lutea, yielding yellowish timber 北美香槐，其木质为黄色 [Hebrew gōper]

gopher snake n.  = INDIGO SNAKE 

goral /ˈɡɔ:r(ə)l/ n.  a goat-antelope, Nemorhaedus goral, native to mountainous regions of northern India, having short horns curving to the rear (印度北部产的)喜马拉雅斑羚，赤斑羚(其角向后卷曲) [native name]

gorblimey /ɡɔ:ˈblaimi/ int. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●int.  an expression of surprise, indignation, etc. (表示惊讶、愤怒等)哎呀！糟了！竟有这等事！岂有此理！  ●n. (pl. -eys)  a soft service cap 一种软顶侍应生帽 [corruption of God blind me]

gorcock /ˈɡɔ:kɒk/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  the male of the red grouse [苏格兰和英格兰北部]苏格兰雄雷鸟 [gor- (of unknown origin) + COCK1]

Gordian knot /ˈɡɔ:diən/ n.  1  an intricate knot 复杂难解的结 2  a difficult problem or task 难办的事，棘手的问题 □ cut the Gordian knot   solve a problem by force or by evasion 快刀斩乱麻；用大刀阔斧的办法解决问题 [named after Gordius, king of Phrygia, who tied an intricate knot that remained tied until cut by Alexander the Great]

Gordon /ˈgɔ:dn/   戈登 [人名]

Gordon setter /ˈɡɔ:d(ə)n/ n.  1  a setter of a black and tan breed, used as a gun dog 戈登长毛猎犬(一种黑毛棕斑大猎犬) 2  this breed 此种犬类 [named after the 4th Duke of Gordon, d. 1827, promoter of the breed]

gore1 /ɡɔ:/ n.  blood shed, esp. when clotted 淤血，血块 [Old English gor ‘dung, dirt’]

gore2 /ɡɔ:/ v. tr.  pierce with a horn, tusk, etc. (用角或獠牙等)刺或戳伤 [Middle English: origin unknown]

gore3 /ɡɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wedge-shaped piece in a garment (服装上的)楔形或三角形布块 2  a triangular or tapering piece in an umbrella etc. (雨伞等的)三角形或末端渐窄的楔形材料 ●v. tr.  shape with a gore 使…成三角形或楔形 [Old English gɑˉra ‘triangular piece of land’, related to Old English gɑˉr ‘spear’, a spearhead being triangular]

gorge /ɡɔ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narrow opening between hills or a rocky ravine, often with a stream running through it 峡，峡谷 2  an act of gorging; a feast 暴食；大吃 3  the contents of the stomach; what has been swallowed 胃里的东西；吞咽物 4  the neck of a bastion or other outwork; the rear entrance to a work 碉堡外围工事的狭窄入口；碉堡后部的出入口；(建筑物等)物体背后的入口 5 US  a mass of ice etc. blocking a narrow passage [美] (冰块等阻塞通道的)障碍物 ●v.  1 intr.  feed greedily 贪婪地吃 2 tr.  a (often 常作 refl.)  satiate, glut 塞饱，吃得过饱，大吃b  swallow, devour greedily 吞吃，贪婪地吃 □ cast the gorge at  Brit.  reject with loathing [英]对…感到厌恶，憎恶□ one's gorge rises at   one is sickened by 见了发呕，极端厌恶□ gorger  n.   [Middle English from Old French gorge ‘throat’, ultimately from Latin gurges ‘whirlpool’]

gorgeous /ˈɡɔ:dʒəs/ adj.  1  richly coloured, sumptuous, magnificent 绚丽的，华丽的，华贵的，宏伟壮丽的 2 colloq.  very pleasant, splendid [口]十分令人愉快的，合意的；辉煌的  gorgeous weather  宜人的天气 3 colloq.  strikingly beautiful [口]非常漂亮的 □ gorgeously  adv.  □ gorgeousness  n.   [earlier gorgayse, -yas from Old French gorgias ‘fine, elegant’, of unknown origin]

gorget /ˈɡɔ:dʒit/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a piece of armour for the throat 护喉甲胄b  a woman's wimple (女子穿戴的)护颈头巾，(中世纪女子戴的)温帕尔头巾 2  a patch of colour on the throat of a bird, insect, etc. (鸟、昆虫等的)颈部杂色 [Old French gorgete (as GORGE)]

Gorgio /ˈɡɔ:dʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the gypsy name for a non-gypsy 非吉普赛人(吉普赛人用语) [Romany]

gorgon /ˈɡɔ:ɡ(ə)n/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) each of three snake-haired sisters (esp. Medusa) with the power to turn anyone who looked at them to stone (希腊神话中的)三个蛇发女怪之一(尤指美杜莎)，见到者皆化为石头 2  a frightening or repulsive person, esp. a woman 可怕(或可憎)的人(尤指女人) □ gorgonian  /ɡɔ:ˈɡəʊniən/ adj.   [Latin Gorgo -onis from Greek Gorgō, from gorgos ‘terrible’]

gorgonian /ɡɔ:ˈɡəʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a usu. brightly coloured horny coral of the order Gorgonacea, having a treelike skeleton bearing polyps, e.g. a sea fan 柳珊瑚(通常色彩艳丽并有寄生海葵等水螅体的树状枝杈，如海扇) ●adj.  of or relating to the Gorgonacea 柳珊瑚类的 [modern Latin (as GORGON), with reference to its petrifaction]

gorgonize /ˈɡɔ:ɡ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  stare at like a gorgon (像蛇发女怪似地)瞪视 2  paralyse with terror etc. (因惊恐等而)吓呆，呆若木鸡

Gorgonzola /ɡɔ:ɡ(ə)nˈzəʊlə/ n.  a type of rich cheese with bluish-green veins (意大利米兰)葛更佐拉(村)白干酪(带有蓝绿色斑纹)；羊乳制的上等干酪 [Gorgonzola, a village in Italy, where it was originally made]

gorilla /ɡəˈrilə/ n.  1  the largest anthropoid ape, Gorilla gorilla, native to central Africa, having a large head, short neck, and prominent mouth 大猩猩(原产中非，头大，颈短，嘴凸) 2 colloq.  a heavily built man of aggressive demeanour [口]力大而狂暴的人 [adopted as the specific name in 1847 from Gorillai, the Greek name of an African tribe noted for hairiness]

gormandize /ˈɡɔ:m(ə)ndaiz/ v. & n. (also 亦作 -ise) ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  eat or devour voraciously 狼吞虎咽，大吃大喝 2 intr.  indulge in good eating 讲究饮食 ●n.  = GOURMANDISE  □ gormandizer  n.   [as GOURMANDISE]

gormless /ˈɡɔ:mlis/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  foolish, lacking sense [尤英口]智力迟钝的，愚蠢的 □ gormlessly  adv.  □ gormlessness  n.   [originally gaumless, from dialect gaum ‘understanding’]

gorse /ɡɔ:s/ n.  any spiny yellow-flowered shrub of the genus Ulex, esp. growing on European wastelands. Also called 亦称作 furze 荆豆(尤指生长在欧洲荒野地的开黄花的多刺灌木丛) □ gorsy  adj.   [Old English gors(t), related to Old High German gersta, Latin hordeum, ‘barley’]

Gorsedd /ˈɡɔ:seð/ n.  a council of Welsh etc. bards and Druids (esp. as meeting daily before the eisteddfod) (英国威尔士等)吟唱诗人和音乐家联谊会的理事会(尤指在威尔士举行的诗人与音乐家比赛年会前的每日预备会) [Welsh, literally ‘throne’]

gory /ˈɡɔ:ri/ adj. (gorier, goriest)  1  involving bloodshed; bloodthirsty (有关)流血的；嗜血的  a gory film  令人毛骨悚然的电影 2  covered in gore 沾满血污的 □ gory details  joc.  explicit details [诙]令人反感的细节□ gorily  adv.  □ goriness  n.  

gosh /ɡɒʃ/ int.  expressing surprise (表示惊讶)天哪！啊呀！  [euphemism for GOD]

goshawk /ˈɡɒshɔ:k/ n.  a large short-winged hawk, Accipiter gentilis 苍鹰 [Old English gōs-hafoc (as GOOSE, HAWK1)]

gosling /ˈɡɒzliŋ/ n.  a young goose 小鹅，幼鹅 [Middle English, originally gesling, from Old Norse gœˊslingr]

go-slow n. Brit.  a form of industrial action in which employees deliberately work slowly [英] (雇员)消极怠工

gospel /ˈɡɒsp(ə)l/ n.  1  the teaching or revelation of Christ 教义，教训 2 (作 Gospel)  a  the record of Christ's life and teaching in the first four books of the New Testament 福音书(指《圣经·新约》中的前 4 本书)b  each of these books 四福音书之一c  a portion from one of these read at a church service (布道时读的)福音书中的一节 3 (also 亦作 gospel truth)  a thing regarded as absolutely true 真理；主义  take my word as gospel  把我的话当作绝对真理 4  a principle one acts on or advocates 行动准则；信条 5 (in full 全称 gospel music)  black American evangelical religious singing 福音歌曲(黑人宗教音乐) [Old English gōdspel (as GOOD, spel ‘news, SPELL1’), rendering ecclesiastical Latin bona annuntiatio, bonus nuntius = evangelium EVANGEL: later associated with God]

gospeller /ˈɡɒsp(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] gospeler)  the reader of the Gospel in a Communion service (圣餐仪式中)诵读福音书者

Gospel side n.  the north side of the altar, at which the Gospel is read 福音侧；北侧(在此侧诵读福音书)

gossamer /ˈɡɒsəmə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a filmy substance of small spiders' webs 蛛丝，游丝 2  delicate filmy material 轻而薄的材料 3  a thread of gossamer 蛛丝状的东西 ●adj.  light and flimsy as gossamer 轻薄的；如丝的 □ gossamered  adj.  □ gossamery  adj.   [Middle English gos(e)somer(e), apparently from GOOSE + SUMMER1 (goose summer = St Martin's summer, i.e. early November when geese were eaten, gossamer being common then)]

gossip /ˈɡɒsip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  easy or unconstrained talk or writing esp. about persons or social incidents (尤指对人、社会事件)闲聊；漫笔b  idle talk; groundless rumour 闲言碎语，流言蜚语 2  an informal chat, esp. about persons or social incidents (尤指对人、社会事件)小道消息 3  a person who indulges in gossip 喜爱流言蜚语的人；热衷说长道短的人 ●v. intr. (gossiped, gossiping)  talk or write gossip 闲聊；漫谈式地写作 □ gossiper  n.  □ gossipy  adj.   [earlier sense ‘godparent’: from Old English godsibb ‘person related to one in God’: see SIB]

gossip column n.  a section of a newspaper devoted to gossip about well-known people (报道知名人士的)漫谈栏，八卦新闻 □ gossip columnist  n.  

gossipmonger /ˈɡɒsipmʌŋɡə/ n.  a perpetrator of gossip 传小道消息的人

gossoon /ɡɒˈsu:n/ n. Ir.  a lad [爱尔兰]小伙子 [earlier garsoon from French garçon ‘boy’]

got past and past part.  of GET 

Goth /ɡɒθ/ n.  1  a member of a Germanic tribe that invaded the Roman Empire in the 3rd － 5th c. (3 至 5 世纪侵入罗马帝国的日耳曼部落的)哥特人 2  an uncivilized or ignorant person 不文明的人；无知的人 3 (作 goth)  a  a style of rock music derived from punk, often with apocalyptic or mystical lyrics 哥特式摇滚乐(由朋克摇滚乐演变而成，常带有神秘风格，预示世界末日的恐怖景象)b  a member of a subculture favouring black clothing, white and black make-up, metal jewellery, and goth music 哥特式摇滚乐乐手(或歌迷) (喜爱黑衣、黑白化妆、金属饰物) [Late Latin Gothi (pl.) from Greek Go(t)thoi, from Gothic]

Gothic /ˈɡɒθik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the Goths or their language 哥特族的；哥特语的 2  in the style of architecture prevalent in W. Europe in the 12th － 16th c., characterized by pointed arches (12 至 16 世纪西欧盛行的)哥特式的；尖拱式的 3 (of a novel etc.) in a style popular in the 18th-19th c., with supernatural or horrifying events (小说等)哥特派的(盛行于 18 至 19 世纪，以神奇、恐怖为特征) 4  barbarous, uncouth 野蛮的；粗野的 5 Printing (of type) old-fashioned German, black letter, or sans serif 【印刷】(字体)德文老式字体的；黑体的；无衬线字体的 ●n.  1  the Gothic language 哥特语 2  Gothic architecture 哥特式(尖拱式)建筑 3 Printing  Gothic type 【印刷】德文老式字体；黑体；无衬线字体 □ Gothically  adv.  □ Gothicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ Gothicize  /-saiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French gothique or Late Latin gothicus from Gothi: see GOTH]

go-to-meeting attrib. adj. (of a hat, clothes, etc.) suitable for going to church in (帽子、衣服等)适合做礼拜穿戴的

gotta /ˈɡɒtə/ colloq.  have got a; have got to [口]得到；必须  I gotta pain  我疼 we gotta go  我们必须去 [corruption]■Usage 用法说明 Gotta is non-standard and should generally be avoided in both speech and writing. Gotta 用法不标准，一般在口语及书面语中应避免。 

gotten US [美] past part.  of GET 

gouache /ɡu:ˈɑ:ʃ, ɡwɑ:ʃ/ n.  1  a method of painting in opaque pigments ground in water and thickened with a glue-like substance 树胶水彩画法 2  these pigments 树胶水彩颜料 3  a picture painted in this way 树胶水彩画 [French from Italian guazzo]

Gouda /ˈɡaʊdə/ n.  a flat round usu. Dutch cheese with a yellow rind (通常为荷兰的)扁圆形干酪 [Gouda, a town in the Netherlands, where it was originally made]

gouge /ɡaʊdʒ, ɡu:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a chisel with a concave blade, used in carpentry, sculpture, and surgery (用于木工、雕刻、外科手术的)半圆凿，弧口凿 2  an indentation or groove made with or as with this (似)用半圆凿凿成的槽；圆槽 ●v.  1 tr.  cut with or as with a gouge (似)用半圆凿凿 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 out)  force out (esp. an eye with the thumb) with or as with a gouge (尤指用大拇指)抠出(眼珠)b  force out the eye of (a person) 抠出(某人)眼珠 3 tr. N. Amer. colloq.  overcharge, swindle [北美口]敲竹杠；诈骗 4 intr. Austral.  dig for opal [澳]挖掘蛋白石 □ gouger  n.   [French, from Late Latin gubia, perhaps of Celtic origin]

goujons /ˈɡu:dʒ(ə)nz/ n. pl.  deep-fried strips of chicken or fish 炸鸡(鱼)条 [French, formed as GUDGEON1’2]

goulash /ˈɡu:læʃ/ n.  1  a highly-seasoned Hungarian soup or stew of meat and vegetables, flavoured with paprika 菜和红辣椒炖肉；红辣椒肉菜汤 2 (in contract bridge) a dealing again, several cards at a time, of the four hands (unshuffled, but with each hand arranged in suits and order of value) when no player has bid (定约桥牌中)重新分牌(不洗牌，每家将花色及大小理好后重发牌) [Hungarian gulyɑˊs-hús, from gulyɑˊs ‘herdsman’ + hús ‘meat’]

gourami /ɡʊ(ə)ˈrɑ:mi, ˈɡʊərəmi/ n.  1  a large freshwater fish, Osphronemus goramy, native to SE Asia, used as food (原产东南亚的)丝足鲈 2  any small brightly coloured freshwater fish of the related families Belontiidae and Helostomatidae, often kept in aquariums Also called 亦称作 labyrinth fish. (水族馆中的) (格斗鱼科或吻鲈科的)色彩绮丽的观赏小鱼 [Malay gurɑˉmi]

gourd /ɡʊəd, ɡɔ:d/ n.  1  a  a fleshy usu. large fruit with a hard skin (通常个儿大的)葫芦b  any of various climbing or trailing plants of the family Cucurbitaceae bearing such a fruit also called 亦称作 cucurbit 葫芦科植物 2  the hollow hard skin of a gourd, dried and used as a drinking vessel, water container, ornament, etc. (用葫芦果壳制的)葫芦瓢(罐) (用作酒葫芦、水罐、装饰物等) □ gourdful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Anglo-French gurde, Old French gourde, ultimately from Latin cucurbita]

gourmand /ˈɡʊəmənd, ˈɡɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a glutton 贪吃的人 2 disp.  a gourmet 美食家 ●adj.  gluttonous; fond of eating, esp. to excess 贪吃的；(尤指过分)喜欢吃喝的 □ gourmandism  n.   [Middle English from Old French, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 The use of gourmand in sense 2 is considered incorrect by some people; it is therefore preferable to use gourmet. 有些人认为释义 2 中 gourmand 的用法不正确，因此最好用 gourmet 。 

gourmandise /ɡʊəmɒ˜ˈdi:z/ n.  the habits of a gourmand; gluttony 讲究饮食；大吃癖 [French (as GOURMAND)]

gourmet /ˈɡʊəmei, ˈɡɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a connoisseur of good food, having a discerning palate 美食品尝家 ●attrib. adj.  1  of a kind or standard suitable for gourmets 供美食家享受的；适于美食家标准的 2  of or relating to a gourmet (有关)美食的 [French, = wine taster: sense influenced by GOURMAND]

gout /ɡaʊt/ n.  1  a disease with inflammation of the smaller joints, esp. the toe, as a result of excess uric acid salts in the blood (脚趾)痛风(血液中尿酸盐增多引起) 2 archaic [古义]  a  a drop, esp. of blood 一滴(尤指血)b  a splash or spot 一片；一块 □ gouty  adj.  □ goutiness  n.   [Middle English via Old French goute from Latin gutta ‘drop’, with reference to the medieval theory of the flowing down of humours]

Gov. abbr. [缩略]  1  Government  2  Governor 

gov. abbr. [缩略]  governor 

govern /ˈɡʌv(ə)n/ v.  1  a tr.  rule or control (a state, subject, etc.) with authority; conduct the policy and affairs of (an organization etc.) 统治；支配(国家、臣民等)；左右(政策)；管理(组织等事务)b intr.  be in government 执政 2  a tr.  influence or determine (a person or a course of action) 影响(人)；决定(行动方向)b intr.  be the predominating influence 起主导作用 3 tr.  be a standard or principle for; constitute a law for; serve to decide (a case) 指导；规定；作(某案件的)准则 4 tr.  check or control (esp. passions) 抑制；控制(尤指热情) 5 tr. Gram. (esp. of a verb or preposition) have (a noun or pronoun or the case of these) depending on it 【语法】(尤指动词或介词)支配(名词、代词及其格的语法形式) 6 tr.  be in military command of (a fort, town) 统辖(要塞、城镇) □ governable  adj.  □ governability  /-nəˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French governer and Latin gubernare ‘steer, rule’ from Greek kubernaō]

governance /ˈɡʌv(ə)nəns/ n.  1  the act or manner of governing 统治方式；管理方法 2  the office or function of governing 统治；管理 3  sway, control 支配；控制 [Middle English from Old French (as GOVERN)]

governess /ˈɡʌv(ə)nis/ n.  a woman employed to teach children in a private household 家庭女教师 [earlier governeress from Old French governeresse (as GOVERNOR)]

governessy /ˈɡʌv(ə)nisi/ adj.  characteristic of a governess; prim 家庭女教师(似)的；古板的

governing body n.  the body of managers of an institution 管理机构

government /ˈɡʌv(ə)nm(ə)nt, -vəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or manner of governing 统治方式；管理方法 2  the system by which a state or community is governed 政体；体制 3  a  a body of persons governing a state 政府b (usu. 通常作 Government)  a particular ministry in office 部；内阁 4  the State as an agent 代表国家的人 5 Gram.  the relation between a governed and a governing word 【语法】支配关系 □ governmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ governmentally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French governement (as GOVERN)]

Government House n. Brit.  the official residence of a governor [英]总督官邸；政府大厦

government issue adj. US (of equipment) provided by the government [美] (装备)政府发放的

government paper n. (also 亦作 government securities n. pl.)  bonds etc. issued by the government 政府债券(证券等)

government pension  see 见 PENSION1 n. 1a 

government surplus n.  unused equipment sold by the government 政府出售的空闲设备

governor /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person who governs; a ruler 管理者；统治者 2  a  an official governing a province, town, etc. (州及城镇等的)长官b Brit.  a representative of the Crown in a colony [英] (殖民地的)总督 3  the executive head of each state of the US (美国各州的)州长 4  an officer commanding a fortress or garrison (要塞、驻地的)司令官 5  the head or a member of a governing body of an institution (机构的)主管；理事；董事 6 Brit.  the official in charge of a prison [英]典狱长 7 Brit. [英]  a slang  one's employer [俚语]老板；雇主b slang  one's father [俚语]爸爸c colloq. (as a form of address) sir [口] (作为一种称呼)先生 8 Mech.  an automatic regulator controlling the speed of an engine etc. 【机】(控制发动机等速度的)调速器；调节器 □ governorate  /-rət/ n.  □ governorship  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French gouvernour, Old French governëo(u)r from Latin gubernator -oris (as GOVERN)]

Governor-General n. (pl. Governors-General)  the representative of the Crown in a Commonwealth country that regards the British Monarch as head of state (联邦国家中的)总督

Govt. abbr. [缩略]  Government 

gowan /ˈɡaʊən/ n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a daisy 雏菊 2  any white or yellow field-flower 田野间白色(或黄色)的花 [probably a variant of dialect gollan ‘ranunculus’ etc., and related to gold in marigold]

gowk /ɡaʊk/ n. Brit. dial. [英方]  1  a cuckoo 杜鹃；布谷鸟 2  an awkward or half-witted person; a fool 呆子；傻子 [Middle English from Old Norse gaukr, from Germanic]

gown /ɡaʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loose flowing garment, esp. a long dress worn by a woman 宽大的长外衣(尤指妇女穿的长裙服) 2  the official robe of an alderman, judge, cleric, member of a university, etc. 文官服；法官服；教士服(教授、毕业生穿的大学礼服等) 3  a protective overall worn by a surgeon, a hospital patient, etc. (外科大夫、医院病人等穿的)罩衣 4  the members of a university as distinct from the permanent residents of the university town (cf. 参见 TOWN n. 4) 大学全体师生(有别于大学城的长住居民) ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 gowned adj.)  attire in a gown 穿上长外衣 [Middle English via Old French goune, gon(n)e from Late Latin gunna ‘fur garment’: cf. medieval Greek gouna ‘fur’]

goy /ɡɔi/ n. (pl. goyim /ˈɡɔiim/ or goys) slang offens.  a Jewish name for a non-Jew [俚语] [冒犯]非犹太人；异族人(犹太人对非犹太人的称呼) □ goyish  adj. (also 亦作 goyisch)   [Hebrew gōy ‘people, nation’]

GP abbr. [缩略]  1  general practitioner  2  Grand Prix 

Gp. Capt. abbr. [缩略] (in the RAF) Group Captain 

GPI abbr.  general paralysis of the insane [缩略]麻痹性痴呆

GPMU abbr. (in the UK) Graphical, Paper, and Media Union (formed by the merger of the NGA and SOGAT in 1991) [缩略] (英国)书画刻印纸张传媒联合会 (1991 年由全国书画刻印协会和书画刻印业及同业协会合并而成)

GPO abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  General Post Office [英]邮政总局 2 US  Government Printing Office [美]政府印刷局

GPS abbr.  Global Positioning System, an accurate worldwide navigational and surveying facility based on the reception of signals from an array of orbiting satellites [缩略]全球(卫星)定位系统

GR abbr.  King George [缩略]乔治王 [Latin Georgius Rex]

gr abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 gr.)  1  gram(s)  2  grain(s)  3  gross  4  grey 

Graafian follicle /ˈɡrɑ:fiən/ n.  a follicle in the mammalian ovary in which an ovum develops prior to ovulation 格拉夫氏卵泡，囊状卵泡 [named after R. de Graaf, Dutch anatomist d. 1673]

grab /ɡræb/ v. & n. ●v. (grabbed, grabbing)  1 tr.  a  seize suddenly (突然)抓住；逮住b  capture, arrest 俘虏；捕获 2 tr.  take greedily or unfairly 抢夺；霸占 3 tr. slang  attract the attention of, impress [俚语]将…吸引住；使留下深刻印象 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  make a sudden snatch at 抓(住)；夺(得) 5 intr. (of the brakes of a motor vehicle) act harshly or jerkily (汽车闸)急速地(突然地)制动 ●n.  1  a sudden clutch or attempt to seize 抓取 2  a mechanical device for clutching 抓具 3  the practice of grabbing; rapacious proceedings esp. in politics and commerce (尤指在政治、贸易方面)摄取；巧取豪夺 4  a children's card game in which certain cards may be snatched from the table (儿童玩的)抓牌戏 □ up for grabs  slang  readily obtainable or available; on offer [俚语]可得的；易得的；待价而沽的□ grabber  n.   [Middle Low German, Middle Dutch grabben: perhaps related to GRIP, GRIPE, GROPE]

grab bag n. N. Amer.  a lucky dip [北美]摸彩袋

grabble /ˈɡræb(ə)l/ v. intr.  1  grope about, feel for something 摸索 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  sprawl on all fours, scramble (for something) 匍匐，爬；夺取(某物) [Dutch & Low German grabbeln ‘scramble for a thing’ (as GRAB)]

grabby /ˈɡræbi/ adj. colloq.  tending to grab; greedy, grasping [口]贪心不足的；贪婪的；紧紧抓住的

graben /ˈɡrɑ:b(ə)n/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or grabens) Geol.  a depression of the earth's surface between faults 【地质】地堑 [German, originally = ditch]

grab handle n. (also 亦作 grab rail etc.)  a handle or rail etc. to steady passengers in a moving vehicle 扶手(抓手等)

Grace /greis/   格雷斯 [人名]

grace /ɡreis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  attractiveness, esp. in elegance of proportion or manner or movement; gracefulness (尤指在匀称性、体态、动作方面的)优美；优雅 2  courteous good will 善意；情理  had the grace to apologize  通情达理地道歉 3  an attractive feature; an accomplishment 风度；魅力  social graces  社交风度 4  a (in Christian belief) the unmerited favour of God; a divine saving and strengthening influence (基督教信仰中)上帝的恩典；天恩的影响b  the state of receiving this 受天惠c  a divinely given talent (上帝赐予的)德行 5  goodwill, favour 善意；恩惠  fall from grace  失宠；堕落 6  delay granted as a favour 宽限(期)  a year's grace  宽限一年 7  a short thanksgiving before or after a meal (饭前、饭后的)谢恩祷告 8 (作 Grace) (in Greek mythology) each of three beautiful sister goddesses, bestowers of beauty and charm (希腊神话中的)美惠三女神 9 (作 Grace) (prec. by 前接 His, Her, Your)  forms of description or address for a duke, duchess, or archbishop (对公爵、公爵夫人、主教的描述或称呼用语)大人 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  lend or add grace to; enhance or embellish; confer honour or dignity on 使优美；使增光；装饰使有荣誉；惠赐  a vase graced the table  上得了台面的花瓶 graced us with his presence  他的光临给我们增了光 □ days of grace   the time allowed by law for payment of a sum due (法令允许的)宽限日期□ in a person's good (or bad) graces   regarded by a person with favour (or disfavour) 被某人喜欢(不喜欢)□ with good (or bad) grace   as if willingly (or reluctantly) 欣然地；勉强地 [Middle English via Old French from Latin gratia, from gratus ‘pleasing’: cf. GRATEFUL]

grace and favour attrib. adj. Brit.  designating a house etc. occupied by permission of a sovereign etc. [英] (君主等)准予享用的(房屋等)

graceful /ˈɡreisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  having or showing grace or elegance 优美的；优雅的 □ gracefully  adv.  □ gracefulness  n.  

graceless /ˈɡreislis/ adj.  lacking grace or elegance or charm 不优美的；不优雅的；粗俗的 □ gracelessly  adv.  □ gracelessness  n.  

grace note n.  an extra note as an embellishment not essential to the harmony or melody 装饰音

Gracie /ˈgreisi/   格雷西 [人名]

gracile /ˈɡræsil, ˈɡræsail/ adj.  slender; esp. Anthropol. (of hominid species) of slender build 细小的；(尤)【人】(人类学中人科类种动物)苗条的 [Latin gracilis ‘slender’]

gracility /ɡrəˈsiliti/ n.  1  slenderness 细小；苗条 2 (of literary style) unornamented simplicity (文学体裁)简洁；朴实无华

gracious /ˈɡreiʃəs/ adj. & int. ●adj.  1  indulgent and beneficent to inferiors (对下属或地位较自己低的人)慈善的；体恤的 2 (of God) merciful, benign (上帝)仁慈的；宽厚的 3  kindly, courteous 亲切的；有礼的 4 Brit.  a polite epithet used of royal persons or their acts [英]庄重的；高雅的  the gracious speech from the throne  君主庄重的讲话 5  characterized by elegance and usu. wealth 雍容华贵的；奢华的(通常指财产)  gracious grandeur  富丽堂皇 gracious rooms  豪华的房间 ●int.  expressing surprise (表示惊奇)天哪！  □ graciosity  /ɡreiʃiˈɒsiti, ɡreisi-/ n.  □ graciously  adv.  □ graciousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin gratiosus (as GRACE)]

gracious living n.  an elegant way of life 豪华的生活

grackle /ˈɡræk(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various orioles, esp. of the genus Quiscalus, native to America, the males of which are shiny black with a blue-green sheen also called 亦称作 BLACKBIRD (尤指鹌鹑属)美洲黑羽椋鸟(原产美洲，雄鸟有亮丽黑色羽毛) 2  any of various mynas, esp. of the genus Gracula, native to Asia (尤指亚洲家八哥属)鹩哥 [modern Latin Gracula from Latin graculus ‘jackdaw’]

grad /ɡræd/ n. colloq. [口]  = GRADUATEn. 1  [abbreviation]

gradate /ɡrəˈdeit/ v.  1 v. intr. & tr.  pass or cause to pass by gradations from one shade to another (使)逐渐转化到(另一色度)；渐变 2 tr.  arrange in steps or grades of size etc. (按大小等)分阶段(分级) [back-formation from GRADATION]

gradation /ɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in 通常用 pl.)  1  a stage of transition or advance 转化(或进展)的阶段 2  a  a certain degree in rank, intensity, merit, divergence, etc. (地位、密度、功绩、演变等的)程度b  such a degree; an arrangement in such degrees 分等；分级 3 (of paint etc.) the gradual passing from one shade, tone, etc., to another (颜色等)层次(色调等) 4 Philol.  ablaut 【语文】交替；变化 □ gradational  adj.  □ gradationally  adv.   [Latin gradatio from gradus ‘step’]

grade /ɡreid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a certain degree in rank, merit, proficiency, quality, etc. (地位、功绩、熟练程度、质量等)等级，级别，品级b  a class of persons or things of the same grade 同一级的人(或物) 2  a  a mark indicating the quality of a student's work 分数；成绩b Brit.  an examination, esp. in music [英] (尤指音乐)等级考试 3 N. Amer.  a class in school, concerned with a particular year's work and usu. numbered from the first upwards [北美] (通常由一年级往上的)年级 4  a  a gradient or slope 梯度；坡度b  the rate of ascent or descent 上升(下降)程度 5  a  a variety of cattle produced by crossing native stock with a superior breed 级进杂种b  a group of animals at a similar level of development 级(用于动物分类) 6 Philol.  a relative position in a series of forms involving ablaut 【语文】音级 ●v.  1 tr.  arrange in or allocate to grades; class, sort 按级安排；分级；分类 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up, down, off, into, etc.)  pass gradually between grades, or into a grade 逐渐变化；进入另一等级 3 tr.  give a grade to (a student) 给(学生)记分数 4 tr.  blend so as to affect the grade of colour with tints passing into each other (颜色)混合 5 tr.  reduce (a road etc.) to easy gradients 减小(道路等)坡度 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cross (livestock) with a better breed (家畜)与纯种杂交 □ at grade  US  on the same level [美]在同一水平上□ make the grade  colloq.  succeed; reach the desired standard [口]成功；达到理想标准 [French grade or Latin gradus ‘step’]

grade crossing n. US [美]  = LEVEL CROSSING 

grader /ˈɡreidə/ n.  1  a person or thing that grades 按等级分类的人(或物) 2  a wheeled machine for levelling the ground, esp. in making roads (尤指筑路中的)平土机 3 (in comb. 用于复合词) N. Amer.  a pupil of a specified grade in a school [北美]…年级学生  sixth-grader  六年级学生

grade school n. US  elementary school [美]小学

gradient /ˈɡreidiənt, -djənt/ n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a stretch of road, railway, etc., that slopes from the horizontal (公路、铁路等的)斜坡，坡道b  the amount of such a slope 斜度，坡度 2  the rate of rise or fall of temperature, pressure, etc., in passing from one region to another (温度、压力等)梯度 [probably formed on GRADE, on the pattern of salient]

gradine /ɡrəˈdi:n/ n. (also 亦作 gradin /ˈɡreidin/)  1  each of a series of low steps or a tier of seats (台阶)梯级；梯级式一排座位 2  a ledge at the back of an altar (神坛后的)壁架 [Italian gradino, diminutive of grado GRADE]

gradual /ˈɡrædʒʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees 逐渐的；渐进的 2  not rapid or steep or abrupt 逐步的；不陡的，渐变的 ●n. Eccl. 【教会】  1  a response sung or recited between the Epistle and Gospel in the Mass (弥撒中的)升阶圣歌 2  a book of music for the sung Mass service 升阶圣歌集 □ gradually  adv.  □ gradualness  n.   [medieval Latin gradualis, -ale from Latin gradus ‘step’, the noun referring to the altar steps on which the response is sung]

gradualism /ˈɡrædʒʊəliz(ə)m/ n.  a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution (改革政策方面的)渐进主义 □ gradualist  n.  □ gradualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

graduand /ˈɡrædʒʊænd, -dj-, -ənd/ n. Brit.  a person about to receive an academic degree [英]即将接受学位者；(大学)即将毕业的学生 [medieval Latin graduandus, gerundive of graduare GRADUATE]

graduate n. & v. ●n. /ˈɡrædʒʊət, -djʊət/  1  a person who has been awarded an undergraduate or first academic degree 毕业生；获得学位者 also 亦作 attrib.: graduate student  研究生 2 N. Amer.  a person who has completed a course of study [北美]完成课程的人 ●v. /ˈɡrædʒʊeit, -djʊeit/  1 intr.  a  take an academic degree or (N. Amer.) a high school diploma 获得学位；[北美]接受毕业文凭b (foll. by 后跟 from)  be a graduate of a specified university 大学毕业c (foll. by 后跟 in)  be a graduate in a specified subject 取得专科资格 2 tr. N. Amer.  confer a degree, diploma, etc. upon; send out as a graduate from a university etc. [北美]授予学位(文凭等)；准予从(大学等)毕业 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  move up to (a higher grade of activity etc.) 逐渐发展(到较高的活动等阶段)b (foll. by 后跟 as, in)  gain specified qualifications 取得资格 4 tr.  mark out in degrees or parts 给…标上刻度；给…划分度数 5 tr.  arrange in gradations; apportion (e.g. tax) according to a scale 按等级安排；按进差计(如税) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into, away)  pass by degrees 渐次变为(消除) □ graduator  n.   [medieval Latin graduari ‘take a degree’ from Latin gradus ‘step’]

graduated pension n. (in the UK) a system of pension contributions by employees in proportion to their wages or salary (英国) (根据雇员工资比例所交纳的)累进养老金制

graduate school n.  a department of a university for advanced work by graduates 研究生院

graduation /ɡrædʒʊˈeiʃ(ə)n, -djʊ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of graduating or being graduated 毕业；授学位 2  a ceremony at which degrees are conferred 授学位典礼 3  each or all of the marks on a vessel or instrument indicating degrees of quantity etc. (表示质量等程度的)刻度；等级

Graecism /ˈɡri:siz(ə)m, ˈɡrai-/ n. (also 亦作 Grecism)  1  a Greek idiom, esp. as imitated in another language (尤指另一种语言模仿的)希腊习语(词语) 2  a  the Greek spirit, style, mode of expression, etc. 希腊精神(文风、表达形式等)b  the imitation of these 希腊精神(文风、表达形式等)的模仿 [French grécisme or medieval Latin Graecismus from Graecus GREEK]

Graecize /ˈɡri:saiz, ˈɡrai-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 Grecize, -ise)  give a Greek character or form to 使具有希腊式特点(或形式) [Latin Graecizare (as GRAECISM)]

Graeco- /ˈɡri:kəʊ, ˈɡrai-/ comb. form (also 亦作 Greco-)  Greek; Greek and [构词成分]希腊的；希腊和…的 [Latin Graecus GREEK]

Graeco-Roman /ɡri:kəʊˈrəʊmən, ɡrai-/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Greeks and Romans (有关)希腊和罗马的 2 Wrestling  denoting a style attacking only the upper part of the body 【摔跤】古典式的；希腊罗马式的(只可攻击上身)

Graeme /ˈgreiəm/   格雷厄姆；格雷姆 [人名]

graffiti /ɡrəˈfi:ti/ n. & v. ●n. pl. (sing. graffito /-təʊ/)  inscriptions or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed on a surface, originally as inscribed on ancient walls (源于古墙上的)粗糙雕刻；乱涂；乱画 ●v. tr. (graffitied)  1  cover (a surface) with graffiti 在(表面)粗糙雕刻 2  write as graffiti 乱写  graffitied initials  涂鸦的大写首字母 □ graffitist  n.   [Italian, from graffio ‘a scratch’]■Usage 用法说明 Graffiti is, in formal terms, a plural noun and as such should be used with a plural verb. This rule is straightforward when referring to individual inscriptions, e.g. The graffiti were aggressive and insulting. The singular form in such examples is graffito, e.g. The graffito on the tombstone said simply ‘Jim’. It is wrong to use the plural form graffiti as a singular in such contexts, e.g. The most common graffiti is ‘Vive le roi’. An alternative to graffito is piece of graffiti, e.g. We saw an amusing piece of graffiti. However, the most common use of graffiti is as a collective or mass noun, referring to inscriptions in general or en masse. As such, this word is usually found with a singular verb, e.g. Graffiti is an increasing problem. Most people find this use natural and acceptable, as they do the collective use of the word data. 在正式词语中 graffiti 是复数名词，因此应与复数动词连用。当谈到特定的刻画时，这一规则就简明易懂，如 The graffiti were aggressive and insulting (刻字带有攻击性和侮辱性)。该词的单数形式是 graffito, 例如 The graffito on the tombstone said simply “ Jim ”(墓碑上的刻字只有一个字“ Jim ”)。在这种语境中把复数 graffiti 用作单数是错误的，如 The most common graffti is ‘Vive le roi’ (最常见的刻字是“ Vive le roi ”)。可用 piece of graffiti (一块刻字)替换 graffito, 如 We saw an amusing piece of graffiti (我们看到了一块内容让人发笑的刻字)。然而在一般情况或总体情况下，凡涉及到刻字(画)时，最常用的是作为集合名词或物质名词的 graffiti 。正因如此，该词通常与单数动词连用，如 Graffiti is an increasing problem (乱涂乱画成为一件日益突出的问题)。许多人认为这种用法自然且易接受，如同他们对待 data 的用法一样。 

graft1 /ɡrɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Bot. 【植】  a  a shoot or scion inserted into a slit of stock, from which it receives sap 嫁接用的嫩芽(幼枝)b  the place where a graft is inserted 嫁接结合部c  an instance or the process of inserting a shoot or scion 嫁接；嫁接过程 2 Surgery 【外科】  a  a piece of living tissue, organ, etc., transplanted surgically (活体、器官等的)移植b  an instance or the process of doing this 移植手术；移植过程 3 Brit. slang  work (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 hard graft). [英] [俚语]努力工作 ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into, on, together, etc.)  insert (a scion) as a graft 嫁接(嫩芽)b  insert a graft on (a stock) 在(砧木)上嫁接 2 intr.  insert a graft 进行嫁接 3 tr. Surgery  transplant (living tissue) 【外科】移植(活体) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on)  insert or fix (a thing) permanently to another 使(某物)与(另一物)紧密结合 5 intr. Brit. slang  work hard [英] [俚语]努力工作 □ grafter  n.   [Middle English (earlier graff) via Old French grafe, grefe and Latin graphium from Greek graphion ‘stylus’, from graphō ‘write’]

graft2 /ɡrɑ:ft/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  practices, esp. bribery, used to secure illicit gains in politics or business (在政治或买卖中)用不正当手段谋取钱财(尤指贿赂) 2  such gains 行贿得到的利益 ●v. intr.  seek or make such gains 用不正当手段谋取(钱财) □ grafter  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

grafting clay n. (also 亦作 grafting wax)  a substance for covering the united parts of a graft and stock (嫁接用的)接泥(蜡)

Graham /ˈgreiəm/   格雷厄姆；格雷姆 [人名]

Grahame /ˈgreiəm/   格雷厄姆；格雷姆 [人名]

Grail /ɡreil/ n. (in full 全称 Holy Grail)  1 (in medieval legend) the cup or platter used by Christ at the Last Supper, and in which Joseph of Arimathea received Christ's blood at the Cross, esp. as the object of quests by medieval knights (中世纪传说中耶稣在最后晚餐时用的)圣杯；圣盘(阿里马蒂耶的约瑟夫在耶稣被钉在十字架上时用此物接耶稣的血) (尤指中世纪骑士探求的目标) 2  any object of a quest 追求的目标 [Middle English via Old French graal etc. from medieval Latin gradalis ‘dish’, of unknown origin]

grain /ɡrein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fruit or seed of a cereal 谷粒；谷物 2  a (collect. 集合名词)  wheat or any allied grass used as food, corn 麦粒；谷粒；谷物b (collect. 集合名词)  their fruit 颖果c  any particular species of corn 谷类植物 3  a  a small hard particle of salt, sand, etc. (盐砂等的)小硬粒颗粒；细粒b  a discrete particle or crystal, usu. small, in a rock or metal (通常小的)晶粒；粒c  a piece of solid propellant for use in a rocket engine (火箭发动机使用的) (火)药柱 4  the smallest unit of weight in the troy and avoidrupois systems, equal to 1/5760 of a pound troy and 1/7000 of a pound avoirdupois (approx. 0.0648 grams) (最小重量单位)格令(约等于 0.0648 克) 5  the smallest possible quantity 微量；一丁点儿  not a grain of truth in it  其中无丝毫真实性 6  a  roughness of surface 粗糙面；粒面b Photog.  a granular appearance on a photograph or negative 【摄】(照片、底片上的)颗粒 7  the texture of skin, wood, stone, fabric, etc.; the arrangement and size of constituent particles (皮、木、石、织物等的)质地；肌理 8  a  a pattern of lines of fibre in wood or paper (毛、纸的)纹理b  lamination or planes of cleavage in stone, coal, etc. (石、煤等的)解理面；劈理面 9  nature, temper, tendency 特性；脾气；癖性 10  a hist.  kermes or cochineal, or dye made from either of these [史义]胭脂；胭脂虫红b poet.  dye; colour [诗]染料；颜色 ●v.  1 tr.  paint in imitation of the grain of wood or marble 漆成木纹(或大理石纹) 2 tr.  give a granular surface to 使表面粗糙 3 tr.  dye in grain 用胭脂红染 4 tr. & intr.  form into grains (使)成粒状 5 tr.  remove hair from (hides) 刮去(皮上的)毛 □ against the grain (often in phr. 常用于短语 go against the grain)   contrary to one's natural inclination or feeling 格格不入；违反意愿□ in grain   thorough, genuine, by nature, downright, indelible 十足的；真正的；天生的；彻头彻尾的；不退色的□ grained  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ grainer  n.  □ grainless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin granum]

grain leather n.  leather dressed with grain side out 粒面皮革

grain side n.  the side of a hide on which the hair was 皮革的粒面

grains of Paradise n. pl.  capsules of a W. African plant (Aframomum melegueta), used as a spice and a drug 小豆蔻；白豆蔻(均指种子，用作香料和药物)

grainy /ˈɡreini/ adj. (grainier, grainiest)  1  granular 粒状的 2  resembling the grain of wood 似木纹理的 3 Photog.  having a granular appearance 【摄】由颗粒构成的 □ graininess  n.  

grallatorial /ɡræləˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Zool.  of or relating to long-legged wading birds, e.g. storks, flamingos, etc. 【动】(有关)涉禽的(如鹳、火烈鸟等) [modern Latin grallatorius from Latin grallator ‘stilt-walker’, from grallae ‘stilts’]

gram1 /ɡræm/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] gramme)  a metric unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram 克(质量的公制单位) [French gramme from Greek gramma ‘small weight’]

gram2 /ɡræm/ n.  any of various pulses used as food (用作食品的)豆子(类) [Portuguese grɑ˜o from Latin granum ‘grain’]

-gram /ɡræm/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a thing written or recorded (often in a certain way) (anagram 回文构词法 ; epigram 警句 ; monogram 花押字 ; telegram 电报) [构词成分]构成名词，表示(用某种形式)“写的东西”，“记录的东西” □ -grammatic  /ɡrəˈmætik/ comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [from or suggested by Greek gramma -atos ‘thing written, letter of the alphabet’, from graphō ‘write’]

gram-equivalent n. Chem.  the quantity of a substance equal to its relative atomic or molecular weight in grams 【化】克当量

graminaceous /ɡræmiˈneiʃəs/ adj.  of or like grass; grassy (似)草的；草多的 [Latin gramen -inis ‘grass’]

gramineous /ɡrəˈminiəs/ adj.  = GRAMINACEOUS  [Latin gramineus from gramen -inis ‘grass’]

graminivorous /ɡræmiˈniv(ə)rəs/ adj.  feeding on grass, cereals, etc. 食草(或谷物)的 [Latin gramen -inis ‘grass’ + -VOROUS]

grammalogue /ˈɡræməlɒɡ/ n.  1  a word represented by a single shorthand sign 用记号代表的词 2  a logogram 速记符(代表单词) [formed irregularly from Greek gramma ‘letter of the alphabet’ + logos ‘word’]

grammar /ˈɡræmə/ n.  1  a  the study or rules of a language's inflections or other means of showing the relation between words, including its phonetic system 语法学；语法规则b  a body of form and usages in a specified language 语法；语法的用法  Latin grammar  拉丁语语法 2  a person's manner or quality of observance or application of the rules of grammar 文法；语法知识  bad grammar  不正确的说法 3  a book on grammar 语法书 4  the elements or rudiments of an art or science (艺术、科学)基础；基本原理 5 Brit. colloq. [英口]  = GRAMMAR SCHOOL 1  □ grammarless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French gramere, Old French gramaire from Latin grammatica, from Greek grammatikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of letters’, from gramma -atos ‘letter of the alphabet’]

grammarian /ɡrəˈmɛəriən/ n.  an expert in grammar or linguistics; a philologist 语法学家；语言学家；语文学家 [Middle English from Old French gramarien]

grammar school n.  1 Brit. esp. hist.  a selective state secondary school with a mainly academic curriculum [英] [尤史义]国立中等学校 2 Brit. hist.  a school founded in or before the 16th c. for teaching Latin, later becoming a secondary school teaching academic subjects [英史义]文法学校(成立于 16 世纪前，教授拉丁语，后成为中学，也指大学预科) 3 US [美]  = ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2 

grammatical /ɡrəˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or relating to grammar (有关)语法的b  determined by grammar, esp. by form or inflection 由语法(尤指屈折变化形式)决定的  grammatical gender  语法上的性 2  conforming to the rules of grammar, or to the formal principles of an art, science, etc. 符合语法规则的；符合(艺术、科学等)正式规则的 □ grammatically  adv.  □ grammaticalness  n.   [French grammatical or Late Latin grammaticalis via Latin grammaticus from Greek grammatikos (as GRAMMAR)]

gramme Brit. var.  of GRAM1 [英]GRAM1 的变体

Gram-negative adj. Biol. (of bacteria) not retaining the first (violet) dye of Gram stain 【生】(细菌)革兰氏阴性的 [see GRAM STAIN]

gramophone /ˈɡræməfəʊn/ n.  = RECORD PLAYER  □ gramophonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.   [formed by inversion of PHONOGRAM]

gramophone record  see 见 RECORD n. 3a 

Gram-positive adj. Biol. (of bacteria) retaining the first (violet) dye of Gram stain 【生】(细菌)革兰氏阳性的 [see GRAM STAIN]

grampus /ˈɡræmpəs/ n. (pl. grampuses)  1  a  a dolphin, Grampus griseus, with a blunt snout and long pointed black flippers 索氏海豚；灰吻海豚b  the killer whale 虎鲸；逆戟鲸 2 Brit.  a person breathing heavily and loudly [英]呼吸声粗重的人 [earlier graundepose, grapeys from Old French grapois etc. via medieval Latin craspiscis from Latin crassus piscis ‘fat fish’]

Gram stain /ɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 Gram's stain) Biol.  a technique for identifying bacteria of different cell-wall types by successive application of a violet dye, a decolorizing agent, and a red dye 【生】革兰氏染色法(运用紫色染料，使其脱色或颜色不变，以鉴定不同细胞壁的细菌) [named after H.C.J. Gram, Danish physician d. 1938]

gran /ɡræn/ n. colloq.  grandmother (cf. 参见 GRANNY) [口]奶奶；外婆 [abbreviation]

granadilla var.  of GRENADILLA  GRENADILLA 的变体

granary /ˈɡræn(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a storehouse for threshed grain 谷仓；粮仓 2  a region producing, and esp. exporting, much corn (尤指供出口的)产粮区 3 propr.  a type of brown bread or flour containing whole grains of wheat [商标]全麦面包(面粉) [Latin granarium from granum ‘grain’]

grand /ɡrænd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  splendid, magnificent, imposing, dignified 宏伟的；壮丽的；雄伟的，庄重的b  solemn or lofty in conception, execution, or expression; noble 庄严的；崇高的；尊贵的 2  main; of chief importance 主要的；(最)重要的  grand staircase  主楼梯 grand entrance  大门 3 (作 Grand)  of the highest rank, esp. in official titles (尤指官衔)最高的  Grand Cross  大十字勋章 Grand Vizier  大维齐尔 Grand Inquisitor  宗教法庭大法官 4 colloq.  excellent, enjoyable [口]好的；快乐的  had a grand time  玩得很开心 in grand condition  优越的条件 5  belonging to high society; displaying opulence 上流社会的；豪华的  the grand folk at the big house  大家庭中的祖父母辈家属 grand affair  大事件 6 (in comb. 用于复合词)  in names of family relationships, denoting the second degree of ascent or descent (在家属关系名称中)表示“隔一代的”  granddaughter  孙女；外孙女 7 (作 Grand) (in French phrases or imitations 用于法语短语或模仿)  great 大的；伟大的  Grand Monarch  伟大的君主(法王路易十四) Grand Hotel  大旅馆 8 Law  serious, important (cf. 参见 COMMON adj. 9, PETTY 4) 【法律】严重的；重大的  grand larceny  大盗窃罪 ●n.  1  = GRAND PIANO  2 (pl. same 单复同) (usu. in 通常用 pl.) slang  a thousand dollars or pounds [俚语]1000 美元(英镑) □ grandly  adv.  □ grandness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French graunt, Old French grant from Latin grandis ‘full-grown’]

grandad /ˈɡrændæd/ n. (also 亦作 granddad) colloq. [口]  1  grandfather 爷爷；外公 2  an elderly man 老年人

grandam /ˈɡrændæm/ n.  1 (also 亦作 grandame) archaic  grandmother [古义]奶奶；外婆 2  an old woman 老年妇女，老太婆 3  an ancestress 女祖先 [Middle English from Anglo-French graund dame (as GRAND, DAME)]

grand-aunt n.  = GREAT-AUNT 

grandchild /ˈɡræn(d)tʃaild/ n. (pl. -children)  a child of one's son or daughter 孙子；孙女；外孙；外孙女

granddad var.  of GRANDAD  GRANDAD 的变体

granddaughter /ˈɡrændɔ:tə/ n.  a female grandchild 孙女；外孙女

grand duchy n.  a state ruled by a grand duke or duchess 大公国，大公领地

grand duke n. (also 亦作 grand duchess)  1  a prince (or princess) or noble person ruling over a territory 大公；大公夫人；女大公(大公国的统治者) 2 (作 Grand Duke) hist.  the son or grandson of a Russian tsar [史义]大公，俄国沙皇的儿子(或孙子)

grande dame /ɡrɒ˜dæm/ n.  a dignified lady of high rank 贵妇人；有声望的老夫人 [French]

grandee /ɡrænˈdi:/ n.  1  a Spanish or Portuguese nobleman of the highest rank (西班牙、葡萄牙的)贵族；显贵 2  a person of high rank or eminence 高官；有名望的人 [Spanish & Portuguese grande, assimilated to -EE]

grandeur /ˈɡrændjə, -(d)ʒə/ n.  1  majesty, splendour; dignity of appearance or bearing 雄伟；壮丽；仪表堂堂；高贵 2  high rank, eminence 高位；显职 3  nobility of character 伟大；崇高 [French from grand ‘great, GRAND’]

grandfather /ˈɡræn(d)fɑ:ðə/ n.  a male grandparent 爷爷；外公 □ grandfatherly  adj.  

grandfather clock n.  a clock in a tall free-standing wooden case, driven by weights (立于木匣中的)落地式大摆钟

Grand Fleet n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1 (in the 18th c.) the British fleet based at Spithead (18 世纪驻扎在斯皮德里德海峡的)英国海军 2  the British fleet operating in the North Sea during the First World War (第一次世界大战期间在北海作战的)英国舰队

Grand Guignol /ɡrɒn ɡi:ˈnjɒl/ n.  a dramatic entertainment of a sensational or horrific nature (上演刺激性或恐怖戏的)大木偶剧场 [the name (= Great Punch) of a theatre in Paris]

grandiflora /ɡrændiˈflɔ:rə/ adj.  bearing large flowers 开大花的 [modern Latin (often used in specific names of large-flowered plants), from Latin grandis ‘great’ + FLORA]

grandiloquent /ɡrænˈdiləkwənt/ adj.  1  pompous or inflated in language (语言)夸大的；言过其实的 2  given to boastful talk 夸夸其谈的 □ grandiloquence  n.  □ grandiloquently  adv.   [Latin grandiloquus (as GRAND, -loquus ‘-speaking’ from loqui ‘speak’), the ending altered on the pattern of eloquent etc.]

Grand Inquisitor n.  the director of the court of Inquisition in some countries (某些国家的)宗教法庭大法官

grandiose /ˈɡrændiəʊs/ adj.  1  producing or meant to produce an imposing effect 铺张的；过分华丽的 2  planned on an ambitious or magnificent scale 宏伟的；壮丽的 □ grandiosely  adv.  □ grandiosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.   [French from Italian grandioso (as GRAND, -OSE1)]

grand jury n. esp. US Law  a jury selected to examine the validity of an accusation prior to trial [尤美]【法律】大陪审团

grandma /ˈɡræn(d)mɑ:/ n. colloq.  grandmother [口]奶奶；外婆

grand mal /ɡrɒn ˈmæl/ n.  1  a serious form of epilepsy with loss of consciousness 癫痫大发作 often 常作 attrib.: grand mal epilepsy  严重癫痫病 2  an epileptic fit of this kind Cf. 参见 PETIT MAL. 癫痫，羊痫疯 [French, = great sickness]

grandmama /ˈɡræn(d)məmɑ:/ n. archaic colloq. [古义] [口]  = GRANDMA 

grand master n.  1  a chess player of the highest class 国际象棋大师 2 (作 Grand Master)  the head of a military order of knighthood, of Freemasons, etc. (骑士团或共济会等的军事)大头领

grandmother /ˈɡræn(d)mʌðə/ n.  a female grandparent 奶奶；外婆 □ teach one's grandmother to suck eggs   presume to advise a more experienced person 教奶奶吮鸡蛋；班门弄斧□ grandmotherly  adj.  

grandmother clock n.  a clock like a grandfather clock but in a smaller case (立于较小木匣中的)落地式摆钟

Grand National n.  a steeplechase held annually at Aintree, Liverpool (一年一度在安特里、利物浦举行的)越野障碍赛马

grand-nephew n.  = GREAT-NEPHEW 

grand-niece n.  = GREAT-NIECE 

grand opera n.  opera on a serious theme, or in which the entire libretto (including dialogue) is sung 大歌剧(主题严肃，或唱出所有歌词，包括对白)

grandpa /ˈɡræn(d)pɑ:/ n. colloq.  grandfather [口]爷爷；外公

grandpapa /ˈɡræn(d)pəpɑ:/ n. archaic colloq. [古义] [口]  = GRANDPA 

grandpappy /ˈɡræn(d)pæpi/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = GRANDPA 

grandparent /ˈɡræn(d)pɛər(ə)nt/ n.  a parent of one's father or mother 爷爷；外公；奶奶；外婆

Grand Penitentiary n.  a cardinal presiding over the penitentiary 宗教裁判所大法官(由一名红衣主教担任)

Grand Pensionary n. hist.  the first minister of Holland and Zeeland (1619-1794) [史义]荷兰共和国和泽兰的执政

grand piano n.  a large full-toned piano standing on three legs, with the body, strings, and soundboard arranged horizontally and in line with the keys 三腿平台式大钢琴

Grand Prix /ɡrɒ˜ˈpri:/ n. (pl. Grands Prix pronunc. same 单复发音同)  any of several important international motor or motorcycle racing events 国际汽车(摩托车)大奖赛 [French, = great or chief prize]

grand seigneur /ɡrɒ˜ seiˈnjɜ:/ n.  a person of high rank or noble presence 高官；显贵；贵族 [French, literally ‘great lord’]

grandsire /ˈɡræn(d)saiə/ n. archaic [古义]  1  grandfather, old man, ancestor 爷爷；外公；老年男人；男性祖先 2 (in bell-ringing) a method of change-ringing (用于鸣钟)敲奏钟的方法

grand siècle /ɡrɒ˜ siˈekl(ə), 法 ɡrɑ˜ sjɛkl/ n.  the classical or golden age, esp. the 17th c. in France (尤指 17 世纪法国的)鼎盛时期 [French, = great century or age]

grand slam n.  1 Bridge  the winning of 13 tricks 【桥牌】大满贯(全赢 13 墩牌) 2  the winning of all of a group of major championships or matches in a sport (一次比赛中每场皆胜)获全胜；大满贯 3 Baseball  a home run hit when all three bases are occupied by a runner, thus scoring four runs 【棒球】(满垒时击出的)四分本垒打

grandson /ˈɡræn(d)sʌn/ n.  a male grandchild 孙子；外孙子

grandstand /ˈɡræn(d)stand/ n.  the main stand, usu. roofed, for spectators at a racecourse etc. (赛马场等通常有篷顶的)大看台

grandstand finish n.  a close and exciting finish to a race etc. (比赛等中)比分接近的紧张结局

grand total n.  the final amount after everything is added up; the sum of other totals 总计；共计

grand tour n. esp. hist.  a cultural tour of Europe, made for educational purposes [尤史义] (出于教育目的的)欧洲文化旅行

grand-uncle n.  = GREAT-UNCLE 

grand unified theory n. Physics  a theory attempting to give a single explanation of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions between subatomic particles 【物理学】大统一理论(对强力和弱力、亚原子粒子之间电磁力相互影响的理论)

grange /ɡrein(d)ʒ/ n.  1 Brit.  a country house with farm buildings [英]庄园；农场；田庄 2 archaic  a barn [古义]谷仓 [Middle English via Anglo-French graunge, Old French grange from medieval Latin granica (villa), ultimately from Latin granum ‘grain’]

graniferous /ɡræˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.  producing grain or a grainlike seed 生谷粒的；结谷粒状种子的 □ graniform  /ˈɡranifɔ:m/ adj.   [Latin granum ‘grain’]

granite /ˈɡrænit/ n.  1  a granular crystalline igneous rock of quartz, mica, feldspar, etc., used for building (含石英、云母、长石等的)花岗岩(石) 2  a determined or resolute quality, attitude, etc. (品质、态度等)坚毅；坚韧不拔 □ granitic  /ɡrəˈnitik/ adj.  □ granitoid  adj. & n.   [Italian granito, literally ‘grained’, from grano, from Latin granum ‘grain’]

graniteware /ˈɡrænitwɛə/ n.  1  a speckled form of earthenware imitating the appearance of granite (带斑纹的)花岗岩花纹陶器 2  a kind of enamelled ironware 涂灰色珐瑯的搪瓷器皿

granivorous /ɡræˈniv(ə)rəs/ adj.  feeding on grain 食谷的 □ granivore  /ˈɡrænivɔ:/ n.   [Latin granum ‘grain’]

granny /ˈɡræni/ n. (also 亦作 grannie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  grandmother [口]奶奶；外婆 [obsolete grannam for GRANDAM + -Y2]

granny bond n. Brit. colloq.  a form of National Savings certificate originally available only to pensioners [英口]老奶奶券(一种只适用于领取养老金的国民储蓄证券)

granny flat n. (also 亦作 granny annexe) Brit.  part of a house made into self-contained accommodation for an elderly relative [英] (住宅中只供老年亲属居住的)老奶奶套间

granny knot n.  a reef knot crossed the wrong way and therefore insecure (系不牢的) 8 字平结

Granny Smith /ɡræni ˈsmiθ/ n.  an Australian green variety of apple 史密斯奶奶苹果(澳大利亚产，果实青绿色) [named after Maria Ann (‘Granny’) Smith d. 1870, who first produced them]

granodiorite /ɡrænə(ʊ)ˈdaiərait/ n. Geol.  a coarse-grained plutonic rock containing quartz and plagioclase, between granite and diorite in composition 【地质】花岗闪长岩(含石英和斜长岩，质地间于花岗岩和闪长岩) [GRANITE + -O- + DIORITE]

grant /ɡrɑ:nt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  consent to fulfil (a request, wish, etc.) 同意；答应(要求、愿望等)  granted all he asked  答应他提出的所有要求b  allow (a person) to have (a thing) 授予(某人) (某物)  granted me my freedom  给予我自由c (as 作 granted adj.) Brit. colloq.  apology accepted; pardon given [英口]接受道歉的；给予原谅的 2  give (rights, property, etc.) formally; transfer legally 授以(权利)；转让(财产等)；让渡 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  admit as true; concede, esp. as a basis for argument (尤指作为辩论的基础)假定；姑且承认 ●n.  1  the process of granting or a thing granted 同意；授予物 2  a sum of money given by the State for any of various purposes, esp. to finance education (国家给的)补助金(尤指支持教育的经费) 3 Law 【法律】  a  a legal conveyance by written instrument (通过书面契约)财产转让b  formal conferment (正式)授予 □ take for granted   1  assume something to be true or valid 认为(某事)理所当然 2  cease to appreciate through familiarity (因熟悉)对…不予以重视□ grantable  adj.  □ grantee  /-ˈti:/ n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)  □ granter  n.  □ grantor  /-ˈtɔ:/ n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French gr(e)anter, variant of creanter, ultimately from part. of Latin credere ‘entrust’]

grant aid n. & v. ●n.  a grant by central government to local government or an institution (中央政府给地方政府或机构的)资助款 ●v. tr. (grant-aid)  give financial assistance to 给…以财政资助

Granth /ɡrʌnt/ n. (in full 全称 Granth Sahib)  the sacred scriptures of the Sikhs (锡克教的)《圣典》 [Hindi, = book, code from Sanskrit grantha ‘tying, literary composition’]

grant-in-aid n. (pl. grants-in-aid)  = GRANT AIDn. 

grant-maintained adj. (of a school) funded by central rather than local government, and self-governing (学校)公费补助的；国立的

gran turismo /ɡræn təˈrizməʊ, 意 tuˈrizmo/ n. (pl. -os)  a comfortable high-performance model of motor car (舒适的)豪华旅行车 [Italian, = great touring]

granular /ˈɡrænjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or like grains or granules (似)颗粒的；颗粒状的 2  having a granulated surface or structure 具粒状表面(或结构)的 □ granularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ granularly  adv.   [Late Latin granulum GRANULE]

granulate /ˈɡrænjʊleit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  form into grains (使)成颗粒状；(使)粒化  granulated sugar  砂糖 2 tr.  roughen the surface of 使表面粗糙 3 intr. (of a wound etc.) form small prominences as the beginning of healing; heal, join (伤口等治愈初期)形成肉芽；治愈，弥合 □ granulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ granulator  n.  

granule /ˈɡrænju:l/ n.  a small grain 小颗粒；细粒 [Late Latin granulum, diminutive of Latin granum ‘grain’]

granulocyte /ˈɡrænjʊləsait/ n. Physiol.  any of various white blood cells having granules in their cytoplasm 【生理】粒细胞 □ granulocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  

granulometric /ˌɡrænjʊlə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  relating to the distribution of grain sizes in sand etc. (沙粒等的)粒度测定的 [French granulométrique (as GRANULE, METRIC)]

grape /ɡreip/ n.  1  a berry (usu. green, purple, or black) growing in clusters on a vine, used as fruit and in making wine 葡萄(通常呈绿色、紫色或黑色) 2 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  wine [口]葡萄酒 3  = GRAPESHOT  4 (in pl. 用复数)  a diseased growth like a bunch of grapes on the pastern of a horse etc., or on a pleura in cattle (马等骹骨上的)葡萄疮；(牛侧板上的)牛结核 □ grapey  adj. (also 亦作 grapy)   [Middle English from Old French grape ‘bunch of grapes’, probably via graper ‘gather (grapes)’ from grap(p)e ‘hook’, ultimately from Germanic]

grapefruit /ˈɡreipfru:t/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a large round yellow citrus fruit with an acid juicy pulp 葡萄柚，朱栾 2  the tree, Citrus paradisi, bearing this fruit 葡萄柚树，朱栾树 [GRAPE + FRUIT, probably from the fruits growing in clusters]

grape hyacinth n.  a plant of the genus Muscari (lily family), with clusters of usu. blue flowers 麝香兰属(百合科)植物(通常开蓝花)

grapeseed oil /ˈɡreipsi:d/ n.  oil extracted from the residue of grapes 葡萄籽油

grapeshot /ˈɡreipʃɒt/ n. hist.  small balls used as charge in a cannon and scattering when fired [史义]葡萄弹

grape-sugar n.  dextrose 葡萄糖

grapevine /ˈɡreipvain/ n.  1  any of various vines of the genus Vitis, esp. Vitis vinifera 葡萄属植物(尤指葡萄树) 2 colloq.  the means of transmission of unofficial information or rumour [口]流言蜚语传播的途径；谣言  heard it through the grapevine  道听途说

graph1 /ɡrɑ:f, ɡræf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, usu. of two variables, each measured along one of a pair of axes at right angles (通常表示两个变量之间关系的)图表；图解 2 Math.  a collection of points whose coordinates satisfy a given relation 【数】曲线图；坐标图 ●v. tr.  plot or trace on a graph 绘图；描绘 [abbreviation of graphic formula]

graph2 /ɡrɑ:f, ɡræf/ n. Linguistics  a visual symbol, esp. a letter or letters, representing a unit of sound or other feature of speech 【语言学】(尤指用一个字母或几个字母代表的)书写单位(符号)；词的拼法 [Greek graphē ‘writing’]

-graph /ɡrɑ:f, ɡræf/ comb. form forming nouns and verbs meaning [构词成分]构成名词和动词，表示 :  1  a thing written or drawn etc. in a specified way (autograph 手稿 ; photograph 照片) (以特定方式)写(或画)的东西 2  an instrument that records (heliograph 太阳照相机 ; seismograph 地震仪 ; telegraph 电报机) 记录的器具

grapheme /ˈɡræfi:m/ n. Linguistics 【语言学】  1  a class of letters etc. representing a unit of sound 字母(等) 2  a feature of a written expression that cannot be analysed into smaller meaningful units 字素 □ graphematic  /-ˈmatik/ adj.  □ graphemic  /ɡrəˈfi:mik/ adj.  □ graphemically  /ɡrəˈfi:mik(ə)li/ adv.   [GRAPH2 + -EME]

-grapher /ɡrəfə/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a person concerned with a subject etc. with a name ending in -graphy (geographer 地理学家 ; radiographer 拍射线照片的人) [构词成分]构成名词，表示人名与 -graphy 结尾的学科等有关的人 [from or suggested by Greek -graphos ‘writer’ + -ER1]

graphic /ˈɡræfik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the visual or descriptive arts, esp. writing and drawing (有关)视觉艺术的；(有关)描绘艺术的(尤指通过书写和绘画) 2  vividly descriptive; conveying all (esp. unwelcome or unpleasant) details 生动的；形象的；传达所有(尤指不受人欢迎、不愉快的)细节的 3 (of minerals) showing marks like writing on the surface or in a fracture (矿物) (在表面或裂面)有类似书写痕迹的 4  = GRAPHICAL  ●n.  a product of the graphic arts (cf. 参见 GRAPHICS 1, 3b) 平面造型艺术作品 □ graphically  adv.  □ graphicness  n.   [Latin graphicus from Greek graphikos, from graphē ‘writing’]

-graphic /ˈɡræfik/ comb. form (also 亦作 -graphical)  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -graphy (see 见 -GRAPHY) [构词成分]构成以 -graphy 结尾的名词相对应的形容词 □ -graphically  comb. form  forming adverbs [构词成分]构成副词 [from or suggested by Greek -graphikos (as GRAPHIC)]

graphicacy /ˈɡræfikəsi/ n.  the ability to read a map, graph, etc., or to present information by means of diagrams 识图(图表等)能力；(通过图解)呈现信息的能力 [GRAPHIC, on the pattern of literacy, numeracy]

graphical /ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or in the form of graphs (see 见 GRAPH1) (以)图解形式的 2  graphic 视觉(描绘)艺术的 □ graphically  adv.  

graphic arts n. pl.  the visual and technical arts involving design, writing, drawing, printing, etc. 视觉艺术；(有关设计、书写、绘画、印刷等的)平面造型艺术 □ graphic artist  n.  

graphic equalizer n.  a device for the separate control of the strength and quality of selected frequency bands 图解均衡器；等价放大器

graphic novel n.  an adult novel published in comic-strip format 图文并茂(漫画)小说

graphics /ˈɡræfiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. except in sense 3b 除释义 3b 外，通常看作单数)  1  the products of the graphic arts, esp. commercial design or illustration 制图书画艺术品(尤指用于商业目的的设计或插图) 2  the use of diagrams in calculation and design 图解计算；图式设计 3 (in full 全称 computer graphics) Computing 【计算】  a  the use of computers linked to VDUs to generate and manipulate visual images (通过与直观显示器相连的)计算机图像制作法b  visual images produced by computer processing (计算机制的)图像

graphite /ˈɡræfait/ n.  a grey crystalline allotropic form of carbon used as a solid lubricant, in pencils, and as a moderator in nuclear reactors etc. Also called 亦称作 plumbago, blacklead 石墨(用于铅笔制造及作为原子反应堆等的减速剂) □ graphitic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.  □ graphitize  /-fitaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [German Graphit from Greek graphō ‘write’]

graphology /ɡræˈfɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of handwriting esp. as a supposed guide to character 笔迹学(尤用于对性格的推断) 2  a system of graphic formulae; notation for graphs (see 见 GRAPH1) 图表法，图表标志 3 Linguistics  the study of systems of writing 【语言学】字系学 □ graphological  /ɡræfəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ graphologist  n.   [Greek graphē ‘writing’]

graph paper n.  paper printed with a network of lines as a basis for drawing graphs 作标图纸；标绘图纸

-graphy /ɡrəfi/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  a descriptive science (bibliography 文献学 ; geography 地理学) 描叙性学科 2  a technique of producing images (photography 照相术 ; radiography 射线照相术) 图示法 3  a style or method of writing, drawing, etc. (calligraphy 书法) 写(画等)的方式(方法) [from or suggested by French or German -graphie, from Latin or Greek -graphia ‘writing’]

grapnel /ˈɡræpn(ə)l/ n.  1  a device with iron claws, attached to a rope and used for dragging or grasping (拖、抓用的)铁抓钩；抓具 2  a small anchor with several flukes 多爪小铁锚 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French grapon, from Germanic: cf. GRAPE]

grappa /ˈɡræpə/ n.  a brandy distilled from the fermented residue of grapes after they have been pressed in wine-making 格拉巴酒(由发酵的葡萄渣酿制) [Italian]

grapple /ˈɡræp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fight at close quarters or in close combat 扭打；搏斗 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  try to manage or overcome a difficult problem etc. 努力克服(难题等) 3 tr.  a  grip with the hands; come to close quarters with 与…扭打；与…搏斗b  seize with or as with a grapnel; grasp 抓住；(似)用抓钩固定住；握紧；系牢 ●n.  1  a  a hold or grip in or as in wrestling 抓牢；系紧；揪扭b  a contest at close quarters 角逐；竞赛 2  a clutching-instrument; a grapnel 抓具；多爪小铁锚；铁抓钩 □ grappler  n.   [Old French grapil (n.) from Provençal, diminutive of grapa ‘hook’ (as GRAPNEL)]

grappling hook n.  = GRAPNEL 1 

grappling iron n.  = GRAPNEL 1 

graptolite /ˈɡræptəlait/ n.  an extinct marine invertebrate animal found as a fossil in lower Palaeozoic rocks 笔石(一种已绝迹的海洋无脊椎动物，旧石器时代早期岩石中发现它的化石) [Greek graptos ‘marked with letters’ + -LITE]

grasp /ɡrɑ:sp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  clutch at; seize greedily 抓牢；急切地抓住b  hold firmly; grip 抱住；抓住 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  try to seize; accept avidly (设法)抓；急切地接受 3 tr.  understand or realize (a fact or meaning) 理解；领会(事实或意思) ●n.  1  a firm hold; a grip 紧抱；抓住 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  mastery or control 掌握；控制  a grasp of the situation  把握住形势b  a mental hold or understanding 懂得；理解  a grasp of the facts  了解事实 3  mental agility 理解力  a quick grasp  敏锐的理解力 □ grasp at a straw (or at straws)   see 见 STRAW □ grasp the nettle  Brit.  tackle a difficulty boldly [英]挺身应付困难；大胆解决棘手问题□ within one's grasp   capable of being grasped or comprehended by one 为某人力所能及；为某人所能理解□ graspable  adj.  □ grasper  n.   [Middle English graspe, grapse, perhaps from a Germanic base related to GROPE]

grasping /ˈɡrɑ:spiŋ/ adj.  avaricious, greedy 贪婪的；贪心不足的 □ graspingly  adv.  □ graspingness  n.  

grass /ɡrɑ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a plant of the family Gramineae, with long narrow leaves, jointed stems, and spikes of small wind-pollinated flowers, including cereals, reeds, and bamboos 禾本科植物；(青)草(包括谷类、芦苇、竹)b  vegetation consisting of usu. short plants of this family, eaten by cattle, horses, sheep, etc., and used for lawns and playing fields 牧草(通常茎短，牛、马、羊等食用) 2  pastureland 草场；牧场；牧地 3  grass-covered ground, a lawn 草地  keep off the grass  勿入草地 4 slang  marijuana [俚语]大麻 5 Brit. slang  an informer, esp. a police informer [英] [俚语] (尤指向警方)告密的人 6 Brit.  the earth's surface above a mine; the pithead [英]矿山(井)地面；井口 7 slang  asparagus [俚语]芦笋；石刁柏 ●v.  1 tr.  cover with turf 用草覆盖；使长草 2 tr. US  provide with pasture [美]放牧；给牲口喂草 3 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a tr.  betray, esp. to the police (尤指向警察)背叛；出卖b intr.  inform the police 告密 4 tr.  knock down; fell (an opponent) 撞倒；将(对手)打倒 5 tr.  a  bring (a fish) to the bank 把(鱼)钓上岸来b  bring down (a bird) by a shot 打下(飞鸟) □ at grass   1  grazing 在吃草；在放牧中 2  out of work, on holiday, etc. 闲着(休假等)□ not let the grass grow under one's feet   be quick to act or to seize an opportunity 赶快行动；抓住时机□ out to grass   1  out to graze 赶去食草 2  in retirement 退休□ grassless  adj.  □ grasslike  adj.   [Old English grœs from Germanic: related to GREEN, GROW]

grass bird n.  1 Austral.  any of various warblers, esp. of the genus Megalurus, living among reeds [澳] (尤指生活在芦苇丛中的)苇莺 2  a southern African warbler, Sphenoeacus afer (非洲南部的)草莺

grass box n. Brit.  a receptacle for cut grass on a lawnmower [英] (割草机的)盛草箱

grasscloth /ˈɡrɑ:sklɒθ/ n.  a linen-like cloth woven from ramie etc. (用苎麻等织成的)夏布

grass court n.  a grass-covered tennis court 草地(网)球场

grasshopper /ˈɡrɑ:shɒpə/ n.  a jumping and chirping plant-eating insect of the order Orthoptera (直翅目)蚱蜢；蝗虫

grassland /ˈɡrɑ:slænd/ n.  a large open area of country covered with grass, esp. one used for grazing (尤指放牧用的)牧场；草场

grass of Parnassus n.  a herbaceous plant, Parnassia palustris 梅花草属植物；梅花草；帕尔纳索斯草

grass parakeet n. Austral.  a parakeet, esp. of the genus Neophema, frequenting grassland [澳]草原小鹦鹉

grass roots n. pl.  1  a fundamental level or source 基础；根源 2  ordinary people, esp. as voters; the rank and file of an organization, esp. a political party 基层群众(尤作为选民)；(尤作为政党的)基层；普通成员 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : grass-roots support  群众支持

grass ski n.  each of a pair of short skis with small wheels or rollers for skiing down grass-covered slopes (带小轮子和滚轴的) (草地)履带式滑行鞋 □ grass skiing  n.  

grass skirt n.  a skirt made of long grass and leaves fastened to a waistband 草裙

grass snake n.  1 Brit.  a common Eurasian snake, Natrix natrix, greenish-brown or greenish-grey with a yellow band around the neck [英] (欧亚常见的)游蛇(绿棕色或绿灰色，颈部呈带状黄色) 2 N. Amer.  the common greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis [北美]束带蛇

grass tree n.  = BLACKBOY 

grass widow n. (masc. grass widower)  a person whose husband (or wife) is away for a prolonged period 与丈夫(或妻子)分居的人

grass-wrack n.  eelgrass 大叶藻

grassy /ˈɡrɑ:si/ adj. (grassier, grassiest)  1  covered with or abounding in grass 覆盖着草的；草多的 2  resembling grass 似草的 3  of grass (青)草的 □ grassiness  n.  

grate1 /ɡreit/ v.  1 tr.  reduce to small shreds by rubbing on a serrated surface 磨碎 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, on)  rub with a harsh scraping sound 刺耳地摩擦 3 tr.  utter in a harsh tone 用刺耳的声音说 4 intr.  a  sound harshly or discordantly 发出刺耳(不谐调)的声音b (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  have an irritating effect 使难受；使气恼 5 tr.  grind (one's teeth) 咬(牙) 6 intr. (of a hinge etc.) creak (折叶等)发出吱嘎声 [Middle English from Old French grater, ultimately from West Germanic]

grate2 /ɡreit/ n.  1  the recess of a fireplace or furnace (壁炉、火炉的)炉床 2  a metal frame confining fuel in a fireplace etc. (壁炉等中的)炉篦；炉栅 [Middle English, = grating, from Old French, ultimately from Latin cratis ‘hurdle’]

grateful /ˈɡreitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  thankful; feeling or showing gratitude 感谢的；表示感激的  am grateful to you for helping  对你的帮助表示感激 2  pleasant, acceptable 愉快的；受欢迎的 □ gratefully  adv.  □ gratefulness  n.   [obsolete grate (adj.), from Latin gratus + -FUL]

grater /ˈɡreitə/ n.  a device for reducing cheese or other food to small shreds (干酪或其他食物的)磨碎机

graticule /ˈɡrætikju:l/ n.  1  a series of fine lines or fibres incorporated in a telescope or other optical instrument as a measuring scale or as an aid in locating objects (望远镜或其他光学仪器中的)十字线；标线；网格 2 Surveying  a network of lines on paper representing meridians and parallels 【测量学】经纬网；地理坐标网 [French from medieval Latin graticula, for craticula ‘gridiron’, from Latin cratis ‘hurdle’]

gratify /ˈɡrætifai/ v. tr. (-fies, -fied)  1  a  please, delight 使高兴；使喜悦b  please by compliance; assent to the wish of 使满意；满足…愿望 2  indulge in or yield to (a feeling or desire) (对感情、要求)纵容；屈从 □ gratification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ gratifier  n.  □ gratifying  adj.  □ gratifyingly  adv.   [French gratifier or Latin gratificari ‘do a favour to, make a present of’, from gratus ‘pleasing’]

gratin /ˈɡrætã(ŋ)/ n. Cookery 【烹饪】  1  a light browned crust usu. of breadcrumbs or melted cheese (通常由面包屑和溶化的干酪制的浅棕色)脆皮 2  a dish cooked with this (cf. 参见 AU GRATIN) 有脆皮的烘烤菜肴

grating1 /ˈɡreitiŋ/ adj.  1  sounding harsh or discordant 声音刺耳的；声音不和谐的  a grating laugh  刺耳的笑声 2  having an irritating effect 令人气恼的 □ gratingly  adv.  

grating2 /ˈɡreitiŋ/ n.  1  a framework of parallel or crossed metal bars 格栅；格子 2 Optics  a set of parallel wires, lines ruled on glass, etc., for producing spectra by diffraction 【光学】(玻璃等上的)衍射光栅

gratiné /ˈɡrætinei, 法 ɡratine/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 fem. gratinée) ●adj.  = AU GRATIN  ●n.  = GRATIN 

gratis /ˈɡrætis, ˈɡrɑ:-, ˈɡrei-/ adv. & adj.  free; without charge 免费(的)；不要费用(的) [Latin, contracted ablative pl. of gratia ‘favour’]

gratitude /ˈɡrætitju:d/ n.  being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness 感谢；感激；报答 [French gratitude or medieval Latin gratitudo from gratus ‘thankful’]

gratuitous /ɡrəˈtju:itəs/ adj.  1  given or done free of charge 免费的；不收酬劳的 2  uncalled for; unwarranted; lacking good reason 不必要的；无保证的；无正当理由的  a gratuitous insult  无端的侮辱 □ gratuitously  adv.  □ gratuitousness  n.   [Latin gratuitus ‘spontaneous’]

gratuity /ɡrəˈtju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  money given in recognition of services; a tip 赏钱；小费 [Old French gratuité or medieval Latin gratuitas ‘gift’ from Latin gratus ‘grateful’]

gratulatory /ˈɡrætjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.  expressing congratulation 祝贺的 [Late Latin gratulatorius from Latin gratus ‘grateful’]

graunch /ɡrɔ:n(t)ʃ/ v. intr. & tr. Brit. colloq.  make or cause to make a crunching or grinding sound [英口] (使)发出咬嚼声；(使)发出吱吱嘎嘎声 [imitative]

gravadlax var.  of GRAVLAX  GRAVLAX 的变体

gravamen /ɡrəˈveimen/ n. (pl. gravamens or gravamina /-minə/)  1  the essence or most serious part of an argument (论证的)要点；实质部分 2  a grievance 抱怨；控诉 [Late Latin, = inconvenience, from Latin gravare ‘to load’ from gravis ‘heavy’]

grave1 /ɡreiv/ n.  1  a  a trench dug in the ground to receive a coffin on burial 墓穴；埋葬处b  the place where someone is buried, often marked by a mound or stone 坟墓，坟地 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  death, esp. as indicating mortal finality 死亡(尤表明人生终结) 3  something compared to or regarded as a grave (比作或视为坟墓的)终结 □ turn in one's grave  (of a dead person) be thought of in certain circumstances as likely to have been shocked or angry if still alive 死不瞑目；九泉之下不能安宁 [Old English grœf, from West Germanic]

grave2 /ɡreiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  serious, weighty, important 严肃的；沉重的；重要的  a grave matter  重大事件b  dignified, solemn, sombre 庄重的；庄严的；低沉的  a grave look  严肃的神色 2  extremely serious or threatening 极为严重(可怕)的  grave danger  极度的危险 3 /ɡrɑ:v/ (of sound) low-pitched, not acute (声音)低沉的；抑音的 ●n. /ɡrɑ:v/  = GRAVE ACCENT  □ gravely  adv.  □ graveness  n.   [French grave or Latin gravis ‘heavy, serious’]

grave3 /ɡreiv/ v. tr. (past part. graven or graved)  1 (foll. by 后跟 in, on)  fix indelibly (on one's memory) 铭记；牢记(在某人的记忆中) 2 archaic  engrave, carve [古义]雕刻 [Old English grafan ‘dig, engrave’, from Germanic: related to GROOVE]

grave4 /ɡreiv/ v. tr.  clean (a ship's bottom) by burning off accretions and by tarring 清理(船底)并涂上柏油 [perhaps French dialect grave = Old French greve ‘shore’]

grave accent /ɡrɑ:v/ n.  a mark (｀) placed over a vowel in some languages to denote pronunciation, length, etc., originally indicating low or falling pitch (表明发音、音长等的)沉音符(｀) (起初表示音调低或下降) [GRAVE2]

gravedigger /ˈɡreivdiɡə/ n.  1  a person who digs graves 掘墓人 2 (in full 全称 gravedigger beetle)  a sexton beetle 埋葬虫

gravel /ˈɡræv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a mixture of coarse sand and small water-worn or pounded stones, used for paths and roads and as an aggregate 砂砾；砾石(作为一种粒料)b Geol.  a stratum of this 【地质】砂砾层 2 Med.  aggregations of crystals formed in the urinary tract 【医】尿砂 ●v. tr. (gravelled, gravelling; US [美] graveled, graveling)  1  lay or strew with gravel 铺石子；用砂砾铺筑 2  perplex, puzzle, nonplus (from an obsolete sense ‘run (a ship) aground’) 使困惑；使为难；使气恼(源于废语释义“(船)搁浅”) □ gravel-blind  literary  almost completely blind (from obsolete ‘more than sand-blind’, in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice II. ii. 33) [文学用语]几乎完全失明的(源于莎士比亚“威尼斯商人” II. ii. 33 中“比半瞎还瞎”) [Middle English from Old French gravel(e), diminutive of grave (as GRAVE4)]

gravelly /ˈɡræv(ə)li/ adj.  1  of or like gravel (似)砂砾的 2  having or containing gravel 砂砾多的；含砂砾的 3 (of a voice) deep and rough-sounding (声音)粗重而沙哑的

graven past part.  of GRAVE3  

graven image n.  an idol 偶像；神像

graver /ˈɡreivə/ n.  1  an engraving tool; a burin 雕刻工具；雕刻刀 2 archaic  an engraver; a carver [古义]雕刻家；雕刻匠

Graves /ɡrɑ:v/ n.  a light usu. white wine from Graves in France 格拉夫酒(通常为白葡萄酒，产于法国格拉夫区)

Graves' disease /ɡreivz/ n.  exophthalmic goitre with characteristic swelling of the neck and protrusion of the eyes, resulting from an overactive thyroid gland 格拉夫斯病，甲状腺机能亢进(症状为颈粗大、眼突出) [named after R. J. Graves, Irish physician d. 1853]

graveside /ˈɡreivsaid/ n.  the ground at the edge of a grave 坟墓边

gravestone /ˈɡreivstəʊn/ n.  a stone (usu. inscribed) marking a grave (通常有刻字的)墓碑

graveyard /ˈɡreivjɑ:d/ n.  a burial ground, esp. by a church (尤指教堂的)墓地

gravid /ˈɡrævid/ adj. literary or Zool.  pregnant; carrying eggs or young [文学用语]【动】怀孕的；怀卵的；怀子的 [Latin gravidus from gravis ‘heavy’]

gravimeter /ɡrəˈvimitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the difference in the force of gravity from one place to another 重力仪；重差计 [French gravimètre (Latin gravis ‘heavy’, -METER)]

gravimetric /ɡræviˈmetrik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the measurement of weight (有关)测定重量的 2  denoting chemical analysis based on weighing reagents and products 重量分析的

gravimetry /ɡrəˈvimitri/ n.  the measurement of weight 重量测定

graving dock n.  = DRY DOCK 

gravitas /ˈɡrævitæs, -tɑ:s/ n.  solemn demeanour; seriousness 庄严的举止；庄严 [Latin from gravis ‘serious’]

gravitate /ˈɡræviteit/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, towards)  move or be attracted to some source of influence 移向；受吸引 2 tr. & intr.  a  move or tend by force of gravity towards 以(受)引力(重力)作用而运动(或倾向于运动)b  sink by or as if by gravity 下沉；(似受重力作用)沉降 [modern Latin gravitare GRAVITAS]

gravitation /ɡræviˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Physics 【物理学】  1  a force of attraction between any particle of matter in the universe and any other 引力；重力 2  the effect of this, esp. the falling of bodies to the earth (尤指物体下落时的)重力作用；引力作用 [modern Latin gravitatio (as GRAVITY)]

gravitational /ɡræviˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to gravitation (有关)重力(引力)的 □ gravitationally  adv.  

gravitational constant n.  the constant in Newton's law of gravitation relating gravity to the masses and separation of particles (symbol 符 G). (牛顿万有)引力常数

gravitational field n.  the region of space surrounding a body in which another body experiences a force of attraction (万有)引力场；重力场

graviton /ˈɡrævitɒn/ n. Physics  a hypothetical quantum of gravitational energy 【物理学】(假设的引力场的量子)引力子 [GRAVITY + -ON]

gravity /ˈɡræviti/ n.  1  a  the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth or towards any other physical body having mass 地心引力；重力b  the degree of intensity of this measured by acceleration 重力加速度c  gravitational force (万有)引力 2  the property of having weight 具有重量(特征) 3  a  importance, seriousness; the quality of being grave 重大；严肃；严重性b  solemnity, sobriety; serious demeanour 庄严；庄重；认真 [French gravité or Latin gravitas from gravis ‘heavy’]

gravity feed n.  the supply of material by its fall under gravity 重力(自动)供料

gravlax /ˈɡrævlæks/ n. (also 亦作 gravadlax /ˈɡrævədlæks/)  a Scandinavian dish of dry-cured salmon marinated in herbs 渍鲑鱼片(一道斯堪的纳维亚菜肴，与调料一起腌制而成) [Swedish gravlax, from grav ‘trench’ + lax ‘salmon’, from the former practice of marinating the salmon in a hole in the ground]

gravure /ɡrəˈvjʊə/ n.  = PHOTOGRAVURE  [abbreviation]

gravy /ˈɡreivi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the juices exuding from meat during and after cooking 肉汁b  a dressing or sauce for food, made from these or from stock etc. (由肉汁或汤料等制成的)卤汁 2 slang  unearned or unexpected money [俚语]非法所得的钱；额外的收益 [Middle English, perhaps from a misreading as gravé of Old French grané, probably from grain ‘spice’: see GRAIN]

gravy boat n.  a boat-shaped vessel for serving gravy 船形肉卤碟

gravy train n. slang  a source of easy financial benefit [俚语] (挣得容易的)美差；肥缺

gray1 /ɡrei/ n. Physics  the SI unit of the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, corresponding to one joule per kilogram (abbr. 缩略 : Gy) 【物理学】戈瑞(吸收剂量的国际制单位，相当于每千克 1 焦耳) [named after L. H. Gray, English radiobiologist d. 1965]

gray2 US var.  of GREY [美] GREY 的变体

graybeard US var.  of GREYBEARD [美] GREYBEARD 的变体

grayling /ˈɡreiliŋ/ n.  1  any silver-grey freshwater fish of the genus Thymallus, with a long high dorsal fin (茴鱼属)茴鱼 2  a butterfly, Hipparchia semele, having wings with grey undersides and bright eye-spots on the upper side 眼蝶(翅背部呈灰色，上部有彩色眼点) [gray, variant of GREY + -LING1]

graywacke US var.  of GREYWACKE [美]GREYWACKE 的变体

graze1 /ɡreiz/ v.  1 intr. (of cattle, sheep, etc.) eat growing grass (牛、羊等)啃食牧草 2 tr.  a  feed (cattle etc.) on growing grass 放(牛等)啃食牧草b  feed on (grass) 使吃(青草) 3 intr.  pasture cattle 牧牛 4 intr. colloq. [口]  a  eat snacks or small meals throughout the day 吃零食；非定时饮食b  flick rapidly between television channels 急速转换电视频道c  casually sample something 随意品尝(东西) □ grazer  n.   [Old English grasian from grœs GRASS]

graze2 /ɡreiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  rub or scrape (a part of the body, esp. the skin) so as to break the surface but cause little or no bleeding 擦伤；擦破(身体某部位，尤指皮肤) 2  a tr.  touch lightly in passing 擦过；掠过b intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, along, etc.)  move with a light passing contact 轻轻擦过 ●n.  an act or instance of grazing; the result of grazing 擦过；轻触；擦伤 [perhaps a specific use of GRAZE1, as if ‘take off the grass close to the ground’ (of a shot etc.)]

grazier /ˈɡreiziə/ n.  1  a person who feeds cattle for market 养牛的人 2 Austral.  a large-scale sheep farmer or cattle farmer [澳]畜牧者；牛羊饲养人 □ graziery  n.   [GRASS + -IER]

grazing /ˈɡreiziŋ/ n.  1  in senses of GRAZE1’2 用 GRAZE1’2 的释义 2  grassland suitable for pasturage (适于放牧的)草场，牧场

grease /ɡri:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  oily or fatty matter, esp. as a lubricant (尤作为润滑剂的)油脂；润滑脂 2  the melted fat of a dead animal (炼出的)动物脂 3  oily matter in unprocessed wool 生羊毛中的脂肪成分 ●v. tr. /ɡri:s, ɡri:z/  smear or lubricate with grease 用油脂弄脏(润滑) □ grease the palm of  colloq.  bribe [口]贿赂，买通□ like greased lightning  colloq.  very fast [口]飞快地；闪电似地□ greaseless  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French grece, gresse, Old French graisse, ultimately from Latin crassus (adj.) ‘fat’]

grease gun n.  a device for pumping grease under pressure to a particular point 滑脂枪；注油枪

greasepaint /ˈɡri:speint/ n.  a waxy composition used as make-up for actors (演员用)化妆油彩

greaseproof /ˈɡri:spru:f/ adj. (esp. of paper) impervious to the penetration of grease (尤指纸张)防油的；不吸收油脂的

greaser /ˈɡri:sə, -z-/ n.  1  a person or thing that greases machinery etc. (给机器等加油的)润滑工；润滑器 2 slang  a member of a gang of youths with long hair and riding motorcycles [俚语]无赖；小流氓(披长发、骑摩托车) 3 US slang offens.  a Mexican or Spanish American [美] [俚语] [冒犯]墨西哥(西班牙)血统的美国人 4 Brit. slang  a gentle landing of an aircraft [英] [俚语]飞机柔和着陆

greasy /ˈɡri:si, -zi/ adj. (greasier, greasiest)  1  a  of or like grease 油脂(状)的b  smeared or covered with grease 油污的；满是油渍的c  containing or having too much grease 含脂肪的；含脂肪多的 2  a  slippery 圆滑的b (of a person or manner) unpleasantly unctuous, smarmy (人或举止)谄媚的；甜言蜜语的；会逢迎人的c  objectionable 讨厌的；令人不愉快的 □ greasily  adv.  □ greasiness  n.  

greasy pole n. colloq.  a difficult pathway to success [口]滑棒(游戏时在通往成功途中要走的一段艰险旅程)

great /ɡreit/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  of a size, amount, extent, or intensity considerably above the normal or average; big 大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的  made a great hole  弄了一个很大的洞 take great care  非常小心 lived to a great age  活到很大年纪b  also with implied surprise, admiration, contempt, etc., esp. in exclamations 亦用于暗示惊讶、羡慕、蔑视等，尤用于感叹  you great idiot  你这个大笨蛋！ great stuff  这东西真棒！ look at that great wasp  看那只大黄蜂c  reinforcing other words denoting size, quantity, etc. (用以加强表示大小、量等其它词的词义)非常；很  a great big hole  一个非常大的洞 a great many  非常多 2  important, pre-eminent; worthy or most worthy of consideration 重要的，显著的，值得注意的  the great thing is not to get caught  重要的是不要被抓住 3  grand, imposing 雄伟的，堂皇的，壮丽的  a great occasion  节日；盛典；重大时机 the great hall  大会堂 4  a (esp. of a public or historic figure) distinguished; prominent (尤指公众或历史人物)杰出的；卓越的，突出的b (作 the Great)  as a title denoting the most important of the name 作为突出伟人重要地位的称号  Alfred the Great  艾尔弗雷德大帝 5  a (of a person) remarkable in ability, character, achievement, etc. (指人)伟大的，杰出的  great men  伟人 a great thinker  伟大的思想家b (of a thing) outstanding of its kind (指事)为人瞩目的，突出的；格外的  the Great Fire  伦敦大火 6 (foll. by 后跟 at, on)  competent, skilled, well informed 擅长的，熟练的；熟悉的 7  fully deserving the name of; doing a thing habitually or extensively 名副其实的，真正的  a great reader  博览群书的人 a great believer in tolerance  惯于妥协的人 not a great one for travelling  很少出游 8 (also 亦作 greater)  the larger of the name, species, etc. 用以指称两类、两种生物等之间较大者  great auk  大海鸦，大海雀 greater celandine  白屈菜 9 (作 Greater) (of a city etc.) including adjacent urban areas (指城市)包括毗连市区的  Greater Manchester  大曼彻斯特市 10 colloq. [口]  a  very enjoyable or satisfactory; attractive, fine 非常愉快的(或令人满意的)；有吸引力的，好的  had a great time  玩儿得很痛快 it would be great if we won  要是我们赢了就太棒了b (as an exclamation) fine, very good (作为感叹词)很好，非常好 11 (in comb. 用于复合词) (in names of family relationships) denoting one degree further removed upwards or downwards (用于表示亲属关系的名称前)以示更高或更低一辈的亲属关系  great-uncle  伯祖，叔祖，舅公，叔公，姨公 great-great-grandmother  曾曾祖母 ●n.  1  a great or outstanding person or thing 大师，名家；大事，要事 2 (in pl. 用复数) (作 Greats) colloq. [口]  = LITERAE HUMANIORES  ●adv. colloq.  excellently, well, successfully [口]卓越地，杰出地；满意地；成功地 □ great and small   all classes or types 上下贵贱，社会各个阶层□ the great and the good  often iron.  distinguished and worthy people [常讽]知名人士□ to a great extent   largely 在很大程度上，主要地□ greatness  n.   [Old English grēat, from West Germanic]

great ape n.  any of the large apes of the family Pongidae, closely related to humans, including the gorilla, orang-utan, and chimpanzee 类人猿(灵长目猩猩科和长臂猿科动物的总称，包括大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩和长臂猿等)

great auk n.  an extinct flightless auk, Alca impennis 大海鸦，大海雀，大海鸟(已灭绝)

great-aunt n.  a parent's aunt 姑(姨)婆，姑(姨)奶奶，姑(姨)姥姥

Great Bear n. Astron. 【天】  = URSA MAJOR 

Great Britain n.  England, Wales, and Scotland 大不列颠(包括英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰)

Great Charter n.  = MAGNA CARTA 

great circle n.  any circle on the surface of a sphere which lies in a plane passing through the sphere's centre, and represents the shortest distance between any two points on the circle 大圆(球体被通过球心的直径所截得的圆)

greatcoat /ˈɡreitkəʊt/ n.  a long heavy overcoat 厚大衣，外套

great crested grebe n.  a large Old World grebe, Podiceps cristatus, with a crest and ear-tufts 凤头

Great Dane n.  1  a dog of a very large short-haired breed 丹麦猛犬，丹麦种大猎犬 2  this breed 丹麦猛犬种

great deal  see 见 DEAL1 n. 1 

Great Divide n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the boundary between life and death 生死分界线 2 (usu. 通常作 great divide) joc. or literary  the boundary between two contrasting conditions, cultures, etc. [诙] [文学用语] (两种截然不同的情况或文化等之间的)分界线，分水岭

Greater Bairam n.  an annual Muslim festival at the end of the Islamic year (伊斯兰教的)大拜兰节

great-grandchild n.  a grandchild's son or daughter 曾孙，曾孙女，曾外孙，曾外孙女

great-granddaughter n.  a grandchild's daughter 曾孙女，曾外孙女

great-grandfather n.  a grandparent's father 曾祖父；外曾祖父

great-grandmother n.  a grandparent's mother 曾祖母；外曾祖母

great-grandparent n.  a grandparent's parent 曾祖父，曾祖母，外曾祖父，外曾祖母

great-grandson n.  a grandchild's son 曾孙，曾外孙

great-hearted adj.  magnanimous; having a noble or generous mind 宽宏大量的；高尚的，有雅量的 □ great-heartedness  n.  

Great Lakes n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario, along the boundary of the US and Canada 五大湖(美国与加拿大之间的苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖、伊利湖和安大略湖)

greatly /ˈɡreitli/ adv.  by a considerable amount; much 大量的；很，非常  greatly admired  非常受尊敬 greatly superior  十分优秀

great majority n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  much the greater number 绝大多数 2 euphem.  the dead [婉]逝者  has joined the great majority  已经死去了

great-nephew n.  a nephew's or niece's son 侄孙，侄外孙，甥孙，甥外孙

great-niece n.  a nephew's or niece's daughter 侄孙女，侄外孙女，甥孙女，甥外孙女

great northern diver n.  a diving seabird, Gavia immer, of the northern hemisphere 白嘴潜鸟(产于北半球)

great organ n.  the chief manual in a large organ, with its related pipes and mechanism (管风琴的)主要键盘和管子

Great Russian n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  a Russian 大俄罗斯人 2  the Russian language 俄语 ●adj.  Russian 大俄罗斯人的；俄语的

Great Sandy /ˈsændi/ n.  大沙沙漠 [澳大利亚]

Great Seal n. (in the UK) the seal in the charge of the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper used in sealing important state papers (英国)国玺(由大法官或掌玺大臣负责)

great tit n.  a Eurasian songbird, Parus major, with black and white head markings 大山雀(长有黑白色顶羽)

great toe n. esp. Brit.  the big toe [尤英]大脚指

great-uncle n.  a parent's uncle 伯祖，叔祖，舅公，姑公，姨公

great unwashed n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the rabble [口]乌合之众；下层阶级的人民

Great Victoria /vikˈtɔ:riə/ n.  维多利亚大沙漠 [澳大利亚]

Great War n.  the First World War (1914 － 18) 第一次世界大战 (1914 至 1918 年)

great wen n. (prec. by 前接 the)  London 伦敦

greave /ɡri:v/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of armour for the shin 护胫套 [Middle English from Old French greve ‘shin, greave’, of unknown origin]

grebe /ɡri:b/ n.  any diving bird of the family Podicipedidae, with a long neck, lobed toes, and almost no tail (长颈，无蹼，短尾) [French grèbe, of unknown origin]

grebo /ˈɡri:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a British urban youth cult favouring heavy metal and punk rock music, long hair, and an antisocial manner 推崇重金属乐和朋克摇滚乐并以蓄长发和反社会态度为荣的英国城市青年 2  a member of this 此类年轻人 [perhaps from GREASER + -bo on the pattern of dumbo etc.]

Grecian /ˈɡri:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. (of architecture or facial outline) following Greek models or ideals (指建筑或容貌)带有古希腊艺术或文化的 [Old French grecien or medieval Latin, from Latin Graecia ‘Greece’]

Grecian nose n.  a straight nose that continues the line of the forehead without a dip 希腊式鼻子，悬胆鼻(鼻梁笔直的鼻子)

Grecism var.  of GRAECISM  GRAECISM 的变体

Grecize var.  of GRAECIZE  GRAECIZE 的变体

Greco- var.  of GRAECO-  GRAECO- 的变体

Greece   希腊

greed /ɡri:d/ n.  intense or excessive desire, esp. for food or wealth (尤指对食品或财富的)贪婪，贪心，贪吃 [back-formation from GREEDY]

greedy /ˈɡri:di/ adj. (greedier, greediest)  1  having or showing an excessive appetite for food or drink 贪吃的；贪心的；贪婪的 2  wanting wealth or pleasure to excess 对财富和享受过分追求的 3 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  very keen or eager; needing intensely 热切的；渴望的  greedy for affection  渴望爱 greedy to learn  渴望学习 □ greedily  adv.  □ greediness  n.   [Old English grœˉdig, from Germanic]

Greek /ɡri:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of modern Greece; a person of Greek descent 希腊人；有希腊血统的人b  a native or citizen of any of the ancient states of Greece 古希腊人 2  the Indo-European language of Greece 希腊语 ●adj.  of Greece or its people or language; Hellenic 希腊的；希腊人的；希腊语的 □ Greek to me  colloq.  incomprehensible to me [口]全然不懂，一窍不通□ Greekness  n.   [Old English Grēcas (pl.) via Germanic and Latin Graecus ‘Greek’ from Greek Graikoi, according to Aristotle the prehistoric name of the Hellenes]

Greek Church n. (also 亦作 Greek Orthodox Church)  the Orthodox Church, esp. the national Church of Greece 希腊东正教会(尤指希腊国教)

Greek cross n.  a cross with four equal arms (四臂一样长的)希腊式十字架

Greek fire n. hist.  a combustible composition for igniting enemy ships etc. [史义] (从前海战时所用点燃敌船的燃烧物)希腊火

green /ɡri:n/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of the colour between blue and yellow in the spectrum; coloured like grass, emeralds, etc. 绿色的，青色的 2  a  covered with leaves or grass 长着树叶或青草的b  mild and without snow 温暖并无雪的  a green Christmas  温暖无雪的圣诞节 3 (of fruit etc. or wood) unripe or unseasoned (指水果等或木头)未熟的；未干燥的，潮的 4  not dried, smoked, or tanned 未干的；未熏黑的；未晒黑的 5  inexperienced, naive, gullible 无经验的；天真的；易受愚弄的 6  a (of the complexion) pale, sickly-hued (指面色)苍白，带病容b  jealous, envious 嫉妒 7  young, flourishing 青春的，健壮而活跃的 8  not withered or worn out 新的，新鲜的，活生生的  a green old age  老当益壮 9 (also 亦作 Green)  concerned with or supporting protection of the environment as a political principle 绿党(以保护环境为其政治纲领的党) 10 archaic  fresh; not healed [古义]新鲜的；未痊愈的  a green wound  未愈合的伤口 ●n.  1  a green colour or pigment 绿色；绿颜料 2  green clothes or material 绿色衣服(或材料)  dressed in green  身着绿色 3  a  a piece of public or common grassy land (公有的或共有的)绿地(或草地)  village green  村中心的公共草地b  a grassy area used for a special purpose (用于特殊目的)绿地  putting green  高尔夫球的轻击区 bowling green  草地保龄球场c Golf  a putting green 【高尔夫球】轻击区d Golf  a fairway 【高尔夫球】(高尔夫球场上的)平坦球道(球座和草坪间剪平的草地) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  green vegetables 绿色蔬菜 5  vigour, youth, virility 精力，朝气，青春，活力  in the green  血气方刚的，少壮时代的 6  a green light (交通信号)绿灯；放行，准许 7  a green ball, piece, etc., in a game or sport (游戏或运动中)绿色的球(或块等) 8 (also 亦作 Green)  a member or supporter of an environmentalist group or party 绿党党员或支持者 9 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  sexual intercourse [英] [俚语]性交 10 slang  low-grade marijuana [俚语]低级大麻 11 slang  money [俚语]钱，钞票 12  green foliage or growing plants 绿叶；绿色植物 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become green (使)成为绿色，绿化 2 tr. slang  hoax; take in [俚语]欺骗；使上当 □ green in a person's eye   a sign of gullibility 易上当受骗的迹象  do you see any green in my eye?  你以为能骗得了我吗？□ greenish  adj.  □ greenly  adv.  □ greenness  /ˈɡri:nnis/ n.   [Old English grēne (adj. & n.), grēnian (v.), from Germanic: related to GRASS, GROW]

greenback /ˈɡri:nbæk/ n.  1 US  a US legal-tender note; the US dollar [美]美国法定货币；美钞 2  any of various green-backed animals 绿背动物

green belt n.  an area of open land round a city, on which building is restricted (环城)绿化地带

Green Beret n. colloq.  a British or American commando [口]“绿色贝雷帽”(指英国突击队成员或美国特种部队成员)

greenbottle /ˈɡri:nbɒt(ə)l/ n.  any fly of the genus Lucilia, esp. L. sericata which lays eggs in the flesh of sheep 叉叶绿蝇(产卵于羊体内)

green card n.  1 Brit.  an international insurance document for motorists [英]绿色保险证，汽车国外事故保险证 2 US  a permit allowing a foreign national to live and work permanently in the US [美]绿卡(指允许外国人在美国永久居住与工作的许可证)

green cheese n.  1  cheese coloured green with sage 用鼠尾草染成绿色的干酪 2  whey cheese 乳清干酪 3  unripened cheese 未酿制成熟的干酪

Green Cloth n. (in full 全称 Board of Green Cloth) (in the UK) the Lord Steward's department of the Royal Household (英国)王室总管室，王室会计和伙食总管室

green crop n. Brit.  a crop used as fodder in a green state rather than as hay etc. [英]青饲料作物

green drake n. Brit.  the common mayfly [英]蜉蝣

green earth n.  a hydrous silicate of potassium, iron, and other metals 海绿石砂

greenery /ˈɡri:n(ə)ri/ n.  green foliage or growing plants 绿叶；绿色植物

green-eyed adj.  jealous 嫉妒的，妒忌的

green-eyed monster n. (prec. by 前接 the)  jealousy 嫉妒，妒忌

green fat n.  part of a turtle, highly regarded by gourmets (为美食家所极为推崇的)龟体的一部分

green fee n. Golf (US also [美亦] greens fee)  a charge for playing one round or session on a course 【高尔夫球】(打一场球交纳的)场地租费

greenfeed /ˈɡri:nfi:d/ n. Austral. & NZ  forage grown to be fed fresh to livestock [澳新]青绿饲料

greenfield /ˈɡri:nfi:ld/ n. (作 attrib.) (of a site, in terms of its potential development) having no previous building development on it (从一地区的潜在发展角度)无建筑物的新地皮；未开发的地区

greenfinch /ˈɡri:nfin(t)ʃ/ n.  a finch, Carduelis chloris, with green and yellow plumage 绿金翅，绿黄色雀科鸣鸟

green fingers n. pl. Brit.  skill in growing plants [英]园艺技能 □ green-fingered  adj.  

greenfly /ˈɡri:nflai/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -flies) Brit.  a green aphid [英]绿色蚜虫

greengage /ˈɡri:nɡeidʒ/ n.  a roundish green fine-flavoured variety of plum 青梅子，青李子 [named after Sir W. Gage d. 1727]

green goose n.  a goose killed under four months old and eaten without stuffing (不满 4 个月宰杀，烹饪时不加填馅的)仔鹅，嫰鹅

greengrocer /ˈɡri:nɡrəʊsə/ n. Brit.  a retailer of fruit and vegetables [英]蔬菜水果商人，果菜商

greengrocery /ˈɡri:nɡrəʊs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1  the business of a greengrocer 蔬菜水果业，蔬菜水果店 2  goods sold by a greengrocer 蔬菜水果

greenhead /ˈɡri:nhed/ n.  1  any biting fly of the genus Chrysops 虻 2  an Australian ant, Chalcoponera metallica, with a painful sting 澳洲绿头螯蚁(螫人极痛)

greenheart /ˈɡri:nhɑ:t/ n.  1  a tropical American evergreen tree, Ocotea rodiaei (laurel family) (产于热带南美洲的)绿心奥蔻梯木 2  the hard greenish wood of this 绿心奥蔻梯木的木材

greenhorn /ˈɡri:nhɔ:n/ n.  an inexperienced or foolish person; a new recruit 无经验易受骗的人，涉世不深的人

greenhouse /ˈɡri:nhaʊs/ n.  a light structure with the sides and roof mainly of glass, for rearing delicate plants or hastening the growth of plants 温室，暖房

greenhouse effect n.  the trapping of the sun's warmth in the lower atmosphere caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases more transparent to incoming solar radiation than to reflected infrared radiation 温室效应(地球大气层逐渐变暖，被认为是空气中二氧化碳增加所致)

greenhouse gas n.  any of various gases, esp. carbon dioxide, that contribute to the greenhouse effect. 能够促成温室效应的气体(尤指二氧化碳)

greenie /ˈɡri:ni/ n. colloq.  a person concerned about environmental issues [口]环保主义者

greening1 /ˈɡri:niŋ/ n.  1  the process or result of making something green, or becoming green 绿化；使变绿 2  the planting of trees etc. in urban or desert areas 植树，绿化大地 3  the process of becoming or making aware of or sensitive to ecological issues (使)对生态环境加强意识

greening2 /ˈɡri:niŋ/ n.  a variety of apple that is green when ripe 青苹果(成熟时果皮为绿色) [probably from Middle Dutch groeninc (as GREEN)]

greenkeeper /ˈɡri:nki:pə/ n. (US also [美亦] greenskeeper /ˈɡri:nzki:pə/)  the keeper of a golf course 高尔夫球场看守人

Greenland /ˈgri:nlənd/ n.  格陵兰岛(属丹麦) [北美洲东北]

green leek n. Austral.  any of various green or mainly green parrots [澳]绿鹦鹉

greenlet /ˈɡri:nlit/ n.  = VIREO 

green light n.  1  a green light used as a signal to proceed on a road, railway, etc. 交通绿灯 2 colloq.  permission to go ahead with a project [口]放行，许可

green linnet n.  = GREENFINCH 

greenmail /ˈɡri:nmeil/ n. Stock Exch.  the practice of buying enough shares in a company to threaten a takeover, thereby forcing the others to buy them back at a higher price in order to retain control of the business 【股】绿票讹诈(通过购买足够数量的股票来威胁收购公司，以此迫使对方以更高价格买回以保持对公司的控制权) □ greenmailer  n.   [GREEN + BLACKMAIL]

green man n.  1 colloq.  a symbol of a human figure illuminated green at a pedestrian crossing to indicate a time to cross [口]指示行人可以通过的绿色人形交通信号灯 2 esp. hist.  a man dressed up in greenery to represent a wild man of the woods or seasonal fertility Cf. 参见 LITTLE GREEN MAN [尤史义]身着树叶象征野人或丰收季节的人

green manure n.  growing plants ploughed into the soil as fertilizer 绿肥作物，绿肥

Green Paper n. (in the UK) a preliminary report of Government proposals, for discussion (英国)绿皮书(供讨论用的政府初步文件)

green pepper n.  the unripe fruit of Capsicum annuum 灯笼椒，甜菜椒，青椒

green plover n.  a lapwing 田凫

green pound n.  the exchange rate for the pound for payments for agricultural produce in the EEC 绿色英镑(指欧洲经济共同体内部为计算农产品价格而规定的高汇率英镑)

green revolution n.  1  an increase in crop production, esp. in developing countries, achieved by using artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties 绿色革命(尤指在发展中国家由于化肥、杀虫剂的使用以及高产作物的种植而引起收成的极大增长) 2  a rise of environmental concern in industrialized countries 绿色革命(工业化国家中环境保护意识的提高)

green room n.  a room in a theatre, studio, etc. in which performers may relax when they are not on stage, on the air, etc. 演员休息室

greensand /ˈɡri:nsænd/ n.  1  a greenish kind of sandstone, often imperfectly consolidated 海绿砂石，湿砂 2  a stratum largely formed of this sandstone 海绿砂石层

greens fee US var.  of GREEN FEE [美] GREEN FEE 的变体

greenshank /ˈɡri:nʃæŋk/ n.  a large sandpiper, Tringa nebularia, with greenish legs, breeding in northern Eurasia 青足鹬(一种大型矶鹬，腿绿色)

green shoots n. pl.  signs of growth or renewal, esp. of economic recovery (尤指经济恢复期的)增长迹象；恢复迹象

greensick /ˈɡri:nsik/ adj.  affected with chlorosis 患萎黄病的，患绿色贫血的，患萎黄病贫血的 □ greensickness  n.  

greenskeeper US var.  of GREENKEEPER [美] GREENKEEPER 的变体

green-stick fracture n.  a bone-fracture, esp. in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and one only bent (尤指儿童的)半骨折；骨裂

greenstone /ˈɡri:nstəʊn/ n.  1  a greenish igneous rock containing feldspar and hornblende 绿岩(一种淡绿色火成岩，含有长石和角闪石) 2  a variety of jade found in New Zealand, used for tools, ornaments, etc. 新西兰产的软玉(可用于做工具、装饰品等)

greenstuff /ˈɡri:nstʌf/ n.  vegetation; green vegetables 蔬菜；绿色蔬菜

greensward /ˈɡri:nswɔ:d/ n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  grassy turf 草皮 2  an expanse of this 草地

green tea n.  tea made from steam-dried, not fermented, leaves 绿茶

green thumb n.  = GREEN FINGERS 

green turtle n.  a green-shelled sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, highly regarded as food 绿甲海龟(可食用)

green vitriol n.  = COPPERAS 

greenweed  see 见 DYER'S GREENWEED 

Greenwich Mean Time /ˈɡrenitʃ, ˈɡrinidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 Greenwich Time)  the local time on the meridian of Greenwich, used as an international basis of time-reckoning 格林尼治平均时(世界标准时) [Greenwich in London, former site of the Royal Observatory]

greenwood /ˈɡri:nwʊd/ n.  a woodland in summer, esp. as the scene of outlaw life (夏天的)绿色森林，(尤指古时落草者的)绿林

green woodpecker n.  a large green and yellow European woodpecker, Picus viridis, with a red crown (大型黄绿色欧洲)绿啄木鸟(长有红色顶冠)

greeny /ˈɡri:ni/ adj.  greenish 呈绿色的  greeny yellow  黄绿色

greenyard /ˈɡri:njɑ:d/ n. Brit.  an enclosure for stray animals, a pound [英]走失牲畜待领场，兽栏

greet1 /ɡri:t/ v. tr.  1  address politely or welcomingly on meeting or arrival 问候，迎送，招呼，致意 2  receive or acknowledge in a specified way 接受(或做出)某种反应  was greeted with derision  受到嘲弄 3 (of a sight, sound, etc.) become apparent to or noticed by (景象、声音等)呈现；被注意到 □ greeter  n.   [Old English grētan ‘handle, attack, salute’, from West Germanic]

greet2 /ɡri:t/ v. intr. Sc.  weep [苏格兰]流泪，哭泣 [Old English grētan, grēotan, of uncertain origin]

greeting /ˈɡri:tiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of welcoming or addressing politely 问候，欢迎，招呼 2  words, gestures, etc., used to greet a person 致辞，欢迎词，招呼 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  an expression of goodwill 问候词，祝愿词

greetings card n. (US [美] greeting card)  a decorative card sent to convey greetings 贺卡

Greg /greg/   格雷格 [人名]

gregarious /ɡriˈɡɛəriəs/ adj.  1  fond of company 爱交际的，合群的 2  living in flocks or communities 群居的 3  growing in clusters 聚生的 □ gregariously  adv.  □ gregariousness  n.   [Latin gregarius from grex gregis ‘flock’]

Gregorian calendar /ɡriˈɡɔ:riən/ n.  the calendar introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, as a modification of the Julian calendar 阳历；格列高利历(由教皇格列高利十三世提倡，至今通用的历法)

Gregorian chant /ɡriˈɡɔ:riən/ n.  plainsong church music, named after Pope Gregory I 格列高利圣颂(以教皇格列高利一世之名命名的中世纪圣歌)

Gregorian telescope /ɡriˈɡɔ:riən/ n.  a reflecting telescope in which light reflected from a concave elliptical secondary mirror passes through a hole in the primary mirror 反射望远镜 [named after J. Gregory, Scots mathematician (d. 1675), who devised it]

Gregory /ˈgregəri/   格雷戈里 [人名]

Gregory powder /ˈɡreɡ(ə)ri/ n. hist.  a compound powder of rhubarb, magnesia, and ginger, used as a laxative [史义]复方大黄散(以大黄为主的泻药，并掺有氧化镁、姜等) [named after J. Gregory, Scots physician d. 1822]

gremlin /ˈɡremlin/ n. colloq. [口]  1  an imaginary mischievous sprite regarded as responsible for mechanical faults, esp. in aircraft (虚构的，常和飞机捣乱的)小妖精 2  any similar cause of trouble (使事情不能顺利进行的)小捣蛋鬼 [20th c.: origin unknown, but probably suggested by goblin]

Grenada   格林纳达

grenade /ɡrəˈneid/ n.  1  a small bomb thrown by hand (in full 全称 hand grenade) or launched mechanically 手榴弹；枪榴弹 2  a glass receptacle containing chemicals which disperse on impact, for testing drains, extinguishing fires, etc. 玻璃容器(内装化学药品，可用于检查排水系统，灭火等) [French, from Old French grenate and Spanish granada POMEGRANATE]

Grenadian /greˈneidən/ adj. & n.  格林纳达的(人)

grenadier /ɡrenəˈdiə/ n.  1  a Brit. [英] (Grenadiers or Grenadier Guards)  the first regiment of the royal household infantry 英国近卫步兵第一团b hist.  a soldier armed with grenades [史义]掷弹兵 2  any deep-sea fish of the family Macrouridae, with a long tapering body and pointed tail, and secreting luminous bacteria when disturbed 长尾鳕科深海鱼(体细长而尾尖，受骚扰时会分泌出发光菌) [French (as GRENADE)]

grenadilla /ɡrenəˈdilə/ n. (also 亦作 granadilla /ɡræn-/)  a passion fruit 鸡蛋果，大果西番莲 [Spanish granadilla, diminutive of granada POMEGRANATE]

grenadine1 /ˈɡrenədi:n/ n.  a French cordial syrup of pomegranates (一种法式调酒用的)石榴汁糖浆 [French from grenade: see GRENADE]

grenadine2 /ˈɡrenədi:n/ n.  a dress fabric of loosely woven silk or silk and wool 丝毛合织薄布料 [French, earlier grenade ‘grained silk’ from grenu ‘grained’]

Gresham's law /ˈɡreʃ(ə)mz/ n.  the tendency for money of lower intrinsic value to circulate more freely than money of higher intrinsic and equal nominal value 葛式定律(劣币驱逐良币法则，实际价值高的良币被实际价值低的劣币排挤掉) [named after Sir T. Gresham, English financier d. 1579]

gressorial /ɡreˈsɔ:riəl/ adj. Zool. 【动】  1  walking 步行的 2  adapted for walking 适于步行的 [modern Latin gressorius from Latin gradi gress- ‘walk’]

grew past  of GROW  

grey /ɡrei/ adj., n. & v. (US [美] gray) ●adj.  1  of a colour intermediate between black and white, as of ashes or lead 灰色的；灰白的 2  a (of the weather etc.) dull, dismal; heavily overcast (天气等)灰暗的；阴沉沉的b  bleak, depressing; (of a person) depressed 阴冷的，黯淡的，令人沮丧的；(指人)抑郁的 3  a (of hair) turning white with age etc. (指头发因年老而)呈灰白色的b (of a person) having grey hair (指人)有灰白色头发的 4  anonymous, nondescript, unidentifiable 无特色的，不可名状的，无法识别的 ●n.  1  a  a grey colour or pigment 灰色；灰色染料b  grey clothes or material 灰色衣服或材料  dressed in grey  身着灰色 2  a cold sunless light 阴冷的光 3  a grey or white horse 灰色或白色的马 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become grey (使)变成灰色 □ greyish  adj.  □ greyly  adv.  □ greyness  n.   [Old English grœˉg, from Germanic]

grey area n.  1  an ill-defined situation, field, etc., not readily conforming to a category or to an existing set of rules 灰色区域(不易归类故难以处理的情况、方面等) 2 Brit.  an area in economic decline [英]次贫地区(指遭受经济滑坡的地区)

greybeard /ˈɡreibiəd/ n. (US [美] graybeard)  1  an old man 白胡子老人，老年人 2  a large stoneware jug for spirits 石制大酒壶 3 dial. [方]  = OLD MAN'S BEARD 

grey economy n.  the part of the economy conducted by means of informal commercial activity and not accounted for in official statistics 灰色经济(指在不正规经济活动范围内进行的并未被纳入官方统计的经济部分)

grey eminence n.  = ÉMINENCE GRISE 

Grey Friar n.  a Franciscan friar 灰衣修士，方济各会修士 [from the colour of the Order's habit]

grey goose n.  any goose of the genus Anser, with mainly grey plumage, esp. the greylag 灰雁

greyhen /ˈɡreihen/ n.  the female of the black grouse (cf. 参见 BLACKCOCK) 雌黑琴鸡

greyhound /ˈɡreihaʊnd/ n.  1  a dog of a tall slender breed having keen sight and capable of high speed, used in racing and coursing 一种身细腿长、奔跑速度极快、用来赛狗和追踪的猎犬 2  this breed 此类猎犬种 [Old English grīghund from the Germanic base also of Old Norse grey ‘bitch’ + hund ‘dog’, related to HOUND]

greylag /ˈɡreilæɡ/ n. (in full 全称 greylag goose)  a wild goose, Anser anser, native to Europe 灰雁(产于欧洲的一种野雁) [18th c.: probably GREY + obsolete dialect lag ‘goose’]

grey market n.  unofficial trade esp. in unissued shares or in controlled or scarce goods 灰市(未发行的股票、控制商品或短缺商品的非正式交易)

grey matter n.  1  the darker tissues of the brain and spinal cord consisting of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites (cf. 参见 WHITE MATTER) (大脑中枢神经系统的)灰质，灰白质 2 colloq.  intelligence [口]智力，脑筋，头脑

grey mullet n.  any mullet of the family Mugilidae, usu. found near coasts and having a thick body and blunt head, and often used as food 鲻鱼(常游于近海区域，体胖，头钝，可食用)

grey seal n.  a common large seal, Halichoerus grypus, of the N. Atlantic 灰海豹(北大西洋的一种常见大海豹)

grey squirrel n.  an American squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis, introduced in Europe in the 19th c. 灰松鼠(原产于美国并于 19 世纪引入欧洲)

greywacke /ˈɡreiwækə/ n. (US [美] graywacke) Geol.  a dark coarse-grained sandstone, usu. with an admixture of clay 【地质】硬砂岩，杂砂岩 [Anglicized from German Grauwacke, from grau ‘grey’: see WACKE]

grid /ɡrid/ n.  1  a framework of spaced parallel bars; a grating 格子；栅栏 2  a system of numbered squares printed on a map and forming the basis of map references (地图上的)坐标方格 3  a network of lines, electric power connections, gas-supply lines, etc. 输电网；煤气输送网 4  a pattern of lines marking the starting places on a motor racing track 赛车跑道上的出发点 5  the wire network between the filament and the anode of a thermionic valve etc. 栅极 6  an arrangement of town streets in a rectangular pattern 棋盘式街道布局 □ gridded  adj.   [back-formation from GRIDIRON]

grid bias n. Electr.  a fixed voltage applied between the cathode and the control grid of a thermionic valve which determines its operating conditions 【电】栅偏压

griddle /ˈɡrid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circular iron plate placed over a fire or otherwise heated for baking, toasting, etc. (烤饼用的)烤盘 2 Brit.  a miner's wire-bottomed sieve [英] (选矿用的)筛子 ●v. tr.  1  cook with a griddle; grill 用烤盘烤，用烤架烤 2  sieve with a griddle 用筛子筛 [Middle English from Old French gredil, gridil ‘gridiron’, ultimately from Latin craticula, diminutive of cratis ‘hurdle’; cf. GRATE2, GRILL1]

gridiron /ˈɡridaiən/ n.  1  a cooking utensil of metal bars for broiling or grilling 烤架 2  a frame of parallel beams for supporting a ship in dock 格子船台，船架 3  an American football field (with parallel lines marking out the area of play) 美式橄榄球场 4 Theatr.  a plank structure over a stage supporting the mechanism for drop curtains etc. 【戏】(舞台上承受升降幕布装置的)梁格结构 5  = GRID 6  [Middle English gredire, variant of gredil GRIDDLE, later associated with IRON]

gridlock /ˈɡridlɒk/ n.  1  a traffic jam affecting a whole network of intersecting streets (棋盘式街道的)交通全面大堵塞 2  = DEADLOCKn. 1  □ gridlocked  adj.  

grief /ɡri:f/ n.  1  deep or intense sorrow or mourning 忧伤，悲伤 2  the cause of this 引起忧伤、悲伤的事；伤心事 3 colloq.  trouble; annoyance [口]麻烦；烦恼 □ come to grief   meet with disaster; fail 受伤害，受欺负；遭难；失败，出毛病□ good (or great) grief!   an exclamation of surprise, alarm, etc. 哎呀！ (表示惊讶、惊恐等的惊叹语) [Middle English from Anglo-French gref, Old French grief from grever GRIEVE1]

grievance /ˈɡri:v(ə)ns/ n.  a real or fancied cause for complaint 委屈，苦衷，牢骚，不满，怨恨 [Middle English, = injury, from Old French grevance (as GRIEF)]

grieve1 /ɡri:v/ v.  1 tr.  cause grief or great distress to 使(某人)悲痛 2 intr.  suffer grief, esp. at another's death (尤指因某人去世而)感到悲痛 □ griever  n.   [Middle English from Old French grever, ultimately via Latin gravare from gravis ‘heavy’]

grieve2 /ɡri:v/ n. Sc.  a farm bailiff; an overseer [苏格兰]农场管理者；监守者 [Old English grœˉfa: cf. REEVE1]

grievous /ˈɡri:vəs/ adj.  1 (of pain etc.) severe (指疼痛等)剧烈的 2  causing grief or suffering 令人伤心或痛苦的 3  injurious 造成伤害的；有害的 4  flagrant, heinous 恶名昭著的，可憎的 □ grievously  adv.  □ grievousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French grevos (as GRIEVE1)]

grievous bodily harm n.  serious mental or physical injury inflicted intentionally on a person 重伤，严重精神或身体伤害

griffin /ˈɡrifin/ n. (also 亦作 gryphon /-f(ə)n/)  a fabulous creature with an eagle's head and wings and a lion's body 狮身鹰首兽 [Middle English from Old French grifoun, ultimately via Late Latin gryphus and Latin gryps from Greek grups]

griffon /ˈɡrif(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a dog of a small terrier-like breed with coarse or smooth hair 布鲁塞尔小种犬b  this breed 布鲁塞尔小种犬种 2 (in full 全称 griffon vulture)  a large vulture, Gyps fulvus of Eurasia and N. Africa 秃鹫(产于欧亚大陆及北非) [French (in sense 1), or variant of GRIFFIN]

grift /ɡrift/ n. & v. US slang [美] [俚语] ●n.  = GRAFT2n.  ●v. intr.  = GRAFT2v.  □ grifter  n.   [perhaps alteration of GRAFT2]

grig /ɡriɡ/ n.  1  a small eel 小鳗 2  a grasshopper or cricket 蚱蜢；蟋蟀 □ merry (or lively) as a grig   full of fun; extravagantly lively 非常快活；充满活力 [Middle English, originally = dwarf: origin unknown]

Grignard reagent /ˈɡri:njɑ:, -jɑ:d/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic magnesium compounds used in organic syntheses 【化】格林亚试剂 [named after V. Grignard, French organic chemist d. 1935]

grike /ɡraik/ n. (also 亦作 gryke) Geol.  a fissure between clints in limestone, enlarged through erosion by rainwater 【地质】岩(溶)沟 [18th c. northern dialect: origin unknown]

grill1 /ɡril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Brit.  a device on a cooker for radiating heat downwards [英] (热力自上而下的)烤架b  = GRIDIRON 1  2  a dish of food cooked on a grill 一道烤制的菜 3 (in full 全称 grill room)  a restaurant serving grilled food 烤肉餐馆 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. Brit.  cook or be cooked under a grill or on a gridiron [英]烧烤，炙烤(食物) 2 tr. & intr.  subject or be subjected to extreme heat, esp. from the sun (使)暴露在高温下(尤指烈日下) 3 tr.  subject to severe questioning or interrogation 盘问；审问(某人) □ griller  n.  □ grilling  n. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)   [French gril (n.), griller (v.), from Old French forms of GRILLE]

grill2 var.  of GRILLE  GRILLE 的变体

grillage /ˈɡrilidʒ/ n.  a heavy framework of cross-timbering or metal beams forming a foundation for building on difficult ground (软地上做建筑物基础的)格排垛，格床 [French (as GRILLE)]

grille /ɡril/ n. (also 亦作 grill)  1  a grating or latticed screen, used as a partition or to allow discreet vision 格栅，隔板，格子窗 2  a metal grid, esp. for ventilation (用金属棒或金属丝做的)格栅，保护屏(尤指用于通风设备的)  radiator grille  暖气护栅 [French, via Old French graïlle from medieval Latin graticula, craticula: see GRIDDLE]

grill room  see 见 GRILL1 n. 3 

grilse /ɡrils/ n.  a young salmon that has returned to fresh water from the sea for the first time 幼鲑 [Middle English: origin unknown]

grim /ɡrim/ adj. (grimmer, grimmest)  1  of a stern or forbidding appearance 非常严肃的；无笑容的 2  harsh, merciless, severe 严酷的；无情的；严厉的 3  ghastly, joyless, sinister 令人反感的；不快乐的，忧郁的；不祥的  has a grim truth in it  这就是冷酷的事实 4  unpleasant, unattractive 令人不愉快的；无吸引力的 □ like grim death   with great determination 坚持不懈□ grimly  adv.  □ grimness  n.   [Old English from Germanic]

grimace /ɡriˈmeis, ˈɡriməs/ n. & v. ●n.  a distortion of the face made in disgust etc. or to amuse (表示痛苦、厌恶等或欲引人发笑的)怪相，鬼脸 ●v. intr.  make a grimace 做鬼脸，拌怪相 □ grimacer  n.   [French from Spanish grimazo, from grima ‘fright’]

grimalkin /ɡriˈmælkin, -ˈmɔ:l-/ n. archaic [古义]  1  an old she-cat 老雌猫 2  a spiteful old woman 心毒的老太婆 [GREY + Malkin, diminutive of the name Matilda]

grime /ɡraim/ n. & v. ●n.  soot or dirt ingrained in a surface, esp. of buildings or the skin (尤指建筑物或皮肤表面上的一层)烟尘；尘垢；污垢 ●v. tr.  blacken with grime; befoul 被烟尘弄黑；弄脏 [originally as a verb: from Middle Low German & Middle Dutch]

grimy /ˈɡraimi/ adj. (grimier, grimiest)  covered with grime; dirty 蒙满烟尘(或污垢)的；脏的 □ grimily  adv.  □ griminess  n.  

grin /ɡrin/ v. & n. ●v. (grinned, grinning)  1 intr.  smile broadly, esp. in an unrestrained, forced, or stupid manner (尤指不能控制地、勉强地或愚蠢地)露齿而笑 2 tr.  express by grinning 咧嘴笑着表示(某事)  grinned his satisfaction  他咧嘴一笑表示满意 ●n.  the act or action of grinning 露齿的笑；咧嘴的笑；龇着牙的笑 □ grin and bear it   take pain or misfortune stoically 苦笑着忍受，逆来顺受□ grinner  n.  □ grinningly  adv.   [Old English grennian, from Germanic]

grind /ɡraind/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. ground /ɡraʊnd/)  1  a tr.  reduce to small particles or powder by crushing esp. by passing through a mill 磨碎；磨成粉状；碾碎(尤指用碾磨机)b intr. (of a mill, machine, etc.) move with a crushing action (指磨、机器等)摩擦得嘎嘎响 2  a tr.  reduce, sharpen, or smooth by friction 磨薄，磨快，磨光b tr. & intr.  rub or rub together gratingly 吱嘎吱嘎地擦  grind one's teeth  磨牙齿；咬牙切齿 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  oppress, wear down; harass with exactions 压迫，压榨；折磨  grinding poverty  贫困不堪 4 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  work or study hard 刻苦工作(或学习)b (foll. by 后跟 out)  produce with effort 费力地做出  grinding out verses  冥思苦想地写诗c (foll. by 后跟 on) (of a sound) continue gratingly or monotonously (指声音)持续地发出刺耳或单调的响声 5 tr.  turn the handle of (a barrel organ etc.) 摇动(手摇风琴等的)摇柄 6 intr. slang (of a dancer) rotate the hips [俚语] (指舞蹈者)扭摆臀部 7 intr. Brit. coarse slang  have sexual intercourse [英] [粗俗俚语]发生性交 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of grinding 磨；碾 2 colloq.  hard dull work; a laborious task [口]艰苦而令人厌倦的工作；艰难费力的工作  the daily grind  辛苦、单调的日常工作 3  the size of ground particles 磨细的程度 4 slang  a dancer's rotary movement of the hips [俚语]舞蹈者扭动臀部的舞姿 5 Brit. coarse slang  an act of sexual intercourse [英] [粗俗俚语]性交 □ grind to a halt   stop laboriously 吃力地停下□ grindingly  adv.   [Old English grindan, of unknown origin]

grinder /ˈɡraində/ n.  1  a person or thing that grinds, esp. a machine 研磨之人或物(尤指机器) often in comb. 常用于复合词 : coffee grinder  磨咖啡机 organ-grinder  演奏手摇风琴的人 2  a molar tooth 臼齿，磨牙

grindstone /ˈɡrain(d)stəʊn/ n.  1  a thick revolving disc used for grinding, sharpening, and polishing 磨石；砂轮 2  a kind of stone used for this 石磨 □ keep one's nose to the grindstone   work hard and continuously 一刻不停地埋头辛苦工作

gringo /ˈɡriŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a foreigner, esp. a British or N. American person, in a Spanish-speaking country [口]外国佬(尤指在西班牙语国家的英国人和美国人) [Spanish, = gibberish]

grip /ɡrip/ v. & n. ●v. (gripped, gripping)  1  a tr.  grasp tightly; take a firm hold of 抓紧；抓牢b intr.  take a firm hold, esp. by friction 紧握(尤指用拳头) 2 tr. (of a feeling or emotion) deeply affect (a person) (指感情或情感)深深打动或震动(某人)  was gripped by fear  完全被恐惧所控制 3 tr.  compel the attention or interest of 引起注意或激发起兴趣  a gripping story  扣人心弦的故事 ●n.  1  a  a firm hold; a tight grasp or clasp 紧握；抓牢b  a manner of grasping or holding 握法 2  the power of holding attention 吸引力 3  a  mental or intellectual understanding or mastery 理解力b  effective control of a situation or one's behaviour etc. 控制，掌握或支配(局势或自己的行为)  lose one's grip  放手；失控 4  a  a part of a machine that grips or holds something (机器的)把手，柄b  a part or attachment by which a tool, implement, weapon, etc., is held in the hand 把手 5  = HAIRGRIP  6  a travelling bag 旅行包，手提包 7  an assistant in a theatre, film studio, etc. 道具(或布景)管理员 8 Austral. slang  a job or occupation [澳] [俚语]职业；工作 □ come (or get) to grips with   approach purposefully; begin to deal with or understand 有目的地处理；(开始)对付(或理解)□ get a grip   1 (foll. by 后跟 on)  = come to grips with  2 (in full 全称 get a grip on oneself)  control or discipline oneself 恢复自制力并改进行为□ in the grip of   dominated or affected by (esp. an adverse circumstance or unpleasant sensation) 被支配(尤指不利的环境或不快的感觉)□ gripper  n.  □ grippingly  adv.  □ grippy  adj.   [Old English gripe, gripa ‘handful’ (as GRIPE)]

gripe /ɡraip/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. colloq.  complain, esp. peevishly [口] (尤指带怒气地)诉苦，发牢骚 2 tr.  affect with gastric or intestinal pain 感到或引起胃痛或肠痛 3 tr. archaic  clutch, grip [古义]紧抓；紧握 4 Naut. 【海】  a tr.  secure with gripes 用绊带系牢b intr.  turn to face the wind in spite of the helm 偏航 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  gastric or intestinal pain; colic 肠痛，胃痛 2 colloq. [口]  a  a complaint 牢骚，抱怨b  the act of griping 发牢骚 3  a grip or clutch 紧握；抓牢 4 (in pl. 用复数) Naut.  lashings securing a boat in its place 【海】(船上的)绑绳，系索 □ griper  n.  □ gripingly  adv.   [Old English grīpan from Germanic: related to GROPE]

gripe water n. Brit. propr.  a carminative solution to relieve colic and stomach ailments in infants [英] [商标]驱风剂(治疗小儿腹痛的药)

grippe /ɡrip/ n. archaic or colloq.  influenza [古义] [口]流行性感冒 [French from gripper ‘seize’]

grisaille /ɡriˈzeil, -li/ n.  1  a method of painting in grey monochrome, often to imitate sculpture 浮雕式灰色装饰画画法 2  a painting or stained-glass window of this kind 浮雕式灰色装饰画 [French, from gris ‘grey’]

griseofulvin /ˌɡriziə(ʊ)ˈfʊlvin/ n.  an antibiotic used against fungal infections of the hair and skin 灰黄霉素 [modern Latin (Penicillium) griseofulvum (a micro-organism from which it is obtained), from medieval Latin griseus ‘grey’ + Latin fulvus ‘reddish yellow’]

grisette /ɡriˈzet/ n.  a young working-class Frenchwoman (法国的)青年劳动妇女 [originally a grey dress material worn by such women: French, from gris ‘grey’]

grisly /ˈɡrizli/ adj. (grislier, grisliest)  causing horror, disgust, or fear 恐怖的；讨厌的；可怕的 □ grisliness  n.   [Old English grislic ‘terrifying’]

grison /ˈɡriz(ə)n, ˈɡrais(ə)n/ n.  any weasel-like mammal of the genus Galictis, with dark fur and a white stripe across the forehead 灰鼬鼠(毛黑，头顶有白色条纹) [French, apparently from grison ‘grey’]

grist /ɡrist/ n.  1  corn to grind 待磨的谷物 2  malt crushed for brewing 酿造用麦芽 □ grist to the (or a person's) mill   a source of profit or advantage 有益的或有利的东西 [Old English from Germanic: related to GRIND]

gristle /ˈɡris(ə)l/ n.  tough cartilaginous tissue, esp. as occurring in meat (尤指肉中的)软骨组织 □ gristly  /-sli/ adj.   [Old English]

grit /ɡrit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  particles of stone or sand, esp. as causing discomfort, clogging machinery, etc. (尤指可引起不适感或令机器等阻塞的)小石子(沙砾等) 2  coarse sandstone 粗沙岩 3 colloq.  pluck, endurance; strength of character [口]勇气；毅力 ●v. (gritted, gritting)  1 tr.  spread grit on (icy roads etc.) 撒沙砾于(结冰的路面上等) 2 tr.  clench (the teeth) 咬(牙) 3 intr.  make or move with a grating sound 发出轧轧声；轧轧地移动 □ gritter  n.  □ gritty  adj. (grittier, grittiest)  □ grittily  adv.  □ grittiness  n.   [Old English grēot from Germanic: related to GROATS]

grits /ɡrits/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数) esp. US [尤美]  a  coarsely ground grain, esp. corn 粗碾谷物(尤指玉米)b  = HOMINY  2  oats that have been husked but not ground (or only coarsely) 去壳但未碾制的燕麦 [Old English grytt(e): related to GROATS]

grizzle /ˈɡriz(ə)l/ v. intr. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (esp. of a child) cry fretfully (尤指儿童)烦躁地啼哭 2  complain whiningly 哭着抱怨 □ grizzler  n.  □ grizzly  adj.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

grizzled /ˈɡriz(ə)ld/ adj.  having, or streaked with, grey hair 有灰色毛发的，有缕缕白发的 [earlier grizzle ‘grey’ from Old French grisel, from gris ‘grey’]

grizzly /ˈɡrizli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (grizzlier, grizzliest)  grey, greyish, grey-haired 灰色毛发的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 grizzly bear)  a large variety of brown bear, found in N. America (北美产)灰熊

groan /ɡrəʊn/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  make a deep sound expressing pain, grief, or disapproval 呻吟b tr.  utter with groans 发出呻吟或叹息 2 intr.  complain inarticulately 嘟嘟囔囊地抱怨或发牢骚 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 under, beneath, with)  be loaded or oppressed 受苦；受某事之迫 ●n.  the sound made in groaning 呻吟 □ groan inwardly   be distressed 暗中叫苦□ groaner  n.  □ groaningly  adv.   [Old English grɑˉnian from Germanic: related to GRIN]

groat /ɡrəʊt/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a silver coin worth four old pence (英国从前的)4 便士银币 2 archaic  a small sum [古义]小额；少量  don't care a groat  不介意芝麻小事 [Middle English from Middle Dutch groot, originally = great, i.e. thick (penny): cf. GROSCHEN]

groats /ɡrəʊts/ n. pl.  hulled or crushed grain, esp. oats 去壳(压碎的)谷物(尤指燕麦) [Old English grotan (pl.): cf. grot ‘fragment’, grēot GRIT, grytt ‘bran’]

grocer /ˈɡrəʊsə/ n.  a dealer in food and household provisions 杂货商 [Middle English and Anglo-French grosser, originally a person who sells in the gross, via Old French grossier from medieval Latin grossarius (as GROSS)]

grocery /ˈɡrəʊs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a grocer's trade or shop 杂货店 2 (in pl. 用复数)  provisions, esp. food, sold by a grocer 杂货(尤指食品)

grockle /ˈɡrɒk(ə)l/ n. Brit. dial. & slang  a visitor or holidaymaker, esp. from the North or Midlands to SW England [英方] [俚语]旅游度假者(尤指从英格兰中北部到西南部者) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

grog /ɡrɒɡ/ n.  1  a drink of spirit (originally rum) and water 烈酒(原指朗姆酒)与水混合的饮料 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  alcoholic liquor, esp. beer [澳新口]酒精饮料(尤指啤酒) [said to be from ‘Old Grog’, the reputed nickname (from his GROGRAM cloak) of Admiral Vernon, who in 1740 first had diluted instead of neat rum served out to sailors]

groggy /ˈɡrɒɡi/ adj. (groggier, groggiest)  muzzy or unsteady from being semi-conscious, hung over, etc. (因半昏迷，倒挂后)眩晕的，不稳的 □ groggily  adv.  □ grogginess  n.  

grogram /ˈɡrɒɡrəm/ n.  a coarse fabric of silk, or of mohair and wool, or of a mixture of all these, often stiffened with gum 丝、马海毛、羊毛混纺的粗织物 [French gros grain ‘coarse grain’ (as GROSS, GRAIN)]

groin1 /ɡrɔin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the depression between the belly and the thigh 腹股沟 2 Archit. 【建】  a  an edge formed by intersecting vaults 穹棱交接线b  an arch supporting a vault 穹棱，拱肋 ●v. tr. Archit.  build with groins 【建】使成穹棱；在…上盖拱肋 [Middle English grynde, perhaps from Old English grynde ‘depression’]

groin2 US var.  of GROYNE [美] GROYNE 的变体

grommet /ˈɡrɒmit/ n.  1  a metal, plastic, or rubber eyelet placed in a hole to protect or insulate a rope or cable etc. passed through it (可使线、绳等通过并起保护作用的)金属、塑料或橡皮扣眼 2  a tube surgically implanted in the eardrum to make a communication with the middle ear (手术植入中耳的)助听耳管 [earlier ‘a ring or wreath of rope, used as a fastening’: obsolete French grommette from gourmer ‘to curb’, of unknown origin]

gromwell /ˈɡrɒmw(ə)l/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Lithospermum, with hard seeds formerly used in medicine 紫草属植物(其硬籽从前用于药) [Middle English from Old French gromil, probably from a medieval Latin phrase meaning ‘crane's millet’]

groom /ɡru:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person employed to take care of horses 马夫 2  = BRIDEGROOM  3 Brit. Mil.  any of certain officers of the Royal Household [英]【军】英国王宫侍卫官 ●v. tr.  1  a  tend to, esp. brush the coat of (a horse, dog, etc.) 照看(尤指刷洗马、狗等)b (of an animal) clean and comb the fur of (another) (also 亦作 refl.) (指动物)把(另一动物或自身的)皮毛弄干净 2  a  give a neat or tidy appearance to (a person etc.) 使整洁；打扮(某人)b  carefully attend to (a lawn, a ski slope, etc.) 悉心照料(草坪、滑雪坡等) 3  prepare or train (a person) for a particular purpose or activity 挑选、培养、训练某人从事某职业  was groomed for the top job  被培养担任最高职务 [originally = boy: Middle English, origin unknown]

groove /ɡru:v/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a channel or hollow, esp. one made to guide motion or receive a corresponding ridge 沟；槽(尤指人工做成以引导运动路线)b  a spiral track cut in a gramophone record 唱片上的纹路 2  a  an established routine or habit 成规；惯例b  a monotonous routine, a rut 老一套 3 slang  an established rhythmic pattern [俚语]习惯性的模式  got a groove going  按常规办事 ●v.  1 tr.  make a groove or grooves in 开沟；做槽 2 intr. slang [俚语]  a  play music (esp. jazz or dance music) rhythmically 极有节奏感地演奏音乐(尤指爵士乐或舞曲)b  dance or move rhythmically to music 随着音乐有节奏地跳舞或活动c  enjoy oneself 过得快活；感到愉快 □ in the groove  slang [俚语]  1  doing or performing well 得心应手；处于最佳状态 2  fashionable 时髦的，流行的 [Middle English, = mine shaft, via obsolete Dutch groeve ‘furrow’ from Germanic]

groovy /ˈɡru:vi/ adj. (groovier, grooviest)  1 slang [俚语] (often joc. [常诙])  fashionable and exciting; enjoyable, excellent 时髦的，刺激的；愉快的，绝妙的 2  of or like a groove 沟的，槽的 □ groovily  adv.  □ grooviness  n.  

grope /ɡrəʊp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  feel about or search blindly or uncertainly with the hands (在黑暗中)摸索，触摸 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, after)  search mentally 探索  was groping for the answer  追寻答案 3 tr.  feel (one's way) towards something 摸索着行进 4 tr. slang  fondle clumsily, or in an unwelcome advance, for sexual pleasure [俚语] (调情时)笨拙地抚摸；不受欢迎地抚摸 ●n.  the process or an instance of groping 摸索，探索 □ groper  n.  □ gropingly  adv.   [Old English grɑˉpian, from Germanic]

groper /ˈɡrəʊpə/ n. esp. Austral. & NZ [尤澳新]  = GROUPER  [variant of GROUPER]

grosbeak /ˈɡrəʊsbi:k/ n.  any of various finches and cardinals having stout conical bills and usu. brightly coloured plumage 蜡嘴鸟(有圆锥形厚硬鸟喙，通常羽毛有亮光) [French grosbec, from gros as GROSS + bec BEAK1]

groschen /ˈɡrəʊʃ(ə)n, ˈɡrɒʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an Austrian coin and monetary unit equal to one-hundredth of a schilling 格罗生(奥地利货币和硬币名，等于 0.01 先令) 2 colloq.  a German 10-pfennig piece [口]格罗生(值 10 芬尼的德国硬币) 3 hist.  a small German silver coin [史义]旧时流通的德国小银币 [German via Middle High German gros, grosse from medieval Latin (denarius) grossus ‘thick (penny)’: cf. GROAT]

grosgrain /ˈɡrəʊɡrein/ n.  a corded fabric of silk etc. 罗缎 [French, = coarse grain (as GROSS, GRAIN)]

gros point /ɡrəʊ ˈpwã/ n.  cross stitch embroidery on canvas (装饰布上的)提花 [French, = large stitch (as GROSS, POINT)]

gross /ɡrəʊs/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  overfed, bloated; repulsively fat 养胖的，臃肿的；胖得讨厌的 2 (of a person, manners, or morals) noticeably coarse, unrefined, or indecent (指人、举止或品行)粗俗的，无教养的，失礼的 3 slang  very unpleasant, repulsive, disgusting [俚语]十分讨厌的，令人作呕的 4  flagrant; conspicuously wrong 恶名昭著的，明显错误的  gross negligence  极端的疏忽大意 5  total; without deductions; not net 总的，全部的；毛的；非净的  gross tonnage  毛重 gross income  毛收入 6  a  luxuriant, rank 繁茂的，过于茂盛的b  thick, solid, dense 茂密的，繁盛的 7 (of the senses etc.) dull; lacking sensitivity (指感觉等)迟钝的，不敏感的，不灵敏的 ●v. tr.  produce or earn as gross profit or income 总共赚得 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  an amount equal to twelve dozen 罗(计算单位，等于 12 打或 144 个) □ by the gross   in large quantities; wholesale 大量，全数；整批，批发□ gross out  N. Amer. slang  disgust, esp. by repulsive or obscene behaviour [北美] [俚语] (尤指用粗话或野蛮行为)使人憎恶□ gross up   increase (a net amount) to its value before deductions 使(净收入、净额)增长至付税前最高额□ grossly  adv.  □ grossness  n.   [Middle English via Old French gros grosse ‘large’ from Late Latin grossus: the noun from French grosse douzaine ‘large dozen’]

gross domestic product n.  the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country in one year 国内生产总值

gross national product n.  the gross domestic product plus the total of net income from abroad 国民生产总值

gross ton  see 见 TON1 5a 

grot /ɡrɒt/ n. & adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  rubbish, junk 垃圾，废物；无用或无价值的东西 ●adj.  dirty 肮脏的，龌龊的，污秽的 [back-formation from GROTTY]

grotesque /ɡrə(ʊ)ˈtesk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  comically or repulsively distorted; monstrous, unnatural 扭曲得可笑(或令人厌恶)的，怪异的，不自然的 2  incongruous, ludicrous, absurd 不协调的；荒唐可笑的；荒谬的 ●n.  1  a decorative form interweaving human and animal features 一种将人类与动物形象交织在一起的装饰艺术 2  a comically distorted figure or design (绘画、塑像中)形状怪异的人物(或图案) 3 Printing  a family of sans serif typefaces 【印刷】畸形字体；无衬线铅字 □ grotesquely  adv.  □ grotesqueness  n.  □ grotesquerie  /-ˈtesk(ə)ri/ n.   [earlier crotesque, via French from Italian grottesca ‘grotto-like’ (painting etc.), fem. of grottesco (as GROTTO, -ESQUE)]

grotto /ˈɡrɒtəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a small picturesque cave 小而别致的洞穴 2  an artificial ornamental cave, e.g. in a park or large garden (如公园或花园中的)装饰性人工洞穴 □ grottoed  adj.   [Italian grotta, ultimately via Latin crypta from Greek kruptē CRYPT]

grotty /ˈɡrɒti/ adj. (grottier, grottiest) Brit. slang  unpleasant, dirty, shabby, unattractive [英] [俚语]令人不愉快的，不舒服的；肮脏的；破旧的；不吸引人的 □ grottiness  n.   [shortening of GROTESQUE + -Y1]

grouch /ɡraʊtʃ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  grumble 发牢骚，抱怨 ●n.  1  a discontented or grumpy person 爱发牢骚的人 2  a fit of grumbling or the sulks 大发牢骚 3  a cause of discontent 不满的缘由 [variant of grutch: see GRUDGE]

grouchy /ˈɡraʊtʃi/ adj. (grouchier, grouchiest) colloq.  discontented, grumpy [口]不满的；愠怒的 □ grouchily  adv.  □ grouchiness  n.  

ground1 /ɡraʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the surface of the earth, esp. as contrasted with the air around it 地面(尤指与空中相对)b  a part of this qualified in some way 地  low ground  低地 2  the substance of the earth's surface; soil, earth 土，土地  stony ground  多石的土地 dug deep into the ground  深挖土地 3  a  a limited or defined area 区域，地域，范围  the ground beyond the farm  在农场另一边的土地b  the extent of activity etc. achieved or of a subject dealt with 活动(讨论等)的范围  the book covers a lot of ground  那本书涵盖了多方面的内容 4 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a foundation, motive, or reason 基础；动机；理由  there is ground for concern  有充分的依据表示关注 there are grounds for believing  有理由可以相信 excused on the grounds of ill health  因身体不佳而被原谅 5  an area of a special kind or designated for special use 场；(有专门用途的)场地 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : cricket ground  板球场 fishing grounds  渔场 6 (in pl. 用复数)  an area of usu. enclosed land attached to a house etc. (房屋等四周的)土地；庭院 7  an area or basis for consideration, agreement, etc. (考虑或同意某事的)依据，理由  common ground  共同立场，一致点 on firm ground  根据确凿的事实或依据 8  a (in painting) the prepared surface giving the predominant colour or tone (指绘画)底色，背景b (in embroidery, ceramics, etc.) the undecorated surface (指刺绣、陶艺等)底子 9 (in full 全称 ground bass) Mus.  a short theme in the bass constantly repeated with the upper parts of the music varied 【音】基础低音 10 (in pl. 用复数)  solid particles, esp. of coffee, forming a residue 渣滓，沉积物(尤指咖啡渣) 11 Electr. 【电】  = EARTHn. 4  12  the bottom of the sea 海底  the ship touched ground  船碰到海底了 13 Brit.  the floor of a room etc. [英] (房间等的)地板、地面 14  a piece of wood fixed to a wall as a base for boards, plaster, or joinery 底材，底 15 (作 attrib.)  a (of animals) living on or in the ground; (of fish) living at the bottom of water; (of plants) dwarfish or trailing (指动物)生活在地面或地里的；(指鱼类)生活在海洋底层的；(指植物)低矮的；蔓延的b  relating to or concerned with the ground 地面的，在地面上的，近地面的  ground staff  地勤人员 ●v.  1 tr.  a  refuse authority for (a pilot or an aircraft) to fly 禁止(飞行员或飞机)飞行；使停飞b colloq.  temporarily withdraw permission for (usu. a teenager) to participate socially outside the home [口] (通常指对青少年)暂时不准外出参加社交活动 2  a tr.  run (a ship) aground; strand (使船只)搁浅b intr. (of a ship) run aground 使(船只)触海底，搁浅 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  instruct thoroughly (in a subject) (对某一主题)给予全面透彻的指导(讲解) 4 tr. (often as 常作 grounded adj.) (foll. by 后跟 on)  base (a principle, conclusion, etc.) on 将(原则、结论等)建立在…基础上 5 tr. Electr. 【电】  = EARTHv. 3  6 intr.  alight on the ground 落地 7 tr.  place or lay (esp. weapons) on the ground 将(武器等)放在地上 □ break new (or fresh) ground   treat a subject previously not dealt with 处理新问题□ cut the ground from under a person's feet   anticipate and pre-empt a person's arguments, plans, etc. 拆某人的台；(先发制人地)驳倒某人的观点(或挫败某人的计划等)□ down to the ground  Brit. colloq.  thoroughly; in every respect. [英口]在各方面；彻底地□ fall to the ground  (of a plan etc.) fail (指计划等)失败，落空□ gain (or make) ground   1  advance steadily; make progress 获得进展，有进步 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  catch (a person) up 逼近，接近(某人)□ get in on the ground floor   become part of an enterprise in its early stages 是某一事业的开创元老；从某一事业的初期便开始参与□ get off the ground  colloq.  make a successful start [口]顺利开始□ give (or lose) ground   1  retreat, decline 撤退，退却；衰败 2  lose the advantage or one's position in an argument, contest, etc. (在辩论或比赛中)失去优势或被打败□ go to ground   1 (of a fox etc.) enter its earth or burrow etc. (指狐狸等)逃入地穴或地洞等 2 (of a person) become inaccessible for a prolonged period (指人)退隐；潜伏，躲藏□ hold one's ground   not retreat or give way 坚守阵地；坚持主张(或立场)□ on the ground   at the point of production or operation; in practical conditions 当场，在现场；在实际情况下□ on one's own ground   on one's own territory or subject; on one's own terms 在自己熟悉的领域内；在行；根据自己的主张□ thin on the ground   not numerous 为数不多，数目微小□ work (or run etc.) oneself into the ground  colloq.  work etc. to the point of exhaustion [口]竭尽全力地工作；鞠躬尽瘁 [Old English grund, from Germanic]

ground2 /ɡraʊnd/ past and past part. of GRIND; adj.  1  a  reduced to fine particles or powder by crushing 磨细的，磨碎的，磨成粉状的  freshly ground pepper  现磨的胡椒粉b (of meat) finely minced (指肉)绞得很碎的 2  shaped, roughened, or polished by grinding 磨过的，磨利的，磨光的 □ ground down   exhausted, worn down 筋疲力竭

groundage /ˈɡraʊndidʒ/ n. Brit.  duty levied on a ship entering a port or lying on a shore [英]船舶进港费，停泊费

ground ash n.  1  an ash sapling 白蜡树根蘖 2  a stick made from this 白蜡树根蘖手杖

groundbait /ˈɡraʊn(d)beit/ n.  bait thrown to the bottom of a fishing ground (投到水底诱鱼用的)水底诱饵

ground bass  see 见 GROUND1 n. 9 

ground control n.  the personnel and equipment that monitor and direct the landing etc. of aircraft or spacecraft (对飞机的)地面控制，(总称)地面控制人员；地面控制设备

ground cover n.  plants covering the surface of the earth, esp. low-growing spreading plants that inhibit the growth of weeds 地被，地被物(尤指生长低矮的抑制杂草的地表植被)

ground crew n.  the people who monitor and direct an aircraft etc. from the ground (总称)机场地勤人员

ground elder n.  an umbelliferous plant, Aegopodium podagraria, with spreading underground stems, common as a weed 羊角芹(散状花科植物，地下根系分布广散，属常见杂草)

grounder /ˈɡraʊndə/ n. (esp. in baseball) a ball that is hit or passed along the ground (尤指棒球)地滚球，地面球

ground floor n.  the floor of a building at ground level 楼房一层

ground frost n.  frost on the surface of the ground or in the top layer of soil 地面霜

ground glass n.  1  glass made non-transparent by grinding etc. 毛玻璃，磨砂玻璃 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : ground-glass screen  毛玻璃屏风 2  glass ground to a powder 玻璃粉(用作磨料)

groundhog /ˈɡraʊndhɒɡ/ n.  = WOODCHUCK 

grounding /ˈɡraʊndiŋ/ n.  basic training or instruction in a subject (某一学科的)基础训练，基础知识

ground ivy n.  a common Eurasian hedge-plant, Glechoma hederacea, with bluish-purple flowers 欧亚活血丹(开青紫色花)

groundless /ˈɡraʊn(d)lis/ adj.  without motive or foundation 无理由的，无基础的，无根据的 □ groundlessly  adv.  □ groundlessness  n.   [Old English grundlēas (as GROUND1, -LESS)]

ground level n.  1  the level of the ground; the ground floor 地平面；楼房的一层 2 Physics 【物理学】  = GROUND STATE 

groundling /ˈɡraʊn(d)liŋ/ n.  1  a  a creeping or dwarf plant 匍匐植物，矮生植物b  a fish that lives at the bottom of lakes etc., esp. a gudgeon or a loach (湖泊等)水底鱼类(尤指鮈鱼或泥鳅) 2  a person on the ground as opposed to one in an aircraft 在陆地上工作与生活的人(指与在机上工作相对) 3  a spectator or reader of inferior taste (with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet III. ii. 11) 缺乏鉴赏力的人；趣味低级的观众(或读者) (参考莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》第三幕第二场 11 段)

groundnut /ˈɡraʊn(d)nʌt/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  = PEANUT 1, 2  2  a  a N. American wild bean (北美产的)野豆b  its edible tuber 此种野豆的可食茎块

ground plan n.  1  the plan of a building at ground level 建筑物楼层平面设计图 2  the general outline of a scheme 初步计划，草案，大纲

ground rent n. esp. Brit.  rent for land leased for building [尤英] (付给建筑物地产主的)地租

ground rule n.  a basic principle 基本原则

groundsel /ˈɡraʊn(d)s(ə)l/ n.  any plant of the genus Senecio (daisy family), with yellow rayless flowers, esp. S. vulgaris, common as a weed 千里光属植物(雏菊科，花黄，属常见杂草) [Old English grundeswylige, gundœswelgiœ (perhaps = pus-absorber, from gund ‘pus’, with reference to use for poultices)]

groundsheet /ˈɡraʊn(d)ʃi:t/ n.  a waterproof sheet for spreading on the ground, esp. in a tent (尤指用于帐篷内的)铺地防潮布

groundskeeper /ˈɡraʊn(d)zki:pə/ n. US [美]  = GROUNDSMAN 

groundsman /ˈɡraʊn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit.  a person who maintains a sports ground [英]体育场地管理员

ground speed n.  an aircraft's speed relative to the ground 地速(指飞机飞行时相对于地面的速度)

ground squirrel n.  any ground-dwelling rodent resembling a squirrel, esp. one of the genus Spermophilus 黄鼠，地松鼠

ground staff n.  1  the non-flying personnel of an airport or airbase 机场地勤人员 2  the staff employed to maintain a sports ground 受雇维护体育场地的人员，场地人员

ground state n. Physics  the lowest energy state of an atom etc. 【物理学】基态(原子等能量最低的状态)

ground stroke n. Tennis  a stroke played near the ground after the ball has bounced 【网球】击落地球

groundswell /ˈɡraʊn(d)swel/ n.  1  a heavy sea caused by a distant or past storm or an earthquake (远方或过去的飓风或地震等引起的)海涌，长涌，海啸 2  an increasingly forceful presence (esp. of public opinion) (尤指公众舆论)迅速高涨(或发展)

groundwater /ˈɡraʊn(d)wɔ:tə/ n.  water found in soil or in pores, crevices, etc., in rock 地下水(指地面以下的水，尤指饱和层中的那部分水)

groundwork /ˈɡraʊn(d)wɜ:k/ n.  1  preliminary or basic work 底子，基础工作 2  a foundation or basis 基础

ground zero n.  the point on the ground under an exploding (usu. nuclear) bomb (尤指核弹的)爆心投影点

group /ɡru:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a number of persons or things located close together, or considered or classed together 组；群；类 2 (作 attrib.)  concerning or done by a group 集体，群体，团体  a group photograph  合影 group sex  集体性淫乱 3  a number of people working together or sharing beliefs, e.g. part of a political party (政党内的) (政治)集团，派别 4  a number of commercial companies under common ownership (公司联营的)集团 5  an ensemble playing popular music 流行乐团 6  a division of an air force or air-fleet 空军大队 7 Math.  a set of elements, together with an associative binary operation, which contains an inverse for each element and an identity element 【数】群 8 Chem. 【化】  a  a set of ions or radicals giving a characteristic qualitative reaction 基；组；团b  a set of elements occupying a column in the periodic table and having broadly similar properties (周期表的)属，族c  a combination of atoms having a recognizable identity in a number of compounds 原子团 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  form or be formed into a group (使)形成组(或群、类、团体等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  place in a group or groups 将…分类；将…归类 3 tr.  form (colours, figures, etc.) into a well-arranged and harmonious whole 将(颜色、图案等)编排成一个和谐的整体 4 tr.  classify 将…编排，归类 □ groupage  n.   [French groupe from Italian gruppo, from Germanic, related to CROP]

group captain n.  an RAF officer next below air commodore (英国皇家空军的)上校

group dynamics n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数) Psychol. 【心】  1  the interaction of people in groups (群体之间以及群体与个人之间互相作用等的)群体动力 2  the principles perceived as underlying such interaction 群体动力学基本原则

grouper /ˈɡru:pə/ n.  any marine fish of the family Serranidae, with heavy body, big head, and wide mouth 鮨科鱼(体重，头大，嘴阔) [Portuguese garupa, probably from a native name in S. America]

groupie /ˈɡru:pi/ n. colloq. [口]  1  an ardent follower of touring pop groups, esp. a young woman seeking sexual relations with them 跟随巡回演出流行歌星的人(尤指欲与之发生性关系的青年女子) 2  a fan, enthusiast, or follower 热中者，着迷者，追随者  chess groupie  棋迷

grouping /ˈɡru:piŋ/ n.  1  a process or system of allocation to groups 分组，归类，群集 2  a formation or arrangement in a group or groups 分成组或类的人(或物)

group practice n.  a medical practice in which several doctors are associated (医生)合伙开业

group therapy n.  therapy in which patients are brought together to assist one another psychologically 集体心理治疗(一种用指导、启发、教育、分析等方法使一组病人发生有利的性格变化的心理治疗)

groupthink /ˈɡru:pθiŋk/ n. esp. N. Amer.  the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group, often resulting in poor-quality decision-making [尤北美]集体考虑，集体审议(做出的决定常常很差) [modelled on DOUBLETHINK]

group velocity n.  the speed of travel of the energy of a wave or wave-group 群速

groupware /ˈɡru:pwɛə/ n. Computing  software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users 【计算】组件

group work n.  work done by a group working in close association 团体工作；分工合作

grouse1 /ɡraʊs/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  any of various game birds of the family Tetraonidae, with a plump body and feathered legs 松鸡(体肥，腿羽长) 2  the flesh of a grouse used as food 松鸡肉 [16th c.: origin uncertain]

grouse2 /ɡraʊs/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  grumble or complain pettily 发牢骚，抱怨 ●n.  a complaint 牢骚，抱怨 □ grouser  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

grouse moor n. (in the UK) an area of managed moorland for the shooting of red grouse (英国) (有人管理的、专门用来)狩猎红松鸡的高沼地

grout1 /ɡraʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  a thin fluid mortar for filling gaps in tiling etc. (水泥)薄浆 ●v. tr.  provide or fill with grout 给…灌浆；用薄浆固定 □ grouter  n.   [perhaps from GROUT2, but cf. French dialect grouter ‘grout a wall’]

grout2 /ɡraʊt/ n. Brit.  sediment, dregs [英]沉淀物；渣滓；糟粕 [Old English grūt, related to GRITS, GROATS]

grouter /ˈɡraʊtə/ n. Austral. slang  an unfair advantage [澳] [俚语]不公平的优势 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

grove /ɡrəʊv/ n.  1  a small wood or group of trees 树丛，小树林 2  an orchard planted for the cultivation of olives, citrus fruit, etc. 果树林，果园 □ grovy  adj.   [Old English grɑˉf, related to grœfa ‘brushwood’]

grovel /ˈɡrɒv(ə)l, ˈɡrʌv-/ v. intr. (grovelled, grovelling; US [美] groveled, groveling)  1  behave obsequiously in seeking favour or forgiveness 奴颜献媚，讨好奉承 2  lie prone in abject humility 卑躬屈膝 □ groveller  n.  □ grovelling  adj.  □ grovellingly  adv.   [back-formation from obsolete adverb grovelling from gruf ‘face down’, in the phrase on grufe translating Old Norse ɑˊ grúfu, later taken as pres. part.]

groves of Academe n. pl.  a university environment 学术界，学术领域

grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. (past grew /ɡru:/; past part. grown /ɡrəʊn/)  1 intr.  increase in size, height, quantity, degree, or in any way regarded as measurable (e.g. authority or reputation) (often foll. by 常后跟 in: grew in stature 提高境界或水平) 增长，增大；发展，扩大(如权利、声望等) 2 intr.  a  develop or exist as a living plant or natural product 长，生长，成长；发育b  develop in a specific way or direction 向某一具体的方面(或方向)生长(或发展)  began to grow sideways  开始斜着长c  germinate, sprout; spring up 萌发；出芽；茁长 3 intr.  be produced; come naturally into existence; arise 培育；发生，产生；出现 4 intr. (as 作 grown adj.)  fully matured; adult 成熟的；成年的 5 intr.  a  become gradually 逐渐变成；渐变  grow rich  变得富有 grow less  变少b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  come by degrees 逐渐开始  grew to like it  开始喜欢上了 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  become, having grown or developed 变为，变成；已长成；已成为  the acorn has grown into a tall oak  那橡子已长成高大的橡树了 will grow into a fine athlete  会成长为优秀的运动员b  become large enough for or suited to 大到足够或变得适合做某事  will grow into the coat  会长到适合穿那件大衣的 grew into her new job  她已经适应新工作了 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  become gradually more appealing to 对…越来越有吸引力；变得越来越被…喜爱 8 tr.  a  produce (plants, fruit, wood, etc.) by cultivation 种，栽种，种植(植物、果树、树林等)b  bring forth 使形成，使产生c  allow (a beard etc.) to develop or increase in length 留胡须 9 tr. (in passive 用被动； foll. by 后跟 over, up)  be covered with a growth 长满 □ grow out of   1  become too large to wear (a garment) 因长大而穿不进(某件衣服) 2  become too mature to retain (a childish habit etc.) 因长大成熟而放弃(某一孩子习惯等) 3  be the result or development of 源出，来自，起因于□ grow together   coalesce 长合，愈合□ grow up   1  a  advance to maturity 长大，成人b (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句)  begin to behave sensibly 成熟 2 (of a custom) arise, become common (指习俗)发生，形成；变普遍□ growable  adj.   [Old English grōwan from Germanic: related to GRASS, GREEN]

growbag /ˈɡrəʊbæɡ/ n. (also 亦作 Gro-bag propr. [商标])  = GROWING BAG 

grower /ˈɡrəʊə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person growing produce 栽种者，种植者  fruit-grower  果农 2  a plant that grows in a specified way 以某种方式生长的植物  a fast grower  速生物种

growing bag n. Brit.  a bag containing potting compost, in which plants, e.g. tomatoes, may be grown [英]种植包(盛有混合肥用于植物栽培，如西红柿种植包)

growing pains n. pl.  1  early difficulties in the development of an enterprise etc. (企业等)早期发展过程中经历的困难 2  neuralgic pain in children's legs due to fatigue etc. 神经痛(青少年的一种因疲劳引起的腿疼)

growl /ɡraʊl/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at) (esp. of a dog) make a low guttural sound, usu. of anger (尤指狗)发出低沉的狺狺声b  murmur angrily 忿忿不平地嘟囔 2 intr.  rumble 发出隆隆声 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter with a growl 咆哮着说 ●n.  1  a growling sound, esp. made by a dog (尤指狗发出的)低沉的吼叫 2  an angry murmur; complaint 气愤的嘟囔；抱怨 3  a rumble 轰隆声 □ growlingly  adv.   [probably imitative]

growler /ˈɡraʊlə/ n.  1  a person or thing that growls, esp. slang a dog 咆哮的人；嚎叫的动物 ([俚语]尤指狗) 2  a small iceberg 小冰山

Growmore /ˈɡrəʊmɔ:/ n.  vegetable fertilizer of a standard kind 一种专门用于蔬菜的肥料

grown past part.  of GROW  

grown-up adj. & n. ●adj.  adult 成熟的；成人的；适于成人的；似成人的；理智的 ●n.  an adult person 成年人

growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n.  1  the act or process of growing 生长，成长；发育 2  an increase in size or value 增大；增加；增值 3  something that has grown or is growing 生产物；草木，植物；产物 4 Med.  an abnormal formation, esp. a tumour 【医】赘生物(尤指肿瘤) 5  the cultivation of produce 栽培，种植，生产 6  a crop or yield of grapes 葡萄的一次收获量(或一熟)

growth hormone n.  a substance which stimulates the growth of a plant or animal 生长激素，植物生长素

growth industry n.  an industry that is developing rapidly 迅速发展的行业

growth ring n.  a concentric layer of wood, shell, etc., developed during an annual or other regular period of growth (树木的)生长轮，年轮

growth stock n.  stock that tends to increase in capital value rather than yield high income (具有良好增值前景的)增长股

groyne /ɡrɔin/ n. (US [美] groin)  a timber framework or low broad wall built out from a shore to check erosion of a beach 丁坝，折流坝 [dialect groin ‘snout’, via Old French groign from Late Latin grunium ‘pig's snout’]

grub /ɡrʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the larva of an insect, esp. of a beetle 昆虫的幼虫，蛆，(尤指甲虫的)蛴螬 2 colloq.  food [口]食物 ●v. (grubbed, grubbing)  1 tr. & intr.  dig superficially 浅掘 2 tr.  a  clear (the ground) of roots and stumps (为清除根、桩而)翻掘(土地)b  clear away (roots etc.) 清除(根、桩等) 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up, out)  a  fetch by digging 挖出，掘出  grubbing up weeds  根除杂草b  extract (information etc.) by searching in books etc. (在书籍中)搜寻出，查找出(资料等) 4 intr.  search, rummage 搜寻，翻找 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, along, away)  toil, plod 苦干，做苦工，孜孜从事 [Middle English, origin uncertain, perhaps from a Germanic base related to GRAVE1]

grubber /ˈɡrʌbə/ n.  1 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) derog.  a person devoted to amassing something Cf. 参见 MONEY-GRUBBER [贬]拼命搜敛的人  vote-grubber  拼命拉选票的人 2  an implement for digging up weeds etc. 掘根工具(如掘根锄等) 3 Cricket, Rugby, etc.  a ball bowled or kicked along the ground 【板球】【英式橄榄球】地滚球 4  a person who or animal which grubs 掘根的人或动物

grubby /ˈɡrʌbi/ adj. (grubbier, grubbiest)  1  dirty, grimy, slovenly 肮脏的，沾满污垢的，邋遢的 2  of or infested with grubs 长满或遍布蛆蛹的 □ grubbily  adv.  □ grubbiness  n.  

grub-screw n.  a small headless screw, esp. used to attach a handle etc. to a spindle 无头螺丝

grubstake /ˈɡrʌbsteik/ n. & v. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n.  material or provisions supplied to an enterprise in return for a share in the resulting profits (originally in prospecting for ore) (最初源于以分享探得的矿藏为条件提供给探矿者的)物质资金的援助 ●v. tr.  provide with a grubstake 提供物质资金的援助 □ grubstaker  n.  

Grub Street /ˈɡrʌb/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the world or class of literary hacks and impoverished authors 格拉布街(伦敦一条旧街，即现在的弥尔顿街，昔为潦倒文人聚居之地) [name of a street (later Milton St.) in Moorgate, London, inhabited by these in the 17th c.]

grudge /ɡrʌdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a persistent feeling of ill will or resentment, esp. one due to an insult or injury 不满；嫌隙；积怨  bears a grudge against me  对我怀恨在心 ●v. tr.  1  be resentfully unwilling to give, grant, or allow (a thing) 吝惜，不愿给(某物) 2 (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun or to + infin.)  be reluctant to do (a thing) 不情愿做(某事)  grudged paying so much  不愿付出过多 □ grudger  n.   [Middle English grutch from Old French grouchier ‘murmur’, of unknown origin]

grudging /ˈɡrʌdʒiŋ/ adj.  reluctant; not willing 勉强的；不情愿的  grudging approval  勉强的同意 □ grudgingly  adv.  □ grudgingness  n.  

gruel /ˈɡrʊəl/ n.  a liquid food of oatmeal etc. boiled in milk or water chiefly for invalids (以燕麦等和牛奶或清水煮成，主要作为病人食品的)稀粥 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Germanic: related to GROUT1]

gruelling /ˈɡrʊəliŋ/ adj. & n. (US [美] grueling) ●adj.  extremely demanding, severe, or tiring 要求极苛的；严厉的；使人筋疲力尽的 ●n.  a harsh, punishing, or exhausting experience 苛待，惩罚；使人筋疲力尽的经历 □ gruellingly  adv.   [GRUEL as verb, = exhaust, punish]

gruesome /ˈɡru:s(ə)m/ adj.  horrible, grisly, disgusting 可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的，讨厌的 □ gruesomely  adv.  □ gruesomeness  n.   [Scots grue ‘to shudder’ from Scandinavian + -SOME1]

gruff /ɡrʌf/ adj.  1  a (of a voice) low and harsh (指嗓音)粗哑的b (of a person) having a gruff voice (指人)声音粗哑的 2  surly, laconic, rough-mannered 粗暴的，话语简短的，态度生硬的 □ gruffly  adv.  □ gruffness  n.   [Dutch, Middle Low German grof ‘coarse’ from West Germanic (related to ROUGH)]

grumble /ˈɡrʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at, about, over)  complain peevishly 发怨言，发牢骚，诉委屈b  be discontented 不满 2 intr.  a  utter a dull inarticulate sound; murmur, growl faintly 发哼声；嘟囔，咕哝；低声抱怨b  rumble 发轰隆声 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter complainingly 发牢骚，抱怨 4 intr. (as 作 grumbling adj.) colloq.  giving intermittent discomfort without causing illness [口]断断续续疼痛但未引起病的  a grumbling appendix  间歇疼痛但未得炎症的阑尾 ●n.  1  a complaint 抱怨，牢骚 2  a  a dull inarticulate sound; a murmur 哼哼声；嘟囔，咕哝b  a rumble 轰隆声 □ grumbler  n.  □ grumbling  adj.  □ grumblingly  adv.  □ grumbly  adj.   [obsolete grumme: cf. Middle Dutch grommen, Middle Low German grommelen, from Germanic (imitative)]

grump /ɡrʌmp/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a grumpy person 脾气暴躁的人 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a fit of sulks 脾气的发作，生气 □ grumpish  adj.  □ grumpishly  adv.   [imitative]

grumpy /ˈɡrʌmpi/ adj. (grumpier, grumpiest)  morosely irritable; surly 脾气坏的；乖戾的 □ grumpily  adv.  □ grumpiness  n.  

Grundy /ˈɡrʌndi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 Mrs Grundy)  a person embodying conventional propriety and prudery 拘泥传统礼仪习俗的人 □ Grundyism  n.  格伦迪太太主义，因袭主义，(因害怕他人挑剔而谨小慎微的)拘泥礼节 [a person repeatedly mentioned in T. Morton's comedy Speed the Plough (1798)]

grunge /ɡrʌn(d)ʒ/ n.  1 esp. N. Amer.  grime, dirt [尤北美]污垢，尘垢 2 (in full 全称 grunge rock)  a relaxed style of rock music characterized by a raucous guitar sound 一种以粗砺沙哑的吉他声为特征的轻松风格的摇滚乐 3  the fashion associated with this music, including unkempt hair, flannel shirts, and ripped jeans 与此类摇滚乐相关的时尚(包括凌乱的发型，法兰绒衬衫及撕裂开口的牛仔裤) □ grungy  adj.   [perhaps suggested by GRUBBY, DINGY, etc.]

grunion /ˈɡrʌnjən/ n.  a slender Californian silverside fish, Leuresthes tenuis, that spawns on beaches (产于美国加利福尼亚) (岸上产卵的)银汉鱼 [probably from Spanish gruñón ‘grunter’]

grunt /ɡrʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a low guttural sound made by a pig 猪发出的哼哼声，呼噜声 2  a sound resembling this 类似猪发出的哼哼声或呼噜声 3  any tropical fish of the family Haemulidae that grunts when caught 石鲈(一种被捕捞出水面时发出呼噜声的鱼) ●v.  1 intr. (of a pig) make a grunt or grunts (指猪)发出呼噜声；哼哼 2 intr. (of a person) make a low inarticulate sound resembling this, esp. to express effort, assent, fatigue, etc. (指人)发出粗哑低沉的哼声；咕哝(尤指表示用力、不满、疲劳等) 3 tr.  utter with a grunt 咕哝着说出 [Old English grunnettan, probably originally imitative]

grunter /ˈɡrʌntə/ n.  1  a person or animal that grunts, esp. a pig 咕哝或哼哼的人或动物(尤指猪) 2  a fish that grunts when caught 石鲈(当被捕捞出水面时发出咕哝声的鱼)

Gruyère /ˈɡru:jɛə/ n.  a firm pale cheese made from cow's milk (瑞士)格里尔干酪 [Gruyère, a district in Switzerland where it was first made]

gryke var.  of GRIKE  GRIKE 的变体

gryphon var.  of GRIFFIN  GRIFFIN 的变体

grysbok /ˈɡraisbɒk, ˈxreis-/ n.  any small straight-horned antelope of the genus Raphicerus, of central and southern Africa 中南非产灰色小羚羊(角直而小) [South African Dutch, from Dutch grijs ‘grey’ + bok BUCK1]

gs. abbr. Brit. hist.  guineas [缩略] [英史义]基尼

G-string /ˈdʒi:striŋ/ n.  1 Mus.  a string sounding the note G 【音】 G 弦 2 (also 亦作 gee-string)  a narrow strip of cloth etc. covering only the genitals and attached to a string round the waist, as worn esp. by striptease artistes (系在腰上遮盖外阴部的)兜裆布(通常为脱衣舞表演者所穿)

G-suit /ˈdʒi:su:t/ n.  a garment with inflatable pressurized pouches, worn by pilots and astronauts to enable them to withstand high acceleration (飞行员或宇航员的)重力防护服，抗超重飞行衣 [g = gravity + SUIT]

GT adj.  designating a high-performance car (指汽车)大型轿车 [abbreviation of Italian GRAN TURISMO]

Gt. abbr. [缩略]  Great 

GTi /dʒi:ti:ˈai/ adj.  designating a high-performance car with a fuel-injected engine. (指带柴油发动机的)高性能跑车 [GT + injection]

guacamole /ɡwɑ:kəˈməʊli/ n.  a dish of mashed avocado pears mixed with chopped onion, tomatoes, chilli peppers, and seasoning 鳄梨酱(用鳄梨泥、碎洋葱、西红柿、辣椒和调味品调制而成) [Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl ahuacamolli, from ahuacatl ‘avocado’ + molli ‘sauce’]

guacharo /ˈɡwɑ:tʃərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = OIL-BIRD  [Latin American Spanish]

guaiacum /ˈɡwaiəkəm/ n.  1  any tree of the genus Guaiacum, native to tropical America (源于南美的)愈疮树 2 (also 亦作 guaiac /ˈɡwaiæk/)  a  the hard dense oily timber of some of these, esp. of G. officinale ; also called 亦称作 lignum vitae 愈疮树木(或其木材)b  the resin from this used medicinally 愈疮树脂(可治痛风) [modern Latin from Spanish guayaco, of Haitian origin]

guan /ɡwɑ:n/ n.  a pheasant-like bird of the family Cracidae, esp. of the genus Penelope, of tropical American rainforests (产于美洲热带雨林的)冠雉 [American Spanish, from Miskito kwamu]

guanaco /ɡwəˈnɑ:kəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an Andean mammal, Lama guanicoe, related to the llama, with a coat of soft pale brown hair used for wool (南美安第斯山区野生的)栗色羊驼 [Spanish, from Quechua huanacu]

guanine /ˈɡwɑ:ni:n/ n. Biochem.  a purine found in all living organisms as a component base of DNA and RNA 【生化】鸟嘌呤(核酸的基本成份) [GUANO + -INE4]

guano /ˈɡwɑ:nəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  the excrement of seabirds, found esp. on islands off S. America and used as manure 海鸟的粪(尤指南美海岛上用作肥料的) 2  artificial manure, esp. that made from fish 人造肥料(尤指鱼肥) ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  fertilize with guano 在…上施鸟肥(鱼肥) [Spanish, from Quechua huanu ‘dung’]

Guarani /ɡwɑ:rəˈni:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a member of a S. American Indian people 瓜拉尼人(居住在巴拉圭河与大西洋之间的南美印第安人)b  the language of this people 瓜拉尼语 2 (作 guarani)  the chief monetary unit of Paraguay 瓜拉尼(巴拉圭货币) ●adj.  of or relating to the Guarani or their language 瓜拉尼人的；瓜拉尼语的 [Spanish]

guarantee /ɡær(ə)nˈti:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a formal promise or assurance, esp. that an obligation will be fulfilled or that something is of a specified quality and durability 正式的保证或担保(尤指对责任、义务等的履行或对质量、耐用性等的承诺)b  a document giving such an undertaking 保证书，担保书 2  = GUARANTY  3  a person making a guaranty or giving a security 保证人；担保人 ●v. tr. (guarantees, guaranteed)  1  a  give or serve as a guarantee for; answer for the due fulfilment of (a contract etc.) or the genuineness of (an article) 保证，担保(对某合同的执行或某物品的真实性等)b  assure the permanence etc. of 保证对…的实施等c  provide with a guarantee 提供保证或担保 2 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause, or to + infin.)  give a promise or assurance 做出保证或承诺 3  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  secure the possession of (a thing) for a person 确保某人得到(对某物品的)所有权b  make (a person) secure against a risk or in possession of a thing 确保(某人)避免某风险或对某物品的所有权 [earlier garante, perhaps from Spanish garante = French garant WARRANT: later influenced by French garantie ‘guaranty’]

guarantee fund n. Brit.  a sum pledged as a contingent indemnity for loss [英]保证基金

guarantor /ɡær(ə)nˈtɔ:/ n.  a person who gives a guarantee or guaranty 保证人

guaranty /ˈɡær(ə)nti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a written or other undertaking to answer for the payment of a debt or for the performance of an obligation by another person liable in the first instance 保证；保证书 2  a thing serving as security for a guaranty 抵押品；担保物 [Anglo-French guarantie, variant of warantie WARRANTY]

guard /ɡɑ:d/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, against)  watch over and defend or protect from harm 警卫，保卫 2 tr.  keep watch by (a door etc.) so as to control entry or exit 看守，把守(大门等) (以控制出入) 3 tr.  supervise (prisoners etc.) and prevent from escaping 看守，监视(监狱等) (以防止犯人逃跑) 4 tr.  provide (machinery) with a protective device 给(机械设备)加保护装置 5 tr.  keep (thoughts or speech) in check 谨慎使用言辞等 6 tr.  provide with safeguards 提供警卫(或保卫) 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  take precautions 预防 8 tr. (in various games) protect (a piece, card, etc.) with set moves (在各种竞技比赛中)取守势 ●n.  1  a state of vigilance or watchfulness 保持警惕(警觉) 2  a person who protects or keeps watch 防卫者，看守者，哨兵，卫兵 3  a body of soldiers etc. serving to protect a place or person; an escort 警卫队，护卫队 4 Brit.  an official who rides with and is in general charge of a train [英]列车长 5  a part of an army detached for some purpose (军队里为某项任务而派出的)分谴队，小分队  advance guard  先头部队 6 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. 通常作 Guards)  any of various bodies of troops nominally employed to guard a monarch 近卫军 7  a thing that protects or defends 防护装置 8 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a device fitted to a machine, vehicle, weapon, etc., to prevent injury or accident to the user (机械或武器等上保护使用者免受伤害或意外的)防护装置  fireguard  炉栏；防火道 9 N. Amer.  a prison warder [北美]监狱看守 10  in some sports: 某些运动中的a  a protective or defensive player 后卫b  a defensive posture or motion 防护姿势，防护动作 □ be on (or keep or stand) guard  (of a sentry etc.) keep watch (哨兵等)站岗，值勤，警戒□ lower one's guard   reduce vigilance against attack 放松戒备(或警惕)□ off (or off one's) guard   unprepared for some surprise or difficulty 毫无警惕(或戒备)□ on (or on one's) guard   prepared for all contingencies; vigilant 警戒，提防□ raise one's guard   become vigilant against attack 提高警惕；加强戒备 [Middle English from Old French garde, garder, ultimately from West Germanic: related to WARD n.]

guardant /ˈɡɑ:d(ə)nt/ adj. Heraldry  depicted with the body sideways and the face towards the viewer 【纹章学】(纹章上的动物)兽身为侧面而兽面为正面的

guard cell n. Bot.  either of a pair of cells surrounding the stomata in plants 【植】保卫细胞(指植物叶片表皮层的每个气孔周围的两个专化细胞中的一个)

guarded /ˈɡɑ:did/ adj. (of a remark etc.) cautious, avoiding commitment (指谈论等)小心谨慎的，有保留的 □ guardedly  adv.  □ guardedness  n.  

guard hair n.  each of the long coarse hairs forming an animal's outer fur 针毛(指密毛兽的粗长外毛，起保护其下的软毛的作用)

guardhouse /ˈɡɑ:dhaʊs/ n.  a building used to accommodate a military guard or to detain prisoners 警卫队队部；拘留所，禁闭所

guardian /ˈɡɑ:diən/ n.  1  a defender, protector, or keeper 保卫者，保护者，保管者 2  a person having legal custody of another person and his or her property when that person is incapable of managing his or her own affairs (法律上的)监护人 3  the superior of a Franciscan convent 圣方济各会修道院院长 □ guardianship  n.  监护人的职责 [Middle English via Anglo-French gardein, Old French garden from Frankish: related to WARD, WARDEN]

guardian angel n.  a spirit conceived as watching over a person or place 守护天使

guard rail n.  a rail, e.g. a handrail, fitted as a support or to prevent an accident 护栏

guard ring n.  a ring-shaped electrode used to limit the extent of an electric field, esp. in a capacitor 保护环(一种戒指状电极，尤指在电容器中用于限制电场)

guardroom /ˈɡɑ:dru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room with the same purpose as a guardhouse 卫兵室；禁闭室

guardsman /ˈɡɑ:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a soldier belonging to a body of guards 卫兵，哨兵 2 (in the UK) a soldier of a regiment of Guards (英国)近卫军

guard's van n. Brit.  a railway coach or compartment occupied by a guard [英]守车(火车上警卫人员乘坐的车厢)

Guatemala   危地马拉

Guatemalan /ˌgwætiˈmɑ:lən/ adj. & n.  危地马拉的(人)

guava /ˈɡwɑ:və/ n.  1  a small tropical American tree, Psidium guajava, bearing an edible pale orange fruit with pink juicy flesh (一种生长在南美热带地区的矮小树种)番石榴树，番石榴(结淡橘黄色果实，果肉粉色多汁，可食) 2  this fruit 番石榴果 [Spanish guayaba, probably from a S. American name]

guayule /ɡwaiˈu:li/ n.  1  a silver-leaved shrub, Parthenium argentatum, native to Mexico 银胶菊(原产于墨西哥，银色灌木) 2  a rubber substitute made from the sap of this plant 银菊胶(一种天然橡胶，用银胶菊的胶乳制成) [Latin American Spanish, from Nahuatl cuauhuli]

gubbins /ˈɡʌbinz/ n. Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  paraphernalia [口]个人随身用品 2  a gadget 小机械，小器具 3  something of little value; rubbish 不值钱的东西；废物 4 archaic  a foolish person [古义]傻瓜 [originally = fragments, from obsolete gobbon: perhaps related to GOBBET]

gubernatorial /ɡju:bənəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. esp. US  of or relating to a governor [尤美]州长的；与州长有关的 [Latin gubernator ‘governor’]

gudgeon1 /ˈɡʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a small European freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, often used as bait 鮈鱼(产于欧洲的淡水小鱼，常用作鱼饵) 2  a credulous or easily fooled person 轻信的人，容易受骗的人 [Middle English via Old French goujon from Latin gobio -onis GOBY]

gudgeon2 /ˈɡʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  any of various kinds of pivot working a wheel, bell, etc. 耳轴 2  the tubular part of a hinge into which the pin fits to effect the joint 轴柱(头) 3  a socket at the stern of a boat, into which a rudder is fitted 舵枢 4  a pin holding two blocks of stone etc. together 系石销 [Middle English from Old French goujon, diminutive of gouge GOUGE]

gudgeon pin n. Brit.  a pin holding a piston rod and a connecting rod together [英]活塞销

guelder rose /ˈɡeldə/ n.  a deciduous shrub, Viburnum opulus, with round bunches of creamy-white flowers. Also called 亦称作 snowball tree 欧洲荚蒾(落叶灌木、开淡白色绣球花) [Dutch geldersch from Gelderland, a province in the Netherlands]

guenon /ɡəˈnɒn/ n.  any African monkey of the genus Cercopithecus, having a characteristic long tail, e.g. the vervet 非洲产长尾猴(如长尾黑颚猴) [French: ultimate origin unknown]

guerdon /ˈɡɜ:d(ə)n/ n. & v. poet. [诗] ●n.  a reward or recompense 报酬，报尝 ●v. tr.  give a reward to 给以报酬，奖赏 [Middle English via Old French guerdon and medieval Latin widerdonum from West Germanic widarlōn (as WITH, LOAN1), assimilated to Latin donum ‘gift’]

Guernsey /ˈɡɜ:nzi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a  an animal of a breed of dairy cattle from Guernsey in the Channel Islands 格恩西乳牛(一种产于英吉利海峡格恩西岛上的乳牛品种)b  this breed 格恩西乳牛种 2 (作 guernsey)  a  a thick (originally fisherman's) sweater of esp. oiled dark blue wool 格恩西衫(尤指深蓝色可防水的羊毛衫，最初为水手所穿)b Austral.  a football shirt [澳]足球运动衫 □ get a guernsey  Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  be selected for a football team 被足球队选中 2  gain recognition 得到承认

Guernsey lily n.  a nerine, Nerine sarniensis, originally from S. Africa, with large pink lily-like flowers 格恩西尼润(一种尼润属植物，原产于非洲南部，开大朵粉色花朵，形如百合)

guerrilla /ɡəˈrilə/ n. (also 亦作 guerilla)  a member of a small independently acting (usu. political) group taking part in irregular fighting, esp. against larger regular forces 游击队员 [Spanish, diminutive of guerra ‘war’]

guerrilla war n. (also 亦作 guerrilla warfare)  fighting by or with guerrillas 游击战(争)

guess /ɡes/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  estimate without calculation or measurement, or on the basis of inadequate data 猜想，估计，推测 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that etc. + clause, or to + infin.)  form a hypothesis or opinion about; conjecture; think likely 推断，推测  cannot guess how you did it  想不出你是怎么做的 guess them to be Italian  估计他们是意大利人 3 tr.  conjecture or estimate correctly by guessing 猜出，猜中，猜对  you have to guess the weight  你得估出重量 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  make a conjecture about 推测，猜测 ●n.  an estimate or conjecture reached by guessing 猜测，猜想 □ anybody's (or anyone's) guess   something very vague or difficult to determine 大家都拿不准的事□ I guess  colloq.  I think it likely; I suppose [口]我猜想，我估计；我认为□ keep a person guessing  colloq.  withhold information [口]不吐露，隐瞒□ guessable  adj.  □ guesser  n.   [Middle English gesse, of uncertain origin: cf. Old Swedish gissa, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch gissen: from the root of GET v.]

guess-rope var.  of GUEST-ROPE  GUEST-ROPE 的变体

guesstimate n. & v. (also 亦作 guestimate) colloq. [口] ●n. /ˈɡestimət/  an estimate based more on guesswork than calculation (凭猜测的)估计；约略估计 ●v. tr. /ˈɡestimeit/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  form a guesstimate of 估计；瞎猜 [GUESS + ESTIMATE]

guesswork /ˈɡeswɜ:k/ n.  the process of, or results got by, guessing 猜测；猜测的结果

guest /ɡest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person invited to visit another's house or have a meal etc. at the expense of the inviter 客人，宾客 2  a person lodging at a hotel, boarding house, etc. 住在旅店(寄宿公寓等)的人 3  a  an outside performer invited to take part with a regular body of performers 客串演员；特邀演出者b  a person who takes part by invitation in a radio or television programme 电台、电视台的特邀佳宾 often 常作 attrib.: guest artist  特邀艺术家 4 (作 attrib.)  a  serving or set aside for guests 为客人准备的  guest room  客房 guest night  俱乐部等社团招待来宾的夜晚；来宾之夜b  acting as a guest 客座  guest speaker  客座或特邀演讲者 5  an organism living in close association with another 寄生生物，寄生虫 ●v. intr.  be a guest on a radio or television show or in a theatrical performance etc. (在电台或电视台的节目中)客串 □ be my guest  colloq.  make what use you wish of the available facilities [口]请便□ guest of honour   the most important guest at an occasion 贵宾□ guestship  n.   [Middle English via Old Norse gestr from Germanic]

guest beer n. Brit. [英]  1 (in a tied public house) a beer offered in addition to those produced by the brewery (啤酒厂特设的或特约经营的酒店里所出售的)非本厂生产的啤酒 2 (in a free house) a beer available only temporarily (不受酿酒厂约束的出售多种啤酒等的酒馆里出售的)只是临时有货的啤酒

guest house n.  a private house offering paid accommodation 家庭旅馆

guestimate var.  of GUESSTIMATE  GUESSTIMATE 的变体

guest-rope n. (also 亦作 guess-rope)  1  a second rope fastened to a boat in tow to steady it 稳定缆绳(拖船上的第二根绳) 2  a rope slung outside a ship to give a hold for boats coming alongside 扶手绳，攀索 [17th c.: origin uncertain]

guest worker n.  = GASTARBEITER  [translation of German]

guff /ɡʌf/ n. slang  empty talk; nonsense [俚语]胡扯，闲聊 [19th c., originally = ‘puff’: imitative]

guffaw /ɡəˈfɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a coarse or boisterous laugh 哄笑，大笑，狂笑 ●v.  1 intr.  utter a guffaw 哄笑，大笑 2 tr.  say with a guffaw 大笑着说 [originally Scots: imitative]

Guiana /gaiˈænə/ n.  圭亚那地区 [南美洲]

Guianan /gaiˈænən/ adj. & n.  圭亚那地区的(人)

guidance /ˈɡaid(ə)ns/ n.  1  advice or information aimed at resolving a problem, difficulty, etc. 指导，引导，领导 2  the action or process of guiding or being guided 指导；制导  missile guidance  导弹制导

guide /ɡaid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who leads or shows the way, or directs the movements of a person or group 向导，带路者 2  a person who conducts visitors or tourists on tours etc. 导游 3  a professional mountain climber in charge of a group 职业登山向导 4  an adviser 指导者 5  a directing principle or standard 指导原则，准则  one's feelings are a bad guide  人的感觉往往不准 6  a book with essential information on a subject, esp. = GUIDEBOOK 指南(尤指) 7  a thing marking a position or guiding the eye 路标，指向牌 8  a soldier, vehicle, or ship whose position determines the movements of others 基准兵，向导车，向导舰 9 Mech. 【机】  a  a bar, rod, etc., directing the motion of something 导杆b  a gauge etc. controlling a tool 导轨 10 (作 Guide) Brit.  a member of the Guides Association, an organization similar to the Scouts [英]女童子军 ●v. tr.  1  a  act as guide to; lead or direct 引导，领导，指导b  arrange the course of (events) 指挥，指导 2  be the principle, motive, or ground of (an action, judgement, etc.) 指导(人的行动、判断等) 3  direct the affairs of (a state etc.) 管理 □ guidable  adj.  □ guider  n.   [Middle English from Old French guide (n.), guider (v.), earlier guier; ultimately from Germanic: related to WIT2]

guidebook /ˈɡaidbʊk/ n.  a book of information about a place for visitors, tourists, etc. 手册，指南，要览

guided missile n.  a missile directed to its target by remote control or by equipment within itself 导弹

guide dog n.  a dog trained to guide a blind person (为盲人引路的)导盲犬

Guide Guider n.  the adult leader of a company of Guides (see 见 GUIDE n. 10) 女童子军的成人领队

guideline /ˈɡaidlain/ n.  a principle or criterion guiding or directing action (政策的)指导方针，指导原则，准则

guidepost /ˈɡaidpəʊst/ n.  = SIGNPOST 

Guider /ˈɡaidə/ n. Brit.  an adult leader in the Guides Association [英]女童子军的成人领队

guide rope n.  a rope guiding the movement of a crane, airship, etc. (起吊时用的)导向绳，(飞艇起飞前用的)拉索

guideway /ˈɡaidwei/ n.  a groove or track that guides movement 导沟，导向槽，导轨

guidon /ˈɡaid(ə)n/ n.  a pennant narrowing to a point or fork at the free end, esp. one used as the standard of a regiment of dragoons (三角形或燕尾形)队旗，长标旗 [French from Italian guidone, from guida GUIDE]

guild /ɡild/ n. (also 亦作 gild)  1  an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal 联合会，协会 2  a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants (中世纪的)行会，同业公会 [Middle English, probably via Middle Low German, Middle Dutch gilde from Germanic: related to Old English gild ‘payment, sacrifice’]

guilder /ˈɡildə/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of the Netherlands 荷兰盾(荷兰货币单位) 2 hist.  a gold coin of the Netherlands and Germany [史义] (旧时在荷兰、德国通用的)金币 [Middle English, alteration of Dutch gulden: see GULDEN]

guildhall /ɡildˈhɔ:l, ˈɡild-/ n.  1  a  the meeting place of a guild or corporation (中世纪行会的)会馆b Brit.  a town hall [英]市政厅 2 (作 Guildhall)  the hall of the Corporation of the City of London, used for ceremonial occasions 伦敦市政厅

guildsman /ˈɡildzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. guildswoman, pl. -women)  a member of a guild (中世纪的)行会或同业公会会员

guile /ɡail/ n.  treachery, deceit; cunning or sly behaviour 欺诈，欺骗；狡猾 □ guileful  adj.  □ guilefully  adv.  □ guileless  adj.  □ guilelessly  adv.  □ guilelessness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, probably from Germanic]

guillemot /ˈɡilimɒt/ n.  any narrow-billed auk of the genus Uria or Cepphus, nesting on cliffs or islands 海鸽，海鸠(嘴狭长，筑巢于岩上或岛上) [French, diminutive of Guillaume ‘William’]

guilloche /ɡiˈləʊʃ, -ˈlɒʃ/ n.  an architectural or metalwork ornament imitating braided ribbons (建筑或金属加工的)扭索状装饰，连环结 [French guillochis (or guilloche, the tool used)]

guillotine /ˈɡiləti:n, ɡiləˈti:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine with a heavy knife blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading 断头台 2  a device for cutting paper, metal, etc., by means of a descending blade 切纸机，(金属)截切机 3  a surgical instrument with a sliding blade for excising the tonsils etc. 铡除刀(用于切除扁桃体等的手术器具，带滑动刀片) 4 Brit. Parl.  a method of preventing delay in the discussion of a legislative bill by fixing times at which various parts of it must be voted on [英] [议] (议会中)截止辩论的时限 ●v. tr.  1  use a guillotine on 用断头台处死；用切纸机或截切机切割 2 Brit. Parl.  end discussion of (a bill) by applying a guillotine [英] [议] (议会中)截止辩论(某事) □ guillotiner  n.   [French, named after J.-I. Guillotin, French physician (d. 1814), who recommended its use for executions in 1789]

guilt /ɡilt/ n.  1  the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence 有罪；犯罪 2  a  culpability 过失b  the feeling of this 内疚 [Old English gylt, of unknown origin]

guilt complex n.  a mental obsession with the idea of having done wrong 犯罪情结；过失情结

guiltless /ɡiltlis/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of an offence)  innocent 无辜的，无罪的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not having knowledge or possession of 不知的，无经验的，没有…的 □ guiltlessly  adv.  □ guiltlessness  n.   [Old English gyltlēas (as GUILT, -LESS)]

guilty /ɡilti/ adj. (guiltier, guiltiest)  1  culpable of or responsible for a wrong 有罪的；犯了错误的 2  conscious of or affected by guilt 自觉有罪的，内疚的  a guilty conscience  自疚，问心有愧 a guilty look  一副内疚的样子 3  concerning guilt 犯罪的  a guilty secret  罪恶的秘密 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  having committed a (specified) offence 犯有(某项)过失的b Law  adjudged to have committed a specified offence, esp. by a verdict in a trial 【法律】对(某事)有罪责的 □ guiltily  adv.  □ guiltiness  n.   [Old English gyltig (as GUILT, -Y1)]

guimp var.  of GIMP1  GIMP1 的变体

Guinea   几内亚

guinea /ˈɡini/ n.  1 Brit.  the sum of 21 old shillings (£ 1.05), used esp. in determining professional fees and auction prices [英] (英国旧时的)基尼(值 21 旧先令，已停止流通) 2 hist.  a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings, first coined for the African trade [史义] (英国旧时的)金币(值 21 先令，最初为与非洲的贸易而制造) [Guinea in W. Africa]

Guinea-Bissau   几内亚比绍

guinea fowl n.  any African fowl of the family Numididae, esp. Numida meleagris, with slate-coloured white-spotted plumage (产于非洲的)珠鸡(长有带白色斑点的灰蓝色漂亮羽毛)

Guinean /ˈginiən/ adj. & n.  几内亚的(人)

guinea pig n.  1  a domesticated S. American cavy, Cavia porcellus, kept as a pet or for research in biology etc. 天竺鼠，豚鼠(常作宠物或生物研究对象) 2  a person or thing used as a subject for experiment 供实验用的人或动物，实验品

Guinea worm n.  a very long parasitic nematode worm, Dracunculus medinensis, which lives under the skin of infected people in rural tropical Africa and Asia 麦地那龙线虫(非洲和亚洲热带农村一种生活在被感染者皮下组织的线虫)

guipure /ɡiˈpjʊə/ n.  a heavy lace of linen pieces joined by embroidery 网络花边，凸纹花边 [French, from guiper ‘cover with silk etc.’, from Germanic]

guise /ɡaiz/ n.  1  an assumed appearance; a pretence 貌似；伪装  in the guise of  在…外衣下 under the guise of  装作 2  external appearance 外观 3 archaic  style of attire, garb [古义]装束 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Germanic]

guitar /ɡiˈtɑ:/ n.  a usu. six-stringed musical instrument with a fretted fingerboard, played by plucking with the fingers or a plectrum 吉他；六弦琴 □ guitarist  n.   [Spanish guitarra (partly through French guitare) from Greek kithara: see CITTERN, GITTERN]

guiver /ˈɡaivə/ n. (also 亦作 gyver) Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  plausible talk 花言巧语 2  affectation of speech or manner 矫揉造作的言谈或举止 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Gujarati /ɡu:dʒəˈrɑ:ti, ɡʊ-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Gujerati) ●n. (pl. Gujaratis)  1  the language of Gujarat in W. India (印度的)古吉拉特语 2  a native of Gujarat 古吉拉特邦的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Gujarat or its language 古吉拉特邦的；古吉拉特语的 [Hindustani: see -I2]

gulch /ɡʌltʃ/ n. N. Amer.  a ravine, esp. one in which a torrent flows [北美]急流峡谷 [perhaps from dialect gulch ‘to swallow’]

gulden /ˈɡʊld(ə)n/ n.  = GUILDER  [Dutch & German, = GOLDEN]

gules /ɡju:lz/ n. & adj. (usu. placed after noun 通常置于名词后) Heraldry  red 【纹章学】红色(的) [Middle English from Old French goules ‘red-dyed fur neck ornaments’, from gole ‘throat’]

gulf /ɡʌlf/ n.  1  a stretch of sea consisting of a deep inlet with a narrow mouth 海湾 2 (作 the Gulf)  a  the Persian Gulf 波斯湾b  the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾 3  a deep hollow; a chasm or abyss 深坑，深渊 4  a wide difference of feelings, opinion, etc. (情感的)鸿沟，(意见等的)巨大分歧 [Middle English via Old French golfe from Italian golfo, ultimately from Greek kolpos ‘bosom, gulf’]

Gulf of Mexico /ˈmeksikəu/ n.  墨西哥湾

Gulf Stream n.  a warm ocean current flowing from the Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland, across the North Atlantic Ocean, and along the coast of NW Europe 墨西哥湾流(从墨西哥湾穿过北大西洋沿欧洲西北海岸至纽芬兰的海洋暖流)

gulfweed /ˈɡʌlfwi:d/ n.  = SARGASSO 

gull1 /ɡʌl/ n.  any of various long-winged web-footed seabirds of the family Laridae, typically having white plumage with a grey or black mantle, and a bright bill 海鸥 □ gullery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English, ultimately from Celtic]

gull2 /ɡʌl/ v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动； foll. by 后跟 into)  dupe, fool 欺骗，哄骗 [perhaps from obsolete gull ‘yellow’, from Old Norse gulr]

Gullah /ˈɡʌlə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Negro people living on the coast of S. Carolina or the nearby sea islands (美国南卡罗来纳州的)格勒族黑人 2  the Creole language spoken by them 格勒语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Gullahs or their language 格勒族人的；格勒语的 [perhaps a shortening of Angola, or from a tribal name Golas]

gullet /ˈɡʌlit/ n.  1  the food-passage extending from the mouth to the stomach; the oesophagus 食道 2  the throat 咽喉 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of go(u)le ‘throat’, from Latin gula]

gulley var.  of GULLY  n. GULLY 名词的变体

gullible /ˈɡʌlib(ə)l/ adj.  easily persuaded or deceived; credulous 易受欺骗的；轻信的 □ gullibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ gullibly  adv.   [GULL2 + -IBLE]

gully /ˈɡʌli/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 gulley) (pl. -ies or -eys)  1  a water-worn ravine 水冲沟 2  a deep artificial channel; a gutter or drain 沟渠；排水沟，阴沟 3 Austral. & NZ  a river valley [澳新]峡谷，涧谷 4 Cricket 【板球】  a  the fielding position between point and slips (后卫与外场员之间的)防守位置b  a fielder in this position 处于防守位置的守场员 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  form (channels) by water action (用水流)冲成沟渠 2  make gullies in 在…上开沟 [French goulet ‘bottle-neck’ (as GULLET)]

gully-hole n.  an opening in a street to a drain or sewer (阴沟、下水道的)进水口

gulp /ɡʌlp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  swallow hastily, greedily, or with effort 快速或贪婪地吞咽 2 intr.  swallow gaspingly or with difficulty; choke 大口吞咽；吃力地吞咽；呛住；噎住 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 down, back)  stifle, suppress (esp. tears) 深呼吸，大喘气，喘长气 ●n.  1  an act of gulping 吞咽  drained it in one gulp  一口吞下 2  an effort to swallow 努力吞下 3  a large mouthful of a drink 一大口饮料 □ gulper  n.  □ gulpy  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch gulpen (imitative)]

gum1 /ɡʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a viscous secretion of some trees and shrubs that hardens on drying but is soluble in water (cf. 参见 RESIN n. 1) 树脂，树胶b Brit.  an adhesive substance made from this [英] (用树脂做成的)胶 2 N. Amer.  chewing gum [北美]口香糖 3  = GUMDROP  4  = GUM ARABIC  5  = GUM TREE  6  a secretion collecting in the corner of the eye 眼屎 7 US [美]  = GUMBOOT  ●v. (gummed, gumming)  1 tr.  smear or cover with gum 用胶粘，涂胶 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, together, etc.)  fasten with gum 用胶粘合 3 intr.  exude gum 分泌树胶 □ gum up   1 (of a mechanism etc.) become clogged or obstructed with stickiness (指机器)出毛病，停机 2 colloq.  interfere with the smooth running of [口]搞乱，弄坏  gum up the works  把事情搞糟 [Middle English from Old French gomme, ultimately from Latin gummi, cummi, via Greek kommi from Egyptian kemai]

gum2 /ɡʌm/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the firm flesh around the roots of the teeth 牙龈，牙床 [Old English gōma, related to Old High German guomo, Old Norse gómr ‘roof or floor of the mouth’]

gum3 /ɡʌm/ n. colloq. [口]   □ by gum!   a mild oath 向天发誓！的的确确！ [corruption of God]

gum arabic n.  a gum exuded by some kinds of acacia and used as glue and in incense 阿拉伯树胶(取自金合欢树，用于制胶和制薰香)

gum benjamin n.  = BENZOIN 1 

gumbo /ˈɡʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) N. Amer. [北美]  1  okra 秋葵(荚) 2  a spicy chicken or seafood soup thickened with okra, rice, etc. (用秋葵荚、大米等做的)浓汤 3 (作 Gumbo)  a patois of blacks and Creoles spoken esp. in Louisiana (尤指路易斯安那州的克里奥白人和黑人用的方言)冈波语 [of African origin]

gumboil /ˈɡʌmbɔil/ n.  a small abscess on the gums 齿龈脓肿，齿龈溃疡

gumboot /ˈɡʌmbu:t/ n.  a rubber boot; a wellington 橡胶靴；威灵顿长筒靴

gum dragon n.  tragacanth 龙胶，黄蓍胶(黄蓍属植物的胶质渗出物)

gumdrop /ˈɡʌmdrɒp/ n.  a soft coloured sweet made with gelatin or gum arabic (用阿拉伯树胶等制成的)胶母糖，橡皮糖

gum juniper n.  sandarac 山达脂，香松树胶(从非洲香松树取得的天然树脂)

gumma /ˈɡʌmə/ n. (pl. gummas or gummata /-mətə/) Med.  a small soft swelling occurring in the connective tissue of the liver, brain, testes, and heart, and characteristic of the late stages of syphilis 【医】(晚期梅毒的)梅毒瘤，树胶样肿 □ gummatous  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin gummi GUM1]

gummy1 /ˈɡʌmi/ adj. (gummier, gummiest)  1  viscous, sticky 稠的，黏的 2  suffused with or exuding gum 含(大量)树胶的；渗出(或产)树胶的 □ gumminess  n.   [Middle English, from GUM1 + -Y1]

gummy2 /ˈɡʌmi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (gummier, gummiest)  toothless 无牙的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 gummy shark)  a small shark, Mustelus antarcticus, of Australasian coasts, having rounded teeth with which it crushes hard-shelled prey 白斑星鲨 2 Austral. & NZ  a toothless sheep [澳新]牙齿脱尽的羊 □ gummily  adv.   [GUM2 + -Y1]

gumption /ˈɡʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n. colloq. [口]  1  resourcefulness, initiative; enterprising spirit 足智多谋；进取心，事业心 2  common sense 常识，情理 [18th-c. Scots: origin unknown]

gum resin n.  a vegetable secretion of resin mixed with gum, e.g. gamboge 树胶树脂

gumshield /ˈɡʌmʃi:ld/ n.  a pad protecting a boxer's teeth and gums (拳击运动员的)护齿

gumshoe /ˈɡʌmʃu:/ n.  1  a galosh (雨天用的)胶套鞋 2 N. Amer. slang  a detective [北美] [俚语]侦探，密探

gum tree n.  a tree exuding gum, esp. a eucalyptus 产树胶的树(尤指树胶桉) □ up a gum tree  Brit. colloq.  in great difficulties [英口]有很大困难；在困境之中

gum turpentine  see 见 TURPENTINE n. 1 

gun /ɡʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a kind of weapon (of any size from a hand-held pistol to a mounted piece of artillery), consisting of a metal tube from which bullets or other missiles are propelled by explosive force 枪，炮 2  any device imitative of this, e.g. a starting pistol 类似枪的器具(如起跑信号枪) 3  a device for discharging insecticide, grease, electrons, etc., in the required direction 喷射器，喷注器 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : grease gun  滑脂枪 4 Brit.  a member of a shooting party [英]狩猎队的一员 5 N. Amer.  a gunman [北美]杀手，枪手 6  the firing of a gun 开枪，鸣放 7 (in pl. 用复数) Naut. slang  a gunnery officer 【海】[俚语]射击指挥官 ●v. (gunned, gunning)  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  shoot (a person) with a gun (用枪)射杀(某人) 2 tr. colloq.  accelerate (an engine or vehicle) [口]加速，加大油门 3 intr.  go shooting 用枪射击 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  seek out determinedly to attack or rebuke 寻找机会攻击(或指责)某人 □ go great guns  colloq.  proceed forcefully or vigorously or successfully [口]快速有成效地干□ jump the gun  colloq.  start before a signal is given, or before an agreed time [口] (赛跑时)抢跑；过早行动□ stick to one's guns  colloq.  maintain one's position under attack [口]坚守阵地；坚持己见□ gunless  adj.  □ gunned  adj.   [Middle English gunne, gonne, perhaps from the Scandinavian name Gunnhildr, from gunnr + hildr, both meaning ‘war’]

gunboat /ˈɡʌnbəʊt/ n.  a small vessel of shallow draught and with relatively heavy guns 炮艇

gunboat diplomacy n.  political negotiation supported by the use or threat of military force (以武力威胁作后盾的)炮舰外交

gun carriage n.  a wheeled support for a gun 炮架

gun cotton n.  an explosive used for blasting, made by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids 火(药)棉，硝棉，强棉药(用作炸药)

gun crew n.  a team manning a gun (负责一门炮的)炮手组，(负责一挺机枪的)机枪手组

gun-deck n.  1  a deck on a ship on which guns are placed 炮位甲板 2 hist.  the lowest such deck on a battleship [史义]战舰的底舱炮位

gun dog n.  a dog trained to follow sportsmen using guns and to retrieve game (跟随带枪猎人的)猎犬

gunfight /ˈɡʌnfait/ n.  a fight with firearms 枪战，炮战 □ gunfighter  n.  枪手，枪战老手

gunfire /ˈɡʌnfaiə/ n.  1  the firing of a gun or guns, esp. repeatedly 炮火 2  the noise from this 炮火声

gunge /ɡʌn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  sticky or viscous matter, esp. when messy or indeterminate 半流质的黏东西 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  clog or obstruct with gunge 被黏东西塞住(或阻塞) □ gungy  adj.   [20th c.: origin uncertain: cf. GOO, GUNK]

gung-ho /ɡʌŋˈhəʊ/ adj.  1  enthusiastic, eager 热情的；热心的 2  uninhibited; quick to take action 无拘束的；有干劲的 [Chinese gonghe ‘work together’, slogan adopted by US Marines in 1942]

gunk /ɡʌŋk/ n. slang  viscous or liquid material [俚语]黏糊的东西 [20th c.: originally the proprietary name of a detergent]

gunlock /ˈɡʌnlɒk/ n.  a mechanism by which the charge of a gun is exploded 炮机，枪机

gunmaker /ˈɡʌnmeikə/ n.  a manufacturer of guns 枪炮制造商；枪炮制造工

gunman /ˈɡʌnmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man armed with a gun, esp. in committing a crime 持枪抢劫或杀人的歹徒

gunmetal /ˈɡʌnmet(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 gunmetal grey, gunmetal blue)  a dull bluish-grey colour 炮铜色 2  an alloy of copper and tin or zinc (formerly used for guns) 炮铜；炮合金(铜与锡或锌组成的合金，从前用来制造大炮) ●adj. (in full 全称 gunmetal grey, gunmetal blue; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  dull bluish grey 炮铜色的  gunmetal-grey wings  暗灰色的机翼(或羽翼)

gunnel1 /ˈɡʌn(ə)l/ n.  any small eel-shaped marine fish of the family Pholidae, esp. Pholis gunnellus Also called 亦称作 butterfish 锦鳚科鱼 [17th c.: origin unknown]

gunnel2 var.  of GUNWALE  GUNWALE 的变体

gunner /ˈɡʌnə/ n.  1 Brit.  an artillery soldier (esp. as an official term for a private) [英]炮兵(尤用作对普通(二等)兵的正式称呼) 2 Naut.  a warrant officer in charge of a battery, magazine, etc. 【海】枪炮士官长 3  a member of an aircraft crew who operates a gun 飞机上的枪炮手 4  a person who hunts game with a gun 持枪打猎的人

gunnera /ˈɡʌn(ə)rə, ɡʌˈniərə/ n.  any plant of the genus Gunnera from S. America and New Zealand, having large leaves and often grown for ornament 根乃拉草(产于南美和新西兰，叶大，常用于装饰) [modern Latin, named after J. E. Gunnerus, Norwegian botanist d. 1773]

gunnery /ˈɡʌnəri/ n.  1  the construction and management of large guns 枪炮制造与射击学 2  the firing of guns 枪炮射击

gunny /ˈɡʌni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  coarse sacking, usu. of jute fibre 粗黄麻布 2  a sack made of this 黄麻麻袋 [Hindi & Marathi gōnī from Sanskrit gōni ‘sack’]

gunplay /ˈɡʌnplei/ n.  the use of guns 交火，射击

gunpoint /ˈɡʌnpɔint/ n.   □ at gunpoint   threatened with a gun or an ultimatum etc. 在枪口威胁下

gunpowder /ˈɡʌnpaʊdə/ n.  1  an explosive made of saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal 火药，黑色火药，有烟火药 2  a fine green tea of granular appearance 中国珠茶，圆珠茶(搓成圆形颗粒的绿茶)

gunpower /ˈɡʌnpaʊə/ n.  the strength or quantity of available guns 火力

gunroom /ˈɡʌnru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room in a house for storing sporting guns (住宅中的)猎枪储藏室 2 Brit.  quarters for junior officers (originally for gunners) in a warship [英] (英国军舰上的)下级军官住舱(原为枪炮手住舱)

gun-runner n.  a person engaged in the illegal sale or importing of firearms 军火走私商 □ gun-running  n.  军火走私

gunship /ˈɡʌnʃip/ n.  a heavily armed helicopter or other aircraft 武装(直升)飞机

gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n.  1  a shot fired from a gun (射出的)炮弹或枪弹 2  the range of a gun (枪或炮的)射程  within gunshot  射程以内

gun-shy adj. (esp. of a sporting dog) alarmed at the report of a gun (尤指猎犬)怕枪的，怕枪炮声的

gunsight /ˈɡʌnsait/ n.  a sight on a gun (see 见 SIGHT n. 6a) 瞄准器，瞄准具

gun-site n. Brit.  a (usu. fortified) emplacement for a gun [英]火炮阵地

gunslinger /ˈɡʌnsliŋə/ n. slang  a gunman [俚语]持枪歹徒 □ gunslinging  n.  

gunsmith /ˈɡʌnsmiθ/ n.  a person who makes, sells, and repairs small firearms 枪炮匠，枪炮工(造枪，卖枪及修枪者)

gunstock /ˈɡʌnstɒk/ n.  the wooden mounting of the barrel of a gun 枪托

Gunter's chain /ˈɡʌntəz/ n. Surveying 【测量学】  1  a measuring chain of 66 ft 冈特氏测链(长 66 英尺，用于丈量长度) 2  this length as a unit (66 英尺)测链(长度单位) [named after E. Gunter, English mathematician d. 1626]

gunwale /ˈɡʌn(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 gunnel)  the upper edge of the side of a boat or ship 舷缘，舷边 [GUN + WALE (because formerly used to support guns)]

gunyah /ˈɡʌnjə/ n. Austral.  an Aboriginal bush hut [澳] (灌木丛中土著人的)小屋 [Dharuk ganyi ‘house, hut’]

guppy /ˈɡʌpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a freshwater fish, Poecilia reticulata, of the W. Indies and S. America, giving birth to live young and frequently kept in aquariums 虹鳉，古比鱼(一种淡水胎生热带鱼，产于西印度和南美，常养于水族馆) [named after R. J. L. Guppy, 19th-c. Trinidadian clergyman who sent the first specimen to the British Museum]

gurdwara /ɡʊəˈdwɑ:rə, ɡɜ:ˈdwɑ:rə/ n.  a Sikh temple 谒师所(印度锡克教寺庙) [Punjabi gurduɑˉrɑˉ, from Sanskrit guru ‘teacher’ + dvɑˉra ‘door’]

gurgle /ˈɡɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a bubbling sound as of water from a bottle 弄出如同水在瓶中冒泡的声音 2 tr.  utter with such a sound 发出冒泡声 ●n.  a gurgling sound 冒泡声 [imitative, or from Dutch gorgelen, German gurgeln, or medieval Latin gurgulare, from Latin gurgulio ‘gullet’]

Gurkha /ˈɡɜ:kə, ˈɡʊəkə/ n.  1  a member of the dominant Hindu race in Nepal (尼泊尔的)廓尔克族人 2  a Nepalese soldier serving in the British army 英国军队中的尼泊尔士兵 [native name, from Sanskrit go ‘cow’ + raks ‘protect’]

gurn /ɡɜ:n/ v. intr. (also 亦作 girn) esp. dial.  grimace, pull a face (esp. for a competition) [尤方]拌鬼脸，作苦相(尤指为比赛而作) □ gurner  n.  □ gurning  n.   [dialect variant of GRIN]

gurnard /ˈɡɜ:nəd/ n. (also 亦作 gurnet /ˈɡɜ:nit/)  any marine fish of the family Triglidae, having a large spiny head with mailed sides, and three finger-like pectoral rays used for walking on the seabed etc. 豹鲂鮄(头大而尖，体侧有铠甲状鳞片，并长有三条指状胸鳍用以在海床等处行走) [Middle English via Old French gornart, from grondir ‘to grunt’, from Latin grunnire]

guru /ˈɡʊru:, ˈɡu:ru:/ n.  1  a Hindu spiritual teacher or head of a religious sect. 古鲁(印度的宗教领袖) 2  a  an influential teacher 受尊敬、有影响力的教师b  a revered mentor 受尊敬的顾问 [Hindi gurū ‘teacher’ from Sanskrit gurús ‘grave, dignified’]

gush /ɡʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  emit or flow in a sudden and copious stream (突然大量地)流出，泻出，涌出 2 intr.  speak or behave with effusiveness or sentimental affectation 热情洋溢地说(或做)，十分动情地说(或做) ●n.  1  a sudden or copious stream 突然或大量的涌流 2  an effusive or sentimental manner 感情洋溢(或感伤)的态度 □ gushing  adj.  □ gushingly  adv.   [Middle English gosshe, gusche, probably imitative]

gusher /ˈɡʌʃə/ n.  1  an oil well from which oil flows without being pumped 喷油井 2  an effusive person 感情洋溢的人，容易动感情的人

gushy /ˈɡʌʃi/ adj. (gushier, gushiest)  excessively effusive or sentimental 过分多情(或感伤)的 □ gushily  adv.  □ gushiness  n.  

gusset /ˈɡʌsit/ n.  1  a piece let into a garment etc. to strengthen or enlarge a part (为加固或加大衣服而插接于衣服中的)衬料 2  a bracket strengthening an angle of a structure (为加强建筑结构三角形结合部的)结点板，角撑板 □ gusseted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French gousset ‘flexible piece filling up a joint in armour’, from gousse ‘pod, shell’]

gussy /ˈɡʌsi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (esp. in passive 尤用被动； foll. by 后跟 up) colloq.  smarten up, dress up [口] (把…)打扮(或装饰)得漂漂亮亮 [perhaps from Gussie pet form of the name Augustus]

gust /ɡʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden strong rush of wind (突然的)一阵狂风 2  a burst of rain, fire, smoke, or sound 一阵突发的雨、火、烟或声音等 3  a passionate or emotional outburst (感情)迸发 ●v. intr.  blow in gusts (指风)劲吹，猛刮 [Old Norse gustr, related to gjósa ‘to gush’]

gustation /ɡʌˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or capacity of tasting 尝味，味觉 □ gustative  /ˈɡʌstətiv/ adj.  □ gustatory  /ɡʌˈsteit(ə)ri, ˈɡʌstət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French gustation or Latin gustatio, via gustare from gustus ‘taste’]

gusto /ˈɡʌstəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  zest; enjoyment or vigour in doing something 做某事的兴致，热忱 2 (foll. by 后跟 for) archaic  a relish or liking [古义]兴趣，爱好 3 archaic  a style of artistic execution [古义]艺术风格 [Italian, from Latin gustus ‘taste’]

gusty /ˈɡʌsti/ adj. (gustier, gustiest)  1  characterized by or blowing in gusts 阵风的；多风的；起大风的 2  characterized by gusto (感情)迸发的 □ gustily  adv.  □ gustiness  n.  

gut /ɡʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the lower alimentary canal or a part of this; the intestine 消化道的下段，肠 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the bowel or entrails, esp. of animals 肠或内脏(尤指动物的) 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  personal courage and determination; vigorous application and perseverance [口]勇气与决心；胆量；魄力 4 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  the belly as the source of appetite [口]肚子；胃口 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the contents of anything, esp. representing substantiality 内容，内部的主要部分；本质，实质b  the essence of a thing, e.g. of an issue or problem 某事物(如问题或争端)的重要部分 6  a  material for violin or racket strings or surgical use made from the intestines of animals 肠线(用作外科的缝合及小提琴和网球拍的弦)b  material for fishing lines made from the silk-glands of silkworms (钓鱼用的)丝线，鱼钩线 7  a  a narrow water-passage; a sound, straits 狭水道，海岬，海峡b  a defile or narrow passage 狭道，狭巷，狭路 8 (作 attrib.)  a  instinctive 天生的，直觉的，本能的  a gut reaction  本能的反应b  fundamental 基本的，首要的  a gut issue  极其重要的问题 ●v. tr. (gutted, gutting)  1  remove or destroy (esp. by fire) the internal fittings of (a house etc.) 移走或毁坏(尤指用火) (房屋等的)内部装置 2  take out the guts of (a fish) 取出(鱼的)内脏 3 (as 作 gutted adj.) slang  bitterly disappointed; deeply upset [俚语]十分失望，非常苦恼 4  extract the essence of (a book etc.) 抽去(书籍等的)内容 □ hate a person's guts  colloq.  dislike a person intensely [口]对某人恨之入骨□ sweat (or work) one's guts out  colloq.  work extremely hard [口]拼命苦干 [Old English guttas (pl.), probably related to gēotan ‘pour’]

gut flora n.  = INTESTINAL FLORA 

gutless /ˈɡʌtlis/ adj. colloq.  lacking courage or determination; feeble [口]没有勇气(或决心)的，软弱的 □ gutlessly  adv.  □ gutlessness  n.  

gut-rot n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  = ROT-GUT  2  a stomach upset 肠胃不适

gutsy /ˈɡʌtsi/ adj. (gutsier, gutsiest) colloq. [口]  1  courageous 有勇气的 2  greedy 贪婪的 □ gutsily  adv.  □ gutsiness  n.  

gutta-percha /ɡʌtəˈpɜ:tʃə/ n.  a tough plastic substance obtained from the latex of various Malaysian trees 杜仲胶，古塔胶 [Malay getah ‘gum’ + percha, the name of a tree]

guttate /ˈɡʌteit/ adj. Biol.  having droplike markings 【生】有滴状斑点的 [Latin guttatus ‘speckled’ from gutta ‘drop’]

gutter /ˈɡʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shallow trough below the eaves of a house, or a channel at the side of a street, to carry off rainwater 排水檐沟，天沟，街沟 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a poor or degraded background or environment 贫苦低级的生活环境 3  an open conduit along which liquid flows out 开放式水槽，明沟 4  a groove 沟，槽 5  a track made by the flow of water 水纹，水痕 ●v.  1 intr.  flow in streams 流，淌 2 tr.  furrow, channel 开沟，形成河道 3 intr. (of a candle) burn unsteadily and melt away rapidly forming channels in the sides (指蜡)流淌，淌蜡 [Middle English from Anglo-French gotere, Old French gotiere, ultimately from Latin gutta ‘drop’]

guttering /ˈɡʌt(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  a  the gutters of a building etc. 排水系统b  a section or length of a gutter 一段沟槽 2  material for gutters 用于建筑排水系统的材料

gutter press n. Brit.  sensational journalism concerned esp. with the private lives of public figures [英]低级趣味的报纸(热中刊登公众人物的私生活)

guttersnipe /ˈɡʌtəsnaip/ n.  a street urchin 街头流浪儿

guttural /ˈɡʌt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  throaty, harsh-sounding 喉音的，粗嘎的 2  a Phonet. (of a consonant) produced in the throat or by the back of the tongue and palate 【语音】(指辅音)腭音的b (of a sound) coming from the throat (指声音)喉间发出的c  of the throat 咽喉的，嗓子的 ●n. Phonet.  a guttural consonant (e.g. k, ɡ) 【语音】腭音辅音(如 k 音、 ɡ 音) □ gutturally  adv.   [French guttural or medieval Latin gutturalis from Latin guttur ‘throat’]

guv /ɡʌv/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = GOVERNOR 7c  [abbreviation]

Guy /gai/   盖伊 [人名]

guy1 /ɡai/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq.  a man; a fellow [口]男人，家伙，小伙子 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) N. Amer.  a person of either sex [北美]人 3 Brit.  an effigy of Guy Fawkes in ragged clothing, burnt on a bonfire on 5 Nov [英]盖伊(英国盖伊·福克斯的模拟像，穿着破旧衣服，每逢 11 月 5 日焚烧，称“福克斯日”) 4 Brit.  a grotesquely dressed person [英]衣着古怪的人 ●v. tr.  1  ridicule 嘲弄，戏弄 2 Brit.  exhibit in effigy [英]把(某人)制成模拟像嘲弄 [earliest in sense 3, from Guy Fawkes, conspirator in the Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament in 1605]

guy2 /ɡai/ n. & v. ●n.  a rope or chain to secure a tent or steady a crane-load etc. (稳定起吊物或帐篷等的)牵索，拉索 ●v. tr.  secure with a guy or guys 用支索支撑，加固 [probably of Low German origin]

Guyana   圭亚那

Guyanese /gaiəˈni:z/ adj. & n.  圭亚那的(人)

guzzle /ˈɡʌz(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  eat, drink, or consume excessively or greedily 无节制贪婪地吃(喝、消费) □ guzzler  n.   [perhaps from Old French gosiller ‘chatter, vomit’ from gosier ‘throat’]

Gwen /gwen/   格温 [人名]

Gwendoline /ˈgwendəlin/   格温德林 [人名]

GWR abbr. hist.  Great Western Railway [缩略] [史义]大西部铁路

Gy abbr. [缩略]  = GRAY1 

gybe /dʒaib/ v. & n. (US [美] jibe) ●v.  1 intr. (of a fore-and-aft sail or boom) swing across in wearing or running before the wind (顺风或船尾顺风时将船帆自一舷改向另一舷以)改变帆向 2 tr.  cause (a sail) to do this 改变船帆 3 intr. (of a ship or its crew) change course so that this happens (指船或船员)改变航道 ●n.  a change of course causing gybing 改变航道(使帆桁从一舷转到另一舷) [obsolete Dutch gijben]

gym /dʒim/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a gymnasium 体育馆，健身房 2  gymnastics 体操 [abbreviation]

gymkhana /dʒimˈkɑ:nə/ n.  1  a meeting for competition or display in sport, esp. horse-riding 运动会，竞技表演(尤指马术表演) 2 Brit.  a public place with facilities for athletics [英]运动场，体育场 [Hindustani gendkhɑˉna ‘ball-house, racket court’, assimilated to GYMNASIUM]

gymnasium /dʒimˈneiziəm/ n. (pl. gymnasiums or gymnasia /-ziə/)  1  a room or building equipped for gymnastics 体育馆，健身房 2 /also 亦作 ɡimˈnɑ:ziəm/  a school in Germany or Scandinavia that prepares pupils for university entrance (德国或斯堪的那维亚培养学生进入高等学校的)高级中学 □ gymnasial  adj.   [Latin from Greek gumnasion, via gumnazō ‘exercise’ from gumnos ‘naked’]

gymnast /ˈdʒimnæst/ n.  an expert in gymnastics 体育家；体操运动员 [French gymnaste or Greek gumnastēs ‘athlete-trainer’, from gumnazō: see GYMNASIUM]

gymnastic /dʒimˈnæstik/ adj.  of or involving gymnastics 体育的，体操的 □ gymnastically  adv.   [Latin gymnasticus from Greek gumnastikos (as GYMNASIUM)]

gymnastics /dʒimˈnæstiks/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  exercises developing or displaying physical agility and coordination, usu. in competition 体操，体能训练，体育 2  other physical or mental agility of a specified kind 技巧  verbal gymnastics  口头技巧 pianistic gymnastics  钢琴技巧

gymno- /ˈdʒimnəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  bare, naked [构词成分]【生】裸的 [Greek gumnos ‘naked’]

gymnosophist /dʒimˈnɒsəfist/ n.  a member of an ancient Hindu sect wearing little clothing and devoted to contemplation (古印度)穿衣服很少的苦行者，天衣派信徒 □ gymnosophy  n.   [Middle English via French gymnosophiste and Latin gymnosophistae (pl.) from Greek gumnosophistai: see GYMNO-, SOPHIST]

gymnosperm /ˈdʒimnə(ʊ)spɜ:m/ n.  any of various plants having seeds unprotected by an ovary, including the conifers, cycads, and ginkgo (opp. 反义 ANGIOSPERM) 裸子植物 □ gymnospermous  /-ˈspɜ:məs/ adj.  

gymp var.  of GIMP1  GIMP1 的变体

gymslip /ˈdʒimslip/ n. Brit.  a sleeveless tunic, usu. belted, worn by schoolgirls [英] (英国女生的)束腰无袖外衣

gynaeceum var.  of GYNOECIUM  GYNOECIUM 的变体

gynaeco- /ɡainiˈkɒ, ɡaiˈni:kəʊ, dʒ-/ comb. form (US [美] gyneco-)  woman, women; female [构词成分]女性，雌性 [Greek gunē gunaikos ‘woman’]

gynaecology /ɡainiˈkɒlədʒi, dʒ-/ n. (US [美] gynecology)  the science of the physiological functions and diseases of women and girls, esp. those affecting the reproductive system 妇科学，妇科 □ gynaecological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ gynaecologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ gynaecologist  n.  □ gynecologic  /-kəˈlɒdʒik/ adj. US [美] 

gynaecomastia /ˌɡainikə(ʊ)ˈmæstiə/ n. (US [美] gynecomastia) Med.  enlargement of a man's breasts, usu. due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy 【医】男子女性型乳房(由于荷尔蒙失衡或荷尔蒙治疗而引发)

gynandromorph /dʒiˈnændrəmɔ:f, ɡai-/ n. Biol.  an individual, esp. an insect, having male and female characteristics 【生】雌雄嵌体，两性体 □ gynandromorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ gynandromorphism  /-ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.   [formed as GYNANDROUS + Greek morphē ‘form’]

gynandrous /dʒiˈnændrəs, ɡai-/ adj. Bot.  with stamens and pistil united in one column, as in orchids 【植】雌雄蕊合体的(如兰科植物) [Greek gunandros ‘of doubtful sex’, from gunē ‘woman’ + anēr andros ‘man’]

gyneco- US var.  of GYNAECO- [美] GYNAECO- 的变体

gynoecium /ɡaiˈni:siəm, dʒ-/ n. (also 亦作 gynaeceum) (pl. -cia /-siə/) Bot.  the carpels of a flower taken collectively 【植】雌蕊群，雌蕊 [modern Latin, from Greek gunaikeion ‘women's apartments’ (as GYNAECO-, Greek oikos ‘house’)]

-gynous /ˈdʒinəs, ˈɡinəs/ comb. form Bot.  forming adjectives meaning ‘having specified female organs or pistils’ (monogynous 单一雌蕊的) [构词成分]【植】构成形容词，表示“有特定雌性器官或雌蕊的” [Greek -gunos from gunē ‘woman’]

gyp1 /dʒip/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  pain or severe discomfort 疼痛，极度痛苦 2  a scolding 惩罚，痛骂  gave them gyp  把他们痛骂了一顿 [19th c.: perhaps from gee-up (see GEE2)]

gyp2 /dʒip/ n. Brit.  a college servant at Cambridge and Durham [英] (剑桥和达勒姆大学的)校役 [perhaps from obsolete gippo ‘scullion’, originally a man's short tunic, from obsolete French jupeau]

gyp3 /dʒip/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. tr. (gypped, gypping)  cheat, swindle 行骗，骗取 ●n.  an act of cheating; a swindle 行骗，骗取 [19th c.: origin unknown]

gyppy tummy var.  of GIPPY TUMMY  GIPPY TUMMY 的变体

gypsophila /dʒipˈsɒfilə/ n.  any plant of the genus Gypsophila (daisy family), with a profusion of small usu. white flowers 丝石竹，满天星(雏菊属，盛开白色小花) [modern Latin, from Greek gupsos ‘chalk’ + philos ‘loving’]

gypsum /ˈdʒipsəm/ n.  a hydrated form of calcium sulphate occurring naturally and used to make plaster of Paris and in the building industry 石膏 □ gypseous  adj.  □ gypsiferous  /-ˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin from Greek gupsos]

gypsy /ˈdʒipsi/ n. (also 亦作 gipsy) (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 Gypsy)  a member of a nomadic people of Europe and N. America, of Hindu origin with dark skin and hair, and speaking a language (Romany) related to Hindi 吉卜赛人 2  a person resembling or living like this people 似吉卜赛的人，过吉卜赛式生活的人 □ gypsyish  adj.   [earlier gipcyan, gipsen from EGYPTIAN, from the supposed origin of gypsies when they appeared in England in the early 16th c.]

gypsy moth n.  a kind of tussock moth, Lymantria dispar, whose larvae are very destructive to foliage 舞毒蛾(一种生于草丛，幼虫对植物毁坏极大的蛾)

gyrate v. & adj. ●v. intr. /dʒaiˈreit/  go in a circle or spiral; revolve, whirl 旋转，回旋，环动 ●adj. /ˈdʒairət/ Bot.  arranged in rings or convolutions 【植】拳卷的，涡卷的 □ gyration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ gyrator  /-ˈreitə/ n.  □ gyratory  /ˈdʒairət(ə)ri, -ˈreit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin gyrare gyrat- ‘revolve’, via gyrus ‘ring’ from Greek guros]

gyre /ˈdʒaiə, ˈɡaiə/ v. & n. esp. poet. [尤诗] ●v. intr.  whirl, gyrate. 回旋，旋转 ●n.  1  a whirling, a vortex 旋转，回旋 2  a circulatory ocean current (洋流中的)涡流 [Latin gyrus ‘ring’ from Greek guros]

gyrfalcon /ˈdʒɜ:fɔ:(l)k(ə)n, -fɒlk(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 gerfalcon)  a large falcon, Falco rusticolus, of cold northern regions 白隼(一种大型猎鹰，产于北极及近北极地区) [Middle English via Old French gerfaucon and Frankish gērfalco from Old Norse geirfɑˊlki: see FALCON]

gyro /ˈdʒairəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  = GYROSCOPE  2  = GYROCOMPASS  [abbreviation]

gyro- /ˈdʒairəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  rotation 旋转，转动的 2  gyroscopic 陀螺的 [Greek guros ‘ring’]

gyrocompass /ˈdʒairə(ʊ)kʌmpəs/ n.  a non-magnetic compass giving true north and bearings from it by means of a gyroscope 陀螺罗盘

gyromagnetic /ˌdʒairəʊmæɡˈnetik/ adj.  1 Physics  of the magnetic and mechanical properties of a rotating charged particle 【物理学】回转磁的，旋磁的 2 (of a compass) combining a gyroscope and a normal magnetic compass 陀螺磁罗盘的

gyropilot /ˈdʒairə(ʊ)ˌpailət/ n.  a gyrocompass used for automatic steering 陀螺驾驶仪，陀螺自动驾驶仪

gyroplane /ˈdʒairə(ʊ)plein/ n.  an autogiro or similar aircraft 自转旋翼机

gyroscope /ˈdʒairəskəʊp/ n.  a wheel or disc mounted so as to spin rapidly about an axis whose orientation is not fixed but is unperturbed by tilting of the mount, esp. used in stabilizers, gyrocompasses, navigation systems, etc. 陀螺仪，回转仪(一种由一个高速自旋的重物来保持角基准方向的仪器) □ gyroscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ gyroscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [French (as GYRO-, -SCOPE)]

gyrostabilizer /ˈdʒairəʊˌsteibilaizə/ n.  a gyroscopic device for maintaining the equilibrium of a ship, aircraft, platform, etc. 陀螺稳定器

gyrus /ˈdʒairəs/ n. (pl. gyri /-rai/)  a fold or convolution, esp. of the brain 脑回，回 [Latin from Greek guros ‘ring’]

gyttja /ˈjitʃə/ n. Geol.  a lake deposit of a usu. black organic sediment 【地质】腐殖黑泥 [Swedish, = mud, ooze]

gyver var.  of GUIVER  GUIVER 的变体

gîte /ʒi:t, 法 ʒit/ n.  a furnished holiday house in France, usu. small and in a rural district 法国乡间备有家具陈设的度假小屋 [originally = lodging: French from Old French giste, related to gésir ‘lie’]

Götterdɑ¨mmerung /ɡɒtəˈdæmərʊŋ, ɡɜ:t-, -ˈdem-/ n.  1  the twilight (i.e. downfall) of the gods 众神的没落(如毁灭) 2  the complete downfall of a regime etc. (政权等)彻底垮台 [German, esp. as the title of an opera by Wagner]

H1 /eitʃ/ n. (also 亦作 h) (pl. Hs or H's)  1  the eighth letter of the alphabet (see 见 AITCH) 英文字母表中的第 8 个字母 2  anything having the form of an H (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : H-girder H 形梁) H 形状物

H2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 H.)  1 (of a pencil lead) hard (铅笔心)硬度 2 (water) hydrant  3 slang [俚语]  heroin 

H3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element hydrogen 【化】(化学元素)氢 2  henry(s) 亨利(电感单位) 3  magnetic field strength 磁力

h1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 h.)  1  height  2  hour(s)  3  hot  4  horse  5  husband 

h2 symb. [符]  1  hecto-  2  Planck's constant 普朗克常数

Ha symb. Chem.  the element hahnium [符]【化】(化学元素)第 105 号元素

ha1 /hɑ:/ int. & v. (also 亦作 hah) ●int.  expressing surprise, suspicion, triumph, etc. (cf. 参见 HA HA) 哈(表示惊讶、怀疑、胜利等) ●v. intr. (in 用于 hum and ha)  see 见 HUM1  [Middle English]

ha2 abbr. [缩略]  hectare(s) 

haar /hɑ:/ n.  a cold sea fog on the east coast of England or Scotland 哈雾，冷雾(英格兰或苏格兰东部沿海地区的一种寒冷海雾) [perhaps from Old Norse hɑˊrr ‘hoar, hoary’]

Hab. abbr.  Habakkuk (Old Testament) [缩略] 《哈巴谷书》(《圣经·旧约》)

habanera /hæbəˈnɛərə, ɑ:b-/ n.  1  a Cuban dance in slow duple time 哈巴内拉舞(慢二拍的古巴舞) 2  the music for this 哈巴内拉舞曲 [Spanish, fem. of habanero ‘of Havana’, the capital of Cuba]

habdabs /ˈhæbdæbz/ n. pl. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 the screaming habdabs 极度紧张不安) slang  nervous anxiety or irritation; the heebie-jeebies [俚语]紧张不安；神经过敏 [20th c.: origin unknown]

habeas corpus /ˌheibiəs ˈkɔ:pəs/ n.  a writ requiring a person to be brought before a judge or into court, esp. to investigate the lawfulness of his or her detention 人身保护令(要求将某人移送法官或法院处理的令状，尤为调查将其拘禁是否合法而出具) [Latin, = you must have the body]

haberdasher /ˈhæbədæʃə/ n.  1 Brit.  a dealer in dress accessories and sewing goods [英]服饰及缝纫用品经销商 2 N. Amer.  a dealer in men's clothing [北美]男子服装销售商 □ haberdashery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English, probably ultimately from Anglo-French hapertas, perhaps the name of a fabric]

habergeon /ˈhæbədʒ(ə)n, həˈbɜ:dʒ(ə)n/ n. hist.  a sleeveless coat of mail [史义]无袖短锁子铠甲 [Middle English from Old French haubergeon (as HAUBERK)]

habiliment /həˈbilim(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  clothes suited to a particular purpose (特定用途的)制服 2 joc.  ordinary clothes [诙]服装；衣服 [Middle English from Old French habillement, via habiller ‘fit out’ from habile ABLE]

habilitate /həˈbiliteit/ v. intr.  qualify for office (esp. as a teacher in a German university) 具有资格(尤指在德国大学执教的资格) □ habilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin habilitare (as ABILITY)]

habit /ˈhæbit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a settled or regular tendency or practice 惯常做法；习惯 often foll. by 通常后跟 of + verbal noun: has a habit of ignoring me  常忽视我 2  a practice that is hard to give up 积习；习性 3  a mental constitution or attitude 心理素质；心态 4 Psychol.  an automatic reaction to a specific situation 【心】(对某种具体情况的)自动反应 5 colloq.  an addictive practice, esp. of taking drugs [口]瘾(尤指毒瘾) 6  a  the dress of a particular class, esp. of a religious order (特定阶层的)服装；法服(尤指表示宗教教士等级的教服)b (in full 全称 riding habit)  a woman's riding dress 女士骑服c archaic  dress, attire [古义]衣服；服装 7  a bodily constitution 体质；体格 8 Biol. & Crystallog.  a mode of growth 【生】【晶】晶体习性 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 habited adj.)  clothe 使穿衣 □ make a habit of   do regularly 经常做；习惯于做 [Middle English via Old French abit from Latin habitus, from habēre habit- ‘have, be constituted’]

habitable /ˈhæbitəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be inhabited 可居住的，适于居住的 □ habitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin habitabilis (as HABITANT)]

habitant n.  1 /ˈhæbit(ə)nt/  an inhabitant 居住者，居民 2 /æbi:ˈtɒ˜/  a  an early French settler in Canada or Louisiana (早期定居于加拿大或美国路易斯安那州的)法国定居者b  a descendant of these settlers 法国定居者的后裔 [French via Old French habiter from Latin habitare ‘inhabit’ (as HABIT)]

habitat /ˈhæbitæt/ n.  1  the natural home of an organism (生物的)栖息地 2  a habitation 住所 [Latin, = it dwells: see HABITANT]

habitation /hæbiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of inhabiting 居住  fit for human habitation  适于人类居住 2  a house or home 住宅；房屋 [Middle English via Old French from Latin habitatio -onis (as HABITANT)]

habit-forming adj.  causing addiction 上瘾的，易于成癖的

habitual /həˈbitʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  1  done constantly or as a habit 惯于做的；习以为常的 2  regular, usual 平常的；通常的 3  given to a (specified) habit 成瘾的；积习很深的  a habitual smoker  吸烟成瘾的人 □ habitually  adv.  □ habitualness  n.   [medieval Latin habitualis (as HABIT)]

habituate /həˈbitʃʊeit, -tjʊeit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  accustom; make used to something 使习惯于 □ habituation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin habituare (as HABIT)]

habitude /ˈhæbitju:d/ n.  1  a mental or bodily disposition 性情；气质；体质 2  a custom or tendency 习俗；习性 [Middle English via Old French from Latin habitudo -dinis, from habēre habit- ‘have’]

habitué /həˈbitjʊei/ n.  a habitual visitor or resident 常客；常住户 [French, past part. of habituer (as HABITUATE)]

hachures /hæˈʃjʊəz/ n. pl.  parallel lines used in hill-shading on maps, their closeness indicating the steepness of gradient 晕滃线(其疏密度表示山岳的倾斜度) □ hachure  v. tr.   [French from hacher HATCH3]

hacienda /hæsiˈendə/ n. in Spanish-speaking countries 指讲西班牙语国家的 :  1  an estate or plantation with a dwelling house 牧场；农庄，庄园 2  a factory 工厂 [Spanish, from Latin facienda ‘things to be done’]

hack1 /hæk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  cut or chop roughly; mangle 乱砍，乱劈 2 tr.  kick the shin of (an opponent at football) (足球赛中)踢对方球员的胫骨 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  deliver cutting blows 砍，劈 4 tr.  cut (one's way) through thick foliage etc. (在密林中)开辟(一条道) 5  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  use a computer to gain unauthorized access to data in a system 操作计算机非法接触某一系统的资料b tr.  gain unauthorized access to (data in a computer) 非法接触(计算机中的资料) 6 tr. slang [俚语]  a  manage, cope with 对付；处理b  tolerate 容忍；忍受 ●n.  1  a kick with the toe of a boot 踢 2  a gash or wound, esp. from a kick (尤指踢开的)伤口；裂口 3  a  a mattock 鹤嘴锄b  a miner's pick (矿工用的)鹤嘴锄 □ hacking cough   a short dry frequent cough 干咳 [Old English haccian ‘cut in pieces’, from West Germanic]

hack2 /hæk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a horse for ordinary riding 普通坐骑b  a horse let out for hire 用于租赁的马c  = JADE2 1  2  a dull, uninspired writer 平庸、无灵感的作家 3  a person hired to do dull routine work 受雇做单调乏味工作的人 4 N. Amer.  a taxi [北美]出租汽车 ●attrib. adj.  1  used as a hack 出租的；受雇的 2  typical of a hack; commonplace 陈腐的；平淡的  hack work  陈腐的作品；单调乏味的工作 ●v.  1  a intr.  use a horse for ordinary riding, esp. for pleasure (尤指为娱乐)骑马兜风b tr.  ride (a horse) in this way 骑马出游 2 tr.  make common or trite 使陈腐；变为陈词滥调 [abbreviation of HACKNEY]

hack3 /hæk/ n.  1  a board on which a hawk's meat is laid 饲鹰板 2  a rack holding fodder for cattle 饲草架 □ at hack  (of a young hawk) not yet allowed to prey for itself (雏鹰)在饲养训练中(不得外出觅食) [variant of HATCH1]

hackberry /ˈhækb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any tree of the genus Celtis, native to N. America, bearing purple edible berries 朴树(产于北美，结紫色浆果，可食用) 2  the berry of this tree 朴果 [variant of hagberry, of Norse origin]

hacker /ˈhækə/ n.  1  a person or thing that hacks or cuts roughly 乱砍乱劈的人或物 2  a person who uses computers for a hobby, esp. to gain unauthorized access to data 计算机迷；黑客(操作计算机非法接触某一系统中资料的人)

hackette /hæˈket/ n. colloq., usu. derog.  a female journalist [口] [通常贬]女记者

hackle /ˈhæk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long feather or series of feathers on the neck or saddle of a domestic cock and other birds (公鸡和其他鸟的)颈羽；鞍羽 2 Fishing  an artificial fishing-fly dressed with a hackle 【捕鱼】假蝇 3  a feather in a Highland soldier's bonnet (苏格兰高地士兵帽上的)羽饰 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the erectile hairs along the back of a dog, which rise when it is angry or alarmed (狗发怒或受惊时会竖起的)颈背部毛 5  a steel comb for dressing flax (梳理亚麻的)栉梳机 ●v. tr.  dress or comb with a hackle 栉梳 □ make a person's hackles rise   cause a person to be angry or indignant 激怒；使愤怒 [Middle English hechele, hakele, ultimately from West Germanic: related to HOOK]

hackney /ˈhækni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a light horse with a high-stepping trot, used in harness 海克尼挽马(走路时抬高脚步，明显屈膝) 2 (作 attrib.)  designating any of various vehicles kept for hire 出租的；受雇的 [Middle English, perhaps from Hackney (formerly Hakenei) in London, where horses were pastured]■Usage 用法说明 Hackney is no longer used except in hackney carriage, still in official use as a term for ‘taxi’. Hackney 一般只用于词组 hackney carriage (出租马车)，但在正式用语中可指出租车。 

hackneyed /ˈhæknid/ adj. (of a phrase etc.) made commonplace or trite by overuse (指短语等)使用过多的；陈腐的；平庸的

hacksaw /ˈhæksɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a saw with a narrow blade set in a frame, for cutting metal 弓锯；钢锯 ●v. tr. (past part. -sawn or -sawed)  cut using a hacksaw 用钢锯锯

had past and past part.  of HAVE 

haddock /ˈhædək/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  an edible marine fish, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, of the N. Atlantic, allied to cod, but smaller 黑线鳕(一种可食用海鱼，属于鳕科，生长于北大西洋，与鳕鱼近亲，但体型较小) [Middle English, probably from Anglo-French hadoc, Old French (h)adot, of unknown origin]

hade /heid/ n. & v. Geol. 【地质】  ●n.  an incline from the vertical 断层余角，伸角 ●v. intr.  incline from the vertical 倾斜 [17th c., perhaps a dialect form of head]

Hades /ˈheidi:z/ n. (in Greek mythology) the underworld, the abode of the spirits of the dead (希腊神话)冥府，阴间 [Greek haidēs, originally a name of Pluto, the god of the dead]

Hadith /hæˈdi:θ/ n. Relig.  a body of traditions relating to Muhammad 【宗】穆罕默德言行录；圣训 [Arabic ḥadīt ‘tradition’]

hadn't /ˈhæd(ə)nt/ contr.  had not 

hadron /ˈhædrɒn/ n. Physics  any strongly interacting subatomic particle 【物理学】强子 □ hadronic  /-ˈdrɒnik/ adj.   [Greek hadros ‘bulky’]

hadrosaur /ˈhædrəsɔ:/ n.  a large herbivorous usu. bipedal dinosaur of the family Hadrosauridae, of the late Cretaceous period, with jaws flattened like the bill of a duck 鸭嘴龙(白垩纪晚期食草的大型两足恐龙，嘴扁如鸭) [modern Latin genus name Hadrosaurus, from Greek hadros ‘thick, stout’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

hadst /hædst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. past  of HAVE 

haecceity /hekˈsi:iti, hi:k-/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  the quality of a thing that makes it unique or describable as ‘this (one)’ 个性(使一物体独特的性质，或被称为“此”性) 2  individuality 个体性 [medieval Latin haecceitas from haec, fem. of hic ‘this’]

haem /hi:m/ n. (US [美] heme)  a porphyrin compound containing iron, responsible for the red colour of haemoglobin 血红素 [Greek haima ‘blood’, or from HAEMOGLOBIN]

haemal /ˈhi:m(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] hemal) Anat. 【解】  1  of or concerning the blood 血的；有关血的 2  situated on the same side of the body as the heart and major blood vessels (i.e. in chordates, ventral) 与心脏和大血管同侧的(在脊索动物中指腹部的) [Greek haima ‘blood’]

haematic /hi:ˈmætik/ adj. (US [美] hematic) Med.  of or containing blood 【医】血的；含血的 [Greek haimatikos (as HAEMATIN)]

haematin /ˈhi:mətin/ n. (US [美] hematin /ˈhi:m-, ˈhem-/) Biochem.  a bluish-black derivative of haemoglobin, formed by removal of the protein part and oxidation of the iron atom 【生化】正铁血红素，羟高铁血红素 [Greek haima -matos ‘blood’]

haematite /ˈhi:mətait/ n. (US [美] hematite /ˈhi:m-, ˈhem-/)  a ferric oxide ore forming dark red or reddish-black masses 赤铁矿 [Latin haematites from Greek haimatitēs (lithos) ‘bloodlike (stone)’ (as HAEMATIN)]

haemato- /ˈhi:mətəʊ/ comb. form (US [美] hemato-)  blood [构词成分]血 [Greek haima haimat- ‘blood’]

haematocele /ˈhi:mətə(ʊ)si:l/ n. (US [美] hematocele /ˈhi:-, ˈhe-/) Med.  a swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity 【医】血囊肿，积血

haematocrit /ˈhi:mətə(ʊ)krit/ n. (US [美] hematocrit /ˈhi:-, ˈhe-/) Physiol. 【生理】  1  the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood 血细胞比容(血细胞和血浆的容积比) 2  an instrument for measuring this 血细胞比容计 [HAEMATO- + Greek kritēs ‘judge’]

haematology /hi:məˈtɒlədʒi/ n. (US [美] hematology /hi:-, he-/)  the study of the physiology of the blood 血液学 □ haematologic  /-təˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ haematological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ haematologist  n.  

haematoma /hi:məˈtəʊmə/ n. (US [美] hematoma /hi:-, he-/) (pl. haematomas or haematomata /-mətə/) Med.  a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues 【医】血肿

haematophagous /hi:məˈtɒfəɡəs/ adj. (US [美] hematophagous)  feeding on blood 吸血的；食血的 [HAEMATO- + -PHAGOUS]

haematuria /hi:məˈtjʊəriə/ n. (US [美] hematuria /hi:-, he-/) Med.  the presence of blood in urine 【医】血尿

-haemia var.  of -AEMIA  -AEMIA 的变体

haemo- /ˈhi:məʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (US [美] hemo-)  = HAEMATO-  [abbreviation]

haemocoel /ˈhi:məsi:l/ n. (US [美] hemocoel /ˈhi:m-, ˈhem-/) Zool.  the primary body cavity of most invertebrates, containing circulatory fluid 【动】(大多数无脊椎动物的)血腔 [HAEMO- + Greek koilos ‘hollow, cavity’]

haemocyanin /hi:mə(ʊ)ˈsaiənin/ n. (US [美] hemocyanin /hi:-, he-/)  an oxygen-carrying protein containing copper, present in the blood plasma of arthropods and molluscs 血蓝蛋白 [HAEMO- + cyanin, a blue pigment (as CYAN)]

haemodialysis /ˌhi:məʊdaiˈælisis/ n. (US [美] hemodialysis /ˌhi:-, ˌhe-/)  = DIALYSIS 2 

haemoglobin /hi:məˈɡləʊbin/ n. (US [美] hemoglobin /hi:-, he-/)  a red oxygen-carrying protein containing iron, present in the red blood cells of vertebrates 血红蛋白 [shortened from HAEMATO- + GLOBULIN]

haemolymph /ˈhi:mə(ʊ)limf/ n. (US [美] hemolymph /ˈhi:-, ˈhe-/)  a fluid equivalent to blood in invertebrate animals (无脊椎动物的)血淋巴

haemolysis /hi:ˈmɒlisis/ n. (US [美] hemolysis /hi:-, he-/)  the rupture of red blood cells leading to loss of haemoglobin 溶血 □ haemolytic  /-məˈlitik/ adj.  

haemophilia /hi:məˈfiliə/ n. (US [美] hemophilia /hi:-, he-/) Med.  a usu. hereditary disorder with a tendency to bleed severely from even a slight injury, through the failure of the blood to clot normally 【医】血友病 □ haemophilic  adj.   [modern Latin (as HAEMO-, -PHILIA)]

haemophiliac /hi:məˈfiliæk/ n. (US [美] hemophiliac /hi:-, he-/)  a person suffering from haemophilia 血友病患者

haemorrhage /ˈheməridʒ/ n. & v. (US [美] hemorrhage) ●n.  1  an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, esp. when profuse 出血(尤指大出血) 2  an extensive damaging loss suffered by a state, organization, etc., esp. of people or assets (尤指人或资产的)大量流失；大损失 ●v.  1 intr.  suffer a haemorrhage; bleed heavily 大出血 2 intr.  be extensively lost or dissipated 大量流失；遭受大损失 3 tr.  expend (money etc.) in large amounts; lose or dissipate, esp. wastefully 大量花费(钱等)；损失，浪费 □ haemorrhagic  /heməˈrædʒik/ adj.   [earlier haemorrhagy, from French hémorr(h)agie via Latin haemorrhagia from Greek haimorrhagia, from haima ‘blood’ + stem of rhēgnumi ‘burst’]

haemorrhoid /ˈhemərɔid/ n. (US [美] hemorrhoid) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  swollen veins at or near the anus; piles 痔 □ haemorrhoidal  /-ˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English emeroudis (Bibl. emerods) via Old French emeroyde and Latin from Greek haimorrhoides (phlebes) ‘bleeding (veins)’, from haima ‘blood’, -rhoos -‘flowing’]

haemostasis /hi:mə(ʊ)ˈsteisis/ n. (US [美] hemostasis)  the stopping of the flow of blood from a wound etc. 止血法 □ haemostatic  /hi:məˈstætik, he-/ adj.  

haere mai /ˈhairəˈmai/ int. NZ  welcome [新]欢迎！ [Maori, literally ‘come hither’]

hafiz /ˈhɑ:fiz/ n.  a Muslim who knows the Koran by heart 哈菲兹(能背诵《古兰经》的穆斯林) [Persian from Arabic ḥɑˉfiz ‘guardian’]

hafnium /ˈhæfniəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery lustrous metallic element occurring naturally with zirconium, used in tungsten alloys for filaments and electrodes (symbol 符 Hf) 【化】(化学元素)铪 [modern Latin from Hafnia, the Latinized form of the former name of Copenhagen, capital of Denmark]

haft /hɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  the handle of a dagger or knife etc. (匕首、刀等的)柄，把手 ●v. tr.  provide with a haft 装上把手 [Old English hœft, from Germanic]

Hag. abbr.  Haggai (Old Testament) [缩略] 《哈该书》(《圣经·旧约》)

hag1 /hæɡ/ n.  1  an ugly old woman 老丑妇 2  a witch 女巫；巫婆 3  = HAGFISH  □ haggish  adj.   [Middle English hegge, hagge, perhaps from Old English hœgtesse, Old High German hagazissa, of unknown origin]

hag2 /hæɡ/ n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a soft place on a moor 泥炭沼泽中的软地 2  a firm place in a bog 沼泽中的硬地 [Old Norse högg ‘gap’, originally ‘cutting blow’, related to HEW]

hagfish /ˈhæɡfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any marine jawless fish of the family Myxinidae, with an eel-like slimy body, a slit-like mouth surrounded by barbels, and a rasp-like tongue used for feeding on dead or dying fish 盲鳗(八目鳗类，一种无下腭海鱼，长有像鳗似的黏滑腹部，嘴像裂口，周围有触须，舌似锉刀，用来食死鱼或将死的鱼) [HAG1]

Haggadah /həˈɡɑ:də, hæɡæˈdɑ:/ n.  1  a legend etc. used to illustrate a point of the Law in the Talmud; the legendary element of the Talmud (犹太教)《塔木德经》中用于解释戒律的传说；《塔木德经》中的传说和轶事 2  a book recited at the Passover Seder service (在逾越节宴会上讲的)载有《出埃及记》故事及礼仪的书 □ Haggadic  /-ˈɡædik, -ˈɡɑ:dik/ adj.   [Hebrew, = tale, from higgîd ‘tell’]

haggard /ˈhæɡəd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  looking exhausted and distraught, esp. from fatigue, worry, privation, etc. 憔悴的，形容枯槁的(尤指因劳累、焦虑、贫困等所致) 2 (of a hawk) caught and trained as an adult (指鹰)羽毛长足后被捕和训练的 ●n.  a haggard hawk 羽毛长足后被捕和训练的鹰 □ haggardly  adv.  □ haggardness  n.   [French hagard, of uncertain origin: later influenced by HAG1]

haggis /ˈhæɡis/ n.  a Scottish dish consisting of a sheep's or calf's offal mixed with suet, oatmeal, etc., and boiled in a bag made from the animal's stomach or in an artificial bag 羊肉或牛肉杂碎香肚(一种苏格兰食物，将杂碎、腰部硬脂肪油和燕麦等放入牛、羊胃中或人造袋中烹制) [Middle English, probably from Scots hag ‘to hack’ (as HAGGLE)]

haggle /ˈhæɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, over)  dispute or bargain persistently 争论不休；讨价还价 ●n.  a dispute or wrangle 争论；争吵 □ haggler  n.   [earlier in the sense ‘hack’: from Old Norse höggva HEW]

hagio- /ˈhæɡiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  of saints or holiness 圣徒的，神圣的 [Greek hagios ‘holy’]

Hagiographa /hæɡiˈɒɡrəfə/ n.  the twelve books comprising the last of the three major divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures, additional to the Law and the Prophets 《圣录》(共 12 本书，构成犹太教《圣经》的第三部分，第一、二部分为《律法书》和《先知书》)

hagiographer /hæɡiˈɒɡrəfə/ n.  1  a writer of the lives of saints 圣徒传记作者 2  a writer of any of the Hagiographa 犹太教《圣录》的作者

hagiography /hæɡiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the writing of the lives of saints 圣徒传记 2  an idealized biography of any person 理想化传记 □ hagiographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ hagiographical  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

hagiolatry /hæɡiˈɒlətri/ n.  the worship of saints 圣徒崇拜

hagiology /hæɡiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  literature dealing with the lives and legends of saints 圣徒传记文学 □ hagiological  /-ɡiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hagiologist  n.  

hag-ridden /ˈhæɡrid(ə)n/ adj.  afflicted by nightmares or anxieties (受噩梦、焦虑等)困扰的，折磨的

hah var.  of HA1  HA1 的变体

ha ha /hɑ: ˈhɑ:/ int.  representing laughter 哈哈(表示笑声) [Old English: cf. HA1]

ha-ha /ˈhɑ:hɑ:/ n.  a ditch with a wall on its inner side below ground level, forming a boundary to a park or garden without interrupting the view 隐篱，暗墙(藏在公园的界沟中，不影响视线) [French, perhaps from the cry of surprise on encountering it]

hahnium /ˈhɑ:niəm/ n. Chem. (a name proposed in the US for) the artificial radioactive element of atomic number 105 (symbol 符 Ha) 【化】(人造放射性元素)第 105 号元素 [named after O. Hahn, German chemist (d. 1968), + -IUM]

Haida /ˈhaidə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Haidas)  a member of a N. American Indian people living on the west coast of Canada 海达人(生活在加拿大西海岸的北美印第安人) 2  the language of this people 海达语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 海达人的；海达语的

haik /heik, ˈhɑ:ik/ n. (also 亦作 haick)  an outer covering for head and body worn by Arabs (阿拉伯人穿的用于遮盖头部和身体的)罩袍 [Moroccan Arabic ḥɑˉ'ik]

haiku /ˈhaiku:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a Japanese three-part poem of usu. 17 syllables 俳句诗(日本诗体通常为 3 部分，共 17 个音节) 2  an English imitation of this 英语仿俳句诗 [Japanese]

hail1 /heil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  pellets of frozen rain falling in showers from cumulonimbus clouds (由积雨云产生的如阵雨般降下的)雹子，冰雹 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a barrage or onslaught (of missiles, curses, questions, etc.) (指导弹、诅咒、问题等冰雹般的)一阵 ●v.  1 intr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  hail falls 下雹  it is hailing  正在下雹子 if it hails  如果下雹子 2  a tr.  pour down (blows, words, etc.) (指打击或言语)像雹子般落下b intr.  come down forcefully 强有力地落下 [Old English hagol, hœgl, hagalian, from Germanic]

hail2 /heil/ v., int. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  greet enthusiastically 欢呼，欢迎 2 tr.  signal to or attract the attention of 招呼；打信号招呼  hailed a taxi  招呼出租车 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  acclaim 称呼  hailed him king  欢呼拥立他为国王 was hailed as a success  被誉为胜利 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  have one's home or origins in (a place) 来自(某地)  hails from Mauritius  来自毛里求斯 ●int. archaic or literary  expressing greeting [古义] [文学用语]欢迎！好啊！ (表示欢呼、祝贺) ●n.  1  a greeting or act of hailing 欢呼，招呼；欢迎 2  distance as affecting the possibility of hailing 能听到欢迎声的距离  was within hail  在近处，在能听到呼叫声的距离内 □ hailer  n.   [elliptical use of obsolete hail (adj.) from Old Norse heill ‘sound’, WHOLE]

hail-fellow-well-met adj.  informal; showing usu. excessive familiarity 亲密的；过于亲昵的；一见如故的

Hail Mary n.  the Ave Maria (see 见 AVE n. 1) 万福马利亚

hailstone /ˈheilstəʊn/ n.  a pellet of hail 冰雹；雹块

hailstorm /ˈheilstɔ:m/ n.  a period of heavy hail 雹暴

hair /hɛə/ n.  1  a  any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of mammals, esp. from the human head 头发；毛发；汗毛b  these collectively 头发、毛发的总称  his hair is falling out  他掉头发 2  a  an artificially produced hairlike strand, e.g. in a brush 人造毛状物，发毛织物(如刷子上的刷毛)b  a mass of such hairs 一团杂乱的毛状物 3  anything resembling a hair 毛状物 4  an elongated cell growing from the epidermis of a plant (植物表层生长的)茸毛 5  a very small quantity or extent 一点儿，些微 also 亦作 attrib.: a hair crack  一个小裂缝 □ get in a person's hair  colloq.  encumber or annoy a person [口]妨碍某人，惹恼某人□ keep one's hair on  Brit. colloq.  remain calm; not get angry [英口]保持平静；不生气□ let one's hair down  colloq.  abandon restraint; behave freely or wildly [口]不拘礼节；无拘无束；举止随便□ make one's hair stand on end   alarm or horrify one 使人毛骨悚然□ not turn a hair   remain apparently unmoved or unaffected 不动声色；镇定自若□ haired  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ hairless  adj.  □ hairlike  adj.   [Old English hœˉr, from Germanic]

hairbreadth /ˈhɛəbredθ/ n.  = HAIR'S BREADTHesp. 尤作 attrib.: a hairbreadth escape  九死一生 

hairbrush /ˈhɛəbrʌʃ/ n.  a brush for arranging or smoothing the hair 发刷；毛刷

haircare /ˈhɛəkɛə/ n.  the care of the hair 头发护理

haircloth /ˈhɛəklɒθ/ n.  stiff cloth woven from hair, used e.g. in upholstery 毛布(毛发织成的硬布，可用作家具套和靠垫填充料等)

haircut /ˈhɛəkʌt/ n.  1  a cutting of the hair 理发 2  the style in which the hair is cut 发式

hairdo /ˈhɛədu:/ n. (pl. -dos) colloq.  the style of or an act of styling a woman's hair [口] (女子的)发式；(给女子)做头发

hairdresser /ˈhɛədresə/ n.  1  a person who cuts and styles hair, esp. professionally 理发师(尤指专业理发师) 2  the business or establishment of a hairdresser 理发业；美发厅 □ hairdressing  n.  

hairdryer /ˈhɛədraiə/ n. (also 亦作 hairdrier)  an electrical device for drying the hair by blowing warm air over it (发出热风吹干头发的)吹风机

hair-grass n.  any of various grasses, esp. of the genus Deschampsia, Corynephous, Aira, etc., with slender stems 银须草；发草(属于发草属、乱子草属或银须草属等，有细长的茎)

hairgrip /ˈhɛəɡrip/ n. Brit.  a flat hairpin with the ends close together [英]小发夹

hairline /ˈhɛəlain/ n.  1  the edge of a person's hair, esp. on the forehead 发际线(尤指前额头发的轮廓线) 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a very thin line or crack etc. 细线；细的裂纹

hairnet /ˈhɛənet/ n.  a piece of fine mesh-work for confining the hair 发网

hair of the dog n.  alcoholic drink to cure the effects of alcoholic drink 解醉酒

hairpiece /ˈhɛəpi:s/ n.  a quantity or switch of detached hair used to augment a person's natural hair 假发

hairpin /ˈhɛəpin/ n.  a U-shaped pin for fastening the hair (U 形)发夹

hairpin bend n.  a sharp U-shaped bend in a road (道路中的) U 形急转弯

hair-raising adj.  extremely alarming; terrifying 令人毛骨悚然的，恐怖的；惊险的

hair's breadth n.  a very small amount or margin 极微小的间距，间不容发

hair shirt n. & adj. ●n.  a shirt of haircloth, worn formerly by penitents and ascetics (过去忏悔者、苦行者穿的)硬毛布衬衣 ●attrib. adj. (作 hair-shirt)  austere, harsh, self-sacrificing 严厉的；苦难的；自我约束的

hairslide /ˈhɛəslaid/ n. Brit.  a (usu. ornamental) clip for keeping the hair in position [英] (通常为装饰性的)发夹

hair-splitting adj. & n.  making overfine distinctions; quibbling 作不必要的过细区分(的)；吹毛求疵(的) □ hair-splitter  n.  

hairspray /ˈhɛəsprei/ n.  a solution sprayed on to the hair to keep it in place 发胶，头发定型剂

hairspring /ˈhɛəspriŋ/ n.  a fine spring regulating the balance wheel in a watch (钟表内的)游丝；细发条

hairstreak /ˈhɛəstri:k/ n.  a butterfly of the genera Callophrys, Strymonidia, etc., with fine streaks or rows of spots on its wings 小灰蝶(属于灰蝶属，双翅上有细小的斑点纹)

hairstyle /ˈhɛəstail/ n.  a particular way of arranging or dressing the hair 发式；发型 □ hairstyling  n.  □ hairstylist  n.  

hair-trigger n.  a trigger of a firearm set for release at the slightest pressure 微力扳机(枪支上稍加微力即可触发的扳机)

hairy /ˈhɛəri/ adj. (hairier, hairiest)  1  made of or covered with hair 毛制的；盖满毛的 2  having the feel of hair 毛茸茸的；似毛的 3 slang [俚语]  a  alarmingly unpleasant or difficult 惊险的；充满困难的b  crude, clumsy 粗鲁的；笨拙的 □ hairily  adv.  □ hairiness  n.  

Haiti   海地

Haitian /ˈheiʃjən/ adj. & n.  海地的(人)

haj /hædʒ/ n. (also 亦作 hajj)  the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (伊斯兰教徒每年一次的)麦加朝拜 [Arabic ḥɑˉjj ‘pilgrimage’]

haji /ˈhædʒi:/ n. (also 亦作 hajji)  1 (pl. -is)  a Muslim who has been to Mecca as a pilgrim 曾去麦加朝拜的伊斯兰教徒 2 (作 Haji)  a title given to such a pilgrim 哈吉(授予曾去麦加朝拜的伊斯兰教徒的称号) [Persian hɑˉjī (partly via Turkish haci) from Arabic ḥɑˉjj: see HAJ]

haka /ˈhɑ:kə/ n.  1  a Maori ceremonial war dance accompanied by chanting 哈卡舞(毛利族人庆典中表演的战阵舞，有伴唱) 2  an imitation of this by members of a New Zealand sports team before a match 体育比赛前新西兰体育队表演的类似舞蹈 [Maori]

hake /heik/ n.  any edible marine fish of the genus Merluccius, esp. M. merluccius with an elongated body and large head 狗鳕(无须鳕，身体长，头大，肉可食) [Middle English, perhaps ultimately from dialect hake ‘hook’]

hakenkreuz /ˈhɑ:k(ə)nkrɔits, 德 ˈhɑ:kənkrɔyts/ n.  a swastika, esp. as a Nazi symbol 卐字(尤指纳粹党的标志) [German, from Haken ‘hook’ + Kreuz CROSS]

hakim1 /hæˈki:m/ n. (in India and Muslim countries) a physician (印度和穆斯林国家的)医生 [Arabic ḥakīm ‘wise man, physician’]

hakim2 /ˈhɑ:kim/ n. (in India and Muslim countries) a judge, ruler, or governor (印度和穆斯林国家的)法官；统治者；地方长官 [Arabic ḥɑˉkim ‘governor’]

Hal /hæl/   哈尔 [人名]

Halacha /hælɑ:ˈxɑ:, həˈlɑ:kə/ n. (also 亦作 Halakah)  Jewish law and jurisprudence, based on the Talmud 哈拉卡(犹太教中以《塔木德经》为基础的犹太教戒律和教规) □ Halachic  adj.   [Aramaic hălɑˉkɑˉh ‘law’]

halal /həˈlɑ:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (halalled, halalling)  kill (an animal) as prescribed by Muslim law (根据伊斯兰教教法)屠宰(牲畜) ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  meat prepared in this way; lawful food (以此方法准备的)肉；合法食物 [Arabic ḥalɑˉl ‘lawful’]

halation /həˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Photog.  the spreading of light beyond its proper extent in a developed image, caused by internal reflection in the support of the emulsion 【摄】光晕；晕影(由感光乳剂的内部反射而产生的，在照片底版上超越正常界线的光线扩展) [formed irregularly from HALO + -ATION]

halberd /ˈhælbɜ:d/ n. (also 亦作 halbert) hist.  a combined spear and battleaxe [史义]戟(一种枪钺两用的武器) [Middle English via French hallebarde and Italian alabarda from Middle High German helmbarde, from helm ‘handle’ + barde ‘hatchet’]

halberdier /hælbəˈdiə/ n. hist.  a man armed with a halberd [史义]持戟者 [French hallebardier (as HALBERD)]

halcyon /ˈhælsiən, ˈhælʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  calm, peaceful 平静的，安宁的  halcyon days  平安时期 2 (of a period) happy, prosperous (指时期)幸福美好的；繁荣昌盛的 ●n.  1  any tropical kingfisher of the genus Halcyon, with brightly coloured plumage 翡翠(一种热带翠鸟，有颜色鲜艳的羽毛) 2 Mythol.  a bird thought in antiquity to breed in a nest floating at sea at the winter solstice, charming the wind and waves into calm 【神话】神翠鸟(传说中在冬至产卵于漂浮在海上的巢中，可以平息风浪) [Middle English via Latin (h)alcyon from Greek (h)alkuōn ‘kingfisher’]

hale1 /heil/ adj. (esp. of an old person) strong and healthy (esp. in 尤用于 hale and hearty 健壮的，精神抖擞的) (尤指老年人)强壮的；矍铄的 □ haleness  n.   [Old English hɑˉl WHOLE]

hale2 /heil/ v. tr.  drag or draw forcibly 强拉，硬拖 [Middle English via Old French haler from Old Norse hala]

haler /ˈhɑ:lə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or haleru /ˈhɑ:ləru:/)  a monetary unit of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, equal to one-hundredth of a koruna 赫勒(捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的货币单位，相当于 1/100 克朗) [Czech halér from Middle High German haller]

half /hɑ:f/ n., predet., adj. & adv. ●n. (pl. halves /hɑ:vz/)  1  either of two equal or corresponding parts or groups into which a thing, number, or quantity, is or might be divided 半，一半 2 colloq. [口]  = HALF-BACK  3 Brit. colloq.  half a pint, esp. of beer etc. [英口]半品脱(尤指啤酒等) 4  either of two equal periods of play in sports (体育比赛中)半场；半局 5 colloq.  a half-price fare or ticket, esp. for a child [口]半票(尤指儿童票) 6 Golf  a score for an individual hole that is the same as one's opponent's 【高尔夫球】与对手击数相等 ●predet.  of an amount or quantity equal to a half, or loosely to a part thought of as roughly a half 一半；大约一半  take half the men  带走一半人 spent half the time reading  花一半时间阅读 half a pint  半品脱 ●adj.  forming a half 一半的  a half share  半份 ●adv.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  to the extent of half; partly 一半地；部分地  only half-cooked  仅半熟 half-frozen  半冷冻的 half-laughing  浅笑；似笑非笑 2  to a certain extent; somewhat (esp. in idiomatic phrases 尤用于习语 : half dead 半死 ; am half inclined to agree 几乎同意) 部分地；相当程度地 3 (in reckoning time) by the amount of half (an hour etc.) (计算时间)半小时  half past two  两点半 □ at half cock   see 见 COCK1 □ by half  (prec. by 前接 too + adj.)  excessively 非常地；过分地  too clever by half  太聪明了□ by halves   imperfectly or incompletely 不完全地；不彻底地  never does things by halves  做事不要半途而废□ half the battle   see 见 BATTLE □ half a chance  colloq. [口]  the slightest opportunity  esp. 尤用于 given half a chance  只要给一点机会 一点点机会□ half an eye   the slightest degree of perceptiveness 接近失明；视力很差□ have half a mind   see 见 MIND □ the half of it  colloq.  the rest or more important part of something [口]其余部分；更重要的部分 usu. after neg. 通常用于否定词后 : you don't know the half of it  你不了解□ half the time   see 见 TIME □ not half   1  not nearly 相差很远；几乎不  not half long enough  不够长 2 colloq.  not at all [口]一点也不；毫不  not half bad  不错；相当好 3 Brit. slang  to an extreme degree [英] [俚语]非常地  he didn't half get angry  他非常生气 [Old English half, healf, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 3 of the adverb, the word past is often omitted in colloquial usage, e.g. She came at half two. In some parts of Scotland and Ireland this means ‘half past one’. 在副词释义 3 中， past 在口语中常被省略，例如 She came at half two (她两点半来)。在苏格兰和爱尔兰部分地区，这表示“一点半”。 

half a crown var.  of HALF-CROWN  HALF-CROWN 的变体

half a dozen var.  of HALF-DOZEN  HALF-DOZEN 的变体

half-and-half adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  in equal parts 相等地；对等地 ●adj.  that is half one thing and half another 两者各半的 ●n. US  a mixture of milk and cream [美]稀奶油(牛奶和奶油的混合物)

half-back n. (in some sports) a player between the forwards and full-backs (体育项目中的)中卫

half-baked adj.  1  incompletely considered or planned 考虑不缜密的；计划不周全的 2 (of enthusiasm etc.) only partly committed (指热情等)没有完全投入的 3  foolish 愚蠢的

half-beak n.  any fish of the family Hemirhamphidae, with the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper 鱵科鱼(下颌长于上颌)

half-binding n.  a type of bookbinding in which the spine and corners are bound in one material (usu. leather) and the sides in another 半皮面装订(一种书籍装订方式，书脊和书角用一种材料，通常用皮革，其余部分用另一种材料)

half-blood n.  1  a person having one parent in common with another 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟或姐妹 2  this relationship 同父异母或同母异父的关系 3  = HALF-BREED 

half-blooded adj.  born from parents of different races 同父异母或同母异父的

half-blue n. Brit. [英]  1  a person who has represented a university, esp. Oxford or Cambridge, in a minor sport or as a second choice in a sport but who has not received a full blue (cf. 参见 BLUE1 n. 3) (尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学校队的)次要运动项目的选手；替补队员 2  this distinction 主力队员和替补队员的区别

half board n. Brit.  provision of bed, breakfast, and one main meal at a hotel etc. [英]半食宿(饭店等提供住宿、早餐及一顿主餐)

half-boot n.  a boot reaching up to the calf (长及小腿的)半高筒靴

half-bottle n.  1  a bottle that is half the standard size (只有标准尺寸一半的)小瓶子 2  its contents or the amount that will fill it 此瓶子的容量；要倒入瓶中的量

half-breed n. offens.  a person of mixed race [冒犯]混血儿

half-brother n.  a brother with only one parent in common 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟

half-caste n. & adj. offens. [冒犯] ●n.  a person whose parents are of different races, esp. the offspring of a European father and an Indian mother 混血儿(父母源于不同民族，尤指欧洲父亲和印第安母亲的孩子) ●adj.  of or relating to such a person 混血儿的；有关混血儿的

half-century n.  1  a period of fifty years 半个世纪 2  a score etc. of fifty in a sporting event, esp. in cricket (体育比赛项目中，尤指板球)50 分

half-crown n. (also 亦作 half a crown) hist. (in the UK) a former coin and monetary unit equal to 2s. 6d (12½p) [史义]半克朗(过去在英国使用的硬币和货币单位，相当于 2 先令 6 便士)

half-cut adj. Brit. slang  fairly drunk [英] [俚语]相当醉的

half-deck n.  the quarters of cadets and apprentices on a merchant vessel 半甲板，平台甲板(商船上练习生和见习生的住处)

half-dozen n. (also 亦作 half a dozen) colloq.  six, or about six [口] (大约)6 个

half-duplex adj. (of a communications system, computer circuit, etc.) allowing the transmission of signals in both directions but not simultaneously 半双工的，(电讯系统、计算机电路等)可以双向但不可同时传递信号的

half-hardy adj. (of a plant) able to grow in the open air at all times except in severe frost (指植物)半耐寒的(除严寒时期外可以生长于户外的)

half-hear v. tr. (past and past part. half-heard /-hɜ:d/)  hear (a thing) incompletely 未完全听清  she only half-heard their shouts above the sound of the television  在电视节目的声音中，她只能断断续续地听到他们的喊叫

half-hearted adj.  lacking enthusiasm; feeble 缺乏热情的；不热心的 □ half-heartedly  adv.  □ half-heartedness  n.  

half hitch n.  a noose or knot formed by passing the end of a rope round its standing part and then through the loop 简单结(绳的一端绕绳一圈，然后从所绕的圈套中穿过)

half holiday n.  a day of which half (usu. the afternoon) is taken as a holiday 半天假日(通常为下午)

half-hose n.  socks 短袜

half-hour n.  1 (also 亦作 half an hour)  a period of 30 minutes 半小时， 30 分钟 2  a point of time 30 minutes after any hour o'clock 半点钟 □ half-hourly  adj. & adv.  

half-hunter n.  a watch with a hinged cover in which a small opening allows identification of the approximate position of the hands 半猎表(手表的表盖上装有铰链，上有小孔，用于辨别指针的大致位置)

half-inch n. & v. ●n.  a unit of length half as large as an inch (长度单位)半英寸 ●v. tr. Brit. rhyming slang  steal (= pinch) [英] [同韵俚语]偷窃

half-integer n.  a number obtained by dividing an odd integer by two 半整数(奇数除以 2 所得的数) □ half-integral  adj.  

half-landing n.  a landing part of the way up a flight of stairs, whose length is twice the width of the flight plus the width of the well 楼梯平台(长度为两个楼梯的宽度加楼梯井的宽度)

half-lap n.  = LAP JOINT 

half-length n.  a canvas depicting a half-length portrait 半身像

half-life n.  the time taken for the radioactivity or some other property of a substance to fall to half its original value 半衰期(物质的放射性或其他特性降至其原值一半所用的时间)

half-light n.  a dim imperfect light 暗淡的光线，昏暗的光线

half-litre n.  a unit of capacity half as large as a litre (容量单位)半升

half-marathon n.  a long-distance running race, usu. of 13 miles 352 yards (21.243 km) 半长马拉松赛跑(一种长距离赛跑，通常为 13 英里 352 码，即 21.243 千米)

half mast n.  the position of a flag halfway down the mast, as a mark of respect for a person who has died 降半旗(表示对死者的尊敬) □ at half mast  often joc. (esp. of a garment) having slipped down [常诙] (尤指衣服)脱下一半

half measures n. pl.  an unsatisfactory compromise or inadequate policy (不彻底的)折中(或政策)

half-moon n.  1  the moon when only half its illuminated surface is visible from earth 半月(从地球上只能看到半边月轮时的月亮) 2  the time when this occurs 出现半月的时候 3  a semicircular object 半圆形物体

half nelson  see 见 NELSON 

half note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美]【音】  = MINIM 1 

half pay n.  reduced income, esp. on retirement 折扣薪饷(尤指退休后的工资)

halfpenny /ˈheipni/ n. (also 亦作 ha'penny /ˈheipni/) (pl. -pennies or -pence /ˈheip(ə)ns/) (in the UK) a former bronze coin worth half a penny (withdrawn in 1984) (cf. 参见 FARTHING) 半便士硬币(旧时在英国使用的铜硬币，值半便士，于 1984 年作废)

halfpennyworth /ˈheipəθ, ˈheipniwəθ/ n. (also 亦作 ha'p'orth) Brit. [英]  1  as much as could be bought for a halfpenny 半便士所能购置的东西 2 colloq.  a negligible amount (esp. after neg. 尤用于否定词后 : doesn't make a halfpennyworth of difference 没有什么区别) [口]可以忽略不记的数量；极小的数量

half-pie adj. NZ slang  imperfect, mediocre [新] [俚语]不完美的；平庸的，中等的

half-plate n. Brit. [英]  1  a photographic plate 16.5 × 10.8 cm 16.5 × 10.8 厘米的照相底片 2  a photograph reproduced from this 此种底片冲洗的照片

half-relief n. Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  a method of moulding, carving, or stamping, in relief a design in which figures etc. project to half their true proportions (cf. 参见 high relief, low relief (RELIEF 6a)) 半浮雕 2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in half-relief 半浮雕雕塑

half-seas-over adj. Brit. slang  fairly drunk [英] [俚语]相当醉的

half-sister n.  a sister with only one parent in common 同父异母或同母异父的姐妹

half-sole n.  the sole of a boot or shoe from the shank to the toe (鞋的)前掌

half-sovereign n. hist. (in the UK) a former gold coin and monetary unit equal to ten shillings (50p) [史义]半镑金币(过去在英国使用的金币和货币单位，相当于 10 先令，即 50 便士)

half-step n. Mus.  a semitone 【音】半音

half-term n. Brit.  a period about halfway through a school term, when a short holiday is usually taken [英]期中假(学期中的短假期)

half-timbered adj. Archit.  having walls with a timber frame and a brick or plaster filling 【建】木结构砖泥墙的(房屋墙体由木材做架子，砖或灰浆填充) □ half-timbering  n.  

half-time n.  1  the time at which half of a game or contest is completed 中场时刻 2  a short interval occurring at this time 中场休息

half-title n.  1  the title or short title of a book, printed on the recto of the leaf preceding the title-page 简书名(印在书的扉页的书名或简短的书名) 2  the title of a section of a book printed on the recto of the leaf preceding it 篇章标题(印在书的各章节开始的前一页上)

half-tone n.  1  a reproduction printed from a block (produced by photographic means) in which the various tones of grey are produced from small and large black dots 网目版 2 esp. US Mus.  a semitone [尤美]【音】半音符，二分音符

half-track n.  1  a propulsion system for land vehicles with wheels at the front and an endless driven belt at the back 半履带车辆推进系统 2  a vehicle equipped with this 半履带式车辆

half-truth n.  a statement that (esp. deliberately) conveys only part of the truth (尤指刻意的)真假搀半的陈述

half-volley n. (pl. -eys) (in ball games) the playing of a ball as soon as it bounces off the ground (球赛中一落地弹起立即击出的球)半凌空球

halfway /hɑ:fˈwei, ˈhɑ:fwei/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  at a point equidistant between two others 在中途  we were halfway to Rome  我们在去罗马的路上 2  to some extent; more or less 一定程度上，多多少少  is halfway decent  大致正派 ●adj.  situated halfway 中途的；半路的  reached a halfway point  到达中间点

halfway house n.  1  a compromise 让步方案；妥协办法 2  the halfway point in a progression 行进途中的中间地点 3  a centre for rehabilitating ex-prisoners, mental patients, or others unused to normal life 过渡教习(或疗养)所(为前服刑人员、精神病患者或其他不适应正常生活的人开设) 4  an inn midway between two towns (两地间中途歇脚的)小旅店，客栈

halfway line n.  a line midway between the ends of a pitch, esp. in football (尤指足球场的)中线

halfwit /ˈhɑ:fwit/ n.  1 colloq.  an extremely foolish or stupid person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 2  a person who is mentally deficient 弱智的人；智力有缺陷的人 □ half-witted  /-ˈwitid/ adj.  □ half-wittedly  /-ˈwitidli/ adv.  □ half-wittedness  /-ˈwitidnis/ n.  

half-yearly adj. & adv. esp. Brit.  at intervals of six months [尤英]每半年

halibut /ˈhælibət/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any of various large marine flatfishes, esp. Hippoglossus hippoglossus of the N. Atlantic, used as food 大比目鱼(尤指庸鲽，生活在大西洋北部，可食) [Middle English, from haly HOLY + BUTT3 ‘flatfish’, perhaps because eaten on holy days]

halide /ˈheilaid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of a halogen with another element or group 【化】卤化物

halieutic /hæliˈju:tik/ adj. formal  of or concerning fishing [正式] (有关)钓(捕)鱼的 [Latin halieuticus from Greek halieutikos, from halieutēs ‘fisherman’]

haliotis /hæliˈəʊtis/ n.  any edible gastropod mollusc of the genus Haliotis with an ear-shaped shell lined with mother-of-pearl 鲍属软体动物(腹足纲软体动物，贝壳呈耳状，周围排列着珍珠母，可食用) [Greek hals hali- ‘sea’ + ous ōt- ‘ear’]

halite /ˈhælait/ n.  rock salt 石盐；岩盐 [modern Latin halites from Greek hals ‘salt’]

halitosis /hæliˈtəʊsis/ n.  = BAD BREATH  [modern Latin, from Latin halitus ‘breath’]

hall /hɔ:l/ n.  1  a  a space or passage into which the front entrance of a house etc. opens 门厅b N. Amer.  a corridor or passage in a building [北美] (大楼的)过道，走廊 2  a  a large room or building for meetings, meals, concerts, etc. 会堂，礼堂b (in pl. 用复数)  music halls 音乐厅 3 Brit.  a large country house, esp. with a landed estate [英] (建在庄园中的)府第，宅邸 4 (Brit. [英] in full 全称 hall of residence)  a university residence for students 大学生宿舍 5  a (in a college etc.) a common dining room (大学等的)公共餐厅b Brit.  dinner in this [英]公共餐厅里的一餐 6  the building of a guild (行会、工会的)办公大楼  Fishmongers' Hall  鱼商行会大楼 7  a  a large public room in a palace etc. (宫殿等的)会客厅b  the principal living room of a medieval house (中世纪房屋中的)主厅 [Old English from Germanic: related to HELL]

hallelujah var.  of ALLELUIA  ALLELUIA 的变体

hallmark /ˈhɔ:lmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mark used by the British assay offices indicating the standard of gold, silver, and platinum (英国金业工会证明黄金、白银和铂金制品品质的)纯度检验印记 2  any distinctive feature esp. of excellence 特征；特点 ●v. tr.  1  stamp with a hallmark 加盖纯度检验印记 2  designate as excellent 标为优秀 [Goldsmiths' Hall in London where articles are tested and stamped]

hallo esp. Brit. var.  of HELLO [尤英] HELLO 的变体

Hall of Fame n.  1 esp. N. Amer.  a building with memorials of people who have excelled, esp. in a particular sport [尤北美]名人纪念馆(尤指在某一体育项目中的杰出人物) 2  a group of people famous in a particular sphere 杰出人物；佼佼者

hall of residence  see 见 HALL 4 

halloo /həˈlu:, hæ-/ int., n. & v. ●int.  1  inciting dogs to the chase 嗨(打猎时嗾狗快跑时发出的声音) 2  calling attention 嗨(用以引起注意) 3  expressing surprise 嗬(表示惊讶) ●n.  the cry ‘halloo’ 嗨；嗬 ●v. (halloos, hallooed)  1 intr.  cry ‘halloo’, esp. to dogs (尤指嗾狗时)发出“嗨”声；发出“嗬”声 2 intr.  shout to attract attention 大声喊叫(以引人注意) 3 tr.  urge on (dogs etc.) with shouts (以喊叫声)嗾狗快跑 [perhaps from hallow ‘pursue with shouts’, from Old French halloer (imitative)]

hallow /ˈhæləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  make holy, consecrate 使…神圣 2  honour as holy 奉为神圣 ●n. archaic  a saint or holy person [古义]圣人，圣徒 [Old English hɑˉlgian, hɑˉlga, from Germanic]

Hallowe'en /hæləʊˈi:n/ n.  the eve of All Saints' Day, 31 Oct 万圣节前夕 (10 月 31 日) [HALLOW + EVEN2]

hall porter n. Brit.  a porter who carries baggage etc. in a hotel [英] (饭店搬运行李等的)搬运工

hallstand /ˈhɔ:lstænd/ n.  a stand in the hall of a house, with a mirror, pegs, etc. (带有镜子、衣钩等的)门厅衣帽架

Hallstatt /ˈhælʃtæt/ adj. Archaeol.  of or relating to a cultural phase of the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age in Europe, dated to c. 700 － 500 BC 【考古】(公元前 700 至公元前 500 年)欧洲铜器时代晚期和铁器时代早期文化的；有关此文化的 [a village in Austria, site of a burial ground of this period]

halluces pl.  of HALLUX  

hallucinate /həˈlu:sineit, -ˈlju:-/ v.  1 tr.  produce illusions in the mind of (a person) 使产生幻觉 2 intr.  experience hallucinations 出现幻觉；产生幻觉 □ hallucinant  adj. & n.  □ hallucinator  n.   [Latin (h)allucinari ‘wander in mind’ from Greek alussō ‘be uneasy’]

hallucination /həlu:siˈneiʃ(ə)n, -lju:-/ n.  the apparent perception of an object or sense datum not actually present 幻觉；错觉 □ hallucinatory  /həˈlu:sinətəri/ adj.   [Latin hallucinatio (as HALLUCINATE)]

hallucinogen /həˈlu:sinədʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:-/ n.  a drug causing hallucinations 幻觉剂；致幻药 □ hallucinogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  

hallux /ˈhæləks/ n. (pl. halluces /-jʊsi:z/)  1  the big toe 大脚趾 2  the innermost digit of the hind foot of vertebrates (脊椎动物后肢的)大趾 [modern Latin from Latin allex]

hallway /ˈhɔ:lwei/ n.  an entrance hall or corridor 门厅；走廊

halm var.  of HAULM  HAULM 的变体

halma /ˈhælmə/ n.  a game played by two or four persons using a board of 256 squares, with pieces advancing from one corner to the opposite corner by being moved over other pieces into vacant squares 跳棋(可 2 人或 4 人玩，棋盘上有 256 个方格) [Greek, = leap]

halo /ˈheiləʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a disc or circle of light shown surrounding the head of a sacred person (圣人头上环绕的)光环 2  the glory associated with an idealized person etc. (与偶像人物相关的)荣光；光辉 3  a circle of white or coloured light round a luminous body, esp. the sun or moon (太阳或月亮等发光体周围白色或彩色的)晕；光圈 4  a circle or ring 圈；环 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  surround with a halo 以光环围绕 [medieval Latin via Latin from Greek halōs ‘threshing floor, disc of the sun or moon’]

halogen /ˈhælədʒ(ə)n, ˈheil-/ n.  1 Chem.  any of a group of reactive non-metallic elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) which form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen from which simple salts can be made 【化】卤素 2 (作 attrib.) (of lamps and radiant heat sources) using a filament surrounded by a halogen, usu. iodine vapour (灯丝或光源、热源中的金属丝)周围包围着卤素(通常为碘气)的 □ halogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek hals halos ‘salt’]

halogenation /hælədʒiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the introduction of a halogen atom into a molecule 卤化 □ halogenated  /həˈlɒdʒineitid/ adj.  

halon /ˈheilɒn/ n. Chem.  any of various gaseous compounds of carbon, bromine, and other halogens, used to extinguish fires 【化】卤素灭火剂 [as HALOGEN + -ON]

haloperidol /hælə(ʊ)ˈperidɒl, heilə(ʊ)-/ n. Pharm.  a drug used to treat psychotic disorders, esp. mania 【药】氟哌啶醇(用于治疗精神病性精神障碍，尤指燥狂症) [HALOGEN + PIPERIDINE + -OL1]

halophyte /ˈhæləfait, ˈheilə-/ n.  a plant adapted to saline conditions 盐土植物 [Greek hals halos ‘salt’ + -PHYTE]

halothane /ˈhæləθein/ n. Med.  a volatile liquid used as a general anaesthetic, a halogenated derivative of ethane 【医】氟烷(可用作麻醉剂) [HALOGEN + ETHANE]

halt1 /hɔ:lt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stop (usu. temporary); an interruption of progress 中止，停止(通常为临时性的)；(行进时的)暂停前进，止步  come to a halt  停下来 2  a temporary stoppage on a march or journey (比赛或旅途中的)中场休息；中途休息 3 Brit.  a minor stopping place on a local railway line, usu. without permanent buildings [英] (通常指铁路沿线无永久性建筑物的)小站，旗站 ●v. intr. & tr.  stop; come or bring to a halt 暂停；使停止，制止 □ call a halt (to)   decide to stop 停止；(命令)停止前进 [originally in the phrase make halt from German Halt machen, from halten ‘hold, stop’]

halt2 /hɔ:lt/ v. & adj. ●v. intr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 halting adj.)  fail to make smooth progress 蹒跚 2  hesitate 犹豫  halt between two opinions  拿不定主意 3  walk hesitatingly 踌躇不前 4 archaic  be lame [古义]跛足 ●adj. archaic  lame or crippled [古义]跛足的 □ haltingly  adv.   [Old English halt, healt, healtian, from Germanic]

halter /ˈhɔ:ltə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rope or strap with a noose or headstall for horses or cattle 笼头；缰绳 2  a  a strap round the back of a woman's neck holding her dress-top and leaving her shoulders and back bare (女士袒肩露背连衣裙的)绕颈吊带b  a dress-top held by this 女士袒肩露背连衣裙 3  a  a rope with a noose for hanging a person 绞索；绞绳b  death by hanging 绞刑 ●v. tr.  1  put a halter on (a horse etc.) 套上笼头；系上缰绳 2  hang (a person) with a halter 绞死 [Old English hœlftre: cf. HELVE]

halter-break v. tr.  accustom (a horse) to a halter 使(马)习惯于带笼头

halteres /hælˈtiəri:z/ n. pl.  the balancing organs of dipterous insects (双翅目昆虫的)平衡棒；平衡器官 [Greek, = weights used to aid leaping, from hallomai ‘to leap’]

halter-neck attrib. adj. (of a garment) held up by a strap around the neck (指衣服)带有绕颈吊带的

halva /ˈhælvɑ:, -və/ n. (also 亦作 halvah)  a sweet confection of sesame flour and honey 哈尔瓦(一种由芝麻粉和蜂蜜制成的甜食) [Yiddish via Turkish helva from Arabic ḥalwa]

halve /hɑ:v/ v. tr.  1  divide into two halves or parts 分为两半；分为两部分 2  reduce by half 减半 3  share equally (with another person etc.) (与他人)对半分享；平均分担 4 Golf  use the same number of strokes as one's opponent in (a hole or match) 【高尔夫球】与对手以相同击球次数打完(一个穴或一场比赛) 5  fit (crossing timbers) together by cutting out half the thickness of each 半嵌接，槽舌接 [Middle English halfen from HALF]

halves pl.  of HALF  

halyard /ˈhæljəd/ n. Naut.  a rope or tackle for raising or lowering a sail or yard etc. 【海】扬帆绳；升降索 [Middle English halier, from HALE2 + -IER, associated with YARD1]

ham /hæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the upper part of a pig's leg salted and dried or smoked for food 猪腿的上半部分(用于腌制后风干或熏制成食品)b  the meat from this 火腿肉 2  the back of the thigh; the thigh and buttock 后腿；股臀部 3 (often 常作 attrib.) slang  an inexpert or unsubtle actor or piece of acting [俚语]蹩脚的演员；拙劣的表演者；(拙劣)过火的表演 4 (in full 全称 radio ham) colloq.  the operator of an amateur radio station [口]业余无线电台的操作人员 ●v. intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (hammed, hamming) slang  overact; act or treat emotionally or sentimentally [俚语]过火地表演；过于情绪化地行事 [Old English ham, hom, from a Germanic root meaning ‘be crooked’]

hamadryad /hæməˈdraiəd, -æd/ n.  1 (in Greek and Roman mythology) a nymph who lives in a tree and dies when it dies (希腊和罗马神话中)树精(生活在树上，随树生死) 2  the king cobra, Naja bungarus 眼镜王蛇 [Middle English via Latin hamadryas from Greek hamadruas, from hama ‘with’ + drus ‘tree’]

hamadryas /hæməˈdraiəs, -æs/ n.  a large Arabian baboon, Papio hamadryas, with a silvery-grey cape of hair over the shoulders, held sacred in ancient Egypt 阿拉伯狒狒(肩上有银灰色毛，在古埃及被尊为圣神) [modern Latin, as HAMADRYAD]

hamamelis /hæməˈmi:lis/ n.  any shrub of the genus Hamamelis, e.g. witch hazel 金缕梅属灌木(如金缕梅) [modern Latin from Greek hamamēlis ‘medlar’]

hamartia /həˈmɑ:tiə/ n. (in Greek tragedy) the fatal flaw leading to the destruction of the tragic hero or heroine (希腊悲剧中)导致悲剧英雄毁灭的致命弱点 [Greek, = fault, failure, guilt]

hamba /ˈhæmbə/ int. S. Afr.  be off; go away [南非]离开；走开 [Nguni -hambe from ukuttamba ‘to go’]

Hamburg /ˈhæmbɜ:g/ n.  汉堡 [德国港市]

hamburger /ˈhæmbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a beefburger, usu. served in a roll 汉堡包；牛肉饼 [German, = of Hamburg in Germany]

hames /heimz/ n. pl.  two curved pieces of iron or wood forming the collar or part of the collar of a draught horse, to which the traces are attached 颈轭 [Middle English from Middle Dutch hame]

ham-fisted /hæmˈfistid/ adj. colloq.  clumsy, heavy-handed, bungling [口]笨拙的，出手重的；拙劣的 □ ham-fistedly  adv.  □ ham-fistedness  n.  

ham-handed /hæmˈhændid/ adj. colloq. [口]  = HAM-FISTED  □ ham-handedly  adv.  □ ham-handedness  n.  

Hamitic /həˈmitik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a group of African languages including ancient Egyptian and Berber 含语族(一组包括古埃及语和柏柏尔语在内的非洲语言) ●adj.  1  of or relating to this group of languages 含语族的 2  of or relating to the Hamites, a group of peoples in Egypt and N. Africa, by tradition descended from Noah's son Ham (Gen. 10:6 ff.) 含米特人的(生活在埃及和北非，传说是诺亚的儿子含的后裔) (《创世记》 10:6 及其后)

hamlet /ˈhæmlit/ n.  a small village, esp. one without a church (尤指未设教堂的)小村庄 [Middle English via Anglo-French hamelet(t)e, Old French hamelet, diminutive of hamel, diminutive of ham, from Middle Low German hamm]

hammer /ˈhæmə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles to the handle, used for breaking, driving nails, etc. 锤子；榔头b  a machine with a metal block serving the same purpose 冲击式钻机c  a similar contrivance, as for exploding the charge in a gun, striking the strings of a piano, etc. (枪支的)击铁 2  an auctioneer's mallet for indicating by a sharp tap that an article is sold (拍卖人用的)小木槌 3  a  a metal ball of about 7 kg, attached to a wire for throwing in an athletic contest (体育比赛用的)链球b  the sport of throwing the hammer 链球运动 4  a bone of the middle ear; the malleus (中耳)锤骨 ●v.  1  a tr. & intr.  hit or beat with or as with a hammer 用锤敲打；敲击，锤击b intr.  strike loudly; knock violently (esp. on a door) (尤指在门上)用力敲打 2 tr.  a  drive in (nails) with a hammer (将钉子)敲进去b  fasten or secure by hammering 锤合，锤紧  hammered the lid down  锤紧盖子 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  inculcate (ideas, knowledge, etc.) forcefully or repeatedly 灌输(观点、知识等)；反复教育 4 tr. colloq.  utterly defeat; inflict heavy damage on [口]彻底击败；使遭受重大损失 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, away at)  work hard or persistently at 致力于；不懈努力 6 tr. Brit. Stock Exch.  declare (a person or a firm) a defaulter [英]【股】宣布(某人或某公司)无力偿还债物、不履行债务 □ come under the hammer   be sold at an auction 被拍卖□ hammer out   1  make flat or smooth by hammering 锤平 2  work out the details of (a plan, agreement, etc.) laboriously 反复推敲作出(计划，协议等的)具体细节 3  play (a tune, esp. on the piano) loudly or clumsily 用力地弹奏(乐曲，尤指弹钢琴)□ hammering  n. (esp. in sense 4 of v. 尤用于动词释义 4)  □ hammerless  adj.   [Old English hamor, hamer]

hammer and sickle n.  the symbols of the industrial worker and the peasant used as the emblem of the former USSR and of international communism 锤子与镰刀(象征工人和农民，是前苏联的国徽和国际共产主义的图案)

hammer and tongs adv. colloq.  with great vigour and commotion [口]拼命地，竭力地

hammerbeam /ˈhæməbi:m/ n.  a wooden beam (often carved) projecting from a wall to support the principal rafter or the end of an arch (常为木制拱形的)椽尾梁，悬臂托梁

hammer drill n.  a drill with a bit that moves backwards and forwards while rotating 冲击式钻机

hammerhead /ˈhæməhed/ n.  1 (also 亦作 hammerhead shark)  any shark of the family Sphyrnidae, with a flattened head and eyes in lateral extensions of it 槌头双髻鲨(头扁平，两眼位于头平伸出的两端) 2  a long-legged African marsh bird, Scopus umbretta, with a thick bill and an occipital crest 非洲鹳(涉禽，腿长，喙粗，冠在后头部，生长在非洲的沼泽地)

hammerlock /ˈhæməlɒk/ n. Wrestling  a hold in which the arm is twisted and bent behind the back 【摔跤】锁臂

hammer-toe n.  a deformity in which the toe is bent permanently downwards 锤状趾

hammock /ˈhæmək/ n.  a bed of canvas or rope network, suspended by cords at the ends, used esp. on board ship (帆布或网状)吊床(尤用于船上) [earlier hamaca from Spanish, from Taino hamaka]

hammy /ˈhæmi/ adj. (hammier, hammiest)  1  of or like ham 火腿的；像火腿的 2 colloq. (of an actor or acting) over-theatrical [口] (指演员或表演)表演夸张的，表演过火的

hamper1 /ˈhæmpə/ n.  1  a large basket usu. with a hinged lid and containing food  picnic hamper  野餐篮 or US laundry 带盖食品篮；[美] (用于装洗衣房衣物的)大篮子 2 Brit.  a selection of food, drink, etc., for an occasion [英]篮装食品(指野餐食品、外出工作食品等) [Middle English via obsolete hanaper from Anglo-French, from Old French hanapier ‘case for a goblet’ from hanap ‘goblet’]

hamper2 /ˈhæmpə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  prevent the free movement or activity of 牵制；限制，抑制 2  impede, hinder 阻止，阻碍；妨碍 ●n. Naut.  necessary but cumbersome equipment on a ship 【海】障碍船具 [Middle English: origin unknown]

hamsin var.  of KHAMSIN  KHAMSIN 的变体

hamster /ˈhæmstə/ n.  a Eurasian rodent of the subfamily Cricetinae, having a short tail and large cheek pouches for storing food, esp. (in full 全称 common hamster) Cricetus cricetus and (in full 全称 golden hamster) Mesocricetus auratus, often kept as a pet or as a laboratory animal 仓鼠(欧亚啮齿动物，短尾，有长面颊袋，用于储存食物) [German, from Old High German hamustro ‘corn-weevil’]

hamstring /ˈhæmstriŋ/ n. & v. Anat. 【解】  ●n.  1  each of five tendons at the back of the knee in humans 腘绳肌(腱) 2  the great tendon at the back of the hock in quadrupeds (四足动物的)后腿腱；大肌腱 ●v. tr. (past and past part. hamstrung or hamstringed)  1  cripple by cutting the hamstrings of (a person or animal) (割断肌腱)使残废；使瘸腿 2  prevent the activity or efficiency of (a person or enterprise) 使(人或公司)受挫；使陷于瘫痪

hamulus /ˈhæmjʊləs/ n. (pl. hamuli /-lai, -li:/) Anat., Zool. & Bot.  a hooklike projection 【解】【动】【植】钩形突；小钩 [Latin, diminutive of hamus ‘hook’]

hand /hænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the end part of the human arm beyond the wrist, including the fingers and thumb (人类的)手b  in other primates, the end part of a forelimb, also used as a foot (灵长类的)前肢末端(也用作脚) 2  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  control, management, custody, disposal 掌握；支配；管理；控制；处置  is in good hands  妥善照看b  agency or influence 作用；势力  suffered at their hands  受他们折磨c  a share in an action; active support 参与，插手；援助 3  a thing compared with a hand or its functions, esp. the pointer of a clock or watch (尤指钟表的)指针 4  the right or left side or direction relative to a person or thing 面，侧；方面 5  a  a skill, esp. in something practical 技巧；技能，手艺  a hand for making pastry  做糕饼的技术b  a person skilful in some respect 巧匠，能手 6  a person who does or makes something, esp. distinctively 行家；能手  a picture by the same hand  由同一画家画的画 7  an individual's writing or the style of this; a signature 笔迹；书法；签名  a legible hand  可辨认的笔迹 in one's own hand  亲笔 witness the hand of ...  见证…的签字 8  a person etc. as the source of information etc. 资料来源；出处  at first hand  第一手，直接 9  a pledge of marriage 婚约 10  a person as a source of manual labour esp. in a factory, on a farm, or on board ship (尤指工厂、农场或船上的)人手，劳动力 11  a  the playing cards dealt to a player 一手牌；手中的牌b  the player holding these 拿牌的人c  a round of play 一局牌 12 colloq.  applause [口]鼓掌  got a big hand  受到热烈欢迎 13  the unit of measure of a horse's height, equal to 4 inches (10.16 cm) 一只手的宽度(用于测量马的高度，相当于 4 英寸， 10.16 厘米) 14 Brit.  a forehock of pork [英] (猪的)前腿肉 15  a bunch of bananas 一串香蕉 16 (作 attrib.)  a  operated or held in the hand 手动的；手持的  hand drill  手动钻头 hand luggage  手提行李b  done by hand and not by machine 手工制作的  hand-knitted  手工编织的 ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in, to, over, etc.)  deliver; transfer by hand or otherwise 传递；交，给 2  convey verbally 口头传达  handed me a lot of abuse  骂了我一通 3 colloq.  give away too readily [口]交出  handed them the advantage  把优势拱手让给他们 □ all hands   1  the entire crew of a ship 全体船员 2  the entire workforce 全体工作人员□ at hand   1  close by 在附近；供使用 2  about to happen 即将发生□ by hand   1  by a person and not a machine 人工；用体力 2  delivered privately and not by the public post 由专人手递□ from hand to mouth   satisfying only one's immediate needs 仅够糊口；勉强过日子 also 亦作 attrib.: a hand-to-mouth existence  勉强生存□ get (or have or keep) one's hand in   become (or be or remain) practised in something 使自己熟练起来□ give (or lend) a hand   assist in an action or enterprise 给予帮助□ hand and foot   completely; satisfying all demands 完全地；殷勤周到地  waited on them hand and foot  殷勤地招待他们□ hand down   1  pass the ownership or use of to another, esp. a successor or descendant 把…传下去；留给(尤指给予继承人或后裔) 2  a  transmit (a decision) from a higher court etc. (由上一级法院)发送(判决)b US  express (an opinion or verdict) [美]宣判；颁布(意见或判决)□ hand in glove   in collusion or association 勾结着，串通着；关系密切地□ hand in hand   in close association 联合地，关系密切地□ hand it to  colloq.  acknowledge the merit of (a person) [口]称赞；承认某人的长处□ hand off   1 Rugby  push off (a tackling opponent) with the hand 【英式橄榄球】(用手将阻截的对方队员)推开 2 Amer. Football  pass the ball by hand 【美式橄榄球】手递手传球□ hand on   pass (a thing) to the next in a series or succession 传递；转交□ hand out   1  serve, distribute 给予；分发，散发 2  award, allocate 判给；分配  the judges handed out stiff sentences  法官作出了严厉的判决□ hand over   deliver; surrender possession of 传递(所有权)；移交，让与□ hand over fist  colloq.  with rapid progress [口]迅速地□ hand round (or US [美] around)   distribute 散发，分发□ hands down  (esp. of winning) with no difficulty (尤指得胜)毫不费力地，轻易地□ hands off ●int.  a warning not to touch or interfere with something (警告)不许动！不许干涉！ ●adj. (作 hands-off)  not involving or requiring direct control or intervention 不插手的；不干涉的□ hands-on   1 Computing  of or requiring personal operation at a keyboard 【计算】手控的 2  involving or offering active participation rather than theory; direct, practical 参与的；直接的；实际的□ a hand's turn  colloq.  a stroke of work [口]举手之劳□ hands up!   an instruction to raise one's hands in surrender or to signify assent or participation (命令)举起手来！ □ have (or take) a hand in   share or take part in 参与，参加□ have one's hands full   be fully occupied 手头事情很多；忙得不可开交□ have one's hands tied  colloq.  be unable to act [口]手脚被束缚；无法行动□ hold one's hand   = stay one's hand (see below 见下) □ in hand   1  receiving attention 在进行中；在研究中 2  in reserve; at one's disposal 所有；拥有 3  under one's control 掌握中；控制下□ lay (or put) one's hands on   see 见 LAY1 □ off one's hands   no longer one's responsibility 不再是某人的责任；不再由某人负责□ on every hand (or all hands)   to or from all directions 在各方面；处处□ on hand   1  available 现有；在手边 2  present, in attendance 出席，到场□ on one's hands   1  resting on one as a responsibility 由某人负责 2  at one's disposal; available 由某人支配；现有  with time on his hands  由他支配的时间□ on the one (or the other) hand   from one (or another) point of view 一方面(或另一方面)□ out of hand   1  out of control 失控 2  peremptorily 紧急地；断然  refused out of hand  断然拒绝□ put (or set) one's hand to   start work on; engage in 着手干；参与□ stay one's hand  archaic or literary  refrain from action [古义] [文学用语]不采取行动□ to hand   1  within easy reach 在手边 2 (of a letter) received (指信)已收到□ turn one's hand to   undertake (as a new activity) 重新开始干□ handless  adj.   [Old English hand, hond, from Germanic]

handbag /ˈhæn(d)bæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  a small bag for a purse etc., carried esp. by a woman 手提包(尤指女用小包) ●v. tr.  treat (a person, idea, etc.) ruthlessly or insensitively 残酷地对待；麻木地对待 □ handbagging  n.  

handball n.  1 /ˈhæn(d)bɔ:l/  a Brit.  a game similar to football in which the ball is thrown rather than kicked [英]手球(运动)b  a game in which a ball is hit with the hand in a walled court 墙手球(运动) 2 /hæn(d)ˈbɔ:l/ Football  intentional touching of the ball with the hand or arm by a player other than the goalkeeper in the penalty area, constituting a foul 【足球】手球犯规

handbasin /ˈhæn(d)beis(ə)n/ n.  a small washbasin 小脸盆

handbell /ˈhæn(d)bel/ n.  a small bell, usu. tuned to a particular note and rung by hand, esp. one of a set giving a range of notes 手铃

handbill /ˈhæn(d)bil/ n.  a printed notice distributed by hand 传单

handbook /ˈhæn(d)bʊk/ n.  a short manual or guidebook 手册；指南，便览

handbrake /ˈhæn(d)breik/ n.  a brake operated by hand 手闸；手制动器

handcart /ˈhæn(d)kɑ:t/ n.  a small cart pushed or drawn by hand 手推车

handclap /ˈhæn(d)klæp/ n.  a clapping of the hands 鼓掌，拍手

handcraft /ˈhæn(d)krɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  = HANDICRAFT  ●v. tr.  make by handicraft 手工制作

hand cream n.  an emollient for the hands 护手霜，润手油脂

handcuff /ˈhæn(d)kʌf/ n. & v. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of lockable linked metal rings for securing a prisoner's wrists 手铐 ●v. tr.  put handcuffs on 给…戴手铐

-handed /ˈhændid/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)  1  for or involving a specified number of hands (in various senses) (two-handed 两手的) 有…人手的；涉及…手的；由…人做的；由…人玩的 2  using chiefly the hand specified (left-handed 使用左手的，左撇子) 用(左或右)手的 □ -handedly  adv.  □ -handedness  n. (both in sense 2 两者均用于释义 2)  

handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  a quantity that fills the hand 一把；一握 2  a small number or amount 少数；少量 3 colloq.  a troublesome person or task [口]难以控制的人；麻烦事

handglass /ˈhæn(d)ɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a magnifying glass held in the hand 有柄放大镜 2  a small mirror with a handle 有柄小镜

hand grenade  see 见 GRENADE 1 

handgrip /ˈhæn(d)ɡrip/ n.  1  a grasp with the hand 抓；握 2  a handle designed for easy holding 柄；把

handgun /ˈhæn(d)ɡʌn/ n.  a small firearm held in and fired with one hand 手枪

hand-held /ˈhændheld/ adj. & n. ●adj.  designed to be held in the hand 手持的，手提式的 ●n.  a small hand-held computer 便携式电脑

handhold /ˈhændhəʊld/ n.  something for the hands to grip on (in climbing, sailing, etc.) (攀登或航行时)可以抓手的东西

hand-hot adj. (esp. of water) hot, but not too hot to put the hands into 热但仍能将手放入(尤指水)

handicap /ˈhændikæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a disadvantage imposed on a superior competitor in order to make the chances more equal (为使获胜机会平等，对强手施加的)不利条件b  a race or contest in which this is imposed (为强手设置障碍的)比赛或赛跑 2  the number of strokes by which a golfer normally exceeds par for the course 高尔夫球手超过标准杆数的击球数 3  a thing that makes progress or success difficult; an encumbrance or hindrance 障碍 4  a condition that markedly restricts a person's ability to function physically, mentally, or socially 身心缺陷；智力低下 ●v. tr. (handicapped, handicapping)  1  impose a handicap on 设置障碍；使不利 2  place (a person) at a disadvantage 使处于不利地位 □ handicapper  n.   [originally a game in which participants deposited forfeit money in a cap: the name probably from the phrase hand in cap]

handicapped /ˈhændikæpt/ adj.  suffering from a physical or mental disability 有生理缺陷的；智力低下的；残疾的

handicraft /ˈhændikrɑ:ft/ n.  work that requires both manual and artistic skill 手艺；手工艺品 [Middle English, alteration of earlier HANDCRAFT on the pattern of HANDIWORK]

handiwork /ˈhændiwɜ:k/ n.  work done or a thing made by hand, or by a particular person 手工；手工制品 [Old English handgeweorc]

handkerchief /ˈhæŋkətʃif/ n. (pl. handkerchiefs or -chieves /-tʃi:vz/)  a square of cotton, linen, silk, etc., usu. carried in the pocket for wiping one's nose, etc. 手帕，手绢

handle /ˈhænd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the part by which a thing is held, carried, or controlled 把手；手柄 2  a fact that may be taken advantage of 把柄，口实  gave a handle to his critics  给他的批评者留下把柄 3 colloq.  a personal title [口]名声；头衔，别号 4  the feel of goods, esp. textiles, when handled (尤指纺织品的)手感 ●v. tr.  1  touch, feel, operate, or move with the hands 触，摸；操作；移动 2  manage or deal with; treat in a particular or correct way 处理；应付，对待  knows how to handle people  知道如何和人相处 unable to handle the situation  不知如何应付这种场面 3  deal in (goods) 经营，经销 4  discuss or write about (a subject) 探讨；谈及，论及 □ get a handle on  colloq.  understand the basis of or reason for (a situation, circumstance, etc.) [口]控制，掌握□ handleable  adj.  □ handleability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ handled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English handle, handlian (as HAND)]

handlebar /ˈhænd(ə)lbɑ:/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the steering bar of a bicycle etc., with a handgrip at each end (自行车的)车把

handlebar moustache n.  a thick moustache extended sideways with curved ends 八字胡

handler /ˈhændlə/ n.  1  a person who handles or deals in certain commodities 处理者；经销商 2  a person who trains and looks after an animal (esp. a police dog) (尤指警犬的)训练者

handlist /ˈhændlist/ n.  a short list of essential reading, reference books, etc. (必读书刊、参考书等的)简明目录

handmade /hæn(d)ˈmeid/ adj.  made by hand and not by machine, esp. as designating superior quality 手工制作的(尤作为质量好的标志)

handmaid /ˈhæn(d)meid/ n. (also 亦作 handmaiden /-meid(ə)n/) archaic  a female servant or helper [古义]侍女；婢女；女仆

hand-me-down n.  an article of clothing etc. passed on from another person (别人送的)旧衣服(等)，遗物

handout /ˈhændaʊt/ n.  1  something given free to a needy person 施舍物品 2  a statement given to the press etc. (对新闻界等发布的)声明；新闻

handover /ˈhændəʊvə/ n. esp. Brit.  the act or an instance of handing over [尤英]移交；移交活动

hand-pick v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 handpicked adj.)  choose carefully or personally 仔细挑选；亲自挑选

handpump /ˈhæn(d)pʌmp/ n.  a pump operated by hand 手泵

handrail /ˈhændreil/ n.  a narrow rail for holding as a support on stairs etc. (楼梯等的)扶手，栏杆

handsaw /ˈhæn(d)sɔ:/ n.  a saw worked by one hand 手锯

handsel /ˈhæns(ə)l/ n. & v. (also 亦作 hansel) archaic [古义] ●n.  1  a gift at the beginning of the new year, or on coming into new circumstances (新年、乔迁、开张等的)礼物；贺礼 2  = EARNEST2 1  ●v. tr. (handselled, handselling; US [美] handseled, handseling) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  give a handsel to 送礼 2  inaugurate; be the first to try 创始；初次尝试 [Middle English, corresponding to Old English handselen ‘giving into a person's hands’, Old Norse handsal ‘giving of the hand (esp. in promise) ’, formed as HAND + Old English sellan SELL]

handset /ˈhæn(d)set/ n.  a telephone mouthpiece and earpiece forming one unit (听筒和话筒装在同一手柄上的)电话听筒

handshake /ˈhæn(d)ʃeik/ n.  the shaking of a person's hand with one's own as a greeting etc. 握手

handsome /ˈhæns(ə)m/ adj. (handsomer, handsomest)  1 (esp. of a man) good-looking (尤指男人)英俊的；漂亮的 2  imposing, fine 气势宏伟的；美观的  handsome building  堂皇的建筑 handsome stallion  骏马 3  a  generous, liberal 大方的；慷慨的  a handsome present  丰厚的礼物 handsome treatment  优待b (of a price, fortune, etc., as assets gained) considerable (指所获财产的价值等)相当大的；可观的 □ handsomeness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘easily handled, handy, suitable’ from HAND + -SOME1]

handsomely /ˈhæns(ə)mli/ adv.  1  generously, liberally 大方地，慷慨地 2  finely, beautifully 精致地，优美地 3 Naut.  carefully 【海】缓慢小心地

handspike /ˈhæn(d)spaik/ n.  a wooden rod shod with iron, used as a lever on board ship and by artillery soldiers (船上的)绞盘棒；炮脚架铁柄

handspring /ˈhæn(d)spriŋ/ n.  a somersault in which one lands first on the hands and then on the feet 手翻；前手翻腾越

handstand /ˈhæn(d)stænd/ n.  an act of balancing on one's hands with the feet in the air or against a wall 手倒立

hand-to-hand adj. (of fighting) at close quarters (指搏斗)直接交手的；肉搏的

hand tool n.  a tool operated by hand without electricity 手工工具

handwork /ˈhændwɜ:k/ n.  work done with the hands, esp. as opposed to machinery 手工(尤指相对于机械) □ handworked  adj.  

handwriting /ˈhændraitiŋ/ n.  1  writing with a pen, pencil, etc. 书写；笔写 2  a person's particular style of writing 书法；笔迹 □ handwritten  /-ˈrit(ə)n/ adj.  

handy /ˈhændi/ adj. (handier, handiest)  1  convenient to handle or use; useful 易于操作的；便于使用的；有用的 2  ready to hand; placed or occurring conveniently 在手边的；方便的 3  clever with the hands 手巧的；灵敏的 □ handily  adv.  □ handiness  n.  

handyman /ˈhændimæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a person able or employed to do occasional domestic repairs and minor renovations 杂务工(做修补等杂活的人)

hang /hæŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. hung /hʌŋ/ except in sense 7 释义 7 除外)  1 tr.  a  secure or cause to be supported from above, esp. with the lower part free 使吊起b (foll. by 后跟 up, on, on to, etc.)  attach loosely by suspending from the top 悬挂 2 tr.  set up (a door, gate, etc.) on its hinges so that it moves freely (给门等)安装铰链 3 tr.  place (a picture) on a wall or in an exhibition (将画)悬挂(在墙上或展厅) 4 tr.  attach (wallpaper) in vertical strips to a wall 贴(墙纸) 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq.  attach the blame for (a thing) to (a person) [口]责怪  you can't hang that on me  你不能将这件事怪在我头上 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  decorate by hanging pictures or decorations etc. (用挂画或装饰品等)装饰  a hall hung with tapestries  挂毯装饰的大厅 7 tr. & intr. (past and past part. hanged)  a  suspend or be suspended by the neck until dead, esp. as a form of capital punishment 绞死；吊死b  as a mild oath 该死(用于诅咒语)  hang the expense  该死的费用 let everything go hang  让一切见鬼去吧 8 tr.  let droop 使垂下；使低下  hang one's head  垂下头 9 tr.  suspend (meat or game) from a hook and leave it until dry or tender or high 晾挂(肉或野味) 10 intr.  be or remain hung (in various senses) 悬挂着；吊着 11 intr.  remain static in the air (在空中)悬浮，漂浮 12 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  be present or imminent, esp. oppressively or threateningly 笼罩，逼近  a hush hung over the room  室内一片寂静 13 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  a  be contingent or dependent on 有赖于；取决于  everything hangs on the discussions  一切取决于讨论的结果b  listen closely to 倾听，注意听  hangs on their every word  仔细听他们的每一句话 ●n.  1  the way a thing hangs or falls 悬挂 2  a downward droop or bend 下垂；低垂 □ be hung up  slang  be emotionally confused or disturbed [俚语] (感情上)使困惑；使烦扰□ be hung up on  slang  have a psychological or emotional obsession or problem about [俚语]使产生(心理上或感情上的)问题；迷恋  is really hung up on her father  真的迷上了她的父亲□ get the hang of  colloq.  understand the technique or meaning of [口]掌握；熟悉；懂得□ hang around (also Brit. [亦英] about)   1  a  loiter or dally; not move away 闲荡；逗留，徘徊b  linger near (a person or place) 呆在(某地)；围在(某人)周围c  wait 等待 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  associate with (a person etc.) (和某人)在一起；厮混□ hang back   1  show reluctance to act or move 畏缩，踌躇不前 2  remain behind 落在后面□ hang fire   be slow in taking action or in progressing 延迟；犹豫不决□ hang heavily (or heavy)  (of time) pass slowly (指时间)过得慢□ hang in  esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  persist, persevere 坚持下去；不泄气 2  linger 闲逛；逗留□ hang on   1 colloq.  continue or persevere, esp. with difficulty [口] (尤指在困难中)坚持，不放弃 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  continue to hold or grasp 紧紧握住；抓住不放 3 (foll. by 常后跟 to)  retain; fail to give back 保留；持续 4  a colloq.  wait for a short time [口]等待片刻b (in telephoning) continue to listen during a pause in the conversation (电话)不挂断□ hang out   1  hang from a window, clothes line, etc. (从窗口、在晾衣绳上等)挂出；晾出 2  protrude or cause to protrude downwards (向下)伸出 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lean out of (a window etc.) 探出(窗外) 4 slang  reside or be often present [俚语]居住；经常出没□ hang together   1  make sense 符合逻辑；连贯，一致 2  remain associated 团结一致，相互合作□ hang up   1  hang from a hook, peg, etc. 挂起 2  end a telephone conversation, esp. (foll. by 后跟 on) abruptly (尤指突然)挂断电话  then he hung up on me  然后他挂断了我的电话 3  a  cause delay or difficulty to 推迟，拖延；搁置b slang  confuse or disturb emotionally [俚语]困扰，烦扰□ let it all hang out  slang  be uninhibited or relaxed [俚语]不拘礼节；轻松随便□ not care (or give) a hang  colloq.  not care at all [口]一点不在意 [partly from Old Norse transitive verb hanga = Old English hōn, partly from Old English intransitive verb hangian, from Germanic]

hangar /ˈhæŋə/ n.  a building with extensive floor area, for housing aircraft etc. 飞机棚，机库 □ hangarage  n.   [French, of unknown origin]

hangdog /ˈhæŋdɒɡ/ adj.  having a dejected or guilty appearance; shamefaced 卑鄙的；低贱的；感到有罪的；惭愧的

hanger1 /ˈhæŋə/ n.  1  a person or thing that hangs 执行绞刑的人；挂物的东西 2 (in full 全称 coat-hanger)  a shaped piece of wood or plastic etc. from which clothes may be hung 衣挂；挂钩

hanger2 /ˈhæŋə/ n. Brit.  a wood on the side of a steep hill [英]陡坡林地 [Old English hangra from hangian HANG]

hanger-on n. (pl. hangers-on)  a follower or dependant, esp. an unwelcome one 随从；食客(尤指不受欢迎者)

hang-glider /ˈhæŋˌɡlaidə/ n.  1  a frame with a fabric aerofoil stretched over it, from which the operator is suspended and controls flight by body movement 悬挂式滑翔机 2  a person who practises hang-gliding 悬挂式滑翔机运动员 □ hang-glide  v. intr.  □ hang-gliding  n.  

hanging /ˈhæŋiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the practice or an act of executing by hanging a person 绞死；绞刑b (作 attrib.)  meriting or causing this 应处绞刑(的)  a hanging offence  可处以绞刑的犯罪 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  draperies hung on a wall etc. 悬挂在墙上的装饰性织物 ●adj.  1  that hangs or is hung; suspended 悬挂着的；吊着的 2  situated on a steep slope 位于陡坡上的  hanging gardens  陡坡花园 hanging glacier  陡峭的冰川

hanging valley n.  a valley which is cut across by a deeper valley or a cliff 悬谷

hangman /ˈhæŋmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  an executioner who hangs condemned persons 执行绞刑的刽子手 2  a game for two in which failed attempts to guess the letters of a word are recorded by drawing a gallows and someone hanging on it, line by line 绞刑猜字游戏(两个人猜字，一人选择一字让另一人猜其字母，每猜错一次就画一个吊有人的绞架)

hangnail /ˈhæŋneil/ n.  = AGNAIL  [alteration of AGNAIL, influenced by HANG and taking nail as = NAIL n. 2a]

hang-out n. slang  a place one lives in or frequently visits [俚语]住处；常去处，经常出没的地方

hangover /ˈhæŋəʊvə/ n.  1  a severe headache or other after-effects caused by drinking an excess of alcohol 宿醉(饮酒过量引起的严重头痛或其他不良反应) 2  a survival from the past 遗留物；残存物

Hang Seng index /hæŋ ˈseŋ/ n.  a figure indicating the relative price of representative shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (香港证券交易所)恒生指数 [Hang Seng, name of a Hong Kong bank]

hang-up n. slang  an emotional problem or inhibition [俚语]感情问题；烦恼，焦虑

Hank /hæŋk/   汉克 [人名]

hank /hæŋk/ n.  1  a coil or skein of wool or thread etc. 束；圈 2  any of several measures of length of cloth or yarn, e.g. 840 yards for cotton yarn and 560 yards for worsted 亨克(布或纱的长度单位，棉纱相当于 840 码，毛纱相当于 560 码) 3 Naut.  a ring of rope, iron, etc., for securing the staysails to the stays 【海】帆眼圈 [Middle English from Old Norse höink: cf. Swedish hank ‘string’, Danish hank ‘handle’]

hanker /ˈhæŋkə/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, after, or to + infin.)  long for; crave 渴望，热切希望 □ hankerer  n.  □ hankering  n.   [obsolete hank, probably related to HANG]

hanky /ˈhæŋki/ n. (also 亦作 hankie) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a handkerchief [口]手帕 [abbreviation]

hanky-panky /hæŋkiˈpæŋki/ n. slang [俚语]  1  naughtiness, esp. sexual misbehaviour 不规矩(尤指性乱交) 2  dishonest dealing; trickery 欺诈；骗术；花招 [19th c.: perhaps based on hocus-pocus]

Hannah /ˈhænə/   汉纳 [人名]

Hanoi /hæˈnɒi/ n.  河内 [越南首都]

Hanoverian /hænə(ʊ)ˈviəriən/ adj.  of or relating to the British sovereigns from George I to Victoria (1714 － 1901) 英国汉诺威王国的；有关汉诺威王室的(乔治一世至维多利亚女王统治期间，即 1714 至 1901 年间) [Hanover in Germany, whose Elector became George I in 1714]

Hansa /ˈhænsə/ n. (also 亦作 Hanse)  1  a  a medieval guild of merchants 中世纪商业行会b  the entrance fee to a guild 商业行会入会费 2 (also 亦作 Hanseatic League)  a medieval political and commercial league of Germanic towns 汉萨同盟(中世纪德国城镇的政治和商业组织) □ Hanseatic  /-siˈætik/ adj.   [Middle High German hanse, Old High German, Gothic hansa ‘company’]

Hansard /ˈhænsɑ:d, -səd/ n.  the official verbatim record of debates in the British Parliament 英国议会议事录 [named after T. C. Hansard, English printer (d. 1833), who first printed it]

hansel var.  of HANDSEL  HANDSEL 的变体

Hansen's disease /ˈhæns(ə)nz/ n.  = LEPROSY 1  [named after G. H. A. Hansen, Norwegian physician d. 1912]

hansom /ˈhæns(ə)m/ n. (in full 全称 hansom cab) hist.  a two-wheeled horse-drawn cab accommodating two inside, with the driver seated behind [史义] (车夫御座在后的)双轮双座马车 [named after J. A. Hansom, English architect (d. 1882), who designed it]

Hants /hænts/ abbr.  Hampshire [缩略]汉普(夏)郡 [Old English Hantescire]

Hanukkah /ˈhænʊkə, x-/ n. (also 亦作 Chanukkah)  the Jewish festival of lights, commemorating the purification of the Temple in 165 BC (犹太教的)光明节，献殿节(纪念公元前 165 年净化耶路撒冷庙宇的节日) [Hebrew ḥɑˉnukkɑˉh ‘consecration’]

hanuman /hʌnʊˈmɑ:n/ n.  1  an Indian langur, Presbytis entellus, venerated by Hindus; also called wanderoo 印度长尾猴 2 (作 Hanuman) Hinduism  the monkey-god, a loyal helper of Rama 【印度教】猴神 [Hindi]

hap /hæp/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  1  chance, luck 机遇；运气 2  a chance occurrence (偶然发生的)事情 ●v. intr. (happed, happing)  1  come about by chance 偶然发生 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  happen to 碰巧 [Middle English from Old Norse happ]

hapax legomenon /hæpæks liˈɡɒminɒn/ n. (pl. hapax legomena /-minə/)  a word of which only one instance of use is recorded 只出现过一次的词语 [Greek, = a thing said once]

ha'penny var.  of HALFPENNY  HALFPENNY 的变体

haphazard /hæpˈhæzəd/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  done etc. by chance; random 偶然的；随意的 ●adv.  at random 偶然地；随意地 □ haphazardly  adv.  □ haphazardness  n.   [HAP + HAZARD]

hapless /ˈhæplis/ adj. (esp. of a person) unfortunate (尤指人)不幸的；运气不好的，倒霉的 □ haplessly  adv.  □ haplessness  n.   [HAP + -LESS]

haplography /hæpˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  the accidental omission of letters when these are repeated in a word (e.g. 如 philogy for philology 将 philology 写成 philogy) 掉字，漏写 [Greek haplous ‘single’ + -GRAPHY]

haploid /ˈhæplɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. Biol. 【生】  1 (of a cell) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (指细胞)单倍体的 2 (of an organism) composed of haploid cells (指生物)由单倍体细胞组成的 ●n.  a haploid organism or cell 单倍体生物或细胞 [German, from Greek haplous ‘single’ + eidos ‘form’]

haplology /hæpˈlɒlədʒi/ n.  the omission of a sound when this is repeated within a word (e.g. 如 February pronounced /ˈfebri/ 将 February 读作 /ˈfebri/) 重复音漏读，掉音 [Greek haplous ‘single’ + -LOGY]

ha'p'orth var.  of HALFPENNYWORTH  HALFPENNYWORTH 的变体

happen /ˈhæp(ə)n/ v. & adv. ●v. intr.  1  occur (by chance or otherwise) 发生；偶然发生 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  have the (good or bad) fortune to (有幸或不幸)碰巧  I happened to meet her  我碰巧遇到她 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be the (esp. unwelcome) fate or experience of 临到；碰到  what happened to you?  你怎么了？ I hope nothing happens to them  我希望他们没有发生意外 4 (foll. by 后跟 on)  encounter or discover by chance 偶然碰到；无意中发现 ●adv. N. Engl. dial.  perhaps, maybe [英格兰北部方]可能，也许  happen it'll rain  可能会下雨 □ as it happens   in fact; in reality 实际上；事实上  as it happens, it turned out well  事实上，一切顺利 [Middle English from HAP + -EN1]

happening /ˈhæp(ə)niŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an event or occurrence 发生的事；事情，事件 2  an improvised or spontaneous theatrical etc. performance 事件剧(一种即兴的、通常是自发的演出) ●adj. slang  exciting, fashionable, trendy [俚语]令人兴奋的；流行的；时髦的

happenstance /ˈhæp(ə)nstæns/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a thing that happens by chance [尤北美]偶然发生的事情；偶然事件 [HAPPEN + CIRCUMSTANCE]

happi /ˈhæpi/ n. (pl. happis) (also 亦作 happi-coat)  a loose informal Japanese coat (日常穿着的日式)宽松外套 [Japanese]

happy /ˈhæpi/ adj. (happier, happiest)  1  feeling or showing pleasure or contentment 高兴的，愉快的；满意的 2  a  fortunate; characterized by happiness 幸运的；幸福的b (of words, behaviour, etc.) apt, pleasing (言语、行为等)适当的；合意的 3 colloq.  slightly drunk [口]有些许醉意的；飘飘然的 4 (in comb. 用于复合词) colloq.  inclined to use excessively or at random [口]过分(或随意)使用的  trigger-happy  好斗的 □ happy as a sandboy   see 见 SANDBOY □ happily  adv.  □ happiness  n.   [Middle English, from HAP + -Y1]

happy event n. colloq.  the birth of a child [口]喜事(指孩子出生)

happy families n. Brit.  a card game the object of which is to acquire four members of the same ‘family’ [英]快乐家庭游戏

happy-go-lucky /ˌhæpiɡəʊˈlʌki/ adj.  cheerfully casual 无忧无虑的；听天由命的

happy hour n.  a period of the day when drinks are sold at reduced prices in bars, hotels, etc. 快乐时间(酒吧，旅店等削价销售饮料的时间)

happy hunting ground n.  a place where success or enjoyment is obtained 乐土，乐园

happy medium n.  a satisfactory compromise; the avoidance of extremes 折中的办法；中庸之道

haptic /ˈhæptik/ adj.  relating to the sense of touch 触觉的 [Greek haptikos ‘able to touch’ from haptō ‘fasten’]

hara-kiri /hærəˈkiri/ n.  ritual suicide by disembowelment with a sword, formerly practised by Samurai to avoid dishonour 切腹自杀 [colloq. Japanese, from hara ‘belly’ + kiri ‘cutting’]

harangue /həˈræŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a lengthy and earnest speech 慷慨激昂的长篇演说；高谈阔论 ●v. tr.  lecture or make a harangue to 作长篇演说 □ haranguer  n.   [Middle English from French via Old French arenge from medieval Latin harenga, perhaps from Germanic]

harass /ˈhærəs, disp. [异议] həˈræs/ v. tr.  1  trouble and annoy continually or repeatedly 烦扰，打扰 2  make repeated attacks on (an enemy or opponent) 骚扰，侵扰(敌人或对手) □ harasser  n.  □ harassingly  adv.  □ harassment  n.   [French harasser from Old French harer ‘set a dog on’]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is common, but is considered incorrect by some people. 所给的第二种发音方法，即重音放在第二个音节是常见的，但有人认为是错误的。 

harbinger /ˈhɑ:bin(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another 通报人；预告者；前兆，预示 2  a forerunner 前驱；先导，先锋 [earlier = ‘a person who provides lodging’: Middle English herbergere from Old French, from herberge ‘lodging’, from Germanic]

harbour /ˈhɑ:bə/ n. & v. (US [美] harbor) ●n.  1  a place of shelter for ships 海港，港口；港湾 2  a shelter; a place of refuge or protection 避风港；躲避处 ●v.  1 tr.  give shelter to (esp. a criminal or wanted person) 庇护；窝藏(尤指罪犯或通缉者) 2 tr.  keep in one's mind, esp. resentfully 心怀，怀藏(尤指怨恨)  harbour a grudge  怀恨在心 3 intr.  come to anchor in a harbour 在港口停泊 □ harbourless  adj.   [Old English herebeorg, perhaps from Old Norse, related to HARBINGER]

harbourage /ˈhɑ:b(ə)ridʒ/ n. (US [美] harborage)  a shelter or place of shelter, esp. for ships (尤指船)停泊处；锚地；港口

harbour master n. (US [美] harbormaster)  an official in charge of a harbour 港务长官

harbour seal n. N. Amer.  the common seal, Phoca vitulina [北美]斑海豹

hard /hɑ:d/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a substance, material, etc.) firm and solid; unyielding to pressure; not easily cut (物质，材料等)坚硬的；坚实的 2  a  difficult to understand or explain 困难的  a hard problem  难题b  difficult to accomplish 费力的  a hard decision  难下的决心c (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  not easy to 很难的  hard to believe  无法相信 hard to please  难讨好的 3  difficult to bear; entailing suffering 难以忍受的；困苦的  a hard life  艰苦的生活 4 (of a person) unfeeling; severely critical (指人)无情的；苛刻的 5 (of a season or the weather) severe, harsh (指季节或天气)严酷的；猛烈的  a hard winter  严冬 a hard frost  严霜 6  harsh or unpleasant to the senses (感觉)刺目的；刺耳的  a hard voice  刺耳的声音 hard colours  刺眼的色彩 7  a  strenuous, enthusiastic, intense 发奋的；热情的；紧张的  a hard worker  勤奋工作的人 a hard fight  激战b  severe, uncompromising 严厉的；不让步的，不妥协的  a hard blow  沉重的打击 a hard bargain  难做的生意 hard words  难听的话c Polit.  extreme; most radical 【政】极端的；激进的  the hard right  极右派 8  a (of liquor) strongly alcoholic (指酒)烈性的，酒精成分高的b (of drugs) potent and addictive (指毒品)使成瘾的c (of radiation) highly penetrating (指辐射)穿透力强的d (of pornography) highly obscene and explicit (色情描写)露骨的 9 (of water) containing mineral salts that make lathering difficult (指水)含无机盐的；水质硬的 10  established; not disputable; reliable 确定的；无争议的；可靠的  hard facts  铁的事实 hard data  可靠的数据 11 Stock Exch. (of currency, prices, etc.) high; not likely to fall in value 【股】(指货币、价格等)高价格的；不易贬值的 12 (of a consonant) guttural (as c in cat, g in go) (指辅音)硬音的(如在 cat 中的 c 音，在 go 中的 g 音) ●adv.  1  strenuously, intensely, copiously; with one's full effort 艰苦地；努力地；费劲地  try hard  努力尝试 look hard at  紧盯着 is raining hard  下大雨 hard-working  勤奋工作 2  with difficulty or effort 艰难地；努力地  hard-earned  辛苦挣来的 3  so as to be hard or firm 坚硬地；坚实地  hard-baked  烤硬的 the jelly set hard  果子冻成型了 ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a sloping roadway across a foreshore (前滩上的)硬斜坡道 2 slang [俚语]  = HARD LABOUR got two years' hard  做了两年苦役  □ be hard on   1  be difficult for 对…来说很困难 2  be severe in one's treatment or criticism of 严厉对待 3  be unpleasant to (the senses) 使感觉不舒服□ be hard put to it  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  find it difficult 发现…很困难□ go hard with   turn out to (a person's) disadvantage 对…不利；处境尴尬□ hard at it  colloq.  busily working or occupied [口]努力工作；拼命干□ hard by   near; close by 在附近；接近□ a hard case   1 colloq. [口]  a  an intractable person 倔犟的人；难对付的人b Austral. & NZ  an amusing or eccentric person [澳新]滑稽的人；古怪的人 2  a case of hardship 难题；困难□ a hard nut to crack  colloq. [口]  1  a difficult problem 难题 2  a person or thing not easily understood or influenced 无法理解的人或事；无法影响的人或事□ hard on (or upon)   close to in pursuit etc. 将近；紧跟之后□ put the hard word on  Austral. & NZ slang  ask a favour (esp. sexual or financial) of [澳新] [俚语]要求欢心，要求惠赠(尤指性方面或经济方面)□ hardish  adj.  □ hardness  n.   [Old English hard, heard, from Germanic]

hard and fast adj. (of a rule or a distinction made) definite, unalterable, strict (指规则或级别)明确的；不可更改的；严格的

hardback /ˈhɑ:dbæk/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a book) bound in stiff covers (书)硬皮封面的；精装的 ●n.  a hardback book 精装书籍

hardball /ˈhɑ:dbɔ:l/ n. & v. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  1  = BASEBALL  2 slang  uncompromising methods or dealings, esp. in politics [俚语] (尤指政治上)强硬方式，强硬手段  play hardball  采取强硬方式 ●v. tr. slang  pressure or coerce politically [俚语] (政治上)施加压力；采取强硬手段

hardbitten /hɑ:dˈbit(ə)n/ adj. colloq.  tough and cynical [口]顽强的；坚韧的

hardboard /ˈhɑ:dbɔ:d/ n.  stiff board made of compressed and treated wood pulp 硬纸板；硬质纤维板

hard-boiled adj.  1 (of an egg) boiled until the white and the yolk are solid (指鸡蛋)煮得老的 2 (of a person) tough, shrewd (指人)强硬的；精明的

hard cash n.  negotiable coins and banknotes 硬币；现钞

hard cheese  see 见 CHEESE1 

hard coal n.  anthracite 硬煤，无烟煤

hard copy n.  printed material produced by computer, usu. on paper, suitable for ordinary reading 硬拷贝；打印文本

hard core n.  1  an irreducible nucleus 中坚分子，铁杆分子 2 colloq. [口]  a  the most active or committed members of a society etc. 活跃分子；核心，骨干b  a conservative or reactionary minority 保守派或反动的少数派；铁杆分子 3 (usu. 通常作 hardcore) Brit.  solid material, esp. rubble, forming the foundation of a road etc. [英] (用于铺路等的)碎砖石 4 (usu. 通常作 hardcore)  popular music that is experimental in nature and usu. characterized by high volume and aggressive presentation 硬音乐

hard-core adj.  1  forming a nucleus or centre 中坚的；骨干的 2  blatant, uncompromising 坚定的，不妥协的 3 (of pornography) explicit, obscene (色情描写)赤裸裸的；露骨的 4 (of drug addiction) relating to ‘hard’ drugs, esp. heroin (指毒瘾)上瘾的；成瘾的(尤指吸食海洛因)

hardcover /ˈhɑ:dkʌvə/ adj. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = HARDBACK 

hard disk n. Computing  a rigid usu. magnetic disk, having a large data storage capacity 【计算】硬盘

hard doer  see 见 DOER 3 

hard-done-by adj. Brit.  harshly or unfairly treated [英]受虐待的；受不公平待遇的

hard-earned adj.  that has taken a great deal of effort to earn or acquire 辛苦获得的；辛苦挣得的

harden /ˈhɑ:d(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become hard or harder 使硬化；使更坚硬 2 intr. & tr.  become, or make (one's attitude etc.), obdurate, uncompromising, or less sympathetic (指人的态度等)变得顽固；变得麻木；使冷酷无情 3 intr. (of prices etc.) cease to fall or fluctuate (指价格等)止跌，变得坚挺；停止波动 □ harden off   inure (a plant) to cold by gradual increase of its exposure (使植物逐渐暴露以)适应寒冷□ hardener  n.  

hardening /ˈhɑ:d(ə)niŋ/ n.  1  the process or an instance of becoming hard 硬化 2 (in full 全称 hardening of the arteries) Med. 【医】  = ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 

hard error n. Computing  a permanent error 【计算】硬错误(无法更改)

hard feelings n. pl.  feelings of resentment 恼怒，怨恨

hard hat n.  1  protective headgear worn on building sites etc. 安全帽，防护帽 2 colloq.  a reactionary person [口]保守派；反动派

hard-headed adj.  practical, realistic; not sentimental 实际的；现实的；不感情用事的 □ hard-headedly  adv.  □ hard-headedness  n.  

hardheads /ˈhɑ:dhedz/ n. (also 亦作 hardhead /ˈhɑ:dhed/)  a tough-stemmed knapweed, Centaurea nigra, with dense purple flower heads, native to Europe and widely introduced elsewhere 矢车菊

hard-hearted adj.  unfeeling, unsympathetic 无情的，冷酷的；没有同情心的 □ hard-heartedly  adv.  □ hard-heartedness  n.  

hard hit adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  badly affected 遭受沉重打击的；受到严重影响的

hard-hitting adj.  aggressively critical 强有力的，有闯劲的

hardihood /ˈhɑ:dihʊd/ n.  boldness, daring 卤莽，狂妄；大胆

hard labour n.  heavy manual work as a punishment, esp. in a prison (尤指在监狱中作为刑罚的)苦工，苦役

hard landing n.  1  a clumsy or rough landing of an aircraft 硬着陆 2  an uncontrolled landing in which a spacecraft is destroyed 失控着陆，碰撞着陆(飞机被毁)

hard line n. & adj. ●n.  unyielding adherence to a firm policy 强硬路线，强硬政策 ●attrib. adj. (作 hardline)  unyielding, strict, firm 不妥协的；坚定的，强硬的 □ hardliner  n.  

hard lines n. pl. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = HARD LUCK 

hard luck n.  worse fortune than one deserves 厄运，倒霉

hardly /ˈhɑ:dli/ adv.  1  scarcely; only just 几乎不；仅仅  we hardly knew them  我们几乎不认识他们 2  only with difficulty 勉强  could hardly speak  勉强能说话 3  harshly 严厉地；苛刻地 □ hardly any   almost no; almost none 几乎没有(人)□ hardly ever   very rarely 很少；难得■Usage 用法说明 Hardly should not be used with negative constructions. Expressions such as I couldn't hardly see are non-standard; the correct form is I could hardly see. hardly 不用于否定句中。像 I couldn't hardly see 的表达是不标准的，正确表达为 I could hardly see (我几乎什么也看不到)。 

hard-nosed adj. colloq.  realistic, uncompromising [口]实际的；不妥协的

hard nut n. slang  a tough, aggressive person [俚语]固执的人；好斗的人

hard of hearing adj.  somewhat deaf 有点聋的，重听的

hard-on n. coarse slang  an erection of the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎勃起

hard pad n.  a form of distemper in dogs etc. (狗等的)硬足掌病

hard palate n.  the front part of the palate 硬腭

hardpan /ˈhɑ:dpæn/ n. Geol.  a hardened layer of clay occurring in or below the soil profile 【地质】硬质地层

hard-paste adj.  denoting a Chinese or ‘true’ porcelain made of fusible and infusible materials (usu. clay and stone) and fired at a high temperature 硬质瓷

hard-pressed adj.  1  closely pursued 被紧紧追赶的，被催逼的 2  burdened with urgent business 处境艰难的

hard rock n. colloq.  rock music with a heavy beat [口]硬摇滚乐

hard roe  see 见 ROE1 

hard sauce n.  a sauce of butter and sugar, often with brandy etc. added 黄油甜酱(常加白兰地等)

hard sell n.  aggressive salesmanship or advertising 强行推销

hardshell /ˈhɑ:dʃel/ adj.  1  having a hard shell 有硬壳的 2 esp. US  rigid, orthodox, uncompromising [尤美]僵硬的；保守的；不妥协的

hardship /ˈhɑ:dʃip/ n.  1  severe suffering or privation 艰难；困苦；贫困 2  the circumstance causing this 困境；苦处

hard shoulder n. Brit.  a hardened strip alongside a motorway for stopping on in an emergency [英]硬质路肩(高速公路边供紧急停车用的硬质路面)

hardstanding /ˈhɑ:dstændiŋ/ n.  an area of hard material for a vehicle to stand on when not in use 硬地面(用于停放汽车)

hard stuff n. colloq.  strong alcoholic drink, esp. whisky [口]烈性酒(尤指威士忌)

hard tack n.  a ship's biscuit (供海员食用的)压缩饼干

hard-top n.  a motor car with a rigid (usu. detachable) roof (顶篷通常可拆离的)硬顶小客车

hard up adj.  1  short of money 缺钱 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  at a loss for; lacking 缺乏；缺少

hardware /ˈhɑ:dwɛə/ n.  1  tools and household articles of metal etc. 五金用具；五金制品 2  heavy machinery or armaments 重型机器；武器 3  the mechanical and electronic components of a computer etc. (cf. 参见 SOFTWARE) (计算机等的)硬件

hard-wearing adj.  able to stand much wear 经穿的，耐磨的

hard wheat n.  wheat with a hard grain rich in gluten 硬粒小麦

hard-wired adj.  involving or achieved by permanently connected circuits designed to perform a specific function 硬接线的；硬连线的

hardwood /ˈhɑ:dwʊd/ n.  the wood from a deciduous broadleaved tree as distinguished from that of conifers 硬木材；阔叶材

hard-working adj.  diligent 勤奋的，刻苦的

hardy /ˈhɑ:di/ adj. (hardier, hardiest)  1  robust; capable of enduring difficult conditions 强壮的；吃苦耐劳的 2 (of a plant) able to grow in the open air all the year (指植物)耐寒的；有抗性的 □ hardily  adv.  □ hardiness  n.   [Middle English from Old French hardi, past part. of hardir ‘become bold’, from Germanic: related to HARD]

hardy annual n.  1  an annual plant that may be sown in the open 一年生耐寒植物 2 Brit. joc.  a subject that comes up at regular intervals [英诙]定期出现的问题

hare /hɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various mammals esp. of the genus Lepus resembling a large rabbit, with tawny fur, long ears, short tail, and hind legs longer than forelegs, inhabiting fields, hills, etc. 野兔 2 (in full 全称 electric hare)  a dummy hare propelled by electricity, used in greyhound racing 仿真兔(一种电动的假兔，用于赛狗) ●v. intr.  run with great speed 飞跑 □ run with the hare and hunt with the hounds  Brit.  try to remain on good terms with both sides [英]两面讨好□ start a hare  Brit.  raise a topic of conversation [英]提出话题 [Old English hara, from Germanic]

hare and hounds n.  a paperchase 猎狗追兔游戏(一种儿童游戏，前边的“兔子”撒纸，后边的“猎狗”追赶)

harebell /ˈhɛəbel/ n.  a plant, Campanula rotundifolia, with slender stems and pale blue bell-shaped flowers. Also (esp. Sc. [尤苏格兰]) called 亦称作 bluebell 圆叶风铃草(细茎，开淡蓝色铃状花)

hare-brained /ˈhɛəbreind/ adj.  rash, wild 轻率的，浮躁的；粗野的

Hare Krishna /hæri ˈkriʃnə, hɑ:rei/ n.  1  a sect devoted to the worship of the Hindu deity Krishna (an incarnation of Vishnu) (印度教)克利须那派 2 (pl. Hare Krishnas)  a member of this sect 克利须那派教徒 [Sanskrit, = O Vishnu Krishna (a devotional chant)]

harelip /hɛəˈlip/ n. often offens. [常冒犯]  = CLEFT LIP  □ harelipped  adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 Harelip is now usually regarded as offensive; cleft lip is the preferred term. 词语 harelip 被认为有贬义，现用 cleft lip 。 

harem /ˈhɑ:ri:m, hɑ:ˈri:m, ˈhɛərəm/ n.  1  a  the women of a Muslim household, living in a separate part of the house (伊斯兰教徒家中单独居住的)女眷b  their quarters 内房；闺房 2  a group of female animals sharing a mate (与一只雄性动物配偶的)一群雌性动物 [Arabic ḥarɑˉm, ḥarīm, originally = prohibited, prohibited place, from ḥarama ‘prohibit’]

hare's-foot n. (in full 全称 hare's-foot clover)  a clover, Trifolium arvense, with soft hair around the flowers 三叶草(苜蓿，花周围有细毛)

harewood /ˈhɛəwʊd/ n.  stained sycamore wood used for making furniture 染色槭木(用于做家具) [German dialect Ehre (from Latin acer ‘maple’) + WOOD]

haricot /ˈhærikəʊ/ n.  1 (in full 全称 haricot bean)  a variety of French bean with small white seeds 扁豆荚；菜豆荚 2  the dried seed of this used as a vegetable 扁豆；菜豆 [French]

Harijan /ˈhʌridʒ(ə)n, ˈhæridʒæn/ n.  a member of the class of untouchables in India 神的子民(印度社会地位最低的贱民) [Sanskrit, = a person dedicated to Vishnu, from Hari ‘Vishnu’, jana ‘person’]

hark /hɑ:k/ v. intr. (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) archaic  listen attentively [古义]听；留神听 □ hark back   revert to a topic discussed earlier 回到原题；旧事重提 [Middle English herkien from Old English, related to HEARKEN: hark back was originally a hunting call to retrace steps]

harken var.  of HEARKEN  HEARKEN 的变体

harl /hɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 harle, herl /hɜ:l/)  fibre of flax or hemp 亚麻纤维；大麻纤维 [Middle Low German herle, harle]

harlequin /ˈhɑ:likwin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (作 Harlequin)  a  a mute character in pantomime, usu. masked and dressed in a diamond-patterned costume (哑剧中戴有面具和穿菱形花衣服的)滑稽角色，丑角b hist.  a stock comic character in Italian commedia dell'arte [史义] (意大利喜剧中的)喜剧角色 2 (in full 全称 harlequin duck)  an Icelandic duck, Histrionicus histrionicus, the male of which has grey-blue plumage with chestnut and white markings 丑鸭 ●adj.  in varied colours; variegated 五颜六色的，色彩鲜艳的；杂色的 [French from earlier Herlequin, the name of the leader of a legendary troop of demon horsemen]

harlequinade /ˌhɑ:likwiˈneid/ n.  1  the part of a pantomime featuring Harlequin 丑角戏 2  a piece of buffoonery 丑角表演，滑稽表演 [French arlequinade (as HARLEQUIN)]

harlot /ˈhɑ:lət/ n. archaic  a prostitute [古义]妓女，娼妓 □ harlotry  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘lad, knave, vagabond’, from Old French harlot, herlot]

harm /hɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  hurt, damage 伤害，损害 ●v. tr.  cause harm to 使受伤害；危害 □ out of harm's way   in safety 处境安全 [Old English hearm, hearmian, from Germanic]

harmattan /hɑ:ˈmæt(ə)n/ n.  a parching dusty land-wind of the W. African coast occurring from December to February 哈麦丹风(从 12 月至次年 2 月在西非海岸刮的带尘沙的热风) [from Twi (the chief Ghanaian language) haramata]

harmful /ˈhɑ:mfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  causing or likely to cause harm 有害的；致伤的 □ harmfully  adv.  □ harmfulness  n.  

harmless /ˈhɑ:mlis/ adj.  1  not able or likely to cause harm 无害的；不致伤的 2  inoffensive 无恶意的；无辜的 □ harmlessly  adv.  □ harmlessness  n.  

harmonic /hɑ:ˈmɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characterized by harmony; harmonious 和谐的，协调的；融洽的 2 Mus. 【音】  a  of or relating to harmony 和声的b (of a tone) produced by vibration of a string etc. in an exact fraction of its length (音调)泛音的 3 Math.  of or relating to quantities whose reciprocals are in arithmetical progression 【数】调和的  harmonic progression  调和级数 ●n.  1 Mus.  an overtone accompanying at a fixed interval (and forming a note with) a fundamental tone 【音】和音 2 Physics  a component frequency of wave motion 【物理学】谐波；谐音 □ harmonically  adv.   [Latin harmonicus from Greek harmonikos (as HARMONY)]

harmonica /hɑ:ˈmɒnikə/ n.  a small rectangular wind instrument with a row of metal reeds along its length, held against the lips and moved from side to side to produce different notes by blowing or sucking 口琴 [Latin, fem. sing. or neut. pl. of harmonicus: see HARMONIC]

harmonic motion n. (in full 全称 simple harmonic motion)  oscillatory motion under a retarding force proportional to the amount of displacement from an equilibrium position 谐(和)运动，谐波运动

harmonic progression n. (also 亦作 harmonic series) Math.  a series of quantities whose reciprocals are in arithmetical progression 【数】调和级数

harmonious /hɑ:ˈməʊniəs/ adj.  1  sweet-sounding, tuneful 音调和谐的；悦耳的 2  forming a pleasing or consistent whole; concordant 协调的，融洽的；和睦的 3  free from disagreement or dissent 意见一致的；无异议的 □ harmoniously  adv.  □ harmoniousness  n.  

harmonist /ˈhɑ:mənist/ n.  a person skilled in musical harmony, a harmonizer 和声学家；音乐家；协调员；调和人 □ harmonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

harmonium /hɑ:ˈməʊniəm/ n.  a keyboard instrument in which the notes are produced by air driven through metal reeds by bellows operated by the feet 簧风琴；脚踏式风琴(键盘乐器，通过脚控制风箱使空气振动金属簧片而产生音调) [French from Latin (as HARMONY)]

harmonize /ˈhɑ:mənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  add notes to (a melody) to produce harmony (给乐曲)配和声，加和声 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  bring into or be in harmony 使和谐；使协调 3 intr.  make or form a pleasing or consistent whole 使一致 □ harmonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French harmoniser (as HARMONY)]

harmony /ˈhɑ:məni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce chords and chord progressions, esp. as having a pleasing effect 和声b  the study of this 和声学 2  a  an apt or aesthetic arrangement of parts 协调；调和b  the pleasing effect of this 和谐 3  agreement, concord 一致；融洽，和睦 4  a collation of parallel narratives, esp. of the Gospels (尤指《福音书》)对类同叙述的对照统一 □ in harmony   1 (of singing etc.) producing chords; not discordant (指唱歌等)和弦的；和谐的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  in agreement 和谐；一致□ harmony of the spheres   see 见 SPHERE  [Middle English via Old French harmonie and Latin harmonia from Greek harmonia ‘joining, concord’, from harmos ‘joint’]

harness /ˈhɑ:nis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the equipment of straps and fittings by which a horse or other draught animal is fastened to a cart etc. and controlled 马具，挽具 2  a similar arrangement for fastening a thing to a person's body, for restraining a young child, etc. 挽具状背带(用来系在孩子身上，不让孩子乱跑等) ●v. tr.  1  a  put a harness on (esp. a horse) (尤指给马)套上马具b (foll. by 后跟 to)  attach by a harness 系，拴 2  make use of (natural resources) esp. to produce energy 利用(自然资源)产生动力 □ in harness   in the routine of daily work 在日常工作中□ harnesser  n.   [Middle English via Old French harneis ‘military equipment’ from Old Norse, from herr ‘army’ + nest ‘provisions’]

Harold /ˈhærəld/   哈罗德 [人名]

harp /hɑ:p/ n. & v. ●n.  a large upright roughly triangular musical instrument consisting of a frame housing a graduated series of vertical strings, played by plucking with the fingers 竖琴 ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, on about)  talk repeatedly and tediously about 唠叨；反复讲 2  play on a harp 弹竖琴 □ harper  n.  □ harpist  n.   [Old English hearpe, from Germanic]

harpoon /hɑ:ˈpu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a barbed spearlike missile with a rope attached, for catching whales etc. (捕鲸等用的)鱼叉 ●v. tr.  spear with a harpoon 用叉叉鱼 □ harpooner  n.   [French harpon, from harpe ‘clamp’ via Latin harpa from Greek harpē ‘sickle’]

harpoon gun n.  a gun for firing a harpoon (发射鱼叉的)捕鲸炮

harp seal n.  a Greenland seal, Phoca groenlandica, with a harp-shaped dark mark on its back 格陵兰海豹(背部有竖琴状黑色斑纹)

harpsichord /ˈhɑ:psikɔ:d/ n.  a keyboard instrument with horizontal strings which are plucked mechanically 拨弦键琴(用机械拨奏的键盘乐器，弦水平) □ harpsichordist  n.   [obsolete French harpechorde, from Late Latin harpa ‘harp’, + chorda ‘string’, the -s- being unexplained]

harpy /ˈhɑ:pi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in Greek and Roman mythology) a monster with a woman's head and body and bird's wings and claws 哈比(希腊和罗马神话中的鸟身女妖) 2  a grasping unscrupulous person 贪婪无度的人；恶人 [French harpie or Latin harpyia from Greek harpuiai ‘snatchers’]

harpy eagle n.  a S. American crested bird of prey, Harpia harpyja, one of the largest of eagles 大雕(南美有冠的猛禽，是鹰属中最大的之一)

harquebus /ˈhɑ:kwibəs/ n. (also 亦作 arquebus /ˈɑ:k-/) hist.  an early type of portable gun supported on a tripod or on a forked rest [史义] (老式的)火绳枪 [French (h)arquebuse, ultimately from Middle Low German hakebusse or Middle High German hakenbühse, from haken ‘hook’ + busse ‘gun’]

harridan /ˈhærid(ə)n/ n.  a bad-tempered old woman 脾气暴躁的老妇人；凶恶的老妇人 [17th-c. slang, perhaps from French haridelle ‘old horse’]

harrier1 /ˈhæriə/ n.  a person who harries or lays waste 掠夺者；蹂躏者

harrier2 /ˈhæriə/ n.  1  a  a hound used for hunting hares 猎兔犬b (in pl. 用复数)  a pack of these with huntsmen 一群猎兔犬和猎人 2 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. 通常作 Harriers as part of a club's name 用作俱乐部名称的一部分)  cross-country runners as a group or club 越野赛跑队；越野赛跑俱乐部 [HARE + -IER, assimilated to HARRIER1]

harrier3 /ˈhæriə/ n.  any bird of prey of the genus Circus, with long wings for swooping over the ground 鹞(有很长的翅膀，可直扑地面) [harrower from harrow ‘harry, rob’, assimilated to HARRIER1]

Harriet /ˈhæriət/   哈丽雅特 [人名]

Harris tweed /ˈhæris/ n. propr.  a kind of tweed woven by hand in the Outer Hebrides, esp. on the island of Lewis with Harris [商标]海力斯粗花呢(在外赫布里底群岛，尤指刘易斯和哈里斯岛上一种由手工纺织的粗花呢)

harrow /ˈhærəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a heavy frame with iron teeth dragged over ploughed land to break up clods, remove weeds, cover seed, etc. 耙 ●v. tr.  1  draw a harrow over (land) 耙(地) 2 (usu. as 通常作 harrowing adj.)  distress greatly 使痛苦，折磨；使苦恼 □ harrower  n.  □ harrowingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old Norse hervi]

harrumph /həˈrʌmf/ v.  1 intr.  clear the throat or make a similar sound, esp. ostentatiously 清嗓子，发哼声(尤指炫耀时) 2 tr.  say gutturally, esp. expressing disapproval 边清嗓子边说话(尤指表示异议时) [imitative]

Harry /ˈhæri/   哈里 [人名]

harry /ˈhæri/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  ravage or despoil 掠夺；蹂躏；骚扰 2  harass, worry 使烦恼；使焦虑 [Old English herian, hergian from Germanic: related to Old English here ‘army’]

harsh /hɑ:ʃ/ adj.  1  unpleasantly rough or sharp, esp. to the senses 粗糙的；刺目的；刺耳的；刺鼻的 2  severe, cruel 严厉的，苛刻的；残酷的 □ harshen  v. tr. & intr.  □ harshly  adv.  □ harshness  n.   [Middle Low German harsch ‘rough’, literally ‘hairy’, from haer HAIR]

harslet var.  of HASLET  HASLET 的变体

hart /hɑ:t/ n.  the male of the deer (esp. the red deer) usu. over five years old 雄鹿(尤指赤鹿，通常 5 岁以上) [Old English heor(o)t, from Germanic]

hartal /ˈhɑ:tɑ:l, ˈhɜ:tɑ:l/ n.  the closing of shops and offices in India as a mark of protest or sorrow (印度的)联合休业罢工；罢市；停业(以示抗议或哀悼) [Hindustani hartɑˉl, hattɑˉl, from Sanskrit haṭṭa ‘shop’ + tɑˉlaka ‘lock’]

hartebeest /ˈhɑ:tibi:st/ n.  any large African antelope of the genus Alcelaphus, with ringed horns bent back at the tips 非洲大羚羊(羊角环绕，顶端向后弯) [Afrikaans, from Dutch hert HART + beest BEAST]

hartshorn /ˈhɑ:tshɔ:n/ n. archaic [古义]  1  an ammonious substance obtained from the horns of a hart 鹿角精(过去用于治疗头晕或头疼，是一种吸入剂) 2 (in full 全称 spirit of hartshorn)  an aqueous solution of ammonia 氨水溶液 [Old English (as HART, HORN)]

hart's tongue n.  a fern, Phyllitis scolopendrium, with narrow undivided fronds 荷叶蕨

harum-scarum /hɛərəmˈskɛərəm/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  wild and reckless 卤莽的，冒失的；狂妄的 ●n.  such a person 卤莽的人，冒失鬼；狂妄者 [rhyming formation on HARE, SCARE]

haruspex /həˈrʌspeks/ n. (pl. haruspices /-spisi:z/)  a Roman religious official who interpreted omens from the inspection of animals' entrails 肠卜僧(古罗马僧人，以观察动物的内脏占卜凶吉) [Latin]

Harvard classification /ˈhɑ:vəd/ n. Astron.  a system of classification of stars based on their spectral types, the chief classes (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) forming a series from very hot bluish-white stars to cool dull red stars 【天】哈佛天星分类制 [named after the observatory at Harvard, Massachusetts, where it was devised]

harvest /ˈhɑ:vist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the process of gathering in crops etc. 收割，收获b  the season when this takes place 收割的季节，收获的季节 2  the season's yield or crop 收获量 3  the product or result of any action 成果；结果 ●v. tr.  1  gather as a harvest, reap 收割，收获 2  experience (consequences) 获得；体验(结果) □ harvestable  adj.   [Old English hœrfest, from Germanic]

harvester /ˈhɑ:vistə/ n.  1  a reaper 收割者，收获者 2  a reaping machine, esp. with sheaf-binding 收割机

harvest festival n.  a thanksgiving festival for the harvest, esp. Brit. a church service 收获节，[尤英]收获感恩礼拜

harvest home n.  the close of harvesting or the festival to mark this 收获结束；(表明收获结束的)收获节

harvestman /ˈhɑ:vis(t)mən/ n. (pl. -men)  any of various arachnids of the order Opiliones, with very long thin legs, found in humus and on tree trunks 盲蜘蛛(腿细长，生长在腐殖质和树干上)

harvest mite n.  any of various mites or their biting larvae common at harvest time, esp. (in the British Isles) Trombicula autumnalis (cf. 参见 CHIGGER 2) (尤指不列颠群岛上的)秋恙螨

harvest moon n.  the full moon nearest to the autumn equinox 中秋的圆月，满月

harvest mouse n.  a small mouse, Micromys minutus, with a prehensile tail, that nests in the stalks of growing grain 巢鼠(一种小老鼠，尾巴可以抓住东西，筑巢于未长成的谷物杆间)

has 3rd sing. present  of HAVE  

has-been /ˈhæzbi:n/ n. colloq.  a person or thing that has lost a former importance, popularity, or usefulness [口]过时的人；过时的物

hash1 /hæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dish of cooked meat cut into small pieces and recooked, usu. with potatoes 回锅肉末土豆泥 2  a  a mixture; a jumble 混合；混杂b  a mess 一团糟 3  reused or recycled material 再利用的材料 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  make (meat etc.) into a hash 把(肉)切碎 2  recycle (old material) 再利用 □ make a hash of  colloq.  make a mess of; bungle [口]搞得一团糟；做砸(某事)□ settle a person's hash  colloq.  deal with and subdue a person [口]制服某人；使人服帖 [French hacher from hache HATCHET]

hash2 /hæʃ/ n. colloq.  hashish [口]大麻麻药，大麻麻醉品(或麻醉剂) [abbreviation]

hash3 /hæʃ/ n. (also 亦作 hash sign)  the symbol # 符号 #

hash browns n. pl. esp. N. Amer.  a dish made of chopped cooked potatoes and onions, fried until brown [尤北美]土豆煎饼(熟土豆丁拌碎洋葱，油煎成焦黄)

hashish /ˈhæʃi:ʃ, -ʃiʃ, hæˈʃi:ʃ/ n.  a resinous product of the top leaves and tender parts of hemp, smoked or chewed for its narcotic effects 大麻麻醉剂，麻醉品 [Arabic hašīš ‘dry herb, powdered hemp leaves’]

Hasid /ˈhæsid/ n. (pl. Hasidim)  a member of any of several mystical Jewish sects, esp. one founded in the 18th c. (犹太教)哈西德派教徒 □ Hasidic  /-ˈsidik/ adj.   [Hebrew hasîd ‘pious’]

haslet /ˈheizlit, ˈhæzlit/ n. (also 亦作 harslet /ˈhɑ:-/)  pieces of (esp. pig's) offal cooked together and usu. compressed into a meat loaf (尤指猪的)内脏做成的食品；肚杂 [Middle English via Old French hastelet, diminutive of haste ‘roast meat, spit’, from Old Low German, Old High German harst ‘roast’]

hasn't /ˈhæz(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  has not 

hasp /hɑ:sp/ n. & v. ●n.  a hinged metal clasp that fits over a staple and can be secured by a padlock 搭扣 ●v. tr.  fasten with a hasp 用搭扣扣上 [Old English hœpse, hœsp]

hassle /ˈhæs(ə)l/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a prolonged trouble or inconvenience 麻烦；不便 2  an argument or involved struggle 争吵；争斗 ●v.  1 tr.  harass, annoy; cause trouble to 使困扰，使烦恼；引起麻烦 2 intr.  argue, quarrel 争辩；争吵 [20th c.: originally dialect]

hassock /ˈhæsək/ n.  1  a thick firm cushion for kneeling on, esp. in church (尤指教堂的)跪垫 2  a tuft of matted grass etc. 草丛 [Old English hassuc]

hast /hæst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of HAVE 

hastate /ˈhæsteit/ adj. Bot.  triangular like the head of a spear 【植】戟形的，戟状的 [Latin hastatus from hasta ‘spear’]

haste /heist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  urgency of movement or action 匆忙；急忙 2  excessive hurry 急速 ●v. intr. archaic [古义]  = HASTEN  □ in haste   quickly, hurriedly 急速地，快速地□ make haste   hurry; be quick 匆忙；赶快 [Middle English from Old French haste, haster, from West Germanic]

hasten /ˈheis(ə)n/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  make haste; hurry 赶快；匆忙 2 tr.  cause to occur or be ready or be done sooner 催促，使加快

hasty /ˈheisti/ adj. (hastier, hastiest)  1  hurried; acting too quickly or hurriedly 急速的；匆忙的 2  said, made, or done too quickly or too soon; rash, unconsidered 轻率的，草率的 3  quick-tempered 性急的 □ hastily  adv.  □ hastiness  n.   [Middle English from Old French hasti, hastif (as HASTE, -IVE)]

hat /hæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covering for the head, often with a brim and worn out of doors (常指户外戴的有檐的)帽子 2 colloq.  a person's occupation or capacity, esp. one of several [口] (尤指几个中的一个)地位，身份，职务  wearing his managerial hat  当经理 ●v. tr. (hatted, hatting)  cover or provide with a hat 戴帽子 □ hats off  (as 作 int.; foll. by 后跟 to)  expressing admiration or appreciation 脱帽(表示尊敬、钦慕)□ keep it under one's hat  colloq.  keep it secret [口]保守秘密□ out of a hat   by random selection 随意选择□ pass the hat (or Brit. [英] the hat round)   collect contributions of money 募捐□ take off one's hat to  colloq.  acknowledge admiration for [口] (脱帽)致敬，致意□ throw one's hat in the ring   take up a challenge 接受挑战□ hatful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ hatless  adj.   [Old English hœtt, from Germanic]

hatband /ˈhætbænd/ n.  a band of ribbon etc. round a hat above the brim (帽沿上的)帽圈绸带

hatbox /ˈhætbɒks/ n.  a box to hold a hat, esp. for travelling (尤指旅行中使用的)帽盒

hatch1 /hætʃ/ n.  1  an opening between two rooms, e.g. between a kitchen and a dining room for serving food (两个房间之间的，如厨房和饭厅间递菜的)开口，小窗口 2  an opening or door in an aircraft, spacecraft, etc. (飞机等的)舱门 3 Naut. 【海】  a  = HATCHWAY b  a trapdoor or cover for this 舱门 often in pl. 常用复数 : batten the hatches  封舱 4  a floodgate 水门，水闸 □ down the hatch  colloq. (as a drinking toast) drink up, cheers! [口] (祝酒词)干杯！ □ under hatches   1  below deck 在甲板下 2  a  down out of sight 被禁闭的b  brought low; dead 被贬低的；死亡的 [Old English hœcc, from Germanic]

hatch2 /hætʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 out) (of a young bird or fish etc.) emerge from the egg (指小鸟或鱼)破壳而出；孵出b (of an egg) produce a young animal (指卵或蛋)孵化 2 tr.  incubate (an egg) 孵卵 3 tr. (also foll. by 亦后跟 up)  devise (a plot etc.) 策划(阴谋等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of hatching 孵卵，孵化 2  a brood hatched 幼雏 [Middle English hacche, of unknown origin]

hatch3 /hætʃ/ v. tr.  mark (a surface, e.g. a map or drawing, or road surface at a junction) with close parallel lines (在平面上，例如地图、绘画、道路交叉处)以影线标注，加上影线 [Middle English from French hacher, from hache HATCHET]

hatchback /ˈhætʃbæk/ n.  a car with a sloping back hinged at the top to form a door 仓门式后背车身小汽车

hatchery /ˈhætʃəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place for hatching eggs, esp. of fish or poultry (尤指鱼或禽类)孵化处

hatchet /ˈhætʃit/ n.  a light short-handled axe 斧头，手斧 [Middle English via Old French hachette, diminutive of hache ‘axe’, from medieval Latin hapia, from Germanic]

hatchet-faced adj. colloq.  sharp-featured or grim-looking [口]棱角分明的面孔；消瘦的面孔

hatchet job n. colloq.  a fierce verbal attack on a person, esp. in print [口] (尤指书面的)恶毒攻击，诽谤

hatchet man n. colloq. [口]  1  a hired killer 受雇杀人的凶手；职业杀手 2  a person employed to carry out a hatchet job 受雇诽谤(他人)的人

hatching /ˈhætʃiŋ/ n.  close parallel lines forming shading, esp. on a map or an architectural drawing, or on a road surface at a junction (尤指地图、建筑图、路面交叉点上的)影线；阴影

hatchling /ˈhætʃliŋ/ n.  a bird or fish that has just hatched 雏鸟；小鱼

hatchment /ˈhætʃm(ə)nt/ n.  a large usu. diamond-shaped tablet with a deceased person's armorial bearings, affixed to that person's house, tomb, etc. (挂在死者家中、坟墓上等的)死者菱形纹章 [contraction of ACHIEVEMENT]

hatchway /ˈhætʃwei/ n.  an opening in a ship's deck for lowering cargo into the hold (船的)舱口

hate /heit/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  feel hatred or intense dislike towards 痛恨，憎恶 2  a  dislike 不喜欢b (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun or to + infin.)  be reluctant (to do something) 不愿(做某事)  I hate to disturb you  我不想打扰你 ●n.  1  hatred 痛恨，憎恶 2 colloq.  a hated person or thing (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 pet hate 被憎恶之物) [口]仇恨的对象 □ hatable  adj. (also 亦作 hateable)  □ hater  n.   [Old English hatian, from Germanic]

hateful /ˈheitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  arousing hatred 可恨的，可恶的 □ hatefully  adv.  □ hatefulness  n.  

hate mail n.  usu. anonymous letters of hostility towards the recipient (通常为有敌意的)匿名信

hath /hæθ/ archaic [古义] 3rd sing. present  of HAVE 

hatha yoga /hʌtə ˈjəʊɡə, hæθə/ n.  a system of physical exercises and breathing control used in yoga 瑜伽气功 [Sanskrit hatha ‘force’: see YOGA]

hatpin /ˈhætpin/ n.  a long pin, often decorative, for securing a hat to the hair 帽针(将帽子别在头发上的装饰性的长针)

hatred /ˈheitrid/ n.  intense dislike or ill will 厌恶；憎恨，仇恨 [Middle English, from HATE + -red from Old English rden ‘condition’]

hatstand /ˈhætstænd/ n.  a stand with hooks on which to hang hats 帽架

hatter /ˈhætə/ n.  a maker or seller of hats 帽子制造商，帽商

hat-trick n.  1 Cricket  the taking of three wickets by the same bowler with three successive balls 【板球】同一投手连续三次击中三柱门 2  a  the scoring of three goals, points, etc. in other sports by one player or team (其他体育项目中运动员或运动队)进三球；得三分；帽子戏法b  three successes 三连胜

hauberk /ˈhɔ:bɜ:k/ n. hist.  a coat of mail [史义]锁子铠甲 [Middle English via Old French hau(s)berc from Frankish, = neck protection, from hals ‘neck’ + berg- from beorg ‘protection’]

haughty /ˈhɔ:ti/ adj. (haughtier, haughtiest)  arrogantly self-admiring and disdainful 骄傲的，高傲的，傲慢的 □ haughtily  adv.  □ haughtiness  n.   [extension of haught (adj.), earlier haut, via Old French haut from Latin altus ‘high’]

haul /hɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  pull or drag forcibly 拖，拉 2 tr.  transport by lorry, cart, etc. 托运 3 intr.  turn a ship's course 改变航向 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq.  bring for reprimand or trial [口]拘捕；传讯 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of hauling 拖，拉 2  an amount gained or acquired 获得的数量 3  a distance to be traversed 托运的距离  a short haul  近距离拖运 □ haul over the coals   see 见 COAL  [variant of HALE2]

haulage /ˈhɔ:lidʒ/ n.  1  the commercial transport of goods 货物运输 2  a charge for this 运费

hauler /ˈhɔ:lə/ n.  1  a person or thing that hauls 拖拉者；绞车；矿车 2  = HAULIER 

haulier /ˈhɔ:liə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a miner who takes coal from the face to the bottom of the shaft 运煤工 2  a person or firm engaged in the transport of goods 货物运输人；货物运输公司

haulm /hɔ:m/ n. (also 亦作 halm)  1  a stalk or stem 茎，杆 2  the stalks or stems collectively of peas, beans, potatoes, etc., without the pods etc. (脱粒后豌豆、豆子、土豆等作物的)茎 [Old English h(e)alm, from Germanic]

haunch /hɔ:n(t)ʃ/ n.  1  the fleshy part of the buttock with the thigh, esp. in animals (尤指动物的)腰腿 2  the leg and loin of a deer etc. as food (鹿等的可供食用的)腰腿肉 3  the side of an arch between the crown and the pier 拱腋(拱顶和拱墩之间的部分) [Middle English from Old French hanche, of Germanic origin: cf. Low German hanke ‘hind leg of a horse’]

haunt /hɔ:nt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (of a ghost) visit (a place) regularly, usu. giving signs of its presence (指鬼魂)出没b (as 作 haunted adj.)  frequented by a ghost 鬼魂出没的；闹鬼的 2 tr. (of a person or animal) frequent or be persistently in (a place) (人或动物)常到，常去 3 tr. (of a memory etc.) be persistently in the mind of (记忆等)萦绕心头 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with, in)  stay habitually 经常逗留 ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a place frequented by a person 常去的地方 2  a place frequented by animals, esp. for food and drink (动物的)生息地，出没处 □ haunter  n.   [Middle English from Old French hanter, from Germanic]

haunting /ˈhɔ:ntiŋ/ adj. (of a memory, melody, etc.) poignant, wistful, evocative (记忆、音乐等)给人以强烈感受的；不易忘怀的；萦绕心头的 □ hauntingly  adv.  

Hausa /ˈhaʊsə/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Hausas)  1  a member of a people of W. Africa and Sudan (西非和苏丹的)豪萨族人 2  the Hamitic language of this people, widely used in W. Africa (在西非广泛使用的)豪萨语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 豪萨族人的；豪萨语的 [native name]

hausfrau /ˈhaʊsfraʊ/ n.  a German housewife 德国家庭妇女 [German, from Haus ‘house’ + Frau ‘woman’]

hautboy /ˈ(h)əʊbɔi/ archaic [古义] var.  of OBOE OBOE 的变体

haute couture /əʊt kʊˈtjʊə/ n.  high fashion; the leading fashion houses or their products 时尚款式；最著名的高级时装店；高级时装 [French, literally ‘high dressmaking’]

haute cuisine /əʊt kwiˈzi:n/ n.  cookery of a high standard, esp. of the French traditional school (尤指法式)高级烹饪术 [French, literally ‘high cookery’]

hauteur /əʊˈtɜ:/ n.  haughtiness of manner 傲慢；自大 [French from haut ‘high’]

haute école /əʊt eiˈkɒl, 法 ot ekɔl/ n.  the art or practice of advanced classical dressage 高级花式骑术 [French, literally ‘high school’]

haut monde /əʊ ˈmɒnd, 法 o mɔ˜d/ n.  fashionable society 上流社会 [French, literally ‘high world’]

haut-relief /əʊriˈli:f/ n. Sculpture 【雕刻术】  1  = high relief (see 见 RELIEF 6a)  2  a sculpture, carving, etc. in high relief 凸雕上的雕刻(或花纹等) [French, = high relief; cf. BAS-RELIEF]

Havana /həˈvænə/ n.  a cigar made at Havana or elsewhere in Cuba 哈瓦那雪茄(产于哈瓦那或古巴其他地方)

have /hæv/ v. & n. ●v. (3rd sing. present has /hæz, hæs/; past and past part. had /hæd/)   ●v. tr.  1  hold in possession as one's property or at one's disposal; be provided with 具有，拥有  has a car  有辆车 had no time to read  没时间读书 has nothing to wear  没衣服穿 2  hold in a certain relationship 有某种关系  has a sister  有一个妹妹 had no equals  没人能比 3  contain as a part or quality 含有  house has two floors  房子有两层 has green eyes  长着绿色的眼睛 4  a  undergo, experience, enjoy, suffer 经历；享受  had a good time  玩得开心 had a shock  吃了一惊 has a headache  患头痛b  be subjected to a specified state 遭受  had my car stolen  我的车被盗了 the book has a page missing  书少了一页c  cause, instruct, or invite (a person or thing) to be in a particular state or take a particular action 使得；指示；邀请  had him dismissed  辞退他 had us worried  使我们着急 had my hair cut  我理发了 had a copy made  复制 had them to stay  请他们留下来 5  a  engage in (an activity) 参与；从事  had an argument  吵了一场 had sex  发生性关系b  hold (a meeting, party, etc.) 召开(会议、晚会等) 6  eat or drink 吃或喝  had a beer  喝啤酒 7 (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  accept or tolerate; permit to 接受；忍受；允许  I won't have it  我不接受 will not have you say such things  不允许你说这种话 8  a  let (a feeling etc.) be present 显示(感情等)  have no doubt  不怀疑 has a lot of sympathy for me  非常同情我 have nothing against them  不反对他们b  show or feel (mercy, pity, etc.) towards another person 表示(同情、遗憾等)  have pity on him  对他表示同情 have mercy!  有点同情心吧！c (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  show by action that one is influenced by (a feeling, quality, etc.) (用行动)表示(受感情、个性的影响)  have the goodness to leave now  赶快走吧 9  a  give birth to (offspring) 生产；生b  conceive mentally (an idea etc.) 怀有(想法等) 10  receive, obtain 收到；得到  had a letter from him  收到他的一封信 not a ticket to be had  一张票也没了 11  be burdened with or committed to 承担  has a job to do  有工作做 have my garden to attend to  要整理我的花园 12  a  have obtained (a qualification) 获得(资格)  has six O levels  得到 6 个 O 级(普通程度)b  know (a language) 懂得(一门语言)  has no Latin  不懂拉丁语 13 colloq. [口]  a  get the better of 打败  I had him there  我打败他了b (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  cheat, deceive 欺骗  you were had  你受骗了 14 coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 ●v. aux.  with past part. or ellipt., to form the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses, and the conditional mood 与过去分词连用，或作省略用语，构成完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时或条件语气  have worked  工作了 had seen  看见了 will have been  将会 had I known, I would have gone  如果我知道，我就走了 have you met her? yes, I have  你见到她了吗？见到了 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a person who has wealth or resources [口]有钱人 2 Brit. slang  a swindle [英] [俚语]行骗者，骗子 □ had best   see 见 BEST □ had better   would find it prudent to 最好□ had rather   see 见 RATHER □ have a care   see 见 CARE □ have done, have done with   see 见 DONE □ have an eye for, have eyes for, have an eye to   see 见 EYE □ have a good mind to   see 见 MIND □ have got to  colloq. [口]  = have to □ have had it  colloq. [口]  1  have missed one's chance 失去机会 2  have passed one's prime 过了最佳时期 3  have been killed, defeated, etc. 被打败了；失败了□ have it   1 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  express the view that 认为；说 2  win a decision in a vote etc. (在选举中)获胜 3  have found the answer etc. 找到答案；想到办法□ have it away (or off)  Brit. coarse slang  have sexual intercourse [英] [粗俗俚语]性交□ have it both ways   see 见 BOTH □ have it in for  colloq.  be hostile or ill-disposed towards [口]对…不友好；怀恨□ have it out  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) colloq.  attempt to settle a dispute by discussion or argument [口]试图通过讨论或争论解决纠纷□ have it one's own way   see 见 WAY □ have nothing to do with   see 见 DO1 □ have on   1  be wearing (clothes) 穿着 2  be committed to (an engagement) 已安排，正从事 3 Brit. colloq.  tease; play a trick on [英口]戏弄；捉弄；欺骗□ have one too many   see 见 MANY □ have out   get (a tooth etc.) extracted 拔(牙等)  had her tonsils out  她割了扁桃腺□ have something (or nothing) on a person   1  know something (or nothing) discreditable or incriminating about a person (没)有(某人的)犯罪证据 2  have an (or no) advantage or superiority over a person 比某人(没)有优势□ have to   be obliged to, must 不得不；必须□ have to do with   see 见 DO1 □ have up  Brit. colloq.  bring (a person) before a court of justice, interviewer, etc. [英口]使接受审判；召见 [Old English habban from Germanic, probably related to HEAVE]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at OF. 见 OF 的用法说明。 

haven /ˈheiv(ə)n/ n.  1  a harbour or port 港口 2  a place of refuge 避难所 [Old English hœfen from Old Norse höfn]

have-not n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a person lacking wealth or resources [口]穷人

haven't /ˈhæv(ə)nt/ contr. [缩略]  have not 

haver /ˈheivə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. Brit. [英]  1  talk foolishly; babble 胡言乱语；喋喋不休地说 2  vacillate, hesitate 犹豫不决 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Sc.  foolish talk; nonsense [苏格兰]胡说八道；废话 [18th c.: origin unknown]

haversack /ˈhævəsæk/ n.  a stout bag for provisions etc., carried on the back or over the shoulder 干粮袋 [French havresac from German Habersack, from Haber ‘oats’ + Sack SACK1]

haversine /ˈhævəsain/ n. (also 亦作 haversin) Math.  half of a versed sine 【数】半正矢 [contraction of half versed sine]

havildar /ˈhævildɑ:/ n.  an Indian NCO corresponding to an army sergeant 印度军士 [Urdu hawildɑˉr from Persian hawɑˉldɑˉr ‘trust-holder’]

havoc /ˈhævək/ n. & v. ●n.  widespread destruction; great confusion or disorder 大破坏；浩劫；大混乱 ●v. tr. (havocked, havocking)  devastate 毁坏，严重破坏 □ play havoc with  colloq.  cause great confusion or difficulty to [口]造成巨大混乱(或困难) [Middle English via Anglo-French havok from Old French havo(t), of unknown origin]

haw1 /hɔ:/ n.  1  the fruit of the hawthorn 山楂 2  = HAWTHORN  [Old English haga from Germanic: related to HEDGE]

haw2 /hɔ:/ n.  the nictitating membrane of a horse, dog, etc., esp. when inflamed (马，狗等发炎的)瞬膜 [Middle English: origin unknown]

haw3 /hɔ:/ int. & v. ●int.  expressing hesitation 呃(表示犹豫) ●v. intr. (in 用于 hum and haw)  see 见 HUM1  [imitative: cf. HA1]

Hawaiian /həˈwaiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Hawaii, an island or island group in the N. Pacific 夏威夷人b  a person of Hawaiian descent 夏威夷后裔 2  the Austronesian language of Hawaii 夏威夷语 ●adj.  of or relating to Hawaii or its people or language 夏威夷的；夏威夷人的；夏威夷语的

hawfinch /ˈhɔ:fin(t)ʃ/ n.  any large stout finch of the genus Coccothraustes, with a heavy beak for cracking seeds 锡嘴雀(大而肥的燕雀，长有长喙，可以啄种子) [HAW1 + FINCH]

hawk1 /hɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various diurnal birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, having a characteristic curved beak, rounded short wings, and a long tail 鹰，隼 2 Polit.  a person who advocates an aggressive or warlike policy, esp. in foreign affairs 【政】鹰派成员；强硬派；主战派 3  a rapacious person 掠夺者 ●v.  1 intr.  hunt game with a hawk 带鹰行猎 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) & tr.  attack, as a hawk does (像鹰一样)袭击；扑击 3 intr. (of a bird) hunt on the wing for food (指鸟)飞捕，捕捉(食物) □ hawkish  adj.  □ hawkishness  n.  □ hawklike  adj.   [Old English h(e)afoc, hœbuc, from Germanic]

hawk2 /hɔ:k/ v. tr.  1  carry about or offer around (goods) for sale 叫卖；兜售 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  relate (news, gossip, etc.) freely 散布；传播(消息、流言等) [back-formation from HAWKER1]

hawk3 /hɔ:k/ v.  1 intr.  clear the throat noisily 大声清嗓子 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  bring (phlegm etc.) up from the throat (将痰)咳出 [probably imitative]

hawk4 /hɔ:k/ n.  a plasterer's square board with a handle underneath for carrying plaster or mortar 镘灰板，灰泥托板 [Middle English: origin unknown]

hawkbit /ˈhɔ:kbit/ n.  a plant of the genus Leontodon (daisy family) with yellow florets and rosettes of leaves 蒲公英(雏菊科，开黄花，莲座叶丛) [HAWK1 + DEVIL'S BIT]

hawker1 /ˈhɔ:kə/ n.  a person who travels about selling goods 叫卖的小贩 [16th c.: probably from Low German or Dutch and related to HUCKSTER]

hawker2 /ˈhɔ:kə/ n.  a falconer 养鹰者；放鹰行猎者 [Old English hafocere]

hawk-eyed adj.  keen-sighted 目光锐利的

hawkmoth /ˈhɔ:kmɒθ/ n.  any large darting and hovering moth of the family Sphingidae, having narrow forewings and a stout body 天蛾(有窄小的前翅和短粗的腹部)

hawk-nosed adj.  having an aquiline nose 长着鹰钩鼻子的

hawksbill /ˈhɔ:ksbil/ n. (in full 全称 hawksbill turtle)  a small tropical turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, with hooked jaws 玳瑁(一种小的热带龟，钩形颌)

hawkweed /ˈhɔ:kwi:d/ n.  any plant of the genus Hieracium (daisy family), with yellow flowers 山柳菊属植物(开黄花)

hawse /hɔ:z/ n.  1  the part of a ship's bows in which hawse-holes or hawse-pipes are placed (船上)锚链孔所在的艏部 2  the space between the head of an anchored vessel and the anchors 艏锚水平距离 3  the arrangement of cables when a ship is moored with port and starboard forward anchors 抛艏双锚状态 [Middle English halse, probably from Old Norse hɑˊls ‘neck, ship's bow’]

hawse-hole n.  a hole in the side of a ship through which a cable or anchor-rope passes 锚链孔

hawse-pipe n.  a metal pipe lining a hawse-hole 锚链筒

hawser /ˈhɔ:zə/ n. Naut.  a thick rope or cable for mooring or towing a ship 【海】锚链；揽索 [Middle English via Anglo-French haucer, hauceour from Old French haucier ‘hoist’, ultimately from Latin altus ‘high’]

hawthorn /ˈhɔ:θɔ:n/ n.  any thorny shrub or tree of the genus Crataegus (rose family), esp. C. monogyna, with white, red, or pink blossom and small dark red fruit or haws Also called 亦称作 may, quickthorn, whitethorn 山楂(蔷薇属，开白色、红色或粉色花，结深红色山楂果) [Old English hagathorn (as HAW1, THORN)]

hay1 /hei/ n. & v. ●n.  grass mown and dried for fodder (作饲料的)干草 ●v.  1 intr.  make hay 制备草料 2 tr.  put (land) under grass for hay 将(土)放置草下制干草用 3 tr.  make into hay 制成干草 □ hit the hay  colloq.  go to bed [口]上床睡觉□ make hay of   throw into confusion 扰乱，使混乱□ make hay (while the sun shines)   seize opportunities for profit or enjoyment 抓紧时机；勿失良机 [Old English hēg, hīeg, hīg, from Germanic]

hay2 /hei/ n. (also 亦作 hey)  1  a country dance with interweaving steps 圆圈舞(一种乡村舞蹈) 2  a figure in this 圆圈舞步型 [obsolete French haie]

haybox /ˈheibɒks/ n.  a box stuffed with hay, in which heated food is left to continue cooking 干草暖箱(干草填充的箱子，食物加热后放置其中以便焖熟)

haycock /ˈheikɒk/ n.  a conical heap of hay in a field 圆锥形的干草堆

hay fever n.  an allergy with catarrhal and other asthmatic symptoms, caused by pollen or dust 花粉热；干草热

hayfield /ˈheifi:ld/ n.  a field where hay is being or is to be made 青草地(种植制干饲草所用草)

hayloft /ˈheilɒft/ n.  = LOFTn. 2 

haymaker /ˈheimeikə/ n.  1  a person who tosses and spreads hay to dry after mowing 翻晒干草的人 2  an apparatus for shaking and drying hay 干草机 3 slang  a forceful blow or punch [俚语]一拳猛击 □ haymaking  n.  

haymow /ˈheiməʊ/ n.  hay stored in a stack or barn 干草堆；(置于谷仓的)干草

hayrick /ˈheirik/ n.  = HAYSTACK 

hayseed /ˈheisi:d/ n.  1  grass seed obtained from hay 干草籽 2 N. Amer., Austral. & NZ colloq.  a rustic or yokel [北美澳新] [口]乡下佬

haystack /ˈheistæk/ n.  a packed pile of hay with a pointed or ridged top 干草堆

haywire /ˈheiwaiə/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  badly disorganized, out of control 混乱的，无序的，失控的 2 (of a person) crazy, erratic (指人)疯狂的；反常的，古怪的 [HAY1 + WIRE, from the use of hay-baling wire in makeshift repairs]

hazard /ˈhæzəd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a danger or risk 危险；冒险 2  a source of this 危险物；危险源 3  chance 机会；偶然事件 4  a dice game with a complicated arrangement of chances 掷骰子游戏 5 Golf  an obstruction in playing a shot, e.g. a bunker, water, etc. 【高尔夫球】障碍地带(如沙坑、水洼等) 6 (in real tennis) each of the winning openings in a court (网球赛中)可得分的开球 ●v. tr.  1  venture on 尝试；斗胆提出  hazard a guess  试作一猜，蒙一下 2  run the risk of 冒险做；冒险一试 3  expose to hazard 面临危险 [Middle English via Old French hasard and Spanish azar from Arabic az-zahr ‘chance, luck’]

hazard light n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (also 亦作 hazard warning light)  a flashing light warning that a vehicle is stationary or unexpectedly slowing or reversing, usu. each of the direction indicators used simultaneously 危险标灯(停车、慢车或倒车指示灯)

hazardous /ˈhæzədəs/ adj.  1  risky, dangerous 冒险的；危险的 2  dependent on chance 靠运气的 □ hazardously  adv.  □ hazardousness  n.   [French hasardeux (as HAZARD)]

hazard pay n. US [美]  = DANGER MONEY 

haze1 /heiz/ n.  1  obscuration of the atmosphere near the earth by fine particles of water, smoke, or dust 霭，雾 2  mental obscurity or confusion (头脑)糊涂；疑惑 [probably a back-formation from HAZY]

haze2 /heiz/ v. tr.  1 Naut.  harass with overwork 【海】罚作苦力 2 US  bully; seek to disconcert [美]欺辱；戏弄 [origin uncertain: cf. obsolete French haser ‘tease, insult’]

Hazel /ˈheizl/   黑兹尔 [人名]

hazel /ˈheiz(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, esp. C. avellana bearing round brown edible nuts 榛树(结褐色圆坚果，可食) 2  a  wood from the hazel 榛木b  a stick made of this 榛木棍；榛木手杖 3  a reddish-brown or greenish-brown colour (esp. of the eyes) (尤指眼睛)淡褐色 ●adj. (esp. of the eyes) of a reddish- or greenish-brown colour (尤指眼睛)淡褐色的 [Old English hœsel, from Germanic]

hazel-grouse n.  a woodland grouse, Tetrastes bonasia 花尾榛鸡

hazelnut /ˈheiz(ə)lnʌt/ n.  the fruit of the hazel, a round brown hard-shelled nut 榛果

hazy /ˈheizi/ adj. (hazier, haziest)  1  misty 雾蒙蒙的；有雾的 2  vague, indistinct 朦胧的；模糊的 3  confused, uncertain 混乱的；不确定的 □ hazily  adv.  □ haziness  n.   [17th c. in nautical use: origin unknown]

HB abbr.  hard black (pencil lead) [缩略] (铅笔心)硬黑

Hb symb. [符]  haemoglobin 

HBM abbr.  Her or His Britannic Majesty (or Majesty's) [缩略]英女王(英王)陛下

H-bomb /ˈeitʃbɒm/ n.  = HYDROGEN BOMB  [H3 + BOMB]

h. & c. abbr. Brit.  hot and cold (water) [缩略] [英]热(水)和冷(水)

HC abbr. [缩略]  1  Holy Communion  2 (in the UK) House of Commons 

h.c. abbr. [缩略] honoris causa  

HCF abbr. [缩略]  1  highest common factor  2 (in the UK) Honorary Chaplain to the Forces (英国)荣誉随军牧师

HCFC abbr.  hydrochlorofluorocarbon (similar to CFC but thought to be less harmful to the ozone layer) [缩略]氢氯氟烃，氢化含氯氟烃

HDTV abbr.  high-definition television [缩略]高清晰度电视

HE abbr. [缩略]  1  His or Her Excellency 阁下 2  His Eminence 主教阁下 3  high explosive 

He symb. Chem.  the element helium [符]【化】(化学元素)氦

he /hi:/ pron. & n. ●pron. (obj. him /him/; poss. his /hiz/; pl. they /ðei/)  1  the man or boy or male animal previously named or in question 他；它(指雄性动物) 2  a person etc. of unspecified sex, esp. referring to one already named or identified (不论性别的)人  if anyone comes he will have to wait  如果有人来，他得等着 ●n.  1  a male; a man 男人，男子 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  male 雄性  he-goat  雄性山羊 3 Brit.  a children's chasing game, with the chaser designated ‘he’ [英]儿童的追逐游戏 [Old English from Germanic]

head /hed/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the upper part of the human body, or the foremost or upper part of an animal's body, containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs 头，头部；首 2  a  the head regarded as the seat of intellect or repository of comprehended information 头脑；才能b  intelligence; imagination 智慧，想像力  use your head  动动脑筋c  mental aptitude or tolerance 才智，能力 usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for: a good head for business  有生意头脑 no head for heights  攀高时会头晕 3 colloq.  a headache, esp. resulting from a blow or from intoxication [口]头痛(尤指被打或醉酒后) 4  a thing like a head in form or position, esp. 顶部；前端，尤指 :a  the operative part of a tool 工具的操纵部分b  the flattened top of a nail 图钉头c  the ornamented top of a pillar 柱子顶部有装饰的部分d  a mass of leaves or flowers at the top of a stem 茎杆顶部的叶子或花e  the flat end of a drum 鼓面f  the foam on top of a glass of beer etc. 杯中啤酒的泡沫g  the upper horizontal part of a window frame, door frame, etc. (窗框、门框等的)上顶部 5  life when regarded as vulnerable (脆弱的)生命  it cost him his head  这要了他的命 6  a  a person in charge; a director or leader (esp. Brit. the principal teacher at a school or college [尤英]校长) 负责人；首长或领导b  a position of leadership or command 领导地位 7  the front or forward part of something, e.g. a queue (尤指队伍的)正面或前面 8  the upper end of something, e.g. a table or bed 上面(如桌面或床面) 9  the top or highest part of something, e.g. a page, stairs, etc. (如纸、楼梯等的)顶端，上部 10  a person or individual regarded as a numerical unit 个人，人  £ 10 per head  一人 10 英镑 11 (pl. same 单复同)  a  an individual animal as a unit 匹，头b (treated as pl. 看作复数)  a number of cattle or game as specified 牛或其他动物的头数  20 head  20 头 12  a  the side of a coin bearing the image of a head 硬币的正面(带有头像的一面)b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  this side as a choice when tossing a coin (抛硬币作选择时选用的)正面 13  a  the source of a river or stream etc. (河流，溪流的)源头b  the end of a lake, bay, etc., at which a river enters (湖泊或河湾的)入口 14  the height or length of a head as a measure 一头高或一头长 15  the component of a machine that is in contact with or very close to what is being processed or worked on, esp. 机器靠近作用物的部分，尤指 :a  the component on a tape recorder that touches the moving tape in play and converts the signals (录音机的)磁头b  the part of a record player that holds the playing cartridge and stylus (电唱机的)唱针c  = PRINTHEAD  16  a  a confined body of water or steam in an engine etc. 发动机的水箱b  the pressure exerted by this 蓄水的压力 17  a promontory (esp. in place names 尤用于地名 : Beachy Head 比奇角) 海角，岬 18 Naut. 【海】  a  the bows of a ship 船首b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a ship's latrine 船上的厕所 19  a main topic or category for consideration or discussion 主题，要旨 20 Journalism 【新闻学】  = HEADLINEn. 1  21  a culmination, climax, or crisis 顶点，高峰；关键时刻 22  the fully developed top of a boil etc. (疮等的)脓头 23 slang  a habitual taker of drugs; a drug addict [俚语]毒品吸食者；瘾君子 ●attrib. adj.  chief or principal 首席的，负责的  head gardener  园丁头 head office  总部 ●v.  1 tr.  be at the head or front of 位于…前头(部) 2 tr.  be in charge of 领导，负责  headed a small team  领导一个小组 3 tr.  a  provide with a head or heading 加标题b (of an inscription, title, etc.) be at the top of, serve as a heading for (指题字，标题等)在…顶部；给…加标题 4  a intr.  face or move in a specified direction or towards a specified result 面临，走向 often foll. by 常后跟 for: is heading for trouble  找麻烦b tr.  direct in a specified direction 指向 5 tr. Football  strike (the ball) with the head 【足球】用头顶球 6  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  cut the head off (a plant etc.) 砍伐(植物的)顶部b intr. (of a plant etc.) form a head (指植物等)结实，抽穗 □ above (or over) one's head   beyond one's ability to understand 无法理解□ come to a head   reach a crisis 达到紧要关头□ enter (or come into) one's head  colloq.  occur to one [口]想到，想起□ from head to toe (or foot)   all over a person's body 全身上下，完全□ get into one's head   come, or cause, to realize or understand (使)了解，(使)理解□ get (or take) it into one's head  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  form a definite idea or plan, esp. mistakenly or impetuously 错误(或鲁莽)地认为(或想出)□ get one's head down  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  go to bed 睡觉 2  concentrate on the task in hand 专心于手头的工作□ give a person his (or her) head   allow a person to act freely 允许…自由行动□ go out of one's head   go mad 发疯□ go to one's head   1 (of liquor) make one dizzy or slightly drunk (指酒)上头；使…微醉 2 (of success) make one conceited (指成功)冲昏了头脑；使某人骄傲自满□ head and shoulders  colloq.  by a considerable amount [口]相当地；大大地□ head back   1  get ahead of so as to intercept and turn back 上前阻止 2  return home etc. 回家□ head off   1  get ahead of so as to intercept and turn aside 拦截，阻止 2  forestall 预防，(用先发制人的方法)防止□ head over heels   1  turning over completely in forward motion as in a somersault etc. 头朝下地 2  topsy-turvy 颠倒地 3  utterly, completely 完全  head over heels in love  彻底陷入爱情中□ heads will roll  colloq.  people will be disgraced or dismissed [口]失宠，被解雇□ head up   take charge of (a group of people) 带领；领导□ hold up one's head   be confident or unashamed 自信；无愧□ in one's head   1  in one's thoughts or imagination 考虑中；想像中 2  by mental process without use of physical aids 用头脑；用思考□ keep one's head   remain calm 保持冷静□ keep one's head above water  colloq.  1  keep out of debt [口]没有债务，不负债 2  avoid succumbing to difficulties 避免陷入困境□ keep one's head down  colloq.  remain inconspicuous in difficult or dangerous times [口] (在困难或危险时期)使不引人注意；避免麻烦□ lose one's head   lose self-control; panic 失去自控；恐慌□ make head or tail of  (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定词或疑问词连用)  understand at all 弄清楚；理解□ off one's head  colloq.  crazy [口]发疯的，疯狂的；精神错乱□ off the top of one's head  colloq.  impromptu; without careful thought or investigation [口]即兴地；不假认真思索地□ on one's (or one's own) head   as one's sole responsibility 由…完全负责□ out of one's head   1 colloq.  crazy [口]精神失常 2  from one's imagination or memory 想像中的□ over one's head   1  beyond one's ability to understand 不能理解 2  without one's knowledge or involvement, esp. when one has a right to this (尤指有权利知道时)不知道；没参与 3  with disregard for one's own (stronger) claim 不顾…的权利  was promoted over their heads  提职越过他们□ put heads together   consult together 共同商讨□ put into a person's head   suggest to a person 提建议□ turn a person's head   1  make a person conceited 使自满，使自负 2  distract or sway a person 分散、转移注意力□ with one's head in the clouds   see 见 CLOUD □ headed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ headless  adj.  □ headward  adj. & adv.   [Old English hēafod, from Germanic]

-head /hed/ suffix  = -HOOD godhead  神性 maidenhead  处女性；处女时期  [Middle English -hed, -hede = -HOOD]

headache /ˈhedeik/ n.  1  a continuous pain in the head 头痛 2 colloq. [口]  a  a worrying problem 令人头痛的问题b  a troublesome person 令人麻烦的人 □ headachy  adj.  

headage /ˈhedidʒ/ n.  the number of animals on a farm etc. (农场牲畜的)头数，数量

headband /ˈhedbænd/ n.  a band worn round the head as decoration or to keep the hair off the face 头带，束发带

headbanger /ˈhedbæŋə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a young person shaking violently to the rhythm of pop music (esp. heavy metal) 随着流行音乐(尤其是重金属音乐)的节奏强烈摇摆的青年人 2  a crazy or eccentric person 疯子；古怪的人

headbanging /ˈhedbæŋiŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  violent shaking of the head esp. by young music fans (尤指年轻音乐迷的)疯狂的摇头 2  the brisk forceful disciplining of uncooperative persons 敲脑壳(对不合作者的严厉教训)

headboard /ˈhedbɔ:d/ n.  an upright panel forming or placed behind the head of a bed 床头板，床头架

head-butt n. & v. ●n.  a forceful thrust with the top of the head into the head, chin, or body of another person 头顶；猛撞 ●v. tr.  attack (another person) with a head-butt 用头顶撞；猛撞

head case n. colloq.  a mentally ill or unstable person [口]精神病人；思想不稳定的人

headcount /ˈhedkaʊnt/ n.  1  a counting of individual people 人口统计 2  a total number of people, esp. the number of people employed in a particular organization (尤指组织中所雇佣的)人员总数

headdress /ˈheddres/ n.  an ornamental covering or band for the head 头巾；头饰；头带

header /ˈhedə/ n.  1 Football  a shot or pass made with the head 【足球】头球攻门；头球传球 2 colloq.  a headlong fall or dive [口]头朝下落；头朝下跳 3  a brick or stone laid at right angles to the face of a wall (cf. 参见 STRETCHER 2) 露头砖；露头石 4 (in full 全称 header-tank)  a tank of water etc. maintaining pressure in a plumbing system 通水箱 5  a line or block of text appearing at the top of each page of a document etc. (cf. 参见 FOOTER1 2) 题头；页眉

head first adv.  1  with the head foremost 头朝前地 2  precipitately 冒失地

headgear /ˈhedɡiə/ n.  a hat or headdress 帽子；头饰

headhunting /ˈhedhʌntiŋ/ n.  1  the practice among some peoples of collecting the heads of dead enemies as trophies 野蛮人割取敌人首级作为战利品 2  the practice of filling a (usu. senior) business position by approaching a suitable person employed elsewhere 物色人才 □ headhunt  v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  □ headhunter  n.  

heading /ˈhediŋ/ n.  1  a  a title at the head of a page or section of a book etc. 标题，题名b  a division or section of a subject of discourse etc. 小标题 2  a  a horizontal passage made in preparation for building a tunnel 平巷，横坑道(为建隧道做准备)b Mining 【采矿学】  = DRIFTn. 6  3  material for making cask-heads 做桶盖的材料 4  the extension of the top of a curtain above the tape that carries the hooks or the pocket for a wire 窗帘上缘

headlamp /ˈhedlæmp/ n.  = HEADLIGHT 

headland /ˈhedlənd, -lænd/ n.  1  a promontory 海角；岬 2  a strip left unploughed at the end of a field, for machinery to pass along 地头；畦界

headlight /ˈhedlait/ n.  1  a strong light at the front of a motor vehicle or railway engine 前灯；大灯 2  the beam from this 前灯灯光

headline /ˈhedlain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heading at the top of an article or page, esp. in a newspaper (尤指报纸上文章的)标题，题目 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the most important items of news in a newspaper or broadcast news bulletin 头条新闻 ●v.  1 tr.  give a headline to 加标题 2 intr.  appear as the star performer 当主角 □ hit (or make) the headlines  colloq.  be given prominent attention as news [口]成为头条新闻

headliner /ˈhedlainə/ n. US  a star performer [美]明星

headlock /ˈhedlɒk/ n. Wrestling  a hold with an arm round the opponent's head 【摔跤】用一只手臂将对手头夹于腋下的摔跤法

headlong /ˈhedlɒŋ/ adv. & adj.  1  with head foremost 头朝前地 2  in a rush 快速地；匆忙地 [Middle English headling (as HEAD, -LING2), assimilated to -LONG]

head louse n.  a louse of the variety which infests the hair of the human head 头虱

headman /ˈhedmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the chief man of a tribe etc. (部落的)头人，首领，酋长

headmaster /hedˈmɑ:stə/ n. (fem. headmistress /-ˈmistris/)  the principal teacher in charge of a school 校长 □ headmasterly  adj.  

headmost /ˈhedməʊst/ adj. (esp. of a ship) foremost (尤指船)领头的，最前面的

headnote /ˈhednəʊt/ n.  1  a note or comment at the head of a document, page, etc. 眉批，顶注 2 Law  a summary giving the principle of a decision and an outline of the facts, prefixed to the report of a decided case 【法律】(判决书前面的)批注；提要

head of hair n.  the hair on a person's head, esp. as a distinctive feature 发型(尤指作为一个特征)

head of state n. (pl. heads of state)  the title of the head of a state, usu. the leader of the ruling party or a monarch 政府首脑

head-on adj. & adv.  1  with the front foremost 迎头的(地)；正面的(地)  a head-on crash  面对面相撞 hit us head-on  与我们迎面相撞 2  in direct confrontation 公开对抗的(地)；直接反对的(地)

headphone /ˈhedfəʊn/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a pair of earphones joined by a band placed over the head, for listening to audio equipment etc. 耳机

headpiece /ˈhedpi:s/ n.  1  an ornamental engraving at the head of a chapter etc. (章、节等的开头的)花饰 2  a helmet 头盔，帽子 3 archaic  intellect [古义]智力

headquarters /hedˈkwɔ:təz/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  1  the administrative centre of an organization 总部 2  the premises occupied by a military commander and the commander's staff 司令部，指挥部

headrest /ˈhedrest/ n.  a support for the head, esp. on a seat or chair (尤指座位或椅子的)靠头的部位

headroom /ˈhedru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  the space or clearance between the top of a vehicle and the underside of a bridge etc. which it passes under (拱、梁等下面的)净空高度 2  the space above a driver's or passenger's head in a vehicle (汽车的)净空；头上高度

headsail /ˈhedseil/ n.  a sail on a ship's foremast or bowsprit 前帆

headscarf /ˈhedskɑ:f/ n.  a scarf worn round the head and tied under the chin, instead of a hat 头巾

headset /ˈhedset/ n.  a set of headphones, often with a microphone attached, used esp. in telephony and radio communication (常连麦克风的)耳机；听筒(尤用于电话和无线电通讯中)

headship /ˈhedʃip/ n.  the position of chief or leader, esp. Brit. of a headmaster or headmistress 领导人的地位，职务；[尤英]校长的职务

headshrinker /ˈhedʃriŋkə/ n. slang  a psychiatrist [俚语]精神病医生；精神病学家

headsman /ˈhedzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 hist.  an executioner who beheads [史义]刽子手；死刑执行人 2  a person in command of a whaling boat 捕鲸船船长

headspring /ˈhedspriŋ/ n.  1  the main source of a stream 河流的源泉；水源 2  a principal source of ideas etc. 源泉，起源

headsquare /ˈhedskwɛə/ n. Brit.  a rectangular scarf for wearing on the head [英]头巾，方巾

headstall /ˈhedstɔ:l/ n.  the part of a halter or bridle that fits round a horse's head 马笼头

head start n.  an advantage granted or gained at an early stage 占先，领先；先起步的优势

headstock /ˈhedstɒk/ n.  a set of bearings in a machine, supporting a revolving part 主轴箱

headstone /ˈhedstəʊn/ n.  a (usu. inscribed) stone set up at the head of a grave (通常有题字的)墓碑

headstrong /ˈhedstrɒŋ/ adj.  self-willed and obstinate 顽固的，刚愎的，任性的

head teacher n.  the teacher in charge of a school 校长

head-to-head n., adj. & adv. ●n.  a conversation, confrontation, or contest between two parties 两方参加的谈话(或对抗、竞赛) ●attrib. adj.  involving two parties confronting each other 双方对峙的 ●adv.  confronting another party 与对手竞争地 [translation of French tête-ɑˋ-tête]

head-up adj. (of instrument readings in an aircraft, vehicle, etc.) shown so as to be visible without lowering the eyes (飞机、车辆等中的仪表读数)由平视显示器显示的

head voice n.  the high register of the voice in speaking or singing 高音区嗓音

headwater /ˈhedwɔ:tə/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  streams flowing from the sources of a river 上游源头

headway /ˈhedwei/ n.  1  progress 前进 2  the rate of progress of a ship (船的)前进速度 3  = HEADROOM 1 

headwind /ˈhedwind/ n.  a wind blowing from directly in front 逆风，顶头风

headword /ˈhedwɜ:d/ n.  a word forming a heading, e.g. of an entry in a dictionary or encyclopedia 标题词；中心词；词目

headwork /ˈhedwɜ:k/ n.  mental work or effort 脑力劳动，劳心的工作

heady /ˈhedi/ adj. (headier, headiest)  1 (of liquor) potent, intoxicating (指酒精)使头晕的；易使人醉的 2 (of success etc.) likely to cause conceit (指成功等)使人兴奋的；飘飘然的 3 (of a person, thing, or action) impetuous, violent 卤莽的；猛烈的 4  headachy 头晕的，头痛的 □ headily  adv.  □ headiness  n.  

heal /hi:l/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a wound or injury) become sound or healthy again (指伤口或受伤处)痊愈 2 tr.  cause (a wound, disease, or person) to heal or be cured, or be made sound again 使痊愈；使康复 3 tr.  put right (differences etc.) 消除，克服(分歧等) 4 tr.  alleviate (sorrow etc.) 减轻(痛苦等) □ healable  adj.   [Old English hlan from Germanic: related to WHOLE]

heal-all n.  1  a universal remedy, a panacea 万能药 2  a popular name of various medicinal plants 万灵草(几种药草的俗称)

heald /hi:ld/ n.  = HEDDLE  [Old English hefel, hefeld, from Germanic]

healer /ˈhi:lə/ n.  1  a person who heals others, esp. a faith healer (尤指信仰疗法的)医治者 2  a thing which heals or assists in healing 治疗物

health /helθ/ n.  1  the state of being well in body or mind 健康 2  a person's mental or physical condition 健康状况  has poor health  身体不好 3  soundness, esp. financial or moral (尤指财政或道德的)发达；健康  the health of the nation  国家的繁荣 4  a toast drunk in someone's honour 祝愿健康的干杯 [Old English hlth, from Germanic]

health centre n. Brit.  the headquarters of a group of local medical services [英]卫生院，卫生所

health certificate n.  a certificate attesting fitness or good health 健康证明

health farm n.  a residential establishment where people seek improved health by a regimen of dieting, exercise, etc. 健身庄(通过节制饮食、锻炼身体等措施改善人们健康状况)

health food n.  natural food thought to have health-giving qualities 保健食品(有助于健康的天然食品)

healthful /ˈhelθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  conducive to good health; beneficial 有益健康的 □ healthfully  adv.  □ healthfulness  n.  

health physics n.  the branch of radiology which deals with the health of people working with radioactive materials 保健物理学，有害辐射防护学

health service n. Brit.  a public service providing medical care [英]公共医疗卫生服务，社会保健服务

health visitor n. Brit.  a trained nurse who visits those in need of medical attention in their homes [英]卫生访视员(指上门提供服务的受过培训的护理员)

healthy /ˈhelθi/ adj. (healthier, healthiest)  1  having, showing, or promoting good health 健康的；有助健康的 2  beneficial, helpful 有益的，有帮助的  a healthy respect for experience  对经历应有的尊敬 3  ample, sizeable, considerable 相当多的；丰富的  a healthy portion  一大部分 □ healthily  adv.  □ healthiness  n.  

heap /hi:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a collection of things lying haphazardly one on another; a pile 堆 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) colloq.  a large number or amount [口]大量，许多  there's heaps of time  有的是时间 is heaps better  好多了 3 colloq.  an old or dilapidated thing, esp. a motor vehicle or building [口]破旧东西(尤指破旧的汽车或建筑) ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 up, together, etc.)  collect or be collected in a heap 堆积，积起；使成堆 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  load copiously or to excess 装满，盛满；使充溢 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  accord or offer copiously to 大量地给予  heaped insults on them  对他们大肆侮辱 4 tr. (as 作 heaped adj.) Brit. (of a spoonful etc.) with the contents piled above the brim [英] (指一勺的量等)满满的 □ heap coals of fire on a person's head  Brit.  cause a person remorse by returning good for evil [英] (通过以恩报怨)使人懊悔 [Old English hēap, hēapian, from Germanic]

hear /hiə/ v. (past and past part. heard /hɜ:d/)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  perceive (sound etc.) with the ear 听见 2 tr.  listen to 听  heard them on the radio  听他们在广播上讲话 3 tr.  listen judicially to and judge (a case, plaintiff, etc.) 审理，听证(诉讼)，听(起诉人)陈述 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, of, or that + clause)  be told or informed 被告知；被通知 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  be contacted by, esp. by letter or telephone (尤指通过信函或电话)听说；得知 6 tr.  be ready to obey (an order) 听从 7 tr.  grant (a prayer) 准许，允准(恳求) □ have heard of   be aware of; know of the existence of 知道，得知□ hear! hear!  int.  expressing agreement (esp. with something said in a speech) 听啊！ (表示赞同的喝彩声)□ hear a person out   listen to all that a person says 听完(某人所说的话)□ hear say (or tell)  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  be informed 听说□ will not hear of   will not allow or agree to 不允许，不同意□ hearable  adj.  □ hearer  n.   [Old English hīeran, from Germanic]

hearing /ˈhiəriŋ/ n.  1  the faculty of perceiving sounds 听觉 2  the range within which sounds may be heard; earshot 听力  within hearing  听力范围内的 in my hearing  我听到的 3  an opportunity to state one's case 申诉的机会  give them a fair hearing  公正地听某人申诉 4  the listening to evidence and pleadings in a law court 听取证言；听取申辩

hearing aid n.  a small device to amplify sound, worn by a partially deaf person 助听器

hearken /ˈhɑ:k(ə)n/ v. intr. (also 亦作 harken) (often foll. by 常后跟 to) archaic or literary  listen [古义] [文学用语]听 [Old English heorcnian (as HARK)]

hearsay /ˈhiəsei/ n.  rumour, gossip 谣传；道听途说

hearsay evidence n.  evidence given by a witness based on information received from others rather than personal knowledge 传闻证据(证人根据传闻提供的证言)

hearse /hɜ:s/ n.  a vehicle for conveying the coffin at a funeral 灵车，柩车 [Middle English via Old French herse ‘harrow’ from medieval Latin herpica, ultimately from Latin hirpex -icis ‘large rake’]

heart /hɑ:t/ n.  1  a hollow muscular organ maintaining the circulation of blood by rhythmic contraction and dilation 心脏；心 2  the region of the heart; the breast 胸 3  a  the heart regarded as the centre of thought, feeling, and emotion (esp. love) 内心；心灵b  a person's capacity for feeling emotion 感情；心境  has no heart  冷酷无情 4  a  courage or enthusiasm 热情；精神  take heart  振作起来 lose heart  失去信心(或勇气)b  one's mood or feeling 心情，感觉  change of heart  情绪变化 5  a  the central or innermost part of something 中心b  the vital part or essence 要点，实质  the heart of the matter  问题的实质 6  the close compact head of a cabbage, lettuce, etc. 菜心 7  a  a heart-shaped thing 心形物b  a conventional representation of a heart with two equal curves meeting at a point at the bottom and a cusp at the top 心的图形(用双瓣状表示) 8  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by a red figure of a heart (纸牌)红心牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit 红心c (in pl. 用复数)  a card game in which players avoid taking tricks containing a card of this suit 红心牌戏(玩者须避免吃进红心牌墩) 9  condition of land as regards fertility 土地的肥沃程度  in good heart  土地肥沃的 □ after one's own heart   such as one likes or desires 合心愿的；称心的□ at heart   1  in one's inmost feelings 内心里 2  basically, essentially 实质上；本质上□ break a person's heart   overwhelm a person with sorrow 伤心□ by heart   in or from memory 记忆中□ close to (or near) one's heart   1  dear to one 为人所爱的 2  affecting one deeply 感人的，动人的□ from the heart (or the bottom of one's heart)   sincerely, profoundly 真诚的；真挚的□ give (or lose) one's heart  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  fall in love (with) 爱上，倾心于□ have a heart   be merciful 发慈悲□ have the heart  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用 ; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  be insensitive or hard-hearted enough 有勇气做  didn't have the heart to ask him  不敢去问他□ have (or put) one's heart in (or into)   be (or become) keenly involved in or committed to (an enterprise etc.) 关心，专注于□ have one's heart in one's mouth   be greatly alarmed or apprehensive 吃了一惊；吓得要命□ have one's heart in the right place   be sincere or well-intentioned 心地好的；友善的□ heart of gold   a generous nature 大方的；善良的□ heart of oak   a courageous nature 勇敢的□ heart of stone   a stern or cruel nature 冷酷的，无情的□ heart to heart   candidly, intimately 心心相印的；真诚的□ in heart  Brit.  in good spirits [英]情绪高昂的□ in one's heart of hearts   in one's inmost feelings 内心深处的□ out of heart  Brit.  in low spirits [英]情绪低沉□ take to heart   be much affected or distressed by 忧虑，伤心□ to one's heart's content   see 见 CONTENT1 □ wear one's heart on one's sleeve   make one's feelings apparent 流露感情；过于直率□ with all one's heart   sincerely; with all goodwill 真心实意地□ with one's whole heart   with enthusiasm; without doubts or reservations 全心全意地□ hearted  adj.   [Old English heorte, from Germanic]

heartache /ˈhɑ:teik/ n.  mental anguish or grief 痛心；悲伤

heart attack n.  a sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis usu. resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle 心脏病发作

heartbeat /ˈhɑ:tbi:t/ n.  a pulsation of the heart 心跳

heartbreak /ˈhɑ:tbreik/ n.  overwhelming distress 伤心 □ heartbreaker  n.  □ heartbreaking  adj.  □ heartbreakingly  adv.  □ heartbroken  adj.  

heartburn /ˈhɑ:tbɜ:n/ n.  a burning sensation in the chest resulting from indigestion; pyrosis 烧心；胃灼热

hearten /ˈhɑ:t(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become more cheerful 激励；振奋 □ heartening  adj.  □ hearteningly  adv.  

heart failure n.  severe failure of the heart to function properly, esp. as a cause of death 心力衰竭(尤指死亡原因)

heartfelt /ˈhɑ:tfelt/ adj.  sincere; deeply felt 由衷的；衷心的

hearth /hɑ:θ/ n.  1  a  the floor of a fireplace 壁炉地面b  the area in front of a fireplace 壁炉边 2  this symbolizing the home 家；家庭生活 3  the bottom of a blast furnace where molten metal collects 炉底，炉床 [Old English heorth, from West Germanic]

hearthrug /ˈhɑ:θrʌɡ/ n.  a rug laid before a fireplace 壁炉前的地毯

hearthstone /ˈhɑ:θstəʊn/ n.  1  a flat stone forming a hearth 壁炉底部石板 2  a soft stone used to whiten hearths, doorsteps, etc. 软磨石(用来擦净炉底、台阶等)

heartily /ˈhɑ:tili/ adv.  1  in a hearty manner; with goodwill, appetite, or vigour 热忱地 2  very; to a great degree (esp. with reference to personal feelings) (尤指个人情感)非常，相当  am heartily sick of it  非常厌恶 disliked him heartily  很不喜欢他

heartland /ˈhɑ:tlænd/ n.  the central or most important part of an area 中心地带；心脏地区

heartless /ˈhɑ:tlis/ adj.  unfeeling, pitiless 无情的；无怜悯心的 □ heartlessly  adv.  □ heartlessness  n.  

heart-lung machine n.  a machine that temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs, esp. in surgery 人工心肺机(尤用于外科手术中)

heart-rending adj.  very distressing 令人心碎的 □ heart-rendingly  adv.  

heart's-blood n. Brit.  lifeblood, life [英]生命源泉；维持生命的血液；生命

heart-searching n.  the thorough examination of one's own feelings and motives 反省的，内省的

heartsease /ˈhɑ:tsi:z/ n. (also 亦作 heart's-ease)  a pansy, esp. the wild pansy, Viola tricolor 三色堇(尤指野生三色紫罗兰)

heartsick /ˈhɑ:tsik/ adj.  very despondent 沮丧的；忧伤的 □ heartsickness  n.  

heartsore /ˈhɑ:tsɔ:/ adj. archaic or literary  grieving, heartsick [古义] [文学用语]伤心的；忧伤的

heartstrings /ˈhɑ:tstriŋz/ n. pl.  one's deepest feelings or emotions 心弦

heart-throb n.  1  beating of the heart 心跳 2 colloq.  a person, usu. a celebrity, for whom one has (esp. immature) romantic feelings [口]心爱的人；迷恋的对象(通常为名人)

heart-to-heart adj. & n. ●adj. (of a conversation etc.) candid, intimate (指谈话)交心的；倾心的 ●n.  a candid or personal conversation 谈心

heart-warming adj.  emotionally rewarding or uplifting 动人的；暖人心房的

heartwood /ˈhɑ:twʊd/ n.  the dense inner part of a tree trunk yielding the hardest timber 赤木质；心材

hearty /ˈhɑ:ti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (heartier, heartiest)  1  strong, vigorous 强壮的；精力充沛的 2  spirited 精神饱满的 3 (of a meal or appetite) large (食物)丰盛的；胃口好的 4  warm, friendly 热诚的；友好的 ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a hearty person, esp. one ostentatiously so (尤指表面)热情的人 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (as a form of address) fellows, esp. fellow sailors (称呼)伙伴们；水手们 □ heartiness  n.  

heat /hi:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the condition of being hot 热；高温b  the sensation or perception of this 热的程度或感觉c  high temperature of the body (体温)发烧 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  a form of energy arising from the random motion of the molecules of bodies, which may be transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation 热能b  the amount of this needed to cause a specific process, or evolved in a process 热能能量  heat of formation  转换热 heat of solution  溶解热 3  hot weather 炎热的天气  succumbed to the heat  热死 4  a  warmth of feeling 热情；激情b  anger or excitement 愤怒；激动  the heat of the argument  激烈的争论 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the most intense part or period of an activity 最热烈的部分，最激烈的时期  in the heat of the battle  激战中 6  a (usu. preliminary or trial) round in a race or contest 赛次；预赛 7  the receptive period of the sexual cycle, esp. in female mammals (尤指雌性动物的)发情期 8  redness of the skin with a sensation of heat (皮肤)红且热  prickly heat  痱子 9  pungency of flavour 辛辣；辣味 10 slang  intensive pursuit, e.g. by the police [俚语]警察等的大力侦查；穷追不舍 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become hot or warm 使热；变热 2 tr.  inflame; excite or intensify 使愤怒；使激动 □ in the heat of the moment   during or resulting from intense activity, without pause for thought 一时性起；一时激动之下□ on heat  (of mammals, esp. females) sexually receptive (哺乳动物，尤指雌性动物)在发情期□ turn the heat on  colloq.  concentrate an attack or criticism on (a person) [口]攻击，批评 [Old English htu, from Germanic]

heat barrier n.  the limitation of the speed of an aircraft etc. by heat resulting from air friction 热障

heat capacity n.  thermal capacity 热容量

heat death n. Physics  a state of uniform distribution of energy, esp. viewed as a possible fate of the universe 【物理学】热寂

heated /ˈhi:tid/ adj.  1 (of a person, discussions, etc.) angry; inflamed with passion or excitement (指人、讨论等)愤怒的；激烈的，热烈的 2  made hot 热的；加热的 □ heatedly  adv.  

heat engine n.  a device for producing motive power from heat 热力发动机，热机

heater /ˈhi:tə/ n.  1  a device for warming the air in a room, car, etc. 发热器 2  a container with an element etc. for heating the contents 加热器  water heater  热水器 3 slang  a gun [俚语]枪

heat-exchanger n.  a device for the transfer of heat from one medium to another 热交换器

heath /hi:θ/ n.  1  a esp. Brit.  an area of open uncultivated land, usu. on acid sandy soil, with heather, coarse grasses, etc. [尤英]灌木丛生的荒野b Bot.  an area dominated by dwarf ericaceous shrubs 【植】石南荒原 2  a plant growing on a heath, esp. of the genus Erica or Calluna (e.g. heather) 石南荒原上生长的植物(尤指石南灌木或石南花) □ heathy  adj.   [Old English hth, from Germanic]

heathen /ˈhi:ð(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who does not belong to a widely held religion (esp. who is not Christian, Jew, or Muslim) as regarded by those that do 异教徒(基督教徒、犹太教徒或穆斯林教徒以外的人) 2  an unenlightened person; a person regarded as lacking culture or moral principles 未开化的人；不文明的人 3 (作 the heathen)  heathen people collectively (总称)异教徒 4 Bibl.  a Gentile 【圣经】异族人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to heathens 异族人的 2  having no religion 无宗教信仰的 □ heathendom  n.  □ heathenism  n.   [Old English hthen, from Germanic]

Heather /ˈheðə(r)/   希瑟 [人名]

heather /ˈheðə/ n.  1  an evergreen shrub, Calluna vulgaris (family Ericaceae), with purple bell-shaped flowers 石南花(常青灌木，开紫色铃形花) 2  any of various related shrubs of the genus Erica or Daboecia, growing esp. on moors and heaths 杜鹃花科植物(尤指长于沼泽和荒原上的灌木) □ heathery  adj.   [Middle English, Scots & northern English hathir etc., of unknown origin: assimilated to heath]

heather mixture n. Brit. [英]  1  a fabric of mixed hues supposed to resemble heather 混色毛纱(颜色像石南) 2  the colour of this 混色

heathland /ˈhi:θlænd/ n.  an extensive area of heath 石南丛生的荒野

Heath Robinson /hi:θ ˈrɒbins(ə)n/ adj. Brit.  absurdly ingenious and impracticable in design or construction [英]设计或制造极其精巧但不实用的 [named after W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist d. 1944 who drew such contrivances]

heating /ˈhi:tiŋ/ n.  1  the imparting or generation of heat 发热 2  equipment or devices used to provide heat, esp. to a building (尤指建筑物的)供热装置

heat lamp n.  a lamp used for its heat as well as its light 加热灯

heatproof /ˈhi:tpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj.  able to resist great heat 隔热的；防热的；耐热的 ●v. tr.  make heatproof 使隔热；使抗热

heat pump n.  a device for the transfer of heat from a colder area to a hotter area by using mechanical energy 热(力)泵，蒸汽泵

heat-resistant adj.  = HEATPROOF 

heat-seeking adj. (of a missile etc.) able to detect infra-red radiation to guide it to its target (导弹等)热辐射自导的；热寻的

heat shield n.  a device for protection from excessive heat, esp. fitted to a spacecraft (尤指宇宙飞船上安装的)热屏蔽，热防护层

heat sink n.  a device or substance for absorbing excessive or unwanted heat 吸热器，吸热部件

heatstroke /ˈhi:tstrəʊk/ n.  a feverish condition caused by excessive exposure to high temperature 中暑

heat treatment n.  the use of heat to modify the properties of a metal, ease muscular pains, etc. 金属热处理；肌肉热疗法 □ heat-treat  v. tr.  

heatwave /ˈhi:tweiv/ n.  a prolonged period of abnormally hot weather 热浪期；酷暑

heave /hi:v/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. heaved or esp. Naut. (尤)【海】 hove /həʊv/)  1 tr.  lift or haul (a heavy thing) with great effort 举起；拉起(重物) 2 tr.  utter with effort or resignation 用力发出  heaved a sigh  发出叹息 3 tr. colloq.  throw [口]投掷；抛出 4 intr.  rise and fall rhythmically or spasmodically (有节奏地或痉挛性地)起伏 5 tr. Naut.  haul by rope 【海】拖，拉 6 intr.  retch 恶心，呕吐 ●n.  1  an instance of heaving 举起；拖，拉 2 Geol.  a sideways displacement in a fault 【地质】平错，隆起 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a disease of horses, with laboured breathing (马)肺气肿 □ heave in sight  Naut. or colloq.  come into view 【海】[口]进入视野，出现□ heave to  esp. Naut.  bring or be brought to a standstill (尤)【海】停航□ heaver  n.   [Old English hebban from Germanic, related to Latin capere ‘take’]

heave-ho int.  a sailors' cry, esp. on raising the anchor 用力拉呀(水手的呼喊)

heaven /ˈhev(ə)n/ n.  1 (also 亦作 Heaven)  a place regarded in some religions as the abode of God and the angels, and of the good after death, often characterized as above the sky 天国；天堂 2  a place or state of supreme bliss 极乐世界 3 colloq.  something delightful [口]令人高兴的事 4 (usu. 通常作 Heaven)  God, Providence (often, in sing. or pl. 常用单数或复数 , as an exclamation or mild oath 作为惊叫或温和的誓言 : by Heaven 老天爷) 上帝，神 5 (作 the heavens) esp. poet.  the sky as the abode of the sun, moon, and stars and regarded from earth [尤诗]天，天空 □ in seventh heaven   in a state of ecstasy 极乐□ move heaven and earth  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  make extraordinary efforts 竭尽全力；尽一切可能□ heavenward  adj. & adv.  □ heavenwards  adv.   [Old English heofon]

heavenly /ˈhev(ə)nli/ adj.  1  of heaven; divine 天国的；神圣的 2  of the heavens or sky 天空的 3 colloq.  very pleasing; wonderful [口]无比快乐的；无比美好的 □ heavenliness  n.   [Old English heofonlic (as HEAVEN)]

heavenly body n.  a natural object in outer space, e.g. the sun, a star, a planet, etc.; a celestial object 宇宙空间的自然物体(如日、月、星辰等)；天体

heavenly host  see 见 HOST1 3 

heaven-sent adj.  providential; wonderfully opportune 天赐的；最恰逢其时的

heavier-than-air adj. (of an aircraft) weighing more than the air it displaces (飞机)重于空气的

Heaviside layer /ˈhevisaid/ n. (in full 全称 Heaviside － Kennelly layer /hevisaidˈken(ə)li/)  = E-LAYER  [named after O. Heaviside, English physicist d. 1925, and A. E. Kennelly, US physicist d. 1939]

heavy /ˈhevi/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (heavier, heaviest)  1  of great or exceptionally high weight; difficult to lift 重的，沉的 2  a  of great density 密度大的b Physics  having a greater than the usual mass (esp. of isotopes and compounds containing them) 【物理学】重的(尤指同位素及含同位素的化合物) 3  abundant, considerable 大量的，多的  a heavy crop  大丰收 4  severe, intense, extensive, excessive 严峻的；强烈的；广泛的；过分的  heavy fighting  激战 a heavy sleep  沉睡 5  doing something to excess 无节制的  a heavy drinker  酗酒者 6  a  striking or falling with force 用力的  heavy blows  强力的打击 heavy rain  大雨b (of the sea) having large powerful waves (海洋)波浪汹涌的 7 (of rock music etc.) highly amplified with a strong beat (摇滚音乐等)节奏强烈的 8 (of machinery, artillery, etc.) very large of its kind; large in calibre etc. (机器、大炮等)大型的；口径大的 9  causing a strong impact 导致沉重撞击的；重重的  a heavy fall  沉重的倒下 10  needing much physical effort 费力的  heavy work  繁重的工作 11 (foll. by 后跟 with)  laden 装满的；负载的 12  carrying heavy weapons 装备重武器的  the heavy brigade  重装备旅 13  a (of a speech, writing, etc.) serious or sombre in tone or attitude; dull, tedious (演讲、写作等)严肃的；乏味的，单调的b (of a person) sternly repressive (指人)忧郁的；压抑的  heavy father  忧郁的父亲 14  a (of food) hard to digest (食物)难消化的b (of a literary work etc.) hard to read or understand (文学作品等)深奥的；难懂的 15  intellectually slow 迟钝的 16 (of bread etc.) too dense from not having risen (面包等)不松软的；未发起的 17 (of ground) difficult to traverse or work (指地面)泥泞难走的 18  oppressive; hard to endure 感觉沉重的，难以忍受的  a heavy fate  悲惨的命运 heavy demands  过多的需求 19  a  coarse, ungraceful 粗俗的；下流的  heavy features  面目可憎b  unwieldy 拙笨的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 colloq.  a large violent person; a thug [口]恶棍；暴徒 2  a villainous or tragic role or actor in a play etc. 反派角色；悲剧角色 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. colloq.  a serious newspaper [英口]严肃的报刊 4  anything large or heavy of its kind, e.g. a vehicle 大型；重型(如机动车) 5 slang  strong beer, esp. bitter [俚语] (尤指苦涩且度数高的)啤酒 ●adv.  heavily (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : heavy-laden 负载沉重地) 沉重地 □ heavy on   using a lot of 大量使用的  heavy on petrol  大量使用石油□ make heavy weather of   see 见 WEATHER □ heavily  adv.  □ heaviness  n.  □ heavyish  adj.   [Old English hefig from Germanic: related to HEAVE]

heavy breathing n.  breathing that is audible through being deep or laboured, esp. as a result of exertion 呼吸沉重的

heavy chemicals n. pl.  bulk chemicals used in industry and agriculture 重化学品(用于工、农业)

heavy-duty adj.  1  intended to withstand hard use 耐用的 2 US colloq.  significant in size, amount, etc. [美口]重型的

heavy-footed adj.  awkward, ponderous 笨拙的；笨重的

heavy going adj.  slow or difficult to progress with 行进缓慢的；进展艰难的  found Proust heavy going  发觉普鲁斯特的作品艰深难懂

heavy-handed adj.  1  clumsy 双手笨拙的 2  overbearing, oppressive 残酷的；严厉的 □ heavy-handedly  adv.  □ heavy-handedness  n.  

heavy-hearted adj.  sad, doleful 悲哀的；情绪低落的

heavy hydrogen n.  = DEUTERIUM 

heavy industry n.  industry producing metal, machinery, etc. 重工业

heavy metal n.  1  heavy guns 重炮 2  metal of high density 重金属 3 (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  a type of highly amplified harsh-sounding rock music with a strong beat and frequently theatrical performance [口]重金属电子摇滚乐

heavy petting n.  erotic fondling between two people, stopping short of intercourse (性爱时)相互抚摸

heavy sleeper n.  a person who sleeps deeply 酣睡者

heavy water n.  a substance composed entirely or mainly of deuterium oxide 重水

heavyweight /ˈheviweit/ n.  1  a  a weight in certain sports, in the amateur boxing scale over 81 kg but differing for professional boxers, wrestlers, and weightlifters 重量级(体育项目用语，业余拳击手体重超过 81 公斤为重量级，但职业拳击、摔跤和举重运动员的标准不同)b  a boxer etc. of this weight 重量级拳击手 2  a person, animal, or thing of above average weight 特别重的人(动物或东西) 3 colloq.  a person of influence or importance [口]有影响的人；重要的人

Heb. abbr. [缩略]  Hebrews (New Testament) 

hebdomadal /hebˈdɒməd(ə)l/ adj. formal  weekly, esp. meeting weekly [正式]每周(尤指一周见一次)的 [Late Latin hebdomadalis from Greek hebdomas, -ados, from hepta ‘seven’]

hebe /hi:bi/ n.  any flowering shrub of the genus Hebe, with usu. overlapping scalelike leaves 赫柏(开花的灌木，叶子为鳞状并重叠) [modern Latin, named after the Greek goddess Hēbē]

hebetude /ˈhebitju:d/ n. literary  dullness [文学用语]迟钝；倦怠 [Late Latin hebetudo from hebes, -etis ‘blunt’]

Hebraic /hiˈbreiik/ adj.  of H ebrew or the Hebrews 希伯来语的；希伯来人的 □ Hebraically  adv.   [Late Latin from Greek Hebraikos (as HEBREW)]

Hebraism /ˈhi:breiiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a Hebrew idiom or expression, esp. in the Greek of the Bible (尤指希腊语《圣经》中的)希伯来习语或用语 2  an attribute of the Hebrews 希伯来人特性；希伯来人习俗 3  the Hebrew system of thought or religion 希伯来人的思想体系；希伯来人的宗教信仰 □ Hebraistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ Hebraize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French hébraïsme or modern Latin Hebraismus from late Greek Hebraïsmos (as HEBREW)]

Hebraist /ˈhi:breiist/ n.  an expert in Hebrew 希伯来语言文学家

Hebrew /ˈhi:bru:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Semitic people originally centred in ancient Palestine 希伯来人 2  a  the language of this people 希伯来语b  a modern form of this used esp. in Israel (尤指用于以色列的)现代希伯来语 ●adj.  1  of or in Hebrew 希伯来的 2  of the Hebrews or the Jews 希伯来人的；犹太人的 [Middle English via Old French Ebreu, medieval Latin Ebreus, Latin hebraeus, Greek Hebraios and Aramaic'ibray from Hebrew'ibrî ‘one from the other side’ (of the river)]

Hebridean /hebriˈdi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Hebrides, an island group off the W. coast of Scotland (苏格兰西海岸)赫布里底群岛的 ●n.  a native of the Hebrides 赫布里底群岛人

hecatomb /ˈhekətu:m/ n.  1 (in ancient Greece or Rome) a great public sacrifice, originally of 100 oxen (古希腊或罗马) (源于祭献百牛的)百牲祭 2  any extensive sacrifice 大牺牲；大屠杀 [Latin hecatombe from Greek hekatombē, from hekaton ‘hundred’ + bous ‘ox’]

heck /hek/ int. colloq.  a mild exclamation of surprise or dismay [口]哎呀(表示惊奇或失望) [alteration of HELL]

heckelphone /ˈhek(ə)lfəʊn/ n. Mus.  a bass oboe 【音】黑可尔管(低音双簧管) [German Heckelphon, named after W. Heckel, 20th-c. German instrument-maker]

heckle /ˈhek(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  interrupt and harass (a public speaker) 诘问，责问(演讲者) 2  dress (flax or hemp) 栉梳(亚麻纤维) ●n.  an act of heckling 诘问 □ heckler  n.   [Middle English, northern and eastern form of HACKLE]

hectare /ˈhektɛə, -ɑ:/ n.  a metric unit of square measure, equal to 100 ares (2.471 acres or 10,000 square metres) (abbr. 缩略 : ha) 公顷(等于 100 公亩， 2.471 英亩或 10,000 平方米) □ hectarage  /ˈhektəridʒ/ n.   [French (as HECTO-, ARE2)]

hectic /ˈhektik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  busy and confused 忙乱的 2 Med. hist.  having a hectic fever; abnormally flushed 【医】[史义]潮热的；发红的 ●n. Med. hist.  1  a hectic fever or flush 【医】[史义]潮热；发红 2  a patient suffering from this 潮热病患者 □ hectically  adv.   [Middle English etik via Old French etique and Late Latin hecticus from Greek hektikos ‘habitual’, from hexis ‘habit’, assimilated to French hectique or Late Latin]

hectic fever n. (also 亦作 hectic flush) Med. hist.  a fever which accompanies consumption and similar diseases, with flushed cheeks and hot dry skin 【医】[史义]潮热

hecto- /ˈhektəʊ/ comb. form  a hundred, esp. of a unit in the metric system (abbr. 缩略 : h) [构词成分]一百 [French, formed irregularly from Greek hekaton ‘hundred’]

hectogram /ˈhektə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 hectogramme)  a metric unit of mass, equal to one hundred grams 百克

hectograph /ˈhektə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an apparatus for copying documents by the use of a gelatin plate which receives an impression of the master copy 胶版誊写机

hectolitre /ˈhektə(ʊ)li:tə/ n. (US [美] hectoliter)  a metric unit of capacity, equal to one hundred litres 百升

hectometre /ˈhektə(ʊ)mi:tə/ n. (US [美] hectometer)  a metric unit of length, equal to one hundred metres 百米

hector /ˈhektə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  bully, intimidate 欺凌，威吓 ●n.  a bully 恶霸 □ hectoringly  adv.   [earlier ‘a swaggering fellow’: Latin Hector from Greek Hektōr, the name of a Trojan hero and son of Priam in Homer's Iliad]

he'd /hi:d, hid/ contr.  1  he had  2  he would 

heddle /hed(ə)l/ n.  one of the sets of small cords or wires between which the warp is passed in a loom before going through the reed 综片；综线 [apparently from Old English hefeld]

hedge /hedʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs 篱笆 2  a protection against possible loss or diminution 障碍物 ●v.  1 tr.  surround or bound with a hedge 用篱笆围住 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  enclose 包围 3  a tr.  reduce one's risk of loss on (a bet or speculation) by compensating transactions on the other side (赌博或投机)两面下注以避免损失b intr.  avoid a definite decision or commitment 回避；避免直接答复 4 intr.  make or trim hedges 建篱笆，修整篱笆 □ hedger  n.   [Old English hegg, from Germanic]

hedgehog /ˈhedʒ(h)ɒɡ/ n.  1  a small nocturnal mammal of the family Erinaceidae, esp. Erinaceus europaeus, having a piglike snout and a coat of spines, eating small invertebrates, and rolling itself up into a ball for defence 刺猬(小型夜行哺乳动物，嘴似猪，身带刺，吃小的无脊椎动物，防卫时身体卷成一团) 2  a porcupine or other animal similarly covered with spines 豪猪(或其他带刺的动物) [Middle English, from HEDGE (from its habitat) + HOG (from its snout)]

hedge-hop v. intr.  fly at a very low altitude 掠地飞行；低空飞行

hedgerow /ˈhedʒrəʊ/ n.  a row of bushes etc. forming a hedge 灌木篱墙

hedge sparrow n.  = DUNNOCK 

hedge trimmer n.  an electric device for trimming hedges 树篱修剪器

hedonic /hi:ˈdɒnik, he-/ adj.  1  of or characterized by pleasure 乐趣的 2 Psychol.  of pleasant or unpleasant sensations 【心】享乐的 [Greek hēdonikos from hēdonē ‘pleasure’]

hedonism /ˈhi:d(ə)niz(ə)m, ˈhe-/ n.  1  belief in pleasure as the highest good and humankind's proper aim 享乐主义 2  behaviour based on this 享乐行为 □ hedonist  n.  □ hedonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [Greek hēdonē ‘pleasure’]

-hedron /ˈhi:drən, ˈhed-/ comb. form (pl. -hedra or -hedrons)  forming nouns denoting geometrical solids with various numbers or shapes of faces (dodecahedron 十二面体 ; rhombohedron 菱面体) [构词成分]…面体 □ -hedral  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Greek hedra ‘seat’]

heebie-jeebies /hi:biˈdʒi:biz/ n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the) slang  a state of nervous depression or anxiety [俚语]精神抑郁(或不安) [20th c.: origin unknown]

heed /hi:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  attend to; take notice of 注意，留意 ●n.  careful attention 注意，留意 [Old English hēdan, from West Germanic]

heedful /ˈhi:dfʊl/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  mindful, attentive; careful, cautious 注意的，留意的；小心的 □ heedfully  adv.  □ heedfulness  n.  

heedless /ˈhi:dlis/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  inattentive, regardless; careless 不注意的；掉以轻心的；缺乏考虑的  went out, heedless of the rain  即使下雨也出去了 □ headlessly  adv.  □ heedlessness  n.  

hee-haw /ˈhi:hɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  the bray of a donkey 驴的叫声 ●v. intr.  emit a braying sound (驴)发出叫声 [imitative]

heel1 /hi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the back part of the foot below the ankle 足跟 2  the corresponding part in vertebrate animals (四肢动物的)蹄踵 3  a  the part of a sock etc. covering the heel 袜底b  the part of a shoe or boot supporting the heel 鞋后跟 4  a thing like a heel in form or position, e.g. the part of the palm next to the wrist, the end of a violin bow at which it is held, or the part of a golf club near where the head joins the shaft 踵状物(如掌根、琴弓的弓根及高尔夫球棍的棒杆弯头等) 5  the crust of a loaf of bread or the rind of a cheese 面包皮；奶酪皮 6 colloq.  a person regarded with contempt or disapproval [口]卑鄙的人；可恶的人 7 (as 作 int.)  a command to a dog to walk close to its owner's heel 命令狗走到主人脚边 ●v.  1 tr.  fit or renew a heel on (a shoe or boot) 钉鞋跟 2 intr.  touch the ground with the heel as in dancing 跳舞时后跟着地 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out) Rugby  pass the ball with the heel 【英式橄榄球】后跟传球 4 tr. Golf  strike (the ball) with the heel of the club 【高尔夫球】用棒杆弯头击球 □ at heel   1 (of a dog) close behind (指狗)紧跟在后 2 (of a person etc.) under control (指人等)受控制□ at (or on) the heels of   following closely after (a person or event) 紧跟在(人或事件的)后面□ cool (or Brit. [英] kick) one's heels   be kept waiting 久久等待□ down at heel   1 (of a shoe) with the heel worn down (鞋)跟磨掉了 2 (of a person) shabby (指人)穿着破烂的□ take to one's heels   run away 逃走□ to heel   1 (of a dog) close behind (指狗)紧跟在后 2 (of a person etc.) under control (指人等)受控制□ turn on one's heel   turn sharply round 急向后转□ heelless  adj.   [Old English hēla, hla, from Germanic]

heel2 /hi:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a ship etc.) lean over owing to the pressure of wind or an uneven load (cf. 参见 LIST2 v.) (指船因风力或载货不均等)倾侧 2 tr.  cause (a ship etc.) to do this 使(船等)倾侧 ●n.  the act or amount of heeling 倾侧；倾侧度 [probably via obsolete heeld, hield ‘incline’ from Old English hieldan, Old Saxon -heldian, from Germanic]

heel3 /hi:l/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  set (a plant) in the ground and cover its roots 植树 [Old English helian from Germanic]

heelball /ˈhi:lbɔ:l/ n.  1  a mixture of hard wax and lampblack used by shoemakers for polishing (鞋匠用的)上光蜡(蜡和灯黑的混合物) 2  this or a similar mixture used in brass rubbing (拓印用的)蜡墨摹拓丸

heeltap /ˈhi:ltæp/ n.  1  a layer of leather in a shoe heel 鞋跟皮层 2  liquor left at the bottom of a glass after drinking 杯中残酒

heft /heft/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  lift (something heavy), esp. to judge its weight 举起(重物)以掂重量 ●n. dial. or N. Amer.  weight, heaviness [方] [北美]重量；分量 [probably from HEAVE, on the pattern of cleft, weft]

hefty /ˈhefti/ adj. (heftier, heftiest)  1 (of a person) big and strong (指人)粗壮的；高大健壮的 2 (of a thing) large, heavy, powerful (指物)大的；重的；有力的 □ heftily  adv.  □ heftiness  n.  

Hegelian /heiˈɡi:liən, hi-, -ˈɡeil-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel (d. 1831) or his philosophy of objective idealism 黑格尔(的) (德国哲学家，卒于 1831 年，提出客观唯心主义哲学) ●n.  an adherent of Hegel or his philosophy 黑格尔派哲学家 □ Hegelianism  n.  

hegemonic /hedʒiˈmɒnik, heɡi-/ adj.  ruling, supreme 霸权的；支配的，最高的 [Greek hēgemonikos (as HEGEMONY)]

hegemony /hiˈdʒeməni, -ˈɡe-/ n.  leadership or dominance, esp. by one state of a confederacy (尤指国家集团的)霸权；领导权 [Greek hēgemonia, via hēgemōn ‘leader’ from hēgeomai ‘lead’]

Hegira /ˈhedʒirə/ n. (also 亦作 Hejira, Hijra /ˈhidʒrə/)  1  a  Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622 (公元 622 年)穆罕默德从麦加到麦地那的逃亡b  the Muslim era reckoned from this date 回教纪元 2 (作 hegira)  a general exodus or departure (成群)逃走，出离 [medieval Latin hegira from Arabic hijra ‘departure from one's country’, from hajara ‘separate’]

heifer /ˈhefə/ n.  1  a female domestic bovine animal that has not borne a calf, or has borne only one calf cf. 参见 COW1 1c 小母牛 2 Brit. slang offens.  a woman [英] [俚语] [贬]妇女 [Old English heahfore]

heigh /hei/ int.  expressing encouragement or enquiry 嗨！(表示鼓励或询问) [imitative]

heigh-ho /heiˈhəʊ/ int.  expressing boredom, resignation, etc. 嗨嗬！(表示厌烦，顺从等)

height /hait/ n.  1  the measurement from base to top or (of a standing person) from head to foot 高；高度 2  the elevation above ground or a recognized level (usu. sea level) 海拔 3  any considerable elevation 相当高的距离  situated at a height  位于离地相当高的地方 4  a  a high place or area 高处；高地b  rising ground 山 5  the top of something 顶部，顶端；顶点 6 Printing  the distance from the foot to the face of type 【印刷】字身高低 7  a  the most intense part or period of anything 最激烈的部分；最紧张的时刻  the battle was at its height  激战中b  an extreme instance or example 极品  the height of fashion  最时髦的服装 [Old English hēhthu, from Germanic]

heighten /ˈhait(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become higher or more intense 加强，增高；增加

height of land n. N. Amer.  a watershed [北美]分水岭

heinous /ˈheinəs, ˈhi:nəs/ adj. (of a crime or criminal) utterly odious or wicked (指罪行或罪犯)可憎的；极恶的 □ heinously  adv.  □ heinousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French haïneus, ultimately from haïr ‘to hate’, from Frankish]

heir /ɛə/ n.  1  a person entitled to property or rank as the legal successor of its former owner 继承人 often foll. by 常后跟 to: heir to the throne  王位继承人 2  a person deriving or morally entitled to some thing, quality, etc., from a predecessor (从前人身上继承某种特质等的)继承者，承袭者 □ heirdom  n.  □ heirless  adj.  □ heirship  n.   [Middle English via Old French eir and Late Latin herem from Latin heres -edis]

heir apparent n. (pl. heirs apparent)  an heir whose claim cannot be set aside by the birth of another heir 有确定继承权的人■Usage 用法说明 Note that heir apparent does not mean ‘seeming heir’. 注意 heir apparent 没有“似乎是继承人”的意思。 

heir-at-law n. (pl. heirs-at-law)  an heir by right of blood, esp. to the real property of an intestate 法定继承人

heiress /ˈɛəris, ɛəˈres/ n.  a female heir, esp. to wealth or high title 女继承人(尤指继承财产或贵族头衔)

heirloom /ˈɛəlu:m/ n.  1  a piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations 传家宝 2  a piece of property received as part of an inheritance 动产继承物 [HEIR + LOOM1 in the sense ‘tool’]

heir presumptive n. (pl. heirs presumptive)  an heir whose claim may be set aside by the birth of another heir 假定继承人

Heisenberg uncertainty principle  see 见 UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE 

heist /haist/ n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n.  a robbery 强夺；抢劫 ●v. tr.  rob 拦劫；抢劫 [representing a local pronunciation of HOIST]

hei-tiki /heiˈtiki/ n. NZ  a greenstone neck ornament worn by Maoris [新]毛利人的绿玉颈饰 [Maori from hei ‘hang’, TIKI]

Hejira var.  of HEGIRA  HEGIRA 的变体

HeLa cell /ˈhi:lə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a human epithelial cell of a strain maintained in tissue culture since 1951 and used in research esp. in virology 海拉细胞 (1951 年起在组织培养液中提取的人的宫颈癌传代细胞，并用于研究中，尤用于病毒学研究) [from the name of Henrietta Lacks, whose cervical carcinoma provided the original cells]

held past and past part.  of HOLD1 

Heldentenor /ˈheld(ə)ntenɔ:/ n.  1  a powerful tenor voice suitable for heroic roles in opera 英雄男高音 2  a singer with this voice 英雄男高音歌手 [German, from Held ‘hero’]

Helen /ˈhelin/   海伦 [人名]

helenium /heˈli:niəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Helenium (daisy family), with flowers having prominent central discs 雏菊属植物(菊科，花中央为盘状) [modern Latin from Greek helenion, possibly commemorating Helen of Troy]

heli- /ˈheli/ comb. form  helicopter (heliport 直升机机场) [构词成分]直升飞机

heliacal /hiˈlaiək(ə)l/ adj. Astron.  relating to or near the sun 【天】太阳的；靠近太阳的 [Late Latin heliacus from Greek hēliakos, from hēlios ‘sun’]

heliacal rising n. (also 亦作 heliacal setting)  the first rising (or setting) of a star after (or before) a period of invisibility due to conjunction with the sun 偕日升(落)

helianthemum /hi:liˈænθiməm/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Helianthemum, with saucer-shaped flowers Also called 亦称作 ROCK ROSE 半日花属植物(开碟状花) [modern Latin, from Greek hēlios ‘sun’ + anthemon ‘flower’]

helianthus /hi:liˈænθəs/ n.  any plant of the genus Helianthus, including the sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke 向日葵属植物(如向日葵和洋姜) [modern Latin, from Greek hēlios ‘sun’ + anthos ‘flower’]

helical /ˈhelik(ə)l, ˈhi:-/ adj.  having the form of a helix 螺旋状的 □ helically  adv.  □ helicoid  adj. & n.  

helices pl.  of HELIX  

helichrysum /heliˈkraisəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Helichrysum (daisy family), with flowers retaining their appearance when dried 蜡菊属植物(雏菊科，花干后仍保持原状) [Latin from Greek helikhrusos, from helix ‘spiral’ + khrusos ‘gold’]

helicity /hi:ˈlisiti/ n.  1 esp. Biochem.  helical character (尤)【生化】螺旋性(度) 2 Physics  a combination of the spin and the linear motion of a subatomic particle 【物理学】螺旋性 [HELICAL + -ITY]

helicon /ˈhelik(ə)n/ n.  a large spiral bass tuba played encircling the player's head and resting on the shoulder 海力空低音大号(斜套在肩上吹奏) [Latin from Greek Helikōn, the name of a mountain sacred to the Muses: later associated with HELIX]

helicopter /ˈhelikɒptə/ n. & v. ●n.  a type of aircraft obtaining lift and propulsion from horizontally revolving overhead blades or rotors, and capable of moving vertically and horizontally 直升飞机 ●v. tr. & intr.  transport or fly by helicopter 用直升飞机载送 [French hélicoptère, from Greek helix (see HELIX) + pteron ‘wing’]

helio- /ˈhi:liəʊ/ comb. form  the sun [构词成分]太阳 [Greek hēlios ‘sun’]

heliocentric /ˌhi:liə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  1  regarding the sun as centre 以太阳为中心的；日心的 2  considered as viewed from the sun's centre 从日心观察的 □ heliocentrically  adv.  

heliogram /ˈhi:liə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a message sent by heliograph 日光电报信息

heliograph /ˈhi:liə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a signalling apparatus reflecting sunlight in flashes from a movable mirror 日光反射信号器b  a message sent by means of this; a heliogram 日光电报信息 2  an apparatus for photographing the sun 太阳照相仪 3  an engraving obtained chemically by exposure to light 日光胶版 ●v. tr.  send (a message) by heliograph 用日光反射信号器发射(信息) □ heliography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

heliogravure /ˌhi:liəʊɡræˈvjʊə/ n.  = PHOTOGRAVURE 

heliolithic /ˌhi:liəˈliθik/ adj. (of a civilization) characterized by sun-worship and megaliths 立巨石崇拜太阳的(一种文明)

heliometer /hi:liˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument used for finding the angular distance between two stars (originally used for measuring the diameter of the sun) 量日仪(用以测量天体的间距，原用来测量太阳直径)

heliostat /ˈhi:liəstæt/ n.  an apparatus with a mirror driven by clockwork to reflect sunlight in a fixed direction 日光反射装置 □ heliostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.  

heliotherapy /ˌhi:liə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the therapeutic use of sunlight 日光浴治疗法

heliotrope /ˈhi:liətrəʊp, ˈhel-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Heliotropium (borage family), with fragrant purple flowers 天芥菜属植物(开紫色花，有香味)b  the scent of these 天芥菜花的香味 2 (作 winter heliotrope)  a plant of the daisy family, Petasites fragrans, which produces fragrant lilac flowers in winter 冬紫罗兰(冬天开淡紫色的花，有香味) 3  a light purple colour 浅紫色 4  bloodstone 鸡血石 ●adj.  light purple 浅紫色的 [Latin heliotropium from Greek hēliotropion ‘plant turning its flowers to the sun’, from hēlios ‘sun’ + -tropos from trepō ‘turn’]

heliotropism /ˌhi:liə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m/ n.  the directional growth of a plant in response to sunlight (cf. 参见 PHOTOTROPISM) (植物的)向日性；趋日性 □ heliotropic  /ˌhi:liəˈtrɒpik/ adj.  

heliotype /ˈhi:liətaip/ n.  a picture obtained from a sensitized gelatin film exposed to light 胶版画

helipad /ˈhelipæd/ n.  a landing pad for helicopters 直升机降落场；直升机停机坪

heliport /ˈhelipɔ:t/ n.  a place where helicopters take off and land 直升飞机场 [HELI-, on the pattern of airport]

heli-skiing /ˈheliski:iŋ/ n.  skiing in which transport up the mountain is by helicopter 由直升机送上山顶的滑雪

helium /ˈhi:liəm/ n. Chem.  a colourless light inert gaseous element occurring in deposits of natural gas, used in airships and as a refrigerant (symbol 符 He) 【化】(化学元素)氦 [Greek hēlios ‘sun’ (having been first identified in the sun's atmosphere)]

helix /ˈhi:liks/ n. (pl. helices /ˈhi:lisi:z, ˈhel-/)  1  a spiral curve (like a corkscrew) or a coiled curve (like a watch spring) 螺旋形(像螺丝锥)；卷线形(像表的发条) 2 Geom.  a curve that cuts a line on a solid cone or cylinder, at a constant angle with the axis 【几】螺旋线 3 Archit.  a spiral ornament 【建】螺旋饰 4 Anat.  the rim of the external ear 【解】耳轮 [Latin helix -icis from Greek helix -ikos]

he'll /hi:l, hil/ contr. [缩合]  he will; he shall 

hell /hel/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the abode of the dead; in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic belief, the place of punishment or torment where the souls of the damned are confined after death 地狱，冥府，阴间 2  a place or state of misery or wickedness 苦境，邪恶的地方 ●int.  an exclamation of surprise or annoyance 见鬼，该死(表示惊讶或烦恼) □ beat (or knock etc.) the hell out of  colloq.  beat etc. without restraint [口]痛击；猛击□ come hell or high water   no matter what the difficulties 无论困难多大□ for the hell of it  colloq.  for fun [口]仅仅为了取乐；好玩□ get (or catch) hell  colloq.  be severely scolded or punished [口]被痛骂；受重罚□ give a person hell  colloq.  scold or punish or make things difficult for a person [口]申斥；惩罚；使处于困境□ the hell  (usu. prec. by 通常前接 what, where, who, etc.)  expressing anger, disbelief, etc. 究竟(表示愤怒，不相信等)  who the hell is this?  这究竟是谁？ the hell you are!  你真该死！□ hell for leather   at full speed 尽快地□ a (or one) hell of a  colloq.  an outstanding example of [口]极其的  a hell of a mess  太乱了 one hell of a party  极精彩的舞会□ hell to pay   great trouble, resulting from a previous action (先前行为导致的)大麻烦，苦头□ like hell  colloq. [口]  1  not at all 决不；肯定不 2  recklessly, exceedingly 拼命地；过度地；猛烈地□ not a hope in hell  colloq.  no chance at all [口]没有一点机会；决不可能□ play hell (or Brit. [英] merry hell) with  colloq.  be upsetting or disruptive to [口]给…制造麻烦；破坏，毁坏□ what the hell  colloq.  it is of no importance [口]不重要；没有关系，不在乎□ hell-like  adj.  □ hellward  adv. & adj.  向着地狱地(的) [Old English hel, hell, from Germanic]

hellacious /heˈleiʃəs/ adj. US slang  hellish; tremendous [美] [俚语]地狱般的，可怕的；极大的 □ hellaciously  adv.   [HELL + -acious, perhaps suggested by BODACIOUS]

Helladic /heˈlædik/ adj.  of or belonging to the Bronze Age culture of mainland Greece 希腊青铜时代文化的 [Greek Helladikos from Hellas -ados ‘Greece’]

hellbender /ˈhelbendə/ n.  a large N. American salamander, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis 北美鲵鱼 [HELL + BEND1 + -ER1]

hell-bent adj. (foll. by 后跟 on)  recklessly determined 决意的；破釜沉舟的，不顾一切的

hell-cat n.  a spiteful violent woman 悍妇，泼妇，恶妇

hellebore /ˈhelibɔ:/ n.  1  any evergreen plant of the genus Helleborus (buttercup family), having large white, green, or purplish flowers, e.g. the Christmas rose 嚏根草属植物(开白色、绿色或紫色大花，如圣诞玫瑰) 2  a plant of the lily family, Veratrum album 藜芦属植物 3 hist.  any of various plants supposed to cure madness [史义]用于治疗疯狂症的各种植物 [Middle English via Old French ellebre, elebore or medieval Latin eleborus from Latin elleborus, from Greek (h)elleboros]

helleborine /ˈhelibəri:n, -rain/ n.  any orchid of the genus Epipactis or Cephalanthera 火烧兰 [French or Latin helleborine from Greek helleborinē ‘plant like hellebore’ (as HELLEBORE)]

Hellene /ˈheli:n/ n.  1  a native of modern Greece 现代希腊公民，希腊人 2  an ancient Greek 古希腊人 □ Hellenic  /heˈlenik, -ˈli:nik/ adj.   [Greek Hellēn ‘a Greek’]

Hellenism /ˈheliniz(ə)m/ n.  1  Greek character or culture (esp. of ancient Greece) 希腊风格或文化(尤指古希腊) 2  the study or imitation of Greek culture 对希腊文化的研究(或效仿) □ Hellenize  v. tr. & intr. (also -ise)  □ Hellenization  /-naiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek hellēnismos from hellēnizō ‘speak Greek, make Greek’ (as HELLENE)]

Hellenist /ˈhelinist/ n.  an expert on or admirer of Greek language or culture 希腊语言或文化专家；希腊语言或文化崇拜者 [Greek Hellēnistēs (as HELLENISM)]

Hellenistic /heliˈnistik/ adj.  of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the time of Augustus (4th － 1st c. BC) 有关希腊历史、语言和文化的(从公元前 4 世纪亚历山大大帝去世到公元前 1 世纪奥古斯都时期)

hellfire /ˈhelfaiə/ n.  the fire or fires regarded as existing in hell 地狱之火；炼狱火

hellgrammite /ˈhelɡrəmait/ n. US  an aquatic larva of an American fly, Corydalus cornutus, often used as fishing bait [美]具角鱼蛉(常用作鱼饵) [19th c.: origin unknown]

hell-hole n.  an oppressive or unbearable place 受压抑或无法忍受的地方；地狱般可怕的地方

hell-hound n.  a fiend 恶魔

hellion /ˈheljən/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a mischievous or troublesome person, esp. a child [北美口]恶作剧的人；惹是生非的人；捣蛋鬼(尤指孩子) [perhaps from dialect hallion ‘a worthless fellow’, assimilated to HELL]

hellish /ˈheliʃ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or like hell 地狱的；地狱般的 2 colloq.  extremely difficult or unpleasant [口]极其困难的；十分不愉快的 ●adv. Brit. colloq. (as an intensifier 加强语气)  extremely [英口]绝对地；极度地  hellish expensive  太贵了 □ hellishly  adv.  □ hellishness  n.  

hello /həˈləʊ, he-/ int., n. & v. (also 亦作 hullo, esp. Brit. [尤英] hallo) ●int.  1  a  an expression of informal greeting, or esp. Brit. of surprise 哈罗，喂(非正式的问候)；[尤英]嘿(表示惊讶)b  used to begin a telephone conversation 喂！ (用于开始电话交谈) 2  a cry used to call attention 喂(用于引起人们的注意) ●n. (pl. -os)  a cry of ‘hello’ “喂”的招呼声 ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  cry ‘hello’ [variant of earlier HOLLO] 喊“喂”；呼唤；招呼

hellraiser /ˈhelreizə/ n.  a person who causes trouble or creates chaos 找麻烦的人；惹是生非的人 □ hellraising  adj. & n.  

Hell's Angel n.  a member of a gang of male motorcycle enthusiasts notorious for outrageous and violent behaviour 地狱天使(男性摩托车骑手结成帮伙驾车横冲直撞)

helm1 /helm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tiller or wheel by which a ship's rudder is controlled 舵柄；舵；驾驶盘 2  the amount by which this is turned 舵转角度，舵角  more helm needed  需要更大的舵角 ●v. tr.  steer or guide as if with a helm 驾驶；指导；领导 □ at the helm   in control; at the head (of an organization etc.) 控制；领导 [Old English helma, probably related to HELVE]

helm2 /helm/ n. archaic  helmet [古义]头盔 □ helmed  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

helmet /ˈhelmit/ n.  1  any of various protective head coverings worn by soldiers, police officers, firefighters, divers, motorcyclists, etc. 头盔，钢盔 2 Bot.  the arched upper part of the corolla in some flowers 【植】盔状花冠 3  the shell of a gastropod mollusc of the genus Cassis, used in jewellery 腹足纲动物的壳(常用于珠宝饰物) □ helmeted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of helme, from West Germanic (as HELM2)]

helminth /ˈhelminθ/ n.  any of various parasitic worms including flukes, tapeworms, and nematodes 寄生虫；蠕虫 □ helminthic  /-ˈminθik/ adj.  □ helminthoid  /-ˈminθɔid/ adj.  □ helminthology  /-minˈθɒlədʒi/ n.   [Greek helmins -inthos ‘intestinal worm’]

helminthiasis /helminˈθaiəsis/ n.  a disease characterized by the presence of any of several parasitic worms in the body 肠虫病，蠕虫病

helmsman /ˈhelmzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a steersman 舵手；操舵手

helot /ˈhelət/ n.  a serf, esp. (作 Helot) of a class in ancient Sparta 农奴(大写时尤指古斯巴达的农奴) □ helotism  n.  □ helotry  n.   [Latin helotes (pl.) from Greek heilōtes, -ōtai, erroneously taken as = inhabitants of Helos, a Laconian town]

help /help/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  provide (a person etc.) with the means towards what is needed or sought 帮助；帮忙  helped me with my work  帮我做功课 helped me (to) pay my debts  帮我还账 2 (foll. by 后跟 up, down, etc.)  assist or give support to (a person) in moving etc. as specified 援助，协助…做某事  helped her into the chair  扶她坐在椅子上 helped him on with his coat  帮他穿上外衣 3 (often absol. [常含宾])  be of use or service to (a person) 促进；有助于  does that help?  那有用吗？ 4  contribute to alleviating (a pain or difficulty) 减轻；缓解(疼痛或困难) 5  prevent or remedy 阻止；补救  it can't be helped  我也无能为力 6 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  a  refrain from 避免；忍住  can't help it  无能为力 could not help laughing  忍不住笑了b refl.  refrain from acting 克制  couldn't help himself  无法控制自己 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  serve (a person with food) (用食物)招待(某人)  shall I help you to greens?  你想吃些蔬菜吗？ ●n.  1  the act of helping or being helped 帮助，帮忙  we need your help  我们需要你的帮助 came to our help  来帮我们 2  a person or thing that helps 助手，帮手；助力 3  a domestic servant or employee, or several collectively 用人，仆人 4  a remedy or escape 补救办法；防止方式  there is no help for it  没有办法了 □ help oneself  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  serve oneself (with food etc.) 自己享用，自取(饭菜等) 2  take without seeking help or permission 擅自取用□ help a person out   give a person help, esp. in difficulty 帮助(某人)脱离困境□ so help me (or help me God)  (as an invocation or oath) I am speaking the truth (用于祈祷或发誓)我讲的是真的□ helper  n.   [Old English helpan, from Germanic]

helpful /ˈhelpfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  giving help; useful 有帮助的；有用的 2  obliging 愿意帮忙的 □ helpfully  adv.  □ helpfulness  n.  

helping /ˈhelpiŋ/ n.  a portion of food, esp. at a meal (尤指就餐时的)一份食物

helping hand n.  assistance 协助

helpless /ˈhelplis/ adj.  1  lacking help or protection; defenceless 没有帮助的，缺乏保护的；无助的 2  unable to act without help 有依赖性的；不能自立的 □ helplessly  adv.  □ helplessness  n.  

helpline /ˈhelplain/ n.  a telephone service providing help with problems 咨询热线(提供帮助的电话服务)

helpmate /ˈhelpmeit/ n.  a helpful companion or partner (usu. a husband or wife) 助手，伴侣，搭档(通常指丈夫或妻子)

Helsinki /ˈhelsiŋki/ n.  赫尔辛基 [芬兰首都]

helter-skelter /heltəˈskeltə/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  in disorderly haste; confusedly 仓促忙乱地；混乱地，杂乱地 ●adj.  characterized by disorderly haste or confusion; disorganized, confused 仓促忙乱的；杂乱的；无组织的 ●n. Brit.  a tall spiral slide round a tower, at a fairground or funfair [英] (游乐场内的)螺旋滑梯 [imitative, originally in a rhyming jingle, perhaps from Middle English skelte ‘hasten’]

helve /helv/ n.  the handle of a weapon or a tool (武器或工具的)把，柄 [Old English helfe, from West Germanic]

Helvetian /helˈvi:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  Swiss 瑞士的 ●n.  a native of Switzerland 瑞士人 [Latin Helvetia ‘Switzerland’]

hem1 /hem/ n. & v. ●n.  the border of a piece of cloth, esp. a cut edge turned under and sewn down (布的)贴边，褶边；折线 ●v. tr. (hemmed, hemming)  turn down and sew in the edge of (a piece of cloth etc.) (给布料等)封边 □ hem in   confine; restrict the movement of 包围；限制 [Old English, perhaps related to dialect ham ‘enclosure’]

hem2 /həm, hem/ int., n. & v. ●int.  attracting attention or expressing hesitation by a slight cough or clearing of the throat 哼，嗯(轻咳或清嗓声，以吸引注意力或表示犹豫) ●n.  an utterance of this 哼 ●v. intr. (hemmed, hemming)  say hem; hesitate in speech 发哼声；讲话时犹豫 □ hem and haw   = hum and haw (see 见 HUM1)  [imitative]

hemal US var.  of HAEMAL [美] HAEMAL 的变体

he-man n. (pl. -men)  a masterful or virile man, esp. ostentatiously so 男子汉；具阳刚之气的男人(尤指卖弄)

hemato- US var.  of HAEMATO- [美] HAEMATO- 的变体

heme US var.  of HAEM [美] HAEM 的变体

hemerocallis /hem(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈkælis/ n.  = DAY LILY  [Latin hemerocalles from Greek hēmerokalles, a kind of lily, from hēmera ‘day’ + kallos ‘beauty’]

hemi- /ˈhemi/ comb. form  half [构词成分]半，一半 [Greek hēmi- = Latin semi-: see SEMI-]

-hemia  see 见 -AEMIA 

hemianopsia /hemiəˈnɒpsiə/ n. (also 亦作 hemianopia /hemiəˈnəʊpiə/)  blindness over half the field of vision 偏盲

hemicellulose /hemiˈseljʊləʊz, -s/ n.  any of various polysaccharides forming the matrix of plant cell walls in which cellulose is embedded 半纤维素 [German (as HEMI-, CELLULOSE)]

hemichordate /hemiˈkɔ:deit/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a wormlike marine invertebrate of the phylum Hemichordata, comprising the acorn worms, possessing a notochord in the larval stage 半索动物(一种无脊椎的海生动物，如橡树虫，在幼虫时期长有脊索) ●adj.  of or relating to this phylum 半索动物的

hemicycle /ˈhemisaik(ə)l/ n.  a semicircular figure 半圆形

hemidemisemiquaver /ˈhemidemiˌsemikweivə/ n. Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of half a demisemiquaver and represented by a large dot with a four-hooked stem [英]【音】六十四分音符

hemihedral /hemiˈhi:dr(ə)l/ adj. Crystallog.  having half the number of planes required for symmetry of the holohedral form 【晶】半面的

hemiplegia /hemiˈpli:dʒə/ n. Med.  paralysis of one side of the body 【医】偏瘫，半身麻痹，半身不遂 □ hemiplegic  n. & adj.   [modern Latin from Greek hēmiplēgia ‘paralysis’ (as HEMI-, plēgē ‘stroke’)]

hemipterous /heˈmipt(ə)rəs/ adj.  of the insect order Hemiptera including aphids, bugs, and cicadas, with piercing or sucking mouthparts 半翅类的 [HEMI- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

hemisphere /ˈhemisfiə/ n.  1  half of a sphere 半球 2  a half of the earth, esp. as divided by the equator (into northern and southern hemisphere) or by an imaginary line passing through the poles (into eastern and western hemisphere) (地球的)半球(尤指赤道将其分为北半球和南半球或穿过两极的假想线将其分为东半球和西半球) □ hemispheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.  □ hemispherical  /-ˈsferik(ə)l/ adj.   [Old French emisphere & Latin hemisphaerium from Greek hēmisphaira (as HEMI-, SPHERE)]

hemistich /ˈhemistik/ n.  half of a line of verse (诗的)半句；半行诗 [Late Latin hemistichium from Greek hēmistikhion (as HEMI-, stikhion from stikhos ‘line’)]

hemline /ˈhemlain/ n.  the line or level of the lower edge of a skirt, dress, or coat 底缘，底边

hemlock /ˈhemlɒk/ n.  1  a  a poisonous umbelliferous plant, Conium maculatum, with fernlike leaves and small white flowers 芹叶钩吻；毒芹属植物(有毒的伞状花科植物，蕨叶状叶子，开小白花)b  a poisonous potion obtained from this 芹叶钩吻提炼的毒药 2 (in full 全称 hemlock fir or spruce)  a  any coniferous tree of the genus Tsuga, having foliage that smells like hemlock when crushed 铁杉(一种松树，树叶压汁后味似芹叶钩吻)b  the timber or pitch of these trees 铁杉木材；铁杉树脂 [Old English hymlic(e)]

hemo- comb. form US var.  of HAEMO- [构词成分] [美] HAEMO- 的变体

hemp /hemp/ n.  1 (in full 全称 Indian hemp)  a herbaceous plant, Cannabis sativa, native to Asia 大麻(草本植物，产于亚洲) 2  its fibre extracted from the stem and used to make rope and stout fabrics 大麻纤维 3  any of several narcotic drugs made from the hemp plant, esp. marijuana or cannabis 麻醉剂 4  any of several other plants yielding fibre, including Manila hemp and sunn hemp (产纤维的)大麻类植物 [Old English henep, hœnep from Germanic: related to Greek kannabis]

hemp agrimony n.  a plant of the daisy family, Eupatorium cannabinum, with pale purple flowers and hairy leaves 大麻叶泽兰(雏菊科，开淡紫色的花，发状叶子)

hempen /ˈhempən/ adj.  made from hemp 由大麻制成的

hemp-nettle n.  any of various nettle-like plants of the genus Galeopsis 鼬瓣花(似荨麻的植物)

hemstitch /ˈhemstitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a decorative stitch used in sewing hems 花饰线迹；抽丝线迹 ●v. tr.  hem with this stitch 用抽丝法沿边刺绣

hen /hen/ n.  1  a  a female bird, esp. of a domestic fowl 母鸡(尤指家禽)b (in pl. 用复数)  domestic fowls of either sex 家禽 2  a female lobster or crab or salmon 雌龙虾；母螃蟹；雌鲑鱼 [Old English henn, from West Germanic]

hen and chickens n.  any of several plants producing additional small flower heads or offshoots, esp. the houseleek 屋顶长生花(尤指石莲花)

henbane /ˈhenbein/ n.  1  a poisonous herbaceous plant, Hyoscyamus niger, with sticky hairy leaves and an unpleasant smell 莨菪(有毒草本植物，黏性发状叶子，味道难闻) 2  a narcotic drug obtained from this 莨菪提取的麻醉品

hence /hens/ adv.  1  from this time 从现在；从此  two years hence  此后两年 2  for this reason; as a result of inference 因此；所以  hence we seem to be wrong  因此我们似乎错了 3 archaic  from here; from this place [古义]从这地方 [Middle English hens, hennes, henne from Old English heonan, ultimately from the Germanic root of HE]

henceforth /hensˈfɔ:θ, ˈhensfɔ:θ/ adv. (also 亦作 henceforward /-ˈfɔ:wəd/)  from this time onwards 从今以后，从此以后

henchman /ˈhen(t)ʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 often derog.  a trusted supporter or attendant [常贬]亲信，心腹；支持者，追随者 2 hist.  a squire; a page of honour [史义]侍从；听差 3 (in Scotland) the principal attendant of a Highland chief (苏格兰高地长官的)首席侍从 [Middle English henxman, hengestman from Old English hengst ‘male horse’]

hen-coop n.  a coop for keeping fowls in 鸡棚；养家禽的笼子

hendeca- /ˈhendekə, henˈdekə/ comb. form  eleven [构词成分]十一 [Greek hendeka ‘eleven’]

hendecagon /henˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with eleven sides and angles 十一角形；十一边形

hendiadys /henˈdaiədis/ n.  the expression of an idea by two words connected with ‘and’, instead of one modifying the other, e.g. nice and warm for nicely warm 重名法；二词一意(用 and 连接两个词以代替一词加上修饰词的表达方法，如用 nice and warm 代替 nicely warm) [medieval Latin, from Greek hen dia duoin ‘one thing by two’]

henequen /ˈheniken/ n.  1  a Mexican agave, Agave fourcroydes (墨西哥的)龙舌兰属植物 2  the sisal-like fibre obtained from this 灰叶剑麻 [Spanish jeniquen, from the local name]

henge /hen(d)ʒ/ n.  a prehistoric monument consisting of a circle of stone or wood uprights 史前环形石阵或木结构的纪念碑 [back-formation from Stonehenge, such a monument in S. England]

hen harrier n.  a common harrier, Circus cyaneus, of open country and moorland 白尾鹞(生于旷野和沼泽)

hen house n.  a small shed for fowls to roost in 鸡舍；家禽的棚舍

henna /ˈhenə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tropical shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having small pink, red, or white flowers 指甲花；散沫花属(开粉色、红色或白色小花) 2  the reddish dye from its shoots and leaves, esp. used to colour hair 红色指甲花染料(尤用于染发) ●v. tr. (hennaed, hennaing)  dye (hair) with henna 用指甲花染料染(头发) [Arabic ḥinnɑˉ']

henotheism /ˈhenəʊˌθi:iz(ə)m/ n.  belief in or adoption of a particular god in a polytheistic system as the god of a tribe, class, etc. 单一主神教(承认众神的存在，但只崇拜其中一个神) [Greek heis henos ‘one’ + theos ‘god’]

hen-party n. colloq. often derog.  a social gathering of women [口] [常贬]妇女聚会

henpeck /ˈhenpek/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 henpecked adj.) (of a woman) constantly harass (a man, esp. her husband) (指妇女)管治(男人，尤指丈夫)

Henrietta /ˌhenriˈetə/   亨里埃塔 [人名]

hen-roost n.  a place where fowls roost at night 鸡窝

hen-run n. Brit.  an enclosure for fowls [英]养鸡场

Henry /ˈhenri/   亨利 [人名]

henry /ˈhenri/ n. (pl. -ies or henrys) Electr.  the SI unit of inductance which gives an electromotive force of one volt in a closed circuit with a uniform rate of change of current of one ampere per second (abbr. 缩略 : H) 【电】亨利(电感单位) [named after J. Henry, American physicist d. 1878]

heortology /hiɔ:ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of Church festivals 宗教节日学 [German Heortologie, French héortologie, from Greek heortē ‘feast’]

hep1 var.  of HIP3  HIP3 的变体

hep2 var.  of HIP2  HIP2 的变体

heparin /ˈhepərin/ n. Biochem.  a sulphur-containing polysaccharide found in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation and is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis 【生化】肝磷脂(用于防治血栓形成) □ heparinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin, from Greek hēpar ‘liver’]

hepatic /hiˈpætik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the liver 肝的 2  dark brownish red; liver-coloured 棕红色的；肝色的 [Middle English via Latin hepaticus from Greek hēpatikos, from hēpar -atos ‘liver’]

hepatica /hiˈpætikə/ n.  any plant of the genus Hepatica, with reddish-brown lobed leaves resembling the liver 獐耳细辛(地钱属植物，红褐色浅裂叶子，似肝脏) [medieval Latin, fem. of hepaticus: see HEPATIC]

hepatitis /hepəˈtaitis/ n.  inflammation of the liver; a disease in which this occurs 肝脏发炎，肝炎 [modern Latin: see HEPATIC]

hepatitis A n.  a form of viral hepatitis transmitted in food, causing fever and jaundice 甲型肝炎

hepatitis B n.  a severe form of viral hepatitis transmitted in infected blood, causing fever, debility, and jaundice 乙型肝炎

hepcat /ˈhepkæt/ n. slang  a stylish or fashionable person, esp. as regards jazz or popular music [俚语]赶时髦者(尤指爵士乐迷或流行音乐迷) [HEP1]

Hepplewhite /ˈhep(ə)lwait/ n.  a light and graceful style of furniture 赫波怀特式(一种轻巧雅致的家具) [named after G. Hepplewhite, English cabinetmaker d. 1786]

hepta- /ˈheptə/ comb. form  seven [构词成分]七 [Greek hepta ‘seven’]

heptad /ˈheptæd/ n.  a group of seven 一组七个 [Greek heptas -ados from hepta ‘seven’]

heptagon /ˈheptəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with seven sides and angles 七边形；七角形 □ heptagonal  /-ˈtæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [French heptagone or medieval Latin heptagonum from Greek (as HEPTA-, -GON)]

heptahedron /heptəˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. heptahedra /-drə/ or heptahedrons)  a solid figure with seven faces 七面体 □ heptahedral  adj.   [HEPTA- + -HEDRON, on the pattern of POLYHEDRON]

heptameter /hepˈtæmitə/ n.  a line or verse of seven metrical feet 七韵步诗行 [Latin heptametrum from Greek (as HEPTA-, -METER)]

heptane /ˈheptein/ n. Chem.  a liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series, obtained from petroleum Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C7H16 【化】庚烷 [HEPTA- + -ANE2]

heptarchy /ˈheptɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  government by seven rulers 七头政治b  an instance of this 七头政府 2 hist.  the supposed seven kingdoms of the Angles and the Saxons in Britain in the 7th － 8th centuries [史义]七王国(指 7 至 8 世纪盎格鲁撒克逊时期的七国并立) □ heptarchic  /-ˈtɑ:kik/ adj.  □ heptarchical  /-ˈtɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.   [HEPTA-, on the pattern of tetrarchy]

Heptateuch /ˈheptətju:k/ n.  the first seven books of the Old Testament 《圣经·旧约》的首 7 卷 [Latin from Greek, from hepta ‘seven’ + teukhos ‘book, volume’]

heptathlon /hepˈtæθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic contest, usu. for women, in which each competitor takes part in seven events 七项全能(通常为妇女的比赛项目) □ heptathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [HEPTA-, on the pattern of DECATHLON]

heptavalent /heptəˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of seven; septivalent 【化】七价的

her /hɜ:, hə/ pron. & poss. det. ●pron.  1 objective case  of SHE 她 (SHE 的宾格)  I like her  我喜欢她 2 archaic & US dial.  herself [古义] [美方]她自己  she fell and hurt her  她跌倒摔伤了自己 ●poss. det.  1  of or belonging to her 她的  her house  她的房子 her own business  她自己的事 2 (作 Her) (in titles 用于称呼)  that she is 荣衔是…的她  Her Majesty  女王陛下(用于间接称呼) □ her indoors  Brit. colloq.  a jocular reference to one's wife [英口]内人，家里的(对自己妻子的诙谐说法) [Old English hi(e)re, dative and genitive of hio, hēo, fem. of HE]■Usage 用法说明 The use of her instead of she after the verb ‘to be’ (as in It's her all right; I am older than her) is considered by some to be grammatically incorrect but is normal in ordinary usage. The notion that the subjective rather than the objective case should be used after ‘to be’ is based partly on logic — the references of the grammatical subject and the complement are the same — and partly on the grammar of languages such as Latin, which are more highly inflected than English, but not on actual English usage. Him, me, them, and us are used similarly, e.g. It's them on the phone again; It's us who will have to pay for it. See also Usage Note at THAN. 有人认为在动词 ‘to be’ 后使用 her 代替 she (如 It's her all right (的确是她)； I am older than her (我比她大)) 不合语法，但这种用法在日常生活中很普遍。 ‘to be’ 后面不用宾格而用主格的观点部分是建立在逻辑基础之上的——语法主语和补语所指相同——部分是建立在像拉丁语这样的语言的语法上的，拉丁语比英语曲折变化更大，但是这一观点在英语的实际应用中并没有体现。 him ， me ， them 和 us 的用法相同，如 It's them on the phone again (又是他们打来的电话)； It's us who will have to pay for it (我们必须付款)。亦见 THAN 的用法说明。 

herald /ˈher(ə)ld/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official messenger bringing news 传令官；通报者 2  a forerunner 先驱；预兆  spring is the herald of summer  春天之后是夏天 3  a hist.  an officer responsible for State ceremonial and etiquette [史义]负责国家仪式和礼节的官员b (in the UK) an official of the Heralds' College (英国)宗谱纹章院官员 ●v. tr.  proclaim the approach of; usher in 宣布；预示  the storm heralded trouble  暴风雨预示着动乱即将来临 [Middle English from Old French herau(l)t, herauder, from Germanic]

heraldic /heˈrældik/ adj.  of or concerning heraldry 纹章的；纹章学的 □ heraldically  adv.   [HERALD]

heraldist /ˈher(ə)ldist/ n.  an expert in heraldry 纹章学家 [HERALD]

heraldry /ˈher(ə)ldri/ n.  1  the science or art of a herald, esp. in dealing with armorial bearings 纹章学 2  heraldic pomp 展示各种纹章的堂皇礼仪 3  armorial bearings 纹章，徽章

Heralds' College n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = COLLEGE OF ARMS 

Herb /hɜ:b/   赫布 [人名]

herb /hɜ:b/ n.  1  any non-woody seed-bearing plant which dies down to the ground after flowering; a herbaceous plant 草本植物 2  any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavouring, food, medicine, scent, etc. 芳草；药草 □ herbiferous  /-ˈbif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ herblike  adj.   [Middle English via Old French erbe from Latin herba ‘grass, green crops, herb’]

herbaceous /hɜ:ˈbeiʃəs/ adj.  of, designating, or relating to herbs (see 见 HERB 1) 草本的 [Latin herbaceus ‘grassy’ (as HERB)]

herbaceous border n.  a garden border containing esp. perennial flowering plants 绿草带

herbaceous perennial n.  a plant whose growth dies down annually but whose roots etc. survive 多年生草本植物

herbage /ˈhɜ:bidʒ/ n.  1  herbaceous vegetation 草本植被 2  the succulent part of this, esp. as pasture (尤指作为牧场的)草场 3 Law  the right of pasture on another person's land 【法律】(在他人草地上的)放牧权 [Middle English via Old French erbage and medieval Latin herbaticum, herbagium ‘right of pasture’ from Latin herba ‘herb, grass’]

herbal /ˈhɜ:b(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of herbs in medicinal and culinary use 草药的；草本植物的 ●n.  a book with descriptions and accounts of the properties of these 草药书；草本植物志 [medieval Latin herbalis (as HERB)]

herbalist /ˈhɜ:b(ə)list/ n.  1  a practitioner of herbal medicine; a dealer in medicinal herbs 草药医师；草药商 2  a collector of or writer on plants, esp. an early botanical writer 草本植物采集者；植物志作者(尤指早期植物学作者) □ herbalism  n.  

herbarium /hɜ:ˈbɛəriəm/ n. (pl. herbaria /-riə/)  1  a systematically arranged collection of dried plants 干燥标本 2  a book, room, or building for these 干燥标本集；存放干燥标本的房间或建筑物 [Late Latin (as HERB)]

herb bennet /ˈbenit/ n.  a common yellow-flowered plant, Geum urbanum 水杨梅(一种开黄花的普通植物) [probably from medieval Latin herba benedicta ‘blessed herb’ (thought of as expelling the Devil)]

herb Christopher /ˈkristəfə/ n.  a white-flowered baneberry, Actaea spicata 类叶升麻(开白色花的有毒植物)

Herbert /ˈhɜ:bət/   赫伯特 [人名]

herb Gerard /ˈdʒerɑ:d/ n.  ground elder 羊角芹

herbicide /ˈhɜ:bisaid/ n.  a substance toxic to plants and used to destroy unwanted vegetation 除莠剂；灭草剂

herbivore /ˈhɜ:bivɔ:/ n.  an animal that feeds on plants 食草动物 □ herbivorous  /-ˈbiv(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin herba ‘herb’ + -VORE (see -VOROUS)]

herb Paris /ˈpæris/ n.  a plant, Paris quadrifolia, with a single flower and four leaves in a cross shape on an unbranched stem 轮叶王孙(独枝茎杆，开单花，有四片成十字型的叶子)

herb Robert /ˈrɒbət/ n.  a common cranesbill, Geranium robertianum, with red-stemmed leaves and pink flowers 老鹳草(天竺葵科，红柄叶子，开粉色的花)

herb tea n.  an infusion of herbs 药草浸剂

herb tobacco n.  a mixture of herbs smoked as a substitute for tobacco 药草烟

herby /ˈhɜ:bi/ adj. (herbier, herbiest)  1  abounding in herbs 多草的；长满草的 2  of the nature of a culinary or medicinal herb (烹调用或药用)草本植物的

Herculean /hɜ:kjʊˈli:ən, hɜ:ˈkju:liən/ adj.  having or requiring great strength or effort 力大无比的；费力的，艰巨的 [Latin Herculeus (as HERCULES)]

Hercules /ˈhɜ:kjʊli:z/ n.  a man of exceptional strength or size 大力王；巨人 [Middle English via Latin from Greek Hēraklēs, the name of a hero noted for his great strength]

Hercules beetle n.  a large S. American beetle, Dynastes hercules, with two horns extending from its head 巨大犀金龟(产于南美，头上有两只角)

Hercynian /hɜ:ˈsiniən/ adj. Geol.  of a mountain-forming time in the eastern hemisphere in the late Palaeozoic era 【地质】海西(造山运动时期)的 [Latin Hercynia silva, the name of an area of forested mountains of central Germany]

herd /hɜ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large number of animals, esp. cattle, feeding or travelling or kept together 兽群(尤指牛群) 2 (prec. by 前接 the) derog.  a large number of people; a mob [贬]人群；乌合之众  prefers not to follow the herd  不随大流 3 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a keeper of herds; a herdsman 牧人  cowherd  牧牛人 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  go or cause to go in a herd 把…赶到一起；聚到一起  herded together for warmth  聚在一起取暖 herded the cattle into the field  将牛赶到田野 2 tr.  tend (sheep, cattle, etc.) 放牧(羊、牛等)  he herds the goats  他照看山羊 □ ride herd on  US  keep watch on [美]管束；控制□ herder  n.   [Old English heord, (in sense 3) hirdi, from Germanic]

herd book n.  a book recording the pedigrees of cattle or pigs (牛或猪的)良种登记册

herd instinct n.  the tendency of associating or conforming with one's own kind for support etc. 群居本能

herdsman /ˈhɜ:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the owner or keeper of a herd of domesticated animals 牧主；牧人

Herdwick /ˈhɜ:dwik/ n.  1  an animal of a hardy breed of mountain sheep from N. England (英国北部产的)健壮绵羊 2  this breed 健壮绵羊品种 [obsolete herdwick ‘pasture-ground’ (as HERD, WICK2), perhaps because this breed originated in Furness Abbey pastures]

here /hiə/ adv., n. & int. ●adv.  1  in or at or to this place or position 在这里  put it here  放这儿 has lived here for many years  在这儿住许多年了 comes here every day  每天来这儿 2  indicating a person's presence or a thing offered 表示人的出现或提供的物  here is your coat  这是你的衣服 my son here will show you  我儿子会拿给你看的 3  at this point in the argument, situation, etc. 在这点上  here I have a question  关于这一点我有一个问题 ●n.  this place 这里  get out of here  离开这儿 lives near here  住这儿附近 fill it up to here  添到这个地方 ●int.  1  calling attention : short for 全形 come here, look here, etc. 引起注意  here, where are you going with that?  喂，你拿它去哪儿？ 2  indicating one's presence in a roll-call : short for 全形 I am here (点名中表示某人的出席)到；有 □ here and now   at this very moment; immediately 此刻；立即□ here and there   in various places 处处，到处□ here goes!  colloq.  an expression indicating the start of a bold act [口]开始！这就开始！(表示就要开始大胆的行动)□ here's to   I drink to the health of 为(某人)健康干杯□ here we are   said on arrival at one's destination 我们到了(在到达目的地时说的话)□ here we go again  colloq.  the same, usu. undesirable, events are recurring [口]同样的(通常不受欢迎的)事情又发生了□ here you are   said on handing something to somebody 给你；你要的东西在这儿(递给某人某物时说的话)□ neither here nor there   of no importance or relevance 不重要的；不相干的 [Old English hēr from Germanic: related to HE]

hereabouts /hiərəˈbaʊts/ adv. (also 亦作 hereabout)  near this place 在这附近

hereafter /hiərˈɑ:ftə/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  from now on; in the future 从此以后；今后 2  in the world to come (after death) 来世 ●n.  1  the future 未来，将来 2  life after death 来世的生活

hereat /hiərˈæt/ adv. archaic  as a result of this [古义]于是；因此

hereby /hiəˈbai/ adv.  by this means; as a result of this 据此；因此

hereditable /hiˈreditəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be inherited 可继承的；可遗传的 [obsolete French héréditable or medieval Latin hereditabilis via ecclesiastical Latin hereditare from Latin heres -edis ‘heir’]

hereditament /heriˈditəm(ə)nt, hiˈredit-/ n. Law 【法律】  1  any property that can be inherited 可继承的财产 2  inheritance 继承 [medieval Latin hereditamentum (as HEREDITABLE)]

hereditary /hiˈredit(ə)ri/ adj.  1 (of disease, instinct, etc.) able to be passed down from one generation to another (指疾病、本能等)遗传的 2  a  descending by inheritance 承袭的b  holding a position by inheritance 世袭的 3  the same as or resembling what one's parents had 传统的  a hereditary hatred  世仇 4  of or relating to inheritance 继承的 □ hereditarily  adv.  □ hereditariness  n.   [Latin hereditarius (as HEREDITY)]

heredity /hiˈrediti/ n.  1  a  the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another 遗传b  these characteristics 遗传特征 2  the genetic constitution of an individual 遗传性 [French hérédité or Latin hereditas ‘heirship’ (as HEIR)]

Hereford /ˈherifəd/ n.  1  an animal of a breed of red and white beef cattle 赫里福德牛(肉用牛，体红色，有白斑) 2  this breed 赫里福德牛种 [Hereford, a city and county in England, where it originated]

herein /hiərˈin/ adv. formal  in this matter, book, etc. [正式]在这件事上；于此

hereinafter /hiərinˈɑ:ftə/ adv. esp. Law formal (尤)【法律】[正式]  1  from this point on 从这点开始 2  in a later part of this document etc. 在下文中

hereinbefore /ˌhiərinbiˈfɔ:/ adv. esp. Law formal  in a preceding part of this document etc. (尤)【法律】[正式]在上文中

hereof /hiərˈɒv/ adv. formal  of this [正式]关于这个，于此

heresiarch /heˈri:ziɑ:k/ n.  the leader or founder of a heresy 异教首领；异教创始人 [ecclesiastical Latin haeresiarcha from Greek hairesiarkhēs (as HERESY + arkhēs ‘ruler’)]

heresy /ˈherisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 esp. RC Ch. (尤)【天主教】  a  belief or practice contrary to orthodox doctrine 异端；邪说b  an instance of this 异教 2  a  opinion contrary to what is normally accepted or maintained 与公众看法相反的意见  it's heresy to suggest that instant coffee is as good as the real thing  认为速溶咖啡和真正的咖啡一样好喝，这与大多数人的观点不符b  an instance of this 离经叛道 □ heresiology  /ˌherisiˈɒlədʒi/ n.   [Middle English via Old French (h)eresie and ecclesiastical Latin haeresis, in Latin = school of thought, from Greek hairesis ‘choice, sect’, from haireomai ‘choose’]

heretic /ˈheritik/ n.  1  the holder of an unorthodox opinion 持异端者 2  a person believing in or practising religious heresy 异教徒 □ heretical  /hiˈretik(ə)l/ adj.  □ heretically  /hiˈretik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French heretique and ecclesiastical Latin haereticus from Greek hairetikos ‘able to choose’ (as HERESY)]

hereto /hiəˈtu:/ adv. formal  to this matter [正式]对于这个

heretofore /hiətʊˈfɔ:/ adv. formal  before this time [正式]在这之前，直到此时

hereunder /hiərˈʌndə/ adv. formal  below (in a book, legal document, etc.) [正式] (书、法律文件等中)在下文中，在下面

hereunto /hiərʌnˈtu:/ adv. archaic  to this [古义]于此

hereupon /hiərəˈpɒn/ adv.  after this; in consequence of this 随即；因此

herewith /hiəˈwið, -ˈwiθ/ adv.  with this (esp. of an enclosure in a letter etc.) 同此(尤指随信寄去)

heriot /ˈheriət/ n. Brit. hist.  a tribute paid to a lord on the death of a tenant, consisting of a live animal, a chattel, or, originally, the return of borrowed equipment [英史义]佃户死时给领主的贡品(起初为归还借用的工具，后为牲口或动产) [Old English heregeatwa, from here ‘army’ + geatwa ‘trappings’]

heritable /ˈheritəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 Law 【法律】  a (of property) capable of being inherited by heirs-at-law (cf. 参见 MOVABLE adj. 2) (指财产)依法可继承的b  capable of inheriting 有继承权的 2 Biol. (of a characteristic) transmissible from parent to offspring 【生】(指特性)可遗传的 □ heritability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ heritably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French, from heriter, from ecclesiastical Latin hereditare: see HEREDITABLE]

heritage /ˈheritidʒ/ n.  1  anything that is or may be inherited 遗产；继承物 2  inherited circumstances, benefits, etc. 承袭物；遗留物  a heritage of confusion  留下一派混乱的景象 3  a nation's historic buildings, monuments, countryside, etc., esp. when regarded as worthy of preservation 历史遗迹(具有历史意义的建筑、纪念碑、乡村等，尤指被认为值得保留的地方) 4 Bibl. 【圣经】  a  the ancient Israelites 古以色列人b  the Church 基督教会 [Middle English from Old French (as HERITABLE)]

heritage centre n.  a museum focusing on the cultural heritage of the surrounding area 历史博物馆

heritor /ˈheritə/ n. (esp. in Scottish Law) a person who inherits (尤指苏格兰法律中的)继承人 [Middle English from Anglo-French heriter, Old French heritier (as HEREDITARY), assimilated to words ending in -OR1]

herl var.  of HARL  HARL 的变体

herm /hɜ:m/ n. Gk Antiq.  a squared stone pillar with a head (esp. of Hermes) on top, used as a boundary marker etc. (cf. 参见 TERMINUS 6) [古希腊] (用作界碑等的)上有赫耳墨斯头像的方形石柱 [Latin Herma from Greek Hermēs, the name of the messenger of the gods]

hermaphrodite /hɜ:ˈmæfrədait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a Zool.  an animal having both male and female sexual organs 【动】雌雄同体b Bot.  a plant having stamens and pistils in the same flower 【植】雌雄同株 2  a human being in which both male and female sex organs are present, or in which the sex organs contain both ovarian and testicular tissue 两性人，阴阳人 3  a person or thing combining opposite qualities or characteristics 具有相反特性的人(或物) ●adj.  1  combining both sexes 两性的 2  combining opposite qualities or characteristics 具有相反特性的 □ hermaphroditic  /-ˈditik/ adj.  □ hermaphroditical  /-ˈditik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hermaphroditism  n.   [Latin hermaphroditus from Greek hermaphroditos, originally the name of a son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology, who became joined in one body with the nymph Salmacis]

hermaphrodite brig n. hist.  a two-masted sailing ship rigged on the foremast as a brig and on the mainmast as a schooner [史义]双桅横帆船(主桅装有纵帆)

hermeneutic /hɜ:miˈnju:tik/ adj.  concerning interpretation, esp. of Scripture or literary texts (尤指对《圣经》或文学作品的)解释的 □ hermeneutical  adj.  □ hermeneutically  adv.   [Greek hermēneutikos from hermēneuō ‘interpret’]

hermeneutics /hɜ:miˈnju:tiks/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数) Bibl.  the branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, esp. of Scripture or literary texts 【圣经】(尤指对《圣经》或文学作品的)解释学

hermetic /hɜ:ˈmetik/ adj. (also 亦作 hermetical)  1  with an airtight closure 密封的；不透气的 2  protected from outside agencies 与外界隔绝的 3  a  of alchemy or other occult sciences 炼金术的；神秘学的  hermetic art  炼金术b  esoteric 深奥的，难以理解的 □ hermetically  adv.  □ hermetism  /ˈhɜ:mitiz(ə)m/ n.   [modern Latin hermeticus, formed irregularly from Hermes Trismegistus ‘thrice-greatest Hermes’ (as the founder of alchemy)]

hermetic seal n.  an airtight seal (originally as used by alchemists) 密封(原为炼金术士所用)

hermit /ˈhɜ:mit/ n.  1  an early Christian recluse (早期基督教的)独居修道者 2  any person living in solitude 隐士，遁世者 □ hermitic  /-ˈmitik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French (h)ermite or Late Latin eremita from Greek erēmitēs, via erēmia ‘desert’ from erēmos ‘solitary’]

hermitage /ˈhɜ:mitidʒ/ n.  1  a hermit's dwelling 隐士住处 2  a monastery 寺院 3  a solitary dwelling 偏僻的住处；幽静的住所 [Middle English from Old French (h)ermitage (as HERMIT)]

hermit crab n.  a crab of the family Paguridae, living in a cast-off mollusc shell for protection 寄居蟹

hermit thrush n.  a migratory N. American thrush, Catharus guttatus 隐士夜鸫(北美画眉，一种候鸟)

hernia /ˈhɜ:niə/ n. (pl. hernias or herniae /-nii:/)  the displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through the wall of the cavity containing it, esp. of the abdomen 疝，突出 □ hernial  adj.  □ herniated  adj.   [Latin]

hero /ˈhiərəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  a person noted or admired for courage, outstanding achievements, etc. 杰出人物，著名人物  Newton, a hero of science  牛顿是科学界的名人b  a great warrior 英雄人物 2  the chief male character in a poem, play, story, etc. (诗歌、戏剧、小说等中的)男主角 3 Gk Antiq.  a man of superhuman qualities, favoured by the gods; a demigod [古希腊]半神，神人 [Middle English via Latin heros from Greek hērōs]

heroic /hiˈrəʊik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of an act, a quality, etc.) of or fit for a hero (行为、品质等)英雄的；崇高的b (of a person) like a hero (人)英勇的 2  a (of language) grand, high-flown, dramatic (语言)豪壮的；雄辩的b (of a work of art) ambitious in scale or subject (艺术品)巨大的；宏伟的 3 (of poetry) dealing with the ancient heroes 史诗的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  a  high-flown language or sentiments 豪言壮语；豪情b  unduly bold behaviour 过于大胆的行为 2  = HEROIC VERSE  □ heroically  adv.   [French héroïque or Latin heroicus from Greek hērōikos (as HERO)]

heroic age n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the period in Greek history before the return from the Trojan War 英雄(辈出的)时代(古希腊历史上特洛伊灭亡之前的时期)

heroic couplet n.  two lines of rhyming iambic pentameters 英雄偶句诗

heroi-comic /hiˌrəʊiˈkɒmik/ adj. (also 亦作 heroi-comical)  combining the heroic with the comic 英雄喜剧的 [French héroï-comique (as HERO, COMIC)]

heroic verse n.  a type of verse used for heroic poetry, esp. the hexameter, the iambic pentameter, or the alexandrine 英雄诗体(尤指六步格、五步抑扬格或亚历山大格)

heroin /ˈherəʊin/ n.  a highly addictive crystalline analgesic drug derived from morphine, often used as a narcotic 海洛因 [German (as HERO, from its effects on the user's self-esteem)]

heroine /ˈherəʊin/ n.  1  a woman noted or admired for courage, outstanding achievements, etc. 女英雄；女勇士；女杰 2  the chief female character in a poem, play, story, etc. 女主角 3 Gk Antiq.  a demigoddess [古希腊]半神女；女神人 [French héroïne or Latin heroina from Greek hērōinē, fem. of hērōs HERO]

heroism /ˈherəʊiz(ə)m/ n.  heroic conduct or qualities 英雄行为；英雄品质 [French héroïsme from héros HERO]

heroize /ˈhiərəʊaiz, ˈher-/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make a hero of 把…当作英雄b  make heroic 使英雄化 2 intr.  play the hero 扮演主角

heron /ˈher(ə)n/ n.  any of various large wading birds of the family Ardeidae, esp. Ardea cinerea, with long legs and a long S-shaped neck 鹭(一种长腿涉水鸟，有 S 形长颈) □ heronry  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English from Old French hairon, from Germanic]

hero's welcome n.  a rapturous welcome, like that given to a successful warrior (像欢迎英雄那样)热烈欢迎

hero-worship n. & v. ●n.  1  idealization of an admired man 偶像崇拜 2 Gk Antiq.  worship of superhuman heroes [古希腊]英雄崇拜 ●v. tr. (-worshipped, -worshipping; US [美] -worshiped, -worshiping)  worship as a hero; idolize 把…当英雄崇拜 □ hero-worshipper  n.  

herpes /ˈhɜ:pi:z/ n.  a virus disease with outbreaks of blisters on the skin etc. 疱疹 □ herpetic  /-ˈpetik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek herpēs -ētos ‘shingles’, from herpō ‘creep’]

herpes simplex n.  a viral infection which may produce cold sores, genital inflammation, or conjunctivitis 单纯性疱疹

herpesvirus /ˈhɜ:pi:zˌvairəs/ n.  any of a group of viruses causing herpes or other diseases 疱疹病毒

herpes zoster /hɜ:pi:z ˈzɒstə/ n.  = SHINGLES  [Greek zōstēr ‘belt, girdle’]

herpetology /hɜ:piˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of reptiles 爬行动物学 □ herpetological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ herpetologist  n.   [Greek herpeton ‘reptile’ from herpō ‘creep’]

herptile /ˈhɜ:ptail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a reptile or amphibian 两栖动物或爬行动物 ●adj.  of or relating to both reptiles and amphibians 两栖爬行动物的 [HERPETOLOGY + REPTILE]

Herr /hɛə/ n. (pl. Herren /ˈher(ə)n/)  1  the title of a German man; Mr 先生(对德国男士的尊称) 2  a German man 德国男士 [German from Old High German hērro, comparative of hēr ‘exalted’]

Herrenvolk /ˈher(ə)nfɒlk, -fəʊk, 德 ˈhɛrənfɔlk/ n.  1  the German nation characterized by the Nazis as born to mastery (纳粹德国鼓吹的)统治民族，天生优越的民族 2  a group regarding itself as naturally superior 自认天生优越的人群 [German, = master race (as HERR, FOLK)]

herring /ˈheriŋ/ n.  a N. Atlantic fish, Clupea harengus, coming near the coast in large shoals to spawn 鲱，青鱼(北大西洋的鱼类) [Old English hring, hēring, from West Germanic]

herringbone /ˈheriŋbəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stitch with a zigzag pattern, resembling the pattern of a herring's bones 人字形缝法 2  this pattern, or cloth woven in it 人字形图案；人字形纹 3  any zigzag pattern, e.g. in building (如建筑中的)人字形排列 4 Skiing  a method of ascending a slope with the skis pointing outwards 【滑雪】倒八字形上坡 ●v.  1 tr.  a  work with a herringbone stitch 以人字形针脚缝b  mark with a herringbone pattern 用人字形图案标记 2 intr. Skiing  ascend a slope using the herringbone technique 【滑雪】倒八字形上坡

herring gull n.  a large gull, Larus argentatus, with dark wing-tips 银鸥(翅尖为黑色)

Herrnhuter /ˈhɛənhu:tə, ˈhɛər(ə)n-/ n.  a member of a Moravian Christian sect (see 见 MORAVIAN) 摩拉维亚教派的信徒 [German, from Herrnhut (= the Lord's keeping), name of their first German settlement]

hers /hɜ:z/ poss. pron.  the one or ones belonging to or associated with her 她的(所有物)  it is hers  是她的 hers are over there  她的在那儿 □ of hers   of or belonging to her (属于)她的  a friend of hers  她的一个朋友

herself /hɜ:ˈself/ pron.  1  a emphat. form  of SHE or HER (SHE 或 HER 的强调形式)她自己，她本人  she herself will do it  她自己会做的b refl. form  of HER (HER 的反身代词形式)她自己  she has hurt herself  她伤了自己 2  in her normal state of body or mind 她的正常状况  does not feel quite herself today  她今天感觉不舒服 □ be herself   act in her normal unconstrained manner (她)举止正常自然□ by herself   see 见 by oneself  [Old English hire self (as HER, SELF)]

Herts. /hɑ:ts/ abbr. [缩略]  Hertfordshire 哈福德郡(英国英格兰郡名)

hertz /hɜ:ts/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second (abbr. 缩略 : Hz) 赫兹(频率单位，相当于周 / 秒) [named after H. R. Hertz, German physicist d. 1894]

Hertzian wave /ˈhɜ:tsiən/ n.  an electromagnetic wave of a length suitable for use in radio 赫兹波；电磁波；电波

he's /hi:z, hiz/ contr. [缩合]  1  he is  2  he has 

hesitant /ˈhezit(ə)nt/ adj.  hesitating; irresolute 犹豫的，踌躇的；无决断的 □ hesitance  n.  □ hesitancy  n.  □ hesitantly  adv.  

hesitate /ˈheziteit/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, over)  show or feel indecision or uncertainty; pause in doubt 犹豫，踌躇  hesitated over her choice  (她)下不了决心 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  be deterred by scruples; be reluctant 有疑虑；不情愿  I hesitate to inform against him  我拿不定主意是否要告发他 □ hesitater  n.  □ hesitatingly  adv.  □ hesitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ hesitative  adj.   [Latin haesitare, frequentative of haerēre haes- ‘stick fast’]

Hesperian /heˈspiəriən/ adj. poet. [诗]  1  western 西方的 2 (in Greek mythology) of or concerning the Hesperides (nymphs who guarded the garden of golden apples at the western extremity of the earth) (希腊神话中)赫斯珀里得斯的；金苹果园的 [Latin Hesperius from Greek Hesperios (as HESPERUS)]

hesperidium /hespəˈridiəm/ n. (pl. hesperidia /-diə/)  a fruit with sectioned pulp inside a separable rind, e.g. an orange or grapefruit 柑果(如橘子或柚子) [Greek Hesperides, the daughters of Hesperus, nymphs in Greek mythology who guarded a tree of golden apples]

Hesperus /ˈhespərəs/ n. poet.  the evening star, Venus [诗]长庚星 [Middle English from Latin from Greek hesperos (adj. & n.) ‘western, evening (star)’]

hessian /ˈhesiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a strong coarse sacking made of hemp or jute 粗麻布 2 (作 Hessian)  a native or inhabitant of Hesse in Germany (德国)黑森人，黑森居民 ●adj. (作 Hessian)  of or relating to Hesse 黑森的 [Hesse in Germany]

Hessian boot n.  a tasselled high boot first worn by Hessian troops 黑森靴

Hessian fly n.  a midge, Mayetiola destructor, whose larva destroys growing wheat (thought to have been brought to America by Hessian troops) 小麦瘿蚊(幼虫吃小麦，被认为由黑森雇佣兵带到美国)

hest /hest/ n. archaic  behest [古义]命令；训喻；吩咐 [Old English hs (see HIGHT), assimilated to Middle English nouns ending in -t]

hetaera /hiˈtiərə/ n. (also 亦作 hetaira /-ˈtairə/) (pl. -as, hetaerae /-ˈtiəri:/, or hetairai /-ˈtairai/)  a courtesan or mistress, esp. in ancient Greece (尤指古希腊)高级妓女(或情妇) [Greek hetaira, fem. of hetairos ‘companion’]

hetaerism /hiˈtiəriz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 hetairism /-ˈtairiz(ə)m/)  1  a recognized system of concubinage 纳妾制 2  communal marriage in a tribe 群婚 [Greek hetairismos ‘prostitution’ (as HETAERA)]

hetero /ˈhet(ə)rəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a heterosexual [口]异性恋的人 [abbreviation]

hetero- /ˈhet(ə)rəʊ/ comb. form  other, different (often opp. 常反义 HOMO-) [构词成分]异，杂 [Greek heteros ‘other’]

heterochromatic /ˌhet(ə)rəʊkrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  of several colours 具有几种颜色的；杂色的

heteroclite /ˈhet(ə)rə(ʊ)klait/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  abnormal 反常的；变态的 2 Gram. (esp. of a noun) irregularly declined 【语法】(尤指名词)变格不规则的 ●n.  1  an abnormal thing or person 反常的事或人 2 Gram.  an irregularly declined word, esp. a noun 【语法】不规则变格词(尤指名词) [Late Latin heteroclitus from Greek (as HETERO-, klitos from klinō ‘bend, inflect’)]

heterocyclic /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈsaiklik, -ˈsiklik/ adj. Chem. (of a compound) with a bonded ring of atoms of more than one kind 【化】(化合物)杂环的

heterodox /ˈhet(ə)rə(ʊ)dɒks/ adj. (of a person, opinion, etc.) not orthodox (指人、意见等)异端的；离经叛道的；非正统的 □ heterodoxy  n.   [Late Latin heterodoxus from Greek (as HETERO-, doxos from doxa ‘opinion’)]

heterodyne /ˈhet(ə)rə(ʊ)dain/ adj. & v. Radio 【无线电】  ●adj.  relating to the production of a lower frequency from the combination of two almost equal high frequencies 电外差的； ●v. intr.  produce a lower frequency in this way 致差，成拍，产生外差效果 [from HETERO- + Greek dunamis ‘power’]

heterogamous /hetəˈrɒɡəməs/ adj.  1 Bot.  irregular as regards stamens and pistils 【植】具两类花的 2 Biol.  characterized by heterogamy or heterogony 【生】异配生殖的

heterogamy /hetəˈrɒɡəmi/ n.  1  the alternation of generations, esp. of a sexual and parthenogenic generation 世代交替 2  sexual reproduction by fusion of unlike gametes 异配生殖 3 Bot.  a state in which the flowers of a plant are of two types 【植】(植物的花)具有两类花的状态

heterogeneous /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:niəs, -ˈdʒen-/ adj. (also disp. [亦异议] heterogenous /hetəˈrɒdʒinəs/)  1  diverse in character 不同性质的 2  varied in content 有变化的；多种多样的 3 Math.  incommensurable through being of different kinds or degrees 【数】不单一的，参差的 □ heterogeneity  /-dʒiˈni:iti/ n.  □ heterogeneously  adv.  □ heterogeneousness  n.   [medieval Latin heterogeneus from Greek heterogenēs (as HETERO-, genos ‘kind’)]■Usage 用法说明 The less common form heterogenous is considered incorrect by some people and best avoided. Cf. homogeneous and homogenous which have quite different senses but are often confused: see Usage Note at HOMOGENEOUS. heterogenous 这种形式不太常见，有些人认为是不正确的，最好避免使用；参见 homogeneous 和 homogenous ，它们的意义完全不同，但常被混淆：见 HOMOGENEOUS 的用法说明。 

heterogenesis /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  1  the birth of a living being otherwise than from parents of the same kind 异型生殖 2  spontaneous generation from inorganic matter 自然发生 □ heterogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

heterogony /hetəˈrɒɡəni/ n.  the alternation of generations, esp. of a sexual and hermaphroditic generation 世代交替 □ heterogonous  adj.  

heterograft /ˈhet(ə)rə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:ft/ n.  = XENOGRAFT 

heterologous /hetəˈrɒləɡəs/ adj.  not homologous 异种的；异源的 □ heterology  n.  

heteromerous /hetəˈrɒm(ə)rəs/ adj.  not isomerous 异基数的；异质的

heteromorphic /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (also 亦作 heteromorphous /-ˈmɔ:fəs/) Biol. 【生】  1  of dissimilar forms 异型的 2 (of insects) existing in different forms at different stages in their life cycle (昆虫)异态的；异形的

heteromorphism /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  the quality or condition of existing in various forms 异型；异态性

heteronomous /hetəˈrɒnəməs/ adj.  1  subject to an external law (cf. 参见 AUTONOMOUS) 他律的；他治的 2 Biol.  subject to different laws (of growth etc.) 【生】受不同(生长)规律支配的

heteronomy /hetəˈrɒnəmi/ n.  1  the presence of a different law 他律；不自主 2  subjection to an external law 受制于异律

heteropathic /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈpæθik/ adj.  1  allopathic 对抗疗法的 2  differing in effect 反应性异常的；效果不同的

heterophyllous /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈfiləs/ adj.  bearing leaves of different forms on the same plant 具异形叶的 □ heterophylly  n.   [HETERO- + Greek phullon ‘leaf’]

heteropolar /hetərəʊˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having dissimilar poles, esp. Electr. with an armature passing north and south magnetic poles alternately (尤)【电】异极的

heteropteran /hetəˈrɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any insect of the suborder Heteroptera, including true bugs with non-uniform forewings having a thickened base and membranous tip (cf. 参见 HOMOPTERAN) 异翅目 □ heteropterous  adj.   [HETERO- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

heterosexism /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈseksiz(ə)m/ n.  discrimination or prejudice by heterosexuals against or towards homosexuals 异性恋者对同性恋者的歧视(或偏见) □ heterosexist  adj. & n.  

heterosexual /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  feeling or involving sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex (对异性)有吸引力的 2  concerning heterosexual relations or people 异性恋的 3  relating to the opposite sex 异性的，不同性别的 ●n.  a heterosexual person 异性恋的人 □ heterosexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ heterosexually  adv.  

heterosis /hetəˈrəʊsis/ n.  the tendency of a cross-bred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents 杂种优势；异配优势 [Greek from heteros ‘different’]

heterotaxy /ˈhet(ə)rə(ʊ)tæksi/ n.  the abnormal disposition of organs or parts 内脏位置异常，异位 [HETERO- + Greek taxis ‘arrangement’]

heterotransplant /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈtrænsplɑ:nt, -ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  = XENOGRAFT 

heterotrophic /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒfik/ adj. Biol.  deriving its nourishment and carbon requirements from organic substances; not autotrophic 【生】异养的 [HETERO- + Greek trophos ‘feeder’]

heterozygote /het(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈzaiɡəʊt/ n. Biol.  an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring (cf. 参见 HOMOZYGOTE) 【生】杂合体，异形接合体 □ heterozygous  adj.  

hetman /ˈhetmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a Polish or Cossack military commander (波兰和哥萨克的)军事指挥官 [Polish, probably from German Hauptmann ‘captain’]

het up /het ˈʌp/ adj. colloq.  excited, overwrought [口]激动的；过度紧张的；兴奋过度的 [het, dialect past part. of HEAT]

heuchera /ˈhɔikəræ, ˈhju:k-/ n.  any N. American herbaceous plant of the genus Heuchera, with dark green round or heart-shaped leaves and tiny flowers 矾根属植物(北美草本植物，深绿色圆形或心形叶子，开小花) [modern Latin, named after J. H. von Heucher, German botanist d. 1747]

heuristic /hjʊ(ə)ˈristik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  allowing or assisting to discover 启发式的 2 Computing  proceeding to a solution by trial and error 【计算】探试的，探索的 ●n.  1  the science of heuristic procedure 启发法 2  a heuristic process or method 探试程序或方法 3 (in pl. 用复数 , usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) Computing  the study and use of heuristic techniques in data processing 【计算】探索法 □ heuristically  adv.   [formed irregularly from Greek heuriskō ‘find’]

heuristic method n.  a system of education under which pupils are trained to find out things for themselves 启发式教学法

hevea /ˈhi:viə/ n.  any S. American tree of the genus Hevea, yielding a milky sap used for making rubber 三叶胶(南美橡胶树，产乳状汁，用于制橡胶) [modern Latin from Quechua hevé]

HEW abbr. (in the US) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [缩略] (美国)卫生、教育和福利部

hew /hju:/ v. (past part. hewn /hju:n/ or hewed)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 down, away, off)  chop or cut (a thing) with an axe, a sword, etc. (用刀、斧等)砍，劈b  cut (a block of wood etc.) into shape (将木头)砍成…形状 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, among, etc.)  strike cutting blows 砍、劈 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) N. Amer.  conform [北美]坚持，遵守 □ hew one's way   make a way for oneself by hewing 劈出一条道路 [Old English hēawan, from Germanic]

hewer /ˈhju:ə/ n.  1  a person who hews 砍伐的人 2  a person who cuts coal from a seam 采煤工人 □ hewers of wood and drawers of water   menial drudges; labourers (Josh. 9:21) 干粗活的人；苦工(《圣经·约书亚记》 9:21)

hex1 /heks/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  practise witchcraft 施魔法 2 tr.  cast a spell on; bewitch 施魔法于；使着魔；蛊惑 ●n.  1  a magic spell; a curse 魔法；符咒 2  a witch 巫婆；术士 [Pennsylvanian German hexe (v.), Hex (n.), from German hexen, Hexe]

hex2 /heks/ adj. & n. esp. Computing (尤)【计算】  = HEXADECIMAL  [abbreviation]

hexa- /ˈheksə/ comb. form  six [构词成分]六 [Greek hex ‘six’]

hexachord /ˈheksəkɔ:d/ n.  a diatonic series of six notes with a semitone between the third and fourth, used at three different pitches in medieval music (中古音乐的)六度音阶 [HEXA- + CHORD1]

hexad /ˈheksæd/ n.  a group of six 一组六个 [Greek hexas -ados from hex ‘six’]

hexadecimal /heksəˈdesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. esp. Computing (尤)【计算】  ●adj.  relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has 16 rather than 10 as a base (非十进制)十六进制的 ●n.  the hexadecimal system; hexadecimal notation 十六进制 □ hexadecimally  adv.  

hexagon /ˈheksəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with six sides and angles 六边形，六角形 □ hexagonal  /-ˈsæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin hexagonum from Greek (as HEXA-, -GON)]

hexagram /ˈheksəɡræm/ n.  1  a figure formed by two intersecting equilateral triangles 六角星形 2  a figure of six lines 六线形 [HEXA- + Greek gramma ‘line’]

hexahedron /heksəˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. hexahedra /-drə/ or hexahedrons)  a solid figure with six faces 六面体 □ hexahedral  adj.   [Greek (as HEXA-, -HEDRON)]

hexameter /hekˈsæmitə/ n.  a line or verse of six metrical feet 六步格诗行；六步格诗 □ hexametric  /-səˈmetrik/ adj.  □ hexametrist  n.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek hexametros (as HEXA-, metron ‘measure’)]

hexane /ˈheksein/ n. Chem.  a liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H14 【化】乙烷 [HEXA- + -ANE2]

hexapla /ˈheksəplə/ n.  a sixfold text, esp. of the Old Testament, in parallel columns (尤指《圣经》)六种译文并列的版本 [Greek neut. pl. of hexaploos (as HEXA-, ploos ‘-fold’), originally of Origen's OT text]

hexapod /ˈheksəpɒd/ n. & adj. ●n.  an arthropod with six legs; an insect 六足的节肢动物；昆虫 ●adj.  having six legs 有六足的 [Greek hexapous, hexapod- (as HEXA-, pous pod- ‘foot’)]

hexastyle /ˈheksəstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a six-columned portico 六柱门廊 ●adj.  having six columns 有六柱的 [Greek hexastulos (as HEXA-, stulos ‘column’)]

Hexateuch /ˈheksətju:k/ n.  the first six books of the Old Testament 《圣经·旧约》的头 6 卷 [Greek hex ‘six’ + teukhos ‘book’]

hexavalent /heksəˈveil(ə)nt/ adj.  having a valency of six; sexivalent 六价的

hexose /ˈheksəʊz, -s/ n. Biochem.  a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule, e.g. glucose or fructose 【生化】己糖(如葡萄糖或果糖) [HEXA- + -OSE2]

hey1 /hei/ int.  calling attention or expressing joy, surprise, enquiry, enthusiasm, etc. 嗨(引起注意或表示高兴、惊讶、询问、热情等) [Middle English: cf. Old French hay, Dutch, German hei]

hey2 var.  of HAY2  HAY2 的变体

heyday /ˈheidei/ n.  the flush or full bloom of youth, vigour, prosperity, etc. 全盛期，年富力强期 [archaic heyday, an expression of joy, surprise, etc.: cf. Low German heidi, heida, an exclamation denoting gaiety]

hey presto! int. Brit.  a phrase announcing the successful completion of a trick or other surprising achievement [英]变！ (表示完成一个魔术或其他令人惊奇的事)

HF abbr. [缩略]  high frequency 

Hf symb. Chem.  the element hafnium [符]【化】(化学元素)铪

hf. abbr. [缩略]  half 

HG abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Her or His Grace 大人(对公爵、公爵夫人或主教的尊称) 2  Home Guard 

Hg symb. Chem.  the element mercury [modern Latin hydrargyrum] [符]【化】(化学元素)汞

hg abbr. [缩略]  hectogram(s) 

HGV abbr. Brit.  heavy goods vehicle [缩略] [英]大型运货卡车

HH abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  Her or His Highness [英]殿下 2  His Holiness (对教皇的尊称)陛下；圣座 3  double-hard (pencil lead) (铅心)两倍硬度

hh. abbr. [缩略]  hands (see 见 HAND n. 13) 

hhd. abbr. [缩略]  hogshead(s) 

H-hour n.  the hour at which an operation is scheduled to begin 发起进攻时刻 [H for hour + HOUR]

HI abbr. US [缩略] [美]  1  Hawaii (also in official postal use) 夏威夷州(亦正式邮政用语) 2  the Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛

hi /hai/ int.  calling attention or as a greeting 嗨(引起注意或打招呼) [parallel form to HEY1]

hiatus /haiˈeitəs/ n. (pl. hiatuses)  1  a break or gap, esp. in a series, account, or chain of proof 间断；缺口 2 Prosody & Gram.  a break between two vowels coming together but not in the same syllable, as in though oft the ear 【诗体】【语法】元音连读 □ hiatal  adj.   [Latin, = gaping, from hiare ‘gape’]

hiatus hernia n. Med.  the protrusion of an organ, esp. the stomach, through the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm 【医】食管裂孔疝

Hib /hib/ n. Med.  a bacterium, Haemophilus influenzae type B, causing infant meningitis 【医】流感嗜血杆菌 often 常作 attrib.: Hib vaccine  流感疫苗 [acronym]

hibernate /ˈhaibəneit/ v. intr.  1 (of some animals) spend the winter in a dormant state (动物)冬眠 2  remain inactive 蛰居；退隐 □ hibernation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ hibernator  n.   [Latin hibernare from hibernus ‘wintry’]

Hibernian /haiˈbɜ:niən/ adj. & n. archaic poet. [古义] [诗] ●adj.  of or concerning Ireland 爱尔兰的 ●n.  a native of Ireland 爱尔兰人 [Latin Hibernia, Iverna via Greek Iernē from Celtic]

Hibernicism /haiˈbɜ:nisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an Irish idiom or expression 爱尔兰习语或表达法 2  = BULL3 1  [as HIBERNIAN on the pattern of Anglicism etc.]

Hiberno- /haiˈbɜ:nəʊ/ comb. form  Irish (Hiberno-British 爱尔兰和英国的) [构词成分]爱尔兰的 [medieval Latin hibernus ‘Irish’ (as HIBERNIAN)]

hibiscus /hiˈbiskəs/ n. (pl. hibiscuses)  any tree or shrub of the genus Hibiscus, cultivated for its large brightly coloured flowers Also called 亦称作 rose-mallow 芙蓉属植物(花大而艳丽) [Latin from Greek hibiskos ‘marsh mallow’]

hic /hik/ int.  expressing the sound of a hiccup, esp. a drunken hiccup 嗝(尤指喝醉打嗝的声音) [imitative]

hiccup /ˈhikʌp/ n. & v. (also 亦作 hiccough pronunc. same 发音同) ●n.  1  a  an involuntary spasm of the diaphragm and respiratory organs, with sudden closure of the glottis and characteristic coughlike sound 呃逆，打嗝b (in pl. 用复数)  an attack of such spasms 接连的呃逆 2  a temporary or minor fault or setback 暂时的故障；小挫折 ●v. (hiccuped, hiccuping)  1 intr.  make a hiccup or series of hiccups 打嗝 2 tr.  utter with a hiccup 发出打嗝声 □ hiccupy  adj.   [imitative]

hic jacet /hik ˈdʒeiset, ˈjæket/ n.  an epitaph 墓志铭；碑文 [Latin, = here lies]

hick /hik/ n. colloq.  a country dweller; a provincial [口]乡下佬，土包子 [pet form of the name Richard: cf. DICK1]

hickey /ˈhiki/ n. (pl. -eys) N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  a gadget (cf. 参见 DOOHICKEY) 器械；小物件 2  a skin blemish, esp. a mark caused by a lovebite (尤指亲吻后留下的)红色痕迹 [20th c.: origin unknown]

hickory /ˈhik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any N. American tree of the genus Carya, yielding tough heavy wood and bearing nutlike edible fruits (see 见 PECAN) 山胡桃树(北美山核桃属树，木材坚韧，果实坚果状，可食) 2  a  the wood of these trees 山胡桃木b  a stick made of this 山胡桃木手杖 [local Virginian name pohickery from Algonquian pawcohiccora]

hid past  of HIDE1  

hidalgo /hiˈdælɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Spanish gentleman 西班牙绅士 [Spanish from hijo dalgo, literally ‘son of something’]

hidden past part.  of HIDE1   □ hiddenness  /ˈhid(ə)nnis/ n.  

hidden agenda n.  a secret or ulterior motive behind an action, statement, etc. (行为、言论等背后的)秘密动机

hidden reserves n. pl.  extra profits, resources, etc. kept concealed in reserve 秘密储备物(如额外利润、财产等)

hide1 /haid/ v. & n. ●v. (past hid; past part. hidden /ˈhid(ə)n/ or archaic [古义] hid)  1 tr.  put or keep out of sight 隐藏  hid it under the cushion  把它藏在垫子底下 hid her in the cupboard  把她藏在柜子里 2 intr.  conceal oneself 躲藏 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  keep (a fact) secret 保密；隐瞒  hid his real motive from her  对她隐瞒他的真实动机 4 tr.  conceal (a thing) from sight intentionally or not 遮掩；遮挡  trees hid the house  树遮住了房子 ●n. Brit.  a camouflaged shelter used for observing wildlife or hunting animals [英] (观察野生动物或打猎的)埋伏处 □ hide one's head   keep out of sight, esp. from shame (尤指因羞愧)低下头□ hide one's light under a bushel   conceal one's merits(Matthew 5:15) 掩盖某人的优点(《圣经·马太福音》 5:15)□ hide out (or up)   remain in concealment 躲藏起来□ hider  n.   [Old English hyˉdan, from West Germanic]

hide2 /haid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the skin of an animal, esp. when tanned or dressed 兽皮 2 joc.  the human skin, esp. on the buttocks [诙] (人的)皮肤(尤指屁股部位)  I'll tan your hide  我要打你一顿 ●v. tr. colloq.  flog [口]打 □ hided  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English hyˉd, from Germanic]

hide3 /haid/ n. hist. (in England) a former measure of land large enough to support a family and its dependants, usu. between 60 and 120 acres [史义] (英国)海得(足以供养一家人及其用人的土地面积，通常为 60 至 120 英亩) [Old English hī(gi)d from hīw-, hīg- ‘household’]

hide-and-seek n.  1  a children's game in which one or more players seek a child or children hiding 儿童的捉迷藏游戏 2  a process of attempting to find an evasive person or thing 捉迷藏

hideaway /ˈhaidəwei/ n.  a hiding place or place of retreat 躲藏处；退隐处

hidebound /ˈhaidbaʊnd/ adj.  1  a  narrow-minded; bigoted 思想狭隘的；顽固的b (of the law, rules, etc.) constricted by tradition (法律、制度等)保守的 2 (of cattle) with the skin clinging close as a result of bad feeding (牛)非常瘦的，皮包骨头的 [HIDE2 + BOUND4]

hideosity /hidiˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hideous object 丑陋的东西；可怕的东西 2  hideousness 丑陋；可怕

hideous /ˈhidiəs/ adj.  1  frightful, repulsive, or revolting, to the senses or the mind 极丑的；可怕的；令人厌恶的 2 colloq.  unpleasant [口]令人憎厌的 □ hideously  adv.  □ hideousness  n.   [Middle English hidous via Anglo-French hidous, Old French hidos, -eus, from Old French hide, hisde ‘fear’, of unknown origin]

hideout /ˈhaidaʊt/ n.  a hiding place 隐藏处

hidey-hole /ˈhaidihəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 hidy-hole) Brit. colloq.  a hiding place [英口]躲藏处

hiding1 /ˈhaidiŋ/ n. colloq.  a thrashing [口]痛打；鞭打 □ on a hiding to nothing  Brit.  in a position from which there can be no successful outcome [英]毫无成功的希望 [HIDE2 + -ING1]

hiding2 /ˈhaidiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of hiding 躲藏；躲避 2  the state of remaining hidden 隐藏  go into hiding  躲起来 [Middle English, from HIDE1 + -ING1]

hiding place n.  a place of concealment 隐蔽处

hidrosis /hiˈdrəʊsis/ n. Med.  perspiration 【医】出汗 □ hidrotic  /-ˈdrɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from hidrōs ‘sweat’]

hie /hai/ v. intr. & refl. (hies, hied, hieing or hying) archaic or poet.  go quickly [古义] [诗]赶快；疾行  hie to your chamber  赶紧去你的房间 hied him to the chase  催他去追猎 [Old English hīgian ‘strive, pant’, of unknown origin]

hierarch /ˈhairɑ:k/ n.  1  a chief priest 高僧；教主 2  an archbishop 大主教 [medieval Latin from Greek hierarkhēs, from hieros ‘sacred’ + -arkhēs ‘ruler’]

hierarchy /ˈhairɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a system in which grades or classes of status or authority are ranked one above the other 等级  bottom of a hierarchy  最低一级b  a hierarchical system (of government, management, etc.) (政府、管理等的)等级制度c (foll. by 后跟 of)  a range in order of importance (按重要性分的)等次  hierarchy of values  价值等级 2  a  priestly government 僧侣统治b  a priesthood organized in grades 等级分明的僧侣统治集团 3  in Christian theology 在基督教教义中 :a  each of the three divisions of angels 天使的三大等之一b  the angels 天使 □ hierarchic  /-ˈrɑ:kik/ adj.  □ hierarchical  /-ˈrɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hierarchism  n.  □ hierarchize  v. tr. (also -ise)   [Middle English via Old French ierarchie and medieval Latin (h)ierarchia from Greek hierarkhia (as HIERARCH)]

hieratic /haiˈrætik/ adj.  1  of or concerning priests; priestly 僧侣的 2  of the ancient Egyptian writing of abridged hieroglyphics as used by priests (cf. 参见 DEMOTIC n. 2a) (古埃及)僧侣书写体的 3  of or concerning Egyptian or Greek traditional styles of art 古埃及或希腊传统艺术风格的 □ hieratically  adv.   [Latin from Greek hieratikos, via hieraomai ‘be a priest’ from hiereus ‘priest’]

hiero- /ˈhairəʊ/ comb. form  sacred, holy [构词成分]神圣的 [Greek hieros ‘sacred’ + -O-]

hierocracy /haiˈrɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  priestly rule 僧侣统治 2  a body of ruling priests 僧侣统治集团

hieroglyph /ˈhairəɡlif/ n.  1  a  a picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound, as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing 象形文字b  a writing consisting of characters of this kind 象形文字符号 2  a secret or enigmatic symbol 秘密的符号；难懂的符号 3 (in pl. 用复数) joc.  writing difficult to read [诙]难懂的文章 [back-formation from HIEROGLYPHIC]

hieroglyphic /hairəˈɡlifik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or written in hieroglyphs 象形文字写的 2  symbolical 有寓意的；用符号表示的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  hieroglyphs; hieroglyphic writing 象形文字；象形文字符号 □ hieroglyphical  adj.  □ hieroglyphically  adv.   [French hiéroglyphique or Late Latin hieroglyphicus from Greek hierogluphikos (as HIERO-, gluphikos from gluphē ‘carving’)]

hierogram /ˈhairəɡræm/ n.  a sacred inscription or symbol 神符，圣符

hierograph /ˈhairəɡrɑ:f/ n.  = HIEROGRAM 

hierolatry /haiˈrɒlətri/ n.  the worship of saints or sacred things 圣徒崇拜；圣物崇拜

hierology /haiˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  sacred literature or lore 圣典

hierophant /ˈhairə(ʊ)fænt/ n.  1 Gk Antiq.  an initiating or presiding priest; an official interpreter of sacred mysteries [古希腊]圣师，大师 2  an interpreter of sacred mysteries or any esoteric principle 解释宗教秘义的人 □ hierophantic  /-ˈfæntik/ adj.   [Late Latin hierophantes from Greek hierophantēs (as HIERO-, phantēs from phainō ‘show’)]

hi-fi /ˈhaifai/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  of high fidelity 高保真的 ●n. (pl. hi-fis)  a set of equipment for high-fidelity sound reproduction 高保真的音响设备 [abbreviation]

higgle /ˈhiɡ(ə)l/ v. intr.  dispute about terms; haggle 讨价还价 [variant of HAGGLE]

higgledy-piggledy /ˌhiɡ(ə)ldiˈpiɡ(ə)ldi/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv. & adj.  in confusion or disorder 杂乱无章(地)的；乱七八糟(地)的 ●n.  a state of disordered confusion 杂乱无章；乱七八糟 [rhyming jingle, probably with reference to the irregular herding together of pigs]

high /hai/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  of great vertical extent 高的  a high building  高楼b (作 predic.; often in comb. 常用于复合词)  of a specified height 有…高度的  one inch high  一英寸高 water was waist-high  水深齐腰 2  a  far above ground or sea level etc. 高于地面或水平面的  a high altitude  海拔高b  inland, esp. when raised 内陆的；高地的  High Asia  亚洲高原 3  extending above the normal or average level 比一般高的  high boots  高筒靴 jersey with a high neck  高领运动衫 4  of exalted, esp. spiritual, quality (尤指精神或品质)崇高的  high minds  宽宏大量 high principles  崇高准则 high art  高雅艺术 5  of exalted rank 级别高的  in high society  在上层社会 is high in the Government  在政府高层 6  a  great; intense; extreme; powerful 高的；大的  high praise  极高的赞扬 high temperature  高温b  greater than normal 比正常高的  high prices  高价c  extreme in religious or political opinion (宗教、政治上)极端的  high Tory  偏激的保守党人 7 (of physical action, esp. athletics) performed at, to, or from a considerable height (尤指运动)在相当高度完成的  high diving  高台跳水 high flying  高处飞行 8 (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  intoxicated by alcohol or esp. drugs [口]喝醉了的；被毒品麻醉了的 9 (of a sound or note) of high frequency; shrill; at the top end of the scale (声音或音符)高音的；尖声的 10 (of a period, an age, a time, etc.) at its peak (指时期、年龄、时间等)处在高峰的；全盛的  high noon  正午 high summer  盛夏 High Renaissance  全盛的文艺复兴时期 11  a (of meat etc.) beginning to go bad; off (肉等)开始变质的b (of game) well-hung and slightly decomposed (野味)有些变质的 12 Geog. (of latitude) near the North or South Pole 【地理】(纬度)接近南极或北极的 13 Phonet. 【语音】  = CLOSE1adj. 14  ●n.  1  a high, or the highest, level or figure 高峰，高潮；最高水平；最高数字 2  an area of high barometric pressure; an anticyclone 高压区，高气压 3 slang  a euphoric state, esp. drug-induced [俚语] (尤指毒瘾引起的)兴奋状态  I'm on a high at the moment  我现在觉得很兴奋 4  top gear in a motor vehicle 高速档 5 N. Amer. colloq.  high school [北美口]高中 6 (作 the High) Brit. colloq.  a High Street, esp. that in Oxford [英口]大街(尤指牛津大街) ●adv.  1  far up; aloft 高高地；在高处  flew the flag high  将旗帜高高升起 2  in or to a high degree 很大程度上 3  at a high price 高价地 4 (of a sound) at or to a high pitch 高音调地  sang high  大声唱 □ ace (or king or queen etc.) high  (in card games) having the ace etc. as the highest-ranking card (纸牌游戏中)由 A 牌打头的，带大牌的□ from on high   from heaven or a high place 从高处；从天上□ high old  (作 attrib.) colloq.  most enjoyable [口]最快乐的  had a high old time  玩得很开心□ high opinion of   a favourable opinion of 对某人评价很高□ high, wide, and handsome  colloq.  in a carefree or stylish manner [口]无忧无虑的□ in high feather   see 见 FEATHER □ on high   in or to heaven or a high place 在高处□ on one's high horse  colloq.  behaving superciliously or arrogantly [口]举止傲慢的□ play high   1  play for high stakes 作输赢很大的赌博 2  play a card of high value 玩分值高的纸牌□ run high   1 (of the sea) have a strong current with high tide (指海)波涛汹涌的 2 (of feelings) be strong (指情绪)高涨的 [Old English hēah, from Germanic]

High Admiral n. Brit.  a chief officer of admiral's rank [英]上将

high altar n.  the chief altar of a church 主祭台

high and dry adv. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 left high and dry)  1  stranded without resources 处于困境；孤立无援 2 (of a ship) out of the water, esp. stranded (船)出水；搁浅

high and low adv. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 search high and low 到处搜寻)  everywhere 到处，处处

high and mighty adj.  1 colloq.  arrogant [口]高傲的，盛气凌人的 2 archaic  of exalted rank [古义]级别高的

highball /ˈhaibɔ:l/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a drink of spirits and soda etc., served with ice in a tall glass 高杯酒 2  a railway signal to proceed 列车可以通行的信号

highbinder /ˈhaibaində/ n. US slang  a ruffian; a swindler; an assassin [美] [俚语]流氓；骗子；杀手

high-born adj.  of noble birth 出身高贵的

highboy /ˈhaibɔi/ n. N. Amer.  a tall chest of drawers on legs [北美]高脚橱柜

highbrow /ˈhaibraʊ/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  intellectual; cultural 有知识的；有文化修养的 ●n.  an intellectual or cultured person 有知识的人；文化修养高的人

high camp n.  sophisticated camp (cf. 参见 CAMP2) 装腔作势；扭捏作态

high card n.  a card that outranks others, esp. the ace or a court card 大牌

high chair n.  an infant's chair with long legs and a tray, for use at meals (婴儿和成人一起吃饭时用的)高脚椅

High Church n. & adj. ●n.  a tradition within the Anglican Church emphasizing ritual, priestly authority, sacraments, and historical continuity with Catholic Christianity 高教会派 ●adj.  of or relating to this tradition 高教会派的

High Churchman n. (pl. -men)  an advocate of High Church principles 高教会派成员(或信徒)

high-class adj.  of high quality 高级的

high colour n.  a flushed complexion 发红的脸色

high command n.  an army commander-in-chief and associated staff (部队的)统帅部；最高指挥部

High Commission n.  an embassy from one Commonwealth country to another 高级专员公署 □ High Commissioner  n.  

High Court n.  1  a supreme court of justice, esp. in England (in full 全称 High Court of Justice) the court of unlimited civil jurisdiction forming part of the Supreme Court (尤指英国)高等法院 2 (often 常作 high court) (in the US) a supreme court in a state (美国)州最高法院

high day n.  a festal day 节日

high enema n.  an enema delivered into the colon 高位灌肠法

Higher /ˈhaiə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (in Scotland) an examination leading to the Scottish Certificate of Education, Higher Grade (苏格兰)高级教育资格证考试

higher animal n.  an animal showing relatively advanced characteristics, e.g. a placental mammal 高级动物(具有较进化的特征，如有胎盘哺乳动物)

higher court n.  a court that can overrule the decision of another 上级法院

higher criticism n. (prec. by 前接 the)  criticism dealing with the origin and character etc. of texts, esp. of biblical writings 高等考证(对文章的起源和特征等进行考证，尤指对《圣经》的考证)

higher education n.  education at university etc., esp. to degree level 高等教育(尤指获得学位的大学教育)

higher mathematics n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  advanced mathematics as taught at university etc. 高等数学

higher plant n.  a plant showing relatively advanced characteristics, e.g. a flowering plant 高级植物(具有较高级的特征，如开花的植物)

higher-up n. (pl. higher-ups) colloq.  a person of higher rank; a superior [口]上级，上司；首长

highest common factor /ˈhaiist/ n.  the highest number that can be divided exactly into each of two or more numbers 最大公约数，最大公因数

high explosive n.  an extremely explosive substance used in shells, bombs, etc. 高爆炸药；烈性炸药

highfalutin /haifəˈlu:tin/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 highfaluting /-tiŋ/) colloq. [口] ●adj.  absurdly pompous or pretentious 夸张的，浮夸的；傲慢的 ●n.  speech or writing of this kind 夸张的语言；夸张的文章 [perhaps from HIGH + fluting pres. part. of FLUTE v.]

high fashion n.  = HAUTE COUTURE 

high fidelity n.  the reproduction of sound with little distortion, giving a result very similar to the original 高保真度

high finance n.  financial transactions involving large sums 巨额融资

high-five n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n.  a gesture of celebration or greeting in which two people slap each other's palms with their arms outstretched over their heads 举手击掌(庆贺或问候的手势) ●v. tr.  greet with a high-five 举手击掌致意

high-flown adj. (of language etc.) extravagant, bombastic (指语言等)夸张的；言过其实的

high-flyer n. (also 亦作 high-flier)  1  a person with the potential and usu. ambition to succeed, esp. academically or in business (学术上或商业界)有抱负的人；志向很大的人 2  a thing with potential for exceptional, usu. commercial, achievement 可能取得巨大(通常指商业)成绩的事物  high-flyer of the sports car range  跑车中的抢手货 □ high-flying  adj.  

high frequency n.  a frequency, esp. in radio, of 3 － 30 megahertz 高频(尤指无线电频谱中 3 至 30 兆赫的频段)

high gear n.  a gear such that the driven end of a transmission revolves faster than the driving end 高档，高速档

High German n.  a literary and cultured form of German, originally used in the highlands or south of Germany 标准德语，高地德语(最初用于德国高地或南方)

high-grade adj.  of high quality 高级的，优质的，上等的

high ground n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a position of superiority in a debate etc. (辩论等中)处于优势地位  the moral high ground  在道德上处于优势地位

high-handed adj.  disregarding others' feelings; overbearing 高压的；专横的 □ high-handedly  adv.  □ high-handedness  n.  

high hat n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a tall hat; a top hat 高顶帽；大礼帽 2  a pair of foot-operated cymbals 踩钹 3  a snobbish or overbearing person 势利的人；傲慢的人 ●adj. (作 high-hat)  supercilious; snobbish 傲慢的；势利的 ●v. (作 high-hat) (-hatted, -hatting) US [美]  1 tr.  treat superciliously 傲慢地对待 2 intr.  assume a superior attitude 神气活现；瞧不起人

high heels n. pl.  women's shoes with high heels 高跟鞋 □ high-heeled  adj.  

high holiday n.  the Jewish New Year or the Day of Atonement (犹太教的)新年；赎罪日

high-income attrib. adj.  1  of or relating to the income group of people earning high salaries 高薪阶层的 2  with a high national income 国家(财政)收入高的 3 (of an investment) with or offering a high dividend (指投资)高收益的

high jinks n. pl.  boisterous joking or merrymaking 戏谑，戏弄；狂欢作乐

high jump n.  1  an athletic event consisting of jumping as high as possible over a bar of adjustable height 跳高 2 Brit. colloq.  a drastic punishment [英口]严厉惩罚  he's for the high jump  他会受到严厉惩罚的 □ high-jumper  n.  

high-key adj. Photog.  consisting of light tones only 【摄】高调的，亮调的

high kick n.  a dancer's kick high in the air (舞蹈中的)大踢腿 □ high-kicking  attrib. adj.  

highland /ˈhailənd/ n. & adj. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an area of high or mountainous land 高地，高原；山岳地带 2 (作 the Highlands)  the mountainous part of Scotland 苏格兰高地 ●adj.  1  relating to high or mountainous land 高地的；山岳地带的 2 (作 Highland)  of or relating to the Highlands 苏格兰高地的 □ highlander  n. (also 亦作 Highlander)  □ Highlandman  n. (pl. -men)   [Old English hēahlond ‘promontory’ (as HIGH, LAND)]

Highland cattle n.  1  cattle of a shaggy-haired breed with long curved widely spaced horns 高原牛(牛毛粗浓，牛角长且弯曲) 2  this breed 高原牛品种

Highland dress n.  the Scottish kilt etc. 苏格兰高地人服装(苏格兰方格呢短裙等)

Highland fling  see 见 FLING n. 3 

high latitudes n. pl.  regions near the poles 高纬度地区

high-level adj.  1 (of negotiations etc.) conducted by high-ranking people (指谈判等)由高阶层人员进行的 2 Computing (of a programming language) that is not machine-dependent and is usu. at a level of abstraction close to natural language 【计算】(指程序语言)高级的

high life n. (also 亦作 high living)  a luxurious existence ascribed to the upper classes 上层社会的奢侈生活

highlight /ˈhailait/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in a painting etc.) a light area, or one seeming to reflect light (指绘画等)强光部分，最亮的部分 2  a moment or detail of vivid interest; an outstanding feature 最精彩的时刻；最有趣的部分；最突出的特征 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a bright tint in the hair, esp. one produced by bleaching or dyeing 头发上发亮的色彩(尤指染成浅色) ●v. tr.  1  a  bring into prominence; draw attention to 使突出，使显著；使注意力集中于b  mark with a highlighter 用荧光笔标记 2  create highlights in (the hair) (用浅色染发)产生强光效果

highlighter /ˈhailaitə/ n.  a marker pen which overlays colour on a printed word etc., leaving it legible and emphasized 荧光笔

high-lows n. pl. archaic  boots reaching over the ankles [古义] (至脚踝的)高帮靴

highly /ˈhaili/ adv.  1  in a high degree 高度，非常  highly amusing  极有趣的 highly probable  可能性很大 commend it highly  极力推荐它 2  honourably; favourably 赞许地；称赞地  think highly of him  对他评价很高 [Old English hēalīce (as HIGH)]

highly strung adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  very sensitive or nervous 十分敏感的；精神紧张的

High Mass n.  Mass with incense, music, and usu. the assistance of a deacon and subdeacon 大弥撒(有焚香、唱诵，通常由助祭和副助祭协助进行)

high-minded adj.  1  having high moral principles 思想高尚的；境界崇高的 2 archaic  proud [古义]高傲的；傲慢的 □ high-mindedly  adv.  □ high-mindedness  n.  

high-muck-a-muck /ˈhaimʌkəmʌk/ n. (also 亦作 high-muckety-muck /-mʌkətimʌk/) N. Amer.  a person of great self-importance [北美]自以为了不起的人；自命不凡的人 [perhaps from Chinook hiu ‘plenty’ + muckamuck ‘food’]

highness /ˈhainis/ n.  1  the state of being high (cf. 参见 HEIGHT) 高；高度  highness of taxation  税收高 2 (作 Highness)  a title used in addressing and referring to a prince or princess 对王子和公主的称呼  Her Highness  殿下(用于间接称呼) Your Royal Highness  殿下(用于直接称呼) [Old English hēanes (as HIGH)]

high-octane adj. (of fuel used in internal-combustion engines) having good antiknock properties, not detonating readily during the power stroke (指内燃机所用的燃料)高辛烷值的；具有良好抗爆性的，不易引爆的

high-pitched adj.  1 (of a sound) high (指声音)尖声的；声调高的 2 (of a roof) steep (指屋顶)陡峭的；高坡的 3 (of style etc.) lofty (指风格等)崇高的；高傲的

high places n. pl.  the upper ranks of an organization etc. (组织中的)上层，上级

high point n.  the maximum or best state reached 顶点，极限；最佳状态

high polymer n.  a polymer having a high molecular weight 高聚物

high-powered adj.  1  having great power or energy 大功率的；精力充沛的，干劲十足的 2  important or influential 重要的；有影响力的

high pressure n.  1  a high degree of activity or exertion 高度紧张，高压 2  a condition of the atmosphere with the pressure above average e.g. in an anticyclone 高气压(如在反气旋中)

high priest n.  1  a chief priest, esp. hist. Jewish ([尤史义]犹太人的)祭司长 2 (fem. high priestess)  the head of any cult (运动、主义的)领导者；主要人物

high profile n.  exposure to attention or publicity 公开态度；明确立场 usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符 : high-profile event  大众注目的事件；公开的事件

high-quality adj.  of high quality 高质量的；优质的

high-ranking adj.  of high rank, senior 级别高的，高级的

high relief  see 见 RELIEF 6a 

high-rise adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a building) having many storeys (指建筑物)多层的；高层的 ●n.  such a building 高层建筑

high-risk attrib. adj.  involving or exposed to danger 有危险的  high-risk sports  有危险的运动

high road n.  1 Brit.  a main road [英]主路；大路，公路 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a direct route 捷径；最佳途径  on the high road to success  踏上通向成功的捷径

high roller n. N. Amer. slang  a person who gambles large sums or spends freely [北美] [俚语]狂赌的人；挥金如土的人

high school n.  1 Brit.  a grammar school [英]文法学校 2 N. Amer. & Sc.  a secondary school [北美和苏格兰]中学

high sea n. (also 亦作 high seas pl.)  open seas not within any country's jurisdiction 公海

high season n.  the period of the greatest number of visitors at a resort etc. 旺季

high-security attrib. adj.  1 (of a prison, lock, etc.) extremely secure (指监狱、锁等)极其安全的；防备措施严密的 2 (of a prisoner) kept in a high-security prison (指犯人)在防范严密的监狱中服刑的

High Sheriff  see 见 SHERIFF 1a 

high sign n. US colloq.  a surreptitious gesture indicating that all is well or that the coast is clear [美口]暗号(表示一切顺利或海岸无情况)

high-sounding adj.  pretentious, bombastic 夸大的；虚夸的

high-speed attrib. adj.  1  operating at great speed 高速的，快速的 2 (of steel) suitable for tools, cutting so rapidly as to become red-hot (指钢铁)适于作切削刀具的；高速的

high spirit n.  1  see 见 SPIRIT n. 6c  2 (in pl. 用复数)  cheerfulness 高兴，兴奋，快乐 3 (in pl. 用复数)  = HIGH JINKS  □ in high spirits   very cheerful; in a very good mood 兴高采烈的；情绪高涨的

high-spirited adj.  vivacious; cheerful 快乐的，欢欣的

high spot n. colloq.  the most enjoyable feature, moment, or experience [口]最吸引人的特色；最令人愉快的时刻或经历 □ hit the high spots   1  visit the most notable places 游览名胜风景 2  go to excess or extremes 走极端；做得过分

high-stepper n.  1  a horse that lifts its feet high when walking or trotting 前进时抬高脚步的马 2  a stately person 庄重的人 □ high-stepping  attrib. adj.  

High Steward  see 见 STEWARD n. 6 

high street n. Brit.  a main road, esp. the principal shopping street of a town [英]大街(尤指主要的商业街) usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符 : high-street bank  商业街上的银行

high-strung adj.  = HIGHLY STRUNG 

hight /hait/ adj. archaic, poet., or joc.  called; named [古义] [诗] [诙]被称为，被叫做 [past part. of Middle English hight from Old English hɑˉtan ‘command, call’]

high table n. Brit.  a table on a platform at a public dinner or for the fellows of a college [英] (宴会上的)贵宾桌；大学校长和导师的餐桌

hightail /ˈhaiteil/ v. intr. N. Amer. colloq.  move at high speed [北美口]快跑，疾奔；迅速离开

high tea n. Brit.  a main evening meal usu. consisting of a cooked dish, bread and butter, tea, etc. [英]傍晚茶，下午茶(通常有肉食食品、奶油面包、茶等)

high-tech adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of interior design etc.) imitating styles more usual in industry etc., esp. using steel, glass, or plastic in a functional way (指室内装潢)使用工业材料的 2  employing, requiring, or involved in high technology 采用高技术的 ●n. (作 high tech)  = HIGH TECHNOLOGY 

high technology n.  advanced technological development, esp. in electronics (尤指电子工业的)高技术

high-tensile adj. (of metal) having great tensile strength (指金属)高强度的；伸张力强的

high tension n.  = HIGH VOLTAGE 

high tide n.  1  the state of the tide when at its highest or fullest level 高潮 2  the time of this 高潮期

high time n.  a time that is late or overdue 该立即做某事的时候；早该  it is high time they arrived  他们早该到了

high-toned adj.  stylish; dignified; superior 时髦的；高贵的；优秀的

high treason  see 见 TREASON 1 

high-up n. colloq.  a person of high rank [口]高职位的人；高级官员，要人 □ higher-up  n.  

high voltage n.  electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage if diverted, as in power transmission cables 高电压

high water n.  = HIGH TIDE 

high water mark n.  1  the level reached by the sea etc. at high tide 高水位线；高潮线 2  the maximum recorded value or highest point of excellence 顶峰，顶点

highway /ˈhaiwei/ n.  1  a  a public road 公路b  a main route (by land or water) (陆路或水路)交通干线 2  a direct course of action 捷径  on the highway to success  踏上通往成功的捷径

Highway Code n. (in the UK) the official booklet of guidance for road users (英国)公路法规手册

highwayman /ˈhaiweimən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. highwaywoman, pl. -women) hist.  a robber of passengers, travellers, etc., usu. mounted [史义] (通常骑马的)拦路强盗

high wire n.  a high tightrope 拉紧的绳索

high words n. pl.  angry talk 愤怒的话

high yellow n. US offens.  a light-skinned person of mixed black and white parentage [美] [冒犯]皮肤浅褐色的黑人

HIH abbr. Brit.  Her or His Imperial Highness [缩略] [英]殿下(用于间接称呼)

hijack /ˈhaidʒæk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  seize control of (a loaded lorry, an aircraft in flight, etc.), esp. to force it to a different destination 劫持(载货的卡车、运行中的飞机等，尤指强迫其改变目的地) 2  seize (goods) in transit 拦路抢劫(运输中的货物) 3  take over (an organization etc.) by force or subterfuge in order to redirect it (通过武力或欺骗)接管(组织机构等) ●n.  an instance of hijacking 抢劫；劫持 □ hijacker  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

Hijra var.  of HEGIRA  HEGIRA 的变体

hike /haik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long country walk, esp. with rucksacks etc. (尤指背着帆布背包)远足，徒步旅行 2  an increase (of prices etc.) (指价格等的)上涨，上升 ●v.  1 intr.  walk for a long distance, esp. across country with boots, rucksack, etc. 远足，徒步旅行 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a tr.  hitch up (clothing etc.); hoist; shove 拉上(衣服等)；提起b intr.  work upwards out of place, become hitched up 上升 3 tr.  increase (prices etc.) 提高，增加 □ hiker  n.   [19th-c. dialect: origin unknown]

hila pl.  of HILUM  

hilarious /hiˈlɛəriəs/ adj.  1  exceedingly funny 滑稽的；可笑的 2  boisterously merry 欢闹的 □ hilariously  adv.  □ hilariousness  n.  □ hilarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.   [Latin hilaris from Greek hilaros ‘cheerful’]

Hilary /ˈhiləri/   希拉里 [人名]

Hilary term /ˈhiləri/ n. Brit.  the university term beginning in January, esp. at Oxford [英] (尤指在牛津)一月份开学的大学学期；春季学期 [named after Hilarius bishop of Poitiers (d. 367), whose festival is on 13 Jan.]

Hilda /ˈhildə/   希尔达 [人名]

hill /hil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a naturally raised area of land, not as high as a mountain 小山；丘陵b (as 作 the hills) Anglo-Ind. [印英]  = HILL STATION  2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a heap; a mound 小堆；土堆  anthill  蚁冢 dunghill  粪堆 3  a sloping piece of road (道路的)斜坡 ●v. tr.  1  form into a hill 形成小山 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  bank up (plants) with soil 给(植物)培土 □ old as the hills   very ancient 古老的□ over the hill  colloq. [口]  1  past the prime of life; declining 衰退中，走下坡路的 2  past the crisis 度过危机的□ up hill and down dale   see 见 UP  [Old English hyll]

hill-billy n. (pl. -ies) US [美]  1 colloq., often derog.  a person from a remote or mountainous area, esp. in the Appalachians (cf. 参见 HICK) [口] [常贬]乡下人，山里人(尤指来自北美阿巴拉契亚山区的人) 2  country music of or like that of the southern US (美国南部的)乡村音乐 [HILL + Billy, pet form of the name William]

hill climb n.  a race for vehicles up a steep hill 汽车爬山赛

hill fort n.  a fort built on a hill 山上要塞

hillman /ˈhilmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an inhabitant of hilly country 住在山区的人

hillock /ˈhilək/ n.  a small hill or mound 小丘；土堆 □ hillocky  adj.  

hillside /ˈhilsaid/ n.  the sloping side of a hill 山坡

hill station n.  a government settlement, esp. for holidays etc. during the hot season, in the low mountains of the northern Indian subcontinent 山中避暑地(在印度次大陆北部低矮的山里建的政府住宅区，供度假等)

hilltop /ˈhiltɒp/ n.  the summit of a hill 山顶

hillwalking /ˈhilwɔ:kiŋ/ n.  the pastime of walking in hilly country 山中散步 □ hillwalker  n.  

hilly /ˈhili/ adj. (hillier, hilliest)  having many hills 多小山的；丘陵的 □ hilliness  n.  

hilt /hilt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the handle of a sword, dagger, etc. (剑、匕首等的)把，柄 2  the handle of a tool (工具的)柄 ●v. tr.  provide with a hilt 装柄于 □ up to the hilt   completely 完全地；彻底地 [Old English hilt(e), from Germanic]

hilum /ˈhailəm/ n. (pl. hila /-lə/)  1 Bot.  the point of attachment of a seed to its seed vessel 【植】种脐 2 Anat.  a notch or indentation where a vessel enters an organ 【解】门 [Latin, = little thing, trifle]

HIM abbr. Brit.  Her or His Imperial Majesty [缩略] [英]殿下(间接提及时用)

him /him/ pron.  1 objective case  of HE HE 的宾格形式  I saw him  我看见他了 2 archaic  himself [古义]他自己  fell and hurt him  摔倒伤了自己 [Old English, masc. and neut. dative sing. of HE, IT1]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at HER. 见 HER 的用法说明。 

Himalayan /himəˈleiən/ adj.  of or relating to the Himalaya mountains in Nepal 喜马拉雅山的 [Sanskrit Himalaya, from hima ‘snow’ + ɑˉlaya ‘abode’]

himation /hiˈmætiɒn/ n. hist.  the outer garment worn by the ancient Greeks over the left shoulder and under the right [史义] (古希腊人穿的)大长袍(由左肩披下，露右肩) [Greek]

himself /himˈself/ pron.  1  a emphat. form  of HE or HIM HE 或 HIM 的强调形式  he himself will do it  他自己会做b refl. form  of HIM HIM 的反身代词形式  he has hurt himself  他伤了他自己 2  in his normal state of body or mind 他的正常状况  does not feel quite himself today  他今天不舒服 3 esp. Ir.  a third party of some importance; the master of the house [尤爱尔兰]重要人物；男主人 □ be himself   act in his normal unconstrained manner (他)行为无拘无束□ by himself   see 见 by oneself  [Old English (as HIM, SELF)]

Hinayana /hi:nəˈjɑ:nə/ n.  = THERAVADA  [Sanskrit, from hīna ‘lesser’ + yɑˉna ‘vehicle’]

hind1 /haind/ adj. (esp. of parts of the body) situated at the back, posterior (opp. 反义 FORE adj.) (尤指身体的部分)后面的；后部的  hind leg  后腿 □ on one's hind legs   see 见 LEG  [Middle English, perhaps shortened from Old English bihindan BEHIND]

hind2 /haind/ n.  a female deer (usu. a red deer or sika), esp. in and after the third year (尤指 3 岁以上的)雌鹿(通常指赤鹿或梅花鹿) [Old English from Germanic]

hind3 /haind/ n. hist. [史义]  1 esp. Sc.  a skilled farmworker, usu. married and with a tied cottage, and formerly having charge of two horses [尤苏格兰]农场的熟练工 2 Brit.  a steward on a farm [英]农场的管家 3  a rustic, a boor 乡下人，庄稼汉 [Middle English hine from Old English hīne (pl.), apparently from hī(g)na, genitive pl. of hīgan, hīwan ‘members of a family’ (cf. HIDE3): for -d cf. SOUND1]

hindbrain /ˈhain(d)brein/ n. Anat.  the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata Also called 亦称作 rhombencephalon 【解】后脑

hinder1 /ˈhində/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  impede; delay; prevent 阻碍；妨碍  you will hinder him  你会妨碍他的 hindered me from working  扰我工作 [Old English hindrian, from Germanic]

hinder2 /ˈhaində/ adj.  rear, hind 后面的；后部的  the hinder part  后部 [Middle English, perhaps from Old English hinderweard ‘backward’: cf. HIND1]

Hindi /ˈhindi/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a group of spoken dialects of northern India 印度北部的方言 2  a literary form of Hindustani with a Sanskrit-based vocabulary and the Devanagari script, an official language of India 印地语 ●adj.  of or concerning Hindi 印地语的 [Urdu hindī from Hind ‘India’]

hindmost /ˈhain(d)məʊst/ adj.  furthest behind; most remote 最后面的；最后部的

Hindoo archaic var.  of HINDU [古义] HINDU 的变体

hindquarters /hain(d)ˈkwɔ:təz/ n. pl.  the hind legs and adjoining parts of a quadruped (四足动物的)后腿及臀部

hindrance /ˈhindr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of hindering; the state of being hindered 阻碍；障碍 2  a thing that hinders; an obstacle 阻碍者；障碍物

hindsight /ˈhain(d)sait/ n.  1  wisdom after the event 事后聪明  realized with hindsight that they were wrong  事后认识到他们错了 2  the backsight of a gun 后瞄准器

Hindu /ˈhindu:, hinˈdu:/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 archaic [古义] Hindoo) ●n. (pl. Hindus)  1  a follower of Hinduism 印度教教徒 2 archaic  an Indian [古义]印度人 ●adj.  1  of or concerning Hindus or Hinduism 印度人的；印度教的 2 archaic  Indian [古义]印度的 [Urdu from Persian, from Hind ‘India’]

Hinduism /ˈhindʊiz(ə)m/ n.  the main religious and social system of India, including belief in reincarnation, the worship of several gods, and a caste system as the basis of society 印度教 □ Hinduize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

Hindustani /hindʊˈstɑ:ni/ n. & adj. ●n. hist. [史义]  1  a group of mutually intelligible languages and dialects spoken in north-west India, principally Hindi and Urdu 印度斯坦语(主要为印地语和乌尔都语) 2  the Delhi dialect of Hindi, widely used throughout India as a lingua franca (在印度广泛用作族际通用语的)德里方言 ●adj.  of or relating to the culture of north-west India 印度斯坦文化的 [Urdu from Persian hindūstɑˉnī (as HINDU + -stɑˉn ‘country’)]■Usage 用法说明 Hindustani was the usual term in the 18th and 19th centuries for the native language of north-west India. The usual modern term is Hindi, although Hindustani is still sometimes used to refer to the lingua franca. 在 18 世纪和 19 世纪 Hindustani 指印度西北部的语言，现代用语为 Hindi 。 Hindustani 有时仍可指通用语。 

hinge /hin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a movable, usu. metal, joint or mechanism such as that by which a door is hung on a side post 铰链；折叶，合叶b Biol.  a natural joint performing a similar function, e.g. that of a bivalve shell 【生】铰合部，蝶铰 2  a central point or principle on which everything depends 关键，枢纽 ●v. (hingeing or hinging)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  a  depend (on a principle, an event, etc.) 依…而定，以…为转移  all hinges on his acceptance  一切都取决于他是否接受b (of a door etc.) hang and turn (on a post etc.) (指门等)转动 2 tr.  attach with or as if with a hinge (好似)用铰链连接 □ hinged  adj.  □ hingeless  adj.  □ hingewise  adv.   [Middle English heng etc., related to HANG]

hinny1 /ˈhini/ n. (pl. -ies)  the offspring of a female donkey and a male horse 驴骡(为母驴与公马所生) [Latin hinnus from Greek hinnos]

hinny2 /ˈhini/ n. (also 亦作 hinnie) (pl. -ies) Sc. & N. Engl. (esp. as a form of address) darling, sweetheart [苏格兰和英格兰北部] (尤用于称呼)亲爱的，宝贝儿 [variant of HONEY]

hint /hint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight or indirect indication or suggestion 暗示；示意  took the hint and left  领会了暗示，然后走了 2  a small piece of practical information 建议，指南  handy hints on cooking  烹饪指南 3  a very small trace; a suggestion 线索；细微的迹象  a hint of perfume  一丝香水味 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  suggest slightly 暗示，示意，提示  hinted the contrary  暗示正好相反 hinted that they were wrong  暗示他们错了 □ hint at   give a hint of; refer indirectly to 暗示，提示 [apparently from obsolete hent ‘grasp, lay hold of’, from Old English hentan, from Germanic: related to HUNT]

hinterland /ˈhintəlænd/ n.  1  the often deserted or uncharted areas beyond a coastal district or a river's banks 内地，腹地 2  an area served by a port or other centre (港口或其他中心区域的)外围地区 3  a remote or fringe area 偏僻的地区，穷乡僻壤 [German, from hinter ‘behind’ + Land LAND]

hip1 /hip/ n.  1  a projection of the pelvis and upper thigh bone on each side of the body in human beings and quadrupeds 臀；髋 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the circumference of the body at the buttocks 臀部；髋部 3 Archit.  the sharp edge of a roof from ridge to eaves where two sides meet 【建】屋脊 □ on the hip  archaic  at a disadvantage [古义]处于不利地位□ hipless  adj.  □ hipped  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English hype from Germanic: related to HOP1]

hip2 /hip/ n. (also 亦作 hep /hep/)  the fruit of a rose, esp. a wild kind (尤指野)蔷薇果 [Old English hēope, hīope, from West Germanic]

hip3 /hip/ adj. (also 亦作 hep /hep/) (hipper, hippest or hepper, heppest) slang [俚语]  1  following the latest fashion in esp. jazz or popular music, clothes, etc.; stylish (尤指在爵士乐、流行音乐、时装等方面)赶时髦的；流行的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  understanding, aware 知晓的，了解的 □ hipness  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

hip4 /hip/ int.  introducing a united cheer 希普(用来引起一连串的欢呼)  hip, hip, hooray  希普，希普，万岁 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hip bath n.  a portable bath in which a person sits 坐浴浴盆

hip bone n.  a bone forming the hip, esp. the ilium 髋骨(尤指髂骨)

hip flask n.  a flask for spirits etc., carried in a hip pocket (可放在裤子后面口袋的)酒瓶

hip hop n.  1  a style of popular music of US black and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronic backing 快板音乐(起源于美国黑人和拉美流行音乐，以电声乐伴奏的说唱为特色) 2  the subculture associated with this, including graffiti art, break-dancing, etc. 希普霍普(包括涂鸦艺术、霹雳舞等的亚文化) [20th c.: perhaps from HIP1]

hip joint n.  the articulation of the head of the thigh bone with the ilium 髋关节

hip-length adj. (of a garment) reaching down to the hips (指衣服)长至臀部的，盖住臀部的

hippeastrum /hipiˈæstrəm/ n.  any S. American bulbous plant of the genus Hippeastrum, with showy white or red flowers 孤挺花(南美球根状植物，开艳丽的白色或红色花) [modern Latin, from Greek hippeus ‘horseman’ (the leaves appearing to ride on one another) + astron ‘star’ (from the flower-shape)]

hipped /hipt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) esp. US slang  obsessed, infatuated [尤美] [俚语]着迷的；迷恋的 [past part. of hip = make hip (HIP3)]

hipped roof var.  of HIP ROOF  HIP ROOF 的变体

hippie var.  of HIPPY1  HIPPY1 的变体

hippo /ˈhipəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a hippopotamus [口]河马 [abbreviation]

hippocampus /hipə(ʊ)ˈkæmpəs/ n. (pl. hippocampi /-pi, -pai/)  1  a sea horse of the genus Hippocampus 海马 2 Anat.  the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the centre of emotion and the autonomic nervous system 【解】(脑的)海马状突起 [Latin from Greek hippokampos, from hippos ‘horse’ + kampos ‘sea monster’]

hip pocket n.  a trouser pocket just behind the hip 裤子后面的口袋 □ in one's hip pocket  N. Amer.  completely under control [北美]完全受控制

hippocras /ˈhipəkræs/ n. hist.  wine flavoured with spices [史义]甜酒(加香料的葡萄酒) [Middle English from Old French ipocras ‘Hippocrates’ (see HIPPOCRATIC OATH), probably because strained through a filter called ‘Hippocrates' sleeve’]

Hippocratic oath /hipəˈkrætik/ n. (hist. except in revised form in certain medical schools)  an oath taken by doctors prior to beginning medical practice, affirming their obligations and proper conduct [史义]希波克拉底誓言(医生执业前作出的誓言，保证恪尽职守) [medieval Latin Hippocraticus from Hippocrates, the name of a Greek physician of the 5th c. BC]

Hippocrene /ˈhipəkri:n/ n. poet.  poetic or literary inspiration [诗] (诗歌或文学的)灵感 [name of a fountain on Mount Helicon sacred to the Muses: Latin from Greek, from hippos ‘horse’ + krēnē ‘fountain’, as having been produced by a stroke of Pegasus' hoof]

hippodrome /ˈhipədrəʊm/ n.  1  a music hall, theatre, or dance hall 音乐厅；剧院；歌舞厅 2 Antiq.  a course for chariot races etc. [古]战车竞赛场 3  a circus 马戏杂耍场 [French hippodrome or Latin hippodromus from Greek hippodromos, from hippos ‘horse’ + dromos ‘race, course’]

hippogriff /ˈhipə(ʊ)ɡrif/ n. (also 亦作 hippogryph)  a mythical griffin-like creature with the body of a horse (神话中的)鹰首马身的怪兽 [French hippogriffe from Italian ippogrifo, from Greek hippos ‘horse’ + Italian grifo GRIFFIN]

hippopotamus /hipəˈpɒtəməs/ n. (pl. hippopotamuses or hippopotami /-mai/)  1  a large thick-skinned four-legged mammal, Hippopotamus amphibius, native to Africa, inhabiting rivers, lakes, etc. 河马(四腿哺乳动物，皮厚，体形大，原产非洲，居于河、湖等) 2 (in full 全称 pygmy hippopotamus)  a smaller related mammal, Choeropsis liberiensis, native to Africa, inhabiting forests and swamps 倭河马(原产非洲，居于森林和沼泽) [Middle English via Latin from Greek hippopotamos, from hippos ‘horse’ + potamos ‘river’]

hippy1 /ˈhipi/ n. (also 亦作 hippie) (pl. -ies) (esp. in the 1960s) a person of unconventional appearance, typically with long hair, jeans, beads, etc., often associated with hallucinogenic drugs and a rejection of conventional values 嬉皮士(尤指在 20 世纪 60 年代出现于美国的青年，其典型特征为蓄长发、穿牛仔装、戴珠链等，常服用引起幻觉的麻醉剂，具有反传统价值观) [HIP3]

hippy2 /ˈhipi/ adj.  having large hips 臀部肥大的

hip roof n. (also 亦作 hipped roof)  a roof with the sides and the ends inclined 四坡屋顶，斜截头屋顶

hipster1 /hipstə/ adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●adj. (of a garment) hanging from the hips rather than the waist (指裤腰、裙腰)低及臀部的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  trousers hanging from the hips 裤腰低及臀部的裤子

hipster2 /hipstə/ n. slang  a person who is hip; a hepcat [俚语]赶时髦的人；爵士乐乐迷，爵士乐乐手 □ hipsterism  n.   [HIP3]

hiragana /hirəˈɡɑ:nə, hiərə-/ n.  the cursive form of Japanese syllabic writing or kana (cf. 参见 KATAKANA) (日语的)平假名 [Japanese, = plain kana]

hircine /ˈhɜ:sain/ adj.  goatlike (像)山羊的；羊膻味的 [Latin hircinus from hircus ‘he-goat’]

hire /ˈhaiə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  procure the temporary use of (a thing) for an agreed payment 租用；租借  hired a van from them  向他们租了一辆货车 2 esp. US  employ (a person) for wages or a fee [尤美]雇用 ●n.  1  hiring or being hired 租用；雇用 2  payment for this 租金；工钱 3 N. Amer.  a recently recruited employee [北美]新雇员 □ for (or on) hire   ready to be hired 供租借的；供雇用的□ hire out   1  grant the temporary use of (a thing) for an agreed payment 出租 2 refl.  make oneself available for employment 可接受雇用；受雇于□ hireable  adj. (US [美] hirable)  □ hirer  n.   [Old English hyˉrian, hyˉr, from West Germanic]

hire car n. Brit.  a car available for hire [英]供出租的车

hired girl n. (also 亦作 hired man) N. Amer.  a domestic servant, esp. on a farm [北美] (尤指农场的)女佣

hireling /ˈhaiəliŋ/ n. usu. derog.  a person who works for hire [通常贬]雇工(专为挣钱而工作) [Old English hyˉrling (as HIRE, -LING1)]

hire purchase n. Brit.  a system by which a person may purchase a thing by regular payments while having the use of it [英]分期付款购买法

hirsute /ˈhɜ:sju:t/ adj.  1  hairy, shaggy 多毛的；毛发蓬乱的 2  untrimmed 杂乱的，未修饰的 □ hirsuteness  n.   [Latin hirsutus]

hirsutism /ˈhɜ:sju:tiz(ə)m/ n.  the excessive growth of hair on the face and body (脸上和身上)多毛(症)

hirundine /hiˈrʌndain/ n. & adj. ●n.  a bird of the swallow family Hirundinidae 燕 ●adj.  of or relating to swallows 燕子的 [Latin hirundo ‘swallow’ + -INE1]

his /hiz/ poss. det. & poss. pron. ●poss. det.  1  of or belonging to him 他的  his house  他的房子 his own business  他自己的生意 2 (作 His) (in titles) that he is (用于称呼)荣衔是…的他  His Majesty  陛下(用于间接称呼) ●poss. pron.  the one or ones belonging to or associated with him 他的(所有物)  it is his  这是他的 his are over there  他的在那儿 □ his and hers  joc. (of matching items) for husband and wife, or men and women [诙] (指配对用品)供夫妇用的；男用和女用配对的□ of his   of or belonging to him 他的  a friend of his  他的一个朋友 [Old English, genitive of HE, IT1]

Hispanic /hiˈspænik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Spain or to Spain and Portugal 西班牙的；西班牙和葡萄牙的 2  of Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries 西班牙和其他讲西班牙语国家的 ●n.  a Spanish-speaking person, esp. one of Latin American descent, living in the US 讲西班牙语的人(尤指住在美国的拉丁美洲后裔) □ Hispanicize  /-saiz/ v. tr. (also -ise)   [Latin Hispanicus from Hispania ‘Spain’]

Hispanist /ˈhispənist/ n. (also 亦作 Hispanicist /hiˈspænisist/)  an expert in or student of the language, literature, and civilization of Spain 研究西班牙语言、文学和文化的专家(或学者)

Hispano- /hiˈspænəʊ/ comb. form  Spanish [构词成分]西班牙的 [Latin Hispanus ‘Spanish’]

hispid /ˈhispid/ adj. Bot. & Zool. 【植】【动】  1  rough with bristles; bristly 有鬃的；有刚毛的 2  shaggy 有粗毛的 [Latin hispidus]

hiss /his/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a person, snake, goose, etc.) make a sharp sibilant sound, esp. as a sign of disapproval or derision (指人、蛇、鹅等)发嘶嘶声；发出嘘声(尤用来表示不赞成或嘲笑)  audience booed and hissed  观众发出嘘声 the water hissed on the hotplate  水在电炉上嘶嘶作响 2 tr.  express disapproval of (a person etc.) by hisses 用嘘声表示(对人等)不满 3 tr.  whisper (a threat etc.) urgently or angrily 急促或生气地低声说出(恐吓等)  ‘Get back!’ he hissed  “回来！”他咬牙说道 ●n.  1  a sharp sibilant sound as of the letter s, esp. as an expression of disapproval or derision 嘘声(尤指表示不满或嘲笑) 2 Electronics  unwanted interference at audio frequencies 【电子学】高频噪声 □ hiss away (or down)   drive off etc. by hisses 用嘘声赶走□ hiss off   drive (an actor etc.) off stage by hissing 用嘘声将(演员等)赶下台 [Middle English: imitative]

hist /hist/ int. archaic  used to call attention, enjoin silence, incite a dog, etc. [古义]嘘(用于引起注意、使肃静、嗾狗等) [16th c.: a natural exclamation]

histamine /ˈhistəmi:n/ n. Biochem.  an amine causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries, released by most cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions 【生化】组胺 □ histaminic  /-ˈminik/ adj.   [HISTO- + AMINE]

histidine /ˈhistidi:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid present in proteins and from which histamine is derived 【生化】组氨酸 [Greek histos ‘web, tissue’]

histo- /ˈhistəʊ/ comb. form (also hist- before a vowel 元音前亦作 hist-) Biol.  tissue [构词成分]【生】组织 [Greek histos ‘web, tissue’]

histochemistry /histəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the study of the identification and distribution of the chemical constituents of tissues by means of stains, indicators, and microscopy 组织化学 □ histochemical  adj.  

histogenesis /histəʊˈdʒenisis/ n.  the formation of tissues 组织发生 □ histogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

histogeny /hiˈstɒdʒini/ n.  = HISTOGENESIS  □ histogenic  /histəˈdʒenik/ adj.  

histogram /ˈhistəɡræm/ n. Statistics  a chart consisting of rectangles (usu. drawn vertically from a baseline) whose areas and positions are proportional to the value or range of a number of variables 【统计学】柱状图 [Greek histos ‘mast, web’ + -GRAM]

histology /hiˈstɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the microscopic structure of tissues 组织学 □ histological  /histəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ histologist  /hiˈstɒlədʒist/ n.  

histolysis /hiˈstɒlisis/ n.  the breaking down of tissues 组织溶解 □ histolytic  /-təˈlitik/ adj.  

histone /ˈhistəʊn/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin 【生化】组蛋白 [German Histon, perhaps from Greek histamai ‘arrest’, or as HISTO-]

histopathology /ˌhistəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  1  changes in tissues caused by disease 组织病变 2  the study of these 组织病理学 □ histopathological  /-pæθəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ histopathologist  n.  

historian /hiˈstɔ:riən/ n.  1  a writer of history, esp. a critical analyst, rather than a compiler 撰史者 2  a person learned in or studying history 历史学家  English historian  英国历史学家 ancient historian  古历史学家 [French historien from Latin (as HISTORY)]

historiated /hiˈstɔ:rieitid/ adj.  = STORIATED  [medieval Latin historiare (as HISTORY)]

historic /hiˈstɒrik/ adj.  1  famous or important in history or potentially so 历史上著名的，历史上有重大意义的  a historic moment  历史时刻 2 Gram. (of a tense) normally used in the narration of past events (esp. Latin & Greek imperfect and pluperfect; cf. 参见 PRIMARY adj. 9) 【语法】历史的(在叙述过去事件时使用的一种时态，尤指拉丁语和希腊语的未完成式和过去完成式) 3 archaic or disp. [古义] [异议]  = HISTORICAL  [Latin historicus from Greek historikos (as HISTORY)]■Usage 用法说明 Note the relatively limited scope of usage of historic as compared with historical. Apart from the specialist use in grammatical terminology, historic is confined to meaning ‘famous or important with regards to history’, as in a historic event. 和 historical 相比， historic 的用法较有限。除了专用于语法术语中， historic 限于表示“历史上著名的或重要的”，如 a historic event (历史上著名的事件)。 

historical /hiˈstɒrik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or concerning history 历史的  historical evidence  历史证据 2  belonging to history, not to prehistory or legend 历史上的(不是史前的或传说的) 3 (of the study of a subject) based on an analysis of its development over a period (学科研究)按历史演变分析的 4  belonging to the past, not the present 过去的 5 (of a novel, a film, etc.) dealing or professing to deal with historical events (小说、电影等)涉及(或声称涉及)历史事件的 6  in connection with history, from the historian's point of view 与历史相关的；从历史学家的角度的  of purely historical interest  纯粹历史价值的 □ historically  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at HISTORIC. 见 HISTORIC 的用法说明。 

historic infinitive n.  the infinitive when used instead of the indicative 历史不定式(用来代替陈述语气的动词形式)

historicism /hiˈstɒrisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the theory that social and cultural phenomena are determined by history 历史决定论b  the belief that historical events are governed by laws 历史天定论 2  the tendency to regard historical development as the most basic aspect of human existence 历史第一主义 3  an excessive regard for past styles etc. 传统崇拜 □ historicist  n.   [HISTORIC, translating German Historismus]

historicity /histəˈrisiti/ n.  the historical genuineness of an event etc. 历史真实性

historic present n.  the present tense used instead of the past in vivid narration 历史现代时(在叙述过去的事件时为了生动真实而用的现在时)

historiographer /ˌhistɔ:riˈɒɡrəfə, -stɒr-/ n.  1  an expert in or student of historiography 历史学家 2  a writer of history, esp. an official historian 撰史者(尤指官方历史学家) [Middle English via French historiographe or Late Latin historiographus from Greek historiographos (as HISTORY, -GRAPHER)]

historiography /ˌhistɔ:riˈɒɡrəfi, -stɒr-/ n.  1  the writing of history 撰史 2  the study of history-writing 历史编篡学 □ historiographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ historiographical  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [medieval Latin historiographia from Greek (as HISTORY, -GRAPHY)]

history /ˈhist(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a continuous, usu. chronological, record of important or public events 历史 2  a  the study of past events, esp. human affairs 历史研究(尤指人类事件的研究)b  the total accumulation of past events, esp. relating to human affairs or to the accumulation of developments connected with a particular nation, person, thing, etc. 过去事件的记载  our island history  我们岛屿的发展史 the history of astronomy  天文学的历史 he has a history of illness  他生病有年头了 3  an eventful past 沿革，来历  this house has a history  这房子有来历 4  a  a systematic or critical account of or research into a past event or events etc. 过去事件的记载或研究b  a similar record or account of natural phenomena (对自然现象的)系统阐述 5  a historical play 历史剧 □ make history   1  influence the course of history 创造历史；影响历史的进程 2  do something memorable 做出值得纪念的事 [Middle English via Latin historia from Greek historia ‘finding out, narrative, history’, from histōr ‘learned, wise man’: related to WIT2]

histrionic /histriˈɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning actors or acting 演员的；表演的 2 (of behaviour) theatrical, dramatic (指举止)演戏似的；做作的；戏剧性的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  insincere and dramatic behaviour designed to impress 装腔作势，矫揉造作b  theatricals; theatrical art 戏剧表演；戏剧艺术 2 archaic  an actor [古义]演员 □ histrionically  adv.   [Late Latin histrionicus from Latin histrio -onis ‘actor’]

hit /hit/ v. & n. ●v. (hitting; past and past part. hit)  1 tr.  a  strike with a blow or a missile 打，击b (of a moving body) strike (指运行的物体)碰撞  the plane hit the ground  飞机栽到了地上c  reach (a target, a person, etc.) with a directed missile 击中，命中(目标、人等)  hit the window with the ball  用球击中窗户 2 tr.  cause to suffer or affect adversely; wound 打击，使受痛苦；伤害  the loss hit him hard  这次损失对他打击很大 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, against, upon)  direct a blow 打，打击 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, on)  knock (a part of the body) 撞击(身体某部位)  hit his head on the door frame  他的头撞到门框上 5 tr.  light upon; get at (a thing aimed at) (see 见 hit on) (无意中)发现，找到  he's hit the truth at last  他终于发现了真理 tried to hit the right tone in his apology  努力找到道歉的正确语调 6 tr. colloq. [口]  a  encounter 遇到，碰上  hit a snag  碰到困难b  arrive at 到达  hit an all-time low  到达历史最低点 hit the town  到城里c  indulge in, esp. liquor etc. 沉迷于(尤指酒等)  hit the bottle  酗酒 7 tr. esp. US slang  rob or kill [尤美] [俚语]抢劫；杀死 8 tr.  occur forcefully to 想到，意识到  the seriousness of the situation only hit him later  后来他才意识到情况的严重性 9 tr. Sport 【运动】  a  propel (a ball etc.) with a bat etc. to score runs or points 击(球)得分b  score (runs etc.) in this way 得分c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  strike (a ball or a bowler) for so many runs 击(球)多次得分；打败对手  hit him for six  赢他 6 分 10 tr.  represent exactly 准确反映；迎合 ●n.  1  a  a blow; a stroke 打击b  a collision 碰撞；撞击 2  a shot etc. that hits its target 击中 3 colloq. [口]  a  a popular success, esp. in entertainment (尤指娱乐圈中)风行一时的成功，红极一时b  a successful pop record 风靡一时的流行音乐唱片 4  a stroke of sarcasm, wit, etc. 讽刺；妙语，俏皮话 5  a stroke of good luck 好运气 6 esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  a  a murder or other violent crime 谋杀；暴力犯罪b  a drug injection etc. 毒品注射 7  a successful attempt 成功的尝试 □ hit-and-miss   aimed or done carelessly or at random 随意地，漫不经心地□ hit and run   cause (accidental or wilful) damage and escape or leave the scene before being discovered 肇事后逃跑□ hit-and-run  attrib. adj.  relating to or (of a person) committing an act of this kind (指人)肇事后逃逸的□ hit back   retaliate 报复□ hit below the belt   1 esp. Boxing  give a foul blow (尤)【拳击】违规出击 2  treat or behave unfairly 不公平地对待或行事□ hit for six  Brit.  defeat in argument [英]争论中失败□ hit the ground running  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  proceed with enthusiasm and dynamism [尤北美口]劲头十足地干□ hit the hay   see 见 HAY1 □ hit the headlines   see 见 HEADLINE □ hit home   make a salutary impression 留下好印象；使深受感动□ hit it off  (often foll. by 常后跟 with, together)  agree or be congenial 相处得好，合得来□ hit the nail on the head   state the truth exactly 猜中；说得好；正中要害□ hit on (or upon)   find (what is sought), esp. by chance (尤指偶尔)发现，找到□ hit-or-miss   = hit-and-miss □ hit out   deal vigorous physical or verbal blows 猛打；猛烈抨击  hit out at her enemies  狠打她的敌人□ hit the road (US [美] trail)  slang  depart [俚语]离开，离去□ hit the roof   see 见 ROOF □ hit the sack   see 见 SACK1 □ hit the spot   see 见 SPOT □ hit up  Cricket  score (runs) energetically 【板球】得分□ hit wicket  Cricket  an infringement involving striking the wicket with the bat etc., resulting in the dismissal of the batsman 【板球】用球棒击球门等的违规行为(导致击球手被罚出场)□ make a hit  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be successful or popular 成功；盛行，风行□ hitter  n.   [Old English hittan from Old Norse hitta ‘meet with’, of unknown origin]

hitch /hitʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  fasten with a loop, hook, etc.; tether 系住；套住；钩住  hitched the horse to the cart  把马套上马车b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, on to, etc.)  become fastened in this way 被系住；被套住；被钩住  the rod hitched in to the bracket  这根杆子牢系在架子上 2 tr.  move (a thing) with a jerk; shift slightly 猛地移动；稍微移动  hitched the pillow to a comfortable position  把枕头移到更舒服的位置 3 colloq. [口]  a intr.  = HITCH-HIKE b tr.  obtain (a lift) by hitch-hiking 免费搭车 ●n.  1  an impediment; a temporary obstacle 阻碍；故障；暂时的障碍 2  an abrupt pull or push; a jerk 猛拉，猛推；急动 3  a noose or knot of various kinds 套索；绳结 4 colloq.  a free ride in a vehicle [口]免费搭车 5 N. Amer. slang  a period of service [北美] [俚语]服役期 □ get hitched  colloq.  marry [口]结婚□ hitch up   lift (esp. clothing) with a jerk 猛拉，猛提(尤指衣服)□ hitch one's wagon to a star   make use of powers higher than one's own 越权行事□ hitcher  n.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

hitch-hike v. & n. ●v. intr.  travel by seeking free lifts in passing vehicles 免费搭便车旅行 ●n.  a journey made by hitch-hiking 免费搭车的旅行 □ hitch-hiker  n.  

hi-tech /haiˈtek/ adj.  = HIGH-TECH  [abbreviation]

hither /ˈhiðə/ adv. & adj. usu. formal or literary [通常正式] [文学用语] ●adv.  to or towards this place 到这儿；向这儿 ●adj.  situated on this side; the nearer (of two) 位于这边的；(两个中)较近的 [Old English hider: cf. THITHER]

hither and thither adv. (also 亦作 hither and yon)  in various directions; to and fro 四处；来回地

hitherto /hiðəˈtu:, ˈhiðətu:/ adv.  until this time, up to now 至今，迄今

hitherward /ˈhiðəwəd/ adv. archaic  in this direction [古义]向这儿，朝这儿

Hitler /ˈhitlə/ n.  a person who embodies the authoritarian characteristics of Adolf Hitler, German Nazi dictator d.1945 希特勒(纳粹德国元首，独裁专制的化身，死于 1945 年) □ Hitlerite  /-rait/ n. & adj.  

Hitlerism /ˈhitləriz(ə)m/ n.  the political principles or policy of the Nazi Party in Germany 希特勒主义；独裁主义 [HITLER]

hit list n. slang  a list of prospective victims [俚语]黑名单(预谋要杀害的人的名单)

hit man n. (pl. hit men) slang  a male hired assassin [俚语]受雇的男杀手，男职业杀手

hit-out n. Austral. slang  a brisk gallop [澳] [俚语]矫健的飞驰

hit parade n. colloq.  a list of the current best-selling records of popular music [口]最畅销的流行音乐唱片目录

Hittite /ˈhitait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of an ancient people of Asia Minor and Syria 赫梯族人(古代的小亚细亚和叙利亚人) 2  the language of the Hittites 赫梯语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Hittites or their language 赫梯族的；赫梯族人的；赫梯语的 [Hebrew Hittīm]

hit woman n. (pl. hit women) slang  a female hired assassin [俚语]受雇女杀手，女职业杀手

HIV abbr.  human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus which causes Aids [缩略]人类免疫缺陷病毒，艾滋病病毒

hive /haiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a beehive 蜂窝，蜂巢b  the bees in a hive 蜂群 2  a busy swarming place 拥挤的地方；熙熙攘攘的地方 3  a swarming multitude 熙熙攘攘的人群 4  a thing shaped like a hive in being domed (像蜂窝的)半球形物体 ●v.  1 tr.  a  place (bees) in a hive 使(蜂)入蜂窝b  house (people etc.) snugly 给(人等)提供舒适的住处 2 intr.  a  enter a hive 进入蜂窝b  live together like bees (像蜜蜂一样)住一起；密集群居 □ hive off  esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  separate from a larger group 分离；另立 2  a  form into or assign (work) to a subsidiary department or company (将工作)分配给下一级部门b  denationalize or privatize (an industry etc.) 使(产业等)私有化□ hive up   hoard 储存，备用 [Old English hyˉf, from Germanic]

hives /haivz/ n. pl.  1  a skin eruption, esp. nettle-rash 皮肤出疹(尤指荨麻疹) 2 Brit.  inflammation of the larynx etc. [英] (喉部等)发炎 [16th c. (originally Scots) : origin unknown]

hiya /ˈhaijə/ int. colloq.  a word used in greeting [口]你好！(问候用语) [corruption of how are you?]

HK abbr.  Hong Kong [缩略]香港

HL abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) House of Lords 

hl abbr. [缩略]  hectolitre(s) 

HM abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Her (or His) Majesty('s) 陛下 2  a  headmaster (男)校长b  headmistress 女校长 3 Mus.  heavy metal 【音】重金属

h'm /hm/ int. & n. (also 亦作 hmm)  = HEM2, HUM2 

hm abbr. [缩略]  hectometre(s) 

HMG abbr. (in the UK) Her or His Majesty's Government [缩略] (英国)女王或国王陛下的政府，英国政府

HMI abbr. (in the UK) Her or His Majesty's Inspector (of Schools) [缩略] (英国)督学

HMS abbr. (in the UK) Her or His Majesty's Ship [缩略] (英国)皇家军舰

HMSO abbr. (in the UK) Her or His Majesty's Stationery Office [缩略] (英国)文书局

HMV abbr. (in the UK) His Master's Voice [缩略] (英国)“主人之声”牌唱片

HNC abbr. (in the UK) Higher National Certificate [缩略] (英国)国家高级合格证书

HND abbr. (in the UK) Higher National Diploma [缩略] (英国)国家高等技术学校毕业文凭

Ho symb. Chem.  the element holmium [符]【化】(化学元素)钬

ho /həʊ/ int.  1  a  an expression of admiration or (often repeated as ho! ho! etc.) derision, surprise, or triumph 嗬(表示赞美、嘲笑、惊奇或胜利)b (in comb. 用于复合词)  the second element of various exclamations 表感叹词组中的第二个词  heigh-ho  嗨嗬 what ho  什么嗬 2  a call for attention 引起注意的喊声 3 (in comb. 用于复合词) Naut.  an addition to the name of a destination etc. 【海】加在表示目的地的词之后  westward ho  向西嗬 [Middle English, imitative: cf. Old Norse hó]

ho. abbr. [缩略]  house 

hoar /hɔ:/ adj. & n. literary [文学用语] ●adj.  1  grey-haired with age (上了年纪头发)花白的 2  greyish white 灰白色的 3 (of a thing) grey with age (事物)发霉灰白的；陈旧的；古老的 ●n.  1  = HOAR FROST  2  hoariness 花白，灰白；发白 [Old English hɑˉr, from Germanic]

hoard /hɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stock or store (esp. of money) laid by 储藏物，聚藏(尤指钱) 2  an amassed store of facts etc. 收集的事实等 3 Archaeol.  an ancient store of treasure etc. 【考古】宝藏 ●v.  1 tr. (often absol. [常含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 up)  amass (money etc.) and put away; store 贮藏，积聚(钱财等) 2 intr.  accumulate more than one's current requirements of food etc. in a time of scarcity (在奇缺时期)囤积(食物等) 3 tr.  store in the mind 珍藏在心中 □ hoarder  n.   [Old English hord, from Germanic]

hoarding /ˈhɔ:diŋ/ n.  1 Brit.  a large, usu. wooden, structure used to carry advertisements etc. [英]广告牌 2  a board fence erected round a building site etc., often used for displaying posters etc. (常用于张贴海报等的)招贴板 [obsolete hoard via Anglo-French h(o)urdis from Old French hourd, hort, related to HURDLE]

hoar frost n.  frozen water vapour deposited in clear still weather on vegetation etc. (晴天时凝结在植物等上的)白霜

hoarhound var.  of HOREHOUND  HOREHOUND 的变体

hoarse /hɔ:s/ adj.  1 (of the voice) rough and deep; husky; croaking (声音)嘶哑的，粗哑的 2  having such a voice 有嘶哑声音的 □ hoarsely  adv.  □ hoarsen  v. tr. & intr.  □ hoarseness  n.   [Old English hɑˉs, influenced by Old Norse, from Germanic]

hoarstone /ˈhɔ:stəʊn/ n. Brit.  an ancient boundary stone [英] (古代)界碑

hoary /ˈhɔ:ri/ adj. (hoarier, hoariest)  1  a (of hair) grey or white with age (头发因上年纪)花白的，白的b  having such hair; aged 有花白头发的；上年纪的 2  old and trite 陈腐的；陈旧的  a hoary joke  老掉牙的笑话 3 Bot. & Zool.  covered with short white hairs 【植】【动】白色短毛覆盖的，有灰白色茸毛的 □ hoarily  adv.  □ hoariness  n.  

hoatzin /həʊˈætsin/ n.  a tropical American bird, Opisthocomus hoatzin, whose young climb by means of hooked claws on their wings 麝雉(美洲热带鸟，幼鸟的翅上有钩状爪，靠其爬树) [native name, imitative]

hoax /həʊks/ n. & v. ●n.  a humorous or malicious deception; a practical joke 玩笑；骗局；恶作剧 ●v. tr.  deceive (a person) with a hoax 欺骗；戏弄 □ hoaxer  n.   [18th c.: probably contraction from HOCUS]

hob1 /hɒb/ n.  1  a Brit.  a cooking appliance or the flat top part of a cooker, with hotplates or burners [英]电炉搁架；火炉搁架b  a flat metal shelf at the side of a fireplace, having its surface level with the top of the grate, used esp. for heating a pan etc. 壁炉搁架 2  a tool used for cutting gears etc. 螺旋铣刀 3  a peg or pin used as a mark in quoits etc. (掷环套桩游戏的)标桩 4  = HOBNAIL  [perhaps variant of HUB]

hob2 /hɒb/ n.  1  a male ferret 雄雪貂 2  a hobgoblin 精灵，妖怪 □ play (or raise) hob  US  cause mischief [美]捉弄，戏弄 [Middle English, familiar form of Rob, short for Robin or Robert]

Hobart /ˈhəubɑ:t/ n.  霍巴特 [澳大利亚港市]

hobbit /ˈhɒbit/ n.  a member of an imaginary race similar to humans, of small size and with hairy feet, in stories by J.R.R. Tolkien 穴居矮人(英国作家托尔金笔下的貌似人类的假想人，身材矮小，脚上长毛) □ hobbitry  n.   [invented by Tolkien, English writer d. 1973, and said by him to mean ‘hole-dweller’]

hobble /ˈhɒb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  walk lamely; limp 一瘸一拐地走；跛行b  proceed haltingly in action or speech 蹒跚；结结巴巴地说话  hobbled lamely to his conclusion  他结结巴巴地讲完了 2 tr.  a  tie together the legs of (a horse etc.) to prevent it from straying 把(马等的)腿缚住以免走失b  tie (a horse's etc. legs) 捆绑，缚住(马等的腿) 3 tr.  cause (a person etc.) to limp 使(人等)跛行 ●n.  1  an uneven or infirm gait 跛行；不稳的步态 2  a rope, clog, etc. used for hobbling a horse etc. (拴住马等的)绳子；束缚物 □ hobbler  n.   [Middle English, probably from Low German: cf. HOPPLE and Dutch hobbelen ‘rock from side to side’]

hobbledehoy /ˈhɒb(ə)ldiˌhɔi/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a clumsy or awkward youth 笨拙的小伙子 2  a hooligan 小流氓 [16th c.: origin unknown]

hobble skirt n.  a skirt so narrow at the hem as to impede walking 窄低裙，狭下裙

hobby1 /ˈhɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a favourite leisure-time activity or occupation 业余爱好；消遣；癖好 2 archaic  a small horse [古义]小马 3 hist.  an early type of velocipede [史义]脚踏两轮车 □ hobbyist  n.   [Middle English hobyn, hoby, from pet forms of Robin: cf. DOBBIN]

hobby2 /ˈhɒbi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of several small long-winged falcons, esp. Falco subbuteo, catching prey on the wing 燕隼(小的长翼猎鹰，在飞行中捕捉猎物) [Middle English from Old French hobé, hobet, diminutive of hobe ‘falcon’]

hobby horse n.  1  a child's toy consisting of a stick with a horse's head 竹马；马头杆 2  a preoccupation; a favourite topic of conversation 癖好；反复讲的话题 3  a model of a horse, esp. of wicker, used in morris dancing etc. (莫里斯舞蹈中系于表演者腰间的)马形道具 4  a rocking horse 摇摆木马 5  a horse on a merry-go-round 旋转木马

hobday /ˈhɒbdei/ v. tr. Brit.  operate on (a horse) to improve its breathing [英] (给马)动手术改进呼吸 [named after F. T. Hobday, British veterinary surgeon d. 1939]

hobgoblin /ˈhɒbɡɒblin/ n.  a mischievous imp; a bogey; a bugbear 淘气的小精灵；妖怪；吓人的东西 [HOB2 + GOBLIN]

hobnail /ˈhɒbneil/ n.  a heavy-headed nail used for boot-soles (钉鞋底用的)平头钉 □ hobnailed  adj.   [HOB1 + NAIL]

hobnail liver n. (also 亦作 hobnailed liver)  a liver having many small knobbly projections due to cirrhosis (硬化造成的)鞋钉状肝结节性肝硬变

hobnob /ˈhɒbnɒb/ v. intr. (hobnobbed, hobnobbing)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  mix socially or informally 交好；亲近 2  drink together 共饮 [hob or nob = give or take, of alternate drinking; earlier hab nab, = have or not have]

hobo /ˈhəʊbəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os) N. Amer.  a wandering worker; a tramp [北美]流动工人；流浪汉 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Hobson's choice /ˈhɒbs(ə)nz/ n.  a choice of taking the thing offered or nothing 无选择余地的选择 [from T. Hobson, Cambridge carrier (d. 1631), who let out horses on the basis that customers must take the one nearest the door]

hock1 /hɒk/ n.  1  the joint of a quadruped's hind leg between the knee and the fetlock 跗关节 2  a knuckle of pork; the lower joint of a ham 肘子 [obsolete hockshin from Old English hōhsinu: see HOUGH]

hock2 /hɒk/ n. Brit.  a German white wine from the Rhineland (properly that of Hochheim on the river Main) [英]德国白葡萄酒 [abbreviation of obsolete hockamore from German Hochheimer]

hock3 /hɒk/ v. & n. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●v. tr.  pawn; pledge 典当；抵押 ●n.  a pawnbroker's pledge 典当；抵押；典物；抵押品 □ in hock   1  in pawn 在抵押中 2  in debt 负着债 3  in prison 在狱中 [Dutch hok ‘hutch, prison, debt’]

hockey1 /ˈhɒki/ n.  1 Brit.  a game played between two teams on a field with curved sticks and a small hard ball [英]曲棍球 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = ICE HOCKEY  □ hockeyist  n. N. Amer. [北美] (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [16th c.: origin unknown]

hockey2 var.  of OCHE  OCHE 的变体

Hocktide /ˈhɒktaid/ n. Brit. hist.  a festival formerly kept on the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter, originally for money-raising [英史义]霍克节(复活节后的第二个星期一和星期二，原为教会募钱) [Middle English: origin unknown]

hocus /ˈhəʊkəs/ v. tr. (hocussed, hocussing or hocused, hocusing)  1  take in; hoax 欺骗，蒙骗；愚弄 2  stupefy (a person) with drugs 用药品麻醉 3  drug (liquor) (在酒中)放麻醉药 [obsolete noun hocus = HOCUS-POCUS]

hocus-pocus /həʊkəsˈpəʊkəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  deception; trickery 哄骗，欺骗；糊弄 2  a typical verbal formula used in conjuring (魔术中常用的)转移注意力的言语 ●v. (-pocussed, -pocussing or -pocused, -pocusing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  play tricks 变戏法，玩把戏 2 tr.  play tricks on, deceive 耍花招，愚弄，欺骗 [17th-c. sham Latin]

hod /hɒd/ n.  1  a V-shaped open trough on a pole used for carrying bricks, mortar, etc. 砖斗；灰浆桶 2  a portable receptacle for coal 煤斗 [probably = dialect hot from Old French hotte ‘pannier’, from Germanic]

hodden /ˈhɒd(ə)n/ n. Sc.  a coarse woollen cloth [苏格兰]粗织呢绒 [16th c.: origin unknown]

hodden grey n. Sc.  grey hodden; typical rustic clothing [苏格兰]粗织灰呢

Hodge /hɒdʒ/ n. Brit.  a typical English agricultural labourer [英]典型的英国农业工人；庄稼汉 [pet form of the name Roger]

hodgepodge /ˈhɒdʒpɒdʒ/ n.  = HOTCHPOTCH 1, 2  [Middle English, assimilated to HODGE]

Hodgkin's disease /ˈhɒdʒkinz/ n.  a malignant disease of lymphatic tissues usu. characterized by enlargement of the lymph nodes 淋巴肉芽肿病 [named after T. Hodgkin, English physician d. 1866]

hodiernal /hɒdiˈɜ:n(ə)l, həʊ-/ adj. formal  of the present day [正式]现在的，当今的 [Latin hodiernus from hodie ‘today’]

hodman /ˈhɒdmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  1  a labourer who carries a hod 搬运工，小工 2  a literary hack 捉刀人，雇佣文人 3  a person who works mechanically 做机械刻板工作的人

hodograph /ˈhɒdəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a curve in which the radius vector represents the velocity of a moving particle 速端曲线，矢端曲线 [Greek hodos ‘way’ + -GRAPH]

hodometer var.  of ODOMETER  ODOMETER 的变体

hoe /həʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a long-handled tool with a thin metal blade, used for weeding etc. 锄头 ●v. (hoes, hoed, hoeing)  1 tr.  weed (crops); loosen (earth); dig up or cut down with a hoe (为庄稼)除草；松动(土壤)；用锄挖土或除草 2 intr.  use a hoe 用锄干活 □ hoe in  Austral. & NZ slang  eat eagerly [澳新] [俚语]狼吞虎咽□ hoe into  Austral. & NZ slang  attack (food, a person, a task) [澳新] [俚语]吞咽(食物)；攻击(人)；攻克(任务)□ hoer  n.   [Middle English howe from Old French houe, from Germanic]

hoecake /ˈhəʊkeik/ n. US  a coarse cake of maize flour originally baked on the blade of a hoe [美]玉米饼

hoedown /ˈhəʊdaʊn/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a  a lively folk dance 方形舞(一种欢快的乡村舞蹈)b  the music for this 方形舞舞曲 2  a party at which such dancing takes place 方形舞舞会

hog /hɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a domesticated pig, esp. a castrated male reared for slaughter 猪；(尤指肉用的)阉公猪b  any of several other pigs of the family Suidae, e.g. a warthog 猪科动物(如疣猪) 2 colloq.  a greedy person [口]贪婪的人 3 (also 亦作 hogg) Brit. dial.  a young sheep before the first shearing [英方]尚未剪过毛的小羊 ●v. (hogged, hogging)  1 tr. colloq.  take greedily; hoard selfishly; monopolize [口]贪心攫取；多占；独占 2 tr. & intr.  raise (the back), or rise in an arch in the centre 拱起(背)；中部拱起 □ go the whole hog  colloq.  do something completely or thoroughly [口]彻底干，干到底□ hog-tie  N. Amer. [北美]  1  secure by fastening the hands and feet or all four feet together 把手脚捆住；捆住四肢 2  restrain, impede 束缚；制止，阻止□ hogger  n.  □ hoggery  n.  □ hoggish  adj.  □ hoggishly  adv.  □ hoglike  adj.   [Old English hogg, hocg, perhaps of Celtic origin]

hogan /ˈhəʊɡ(ə)n/ n.  an American Indian hut of logs etc. (美洲印地安人的)木屋 [Navajo]

hogback /ˈhɒɡbæk/ n. (also 亦作 hog's back)  a steep-sided ridge of a hill 猪背岭；陡峭的山脊

hogg var.  of HOG  n. HOG n. 的变体

hogget /ˈhɒɡit/ n. Brit.  a yearling sheep [英]一岁的羊 [HOG]

hoggin /ˈhɒɡin/ n.  1  a mixture of sand and gravel 含沙砾石，砂砾 2  sifted gravel 过筛的砂砾 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hogmanay /ˈhɒɡmənei, hɒɡməˈnei/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  New Year's Eve 除夕 2  a celebration on this day 除夕夜庆祝 3  a gift of cake etc. demanded by children at hogmanay (除夕夜儿童索要的)礼品蛋糕 [17th c.: perhaps from Norman French hoguinané from Old French aguillanneuf (also = new year's gift)]

hog's back var.  of HOGBACK  HOGBACK 的变体

hogshead /ˈhɒɡzhed/ n.  1  a large cask 大桶 2  a liquid or dry measure, usu. about 50 imperial gallons 液量或干量单位(通常大约 50 英制加仑) [Middle English from HOG, HEAD: reason for the name unknown]

hogwash /ˈhɒɡwɒʃ/ n.  1 colloq.  nonsense, rubbish [口]废话，胡说八道；无聊的作品 2  kitchen swill etc. for pigs 猪食，泔水

hogweed /ˈhɒɡwi:d/ n.  any of various coarse weeds of the genus Heracleum, esp. H. sphondylium 猪草(尤指豚草)

ho ho int.  1  representing deep jolly laughter 哈哈大笑声 2  expressing surprise, triumph, or derision 嗬－嗬！(表示惊奇、胜利或嘲笑) [reduplication of HO]

ho-hum /həʊˈhʌm/ int.  expressing boredom 嗬－哼呣！(仿打哈欠，表示无聊) [imitative of yawn]

hoick1 /hɔik/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  lift or pull, esp. with a jerk (尤指猛然)提起，拉起 ●n.  a jerky pull; a jerk 猛拉，猛提 [perhaps a variant of HIKE]

hoick2 /hɔik/ v. intr. Brit. slang  spit [英] [俚语]吐唾沫 [probably imitative; perhaps a variant of HAWK3]

hoicks var.  of YOICKS  YOICKS 的变体

hoi polloi /hɔi pɒˈlɔi/ n. (often prec. by 常前接 the: see note below 见下面注释)  1  the masses; the common people 乌合之众；大众，普通人 2  the majority 大多数 [Greek, = the many]■Usage 用法说明 The use of hoi polloi with the is strictly unnecessary, since hoi = ‘the’, but this construction is very common. 严格来说 hoi polloi 前加 the 不必要，因为 hoi 本身就是定冠词，但是这种结构很普遍。 

hoist /hɔist/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  raise or haul up 举起，拉起 2  raise by means of ropes and pulleys etc. (用绳索和滑轮等)升起，吊起 ●n.  1  an act of hoisting, a lift 升起，吊起；举起，提起 2  an apparatus for hoisting 升降机；起重机 3  a  the part of a flag nearest the staff 旗边接近旗杆的部分b  a group of flags raised as a signal 信号旗 □ hoist the flag   stake one's claim to discovered territory by displaying a flag 通过升旗表明对所发现土地的占有权□ hoist one's flag   signify that one takes command 表示某人具有控制权□ hoist with one's own petard   see 见 PETARD □ hoister  n.   [Middle English: alteration of hoise, probably of Low German origin]

hoity-toity /hɔitiˈtɔiti/ adj., int. & n. ●adj.  1  haughty; petulant; snobbish 傲慢的；易怒的；势利的 2 archaic  frolicsome [古义]打闹的，嬉戏的 ●int.  expressing surprised protest at presumption etc. 嗬－呔！(对傲慢行为表示反感) ●n. archaic  riotous or giddy conduct [古义]轻佻的举止；轻率，轻浮 [obsolete hoit ‘indulge in riotous mirth’, of unknown origin]

hokey /ˈhəʊki/ adj. (also 亦作 hoky) (hokier, hokiest) N. Amer. slang  sentimental, melodramatic, artificial [北美] [俚语]故作多情的；矫揉造作的；假装的 □ hokeyness  n. (also hokiness)   [HOKUM + -Y2]

hokey-cokey /həʊkiˈkəʊki/ n. Brit.  a communal dance performed in a circle with synchronized shaking of the limbs in turn [英]霍基科基舞(一种民间舞蹈，站成一圈，依次摇动四肢) [perhaps from HOCUS-POCUS]

hokey-pokey /həʊkiˈpəʊki/ n. colloq. [口]  1  = HOCUS-POCUSn. 1  2  ice cream formerly sold esp. by Italian street vendors (尤指意大利沿街小贩叫卖的)冰激凌 [HOCUS-POCUS: sense 2 of unknown origin]

hoki /ˈhəʊki/ n.  an edible marine fish, Macruronus novaezelandiae, related to the hake and native to the southern coasts of New Zealand 好吉鱼(属大甲壳亚目，与海鳕有亲缘关系，生长于新西兰南部海岸) [Maori]

Hokkaido /hɒˈkaidəu/ n.  北海道 [日本]

hokku /ˈhɒku:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  = HAIKU  [Japanese]

hokum /ˈhəʊkəm/ n. esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  1  sentimental, popular, sensational, or unreal situations, dialogue, etc., in a film or play etc. (电影或戏剧等中)引人落泪的(俗套的、渲染夸张的或虚假等的)情景 2  bunkum; rubbish 空话，废话 [20th c.: origin unknown]

hoky var.  of HOKEY  HOKEY 的变体

Holarctic /hə(ʊ)ˈlɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 holarctic) ●adj.  of, relating to, or found throughout the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions considered together as a single zoogeographical region (有关)全北区的(作为单一动物地理学区) ●n.  the Holarctic region 全北区 [HOLO- + ARCTIC]

hold1 /həʊld/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. held /held/)  1 tr.  a  keep fast; grasp (esp. in the hands or arms) (尤指用手或胳膊)握住，抓住；抱住b (also 亦作 refl.)  keep or sustain (a thing, oneself, one's head, etc.) in a particular position 使(物体、自身、头部等)保持某种姿势  hold it to the light  使它朝向阳光 held himself erect  挺直身体c  grasp so as to control 控制；抓紧  hold the reins  抓紧缰绳 2 tr. (of a vessel etc.) contain or be capable of containing (指容器等)容纳；包含；贮藏  the jug holds two pints  这只水壶容量两品脱 the hall holds 900  这个大厅可容纳 900 人 3 tr.  possess, gain, or have, esp. 占据；获得；拥有，尤指 :a  be the owner or tenant of (land, property, stocks, etc.) 拥有，占有(土地、财产、股票等)  holds the farm from the trust  受托占有农庄b  gain or have gained (a degree, record, etc.) 取得，获得；持有(学位、记录等)  holds the long jump record  保持跳远记录c  have the position of (a job or office) 担当，担任(工作或职位)d  have (a specified playing card) in one's hand 持有，有(某张牌)在手中e  keep possession of (a place, a person's thoughts, etc.), esp. against attack 占据，守住(地方、人的思想等，尤指抵御侵犯)  held the fort against the enemy  坚守堡垒，抵御敌人 held his place in her estimation  她很尊敬他 4 intr.  remain unbroken; not give way 顶住，支住  the roof held under the storm  屋顶经受住了暴风雨 5 tr.  observe; celebrate; conduct (a meeting, festival, conversation, etc.) 庆祝；召开，举行(会议、节日、会谈等) 6 tr.  a  keep (a person etc.) in a specified condition, place, etc. 保留；留下(某人)  held him prisoner  把他投入监狱 held him at arm's length  和他保持一定距离；疏远他b  detain, esp. in custody 扣留，拘留  hold him until I arrive  把他扣下来，等我到达 7 tr.  a  engross (a person or a person's attention) 吸引(某人或某人的注意力)  the book held him for hours  这本书他一连看了好几个小时b  dominate 主宰  held the stage  持续上演 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  make (a person etc.) adhere to (terms, a promise, etc.) 使(人等)遵守(条约、承诺等) 9 intr. (of weather) continue fine (天气)保持晴好 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  think; believe 想，认为；相信  held it to be self-evident  认为这是不言自明的 held that the earth was flat  认为地球是平的 11 tr.  regard with a specified feeling 怀有某种感情  held him in contempt  看不起他 12 tr.  a  cease; restrain 止住；克制  hold your fire  不要发怒b US colloq.  withhold; not use [美口]放弃；不用  a burger please, and hold the onions!  来一个汉堡，不加洋葱！ 13 tr.  keep or reserve 占据；预订  will you hold our seats please?  能帮我们占一下位吗？ 14 tr.  be able to drink (liquor) without effect 会喝(酒)不易醉(酒)  can't hold his drink  他容易喝醉 15 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause) (of a judge, a court, etc.) lay down; decide (法官、法庭等)裁定，判定 16 intr.  keep going 继续前进  held on his way  他继续行进 17 tr. Mus.  sustain (a note) 【音】延长(音符)；继续唱 18 intr.  = hold the line 2  19 intr. archaic  restrain oneself [古义]抑制自己；控制自己 ●n.  1  a grasp 拿，握；抓住  catch hold of him  抓住他 keep a hold on him  管住他 2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a thing to hold by 把，柄；支撑物  seized the handhold  抓住扶手 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, over)  influence over 影响力，控制力  has a strange hold over them  对他们有一种奇特的影响力 4  a manner of holding in wrestling etc. (摔跤等中的)擒拿法 5 archaic  a fortress [古义]堡垒，要塞 □ hold (a thing) against (a person)   resent or regard it as discreditable to (a person) 认为…丢脸□ hold aloof   avoid communication with people etc. 避免和别人交往□ hold back   1  impede the progress of; restrain 阻止进展；阻碍 2  keep (a thing) to or for oneself 保留，留下 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  hesitate; refrain 犹豫；克制□ hold one's breath   see 见 BREATH □ hold by (or to)   adhere to (a choice, purpose, etc.) 坚持；遵守(选择、目标等)□ hold cheap  Brit.  not value highly; despise [英]低估；轻视□ hold the clock on   time (a sporting event etc.) 给(体育运动项目等)计时□ hold court   preside over one's admirers etc., like a sovereign (像君主一样)接见仰慕者□ hold dear   regard with affection 珍视，珍爱□ hold down   1  repress 压下，压住 2 colloq.  be competent enough to keep (one's job etc.) [口]胜任，称职□ hold everything! (or it!)   cease action or movement 停止！慢着！□ hold the fort   1  act as a temporary substitute 临时代理 2  cope in an emergency (紧急情况下)处理□ hold forth   1  offer (an inducement etc.) 提出，提供；展示 2 usu. derog.  speak at length or tediously [通常贬]滔滔不绝地讲□ hold good (or true)   be valid; apply 有效；有用□ hold one's ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ hold one's hand   see 见 HAND □ hold a person's hand   give a person guidance or moral support 指导；支持□ hold hands   grasp one another by the hand as a sign of affection or for support or guidance 握手(表示喜爱、支持或指导)□ hold hard!  Brit.  stop!; wait! [英]停下！慢着！□ hold harmless  Law  indemnify 【法律】使免受损失，使不承担责任□ hold one's head high   behave proudly and confidently 趾高气扬；自信地行事□ hold one's horses  colloq.  stop; slow down [口]停下，慢下来□ hold in   keep in check, confine 约束；抑制□ hold it good   think it advisable 认为可取□ hold the line   1  not yield 不屈服；坚定 2  maintain a telephone connection 别挂电话□ hold one's nose   compress the nostrils to avoid inhaling a smell, water, etc. 屏住呼吸□ hold off   1  delay; not begin 拖延；推迟 2  keep one's distance 保持距离□ hold on   1  keep one's grasp on something 握住，拿住 2  wait a moment 稍等 3 (when telephoning) not ring off (打电话时)别挂断□ hold out   1  stretch forth (a hand etc.) 伸出(手等) 2  offer (an inducement etc.) 诱导 3  maintain resistance 抵抗，坚持 4  persist or last 维持，持续□ hold out for   continue to demand 一直要求□ hold out on  colloq.  refuse something to (a person) [口]拒绝，不答应□ hold over   postpone 推迟，延期□ hold something over   threaten (a person) constantly with something 用(某事)威胁□ hold one's own   see 见 OWN □ hold to bail  Law  bind by bail 【法律】取保(候审)□ hold to a draw  Sport  manage to achieve a draw against (an opponent thought likely to win) 【运动】设法保持平局(在认为对手可能赢时)□ hold together   1  cohere 连在一起 2  cause to cohere 使结合；使团结一致□ hold one's tongue  colloq.  be silent [口]缄默□ hold to ransom  Brit. [英]  1  keep (a person) prisoner until a ransom is paid 绑架(人质)直到交赎金 2  demand concessions from by threats of damaging action (威胁采用破坏性行为而)迫使让步□ hold up   1  a  support; sustain 支撑，承受b  maintain (the head etc.) erect 直立，使不倒 2  exhibit; display 展示，演示 3  arrest the progress of; obstruct 阻碍，阻止 4  stop and rob by violence or threats 抢劫；拦劫□ hold water  (of reasoning) be sound; bear examination (推论)严密，可靠；经得住检验□ hold with  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  approve of [口]赞成，支持  don't hold with motorbikes  不喜欢摩托车□ left holding the baby (or US [美] bag)   left with unwelcome responsibility 被给予不愿意做的事情□ on hold   1 (when telephoning) holding the line (打电话时)不挂断电话 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 put on hold)  temporarily inactive or receiving little attention (暂时)不活跃，不受注意□ take hold  (of a custom or habit) become established (习俗或习惯)养成□ there is no holding him (or her etc.)   he (or she etc.) is restive, high-spirited, determined, etc. 他(或她)难以控制，情绪高涨，下定决心等□ with no holds barred   with no restrictions, all methods being permitted 没有限制，可采用任何方法□ holdable  adj.   [Old English h(e)aldan, heald]

hold2 /həʊld/ n.  a cavity in the lower part of a ship or aircraft in which the cargo is stowed (船或飞机的)货舱，底层舱 [obsolete holl from Old English hol (originally adj. = hollow), related to HOLE, assimilated to HOLD1]

holdall /ˈhəʊldɔ:l/ n. Brit.  a portable case or bag for miscellaneous articles [英] (放杂物用的)手提箱，手提袋

holdback /ˈhəʊl(d)bæk/ n.  1  something serving to hold a thing in place 阻碍物，障碍物 2  a hindrance 阻碍，妨碍

holder /ˈhəʊldə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a device or implement for holding something 放置某物的装置或器具  cigarette-holder  烟嘴 2  a  the possessor of a title etc. 持有者b  the occupant of an office etc. 占有者 3  = SMALLHOLDER 

holdfast /ˈhəʊl(d)fɑ:st/ n.  1  a firm grasp 紧握 2  a staple or clamp securing an object to a wall etc. 固定他物的东西(如书钉、夹钳等) 3  the attachment-organ of an alga etc. 海藻的固着器；吸盘

holding /ˈhəʊldiŋ/ n.  1  a  land held by lease (cf. 参见 SMALLHOLDING) 租借的土地b  the tenure of land 土地租借期 2  stocks, property, etc. held 拥有的股票、财产等

holding company n.  a company created to hold the shares of other companies, which it then controls 控股公司(持有其他公司的多数股权因而有控股权)

holding operation n.  a manoeuvre designed to maintain the status quo 维持现状的策略

holding pattern n.  1 Aeron.  the (usu. circular) flight path maintained by an aircraft awaiting permission to land 【空】等待航线 2  a state or period of no progress or change 停滞状态，无任何进展的时期

holdout /ˈhəʊldaʊt/ n.  1  an act of holding out against some trend, or of staying out of some activity 拒不合作，坚持不让步 2  a person who does this, esp. N. Amer. a baseball player who refuses to play until paid more 坚持者，不让步的人；[尤北美] (要求更高报酬，否则拒绝参赛的)棒球运动员

hold-over n. esp. N. Amer.  a relic [尤北美]剩余物；遗物，遗迹

hold-up n.  1  a stoppage or delay by traffic, fog, etc. (因交通阻塞、雾等引起的)停顿，耽搁 2  a robbery, esp. by the use of threats or violence (使用威胁或暴力的)抢劫；拦劫 3  each of a pair of stockings held up by elasticated tops rather than by suspenders 松紧袜口的长筒袜

hole /həʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an empty space in a solid body 洞；坑b  an aperture in or through something 孔；裂口 2  an animal's burrow (动物的)洞穴，巢穴 3  a cavity or receptacle into which the ball must be propelled in various sports or games, e.g. golf (体育项目或游戏中，如高尔夫球的)球穴；小洞 4 colloq.  a small, mean, or dingy abode [口]狭小、简陋或阴暗的住所 5 colloq.  an awkward situation [口]窘境，困境 6 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  a point scored by a player who gets the ball from tee to hole with the fewest strokes 进穴得分b  the terrain or distance from tee to hole 从球座到球洞的地带(或距离) 7  a position from which an electron is absent, esp. acting as a mobile positive particle in a semiconductor 空穴(没有电子而造成的空位，尤指在半导体中可当作正极使用的空位) ●v.  1 tr.  make a hole or holes in 打洞，穿孔 2 tr.  pierce the side of (a ship) 刺破(船的)一侧 3 tr.  put into a hole 放入洞中 4  a tr. Golf  send (the ball) into a hole 【高尔夫球】(将球)击入洞中b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) Golf  send the ball into a hole 【高尔夫球】击球入洞c intr. (foll. by 后跟 out) Cricket (of a batsman) be caught 【板球】(击球手)被截 □ hole up  N. Amer. colloq.  hide oneself [北美口]隐藏；躲藏□ in holes   worn so much that holes have formed 穿破的，有洞的□ make a hole in   use a large amount of 大量使用□ a square (or round) peg in a round (or square) hole   see 见 PEG □ holey  adj.   [Old English hol, holian (as HOLD2)]

hole-and-corner adj.  secret; underhand 秘密的，偷偷摸摸的

hole-in-one n. (pl. holes-in-one) Golf  a shot that enters the hole from the tee 【高尔夫球】(从发球区)一击入穴，一杆入洞

hole in the heart n.  a congenital defect in the heart septum 先天性心膜缺损

hole in the wall n.  1  a small dingy place (esp. of business) 狭小黑暗的(尤指商业)场所 2 colloq.  an automatic cash dispenser installed in the outside wall of a bank etc. [口]银行墙外安装的自动提款机

hole-proof adj. (of materials etc.) treated so as to be resistant to wear (指原料等)耐用的；耐穿的

holiday /ˈhɒlidei, -di/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数) esp. Brit.  an extended period of recreation, esp. away from home or in travelling; a break from work (cf. 参见 VACATION n. 1, 2) [尤英]假期 2  a day of festivity or recreation when no work is done, esp. a religious festival etc. 假日，节日(尤指宗教节日) 3 (作 attrib.) (of clothes etc.) festive (指衣服等)适合节日的；喜庆的 ●v. intr. esp. Brit.  spend a holiday [尤英]度假 □ on holiday (or one's holidays)  Brit.  in the course of one's holiday; having a break from work [英]放假中，休假中□ take a (or archaic [古义] make) holiday   have a break from work 度假 [Old English hɑˉligdœg (HOLY, DAY)]

holiday camp n. Brit.  a camp for holidaymakers with accommodation, entertainment, and facilities on site [英]假日营地，度假中心

holiday centre n. Brit.  a place with many tourist attractions [英]旅游胜地

holidaymaker /ˈhɒlideiˌmeikə, -di-/ n. esp. Brit.  a person on holiday [尤英]度假者

holiday village n.  a modern holiday camp 度假村

holier-than-thou adj. colloq.  self-righteous [口]自以为是的

holily /ˈhəʊlili/ adv.  in a holy manner 神圣地；虔诚地 [Old English hɑˉliglīce (as HOLY)]

holiness /ˈhəʊlinis/ n.  1  sanctity; the state of being holy 圣洁，神圣 2 (作 Holiness)  a title used when referring to or addressing the pope 陛下(提到或称呼教皇时的用语) [Old English hɑˉlignes (as HOLY)]

holism /ˈhəʊliz(ə)m, ˈhɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 wholism)  1 Philos.  the theory that certain wholes are to be regarded as greater than the sum of their parts (cf. 参见 REDUCTIONISM 2) 【哲】整体论 2 Med.  the treating of the whole person including mental and social factors rather than just the symptoms of a disease 【医】整体主义 □ holist  adj. & n.  □ holistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ holistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [as HOLO- + -ISM]

holla /ˈhɒlə/ int., n. & v. ●int.  calling attention 喂！(引起注意) ●n.  a cry of ‘holla’ “喂”的一声 ●v. (hollas, hollaed or holla'd, hollaing)  1 intr.  shout 大声叫 2 tr.  call to (hounds) 嗾(猎犬) [French holɑˋ (as HO, lɑˋ ‘there’)]

Holland   (see 见 Netherlands) 荷兰

holland /ˈhɒlənd/ n.  a smooth hard-wearing linen fabric 亚麻细布 [Holland = Netherlands: Dutch, earlier Holtlant from holt ‘wood’ + -lant ‘land’, describing the Dordrecht district, where the cloth was made]

hollandaise sauce /hɒlənˈdeiz, ˈhɒl-/ n.  a creamy sauce of melted butter, egg yolks, vinegar, etc., served esp. with fish 荷兰酸辣酱(含黄油、蛋黄、醋等，尤在吃鱼时用) [French, fem. of hollandais ‘Dutch’, from Hollande ‘Holland’]

Hollander /ˈhɒləndə/ n.  1  a native of Holland (the Netherlands) 荷兰人 2  a Dutch ship 荷兰船

Hollands /ˈhɒləndz/ n. archaic  Dutch gin [古义]荷兰杜松子酒 [Dutch hollandsch genever ‘Dutch gin’]

holler /ˈhɒlə/ v. & n. dial. or N. Amer. colloq. [方] [北美口] ●v.  1 intr.  make a loud cry or noise 叫喊 2 tr.  express with a loud cry or shout 叫出，喊出 ●n.  a loud cry, noise, or shout 大叫，大嚷 [variant of HOLLO]

hollo /ˈhɒləʊ/ int., n. & v. ●int.  = HOLLA  ●n. (pl. -os)  = HOLLA  ●v. (-oes, -oed) (also 亦作 hollow pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = HOLLA  [related to HOLLA]

hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/ adj., n., v. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  having a hole or cavity inside; not solid throughout 空的；空心的，中空的b  having a depression; sunken 凹陷的  hollow cheeks  凹陷的双颊 2 (of a sound) echoing, as though made in or on a hollow container (声音)空洞的，沉闷的 3  empty; hungry 空腹的，饥饿的 4  without significance; meaningless 无意义的；无价值的，无用的  a hollow triumph  有名无实的成功 5  insincere; cynical; false 虚伪的，虚假的  a hollow laugh  假笑 hollow promises  虚伪的诺言 ●n.  1  a hollow place; a hole 洞，穴；坑 2  a valley; a basin 山谷；盆地 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make hollow; excavate 使…空，挖空 ●adv. colloq.  completely [口]彻底地，完全地  beaten hollow  彻底被打败 □ in the hollow of one's hand   entirely subservient to one 完全屈从于，在某人掌心之中□ hollowly  adv.  □ hollowness  n.   [Old English holh ‘cave’, related to HOLE]

hollow-cheeked adj.  with sunken cheeks 两颊凹陷的

hollow-eyed adj.  with eyes deep sunk 眼睛凹陷的

hollow-hearted adj.  insincere 不真诚的，虚伪的

hollow square n. hist.  a body of infantry drawn up in a square with a space in the middle [史义] (步兵团排列的)空方阵

hollowware /ˈhɒləʊwɛə/ n.  hollow articles of metal, china, etc., such as pots, kettles, jugs, etc. (opp. 反义 FLATWARE 1) (金属、陶瓷等制成的)凹形器皿(如锅、壶、缸子等)

holly /ˈhɒli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an evergreen shrub, Ilex aquifolium, with prickly usu. dark green leaves, small white flowers, and red berries 冬青树(长青灌木，通常长有深绿色的有刺叶子，开小白花，结红浆果) 2  its branches and foliage used as decorations at Christmas (圣诞节用于装饰的)冬青树树枝和树叶 [Old English hole(g)n]

hollyhock /ˈhɒlihɒk/ n.  a tall plant, Alcea rosea (mallow family), with large showy flowers of various colours 蜀葵(锦葵属植物，开艳丽的大花，色彩多样) [originally = marsh mallow: Middle English from HOLY + obsolete hock ‘mallow’, from Old English hoc, of unknown origin]

holly oak n.  a holm-oak 圣栎

Hollywood /ˈhɒliwʊd/ n.  the American cinema industry or its products, with its principal centre at Hollywood in California 美国电影业，美国电影(中心位于加利福尼亚的好莱坞)

holm1 /həʊm/ n. (also 亦作 holme) Brit. [英]  1  an islet, esp. in a river or near a mainland (尤指河中或近陆地的)小岛 2  a piece of flat ground by a river, which is submerged in time of flood (发洪水时淹没的)河边平地 [Old Norse holmr]

holm2 /həʊm/ n. (in full 全称 holm-oak)  an evergreen oak, Quercus ilex, with holly-like young leaves 冬青属植物(长冬青状小树叶) [Middle English, alteration of obsolete holin (as HOLLY)]

holmium /ˈhəʊlmiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring naturally in apatite (symbol 符 Ho) 【化】(化学元素)钬 [modern Latin from Holmia ‘Stockholm’]

holo- /ˈhɒləʊ/ comb. form  whole (Holocene 全新世的 ; holocaust 大屠杀) [构词成分]完全 [Greek holos ‘whole’]

holocaust /ˈhɒləkɔ:st/ n.  1  a case of large-scale destruction, esp. by fire or nuclear war (尤指火灾或核战争引起的)大规模毁灭；大破坏；大屠杀 2 (作 the Holocaust)  the mass murder of the Jews by the Nazis 1941 － 5 (纳粹于 1941 至 1945 年间对犹太人的)大屠杀 3  a sacrifice wholly consumed by fire (祭祀时整只焚烧的)燔祭品 [Middle English via Old French holocauste and Late Latin holocaustum from Greek holokauston (as HOLO-, kaustos ‘burnt’ from kaiō ‘burn’)]

Holocene /ˈhɒləsi:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, marked by the development of human culture 全新世的，全新统的 ●n.  this period or system Also called 亦称作 Recent 全新世，全新统 [HOLO- + Greek kainos ‘new’]

holoenzyme /hɒləʊˈenzaim/ n. Biochem.  the active complex of an enzyme with a coenzyme 【生化】全酶

hologram /ˈhɒləɡræm/ n. Physics 【物理学】  1  a three-dimensional image formed by the interference of light beams from a coherent light source 立体影像，全息影像 2  a photograph of the interference pattern, which when suitably illuminated produces a three-dimensional image 全息图

holograph /ˈhɒləɡrɑ:f/ adj. & n. ●adj.  wholly written by hand by the person named as the author (全部由作者)亲笔写的 ●n.  a holograph document 亲笔文件 [French holographe or Late Latin holographus from Greek holographos (as HOLO-, -GRAPH)]

holography /hɒˈlɒɡrəfi/ n. Physics  the study or production of holograms 【物理学】全息(摄影)术；全息(摄影)学 □ holographic  /-ləˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ holographically  /-ləˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

holohedral /hɒləˈhi:dr(ə)l, -ˈhed-/ adj. Crystallog.  having the full number of planes required by the symmetry of a crystal system 【晶】全面的；全对称的

holophyte /ˈhɒləfait/ n.  an organism that synthesizes complex organic compounds by photosynthesis 自养植物 □ holophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.  

holothurian /hɒlə(ʊ)ˈθjʊəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with a wormlike body, e.g. a sea cucumber 海参纲动物 ●adj.  of or relating to this class 海参的；海参纲动物的 [modern Latin Holothuria (n. pl.) from Greek holothourion, a zoophyte]

holotype /ˈhɒlətaip/ n.  the specimen used for naming and describing a species 原型标本；正模标本

hols /hɒlz/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  holidays [英口]假期 [abbreviation]

Holstein /ˈhɒlstain, -i:n/ n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美]  = FRIESIAN  [Holstein in NW Germany]

holster /ˈhəʊlstə, ˈhɒl-/ n.  a leather case for a pistol or revolver, worn on a belt or under an arm or fixed to a saddle 手枪皮套 [17th c., synonymous with Dutch holster: origin unknown]

holt1 /həʊlt/ n. Brit. [英]  1  an animal's (esp. an otter's) lair 兽穴(尤指水獭的巢穴) 2 colloq. or dial.  grip, hold [口] [方]抓住，握住 [variant of HOLD1]

holt2 /həʊlt/ n. archaic or dial. [古义] [方]  1  a wood or copse 小林，矮林 2  a wooded hill 林丘 [Old English from Germanic]

holus-bolus /həʊləsˈbəʊləs/ adv.  all in a lump, altogether 全部；一起，一下子 [apparently sham Latin, perhaps = ‘whole lump’: cf. BOLUS]

holy /ˈhəʊli/ adj. (holier, holiest)  1  morally and spiritually excellent or perfect, and to be revered 圣洁的，至善的；心地纯洁的 2  belonging to, devoted to, or empowered by, God 神的；献身于上帝的；神赐的 3  consecrated, sacred 神圣的；宗教的 4  used in trivial exclamations 用于短的感叹句中  holy cow!  天哪！ holy mackerel!  哎呀！ holy Moses!  上帝呀！ holy smoke!  上帝呀 [Old English hɑˉlig from Germanic: related to WHOLE]

Holy City n.  1  a city held sacred by the adherents of a religion, esp. Jerusalem 圣城(尤指耶路撒冷) 2  Heaven 天堂，天国

Holy Communion  see 见 COMMUNION 3 

Holy Cross Day n.  the festival of the Exaltation of the Cross, 14 Sept 举荣圣架节 (9 月 14 日)

holy day n.  a religious festival 圣日，宗教节日

Holy Family n.  the young Jesus with his mother and St Joseph (often with St John the Baptist, St Anne, etc.) as grouped in pictures etc. 圣家庭(指图画等中描绘的小耶稣和他的母亲及圣约瑟，常包括施洗约翰、圣安妮等)

Holy Father n.  the Pope 罗马教皇

Holy Ghost n.  = HOLY SPIRIT 

Holy Grail  see 见 GRAIL 

Holy Innocents' Day var.  of INNOCENTS' DAY  INNOCENTS' DAY 的变体

holy Joe n. orig. Naut. slang (源于)【海】[俚语]  1  a clergyman 牧师，神职人员 2  a pious person 虔诚的人，圣人

Holy Land n.  1  W. Palestine, esp. Judaea (基督教的)圣地(巴勒斯坦西部，尤指朱迪亚) 2  a region similarly revered in non-Christian religions (其他宗教的)圣地

Holy Name n. RC Ch.  the name of Jesus as an object of formal devotion 【天主教】圣名

Holy Office n.  the Inquisition 圣职部

holy of holies n.  1  the inner chamber of the sanctuary in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, separated by a veil from the outer chamber (犹太神殿的)至圣所 2  an innermost shrine 犹太教会堂的内殿 3  a thing regarded as most sacred 最神圣的东西

holy orders n. pl.  the status of a member of the clergy, esp. the grades of bishop, priest, and deacon 圣职(尤指主教、牧师和执事三个等级)

holy place n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  places to which religious pilgrimage is made 圣地 2  the outer chamber of the sanctuary in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem 犹太教会堂的外殿

holy roller n. slang  a member of a religious group characterized by frenzied excitement or trances [俚语]以表现狂热或恍惚为特点的宗教教派的一员

Holy Roman Empire n.  the western part of the Roman Empire as revived by Charlemagne in 800 神圣罗马帝国

Holy Rood Day n.  1  the festival of the Invention of the Cross, 3 May 圣十字架发现节 (5 月 3 日) 2  = HOLY CROSS DAY 

Holy Sacrament  see 见 SACRAMENT 3 

Holy Saturday n.  Saturday in Holy Week 圣星期六

Holy Scripture n.  the Bible 《圣经》

Holy See n.  the papacy or the papal court 圣座，宗座

Holy Sepulchre n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the tomb in which Christ was laid 圣墓

Holy Spirit n.  the third person of the Trinity, God as spiritually acting 圣灵

holystone /ˈhəʊlistəʊn/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  a piece of soft sandstone used for scouring decks 甲板磨石 ●v. tr.  scour with this 用甲板磨石磨 [19th c.: probably from HOLY + STONE: the stones were called bibles etc., perhaps because used while kneeling]

holy terror  see 见 TERROR 2b 

Holy Thursday n.  1 (in the Anglican Church) Ascension Day (英国国教)升天节 2 RC Ch.  Maundy Thursday 【天主教】濯足节

Holy Trinity  see 见 TRINITY 3 

holy war n.  a war waged in support of a religious cause 圣战

holy water n.  water dedicated to holy uses, or blessed by a priest 圣水

Holy Week n.  the week before Easter 圣周(复活节前一周)

Holy Writ n.  holy writings collectively, esp. the Bible (总称)圣典(尤指《圣经》)

Holy Year n. RC Ch.  a period of remission from the penal consequences of sin, granted under certain conditions for a year usu. at intervals of 25 years 【天主教】大赦年

hom /həʊm/ n. (also 亦作 homa /ˈhəʊmə/)  1  the soma plant 肉珊瑚(植物) 2  the juice of this plant as a sacred drink of the Parsees 圣饮(肉珊瑚汁，印度拜火教视为圣饮) [Persian hōm, hūm, Avestan haoma]

homage /ˈhɒmidʒ/ n.  1  acknowledgement of superiority, dutiful reverence 尊敬；敬意  pay homage to  对…表示敬意 do homage to  尊敬 2 hist.  formal public acknowledgement of feudal allegiance [史义]封建效忠仪式 [Middle English via Old French (h)omage and medieval Latin hominaticum from Latin homo -minis man]

hombre /ˈɒmbrei/ n. US slang  a man [美] [俚语]男人 [Spanish]

Homburg /ˈhɒmbɜ:ɡ/ n.  a man's felt hat with a narrow curled brim and a lengthwise dent in the crown 霍姆堡毡帽 [Homburg in Germany, where first worn]

home /həʊm/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  a  the place where one lives; the fixed residence of a family or household 家b  a dwelling house 住宅 2  the members of a family collectively; one's family background 家庭成员；家庭背景  comes from a good home  来自一个好家庭 3  the native land of a person or of a person's ancestors 本国；祖国 4  an institution for persons needing care, rest, or refuge 疗养所；休养所；收容所  nursing home  养育院 5  the place where a thing originates or is native or most common 产地；发源地；发祥地 6  a  the finishing point in a race (赛跑的)终点b (in games) the place where one is free from attack; the goal (游戏中的)安全处；目标c Lacrosse  a player in an attacking position near the opponents' goal 【长曲棍球】(在对方球门附近进攻位置的)进攻手d Baseball 【棒球】  = HOME PLATE  7 Sport  a home match or win 【运动】主场赛，本地赛；主场赛获胜，本地赛获胜 ●attrib. adj.  1  a  of or connected with one's home 家的；家庭的b  carried on, done, or made, at home 家中进行的；在家里做的c  proceeding from home 从家开始的 2  a  carried on or produced in one's own country 本国的；国内的；本国制造的  home industries  本国工业 the home market  国内市场b  dealing with the domestic affairs of a country 国内的；本国事务的 3 Sport  played on one's own ground etc. 【运动】主场的；本队场地进行的  home match  主场赛 home win  主场获胜 4  in the neighbourhood of home 在本地的 ●adv.  1  a  to one's home or country 向家；向本国，向国内  go home  回家b  arrived at home 到家  is he home yet?  他回家了吗？c N. Amer.  at home [北美]在家  stay home  呆在家里 2  a  to the point aimed at 正中目标地；击中要害地  the thrust went home  刺中要害b  as far as possible 尽量地，尽可能地  drove the nail home  尽量钉牢钉子 pressed his advantage home  抓住有利机会充分利用 ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of a trained pigeon) return home (cf. 参见 HOMING 1) (尤指训练过的鸽子)回家 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, in on) (of a vessel, missile, etc.) be guided towards a destination or target by a landmark, radio beam, etc. (指船只、导弹等通过路标、无线电射线等)被导向目的地或目标 3 tr.  send or guide homewards 送回家，带回家 4 tr.  provide with a home 提供住处 □ at home   1  in one's own house or native land 在家；在国内 2  at ease as if in one's own home 像在家一样；无拘束  make yourself at home  你不要拘束 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, on, with)  familiar or well informed 熟悉，精通 4  available to callers 可以接待来访者的□ come home to   become fully realized by 被完全领会□ come home to roost   see 见 ROOST1 □ home and dry  Brit.  having achieved one's purpose [英]已达到目的□ home, James!  joc.  drive home quickly! [诙]快点回家！□ near home   affecting one closely 对人影响很大的，使人深受影响的□ homelike  adj.   [Old English hɑˉm, from Germanic]

home away from home n.  = HOME FROM HOME 

home-bird n. Brit. colloq.  a person who likes to stay at home [英口]喜欢呆在家中的人

homebody /ˈhəʊmbɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a person who likes to stay at home 喜欢呆在家中的人

homeboy /ˈhəʊmbɔi/ n. esp. US slang  a person from one's own town or neighbourhood [尤美] [俚语]老乡，同乡

home-brew n.  beer or other alcoholic drink brewed at home 家酿啤酒；家酿酒 □ home-brewed  adj.  

homebuyer /ˈhəʊmbaiə/ n.  a person who buys a house, flat, etc. 购房者，买房人

homecoming /ˈhəʊmkʌmiŋ/ n.  arrival at home 回家

Home Counties n. pl. (in the UK) the counties closest to London (英国)伦敦周围各郡

home economics n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  the study of household management 家政学

home farm n. Brit.  a farm (one of several on an estate) set aside to provide produce for the owner [英]家用(或自营)农场(所产供庄园自用，以别于出租农场)

home from home n.  a place other than one's home where one feels at home; a place providing homelike amenities 第二故乡，宾至如归的地方

home-grown adj.  grown or produced at home 本地种植的，本地生产的

Home Guard n. hist. [史义]  1  the British citizen army organized in 1940 to defend the UK against invasion, and disbanded in 1957 (英国)地方军(为保卫英国、抵抗外来侵略，由市民于 1940 年组成，于 1957 年解散) 2  a member of this 地方军成员

home help n. Brit.  a person employed to help in another's home, esp. one provided by a local authority [英]家务用人(尤指当地政府提供的)

homeland /ˈhəʊmlænd/ n.  1  one's native land 祖国；家乡 2  a partially self-governing area in S. Africa set aside for a particular indigenous African people or peoples under the former policy of separate development (the official name for a Bantustan) 黑人家园(在南非的半自治区域，官方的名称为班图斯坦) 3  any similar semi-autonomous area 类似的半自治地区

homeless /ˈhəʊmlis/ adj.  lacking a home 无家可归的 □ homelessness  n.  

home loan n.  a loan advanced to a person to assist in buying a house, flat, etc. 购房贷款

homely /ˈhəʊmli/ adj. (homelier, homeliest)  1 Brit. [英]  a  simple, plain 家常的；简单的，普通的b  unpretentious 谦逊的，不做作的c  primitive 原始的 2 N. Amer. (of people or their features) not attractive in appearance, ugly [北美] (人或其容貌)不吸引人的，相貌平平的 3  comfortable in the manner of a home, cosy 舒适的，安逸的 4  skilled at housekeeping 善于管家的 □ homeliness  n.  

home-made adj.  made at home 家里做的；自制的

home-making n.  the creation of a (pleasant) home 管家，持家 □ homemaker  n.  

home movie n.  a film made at home or of one's own activities 自制影片；记录个人活动的影片

Home Office n.  1  the British government department dealing with law and order, immigration, etc., in England and Wales (在英格兰和威尔士处理法纪、移民等的)英国内政部 2  the building used for this 内政部大楼

homeopath esp. US var.  of HOMOEOPATH [尤美] HOMOEOPATH 的变体

homeopathy esp. US var.  of HOMOEOPATHY [尤美] HOMOEOPATHY 的变体

homeostasis /həʊmiəʊˈsteisis, hɒm-/ n. (also 亦作 homoeostasis) (pl. -stases /-si:z/)  the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes 动态平衡；体内平衡 □ homeostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek homoios ‘like’ + -STASIS]

homeotherm /ˈhɒmiəʊθɜ:m/ n. (also 亦作 homoeotherm, homoiotherm)  an organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usu. above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity; a warm-blooded organism (cf. 参见 POIKILOTHERM) 恒温动物，温血生物(通过新陈代谢使体温相对稳定，通常高于周围环境温度) □ homeothermal  /-ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  □ homeothermic  /-ˈθɜ:mik/ adj.  □ homeothermy  n.   [modern Latin, from Greek homoios ‘like’ + thermē ‘heat’]

homeowner /ˈhəʊməʊnə/ n.  a person who owns his or her own home 自己拥有住房者；私房屋主

home perm n.  a permanent wave made with domestic equipment 家庭烫发

home plate n. Baseball  a plate beside which the batter stands 【棒球】本垒板

home port n.  the port from which a ship originates 船籍港

homer /ˈhəʊmə/ n.  1  a homing pigeon 信鸽，传信鸽 2 Baseball  a home run 【棒球】本垒打

Homeric /həʊˈmerik/ adj.  1  of, or in the style of, Homer or the epic poems ascribed to him 荷马的；荷马史诗的 2  of Bronze Age Greece as described in these poems (这些诗中描述的)青铜器时期古希腊的 3  epic, large-scale, titanic 史诗般的，大规模的  Homeric conflict  大规模的冲突 [Latin Homericus from Greek Homērikos from Homēros ‘Homer’, the name of the traditional author of the Iliad and the Odyssey]

home rule n.  the government of a country or region by its own citizens 地方自治

home run n. Baseball  a hit that allows the batter to make a complete circuit of the bases 【棒球】本垒打

Home Secretary n. (in the UK) the Secretary of State in charge of the Home Office (英国)内政大臣

home shopping n.  shopping carried out from home using catalogues, satellite TV channels, etc. 邮寄购物，电视购物，网上购物

homesick /ˈhəʊmsik/ adj.  depressed by longing for one's home during absence from it 想家的，思乡的 □ homesickness  n.  

home signal n.  a signal indicating whether a train may proceed into a station or to the next section of the line 火车进站信号

homespun /ˈhəʊmspʌn/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of cloth) made of yarn spun at home (布料)家纺纱线做的，土布做的b (of yarn) spun at home (纱线)家纺的；手工织的 2  plain, simple, unsophisticated, homely 平凡的，简单的，朴素的；家常的 ●n.  1  homespun cloth 家纺的布，土布 2  anything plain or homely 朴素的事物，平凡的事物

homestead /ˈhəʊmsted/ n.  1  a house, esp. a farmhouse, and outbuildings 家宅(尤指农庄) 2 Austral. & NZ  the owner's residence on a sheep or cattle station [澳新]牧场主住宅 3 N. Amer.  an area of land (usu. 160 acres) granted to a settler as a home [北美]公地(通常 160 英亩，分给定居者建家园) □ homesteader  n.  □ homesteading  n.   [Old English hɑˉmstede (as HOME, STEAD)]

home straight n. (also 亦作 home stretch)  the concluding stretch of a racecourse (赛马场的)终点直道

homestyle /ˈhəʊmstail/ adj. N. Amer. (esp. of food) of a kind made or done at home, homely [北美] (尤指食物)家里制的，自制的

home town n.  the town of one's birth or early life or present fixed residence 家乡，故乡

home trade n. Brit.  trade carried on within a country [英]国内贸易

home truth n.  basic but unwelcome information concerning oneself (有关自己的)令人不愉快的事实

home unit n. Austral.  a private residence, usu. occupied by the owner, as one of several in a building [澳]私有住宅(通常由业主居住)

homeward /ˈhəʊmwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 homewards /-wədz/)  towards home 向家，向家乡；向本国 ●adj.  going or leading towards home 回家的；归国的 [Old English hɑˉmweard(es) (as HOME, -WARD)]

homeward-bound adv. & adj. (esp. of a ship) preparing to go, or on the way, home (尤指船)驶向本土的(地)；驶向本国的(地)

homework /ˈhəʊmwɜ:k/ n.  1  work to be done at home, esp. by a school pupil (尤指学生的)家庭作业，课外作业 2  preparatory work or study 准备工作

homeworker /ˈhəʊmwɜ:kə/ n.  a person who works from home, esp. doing low-paid piecework 家庭佣工(尤指做低薪计件工作的)

homey /ˈhəʊmi/ adj. (also 亦作 homy) (homier, homiest)  suggesting home; cosy 像家一样的；舒适的 □ homeyness  n. (also 亦作 hominess)  

homicide /ˈhɒmisaid/ n.  1  the killing of a human being by another 他杀，杀人 2  a person who kills a human being 杀人者 □ homicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin homicidium (sense 1), homicida (sense 2), from homo ‘man’]

homiletic /hɒmiˈletik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of homilies 说教的，布道的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the art of preaching 说教术；讲道术 [Late Latin homileticus from Greek homilētikos, from homileō ‘hold converse, consort’ (as HOMILY)]

homiliary /hɒˈmiliəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a book of homilies 讲道集 [medieval Latin homeliarius (as HOMILY)]

homily /ˈhɒmili/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sermon 说教，讲道 2  a tedious moralizing discourse (冗长乏味的)道德说教 □ homilist  n.   [Middle English via Old French omelie and ecclesiastical Latin homilia from Greek homilia, from homilos ‘crowd’]

homing /ˈhəʊmiŋ/ attrib. adj.  1 (of a pigeon) trained to fly home, bred for long-distance racing (鸽子受训后)有返回能力的，有返回习性的；(为长距离比赛)饲养的 2 (of a device) for guiding to a target etc. (设备)导航的；自导引的 3  that goes home 回家的；归来的

homing instinct n.  the instinct of certain animals to return to the territory which they have left or from which they have been moved (某些动物的)返回原地的本能

hominid /ˈhɒminid/ n. & adj. ●n.  any member of the primate family Hominidae, including humans and their fossil ancestors 人科的动物(包括人类和他们的远古祖先) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 人科的 [modern Latin Hominidae from Latin homo hominis ‘man’]

hominoid /ˈhɒminɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  like a human 类人的，似人的 2  hominid or pongid 人科的；类人猿的 ●n.  an animal resembling a human 类人动物

hominy /ˈhɒmini/ n. (esp. in the US) coarsely ground maize kernels boiled with water or milk (尤指美国的)玉米粥 [Algonquian]

Homo /ˈhəʊməʊ, ˈhɒməʊ/ n.  any primate of the genus Homo, including modern humans and various extinct species 人属动物(包括现代人和灭绝的人类) [Latin, = man]

homo /ˈhəʊməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a homosexual [口]同性恋者 [abbreviation]

homo- /ˈhɒməʊ, ˈhəʊməʊ/ comb. form  same (often opp. HETERO-) [构词成分]相同的 [Greek homos ‘same’]

homocentric /həʊmə(ʊ)ˈsentrik, hɒm-/ adj.  having the same centre 同心的；共心的

homoeopath /ˈhəʊmiəpæθ, ˈhɒm-/ n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] homeopath)  a person who practises homoeopathy 实施顺势疗法的人 [German Homöopath (as HOMOEOPATHY)]

homoeopathy /həʊmiˈɒpəθi, hɒm-/ n. (also esp. US [亦尤美] homeopathy)  the treatment of disease by minute doses of drugs that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of the disease (cf. 参见 ALLOPATHY) 顺势疗法 □ homoeopathic  /-ˈpæθik/ adj.  □ homoeopathically  /-ˈpæθik(ə)li/ adv.  □ homoeopathist  n.   [German Homöopathie, from Greek homoios ‘like’ + patheia -PATHY]

homoeostasis var.  of HOMEOSTASIS  HOMEOSTASIS 的变体

homoeotherm var.  of HOMEOTHERM  HOMEOTHERM 的变体

homoerotic /ˌhəʊməʊiˈrɒtik, ˌhɒməʊ-/ adj.  homosexual 同性恋的

homogametic /hɒməɡəˈmetik, -ˈmi:-; həʊm-/ adj. Biol. (of a sex or individuals of a sex) producing gametes that carry the same sex chromosome 【生】同(型)配(子)的

homogamy /hɒˈmɒɡəmi/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  a state in which the flowers of a plant are hermaphrodite or of the same sex 具同性花 2  the simultaneous ripening of the stamens and pistils of a flower 雌雄同熟 □ homogamous  adj.   [Greek homogamos (as HOMO-, gamos ‘marriage’)]

homogenate /həˈmɒdʒineit/ n.  a suspension produced by homogenizing 均匀混合物；匀浆

homogeneous /hɒmə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:niəs, -ˈdʒen-; həʊm-/ adj. (also disp. [亦异议] homogenous /həˈmɒdʒənəs/)  1  of the same kind 同类的，相同的 2  consisting of parts all of the same kind; uniform 由同类部分组成的；匀质的，均一的 3 Math.  containing terms all of the same degree 【数】齐性的；齐次的 □ homogeneity  /-dʒiˈni:iti, -dʒiˈneiiti/ n.  □ homogeneously  adv.  □ homogeneousness  n.   [medieval Latin homogeneus from Greek homogenēs (as HOMO-, genēs from genos ‘kind’)]■Usage 用法说明 The variant homogenous is considered incorrect by many people and is best avoided. It is found especially in spoken English and arose perhaps under the influence of the verb homogenize. The technical term homogenous (see 见 HOMOGENOUS1) is quite different in meaning and has now been largely replaced by HOMOGENETIC. 许多人认为变体 homogenous 是不正确的，最好避免使用该词。此词在口语中用得比较多，可能受动词 homogenize 的影响。技术术语 homogenous 词义迥然不同，现在已很大程度上被 HOMOGENETIC 代替。 

homogenetic /ˌhəʊməʊdʒiˈnetik, ˌhɒməʊ-/ adj. Biol.  having a common descent or origin 【生】同质的，同源的

homogenize /həˈmɒdʒənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become homogeneous 使均匀；使类同 2 tr.  treat (milk) so that the fat droplets are emulsified and the cream does not separate 使(牛奶)均质(使其脂肪乳化，不再形成奶油) □ homogenization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ homogenizer  n.  

homogenous1 /həˈmɒdʒinəs/ adj. Biol. archaic 【生】[古义]  = HOMOGENETIC  [HOMOGENY + -OUS]

homogenous2 adj.  see 见 HOMOGENEOUS  [alteration of HOMOGENEOUS, perhaps influenced by HOMOGENIZE]

homogeny /həˈmɒdʒəni/ n. Biol.  similarity due to common descent 【生】同源发生

homograft /ˈhɒməɡrɑ:ft, ˈhəʊm-/ n.  a tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient (cf. 参见 ALLOGRAFT) 同种移植物，自身移植物

homograph /ˈhɒməɡrɑ:f; ˈhəʊm-/ n.  a word spelt like another but of different meaning or origin 同形异义词 (e.g. 如 POLE1, POLE2)

homoiotherm var.  of HOMEOTHERM  HOMEOTHERM 的变体

homoiousian /hɒmɔiˈu:siən, -ˈaʊ-, -z-/ n. hist.  a person who held that God the Father and God the Son are of like but not identical substance (cf. 参见 HOMOOUSIAN) [史义]本体相类论者(认为圣父和圣子相类似，但不是同一体) [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek homoiousios, from homoios ‘like’ + ousia ‘essence’]

homolog US var.  of HOMOLOGUE [美] HOMOLOGUE 的变体

homologate /həˈmɒləɡeit/ v. tr.  1  acknowledge, admit 承认 2  confirm, accept 确认；同意 3  approve (a car, boat, engine, etc.) for use in a particular class of racing 批准使用(车、船、发动机等用于某类比赛) □ homologation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin homologare ‘agree’ from Greek homologeō (as HOMO-, logos ‘word’)]

homologize /hɒˈmɒlədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  be homologous; correspond 使同系，使类似；使相应 2 tr.  make homologous 同系，类似；相应

homologous /hɒˈmɒləɡəs/ adj.  1  a  having the same relation, relative position, etc. 同系的，类似的b  corresponding 相应的 2 Biol. (of organs etc.) similar in position, structure, and evolutionary origin but not necessarily in function (opp. 反义 ANALOGOUS 2) 【生】(器官等)同种异体的 3 Biol. (of chromosomes) pairing at meiosis and having the same structural features and pattern of genes 【生】(染色体)同源的 4 Chem. (of a series of chemical compounds) having the same functional group but differing in composition by a fixed group of atoms 【化】(化合物)同系的 [medieval Latin homologus from Greek (as HOMO-, logos ‘ratio, proportion’)]

homologue /ˈhɒməlɒɡ/ n. (US [美] homolog)  a homologous thing 同系物 [French from Greek homologon (neut. adj.) (as HOMOLOGOUS)]

homology /hɒˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  a homologous state or relation; correspondence 同源；同种；相应 □ homological  /hɒməˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

homomorphic /hɒmə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik, həʊm-/ adj. (also 亦作 homomorphous)  of the same or similar form 形状相同(或相似的) □ homomorphically  adv.  □ homomorphism  n.  □ homomorphy  n.  

homonym /ˈhɒmənim/ n.  1  a word of the same spelling or sound as another but of different meaning; a homograph or homophone 同音异义词；同形异义词 2  a namesake 同名人；同名物 □ homonymic  /-ˈnimik/ adj.  □ homonymous  /həˈmɒniməs/ adj.   [Latin homonymum from Greek homōnumon (neut. adj.) (as HOMO-, onoma ‘name’)]

homoousian /hɒməʊˈu:siən, -ˈaʊ-, -z-; həʊməʊ-/ n. (also 亦作 homousian /hɒˈmu:-, hɒˈmaʊ-/) hist.  a person who held that God the Father and God the Son are of the same substance (cf. 参见 HOMOIOUSIAN) [史义]本体同一论者(认为圣父和圣子本体同一) [ecclesiastical Latin homoousianus via Late Latin homousius from Greek homoousios (as HOMO-, ousia ‘essence’)]

homophobia /hɒmə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə, həʊmə(ʊ)-/ n.  a hatred or fear of homosexuals 对同性恋(者)的憎恨或恐惧 □ homophobe  /ˈhɒm-, ˈhəʊm-/ n.  □ homophobic  /-ˈfəʊbik/ adj.  

homophone /ˈhɒməfəʊn, ˈhəʊm-/ n.  1  a word having the same sound as another but of different meaning, origin, or spelling (e.g. pair, pear) 同音异义词(如 pair 和 pear) 2  a symbol denoting the same sound as another 同音符号(或字母)

homophonic /hɒməˈfɒnik, həʊm-/ adj. Mus.  in unison; characterized by movement of all parts to the same melody 【音】齐唱的，齐奏的 □ homophonically  adv.  

homophonous /həˈmɒf(ə)nəs/ adj.  1 (of music) homophonic (音乐)齐唱的；齐奏的 2 (of a word or symbol) that is a homophone (词或符号)同音的 □ homophony  n.  

homopolar /həʊməʊˈpəʊlə, hɒməʊ-/ adj.  1  electrically symmetrical 同极的 2 Electr. (of a generator) producing direct current without the use of commutators 【电】(发电机)单极的；同极的 3 Chem. (of a covalent bond) in which one atom supplies both electrons 【化】(共价键)无极的，共价的

homopteran /hɒˈmɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any insect of the suborder Homoptera, including true bugs with wings of a uniform texture, e.g. aphids and cicadas (cf. 参见 HETEROPTERAN) 同翅类昆虫(翅膀上有统一纹理的虫子，如蚜虫和蝉) □ homopterous  adj.   [HOMO- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

Homo sapiens /həʊməʊ ˈsæpienz, hɒməʊ/ n.  modern humans regarded as a species 智人(指现代人)，人类 [Latin, = wise man]

homosexual /hɒmə(ʊ)ˈseksjʊəl, həʊm-, -ʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  feeling or involving sexual attraction to persons of the same sex 对同性有性吸引力的 2  concerning homosexual relations or people 同性恋的 3  relating to the same sex 同性的，同性别的 ●n.  a homosexual person 同性恋者 □ homosexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ homosexually  adv.  

homousian var.  of HOMOOUSIAN  HOMOOUSIAN 的变体

homozygote /hɒmə(ʊ)ˈzaiɡəʊt, həʊm-/ n. Biol.  an individual having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes and so breeding true for the corresponding characteristic 【生】纯和体；同型接合体 □ homozygous  adj.  

homunculus /hɒˈmʌŋkjʊləs/ n. (also 亦作 homuncule /-kju:l/) (pl. homunculi /-lai/ or homuncules)  a little man, a manikin 矮人；侏儒 [Latin homunculus from homo -minis ‘man’]

homy var.  of HOMEY  HOMEY 的变体

Hon. abbr. [缩略]  1  Honorary  2  Honourable 

hon /hʌn/ n. colloq. [口]  = HONEY 5  [abbreviation]

honcho /ˈhɒn(t)ʃəʊ/ n. & v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a leader or manager, the person in charge 上司，经理；负责人 2  an admirable man 受人尊敬的人 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  be in charge of, oversee 掌管；监督，检查 [Japanese han'chō ‘group leader’]

Honduran /hɒnˈdjuərən/ adj. & n.  洪都拉斯的(人)

Honduras   洪都拉斯

hone /həʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a whetstone, esp. for razors (尤指磨剃刀的)磨刀石 2  any of various stones used as material for this 磨石 ●v. tr.  sharpen on or as on a hone 磨(刀)；磨练 [Old English hɑˉn ‘stone’, from Germanic]

honest /ˈɒnist/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  fair and just in character or behaviour, not cheating or stealing 公正的，正直的；诚实的，老实的 2  free of deceit and untruthfulness, sincere 真诚的；真实的；诚挚的 3  fairly earned 以正当手段挣得的  an honest living  靠正当收入过日子 4 (of an act or feeling) showing fairness (行为或感情)坦率的；可靠的；公正的 5 (with patronizing effect) blameless but undistinguished (cf. 参见 WORTHY adj. 2) (带有屈尊俯就的效果)无过失的，不错的(但仍属一般) 6 (of a thing) unadulterated, unsophisticated (物)不搀杂的；纯正的 ●adv. colloq.  genuinely, really [口]真正地，确实地 □ earn (or turn) an honest penny   earn money fairly 以正当手段挣钱□ make an honest woman of  colloq. or joc.  marry (esp. a pregnant woman) [口] [诙] (尤指与怀孕的妇女)结婚 [Middle English via Old French (h)oneste from Latin honestus, from honos HONOUR]

honest broker n.  a mediator in international, industrial, etc., disputes (originally of Bismarck) (国际争端、工业纠纷等的)调解人，调停者(最初指俾斯麦)

honest Injun adv. colloq.  genuinely, really [口]确实地，真正地，老实说

honestly /ˈɒnistli/ adv.  1  in an honest way 诚实地；真正地；正当地 2  really 确实，实在  I don't honestly know  我的确不知道 honestly, the cheek of it!  实在是丢人呐！

honest-to-God adj. & adv. (also 亦作 honest-to-goodness) colloq. [口] ●adj.  genuine, real 真正的，真实的 ●adv.  genuinely, really 确实，实在

honesty /ˈɒnisti/ n.  1  being honest 诚实；正直 2  truthfulness 真实 3  a plant of the genus Lunaria with purple or white flowers, so called from its flat round semi-transparent seed pods 缎花(植物) [Middle English via Old French (h)onesté from Latin honestas -tatis (as HONEST)]

honey /ˈhʌni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a sweet sticky yellowish fluid made by bees and other insects from nectar collected from flowers 蜂蜜；花蜜 2  the colour of this 蜜黄色 3  a  sweetness 甜蜜b  a sweet thing 甜蜜的东西 4  a person or thing excellent of its kind 杰出的人或事物 5 esp. N. Amer. (usu. as a form of address) darling, sweetheart [尤北美] (通常用于称呼)亲爱的，甜心 [Old English hunig, from Germanic]

honey badger n.  a ratel 蜜獾

honey bee n.  see 见 BEE 1a 

honeybun /ˈhʌnibʌn/ n. (also 亦作 honeybunch /-bʌntʃ/) (esp. as a form of address) darling (尤用于称呼)亲爱的；宝贝

honey buzzard n.  any bird of prey of the genus Pernis feeding on the larvae of bees and wasps 蜂鹰(食蜜蜂和黄蜂的幼虫)

honeycomb /ˈhʌnikəʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a structure of hexagonal cells of wax, made by bees to store honey and eggs 蜂房，蜂巢 2  a  a pattern arranged hexagonally 六角形图案，六边形图案b  fabric made with a pattern of raised hexagons etc. 蜂巢纹织物 3  tripe from the second stomach of a ruminant 蜂巢胃(反刍动物第二胃) 4  a cavernous flaw in metalwork, esp. in guns (尤指枪炮上的)蜂窝状气孔 ●v. tr.  1  fill with cavities or tunnels, undermine 使千疮百孔；破坏 2  mark with a honeycomb pattern 以蜂窝状图案标记 [Old English hunigcamb (as HONEY, COMB)]

honeycreeper /ˈhʌni:kri:pə/ n.  1  a Hawaiian bird of the family Drepanididae (夏威夷产)管舌鸟 2  a tanager of tropical America, feeding on nectar 蜜旋木雀(生长于热带美洲，以花蜜为食)

honeydew /ˈhʌnidju:/ n.  1  a sweet sticky substance found on leaves and stems, excreted by aphids 蜜汁 2  a variety of melon with smooth pale skin and sweet green flesh 甜瓜，香瓜 3  an ideally sweet substance 甘露 4  tobacco sweetened with molasses 甜味烟草

honeyeater n.  any Australasian bird of the family Meliphagidae with a long tongue used to take nectar from flowers 蜜雀(澳大利西亚鸟，长有长舌，用于从花朵中取花蜜)

honeyed /ˈhʌnid/ adj. (also 亦作 honied)  1  of or containing honey 有蜂蜜的；甜的 2 (of words, flattery, etc.) sweet; sweet-sounding (话语、奉承等)甜蜜的；甜言蜜语的；阿谀的

honey-fungus n.  a parasitic fungus, Armillaria mellea, with honey-coloured edible toadstools 蜜环菌

honeyguide /ˈhʌniɡaid/ n.  1  any small bird of the family Indicatoridae which feeds on beeswax and insects 响蜜(以蜂蜡和昆虫为食) 2  a marking on the corolla of a flower thought to guide bees to nectar 蜜指标(花冠上的斑点，能指引蜜蜂来采蜜)

honeymoon /ˈhʌnimu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a holiday spent together by a newly married couple 蜜月 2  an initial period of enthusiasm or goodwill 最初的和谐或友善时期 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, at)  spend a honeymoon 度蜜月 □ honeymooner  n.   [HONEY + MOON, originally with reference to waning affection, not to a period of a month]

honey pot n.  1  a pot for honey 蜜罐 2  a posture with the hands clasped under the hams 两手在腿臀下紧紧握住的姿势 3  something very attractive or tempting 非常吸引人或诱惑人的东西

honey sac n.  an enlarged part of a bee's gullet where honey is formed 蜜胃

honeysuckle /ˈhʌnisʌk(ə)l/ n.  any climbing shrub of the genus Lonicera with fragrant yellow and pink flowers 忍冬(蔓生灌木，开黄色和粉色的花，有香味) [Middle English extension of honeysuck, from Old English hunigsūce (as HONEY, SUCK)]

honey-sweet adj.  sweet as honey 蜜一样甜的

Hong Kong /ˈhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ n.  香港 [中国]

honied var.  of HONEYED  HONEYED 的变体

honk /ˈhɒŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the cry of a wild goose 雁叫声 2  the harsh sound of a car horn (汽车)刺耳的鸣笛声 ●v.  1 intr.  emit or give a honk 雁鸣；鸣喇叭 2 tr.  cause to do this 鸣(喇叭) [imitative]

honky /ˈhɒŋki/ n. (pl. -ies) US black slang offens. [美] [黑人俚语] [冒犯]  1  a white person 白佬(黑人对白人的蔑称) 2  white people collectively 白种人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

honky-tonk /ˈhɒŋkitɒŋk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  ragtime piano music 拉格泰姆爵士乐钢琴曲 2  a cheap or disreputable nightclub, dance hall, etc. 廉价低级的夜总会(舞厅等) [19th c.: origin unknown]

honnête homme /ɒneit ˈɒm, 法 ɔnɛt ɔm/ n.  a decent, cultivated man of the world 正人君子 [French]

Honolulu /ˌhɒnəˈlu:lu:/ n.  火奴鲁鲁(即檀香山) [美国夏威夷州首府]

honor US var.  of HONOUR [美] HONOUR 的变体

honorable US var.  of HONOURABLE [美] HONOURABLE 的变体

honorand /ˈɒnərænd/ n.  a person to be honoured, esp. with an honorary degree 荣获名誉学位之人 [Latin honorandus (as HONOUR)]

honorarium /ɒnəˈrɛəriəm/ n. (pl. honorariums or honoraria /-riə/)  a fee, esp. a voluntary payment for professional services rendered without the normal fee 酬劳(尤指对没有价格规定的专业服务给予的酬金、谢礼) [Latin, neut. of honorarius: see HONORARY]

honorary /ˈɒn(ə) (rə)ri/ adj.  1  a  conferred as an honour, without the usual requirements, functions, etc. 荣誉的，名誉的  honorary degree  荣誉学位b  holding such a title or position 具有这一称号或地位的  honorary colonel  名誉上校 2 Brit. (of an office or its holder) unpaid [英] (职位或职务)无报酬的，义务的  honorary secretaryship  义务秘书 honorary treasurer  义务出纳 3 (of an obligation) depending on honour, not legally enforceable (指义务)道义上的 [Latin honorarius (as HONOUR)]

honorific /ɒnəˈrifik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  conferring honour 表示尊敬的 2 (esp. of oriental forms of speech) implying respect (尤指东方语言中所用的)敬语的 ●n.  an honorific form of words 尊称；敬语 □ honorifically  adv.   [Latin honorificus (as HONOUR)]

honoris causa /ɒˌnɔ:ris ˈkaʊzə/ adv. (esp. of a degree awarded without examination) as a mark of esteem (尤指未经考试而授予学位)作为荣誉的表示 [Latin, = for the sake of honour]

honour /ˈɒnə/ n. & v. (US [美] honor) ●n.  1  high respect; glory; credit, reputation, good name 尊敬，敬意；光荣；声望；名声 2  adherence to what is right or to a conventional standard of conduct 正义感，道义，气节 3  nobleness of mind, magnanimity 崇高；宽宏大量  honour among thieves  盗亦有道 4  a thing conferred as a distinction, esp. an official award for bravery or achievement 荣誉 5 (foll. by 后跟 of + verbal noun, or to + infin.)  privilege, special right 特权，荣幸  had the honour of being invited  有幸被邀请 6  a  exalted position 高位b (作 Honour) (prec. by 前接 your, his, etc.)  a title of a circuit judge, US a mayor, and Ir. or in rustic speech any person of rank 阁下，大人(指巡回法官； [美]市长； [爱尔兰] (农村人)对任何阶层人的尊称) 7 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a person or thing that brings honour 增光的人或事  she is an honour to her profession  她是这一行业的光荣 8  a (of a woman) chastity (指妇女的)贞操b  the reputation for this 贞节 9 (in pl. 用复数)  a  special distinction for proficiency in an examination 优异的成绩b  a course of degree studies more specialized than for an ordinary pass 为优秀学生增开的高级课程 10  a Bridge  the ace, king, queen, jack, and ten, esp. of trumps, or the four aces at no trumps 【桥牌】大牌b Whist  the ace, king, queen, and jack, esp. of trumps 【惠斯特】王牌 11 Golf  the right of driving off first as having won the last hole 【高尔夫球】先打权  it is my honour  该我先打 ●v. tr.  1  respect highly 尊敬 2  confer honour on 表示敬意 3  accept (a bill) or pay (a cheque) when due 承兑，支付(票据或支票) 4  acknowledge 执行，承认 □ do the honours   perform the duties of a host to guests etc. 尽地主之谊，尽主人之礼□ honour bright   on my honour! 确实，真的□ honours are even  Brit.  there is equality in the contest [英]在比赛中力量均衡□ in honour bound   = on one's honour □ in honour of   as a celebration of 为纪念，为庆祝□ on one's honour  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  under a moral obligation 以名誉担保□ on (or upon) my honour   an expression of sincerity 表示诚意时的用语 [Middle English via Old French (h)onor (n.), onorer (v.) from Latin honor, honarare]

honourable /ˈɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] honorable)  1  a  worthy of honour 可敬的，应受尊敬的b  bringing honour to its possessor 增光的c  showing honour, not base 表示尊敬的d  consistent with honour 无损名誉的e colloq. or joc. (of the intentions of a man courting a woman) directed towards marriage [口] [诙]求婚的 2 (作 Honourable)  a title indicating eminence or distinction, given to certain high officials, the children of certain ranks of the nobility, and MPs 可敬的(给予某些高官、贵族子女和议员的荣誉称号) □ honourableness  n.  □ honourably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French honorable from Latin honorabilis (as HONOUR)]

honourable mention n.  an award of merit to a candidate in an examination, a work of art, etc., not awarded a prize 荣誉奖，优秀奖(发给成绩优秀但未正式获奖的人)

honour point n. Heraldry  the point halfway between the top of a shield and the fesse point 【纹章学】纹章中盾形中心点与盾尖之间的点

honours list n.  a list of persons awarded honours 受表彰者名单

honours of war n. pl.  privileges granted to a capitulating force, e.g. that of marching out with colours flying 给予降军的恩典(如允其举军旗列队撤出)

honour system n.  a system of examinations etc. without supervision, relying on the honour of those concerned 信用制度(出于信任而不加监督的制度)

honour-trick n. Bridge 【桥牌】  = QUICK TRICK 

Hon. Sec. abbr.  Honorary Secretary [缩略]义务秘书

Honshu /ˈhɒnʃu:/ n.  本州岛 [日本]

hooch /hu:tʃ/ n. (also 亦作 hootch) N. Amer. colloq.  alcoholic liquor, esp. inferior or illicit whisky [北美口]酒(尤指劣等的或私卖的威士忌酒) [abbreviation of hoochinoo, the name of a liquor-making Alaskan tribe]

hood1 /hʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a covering for the head and neck, whether part of a cloak etc. or separate 头巾；兜帽b  a separate hoodlike garment worn over a university gown or a surplice to indicate the wearer's degree 学位服 2 Brit.  a folding waterproof top of a motor car, pram, etc. [英] (汽车、童车等的可折叠防水的)顶篷 3 N. Amer.  the bonnet of a motor vehicle [北美]汽车发动机罩 4  a canopy to protect users of machinery or to remove fumes etc. 排风罩 5  a hoodlike structure or marking on the head or neck of a cobra, seal, etc. (眼镜蛇、海豹等的头部或颈部的)皮褶 6  a leather covering for a hawk's head (鹰的)头罩 ●v. tr.  cover with a hood 加上头罩，给…带头罩 □ hoodless  adj.  □ hoodlike  adj.   [Old English hōd from West Germanic: related to HAT]

hood2 /hʊd/ n. esp. US slang  a gangster or gunman [尤美] [俚语]暴徒，打手；枪手 [abbreviation of HOODLUM]

-hood /hʊd/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  of condition or state (childhood 儿童时期 ; falsehood 错误) 表示“状况”，“状态” 2  indicating a collection or group (sisterhood 姐妹关系 ; neighbourhood 邻里关系) 表示“集体”，“团体” [Old English -hɑˉd, originally an independent noun, = person, condition, quality]

hooded /ˈhʊdid/ adj.  having a hood; covered with a hood 有罩的；带帽子的

hooded crow n.  a piebald grey and black crow, of a northern race of the carrion crow 冠鸦(身体有灰黑色花斑，属于食腐肉乌鸦)

hoodie /ˈhʊdi/ n.  = HOODED CROW 

hoodlum /ˈhu:dləm/ n.  1  a street hooligan, a young thug 恶棍，流氓 2  a gangster 强盗，匪徒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hood-mould n. (also 亦作 hood-moulding) Archit.  a dripstone 【建】滴水石

hoodoo /ˈhu:du:/ n. & v. esp. US [尤美] ●n.  1  a  bad luck 不祥，厄运b  a thing or person that brings or causes this 招致不祥的物(或人) 2  voodoo 伏都教的人 3  a strangely shaped rock pinnacle or column of rock formed by erosion etc. 形状奇特的岩柱 ●v. tr. (hoodoos, hoodooed)  1  make unlucky 给…带来厄运 2  bewitch 施巫术 [alteration of VOODOO]

hoodwink /ˈhʊdwiŋk/ v. tr.  deceive, delude 欺骗；蒙蔽 [originally ‘blindfold’, from HOOD1 n. + WINK]

hooey /ˈhu:i/ n. & int. colloq.  nonsense, humbug [口]胡言乱语 [20th c.: origin unknown]

hoof /hu:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. hoofs or hooves /-vz/)  the horny part of the foot of a horse, antelope, and other ungulates 蹄 ●v.  1 tr.  strike with a hoof 用蹄踢 2 tr. slang  kick or shove [俚语]踢；挤 □ hoof it  slang [俚语]  1  go on foot 步行 2  dance 跳舞□ on the hoof  (of cattle) not yet slaughtered (牛)活着的，尚未屠宰的□ hoofed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English hōf, from Germanic]

hoofer /ˈhu:fə/ n. slang  a professional dancer [俚语]专业舞者

hoo-ha /ˈhu:hɑ:/ n. colloq.  a commotion, a row; uproar, trouble [口]激动；骚动，吵闹； [20th c.: origin unknown]

hook /hʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a piece of metal or other material bent back at an angle or with a round bend, for catching hold or for hanging things on 钩子，挂钩b (in full 全称 fish-hook)  a bent piece of wire, usu. barbed and baited, for catching fish 鱼钩 2  a curved cutting instrument 钩状物  reaping-hook  镰刀 3  a  a sharp bend, e.g. in a river 河湾b  a projecting point of land 钩状岬  Hook of Holland  荷兰岬(荷兰西南海岸的海角)c  a sand-spit with a curved end 沙钩 4  a Cricket & Golf  a hooking stroke (see sense 5 of v. 见动词释义 5) 【板球】【高尔夫球】曲线球b Boxing  a short swinging blow with the elbow bent and rigid 【拳击】钩拳 5  a trap, a snare 陷阱，圈套 6  a  a curved stroke in handwriting, esp. as made in learning to write (尤指学习写字时写的)弯曲的笔划b Mus.  an added stroke transverse to the stem in the symbol for a quaver etc. 【音】符尾 7 (in pl. 用复数) slang  fingers [俚语]手指 ●v.  1 tr.  a  grasp with a hook 钩；挂b  secure with a hook or hooks 用钩固定 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, up)  a tr.  attach with or as with a hook 用钩连接b intr.  be or become attached with a hook 被钩住；钩牢 3 tr.  catch with or as with a hook 钓  he hooked a fish  他钓了一条鱼 she hooked a husband  她骗到一个丈夫 4 tr. slang  steal [俚语]偷 5 tr.  a Cricket  play (the ball) round from the off to the on side with an upward stroke 【板球】击曲线球b (also absol. [亦含宾]) Golf  strike (the ball) so that it deviates towards the striker 【高尔夫球】击曲线球(使球转向击球手) 6 tr. Rugby  secure (the ball) and pass it backward with the foot in the scrum 【英式橄榄球】(在并列争球中)用脚钩球将球传给本方前卫 7 tr. Boxing  strike (one's opponent) with the elbow bent and rigid 【拳击】用钩拳击打(对手) □ by hook or by crook   by one means or another, by fair means or foul 千方百计地，不择手段地□ hook it  Brit. slang  make off, run away [英] [俚语]逃跑，逃走□ hook, line, and sinker   entirely 完全地，全部地□ off the hook   1 colloq.  no longer in difficulty or trouble [口]脱离困境，脱离危险 2 (of a telephone receiver) not on its rest, and so preventing incoming calls (电话听筒)未挂好□ off the hooks  Brit. slang  dead [英] [俚语]死了，咽气了□ on one's own hook  slang  on one's own account [俚语]独立地；自己负责地□ sling (or take) one's hook  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = hook it □ hookless  adj.  □ hooklet  n.  □ hooklike  adj.   [Old English hōc: sense 3 of n. probably influenced by Dutch hoek ‘corner’]

hookah /ˈhʊkə/ n.  an oriental tobacco pipe with a long tube passing through water for cooling the smoke as it is drawn through 水烟袋，水烟筒 [Urdu from Arabic hukkah ‘casket, jar’]

hook and eye n.  a small metal hook and loop as a fastener on a garment (衣服上用的)钩和环；钩扣眼

hooked /ˈhʊkt/ adj.  1  hook-shaped 钩状的；弯曲的  hooked nose  鹰钩鼻 2  furnished with a hook or hooks 有钩的；带钩的 3  in senses of HOOK v. 用于 HOOK 动词各释义 4 (of a rug or mat) made by pulling woollen yarn through canvas with a hook (地毯或垫子)用钩针编织的 □ hooked on  slang  addicted to; captivated by [俚语]入迷的；成瘾的

hooker1 /ˈhʊkə/ n.  1 Rugby  the player in the middle of the front row of the scrum who tries to hook the ball 【英式橄榄球】钩球队员 2 slang  a prostitute [俚语]妓女 3  a person or thing that hooks 引人上钩的人

hooker2 /ˈhʊkə/ n.  1  a small Dutch or Irish fishing vessel (荷兰或爱尔兰的)小渔船 2 derog.  any ship [贬]船 [Dutch hoeker from hoek HOOK]

Hooke's law /hʊks/ n.  the law that the strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that solid 胡克定律 [named after R. Hooke, English scientist d. 1703]

hookey /ˈhʊki/ n. (also 亦作 hooky) N. Amer. [北美]   □ play hookey  colloq.  play truant [口]逃课 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hook-nose n.  an aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻 □ hook-nosed  adv.  

hook-up n.  a connection, esp. an interconnection of broadcasting equipment for special transmissions 连接；联播(尤指联播网)

hookworm /ˈhʊkwɜ:m/ n.  1  any of various parasitic nematode worms with hooklike mouthparts for attachment and feeding, infesting the gut of humans and animals 钩虫 2  a disease caused by an infestation of these, often resulting in severe anaemia 钩虫病

hooligan /ˈhu:liɡ(ə)n/ n.  a young ruffian, esp. a member of a gang 小流氓；阿飞 □ hooliganism  n.   [19th c.: perhaps from Hooligan, surname of a fictional rowdy Irish family]

hoop1 /hu:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circular band of metal, wood, etc., esp. for binding the staves of casks etc. or for forming part of a framework 箍；环；圈 2  a  a ring bowled along by a child (儿童滚着玩的)铁环，塑料环b  a large ring, usu. with paper stretched over it, for circus performers to jump through (马戏表演者钻的)大圈 3 esp. Brit.  an arch of iron etc. through which the balls are hit in croquet [尤英]槌球戏中的拱门 4 hist. [史义]  a  a circle of flexible material for expanding a woman's petticoat or skirt (扩张妇女裙子的)裙环b (in full 全称 hoop petticoat)  a petticoat expanded with this 有裙环的衬裙 5  a  a band in contrasting colour on a sports shirt, jockey's cap, etc. (运动衣或骑士帽等上的)艳丽彩带b Austral. colloq.  a jockey [澳口]职业赛马骑师 ●v. tr.  1  bind with a hoop or hoops 箍 2  encircle with or as with a hoop 用箍环绕；包围 □ be put (or go) through the hoop (or hoops)   undergo an ordeal 受苦难；经历磨难 [Old English hōp, from West Germanic]

hoop2 var.  of WHOOP  WHOOP 的变体

hoop-iron n.  iron in long thin strips for binding casks etc. 箍铁；带钢

hoopla /ˈhu:plɑ:/ n.  1 Brit.  a game in which rings are thrown in an attempt to encircle one of various prizes [英]投环套物游戏 2 colloq.  commotion [口]骚动，喧闹 3 colloq.  pretentious nonsense [口]混淆视听的话，蒙骗人的话

hoopoe /ˈhu:pu:, -pəʊ/ n.  a salmon-pink bird, Upupa epops, with black and white wings and tail, a large erectile crest, and a long decurved bill 戴胜(浅橙色鸟，戴胜科，有黑白色翅膀和尾、大而直立的冠和长而下弯的喙) [alteration of Middle English hoop, via Old French huppe from Latin upupa, imitative of its cry]

hoop petticoat  see 见 HOOP1 n. 4b 

hooray /hʊˈrei/ int.  1  = HURRAH  2 Austral. & NZ  goodbye [澳新]再见 [variant of HURRAH]

Hooray Henry /ˌhu:rei ˈhenri/ n. Brit. colloq.  a rich ineffectual young man, esp. one who is fashionable, extroverted, and conventional [英口]纨绔子弟

hoosegow /ˈhu:sɡaʊ/ n. US slang  a prison [美] [俚语]监牢 [Latin American Spanish juzgao, Spanish juzgado ‘tribunal’, from Latin judicatum, neut. past part. of judicare JUDGE]

hoot /hu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an owl's cry 猫头鹰的鸣叫 2  the sound made by a motor horn or a steam whistle (汽车喇叭、汽笛的)鸣叫声 3  a shout expressing scorn or disapproval; an inarticulate shout (表示轻蔑或反对的)喊声 4  a  a short outburst (of laughter) (笑声的)突然爆发b colloq.  a cause of this [口]发笑的原因  the escapade was a hoot  怪异的行为是发笑的原因 5 (also 亦作 two hoots) colloq.  anything at all [口]任何；一丝一毫  don't care a hoot  毫不在乎 don't give a hoot  一点也不给 doesn't matter two hoots  没有任何关系 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of an owl) utter its cry (猫头鹰)发出鸣叫声b (of a motor horn or steam whistle) make a hoot (汽车喇叭、汽笛)鸣叫c (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  make loud sounds, esp. of scorn, disapproval, or merriment 喧闹(尤指轻蔑、反对或嬉闹声)  hooted with laughter  呵呵大笑 2 tr.  a  assail with scornful shouts 用轻蔑的喊声表示反对b (often foll. by 常后跟 out, away)  drive away by hooting 用喊叫声轰赶 3 tr.  sound (a motor horn or steam whistle) 鸣(汽车喇叭或汽笛) [Middle English hūten (v.), perhaps imitative]

hootch var.  of HOOCH  HOOCH 的变体

hootenanny /ˈhu:t(ə)næni/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US colloq.  an informal gathering with folk music [尤美口]民间音乐会 [originally dialect, = ‘gadget’]

hooter /ˈhu:tə/ n.  1 Brit.  a siren or steam whistle, esp. as a signal for work to begin or cease [英]警笛；汽笛(尤指上下班的信号) 2 Brit.  the horn of a motor vehicle [英]汽车喇叭 3 slang  a nose [俚语]鼻子 4  a person or animal that hoots 喊叫的人；鸣叫的动物 5 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. coarse slang  a woman's breasts [北美] [粗俗俚语]妇女的乳房

hoots /hu:ts/ int. Sc. & N. Engl.  expressing dissatisfaction or impatience [苏格兰和英格兰北部]啐！哼！(表示不满或不耐烦) [a natural exclamation: cf. Swedish hut ‘begone’, Welsh hwt ‘away’, Irish ut ‘out’, all in similar sense]

Hoover /ˈhu:və/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. propr.  a vacuum cleaner (properly one made by the Hoover company) [商标]胡佛牌吸尘器(由胡佛公司生产) ●v. (作 hoover)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  clean (a carpet etc.) with a vacuum cleaner 用吸尘器清洁(地毯等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  a tr.  suck up with or as with a vacuum cleaner (用或似用吸尘器)吸起  hoovered up the crumbs  吸起面包屑b absol.  clean a room etc. with a vacuum cleaner [含宾]用吸尘器打扫房间  decided to hoover up before they arrived  决定在他们到达之前清扫房间 [named after W. H. Hoover, American manufacturer d. 1932]

hooves pl.  of HOOF  

hop1 /hɒp/ v. & n. ●v. (hopped, hopping)  1 intr. (of a bird, frog, etc.) spring with two or all feet at once (鸟、蛙等)齐足跳跃 2 intr. (of a person) jump on one foot (人)单脚跳 3 intr.  move or go quickly 快速移动；快速行走  hopped over the fence  跳过篱笆 4 tr.  cross (a ditch etc.) by hopping 跳过(地沟等) 5 intr. colloq. [口]  a  make a quick trip 快走b  make a quick change of position or location 在…跳来跳去；频繁更换工作或位置 6 tr. colloq. [口]  a  jump into (a vehicle) 跳上(汽车)b  obtain (a ride) in this way 偷偷地搭乘 7 tr. (usu. as 通常作 hopping n.) (esp. of aircraft) pass quickly from one (place of a specified type) to another (尤指飞机)从一处迅速飞往另一处  cloud-hopping  云中飞行，穿云飞行 hedge-hopping  低空飞越(障碍物)，掠地飞行 ●n.  1  a hopping movement 跳跃 2 colloq.  an informal dance [口]非正式的舞会；比较随意的舞蹈 3  a short flight in an aircraft; the distance travelled by air without landing; a stage of a flight or journey 短距离飞行；飞行距离；飞行或旅行的一个阶段 □ hop in (or out)  colloq.  get into (or out of) a car etc. [口]上车(或下车)□ hop it  Brit. slang  go away [英] [俚语]离开，走开□ hop the twig (or stick)  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  depart suddenly 突然离去 2  die 去世，死□ on the hop  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  unprepared 没有准备地  caught on the hop  突然被捉 2  bustling about 忙乱；奔忙 [Old English hoppian]

hop2 /hɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a climbing plant, Humulus lupulus, cultivated for the cones borne by the female 啤酒花藤，忽布(葎草属蔓生植物，雌性植物长孢子叶球) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the ripe cones of this, used to give a bitter flavour to beer 啤酒花(用以使啤酒有苦味)b Austral. & NZ colloq.  beer [澳新口]啤酒 3 US slang  opium or any other narcotic [美] [俚语]鸦片；毒品 ●v. (hopped, hopping)  1 tr.  flavour with hops 加啤酒花于；用啤酒花给…加味 2 intr.  produce or pick hops 产啤酒花；摘啤酒花 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) N. Amer. slang (as 作 hopped up adj.)  intoxicated; stimulated by or as if by drugs [北美] [俚语]陶醉的；异常兴奋的 [Middle English hoppe from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch hoppe]

hop-bind n. (also 亦作 hop-bine)  the climbing stem of the hop 忽布的缠绕茎

hope /həʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 of, that)  expectation and desire combined, e.g. for a certain thing to occur 希望，期望；指望  hope of getting the job  获得工作的希望 2  a  a person, thing, or circumstance that gives cause for hope 被寄予希望的人(物或情形)b  ground of hope, promise 希望的根据；(有)希望 3  what is hoped for 所希望的东西；所期望的事 4 archaic  a feeling of trust [古义]信任；信赖 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  feel hope 希望 2 tr.  expect and desire 期待；盼望 3 tr.  feel fairly confident 有信心 □ hope against hope   cling to a mere possibility 存一线希望□ not a (or some) hope!  colloq.  no chance at all [口]无望；妄想□ hoper  n.   [Old English hopa]

hope chest n. N. Amer. [北美]  = BOTTOM DRAWER 

hopeful /ˈhəʊpfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  feeling hope 抱有希望的；怀有希望的 2  causing or inspiring hope 给人以希望的；有希望的 3  likely to succeed, promising 有希望成功的；有前途的 ●n. (in full 全称 young hopeful)  1  a person likely to succeed 有希望的人；有前途的人 2 iron.  a person likely to be disappointed [讽]可能会失望的人；心存幻想的人 □ hopefulness  n.  

hopefully /ˈhəʊpfʊli, -f(ə)li/ adv.  1  in a hopeful manner 怀着希望地；有希望地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence) disp. it is to be hoped [异议] (修饰整个句子)但愿  hopefully, the car will be ready by then  希望汽车到时能修好■Usage 用法说明 The use of hopefully in sense 2 is extremely common, but it is still considered incorrect by some people. The main reason is that other such adverbs, e.g. regrettably, fortunately, etc., can be converted to the form it is regrettable, it is fortunate, etc., but hopefully converts to it is to be hoped. This use of hopefully probably arose as a translation of German hoffentlich, used in the same way, and first became popular in America in the late 1960s. Its use is best restricted to informal contexts. hopefully 用于释义 2 已很普遍，但仍有一些人认为不正确。主要原因是其他类似副词如 regrettably ， fortunately 等可以转变为 it is regrettable ， it is fortunate 等形式，但是 hopefully 的转变形式为 it is to be hoped 。这一用法可能来源于德语的 hoffentlich ， 20 世纪 60 年代末流行于美国，但这种用法最好只局限于非正式文体。 

hopeless /ˈhəʊplis/ adj.  1  feeling no hope 绝望的；不抱希望的 2  admitting no hope 不给人希望的；无望的  a hopeless case  情形无望；难解决的事情 3  inadequate, incompetent 不行的；无能的  am hopeless at tennis  (我)怎么也学不会网球 □ hopelessly  adv.  □ hopelessness  n.  

hophead /ˈhɒphed/ n. slang [俚语]  1 US  a drug addict [美]吸毒鬼，瘾君子 2 Austral. & NZ  a drunkard [澳新]醉鬼

hoplite /ˈhɒplait/ n.  a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece (古希腊的)重装备步兵 [Greek hoplitēs from hoplon ‘weapon’]

hopper1 /ˈhɒpə/ n.  1  a person who hops 单足跳者，跳跃者 2  a hopping arthropod, esp. a flea or cheese-maggot or young locust 跳虫(尤指跳蚤、干酪蛆或小蝗虫) 3  a  a container tapering downward (originally having a hopping motion) through which grain passes into a mill 给料漏斗b  a similar contrivance in various machines 布料器 4  a  a barge carrying away mud etc. from a dredging machine and discharging it (运泥等的)开底驳船b  a railway truck able to discharge coal etc. through its floor (铁路上运煤的)底卸式车

hopper2 /ˈhɒpə/ n.  a hop-picker 啤酒花采摘工(机)

hopping /ˈhɒpiŋ/ adj. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  very active, lively [尤北美口]极活跃的；忙碌的

hopping mad adj. colloq.  very angry [口]愤怒的；气愤的

hopple /ˈhɒp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  fasten together the legs of (a horse etc.) to prevent it from straying etc. (为免走失)把(马等的)腿拴一起 ●n.  an apparatus for this 马脚绊 [probably Low German: cf. HOBBLE and early Flemish hoppelen = Middle Dutch hobelen ‘jump, dance’]

hopsack /ˈhɒpsæk/ n.  1  a  a coarse material made from hemp etc. 板司呢，席纹呢b  sacking for hops made from this 席纹粗黄麻袋布 2  a coarse clothing fabric of a loose plain weave 方平织物

hopscotch /ˈhɒpskɒtʃ/ n.  a children's game of hopping over squares or oblongs marked on the ground to retrieve a flat stone etc. 儿童跳房子游戏 [HOP1 + SCOTCH1]

hop, skip, and jump n. (also 亦作 hop, step, and jump)  = TRIPLE JUMP 

Horace /ˈhɒrəs/   霍勒斯 [人名]

horary /ˈhɔ:rəri/ adj. archaic [古义]  1  of the hours 时辰的，钟点的 2  occurring every hour, hourly 每小时的；一小时发生一次的 [medieval Latin horarius from Latin hora HOUR]

horde /hɔ:d/ n.  1  a usu. derog.  a large group, a gang [通常贬]一大群；一帮，一伙b  a moving swarm or pack (of insects, wolves, etc.) 一群(昆虫、狼等) 2  a troop of Tartar or other nomads 鞑靼游牧部落；游牧部落 [Polish horda from Turkic ordī, ordū ‘camp’: cf. URDU]

horehound /ˈhɔ:haʊnd/ n. (also 亦作 hoarhound)  1  a (in full 全称 white horehound)  a herbaceous plant, Marrubium vulgare (mint family), with a white cottony covering on its stem and leaves 夏至草(草本植物，茎叶上有白色绒毛)b  its bitter aromatic juice used against coughs etc. 夏至草苦汁(可治疗咳嗽等) 2 (in full 全称 black horehound)  a herbaceous plant, Ballota nigra (mint family), with an unpleasant aroma 苦薄荷 [Old English hɑˉre hūne, from hɑˉr HOAR + hūne, the plant]

horizon /həˈraiz(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the line at which the earth and sky appear to meet 地平线b (in full 全称 apparent or sensible or visible horizon)  the line at which the earth and sky would appear to meet but for irregularities and obstructions; a circle where the earth's surface touches a cone whose vertex is at the observer's eye 视地平c (in full 全称 celestial or rational or true horizon)  a great circle of the celestial sphere, the plane of which passes through the centre of the earth and is parallel to that of the apparent horizon of a place 天球地平圈 2  limit of mental perception, experience, interest, etc. (思想、经历、兴趣等的)范围；眼界；见识 3  a geological stratum or set of strata, or layer of soil, with particular characteristics 地层，层位 4 Archaeol.  the level at which a particular set of remains is found 【考古】地层 □ on the horizon  (of an event) just imminent or becoming apparent (事件)即将来临的 [Middle English via Old French orizon(te) and Late Latin horizon -ontis from Greek horizōn (kuklos) ‘limiting (circle) ’]

horizontal /hɒriˈzɒnt(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  parallel to the plane of the horizon, at right angles to the vertical 与地平线平行的；水平的  horizontal plane  水平面b (of machinery etc.) having its parts working in a horizontal direction (机械等)平放的；卧式的 2  a  combining firms engaged in the same stage of production 同行业的  horizontal integration  同行业的合并b  involving social groups of equal status etc. 相同社会阶层的，相同地位的 3  of or at the horizon 地平线的；地平线上的 ●n.  a horizontal line, plane, etc. 地平线；水平面 □ horizontality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ horizontally  adv.   [French horizontal or modern Latin horizontalis (as HORIZON)]

hormone /ˈhɔ:məʊn/ n.  1 Physiol.  a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action 【生理】荷尔蒙 2  a synthetic substance with a similar effect 激素 □ hormonal  /-ˈməʊn(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek hormōn, part. of hormaō ‘impel’]

hormone replacement therapy n.  treatment with oestrogens to alleviate menopausal symptoms (abbr. 缩略 : HRT) 激素替代疗法

horn /hɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hard permanent outgrowth, often curved and pointed, on the head of cattle, rhinoceroses, giraffes, and other esp. hoofed mammals, found singly, in pairs, or one in front of another (尤指有蹄动物头上的单或双)角；角羽b  the structure of a horn, consisting of a core of bone encased in keratinized skin 角质 2  each of two deciduous branched appendages on the head of (esp. male) deer (鹿，尤指雄鹿头上的)茸角 3  a hornlike projection on the head of other animals, e.g. a snail's tentacle, the crest of a horned owl, etc. 触角；触须(如蜗牛的触角、角鸮的羽冠等) 4  the substance of which horns are composed 角质物 5  anything resembling or compared to a horn in shape 角状物 6 Mus. 【音】  a  = FRENCH HORN b  a wind instrument played by lip vibration, originally made of horn, now usu. of brass 号；铜管乐器c  a horn player 号手；铜管乐器吹奏者 7  an instrument sounding a warning or other signal 警报器；喇叭  car horn  汽车喇叭 foghorn  浓雾信号 8  a receptacle or instrument made of horn, e.g. a drinking vessel or powder flask etc. 角制容器(如角制酒杯、火药筒等) 9  a horn-shaped projection 角形突出物 10 US colloq.  a telephone [美口]电话 11  the extremity of the moon or other crescent 月牙，新月；月牙状物的钩尖 12  a  an arm or branch of a river, bay, etc. (河流的)分支；(海湾的)分叉b (作 the Horn)  Cape Horn 合恩角 13  a pyramidal peak formed by glacial action 角峰 14 Brit. coarse slang  an erect penis [英] [粗俗俚语]勃起的阴茎 15  the hornlike emblem of a cuckold 妻子有外遇者的标志 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 horned adj.)  provide with horns 装角于 2  gore with the horns 用角刺伤；用角抵触 □ horn in  slang [俚语]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  intrude 闯入；侵入 2  interfere 干涉；干预□ horn of plenty   a cornucopia 丰饶角；丰富，丰饶□ on the horns of a dilemma   faced with a decision involving equally unfavourable alternatives 困境，左右为难的处境□ hornist  n. (in senses 6a and b of n. 用于名词释义 6a 和 b)  □ hornless  adj.  □ hornlike  adj.   [Old English from Germanic: related to Latin cornu]

hornbeam /ˈhɔ:nbi:m/ n.  any tree of the genus Carpinus, with a smooth bark and a hard tough wood 鹅耳枥属树

hornbill /ˈhɔ:nbil/ n.  any bird of the tropical family Bucerotidae, with a hornlike excrescence on its large red or yellow curved bill 犀鸟(红色或黄色钩状嘴上长着角状赘生物)

hornblende /ˈhɔ:nblend/ n.  a dark brown, black, or green mineral occurring in many igneous and metamorphic rocks, and composed of calcium, magnesium, and iron silicates 角闪石 [German (as HORN, BLENDE)]

hornbook /ˈhɔ:nbʊk/ n. hist.  a leaf of paper containing the alphabet, the Lord's Prayer, etc., mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle, and protected by a thin plate of horn [史义]角帖书

horned /hɔ:nd/ adj.  1  having a horn or horns 有角的 2 (作 attrib.) crescent-shaped 弯月形的  horned moon  新月

horned owl n.  an owl, Bubo virginianus, with hornlike feathers over the ears 角鸮(耳上长有角状的翎毛)

horned toad n.  1  an American lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum, covered with spiny scales 角蜥(美国蜥蜴，身覆刺状鳞片) 2  any SE Asian toad of the family Pelobatidae, with horn-shaped extensions over the eyes 角蟾(东南亚蟾蜍，眼上有角状突出物)

hornet /ˈhɔ:nit/ n.  a large wasp, Vespa crabro, with a brown and yellow striped body, and capable of inflicting a severe sting 大黄蜂(身上有褐色和黄色斑纹，可造成严重的蜇伤) □ stir up a hornets' nest   provoke or cause trouble or opposition 捅马蜂窝；自找麻烦；树敌招怨 [Old English hyrnet, perhaps related to HORN]

hornpipe /ˈhɔ:npaip/ n.  1  a lively dance, usu. by one person (esp. associated with sailors) 角笛舞(尤指水手跳的活泼的单人舞) 2  the music for this 角笛舞曲 [name of an obsolete wind instrument partly of horn: Middle English, from HORN + PIPE]

horn-rimmed adj. (esp. of spectacles) having rims made of horn or a substance resembling it (尤指眼镜)用角质材料制架的；仿角质镜架的

hornswoggle /ˈhɔ:nswɒɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. slang  cheat, hoax [俚语]蒙骗；隐瞒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hornwort /ˈhɔ:nwɜ:t/ n.  any aquatic rootless plant of the genus Ceratophyllum, with forked leaves 角苔，金鱼藻(水生无根植物，叶子为叉状)

horny /ˈhɔ:ni/ adj. (hornier, horniest)  1  of or like horn 角的；角状的 2  hard like horn, callous 似角一样坚硬的；起老茧的  horny-handed  手上长茧的 3 slang  sexually excited [俚语]淫荡的；欲火中烧的 □ horniness  n.  

horologe /ˈhɒrəlɒdʒ/ n. archaic  a timepiece [古义]计时器 [Middle English via Old French orloge and Latin horologium from Greek hōrologion, from hōra ‘time’ + -logos ‘-telling’]

horology /hɒˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the art of measuring time or making clocks, watches, etc.; the study of this 测时法；钟表制造术；时计学；钟表制造学 □ horologer  n.  □ horologic  /hɒrəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ horological  /hɒrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ horologist  n.   [Greek hōra ‘time’ + -LOGY]

horoscope /ˈhɒrəskəʊp/ n. Astrol. 【占】  1  a forecast of a person's future based on a diagram showing the relative positions of the stars and planets at that person's birth 占星 2  such a diagram 占星图，天宫图  cast a horoscope  算命 3  observation of the sky and planets at a particular moment, esp. at a person's birth 星位，星象(尤指一个人出生时天体的位置) □ horoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ horoscopical  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  □ horoscopy  /hɒˈrɒskəpi/ n.   [French via Latin horoscopus from Greek hōroskopos, from hōra ‘time’ + skopos ‘observer’]

horrendous /hɒˈrendəs/ adj.  horrifying; awful 可怕的；骇人的，令人恐惧的 □ horrendously  adv.  □ horrendousness  n.   [Latin horrendus, gerundive of horrēre: see HORRID]

horrent /ˈhɒr(ə)nt/ adj. poet. [诗]  1  bristling 毛发直立的，竖立的 2  shuddering 可怕的；毛骨悚然的 [Latin horrēre: see HORRID]

horrible /ˈhɒrib(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or likely to cause horror; hideous, shocking 可怕的；恐怖的；骇人听闻的 2 colloq.  unpleasant, excessive [口]讨厌的；不愉快的；极端的  horrible weather  糟透了的天气 horrible noise  难听的声音 □ horribleness  n.  □ horribly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French (h)orrible from Latin horribilis, from horrēre: see HORRID]

horrid /ˈhɒrid/ adj.  1  horrible, revolting 恐怖的；令人厌恶的 2 colloq.  unpleasant, disagreeable [口]讨厌的；令人不愉快的  horrid weather  糟糕的天气 horrid children  烦人的孩子 3 poet.  rough, bristling [诗]粗糙的；毛发直立的 □ horridly  adv.  □ horridness  n.   [Latin horridus from horrēre ‘bristle, shudder’]

horrific /hɒˈrifik/ adj.  horrifying 可怕的；恐怖的，毛骨悚然的 □ horrifically  adv.   [French horrifique or Latin horrificus from horrēre: see HORRID]

horrify /ˈhɒrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  arouse horror in; shock, scandalize 使恐怖；使人毛骨悚然；使产生反感 □ horrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ horrifiedly  /-faidli/ adv.  □ horrifying  adj.  □ horrifyingly  adv.   [Latin horrificare (as HORRIFIC)]

horripilation /hɒˌripiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary [文学用语]  = GOOSE-FLESH  [Late Latin horripilatio, from Latin horrēre ‘to bristle’ + pilus ‘hair’]

horror /ˈhɒrə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an intense feeling of loathing and fear 讨厌；恐怖 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  intense dislike 厌恶；憎恶b (often foll. by 常后跟 at) colloq.  intense dismay [口]震惊；沮丧 3  a  a person or thing causing horror 引起恐怖的人或物b colloq.  a bad or mischievous person etc. [口]讨厌鬼 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  a fit of horror, depression, or nervousness, esp. as in delirium tremens (尤指震颤性谵妄的)震颤阵发；极度的忧郁 5  a terrified and revolted shuddering 发抖；哆嗦 6 (in pl. 用复数)  an exclamation of dismay (沮丧的惊呼)糟糕！  ●attrib. adj. (of literature, films, etc.) designed to attract by arousing pleasurable feelings of horror (指文学、电影等)意在引起恐怖的 [Middle English via Old French (h)orrour from Latin horror -oris (as HORRID)]

horror-struck adj. (also 亦作 horror-stricken)  horrified, shocked 惊骇的；震惊的

hors concours /ɔ: kɒ˜ˈkʊə, 法 ɔr kɔ˜kur/ adj.  1  unrivalled, unequalled 无敌的；无与伦比的 2 (of an exhibit or exhibitor) not competing for a prize (参展品或参展人)参展但不参加比赛的 [French, literally ‘outside competition’]

hors de combat /ɔ: də ˈkɒ˜bɑ:, 法 ɔr də kɔ˜bɑ/ adj.  out of the fight or the running 丧失战斗力的 [French]

hors d'oeuvre /ɔ: ˈdɜ:v, ɔ: ˈdɜ:vr(ə)/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or hors d'oeuvres pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /ˈdɜ:vz/)  an appetizer served at the beginning of a meal or (occasionally) during a meal 开胃小吃 [French, literally ‘outside the work’]

horse /hɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a solid-hoofed plant-eating quadruped, Equus caballus, with flowing mane and tail, used for riding and to carry and pull loads 马(有蹄四足动物，食草，有平滑的鬃毛和尾巴，用于坐骑和运送物品)b  an adult male horse; a stallion or gelding 成年公马；种马(或骟马)c  any other four-legged mammal of the genus Equus, including asses and zebras 马科动物(包括驴、斑马等)d (collect. 集合名词 ; treated as sing. 看作单数)  cavalry 骑兵e  a representation of a horse 像马的东西 2  = VAULTING HORSE  3  a  a frame or structure on which something is mounted or supported 可骑的东西；有脚的支架b  = SAWHORSE c  = CLOTHES HORSE 1  4 slang  heroin [俚语]海洛因 5 colloq.  a unit of horsepower [口]马力 6 Naut.  any of various ropes and bars 【海】(船上的)绳索铁杆 7 Mining  an obstruction in a vein 【采矿学】夹块，夹石 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 around)  fool about 开玩笑；捉弄 2 tr.  provide (a person or vehicle) with a horse or horses 备马；套马 3 intr.  mount or go on horseback 骑马 □ from the horse's mouth  (of information etc.) from the person directly concerned or another authoritative source (指消息)来源于当事人的；权威的□ horses for courses  Brit.  the matching of tasks and talents [英]合适的人作合适的事□ to horse!  (as a command) mount your horses (命令)上马！□ horseless  adj.  □ horselike  adj.   [Old English hors, from Germanic]

horse-and-buggy attrib. adj. N. Amer.  old-fashioned, bygone [北美]过时的；保守的

horseback /ˈhɔ:sbæk/ n.  the back of a horse, esp. as sat on in riding 马背 □ on horseback   mounted on a horse 骑在马上

horsebean /ˈhɔ:sbi:n/ n.  a broad bean used as fodder 马蚕豆

horse-block n.  a small platform of stone or wood for mounting a horse 脚踏(石制或木制，用于上下马)

horsebox /ˈhɔ:sbɒks/ n. Brit.  a closed vehicle for transporting a horse or horses [英]运马篷车

horse brass  see 见 BRASS n. 5 

horsebreaker /ˈhɔ:sbreikə/ n.  a person who breaks in horses 驯马师

horse chestnut /hɔ:s ˈtʃesnʌt/ n.  1 (also 亦作 horse chestnut tree)  any large ornamental tree of the genus Aesculus, with upright conical clusters of white or pink or red flowers 七叶树(装饰性树，树形高大，开白色、粉色或红色花，圆锥花序，丛生) 2  the smooth dark brown inedible nut of this, enclosed in a spiny fruit (like the edible chestnut) Also called 亦称作 conker 七叶树坚果(不可食用，形状像栗子)

horse-cloth n.  a cloth used to cover a horse, or as part of its trappings 马衣；马披

horse-coper n. Brit.  a horse-dealer [英]马贩子

horse-doctor n.  a veterinary surgeon attending horses 马医；兽医

horse-drawn adj. (of a vehicle) pulled by a horse or horses (指车辆)马拉的

horseflesh /ˈhɔ:sfleʃ/ n.  1  the flesh of a horse, esp. as food (尤指用作食物的)马肉 2  horses collectively (总称)马

horsefly /ˈhɔ:sflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any of various biting dipterous insects of the family Tabanidae troublesome esp. to horses 虻；马蝇

Horse Guards n. pl. (in the UK)  1  a cavalry brigade of the household troops, now an armoured-car regiment providing a mounted squadron for ceremonial purposes (英国)近卫军骑兵旅 2  the headquarters of this brigade in Whitehall 近卫军骑兵旅司令部(位于伦敦白厅街)

horsehair /ˈhɔ:shɛə/ n.  hair from the mane or tail of a horse, used for padding etc. 马鬃毛；马尾毛

horse latitudes n. pl.  a belt of calms in each hemisphere between the trade winds and the westerlies 副热带无风带

horseleech /ˈhɔ:sli:tʃ/ n.  1  a large freshwater leech of the genus Haemopis, feeding by swallowing not sucking 马蛭(一种体态较大的淡水水蛭) 2  an insatiable person (cf. 参见 Prov. 30:15) 贪心的人(《圣经·箴言》 30:15)

horseless /ˈhɔ:slis/ adj.  without a horse 无马的

horseless carriage n. archaic  a motor car [古义]汽车

horse mackerel n.  any large fish of the mackerel type, e.g. the scad or the tunny 马鲭类鱼，细鳞圆鲹(如竹荚鱼或金枪鱼)

horseman /ˈhɔ:smən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a rider on horseback 骑马的人 2  a skilled rider 骑手；马术师

horsemanship /ˈhɔ:smənʃip/ n.  the art of riding on horseback; skill in doing this 骑术；马术

horse mushroom n.  a large edible mushroom, Agaricus arvensis 田野伞菌

horse opera n. N. Amer. slang  a western film [北美] [俚语]西部影片

horse-pistol n.  a pistol for use by a horseman 马枪；骑枪

horseplay /ˈhɔ:splei/ n.  boisterous play 喧闹的嬉戏；胡闹

horse-pond n.  a pond for watering and washing horses, proverbial as a place for ducking obnoxious persons 饮马池；洗马池(旧时把讨厌的人按入池中作为惩罚)

horsepower /ˈhɔ:spaʊə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  an imperial unit of power equal to 550 foot-pounds per second (about 750 watts) (abbr. 缩略 : hp) 马力(英制，相当于每秒 550 英尺－磅，大约 750 瓦) 2  the power of an engine etc. measured in terms of this (发动机的)马力

horse race n.  a race between horses with riders 赛马 □ horse racing  n.  

horseradish /ˈhɔ:srædiʃ/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant, Armoracia rusticana, with long lobed leaves 辣根(辣根属，叶长，有裂片) 2  the pungent root of this scraped or grated as a condiment, often made into a sauce 辣根的肉质根(常用于制作调味品)

horse sense n. colloq.  plain common sense [口]常识

horseshoe /ˈhɔ:sʃu:, -ʃʃ-/ n.  1  an iron shoe for a horse shaped like the outline of the hard part of the hoof 马掌；马蹄铁 2  a thing of this shape; an object shaped like C or U (e.g. a magnet, a table, a Spanish or Islamic arch) 马蹄形的东西； C 形或 U 形的物体(如磁铁、马蹄形桌子、西班牙式或伊斯兰式拱)

horseshoe bat n.  a bat of the Old World family Rhinolophidae, usu. with a horseshoe-shaped ridge on the nose 菊头蝠(一种蝙蝠，通常鼻子上长有菊状鼻梁)

horseshoe crab n.  a large marine arthropod, Xiphosura polyphemus, with a horseshoe-shaped shell and a long tail-spine Also called 亦称作 king crab 鲎(大的海生节肢动物，马蹄形甲壳，剑状尾)

horse's neck n. slang  a drink of flavoured ginger ale usu. with spirits [俚语]“马颈”饮料(通常为姜汁啤酒和酒的混合物)

horse-soldier n.  a soldier mounted on a horse 骑兵

horsetail /ˈhɔ:steil/ n.  1  the tail of a horse (formerly used in Turkey as a standard, or as an ensign denoting the rank of a pasha) 马尾；马尾旗(旧时土耳其曾作为军旗，或作为帕夏官衔标志) 2  any cryptogamous plant of the genus Equisetum, like a horse's tail, with a hollow jointed stem and scalelike leaves 木贼；问荆(隐花植物，似马尾，茎杆中空有缝，叶子为鳞状) 3  = PONYTAIL 

horse-trading n.  1 N. Amer.  dealing in horses [北美]马匹买卖；贩马 2  shrewd bargaining 精明的交易

horsewhip /ˈhɔ:swip/ n. & v. ●n.  a whip for driving horses 马鞭 ●v. tr. (-whipped, -whipping)  beat with a horsewhip 用马鞭鞭打

horsewoman /ˈhɔ:swʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a woman who rides on horseback 骑马的女人 2  a skilled woman rider 女骑手，女骑师

horst /hɔ:st/ n. Geol.  a raised elongated block of land bounded by faults on both sides 【地质】地垒 [German, = heap]

horsy /ˈhɔ:si/ adj. (also 亦作 horsey) (horsier, horsiest)  1  of or like a horse 马的；似马的 2  concerned with or devoted to horses or horse racing 爱马的；爱赛马的 3  affectedly using the dress and language of a groom or jockey 热衷于穿骑士服装的；用骑士语言的 □ horsily  adv.  □ horsiness  n.  

hortatory /ˈhɔ:tət(ə)ri/ adj. (also 亦作 hortative /ˈhɔ:tətiv/)  tending or serving to exhort 劝告的；忠告的 □ hortation  /hɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin hortativus from hortari ‘exhort’]

hortensia /hɔ:ˈtensiə/ n.  a kind of hydrangea, Hydrangea macrophylla, with large rounded infertile flower heads 霍滕西亚(绣球花属植物，花顶大而圆，不结果) [modern Latin, named after Hortense Lepaute, 18th-c. Frenchwoman]

horticulture /ˈhɔ:tikʌltʃə/ n.  the art of garden cultivation 园艺 □ horticultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ horticulturalist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)list/ n.  □ horticulturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [Latin hortus ‘garden’, on the pattern of AGRICULTURE]

hortus siccus /ˌhɔ:təs ˈsikəs/ n.  1  an arranged collection of dried plants 干植物标本集 2 Brit.  a collection of uninteresting facts etc. [英]一堆枯燥乏味的事实 [Latin, = dry garden]

Hos. abbr.  Hosea (Old Testament) [缩略]《何西阿书》(《圣经·旧约》)

hosanna /həʊˈzænə/ n. & int.  a shout of adoration (Matt. 21:9, 15, etc.) 崇敬的呼喊声(《圣经·马太福音》 21:9, 15 等) [Middle English via Late Latin and Greek hōsanna from Hebrew hôšaˈnɑˉ, for hôšîˈa-nnɑˆ ‘save now!’]

hose /həʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flexible tube conveying water for watering plants etc., putting out fires, etc. 软管；水龙带 2  a (collect. 集合名词 treated as pl. 看作复数)  stockings and socks (esp. in trade use) 长筒袜b hist.  breeches [史义]马裤；紧身裤  doublet and hose  男子紧身衣裤 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  water or spray or drench with a hose 用软管淋浇(或喷灌) 2  provide with hose 使穿长筒袜 [Old English from Germanic]

hosepipe /ˈhəʊzpaip/ n. Brit. [英]  = HOSEn. 1 

hosier /ˈhəʊziə/ n.  a dealer in hosiery 袜商；针织品商

hosiery /ˈhəʊziəri, -ʒəri/ n.  1  stockings and socks 袜类 2 Brit.  knitted or woven underwear [英]针织内衣

hospice /ˈhɒspis/ n.  1  a home for people who are ill (esp. terminally) or Brit. destitute (晚期病人)收容所；[英]救济院 2  a lodging for travellers, esp. one kept by a religious order 旅店；(尤指宗教团体办的)旅客招待所 [French, from Latin hospitium (as HOST2)]

hospitable /hɒˈspitəb(ə)l, ˈhɒspit-/ adj.  giving or disposed to give welcome and entertainment to strangers or guests 好客的；招待周到的 □ hospitably  adv.   [French from hospiter from medieval Latin hospitare ‘entertain’ (as HOST2)]

hospital /ˈhɒspit(ə)l/ n.  1  an institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for ill or injured people 医院 2 hist. [史义]  a  a hospice 收容所；救济院b  an establishment of the Knights Hospitallers 慈善骑士团 3 Brit. Law  a charitable institution (also in proper names, e.g. Christ's Hospital) [英]【法律】慈善机构(亦用于专有名称中，如基督慈善学校) [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin hospitale, neut. of Latin hospitalis (adj.) (as HOST2)]

hospital corners n. pl.  a way of tucking in sheets, used by nurses (护士用的)医院床单折角铺叠法

hospitaler US var.  of HOSPITALLER [美] HOSPITALLER 的变体

hospital fever n.  a kind of typhus formerly prevalent in crowded hospitals 医院热；斑疹伤寒

hospitalism /ˈhɒspit(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the adverse effects of a prolonged stay in hospital 长期住院对病人的不利影响

hospitality /hɒspiˈtæliti/ n.  the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests or strangers 好客；盛情 [Middle English via Old French hospitalité from Latin hospitalitas -tatis (as HOSPITAL)]

hospitalize /ˈhɒspit(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  send or admit (a patient) to hospital 送…进医院；准予…入院治疗 □ hospitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

hospitaller /ˈhɒspit(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] hospitaler)  1 (also 亦作 Hospitaller)  a member of a charitable religious order 慈善机构工作人员 2  a chaplain (in some London hospitals) (伦敦一些医院的)驻院牧师 [Middle English via Old French hospitalier from medieval Latin hospitalarius (as HOSPITAL)]

hospital ship n.  a ship to receive sick and wounded sailors, or to take sick and wounded soldiers home 医院船(接受伤病船员或送伤病士兵回家)

hospital social worker n.  a social worker attached to a hospital and seeing to the aftercare of patients 医院的社会服务人员

hospital train n.  a train taking wounded soldiers from a battlefield (运送伤兵的)医院列车

hospital trust n. (in the UK) a National Health Service hospital which has opted to withdraw from local authority control (英国)公立医院

host1 /həʊst/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a large number of people or things 大量，许多 2 archaic  an army [古义]军队 3 (in full 全称 heavenly host)  a  the sun, moon, and stars 日月星辰；天体；天象b Bibl.  the angels 【圣经】天使 □ host (or hosts) of heaven   = sense 3 of n. □ is a host in himself (or herself)  Brit.  can do as much as several ordinary people [英]一个人能顶好几个人 [Middle English via Old French from Latin hostis ‘stranger, enemy’, in medieval Latin ‘army’]

host2 /həʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who receives or entertains another as a guest 主人，东道主 2  the landlord of an inn 客栈的老板  mine host  我住的旅店的老板 3 Biol.  an animal or plant having a parasite or commensal 【生】寄主，宿主 4  an animal or person that has received a transplanted organ etc. 受体，受移植者 5  the compère of a show, esp. of a television or radio programme (尤指电视或广播的)节目主持人 ●v. tr.  act as host to (a person) or at (an event) 做东道主；做主持人 [Middle English via Old French oste from Latin hospes -pitis ‘host, guest’]

host3 /həʊst/ n.  the bread consecrated in the Eucharist 圣饼(圣餐中食用的面包) [Middle English via Old French (h)oiste from Latin hostia ‘victim’]

hosta /ˈhɒstə/ n.  any perennial garden plant of the genus Hosta (formerly Funkia) with green or variegated ornamental leaves and loose clusters of tubular mauve or white flowers 玉簪属植物(多年生园艺植物，有绿色或杂色观赏性叶子，管状紫红色或白色花丛) [modern Latin, named after N. T. Host, Austrian physician d. 1834]

hostage /ˈhɒstidʒ/ n.  1  a person seized or held as security for the fulfilment of a condition 人质 2  a pledge or security 抵押；抵押品 □ hostageship  n.   [Middle English from Old French (h)ostage, ultimately via Late Latin obsidatus ‘hostageship’ from Latin obses obsidis ‘hostage’]

hostage to fortune n.  an acquisition, commitment, etc., regarded as endangered by unforeseen circumstances 随时可能失去的人(或物)

hostel /ˈhɒst(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a house of residence or lodging for students, nurses, etc. [英]学生或护士等的宿舍 2  = YOUTH HOSTEL  3 archaic  an inn [古义]客栈 [Middle English via Old French (h)ostel from medieval Latin (as HOSPITAL)]

hostelling /ˈhɒst(ə)liŋ/ n. (US [美] hosteling)  the practice of staying in youth hostels, esp. while travelling (尤指旅行时)在青年招待所投宿 □ hosteller  n.  

hostelry /ˈhɒst(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic or literary  an inn [古义] [文学用语]客栈；旅店 [Middle English from Old French (h)ostelerie, from (h)ostelier ‘innkeeper’ (as HOSTEL)]

hostess /ˈhəʊstis, -es, həʊˈstes/ n.  1  a woman who receives or entertains a guest 女主人；女东道主 2  a woman employed to welcome and entertain customers at a nightclub etc. 女招待 3  a stewardess on an aircraft, train, etc. 女服务员  air hostess  空姐；女乘务员 [Middle English from Old French (h)ostesse (as HOST2)]

hostile /ˈhɒstail/ adj.  1  of an enemy 敌方的；敌对的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfriendly, opposed 不友善的；不利的；怀有敌意的 □ hostilely  adv.   [French hostile or Latin hostilis (as HOST1)]

hostile witness n. Law  a witness who appears hostile to the party calling him or her and therefore untrustworthy 【法律】敌意证人(对请求作证的一方有敌意，故不可信)

hostility /hɒˈstiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  being hostile, enmity 敌意；敌对；对抗 2  a state of warfare 战争状态 3 (in pl. 用复数)  acts of warfare 战争；战斗 4  opposition (in thought etc.) (指思想)反对；抵制 [French hostilité or Late Latin hostilitas (as HOSTILE)]

hostler /ˈ (h)ɒslə/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  = OSTLER  2 US  a person in charge of vehicles or machines, esp. railway engines, when they are not in use [美]车辆维修工 [Middle English from hosteler (as OSTLER)]

hot /hɒt/ adj., v. & adv. ●adj. (hotter, hottest)  1  a  having a relatively or noticeably high temperature 热的b (of food or drink) prepared by heating and served without cooling (食物或饮料)加热的；烫的 2  producing the sensation of heat 发热的  hot fever  高烧 hot flush  满脸红晕 3 (of pepper, spices, etc.) pungent (指胡椒、调料等)辣的；辛辣的 4 (of a person) feeling heat (指人)感到热的 5  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for, on)  eager, keen 热情的；热切的  in hot pursuit  紧紧跟随b (foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  strict with [口]紧跟的；紧随的c (foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  knowledgeable about [口]有某方面的才能或知识 6  a  ardent, passionate, excited 热情的；热烈的；激动的b  angry or upset 愤怒的；焦虑的c  lustful 好色的；淫荡的d  exciting 兴奋的 7  a (of news etc.) fresh, recent (指消息等)刚刚到达的；最新的b Brit. colloq. (of Treasury bills) newly issued [英口] (财政债券)刚发行的 8 Hunting (of the scent) fresh and strong, indicating that the quarry has passed recently 【狩猎】(兽的体臭)强烈的；新鲜的 9  a (of a player) very skilful (指运动员)技艺高强的b (of a competitor in a race or other sporting event) strongly fancied to win (指比赛中的选手)很可能赢的  a hot favourite  获胜希望大的选手c (of a hit, return, etc., in ball games) difficult for an opponent to deal with (球赛中的击球或回球)令对手难以应付的 10 (of music, esp. jazz) strongly rhythmical and emotional (音乐，尤指爵士乐)节奏急促强烈的 11 slang [俚语]  a (of goods) stolen, esp. easily identifiable and hence difficult to dispose of (指物品)偷来的(尤指易于识别因而难于销赃的)b (of a person) wanted by the police (指人)被警方通缉的 12 slang  radioactive [俚语]放射性的 13 colloq. (of information) unusually reliable [口] (指消息)非常可靠的  hot tip  可靠消息 ●v. tr. & intr. (hotted, hotting) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  make or become hot 使热；加热；变热 2  make or become active, lively, exciting, or dangerous 使(变得)激动；使(变得)活跃；使(变得)危险 ●adv.  1 Brit.  angrily, severely [英]愤怒地；严厉地  give it him hot  狠狠责骂他；狠狠打他 2  eagerly 迫切地；热切地 □ go hot and cold   feel alternately hot and cold owing to fear etc. (由于害怕等)感到一会儿冷一会儿热□ have the hots for  slang  be sexually attracted to [俚语]被…吸引(尤指性方面)□ hot under the collar   angry, resentful, or embarrassed 愤怒的；窘迫的□ sell (or go) like hot cakes   see 见 CAKE □ make it (or things) hot for a person   persecute a person 刁难人；迫害□ not so hot  colloq.  only mediocre [口]平常的；平庸的□ hotly  adv.  □ hotness  n.  □ hottish  adj.   [Old English hɑˉt, from Germanic]

hot air n. colloq.  empty, boastful, or excited talk [口]空话；夸夸其谈

hot-air balloon n.  a balloon (see 见 BALLOON n. 2) consisting of a bag in which air is heated by burners located below it, causing it to rise 热气球飞行器

hotbed /ˈhɒtbed/ n.  1  a bed of earth heated by fermenting manure, for raising or forcing plants 温床(用于培育植物) 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an environment promoting the growth of something, esp. something unwelcome 温床(有利于事物，尤指不受欢迎的事物滋长发展的环境)  hotbed of vice  罪恶的温床

hot blast n.  a blast of heated air forced into a furnace 热鼓风

hot-blooded adj.  ardent, passionate 情感强烈的；热情的

hot cathode n.  a cathode heated to emit electrons 热阴极

hotchpotch /ˈhɒtʃpɒtʃ/ n. (also 亦作 (esp. in sense 3 尤用于释义 3) hotchpot /-pɒt/)  1  a confused mixture, a jumble 大杂烩 2  a dish of many mixed ingredients, esp. a mutton broth or stew with vegetables 烩菜 3 Law  the reunion and blending of properties for the purpose of securing equal division (esp. of the property of an intestate parent) 【法律】财产合并(尤指将未立遗嘱的家长的财产合并以便平均分配) [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French hochepot, from Old French hocher ‘shake’ + POT1: -potch by assimilation]

hot cross bun n.  a bun marked with a cross, traditionally eaten on Good Friday 十字面包(耶稣受难节时吃的上有十字图案的面包)

hot-desking n.  the practice of sharing workspaces or moving from desk to desk according to need 共用工作间，流动办公桌

hot dog n., int. & v. ●n.  1  a hot sausage sandwiched in a soft roll 热狗 2 N. Amer. slang  a person who performs stunts, esp. when skiing or surfing [北美] [俚语] (尤指滑雪或冲浪时)技艺高强的人；好卖弄技巧的人 ●int. N. Amer. slang  expressing approval [北美] [俚语]太棒了(表示称赞) ●v. intr. (作 hotdog) (hotdogged, hotdogging) N. Amer. slang  perform stunts [北美] [俚语]表演技艺；卖弄技艺 □ hotdogger  n.  

hotel /həʊˈtel, əʊ-/ n.  1  an establishment providing accommodation and meals for payment 饭店；旅馆 2 Austral. & NZ  a public house [澳新]小酒店 [French hôtel, later form of HOSTEL]

hotelier /həʊˈteliei, -iə/ n.  a hotel-keeper 旅馆老板 [French hôtelier from Old French hostelier: see HOSTELRY]

hot flash n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = HOT FLUSH 

hot flush  see 见 FLUSH1 n. 6a 

hotfoot /ˈhɒtfʊt, hɒtˈfʊt/ adv., v. & adj. ●adv.  in eager haste 匆忙地；火急地 ●v. tr.  hurry eagerly (esp. 尤用于 hotfoot it 匆匆地走，急急赶路) 急急忙忙地走 ●adj.  acting quickly 急速的

hot gospeller n.  a zealous puritan; a rabid propagandist 狂热的清教徒；狂热的宣传者

hothead /ˈhɒthed/ n.  an impetuous person 易冲动的人；暴躁的人

hot-headed adj.  impetuous, excitable 好冲动的；易激动的 □ hot-headedly  adv.  □ hot-headedness  n.  

hothouse /ˈhɒthaʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heated building, usu. largely of glass, for rearing plants out of season or in a climate colder than is natural for them 温室；暖房 often 常作 attrib.: hothouse flowers  温室的花朵 2  an environment that encourages the rapid growth or development of something 有利于生长或发展的环境 ●v. tr.  raise in or as if in a hothouse; force the development of (在温室中)培育；(用人工方法)加速生长

hotline /ˈhɒtlain/ n.  a direct exclusive line of communication, esp. for emergencies 热线(尤指紧急情况时直通的通讯线路)

hot metal n. Printing  using type made from molten metal 【印刷】热排版，铸排版

hot money n.  capital transferred at frequent intervals 游资，短期流动资金

hot pants n. pl.  very brief shorts, usu. with a bib, worn as a fashion garment 超短裤

hotplate /ˈhɒtpleit/ n.  a heated metal plate etc. (or a set of these) for cooking food or keeping it hot (供烧煮或保温的)加热板，加热盘

hotpot /ˈhɒtpɒt/ n. Brit.  a casserole of meat and vegetables, usu. with a layer of potato on top [英]罐焖土豆烧肉

hot potato n. colloq.  a controversial or awkward matter or situation [口]棘手的事；困境

hot-press n. & v. ●n.  a press of glazed boards and hot metal plates for smoothing paper or cloth or making plywood 热压 ●v. tr.  press (paper etc.) in this 热压(纸张等)

hot rod n. & v. ●n.  a motor vehicle modified to have extra power and speed 经改装增加了马力和速度的汽车 ●v. (作 hot-rod) (-rodded, -rodding)  1 tr.  soup up (a vehicle, amplifier, etc.) (车辆、扩音器等)增加马力 2 intr.  drive a hot rod 驾驶经改装的汽车 □ hot-rodder  n.  

hot seat n. slang [俚语]  1  a position of difficult responsibility 困境 2  the electric chair 电椅

hot shoe n. Photog.  a socket on a camera with electrical contacts for a flashgun etc. 【摄】(照相机上的)直接接触式闪光灯插座

hot-short adj. (of metal) brittle in its hot state (指金属)热脆的 [HOT + short suggested by the earlier red-short from Swedish rōdskōr, from rōd ‘red’ + skōr ‘brittle’]

hotshot /ˈhɒtʃɒt/ n. & adj. esp. US colloq. [尤美口] ●n.  1  an important or exceptionally able person 高手；能人 2 Sport  a player of football, basketball, etc. with exceptionally good aim 【运动】(足球、篮球等运动员中)射门好手；投球好手 ●attrib. adj.  important, able, expert, suddenly prominent 重要的；内行的；突然走红的

hot spot n.  1  a small region that is relatively hot 热点地区 2  a lively or dangerous place 热闹的场所；事故多发区

hot spring n.  a spring of naturally hot water 温泉

hotspur /ˈhɒtspɜ:, -spə/ n.  a rash person 性急的人；暴躁的人 [sobriquet of Sir H. Percy, d. 1403]

hot stuff n. colloq. [口]  1  a formidably capable person 有能力的人 2  an important person or thing 大人物；重要的事物 3  a sexually attractive person 性感的人 4  a spirited, strong-willed, or passionate person 英勇的人；意志坚强的人；热情的人 5  a book, film, etc. with a strongly erotic content 黄色书刊(或电影等)

hot-tempered adj.  impulsively angry 暴躁的；易怒的

Hottentot /ˈhɒt(ə)ntɒt/ n. & adj. often offens. [常冒犯] ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Hottentots)  = NAMAn. 1, 2  ●adj.  = NAMAadj.  [Dutch, probably originally a repetitive formula in a Nama dancing-song, transferred by Dutch sailors to the people themselves]■Usage 用法说明 Nama is now the preferred name for this people and their language. 这个民族及其语言现在更倾向于用 Nama 。 

hottie /ˈhɒti/ n. (also 亦作 hotty) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a hot-water bottle [英口]汤壶；热水袋

hotting /ˈhɒtiŋ/ n. slang  the practice of driving recklessly in a stolen car [俚语]疯狂驾驶偷来的车 □ hotter  n.  

hot tub n.  a large tub filled with hot aerated water and used by one or several people for recreation or physical therapy 热水浴盆(供多人使用，用于消遣或治疗)

hot war n.  an open war, with active hostilities 热战

hot water n. colloq.  difficulty, trouble, or disgrace [口]困境；麻烦；耻辱  be in hot water  处境困难 get into hot water  陷于困境

hot-water bottle n. (US [美] hot-water bag)  a container, usu. made of rubber, filled with hot water, esp. to warm a bed 热水袋(通常用橡胶制成，用于暖被窝)

hot well n.  1  = HOT SPRING  2  a reservoir in a condensing steam engine 热水井

hot-wire adj. & v. ●attrib. adj.  operated by the expansion of heated wire 热线式的 ●v. tr. esp. N. Amer. slang  start the engine of (a car etc.) by bypassing the ignition system [尤北美] [俚语] (使点火装置电线短路而不用钥匙)发动汽车

Houdini /hu:ˈdi:ni/ n.  1  an ingenious escape 机智的脱身 2  a person skilled at escaping 善于脱身的人 [H. Houdini, professional name of E. Weiss, American escapologist d. 1926]

hough /hɒk/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  = HOCK1  2  a cut of beef etc. from this and the leg above it 牛腱肉 ●v. tr.  hamstring 割断…的腿筋使残废 [Middle English ho(u)gh = Old English hōh ‘heel’ in hōhsinu ‘hamstring’]

hoummos var.  of HUMMUS  HUMMUS 的变体

hound /haʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a dog used for hunting, esp. one able to track by scent (尤指能通过气味追猎的)猎犬b (作 the hounds) Brit.  a pack of foxhounds [英]猎狐狗 2 colloq.  a despicable man [口]卑鄙的人 3  a runner who follows a trail in hare and hounds (在猎兔游戏中)扮猎狗的人 4  a person keen in pursuit of something 有瘾的人；迷于某事的人 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : news-hound  追逐新闻的人 ●v. tr.  1  harass or pursue relentlessly 烦扰；紧追 2  chase or pursue with a hound 带猎狗追赶 3 (foll. by 后跟 at)  set (a dog or person) on (a quarry) (使人或狗)追逐(目标、猎物) 4  urge on or nag (a person) 催促；抱怨，指责 □ ride to hounds   go fox-hunting on horseback 骑马猎狐 [Old English hund, from Germanic]

hound's-tongue n.  a tall plant, Cynoglossum officinale, with tongue-shaped leaves 倒提壶属植物(一种高大的植物，有舌状的叶子)

houndstooth /ˈhaʊn(d)ztu:θ/ n.  a check pattern with notched corners suggestive of a canine tooth 犬牙织纹

hour /ˈaʊə/ n.  1  a twenty-fourth part of a day and night, 60 minutes 小时 (1 个小时等于 60 分钟) 2  a time of day, a point in time 时间；时刻  a late hour  晚些时候 what is the hour?  几点了？ 3 (in pl. with preceding numerals in form 18.00, 20.30, etc. 用复数，前接 18.00, 20.30 等数字)  this number of hours and minutes past midnight on the 24-hour clock 钟点  will assemble at 20.00 hours  晚上 8 点集合 4  a  a period set aside for some purpose 用于某一用途的时间  lunch hour  午饭时间 keep regular hours  保持作息时间正常b (in pl. 用复数)  a fixed period of time for work, use of a building, etc. 工作时间  office hours  办公时间 opening hours  营业时间 5  a short indefinite period of time 一段(不确定的)时间  an idle hour  无聊时刻 6  the present time 现在，目前  question of the hour  目前的问题 7  a time for action etc. (行动等的)时候  the hour has come  是时候了 8  the distance travelled in one hour 1 小时的行程  we are an hour from London  我们离伦敦还有 1 小时的路程 9 RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  prayers to be said at one of seven fixed times of day (一天中 7 个固定时间所做的)祈祷，祷告  book of hours  祈祷书b  any of these times 祈祷时间 10 (prec. by 前接 the)  each time o'clock of a whole number of hours 整点  buses leave on the hour  汽车整点开出 on the half-hour  在半点 at quarter past the hour  整点过一刻 11 Astron. 15° of longitude or right ascension 【天】赤经 15 度 □ after hours   after closing time 下班以后，关门以后□ till all hours   till very late 到很晚 [Middle English ure etc. via Anglo-French ure, Old French ore, eure and Latin hora from Greek hōra ‘season, hour’]

hourglass /ˈaʊəɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a reversible device with two connected glass bulbs containing sand that takes an hour to pass from the upper to the lower bulb 沙漏(用于记时) 2 (作 attrib.)  shaped like an hourglass 沙漏形状的；中间窄的  hourglass figure  细腰的体形

hour hand n.  the hand on a clock or watch which shows the hour (钟表的)时针

houri /ˈhʊəri/ n. (pl. houris)  a beautiful young woman, esp. in the Muslim Paradise 天国美女(尤指伊斯兰教中天国里的年轻美女) [French via Persian hūrī from Arabic hūr, pl. of hawraˈ ‘gazelle-like’ (of the eyes)]

hour-long adj. & adv. ●adj.  lasting for one hour 持续一小时的 ●adv.  for one hour 持续一小时地

hourly /ˈaʊəli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  done or occurring every hour 每小时 1 次的，每小时的 2  frequent, continual 频繁的；不断的 3  reckoned hour by hour 以小时计算的  hourly wage  按小时计酬 ●adv.  1  every hour 每小时 1 次 2  frequently, continually 频繁地；不断地

house n. & v. ●n. /haʊs/ (pl. /ˈhaʊziz/)  1  a  a building for human habitation 房屋；住宅b (作 attrib.) (of an animal) kept in, frequenting, or infesting houses (指动物)家养的；家中滋生的  house cat  家猫 housefly  家蝇 2  a building for a special purpose 特定用途的建筑物  opera house  歌剧院 summer house  避暑别墅 3  a building for keeping animals or goods 牲畜棚；储物间  hen house  鸡舍 4  a  a religious community 宗教团体b  the buildings occupied by it 宗教会所 5 Brit. [英]  a  a body of pupils living in the same building at a boarding school (同住一楼的学校)寄宿生b  such a building 寄宿生宿舍c  a division of a day school for games, competitions, etc. (全日制学校学生为竞赛、比赛而分的)组 6 Brit. [英]  a  a college of a university 综合大学中的学院b (作 the House)  Christ Church, Oxford 牛津大学的基督教学院 7 (usu. 通常作 House)  a family, esp. a royal family; a dynasty 家族(尤指皇族)；王朝  House of York  约克王朝 8  a  a firm or institution 公司；机构b Brit.  its place of business [英]公司所在地；机构所在地c (作 the House) Brit. colloq.  the Stock Exchange [英口]证券交易所 9  a  a legislative or deliberative assembly 立法会；协商会b  the building where it meets (立法会或协商会)大楼c (作 the House) (in the UK) the House of Commons or Lords; (in the US) the House of Representatives (英国)上议院或下议院；(美国)众议院 10  a  an audience in a theatre, cinema, etc. (剧院、电影院等的)观众b Brit.  a performance in a theatre or cinema [英]演出场次  second house starts at 9 o'clock  第二场 9 点开始c  a theatre 剧场 11 Astrol.  a twelfth part of the heavens 【占】黄道宫(十二宫之一) 12 (作 attrib.)  living in a hospital as a member of staff 住院的(医生)  house officer  住院医生 house surgeon  住院外科医生 13  a  a place of public refreshment, a restaurant or inn 小吃店；小酒馆；旅店  coffee house  咖啡屋 public house  酒馆b (作 attrib.) (of wine) selected by the management of a restaurant, hotel, etc. to be offered at a special price (指葡萄酒)特选的；特价的 14  a brothel 妓院 15 Sc.  a dwelling that is one of several in a building [苏格兰]房间 16 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  = HOUSEY-HOUSEY  17  an animal's den, shell, etc. 动物的洞穴(壳等) 18 (in full 全称 house music)  a style of popular dance music typically using drum machines, synthesized bass lines, sparse repetitive vocals, and a fast beat. 浩室舞曲(快节奏的流行舞曲，用电子鼓，有低音和声和少量的声乐伴唱) 19 (作 the House) Brit. hist. euphem.  the workhouse [英史义] [婉]贫民习艺所 ●v. tr. /haʊz/  1  provide (a person, a population, etc.) with a house or houses or other accommodation 提供住处；收容 2  store (goods etc.) 储藏(物品等) 3  enclose or encase (a part or fitting) 覆盖；把…装箱 4  fix in a socket, mortise, etc. 安装；嵌入 □ as safe as houses  Brit.  thoroughly or completely safe [英]十分安全的；绝对安全的□ keep house   provide for or manage a household 持家；管理家务□ keep (or make) a House   secure the presence of enough members for a quorum in the House of Commons 使(下议院)达到法定人数□ keep to the house (or keep the house)   stay indoors 呆在家中；不出门□ like a house on fire   1  vigorously, fast 猛烈地；迅速地 2  successfully, excellently 成功地；极好地□ on the house   at the management's expense, free 由店家出钱的；免费的□ play house   play at being a family in its home 玩过家家游戏□ put (or set) one's house in order   make necessary reforms 进行必要的改革□ set up house   begin to live in a separate dwelling 分开另过，组织自己的家庭□ houseful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ houseless  adj.   [Old English hūs, hūsian, from Germanic]

house agent n. Brit.  an agent for the sale and letting of houses [英]房屋经纪人

house and home n. (as an emphatic) home 家庭(作为强调)

house arrest n.  detention in one's own house etc., not in prison (在家中)软禁

houseboat /ˈhaʊsbəʊt/ n.  a boat fitted up for living in 居住船；水上住宅

housebound /ˈhaʊsbaʊnd/ adj.  unable to leave one's house through illness etc. (因病等)出不了门的；闭门不出的

houseboy /ˈhaʊsbɔi/ n.  a boy or man as a servant in a house 男仆

housebreaker /ˈhaʊsbreikə/ n.  1  a person guilty of housebreaking 破门入室者，盗贼 2 Brit.  a person who is employed to demolish houses [英]拆旧屋者

housebreaking /ˈhaʊsbreikiŋ/ n.  the act of breaking into a building, esp. in daytime, to commit a crime (in 1968 replaced as a statutory crime in English law by BURGLARY) (尤指白天)破门入室；偷盗 (1968 年英国法律用 BURGLARY 取代作为法定罪行)

house-broken adj.  = house-trained (see 见 HOUSE-TRAIN) 

housebuilding /ˈhaʊsbildiŋ/ n.  the activity of building houses 建房 □ housebuilder  n.  

housebuyer /ˈhaʊsbaiə/ n.  a person who buys a house 买房人 □ house-buying  n. & adj.  

housecarl /ˈhaʊskɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 housecarle) hist.  a member of the bodyguard of a Danish or English king or noble [史义] (丹麦或英国国王或贵族的)侍卫 [Old English húscarl from Old Norse húskarl, from hús HOUSE + karl ‘man’: cf. CARL]

house church n. Brit. [英]  1  a charismatic Church independent of traditional denominations 家庭教会(一个有神授超凡能力的教派，独立于传统的教派) 2  a group meeting in a house as part of the activities of a Church 家庭教会集会

housecoat /ˈhaʊskəʊt/ n.  a woman's garment for informal wear in the house, usu. a long dresslike coat 女式家常长袍；家常女便服

housecraft /ˈhaʊskrɑ:ft/ n. Brit.  skill in household management [英]管家的技能

house dog n.  a dog kept to guard a house 看家狗，守门犬

house-father n.  a man in charge of a house, esp. of a home for children 男家长；男舍监；(尤指孤儿院的)男管理员

house finch n.  a red-breasted finch, Carpodacus mexicanus, common in western N. America 红胸雀(常见于北美西部)

house-flag n.  a flag indicating to what firm a ship belongs (商船的)公司旗

housefly /ˈhaʊsflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any fly of the family Muscidae, esp. Musca domestica, breeding in decaying organic matter and often entering houses 家蝇(尤指苍蝇，以腐败物为食，常入室)

house guest n.  a guest staying for some days in a private house 在家暂住的客人

household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n.  1  the occupants of a house regarded as a unit 一家人 2  a house and its affairs 家庭，家事 3 (prec. by 前接 the) (in the UK) the royal household (英国)皇室，王室

householder /ˈhaʊshəʊldə/ n.  1  a person who owns or rents a house 房主，住户 2  the head of a household 户主，家长

household gods n. pl.  1  gods presiding over a household, esp. Rom. Hist. the lares and penates 家神；[尤罗马]【史】家庭守护神 2  the essentials of home life 家庭中重要的人

household troops n. pl. (in the UK) troops nominally employed to guard the sovereign (英国)王室禁卫军

household word n. (also 亦作 household name)  1  a familiar name or saying 家喻户晓的名称(或说法) 2  a familiar person or thing 熟悉的人(或事)

house-hunting n.  the process of seeking a house to live in 找房 □ house-hunt  v. intr.  □ house-hunter  n.  

house-husband n.  a husband who carries out the household duties traditionally carried out by a housewife 操持家务的丈夫，家庭妇男

housekeep /ˈhaʊski:p/ v. intr. (past and past part. -kept) colloq.  keep house [口]主持家事；管理家务

housekeeper /ˈhaʊski:pə/ n.  1  a person, esp. a woman, employed to manage a household (女)管家 2  a person in charge of a house, office, etc. (房屋、办公室等的)管理员

housekeeping /ˈhaʊski:piŋ/ n.  1  the management of household affairs 家务料理，家政管理 2  money allowed for this 家务开支 3  the operations of a computer, or of an organization etc., which make work possible but do not directly constitute its performance, e.g. maintenance and record-keeping 内务处理

houseleek /ˈhaʊsli:k/ n.  a succulent plant, Sempervivum tectorum, with pink flowers, growing on walls and roofs 石莲花(多汁植物，开粉色花，长于墙上或屋顶)

house lights n. pl.  the lights in the auditorium of a theatre (剧院中观众席的)照明灯

house magazine n.  a magazine published by a firm and dealing mainly with its own activities (公司的)内部刊物

housemaid /ˈhaʊsmeid/ n.  a female servant in a house, esp. Brit. in charge of reception rooms and bedrooms [尤英] (指主要负责客厅和卧室的)女仆，女佣

housemaid's knee n.  inflammation of the kneecap, often due to excessive kneeling (因长期跪着干活而得的)膑前囊炎

houseman /ˈhaʊsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a resident doctor at a hospital etc. [英]住院见习医生 2  = HOUSEBOY 

house martin n.  a black and white swallow-like bird, Delichon urbica, which builds a mud nest on house walls etc. 毛脚燕(黑白色燕状鸟，在房屋墙等上筑巢)

housemaster /ˈhaʊsmɑ:stə/ n. (fem. housemistress /ˈhaʊsˌmistris/)  the teacher in charge of a house at a boarding school (住宿学校的)舍监

house-mother n.  a woman in charge of a house, esp. of a home for children 女舍监，(尤指孤儿院的)女管理员

house mouse n.  a usu. grey mouse, Mus musculus, very common as a scavenger around human dwellings, and bred as a pet and experimental animal 家鼠(通常为灰色老鼠，人类住宅周围常见的食腐动物，作为宠物和实验动物饲养)

house music  see 见 HOUSE n. 18 

house of cards n.  1  an insecure scheme etc. 不可靠的计划(规划、体制等) 2  a structure built (usu. by a child) out of playing cards (通常由孩子)用纸牌搭成的房子

House of Commons n. (in the UK) the elected chamber of Parliament (英国)下议院

house officer n.  a hospital doctor of one of the more junior grades 级别比较低的医生

house of God n.  a church, a place of worship 教堂

house of ill fame n. archaic  a brothel [古义]妓院

House of Keys n. (in the Isle of Man) the elected chamber of Tynwald (马恩岛立法议会中的)下议院

House of Lords n.  1 (in the UK) the chamber of Parliament composed of peers and bishops (英国)上议院，贵族院 2  a committee of specially qualified members of this appointed as the ultimate judicial appeal court 最高上诉法院委员会

House of Representatives n.  the lower house of the US Congress and other legislatures (美国)众议院

house-parent n.  a house-mother or house-father 舍监

house party n.  1 Brit.  a group of guests staying at a country house etc. [英]在乡间别墅暂住的客人 2  a party at which the guests stay at a house overnight 留客人过夜的聚会

house plant n.  a plant grown indoors 室内盆栽植物

house-proud adj.  attentive to, or unduly preoccupied with, the care and appearance of the home 热衷于家务管理的，热衷于美化家庭的

houseroom /ˈhaʊsru:m, -rʊm/ n.  space or accommodation in one's house 家中的空间，能住人的地方 □ not give houseroom to  Brit.  not have in any circumstances [英]决不要，决不存留

house-sit v. intr.  live in and look after a house while its owner is away 代为照看房屋 □ housesitter  n.  

Houses of Parliament n. pl.  1  the Houses of Lords and Commons regarded together 议会(包括上、下议院) 2  the buildings where they meet 议会大厦

house sparrow n.  a common brown and grey sparrow, Passer domesticus, which nests in the eaves and roofs of houses 家雀(一种普通的棕灰色麻雀，筑巢于房屋的屋檐或屋顶上)

house style n.  a particular printer's or publisher's etc. preferred way of presentation (印刷厂或出版社等的)印刷风格

house-to-house adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  performed at or carried to each house in turn 挨家的，逐户的 ●n.  a house-to-house collection, search, etc. 逐户收集；逐户搜查

housetop /ˈhaʊstɒp/ n.  the roof of a house 屋顶，房顶 □ proclaim (or shout etc.) from the housetops   announce publicly 公开宣布

house-train v. tr. (often as 常作 house-trained adj.) Brit.  1  train (an animal) to be clean in the house [英]训练(家养动物)保持卫生习惯 2 colloq.  teach good manners or tidiness to [口]管教；使有礼貌；使讲卫生

house-warming n.  a party celebrating a move to a new home 欢庆乔迁的宴会

housewife /ˈhaʊswaif/ n. (pl. -wives)  1  a woman (usu. married) managing a household (通常已婚的)家庭主妇 2 /ˈhʌzif/ Brit.  a case for needles, thread, etc. [英]针线盒 □ housewifely  adj.   [Middle English hus(e)wif, from HOUSE + WIFE]

housewifery /ˈhaʊswifri/ n.  1  housekeeping 家务管理 2  skill in this, housecraft 家务管理技巧；家政学

housework /ˈhaʊswɜ:k/ n.  regular work done in housekeeping, e.g. cleaning and cooking 家务劳动；家务事(如清洁和烹饪)

housey-housey /haʊsiˈhaʊsi, həʊziˈhəʊzi/ n. (also 亦作 housie-housie) Brit.  a gambling form of lotto [英]“回家”游戏(一种赌博游戏)

housing1 /haʊziŋ/ n.  1  a  dwelling houses collectively (总称)住房b  the provision of these 房屋 2  shelter, lodging 住宿处；居留处 3  a rigid casing, esp. for moving or sensitive parts of a machine 外壳；外罩 4  the hole or niche cut in one piece of wood to receive some part of another in order to join them 榫眼，槽口

housing2 /haʊziŋ/ n.  a cloth covering put on a horse for protection or ornament 马衣；马饰 [Middle English = covering, from obsolete house via Old French houce from medieval Latin hultia, from Germanic]

housing estate n. Brit.  a residential area planned as a unit [英] (作为一个整体规划的)住宅区

Houston /ˈhju:stən/ n.  休斯顿 [美国港市]

houting /ˈhaʊtiŋ/ n.  a freshwater whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, of northern Eurasia 尖吻白鲑(一种淡水鲑，生于欧亚大陆北部) [Dutch houtic]

hove past  of HEAVE  

hovel /ˈhɒv(ə)l/ n.  1  a small miserable dwelling 简陋的小屋 2  a conical building enclosing a kiln 窑的锥形外壳 3  an open shed or outhouse 棚，附属建筑，外屋 [Middle English: origin unknown]

hover /ˈhɒvə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (of a bird, helicopter, etc.) remain in one place in the air (指鸟、直升机等)盘旋；悬停 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, round)  wait close at hand, linger 守候在附近；逗留 3  remain undecided 犹豫不定；彷徨 ●n.  1  hovering 盘旋；悬浮 2  a state of suspense 犹豫；彷徨 □ hoverer  n.   [Middle English from obsolete hove ‘hover, linger’, of unknown origin]

hovercraft /ˈhɒvəkrɑ:ft/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a vehicle or craft that travels over land or water on a cushion of air provided by a downward blast 气垫船

hoverfly /ˈhɒvəflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any fly of the family Syrphidae, hovering with rapidly beating wings 食蚜蝇(盘旋时翅膀快速抖动)

hoverport /ˈhɒvəpɔ:t/ n.  a terminal for hovercraft 气垫船港

hovertrain /ˈhɒvətrein/ n.  a train that travels on a cushion of air like a hovercraft 气垫火车

how1 /haʊ/ adv., conj. & n. ●interrog. adv.  1  by what means, in what way 怎样，怎么，如何(指方式、方法)  how do you do it?  这件事你怎么做？ tell me how you do it  告诉我你怎么做这件事 how could you behave so disgracefully?  你怎么能这么无礼？ but how to bridge the gap?  但是如何消除隔阂？ 2  in what condition, esp. of health (尤指健康)情况如何  how is the patient?  病人现在情况如何？ how do things stand?  情况进展如何？ 3  a  to what extent 到怎样的程度；多么  how far is it?  它有多远？ how would you like to take my place?  你愿不愿意替代我？ how we laughed!  我们笑得多么开心！b  to what extent good or well, what ...like 怎样；如何  how was the film?  电影好看吗？ how did they play?  他们表演得怎样？ ●rel. adv.  in whatever way, as 无论如何  do it how you can  你能怎么做就怎么做吧 ●conj. colloq.  that [口]用作连词，与 that 同义  told us how he'd been in India  告诉我们他曾经去过印度 ●n.  the way a thing is done 方式，方法  the how and why of it  做此事的方法和原因 □ and how!  colloq.  very much so (chiefly used ironically or intensively) [口] (主要用于讥讽或强调)当然了！那还用说！□ here's how!   I drink to your good health 祝你身体健康！□ how about   1  would you like 你认为如何  how about a game of chess?  下一盘棋如何？ 2  what is to be done about 该怎么办 3  what is the news about 有什么消息□ how are you?   1  what is your state of health? 你身体如何？ 2  = how do you do? □ how come?   see 见 COME □ how do?   an informal greeting on being introduced to a stranger (非正式问候，用于被介绍见面时)你好□ how do you do?   a formal greeting (正式问候)你好！□ how many   what number 多少(数)□ how much   1  what amount 多少(量)  how much do I owe you?  我欠你多少？ did not know how much to take  不知道拿多少 2  what price 什么价格  how much is it?  这个多少钱？ 3 (as 作 interrog.) Brit. joc.  what? [英诙]什么？  ‘She is a hedonist.’ ‘A how much?’  “她是一个享乐主义者。”“什么？”□ how now?  archaic  what is the meaning of this? [古义]什么意思？怎么回事？□ how so?   how can you show that that is so? 怎么会这样？为何如此？□ how's that?   1  what is your opinion or explanation of that? 你的意见如何？你怎样解释？ 2 Cricket (said to an umpire) is the batsman out or not? 【板球】(问板球裁判)那个击球手出局没有？ [Old English hū, from West Germanic]

how2 /haʊ/ int.  a greeting attributed to N. American Indians 好哇！(源于北美印第安人的问候语) [perhaps from Sioux hɑˊo, Omaha hau]

Howard /ˈhauəd/   霍华德 [人名]

howbeit /haʊˈbi:it/ adv. archaic  nevertheless [古义]仍然，不过

howdah /ˈhaʊdə/ n.  a seat for two or more, usu. with a canopy, for riding on the back of an elephant or camel 象轿；驼轿(放于大象或骆驼背上用于乘坐的双人或多人座位，通常有顶棚) [Urdu hawda from Arabic hawdaj ‘litter’]

how-do-you-do (or how-d'ye-do) n. (pl. -dos)  an awkward situation 尴尬局面

howdy /ˈhaʊdi/ int. US [美]  = how do you do? (see 见 HOW1)  [corruption]

howe'er /həʊˈɛə/ poet. var.  of HOWEVER [诗] HOWEVER 的变体

however /haʊˈevə/ adv.  1  a  in whatever way 以任何方式  do it however you want  你喜欢怎么做就怎么做b  to whatever extent, no matter how 无论怎样，无论如何  must go however inconvenient  无论多不方便也要走 2  nevertheless 然而，不过 3 colloq. (as an emphatic) in what way, by what means [口] (表示强调)究竟怎样；到底如何  however did that happen?  这到底怎么发生的？

howitzer /ˈhaʊitsə/ n.  a short gun for high-angle firing of shells at low velocities 榴弹炮 [Dutch houwitser via German Haubitze from Czech houfnice ‘catapult’]

howl /haʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long loud doleful cry uttered by a dog, wolf, etc. (狗、狼等的)狂吠；嚎叫 2  a prolonged wailing noise, e.g. as made by a strong wind (似狂风的)怒号；呼啸 3  a loud cry of pain or rage (痛苦或愤怒时)吼叫；咆哮；哀号 4  a yell of derision or merriment (嘲笑或嬉戏时)高叫；欢闹 5 Electronics  a howling noise in a loudspeaker due to electrical or acoustic feedback 【电子学】啸声，嗥鸣 ●v.  1 intr.  make a howl 狂吠；嚎叫 2 intr.  weep loudly 号哭；咆哮 3 tr.  utter (words) with a howl 吼叫；狂喊 □ howl down   prevent (a speaker) from being heard by howls of derision 以嘲笑的吼叫声压倒讲话者的声音 [Middle English houle (v.), probably imitative: cf. OWL]

howler /ˈhaʊlə/ n.  1 colloq.  a glaring mistake [口]明显的错误 2  a S. American monkey of the genus Alouatta (北美的)吼猴 3  a person or animal that howls 吼叫的人；嚎叫的动物

howling /ˈhaʊliŋ/ adj.  1  that howls 狂吠的；嚎叫的 2 colloq.  extreme [口]极度的  a howling shame  奇耻大辱 3 archaic  dreary [古义]荒凉的；凄凉的  howling wilderness  荒无人烟之地

howling dervish  see 见 WHIRLING DERVISH 

howsoever /haʊsəʊˈevə/ adv. (also poet. [亦诗] howsoe'er /-ˈɛə/)  1  in whatsoever way 无论以什么方式 2  to whatsoever extent 不管到什么程度

howzat /haʊˈzæt/ int. Cricket 【板球】  = how's that 2 (see 见 HOW1)  [corruption]

hoy1 /hɔi/ int. & n. ●int.  used to call attention, drive animals, or Naut. hail or call aloft 嗬(引起注意或驱赶动物)；【海】(在高处)喊叫 ●n. Austral.  a game of chance resembling bingo, using playing cards [澳]玩牌的赌博游戏 [Middle English: natural cry]

hoy2 /hɔi/ n. hist.  a small vessel, usu. rigged as a sloop, carrying passengers and goods esp. for short distances [史义] (尤指短途运载乘客或货物的)独桅小船；驳船 [Middle Dutch hoei, hoede, of unknown origin]

hoy3 /hɔi/ v. tr. Austral. slang  throw [澳] [俚语]投；扔 [British dialect: origin unknown]

hoya /ˈhɔiə/ n.  any climbing shrub of the genus Hoya, with pink, white, or yellow waxy flowers 球兰属植物(蔓生灌木，开粉色、白色或黄色蜡质花) [modern Latin, named after T. Hoy, English gardener d. 1821]

hoyden /ˈhɔid(ə)n/ n.  a boisterous girl 爱嬉闹的顽皮女孩；假小子 □ hoydenish  adj.   [originally = rude fellow, probably from Middle Dutch heiden (= HEATHEN)]

Hoyle /hɔil/ n.   □ according to Hoyle   correctly, exactly; according to plan or the rules 正确地；准确地；按计划或规则地 [E. Hoyle, English writer on card games d. 1769]

h.p. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 HP)  1  horsepower  2 Brit. [英]  hire purchase  3  high pressure 

HQ abbr. [缩略]  headquarters 

HR abbr. [缩略] US  House of Representatives 

hr. abbr. [缩略]  hour 

HRH abbr. Brit.  Her or His Royal Highness [缩略] [英]殿下(间接提及时用)

hrs. abbr. [缩略]  hours 

HRT abbr. [缩略]  hormone replacement therapy 

HSH abbr.  Her or His Serene Highness [缩略]公主殿下；殿下

HT abbr. [缩略]  high tension 

Huang He n.  黄河

hub /hʌb/ n.  1  the central part of a wheel, rotating on or with the axle, and from which the spokes radiate 毂(车轮的中心部分，可以装辐) 2  a central point of interest, activity, etc. (兴趣、活动等的)中心 [16th c.: perhaps = HOB1]

hubble-bubble /ˈhʌb(ə)lbʌb(ə)l/ n.  1  a rudimentary form of hookah 简易水烟筒 2  a bubbling sound 冒泡声；沸腾声 3  confused talk 嘈杂声；吵闹声 [reduplication of BUBBLE]

Hubble's constant /ˈhʌb(ə)lz/ n. Astron. 【天】  1  the ratio of the speed of recession of a galaxy to its distance from the observer 哈勃常数(星系的后退速度与观测者距其距离之比) 2  the reciprocal of this, interpretable as the age of the universe 哈勃常数的倒数(相当于宇宙的存在年龄) [named after E.P. Hubble, US astronomer (d. 1953)]

hubbub /ˈhʌbʌb/ n.  1  a confused din, esp. from a crowd of people 吵闹声；叫嚷声 2  a disturbance or riot 骚乱；混乱 [perhaps of Irish origin; cf. Gaelic ubub, expressing contempt, Irish abú, used in battle-cries]

hubby /ˈhʌbi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a husband [口]丈夫 [abbreviation]

hubcap /ˈhʌbkæp/ n.  a cover for the hub of a vehicle's wheel (车轮的)毂盖

Hubert /ˈhju:bət/   休伯特 [人名]

hubris /ˈhju:bris/ n.  1  arrogant pride or presumption 傲慢；自大，自恃 2 (in Greek tragedy) excessive pride towards or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis (希腊悲剧中)傲睨神明(招致报应) □ hubristic  /-ˈbristik/ adj.   [Greek]

huckaback /ˈhʌkəbæk/ n.  a stout linen or cotton fabric with a rough surface, used for towelling 浮松布(一种粗麻布) [17th c.: origin unknown]

huckleberry /ˈhʌk(ə)lb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any low-growing N. American shrub of the genus Gaylussacia 黑果木(产于北美的矮灌木) 2  the blue or black soft fruit of this plant 黑果(黑果木结的兰色或黑色浆果) [probably alteration of hurtleberry, WHORTLEBERRY]

huckster /ˈhʌkstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mercenary person 惟利是图的人 2 US  a publicity agent, esp. for broadcast material [美] (传播媒体的)广告经纪人 3  a pedlar or hawker (叫卖的)小贩 ●v.  1 intr.  bargain, haggle 讨价还价 2 tr.  carry on a petty traffic in 小本经营 3 tr.  adulterate 掺假；掺杂 □ hucksterism  n.  大吹大擂推销商品的做法(或理论) [Middle English, probably from Low German: cf. dialect huck ‘to bargain’, HAWKER1]

huddle /ˈhʌd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  crowd together; nestle closely 拥挤；群集 2 intr. & refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  coil one's body into a small space 蜷缩；缩成一团 3 tr. Brit.  heap together in a muddle [英]堆成一堆 ●n.  1  a confused or crowded mass of people or things 杂乱的一群人；杂乱的一堆东西 2 colloq.  a close or secret conference (esp. in 尤用于 go into a huddle 私下碰头；进行秘密协商) [口]秘密会议；私下碰头会 3  confusion, bustle 混乱；杂乱 [16th c.: perhaps from Low German and ultimately related to HIDE3]

Hudson Bay n.  哈得孙湾 [加拿大]

hue /hju:/ n.  1  a  a colour or tint 颜色；色彩b  a variety or shade of colour caused by the admixture of another 色泽；色度 2  the attribute of a colour by virtue of which it is discernible as red, green, etc. 色调 □ -hued  adj.  □ hueless  adj.   [Old English hīew, hēw ‘form, beauty’, from Germanic]

hue and cry n.  1  a loud clamour or outcry 喧嚷；呼叫 2 hist.  a  a loud cry raised for the pursuit of a wrongdoer 追赶罪犯时的喊叫声b  a proclamation for the capture of a criminal 宣布捉到罪犯时的喊叫声 [Anglo-French hu e cri, from Old French hu ‘outcry’ (from huer ‘shout’) + e ‘and’ + cri ‘cry’]

huff /hʌf/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  give out loud puffs of air, steam, etc. 喷气；吹气；深呼吸 2 intr.  bluster loudly or threateningly 怒号；吓唬  huffing and puffing  恫吓；咆哮 3 intr. & tr.  take or cause to take offence 触怒；发怒 4 tr. (in draughts) remove (an opponent's man that could have made a capture) from the board as a forfeit (originally after blowing on the piece) (国际跳棋中)取掉(对手当跳而未跳的棋子) ●n.  a fit of petty annoyance (一阵)气恼；愤怒 □ in a huff   annoyed and offended 发怒的□ huffish  adj.   [imitative of the sound of blowing]

huffy /ˈhʌfi/ adj. (huffier, huffiest)  1  apt to take offence 易怒的；易生气的 2  offended 生气的，发怒的 □ huffily  adv.  □ huffiness  n.  

hug /hʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (hugged, hugging)  1  squeeze tightly in one's arms, esp. with affection (尤指热情地)拥抱；紧抱 2 (of a bear) squeeze (a person) between its forelegs (指熊用前肢将人)紧紧抱住 3  keep close to (the shore, kerb, etc.) 紧靠；紧挨(岸边、路边等) 4  cherish or cling to (prejudices etc.) 抱有；持有(偏见等) 5 refl.  congratulate or be pleased with (oneself) 沾沾自喜；为自己庆幸 ●n.  1  a strong esp. affectionate clasp with the arms 拥抱；紧抱 2  a squeezing grip in wrestling (摔跤中)抓握 □ huggable  adj.   [16th c.: probably from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse hugga ‘console’]

huge /hju:dʒ/ adj.  1  extremely large; enormous 庞大的；巨大的 2 (of immaterial things) very great (指非物质的东西)很大的  a huge success  巨大的成功 □ hugeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French ahuge, ahoge, of unknown origin]

hugely /ˈhju:dʒli/ adv.  1  enormously 极大地；巨大地  hugely successful  非常成功 2  very much 非常，极其地  enjoyed it hugely  十分喜欢它

hugger-mugger /ˈhʌɡəmʌɡə/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. & adv.  1  in secret 秘密的(地)；隐秘的(地) 2  confused; in confusion 混乱的(地) ●n.  1  secrecy 秘密 2  confusion 混乱；纷乱 ●v. intr.  proceed in a secret or muddled fashion 秘密进行；胡乱地干 [probably related to Middle English hoder ‘huddle’, mokere ‘conceal’: cf. 15th-c. hoder moder, 16th-c. hucker mucker in the same sense]

Hugh /hju:/   休 [人名]

Hugo /ˈhju:gəu/   雨果 [人名]

Huguenot /ˈhju:ɡənəʊ, -nɒt/ n. hist.  a French Protestant [史义]胡格诺派教徒(法国基督教新教徒) [French, assimilation of eiguenot (from Dutch eedgenot from Swiss German Eidgenoss ‘confederate’) to the name of a Geneva burgomaster Hugues]

huh /hʌ, hə/ int.  expressing disgust, surprise, etc. (表示厌恶、惊奇等)嘿！啊！ [imitative]

hula /hu:lə/ n. (also 亦作 hula-hula)  a dance performed by Hawaiian women, characterized by six basic steps and flowing arm movements 呼啦舞，草裙舞(夏威夷妇女跳的舞，具有 6 种基本步法和流畅的手臂动作) [Hawaiian]

hula hoop n.  a large hoop for spinning round the body with hula-like movements 呼啦圈

hula skirt n.  a long grass skirt 长草裙

hulk /hʌlk/ n.  1  a  the body of a dismantled ship, used as a store vessel etc. 旧船船体(通常用作仓库船等)b (in pl. 用复数) hist.  this used as a prison [史义]监狱船 2  an unwieldy vessel 庞大笨重的船 3 colloq.  a large clumsy-looking person or thing [口]巨大笨重的人或物 [Old English hulc & Middle Low German, Middle Dutch hulk: related to Greek holkas ‘cargo ship’]

hulking /ˈhʌlkiŋ/ adj. colloq.  bulky; large and clumsy [口]大而笨重的；笨拙的

hull1 /hʌl/ n. & v. ●n.  the body or frame of a ship, airship, flying boat, etc. (飞艇、飞船等的)船体，船壳 ●v. tr.  pierce the hull of (a ship) with gunshot etc. (用炮弹等)穿透船体 [Middle English, perhaps related to HOLD2]

hull2 /hʌl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the outer covering of a fruit, esp. the pod of peas and beans, the husk of grain, or the green calyx of a strawberry 果实的外壳(尤指豆荚、谷壳、草莓的花萼) 2  a covering 覆盖物 ●v. tr.  remove the hulls from (fruit etc.) 除去(水果等的)皮，壳 [Old English hulu, ultimately from helan ‘cover’: cf. HEEL3]

hullabaloo /hʌləbəˈlu:/ n. (pl. hullabaloos)  an uproar or clamour 骚动；喧嚣 [18th c.: reduplication of hallo, hullo, etc.]

hullo var.  of HELLO  HELLO 的变体

hum1 /hʌm/ v. & n. ●v. (hummed, humming)  1 intr.  make a low steady continuous sound like that of a bee 发嗡嗡声 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  sing (a wordless tune) with closed lips (闭着嘴)哼曲子 3 intr.  utter a slight inarticulate sound 发哼(嗯)声 4 intr. colloq.  be in an active state [口]忙碌；活跃  really made things hum  确实使事情变得有生气 5 intr. Brit. colloq.  smell unpleasantly [英口]发出难闻的气味 ●n.  1  a humming sound 嗡嗡声；哼哼声 2  an unwanted low-frequency noise caused by variation of electric current, usu. the alternating frequency of the mains, in an amplifier etc. (电流的)交流声 3 Brit. colloq.  a bad smell [英口]臭味 □ hum and haw (or ha)  Brit.  hesitate, esp. in speaking [英]犹豫；吞吞吐吐□ hummable  adj.  □ hummer  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

hum2 /hʌm, h(ə)m/ int.  expressing hesitation or dissent 嗯；哼(表示犹豫或不情愿) [imitative]

human /ˈhju:mən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or characteristic of humankind or people; of or belonging to the genus Homo 人的；人类的 2  consisting of human beings 由人构成的  the human race  人种 3  of or characteristic of humankind as opposed to God or animals or machines, esp. susceptible to the weaknesses of humankind (和上帝、动物或机器相比较)有人性的，有人类本性特征的； (尤指有人性弱点的)  is only human  必竟也是人 4  showing (esp. the better) qualities of humankind 通人情的；有同情心的；通情达理的  proved to be very human  证明很有人情味 ●n.  a human being, esp. as distinguished from an animal or (in science fiction and fantasy) a Martian, an elf, etc. (尤指区别于动物科幻小说中的火星人、小精灵等的)人 □ humanness  /ˈhju:mənnis/ n.   [Middle English humain(e) via Old French from Latin humanus, from homo ‘human being’]

human being n.  any man or woman or child of the species Homo sapiens 人(包括男人、女人或儿童)

human chain n.  a line of people formed for passing things along, e.g. buckets of water to the site of a fire 人链(为传送东西，如传送水桶到火灾现场等排成的队列)

humane /hjʊˈmein/ adj.  1  benevolent, compassionate 慈善的；富于同情心的 2  inflicting the minimum of pain 不残暴的，人道的 3 (of a branch of learning) tending to civilize or confer refinement (指学科)促进文明的；促进教化的 □ humanely  adv.  □ humaneness  n.   [variant of HUMAN, differentiated in sense in the 18th c.]

human ecology  see 见 ECOLOGY 2 

humane killer n. Brit.  an instrument for the rainless slaughter of animals [英] (屠宰牲口的)无痛屠宰机

human engineering n.  1  the management of industrial labour, esp. as regards man － machine relationships 人事管理(尤指工业企业中有关人与机器的关系) 2  the study of this 人类工程学

human geography n.  the branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth's surface 人类地理学

human interest n. (in a newspaper story etc.) reference to personal experience and emotions etc. (报纸报道等中的)人情味

humanism /ˈhju:məniz(ə)m/ n.  1  an outlook or system of thought concerned with human rather than divine or supernatural matters 人本主义 2  a belief or outlook emphasizing common human needs and seeking solely rational ways of solving human problems, and concerned with humankind as responsible and progressive intellectual beings 人道主义 3 (often 常作 Humanism)  literary culture, esp. that of the Renaissance humanists 人文主义(尤指文艺复兴时期文学)

humanist /ˈhju:mənist/ n.  1  an adherent of humanism 人文主义者 2  a humanitarian 人道主义者 3  a student (esp. in the 14th － 16th c.) of Roman and Greek literature and antiquities (尤指 14 至 16 世纪研究罗马和希腊文学的)人文学者；古典文学学者；古典文化研究者 □ humanistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ humanistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French humaniste from Italian umanista (as HUMAN)]

humanitarian /hjʊˌmæniˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who seeks to promote human welfare 人道主义者 2  a person who advocates or practises humane action; a philanthropist 博爱者；慈善家 ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or holding the views of humanitarians 人道主义的 2  of or relating to human welfare 人道的，仁慈的  released on humanitarian grounds  出于人道主义而被释放 humanitarian aid  人道援助 □ humanitarianism  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 The adjective humanitarian is often used inaccurately by reporters and journalists in conjunction with the noun disaster, e.g. This is the worst humanitarian disaster within living memory, as if humanitarian meant ‘of or relating to humanity’. Such use can be avoided by using the adjective human instead. 通讯员和新闻记者常常错误地将形容词 humanitarian 与名词 disaster 连用，如 This is the worst humanitarian disaster within living memory (这是有史以来最惨重的人类灾难)，仿佛这一形容词有“人类的”意思。应该用形容词 human 来表达这一意思。 

humanity /hjʊˈmæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the human race 人b  human beings collectively 人类c  the fact or condition of being human 人的属性 2  humaneness, benevolence 人道；博爱；仁慈 3 (in pl. 用复数)  human attributes 人性 4 (in pl. 用复数)  learning or literature concerned with human culture, esp. the study of Roman and Greek literature and philosophy 人文科学(尤指对罗马和希腊文学和哲学的研究) [Middle English via Old French humanité from Latin humanitas -tatis (as HUMAN)]

humanize /ˈhju:mənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make human; give a human character to 赋予人性；使人性化 2  make humane 使通人情 □ humanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French humaniser (as HUMAN)]

humankind /hju:mənˈkaind/ n.  human beings collectively (总称)人类

humanly /ˈhju:mənli/ adv.  1  by human means 依靠人力；在人力所能及的范围内  I will do it if it is humanly possible  如果是人力所能，我会做的 2  in a human manner 像(常)人一样地 3  from a human point of view 从人的角度 4  with human feelings 有人性地

human nature n.  the general characteristics and feelings of humankind 人性

humanoid /ˈhju:mənɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having human form or character 具有人的形状(或特征)的 ●n.  a humanoid animal or thing 类人的动物或东西 [HUMAN + -OID]

human relations n. pl.  relations with or between people or individuals 人际关系，人与人之间的关系

human rights n. pl.  rights held to be justifiably belonging to any person 人权

human shield n.  a person or group of persons placed near a potential target to deter attack 人体盾牌(一个人或一组人位于目标之前，以阻止进攻)

humble /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/ adj. & v. ●adj. (humbler, humblest)  1  a  having or showing a low estimate of one's own importance 谦逊的，谦虚的b  offered with or affected by such an estimate 谦恭地提出的；恭顺的  if you want my humble opinion  如果你想要本人的愚见 2  of low social or political rank (指社会或政治地位)低下的；卑贱的  humble origins  出身卑微 3 (of a thing) of modest pretensions, dimensions, etc. (指物)低劣的；简陋的 ●v. tr.  1  make humble; bring low; abase 使谦逊，使谦恭；贬低 2  lower the rank or status of 降低…的地位 □ eat humble pie   make a humble apology; accept humiliation (低声下气地)道歉；忍辱含垢□ humbleness  n.  □ humbly  adv.   [Middle English umble, humble via Old French umble from Latin humilis ‘lowly’, from humus ‘ground’: humble pie from UMBLES]

humble-bee /ˈhʌmb(ə)lbi:/ n.  = BUMBLE-BEE  [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German hummelbē, Middle Dutch hommel, Old High German humbal]

humbug /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  deceptive or false talk or behaviour 假话，鬼话；花招，骗局 2  an impostor 骗子；假冒者 3 Brit.  a boiled sweet usu. flavoured with peppermint [英]薄荷糖 ●v. (humbugged, humbugging)  1 intr.  be or behave like an impostor 行骗，骗人 2 tr.  deceive, hoax 欺骗；哄骗 □ humbuggery  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

humdinger /hʌmˈdiŋə/ n. slang  an excellent or remarkable person or thing [俚语]杰出人物；非凡事物 [20th c.: origin unknown]

humdrum /ˈhʌmdrʌm/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  commonplace, dull 平凡的；乏味的 2  monotonous 单调的，无变化的 ●n.  1  commonplaceness, dullness 平凡；乏味 2  a monotonous routine etc. 单调的工作(或生活等) [16th c.: probably from HUM1 by reduplication]

humectant /hjʊˈmekt(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  retaining or preserving moisture 保湿的 ●n.  a substance, esp. a food additive, used to reduce loss of moisture 湿润剂；保湿剂(尤指食物添加剂，用于减少水分流失) [Latin (h)umectant-, part. stem of (h)umectare ‘moisten’, from umēre ‘be moist’]

humeral /ˈhju:m(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the humerus or shoulder 肱骨的；肩的 2  worn on the shoulder 肩披的 [French huméral & Late Latin humeralis (as HUMERUS)]

humerus /ˈhju:m(ə)rəs/ n. (pl. humeri /-rai/)  1  the bone of the upper arm in man (人的上肢从肘到肩的)肱骨 2  the corresponding bone in other vertebrates (脊椎动物的)肱骨 [Latin, = shoulder]

humic /ˈhju:mik/ adj.  of or consisting of humus 腐殖质的；腐殖质丰富的

humid /ˈhju:mid/ adj. (of the air or climate) warm and damp (指空气或气候)温暖潮湿的；温暖湿润的 □ humidly  adv.   [French humide or Latin humidus from umēre ‘be moist’]

humidifier /hjʊˈmidifaiə/ n.  a device for keeping the atmosphere moist in a room etc. 加湿器，增湿器；湿润器

humidify /hjʊˈmidifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make (air etc.) humid or damp 使(空气等)潮湿，使湿润 □ humidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

humidity /hjʊˈmiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a humid state 潮湿(状态) 2  moisture 湿气 3  the degree of moisture esp. in the atmosphere (尤指空气的)湿度 [Middle English from Old French humidité or Latin humiditas (as HUMID)]

humidor /ˈhju:midɔ:/ n.  a room or container for keeping cigars or tobacco moist 烟草保湿室；保湿烟罐；保湿烟盒 [HUMID, on the pattern of cuspidor]

humify /ˈhju:mifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or be made into humus (使)成腐殖质 □ humification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

humiliate /hjʊˈmilieit/ v. tr.  make humble; injure the dignity or self-respect of 羞辱，使丢脸；使蒙耻 □ humiliating  adj.  □ humiliatingly  adv.  □ humiliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ humiliator  n.   [Late Latin humiliare (as HUMBLE)]

humility /hjʊˈmiliti/ n.  1  humbleness, meekness 谦逊；谦卑，温顺 2  a humble condition 低微的地位，低劣的环境 [Middle English via Old French humilité from Latin humilitas -tatis (as HUMBLE)]

hummingbird /ˈhʌmiŋbɜ:d/ n.  any small nectar-feeding tropical American bird of the family Trochilidae, that makes a humming sound by the vibration of its wings when it hovers 蜂鸟(美洲热带食蜜小鸟，盘旋时翅膀振动，发出嗡嗡声)

humming-top /ˈhʌmiŋtɒp/ n. Brit.  a child's top which hums as it spins [英]发声陀螺(儿童玩具)

hummock /ˈhʌmək/ n.  1  a hillock or knoll 小丘；圆丘 2 US  a piece of forested ground rising above a marsh [美] (沼泽中)林木茂密的高地 3  a hump or ridge in an ice field (冰原上的)冰丘，堆积冰 □ hummocky  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

hummus /ˈhʊməs/ n. (also 亦作 hoummos)  a thick sauce or spread made from ground chickpeas and sesame seeds, olive oil, lemon, and garlic 鹰嘴豆调味酱(由磨碎的鹰嘴豆、芝麻、橄榄油、柠檬和大蒜制成) [Turkish humus ‘mashed chickpeas’]

humongous /hju:ˈmʌŋɡəs/ adj. (also 亦作 humungous) slang  huge, enormous [俚语]巨大的，庞大的 [20th c.: origin unknown; cf. HUGE, MONSTROUS, STUPENDOUS, etc.]

humor US var.  of HUMOUR [美] HUMOUR 的变体

humoral /ˈhju:m(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1 hist.  of the four bodily humours [史义]四种体液的 2 Med.  of or relating to the body fluids, esp. with regard to immune responses involving antibodies in body fluids as distinct from cells 【医】体液的；由体液引起的 [French humoral or medieval Latin humoralis (as HUMOUR)]

humoresque /hju:məˈresk/ n.  a short lively piece of music (短小的)诙谐曲；幽默曲 [German Humoreske from Humor HUMOUR]

humorist /ˈhju:m(ə)rist/ n.  1  a facetious person 诙谐的人；富于幽默感的人 2  a humorous talker, actor, or writer 谈吐诙谐的人；滑稽演员；幽默作家 □ humoristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

humorous /ˈhju:m(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  showing humour or a sense of humour 幽默的；富于幽默感的 2  facetious, comic 滑稽的；诙谐的 □ humorously  adv.  □ humorousness  n.  

humour /ˈhju:mə/ n. & v. (US [美] humor) ●n.  1  a  the quality of being amusing or comic 幽默；诙谐；滑稽b  the expression of humour in literature, speech, etc. (文学、讲演等中的)幽默表达 2 (in full 全称 sense of humour)  the ability to perceive or express humour or take a joke 幽默感 3  a mood or state of mind 心情，心境；情绪；性情  bad humour  心情不佳 4  an inclination or whim 倾向；古怪念头  in the humour for fighting  想打架 5 (in full 全称 cardinal humour) hist.  each of the four chief fluids of the body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile), thought to determine a person's physical and mental qualities [史义]体液(人体内有 4 种体液：血液、黏汁、黄胆汁和黑胆汁，被认为决定人的身心状况) ●v. tr.  1  gratify or indulge (a person or taste etc.) 迎合；纵容 2  adapt oneself to; make concessions to 使自己适应；向…让步 □ out of humour   displeased 生气，心情不好□ -humoured  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)  □ humourless  adj.  □ humourlessly  adv.  □ humourlessness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French umour, humour, Old French umor, humor from Latin humor ‘moisture’ (as HUMID)]

humous /ˈhju:məs/ adj.  like or consisting of humus 腐殖质的

hump /hʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rounded protuberance on the back of a camel etc., or as an abnormality on a person's back 驼峰；(人的)驼背 2  a rounded raised mass of earth etc. 圆丘；冈 3  a mound over which railway vehicles are pushed so as to run by gravity to the required place in a marshalling yard 驼峰调车场(一种列车编组方法，火车以自己的重力从驼峰溜到指定位置) 4  a critical point in an undertaking, ordeal, etc. 紧要关头，困难阶段 5 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  a fit of depression or vexation [英] [俚语]愁闷；烦心  it gives me the hump  这让我觉得发愁 ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about) colloq.  lift or carry (heavy objects etc.) with difficulty [口] (吃力地)搬起；搬运(重物等)b esp. Austral.  hoist up, shoulder (one's pack etc.) [尤澳]抬起；举起；扛 2  make hump-shaped 使隆起 3  annoy, depress 使烦恼；使闷闷不乐 4 coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 □ live on one's hump  colloq.  be self-sufficient [口]自食其力；自给自足□ over the hump   over the worst; well begun 已度过最困难时期；好的开端□ humped  adj.  □ humpless  adj.   [17th c.: perhaps related to Low German humpel ‘hump’, Low German humpe, Dutch homp ‘lump, hunk’ (of bread)]

humpback /ˈhʌm(p)bæk/ n.  1  a  a back deformed by a hump 驼背b  a person having this 驼背的人 2  a baleen whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, with a dorsal fin forming a hump 驼背鲸，座头鲸(有鲸须，脊鳍像驼峰) □ humpbacked  adj.  

humpback bridge n. Brit.  a small bridge with a steep ascent and descent [英]拱形小桥

hump bridge n.  = HUMPBACK BRIDGE 

humph /hʌmf, h(ə)mf/ int. & n.  an inarticulate sound expressing doubt or dissatisfaction 哼(表示怀疑或不满) [imitative]

Humphrey /ˈhʌmfri/   汉弗莱 [人名]

humpty-dumpty /hʌm(p)tiˈdʌm(p)ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a short dumpy person 矮胖子 2  a person or thing that once overthrown cannot be restored (一经损坏便)无法复原的人(或物) [the nursery rhyme Humpty-Dumpty, perhaps ultimately from HUMPY1, DUMPY]

humpy1 /ˈhʌmpi/ adj. (humpier, humpiest)  1  having a hump or humps 有驼峰的 2  humplike 驼峰状的；隆起的

humpy2 /ˈhʌmpi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  a primitive hut [澳]简陋棚屋 [Yagara ngumbi]

humungous var.  of HUMONGOUS  HUMONGOUS 的变体

humus /ˈhju:məs/ n.  the organic constituent of soil, usu. formed by the decomposition of plants and leaves by soil bacteria 腐殖质 □ humusify  v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)   [Latin, = soil]

Hun /hu:n/ n.  1  a member of an Asiatic nomadic people who invaded and ravaged Europe in the 4th － 5th c. 匈奴人(亚洲一个游牧民族的成员，该民族在公元 4 至 5 世纪时入侵劫掠了欧洲) 2 offens.  a German (esp. in military contexts) [冒犯] (尤指在军事环境中)德国佬 3  an uncivilized devastator; a vandal 大肆破坏者；野蛮人 □ Hunnish  adj.   [Old English Hūne (pl.) via Late Latin Hunni and Greek Hounnoi from Turkic Hun-yü]

hunch /hʌn(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  bend or arch into a hump 使隆起；使弓起 2 tr.  thrust out or up to form a hump 用力使成弓形 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) esp. N. Amer.  sit with the body hunched [尤北美]弓身坐着 ●n.  1  an intuitive feeling or conjecture 直觉；预感 2 US colloq.  a hint [美口]暗示；提示 3  a hump 肉峰，隆肉 4  a thick piece 厚片 [Middle English: origin unknown]

hunchback /ˈhʌn(t)ʃbæk/ n.  = HUMPBACK 1  □ hunchbacked  adj.  

hundred /ˈhʌndrəd/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. hundreds or (in sense 1 用于释义 1) hundred) (in sing. 用单数 , prec. by 前接 a or one)  1  the product of ten and ten 一百 2  a symbol for this (100, c, C) 一百的符号(如 100, c, C) 3  a set of a hundred things 由 100 个事物组成的一组 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) colloq.  a large number [口]许多，很多 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the years of a specified century 百年，世纪  the seventeen hundreds  17 个世纪 6 Brit. hist.  a subdivision of a county or shire, having its own court [英史义]百户邑 ●adj.  1  that amount to a hundred 一百的；一百个的 2  used to express whole hours in the 24-hour system 在 24 小时制中用于表示整点  thirteen hundred hours  13 点整 □ a (or one) hundred per cent ● adv.  entirely, completely 百分之百地，完全地 ●adj.  1  entire, complete 完全的 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  fully recovered 完全复原；恢复健康□ hundredfold  adj. & adv.  □ hundredth  adj. & n.   [Old English from Germanic]

hundreds and thousands n. pl. Brit.  tiny coloured sweets used chiefly for decorating cakes etc. [英] (装饰蛋糕等用的)彩色糖粒

hundredweight /ˈhʌndrədweit/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -weights)  1 (in full 全称 long hundredweight) Brit.  a unit of weight equal to 112 lb avoirdupois (about 50.8 kg) [英]英担(重量单位，相当于 112 磅，大约 50.8 公斤) 2 (in full 全称 metric hundredweight)  a unit of weight equal to 50 kg 半公担(重量单位，相当于 50 公斤) 3 (in full 全称 short hundredweight) US  a unit of weight equal to 100 lb (about 45.4 kg) [美]英担(重量单位，相当于 100 磅，大约 45.4 公斤)

hung past and past part.  of HANG 

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Hungary in central Europe 匈牙利人；匈牙利公民b  a person of Hungarian descent 匈牙利后裔 2  the Finno-Ugric language of Hungary 匈牙利语 ●adj.  of or relating to Hungary or its people or language 匈牙利的；匈牙利人的；匈牙利语的 [medieval Latin Hungaria from Hungari ‘Magyar nation’]

Hungary   匈牙利

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feeling of pain or discomfort, or (in extremes) an exhausted condition, caused by lack of food 饥饿，饥饿感 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, after)  a strong desire 渴望 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, after)  have a craving or strong desire 渴望；盼望 2  feel hunger 感到饥饿 [Old English hungor, hyngran, from Germanic]

hunger march n.  a march undertaken by a body of unemployed etc. to call attention to their condition (失业者的)反饥饿示威游行 □ hunger marcher  n.  

hunger strike n.  the refusal of food as a form of protest, esp. by prisoners (尤指犯人的)绝食抗议 □ hunger striker  n.  

hung-over adj. colloq.  suffering from a hangover [口]因余醉未醒而感到难受的

hung parliament n.  a parliament in which no party has a clear majority 无任何党派占绝对多数的议会

hungry /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adj. (hungrier, hungriest)  1  feeling or showing hunger; needing food 饥饿的；感到饿的 2  characterized by hunger 闹饥荒的；贫穷的  those were hungry days  那些闹饥荒的日子 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  eager, greedy, craving 渴望的；贪婪的；渴求的b Austral.  mean, stingy [澳]吝啬的；小气的 4 (of soil) poor, barren (指土地)贫瘠的，不毛的 □ hungrily  adv.  □ hungriness  n.   [Old English hungrig (as HUNGER)]

hunk /hʌŋk/ n.  1  a  a large piece cut off 大块，大片  a hunk of bread  一大片面包b  a thick or clumsy piece 厚片 2 colloq. [口]  a  a very large person (指人)大块头b  a sexually attractive, ruggedly handsome man 富有魅力的健美男人 □ hunky  adj. (hunkier, hunkiest)   [19th c.: probably of Low Dutch origin: cf. Flemish hunke]

hunker /ˈhʌŋkə/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down) esp. Sc. & N. Amer.  squat or crouch with the haunches nearly touching the heels, esp. for shelter or concealment [尤苏格兰和北美]蹲，蹲伏(尤指为藏身) □ hunker down   apply oneself, knuckle down 开始认真工作 [related to Middle Dutch hucken, Middle Low German hūken, Old Norse húka; cf. German hocken ‘squat’]

hunkers /ˈhʌŋkəz/ n. pl.  the haunches 大腿及臀部 [originally Scots, from HUNKER]

hunky-dory /hʌŋkiˈdɔ:ri/ adj. colloq.  excellent [口]极佳的，极好的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

hunt /hʌnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  pursue and kill (wild animals or game) for sport or food 打猎，猎杀(野兽或猎物)b Brit.  pursue on horseback and usu. kill (a fox) using hounds [英]狩猎(狐狸)c Brit.  use (hounds or a horse) for hunting [英] (用猎狗或马)狩猎d (of an animal) chase (its prey) (指动物)追赶；驱赶 2 intr. (foll. by 常后跟 after, for)  seek, search 寻找，搜寻  hunting for a pen  找枝笔 3 intr.  a  oscillate 摆动；振荡b Brit. (of an engine etc.) run alternately too fast and too slow [英] (指发动机等)运转时快时慢 4 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 away etc.)  drive off by pursuit 驱赶b  pursue with hostility 骚扰；迫害 5 tr.  scour (a district) in pursuit of game 搜寻(一地区以追逐猎物) 6 tr. (as 作 hunted adj.) (of a look etc.) expressing alarm or terror as of one being hunted (指表情等)仿佛被追捕一样惊恐 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 down, up)  move the place of (a bell) in ringing the changes 改变鸣钟的次序 ●n.  1  the practice of hunting or an instance of this 打猎 2  a  an association of people engaged in hunting with hounds 打猎队伍b  an area where hunting takes place 打猎区 3  an oscillating motion 摆动；振荡 □ hunt down   pursue and capture 追捕到；搜寻到□ hunt out   find by searching; track down 找出，找到；追踪到 [Old English huntian, weak grade of hentan ‘seize’]

huntaway /ˈhʌntəwei/ n. Austral. & NZ  a dog trained to drive sheep forward [澳新]牧羊犬

hunter /ˈhʌntə/ n.  1  a (fem. huntress /-ris/)  a person or animal that hunts 猎人；猎犬b  a horse used in hunting 狩猎用马 2  a person who seeks something 搜寻者；追逐者 3  a watch with a hinged cover protecting the glass 双盖表；猎用表

hunter-gatherer n.  a member of a people whose mode of subsistence is based on hunting animals and gathering plants etc. 游牧猎人

hunter's moon n.  the next full moon after the harvest moon 猎月(收获月后的第一个满月)

hunting /ˈhʌntiŋ/ n.  the practice of pursuing and killing wild animals, esp. for sport 狩猎，打猎 [Old English huntung (as HUNT)]

hunting crop  see 见 CROP n. 3 

hunting ground n.  1  a place suitable for hunting 打猎场，狩猎区 2  a source of information or object of exploitation likely to be fruitful 有希望获得消息的地方；有希望找到所寻求东西的地方

hunting horn n.  a straight horn used in hunting 猎人用的号角

hunting pink  see 见 PINK1 n. 4 

Huntington's chorea /ˈhʌntiŋt(ə)nz/ n.  chorea accompanied by a progressive dementia 杭廷顿斯舞蹈病，遗传性慢性舞蹈病 [named after G. Huntington, American neurologist, d. 1916]

huntress  see 见 HUNTER 1a 

hunt saboteur n.  a person who attempts, usu. with others, to disrupt a hunt (通常和他人一起)破坏打猎者

huntsman /ˈhʌntsmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a hunter 猎人；狩猎者 2  a hunt official in charge of hounds 猎犬管理员

hurdle /ˈhɜ:d(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  each of a series of light frames to be cleared by athletes in a race (跨栏赛跑中运动员所跨跃的)栏架b (in pl. 用复数)  a hurdle race 跨栏赛跑；跳栏赛马 2  an obstacle or difficulty 障碍；难关 3  a portable rectangular frame strengthened with withes or wooden bars, used as a temporary fence etc. (用藤条或木棍编成的矩形的)临时围栏 4 Brit. hist.  a frame on which traitors were dragged to execution [英史义]囚笼 ●v.  1  a intr.  run in a hurdle race 参加跨栏赛跑；参加跳栏赛马b tr.  clear (a hurdle) in a race 跨越(栏架) 2 tr.  fence off etc. with hurdles 用围栏围住 3 tr.  overcome (a difficulty) 克服困难 [Old English hyrdel, from Germanic]

hurdler /ˈhɜ:dlə/ n.  1  an athlete who runs in hurdle races 跨栏运动员 2  a person who makes hurdles 临时围栏制作者

hurdy-gurdy /ˈhɜ:diɡɜ:di/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a musical instrument with a droning sound, played by turning a handle, esp. one with a rosined wheel turned by the right hand to sound the drone strings, and keys played by the left hand 手摇风琴 2 colloq.  a barrel organ [口]筒风琴 [probably imitative]

hurl /hɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  throw with great force 用力扔，投掷 2 tr.  utter (abuse etc.) vehemently 言辞激烈地表达(或辱骂等) 3 intr.  play hurley 打爱尔兰式曲棍球 ●n.  1  a forceful throw 投掷；猛扔 2  the act of hurling 投掷 [Middle English, probably imitative, but corresponding in form and partly in sense with Low German hurreln]

Hurler's syndrome /ˈhɜ:ləz/ n. Med.  a defect in metabolism resulting in mental retardation, a protruding abdomen, and deformities of the bones, including an abnormally large head Also called 亦称作 gargoylism 【医】胡尔勒氏综合征，脂质软骨营养障碍 [named after G. Hurler, German paediatrician fl. 1894]

hurley /ˈhɜ:li/ n.  1 (also 亦作 hurling /ˈhɜ:liŋ/)  an Irish game somewhat resembling hockey, played with broad sticks 爱尔兰式曲棍球 2  a stick used in this 爱尔兰式曲棍球用球

hurly-burly /ˈhɜ:libɜ:li/ n.  boisterous activity; commotion 骚动；喧哗；吵闹 [reduplication of HURL]

Huron /ˈhjuərən/ n.  休伦湖(亦作 Lake Huron) [北美洲]

hurrah /hʊˈrɑ:/ int., n. & v. (also 亦作 hurray /hʊˈrei/) ●int. & n.  an exclamation of joy or approval 好哇；万岁(表示高兴或赞成) ●v. intr.  cry or shout ‘hurrah’ or ‘hurray’ 呼喊万岁 [alteration of earlier huzza, perhaps originally a sailor's cry when hauling]

hurricane /ˈhʌrik(ə)n, -kein/ n.  1  a storm with a violent wind, esp. a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean 飓风；狂风(尤指加勒比海的热带飓风) 2 Meteorol.  a wind of force 12 on the Beaufort scale, exceeding 75 m.p.h (65 knots) 【气】 12 级大风(时速 75 英里以上) 3  a violent commotion 风暴 [Spanish huracan & Portuguese furacɑ˜o, of Carib origin]

hurricane-bird n.  a frigate bird 军舰鸟

hurricane deck n.  a light upper deck on a ship etc. 上层轻甲板

hurricane lamp n.  an oil lamp designed to resist a high wind 防风灯，风暴灯

hurry /ˈhʌri/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  great haste 匆忙，急忙b (with neg. or interrog. 与否定词或疑问词连用)  a need for haste 匆忙的必要性  there is no hurry  不必着急 what's the hurry?  干什么这么着急 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  eagerness to get a thing done quickly 急切；渴望 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  move or act with great or undue haste 赶紧；匆忙，急忙 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, along)  cause to move or proceed in this way 使赶紧；催促 3 tr. (as 作 hurried adj.)  hasty; done rapidly owing to lack of time 匆匆完成的，匆忙了事的 □ hurry along (or up)   make or cause to make haste 使赶紧；使赶快□ in a hurry   1  hurrying, rushed; in a rushed manner 匆忙，急忙 2 colloq.  easily or readily [口]轻易地；乐意地  you will not beat that in a hurry  你无法轻易得胜的 shall not ask again in a hurry  不愿再问了□ hurriedly  adv.  □ hurriedness  n.   [16th c.: imitative]

hurry-scurry n., adj. & adv. ●n.  disorderly haste 慌张；仓皇 ●adj. & adv.  in confusion 慌张的(地)，仓皇的(地) [jingling reduplication of HURRY]

hurst /hɜ:st/ n.  1  a hillock 小丘 2  a sandbank in the sea or a river 沙洲；沙丘 3  a wood or wooded eminence 小树林；有树林的高地 [Old English hyrst, related to Old Saxon, Old High German hurst, horst]

hurt /hɜ:t/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. hurt)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cause pain or injury to 弄痛；使受伤 2 tr.  cause mental pain or distress to (a person, feelings, etc.) 使受伤害；使痛心，使伤心 3 intr.  suffer pain or harm 痛，疼  my arm hurts  我胳膊疼 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  have a pressing need for 迫切需要 ●n.  1  bodily or material injury 伤；痛苦 2  harm, wrong 危害；损害 [Middle English from Old French hurter, hurt, ultimately perhaps from Germanic]

hurtful /ˈhɜ:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  causing (esp. mental) hurt (尤指精神上)使人痛苦的；伤感情的 □ hurtfully  adv.  □ hurtfulness  n.  

hurtle /ˈhɜ:t(ə)l/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  move or hurl rapidly or with a clattering sound 飞驰；猛冲；发出巨大声响急进 2 intr.  come with a crash 猛烈碰撞 [HURT in obsolete sense ‘strike forcibly’]

husband /ˈhʌzbənd/ n. & v. ●n.  a married man esp. in relation to his wife 丈夫 ●v. tr.  manage thriftily; use (resources) economically 节俭地管理；节约地使用 □ husbander  n.  □ husbandhood  n.  □ husbandless  adj.  □ husbandly  adj.   [Old English hūsbonda ‘house-dweller’ from Old Norse húsbóndi (as HOUSE, bóndi ‘a person who has a household’)]

husbandman /ˈhʌzbən(d)mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who cultivates the ground; a farmer 庄稼汉；农夫

husbandry /ˈhʌzbəndri/ n.  1  farming 农业 2  a  management of resources 资源管理b  careful management 妥善管理

hush /hʌʃ/ v., int. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become silent or quiet 使安静，使寂静；变得安静 ●int.  calling for silence 嘘；别做声 ●n.  an expectant stillness or silence 安静；寂静 □ hush up   suppress public mention of (an affair) 不让张扬；遮掩(某事) [back-formation from obsolete interjection husht, = quiet!, taken as a past part.]

hushaby /ˈhʌʃəbai/ int. (also 亦作 hushabye)  used to lull a child 乖乖睡(用于哄孩子睡觉)

hush-hush /hʌʃˈhʌʃ/ adj. colloq. (esp. of an official plan or enterprise etc.) highly secret or confidential [口] (尤指官方的规划或计划)秘密的；机密的

hush money n.  money paid to prevent the disclosure of a discreditable matter 封口钱(为避免坏事被公开而给的钱)

hush puppy n. US  quickly fried maize bread [美]油炸玉米饼

husk /hʌsk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the dry outer covering of some fruits or seeds, esp. of a nut or N. Amer. maize 外壳；皮；[北美] (玉米的)苞叶 2  the worthless outside part of a thing (无价值的)外壳 ●v. tr.  remove a husk or husks from 去壳；去皮 [Middle English, probably from Low German hūske ‘sheath’, diminutive of hūs HOUSE]

husky1 /ˈhʌski/ adj. (huskier, huskiest)  1 (of a person or voice) dry in the throat; hoarse (指人或声音)喉咙发干的；嘶哑的 2  of or full of husks 有壳的；多壳的 3  dry as a husk 干燥的 4  tough, strong, hefty 强壮的，健壮的 □ huskily  adv.  □ huskiness  n.  

husky2 /ˈhʌski/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a dog of a powerful breed used in the Arctic for pulling sledges (在北极拉雪橇的)爱斯基摩犬 2  this breed 爱斯基摩犬种 [perhaps a contraction, related to ESKIMO]

huss /hʌs/ n.  dogfish as food 角鲨；猫鲨(可食用) [Middle English husk, of unknown origin]

hussar /hʊˈzɑ:/ n.  1  a soldier of a light cavalry regiment 轻骑兵 2  a Hungarian light horseman of the 15th c. (15 世纪时的)匈牙利轻骑兵 [Hungarian huszɑˊr via Old Serbian husar from Italian corsaro CORSAIR]

Hussite /ˈhʌsait/ n. hist.  a member or follower of the movement begun by John Huss, Bohemian religious and nationalist reformer d. 1415 [史义]胡斯运动成员；胡斯的拥护者(约翰·胡斯是捷克爱国者和宗教改革家，死于 1415 年) □ Hussitism  n.  

hussy /ˈhʌsi, ˈhʌzi/ n. (pl. -ies) derog.  an impudent or immoral girl or woman [贬]粗野的女子；轻佻的女子；荡妇 [phonetic reduction of HOUSEWIFE (the original sense)]

hustings /ˈhʌstiŋz/ n.  1  parliamentary election proceedings 议会选举程序 2 Brit. hist.  a platform from which (before 1872) candidates for Parliament were nominated and addressed electors [英史义] (1872 年前议会候选人被提名并向选举人发表讲演的)讲台 [late Old English husting from Old Norse hústhing ‘house of assembly’]

hustle /ˈhʌs(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  push roughly; jostle 推，挤 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 into, out of, etc.)  force, coerce, or deal with hurriedly or unceremoniously 强迫；硬逼，催促  hustled them out of the room  把他们从家中驱赶出去b (foll. by 后跟 into)  coerce hurriedly 逼迫  was hustled into agreeing  被迫同意 3 intr.  push one's way; hurry, bustle 推；挤 4 tr. colloq. [口]  a  obtain by forceful action (强行)取得b  swindle 骗取，诈取 5 intr. slang  engage in prostitution [俚语]卖淫，拉客 ●n.  1  an act or instance of hustling 推，挤 2 colloq.  a fraud or swindle [口]欺骗，诈骗 [Middle Dutch husselen ‘shake, toss’, frequentative of hutsen, originally imitative]

hustler /ˈhʌslə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  an active, enterprising, or unscrupulous individual 活跃分子；有进取心的人；寡廉鲜耻的人 2  a prostitute 妓女

hut /hʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small simple or crude house or shelter 简陋的小屋 2 Mil.  a temporary wooden etc. house for troops 【军】临时营地 ●v. (hutted, hutting)  1 tr.  provide with huts 提供小屋 2 tr. Mil.  place (troops etc.) in huts 【军】(在临时营房)宿营；驻扎(军队等) 3 intr.  lodge in a hut 住在小屋中 □ hut-like  adj.   [French hutte from Middle High German hütte]

hutch /hʌtʃ/ n.  1  a box or cage, usu. with a wire mesh front, for keeping small pet animals (养小宠物的)笼，舍 2 derog.  a small house [贬]小屋 [Middle English, = coffer, via Old French huche from medieval Latin hutica, of unknown origin]

hutment /ˈhʌtm(ə)nt/ n. Mil.  an encampment of huts 【军】临时营房

Hutu /ˈhu:tu:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 , Hutus, or Bahutu /bəˈhu:tu:/)  a member of a Bantu-speaking people forming the majority population in Rwanda and Burundi 胡图人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Hutu people 胡图人的 [Bantu]

HWM abbr. [缩略]  high water mark 

hwyl /ˈhu:il/ n. Brit.  an emotional quality inspiring impassioned eloquence [英] (可以激发雄辩口才的)炽热的感情 [Welsh]

Hy. abbr. [缩略] Henry 

hyacinth /ˈhaiəsinθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus with racemes of usu. purplish-blue, pink, or white bell-shaped fragrant flowers 风信子(球根状植物，通常开蓝紫色、粉色或白色的铃状花，成总状花序，有香味) 2  = GRAPE HYACINTH  3  the purplish-blue colour of the hyacinth flower 蓝紫色；青紫色 4  an orange variety of zircon used as a precious stone 红锆石 5 poet.  hair or locks like the hyacinth flower (as a Homeric epithet of doubtful sense) [诗] (风信子状的)头发(荷马用语，暗示怀疑) ●adj.  purplish blue 紫兰色的；青紫色 □ hyacinthine  /-ˈsinθi:n, -ˈsinθain/ adj.   [French hyacinthe via Latin hyacinthus from Greek huakinthos, flower and gem, also the name of a youth loved by Apollo]

Hyades /ˈhaiədi:z/ n. pl.  a group of stars in Taurus near the Pleiades, whose heliacal rising was once thought to foretell rain 毕星团(位于金牛座中的昴星团附近，古人认为它与太阳一起升起预示下雨) [Middle English from Greek Huades (by popular etymology from huō ‘rain’, but perhaps from hus ‘pig’)]

hyaena var.  of HYENA  HYENA 的变体

hyalin /ˈhaiəlin/ n. Anat. & Physiol.  a clear substance esp. produced as a result of the degeneration of certain body tissues Cf. 参见 HYALINE 【解】【生理】透明素；透明蛋白 [Greek hualos ‘glass’ + -IN]

hyaline /ˈhaiəlin, -i:n, -ain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  glasslike, vitreous, transparent 玻璃的；玻璃般的；透明的 2 Anat. & Zool.  characterized by the formation of hyaline material 【解】【动】透明素的 ●n.  1 literary  a smooth sea, clear sky, etc. [文学用语]平静的海；晴朗的天空 2 Anat. & Zool. 【解】【动】  = HYALIN  [Latin hyalinus from Greek hualinos, from hualos ‘glass’]

hyaline cartilage n.  a translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints and respiratory tract, and in the immature skeleton 透明软骨

hyalite /ˈhaiəlait/ n.  a colourless variety of opal 玻璃蛋白石 [Greek hualos ‘glass’]

hyaloid /ˈhaiəlɔid/ adj. Anat.  glassy 【解】透明的；玻璃般的 [French hyaloïde via Late Latin hyaloides from Greek hualoeidēs (as HYALITE)]

hyaloid membrane n.  a thin transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humour of the eye (眼球的)玻璃体膜

hyaluronic acid /ˌhaiəljʊəˈrɒnik/ n. Biochem.  a viscous fluid carbohydrate found in synovial fluid, the vitreous humour of the eye, etc. 【生化】透明质酸 [HYALOID + -uronic chemical suffix]

hybrid /ˈhaibrid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Biol.  the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties 【生】杂种，杂交种；混合种 2 offens.  a person of mixed racial or cultural origin [冒犯]混血儿；受两种不同文化熏陶的人 3  a thing composed of incongruous elements, e.g. a word with parts taken from different languages 混合物(如混合词) ●adj.  1  bred as a hybrid from different species or varieties 杂交的；混合的 2 Biol.  heterogeneous 【生】不同种类的，异类的 □ hybridism  n.  □ hybridity  /-ˈbriditi/ n.   [Latin hybrida, (h)ibrida ‘offpring of a tame sow and wild boar, child of a freeman and slave, etc.’]

hybridize /ˈhaibridaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  subject (a species etc.) to cross-breeding 使(物种等)杂交 2 intr.  a  produce hybrids 产生杂交品种b (of an animal or plant) interbreed (动物或植物)杂交 □ hybridizable  adj.  □ hybridization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

hybrid vigour n.  heterosis 杂交优势；异配优势

hydatid /ˈhaidətid/ n. Med. 【医】  1  a cyst containing watery fluid (esp. one formed by, and containing, a tapeworm larva) 包虫囊 2  a tapeworm larva 绦虫的幼虫 □ hydatidiform  /-ˈtidifɔ:m/ adj.   [modern Latin hydatis from Greek hudatis -idos ‘watery vesicle’, from hudōr hudatos ‘water’]

hydra /ˈhaidrə/ n.  1  a freshwater polyp of the genus Hydra with tubular body and tentacles around the mouth 水螅(淡水水螅属珊瑚虫，身体呈柱形，嘴周围有触须) 2  any water snake 水蛇 3  something which is hard to destroy 难以毁坏的东西；固疾 [Middle English via Latin from Greek hudra ‘water snake’, esp. a fabulous one with many heads that grew again when cut off]

hydrangea /haiˈdrein(d)ʒə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Hydrangea with large white, pink, or blue flowers 绣球花；绣球花属植物(灌木，开白色、粉色或蓝色大花) [modern Latin, from Greek hudōr ‘water’ + aggos ‘vessel’ (from the cup-shape of its seed capsule)]

hydrant /ˈhaidr(ə)nt/ n.  a pipe (esp. in a street) with a nozzle to which a hose can be attached for drawing water from the main (尤指街道上的)消防栓；消防龙头 [formed irregularly from HYDRO- + -ANT]

hydrate /ˈhaidreit/ n. & v. Chem. 【化】  ●n.  a compound of water combined with another compound or with an element 水合物 ●v. tr.  1  a  combine chemically with water 使成水合物b (as 作 hydrated adj.)  chemically bonded to water 与水结合 2  cause to absorb water 使水合 □ hydratable  adj.  □ hydration  /-ˈdreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ hydrator  n.   [French, from Greek hudōr ‘water’]

hydraulic /haiˈdrɔ:lik, -ˈdrɒl-/ adj.  1 (of water, oil, etc.) conveyed through pipes or channels usu. by pressure (水、石油等通过管道加压)输送的 2 (of a mechanism etc.) operated by liquid moving in this manner (机械装置等)液压的  hydraulic brakes  液压闸 hydraulic lift  液压升降梯 3  of or concerned with hydraulics 水力学的  hydraulic engineer  水利工程师 4  hardening under water 水硬的  hydraulic cement  水硬水泥 □ hydraulically  adv.  □ hydraulicity  /-ˈlisiti/ n.   [Latin hydraulicus from Greek hudraulikos, from hudōr ‘water’ + aulos ‘pipe’]

hydraulic press n.  a device in which the force applied to a fluid creates a pressure which when transmitted to a larger volume of fluid gives rise to a greater force 液压机；水压机

hydraulic ram n.  an automatic pump in which the kinetic energy of a descending column of water raises some of the water above its original level 水锤泵

hydraulics /haiˈdrɔ:liks, -ˈdrɒliks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of the conveyance of liquids through pipes etc. esp. as motive power 水力学

hydrazine /ˈhaidrəzi:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless alkaline liquid which is a powerful reducing agent and is used as a rocket propellant Chem. formula 化学分子式 : N2H4 【化】肼，联胺 [HYDROGEN + AZO- + -INE4]

hydride /ˈhaidraid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of hydrogen with an element, esp. with a metal 【化】氢化物

hydriodic acid /haidriˈɒdik, -aiˈɒdik/ n. Chem.  a strongly acidic solution of the colourless gas hydrogen iodide in water Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HI 【化】氢碘酸 [HYDROGEN + IODINE]

hydro /ˈhaidrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  a hotel or clinic etc. originally providing hydropathic treatment 有水疗设备的旅馆；水疗院 2  a hydroelectric power plant 水力发电站 [abbreviation]

hydro- /ˈhaidrəʊ/ comb. form (also hydr- before a vowel 元音前亦作 hydr-) [构词成分]  1  having to do with water (hydroelectric 水力发电的) 水的，与水有关的 2 Med.  affected with an accumulation of serous fluid (hydrocele 阴囊积水) 【医】积水的；水肿的 3 Chem.  combined with hydrogen (hydrochloric 含氢和氯的) 【化】含氢的，氢化的 [Greek hudro- from hudōr ‘water’]

hydrobromic acid /haidrə(ʊ)ˈbrəʊmik/ n. Chem.  a strongly acidic solution of the colourless gas hydrogen bromide in water Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HBr 【化】氢溴酸

hydrocarbon /haidrə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:b(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a compound of hydrogen and carbon 【化】烃，碳氢化合物

hydrocele /ˈhaidrə(ʊ)si:l/ n. Med.  the accumulation of serous fluid in a body sac 【医】阴囊积水；水囊肿

hydrocephalus /haidrəˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ n. Med.  an accumulation of fluid in the brain, esp. in young children, which makes the head enlarge and can cause mental handicap 【医】(尤指幼儿患的)脑水肿，脑积水 □ hydrocephalic  /-siˈfælik, -kiˈfælik/ adj.  

hydrochloric acid /haidrəˈklɔ:rik, -ˈklɒrik/ n. Chem.  a solution of the colourless gas hydrogen chloride in water Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HCl 【化】盐酸，氢氯酸

hydrochloride /haidrə(ʊ)ˈklɔ:raid/ n. Chem.  a compound of an organic base with hydrochloric acid 【化】氢氯化物

hydrocortisone /haidrə(ʊ)ˈkɔ:tizəʊn/ n. Biochem.  a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, used medicinally to treat inflammation and rheumatism 【生化】氢化可的松

hydrocyanic acid /haidrə(ʊ)saiˈænik/ n. Chem.  a highly poisonous volatile liquid with a characteristic odour of bitter almonds (also called 亦称作 prussic acid) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HCN 【化】氢氰酸

hydrodynamics /haidrə(ʊ)daiˈnæmiks/ n.  the science of forces acting on or exerted by fluids (esp. liquids) 流体动力学；水动力学 □ hydrodynamic  adj.  □ hydrodynamical  adj.  □ hydrodynamicist  /-sist/ n.   [modern Latin hydrodynamicus (as HYDRO-, DYNAMIC)]

hydroelectric /haidrəʊiˈlektrik/ adj.  1  generating electricity by utilization of water-power 水力发电的 2 (of electricity) generated in this way (指电)由水力产生的 □ hydroelectricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  

hydrofluoric acid /haidrə(ʊ)ˈflʊərik/ n. Chem.  a solution of the colourless liquid hydrogen fluoride in water Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HF 【化】氢氟酸

hydrofoil /ˈhaidrə(ʊ)fɔil/ n.  1  a boat equipped with a device consisting of planes for lifting its hull out of the water to increase its speed 水翼艇，水翼船 2  this device 水翼 [HYDRO-, on the pattern of AEROFOIL]

hydrogel /ˈhaidrə(ʊ)dʒel/ n.  a gel in which the liquid component is water 水凝胶 [HYDRO- + GEL]

hydrogen /ˈhaidrədʒ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a colourless gaseous element, without taste or odour, the lightest of the elements and occurring in water and all organic compounds (symbol 符 H) 【化】(化学元素)氢 □ hydrogenous  /-ˈdrɒdʒinəs/ adj.   [French hydrogène (as HYDRO-, -GEN)]

hydrogenase /haiˈdrɒdʒəneiz/ n. Biochem.  any enzyme that catalyses the reduction of a substrate by hydrogen, as in some micro-organisms 【生化】氢化酶

hydrogenate /haiˈdrɒdʒəneit, ˈhaidrədʒəneit/ v. tr.  charge with or cause to combine with hydrogen 使与氢化合；使氢化 □ hydrogenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

hydrogen bomb n.  an immensely powerful nuclear bomb utilizing the explosive fusion of hydrogen nuclei Also called 亦称作 H-bomb 氢弹

hydrogen bond n.  a weak electrostatic interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to a different electronegative atom 氢键

hydrogen peroxide n.  a colourless viscous unstable liquid with strong oxidizing properties Chem. formula 化学分子式 : H2O2 过氧化氢，双氧水

hydrogen sulphide n.  a colourless poisonous gas with a disagreeable smell, formed by rotting animal matter Chem. formula 化学分子式 : H2S 硫化氢

hydrogeology /haidrəʊdʒiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of geology dealing with underground and surface water 水文地质学 □ hydrogeological  /-dʒiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hydrogeologist  n.  

hydrography /haiˈdrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science of surveying and charting seas, lakes, rivers, etc. 水文地理学 □ hydrographer  n.  □ hydrographic  /haidrəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ hydrographical  /haidrəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hydrographically  /haidrəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

hydroid /ˈhaidrɔid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a hydrozoan coelenterate of the order Hydroida, in which the polyp phase is predominant, e.g. sea anemones, corals, hydras 螅形类；水螅(水螅目腔肠动物，珊瑚虫占主要地位，如海葵、珊瑚、水螅) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 水螅的；螅状的

hydrolase /ˈhaidrəleiz/ n. Biochem.  any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a substrate 【生化】水解酶

hydrology /haiˈdrɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the properties of the earth's water, esp. of its movement in relation to land 水文学(研究水的特性、尤指水的运动与土地之间的关系的科学) □ hydrologic  /haidrəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ hydrological  /haidrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hydrologically  /haidrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ hydrologist  n.  

hydrolyse /ˈhaidrəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 hydrolyze)  subject to or undergo the chemical action of water (使)水解

hydrolysis /haiˈdrɒlisis/ n.  the chemical reaction of a substance with water, usu. resulting in decomposition 水解(作用) □ hydrolytic  /haidrəˈlitik/ adj.  

hydromagnetic /haidrə(ʊ)mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  involving hydrodynamics and magnetism; magnetohydrodynamic 水磁的；磁流体动力的

hydromania /haidrəˈmeiniə/ n.  a craving for water 嗜水

hydromechanics /haidrə(ʊ)miˈkæniks/ n.  the mechanics of liquids; hydrodynamics 流体力学

hydrometer /haiˈdrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the density of liquids 液体比重计 □ hydrometric  /haidrəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ hydrometry  n.  

hydronium ion /haiˈdrəʊniəm/ n. Chem. 【化】  = HYDROXONIUM ION  [contraction]

hydropathy /haiˈdrɒpəθi/ n.  the treatment of disorders by external and internal application of water 水疗法 □ hydropathic  /haidrəˈpæθik/ adj.  □ hydropathist  n.   [HYDRO-, on the pattern of HOMOEOPATHY etc.]

hydrophil /ˈhaidrəfil/ adj. (also 亦作 hydrophile /-fail/)  = HYDROPHILIC  [as HYDROPHILIC]

hydrophilic /haidrə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj.  1  having an affinity for water 吸水的；收湿的 2  readily mixing with or wetted by water 亲水的；喜水的 [HYDRO- + Greek philos ‘loving’]

hydrophobia /haidrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  1  a morbid aversion to water, esp. as a symptom of rabies in humans 恐水症，畏水症(尤指人患狂犬病的症状) 2  rabies, esp. in humans (尤指人患的)狂犬病 [Late Latin from Greek hudrophobia (as HYDRO-, -PHOBIA)]

hydrophobic /haidrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbik/ adj.  1  of or suffering from hydrophobia 恐水病的 2  a  lacking an affinity for water 恐水的，畏水的b  not readily wettable 憎水的；疏水的

hydrophone /ˈhaidrəfəʊn/ n.  a microphone for the detection of sound waves in water 水听器，水下测音器；漏水检查器

hydrophyte /ˈhaidrəfait/ n.  an aquatic plant, or a plant which needs much moisture 水生植物；湿生植物

hydroplane /ˈhaidrəplein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light fast motor boat designed to skim over the surface of water 水上滑艇 2  a finlike attachment which enables a submarine to rise and fall in water 水翼；潜水舵 ●v. intr.  1 (of a boat) skim over the surface of water with its hull lifted (指船)水上滑行；掠过水面 2  = AQUAPLANEv. 2 

hydroponics /haidrə(ʊ)ˈpɒniks/ n.  the process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, without soil and with added nutrients 水栽培；营养液栽培；溶液栽培 □ hydroponic  adj.  □ hydroponically  adv.   [HYDRO- + Greek ponos ‘labour’]

hydroquinone /haidrəˈkwinəʊn/ n.  a substance formed by the reduction of benzoquinone, used as a photographic developer 对苯二酚

hydrosphere /ˈhaidrəsfiə/ n.  the waters of the earth's surface (地球表面的)水圈；水界

hydrostatic /haidrə(ʊ)ˈstætik/ adj.  of the equilibrium of liquids and the pressure exerted by liquid at rest 流体静力学的 □ hydrostatical  adj.  □ hydrostatically  adv.   [probably from Greek hudrostatēs ‘hydrostatic balance’ (as HYDRO-, STATIC)]

hydrostatic press n.  = HYDRAULIC PRESS 

hydrostatics /haidrə(ʊ)ˈstætiks/ n.  the branch of mechanics concerned with the hydrostatic properties of liquids 流体静力学

hydrotherapy /haidrə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the use of water in the treatment of disorders, usu. exercises in swimming pools for arthritic or partially paralysed patients 水疗法(用水治病，通常让关节炎或半瘫痪病人在游泳池中活动) □ hydrotherapist  n.  

hydrothermal /haidrə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  of the action of heated water on the earth's crust 热液的 □ hydrothermally  adv.  

hydrothorax /haidrə(ʊ)ˈθɔ:ræks/ n.  the condition of having fluid in the pleural cavity 水胸；胸膜积水

hydrotropism /haiˈdrɒtrəpiz(ə)m/ adj.  a tendency of plant roots etc. to turn to or from moisture 向水性；背水性

hydrous /ˈhaidrəs/ adj. Chem. & Mineral.  containing water 【化】【矿】水合的，水化的 [Greek hudōr hudro- ‘water’]

hydroxide /haiˈdrɒksaid/ n. Chem.  a metallic compound containing oxygen and hydrogen either in the form of the hydroxide ion (OH-) or the hydroxyl group (-OH) 【化】氢氧化物

hydroxonium ion /haidrɒkˈsəʊniəm/ n. Chem.  the hydrated hydrogen ion, H3O+ 【化】水合氢离子 [HYDRO- + OXY-2 + -onium]

hydroxy- /haiˈdrɒksi/ comb. form Chem.  having a hydroxide ion (or ions) or a hydroxyl group (or groups) (hydroxybenzoic acid 羟基苯酸) [构词成分]【化】羟基的 [HYDROGEN + OXYGEN]

hydroxyl /haiˈdrɒksil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent group containing hydrogen and oxygen, as -OH 【化】羟基 [HYDROGEN + OXYGEN + -YL]

hydrozoan /haidrə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any aquatic coelenterate of the class Hydrozoa of mainly marine forms that are often colonial and have both polyp and medusoid phases, including hydras and Portuguese men-of-war 水螅虫类的虫 ●adj.  of or relating to this class 水螅虫的；水螅纲的 [modern Latin Hydrozoa (as HYDRA, Greek zōion ‘animal’)]

hyena /haiˈi:nə/ n. (also 亦作 hyaena)  any flesh-eating mammal of the family Hyaenidae, with hind limbs shorter than forelimbs 土狼；鬣狗(食肉哺乳动物，后肢比前肢短) [Middle English via Old French hyene & Latin hyaena from Greek huaina, fem. of hus ‘pig’]

hygiene /ˈhaidʒi:n/ n.  1  a  a study, or set of principles, of maintaining health 保健学b  conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health 卫生 2  sanitary science 卫生学 [French hygiène via modern Latin hygieina from Greek hugieinē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of health’, from hugiēs ‘healthy’]

hygienic /haiˈdʒi:nik/ adj.  conducive to hygiene; clean and sanitary 卫生的；保健的 □ hygienically  adv.  

hygienics /haiˈdʒi:niks/ n.  = HYGIENE 1a 

hygienist /ˈhaidʒi:nist/ n.  a specialist in the promotion and practice of cleanliness for the preservation of health 卫生学者；保健专家

hygro- /ˈhaiɡrəʊ/ comb. form  moisture [构词成分]潮湿；湿气 [Greek hugro- from hugros ‘wet, moist’]

hygrology /haiˈɡrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the humidity of the atmosphere etc. 湿度学

hygrometer /haiˈɡrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the humidity of the air or a gas 湿度计 □ hygrometric  /haiɡrəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ hygrometry  n.  

hygrophilous /haiˈɡrɒfiləs/ adj. (of a plant) growing in a moist environment (指植物)生长在潮湿环境中的；喜湿的

hygrophyte /ˈhaiɡrəfait/ n.  = HYDROPHYTE 

hygroscope /ˈhaiɡrə(ʊ)skəʊp/ n.  an instrument which indicates but does not measure the humidity of the air 湿度器

hygroscopic /haiɡrə(ʊ)ˈskɒpik/ adj.  1  of the hygroscope 湿度器的 2 (of a substance) tending to absorb moisture from the air (物质)吸湿的；收湿的 □ hygroscopically  adv.  

hying pres. part.  of HIE  

hylic /ˈhailik/ adj.  of matter; material 物质的；实质的 [Late Latin hylicus from Greek hulikos, from hulē ‘matter’]

hylo- /ˈhailəʊ/ comb. form  matter [构词成分]物质 [Greek hulo- from hulē ‘matter’]

hylomorphism /hailə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  the theory that physical objects are composed of matter and form 形式质料说(认为物质和形式是万物的本源) [HYLO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

hylozoism /hailə(ʊ)ˈzəʊiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that all matter has life 物活论，万物有生命论 [HYLO- + Greek zōē ‘life’]

hymen /ˈhaimen/ n. Anat.  a membrane which partially closes the opening of the vagina and is usu. broken at the first occurrence of sexual intercourse 【解】处女膜(阴道入口处的一层薄膜，通常在第一次性交时会破裂) □ hymenal  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek humēn ‘membrane’]

hymeneal /haimiˈni:əl/ adj. literary  of or concerning marriage [文学用语]婚姻的 [Hymen (Latin from Greek Humēn) the name of the Greek and Roman god of marriage]

hymenium /haiˈmi:niəm/ n. (pl. hymenia /-niə/)  the spore-bearing surface of certain fungi 子实层 [modern Latin from Greek humenion, diminutive of humēn ‘membrane’]

hymenopteran /haiməˈnɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any insect of the order Hymenoptera having four transparent wings, including bees, wasps, and ants 膜翅目昆虫(有 4 个透明的翅膀，如蜜蜂、黄蜂和蚂蚁) □ hymenopterous  adj.   [modern Latin hymenoptera from Greek humenopteros ‘membrane-winged’ (as HYMEN, pteron ‘wing’)]

hymn /him/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a song of praise, esp. to God in Christian worship, usu. a metrical composition sung in a religious service 赞美诗 2  a song of praise in honour of a god or other exalted being or thing 圣歌；赞歌 ●v.  1 tr.  praise or celebrate in hymns 唱赞美诗赞扬；唱圣歌给 2 intr.  sing hymns 唱赞美诗；唱圣歌 □ hymnic  /ˈhimnik/ adj.   [Middle English ymne etc. via Old French ymne and Latin hymnus from Greek humnos]

hymnal /ˈhimn(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a hymn-book 赞美诗集 ●adj.  of hymns 赞美诗的 [Middle English from medieval Latin hymnale (as HYMN)]

hymnary /ˈhimnəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a hymn-book 赞美诗集

hymn book n.  a book of hymns 赞美诗集

hymnody /ˈhimnədi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the singing of hymns 赞美诗的颂唱b  the composition of hymns 赞美诗写作 2  hymns collectively 赞美诗(总称) □ hymnodist  n.   [medieval Latin hymnodia from Greek humnōidia, from humnos ‘hymn’: cf. PSALMODY]

hymnographer /himˈnɒɡrəfə/ n.  a writer of hymns 赞美诗作者 □ hymnography  n.   [Greek humnographos from humnos ‘hymn’]

hymnology /himˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the composition or study of hymns 赞美诗写作，赞美诗研究 2  hymns collectively 赞美诗(总称) □ hymnologist  n.  

hyoid /ˈhaiɔid/ n. & adj. Anat. 【解】  ●n. (in full 全称 hyoid bone)  a U-shaped bone in the neck which supports the tongue 舌骨 ●adj.  of or relating to this 舌骨的 [French hyoïde via modern Latin hyoïdes from Greek huoeidēs ‘shaped like the letter upsilon’ (hu)]

hyoscine /ˈhaiəsi:n/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid found in plants of the nightshade family, esp. of the genus Scopolia, and used as an antiemetic in motion sickness and a preoperative medication for examination of the eye Also called 亦称作 scopolamine 东莨菪碱，天仙子碱(一种有毒的生物碱，从茄属植物萃取而得，可作治疗晕动病的止吐药和眼科检查的术前药物) [HYOSCYAMINE]

hyoscyamine /haiə(ʊ)ˈsaiəmi:n/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid obtained from henbane, having similar properties to hyoscine 天仙子胺(其特性与天仙子碱相似) [modern Latin hyoscyamus from Greek huoskuamos ‘henbane’, from hus huos ‘pig’ + kuamos ‘bean’]

hypaesthesia /haipi:sˈθi:zjə, -pes-/ n. (US [美] hypesthesia)  a diminished capacity for sensation, esp. of the skin (尤指皮肤)感觉减退；感觉迟钝 □ hypaesthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [modern Latin (as HYPO-, Greek -aisthēsia from aisthanomai ‘perceive’)]

hypaethral /haiˈpi:θr(ə)l, hi-/ adj. (also 亦作 hypethral)  1  open to the sky; roofless 露天的；户外的；无屋顶的 2 literary  open-air [文学用语]露天的；户外的 [Latin hypaethrus from Greek hupaithros (as HYPO-, aithēr ‘air’)]

hypallage /haiˈpælədʒi:, hi-/ n. Rhet.  the transposition of the natural relations of two elements in a proposition (e.g. 如 Melissa shook her doubtful curls 梅利莎摇了摇她充满怀疑的卷发) 【修】换置法(调换两个成分之间的自然关系) [Late Latin from Greek hupallagē (as HYPO-, allassō ‘exchange’)]

hype1 /haip/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  extravagant or intensive publicity promotion 大肆的宣传 2  cheating; a trick 欺骗；骗局 ●v. tr.  1  promote (a product) with extravagant publicity 大肆宣传(产品)；为(产品)做广告 2  cheat, trick 欺骗；耍花招 [20th c.: origin unknown]

hype2 /haip/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a drug addict 瘾君子 2  a hypodermic needle or injection 皮下注射针头；皮下注射 □ hyped up   stimulated by or as if by a hypodermic injection 兴奋的；来了精神的 [abbreviation of HYPODERMIC]

hyper /ˈhaipə/ adj. slang  hyperactive, highly strung; extraordinarily energetic [俚语]亢奋的；高度紧张的；躁狂的

hyper- /ˈhaipə/ prefix meaning 表示 :  1  over, beyond, above (hyperphysical 超物质的) 多于，超出，高于 2  exceeding (hypersonic 高超音速的) 超出 3  excessively; above normal (hyperbole 夸张法 ; hypersensitive 过敏的 ; hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀) 过度；超出一般地 [Greek huper ‘over, beyond’]

hyperactive /haipərˈæktiv/ adj. (of a person, esp. a child) abnormally active (指人，尤指孩子)异常活跃的；活动亢进的 □ hyperactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

hyperaemia /haipərˈi:miə/ n. (US [美] hyperemia)  an excessive quantity of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body 充血 □ hyperaemic  adj.   [modern Latin (as HYPER-, -AEMIA)]

hyperaesthesia /haipəri:sˈθi:zjə, -esˈθi:-/ n. (US [美] hyperesthesia)  an excessive physical sensibility, esp. of the skin (尤指皮肤)感觉过敏 □ hyperaesthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [modern Latin (as HYPER-, Greek -aisthēsia from aisthanomai ‘perceive’)]

hyperbaric /haipəˈbærik/ adj. (of a gas) at a pressure greater than normal (指气体)高气压的 [HYPER- + Greek barus ‘heavy’]

hyperbaton /haiˈpɜ:bətɒn/ n. Rhet.  the inversion of the normal order of words, esp. for the sake of emphasis (e.g. 如 this I must see 这个，我是必须看的) 【修】倒装法(尤指为了强调) [Latin from Greek huperbaton (as HYPER-, bainō ‘go’)]

hyperbola /haiˈpɜ:bələ/ n. (pl. hyperbolas or hyperbolae /-li:/) Geom.  the plane curve of two equal branches, produced when a cone is cut by a plane that makes a larger angle with the base than the side of the cone (cf. 参见 ELLIPSE) 【几】双曲线 [modern Latin from Greek huperbolē ‘excess’ (as HYPER-, ballō ‘to throw’)]

hyperbole /haiˈpɜ:bəli/ n. Rhet.  an exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally 【修】夸张法 □ hyperbolical  /-ˈbɒlik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hyperbolically  /-ˈbɒlik(ə)li/ adv.  □ hyperbolism  n.   [Latin (as HYPERBOLA)]

hyperbolic /haipəˈbɒlik/ adj.  1 Geom.  of or relating to a hyperbola 【几】双曲线的 2 Math. (of a function, e.g. cosine) having the same relation to a rectangular hyperbola as the trigonometric functions do to a circle 【数】双曲线函数的(如余弦)

hyperboloid /haiˈpɜ:bəlɔid/ n. Geom.  a solid or surface having plane sections that are hyperbolas, ellipses, or circles 【几】双曲面 □ hyperboloidal  adj.  

hyperborean /haipəbɔ:ˈri:ən, -ˈbɔ:riən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an inhabitant of the extreme north of the earth 住在极北地区的人；北国人 2 (作 Hyperborean) (in Greek mythology) a member of a race worshipping Apollo and living in a land of sunshine and plenty beyond the north wind (希腊神话)极北乐土民族的人 ●adj.  of the extreme north of the earth 极北的；北极的 [Late Latin hyperboreanus via Latin hyperboreus from Greek huperboreos (as HYPER-, Boreas, the name of the god of the north wind)]

hypercholesterolaemia /ˌhaipəkəˌlestərɒˈli:miə/ n.  an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream 血胆甾醇过高，血胆甾醇血 [HYPER- + CHOLESTEROL + -AEMIA]

hyperconscious /haipəˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  acutely or excessively aware 有高度自觉意识的；过于敏感的

hypercritical /haipəˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  excessively critical, esp. of small faults (尤指对小错误)吹毛求疵的；过于苛刻的 □ hypercritically  adv.  

hypercube /ˈhaipəkju:b/ n.  a geometrical figure in four or more dimensions, analogous to a cube in three dimensions 超正方体

hyperemia US var.  of HYPERAEMIA [美] HYPERAEMIA 的变体

hyperesthesia US var.  of HYPERAESTHESIA [美] HYPERAESTHESIA 的变体

hyperfocal distance /haipəˈfəʊk(ə)l/ n.  the distance on which a camera lens can be focused to bring the maximum range of object-distances into focus 超焦距

hypergamy /haiˈpɜ:ɡəmi/ n.  marriage to a person of equal or superior caste or class 高攀婚姻(与和自己地位相同的，或比自己地位高的上等阶层的人士结婚) [HYPER- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

hyperglycaemia /haipəɡlaiˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] hyperglycemia)  an excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus 高血糖(常与糖尿病相关) □ hyperglycaemic  adj.   [HYPER- + GLYCO- + -AEMIA]

hypergolic /haipəˈɡɒlik/ adj. (of a rocket propellant) igniting spontaneously on contact with an oxidant etc. (火箭推动器)自燃的；自发火的 [German Hypergol (perhaps as HYPO-, ERG1, -OL1)]

hypericum /haiˈperikəm/ n.  any shrub of the genus Hypericum with five-petalled yellow flowers Also called 亦称作 ST JOHN'S WORT 金丝桃属植物(开五瓣黄花) [Latin from Greek hupereikon (as HYPER-, ereikē ‘heath’)]

hyperinflation /haipərinˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  monetary inflation at a very high rate 极度通货膨胀

hyperkinesis /haipəkiˈni:sis, -kai-/ n. (also 亦作 hyperkinesia /-kiˈni:ziə, -kai-/) Med. 【医】  1  muscle spasm 肌肉痉挛 2  a disorder of children marked by hyperactivity and inability to attend 儿童多动症 □ hyperkinetic  /-ˈnetik/ adj.   [HYPER- + Greek kinēsis ‘motion’]

hypermarket /ˈhaipəmɑ:kit/ n. Brit.  a very large self-service store with a wide range of goods and extensive car-parking facilities, usu. outside a town [英] (通常设在城外的)超大型自助商店 [translation of French hypermarché (as HYPER-, MARKET)]

hypermedia /haipəˈmi:diə/ n.  = MULTIMEDIAn.  [HYPER- + MEDIA1]

hypermetropia /haipəmiˈtrəʊpiə/ n.  the condition of having long sight 远视 □ hypermetropic  /-ˈtrɒpik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from HYPER- + Greek metron ‘measure’, ōps ‘eye’]

hypernym /ˈhaipənim/ n.  a word of general meaning applicable to more specific, related words; a superordinate (e.g. 如 insect is a hypernym of bee and wasp 昆虫是蜜蜂和黄蜂的上义词) 上义词

hyperon /ˈhaip(ə)rɒn/ n. Physics  an unstable subatomic particle classified as a baryon, heavier than the neutron and proton 【物理学】超子 [HYPER- + -ON]

hyperopia /haipərˈəʊpiə/ n.  = HYPERMETROPIA  □ hyperopic  /-ˈɒpik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from HYPER- + Greek ōps ‘eye’]

hyperphysical /haipəˈfizik(ə)l/ adj.  supernatural 超自然的；超物质的 □ hyperphysically  adv.  

hyperplasia /haipəˈpleiziə/ n.  the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increased production of cells 增生；增殖 [HYPER- + Greek plasis ‘formation’]

hypersensitive /haipəˈsensitiv/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  abnormally or excessively sensitive in character or reaction 非常敏感的；过度敏感的 □ hypersensitiveness  n.  □ hypersensitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

hypersonic /haipəˈsɒnik/ adj.  1  relating to speeds of more than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) 高超音速 (5 马赫以上)的 2  relating to sound frequencies above about a thousand million hertz 特超声的(声频超过 1,000 兆赫以上) □ hypersonically  adv.   [HYPER-, on the pattern of SUPERSONIC, ULTRASONIC]

hyperspace /ˈhaipəspeis/ n.  space of more than three dimensions, esp. (in science fiction) a notional space-time continuum in which motion and communication at speeds greater than that of light are supposedly possible 超空间；多维空间

hypersthene /ˈhaipəsθi:n/ n.  a rock-forming mineral, magnesium iron silicate, of greenish colour 紫苏辉石 [French hyperstène (as HYPER-, Greek sthenos ‘strength’, from its being harder than hornblende)]

hypertension /haipəˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  abnormally high blood pressure 高血压 2  a state of great emotional tension 情绪过度紧张 □ hypertensive  /-siv/ adj.  

hypertext /ˈhaipətekst/ n. Computing  a software system allowing extensive cross-referencing between related sections of text and associated graphic material 【计算】超文本

hyperthermia /haipəˈθɜ:miə/ n. Med.  the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal 【医】高热；体温过高 □ hyperthermic  adj.   [HYPER- + Greek thermē ‘heat’]

hyperthyroidism /haipəˈθairɔidiz(ə)m/ n. Med.  overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism 【医】甲状腺功能亢进 □ hyperthyroid  adj.  □ hyperthyroidic  adj.  

hypertonic /haipəˈtɒnik/ adj.  1 (of muscles) having high tension (肌肉)张力亢进的 2 (of a solution) having a greater osmotic pressure than another solution (溶液)高渗的 □ hypertonia  /-ˈtəʊniə/ n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ hypertonicity  /-təˈnisiti/ n.  

hypertrophy /haiˈpɜ:trəfi/ n.  the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells 肥大；过度生长 □ hypertrophic  /haipəˈtrɒfik/ adj.  □ hypertrophied  adj.   [modern Latin hypertrophia (as HYPER-, Greek -trophia ‘nourishment’)]

hyperventilation /ˌhaipəventiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  breathing at an abnormally rapid rate, resulting in an increased loss of carbon dioxide 换气过度；强力呼吸 □ hyperventilate  v. intr.  

hypethral var.  of HYPAETHRAL  HYPAETHRAL 的变体

hypha /ˈhaifə/ n. (pl. hyphae /-fi:/)  a filament in the mycelium of a fungus 菌丝 □ hyphal  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek huphē ‘web’]

hyphen /ˈhaif(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  the sign (-) used to join words semantically or syntactically (as in pick-me-up, rock-forming), to indicate the division of a word at the end of a line, or to indicate a missing or implied element (as in man- and womankind) 连字符号 (-) (用来连接词组，如 pick-me-up, rock-forming; 表示一个词在行末分成两处或表示失去的或隐含的成分，如在 man- and woman-kind 中) ●v. tr.  1  write (a compound word) with a hyphen 用连字符写(合成词) 2  join (words) with a hyphen 用连字符连接(词) [Late Latin from Greek huphen ‘together’, from hupo ‘under’ + hen ‘one’]

hyphenate /ˈhaifəneit/ v. tr.  = HYPHENv.  □ hyphenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

hypno- /ˈhipnəʊ/ comb. form  sleep, hypnosis [构词成分]睡眠；催眠 [Greek hupnos ‘sleep’]

hypnogenesis /hipnəʊˈdʒenisis/ n.  the induction of a hypnotic state 催眠

hypnology /hipˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the phenomena of sleep 催眠学 □ hypnologist  n.  

hypnopaedia /hipnəʊˈpi:diə/ n. (US [美] hypnopedia)  learning by hearing while asleep 睡眠中学习(通过睡眠中听讲学习)

hypnosis /hipˈnəʊsis/ n.  1  a state like sleep in which the subject acts only on external suggestion 催眠状态 2  artificially produced sleep 催眠 [modern Latin, from Greek hupnos ‘sleep’ + -OSIS]

hypnotherapy /hipnə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of disease by hypnosis 催眠疗法 □ hypnotherapist  n.  

hypnotic /hipˈnɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or producing hypnosis 睡眠的；催眠的 2 (of a drug) soporific (药物)安眠的 ●n.  1  a thing, esp. a drug, that produces sleep 催眠物(尤指催眠药) 2  a person under or open to the influence of hypnotism (易)受催眠的人 □ hypnotically  adv.   [French hypnotique via Late Latin hypnoticus from Greek hupnōtikos, from hupnoō ‘put to sleep’]

hypnotism /ˈhipnətiz(ə)m/ n.  the study or practice of hypnosis 催眠术；催眠 □ hypnotist  n.  

hypnotize /ˈhipnətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  produce hypnosis in 施催眠术；使进入催眠状态 2  fascinate; capture the mind of (a person) 使着迷；使恍惚；摆布 □ hypnotizable  adj.  

hypo1 /ˈhaipəʊ/ n. Photog.  the chemical sodium thiosulphate (incorrectly called hyposulphite) used as a photographic fixer 【摄】海波(硫代硫酸钠，用作定影药剂) [abbreviation]

hypo2 /ˈhaipəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  = HYPODERMICn.  [abbreviation]

hypo3 /ˈhaipəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  an attack of hyperglycaemia [口]高血糖症 [abbreviation]

hypo- /ˈhaipəʊ/ prefix (before a vowel or h usu.hyp- 在元音或字母 h 前通常作 hyp-)  1  under (hypodermic 皮下的) 在…下 2  below normal (hypoxia 缺氧症) 低于(正常) 3  slightly (hypomania 轻度狂躁) 有些 4 Chem.  containing an element combined in low valence (hypochlorous 次氯酸) 【化】次，低 [Greek from hupo ‘under’]

hypo-allergenic /ˌhaipəʊæləˈdʒenik/ adj.  having little tendency, or a specially reduced tendency, to cause an allergic reaction 低变应原的

hypoblast /ˈhaipə(ʊ)blæst/ n. Biol. 【生】  = ENDODERM  [modern Latin hypoblastus (as HYPO-, -BLAST)]

hypocaust /ˈhaipə(ʊ)kɔ:st/ n.  a hollow space under the floor in ancient Roman houses, into which hot air was sent for heating a room or bath 火炕式供暖(系统) (古罗马房屋中地板下的空间，送入热空气供暖) [Latin hypocaustum from Greek hupokauston ‘place heated from below’ (as HYPO-, kaiō, kau- ‘burn’)]

hypochlorite /haipə(ʊ)ˈklɔ:rait/ n. Chem.  a salt of hypochlorous acid 【化】次氯酸盐

hypochlorous acid /haipə(ʊ)ˈklɔ:rəs/ n. Chem.  an unstable acid existing only in dilute solution and used in bleaching and water treatment Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HOCl 【化】次氯酸 [HYPO- + CHLORINE + -OUS]

hypochondria /haipə(ʊ)ˈkɒndriə/ n.  1  abnormal anxiety about one's health 疑病症 2  morbid depression without real cause (无缘无故的)忧郁；意志消沉 [Late Latin from Greek hupokhondria, the soft parts of the body below the ribs, where melancholy was thought to arise (as HYPO-, khondros ‘sternal cartilage’)]

hypochondriac /haipə(ʊ)ˈkɒndriæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person suffering from hypochondria 疑病症患者；忧郁症患者 ●adj. (also 亦作 hypochondriacal /-ˈdraiək(ə)l/)  of or affected by hypochondria 疑病症的，患疑病症的；忧郁症的，得忧郁症的 [French hypocondriaque from Greek hupokhondriakos (as HYPOCHONDRIA)]

hypocoristic /haipə(ʊ)kəˈristik/ adj. Gram.  of the nature of a pet name 【语法】爱称的；昵称的 [Greek hupokoristikos from hupokorizomai ‘call by pet names’]

hypocotyl /haipəˈkɒtil/ n. Bot.  the part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed-leaves or cotyledons and directly above the root 【植】下胚轴

hypocrisy /hiˈpɒkrisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the assumption or postulation of moral standards to which one's own behaviour does not conform; dissimulation, pretence 伪善；虚伪；矫饰 2  an instance of this 伪善的行为 [Middle English via Old French ypocrisie and ecclesiastical Latin hypocrisis from Greek hupokrisis ‘acting of a part, pretence’ (as HYPO-, krinō ‘decide, judge’)]

hypocrite /ˈhipəkrit/ n.  a person given to hypocrisy 伪善者；伪君子 □ hypocritical  /-ˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  □ hypocritically  /-ˈkritik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French ypocrite and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek hupokritēs ‘actor’ (as HYPOCRISY)]

hypocycloid /haipə(ʊ)ˈsaiklɔid/ n. Math.  the curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling on the interior of another circle 【数】圆内旋轮线，内摆线 □ hypocycloidal  /-ˈklɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

hypodermic /haipə(ʊ)ˈdɜ:mik/ adj. & n. ●adj. Med. 【医】  1  of or relating to the area beneath the skin 皮下的 2  a (of a drug etc. or its application) injected beneath the skin (指毒品等)皮下注射的b (of a needle, syringe, etc.) used to do this (指针头、注射器等)皮下注射用的 ●n.  a hypodermic injection or syringe 皮下注射针头；皮下注射器 □ hypodermically  adv.   [HYPO- + Greek derma ‘skin’]

hypogastrium /haipə(ʊ)ˈɡæstriəm/ n. (pl. hypogastria /-striə/)  the part of the central abdomen which is situated below the region of the stomach 腹下部；下腹中部 □ hypogastric  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek hupogastrion (as HYPO-, gastēr ‘belly’)]

hypogeal /haipə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:əl/ adj.  1 esp. Biol. (existing or growing) underground (尤)【生】地下的，地表下面的 2 Bot. (of seed germination) with the seed-leaves remaining below the ground 【植】地下生的；(子叶)留土的 [Late Latin hypogeus from Greek hupogeios (as HYPO-, gē ‘earth’)]

hypogene /ˈhaipədʒi:n/ adj. Geol.  produced under the surface of the earth 【地质】地面下形成的；深成的 [HYPO- + Greek gen- ‘produce’]

hypogeum /haipə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:əm/ n. (pl. hypogea /-ˈdʒi:ə/)  an underground chamber 地下室；地窖 [Latin from Greek hupogeion, neut. of hupogeios: see HYPOGEAL]

hypoglycaemia /haipəʊɡlaiˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] hypoglycemia)  a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream 低血糖 □ hypoglycaemic  adj.   [HYPO- + GLYCO- + -AEMIA]

hypoid /ˈhaipɔid/ n.  a gear with the pinion offset from the centre line of the wheel, to connect non-intersecting shafts 准双曲面齿轮 [perhaps from HYPERBOLOID]

hypolimnion /haipə(ʊ)ˈlimniən/ n. (pl. hypolimnia /-niə/)  the lower layer of water in stratified lakes 下层滞水带；均温层 [HYPO- + Greek limnion, diminutive of limnē ‘lake’]

hypomania /haipə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  a minor form of mania 轻度躁狂 □ hypomanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.   [modern Latin from German Hypomanie (as HYPO-, MANIA)]

hyponasty /ˈhaipə(ʊ)næsti/ n. Bot.  the tendency in plant organs for growth to be more rapid on the underside 【植】偏下性 □ hyponastic  /-ˈnæstik/ adj.   [HYPO- + Greek nastos ‘pressed’]

hyponym /ˈhaipə(ʊ)nim/ n.  a word of more specific meaning than a general or superordinate term applicable to it (e.g. 如 spoon is a hyponym of cutlery 汤匙是餐具的下义词) 下义词，下位词 □ hyponymy  /haiˈpɒnimi/ n.  

hypophysis /haiˈpɒfisis/ n. (pl. hypophyses /-si:z/) Anat. 【解】  = pituitary gland (see 见 PITUITARY)  □ hypophyseal  /haipə(ʊ)ˈfiziəl/ adj. (also 亦作 -physial)   [modern Latin from Greek hupophusis ‘offshoot’ (as HYPO-, phusis ‘growth’)]

hypostasis /haiˈpɒstəsis/ n. (pl. hypostases /-si:z/)  1 Med.  an accumulation of fluid or blood in the lower parts of the body or organs under the influence of gravity, in cases of poor circulation 【医】(液体或血液)坠积 2 Metaphysics  an underlying substance, as opposed to attributes or to that which is unsubstantial 【玄学】本质；实质；根本 3  in Christian theology 基督教教义中 :a  the person of Christ, combining human and divine natures 基督位格(人神合一)b  each of the three persons of the Trinity 三位一体中的一位 [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek hupostasis (as HYPO-, STASIS ‘standing, state’)]

hypostasize /haiˈpɒstəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Brit.  make into or represent as a substance or concrete reality; embody, personify [英]将…视为实体；把…当作实体；使实体化；使具体化

hypostatic /haipə(ʊ)ˈstætik/ adj. (also 亦作 hypostatical) (in Christian theology) relating to the three persons of the Trinity (基督教教义)三位一体中位格的；神性的

hypostatic union n.  the divine and human natures in Christ 基督的位格合一

hypostatize /haiˈpɒstətaiz/ v. tr. N. Amer. [北美]  = HYPOSTASIZE 

hypostyle /ˈhaipə(ʊ)stail/ adj. Archit.  having a roof supported by pillars 【建】多柱式的 [Greek hupostulos (as HYPO-, STYLE)]

hypotaxis /haipə(ʊ)ˈtæksis/ n. Gram.  the subordination of one clause to another 【语法】从属关系；主从结构 □ hypotactic  /-ˈtæktik/ adj.   [Greek hupotaxis (as HYPO-, taxis ‘arrangement’)]

hypotension /haipə(ʊ)ˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  abnormally low blood pressure 低血压 □ hypotensive  adj.  

hypotenuse /haiˈpɒtinju:z, -s/ n.  the side opposite the right angle of a right-angled triangle (直角三角形的)斜边，弦 [Latin hypotenusa from Greek hupoteinousa (grammē) ‘subtending (line)’, fem. part. of hupoteinō (as HYPO-, teinō ‘stretch’)]

hypothalamus /haipə(ʊ)ˈθæləməs/ n. (pl. -mi /-mai/) Anat.  the region of the brain which controls body temperature, thirst, hunger, etc. 【解】丘脑下部，下丘脑 □ hypothalamic  adj.   [modern Latin, formed as HYPO-, THALAMUS]

hypothec /haiˈpɒθik, ˈhai-/ n. (in Roman and Scottish law) a right established by law over property belonging to a debtor (罗马法律和苏格兰法律)抵押权；质权 □ hypothecary  /haiˈpɒθik(ə)ri/ adj.   [French hypothèque via Late Latin hypotheca from Greek hupothēkē ‘deposit’ (as HYPO-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

hypothecate /haiˈpɒθikeit/ v. tr.  pledge, mortgage 担保；抵押 □ hypothecation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin hypothecare (as HYPOTHEC)]

hypothermia /haipə(ʊ)ˈθɜ:miə/ n. Med.  the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature 【医】低体温；体温过低 [HYPO- + Greek thermē ‘heat’]

hypothesis /haiˈpɒθisis/ n. (pl. hypotheses /-si:z/)  1  a proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without the assumption of its truth 假说；假设 2  a supposition made as a starting point for further investigation from known facts (cf. 参见 THEORY 1) 前提 3  a groundless assumption 猜测；揣测 [Late Latin from Greek hupothesis ‘foundation’ (as HYPO-, THESIS)]

hypothesize /haiˈpɒθisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  frame a hypothesis 假设 2 tr.  assume as a hypothesis 设定 □ hypothesist  /-sist/ n.  □ hypothesizer  n.  

hypothetical /haipə(ʊ)ˈθetik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or based on or serving as a hypothesis 假设的；假定的 2  supposed but not necessarily real or true 假说的 □ hypothetically  adv.  

hypothyroidism /haipəʊˈθairɔidiz(ə)m/ n. Med.  subnormal activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in cretinism in children, and mental and physical slowing in adults 【医】甲状腺功能减退 □ hypothyroid  n. & adj.  □ hypothyroidic  /-ˈrɔidik/ adj.  

hypoventilation /ˌhaipəʊventiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  breathing at an abnormally slow rate, resulting in an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood 通气不足，呼吸过缓(导致血液中二氧化碳增加)

hypoxaemia /haipɒkˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] hypoxemia) Med.  an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood 【医】血氧过少 [modern Latin (as HYPO-, OXYGEN, -AEMIA)]

hypoxia /haiˈpɒksiə/ n. Med.  a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues 【医】氧不足，低氧症 □ hypoxic  adj.   [HYPO- + OX- + -IA1]

hypso- /ˈhipsəʊ/ comb. form  height [构词成分]高，高度 [Greek hupsos ‘height’]

hypsography /hipˈsɒɡrəfi/ n.  a description or mapping of the contours of the earth's surface 地形起伏图；地势图 □ hypsographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ hypsographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

hypsometer /hipˈsɒmitə/ n.  1  a device for calibrating thermometers at the boiling point of water 温度计沸点校准器 2  this instrument when used to estimate height above sea level 沸点测高计 □ hypsometric  /-səˈmetrik/ adj.  

hyrax /ˈhairæks/ n.  any small mammal of the order Hyracoidea, including the rock rabbit and the dassie 蹄兔 [modern Latin from Greek hurax ‘shrew-mouse’]

hyson /ˈhais(ə)n/ n.  a kind of green China tea 熙春茶(中国绿茶的一种) [Chinese xichun, literally ‘bright spring’]

hyssop /ˈhisəp/ n.  1  any small bushy aromatic herb of the genus Hyssopus, esp. H. officinalis, formerly used medicinally 海索草(浓密芬芳的小药草，以前曾用于医药) 2 Bibl. 【圣经】  a  a plant whose twigs were used for sprinkling in Jewish rites 牛膝草(在犹太教仪式中用于洒水的嫩枝)b  a bunch of this used in purification (清洁礼仪中使用的)牛膝草束 [Old English (h)ysope (reinforced in Middle English by Old French ysope) via Latin hyssopus from Greek hyssōpos, of Semitic origin]

hysterectomy /histəˈrektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the womb 子宫切除(术) □ hysterectomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Greek hustera ‘womb’ + -ECTOMY]

hysteresis /histəˈri:sis/ n. Physics  the lagging behind of an effect when its cause varies in amount etc., esp. of magnetic induction behind the magnetizing force 【物理学】滞后现象；磁滞现象 [Greek husterēsis, via hustereō ‘be behind’ from husteros ‘coming after’]

hysteria /hiˈstiəriə/ n.  1  a wild uncontrollable emotion or excitement 不可控制的情绪激动；过度兴奋 2  a functional disturbance of the nervous system, of psychoneurotic origin 歇斯底里，癔病 [modern Latin (as HYSTERIC)]

hysteric /hiˈsterik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a fit of hysteria 歇斯底里的b colloq.  overwhelming mirth or laughter [口]无法抑制的欢笑(或大笑)  we were in hysterics  我们大笑不止 2  a hysterical person 癔病患者 ●adj.  = HYSTERICAL  [Latin from Greek husterikos ‘of the womb’ (from hustera ‘womb’), hysteria being thought to occur more frequently in women than in men and to be associated with the womb]

hysterical /hiˈsterik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or affected with hysteria 歇斯底里的，癔病的 2  morbidly or uncontrolledly emotional 情绪失常的，失控的 3 colloq.  extremely funny or amusing [口]非常滑稽的；极其可笑的 □ hysterically  adv.  

hysteron proteron /ˌhistərɒn ˈprɒtərɒn/ n. Rhet.  a figure of speech in which what should come last is put first; an inversion of the natural order (e.g. 如 I die! I faint! I fail! 我死了！我昏过去了！我失败了！) 【修】倒置法；逆序法 [Late Latin from Greek husteron proteron ‘the latter (put in place of) the former’]

Hz abbr. [缩略]  hertz 

háček /ˈhɑ:tʃek, ˈhæ-/ n.  a diacritic mark (ˇ) placed over letters to modify the sound in some Slavonic and Baltic languages 小钩号(在某些斯拉夫语和波罗的语中置于字母上表示变音) [Czech, diminutive of hɑˊk ‘hook’]

I1 /ai/ n. (also 亦作 i) (pl. Is or I's)  1  the ninth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 9 个字母 2 (as a Roman numeral) one (作为罗马数字)一

I2 /ai/ pron. & n. ●pron. (obj. me; poss. my, mine; pl. we)  used by a speaker or writer to refer to himself or herself (说话者或写作者自称)我 ●n. (作 the I) Metaphysics  the ego; the subject or object of self-consciousness 【玄学】自我；自我意识 [Old English from Germanic]

I3 abbr. (also 亦作 I.)  Island(s), Isle(s) [缩略]岛屿

I4 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element iodine 【化】(化学元素)碘 2  electric current 电流

i symb. Math.  the imaginary square root of minus one [符]【数】虚数单位；负 1 的正平方根

-i1 /i, ai, i:/ suffix  forming the plural of nouns from Latin ending in -us or from Italian ending in -e or -o (foci 焦点 ; dilettanti 艺术爱好者 ; timpani 定音鼓) 构成以 -us 结尾的拉丁语名词的复数及以 -e 或 -o 结尾的意大利语名词的复数■Usage 用法说明 Plurals in -s or -es are often also possible especially when the word is well established in English, e.g. cactus, plural cacti or cactuses. 尤其当该词已根深蒂固地成为英语词，其复数亦可能常以 -s 或 -es 结尾。如 cactus (仙人掌)的复数为 cacti 或 cactuses 。 

-i2 suffix  forming adjectives from names of countries or regions in the Near or Middle East (Israeli 以色列的 ; Pakistani 巴基斯坦的) 构成近东、中东一带国名、地区名的形容词 [adjectival suffix in Semitic and Indo-Iranian languages]

-i- /i/  a connecting vowel esp. forming words ending in -ana, -ferous, -fic, -form, -fy, -gerous, -vorous (cf. 参见 -O-) 连接元音(尤构成以 -ana 、 -ferous 、 -fic 、 -form 、 -fy 、 -gerous 和 -vorous 结尾的词) [from or suggested by French from Latin]

IA abbr. US  Iowa (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]艾奥瓦州(正式邮政用语)

Ia. abbr.  Iowa [缩略]艾奥瓦州

-ia1 /iə/ suffix  1  forming abstract nouns  mania  躁狂 utopia  理想国, often in Med.  anaemia  贫血症 pneumonia  肺炎 构成抽象名词；(常用于)【医】 2 Bot.  forming names of classes and genera (dahlia 大丽花属植物 ; fuchsia 倒挂金钟属植物) 【植】构成纲、属的名称 3  forming names of countries (Australia 澳大利亚 ; India 印度) 构成国家名称 [from or suggested by Latin & Greek]

-ia2 /iə/ suffix forming plural nouns or the plural of nouns 构成复数名词或名词的复数 :  1  from Greek ending -ion or Latin -ium (paraphernalia 随身物品 ; regalia 王权 ; amnia 羊膜 ; labia 阴唇) 源自希腊语结尾的 -ion 或拉丁语结尾的 -ium 2 Zool.  the names of groups (Mammalia 哺乳纲) 【动】群、类的纲目

IAA abbr. [缩略]  indoleacetic acid 

IAEA abbr.  International Atomic Energy Agency [缩略]国际原子能机构

-ial /iəl/ suffix  forming adjectives (celestial 天空的 ; dictatorial 独裁的 ; trivial 琐细的) 构成形容词 [from or suggested by French -iel or Latin -ialis: cf. -AL]

iamb /ˈaiæm(b)/ n.  an iambus 抑扬格；短长格 [Anglicized from IAMBUS]

iambic /aiˈæmbik/ adj. & n. Prosody 【诗体】  ●adj.  of or using iambuses (使用)抑扬格的；(使用)短长格的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  iambic verse 抑扬格诗 [French iambique via Late Latin iambicus from Greek iambikos (as IAMBUS)]

iambus /aiˈæmbəs/ n. (pl. iambuses or -bi /-bai/) Prosody  a foot consisting of one short (or unstressed) followed by one long (or stressed) syllable 【诗体】抑扬格(诗的韵步，由一短音节(非重读音节)接以一长音节(重读音节)组成) [Latin from Greek iambos ‘iambus, lampoon’, from iaptō ‘assail in words’, from its use by Greek satirists]

Ian /iən/   伊恩 [人名]

-ian /iən/ suffix var.  of -AN -AN 的变体 [from or suggested by French -ien or Latin -ianus]

-iasis /ˈaiəsis/ suffix  the usual form of -ASIS -ASIS 的通常形式

IATA /aiˈɑ:tə/ abbr.  International Air Transport Association [缩略]国际航空运输协会

iatrogenic /aiˌætrə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj. (of a disease etc.) caused by medical examination or treatment (疾病等)医原性的 [Greek iatros ‘physician’ + -GENIC]

ib. var.  of IBID  IBID 的变体

IBA abbr. (in the UK) Independent Broadcasting Authority [缩略] (英国)独立广播管理局

I-beam n.  a girder of I-shaped section 工字梁，工字钢

Iberian /aiˈbiəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of ancient Iberia, the peninsula now comprising Spain and Portugal; of Spain and Portugal (古)伊比利亚半岛(的) (包括如今的西班牙及葡萄牙)；西班牙与葡萄牙的 ●n.  1  a native of ancient Iberia 伊比利亚人 2  any of the languages of ancient Iberia (古)伊比利亚语 [Latin Iberia from Greek Ibēres ‘Spaniards’]

Ibero- /aiˈbiərəʊ/ comb. form  Iberian; Iberian and (Ibero-American 伊比利亚裔美国人) [构词成分]伊比利亚人；伊比利亚和…

ibex /ˈaibeks/ n. (pl. ibexes)  a wild goat, Capra ibex, esp. of mountainous areas of Europe, N. Africa, and Asia, with a beard and thick curved ridged horns 羱羊；北山羊(尤指产于欧洲、北非和亚洲山区的、有须和弯曲的粗犄角的野生山羊) [Latin]

ibid. /ˈibid/ abbr. (also 亦作 ib.)  in the same book or passage etc. [缩略]出处同上(同前) [Latin ibidem ‘in the same place’]

-ibility /iˈbiliti/ suffix  forming nouns from, or corresponding to, adjectives in -ible (possibility 可能性 ; credibility 可信性) 构成以 -ible 结尾的形容词的名词及与以 -ible 结尾的形容词相对应的名词 [French -ibilité or Latin -ibilitas]

I.Biol. abbr. (in the UK) Institute of Biology [缩略] (英国)生物协会

ibis /ˈaibis/ n. (pl. ibises)  any wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae with a long down-curved bill, long neck, and long legs, and nesting in colonies (鹮科涉禽)鹮 [Middle English via Latin from Greek]

-ible /ib(ə)l/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘that may or may be’ (see 见 -ABLE) 构成形容词，表示“可(被)…的”，“能…的”  terrible  可怕的 forcible  强迫的 possible  可能的 [French -ible or Latin -ibilis]

-ibly /ibli/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -ible 构成与以 -ible 结尾的形容词相对应的副词

IBM abbr.  International Business Machines [缩略]国际商用机器公司

Ibo /ˈi:bəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 Igbo /ˈi:ɡbəʊ/) (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  1  a member of a people of SE Nigeria 伊博人(尼日利亚东南部居民) 2  the Kwa language of this people (伊博人讲的)克瓦语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)伊博人的；(有关)克瓦语的 [native name]

IBRD abbr.  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank) [缩略]国际复兴开发银行(又称世界银行)

ibuprofen /aibju:ˈprəʊf(ə)n/ n.  an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug used esp. as a stronger alternative to aspirin 布洛芬，异丁苯丙酸 [ISO- + BUTYL + PROPIONIC ACID + -fen representing PHENYL, elements of the chemical name]

IC abbr.  integrated circuit [缩略]集成电路

i/c abbr. [缩略]  1  in charge 主管，负责 2  in command 控制 3  internal combustion 内燃

-ic /ik/ suffix  1  forming adjectives  Arabic  阿拉伯的 classic  古典的 public  公众的 and nouns  critic  批评家 epic  史诗 mechanic  技工 music  音乐 构成形容词和名词 2 Chem.  in higher valence or degree of oxidation (ferric 三价铁的 ; sulphuric 硫的) (see also 另见 -OUS) 【化】原子价较高的；氧化程度较高的 3  denoting a particular form or instance of a noun in -ics (aesthetic 美学 ; tactic 战术) 表示以 -ics 结尾的名词形式(或实例) [from or suggested by French -ique, Latin -icus, or Greek -ikos: cf. -ATIC, -ETIC, -FIC, -OTIC]

-ical /ik(ə)l/ suffix  1  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns or adjectives, usu. ending in -ic (classical 第一流的 ; comical 好笑的 ; farcical 笑剧的 ; musical 音乐的) 构成常以 -ic 结尾的名词相应的形容词 2  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -y (pathological 病理学的) 构成与以 -y 结尾的名词相关的形容词

-ically /ik(ə)li/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives ending in -ic or -ical (comically 好笑地 ; musically 悦耳地 ; tragically 悲惨地) 构成与以 -ic 或 -ical 结尾的形容词相关的副词

ICAO abbr.  International Civil Aviation Organization [缩略]国际民用航空组织

ICBM abbr.  intercontinental ballistic missile [缩略]洲际弹道导弹

ICE abbr.  1 (in the UK) Institution of Civil Engineers (英国)土木工程师协会 2  internal-combustion engine 内燃机

ice /ais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  frozen water, a brittle transparent crystalline solid 冰；冰块b  a sheet of this on the surface of water 冰层  fell through the ice  掉进冰层 2 Brit.  a portion of ice cream or water ice [英]冰淇淋；雪糕  would you like an ice?  你要一份冰淇淋吗？ 3 slang  diamonds [俚语]钻石 ●v.  1 tr.  mix with or cool in ice (用冰)混合；冰镇  iced drinks  加冰饮料；冰镇饮料 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over, up)  a  cover or become covered with ice 用冰覆盖；被冰封冻b  freeze 结冰 3 tr.  cover (a cake etc.) with icing 用糖霜覆盖在(糕点等)上 4 tr. US Sport colloq.  clinch (victory) [美]【运动】[口]确保(胜利) 5 tr. US colloq.  murder [美口]谋杀 □ on ice   1 (of an entertainment, sport, etc.) performed by skaters (娱乐、运动等)溜冰者表演的 2 colloq.  held in reserve; awaiting further attention [口]储备；暂缓□ on thin ice   in a risky situation 如履薄冰 [Old English īs, from Germanic]

-ice /is/ suffix  forming (esp. abstract) nouns (avarice 贪婪 ; justice 正义 ; service 服务) (cf. 参见 -ESS2, -ISE2) 构成(尤指抽象)名词

ice age n.  a glacial period, esp. in the Pleistocene epoch (尤指更新世)冰川期

ice axe n.  a tool used by mountain climbers for cutting footholds (登山用)冰镐

ice-bag n.  an ice-filled rubber bag for medical use (医用)冰袋

iceberg /ˈaisbɜ:ɡ/ n.  1  a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier or ice sheet and carried out to sea 冰山，海上漂浮的巨大冰块 2  an unemotional or cold-blooded person (感情上)冷酷的人 □ the tip of the iceberg   a small perceptible part of something (esp. a difficulty) the greater part of which is hidden 事物(尤指困难)的表面小部分，冰山一角 [probably from Dutch ijsberg, from ijs ‘ice’ + berg ‘hill’]

iceberg lettuce n.  any of various crisp lettuces with a freely blanching head 卷心(球叶)莴苣

iceblink /ˈaisbliŋk/ n.  a luminous appearance on the horizon, caused by a reflection from ice 冰映光

iceblock /ˈaisblɒk/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = ICE LOLLY 

ice blue n. & adj. ●n.  a very pale blue colour 淡蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 淡蓝色的

ice-boat n.  1  a boat mounted on runners for travelling on ice 在冰上滑行的船 2  a boat used for breaking ice on a river etc. 破冰船

ice-bound adj.  confined by ice 被冰封住的

icebox /ˈaisbɒks/ n.  a compartment in a refrigerator for making and storing ice (冰箱里制冰或储冰的)冷冻室

ice-breaker n.  1  = ICE-BOAT 2  2  something that serves to relieve inhibitions, start a conversation, etc. 用于打破僵局、开展对话等的事物

ice bucket n.  a bucket-like container with chunks of ice, used either to keep a bottle of wine chilled or to hold ice for drinks (用于冰镇瓶装酒或盛饮用的冰块的)冰桶

ice cap n.  a permanent covering of ice e.g. in polar regions (如两极地区的)冰盖，冰冠

ice-cold adj.  as cold as ice 冰冷的，极冷的

ice cream n.  a sweet creamy frozen food, usu. flavoured 冰淇淋

ice cube n.  a small block of ice made in a refrigerator (冰箱制作出的)小方冰块

ice dancing n.  ice-skating to choreographed dance moves, esp. competitively and in pairs 冰上舞蹈(尤指竞技双人舞)

iced lolly var.  of ICE LOLLY  ICE LOLLY 的变体

icefall /ˈaisfɔ:l/ n.  a steep part of a glacier like a frozen waterfall 冰川的陡峭部分；冰瀑

ice field n.  an expanse of ice, esp. in polar regions (两极地区的)冰原

ice fish n.  1  = CAPELIN  2  a semi-transparent Antarctic fish of the family Chaenichthyidae 银鱼(身体半透明的南极带腭鱼科)

ice floe n.  = FLOE 

ice hockey n.  a form of hockey played on ice with a puck 冰球；冰上曲棍球

ice house n.  a building often partly or wholly underground for storing ice. (地下或半地下)冰窖

Iceland   冰岛

Icelander /ˈaisləndə/ n.  1  a native or national of Iceland, an island in the N. Atlantic 冰岛(大西洋北部岛屿)人；冰岛国民 2  a person of Icelandic descent 冰岛人后裔

Icelandic /aisˈlændik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Iceland 冰岛的；与冰岛有关的 ●n.  the language of Iceland 冰岛语

Iceland lichen /ˈaislənd/ n. (also 亦作 Iceland moss)  a mountain and moorland lichen, Cetraria islandica, with edible branching fronds 冰岛地衣(可食用的藻类植物)

Iceland poppy /ˈaislənd/ n.  an Arctic poppy, esp. Papaver nudicaule, with white or yellow flowers 冰岛罂粟(开白色或黄色花)

Iceland spar /ˈaislənd/ n.  a transparent variety of calcite with the optical property of strong double refraction 冰洲石，双折射透明方解石

ice lolly n. (also 亦作 iced lolly) Brit.  a piece of flavoured ice, often with chocolate or ice cream, on a stick [英]冰棒；冰棍

iceman /ˈaismən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man skilled in crossing ice 善于在冰上行走的人 2 esp. N. Amer.  a man who sells or delivers ice [尤北美]卖冰人，送冰人

ice milk n. N. Amer.  a sweet frozen food similar to ice cream but containing less butterfat [北美] (脱脂乳制的)冰淇淋，牛奶冻

ice pack n.  1  a quantity of ice applied to the body for medical etc. purposes (医用)冰袋 2  see 见 PACK1 n. 9 

ice pick n.  1  a needle-like implement with a handle for splitting up small pieces of ice 碎冰锥 2  a mountaineer's pick (登山运动员用)冰镐

ice plant n.  a plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, with leaves covered with crystals or vesicles looking like ice specks 冰叶日中花

ice rink n.  = RINK 1 

ice sheet n.  a permanent layer of ice covering an extensive tract of land (覆盖地面不化的)冰原，冰盾

ice shelf n.  a floating sheet of ice permanently attached to a landmass (永久性连接陆地漂浮的)冰架，陆缘冰

ice show n.  a show performed by ice-skaters 冰上表演

ice-skate n. & v. ●n.  a skate consisting of a boot with a blade beneath, for skating on ice 溜冰鞋 ●v. intr.  skate on ice 溜冰 □ ice-skater  n.  □ ice-skating  n.  

ice station n.  a meteorological research centre in polar regions (极区的)冰站，气象中心

ice storm n. esp. N. Amer.  a storm of freezing rain, that leaves a deposit of ice [尤北美]冰暴

ice water n.  water from, or cooled by the addition of, ice 冰水

I.Chem.E. abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Chemical Engineers [缩略] (英国)化学工程师学会

I Ching /i: ˈtʃiŋ/ n.  an ancient Chinese manual of divination based on symbolic trigrams and hexagrams 《易经》 [Chinese yijing ‘Book of Changes’]

ichneumon /ikˈnju:mən/ n.  1 (in full 全称 ichneumon wasp)  any small hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonidae, depositing eggs in or on the larva of another insect as food for its own larva 姬蜂(一种小型胡峰，产卵于其他昆虫的蛹内或蛹上) 2  a mongoose of N. Africa, Herpestes ichneumon, noted for destroying crocodile eggs (北非)埃及獴(以破坏鳄鱼蛋著称) [Latin from Greek ikhneumōn, literally ‘tracker’, a spider-hunting wasp, via ikhneuō ‘trace’ from ikhnos ‘footstep’]

ichnography /ikˈnɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the ground plan of a building, map of a region, etc. 平面图，地图 2  a drawing of this 平面图 [French ichnographie or Latin ichnographia from Greek ikhnographia, from ikhnos ‘track’: see -GRAPHY]

ichor /ˈaikɔ:/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) fluid flowing like blood in the veins of the gods (希腊神话) (神血管中流动的)灵液 2 poet.  bloodlike fluid [诗]血样的液体 3 archaic  a watery fetid discharge from a wound etc. [古义] (伤口处流出的)败液 □ ichorous  /ˈaik(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Greek ikhōr]

ichthyo- /ˈikθiəʊ/ comb. form  fish [构词成分]鱼 [Greek ikhthus ‘fish’]

ichthyoid /ˈikθiɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  fishlike 像鱼的，鱼状的 ●n.  any fishlike vertebrate 鱼形脊椎动物

ichthyolite /ˈikθiəlait/ n.  a fossil fish 鱼化石

ichthyology /ikθiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of fishes 鱼类学；鱼类研究 □ ichthyological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ichthyologist  n.  

ichthyophagous /ikθiˈɒfəɡəs/ adj.  fish-eating 食鱼的 □ ichthyophagy  /-fədʒi/ n.  

ichthyosaurus /ikθiəˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (also 亦作 ichthyosaur /ˈikθiəsɔ:/)  any extinct marine reptile of the order Ichthyosauria, with long head, tapering body, four flippers, and usu. a large tail 鱼龙 [ICHTHYO- + Greek sauros ‘lizard’]

ichthyosis /ikθiˈəʊsis/ n.  a skin disease which causes the epidermis to become dry and horny like fish scales 鱼鳞癣，干皮病 □ ichthyotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [Greek ikhthus ‘fish’ + -OSIS]

ICI abbr.  Imperial Chemical Industries [缩略]卜内门化学工业公司

-ician /ˈiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns denoting persons skilled in or concerned with subjects having nouns (usu.) in -ic or -ics (magician 魔术师 ; politician 政治家) 构成名词，表示“精通者”及名词以 -ic 和 -ics 结尾的某领域内的“专家”，“能手” [from or suggested by French -icien (as -IC, -IAN)]

icicle /ˈaisik(ə)l/ n.  a hanging tapering piece of ice, formed by the freezing of dripping water (落水冰冻形成的)冰锥，冰柱 [Middle English, from ICE + ickle (now dialect) ‘icicle’]

icing /ˈaisiŋ/ n.  1  a coating of a sugar mixture on a cake or biscuit (糕饼上面的)糖霜 2  the formation of ice on a ship or aircraft (飞机、船体外的)积冰，霜冻 3  a (in ice hockey) the act of shooting the puck from one's own end of the rink to the other but not at goal (冰球比赛中)造成死球的射球行为b  the penalty for this (因造成死球而)判罚 □ icing on the cake   an attractive though inessential addition or enhancement (诱人但可有可无的)点缀品，装饰物

icing sugar n. Brit.  finely powdered sugar for making icing for cakes etc. [英] (糕点用)糖粉

-icist /isist/ suffix  = -ICIAN classicist  古典主义者  [-IC + -IST]

-icity /ˈisiti/ suffix  forming abstract nouns esp. from adjectives in -ic (authenticity 可靠性 ; publicity 公开性) 构成抽象名词(尤源自以 -ic 结尾的形容词) [-IC + -ITY]

-ick /ik/ suffix archaic var.  of -IC [古义] -IC 的变体

icky /ˈiki/ adj. (also 亦作 ikky) colloq. [口]  1  sweet, sticky, sickly 甜的，粘的，病态的 2 (as a general term of disapproval) nasty, repulsive (表示不赞成的一般用语)令人作呕的，使人反感的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

-icle /ik(ə)l/ suffix  forming (originally diminutive) nouns (article 冠词 ; particle 微粒；粒子) 构成(源于指小词的)名词 [formed as -CULE]

icon /ˈaikɒn, -k(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 ikon)  1  a devotional painting or carving, usu. on wood, of Christ or another holy figure, esp. in the Eastern Church (尤指东正教耶稣或其他圣人的)圣像，雕像 2  an image or statue 肖像；塑像 3 Computing  a symbol or graphic representation on a VDU screen of a program, option, or window, esp. one of several for selection 【计算】(示频显示器屏幕上的)图标 4  an object of particular admiration, esp. as a representative symbol of something (崇拜的)偶像  a literary icon of the 1970s  20 世纪 70 年代的一位文学崇拜对象 5 Linguistics  a sign which has a characteristic in common with the thing it signifies 【语言学】标记；标志(借以表示与之所代表的事物具有共同特性) [Latin from Greek eikōn ‘image’]

iconic /aiˈkɒnik/ adj.  1  of or having the nature of an image or portrait 画像的，肖像的 2 (of a statue) following a conventional type (雕塑)按传统风格的 3 Linguistics  that is an icon 【语言学】像似的 □ iconicity  /-kəˈnisiti/ n. (esp. in sense 3 尤用于释义 3)  像似性 [Latin iconicus from Greek eikonikos (as ICON)]

icono- /ˈaikənəʊ, aiˈkɒnəʊ/ comb. form  an image or likeness [构词成分]形象，肖像；相像，相似，像

iconoclasm /aiˈkɒnəklæz(ə)m/ n.  1  the breaking of images 偶像的破坏 2  the assailing of cherished beliefs 对传统观念的攻击 [ICONOCLAST, on the pattern of enthusiasm etc.]

iconoclast /aiˈkɒnəklæst/ n.  1  a person who attacks cherished beliefs 攻击传统观念的人 2  a person who destroys images used in religious worship, esp. hist. during the 8th-9th c. in the Churches of the East, or as a Puritan of the 16th-17th c. 反对崇拜圣像者 ([尤史义]指公元 8 至 9 世纪的东正教教徒，或 16 至 17 世纪的清教徒) □ iconoclastic  /-ˈklæstik/ adj.  □ iconoclastically  /-ˈklæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [medieval Latin iconoclastes from ecclesiastical Greek eikonoklastēs (as ICONO-, klaō ‘break’)]

iconography /aikəˈnɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the illustration of a subject by drawings or figures 插画，图解 2  a  the study of portraits, esp. of an individual (尤对某个人的)肖像研究b  the study of artistic images or symbols 对艺术形象(标志)的研究 3  a treatise on pictures or statuary (有关肖像或雕像的)论文 4  a book composed essentially of illustrations 以插图为主的书 □ iconographer  n.  □ iconographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ iconographical  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ iconographically  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek eikonographia ‘sketch’ (as ICONO- + -GRAPHY)]

iconolatry /aikəˈnɒlətri/ n.  the worship of images 偶像崇拜 [ecclesiastical Greek eikonolatreia (as ICONO-, -LATRY)]

iconology /aikəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and interpretation 图像学，标志学 2  symbolism 象征主义

iconostasis /aikəˈnɒstəsis/ n. (pl. iconostases /-si:z/) (in the Eastern Church) a screen bearing icons and separating the sanctuary from the nave (东正教) (分隔内殿和中殿的)圣像屏帏，圣像间壁 [modern Greek eikonostasis (as ICONO-, STASIS)]

icosahedron /ˌaikɒsəˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. icosahedra /-drə/ or icosahedrons)  a solid figure with twenty faces 二十面体 □ icosahedral  adj.   [Late Latin icosahedrum from Greek eikosaedron, from eikosi ‘twenty’ + -HEDRON]

-ics /iks/ suffix (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  forming nouns denoting arts or sciences or branches of study or action (athletics 竞技 ; politics 政治学) (cf. 参见 -IC 3) 构成名词，表示人文科学(自然科学、研究学科)领域(或活动) [from or suggested by French pl. -iques, Latin pl. -ica, or Greek pl. -ika]■Usage 用法说明 A word ending in -ics meaning ‘a subject of study or branch of knowledge’ will generally be treated as singular, e.g. Aerodynamics is a mathematical science, but the same word may be used in the plural to mean ‘particular aspects of something considered collectively’, e.g. The aerodynamics of this car are rather primitive. 以 -ics 结尾、表示“学科或知识分科”的词一般都按单数对待，如 Aerodynamics is a mathematical science (空气动力学是一门数学学科)，但同样的词可以用作复数，总体表示某物的特定方面，如 The aerodynamics of this car are rather primitive (这辆汽车的空气动力问题相当简单)。 

icterus /ˈikt(ə)rəs/ n. Med. 【医】  = JAUNDICEn. 1  □ icteric  /ikˈterik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek ikteros]

ictus /ˈiktəs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ictuses)  1 Prosody  rhythmical or metrical stress 【诗体】强音，扬音 2 Med.  a stroke or seizure; a fit 【医】搏动，发作；猝发 [Latin, = blow, from icere ‘strike’]

icy /ˈaisi/ adj. (icier, iciest)  1  very cold 极冷的 2  covered with or abounding in ice 冰覆盖的；结满冰的 3 (of a tone or manner) unfriendly, hostile (语调或态度)不友好的，有敌意的  an icy stare  冷冰冰的凝视 □ icily  adv.  □ iciness  n.  

I'd /aid/ contr. [缩合]  1  I had  2  I should; I would 

ID abbr. [缩略]  1  identification, identity 识别，身份  ID card  身份证 2 US  Idaho (in official postal use) [美]爱达荷州(正式邮政用语)

Id var.  of EID  EID 的变体

i.d. abbr.  inner diameter [缩略]内直径

id /id/ n. Psychol.  the inherited instinctive impulses of the individual as part of the unconscious 【心】本能冲动 [Latin, = that, translation of German es]

id. abbr. [缩略]  = IDEM 

-id1 /id/ suffix  forming adjectives (arid 干旱的 ; rapid 迅速的) 构成形容词 [French -ide from Latin -idus]

-id2 /id/ suffix forming nouns 构成名词 :  1  general (pyramid 金字塔) 一般事物 2 Biol.  of structural constituents (plastid 质体) 【生】(表示)结构要素 3 Bot.  of a plant belonging to a family with a name in -idaceae (orchid 兰花) 【植】(表示)以 -idaceae 结尾的…科植物 [from or suggested by French -ide, via Latin -is -idis from Greek -is -ida or -idos]

-id3 /id/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1 Zool.  an animal belonging to a family with a name in -idae or a class with a name in -ida (canid 犬科动物 ; arachnid 蛛形纲动物) 【动】以 -idae 结尾或以 -ida 结尾的…纲动物 2  a member of a person's family (Seleucid from Seleucus 塞琉古家族成员塞琉西) …家族的成员 3 Astron. 【天】  a  a meteor in a group radiating from a specified constellation (Leonid from Leo 狮子星座散发出的狮子座流星) 由某一星座散发出的流星b  a star of a class like one in a specified constellation (cepheid 造父变星) 某一类型的变星 [from or suggested by Latin -ides, pl. -idae or -ida]

IDA abbr.  International Development Association [缩略] (联合国)国际开发协会

Ida /ˈaidə/   艾达 [人名]

ide /aid/ n.  = ORFE  [modern Latin idus from Swedish id]

-ide /aid/ suffix Chem. forming nouns denoting 【化】构成名词，表示 :  1  binary compounds of an element (the suffix -ide being added to the abbreviated name of the more electronegative element etc.) (sodium chloride 氯化钠 ; lead sulphide 硫化铅 ; calcium carbide 碳化钙) (后缀 -ide 加在电负性元素等的缩略名称后)二元化合物 2  various other compounds (amide 酰胺 ; anhydride 硬石膏 ; peptide 肽 ; saccharide 糖化物) (各种其他的)化合物 3  elements of a series in the periodic table (actinide 锕类 ; lanthanide 镧系元素) (元素周期表里的)一系列元素 [originally in OXIDE]

idea /aiˈdiə/ n.  1  a conception or plan formed by mental effort 想法，计划  Have you any ideas?  你有什么想法吗？ had the idea of writing a book  有写书的打算 2  a  a mental impression or notion; a concept 思想；概念b  a vague belief or fancy 幻想，想像  had an idea you were married  感觉你结婚了 had no idea where you were  不知道你在何处 3  an intention, purpose, or essential feature 打算，目的，要点  the idea is to make money  打算赚钱 4  an archetype or pattern as distinguished from its realization in individual cases 想法 5 Philos. 【哲】  a (in Platonism) an eternally existing pattern of which individual things in any class are imperfect copies (柏拉图哲学的)理念b  a concept of pure reason which transcends experience 纯理性概念 □ get (or have) ideas  colloq.  be ambitious, rebellious, etc. [口]急切的，叛逆的□ have no idea  colloq. [口]  1  not know at all 一点不知 2  be completely incompetent 无能为力□ not one's idea of  colloq.  not what one regards as [口]非本意  not my idea of a pleasant evening  并非我所设想的愉快之夜□ put ideas into a person's head   suggest ambitions etc. he or she would not otherwise have had 使某人产生奢望□ that's an idea  colloq.  that proposal etc. is worth considering [口]这个想法值得考虑□ the very idea!  colloq.  an exclamation of disapproval or disagreement [口]不行！(表示不同意或不赞同) [Greek idea ‘form, pattern’ from stem id- ‘see’]

ideal /aiˈdiəl, -ˈdi:əl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  answering to one's highest conception 理想的b  perfect or supremely excellent 完美的 2  a  existing only in idea 空想的b  visionary 想像的 3  embodying an idea 体现某一思想的 4  relating to or consisting of ideas; dependent on the mind 观念的；理念的 ●n.  1  a perfect type, or a conception of this 完美典型；完美 2  an actual thing as a standard for imitation 典范 □ ideally  adv.   [Middle English via French idéal from Late Latin idealis (as IDEA)]

ideal gas n.  a hypothetical gas consisting of molecules occupying negligible space and without attraction for each other, thereby obeying simple laws 理想气体

idealism /aiˈdiəliz(ə)m, -ˈdi:ə-/ n.  1  the practice of forming or following after ideals, esp. unrealistically (cf. 参见 REALISM) 理想主义 2  the representation of things in ideal or idealized form 理念(论) 3  imaginative treatment 理想化处理 4 Philos.  any of various systems of thought in which the objects of knowledge are held to be in some way dependent on the activity of mind (cf. 参见 REALISM) 【哲】唯心主义(论) □ idealist  n.  □ idealistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ idealistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French idéalisme or German Idealismus (as IDEAL)]

ideality /aidiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality of being ideal 理想性 2  an ideal thing 理想的事

idealize /aiˈdiəlaiz, -ˈdi:ə-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  regard or represent (a thing or person) in ideal form or character 将(人或物)理想化 2  exalt in thought to ideal perfection or excellence 使之完美 □ idealization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ idealizer  n.  

ideate /ˈaidieit/ v. Psychol. 【心】  1 tr.  imagine, conceive 想像，构想出 2 intr.  form ideas 形成概念 □ ideation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ideational  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ ideationally  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n(ə)li/ adv.   [medieval Latin ideare ‘form an idea’ (as IDEA)]

idem /ˈidem/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in the same author 著者同 ●n.  the same word or author 同一词语；同一作者 [Middle English from Latin]

identical /aiˈdentik(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of different things) agreeing in every detail (不同事物)完全一致的 2 (of one thing viewed at different times) one and the same (在不同时间观察某物)同一的 3 (of twins) developed from a single fertilized ovum, therefore of the same sex and usu. very similar in appearance (双胞胎)同卵的 4 Logic & Math.  expressing an identity 【逻辑学】【数】恒等的 □ identically  adv.   [medieval Latin identicus (as IDENTITY)]

identification /aiˌdentifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of identifying 识别；验明 2  a means of identifying a person 身份证明 3 (作 attrib.)  serving to identify (esp. the bearer) (尤指持有者)证明身份(的)  identification card  身份证

identification parade n. Brit.  an assembly of persons from whom a suspect is to be identified [英] (从许多人中)指认嫌疑犯

identifier /aiˈdentifaiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that identifies 鉴定(检验)人；鉴定物 2 Computing  a sequence of characters used to identify or refer to a set of data 【计算】(数据)标识符；识别符

identify /aiˈdentifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  establish the identity of; recognize 识别；认出 2 tr.  establish or select by consideration or analysis of the circumstances (经考虑、分析)鉴定；确定  identify the best method of solving the problem  确定解决问题的最佳方法 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  associate (a person or oneself) inseparably or very closely (with a party, policy, etc.) 使(某人、自己)与(党派、政策等)融为一体，打成一片 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  treat (a thing) as identical 使(某物)等同于 5 intr. (foll. by 后接 with)  a  regard oneself as sharing characteristics of (another person) 认为自己与(他人)一致b  associate oneself 有关联 □ identifiable  adj.  □ identifiably  adv.   [medieval Latin identificare (as IDENTITY)]

identikit /aiˈdentikit/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) propr.  a reconstructed picture of a person (esp. one sought by the police) assembled from transparent strips showing typical facial features according to witnesses' descriptions (根据目击证人描述，用典型的面部特征拼制形成警察所追捕的)容貌拼具 [IDENTITY + KIT1]

identity /aiˈdentiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the quality or condition of being a specified person or thing (某人、物的)本体；本身b  individuality, personality 个人特征，个性  felt he had lost his identity  感觉到他已经失去了个性 2  identification or the result of it 身份证明；身份  a case of mistaken identity  认错人的案件 identity card  身份证 3  the state of being the same in substance, nature, qualities, etc.; absolute sameness (物质、性质、质量等)一致；同一  no identity of interests between them  他们之间没有相同的利益 4 Algebra 【代数】  a  the equality of two expressions for all values of the quantities expressed by letters 恒等(式)b  an equation expressing this , e.g. 如 (x + 1) 2 = x2 + 2x + 1 恒等方程式 5 Math. 【数】  a (in full 全称 identity element)  an element in a set, left unchanged by any operation to it 恒等元素b  a transformation that leaves an object unchanged 恒等变换 [Late Latin identitas from Latin idem ‘same’]

identity crisis n.  a period during which an individual experiences a feeling of loss or breakdown of his or her identity 性格认同危机(期)

identity parade n. Brit. [英]  = IDENTIFICATION PARADE 

ideogram /ˈidiə(ʊ)ɡræm, ˈaid-/ n.  a character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sequence of sounds in its name (e.g. a numeral, and many Chinese characters) 表意文字(如数字及许多汉字) [Greek idea ‘form’ + -GRAM]

ideograph /ˈidiə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f, ˈaid-/ n.  = IDEOGRAM  □ ideographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ ideography  /idiˈɒɡrəfi, aidi-/ n.   [Greek idea ‘form’ + -GRAPH]

ideologue /ˈaidiəlɒɡ, ˈid-/ n.  1  a theorist; a visionary 理论家；空想家 2  an adherent of an ideology 某种意识形态的信徒 [French idéologue from Greek idea (see IDEA) + -LOGUE]

ideology /aidiˈɒlədʒi, id-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the system of ideas at the basis of an economic or political theory 思想体系，意识形态  Marxist ideology  马克思主义的思想体系 2  the manner of thinking characteristic of a class or individual 思想方式，观念形态  bourgeois ideology  资产阶级思想 3  visionary speculation 空想 4 archaic  the science of ideas [古义]观念学 □ ideological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ideologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ ideologist  n.   [French idéologie (as IDEOLOGUE)]

ides /aidz/ n. pl.  the eighth day after the nones in the ancient Roman calendar (the 15th day of March, May, July, October, the 13th of other months) 艾德斯日；(古罗马历的)月中； 3 、 5 、 7 、 10 月的第 7 日之后的第 8 日和其他各月第 5 日之后的第 8 日 (3 、 5 、 7 、 10 月的第 15 日和其他各月的第 13 日) [Middle English via Old French from Latin idus (pl.), perhaps from Etruscan]

idiocy /ˈidiəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  utter foolishness; idiotic behaviour or an idiotic action 极端的愚蠢，白痴般的举止(行动) 2  extremely low intelligence 极度低能 [Middle English from IDIOT, probably on the pattern of lunacy]

idiolect /ˈidiəlekt/ n.  the form of language used by an individual person 个人语言变体，个人语型 [Greek idios ‘own’ + -lect in DIALECT]

idiom /ˈidiəm/ n.  1  a group of words established by usage and having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words 习语，成语  as in 例如 over the moon  快活极了 , see the light  出生，问世 2  a form of expression peculiar to a language, person, or group of people (某种语言、某(些)人特有的)表达方式 3  a  the language of a people or country (某民族、某国家的)方言b  the specific character of this (某)语言特性 4  a characteristic mode of expression in music, art, etc. (音乐、艺术等的)风格，特色 [French idiome or Late Latin idioma from Greek idiōma -matos ‘private property’, from idios ‘own, private’]

idiomatic /idiəˈmætik/ adj.  1  relating to or conforming to idiom 与习语(成语)有关的；符合习语(成语)的 2  characteristic of a particular language 具有某种语言特色的 □ idiomatically  adv.   [Greek idiōmatikos ‘peculiar’ (as IDIOM)]

idiopathy /idiˈɒpəθi/ n. Med.  any disease or condition of unknown cause or that arises spontaneously 【医】自发病，特发病 □ idiopathic  /idiəˈpæθik/ adj.   [modern Latin idiopathia from Greek idiopatheia, from idios ‘own’ + -PATHY]

idiosyncrasy /idiə(ʊ)ˈsiŋkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a mental constitution, view or feeling, or mode of behaviour, peculiar to a person (个人独有的)气质，习性，癖好 2  anything highly individualized or eccentric 高度个性化特征，古怪的个性 3  a mode of expression peculiar to an author (某作者特有的)表达方式，风格 4 Med.  a physical constitution peculiar to a person 【医】(某人特有的)特异体质 □ idiosyncratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ idiosyncratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek idiosugkrasia, from idios ‘own’ + sun ‘together’ + krasis ‘mixture’]

idiot /ˈidiət/ n.  1 colloq.  a stupid person; an utter fool [口]傻子；极蠢的人 2  a person of extremely low intelligence 白痴，低能儿 □ idiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.  □ idiotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin idiota ‘ignorant person’ from Greek idiōtēs ‘private person, layman, ignorant person’, from idios ‘own, private’]

idiot board n. (also 亦作 idiot card) colloq.  a board displaying a television script to a speaker as an aid to memory [口] (电视播音的)提词板

idiot savant /i:djəʊ sæˈvɒ˜/ n. (pl. idiot savants or idiots savants pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person considered mentally retarded but who displays brilliance in a specific area esp. related to memory skills 低能特才者，尤指记忆本领 [French, = learned idiot]

idle /ˈaid(ə)l/ adj. & v. ●adj. (idler, idlest)  1  lazy, indolent 懒惰的，懒散的 2  not in use; not working; unemployed 闲置的；不做事的；失业的 3 (of time etc.) unoccupied (时间等)空闲的 4  having no special basis or purpose 无专门根据的；无专门意图的  idle rumour  毫无根据的谣传 idle curiosity  无意义的好奇心 5  useless 无用的 6 (of an action, thought, or word) ineffective, worthless, vain (行动、思想或词语)无效的，无价值的，徒然的 ●v.  1  a intr. (of an engine) run slowly without doing any work (发动机)怠速运转b tr.  cause (an engine) to idle 使(发动机)空转 2 intr.  be idle 无所事事 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  pass (time etc.) in idleness 虚度(时光等) □ idleness  n.  □ idly  adv.   [Old English īdel ‘empty, useless’]

idler /ˈaidlə/ n.  1  a habitually lazy person 懒人，游手好闲者 2  = IDLE WHEEL 

idle wheel n.  an intermediate wheel between two geared wheels, esp. to allow them to rotate in the same direction 导向轮，滚轮

Ido /ˈi:dəʊ/ n.  an artificial universal language based on Esperanto (一种在世界语基础上造出来的国际通用语)伊多语 [Ido, = offspring]

idol /ˈaid(ə)l/ n.  1  an image of a deity etc. used as an object of worship (被崇拜的)偶像 2 Bibl.  a false god 【圣经】假神，受异教崇拜的神 3  a person or thing that is the object of excessive or supreme adulation 受到极度崇拜的人(物)  cinema idol  当红影星 4 archaic  a phantom [古义]幽灵 [Middle English via Old French idole and Latin idolum from Greek eidōlon ‘phantom’, from eidos ‘form’]

idolater /aiˈdɒlətə/ n. (fem. idolatress /-tris/)  1  a worshipper of idols 偶像崇拜者 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a devoted admirer 仰慕者，崇拜者 □ idolatrous  adj.   [Middle English idolatrer from Old French idolatrer or idolɑˆtre, or from idolatry, ultimately from Greek eidōlolatrēs (as IDOL, -LATER)]

idolatry /aiˈdɒlətri/ n.  1  the worship of idols 偶像崇拜 2  great adulation 盲目崇拜 [Old French idolatrie (as IDOLATER)]

idolize /ˈaid(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  venerate or love extremely or excessively 极端崇拜，过度崇拜 2 tr.  make an idol of 把…当偶像崇拜 3 intr.  practise idolatry 崇拜偶像 □ idolization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ idolizer  n.  

idyll /ˈidil/ n. (also 亦作 idyl)  1  a short description in verse or prose of a picturesque scene or incident, esp. in rustic life 田园诗(或散文) 2  an episode suitable for such treatment, usu. a love story (田园美景的)浪漫插曲(通常是爱情故事) 3  a blissful period or scene 快乐的田园生活；恬静的田园风景 □ idyllist  n.  □ idyllize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin idyllium from Greek eidullion, diminutive of eidos ‘form’]

idyllic /iˈdilik/ adj.  1  blissfully peaceful and happy 恬静的，幸福的 2  of or like an idyll 田园诗(般)的 □ idyllically  adv.  

idée fixe /i:dei ˈfi:ks, 法 ide fiks/ n. (pl. idées fixes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an idea that dominates the mind; an obsession 固定的观念；成见 [French, literally ‘fixed idea’]

idée reçue /ˌi:dei rəˈsju:, 法 ide rəsy/ n. (pl. idées reçues pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a generally accepted notion or opinion 广为接受的意见(想法) [French, literally ‘received idea’]

i.e. abbr.  that is to say [缩略]即，那就是 [Latin id est]

-ie /i/ suffix  1 var.  of -Y2 (dearie 亲爱的 ; nightie 睡衣) -Y2 的变体 2 archaic var.  of -Y1 , -Y3  litanie  祷文 prettie  宝贝儿 [古义] -Y1 ， -Y3 的变体 [earlier form of -Y1 , 2 , 3]

IEE abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Electrical Engineers [缩略] (英国)电机工程师协会

-ier /iə/ suffix forming personal nouns denoting an occupation or interest 构成人称名词，表示与职业(兴趣)有关的人 :  1  with stress on the preceding element (grazier 养畜者) 重音在前面成分 2  with stress on the suffix (cashier 出纳员 ; brigadier 旅长) 重音在后缀上 [sense 1 Middle English of various origins; sense 2 French -ier from Latin -arius]

IF abbr.  intermediate frequency [缩略]中频

if /if/ conj. & n. ●conj.  1  introducing a conditional clause 引出条件从句 :a  on the condition or supposition that; in the event that 假如；如果；在…情况下  if he comes I will tell him  如果他来，我就告诉他 if you are tired we will rest  如果你累了，我们就休息b (with past tense) implying that the condition is not fulfilled (与过去时态连用)表示条件是虚拟的  if I were you  要我是你的话 if I knew I would say  如果我知道我就说 2  even though 即使，纵然  I'll finish it, if it takes me all day  纵使费了我整天时间，我也要把它完成 3  whenever 无论何时  if I am not sure I ask  当我拿不准的时候我就询问 4  whether 是否  see if you can find it  看看你是否能找到 5  a  expressing wish or surprise (表示愿望或惊讶)要是…多好  if I could just try!  要是我能试试多好！ if it isn't my old hat!  这不是我的旧帽子吗！b  expressing a request 表达一种要求  if you wouldn't mind opening the door?  你不想开开门？ 6  with implied reservation, = and perhaps not 暗示不太可能  very rarely if at all  若真发生的话，难得 7 (with reduction of the protasis to its significant word) if there is or it is etc. (条件从句简化，保留其实义词)如果有，如果情况是  took little if any  如果还有的话拿一些 8  despite being 尽管  a useful if cumbersome device  尽管设备笨重却仍有用 ●n.  a condition or supposition 条件；假定  too many ifs about it  这件事上假定太多了 □ if anything   if any degree, perhaps even 甚至可能，或许甚至  if anything, it's too large  按说太大了 if anything, he finds maths easier  相对而言，他认为数学更容易些□ if only   1  even if for no other reason than 只要，要是  I'll come if only to see her  只要能见到她我会来的 2 (often 常作 ellipt.)  an expression of regret (表示遗憾)要是…多好  if only I had thought of it  我要是能想到该多好 if only I could swim!  我要是能游泳该多好！□ if so   if that is the case 如果这样 [Old English gif]

IFC abbr.  International Finance Corporation [缩略]国际金融公司(联合国机构)

-iferous  see 见 -FEROUS 

iff /if/ conj. Logic & Math. 【逻辑学】【数】  = if and only if 在而且只有在…时 [arbitrary extension of if]

iffy /ˈifi/ adj. (iffier, iffiest) colloq. [口]  1  uncertain, doubtful 不肯定的，可疑的 2  of questionable quality 有问题的

-ific  see 见 -FIC 

-ification  see 见 -FICATION 

-iform  see 见 -FORM 

Igbo var.  of IBO  IBO 的变体

igloo /ˈiɡlu:/ n.  an Eskimo dome-shaped dwelling, esp. one built of blocks of snow (爱斯基摩人的)拱形圆顶小屋(尤指用雪块砌成) [Eskimo, = house]

igneous /ˈiɡniəs/ adj.  1  of fire; fiery 火的，火一般的 2 Geol. (esp. of rocks) produced by volcanic or magmatic action 【地质】(尤指岩石)火山爆发或岩浆作用形成的 [Latin igneus from ignis ‘fire’]

ignimbrite /ˈiɡnimbrait/ n. Geol.  a volcanic rock, esp. a tuff, formed by the consolidation of material from a nuée ardente 【地质】熔(结凝)灰岩 [Latin ignis ‘fire’ + imbr- imber ‘shower of rain, storm cloud’ + -ITE1]

ignis fatuus /ˌiɡnis ˈfætjʊəs/ n. (pl. ignes fatui /ˌiɡni:z ˈfætjʊai, ˌiɡneiz, ˈfætjʊi:/)  a will-o'-the-wisp 磷火，鬼火 [modern Latin, = foolish fire, because of its erratic movement]

ignite /iɡˈnait/ v.  1 tr.  set fire to; cause to burn 点火，使燃烧 2 intr.  catch fire 着火 3 tr. Chem.  heat to the point of combustion or chemical change 【化】加热使燃烧或发生化学变化 4 tr.  provoke or excite (feelings etc.) 激起(感情等) □ ignitable  adj.  □ ignitability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin ignire ignit- from ignis ‘fire’]

igniter /iɡˈnaitə/ n.  1  a device for igniting a fuel mixture in an engine (发动机内)点火装置，点火器 2  a device for causing an electric arc 引发电弧的装置

ignition /iɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a mechanism for, or the action of, starting the combustion of mixture in the cylinder of an internal-combustion engine (内燃机)点火装置；点火 2  the act or an instance of igniting or being ignited 点火；点燃 [French ignition or medieval Latin ignitio (as IGNITE)]

ignition key n.  a key to operate the ignition of a motor vehicle (机动车的)点火开关钥匙

ignitron /iɡˈnaitrɒn/ n. Electr.  a kind of rectifier with a mercury cathode, able to carry large currents 【电】引燃管 [IGNITE + -TRON]

ignoble /iɡˈnəʊb(ə)l/ adj. (ignobler, ignoblest)  1  dishonourable, mean, base 可耻的，卑鄙的，卑贱的 2  of low birth, position, or reputation 出身微贱的 □ ignobility  /-nəˈbiliti/ n.  □ ignobly  adv.   [French ignoble or Latin ignobilis (as IN-1, nobilis ‘noble’)]

ignominious /iɡnəˈminiəs/ adj.  1  causing or deserving ignominy 可耻的，耻辱的 2  humiliating 丢脸的，不光彩的 □ ignominiously  adv.  □ ignominiousness  n.   [Middle English from French ignominieux or Latin ignominiosus]

ignominy /ˈiɡnəmini/ n.  1  dishonour, infamy 不名誉，耻辱 2 archaic  infamous conduct [古义]丑行 [French ignominie or Latin ignominia (as IN-1, nomen ‘name’)]

ignoramus /iɡnəˈreiməs/ n. (pl. ignoramuses)  an ignorant person 浑噩无知的人 [Latin, = we do not know: in legal use (formerly of a grand jury rejecting a bill) ‘we take no notice of it’; modern sense perhaps from a character in Ruggle's Ignoramus (1615), a satirical comedy exposing lawyers' ignorance]

ignorance /ˈiɡn(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  lack of knowledge (about a thing) (对某事)无知，不了解 [Middle English via Old French from Latin ignorantia (as IGNORANT)]

ignorant /ˈiɡn(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  lacking knowledge or experience 没学识的；无经验的b (foll. by 后跟 of, in)  uninformed (about a fact or subject) (对事实、问题)不了解的 2 colloq.  ill-mannered, uncouth [口]粗鲁的，无教养的 □ ignorantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin ignorare ignorant- (as IGNORE)]■Usage 用法说明 It is better to follow ignorant by of (a fact etc.) or in (a subject etc.) than about, e.g. I was ignorant of my rights; I am ignorant in these matters. 最好在 ignorant 后接 of (一件事实等), 或 in (一个问题等), 而不用 about 。如 : I was ignorant of my rights (我对我应拥有的权利不了解); I am ignorant in these matters (对这些事情我一无所知)。 

ignore /iɡˈnɔ:/ v. tr.  1  refuse to take notice of or accept 不理睬；不顾 2  intentionally disregard 忽视，不重视 □ ignorable  adj.  □ ignorer  n.   [French ignorer or Latin ignorare ‘not know, ignore’ (as IN-1, gno- ‘know’)]

iguana /iˈɡwɑ:nə/ n.  any of various large lizards of the family Iguanidae native to America, the W. Indies, and some Pacific islands, having a spiny crest along the back 鬣蜥(一种产自美洲、西印度群岛及某些太平洋岛屿上的大蜥蜴) [Spanish from Taino or Carib iwana]

iguanodon /iˈɡwɑ:nədɒn/ n.  a large, partly bipedal herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous period, with a broad stiff tail and a spike on each thumb (白垩纪的)禽龙 [modern Latin, from IGUANA + Greek odous odontos ‘tooth’, from the resemblance of the teeth to those of the iguana]

i.h.p. abbr.  indicated horsepower [缩略]指示马力

IHS abbr.  Jesus [缩略]耶稣 [Middle English from Late Latin, representing Greek IH Σ = Iēs(ous) Jesus: often taken as an abbreviation of various Latin words]

ikebana /ikiˈbɑ:nə/ n.  the art of Japanese flower arrangement, with formal display according to strict rules (日本)插花艺术 [Japanese, = living flowers]

ikky var.  of ICKY  ICKY 的变体

ikon var.  of ICON  ICON 的变体

IL abbr. US  Illinois (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]伊利诺斯州(正式邮政用语)

il- /il/ prefix  assim. form of IN-1, IN-2 before l (用在 l 前) IN-1 、 IN-2 的同化形式

-il /əl, il/ suffix (also 亦作 -ile /ail/)  forming adjectives or nouns denoting relation  civil  民用的 utensil  器皿 or capability  agile  敏捷的 sessile  无柄的 构成形容词和名词，表示关系；及能力 [Old French from Latin -ilis]

ilang-ilang var.  of YLANG-YLANG  YLANG-YLANG 的变体

ilea pl.  of ILEUM  

ileitis /iliˈaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the ileum 【医】回肠炎

ileostomy /iliˈɒstəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical operation in which a damaged part is removed from the ileum and the cut end directed to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall 回肠造口术 [ILEUM + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

ileum /ˈiliəm/ n. (pl. ilea /iliə/) Anat.  the third and last portion of the small intestine 【解】回肠 □ ileac  adj.   [variant of ILIUM]

ileus /ˈiliəs/ n. Med.  any painful obstruction of the intestine, esp. of the ileum 【医】肠梗阻 [Latin from Greek (e)ileos ‘colic’]

ilex /ˈaileks/ n.  1  any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex, esp. the common holly 冬青属植物 2  the holm-oak 圣栎 [Middle English from Latin]

ilia pl.  of ILIUM  

iliac /ˈiliæk/ adj.  of the lower body or ilium 回肠的，髂骨的  iliac artery  髂动脉 [Late Latin iliacus (as ILIUM)]

ilium /ˈiliəm/ n. (pl. ilia /ˈiliə/)  1  the bone forming the upper part of each half of the human pelvis (人类)髂骨 2  the corresponding bone in animals (动物)髂骨 [Middle English from Latin]

ilk /ilk/ n.  1 colloq., usu. derog.  a family, class, sort, or kind [口] [通常贬]家族，等级，同类，同种  for John and his ilk there is only one kind of music  只有一种音乐可供约翰和他的家人欣赏 2 (in 用于 of that ilk) Sc.  of the same place, estate, or name [苏格兰] (地点、地产或姓名)相同 (Guthrie of that ilk 加斯里地区的加斯里家 = of Guthrie) [Old English ilca ‘same’]■Usage 用法说明 Of that ilk is a Scots term meaning ‘of the same place, estate, or name’. By misunderstanding ilk has come to mean ‘family’ or ‘sort’. This should be avoided in formal English. 短语 of that ilk 是苏格兰习语，意指地点、地产或姓名都相同。它可能会被误认为意指“家族”或“同类”的 ilk 。这种情况在正式英语中应避免。 

I'll /ail/ contr. [缩合]  I shall; I will 

Ill. abbr.  Illinois [缩略] (美)伊利诺斯州

ill /il/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. (作 attrib. except in sense 1 除释义 1 外)  1 (usu. 通常作 predic.; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  out of health; sick 不健康的；有病的  is ill  生病 was taken ill with pneumonia  得了肺炎 mentally ill people  精神病患者 2  wretched, unfavourable 坏的，不利的  ill fortune  命运不佳 ill luck  不幸 3  harmful 有害的  ill effects  恶果 4  hostile, unkind 有敌意的，不友善的  ill feeling  反感 5 archaic  morally bad [古义]道德败坏的 6  faulty, unskilful 不完善的，不灵巧的  ill taste  味道不佳 ill management  管理不善 7 (of manners or conduct) improper (方式、行为)不恰当的 ●adv.  1  badly, wrongly 坏地，恶劣地  ill-matched  不相称地 2  a  imperfectly 不完全，不完善  ill-provided  供应不充分b  scarcely 几乎不  can ill afford to do it  几乎不能做这件事 3  unfavourably 不利地  it would have gone ill with them  将对他们不利 ●n.  1  injury, harm 损害，伤害 2  evil; the opposite of good 邪恶；坏 □ do an ill turn to   harm (a person or a person's interests) 伤害(某人或损害某人的利益)□ ill at ease   embarrassed, uneasy 局促不安，不自在□ speak ill of   say something unfavourable about 说…的坏话 [Middle English from Old Norse illr, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 The use of ill to mean ‘vomiting’ or ‘tending to vomit’, as in He was outside being ill is non-standard. See also Usage Note at SICK1. 可用 ill 来表示“呕吐”或“想吐”，如 He was outside being ill (他想吐，在外面呆着)系非规范英语。另见 SICK1 的用法说明。 

ill-advised adj.  1 (of a person) foolish or imprudent (人)没脑筋的；鲁莽的 2 (of a plan etc.) not well formed or considered (计划等)不够谨慎的；考虑不周的 □ ill-advisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  

ill-affected adj. (foll. by 后跟 towards)  not well disposed 不抱好感的

ill-assorted adj.  not well matched 不协调的

illation /iˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a deduction or conclusion 推理；推断 2  a thing deduced 推断的事情 [Latin illatio from illatus, past part. of inferre INFER]

illative /iˈleitiv/ adj.  1  a (of a word) stating or introducing an inference (词语)引出推论的，演绎的b  inferential 推理的 2 Gram. (of a case) denoting motion into 【语法】(格)进入的 □ illatively  adv.   [Latin illativus (as ILLATION)]

ill-behaved adj.  having bad manners or conduct 行为不轨的；举止失检的

ill-bred adj.  badly brought up; rude 无教养的；粗野的 □ ill breeding  n.  

ill-conceived adj.  badly planned or conceived 计划不周的，构思欠缺的

ill-considered adj.  = ILL-ADVISED 2 

ill-defined adj.  not clearly defined 定义含混的

ill-disposed adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  unfavourably disposed 不赞成的 2  disposed to evil; malevolent 存心不良的，坏心眼的

illegal /iˈli:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not legal 非法的 2  contrary to law 违法的 □ illegality  /-ˈɡæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ illegally  adv.   [French illégal or medieval Latin illegalis (as IN-1, LEGAL)]

illegible /iˈledʒib(ə)l/ adj.  not legible 难以辨认的 □ illegibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ illegibly  adv.  

illegitimate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /iliˈdʒitimət/  1 (of a child) born of parents not married to each other (孩子)私生的 2  a  not authorized by law; unlawful 违法的，不合法的b  not in accordance with a rule; abnormal 不合规则的，不正常的 3  improper 不合理的 4  wrongly inferred 不合逻辑的 ●n. /iliˈdʒitimət/  a person whose position is illegitimate, esp. by birth 私生子 ●v. tr. /iliˈdʒitimeit/  declare or pronounce illegitimate 宣告…为非法(或私生) □ illegitimacy  n.  □ illegitimately  adv.   [Late Latin illegitimus (as IL-, LEGITIMATE)]

ill-equipped adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  not adequately equipped or qualified 装备不良的；资格不足的

ill fame n.  disrepute 臭名，恶名

ill-fated adj.  destined to or bringing bad fortune 注定要倒霉的，招致不幸的

ill-favoured adj. (US [美] ill-favored)  unattractive, displeasing, objectionable 丑陋的，令人不快的，讨厌的

ill feeling n.  bad feeling; animosity 反感；敌意

ill-fitting adj.  1  fitting badly 不相称的 2  inappropriate 不恰当的

ill-founded adj. (of an idea etc.) not well founded; baseless (主意等)无理的；没有根据的

ill-gotten adj.  gained by wicked or unlawful means 来路不正的；非法获取的

ill health n.  poor physical or mental condition (身、心)不健康

ill humour n.  moroseness, irritability 恶劣心绪，坏脾气 □ ill-humoured  adj.  

illiberal /iˈlib(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  intolerant, narrow-minded 不容异说的，气量狭窄的 2  without liberal culture 缺乏文化素养的 3  not generous; stingy 小气的；吝啬的 4  vulgar, sordid 粗俗的，卑鄙的 □ illiberality  /-ˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ illiberally  adv.   [French illibéral from Latin illiberalis ‘mean, sordid’ (as IN-1, LIBERAL)]

illicit /iˈlisit/ adj.  unlawful, forbidden 违法的，违禁的  illicit dealings  非法交易 □ illicitly  adv.  □ illicitness  n.   [French illicite or Latin illicitus (as IN-1, LICIT)]

illimitable /iˈlimitəb(ə)l/ adj.  limitless 无限的，无穷无尽的， □ illimitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ illimitably  adv.   [Late Latin illimitatus from Latin limitatus (as IN-1, Latin limitatus, past part. of limitare LIMIT)]

ill-informed adj.  inadequately informed 情况了解不多的；孤陋寡闻的

illiquid /iˈlikwid/ adj. (of assets) not easily converted into cash (资产)不易变现的 □ illiquidity  /-ˈkwiditi/ n.  

illiterate /iˈlit(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unable to read 目不识丁的 2  uneducated 未受教育的 ●n.  an illiterate person 文盲 □ illiteracy  n.  □ illiterately  adv.  □ illiterateness  n.   [Latin illitteratus (as IN-1, litteratus LITERATE)]

ill-judged adj.  unwise; badly considered 不明智的；判断失当的

ill-mannered adj.  having bad manners; rude 举止粗鲁的，无礼貌的

ill-matched adj.  badly matched; unsuited 不匹配的；不适合的

ill nature n.  churlishness, unkindness 粗暴，恶意 □ ill-natured  adj.  □ ill-naturedly  adv.  

illness /ilnis/ n.  1  a disease, ailment, or malady 疾病，病痛；病 2  the state of being ill 不健康(状态)

illogical /iˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  devoid of or contrary to logic 不合逻辑的；违背逻辑的 □ illogicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ illogically  adv.  

ill-omened adj.  attended by bad omens 凶兆的，不吉利的

ill-prepared adj.  badly or inadequately prepared 准备不足(不充分)的

ill-starred adj.  unlucky; destined to failure 不幸的；注定倒霉的

ill-suited adj.  1  not suited to doing something; unsuitable (做某事)不相宜的；不适合的 2  inappropriate 不恰当的

ill temper n.  moroseness 坏脾气 □ ill-tempered  adj.  

ill-timed adj.  done or occurring at an inappropriate time (做或发生某事)不适时的；不合时宜的

ill-treat v. tr.  treat badly; abuse 折磨；虐待 □ ill-treatment  n.  

illude /iˈlu:d, iˈlju:d/ v. tr. literary  trick or deceive [文学用语]哄骗；欺骗 [Middle English, = mock, from Latin illudere (as ILLUSION)]

illume /iˈlu:m, iˈlju:m/ v. tr. poet.  light up; make bright [诗]照亮；照明 [shortening of ILLUMINE]

illuminance /iˈlu:minəns, iˈlju:-/ n. Physics  the amount of luminous flux per unit area 【物理学】照度，光通量密度

illuminant /iˈlu:minənt, iˈlju:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a means of illumination 光源，发光物(体) ●adj.  serving to illuminate 照明的，发光的 [Latin illuminant-, part. stem of illuminare ILLUMINATE]

illuminate /iˈlu:mineit, iˈlju:-/ v. tr.  1  light up; make bright 照亮，照明 2  decorate (buildings etc.) with lights as a sign of festivity (节日)用灯装饰(建筑物等) 3  decorate (an initial letter, a manuscript, etc.) with gold, silver, or brilliant colours (用金色、银色、鲜艳的色彩等)装饰(首字母、手稿等) 4  help to explain (a subject etc.) 阐明，说明(问题等) 5  enlighten spiritually or intellectually 启迪；启发 6  shed lustre on 使光辉灿烂 □ illuminating  adj.  □ illuminatingly  adv.  □ illuminative  /-neitiv, -nətiv/ adj.  □ illuminator  n.   [Latin illuminare (as IN-2, lumen luminis ‘light’)]

illuminati /iˌlu:miˈnɑ:ti, iˌlju:-/ n. pl.  1  persons claiming to possess special knowledge or enlightenment 自称先知先觉者 2 (作 Illuminati) hist.  any of various intellectual movements or societies of illuminati [史义]主张宗教开明的运动(社团) □ illuminism  /iˈlu:miniz(ə)m, iˈlju:-/ n.  □ illuminist  /iˈlu:minist, iˈlju:-/ n.   [pl. of Italian illuminato ‘enlightened’ or Latin illuminatus, past part. of illuminare (as ILLUMINATE)]

illumination /iˌlu:miˈneiʃ(ə)n, iˌlju:-/ n.  1  the act or process of illuminating 照明；照亮 2 (in pl. 用复数)  lights used in decorating a street, building, etc. (用来装饰街道、建筑物等的)灯饰

illumine /iˈlu:min, iˈlju:-/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  light up; make bright 照亮；照明 2  enlighten spiritually 启发 [Middle English via Old French illuminer from Latin (as ILLUMINATE)]

ill use n.  ill-treatment 折磨 □ ill-use  v. tr.  

illusion /iˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, iˈlju:-/ n.  1  deception, delusion 幻觉，幻想 2  a misapprehension of the true state of affairs 错觉 3  a  the faulty perception of an external object (客观事物的)错误印象b  an instance of this 幻觉的一个实例 4  a figment of the imagination 凭空想像的事 5  = OPTICAL ILLUSION  □ be under the illusion  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  believe mistakenly 误信□ illusional  adj.   [Middle English via French from Latin illusio -onis, from illudere ‘mock’ (as IN-2, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

illusionist /iˈlu:ʒ(ə)nist, iˈlju:-/ n.  a person who produces illusions; a conjuror 空想家；魔术师 □ illusionism  n.  □ illusionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

illusive /iˈlu:siv, iˈlju:-/ adj.  = ILLUSORY  [medieval Latin illusivus (as ILLUSION)]

illusory /iˈlu:s(ə)ri, iˈlju:-/ adj.  1  deceptive (esp. as regards value or content) (尤指在价值、内容方面)迷惑人的，欺骗的 2  having the character of an illusion 幻觉的 □ illusorily  adv.  □ illusoriness  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin illusorius (as ILLUSION)]

illustrate /ˈiləstreit/ v. tr.  1  a  provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures 给(书籍、报纸等)加上插图b  elucidate (a description etc.) by drawings or pictures (用画、图)阐述(说明等) 2  serve as an example of 作为…例证 3  explain or make clear, esp. by examples (尤指用例子)说明；阐明 [earlier = shed light on, light up: Latin illustrare (as IN-2, lustrare ‘light up’)]

illustration /iləˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a drawing or picture illustrating a book, magazine article, etc. (书、杂志、文章等中的)插图(或照片) 2  an example serving to elucidate 图解 3  the act or an instance of illustrating 例证，实例 □ illustrational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin illustratio -onis (as ILLUSTRATE)]

illustrative /ˈiləstrətiv, iˈlʌst-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  serving as an explanation or example 用作说明的；作为例证的 □ illustratively  adv.  

illustrator /ˈiləstreitə/ n.  a person who makes illustrations, esp. for magazines, books, advertising copy, etc. (尤指为杂志、书籍、广告等制作插图的)插图画家

illustrious /iˈlʌstriəs/ adj.  distinguished, renowned 杰出的，著名的 □ illustriously  adv.  □ illustriousness  n.   [Latin illustris (as ILLUSTRATE)]

ill will n.  bad feeling; animosity 恶意；仇恨

ill wind n.  an unfavourable or untoward circumstance (with reference to the proverb it's an ill wind that blows nobody good) (没有对人人都有害的坏事；害于此者利于彼) 不利的(不适宜的)环境

Illyrian /iˈliriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Illyria on the Balkan coast of the Adriatic (corresponding to parts of modern Albania, Slovenia, and Croatia) 伊利里亚的，与伊利里亚有关的(亚得里亚海巴尔干海岸一地区，相当于现今的阿尔巴尼亚、斯洛文尼亚和克罗蒂亚) 2  of the language group represented by modern Albanian (以现代阿尔巴尼亚语为代表的)伊利里亚语族的 ●n.  1  a native of Illyria; a person of Illyrian descent 伊利里亚人；伊利里亚后裔 2  a  the language of Illyria 伊利里亚语b  the language group represented by modern Albanian (以现代阿尔巴尼亚语为代表的)伊利里亚语族

illywhacker /ˈiliwækə/ n. Austral. slang  a professional trickster [澳] [俚语]职业魔术师 [20th c.: origin unknown]

ilmenite /ˈilmənait/ n.  a black ore of titanium 钛铁矿 [Ilmen mountains in the Urals]

ILO abbr.  International Labour Organization [缩略] (联合国)国际劳工组织

ILR abbr.  Independent Local Radio [缩略] (英国)独立地方广播公司

-ily /ili/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -y (see 见 -Y1, -LY2) 构成与以 y 结尾的形容词相关的副词

I'm /aim/ contr. [缩合]  I am 

im- /im/ prefix  assim. form of IN-1, IN-2 before b, m, p (用在 b 、 m 、 p 前) IN-1 、 IN-2 的同化形式

image /ˈimidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a representation of the external form of a person or thing in sculpture, painting, etc. 塑像，肖像(石像等) 2  the character or reputation of a person or thing as generally perceived 形象；声誉 3  an optical appearance or counterpart produced by light or other radiation from an object reflected in a mirror, refracted through a lens, etc. (镜子或透镜反映出的)映像；镜像 4  semblance, likeness 外貌，外表  God created man in His own image  上帝按照自己的形象造人 5  a person or thing that closely resembles another 酷似的人(或物)  is the image of his father  酷似其父亲 6  a typical example 典型 7  a simile or metaphor 明喻；隐喻 8  a  a mental representation (头脑中的)形象b  an idea or conception 思想；想法 9 Math.  a set formed by mapping from another set 【数】像点 ●v. tr.  1  make an image of; portray 作…的像，画像 2  reflect, mirror 反映，照出 3  describe or imagine vividly (生动地)描绘；想像 4  typify 象征 □ imageable  adj.  □ imageless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin imago -ginis, related to IMITATE]

image intensifier n.  a device used to make a brighter version of an image on a photoelectric screen 图像增强器

image-maker n.  a person employed to create a public image for a politician, product, etc. (政客、产品等的)形象设计师

image processing n.  the analysis and manipulation of an (esp. digitized) image, esp. to improve its quality (尤指对数字图像的)图像处理 □ image processor  n.  

imagery /ˈimidʒ(ə)ri/ n.  1  figurative illustration, esp. as used by an author for particular effects (作者为特殊效果而做的)形象化描述 2  images collectively (总称)像，肖像，画像 3  statuary, carving 塑像，雕像 4  mental images collectively (总称)意象 [Middle English from Old French imagerie (as IMAGE)]

imaginable /iˈmædʒinəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be imagined 可想像的  the greatest difficulty imaginable  可能想像的最大困难 □ imaginably  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin imaginabilis (as IMAGINE)]

imaginal /iˈmædʒin(ə)l/ adj.  1  of an image or images 想像的；形象的 2 Zool.  of or relating to an adult insect or imago 【动】成虫的；与成虫有关的 [Latin imago imagin-: see IMAGE]

imaginary /iˈmædʒin(ə)ri/ adj.  1  existing only in the imagination 想像中的，假想的 2 Math.  being the square root of a negative quantity, and plotted graphically in a direction usu. perpendicular to the axis of real quantities 【数】虚数的 □ imaginarily  adv.   [Middle English from Latin imaginarius (as IMAGE)]

imagination /iˌmædʒiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a mental faculty forming images or concepts of external objects not present to the senses 想像 2  the ability of the mind to be creative or resourceful (大脑)想像力 3  the process of imagining 假想，幻想 [Middle English via Old French from Latin imaginatio -onis (as IMAGINE)]

imaginative /iˈmædʒinətiv/ adj.  1  having or showing in a high degree the faculty of imagination 富于想像力的；有想像力的 2  given to using the imagination 沉溺于想像的，爱想像的 □ imaginatively  adv.  □ imaginativeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French imaginatif -ive from medieval Latin imaginativus (as IMAGINE)]

imagine /iˈmædʒin/ v. tr.  1  a  form a mental image or concept of 想像b  picture to oneself (something non-existent or not present to the senses) 幻想 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  think or conceive 认为；设想  imagined them to be soldiers  认为他们是战士 3  guess 猜想，推测  cannot imagine what they are doing  猜不出他们在干什么 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  suppose; be of the opinion 设想；认为  I imagine you will need help  我想你需要帮助 5 (absol. [含宾]; in imper. 用于祈使句)  as an exclamation of surprise 表示惊讶  just imagine!  想想看！ □ imaginer  n.   [Middle English via Old French imaginer from Latin imaginari (as IMAGE)]

imagines pl.  of IMAGO  

imaginings /iˈmædʒiniŋz/ n. pl.  fancies, fantasies 幻想，幻想的作品

imagism /ˈimidʒiz(ə)m/ n.  a movement in early 20th-c. poetry which sought clarity of expression through the use of precise images 意象主义，意象派 (20 世纪早期的诗歌流派，通过精确的形象描述，寻求清晰的表现形式) □ imagist  n.  □ imagistic  /-ˈdʒistik/ adj.  

imago /iˈmeiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or imagines /iˈmeidʒini:z/)  1 Zool.  the final and fully developed stage of an insect after all metamorphoses, e.g. a butterfly or beetle 【动】成虫(如蝴蝶、甲虫) 2 Psychol.  an idealized mental picture of oneself or others, esp. a parent 【心】(尤指童年时期对父母形成的理想形象)无意识意象 [modern Latin sense of imago IMAGE]

imam /iˈmɑ:m/ n.  1  a leader of prayers in a mosque (清真寺中率领做礼拜的人)伊玛目，阿訇 2  a title of various Muslim leaders, esp. of one succeeding Muhammad as leader of Islam 伊玛目(伊斯兰教领袖的头衔) □ imamate  /-meit/ n.   [Arabic 'imɑˉm ‘leader’ from 'amma ‘precede’]

IMAX /ˈaimæks/ n. propr.  a technique of wide-screen cinematography which produces an image approx. ten times larger than that from standard 35 mm film [商标] (比 35 毫米胶片放映出的影像大 10 倍的)宽银幕(技术) [from i- (probably representing pronunciation of EYE) + MAXIMUM]

imbalance /imˈbæl(ə)ns/ n.  1  lack of balance 不平衡 2  disproportion 失调

imbecile /ˈimbisi:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person of abnormally weak intellect, esp. an adult with a mental age of about five (尤指成人智力如同 5 岁小孩似的)低能儿 2 colloq.  a stupid person [口]傻瓜 ●adj.  mentally weak; stupid, idiotic 低能的；愚笨的，白痴的 □ imbecilic  /-ˈsilik/ adj.  □ imbecility  /-ˈsiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [in earlier use also = physically weak: French imbécil(l)e from Latin imbecillus (as IN-1, baculum ‘stick’) literally ‘without supporting staff’]

imbed var.  of EMBED  EMBED 的变体

imbibe /imˈbaib/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  drink (esp. alcoholic liquor) 喝(尤指含酒精饮料) 2  a  absorb or assimilate (ideas etc.) 吸收；接受(想法等)b  absorb (moisture etc.) 吸收(水分等) 3  inhale (air etc.) 吸入(空气等) □ imbiber  n.  □ imbibition  /imbiˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin imbibere (as IN-2, bibere ‘drink’)]

imbricate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈimbrikeit/  arrange (leaves, the scales of a fish, etc.), or be arranged, so as to overlap like roof tiles (叶子、鱼鳞等) (使)叠盖；(使)成鳞状 ●adj. /ˈimbrikət/  having scales etc. arranged in this way 鳞甲状的 □ imbrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin imbricare imbricat- ‘cover with rain-tiles’, via imbrex -icis ‘rain-tile’ from imber ‘shower’]

imbroglio /imˈbrəʊliəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a confused or complicated situation 错综复杂的局面 2  a confused heap 乱糟糟的一团 [Italian imbrogliare ‘confuse’ (as EMBROIL)]

imbrue /imˈbru:/ v. tr. (imbrues, imbrued, imbruing) (foll. by 后跟 in, with) literary  stain (one's hand, sword, etc.) [文学用语] (用血)沾污(某人的手、剑等) [Old French embruer ‘bedabble’ (as IN-2, breu, ultimately from Germanic, related to BROTH)]

imbue /imˈbju:/ v. tr. (imbues, imbued, imbuing) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  inspire or permeate (with feelings, opinions, or qualities) (用感情、观点或品质)激起；充满 2  saturate 使浸透 3  dye 使染上 [originally as past part., via French imbu or Latin imbutus from imbuere ‘moisten’]

I.Mech.E. abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Mechanical Engineers [缩略] (英国)机械工程师协会

IMF abbr.  International Monetary Fund [缩略] (联合国)国际货币基金组织

imide /ˈimaid/ n. Chem.  an organic compound containing the group (－ CO · NH · CO －) formed by replacing two of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia by carbonyl groups 【化】酰亚胺 [originally French: arbitrary alteration of AMIDE]

I.Min.E. abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Mining Engineers [缩略] (英国)采矿工程师协会

imine /ˈimi:n/ n. Chem.  a compound containing the group (－ NH －) formed by replacing two of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia by other groups 【化】亚胺 [German Imin, arbitrary alteration of Amin AMINE]

imitate /ˈimiteit/ v. tr.  1  follow the example of; copy the action(s) of 效法，模仿 2  mimic 模拟 3  make a copy of; reproduce 仿造 4  be (consciously or not) like 假冒，冒充 □ imitable  adj.  □ imitator  n.   [Latin imitari imitat-, related to imago IMAGE]

imitation /imiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of imitating or being imitated 模仿；仿效 2  a copy 仿造品 3  counterfeit 膺品，伪造品 often 常作 attrib.: imitation leather  人造革 4 Mus.  the repetition of a phrase etc., usu. at a different pitch, in another part or voice 【音】模仿(通常以不同音高，在不同声部重复使用乐句等) [French imitation or Latin imitatio (as IMITATE)]

imitative /ˈimitətiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  imitating; following a model or example 模仿的，仿效的 2  counterfeit 伪造的 3  of a word 词语 :a  that reproduces a natural sound (e.g. 如 fizz 嘶嘶声) 象声的b  whose sound is thought to correspond to the appearance etc. of the object or action described (e.g. 如 blob 一滴) 拟声的 □ imitatively  adv.  □ imitativeness  n.   [Late Latin imitativus (as IMITATE)]

imitative arts n. pl.  painting and sculpture (绘画、雕塑)模拟艺术

immaculate /iˈmækjʊlət/ adj.  1  pure, spotless; perfectly clean or neat and tidy 纯洁的，无瑕疵的；整洁的 2  perfectly or extremely well executed 精确完美的  an immaculate performance  完美的演出 3  free from fault; innocent 无过失的，清白无辜的 4 Biol.  not spotted 【生】无(斑)点的 □ immaculacy  n.  □ immaculately  adv.  □ immaculateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin immaculatus (as IN-1, maculatus from macula ‘spot’)]

Immaculate Conception n. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1  the doctrine that God preserved the Virgin Mary from the taint of original sin from the moment she was conceived (关于圣母马利亚因蒙受天恩自怀孕之始即无原罪的)无沾成胎说，圣灵感孕说 2 8 Dec., the feast of the Immaculate Conception (12 月 8 日)圣母无沾成胎节

immanent /ˈimənənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  indwelling, inherent 存在于内心中的，内在的 2 (of the supreme being) permanently pervading the universe (opp. 反义 TRANSCENDENT 4) (上帝)无所不在的 □ immanence  n.  □ immanency  n.  □ immanentism  n.  □ immanentist  n.   [Late Latin immanēre (as IN-2, manēre ‘remain’)]

immaterial /iməˈtiəriəl/ adj.  1  of no essential consequence; unimportant 非本质的；不重要的 2  not material; incorporeal 非物质的；非实体的 □ immateriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ immaterialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ immaterially  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin immaterialis (as IN-1, MATERIAL)]

immaterialism /iməˈtiəriəliz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that matter has no objective existence 非物质论 □ immaterialist  n.  

immature /iməˈtjʊə/ adj.  1  not mature or fully developed 未发育全的，未成熟的 2  lacking emotional or intellectual development (感情、智力)发育不健全的 3  unripe 未成熟的 □ immaturely  adv.  □ immaturity  n.   [Latin immaturus (as IN-1, MATURE)]

immeasurable /iˈmeʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  not measurable; immense 无法计量的；巨大的 □ immeasurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ immeasurably  adv.  

immediate /iˈmi:diət/ adj.  1  occurring or done at once or without delay 立即的；即刻的  an immediate reply  即刻答复 2  nearest, next; not separated by others 最接近的，紧接的；贴近的  the immediate vicinity  近邻地区 the immediate future  最近的将来 my immediate neighbour  我的紧邻 3  most pressing or urgent; of current concern 最急迫的；最紧急的；当务之急的  our immediate concern was to get him to hospital  我们当务之急是把他送往医院 4 (of a relation or action) having direct effect; without an intervening medium or agency (关系、行动)直接的；无中介的  the immediate cause of death  直接死因 5 (of knowledge, reactions, etc.) intuitive; gained or exhibited without reasoning (感知、反应等)直觉的；直观的 □ immediacy  n.  □ immediateness  n.   [Middle English from French immédiat or Late Latin immediatus (as IN-1, MEDIATE)]

immediately /iˈmi:diətli/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  1  without pause or delay 立刻，马上 2  without intermediary 直接地 ●conj. esp. Brit.  as soon as [尤英]一…就…

immedicable /iˈmedikəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be healed or cured 不可救药的，无法治疗的 [Latin immedicabilis (as IN-1, MEDICABLE)]

immemorial /imiˈmɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  ancient beyond memory or record 太古的，无法追忆的，文字记录之前的 2  very old 古老的 □ immemorially  adv.   [medieval Latin immemorialis (as IN-1, MEMORIAL)]

immense /iˈmens/ adj.  1  immeasurably large or great; huge 极大的，巨大的，广大的 2  very great; considerable 非常大，相当大  made an immense difference  造成极大的差异 3 colloq.  very good [口]非常好的 □ immenseness  n.  □ immensity  n.   [Middle English from French from Latin immensus ‘immeasurable’ (as IN-1, mensus, past part. of metiri ‘measure’)]

immensely /iˈmensli/ adv.  1  very much 非常  enjoyed myself immensely  我乐不可支 2  to an immense degree 极大地

immerse /iˈmɜ:s/ v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  dip, plunge 浸，浸入b  cause (a person) to be completely under water 使(某人)沉浸(在水中) 2 (often 常作 refl., or in passive 用被动); (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  absorb or involve deeply 使专心于；使深陷于 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  bury, embed 把…埋入，把…嵌入 [Latin immergere (as IN-2, mergere mers- ‘dip’)]

immersion /iˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of immersing; the process of being immersed 沉浸；浸没 2  baptism by immersing the whole person in water (全身入水的)浸礼，洗礼 3  mental absorption 专心于(思考) 4 Astron.  the disappearance of a celestial body behind another or in its shadow 【天】掩始 [Middle English from Late Latin immersio (as IMMERSE)]

immersion heater n.  an electric heater designed for direct immersion in a liquid to be heated, esp. as a fixture in a hot water tank (尤指热水箱内的)浸入式加热器

immigrant /ˈimiɡr(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who immigrates (自国外移入的)移民 ●adj.  1  immigrating 移入的 2  of or concerning immigrants 移民的，与移民有关的

immigrate /ˈimiɡreit/ v.  1 intr.  come as a permanent resident to a country other than one's native land (从外国)移入 2 tr.  bring in (a person) as an immigrant 使(某人)移居入境 □ immigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ immigratory  adj.   [Latin immigrare (as IN-2, MIGRATE)]

imminent /ˈiminənt/ adj.  1 (of an event, esp. danger) impending; about to happen (事件，尤指危险)逼近的，即将临头的 2 archaic  overhanging [古义]悬垂的 □ imminence  n.  □ imminently  adv.   [Latin imminēre imminent- ‘overhang, project’]

immiscible /iˈmisib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  that cannot be mixed 不能混合的 □ immiscibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ immiscibly  adv.   [Late Latin immiscibilis (as IN-1, MISCIBLE)]

immitigable /iˈmitiɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be mitigated 不能缓和的 □ immitigably  adv.   [Late Latin immitigabilis (as IN-1, MITIGATE)]

immittance /iˈmit(ə)ns/ n. Electr.  admittance or impedance (when not distinguished) 【电】导抗，阻抗 [impedance + admittance]

immixture /iˈmikstʃə/ n.  1  the process of mixing up 混合，融合 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  being involved 卷入，牵连

immobile /iˈməʊbail/ adj.  1  not moving 不活动的 2  not able to move or be moved 固定的；不能移动的 □ immobility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin immobilis (as IN-1, MOBILE)]

immobilize /iˈməʊbilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make or keep immobile 使不动，使固定 2  make (esp. a vehicle or troops) incapable of being moved 使(尤指车辆、部队)不能调动 3  keep (a limb or patient) restricted in movement for healing purposes (为治疗目的)使(肢体或病人)不动 4  restrict the free movement of 限制自由移动 5  withdraw (coins) from circulation to support banknotes (为有助纸币发行)回收(硬币)使不流通 □ immobilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ immobilizer  n.   [French immobiliser (as IMMOBILE)]

immoderate /iˈmɒd(ə)rət/ adj.  excessive; lacking moderation 无节制的；过度的，极端的 □ immoderately  adv.  □ immoderateness  n.  □ immoderation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin immoderatus (as IN-1, MODERATE)]

immodest /iˈmɒdist/ adj.  1  lacking modesty; forward, impudent 不谦虚的；无礼的，粗鲁的 2  lacking due decency 厚颜无耻的 □ immodestly  adv.  □ immodesty  n.   [French immodeste or Latin immodestus (as IN-1, MODEST)]

immolate /ˈimə(ʊ)leit/ v. tr.  1  kill or offer as a sacrifice 宰杀…作祭品 2 literary  sacrifice (a valued thing) [文学用语]牺牲(有价值之物) □ immolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ immolator  n.   [Latin immolare ‘sprinkle with sacrificial meal’ (as IN-2, mola MEAL2)]

immoral /iˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj.  1  not conforming to accepted standards of morality (cf. 参见 AMORAL) 不道德的 2  morally wrong (esp. in sexual matters) (尤在性生活方面)淫荡的 3  depraved, dissolute 腐化堕落的，放荡的 □ immorality  /iməˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ immorally  adv.  

immortal /iˈmɔ:t(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  living for ever; not mortal 永生的，不死的b  divine 神的，神圣的 2  unfading, incorruptible 流芳百世的，不朽的 3  likely or worthy to be famous for all time 名垂千古的 ●n.  1  a  an immortal being 永生不朽者b (in pl. 用复数)  the gods of antiquity 古代诸神 2  a person (esp. an author) of enduring fame 声名恒久的人(尤指作家) 3 (作 Immortal)  a member of the French Academy 法国科学院院士 □ immortality  /imɔ:ˈtæliti/ n.  □ immortalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ immortalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ immortally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin immortalis (as IN-1, MORTAL)]

immortelle /imɔ:ˈtel/ n.  a flower of the daisy family with papery texture, retaining its shape and colour after being dried, esp. a helichrysum 不凋花(菊科植物，其花干后形状及顔色均不变，尤指蜡菊属植物) [French, fem. of immortel IMMORTAL]

immovable /iˈmu:vəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 immoveable) ●adj.  1  that cannot be moved 不可移动的 2  steadfast, unyielding 固定不动的；不屈不挠的 3  emotionless 无情的，冷淡的 4  not subject to change 不会改变的  immovable law  终生法 5  motionless 固定的，不动的 6 Law (of property) consisting of land, houses, etc. 【法律】(包括土地、房屋等的财产)不动的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数) Law  immovable property 【法律】不动产 □ immovability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ immovably  adv.  

immovable feast n.  a religious feast day that occurs on the same date each year (每年固定日期的)宗教节日

immune /iˈmju:n/ adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 against, from, to) Biol.  resistant to a particular infection, toxin, etc., owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells 【生】免疫(性)的b  relating to immunity 免疫原的；与免疫有关的  immune mechanism  免疫机制 2 (foll. by 后跟 from, to)  free or exempt from or not subject to (some undesirable factor or circumstance) (对某种令人不快的因素或环境)不受影响的，无影响的 [Middle English from Latin immunis ‘exempt from public service or charge’ (as IN-1, munis ‘ready for service’): sense 1 via French immun]

immune response n.  the reaction of the body to the introduction into it of an antigen 免疫反应(响应)

immunity /iˈmju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Biol.  the ability of an organism to resist a specific infection, toxin, etc. 【生】免疫力 2  freedom or exemption from an obligation, penalty, or unfavourable circumstance 免除，豁免 [Middle English from Latin immunitas (as IMMUNE): sense 1 via French immunité]

immunize /ˈimjʊnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make immune, esp. to infection, usu. by inoculation (常通过接种，尤对传染病)使免疫 □ immunization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ immunizer  n.  

immuno- /ˈimjʊnəʊ, iˈmju:nəʊ/ comb. form  immunity to infection [构词成分]免疫

immunoassay /ˌimjʊnəʊˈæsei, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n. Biochem.  the determination of the presence or quantity of a substance, esp. a protein, through its properties as an antigen or antibody 【生化】免疫测定

immunochemistry /ˌimjʊnəʊˈkemistri, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n.  1  the chemical study of immune systems 免疫化学 2  the use of specific immune reactions in the study of biological molecules (研究生物分子)免疫反应的使用

immunocompromised /ˌimjʊnəʊˈkɒmprəmaizd/ adj. Med.  having an impaired immune system 【医】免疫系统功能受损的

immunodeficiency /ˌimjʊnəʊdiˈfiʃ(ə)nsi, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n.  a reduction in a person's normal immune defences 免疫缺陷

immunogenic /ˌimjʊnəʊˈdʒenik, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ adj. Biochem.  of, relating to, or possessing the ability to elicit an immune response 【生化】免疫原的；与免疫原有关的；免疫原性的

immunoglobulin /ˌimjʊnəʊˈɡlɒbjʊlin, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of structurally related blood proteins which function as antibodies 【生化】免疫球蛋白

immunology /imjʊˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of immunity 免疫学 □ immunologic  /-nəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ immunological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ immunologically  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ immunologist  n.  

immunosuppressed /ˌimjʊnəʊsəˈprest, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ adj. (of an individual) rendered partially or completely unable to react immunologically (个人)免疫抑制的

immunosuppression /ˌimjʊnəʊsəˈpreʃ(ə)n, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n. Biochem.  the partial or complete suppression of the immune response of an individual, esp. to maintain the survival of an organ after a transplant operation 【生化】免疫抑制 □ immunosuppressant  n.  

immunosuppressive /ˌimjʊnəʊsəˈpresiv, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  partially or completely suppressing the immune response of an individual 免疫抑制的 ●n.  an immunosuppressive drug 免疫抑制剂

immunotherapy /ˌimjʊnəʊˈθerəpi, iˌmju:nəʊ-/ n. Med.  the prevention or treatment of disease with substances that stimulate the immune response 【医】免疫疗法

immure /iˈmjʊə/ v. tr.  1  enclose within walls; imprison 囚禁；监禁 2 refl.  shut oneself away 闭门不出 □ immurement  n.   [French emmurer or medieval Latin immurare (as IN-2, murus ‘wall’)]

immutable /iˈmju:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unchangeable 不可改变的 2  not subject to variation in different cases 永恒不变的 □ immutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ immutably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin immutabilis (as IN-1, MUTABLE)]

imp /imp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mischievous child 顽童，小淘气 2  a small mischievous devil or sprite 小鬼；小精灵 ●v. tr.  1  add feathers to (the wing of a falcon) to restore or improve its flight 移植羽毛于(猎鹰的翅膀) 2 archaic  enlarge; add by grafting [古义]增大；(用嫁接法)补充 [Old English impa, impe ‘young shoot, scion’, impian ‘to graft’: ultimately from Greek emphutos ‘implanted’, past part. of emphuō]

impact n. & v. ●n. /ˈimpækt/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, against)  the action of one body coming forcibly into contact with another 碰撞，冲击 2  an effect or influence, esp. when strong (尤指巨大的)效果；影响 ●v. /imˈpækt/  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, into)  press or fix firmly 压紧；插紧 2 tr. (as 作 impacted adj.)  a (of a tooth) wedged between another tooth and the jaw (牙齿)阻生(的)b (of a fractured bone) with the parts crushed together (折骨)嵌塞(的)c (of faeces) lodged in the intestine (粪便在肠内)积聚，充满 3  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  have an impact 产生影响b tr.  have an impact on 对…有影响 □ impaction  /imˈpækʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin impact-, part. stem of impingere IMPINGE]

impair /imˈpɛə/ v. tr.  damage or weaken 损害；削弱 □ impairment  n.   [Middle English empeire from Old French empeirier (as IN-2, Late Latin pejorare from Latin pejor ‘worse’)]

impala /imˈpɑ:lə, -ˈpælə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a medium-sized antelope, Aepyceros melampus, of S. and E. Africa, capable of long high jumps 黑斑羚；高角羚(产于南非和东非能跳得远且高) [Zulu]

impale /imˈpeil/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, with)  transfix or pierce with a sharp instrument (用尖物)刺穿；钉住 2 Heraldry  combine (two coats of arms) by placing them side by side on one shield separated by a vertical line down the middle 【纹章学】将(两枚纹章)并置于一个盾上 □ impalement  n.   [French empaler or medieval Latin impalare (as IN-2, palus ‘stake’)]

impalpable /imˈpælpəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not easily grasped by the mind; intangible 难以理解的，难以确定的 2  imperceptible to the touch 触摸不到的 3 (of powder) very fine; not containing grains that can be felt (粉末)极细的；细得试不出颗粒的 □ impalpability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impalpably  adv.   [French impalpable or Late Latin impalpabilis (as IN-1, PALPABLE)]

impanel var.  of EMPANEL  EMPANEL 的变体

impark /imˈpɑ:k/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  enclose (animals) in a park 围(动物)在园内 2  enclose (land) for a park 围(地)作公园 [Middle English from Anglo-French enparker, Old French emparquer (as IN-2, parc PARK)]

impart /imˈpɑ:t/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  communicate (news etc.) 通知，告诉(消息等) 2  give a share of (a thing) 把(某物)分给 □ impartation  /impɑ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French impartir from Latin impartire (as IN-2, pars ‘part’)]

impartial /imˈpɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  treating all sides in a dispute etc. equally; unprejudiced, fair 不偏不倚的；无偏见的，公正的 □ impartiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ impartially  adv.  

impassable /imˈpɑ:səb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be traversed 不可通过的，不可逾越的 □ impassability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impassableness  n.  □ impassably  adv.  

impasse /æmˈpɑ:s, ˈæmpɑ:s/ n.  a position from which progress is impossible; deadlock 绝境，僵局 [French (as IN-1, passer PASS1)]

impassible /imˈpæsib(ə)l/ adj.  1  impassive 无感情的 2  incapable of feeling or emotion 麻木的，无动于衷的 3  incapable of suffering injury 不易受伤害的，不感疼痛的 4 Theol.  not subject to suffering 【神】不受苦难的 □ impassibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impassibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin impassibilis (as IN-1, PASSIBLE)]

impassion /imˈpæʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  fill with passion; arouse emotionally 使…充满激情；激起…热情 [Italian impassionare (as IN-2, PASSION)]

impassioned /imˈpæʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  deeply felt; ardent 感动的；充满热情的  an impassioned plea  热切恳求

impassive /imˈpæsiv/ adj.  1  a  deficient in or incapable of feeling emotion 麻木的；无动于衷的b  undisturbed by passion; serene 不为感情所动，冷静的 2  without sensation 无感觉的 3  not subject to suffering 不受苦难的 □ impassively  adv.  □ impassiveness  n.  □ impassivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.  

impasto /imˈpæstəʊ/ n. Art 【艺术】  1  the process of laying on paint thickly 厚涂颜料 2  this technique of painting 厚涂法 [Italian impastare (as IN-2, pastare ‘paste’)]

impatiens /imˈpeiʃienz/ n.  any plant of the genus Impatiens, including busy Lizzie, balsam, and touch-me-not 凤仙花属植物 [modern Latin from IMPATIENT]

impatient /imˈpeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with)  lacking patience or tolerance 无耐心的，难忍的b (of an action) showing a lack of patience (行动)不耐烦的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  restlessly eager 迫不急待的 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  intolerant 不能忍受的 □ impatience  n.  □ impatiently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin impatiens (as IN-1, PATIENT)]

impeach /imˈpi:tʃ/ v. tr.  1 Brit.  charge with a crime against the State, esp. treason [英]控告(犯有危害国家罪，尤指叛国罪) 2 esp. US  charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct [尤美]弹劾(政府官员) 3  call in question, disparage (a person's integrity etc.) 怀疑，贬低(正直等) □ impeachable  adj.  □ impeachment  n.   [Middle English via Old French empecher ‘impede’ from Late Latin impedicare ‘entangle’ (as IN-2, pedica ‘fetter’ from pes pedis ‘foot’)]

impeccable /imˈpekəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of behaviour, performance, etc.) faultless, exemplary (行为、行事等)无缺点的，模范的 2  not liable to sin 不会犯罪的 □ impeccability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impeccably  adv.   [Latin impeccabilis (as IN-1, peccare ‘sin’)]

impecunious /impiˈkju:niəs/ adj.  having little or no money 贫穷的，一文不名的 □ impecuniosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ impecuniousness  n.   [IN-1 + obsolete pecunious ‘having money’ from Latin pecuniosus, via pecunia ‘money’ from pecu ‘cattle’]

impedance /imˈpi:d(ə)ns/ n.  1 Electr.  the total effective resistance of an electric circuit etc. to alternating current, arising from ohmic resistance and reactance 【电】交流电阻，电阻 2  an analogous mechanical property 阻抗 [IMPEDE + -ANCE]■Usage 用法说明 Impedance, a technical term, is sometimes confused with impediment which means ‘a hindrance’ or ‘a speech defect’. impedance 是一个技术词语，有时会与 impediment 混淆，后者表示“障碍”或“言语缺陷”。 

impede /imˈpi:d/ v. tr.  retard by obstructing; hinder 阻止；妨碍，阻碍 [Latin impedire ‘shackle the feet of’ (as IN-2, pes ‘foot’)]

impediment /imˈpedim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a hindrance or obstruction 妨碍，阻碍；障碍物 2  a defect in speech, e.g. a lisp or stammer 言语缺陷(如口齿不清、口吃) □ impedimental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin impedimentum (as IMPEDE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at IMPEDANCE. 见 IMPEDANCE 的用法说明。 

impedimenta /imˌpediˈmentə/ n. pl.  1  encumbrances 累赘什物 2  travelling equipment, esp. of an army 行李(尤指辎重) [Latin, pl. of impedimentum: see IMPEDIMENT]

impel /imˈpel/ v. tr. (impelled, impelling)  1  drive, force, or urge into action 驱驶；逼迫；激励 2  drive forward; propel 推动，推进 □ impeller  n.   [Middle English from Latin impellere (as IN-2, pellere puls- ‘drive’)]

impend /imˈpend/ v. intr.  1  be about to happen 即将发生 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a (of a danger) be threatening (危险)逼近b  hang; be suspended 挂；悬挂 □ impending  adj.   [Latin impendēre (as IN-2, pendēre ‘hang’)]

impenetrable /imˈpenitrəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be penetrated 不能穿透的 2  inscrutable, unfathomable 费解的，深奥难懂的 3  inaccessible to ideas, influences, etc. (对思想、影响等)不接纳的，顽固的 4 Physics (of matter) having the property such that a body is incapable of occupying the same place as another body at the same time 【物理学】(物质)不可入性的 □ impenetrability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impenetrableness  n.  □ impenetrably  adv.   [Middle English via French impénétrable from Latin impenetrabilis (as IN-1, PENETRATE)]

impenitent /imˈpenit(ə)nt/ adj.  not repentant or penitent 不悔悟的；无悔意的 □ impenitence  n.  □ impenitency  n.  □ impenitently  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin impaenitens (as IN-1, PENITENT)]

imperative /imˈperətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  urgent 迫切的，紧急的 2  obligatory 强制性的 3  commanding, peremptory 命令的，专横的 4 Gram. (of a mood) expressing a command (e.g. 如 come here! 过来 !) 【语法】(语气)命令的，祈使的 ●n.  1 Gram.  the imperative mood 【语法】祈使语气 2  a command 命令 3  an essential or urgent thing 必要的事；紧急的事 □ imperatival  /imˌperəˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ imperatively  adv.  □ imperativeness  n.   [Late Latin imperativus from imperare ‘command’ (as IN-2, parare ‘make ready’)]

imperator /impəˈrɑ:tɔ:/ n. Rom. Hist.  commander (a title conferred under the Republic on a victorious general and under the Empire on the emperor) [罗马]【史】(罗马共和国授予得胜而归的将军称号)凯旋大将军；(罗马帝国授予皇帝的)最高统帅 □ imperatorial  /ˌimperəˈtɔ:riəl, imˌperə-/ adj.   [Latin (as IMPERATIVE)]

imperceptible /impəˈseptib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be perceived 察觉不到的，感觉不到的 2  very slight, gradual, or subtle 微小的，逐步的，微细的 □ imperceptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ imperceptibly  adv.   [French imperceptible or medieval Latin imperceptibilis (as IN-1, PERCEPTIBLE)]

impercipient /impəˈsipiənt/ adj.  lacking in perception 无知觉的 □ impercipience  n.  

imperfect /imˈpɜ:fikt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not fully formed or done; faulty, incomplete 不完美的；有缺陷的，不完整的 2 Gram. (of a tense) denoting a (usu. past) action in progress but not completed at the time in question (e.g. 如 they were singing 他们那时在唱歌) 【语法】(时态)未完成时的(通常表示过去正在进行，但尚未完成的动作) 3 Mus. (of a cadence) ending on the dominant chord 【音】(终止式)在属音和弦上结束的，不完全终止的 ●n.  the imperfect tense 未完成时；未完成过去时 □ imperfectly  adv.   [Middle English imparfit etc. via Old French imparfait from Latin imperfectus (as IN-1, PERFECT)]

imperfection /impəˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  incompleteness 不完整性 2  a  faultiness 不足，缺点b  a fault or blemish 错误；瑕疵 [Middle English from Old French imperfection or Late Latin imperfectio (as IMPERFECT)]

imperfective /impəˈfektiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a verb aspect etc.) expressing an action without reference to its completion (opp. 反义 PERFECTIVE) (动词的体等)未完成体的 ●n.  an imperfective aspect or form of a verb (动词的)未完成体；未完成体动词

imperfect rhyme n.  a rhyme that only partly satisfies the usual criteria (e.g. 如 love and move) 不完全韵

imperforate /imˈpɜ:f(ə)rət/ adj.  1  not perforated 不穿孔的 2 Anat.  lacking the normal opening 【解】缺少正常开口的 3 (of a postage stamp) lacking perforations (邮票)无齿孔的

imperial /imˈpiəriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of an empire or comparable sovereign state 帝国的；帝王的 2  a  of or characteristic of an emperor 皇帝的；有皇帝地位的b  supreme in authority 最高权力的c  majestic, august 尊严的，威严的d  magnificent 宏大的 3 (of non-metric weights and measures) used or formerly used by statute in the UK (英制度量衡)英制的  imperial gallon  英制加仑 ●n.  1  a former size of paper, 762 × 559 mm (30 × 22 inches) 帝王开本；(以前的)纸张尺寸 (30 × 22 英寸) 2  a small pointed beard growing below the lower lip (associated with Napoleon III of France) 帝须(留在下唇下面的小绺胡须，因法国拿破仑三世蓄此须而得名) □ imperially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin imperialis, from imperium ‘command, authority’]

imperialism /imˈpiəriəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  an imperial rule or system 帝制 2 usu. derog.  a policy of acquiring dependent territories or of extending a country's influence through trade, diplomacy, etc. [通常贬]帝国主义 □ imperialistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ imperialistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ imperialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

imperialist /imˈpiəriəlist/ n. & adj. ●n. usu. derog.  an advocate or agent of imperial rule or of imperialism [通常贬]皇帝统治的拥护者(代理人)；帝国主义者 ●adj.  of or relating to imperialism or imperialists 有关帝国主义的，有关帝国主义者的

imperil /imˈperil, -r(ə)l/ v. tr. (imperilled, imperilling; US [美] imperiled, imperiling)  bring or put into danger 危及；使陷入危险

imperious /imˈpiəriəs/ adj.  1  overbearing, domineering 专横的，飞扬跋扈的 2  urgent, imperative 迫切的，紧急的 □ imperiously  adv.  □ imperiousness  n.   [Latin imperiosus from imperium ‘command, authority’]

imperishable /imˈperiʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot perish 不朽的，不会腐烂的 □ imperishability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ imperishableness  n.  □ imperishably  adv.  

imperium /imˈpiəriəm/ n.  absolute power or authority 最高权利；绝对统治 [Latin, = command, authority]

impermanent /imˈpɜ:mənənt/ adj.  not permanent; transient 非永久的；暂时的 □ impermanence  n.  □ impermanency  n.  □ impermanently  adv.  

impermeable /imˈpɜ:miəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be penetrated 不能通过的，不能穿过的 2  that does not permit the passage of fluids (液体)不能渗透的 □ impermeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French imperméable or Late Latin impermeabilis (as IN-1, PERMEABLE)]

impermissible /impəˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  not allowable 不许可的，不允许的 □ impermissibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

impersonal /imˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  having no personal feeling or reference 不受个人感情影响的；非个人的 2  having no personality 不具人格的，非人的 3 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a verb) used only with a formal subject (usu. it) and expressing an action not attributable to a definite subject (e.g. 如 it is snowing 天下着雪) (动词)非人称的，无人称的(通常用 it)b (of a pronoun) = INDEFINITE 3 (代词) □ impersonality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ impersonally  adv.   [Late Latin impersonalis (as IN-1, PERSONAL)]

impersonate /imˈpɜ:s(ə)neit/ v. tr.  1  pretend to be (another person) for the purpose of entertainment or fraud (为了娱乐或欺骗)假冒，模仿(另一人) 2  act (a character) 扮演(角色) □ impersonation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ impersonator  n.   [IN-2 + Latin persona PERSON]

impertinent /imˈpɜ:tinənt/ adj.  1  rude or insolent; lacking proper respect 粗鲁的；傲慢的；无礼的 2  out of place; absurd 不恰当的；荒谬的 3 esp. Law  irrelevant, intrusive 【法律】不切题的，侵入的 □ impertinence  n.  □ impertinently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French or Late Latin impertinens (as IN-1, PERTINENT)]

imperturbable /impəˈtɜ:bəb(ə)l/ adj.  not excitable; calm 不易激动的；冷静的 □ imperturbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ imperturbableness  n.  □ imperturbably  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin imperturbabilis (as IN-1, PERTURB)]

impervious /imˈpɜ:viəs/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  not responsive (to an argument, outside influence, etc.) (对争论、外界影响等)无动于衷的，不接受的 2  not affording passage to a fluid etc. (液体等)不能渗透的 □ imperviously  adv.  □ imperviousness  n.   [Latin impervius (as IN-1, PERVIOUS)]

impetigo /impiˈtaiɡəʊ/ n.  a contagious bacterial skin infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores 脓疱病 □ impetiginous  /impiˈtidʒinəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin impetigo -ginis, from impetere ‘assail’ (as IMPETUS)]

impetuous /imˈpetjʊəs/ adj.  1  acting or done rashly or with sudden energy 鲁莽的，冲动的 2  moving forcefully or rapidly 迅疾的；猛烈的 □ impetuosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ impetuously  adv.  □ impetuousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French impetueux from Late Latin impetuosus (as IMPETUS)]

impetus /ˈimpitəs/ n.  1  the force or energy with which a body moves 动量，冲力 2  a driving force or impulse 推动力，冲击 [Latin, = assault, force, from impetere ‘assail’ (as IN-2, petere ‘seek’)]

impi /ˈimpi/ n. (pl. impis) esp. hist.  a body of Zulu warriors or armed tribesmen [尤史义]一队祖鲁族武士(或武装部落成员) [Zulu, = regiment, armed band]

impiety /imˈpaiiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a lack of piety or reverence 不虔诚；不恭敬 2  an act etc. showing this 亵渎；不虔诚(不恭敬)的行为(等) [Middle English from Old French impieté or Latin impietas (as IN-1, PIETY)]

impinge /imˈpin(d)ʒ/ v. tr. (impinging) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  1  make an impact; have an effect 影响；对…起作用 2  encroach 侵犯，侵害 □ impingement  n.  □ impinger  n.   [Latin impingere ‘drive (a thing) at’ (as IN-2, pangere ‘fix, drive’)]

impious /ˈimpiəs, imˈpaiəs/ adj.  1  not pious 不虔敬的，不恭敬的 2  wicked, profane 邪恶的，亵渎的 □ impiously  adv.  □ impiousness  n.   [Latin impius (as IN-1, PIOUS)]

impish /ˈimpiʃ/ adj.  of or like an imp; mischievous 小鬼似的；顽皮的，淘气的 □ impishly  adv.  □ impishness  n.  

implacable /imˈplækəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be appeased; inexorable 无法平息的；无法缓和的；毫不留情的 □ implacability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ implacably  adv.   [Middle English from French implacable or Latin implacabilis (as IN-1, PLACABLE)]

implant v. & n. ●v. tr. /imˈplɑ:nt/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  insert or fix 注入，嵌入 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  instil (a principle, idea, etc.) in a person's mind 灌输(原则、思想等) 3  plant 种植 4 Med. 【医】  a  insert (tissue, a substance, a device, etc.) into the body 植入，移植(组织、物质、器件等)b (in passive 用被动) (of a fertilized ovum) become attached to the wall of the womb (受精卵)粘附在(子宫内壁上) ●n. /ˈimplɑ:nt/  1  a thing implanted 移植物，植入物 2  a thing implanted in the body, e.g. a piece of tissue or a capsule containing material for radium therapy 埋置物(如一块组织或含有放射性治疗物质的胶囊) □ implantation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French implanter or Late Latin implantare ‘engraft’ (as IN-2, PLANT)]

implausible /imˈplɔ:zib(ə)l/ adj.  not plausible 难以置信的，不像真实的 □ implausibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ implausibly  adv.  

implead /imˈpli:d/ v. tr. Law 【法律】  1  prosecute or take proceedings against (a person) 控告；对…起诉 2  involve (a person etc.) in a suit 使(某人等)陷入诉讼案件 [Middle English from Anglo-French empleder, Old French empleidier (as EM-, IM- + PLEAD)]

implement n. & v. ●n. /ˈimplim(ə)nt/  1  a tool, instrument, or utensil 工具，器具；用具 2 (in pl. 用复数)  equipment; articles of furniture, dress, etc. 仪器，设备；家具、服装等 3 Law  performance of an obligation 【法律】履行(义务) ●v. tr. /ˈimpliment/  1  a  put (a decision, plan, etc.) into effect. 履行，实施(决定、计划等)b  fulfil (an undertaking) 执行(任务) 2  complete (a contract etc.) 实施(合同等) 3  fill up; supplement 填满；补充 □ implementation  /implimenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ implementer  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin implementa (pl.), from implēre ‘employ’ (as IN-2, Latin plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

implicate v. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈimplikeit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  show (a person) to be concerned or involved (in a charge, crime, etc.) 表示(某人)牵连于(指控、罪行等) 2 (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 in)  be affected or involved 影响；涉及 3  lead to as a consequence or inference (作为结果、推论)导致 ●n. /ˈimplikət/  a thing implied 暗指的东西 □ implicative  /imˈplikətiv/ adj.  □ implicatively  /imˈplikətivli/ adv.   [Latin implicatus, past part. of implicare (as IN-2, plicare, plicat- or plicit- ‘fold’)]

implication /impliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  what is involved in or implied by something else (由其他事物而)牵连；暗示 2  the act of implicating or implying 牵连(暗示)的行为 □ by implication   by what is implied or suggested rather than by formal expression 含蓄地，暗示地 [Middle English from Latin implicatio (as IMPLICATE)]

implicit /imˈplisit/ adj.  1  implied though not plainly expressed 含蓄的，不言明的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  virtually contained 内含的，固有的 3  absolute, unquestioning, unreserved 绝对的，无疑的，无保留的  implicit obedience  无条件服从 4 Math. (of a function) not expressed directly in terms of independent variables 【数】(函数)隐式的 □ implicitly  adv.  □ implicitness  n.   [French implicite or Latin implicitus (as IMPLICATE)]

implode /imˈpləʊd/ v. intr. & tr.  burst or cause to burst inwards (使)内爆 □ implosion  /imˈpləʊʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ implosive  /-siv, -ziv/ adj.   [IN-2 + Latin -plodere, on the pattern of EXPLODE]

implore /imˈplɔ:/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  entreat (a person) 乞求，哀求(某人) 2  beg earnestly for 恳求 □ imploringly  adv.   [French implorer or Latin implorare ‘invoke with tears’ (as IN-2, plorare ‘weep’)]

imply /imˈplai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  strongly suggest the truth or existence of (a thing not expressly asserted) (对某事不是断言)含有…的意思 2  insinuate, hint 旁敲侧击地说，暗示  what are you implying?  你是什么意思？ 3  signify 意味着 □ implied  adj.  □ impliedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French emplier from Latin implicare (as IMPLICATE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INFER. 见 INFER 的用法说明。 

impolder /imˈpəʊldə/ v. tr. (also 亦作 empolder) Brit. [英]  1  make a polder of 把…变成耕地 2  reclaim from the sea 围海造田 [Dutch inpolderen (as IN-2, POLDER)]

impolite /impəˈlait/ adj.  ill-mannered, uncivil, rude 无礼貌的，不文明的，粗鲁的 □ impolitely  adv.  □ impoliteness  n.   [Latin impolitus (as IN-1, POLITE)]

impolitic /imˈpɒlitik/ adj.  1  inexpedient, unwise 失策的，不明智的 2  not politic 不高明的 □ impoliticly  adv.  

imponderable /imˈpɒnd(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that cannot be estimated or assessed in any definite way 无法估计的，无法衡量的 2  very light 极轻的 3 Physics  having no weight 【物理学】没有重量的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  something difficult or impossible to assess 很难或无法估量的事物；很难或不能衡量的东西 □ imponderability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ imponderably  adv.  

import v. & n. ●v. tr. /imˈpɔ:t, ˈim-/  1  bring in (esp. foreign goods or services) to a country (尤指外国货、服务)进口，引进 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  imply, indicate, signify 暗示，表明，意味b  express, make known 表示，说明 ●n. /ˈimpɔ:t/  1  the process of importing 输入 2  a  an imported article or service 进口商品；引进服务b (in pl. 用复数)  an amount imported 进口额  imports exceeded £ 50m.  进口额超过 5000 万英镑 3  what is implied; meaning 含意；意指 4  importance 重要(性) □ importable  /imˈpɔ:təb(ə)l/ adj.  □ importation  /impɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ importer  /imˈpɔ:tə/ n. (all in sense 1 of v. 均用于动词释义 1)   [Middle English from Latin importare ‘bring in’, in medieval Latin = imply, be of consequence (as IN-2, portare ‘carry’)]

importance /imˈpɔ:t(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state of being important 重要(性) 2  import, significance 重要性；重大 3  personal consequence; dignity 庄重，尊严 [French from medieval Latin importantia (as IMPORT)]

important /imˈpɔ:t(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  of great effect or consequence; momentous 重大的，重要的 2 (of a person) having high rank or status, or great authority (人)位高权重 3  pretentious, pompous 自命不凡的；自负的 4 (absol. [含宾], in parenthetic construction 用于插入结构中 prec. by 前接 more or most)  what is a more, or most, significant point or matter 更为重要的，更有甚者  they are willing and, more important, able  他们愿意，更重要的是，他们能够 □ importantly  adv.   [French from medieval Latin (as IMPORT)]■Usage 用法说明 Some people use importantly in sense 4 above, i.e. They are willing and, more importantly, able. This is considered incorrect in standard English and should be avoided. 有些人在上述释义 4 中使用 importantly, 如 They are willing and, more importantly, able (他们愿意，更重要的是，他们能够)。这在标准英语中被认为是不正确的，应避免使用。 

importunate /imˈpɔ:tjʊnət/ adj.  1  making persistent or pressing requests 坚持的；强求的 2 (of affairs) urgent (事情)紧急的 □ importunately  adv.  □ importunity  /impɔ:ˈtju:niti/ n.   [Latin importunus ‘inconvenient’ (as IN-1, portunus from portus ‘harbour’)]

importune /impɔ:ˈtju:n/ v. tr.  1  solicit (a person) pressingly 恳求；强求(某人) 2  solicit for an immoral purpose (妓女)拉客 [French importuner or medieval Latin importunari (as IMPORTUNATE)]

impose /imˈpəʊz/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  require (a tax, duty, charge, or obligation) to be paid or undertaken (by a person etc.) 要求(某人等)缴(税等) 2 tr.  enforce compliance with 强迫服从 3 intr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, or absol. [含宾])  demand the attention or commitment of (a person); take advantage of 强求(注意，参与)；欺骗；利用  I do not want to impose on you any longer  我不想再麻烦你 I did not want to impose  我不想欺骗 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  palm (a thing) off on (a person) (以欺骗手段)把(某物)硬卖给(某人) 5 tr. Printing  lay (pages of type) in the proper order ready for printing 【印刷】把(活字版)装版 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  exert influence by an impressive character or appearance 施加影响 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 upon) archaic  place (a thing) [古义]把(某物)安置于 [Middle English via French imposer from Latin imponere imposit- ‘inflict, deceive’ (as IN-2, ponere ‘put’)]

imposing /imˈpəʊziŋ/ adj.  impressive, formidable, esp. in appearance (尤指外观)给人印象深刻的，令人生畏的 □ imposingly  adv.  □ imposingness  n.  

imposition /impəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of imposing; the process of being imposed 强加；强迫接受 2  an unfair or resented demand or burden 过分的要求(负担) 3  a tax or duty 征税；税款 4 Brit.  work set as a punishment at school [英] (处罚学生的)惩罚性作业 [Middle English from Old French imposition or Latin impositio, from imponere: see IMPOSE]

impossibility /imˌpɒsiˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the fact or condition of being impossible 不可能(性) 2  an impossible thing or circumstance 不可能的事(情况) [French impossibilité or Latin impossibilitas (as IMPOSSIBLE)]

impossible /imˈpɒsib(ə)l/ adj.  1  not possible; that cannot occur, exist, or be done 不可能的；不会发生的，不可能存在的，办不到的  such a thing is impossible  这种事不会发生 it is impossible to alter them  不可能改变他们 2 (loosely) not easy; not convenient; not easily believable (不严格地说)不易的，不方便的，难以置信的 3 colloq. (of a person or thing) outrageous, intolerable [口] (人或物)非常讨厌的，不能忍受的 □ impossibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French impossible or Latin impossibilis (as IN-1, POSSIBLE)]

impost1 /ˈimpəʊst/ n.  1  a tax, duty, or tribute 税，关税，税款；贡金 2  a weight carried by a horse in a handicap race (障碍赛中)赛马负载重量 [French from medieval Latin impost-, part. stem of Latin imponere: see IMPOSE]

impost2 /ˈimpəʊst/ n.  the upper course of a pillar, carrying an arch 拱墩，支持拱架的圆柱的顶端部分，起拱点 [French imposte or Italian imposta, fem. past part. of imporre, from Latin imponere: see IMPOSE]

impostor /imˈpɒstə/ n. (also 亦作 imposter)  1  a person who assumes a false character or pretends to be someone else 冒充者；冒名顶替的人 2  a swindler 骗子 [French imposteur from Late Latin impostor (as IMPOST1)]

imposture /imˈpɒstʃə/ n.  the act or an instance of fraudulent deception 欺骗行为；招摇撞骗 [French from Late Latin impostura (as IMPOST1)]

impotent /ˈimpət(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  powerless; lacking all strength 无能为力的，无力的b  helpless, decrepit 不起作用的；老衰的 2 (esp. of a male) unable, esp. for a prolonged period, to achieve a sexual erection or orgasm (尤指男子)阳痿的 □ impotence  n.  □ impotency  n.  □ impotently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin impotens (as IN-1, POTENT1)]

impound /imˈpəʊnd/ v. tr.  1  confiscate 充公，没收 2  take possession of 占有 3  shut up (animals) in a pound 将(动物)关在栏中 4  shut up (a person or thing) as in a pound 拘禁，扣押(人或物) 5 (of a dam etc.) collect or confine (water) (大坝等)蓄(水) □ impoundable  adj.  □ impounder  n.  □ impoundment  n.  

impoverish /imˈpɒv(ə)riʃ/ v. tr.  1  make poor 使穷困 2  exhaust the strength or natural fertility of 耗尽(力量)；使贫瘠 □ impoverishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French empoverir (as EN-1, povre POOR)]

impracticable /imˈpræktikəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  impossible in practice 不能实行的 2 (of a road etc.) impassable (路等)不能通行的 3 (of a person or thing) unmanageable (人、物)难对付的 □ impracticability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impracticableness  n.  □ impracticably  adv.  

impractical /imˈpræktik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not practical 不切实际的 2 esp. US  not practicable [尤美]不能实行的 □ impracticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ impractically  adv.  

imprecation /impriˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a spoken curse; a malediction 咒语；诅咒 2  the act of uttering an imprecation 咒骂 [Latin imprecatio (as IN-2, precari ‘pray’)]

imprecatory /ˈimprikeit(ə)ri, imˈprekət(ə)ri/ adj.  expressing or involving imprecation 诅咒的，咒骂的

imprecise /impriˈsais/ adj.  not precise 不精确的，不准确的 □ imprecisely  adv.  □ impreciseness  n.  □ imprecision  /-ˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  

impregnable1 /imˈpreɡnəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a fortified position) that cannot be taken by force (防御工事)不能攻克的 2  resistant to attack or criticism 坚不可摧的；驳不倒的 □ impregnability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impregnably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French imprenable (as IN-1, prendre ‘take’)]

impregnable2 /imˈpreɡnəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be impregnated 可受精(孕)的

impregnate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈimpreɡneit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fill or saturate 使充满，使浸透 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  imbue, fill (with feelings, moral qualities, etc.) (用感情、道德品质等)灌输，注入 3  a  make (a female) pregnant 使(妇女)怀孕b Biol.  fertilize (a female reproductive cell or ovum) 【生】使(雌性生殖细胞或卵子)受精 ●adj. /imˈpreɡnət/  1  pregnant 怀孕的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  permeated 浸透的 □ impregnation  /impreɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin impregnare impregnat- (as IN-2, pregnare ‘be pregnant’)]

impresario /impriˈsɑ:riəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an organizer of public entertainments, esp. the manager of an operatic, theatrical, or concert company (公共娱乐的)主办人；(尤指歌舞剧团、乐团的)经理 [Italian from impresa ‘undertaking’]

imprescriptible /impriˈskriptib(ə)l/ adj. Law (of rights) that cannot be taken away by prescription or lapse of time 【法律】(权利)法令不可剥夺的，不因时效而取消的 [medieval Latin imprescriptibilis (as IN-1, PRESCRIBE)]

impress1 v. & n. ●v. tr. /imˈpres/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  affect or influence deeply 使感动；深刻影响b (also absol. [亦含宾])  evoke a favourable opinion or reaction from (a person) 给予(某人)深刻印象  was most impressed with your efforts  对你的效力极为钦佩 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on; upon)  emphasize (an idea etc.) 使铭记(思想等)  must impress on you the need to be prompt  你必须牢记危急即将到来 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  imprint or stamp 印；盖印b  apply (a mark etc.) with pressure 盖上(记号等) 4  make a mark or design on (a thing) with a stamp, seal, etc. (在某物上)盖印；(用图章等)加标记 5 Electr.  apply (voltage etc.) from outside 【电】外加(电压等) ●n. /ˈimpres/  1  the act or an instance of impressing 盖印；压印 2  a mark made by a seal, stamp, etc. 印痕 3  a characteristic mark or quality 特征；性质 4  = IMPRESSION 1  □ impressible  /imˈpresib(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French empresser (as EN-1, PRESS1)]

impress2 /imˈpres/ v. tr. hist. [史义]  1  force (men) to serve in the army or navy 强迫(人)服役 2  seize (goods etc.) for public service 征用(物品等) □ impressment  n.   [IN-2 + PRESS2]

impression /imˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an effect produced (esp. on the mind or feelings) (尤指在心灵或感情上的)印象 2  a notion or belief (esp. a vague or mistaken one) (尤指模糊或错误的)概念；想法  my impression is they are afraid  我似乎觉得他们害怕 3  an imitation of a person or sound, esp. done to entertain (为娱乐目的对某人或声音)模仿 4  a  the impressing of a mark 压印b  a mark impressed 印记 5 esp. Brit.  an unaltered reprint from standing type or plates (esp. as distinct from edition) [尤英] (尤指不同版次的)印次 6  a  the number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc., issued at one time 印数b  the printing of these 印刷 7  a print taken from a wood engraving 木版印刷 8 Dentistry  a negative copy of the teeth or mouth made by pressing them into a soft substance 【牙科学】牙齿印模；口腔印痕 □ impressional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin impressio -onis, from imprimere impress- (as IN-2, PRESS1)]

impressionable /imˈpreʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  easily influenced; susceptible to impressions 易受影响的；敏感的 □ impressionability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ impressionably  adv.   [French impressionnable from impressionner (as IMPRESSION)]

Impressionism /imˈpreʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a style or movement in art concerned with expression of feeling by visual impression, esp. from the effect of light on objects (艺术中尤以光的效果为主的)印象主义；印象主义流派 2  a style of music or writing that seeks to describe a feeling or experience rather than achieve accurate depiction or systematic structure (音乐、文学中描述感染力、感受的)印象派 [French impressionnisme (after Impression: Soleil levant, title of a painting by Monet, 1872)]

impressionist /imˈpreʃ(ə)nist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an entertainer who impersonates famous people etc. 用滑稽方式模仿(名流等)的人 2 (作 Impressionist)  an adherent or practitioner of Impressionism 印象派艺术家 ●adj. (作 Impressionist)  of or relating to Impressionism or Impressionists (有关)印象主义的；(有关)印象派的

impressionistic /imˌpreʃəˈnistik/ adj.  1  in the style of Impressionism 印象主义的，印象派的 2  subjective, unsystematic 主观的，不系统的 □ impressionistically  adv.  

impressive /imˈpresiv/ adj.  1  impressing the mind or senses, esp. so as to cause approval or admiration 给人深刻印象的，感人的 2 (of language, a scene, etc.) tending to excite deep feeling (语言、情景等)激动人心的 □ impressively  adv.  □ impressiveness  n.  

imprest /ˈimprest/ n.  money advanced to a person for use in State business (执行公务时用的)预付款，预支款 [originally in prest, from Old French prest ‘loan, advance pay’: see PRESS2]

imprimatur /impriˈmeitə, -ˈmɑ:tə, -ˈmɑ:tʊə/ n.  1 RC Ch.  an official licence to print (an ecclesiastical or religious book etc.) 【天主教】(对出版教会或宗教书籍等的)出版许可 2  official approval (官方)批准，认可 [Latin, = let it be printed]■Usage 用法说明 Imprimatur meaning ‘an official licence to print’ is sometimes confused with imprint ‘the name of the publisher or printer etc. printed in a book’. 表示“出版许可”的 imprimatur 有时会同 imprint 搞混，该词表示“印在书上的出版商或印刷商等的名称”。 

imprimatura /ˌimpri:məˈtʊərə, 意 ˌimprimaˈtu:ra/ n. (in painting) a coloured transparent glaze as a primer (绘画中上釉或着色的)底色，底漆 [Italian imprimitura from imprimere IMPRESS1]

imprint v. & n. ●v. tr. /imˈprint/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  impress or establish firmly, esp. on the mind 铭刻，牢记 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  make a stamp or impression of (a figure etc.) on a thing 在某物上盖(压)印(图案等)b  make an impression on (a thing) with a stamp etc. 在(某物上)盖印(等) 3 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 on or to) Biol.  cause (a young animal etc.) to recognize another as a parent or object of habitual trust 【生】使(幼畜等)认可亲子关系或可信赖对象 ●n. /ˈimprint/  1  an impression or stamp 印象，印记 2  the printer's or publisher's name and other details printed in a book (印在书上，带有出版商、印刷商名称及其他细节的)版本说明 [Middle English via Old French empreinter empreint from Latin imprimere: see IMPRESSION]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at IMPRIMATUR. 见 IMPRIMATUR 的用法说明。 

imprison /imˈpriz(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  put into prison 关押，监禁 2  confine; shut up 限制；禁闭 □ imprisonment  n.   [Middle English from Old French emprisoner (as EN-1, PRISON)]

impro /ˈimprəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  improvisation, esp. as a theatrical technique 即兴创作(尤作为舞台表演技巧) 2  an instance of this 即兴作品 [abbreviation]

improbable /imˈprɒbəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not likely to be true or to happen 未必确实的；未必会发生的 2  difficult to believe 难以置信的 □ improbability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ improbably  adv.   [French improbable or Latin improbabilis (as IN-1, PROBABLE)]

improbity /imˈprəʊbiti, -ˈprɒb-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wickedness; lack of moral integrity 邪恶；不正直 2  dishonesty 不诚实 3  a wicked or dishonest act 邪恶(不诚实)的行为 [Latin improbitas (as IN-1, PROBITY)]

impromptu /imˈprɒm(p)tju:/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  extempore, unrehearsed 即席的(地)，事先无准备的(地) ●n. (pl. impromptus)  1  an extempore performance or speech 即兴表演；即席演说 2  a short piece of usu. solo instrumental music, often songlike (常像歌似的)即兴器乐独奏 [French from Latin in promptu ‘in readiness’: see PROMPT]

improper /imˈprɒpə/ adj.  1  a  unseemly; indecent 不合适的，下流的b  not in accordance with accepted rules of behaviour 不合规则的，不成体统的 2  inaccurate, wrong 不准确的，错误的 3  not properly so called 要不得的 □ improperly  adv.   [French impropre or Latin improprius (as IN-1, PROPER)]

improper fraction n.  a fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator 假分数

impropriate /imˈprəʊprieit/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  annex (an ecclesiastical benefice) to a corporation or person as property 把(教会财产)据为团体或个人所有 2  place (tithes or ecclesiastical property) in lay hands 把(向教会缴纳的税款或教会财产)交俗人保管 □ impropriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Anglo-Latin impropriare (as IN-2, proprius ‘own’)]

impropriator /imˈprəʊprieitə/ n. Brit.  a person to whom a benefice is impropriated [英]保管(占有)教会财产的俗人

impropriety /imprəˈpraiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  lack of propriety; indecency 不合适；不适当 2  an instance of improper conduct etc. 不正当的行为 3  incorrectness 不正确 4  unfitness 不适合 [French impropriété or Latin improprietas (as IN-1, proprius ‘proper’)]

improv /ˈimprɒv/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.) colloq. [口]  = IMPRO  [abbreviation]

improvable /imˈpru:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be improved 可以改进的 2  suitable for cultivation 适于耕作的 □ improvability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

improve /imˈpru:v/ v.  1  a tr. & intr.  make or become better (使)改善；(使)变得更好b intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  produce something better than (某物)变得更好 2 absol. [含宾] (as 作 improving adj.)  giving moral benefit 有教育意义(的)  improving literature  有教育意义的文学 [originally emprowe, improwe, via Anglo-French emprower from Old French emprou, from prou ‘profit’, influenced by PROVE]

improvement /imˈpru:vm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of improving or being improved 改进；改进处 2  something that improves, esp. an addition or alteration that adds to value (尤指为增值)改建；改良 3  something that has been improved 改善的事物 [Middle English from Anglo-French emprowement (as IMPROVE)]

improver /imˈpru:və/ n.  1  a person who improves 改进者，改良者 2 Brit. hist.  a person who works for low wages while acquiring skill and experience in a trade [英史义] (只为学艺而拿低工资的)学徒，见习生

improvident /imˈprɒvid(ə)nt/ adj.  1  lacking foresight or care for the future 无远见的，不顾将来的 2  not frugal; thriftless 不节俭的，挥霍的 3  heedless, incautious 不注意的，不小心的 □ improvidence  n.  □ improvidently  adv.  

improvise /ˈimprəvaiz/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  compose or perform (music, verse, etc.) extempore 即兴创作或表演(乐曲、诗歌等) 2  provide or construct (a thing) extempore 临时提供，临时凑成(某物) □ improvisation  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ improvisational  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ improvisatorial  /-zəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ improvisatory  /-ˈzeit(ə)ri/ adj.  □ improviser  n.   [French improviser or Italian improvvisare, from improvviso ‘extempore’, from Latin improvisus ‘unforeseen’ (as IN-1, PROVIDE)]

imprudent /imˈpru:d(ə)nt/ adj.  rash, indiscreet 轻率的，不谨慎的 □ imprudence  n.  □ imprudently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin imprudens (as IN-1, PRUDENT)]

impudent /ˈimpjʊd(ə)nt/ adj.  1  insolently disrespectful; impertinent 放肆的；无礼的 2  shamelessly presumptuous 专横的 3  unblushing 厚颜无耻的 □ impudence  n.  □ impudently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin impudens (as IN-1, pudēre ‘be ashamed’)]

impudicity /impjʊˈdisiti/ n.  shamelessness, immodesty 无耻，放肆 [French impudicité from Latin impudicus (as IMPUDENT)]

impugn /imˈpju:n/ v. tr.  challenge or call in question (a statement, action, etc.) (对陈述、行动等)非难；指责，提出异议 □ impugnable  adj.  □ impugnment  n.   [Middle English from Latin impugnare ‘assail’ (as IN-2, pugnare ‘fight’)]

impuissant /imˈpju:is(ə)nt, -ˈpwis-/ adj.  impotent, weak 无力的，虚弱的 □ impuissance  n.   [French (as IN-1, PUISSANT)]

impulse /ˈimpʌls/ n.  1  the act or an instance of impelling; a push 推进；推动 2  an impetus 刺激，推动力 3 Physics 【物理学】  a  an indefinitely large force acting for a very short time but producing a finite change of momentum (e.g. the blow of a hammer) 冲力(如锤击)b  the change of momentum produced by this or any force 冲量 4  a wave of excitation in a nerve 神经冲动 5  mental incitement 一时的念头 6  a sudden desire or tendency to act without reflection 冲动行为  did it on impulse  凭一时冲动而为之 [Latin impulsus (as IMPEL)]

impulse buying n.  the unpremeditated buying of goods as a result of a whim or impulse (未经事先计划的)冲动性购买

impulsion /imˈpʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of impelling 推动；推进 2  a mental impulse (头脑)冲动 3  impetus 刺激 [Middle English via Old French from Latin impulsio -onis (as IMPEL)]

impulsive /imˈpʌlsiv/ adj.  1 (of a person or conduct etc.) apt to be affected or determined by sudden impulse (人、行为等)易冲动的；冲动的 2  tending to impel 推动的 3 Physics  acting as an impulse 【物理学】冲力的 □ impulsively  adv.  □ impulsiveness  n.   [Middle English from French impulsif -ive or Late Latin impulsivus (as IMPULSION)]

impunity /imˈpju:niti/ n.  exemption from punishment or from the injurious consequences of an action 不受惩罚；免受伤害 □ with impunity   without having to suffer the normal injurious consequences (of an action) (对某行动)不受惩罚地，无恙地 [Latin impunitas from impunis (as IN-1, poena ‘penalty’)]

impure /imˈpjʊə/ adj.  1  mixed with foreign matter; adulterated 不纯的；搀杂的 2  dirty 肮脏的，不洁的 3  unchaste 不纯洁的 4 (of a colour) mixed with another colour (颜色)混杂的 □ impurely  adv.  □ impureness  n.   [Middle English from Latin impurus (as IN-1, purus ‘pure’)]

impurity /imˈpjʊəriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or condition of being impure 不纯，搀杂 2  a  a thing or constituent which impairs the purity of something 不纯之物；杂质b Electronics  a trace element deliberately added to a semiconductor, a dopant 【电子学】微量元素搀杂 [French impurité or Latin impuritas (as IMPURE)]

impute /imˈpju:t/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  1  regard (esp. something undesirable) as being done or caused or possessed by 把(尤指不合意的某事)归咎于；归因于 2 Theol.  ascribe (righteousness, guilt, etc.) to (a person) by virtue of a similar quality in another 【神】把(善行或罪孽)归于(某人) □ imputable  adj.  □ imputation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ imputative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French imputer from Latin imputare ‘enter in the account’ (as IN-2, putare ‘reckon’)]

I.Mun.E. abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Municipal Engineers [缩略] (英国)市政工程师协会

IN abbr. US  Indiana (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]印第安纳州(正式邮政用语)

In symb. Chem.  the element indium [符]【化】(化学元素)铟

in /in/ prep., adv. & adj. ●prep.  1  expressing inclusion or position within limits of space, time, circumstance, etc. (表示空间、时间、环境等)在…之内；在…里面  in England  在英格兰 in bed  在床上 in the rain  在雨中 2  during the time of 在…期间  in the night  在夜里 in 1989  在 1989 年 3  within the time of 在…时间之内  will be back in two hours  两个小时内回来 4  a  with respect to 在…方面，关于  blind in one eye  一只眼失明 good in parts  有些地方是好的b  as a kind of 有几分  the latest thing in luxury  最时髦的奢侈品 5  as a proportionate part of 按比例  one in three failed  1/3 失败了 a gradient of one in six  6 比 1 的坡度 6  with the form or arrangement of (表示形式、安排)以，按照  packed in tens  按 10 个一包打包 falling in folds  成叠地掉下来 7  as a member of 作为…的一员  in the army  在陆军 8  concerned with 在…方面；至于  is in politics  在政治上 9  as or regarding the content of (表示内容)在…之中  there is something in what you say  你讲的话有点道理 10  within the ability of 包含在(能力范围)之中  does he have it in him?  他有这个本事吗？ 11  having the condition of; affected by (表示条件、受到影响)处在…状态中  in bad health  身体不好 in danger  处于危险中 12  having as a purpose (表示目的)作为  in search of  寻求 in reply to  答复 13  by means of or using as material (表示手段、原材料)用；以  drawn in pencil  用铅笔画 modelled in bronze  用黄铜制模 14  a  using as the language of expression (表示语言表达方式)用  written in French  用法语写b (of music) having as its key 表示(音乐的)调子为  symphony in C  C 调交响曲 15 (of a word) having as a beginning or ending 以…开头或结尾的(词)  words in un-  以 un- 开头的词 16  wearing as dress (表示服饰)穿着，戴着  in blue  穿蓝衣服 in a suit  穿套装 17  with the identity of (表示同一性)即，就是  found a friend in Mary  发现玛丽是位朋友 18 (of an animal) pregnant with (牲畜)怀孕  in calf  怀孕的牛 19  into 入…中 with a verb of motion or change 与动作动词、变换动词连用 : put it in the box  将其放入盒中 cut it in two  一切为二 20  introducing an indirect object after a verb 引出动词后的间接宾语  believe in  信仰 engage in  从事 share in  分享 21  forming adverbial phrases 构成状语短语  in any case  无论如何 in reality  实际上 in short  简言之 ●adv. expressing position within limits, or motion to such a position (表示某范围内的位置，或向此类位置移动)进；朝里 :  1  into a room, house, etc. 进到屋里(房里等)  come in  进来 2  at home, in one's office, etc. 在家(办公室等)  is not in  不在… 3  so as to be enclosed or confined 关(限制)在里面  locked in  锁在里面 4  in a publication 在出版物上  is the advertisement in?  广告登上了吗？ 5  in or to the inward side 朝里；向内  rub it in  揉其进去 6  a  in fashion, season, or office 符合时尚，时令；当权  long skirts are in  现在流行长裙子 strawberries are not yet in  草莓尚未上市b  elected 当选  the Democrat got in  民主党当选了 7  exerting favourable action or influence 施加有利的行动(影响)  their luck was in  他们的运气来了 8 Sport 【运动】  a (of a shot, serve, etc.) within the boundary of the playing area (踢、投球或发球等)在场地内b Cricket (of a player or side) batting 【板球】(运动员或一方)轮到击球 9 (of transport) at the platform etc. 运输(在站台等上)  the train is in  火车停在站台边 10 (of a season, harvest, order, etc.) having arrived or been received (季节、收获、订单等)已到达；收到 11 Brit. (of a fire) continuing to burn [英] (火)燃烧着 12  denoting effective action 表示有效的行动  join in  加入 13 (of the tide) at the highest point (潮)上涨到最高点(峰) 14 (in comb. 用于复合词) colloq.  denoting prolonged or concerted action, esp. by large numbers [口] (尤指大批人的)一致行动  sit-in  静坐 teach-in  宣讲会 ●adj.  1  internal; living in; inside 内部的；生活在里面的；朝内的  in-patient  住院病人 2  fashionable, esoteric 时髦的；只有少部分人才做的  the in thing to do  是件极时髦的事 3  confined to or shared by a group of people 限于一部分人的  in-joke  小范围笑话 □ in all   see 见 ALL □ in at   present at; contributing to 在场；参与  in at the kill  猎物被杀在场□ in between   see 见 BETWEEN adv. □ in for   1  about to undergo (esp. something unpleasant) 将要经历(尤指令人不快之事) 2  competing in or for 参加竞赛；为…而竞赛 3  involved in; committed to 牵扯进去；使卷入□ in on   sharing in; privy to (a secret etc.) 分担；秘密参与(机密等)□ ins and outs  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  all the details (of a procedure etc.) (过程等的)所有细节□ in so far as   see 见 FAR □ in that   because; in so far as 因为；至于，到…程度□ in with   on good terms with 与…亲近 [Old English in, inn, originally as adv. with verbs of motion]

in-1 /in/ prefix (also il- before l, im- before b, m, p, ir- before r 在 l 前亦作 il-, 在 b 、 m 、 p 前亦作 im-, 在 r 前亦作 ir-) added to 加在 :  1  adjectives, meaning ‘not’ (inedible 不可食的 ; insane 精神错乱的；神志不清的) 形容词之前，表示“不” 2  nouns, meaning ‘without, lacking’ (inaction 不活动) 名词之前，表示“没有，缺少” [Latin]

in-2 /in/ prefix (also il- before l, im- before b, m, p, ir- before r 在 l 前亦作 il-, 在 b 、 m 、 p 前亦作 im-, 在 r 前亦作 ir-)  in, on, into, towards, within (induce 引诱 ; influx 流入 ; insight 洞悉 ; intrude 侵入) 在…里，在…上，进入…，朝…，在…里面 [IN, or from or suggested by Latin in IN prep.]

in. abbr. [缩略]  inch(es) 

-in /in/ suffix Chem.  forming names of organic compounds, pharmaceutical products, proteins, etc. (dioxin 二氧(杂)芑 ; fibrin 血纤蛋白 ; gelatin 明胶 ; penicillin 青霉素) 【化】构成有机化合物、药品、蛋白质等的名称 [-INE4]

-ina /ˈi:nə/ suffix denoting 表示 :  1  feminine names and titles (Georgina 乔治娜 ; tsarina 沙皇皇后) 女性名字及称谓 2  names of musical instruments (concertina 六角形手风琴) 乐器名称 3  names of zoological classification categories (globigerina 抱球虫亚目) 动物分类类别名称 [Italian, Spanish, or Latin]

inability /inəˈbiliti/ n.  1  the state of being unable 无能 2  a lack of power or means 无力；没办法

in absentia /ˌin æbˈsentiə/ adv.  in (his, her, or their) absence (他、她、他们)缺席 [Latin]

inaccessible /inəkˈsesib(ə)l/ adj.  1  not accessible; that cannot be reached 不可进入的，达不到的 2 (of a person) not open to advances or influence; unapproachable (某人)不易进入的；不受影响的；不能接近的 □ inaccessibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inaccessibly  adv.   [Middle English from French inaccessible or Late Latin inaccessibilis (as IN-1, ACCESSIBLE)]

inaccurate /inˈækjʊrət/ adj.  not accurate 不精确的，不准确的 □ inaccuracy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ inaccurately  adv.  

inaction /inˈækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  lack of action 无行动 2  sluggishness, inertness 懒散，不活跃

inactivate /inˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  make inactive or inoperative 使不活跃，使不活动 □ inactivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

inactive /inˈæktiv/ adj.  1  not active or inclined to act 不活跃的，不活动的 2  passive 钝性的 3  indolent 懒散的 □ inactively  adv.  □ inactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

inadequate /inˈædikwət/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  not adequate; insufficient 不足的；不充分的 2 (of a person) incompetent; unable to deal with a situation (某人)不能胜任的；不能处理局面的 □ inadequacy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ inadequately  adv.  

inadmissible /inədˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be admitted or allowed 不许可的；不容许的 □ inadmissibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inadmissibly  adv.  

inadvertent /inədˈvɜ:t(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of an action) unintentional (行动)非故意的 2  a  not properly attentive 疏忽的b  negligent 粗心大意的 □ inadvertence  n.  □ inadvertency  n.  □ inadvertently  adv.   [IN-1 + obsolete advertent ‘attentive’ (as ADVERT2)]

inadvisable /inədˈvaizəb(ə)l/ adj.  not advisable 不可取的，不明智的 □ inadvisability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

inalienable /inˈeiliənəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be transferred to another; not alienable 不能让与的；不可分割的 □ inalienability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inalienably  adv.  

inalterable /inˈɔ:lt(ə)rəb(ə)l, -ˈɒl-/ adj.  not alterable; that cannot be changed 不变的；不可变更的 □ inalterability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inalterably  adv.   [medieval Latin inalterabilis (as IN-1, alterabilis ‘alterable’)]

inamorato /iˌnæməˈrɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os; fem. inamorata /-tə/)  a lover 情夫，姘夫 [Italian, past part. of inamorare ‘enamour’ (as IN-2, amore from Latin amor ‘love’)]

inane /iˈnein/ adj.  1  silly, senseless 愚蠢的，无意义的 2  empty, void 空的，空虚的 □ inanely  adv.  □ inaneness  n.  □ inanity  /-ˈæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin inanis ‘empty, vain’]

inanimate /inˈænimət/ adj.  1  not animate; not endowed with (esp. animal) life 无生气的；(尤指动物)无生命的 2  lifeless; showing no sign of life 失去知觉的；死了似的 3  spiritless, dull 没精打采的，单调的 □ inanimately  adv.  □ inanimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin inanimatus (as IN-1, ANIMATE)]

inanimate nature n.  everything other than the animal world 非动物界

inanition /inəˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  emptiness, esp. exhaustion from lack of nourishment (尤指缺乏营养造成的)虚乏 [Middle English via Late Latin inanitio from Latin inanire ‘make empty’ (as INANE)]

inappellable /inəˈpeləb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be appealed against 不得上诉的 [obsolete French inappelable (as IN-1, appeler APPEAL)]

inapplicable /inˈæplikəb(ə)l, inəˈplik-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not applicable; unsuitable 不能适用的；不适宜的 □ inapplicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inapplicably  adv.  

inapposite /inˈæpəzit/ adj.  not apposite; out of place 不贴切的；不适合的 □ inappositely  adv.  □ inappositeness  n.  

inappreciable /inəˈpri:ʃəb(ə)l, -ʃiə-/ adj.  1  imperceptible; not worth reckoning 细微得难以察觉的；可忽略不计的 2  that cannot be appreciated 不足取的 □ inappreciably  adv.  

inappreciation /ˌinəpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  failure to appreciate 不欣赏 □ inappreciative  /-ˈpri:ʃ(i)ətiv/ adj.  

inappropriate /inəˈprəʊpriət/ adj.  not appropriate 不恰当的，不相称的 □ inappropriately  adv.  □ inappropriateness  n.  

inapt /inˈæpt/ adj.  1  not apt or suitable 不适当的，不适宜的 2  unskilful 不熟练的，笨拙的 □ inaptitude  n.  □ inaptly  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INEPT. 见 INEPT 的用法说明。 

inarch /inˈɑ:tʃ/ v. tr.  graft (a plant) by connecting a growing branch without separation from the parent stock (植物)靠接 [IN-2 + ARCH1 v.]

inarguable /inˈɑ:ɡjʊəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be argued about or disputed 无可争辩的；不容置疑的 □ inarguably  adv.  

inarticulate /inɑ:ˈtikjʊlət/ adj.  1  unable to speak distinctly or express oneself clearly 含糊其辞的；表达不清楚的 2 (of speech) not articulate; indistinctly pronounced (说话)发音不清楚的，口齿不清的 3  dumb 哑的 4 esp. Anat.  not jointed (尤)【解】无关节的 □ inarticulacy  n.  □ inarticulately  adv.  □ inarticulateness  n.   [Late Latin inarticulatus (as IN-1, ARTICULATE)]

inartistic /inɑ:ˈtistik/ adj.  1  not following the principles of art 不遵循艺术原则的 2  lacking skill or talent in art; not appreciating art 缺乏艺术性的，无艺术欣赏力的 □ inartistically  adv.  

inasmuch /inəzˈmʌtʃ/ adv. (foll. by 后跟 as)  1  since, because 由于，因为 2  to the extent that 到…程度 [Middle English, originally in as much]

inattentive /inəˈtentiv/ adj.  1  not paying due attention; heedless 漫不经心的；不加注意的 2  neglecting to show courtesy 疏忽礼节的 □ inattention  n.  □ inattentively  adv.  □ inattentiveness  n.  

inaudible /inˈɔ:dib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be heard 听不见的 □ inaudibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inaudibly  adv.  

inaugural /iˈnɔ:ɡjʊr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of inauguration 就职的，就任的 2 (of a lecture etc.) given by a person being inaugurated (演讲等)开幕的 ●n.  an inaugural speech etc. 就职演说(等) [French from inaugurer (as INAUGURATE)]

inaugurate /iˈnɔ:ɡjʊreit/ v. tr.  1  admit (a person) formally to office 为(某人)举行就职典礼 2  initiate the public use of (a building etc.) 为(建筑物等)举行落成仪式 3  begin, introduce 开始；引进 4  enter with ceremony upon (an undertaking etc.) 为(企业等)举行开幕式 □ inauguration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inaugurator  n.  □ inauguratory  adj.   [Latin inaugurare (as IN-2, augurare ‘take omens’: see AUGUR)]

inauspicious /inɔ:ˈspiʃəs/ adj.  1  ill-omened, unpropitious 不祥的，不吉利的 2  unlucky 不幸的 □ inauspiciously  adv.  □ inauspiciousness  n.  

inauthentic /inɔ:ˈθentik/ n.  not authentic; not genuine 不可靠的；不可信的；不真的 □ inauthenticity  /-ˈtisiti/ n.  

in-between attrib. adj. colloq.  intermediate [口]中间的  at an in-between stage  在中间阶段

inboard /ˈinbɔ:d/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  within the sides of or towards the centre of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle 在船内，在机舱内，在车内；在(船、机舱、车)内侧 ●adj.  situated inboard 在…内(侧)的

inborn /ˈinbɔ:n, inˈbɔ:n/ adj.  existing from birth; implanted by nature 天生的；先天的

inbreathe /inˈbri:ð/ v. tr.  1  breathe in or absorb 吸入；吸收 2  inspire (a person) 激励，鼓舞(某人)

inbred /inˈbred, ˈinbred/ adj.  1  inborn 天生的，先天的 2  produced by inbreeding 近亲繁殖的

inbreeding /ˈinbri:diŋ/ n.  breeding from closely related animals or persons 同系交配，近亲繁殖 □ inbreed  v. tr. & intr. (past and past part. inbred)  

inbuilt /ˈinbilt/ adj.  incorporated as part of a structure 与某结构建成一体的

Inc. /iŋk/ abbr. N. Amer. [缩略] [北美]  Incorporated 

Inca /ˈiŋkə/ n.  a member of an American Indian people in Peru before the Spanish conquest 印加人(西班牙统治前居住在秘鲁的美洲印第安人) □ Incaic  /iŋˈkeiik/ adj.  □ Incan  adj.   [Quechua, = lord, royal person]

incalculable /inˈkælkjʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  1  too great for calculation 极大的，不可计算的 2  that cannot be reckoned beforehand 预先估计不到的 3 (of a person, character, etc.) uncertain (人、性格等)不定的 □ incalculability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incalculably  adv.  

in camera  see 见 CAMERA 

incandesce /inkænˈdes/ v. intr. & tr.  glow or cause to glow with heat (使)白热化，(使)白炽化 [back-formation from INCANDESCENT]

incandescent /inkænˈdes(ə)nt/ adj.  1  glowing with heat 炽热的，白热的 2  shining brightly 闪闪发光的 3 (of an electric or other light) produced by a glowing white-hot filament (电及其他光)白炽的 □ incandescence  n.  □ incandescently  adv.   [French from Latin incandescere (as IN-2, candescere, inceptive of candēre ‘be white’)]

incantation /inkænˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a magical formula 咒语b  the use of this 念咒语 2  a spell or charm 符咒，咒文 □ incantational  adj.  □ incantatory  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin incantatio -onis, from incantare ‘chant, bewitch’ (as IN-2, cantare ‘sing’)]

incapable /inˈkeipəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  not capable 无能力的，不能的b  lacking the required quality or characteristic (favourable or adverse) 缺少必要(有利或有害)的品质(特征)的  incapable of hurting anyone  不会伤害他人 2  not capable of rational conduct or of managing one's own affairs 不能理智行事的；不能处理个人事务的  drunk and incapable  酩酊大醉，耍酒疯 □ incapability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incapably  adv.   [French incapable or Late Latin incapabilis (as IN-1, capabilis CAPABLE)]

incapacitate /inkəˈpæsiteit/ v. tr.  1  render incapable or unfit 使无能力；使不适合 2  disqualify 使无资格 □ incapacitant  n.  □ incapacitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

incapacity /inkəˈpæsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  inability; lack of the necessary power or resources 无能；无能力 2  legal disqualification (法律上)无资格 3  an instance of incapacity 无能行为 [French incapacité or Late Latin incapacitas (as IN-1, CAPACITY)]

in-car attrib. adj.  occurring, situated, or carried in a car 发生或位于车内的，车上运载的

incarcerate /inˈkɑ:səreit/ v. tr.  imprison or confine 监禁；禁闭 □ incarceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ incarcerator  n.   [medieval Latin incarcerare (as IN-2, Latin carcer ‘prison’)]

incarnadine /inˈkɑ:nədain/ n., adj. & v. poet. [诗] ●n.  flesh colour; crimson 肉色，深红色 ●adj.  flesh-coloured; crimson 肉色的；深红色的 ●v. tr.  dye incarnadine 染成肉色(深红色) [French incarnadin -ine from Italian incarnadino (for -tino), from incarnato INCARNATE adj.]

incarnate adj. & v. ●adj. /inˈkɑ:nət/  1 (of a person, spirit, quality, etc.) embodied in flesh, esp. in human form (人、精神、品质等)化身的；(尤指)人体化的  the devil incarnate  魔鬼的化身 2  represented in a recognizable or typical form 实体化的；具体化的  folly incarnate  愚蠢的具体表现 ●v. tr. /ˈinkɑ:neit, -ˈkɑ:neit/  1  embody in flesh 赋予肉体，使成人形 2  put (an idea etc.) into concrete form; realize 使(思想等)具体化；使有形化 3 (of a person etc.) be the living embodiment of (a quality) (人等)作为(品质的)生动体现 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin incarnare incarnat- ‘make flesh’ (as IN-2, Latin caro carnis ‘flesh’)]

incarnation /inkɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  embodiment in (esp. human) flesh (尤指人)赋予肉体，具有人形b (作 the Incarnation) (in Christian theology) the embodiment of God the Son in human flesh as Jesus Christ (基督教神话)道成肉身(上帝以耶稣基督的身份化为人) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a living type (of a quality etc.) (品质等的)化身 3 Med.  the process of forming new flesh 【医】入肉(即长入或包入肉内) [Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin incarnatio -onis (as INCARNATE)]

incase var.  of ENCASE  ENCASE 的变体

incautious /inˈkɔ:ʃəs/ adj.  heedless, rash 不谨慎的，鲁莽的 □ incaution  n.  □ incautiously  adv.  □ incautiousness  n.  

incendiary /inˈsendjəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a substance or device, esp. a bomb) designed to cause fires (物质、设备，尤指炸弹)能引起燃烧的 2  a  of or relating to the malicious setting on fire of property 纵火的；与纵火有关的b  guilty of this 纵火罪的 3  tending to stir up strife; inflammatory 煽动的；煽动性的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an incendiary bomb or device 燃烧弹(或装置) 2  an incendiary person 煽动者 □ incendiarism  n.   [Middle English from Latin incendiarius, via incendium ‘conflagration’ from incendere incens- ‘set fire to’]

incense1 /ˈinsens/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gum or spice producing a sweet smell when burned (焚烧时产生芳香的)香 2  the smoke of this, esp. in religious ceremonial (尤指祭供焚烧时)香发出的烟 ●v. tr.  1  treat or perfume (a person or thing) with incense 用香熏人(或物) 2  burn incense to (a deity etc.) (给神等)烧香 3  suffuse with fragrance 使充满芬香 □ incensation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French encens, encenser from ecclesiastical Latin incensum ‘a thing burnt, incense’: see INCENDIARY]

incense2 /inˈsens/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with, against)  enrage; make angry 激怒；使愤怒 [Middle English from Old French incenser (as INCENDIARY)]

incensory /ˈinsens(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  = CENSER  [medieval Latin incensorium (as INCENSE1)]

incentive /inˈsentiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a motive or incitement, esp. to action (尤指行动的)动机，刺激 2  a payment or concession to stimulate greater output by workers 鼓励，奖励 ●adj.  serving to motivate or incite 刺激性的；鼓励性的 [Middle English from Latin incentivus ‘setting the tune’, from incinere incent- ‘sing to’ (as IN-2, canere ‘sing’)]

incept /inˈsept/ v.  1 tr. Biol. (of an organism) digest (food) 【生】(有机体)摄取(养料) 2 intr. Brit. hist.  take a master's or doctor's degree at a university [英史义] (在大学)取得硕士(博士)学位 □ inceptor  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Latin incipere incept- ‘begin’ (as IN-2, capere ‘take’)]

inception /inˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  a beginning 开始，开端 [Middle English from Old French inception or Latin inceptio (as INCEPT)]

inceptive /inˈseptiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  beginning 开始的b  initial 起头的 2 Gram. (of a verb) that denotes the beginning of an action 【语法】(动词)表示动作开始的 ●n.  an inceptive verb 表始动词 [Late Latin inceptivus (as INCEPT)]

incertitude /inˈsɜ:titju:d/ n.  uncertainty, doubt 不肯定，怀疑 [French incertitude or Late Latin incertitudo (as IN-1, CERTITUDE)]

incessant /inˈses(ə)nt/ adj.  unceasing, continual, repeated 不停的，不断的，反复的 □ incessancy  n.  □ incessantly  adv.  □ incessantness  n.   [French incessant or Late Latin incessans (as IN-1, cessans, pres. part. of Latin cessare CEASE)]

incest /ˈinsest/ n.  sexual intercourse between persons regarded as too closely related to marry each other 乱伦，血亲相奸 [Middle English from Latin incestus (as IN-1, castus CHASTE)]

incestuous /inˈsestjʊəs/ adj.  1  involving or guilty of incest 乱伦的；犯乱伦罪的 2 (of human relations generally) excessively restricted or resistant to wider influence (人际关系)小集团的；小圈子的 □ incestuously  adv.  □ incestuousness  n.   [Late Latin incestuosus (as INCEST)]

inch1 /in(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a unit of linear measure equal to one-twelfth of a foot (2.54 cm) (长度计量单位)英寸(等于 1/12 英尺， 2.54 厘米) 2  a (as a unit of rainfall) a quantity that would cover a horizontal surface to a depth of 1 inch (作为雨量单位)1 英寸的雨量b (of atmospheric or other pressure) an amount that balances the weight of a column of mercury 1 inch high (大气压及其他压力)使水银柱保持在 1 英寸的高度 3 (as a unit of map-scale) so many inches representing 1 mile on the ground (作为地图比例尺单位)数英寸代表地面 1 英里 4  a small amount 一点儿，少许 usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用 : would not yield an inch  寸步不让 ●v. tr. & intr.  move gradually in a specified way (按特殊方式) (使)缓慢地移动  inched forward  慢慢前进 □ every inch   1  entirely 完全，彻底  looked every inch a queen  看上去完全是一副皇后的派头 2  the whole distance or area 在各方面  combed every inch of the garden  找遍了园子的每个角落□ give a person an inch and he (or she) will take a mile (or originally an ell)   a person once conceded to will demand much 得寸进尺□ inch by inch   gradually; bit by bit 逐渐地，一点一点地□ within an inch of   almost to the point of 几乎，差点儿 [Old English ynce from Latin uncia ‘twelfth part’: cf. OUNCE1]

inch2 /in(t)ʃ/ n. esp. Sc.  a small island (esp. in place names) [尤苏格兰] (尤指地名中的)小岛 [Middle English from Gaelic innis]

-in-chief comb. form (as second element) supreme (commander-in-chief 最高统帅；总司令) [构词成分] (作为第二个构成部分)最高的，至上的

inchoate adj. & v. ●adj. /inˈkəʊeit, ˈink-, -ət/  1  just begun 才开始的 2  undeveloped, rudimentary, unformed 不发达的，初步的，不成熟的 ●v. tr. /ˈinkəʊeit/  begin; originate 开始；创始 □ inchoately  adv.  □ inchoateness  n.  □ inchoative  /-ˈkəʊətiv/ adj.   [Latin inchoatus, past part. of inchoare (as IN-2, choare ‘begin’)]■Usage 用法说明 Inchoate, meaning ‘just begun’ or ‘undeveloped’, should not be confused with incoherent or chaotic, although all these words can often be found in similar contexts. Inchoate scribbles thus means ‘undeveloped’ rather than ‘incoherent’ pieces of writing. 词语 inchoate 意指“才开始的”、“不发达的”，不要将其和 incoherent (不连贯的)和 chaotic (杂乱的)混淆，虽然经常可以看到这三个词用在相同的上下文中。词组 inchoate scribbles 是指“不成熟”的文章，而不是“语无伦次”的文章。 

inchworm /ˈin(t)ʃwɜ:m/ n.  = MEASURING WORM 

incidence /ˈinsid(ə)ns/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the fact, manner, or rate, of occurrence or action 发生，发生方式；发生率 2  the range, scope, or extent of influence of a thing (某事的)影响范围(范畴、程度) 3 Physics  the falling of a line, or of a thing moving in a line, upon a surface 【物理学】入射 4  the act or an instance of coming into contact with a thing 接触(某物) □ angle of incidence   the angle which an incident line, ray, etc., makes with the perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence 入射角 [Middle English from Old French incidence or medieval Latin incidentia (as INCIDENT)]

incident /ˈinsid(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an event or occurrence 事件；发生的事b  a minor or detached event attracting general attention or noteworthy in some way (会引起公众注意的)小事故或独立的小事件 2  a hostile clash, esp. of troops of countries at war (尤指交战国军队之间的)冲突  a frontier incident  边境事件 3  a distinct piece of action in a play or a poem (剧本、诗歌中的)插曲，枝节 4 Law  a privilege, burden, etc., attaching to an obligation or right 【法律】(附属于义务或权利的)特别权利(责任等) ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  apt or liable to happen; naturally attaching or dependent 容易发生的；伴随而来的b (foll. by 后跟 to) Law  attaching to 【法律】附带的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon) (of light etc.) falling or striking (光等)入射的 [Middle English from French incident or Latin incidere (as IN-2, cadere ‘fall’)]

incidental /insiˈdent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  having a minor role in relation to a more important thing, event, etc. 次要的b  not essential 非本质的，非主要的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  liable to happen 易发生的 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  following as a subordinate event 附带的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a minor detail, expense, event, etc. 杂项(杂费、杂事等)

incidentally /insiˈdent(ə)li/ adv.  1  by the way; as an unconnected remark 顺便提一句；顺便说及地 2  in an incidental way 偶然地

incidental music n.  music used as a background to the action of a film, broadcast, etc. (电影、广播等的)背景音乐，配乐

incinerate /inˈsinəreit/ v. tr.  1  consume (a body etc.) by fire 火化(尸体等) 2  reduce to ashes 烧成灰烬 □ incineration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin incinerare (as IN-2, cinis -eris ‘ashes’)]

incinerator /inˈsinəreitə/ n.  a furnace or apparatus for burning esp. refuse to ashes (尤指焚烧垃圾用的)焚化炉(设备)

incipient /inˈsipiənt/ adj.  1  beginning 刚开始的 2  in an initial stage 早期的 □ incipience  n.  □ incipiency  n.  □ incipiently  adv.   [Latin incipere incipient- (as INCEPT)]

incise /inˈsaiz/ v. tr.  1  make a cut in 切入，切开 2  engrave 雕，刻 [French inciser from Latin incidere incis- (as IN-2, caedere ‘cut’)]

incision /inˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a cut; a division produced by cutting; a notch 切；切开；切口 2  the act of cutting into a thing 切入 [Middle English from Old French incision or Late Latin incisio (as INCISE)]

incisive /inˈsaisiv/ adj.  1  mentally sharp; acute (思想上)锐利的；敏锐的 2  clear and effective 清晰而有效的 3  cutting, penetrating 锋利的，深刻的 □ incisively  adv.  □ incisiveness  n.   [medieval Latin incisivus (as INCISE)]

incisor /inˈsaizə/ n.  a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting 门齿，切齿 [medieval Latin, = cutter (as INCISE)]

incite /inˈsait/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to or to + infin.)  urge or stir up 激励；煽动 □ incitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ incitement  n.  □ inciter  n.   [Middle English via French inciter from Latin incitare (as IN-2, citare ‘rouse’)]

incivility /insiˈviliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  rudeness, discourtesy 粗鲁，无礼貌 2  a rude or discourteous act 粗鲁的行为；无礼貌的举动 [French incivilité or Late Latin incivilitas (as IN-1, CIVILITY)]

incl. abbr. [缩略]  including 

inclement /inˈklem(ə)nt/ adj. (of the weather or climate) severe, esp. cold or stormy (天气、气候)严酷的(尤指严寒或暴风雨雪) □ inclemency  n. (pl. -ies)  □ inclemently  adv.   [French inclément or Latin inclemens (as IN-1, CLEMENT)]

inclination /inkliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a disposition or propensity (性格上的)意向；倾向 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a liking or affection 爱好；癖好 3  a  a leaning, slope, or slant 倾斜，斜坡；斜面b  a bending of the body or head in a bow (鞠躬时的)弯腰；点头 4  the difference of direction of two lines or planes, esp. as measured by the angle between them 斜角；倾角 5  the dip of a magnetic needle (磁针的)倾角 [Middle English from Old French inclination or Latin inclinatio (as INCLINE)]

incline v. & n. ●v. /inˈklain/  1 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 to, for, or to + infin.)  a  make (a person, feelings, etc.) willing or favourably disposed (人、感情等)使易于；使倾向于  am inclined to think so  倾向于这样想 does not incline me to agree  不想要我同意b  give a specified tendency to (a thing) 使(某物)倾向于  the door is inclined to bang  门很容易发出砰砰声 2 intr.  a  be disposed 乐意  I incline to think so  我喜欢这样想b (often foll. by 常后跟 to, towards)  tend 倾向于 3 intr. & tr.  lean or turn away from a given direction, esp. the vertical (使)倾斜 4 tr.  bend (the head, body, or oneself) forward or downward (头、身体等)低头；屈身 ●n. /ˈinklain/  1  a slope 斜坡 2  an inclined plane 斜面 □ incline one's ear  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  listen favourably 倾听□ incliner  n.   [Middle English encline via Old French encliner from Latin inclinare (as IN-2, clinare ‘bend’)]

inclined plane n.  a sloping plane (esp. as a means of reducing the force needed to raise a load) 斜面(尤作为减小提升重物所需力的手段)

inclinometer /inkliˈnɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring the angle between the direction of the earth's magnetic field and the horizontal 磁倾计(仪) 2  an instrument for measuring the inclination of an aircraft or ship to the horizontal (测量航空器或船舶的)倾斜仪 3  an instrument for measuring a slope (测量坡度的)测斜计 [Latin inclinare INCLINE v. + -METER]

inclose var.  of ENCLOSE  ENCLOSE 的变体

inclosure var.  of ENCLOSURE  ENCLOSURE 的变体

include /inˈklu:d/ v. tr.  1  comprise or reckon in as part of a whole 包括，包含 2 (as 作 including prep.)  counting in the reckoning 把…算入  six members, including the chairman  包括主席在内共 6 人 3  treat or regard as so included 当作(视为)其中的一部分 4 (as 作 included adj.)  shut in; enclosed 关住；包住 □ include out  colloq. or joc.  specifically exclude [口] [诙]排除在外 [Middle English from Latin includere inclus- (as IN-2, claudere ‘shut’)]

inclusion /inˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of including something 包括 2  a  the condition of being included 包含条件b  an instance of this 包含 3  a thing which is included 内含物 4  a body or particle distinct from the substance in which it is embedded 夹杂物

inclusive /inˈklu:siv/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  including, comprising 包括的，包含的 2  with the inclusion of the extreme limits stated 包括上述最大限度的  pages 7 to 26 inclusive  7 至 26 页，包括第 7 页和第 26 页 3  including all the normal services etc. 一切服务等项目包括在内的  a hotel offering inclusive terms  提供一条龙服务的旅馆 4  a  not excluding any section of society 不排除社会任何阶层的b (of language) deliberately non-sexist, esp. avoiding the use of masculine pronouns to cover both men and women (语言)对性别不抱偏见的(尤指避免使用阳性代词指代男人和女人) □ inclusively  adv.  □ inclusiveness  n.   [medieval Latin inclusivus (as INCLUDE)]

incog /inˈkɒɡ/ adj., adv. & n. colloq. [口]  = INCOGNITO  [abbreviation]

incognito /inkɒɡˈni:təʊ, inˈkɒɡnitəʊ/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  with one's name or identity kept secret 隐姓埋名(的) (地)  was travelling incognito  微行 ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a person who is incognito 隐姓埋名者 2  the pretended identity or anonymous character of such a person 伪装；微行者的假身份 [Italian, = unknown, from Latin incognitus (as IN-1, cognitus, past part. of cognoscere ‘know’)]

incognizant /inˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 incognisant) (foll. by 后跟 of)  unaware; not knowing 没意识到的，没查觉到的 □ incognizance  n.  

incoherent /inkə(ʊ)ˈhiər(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a person) unable to speak intelligibly (人)语无伦次的 2 (of speech etc.) lacking logic or consistency (说话等)无条理的；不连贯的 3 Physics (of waves) having no definite or stable phase relationship 【物理学】(波)非相干的 □ incoherence  n.  □ incoherency  n. (pl. -ies)  □ incoherently  adv.  

incombustible /inkəmˈbʌstib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be burnt or consumed by fire 不能燃烧的，阻燃的 □ incombustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin incombustibilis (as IN-1, COMBUSTIBLE)]

income /ˈinkʌm/ n.  the money or other assets received, esp. periodically or in a year, from one's business, lands, work, investments, etc. 收入，收益(尤指某一段时间或一年所得的工作报酬、土地、投资等收益) [originally = arrival: Middle English, probably from Old Norse innkoma: in later use from come in]

income group n.  a section of the population determined by income 收入阶层

incomer /ˈinkʌmə/ n.  1  a person who comes in 进来的人 2 esp. Brit.  a person who arrives to settle in a place; an immigrant [尤英]新来的定居者；移民 3  an intruder 闯入者，侵入者 4  a successor 后继者；替手

-incomer /ˈinkʌmə/ comb. form Brit.  earning a specified kind or level of income (middle-incomer 中等收入者) [构词成分] [英]赚取特定种类(或水平)的收入者

income support n.  a system by which people on low incomes can, according to their circumstances, claim a payment from the state (由政府给低收入者补贴的)收入保障(系统)

income tax n.  a tax levied on income 所得税

incoming /ˈinkʌmiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  coming in 进来的，正来临的  the incoming tide  涨潮 incoming telephone calls  打进来的电话 2  succeeding another person or persons 继任的；后继者的  the incoming tenant  新房客 3 Brit.  immigrant [英]从国外移入的 4 (of profit) accruing (收益)自然增长的 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  revenue, income 岁入，收入 2  the act of arriving or entering 到来，进来

incommensurable /inkəˈmenʃ(ə)rəb(ə)l, -sjə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having no common standard of measurement; not comparable in respect of magnitude or value (因计量标准不同而)无共同尺度的；不能比较的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  not worthy of being compared with; utterly disproportionate to 不配比较的；极不相称的 3 Math. 【数】  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a magnitude or magnitudes) having no common factor, integral or fractional (量值)不可通约的b  irrational 无理的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an incommensurable quantity 不可通约量 □ incommensurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incommensurably  adv.   [Late Latin incommensurabilis (as IN-1, COMMENSURABLE)]

incommensurate /inkəˈmenʃ(ə)rət, -sjə-/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  out of proportion; inadequate 不相称的，不充分的 2  = INCOMMENSURABLEadj. 1  □ incommensurately  adv.  □ incommensurateness  n.  

incommode /inkəˈməʊd/ v. tr.  1  hinder, inconvenience 妨碍，给带来不便 2  trouble, annoy 打扰，惹恼 [French incommoder or Latin incommodare (as IN-1, commodus ‘convenient’)]

incommodious /inkəˈməʊdiəs/ adj.  not affording good accommodation; uncomfortable 不方便的；不舒服的 □ incommodiously  adv.  □ incommodiousness  n.  

incommunicable /inkəˈmju:nikəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be communicated or shared 不能沟通的；不能分享的 2  that cannot be uttered or told 不能表达的；不能言传的 3  that does not communicate; uncommunicative 不能传达的；不爱说话的 □ incommunicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incommunicableness  n.  □ incommunicably  adv.   [Late Latin incommunicabilis (as IN-1, COMMUNICABLE)]

incommunicado /ˌinkəmju:niˈkɑ:dəʊ/ adj.  1  without or deprived of the means of communication with others 不能与他人接触的；被禁止接触外界的 2 (of a prisoner) in solitary confinement (犯人)被单独监禁的 [Spanish incomunicado, past part. of incomunicar ‘deprive of communication’]

incommunicative /inkəˈmju:nikətiv/ adj.  not communicative; taciturn 不爱交际的，沉默寡言的 □ incommunicatively  adv.  □ incommunicativeness  n.  

incommutable /inkəˈmju:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not changeable 不可变换的 2  not commutable 不可交换的 □ incommutably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin incommutabilis (as IN-1, COMMUTABLE)]

incomparable /inˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  without an equal; matchless 无比的，无双的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  not to be compared 不能比较的 □ incomparability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incomparably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin incomparabilis (as IN-1, COMPARABLE)]

incompatible /inkəmˈpætib(ə)l/ adj.  1  opposed in character; discordant 难相容的；不协调的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  inconsistent 不一致的 3 (of persons) unable to live, work, etc., together in harmony (人与人)不能和谐相处的 4 (of drugs) not suitable for taking at the same time (药物)配伍禁忌的 5 (of equipment, machinery, etc.) not capable of being used in combination (设备、机械等)不能配套使用的 □ incompatibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incompatibleness  n.  □ incompatibly  adv.   [medieval Latin incompatibilis (as IN-1, COMPATIBLE)]

incompetent /inˈkɒmpit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  not qualified or able to perform a particular task or function 不胜任的，无能力的  an incompetent builder  不称职的建筑工人b (of a witness, evidence, etc.) not legally qualified or qualifying (证人、证据等)法律上无资格的；无效的 2  showing a lack of skill 不胜任的  an incompetent performance  一场蹩脚的演出 3 Med. (esp. of a valve or sphincter) not able to perform its function 【医】(尤指瓣膜、括约肌)机能不全的 ●n.  an incompetent person 无能力的人；不能胜任的人 □ incompetence  n.  □ incompetency  n.  □ incompetently  adv.   [French incompétent or Late Latin incompetens (as IN-1, COMPETENT)]

incomplete /inkəmˈpli:t/ adj.  not complete 不完全的，未完成的 □ incompletely  adv.  □ incompleteness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin incompletus (as IN-1, COMPLETE)]

incomprehensible /ˌinkɒmpriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  that cannot be understood 无法理解的 □ incomprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incomprehensibleness  n.  □ incomprehensibly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin incomprehensibilis (as IN-1, COMPREHENSIBLE)]

incomprehension /ˌinkɒmpriˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  failure to understand 不懂，不理解

incompressible /inkəmˈpresib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be compressed 不能压缩的 □ incompressibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

inconceivable /inkənˈsi:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be imagined 不能想像的，不可思议的 2 colloq.  unbelievable [口]难以相信的 □ inconceivability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inconceivableness  n.  □ inconceivably  adv.  

inconclusive /inkənˈklu:siv/ adj. (of an argument, evidence, or action) not decisive or convincing (论据、证据、行动)非决定性的；无说服力的 □ inconclusively  adv.  □ inconclusiveness  n.  

incondensable /inkənˈdensəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be condensed, esp. that cannot be reduced to a liquid or solid condition 不能凝缩的(尤指不能变为液体或固体状态)

incongruous /inˈkɒŋɡrʊəs/ adj.  1  out of place; absurd 不适当的，不相称的；荒谬的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  disagreeing; out of keeping 不一致的，不协调的 □ incongruity  /-ˈɡru:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ incongruously  adv.  □ incongruousness  n.   [Latin incongruus (as IN-1, CONGRUOUS)]

inconsecutive /inkənˈsekjʊtiv/ adj.  lacking sequence; inconsequent 不按顺序的；不连贯的 □ inconsecutively  adv.  

inconsequent /inˈkɒnsikw(ə)nt/ adj.  1  irrelevant 不相关的，不切题的 2  lacking logical sequence 不合逻辑的 3  disconnected 不连贯的 □ inconsequence  n.  □ inconsequently  adv.   [Latin inconsequens (as IN-1, CONSEQUENT)]

inconsequential /ˌinkɒnsiˈkwenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  unimportant 不重要的 2  = INCONSEQUENT  □ inconsequentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ inconsequentially  adv.  □ inconsequentialness  n.  

inconsiderable /inkənˈsid(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  of small size, value, etc. (尺寸、价值等)小的 2  not worth considering 不值得考虑的 [obsolete French inconsidérable or Late Latin inconsiderabilis (as IN-1, CONSIDERABLE)]

inconsiderate /inkənˈsid(ə)rət/ adj.  1 (of a person or action) thoughtless, rash (人、行动)考虑不周的，轻率的 2  lacking in regard for the feelings of others 不替别人着想的 □ inconsiderately  adv.  □ inconsiderateness  n.  □ inconsideration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin inconsideratus (as IN-1, CONSIDERATE)]

inconsistent /inkənˈsist(ə)nt/ adj.  1  acting at variance with one's own principles or former conduct (原则、行为方面)反复无常的；前后矛盾的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  not in keeping; discordant, incompatible 不一致的；不协调的，不相容的 3 (of a single thing) incompatible or discordant; having self-contradictory parts (单一事物)不能和谐相处的；不相容的；自相矛盾的 □ inconsistency  n. (pl. -ies)  □ inconsistently  adv.  

inconsolable /inkənˈsəʊləb(ə)l/ adj. (of a person, grief, etc.) that cannot be consoled or comforted (人、悲伤等)无法安慰的；不能慰藉的 □ inconsolability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inconsolably  adv.   [French inconsolable or Latin inconsolabilis (as IN-1, consolabilis from consolari CONSOLE1)]

inconsonant /inˈkɒns(ə)nənt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  not harmonious; not compatible 不和谐的，不相容的 □ inconsonance  n.  □ inconsonantly  adv.  

inconspicuous /inkənˈspikjʊəs/ adj.  1  not conspicuous; not easily noticed 不引人注目的，不显眼的 2 Bot. (of flowers) small, pale, or green 【植】(花)小而色淡的 □ inconspicuously  adv.  □ inconspicuousness  n.   [Latin inconspicuus (as IN-1, CONSPICUOUS)]

inconstant /inˈkɒnst(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a person) fickle, changeable (人)反复无常的，多变的 2  frequently changing; variable, irregular 常变的；易变的，无规则的 □ inconstancy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ inconstantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin inconstans -antis (as IN-1, CONSTANT)]

incontestable /inkənˈtestəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be disputed 无可争辩的 □ incontestability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incontestably  adv.   [French incontestable or medieval Latin incontestabilis (as IN-1, contestabilis from Latin contestari CONTEST)]

incontinent /inˈkɒntinənt/ adj.  1  unable to control movements of the bowels or bladder or both (大小便)失禁的 2  lacking self-restraint (esp. in regard to sexual desire) (尤在性生活方面)不能自制的 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  unable to control 不能控制的 □ incontinence  n.  □ incontinently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French or Latin incontinens (as IN-1, CONTINENT2)]

incontrovertible /ˌinkɒntrəˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj.  indisputable, indubitable 无可辩驳的，不容置疑的 □ incontrovertibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incontrovertibly  adv.  

inconvenience /inkənˈvi:niəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  lack of suitability to personal requirements or ease 不方便，不自在 2  a cause or instance of this 不便之处；麻烦事 ●v. tr.  cause inconvenience to 给…带来不便 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin inconvenientia (as INCONVENIENT)]

inconvenient /inkənˈvi:niənt/ adj.  1  unfavourable to ease or comfort; not convenient 让人不舒服的；不方便的 2  awkward, troublesome 不适宜的，麻烦的 □ inconveniently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin inconveniens -entis (as IN-1, CONVENIENT)]

inconvertible /inkənˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj.  1  not convertible 不能变换(转换)的 2 (esp. of currency) not convertible into another form on demand (尤指货币)不能兑换外币的 □ inconvertibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inconvertibly  adv.   [French inconvertible or Late Latin inconvertibilis (as IN-1, CONVERTIBLE)]

incoordination /ˌinkəʊɔ:diˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  lack of coordination, esp. of muscular action (尤指肌肉运动)不协调，不配合

incorporate v. & adj. ●v. /inˈkɔ:pəreit/  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  unite; form into one body or whole 结合；使合并为一体 2 intr.  become incorporated 成为整体 3 tr.  combine (ingredients) into one substance 将(不同成分)合成一种物质 4 tr.  admit as a member of a company etc. 吸收(成为公司等的成员) 5 tr.  a  constitute as a legal corporation 成为法人组织b (as 作 incorporated adj.)  forming a legal corporation 组成法人组织的 ●adj. /inˈkɔ:p(ə)rət/  1 (of a company etc.) formed into a legal corporation (公司等)组成法人组织的 2  embodied 被包含的 □ incorporation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ incorporator  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin incorporare (as IN-2, Latin corpus -oris ‘body’)]

incorporeal /inkɔ:ˈpɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  not composed of matter 非物质的 2  of immaterial beings 精神的 3 Law  having no physical existence 【法律】无形的 □ incorporeality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ incorporeally  adv.  □ incorporeity  /-pəˈri:iti, -pəˈreiiti/ n.   [Latin incorporeus (as INCORPORATE)]

incorrect /inkəˈrekt/ adj.  1  not in accordance with fact; wrong 不真实的；错误的 2 (of style etc.) improper, faulty (风格等)不适当的，有缺陷的 □ incorrectly  adv.  □ incorrectness  n.   [Middle English from Old French or Latin incorrectus (as IN-1, CORRECT)]

incorrigible /inˈkɒridʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person or habit) incurably bad or depraved (人、习惯)难以纠正的；不可救药的 2  not readily improved 固执的 □ incorrigibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incorrigibleness  n.  □ incorrigibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French incorrigible or Latin incorrigibilis (as IN-1, CORRIGIBLE)]

incorruptible /inkəˈrʌptib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be corrupted, esp. by bribery 廉洁的，不受(尤指贿赂)腐蚀的 2  that cannot decay; everlasting 不易腐败的；持久的 □ incorruptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incorruptibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French incorruptible or ecclesiastical Latin incorruptibilis (as IN-1, CORRUPT)]

increase v. & n. ●v. /inˈkri:s/  1 tr. & intr.  make or become greater in size, amount, etc., or more numerous (尺寸、数量等)增加；增大 2 intr.  advance (in quality, attainment, etc.) (质量、成就等)提高 3 tr.  intensify (a quality) (特性)增强，强化 ●n. /ˈiŋkri:s/  1  the act or process of becoming greater or more numerous; growth, enlargement 增长，增加，增大 2 (of people, animals, or plants) growth in numbers; multiplication (人、牲畜、植物)增加量；增殖 3  the amount or extent of an increase 增加额 □ on the increase   increasing, esp. in frequency (尤指频率)不断增加□ increasable  adj.  □ increasingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French encreiss-, stem of encreistre, from Latin increscere (as IN-2, crescere ‘grow’)]

incredible /inˈkredib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be believed 不能相信的 2 colloq.  hard to believe; amazing [口]难以置信的；惊人的 □ incredibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incredibly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin incredibilis (as IN-1, CREDIBLE)]

incredulous /inˈkredjʊləs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  unwilling to believe 不轻信的；怀疑的 □ incredulity  /inkriˈdju:liti/ n.  □ incredulously  adv.  □ incredulousness  n.   [Latin incredulus (as IN-1, CREDULOUS)]

increment /ˈiŋkrim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  an increase or addition, esp. one of a series on a fixed scale 增值；(尤指)增额b  the amount of this 增加量 2 Math.  a small amount by which a variable quantity increases 【数】增量 □ incremental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ incrementally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin incrementum, from increscere INCREASE]

incriminate /inˈkrimineit/ v. tr.  1 (often as 常作 incriminating adj.)  tend to prove the guilt of 证明…有罪  incriminating evidence  显示有罪的证据 2  involve in an accusation 牵连 3  charge with a crime 控告 □ incrimination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ incriminatory  adj.   [Late Latin incriminare (as IN-2, Latin crimen ‘offence’)]

incrust var.  of ENCRUST  ENCRUST 的变体

incrustation /inkrʌˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 encrustation)  1  the process of encrusting or state of being encrusted 包外壳；结壳 2  a crust or hard coating, esp. of fine material (尤指由精制材料构成的)硬壳；硬皮 3  a concretion or deposit on a surface (表面)凝结物；沉积物 4  a facing of marble etc. on a building (建筑物)表面装饰(大理石等) [French incrustation or Late Latin incrustatio (as ENCRUST)]

incubate /ˈiŋkjʊbeit/ v.  1 tr.  sit on or artificially heat (eggs) in order to bring forth young birds etc. 孵化(小鸟等) 2 tr.  cause the development of (bacteria etc.) by creating suitable conditions 培养(细菌等) 3 intr.  sit on eggs; brood 孵卵，孵化，酝酿 4 tr. & intr.  develop slowly (使)逐渐发展 [Latin incubare (as IN-2, cubare cubit- or cubat- ‘lie’)]

incubation /iŋkjʊˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of incubating 孵化b  brooding 酝酿 2 Med. 【医】  a (in full 全称 incubation period)  the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms 潜伏期b  the processes occurring during this 潜伏过程 □ incubative  /ˈiŋkjʊbeitiv/ adj.  □ incubatory  /ˈiŋkjʊbeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin incubatio (as INCUBATE)]

incubator /ˈiŋkjʊbeitə/ n.  1  an apparatus used to provide a suitable temperature and environment for a premature baby or one of low birthweight (放置早产婴儿或过小婴儿的)恒温箱 2  an apparatus used to hatch eggs or grow micro-organisms 孵化器；(培养微生物的)恒温器

incubus /ˈiŋkjʊbəs/ n. (pl. incubi /-bai/)  1  a male demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women (传说与熟睡中的女人性交的)梦淫妖 2  a nightmare 恶梦，梦魇 3  a person or thing that oppresses like a nightmare 施加梦魇般精神压力的人(或物) [Middle English from Late Latin, = Latin incubo ‘nightmare’ (as INCUBATE)]

incudes pl.  of INCUS  

inculcate /ˈinkʌlkeit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 upon, in)  urge or impress (a fact, habit, or idea) persistently (事实、习惯、思想)反复灌输；谆谆教诲 □ inculcation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inculcator  n.   [Latin inculcare (as IN-2, calcare ‘tread’ from calx calcis ‘heel’)]

inculpate /ˈinkʌlpeit/ v. tr.  1  involve in a charge 牵连(指控) 2  accuse, blame 控告，责怪 □ inculpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inculpative  /inˈkʌlpətiv/ adj.  □ inculpatory  /inˈkʌlpət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin inculpare (as IN-2, culpare ‘blame’ from culpa ‘fault’)]

incumbency /inˈkʌmb(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the office, tenure, or sphere of an incumbent 现任职位，任期；责任

incumbent /inˈkʌmbənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  resting as a duty 成为职责的，义不容辞的  it is incumbent on you to warn them  你有责任警告他们 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  lying, pressing 平躺的，压在上面的 3  currently holding office 现任的，在职的  the incumbent president  现任总统 ●n.  the holder of an office or post 现任者；在职者 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin incumbens, pres. part. of Latin incumbere ‘lie upon’ (as IN-2, cubare ‘lie’)]

incunable /inˈkju:nəb(ə)l/ n.  = INCUNABULUM 1  [French, formed as INCUNABULUM]

incunabulum /inkjʊˈnæbjʊləm/ n. (pl. incunabula /-lə/)  1  a book printed at an early date, esp. before 1501 (尤指 1501 年前所印的)古版书 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the early stages of the development of a thing 初期，摇篮时代 [Latin incunabula ‘swaddling-clothes, cradle’ (as IN-2, cunae ‘cradle’)]

incur /inˈkɜ:/ v. tr. (incurred, incurring)  suffer, experience, or become subject to (something unpleasant) as a result of one's own behaviour etc. 遭受，蒙受；招致(不愉快的事)  incurred huge debts  招致巨额债务 □ incurrable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin incurrere incurs- (as IN-2, currere ‘run’)]

incurable /inˈkjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that cannot be cured 无法治愈的 ●n.  a person who cannot be cured 医不好的病人 □ incurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ incurableness  n.  □ incurably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French incurable or Late Latin incurabilis (as IN-1, CURABLE)]

incurious /inˈkjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  lacking curiosity 不好奇的，不感兴趣的 2  heedless, careless 漫不经心的，不关心的 □ incuriosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ incuriously  adv.  □ incuriousness  n.   [Latin incuriosus (as IN-1, CURIOUS)]

incursion /inˈkɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  an invasion or attack, esp. when sudden or brief (尤指突然的、短暂的)侵略，袭击 □ incursive  /-siv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin incursio (as INCUR)]

incurve /inˈkɜ:v/ v. tr.  1  bend into a curve 使弯曲 2 (as 作 incurved adj.)  curved inwards 内弯的 □ incurvation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin incurvare (as IN-2, CURVE)]

incus /ˈiŋkəs/ n. (pl. incudes /ˈiŋkjʊdi:z, inˈkju:di:z/)  the small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, in contact with the malleus and stapes (中耳内与锤骨、镫骨相连的)砧骨 [Latin, = anvil]

incuse /inˈkju:z/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  an impression hammered or stamped on a coin (硬币上的)铸印图案 ●v. tr.  1  mark (a coin) with a figure by stamping 在(硬币上)铸印图案 2  impress (a figure) on a coin by stamping 铸印(图案)于硬币上 ●adj.  hammered or stamped on a coin (硬币)有铸印的 [Latin incusus, past part. of incudere (as IN-2, cudere ‘forge’)]

Ind. abbr. [缩略]  1  Independent  2  a  India b  Indian  3  Indiana 

indaba /inˈdɑ:bə/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a conference between or with members of southern African native peoples 南非土人间(或与南非土人)的会议 2 colloq.  one's problem or concern [口]个人的问题(关注) [Zulu, = business]

indebted /inˈdetid/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  owing gratitude or obligation 受惠的；有义务偿还的 2  owing money 负债的 □ indebtedness  n.   [Middle English from Old French endetté, past part. of endetter ‘involve in debt’ (as EN-1, detter from dette DEBT)]

indecent /inˈdi:s(ə)nt/ adj.  1  offending against recognized standards of decency 不成体统的，有伤风化的 2  unbecoming; highly unsuitable 不合适的；不适当的  with indecent haste  匆忙而失礼 □ indecency  n. (pl. -ies)  □ indecently  adv.   [French indécent or Latin indecens (as IN-1, DECENT)]

indecent assault n.  a sexual attack not involving rape 性骚扰，猥亵行为

indecent exposure n.  the intentional act of publicly and indecently exposing one's body, esp. the genitals 有伤风化的祼露身体(尤指暴露生殖器)

indecipherable /indiˈsaif(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be deciphered (密码等)破译不出的

indecision /indiˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  lack of decision; hesitation 缺乏决断；犹豫不决 [French indécision (as IN-1, DECISION)]

indecisive /indiˈsaisiv/ adj.  1  not decisive 无决断力的 2  undecided, hesitating 优柔寡断的，犹豫不决的 □ indecisively  adv.  □ indecisiveness  n.  

indeclinable /indiˈklainəb(ə)l/ adj. Gram. 【语法】  1  that cannot be declined 不变格的 2  having no inflections 无词尾变化的 [Middle English via French indéclinable from Latin indeclinabilis (as IN-1, DECLINE)]

indecorous /inˈdek(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  improper 不适当的，不得体的 2  in bad taste 缺乏品味的 □ indecorously  adv.  □ indecorousness  n.   [Latin indecorus (as IN-1, decorus ‘seemly’)]

indecorum /indiˈkɔ:rəm/ n.  1  lack of decorum 不得体，不合礼节 2  improper behaviour 不得体(失礼)的言行 [Latin, neut. of indecorus: see INDECOROUS]

indeed /inˈdi:d/ adv. & int. ●adv.  1  in truth; really 的确；真正地  they are, indeed, a remarkable family  他们确实是一个不平常的家庭 2  expressing emphasis or intensification (表示强调及加强语气)确实，实在  I shall be very glad indeed  那我真是太高兴了 indeed it is  确实是这样 3  admittedly (表示让步)当然；固然  there are indeed exceptions  当然有例外 4  in point of fact 就事实而言，实际上  if indeed such a thing is possible  假如这种事情真的可能的话 5  expressing an approving or ironic echo (表示同意或反语的回应语)真的，真是  who is this Mr Smith? - who is he indeed?  这位史密斯先生是谁？——真的，他是谁呀？ ●int.  expressing irony, contempt, incredulity, etc. (表示讽刺、轻蔑、怀疑等)真是，真的，哦，不见得吧

indefatigable /indiˈfætiɡəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a person, quality, etc.) that cannot be tired out; unwearying, unremitting (人、品质等)不倦的，坚持不懈的，持续的 □ indefatigability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indefatigably  adv.   [obsolete French indéfatigable or Latin indefatigabilis (as IN-1, defatigare ‘wear out’)]

indefeasible /indiˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj. literary (esp. of a claim, rights, etc.) that cannot be lost [文学用语] (尤指要求、权利等)不能废除的，不能取消的 □ indefeasibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indefeasibly  adv.  

indefectible /indiˈfektib(ə)l/ adj.  1  unfailing; not liable to defect or decay 不败的；完善的；永存的 2  faultless 无瑕疵的 [IN-1 + defectible from Late Latin defectibilis (as DEFECT)]

indefensible /indiˈfensib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be defended or justified 无法防御的；难辩解的 □ indefensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indefensibly  adv.  

indefinable /indiˈfainəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be defined or exactly described 难下定义的；不能精确描述的 □ indefinably  adv.  

indefinite /inˈdefinit/ adj.  1  vague, undefined 模糊的，不明确的 2  unlimited 无定限的，无限期的 3 Gram.  not determining the person, thing, time, etc., referred to 【语法】(人、物、时间等)不定的 □ indefiniteness  n.   [Latin indefinitus (as IN-1, DEFINITE)]

indefinite article n. Gram.  a word (a and an in English) preceding a noun and implying lack of specificity (as in bought me a book; government is an art; went to a public school) 【语法】不定冠词(如 bought me a book (给我买一本书)中的 a, government is an art (行政管理是一门艺术)中的 an, went to a public school (上公立学校)中的 a)

indefinite integral n. Math.  an integral expressed without limits, and so having the same derivative if an arbitrary constant is added 【数】不定积分

indefinitely /inˈdefinitli/ adv.  1  for an unlimited time 无限期地  was postponed indefinitely  无限期推迟 2  in an indefinite manner 不明确地

indefinite pronoun n.  a pronoun indicating a person, amount, etc., without being definite or particular, e.g. any, some, anyone 不定代词(如 any (任何一个)， some (一些)， anyone (任何人))

indehiscent /indiˈhis(ə)nt/ adj. Bot. (of fruit) not splitting open when ripe 【植】(果实成熟时)不开裂的 □ indehiscence  n.  

indelible /inˈdelib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be rubbed out or (in abstract senses) removed 去不掉的；(抽象意义上)不可磨灭的 2 (of ink etc.) that makes indelible marks (墨水等)擦不掉的 □ indelibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indelibly  adv.   [French indélébile or Latin indelebilis (as IN-1, delebilis from delēre ‘efface’)]

indelicate /inˈdelikət/ adj.  1  coarse, unrefined 粗鲁的，不文雅的 2  tactless 不得体的 3  tending to indecency 粗俗的，下流的 □ indelicacy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ indelicately  adv.  

indemnify /inˈdemnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, against)  protect or secure (a person) in respect of harm, a loss, etc. 保障，保护(某人) (免受伤害、损失等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  secure (a person) against legal responsibility for actions 使(某人)免于法律责任 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  compensate (a person) for a loss, expenses, etc. 偿还，赔偿(某人) (损失、费用等) □ indemnification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ indemnifier  n.   [Latin indemnis ‘unhurt’ (as IN-1, damnum ‘loss, damage’)]

indemnity /inˈdemniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  compensation for loss incurred 赔偿，补偿b  a sum paid for this, esp. a sum exacted by a victor in war etc. as one condition of peace 补偿金，赔款(尤指战争赔款) 2  security against loss 保障(使不受损失) 3  legal exemption from penalties etc. incurred 免罚(等) [Middle English from French indemnité or Late Latin indemnitas -tatis (as INDEMNIFY)]

indemonstrable /indiˈmɒnstrəb(ə)l, inˈdemən-/ adj.  that cannot be proved (esp. of primary or axiomatic truths) (尤指对原始真理或自明的真理)不可证明的

indene /ˈindi:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless flammable liquid hydrocarbon obtained from coal tar and used in making synthetic resins 【化】茚(用于制造合成树脂的烃类液体) [INDOLE + -ENE]

indent1 v. & n. ●v. /inˈdent/  1 tr.  start (a line of print or writing) further from the margin than other lines, e.g. to mark a new paragraph (在印刷或书写中每段第一行)缩格，表明另起一段 2 tr.  a  divide (a document drawn up in duplicate) into its two copies with a zigzag line dividing them and ensuring identification (为确保验明真伪)把(一式两份或多份文件)按犬牙状割开(以备将来拼拢)b  draw up (usu. a legal document) in exact duplicate (通常指法律上的文件)起草一式两份(或多份) 3 Brit. [英]  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon a person, for a thing)  make a requisition (originally a written order with a duplicate) 订购(原用一式两份的书面订单)b tr.  order (goods) by requisition (用订货单)订(货) 4 tr.  make toothlike notches in 使成犬牙状 5 tr.  form deep recesses in (a coastline etc.) (在海岸等处)造成凹坑 ●n. /ˈindent/  1 Brit. [英]  a  an order (esp. from abroad) for goods (尤指国外的)订货单b  an official requisition for stores 正式申请单 2  an indented line 锯齿线 3  indentation 凹口，凹陷 4  an indenture 契约，凭单 □ indentor  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French endenter from Anglo-Latin indentare (as IN-2, Latin dens dentis ‘tooth’)]

indent2 /inˈdent/ v. tr.  1  make a dent in 压凹痕于 2  impress (a mark etc.) 压印(印记等) [Middle English, from IN-2 + DENT]

indentation /indenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of indenting; the process of being indented 刻成锯齿状；呈锯齿状 2  a cut or notch 切口；凹口 3  a zigzag 锯齿状 4  a deep recess in a coastline etc. (海岸线等处的)凹入处

indention /inˈdenʃ(ə)n/ n. (an) indentation, esp. in printing or writing (尤指印刷或书写中的)首行缩进(缩格)

indenture /inˈdentʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an indented document (see 见 INDENT1 v. 2) 用双联合同 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a sealed agreement or contract (经检验盖印的)合同，契约 3  a formal list, certificate, etc. 正式凭单(凭证等) ●v. tr. hist.  bind (a person) by indentures, esp. as an apprentice [史义]以契约束缚(某人) (尤指学徒) □ indentureship  n.   [Middle English (originally Scots) from Anglo-French endenture (as INDENT1)]

independence /indiˈpend(ə)ns/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, from)  the fact or process of being independent 独立；自主，自立 2  independent income 足以过温饱生活的收入

Independence Day n.  a day celebrating the anniversary of national independence, esp. 4 July in the US (尤指美国 7 月 4 日的)独立纪念日

independency /indiˈpend(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an independent state 独立国 2  = INDEPENDENCE 

independent /indiˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not depending on authority or control 独立的；自主的b  self-governing 自治的 2  a  not depending on another person for one's opinion or livelihood 有主见的；自立的b (of income or resources) making it unnecessary to earn one's living (收入、财力)足以过温饱生活的 3  unwilling to be under an obligation to others 不愿受约束的 4 Polit.  not belonging to or supported by a party 【政】无党派的 5  not depending on something else for its validity, efficiency, value, etc. (合法性、效率、价值等)不依靠其他事物的  independent proof  独立证词 6 (of broadcasting, a school, etc.) not supported by public funds (广播、学校等)不靠公共基金资助的 7 (作 Independent) hist.  Congregational [史义]独立派的 ●n.  1  a person who is politically independent 无党派人士 2 (作 Independent) hist.  a Congregationalist [史义]独立派教徒，公理会教徒 □ independently  adv.  

in-depth attrib. adj.  thorough; done in depth 彻底的，深入的

indescribable /indiˈskraibəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  too unusual or extreme to be described 难以形容的，描写不出的 2  vague, indefinite 模糊的，不明确的 □ indescribability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indescribably  adv.  

indestructible /indiˈstrʌktib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be destroyed 毁坏不了的；不可毁灭的 □ indestructibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indestructibly  adv.  

indeterminable /indiˈtɜ:minəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be ascertained 不能查明的，无法确定的 2 (of a dispute etc.) that cannot be settled (争端等)不能解决的 □ indeterminably  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin indeterminabilis (as IN-1, Latin determinare DETERMINE)]

indeterminate /indiˈtɜ:minət/ adj.  1  not fixed in extent, character, etc. (范围、性质等)不确定的 2  left doubtful; vague 仍有疑问的；模糊的 3 Math. (of a quantity) not limited to a fixed value by the value of another quantity 【数】(数量)不确定的，未定元的 4 (of a judicial sentence) such that the convicted person's conduct determines the date of release (判决)不定刑期的(根据罪犯在狱中表现的好坏决定刑期) □ indeterminacy  n.  □ indeterminately  adv.  □ indeterminateness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin indeterminatus (as IN-1, DETERMINATE)]

indeterminate vowel n.  the obscure vowel /ə/ heard in ‘a moment ago’; a schwa 中性元音，不定元音，模糊元音(国际音标中的 /ə/ 音)

indetermination /ˌinditɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  lack of determination 不确定，模糊不清 2  the state of being indeterminate 犹豫不决，优柔寡断

indeterminism /indiˈtɜ:miniz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that human action is not wholly determined by motives 非决定论，意志自由论 □ indeterminist  n.  □ indeterministic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

index /ˈindeks/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. indexes or esp. in technical use 技术用语中复数尤作 indices /ˈindisi:z/)  1  an alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references, usu. at the end of a book (常在书后的人名、题目等的)索引 2  = CARD INDEX  3 (in full 全称 index number)  a number showing the variation of prices or wages as compared with a chosen base period 指数  retail price index  零售物价指数 Dow-Jones index  道—琼斯指数 4 Math. 【数】  a  the exponent of a number 指数b  the power to which it is raised 幂 5  a  a pointer, esp. on an instrument, showing a quantity, a position on a scale, etc. (仪表刻度盘上的)指针b  an indicator of a trend, direction, tendency, etc. (动向、方向、趋势等)指示符号c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a sign, token, or indication of something 标志，标记；指示 6 Physics  a number expressing a physical property etc. in terms of a standard 【物理学】(表示物理特性的)指数，率  refractive index  (折射率)折光指数 7 Computing  a set of items each of which specifies one of the records of a file and contains information about its address 【计算】变址 8 (作 Index) RC Ch. hist.  a list of books forbidden to Roman Catholics to read 【天主教】[史义]教廷禁书目录 9 Printing  a symbol shaped like a pointing hand, used to draw attention to a note etc. 【印刷】参见号 ●v. tr.  1  provide (a book etc.) with an index 为(书籍等)编索引 2  enter in an index 把…编入索引 3  relate (wages etc.) to the value of a price index 把(工资等)和物价指数挂钩，使(工资等)指数化 □ indexation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ indexer  n.  □ indexible  /ˈindeks-, inˈdeks-/ adj.  □ indexical  /inˈdeks-/ adj.  □ indexless  adj.   [Middle English from Latin index indicis ‘forefinger, informer, sign’: sense 8 from Latin Index librorum prohibitorum ‘list of prohibited books’]

index finger n.  the forefinger 食指

index-linked adj.  related to the value of a retail price index 与零售物价指数挂钩的 □ index-linking  n.  

India   印度

India ink /ˈindiə/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = INDIAN INK  [India in Asia: see INDIAN]

Indiaman /ˈindiəmən/ n. (pl. -men) Naut. hist.  a ship engaged in trade with India or the East Indies 【海】[史义] (与印度及东印度群岛进行贸易的)大商船

Indian /ˈindiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of India 印度人；印度国民b  a person of Indian descent 印度人的后裔 2  an American Indian 美洲印第安人 3  any of the languages of the aboriginal peoples of America 任何一种美洲土著人语言 ●adj.  1  of or relating to India, or to the subcontinent comprising India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (有关)印度的；(有关)印度次大陆的(包括印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉) 2  of or relating to the aboriginal peoples of America (有关)美洲土著人的 [Middle English from India, ultimately via Greek Indos, the River Indus, from Persian Hind: cf. HINDU]■Usage 用法说明 Indian is a misnomer for the native peoples of America, having arisen from the mistaken belief of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans in the 15th － 16th centuries that they had reached part of India by a new route. The term is considered to convey an offensive stereotype by some. However, it is used by many Native Americans in the US as a term of pride and respect. The full form American Indian (and in Canada, Canadian Indian) are unambiguous alternatives. See also Usage Note at NATIVE AMERICAN. Indian 被误用来指美洲本土人，这是由于在 15 至 16 世纪哥伦布及其他欧洲人错误地认为他们通过一条新的海路到了印度的某地。有些人认为该词习惯上表示为冒犯语，但在美国的印第安人却认为是一种尊称。印第安人 (Indian) 的全称为 American Indian (在加拿大称作 Canadian Indian) ，用它们来代替 Indian 则意义清楚无误。另见 NATIVE AMERICAN 的用法说明。 

Indian club n.  each of a pair of bottle-shaped clubs swung to exercise the arms in gymnastics (体操中用的)瓶状棒

Indian corn n.  maize 玉米，玉蜀黍

Indian elephant n.  the elephant, Elephas maximus, of India, which is smaller than the African elephant 印度象(比非洲象小)

Indian file n.  = SINGLE FILE 

Indian hemp  see 见 HEMP 1 

Indian ink n. Brit. [英]  1  a black pigment made originally in China and Japan 黑色颜料(源自中国、日本) 2  a dark ink made from this, used esp. in drawing and technical graphics 墨，墨汁

Indian Ocean n.  the ocean between Africa to the west, and Australia to the east 印度洋

Indian rope-trick n.  the supposed Indian feat of climbing an upright unsupported length of rope (印度人特有的)攀缘悬空绳索的绝技

Indian sign n.  a magic spell, jinx (esp. in 尤用于 put (or have) the Indian sign on a person 使着魔，使无计可施) 魔法；不祥之物(人)

Indian summer n.  1  a period of unusually dry warm weather sometimes occurring in late autumn 晚秋异常干燥暖和的一段时间；小阳春 2  a late period of life characterized by comparative calm 幸福安宁的晚年

India paper /ˈindiə/ n.  1  a soft absorbent kind of paper originally imported from China, used for proofs of engravings (源自中国生产的)摹拓纸 2  a very thin tough opaque printing paper 学典纸，圣经纸

India rubber /ˈindiə/ n.  = RUBBER1 2 

Indic /ˈindik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the group of Indo-European languages comprising Sanskrit and its modern descendants (有关) (包括梵语及其派生语)印欧语系中印度语族的 ●n.  this language group 印度语族 [Latin Indicus from Greek Indikos INDIAN]

indicate /ˈindikeit/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1 tr.  point out; make known; show 指出；表示，指示 2 tr.  be a sign or symptom of; express the presence of (症状等)表明；说明患有 3 tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  suggest; call for; require or show to be necessary 暗示；需要；要求；显示必要  stronger measures are indicated  表示需要采取更强硬措施 4 tr.  admit to or state briefly 简要陈述  indicated his disapproval  表明他不同意 5 tr. (of a gauge etc.) give as a reading (测量仪器等)显示读数 6 intr.  signal one's intention to turn etc. using an indicator 发出改变行车方向信号 [Latin indicare (as IN-2, dicare ‘make known’)]

indication /indiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of indicating 指出；指示；表示 2  something indicated or suggested 表明(暗示)的事情 3  a reading given by a gauge or instrument 仪器(仪表)的读数 [French from Latin indicatio (as INDICATE)]

indicative /inˈdikətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  suggestive; serving as an indication 暗示的，指示的 2 Gram. (of a mood) denoting simple statement of a fact 【语法】(语气)陈述的，直陈的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  the indicative mood 陈述语气 2  a verb in this mood 陈述语气的动词形式 □ indicatively  adv.   [Middle English via French indicatif -ive from Late Latin indicativus (as INDICATE)]

indicator /ˈindikeitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that indicates esp. performance, change, etc. (尤指表示工作情况、变化等的)指示者，指示物 2  a device indicating the condition of a machine etc. (机器等运转情况的)指示器，示功器 3  a recording instrument attached to an apparatus etc. (设备上的)记录仪 4 Brit.  a board in a railway station etc. giving current information [英] (火车站等的)信息指示牌 5  a device (esp. a flashing light) on a vehicle to show that it is about to change direction (车辆)变向指示装置(尤指闪动的灯光) 6 Chem.  a substance which changes to a characteristic colour in the presence of a particular concentration of an ion, so indicating e.g. acidity 【化】指示剂 7 Physics & Med.  a radioactive tracer 【物理学】【医】放射性示踪物 8 Biol.  a species or group which acts as a sign of particular environmental conditions 【生】(说明特殊环境状况的)指示生物物种(群落)

indicatory /inˈdikət(ə)ri, ˈindikeit(ə)ri/ adj.  = INDICATIVEadj. 1 

indices pl.  of INDEX  

indicia /inˈdiʃiə, -siə/ n. pl.  1  distinguishing marks (明显的)标记，记号 2  signs, indications 迹象，象征 [pl. of Latin indicium (as INDEX)]

indicial /inˈdiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the nature or form of an index 指数的；征象的 2  of the nature of indicia; indicative 表示的；指示的

indict /inˈdait/ v. tr.  accuse (a person) formally by legal process 对(某人)起诉，指控 □ indictee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ indicter  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French enditer ‘indict’ and Old French enditier ‘declare’ from Romanic (as IN-2, DICTATE)]

indictable /inˈdaitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an offence) rendering the person who commits it liable to be charged with a crime (罪行)可能招致起诉的 2 (of a person) so liable (人)应予以指控的

indictment /inˈdaitm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of indicting 告发 2  a  a formal accusation 控告b  a legal process in which this is made 起诉c  a document containing a charge 起诉书 3  something that serves to condemn or censure 谴责(指责)的事情 [Middle English from Anglo-French enditement (as INDICT)]

indie /ˈindi/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj. (of a pop group or record label) independent, not belonging to one of the major record companies (流行音乐乐队、唱片公司)独立的 ●n.  1  such a group or label 独立流行音乐乐队；独立唱片公司 2  an independent film company 独立影片公司

Indies /ˈindiz/ n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the) archaic  India and adjacent regions (see also 另见 EAST INDIES, WEST INDIES) [古义]印度及邻近地区 [pl. of obsolete Indy ‘India’]

indifference /inˈdif(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  lack of interest or attention 不感兴趣，不关心 2  unimportance 无关紧要，不重要  a matter of indifference  无关紧要的事 3  neutrality 中立；中性 [Latin indifferentia (as INDIFFERENT)]

indifferent /inˈdif(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  1  neither good nor bad; average, mediocre 不好不坏的；一般的，平庸的 2  a  not especially good 不特别好的b  fairly bad 相当差的 3 (often prec. by 常前接 very)  decidedly inferior 明显差的 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  having no partiality for or against; having no interest in or sympathy for 无偏袒的；不感兴趣的；不关心的 5  chemically, magnetically, etc., neutral (化学及磁性等方面)惰性的，中性的 □ indifferently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French indifferent or Latin indifferens (as IN-1, DIFFERENT)]

indifferentism /inˈdif(ə)r(ə)ntiz(ə)m/ n.  an attitude of indifference, esp. in religious matters (尤指对宗教的)冷淡主义；冷淡态度 □ indifferentist  n.  

indigenize /inˈdidʒinaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make indigenous; subject to native influence 使本地化；使受本地影响 2  subject to increased use of indigenous people in government etc. (在政府等中)本土化 □ indigenization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

indigenous /inˈdidʒinəs/ adj.  1  a (esp. of flora or fauna) originating naturally in a region (尤指植物群、动物群的分布)本地的b (of people) born in a region (人)土生土长的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  belonging naturally to a place 本土的，土产的 □ indigenously  adv.  □ indigenousness  n.   [Latin indigena, from indi- = IN-2 + gen- ‘be born’]

indigent /ˈindidʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  needy, poor 贫困的；贫穷的 □ indigence  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin indigēre, from indi- = IN-2 + egēre ‘need’]

indigested /indiˈdʒestid, -dai-/ adj.  1  shapeless 不像样的 2  ill-considered 考虑不充分的 3  not digested 不消化的，难消化的

indigestible /indiˈdʒestib(ə)l, -dai-/ adj.  1  difficult or impossible to digest 难消化的；不能消化的 2  too complex or awkward to read or comprehend easily 难领会的，难理解的 □ indigestibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indigestibly  adv.   [French indigestible or Late Latin indigestibilis (as IN-1, DIGEST)]

indigestion /indiˈdʒestʃ(ə)n, -dai-/ n.  1  difficulty in digesting food 消化不良 2  pain or discomfort caused by this 消化不良症；消化不良的不适感 □ indigestive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French indigestion or Late Latin indigestio (as IN-1, DIGESTION)]

indignant /inˈdiɡnənt/ adj.  feeling or showing scornful anger or a sense of injured innocence 愤怒的；愤慨的 □ indignantly  adv.   [Latin indignari indignant- ‘regard as unworthy’ (as IN-1, dignus ‘worthy’)]

indignation /indiɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  scornful anger at supposed unjust or unfair conduct or treatment 愤怒；愤慨；义愤 [Middle English from Old French indignation or Latin indignatio (as INDIGNANT)]

indignity /inˈdiɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  unworthy treatment 侮辱 2  a slight or insult 无礼；轻蔑 3  the humiliating quality of something 耻辱(言行)  the indignity of my position  我的处境使我蒙受了耻辱 [French indignité or Latin indignitas (as INDIGNANT)]

indigo /ˈindiɡəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a natural blue dye obtained from the indigo plant (从槐蓝属植物中获取的天然染料)靛蓝，靛青b  a synthetic form of this dye (合成的)靛蓝(青)染料 2  any plant of the genus Indigofera 槐蓝属(木蓝属)植物 3 (in full 全称 indigo blue)  a colour between blue and violet in the spectrum 靛蓝色 ●adj. (in full 全称 indigo blue; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 靛蓝色的 □ indigotic  /-ˈɡɒtik/ adj.   [16th-c. indico (from Spanish), indigo (from Portuguese), via Latin indicum from Greek indikon INDIAN (dye)]

indigo snake n.  a large non-venomous American snake, Drymarchon corais, usu. blue-black, brown, or particoloured Also called 亦称作 cribo, gopher snake (森王蛇属)森王蛇(产于美洲，通常暗蓝色、褐色或杂色无毒大蛇)

indirect /indiˈrekt, indai-/ adj.  1  not going straight to the point 曲折的 2 (of a route etc.) not straight (路线等)迂回的 3  not directly sought or aimed at 非正面的；间接的  an indirect result  间接效果 4 (of lighting) from a concealed source and diffusely reflected (照明)间接照明的，漫反射照明的 □ indirectly  adv.  □ indirectness  n.   [Middle English from Old French indirect or medieval Latin indirectus (as IN-1, DIRECT)]

indirect object n. Gram.  a person or thing affected by a verbal action but not primarily acted on (e.g. him in give him the book) 【语法】间接宾语(如 give him the book 中的 him)

indirect question n. Gram.  a question in reported speech (e.g. 如 they asked who I was 他们问我是谁) 【语法】间接疑问句

indirect speech n.  = REPORTED SPEECH 

indirect tax n.  a tax levied on goods and services and not on income or profits 间接税

indiscernible /indiˈsɜ:nib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be discerned or distinguished from another 觉察不出的；难以辨认的 □ indiscernibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indiscernibly  adv.  

indiscipline /inˈdisiplin/ n.  lack of discipline 无纪律

indiscreet /indiˈskri:t/ adj.  1  not discreet; revealing secrets 不慎重的；言行失检的 2  injudicious, unwary 缺乏判断力的，粗心大意的 □ indiscreetly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin indiscretus (as IN-1, DISCREET)]

indiscrete /indiˈskri:t/ adj.  not divided into distinct parts 不分开的；紧凑的 [Latin indiscretus (as IN-1, DISCRETE)]

indiscretion /indiˈskreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  lack of discretion; indiscreet conduct 不慎重，言行失检 2  an indiscreet action, remark, etc. 轻率的言行 [Middle English from Old French indiscretion or Late Latin indiscretio (as IN-1, DISCRETION)]

indiscriminate /indiˈskriminət/ adj.  1  making no distinctions 不加区别的 2  confused, promiscuous 混乱的，杂乱的 □ indiscriminately  adv.  □ indiscriminateness  n.  □ indiscrimination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ indiscriminative  adj.   [IN-1 + discriminate (adj.) from Latin discriminatus, past part. of discriminare DISCRIMINATE]

indispensable /indiˈspensəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  that cannot be dispensed with; necessary 必不可少的，必要的 2 (of a law, duty, etc.) that is not to be set aside (法律、责任等)不能撇开的，责无旁贷的 □ indispensability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indispensableness  n.  □ indispensably  adv.   [medieval Latin indispensabilis (as IN-1, DISPENSABLE)]

indispose /indiˈspəʊz/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  make unfit or unable 使不适合；使不能 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 towards, from, or to + infin.)  make averse 使不愿，使厌恶

indisposed /indiˈspəʊzd/ adj.  1  slightly unwell 不舒服的 2  averse or unwilling 厌恶的；不愿的

indisposition /ˌindispəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  ill health, a slight or temporary ailment 不舒服；小病 2  disinclination 不愿 3  aversion 厌恶 [French indisposition, or from IN-1 + DISPOSITION]

indisputable /indiˈspju:təb(ə)l, inˈdispjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be disputed 无可争辩的 2  unquestionable 不容置疑的 □ indisputability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indisputably  adv.   [Late Latin indisputabilis (as IN-1, DISPUTABLE)]

indissolubilist /indiˈsɒljʊbilist/ n. & adj. ●n. (in the Church of England) a person who believes that the Church should not remarry divorcees (按照英国国教)认为基督教徒不应与离婚者结婚的人 ●adj.  of or holding this belief 具有这种信仰的

indissoluble /indiˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be dissolved or decomposed 不能溶解的；不能分解的 2  lasting, stable 永久不变的，稳定持久的  an indissoluble bond  牢不可破的盟约 □ indissolubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indissolubly  adv.   [Latin indissolubilis (as IN-1, DISSOLUBLE)]

indistinct /indiˈstiŋkt/ adj.  1  not distinct 不清楚的，模糊的 2  confused, obscure 难辨认的，朦胧的 □ indistinctly  adv.  □ indistinctness  n.   [Middle English from Latin indistinctus (as IN-1, DISTINCT)]

indistinctive /indiˈstiŋktiv/ adj.  not having distinctive features 无特色的 □ indistinctively  adv.  □ indistinctiveness  n.  

indistinguishable /indiˈstiŋɡwiʃəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  not distinguishable 难以区别的，不能辨别的 □ indistinguishableness  n.  □ indistinguishably  adv.  

indite /inˈdait/ v. tr. formal or joc. [正式] [诙]  1  put (a speech etc.) into words (发言等)写讲稿 2  write (a letter etc.) 写(信等) [Middle English from Old French enditier: see INDICT]

indium /ˈindiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery-white metallic element occurring naturally in zinc blende etc., used for electroplating and in semiconductors (symbol 符 In) 【化】(化学元素)铟 [Latin indicum ‘indigo’, with reference to its characteristic spectral lines]

indivertible /indaiˈvɜ:tib(ə)l, indi-/ adj.  that cannot be turned aside 难使转向的 □ indivertibly  adv.  

individual /indiˈvidjʊ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  single 个人的；单独的 2  particular, special; not general 独特的，特别的；不是一般的 3  having a distinct character 有特性的 4  characteristic of a particular person 个性的 5  designed for use by one person 供个人用的 ●n.  1  a single member of a class (阶级的)一员；个体 2  a single human being as distinct from a family or group (家庭、集团里的)一员 3 colloq.  a person [口]人  a most unpleasant individual  一个令人非常讨厌的人 4  a distinctive person 与众不同的人 [Middle English, = indivisible, from medieval Latin individualis (as IN-1, dividuus from dividere DIVIDE)]

individualism /indiˈvidjʊ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant 个性；独立性 2  a social theory favouring the free action of individuals 不干涉主义；自由放任主义 3  self-centred feeling or conduct; egoism 个人主义；利己主义 □ individualist  n.  □ individualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ individualistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

individuality /ˌindividjʊˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  individual character, esp. when strongly marked 个性，特性 2 (in pl. 用复数)  individual tastes etc. 个人趣味 3  separate existence 独立存在

individualize /indiˈvidjʊ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  give an individual character to 使具有个性 2  specify 一一列举 3 (esp. as 尤作 individualized adj.)  personalize or tailor to suit the individual 使个性化；使适合个别需要  individualized notepaper  私人用笔记本 individualized training course  因人施教的训练课程 □ individualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

individually /indiˈvidjʊ(ə)li/ adv.  1  personally; in an individual capacity 各自地；以个人资格 2  in a distinctive manner 以个人特有的方式 3  one by one; not collectively 各个地，分别地

individuate /indiˈvidjʊeit/ v. tr.  individualize; form into an individual 使具有个性；使个体化 □ individuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin individuare (as INDIVIDUAL)]

indivisible /indiˈvizib(ə)l/ adj.  1  not divisible 不可分的 2  not distributable among a number 除不尽的，不能被整除的 □ indivisibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indivisibly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin indivisibilis (as IN-1, DIVISIBLE)]

Indo- /ˈindəʊ/ comb. form  Indian; Indian and [构词成分]印度(人)的；印度(人)和…的 [Latin Indus from Greek Indos]

Indo-Aryan /indəʊˈɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of any of the Aryan peoples of India 印度雅利安人 2  the Indic group of languages (语言)印度语支 ●adj.  of or relating to the Indo-Aryans or Indo-Aryan (有关)印度雅利安人的；印度语支的

Indo-Chinese /ˌindəʊtʃaiˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Indo-China in SE Asia (东南亚) (有关)印度支那的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a native of Indo-China; a person of Indo-Chinese descent 印度支那人；印度支那人后裔

indocile /inˈdəʊsail/ adj.  not docile 难驯服的；倔强的 □ indocility  /-də(ʊ)ˈsiliti/ n.   [French indocile or Latin indocilis (as IN-1, DOCILE)]

indoctrinate /inˈdɒktrineit/ v. tr.  1  teach (a person or group) systematically or for a long period to accept (esp. partisan or tendentious) ideas uncritically (系统地)教导(某人或团体)；(长期地)灌输(尤指党派的、有倾向性的思想) 2  teach, instruct 教，教训 □ indoctrination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ indoctrinator  n.   [IN-2 + DOCTRINE + -ATE3]

Indo-European /ˌindəʊjʊərəˈpi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as N. India (有关)印欧语系的 2  of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of this family (有关)原始印欧语的 ●n.  1  the Indo-European family of languages 印欧语系 2  the hypothetical parent language of all languages belonging to this family 原始印欧语 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a speaker of an Indo-European language 讲印欧语系语言的人

Indo-Iranian /ˌindəʊiˈreiniən, -ˈrɑ:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the subfamily of Indo-European languages spoken chiefly in northern India and Iran (有关)印度伊朗语族的 ●n.  this subfamily 印度伊朗语族

indole /ˈindəʊl/ n. Chem.  an organic compound with a characteristic odour formed on the reduction of indigo 【化】吲哚 [INDIGO + Latin oleum ‘oil’]

indoleacetic acid /ˌindəʊləˈsi:tik, -ˈsetik/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of isomeric acetic acid derivatives of indole, esp. one found as a natural growth hormone (auxin) in plants (abbr. 缩略 : IAA) 【生化】吲哚基醋酸 [INDOLE + ACETIC]

indolent /ˈind(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  1  lazy; wishing to avoid activity or exertion 懒惰的；怠惰的 2 Med.  causing no pain 【医】不痛的  an indolent tumour  无痛感肿瘤 □ indolence  n.  □ indolently  adv.   [Late Latin indolens (as IN-1, dolēre ‘suffer pain’)]

Indology /inˈdɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of Indian history, literature, etc. 印度学(研究印度历史、文学等) □ Indologist  n.  

indomitable /inˈdɒmitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be subdued; unyielding 不屈服的；不屈不挠的 2  stubbornly persistent 不气馁的 □ indomitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ indomitableness  n.  □ indomitably  adv.   [Late Latin indomitabilis (as IN-1, Latin domitare ‘tame’)]

Indonesia   印度尼西亚

Indonesian /indəˈni:zj(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Indonesia in SE Asia 印度尼西亚人；印度尼西亚国民b  a person of Indonesian descent 印度尼西亚人后裔 2  a member of the chief pre-Malay population of the E. Indies (东印度群岛)前马来人的一员 3  a  the western branch of the Austronesian language family 西澳特罗尼西亚语族b  = BAHASA INDONESLA  ●adj.  of or relating to Indonesia or its people or language(s) (有关)印度尼西亚的；(有关)印度尼西亚人(语)的 [Indonesia from INDIES, on the pattern of Polynesia]

indoor /ˈindɔ:/ adj.  situated, carried on, or used within a building or under cover 室内的；屋内的  indoor aerial  室内天线 indoor games  室内游戏 [earlier within-door: cf. INDOORS]

indoors /inˈdɔ:z/ adv.  into or within a building 在室内；在屋里 [earlier within doors]

indorse var.  of ENDORSE  ENDORSE 的变体

indorsement var.  of ENDORSEMENT  ENDORSEMENT 的变体

indraught /ˈindrɑ:ft/ n. (US [美] indraft)  1  the drawing in of something 吸入；引入(某物) 2  an inward flow or current 内向流；向内的气(水)流

indrawn /inˈdrɔ:n, ˈin-/ adj.  1 (of breath etc.) drawn in (呼吸等)吸入的 2  aloof 冷漠的

indri /ˈindri/ n. (pl. indris)  a large lemur, Indri indri, of Madagascar (产自马达加斯加的)大狐猴 [Malagasy indry ‘behold’, mistaken for its name]

indubitable /inˈdju:bitəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be doubted 不容置疑的 □ indubitably  adv.   [French indubitable or Latin indubitabilis (as IN-1, dubitare ‘to doubt’)]

induce /inˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  prevail on; persuade 诱使；劝导 2  bring about; give rise to 造成；导致 3 Med.  bring on (labour) artificially, esp. by use of drugs 【医】用人工方法引导(分娩) (尤指通过药物) 4 Electr.  produce (a current) by induction 【电】感应；感生 5 Physics  cause (radioactivity) by bombardment 【物理学】(通过轰击)产生(放射性) 6  infer; derive as a deduction 作出推论；诱导 □ inducer  n.  □ inducible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin inducere induct- (as IN-2, ducere ‘lead’)]

inducement /inˈdju:sm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an attraction that leads one on 引诱 2  a thing that induces 引诱物

induct /inˈdʌkt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, into)  1  a  introduce formally into office 使正式就任b  introduce (a member of the clergy) formally into possession of a benefice 使(某牧师)就任(有俸禄的职位) 2  introduce, initiate 介绍，使初步入门 3 US  enlist (a person) for military service [美]征召(某人)入伍 4 archaic  lead (to a seat, into a room, etc.); install [古义]引导(就座、入屋等)；使入席 □ inductee  /indʌkˈti:/ n.   [Middle English (as INDUCE)]

inductance /inˈdʌkt(ə)ns/ n. Electr.  the property of an electric circuit that causes an electromotive force to be generated by a change in the current flowing 【电】电感

induction /inˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of inducting or inducing 就职；入会；诱导；首次经验 2 Med.  the process of bringing on (esp. labour) by artificial means 【医】诱导，引产(尤指分娩) 3 Logic 【逻辑学】  a  the inference of a general law from particular instances (cf. 参见 DEDUCTION) 归纳法b Math.  a means of proving a theorem by showing that if it is true of any particular case it is true of the next case in a series, and then showing that it is indeed true in one particular case 【数】归纳法c (foll. by 后跟 of)  the production of (facts) to prove a general statement (事实)说明(法) 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a formal introduction to a new job, position, etc. (新工作、新职位等的)入门  attended an induction course  上入门课 5 Electr. 【电】  a  the production of an electric or magnetic state by the proximity (without contact) of an electrified or magnetized body (电磁)感应现象b  the production of an electric current in a conductor by a change of magnetic field 磁感应 6  the drawing of a fuel mixture into the cylinders of an internal-combustion engine (内燃机)吸气，进气 7 US  enlistment for military service [美]征召(入伍) [Middle English from Old French induction or Latin inductio (as INDUCE)]

induction coil n.  a coil for generating intermittent high voltage from a direct current 感应线圈

induction heating n.  heating by an induced electric current 感应加热

induction loop n.  a sound system in which a loop of wire around an area in a building etc. produces an electromagnetic signal received directly by hearing aids for the partially deaf 感应环(回线)

inductive /inˈdʌktiv/ adj.  1 (of reasoning etc.) of or based on induction (推理等)归纳的；归纳法的 2  of electric or magnetic induction 电磁感应的 □ inductively  adv.  □ inductiveness  n.   [Late Latin inductivus (as INDUCE)]

inductor /inˈdʌktə/ n.  1 Electr.  a component (in a circuit) which possesses inductance 【电】(线路中的)感应器，感应体 2  a person who inducts a member of the clergy 授(牧师)职位的人 [Latin (as INDUCE)]

indue var.  of ENDUE  ENDUE 的变体

indulge /inˈdʌldʒ/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take pleasure freely 沉溺；肆意从事 2 tr.  yield freely to (a desire etc.) 放纵(欲望等) 3 tr.  gratify the wishes of; favour 使满足；使快乐  indulged them with money  在金钱方面对他们纵容无度 4 intr. colloq.  take alcoholic liquor [口]酗酒 □ indulger  n.   [Latin indulgēre indult- ‘give free rein to’]

indulgence /inˈdʌldʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the act of indulging 放纵b  the state of being indulgent 沉溺，沉迷 2  something indulged in 嗜好，爱好 3 RC Ch.  the remission of temporal punishment in purgatory, still due for sins after absolution 【天主教】赦罪(在告解圣事得到宽恕后，教会可免除其应得的“罪罚”) 4  a privilege granted 赋与的特权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin indulgentia (as INDULGENT)]

indulgent /inˈdʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  ready or too ready to overlook faults etc. 纵容的；溺爱的 2  indulging or tending to indulge 迁就的，宽容的 □ indulgently  adv.   [French indulgent or Latin indulgere indulgent- (as INDULGE)]

indumentum /indjʊˈmentəm/ n. (pl. indumenta /-tə/) Bot.  the covering of hairs on part of a plant, esp. when dense 【植】毛被物，被毛 [Latin, = garment]

induna /inˈdu:nə/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a tribal councillor or headman (部落)族长 2  a  an African foreman 非洲工头b  a person in authority 掌权的人 [Nguni inDuna ‘captain, councillor’]

indurate /ˈindjʊreit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become hard (使)坚硬；变得坚硬 2 tr.  make callous or unfeeling 使起老茧；使无感觉 3 intr.  become inveterate 变得根深蒂固 □ induration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ indurative  adj.   [Latin indurare (as IN-2, durus ‘hard’)]

Indus /ˈindəs/ n.  印度河 [亚洲]

indusium /inˈdju:ziəm/ n. (pl. indusia /-ziə/)  1  a membranous shield covering the fruit-cluster of a fern 苞膜 2  a collection of hairs enclosing the stigma of some flowers 柱头下毛圈 3  the case of a larva 幼虫包膜 □ indusial  adj.   [Latin, = tunic, from induere ‘put on’ (a garment)]

industrial /inˈdʌstriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to industry or industries 工业的，产业的；与工业有关的，与产业有关的 2  designed or suitable for use in industry 为工业设计的；用于工业的  industrial alcohol  工业酒精 3  characterized by highly developed industries 工业高度发达的  the industrial nations  工业化国家 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  shares in industrial companies 工业股票 □ industrially  adv.   [INDUSTRY + -AL: in 19th c. partly from French industriel]

industrial action n. Brit.  any action, esp. a strike or work to rule, taken by employees as a protest [英]劳工行动(尤指雇员采取的抗议行动)

industrial archaeology n.  the study of machines, factories, bridges, etc., formerly used in industry (对以前工业中使用的机器、工厂、桥梁等的研究)工业考古学

industrial estate n. Brit.  an area of land developed for the siting of industrial enterprises [英]工业用地

industrialism /inˈdʌstriəliz(ə)m/ n.  a social or economic system in which manufacturing industries are prevalent 工业主义，产业主义；工业制度

industrialist /inˈdʌstriəlist/ n.  a person engaged in the management of industry 工业家，实业家

industrialize /inˈdʌstriəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  introduce industries to (a country or region etc.) 使(某国家、地区)工业化 2 intr.  become industrialized 实现工业化 □ industrialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

industrial park n. N. Amer. [北美]  = INDUSTRIAL ESTATE 

industrial relations n. pl.  the relations between management and workers in industries 劳资关系

Industrial Revolution n.  the rapid development of a nation's industry (esp. in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th c.) (尤指英国 18 世纪末 19 世纪初的)工业革命，产业革命

industrial-strength adj. (often 常作 attrib.) often joc.  strong, powerful [常诙]浓的，烈性的  industrial-strength coffee  浓咖啡

industrious /inˈdʌstriəs/ adj.  diligent, hard-working 勤奋的，勤劳的 □ industriously  adv.  □ industriousness  n.   [French industrieux or Late Latin industriosus (as INDUSTRY)]

industry /ˈindəstri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a branch of trade or manufacture 工业产业，行业b  trade and manufacture collectively (总称)工业  incentives to industry  对于工业的刺激 2  concerted or copious activity 齐心协力的活动  the building was a hive of industry  该建筑工地是一派繁忙的景象 3  a  diligence 勤奋，勤劳b colloq.  the diligent study of a particular topic [口] (特殊领域的)辛勤研究  the Shakespeare industry  莎士比亚研究领域 4  habitual employment in useful work 经常性的工作 [Middle English, = skill, from French industrie or Latin industria ‘diligence’]

indwell /inˈdwel/ v. (past and past part. indwelt)  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  be permanently present as a spirit, principle, etc. (精神、原则等)永存b tr.  inhabit spiritually (精神上)存在 2 intr. (as 作 indwelling adj.) Med. (of a catheter, needle, etc.) fixed in the body over a long period 【医】(导管、针等长期在体内)置留 □ indweller  n.  

Indy /ˈindi/ n.  a chiefly American form of motor racing, usu. at very high speeds on oval circuits (在椭圆形跑道上举行的高速)汽车赛(主要在美国进行) often 常作 attrib.: Indy racing  英迪汽车赛 [Indianapolis in the US, where the principal Indy race is held]

Indycar /ˈindikɑ:/ n.  1  a car used in Indy racing (英迪汽车赛中使用的)汽车 2 (作 attrib.)  = INDY Indycar champion  英迪汽车锦标赛 Indycar team  英迪赛车队 

-ine1 /ain, in, i:n/ suffix  forming adjectives, meaning ‘belonging to, of the nature of’ (Alpine 具有阿尔卑斯人特征的 ; asinine (像驴一样)笨的) 构成形容词，表示“属于…的”，“具有…属性” [from or suggested by French -in -ine, or from Latin -inus]

-ine2 /ain/ suffix  forming adjectives esp. from names of minerals, plants, etc. (crystalline 结晶的) (尤指)构成相应于矿物、植物等名词的形容词 [Latin -inus from or suggested by Greek -inos]

-ine3 /in, i:n/ suffix  forming feminine nouns (heroine 女英雄 ; margravine 侯爵夫人) 构成阴性名词 [French via Latin -ina from Greek -inē, or from German -in]

-ine4 suffix  1 /in/  forming (esp. abstract) nouns (discipline 纪律 ; medicine 医学) 构成名词(尤指抽象名词) 2 /i:n, in/ Chem.  forming nouns denoting derived substances, esp. alkaloids, halogens, amines, and amino acids 【化】构成衍生物的名词，尤指生物碱、卤素、胺及氨基酸 [French from Latin -ina (fem.) = -INE1]

inebriate v., adj. & n. ●v. tr. /iˈni:brieit/  1  make drunk; intoxicate 使醉；灌醉 2  excite 使兴奋 ●adj. /iˈni:briət/  drunken 醉醺醺的 ●n. /iˈni:briət/  a drunken person, esp. a habitual drunkard 醉鬼 □ inebriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inebriety  /-ˈbraiəti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin inebriatus, past part. of inebriare (as IN-2, ebrius ‘drunk’)]

inedible /inˈedib(ə)l/ adj.  not edible, esp. not suitable for eating (cf. 参见 UNEATABLE) 不可食用的，(尤指)不适合食用的 □ inedibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

ineducable /inˈedjʊkəb(ə)l, -dʒʊ-/ adj.  incapable of being educated, esp. through mental handicap (尤指因智力障碍而)不可教育的 □ ineducability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

ineffable /inˈefəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unutterable; too great for description in words 不可言喻的；难用语言表达的 2  that must not be uttered 不能说的；避讳的 □ ineffability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ ineffably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French ineffable or Latin ineffabilis (as IN-1, effari ‘speak out, utter’)]

ineffaceable /iniˈfeisəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be effaced 不能消除的 □ ineffaceability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ ineffaceably  adv.  

ineffective /iniˈfektiv/ adj.  1  not producing any effect or the desired effect 不起作用的；无效果的 2 (of a person) inefficient; not achieving results (人)无能的；无效果的 3  lacking artistic effect 缺乏艺术效果的 □ ineffectively  adv.  □ ineffectiveness  n.  

ineffectual /iniˈfektʃʊəl/ adj.  1  a  without effect 无效果的b  not producing the desired or expected effect 无效的；徒劳无益的 2 (of a person) lacking the ability to achieve results 不起作用的  an ineffectual leader  无能的领导 □ ineffectuality  /-tʃʊˈæliti/ n.  □ ineffectually  adv.  □ ineffectualness  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin ineffectualis (as IN-1, EFFECTUAL)]

inefficacious /ˌinefiˈkeiʃəs/ adj. (of a remedy etc.) not producing the desired effect (治疗等)没产生预期效果的 □ inefficaciously  adv.  □ inefficaciousness  n.  □ inefficacy  /inˈefikəsi/ n.  

inefficient /iniˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  not efficient 无效的 2 (of a person) not fully capable; not well qualified (人)无能的；不能胜任的 □ inefficiency  n.  □ inefficiently  adv.  

inelastic /iniˈlæstik/ adj.  1  not elastic 无弹性的 2  unadaptable, inflexible, unyielding 不能适应的，生硬的，不能弯曲的 3 Physics (of a collision etc.) involving an overall loss of translational kinetic energy 【物理学】非弹性的 □ inelastically  adv.  □ inelasticity  /-ˈstisiti/ n.  

inelegant /inˈeliɡ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  ungraceful 不雅的 2  a  unrefined 粗俗的b (of a style) unpolished (风度)有失风雅的；(文体)粗俗的 □ inelegance  n.  □ inelegantly  adv.   [French inélégant from Latin inelegans (as IN-1, ELEGANT)]

ineligible /inˈelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1  not eligible 不合格的 2  undesirable 不合意的 □ ineligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ ineligibly  adv.  

ineluctable /iniˈlʌktəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  against which it is useless to struggle 不可抗争的 2  that cannot be escaped from 不可避免的 □ ineluctability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ ineluctably  adv.   [Latin ineluctabilis (as IN-1, eluctari ‘struggle out’)]

inept /iˈnept/ adj.  1  a  clumsy, unskilful 笨拙的，不熟练的b  absurd, silly 荒唐可笑的，傻的 2  out of place; inappropriate 不相称的，不合适的 □ ineptitude  n.  □ ineptly  adv.  □ ineptness  n.   [Latin ineptus (as IN-1, APT)]■Usage 用法说明 Inept and inapt are easily confused because they have virtually the same meanings and are closely related etymologically. However, inept is a far commoner word than inapt and is usually used in sense 1a ‘clumsy, unskilful’. Inapt is more often used to mean ‘unsuitable, inappropriate’. This difference is illustrated by the example His after-dinner speech was both inept and inapt, i.e. it was both clumsy and inappropriate. 词语 inept 和 inapt 很容易相混，因为两者的意思基本相同，并有密切的词源关系。然而 inept 比 inapt 更为常用，而且通常用在释义 1a “笨拙的，不熟练的”。 Inapt 常用作表明“不适宜的，不合适的”。以下例子表明了两者间的差别。 His after-dinner speech was both inept and inapt (饭后他的发言既笨嘴拙舌又不得体)，也就是说既说得笨，又不合时宜。 

inequable /inˈekwəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not fairly distributed 分配不公允的 2  not uniform 不一律的 [Latin inaequabilis ‘uneven’ (as IN-1, EQUABLE)]

inequality /iniˈkwɒliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  lack of equality in any respect. (任何方面)不平等，不公允b  an instance of this 不平等，不公允，不等量 2  the state of being variable 互异的现象 3 (of a surface) irregularity (平面)不平坦，不齐整 4 Math.  a formula affirming that two expressions are not equal 【数】不等式 [Middle English from Old French inequalité or Latin inaequalitas (as IN-1, EQUALITY)]

inequitable /inˈekwitəb(ə)l/ adj.  unfair, unjust 不公平的，不公正的 □ inequitably  adv.  

inequity /inˈekwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  unfairness, bias 不公正，偏私

ineradicable /iniˈrædikəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be eradicated 不能根除的 □ ineradicably  adv.  

inerrant /inˈer(ə)nt/ adj.  not liable to err 不会错的 □ inerrancy  n.   [Latin inerrans (as IN-1, ERR)]

inert /iˈnɜ:t/ adj.  1  without inherent power of action, motion, or resistance 无自动力的，没有活动能力的；无抗性的 2  without active chemical or other properties 惰性的，不活泼的 3  sluggish, slow 呆滞的，缓慢的 □ inertly  adv.  □ inertness  n.   [Latin iners inert- (as IN-1, ars ART1)]

inert gas n.  = NOBLE GAS 

inertia /iˈnɜ:ʃə/ n.  1 Physics  a property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force 【物理学】惯性，惯量 2  a  inertness, sloth 惰性，懒散b  a tendency to remain unchanged 不变化 □ inertial  adj.  □ inertialess  adj.   [Latin (as INERT)]

inertial guidance n.  guidance of a missile by internal instruments which measure its acceleration and compare the calculated position with stored data 惯性制导

inertia reel n.  a reel device which allows a vehicle seat belt to unwind freely but which locks under force of impact or rapid deceleration (汽车安全带自动伸缩装置的)惯性卷筒

inertia selling n. Brit.  the sending of unsolicited goods in the hope of making a sale [英]惯性销售(商品送到未订货者手中，不退货即成交)

inescapable /iniˈskeipəb(ə)l, ine-/ adj.  that cannot be escaped or avoided 逃避不了的，不可避免的 □ inescapability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inescapably  adv.  

-iness /inis/ suffix  forming nouns corresponding to adjectives ending in -y (see 见 -Y1, -LY2) 构成以 -y 结尾的形容词的相应名词

inessential /iniˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not necessary 非必要的 2  dispensable 可有可无的 ●n.  an inessential thing 非必需品

inestimable /inˈestiməb(ə)l/ adj.  too great, intense, precious, etc., to be estimated (太多、太集中、太贵重等)难以估价的 □ inestimably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin inaestimabilis (as IN-1, ESTIMABLE)]

inevitable /inˈevitəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  unavoidable 不可避免的b  that is bound to occur or appear 必然发生(出现)的 2 colloq.  that is tiresomely predictable [口]老一套的  the inevitable soap opera romance  老一套的肥皂剧罗曼史 3 (of the development of a plot, characters, etc.) so true to nature etc. as to preclude alternative treatment or solution; convincing (剧情发展、人物等)逼真到其他艺术手法无法取代的；令人信服的 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  that which is inevitable 不可避免的事物 2  an inevitable fact, event, truth, etc. 必然的事实(事件、真理等)  old age and other inevitables  老年及其他不可避免的事实 □ inevitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inevitableness  n.  □ inevitably  adv.   [Latin inevitabilis (as IN-1, evitare ‘avoid’)]

inexact /iniɡˈzækt, ineɡ-/ adj.  not exact 不准确的 □ inexactitude  n.  □ inexactly  adv.  □ inexactness  n.  

inexcusable /inikˈskju:zəb(ə)l, inek-/ adj. (of a person, action, etc.) that cannot be excused or justified 不可原谅的；无法辩解的 □ inexcusably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin inexcusabilis (as IN-1, EXCUSE)]

inexhaustible /iniɡˈzɔ:stib(ə)l, ineɡ-/ adj.  that cannot be exhausted or used up 无穷尽的；用不完的 □ inexhaustibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inexhaustibly  adv.  

inexorable /inˈeks(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  relentless 无情的 2 (of a person or attribute) that cannot be persuaded by request or entreaty (人、属性)不为恳求所动的；无动于衷的 □ inexorability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inexorably  adv.   [French inexorable or Latin inexorabilis (as IN-1, exorare ‘entreat’)]

inexpedient /inikˈspi:diənt, inek-/ adj.  not expedient 不适当的，不明智的 □ inexpediency  n.  

inexpensive /inikˈspensiv, inek-/ adj.  not expensive, cheap 不贵的，便宜的 □ inexpensively  adv.  □ inexpensiveness  n.  

inexperience /inikˈspiəriəns, inek-/ n.  lack of experience, or of the resulting knowledge or skill 缺乏经验，不熟练 □ inexperienced  adj.   [French inexpérience from Late Latin inexperientia (as IN-1, EXPERIENCE)]

inexpert /inˈekspɜ:t/ adj.  unskilful; lacking expertise 不熟练的；非内行的 □ inexpertly  adv.  □ inexpertness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin inexpertus (as IN-1, EXPERT)]

inexpiable /inˈekspiəb(ə)l/ adj. (of an act or feeling) that cannot be expiated or appeased (行动、感情)不能和解的；不能平息的 □ inexpiably  adv.   [Latin inexpiabilis (as IN-1, EXPIATE)]

inexplicable /inikˈsplikəb(ə)l, inek-, inˈekspli-/ adj.  that cannot be explained or accounted for 无法解释的；无法作出说明的 □ inexplicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inexplicably  adv.   [French inexplicable or Latin inexplicabilis ‘that cannot be unfolded’ (as IN-1, EXPLICABLE)]

inexplicit /inikˈsplisit, inek-/ adj.  not definitely or clearly expressed 无明确表示的；表达不清楚的 □ inexplicitness  n.  

inexpressible /inikˈspresib(ə)l, inek-/ adj.  that cannot be expressed 表达不出的 □ inexpressibly  adv.  

inexpressive /inikˈspresiv, inek-/ adj.  not expressive 缺乏表现力的，无表情的 □ inexpressively  adv.  □ inexpressiveness  n.  

inexpungible /inikˈspʌn(d)ʒib(ə)l, inek-/ adj.  that cannot be expunged or obliterated 不能消除的；不能删掉的

in extenso /ˌin ekˈstensəʊ/ adv.  in full; at length 详尽地；全文 [Latin]

inextinguishable /inikˈstiŋɡwiʃəb(ə)l, inek-/ adj.  1  not quenchable 不可扑灭的 2  indestructible 不能毁坏的 3 (of laughter etc.) irrepressible (笑等)遏制不住的

in extremis /ˌin ekˈstri:mis/ adj.  1  at the point of death 弥留之际 2  in great difficulties 在艰难之时 [Latin]

inextricable /inˈekstrikəb(ə)l, inikˈstrik-, inek-/ adj.  1 (of a circumstance) that cannot be escaped from (情况)无法逃离的 2 (of a knot, problem, etc.) that cannot be unravelled or solved (疙瘩、问题等)解不开的；无法解决的 3  intricately confused 极为复杂的 □ inextricability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inextricably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin inextricabilis (as IN-1, EXTRICATE)]

INF abbr.  intermediate-range nuclear force(s) [缩略]中程核力量

infallible /inˈfælib(ə)l/ adj.  1  incapable of error 不可能错误的，一贯正确的 2 (of a method, test, proof, etc.) unfailing; sure to succeed (方法、测试、证明等)极可靠的，肯定成功的 3 RC Ch. (of the Pope) unable to err in pronouncing dogma as doctrinally defined 【天主教】(教皇)阐述教义绝无谬误的 □ infallibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ infallibly  adv.   [Middle English from French infaillible or Late Latin infallibilis (as IN-1, FALLIBLE)]

infamous /ˈinfəməs/ adj.  1  notoriously bad; having a bad reputation 臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的 2  abominable 令人憎恶的 3 (in ancient law) deprived of all or some citizens' rights on account of serious crime (古代法律) (因犯罪)剥夺全部(部分)公民权的 □ infamously  adv.  □ infamy  /ˈinfəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via medieval Latin infamosus from Latin infamis (as IN-1, FAME)]

infancy /ˈinf(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  early childhood; babyhood 幼年；婴儿期 2  an early state in the development of an idea, undertaking, etc. (思想、事业等)初期，幼稚阶段 3 Law  the state of being a minor 【法律】未成年 [Latin infantia (as INFANT)]

infant /ˈinf(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a child during the earliest period of its life 婴儿b Brit.  a schoolchild below the age of seven years [英] 7 岁以下的学童 2 (esp. 尤作 attrib.)  a thing in an early stage of its development 发展初级阶段的事物 3 Law  a minor; a person under 18 【法律】未成年人； 18 岁以下的孩子 [Middle English via Old French enfant from Latin infans ‘unable to speak’ (as IN-1, fans fantis, pres. part. of fari ‘speak’)]

infanta /inˈfæntə/ n. hist.  a daughter of the ruling monarch of Spain or Portugal (usu. the eldest daughter who is not heir to the throne) [史义] (西班牙、葡萄牙非王位继承身份的长女)公主 [Spanish & Portuguese, fem. of INFANTE]

infante /inˈfænti/ n. hist.  the second son of the ruling monarch of Spain or Portugal [史义] (西班牙、葡萄牙帝王的次子)王子 [Spanish & Portuguese from Latin (as INFANT)]

infanticide /inˈfæntisaid/ n.  1  the killing of an infant soon after birth 杀害新生婴儿 2  the practice of killing newborn infants 杀婴；溺婴 3  a person who kills an infant 杀婴者 □ infanticidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [French from Late Latin infanticidium, -cida (as INFANT)]

infantile /ˈinf(ə)ntail/ adj.  1  a  like or characteristic of a child (似)婴儿的b  childish, immature 孩子气的，幼稚的  infantile humour  幼稚的幽默 2  in its infancy 婴儿期，幼稚期 □ infantility  /-ˈtiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [French infantile or Latin infantilis (as INFANT)]

infantile paralysis n.  poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹症；脊髄灰质炎

infantilism /inˈfæntiliz(ə)m/ n.  1  childish behaviour 幼稚行为 2 Psychol.  the persistence of infantile characteristics or behaviour in adult life 【心】(大人、成年人的)幼稚病

infant mortality n.  death before the age of one 婴儿死亡率

infantry /ˈinf(ə)ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a body of soldiers who march and fight on foot; foot soldiers collectively 步兵(部队)；步兵(总称) [French infanterie from Italian infanteria, from infante ‘youth, infantryman’ (as INFANT)]

infantryman /ˈinf(ə)ntrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a soldier of an infantry regiment 步兵，步兵团的士兵

infarct /ˈinfɑ:kt, inˈfɑ:kt/ n. Med.  a small localized area of dead tissue caused by an inadequate blood supply 【医】(供血不足造成的)梗塞区 □ infarction  /inˈfɑ:kʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin infarctus (as IN-2, Latin farcire farct- ‘stuff’)]

infatuate /inˈfætjʊət, -tʃʊ-/ v. tr.  1  inspire with intense usu. transitory fondness or admiration 使着迷；使热恋 2  affect with extreme folly 使冲昏头脑 □ infatuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin infatuare (as IN-2, fatuus ‘foolish’)]

infatuated /inˈfætjʊeitid, -tʃʊ-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  affected by an intense fondness or admiration 着迷的；热恋的

infauna /ˈinfɔ:nə/ n.  the animal life found within the sediments of the ocean floor, river beds, etc. (海底、河床等)底层水生动物 □ infaunal  adj.   [Danish ifauna (as IN-2, FAUNA)]

infeasible /inˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj.  not feasible; impractical 不可行的，办不到的 □ infeasibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

infect /inˈfekt/ v. tr.  1  contaminate (air, water, etc.) with harmful organisms or noxious matter 污染(空气、水等) 2  a  affect (a person) with disease etc. (疾病等)传染(某人)b  affect (a computer system) with a virus (用病毒)侵害(计算机系统) 3  instil bad feeling or opinion into (a person) 向(某人)施加不良影响 □ infector  n.   [Middle English from Latin inficere infect- ‘taint’ (as IN-2, facere ‘make’)]

infection /inˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of infecting or state of being infected 传染；感染b  an instance of this; an infectious disease 传染事例；传染病c  the presence of a virus in, or its entry into, a computer system (计算机系统中的)病毒 2  communication of disease, esp. by the agency of air or water etc. (尤指通过空气、水等媒介)疾病的传播 3  a  moral contamination (道德)玷污b  the diffusive influence of example, sympathy, etc. (榜样、感情等)影响 [Middle English from Old French infection or Late Latin infectio (as INFECT)]

infectious /inˈfekʃəs/ adj.  1  infecting with disease 传染的，传染性的 2 (of a disease) liable to be transmitted by air, water, etc. (疾病)易于(通过空气、水等)传播的 3 (of emotions etc.) apt to spread; quickly affecting others (感情等)易传播的；有感染力的 □ infectiously  adv.  □ infectiousness  n.  

infective /inˈfektiv/ adj.  1  capable of infecting with disease 能传染的 2  infectious 影响别人的；有感染力的 □ infectiveness  n.   [Latin infectivus (as INFECT)]

infelicitous /infiˈlisitəs/ adj.  not felicitous; unfortunate 不恰当的；不幸的 □ infelicitously  adv.  

infelicity /infiˈlisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  inaptness of expression etc. (表达等)不恰当b  an instance of this 不恰当的言行(事例) 2  a  unhappiness 不快乐b  a misfortune 不幸 [Middle English from Latin infelicitas (as IN-1, FELICITY)]

infer /inˈfɜ:/ v. tr. (inferred, inferring) (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1  deduce or conclude from facts and reasoning 推断，推定 2 disp.  imply, suggest [异议]暗示，指出 □ inferable  adj. (also 亦作 inferrable)   [Latin inferre (as IN-2, ferre ‘bring’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of infer in sense 2 is considered incorrect by many people since it is the reverse of the primary sense of the verb. It should be avoided by using imply or suggest. 许多人认为释义 2 中 infer 的用法是不正确的，因为它和动词原意正好相反。应避免使用释义中的 imply 及 suggest 。 

inference /ˈinf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of inferring 推断，推论 2 Logic 【逻辑学】  a  the forming of a conclusion from premisses 推断的结果b  a thing inferred 推断的事物 □ inferential  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ inferentially  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [medieval Latin inferentia (as INFER)]

inferior /inˈfiəriə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  lower; in a lower position 下等的，低等的b  of lower rank, quality, etc. (地位、品质等)下级的，低劣的 2  poor in quality (质量)差的 3 (of a planet) having an orbit closer to the sun than the earth's (行星)在地球轨道内侧的 4 Bot.  situated below an ovary or calyx 【植】下位的，下生的 5 (of figures or letters) written or printed below the line (数字、字母)下标的，下位的 ●n.  1  a person inferior to another, esp. in rank (尤指级别)低于他人者 2  an inferior letter or figure 下标字母；下标数字 □ inferiorly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin, comparative of inferus ‘that is below’]

inferiority /inˌfiəriˈɒriti/ n.  the state of being inferior 下等，下级，下位

inferiority complex n.  an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy caused by actual or supposed inferiority in one sphere, sometimes marked by aggressive behaviour in compensation 自卑情结

infernal /inˈfɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of hell or the underworld 地狱的，阴间的b  hellish, fiendish 凶恶的，魔鬼似的 2 colloq.  detestable, tiresome [口]可恨的，讨厌的 □ infernally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin infernalis from Latin infernus ‘situated below’]

inferno /inˈfɜ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a raging fire 烈火 2  a scene of horror or distress 恐怖景象；悲惨场面 3  hell, esp. with reference to Dante's Divine Comedy (尤指但丁《神曲》中的)地狱 [Italian from Late Latin infernus (as INFERNAL)]

infertile /inˈfɜ:tail/ adj.  not fertile 贫瘠的，无生育能力的，无果实的 □ infertility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [French infertile or Late Latin infertilis (as IN-1, FERTILE)]

infest /inˈfest/ v. tr. (of harmful persons or things, esp. vermin or disease) overrun (a place) in large numbers (有害的人或物，尤指害虫、疾病)大批滋生于(某地) □ infestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from French infester or Latin infestare ‘assail’, from infestus ‘hostile’]

infibulate /inˈfibjʊleit/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 infibulated adj.)  subject to infibulation 施以阴部扣锁术 [Latin infibulat-, past part. stem of infibulare (as IN-2 + FIBULA)]

infibulation /inˌfibjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the practice in some cultures of partially stitching together the labia, often after excision of the clitoris, to prevent sexual intercourse (为防止性交在切除阴蒂后，部分缝合阴唇)阴部扣锁术

infidel /ˈinfid(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who does not believe in religion or in a particular religion; an unbeliever 不信宗教的人 2 hist.  an adherent of a religion other than Christianity, esp. a Muslim [史义]异教徒，不信奉基督教者 ●adj.  1  that is an infidel 异教徒的 2  of unbelievers 不信宗教的 [Middle English from French infidèle or Latin infidelis (as IN-1, fidelis ‘faithful’)]

infidelity /infiˈdeliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  disloyalty, or esp. unfaithfulness to a sexual partner (尤指性伴侣间的)不忠实b  an instance of this 不贞行为 2  disbelief in Christianity or another religion 不信奉基督教或其他宗教 [Middle English from French infidélité or Latin infidelitas (as INFIDEL)]

infield /ˈinfi:ld/ n.  1 Cricket 【板球】  a  the part of the ground near the wicket 内场b  the fielders stationed there 全体内场球员 2 Baseball 【棒球】  a  the area within the four bases 内场，内野b  the defensive positions near the bases 内场防守位置c  the fielders at these positions 全体内场手 3  farmland around or near a homestead 农舍附近或周围的耕地 4  a  arable land 可耕地b  land regularly manured and cropped 年年有规律地施肥、播种的土地 □ infielder  n. (in senses 1b, 2c 用于释义 1b, 2c)  

infighting /ˈinfaitiŋ/ n.  1  hidden conflict or competitiveness within an organization (单位内的)暗斗 2  boxing at closer quarters than arm's length (拳击)近击 □ infighter  n.  

infill n. & v. ●n. /ˈinfil/  1  material used to fill a hole, gap, etc. 填充物 2  the placing of buildings to occupy the space between existing ones “见缝插针”式(建筑) ●v. tr. /inˈfil/  fill in (a cavity etc.) 填实(空洞等)

infilling /ˈinfiliŋ/ n.  = INFILLn. 

infiltrate /ˈinfiltreit/ v.  1  a tr. & intr.  penetrate, gain entrance or access (to) surreptitiously and by degrees (as spies etc.) 偷偷进入；(作为间谍)渗入b tr.  cause to do this 使渗透；使渗入 2 tr. & intr.  permeate by filtration 透过 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, through)  introduce (fluid) by filtration 使(液体)过滤渗透 □ infiltration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ infiltrator  n.   [IN-2 + FILTRATE]

infinite /ˈinfinit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  boundless, endless 无限的，无穷的 2  very great 极大的 3 (usu. with pl. 通常与复数连用)  innumerable; very many 无数的，极多的  infinite resources  无尽资源 4 Math. 【数】  a  greater than any assignable quantity or countable number 无穷大的b (of a series) that may be continued indefinitely (级数)无穷的 5 Gram. (of a verb part) not limited by person or number, e.g. infinitive, gerund, and participle 【语法】(动词)非限定的，不定的(如不定式，动名词分词) ●n.  1 (作 the Infinite)  God 上帝 2 (作 the infinite)  infinite space 无限空间 □ infinitely  adv.  □ infiniteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin infinitus (as IN-1, FINITE)]

infinitesimal /ˌinfiniˈtesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  infinitely or very small 极微小的；微不足道的 ●n.  an infinitesimal amount 无穷小，无限小 □ infinitesimally  adv.   [modern Latin infinitesimus from INFINITE: cf. CENTESIMAL]

infinitesimal calculus n.  the differential and integral calculuses regarded as one subject 微积分(学)

infinitive /inˈfinitiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a form of a verb expressing the verbal notion without reference to a particular subject, tense, etc. e.g. see in we came to see, let him see 动词原形，不定式(如 we came to see 及 let him see 中的 see) ●adj.  having this form 原形的，不定式的 □ infinitival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ infinitivally  /-ˈtaiv(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin infinitivus (as IN-1, finitivus ‘definite’ from finire finit- ‘define’)]

infinitude /inˈfinitju:d/ n.  1  the state of being infinite; boundlessness 无限，无穷 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a boundless number or extent 无限量；无限范围 [Latin infinitus: see INFINITE, -TUDE]

infinity /inˈfiniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being infinite 无限，无穷 2  an infinite number or extent 无限量；无限范围 3  infinite distance 无限远的距离 4 Math.  infinite quantity (symbol 符∞) 【数】无穷大 [Middle English from Old French infinité or Latin infinitas (as INFINITE)]

infirm /inˈfɜ:m/ adj.  1  physically weak, esp. through age (尤指年迈)体弱的 2 (of a person, mind, judgement, etc.) weak, irresolute (人、意志、判断等)虚弱的，不坚定的 □ infirmity  n. (pl. -ies)  □ infirmly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin infirmus (as IN-1, FIRM1)]

infirmary /inˈfɜ:m(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hospital 医院 2  a place for those who are ill in a monastery, school, etc. (修道院、学校的)施药所；医务室 [medieval Latin infirmaria (as INFIRM)]

infix v. & n. ●v. tr. /inˈfiks/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  a  fix (a thing in another) 把(一物)嵌入(另一物)b  impress (a fact etc. in the mind (事实等)铭记在(脑中)) 2 Gram.  insert (a formative element) into the body of a word 【语法】插入，中缀 ●n. /ˈinfiks/ Gram.  a formative element inserted in a word 【语法】中缀，中加成分 □ infixation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin infigere infix- (as IN-2, FIX): the noun on the pattern of prefix, suffix]

in flagrante delicto /in fləˌɡrænti diˈliktəʊ/ adv.  in the very act of committing an offence 在犯罪现场，就在作案时 [Latin, = in blazing crime]

inflame /inˈfleim/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, by)  provoke or become provoked to strong feeling, esp. anger 激起(强烈感情)；(尤指)加剧(愤怒) 2 Med. 【医】  a intr.  become hot, reddened, and sore 使发炎，使红肿b tr.  cause inflammation or fever in (a body etc.); make hot 使(身体等)发炎，发烧，使变热 3 tr.  aggravate 使加剧 4 intr. & tr.  catch or set on fire 着火；点火 5 tr.  light up with or as if with flames 用火焰等照亮 □ inflamer  n.   [Middle English via Old French enflammer from Latin inflammare (as IN-2, flamma ‘flame’)]

inflammable /inˈflæməb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  easily set on fire; flammable 可燃的，易燃的 2  easily excited 易激动的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an inflammable substance 易燃物 □ inflammability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inflammableness  n.  □ inflammably  adv.   [INFLAME, suggested by French inflammable]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at FLAMMABLE. 见 FLAMMABLE 的用法说明。 

inflammation /infləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of inflaming 点火；燃烧 2 Med.  a localized physical condition with heat, swelling, redness, and usu. pain, esp. as a reaction to injury or infection 【医】(尤指伤口、感染后的反应) (局部)炎症 [Latin inflammatio (as INFLAME)]

inflammatory /inˈflæmət(ə)ri/ adj.  1 (esp. of speeches, leaflets, etc.) tending to cause anger etc. (尤指发言、读物等)使人愤怒的 2  of or tending to inflammation of the body 炎症的，发炎的

inflatable /inˈfleitəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that can be inflated 可膨胀的，可充气的 ●n.  an inflatable plastic or rubber object 可充气的塑料(橡胶)物品

inflate /inˈfleit/ v. tr.  1  distend (a balloon etc.) with air 使(气球等)充气 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  puff up (a person with pride etc.) 使(人)骄傲 3  a (often absol. [常含宾])  bring about inflation of (a currency) 使(通货等)膨胀b  raise (prices) artificially 人为抬高(物价) 4  exaggerate or embellish 夸大；美化 5 (as 作 inflated adj.) (esp. of language, sentiments, etc.) bombastic (尤指语言、感情等)言过其实(的) □ inflatedly  adv.  □ inflatedness  n.  □ inflater  n.  □ inflator  n.   [Latin inflare inflat- (as IN-2, flare ‘blow’)]

inflation /inˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or condition of inflating or being inflated 充气；膨胀b  an instance of this 充气(膨胀)的事例 2 Econ. 【经】  a  a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money 物价飞涨b  an increase in available currency regarded as causing this 通货膨胀 □ inflationary  adj.  □ inflationism  n.  □ inflationist  n. & adj.   [Middle English from Latin inflatio (as INFLATE)]

inflect /inˈflekt/ v.  1 tr.  change the pitch of (the voice, a musical note, etc.) 变(音)；转(调) 2 Gram. 【语法】  a tr.  change the form of (a word) to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc. 使(词)发生屈折变化b intr. (of a word, language, etc.) undergo such change 使(词、语言等)屈折 3 tr.  bend inwards; curve 使内折；使弯曲 □ inflective  adj.   [Middle English from Latin inflectere inflex- (as IN-2, flectere ‘bend’)]

inflection /inˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 inflexion)  1  a  the act or condition of inflecting or being inflected 变音；转调b  an instance of this 语音的抑扬变化 2 Gram. 【语法】  a  the process or practice of inflecting words 词的屈折变化b  an inflected form of a word 词的屈折变化形式c  a suffix etc. used to inflect, e.g. -ed 屈折成分(如后缀 -ed) 3  a modulation of the voice (说话声音的)抑扬变化 4 Geom.  a change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve 【几】拐折，曲折点 □ inflectional  adj.  □ inflectionally  adv.  □ inflectionless  adj.   [French inflection or Latin inflexio (as INFLECT)]

inflexible /inˈfleksib(ə)l/ adj.  1  unbendable 不可弯曲的 2  stiff; immovable; obstinate 僵硬的；坚定不移的；不屈服的  old and inflexible in his attitudes  他的态度既陈旧又固执 3  unchangeable; inexorable 不可改变的；不可动摇的 □ inflexibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inflexibly  adv.   [Latin inflexibilis (as IN-1, FLEXIBLE)]

inflict /inˈflikt/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  1  administer, deal (a stroke, wound, defeat, etc.) 予以，对付(打击、伤痛、失败等) 2 (also 亦作 refl.) often joc.  impose (suffering, a penalty, oneself, one's company, etc.) on [常诙]处(罚)；加(刑)；使受累；使打搅  shall not inflict myself on you any longer  (我)将不再打扰你了 □ inflictable  adj.  □ inflicter  n.  □ inflictor  n.   [Latin infligere inflict- (as IN-2, fligere ‘strike’)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse inflict with afflict. One inflicts something on or upon someone, or one is afflicted with or by something They were afflicted by a virus is correct, as is A virus was inflicted upon them. 要十分小心不要将 inflict 与 afflict 相混。某人将某事强加于 (inflicts) 某人，或某人被某事所折磨 (afflicted), 如 They were afflicted by a virus (他们受病毒的折磨)是正确的，正如 A virus was inflicted upon them (病毒使他们受苦)一样正确。 

infliction /inˈflikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of inflicting 施加，伤害 2  something inflicted, esp. a troublesome or boring experience 被施加的事物(尤指讨厌、烦人的经历) [Late Latin inflictio (as INFLICT)]

in-flight /ˈinflait/ attrib. adj.  occurring or provided during an aircraft flight 飞行中的；飞行中提供的

inflorescence /inflɔ:ˈres(ə)ns, -flə-/ n.  1 Bot. 【植】  a  the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers 开花部位b  the arrangement of this 花序 2  the process of flowering 开花(期) [modern Latin inflorescentia from Late Latin inflorescere (as IN-2, FLORESCENCE)]

inflow /ˈinfləʊ/ n.  1  a flowing in 流入 2  something that flows in 流入物 □ inflowing  n. & adj.  

influence /ˈinflʊəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  the effect a person or thing has on another 影响，作用b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over, with)  moral ascendancy or power 支配力，感化力c  a thing or person exercising such power 有影响的人(事)  is a good influence on them  对他们有良好影响 2 Astrol.  an ethereal fluid supposedly flowing from the stars and affecting character and destiny 【占】星力 3 Electr. archaic 【电】[古义]  = INDUCTION 5  ●v. tr.  exert influence on; have an effect on 施加影响，作用于 □ under the influence  colloq.  affected by alcoholic drink [口]喝醉酒□ influenceable  adj.  □ influencer  n.   [Middle English via Old French influence or medieval Latin influentia ‘inflow’ from Latin influere ‘flow in’ (as IN-2, fluere ‘flow’)]

influent /ˈinflʊənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  flowing in 流入的 ●n.  a tributary stream 支流 [Middle English from Latin (as INFLUENCE)]

influential /inflʊˈenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  having a great influence or power 有影响的  influential in the financial world  在金融界有影响 □ influentially  adv.   [medieval Latin influentia INFLUENCE]

influenza /inflʊˈenzə/ n.  a highly contagious virus infection causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, often occurring in epidemics 流行性感冒 □ influenzal  adj.   [Italian from medieval Latin influentia INFLUENCE]

influx /ˈinflʌks/ n.  1  a continual stream of people or things (人、物)注入，流入  an influx of complaints  牢骚不断 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  a flowing in, esp. of a stream etc. 河流汇合处 [French influx or Late Latin influxus (as IN-2, FLUX)]

info /ˈinfəʊ/ n. colloq.  information [口]消息，情报 [abbreviation]

infomercial /infəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 informercial) esp. US  an advertising film, esp. on television, which promotes a product in an informative and purportedly objective style [尤美]商业信息片；电视广告片 [INFORMATION + COMMERCIAL]

inform /inˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, about, on, or that, how + clause)  tell 告知，通知  informed them of their rights  把他们的权利告诉了他们 informed us that the train was late  通知我们火车晚点了 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, on)  give incriminating information about a person to the authorities 告发；检举 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) literary  inspire or imbue (a person, heart, or thing) with a feeling, principle, quality, etc. [文学用语]使活跃，使充满 4 tr.  impart its quality to; permeate 赋予，渗透 □ informant  n.   [Middle English via Old French enfo(u)rmer from Latin informare ‘give shape to, fashion, describe’ (as IN-2, forma ‘form’)]

informal /inˈfɔ:m(ə)l/ adj.  1  without ceremony or formality 不拘礼节的；非正式的  just an informal chat  只是非正式交谈 2 (of language, clothing, etc.) everyday; normal (语言、衣服等)日常使用的；通常的 □ informality  /-ˈmæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ informally  adv.  

informal vote n. NZ & Austral.  an invalid vote or voting paper [新澳]无效的选举；无效的选票

informatics /infəˈmætiks/ n.  the science of processing data for storage and retrieval; information science 信息学，情报学 [translation of Russian informatika (as INFORMATION, -ICS)]

information /infəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  something told; knowledge 情报，信息b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, about)  items of knowledge; news 知识；新闻  the latest information on the crisis  有关危机的最新消息 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against) Law  a charge or complaint lodged with a court or magistrate 【法律】起诉，告发 3  a  the act of informing or telling 通知，告知(的行为)b  an instance of this 通知，告知 4 (in information theory) a mathematical quantity expressing the probability of occurrence of a particular sequence of symbols etc. (信息论)信息量，数据 □ informational  adj.  □ informationally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin informatio -onis (as INFORM)]

information retrieval n.  the tracing and recovery of information stored in books, computers, etc. 信息(情报)检索

information science n.  the study of processes for storing and retrieving (esp. scientific or technical) information (尤指科学、技术方面的)情报学，信息学

information superhighway  see 见 SUPERHIGHWAY 

information technology n.  the study or use of systems (esp. computers, telecommunications, etc.) for storing, retrieving, and sending information (尤指计算机、通讯等方面的)信息技术

information theory n.  the mathematical study of the coding and transmission of information in the form of sequences of symbols, impulses, etc. 信息论

informative /inˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj. (also 亦作 informatory /inˈfɔ:mət(ə)ri/)  giving information; instructive 提供信息的；传授知识的 □ informatively  adv.  □ informativeness  n.   [medieval Latin informativus (as INFORM)]

informed /inˈfɔ:md/ adj.  1  with knowledge of the facts 有事实根据的  take an informed decision  作出有根据的决断 2  educated; knowledgeable 有教养的；知识渊博的  informed readers  消息灵通的读者 □ informedly  /also 亦作 inˈfɔ:midli/ adv.  □ informedness  /also 亦作 inˈfɔ:midnis/ n.  

informer /inˈfɔ:mə/ n.  1  a person who informs against another 告密者 2  a person who informs or advises 通知者；通报者

informercial var.  of INFOMERCIAL  INFOMERCIAL 的变体

infotainment /infəˈteinm(ə)nt/ n.  broadcast material intended both to entertain and to inform 信息娱乐广播资料 [INFORMATION + ENTERTAINMENT]

infra /ˈinfrə/ adv.  below, further on (in a book or writing) 在下；(书或文章)下文 [Latin, = below]

infra- /ˈinfrə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  below (opp. 反义 SUPRA-) 在下，在下部 2 Anat.  below or under a part of the body 【解】在下 [from or suggested by Latin infra ‘below, beneath’]

infraclass /ˈinfrəklɑ:s/ n.  a taxonomic category below a subclass 次亚纲，附纲，下纲

infraction /inˈfrækʃ(ə)n/ n. esp. Law  a violation or infringement (尤)【法律】违犯；违背 □ infract  v. tr.  □ infractor  n.   [Latin infractio (as INFRINGE)]

infradian /inˈfreidiən/ adj. Physiol. (of a rhythm or cycle) having a period of recurrence longer than a day (cf. 参见 ULTRADIAN) 【生理】(节律、周期)超昼夜的 [from INFRA-, as having a lower frequency than circadian]

infra dig /infrə ˈdiɡ/ predic. adj. colloq.  beneath one's dignity; unbecoming [口]有失尊严的；有失身份的 [abbreviation of Latin infra dignitatem]

infrangible /inˈfræn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1  unbreakable 不会破的；坚固的 2  inviolable 不可违背的 □ infrangibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ infrangibly  adv.   [obsolete French infrangible or medieval Latin infrangibilis (as IN-1, FRANGIBLE)]

infra-red /infrəˈred/ adj. (US & Sci. [美]【科】 infrared)  of or using electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves 红外线的；使用红外辐射的

infrasonic /infrəˈsɒnik/ adj.  of or relating to sound waves with a frequency below the lower limit of human audibility 次声的；与次声有关的 □ infrasonically  adv.  

infrasound /ˈinfrəsaʊnd/ n.  sound waves with frequencies below the lower limit of human audibility 次声(音频低于听觉范围的声波)

infrastructure /ˈinfrəstrʌktʃə/ n.  1  a  the basic structural foundations of a society or enterprise; a substructure or foundation (社会、企业的)基础设施；基础b  roads, bridges, sewers, etc., regarded as a country's economic foundation 基础结构(如公路、桥梁、污水管道等) 2  permanent installations as a basis for military etc. operations 永久性军事等设施 □ infrastructural  adj.   [French (as INFRA-, STRUCTURE)]

infrequent /inˈfri:kw(ə)nt/ adj.  not frequent 不经常的 □ infrequency  n.  □ infrequently  adv.   [Latin infrequens (as IN-1, FREQUENT)]

infringe /inˈfrin(d)ʒ/ v.  1 tr.  a  act contrary to; violate (a law, an oath, etc.) 违反；违背(法律、誓言等)b  act in defiance of (another's rights etc.) 侵犯(他人权利等) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  encroach; trespass 侵害；侵入 □ infringement  n.  □ infringer  n.   [Latin infringere infract- (as IN-2, frangere ‘break’)]

infula /ˈinfjʊlə/ n. (pl. infulae /-li:/) Eccl.  either of the two ribbons on a bishop's mitre 【教会】圣冠垂带 [Latin, = woollen fillet worn by priest etc.]

infundibular /infʌnˈdibjʊlə/ adj.  funnel-shaped 漏斗状的 [Latin infundibulum ‘funnel’ from infundere ‘pour in’ (as IN-2, fundere ‘pour’)]

infuriate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /inˈfjʊərieit/  fill with fury; enrage 使发怒；激怒 ●adj. /inˈfjʊəriət/ literary  excited to fury; frantic [文学用语]激动得发狂的；狂暴的 □ infuriating  adj.  □ infuriatingly  /inˈfjʊərieitiŋli/ adv.   [medieval Latin infuriare infuriat- (as IN-2, Latin furia FURY)]

infuse /inˈfju:z/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  imbue; pervade 使浸透；弥漫  anger infused with resentment  气愤中充满着怨恨 2 tr.  steep (herbs, tea, etc.) in liquid to extract the content 泡制(草药)；泡茶 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  instil (grace, spirit, life, etc.) 灌输(魅力、精神、活力等) 4 intr.  undergo infusion 被浸，被泡  let it infuse for five minutes  让其浸泡 5 分钟 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  pour (a thing) 倾注(某物) □ infusable  adj.  □ infuser  n.   [Middle English from Latin infundere infus- (as IN-2, fundere ‘pour’)]

infusible /inˈfju:zib(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be fused or melted 不能熔化的；难以熔化的 □ infusibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

infusion /inˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a liquid obtained by infusing 浸液，浸剂 2  an infused element; an admixture 注入物；混合物 3 Med.  a slow injection of a substance into a vein or tissue 【医】输注 4  a  the act of infusing 浸泡b  an instance of this 浸渍，泡制 [Middle English from French infusion or Latin infusio (as INFUSE)]

infusoria /infjʊˈzɔ:riə, -ˈsɔ:riə/ n. pl. Zool. hist.  unicellular organisms of the former group Infusoria (mainly ciliate protozoans) 【动】[史义]纤毛虫纲 [modern Latin Infusoria (as INFUSE), because originally found in infusions of decaying organic matter]

infusorial earth /infjʊˈzɔ:riəl, -ˈsɔ:riəl/ n. archaic [古义]  = KIESELGUHR 

-ing1 /iŋ/ suffix forming gerunds and nouns from verbs (or occasionally from nouns), denoting 由动词(偶然由名词)构成动名词或名词，表示 :  1  a  the verbal action or its result (asking 询问 ; carving 雕刻 ; fighting 斗争 ; learning 学习) 动作或动作的结果b  the verbal action as described or classified in some way (tough going 艰难的进程) 按某种方式对动词行为进行描述或分类 2  material used for or associated with a process etc. (piping 管材 ; washing 洗涤剂) 用于制作某物的材料 3  an occupation or event (banking 银行业 ; wedding 结婚庆典) 职业，事件 4  a set or arrangement of (colouring 着色 ; feathering 絮羽) 一组，一套；一种安排 [Old English -ung, -ing, from Germanic]

-ing2 /iŋ/ suffix  1  forming the present participle of verbs  asking  询问 fighting  斗争, often as adjectives  charming  媚人的 strapping  强壮的 构成动词的现在分词；常作形容词 2  forming adjectives from nouns (hulking 庞大的) 由名词构成形容词 [Middle English, alteration of Old English -ende, later -inde]

-ing3 /iŋ/ suffix  forming nouns meaning ‘one belonging to’ or ‘one having the quality of’, surviving esp. in names of coins and fractional parts (farthing 1/4 旧便士(的硬币); gelding 骟马 ; riding 乘骑) 构成名词，表示“属于这一类的一个”，“具有此性质的一个”，尤见于硬币名称 [Old English from Germanic]

ingather /inˈɡæðə/ v. tr.  gather in (esp. harvest); assemble 收割(尤指庄稼)；收集 □ ingathering  n.  

ingeminate /inˈdʒemineit/ v. tr. literary  repeat; reiterate [文学用语]反复讲；重申 □ ingeminate peace   constantly urge peace 反复呼吁和平 [Latin ingeminare ingeminat- (as IN-2, GEMINATE)]

ingenious /inˈdʒi:niəs/ adj.  1  clever at inventing, constructing, organizing, etc.; skilful; resourceful 有独创性的；灵巧的；机智的 2 (of a machine, theory, etc.) cleverly contrived (机器、理论等)制作精巧的；巧妙的 □ ingeniously  adv.  □ ingeniousness  n.   [Middle English, = talented, via French ingénieux or Latin ingeniosus from ingenium ‘cleverness’: cf. ENGINE]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INGENUOUS. 见 INGENUOUS 的用法说明。 

ingenuity /indʒiˈnju:iti/ n.  skill in devising or contriving; ingeniousness 发明才能；心灵手巧 [Latin ingenuitas ‘ingenuousness’ (as INGENUOUS): English meaning by confusion of INGENIOUS with INGENUOUS]

ingenuous /inˈdʒenjʊəs/ adj.  1  innocent; artless 天真无邪的；朴实的 2  open; frank 坦率的；真诚的 □ ingenuously  adv.  □ ingenuousness  n.   [Latin ingenuus ‘freeborn, frank’ (as IN-2, root of gignere ‘beget’)]■Usage 用法说明 Ingenuous, meaning ‘open, frank, innocent’, is sometimes confused with ingenious, which means ‘clever at inventing, resourceful’. 词语 ingenuous 有时易与 ingenious 相混淆，前者表示“坦率的，真诚的，天真的”，而后者则表示“有独创性的，机智的”。 

ingest /inˈdʒest/ v. tr.  1  take in (food etc.); eat 摄取(食品等)；吃 2  absorb (facts, knowledge, etc.) 吸取，接纳(事实、知识等) □ ingestion  /inˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ingestive  adj.   [Latin ingerere ingest- (as IN-2, gerere ‘carry’)]

inglenook /ˈiŋɡ(ə)lnʊk/ n.  a space within the opening on either side of a large fireplace 壁炉旁的墙角 [dialect (originally Scots) ingle ‘fire burning on a hearth’, perhaps from Gaelic aingeal ‘fire, light’, + NOOK]

inglorious /inˈɡlɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  shameful; ignominious 羞耻的；不光彩的 2  not famous 不闻名的 □ ingloriously  adv.  □ ingloriousness  n.  

-ingly /ˈiŋli/ suffix  forming adverbs esp. denoting manner of action or nature or condition (dotingly 溺爱地 ; charmingly 媚人地 ; slantingly 倾斜地) 构成副词，尤表示行为方式、性质或状况“…地”

in-goal area n. Rugby  the area between the goal line and the dead ball line (see 见 DEAD adj. 11) 【英式橄榄球】(球门线和死球线之间的)得分区

ingoing /ˈinɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1  going in; entering 进来的；进入的 2  penetrating; thorough 渗透的；深入的

ingot /ˈiŋɡət/ n.  a usu. oblong piece of cast metal, esp. of gold, silver, or steel (常为长方形的) (尤指金、银或钢等金属)锭，铸块 [Middle English: perhaps from IN + goten, past part. of Old English geotan ‘cast’]

ingraft var.  of ENGRAFT  ENGRAFT 的变体

ingrain /inˈɡrein/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (also 亦作 engrain)  1 (esp. as 尤作 ingrained adj.)  implant (a habit, belief, or attitude) ineradicably in a person 使(习惯、信仰、态度)深深地扎根于(某人心中) (的) 2 (as 作 ingrained adj.) (of dirt etc.) deeply embedded (污垢等)深埋着(的) 3  cause (dye etc.) to sink deeply into a thing (用染料等)染色 ●adj. (also 亦作 /ˈin-/)  1  inherent; ingrained 固有的；根深蒂固的 2 (of textiles) dyed in the fibre, before being woven (织物)原纤(原纱)染色的 [Middle English from Old French engrainer ‘dye in grain’ (en greine): see GRAIN]

ingrain carpet n.  a reversible carpet, with different colours interwoven 双面提花地毯

ingrate /ˈinɡreit, inˈɡreit/ n. & adj. formal or literary [正式] [文学用语] ●n.  an ungrateful person 忘恩负义的人 ●adj.  ungrateful 忘恩负义的 [Middle English from Latin ingratus (as IN-1, gratus ‘grateful’)]

ingratiate /inˈɡreiʃieit/ v. refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  bring oneself into favour 使得到…的欢心 □ ingratiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin in gratiam ‘into favour’]

ingratiating /inˈɡreiʃieitiŋ/ adj.  intended to gain grace or favour 目的在于讨好的；奉承的 □ ingratiatingly  adv.  

ingratitude /inˈɡrætitju:d/ n.  a lack of due gratitude 忘恩负义 [Middle English from Old French ingratitude or Late Latin ingratitudo (as INGRATE)]

ingravescent /inɡrəˈves(ə)nt/ adj. Med. (of a disease etc.) growing worse 【医】(疾病等)越来越恶化的 □ ingravescence  n.   [Latin ingravescere (as IN-2, gravescere ‘grow heavy’ from gravis ‘heavy’)]

ingredient /inˈɡri:diənt/ n.  a component part or element in a recipe, mixture, or combination 组成部分；(烹调的)配料，成分 [Middle English from Latin ingredi ingress- ‘enter’ (as IN-2, gradi ‘step’)]

ingress /ˈinɡres/ n.  1  the act or right of going in or entering 进入行为；进入权 2 Astron.  the start of an eclipse or transit 【天】初切 □ ingression  /inˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin ingressus (as INGREDIENT)]

Ingrid /ˈiŋgrid/   英格里德 [人名]

in-group n.  a small exclusive group of people with a common interest (具有共同利益的)自己人团体，小集团

ingrowing /ˈinɡrəʊiŋ/ adj.  growing inwards, esp. (of a toenail) growing into the flesh 向内生长的，(尤指脚指甲)长到肉里去的 □ ingrown  adj.  □ ingrowth  n.  

inguinal /ˈiŋɡwin(ə)l/ adj.  of the groin 腹股沟的 □ inguinally  adv.   [Latin inguinalis from inguen -inis ‘groin’]

ingulf var.  of ENGULF  ENGULF 的变体

ingurgitate /inˈɡɜ:dʒiteit/ v. tr.  1  swallow greedily 大口吞食 2  engulf 吞没 □ ingurgitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin ingurgitare ingurgitat- (as IN-2, gurges gurgitis ‘whirlpool’)]

ingénue /ænʒeiˈnju:/ n.  1  an innocent or unsophisticated young woman 天真无邪的少女 2 Theatr. 【戏】  a  such a part in a play 戏剧中天真无邪少女的角色b  the actress who plays this part 扮演天真少女角色的女演员 [French, fem. of ingénu INGENUOUS]

inhabit /inˈhæbit/ v. tr. (inhabited, inhabiting) (of a person or animal) dwell in; occupy (a region, town, house, etc.) (人或动物)居住于，栖居于；占据(地区、城镇、住房等) □ inhabitable  adj.  □ inhabitability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.  □ inhabitant  n.  □ inhabitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English inhabite, enhabite from Old French enhabiter or Latin inhabitare (as IN-2, habitare ‘dwell’): see HABIT]

inhabitancy /inˈhæbit(ə)nsi/ n. (also 亦作 inhabitance /-t(ə)ns/)  residence as an inhabitant, esp. during a specified period so as to acquire rights etc. 居住；(尤指在某特定期间的)居住人的权利

inhalant /inˈheil(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a medicinal preparation for inhaling 吸入药，吸入剂 2  a substance inhaled by drug-abusers (药物滥用者的)吸入物 ●adj.  of or relating to inhalation or inhalants 吸入的，吸入物的；与吸入有关的，与吸入物有关的

inhale /inˈheil/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  breathe in (air, gas, tobacco smoke, etc.) 吸入(空气、煤气、烟草形成的烟等) □ inhalation  /-həˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin inhalare ‘breathe in’ (as IN-2, halare ‘breathe’)]

inhaler /inˈheilə/ n.  a portable device used for relieving nasal or bronchial congestion, esp. asthma, by inhaling 吸入器；人工呼吸器

inharmonic /inhɑ:ˈmɒnik/ adj. esp. Mus.  not harmonic (尤)【音】不和谐的，不协调的

inharmonious /inhɑ:ˈməʊniəs/ adj. esp. Mus.  not harmonious (尤)【音】不和谐的 □ inharmoniously  adv.  

inhere /inˈhiə/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in) formal [正式]  1  exist essentially or permanently in 固有；生来就存在于  goodness inheres in that child  那孩子生来就善良 2 (of rights etc.) be vested in (a person etc.) (权利等)属于(某人等) [Latin inhaerēre inhaes- (as IN-2, haerēre ‘to stick’)]

inherent /inˈhiər(ə)nt, -ˈher-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  1  existing in something, esp. as a permanent or characteristic attribute 固有的，内在的 2  vested in (a person etc.) as a right or privilege (某人等)天赋的，生来的 □ inherence  n.  □ inherently  adv.   [Latin inhaerēre inhaerent- (as INHERE)]

inherit /inˈherit/ v. (inherited, inheriting)  1 tr.  receive (property, rank, title, etc.) by legal descent or succession 继承(财产、地位、称号等) 2 tr.  derive (a quality or characteristic) genetically from one's parents or ancestors 因遗传而得到(性格、特性) 3 absol. [含宾]  succeed as an heir (作为后嗣)获得，接过  a younger son rarely inherits  幼子难得获得遗产 □ inheritor  n. (fem. inheritress /-tris/ or inheritrix /-triks/)   [Middle English via Old French enheriter from Late Latin inhereditare (as IN-2, Latin heres heredis ‘heir’)]

inheritable /inˈheritəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being inherited 可遗传的 2  capable of inheriting 可继承的 □ inheritability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French (as INHERIT)]

inheritance /inˈherit(ə)ns/ n.  1  something that is inherited 继承物，遗产 2  a  the act of inheriting 继承行为b  an instance of this 继承 [Middle English via Anglo-French inheritaunce from Old French enheriter: see INHERIT]

inheritance tax n.  a tax levied on property etc. acquired by gift or inheritance (introduced in the UK in 1986 to replace capital transfer tax) 遗产税，继承税(英国 1986 年实施，替代资本转移税)

inhesion /inˈhi:ʒ(ə)n/ n. formal  the act or fact of inhering [正式]内在，固有，天赋 [Late Latin inhaesio (as INHERE)]

inhibit /inˈhibit/ v. tr. (inhibited, inhibiting)  1  hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or progress) 抑制，约束，阻止(行为、进展) 2 (as 作 inhibited adj.)  subject to inhibition 拘谨(的)；不自然(的) 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from + verbal noun)  forbid or prohibit (a person etc.) 禁止，阻止(某人等)b (esp. in ecclesiastical law) forbid (an ecclesiastic) to exercise clerical functions (尤指基督教教规中)禁止(神职人员)行使职权 □ inhibitive  adj.  □ inhibitor  n.  □ inhibitory  adj.   [Latin inhibēre (as IN-2, habēre ‘hold’)]

inhibition /in(h)iˈbiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Psychol.  a restraint on the direct expression of an instinct 【心】抑制 2 colloq.  an emotional resistance to a thought, an action, etc. [口] (对思想、行为等产生的)感情阻力；禁忌  no inhibitions about singing in public  在公众场合演唱没有顾虑 3 Brit. Law  an order forbidding alteration to property rights [英]【法律】禁止转让财产权的命令 4  a  the act of inhibiting 禁止，阻止的行为b  the process of being inhibited 受禁，受阻(的过程) [Middle English from Old French inhibition or Latin inhibitio (as INHIBIT)]

inhomogeneous /ˌinhɒmə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:niəs, -ˈdʒen-; ˌinhəʊm-/ adj.  not homogeneous 不均匀的；不同类的 □ inhomogeneity  /-dʒiˈni:iti, -dʒiˈneiiti/ n.  

inhospitable /inhɒˈspitəb(ə)l, inˈhɒspit-/ adj.  1  not hospitable 不好客的；不友好的 2 (of a region, coast, etc.) not affording shelter etc. (地区、海滨等)不适于居住的；荒凉的 □ inhospitableness  n.  □ inhospitably  adv.   [obsolete French (as IN-1, HOSPITABLE)]

inhospitality /ˌinhɒspiˈtæliti/ n.  the act or process of being inhospitable 不友好；冷淡 [Latin inhospitalitas (as IN-1, HOSPITALITY)]

in-house adj. & adv. ●adj. /ˈinhaʊs/  done or existing within an institution, company, etc. 在机构(公司等)内部进行的；存在于机构(公司等)内部的  an in-house project  公司内部计划 ●adv. /inˈhaʊs/  internally, without outside assistance 在机构内部，无外援地

inhuman /inˈhju:mən/ adj.  1 (of a person, conduct, etc.) brutal; unfeeling; barbarous (人、行为等)残酷的；无同情心的；野蛮的 2  not of a human type 不近人情的 □ inhumanly  adv.   [Latin inhumanus (as IN-1, HUMAN)]

inhumane /inhjʊˈmein/ adj.  not humane 不人道的 □ inhumanely  adv.   [Latin inhumanus (see INHUMAN), and from IN-1 + HUMANE, originally = INHUMAN]

inhumanity /inhjʊˈmæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  brutality; barbarousness; callousness 残酷；野蛮；冷漠 2  an inhumane act 不人道行为

inhume /inˈhju:m/ v. tr. literary  bury [文学用语]埋葬；掩埋 □ inhumation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin inhumare (as IN-2, humus ‘ground’)]

inimical /iˈnimik(ə)l/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  hostile 敌意的 2  harmful 有害的 □ inimically  adv.   [Late Latin inimicalis from Latin inimicus (as IN-1, amicus ‘friend’)]

inimitable /iˈnimitəb(ə)l/ adj.  impossible to imitate 不能模仿的 □ inimitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inimitably  adv.   [French inimitable or Latin inimitabilis (as IN-1, imitabilis ‘imitable’)]

iniquity /iˈnikwiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  wickedness; unrighteousness 邪恶；不公正 2  a gross injustice 极不公正 □ iniquitous  adj.  □ iniquitously  adv.  □ iniquitousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French iniquité from Latin iniquitas -tatis, from iniquus (as IN-1, aequus ‘just’)]

initial /iˈniʃ(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  of, existing, or occurring at the beginning 开始的；最初的  initial stage  初始阶段 initial expenses  开办费 ●n.  1  = INITIAL LETTER  2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the first letter or letters of the words of a (esp. a person's) name or names (尤指人姓名的)首字母；词首大写字母 ●v. tr. (initialled, initialling; US [美] initialed, initialing)  mark or sign with one's initials 用某人姓名的首字母标记(签字) □ initially  adv.   [Latin initialis, via initium ‘beginning’ from inire init- ‘go in’]

initialism /iˈniʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a group of initial letters used as an abbreviation for a name or expression, each letter being pronounced separately (e.g. 如 BBC) (cf. 参见 ACRONYM) 首字母缩略(合)词组(每一字母单独发音) 2 US  an acronym [美]首字母缩略(合)词

initialize /iˈniʃ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Computing  set to the value or put in the condition appropriate to the start of an operation 【计算】预置；初始化 □ initialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

initial letter n. (also 亦作 initial consonant)  a letter or consonant at the beginning of a word (词的)首字母或辅音

initial teaching alphabet n.  a 44-letter phonetic alphabet used to help those beginning to read and write English (共有 44 个音标字母的)启蒙教学字母表

initiate v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. /iˈniʃieit/  1  begin; set going; originate 开始；发起；创始 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  admit (a person) into a society, an office, a secret, etc., esp. with a ritual (尤指通过仪式)同意(某人)加入社团(公司、秘密组织等)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, into)  instruct (a person) in science, art, etc. (把科学、艺术)传授于(某人) ●n. /iˈniʃiət/  a person who has been newly initiated 被传授初步知识的人；新入会的人 ●adj. /iˈniʃiət/ (of a person) newly initiated (人)被传授初步知识的；被新近接纳入会的  an initiate member  新入会会员 □ initiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ initiator  n.  □ initiatory  /iˈniʃiət(ə)ri, iˌniʃiˈeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin initiare from initium: see INITIAL]

initiative /iˈniʃiətiv, -ʃə-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the ability to initiate things; enterprise 创始能力；首创精神  I'm afraid he lacks initiative  我担心他缺乏首创精神 2  a first step; origination 第一步；发端  a peace initiative  和平新创议 3  the power or right to begin something 创始力；主动权 4 Polit. (esp. in Switzerland and some US states) the right of citizens outside the legislature to originate legislation 【政】(尤指瑞士及美国某些州的)公民的创制权，立法提案权 ●adj.  beginning; originating 开始的；创始的 □ have the initiative  esp. Mil.  be able to control the enemy's movements (尤)【军】掌握主动权□ on one's own initiative   without being prompted by others 主动地□ take the initiative  (often foll. by 常后跟 in + verbal noun)  be the first to take action 采取主动 [French (as INITIATE)]

inject /inˈdʒekt/ v. tr.  1 Med. 【医】  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  drive or force (a solution, medicine, etc.) by or as if by a syringe 注射(溶液、药物等)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  fill (a cavity etc.) by injecting 注满(洞等)c  administer medicine etc. to (a person) by injection 给(某人)注射(药物等) 2  insert or introduce by way of interruption or as a boost 插(话)；引入  may I inject a note of realism?  我可以说一下现实主义吗？ theatres injected with new life  注入新活力的戏剧 □ injectable  adj. & n.  □ injector  n.   [Latin injicere (as IN-2, jacere ‘throw’)]

injection /inˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of injecting 注射b  an instance of this 注射，注入(事例) 2  a liquid or solution (to be) injected 注射液，注射剂  prepare a morphine injection  准备了一支吗啡注射液 [French injection or Latin injectio (as INJECT)]

injection moulding n.  the shaping of rubber or plastic articles by injecting heated material into a mould 注塑(橡胶)模具 □ injection-moulded  adj.  

in-joke n.  a joke that is shared exclusively by a group of people 内部笑话；小范围笑话

injudicious /indʒʊˈdiʃəs/ adj.  unwise; ill-judged 不明智的；缺乏判断力的 □ injudiciously  adv.  □ injudiciousness  n.  

Injun /ˈindʒ(ə)n/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq. offens.  an American Indian [尤北美口] [冒犯]美洲印第安人 [corruption]

injunction /inˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an authoritative warning or order (官方的)责戒；命令 2 Law  a judicial order restraining a person from an act or compelling redress to an injured party 【法律】(尤指法院发出的)禁制令；对受害方赔偿的指令 □ injunctive  adj.   [Late Latin injunctio from Latin injungere ENJOIN]

injure /ˈindʒə/ v. tr.  1  do physical harm or damage to; hurt (健康)受伤害；损害；毁坏  was injured in a road accident  在交通事故中受了伤 2  harm or impair 危害；损伤  illness might injure her chances  疾病可能使她丧失良机 3  do wrong to 亏待 □ injurer  n.   [back-formation from INJURY]

injured /ˈindʒəd/ adj.  1  harmed or hurt 被伤害的；受伤的  the injured passengers  受伤的乘客 2  offended; wronged 被冒犯的；受冤枉的  in an injured tone  用受冤屈的腔调

injurious /inˈdʒʊəriəs/ adj.  1  hurtful 有害的 2 (of language) insulting; libellous (语言)中伤的；诽谤性的 3  wrongful 不正当的 □ injuriously  adv.  □ injuriousness  n.   [Middle English from French injurieux or Latin injuriosus (as INJURY)]

injury /ˈin(d)ʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  physical harm or damage (对健康的)损害；伤害b  an instance of this 损害；伤害(事例)  suffered head injuries  头部受伤 2 esp. Law (尤)【法律】  a  wrongful action or treatment 伤害的行为b  an instance of this 侵害事例 3  damage to one's good name etc. 侵害，损害(好名声等) [Middle English via Anglo-French injurie from Latin injuria ‘a wrong’ (as IN-1, jus juris ‘right’)]

injury time n. Brit. Football  extra playing time allowed by a referee to compensate for time lost in dealing with injuries [英]【足球】伤停补时

injustice /inˈdʒʌstis/ n.  1  a lack of fairness or justice 不公平；不公正 2  an unjust act 不公正的行为 □ do a person an injustice   judge a person unfairly 对某人(的评价)不公平 [Middle English via Old French from Latin injustitia (as IN-1, JUSTICE)]

ink /iŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a coloured fluid used for writing with a pen, marking with a rubber stamp, etc. 墨水；印油b  a thick paste used in printing, duplicating, in ballpoint pens, etc. 油墨 2 Zool.  a black liquid ejected by a cuttlefish, octopus, etc. to confuse a predator 【动】(乌贼等分泌的)墨液 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, over, etc.)  mark with ink 用墨水(墨汁)作记号 2  cover (type etc.) with ink before printing 给(铅字等)上油墨 3  apply ink to 给…蘸墨 4 (as 作 inked adj.) Austral. slang  drunk [澳] [俚语]喝醉(的) □ ink out   obliterate with ink 用墨水把…涂去□ inker  n.   [Middle English enke, inke via Old French enque and Late Latin encau(s)tum from Greek egkauston, purple ink used by Roman emperors for signatures (as EN-2, CAUSTIC)]

ink-blot test n.  = RORSCHACH TEST 

ink-cap n.  any fungus of the genus Coprinus, turning into black liquid when it decays 墨汁鬼伞，鬼伞属蘑菇

inkhorn /ˈiŋkhɔ:n/ n. hist.  a small portable horn container for ink [史义] (用牛角制成的便携式)墨水瓶

ink-jet printer n. Computing  a printer in which the characters are formed by minute jets of ink 【计算】喷墨打印机

inkling /ˈiŋkliŋ/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint 略知；猜疑；暗示 [Middle English inkle ‘utter in an undertone’, of unknown origin]

ink-pad n.  an ink-soaked pad, usu. in a box, used for inking a rubber stamp etc. 印台

inkstand /ˈiŋkstænd/ n.  a stand for one or more ink bottles, often incorporating a pen tray etc. 墨水台，墨水瓶架

inkwell /ˈiŋkwel/ n.  a pot for ink usu. housed in a hole in a desk (嵌在桌上的)墨水池

inky /ˈiŋki/ adj. (inkier, inkiest)  of, as black as, or stained with ink 墨似的，漆黑的；被墨水弄污的 □ inkiness  n.  

inlaid past and past part.  of INLAY 

inland /ˈinlənd, -lænd/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  situated in the interior of a country 内地的，内陆的 2 esp. Brit.  carried on within the limits of a country; domestic [尤英]国家范围内的；国内的  inland trade  国内贸易 ●n.  the parts of a country remote from the sea or frontiers; the interior 内陆；内地 ●adv. /also inˈland/  in or towards the interior of a country 在内地；向内陆 □ inlander  n.  □ inlandish  adj.  

inland duty n.  a tax payable on inland trade 内地贸易税

inland navigation n.  communication by canals and rivers 内河航行

inland revenue n.  1 Brit.  revenue consisting of taxes and inland duties [英]国内税收 2 (作 Inland Revenue) (in the UK) the government department responsible for assessing and collecting such taxes (英国)国内税务局

in-law /ˈinlɔ:/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a relative by marriage 姻亲

inlay v. & n. ●v. tr. /inˈlei/ (past and past part. inlaid /inˈleid/)  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  embed (a thing in another) so that the surfaces are even 把(某物)嵌入(另一物并使表面平整)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  ornament (a thing with inlaid work) (用镶嵌细工)镶饰(某物) 2 (as 作 inlaid adj.) (of a piece of furniture etc.) ornamented by inlaying 镶饰(家具等) (的) 3  insert (a page, an illustration, etc.) in a space cut in a larger thicker page 插入(页、插图等) ●n. /ˈinlei/  1  inlaid work 镶嵌工艺 2  material inlaid 镶嵌物 3  a filling shaped to fit a tooth cavity 牙充填 □ inlayer  n.   [IN-2 + LAY1]

inlet /ˈinlet/ n.  1  a small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river 海湾，湖湾，河湾 2  a piece inserted, esp. in dressmaking etc. (尤指服装裁制等的)插入物 3  a way of entry 进口，入口 [Middle English from IN + LET1 v.]

inlier /ˈinlaiə/ n. Geol.  a structure or area of older rocks completely surrounded by newer rocks 【地质】内围(露)层 [IN, on the pattern of outlier]

in-line /ˈinlain/ adj.  1  having parts arranged in a line 排成行的，一列的 2  constituting an integral part of a continuous sequence of operations or machines 轴向式的，联机的

in loco parentis /in ˌləʊkəʊ pəˈrentis/ adv.  in the place or position of a parent (used of a teacher etc. responsible for children) (负责照管孩子的老师等)处于代理父母亲的地位 [Latin]

inly /ˈinli/ adv. poet. [诗]  1  inwardly; in the heart 在内部；在内心处 2  intimately; thoroughly 密切地；彻底地 [Old English innlīce (as IN, -LY2)]

inlying /ˈinlaiiŋ/ adj.  situated within, or near a centre 内部的；近中心的

inmate /ˈinmeit/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  an occupant of a hospital, prison, institution, etc. (医院、监狱、公共机构等的)被收容者，住院者 2  an occupant of a house etc., esp. one of several (房屋等的)居住人(尤指同住者) [probably originally INN + MATE1, associated with IN]

in medias res /in ˌmi:diæs ˈreiz/ adv.  1  into the midst of things 直入本题地 2  into the middle of a story, without preamble 直接交待事件发展过程(而非从头开始叙述)地 [Latin]

in memoriam /in miˈmɔ:riæm/ prep. & n. ●prep.  in memory of (a dead person) 作为纪念(死者) ●n.  a written article or notice etc. in memory of a dead person; an obituary 悼念死者的文章、讣告等；诔文 [Latin]

inmost /ˈinməʊst/ adj.  1  most inward 最内的 2  most intimate; deepest 最深入的；最深处的 [Old English innemest (as IN, -MOST)]

inn /in/ n.  1  a public house providing alcoholic liquor for consumption on the premises, and sometimes accommodation etc. 小酒店；小旅馆 2 hist.  a house providing accommodation, esp. for travellers [史义]客栈 [Old English inn (as IN)]

innards /ˈinədz/ n. pl. colloq. [口]  1  entrails 内脏 2  internal workings (of an engine etc.) (发动机等的)内部结构 [dialect etc. pronunciation of INWARDS, used as a noun]

innate /iˈneit, ˈineit/ adj.  1  inborn; natural 先天的；天然的 2 Philos.  originating in the mind 【哲】(头脑中)固有的 □ innately  adv.  □ innateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin innatus (as IN-2, natus, past part. of nasci ‘be born’)]

inner /inə/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  further in; inside; interior 接近中心的；里面的；内部的  the inner compartment  内室 2 (of thoughts, feelings, etc.) deeper; more secret (思想、感情等)内心的；含蓄的 ●n. Brit. Archery [英]【射箭】  1  a division of the target next to the bull's-eye (箭靶的)内圈；接近靶心部分 2  a shot that strikes this 射中接近靶心部分的一发 □ innerly  adv.  □ innermost  adj.  □ innerness  n.   [Old English innera (adj.), comparative of IN]

inner bar n. Brit. Law  Queen's or King's Counsel collectively [英]【法律】王室律师(总称)

inner circle n.  an exclusive group of friends or associates within a larger group 核心集团

inner city n.  the area near the centre of a city, esp. when densely populated (尤指人口稠密的)市中心附近的旧城区 also, with hyphen, attrib. 加连字符亦作定语 : inner-city housing  市中心旧城区的住房

inner-directed adj. Psychol.  governed by standards formed in childhood 【心】受儿时形成的标准支配的

inner ear n.  the semicircular canals and cochlea, which form the organs of balance and hearing and are embedded in the temporal bone 内耳

inner man n. (also 亦作 inner woman)  1  the soul or mind 灵魂；精神 2 joc.  the stomach [诙]胃口，食欲

inner planet n.  a planet whose orbit lies within the asteroid belt (i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) 内行星(即：水星、金星、地球及火星)

inner space n.  1  the region between the earth and outer space, or below the surface of the sea 内层空间 2  the part of the mind not normally accessible to consciousness 潜意识部分，内心世界

inner-spring adj. N. Amer. [北美]  = INTERIOR-SPRUNG 

Inner Temple n.  one of the two Inns of Court on the site of the Temple in London (cf. 参见 MIDDLE TEMPLE) (伦敦的)内殿律师学院

inner tube n.  a separate inflatable tube inside the cover of a pneumatic tyre 内胎

innervate /ˈinəveit, iˈnɜ:veit/ v. tr.  supply (an organ etc.) with nerves 使神经分布于(器官等) □ innervation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [IN-2 + Latin nervus ‘nerve’ + -ATE3]

inner woman  see 见 INNER MAN 

inning /ˈiniŋ/ n. N. Amer.  each division of a game of baseball during which both sides have a turn at batting [北美] (棒球比赛的)局，回合 [in (v.) ‘go in’ (from IN)]

innings /ˈiniŋz/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or colloq. [口] inningses)  1 esp. Cricket (尤)【板球】  a  the part of a game during which a side is in or batting 局，回，盘b  the play of or score achieved by a player during a turn at batting 选手击球得分 2  a period during which a government, party, cause, etc. is in office or effective (政府、政党、事业等)当权时期 3  a  a period during which a person can achieve something (某人)大显身手的机会b colloq.  a person's lifespan [口]人的寿命  had a good innings and died at 94  一生幸福长寿，享年 94 岁

innkeeper /ˈinki:pə/ n.  a person who keeps an inn 旅店老板

innocent /ˈinəs(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  free from moral wrong; sinless 清白的；圣洁的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  not guilty (of a crime etc.) 无罪的 3  free from responsibility for an event yet suffering its consequences 无辜的  innocent bystanders  无辜的旁观者 4  a  simple; guileless; naive 简单的；正直的；天真的b  pretending to be guileless 装作正直的 5  harmless 无害的 6 (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  without, lacking [口]没有…的，缺少…的  appeared, innocent of shoes  出来时没有穿鞋 ●n.  1  an innocent person, esp. a young child 天真无邪的人(尤指小孩) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the young children killed by Herod after the birth of Jesus (Matt. 2:16) (希律王企图杀害刚诞生的耶稣而屠杀的)无辜婴孩们(《圣经·马太福音》 2:16) 3  a person involved by chance in a situation, esp. a victim of crime or war 偶然纠缠进去的人(尤指罪恶及战争的受害者) □ innocence  n.  □ innocency  n.  □ innocently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French innocent or Latin innocens innocent- (as IN-1, nocēre ‘hurt’)]

Innocents' Day n. (also 亦作 Holy Innocents' Day)  the day, 28 Dec., commemorating the massacre of the innocents (12 月 28 日)悼婴节

innocuous /iˈnɒkjʊəs/ adj.  1  not injurious; harmless 无致伤的；无害的 2  inoffensive 不冒犯人的 □ innocuously  adv.  □ innocuousness  n.   [Latin innocuus (as IN-1, nocuus from nocēre ‘hurt’)]

Inn of Court n. Brit. Law [英]【法律】  1  each of the four legal societies having the exclusive right of admitting people to the English bar 律师学院(英国伦敦 4 个培养律师协会之一) 2  any of the sets of buildings in London belonging to these societies (伦敦)律师学院的建筑 3  a similar society in Ireland (爱尔兰)律师学院

innominate /iˈnɒminət/ adj.  not having a name; unnamed 无名的；未命名的 [Late Latin innominatus (as IN-1, NOMINATE)]

innominate bone n. Anat.  the bone formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; the hip bone 【解】无名骨；髋骨

innovate /ˈinəveit/ v. intr.  1  bring in new methods, ideas, etc. (方法、思想等)创新 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  make changes 改革 □ innovation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ innovational  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ innovative  adj.  □ innovator  n.  □ innovatory  /-veit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin innovare ‘make new, alter’ (as IN-2, novus ‘new’)]

Inns of Chancery n. pl. Brit. hist.  the buildings in London formerly used as hostels for law students [英史义] (伦敦)法律预备生的教学与住宿大楼

innuendo /injʊˈendəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes or 或 -os)  1  an allusive or oblique remark or hint, usu. disparaging (通常指诽谤性的)讽刺，影射 2  a remark with a double meaning, usu. suggestive 暗指 ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  make innuendoes 影射，含沙射影 [Latin, = by nodding at, by pointing to: ablative gerund of innuere ‘nod at’ (as IN-2, nuere ‘nod’)]

innumerable /iˈnju:m(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  too many to be counted 无数的，数不清的 □ innumerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ innumerably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin innumerabilis (as IN-1, NUMERABLE)]

innumerate /iˈnju:m(ə)rət/ adj.  having no knowledge of or feeling for mathematical operations; not numerate 不懂数学的；数学盲的；不会计算的 □ innumeracy  /-əsi/ n.  

innutrition /injʊˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  lack of nutrition 营养不良 □ innutritious  adj.  

inobservance /inəbˈzɜ:v(ə)ns/ n.  1  inattention 玩忽 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  non-observance (of a law etc.) (法律等)违反，不遵守 [French inobservance or Latin inobservantia (as IN-1, OBSERVANCE)]

inoculate /iˈnɒkjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  a  treat (a person or animal) with a vaccine containing a dead or modified disease-causing agent, usu. by injection, to promote immunity against the disease 给(人、动物)注射预防针b  introduce (an infective agent) into an organism 将(有传染性的制剂)移入(有机组织)c  introduce (cells or organisms) into a culture medium 将(细胞、有机组织)移入(培养基) 2  instil (a person) with ideas or opinions (向某人)灌输(思想、观点) □ inoculable  adj.  □ inoculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inoculative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ inoculator  n.   [originally in sense ‘insert (a bud) into a plant’: Latin inoculare inoculat- ‘engraft’ (as IN-2, oculus ‘eye, bud’)]

inoculum /iˈnɒkjʊləm/ n. (pl. inocula /-lə/)  any substance used for inoculation 接种物，接种体 [modern Latin (as INOCULATE)]

inodorous /inˈəʊd(ə)rəs/ adj.  having no smell; odourless 无味的；无气味的

in-off n. Billiards  the act of pocketing a ball by bouncing it off another ball 【台球】击球落袋

inoffensive /inəˈfensiv/ adj.  not objectionable; harmless 不让人讨厌的；无害的 □ inoffensively  adv.  □ inoffensiveness  n.  

inoperable /inˈɒp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 Surgery  that cannot suitably be operated on 【外科】不宜动手术的  inoperable cancer  不宜手术治疗的恶性肿瘤 2  that cannot be operated; inoperative 不能动手术的；不起作用的 3  impractical, unworkable 不实用的；行不通的 □ inoperability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inoperably  adv.   [French inopérable (as IN-1, OPERABLE)]

inoperative /inˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj.  not working or taking effect 不起作用的；不生效的

inopportune /inˈɒpətju:n, ˌinɒpəˈtju:n/ adj.  not appropriate, esp. as regards time; unseasonable (尤指时间)不合适的；不合时宜的 □ inopportunely  adv.  □ inopportuneness  n.   [Latin inopportunus (as IN-1, OPPORTUNE)]

inordinate /iˈnɔ:dinət/ adj.  1  immoderate; excessive 无节制的；过度的 2  intemperate 放纵的 3  disorderly 无序的，无规则的 □ inordinately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin inordinatus (as IN-1, ordinatus, past part. of ordinare ORDAIN)]

inorganic /inɔ:ˈɡænik/ adj.  1 Chem. (of a compound) not organic, usu. of mineral origin (opp. 反义 ORGANIC) 【化】(化合物)无机的 2  without organized physical structure 无组织体系的 3  not arising by natural growth; extraneous 非自然生长而成的；体外的 4 Philol.  not explainable by normal etymology 【语文】不能用词源学解释的；无据的 □ inorganically  adv.  

inorganic chemistry n.  the chemistry of inorganic compounds 无机化学

inosculate /iˈnɒskjʊleit/ v. intr. & tr.  1  join by running together 使连接 2  join closely 使密切结合 □ inosculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [IN-2 + Latin osculare ‘provide with a mouth’ from osculum, diminutive of os ‘mouth’]

in-patient /ˈinpeiʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a patient who lives in hospital while under treatment 住院病人

in propria persona /in ˌprəʊpriə pɜ:ˈsəʊnə/ adv.  in his or her own person 亲自，亲身 [Latin]

input /ˈinpʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  what is put in or taken in, or operated on by any process or system 放入，投入，输入 2 Electronics 【电子学】  a  a place where, or a device through which, energy, information, etc., enters a system 输入端  a tape recorder with inputs for microphone and radio  输入端为麦克风和收音机的盒式录音机b  energy supplied to a device or system; an electrical signal (向某设备或系统的)投入能量；电信号 3  the information fed into a computer (计算机的)输入数据 4  the action or process of putting in or feeding in 投入(输入)的行动(过程) 5  a contribution of information etc. (信息等的)提供 ●v. tr. (inputting; past and past part. input or inputted) (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  1  put in 放入，投入 2 Computing  supply (data, programs, etc., to a computer, program, etc.) 【计算】将(数据、程序等)输入(计算机、程序等) □ inputter  n.  

input-output attrib. adj. (also 亦作 input/ output) Computing  etc. of, relating to, or for input and output 【计算】输入输出的；与输入输出有关的；为了输入输出的

inquest /ˈinkwest/ n.  1 Law 【法律】  a Brit.  an inquiry by a coroner's court into the cause of a death [英] (调查死亡原因的)讯问，审理b  a judicial inquiry to ascertain the facts relating to an incident etc. (确认事故等事实的)调查c Brit.  a coroner's jury [英]验尸陪审团 2 colloq.  a discussion analysing the outcome of a game, an election, etc. [口] (比赛、选举等的)结果讨论分析 [Middle English from Old French enqueste (as ENQUIRE)]

inquietude /inˈkwaiətju:d/ n.  uneasiness of mind or body 心神不安 [Middle English via Old French inquietude or Late Latin inquietudo from Latin inquietus (as IN-1, quietus ‘quiet’)]

inquiline /ˈinkwilain/ n.  an animal living in the home of another; a commensal 寄居动物；共栖动物 [Latin inquilinus ‘sojourner’ (as IN-2, colere ‘dwell’)]

inquire /inˈkwaiə/ v.  1 intr.  seek information formally; make a formal investigation 查究；调查 2 intr. & tr.  = ENQUIRE  □ inquirer  n.   [variant of ENQUIRE]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ENQUIRE. 见 ENQUIRE 的用法说明。 

inquiry /inˈkwairi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an investigation, esp. an official one (尤指正式的)调查 2  = ENQUIRY 

inquiry agent n. Brit.  a private detective [英]私家侦探

inquisition /iŋkwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 usu. derog.  an intensive search or investigation [通常贬]调查，盘问 2  a judicial or official inquiry (法官的)审讯 3 (作 the Inquisition) RC Ch. hist.  an ecclesiastical tribunal for the suppression of heresy, esp. in Spain, operating through torture and execution 【天主教】[史义] (尤指西班牙审判异教徒的)宗教裁判所，宗教法庭 □ inquisitional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin inquisitio -onis ‘examination’ (as INQUIRE)]

inquisitive /inˈkwizitiv/ adj.  1  unduly curious; prying 过分好奇的；爱打听别人隐私的 2  seeking knowledge; inquiring 爱钻研的；好问的 □ inquisitively  adv.  □ inquisitiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French inquisitif -ive from Late Latin inquisitivus (as INQUISITION)]

inquisitor /inˈkwizitə/ n.  1  an official investigator 调查人 2 hist.  an officer of the Inquisition [史义]宗教法庭审判官 [French inquisiteur from Latin inquisitor -oris (as INQUIRE)]

Inquisitor-General n.  the head of the Spanish Inquisition (西班牙)宗教法庭庭长

inquisitorial /inˌkwiziˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or like an inquisitor 审判官的；审判官似的；调查官(似)的 2  offensively prying 爱打听别人事情的 3 Law (of a trial etc.) in which the judge has a prosecuting role (opp. 反义 ACCUSATORIAL) 【法律】(审判等)法官起检察官作用的 □ inquisitorially  adv.   [medieval Latin inquisitorius (as INQUISITOR)]

inquorate /inˈkwɔ:rət, -eit/ adj. Brit.  not constituting a quorum [英]不够法定人数的

in re /in ˈri:, ˈrei/ prep.  = RE1  [Latin, = in the matter of]

INRI abbr.  Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews [缩略]拿撒勒人耶稣，犹太王 [Latin Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum]

inroad /ˈinrəʊd/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, into)  an encroachment; a using up of resources etc. 侵蚀；消耗  makes inroads on my time  占去我许多时间 2  a hostile attack; a raid (突然)侵犯；突然(袭击) [IN + ROAD1 in the sense ‘riding’]

inrush /ˈinrʌʃ/ n.  a rushing in; an influx 流入；涌入 □ inrushing  adj. & n.  

ins. abbr. [缩略]  1  inches  2  insurance 

insalubrious /insəˈlu:briəs/ adj. (of a climate or place) unhealthy (气候、环境)有损健康的 □ insalubrity  n.   [Latin insalubris (as IN-1, SALUBRIOUS)]

insane /inˈsein/ adj.  1  not of sound mind; mad 精神失常的；疯狂的 2 colloq.  extremely foolish; irrational [口]极其愚蠢的；无理性的 □ insanely  adv.  □ insanity  /-ˈsæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin insanus (as IN-1, sanus ‘healthy’)]

insanitary /inˈsænit(ə)ri/ adj.  not sanitary; dirty or germ-carrying 不卫生的；肮脏的；带菌的

insatiable /inˈseiʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to be satisfied 无法满足的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  extremely greedy 贪得无厌的 □ insatiability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ insatiably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French insaciable or Latin insatiabilis (as IN-1, SATIATE)]

insatiate /inˈseiʃiət/ adj.  never satisfied 永不满足的 [Latin insatiatus (as IN-1, SATIATE)]

inscape /ˈinskeip/ n. literary  the unique inner quality or essence of an object etc. as shown in a work of art, esp. a poem [文学用语] (艺术作品，尤指诗中的)独特性；内在的本质 [perhaps from IN-2 + -SCAPE]

inscribe /inˈskraib/ v. tr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, on)  write or carve (words etc.) on stone, metal, paper, a book, etc. (在石、金属、纸、书等上)刻，雕；印；写(字)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  mark (a sheet, tablet, etc.) with characters 题写(薄板、匾额等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  write an informal dedication (to a person) in or on (a book etc.) (给某人)题赠(书等) 3  enter the name of (a person) on a list or in a book 把(某人名字)登记入册 4 Geom.  draw (a figure) within another so that some or all points of it lie on the boundary of the other (cf. 参见 CIRCUMSCRIBE 3) 【几】(画图)使图形内接 5 (esp. as 尤作 inscribed adj.) Brit.  issue (stock etc.) in the form of shares with registered holders [英]登记(股票等)持有人的名字(的) □ inscribable  adj.  □ inscriber  n.   [Latin inscribere inscript- (as IN-2, scribere ‘write’)]

inscription /inˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  words inscribed, esp. on a monument, coin, stone, or in a book etc. (尤指在碑、硬币、石上或书中等)刻印文字，题词 2  a  the act of inscribing, esp. the informal dedication of a book etc. 刻印行为；(尤指书等的)题赠b  an instance of this 刻印(题赠)实例 □ inscriptional  adj.  □ inscriptive  adj.   [Middle English from Latin inscriptio (as INSCRIBE)]

inscrutable /inˈskru:təb(ə)l/ adj.  wholly mysterious, impenetrable 像谜一样的；不可理解的 □ inscrutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inscrutableness  n.  □ inscrutably  adv.   [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin inscrutabilis (as IN-1, scrutari ‘search’: see SCRUTINY)]

insect /ˈinsekt/ n.  1  a  any arthropod of the class Insecta, having a head, thorax, abdomen, two antennae, three pairs of thoracic legs, and usu. one or two pairs of thoracic wings (昆虫纲)节肢动物；昆虫b (loosely) any other small invertebrate animal esp. with several pairs of legs (非严格意义上的) (尤指多对腿的)无脊椎动物 2  an insignificant or contemptible person or creature 渺小的人(生物)；可鄙的人(生物) □ insectile  /-ˈsektail/ adj.   [Latin insectum (animal) ‘notched (animal)’ from insecare insect- (as IN-2, secare ‘cut’)]

insectarium /insekˈtɛəriəm/ n. (also 亦作 insectary /inˈsektəri/) (pl. insectariums or insectaries)  a place for keeping insects 昆虫饲养室

insecticide /inˈsektisaid/ n.  a substance used for killing insects 杀虫剂 □ insecticidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

insectivore /inˈsektivɔ:/ n.  1  any animal that feeds on insects, esp. a mammal of the order Insectivora, including shrews, hedgehogs, and moles 食虫目动物(尤指食虫目哺乳动物，包括鼩鼱、刺猬、鼹鼠) 2  any plant which captures and absorbs insects 食虫植物 □ insectivorous  /-ˈtiv(ə)rəs/ adj.   [French from modern Latin insectivorus (as INSECT, -VORE: see -VOROUS)]

insecure /insiˈkjʊə/ adj.  1 (of a person or state of mind) uncertain; lacking confidence (人或心态)不稳定的；无把握的 2  a  unsafe; not firm or fixed 不安全的；不牢固的；动摇的b (of ice, ground, etc.) liable to give way (冰、地面等)易塌陷的 □ insecurely  adv.  □ insecurity  /-ˈkjʊəriti/ n.  

inselberg /ˈins(ə)lbɜ:ɡ, -z-/ n.  an isolated hill or mountain rising abruptly from its surroundings 孤山；岛(状)山 [German, from Insel ‘island’ + Berg ‘mountain’]

inseminate /inˈsemineit/ v. tr.  1  introduce semen into (a female) by natural or artificial means 使(妇女)受精；对(妇女)施人工授精 2  sow (seed etc.) 播(种等) □ insemination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ inseminator  n.   [Latin inseminare (as IN-2, SEMEN)]

insensate /inˈsenseit, -sət/ adj.  1  without physical sensation; unconscious 无感觉的；没有意识的 2  without sensibility; unfeeling 缺乏感情的；无情的 3  stupid 愚蠢的 □ insensately  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin insensatus (as IN-1, sensatus from sensus SENSE)]

insensibility /inˌsensiˈbiliti/ n.  1  unconsciousness 无知觉 2  a lack of mental feeling or emotion; hardness 缺少感情；无情感；冷淡 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  indifference 不关心 [French insensibilité or Late Latin insensibilitas (as INSENSIBLE)]

insensible /inˈsensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  without one's mental faculties; unconscious 失去知觉的；无意识的b (of the extremities etc.) numb; without feeling (人的手足等)麻木的；没有感觉的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  unaware; indifferent 不知道的；冷淡的  insensible of her needs  对她的需求懵然不知 3  without emotion; callous 无感情的；麻木不仁的 4  too small or gradual to be perceived; inappreciable 感觉不到的；不易被察觉的 □ insensibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French insensible or Latin insensibilis (as IN-1, SENSIBLE)]

insensitive /inˈsensitiv/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  showing or feeling no sympathetic or emotional response 麻木的；无感情的 2  not sensitive to physical stimuli 不敏感的 □ insensitively  adv.  □ insensitiveness  n.  □ insensitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

insentient /inˈsenʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  not sentient; inanimate 无知觉的；无生命的 □ insentience  n.  

inseparable /inˈsep(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. of friends) unable or unwilling to be separated (尤指朋友)分不开的；不可分离的 2 Gram. (of a prefix, or a verb in respect of it) unable to be used as a separate word e.g. 如 dis-, mis-, un- 【语法】(前缀等)不可分的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an inseparable person or thing, esp. a friend 形影不离的朋友；不可分割的事物 □ inseparability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inseparably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin inseparabilis (as IN-1, SEPARABLE)]

insert v. & n. ●v. tr. /inˈsɜ:t/  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, into, between, etc.)  place, fit, or thrust (a thing) into another 放入，插入，嵌入(某物) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, into)  introduce (a letter, word, article, advertisement, etc.) into a newspaper etc. (在报纸等)刊登(信、文字、文章、广告等) 3 (as 作 inserted adj.) Anat. etc. (of a muscle etc.) attached (at a specific point) 【解】(肌肉等)附着 ●n. /ˈinsɜ:t/  something inserted, e.g. a loose page in a magazine, a piece of cloth in a garment, a shot in a cinema film 插入物(杂志的插页、服装的镶块、电影中的插入镜头) □ insertable  adj.  □ inserter  n.   [Latin inserere (as IN-2, serere sert- ‘join’)]

insertion /inˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of inserting 插入 2  an amendment etc. inserted in writing or printing (文章或印刷品中插入的)更正 3  each appearance of an advertisement in a newspaper etc. (报纸等的)插页广告 4  an ornamental section of needlework inserted into plain material (缝纫活中的)镶饰部分  lace insertions  花边镶边 5  the manner or place of attachment of a muscle, an organ, etc. (肌肉、器官等的)附着处 6  the placing of a spacecraft in an orbit (航天器)射入轨道 [Late Latin insertio (as INSERT)]

in-service /ˈinsɜ:vis/ attrib. adj. (of training) intended for those actively engaged in the profession or activity concerned (培训)在职的，不脱产的

INSET /ˈinset/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  training during term-time for teachers in British state schools (英国公立学校)教师在职培训 [acronym, from in-service education and training]

inset n. & v. ●n. /ˈinset/  1  a  an extra page or pages inserted in a folded sheet or in a book; an insert 插页；插入物b  a small map, photograph, etc., inserted within the border of a larger one 套印在大地图(照片)内的小地图(照片) 2  a piece let into a dress etc. (服装等的)镶料 ●v. tr. /inˈset/ (insetting; past and past part. inset or insetted)  1  put in as an inset (作为插入物)嵌入 2  decorate with an inset (用镶料)镶饰 □ insetter  n.  

inshallah /inˈʃælə/ int.  if Allah wills it 印沙安拉！(如安拉允许的话；如蒙天佑) [Arabic in šɑˉ' Allah]

inshore /inˈʃɔ:, ˈinʃɔ:/ adv. & adj.  at sea but close to the shore 沿海的(地)；近海的(地) □ inshore of   nearer to shore than 较…更靠近海岸

inside n., adj., adv. & prep. ●n. /inˈsaid/  1  a  the inner side or surface of a thing 里面；内部b  the inner part; the interior 里面部分；内心 2  a  the side of a path next to the wall or away from the road (道路的)内侧，离车道较远的一边b Brit. (of a double-decker bus) the lower section [英] (双层汽车的)下层 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  the stomach and bowels [口]肠胃  something wrong with my insides  我的肠胃不太舒服 4 colloq.  a position affording inside information [口]能通内情的位置  knows someone on the inside  认识一个熟知内情的人 ●adj. /ˈinsaid/  1  situated on or in, or derived from, the inside 里面的；内部的 2 Hockey & (now less often) Football nearer to the centre of the field 【曲棍球】(现较少使用)【足球】距球场中央较近的  inside forward  内锋 inside left  左内锋 inside right  右内锋 ●adv. /inˈsaid/  1  on, in, or to the inside 在里面；往里面 2 slang  in prison [俚语]在监牢里 ●prep. /inˈsaid/  1  on the inner side of; within 在…里面；往…里面  inside the house  在屋里 2  in less than 在…以内；少于  inside an hour  不到一小时 □ inside of  colloq.  in less than (a week etc.) [口]在…以内；少于(一星期等) [IN + SIDE]

inside country n. Austral.  settled areas near the coast [澳]沿海居住地

inside information n.  information not accessible to outsiders 内部情报

inside job n. colloq.  a crime committed by a person living or working on the premises burgled etc. [口]内贼作案

inside out adv. & adj. ●adv.  with the inner surface turned outwards 里面翻到外面 ●attrib. adj. (作 inside-out)  in this condition 里面翻到外面的  an inside-out building with lifts on the outside  (经改建后)电梯移到外面的建筑物 □ know a thing inside out   know a thing thoroughly 彻底了解某事□ turn inside out   1  turn the inner surface outwards 把…翻过来 2 colloq.  cause confusion or a mess in [口]搞乱；弄脏

insider /inˈsaidə/ n.  1  a person who is within a society, organization, etc. (社团、组织等的)内部的人 2  a person privy to a secret, esp. when using it to gain advantage 知内情的人

insider dealing n. (also 亦作 insider trading) Stock Exch.  the illegal practice of trading to one's own advantage through having access to confidential information 【股】(利用内幕消息牟利的)内幕交易

inside track n.  1  the track which is shorter, because of the curve 内侧跑道 2  a position of advantage 有利地位

insidious /inˈsidiəs/ adj.  1  proceeding or progressing inconspicuously but harmfully 不知不觉恶化的；潜伏的  an insidious disease  隐伏的疾病 2  treacherous; crafty 狡诈的；阴险的 □ insidiously  adv.  □ insidiousness  n.   [Latin insidiosus ‘cunning’ from insidiae ‘ambush’ (as IN-2, sedēre ‘sit’)]

insight /ˈinsait/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  1  the capacity of understanding hidden truths etc., esp. of character or situations (尤指对性质及形势的)洞察力 2  an instance of this 洞悉，洞察 □ insightful  adj.  □ insightfully  adv.   [Middle English, probably of Scandinavian and Low German origin (as IN-2, SIGHT)]

insignia /inˈsiɡniə/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  badges 徽章，标志  wore his insignia of office  佩戴着他官职的标志 2  distinguishing marks 标记 [Latin, pl. of insigne, neut. of insignis ‘distinguished’ (as IN-2, signis from signum SIGN)]■Usage 用法说明 Insignia is, in origin, a plural noun; its singular form insigne is rarely encountered. Insignia can be treated as a singular or plural, e.g. He was wearing camouflage dress and no rank insignia was/ were visible, but should not be used as a countable noun. 原本 insignia 是复数名词，单数形式 insigne 很少遇到。 Insignia 可作单数又可作复数，但不应作为可数名词使用。如 He was wearing camouflage dress and no rank insignia was/ were visible (他穿着迷彩服，看不见军衔标志)。 

insignificant /insiɡˈnifik(ə)nt/ adj.  1  unimportant; trifling 不重要的；无足轻重的 2 (of a person) undistinguished (人)地位低微的 3  meaningless 无意义的 □ insignificance  n.  □ insignificancy  n.  □ insignificantly  adv.  

insincere /insinˈsiə/ adj.  not sincere; not candid 不诚恳的；不坦率的 □ insincerely  adv.  □ insincerity  /-ˈseriti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin insincerus (as IN-1, SINCERE)]

insinuate /inˈsinjʊeit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  convey indirectly or obliquely; hint 拐弯抹角地传达；暗示  insinuated that she was lying  暗示她在撒谎 2 (often 常作 refl.; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  a  introduce (oneself, a person, etc.) into favour, office, etc., by subtle manipulation 用巧妙手段使(自己、某人等)得到(好处、职位等)b  introduce (a thing, an idea, oneself, etc.) subtly or deviously into a place 使(某物、主意、自己等)迂回地潜入(挤入)  insinuated himself into the Royal Box  他设法潜入王室专用包厢 □ insinuatingly  adv.  □ insinuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ insinuative  adj.  □ insinuator  n.   [Latin insinuare insinuat- (as IN-2, sinuare ‘to curve’)]

insipid /inˈsipid/ adj.  1  lacking vigour or interest; dull 无生气的；无兴趣的；枯燥无味的 2  lacking flavour; tasteless 乏味的；淡而无味的 □ insipidity  /-ˈpiditi/ n.  □ insipidly  adv.  □ insipidness  n.   [French insipide or Late Latin insipidus (as IN-1, sapidus SAPID)]

insist /inˈsist/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause; also absol. [亦含宾])  maintain or demand positively and assertively 坚决主张；坚决要求  insisted that he was innocent  坚持他是无罪的 give me the bag! I insist!  一定要还我口袋！ □ insist on   demand or maintain 主张；坚持  I insist on being present  我一定要出席 insists on his suitability  坚持认为他符合要求□ insistingly  adv.   [Latin insistere ‘stand on, persist’ (as IN-2, sistere ‘stand’)]

insistent /inˈsist(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  insisting; demanding positively or continually 坚持的；持续的  is insistent on taking me with him  坚持他携我同行 2  obtruding itself on the attention 惹人注意的  the insistent rattle of the window frame  惹人注意的窗框格格声 □ insistence  n.  □ insistency  n.  □ insistently  adv.  

in situ /in ˈsitju:/ adv.  1  in its place 在原地 2  in its original place 在原来位置 [Latin]

insobriety /insəˈbraiəti/ n.  intemperance, esp. in drinking (尤指喝酒)无节制

insofar /insə(ʊ)ˈfɑ:/ adv.  = in so far (see 见 FAR) 

insolation /insəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  exposure to the sun's rays, esp. for bleaching (尤指为脱色)曝晒 [Latin insolatio from insolare (as IN-2, solare from sol ‘sun’)]

insole /ˈinsəʊl/ n.  1  a removable sole worn in a boot or shoe for warmth etc. 鞋垫 2  the fixed inner sole of a boot or shoe (皮鞋的)内底

insolent /ˈins(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  offensively contemptuous or arrogant; insulting 傲慢的；蛮横的；侮慢的 □ insolence  n.  □ insolently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin insolens (as IN-1, solens, pres. part. of solēre ‘be accustomed’)]

insoluble /inˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  incapable of being solved 不能解决的 2  incapable of being dissolved 不溶的 □ insolubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ insolubilize  /-bilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ insolubly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French insoluble or Latin insolubilis (as IN-1, SOLUBLE)]

insolvable /inˈsɒlvəb(ə)l/ adj.  = INSOLUBLE 

insolvent /inˈsɒlv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unable to pay one's debts 无偿还能力的 2  relating to insolvency 与破产有关的  insolvent laws  破产法 ●n.  an insolvent person 无力偿还债务者，破产者 □ insolvency  n.  

insomnia /inˈsɒmniə/ n.  habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep 失眠；失眠症 □ insomniac  /-iæk/ n. & adj.   [Latin from insomnis ‘sleepless’ (as IN-1, somnus ‘sleep’)]

insomuch /insə(ʊ)ˈmʌtʃ/ adv.  1 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  to such an extent 到…程度 2 (foll. by 后跟 as)  inasmuch 由于；鉴于 [Middle English, originally in so much]

insouciant /inˈsu:siənt/ adj.  carefree; unconcerned 无忧无虑的；漠不关心的 □ insouciance  n.  □ insouciantly  adv.   [French (as IN-1, souciant, pres. part. of soucier ‘care’)]

inspan /inˈspæn/ v. (inspanned, inspanning) S. Afr. [南非]  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  yoke (oxen etc.) in a team to a vehicle 把(一组牛等)套在车上b  harness an animal or animals to (a wagon) 把牲口套到(车上) 2 tr.  harness (people or resources) into service 利用(人或资源) [Dutch inspannen ‘stretch’ (as IN-2, SPAN2)]

inspect /inˈspekt/ v. tr.  1  look closely at or into 检查；检验 2  examine (a document etc.) officially 审查(文件等) □ inspection  n.   [Latin inspicere inspect- (as IN-2, specere ‘look at’), or its frequentative inspectare]

inspector /inˈspektə/ n.  1  a person who inspects 检查员；检验员 2  an official employed to supervise a service, a machine, etc., and make reports 巡视员；稽察员 3  a police officer below a superintendent and (Brit.) above a sergeant in rank (警察)巡官(在英国警衔中高于巡佐) □ inspectorate  /-rət/ n.  □ inspectorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ inspectorship  n.   [Latin (as INSPECT)]

inspector general n.  a chief inspector 监察长；监察主任

inspector of taxes n. (in the UK) an official of the Inland Revenue responsible for collecting taxes (英国)税务稽察员，税务员

inspiration /inspiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a supposed force or influence on poets, artists, musicians, etc., stimulating creativity, ideas, etc. (诗人、艺术家、音乐家等的)灵感b  a person, principle, faith, etc. as a source of esp. artistic creativity or moral fervour (尤指作为艺术创作、道德热情的源泉的)人(原则、信念等)c  a similar divine influence supposed to have led to the writing of Scripture etc. 神灵感应，据说由此写出圣经 2  a sudden brilliant, creative, or timely idea 心血来潮的好主意，妙计 3  a drawing in of breath; inhalation 进气；吸气 □ inspirational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin inspiratio -onis (as INSPIRE)]

inspirator /ˈinspireitə/ n.  an apparatus for drawing in air or vapour 吸气器，吸入器 [Late Latin (as INSPIRE)]

inspire /inˈspaiə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  stimulate or arouse (a person) to esp. creative activity or moral fervour 激励；鼓励  inspired her to write  激励她去写作 inspired by God  受到上帝的激励 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  animate (a person) with a feeling (用感情)激发(某人)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  instil (a feeling) into a person etc. (给某人等)注入(感情)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  create (a feeling) in a person 使(某人)产生(感情) 3  prompt; give rise to 引起；促成  the poem was inspired by the autumn  这首诗的创作灵感来自秋天 4 (as 作 inspired adj.)  a (of a work of art etc.) as if prompted by or emanating from a supernatural source; characterized by inspiration (艺术作品等)凭灵感的；激励人的  an inspired speech  受灵感启发而发表的讲话b (of a guess) intuitive but accurate (猜测)靠直觉但准确的 5 (also absol. [亦含宾])  breathe in (air etc.); inhale 吸入(空气等)；吸入 □ inspiratory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ inspiredly  /-ridli/ adv.  □ inspirer  n.  □ inspiring  adj.  □ inspiringly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French inspirer from Latin inspirare ‘breathe in’ (as IN-2, spirare ‘breathe’)]

inspirit /inˈspirit/ v. tr. (inspirited, inspiriting)  1  put life into; animate 使振作；使振奋 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  encourage (a person) 鼓舞；激励(某人) □ inspiriting  adj.  □ inspiritingly  adv.  

inspissate /inˈspiseit/ v. tr. literary  thicken; condense [文学用语]使浓厚；使浓缩 □ inspissation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin inspissare inspissat- (as IN-2, Latin spissus ‘thick’)]

inspissator /ˈinspiseitə/ n.  an apparatus for thickening serum etc. by heat 蒸浓器

inst. /inst/ abbr. [缩略]  1  = INSTANTadj. 4  the 6th inst.  本月 6 日  2  institute  3  institution 

instability /instəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a lack of stability 不稳定(性) 2 Psychol.  unpredictability in behaviour etc. 【心】(行为等的)不可预知性 3  an instance of instability 动乱事件，不稳定的现象 [Middle English via French instabilité from Latin instabilitas -tatis from instabilis (as IN-1, STABLE1)]

install /inˈstɔ:l/ v. tr. (also 亦作 instal) (installed, installing)  1  place (equipment, machinery, etc.) in position ready for use 安装(设备、机器等) 2  place (a person) in an office or rank with ceremony (某人)正式就职  installed in the office of chancellor  就任大臣之职 3  establish (oneself, a person, etc.) in a place, condition, etc. 安顿，安置(自己、某人等)  installed herself at the head of the table  她自己坐在桌子的上首 □ installant  adj. & n.  □ installer  n.   [medieval Latin installare (as IN-2, stallare from stallum STALL1)]

installation /instəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of installing 安装；设置b  the process or an instance of being installed 安装的过程，安装 2  a  a large piece of equipment etc. installed for use 大件设备，装备b  a subsidiary military or industrial establishment 军事(工业)设施 3  an art exhibit constructed within a gallery etc. (设在美术馆等的)艺术展览会 [medieval Latin installatio (as INSTALL)]

instalment /inˈstɔ:lm(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] installment)  1  a sum of money due as one of several usu. equal payments for something, spread over an agreed period of time (分期付款的每期)摊付金 2  any of several parts, esp. of a television or radio serial or a magazine story, published or shown in sequence at intervals (电视、广播、杂志等)分期连播(载)的部分；一集 [alteration of obsolete estallment from Anglo-French estalement, from estaler ‘fix’: probably associated with INSTALLATION]

instalment plan n.  payment by instalments, esp. hire purchase 分期付款法(尤指购物)

instance /ˈinst(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an example or illustration of 实例；例证  just another instance of his lack of determination  是他缺乏决断力的又一个例证 2  a particular case 特殊情况  that's not true in this instance  在这种情况下那不是真实的 3 Law  a legal suit 【法律】诉讼手续 ●v. tr.  cite (a fact, case, etc.) as an instance 引证(事实、案件等)作为例证 □ at the instance of   at the request or suggestion of 应…的请求(提议)□ for instance   as an example 例如□ in the first (or second etc.) instance   in the first (or second etc.) place; at the first (or second etc.) stage of a proceeding 首先，第一(第二等)；第一(第二等)阶段 [Middle English via Old French from Latin instantia (as INSTANT)]

instancy /ˈinst(ə)nsi/ n.  1  urgency 紧迫 2  pressing nature 紧迫性 [Latin instantia: see INSTANCE]

instant /ˈinst(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  occurring immediately 立即的  gives an instant result  立即给出结果 2  a (of food etc.) processed to allow quick preparation (食品等)速食的b  prepared hastily and with little effort 准备快速而方便的  I have no instant solution  我没有即时解决方案 3  urgent; pressing 紧急的；急迫的 4 Commerce  of the current month 【商业】本月  the 6th instant  本月 6 日 5 archaic  of the present moment [古义]现时的，此刻的 ●n.  1  a precise moment of time, esp. the present 某一时刻；(尤指)此时  come here this instant  此刻就到这里来 told you the instant I heard  我一听到就告诉你了 2  a short space of time 瞬息，刹那  was there in an instant  马上就到了那里 [Middle English via French from Latin instare instant- ‘be present, press upon’ (as IN-2, stare ‘stand’)]

instantaneous /inst(ə)nˈteiniəs/ adj.  1  occurring or done in an instant or instantly 瞬间发生(做)的；即刻的 2 Physics  existing at a particular instant 【物理学】瞬时的；即时的 □ instantaneity  /-təˈni:iti, -təˈneiiti/ n.  □ instantaneously  adv.  □ instantaneousness  n.   [medieval Latin instantaneus from Latin instans (as INSTANT), suggested by ecclesiastical Latin momentaneus]

instanter /inˈstæntə/ adv. archaic or joc.  immediately; at once [古义] [诙]立刻；马上 [Latin from instans (as INSTANT)]

instantiate /inˈstænʃieit/ v. tr.  represent by an instance 用具体例子说明 □ instantiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin instantia: see INSTANCE]

instantly /ˈinst(ə)ntli/ adv.  1  immediately; at once 立刻；马上 2 archaic  urgently; pressingly [古义]紧急地；急迫地

instant replay n.  the immediate repetition of part of a filmed sports event, often in slow motion (常以慢镜头)即时重放(拍摄的体育项目片段)

instar /ˈinstɑ:/ n.  a stage in the life of an insect etc. between two periods of moulting (昆虫等两次蜕皮之间的虫期)龄 [Latin, = form]

instate /inˈsteit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  install; establish 任命；安置 [IN-2 + STATE]

in statu pupillari /in ˌstætju: pju:piˈlɑ:ri/ adj.  1  under guardianship, esp. as a pupil (尤指小学生)处于监护人监护之下 2  in a junior position at university; not having a master's degree (大学中)地位较低的；未获硕士学位的 [Latin]

instauration /instɔ:ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1  restoration; renewal 恢复；更新 2  an act of instauration 恢复(更新)的行为 □ instaurator  /ˈinstɔ:reitə/ n.   [Latin instauratio from instaurare (as IN-2: cf. RESTORE)]

instead /inˈsted/ adv.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  as a substitute or alternative to; in place of 代替；顶替；更换  instead of this one  替换这一个 stayed instead of going  留下不去 2  as an alternative (cf. 参见 STEAD) 作为替代  took me instead  由我替代 [Middle English, from IN + STEAD]

instep /ˈinstep/ n.  1  the inner arch of the foot between the toes and the ankle 脚背，足弓 2  the part of a shoe etc. fitting over or under this (鞋等)覆盖脚背部分，鞋面 3  a thing shaped like an instep 脚背形的东西 [Middle English: ultimately formed as IN-2 + STEP, but immediate origin uncertain]

instigate /ˈinstiɡeit/ v. tr.  1  bring about by incitement or persuasion; provoke 煽动；挑动  who instigated the inquiry?  谁煽动质询的？ 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  urge on, incite (a person etc.) to esp. an evil act (尤指)唆使；怂恿(某人等做坏事) □ instigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ instigator  n.   [Latin instigare instigat-]

instil /inˈstil/ v. tr. (US [美] instill) (instilled, instilling) (often foll. by 常后跟 in or into)  1  introduce (a feeling, idea, etc.) into a person's mind etc. gradually (逐步给某人)灌输(感情、思想等) 2  put (a liquid) into something in drops 滴注(液体) □ instillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ instilment  n.   [Latin instillare (as IN-2, stillare ‘drop’): cf. DISTIL]

instinct n. & adj. ●n. /ˈinstiŋ(k)t/  1  a  an innate, usu. fixed, pattern of behaviour in most animals in response to certain stimuli (许多动物的)天性；本能b  a similar propensity in human beings to act without conscious intention; innate impulsion (人类)生性；固有的冲动 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  unconscious skill; intuition 直觉 ●predic. adj. /inˈstiŋ(k)t/ (foll. by 后跟 with)  imbued, filled (with life, beauty, force, etc.) 充满着(生气、美、力量等)的 □ instinctual  /-ˈstiŋ(k)tjʊəl/ adj.  □ instinctually  /-ˈstiŋ(k)tjʊəli/ adv.   [Middle English, = ‘impulse’, from Latin instinctus from instinguere ‘incite’ (as IN-2, stinguere stinct- ‘prick’)]

instinctive /inˈstiŋ(k)tiv/ adj.  1  relating to or prompted by instinct 与本能有关的；出于天性的 2  apparently unconscious or automatic 明显无意识的，自动的  an instinctive reaction  出于本能的反应 □ instinctively  adv.  

institute /ˈinstitju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a society or organization for the promotion of science, education, etc. 科研或教育单位b  a building used by an institute 上述单位所在的建筑物 2 Law 【法律】 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a digest of the elements of a legal subject 法理概要；法规汇编  Institutes of Justinian  《查士丁尼法典》 3  a principle of instruction 指导原则，规则 ●v. tr.  1  establish; found 设立；建立 2  a  initiate (an inquiry etc.) 着手(调查等)b  begin (proceedings) in a court (法院)开始诉讼 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, into)  appoint (a person) as a cleric in a church etc. (教堂)授予(某人)以圣职 [Middle English from Latin institutum ‘design, precept’, neut. past part. of instituere ‘establish, arrange, teach’ (as IN-2, statuere ‘set up’)]

institution /instiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of instituting 设立；建立 2  a  a society or organization founded esp. for charitable, religious, educational, or social purposes (尤指以慈善、宗教、教育及社会为目的的)社团(组织)b  a building used by an institution 社团组织所在的建筑物 3  an established law, practice, or custom 已公认和实行了的法律，习惯，风俗 4 colloq. (of a person, a custom, etc.) a familiar object [口]家喻户晓的人(习俗等) 5  the establishment of a cleric etc. in a church, parish, etc. (牧师的)被授予圣职 [Middle English via Old French from Latin institutio -onis (as INSTITUTE)]

institutional /instiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like an institution 具有社团组织性质的；如同公共机构的 2  typical of institutions, esp. in being regimented or unimaginative 规定的；惯例的  the food was dreadfully institutional  总是老一套的食品 3 (of religion) expressed or organized through institutions (Churches etc.) (宗教)通过(教会等)社团组织表达或组织的 4 (of advertising) intended to create prestige rather than immediate sales (广告)主要为建立企业产品声誉而非直接促销的 □ institutionalism  n.  □ institutionally  adv.  

institutionalize /instiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (as 作 institutionalized adj.)  a (of a prisoner, a long-term patient, etc.) made apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution (犯人或长期病人)因长期监禁或住院而变得冷漠和产生依赖性的b  established in practice or custom 使成为习惯(风俗)的  institutionalized secrecy  习惯性保密 2  place or keep (a person) in an institution 把(人)送进收容机构 3  convert into an institution; make institutional 改变成为收容机构；成为收容机构 □ institutionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

in-store /ˈinstɔ:, -ˈstɔ:/ adj. & adv.  within a store 在商店里的(地)；库存的(地)  in-store bakery  现烤现卖面包店

Inst.P. abbr. (in the UK) Institute of Physics [缩略] (英国)物理学会

instruct /inˈstrʌkt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  teach (a person) a subject etc. 教(某人)；讲授  instructed her in French  教她法语 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  direct; command 指示；命令  instructed him to fill in the hole  命令他把洞填满 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that etc. + clause)  inform (a person) of a fact etc. 通知(某人) 4 Brit. [英]  a (of a client or solicitor) give information to (a solicitor or counsel) (当事人或律师)向(律师或法律顾问)提供情况b  authorize (a solicitor or counsel) to act for one 授权(律师或法律顾问)代理 [Middle English from Latin instruere instruct- ‘build, teach’ (as IN-2, struere ‘pile up’)]

instruction /inˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a direction; an order 指示；命令  gave him his instructions  给他指示 2  teaching; education 教学；教育  took a course of instruction  修一门课程 3 Brit. Law [英]【法律】 (in pl. 用复数)  directions to a solicitor or counsel (给律师或法律顾问的)法律要点说明 4 Computing  a direction in a computer program defining and effecting an operation 【计算】(计算机的)指令 □ instructional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin instructio -onis (as INSTRUCT)]

instructive /inˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  tending to instruct; conveying a lesson; enlightening 有教育意义的；有教益的；有启发性的  found the experience instructive  发现该经验是有启发性的 □ instructively  adv.  □ instructiveness  n.  

instructor /inˈstrʌktə/ n. (fem. instructress /-ˈstrʌktris/)  1  a person who instructs; a teacher, demonstrator, etc. 教练；教员(教讲师等) 2 N. Amer.  a university teacher ranking below assistant professor [北美]大学讲师 □ instructorship  n.  

instrument /ˈinstrʊm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tool or implement, esp. for delicate or scientific work (尤指精密的、科学的)仪器；器具 2 (in full 全称 musical instrument)  a device for producing musical sounds by vibration, wind, percussion, etc. 乐器 3  a  a thing used in performing an action 手段；工具  the meeting was an instrument in his success  开那次会是他成功的手段b  a person made use of 被利用的人  is merely their instrument  只是他们的工具 4  a measuring device, esp. in a car or aircraft, serving to gauge position, speed, etc. (汽车、飞机的)测试仪表 5  a formal, esp. legal, document (尤指具有法律效力的)文书；证件 ●v. tr.  1  arrange (music) for instruments 给乐器编曲 2  equip with instruments (for measuring, recording, controlling, etc.) 为(测量、记录、监控等)装备仪表 [Middle English from Old French instrument or Latin instrumentum (as INSTRUCT)]

instrumental /instrʊˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, in, or in + verbal noun)  serving as an instrument or means 作为手段(工具)的  was instrumental in finding the money  寻找钱财的手段 2 (of music) performed on instruments, without singing (cf. 参见 VOCAL) (乐曲)用乐器演奏的(非声乐的) 3  of, or arising from, an instrument 仪表的；由仪器引起的  instrumental error  仪表误差 4 Gram.  of or in the instrumental 【语法】工具格的；工具格词缀的 ●n.  1  a piece of music performed by instruments, not by the voice (乐器演奏的)器乐曲 2 Gram.  the case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating a means or instrument 【语法】名词和代词的工具格 □ instrumentalist  /-ˈment(ə)list/ n.  □ instrumentality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ instrumentally  adv.   [Middle English via French from medieval Latin instrumentalis (as INSTRUMENT)]

instrumentation /ˌinstrʊmenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the arrangement or composition of music for a particular group of musical instruments 器乐的谱写b  the instruments used in any one piece of music (演奏乐曲中的)乐器 2  a  the design, provision, or use of instruments in industry, science, etc. (工业、科研等中)仪表设计(供应、使用)b  such instruments collectively 检测仪器(总称) [French from instrumenter (as INSTRUMENT)]

instrument panel n. (also 亦作 instrument board)  a surface, esp. in a car or aeroplane, containing the dials etc. of measuring devices (尤指汽车、飞机的)仪表板

insubordinate /insəˈbɔ:dinət/ adj.  disobedient; rebellious 不服从的；反抗的 □ insubordinately  adv.  □ insubordination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

insubstantial /insəbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  lacking solidity or substance 不坚固的；无实体的 2  not real 不实在的 □ insubstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ insubstantially  adv.   [Late Latin insubstantialis (as IN-1, SUBSTANTIAL)]

insufferable /inˈsʌf(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  intolerable 不能容忍的 2  unbearably arrogant or conceited etc. 非常傲慢、自负的等 □ insufferableness  n.  □ insufferably  adv.  

insufficiency /insəˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n.  1  the condition of being insufficient 缺乏 2 Med.  the inability of an organ to perform its normal function 【医】(器官)机能不全  renal insufficiency  肾机能不全 [Middle English from Late Latin insufficientia (as INSUFFICIENT)]

insufficient /insəˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  not sufficient; inadequate 不充足的；不充分的 □ insufficiently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin insufficiens (as IN-1, SUFFICIENT)]

insufflate /ˈinsəfleit/ v. tr.  1 Med. 【医】  a  blow or breathe (air, gas, powder, etc.) into a cavity of the body etc. 把(空气、雾气、粉剂等)吹入(吸入)体腔b  treat (the nose etc.) in this way (用此法)喷入(鼻子等) 2 Theol.  blow or breathe on (a person) to symbolize spiritual influence 【神】对(某人)吹气(表示送入神感) □ insufflation  /-ˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin insufflare insufflat- (as IN-2, sufflare ‘blow upon’)]

insufflator /ˈinsəfleitə/ n.  1  a device for blowing powder on to a surface in order to make fingerprints visible 指纹印显示器(用来吹药粉于罪犯作案处使指纹清晰可见) 2  an instrument for insufflating 吹粉器

insular /ˈinsjʊlə/ adj.  1  a  of or like an island 岛屿的；似海岛的b  separated or remote, like an island 孤立的；隔绝的 2  ignorant of or indifferent to cultures, peoples, etc., outside one's own experience; narrow-minded 保守的，心胸狭隘的 3  of a variant of Latin handwriting current in Britain and Ireland in the Middle Ages 不列颠拉丁字体的 4 (of climate) equable (气候)无变化的 □ insularism  n.  □ insularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ insularly  adv.   [Late Latin insularis (as INSULATE)]

insulate /ˈinsjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  prevent the passage of electricity, heat, or sound from (a thing, room, etc.) by interposing non-conductors 使(某物、房间等)隔热；隔音；绝缘 2  detach (a person or thing) from its surroundings; isolate 使(某人、物)隔绝；隔离 3 archaic  make (land) into an island [古义]使成岛 □ insulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin insula ‘island’ + -ATE3]

insulating tape n.  an adhesive tape used to cover exposed electrical wires etc. 绝缘胶带

insulator /ˈinsjʊleitə/ n.  1  a thing or substance used for insulation against electricity, heat, or sound 绝缘物(体)；绝热体；隔音物 2  an insulating device to support telegraph wires etc. 绝缘子 3  a device preventing contact between electrical conductors 绝缘装置

insulin /ˈinsjʊlin/ n. Biochem.  a polypeptide hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood, and the lack of which causes diabetes 【生化】胰岛素 [Latin insula ‘island’ + -IN]

insult v. & n. ●v. tr. /inˈsʌlt/  1  speak to or treat with scornful abuse or indignity 辱骂；侮辱 2  offend the self-respect or modesty of 冒犯；攻击 ●n. /ˈinsʌlt/  1  an insulting remark or action 侮辱的话语；蔑视的行为 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  something so worthless or contemptible as to be offensive 侮辱；凌辱  an insult to his intelligence  对他才智的侮辱 3 Med. 【医】  a  an agent causing damage to the body 损害身体的药剂b  such damage (药剂造成的)损害 □ insulter  n.  □ insulting  adj.  □ insultingly  adv.   [French insulte or Latin insultare (as IN-2, saltare, frequentative of salire salt- ‘leap’)]

insuperable /inˈsu:p(ə)rəb(ə)l, -ˈsju:-/ adj.  1 (of a barrier) impossible to surmount (障碍)不可逾越的 2 (of a difficulty etc.) impossible to overcome (困难等)不能克服的 □ insuperability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ insuperably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French insuperable or Latin insuperabilis (as IN-1, SUPERABLE)]

insupportable /insəˈpɔ:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to be endured 难以忍受的 2  unjustifiable 不合道理的 □ insupportableness  n.  □ insupportably  adv.   [French (as IN-1, SUPPORT)]

insurance /inˈʃʊər(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of insuring 保险；保险行为 2  a  a sum paid for this; a premium 保险金；保险费b  a sum paid out as compensation for theft, damage, loss, etc. 保险赔偿金 3  the business of providing insurance policies 保险业 4  = INSURANCE POLICY  5  a measure taken to provide for a possible contingency 预防措施  take an umbrella as insurance  带着伞以防万一 [earlier ensurance from Old French enseürance (as ENSURE)]

insurance agent n. Brit.  a person employed to collect premiums door to door [英] (上门收取保险费的)保险代理人

insurance broker n.  an agent selling insurance 保险经纪人

insurance company n.  a company engaged in the business of insurance 保险公司

insurance policy n.  1  a contract of insurance 保险契约 2  a document detailing such a policy and constituting a contract 保险单

insurance stamp n. Brit.  a stamp certifying the payment of a sum, usu. paid weekly, for National Insurance [英]保险印花

insure /inˈʃʊə/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against; also absol. [亦含宾])  secure the payment of a sum of money in the event of loss or damage to (property, life, a person, etc.) by regular payments or premiums (cf. 参见 ASSURE 3) 给(财产、生命、人身等)保险  insured the house for £ 100,000  给房屋保 10 万英镑 we have insured against flood damage  我们已经保了水灾险 2 (of the owner of a property, an insurance company, etc.) secure the payment of (a sum of money) in this way (业主)投保；(保险公司等)承保 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  provide for (a possible contingency) 提供(预防措施)  insured themselves against the rain by taking umbrellas  他们带着伞以防下雨 4 US [美]  = ENSURE  □ insurable  adj.  □ insurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English, variant of ENSURE]

insured /inˈʃʊəd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  covered by insurance 在保险范围以内的 ●n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a person etc. covered by insurance 被保人；保户

insurer /inˈʃʊərə/ n.  1  a person or company offering insurance policies for premiums; an underwriter 承保人；保险公司；保险商 2  a person who takes out insurance 保险者

insurgent /inˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rising in active revolt 起义的，造反的 2 (of the sea etc.) rushing in (海水等)汹涌而来的 ●n.  a rebel; a revolutionary 起义者；革命者 □ insurgence  n.  □ insurgency  n. (pl. -ies)   [French, from Latin insurgere insurrect- (as IN-2, surgere ‘rise’)]

insurmountable /insəˈmaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be surmounted or overcome 不可逾越的；难以克服的 □ insurmountably  adv.  

insurrection /insəˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a rising in open resistance to established authority; a rebellion 起义；叛乱 □ insurrectionary  adj.  □ insurrectionist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin insurrectio -onis (as INSURGENT)]

insusceptible /insəˈseptib(ə)l/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, to)  not susceptible (of treatment, to an influence, etc.) 不易治疗的；不为所动的 □ insusceptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

in-swinger /ˈinswiŋə/ n.  1 Cricket  a ball bowled with a swing towards the batsman 【板球】(投手投出的)内弧线球 2 Football  a pass or kick that sends the ball curving towards the goal 【足球】(踢向球门的)弧线球

int. abbr. [缩略]  1  interior  2  internal  3  international 

intact /inˈtækt/ adj.  1  entire; unimpaired 完整无缺的；未受损伤的 2  untouched 未经触动的 □ intactness  n.   [Middle English from Latin intactus (as IN-1, tactus, past part. of tangere ‘touch’)]

intagliated /inˈtælieitid/ adj.  decorated with surface carving 凹雕的 [Italian intagliato, past part. of intagliare ‘cut into’]

intaglio /inˈtæliəʊ, -ˈtɑ:l-/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a gem with an incised design (cf. 参见 CAMEO) 阴雕宝石 2  an engraved design 凹雕纹饰 3  a carving, esp. incised, in hard material (尤指在硬物上的)凹雕 4  a process of printing from an engraved design 凹版印刷术 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  engrave (material) with a sunk pattern or design 在(某物上)雕刻凹纹 2  engrave (such a design) 凹雕(图案) [Italian (as INTAGLIATED)]

intake /ˈinteik/ n.  1  a  the action of taking in 吸入的动作b  an instance of this 吸入的实例 2  a  a number (of people etc.) or the amount taken in or received (人等的)纳入量；接受量  this year's intake of students  今年招收的学生(数)b  such people etc. 被收纳的人(等) 3  a place where water is taken into a channel or pipe from a river, or fuel or air enters an engine etc. (水、燃料、气体流入沟、管、发动机等的)入口 4  an airway into a mine (矿井的)进风巷道 5 N. Engl.  land reclaimed from a moor etc. [英格兰北部] (从沼泽等开拓的)垦地

intangible /inˈtæn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unable to be touched; not solid 触摸不到的；无形的 2  unable to be grasped mentally 难以捉摸的 ●n.  something that cannot be precisely measured or assessed 无形(或无法估量)的东西 □ intangibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ intangibly  adv.   [French intangible or medieval Latin intangibilis (as IN-1, TANGIBLE)]

intarsia /inˈtɑ:siə/ n.  1  a  the craft of using wood inlays, esp. as practised in 15th-c. Italy (尤指 15 世纪意大利的)细木镶嵌工艺b  similar inlaid work in stone, metal, or glass (在石料、金属、玻璃上的)镶嵌工艺 2  a method of knitting with a number of colours in which a separate length or ball of yarn is used for each area of colour (as opposed to different yarns being carried at the back of the work) (编织)嵌花工艺 [Italian intarsio]

integer /ˈintidʒə/ n.  1  a whole number 整数 2  a thing complete in itself 完整物；统一体 [Latin (adj.) = untouched, whole: see ENTIRE]

integral adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈintiɡr(ə)l, disp. [异议] inˈteɡr(ə)l/  1  a  of a whole or necessary to the completeness of a whole 完整的；构成整体所必需的b  forming a whole 组成整体的  integral design  整体设计c  whole, complete 整体的；完全的 2 Math. 【数】  a  of or denoted by an integer 整数的；由整数表示的b  involving only integers, esp. as coefficients of a function 只包括整数的(尤指函数的系数) ●n. /ˈintiɡr(ə)l/ Math. 【数】  1  a quantity of which a given function is the derivative, i.e. which yields that function when differentiated, and which may express the area under the curve of a graph of the function (see 见 DEFINITE INTEGRAL, INDEFINITE INTEGRAL) 积分 2  a function satisfying a given differential equation 整函数 □ integrality  /-ˈɡræliti/ n.  □ integrally  adv.   [Late Latin integralis (as INTEGER)]■Usage 用法说明 The alternative pronunciation given for the adjective, with the stress on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 该词的形容词形式有两种发音，有人认为重音在第二个音节上的发音是不正确的。 

integral calculus n.  mathematics concerned with finding integrals, their properties and application, etc. (cf. 参见 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) 积分(学)

integrand /ˈintiɡrænd/ n. Math.  a function that is to be integrated 【数】被积函数 [Latin integrandus, gerundive of integrare: see INTEGRATE]

integrant /ˈintiɡr(ə)nt/ adj. (of parts) making up a whole; component (由部分)构成整体的；组成的 [French intégrant from intégrer (as INTEGRATE)]

integrate v. & adj. ●v. /ˈintiɡreit/  1 tr.  a  combine (parts) into a whole 由(部分)结合(成整体)b  complete (an imperfect thing) by the addition of parts 使(不完善的东西)完整 2 tr. & intr.  bring or come into equal participation in or membership of society, a school, etc. 使获得平等待遇 3 tr.  desegregate, esp. racially (a school etc.) (尤指在学校等)取消种族隔离 4 tr. Math. 【数】  a  find the integral of 求…的积分b (as 作 integrated adj.)  indicating the mean value or total sum of (temperature, an area, etc.) 表示(温度、面积等的)总数(平均值) ●adj. /ˈintiɡrət/  1  made up of parts 由部分合成的 2  whole; complete 整体的；完全的 □ integrable  /ˈintiɡrəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ integrability  /ˌintiɡrəˈbiliti/ n.  □ integrative  /ˈintiɡrətiv/ adj.   [Latin integrare integrat- ‘make whole’ (as INTEGER)]

integrated circuit n.  a small chip etc. of material incorporating the functions of sereral components of an electric circuit 集成电路

integrated services digital network n.  a telecommunications network through which sound, images, and data can be transmitted as digitized signals 综合业务数字网

integration /intiˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of integrating 结合；综合；融合(的行为与实例) 2  the intermixing of persons previously segregated (取消种族隔离后人们的)融合；混合 3 Psychol.  the combination of the diverse elements of perception etc. in a personality 【心】整合作用 □ integrationist  n.   [Latin integratio (as INTEGRATE)]

integrator /ˈintiɡreitə/ n.  1  an instrument for indicating or registering the total amount or mean value of some physical quality, as area, temperature, etc. 积分仪，求积器 2  a person or thing that integrates 综合者；合成物

integrity /inˈteɡriti/ n.  1  moral uprightness; honesty 正直；诚实 2  wholeness; soundness 完整；健全 [Middle English from French intégrité or Latin integritas (as INTEGER)]

integument /inˈteɡjʊm(ə)nt/ n.  a natural outer covering, as a skin, husk, rind, etc. (如皮肤、壳、果皮等的)包在外面的东西 □ integumental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ integumentary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin integumentum from integere (as IN-2, tegere ‘cover’)]

intellect /ˈintəlekt/ n.  1  a  the faculty of reasoning, knowing, and thinking, as distinct from feeling 思维能力b  the understanding or mental powers (of a particular person etc.) (特定人等的)理解力；智力  his intellect is not great  他智力平平 2  a  a clever or knowledgeable person 才智出众的人b  the intelligentsia regarded collectively 知识界，知识分子(总称)  the combined intellect of four universities  4 所大学的所有知识分子 [Middle English from Old French intellect or Latin intellectus ‘understanding’ (as INTELLIGENT)]

intellection /intiˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the action or process of understanding (opp. 反义 IMAGINATION) 思维活动(过程) □ intellective  adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin intellectio (as INTELLIGENT)]

intellectual /intiˈlektʃʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the intellect 智力的；与智力有关的 2  possessing a high level of understanding or intelligence 理解力强的；高智商的 3  requiring, or appealing to, the intellect 需智力的；用脑筋的 ●n.  a person possessing a highly developed intellect 高智商的人 □ intellectuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ intellectualize  /-ˈlektʃʊəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ intellectually  adv.   [Middle English from Latin intellectualis (as INTELLECT)]

intellectualism /intiˈlektʃʊəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  the exercise, esp. when excessive, of the intellect at the expense of the emotions 偏重智力 2 Philos.  the theory that knowledge is wholly or mainly derived from pure reason 【哲】理智主义，唯理智论 □ intellectualist  n.  

intellectual property n. Law  non-tangible property that is the result of creativity, such as patents, copyrights, etc. 【法律】知识产权(如专利权、版权等)

intelligence /inˈtelidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the intellect; the understanding 智力；理解力b (of a person or an animal) quickness of understanding; wisdom (人、动物)悟性；才智 2  a  the collection of information, esp. of military or political value 收集(尤指有军事、政治价值的)情报b  people employed in this 情报人员c  information so collected (间谍收集的)情报d archaic  information in general; news [古义]谍报；新闻 3  an intelligent or rational being 有才智的人，理解力强的人 □ intelligential  /-ˈdʒenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin intelligentia (as INTELLIGENT)]

intelligence department n.  a usu. government department engaged in collecting esp. secret information (通常为政府的)情报部门，情报局

intelligence quotient n.  a number denoting the ratio of a person's intelligence to the statistical norm, 100 being average 智力商数，智商(个人的智力水平与标准水平之比，平均数为 100)

intelligence test n.  a test designed to measure intelligence rather than acquired knowledge 智力(智能)测验

intelligent /inˈtelidʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  having or showing intelligence, esp. of a high level 有才智的；理解力强的 2  quick of mind; clever 有灵性的；聪颖的 3  a (of a device or machine) able to vary its behaviour in response to varying situations and requirements and past experience (设备、机器)智能的b (esp. of a computer terminal) having its own data-processing capability; incorporating a microprocessor (opp. 反义 DUMB) (尤指计算机终端)有数据处理能力的；包括一个微处理器的 □ intelligently  adv.   [Latin intelligere intellect- ‘understand’ (as INTER-, legere ‘gather, pick out, read’)]

intelligentsia /inˌteliˈdʒentsiə/ n.  1  the class of intellectuals regarded as possessing culture and political initiative 知识界 2  people doing intellectual work; intellectuals 知识阶层；知识分子 [Russian via Polish inteligencja from Latin intelligentia (as INTELLIGENT)]

intelligible /inˈtelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  able to be understood; comprehensible 能被领悟的；可理解的 2 Philos.  able to be understood only by the intellect, not by the senses 【哲】仅能用智力了解的；概念的 □ intelligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ intelligibly  adv.   [Latin intelligibilis (as INTELLIGENT)]

Intelpost /ˈintelpəʊst/ n.  the international electronic transmission of messages and graphics by fax, telex, etc. (通过传真、电传等的)国际电子信息传输 [acronym from International Electronic Post]

Intelsat /ˈintelsæt/ n.  an international organization of countries operating a system of commercial communication satellites 国际通信卫星组织 [acronym from International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium]

intemperate /inˈtemp(ə)rət/ adj.  1 (of a person, conduct, or speech) immoderate; unbridled; violent (人、行为、发言)过度的；放纵的；激烈的  used intemperate language  使用了过激的语言 2  a  given to excessive indulgence in alcohol 纵酒的，酗酒的b  excessively indulgent in one's appetites 饮食无节制的 □ intemperance  n.  □ intemperately  adv.  □ intemperateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin intemperatus (as IN-1, TEMPERATE)]

intend /inˈtend/ v. tr.  1  have as one's purpose or intention 打算；想要  we intend to go  我们打算去 we intend going  我们想去 we intend that it shall be done  我们打算把那事做好 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  design or destine (a person or a thing) 计划；预定(某人、某事)  I intend him to go  我们计划他去 intended him for an academic career  准备让他在大学工作 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  mean 意指；意思是  what does he intend by that?  他那样意味着什么？ intended it as a warning  意思是把它作为一种警告 4 (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 常后跟 for)  a  be meant for a person to have or use etc. 打算使(某人)拥有  they are intended for the children  他们是打算给孩子们的b  be designed for 谋划；设计  intended for a small child's hand  为幼儿的小手设计的 5 (as 作 intending adj.)  who intends to be 预计中的  an intending visitor  预计将要来访的人 [Middle English entende, intende via Old French entendre, intendre from Latin intendere intent- or intens- ‘strain, direct, purpose’ (as IN-2, tendere ‘stretch, tend’)]

intendant /inˈtend(ə)nt/ n.  1 (esp. as a title of foreign officials) a superintendent or manager of a department of public business etc. (尤指外国行政人员的称呼)监督人；经理 2  the administrator of an opera house or theatre (歌剧院或剧场的)总监；主管 □ intendancy  n.   [French from Latin intendere (as INTEND)]

intended /inˈtendid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  done on purpose; intentional 意欲的；打算中的 2  designed, meant 设计的；预定的 ●n. colloq.  the person one intends to marry; one's fiancé or fiancée [口]未婚夫；未婚妻  is this your intended?  是你的未来那口子吗？ □ intendedly  adv.  

intense /inˈtens/ adj. (intenser, intensest)  1 (of a quality, feeling, etc.) existing in a high degree; extreme, forceful (性质、感情等)剧烈的；极端的；强烈的  intense joy  极高兴 intense cold  严寒 2  a (of a person) feeling, or apt to feel, strong emotion (人)热切的；易动感情的  very intense about her music  对她的音乐激动不已b  expressing strong emotion 热情的  a deeply intense poem  热情洋溢的诗篇 3 (of a colour) very strong or deep (色彩)深浓的 4 (of an action etc.) highly concentrated (行动等)高度紧张的  intense thought  思想紧张 □ intensely  adv.  □ intenseness  n.   [Middle English from Old French intens or Latin intensus (as INTEND)]■Usage 用法说明 Intense is sometimes confused with intensive and wrongly used to describe a course of study etc. 词语 intense 有时与 intensive 相混，被错误地用于描述课程等。 

intensifier /inˈtensifaiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that intensifies 加强者，增强物 2 Gram.  a word or prefix used to give force or emphasis 【语法】(词、前缀的)强调成分

intensify /inˈtensifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become intense or more intense 增强；强化 2 tr. Photog.  increase the opacity of (a negative) 【摄】加厚(底片阴纹)，加强(底片的)阻光度 □ intensification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

intension /inˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Logic  the internal content of a concept 【逻辑学】内涵 2 formal  the intensity, or high degree, of a quality [正式]增强；加剧；加强 3 formal  the strenuous exertion of the mind or will [正式]专心致志，决心 □ intensional  adj.  □ intensionally  adv.   [Latin intensio (as INTEND)]

intensity /inˈtensiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or an instance of being intense 强烈；剧烈；紧张 2 esp. Physics  the measurable amount of some quality, e.g. force, brightness, a magnetic field, etc. 【物理学】(如力、光、磁场等的)强度；烈度

intensive /inˈtensiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  thorough, vigorous; directed to a single point, area, or subject 透彻的；强烈的，集中的  intensive study  强化学习 intensive bombardment  密集轰炸 2  of or relating to intensity as opposed to extent; producing intensity 强化的；与强化有关的；使强化的 3  serving to increase production in relation to costs (cf. 参见 EXTENSIVE 3) 精耕细作的  intensive farming methods  精耕细作的耕作方法 4 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词) Econ.  making much use of 【经】集约经营的  a labour-intensive industry  劳动密集型工业 5 Gram. (of an adjective, adverb, etc.) expressing intensity; giving force or emphasis, as really in my feet are really cold 【语法】(形容词、副词等)加强词意的(如 really 在 my feet are really cold (我的脚真是冷极了)中 really 的作用) ●n. Gram.  an intensive adjective, adverb, etc.; an intensifier 【语法】加强形容词(副词等)；强化语 □ intensively  adv.  □ intensiveness  n.   [French intensif -ive or medieval Latin intensivus (as INTEND)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INTENSE. 见 INTENSE 的用法说明。 

intensive care n.  1  medical treatment with constant monitoring etc. of a dangerously ill patient 重病特别护理；重症监护 also, with hyphen, attrib. 亦加连字符作定语 : intensive-care unit  特别护理组 2  a part of a hospital devoted to this 重病特别护理(监护)区

intent /inˈtent/ n. & adj. ●n. (usu. without article 通常不带冠词)  intention; a purpose 意图；目的  with intent to defraud  怀有诈骗的目的 my intent to reach the top  我的目的是要到达顶上 with evil intent  怀有恶意 ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a  resolved; bent; determined 坚定的；一心的；下决心的  was intent on succeeding  一心要成功b  attentively occupied 专注的  intent on his books  专心读书 2 (esp. of a look) earnest; eager; meaningful (尤指神态)急切的；渴望的；有目的的 □ to all intents and purposes   practically; virtually 实际上；事实上□ intently  adv.  □ intentness  n.   [Middle English entent via Old French from Latin intentus (as INTEND)]

intention /inˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin., or of + verbal noun)  a thing intended; an aim or purpose 打算的事；意向；目的  it was not his intention to interfere  他不想干涉 have no intention of staying  无意留下 2  the act of intending 打算的行为  done without intention  无意而为之 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a person's, esp. a man's, designs in respect to marriage [口] (人，尤指男人的)求婚意图  are his intentions strictly honourable?  他求婚真的是一片诚心吗 ？ 4 Logic  a conception 【逻辑学】概念 □ intentioned  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English entencion via Old French from Latin intentio ‘stretching, purpose’ (as INTEND)]

intentional /inˈtenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  done on purpose 有意的，故意的 □ intentionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ intentionally  adv.   [French intentionnel or medieval Latin intentionalis (as INTENTION)]

intention tremor n.  a trembling of a part of a body when commencing a movement 意向震颤

inter /inˈtɜ:/ v. tr. (interred, interring)  deposit (a corpse etc.) in the earth, a tomb, etc.; bury 掩埋(尸体等)；埋葬 [Middle English via Old French enterrer from Romanic (as IN-2, Latin terra ‘earth’)]

inter- /ˈintə/ prefix  1  between, among (intercontinental 洲际的) 在…中间；在…之间 2  mutually, reciprocally (interbreed 品种间杂交) 相互的；互惠的 [Old French entre- or Latin inter ‘between, among’]

inter. abbr. [缩略]  intermediate 

interact /intərˈækt/ v. intr.  act reciprocally; act on each other 互相作用；互相影响 □ interactant  adj. & n.  

interaction /intərˈækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  reciprocal action or influence 相互作用；相互影响 2 Physics  the action of atomic and subatomic particles on each other 【物理学】原子与亚原子粒子间的相互作用 □ interactional  adj.  

interactive /intərˈæktiv/ adj.  1  reciprocally active; acting upon or influencing each other 相互作用的；相互影响的 2 (of a computer or other electronic device) allowing a two-way flow of information between it and a user, responding to the user's input (计算机或其他电子设备)具有人机对话功能的；交互的 □ interactively  adv.  □ interactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [INTERACT, on the pattern of active]

inter alia /intər ˈeiliə, ˈæliə/ adv.  among other things 除了别的因素之外；此外…还 [Latin]

inter-allied /intərˈælaid/ adj.  relating to two or more allies (in war etc.) (在战争等中)盟国之间的；盟军之间的

interarticular /intərɑ:ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.  between the contiguous surfaces of a joint 关节间的

interatomic /intərəˈtɒmik/ adj.  between atoms 原子间的

interbank /ˈintəbæŋk/ adj.  agreed, arranged, or operating between banks 银行间商定的，筹划的，运作的  interbank loan  银行间的贷款

interbed /intəˈbed/ v. tr. (-bedded, -bedding)  embed (one thing) among others 使(一物)嵌入其他物之间

interblend /intəˈblend/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  mingle (things) together 使(物)互相混合 2 intr.  blend with each other 搀合

interbreed /intəˈbri:d/ v. (past and past part. -bred /-ˈbred/) intr. & tr.  breed or cause to breed with members of a different stock, race, or species to produce a hybrid 使品种间杂交，使杂交繁殖

intercalary /inˈtɜ:kəl(ə)ri, intəˈkæl(ə)ri/ adj.  1  a (of a day or a month) inserted in the calendar to harmonize it with the solar year, e.g. 29 Feb. in leap years (指日或月)闰的(在日历中插入一天或一月使历年与太阳年相吻合，如闰年 2 月 29 日)b (of a year) having such an addition (年)闰年的 2  interpolated; intervening 插入的；添加的 [Latin intercalari(u)s (as INTERCALATE)]

intercalate /inˈtɜ:kəleit/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  insert (an intercalary day etc.) 设置(闰日等) 2  interpose (anything out of the ordinary course) 插入(某物) 3 (as 作 intercalated adj.) (of strata etc.) interposed (地层)夹在沉积岩层之间的 □ intercalation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin intercalare intercalat- ‘proclaim the insertion of a day etc.’ (as INTER-, calare ‘proclaim’)]

intercede /intəˈsi:d/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  interpose or intervene on behalf of another; plead 代为请求；说情，恳求  they interceded with the king for his life  他们向国王请求饶他一命 □ interceder  n.   [French intercéder or Latin intercedere intercess- ‘intervene’ (as INTER-, cedere ‘go’)]

intercellular /intəˈseljʊlə/ adj. Biol.  located or occurring between cells 【生】细胞间的

intercensal /intəˈsens(ə)l/ adj.  between two censuses 两次人口普查之间的

intercept v. & n. ●v. tr. /intəˈsept/  1  seize, catch, or stop (a person, message, vehicle, ball, etc.) going from one place to another 拦截；截住；截击(人、信息、车辆、球等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  cut off (light etc.) 截断，切断(光等) 3  check or stop (motion etc.) 阻止，中止(运动等) 4 Math.  mark off (a space) between two points etc. 【数】两点间截取(一段距离) ●n. /ˈintəsept/ Math.  the part of a line between two points of intersection with usu. the coordinate axes or other lines 【数】截距 □ interception  /-ˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interceptive  /-ˈseptiv/ adj.   [Latin intercipere intercept- (as INTER-, capere ‘take’)]

interceptor /intəˈseptə/ n.  1  an aircraft used to intercept enemy raiders 截击机 2  a person or thing that intercepts 拦截者；拦截物(器)

intercession /intəˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of interceding, esp. by prayer (尤指通过祈祷)求情 2  an instance of this, esp. a prayer on behalf of another (尤指通过代人祈祷)求情，代人祈祷 □ intercessional  adj.  □ intercessor  n.  □ intercessorial  /-seˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ intercessory  adj.   [French intercession or Latin intercessio (as INTERCEDE)]

interchange v. & n. ●v. tr. /intəˈtʃein(d)ʒ/  1 (of two people) exchange (things) with each other (两人间)互换(物品) 2  put each of (two things) in the other's place; alternate 使(两物)互相易位；使交替发生 ●n. /ˈintətʃein(d)ʒ/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a reciprocal exchange between two people etc. 互换 2  alternation 交替  the interchange of woods and fields  森林和原野交相显现 3  a road junction designed so that traffic streams do not intersect (公路)互通式立体交叉 □ interchangeable  adj.  □ interchangeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ interchangeableness  n.  □ interchangeably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French entrechangier (as INTER-, CHANGE)]

intercity /intəˈsiti/ adj. & n. ●adj.  existing or travelling between cities, esp. (作 InterCity Brit. propr. [英] [商标]) with reference to train travel 城市间的；市际的火车来往于城市间的 ●n. (pl. intercities)  a usu. fast train operating between cities 城际快速列车

inter-class /intəˈklɑ:s/ adj.  existing or conducted between different social classes 阶级之间的；各阶级之间进行的

intercollegiate /intəkəˈli:dʒ(i)ət/ adj.  existing or conducted between colleges or universities 学院之间的；大学之间的

intercolonial /intəkəˈləʊniəl/ adj.  existing or conducted between colonies 殖民地之间的；进行于殖民地之间的

intercom /ˈintəkɒm/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a system of intercommunication by radio or telephone between or within offices, aircraft, etc. (办公室之间或飞机之间等内部使用的无线电或电话)通话系统 2  an instrument used in this 内部通话设备 [abbreviation]

intercommunicate /intəkəˈmju:nikeit/ v. intr.  1  communicate reciprocally 相互通讯 2 (of rooms etc.) have free passage into each other; have a connecting door (房间等)互通；相通 □ intercommunication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ intercommunicative  /-kətiv/ adj.  

intercommunion /intəkəˈmju:njən/ n.  1  mutual fellowship, esp. mutual sharing of the Eucharist by Christian denominations 相互交融(尤指不同基督教派信徒共享圣餐) 2  mutual action or relationship 相互行动；相互关系

intercommunity /intəkəˈmju:niti/ n.  1  the quality of being common to various groups etc. (不同团体间的)共性 2  having things in common 共有

interconnect /intəkəˈnekt/ v. tr. & intr.  connect with each other 使互相连接 □ interconnection  /-ˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n.  

intercontinental /ˌintəkɒntiˈnent(ə)l/ adj.  connecting or travelling between continents 跨洲的；洲际进行的 □ intercontinentally  adv.  

interconvert /intəkənˈvɜ:t/ v. tr. & intr.  convert into each other (使)互相转换 □ interconversion  n.  □ interconvertible  adj.  

intercooler /ˈintəku:lə/ n.  an apparatus for cooling gas between successive compressions, esp. in a car or truck engine (尤指轿车、卡车发动机中的)中间冷却器 □ intercool  v. tr.  

intercorrelate /intəˈkɒrəleit, -ri-/ v. tr. & intr.  correlate with one another 使相互关联 □ intercorrelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

intercostal /intəˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj.  between the ribs (of the body or a ship) (身体或船)肋(骨)间的 □ intercostally  adv.  

intercounty /intəˈkaʊnti/ adj.  existing or conducted between counties 县与县之间的，县际的

intercourse /ˈintəkɔ:s/ n.  1  communication or dealings between individuals, nations, etc. (个人、国家等之间的)交往；沟通 2  = SEXUAL INTERCOURSE  3  communion between human beings and God 神交；灵交 [Middle English via Old French entrecours ‘exchange, commerce’, from Latin intercursus (as INTER-, currere curs- ‘run’)]

intercrop /intəˈkrɒp/ v. tr. (-cropped, -cropping) (also absol. [亦含宾])  raise (a crop) among plants of a different kind, usu. in the space between rows (常指垄间)间种；间作(作物) □ intercropping  n.  

intercross /intəˈkrɒs/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  lay or lie across each other (使)交叉 2  a intr. (of animals) breed with each other (动物)杂交b tr.  cause to do this 使杂交

intercrural /intəˈkrʊər(ə)l/ adj.  between the legs 股间的；腿间的

intercurrent /intəˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a time or event) intervening (时间或事件)介入的；插入的 2 Med. 【医】  a (of a disease) occurring during the progress of another (疾病)并发的b  recurring at intervals 间发的 [Latin intercurrere intercurrent- (as INTERCOURSE)]

intercut /intəˈkʌt/ v. tr. (-cutting; past and past part. -cut) Cinematog.  alternate (shots) with contrasting shots by cutting 【电影】使(镜头)交切

interdenominational /ˌintədinɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  concerning more than one (religious) denomination 涉及不同(宗教)教派的；派系间的 □ interdenominationally  adv.  

interdepartmental /ˌintədi:pɑ:tˈment(ə)l/ adj.  concerning more than one department 部门之间的 □ interdepartmentally  adv.  

interdepend /intədiˈpend/ v. intr.  depend on each other 互相依赖；互相依存 □ interdependence  n.  □ interdependency  n.  □ interdependent  adj.  

interdict n. & v. ●n. /ˈintədikt/  1  an authoritative prohibition (官方的)禁令；禁止 2 RC Ch.  a sentence debarring a person, or esp. a place, from ecclesiastical functions and privileges 【天主教】停止(某人，尤指某地的)圣事活动的命令，停止教权的命令 3 Sc. Law  an injunction [苏格兰]【法律】禁令 ●v. tr. /intəˈdikt/  1  prohibit (an action) 禁止(某活动) 2  forbid the use of 禁止使用 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from + verbal noun)  restrain (a person) 制止(某人) 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  forbid (a thing) to a person 禁止某人使用(某物) 5 US [美]  a Mil.  impede (an enemy force), esp. by bombing lines of communication or supply 【军】(以轰炸交通或供给线)阻断(敌军)b  intercept (a prohibited commodity); prevent (its movement) 拦截(违禁物品)；阻止(移动) □ interdiction  /-ˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interdictory  /-ˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French entredit from Latin interdictum past part. of interdicere interpose, forbid by decree (as INTER-, dicere say)]

interdigital /intəˈdidʒit(ə)l/ adj.  between the fingers or toes 指(趾)间的

interdigitate /intəˈdidʒiteit/ v. intr.  interlock like clasped fingers (似双手的手指)交叉对插 [INTER- + Latin digitus finger + -ATE3]

interdisciplinary /intəˈdisiplin(ə)ri, ˌintədisiˈplin(ə)ri/ adj.  of or between more than one branch of learning 学科间的；跨学科的

interest /ˈint(ə)rist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  concern; curiosity 关心；好奇  have no interest in fishing  对钓鱼不感兴趣b  a quality exciting curiosity or holding the attention 引起好奇和保持注意力的特性  this magazine lacks interest  这本杂志索然无味 2  a subject, hobby, etc., in which one is concerned 感兴趣的事(爱好)  his interests are gardening and sport  他感兴趣的事是园艺和体育 3  advantage or profit, esp. when financial (尤指财务方面的)利益；益处  it is in your interest to go  去对你有利 look after your own interests  照顾你自己的利益 4  money paid for the use of money lent, or for not requiring the repayment of a debt 利息 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  a  a financial stake (in an undertaking etc.) (在企业等中的)股份；股本b  a legal concern, title, or right (in property) (财产的)合法关系；股权；权利 6  a  a party or group having a common concern 同业  the brewing interest  酿造业者b  a principle in which a party or group is concerned 利害关系，共同关心的事 7  the selfish pursuit of one's own welfare, self-interest 私人好处；私利 ●v. tr.  1  excite the curiosity or attention of 使感兴趣；引起关注  your story interests me greatly  你的经历使我很感兴趣 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  cause (a person) to take a personal interest or share 使(某人)感兴趣(共享)  can I interest you in a holiday abroad?  我能邀您到国外共度假日吗？ 3 (as 作 interested adj.)  having a private interest; not impartial or disinterested 有私利的；有偏见的；不感兴趣的  an interested party  有关的当事人 □ at interest  (of money borrowed) on the condition that interest is payable (借款)按约定应付利息□ declare an (or one's) interest   make known one's financial etc. interests in an undertaking before it is discussed (讨论前) (对自己经济利益有关联的事)主张权利□ in the interest (or interests) of   as something that is advantageous to 为了，有助于□ lose interest   become bored or boring 不再感兴趣；不再引起兴趣□ with interest   1  with interest charged or paid 附利息；付利息 2  with increased force etc. 加重地  returned the blow with interest  加重回击□ interestedly  adv.  □ interestedness  n.   [Middle English, earlier interesse from Anglo-French from medieval Latin, alteration apparently after Old French interest, both from Latin interest, 3rd sing. present of interesse matter, make a difference (as INTER-, esse be)]

interesting /ˈint(ə)ristiŋ/ adj.  causing curiosity; holding the attention 引起好奇的，保持注意的 □ in an interesting condition  archaic  pregnant [古义]怀孕□ interestingly  adv.  □ interestingness  n.  

interface /ˈintəfeis/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Physics  a surface forming a common boundary between two regions (尤)【物理学】界面 2  a point where interaction occurs between two systems, processes, subjects, etc. 交接处；切点  the interface between psychology and education  心理学与教育学之间的边缘区 3 esp. Computing  an apparatus for connecting two pieces of equipment so that they can be operated jointly 【计算】(连接两设备使它们能一起运行的)接口 ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 tr. & intr.  connect (with another piece of equipment etc.) by an interface (用接口)连接(另一台设备) 2 intr.  interact with (another person etc.) (与另一人等)相互配合工作■Usage 用法说明 The use of the noun and the verb in sense 2 is deplored by some people, because it often reduces the word to a high-sounding synonym for boundary, meeting point, link, liaison, interact, etc. 有些人反对在释义 2 中使用名词及动词，因为该词常变成 boundary, meeting point, link, liaison, interact 等比较夸张的同义词。 

interfacial /intəˈfeiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  included between two faces of a crystal or other solid (晶体或其他固体)面间的；面际的 2  of or forming an interface 界面的；形成界面的

interfacing /ˈintəfeisiŋ/ n.  a stiffish material, esp. buckram, between two layers of fabric in collars etc. 硬衬，内衬(衣领等处夹在两层布料间的较硬织物尤指麻布)

interfaith /ˈintəfeiθ, -ˈfeiθ/ adj.  of, relating to, or between different religions or members of different religions (有关)不同宗教(信仰者)间的

interfemoral /intəˈfem(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  between the thighs 股间的；大腿间的

interfere /intəˈfiə/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a (of a person) meddle; obstruct a process etc. (某人)干涉；妨碍b (of a thing) be a hindrance; get in the way (某物)阻碍；抵触 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  take part or intervene, esp. without invitation or necessity (尤指未受邀或无必要时无端)干预；介入 3 (foll. by 后跟 with) Brit. euphem.  molest or assault sexually [英婉] (性)骚扰；性侵犯 4 Physics (of light or other waves) combine so as to cause interference 【物理学】(光、其他波)干扰 5 (of a horse) knock one leg against another (马)一脚碰在另一脚(踝)上 □ interferer  n.  □ interfering  adj.  □ interferingly  adv.   [Old French s'entreferir ‘strike each other’ (as INTER-, ferir from Latin ferire ‘strike’)]

interference /intəˈfiər(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  the act of interfering 干涉(阻碍)行为b  an instance of this 干涉(阻碍)实例 2  the fading or disturbance of received radio signals by the interference of waves from different sources, or esp. by atmospherics or unwanted signals (无线电信号的)衰减；扰乱 3 Physics  the combination of two or more wave motions to form a resultant wave in which the displacement is reinforced or cancelled 【物理学】(由于两个或多个波列的重合或抵消而产生的)相长干涉；相消干涉 □ interferential  /-fəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  

interferometer /intəfəˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring wavelengths etc. by means of interference phenomena 干涉仪 □ interferometric  /-ferəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ interferometrically  /-ferəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ interferometry  n.  

interferon /intəˈfiərɒn/ n. Biochem.  any of various proteins released by cells, usu. in response to a virus, and able to inhibit viral replication 【生化】(受病毒侵袭的细胞所释放出的抗病毒蛋白质)干扰素 [INTERFERE + -ON]

interfibrillar /intəˈfibrilə/ adj.  between fibrils 纤丝间的

interfile /intəˈfail/ v. tr.  1  file (two sequences) together 把(两个序列)合并成一宗档案 2  file (one or more items) into an existing sequence 把(一个或多个项目)归入现成系列

interflow /ˈintəfləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  flow into each other 互通 ●n.  the process or result of this 互通；交流

interfluent /intəˈflu:ənt/ adj.  flowing into each other 交流的 [Latin interfluere interfluent- (as INTER-, fluere ‘flow’)]

interfuse /intəˈfju:z/ v.  1 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  mix (a thing) with; intersperse 使(某物)融合；散布b  blend (things) together 混合(某物) 2 intr. (of two things) blend with each other (两物)搀和 □ interfusion  /-ˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin interfundere interfus- (as INTER-, fundere ‘pour’)]

intergalactic /intəɡəˈlæktik/ adj.  of or situated between two or more galaxies 星系际的；位于星系际的 □ intergalactically  adv.  

interglacial /intəˈɡleisiəl, -ʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a period of milder climate between glacial periods 间冰期的；与间冰期有关的 ●n.  such a period 间冰期

intergovernmental /ˌintəɡʌv(ə)nˈment(ə)l/ adj.  concerning or conducted between two or more governments 政府间的；政府间进行的 □ intergovernmentally  adv.  

intergradation /ˌintəɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of merging together by gradual change of the constituents 间渡过程；逐渐融合(过程)

intergrade /ˈintəɡreid/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  pass into another form by intervening grades 逐渐融合，渐次变迁 ●n.  such a grade 过渡形式，中间级

intergrowth /ˈintəɡrəʊθ/ n.  the growing of things into each other 交互生长；共生

interim /ˈint(ə)rim/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  the intervening time 间歇，期间  in the interim he had died  在此期间他去世了 ●adj.  intervening; provisional, temporary 期中的；临时的；暂时的 ●adv. archaic  meanwhile [古义]同时 [Latin, as INTER- + adv. suffix -im]

interim dividend n. Brit.  a dividend declared on the basis of less than a full year's results [英]期中股利

interior /inˈtiəriə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  inner 内部的 2  remote from the coast or frontier; inland 内陆的；内地的 3  internal; domestic 内政的；国内的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  situated further in or within 内面的；深藏的 5  existing in the mind or soul; inward 心灵的；精神的；内心的 6  drawn, photographed, etc. within a building 内景的 7  coming from inside 隐私的 ●n.  1  the interior part; the inside 内部；里面 2  the interior part of a country or region 内陆；内地 3  a  the home affairs of a country 内政b  a department dealing with these 处理内政事务的部门  Minister of the Interior  内政部长 4  a representation of the inside of a building or a room 内景  Dutch interior  荷兰内景画 5  the inner nature; the soul 内在性质；心灵 □ interiorize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ interiorly  adv.   [Latin, = inner, comparative adj. from inter ‘among’]

interior angle n.  the angle between adjacent sides of a rectilinear figure 内角

interior decoration n. (also 亦作 interior design)  the decoration or design of the interior of a building, a room, etc. 室内装饰

interior monologue n.  a form of writing expressing a character's inner thoughts 内心独白

interior-sprung adj. Brit. (of a mattress etc.) with internal springs [英] (垫子等)内装弹簧的

interject /intəˈdʒekt/ v. tr.  1  utter (words) abruptly or parenthetically 突然插(话) 2  interrupt with 插嘴，打断 □ interjectory  adj.   [Latin interjicere (as INTER-, jacere ‘throw’)]

interjection /intəˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  an exclamation, esp. as a part of speech (e.g. 如 ah!, dear me! 天哪 !) (尤作为说话的一部分)感叹词，感叹语 □ interjectional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin interjectio -onis (as INTERJECT)]

interknit /intəˈnit/ v. tr. & intr. (-knitting; past and past part. -knitted or -knit)  knit together; intertwine 使交织；使缠结

interlace /intəˈleis/ v.  1 tr.  bind intricately together; interweave 组合；交织 2 tr.  mingle, intersperse 使夹杂；点缀 3 intr.  cross each other intricately 交错 □ interlacement  n.   [Middle English from Old French entrelacier (as INTER-, LACE v.)]

interlanguage /ˈintəlæŋɡwidʒ/ n.  a language or use of language having features of two others, often a pidgin or dialect form 中间语言(常为混杂语或方言)

interlap /intəˈlæp/ v. intr. (-lapped, -lapping)  overlap 相互重叠

interlard /intəˈlɑ:d/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  mix (writing or speech) with different material, esp. with unusual words or phrases; intersperse (文章、讲话中)夹杂不同内容(尤指不常用的词语或习语)；使混杂 [French entrelarder (as INTER-, LARD v.)]

interleaf /ˈintəli:f/ n. (pl. -leaves)  an extra (usu. blank) leaf between the leaves of a book (书中)夹页(通常为空白页)

interleave /intəˈli:v/ v. tr.  insert (usu. blank) leaves between the leaves of (a book etc.) 将(空白页)插入(书等中)

interleukin /intəˈlu:kin/ n. Biochem.  any of several glycoproteins produced by leucocytes for regulating immune responses 【生化】白细胞间介素 [INTER- + LEUCOCYTE]

interlibrary /intəˈlaibrəri, -bri/ adj.  between libraries  esp. 尤用于 interlibrary loan  馆际借书 图书馆间的，馆际的

interline1 /intəˈlain/ v. tr.  1  insert words between the lines of (a document etc.) (在文件等的行间)加入(字词) 2  insert (words) in this way 插入；在行间写入(字词) □ interlineation  /-liniˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin interlineare (as INTER-, LINE1)]

interline2 /intəˈlain/ v. tr.  put an extra lining between the ordinary lining and the fabric of (a garment etc.) 加内衬于(普通衬与服装等织物之间)

interlinear /intəˈliniə/ adj.  written or printed between the lines of a text 书写(或印刷)于行间的 [Middle English from medieval Latin interlinearis (as INTER-, LINEAR)]

interlining /ˈintəlainiŋ/ n.  material used to interline a garment (服装)用作内衬的材料

interlink /intəˈliŋk/ v. tr. & intr.  link or be linked together 把…连结起来；连结

interlobular /intəˈlɒbjʊlə/ adj.  situated between lobes 小叶间的；小裂片间的

interlock v., adj. & n. ●v. /intəˈlɒk/  1 intr.  engage with each other by overlapping or by the fitting together of projections and recesses 互锁；相互扣住 2 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  lock or clasp within each other 使互相扣住 ●adj. /ˈintəlɒk/ (of a fabric) knitted with closely interlocking stitches (织物)编结的针脚连结的 ●n. /ˈintəlɒk/  a device or mechanism for connecting or coordinating the function of different components 连锁装置(结构) □ interlocker  n.  

interlocutor /intəˈlɒkjʊtə/ n. (fem. interlocutrix /-triks/)  a person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation 对话者；参加谈话者 □ interlocution  /-ləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin from Latin interloqui interlocut- ‘interrupt in speaking’ (as INTER-, loqui ‘speak’)]

interlocutory /intəˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of dialogue or conversation 对话的；谈话的 2 Law (of a decree etc.) given provisionally in a legal action 【法律】(判决等)在诉讼期间宣布的 [medieval Latin interlocutorius (as INTERLOCUTOR)]

interloper /ˈintələʊpə/ n.  1  an intruder 闯入者 2  a person who interferes in others' affairs, esp. for profit (尤指为私利)干涉他人事务者 □ interlope  v. intr.   [INTER- + loper as in landloper ‘vagabond’ from Middle Dutch landlooper]

interlude /ˈintəlu:d, -lju:d/ n.  1  a  a pause between the acts of a play 幕间休息b  something performed or done during this pause 幕间表演(节目) 2  a  an intervening time, space, or event that contrasts with what goes before or after 插入的时间(空间、事件)b  a temporary amusement or entertaining episode 插科打诨 3  a piece of music played between other pieces, the verses of a hymn, etc. (乐曲、圣歌等中间的)插曲 [originally a light dramatic item between the acts of a morality play: Middle English from medieval Latin interludium (as INTER-, ludus ‘play’)]

intermarriage /intəˈmæridʒ/ n.  1  marriage between people of different races, castes, families, etc. (不同种族、阶层、家庭等间的)通婚 2 (loosely) marriage between near relations (非严格意义上的)近亲结婚

intermarry /intəˈmæri/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (foll. by 后跟 with) (of races, castes, families, etc.) become connected by marriage (种族、阶层、家庭等间)通婚

intermediary /intəˈmi:djəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  an intermediate person or thing, esp. a mediator 中间人；媒介物(尤指调解人) ●adj.  acting as mediator; intermediate 调解人的；中间的 [French intermédiaire via Italian intermediario from Latin intermedius (as INTERMEDIATE)]

intermediate /intəˈmi:diət/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  coming between two things in time, place, order, character, etc. (时间、场地、顺序、性质等)中间的；居中的 ●n.  1  an intermediate thing 中间事物；中间体 2  a chemical compound formed by one reaction and then used in another, esp. during synthesis (尤指化学合成过程中的)中间体；媒介物 ●v. intr. /-dieit/ (foll. by 后跟 between)  act as intermediary; mediate 充当调解人；调解 □ intermediacy  /-si/ n.  □ intermediately  adv.  □ intermediateness  n.  □ intermediation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ intermediator  /-eitə/ n.   [medieval Latin intermediatus (as INTER-, medius ‘middle’)]

intermediate frequency n.  the frequency to which a radio signal is converted during heterodyne reception 中频

intermediate technology n.  technology suitable for use in developing countries, esp. by making use of locally available resources (适合发展中国家使用，尤指通过利用当地资源的)中间技术

interment /inˈtɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  the burial of a corpse, esp. with ceremony (尤指带有安葬仪式的)埋葬；安葬■Usage 用法说明 Do not confuse interment meaning ‘burial’ with internment ‘confinement’ and internship ‘period of serving as an intern’. 不要将表示“埋葬”的 interment 与表示“拘留”的 internment 以及与表示“实习期”的 internship 相混淆。 

intermesh /intəˈmeʃ/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become meshed together (使)啮合；(使)结合

intermezzo /intəˈmetsəʊ/ n. (pl. intermezzi /-tsi/ or -os)  1  a  a short connecting instrumental movement in an opera or other musical work 间奏曲b  a similar piece performed independently (具有上述特点的)独立的器乐短曲c  a short piece for a solo instrument 独奏器乐短曲 2  a short light dramatic or other performance inserted between the acts of a play 幕间表演 [Italian, from Latin intermedium ‘interval’ (as INTERMEDIATE)]

interminable /inˈtɜ:minəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  endless 无休止的 2  tediously long or habitual 冗长不堪的 3  with no prospect of an end 没完没了的 □ interminableness  n.  □ interminably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French interminable or Late Latin interminabilis (as IN-1, TERMINATE)]

intermingle /intəˈmiŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  mix together; mingle (使)混合在一起；混合

intermission /intəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a pause or cessation 中断；停顿 2  an interval between parts of a play, film, concert, etc. (戏剧、电影、音乐会等的)幕间休息 3  a period of inactivity 间歇期 [French intermission or Latin intermissio (as INTERMIT)]

intermit /intəˈmit/ v. (intermitted, intermitting)  1 intr. esp. Med.  stop or cease activity briefly (e.g. of a fever, or a pulse) 【医】(如发烧、脉搏)中断；间歇 2 tr.  suspend; discontinue for a time 中止；暂停 [Latin intermittere intermiss- (as INTER-, mittere ‘let go’)]

intermittent /intəˈmit(ə)nt/ adj.  occurring at intervals; not continuous or steady 断断续续的；间歇的 □ intermittence  /-t(ə)ns/ n.  □ intermittency  /-t(ə)nsi/ n.  □ intermittently  adv.   [Latin intermittere intermittent- (as INTERMIT)]

intermix /intəˈmiks/ v. tr. & intr.  mix together (使)混合 □ intermixable  adj.  □ intermixture  n.   [back-formation from intermixed, intermixt from Latin intermixtus, past part. of intermiscēre ‘mix together’ (as INTER-, miscēre ‘mix’)]

intermodal /intəˈməʊd(ə)l/ adj.  involving two or more different modes, esp. modes of transport in conveying goods 两种(或多种)运输方式间联运的

intermolecular /intəməˈlekjʊlə/ adj.  between molecules 分子间的

intern n. & v. ●n. /ˈintɜ:n/ (also 亦作 interne) esp. N. Amer.  a recent graduate or advanced student receiving supervised training in a hospital and acting as an assistant physician or surgeon [尤北美]实习生；实习内(外)科医师 ●v.  1 tr. /inˈtɜ:n/  confine; oblige (a prisoner, alien, etc.) to reside within prescribed limits 拘留；扣押(犯人、外侨等) 2 intr. /ˈintɜ:n/ esp. N. Amer.  serve as an intern [尤北美]做实习生(医生) □ internment  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ internship  n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [French interne from Latin internus ‘internal’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at INTERMENT. 见 INTERMENT 的用法说明。 

internal /inˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or situated in the inside or invisible part (位于)内的；内部的 2  relating or applied to the inside of the body 有关体内的；用于体内的  internal injuries  内伤 3  of a nation's domestic affairs 内政的 4 Brit. (of a student) attending a university etc. as well as taking its examinations [英] (大学生)本部的 5  used or applying within an organization 内部使用(实施)的 6  a  of the inner nature of a thing; intrinsic 内在的；固有的b  of the mind or soul 内心的；心灵的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  intrinsic qualities 本质；本性 □ internality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ internally  adv.   [modern Latin internalis (as INTERN)]

internal-combustion engine n.  an engine in which motive power is generated by the expansion of exhaust gases from the burning of fuel (esp. petrol or diesel) with air inside the engine (尤指汽油或柴油)内燃机

internal energy n.  the energy in a system arising from the relative positions and interactions of its parts 内能

internal evidence n.  evidence derived from the contents of the thing discussed 事物本身含有的证据，内在证据

internal exile  see 见 EXILE n. 1 

internalize /inˈtɜ:n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 Psychol.  make (attitudes, behaviour, etc.) part of one's nature by learning or unconscious assimilation 【心】使(态度、行为等)内化(即经学习或无意识的同化使其成为自己内在性能的一部分) 2 Econ.  incorporate (costs) as part of the internal structure, esp. social costs resulting from the manufacture and use of a product 【经】使(成本)内在化 □ internalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

internal market n.  1  = SINGLE MARKET  2 (in the UK) a system of decentralized funding in the National Health Service whereby hospital departments purchase each other's services contractually (英国医疗卫生服务体系中医院各科签约互相购买服务的)资金分散制，内部市场制

internal rhyme n.  a rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next 中间韵

internat. abbr. [缩略]  international 

international /intəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  existing, involving, or carried on between two or more nations 国际的；世界性的；国际间进行的 2  agreed on or used by all or many nations 国际间认可(使用)的  international driving licence  国际驾驶执照 ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a contest, esp. in sport, between teams representing different countries 国际比赛(尤指体育比赛)b  a member of such a team 国际比赛选手 2  a (作 International)  any of four associations founded (1864 － 1936) to promote socialist or communist action 第一(二、三、四)国际 (1864 至 1936 年)b  a member of any of these 共产国际成员 □ internationality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ internationally  adv.  

International Date Line  see 见 DATE LINE 1 

Internationale /ˌintənæʃjəˈnɑ:l/ n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  an (originally French) revolutionary song adopted by socialists (原为法文)《国际歌》 2  = INTERNATIONALn. 2a  [French, fem. of international (adj.), from INTERNATIONAL]

internationalism /intəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the advocacy of a community of interests among nations 国际主义 2 (作 Internationalism)  the principles of any of the Internationals 国际主义原则 □ internationalist  n.  

internationalize /intəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make international 使国际化 2  bring under the protection or control of two or more nations 把…置于国际共管之下 □ internationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

international law n.  a body of rules established by custom or treaty and agreed as binding by nations in their relations with one another 国际法

International Phonetic Alphabet n.  an internationally recognized set of phonetic symbols used to transcribe the pronunciation of words etc. 国际音标

international system of units n.  a system of physical units based on the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, with prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten (十进制)国际单位制

international unit n.  a standard quantity of a vitamin etc. (维生素等的)国际单位

interne var.  of INTERN  n. INTERN 名词的变体

internecine /intəˈni:sain/ adj.  mutually destructive 自相残杀的 [originally = deadly, from Latin internecinus, via internecio ‘a massacre’ from internecare ‘to slaughter’ (as INTER-, necare ‘kill’)]

internee /ˌintɜ:ˈni:/ n.  a person interned 被拘留者

Internet /ˈintənet/ n.  an international computer network linking computers from educational institutions, government agencies, industry, etc. 因特网，(国际)计算机互联网 [INTER- + NETWORK]

internist /inˈtɜ:nist/ n. esp. N. Amer. Med.  a specialist in internal diseases [尤北美]【医】内科医师

internode /ˈintənəʊd/ n.  1 Bot.  a part of a stem between two of the nodes or knobs from which leaves arise 【植】节间 2 Anat.  a slender part between two nodes or joints, e.g. the bone of a finger or toe 【解】节间部

internuclear /intəˈnju:kliə/ adj.  between nuclei 原子核间的

internuncial /intəˈnʌnʃ(ə)l/ adj. (of nerves) communicating between different parts of the system (神经)连接性的 [Latin internuntius (as INTER-, nuntius ‘messenger’)]

interoceanic /ˌintərəʊʃiˈænik, -si-/ adj.  between or connecting two oceans 两大洋间的；连接两大洋的

interoceptive /intərəʊˈseptiv/ adj. Biol.  relating to stimuli produced within an organism, esp. in the viscera 【生】(尤指内脏中)内感受器的 [formed irregularly from Latin internus ‘interior’ + RECEPTIVE]

interoperable /intərˈɒp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  able to operate in conjunction 可共同操作的 □ interoperability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

interosculate /intərˈɒskjʊleit/ v. intr.  = INOSCULATE 

interosseous /intərˈɒsiəs/ adj.  between bones 骨间的

interparietal /intəpəˈraiət(ə)l/ adj.  between the right and left parietal bones of the skull 顶骨间的 □ interparietally  adv.  

interpellate /inˈtɜ:pileit/ v. tr. (in a parliament) interrupt the order of the day by demanding an explanation from (the minister concerned) (在议会中)质询(有关部长或大臣)而中断当天议程 □ interpellation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interpellator  n.   [Latin interpellare interpellat- (as INTER-, pellere ‘drive’)]

interpenetrate /intəˈpenitreit/ v.  1 intr. (of two things) penetrate each other (两物)相互渗透 2 tr.  pervade; penetrate thoroughly 使扩散；使渗透 □ interpenetration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interpenetrative  /-trətiv/ adj.  

interpersonal /intəˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. (of relations) occurring between persons, esp. reciprocally 人际(关系)的；(尤指)人与人之间的 □ interpersonally  adv.  

interphase /ˈintəfeiz/ n. Biol.  the resting phase between successive divisions of a cell 【生】(细胞的)分裂间期

interplait /intəˈplæt/ v. tr. & intr.  plait together (使)编织在一起

interplanetary /intəˈplænit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  between planets 行星际的 2  relating to travel between planets 有关行星际航行的

interplay /ˈintəplei/ n.  1  reciprocal action 互动 2  the operation of two things on each other 相互作用

interplead /intəˈpli:d/ v.  1 intr.  litigate with each other to settle a point concerning a third party 交互诉讼(解决涉及第三方的问题) 2 tr.  cause to do this 使提出交互诉讼 □ interpleader  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French enterpleder (as INTER-, PLEAD)]

Interpol /ˈintəpɒl/ n.  the International Criminal Police Commission based in Paris (位于巴黎的)国际刑警组织 [abbreviation of International police]

interpolate /inˈtɜ:pəleit/ v. tr.  1  a  insert (words) in a book etc., esp. to give false impressions as to its date etc. (在书等中)插入(字词), (尤指)篡改b  make such insertions in (a book etc.) 使(在书等中)插入(添加) 2  interject (a remark) in a conversation (交谈中)插入(言语)，插话 3  estimate (intermediate values) from surrounding known values (据周围已知价值)估计(中间价值) □ interpolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interpolative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ interpolator  n.   [Latin interpolare ‘furbish up’ (as INTER-, polire POLISH)]

interpose /intəˈpəʊz/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  place or insert (a thing) between others 放置，插入(某物) 2 tr.  say (words) as an interruption 插(话) 3 tr.  exercise or advance (a veto or objection) so as to interfere 行使，提出(否决或异议)进行干预 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  intervene (between parties) (在当事人间)干预 [French interposer from Latin interponere ‘put in’ (as INTER-, POSE1)]

interposition /intəpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of interposing 提出(异议)行为；插嘴(插入)行为 2  a thing interposed 提出(异议)的事；插嘴(插入)的事 3  an interference 干预；干涉 [Middle English from Old French interposition or Latin interpositio (as INTER-, POSITION)]

interpret /inˈtɜ:prit/ v. (interpreted, interpreting)  1 tr.  explain the meaning of (foreign or abstruse words, a dream, etc.) 解释；诠释(外国的、深奥的词语、梦等) 2 tr.  elucidate or bring out the meaning of (creative work) 阐明；说明(创作作品的)内涵 3 intr.  act as an interpreter, esp. of foreign languages (尤指外语)口译 4 tr.  explain or understand (behaviour etc.) in a specified manner (用特定方式)解释；理解(行为等)  interpreted his gesture as mocking  认为他的姿势是一种嘲弄 □ interpretable  adj.  □ interpretability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.  □ interpretation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interpretational  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ interpretative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ interpretatively  /-tətivli/ adv.  □ interpretively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French interpreter or Latin interpretari ‘explain, translate’ from interpres -pretis ‘explainer’]

interpreter /inˈtɜ:pritə/ n.  1  a person who interprets, esp. one who translates speech orally 翻译译员；(尤指)口译(者) 2 Computing  a program that can analyse and execute a program line by line 【计算】解释程序；翻译程序 [Middle English via Anglo-French interpretour, Old French interpreteur from Late Latin interpretator -oris (as INTERPRET)]

interprovincial /intəprəˈvinʃ(ə)l/ adj.  situated or carried on between provinces 省际的；各省间进行的

interracial /intəˈreiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  existing between or affecting different races 不同种族间的；影响不同种族的 □ interracially  adv.  

interregnum /intəˈreɡnəm/ n. (pl. interregnums or interregna /-nə/)  1  an interval when the normal government is suspended, esp. between successive reigns or regimes (旧政府结束新政权尚未执政时的)政权空白期 2  an interval or pause 间歇；停顿 [Latin (as INTER-, regnum ‘reign’)]

interrelate /intəriˈleit/ v.  1 tr.  relate (two or more things) to each other 使(两种或多种事物)相互关联 2 intr. (of two or more things) relate to each other (两种或多种事情)相互联系 □ interrelation  n.  □ interrelationship  n.  

interrogate /inˈterəɡeit/ v. tr.  ask questions of (a person) esp. closely, thoroughly, or formally 讯问；审问(某人) □ interrogator  n.   [Middle English from Latin interrogare interrogat- (as INTER-, rogare ‘ask’)]

interrogation /inˌterəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of interrogating; the process of being interrogated 讯问(审问)的行为实例；讯问(审问)过程 2  a question or enquiry 疑问句；问题 □ interrogational  adj.   [Middle English from French interrogation or Latin interrogatio (as INTERROGATE)]

interrogation point n. (also 亦作 interrogation mark etc.)  = QUESTION MARK 

interrogative /intəˈrɒɡətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or like a question; used in questions (似)疑问的；用在疑问句中的b Gram. (of an adjective or pronoun) asking a question (e.g. 如 who?, which? 谁？哪一个 ?) 【语法】(形容词、代词)表示疑问的 2  having the form or force of a question 问句形式(或作用)的 3  suggesting enquiry 探问的  an interrogative tone  疑问的口吻 ●n.  an interrogative word (e.g. 如 what?, why? 什么？为什么 ?) 疑问词 □ interrogatively  adv.   [Late Latin interrogativus (as INTERROGATE)]

interrogatory /intəˈrɒɡət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  questioning; of or suggesting enquiry 质问的；讯问的  an interrogatory eyebrow  竖起眉毛表示怀疑 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a formal set of questions, esp. Law one formally put to an accused person etc. 正式讯问；(尤)【法律】向被告等质询 [Late Latin interrogatorius (as INTERROGATE)]

interrupt /intəˈrʌpt/ v. tr.  1  act so as to break the continuous progress of (an action, speech, a person speaking, etc.) 打断(行动、发言、讲话等) 2  obstruct (a person's view etc.) 遮住(某人的视线等) 3  break the continuity of 打破…的连续性 □ interruptible  adj.  □ interruption  /-ˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ interruptive  adj.  □ interruptory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin interrumpere interrupt- (as INTER-, rumpere ‘break’)]

interrupter /intəˈrʌptə/ n. (also 亦作 interruptor)  1  a person or thing that interrupts 打断者；障碍物 2  a device for interrupting, esp. an electric circuit (尤指电路)断续器

intersect /intəˈsekt/ v.  1 tr.  divide (a thing) by passing or lying across it 横断；横穿(某物) 2 intr. (of lines, roads, etc.) cross or cut each other (线、道路等)相交；交叉 [Latin intersecare intersect- (as INTER-, secare ‘cut’)]

intersection /intəˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of intersecting 贯穿；横穿 2  a place where two or more roads intersect (两条或多条道路的)交叉路口 3  a point or line common to lines or planes that intersect (线或面相交而形成的)交点；交叉线 □ intersectional  adj.   [Latin intersectio (as INTERSECT)]

interseptal /intəˈsept(ə)l/ adj.  between septa or partitions 隔间的

intersex /ˈintəseks/ n.  1  the abnormal condition of being intermediate between male and female (雌雄)间性 2  an individual in this condition 阴阳人

intersexual /intəˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1  existing between the sexes 两性之间的 2  of or relating to intersex (雌雄)间性的；与(雌雄)间性有关的 □ intersexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  

interspace n. & v. ●n. /ˈintəspeis/  an interval of space or time 间隙；空隙 ●v. tr. /intəˈspeis/  put interspaces between 使留有空隙

interspecific /intəspəˈsifik/ adj.  formed from or occurring between or among individuals of different species 形成种间的；种间的

intersperse /intəˈspɜ:s/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 between, among)  scatter; place here and there 散布；散置 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  diversify (a thing or things with others so scattered) 点缀(某物或多物) □ interspersion  n.   [Latin interspergere interspers- (as INTER-, spargere ‘scatter’)]

interspinal /intəˈspain(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 interspinous /-nəs/)  between spines or spinous processes 椎间的；棘突间的

interstadial /intəˈsteidiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a minor period of ice retreat during a glacial period 间冰段的；与间冰段有关的 ●n.  such a period 间冰段 [INTER- + Latin stadium ‘stage’ + -AL]

interstate adj. & n. ●adj. /intəˈsteit/  existing or carried on between states, esp. of the US (尤指美国)州际的；州际间进行的 ●n. /ˈintəsteit/ US  each motorway of a system of motorways between states [美]州际公路

interstellar /intəˈstelə/ adj.  occurring or situated between stars 星际的；位于星际间的

interstice /inˈtɜ:stis/ n.  1  an intervening space 间隙 2  a chink or crevice 裂缝；罅隙 [Latin interstitium (as INTER-, sistere stit- ‘stand’)]

interstitial /intəˈstiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of, forming, or occupying interstices 空隙的；形成(占据)裂缝的 □ interstitially  adv.  

intertextuality /ˌintətekstjʊˈæliti/ n.  the relationship between esp. literary texts (尤指文学语篇之间的)互文性

intertidal /intəˈtaid(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the area which is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide 潮间的；与潮间有关的

intertribal /intəˈtraib(ə)l/ adj.  existing or occurring between different tribes (有关)部落间的

intertrigo /intəˈtraiɡəʊ/ n. Med.  inflammation from the rubbing of one area of skin on another 【医】擦烂 [Latin from interterere intertrit- (as INTER-, terere ‘rub’)]

intertwine /intəˈtwain/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  entwine (together) 使缠绕(在一起) 2 intr.  become entwined 缠结 □ intertwinement  n.  

intertwist /intəˈtwist/ v. tr.  twist together 使捻合在一起，使缠结

interval /ˈintəv(ə)l/ n.  1  an intervening time or space 间隙；间隔 2 Brit.  a pause or break, esp. between the parts of a theatrical or musical performance [英] (戏剧、音乐会等的)幕间休息；中场休息 3  the difference in pitch between two sounds 音程 4  the distance between persons or things in respect of qualities (人与人之间、物与物之间在品质方面的)差别，差距 □ at intervals   here and there; now and then 到处；不时□ intervallic  /-ˈvælik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin intervallum ‘space between ramparts, interval’ (as INTER-, vallum ‘rampart’)]

intervene /intəˈvi:n/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between, in)  1  occur in time between events 介入(事件中) 2  interfere; come between so as to prevent or modify the result or course of events 干涉；干预(或调整事件结果或进程) 3  be situated between things 介于(事物)中间 4  come in as an extraneous factor or thing 作为外界因素(事物)介入 5 Law  interpose in a lawsuit as a third party 【法律】(作为第三方)参加诉讼 □ intervener  n.  □ intervenient  adj.  □ intervenor  n.   [Latin intervenire (as INTER-, venire ‘come’)]

intervention /intəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of intervening 插入(介入)行为(实例) 2  interference, esp. by a state in another's affairs (尤指一国对他国事务的)干涉 3  mediation 调停 [Middle English from French intervention or Latin interventio (as INTERVENE)]

interventionist /intəˈvenʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person who favours intervention 干涉主义者 □ interventionism  n.  

intervertebral /intəˈvɜ:tibr(ə)l/ adj.  between vertebrae 椎(骨)间的

interview /ˈintəvju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an oral examination of an applicant for employment, a college place, etc. (对求职者的)面试 2  a conversation between a reporter etc. and a person of public interest, used as a basis of a broadcast or publication (记者对公众人物等的)采访；谈话 3  a meeting of persons face to face, esp. for consultation (面对面)会谈；晤谈 4  a session of formal questioning by the police 警察讯问 ●v.  1 tr.  hold an interview with 对…进行面试(面谈) 2 tr.  question to discover the opinions or experience of (a person) 访谈；采访(某人) 3 intr.  participate in an interview; perform (well etc.) at interview 参与面试；在面试中表现出色(等) □ interviewee  /-vju:ˈi:/ n.  □ interviewer  n.   [French entrevue from s'entrevoir ‘see each other’ (as INTER-, voir from Latin vidēre ‘see’: see VIEW)]

inter-war /intəˈwɔ:/ attrib. adj.  existing in the period between two wars, esp. the two world wars 两次战争之间的；(尤指)两次世界大战之间的

interweave /intəˈwi:v/ v. tr. (past -wove /-ˈwəʊv/; past part. -woven /-ˈwəʊv(ə)n/)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  weave together 使交织在一起 2  blend intimately 使紧密结合

interwind /intəˈwaind/ v. tr. & intr. (past and past part. -wound /-ˈwaʊnd/)  wind together 使互相盘绕

interwork /intəˈwɜ:k/ v.  1 intr.  work together or interactively 配合工作；相互作用 2 tr.  interweave 使交织在一起

intestate /inˈtesteit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not having made a will before death (死前)无遗嘱的 ●n.  a person who has died intestate 未留遗嘱的死者 □ intestacy  /-təsi/ n.   [Middle English from Latin intestatus (as IN-1, testari testat- ‘make a will’ from testis ‘witness’)]

intestinal flora n. pl.  the symbiotic bacteria naturally inhabiting the gut 肠内菌丛

intestine /inˈtestin/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  1  the lower part of the alimentary canal from the end of the stomach to the anus 肠 2 Zool. (esp. in invertebrates) the whole alimentary canal 【动】(尤指无脊椎动物)消化道 □ intestinal  /also 亦作 inteˈstain(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin intestinum from intestinus ‘internal’]

inthrall US var.  of ENTHRAL [美] ENTHRAL 的变体

intifada /intiˈfɑ:də/ n.  a movement of Palestinian uprising in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987 (巴勒斯坦在以色列占领的西岸与加沙地带)起义运动(始于 1987 年) [Arabic, = uprising]

intimacy /ˈintiməsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  close familiarity or friendship; closeness 亲密；友谊；密切 2  an intimate act, esp. sexual intercourse 亲密行为(尤指性行为) 3  a private cosy atmosphere 舒适感 4  an intimate remark; an endearment 亲昵的言语；亲爱的表示

intimate1 /ˈintimət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  closely acquainted; familiar, close 亲切的；熟悉的；亲密的  an intimate friend  密友 an intimate relationship  亲密的关系 2  private and personal 私下的；个人的  intimate thoughts  个人想法 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  having sexual relations 有性关系的 4 (of knowledge) detailed, thorough (知识)详尽的；精通的 5 (of a relationship between things) close (事物间)关系紧密的 6 (of mixing etc.) thorough (混合等)彻底的 7  essential, intrinsic 基本的；固有的 8 (of a place etc.) friendly; promoting close personal relationships (地方等)友好亲切的；有利人际关系的 ●n.  a very close friend 密友；知己 □ intimately  adv.   [Latin intimus ‘inmost’]

intimate2 /ˈintimeit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  state or make known 宣布；通告 2  imply, hint 暗示；提示 □ intimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin intimare ‘announce’ from Latin intimus ‘inmost’]

intimidate /inˈtimideit/ v. tr.  frighten or overawe, esp. to subdue or influence 恐吓；威慑 □ intimidating  adj.  □ intimidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ intimidator  n.  □ intimidatory  /-ˈdeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin intimidare (as IN-2, timidare from timidus TIMID)]

intinction /inˈtiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. Eccl.  the dipping of the Eucharistic bread in the wine so that the communicant receives both together 【教会】(基督教的浸礼仪式)面包蘸酒 [Late Latin intinctio from Latin intingere intinct- (as IN-2, TINGE)]

intitule /inˈtitju:l/ v. tr. Brit.  entitle (an Act of Parliament etc.) [英]给(议会法案等)命名 [Old French intituler from Late Latin intitulare (as IN-2, titulare from titulus ‘title’)]

into /ˈintʊ, ˈintə/ prep.  1  expressing motion or direction to a point on or within 进；入；到里面  walked into a tree  撞上一棵树 ran into the house  跑进屋里 2  expressing direction of attention or concern 注意，关心的对象  will look into it  将对此调查 3  expressing a change of state 成为；转为  turned into a dragon  变成一条龙 separated into groups  分成几个组 forced into it  闯入 4  after the beginning of 持续到；直到  five minutes into the game  比赛持续了 5 分钟 5 colloq.  interested in; knowledgeable about [口]对…感兴趣；懂得  is really into art  对艺术很感兴趣，对艺术很在行 [Old English intō (as IN, TO)]

intolerable /inˈtɒl(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be endured 不能忍受的 □ intolerably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French intolerable or Latin intolerabilis (as IN-1, TOLERABLE)]

intolerant /inˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  not tolerant, esp. of views, beliefs, or behaviour differing from one's own (尤指观点、信仰、行为)不容与己不同的；偏狭的 □ intolerance  n.  □ intolerantly  adv.   [Latin intolerans (as IN-1, TOLERANT)]

intonate /ˈintəneit/ v. tr.  intone 吟诵 [medieval Latin intonare: see INTONE]

intonation /intəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  modulation of the voice; accent 语调；声调 2  the act of intoning 吟诵的行为 3  accuracy of pitch in playing or singing (弹奏、演唱中的)音准  has good intonation  音调准 4  the opening phrase of a plainsong melody (基督教仪式中无伴奏齐唱乐中的)起始短句 □ intonational  adj.   [medieval Latin intonatio (as INTONE)]

intone /inˈtəʊn/ v. tr.  1  recite (prayers etc.) with prolonged sounds, esp. in a monotone (尤用拖长的单调的声音)吟诵(祈祷文等) 2  utter with a particular tone 以特殊声调说 □ intoner  n.   [medieval Latin intonare (as IN-2, Latin tonus TONE)]

in toto /in ˈtəʊtəʊ/ adv.  completely 完全，全然 [Latin]

intoxicant /inˈtɒksik(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  intoxicating 醉人的 ●n.  an intoxicating substance 致醉物

intoxicate /inˈtɒksikeit/ v. tr.  1  make drunk 使喝醉 2  excite or elate beyond self-control 使激动不已；使得意洋洋 □ intoxicatingly  adv.  □ intoxication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin intoxicare (as IN-2, toxicare ‘to poison’ from Latin toxicum): see TOXIC]

intra- /ˈintrə/ prefix  forming adjectives usu. from adjectives, meaning ‘on the inside, within’ (intramural 单位内部的) 与形容词组合成另一个形容词，表示“在里面”，“在内部” [Latin intra ‘inside’]

intracellular /intrəˈseljʊlə/ adj. Biol.  located or occurring within a cell or cells 【生】细胞内的

intracranial /intrəˈkreiniəl/ adj.  within the skull 颅内的 □ intracranially  adv.  

intractable /inˈtræktəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  hard to control or deal with 桀骜不驯的；不好对付的 2  difficult, stubborn 难弄的；顽固的 □ intractability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ intractableness  n.  □ intractably  adv.   [Latin intractabilis (as IN-1, TRACTABLE)]

intrados /inˈtreidɒs/ n. Archit.  the lower or inner curve of an arch (opp. 反义 EXTRADOS) 【建】拱腹线 [French (as INTRA-, dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum)]

intramolecular /intrəməˈlekjʊlə/ adj.  within a molecule 分子内的

intramural /intrəˈmjʊər(ə)l/ adj.  1  situated or done within walls 墙内的 2  a  forming part of normal university or college studies 大学内的b  taking place within a single (esp. educational) institution 发生在单位(尤指教育机构)内部的 □ intramurally  adv.  

intramuscular /intrəˈmʌskjʊlə/ adj.  in or into a muscle or muscles 肌肉内的；进入肌肉的

intransigent /inˈtrænsidʒ(ə)nt, -ˈtrɑ:-, -nz-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  uncompromising, stubborn 不妥协的；固执的 ●n.  an intransigent person 不妥协的人 □ intransigence  /-dʒ(ə)ns/ n.  □ intransigency  /-dʒ(ə)nsi/ n.  □ intransigently  adv.   [French intransigeant from Spanish los intransigentes, a name adopted by the extreme republicans in the Cortes, ultimately formed as IN-1 + Latin transigere transigent- ‘come to an understanding’ (as TRANS-, agere ‘act’)]

intransitive /inˈtrænsitiv, -ˈtrɑ:-, -nz-/ adj. (of a verb or sense of a verb) that does not take or require a direct object (whether expressed or implied), e.g. look in look at the sky (opp. 反义 TRANSITIVE) (动词或动词释义)不带或不需直接(无论是明示或暗示)宾语的，不及物的(如 : look at the sky 中的 look) □ intransitively  adv.  □ intransitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Late Latin intransitivus (as IN-1, TRANSITIVE)]

intrapreneur /intrəprəˈnɜ:/ n.  a company employee who develops innovative products etc. 企业内部能开发新产品的人 [INTRA- + ENTREPRENEUR]

intrauterine /intrəˈju:tərain, -rin/ adj.  within the womb 子宫内的

intrauterine device n.  a contraceptive device fitted inside the uterus and physically preventing the implantation of fertilized ova (abbr. 缩略 : IUD) 宫内避孕器

intravenous /intrəˈvi:nəs/ adj.  in or into a vein or veins 静脉内的；进入静脉的 □ intravenously  adv.   [INTRA- + Latin vena ‘vein’]

in-tray n. esp. Brit.  a tray for incoming documents, letters, etc. [尤英] (存放收到文件、信件等的)收文篮(盘)

intrepid /inˈtrepid/ adj.  fearless; very brave 无畏的；非常勇敢的 □ intrepidity  /-triˈpiditi/ n.  □ intrepidly  adv.   [French intrépide or Latin intrepidus (as IN-1, trepidus ‘alarmed’)]

intricate /ˈintrikət/ adj.  very complicated; perplexingly detailed or obscure 错综复杂的；使人困惑的；复杂精细的；难解的 □ intricacy  /-kəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ intricately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin intricare intricat- (as IN-2, tricare from tricae ‘tricks’)]

intrigant /ˈintriɡ(ə)nt/ n. (fem. intrigante)  an intriguer 阴谋者；私通者 [French intriguant from intriguer: see INTRIGUE]

intrigue v. & n. ●v. /inˈtri:ɡ/ (intrigues, intrigued, intriguing)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  carry on an underhand plot 耍阴谋；施诡计b  use secret influence 暗施影响 2 tr.  arouse the curiosity of; fascinate 对…激起兴趣；迷住… ●n. /inˈtri:ɡ, ˈin-/  1  an underhand plot or plotting 阴谋；诡计 2 archaic  a secret love affair [古义]私通 □ intriguer  /inˈtri:ɡə/ n.  □ intriguing  adj. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)  □ intriguingly  /inˈtri:ɡ-/ adv.   [French intrigue (n.), intriguer (v.) via Italian intrigo, intrigare from Latin (as INTRICATE)]

intrinsic /inˈtrinsik/ adj.  inherent, essential; belonging naturally (opp. 反义 EXTRINSIC) 内在的；本质的；固有的  intrinsic value  内在价值 □ intrinsically  adv.   [originally = interior: Middle English via French intrinsèque and Late Latin intrinsecus from Latin intrinsecus ‘inwardly’]

intro /ˈintrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  an introduction [口]介绍 [abbreviation]

intro- /ˈintrəʊ/ comb. form  into (introgression 基因渗入) [构词成分]进入 [Latin intro ‘to the inside’]

introduce /intrəˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  make (a person or oneself) known by name to another, esp. formally (尤指正式地)介绍；引见(某人或自己) 2  announce or present to an audience (向观众)宣布；介绍 3  a  bring (a custom, idea, etc.) into use 实施；推行(习惯、思想等)b  put on sale for the first time (初次)推销 4  bring (a piece of legislation) before a legislative assembly 向立法会议提出(一项立法) 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  draw the attention or extend the understanding of (a person) to a subject 引起(某人)注意；(对问题)加深理解 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  a  insert 插入  introduce into the tank  插进大容器里 introduced a note of optimism  注入乐观主义的调子b  bring in; usher in; bring forward 引进；引领，提供 7  begin; occur just before the start of 使开始；作为…的开头 □ introducer  n.  □ introducible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin introducere introduct- (as INTRO-, ducere ‘lead’)]

introduction /intrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of introducing; the process of being introduced 引进；推行；采用 2  a formal presentation of one person to another (正式的)介绍；引见 3  an explanatory section at the beginning of a book etc. (书等的)引言；导论 4  a preliminary section in a piece of music, often thematically different from the main section (乐曲的)前奏；序曲 5  an introductory treatise on a subject 入门；初阶 6  a thing introduced 被采用的东西，被引入的东西 [Middle English from Old French introduction or Latin introductio (as INTRODUCE)]

introductory /intrəˈdʌkt(ə)ri/ adj.  serving as an introduction; preliminary 介绍的；引言的；初步的 [Late Latin introductorius (as INTRODUCTION)]

introit /ˈintrɔit, inˈtrəʊit/ n.  a psalm or antiphon sung or said while the priest approaches the altar for the Eucharist (在牧师走向圣坛准备进行圣餐礼时唱或说的)赞美诗(或圣歌) [Middle English via Old French from Latin introitus, from introire introit- ‘enter’ (as INTRO-, ire ‘go’)]

introjection /intrə(ʊ)ˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the unconscious incorporation of external ideas into one's mind 心力投入(使外来思想形成内心形象) [INTRO-, on the pattern of projection]

intromit /intrə(ʊ)ˈmit/ v. tr. (intromitted, intromitting)  1 (foll. by 后跟 into) archaic  let in, admit [古义]让…进入；准许…进入 2  insert 插入 □ intromission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ intromittent  adj.   [Latin intromittere intromiss- ‘introduce’ (as INTRO-, mittere ‘send’)]

introspection /intrə(ʊ)ˈspekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes etc. 内省，反思 □ introspective  adj.  □ introspectively  adv.  □ introspectiveness  n.   [Latin introspicere introspect- ‘look inwards’ (as INTRO-, specere ‘look’)]

introvert n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈintrəvɜ:t/  1 Psychol.  a person predominantly concerned with his or her own thoughts and feelings rather than with external things 【心】性格内向的人 2  a shy inwardly thoughtful person 害羞含蓄的人 ●adj. /ˈintrəvɜ:t/ (also 亦作 introverted /-tid/)  typical or characteristic of an introvert 性格内向的；含蓄的 ●v. tr. /intrə(ʊ)ˈvɜ:t/  1 Psychol.  direct (one's thoughts or mind) inwards 【心】使(思想、精神)内向 2 Zool.  withdraw (an organ etc.) within its own tube or base, like the finger of a glove 【动】使(器官等)向内陷，向内弯(如同手套的手指) □ introversion  /-ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ introversive  /-ˈvɜ:siv/ adj.  □ introverted  adj.  □ introvertive  /-ˈvɜ:tiv/ adj.   [INTRO- + vert as in INVERT]

intrude /inˈtru:d/ v. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, into)  1 intr.  come uninvited or unwanted; force oneself abruptly on others 擅自进入；侵入；闯入 2 tr.  thrust or force (something unwelcome) on a person 把(不受欢迎的东西)强加于(某人) [Latin intrudere intrus- (as IN-2, trudere ‘thrust’)]

intruder /inˈtru:də/ n.  a person who intrudes, esp. into a building with criminal intent 侵入者；闯入者(尤指怀有作案意图的人)

intrusion /inˈtru:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of intruding 闯入；打扰 2  an unwanted interruption etc. 干涉；干扰 3 Geol.  an influx of molten rock between or through strata etc. but not reaching the surface 【地质】(岩浆)侵入(地层等) 4  the occupation of a vacant estate etc. to which one has no claim 非法占有他人空置房地产(等) [Middle English from Old French intrusion or medieval Latin intrusio (as INTRUDE)]

intrusive /inˈtru:siv/ adj.  1  that intrudes or tends to intrude 侵入的；企图闯入的 2  characterized by intrusion 具有侵入(闯入)性的 3 Phonet. (of a sound) pronounced between words or syllables to facilitate pronunciation, such as the r in saw a film. 【语音】(声音)赘音的(如 saw a film 中的 r 音，即将 /sɔ:/ 读成 /sɔ:r/) □ intrusively  adv.  □ intrusiveness  n.  

intrust var.  of ENTRUST  ENTRUST 的变体

intubate /ˈintjʊbeit/ v. tr. Med.  insert a tube into the trachea for ventilation, usu. during anaesthesia 【医】(常在麻醉时)插入管子(用来换气) □ intubation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [IN-2 + Latin tuba ‘tube’]

intuit /inˈtju:it/ v.  1 tr.  know by intuition 凭直觉知道 2 intr.  receive knowledge by direct perception 凭直觉获得知识 □ intuitable  adj.   [Latin intueri intuit- ‘consider’ (as IN-2, tueri ‘look’)]

intuition /intjʊˈiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  immediate apprehension by the mind without reasoning 直觉(力) 2  immediate apprehension by a sense 直觉理解力 3  immediate insight 直觉洞察力 □ intuitional  adj.   [Late Latin intuitio (as INTUIT)]

intuitionism /intjʊˈiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 intuitionalism) Philos.  the belief that primary truths and principles (esp. of ethics and metaphysics) are known directly by intuition 【哲】(尤指道德观和形而上学的)直觉主义；直觉论 □ intuitionist  n.  

intuitive /inˈtju:itiv/ adj.  1  of, characterized by, or possessing intuition 直觉的；具有直觉性质的 2  perceived by intuition 凭直觉发觉的 □ intuitively  adv.  □ intuitiveness  n.   [medieval Latin intuitivus (as INTUIT)]

intuitivism /inˈtju:itiviz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that ethical principles can be established by intuition 直觉主义 □ intuitivist  n.  

intumesce /intjʊˈmes/ v. intr.  swell up 膨胀 □ intumescence  n.  □ intumescent  adj.   [Latin intumescere (as IN-2, tumescere, inceptive of tumēre ‘swell’)]

intussusception /intəsəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med.  the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another 【医】肠套叠；肠内翻 2 Bot.  the deposition of new cellulose particles in a cell wall, to increase the surface area of the cell 【植】内填 [French intussusception or modern Latin intussusceptio, from Latin intus ‘within’ + susceptio from suscipere ‘take up’]

intwine var.  of ENTWINE  ENTWINE 的变体

Inuit /ˈinjʊit, ˈinʊit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同)  an Eskimo, esp. a Canadian Eskimo 因努伊特人(美洲爱斯基摩人，尤指加拿大爱斯基摩人) 2  any of the languages spoken by these peoples 爱斯基摩语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Inuit or their languages (有关)因努伊特人的；(与)美洲爱斯基摩人(语言) (有关)的 [Eskimo inuit ‘people’, pl. of inuk ‘person’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ESKIMO. 见 ESKIMO 的用法说明。 

inundate /ˈinʌndeit/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  flood 淹没 2  overwhelm 使不胜负荷  inundated with enquiries  质讯铺天盖地而来 □ inundation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin inundare ‘flow’ (as IN-2, unda ‘wave’)]

Inupiaq /iˈnu:piæk/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Inupiat) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 (a member of) an Inuit people inhabiting areas of northern Alaska along the Arctic slope and inland 伊努皮克人(居住在阿拉斯加北部的因努伊特人的一支) 2  the Inuit language spoken by the Inupiaq 伊努皮克人说的因努伊特语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Inupiaq or their language (有关)伊努皮克人的；(与)伊努皮克语(有关)的 [Eskimo (Inuit), from inuk ‘person’ + piaq ‘genuine’]

inure /iˈnjʊə/ v.  1 tr. (often in passive 常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to)  accustom (a person) to something esp. unpleasant 使(某人)习惯于(尤指不愉快的事) 2 intr. Law  come into operation; take effect 【法律】施行；生效 □ inurement  n.   [Middle English from an Anglo-French phrase meaning ‘in use or practice’, from en ‘in’ + Old French e(u)vre ‘work’ from Latin opera]

in utero /in ˈju:tərəʊ/ adv.  in the womb; before birth 在子宫内；在出生前 [Latin]

in vacuo /in ˈvækjʊəʊ/ adv.  in a vacuum 在真空中 [Latin]

invade /inˈveid/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  1  enter (a country etc.) under arms, with intent to control or subdue it (武装)侵略(某国等) 2  swarm into or onto 挤入；大批进入  fans invaded the pitch  球迷大批涌入球场 3 (of a disease) attack (a body etc.) (疾病)侵袭(机体等) 4  encroach upon (a person's rights, esp. privacy) 侵犯(某人的权利，尤指隐私权) □ invader  n.   [Latin invadere invas- (as IN-2, vadere ‘go’)]

invaginate /inˈvædʒineit/ v. tr.  1  put in a sheath 使入鞘 2  turn (a tube or tubular sheath) inside out 使(管子、管状鞘)由里向外翻 □ invagination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [IN-2 + Latin vagina ‘sheath’]

invalid1 /ˈinvəli:d, -lid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person enfeebled or disabled by illness or injury 病弱者；伤残人 2 (作 attrib.)  a  of or for invalids 体弱多病的；为伤残人的  invalid car  残疾车 invalid diet  病号伙食b  being an invalid 抱病的  caring for her invalid mother  照顾她抱病的母亲 ●v. (invalided, invaliding)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out etc.) esp. Brit.  remove from active service (a person who has become an invalid) [尤英]使(伤、病者)退役 2 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  disable (a person) by illness (某人)因病致残 3 intr. esp. Brit.  become an invalid [尤英]变得病弱 □ invalidism  n.   [Latin invalidus ‘weak, infirm’ (as IN-1, VALID)]

invalid2 /inˈvælid/ adj.  not valid, esp. having no legal force 无效的(尤指没有法律效力) □ invalidly  adv.   [Latin invalidus (as INVALID1)]

invalidate /inˈvælideit/ v. tr.  1  make (esp. an argument etc.) invalid 使(尤指论据等)无效 2  remove the validity or force of (a treaty, contract, etc.) 使(条款、合同等)作废 □ invalidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin invalidare invalidat- (as IN-1, validus VALID)]

invalidity /invəˈliditi/ n.  1  lack of validity 缺乏有效性 2  bodily infirmity 体弱 [French invalidité or medieval Latin invaliditas (as INVALID1)]

invaluable /inˈvæljʊ(ə)b(ə)l/ adj.  above valuation; inestimable 无价的；不可估量的 □ invaluableness  n.  □ invaluably  adv.  

Invar /ˈinvɑ:/ n. propr.  an iron-nickel alloy with a negligible coefficient of expansion, used in the manufacture of clocks and scientific instruments [商标] (制钟表和科学仪器用的)因瓦(铁镍)合金；恒范钢 [abbreviation of INVARIABLE]

invariable /inˈvɛəriəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unchangeable; always the same 不变的，恒定的 2 Math.  constant, fixed 【数】常数的；不变量的 □ invariability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ invariableness  n.  □ invariably  adv.   [French invariable or Late Latin invariabilis (as IN-1, VARIABLE)]

invariant /inˈvɛəriənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  invariable 不变的 ●n. Math.  a function which remains unchanged when a specified transformation is applied 【数】不变式(量) □ invariance  n.  

invasion /inˈveiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of invading or process of being invaded 侵入；闯入 2  an entry of a hostile army into a country 侵略 [French invasion or Late Latin invasio (as INVADE)]

invasive /inˈveisiv/ adj.  1 (of weeds, cancer cells, etc.) tending to spread (杂草、癌细胞等)扩散性的 2 (of medical procedures etc.) involving the introduction of instruments into the body (医疗过程中)体内导入器械的 3  tending to encroach on the privacy, rights, etc., of others 企图侵犯他人隐私(权利)的，侵害的

invective /inˈvektiv/ n.  1  a  strongly attacking words 恶言谩骂，抨击b  the use of these 抨击，谩骂 2  abusive rhetoric 谩骂的言辞 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin invectivus ‘attacking’ (as INVEIGH)]

inveigh /inˈvei/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  speak or write with strong hostility 猛烈抨击 [Latin invehi ‘go into, assail’ (as IN-2, vehi, passive of vehere vect- ‘carry’)]

inveigle /inˈvi:ɡ(ə)l, inˈveiɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, or to + infin.)  entice; persuade by guile 诱骗；哄骗 □ inveiglement  n.   [earlier enve(u)gle from Anglo-French envegler, Old French aveugler ‘to blind’ from aveugle ‘blind’, probably from Romanic]

invent /inˈvent/ v. tr.  1  create by thought, devise; originate (a new method, an instrument, etc.) 发明；首创(新方法、设备等) 2  concoct (a false story etc.) 捏造(虚假故事等) [originally = find, discover: Middle English from Latin invenire invent- ‘find, contrive’ (as IN-2, venire vent- ‘come’)]

invention /inˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of inventing 发明；创造；虚构 2  a thing invented; a contrivance, esp. one for which a patent is granted (尤指有专利权的)发明；创造的东西 3  a fictitious story 虚构的故事 4  inventiveness 发明才能；创造能力 5 Mus.  a short piece for keyboard, developing a simple idea 【音】创意曲 [Middle English from Latin inventio (as INVENT)]

inventive /inˈventiv/ adj.  1  able or inclined to invent; original in devising 发明的；善于发明的；有创造力的 2  showing ingenuity of devising 显示创造性的 □ inventively  adv.  □ inventiveness  n.   [Middle English from French inventif -ive or medieval Latin inventivus (as INVENT)]

inventor /inˈventə/ n. (fem. inventress /-tris/)  a person who invents, esp. as an occupation (尤指职业)发明者

inventory /ˈinv(ə)nt(ə)ri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a complete list of goods in stock, house contents, etc. (详尽的)存货清单；财产清单 2  the goods listed in this 存货清单上的货物 3 US  the total of a firm's commercial assets [美]存货总值 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make an inventory of 为…开列存货清单 2  enter (goods) in an inventory 编制(商品)目录 [Middle English via medieval Latin inventorium from Late Latin inventarium (as INVENT)]

inverse /ˈinvɜ:s, inˈvɜ:s/ adj. & n. ●adj.  inverted in position, order, or relation (位置、顺序、关系)相反的；反向的 ●n.  1  the state of being inverted 相反；颠倒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a thing that is the opposite or reverse of another 相反的事物；颠倒的事物 3 Math.  an element which, when combined with a given element in an operation, produces the identity element for that operation 【数】反数；倒数 □ inversely  adv.   [Latin inversus, past part. of invertere: see INVERT]

inverse proportion n. (also 亦作 inverse ratio)  a relation between two quantities such that one increases in proportion as the other decreases 反比例

inverse square law n.  a law by which the intensity of an effect, such as gravitational force, illumination, etc., changes in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the source 平方反比律

inversion /inˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of turning upside down or inside out 颠倒；从里往外翻 2  the reversal of a normal order, position, or relation (顺序、位置、关系)倒置 3  the reversal of the order of words, for rhetorical effect (词序)倒装 4 (in full 全称 temperature inversion)  the reversal of the normal variation of air temperature with altitude 逆温，温度逆增 5  the process or result of inverting 颠倒的过程(结果) 6  the reversal of direction of rotation of a plane of polarized light 反向 7  a  homosexuality 同性恋b  the adoption of behaviour typical of the opposite sex 性倒错 □ inversive  /-siv/ adj.   [Latin inversio (as INVERT)]

inversion layer n. Meteorol.  a layer of air in which temperature increases with height 【气】逆温层

invert v. & n. ●v. tr. /inˈvɜ:t/  1  turn upside down 使颠倒 2  reverse the position, order, or relation of 使(位置、顺序、关系)倒置 3 Mus.  change the relative position of the notes of (a chord or interval) by placing the lowest note higher, usu. by an octave 【音】使(弦或音程)转位(常提高 8 度) 4  subject to inversion 使受到倒转 ●n. /ˈinvɜ:t/  1  a homosexual 同性恋者 2  an inverted arch, as at the bottom of a sewer 仰拱 □ inverter  /inˈvɜ:tə/ n.  □ invertible  /inˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj.  □ invertibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin invertere invers- (as IN-2, vertere ‘turn’)]

invertase /ˈinvɜ:teiz, inˈvɜ:t-/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme from yeast which catalyses the inversion of sucrose to produce invert sugar 【生化】转化酶，蔗糖酶 [INVERT + -ASE]

invertebrate /inˈvɜ:tibrət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an animal) not having a backbone (动物)无脊椎的 2  lacking firmness of character 意志薄弱的 ●n.  an invertebrate animal 无脊椎动物 [modern Latin invertebrata (pl.) (as IN-1, VERTEBRA)]

inverted comma n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = QUOTATION MARK 

inverted snob n.  a person who likes or takes pride in what a snob might be expected to disapprove of 反势力眼(反势利小人之道而行之)

invert sugar n.  a mixture of glucose and fructose obtained by the hydrolysis of sucrose 转化糖

invest /inˈvest/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  apply or use (money), esp. for profit (尤指为赢利)投资 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  devote (time, effort, etc.) to an enterprise 付出，投入(时间、精力等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  a  put money for profit (into stocks etc.) 投资于(股票等)b colloq.  buy (something useful) [口]买进(有用之物)  invested in a new car  买了一辆新车 4 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  provide, endue, or credit (a person or thing with qualities, insignia, or rank) 授予；赋予；认为(某人、某物)具有(品质、勋章、官阶)b (foll. by 后跟 in)  attribute or entrust (qualities or feelings to a person or thing) 使(人、物)带有(品质、感情) 5 tr.  cover as a garment 给…披上 6 tr.  lay siege to 包围 □ investable  adj.  □ investible  adj.  □ investor  n.   [Middle English from French investir or Latin investire investit- (as IN-2, vestire ‘clothe’ from vestis ‘clothing’): sense 1 from Italian investire]

investigate /inˈvestiɡeit/ v.  1 tr.  a  inquire into; examine; study carefully 调查；检查；研究b  make an official inquiry into 对…作正式调查 2 intr.  make a systematic inquiry or search 调查研究；审查 □ investigator  n.  □ investigatory  /-ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin investigare investigat- (as IN-2, vestigare ‘track’)]

investigation /inˌvestiˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or an instance of investigating 调查，调查的过程(实例) 2  a formal examination or study 正式调查；调查研究 □ investigational  adj.  

investigative /inˈvestiɡətiv, -ɡeitiv/ adj.  seeking or serving to investigate, esp. (of journalism) inquiring intensively into controversial issues 调查的；审查的；(尤指新闻界)爱调查有争议的问题的

investiture /inˈvestitjə, -tʃə/ n.  1  the formal investing of a person with honours or rank, esp. a ceremony at which a sovereign confers honours 授权(仪式)；授爵(仪式) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  the act of enduing (with attributes) (品质、属性的)赋予 [Middle English from medieval Latin investitura (as INVEST)]

investment /inˈves(t)m(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or process of investing 投资行为(过程) 2  money invested 投资额 3  property etc. in which money is invested 投资财产 4  the act of besieging; a blockade 包围；封锁

investment bond n.  a single-premium life insurance policy linked to a unit trust for long-term investment 投资性债券，投资债券(与单位信托长期投资相关的单一保费的人寿保险单)

investment trust n.  a trust that buys and sells shares in selected companies to make a profit for its members 信托投资公司

inveterate /inˈvet(ə)rət/ adj.  1 (of a person) confirmed in an (esp. undesirable) habit etc. (人)顽固不化的(不良习惯等)  an inveterate gambler  赌棍 2  a (of a habit etc.) long established (习惯等)根深蒂固的b (of an activity, esp. an undesirable one) habitual (不良行为)习以为常的 □ inveteracy  /-rəsi/ n.  □ inveterately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin inveterare inveterat- ‘make old’ (as IN-2, vetus veteris ‘old’)]

invidious /inˈvidiəs/ adj. (of an action, conduct, attitude, etc.) likely to excite resentment or indignation against the person responsible, esp. by real or seeming injustice 会招致不满的；激起怨恨的  an invidious position  招人猜忌的地位 an invidious task  招人怨恨的任务 □ invidiously  adv.  □ invidiousness  n.   [Latin invidiosus from invidia ENVY]

invigilate /inˈvidʒileit/ v. intr. Brit.  supervise candidates at an examination [英]监(考) □ invigilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ invigilator  n.   [originally = keep watch, from Latin invigilare invigilat- (as IN-2, vigilare ‘watch’ from vigil ‘watchful’)]

invigorate /inˈviɡəreit/ v. tr.  give vigour or strength to 使精力充沛 □ invigorating  adj.  □ invigoratingly  adv.  □ invigoration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ invigorative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ invigorator  n.   [IN-2 + medieval Latin vigorare vigorat- ‘make strong’]

invincible /inˈvinsib(ə)l/ adj.  unconquerable; that cannot be defeated 不可征服的；不能战胜的 □ invincibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ invincibleness  n.  □ invincibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin invincibilis (as IN-1, VINCIBLE)]

inviolable /inˈvaiələb(ə)l/ adj.  not to be violated or profaned 不可违背的；不可亵渎的 □ inviolability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ inviolably  adv.   [French inviolable or Latin inviolabilis (as IN-1, VIOLATE)]

inviolate /inˈvaiələt/ adj.  1  not violated or profaned 不受侵犯的；不受亵渎的 2  safe from violation or harm 不受破坏(伤害)的 □ inviolacy  /-ləsi/ n.  □ inviolately  adv.  □ inviolateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin inviolatus (as IN-1, violare, violat- ‘treat violently’)]

invisible /inˈvizib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not visible to the eye, either characteristically or because hidden 看不见的；隐匿的 2  too small to be seen or noticed (小得)看不见的 3  artfully concealed 有意掩盖的  invisible mending  织补 ●n.  an invisible person or thing, esp. (in pl. 用复数) invisible exports and imports 隐者；隐物；(尤指)无形的进出口 □ invisibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ invisibleness  n.  □ invisibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French invisible or Latin invisibilis (as IN-1, VISIBLE)]

invisible exports n. pl. (also 亦作 invisible imports etc.)  items, esp. services, involving payment between countries but not constituting tangible commodities 无形输出

invitation /inviˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of inviting or fact of being invited, esp. to a social occasion (尤指社交场合)邀请 2  a letter or card used to invite someone 邀请信；请柬

invitational /inviˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adj.  characterized by invitation, esp. (of a contest etc.) open only to those invited (尤指竞赛等)只限被邀请者参加的 ●n.  an invitational contest etc. 邀请赛(等)

invite /inˈvait/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  ask (a person) courteously to come, or to do something (礼貌地)邀请；约请(某人)  were invited to lunch  应邀吃午饭 invited them to reply  邀请他们来回答 2 tr.  make a formal courteous request for (正式地)请求；要求  invited comments  征求意见 3 tr.  tend to elicit (a negative response) 引起；招致(负面反应)  invited abuse  招致辱骂 4  a tr.  attract 吸引b intr.  be attractive 有吸引力 ●n. /ˈinvait/ colloq.  an invitation [口]邀请 □ invitee  /-ˈti:/ n.  □ inviter  n.   [French inviter or Latin invitare]■Usage 用法说明 Although over three centuries old, the use of invite as a noun meaning ‘invitation’ is still highly informal. 虽然已使用了 300 多年，但 invite 作为名词表示“邀请”仍极不正规。 

inviting /inˈvaitiŋ/ adj.  1  attractive 吸引人的 2  enticing, tempting 诱惑的，引诱的 □ invitingly  adv.  

in vitro /in ˈvi:trəʊ/ adj. & adv. Biol. (of processes or reactions) taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism (opp. 反义 IN VIVO) 【生】(过程或反应)在试管中；在(活的有机体)体外 [Latin, = in glass]

in vivo /in ˈvi:vəʊ/ adj. & adv. Biol. (of processes) taking place in a living organism (opp. 反义 IN VITRO) 【生】(过程)发生在活的有机体体内 [Latin, = in a living thing]

invocation /invə(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of invoking, esp. in prayer 祈祷，祈求 2  an appeal to a supernatural being or beings, e.g. the Muses, for psychological or spiritual inspiration 祈求神助(如缪斯) 3 Eccl.  the words ‘In the name of the Father’ etc. used as the preface to a sermon etc. 【教会】(布道前的)祷文 □ invocatory  /inˈvɒkət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin invocatio -onis (as INVOKE)]

invoice /ˈinvɔis/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of goods shipped or sent, or services rendered, with prices and charges; a bill 发货清单；发票 ●v. tr.  1  make an invoice of (goods and services) (货物、服务)开发票 2  send an invoice to (a person) 开发票给(某人) [earlier invoyes, pl. of invoy = ENVOY2]

invoke /inˈvəʊk/ v. tr.  1  call on (a deity etc.) in prayer or as a witness 祈求(神等) 2  appeal to (the law, a person's authority, etc.) 求助于(法律、某人的权威等) 3  summon (a spirit) by charms 用符咒召唤(神) 4  ask earnestly for (vengeance, help, etc.) 热切要求(报仇、帮助等) 5 Computing  cause (a procedure etc.) to be carried out 【计算】调用(程序等) □ invocable  adj.  □ invoker  n.   [French invoquer from Latin invocare (as IN-2, vocare ‘call’)]

involucre /ˈinvəl(j)u:kə/ n.  1  a covering or envelope 外皮；包壳 2 Anat.  a membranous envelope 【解】包膜 3 Bot.  a whorl of bracts surrounding an inflorescence 【植】花被；蒴苞 □ involucral  /-ˈl(j)u:kr(ə)l/ adj.   [French involucre or Latin involucrum (as INVOLVE)]

involuntary /inˈvɒlənt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  done without conscious control; unintentional 不受意志控制的；非故意的 2 (of a limb, muscle, or movement) not under the control of the will (肢体、肌肉、活动)无意识的；不自觉的 □ involuntarily  adv.  □ involuntariness  n.   [Late Latin involuntarius (as IN-1, VOLUNTARY)]

involute /ˈinvəl(j)u:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  involved, intricate 卷入的，难懂的 2  curled spirally 卷曲成螺旋状的 3 Bot.  rolled inwards at the edges 【植】内卷的 ●n. Geom.  the locus of a point fixed on a straight line that rolls without sliding on a curve and is in the plane of that curve (cf. 参见 EVOLUTE) 【几】渐开(伸)线 [Latin involutus, past part. of involvere: see INVOLVE]

involuted /ˈinvəl(j)u:tid/ adj.  1  complicated, abstruse 复杂的，难懂的 2  = INVOLUTEadj. 2 

involution /invəˈl(j)u:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of involving 卷入 2  an entanglement 纠缠 3  intricacy 错综复杂 4  curling inwards 内卷 5  a part that curls inwards 内卷部分 6 Math.  the raising of a quantity to any power 【数】乘方 7 Physiol.  the reduction in size of an organ in old age, or when its purpose has been fulfilled (esp. the uterus after childbirth) 【生理】衰退；(尤指产后子宫)复旧 □ involutional  adj.   [Latin involutio (as INVOLVE)]

involve /inˈvɒlv/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  cause (a person or thing) to participate, or share the experience or effect (of a situation, activity, etc.) 使(某人、某事)参与；共同具有(形势、活动等)经验(效果) 2  imply, entail, make necessary 使有必要；使承担；需要 3 (foll. by 后跟 in)  implicate (a person in a charge, crime, etc.) 使(某人)牵连进(指控、犯罪等中) 4  include or affect in its operations 包括；影响 5 (as 作 involved adj.)  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  concerned or interested 有关的，有牵扯的；有利害关系的b  complicated in thought or form (思想或形式)复杂的；混乱的c  amorously associated (爱情上)有染的；有关系的 [Middle English from Latin involvere involut- (as IN-2, volvere ‘roll’)]

involvement /inˈvɒlvm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  the act or an instance of involving; the process of being involved 卷入；牵连；包含 2  a complicated affair or concern 复杂的事情(关系)

invulnerable /inˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be wounded or hurt, physically or mentally 不能伤害的；攻不破的 □ invulnerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ invulnerably  adv.   [Latin invulnerabilis (as IN-1, VULNERABLE)]

inward /ˈinwəd/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  directed toward the inside; going in 朝里的；入内的 2  situated within 位于内部的 3  mental, spiritual 内心的；精神的 ●adv. (also 亦作 inwards)  1 (of motion or position) towards the inside (运动、位置)向内 2  in the mind or soul 在心灵深处 [Old English innanweard (as IN, -WARD)]

inward investment n.  investment made within a country 国内投资

inward-looking adj.  introverted, self-absorbed, insular 性格内向的；专顾自己的；思想狭窄的

inwardly /ˈinwədli/ adv.  1  on the inside 在内部 2  in the mind or soul 在心灵深处 3 (of speaking) not aloud; inaudibly (说话)小声地；听不见 [Old English inweardlīce (as INWARD)]

inwardness /ˈinwədnis/ n.  1  inner nature; essence 本质；真意 2  the condition of being inward 心性 3  spirituality 灵性、精神性

inwards var.  of INWARD  adv. INWARD 副词的变体

inweave /inˈwi:v/ v. tr. (also 亦作 enweave) (past -wove /-ˈwəʊv/; past part. -woven /-ˈwəʊv(ə)n/)  1  weave (two or more things) together 使(两种或两种以上东西)织在一起 2  intermingle 使交织

inwrap var.  of ENWRAP  ENWRAP 的变体

inwreathe var.  of ENWREATHE  ENWREATHE 的变体

inwrought /inˈrɔ:t, 作 attrib. ˈinrɔ:t/ adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a fabric) decorated (with a pattern) (织物)织有(图案)的b (often foll. by 常后跟 in, on) (of a pattern) wrought (in or on a fabric) (图案)织在(织物上)的 2  closely blended 紧密混合的

in-your-face adj. (also 亦作 in your face predic.) slang  aggressively blatant or provocative [俚语]放肆的；挑衅的 [from in your face used as a derisive insult]

IOC abbr.  International Olympic Committee [缩略]国际奥林匹克委员会

iodic /aiˈɒdik/ adj. Chem.  containing iodine in chemical combination 【化】含碘的  iodic acid  碘酸 □ iodate  /ˈaiədeit/ n.  

iodide /ˈaiədaid/ n. Chem.  any compound of iodine with another element or group 【化】碘化物

iodinate /ˈaiədineit, aiˈɒdineit/ v. tr.  treat or combine with iodine 用碘处理；使碘化 □ iodination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

iodine /ˈaiədi:n, -ain, -in/ n.  1 Chem.  a non-metallic element of the halogen group, forming black crystals and a violet vapour, used in medicine and photography, and important as an essential element for living organisms (symbol 符 I) 【化】(化学元素)碘 2  a solution of this in alcohol used as a mild antiseptic 碘酒 [French iode from Greek iōdēs ‘violet-like’, from ion ‘violet’ + -INE4]

iodism /ˈaiədiz(ə)m/ n. Med.  a condition caused by an overdose of iodides 【医】碘中毒

iodize /ˈaiədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat or impregnate with iodine 用碘处理；使碘化 □ iodization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

iodo- /ˈaiədəʊ, aiˈəʊdəʊ/ comb. form (usu. iod- before a vowel 在元音前通常作 iod-) Chem.  iodine [构词成分]【化】碘

iodoform /aiˈəʊdə(ʊ)fɔ:m, ˈaiədə(ʊ)-, aiˈɒdə(ʊ)-/ n.  a pale yellow volatile sweet-smelling solid iodine compound with antiseptic properties Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CHI3 碘仿；三碘甲烷 [IODINE, on the pattern of chloroform]

IOM abbr.  Isle of Man [缩略]马恩岛

ion /ˈaiən/ n.  an atom, molecule, or group that has lost one or more electrons (= CATION), or gained one or more electrons (= ANION) 离子 [Greek, neut. pres. part. of eimi ‘go’]

-ion /(ə)n, iən, jən/ suffix (usu. as 通常作 -sion, -tion, -xion; see 见 -ATION, -ITION, -UTION) forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  verbal action (excision 删除；切除) 动词行为 2  an instance of this (a suggestion 一项建议) 动词行为的实例 3  a resulting state or product (vexation 烦恼 ; concoction 阴谋) 状态；结果 [from or suggested by French -ion or Latin -io -ionis]

ion exchange n.  the exchange of ions of the same charge between a usu. aqueous solution and a solid, used in water-softening, separation of chemical compounds, etc. 离子交换(作用) □ ion-exchanger  n.  

Ionian /aiˈəʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of ancient Ionia in western Asia Minor 爱奥尼亚人(居民，住在小亚细亚西部) ●adj.  of or relating to Ionia or the Ionians (有关)爱奥尼亚的；(有关)爱奥尼亚人的 [Latin Ionius from Greek Iōnios]

Ionian mode n. Mus.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale C － C 【音】爱奥尼亚调式

Ionic /aiˈɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the order of Greek architecture characterized by a column with scroll-shapes on either side of the capital 爱奥尼亚柱式的(柱头有涡卷形装饰) 2  of the ancient Greek dialect used in Ionia 小亚细亚西部使用的古希腊方言 ●n.  the Ionic dialect 爱奥尼亚方言 [Latin Ionicus from Greek Iōnikos]

ionic /aiˈɒnik/ adj.  of, relating to, or using ions (有关)离子的；使用离子的 □ ionically  adv.  

ionization /aiənaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  the process of producing ions as a result of solvation, heat, radiation, etc. 离子化；电离(作用)

ionization chamber n.  an instrument for detecting ionizing radiation 电离室

ionize /ˈaiənaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert or be converted into an ion or ions (使)电离，(使)离子化 □ ionizable  adj.  

ionizer /ˈaiənaizə/ n.  any thing which produces ionization, esp. a device used to improve the quality of the air in a room etc. 电离剂；(尤指)离子发生器

ionizing radiation n.  a radiation of sufficient energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes 致电离辐射

ionosphere /aiˈɒnəsfiə/ n.  an ionized region of the atmosphere above the stratosphere, extending to about 1,000 km above the earth's surface and able to reflect radio waves for long-distance transmission round the earth (cf. 参见 TROPOSPHERE) 电离层 □ ionospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.  

-ior1 /iə, jə/ suffix  forming adjectives of comparison (senior 较年长的 ; ulterior 较远的) 构成形容词的比较级 [Latin]

-ior2 var.  of -IOUR  -IOUR 的变体

iota /aiˈəʊtə/ n.  1  the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (I, ι) 希腊文字母表中的第 9 个字母 (I, ι) 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  the smallest possible amount 极少量 [Greek iōta (as the smallest letter): cf. JOT]

IOU n.  a signed document acknowledging a debt 借据 [abbreviation of I owe you]

-iour /iə, jə/ suffix (also 亦作 -ior)  forming nouns (saviour 救星 ; warrior 武士) 构成名词 [-I- (as a stem element) + -OUR2, -OR1]

-ious /iəs, əs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘characterized by, full of’, often corresponding to nouns in -ion (cautious 谨慎的 ; curious 好奇的 ; spacious 广阔的) 构成形容词，表示“具有…性质的”；“充满…的”(常与带 -ion 的名词相对应) [from or suggested by French -ieux from Latin -iosus]

IOW abbr.  Isle of Wight [缩略] (英)怀特岛

IPA abbr.  International Phonetic Alphabet (or Association) [缩略]国际音标；国际语音学协会

ipecac /ˈipikæk/ n. colloq.  ipecacuanha [口]吐根(制剂) [abbreviation]

ipecacuanha /ˌipikækjʊˈænə/ n.  the root of a S. American shrub, Cephaelis ipecacuanha, used as an emetic and expectorant (南美)吐根的根茎(用作催吐剂和除痰剂) [Portuguese from Tupi-Guarani ipekaaguéne ‘emetic creeper’]

IPMS abbr. (in the UK) Institution of Professionals, Managers, and Specialists [缩略] (英国)专业人员、经理、专家协会

ipomoea /ipəˈmi:ə/ n.  any twining plant of the genus Ipomoea, having trumpet-shaped flowers, e.g. the sweet potato and morning glory 番薯属植物 [modern Latin, from Greek ips ipos ‘worm’ + homoios ‘like’]

ips abbr. (also 亦作 i.p.s.)  inches per second [缩略]每秒英寸数，英寸 / 秒

ipse dixit /ipsi: ˈdiksit, ipsei/ n.  a dogmatic statement resting merely on the speaker's authority 武断的话；专横的意见 [Latin, ‘he himself said it’ (originally of Pythagoras)]

ipsilateral /ipsiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  belonging to or occurring on the same side of the body (发生在)身体同侧的 [formed irregularly from Latin ipse ‘self’ + LATERAL]

ipsissima verba /ipˌsisimə ˈvɜ:bə/ n. pl.  the precise words 原话；原文 [Latin]

ipso facto /ipsəʊ ˈfæktəʊ/ adv.  1  by that very fact or act 根据该事实(行为) 2  thereby 因此 [Latin]

IQ abbr. [缩略]  = INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT 

-ique archaic var.  of -IC [古义] -IC 的变体

IR abbr. [缩略]  infra-red 

Ir symb. Chem.  the element iridium [符]【化】(化学元素)铱

ir- /i/ prefix  assim. form of IN-1, IN-2 before r (用在字母 r 前) IN-1 、 IN-2 的同化形式

IRA abbr.  Irish Republican Army [缩略]爱尔兰共和军

Iran   伊朗

Iranian /iˈreiniən, iˈrɑ:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Iran in the Middle East (中东)伊朗的；有关伊朗的 2  of or relating to the Indo-European group of languages including Persian, Pashto, Avestan, and Kurdish (印欧语系中)伊朗语族(包括波斯语、普什图语、阿维斯陀语和库尔德语)；与(印欧语系中)伊朗语族有关的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Iran 伊朗人；伊朗国民 2  a person of Iranian descent 伊朗后裔

Iraq   伊拉克

Iraqi /iˈrɑ:ki/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Iraq in the Middle East (中东)伊拉克的；有关伊拉克的 ●n. (pl. Iraqis)  1  a  a native or national of Iraq 伊拉克人；伊拉克国民b  a person of Iraqi descent 伊拉克后裔 2  the form of Arabic spoken in Iraq 伊拉克人讲的阿拉伯语

irascible /iˈræsib(ə)l/ adj.  irritable; hot-tempered 易怒的；性情暴躁的 □ irascibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irascibly  adv.   [Middle English via French and Late Latin irascibilis from Latin irasci ‘grow angry’, from ira ‘anger’]

irate /aiˈreit/ adj.  angry, enraged 生气的；愤怒的 □ irately  adv.  □ irateness  n.   [Latin iratus from ira ‘anger’]

IRBM abbr.  intermediate-range ballistic missile [缩略]中程弹道导弹

ire /ˈaiə/ n. literary  anger [文学用语]愤怒 □ ireful  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin ira]

Ireland /ˈaiələnd/ n.  1  爱尔兰岛[西欧] 2  爱尔兰(在爱尔兰岛南部) [西欧国家]

Irene /aiˈri:ni, ˈairi:n/   艾琳 [人名]

irenic /aiˈrenik, -ˈri:-/ adj. (also 亦作 irenical, eirenic) literary  aiming or aimed at peace [文学用语]为了和平的；促进和平的 [Greek eirēnikos: see EIRENICON]

irenicon var.  of EIRENICON  EIRENICON 的变体

iridaceous /airiˈdeiʃəs, ir-/ adj. Bot.  of or relating to the family Iridaceae of plants growing from bulbs, corms, or rhizomes, e.g. iris, crocus, and gladiolus 【植】(有关)鸢尾科的 [modern Latin iridaceus (as IRIS)]

iridescent /iriˈdes(ə)nt/ adj.  1  showing rainbow-like luminous or gleaming colours 彩虹的；彩虹色的 2  changing colour with position (因位置改动)变色的 □ iridescence  n.  □ iridescently  adv.   [Latin irid- (as IRIS) + -ESCENT]

iridium /iˈridiəm, ai-/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic element of the transition series used esp. in alloys (symbol 符 Ir) 【化】(化学元素)铱 [modern Latin, from Latin irid- (as IRIS) + -IUM]

iridology /airiˈdɒlədʒi, ir-/ n. (in alternative medicine) diagnosis by examination of the iris of the eye (替代疗法)虹膜学(根据虹膜诊断病症) □ iridologist  n.   [Greek iris iridos ‘iris’ + -LOGY]

Iris /ˈaiəris/   艾里斯 [人名]

iris /ˈairis/ n.  1  the flat circular coloured membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with a circular opening (pupil) in the centre 虹膜 2  any herbaceous plant of the genus Iris (family Iridaceae), usu. with tuberous roots, sword-shaped leaves, and showy flowers (鸢尾科的一属)鸢尾属植物 3 (in full 全称 iris diaphragm)  an adjustable diaphragm of thin overlapping plates for regulating the size of a central hole esp. for the admission of light to a lens 虹彩光圈，可变光阑 [Middle English via Latin iris iridis from Greek iris iridos ‘rainbow, iris’]

Irish /ˈairiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Ireland, its people, or its Celtic language (有关)爱尔兰的；(有关)爱尔兰人的；(有关)凯尔特语的 ●n.  1  the Celtic language of Ireland (爱尔兰)凯尔特语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of Ireland 爱尔兰人 □ Irishness  n.   [Middle English from Old English Iras ‘the Irish’]

Irish bull n.  = BULL3 

Irish coffee n.  coffee mixed with a dash of Irish whiskey and served with cream on top (加威士忌酒及奶油的)浓味爱尔兰热咖啡

Irishman /ˈairiʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is Irish by birth or descent 爱尔兰人；爱尔兰人的后裔

Irish moss n.  = CARRAGEEN 

Irish stew n.  a stew of mutton, potato, and onion 土豆洋葱炖羊肉

Irish terrier n.  1  a terrier of a rough-haired light reddish-brown breed 爱尔兰猎犬 2  this breed 爱尔兰猎犬种

Irish wolfhound n.  1  a large, often greyish hound of a rough-coated breed 爱尔兰狼犬 2  this breed 爱尔兰狼犬种

Irishwoman /ˈairiʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is Irish by birth or descent 爱尔兰女人；爱尔兰后裔的女人

iritis /aiˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of the iris 虹膜炎

irk /ɜ:k/ v. tr. (often prec. by it as subject 常前接 it 作为主语)  irritate, bore, annoy 使厌烦；使厌倦；使恼怒 [Middle English: origin unknown]

irksome /ˈɜ:ks(ə)m/ adj.  tedious, annoying, tiresome 令人厌倦的；令人恼怒的；令人厌烦的 □ irksomely  adv.  □ irksomeness  n.  

Irkutsk /iəˈkutsk/ n.  伊尔库次克 [俄罗斯城市]

IRO abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Inland Revenue Office (英国)国内税务局 2  International Refugee Organization 国际难民组织

iroko /iˈrəʊkəʊ, i:-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  either of two African trees, Chlorophora excelsa or C. regia (非洲树种)大绿柄桑；高贵绿柄桑 2  the light-coloured hardwood from these trees 绿柄桑木材 [Ibo]

iron /ˈaiən/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a silver-white ductile metallic element occurring naturally as haematite, magnetite, etc., much used for tools and implements, and an essential element in all living organisms (symbol 符 Fe) 【化】(化学元素)铁 2  this as a type of unyieldingness or a symbol of firmness 坚强；刚强  man of iron  铁汉 will of iron  钢铁般的意志 3  a tool or implement made of iron 铁制品；铁器  branding iron  烙铁，火印 curling iron  卷发钳 4  a household, now usu. electrical, implement with a flat base which is heated to smooth clothes etc. 熨斗 5  a golf club with an iron or steel sloping head which is angled in order to loft the ball (高尔夫)铁头球棒 often in comb. with a number indicating the degree of angle 常用于表示角度大小的数字的复合词 : seven-iron  七号球棒 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a fetter 镣铐  clapped in irons  戴上镣铐 7 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a stirrup (马)镫具 8 (often in pl. 常用复数) Brit. archaic  an iron support for a malformed leg [英古义] (矫正腿畸形用的)铁夹腿 9  a preparation of iron as a tonic or dietary supplement 铁质补剂  iron tablets  含铁药片 ●adj.  1  made of iron 铁制的 2  very robust 强健的 3  unyielding, merciless 坚强的；无情的  iron determination  坚强的决心 ●v. tr.  1  smooth (clothes etc.) with an iron (用熨斗)熨(衣服等) 2  furnish or cover with iron 用铁装备；用铁包 3  shackle with irons 带上镣铐 □ in irons   handcuffed, chained, etc. 上镣铐□ iron in the fire   an undertaking, opportunity, or commitment 从事的任务(机会、义务) usu. in pl. 通常用复数 : too many irons in the fire  同时要办的事情太多□ iron out   remove or smooth over (difficulties etc.) 消除；解除(困难等)□ ironer  n.  □ ironless  adj.  □ iron-like  adj.   [Old English īren, īsern from Germanic, probably from Celtic]

Iron Age n.  the period following the Bronze Age when iron replaced bronze in the making of implements and weapons, lasting in Europe until the Roman period 铁器时代

ironbark /ˈaiənbɑ:k/ n.  any of various eucalyptus trees, esp. Eucalyptus paniculata and E. sideroxylon, with a thick solid bark and hard dense timber 桉树属植物

iron-bound adj.  1  bound with iron 包铁的 2  rigorous; hard and fast 严酷的；坚硬的；稳固的 3 (of a coast) rock-bound (海岸)岩石围绕的

ironclad adj. & n. ●adj. /aiənˈklæd/  1  clad or protected with iron 包铁的；装甲的 2  impregnable; rigorous 攻不破的；严格的 ●n. /ˈaiənklæd/ hist.  an early name for a 19th-c. warship protected by iron plates [史义]装甲舰；铁甲舰

Iron Cross n.  the highest German military decoration for bravery (德军的)铁十字勋章

Iron Curtain n. hist.  a notional barrier to the passage of people and information between the former Soviet bloc and the West [史义]铁幕(前苏联阵营与西方之间的阻碍人员和信息交流的无形屏障)

iron hand n.  firmness or inflexibility (cf. 参见 VELVET GLOVE) 铁腕

ironic /aiˈrɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 ironical)  1  using or displaying irony 冷嘲的；挖苦的 2  in the nature of irony 具有讽刺意味的 □ ironically  adv.   [French ironique or Late Latin ironicus from Greek eirōnikos ‘dissembling’ (as IRONY1)]

ironing /ˈaiəniŋ/ n.  clothes etc. for ironing or just ironed 要熨烫的衣服；熨烫过的衣服

ironing board n.  a flat surface usu. on legs and of adjustable height on which clothes etc. are ironed 熨衣板

ironist /ˈair(ə)nist/ n.  a person who uses irony 使用反语者，冷嘲者 □ ironize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Greek eirōn ‘dissembler’ + -IST]

iron lung n.  a rigid case fitted over a patient's body, used for administering prolonged artificial respiration by means of mechanical pumps 人工呼吸器；铁肺

iron maiden n. hist.  an instrument of torture consisting of a coffin-shaped box lined with iron spikes [史义] (形似棺材，内置尖钉的刑具)铁女架

iron man /ˈaiən mæn/ n.  1  a brave or robust man, esp. a powerful athlete 硬汉子；(尤指)体力充沛的运动选手 2  a multi-event sporting contest demanding stamina, esp. a consecutive triathlon of swimming, cycling, and running 多项铁人运动；(尤指)铁人三项运动

ironmaster /ˈaiənmɑ:stə/ n.  a manufacturer of iron 铁器制造商，制铁业者

ironmonger /ˈaiənmʌŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a dealer in hardware etc. [英]小五金商 □ ironmongery  n. (pl. -ies)  

iron-mould n. (US [美] iron-mold)  a spot caused by iron-rust or an ink-stain, esp. on fabric (尤指织物上)铁锈迹；墨水迹

iron-on adj.  able to be fixed to the surface of a fabric etc. by ironing (能用熨烫法)固定在织物表面的

iron pyrites  see 见 PYRITES 

iron rations n. pl.  a small emergency supply of food 军用干粮；野战应急干粮

Ironsides /ˈaiənsaidz/ n.  a man of great bravery, esp. (treated as pl. 尤看作复数) Cromwell's troopers in the English Civil War 勇敢刚毅的人；克伦威尔铁甲军

ironstone /ˈaiənstəʊn/ n.  1  any rock containing a substantial proportion of an iron compound 含铁矿石 2  a kind of hard white opaque stoneware (一种不透明的)硬质白色陶器(瓷器或石器)

ironware /ˈaiənwɛə/ n.  articles made of iron, esp. domestic implements 铁器(尤指家用铁制用具)

ironwork /ˈaiənwɜ:k/ n.  1  things made of iron 铁制品 2  work in iron 铁工

ironworks /ˈaiənwɜ:ks/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a place where iron is smelted or iron goods are made 钢铁厂

irony1 /ˈairəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an expression of meaning, often humorous or sarcastic, by the use of language of a different or opposite tendency 冷嘲；反语 2  an ill-timed or perverse arrival of an event or circumstance that is in itself desirable 出人意料的(不吉祥的，不正常的)事件(情况) 3 (also 亦作 dramatic irony)  a literary technique in which the audience can perceive hidden meanings unknown to the characters 戏剧性讽刺(剧中人未察觉而观众却能领会) [Latin ironia from Greek eirōneia ‘simulated ignorance’, from eirōn ‘dissembler’]

irony2 /ˈaiəni/ adj.  of or like iron (似)铁的

Iroquoian /irəˈkwɔiən, -ˈkɔi-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a language family of eastern N. America, including Cherokee and Mohawk (北美东部)易洛魁语系(包括彻罗基语及莫霍克语) 2  a member of the Iroquois Indians 易洛魁印第安人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Iroquois or the Iroquoian language family or one of its members (有关)易洛魁族的；(有关)易洛魁语系的；(有关)易洛魁人的

Iroquois /ˈirəkwɔi, -kɔi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a confederacy of six American Indian peoples (Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Tuscarora) formerly inhabiting New York State, now living mainly in Canada 易洛魁联盟(原居住在纽约州 6 个印第安人部落——莫霍克人、奥内达人、塞内卡人、奥农达加人、卡尤加人及图斯卡罗拉人的联盟，现在主要居住于加拿大)b  a member of any of these peoples 易洛魁联盟成员 2  any of the Iroquoian languages of these peoples 易洛魁语系 ●adj.  of or relating to the Iroquois or their languages (有关)易洛魁联盟的；(有关)易洛魁语系的 [French from Algonquian]

irradiant /iˈreidiənt/ adj. literary  shining brightly [文学用语]光辉灿烂的 □ irradiance  n.  

irradiate /iˈreidieit/ v. tr.  1  subject to (any form of) radiation (任何形式光)照射，辐照 2  shine upon; light up 照耀；照亮 3  throw light on (a subject) 阐明(议题) □ irradiative  /-diətiv/ adj.   [Latin irradiare irradiat- (as IN-2, radiare from radius RAY1)]

irradiation /iˌreidiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of irradiating 照耀；发光 2  the process of exposing food to gamma rays to kill micro-organisms (食品)伽马射线照射(法) 3  shining, illumination 发亮；照亮 4  the apparent extension of the edges of an illuminated object seen against a dark background 光渗 [French irradiation or Late Latin irradiatio (as IRRADIATE)]

irrational /iˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  illogical; unreasonable 不合逻辑的；无理性的 2  not endowed with reason 不合理的 3 Math. (of a root etc.) not rational; not commensurate with the natural numbers 【数】(根等)无理的 (e.g. a non-terminating decimal 无穷小数) □ irrationality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ irrationalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ irrationally  adv.   [Latin irrationalis (as IN-1, RATIONAL)]

irreclaimable /iriˈkleiməb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be reclaimed or reformed 不能开垦的；无可改造的 □ irreclaimably  adv.  

irreconcilable /iˌrek(ə)nˈsailəb(ə)l, iˈrek(ə)nsailəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  implacably hostile 势不两立的 2 (of ideas etc.) incompatible (思想等)不相容的 ●n.  1  an uncompromising opponent of a political measure etc. (某项政治措施)不妥协的反对者；政敌 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of two or more items, ideas, etc., that cannot be made to agree (项目、思想等)不能调和的 □ irreconcilability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irreconcilableness  n.  □ irreconcilably  adv.  

irrecoverable /iriˈkʌv(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be recovered or remedied 不能恢复的；无法弥补的 □ irrecoverably  adv.  

irrecusable /iriˈkju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  that must be accepted 必须接受的 [French irrécusable or Late Latin irrecusabilis (as IN-1, recusare refuse)]

irredeemable /iriˈdi:məb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be redeemed 不能赎回的 2  hopeless, absolute 无望的，绝对的 3  a (of a government annuity) not terminable by repayment (政府年金)不能通过偿还而终止的b (of paper currency) for which the issuing authority does not undertake ever to pay coin (纸币)不能兑换硬币的 □ irredeemability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irredeemably  adv.  

irredentist /iriˈdentist/ n.  a person, esp. in 19th-c. Italy, advocating the restoration to his or her country of any territory formerly belonging to it (尤指 19 世纪意大利的)领土收复主义者，民族统一主义者 □ irredentism  n.   [Italian irredentista from (Italia) irredenta ‘unredeemed (Italy) ’]

irreducible /iriˈdju:sib(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be reduced or simplified 不能减小的；不可简化的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  that cannot be brought to a desired condition 难复位的 □ irreducibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irreducibly  adv.  

irrefragable /iˈrefrəɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a statement, argument, or person) unanswerable, indisputable (陈述、争论、人)无法反驳的；无可辩驳的 2 (of rules etc.) inviolable (条款等)不可违反的 □ irrefragably  adv.   [Late Latin irrefragabilis (as IN-1, refragari oppose)]

irrefrangible /iriˈfræn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj.  1  inviolable 不可违反的 2 Optics  incapable of being refracted 【光学】不能折射的

irrefutable /iˈrefjʊtəb(ə)l, iriˈfju:-/ adj.  that cannot be refuted 不能反驳的 □ irrefutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irrefutably  adv.   [Late Latin irrefutabilis (as IN-1, REFUTE)]

irregular /iˈreɡjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not regular in shape, unsymmetrical; varying in form (形状)不规则的；不对称的；(形式)不一致的 2 (of a surface) uneven (面)不平的 3  contrary to a rule, moral principle, or custom; abnormal 违反规则(道德、习俗)的；不合常规的 4  uneven in duration, order, etc.; not occurring at regular intervals (期间、顺序)不稳定的；无规律的 5 (of troops) not belonging to the regular army (部队)非正规军的 6 Gram. (of a verb, noun, etc.) not inflected according to the usual rules 【语法】(动词、名词等)不规则变化的 7  disorderly 无秩序的 8 (of a flower) having unequal petals etc. (花)不对称花瓣的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  irregular troops 非正规军 □ irregularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ irregularly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French irreguler from Late Latin irregularis (as IN-1, REGULAR)]

irrelative /iˈrelətiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unconnected, unrelated 无关连的，无联系的 2  having no relations; absolute 无关系的；纯粹的 3  irrelevant 不相干的 □ irrelatively  adv.  

irrelevant /iˈreliv(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not relevant; not applicable (to a matter in hand) (与进行中的事)不相关的；不能应用的 □ irrelevance  n.  □ irrelevancy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ irrelevantly  adv.  

irreligion /iriˈlidʒ(ə)n/ n.  disregard of or hostility to religion 漠视宗教；敌视宗教 □ irreligionist  n.   [French irréligion or Latin irreligio (as IN-1, RELIGION)]

irreligious /iriˈlidʒəs/ adj.  1  indifferent or hostile to religion 漠视宗教的；敌视宗教的 2  lacking a religion 缺乏宗教(信仰)的 □ irreligiously  adv.  □ irreligiousness  n.  

irremediable /iriˈmi:diəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be remedied 不能恢复的，不能改正的，不能补救的 □ irremediably  adv.   [Latin irremediabilis (as IN-1, REMEDY)]

irremissible /iriˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  1  unpardonable 不能饶恕的 2  unalterably obligatory 不可免除的，必须承担的 [Middle English from Old French irremissible or ecclesiastical Latin irremissibilis (as IN-1, REMISSIBLE)]

irremovable /iriˈmu:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be removed, esp. from office 不能撤职的(尤指官职) □ irremovability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irremovably  adv.  

irreparable /iˈrep(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (of an injury, loss, etc.) that cannot be rectified or made good (伤害、损失等)不能修复的；无法弥补的 □ irreparability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irreparableness  n.  □ irreparably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French from Latin irreparabilis (as IN-1, REPARABLE)]

irreplaceable /iriˈpleisəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be replaced 不能替代的 2  of which the loss cannot be made good (损失)无法补偿的 □ irreplaceably  adv.  

irrepressible /iriˈpresib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be repressed or restrained 压制不住的；约束不了的 □ irrepressibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irrepressibleness  n.  □ irrepressibly  adv.  

irreproachable /iriˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  faultless, blameless 无瑕疵的，无可指责的 □ irreproachability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irreproachableness  n.  □ irreproachably  adv.   [French irréprochable (as IN-1, REPROACH)]

irresistible /iriˈzistib(ə)l/ adj.  1  too strong or convincing to be resisted 不可抵抗的；不可抗拒的 2  delightful; alluring 讨人喜欢的；富有诱惑力的 □ irresistibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irresistibleness  n.  □ irresistibly  adv.   [medieval Latin irresistibilis (as IN-1, RESIST)]

irresolute /iˈrezəlu:t/ adj.  1  hesitant, undecided 犹豫不决的；无决断的 2  lacking in resoluteness 优柔寡断的 □ irresolutely  adv.  □ irresoluteness  n.  □ irresolution  /-ˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, -ˈlju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

irresolvable /iriˈzɒlvəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be resolved into its components 不能分解的 2 (of a problem) that cannot be solved (问题)不能解决的

irrespective /iriˈspektiv/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  not taking into account; regardless of 不考虑的；不顾的 □ irrespectively  adv.  

irresponsible /iriˈspɒnsib(ə)l/ adj.  1  acting or done without due sense of responsibility 无责任感的 2  not responsible for one's conduct 不负责任的 □ irresponsibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irresponsibly  adv.  

irresponsive /iriˈspɒnsiv/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not responsive 无反应的 □ irresponsiveness  n.  

irretrievable /iriˈtri:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be retrieved or restored 不能弥补的；无法恢复的 □ irretrievability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irretrievably  adv.  

irreverent /iˈrev(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  lacking reverence; disrespectful 不敬重的；不尊敬的 □ irreverence  n.  □ irreverential  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ irreverently  adv.   [Latin irreverens (as IN-1, REVERENT)]

irreversible /iriˈvɜ:sib(ə)l/ adj.  not reversible or alterable 不可逆的，不能倒转的；不可改变的 □ irreversibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irreversibly  adv.  

irrevocable /iˈrevəkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unalterable 不可改变的 2  gone beyond recall 不可挽回的 □ irrevocability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irrevocably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin irrevocabilis (as IN-1, REVOKE)]

irrigate /ˈiriɡeit/ v. tr.  1  a  supply water to (land) by means of channels 灌溉(土地)b (of a stream etc.) supply (land) with water (河流等)浇(地) 2 Med.  apply a cleansing or cooling flow of water or medication to (a wound etc.) 【医】冲洗(伤口等) 3  refresh as with moisture 使滋润 □ irrigable  adj.  □ irrigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ irrigative  adj.  □ irrigator  n.   [Latin irrigare (as IN-2, rigare ‘moisten’)]

irritable /ˈiritəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  easily annoyed or angered 易躁的；易怒的 2 (of an organ etc.) very sensitive to contact (器官等)过敏的 3 Biol.  responding actively to physical stimulus 【生】应激性的 □ irritability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ irritably  adv.   [Latin irritabilis (as IRRITATE)]

irritable bowel syndrome n.  a condition involving abdominal pain and diarrhoea or constipation and associated with stress, depression, etc. 肠易激综合征

irritant /ˈirit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing irritation (引起)刺激的 ●n.  an irritant substance 刺激物(剂) □ irritancy  n.  

irritate /ˈiriteit/ v. tr.  1  excite to anger; annoy 激怒；使恼怒 2  stimulate discomfort or pain in (a part of the body) 使(身体某部)难受(痛疼) 3 Biol.  stimulate (an organ) to an active response 【生】引起兴奋，刺激(器官)活动 □ irritatedly  adv.  □ irritating  adj.  □ irritatingly  adv.  □ irritation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ irritative  adj.  □ irritator  n.   [Latin irritare irritat-]

irrupt /iˈrʌpt/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  enter forcibly or suddenly 闯进；侵入 [Latin irrumpere irrupt- (as IN-2, rumpere ‘break’)]

irruption /iˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the action of irrupting; a sudden incursion 闯入(行动)；(突然)侵入 2  a sudden temporary increase in the local population of a migrant bird or animal species (当地候鸟或移栖动物物种种群的)激剧增加(繁殖) □ irruptive  adj.  

Is. abbr. [缩略]  1  a  Island(s) b  Isle(s)  2 (also 亦作 Isa.)  Isaiah (Old Testament) 《旧约·以赛亚书》

is 3rd sing. present  of BE  

Isaac /ˈaizək/   艾萨克 [人名]

Isabel /ˈizəbel/   伊莎贝尔 [人名]

Isabella /ˌizəˈbelə/   伊莎贝拉 [人名]

isagogic /aisəˈɡɒdʒik/ adj.  introductory 序言的 [Latin isagogicus from Greek eisagōgikos, via eisagōgē ‘introduction’, from eis ‘into’ + agōgē ‘leading’, from agō ‘lead’]

isagogics /aisəˈɡɒdʒiks/ n.  an introductory study, esp. of the literary and external history of the Bible (尤指对《圣经》的文学源流和时代背景的)入门研究

isatin /ˈaisətin/ n. Chem.  a red crystalline derivative of indole used in the manufacture of dyes 【化】靛红 [Latin isatis ‘woad’, from Greek]

ISBN abbr.  international standard book number [缩略]国际标准书号

ischaemia /iˈski:miə/ n. (US [美] ischemia) Med.  a reduction of the blood supply to part of the body 【医】局部缺(贫)血 □ ischaemic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek iskhaimos, from iskhō ‘keep back’]

ischium /ˈiskiəm/ n. (pl. ischia /-kiə/)  the curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis 坐骨 □ ischial  adj.   [Latin from Greek iskhion ‘hip joint’: cf. SCIATIC]

ISDN abbr.  intergrated services digital network [缩略]综合业务数字网(即一线通)

-ise1 suffix var.  of -IZE -IZE 的变体■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at -IZE. 见 -IZE 的用法说明。 

-ise2 /aiz, i:z/ suffix  forming nouns of quality, state, or function (exercise 练习 ; expertise 专长 ; franchise 特权 ; merchandise 商品) 构成性质、状态、功能的名词 [from or suggested by French or Old French -ise from Latin -itia etc.]

-ise3 suffix var.  of -ISH2 -ISH2 的变体

isentropic /aisenˈtrɒpik/ adj.  having equal entropy 等熵的 [ISO- + ENTROPY]

-ish1 /iʃ/ suffix forming adjectives 构成形容词 :  1  from nouns, meaning 由名词演变，表示 :a  having the qualities or characteristics of (boyish 孩子气的) 有…性质的；有…特征的b  of the nationality of (Danish 丹麦人的) …民族的 2  from adjectives, meaning ‘somewhat’ (thickish 有些厚的) 由形容词演变，表示“有点儿…的” 3 colloq.  denoting an approximate age or time of day (fortyish 40 岁上下 ; six-thirtyish 6 点 30 分左右) [口] (表示年龄或时间)大约…，…左右 [Old English -isc]

-ish2 /iʃ/ suffix (also 亦作 -ise /aiz/)  forming verbs (vanish 消失) 构成动词 [from or suggested by French -iss- (in extended stems of verbs ending in -ir) from Latin inceptive suffix -isc-]

isinglass /ˈaiziŋɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a kind of gelatin obtained from fish, esp. sturgeon, and used in making jellies, glue, etc. and for fining beer 鱼胶 2  mica 白云母(片) [corruption of obsolete Dutch huisenblas ‘sturgeon's bladder’, assimilated to GLASS]

Islam /ˈizlɑ:m, ˈis-; isˈlɑ:m, iz-/ n.  1  the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah 伊斯兰教(安拉先知穆罕默德创建、穆斯林信奉的一种宗教) 2  the Muslim world 伊斯兰世界(国家) □ Islamic  /izˈlæmik, izˈlɑ:mik, is-/ adj.  □ Islamism  n.  □ Islamist  n.  □ Islamize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Islamization  /-aiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Arabic islɑˉm ‘submission’ (to God) from aslama ‘resign oneself’]

Islamabad /isˈlɑ:məbɑ:d/ n.  伊斯兰堡 [巴基斯坦首都]

island /ˈailənd/ n.  1  a piece of land surrounded by water 岛屿，岛 2  anything compared to an island, esp. in being surrounded in some way 岛状物 3  = TRAFFIC ISLAND  4  a  a detached or isolated thing 独立物；孤立物b Physiol.  a detached portion of tissue or group of cells (cf. 参见 ISLET) 【生理】独立的组织部分(细胞群) 5 Naut.  a ship's superstructure, bridge, etc. 【海】(舰艇的)甲板上层建筑(舰桥等) [Old English īgland, from īg ‘island’ + LAND: first syllable influenced by ISLE]

islander /ˈailəndə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of an island 岛民；岛上居民

island-hop v. tr.  move from one island to another, esp. as a tourist in an area of small islands (尤指旅游者)越岛；从一岛旅游到另一岛

isle /ail/ n. poet. (and in place names) an island or peninsula, esp. a small one [诗] (地名中)小岛；岛 [Middle English ile (later isle) via Old French ile, isle from Latin insula]

islet /ˈailit/ n.  1  a small island 小岛 2 Anat.  a portion of tissue structurally distinct from surrounding tissues 【解】胰岛 3  an isolated place 孤立地点 [Old French, diminutive of isle ISLE]

islets of Langerhans /ˈlæŋəhænz/ n. pl.  groups of pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon 朗格汉斯氏(小)岛，胰岛 [named after P. Langerhans (d. 1888), German physician]

ism /ˈiz(ə)m/ n. colloq. usu. derog.  any distinctive but unspecified doctrine or practice of a kind with a name in -ism [口] [通常贬]主义；学说；制度；流派

-ism /iz(ə)m/ suffix forming nouns, esp. denoting 构成名词，尤表示 :  1  an action or its result (baptism 洗礼 ; organism 有机体) 行动；结果 2  a system, principle, or ideological movement (Conservatism 保守主义 ; jingoism 侵略主义 ; feminism 争取女权运动) 制度；学说；思想运动 3  a state or quality (heroism 英雄主义 ; barbarism 野蛮状态) 状态；特性 4  a basis of prejudice or discrimination (racism 种族主义 ; sexism 性别歧视) 偏见；歧视 5  a peculiarity in language (Americanism 美国用语) 语言的特色 6  a pathological condition (alcoholism 酒精中毒 ; Parkinsonism 震颤(性)麻痹帕金森氏症) 病态 [from or suggested by French -isme, via Latin -ismus from Greek -ismos or -isma from -izō -IZE]

Ismaili /ismaiˈi:li, ismɑ:-/ n. (pl. Ismailis)  a member of a Muslim Shi'ite sect that arose in the 8th c. 伊斯玛仪派(伊斯兰教什叶派的一个派别，形成于 8 世纪) [Ismail, the name of a son of the patriarch Ibrɑˉhim (= Abraham)]

isn't /ˈiz(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  is not 

ISO abbr.  1 (in the UK) Imperial Service Order (英国)帝国服役勋章 2  International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织

iso- /ˈaisəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  equal (isometric 等体积的；等轴(晶)的) 相同，等同 2 Chem.  isomeric, esp. of a hydrocarbon with a branched chain of carbon atoms (isobutane 异丁烷) 【化】(同分)异构的 [Greek isos ‘equal’]

isobar /ˈaisə(ʊ)bɑ:/ n.  1  a line on a map connecting positions having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period 等压线 2  a curve for a physical system at constant pressure (等压下)物理系统曲线 3  each of two or more isotopes of different elements, with the same atomic weight 同量异位素 □ isobaric  /-ˈbærik/ adj.   [Greek isobarēs ‘of equal weight’ (as ISO-, baros ‘weight’)]

Isobel /ˈizəbel/   伊莎贝尔 [人名]

isocheim /ˈaisə(ʊ)kaim/ n.  a line on a map connecting places having the same average temperature in winter (地图上)等冬温线 [ISO- + Greek kheima ‘winter weather’]

isochromatic /ˌaisə(ʊ)krə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  of the same colour 等色的

isochronous /aiˈsɒkrənəs/ adj.  1  occurring at the same time 等时的 2  occupying equal time 占用相同时间的 □ isochronously  adv.   [ISO- + Greek khronos ‘time’]

isoclinal /aisə(ʊ)ˈklain(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 isoclinic /-ˈklinik/)  1 Geol. (of a fold) in which the two limbs are parallel 【地质】(褶皱)等斜(倾)的 2  corresponding to equal values of magnetic dip 等磁倾的 [ISO- + CLINE]

isodynamic /ˌaisə(ʊ)daiˈnæmik/ adj.  corresponding to equal values of (magnetic) force 等(磁)力的

isoelectric /ˌaisəʊiˈlektrik/ adj.  having or involving no net electric charge or difference in electrical potential 等电(位)的；具有或表示零电位差的 [ISO- + ELECTRIC]

isoelectric focusing n. (also 亦作 isoelectric focussing) Biochem.  a form of high-resolution electrophoresis 【生化】等电聚焦

isoenzyme /ˈaisəʊˌenzaim/ n. Biochem.  each of two or more enzymes with identical function but different structure 【生化】同工酶，同功酶

isogamy /aiˈsɒɡəmi/ n. Biol.  sexual reproduction by fusion of similar gametes 【生】同配生殖 [ISO- + Greek -gamia from gamos ‘marriage’]

isogeotherm /aisə(ʊ)ˈdʒi:ə(ʊ)θɜ:m/ n.  a line or surface connecting points in the interior of the earth having the same temperature 等地温线(面) □ isogeothermal  /-ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  

isogloss /ˈaisə(ʊ)ɡlɒs/ n.  a line on a map marking an area having a distinct linguistic feature (地图上)同言线

isogonic /aisə(ʊ)ˈɡɒnik/ adj.  corresponding to equal values of magnetic declination 等磁偏线的

isohel /ˈaisə(ʊ)hel/ n.  a line on a map connecting places having the same duration of sunshine (地图上)等日照线 [ISO- + Greek hēlios ‘sun’]

isohyet /aisə(ʊ)ˈhaiit/ n.  a line on a map connecting places having the same amount of rainfall in a given period (地图上)等降雨量线 [ISO- + Greek huetos ‘rain’]

isokinetic /ˌaisə(ʊ)kiˈnetik/ adj.  1  characterized by or producing a constant speed 等速性的；产生等速的 2 Physiol.  of or relating to muscular action with a constant rate of movement 【生理】(有关)等动能的

isolate /ˈaisəleit/ v. tr.  1  a  place apart or alone, cut off from society 孤立；使脱离b  place (a patient thought to be contagious or infectious) in quarantine 隔离(传染病人) 2  a  identify and separate for attention 剔出  isolated the problem  剔出问题b Chem.  prepare (a substance) in a pure form 【化】离析(某物质) 3  insulate (electrical apparatus) 使(电气设备)绝缘 □ isolable  /ˈais(ə)ləb(ə)l/ adj.  □ isolatable  adj.  □ isolator  n.   [originally in past part., from French isolé via Italian isolato and Late Latin insulatus from Latin insula ‘island’]

isolated /ˈaisəleitid/ adj.  1  lonely; cut off from society or contact; remote 单独的；隔离的；疏远的  feeling isolated  感到孤独 an isolated farmhouse  孤零零的一所农场住房 2  untypical, exceptional 非典型性的；例外的  an isolated example  一个非典型事例

isolating /ˈaisəleitiŋ/ adj. (of a language) having each element as an independent word without inflections (语言)孤立(语)的

isolation /aisəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of isolating; the state of being isolated or separated 孤立的行为(实例)；脱离的状态；分离 2 (作 attrib.)  designating a hospital, ward, etc. for patients with contagious or infectious diseases (传染病人在医院、病房内)隔离 □ in isolation   considered singly and not relatively 单独地；个别地

isolationism /aisəˈleiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the policy of holding aloof from the affairs of other countries or groups esp. in politics (尤指政治上)孤立主义 □ isolationist  n.  

isoleucine /aisə(ʊ)ˈlu:si:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophobic amino acid that is a constituent of proteins and an essential nutrient 【生化】异亮氨酸 [German Isoleucin (see ISO-, LEUCINE)]

isomer /ˈaisəmə/ n.  1 Chem.  each of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms and different properties 【化】(同分)异构体 2 Physics  each of two or more atomic nuclei that have the same atomic number and the same mass number but different energy states 【物理学】同质异能素 □ isomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ isomerism  /aiˈsɒməriz(ə)m/ n.  □ isomerize  /aiˈsɒməraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)   [German, from Greek isomerēs ‘sharing equally’ (as ISO-, meros ‘share’)]

isomerous /aiˈsɒm(ə)rəs/ adj. Bot. (of a flower) having the same number of petals in each whorl 【植】(花)等基数的 [Greek isomerēs: see ISOMER]

isometric /aisə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  1  of equal measure 等量的，等尺寸的 2 Physiol. (of muscle action) developing tension while the muscle is prevented from contracting 【生理】(肌肉运动)肌肉等长收缩的 3 (of a drawing etc.) with the plane of projection at equal angles to the three principal axes of the object shown (绘图等)等角投影的 4 Math. (of a transformation) without change of shape or size 【数】(变换式)等距的；等比例的 □ isometrically  adv.  □ isometry  /aiˈsɒmitri/ n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)   [Greek isometria ‘equality of measure’ (as ISO-, -METRY)]

isometrics /aisə(ʊ)ˈmetriks/ n. pl.  a system of physical exercises in which muscles are caused to act against each other or against a fixed object 肌力均衡操

isomorph /ˈaisə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  an isomorphic substance or organism 同构体；同形体 [ISO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

isomorphic /aisə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (also 亦作 isomorphous /-fəs/)  1  exactly corresponding in form and relations 同构的 2 Crystallog.  having the same form 【晶】同形(晶)的 □ isomorphism  n.  

-ison /is(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns = -ATION 构成名词，  comparison  对照 garrison  驻军 jettison  投弃 venison  野味 [Old French -aison etc. from Latin -atio etc.: see -ATION]

isophote /ˈaisə(ʊ)fəʊt/ n.  a line (imaginary or in a diagram) of equal brightness or illumination (想像或图表中的)等照度线 [ISO- + Greek phōs phōtos ‘light’]

isopleth /ˈaisə(ʊ)pleθ/ n.  a line on a map connecting places having equal incidence of a meteorological feature (地图上)等值线 [ISO- + Greek plēthos ‘fullness’]

isopod /ˈaisəpɒd/ n.  any crustacean of the order Isopoda, having a flattened body with seven similar pairs of legs, including woodlice, slaters, and many aquatic species 等足类动物(有七对腿，包括潮虫，土鳖虫和许多水生甲壳纲动物) [French isopode from modern Latin Isopoda (as ISO-, Greek pous podos ‘foot’)]

isosceles /aiˈsɒsili:z/ adj. (of a triangle) having two sides equal (三角形)等腰的 [Late Latin from Greek isoskelēs (as ISO-, skelos ‘leg’)]

isoseismal /aisə(ʊ)ˈsaizm(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 isoseismic /-mik/) ●adj.  having equal strength of earthquake shock 等震(级)的 ●n.  a line on a map connecting places having an equal strength of earthquake shock (地图上)等震线

isostasy /aiˈsɒstəsi/ n. Geol.  the equilibrium that exists between parts of the earth's crust, so that they rise if material is removed and sink if it is deposited 【地质】地壳均衡 □ isostatic  /aisə(ʊ)ˈstætik/ adj.   [ISO- + Greek stasis ‘station’]

isothere /ˈaisə(ʊ)θiə/ n.  a line on a map connecting places having the same average temperature in the summer (地图上)等夏温线 [ISO- + Greek theros ‘summer’]

isotherm /ˈaisə(ʊ)θɜ:m/ n.  1  a line on a map connecting places having the same temperature at a given time or on average over a given period (地图上)等(恒)温线 2  a curve for changes in a physical system at a constant temperature (等温下)物理系统曲线 □ isothermal  /-ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  □ isothermally  /-ˈθɜ:m(ə)li/ adv.   [French isotherme (as ISO-, Greek thermē ‘heat’)]

isotonic /aisə(ʊ)ˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  having the same osmotic pressure 等渗压的 2 Physiol. (of muscle action) taking place with normal contraction 【生理】(肌肉活动)等张的 □ isotonically  adv.  □ isotonicity  /-təˈnisiti/ n.   [Greek isotonos (as ISO-, TONE)]

isotope /ˈaisətəʊp/ n. Chem.  each of two or more forms of an element differing from each other in relative atomic mass, and in nuclear but not chemical properties 【化】同位素 □ isotopic  /-ˈtɒpik/ adj.  □ isotopically  /-ˈtɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ isotopy  /aiˈsɒtəpi/ n.   [ISO- + Greek topos ‘place’ (i.e. in the periodic table of elements)]

isotropic /aisə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  having the same physical properties in all directions (opp. 反义 ANISOTROPIC) 各向同性的 □ isotropically  adv.  □ isotropy  /aiˈsɒtrəpi/ n.   [ISO- + Greek tropos ‘turn’]

I spy n.  1 Brit.  a children's game of guessing a visible object from the initial letter of its name [英]猜物游戏(一人说出所见物名称的第一个字母，由另一个人猜所指之物) 2 US [美]  = HIDE-AND-SEEK 

Israel   以色列

Israeli /izˈreili/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the modern state of Israel in the Middle East (有关)中东以色列的 ●n. (pl. Israelis)  1  a native or national of Israel 以色列人；以色列国民 2  a person of Israeli descent 以色列人后裔 [Israel, a later name of Jacob, ultimately from Hebrew yisrɑˉ'ēl ‘he that strives with God’ (Gen. 32:28) + -I2]

Israelite /ˈizrəlait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of the ancient Hebrew nation or people, esp. an inhabitant of the northern kingdom of the Hebrews (c. 930 － 721 BC) 希伯来人；(古)以色列人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Israelites (有关)希伯来人的；(有关) (古)以色列人的

ISSN abbr.  international standard serial number [缩略]国际标准期刊号

issuant /ˈiʃ(j)ʊənt, ˈisjʊ-/ adj. Heraldry (esp. of a beast with only the upper part shown) rising from the bottom or top of a bearing 【纹章学】(尤指只显露上身的野兽)出现在纹章图形底部或顶部的

issue /ˈiʃ(j)u:, ˈisju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a giving out or circulation of shares, notes, stamps, etc. (股票、钞票、邮票等)分发；发行b  a quantity of coins, supplies, copies of a newspaper or book etc., circulated or put on sale at one time (硬币、供应)一次发出的量；(报纸、书籍的)发行量c  an item or amount given out or distributed 分发；发送的项目(数量)d  each of a regular series of a magazine etc. (杂志等的)期；号  the May issue  5 月号 2  a  an outgoing, an outflow 流出；外流b  a way out or outlet, esp. the place of the emergence of a stream etc. 出路；出口(尤指河流出口) 3  a point in question; an important subject of debate or litigation 争论点；议题 4  a result; an outcome; a decision 结果；结局；决议 5 Law  children, progeny 【法律】子女；后裔  without male issue  无子嗣 6 archaic  a discharge of blood etc. [古义] (血等)排出 ●v. (issues, issued, issuing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, forth) literary  go or come out [文学用语]出去；出现 2 tr.  a  send forth; publish; put into circulation 发出；发行；流通b  supply, esp. officially or authoritatively (尤指官方或权威机构)正式配发；颁发 foll. by 后跟 to, with: issued passports to them  给他们发护照 issued them with passports  发给他们护照 issued orders to the staff  给全体职员发布命令 3 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  be derived or result 由…得出；由…产生b (foll. by 后跟 in)  end, result 导致；造成 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  emerge from a condition 由…而来 □ at issue   1  under discussion; in dispute 在讨论中；在争论中 2  at variance 不一致□ join (or take) issue  (foll. by 后跟 with, on)  identify an issue for argument 提出争论问题，对…提出异议□ make an issue of   make a fuss about; turn into a subject of contention 制造争端；挑起争论□ issuable  adj.  □ issuance  n.  □ issueless  adj.  □ issuer  n.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin exitus, past part. of exire EXIT]

issue of fact n. (also 亦作 issue of law)  a dispute at law when the significance of a fact or facts is denied or when the application of the law is contested (对事实的意义和法律的适用性有争议时)事实上(法律上)的争论点

-ist /ist/ suffix forming personal nouns (and in some senses related adjectives) denoting 构成人称名词(在有些释义中构成形容词)，表示 :  1  an adherent of a system etc. in -ism (see 见 -ISM 2) 以 -ism 结尾的某制度等的追随者，信仰者  Marxist  马克思主义者 fatalist  宿命论者 2  a  a member of a profession (pathologist 病理学家) 专业人员b  a person concerned with something (tobacconist 烟草商) 从事…的人 3  a person who uses a thing (violinist 小提琴手 ; balloonist 乘气球升空者 ; motorist 开汽车的人) 某物使用者 4  a person who does something expressed by a verb in -ize (plagiarist 剽窃者) 用以 -ize 结尾的动词表示做某事的人 5  a person who subscribes to a prejudice or practises discrimination (racist 种族主义分子 ; sexist 主张性别歧视者) 赞成偏见或实行歧视的人 [Old French -iste, Latin -ista from Greek -istēs]

Istanbul /ˌistænˈbu:l/ n.  伊斯坦布尔(旧称 Constantinople 君士坦丁堡) [土耳其港市]

isthmian /ˈisθmiən, ˈistm-, ˈism-/ adj.  of or relating to an isthmus, esp. (尤作 Isthmian) to the Isthmus of Corinth in southern Greece (有关)地峡的(尤指希腊南部科林斯地峡的)

isthmus /ˈisθməs, ˈistməs, ˈisməs/ n.  1 (pl. isthmuses)  a narrow piece of land connecting two larger bodies of land 地峡 2 (pl. isthmi) Anat.  a narrow part connecting two larger parts 【解】峡部 [Latin from Greek isthmos]

istle /ˈistli, ˈist(ə)l/ n.  a fibre used for cord, nets, etc., obtained from agave 龙舌兰纤维 [Mexican ixtli]

IT abbr.  information technology [缩略]信息技术

it1 /it/ pron. (poss. its; pl. they)  1  the thing (or occasionally the animal or child) previously named or in question (前面提到的或被谈论的事，有时指动物或小孩)它；这；那  took a stone and threw it  拿了一块石头扔了出去 2  the person in question (被谈论的人)它；这；那  Who is it?  是谁？ It is I  是我 is it a boy or a girl?  是男孩还是女孩？ 3  as the subject of an impersonal verb 作无人称动词的主语  it is raining  下雨了 it is winter  冬天了 it is Tuesday  今天是星期二 it is two miles to Bath  到巴思有 2 英里 4  as a substitute for a deferred subject or object 作形式主语(或宾语)  it is intolerable, this delay  这么拖延不可忍受 it is silly to talk like that  那么说真蠢 I take it that you agree  我认为你是同意的 5  as a substitute for a vague object 代替词义含糊的宾语  brazen it out  厚着脸皮干下去 run for it!  快逃！ 6  as the antecedent to a relative word 作关系词的先行词  it was an owl (that) I heard  我听到的是一只猫头鹰 7  exactly what is needed 正是所需之物  absolutely it  完全正确 8  the extreme limit of achievement 成就的极限 9 colloq.  sexual intercourse; sex appeal [口]性交；性吸引力，性魅力 10 (in children's games) a player who has to perform a required feat, esp. to catch the others (儿童游戏中)须做指定动作(尤指捉其他人)的孩子 □ that's it  colloq. that is [口]那是 :  1  what is required 正是所需要的 2  the difficulty 困难之所在 3  the end, enough 终结；再也没有别的了□ this is it  colloq. [口]  1  the expected event is at hand 预料中即将到来的事件 2  this is the difficulty 这就是困难之所在 [Old English hit, neut. of HE]

it2 /it/ n. Brit. colloq.  Italian vermouth [英口]意大利苦艾酒  gin and it  杜松子酒和意大利苦艾酒 [abbreviation]

i.t.a. abbr. (also 亦作 ITA)  initial teaching alphabet [缩略]启蒙教学字母

ital. abbr.  italic (type) [缩略]斜体(字)

Italian /iˈtæljən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Italy 意大利人；意大利国民b  a person of Italian descent 意大利后裔 2  the Romance language used in Italy and parts of Switzerland (意大利及瑞士部分地区所使用的)罗曼语 ●adj.  of or relating to Italy or its people or language (有关)意大利的；(有关)意大利人的；(有关)意大利语的 [Middle English from Italian Italiano from Italia ‘Italy’]

Italianate /iˈtæljəneit/ adj.  of I talian style or appearance 意大利风格的；意大利式的 [Italian Italianato]

Italian vermouth n.  a sweet kind of vermouth 意大利味美思酒，意大利苦艾酒

italic /iˈtælik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a Printing  of the sloping kind of letters now used esp. for emphasis or distinction and in foreign words 【印刷】(尤为强调或显眼以及外来语)斜体的b (of handwriting) compact and pointed like 16th-c. Italian handwriting (书法)如同 16 世纪意大利的手写体的 2 (作 Italic)  of ancient Italy 古意大利(人)的 ●n.  1  a letter in italic type 斜体字 2  this type 斜体 [Latin italicus from Greek italikos ‘Italian’ (because introduced by Aldo Manuzio of Venice)]

italicize /iˈtælisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  print in italics 用斜体字印刷 □ italicization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Italiot /iˈtæliət/ n. & adj. ●n.  an inhabitant of the Greek colonies in ancient Italy (在古意大利的)希腊殖民地居民 ●adj.  of or relating to the Italiots (有关)希腊殖民地居民的 [Greek Italiōtēs from Italia ‘Italy’]

Italo- /ˈitələʊ, iˈtæləʊ/ comb. form  Italian; Italian and [构词成分]意大利(人)的；意大利和…的

Italy   意大利

ITAR-Tass /ˈaitɑ:/ n.  the official news agency of Russia (俄罗斯官方通讯社)塔斯社 [the initials of Russian Informatsionnoe telegrafnoe agentstvo Rossii ‘Information Telegraph Agency of Russia’ + TASS]

itch /itʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an irritation in the skin (皮肤)痒 2  an impatient desire; a hankering 热望；渴望 3 (prec. by 前接 the) (in general use) scabies (一般用法)疥疮 ●v. intr.  1  feel an irritation in the skin, causing a desire to scratch it 感到痒，发痒 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) (of a person) feel a desire to do something (人)渴望；热望  I'm itching to tell you the news  我渴望把这消息告诉你 □ one's fingers itch  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  one is longing or impatient 渴望；热望□ itching palm   avarice 贪婪 [Old English gycce, gyccan, from West Germanic]

itching powder n.  powder used to make the skin itch, esp. as a practical joke 致痒粉(尤指作为恶作剧)

itch mite n.  a parasitic arthropod, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows under the skin causing scabies 疥癣虫；痒螨

itchy /ˈitʃi/ adj. (itchier, itchiest)  having or causing an itch 发痒的；致痒的 □ have itchy feet  colloq. [口]  1  be restless 静不下来，不安宁 2  have a strong urge to travel 渴望到各处去旅游□ itchiness  n.  

it'd /ˈitəd/ contr. colloq. [缩合] [口]  1  it had  2  it would 

-ite1 /ait/ suffix forming nouns meaning ‘a person or thing connected with’ 构成名词，表示“有关联的人或物” :  1  in names of persons 人的名称 :a  as natives of a country (Israelite 以色列人) 某国的居民b often derog.  as followers of a movement etc. (pre-Raphaelite 拉斐尔之前的意大利画家 ; Trotskyite 托洛茨基分子) [常贬]…运动等的追随者 2  in names of things 事物名称 :a  fossil organisms (ammonite 菊石) 化石生物体b  minerals (graphite 石墨) 矿石c  constituent parts of a body or organ (somite 体节) 身体的组成部分或器官d  explosives (dynamite 达纳炸药) 爆炸物e  commercial products (ebonite 硬橡胶 ; vulcanite 硬质橡胶) 商品f  salts of acids having names in -ous (nitrite 亚硝酸盐 ; sulphite 亚硫酸盐) 带 -ous 的酸盐类 [from or suggested by French -ite, via Latin -ita from Greek -itēs]

-ite2 /ait, it/ suffix  1  forming adjectives (erudite 博学的 ; favourite 特别受喜爱的) 构成形容词 2  forming nouns (appetite 胃口) 构成名词 3  forming verbs (expedite 加速执行 ; unite 团结) 构成动词 [from or suggested by Latin -itus, past part. of verbs ending in -ēre, -ere, and -ire]

item /ˈaitəm/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  a  any of a number of enumerated or listed things 项目；品目b  an entry in an account (一笔)账目 2  an article, esp. one for sale (出售)一件物品  household items  居家用品 3  a separate or distinct piece of news, information, etc. 一则消息(信息) 4 colloq.  a couple in a romantic or sexual relationship [口]一对情人 ●adv. archaic (introducing the mention of each item) likewise, also [古义] (用于介绍目录中逐个项目)同样地；又 [originally as adv.: Latin, = in like manner, also]

itemize /ˈaitəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  state or list item by item 逐条记载，详细登录 □ itemization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ itemizer  n.  

iterate /ˈitəreit/ v. tr.  repeat; state repeatedly 重复；重说 □ iteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin iterare iterat- from iterum ‘again’]

iterative /ˈit(ə)rətiv/ adj. Gram. 【语法】  = FREQUENTATIVE  □ iteratively  adv.  

ithyphallic /iθiˈfælik/ adj. Gk Hist. [希]【史】  1  a  of the phallus carried in Bacchic festivals (古希腊酒神节抬的)阴茎形象的b (of a statue etc.) having an erect penis (雕像等)有勃起阴茎的 2  lewd, licentious 下流的；放荡的 3 (of a poem or metre) used for Bacchic hymns (诗、韵律)酒神节巴克斯颂歌格律的 [Late Latin ithyphallicus from Greek ithuphallikos, from ithus ‘straight’, phallos PHALLUS]

-itic /itik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns corresponding to nouns in -ite, -itis, etc. (Semitic 闪语族的 ; arthritic 关节炎的 ; syphilitic 梅毒的) 构成形容词或名词，与以 -ite, -itis 等结尾的名词相对应 [from or suggested by French -itique, via Latin -iticus from Greek -itikos: see -IC]

itinerant /iˈtin(ə)r(ə)nt, ai-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  travelling from place to place 巡游的 2 (of a judge, minister, etc.) travelling within a circuit (法官、牧师等)巡回的 ●n.  an itinerant person; a tramp 巡回者；徒步游行者 □ itineracy  n.  □ itinerancy  n.   [Late Latin itinerari ‘travel’ from Latin iter itiner- ‘journey’]

itinerary /aiˈtin(ə) (rə)ri, i-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a detailed route 详细路线 2  a record of travel 旅行记录 3  a guidebook 旅行指南 ●adj.  of roads or travelling 路线的；旅行的 [Late Latin itinerarius (adj.), -um (n.) from Latin iter: see ITINERANT]

itinerate /iˈtinəreit, ai-/ v. intr.  travel from place to place or (of a minister etc.) within a circuit 巡游；(牧师等)巡回传教 □ itineration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin itinerari: see ITINERANT]

-ition /ˈiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns = -ATION 构成名词  admonition  告诫 perdition  毁灭 position  位置 [from or suggested by French -ition or Latin -itio -itionis]

-itious1 /ˈiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -ition (ambitious 有雄心的 ; suppositious 假设的；冒充的) 构成形容词，与以 -ition 结尾的名词相对应 [Latin -itio etc. + -OUS]

-itious2 /ˈiʃəs/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘related to, having the nature of’ (adventitious 偶然的 ; supposititious 冒充的) 构成形容词，表示“与…有关的”，“有…特性的” [Latin -icius + -OUS, commonly written with t in medieval Latin manuscripts]

-itis /ˈaitis/ suffix forming nouns, esp. 构成名词，(尤指):  1  names of inflammatory diseases (appendicitis 阑尾炎 ; bronchitis 支气管炎) 炎症名称 2 colloq.  in extended uses with reference to conditions compared to diseases (electionitis 竞选癖) [口]…癖 [Greek -itis, forming fem. of adjectives ending in -itēs (with nosos ‘disease’ implied)]

-itive /itiv/ suffix  forming adjectives = -ATIVE 构成形容词  positive  肯定的 transitive  及物的 [from or suggested by French -itif -itive or Latin -itivus from participial stems formed with -it-: see -IVE]

it'll /ˈit(ə)l/ contr. colloq. [缩合] [口]  it will; it shall 

ITN abbr. (in the UK) Independent Television News [缩略] (英国)独立电视新闻公司

ITO abbr.  International Trade Organization [缩略]国际贸易组织

-itor /itə/ suffix  forming agent nouns, usu. from Latin words (sometimes via French) (creditor 债权人) See also 另见 -OR1 (常从拉丁文，有时通过法语)构成施动者名词

-itory /it(ə)ri/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘relating to or involving (a verbal action)’ (inhibitory 禁止的) See also 另见 -ORY2 构成形容词，表示与…(动词动作)有关的 [Latin -itorius]

-itous /itəs/ suffix  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -ity (calamitous 灾难的 ; felicitous 恰当的) 构成形容词，与以 -ty 结尾的名词相对应 [from or suggested by French -iteux from Latin -itosus]

it's /its/ contr. [缩合]  1  it is  2  it has ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ITS. 见 ITS 的用法说明。 

its /its/ poss. det.  of or belonging to it or itself (所有格限定词)它的；其  can see its advantages  能见其长处 the dog injured its paw  狗伤了它的爪子■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse its with it's. Its, meaning ‘of or belonging to it’, does not have an apostrophe, e.g. Its handle had fallen off. The apostrophe is used only in the short form of it is or it has, e.g. It's raining; It's been a long time since we met. 注意不要将 its 与 it's 相混。表示“它的；其”的 its 没有省字号，如 its handle had fallen off (它的把儿掉了)。省字号只用于 it is 或 it has 的缩合语，如 It's raining (下雨了)。 It's been a long time since we met (我们好久没有见面了)。 

itself /itˈself/ pron.  emphatic and refl. form of IT1 (IT1 强调及反身代词形式)自身；它自己 □ by itself   apart from its surroundings, automatically, spontaneously 单独地；自动地，自发地□ in itself   viewed in its essential qualities 就其本身而言；本质上  not in itself a bad thing  就其本身而言不是一件坏事 [Old English, from IT1 + SELF, but often treated as ITS + SELF]

itsy-bitsy /itsiˈbitsi/ adj. (also 亦作 itty-bitty /itiˈbiti/) colloq. usu. derog.  tiny, insubstantial, slight [口] [通常贬]纤小的；极小的 [reduplication of LITTLE, influenced by BIT1]

ITU abbr.  International Telecommunication Union [缩略]国际电信联盟

ITV abbr. (in the UK) Independent Television [缩略] (英国)独立电视台

-ity /iti/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  quality or condition (authority 权力 ; humility 谦卑 ; purity 纯净) 特性；状态 2  an instance or degree of this (a monstrosity 怪异性 ; capacity 容量) 事例；程度 [from or suggested by French -ité from Latin -itas -itatis]

IU abbr. [缩略]  international unit 

IUD abbr. [缩略]  1  intrauterine device (to prevent pregnancy) 子宫内(避孕)器具 2  intrauterine death (of the foetus before birth) (出生前胎儿)宫内胎死

-ium /iəm/ suffix forming nouns denoting esp. 构成名词，尤表示 :  1 (also 亦作 -um)  names of metallic elements (uranium 铀 ; tantalum 钽) 金属元素名称 2  a region of the body (pericardium 心包 ; hypogastrium 下腹) 身体部位 3  a biological structure (mycelium 菌丝体 ; prothallium 原叶体) 生物结构 [from or suggested by Latin -ium from Greek -ion]

IUPAC /ˈju:pæk/ abbr.  International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [缩略]国际理论和应用化学联合会

IV abbr. [缩略]  intravenous 

Ivan /ˈaivən/   伊凡 [人名]

I've /aiv/ contr. [缩合]  I have 

-ive /iv/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘tending to, having the nature of’, and corresponding nouns (suggestive 示意的 ; corrosive 腐蚀的 ; palliative 缓和的 ; coercive 强迫的 ; talkative 健谈的) 构成形容词，表示“有…倾向的，有…特性的”，与名词相对应 □ -ively  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词□ -iveness  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [from or suggested by French -if -ive from Latin -ivus]

IVF abbr. in vitro  fertilization [缩略]体外受精，试管内受精

ivied /ˈaivid/ adj.  overgrown with ivy 爬满常春藤的

Ivor /ˈaivə(r)/   艾弗 [人名]

Ivorian /ˌaiˈvɔ:riən/ adj. & n.  象牙海岸的(人)

ivory /ˈaiv(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hard creamy-white substance composing the main part of the tusks of an elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, and narwhal 象牙；(河马、海象、独角鲸的)长牙 2  the colour of this 象牙色 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  an article made of ivory 象牙制品b slang  anything made of or resembling ivory, esp. a piano key or a tooth [俚语]任何由象牙制成或类似象牙的东西(尤指钢琴键或牙齿) ●adj.  of the colour of ivory; creamy white 象牙色的；乳白色的 □ ivoried  adj.   [Middle English from Old French yvoire, ultimately from Latin ebur eboris]

ivory black n.  black pigment from calcined ivory or bone 象牙墨

Ivory Coast /ˈaivəriˈkəust/ n.  象牙海岸 [西非]

ivory-nut n.  the seed of a corozo palm, Phytelephas macrocarpa, which when hardened is a source of vegetable ivory for carving Also called 亦称作 corozo-nut 象牙椰子

ivory tower n.  a state of seclusion or separation from the ordinary world and the harsh realities of life 象牙塔(指脱离现实生活的小天地)

Ivy /ˈaivi/   艾维 [人名]

ivy /ˈaivi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a climbing evergreen shrub, Hedera helix, with usu. dark green shiny five-angled leaves 常春藤 2  any of various other climbing or trailing plants including ground ivy and poison ivy 攀缘(蔓生)植物(包括欧亚活血丹及气根毒藤) [Old English īfig]

Ivy League n.  a group of universities in the eastern US (美国东部 8 所名牌大学组成的)常春藤联合会

IWW abbr.  Industrial Workers of the World [缩略]世界产业工人组织

ixia /ˈiksiə/ n.  any plant of the genus Ixia (iris family) of S. Africa, with large showy flowers (鸢尾科)鸢尾属植物 [Latin from Greek, a kind of thistle]

izard /ˈizəd/ n.  a chamois of the Pyrenean variety 一种比利牛斯山岩羚羊 [French isard, of unknown origin]

-ize /aiz/ suffix (also 亦作 -ise) forming verbs, meaning 构成动词，表示 :  1  make or become such (Americanize 美国化 ; pulverize 使成粉末 ; realize 实现) 使成为；使形成 2  treat in such a way (monopolize 垄断 ; pasteurize 用巴氏法消毒) 照这种方法处理 3  a  follow a special practice (economize 节约) 按某种方法b  have a specified feeling (sympathize 同情) 有一定的感情 4  affect with, provide with, or subject to (oxidize 使氧化 ; hospitalize 住院治疗) 打动；提供；使易受 □ -ization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns  构成名词□ -izer  suffix  forming agent nouns  构成动原名词 [from or suggested by French -iser, via Late Latin -izare from Greek -izō]■Usage 用法说明 The form -ize has been in use in English since the 16th c.; it is widely used in American English, but is not an Americanism. The alternative spelling -ise (reflecting a French influence) is in common use, especially in British English, and is obligatory in certain cases: (a) where it forms part of a larger word-element, such as -mise (= sending) in compromise, and -prise (= taking) in surprise; and (b) in verbs corresponding to nouns with -s- in the stem, such as advertise and televise. 自 16 世纪以来， -ize 的形式开始在英语中使用，并广泛地在美式英语中出现，但不是美式英语的特点。受法语影响的另外一个拼法 -ise 也很常用，尤其在英式英语中，并在某些情况下一定要这么用 : (a) 在构成较大词素的一部分时，如在 compromise 中的 -mise (= sending 发送)及 surprise 中的 -prise (= taking 获得)； (b) 在词干中带 -s- 的相应名词的动词中，如 advertise (宣传)和 televise (用电视播放)。 

J1 /dʒei/ n. (also 亦作 j) (pl. Js or J's)  1  the tenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 10 个字母 2 (as a Roman numeral) = i in a final position (ij; vj) (作为罗马数字)用于数字的末尾，等于 i (ij; vj)

J2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 J.)  1  Judge  2  Justice  3 (in cards) jack (纸牌中的)杰克 , J 牌

J3 symb. [符]  joule(s) 

jab /dʒæb/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (jabbed, jabbing)  1  a  poke roughly 猛戳b  stab 刺 2 (foll. by 后跟 into)  thrust (a thing) hard or abruptly 用(某物)猛刺(或突然插入) ●n.  1  an abrupt blow with one's fist or a pointed implement (用拳头或尖器)猛击 2 colloq.  a hypodermic injection, esp. a vaccination [口]皮下注射(尤指接种) [originally Scots variant of JOB2]

jabber /ˈdʒæbə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  chatter volubly and incoherently 喋喋不休地说 2 tr.  utter (words) fast and indistinctly 急促而模糊不清地说出 ●n.  meaningless jabbering; a gabble 瞎聊；急促而含糊不清的话 [imitative]

jabberwocky /ˈdʒæbəwɒki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a piece of nonsensical writing or speech, esp. for comic effect (尤指为了喜剧效果而写的)废话连篇的文章；胡言乱语 [title of a poem in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass (1871)]

jabiru /ˈdʒæbiru:/ n.  a large black-necked stork of the genus Ephippiorhynchus, esp. E. mycteria of Central and S. America, with mainly white plumage 大的黑颈鹳(尤指中、南美洲的白羽裸颈鹳) [Tupi-Guarani jabirú]

jaborandi /dʒæbəˈrændi/ n. (pl. jaborandis)  1  any shrub of the genus Pilocarpus, of S. America (南美)毛果芸香属灌木 2  the dried leaflets of this, having diuretic and diaphoretic properties 毛果芸香叶(有利尿、发汗之功效) [Tupi-Guarani jaburandi]

jabot /ˈʒæbəʊ/ n.  an ornamental frill or ruffle of lace etc. on the front of a shirt or blouse 绉纹花边(衬衣或罩衫胸襟部的褶裥等) [French, originally = crop of a bird]

jacamar /ˈdʒækəmɑ:/ n.  a small insect-eating bird with partly iridescent plumage, of the tropical S. American family Galbulidae 中南美(一种食虫小鸟，部分羽毛呈彩虹色) [French, apparently from Tupi]

jacana /ˈdʒækənə/ n. (also 亦作 jaçana /dʒæsəˈnɑ:/)  any of various small tropical wading birds of the family Jacanidae, with elongated toes and hind claws which enable them to walk on floating leaves etc. 水雉(一种生长在热带的涉水小禽鸟，趾和后爪特别长，能在漂浮的树叶上行走) [Portuguese jaçanɑ˜ from Tupi-Guarani jasanɑˊ]

jacaranda /dʒækəˈrændə/ n.  a tropical American tree with fragrant wood, esp. one of the genus Jacaranda, with trumpet-shaped blue flowers (热带美洲产)黄檀(树木芬芳，尤指开喇叭形蓝花的兰花楹属树木) [Tupi-Guarani jacarandɑˊ]

jacinth /ˈdʒæsinθ, ˈdʒei-/ n.  a reddish-orange variety of zircon used as a gem (用作宝石的)橘红色锆石 [Middle English iacynt etc. via Old French iacinte or medieval Latin jacint(h)us from Latin hyacinthus HYACINTH]

Jack /dʒæk/   杰克 [人名]

jack1 /dʒæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for lifting heavy objects, esp. the axle of a vehicle off the ground while changing a wheel etc. 起重器，(尤指支起汽车轮轴便于更换轮胎等的)千斤顶 2  a court card with a picture of a man, esp. a soldier, page, or knave, etc. (纸牌中的)杰克，(尤指画有士兵、侍从、男仆等的)“ J ”牌 3  a ship's flag, esp. one flown from the bow and showing nationality (尤指悬挂于船首，表示国籍的)船首旗 4 (in full 全称 jack socket)  a socket designed to receive a jack plug 插座，插孔 5  a small white ball in bowls, at which the players aim (草地滚木球戏中)作靶子的小白球 6  a  = JACKSTONE 1 b (in pl. 用复数)  = JACKSTONE 2  7 (作 Jack)  the familiar form of John esp. typifying the common man 杰克 (John 的昵称)；(尤统指)普通人  I'm all right, Jack  老兄，我很好 8  the figure of a man striking the bell on a clock (时钟上的)人形敲钟锤 9 slang  a detective; a police officer [俚语]侦探；警察 10 US slang  money [美] [俚语]钱 11 N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = LUMBERJACK  12  = STEEPLEJACK  13  a device for turning a spit 烤肉炙叉旋转器 14  any of various marine perch-like fish of the family Carangidae, including the amberjack 狗鱼(鲹科鲈状海鱼) 15  a device for plucking the string of a harpsichord etc., one being operated by each key (弹拨古钢琴等的)拨子 16  the male of various animals 公畜  jackass  公驴 17  a species or variety of animal smaller than other similar kinds 同类动物体小者  jack snipe  姬鹬 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  1  raise with or as with a jack (in sense 1 用于释义 1) 用起重器举起；似用千斤顶托起 2 colloq.  raise e.g. prices [口]提高，上涨(如物价) □ every man jack   each and every person 人人，每一个人□ jack in (or up)  slang  abandon (an attempt etc.) [俚语]放弃(企图等)□ jack off  coarse slang  masturbate [粗俗俚语]手淫□ on one's jack (or Jack Jones)  slang  alone; on one's own [俚语]独自，自个儿 [Middle English Iakke, a pet name for John, erroneously associated with French Jacques ‘James’]

jack2 /dʒæk/ n.  1  = BLACKJACK3  2 hist.  a sleeveless padded tunic worn by foot soldiers [史义] (步兵护身用的)无袖垫料上衣 [Middle English from Old French jaque, of uncertain origin]

jackal /ˈdʒækɔ:l, -k(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various wild doglike mammals of the genus Canis, esp. C. aureus, found in Africa and S. Asia, usu. hunting or scavenging for food in packs 胡狼，豺(产于非洲和南亚) 2 colloq. [口]  a  a person who does preliminary drudgery for another 替别人干卑贱活的人b  a person who assists another's immoral behaviour 走狗，爪牙 [Turkish çakal from Persian šagɑˉl]

jackanapes /ˈdʒækəneips/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a pert or insolent fellow 自大而鲁莽的人 2  a mischievous child 顽童，淘气孩子 3  a tame monkey 驯服的猴子 [earliest as Jack Napes (1450): supposed to refer to the Duke of Suffolk, whose badge was an ape's clog and chain]

jackaroo /dʒækəˈru:/ n. (also 亦作 jackeroo) Austral. colloq.  a novice on a sheep station or cattle station [澳口] (牧羊场或牧牛场)雇佣的新手 [JACK1 + KANGAROO]

jackass /ˈdʒækæs/ n.  1  a male ass 公驴 2  a stupid person 愚蠢的人，笨蛋

jackboot /ˈdʒækbu:t/ n.  1  a large boot reaching above the knee worn chiefly by soldiers, e.g. those under the Nazi regime (过膝的)长统军靴(如纳粹军靴) 2  this as a symbol of fascism or military oppression 铁靴(作为法西斯主义或军事压迫的象征) □ jackbooted  adj.  

Jack-by-the-hedge n.  a white-flowered cruciferous plant, Alliaria petiolata, of shady places (生长于阴凉处开白花的)十字花科植物

jackdaw /ˈdʒækdɔ:/ n.  a small grey-headed crow, Corvus monedula, often frequenting rooftops and nesting in tall buildings, and noted for its inquisitiveness 寒鸦(常栖息于平房屋顶并在高楼里筑巢，以饶舌好问而闻名) [JACK1 + DAW]

jackeroo var.  of JACKAROO  JACKAROO 的变体

jacket /ˈdʒækit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sleeved short outer garment 短上衣，夹克(衫)b  a thing worn esp. round the torso for protection or support (尤指围在躯干上的)防护衣  life jacket  救生衣 2  a casing or covering, e.g. as insulation round a boiler 外罩，套(如锅炉的保温套) 3  = DUST JACKET  4  the skin of a potato, esp. when baked whole (尤指烤熟的)马铃薯的皮 5  an animal's coat 动物的皮毛 ●v. tr. (jacketed, jacketing)  cover with a jacket 给…穿短上衣；给…加外罩 [Middle English from Old French ja(c)quet, diminutive of jaque JACK2]

jacket potato n. Brit.  a baked potato served with the skin on [英]带皮烘烤的马铃薯

jackfish /ˈdʒækfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  a pike or pikeperch 狗鱼 2  = JACK1 14 

Jack Frost n.  frost personified (拟人化的)霜；严寒

jackfruit /ˈdʒækfru:t/ n.  1  an East Indian tree, Artocarpus heterophyllus, bearing fruit resembling breadfruit 木菠罗树(产于印度东部，果似面包果) 2  this fruit 木菠罗果实 [Portuguese jaca, from Malayalam chakka, + FRUIT]

jackhammer /ˈdʒækhæmə/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a portable pneumatic hammer or drill [尤北美]手持式气压锤(或风钻)

Jackie /ˈdʒæki/   杰基 [人名]

jack-in-office n. Brit.  a self-important minor official [英]自命不凡的小官吏，神气活现的小职员

jack-in-the-box n.  a toy figure that springs out of a box when it is opened 匣盖开启时即行跳起的玩偶

Jack-in-the-pulpit n.  any of several small woodland plants of the arum family, esp. cuckoo pint 天南星(海芋属林地植物) (尤指斑叶阿若母) [from the erect spadix overarched by the spathe, resembling a person in a pulpit]

jackknife /ˈdʒæknaif/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -knives)  1  a large clasp-knife 大折刀 2  a dive in which the body is first bent at the waist and then straightened 屈体跳水(先弯腰后直体) ●v. (-knifed, -knifing)  1 intr. (of an articulated vehicle) fold against itself in an accidental skidding movement (铰接式车辆)突然弯折 2 intr. & tr.  fold like a jackknife (折刀似地)折拢，把…(折刀似地)折拢 3 intr.  perform a jackknife dive 做屈体跳水

jack of all trades n.  a person who can do many different kinds of work 博而不精的人，万能博士

jack-o'-lantern n.  1  a will-o'-the wisp 磷火，鬼火 2  a lantern made esp. from a pumpkin with holes for facial features (尤指把南瓜挖空并雕成人面形的)杰克灯，南瓜灯笼

jack plane n.  a medium-sized plane for use in rough joinery (木工用的中型)粗刨，大刨

jack plug n.  a plug for use esp. in sound equipment, consisting of a single shaft used to make a connection which transmits a signal (尤指用于音响设备、用来传递信号的)单头插头

jackpot /ˈdʒækpɒt/ n.  a large prize or amount of winnings, esp. accumulated in a game or lottery etc. 巨额奖金，大笔收入(尤指游戏或抽彩中累积的奖金) □ hit the jackpot  colloq. [口]  1  win a large prize 赢一大笔钱 2  have remarkable luck or success 交上好运；大获成功 [originally in a form of poker with two jacks as minimum to open the pool: JACK1 n. 2 + POT1]

jackrabbit /ˈdʒækræbit/ n.  any of various large N. American prairie hares of the genus Lepus with very long ears and hind legs 长耳大野兔(产于北美，耳朵及后腿很长) [abbreviation of jackass-rabbit (so called from the long ears)]

Jack Russell /ˈrʌs(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 Jack Russell terrier)  1  a terrier of a small working breed with short legs 杰克·拉塞尔小种猎狗(一种短腿的狗) 2  this breed (狗)杰克·拉塞尔种 [from Revd. John (Jack) Russell, English clergyman and dog breeder d. 1883]

jack snipe n.  any of several waders, esp. a small dark snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus 姬鹬；滨鹬(尤指小黑鹬)

jack socket  see 见 JACK1 n. 4 

jackstaff /ˈdʒækstɑ:f/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a staff at the bow of a ship for a jack 船首旗杆 2  a staff carrying the flag that is to show above the masthead 桅顶旗杆

jackstone /ˈdʒækstəʊn/ n.  1  a small piece of metal etc. used with others in tossing games Also called 亦称作 jack (抛接子游戏中用的)小金属片 2 (in pl. 用复数)  such a tossing game 抛接子游戏

jackstraw /ˈdʒækstrɔ:/ n.  = SPILLIKIN 

Jack tar n.  a sailor 水手，水兵

Jack the Lad n. colloq.  a self-assured, carefree, and often brash young man [口]自命不凡无所用心又常傲慢无礼的年轻人 [nickname of Jack Sheppard, 18th c. thief]

Jacob /ˈdʒeikəb/   雅各布 [人名]

Jacobean /dʒækəˈbi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the reign of James I of England (有关)英王詹姆斯一世时期的 2 (of furniture) in the style prevalent during this period, esp. of the colour of dark oak (尤指黑栎木色家具)具有詹姆斯一世时期风格特色的 ●n.  a person of the time of James I 英王詹姆斯一世时期的人物 [modern Latin Jacobaeus via ecclesiastical Latin Jacobus ‘James’ from Greek Iakōbos ‘Jacob’]

Jacobin /ˈdʒækəbin/ n.  1  a hist.  a member of a radical democratic club established in Paris in 1789 in the old convent of the Jacobins (see sense 2 见释义 2) [史义]雅各宾俱乐部成员(俱乐部 1789 年设于巴黎雅各宾修道院)b  any extreme radical 极端激进分子 2 archaic  a Dominican friar [古义] (天主教)多明我会的修道士 3 (作 jacobin)  a pigeon with reversed feathers on the back of its neck like a cowl 毛领鸽(一种家鸽) □ Jacobinic  /-ˈbinik/ adj.  □ Jacobinical  /-ˈbinik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Jacobinism  n.   [originally in sense 2 by association with the Rue St Jacques in Paris: Middle English via French and medieval Latin Jacobinus from ecclesiastical Latin Jacobus (as JACOBEAN)]

Jacobite /ˈdʒækəbait/ n. hist.  a supporter of James II of England after his removal from the throne in 1688, or of the Stuarts [史义] (英国 1688 年被废黜后)英王詹姆斯二世的追随者，斯图亚特王室的拥护者 □ Jacobitical  /-ˈbitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Jacobitism  n.   [Latin Jacobus ‘James’: see JACOBEAN]

Jacob's ladder /ˈdʒeikəbz/ n.  1  a plant, Polemonium caeruleum, with corymbs of blue or white flowers, and leaves suggesting a ladder 花葱(伞房花序科植物，开蓝色或白色花，叶子呈梯形) 2  a rope ladder with wooden rungs 木踏板绳梯 [from Jacob's dream of a ladder reaching to heaven, as described in Gen. 28:12]

Jacob's staff /ˈdʒeikəbz/ n.  1  a surveyor's iron-shod rod used instead of a tripod (用以代替三角架的)独脚罗盘支杆 2  an instrument for measuring distances and heights 测距器，测高器 [from the staffs used by Jacob, as described in Gen. 30:37 － 43]

jaconet /ˈdʒækənit/ n.  a cotton cloth like cambric, esp. a dyed waterproof kind for poulticing etc. 细薄棉布(尤指敷药等用染色防水布) [Urdu jagannɑˉthi from Jagannath (now Puri) in India, its place of origin: see JUGGERNAUT]

jacquard /ˈdʒækɑ:d, -kəd/ n.  1  an apparatus with perforated cards, fitted to a loom to facilitate the weaving of figured fabrics 提花装置 2 (in full 全称 jacquard loom)  a loom fitted with this 提花机 3  a fabric or article made with this, with an intricate variegated pattern (色彩斑驳、图案复杂的)提花织物 [named after J. M. Jacquard, French inventor d. 1834]

Jacqueline /ˈdʒækli:n/   杰奎琳 [人名]

jactitation /dʒæktiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Med. 【医】  a  the restless tossing of the body in illness 辗转不安b  the twitching of a limb or muscle (肢体或肌肉的)抽搐 2 archaic  the offence of falsely claiming to be a person's spouse [古义]谎称某人配偶 [medieval Latin jactitatio ‘false declaration’ from Latin jactitare ‘boast’, frequentative of jactare ‘throw’: sense 1 from earlier jactation]

jacuzzi /dʒəˈku:zi/ n. (pl. jacuzzis) propr.  a large round bath with underwater jets of water to massage the body [商标]“极可意”浴缸(一种水力按摩浴缸) [named after C. Jacuzzi (d. 1986), US inventor]

jade1 /dʒeid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a hard usu. green stone composed of silicates of calcium and magnesium, or of sodium and aluminium, used for ornaments and implements (通常为绿色的)玉；翡翠 2  the green colour of jade 浅绿色，绿玉色 ●adj.  of this colour 绿玉色的 [French le jade for l'ejade, from Spanish piedra de ijada ‘stone of the flank’, i.e. stone for colic (which it was believed to cure)]

jade2 /dʒeid/ n.  1  an inferior or worn-out horse 劣马；驽马；衰老的马 2 derog.  a disreputable woman [贬]荡妇，轻佻的女子 [Middle English: origin unknown]

jaded /ˈdʒeidid/ adj.  tired or worn out; surfeited 精疲力竭的； (因过饱而)腻烦的 □ jadedly  adv.  □ jadedness  n.   [JADE2]

jadeite /ˈdʒeidait/ n.  a green, blue, or white sodium aluminium silicate form of jade 硬玉(绿、蓝或白色)

j'adoube /ʒɑ:ˈdu:b, 法 ʒadub/ int. Chess  a declaration by a player intending to adjust the placing of a piece without making a move with it 【棋类】我摆正一下棋子！ (表示不打算走正要触及的一个棋子) [French, = I adjust]

jaeger /ˈdʒeiɡə/ n. N. Amer.  a seabird of the skua family Stercorariidae, esp. one of the smaller kinds, of the genus Stercoraria [北美]贼鸥(尤指贼鸥科中较小的种类) [German Jɑ¨ger ‘hunter’ from jagen ‘to hunt’]

Jaffa /ˈdʒæfə/ n.  a large oval thick-skinned variety of orange 雅法橙，以色列橙(一种椭圆形厚皮橙子) [Jaffa, a city in Israel, near where it was first grown]

jag1 /dʒæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp projection of rock etc. (岩石等的)尖突，锯状突起 ●v. tr. (jagged, jagging)  1  cut or tear unevenly 把…切(或撕)得参差不齐 2  make indentations in 在…刻出 V 型凹口 □ jagger  n.   [Middle English, probably imitative]

jag2 /dʒæɡ/ n. esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  1  a bout (of drinking, laughter, etc.); a spree 一阵(痛饮、大笑等)；欢闹 2  a period of indulgence in an activity, emotion, etc. (活动、感情等的)阵发期 3  a bundle (of hay, logs, etc.) (草、木等的)一捆；一担 [originally = load for one horse: 16th c., origin unknown]

jagged /ˈdʒæɡid/ adj.  1  with an unevenly cut or torn edge 边缘不整齐的，参差不齐的 2  deeply indented; with sharp points 锯齿状的；有深缺口的 □ jaggedly  adv.  □ jaggedness  n.   [JAG1]

jaggy /ˈdʒæɡi/ adj. (jaggier, jaggiest)  1  = JAGGED  2 (also 亦作 jaggie) Sc.  prickly [苏格兰]多刺的，满是针刺的

jaguar /ˈdʒæɡjʊə/ n.  a large flesh-eating spotted feline, Panthera onca, of Central and S. America 美洲豹，美洲虎(身带斑点、食肉的猫科动物，产于中、南美洲) [Tupi-Guarani jaguara]

jaguarundi /dʒæɡwəˈrʌndi/ n. (pl. jaguarundis)  a long-tailed slender feline, Felis yaguarondi, of Central and S. America 美洲山猫(长尾猫科动物，产于中、南美洲) [Tupi-Guarani]

jai alai /hai əˈlai/ n.  a game like pelota played with large curved wicker baskets 回力球(用弯曲的柳条枝编织物掷球和接球) [Spanish, from Basque jai ‘festival’ + alai ‘merry’]

jail /dʒeil/ n. & v. (also Brit. [亦英] gaol) ●n.  1  a place to which persons are committed by a court for detention 监狱；看守所 2  confinement in a jail 监禁 ●v. tr.  put in jail 监禁，拘留 [Middle English gayole via Old French jaiole, jeole & Old Norman French gaole from Romanic diminutive of Latin cavea CAGE]

jailbait /ˈdʒeilbeit/ n. (collect. 集合名词) slang  a girl, or girls, under the age of consent [俚语] (不满合法年龄的)未成年女子

jailbird /ˈdʒeilbɜ:d/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] gaolbird)  a prisoner or habitual criminal 囚犯；惯犯，积犯

jailbreak /ˈdʒeilbreik/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] gaolbreak)  an escape from jail 越狱

jailer /ˈdʒeilə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] gaoler)  a person in charge of a jail or of the prisoners in it 监狱看守，狱卒

jailhouse /ˈdʒeilhaʊs/ n. esp. US  a prison [尤美]监狱；看守所

Jain /dʒain, dʒein/ n. & adj. ●n.  an adherent of a non-Brahminical Indian religion 耆那教教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to this religion 耆那教的，与耆那教有关的 □ Jainism  n.  □ Jainist  n.   [Hindi, via Sanskrit jainas ‘saint, victor’ from jīna ‘victorious’]

Jake /dʒeik/   杰克 [人名]

jake /dʒeik/ adj. Austral. & NZ slang  all right; satisfactory [澳新] [俚语]行，好；令人满意的 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

jalap /ˈdʒæləp, ˈdʒɒləp/ n.  a purgative drug obtained esp. from the tuberous roots of a Mexican climbing plant, Exogonium purga 贾拉普(尤指用墨西哥球根牵牛的块根制成的泻药) [French from Spanish jalapa, from Jalapa, Xalapa, a city in Mexico]

jalapeño /hæləˈpeinjəʊ, -ˈpi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (also 亦作 japaleño pepper)  a very hot green chilli pepper, used esp. in Mexican-style cooking (尤指用于墨西哥风味食品，极辣，色青的)贾拉普辣椒 [Mexican Spanish (chile) jalapeño]

jalopy /dʒəˈlɒpi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a dilapidated old motor vehicle [口]破旧的汽车 [20th c.: origin unknown]

jalousie /ˈʒælʊzi:/ n.  a blind or shutter made of a row of angled slats to keep out rain etc. and control the influx of light (防雨等的)固定百叶窗；软百叶窗 [French (as JEALOUSY)]

Jam. abbr. [缩略]  1  Jamaica  2  James (New Testament) 

jam1 /dʒæm/ v. & n. ●v. (jammed, jamming)  1  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  squeeze or wedge into a space 把…塞满，使挤紧b intr.  become wedged 塞紧，堵满 2  a tr.  cause (machinery or a component) to become wedged or immovable so that it cannot work 使(机器或部件)被卡住不能动弹，使发生故障b intr.  become jammed in this way 轧住，卡住，发生故障 3 tr.  push or cram together in a compact mass 堵塞，塞满 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on to)  push or crowd 拥挤；挤塞  they jammed on to the bus  他们挤上公共汽车 5 tr.  a  block (a passage, road, etc.) by crowding or obstructing 使(通道、马路等)堵塞b (foll. by 后跟 in)  obstruct the exit of 堵住  we were jammed in  我们被堵在了里面 6 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  apply (brakes etc.) forcefully or abruptly 急拉，猛踩(制动器等) 7 tr.  make (a radio transmission) unintelligible by causing interference 干扰(无线电传输) 8 intr. colloq. (in jazz etc.) extemporize with other musicians [口] (在爵士乐等演奏会上)即席演奏 ●n.  1  a squeeze or crush 拥挤；塞住 2  a crowded mass 拥挤的人群；堵塞物  traffic jam  交通堵塞 3 colloq.  an awkward situation or predicament [口]困境，窘境 4  a stoppage (of a machine etc.) due to jamming (机器等)轧住，卡住 5 (in full 全称 jam session) colloq.  improvised playing by a group of usu. jazz musicians [口] (通常由爵士乐歌手表演的)爵士乐即席演奏会 □ jammer  n.   [imitative]

jam2 /dʒæm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a conserve of fruit and sugar boiled to a thick consistency 果酱 2 Brit. colloq.  something easy or pleasant [英口]令人愉快的事情，轻松活儿  money for jam  容易赚的钱；不费吹灰之力的事 ●v. tr. (jammed, jamming)  1  spread jam on 在…上涂果酱 2  make (fruit etc.) into jam 把(水果等)做成果酱 □ jam tomorrow   a pleasant thing often promised but usu. never forthcoming 许而不与的好东西；可望而不可及的事物 [perhaps = JAM1]

Jamaica   牙买加

Jamaican /dʒəˈmeikən/ adj. & n.  牙买加的(人)

jamb /dʒæm/ n. Archit.  a side post or surface of a doorway, window, or fireplace 【建】门窗边柱(或框；) 壁炉侧墙 [Middle English from Old French jambe ‘leg, vertical support’, ultimately from Late Latin gamba ‘hoof’]

jambalaya /dʒæmbəˈlaiə/ n.  a Cajun dish of rice with shrimps, chicken, etc. 什锦饭(阿卡迪亚人的一种菜肴，用大米、虾和鸡肉等煮成) [Louisiana French from modern Provençal jambalaia]

jamboree /dʒæmbəˈri:/ n.  1  a celebration or merrymaking 喧闹的聚会；狂欢活动 2  a large rally of Scouts 童子军大会 [19th c.: origin unknown]

James /dʒeimz/   詹姆斯 [人名]

Jamie /ˈdʒeimi/   杰米 [人名]

jam jar /ˈdʒæmdʒɑ:/ n.  1  a glass jar for containing jam (玻璃)果酱罐 2 Brit. rhyming slang  a car [英] [同韵俚语]汽车

jammy /ˈdʒæmi/ adj. (jammier, jammiest)  1  covered with jam 涂着果酱的 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  lucky 运气好的b  profitable 有利可图的

jam-packed adj. colloq.  full to capacity [口]挤得满满的，塞得紧紧的

jam session  see 见 JAM1 n. 5 

Jan /dʒæn/   简 [人名]

Jan. abbr. [缩略]  January 

Jane /dʒein/   简 [人名]

jane /dʒein/ n. esp. US slang  a woman [尤美] [俚语]女人 □ plain jane   an unattractive girl or woman 无吸引力的姑娘，其貌不扬的女人 [the name Jane]

Janet /ˈdʒænit/   珍妮特 [人名]

Janette /dʒəˈnet/   珍妮特 [人名]

Janey /ˈdʒeini/   珍妮 [人名]

jangle /ˈdʒæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make, or cause (a bell etc.) to make, a harsh metallic sound 使(铃等)发生刺耳的金属撞击声 2 tr.  irritate (the nerves etc.) by discordant sound or speech etc. 发出噪声(不和谐的声音等)刺激(神经等) ●n.  a harsh metallic sound 刺耳的金属声 [Middle English from Old French jangler, of uncertain origin]

Janglish /ˈdʒæŋɡliʃ/ n.  = JAPLISH  [Japanese + English]

Janice /ˈdʒænis/   贾尼丝 [人名]

Janis /ˈdʒænis/   贾尼丝 [人名]

janitor /ˈdʒænitə/ n.  1  a doorkeeper 门房，看门人 2  a caretaker of a building 照管房屋的工友 □ janitorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Latin, from janua ‘door’]

janizary /ˈdʒæniz(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 janissary /-s(ə)ri/) (pl. -ies)  1 hist.  a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard in the 14th － 19th c. [史义] (14 至 19 世纪)土耳其苏丹王禁卫军士兵 2  a devoted follower or supporter 亲信，拥护者 [ultimately from Turkish yeniçeri, from yeni ‘new’ + çeri ‘troops’]

jankers /ˈdʒæŋkəz/ n. Mil. slang  punishment for defaulters 【军】[俚语] (对犯军纪者的)惩罚；禁闭 [20th c.: origin unknown]

January /ˈdʒænjʊ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the first month of the year 一月 [Middle English via Anglo-French Jenever from Latin Januarius (mensis) ‘(month) of Janus’ the guardian god of doors and beginnings]

Jap /dʒæp/ n. & adj. colloq. offens. [口] [冒犯]  = JAPANESE  [abbreviation]

Japan   日本

japan /dʒəˈpæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hard usu. black varnish, esp. of a kind brought originally from Japan (尤指来源于日本、通常为黑色的)日本漆，黑色亮漆 2  work in a Japanese style (日本式)漆器 ●v. tr. (japanned, japanning)  1  varnish with japan 在…上涂漆；用黑亮漆为…上光 2  make black and glossy as with japan 使乌黑发亮 [Japan in E. Asia]

Japanese /dʒæpəˈni:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or national of Japan 日本人；日本国民b  a person of Japanese descent 日裔 2  the language of Japan 日语 ●adj.  of or relating to Japan, its people, or its language 日本的；与日本有关的；日本人的；日语的

Japanese beetle n.  a chafer, Popillia japonica, which is a plant pest in eastern N. America 日本丽金龟(一种植物害虫，产于北美东部)

Japanese cedar n.  = CRYPTOMERIA 

Japanese print n.  a colour print from woodblocks 日本彩色木刻水印画

Japanese quince n.  = JAPONICA 

Japan Sea n.  日本海

jape /dʒeip/ n. & v. ●n.  a practical joke 玩笑，戏弄 ●v. intr.  play a joke 开玩笑；嘲弄人 □ japery  n.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

Japlish /ˈdʒæpliʃ/ n.  a blend of Japanese and English, used in Japan (在日本使用的)日本式英语 [Japanese + English]

japonica /dʒəˈpɒnikə/ n.  any flowering shrub of the genus Chaenomeles, esp. C. speciosa, with round white, green, or yellow edible fruits and bright red flowers Also called 亦称作 Japanese quince 山茶；贴梗海棠(结有圆形的白、绿或黄色的可食用果子，开鲜艳的红花) [modern Latin, fem. of japonicus ‘Japanese’]

jar1 /dʒɑ:/ n.  1  a  a container of glass, earthenware, plastic, etc., usu. cylindrical (通常为圆柱形，由玻璃、陶器、塑料等制成的)罐子，坛子；广口瓶b  the contents of this 一罐(一坛、一瓶)所装的量(或物) 2 Brit. colloq.  a glass of beer [英口]一杯啤酒 □ jarful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [French jarre from Arabic jarra]

jar2 /dʒɑ:/ v. & n. ●v. (jarred, jarring)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on) (of sound, words, manner, etc.) sound discordant or grating (on the nerves etc.) (声音、话语、态度等)使人感到不快；刺激(神经等) 2  a tr. (foll. by 后跟 against, on)  strike or cause to strike with vibration or a grating sound (使)带颤动(或刺耳)的声音撞击b intr. (of a body affected) vibrate gratingly (身体)不舒服地颤动 3 tr.  send a shock through (a part of the body) 使(身体的某部位)受震动(撞击)  the fall jarred his neck  这一跤伤了他的脖子 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of an opinion, fact, etc.) be at variance; be in conflict or in dispute (观点、事实等)不一致；冲突；抵触 ●n.  1  a jarring sound or sensation 令人不愉快的声音(或感觉) 2  a physical shock or jolt 令人难受的猛烈震动(或颠簸) 3  lack of harmony; disagreement 不协调；不一致 [Middle English: probably imitative]

jar3 /dʒɑ:/ n.   □ on the jar   ajar (门等)微开着，半开着 [late form of obsolete char ‘turn’: see AJAR1, CHAR2]

jardinière /ʒɑ:diˈnjɛə/ n.  1  an ornamental pot or stand for the display of growing plants (装饰用)花盆；花盆架 2  a dish of mixed vegetables 肉食配菜(由若干种煮熟的蔬菜切碎拌合而成) [French, literally ‘female gardener’]

jargon1 /ˈdʒɑ:ɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  words or expressions used by a particular group or profession 术语，行话  medical jargon  医学术语 2  barbarous or debased language 粗俗下流的言语 3  gibberish 胡言乱语 □ jargonic  /-ˈɡɒnik/ adj.  □ jargonistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ jargonize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English from Old French: origin unknown]

jargon2 /ˈdʒɑ:ɡ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 jargoon /dʒɑ:ˈɡu:n/)  a translucent, colourless, or smoky variety of zircon (半透明、无色或烟色的)锆石 [French from Italian giargone, probably ultimately related to ZIRCON]

jargonelle /dʒɑ:ɡəˈnel/ n.  an early-ripening variety of pear 早熟梨 [French, diminutive of JARGON2]

jarl /jɑ:l/ n. hist.  a Norse or Danish chief [史义] (古代斯堪的纳维亚或丹麦的)王公 [Old Norse, originally = man of noble birth, related to EARL]

jarrah /ˈdʒærə/ n.  1  the western Australian mahogany gum tree, Eucalyptus marginata 赤桉(产于澳大利亚西部) 2  the durable timber of this 赤桉木 [Nyungar]

Jas. abbr. [缩略]  James (also in 亦用于 New Testament) 

jasmine /ˈdʒæsmin, ˈdʒæz-/ n. (also 亦作 jasmin, jessamin /ˈdʒesəmin/, jessamine /ˈdʒesəmin/)  any of various ornamental shrubs of the genus Jasminum usu. with white or yellow flowers (通常开白色或黄色花朵的)素馨，茉莉 [French jasmin, jessemin via Arabic yɑˉs(a)mīn from Persian yɑˉsamīn]

jasmine tea n.  a tea perfumed with dried jasmine blossom 茉莉花茶

Jason /ˈdʒeisn/   贾森 [人名]

Jasper /ˈdʒæspə/   贾斯珀 [人名]

jasper /ˈdʒæspə/ n.  an opaque variety of quartz, usu. red, yellow, or brown in colour 碧玉，水苍玉(通常呈红色、黄色或褐色) [Middle English via Old French jasp(r)e and Latin iaspis from Greek, of oriental origin]

jaspé /ˈdʒæspei/ adj.  like jasper; randomly coloured (esp. of cotton fabric) 碧玉似的；影纹的(尤指棉织品) [French, past part. of jasper ‘marble’, from jaspe JASPER]

Jat /dʒɑ:t/ n.  a member of an Indo-Aryan people widely distributed in NW India 贾特人(分布在印度西北部) [Hindi jɑˉt]

jato /ˈdʒeitəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Aeron. 【空】  1  jet-assisted take-off 喷气助推起飞 2  an auxiliary power unit providing extra thrust at take-off 喷气起飞助推器 [acronym]

jaundice /ˈdʒɔ:ndis/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Med.  a condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, often caused by obstruction of the bile duct or by liver disease 【医】黄疸；黄疸病 2  disordered (esp. mental) vision (尤指精神)恍惚 3  envy, resentment, jealousy 妒忌；怨恨；猜忌 ●v. tr.  1  affect with jaundice 使患黄疸病 2 (esp. as 尤作 jaundiced adj.)  affect (a person) with envy, resentment, or jealousy 使(某人)妒忌的，怨恨的，猜忌的 [Middle English iaunes from Old French jaunice ‘yellowness’, from jaune ‘yellow’]

jaunt /dʒɔ:nt/ n. & v. ●n.  a short excursion for enjoyment (短途)旅行，游览；远足 ●v. intr.  take a jaunt 作短途旅行(游览、远足) [16th c.: origin unknown]

jaunting car n. hist.  a light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle formerly used in Ireland [史义] (爱尔兰的)双轮敞篷轻便马车

jaunty /ˈdʒɔ:nti/ adj. (jauntier, jauntiest)  1  cheerful and self-confident 轻松愉快的；喜洋洋的；得意的 2  dashing, pert 漂亮的，时髦的  jaunty hat  时髦的帽子 □ jauntily  adv.  □ jauntiness  n.   [earlier jentee from French gentil GENTLE]

Java /ˈdʒɑ:və/ n.  爪哇(岛) [印度尼西亚]

Java man /ˈdʒɑ:və/ n.  a fossil human of the species Homo erectus (formerly Pithecanthropus) whose remains were found in Java, Indonesia 爪哇(直立)猿人(其化石在印度尼西亚的爪哇被发现)

Javan /ˈdʒɑ:v(ə)n/ n. & adj.  = JAVANESE 

Javanese /dʒɑ:vəˈni:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or inhabitant of Java in Indonesia 爪哇人；爪哇居民b  a person of Javanese descent 爪哇人的后裔 2  the Austronesian language of central Java 爪哇语(属中爪哇澳斯特罗尼西亚语系) ●adj.  of or relating to Java, its people, or its language 爪哇的；与爪哇有关的；爪哇人的；爪哇语的

Java sparrow /ˈdʒɑ:və/ n.  a waxbill, Padda oryzivora, native to Java and Bali and often kept as an aviary pet 爪哇禾雀(产于爪哇和巴厘岛，常养于笼中供观赏)

javelin /ˈdʒæv(ə)lin/ n.  1  a light spear thrown in a competitive sport or as a weapon (田径运动中用的)标枪； (作武器用的)投枪 2  the athletic event or sport of throwing the javelin 掷标枪项目(运动) [French javeline, javelot from Gallo-Roman gabalottus]

jaw /dʒɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth 颌；颚b  the parts of certain invertebrates used for the ingestion of food 下巴，下颌 2  a (in pl. 用复数)  the mouth with its bones and teeth 口部，嘴(包括颌骨及牙齿)b  the narrow mouth of a valley, channel, etc. (山谷、水道等的)狭窄入口c  the gripping parts of a tool or machine (工具或机器)夹住东西的部分，钳口d  gripping-power 险境  jaws of death  鬼门关 3 colloq. [口]  a  talkativeness; tedious talk 饶舌；冗长乏味的话  hold your jaw  住嘴b  a sermonizing talk; a lecture 讲道；说教，训人 ●v. colloq. [口]  1 intr.  speak esp. at tedious length 唠叨 2 tr.  a  persuade by talking 数说b  admonish or lecture 告诫；教训 □ jawless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French joe ‘cheek, jaw’, of uncertain origin]

jawbone /ˈdʒɔ:bəʊn/ n.  a bone of the jaw, esp. that of the lower jaw (the mandible), or either half of this 颌骨(尤指下颌骨)；颚骨

jaw-breaker n. colloq.  a word that is very long or hard to pronounce [口]读起来特别费劲的长词；难发音的词

jaw-jaw n. & v. ●n.  talking, esp. lengthy and pointless discussion 长谈(尤指冗长而无结果的讨论) ●v. intr.  talk, esp. at length or to no purpose 谈话(尤指喋喋不休或徒劳的讨论) [reduplication of JAW]

jawline /ˈdʒɔ:lain/ n.  the outline of the jaw 下颌的轮廓，下巴的外形

jay /dʒei/ n.  1  a  a noisy chattering European bird, Garrulus glandarius, with vivid pinkish-brown, blue, black, and white plumage 松鸦，樫鸟(产于欧洲，羽毛鲜艳，呈淡褐色、蓝色、黑色及白色)b  any other bird of the subfamily Garrulinae 松鸦族的一种 2  a person who chatters impertinently 爱唠叨的人，碎嘴子 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin gaius, gaia, perhaps from Latin praenomen Gaius: cf. jackdaw, robin]

jaywalk /ˈdʒeiwɔ:k/ v. intr.  cross or walk in the street or road without regard for traffic 无视交通规则任意行走 □ jaywalker  n.  

jazz /dʒæz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  music of African-American origin characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and usu. a regular or forceful rhythm 爵士乐(通常具有规律且强有力的节奏) 2 colloq.  pretentious talk or behaviour, nonsensical stuff [口]空谈；装腔作势的行为；无用的东西  all that jazz  以及类似的东西 ●v. intr.  play or dance to jazz 演奏爵士乐；跳爵士舞 □ jazz up   brighten or enliven 使生色，使活泼热烈□ jazzer  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

jazzman /ˈdʒæzmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a male jazz musician (男)爵士乐演奏家；爵士乐音乐家

jazzy /ˈdʒæzi/ adj. (jazzier, jazziest)  1  of or like jazz 爵士乐的；似爵士乐的 2  vivid, unrestrained, showy 活泼的，狂放的；花哨的 □ jazzily  adv.  □ jazziness  n.  

JCB n. propr.  a type of mechanical excavator with a shovel at the front and a digging arm at the rear [商标] (前铲后挖的) JCB 式挖土机 [J. C. Bamford, the makers]

JCL abbr. Computing  job-control language [缩略]【计算】作业控制语言

J-cloth n. (also 亦作 J cloth propr. [商标])  a type of cloth used esp. for household cleaning (尤指用于家庭清洁的)百洁布 [Johnson and Johnson, original makers]

JCR abbr. Brit.  Junior Common (or Combination) Room [缩略] [英]学生公用室

jealous /ˈdʒeləs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  fiercely protective (of rights etc.) (对权利等)惟恐失去的；精心守护的 2  afraid, suspicious, or resentful of rivalry in love or affection 妒忌的，怨恨的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  envious or resentful (of a person or a person's advantages etc.) 忌妒的；羡慕的；怨恨的 4 (of God) intolerant of disloyalty (对神祗)要求绝对忠实的；不容抗争的 5 (of inquiry, supervision, etc.) vigilant (对质问、监督等)警惕的；戒备的 □ jealously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French gelos from medieval Latin zelosus ZEALOUS]

jealousy /ˈdʒeləsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a jealous state or feeling 忌妒(之情) 2  an instance of this 忌妒，羡慕(的言行) [Middle English from Old French gelosie (as JEALOUS)]

Jean /dʒi:n/   琼 [人名]

Jeanie /ˈdʒi:ni/   珍妮 [人名]

jeans /dʒi:nz/ n. pl.  hard-wearing trousers made of denim or other cotton fabric, for informal wear 牛仔裤；粗斜纹棉布裤 [from jean ‘twilled cotton cloth’ from Middle English, attributive use of Jene from Old French Janne, from medieval Latin Janua ‘Genoa’]

Jed /dʒed/   杰德 [人名]

jeep /dʒi:p/ n. propr.  a small sturdy esp. military motor vehicle with four-wheel drive [商标] (尤指军事用)吉普车 [originally US, from GP = general purposes, influenced by ‘Eugene the Jeep’, an animal in a comic strip]

jeepers /ˈdʒi:pəz/ int. (also 亦作 jeepers creepers) N. Amer. slang  expressing surprise etc. [北美] [俚语] (表示惊讶、诧异等)天哪，哎呀 [corruption of JESUS]

jeer /dʒiə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  scoff derisively 嘲笑，嘲弄 2 tr.  scoff at; deride 嘲笑，嘲弄 ●n.  a scoff or taunt 嘲笑；奚落 □ jeeringly  adv.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

Jeez /dʒi:z/ int. slang  a mild expression of surprise, discovery, etc. (cf. 参见 GEE1) [俚语] (表示惊讶、诧异、惊现等)天哪，哎呀 [abbreviation of JESUS]

Jeff /dʒef/   杰夫 [人名]

Jeffrey /ˈdʒefri/   杰弗里 [人名]

jehad var.  of JIHAD  JIHAD 的变体

Jehoshaphat /dʒiˈhɒʃəfæt/ int. (also 亦作 Jehosaphat) (often in phr. 常用于短语 jumping Jehoshaphat)  a mild expletive (表示惊讶)天哪，哎呀 [a biblical name (2 Sam. 8:16, etc.)]

Jehovah /dʒiˈhəʊvə/ n.  the Hebrew name of God in the Old Testament 耶和华(《圣经·旧约》中对上帝的希伯来语称呼)，上帝 [medieval Latin Iehoua(h) from Hebrew YHVH (with the vowels of adonai ‘my lord’ included): see YAHWEH]

Jehovah's Witness n.  a member of a millenarian Christian sect rejecting the supremacy of the State and religious institutions over personal conscience, faith, etc. 耶和华见证人(基督教教派，拒绝接受国家和宗教机构对个人良知、信仰等的至高无上的权力)

Jehovist /dʒiˈhəʊvist/ n.  = YAHWIST 

jejune /dʒiˈdʒu:n/ adj.  1  intellectually unsatisfying; shallow (思想)浅薄的，不成熟的；肤浅的 2  puerile, childish; naive 幼稚的，孩子气的；天真的 3 (of ideas, writings, etc.) meagre, scanty; dry and uninteresting (思想、文章等)枯竭的，贫乏的；枯燥无味的 4 (of land) barren, poor (土地)贫瘠的，缺乏肥力的 □ jejunely  adv.  □ jejuneness  n.   [originally = fasting, from Latin jejunus]

jejunum /dʒiˈdʒu:nəm/ n. Anat.  the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum 【解】空肠(在十二指肠和回肠之间) [Latin, neut. of jejunus ‘fasting’]

Jekyll and Hyde /ˌdʒekil (ə)nd ˈhaid/ n.  a person alternately displaying opposing good and evil personalities 有善恶双重人格的人，两重性格交替出现的人 [from R. L. Stevenson's story The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)]

jell /dʒel/ v. intr. colloq. [口]  1  a  set as a jelly 成胶状；凝结b (of ideas etc.) take a definite form (思想等)凝固，定形，一成不变 2 (of people) readily cooperate or reach an understanding (人)欣然合作；达成共识 [back-formation from JELLY]

jellaba var.  of DJELLABA  DJELLABA 的变体

jellify /ˈdʒelifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  turn into jelly; make or become like jelly (使)成胶冻(或果冻)；(使)成胶状 □ jellification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

jello /ˈdʒeləʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Jell-O propr. [商标]) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a fruit-flavoured gelatin dessert; jelly 果冻(甜食) 2  the powder used to make this 果冻粉

jelly /ˈdʒeli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a semi-transparent preparation of boiled sugar and fruit juice or milk etc., set to a soft semi-solid consistency, often in a mould, and eaten as a dessert (含糖、果汁、牛奶等，用作甜食的)果冻b  a similar preparation of fruit juice etc. for use as a jam or a condiment (用果汁等配制的)果酱  redcurrant jelly  红醋栗果酱c  a similar preparation derived from meat, bones, etc., and gelatin (肉、骨汤等和胶态蛋白制成的)肉冻  marrowbone jelly  髓骨冻 2  any substance of a similar consistency 果冻状物 3 Brit. slang  gelignite (cf. 参见 GELLY) [英] [俚语]爆炸胶 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. & tr.  set or cause to set as a jelly, congeal 结冻，使凝结；变成胶冻 2 tr.  set (food) in a jelly 把(食物)做成胶冻  jellied eels  鳗冻 □ jelly-like  adj.   [Middle English via Old French gelee ‘frost, jelly’ and Romanic gelata from Latin gelare ‘freeze’, from gelu ‘frost’]

jelly baby n. Brit.  a jelly-like sweet in the stylized shape of a baby [英]胶糖娃娃(娃娃形状的凝胶软糖)

jelly bag n.  a bag for straining juice for jelly (做果冻用的)果汁过滤袋

jelly bean n.  a bean-shaped sweet with a jelly-like centre and a hard sugar coating 软心豆粒糖

jellyfish /ˈdʒelifiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  a marine coelenterate of the class Scyphozoa having an umbrella-shaped jelly-like body and stinging tentacles 水母，海蛰 2 colloq.  a feeble person [口]软弱无用的人

jelly roll n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SWISS ROLL 

jemmy /ˈdʒemi/ n. & v. (N. Amer. [北美] jimmy /ˈdʒimi/) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a burglar's short crowbar, usu. made in sections (通常窃贼用的组合)短铁撬，铁撬棍 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  force open with a jemmy 用铁撬棍撬开 [pet form of the name James]

je ne sais quoi /ʒə nə sei ˈkwɑ:, dʒə-, 法 ʒən sɛ kwa/ n.  an indefinable something 难以描绘(或表达)的东西，说不清楚的东西 [French, = I do not know what]

jennet /ˈdʒenit/ n.  a small Spanish horse 西班牙小马 [French genet via Spanish jinete ‘light horseman’ from Arabic zenɑˉta, the name of a Berber tribe famous as horsemen]

Jennie /ˈdʒeni/   珍妮 [人名]

Jennifer /ˈdʒenifə/   珍妮弗 [人名]

Jenny /ˈdʒeni/   珍妮 [人名]

jenny /ˈdʒeni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 hist. [史义]  = SPINNING JENNY  2  a female donkey or ass 母驴 3  a locomotive crane 机车起重机 [pet form of the name Janet]

jenny-wren n.  a popular name for a female wren 鹪鹩(雌鹪鹩的俗称)

jeopardize /ˈdʒepədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  endanger; put into jeopardy 危及；使处于危险境地

jeopardy /ˈdʒepədi/ n.  1  danger, esp. of severe harm or loss 危险(尤指严重的伤害、损失) 2 Law  danger resulting from being on trial for a criminal offence 【法律】(因刑事犯罪而受审所处的)危险处境 [Middle English iuparti from Old French ieu parti ‘divided (i.e. even) game’, from Latin jocus ‘game’ + partitus, past part. of partire ‘divide’, from pars partis ‘part’]

Jer. abbr. [缩略]  Jeremiah (Old Testament) 

jerboa /dʒɜ:ˈbəʊə, ˈdʒɜ:bəʊə/ n.  any small desert rodent of the family Dipodidae with long hind legs and the ability to make large jumps 跳鼠(产于沙漠地区，体小、后腿长、跳得远的啮齿类动物) [modern Latin, from Arabic yarbū ‘flesh of loins, jerboa’]

jeremiad /dʒeriˈmaiæd/ n.  a doleful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes 哀诉，悲叹；伤心的故事，哀史 [French jérémiade from Jérémie ‘Jeremiah’, from ecclesiastical Latin Jeremias, with reference to the Lamentations of Jeremiah in the Old Testament]

Jeremiah /dʒeriˈmaiə/ n.  a dismal prophet; a denouncer of the times 悲观的预言者；针砭时弊的人 [with reference to Jeremiah (as JEREMIAD)]

Jeremy /ˈdʒerimi/   杰里米 [人名]

jerk1 /dʒɜ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sharp sudden pull, twist, twitch, start, etc. 猛拉(拧、扯、开始等) 2  a spasmodic muscular twitch (肌肉的)反射，抽动 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  exercises [英口]锻炼  physical jerks  体操 4 slang  a fool; a stupid person [俚语]蠢人，笨蛋 5 (in full 全称 clean and jerk) (prec. by 前接 the) (in weightlifting) the raising of a weight to above the head following an initial lift to shoulder level (举重运动中的)挺举 ●v.  1 intr.  move with a jerk 猝然一动 2 tr.  pull, thrust, twist, etc., with a jerk 猛拉(猛推、急扭等) 3 tr.  throw with a suddenly arrested motion 猛扔 4 tr. Sport (in weightlifting) raise (a weight) from shoulder level to above the head 【运动】(举重运动中)挺举(杠铃) □ jerk off  coarse slang  masturbate [粗俗俚语]手淫，自慰□ jerker  n.   [16th c.: perhaps imitative]

jerk2 /dʒɜ:k/ v. tr.  cure (beef) by cutting it in long slices and drying it in the sun 把(牛肉)切成长条晒干 [Latin American Spanish charquear, from charqui, from Quechua echarqui ‘dried flesh’]

jerkin /ˈdʒɜ:kin/ n.  1  a sleeveless jacket 坎肩 2 hist.  a man's close-fitting jacket, often of leather [史义] (男用)紧身皮外套 [16th c.: origin unknown]

jerky /ˈdʒɜ:ki/ adj. (jerkier, jerkiest)  1  having sudden abrupt movements 颠簸的，忽动忽停的 2  spasmodic 痉挛性的 □ jerkily  adv.  □ jerkiness  n.  

jeroboam /dʒerəˈbəʊəm/ n.  a wine bottle of 4 times the ordinary size (为普通酒瓶 4 倍量的)大酒瓶 [named after Jeroboam King of Israel (1 Kings 11:28, 14:16)]

Jerome /dʒəˈrəum/   杰罗姆 [人名]

Jerry /ˈdʒeri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a German (esp. in military contexts) (尤指有军事背景的)德国人 2  the Germans collectively (总称)德国人 [probably alteration of German]

jerry /ˈdʒeri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. slang  a chamber pot [英] [俚语]夜壶，便壶 [probably dimunitive of JEROBOAM]

jerry-builder /ˈdʒeribildə/ n.  a builder of unsubstantial houses with poor-quality materials 偷工减料的营造商，建筑工人 □ jerry-building  n.  □ jerry-built  adj.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

jerrycan /ˈdʒerikæn/ n. (also 亦作 jerrican)  a kind of (originally German) petrol can or water can (盛放水或汽油，原产于德国的)容器 [JERRY + CAN2]

jerrymander Brit. var.  of GERRYMANDER [英] GERRYMANDER 的变体

jersey /ˈdʒɜ:zi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a  a knitted usu. woollen pullover or similar garment (通常羊毛)针织紧身套衫；卫生衫b  a plain-knitted (originally woollen) fabric (原为羊毛)平针织物 2 (作 Jersey)  a light brown dairy cow from Jersey 泽西种乳牛 [Jersey, largest of the Channel Islands]

Jerusalem /dʒəˈru:sələm/ n.  耶路撒冷(巴勒斯坦著名古城，伊斯兰教、犹太教和基督教的圣地)

Jerusalem artichoke /dʒəˈru:s(ə)ləm/ n.  1  a species of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, with edible underground tubers 菊芋，洋姜 2  this tuber used as a vegetable 菊芋，洋姜(可作蔬菜) [corruption of Italian girasole ‘sunflower’]

Jess /dʒes/   杰斯 [人名]

jess /dʒes/ n. & v. ●n.  a short strap of leather, silk, etc., put round the leg of a hawk in falconry 绕在猎鹰腿上的短带(皮、丝等制成) ●v. tr.  put jesses on (a hawk etc.) 给(鹰等)系上脚带 [Middle English ges from Old French ges, get, ultimately from Latin jactus ‘a throw’ from jacere jact- ‘to throw’]

jessamin (also 亦作 jessamine) var.  of JASMINE JASMINE 的变体

Jesse /ˈdʒesi/   杰西 [人名]

Jessica /ˈdʒesikə/   杰西卡 [人名]

Jessie /ˈdʒesi/   杰西 [人名]

jest /dʒest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a joke 笑话b  fun 玩笑；嬉戏 2  a  raillery, banter 戏弄；取笑b  an object of derision 笑料，笑柄  a standing jest  经常被取笑的对象 ●v. intr.  1  joke; make jests 说笑话；开玩笑 2  fool about; play or act triflingly 戏弄；取笑，逗弄 □ in jest   in fun 开玩笑地 [originally = exploit: Old French geste from Latin gesta, neut. pl. past part. of gerere ‘do’]

jester /ˈdʒestə/ n. hist.  a professional joker or ‘fool’ at a medieval court etc., traditionally wearing a cap and bells and carrying a mock sceptre [史义] (中世纪宫廷等中的)逗乐小丑，弄臣

Jesuit /ˈdʒezjʊit/ n.  a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by St Ignatius Loyola and others in 1534 耶稣会会士 (1534 年伊格内修斯·洛约拉等所创天主教修会的成员) [French jésuite or modern Latin Jesuita from Jesus: see JESUS]

Jesuitical /dʒezjʊˈitik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or concerning the Jesuits 耶稣会(会士)的；与耶稣会会士有关的 2 offens.  dissembling or equivocating, in the manner once associated with Jesuits [冒犯]装作具有耶稣会会士类似品质的 □ Jesuitically  adv.  

Jesus /ˈdʒi:zəs/ int. colloq.  an exclamation of surprise, dismay, etc. [口] (表示惊奇、失望等)天哪 [name of the founder of the Christian religion d. c. AD 30]

jet1 /dʒet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stream of liquid, gas, or (more rarely) solid particles shot out, esp. from a small opening (液体、气体、偶为固体颗粒的，尤指从小孔中喷出的)喷射流 2  a spout or nozzle for emitting water etc. in this way (水等的)喷嘴，喷射口 3  a  a jet engine 喷气发动机b  an aircraft powered by one or more jet engines 喷气式飞机 ●v. (jetted, jetting)  1 intr.  spurt out in jets 喷射，喷发 2 tr. & intr. colloq.  send or travel by jet plane [口]乘喷气式飞机 [earlier as verb (in sense 1): French jeter ‘throw’, ultimately from Latin jactare, frequentative of jacere jact- ‘throw’]

jet2 /dʒet/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a hard black variety of lignite capable of being carved and highly polished 煤玉；黑色大理石(黑色矿物，质硬，可雕刻，可高度抛光)b (作 attrib.)  made of this 煤玉制的 2  the colour of jet; a deep glossy black 深黑色；发亮的乌黑色 ●adj.  of this colour 黑而发亮的，乌黑的 [Middle English via Anglo-French geet, Old French jaiet, and Latin gagates from Greek (lithos) gagatēs ‘(stone) from Gagai’, a town in Asia Minor]

jet black n. & adj. ●n.  a black colour like jet; a glossy black 乌黑，深黑 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 黑而发亮的，乌黑的

jet engine n.  an engine using jet propulsion for forward thrust, esp. of an aircraft (尤指飞机的)喷气发动机

jetfoil /ˈdʒetfɔil/ n.  a type of passenger-carrying hydrofoil 载人喷流水翼船 [JET1 + HYDROFOIL]

jet lag n.  extreme tiredness and other bodily effects felt after a long flight involving marked differences of local time 时差综合症(因长距离飞行引起的极度疲劳和其他反应) □ jet-lagged  adj.  

jet-propelled adj.  1  having jet propulsion 喷气推进的 2  very fast 飞快的

jet propulsion n.  propulsion by the backward ejection of a high-speed jet of gas etc. 喷气(等)推进

jetsam /ˈdʒets(ə)m/ n.  discarded material washed ashore, esp. that thrown overboard to lighten a ship etc. (cf. 参见 FLOTSAM) 冲到岸上的投弃物品(尤指为减轻船的重量而抛弃的货物) [contraction of JETTISON]

jet set n. colloq.  wealthy people frequently travelling by air, esp. for pleasure [口]喷气机阶层，阔佬阶层(尤指为寻欢作乐经常乘喷气机旅游的有钱人) □ jet-setter  n.  □ jet-setting  adj.  

jet ski n. & v. ●n. (pl. skis)  a jet-propelled vehicle like a motorbike, for riding across water 喷气推进滑水车 ●v. intr. (作 jet-ski) (-skies, -skied, -skiing)  ride on a jet ski 乘喷气推进滑水车

jet stream n.  1  a narrow current of very strong winds encircling the globe several miles above the earth (地球上空几英里处的)急流 2  the flow of vapour from a jet engine (喷气发动机喷出的)喷(气)流，射流

jettison /ˈdʒetis(ə)n, -z(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  throw (esp. heavy material) overboard to lighten a ship, hot-air balloon, etc. (船舶、热气球等为减轻重量而)投弃(尤指重物)b  drop (goods) from an aircraft (从飞机)抛放，投下(物品) 2  abandon; get rid of (something no longer wanted) 抛弃；放弃；摆脱(不想要的事物) ●n.  the act of jettisoning 投弃物品 [Middle English via Anglo-French getteson, Old French getaison from Latin jactatio -onis, from jactare ‘throw’: see JET1]

jetton /ˈdʒet(ə)n/ n.  a counter with a stamped or engraved design, esp. for insertion like a coin to operate a machine etc. (尤指似硬币可塞入插孔开动机器等的)筹码 [French jeton from jeter ‘throw, add up accounts’: see JET1]

jetty /ˈdʒeti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a pier or breakwater constructed to protect or defend a harbour, coast, etc. (防护码头、沿海地区的)防波堤；突堤 2  a landing pier 登岸码头 [Middle English from Old French jetee, fem. past part. of jeter ‘throw’: see JET1, JUT]

jeté /ʒeˈtei/ n. Ballet  a spring or leap with one leg forward and the other stretched backwards 【芭蕾舞】小跳，越步(一腿向前，另一条腿向后伸展) [French, past part. of jeter ‘throw’: see JET1]

jeu d'esprit /ʒɜ: deˈspri:, 法 ʒø dɛspri/ n. (pl. jeux d'esprit pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a witty or humorous (usu. literary) trifle (通常指文学作品中)妙语，诙谐的话；幽默文章 [French, = game of the spirit]

jeunesse dorée /ʒɜ:nes ˈdɔ:rei, 法 ʒœnɛs dɔre/ n.  = GILDED YOUTH  [French]

Jew /dʒu:/ n.  a person of Hebrew descent or whose religion is Judaism 犹太人；犹太教徒 [Middle English via Old French giu and Latin judaeus from Greek ioudaios, ultimately via Hebrew yĕhûdî from yĕhûdɑˆh Judah]

jewel /ˈdʒu:əl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a precious stone 宝石b  this as used for its hardness as a bearing in watchmaking (钟表内的)宝石轴承，钻 2  a personal ornament containing a jewel or jewels 宝石饰物；首饰 3  a precious person or thing 受珍视的人(或物) ●v. tr. (jewelled, jewelling; US [美] jeweled, jeweling)  1 (esp. as 尤作 jewelled adj.)  adorn or set with jewels 用宝石装饰；为…装上宝石 2 (in watchmaking) set with jewels (制表中)为…装上宝石轴承 □ jewelly  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French juel, jeuel, Old French joel, of uncertain origin]

jewel-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a scarlet and green tropical cichlid fish, Hemichromis bimaculatus 伴丽鱼(产于热带，色鲜红兼绿)

jeweller /ˈdʒu:ələ/ n. (US [美] jeweler)  a maker of or dealer in jewels or jewellery 宝石匠；宝石商；珠宝商 [Middle English from Anglo-French jueler, Old French juelier (as JEWEL)]

jeweller's rouge n.  finely ground rouge for polishing metal 铁丹

jewellery /ˈdʒu:əlri/ n. (also 亦作 jewelry)  jewels or other ornamental objects, esp. for personal adornment, regarded collectively (总称) (尤指个人装饰用的)珠宝；首饰 [Middle English from Old French juelerie, and from JEWEL, JEWELLER]

Jewess /ˈdʒu:es, -is/ n. offens.  a female Jew [冒犯]犹太女人；犹太姑娘

jewfish /ˈdʒu:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  a grouper, Epinephelus itajara, of N. American, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts 阔额鮨(产于北美、大西洋和太平洋沿海) 2  any of various large Australian fish used as food, esp. the mulloway (澳大利亚的)大食用鱼(尤指石首鱼)

Jewish /ˈdʒu:iʃ/ adj.  1  of or relating to Jews 犹太人的；与犹太人有关的 2  of Judaism 犹太教的 □ Jewishly  adv.  □ Jewishness  n.  

Jewry /ˈdʒʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  Jews collectively (总称)犹太人 2 hist.  a Jews' quarter in a town etc. [史义] (城镇等的)犹太人聚居区；犹太社区 [Middle English from Anglo-French juerie, Old French juierie (as JEW)]

Jew's ear n.  a rubbery cup-shaped fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on trees 黑木耳 [mistranslation of medieval Latin auricula Judae ‘Judas's ear’, from its shape and its occurrence on the elder, said to be the tree from which Judas Iscariot hanged himself]

Jew's harp n.  a small lyre-shaped musical instrument held between the teeth and struck with the finger 单簧口琴(一种形似古希腊七弦竖琴，含在齿间用指拨奏的单簧乐器)

Jezebel /ˈdʒezəbel/ n.  a shameless or immoral woman 无耻荡妇 [Jezebel, wife of Ahab in the Old Testament (1 Kings 16, 19, 21)]

jib1 /dʒib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a triangular staysail extending from the outer end of the jib-boom to the top of the foremast or from the bowsprit to the masthead 艏三角帆；主帆前的小三角帆 2  the projecting arm of a crane (起重机的)悬臂，挺杆 ●v. tr. & intr. (jibbed, jibbing) (of a sail etc.) pull or swing round from one side of the ship to the other; gybe (使) (帆等)从一边转至另一边；使(帆)改变方向 [17th c.: origin unknown]

jib2 /dʒib/ v. intr. (jibbed, jibbing)  1  a (of an animal, esp. a horse) stop and refuse to go on; move backwards or sideways instead of going on (动物，尤指马)却步，逡巡不前；横移；后退b (of a person) refuse to continue (人)畏缩不前 2 (foll. by 后跟 at)  show aversion to (a person or course of action) 对(某人或某行为)表示厌憎 □ jibber  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

jibba /ˈdʒibə/ n. (also 亦作 jibbah, djibba, djibbah)  a long coat worn by Muslim men (伊斯兰教徒穿的)长开襟布袍 [Egyptian variant of Arabic jubba]

jib-boom n.  a spar run out from the end of the bowsprit 艏斜帆桁

jibe1 var.  of GIBE  GIBE 的变体

jibe2 US var.  of GYBE [美] GYBE 的变体

jibe3 /dʒaib/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) US colloq.  agree; be in accord [美口]相一致，符合 [19th c.: origin unknown]

jiff /dʒif/ n. (also 亦作 jiffy, pl. -ies) colloq.  a short time; a moment [口]一会儿，瞬间  in a jiffy  一会儿 half a jiff  稍一会儿 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Jiffy bag /ˈdʒifi/ n. propr.  a type of padded envelope for postal use [商标] (供邮寄用的)有衬垫的大封套

jig /dʒiɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a lively dance with leaping movements 吉格舞b  the music for this, usu. in triple time 吉格舞曲(通常为三拍子) 2  a device that holds a piece of work and guides the tools operating on it 夹具；钻模 3  a device for catching fish that is jerked up and down through the water 拟饵手钓钩 ●v. (jigged, jigging)  1 intr.  dance a jig 跳吉格舞 2 tr. & intr.  move quickly and jerkily up and down 蹦跳着走动；上下急动 3 tr.  work on or equip with a jig or jigs 用夹具(或钻模) (对…)加工；(为…)装配夹具(或钻模) 4 tr. & intr.  fish (for) or catch with a jig 用拟饵手钓钩(捕)鱼 □ jig about   fidget 坐立不安 [16th c.: origin unknown]

jigger1 /ˈdʒiɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Naut. 【海】  a  a small tackle consisting of a double and single block with a rope 小滑车，轻便复滑车b  a small sail at the stern 伸艉后桅帆c  a small smack having this (有伸艉后桅帆的)小帆船 2 slang  a gadget [俚语]小玩意儿，小部件 3 Golf  an iron club with a narrow face 【高尔夫球】小铁头球棒 4 Billiards colloq.  a cue-rest 【台球】[口]球杆支架，枪棒托架 5  a  a measure of spirits etc. (酒等的)小量器b  a small glass holding this (盛此量的)小玻璃杯 6  a person or thing that jigs 跳吉格舞的人；振动器；筛 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 I'll be jiggered) slang  confound, damn [俚语]厌烦；骂…该死 2  exhaust; damage, break 耗尽；损害；违反 [JIG v.]

jigger2 var.  of CHIGGER  CHIGGER 的变体

jiggery-pokery /ˌdʒiɡ(ə)riˈpəʊk(ə)ri/ n. Brit. colloq.  deceitful or dishonest dealing, trickery [英口]欺骗，诈骗；骗局 [cf. Scots joukery-pawkery from jouk ‘dodge, skulk’]

jiggle /ˈdʒiɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 about etc.)  1 tr.  shake lightly; rock jerkily 轻摇；抖动；急颤 2 intr.  fidget 坐立不安 ●n.  a light shake 轻摇；抖动 □ jiggly  adj.   [JIG or JOGGLE1]

jigsaw /ˈdʒiɡsɔ:/ n.  1  a (in full 全称 jigsaw puzzle)  a puzzle consisting of a picture on board or wood etc. cut into irregular interlocking pieces to be reassembled (用板子或木头制成的)拼图玩具；七巧板b  a mental puzzle resolvable by assembling various pieces of information 疑团 2  a machine saw with a fine blade enabling it to cut curved lines in a sheet of wood, metal, etc. 线锯(有狭锯条，适于在木片、金属片等上切割错综复杂的曲线；) 钢丝锯；镂花锯

jihad /dʒiˈhɑ:d, -ˈhæd/ n. (also 亦作 jehad)  a holy war undertaken by Muslims against unbelievers (伊斯兰教的)护教战争，圣战 [Arabic jihɑˉd]

Jill /dʒil/   吉尔 [人名]

jill var.  of GILL4  GILL4 的变体

Jilly /ˈdʒili/   吉莉 [人名]

jilt /dʒilt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  abruptly reject or abandon (a lover etc.) 抛弃(情人等) ●n.  a person (esp. a woman) who jilts a lover 抛弃情人者(尤指女子) [17th c.: origin unknown]

Jim /dʒim/   吉姆 [人名]

Jim Crow /dʒim ˈkrəʊ/ n. US [美]  1  the practice of segregating blacks (对黑人的)种族歧视；种族隔离 2 offens.  a black person [冒犯]黑人 3  an implement for straightening iron bars or bending rails by screw pressure (用螺旋压力机弯轨的)弯轨器 □ Jim Crowism  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1) (对黑人的)种族歧视，种族隔离 [from the name of a black character in a 19th c. plantation song]

jim-jams1 /ˈdʒimdʒæmz/ n. pl.  1 slang [俚语]  = DELIRIUM TREMENS  2 colloq.  a fit of depression or nervousness [口]闷闷不乐；紧张不安 [fanciful reduplication]

jim-jams2 /ˈdʒimdʒæmz/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  pyjamas [英口]睡衣(睡)裤 [abbreviation of piejim-jams, corruption of PYJAMAS]

Jimmy /ˈdʒimi/ n. Brit. slang  an act of urination; a piddle [英] [俚语]排尿，小便，撒尿 [abbreviation of Jimmy Riddle, rhyming slang]

jimmy N. Amer. var.  of JEMMY [北美] JEMMY 的变体

jimson /ˈdʒims(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 jimson weed) US  a highly poisonous tall weed, Datura stramonium, with large trumpet-shaped flowers [美]曼陀罗(有剧毒的植物，开喇叭形花) [Jamestown in Virginia]

jingle /ˈdʒiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mixed noise as of bells or light metal objects being shaken together (铃铛与金属碰击时发出的)丁当声 2  a  a repetition of the same sound in words, esp. as an aid to memory or to attract attention (尤指为有助于记忆或引起注意用语句)反复出现的同一声音b  a short verse of this kind used in advertising etc. (广告等中的)短诗 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a jingling sound (使)发出丁当声 2 intr. (of writing) be full of alliterations, rhymes, etc. (文章)充斥头韵(押韵等) □ jingly  adj.   [Middle English: imitative]

jingo /ˈdʒiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a supporter of policy favouring war; a blustering patriot 好战分子，沙文主义者；极端爱国主义者 □ by jingo!   a mild oath 啊呀！天哪！□ jingoism  n.  □ jingoist  n.  □ jingoistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [17th c.: originally a conjuror's word: political sense from use of by jingo in a popular song, first applied to those supporting the sending of a British fleet into Turkish waters to resist Russia in 1878]

jink /dʒiŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move elusively; dodge 躲闪；避开 2 tr.  elude by dodging 闪避 ●n.  an act of dodging or eluding 闪避；躲闪 [originally Scots: probably imitative of nimble motion]

jinnee /ˈdʒini:/ n. (also 亦作 jinn, djinn /dʒin/) (pl. jinn or djinn) (in Muslim mythology) an intelligent being lower than the angels, able to appear in human and animal forms, and having power over people 镇尼神怪(穆斯林神话中的精灵，地位仅低于天使，能变成人或兽形) [Arabic jinnī, pl. jinn: cf. GENIE]

jinx /dʒiŋks/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a person or thing that seems to cause bad luck 不详的人(或事物) ●v. tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  subject (a person or thing) to bad luck; cast an evil spell on 给(某人或某事)带来厄运；给…施妖术 [perhaps variant of jynx ‘wryneck, charm’]

JIT abbr. Commerce  just-in-time [缩略]【商业】及时

jitter /ˈdʒitə/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (the jitters)  extreme nervousness 神经极度的紧张 ●v. intr.  be nervous; act nervously 感到神经紧张，举止不自然 □ jittery  adj.  □ jitteriness  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

jitterbug /ˈdʒitəbʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a nervous person 紧张不安的人 2 hist. [史义]  a  a fast dance popular in the 1940s, performed chiefly to swing music 吉特巴舞(活泼欢乐的舞蹈，曾在 20 世纪 40 年代风行一时)b  a person fond of dancing this 爱跳吉特巴舞的人 ●v. intr. (-bugged, -bugging)  dance the jitterbug 跳吉特巴舞

jiu-jitsu var.  of JU-JITSU  JU-JITSU 的变体

jive /dʒaiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a jerky lively style of dance esp. popular in the 1950s, performed to jazz or rock and roll music 摇摆舞(尤指风行于 20 世纪 50 年代、由爵士乐或摇滚乐伴奏的快节奏舞蹈) 2  music for this 摇摆乐 ●v. intr.  1  dance the jive 跳摇摆舞 2  play jive music 演奏摇摆乐 □ jiver  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

jizz /dʒiz/ n.  the characteristic impression given by an animal or plant 动植物的特性 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Jnr. abbr. [缩略]  Junior 

Jo /dʒəu/   乔 [人名]

jo /dʒəʊ/ n. (pl. joes) Sc.  a sweetheart or beloved [苏格兰]情人，心上人，亲爱的人 [variant of JOY]

Joan /dʒəun/   琼 [人名]

Joanna /dʒəuˈænə/   乔安娜 [人名]

Joanne /dʒəuˈæn/   乔安妮 [人名]

job1 /dʒɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of work, esp. one done for hire or profit (尤指受雇或为挣钱而干的)工作，活儿，活计 2  a paid position of employment 职业，职位 3 colloq. [口]  a  anything one has to do (某人的)职责，任务b  a specified operation or other matter, esp. an operation involving plastic surgery 特殊的操作(或活动) (尤指整形外科手术)  a nose job  鼻子的整形手术 a respray job  再喷漆的活儿 4 colloq.  a difficult task [口]难做的工作，费劲的事  had a job to find them  费好大的劲儿才找到他们 5 slang  a product of work, esp. if well done; an example of its type [俚语]成品，产品(尤指样品) 6 Computing  an item of work regarded separately 【计算】分项处理的作业 7 slang  a crime, esp. a robbery [俚语]犯罪行为(尤指抢劫) 8  a transaction in which private advantage prevails over duty or public interest 假公济私的勾当 9 esp. Brit. colloq.  a state of affairs or set of circumstances [尤英口]事态，状况  is a bad job  吃力不讨好的事 ●v. (jobbed, jobbing)  1 intr.  do jobs; do piecework 打零工，干杂活 2  a intr.  deal in stocks 批购转销，批发b tr.  buy and sell (stocks or goods) as a middleman (做中间商)买卖(股票或货物) 3  a intr.  turn a position of trust to private advantage 假公济私b tr.  deal corruptly with (a matter) (对某事)营私舞弊 4 tr. US slang  swindle [美] [俚语]欺诈，诈取 □ jobs for the boys  Brit. colloq.  preferment for one's supporters or favourites [英口]给自己的支持者(或亲信)的优厚职位□ just the job  Brit. colloq.  exactly what is wanted [英口]正是想要的东西□ make a job (or good job) of  Brit.  do thoroughly or successfully [英]漂亮地做好，把…干得很成功□ on the job  colloq. [口]  1  at work; in the course of doing a piece of work 在工作，在干活 2 Brit. euphem.  engaged in sexual intercourse [英婉]正在性交□ out of a job   unemployed 失业 [16th c.: origin unknown]

job2 /dʒɒb/ v. & n. ●v. (jobbed, jobbing)  1 tr.  prod; stab slightly 捅；轻戳 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  thrust 用力推 ●n.  a prod or thrust; a jerk at a horse's bit 捅；推；拽马缰绳 [Middle English, apparently imitative: cf. JAB]

job analysis n.  the analysis of the essential factors of a particular job or task and the qualifications needed to carry it out 工作分析，职务分析(指对某项工作或任务的要素与完成它所需条件的分析) □ job analyst  n.  

jobber /ˈdʒɒbə/ n.  1 (in the UK) a principal or wholesaler dealing on the Stock Exchange (permitted only to deal with brokers, not directly with the public) (英国只允许与掮客交易，不允许与公众接触的)股票经纪人，证券交易商 2 US [美]  a  a wholesaler 批发商b derog. [贬]  = BROKER 2  3  a person who jobs 做零活者 [JOB1]■Usage 用法说明 The term jobber in sense 1 was officially replaced by broker-dealer in 1986, broker-dealers being entitled to act as both agents and principals in share dealings. 词语 jobber 的释义 1 在 1986 年由 broker-dealer 所代替， broker-dealers 在股票交易中既可指代理人也可指委托人。 

jobbery /ˈdʒɒb(ə)ri/ n.  corrupt dealing 假公济私；营私舞弊；贪污渎职

jobbie /ˈdʒɒbi/ n. slang [俚语]  = JOB1n. 5 

jobbing /ˈdʒɒbiŋ/ adj.  working on separate or occasional jobs (esp. of a computer, gardener, or printer) (尤指在计算机、园艺、印刷工作中)做零工的；做散工的

jobcentre /ˈdʒɒbsentə/ n. (in the UK) any of several government offices displaying information about available jobs (英国) (政府的)职业介绍所；就业服务中心

job-control language n. Computing  a language enabling the user to determine the tasks to be undertaken by the operating system 【计算】作业控制语言

job-hunt v. intr. colloq.  seek employment [口]求职，找工作

jobless /ˈdʒɒblis/ adj.  without a job; unemployed 无职业的；失业的 □ joblessness  n.  

job lot n.  a miscellaneous group of articles, esp. sold or bought together (尤指买或卖的)成批杂货

Job's comforter /dʒəʊbz/ n.  a person who under the guise of comforting aggravates distress 使人更难过的安慰者；增加对方痛苦的安慰者 [the patriarch Job in the Old Testament (Job 16:2)]

job-sharing n.  an arrangement by which a full-time job is done jointly by two or more part-time employees who share the remuneration etc. 工作分摊；轮岗制(一份全职工作由两人或两人以上分担与酬劳分享的制度) □ job-share  n. & v. intr.  

jobsheet /ˈdʒɒbʃi:t/ n.  a sheet for recording details of jobs done 工作记录单；作业卡

Job's tears /dʒəʊbz/ n. pl.  the seeds of a grass, Coix lacryma-jobi, used as beads 薏苡(可用作装饰性的念珠) [the patriarch Job in the Old Testament]

jobsworth /ˈdʒɒbzwɜ:θ/ n. Brit. colloq.  an official who upholds petty rules [英口]无所作为的官员，只抓小事的官僚 [contraction of ‘it's more than my job's worth (not) to’]

jobwork /ˈdʒɒbwɜ:k/ n.  work done and paid for by the job 包工，散工

Jocelyn /ˈdʒɒslin/   乔斯林 [人名]

Jock /dʒɒk/ n. colloq. often offens.  a Scotsman [口] [常冒犯]苏格兰佬，乔克(苏格兰男子的绰号) [Scots form of the name Jack (see JACK1)]

jock1 /dʒɒk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a jockey 职业赛马骑士 2  a disc jockey 迪斯科音乐节目主持人(播音员) [abbreviation]

jock2 /dʒɔk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  = JOCKSTRAP  2  a well-built rugged man 壮实的汉子 [abbreviation]

jockey /ˈdʒɒki/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  a rider in horse races, esp. a professional one (尤指职业)骑师 ●v. (-eys, -eyed)  1 tr.  a  trick or cheat (a person) 耍手段，欺骗(某人)b  outwit 哄骗 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, out, in, etc.)  draw (a person) by trickery 耍花招吸引(某人) 3 intr.  cheat 欺骗 □ jockey for position   try to gain an advantageous position esp. by skilful manoeuvring or unfair action (利用策略或不正当行动)谋求有利的地位□ jockeydom  n.  □ jockeyship  n.   [diminutive of JOCK]

jockey cap n.  a strengthened cap with a long peak, as worn by jockeys (骑师等戴的加固型)长鸭舌帽

jockstrap /ˈdʒɒkstræp/ n.  1  a support or protection for the male genitals, worn esp. by sportsmen (尤指男运动员用的)下体松紧护身 2 N. Amer. colloq.  an athletic person, esp. a student participant in sport [北美口]运动员(尤指学生运动员) [slang jock ‘genitals’ + STRAP]

jocose /dʒəˈkəʊs/ adj.  1  playful in style 滑稽的；嬉戏的 2  fond of joking, jocular 爱开玩笑的，诙谐的 □ jocosely  adv.  □ jocoseness  n.  □ jocosity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin jocosus from jocus ‘jest’]

jocular /ˈdʒɒkjʊlə/ adj.  1  merry; fond of joking 愉快的，爱开玩笑的 2  of the nature of a joke; humorous 滑稽的；幽默的 □ jocularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ jocularly  adv.   [Latin jocularis from joculus, diminutive of jocus ‘jest’]

jocund /ˈdʒɒk(ə)nd, ˈdʒəʊk-/ adj. literary  merry, cheerful, sprightly [文学用语]愉快的，欢乐的，轻快的 □ jocundity  /dʒɒˈkʌnditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ jocundly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin jocundus, jucundus, from juvare ‘delight’]

jodhpurs /ˈdʒɒdpəz/ n. pl.  long breeches for riding etc., close-fitting from the knee to the ankle (骑马等穿的)马裤 [Jodhpur, a city in India]

Jody /ˈdʒəudi/   乔迪 [人名]

Joe /dʒəu/   乔 [人名]

Joe Bloggs /dʒəʊ ˈblɒɡz/ n. Brit. colloq.  a hypothetical average man [英口] (假想的)普通人，常人

Joe Blow /dʒəʊ ˈbləʊ/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = JOE BLOGGS 

Joe Public /dʒəʊ ˈpʌblik/ n. colloq. [口]  1 (a member of) an audience (一名)观众 2 (a member of) the general public (一名)群众，老百姓，普通人

joey /ˈdʒəʊi/ n. (pl. -eys) Austral. [澳]  1  a young kangaroo 幼袋鼠 2  a young animal 幼兽 [Aboriginal joè]

jog /dʒɒɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (jogged, jogging)  1 intr.  run at a slow pace, esp. as physical exercise 慢跑(尤指作为健身运动) 2 intr. (of a horse) move at a jogtrot (马)缓步前进 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, along)  a  proceed laboriously; trudge 吃力地向前移动；费力地走b Brit.  go on one's way [英]慢吞吞地走，拖着脚步行走c Brit.  proceed; get through the time [英] (平稳而单调地)进行；度过时间  we must jog on somehow  我们好歹总得设法熬下去 4 intr.  move up and down with an unsteady motion 颠簸 5 tr.  nudge (a person), esp. to arouse attention 触碰(某人) (尤为唤起注意) 6 tr.  shake with a push or jerk 轻推；轻摇 7 tr.  stimulate (a person's or one's own memory) 唤起(某人或自己的记忆) ●n.  1  a shake, push, or nudge 轻摇；轻推；轻撞 2  a slow walk or trot 缓行；慢而有规律的走 [Middle English: apparently imitative: cf. GOGGLE]

jogger /ˈdʒɒɡə/ n.  a person who jogs, esp. one who runs for physical exercise 慢跑者(尤指健身锻炼者)

joggle1 /ˈdʒɒɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  shake or move by or as if by repeated jerks 颠摇 ●n.  1  a slight shake 轻摇 2  the act or action of joggling 轻轻颠摇 [frequentative of JOG]

joggle2 /ˈdʒɒɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a joint of two pieces of stone or timber, contrived to prevent their sliding on one another 接榫 2  a notch in one of the two pieces, a projection in the other, or a small piece let in between the two, for this purpose 啮合扣 ●v. tr.  join with a joggle 榫接；啮合 [perhaps from jog = JAG1]

jogtrot /ˈdʒɒɡtrɒt/ n.  1  a slow regular trot 缓行，慢步 2  a monotonous progression 单调的进程；例行常规

Johannesburg /dʒəuˈhænisbɜ:g/ n.  约翰内斯堡 [南非城市]

John /dʒɒn/   约翰 [人名]

john /dʒɒn/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  a lavatory 厕所 2  a prostitute's client 嫖客 [the name John]

John Bull /dʒɒn ˈbʊl/ n.  a personification of England or the typical Englishman 约翰牛(英国或英国人的绰号，拟人化用语) [the name of a character representing the English nation in J. Arbuthnot's satire Law is a Bottomless Pit (1712)]

John Doe /dʒɒn ˈdəʊ/ n.  1 US Law  an anonymous party, usu. the plaintiff, in a legal action [美]【法律】约翰·多伊(诉讼程序中通常对不知姓名的原告的称呼) 2 N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = JOE BLOGGS 

John Dory /dʒɒn ˈdɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a European marine fish, Zeus faber, with a laterally flattened body and a black spot on each side 海鲂；眼状斑点海鲂

Johnny /ˈdʒɒni/   约翰尼 [人名]

johnny /ˈdʒɒni/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1 slang  a condom [俚语]避孕套，安全套 2 colloq.  a fellow; a man [口]家伙，男子 [familiar form of the name John]

johnny-come-lately n. colloq.  a recently arrived person [口]新来的人

Johnsonian /dʒɒnˈsəʊniən/ adj.  1  of or relating to Samuel Johnson, English man of letters and lexicographer (d. 1784) (英国文人、词典编纂家，死于 1784 年)约翰逊的；与约翰逊的作品有关的 2  typical of his style of writing (具有)约翰逊文体特点的

joie de vivre /ʒwɑ: də ˈvi:vrə, 法 ʒwad vivr/ n.  a feeling of healthy and exuberant enjoyment of life 对生活乐趣的尽情享受；生活的极大乐趣 [French, = joy of living]

join /dʒɔin/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, together)  put together; fasten, unite (one thing or person to another or several together) (某物、某人与他物、他人)连结，结合，联合 2 tr.  connect (points) by a line etc. (用线等)使(点)连结 3 tr.  become a member of (an association, society, organization, etc.) 成为(协会、团体、组织等)的一员；参加 4 tr.  take one's place with or in (a company, group, procession, etc.) 加入(公司、团体、行列等)；在(公司、团体、行列等)中占一位置 5 tr.  a  come into the company of (a person) 与(某人)在一起b (foll. by 后跟 in)  take part with (others) in an activity etc. (在活动等中)与(某人)一起参加  joined me in condemnation of the outrage  和我一起谴责暴行c (foll. by 后跟 for)  share the company of for a specified occasion (在特定场合)与…一起做同样的事；和…作伴  may I join you for lunch?  我可以和你一起吃午饭吗？ 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, to)  come together; be united 结合，联合 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take part with others in an activity etc. 一起参加(活动等) 8 tr.  be or become connected or continuous with 与…会合；与…交接；与…合流  the Inn joins the Danube at Passau  因河在帕绍与多瑙河汇流 ●n.  a point, line, or surface at which two or more things are joined 接合点；接合线；连接处 □ join battle   begin fighting 开始交战□ join forces   combine efforts 合作，联合□ join hands   1  a  clasp each other's hands (相互)携手b  clasp one's hands together 紧握双手；十指交叉紧握 2  combine in an action or enterprise 合伙；联合□ join in  (also absol. [亦含宾])  take part in (an activity) 参加(活动)□ join up   1  enlist for military service 参军，从军 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  unite, connect 联合，结合□ joinable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French joindre (stem joign-) from Latin jungere junct- ‘join’]

joinder /ˈdʒɔində/ n. Law  the act of bringing together 【法律】合并诉讼，合并 [Anglo-French from Old French joindre ‘to join’]

joiner /ˈdʒɔinə/ n.  1  a person who makes furniture and light woodwork 木匠；细木工 2 colloq.  a person who readily joins societies etc. [口]爱参加各种社团组织(活动等)的人 □ joinery  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English from Anglo-French joignour, Old French joigneor (as JOIN)]

joint /dʒɔint/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a place at which two things are joined together 连接处b  a point at which, or a contrivance by which, two parts of an artificial structure are joined 接点；连接装置 2  a structure in an animal body by which two bones are fitted together 关节，节 3  a  any of the parts into which an animal carcass is divided for food 大块肉b  any of the parts of which a body is made up 部位 4 slang  a place of meeting for drinking etc. [俚语] (喝酒等的)下等酒吧；公众娱乐场所 5 slang  a marijuana cigarette [俚语]大麻卷烟 6  the part of a stem from which a leaf or branch grows (植物的)节 7  a piece of flexible material forming the hinge of a book cover 书脊封面连接处，书脊槽 8 Geol.  a fissure in a mass of rock 【地质】节理 ●adj.  1  held or done by, or belonging to, two or more persons etc. in conjunction 结合的；联合的；共有的  a joint mortgage  共同抵押 joint action  联合行动 2  sharing with another in some action, state, etc. 与他人合作的；共享的，共同参与的  joint author  合著者 joint favourite  共同的爱好 ●v. tr.  1  connect by joints 接合，连接 2  divide (a body or member) at a joint or into joints (把躯体在关节处)切开，分解(器官)；把…切成带骨的大块肉 3  fill up the joints of (masonry etc.) with mortar etc.; trim the surface of (a mortar joint) (用砂浆等)涂(水泥砖石结构)的接缝；抹平(泥浆接缝) 4  prepare (a board etc.) for being joined to another by planing its edge (拼接前)刨平(木板等) □ out of joint   1 (of a bone) dislocated (骨)脱节的，脱臼的，脱位的 2  out of order 混乱的，令人不满的□ jointless  adj.  □ jointly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, past part. of joindre JOIN]

joint account n.  a bank account held by more than one person, each of whom has the right to deposit and withdraw funds (多人)联合存款账户

joint and several adj. (of an obligation etc.) undertaken and signed by two or more people, of whom each is liable for the whole obligation etc. (责任等)各自连带的；共同(或个别)的

jointer /ˈdʒɔintə/ n.  1  a  a plane for jointing (木工等用的)接缝刨b  a tool for jointing or pointing masonry (泥瓦工用的)涂缝镘(或泥板) 2  a worker employed in jointing wires, pipes, etc. (电缆、管子等的)拼接工；电缆焊接工；管子工

jointress /ˈdʒɔintris/ n.  a widow who holds a jointure 享有寡妇授予产的女人 [obsolete jointer ‘joint possessor’]

joint stock n.  capital held jointly; a common fund 合资，合股

joint-stock company n.  a company formed on the basis of a joint stock 股份公司

jointure /ˈdʒɔintʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  an estate settled on a wife for the period during which she survives her husband 寡妇授予产(结婚时丈夫指定于其死后给予妻子的财产) ●v. tr.  provide (a wife) with a jointure 给(妻子)寡妇授予产 [Middle English via Old French from Latin junctura (as JOIN)]

joist /dʒɔist/ n.  each of a series of parallel supporting beams of timber, steel, etc., used in floors, ceilings, etc. (木料、钢材等的)搁栅；托梁；桁(用于地板、天花板等) □ joisted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French giste, ultimately from Latin jacēre ‘lie’]

jojoba /həˈhəʊbə, həʊ-/ n.  a plant, Simmondsia chinensis, with seeds yielding an oily extract used in cosmetics etc. 加州希蒙得木(其木籽油可用于化妆品等) [Mexican Spanish]

joke /dʒəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thing said or done to excite laughter 笑话；有趣可笑(之处)b  a witticism or jest 俏皮话；笑柄，笑料 2  a ridiculous thing, person, or circumstance 荒唐可笑的事情(人或局面) ●v.  1 intr.  make jokes 说笑话，开玩笑 2 tr.  poke fun at; banter 跟…开玩笑；嘲弄 □ no joke  colloq.  a serious matter [口]正经事，不是闹着玩的事□ jokingly  adv.  □ joky  adj. (also 亦作 jokey)  □ jokily  adv.  □ jokiness  n.   [17th c. (joque), originally slang: perhaps from Latin jocus ‘jest’]

joker /ˈdʒəʊkə/ n.  1  a person who jokes 爱开玩笑的人，逗趣的人 2 slang  a fellow; a man [俚语]家伙；老兄；人 3  a playing card usu. with a figure of a jester, used in some games esp. as a wild card (尤指某些纸牌戏中的)百搭牌(通常画有小丑图案) 4 US  a clause unobtrusively inserted in a bill or document and affecting its operation in a way not immediately apparent [美] (影响法案、协议等实施而在条文中悄悄写入的)伏笔，曲笔 5  an unexpected factor or resource 没有预见到的困难，隐患 □ the joker in the pack   an unpredictable factor or participant 不可预料的因素；难以捉摸的人

jolie laide /ʒɒli: ˈleid, 法 ʒɔli lɛd/ n. (pl. jolies laides pronunc. same 单复发音同) Brit. [英]  = BELLE LAIDE  [French, from jolie ‘pretty’ + laide ‘ugly’]

jollify /ˈdʒɒlifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or be merry, esp. in drinking 使欢乐；作乐；欢宴(尤在喝酒中) □ jollification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

jollity /ˈdʒɒliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  merrymaking; festiveness 欢乐，喜庆 2 (in pl. 用复数)  festivities 欢聚，狂欢 [Middle English from Old French joliveté (as JOLLY1)]

jolly1 /ˈdʒɒli/ adj., adv., v. & n. ●adj. (jollier, jolliest)  1  cheerful and good-humoured; merry 快乐的，兴高采烈的；快活的 2  festive, jovial 喜庆的，愉快的 3  slightly drunk 微醉的 4 colloq. (of a person or thing) very pleasant, delightful [口] (人或事)令人愉快的，惬意的 often 常作 iron.: a jolly shame  令人捧腹的耻辱 ●adv. colloq.  very [口]非常  they were jolly unlucky  他们非常不幸 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along) colloq.  coax or humour (a person) in a friendly way [口] (以友好的方式)哄着(某人), 使(某人)高兴 2  chaff, banter 开…的玩笑，取笑，对…打趣 ●n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a party or celebration [英口]作乐，欢庆 □ jollily  adv.  □ jolliness  n.   [Middle English from Old French jolif ‘gay, pretty’, perhaps from Old Norse jól YULE]

jolly2 /ˈdʒɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 jolly boat)  a clinker-built ship's boat smaller than a cutter (鱼鳞式外壳的)大船携带的小艇 [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to YAWL]

Jolly Roger n.  a pirates' black flag, usu. with the skull and crossbones 海盗船的黑旗，骷髅旗(通常画有头颅及两根交叉的股骨)

jolt /dʒəʊlt, dʒɒlt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  disturb or shake from the normal position (esp. in a moving vehicle) with a jerk 使震动，使摇动(尤指在移动的车辆里) 2 tr.  give a mental shock to; perturb 使震惊；使慌乱不安 3 intr. (of a vehicle) move along with jerks, as on a rough road (车辆)震动，摇动；颠簸 ●n.  1  such a jerk 震动，摇动；颠簸 2  a surprise or shock 震惊；惊愕 □ jolty  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

Jon /dʒɒn/   乔恩 [人名]

Jon. abbr. [缩略]  1  Jonah (Old Testament)  2  Jonathan 约拿单(《圣经》故事中的人物，大卫之友)

Jonah /ˈdʒəʊnə/ n.  a person who seems to bring bad luck 带来厄运的人；不祥之人 [Jonah in the Old Testament]

Jonathan /ˈdʒɒnəθən/   乔纳森 [人名]

jongleur /dʒɒ˜ˈɡlɜ:, 法 ʒɔ˜ɡlœr/ n. hist.  an itinerant minstrel [史义] (中世纪)吟游诗人 [French, variant of jougleur JUGGLER]

jonquil /ˈdʒʌŋkwil, ˈdʒɒn-/ n.  a bulbous plant, Narcissus jonquilla, with clusters of small fragrant yellow flowers 长寿花(开成串小黄色香花) [modern Latin jonquilla or French jonquille from Spanish junquillo, diminutive of junco: see JUNCO]

Jordan   约旦

Jordanian /dʒɔ:ˈdeiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the kingdom of Jordan in the Middle East 约旦的；与约旦有关的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Jordan 约旦人；约旦国民 2  a person of Jordanian descent 约旦人的后裔 [Jordan, a river flowing into the Dead Sea]

jorum /ˈdʒɔ:rəm/ n.  1  a large drinking bowl 大(酒)杯 2  its contents, esp. punch 一满杯(尤指潘趣酒) [perhaps from Joram (2 Sam. 8:10)]

Jos. abbr. [缩略]  Joseph 

Joseph /ˈdʒəuzif/   约瑟夫 [人名]

Josephine /ˈdʒəuzifi:n/   约瑟芬 [人名]

Josh. abbr.  Joshua (Old Testament) [缩略] 《约书亚记》(《圣经·旧约》)

josh /dʒɒʃ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a good-natured or teasing joke (善意的)玩笑，逗趣 ●v.  1 tr.  tease or banter 戏弄，开…的玩笑 2 intr.  indulge in ridicule 开玩笑，逗乐 □ josher  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

Joshua tree /ˈdʒɒʃjʊə/ n.  a yucca, Yucca brevifolia, of arid parts of western N. America (生长在北美西部的)短叶丝兰 [apparently from Joshua, ancient Israelite leader, the plant being likened to a man brandishing a spear (Joshua 8:18)]

Josie /ˈdʒəusi/   乔西 [人名]

joss /dʒɒs/ n.  a Chinese idol (中国的)佛像，神像，偶像 [perhaps ultimately via Portuguese deos from Latin deus ‘god’]

josser /ˈdʒɒsə/ n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. [英]  a  a fool 笨蛋b  a fellow 家伙 2 Austral.  a clergyman [澳]牧师，教士 [JOSS + -ER1]

joss stick n.  a stick of fragrant tinder mixed with clay, burnt as incense 线香

jostle /ˈdʒɒs(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  push against; elbow 挤；用肘拱 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, from, etc.)  push (a person) abruptly or roughly 推，挤(某人) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  knock or push, esp. in a crowd (尤指在人群中)推推搡搡地前进 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  struggle; have a rough exchange 竞争，争夺 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of jostling 挤，推 2  a collision 碰撞，冲突 [Middle English, earlier justle, from JOUST + -LE4]

jot /dʒɒt/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (jotted, jotting) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  write briefly or hastily 略记；匆匆记下 ●n. (usu. with neg. expressed or implied 通常与表达或暗示的否定词连用)  a very small amount 一点儿，很少量  not one jot  没有一点儿 [earlier as noun: Latin from Greek iōta: see IOTA]

jotter /ˈdʒɒtə/ n. Brit.  a small pad or notebook for making notes etc. [英] (记事等的)便笺簿，便条簿

jotting /ˈdʒɒtiŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a note; something jotted down 摘记，便条；匆匆记下的东西

joule /dʒu:l/ n.  the SI unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one metre in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to a watt-second (symbol 符 J) 焦耳(功或能的单位， 1 牛顿的力使其作用点在力的方向上移动 1 米所做的功，亦等于 1 瓦特秒) [named after J. P. Joule, English physicist d. 1889]

jounce /dʒaʊns/ v. tr. & intr.  bump, bounce, jolt (使)上下震荡 , (使)颠簸 [Middle English: origin unknown]

journal /ˈdʒɜ:n(ə)l/ n.  1  a newspaper or periodical 日报；杂志，期刊 2  a daily record of events 日志，日记 3 Naut.  a logbook 【海】航海日志 4  a book in which business transactions are entered, with a statement of the accounts to which each is to be debited and credited (会计的)日记账，分录簿 5  the part of a shaft or axle that rests on bearings 轴颈 6 (the Journals) Parl.  a record of daily proceedings [议]议会议事录 [Middle English via Old French jurnal from Late Latin diurnalis DIURNAL]

journalese /dʒɜ:nəˈli:z/ n.  a hackneyed style of language characteristic of some newspaper writing (多陈词套语的)新闻文体

journalism /ˈdʒɜ:n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the business or practice of writing and producing newspapers 新闻业；新闻写作；新闻工作

journalist /ˈdʒɜ:n(ə)list/ n.  a person employed to write for, edit, or report for, a newspaper, journal, or newscast 新闻工作者，报刊编辑，新闻记者 □ journalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ journalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

journalize /ˈdʒɜ:n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  record in a private journal 把…记入日志(或日记账)

journey /ˈdʒɜ:ni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  an act of going from one place to another, esp. at a long distance (尤指长途的)旅行，行程 2  the distance travelled in a specified time (在规定时间内行驶的)路程  a day's journey  一天的路程 3  the travelling of a vehicle along a route at a stated time (车辆在规定时间内的)行程 ●v. intr. (-eys, -eyed)  make a journey 旅行 □ journeyer  n.   [Middle English from Old French jornee ‘day, day's work or travel’, ultimately from Latin diurnus ‘daily’]

journeyman /ˈdʒɜ:nimən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a qualified mechanic or artisan who works for another 技工；满师工匠 2 derog. [贬]  a  a reliable but not outstanding worker 可靠但不出色的工人b  a mere hireling 雇佣工 [JOURNEY in obsolete sense ‘day's work’ + MAN]

journo /ˈdʒɜ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. Austral. slang  a journalist [尤澳] [俚语]报人，记者

joust /dʒaʊst/ n. & v. hist. [史义] ●n.  a combat between two knights on horseback with lances, esp. for sport (骑士)马背长矛打斗(尤指为了运动) ●v. intr.  engage in a joust 骑马用长矛比武(打斗) □ jouster  n.   [Middle English from Old French juster ‘bring together’, ultimately from Latin juxta ‘near’]

Jove /ˈdʒəʊv/ n. (in Roman mythology) Jupiter, chief of the gods (罗马神话中的)朱庇特 □ by Jove!   an exclamation of surprise or approval (表示惊讶、赞同)啊！哎呀！  [Middle English from Latin Jovis, genitive of Old Latin Jovis, used as genitive of JUPITER]

jovial /ˈdʒəʊviəl, -vj(ə)l/ adj.  1  merry 愉快的 2  convivial 欢宴的，欢乐的 3  hearty and good-humoured 和蔼而快乐的 □ joviality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ jovially  adv.   [French from Late Latin jovialis ‘of Jupiter’ (as JOVE), with reference to the supposed influence of the planet Jupiter on those born under it]

Jovian /ˈdʒəʊviən/ adj.  1 (in Roman mythology) of or like Jupiter, chief of the gods (罗马神话中的)朱庇特的，像朱庇特的；主神的 2  of the planet Jupiter 木星的

jowar /dʒaʊˈɑ:/ n.  = DURRA  [Hindi jawɑˉr]

jowl1 /dʒaʊl/ n.  1  the jaw or jawbone 颌；颌骨 2  the cheek 面颊  cheek by jowl  紧靠着，非常亲密 □ -jowled  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English ceafl]

jowl2 /dʒaʊl/ n.  1  the external loose skin on the throat or neck when prominent 下颌垂肉，双下巴 2  the dewlap of an ox, wattle of a bird, etc. (牛的)颈垂肉；(禽鸟等的)肉垂 □ jowly  adj.   [Old English ceole]

joy /dʒɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  a vivid emotion of pleasure; extreme gladness 欢欣，快乐；喜悦 2  a thing that causes joy 令人愉快的事；乐事 3 Brit. colloq.  satisfaction, success [英口]满意；成功  got no joy  不成功 ●v. esp. poet. [尤诗]  1 intr.  rejoice 欣喜 2 tr.  gladden 使欢欣 □ wish a person joy of  Brit. iron.  be gladly rid of (what that person has to deal with) [英] [讽] (摆脱累赘)庆幸某人解脱□ joyless  adj.  □ joylessly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French joie, ultimately via Latin gaudium from gaudēre ‘rejoice’]

Joyce /dʒɒis/   乔伊斯 [人名]

Joycean /ˈdʒɔisiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or characteristic of James Joyce, Irish poet and novelist (d. 1941) or his writings (爱尔兰诗人和小说家， 1941 年逝世)乔伊斯的；乔伊斯风格的；乔伊斯作品的 ●n.  a specialist in or admirer of Joyce's works 乔伊斯作品研究者(或专家)；乔伊斯作品的崇拜者

joyful /ˈdʒɔifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  full of, showing, or causing joy 充满欢乐的；显示快乐的；令人高兴的 □ joyfully  adv.  □ joyfulness  n.  

joyous /ˈdʒɔiəs/ adj. (of an occasion, circumstance, etc.) characterized by pleasure or joy; joyful (场合、环境等) (充满)欢乐的；令人高兴的；快乐的 □ joyously  adv.  □ joyousness  n.  

joyride /ˈdʒɔiraid/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a ride for pleasure, esp. one in a stolen motor car (尤指乘坐偷来的汽车)开车兜风 ●v. intr. (past -rode /-rəʊd/; past part. -ridden /-rid(ə)n/)  go for a joyride 开车兜风 □ joyrider  n.  

joystick /ˈdʒɔistik/ n.  1 colloq.  the control column of an aircraft [口] (飞机的)操纵杆，驾驶杆 2  a lever that can be moved in several directions to control the movement of an image on a VDU screen (指控制游戏机视频显示器上图像活动的)操纵杆，控制杆

JP abbr. (in the UK) Justice of the Peace [缩略] (英国)治安法官

Jr. abbr. [缩略]  Junior 

jt. abbr. [缩略]  joint 

jube /dʒu:b/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = JUJUBE 2  [abbreviation]

jubilant /ˈdʒu:bil(ə)nt/ adj.  exultant, rejoicing, joyful 欢欣的，欢腾的，欢乐的 □ jubilance  n.  □ jubilantly  adv.   [Latin jubilare jubilant- ‘shout for joy’]

jubilate v. & n. ●v. intr. /ˈdʒu:bileit/  exult; be joyful 欢呼；欢腾；欢庆 ●n. /dʒu:biˈlɑ:tei/ (作 Jubilate)  1  Psalm 100, beginning Jubilate deo ‘rejoice in God’, used as a canticle in the Anglican service of matins 《欢乐颂》(钦定版《圣经》诗篇第 100 篇) 2  a musical setting of this 欢乐歌；欢呼 □ jubilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin jubilare (as JUBILANT)]

jubilee /ˈdʒu:bili:/ n.  1  a time or season of rejoicing 欢庆；喜庆时节 2  an anniversary of an event, esp. the 25th or 50th (尤指 25 周年、 50 周年的)周年纪念 3 Jewish Hist.  a year of emancipation and restoration, kept every 50 years [犹太]【史】 50 年节，禧年(犹太教每 50 年举行一次庆祝解放和复兴的节日) 4 RC Ch.  a period of remission from the penal consequences of sin, granted under certain conditions for a year usu. at intervals of 25 years 【天主教】大赦年(通常每 25 年轮到一次) 5  exultant joy 狂欢，喜庆 [Middle English via Old French jubilé from Late Latin jubilaeus (annus) ‘(year) of jubilee’, ultimately from Hebrew yōbēl, originally = ram, ram's-horn trumpet, with which the jubilee year was proclaimed]

Jubilee clip n. propr.  an adjustable steel band secured with a screw [商标]可调节的钢夹

Jud. abbr.  Judith (Apocrypha) [缩略] 《犹滴传》(《次经》中的一卷)

Judaeo- /dʒu:ˈdi:əʊ/ comb. form (US [美] Judeo-)  Jewish; Jewish and [构词成分]犹太教的；犹太人的；犹太(的)和…的 [Latin judaeus ‘Jewish’]

Judaic /dʒu:ˈdeiik/ adj.  of or characteristic of the Jews or Judaism 犹太人的；犹太教的；犹太人特征的；犹太教特征的 [Latin Judaicus from Greek Ioudaïkos, from Ioudaios JEW]

Judaism /ˈdʒu:deiiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the religion of the Jews, with a belief in one God and a basis in Mosaic and rabbinical teachings 犹太教 2  the Jews collectively (总称)犹太人，犹太民族 □ Judaist  n.   [Middle English via Late Latin Judaismus from Greek Ioudaïsmos (as JUDAIC)]

Judaize /ˈdʒu:deiaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  follow Jewish customs or rites 遵奉犹太习俗礼仪；犹太化 2 tr.  a  make Jewish 使犹太化b  convert to Judaism 使皈依犹太教 □ Judaization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin judaizare from Greek ioudaïzō (as JUDAIC)]

Judas /ˈdʒu:dəs/ n.  1  a person who betrays a friend 出卖朋友的人，叛徒 2 (作 judas)  a peephole in a door (门上的)窥视孔；窥视窗 [Judas Iscariot who betrayed Christ (Luke 22)]

Judas tree n.  a Mediterranean tree, Cercis siliquastrum, with purple flowers usu. appearing before the leaves (南欧)紫荆(通常长叶前开紫花)

judder /ˈdʒʌdə/ v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. intr.  1 (esp. of a mechanism) vibrate noisily or violently (尤指机械装置)剧烈振动，震颤 2 (of a singer's voice) oscillate in intensity (歌声)颤动 ●n.  an instance of juddering 震颤声，颤音；震摇，颤动 [imitative: cf. SHUDDER]

Judeo- US var.  of JUDAEO- [美] JUDAEO- 的变体

Judg. abbr.  Judges (Old Testament) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《士师记》

judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a public officer appointed to hear and try causes in a court of justice 法官，审判员 2  a person appointed to decide in a competition, contest, or dispute (竞赛、比赛等的)裁判员；(争端的)仲裁人 3  a  a person who decides a question 评判员b  a person regarded in terms of capacity to decide on the merits of a thing or question 鉴定人，鉴赏家  am no judge of that  对此不懂行 a good judge of art  鉴赏艺术的行家 4 Jewish Hist.  a leader having temporary authority in ancient Israel in the period between Joshua and the kings [犹太]【史】士师(古以色列诸王以前的统治者) 5 (Judges)  a book of the Old Testament containing the history of the period of the judges 《士师记》(基督教《圣经·旧约》中的一卷) ●v.  1 tr.  a  try (a cause) in a court of justice 审理；审判(案件)b  pronounce sentence on (a person) (对某人)判决 2 tr.  form an opinion about; estimate, appraise 断定；估计；估价 3 tr.  act as a judge of (a dispute or contest) 裁决(争端)；裁判(比赛) 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  conclude, consider, or suppose 推断；认为；想 5 intr.  a  form a judgement 作判断；评价b  act as judge 进行审理；审判 □ judgeship  n.   [Middle English via Old French juge (n.), juger (v.) from Latin judex judicis, from jus ‘law’ + -dicus ‘speaking’]

Judge Advocate General n.  an officer in supreme control of the courts martial in the armed forces 军法署署长

judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 judgment)  1  the critical faculty; discernment 审判；裁判，判断  an error of judgement  判断失误 2  good sense 见识；眼力 3  an opinion or estimate 评价，看法  in my judgement  依我看 4  the sentence of a court of justice; a decision by a judge 宣判；判定 5 often joc.  a misfortune viewed as a deserved recompense [常诙]天罚，报应  it is a judgement on you for getting up late  这是对你睡懒觉的报应 6  criticism 指责 □ against one's better judgement   contrary to what one really feels to be advisable 与某人的良知相悖；违心地 [Middle English from Old French jugement (as JUDGE)]

judgemental /dʒʌdʒˈment(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 judgmental)  1  of or concerning or by way of judgement 判断的；与判断有关的；经过判断的 2  condemning, critical 判决的；批评(性)的；批判(性)的 □ judgementally  adv.  

judgement by default n.  judgement given for the plaintiff on the defendant's failure to plead 缺席判决

Judgement Day n.  the day on which the Last Judgement is believed to take place 最后审判日；世界末日

judgement-seat n.  a judge's seat; a tribunal 法官席，审判员席；法庭

judge's marshal  see 见 MARSHAL n. 4 

Judges' Rules n. pl. Brit.  rules regarding the admissibility of an accused's statements as evidence [英]法官规程(录取被告供词的规定)

judicature /ˈdʒu:dikətʃə, dʒʊˈdik-/ n.  1  the administration of justice 司法 2  a judge's office or term of office 法官的职位(或任期) 3  judges collectively (总称)法官 4  a court of justice 法庭 [medieval Latin judicatura from Latin judicare ‘to judge’]

judicial /dʒʊˈdiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, done by, or proper to a court of law 法院的；法院规定的；适合于法院的 2  having the function of judgement 审判的  a judicial assembly  审判大会 3  of or proper to a judge 法官的；合乎法官身份的 4  expressing a judgement; critical 评判的，判断的；批评(性)的 5  impartial 公正的，无偏见的 6  regarded as a divine judgement 遭上天报应的，天罚的 □ judicially  adv.   [Middle English from Latin judicialis, via judicium ‘judgement’ from judex JUDGE]

judicial factor n. Sc.  an official receiver [苏格兰] (法律在破产案等中的)法院指定的财产管理人

judicial separation  see 见 SEPARATION 2 

judiciary /dʒʊˈdiʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the judges of a state collectively (总称)法官 [Latin judiciarius (as JUDICIAL)]

judicious /dʒʊˈdiʃəs/ adj.  1  sensible, prudent 明断的；审慎的 2  sound in discernment and judgement 有见地的，有见识的 □ judiciously  adv.  □ judiciousness  n.   [French judicieux from Latin judicium (as JUDICIAL)]

Judith /ˈdʒu:diθ/   朱迪思 [人名]

judo /ˈdʒu:dəʊ/ n.  a sport of unarmed combat derived from ju-jitsu 柔道，日本柔术 □ judoist  n.   [Japanese, from jū ‘gentle’ + dō ‘way’]

judoka /ˈdʒu:dəʊkə/ n.  a person who practises or is an expert in judo 柔道家，柔道师；柔道运动员 [Japanese, from JUDO + -ka ‘person, profession’]

Judy /ˈdʒu:di/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  see 见 PUNCH4 1  2 (also 亦作 judy) Brit. slang  a woman [英] [俚语]女人 [pet form of the name Judith]

jug /dʒʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a deep vessel for holding liquids, with a handle and often with a spout or lip shaped for pouring (有柄有嘴的)罐b  the contents of this; a jugful 一罐的容量；一壶的容量 2 US  a large vessel, esp. for liquids, with a narrow mouth [美] (尤指狭嘴盛液体的)大壶 3 slang  prison [俚语]监狱，牢房 4 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer. coarse slang  a woman's breasts [北美] [粗俗俚语] (女子的)乳房 ●v. tr. (jugged, jugging)  1 (usu. as 通常作 jugged adj.)  stew or boil (a hare or rabbit) in a covered vessel (用有盖子的罐)(或壶)炖，煨，煮(兔肉等) 2 slang  imprison [俚语]把…关进监狱 □ jugful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [perhaps from Jug, pet form of the name Joan etc.]

Jugendstil /ˈju:ɡənt-ʃti:l/ n.  the German name for ART NOUVEAU 新艺术(德语) [German, from Jugend ‘youth’ + Stil ‘style’]

juggernaut /ˈdʒʌɡənɔ:t/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a large heavy motor vehicle, esp. an articulated lorry [尤英]重型机动车(尤指重型铰接卡车) 2  a huge or overwhelming force or object 强大的破坏力；有毁灭力量的物体 3 (Juggernaut)  an institution or notion to which persons blindly sacrifice themselves or others (诱人盲目牺牲的)偶像崇拜 [Hindi Jagannath from Sanskrit Jagannɑˉtha = lord of the world: name of an image of Krishna in Hindu mythology, carried in procession on a huge cart under which devotees are said to have formerly thrown themselves]

juggins /ˈdʒʌɡinz/ n. Brit. slang  a simpleton [英] [俚语]笨蛋，傻瓜 [perhaps from proper name Juggins (as JUG): cf. MUGGINS]

juggle /ˈdʒʌɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  perform feats of dexterity, esp. by tossing objects in the air and catching them, keeping several in the air at the same time (尤指连续抛接多个物体的)玩杂耍；变戏法b tr.  perform such feats with 耍，用…玩杂耍 2 tr.  continue to deal with (several activities) at once, esp. with ingenuity 尽力对付(几项活动) 3 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  deceive or cheat 欺骗；欺瞒b  misrepresent (facts) 歪曲(事实)c  rearrange adroitly 巧妙应付；巧妙地重新安排 ●n.  1  a piece of juggling 手技杂耍；变戏法 2  a fraud 花招；骗局 [Middle English, back-formation from JUGGLER, or via Old French jogler, jugler from Latin joculari ‘jest’ from joculus, diminutive of jocus ‘jest’]

juggler /ˈdʒʌɡlə/ n.  1  a  a person who juggles 玩手技杂耍的人；变戏法的人b  a conjuror 魔术师 2  a trickster or impostor 骗子，冒名顶替者 □ jugglery  n.   [Middle English via Old French jouglere -eor from Latin joculator -oris (as JUGGLE)]

Jugoslav var.  of YUGOSLAV  YUGOSLAV 的变体

jugular /ˈdʒʌɡjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the neck or throat 颈的；喉的 2 (of fish) having ventral fins in front of the pectoral fins (鱼)喉部(胸鳍前)有腹鳍的 ●n.  = JUGULAR VEIN  [Late Latin jugularis from Latin jugulum ‘collarbone, throat’, diminutive of jugum YOKE]

jugular vein n.  any of several large veins of the neck which carry blood from the head 颈静脉

jugulate /ˈdʒʌɡjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  kill by cutting the throat (割喉)杀死 2  arrest the course of (a disease etc.) by a powerful remedy (采取使用强效药)顿挫，抑止(疾病等) [Latin jugulare from jugulum (as JUGULAR)]

juice /dʒu:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the liquid part of vegetables or fruits (蔬菜、水果的)汁，液 2  the fluid part of an animal body or substance, esp. a secretion 体液(尤指分泌液)  gastric juice  胃液 3  the essence or spirit of anything 精；精髓；精力，劲儿 4 colloq.  petrol or electricity as a source of power [口]汽油；电 ●v. tr.  extract the juice from (a fruit etc.) 榨出(水果等)的汁液 □ juiceless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French jus from Latin jus ‘broth, juice’]

juicy /ˈdʒu:si/ adj. (juicier, juiciest)  1  full of juice; succulent 汁液丰富的；多汁的 2 colloq.  substantial or interesting; racy, scandalous [口]富裕的；生动有趣的；下流的，诽谤性的 3 colloq.  profitable [口]多利的；赚钱的 □ juicily  adv.  □ juiciness  n.  

ju-jitsu /dʒu:ˈdʒitsu:/ n. (also 亦作 jiu-jitsu, jujutsu)  a Japanese system of unarmed combat and physical training 柔术，柔道 [Japanese jūjutsu, from jū ‘gentle’ + jutsu ‘skill’]

ju-ju /ˈdʒu:dʒu:/ n.  1  a charm or fetish of some W. African peoples (西非土著的)护符；物神；符咒 2  a supernatural power attributed to this (归于护符或物神的)魔力 [perhaps from French joujou ‘toy’]

jujube /ˈdʒu:dʒu:b/ n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Zizyphus bearing edible acidic berry-like fruits 枣树；枣属植物b  this fruit 枣子 2  a lozenge of gelatin etc. flavoured with or imitating this (用凝胶体等制成的)枣味胶糖 [French jujube or medieval Latin jujuba, ultimately from Greek zizuphon]

jukebox /ˈdʒu:kbɒks/ n.  a machine that automatically plays a selected musical recording when a coin is inserted (丢进硬币按钮选听唱片的)自动唱机 [Gullah juke ‘disorderly’ + BOX1]

Jul. abbr. [缩略]  July 

julep /ˈdʒu:lep/ n.  1  a  a sweet drink, esp. as a vehicle for medicine 糖浆药水，甜药水(尤指服药用的甜饮料)b  a medicated drink as a mild stimulant etc. (提神等用)药草饮料 2 US  iced and flavoured spirits and water [美]冰镇酒水  mint julep  薄荷酒清凉饮料 [Middle English via Old French and Arabic julɑˉb from Persian gulɑˉb, from gul ‘rose’ + ɑˉb ‘water’]

Julia /ˈdʒu:ljə/   朱莉娅 [人名]

Julian /ˈdʒu:liən/ adj.  of or associated with Julius Caesar 尤利乌斯·恺撒的；与尤利乌斯·恺撒有关的 [Latin Julianus from Julius]

Julian calendar n.  a calendar introduced by Julius Caesar, in which the year consisted of 365 days, every fourth year having 366 (cf. 参见 GREGORIAN CALENDAR) 儒略历(尤利乌斯·恺撒开始采用的历法，每年有 365 天，每 4 年有一个闰年 366 天)

Julie /ˈdʒu:li/   朱莉 [人名]

julienne /dʒu:liˈen/ n. & adj. ●n.  foodstuff, esp. vegetables, cut into short thin strips 丝条食品(尤指蔬菜丝、蔬菜条) ●adj.  cut into thin strips 切成条的，切成丝的 [French, from the name Jules or Julien]

Juliet /ˈdʒu:ljət/   朱丽叶 [人名]

Juliet cap /ˈdʒu:liət/ n.  a small net ornamental cap worn by brides etc. 朱丽叶帽(新娘等戴的一种网状装饰性小帽) [the heroine of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet]

July /dʒʊˈlai/ n. (pl. Julys)  the seventh month of the year 七月 [Middle English via Anglo-French julie from Latin Julius (mensis ‘month’), named after Julius Caesar]

jumble /ˈdʒʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  confuse; mix up 使杂乱；使混乱 2 intr.  move about in disorder 纷乱而行；乱作一团 ●n.  1  a confused state or heap; a muddle 杂乱的一堆；混乱 2 Brit.  articles collected for a jumble sale [英]贱卖的旧杂货 □ jumbly  adj.   [probably imitative]

jumble sale n. Brit.  a sale of miscellaneous usu. second-hand articles, esp. for charity [英]旧杂货廉价拍卖(尤指义卖)

jumbo /ˈdʒʌmbəʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a large animal (esp. an elephant), person, or thing 庞然大物(尤指大象)；体大而笨拙的人(或物) 2 (in full 全称 jumbo jet)  a large airliner with capacity for several hundred passengers (usu. applied specifically to the Boeing 747) (能载几百名乘客的)巨型喷气式飞机(通常专指波音 747) ●adj.  1  very large of its kind 巨型的 2  extra large 特大(号)的  jumbo packet  特大号包装 [19th c. (originally of a person): origin unknown: popularized as the name of a zoo elephant sold in 1882]

jumbuck /ˈdʒʌmbʌk/ n. Austral. colloq.  a sheep [澳口]绵羊 [19th c. Australian pidgin: origin unknown]

jump /dʒʌmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move off the ground or other surface (usu. upward, at least initially) by sudden muscular effort in the legs (至少通常在开始时向上)跳，跃；跳跃 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, from, in, out, etc.)  move suddenly or hastily in a specified way 猛地移动；奔忙  we jumped into the car  我们跳上一辆汽车 3 intr.  give a sudden bodily movement from shock or excitement etc. (受惊或兴奋等后)猛地一跳，突然一跳 4 intr.  undergo a rapid change, esp. an advance in status 突然改变，飞跃(尤指晋升) 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  change or move rapidly from one idea or subject to another 突然转换；话锋突转 6  a intr.  rise or increase suddenly 突升；暴涨  prices jumped  物价上涨b tr.  cause to do this 使(价格)上涨 7 tr.  a  pass over (an obstacle, barrier, etc.) by jumping 跳过，跃过(障碍、屏障等)b  move or pass over (an intervening thing) to a point beyond 跳过，跃过(中间物) 8 tr.  skip or pass over (a passage in a book etc.) 略去，跳过(书等中的一段) 9 tr.  cause (a thing, or an animal, esp. a horse) to jump 使(物件或动物，尤指马)跳跃 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, at)  reach a conclusion hastily 仓促作出判断 11 tr. (of a train) leave (the rails) owing to a fault or error (火车)出(轨) 12 tr.  ignore and pass (a red traffic light etc.) 闯(红灯等) 13 tr.  get on or off (a train etc.) quickly, esp. illegally or dangerously (尤指非法或危险性地)跳上(或跳下)火车 14 tr.  pounce on or attack (a person) unexpectedly 突然袭击；猛扑(某人) 15 tr.  take summary possession of (a piece of land) after alleged abandonment or forfeiture by the former occupant 霸占(他人的土地) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of jumping 跳，跃 2  a  a sudden bodily movement caused by shock or excitement 突然的一跳；惊跳b (作 the jumps) colloq.  extreme nervousness or anxiety [口]心惊胆战；惊悸不安 3  an abrupt rise in amount, price, value, status, etc. (数量、价格、价值、地位等)急升；猛涨；激增 4  an obstacle to be jumped, esp. by a horse 需跳跃的障碍(尤指需要马跳过的障碍) 5  a  a sudden transition 突变；突然转换b  a gap in a series, logical sequence, etc. (在系列、逻辑顺序等方面)略去部分，跳过部分 □ get (or have) the jump on  colloq.  get (or have) an advantage over (a person) by prompt action [口]抢先行动占据优势；捷足先登□ jump at   accept eagerly 急切地接受，欣然应承□ jump bail   see 见 BAIL1 □ jump down a person's throat  colloq.  reprimand or contradict a person fiercely [口]怒斥，斥责□ jump the gun   see 见 GUN □ jump on  colloq.  attack or criticize severely and without warning [口]严厉地批评(或质问)□ jump out of one's skin  colloq.  be extremely startled [口]大吃一惊，非常吃惊□ jump the queue   1  push forward out of one's turn 未等轮到而抢先，加塞儿 2  take unfair precedence over others 不按次序而提前获得□ jump ship  (of a sailor) desert (船员)擅自离船弃职□ jump to it  Brit. colloq.  act promptly and energetically [英口]赶快干起来□ one jump ahead   one stage further on than a rival etc. 保持领先于(对手等的)地位□ on the jump  colloq.  on the move; in a hurry [口]东奔西跑；迅猛地，急忙地□ jumpable  adj.   [16th c.: probably imitative of the sound of feet coming to the ground]

jumped-up adj. Brit. colloq.  upstart; presumptuously arrogant [英口]暴发的；自大的

jumper1 /ˈdʒʌmpə/ n.  1 Brit.  a knitted pullover [英]针织套衫 2  a loose outer jacket of canvas etc. worn by sailors (水手穿的帆布等)短上衣 3 N. Amer.  a pinafore dress [北美]无袖连衣裙 [probably from (17th-c., now dialect) jump ‘short coat’, perhaps via French jupe from Arabic jubba]

jumper2 /ˈdʒʌmpə/ n.  1  a person or animal that jumps 跳跃者，跳跃的人(动物) 2 Electr.  a short wire used to shorten a circuit or close it temporarily 【电】跳线，跨接线 3  a rope made fast to keep a yard, mast, etc., from jumping (稳住横杆、帆桁等的)支索 4  a heavy chisel-ended iron bar for drilling blast-holes 冲击凿杆

jumper cable n. esp. US  a jump lead [尤美]跳线，跨接线

jumping bean /ˈdʒʌmpiŋ/ n.  the seed of a Mexican plant that jumps with the movement of a moth larva inside 跳豆(墨西哥大戟属树的种子，蛾的幼虫寄生其中，故能跳动)

jumping jack /ˈdʒʌmpiŋ/ n.  1 Brit.  a small firework producing repeated explosions [英]“窜天猴”(一种发出连续爆炸声的烟花) 2  a toy figure of a man, with movable limbs “蹦蹦跳”(肢体会动的玩具人)

jumping-off place n. (also 亦作 jumping-off point)  the place or point of starting 起点，出发点

jump jet n.  a jet aircraft that can take off and land vertically 垂直起降喷气机

jump lead n. Brit.  each of a pair of cables for conveying current from the battery of a motor vehicle to boost (or recharge) another [英] (从一辆汽车向另一辆汽车的蓄电池充电用的)跨接电缆线

jump-off n.  a deciding round in a showjumping competition (骑马越障比赛的)加赛决胜

jump rope n. N. Amer.  a skipping rope [北美]跳绳用绳；跳绳

jump seat n. US  a folding extra seat in a motor vehicle [美] (机动车里的)可折式座位，活动座位

jump-start v. & n. ●v. tr.  start (a motor vehicle) with jump leads 助力起动(车辆) ●n.  the action of jump-starting 助力起动法

jumpsuit /ˈdʒʌmpsu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a one-piece garment for the whole body, of a kind originally worn by paratroopers 连衫裤

jumpy /ˈdʒʌmpi/ adj. (jumpier, jumpiest)  1  nervous; easily startled 神经质的；易受惊吓的 2  making sudden movements, esp. of nervous excitement (尤指神经受惊吓而)突然跳动的 □ jumpily  adv.  □ jumpiness  n.  

Jun. abbr. [缩略]  1  June  2  Junior 

junco /ˈdʒʌŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  any small American bunting of the genus Junco 北美雀科小鸟 [originally = reed-bunting: Spanish, from Latin juncus ‘rush plant’]

junction /ˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a point at which two or more things are joined 连接点，汇合处，交叉口 2  a place where two or more railway lines or roads meet, unite, or cross (道路、公路等的)会合点，交叉口，枢纽；(铁路)联轨站，枢纽站 3  the act or an instance of joining 连接，会合 4 Electronics  a region of transition in a semiconductor between regions where conduction is mainly by electrons and regions where it is mainly by holes 【电子学】(半导体)结 [Latin junctio (as JOIN)]

junction box n.  a box containing a junction of electric cables etc. (电缆线等的)接线箱，分线盒

juncture /ˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n.  1  a critical convergence of events; a critical point of time 紧要关头；关键时刻  at this juncture  在此紧要关头 2  a place where things join 接合点；交接处 3  an act of joining 接合 [Middle English from Latin junctura (as JOIN)]

June /dʒu:n/ n.  the sixth month of the year 六月 [Middle English via Old French juin from Latin Junius, variant of Junonius ‘sacred to Juno’]

June bug n.  any of various beetles, esp. N. American chafers, appearing in June 绿花金龟(尤指北美的 6 月鳃金龟)

Jungian /ˈjʊŋiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung (d. 1961) or his system of analytical psychology (指死于 1961 年的瑞士心理学家卡尔·荣格的精神分析法)荣格的；荣格精神分析法的 ●n.  a supporter of Jung or of his system 荣格的支持者；荣格精神分析法的信奉者

jungle /ˈdʒʌŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a  land overgrown with underwood or tangled vegetation, esp. in the tropics (尤指热带)丛林，密林b  an area of such land (热带)丛林地带 2  a wild tangled mass 乱七八糟的一丛，杂乱的一堆 3  a place of bewildering complexity or confusion, or of a struggle for survival 错综复杂的地方；生存竞争激烈残酷之处  blackboard jungle  学生无组织无纪律的学校 4 (in full 全称 jungle music)  a type of fast dance music with an exaggerated bass line, influenced by reggae and soul 丛林乐(舞曲节奏快，夸张低音，受雷盖乐和爵士灵歌影响) □ jungled  adj.  □ jungly  adj.   [Hindi jangal from Sanskrit jangala ‘desert, forest’]

jungle fever n.  a severe form of malaria 丛林热

junior /ˈdʒu:niə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  less advanced in age 较年幼的；年轻人的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  inferior in age, standing, or position (年龄、地位或等级)较低的 3  the younger (esp. appended to a name for distinction from an older person of the same name) 较年幼的，(尤指在同一家庭名字相同的两人中)小的 4  of less or least standing; of the lower or lowest position 资历较浅的；等级较低的  junior partner  地位较低的合伙人 5 Brit. (of a school) having pupils in a younger age range, usu. 7 － 11 [英] (学校)7 至 11 岁儿童的 6 N. Amer.  of the year before the final year at university, high school, etc. [北美] (四年制大学或中学等的)三年级的 ●n.  1  a junior person 较年幼者；年少者 2  one's inferior in length of service etc. (职业等中)年资较浅者，晚辈 3  a junior student (四年制大学或中学的)三年级学生 4  a barrister who is not a QC 非王室法律顾问的律师 5 US colloq.  a young male child, esp. in relation to his family [美口] (尤指家庭关系中的)儿子；男孩 □ juniority  /-ˈɒriti/ n.   [Latin, comparative of juvenis ‘young’]

junior college n. US  a college offering a two-year course esp. in preparation for completion at senior college [美] (尤指为进入大学本科而上的)两年制专科学校，大专

junior common room n. (also 亦作 junior combination room) Brit. [英]  1  a room for social use by the junior members of a college (某些大学中)供学生使用的公共休息室，学生室 2  the junior members collectively (总称)学生

junior high school n. N. Amer.  a school intermediate between elementary school and high school [北美]初级中学

junior lightweight n.  1  a weight in professional boxing of 57.1 － 59 kg (拳击)次轻量级 (57.1 至 59 公斤) 2  a professional boxer of this weight (拳击)次轻量级运动员

junior management n.  1  the lowest level of management in an organization 基层管理 2  the managers at this level usu. with supervisory rather than full management responsibility (cf. 参见 MIDDLE MANAGEMENT, SENIOR MANAGEMENT) 基层管理人员(通常肩负督查责任而非全面的经营管理责任)

junior middleweight n.  1  a weight in professional boxing of 66.7 － 69.8 kg (拳击)次中量级 (66.7 至 69.8 公斤) 2  a professional boxer of this weight (拳击)次中量级运动员

junior technician n.  an RAF rank next above senior aircraftman 初级技术军士(英皇家空军的军衔，仅高于空军一等兵)

junior welterweight n.  1  a weight in professional boxing of 61.2 － 63.5 kg (拳击)次轻中量级 (61.2 至 63.5 公斤) 2  a professional boxer of this weight (拳击)次轻中量级运动员

juniper /ˈdʒu:nipə/ n.  any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus, esp. J. communis with prickly leaves and dark purple berries 桧属植物(尤指杜松) [Middle English from Latin juniperus]

junk1 /dʒʌŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  discarded articles; rubbish 废弃的旧东西；垃圾 2  anything regarded as of little value 认为没有价值的东西 3 slang  a narcotic drug, esp. heroin [俚语]麻醉品，毒品(尤指海洛因) 4  old cables or ropes cut up for oakum etc. 废绳； (填絮等用的)绳屑 5 Brit.  a lump or chunk [英] (一)大块； (一)厚片 6 Naut.  hard salt meat 【海】硬咸肉 7  a lump of fibrous tissue in a sperm whale's head, containing spermaceti (抹香鲸头部的)含鲸脑油的部位 ●v. tr.  discard as junk 把…当作废物丢弃；抛弃，废弃 [Middle English: origin unknown]

junk2 /dʒʌŋk/ n.  a flat-bottomed sailing vessel used in the China seas, with a prominent stem and lugsails 中国式帆船，平底帆船 [obsolete French juncque, Portuguese junco, or Dutch jonk, from Javanese djong]

junk bond n.  a high-yielding high-risk security, esp. one issued to finance a take-over 高风险(低档)债券，垃圾股(尤指为资助接收而发行的债券)

junker /ˈjʊŋkə/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a young German nobleman 德国青年贵族 2  a member of an exclusive Prussian aristocratic party 孤傲的普鲁士贵族地主 □ junkerdom  n.   [German, earlier Junkher, from Old High German (as YOUNG, HERR)]

junket /ˈdʒʌŋkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dish of sweetened and flavoured curds, often served with fruit or cream 凝乳食品；冻乳甜食 2  a feast 野餐；宴会 3  a pleasure outing 郊游；旅游 4 N. Amer.  an official's tour at public expense [北美] (政府官员的)公费旅游 ●v. intr. (junketed, junketing)  feast, picnic 排筵；野餐 □ junketing  n.   [Middle English jonket via Old French jonquette ‘rush-basket’ (used to carry junket), from jonc ‘rush’, from Latin juncus]

junk food n.  food with low nutritional value (缺乏营养价值的)垃圾食品，劣等食物

junkie /ˈdʒʌŋki/ n. slang  a drug addict [俚语]服用麻醉品的人；有毒瘾的人

junk mail n.  unsolicited advertising matter sent by post 垃圾邮件(不经收件人同意大量发出的宣传品)

junk shop n.  a shop selling cheap second-hand goods or antiques 旧货铺子，古董店

junkyard /ˈdʒʌŋkjɑ:d/ n.  = SCRAPYARD 

Junr. abbr. [缩略]  Junior 

junta /ˈdʒʌntə, ˈhʊ-/ n.  1  a  a political or military clique or faction taking power after a revolution or coup d'état (政变或革命后掌握政权的)军人集团，政治集团b  a secretive group; a cabal 秘密政治集团，小集团 2  a deliberative or administrative council in Spain or Portugal (西班牙、葡萄牙的)政务(审议)会 [Spanish & Portuguese from Latin juncta, fem. past part. of jungere JOIN]

Jupiter /ˈdʒu:pitə/ n.  the largest planet of the solar system, orbiting the sun between Mars and Saturn 木星(太阳系中最大的行星) [Middle English via Latin Jupiter, the king of the gods, from Old Latin Jovis pater, literally ‘Jove father’]

jural /ˈdʒʊər(ə)l/ adj.  1  of law 法律上的；法制的 2  of rights and obligations 权力和义务的 [Latin jus juris ‘law, right’]

Jurassic /dʒʊˈræsik/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the second period of the Mesozoic era with evidence of many large dinosaurs, the first birds (including Archaeopteryx), and mammals (与具有大型恐龙、始祖鸟及哺乳动物证据的中生代第二纪有关的)侏罗纪的；侏罗纪岩系的 ●n.  this era or system 侏罗纪；侏罗纪岩系 [French jurassique from Jura (Mountains): cf. Triassic]

jurat1 /ˈdʒʊəræt/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a municipal officer (esp. of the Cinque Ports) holding a position similar to that of an alderman (尤指五港的)高级市政官 2  an honorary judge or magistrate in the Channel Islands (海峡群岛的)名誉法官，治安推事 [Middle English from medieval Latin juratus (literally ‘sworn man’), past part. of Latin jurare ‘swear’]

jurat2 /ˈdʒʊəræt/ n.  a statement of the circumstances in which an affidavit was made 宣誓证明(附于宣誓书后证明宣誓的地点、时间、监誓人等情况) [Latin juratum, neut. past part. (as JURAT1)]

juridical /dʒʊˈridik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of judicial proceedings 司法程序的 2  relating to the law 有关法律的 □ juridically  adv.   [Latin juridicus, from jus juris ‘law’ + -dicus ‘saying’ from dicere ‘say’]

juried /ˈdʒʊərid/ adj.  judged or selected by a jury or panel 由陪审团决定的，由陪审团选定的

jurisconsult /ˌdʒʊəriskənˈsʌlt/ n.  a person learned in law; a jurist 精于法律的人；法学家 [Latin jurisconsultus, from jus juris ‘law’ + consultus ‘skilled’: see CONSULT]

jurisdiction /dʒʊərisˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 over, of)  the administration of justice 司法，司法权 2  a  legal or other authority 权力，管辖权b  the extent of this; the territory it extends over 权限，管辖范围 □ jurisdictional  adj.   [Middle English jurisdiccioun from Old French jurediction, juridiction, Latin jurisdictio, from jus juris ‘law’ + dictio DICTION]

jurisprudence /dʒʊərisˈpru:d(ə)ns/ n.  1  the science or philosophy of law 法学；法理学 2  skill in law 法律知识；法律熟巧 □ jurisprudent  adj. & n.  □ jurisprudential  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin jurisprudentia, from Latin jus juris ‘law’ + prudentia ‘knowledge’: see PRUDENT]

jurist /ˈdʒʊərist/ n.  1  an expert in law 法学家；法律学者 2  a legal writer 法学著述家 3 US [美]  a  a lawyer 律师b  a judge 法官 □ juristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ juristical  /-ˈristik(ə)l/ adj.   [French juriste or medieval Latin jurista from jus juris ‘law’]

juror /ˈdʒʊərə/ n.  1  a member of a jury 陪审团成员 2  a person who takes an oath (cf. 参见 NONJUROR) (表示忠诚的)宣誓人 [Middle English via Anglo-French jurour, Old French jureor from Latin jurator -oris, from jurare jurat- ‘swear’]

jury /ˈdʒʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of usu. twelve persons sworn to render a verdict on the basis of evidence submitted to them in a court of justice (通常由 12 人组成的)陪审团 2  a body of persons selected to award prizes in a competition (竞赛的)评判委员会，专家评奖团 □ the jury is (or is still) out  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a decision has not yet been reached 尚未做出决定，尚未形成看法 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French juree ‘oath, inquiry’ from jurata, fem. past part. of Latin jurare ‘swear’]

jury box n.  the enclosure for the jury in a law court 陪审(团)席

juryman /ˈdʒʊərimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a jury 陪审团成员

jury-rigged adj.  1 Naut.  having temporary makeshift rigging 【海】装临时应急索具的 2  makeshift, improvised 临时装备的，临时凑成的 [perhaps ultimately from Old French ajurie ‘aid’]

jurywoman /ˈdʒʊəriwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female member of a jury 女陪审员

jussive /ˈdʒʌsiv/ adj. Gram.  expressing a command 【语法】祈使的，表示命令的 [Latin jubēre juss- ‘command’]

just /dʒʌst/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  acting or done in accordance with what is morally right or fair 正义的，正直的，公正的，公平的 2 (of treatment etc.) deserved (待遇等)应得的  a just reward  应得的报酬 3 (of feelings, opinions, etc.) well-grounded (感情、意见等)有缘由的，有充分根据的  just resentment  事出有因的怨气 4  right in amount etc.; proper (数量等)合适的，恰当的 ●adv.  1  exactly 正好，恰恰是  just what I need  正是我需要的 2  exactly or nearly at this or that moment; a little time ago 刚刚，方才  I have just seen them  我刚刚看到过他们 3 colloq.  simply, merely [口]只是，仅仅  we were just good friends  我们只是好朋友 it just doesn't make sense  根本讲不通 4  barely; no more than 几乎不，过去勉强地  I just managed it  我勉强应付过去 just a minute  稍等一下 5 colloq.  positively [口]确实，很  it is just splendid  真是美极了 6  quite 十分，完全  not just yet  并非现在，但可能不久 it is just as well that I checked  我检查了一下，倒也不错 7 colloq.  really, indeed [口]非常，确实  won't I just tell him!  我真不想告诉他！ 8  in questions, seeking precise information (用于问句，询问准确的信息)到底  just how did you manage?  到底你是怎样应付的呢？ □ just about  colloq.  almost exactly; almost completely [口]差不多，几乎□ just in case   as a precaution 以防万一□ just now   1  at this moment 现在，眼下 2  a little time ago 刚才，方才□ just so   1  exactly arranged 有条不紊  they like everything just so  他们喜欢把一切安排得有条不紊 2  it is exactly as you say 正如你所说的，对极了□ justly  adv.  □ justness  n.   [Middle English via Old French juste from Latin justus, from jus ‘right’]

justice /ˈdʒʌstis/ n.  1  just conduct 正义；正义行为 2  fairness 公平，公正 3  the exercise of authority in the maintenance of right 正当的理由，合法性 4  judicial proceedings 司法；审判  was duly brought to justice  及时地受到审判 the Court of Justice  法院 5  a  a magistrate 地方行政官b  a judge, esp. (in England) of the Supreme Court of Judicature or (in the US) of the US Supreme Court or a state Supreme Court 法官(在英国尤指最高法院的法官；在美国指联邦最高法院法官或州最高法院的法官) □ do justice to   treat fairly or appropriately; show due appreciation of 公平地对待；公正地评判□ do oneself justice   perform in a manner worthy of one's abilities 充分发挥自己的才能□ in justice to   out of fairness to 为了对…公正起见□ Mr (or Mrs) Justice  Brit.  a form of address or reference to a Supreme Court Judge [英]对最高法院法官的称呼□ with justice   reasonably 公道地；合情合理地□ justiceship  n. (in sense 5 用于释义 5)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin justitia (as JUST)]

Justice of the Peace n.  a lay magistrate appointed to preserve the peace in a county, town, etc., hear minor cases, grant licences, etc. (乡村、城镇等的)治安法官(审理小案、授予执照等)

justiciable /dʒʌˈstiʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  liable to legal consideration 可由法院受理的 [Old French from justicier ‘bring to trial’, from medieval Latin justitiare (as JUSTICE)]

justiciary /dʒʌˈstiʃ(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  an administrator of justice 司法官 ●adj.  of the administration of justice 司法的 [medieval Latin justitiarius from Latin justitia: see JUSTICE]

justifiable /ˈdʒʌstifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be justified or defended 可证明是正当的；可辩护的 □ justifiability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ justifiableness  n.  □ justifiably  adv.   [French from justifier: see JUSTIFY]

justifiable homicide n.  killing regarded as lawful and without criminal guilt, esp. the execution of a death sentence 正当杀人(尤指执行死刑)

justify /ˈdʒʌstifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  show the justice or rightness of (a person, act, etc.) 证明(某人、某行为等)正当(或正确) 2  demonstrate the correctness of (an assertion etc.) 表明(主张等)的正确性 3  adduce adequate grounds for (conduct, a claim, etc.) 证明(行为、要求等)有道理 4  a (esp. in passive 尤用于被动) (of circumstances) be such as to justify 是(某事件)的正当理由b  vindicate 辩护 5 (as 作 justified adj.)  just, right 公正的，有理的  am justified in assuming  有理由做出假设 6 Theol.  declare (a person) righteous 【神】使(某人)称义 7 Printing  adjust (a line of type) to fill a space evenly 【印刷】调整(字行)使空白处均匀 □ justification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ justificatory  /-fikeit(ə)ri, -fiˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.  □ justifier  n.   [Middle English via French justifier and Late Latin justificare ‘do justice to’ from Latin justus JUST]

Justin /ˈdʒʌstin/   贾斯廷 [人名]

just-in-time n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a manufacturing system in which production is operated in very small batches 适时生产制(指小批量生产的体制) 2  a factory system in which materials are delivered immediately before they are required in order to minimize storage costs 零库存制(指及时盘存，合理进料，以减少库存的体制)

jut /dʒʌt/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (jutted, jutting) (often foll. by 常后跟 out, into, through, etc.)  protrude, project 突出，伸出 ●n.  a projection; a protruding point 突出；突出部分，尖端 [variant of JET1]

Jute /dʒu:t/ n.  a member of a Germanic people that settled in Britain in the 5th － 6th c. 朱特人(日耳曼部落的成员，公元 5 至 6 世纪定居在英国) □ Jutish  adj.   [representing medieval Latin Jutae, Juti, in Old English Eotas, Iotas = Icelandic Iótar ‘people of Jutland’ in Denmark]

jute /dʒu:t/ n.  1  a rough fibre made from the bark of a jute plant, used for making twine and rope, and woven into sacking, mats, etc. (可织成麻袋、席子等的)黄麻纤维 2  an Asian plant of the genus Corchorus yielding this fibre 黄麻属植物；黄麻 [Bengali jhōto from Sanskrit jūta = jatɑˉ ‘braid of hair’]

juvenescence /dʒu:vəˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  1  youth 年轻 2  the transition from infancy to youth 少年时期，从婴儿期向青年时期的过渡 □ juvenescent  adj.   [Latin juvenescere ‘reach the age of youth’ from juvenis ‘young’]

juvenile /ˈdʒu:vənail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  young, youthful 年少的，青少年的b  of or for young persons 年轻人的，为年轻人的 2  suited to or characteristic of youth 适合于青少年的；有青少年特点的 3 often derog.  immature [常贬]不成熟的，幼稚的  behaving in a very juvenile way  举止十分幼稚 ●n.  1  a young person 少年 2 Commerce  a book intended for young people 【商业】少儿读物 3  an actor playing the part of a youthful person 扮演青少年角色的演员 □ juvenilely  adv.  □ juvenility  /-ˈniliti/ n.   [Latin juvenilis from juvenis ‘young’]

juvenile court n.  a court for the trial of children under 17 or (in the US) 18 少年法庭(针对 17 岁以下、美国 18 岁以下的青少年)

juvenile delinquency n.  the (habitual) committing of offences by a person or persons below the age of legal responsibility (习惯性的)少年犯罪 □ juvenile deliquent  n.  

juvenilia /dʒu:vəˈniliə/ n. pl.  works produced by an author or artist in youth (作家或艺术家)少年时代的文艺作品 [Latin, neut. pl. of juvenilis (as JUVENILE)]

juxtapose /dʒʌkstəˈpəʊz/ v. tr.  1  place (things) side by side 把(事情)并列(或并置) 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, with)  place (a thing) beside another 将(一事)与(另一事)并列 □ juxtaposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ juxtapositional  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [French juxtaposer from Latin juxta ‘next’: see POSE1]

K1 /kei/ n. (also 亦作 k) (pl. Ks or K's)  the eleventh letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 11 个字母

K2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 K.)  1  King, King's  2  Köchel (catalogue of Mozart's works) 克氏莫扎特音乐作品目录 3 (also 亦作 k) (prec. by a numeral 前接数词)  a Computing  a unit of 1,024 (i.e. 210) bytes or bits, or loosely 1,000 【计算】千字节(相当于 1024 个字节的计算机储存容量单位)b  thousand 一千 [sense 3 as abbreviation of KILO-]

K3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element potassium 【化】(化学元素)钾 2  kelvin(s)  [sense 1 from modern Latin kalium]

k1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 k.)  knot(s) 

k2 symb. [符]  1  kilo-  2 Math.  a constant 【数】常数

Kaaba /ˈkɑ:əbə/ n. (also 亦作 Caaba)  a sacred building at Mecca, the Muslim Holy of Holies containing the sacred black stone (伊斯兰教)天房，克尔白(圣地麦加城大清真寺广场中央供有神圣黑石的石殿) [Arabic Kaˈba]

kabbala   1 var.  of CABBALA 1 CABBALA 1 的变体 2 (作 Kabbala) var.  of KABBALAH KABBALAH 的变体

Kabbalah /kəˈbɑ:lə, ˈkæbələ/ n. (also 亦作 Kabbala, Cabbala, Cabala)  the Jewish mystical tradition 犹太教神秘哲学(口头诫条) □ Kabbalism  n.  □ Kabbalist  n.  □ Kabbalistic  adj.   [medieval Latin cab(b)ala from Rabbinical Hebrew kabbɑˉlɑˆ ‘tradition’]

kabuki /kəˈbu:ki/ n.  a form of popular traditional Japanese drama with highly stylized song, acted by males only 歌舞伎(日本传统剧种，仅限男性表演) [Japanese, from ka ‘song’ + bu ‘dance’ + ki ‘art’]

kachina /kəˈtʃi:nə/ n.  1  a Pueblo Indian ancestral spirit 克奇纳神(普韦布洛印第安人崇奉的神灵) 2 (in full 全称 kachina dancer)  a person who represents a kachina in ceremonial dances 扮成克奇纳神的舞蹈者 [Pueblo Indian word, = supernatural]

kachina doll n.  a wooden doll representing a kachina 雕成克奇纳神的小木偶

kadaitcha var.  of KURDAITCHA  KURDAITCHA 的变体

Kaddish /ˈkædiʃ/ n. Judaism 【犹太教】  1  a Jewish mourner's prayer (犹太教的)哀悼祈祷(文) 2  a doxology in the synagogue service (在犹太教堂仪式中的)祈祷文 [Aramaic kaddîš ‘holy’]

kadi var.  of CADI  CADI 的变体

Kaffir /ˈkæfə/ n.  1  a hist.  a member of the Xhosa-speaking peoples of S. Africa [史义]卡菲尔人(南非讲班图语的民族)b  the language of these peoples 卡菲尔语 2 S. Afr. offens.  any black African (now an actionable insult) [南非] [冒犯]非洲黑人(现为可提起诉讼的侮辱) [originally = a non-Muslim: Arabic kɑˉfir ‘infidel’ from kafara ‘not believe’]

kaffiyeh var.  of KEFFIYEH  KEFFIYEH 的变体

Kafir /ˈkæfə/ n.  a native of the Hindu Kush mountains of NE Afghanistan 卡菲尔人(住在阿富汗东北部兴都库什山区) [formed as KAFFIR]

Kafkaesque /kæfkəˈesk/ adj. (of a situation, atmosphere, etc.) impenetrably oppressive, nightmarish, in a manner characteristic of the fictional world of Franz Kafka, German-speaking novelist (d. 1924) (情景、气氛等)极度压抑的；恐怖的；具有卡夫卡小说风格的，卡夫卡式的(弗兰茨·卡夫卡系德语小说家，死于 1924 年)

kaftan /ˈkæftæn/ n. (also 亦作 caftan)  1  a long usu. belted tunic worn by men in countries of the Near East 土耳其长袍(近东国家男人穿的通常束腰带的长袖长袍) 2  a  a woman's long loose dress 宽大女袍b  a loose shirt or top 宽松衬衣(或上衣) [Turkish kaftɑˉn, partly through French cafetan]

kai /kai/ n. NZ colloq.  food [新口]食物 [Maori]

kail var.  of KALE  KALE 的变体

kailyard var.  of KALEYARD  KALEYARD 的变体

kaiser /ˈkaizə/ n. hist.  an emperor, esp. the German Emperor, the Emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire [史义]皇帝(尤指德国皇帝、奥国皇帝、神圣罗马帝国皇帝) □ kaisership  n.   [in modern English from German Kaiser and Dutch keizer; in Middle English from Old English cɑˉsere, from Germanic adoption (through Greek kaisar) of Latin Caesar: see CAESAR]

kaizen /kaiˈzen/ n.  a Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement of working practices, personal efficiency, etc. 持续改善管理法(日本企业的哲学，强调不断改进工作实践，提高个人效率等) [Japanese, = improvement]

kaka /ˈkɑ:kɑ:/ n. (pl. kakas)  a large New Zealand parrot, Nestor meridionalis, with olive-brown plumage 卡卡(新西兰鹦鹉，羽衣呈黄褐色) [Maori]

kakapo /ˈkɑ:kəpəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an owl-like flightless New Zealand parrot, Strigops habroptilus 鸮鹦鹉(状似猫头鹰不能飞的新西兰鹦鹉) [Maori, = night kaka]

kakemono /kɑ:kiˈməʊnəʊ, kæki-/ n. (pl. -os)  a vertical Japanese unframed wall-picture, usu. painted or inscribed on paper or silk and mounted on rollers (挂在壁上的)字轴，画轴 [Japanese, from kake- ‘hang’ + mono ‘thing’]

kala-azar /kɑ:lə-əˈzɑ:/ n.  a tropical disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted to man by sandflies 黑热病，内脏利什曼病(由白蛉虫传给人类的热带疾病) [Assamese, from kɑˉlɑˉ ‘black’ + ɑˉzɑˉr ‘disease’]

kalanchoe /kælənˈkəʊi/ n.  a succulent plant of the mainly African genus Kalanchoe, which includes several house plants, some producing miniature plants from the edges of the leaves 高凉菜属植物 [modern Latin from French, ultimately from Chinese gɑˉlɑˊncɑˋi]

Kalashnikov /kəˈlæʃnikɒf, -ˈlɑ:ʃ-/ n.  a type of rifle or sub-machine gun made in Russia 卡拉什尼科夫枪(俄制步枪或冲锋枪) also 亦作 attrib.: Kalashnikov rifle  卡拉什尼科夫枪 [named after M.T. Kalashnikov (b. 1919), its Russian developer]

kale /keil/ n. (also 亦作 kail)  1  a variety of cabbage which forms no compact head See also 另见 CURLY KALE 羽衣甘蓝，无头甘蓝，甘蓝菜 2 N. Amer. slang  money [北美] [俚语]钱，现款 [Middle English, northern form of COLE]

kaleidoscope /kəˈlaidəskəʊp/ n.  1  a tube containing mirrors and pieces of coloured glass or paper, whose reflections produce changing patterns when the tube is rotated 万花筒 2  a constantly changing group of bright or interesting objects 千变万化的景致(图案) □ kaleidoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ kaleidoscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek kalos ‘beautiful’ + eidos ‘form’ + -SCOPE]

kalends var.  of CALENDS  CALENDS 的变体

kaleyard /ˈkeiljɑ:d/ n. (also 亦作 kailyard) Sc.  a kitchen garden [苏格兰]菜园 [KALE + YARD2]

kaleyard school n.  a group of 19th-c. fiction writers including J. M. Barrie, who described local town life in Scotland in a romantic vein and with much use of the vernacular 菜园派 (19 世纪运用浪漫笔触及方言土语描写苏格兰当地乡镇生活的一派作家，主要代表为 J.M. 巴里)

kali /ˈkeilai, ˈkæli/ n.  a glasswort, Salsola kali, with fleshy jointed stems, having a high soda content 钾猪毛菜 [Arabic kalī ALKALI]

Kalimantan /ˌkæliˈmæntən/ n.  加里曼丹岛(旧称 Borneo 婆罗洲) [东南亚]

kalmia /ˈkælmiə/ n.  a N. American evergreen shrub of the genus Kalmia, esp. K. latifolia, with showy pink flowers 山月桂属植物(北美的一种常青灌木，尤指开粉色艳丽花朵的山月桂) [modern Latin, named after P. Kalm, Swedish botanist d. 1779]

Kalmuck /ˈkælmʌk/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Kalmyk) ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Kalmucks or Kalmyks)  1  a member of a Buddhist Mongolian people living in the west of the former USSR 卡尔梅克人(居住在原苏联西部的信奉佛教的蒙古族人) 2  the Ural-Altaic language of this people 卡尔梅克语(属乌拉尔—阿尔泰语群) ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)卡尔梅克人的 , (有关)卡尔梅克语的 [Russian kalmyk]

kalong /ˈkɑ:lɒŋ/ n.  any of various fruit-eating bats of the family Pteropodidae, esp. Pteropus edulis; a flying fox 狐蝠(尤指果蝠) [Malay]

kalpa /ˈkælpə/ n. Hinduism & Buddhism  the period between the beginning and the end of the world considered as the day of Brahma (4,320 million human years) 【印度教和佛教】劫(传说世界经历 43.2 亿年毁灭一次，重新再生，这一周期称为一劫) [Sanskrit]

Kama /ˈkɑ:mə/ n.  the Hindu god of love (印度神话中的)迦摩天，爱神 [Sanskrit]

Kama Sutra /ˈsu:trə/ n.  an ancient Sanskrit treatise on the art of erotic love 爱经(印度古代的一部有关性爱技巧的著作)

kame /keim/ n.  a short ridge of sand and gravel deposited from the water of a melted glacier 冰砾阜，冰碛阜 [Scots form of COMB]

kamikaze /kæmiˈkɑ:zi/ n. & adj. ●n. hist. [史义]  1  a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and deliberately crashed by its pilot on its target 神风战机(日本空军驾驶装载炸弹蓄意撞击目标的飞机) 2  the pilot of such an aircraft 神风队飞行员 ●adj.  1  of or relating to a kamikaze (有关)神风队的 2  reckless, dangerous, potentially self-destructive 莽撞的，不顾一切的，自杀性的 [Japanese, from kami ‘divinity’ + kaze ‘wind’]

Kamilaroi /kəˈmilərɔi/ n.  an Aboriginal language of New South Wales and S. Queensland, now extinct 新南威尔士州和南昆士兰州土著语(现已灭绝)

Kampala /kɑ:mˈpɑ:lə/ n.  坎帕拉 [乌干达首都]

kampong /kæmˈpɒŋ, ˈkæmpɒŋ/ n.  a Malayan enclosure or village (马来亚的)茅屋群，小村庄 [Malay: cf. COMPOUND2]

Kampuchea /ˌkæmpuˈtʃiə/ n.  柬埔寨 [亚洲]

Kampuchean /kæmpʊˈtʃi:ən/ n. & adj.  = CAMBODIAN  [Kampuchea, native name for Cambodia]■Usage 用法说明 The term Kampuchean was in official use from 1976 to 1989. Kampuchean 一词于 1976 至 1989 年间被官方使用。 

Kan. abbr.  Kansas [缩略] (美国)堪萨斯州

kana /ˈkɑ:nə/ n.  any of various Japanese syllabaries (日本)假名 [Japanese]

kanaka /kəˈnækə, -ˈnɑ:kə/ n.  a South Sea Islander, esp. hist. one employed in forced labour in Australia 南太平洋诸岛土人；[尤史义]澳大利亚苦力(劳工) [Hawaiian, = man]

Kanarese /kænəˈri:z/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Canarese) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a Dravidian people living in western India (居住在印度西部地区的)卡纳拉人 2  the language of this people 卡纳拉语，达罗毗荼语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Kanarese or their language (有关)卡纳拉的； (有关)卡纳拉人的； (有关)卡纳拉语的，(有关)达罗毗荼语的 [Kanara in India]

kanban /ˈkænbæn/ n.  1 (in full 全称 kanban system)  a Japanese just-in-time manufacturing system in which parts etc. are ordered on cards (日本)完善生产法 2  a card used in this system 完善生产记事牌 [Japanese, = billboard, sign]

kangaroo /kæŋɡəˈru:/ n.  a plant-eating marsupial of the genus Macropus, native to Australia and New Guinea, with a long tail and strongly developed hind quarters enabling it to travel by jumping 袋鼠(产于澳洲及新几内亚岛) [ganurru, the name of a specific kind of kangaroo in an extinct Aboriginal language of N. Queensland]

kangaroo closure n. Brit. Parl.  a closure involving the chairperson of a committee selecting some amendments for discussion and excluding others [英] [议]限制议事法，抽议法(由委员会主席在修正案中挑选几项进行辩论，其余的不予置议)

kangaroo court n.  an improperly constituted or illegal court held by strikers etc. (罢工工人等私设的)非正规法庭，“袋鼠法庭”

kangaroo mouse n.  any small rodent of the genus Microdipodops, native to N. America, with long hind legs for hopping 小更格卢鼠(产于北美，后腿长，善跳跃)

kangaroo paw n.  any Australian plant of the genus Anigozanthos or Macropidia, with irregular woolly flowers, esp. A. manglesii, the floral emblem of Western Australia 澳洲石蒜科植物(尤指西澳大利亚的袋鼠爪)

kangaroo rat n.  any burrowing rodent of the genus Dipodomys, having elongated hind feet 更格卢鼠(后腿长、善掘洞的啮齿动物)

kangaroo vine n.  an evergreen climbing plant, Cissus antarctica, with serrated leaves 藤(蔓)

kanji /ˈkændʒi, ˈkɑ:n-/ n.  Japanese writing using Chinese characters (日语书写中的)汉字 [Japanese, from kan ‘Chinese’ + ji ‘character’]

Kannada /ˈkænədə/ n.  the Kanarese language (卡纳拉人讲的)卡纳达语 [Kanarese kannada]

Kano /ˈkɑ:nəu/ n.  卡诺 [尼日利亚城市]

kanoon /kəˈnu:n/ n.  an instrument like a zither, with fifty to sixty strings 卡农琴(类似齐特琴，有 50 至 60 根琴弦) [Persian or Arabic kɑˉnūn]

Kans. abbr.  Kansas [缩略] (美国)堪萨斯州

KANU /ˈkɑ:nu:/ abbr.  Kenya African National Union [缩略]肯尼亚非洲民族联盟

kaolin /ˈkeiəlin/ n.  a fine soft white clay produced by the decomposition of other clays or feldspar, used esp. for making porcelain and in medicines Also called 亦称作 china clay (尤指用于制造瓷器或药品的)高岭土，瓷土 □ kaolinic  /-ˈlinik/ adj.  □ kaolinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French, from Chinese gaoling, literally ‘high hill’, the name of a mountain in Jiangxi province where it is found]

kaon /ˈkeiɒn/ n. Physics  a meson having a mass several times that of a pion 【物理学】 K 介子 [ka representing the letter K (as symbol for the particle) + -ON]

kapellmeister /kəˈpelmaistə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the conductor of an orchestra, opera, choir, etc., esp. in German contexts (管弦乐队、歌剧、合唱队等的)指挥(尤用于德文语境中) [German, from Kapelle ‘court orchestra’ from Italian cappella CHAPEL + Meister ‘master’]

kapok /ˈkeipɒk/ n.  1  a fine fibrous cotton-like substance found surrounding the seeds of a tropical tree, Ceiba pentandra, used for stuffing cushions, soft toys, etc. 木棉(吉贝树种子外面的丝质纤维，可用来填充垫子、玩具等) 2  the tree itself 木棉树 [ultimately from Malay kɑˉpoq]

Kaposi's sarcoma /kəˈpəʊsiz/ n. Med.  a form of cancer involving multiple tumours of the lymph nodes or skin, occurring esp. in people with depressed immune systems, e.g. as a result of Aids 【医】卡波西肉瘤(淋巴结或皮肤多发性出血性肉瘤，尤发生在免疫功能衰退的人身上，如艾滋病) [named after M.K. Kaposi, Hungarian dermatologist d. 1902]

kappa /ˈkæpə/ n.  the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet (K, κ) 希腊语字母表的第 10 个字母 (K, κ) [Greek]

kaput /kəˈpʊt/ predic. adj. colloq.  broken, ruined; done for [口]破损的；完蛋了的；失败了的 [German kaputt from French (être) capot ‘(be) without tricks in piquet etc.’: cf. CAPOT]

karabiner /kærəˈbi:nə/ n.  a coupling link with safety closure, used by mountaineers (登山运动员用的)铁锁 [German karabiner-haken ‘spring-hook’]

Karachi /kəˈrɑ:tʃi/ n.  卡拉奇 [巴基斯坦港市]

karakul /ˈkærəkʊl/ n. (also 亦作 caracul)  1  a variety of Asian sheep with a dark curled fleece when young (亚洲产)卡腊库耳大尾绵羊 2  fur made from or resembling this also called 亦称作 Persian lamb (仿)卡腊库耳大尾绵羊皮 [Russian]

karaoke /kærəˈəʊki, kæri-/ n.  a form of entertainment in which people sing popular songs as soloists against a pre-recorded backing 卡拉 OK often 常作 attrib.: karaoke bar  卡拉 OK 厅 [Japanese, = empty orchestra]

karat US var.  of CARAT 2 [美] CARAT 2 的变体

karate /kəˈrɑ:ti/ n.  a Japanese form of kungfu, a system of unarmed combat using the hands and feet as weapons 空手道(日本一种用拳脚作武器的武术) [Japanese, from kara ‘empty’ + te ‘hand’]

Karen /ˈkærən/   卡林 [人名]

Karin /ˈkærən/   卡林 [人名]

karma /ˈkɑ:mə, ˈkɜ:mə/ n. Buddhism & Hinduism 【佛教和印度教】  1  the sum of a person's actions in previous states of existence, viewed as deciding his or her fate in future existences 业，羯磨(意为个人行为的总和可决定其来世的命运) 2  destiny 命运；因缘 □ karmic  adj.   [Sanskrit, = action, fate]

Karoo /kəˈru:/ n. (also 亦作 Karroo)  an elevated semi-desert plateau in S. Africa (南非)干旱台地 [Nama]

karri /ˈkæri/ n. (pl. karris)  1  a tall W. Australian tree, Eucalyptus diversicolor, with a hard red wood 考里树(长在澳大利亚西部的桉树，木呈红色，质硬) 2  the timber from this 考里木(考里树的木材) [Nyungar]

karst /kɑ:st/ n.  a limestone region with underground drainage and many cavities and passages caused by the dissolution of the rock 喀斯特区，岩溶区 [German der Karst, a limestone region in Slovenia]

karyo- /ˈkæriəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  denoting the nucleus of a cell [构词成分]【生】表示“细胞核” [Greek karuon ‘kernel’]

karyokinesis /ˌkæriəʊkiˈni:sis/ n. Biol.  the division of a cell nucleus during mitosis 【生】有丝分裂；核分裂 [KARYO- + Greek kinēsis ‘movement’ from kineō ‘move’]

karyotype /ˈkæriətaip/ n. Biol.  the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell 【生】染色体组型 □ karyotypic  /-əˈtipik/ adj.  

kasbah /ˈkæzbɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 casbah)  1  the citadel of a N. African city (北非的)城堡 2  an Arab quarter near this (城堡附近的)阿拉伯居民区 [French casbah from Arabic kas(a)ba ‘citadel’]

Kashmir /kæʃˈmiə/ n.  克什米尔 [南亚一地区]

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Kashmir or its people or language (有关)克什米尔的；(有关)克什米尔人的；(有关)克什米尔语的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Kashmir 克什米尔人；克什米尔居民 2  the Indic language of Kashmir 克什米尔语(属印度—伊朗语族的印度语支) [Kashmir in the western Himalayas (divided between India and Pakistan) + -I2]

katabatic /kætəˈbætik/ adj. Meteorol. (of wind) caused by local downward motion of esp. cool air (cf. 参见 ANABATIC) 【气】(风)下降的，下吹的(尤指冷空气) [Greek katabatikos from katabainō ‘go down’]

katabolism var.  of CATABOLISM  CATABOLISM 的变体

katakana /kætəˈkɑ:nə/ n.  an angular form of Japanese kana 片假名(日语字母楷书) [Japanese, = side kana]

Katar /ˈkɑ:tə/ n.  卡塔尔 [亚洲]

Kate /keit/   凯特 [人名]

Katherine /ˈkæθərin/   凯瑟琳 [人名]

kathode var.  of CATHODE  CATHODE 的变体

Kathy /ˈkæθi/   凯西 [人名]

Katie /ˈkeiti/   凯蒂 [人名]

Katmandu /ˌkætmænˈdu:/ n.  加德满都 [尼泊尔首都]

Katy /ˈkeiti/   凯蒂 [人名]

katydid /ˈkeitidid/ n.  any of various green grasshoppers of the family Tettigoniidae, native to the US (产自美国的)美洲大螽斯 [imitative of the sound it makes]

kauri /ˈkaʊri/ n. (pl. kauris)  a coniferous New Zealand tree, Agathis australis, which produces valuable timber and a resin (产于新西兰的)贝壳杉 [Maori]

kauri gum n.  resin of the kauri tree 贝壳杉树胶

kava /ˈkɑ:və/ n.  1  a Polynesian shrub, Piper methysticum 卡瓦胡椒 2  an intoxicating drink made from the crushed roots of this 卡瓦酒 [Polynesian]

kawakawa /ˈkɑ:wəkɑ:wə/ n.  a New Zealand shrub, Macropiper excelsum, with aromatic leaves (新西兰)卡瓦胡椒 [Maori]

Kay /kei/   凯 [人名]

kayak /ˈkaiæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an Eskimo one-man canoe consisting of a light wooden frame covered with sealskins 爱斯基摩划子(用海豹皮绷在木架上做成的单人划子) 2  a small covered canoe resembling this (类似爱斯基摩划子的)小艇 ●v. intr. (kayaked, kayaking)  travel by kayak; paddle a kayak 坐爱斯基摩划子式小艇航行；划爱斯基摩划子 [Eskimo]

kayo /keiˈəʊ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  knock out; stun by a blow 把…击倒；把…打昏 ●n. (pl. -os)  a knockout 击倒 [representing pronunciation of KO]

Kazakh /kəˈzɑ:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. Kazakhs)  a member of a Turkic people of central Asia, esp. of Kazakhstan (尤指哈萨克斯坦的)哈萨克人 2  the language of this people 哈萨克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Kazakhs or their language (有关)哈萨克人的；(有关)哈萨克语的

Kazakhstan   哈萨克斯坦

kazoo /kəˈzu:/ n.  a toy musical instrument into which the player sings or hums 卡祖笛(一种玩具笛) [19th c., apparently with reference to the sound produced]

KB abbr. [缩略]  1  kilobyte(s)  2 (in the UK) King's Bench 

KBE abbr. (in the UK) Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire [缩略] (英国) (第二等)高级英帝国勋爵士

kbyte abbr. [缩略]  kilobyte(s) 

KC abbr. [缩略]  1  King's College (英国)皇家学院 2  King's Counsel 英国王室法律顾问

kc abbr. [缩略]  kilocycle(s) 

kcal abbr. [缩略]  kilocalorie(s) 

KCB abbr. (in the UK) Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath [缩略] (英国) (第二等)高级巴思勋爵士

KCMG abbr. (in the UK) Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George [缩略] (英国) (第二等)高级圣迈克尔和圣乔治勋爵士

kc/s abbr.  kilocycles per second [缩略]千周 / 秒，千赫

KCVO abbr. (in the UK) Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国) (第二等)皇室高级维多利亚勋爵士

KE abbr. [缩略]  kinetic energy 

kea /ˈki:ə/ n.  a parrot, Nestor notabilis, of New Zealand, with brownish-green and red plumage 啄羊鹦鹉(新西兰大鹦鹉，具棕绿色和红色羽毛) [Maori, imitative]

kebab /kiˈbæb, -ˈbɑ:b/ n.  small pieces of meat, vegetables, etc., packed closely and cooked on a skewer 烤肉串(烤炙肉、蔬菜等) [Urdu from Arabic kabɑˉb]

ked /ked/ n.  any of various bloodsucking flies of the family Hippoboscidae, esp. Melophagus ovinus, a wingless flat-bodied fly infesting sheep 绵羊虱蝇(尤指羊蜱蝇) [16th c.: origin unknown]

kedge /kedʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  move (a ship) by means of a hawser attached to a small anchor 拉拴锚粗绳移(船) 2 intr. (of a ship) move in this way (船只)随拴锚粗绳的收紧而移动 ●n. (in full 全称 kedge anchor)  a small anchor for this purpose 小锚 [perhaps a specific use of obsolete cagge, dialect cadge ‘bind, tie’]

kedgeree /ˈkedʒəri:/ n.  1  an Indian dish of rice, split pulse, onions, eggs, etc. (印度)青豆(洋葱、蛋等)烩饭 2  a European dish of fish, rice, hard-boiled eggs, etc. (欧洲)鱼(蛋等)烩饭 [Hindi khichṛī, Sanskrit k'rsara, a dish of rice and sesame]

keek /ki:k/ v. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●v. intr.  peep 偷看，窥探 ●n.  a peep 偷看；一瞥 [Middle English kike: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German kīken]

keel1 /ki:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the lengthwise timber or steel structure along the base of a ship, airship, or some aircraft, on which the framework of the whole is built up (船、飞艇、飞机等的)龙骨 2 poet.  a ship [诗]舟 3  a ridge along the breastbone of many birds; a carina (鸟的)突出胸骨；隆骨状突起 4 Bot.  a prow-shaped pair of petals in a corolla etc. 【植】(花冠等的)龙骨瓣 ●v.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a intr.  turn over or fall down 翻转；翻倒b tr.  cause to do this 使翻转，使翻倒 2  a intr. (of a boat) turn keel upwards (船)底朝天翻转，倾覆b tr.  turn up the keel of (a boat) 把(船)翻转，使(船)底朝天 □ keelless  adj.   [Middle English kele from Old Norse kjölr, from Germanic]

keel2 /ki:l/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  a flat-bottomed vessel, esp. of the kind formerly used on the River Tyne etc. for loading coal-ships 平底船； (尤指英国泰恩河上的)平底运煤船 2  an amount carried by such a vessel 一平底船装运的煤 [Middle English kele from Middle Low German kēl, Middle Dutch kiel ‘ship, boat’, from Germanic]

keelboat /ˈki:lbəʊt/ n.  1  a yacht built with a permanent keel instead of a centreboard 龙骨式艇 2  a large flat boat used on American rivers (航行于美洲内陆河的)大平底船

keelhaul /ˈki:lhɔ:l/ v. tr.  1 hist.  drag (a person) through the water under the keel of a ship as a punishment [史义]把(人)缚在船底拖曳(作为一种惩罚) 2  scold or rebuke severely 责骂；训斥

keelson /ˈki:ls(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 kelson /ˈkels(ə)n/)  a line of timber fastening a ship's floor-timbers to its keel 内龙骨 [Middle English kelswayn, perhaps from Low German kielswīn, from kiel KEEL1 + (probably) swīn SWINE used as the name of a timber]

keen1 /ki:n/ adj.  1 (of a person, desire, or interest) eager, ardent (人、愿望、兴趣)热切的；热衷的；炽热的  a keen sportsman  喜好运动的人 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  much attracted by; fond of or enthusiastic about 对…着迷的；喜爱的；热衷于的 3 (of the senses) sharp; highly sensitive (感觉)灵敏的；敏锐的 4  intellectually acute 精明的；敏捷的 5  a  having a sharp edge or point 锋利的；尖利的b (of an edge etc.) sharp (刀刃等)快的 6 (of a sound, light, etc.) penetrating, vivid, strong (声音、光等)尖锐的；明亮的；强烈的 7 (of a wind, frost, etc.) piercingly cold (风、霜等)刺骨的，凛冽的 8 (of a pain etc.) acute, bitter (疼痛等)巨烈的，强烈的 9 Brit. (of a price) competitive [英] (物价)低廉的，竞争力强的 10 colloq.  excellent [口]极好的，漂亮的 □ keenly  adv.  □ keenness  /ˈki:nnis/ n.   [Old English cēne, from Germanic]

keen2 /ki:n/ n. & v. ●n.  an Irish funeral song accompanied with wailing (爱尔兰哀悼死者的)哀号；挽歌 ●v.  1 intr.  utter the keen 发出哀号似的声音 2 tr.  bewail (a person) in this way 为(某人)恸哭；为(某人)唱挽歌 3 tr.  utter in a wailing tone 用哀号声发出 □ keener  n.   [Irish caoine from caoinim ‘wail’]

keep /ki:p/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. kept /kept/)  1 tr.  have continuous charge of; retain possession of 保有；保存；保留 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  retain or reserve for a future occasion or time (暂时)保管，(暂时)存放  will keep it for tomorrow  把它留着明天用 3 tr. & intr.  retain or remain in a specified condition, position, course, etc. (使)保持特殊状态(位置、过程等)  keep cool  镇静 keep off the grass  勿踏草地 keep them happy  让他们高兴 4 tr.  put or store in a regular place 存放；贮藏  knives are kept in this drawer  刀子放在这个抽屉里 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  cause to avoid or abstain from something 阻止，防止；控制住  will keep you from going too fast  让你走得不要太快 6 tr.  detain; cause to be late 留住；耽搁  what kept you?  是什么事把你耽误了？ 7 tr.  a  observe or pay due regard to (a law, custom, etc.) 遵守；履行(法律，风俗等)b  honour or fulfil (a commitment, undertaking, etc.) 忠于；实践  keep one's word  遵守诺言c  respect the commitment implied by (a secret etc.) 保守(秘密等)d  act fittingly on the occasion of 庆祝；守(宗教节日)  keep the sabbath  守安息日 8 tr.  own and look after (animals) for pleasure or profit 豢养；饲养  keeps bees  养蜂 9 tr.  a  provide for the sustenance of (a person, family, etc.) 为(个人、家庭等)提供食宿b (foll. by 后跟 in)  maintain (a person) with a supply of 供养，抚养 10 tr.  carry on; manage (a shop, business, etc.) 经营；开设(商店、企业等) 11  a tr.  maintain (accounts, a diary, etc.) by making the requisite entries 定期记录；记(账、日记等)b tr.  maintain (a house) in proper order 照料，收拾(房屋) 12 tr.  have (a commodity) regularly on sale 经售，经销(商品)  do you keep buttons?  你们有钮扣卖吗？ 13 tr.  guard or protect (a person or place, a goal in football, etc.) 守卫，把守(人、地方、足球的球门等) 14 tr.  preserve in being; continue to have 保持下去；继续执行  keep order  保持秩序 15 intr. (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun)  continue or do repeatedly or habitually 继续，不断  why do you keep saying that?  你为什么老说那件事呢？ 16 tr.  continue to follow (a way or course) (朝某方向或沿着某道路)继续前进 17 intr.  a (esp. of perishable commodities) remain in good condition (尤指易腐烂的物品)持久不坏；能保存下去b (of news or information etc.) admit of being withheld for a time (新闻或情报等)允许耽搁；可拖延 18 tr.  remain in (one's bed, room, house, etc.) 留在(床上、房内、家里等) 19 tr.  retain one's place in (a seat or saddle, one's ground, etc.) against opposition or difficulty 坚持留在(座位、马鞍、某人所在地等)上 20 tr.  maintain (a person) in return for sexual favours (因暧昧性关系)供养(某人)  a kept woman  受供养的姘妇 ●n.  1  maintenance or the essentials for this (esp. food) 生计，生活所需(尤指食物)  hardly earn your keep  难以糊口 2  charge or control 照管；供养；抚养  is in your keep  由你照料 3 hist.  a tower or stronghold [史义]要塞；堡垒中最强固的部分 □ for keeps  colloq. (esp. of something received or won) permanently, indefinitely [口] (尤指收到或赢得的东西)持久地，永久地；完全地□ how are you keeping?  Brit.  how are you? [英]你好吗？ □ keep at   persist or cause to persist with (使)继续做 , (使)坚持干□ keep away  (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  1  avoid being near 不靠近，离开 2  prevent from being near 使不靠近，使离开□ keep back   1  remain or keep at a distance 留在远处，往后站 2  retard the progress of 阻止，抑制；妨碍 3  conceal; decline to disclose 隐瞒；保密 4  retain, withhold 保留，留出；扣下  kept back £ 50  抽回 50 英镑□ keep one's balance   1  remain stable; avoid falling 保持稳定；保持平衡 2  retain one's composure 保持镇静□ keep down   1  hold in subjection 征服，压服；镇压 2  keep low in amount 压缩；控制；限制 3  lie low; stay hidden 匍伏，蹲下；隐蔽 4  manage not to vomit (food eaten) 不使(吃的食物)吐出□ keep one's feet   manage not to fall 不摔倒，站稳脚跟□ keep one's hair on   see 见 HAIR □ keep one's hand in   see 见 HAND □ keep in   1  confine or restrain (one's feelings etc.) 抑制，控制(情感等) 2  remain or confine indoors 留在屋内，留在里面 3  keep (a fire) burning (火)继续燃烧，不熄灭□ keep in with   remain on good terms with 与…友好相处；不得罪，不冒犯□ keep off   1  stay or cause to stay away from (使)让开；(使)不接近 2  ward off; avert 挡开；避免 3  abstain from 戒；不吃… 4  avoid (a subject) 不提，避开(某论题)  let's keep off religion  让我们不谈宗教□ keep on   1  continue to do something; do continually 继续下去，不停  kept on laughing  笑个不停 2  continue to use or employ 继续雇用，继续留用 3 (foll. by 后跟 at)  pester or harass 对…纠缠不休；对…责骂不休□ keep open house   provide general hospitality 以丰盛的饮食招待客人，盛情款待□ keep out   1  keep or remain outside (使)留在外面，(使)不入内 2  exclude 排除；将…排斥在外□ keep to   1  adhere to (a course, schedule, etc.) 坚持(路线、计划等) 2  observe (a promise) 遵守，信守(诺言) 3  confine oneself to 留在(某处)，不离开(某地)□ keep to oneself   1  avoid contact with others 不与人交往 2  refuse to disclose or share 对…秘而不宣，不把…讲出来□ keep together   remain or keep in harmony (使)协调一致□ keep track of   see 见 TRACK1 □ keep under   hold in subjection 征服□ keep up   1  maintain (progress etc.) 保持(进展等) 2  prevent (prices, one's spirits, etc.) from sinking 使(价格、人的精神等)保持高昂 3  keep in repair, in an efficient or proper state, etc. 保养，保持良好状态(性能等) 4  carry on (a correspondence etc.) 保持，坚持(通信联系等) 5  prevent (a person) from going to bed, esp. when late 使(某人)不睡觉(尤指熬夜) 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  manage not to fall behind 不落后于□ keep up with the Joneses   strive to compete socially with one's neighbours (在社会地位和物质生活方面)攀比，赶时髦□ keepable  adj.   [Old English cēpan, of unknown origin]

keeper /ˈki:pə/ n.  1  a person who keeps or looks after something or someone 领养人；看护人 2 Brit.  a custodian of a museum, art gallery, forest, etc. [英] (博物馆、美术馆、森林等的)保管人 3  a  = GAMEKEEPER b  = ZOOKEEPER 1  4  a  = WICKETKEEPER b  = GOALKEEPER  5  a fruit, wine, etc. that remains in good condition if stored 耐藏的水果(或葡萄酒等) 6  a bar of soft iron placed across the poles of a horseshoe magnet to maintain its strength (马蹄形磁铁的)保磁衔铁 7  a  a plain ring to preserve a hole in a pierced ear lobe; a sleeper 捻圈；小耳环b  a ring worn to guard against the loss of a more valuable one (为防止贵重的戒指脱落而戴的)护戒

keep-fit n. (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  regular exercises to promote personal fitness and health [尤英] (为增进健康而进行有规律的)健身运动

keeping /ˈki:piŋ/ n.  1  custody, charge 保存；保留；保管  in safe keeping  在可靠的保管之下 2  agreement, harmony (esp. 尤用于 in or out of keeping 与…一致；与…不一致) 一致，协调，和谐

keepnet /ˈki:pnet/ n.  a net for keeping fish alive until they are returned to the water 鱼戽

keepsake /ˈki:pseik/ n.  a thing kept for the sake of or in remembrance of the giver or original owner 纪念品

keeshond /ˈkeishɒnd/ n.  1  a dog of a Dutch breed with long thick hair like a large Pomeranian 荷兰卷尾狗 2  this breed 荷兰卷尾狗种 [Dutch]

kef /kef/ n. (also 亦作 kif /kif/)  1  a drowsy state induced by marijuana etc. 昏倦；(吸服大麻等引起的)迷离恍惚状态 2  the enjoyment of idleness 悠闲自在 3  a substance, esp. marijuana, smoked to produce kef (吸服后使人迷离恍惚的)毒品(尤指大麻) [Arabic kayf ‘enjoyment, well-being’]

keffiyeh /kəˈfi:(j)ə/ n. (also 亦作 kaffiyeh)  a Bedouin Arab's kerchief worn as a headdress (沙漠地带阿拉伯贝都因人戴的)头巾 [Arabic keffiya, kūfiyya, perhaps from Late Latin cofea COIF]

keg /keɡ/ n.  a small barrel, usu. of less than 10 gallons or (in the US) 30 gallons 小桶(通常容量不足 10 英加仑；或 30 美加仑) [Middle English cag from Old Norse kaggi, of unknown origin]

keg beer n. Brit.  beer to which carbon dioxide has been added in a sealed metal container, from which it is supplied [英]小桶装啤酒

keister /ˈki:stə, ˈkaistə/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  the buttocks 屁股 2  a suitcase, satchel, handbag, etc. 小提包(小背包、手提箱等) [19th c.: origin unknown]

Keith /ki:θ/   基思 [人名]

keloid /ˈki:lɔid/ n.  fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar or injury 瘢痕瘤；瘢痕疙瘩 [Greek khēlē ‘claw’ + -OID]

kelp /kelp/ n.  1  any of several large broad-fronded brown seaweeds esp. of the genus Laminaria, suitable for use as manure, or the American Pacific genus Macrocystis 海草(尤指巨藻；大型褐藻) 2  the calcined ashes of seaweed, formerly used in glass-making and soap manufacture because of their high content of sodium, potassium, and magnesium salts 海草灰(含丰富的钠盐、钾盐和镁盐，旧时用以制造玻璃和肥皂) [Middle English cülp(e), of unknown origin]

kelpie /ˈkelpi/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a water spirit, usu. in the form of a horse, reputed to delight in the drowning of travellers etc. 水妖(通常其形似马，据传以溺死路人为乐) 2  an Australian sheepdog originally bred from a Scottish collie (源自苏格兰柯利牧羊犬的)澳大利亚护羊狗 [17th c.: origin unknown: sense 2 apparently from the name of a particular bitch]

kelson var.  of KEELSON  KEELSON 的变体

kelt /kelt/ n.  a salmon or sea trout after spawning (产卵后的)鲑鱼(海鳟) [Middle English: origin unknown]

kelter var.  of KILTER  KILTER 的变体

kelvin /ˈkelvin/ n.  the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature, equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius (symbol 符 K) 开(开尔文温标的计量单位) [named after Lord Kelvin, British physicist d. 1907]

Kelvin scale n.  a scale of temperature with absolute zero as zero, and the triple point of water as exactly 273.16 degrees 绝对温标，开尔文温标

kemp /kemp/ n.  coarse hair in wool 粗毛，死毛，抢毛 □ kempy  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse kampr ‘beard, whisker’]

kempt /kem(p)t/ adj.  combed; neatly kept 梳理好的；整洁的，收拾整齐的 [past part. of (now dialect) kemb COMB from Old English cemban, from Germanic]

Ken /ken/   肯 [人名]

ken /ken/ n. & v. ●n.  range of sight or knowledge 视野；知识范围  it's beyond my ken  在我的视野之外；在我的知识范围之外 ●v. tr. (kenning; past and past part. kenned or kent) Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  recognize at sight 见面认出；见面辨出 2  know 知道，懂得 [Old English cennan, from Germanic]

kendo /ˈkendəʊ/ n.  a Japanese form of fencing with two-handed bamboo swords (日本)剑道(双手握竹剑作击剑运动) [Japanese, = sword-way]

kennel /ˈken(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shelter for a dog 狗窝 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a breeding or boarding establishment for dogs (繁殖、饲养的)养狗场 3  a mean dwelling 鄙陋的住所 ●v. (kennelled, kennelling; US [美] kenneled, kenneling)  1 tr.  put into or keep in a kennel 把(狗)关进狗窝；把(狗)关在狗窝 2 intr.  live in or go to a kennel 住在(或去)鄙陋的住所 [Middle English from Old French chenil via medieval Latin from Latin canis ‘dog’]

Kenneth /ˈkeniθ/   肯尼思 [人名]

kenning /ˈkeniŋ/ n.  a compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry, e.g. oar-steed = ship (古英语及古斯堪的纳维亚诗歌中的)比喻复合词(如 oar-steed = ship) [Middle English, = ‘teaching’ etc. from KEN]

Kenny /ˈkeni/   肯尼 [人名]

kenosis /kiˈnəʊsis/ n. (in Christian theology) the renunciation of the divine nature, at least in part, by Christ in the Incarnation (基督神学) (基督的)神性放弃(基督放弃神性，化身为人的形象) □ kenotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [Greek kenōsis via kenoō ‘to empty’ from kenos ‘empty’]

kenspeckle /ˈkenspek(ə)l/ adj. Sc.  conspicuous [苏格兰]明显的，显著的 [kenspeck of Scandinavian origin: related to KEN]

kent past and past part.  of KEN 

Kentish /ˈkentiʃ/ adj.  of K ent in England (英国)肯特郡的 [Old English Centisc, from Cent, from Latin Cantium]

Kentish fire n. Brit.  a prolonged volley of rhythmic applause or a demonstration of dissent [英]长时间有节奏的鼓掌；一片表示反对的喧哗声

kentledge /ˈkentlidʒ/ n. Naut.  pig-iron etc. used as permanent ballast 【海】(生铁等做成的)压舱铁 [French quintelage ‘ballast’, with assimilation to kentle, obsolete variant of QUINTAL]

Kenya   肯尼亚

Kenyan /ˈkenjən, ˈki:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Kenya in E. Africa (有关)肯尼亚的；(有关)肯尼亚人的 ●n.  1  a native or national of Kenya 肯尼亚人；肯尼亚国民 2  a person of Kenyan descent 肯尼亚人的后裔

kepi /ˈkepi, ˈkeipi/ n. (pl. kepis)  a French military cap with a horizontal peak (平圆顶、平帽舌)法国军帽 [French képi from Swiss German kɑ¨ppi, diminutive of kappe ‘cap’]

Kepler's laws /ˈkepləz/ n. pl.  three theorems describing orbital motion 开普勒定律(开普勒所发现的关于行星绕轨道运行的三定律) □ Keplerian  /-ˈliəriən/ adj.   [named after J. Kepler German astronomer d. 1630]

kept past and past part.  of KEEP 

keratin /ˈkerətin/ n.  any of a group of fibrous proteins occurring in hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, etc. (出现在头发、羽毛、蹄、爪、角等里的)角蛋白；角质 [Greek keras keratos ‘horn’ + -IN]

keratinize /ˈkerətinaiz, kəˈræt-/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  cover or become covered with a deposit of keratin (使)角化 □ keratinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

keratitis /kerəˈtaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the cornea of the eye 【医】角膜炎 [kerat- denoting the cornea (from Greek keras keratos ‘horn’) + -ITIS]

keratose /ˈkerətəʊs, -z/ adj. (of sponge) composed of a horny substance (海绵目的)角质物的；角质化的 [Greek keras keratos ‘horn’ + -OSE1]

keratotomy /kerəˈtɒtəmi/ n. Med.  a surgical operation involving cutting into the cornea of the eye, esp. (in full 全称 radial keratotomy) to correct myopia 【医】角膜切开术(尤指辐射状多切口角膜切开术) [kerat- denoting the cornea (cf. KERATITIS) + -TOMY]

kerb /kɜ:b/ n. Brit.  a stone edging to a pavement or raised path [英]路缘石，路边镶边石 [variant of CURB]

kerb-crawler n. Brit.  a (usu. male) person who drives slowly near the edge of the road in an attempt to engage a prostitute or harass esp. female passers-by [英] (通常指男性)驾驶汽车沿路缘缓慢行驶以寻找娼妓者 □ kerb-crawling  n.  

kerb drill n. Brit.  precautions, esp. looking to right and left, before crossing a road [英]安全过街操(过街前，先左后右再向左看的训练)

kerbside /ˈkɜ:bsaid/ n. Brit.  the side of a road or pavement nearer the kerb [英]路边，靠近路缘的人行道部分

kerbstone /ˈkɜ:bstəʊn/ n. Brit.  each of a series of stones forming a kerb [英] (街道或人行道边的)路缘石，侧石

kerchief /ˈkɜ:tʃif/ n.  1  a cloth used to cover the head 方头巾，方围巾 2 poet.  a handkerchief [诗]手帕 □ kerchiefed  adj.   [Middle English curchef from Anglo-French courchef, Old French couvrechief, from couvrir COVER + CHIEF ‘head’]

kerf /kɜ:f/ n.  1  a slit made by cutting, esp. with a saw (尤指锯的)锯缝，割缝 2  the cut end of a felled tree (被伐倒树的)截面 [Old English cyrf from Germanic: related to CARVE]

kerfuffle /kəˈfʌf(ə)l/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a fuss or commotion [尤英口]吵闹，混乱；骚乱 [Scots curfuffle from fuffle ‘to disorder’: imitative]

kermes /ˈkɜ:miz/ n.  1 (in full 全称 kermes oak)  a small evergreen oak, Quercus coccifera, of the Mediterranean region 胭脂虫栎，火红栎(产于地中海地区) 2  a  the female of a scale-insect, Kermes ilicis, which forms berry-like galls on the kermes oak 雌胭脂虫b  a red dye made from the dried bodies of these insects 胭脂，胭脂虫红(由雌胭脂虫的干虫体制成的红色染料) 3 (in full 全称 kermes mineral)  a bright red hydrous trisulphide of antimony 橘红硫锑矿，杂红锑矿 [French kermès from Arabic & Persian kirmiz: related to CRIMSON]

kermis /ˈkɜ:mis/ n.  1  a periodical country fair, esp. in the Netherlands (尤指荷兰的)定期露天集市 2 US  a charity bazaar [美]慈善义卖集市，慈善义卖游艺会 [Dutch, originally = a Mass on the anniversary of the dedication of a church, when a yearly fair was held: from kerk (formed as CHURCH) + mis, misse MASS]

kern1 /kɜ:n/ n. & v. Printing 【印刷】  ●n.  the part of a metal type projecting beyond its body or shank (西文铅字上下突出字身的)出格部分 ●v. tr.  1  provide (type) with kerns; make (letters) overlap 使(西文字母或铅字)具有出格部分；使(字母)出格部分搭借 2  adjust the spacing between (characters) 使(西文铅字的出格部分)间格匀称 □ kerned  adj.   [perhaps from French carne ‘corner’ via Old French charne from Latin cardo cardinis ‘hinge’]

kern2 /kɜ:n/ n. (also 亦作 kerne)  1 hist.  a light-armed Irish foot soldier [史义] (爱尔兰的)轻武器步兵 2 archaic  a peasant; a rustic [古义]农民，乡巴佬 [Middle English from Irish ceithern]

kernel /ˈkɜ:n(ə)l/ n.  1  a central, softer, usu. edible part within a hard shell of a nut, fruit stone, seed, etc. (果仁、果核或种子的)仁 2  the whole seed of a cereal (谷物的)颗粒，子 3  the nucleus or essential part of anything 核心，中心，要点 [Old English cyrnel, diminutive of CORN1]

kerosene /ˈkerəsi:n/ n. (also 亦作 kerosine) esp. US  a fuel oil suitable for use in jet engines and domestic heating boilers; paraffin oil [尤美]煤油，火油 [Greek kēros ‘wax’ + -ENE]

Kerry /ˈkeri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an animal of a breed of small black dairy cattle 克雷牛(黑色小乳牛) 2  this breed 克雷牛种 [Kerry, a county in Ireland, where the breed originated]

Kerry blue /ˈkeri/ n.  1  a terrier of a breed with a silky blue-grey coat 爱尔兰青猎犬(一种有浅青色丝状毛的猎犬) 2  this breed 爱尔兰青猎犬种 [as KERRY]

kersey /ˈkɜ:zi/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a kind of coarse narrow cloth woven from short-stapled wool, usu. ribbed (通常带突状罗纹的)克尔赛手织粗呢；克尔赛密绒厚呢 2  a variety of this 克尔赛呢 [Middle English, probably from Kersey in Suffolk]

kerseymere /ˈkɜ:zimiə/ n.  a twilled fine woollen cloth 克尔赛梅尔短绒大衣呢 [alteration of cassimere, variant of CASHMERE, assimilated to KERSEY]

keskidee var.  of KISKADEE  KISKADEE 的变体

kestrel /ˈkestr(ə)l/ n.  any small falcon, esp. Falco tinnunculus, which hovers while searching for its prey 隼(尤指红隼) [Middle English castrell, perhaps from French dialect casserelle, French créc(er)elle, perhaps imitative of its cry]

ketamine /ˈki:təmi:n/ n.  an anaesthetic and pain-killing drug, also used (illicitly) as a hallucinogen 克他命(高效麻醉剂，亦非法用作幻觉剂) [KETONE + AMINE]

ketch /ketʃ/ n.  a two-masted fore-and-aft rigged sailing boat with a mizzen-mast stepped forward of the rudder and smaller than its foremast 双桅纵帆船 [Middle English catche, probably from CATCH]

ketchup /ˈketʃəp, -ʌp/ n. (also 亦作 catchup /ˈkætʃʌp/, US [美] catsup /ˈkætsəp/)  a spicy sauce made from tomatoes, mushrooms, vinegar, etc., used as a condiment (由蕃茄、蘑菇、醋等制成，作调料的)番茄酱，蕃茄沙司 [perhaps from Cantonese k'ē chap ‘tomato juice’]

ketone /ˈki:təʊn/ n.  any of a class of organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by a carbonyl group, e.g. propanone (acetone) 酮(如丙酮) □ ketonic  /kiˈtɒnik/ adj.   [German Keton, alteration of Aketon ACETONE]

ketone body n. Biochem.  each of three related compounds including acetone produced during the metabolism of fats 【生化】酮体

ketonuria /ki:tə(ʊ)ˈnjʊəriə/ n.  the excretion of abnormally large amounts of ketone bodies in the urine, characteristic of diabetes mellitus, starvation, etc. 酮尿；酮尿症(以糖尿病、饥饿等为特征)

ketosis /kiˈtəʊsis/ n.  a condition characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body, associated with fat metabolism and diabetes mellitus 酮病(特征为体内酮体生成过多与脂肪代谢和糖尿病有关联) □ ketotic  /-ˈtɒtik/ adj.  

kettle /ˈket(ə)l/ n.  a vessel, usu. of metal with a lid, spout, and handle, for boiling water in (通常烧水用的金属)水壶 □ a different kettle of fish   a different matter altogether 截然不同的事物□ a pretty (or fine) kettle of fish   an awkward state of affairs 难办的事，尴尬的局面□ kettleful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old Norse ketill, ultimately from Latin catillus, diminutive of catinus ‘deep food-vessel’]

kettledrum /ˈket(ə)ldrʌm/ n.  a large drum shaped like a bowl with a membrane adjustable for tension (and so pitch) stretched across 定音鼓，铜鼓 □ kettledrummer  n.  

kettle hole n.  a depression in the ground resulting from the melting of an ice block trapped in glacial deposits 锅穴(沉积的冰块溶化后产生的凹陷)

Kev /kev/   凯夫 [人名]

keV abbr.  kilo-electronvolt [缩略]千电子伏特

Kevin /ˈkevin/   凯文 [人名]

Kevlar /ˈkevlɑ:/ n. propr.  a synthetic fibre of high tensile strength used esp. as a reinforcing agent in the manufacture of rubber products, e.g. tyres [商标]凯夫拉尔，纤维 B (强拉力合成纤维，尤可作橡胶制品生产的增强剂，如轮胎)

kewpie /ˈkju:pi/ n.  a small chubby doll with wings and a curl or topknot 丘比特娃娃(有双翅卷发的胖脸娃娃) [CUPID + -IE]

key1 /ki:/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. keys)  1  an instrument, usu. of metal, for moving the bolt of a lock forwards or backwards to lock or unlock (通常金属)钥匙 2  a similar implement for operating a switch in the form of a lock 类似钥匙的器具 3  an instrument for grasping screws, pegs, nuts, etc., esp. one for winding a clock etc. (上螺丝、螺母和螺栓，尤指上钟表发条等用的)钥匙，扳手 4  a lever depressed by the finger in playing the organ, piano, flute, concertina, etc. (风琴、钢琴、长笛、六角手风琴等的)键 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  each of several buttons for operating a typewriter, word processor, computer terminal, etc. (打字机、文字处理机、电脑终端等的)键 6  a thing that gives or precludes the opportunity for, or access to, something (达到目的等的)方法，关键，要诀 7 (作 attrib.)  essential; of vital importance 要素；关键  the key element in the problem  问题的关键因素 8  a place that by its position gives control of a sea, territory, etc. (控制海洋、领土等的)要冲，门户 9  a  a solution or explanation 答案，解释b  a word or system for solving a cipher or code 密码(本)c  an explanatory list of symbols used in a map, table, etc. (地图、图表等)略语表，符号表，凡列d  a book of solutions to mathematical problems etc. (数学题等的)题解册，解答书e  a literal translation of a book written in a foreign language (外语书本的)直译本f  the first move in a chess problem solution (下棋的)关键一着 10 Mus.  a group of notes based on a particular note and comprising a scale, regarded as a unit forming the tonal basis of a piece of music 【音】调，主音  a study in the key of C major  C 大调练习曲 11  a tone or style of thought or expression (思想、表达等的)基调，调子 12  a piece of wood or metal inserted between others to secure them 楔，销子 13  the part of a first coat of wall plaster that passes between the laths and so secures the rest 板条间灰泥 14  the roughness of a surface, helping the adhesion of plaster etc. (有助粘附灰泥的)粗糙表面 15  the samara of a sycamore etc. (悬铃木等的)翅果 16  a mechanical device for making or breaking an electric circuit, e.g. in telegraphy (如用于电报机的)电键，电钥 ●v. tr. (keys, keyed)  1 (foll. by 后跟 in, on, etc.)  fasten with a pin, wedge, bolt, etc. 插上(楔、栓、销子等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  enter (data) by means of a keyboard 用键盘输入(数据) 3  roughen (a surface) to help the adhesion of plaster etc. 将(表面)弄毛糙(为便于粘附泥浆等) 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  align or link (one thing to another) 使(一物与另一物)协调；使连接 5  regulate the pitch of the strings of (a violin etc.) 为(小提琴等)调音 6  word (an advertisement in a particular periodical) so that answers to it can be identified (usu. by varying the form of address given) 给(某报刊的广告)标索引字(或标号) (以便能识别对广告的反应；通常用变换所给地址的方式) □ key up  (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  make (a person) nervous or tense; excite 使(某人)提心吊胆(紧张或激动)□ keyer  n.  □ keyless  adj.   [Old English cœˉg, of unknown origin]

key2 /ki:/ n.  a low-lying island or reef, esp. in the W. Indies (cf. 参见 CAY) (尤指西印度群岛的)低岛；礁 [Spanish cayo ‘shoal, reef’, influenced by QUAY]

keyboard /ˈki:bɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of keys on a typewriter, computer, piano, etc. (打字机、计算机、钢琴等)键盘 2  an electronic musical instrument with keys arranged as on a piano 电子琴 ●v.  1 tr.  enter (data) by means of a keyboard 用键盘输入(数据) 2 intr.  work at a keyboard 用键盘进行操纵 □ keyboarder  n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ keyboardist  n. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)  

keyholder /ˈki:həʊldə/ n.  a person who has a key to a place, esp. to an office or factory 掌管钥匙的人(尤指掌管办公室或工厂钥匙的人)

keyhole /ˈki:həʊl/ n.  a hole by which a key is put into a lock 锁眼，钥匙孔

keyhole surgery n.  minimally invasive surgery carried out through a very small incision 切口极小的外科手术；腹腔镜手术

key industry n.  an industry essential to the carrying on of others, e.g. coal mining, dyeing 基本工业，主要工业(如采矿、印染)

key map n.  a map in bare outline, to simplify the use of a full map 索引图，总图

key money n. Brit.  a payment demanded from an incoming tenant for the provision of a key to the premises [英] (新房客取钥匙时付的)押金，钥匙费

Keynesian /ˈkeinziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the economic theories of J. M. Keynes (d. 1946), esp. regarding state control of the economy through money and taxation (有关)凯恩斯主义的(凯恩斯的经济理论，尤主张采用国家通过货币和税收控制经济的政策，凯恩斯死于 1946 年) ●n.  an adherent of these theories 凯恩斯主义的拥护者 □ Keynesianism  n.  

keynote /ˈki:nəʊt/ n.  1  a prevailing tone or idea 基调，要旨  the keynote of the whole occasion  整个场合的基调 2 (作 attrib.)  intended to set the prevailing tone at a meeting or conference (在会议上)定调子的发言  keynote address  基调演说 3 Mus.  the note on which a key is based 【音】主音

keypad /ˈki:pæd/ n.  a miniature keyboard or set of buttons for operating a portable electronic device, telephone, etc. (电子仪器，电话等的)小型键盘，袖珍键盘

keypunch /ˈki:pʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a device for transferring data by means of punched holes or notches on a series of cards or paper tape 键盘穿孔机 ●v. tr.  transfer (data) by means of a keypunch 用键盘穿孔机记录(资料) □ keypuncher  n.  

keyring /ˈki:riŋ/ n.  a ring for keeping keys on 钥匙圈

key signature n. Mus.  any of several combinations of sharps or flats after the clef at the beginning of each staff indicating the key of a composition 【音】调号

keystone /ˈki:stəʊn/ n.  1  the central principle of a system, policy, etc., on which all the rest depends (体系、政策等的)主旨；基本原则；基础 2  a central stone at the summit of an arch locking the whole together 拱顶石

keystroke /ˈki:strəʊk/ n.  a single depression of a key on a keyboard, esp. as a measure of work (在打字机键盘上的)一次按击(尤作为工作计量单位)

keyway /ˈki:wei/ n.  a slot for receiving a machined key 钥匙槽；键槽

keyword /ˈki:wɜ:d/ n.  1  the key to a cipher etc. (密码、暗号等的)关键词 2  a  a word of great significance 重要的字b  an informative word used in an information retrieval system to indicate the content of a document etc. (用于检索系统指明文件等内容的)关键词

KG abbr. (in the UK) Knight of the Order of the Garter [缩略] (英国)嘉德勋爵士

kg abbr. [缩略]  kilogram(s) 

KGB n.  the state security police of the former USSR from 1954 克格勃(从 1954 年起前苏联国家安全委员会的略称) [Russian, abbreviation of Komitet gosudarstvennoĭ bezopasnosti ‘committee of state security’]

Kgs. abbr.  Kings (Old Testament) [缩略] (《旧约》中的)《列王记上》；《列王记下》

khaddar /ˈkædə/ n.  Indian homespun cloth (印度)手织白粗布 [Hindi]

khaki /ˈkɑ:ki/ adj. & n. ●adj.  dull brownish yellow in colour 卡其色的，土黄色的 ●n. (pl. khakis)  1  khaki fabric of twilled cotton or wool, used esp. in military dress (尤指做军装的)卡其布，卡其毛料 2  the dull brownish-yellow colour of this 卡其黄，土黄色 [Urdu kɑˉkī ‘dust-coloured’ from kɑˉk ‘dust’]■Usage 用法说明 In the military sense (see sense 1 of the noun above), this term has now been largely replaced by olive drab. 从军用意义上讲(见上面名词释义 1) ，本词条现已被 olive drab (灰橄榄色)所取代。 

khalasi /kəˈlæsi/ n. (pl. khalasis) (in the Indian subcontinent) a native servant or labourer, esp. one employed as a seaman (印度次大陆)当地的仆人(或劳工) (尤指被雇做水手的人) [Hindustani]

khamsin /ˈkæmsin/ n. (also 亦作 hamsin /ˈhæ-/)  an oppressive hot south or south-east wind occurring in Egypt for about 50 days in March, April, and May 喀新风(埃及的一种干热南来或东南来风；) 喀新热浪(埃及的一种干热南来或东南来风，从 3 月吹到 5 月约 50 天) [Arabic kamsīn from kamsūn ‘fifty’]

khan1 /kɑ:n, kæn/ n.  1  a title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, etc. 汗(中亚、阿富汗等对官员的称号) 2 hist. [史义]  a  the supreme ruler of the Turkish, Tartar, and Mongol tribes 可汗(对土耳其、鞑靼、蒙古部族最高统治者的称号)b  the emperor of China in the Middle Ages 可汗，汗(中世纪中国皇帝的称号) □ khanate  n.   [Turkic kɑˉn ‘lord’]

khan2 /kɑ:n, kæn/ n.  a caravanserai (土耳其等亚洲国家的)简陋客栈，商队客店 [Arabic kɑˉn ‘inn’]

Khartoum /kɑ:ˈtu:m/ n.  喀土穆 [苏丹首都]

khat /kɑ:t/ n.  1  a shrub, Catha edulis, grown in Arabia 阿拉伯茶 2  the leaves of this shrub, chewed or infused as a stimulant 阿拉伯茶叶 [Arabic kɑˉt]

Khedive /kiˈdi:v/ n. hist.  the title of the viceroy of Egypt under Turkish rule 1867 － 1914 [史义]赫迪夫 (1867 至 1914 年间土耳其授予埃及总督的称号) □ Khedival  adj.  □ Khedivial  adj.   [French khédive, ultimately from Persian kadīv ‘prince’]

Khmer /kmɛə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of the ancient Khmer kingdom in SE Asia, or of modern Cambodia 高棉人 2  the language of the Khmers 高棉语 ●adj.  of the Khmers or their language 高棉人的；高棉语的 [native name]

khus-khus /ˈkʌskʌs/ n. (also 亦作 cuscus)  the aromatic fibrous root of an Indian grass, Vetiveria zizanaoides, used for making fans, screens, etc. (印度)须芒草根(其纤维可制扇、织帘等) [Urdu kaškaš]

kHz abbr. [缩略]  kilohertz 

kiang /kiˈæŋ/ n.  a wild ass, Equus hemionus, of a race native to China's Tibet with a thick furry coat 骞驴，亚洲野驴(原产于中国西藏) [Tibetan kyang]

kibble1 /ˈkib(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  grind or chop (dried corn, beans, etc.) coarsely 把(干玉米、豆子等)磨成粗粒 ●n. N. Amer.  ground meal shaped into pellets esp. for pet food [北美]粗磨食物(尤指猫、狗食) [18th c.: origin unknown]

kibble2 /ˈkib(ə)l/ n. Brit.  an iron hoisting bucket used in mines [英] (矿井用)吊桶 [German Kübel from medieval Latin cupellus, ‘corn-measure’, diminutive of cuppa ‘cup’]

kibbutz /kiˈbʊts/ n. (pl. kibbutzim /-ˈtsi:m/)  a communal esp. farming settlement in Israel 基布兹(以色列的合作居留地，尤指合作农场) [modern Hebrew kibbūs ‘gathering’]

kibbutznik /kiˈbʊtsnik/ n.  a member of a kibbutz (以色列)基布兹成员 [Yiddish (as KIBBUTZ)]

kibe /kaib/ n.  an ulcerated chilblain, esp. on the heel (尤指生在脚后跟的)冻疮 [Middle English, probably from Welsh cibi]

kibitka /kiˈbitkə/ n.  1  a type of Russian hooded sledge (俄罗斯人的)有篷顶的雪橇 2  a  a Tartar's circular tent, covered with felt (鞑靼人的)圆形帐篷b  a Tartar household (鞑靼人的)家庭 [Russian from Tartar kibitz]

kibitz /ˈkibits/ v. intr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  act as a kibitzer [尤北美口]乱出主意；多管闲事 [Yiddish from German kiebitzen (as KIBITZER)]

kibitzer /ˈkibitsə, kiˈbitsə/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  an onlooker at cards etc., esp. one who offers unwanted advice 旁观牌局(棋局等)的人(尤指爱支招儿的人) 2  a busybody, a meddler 多管闲事的人；乱出主意的人 [Yiddish kibitser from German Kiebitz ‘lapwing, busybody’]

kiblah /ˈkiblə/ n. (also 亦作 qibla)  1  the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer (伊斯兰教)教徒的礼拜方向(即朝拜麦加圣堂的方向) 2  = MIHRAB  [Arabic kibla ‘that which is opposite’]

kibosh /ˈkaibɒʃ/ n. (also 亦作 kybosh) slang  nonsense [俚语]胡说 □ put the kibosh on   put an end to; finally dispose of 结束；阻止，挫败 [19th c.: origin unknown]

kick1 /kik/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  strike or propel forcibly with the foot or hoof etc. (用脚、蹄等)踢 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, against)  a  strike out with the foot (用脚)踢b  express annoyance at or dislike of (treatment, a proposal, etc.); rebel against 埋怨； (对待、建议等)反对；反抗 3 tr. colloq.  give up (a habit) [口]戒绝(恶习) 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out etc.)  expel or dismiss forcibly 开除；撵走 5 refl.  be annoyed with oneself 自责；内疚  I'll kick myself if I'm wrong  如果我错了，我会很内疚 6 tr. Football  score (a goal) by a kick 【足球】射门得分 7 intr. Cricket (of a ball) rise sharply from the pitch 【板球】(球)高高弹起 8 intr. (as 作 kicking adj.) slang  lively, exciting; excellent [俚语]生气勃勃的，活泼的；令人兴奋的；极好的 ●n.  1  a  a blow with the foot or hoof etc. (用脚、蹄等)踢脚b  the delivery of such a blow 踢 2 colloq. [口]  a  a sharp stimulant effect, esp. of alcohol (尤指酒的)刺激性  has some kick in it  那酒有点劲 a cocktail with a kick in it  有点劲儿的鸡尾酒b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a pleasurable thrill 极大的乐趣；极度的快感  did it just for kicks  仅为取乐而做此事 got a kick out of flying  从飞行中得到极大的乐趣 3  strength, resilience 气力；精力，活力  have no kick left  已精疲力竭 4 colloq.  a specified temporary interest or enthusiasm [口]一时的爱好(或狂热)  on a jogging kick  一时热衷于慢跑 5  the recoil of a gun when discharged (枪射击时的)反冲 6 Brit. Football colloq.  a player of specified kicking ability (is a good kick) [英]【足球】[口] (有技能的)球员 □ kick about (or around)  colloq. [口]  1  a  drift idly from place to place (漫无目的地)到处游荡b  be unused or unwanted 未被使用；被闲置于 2  a  treat roughly or scornfully 粗暴地对待，轻蔑地对待b  discuss (an idea) unsystematically 非正式讨论(想法等)□ kick against the pricks   see 见 PRICK □ kick ass (or some ass)  N. Amer. coarse slang  act forcefully or in a domineering manner (cf. 参见 KICK-ASS) [北美] [粗俗俚语]举止粗暴，专横拨扈□ kick the bucket  slang  die [俚语]死，蹬腿儿□ kick one's heels   see 见 HEEL1 □ kick in   1  knock down (a door etc.) by kicking (把门等)踢开；破门而入 2 esp. US slang  contribute (esp. money); pay one's share [尤美] [俚语]捐助(尤指钱；) 缴付(自己应付的一份) 3  become activated, start 接通，开启□ kick in the pants (or teeth)  colloq.  a humiliating punishment or setback [口]羞辱性的惩罚；侮辱□ kick off   1  a Football  begin or resume a match 【足球】开球； (中圈)开球； (比赛)开始b colloq.  begin [口]开始；启动 2  remove (shoes etc.) by kicking 挥脚踢掉(鞋等)□ kick over the traces   see 见 TRACE2 □ kick up (or kick up a fuss, dust, etc.)  colloq.  create a disturbance; object or register strong disapproval [口]起哄；闹事；骚动□ kick up one's heels   frolic 尽情享乐；高兴得跳起来□ kick a person upstairs  colloq.  shelve a person by giving him or her ostensible promotion or a title [口]使人明升暗降□ kickable  adj.  □ kicker  n.   [Middle English kike, of unknown origin]

kick2 /kik/ n.  an indentation in the bottom of a glass bottle (玻璃瓶的)凹底 [19th c.: origin unknown]

kick-ass adj. N. Amer. coarse slang  forceful, aggressive, domineering (cf. 参见 kick ass (KICK1)) [北美] [粗俗俚语]粗暴的，专横的，强大的

kickback /ˈkikbæk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  the force of a recoil 强烈反应；反冲力 2  payment for collaboration, esp. collaboration for illicit profit (尤指不合法的)酬金；回扣

kickball /ˈkikbɔ:l/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  football (played informally by kicking a ball, as distinct from e.g. American football) 儿童足球戏(随意踢的一种球类活动，有别于美式足球) 2  a football for kicking (踢的)足球

kick-boxing n.  a form of boxing characterized by the use of blows with the feet as well as with gloved fists 跆拳道(一种用脚踢与拳击动作融为一体的武术运动)

kick-down n. Brit.  a device for changing gear in a motor vehicle by full depression of the accelerator [英] (机动车的)换低档；换低档装置

kick-off n.  1 Football  the start or resumption of a match 【足球】开球；中圈开球 2 (in phr. 用于短语 for a kick-off) Brit. colloq.  a start [英口]开始  that's wrong for a kick-off  开始就错了

kick-pleat n.  a pleat in a narrow skirt to allow freedom of movement (小腰身裙子上的)褶裥

kickshaw /ˈkikʃɔ:/ n.  1 archaic, usu. derog.  a fancy dish in cookery [古义] [通常贬]精美菜肴 2  something elegant but insubstantial; a toy or trinket 华而不实的东西；小玩意；小饰物 [French quelque chose ‘something’]

kicksorter /ˈkiksɔ:tə/ n. colloq.  a device for analysing electrical pulses according to amplitude [口]振幅分析器；脉冲幅度分析器

kickstand /ˈkikstænd/ n.  a rod attached to a bicycle or motorcycle and kicked into a vertical position to support the vehicle when stationary (自行车或摩托车的)撑脚架，支架

kick-start n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 kick-starter)  a device to start the engine of a motorcycle etc. by the downward thrust of a pedal (摩托车等的)脚踏起动器，摩托起动器 2  an act of starting a motorcycle etc. in this way (摩托车等)脚踏起动器的启动 3  an impetus given to get a thing started or restarted 最初推动力；原动力 ●v. tr.  1  start (a motorcycle etc.) in this way 用脚踏启动器启动(摩托车等) 2  start or restart (a process etc.) by providing some initial impetus 提供动量启动(或重新启动) (程序等)

kick-turn n.  a standing turn in skiing (滑雪中的)立定转弯

kid1 /kid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a young goat 小山羊 2  the leather made from its skin 小山羊(毛)皮 3 colloq.  a child or young person [口]小孩；小伙子(或小丫头) ●v. intr. (kidded, kidding) (of a goat) give birth (山羊)产羔 □ handle with kid gloves   handle in a gentle, delicate, or excessively tactful manner 以温和(或圆通)的手段对待(或处理)□ kids' stuff  slang  something very simple [俚语]非常简单的东西 [Middle English kide from Old Norse kith, from Germanic]

kid2 /kid/ v. (kidded, kidding) colloq. [口]  1 tr. & refl.  deceive, trick 欺骗；哄骗  don't kid yourself  别欺骗自己 kidded his mother that he was ill  哄骗他母亲他生病了 2 tr. & intr.  tease 戏弄，取笑  only kidding  不过是在开玩笑 □ no kidding (or kid)  slang  that is the truth [俚语]这是真的；不是玩笑□ kidder  n.  □ kiddingly  adv.   [perhaps from KID1]

kid3 /kid/ n. hist.  a small wooden tub, esp. a sailor's mess tub for grog or rations [史义] (尤指旧时水手食堂盛饭菜用的)小木桶 [perhaps a variant of KIT1]

kid brother n. (also 亦作 kid sister) colloq.  a younger brother or sister [口]弟弟(或妹妹)

Kidderminster carpet /ˈkidəminstə/ n.  a carpet made of two cloths of different colours woven together so that the carpet is reversible 基德明斯特地毯(双面提花地毯) [Kidderminster in Hereford and Worcester, England]

kiddie /ˈkidi/ n. (also 亦作 kiddy) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  = KID1n. 3 

kiddle /ˈkid(ə)l/ n.  1  a barrier in a river, having an opening fitted with nets etc. to catch fish 鱼筑(筑在河中的栅栏，留一小口安上网等以捕鱼) 2  an arrangement of fishing nets hung on stakes along the seashore (沿海滩)挂在桩上的鱼网 [Middle English from Anglo-French kidel, Old French quidel, guidel]

kiddo /ˈkidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口] (esp. as a form of address 尤作称呼语)  = KID1n. 3 

kiddy var.  of KIDDIE  KIDDIE 的变体

kid-glove attrib. adj.  dainty or delicate 轻巧精致的；纤弱的；小心谨慎的  expects kid-glove treatment  期待精心的招待

kidnap /ˈkidnæp/ v. tr. (kidnapped, kidnapping; US [美] kidnaped, kidnaping)  carry off (a person etc.) by illegal force or deception, esp. to obtain a ransom 诱拐；绑架；劫持(人等) (尤指为得到赎金) □ kidnapper  n.   [back-formation from kidnapper, from KID1 + nap = NAB]

kidney /ˈkidni/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  either of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood and excrete urine 肾，肾脏 2  the kidney of a sheep, ox, or pig as food (可食用的羊、牛或猪的)腰子 3  temperament, nature, kind 个性，脾气；类型  a man of that kidney  那种类型的人 of the right kidney  脾气好的人 [Middle English kidnei, pl. kidneiren, apparently partly from ei EGG1]

kidney bean n.  a kidney-shaped bean, esp. a dark red one from a dwarf French bean plant 干菜豆、干云豆(尤指一种矮杆法国豆科植物结的深红色的豆)

kidney dish n.  a kidney-shaped dish, esp. one used in surgery (尤指用于外科手术的)肾形盘

kidney machine n.  = ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY 

kidney-shaped adj.  shaped like a kidney, with one side concave and the other convex 肾形的，腰子形的

kidney vetch n.  a yellow-flowered leguminous plant, Anthyllis vulneraria, found in grassland Also called 亦称作 lady's finger 疗伤绒毛花

kid sister  see 见 KID BROTHER 

kidskin /ˈkidskin/ n.  = KID1n. 2 

kidvid /ˈkidvid/ n. slang [俚语]  1  children's television or video entertainment 儿童电视(录像)节目 2  a children's programme or videotape 儿童节目(或录像带) [portmanteau word from kids' video]

kiekie /ˈki:ki:/ n.  a New Zealand climbing plant with edible bracts, and leaves which are used for basket-making etc. 基基藤(新西兰露兜树科攀缘植物，苞片可食用，叶可编筐等) [Maori]

kieselguhr /ˈki:z(ə)lɡʊə/ n.  a soft friable porous form of diatomite used as a filter, filler, insulator, etc., in various manufacturing processes Also called 亦称作 diatomaceous earth (可用作过滤、填充物或绝缘体的)硅藻土 [German, from Kiesel ‘gravel’ + dialect Guhr ‘earthy deposit’]

Kiev /ˈki:ef/ n.  基辅 [乌克兰首都]

kif var.  of KEF  KEF 的变体

kike /kaik/ n. esp. US slang offens.  a Jew [尤美] [俚语] [冒犯]犹太佬 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Kikuyu /kiˈku:ju:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Kikuyus)  1  a member of an agricultural Negro people, the largest Bantu-speaking group in Kenya 吉库尤人(肯尼亚讲班图语，人数最多的黑人农业居民) 2  the language of this people 吉库尤语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)吉库尤人的； (有关)吉库尤语的 [native name]

kilderkin /ˈkildəkin/ n.  1  a cask for liquids etc., holding 16 or 18 gallons 基尔德坎(液体等容量单位，相当于 16 或 18 加仑) 2  this measure 此容量的量器 [Middle English, alteration of kinderkin from Middle Dutch kinde(r)kin, kinneken, diminutive of kintal QUINTAL]

kilim /kiˈli:m, ˈki:lim/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pileless woven carpet, rug, etc., made in Turkey, Kurdistan, and neighbouring areas 基里姆地毯(花毯等) (无毛绒的双面毯，产于土耳其、库尔德斯坦及其邻近地区) ●attrib. adj.  designating such a carpet, rug, etc. 基里姆地毯(花毯等)的 [Turkish from Persian gelīm]

kill /kil/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  deprive of life or vitality; put to death; cause the death of 杀死；剥夺…的生命；杀害；扼杀b (absol. [含宾])  cause or bring about death 使得死亡；引起死亡  must kill to survive  必须杀了才能逃生，不是他死就是我活 2  destroy; put an end to (feelings etc.) 毁灭；消灭；使(感情等)完全消失  overwork killed my enthusiasm  过度工作扼杀了我的热情 3 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 pres. part.) colloq. [口]  a  overexert oneself 使自己过分努力；竭尽全力  don't kill yourself lifting them all at once  不要勉强一下子把它们都解决了b  laugh heartily 开怀大笑 4 colloq.  overwhelm (a person) with amusement, delight, etc. [口] (用乐趣、乐事等)使(人)倾倒；使折服；使着迷  the things he says really kill me  他讲的事确实让我着迷 5  switch off (a spotlight, engine, etc.) 关掉(聚光灯、发动机等) 6 colloq.  delete (a line, paragraph, etc.) from a computer file [口]从计算机文件中删除(一行、一段等) 7 colloq.  cause pain or discomfort to [口]使痛苦；使极不舒服  my feet are killing me  我的脚疼死我了 8  pass (time, or a specified amount of it), usu. while waiting for a specific event (通常等候某一特殊事件)消磨(一段时间)  had an hour to kill before the interview  面试前还有 1 小时打发 9  defeat (a bill in Parliament) 否决，使(议会的议案)不得通过 10 colloq.  consume the entire contents of (a bottle of wine etc.) [口]喝光(一瓶酒等) 11  a Tennis  etc. hit (the ball) so skilfully that it cannot be returned 【网球】扣杀(球)b  stop (the ball) dead 停(球) 12  neutralize or render ineffective (taste, sound, colour, etc.) 中和；抵消；消除(味道、声音、色彩等)的效果  thick carpet killed the sound of footsteps  厚地毯可消除脚步声 ●n.  1  an act of killing (esp. an animal) 杀死；捕杀(尤指动物) 2  an animal or animals killed, esp. by a hunter 被杀死的动物；(尤指猎人狩猎的)猎获物 3 colloq.  the destruction or disablement of an enemy aircraft, submarine, etc. [口]击落(敌机), 击沉(敌舰等) □ dressed to kill   dressed showily, seductively, or impressively 打扮得花枝招展□ in at the kill   present at or benefiting from the successful conclusion of an enterprise 获胜时在场；获胜时受益□ kill off   1  get rid of or destroy completely (esp. a number of persons or things) 灭绝，杀光(尤指许多人或物) 2 (of an author) bring about the death of (a fictional character) (作者)让(角色人物)死去□ kill or cure  (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Brit. (of a remedy etc.) drastic, extreme [英] (治疗等)要么治死要么治好□ kill two birds with one stone   achieve two aims at once 一石二鸟，一举两得，一箭双雕□ kill with kindness   spoil (a person) with over-indulgence 过分宠爱而惯坏，溺爱害(人) [Middle English cülle, kille, perhaps ultimately related to QUELL]

killdeer /ˈkildiə/ n.  a large American plover, Charadrius vociferus, with a plaintive song (美洲)喧鸻(会发出刺耳的哀鸣声) [imitative of its call]

killer /ˈkilə/ n.  1  a  a person, animal, or thing that kills 杀生的人(动物或事物)b  a murderer 杀人犯；凶手 2 colloq. [口]  a  an impressive, formidable, or excellent person or thing 仪表动人的人；令人敬佩的人(或事)；穿着讲究的人  this one is quite difficult, but the next one is a real killer  这一位很难相处，但另一位令人心醉b  a hilarious joke 滑稽的玩笑c  a decisive blow 决定性的一击  his brilliant header proved to be the killer  他出色的头球起到了决定性的作用

killer bee n. colloq.  an Africanized honey bee [口]非洲蜜蜂，杀人蜂

killer cell n. Physiol.  a white blood cell which destroys infected or cancerous cells 【生理】杀伤细胞

killer instinct n.  1  an innate tendency to kill 嗜杀本能 2  a ruthless streak 残酷的个性

killer whale n.  a voracious cetacean, Orcinus orca, with a white belly and prominent dorsal fin 逆戟鲸，虎鲸

killick /ˈkilik/ n.  1  a heavy stone used by small craft as an anchor (系泊用的)石锚 2  a small anchor 小型锚 3 Brit. Naut. slang  a leading seaman [英]【海】[俚语]海军一等水兵 [17th c.: origin unknown]

killifish /ˈkilifiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any small freshwater or brackish-water fish of the family Cyprinodontidae or Poeciliidae, often brightly coloured and kept in aquaria, esp. one of the genus Fundulus of eastern N. America, or Pterolebias of the upper Amazon 鳉科鱼(尤指底鳉) [perhaps from US dialect kill ‘stream’ from Dutch kil + FISH1]

killing /ˈkiliŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the causing of death 谋杀b  an instance of this 一次谋杀 2  a great (esp. financial) success (尤指经济上的)大的成功  make a killing  发横财 ●adj. colloq. [口]  1  overwhelmingly funny 极其滑稽可笑的 2  exhausting; very strenuous 令人筋疲力竭的；极其紧张的 □ killingly  adv.  

killing bottle n.  a bottle containing poisonous vapour to kill insects collected as specimens 杀虫瓶(内盛毒气，用以杀死昆虫制作标本)

killjoy /ˈkildʒɔi/ n.  a person who throws gloom over or prevents other people's enjoyment 令人扫兴的人

kiln /kiln/ n.  a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, esp. for calcining lime or firing pottery etc. (尤指烧石灰、烘干陶器的)窑 [Old English cylene from Latin culina ‘kitchen’]

kiln-dry v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  dry in a kiln 把…放入窑内烘干

kilo /ˈki:ləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a kilogram 1 千克 2  a kilometre 1 千米 [French: abbreviation]

kilo- /ˈkiləʊ, ˈki:ləʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1,000 (esp. in metric units) (abbr.: k, or K in Computing) [构词成分]表示“千”(尤用于公制) (在计算中的缩略为 k 或 K) [French from Greek khilioi ‘thousand’]

kilobyte /ˈkiləbait/ n. Computing 1,024 (i.e. 210) bytes as a measure of memory size (abbr. 缩略 : KB or kbyte) 【计算】千字节(作为一种存储容量)

kilocalorie /ˈkiləˌkæləri/ n.  = CALORIE 2 

kilocycle /ˈkiləsaik(ə)l/ n.  a former measure of frequency, equivalent to 1 kilohertz (abbr. 缩略 : kc) 千周

kilogram /ˈkiləɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 -gramme)  the SI unit of mass, equivalent to the international standard kept at Sèvres near Paris (approx. 2.205 lb) (abbr. 缩略 : kg) 千克，公斤(约 2.205 磅) [French kilogramme (as KILO-, GRAM1)]

kilohertz /ˈkiləhɜ:ts/ n.  a measure of frequency equivalent to 1,000 cycles per second (abbr. 缩略 : kHz) 千赫(兹)

kilojoule /ˈkilədʒu:l/ n. 1,000 joules, esp. as a measure of the energy value of foods (abbr. 缩略 : kJ) 千焦(耳) (尤作为食品的热值单位)

kilolitre /ˈkiləli:tə/ n. (US [美] -liter) 1,000 litres (equivalent to 220 imperial gallons) (abbr. 缩略 : kl) 千升(相当于 220 英国标准加仑)

kilometre /ˈkiləmi:tə, kiˈlɒmitə/ n. (US [美] kilometer)  a metric unit of measurement equal to 1,000 metres (approx. 0.62 miles) (abbr. 缩略 : km) 千米，公里(约等于 0.62 英里) □ kilometric  /kiləˈmetrik/ adj.   [French kilomètre (as KILO-, METRE1)]

kiloton /ˈkilətʌn/ n. (also 亦作 kilotonne)  a unit of explosive power equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT 千吨(等于 1000 吨梯恩梯炸药的爆炸力)

kilovolt /ˈkiləvɒlt/ n. 1,000 volts (abbr. 缩略 : kV) 千伏(特)

kilowatt /ˈkiləwɒt/ n. 1,000 watts (abbr. 缩略 : kW) 千瓦(特)

kilowatt-hour n.  a measure of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of 1,000 watts for one hour (abbr. 缩略 : kWh) 千瓦(特)时；一度(电)

kilt /kilt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a skirtlike garment, usu. of pleated tartan cloth and reaching to the knees, as traditionally worn by Highland men 苏格兰褶裥短裙(传统上由苏格兰高地男子所穿，裙长至膝，通常由格子花呢缝制) 2  a similar garment worn by women and children 苏格兰褶裥短裙式的女服(或童装) ●v. tr.  1  tuck up (skirts) round the body 卷起(裙子) 2 (esp. as 尤作 kilted adj.)  gather in vertical pleats 使有直褶 □ kilted  adj.   [originally as verb: Middle English, of Scandinavian origin]

kilter /ˈkiltə/ n. (also 亦作 kelter /ˈkel-/)  good working order (esp. 尤用于 out of kilter) 正常运转状态；正常状况 [17th c.: origin unknown]

kiltie /ˈkilti/ n.  a wearer of a kilt, esp. a kilted Highland soldier 穿褶裥短裙的人(尤指穿褶裥短裙的苏格兰高地士兵)

Kim /kim/   金 [人名]

kimberlite /ˈkimbəlait/ n. Mineral.  a rare igneous blue-tinged rock sometimes containing diamonds, found in South Africa and Siberia Also called 亦称作 blue ground 【矿】(南非、西伯利亚等地的)角砾云母橄岩，金伯利岩 [Kimberley, a diamond-mining centre in S. Africa]

kimono /kiˈməʊnəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a long loose Japanese robe worn with a sash (日本)和服 2  a European dressing gown modelled on this (欧洲的)和服式晨衣 □ kimonoed  adj.   [Japanese, from ki ‘wearing’ + mono ‘thing’]

kin /kin/ n. & adj. ●n.  one's relatives or family 家属，亲属 ●predic. adj. (of a person) related (see also 亦见 AKIN) (与某人)有亲属关系的  we are kin  我们是亲属 he is kin to me  他跟我有亲戚关系 □ kith and kin   see 见 KITH □ near of kin   closely related by blood, or in character 有近亲关系的； (在性格上)相类似的□ next of kin   see 见 NEXT OF KIN □ kinless  adj.   [Old English cynn, from Germanic]

-kin /kin/ suffix  forming diminutive nouns (catkin 柔荑花 ; manikin 侏儒) 构成表示“小”的名词 [from or suggested by Middle Dutch -kijn, -ken, Old High German -chin]

kina /ˈki:nə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Papua New Guinea 基那(巴布亚新几内亚货币单位) [Tolai]

kinaesthesia /kinisˈθi:ziə, kain-/ n. (US [美] kinesthesia)  the brain's awareness of the position and movement of the body, limbs, etc., by means of sensory nerves in the muscles and joints (大脑对身体、四肢等的)动觉，运动感觉 □ kinaesthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [Greek kineō ‘move’ + aisthēsis ‘sensation’]

kincob /ˈkiŋkɒb/ n.  a rich Indian fabric embroidered with gold or silver 金考布锦(织入金银丝的印度织锦) [Urdu from Persian kamkɑˉb, from kamkɑˉ ‘damask’]

kind1 /kaind/ n.  1  a  a race or species 人种；(生物)种  human kind  人类b  a natural group of animals, plants, etc. (动、植物的)类；族；种；属  the wolf kind  狼类 2  class, type, sort, variety 种类，方式，类，品种  what kind of job are you looking for?  你在找哪一类的工作？ 3  each of the elements of the Eucharist 圣餐中的每一款  communion under (or in) both kinds  共享圣酒圣饼 4  the manner or fashion natural to a person etc. (某人等自己的)方式  act after their kind  按照他们自己的方式行事 true to kind  一模一样 □ in kind   1  in the same form, likewise 以同样方式，同样地  was insulted and replied in kind  受到侮辱后以同样方式回敬对方 2 (of payment) in goods or labour as opposed to money (指偿付)以实物(或劳动)偿付  received their wages in kind  以领实物的方式抵工资 3  in character or quality 在种类上，在性质上，在本质上  differ in degree but not in kind  程度不同，但性质是一样的□ kind of  colloq.  to some extent [口]有点儿，有几分  felt kind of sorry  感到有点儿歉意 I kind of expected it  我有点儿盼望它□ a kind of   used to imply looseness, vagueness, exaggeration, etc., in the term used (用以表示使用的词不甚确切、含糊、夸大等)一点，几分；颇像  a kind of Jane Austen of our times  像我们时代的简·奥斯汀 I suppose he's a kind of doctor  我认为他真像个医生□ law of kind  archaic  nature in general; the natural order [古义]自然性；自然规律□ nothing of the kind   1  not at all like the thing in question 完全不是所讨论的 2 (expressing denial) not at all (表示否定)一点也不□ of its kind   within the limitations of its own class 属同一种类  good of its kind  同类□ of a kind   1 derog.  scarcely deserving the name [贬]不配称为，名不符实的  a choir of a kind  所谓的合唱 2  similar in some important respect 很相似的；同一类型的  they're two of a kind  他们是一个类型的两个人□ one's own kind   those with whom one has much in common 同类□ something of the kind   something like the thing in question 类似所说的某事 [Old English cynd(e), gecynd(e), from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, these (or those) kind is often encountered when followed by a plural, as in I don't like these kind of films, but this kind or these kinds is usually preferable, e.g. I don't like this (or that) kind of film, I don't like these (or those) kinds of films. 在释义 2 中，常会遇到 these (或 those) kind 的后面跟复数词。例如， I don't like these kind of films (我不喜欢这类电影). 但通常最好用 this kind 或 these kinds 。例如， I don't like this (or that) kind of films (我不喜欢这(或那)类电影)； I don't like these (or those) kinds of films (我不喜欢这些(或那些)种类的电影)。 

kind2 /kaind/ adj.  1  of a friendly, generous, benevolent, or gentle nature 亲切的；厚道的；仁慈的；和蔼的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  showing friendliness, affection, or consideration 友好的；喜欢的；宽容的 3  a  affectionate 温柔亲切的b archaic  loving [古义]钟爱的 [originally = natural, native: Old English gecynde (as KIND1)]

kinda /ˈkaində/ colloq. [口]  = kind of (see 见 KIND1)  [corruption]

kindergarten /ˈkindəɡɑ:t(ə)n/ n.  an establishment for pre-school learning 幼儿园 [German, = children's garden]

kind-hearted adj.  of a kind disposition 好心的；仁慈的 □ kind-heartedly  adv.  □ kind-heartedness  n.  

kindle /ˈkind(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  light or set on fire (a flame, fire, substance, etc.) 点着，点燃(火苗、火焰、物质等) 2 intr.  catch fire, burst into flame 着火，开始燃烧 3 tr.  arouse or inspire 激起；激发  kindle enthusiasm for the project  激起对该项目的热情 kindle jealousy in a rival  点燃对手心中的妒火 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  respond, react (to a person, an action, etc.) 响应；(对人、行为等)产生反应  kindle to his courage  激发了他的勇气 5 intr.  become animated, glow with passion etc. 激动起来；变得生气勃勃；容光焕发  her imagination kindled  她的想像力油然而生 6 tr. & intr.  make or become bright 发亮 , (使)明亮起来  kindle the embers to a glow  使余火明亮起来 □ kindler  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse kynda, influenced by Old Norse kindill ‘candle, torch’]

kindling /ˈkindliŋ/ n.  small sticks etc. for lighting fires 引火柴(引火物等)

kindly1 /ˈkaindli/ adv.  1  in a kind manner 友好地；亲切地  spoke to the child kindly  和蔼地对孩子说话 2 often iron.  used in a polite request or demand [常讽]请(用于客气的请示或要求)  kindly acknowledge this letter  此信收到后请告知 kindly leave me alone  请离开 □ look kindly upon   regard sympathetically 同情地对待□ take a thing kindly   like or be pleased by it 喜爱(欢)某物□ take kindly to   be pleased by or endeared to (a person or thing) 乐意接受(某人、某物)□ thank kindly   thank very much 非常感谢 [Old English gecyndelīce (as KIND2)]

kindly2 /ˈkaindli/ adj. (kindlier, kindliest)  1  kind, kind-hearted 友好的；仁慈的 2 (of climate etc.) pleasant, genial (气候等)宜人的，有利生长的 3 archaic  native-born [古义]土生土长的，本地生的  a kindly Scot  土生土长的苏格兰人 □ kindlily  adv.  □ kindliness  n.   [Old English gecyndelic (as KIND1)]

kindness /ˈkain(d)nis/ n.  1  the state or quality of being kind 好意；仁慈；体贴 2  a kind act 仁慈(或好心的)行为

kindred /ˈkindrid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one's relations, referred to collectively (总称)亲属，家属 2  a relationship by blood 血缘关系，亲属关系 3  a resemblance or affinity in character (性质上的)相似，近似 ●adj.  1  related by blood or marriage 有血缘关系的；姻亲关系的 2  allied or similar in character (性质上)同类的，类似的  other kindred symptoms  其他类似的症状 [Middle English, from KIN + -red from Old English rœden ‘condition’]

kindred spirit n.  a person whose character and outlook have much in common with one's own 志趣(趣味)相投的人

kine /kain/ archaic [古义] pl.  of COW1 

kinematics /kiniˈmætiks, kain-/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion 运动学(力学的一个分支，研究物体的运动，而不考虑其运动的原因) □ kinematic  adj.  □ kinematically  adv.   [Greek kinēma -matos ‘motion’ from kineō ‘move’ + -ICS]

kinematic viscosity n.  a quantity measuring the dynamic viscosity per unit density 运动黏度，运动黏性系数

kinematograph var.  of CINEMATOGRAPH  CINEMATOGRAPH 的变体

kinesics /kiˈni:siks, kai-/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of body movements and gestures which contribute to communication 身势学(指研究用身体动作和身势表意的学科) 2 (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  these movements; body language 表意的身体动作(和身势；) 形体语言 [Greek kinēsis ‘motion’ (as KINETIC)]

kinesiology /kiˌni:siˈɒlədʒi, kai-/ n.  the study of the mechanics of body movements 人体运动学(身体运动的力学) [Greek kinēsis ‘movement’ + -OLOGY]

kinesis /kiˈni:sis, kai-/ n.  1  movement, motion 运动； (物体的)移动 2 Biol.  undirected movement of an organism in response to a stimulus (cf. 参见 TAXIS 2) 【生】由外界刺激所引起机体的无目的运动 3 Zool.  mobility of the bones of the skull, as in some birds and reptiles 【动】(某些鸟类和爬行动物的)颅骨的移动 [Greek kinēsis ‘movement’]

kinesthesia US var.  of KINAESTHESIA [美] KINAESTHESIA 的变体

kinetic /kiˈnetik, kai-/ adj.  of or due to motion 运动的；运动引起的 □ kinetically  adv.   [Greek kinētikos from kineō ‘move’]

kinetic art n.  a form of art that depends on movement for its effect 动态艺术(一种艺术形式)

kinetic energy n.  energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion 动能

kinetics /kiˈnetiks, kai-/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  = DYNAMICS 1a  2  the branch of physical chemistry or biochemistry concerned with measuring and studying the rates of chemical or biochemical reactions 动力学(物理化学或生物化学的分支，测量和研究化学或生化的反应率)

kinetic theory n.  a theory which explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles 分子运动论

kinetin /ˈkainitin/ n. Biochem.  a synthetic kinin used to stimulate cell division in plants 【生化】激动素(促进植物细胞分裂的激素) [as KINETIC + -IN]

kinfolk N. Amer. var.  of KINSFOLK [北美] KINSFOLK 的变体

king /kiŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (as a title usu. 作称号时通常作 King)  a male sovereign, esp. the hereditary ruler of an independent state 君主，国王(尤指独立国家的世袭统治者) 2  a person or thing pre-eminent in a specified field or class (某令域、某界)大王，巨子；重要事物，首屈一指者  railway king  铁路大王 3 (作 attrib.)  a large (or the largest) kind of plant, animal, etc. (植物、动物等)大的(或最大的)  king penguin  帝王企鹅 4 Chess  the piece on each side which the opposing side has to checkmate to win 【棋类】(国际象棋的)王 5  a piece in draughts with extra capacity for moving, made by crowning an ordinary piece that has reached the opponent's baseline (国际跳棋的)王棋(抵对方底线升为王的棋子) 6  a court card bearing a representation of a king and usu. ranking next below an ace (人头牌中的) K (通常地位仅次于 A 纸牌) 7 (作 the King) (in the UK) the national anthem when there is a male sovereign (当英国由国王统治时的)国歌 8 (作 Kings or Books of Kings)  two Old Testament books dealing with history, esp. of the kingdom of Judah (《圣经·旧约》中的)《列王记上》，《列王记下》(尤指犹太王国的历史) ●v. tr.  make (a person) king 立(某人)为王 □ king it   1  play or act the king 占统治地位；称王称霸 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  govern, control 统治；掌管；控制□ kinghood  n.  □ kingless  adj.  □ kinglike  adj.  □ kingly  adj.  □ kingliness  n.  □ kingship  n.   [Old English cyning, cyng, from Germanic]

kingbird /ˈkiŋbɜ:d/ n.  any flycatcher of the genus Tyrannus, with olive-grey plumage and long pointed wings 美洲食蜂鹟

kingbolt /ˈkiŋbəʊlt/ n.  = KINGPIN 

King Charles spaniel /tʃɑ:lz/ n.  1  a spaniel of a small black and tan breed 玳瑁獚(一种黑褐杂色小犬) 2  this breed 玳瑁獚种

king cobra n.  a large and venomous hooded Indian snake, Ophiophagus hannah 眼镜王蛇(产于印度)

king crab n.  1  = HORSESHOE CRAB  2 US  any of various large edible spider crabs [美] (大的可食用的)蜘蛛蟹

kingcraft /ˈkiŋkrɑ:ft/ n. archaic  the skilful exercise of kingship [古义]君主的统治权术；君主之道

kingcup /ˈkiŋkʌp/ n. Brit.  a marsh marigold [英]驴蹄草

kingdom /ˈkiŋdəm/ n.  1  an organized community headed by a king 王国 2  the territory subject to a king 君主的国土 3  a  the spiritual reign attributed to God 上帝的统治；神权  Thy kingdom come  你的天国，你的来世b  the sphere of this 天国  kingdom of heaven  天之国 4  a domain belonging to a person, animal, etc. 个人(动物等)领域 5  a province of nature (大自然的)界  the vegetable kingdom  植物界 6  a specified mental or emotional province (精神或情感的)范围；领域  kingdom of the heart  心灵范畴 kingdom of fantasy  幻想世界 7 Biol.  the highest category in taxonomic classification 【生】(生物分类学的)最高级种类 □ come into (or to) one's kingdom   achieve recognition or supremacy 获得权势；飞黄腾达□ kingdom come  colloq.  eternity; the next world [口]来世，天国□ till kingdom come  colloq.  for ever [口]永远；永久 [Old English cyningdōm (as KING)]

kingfish /ˈkiŋfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various large fish, e.g. the opah 大海鱼(如月鱼)

kingfisher /ˈkiŋfiʃə/ n.  any bird of the family Alcedinidae, with a long sharp beak, which dives for fish in rivers etc., esp. Alcedo atthis, a small European bird with bright blue plumage 翠鸟，鱼狗(扎入河等中食鱼的鸟，喙长而坚)

King in Council n. Brit. [英]  = QUEEN IN COUNCIL 

King James Bible n. (also 亦作 King James Version)  = AUTHORIZED VERSION 

kinglet /ˈkiŋlit/ n.  1  a petty king 懦弱的国王；小国之君 2 esp. N. Amer.  any of various small warblers of the family Regulidae, esp. the goldcrest [尤北美] (尤指金冠)戴菊鸟

kingmaker /ˈkiŋmeikə/ n.  a person who makes kings, leaders, etc., through the exercise of political influence, originally with reference to the Earl of Warwick in the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV of England (通过施加政治影响)拥立国王(领袖等)的人(最早指英国亨利六世和爱德华四世时的沃里克伯爵)

King of Arms n. Heraldry (in the UK) a chief herald (at the College of Arms: Garter, Clarenceux, and Norroy and Ulster; in Scotland: Lyon) 【纹章学】(英国)高级纹章官(在宗谱纹章院：嘉德勋位，纹章次官，第三纹章官和第二纹章官；在苏格兰：司纹章大臣)

king of beasts n.  the lion (百兽之王)狮子

king of birds n.  the eagle (百鸟之王)鹰

King of Kings n.  1  God 上帝 2  the title assumed by many eastern kings 皇帝，天子(东方各国对君主的称号)

King of the Castle n. Brit.  a children's game consisting of trying to displace a rival from a mound [英]城堡大王(一种把对手逐出山头的儿童游戏)

kingpin /ˈkiŋpin/ n.  1  a  a main or large bolt in a central position 主销b  a vertical bolt used as a pivot 转向立轴 2  an essential person or thing, esp. in a complex system; the most important person in an organization 主要的人(或事物；) 最重要的人(或事物)

king post n.  an upright post from the tie-beam of a roof to the apex of a truss (桁架的)中柱

king prawn n.  a large edible prawn of the genus Penaeus, common esp. in Australasia (尤指大洋洲常见的)宽沟对虾

King's Bench n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S BENCH (英国)

king's bishop n. Chess  the bishop on the king's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】(国际象棋中) (王方的)象

King's bounty n. Brit. hist.  a grant made to a mother of three or more children born at a single birth [英史义]国王的恩赐(国王赐与三胞胎或多胞胎母亲的补助金)

King's Champion n. (in the UK) = CHAMPION OF ENGLAND (英国)

King's colour n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S COLOUR (英国)

King's Counsel n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S COUNSEL (英国)

King's English n.  = QUEEN'S ENGLISH 

King's evidence n. Brit. Law [英]【法律】  = QUEEN'S EVIDENCE 

king's evil n. hist.  scrofula, formerly held to be curable by the royal touch [史义]淋巴结结核，瘰疠(旧时认为经国王一触此症即能痊愈)

King's Guide n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S GUIDE (英国)

King's highway n. Brit. [英]  = QUEEN'S HIGHWAY 

king-size adj. (also 亦作 king-sized)  larger than normal; very large 比正常尺寸大(或长)的；特大的；特长的

king's knight n. Chess  the knight on the king's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】(国际象棋中) (王方的)马

King's Messenger n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S MESSENGER (英国)

king's pawn n. Chess  the pawn in front of the king at the start of a game 【棋类】(国际象棋中) (王前方的)卒

King's Proctor n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S PROCTOR (英国)

king's ransom n.  a fortune 运气；机会

king's rook n. Chess  the rook on the king's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】(国际象棋中) (王前方的)车

King's Scout n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S SCOUT (英国)

King's speech n. (in the UK) = QUEEN'S SPEECH (英国)

Kingston /ˈkiŋstən/ n.  金斯敦 [牙买加首都]

kinin /ˈkainin/ n.  1  any of a group of polypeptides formed in body tissue in response to injury, and causing vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction 激肽 2  any of a group of compounds which promote cell division and inhibit ageing in plants 细胞分裂素 [Greek kineō ‘move’ + -IN]

kink /kiŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a short backward twist in wire or tubing etc. such as may cause an obstruction (电线、管子等短距离反向的可能造成阻碍的)弯曲b  a tight wave in human or animal hair (人或动物毛发的)卷曲，扭缠 2  a mental twist or quirk 乖僻；奇想；怪僻 ●v. intr. & tr.  form or cause to form a kink (使)扭结 , (使)绞缠 [Middle Low German kinke (v.), probably from Dutch kinken]

kinkajou /ˈkiŋkədʒu:/ n.  a Central and S. American nocturnal fruit-eating mammal, Potos flavus, with a prehensile tail and living in trees 蜜熊(产于中南美洲的哺乳动物，尾巴卷曲，生活在林中，夜间活动，喜食水果) [French quincajou from Algonquian]

kinky /ˈkiŋki/ adj. (kinkier, kinkiest)  1 colloq. [口]  a  given to or involving bizarre or unusual sexual behaviour 性行为变态的，不正常的b (of clothing etc.) bizarre in a sexually provocative way (服装等)奇形怪状的，异乎寻常的，性挑逗的 2  strange, eccentric 怪僻的，古怪的 3  having kinks or twists 扭结的，绞缠的 □ kinkily  adv.  □ kinkiness  n.   [KINK + -Y1]

kino /ˈki:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a gum produced by various tropical trees and used in medicine and tanning as an astringent 吉纳(树胶) (用于医药和制革，作收敛剂) [West African]

-kins /kinz/ suffix  = -KIN, often with suggestions of endearment (babykins 小宝贝) 常带可爱之意

kinsfolk /ˈkinzfəʊk/ n. pl. (also N. Amer. [亦北美] kinfolk /ˈkinfəʊk/)  one's relations by blood 家属，亲属

Kinshasa /kinˈʃɑ:sə/ n.  金沙萨 [扎伊尔首都]

kinship /ˈkinʃip/ n.  1  blood relationship 亲属关系，家属关系 2  the sharing of characteristics or origins (性质、出身的)类似，近似

kinsman /ˈkinzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. kinswoman, pl. -women)  1  a blood relation or (loosely) a relation by marriage 血缘关系；(松散的)婚姻关系 2  a member of one's own tribe or people 同一部落(或民族)的人

kiosk /ˈki:ɒsk/ n.  1  a light open-fronted booth or cubicle from which food, newspapers, tickets, etc., are sold (出售食品、报刊、车票等的)小摊棚，售货亭 2  a telephone box 电话亭 3 Austral.  a building in which refreshments are served in a park, zoo, etc. [澳] (公园、动物园内设置的)茶点(饮料)供应处 4  a light open pavilion in Turkey and Iran (土耳其、伊朗的)凉亭，亭子 [French kiosque via Turkish kiūshk ‘pavilion’ from Persian guš]

kip1 /kip/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  1  a sleep or nap 睡眠，打盹 2  a bed or cheap lodging house 床铺；低级客栈 3  a brothel 妓院 ●v. intr. (kipped, kipping)  sleep, take a nap 睡觉，小睡 [18th c., origin uncertain: cf. Danish kippe ‘hovel, tavern’]

kip2 /kip/ n.  the hide of a young or small animal as used for leather 幼兽皮 [Middle English: origin unknown]

kip3 /kip/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or kips)  the chief monetary unit of Laos 基普(老挝货币单位) [Thai]

kip4 /kip/ n. Austral. slang  a small piece of wood from which coins are spun in the game of two-up [澳] [俚语] (在小块木板上)转双币游戏 [19th c., perhaps from English dialect: cf. keper ‘a flat piece of wood preventing a horse from eating the corn’, or Irish dialect kippeen from Irish cipín ‘a little stick’]

kipper /ˈkipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a kippered fish, esp. herring 腌晒(或熏制)的鱼(尤指鲱鱼) 2  a male salmon in the spawning season (异性产卵期的)雄鲑 ●v. tr.  cure (a herring etc.) by splitting open, salting, and drying in the open air or smoke 腌后晒干(或熏制) (鲱鱼、鲑鱼等) [Middle English: origin uncertain]

kipper tie n.  a brightly coloured and very wide tie 色彩鲜艳的宽领带；鳟鱼领带

kipsie /ˈkipsi/ n. (also 亦作 kipsy) (pl. -ies) Austral. slang  a house, home, lean-to, or shelter [澳] [俚语]房屋，家，披屋；避难所 [perhaps from KIP1]

Kir /kiə, kɜ:/ n. propr.  a drink made from dry white wine and crème de cassis [商标]柯尔酒(干白葡萄酒和黑茶藨子甜酒调制成的饮料) [named after Canon Felix Kir (d. 1968), said to have invented the recipe]

kirby grip /ˈkɜ:bi/ n. (also 亦作 Kirbigrip propr. [商标]) Brit.  a type of sprung hairgrip [英]柯尔比弹簧发夹 [Kirby, part of original manufacturer's name (Kirby, Beard & Co. Ltd)]

Kirghiz var.  of KYRGYZ  KYRGYZ 的变体

Kirghizia   吉尔吉斯 (officially called Kyrgyzstan)

Kiribati   基里巴斯

Kirk /kɜ:k/   柯克 [人名]

kirk /kɜ:k/ n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a church 教堂；教会 2 (作 the Kirk or the Kirk of Scotland)  the Church of Scotland as distinct from the Church of England or from the Episcopal Church in Scotland 苏格兰教会(区别于英国国教和苏格兰主教派教会) [Middle English via Old Norse kirkja from Old English cir(i)ce CHURCH]

kirkman /ˈkɜ:kmən/ n. (pl. -men) Sc. & N. Engl.  a member of the Church of Scotland [苏格兰和英格兰北部]苏格兰教会教徒

Kirk-session n.  1  the lowest court in the Church of Scotland 苏格兰教会会议(初级法庭) 2 hist.  the lowest court in other Presbyterian Churches, composed of ministers and elders [史义] (由长老和牧师组成的其他长老会的)初级宗教法庭

kirsch /kiəʃ/ n. (also 亦作 kirschwasser /ˈkiəʃvæsə/)  a brandy distilled from the fermented juice of cherries 樱桃白兰地 [German Kirsche ‘cherry’, Wasser ‘water’]

Kirsten /ˈkɜ:stin/   柯尔斯滕 [人名]

kirtle /ˈkɜ:t(ə)l/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a woman's gown or outer petticoat 女长袍；裙 2  a man's tunic or coat 男短外衣 [Old English cyrtel from Germanic, ultimately perhaps from Latin curtus ‘short’]

kiskadee /kiskəˈdi:/ n. (also 亦作 keskidee /keskiˈdi:/)  a tyrant flycatcher, Pitangus sulphuratus, of Central and S. America, with brown and yellow plumage (中南美洲的)蝇霸鹟 [imitative of its cry]

kismet /ˈkizmet, -mit, -s-/ n.  destiny, fate 命运，天命 [Turkish from Arabic kisma(t), from kasama ‘divide’]

kiss /kis/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  touch with the lips, esp. as a sign of love, affection, greeting, or reverence 吻(尤指表示爱情、喜爱、欢迎或尊敬) 2 tr.  express (greeting or farewell) in this way 以吻表示(欢迎、送别) 3 absol. [含宾] (of two persons) touch each others' lips in this way (两人)接吻 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a snooker ball etc. in motion) lightly touch (another ball) (运动中的台球等)轻碰，轻触(另一球) ●n.  1  a touch with the lips in kissing 吻 2  the slight impact when one snooker ball etc. lightly touches another (台球等的)轻碰 3  a small sweetmeat or piece of confectionery 糖果；蜜饯 □ kiss and tell   recount one's sexual exploits 披露性史，讲述绯闻□ kiss a person's arse  coarse slang  act obsequiously towards a person [粗俗俚语]拍某人马屁，巴结□ kiss away   remove (tears etc.) by kissing 吻掉(眼泪等)□ kiss the dust   submit abjectly; be overthrown 卑躬屈膝；被打败□ kiss goodbye to  colloq.  accept the loss of [口]承认失败□ kiss the ground   prostrate oneself as a token of homage 俯伏致敬，匍伏在地(表示恭顺)□ kiss off  esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  1  dismiss, get rid of 解雇；摆脱 2  go away, die 离去；死□ kiss the rod   accept chastisement submissively 甘心受罚□ kissable  adj.   [Old English cyssan, from Germanic]

kiss-curl n.  a small curl of hair on the forehead, at the nape, or in front of the ear 垂于额前(或后颈、耳前)的一绺鬈发

kisser /ˈkisə/ n.  1  a person who kisses 接吻者 2 (orig. Boxing) slang  the mouth; the face (源于 【拳击】) [俚语]嘴；脸

kissing cousin n. (also 亦作 kissing kin or kind)  a distant relative (given a formal kiss on occasional meetings) 远亲(在偶而相逢时给予礼节性的接吻)

kissing gate n. Brit.  a gate hung in a V- or U-shaped enclosure, letting one person through at a time [英] (只容一人通过的)V 型(或 U 型)小门

kiss of death n.  an apparently friendly act which causes ruin 表面上出于善意却导致恶果的行为；导致死亡的接吻

kiss-off n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a dismissal from a job [尤北美] [俚语]解雇

kiss of life n.  mouth-to-mouth resuscitation 口对口人工呼吸

kiss of peace n. Eccl.  a ceremonial kiss, esp. during the Eucharist, as a sign of unity 【教会】(尤指圣餐仪式时的)接吻礼(团结友爱的象征)

kissogram /ˈkisəɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 Kissagram propr. [商标]) Brit.  a novelty telegram or greetings message delivered with a kiss [英]“亲吻”电报(一种致问候的礼仪电报)

kissy /ˈkisi/ adj. colloq.  given to kissing [口]有接吻癖好的，爱接吻的  not the kissy type  不是爱接吻的类型

kist var.  of CIST1  CIST1 的变体

Kiswahili /ki:swəˈhi:li, kiswɑ:-/ n.  a major language of the Bantu family, spoken widely in Kenya, Tanzania, and elsewhere in E. Africa, where it serves as a lingua franca 斯瓦希里语(属班图语系，东非肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚等地通用的语言) [native name: ki- prefix used in names of languages]

Kit /kit/   基特 [人名]

kit1 /kit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of articles, equipment, or clothing needed for a specific purpose 成套工具； (适应特定需要的)成套装备(服装)  first-aid kit  急救包 bicycle-repair kit  一套自行车修理工具 2 Brit.  the clothing etc. needed for any activity, esp. sport [英] (供活动尤指运动穿的)服装(行装等)  football kit  足球用具 3  a set of all the parts needed to assemble an item, e.g. a piece of furniture, a model, etc. 配套元件(供购买者装配成件，如家具、模型等) 4 Brit.  a wooden tub [英]小木桶 ●v. tr. (kitted, kitting) (often foll. by 常后跟 out, up)  equip with the appropriate clothing or tools 装备 [Middle English from Middle Dutch kitte ‘wooden vessel’, of unknown origin]

kit2 /kit/ n.  1  a kitten 小猫 2  a young fox, badger, etc. 小狐狸(小獾等) [abbreviation]

kit3 /kit/ n. hist.  a small fiddle, esp. as used by a dancing master [史义] (舞蹈教师用的)袖珍提琴 [perhaps from Latin cithara; see CITTERN]

kitbag /ˈkitbæɡ/ n.  a large, usu. cylindrical bag used for carrying a soldier's, traveller's, or sportsman's equipment (通常士兵、旅行者、运动员用的)大圆筒形背包

kit-cat /ˈkitkæt/ n. (in full 全称 kit-cat portrait)  a portrait of less than half the full length, but including one hand; usu. 36 × 28 in. (通常包括一只手， 36 × 28 英寸的)半身画像 [named after a series of portraits of the members of the Kit-Cat Club, an early 18th-c. Whig society]

kitchen /ˈkitʃin, -tʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the room or area where food is prepared and cooked 厨房，灶间b  kitchen fitments or units, esp. as sold together (尤指整体的)厨房设备 2 (作 attrib.)  of or belonging to the kitchen 厨房的，厨房里用的  kitchen knife  菜刀 kitchen table  厨房炊台 3 slang  the percussion section of an orchestra [俚语] (管弦乐队的)打击乐器组 □ everything but the kitchen sink   everything imaginable 能想到的每一件事 [Old English cycene from Latin coquere ‘cook’]

kitchen cabinet n.  a group of unofficial advisers thought to be unduly influential 私人顾问团

Kitchener bun /ˈkitʃinə/ n. Austral.  a cream-filled bun coated with cinnamon and sugar [澳]奶油夹心小圆面包(外裹肉桂加砂糖) [named after 1st Earl Kitchener d. 1916]

kitchenette /kitʃiˈnet/ n.  a small kitchen or part of a room fitted as a kitchen 小厨房；房间里装备作厨房用的一角

kitchen garden n.  a garden where vegetables and sometimes fruit or herbs are grown 家庭菜园

kitchen midden n.  a prehistoric refuse-heap which marks an ancient settlement, chiefly containing bones, seashells, etc. 贝丘(史前人类居住的遗迹，主要包括骨、贝壳等)

kitchen roll n.  a roll of absorbent paper for cleaning up spillages etc. 厨房卫生纸卷(厨房内使用的清理溢出物的吸水纸卷)

kitchen-sink attrib. adj. (in art forms) depicting extreme realism, esp. drabness or sordidness 极端现实主义(尤描写平庸、阴暗生活的艺术形式)  kitchen-sink school of painting  激进现实主义画派 kitchen-sink drama  激进现实主义戏剧

kitchen tea n. Austral. & NZ  a party held before a wedding to which female guests bring items of kitchen equipment as presents [澳新]婚礼前举行的聚会(女宾客送上厨房用品作为贺礼)

kitchenware /ˈkitʃinwɛə, ˈkitʃ(ə)n-/ n.  the utensils used in the kitchen 厨房用具

kite /kait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a toy consisting of a light framework with thin material stretched over it, flown in the wind at the end of a long string 风筝 2  any of various soaring birds of prey esp. of the genus Milvus with long wings and usu. a forked tail 鸢(尤指鸢属一种食肉猛禽，翼长，尾通常呈叉状) 3 Brit. slang  an aeroplane [英] [俚语]飞机 4 slang  a fraudulent cheque, bill, or receipt [俚语]空头支票(凭单或收据) 5 Geom.  a quadrilateral figure symmetrical about one diagonal 【几】平行四边形 6 slang  a letter or note, esp. one that is illicit or surreptitious [俚语] (尤指非法的，偷偷摸摸地传递的)信；条子 7 (in pl. 用复数)  the highest sail of a ship, set only in a light wind (微风时使用的)筝帆，最高层轻帆 8 archaic  a dishonest person, a sharper [古义]不诚实的人，骗子 ●v.  1 intr.  soar like a kite 如风筝般飘动 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) slang  originate or pass (fraudulent cheques, bills, or receipts) [俚语]开，用(空头支票、凭单或收据) 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) slang  raise (money by dishonest means) [俚语] (用欺诈的手段)募集(钱财)  kite a loan  用欺诈的方式贷款 [Old English cyˉta, of unknown origin]

kite balloon n.  a sausage-shaped captive balloon for military observations 系留气球(军事观察用，香肠形)

kite-flying n.  fraudulent practice 欺诈行为

Kitemark /ˈkaitmɑ:k/ n.  an official kite-shaped mark on goods approved by the British Standards Institution 风筝标记，合格标记(用在符合英国标准协会的商品上，形似风筝)

kit-fox n.  a small fox Vulpes velox, of N. American prairies, esp. the form inhabiting the south west US and Mexico, sometimes regarded as a distinct species (Vulpes macrotis) (产于北美草原的)小狐(尤指美国西南部和墨西哥的狐) [probably from KIT2]

kith /kiθ/ n.   □ kith and kin   friends and relations 朋友和亲属 [Old English cyˉthth, from Germanic]

kitsch /kitʃ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  garish, tasteless, or sentimental art 矫揉造作；庸俗艺术作品  kitsch plastic models of the royal family  矫揉造作的皇室模制造形 □ kitschy  adj. (kitschier, kitschiest)  □ kitschiness  n.   [German]

kitten /ˈkit(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a young cat 小猫 2  a young ferret etc. 小白鼬(小雪貂等) ●v. intr. & tr. (of a cat etc.) give birth or give birth to (猫等)产崽；产小猫 □ have kittens  Brit. colloq.  be extremely upset, anxious, or nervous [英口]不安，焦躁，心慌意乱 [Middle English kito(u)n, ketoun from Old French chitoun, chetoun, diminutive of chat CAT1]

kittenish /ˈkit(ə)niʃ/ adj.  1  like a young cat; playful and lively 小猫似的；爱玩耍的 2  flirtatious, coy 卖弄风情的，忸怩的 □ kittenishly  adv.  □ kittenishness  n.   [KITTEN]

kittiwake /ˈkitiweik/ n.  a small gull of the genus Rissa, nesting on sea cliffs, esp. Rissa tridactyla of the N. Atlantic and Arctic Oceans 小海鸥(尤指北大西洋和北冰洋的三趾鸥) [imitative of its cry]

kittle /ˈkit(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 kittle-cattle /ˈkit(ə)lkæt(ə)l/)  1 (of a person) capricious, rash, or erratic in behaviour (人)反复无常的，多变的；鲁莽的；古怪的 2  difficult to deal with 难对付的；棘手的 [Middle English (now Scots & dialect) kittle ‘tickle’, probably from Old Norse kitla]

Kitty /ˈkiti/   基蒂 [人名]

kitty1 /ˈkiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a fund of money for communal use (共同使用的)一笔钱 2  the pool in some card games (纸牌戏的)全部赌注 3  the jack in bowls (滚木球戏中作靶子的)小白木球 [19th c.: origin unknown]

kitty2 /ˈkiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a pet name or a child's name for a kitten or cat 小猫；猫咪(对小猫的爱称)

kitty-cornered var.  of CATER-CORNERED  CATER-CORNERED 的变体

kiwi /ˈki:wi:, -wi/ n. (pl. kiwis)  1  a flightless New Zealand bird of the genus Apteryx with hairlike feathers and a long bill 鹬鸵，几维(一种新西兰不能飞行的鸟，属无翼鸟，羽毛似毛发，长喙) 2 (作 Kiwi) colloq.  a New Zealander, esp. a soldier or member of a national sports team [口]新西兰人(尤指新西兰军人或新西兰运动员) [Maori]

kiwi fruit n.  the fruit of a climbing plant, Actinidia chinensis, having a thin hairy skin, green flesh, and black seeds Also called 亦称作 Chinese gooseberry 猕猴桃

kJ abbr. [缩略]  kilojoule(s) 

KKK abbr. [缩略] US [美]  Ku Klux Klan 

kl abbr. [缩略]  kilolitre(s) 

Klansman /ˈklænzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Klanswoman, pl. -women)  a member of the Ku Klux Klan 三 K 党成员

klaxon /ˈklæks(ə)n/ n. propr.  a horn or warning hooter, originally on a motor vehicle [商标] (老式)汽车喇叭；高音汽笛 [name of the manufacturing company]

Kleenex /ˈkli:neks/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Kleenexes) propr.  an absorbent disposable paper tissue, used esp. as a handkerchief [商标]克里内克斯纸巾(一种当手帕用的柔软吸水棉纸，随用随弃)

Klein bottle /klain/ n. Math.  a closed surface with only one side, formed by passing the neck of a tube through the side of the tube to join the hole in the base 【数】克莱因瓶(只有一个面的封闭形状，由管颈通过管壁与底部的孔相连构成) [named after F. Klein, German mathematician d. 1925]

klepht /kleft/ n.  1  a member of the original body of Greeks who refused to submit to the Turks in the 15th c. (15 世纪时不向土耳其人屈服的)希腊游击队员 2  any of their descendants 希腊游击队员的后裔 3  a brigand or bandit 侠盗，绿林好汉 [modern Greek klephtēs from Greek kleptēs ‘thief’]

kleptomania /kleptə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  a recurrent urge to steal, usu. without regard for need or profit (通常指不考虑需要和收益的)偷窃狂，盗窃癖 □ kleptomaniac  /-niæk/ n. & adj.   [Greek kleptēs ‘thief’ + -MANIA]

klieg /kli:ɡ/ n. (also 亦作 klieg light)  a powerful lamp in a film studio etc. (电影工作室等处使用的)强弧光灯，克利格灯 [named after A. T. & J. H. Kliegl, American inventors d. 1927, 1959]

klipspringer /ˈklipspriŋə/ n.  a S. African dwarf antelope, Oreotragus oreotragus, which can bound up and down rocky slopes 山羚(南非的一种小羚羊) [Afrikaans, from klip ‘rock’ + springer ‘jumper’]

Klondike /ˈklɒndaik/ n.  a source of valuable material 贵重的矿藏；财源 [Klondike in Yukon, Canada, where gold was found in 1896]

klong /klɒŋ/ n. (in Thailand) a canal (泰国)运河 [Thai]

kloof /klu:f/ n.  a steep-sided ravine or valley in S. Africa (南非的)峡谷 [Dutch, = cleft]

kludge /klʌdʒ/ n. slang [俚语]  1  an ill-assorted collection of poorly matching parts 一组不相配的部件 2 Computing  a machine, system, or program that has been badly put together 【计算】杂牌机(系统或程序) [invented word, perhaps influenced by BODGE, FUDGE]

klutz /klʌts/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  1  a clumsy, awkward person 粗笨的人，木头人 2  a fool 傻瓜，呆子 □ klutzy  adj.   [Yiddish, from German Klotz ‘wooden block’]

klystron /ˈklaistrɒn/ n.  an electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by velocity modulation 速调(电子)管 [Greek kluzō klus- ‘wash over’]

km abbr. [缩略]  kilometre(s) 

K-meson /keiˈmezɒn, -ˈmi:zɒn/ n.  = KAON  [K (see KAON) + MESON]

kn. abbr. Naut. [缩略]【海】  knot(s) 

knack /næk/ n.  1  an acquired or intuitive faculty of doing a thing adroitly (学会的或本能的)技能，本领 2  a trick or habit of action or speech etc. (行动、言语等的)癖，习惯  has a knack of offending people  老是喜欢冒犯别人 3 archaic  an ingenious device (see 见 KNICK-KNACK) [古义]灵巧的器件 [Middle English, probably identical with knack ‘sharp blow or sound’, from Low German, ultimately imitative]

knacker /ˈnækə/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  1  a buyer of usu. old horses, cattle, etc. for slaughter 收买(马、牛等)老弱家畜的人(屠宰后出售) 2  a buyer of old houses, ships, etc. for the materials 收买旧屋(或旧船等)以拆取其材料的人 ●v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  kill 杀死 2 (esp. as 尤作 knackered adj.)  exhaust, wear out 筋疲力尽(的)，耗尽的 [18th c. in the sense ‘old or worn-out horse’: perhaps from ealier knacker ‘harness-maker’]

knackery /ˈnækəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a knacker's yard or business 老弱家畜屠宰场(业)

knag /næɡ/ n.  1  a knot in wood; the base of a branch 木节，木瘤；树枝的基部 2  a short dead branch 短的枯枝 3  a peg for hanging things on (挂物用的)小木钉 [Middle English, perhaps from Low German Knagge]

knap1 /næp/ n. chiefly dial.  the crest of a hill or of rising ground [主方]小山；小山顶；隆起的地面 [Old English cnœp(p), perhaps related to Old Norse knappr ‘knob’]

knap2 /næp/ v. tr. (knapped, knapping)  1  break (stones for roads or building, flints, or Austral. ore) with a hammer 敲碎；用锤(把筑路、建筑等用的石头、[澳]矿石)敲成一定形状 2 archaic  knock, rap, snap asunder [古义]敲，叩击，砸碎 □ knapper  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

knapsack /ˈnæpsæk/ n.  a soldier's or hiker's bag with shoulder straps, carried on the back, and usu. made of canvas or weatherproof material (士兵或徒步旅行者用，通常由帆布或防风雨材料制的)背包 [Middle Low German, probably from knappen ‘bite’ + SACK1]

knapweed /ˈnæpwi:d/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Centaurea, having thistle-like purple flowers 黑矢车菊；矢车菊(矢车菊属植物，开类似蓟的紫色花) [Middle English, originally knopweed, from KNOP + WEED]

knar /nɑ:/ n.  a knot or protuberance in a tree trunk, root, etc. (树干、树根等的)木节，木瘤 [Middle English knarre, related to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Middle High German knorre ‘knobbed protuberance’]

knave /neiv/ n.  1  a rogue, a scoundrel 恶棍，无赖 2  = JACK1n. 2  □ knavery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ knavish  adj.  □ knavishly  adv.  □ knavishness  n.   [Old English cnafa ‘boy, servant’, from West Germanic]

knawel /ˈnɔ:il/ n.  any low-growing plant of the genus Scleranthus (pink family) (石竹科的)线球草 [German Knauel]

knead /ni:d/ v. tr.  1  a  work (a yeast mixture, clay, etc.) into dough, paste, etc., by pummelling and folding 揉，捏(发酵面粉或陶土等) (成面团、制陶粘土等)b  make (bread, pottery, etc.) in this way 揉成，捏制(面包、陶器等) 2  blend or weld together 揉捏般形成  kneaded them into a unified group  把它们揉成一体 3  massage (muscles etc.) as if kneading 按摩(肌肉等) □ kneadable  adj.  □ kneader  n.   [Old English cnedan, from Germanic]

knee /ni:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  the joint between the thigh and the lower leg in humans (人大腿和小腿间的)膝关节；膝盖b  the corresponding joint in other animals (动物的)膝头；膝c  the area around this 膝部位d  the upper surface of the thigh of a sitting person; the lap (人坐着时)大腿的朝上的面  held her on his knee  把她抱到他腿上 2  the part of a garment covering the knee (服装的)膝部 3  anything resembling a knee in shape or position, esp. a piece of wood or iron bent at an angle, a sharp turn in a graph, etc. 膝状物(尤指木头、金属等制的)隅撑，角撑，斜撑；(曲线图等的)拐点 ●v. (knees, kneed, kneeing)  1 tr.  touch or strike with the knee 用膝盖触碰；用膝盖撞击  kneed the ball past him  用膝盖把球撞过他 kneed him in the groin  膝盖撞在他的腹股沟上 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a tr.  cause (trousers etc.) to bulge at the knee 使(裤子等的)膝部鼓起b intr. (of trousers etc.) bulge at the knee (裤子等)膝部鼓起  tend to knee  容易在膝部鼓起 □ bend (or bow) the knee   1  kneel in submission, worship, or supplication 下跪；跪着(祈祷、哀求) 2  submit 屈服，屈从□ bring to its (or his or her) knees   reduce (a thing or person) to a state of weakness or submission 迫使(某人、某事)屈服□ on (or on one's) bended knee (or knees)   kneeling, esp. in supplication, submission, or worship 跪下(尤指哀求、屈服或祈祷) [Old English cnēo(w)]

knee-bend n.  the action of bending the knee, esp. as a physical exercise in which the body is raised and lowered without the use of the hands (尤指体操中的)屈膝运动

knee-breeches n. pl.  close-fitting trousers reaching to or just below the knee (齐膝或刚过膝的紧身)短裤

kneecap /ˈni:kæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the convex bone in front of the knee joint; the patella 髌，膝盖骨 2  a protective covering for the knee 护膝 ●v. tr. (-capped, -capping) colloq.  shoot (a person) in the knee or leg as a punishment, esp. for betraying a terrorist group [口] (尤因背叛恐怖组织而受到报复)用枪击穿(人的)膝盖骨(或腿部) □ kneecapping  n.  

knee-deep adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  a  immersed up to the knees 没到膝部的，没膝的b  deeply involved 深陷其中的；忙于其中的 2  so deep as to reach the knees 齐膝深的

knee-high adj. & adv.  so high as to reach the knees 齐膝高(的) □ knee-high to a grasshopper   very small or very young 矮小的；幼小的

kneehole /ˈni:həʊl/ n.  a space for the knees, esp. under a desk (尤指写字台下面的)容膝空隙 often 常作 attrib.: kneehole desk  两边是抽屉中间可容膝的写字台，两头沉

knee-jerk n. & adj. ●n.  a sudden involuntary kick caused by a blow on the tendon just below the knee 膝跳反射 ●attrib. adj.  predictable, automatic, stereotyped 容易预测的；自动的；机械的  a knee-jerk reaction  本能作出的反应

knee joint n.  1  = KNEEn. 1a, b  2  a joint made of two pieces hinged together 肘接

kneel /ni:l/ v. intr. (past and past part. knelt /nelt/ or esp. US [尤美] kneeled)  fall or rest on the knees or a knee 跪(下) [Old English cnēowlian (as KNEE)]

knee-length adj.  reaching the knees 长及膝部的

kneeler /ˈni:lə/ n.  1  a hassock or cushion used for kneeling, esp. in church (尤指教堂用的)跪垫 2  a person who kneels 跪着的人

knee-pan n.  the kneecap 髌，膝盖骨

knees-up n. Brit. colloq.  a lively party or gathering [英口]欢乐的社交活动(集会)

knee-trembler n. slang  an act of sexual intercourse between people in a standing position [俚语]站势性交

knell /nel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sound of a bell, esp. when rung solemnly for a death or funeral 钟声(尤指丧钟声) 2  an announcement, event, etc., regarded as a solemn warning of disaster (宣言、事件等看作灾难的)凶兆 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a bell) ring solemnly, esp. for a death or funeral (钟)缓慢庄严地鸣响(尤指鸣丧钟)b  make a doleful or ominous sound 发出哀伤(不祥)之声 2 tr.  proclaim by or as by a knell 敲丧钟宣告；发出丧钟般的声音宣告  knelled the death of all their hopes  给他们的希望敲起了丧钟 □ ring the knell of   announce or herald the end of 敲响…的丧钟，宣告…的灭亡 [Old English cnyll, cnyllan: perhaps influenced by bell]

knelt past and past part.  of KNEEL 

Knesset /ˈkneset/ n.  the parliament of modern Israel (以色列)议会 [Hebrew, literally ‘gathering’]

knew past  of KNOW  

knickerbocker /ˈnikəbɒkə/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  loose-fitting breeches gathered at the knee or calf (膝盖或小腿部收紧的)九分灯笼裤 2 (作 Knickerbocker)  a  a New Yorker 纽约市人；纽约州人b  a descendant of the original Dutch settlers in New York 纽约早期荷兰移民的后裔 [named after Diedrich Knickerbocker, pretended author of W. Irving's History of New York (1809)]

Knickerbocker Glory n. Brit.  ice cream served with other ingredients in a tall glass [英]高杯水果冰淇淋

knickers /ˈnikəz/ n. pl.  1 Brit.  a woman's or girl's undergarment covering the body from the waist or hips to the top of the thighs and having leg-holes or separate legs [英]女用短衬裤 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  knickerbockers 九分灯笼裤b  a boy's short trousers 男孩的短裤 3 (as 作 int.) Brit. slang  an expression of contempt [英] [俚语] (表示轻蔑、恼火等)讨厌！ [abbreviation of knickerbockers (KNICKERBOCKER)]

knick-knack /ˈniknæk/ n. (also 亦作 nick-nack)  1  a useless and usu. worthless ornament; a trinket (通常不值钱的)小摆设；小玩意儿 2  a small, dainty article of furniture, dress, etc. (家具、服装等的)小装饰 □ knick-knackery  n.  □ knick-knackish  adj.   [reduplication of knack in obsolete sense ‘trinket’]

knife /naif/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. knives /naivz/)  1  a  a metal blade used as a cutting tool with usu. one long sharp edge fixed rigidly in a handle or hinged (cf. 参见 PENKNIFE) 刀(通常装有柄或可折转)b  a similar tool used as a weapon (用作武器的)刀 2  a cutting blade forming part of a machine (机器上的)刀片，刀具 3 (as 作 the knife) colloq.  a surgical operation or operations [口]外科手术 ●v.  1 tr.  cut or stab with a knife 用刀砍(或刺) 2 tr. slang  bring about the defeat of (a person) by underhand means [俚语]用阴险手段陷害(某人) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through)  cut or cuts its way like a knife 用刀推进，用刀穿刺 □ before you can say knife  colloq.  very quickly or suddenly [口]说时迟那时快，一下子，突然□ get one's knife into   treat maliciously or vindictively, persecute 加害于某人；对某人怀恨在心□ go under the knife  colloq.  have surgery [口]接受外科手术□ that one could cut with a knife  colloq. (of an accent, atmosphere, etc.) very obvious, oppressive, etc. [口] (口音、气氛等)令人不愉快的，使人感到压抑的□ knifelike  adj.  □ knifer  n.   [Old English cnīf from Old Norse knífr, from Germanic]

knife-board n.  a board on which knives are cleaned 磨餐刀板

knife-edge n.  1  the edge of a knife 刀刃，锋刃 2  a position of extreme danger or uncertainty 十分危险状态；摇摆不定的环境；极微妙状态 3  a steel wedge on which a pendulum etc. oscillates (钟摆等的)刃形支承 4  = ARÊTE 

knife-grinder n.  1  a travelling sharpener of knives etc. (磨刀等的)砂轮，磨刀装置 2  a person who grinds knives etc. during their manufacture 磨刀匠

knife machine n.  a machine for cleaning knives 磨刀机

knife-pleat n.  a narrow flat pleat on a skirt etc., usu. overlapping another (裙子等上面通常相互重叠的)刀形窄褶

knifepoint /ˈnaifpɔint/ n.  the pointed end of a knife 刀尖 □ at knifepoint   threatened with a knife or an ultimatum etc. 在刀子(或最后通牒等)的威胁下

knife rest n.  a metal or glass support for a carving knife or carving fork at table (放置切割用刀叉的)刀架

knife-throwing n.  a circus etc. act in which knives are thrown at targets (马戏等表演中的)飞刀 □ knife-thrower  n.  

knight /nait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a man awarded a non-hereditary title (Sir) by a sovereign in recognition of merit or service (非世袭的)爵士 2 hist. [史义]  a  a man, usu. noble, raised esp. by a sovereign to honourable military rank after service as a page and squire (通常为贵族，尤指在当了侍从或护卫后被君王提升至高级军阶的)骑士；勇士b  a military follower or attendant, esp. of a lady as her champion in a war or tournament (尤指贵妇人的)侍从，护卫者 3  a man devoted to the service of a woman, cause, etc. (女人、事业等的)忠实拥护者 4 Chess  a piece usu. shaped like a horse's head 【棋类】(国际象棋中的)马(通常形似马头) 5  a Rom. Hist.  a member of the class of equites, originally the cavalry of the Roman army [罗马]【史】骑士(此阶层原为古罗马的骑兵队)b Gk Hist.  a citizen of the second class in Athens [希]【史】骑士(雅典第二等级的公民) 6 (in full 全称 knight of the shire) hist.  a gentleman representing a shire or county in Parliament [史义] (下议院中的)郡选议员 ●v. tr.  confer a knighthood on 授…爵士品位，封…为爵士 □ knighthood  n.  □ knightlike  adj.  □ knightly  adj. & adv. poet. [诗]  □ knightliness  n.   [Old English cniht ‘boy, youth, hero’, from West Germanic]

knightage /ˈnaitidʒ/ n.  1  knights collectively (总称)爵士 2  a list and account of knights 爵士名录

knight bachelor n. (pl. knights bachelor)  a knight not belonging to a special order 曾被封为爵士但不属任何爵士团的英国臣民

knight commander  see 见 COMMANDER 3 

knight errant n.  1  a medieval knight wandering in search of chivalrous adventures (中世纪的)游侠骑士 2  a man of a chivalrous or quixotic nature 侠义心肠的人 □ knight-errantry  n.  

Knight Hospitaller n. (pl. Knights Hospitallers)  a member of an order of monks with a military history, founded at Jerusalem c. 1050 (1050 年创立于耶路撒冷的)僧侣骑士团成员

knight in shining armour n.  a chivalrous rescuer or helper, esp. of a woman 见义勇为的侠士，拔刀相助者(尤指救援或帮助妇女的人)

knight marshal n. hist.  an officer of the royal household with judicial functions [史义]宫内司法官

knight of the road n. colloq. [口]  1  a highwayman 拦路的强盗 2  a commercial traveller 旅行推销员 3  a tramp 流浪汉 4  a lorry driver or taxi driver (卡车或出租车)司机

knight of the shire  see 见 KNIGHT n. 6 

knight-service n. hist.  the tenure of land by military service [史义]以服军役为条件而获得的土地占有权

Knight Templar n. (pl. Knights Templars) hist.  a member of a religious and military order for the protection of pilgrims to the Holy Land, suppressed in 1312 [史义]圣殿骑士(其职责是保卫去宗教圣地的朝圣者， 1312 年被镇压)

kniphofia /niˈfəʊfiə, nai-; nipˈhəʊfiə/ n.  a tall ornamental plant of the genus Kniphofia (lily family), native to S. and E. Africa, with long spikes or dense racemes of red, yellow, or orange flowers, e.g. the red-hot poker (百合科)剑叶兰属植物(装饰性植物，原产于东南非洲，有长穗状花序，开红、黄、橙色花，如剑叶兰) [named after J.H. Kniphof, German botanist d. 1763]

knish /kniʃ/ n.  a dumpling of flaky dough filled with cheese etc. and baked or fried 犹太馅饼(以干酪等作馅，薄面片作皮，烘或煎而成) [Yiddish from Russian]

knit /nit/ v. & n. ●v. (knitting; past and past part. knitted or (esp. in senses 2 － 4 尤用于释义 2 至 4) knit)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  make (a garment, blanket, etc.) by interlocking loops of esp. wool with knitting needles (尤指用羊毛)编织，针织(服装、毯子等)b  make (a garment etc.) with a knitting machine 机织(衣服等)c  make (a plain stitch) in knitting 织(平针)  knit one, purl one  一针朝下，一针朝上 2  a tr.  contract (the forehead) in vertical wrinkles 皱紧；皱(眉)b intr. (of the forehead) contract; frown (眉头)紧皱，皱起 3 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  make or become close or compact, esp. through common interests etc. (尤指通过共同的兴趣等) (使)紧密地结合  a close-knit group  组织严密的小组 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together) (of parts of a broken bone) become joined; heal (折骨的碎片)拼合；愈合 ●n.  knitted material or a knitted garment 编织(或针织)品；编结(或针织的)衣服 □ knit up   1  make or repair by knitting 编织；织补 2  conclude, finish, or end 结束；完成；终止□ knitter  n.   [Old English cnyttan from West Germanic: cf. KNOT1]

knitting /ˈnitiŋ/ n.  1  a garment etc. in the process of being knitted 编织物(衣服等) 2  a  the act of knitting 编织b  an instance of this 编织实例(法)

knitting machine n.  a machine used for knitting garments etc. (衣服等)编织机，针织机

knitting needle n.  a thin pointed rod of steel, wood, plastic, etc., used esp. in pairs for knitting (钢、木、塑料等制成的)编结针；毛衣针(尤成对使用)

knitwear /ˈnitwɛə/ n.  knitted garments 针织品，针织衣

knives pl.  of KNIFE  

knob /nɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a rounded protuberance, esp. at the end or on the surface of a thing (尤指在某物一端或表面的)球形突出物；瘤；疙瘩b  a handle of a door, drawer, etc., shaped like a knob (门、抽屉等的)球形拉手c  a knob-shaped attachment for pulling, turning, etc. (拉、转等的)球形柄；旋钮  press the knob under the desk  拧写字桌下的旋钮 2  a small, usu. round, piece (of butter, coal, sugar, etc.) (黄油、煤、糖等的)小块(通常是圆形的) 3 esp. N. Amer.  a prominent round hill [尤北美]圆形小丘 4 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎 ●v. (knobbed, knobbing)  1 tr.  provide with knobs 使有球形突出物；给…装球形把手 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  bulge 鼓起，突起 □ with knobs on  Brit. slang  that and more (used as a retort to an insult, in emphatic agreement, etc.) [英] [俚语]不仅如此更有甚者(常用于表示反唇相讥或强调同意)  and the same to you with knobs on  你也一样，而且有过之而无不及□ knobby  adj.  □ knoblike  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Low German knobbe ‘knot, knob, bud’: cf. KNOP, NOB2, NUB]

knobble /ˈnɒb(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a small knob [英]小的球形突出物 □ knobbly  adj. (also N. Amer. [亦北美])   [Middle English, diminutive of KNOB: cf. Dutch & Low German knobbel]

knobkerrie /ˈnɒbkeri/ n.  a short stick with a knobbed head used as a weapon, esp. in S. Africa 圆头棒(尤指南非的一种武器) [from KNOB + Nama kieri ‘knob kerrie’, suggested by Afrikaans knopkierie]

knobstick /ˈnɒbstik/ n.  1  = KNOBKERRIE  2 archaic [古义]  = BLACKLEG 

knock /nɒk/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  strike (a hard surface) with an audible sharp blow 敲；击，打(硬面)  knocked the table three times  敲三次桌子b intr.  strike, esp. a door to gain admittance 敲(尤指门)  can you hear someone knocking?  你听到有人在敲门吗？ knocked at the door  敲门 2 tr.  make (a hole, a dent, etc.) by knocking 敲成；击成(洞、凹痕等)  knock a hole in the fence  在篱笆上敲个洞 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out, off, etc.)  drive (a thing, a person, etc.) by striking 将(某物或某人等)撞走  knocked the ball into the hole  击球进洞 knocked those ideas out of his head  把那些想法从他脑海里驱除 knocked her hand away  把她的手撞开 4 tr. colloq.  criticize [口]批评 5 intr.  a (of a motor or other engine) make a thumping or rattling noise, esp. due to faulty combustion (汽车、发动机)发爆震声(尤指因燃烧不足而引起)b  = PINK3  6 tr. Brit. slang  make a strong impression on, astonish [英] [俚语]给…强烈印象，使震惊 7 tr. Brit. coarse slang offens. [英] [粗俗俚语] [冒犯]  = knock off 7  ●n.  1  an act of knocking 击，敲击，叩击 2  a sharp rap, esp. at a door 急促的敲击声(尤指敲门声) 3  an audible sharp blow 重重的敲打声 4  the sound of knocking in an engine, esp. in a motor engine (尤指汽车发动机的)爆震声 5 Cricket colloq.  an innings 【板球】[口]一局 □ knock about (or around)   1  strike repeatedly; treat roughly 接连敲击；粗暴对待，虐待  knocked her about  虐待她 2  lead a wandering adventurous life; wander aimlessly 漂泊，流浪；漫游；闲逛 3  be present without design or volition 散置，闲置  there's a cup knocking about somewhere  在那里闲放着一只杯子 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be associated socially 一起出入公共场所；厮混  knocks about with his brother  和他兄弟厮混在一起□ knock against   1  collide with 撞上，碰上 2  come across casually 偶遇，遇见□ knock back   1 colloq.  eat or drink, esp. quickly [口] (尤指一下子)吃掉；喝下 2 Brit. colloq.  disconcert [英口]使慌乱；使狼狈 3  reverse the progress of 阻碍，妨碍 4 Austral. & NZ colloq.  refuse, rebuff [澳新口]拒绝；抵制□ knock the bottom out of   see 见 BOTTOM □ knock down   1  strike (esp. a person) to the ground with a blow 将(尤指人)击倒在地 2  demolish 拆毁；推翻；拆除 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) (at an auction) dispose of (an article) to a bidder by a knock with a hammer (拍卖时)击槌卖出(某物)  knocked the Picasso down to him for a million  毕加索的画以 100 万的售价拍卖给他 4 colloq.  lower the price of (an article) [口]给(商品)减价，压价 5  take (machinery, furniture, etc.) to pieces for transportation (为搬运)把(机器、家具等)卸开 6 US slang  earn as a wage [美] [俚语]挣工资 7 Austral. & NZ slang  spend (a pay cheque etc.) freely [澳新] [俚语]挥霍(薪金)□ knock one's head against   come into collision with (unfavourable facts or conditions) 迎头碰上(不愉快或不利的事情)□ knock into a cocked hat   see 见 COCKED HAT □ knock into the middle of next week  colloq.  send (a person) flying, esp. with a blow [口] (尤指用拳)驱走(某人)□ knock into shape   see 见 SHAPE □ knock off   1  strike off with a blow 击倒，撞倒，撞掉 2 colloq. [口]  a  finish work 停止，中断工作  knocked off at 5.30  5 点 30 分下班b  finish (work) 完成(工作)  knocked off work early  提前完成工作 3 colloq.  dispatch (business) [口] (赶快)办完(事情) 4 colloq.  rapidly produce (a work of art, verses, etc.) [口]匆促地写出，即席作成(艺术作品、诗文等) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  deduct (a sum) from a price, bill, etc. (从价格、账单等中)减去，除去(款项) 6 slang  steal [俚语]偷窃 7 Brit. coarse slang offens.  have sexual intercourse with (a woman) [英] [粗俗俚语] [冒犯]与(女人)性交 8 slang  kill [俚语]杀死□ knock on  Rugby  drive (a ball) with the hand or arm towards the opponents' goal line 【英式橄榄球】以手(或臂)向前击球□ knock on the head   1  stun or kill (a person) by a blow on the head 当头一击打昏(或打死)某人 2 Brit. colloq.  put an end to (a scheme etc.) [英口]结束，制止(计划等)□ knock on (or knock) wood  N. Amer. [北美]  = touch wood □ knock out   1  make (a person) unconscious by a blow on the head 击昏(某人) 2  knock down (a boxer) for a count of 10, thereby winning the contest (拳击中)击倒(对手) (使对手在规定的 10 秒内不能立起) 3  defeat, esp. in a knockout competition (尤指在淘汰赛中)淘汰 4 colloq.  astonish, esp. by unexpected excellence, generosity, etc. [口] (尤指被出乎意料的完美、慷慨等所)震惊；倾倒 5 (作 refl.) colloq.  exhaust [口]使精疲力竭  knocked themselves out swimming  游泳把他们累垮了 6 colloq.  make or write (a plan etc.) hastily [口]匆促写出，草草拟出(计划等) 7  empty (a tobacco pipe) by tapping 磕净(烟斗) 8 Austral., NZ & US slang  earn [澳新美] [俚语]挣得，赚得□ knock sideways  colloq.  disconcert; astonish [口]击败；使目瞪口呆□ knock one's socks off   see 见 SOCK1 □ knock spots off  Brit.  defeat easily [英]轻易打败□ knock together   put together or assemble hastily or roughly 匆匆拼凑成，草草做成(建成)□ knock up   1 Brit.  make or arrange hastily [英]赶做；仓促安排 2  drive upwards with a blow 把…向上击 3  a  become exhausted or ill 筋疲力尽；累垮b  exhaust or make ill 使筋疲力尽；使累垮 4 Brit.  arouse (a person) by a knock at the door [英] (敲门)唤醒(某人) 5 Cricket  score (runs) rapidly 【板球】(快速跑动)得分 6 esp. US slang  make pregnant [尤美] [俚语]使怀孕 7 Brit.  practise a ball game before formal play begins [英]赛前练习，赛前试打□ take a (or the) knock   be hard hit financially or emotionally 经济(或感情)上遭到打击 [Middle English from Old English cnocian: probably imitative]

knockabout /ˈnɒkəbaʊt/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1 (of comedy) boisterous; slapstick (喜剧)喧闹的，嘈杂的，打闹的 2 (of clothes) suitable for rough use (衣服)干粗活穿用的，便用的 3 Austral.  of a farm or station handyman [澳] (农场或车站的)杂务工的 ●n.  1 Austral.  a farm or station handyman [澳]农场(或车站)的杂务工，零工 2  a knockabout performer or performance 闹剧演员(或演出)

knock-back n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a refusal; a rebuff [澳新口]拒绝；抵制

knock-down adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1 (of a blow, misfortune, argument, etc.) overwhelming (打击、不幸、辩论等)不可抵抗的，压倒一切的 2 colloq. (of a price) very low [口] (物价)低的，廉价的 3 (of a price at auction) reserve (拍卖价格)保留的，最低的 4 (of furniture etc.) easily dismantled and reassembled (家具等)能拆装的，可拆装的 5 (of an insecticide) rapidly immobilizing (杀虫剂)快速固定的 ●n. Austral. & NZ slang  an introduction (to a person) [澳新] [俚语] (给人)介绍

knocker /ˈnɒkə/ n.  1  a metal or wooden instrument hinged to a door for knocking to call attention 门环 2  a person or thing that knocks 敲击的人，敲击物 3 (in pl. 用复数) coarse slang  a woman's breasts [粗俗俚语]女子的乳房 4  a person who buys or sells door to door 挨家挨户兜售的商人 □ on the knocker   1 Brit. [英]  a (buying or selling) from door to door (买或卖)挨家挨户地b (obtained) on credit 赊(购) 2 Austral. & NZ colloq.  promptly [澳新口]立刻，马上□ up to the knocker  Brit. slang  in good condition; to perfection [英] [俚语]情况良好；十全十美

knocker-up n. Brit. hist.  a person employed to rouse early workers by knocking at their doors or windows [英史义]挨户敲门窗叫醒早班工人的人

knock for knock agreement n. Brit.  an agreement between insurance companies by which each pays its own policyholder regardless of liability [英]各自负责协议(保险公司之间的协议，不管责任如何，各公司只赔付自身的投保人)

knocking shop n. Brit. slang  a brothel [英] [俚语]妓院，窑子

knock knees n. pl.  an abnormal condition with the legs curved inwards at the knee 膝外翻 □ knock-kneed  adj.  

knock-off n. (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  a copy or imitation made esp. for commercial gain [口] (尤指为商业赢利的)复印本，翻印本

knock-on n. Rugby  an act of knocking on 【英式橄榄球】用手(或臂)的向前击球

knock-on effect n. esp. Brit.  a secondary, indirect, or cumulative effect [尤英]撞击效应，撞击作用(次效应、间接效应或累积效应)

knockout /ˈnɒkaʊt/ n.  1  the act of making unconscious by a blow 击昏 2 Boxing  etc. a blow that knocks an opponent out 【拳击】判败击倒 3 Brit.  a competition in which the loser in each round is eliminated [英]淘汰赛 also 亦作 attrib.: a knockout round  淘汰局 4 colloq.  an outstanding or irresistible person or thing [口]杰出的人(或物；) 给人留下深刻影响的人(或物)

knockout drops n. pl.  a drug added to a drink to cause unconsciousness (滴入饮料的)强麻醉药，蒙汗药

knock-up n. Brit.  a warm-up at tennis etc. [英] (打网球等前的)热身运动

knoll1 /nəʊl/ n.  a small hill or mound 小山丘；圆丘；土墩 [Old English cnoll ‘hilltop’, related to Middle Dutch, Middle High German knolle ‘clod’, Old Norse knollr ‘hilltop’]

knoll2 /nəʊl/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  = KNELL  2 tr.  summon by the sound of a bell (用钟声)召唤 ●n.  = KNELL  [Middle English, variant of KNELL: perhaps imitative]

knop /nɒp/ n.  1  a knob, esp. ornamental (尤指装饰性的)球形突出物 2  an ornamental loop or tuft in yarn 集圈，绒头 3 archaic  a flower bud [古义]蓓蕾 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch knoppe]

knopkierie /ˈknɒpkiəri/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  = KNOBKERRIE  [Afrikaans]

knot1 /nɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an intertwining of a rope, string, tress of hair, etc., with another, itself, or something else to join or fasten together (绳线、头发绺等的)结b  a set method of tying a knot 打结法，结扎法  a reef knot  平结c  a ribbon etc. tied as an ornament and worn on a dress etc. (用缎带等打成的装饰在衣服等上的)花结；肩饰d  a tangle in hair, knitting, etc. (头发、编织物的)扭结；纠结 2  a  a unit of a ship's or aircraft's speed equivalent to one nautical mile per hour (see 见 NAUTICAL MILE) 节(航速单位，等于每小时 1 海里)b  a division marked by knots on a log-line, as a measure of speed 测速绳节c colloq.  a nautical mile [口]海里 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a group or cluster 群；丛；簇  a small knot of journalists at the gate  等在门口的一群新闻记者 4  something forming or maintaining a union; a bond or tie, esp. of wedlock 结合物(尤指婚姻)，纽带 5  a hard lump of tissue in an animal or human body (人或动物身上的)肿块，硬结 6  a  a knob or protuberance in a stem, branch, or root (茎、枝、根上的)节；瘤；叶垫b  a hard mass formed in a tree trunk at the intersection with a branch (树干上与树枝交叉处的)节疤c  a round cross-grained piece in timber where a branch has been cut through (木板上的)节疤d  a node on the stem of a plant (植物茎上的)节；瘤 7  a difficulty; a problem 困难；难题 8  a central point in a problem or the plot of a story etc. (问题、故事情节等的)中心点，要点 9 (in full 全称 porter's knot) Brit. hist.  a double shoulder pad and forehead-loop used for carrying loads [英史义] (搬运工用的)垫肩；头垫 ●v. (knotted, knotting)  1 tr.  tie (a string etc.) in a knot 把(线等)打成结；把(线等)结牢 2 tr.  entangle 使缠结，使纠缠 3 tr.  knit (the brows) 皱(眉) 4 tr.  unite closely or intricately 使紧密(复杂)地结合  knotted together in intrigue  阴谋勾结在一起 5  a intr.  make knots for fringing 打结成流苏b tr.  make (a fringe) with knots 打结成(流苏) □ at a rate of knots  Brit. colloq.  very fast [英口]极迅速地，飞快地□ get knotted!  Brit. slang  an expression of disbelief, annoyance, etc. [英] [俚语] (用以表示怀疑、恼怒等)闭嘴；滚；去死吧□ tie in knots  colloq.  baffle or confuse completely [口]使紧张；使不安；使困惑□ knotless  adj.  □ knotter  n.  □ knotting  n. (esp. in sense 5a of v. 尤用于动词释义 5a)   [Old English cnotta, from West Germanic]

knot2 /nɒt/ n.  a small sandpiper, Calidris canutus 红腹滨鹬 [Middle English: origin unknown]

knot-garden n.  an intricately designed formal garden 精心设计的花园

knotgrass /ˈnɒtɡrɑ:s/ n.  1  a common weed, Polygonum aviculare, with creeping stems and small pink flowers 萹蓄 2  any of various other plants, esp. grasses, with jointed stems 两耳草

knot-hole n.  a hole in a piece of timber where a knot has fallen out (木板等的)节孔

knotty /ˈnɒti/ adj. (knottier, knottiest)  1  full of knots 多节的 2  hard to explain; puzzling 难以解释的；令人困惑的  a knotty problem  棘手的问题 □ knottily  adv.  □ knottiness  n.  

knotweed /ˈnɒtwi:d/ n.  a polygonum, esp. Fallopia japonica, a fast-growing Japanese plant, widely naturalized 蓼属植物(尤指萹蓄，一种生长迅速的日本植物)

knotwork /ˈnɒtwɜ:k/ n.  ornamental work representing or consisting of intertwined cords 打结(或棱结、钩编)产品

knout /naʊt, nu:t/ n. & v. hist. [史义] ●n.  a scourge used in imperial Russia, often causing death 皮鞭(旧时俄国的一种刑具，常可致死) ●v. tr.  flog with a knout 鞭笞 [French via Russian knut from Icelandic knútr: related to KNOT1]

know /nəʊ/ v. & n. ●v. (past knew /nju:/; past part. known /nəʊn/)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that, how, what, etc.)  a  have in the mind; have learnt; be able to recall 知道，懂得，记住  knows a lot about cars  懂很多与汽车有关的知识 knows what to do  知道做什么b (also absol. [亦含宾])  be aware of (a fact) 了解，知道(事实)  he knows I am waiting  他知道我在等候 I think he knows  我认为他知道c  have a good command of (a subject or language) 精通，掌握(一门学科或语言)  knew German  精通德语 knows his tables  熟记乘法表 2 tr.  be acquainted or friendly with (a person or thing) (与某人或某物)认识，熟悉；关系密切 3 tr.  a  recognize; identify 认出；辨认出；认定  I knew him at once  我马上认出了他 knew him for an American  我看出他是美国人b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  be aware of (a person or thing) as being or doing what is specified (对某人或某物)知晓  knew them to be rogues  觉察到他们是流氓c (foll. by 后跟 from)  be able to distinguish (one from another) (相互间能)辨别；识别；区分  did not know him from Adam  分辨不出他和亚当 4 tr.  be subject to 受…支配；受…影响  her joy knew no bounds  她无限欢欣 5 tr.  have personal experience of (fear etc.) 经历，体验(恐惧等) 6 tr. (as 作 known adj.)  a  publicly acknowledged 公认(的)，已知(的)  a known thief  公认的贼 a known fact  既成事实b Math. (of a quantity etc.) having a value that can be stated 【数】(数量等)已知(的) 7 intr.  have understanding or knowledge 确知；了解；知情 8 tr. archaic  have sexual intercourse with [古义]与…性交 ●n. (in phr. 用于短语 in the know) colloq.  well informed; having special knowledge [口]知情的，熟知内幕的；消息灵通的 □ all one knows (or knows how)   1  all one can 全部力量，尽其所能  did all he knew to stop it  尽他全部力量阻止它 2 adv.  to the utmost of one's power 竭尽全力地，尽一切可能地  tried all she knew  竭尽全力地尝试□ before one knows where one is   with baffling speed 瞬息之间□ be not to know   1  have no way of learning 没办法知道  wasn't to know they'd arrive late  不知道他们会来晚了 2  be not to be told 不被告知  she's not to know about the party  她没听说过聚会的事□ don't I know it!  colloq.  an expression of rueful assent [口] (表示不乐意的认可)就算我知道□ don't you know  colloq. or joc.  an expression used for emphasis [口] [诙] (表示强调)你也知道  such a bore, don't you know  你也知道，那是多么乏味的事□ for all (or aught) I know   so far as my knowledge extends 据我所知□ have been known to   have occasionally in the past 过去偶尔也会  they have been known to turn up late  他们过去偶尔也会迟到□ I knew it!   I was sure that this would happen 我早就知道事情会这样□ I know what   I have a new idea, suggestion, etc. 我有个主意(建议等)□ know about   have information about 知道…情况；了解□ know best   be or claim to be better informed etc. than others (消息等)最知底细，最在行□ know better than  (foll. by 后跟 that, or to + infin.)  be wise, well informed, or well-mannered enough to avoid (specified behaviour etc.) 有头脑，明事理(而避免某行为等)□ know by name   1  have heard the name of 只闻其名 2  be able to give the name of 叫得出…的名字□ know by sight   recognize the appearance (only) of (只是)面熟□ know how   know the way to do something 懂得怎么做(某事)□ know of   be aware of; have heard of 知道有，听说过  not that I know of  据我所知并非如此□ know one's own mind   be decisive, not vacillate 有决断，不犹豫；有自己明确的想法□ know the ropes (or one's stuff)   be fully knowledgeable or experienced 懂行，在行；精通业务□ know a thing or two   be experienced or shrewd 很有经验；精明能干□ know what's what   have adequate knowledge of the world, life, etc. 懂行；老练；通晓世事(生活等)□ know who's who   be aware of who or what each person is 知道谁是谁；熟悉每一个人的情况□ not know that ...  colloq.  be fairly sure that ... not [口]知道…不  I don't know that I want to go  我知道我不想去□ not know what hit one   be suddenly injured, killed, disconcerted, etc. 突受伤害；突遭杀害(感到仓慌失措等)□ not want to know   refuse to take any notice of 对…不感兴趣；不予理睬□ what do you know (or know about that)?  colloq.  an expression of surprise [口] (表示惊讶)你看怪不怪？真想不到！ □ you know  colloq. [口]  1  an expression implying something generally known or known to the hearer 你是知道的，你要知道  you know, the pub on the corner  你是知道的，街角的小酒店 2  an expression used as a gap-filler in conversation (交谈时作填补词)你知道□ you know something (or what)?   I am going to tell you something 我来告诉你，听我说□ you never know   nothing in the future is certain 很难说；世事难预料□ knowable  adj.  □ knower  n.   [Old English (ge)cnɑˉwan, related to CAN1, KEN]

know-all n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a person who seems to know everything [尤英口]自以为无所不知的人

know-how n.  1  practical knowledge; technique, expertise 实用知识，技术，专长 2  natural skill or invention 技能；窍门；本事

knowing /ˈnəʊiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  the state of being aware or informed of any thing 知晓；认识；认知 ●adj.  1 usu. derog.  cunning; sly [通常贬]世故的；狡猾的 2  showing knowledge or awareness; shrewd 有知识的；有见识的；消息灵通的；精明的 □ there is no knowing   no one can tell 没人知道，难以预料□ knowingness  n.  

knowingly /ˈnəʊiŋli/ adv.  1  consciously; intentionally 故意地，蓄意地  had never knowingly injured him  决不是存心伤害他 2  in a knowing manner 会意地  smiled knowingly  会意地微笑

know-it-all n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = KNOW-ALL 

knowledge /ˈnɒlidʒ/ n.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  awareness or familiarity gained by experience (of a person, fact, or thing) (由于有经验对个人、事实、事情)熟悉，知晓  have no knowledge of that  不知晓那件事b  a person's range of information 个人的信息范围  is not within his knowledge  超出了他的信息范围 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, language, etc. (对学科、语言等的)理解，了解  has a good knowledge of Greek  对希腊语有广泛的了解b  the sum of what is known 学识，学问，知识  every branch of knowledge  每门学问 3 Philos.  true, justified belief; certain understanding, as opposed to opinion 【哲】认识，知(识) 4  = CARNAL KNOWLEDGE  □ come to one's knowledge   become known to one 被某人得悉，被某人知道□ to my knowledge   1  so far as I know 据我所知 2  as I know for certain 我确知属实 [Middle English knaulege, with earlier verb knawlechen formed as KNOW + Old English -lœˉcan from lɑˉc as in WEDLOCK]

knowledgeable /ˈnɒlidʒəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 knowledgable)  well informed; intelligent 有见识的；知识渊博的 □ knowledgeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ knowledgeableness  n.  □ knowledgeably  adv.  

known past part.  of KNOW  

know-nothing n.  1  an ignorant person 无知的人 2 (also 亦作 Know-Nothing) US  a person who feigns ignorance or who denies holding an opinion, to avoid controversy (after the American Know-Nothing Party of the 1850s which denied its own existence and hence its opposition to immigrants esp. Catholics) [美]一无所知者；(大写)一无所知者党的成员(指假装无知或否认持有看法，以避免争论(来源于 19 世纪 50 年代美国的一无所知党，否认其自身的存在，反对新来移民，尤其是天主教徒)) □ know-nothingism  n. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)  

Knt. abbr. [缩略]  Knight 

knuckle /ˈnʌk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the bone at a finger joint, esp. that adjoining the hand 指节(尤指手指关节) 2  a  a projection of the carpal or tarsal joint of a quadruped (四足动物的)腕关节，跗关节b  a joint of meat consisting of this with the adjoining parts, esp. of bacon or pork (尤指熏猪肉的)肘；蹄 ●v. tr.  strike, press, or rub with the knuckles (指关节)叩击(或压、碰、擦) □ go the knuckle  Austral. slang  fight, punch [澳] [俚语]搏斗，用拳猛击□ knuckle down  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  apply oneself seriously (to a task etc.) 开始认真工作，干劲十足地(工作等) 2 (also 亦作 knuckle under)  give in; submit 屈服；认输□ rap on (or over) the knuckles   see 见 RAP1 □ knuckly  adj.   [Middle English knokel from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch knökel, diminutive of knoke ‘bone’]

knuckle-bone n.  1  bone forming a knuckle 指关节 2  the bone of a sheep or other animal corresponding to or resembling a knuckle (羊等的)跖骨；膝关节 3  a knuckle of meat 肘子肉；带跖骨的肉 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  animal knuckle-bones used in the game of jacks (接子游戏中用跖骨作的)骨头子b  the game of jacks (用跖骨作子的)接子游戏

knuckleduster /ˈnʌk(ə)ldʌstə/ n.  a metal guard worn over the knuckles in fighting, esp. to increase the effect of blows 指节套(戴在指关节上的金属套，打人时增加拳击效果)

knucklehead /ˈnʌk(ə)lhed/ n. colloq.  a stupid or dull-witted person [口]笨蛋，没头脑的人

knuckle sandwich n. slang  a punch in the mouth [俚语]对准嘴的一拳

knur /nɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 knurr)  1  a hard excrescence on the trunk of a tree 木节，木瘤 2  a hard concretion 结石，硬块 [Middle English knorre, variant of KNAR]

knurl /nɜ:l/ n.  a small projecting knob, ridge, etc. (节、埂等)球形突出物；狭长的隆起部 □ knurled  /nɜ:ld/ adj.   [KNUR]

KO abbr. [缩略]  1  knockout  2  kick-off 

koa /ˈkəʊə/ n.  1  a Hawaiian tree, Acacia koa, which produces dark red wood 夏威夷寇阿相思树(其木呈深红色) 2  this wood 寇阿相思树木材 [Hawaiian]

koala /kəʊˈɑ:lə/ n.  an Australian bearlike marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, having thick grey fur and feeding on eucalyptus leaves 考拉，树袋熊(产于澳洲的熊状有袋目动物，灰皮毛，以桉树叶为食) [Dharuk gula, gulawany]■Usage 用法说明 The embellished form, koala bear, is now considered incorrect. 修饰形式 koala bear 这种用法现已被认为是不正确的。 

koan /ˈkəʊɑ:n, ˈkəʊæn/ n.  a paradoxical anecdote or riddle without a solution, used in Zen Buddhism to demonstrate the inadequacy of logical reasoning and provoke enlightenment 公案(用于佛教禅宗的一种表面自相矛盾的轶事或没有谜底的谜语，以表明逻辑推理的不足而启发思维) [Japanese, = public matter (for thought)]

kob /kɒb/ n. (pl. same 单复同) (in full 全称 kob antelope)  a grazing antelope, Kobus kob, native to African savannah (非洲的)水羚羊 [Wolof (a language of Senegal and the Gambia) kooba]

kobold /ˈkəʊbəld/ n. (in Germanic mythology) (德国民间传说中的):  1  a familiar spirit; a brownie 小精灵，棕仙 2  an underground spirit in mines etc. (在矿山等的)地灵 [German]

KO'd /keiˈəʊd/ adj.  knocked out 淘汰的 [abbreviation]

Kodiak /ˈkəʊdiæk/ n. (in full 全称 Kodiak bear)  a very large Alaskan race of the brown bear 科迪亚克熊，阿拉斯加棕熊 [Kodiak Island, Alaska]

koel /ˈkəʊəl/ n.  a dark-coloured cuckoo, Eudynamys scolopacea 噪鹃，鬼布谷(一种深色布谷鸟) [Hindi kóīl from Sanskrit kokila]

kofta /ˈkɒftə, ˈkəʊftə/ n. (in Indian cookery) a spiced meatball (or fish or vegetable ball) (印度烹饪)肉丸(或鱼丸、蔬菜丸) [Urdu and Persian koftah ‘pounded meat’]

kohl /kəʊl/ n.  a black powder, usu. antimony sulphide or lead sulphide, used as eye make-up esp. in Eastern countries 眼圈粉(东方国家妇女的眼用化妆品，通常为硫化锑或硫化铅粉) [Arabic kuhl]

kohlrabi /kəʊlˈrɑ:bi/ n. (pl. kohlrabies)  a variety of cabbage with an edible turnip-like swollen stem 苤蓝(其球形茎可供食用) [German, from Italian cavoli rape (pl.) from medieval Latin caulorapa (as COLE, RAPE2)]

koi /kɔi/ n. (also 亦作 koi carp) (pl. same 单复同)  a carp of a large ornamental variety bred in Japan (日本的)大金鲤 [Japanese]

koine /ˈkɔini:/ n.  1  the common language of the Greeks from the close of the classical period to the Byzantine era 柯因内语(古希腊的共同语) 2  a common language shared by various peoples; a lingua franca 共同语 [Greek koinē (dialektos) ‘common (language)’]

kola var.  of COLA  COLA 的变体

kolinsky /kəˈlinski/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the Siberian weasel, Mustela sibirica, with a rich brown coat 亚洲貂，西伯利亚貂 2  the fur of this 貂毛皮 [Russian kolinskiĭ, from Kola in NW Russia]

kolkhoz /ˈkɒlkɒz, kʌlkˈhɔ:z/ n.  a collective farm in the former USSR (前苏联的)集体农庄 [Russian, from kollektivnoe khozyaĭstvo ‘collective farm’]

komitadji (also 亦作 komitaji) var.  of COMITADJI COMITADJI 的变体

Komodo dragon /kəˈməʊdəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Komodo monitor)  a large monitor lizard, Varanus komodoensis, native to the E. Indies (东印度群岛)科莫多巨蜥 [Komodo Island in Indonesia]

Komsomol /ˈkɒmsəmɒl/ n. hist. [史义]  1  an organization for Communist youth in the former Soviet Union (前苏联的)共青团 2  a member of this (前苏联)共青团团员 [Russian, from Kommunisticheskiĭ soyuz molodezhi ‘Communist League of Youth’]

Kongo /ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  1  a member of a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the region of the River Congo in west central Africa 刚果人 2  the language of this people 刚果语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)刚果人的； (有关)刚果语的 [native name]

koodoo var.  of KUDU  KUDU 的变体

kook /ku:k/ n. & adj. US slang [美] [俚语] ●n.  a crazy or eccentric person 狂人；怪人 ●adj.  crazy; eccentric 疯狂的；怪癖的 [20th c.: probably from CUCKOO]

kookaburra /ˈkʊkəbʌrə/ n.  any Australian kingfisher of the genus Dacelo, esp. D. novaeguineae, which makes a strange laughing cry Also called 亦称作 laughing jackass 笑翠鸟 , (尤指)蓝翅笑翠鸟(产于澳大利亚) [Wiradhuri guguburra]

kooky /ˈkʊki, ˈku:ki/ adj. (kookier, kookiest) slang  crazy, eccentric, strange [俚语]疯狂的；怪癖的；奇怪的 □ kookily  adv.  □ kookiness  n.  

kop /kɒp/ n.  1 S. Afr.  a prominent hill or peak [南非]小山；山岳 2 (作 Kop) Football  a high bank of terracing for standing spectators, esp. those supporting the home side 【足球】(尤指主场的)露天阶梯看台 [Afrikaans from Dutch, = head: cf. COP2; sense 2 from Spioen Kop, site of a Boer War battle]

kopek (also 亦作 kopeck) var.  of COPECK COPECK 的变体

kopi /ˈkəʊpi/ n. Austral.  powdered gypsum [澳]石膏粉 [Baagandji dialect gabi]

koppie /ˈkɒpi/ n. (also 亦作 kopje) S. Afr.  a small hill [南非]小山 [Afrikaans koppie, Dutch kopje, diminutive of kop ‘head’]

koradji /ˈkɒrədʒi, kəˈrædʒi/ n. (pl. koradjis) Austral.  an Aboriginal medicine man [澳]土著巫医 [Dharuk garraaji ‘doctor’]

Koran /kɔ:ˈrɑ:n, kə-/ n. (also 亦作 Quran, Qur'an /kə-/)  the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad and written down in Arabic (伊斯兰教)《古兰经》，《可兰经》(据说为传授给穆罕默德的神圣经文，用阿拉伯文书写) □ Koranic  /-ˈrænik, -ˈrɑ:nik/ adj.   [Arabic kur'ɑˉn ‘recitation’ from kara'a ‘read’]

Korea /kəˈriə/ n.  朝鲜；韩国 [亚洲]

Korean /kəˈri:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of N. or S. Korea in NE Asia (东北亚朝鲜或韩国的)朝鲜人；朝鲜族人 2  the language of Korea 朝鲜语，韩国语 ●adj.  of or relating to Korea or its people or language (有关)朝鲜(韩国)的；(有关)朝鲜(族)人的；(有关)朝鲜(韩国)语的

korfball /ˈkɔ:fbɔ:l/ n.  a game like basketball played by two teams consisting of six men and six women each 荷兰式篮球运动(比赛双方各 6 男 6 女) [Dutch korfbal, from korf ‘basket’ + bal ‘ball’]

korma /ˈkɔ:mə/ n.  a mildly-spiced Indian curry dish of meat or fish marinaded in yogurt or curds 考玛饭(一种微辣的印度咖喱菜肴，用酸奶或凝乳腌泡过的肉或鱼制成) [Urdu kormɑˉ from Turkish kavurma]

koruna /ˈkɒrʊnə, kəˈru:nə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, equal to 100 haleru 克朗(捷克及斯洛伐克货币单位； 1 克朗等于 100 赫勒) [Czech, = crown]

kosher /ˈkəʊʃə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of food or premises in which food is sold, cooked, or eaten) fulfilling the requirements of Jewish law (食物或店铺)符合犹太教规的 2 colloq.  correct; genuine; legitimate [口]正确的；真正的；合法的 ●n.  1  kosher food 符合犹太教规的洁净食物 2  a kosher shop 供应符合犹太教规洁净食物的店铺 [Hebrew kɑˉšēr ‘proper’]

koto /ˈkəʊtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Japanese musical instrument with 13 long esp. silk strings (尤指安装 13 根长丝弦的日式)古琴，筝 [Japanese]

kotow var.  of KOWTOW  KOWTOW 的变体

koumiss /ˈku:mis/ n. (also 亦作 kumiss, kumis)  a fermented liquor prepared from esp. mare's milk, used by Asian nomads and medicinally 马奶酒(亚洲牧民尤用马奶酿造的酒，作饮料或药用) [Tartar kumiz]

kouprey /ˈku:prei/ n.  a rare grey ox, Bos sauveli, native to forests in Indo-China 高棉野牛(一种灰色牛，原产于印度支那半岛的森林) [Cambodian]

kourbash /ˈkʊəbæʃ/ n. (also 亦作 kurbash)  a whip, esp. of hippopotamus hide, used as an instrument of punishment in Turkey and Egypt (土耳其和埃及尤用河马皮革制成作为刑具的)皮鞭 [Arabic kurbɑˉj from Turkish kirbɑˉç ‘whip’]

kowhai /ˈkəʊwai, ˈkɔ:fai/ n.  any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Sophora, esp. S. tetraptera native to New Zealand and Chile with pendant clusters of yellow flowers 四翅槐树(原产于新西兰和智利) [Maori]

kowtow /kaʊˈtaʊ/ n. & v. (also 亦作 kotow /kəʊˈtaʊ/) ●n. hist.  the Chinese custom of kneeling and touching the ground with the forehead in worship or submission [史义]叩头，磕头 ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  act obsequiously 卑躬屈膝 2 hist.  perform the kowtow [史义]叩头 [Chinese ketou, from ke ‘knock’ + tou ‘head’]

KP n. US Mil. colloq. [美]【军】[口]  1  enlisted men detailed to help the cooks (部队的)帮厨员 2  kitchen duty 炊事任务 [abbreviation of kitchen police]

k.p.h. abbr. [缩略]  kilometres per hour 

Kr symb. Chem.  the element krypton [符]【化】(化学元素)氪

kraal /krɑ:l/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a village of huts enclosed by a fence (由栅栏围起来的)栅栏村庄 2  an enclosure for cattle or sheep 牛栏，羊栏 [Afrikaans via Portuguese curral from Nama]

kraft /krɑ:ft/ n. (in full 全称 kraft paper)  a kind of strong smooth brown wrapping paper 牛皮纸 [German from Swedish, = strength]

krait /krait/ n.  any venomous snake of the genus Bungarus of E. Asia 金环蛇(东亚眼镜蛇科毒蛇) [Hindi karait]

kraken /ˈkrɑ:k(ə)n/ n.  a large mythical sea monster said to appear off the coast of Norway (传说出现在挪威沿海的)北海巨妖 [Norwegian]

krans /krɑ:ns/ n. S. Afr.  a precipitous or overhanging wall of rocks [南非]悬崖，峭壁 [Afrikaans from Dutch krans ‘coronet’]

Kraut /kraʊt/ n. slang offens.  a German [俚语] [冒犯]德国佬 [shortening of SAUERKRAUT]

kremlin /ˈkremlin/ n.  1  a citadel within a Russian town (俄国)城堡 2 (作 the Kremlin)  a  the citadel in Moscow (莫斯科)克里姆林宫b  the Russian or (formerly) USSR Government housed within it 俄罗斯政府；(前)苏联政府 [French, from Russian Kreml ′ , of Tartar origin]

Kremlinology /kremliˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study and analysis of Soviet or Russian policies 克里姆林学，苏联(俄罗斯)问题研究 □ Kremlinologist  n.  

kriegspiel /ˈkri:ɡspi:l/ n.  1  a war game in which blocks representing armies etc. are moved about on maps (用积木代表部队等的)图上军事演习 2  a form of chess with an umpire, in which each player has only limited information about the opponent's moves 克里斯皮尔棋 [German, from Krieg ‘war’ + Spiel ‘game’]

krill /kril/ n.  tiny planktonic crustaceans found in the seas around the Antarctic and eaten by fish and some seals and whales 鳞虾 [Norwegian kril ‘tiny fish’]

krimmer /ˈkrimə/ n.  a grey or black furry fleece of young Crimean lambs (灰色或黑色的)克里米亚卷毛羔皮 [German, from Krim ‘Crimea’]

kris /kri:s/ n. (also 亦作 crease, creese)  a Malay or Indonesian dagger with a wavy blade (马来人和印度尼西亚人的)波状刃短剑 [ultimately from Malay k(i)rīs]

Krishnaism /ˈkriʃnəiz(ə)m/ n. Hinduism  the worship of the Hindu god Krishna as an incarnation of Vishnu 【印度教】克里须那派(印度教中崇信克利须那的一派；) 牧牛神崇拜

kromesky /krə(ʊ)ˈmeski, ˈkrɒmeski/ n. (pl. -ies)  a croquette of minced meat or fish, rolled in bacon and fried (外裹熏肉的)油炸肉丸(或鱼丸) [apparently from Polish kromeczka ‘small slice’]

krona /ˈkrəʊnə/ n.  1 (pl. kronor pronunc. same 单复发音同)  the chief monetary unit of Sweden 瑞典克朗(瑞典货币单位) 2 (pl. kronur pronunc. same 单复发音同)  the chief monetary unit of Iceland 冰岛克朗(冰岛货币单位) [Swedish & Icelandic, = CROWN]

krone /ˈkrəʊnə/ n. (pl. kroner pronunc. same 单复发音同)  the chief monetary unit of Denmark and Norway 丹麦克朗(丹麦货币单位；) 挪威克朗(挪威货币单位) [Danish & Norwegian, = CROWN]

Kroo var.  of KRU  KRU 的变体

Kru /kru:/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Kroo) ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同)  a member of a black seafaring people on the coast of Liberia (利比里亚沿海的)克鲁人 2  the language of this people 克鲁语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Kru or their language (有关)克鲁人的；(有关)克鲁族的；(有关)克鲁语的 [West African]

krugerrand /ˈkru:ɡərænd, -rɑ:n, kru:ɡəˈrɑ:nt/ n.  a S. African gold coin depicting President Kruger (南非)克鲁格金币(上有总统克鲁格像) [S. J. P. Kruger, S. African statesman d. 1904, + RAND1]

krummhorn /ˈkrʌmhɔ:n, ˈkrʊm-/ n. (also 亦作 crumhorn)  a medieval wind instrument with a double reed and a curved end 双簧弯管(中世纪的一种管乐器，管端弯曲) [German, from krumm ‘crooked’ + Horn HORN]

krypton /ˈkriptɒn/ n. Chem.  an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group, forming a small portion of the earth's atmosphere and used in fluorescent lamps etc. (symbol 符 Kr) 【化】(用于日光灯等的) (化学元素)氪 [Greek krupton ‘hidden’, neut. adj. from kruptō ‘hide’]

KS abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Kansas (in official postal use) [美]堪萨斯州(正式邮政用语) 2 (in the UK) King's Scholar (英国)获得皇室基金所设的奖学金的学者

Kshatriya /ˈkʃætriə/ n.  a member of the second of the four great Hindu castes, the military caste 刹帝利(印度教 4 种姓氏中的第 2 级，为武士或统治阶层) [Sanskrit from kshatra ‘rule’]

KStJ abbr.  Knight of the Order of St John [缩略] (英国)圣约翰勋爵士

KT abbr. [缩略]  1  Knight Templar  2 (in the UK) Knight of the Order of the Thistle (英国)刺蓟勋爵士

Kt. abbr. [缩略]  Knight 

kt. abbr. [缩略]  knot 

K/T boundary n. Geol.  the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, marked by the extinction of many groups of organisms, including dinosaurs 【地质】白垩纪和第三纪的分界线(以包括恐龙在内的许多种生物的灭绝而划分) [from symbols for Cretaceous and Tertiary]

Ku symb. Chem.  the element kurchatovium [符]【化】(化学元素) [左“钅”右“库”]

Kuala Lumpur /ˈkwɑ:ləˈlumpuə/ n.  吉隆坡 [马来西亚首都]

kudos /ˈkju:dɒs/ n.  1  glory; renown 荣誉；名声 2 (often treated as pl. 常看作复数) US disp.  praise, acclaim [美] [异议]称赞，赞扬 [Greek]■Usage 用法说明 Kudos is not a plural noun and there is no singular kudo. Use in sense 2 should therefore be avoided. Kudos 不是复数名词，并且没有 kudo 的单数形式。因此应避免使用释义 2 。 

kudu /ˈku:du:, ˈkʊdʊ/ n. (also 亦作 koodoo) (pl. -s or same 单复同)  either of two African antelopes, Tragelaphus strepsiceros or T. imberbis, with white stripes and corkscrew-shaped ridged horns 大捻角羚羊(产于非洲，身上有白条纹，长有螺旋状大角)；白条纹羚羊 [Afrikaans koedoe from Xhosa i-qudu]

kudzu /ˈkʊdzu:/ n. (in full 全称 kudzu vine)  a quick-growing climbing plant, Pueraria lobata, with reddish-purple flowers 野葛(生长迅速的攀缘植物，开紫红花) [Japanese kuzu]

Kufic /ˈkju:fik/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Cufic) ●n.  an early angular form of the Arabic alphabet found chiefly in decorative inscriptions 古阿拉伯字母表，库法字体表(早期阿拉伯人用来作装饰性题铭) ●adj.  of or in this type of script (用)库法字体的 [attributed to the scholars of Kufa, a city S. of Baghdad in Iraq]

Ku Klux Klan /ku: klʌks ˈklæn, kju:-/ n.  a secret society of white people in the US, originally founded in the southern states after the Civil War to oppose social change and black emancipation by violence and terrorism 三 K 党(美国南北战争后成立于美国南部各州的白人秘密组织，以暴力、恐怖手段反对社会变革与黑人解放) [perhaps from Greek kuklos ‘circle’ + CLAN]

kukri /ˈkʊkri/ n. (pl. kukris)  a curved knife broadening towards the point, used by Gurkhas (廓尔喀人用的)阔头弯刀 [Hindi kukrī]

kulak /ˈku:læk/ n. hist.  a peasant working for personal profit in Soviet Russia [史义] (前苏联的)单干农民 [Russian, = fist, tight-fisted person]

kulan /ˈku:lən/ n.  a wild ass of SW Asia, closely related to the kiang 西(南)亚野驴；吉尔吉斯草原野驴 [Tartar]

Kultur /kʊlˈtʊə, 德 kʊlˈtu:r/ n. esp. derog.  German civilization and culture, seen as racist, authoritarian, and militaristic [尤贬]德国文明(看作德国种族主义、独裁主义和军国主义的文化) [German from Latin cultura CULTURE]

Kulturkampf /kʊlˈtʊəkæmpf, 德 kʊlˈtu:rkampf/ n. hist.  the conflict in 19th-c. Germany between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities, esp. as regards the control of schools [史义]文化斗争(德国在 19 世纪时帝国政府和天主教会之间的争斗，尤指争夺学校管理权) [German (as KULTUR, Kampf ‘struggle’)]

kumara /ˈku:mərə/ n. NZ  a sweet potato [新]甜薯 [Maori]

kumis (also 亦作 kumiss) var.  of KOUMISS KOUMISS 的变体

kumquat /ˈkʌmkwɒt/ n. (also 亦作 cumquat)  1  an orange-like fruit with a sweet rind and acid pulp, used in preserves 金桔，金柑 2  any shrub or small tree of the genus Fortunella yielding this 金柑树 [Cantonese variant of Chinese kin kü ‘golden orange’]

kung fu /kʊŋ ˈfu:, kʌŋ/ n.  a primarily unarmed Chinese martial art resembling karate 功夫，中国武术 [Chinese gongfu, from gong ‘merit’ + fu ‘master’]

kurbash var.  of KOURBASH  KOURBASH 的变体

kurchatovium /kɜ:tʃəˈtəʊviəm/ n. Chem. (a name proposed in the former USSR for) the artificial radioactive element of atomic number 104 (symbol 符 Ku) Also called 亦称作 RUTHERFORDIUM 【化】(化学元素) [左“钅”右“库”] (前苏联对 104 号元素的命名) [named after I. V. Kurchatov, Russian physicist d. 1960]

Kurd /kɜ:d/ n.  a member of a mainly pastoral Aryan Islamic people living in Kurdistan (contiguous areas of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey) 库尔德人(居住在伊拉克、伊朗、土耳其边界联接地区) [Kurdish]

kurdaitcha /kəˈdaitʃə/ n. (also 亦作 kadaitcha) Austral. [澳]  1  the tribal use of a bone in spells intended to cause sickness or death (土著部落在魔法中使用的)凶符骨(以咒人罹病或暴死) 2  a man empowered to point the bone at a victim 授权对受害者使用凶符骨的人 [probably Aranda gwerdaje]

Kurdish /ˈkɜ:diʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Kurds or their language (有关)库尔德人的；(有关)库尔德语的 ●n.  the Iranian language of the Kurds 库尔德语

kurrajong /ˈkʌrədʒɒŋ/ n. (also 亦作 currajong)  any of various Australian trees, esp. Brachychiton populneum, which produce a tough bast fibre (澳大利亚的)异叶瓶木(含有韧皮纤维) [Dharuk garrajung ‘fibre fishing line’]

kursaal /ˈkʊəsɑ:l, -z-/ n.  1  a building for the use of visitors at a health resort, esp. at a German spa (尤指德国游览胜地的)游客之家 2  a casino 娱乐场所；卡西诺赌场 [German, from Kur CURE + Saal ‘room’]

kurta /ˈkɜ:tə/ n. (also 亦作 kurtha)  a loose shirt or tunic worn by esp. Hindu men and women (尤指印度男人或妇女穿的)长而宽大的无领衬衫(或上衣) [Hindustani]

kurtosis /kɜ:ˈtəʊsis/ n. Statistics  the sharpness of the peak of a frequency-distribution curve 【统计学】峰度，峰态，峭度 [modern Latin from Greek kurtōsis ‘bulging’, from kurtos ‘convex’]

kuru /ˈkʊru:/ n. Med.  a fatal infection of the brain occurring in some peoples in New Guinea and thought to be caused by a virus-like agent such as a prion 【医】库鲁病(流行于新几内亚的一种致命病毒性脑病) [name in New Guinea]

Kuwait   科威特

Kuwaiti /kəˈwaiti/ adj. & n.  科威特的(人)

kV abbr. [缩略]  kilovolt(s) 

kvass /kvɑ:s/ n. (esp. in Russia) a fermented beverage, low in alcohol, made from rye flour or bread with malt (尤指俄罗斯)克瓦斯，淡啤酒(用黑麦粉或面包加麦芽发酵制成的低度饮料) [Russian kvas]

kW abbr. [缩略]  kilowatt(s) 

Kwa /kwɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the group of related languages, spoken from Ivory Coast to Nigeria, which includes Ibo and Yoruba 克瓦语(从象牙海岸到尼日利亚的一个语族，其中包括伊博语和约鲁巴语) 2 (pl. same 单复同)  a member of a Kwa-speaking people 讲克瓦语的人 ●adj.  of or relating to this group of languages (有关)克瓦语的 [native name]

KWAC /kwæk/ n. esp. Computing  keyword and context (尤)【计算】关键词和上下文 [abbreviation]

kwacha /ˈkwɑ:tʃə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Zambia and Malawi 克瓦查(赞比亚和马拉维货币单位) [native word, = dawn]

kwanza /ˈkwænzə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or kwanzas)  the chief monetary unit of Angola 宽扎(安哥拉货币单位) [perhaps from Swahili, = first]

kwashiorkor /kwɒʃiˈɔ:kɔ:, kwæ-/ n.  a form of malnutrition caused by a protein deficiency of diet, esp. in young children in the tropics 夸希奥科(病), 恶性营养不良病(尤指热带儿童因食物中缺少蛋白质而引起) [local name in Ghana]

kWh abbr. [缩略]  kilowatt-hour(s) 

KWIC /kwik/ n. esp. Computing  keyword in context (尤)【计算】上下文关键词，前后文关键词 [abbreviation]

KWOC /kwɒk/ n. esp. Computing  keyword out of context (尤)【计算】上下文外关键词，前后文外关键词 [abbreviation]

KY abbr. US  Kentucky (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]肯塔基州(正式邮政用语)

Ky. abbr. [缩略]  Kentucky 

kyanite /ˈkaiənait/ n.  a blue crystalline mineral of aluminium silicate 蓝晶石 □ kyanitic  /-ˈnitik/ adj.   [Greek kuanos ‘dark blue’]

kyanize /ˈkaiənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat (wood) with a solution of corrosive sublimate to prevent decay 氯化汞冷浸防腐处理(木材) [named after J. H. Kyan, English inventor d. 1850]

kyat /ki:ˈɑ:t/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or kyats)  the chief monetary unit of Myanmar (Burma) 缅元(缅甸货币单位) [Burmese]

kybosh var.  of KIBOSH  KIBOSH 的变体

kyle /kail/ n. (in Scotland) a narrow channel between islands or between an island and the mainland (苏格兰)狭海峡 [Gaelic caol ‘strait’]

kylie /ˈkaili/ n. W. Austral.  a boomerang [澳大利亚西部]澳大利亚回飞镖 [Nyungar (and other Aboriginal languages) garli]

kylin /ˈki:lin/ n.  a mythical composite animal figured on Chinese and Japanese ceramics (印制在中国和日本陶瓷器上的传说中的动物)麒麟 [Chinese qilin, from qi ‘male’ + lin ‘female’]

kyloe /ˈkailəʊ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  an animal of a breed of small usu. black long-horned highland cattle 基洛爱牛(产于高地的一种牛，体小，通常长黑色长角) 2  this breed 基洛爱牛种 [Gaelic gaidhealach ‘Gaelic, Highland’]

kymograph /ˈkaimə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording variations in pressure, e.g. in sound waves or in blood within blood vessels 记波器(如记录声波或血管中血液的变化) □ kymographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek kuma ‘wave’ + -GRAPH]

Kyoto /kiˈəutəu/ n.  京都 [日本城市]

kyphosis /kaiˈfəʊsis/ n. Med.  excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back (opp. 反义 LORDOSIS) 【医】脊柱后凸，驼背 □ kyphotic  /-ˈfɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek kuphōsis, from kuphos ‘bent’]

Kyrgyz /kiəˈɡi:z, ˈkɜ:ɡiz/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Kirghiz) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a Mongol people living in central Asia between the Volga and the Irtysh rivers, chiefly in Kyrgyzstan 吉尔吉斯人(居住在伏尔加河和额尔齐斯河之间的中亚地区的蒙古民族，主要生活在吉尔吉斯斯坦) 2  the Turkic language of this people 吉尔吉斯语(属突厥语族) ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)吉尔吉斯人的；(有关)吉尔吉斯语的 [Kyrgyz]

Kyrgyzstan   吉尔吉斯斯坦

Kyrie /ˈkiriei/ (in full 全称 Kyrie eleison /iˈleiizɒn, -sɒn, eˈlei-/) n.  a short repeated invocation (in Greek or translated) used in many Christian liturgies, esp. at the beginning of the Eucharist or as a response in a litany (天主教仪式中用希腊文或其他译文重复的)慈悲经；(尤指圣餐开始时的)启应祈祷 [Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek Kurie eleēson ‘Lord, have mercy’]

Kyushu /ˈkju:ʃu:/ n.  九州岛 [日本]

Köchel number /ˈkɜ:x(ə)l/ n. Mus.  a number given to each of Mozart's compositions in the complete catalogue of his works compiled by Köchel and his successors 【音】克氏编号(克谢尔及其后继者对莫扎特作品的编号) [named after L. von Köchel, Austrian scientist d. 1877]

kümmel /ˈkʊm(ə)l/ n.  a sweet liqueur flavoured with caraway and cumin seeds 莳萝利口酒，钦梅尔酒(带葛缕子、莳萝香味) [German (as CUMIN)]

L1 /el/ n. (also 亦作 l) (pl. Ls or L's)  1  the twelfth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 12 个字母 2 (as a Roman numeral) 50 (作罗马数字)50 3  a thing shaped like an L, esp. a joint connecting two pipes at right angles L 形物(尤指在直角处连接两个管子的接头)

L2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 L.)  1  Lake  2 Brit.  learner driver (cf. 参见 L-PLATE) [英]实习汽车司机 3  Liberal  4 Biol. 【生】  Linnaeus  5  lire  6  left 

L3 symb. [符]  1  laevorotatory  2  Avogadro's constant 

l1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 l.)  1  left  2  line  3  liquid  4  length  5 archaic  pound(s) (money) [古义]英镑(钱币)

l2 symb. [符]  litre(s) 

LA abbr. [缩略]  1  Library Association 图书馆协会 2  Los Angeles 洛杉矶 3 US  Louisiana (in official postal use) [美]路易斯安那州(正式邮政用语)

La symb. Chem.  the element lanthanum [符]【化】(化学元素)镧

La. abbr.  Louisiana [缩略]路易斯安那州

la var.  of LAH  LAH 的变体

laager /ˈlɑ:ɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. S. Afr.  a camp or encampment, esp. formed by a circle of wagons [尤南非] (尤指由货车围成的)营地，宿营地 2 Mil.  a park for armoured vehicles 【军】装甲车停车场 ●v.  1 tr.  a  form (vehicles) into a laager 用(车)围成营地(或阵地)b  encamp (people) in a laager 让(人员)驻扎在车阵内 2 intr.  encamp 扎营 [Afrikaans from Dutch leger: see LEAGUER2]

Lab. abbr. [缩略]  1  Labour  2  Labrador 

lab /læb/ n. colloq. [口]  laboratory  [abbreviation]

labarum /ˈlæbərəm/ n.  1  a symbolic banner 标志性的旗帜 2 hist.  Constantine the Great's imperial standard, with Christian symbols added to Roman military symbols [史义]康士坦丁大帝的皇室旗帜(由基督教标志加上罗马军事标志所构成) [Late Latin: origin unknown]

labdanum var.  of LADANUM  LADANUM 的变体

labefaction /læbiˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  a shaking, weakening, or downfall [文学用语]动摇；衰退；垮台 [Latin labefacere ‘weaken’, from labi ‘fall’ + facere ‘make’]

label /ˈleib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. small piece of paper, card, fabric, metal, etc., for attaching to an object and giving information about it, instructions for use, etc. (通常小块纸、卡、纤维、金属等的)标签，标志，标记(上有操作指南、用法说明等) 2 esp. derog.  a short classifying phrase or name applied to a person, a work of art, etc. [尤贬] (用于人、艺术品等的)分类名称，绰号，称号 3  a  the logo, title, or trade mark of esp. a fashion house or recording company (尤指时尚住宅或唱片公司的)标志；称谓；商标  brought it out under his own label  用他自己的商标将其推出b  the piece of paper in the centre of a gramophone record describing its contents etc. (置于唱片中心说明其内容的)片签，标目c  a record-producing company or part of one 唱片公司(或其部门) 4  an adhesive stamp on a parcel etc. (贴在邮包等物品上的)带胶邮票 5  a word placed before, after, or in the course of a dictionary definition etc. to specify its subject, register, nationality, etc. (在词典释义过程中置于前或后，表明学科、语域、国籍等的)标示，说明性略语 6 Archit.  a dripstone 【建】滴水石 7 Heraldry  the mark of an eldest son, consisting of a superimposed horizontal bar with usu. three downward projections 【纹章学】长子的标记(由水平横条和通常向下的 3 条垂饰组成) 8 Biol. & Chem.  a radioactive isotope, fluorescent dye, etc., used to label another substance 【生】【化】放射同位素；荧光染料(用来示踪其他物质) ●v. tr. (labelled, labelling; US [美] labeled, labeling)  1  attach a label to 贴标签于 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  assign to a category 把…归类为…  labelled them as irresponsible  把他们归为无责任心的人 3 Biol. & Chem.  make (a substance, molecule, or atom) identifiable by replacing an atom with one of a distinctive radioactive isotope, or by attaching a fluorescent dye to the molecule 【生】【化】示踪(用放射性同位素代替原子或把荧光染料附在分子上使物质、分子或原子可识别) □ labeller  n.   [originally = a strip or band: Middle English from Old French, = ribbon, probably from Germanic (as LAP1)]

labellum /ləˈbeləm/ n. (pl. labella /-lə/)  1 Zool.  each of a pair of lobes at the tip of the proboscis in some insects 【动】(昆虫的)唇瓣 2 Bot.  a central petal at the base of an orchid flower, usu. large and unlike the others 【植】(兰花花托上通常大的)中心花瓣 [Latin, diminutive of labrum ‘lip’]

labia pl.  of LABIUM  

labial /ˈleibiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the lips 唇的b Zool.  of, like, or serving as a lip, a liplike part, or a labium 【动】唇的，似唇的，用作唇(瓣)的 2 Dentistry  designating the surface of a tooth adjacent to the lips 【牙科学】近嘴唇处牙齿表面的 3 Phonet. 【语音】  a (of a consonant) requiring partial or complete closure of the lips (e.g. 如 p, b, f, v, m, w) (辅音)唇音的b (of a vowel) requiring rounded lips (e.g. oo in moon) (元音)圆唇音的(如 moon 中的 oo) ●n. Phonet.  a labial sound 【语音】唇音，圆唇音 □ labialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ labially  adv.   [medieval Latin labialis from Latin labia ‘lips’]

labial pipe n.  an organ pipe having lips; a flue pipe 管风琴唇管；风琴唇管

labia majora /məˈdʒɔ:rə/ n. pl.  the larger outer pair of labia of the vulva 大阴唇

labia minora /miˈnɔ:rə/ n. pl.  the smaller inner pair of labia of the vulva 小阴唇

labiate /ˈleibiət/ n. & adj. ●n.  any plant of the family Labiatae, including mint and rosemary, having square stems and a corolla or calyx divided into two parts suggesting lips 唇形科植物(包括薄荷属及迷迭香属植物，其茎呈方形，花冠或萼分成两部分，呈唇瓣状) ●adj.  1 Bot.  of or relating to the Labiatae 【植】(有关)唇形科的 2 Bot. & Zool.  like a lip or labium 【植】【动】似唇(瓣)的 [modern Latin labiatus (as LABIUM)]

labile /ˈleibil, -ail/ adj. Chem. (of a compound) unstable; liable to displacement or change esp. if an atom or group is easily replaced by other atoms or groups 【化】(化合物)不稳定的；(尤指原子及原子团)易变化的，易分解的 □ lability  /ləˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Late Latin labilis, from labi ‘to fall’]

labio- /ˈleibiəʊ/ comb. form  of the lips [构词成分]唇的 [as LABIUM]

labiodental /leibiəʊˈdent(ə)l/ adj. (of a sound) made with the lips and teeth, e.g. f and v (声音)齿唇音的(如 f 和 v 音)

labiovelar /leibiəʊˈvi:lə/ adj. (of a sound) made with the lips and soft palate, e.g. w (声音)圆唇软腭音的(如 w 音)

labium /ˈleibiəm/ n. (pl. labia /-biə/)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Anat.  each fold of skin of the two pairs that enclose the vulva 【解】阴唇 2  the lower lip in the mouthparts of an insect or crustacean (昆虫或甲壳动物的)下唇 3  a lip, esp. the lower one of a labiate plant's corolla (尤指唇形科植物花冠的)下唇瓣 [Latin, = lip]

labor US & Austral. [美澳] var.  of LABOUR LABOUR 的变体

laboratory /ləˈbɒrət(ə)ri, ˈlæb(ə)rət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a room or building fitted out for scientific experiments, research, teaching, or the manufacture of drugs and chemicals 实验室，研究室，实验教室，制剂室 [medieval Latin laboratorium from Latin laborare LABOUR]

laborious /ləˈbɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  needing hard work or toil 辛勤的，劳累的  a laborious task  艰辛的工作 2 (esp. of literary style) showing signs of toil; pedestrian; not fluent (尤指文体)刻意雕凿的；枯燥乏味的；不流畅的 □ laboriously  adv.  □ laboriousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French laborieus from Latin laboriosus (as LABOUR)]

labour /ˈleibə/ n. & v. (US, Austral. [美澳] labor) ●n.  1  a  physical or mental work; exertion; toil 体力(或脑力)劳动；劳力，努力；劳作b  such work considered as supplying the needs of a community (提供给社会需要的)工作，任务，活计 2  a  workers, esp. manual, considered as a social class or political force 劳工，工人(尤指体力劳动者，被视为社会阶级或政治力量)  a dispute between capital and labour  劳资之间的争论b (作 Labour)  the Labour Party 工党 3  the process of childbirth, esp. the period from the start of uterine contractions to delivery 分娩(尤指从子宫收缩到小孩出生)  has been in labour for three hours  已分娩了 3 小时 4  a particular task, esp. of a difficult nature (尤指困难的)任务 ●v.  1 intr.  work hard; exert oneself 努力；尽力 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  strive for a purpose 努力奋斗  laboured to fulfil his promise  尽力实现自己的诺言 3 tr.  a  treat at excessive length; elaborate needlessly 过分地处理，烦琐地阐述  I will not labour the point  我将不赘述此点b (as 作 laboured adj.)  done with great effort; not spontaneous or fluent 费劲(的)；不自然(的)；不流畅(的) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 under)  suffer under (a disadvantage or delusion) (因不利而)苦恼；(因误解而)困惑  laboured under universal disapproval  遭共同反对而苦恼 5 intr.  proceed with trouble or difficulty 艰难地行进  laboured slowly up the hill  缓慢吃力地登山 6 intr. (of a ship) roll or pitch heavily (船)强烈地颠簸 7 tr. archaic or poet.  till (the ground) [古义] [诗]耕种(土地) □ labour in vain   make a fruitless effort 徒劳□ labour of love   a task done for pleasure, not reward 不图报酬而为乐趣做的工作，爱做的工作 [Middle English via Old French labo(u)r, labourer from Latin labor, -oris, laborare]

labour camp n.  a prison camp enforcing a regime of hard labour (强制囚犯劳动的)劳动营

Labour Day n.  May 1 (or in the US and Canada the first Monday in September), celebrated in honour of working people 劳动节 (5 月 1 日)；劳工节(美国或加拿大的 9 月的第 1 个星期一)

labourer /ˈleib(ə)rə/ n. (US [美] laborer)  1  a person doing unskilled, usu. manual, work for wages 非熟练工人(通常指体力劳动者) 2  a person who labours 干活的人 [Middle English from Old French laboureur (as LABOUR)]

Labour Exchange n. Brit. colloq. or hist.  an employment exchange; a jobcentre [英口] [史义]劳工介绍所；职业介绍中心

labour force n.  the body of workers employed, esp. at a single plant (尤指在一个工厂里的)劳动力

labour-intensive adj. (of a form of work) needing a large work force or a large amount of work in relation to output (工作形式)劳动密集型的

labourism /ˈleibəriz(ə)m/ n. (US [美] laborism)  the principles of a Labour Party or the Labour movement 工党(或劳工运动)准则；劳工主义

Labourite /ˈleibərait/ n. (US [美] Laborite)  a member or follower of the Labour Party 工党党员(或追随者)

labour market n.  the supply of labour with reference to the demand on it 劳动力市场

labour of Hercules n.  a task needing enormous strength or effort 艰巨的工作

Labour Party n.  1  a British political party formed to represent the interests of ordinary working people (英国)工党 2  any similar political party in other countries (在其他国家与工党相似的)劳工党

labour-saving adj. (of an appliance etc.) designed to reduce or eliminate work (器械等)节省劳力的；减轻劳动强度的

labour theory of value n.  the Marxist theory that the value of a commodity should be determined by the amount of human labour used in its production (马克思主义的)商品价值论(由生产所需劳动量决定)

labour union n. US  a trade union [美]工会

labra pl.  of LABRUM  

Labrador /ˈlæbrədɔ:/ n. (in full 全称 Labrador dog or retriever)  1  a retriever of a breed with a black or golden coat often used as a gun dog or as a guide for a blind person 纽芬兰拾獚(毛皮黑黄相间，可为盲人引路) 2  this breed 纽芬兰拾獚犬种 [Labrador, a large peninsula in NE Canada]

labradorite /læbrəˈdɔ:rait/ n.  a kind of plagioclase feldspar, often showing iridescence from internal reflective planes 富拉玄武岩，闪光拉长石 [Labrador, a large peninsula in NE Canada]

labret /ˈleibrit/ n.  a piece of shell, bone, etc., inserted in the lip as an ornament (贝壳、骨片等的)唇饰 [LABRUM]

labrum /ˈleibrəm/ n. (pl. labra /-brə/)  the upper lip in the mouthparts of an insect (昆虫)上唇 [Latin, = lip: related to LABIUM]

laburnum /ləˈbɜ:nəm/ n.  any small tree of the genus Laburnum with racemes of golden flowers yielding poisonous seeds also called 亦称作 golden chain (金链花属植物)金链花 [Latin]

labyrinth /ˈlæb(ə)rinθ/ n.  1  a complicated irregular network of passages or paths etc.; a maze 迷宫似的通道(路径等)；迷宫 2  an intricate or tangled arrangement 错综复杂的布局 3 Anat.  the complex arrangement of bony and membranous canals and chambers of the inner ear which constitute the organs of hearing and balance 【解】迷路(由内耳骨与膜的管道和腔室构成的复杂组合) □ labyrinthian  /-ˈrinθiən/ adj.  □ labyrinthine  /-ˈrinθain/ adj.   [French labyrinthe or Latin labyrinthus from Greek laburinthos, in earliest use referring to the maze constructed by Daedalus in Greek Mythology to house the Minotaur]

labyrinth fish n.  = GOURAMI 2 

LAC abbr. [缩略]  Leading Aircraftman 

lac1 /læk/ n.  a resinous substance secreted as a protective covering by the lac insect, and used to make varnish and shellac (紫胶虫分泌的)紫胶 [Middle English from Portuguese lac(c)a, ultimately from Hindustani lɑˉkh via Prakrit lakkha from Sanskrit lɑˉksɑˉ]

lac2 var.  of LAKH  LAKH 的变体

Lacanian /ləˈkeiniən/ adj. & n. Psychol. 【心】  ●adj.  of or relating to the French psychologist Jacques Lacan (d.1981) or his methods of psychoanalysis (有关) (法国心理学家，死于 1981 年)雅克·拉康心理分析方法的 ●n.  a follower of Lacan or his methods 雅克·拉康的支持者；雅克·拉康的心理分析方法 □ Lacanianism  n.  

laccolith /ˈlækəliθ/ n. Geol.  a lens-shaped intrusion of igneous rock which thrusts the overlying strata into a dome 【地质】岩盖 [Greek lakkos ‘reservoir’ + -LITH]

lace /leis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fine open fabric, esp. of cotton or silk, made by weaving thread in patterns and used esp. for trimming garments (尤指棉纱或丝的)网眼织物(尤用于装饰服装) 2  a cord or leather strip passed through eyelets or hooks on opposite sides of a shoe, garment, etc., pulled tight and fastened 鞋带，(衣物上的)系带 3  braid used for trimming esp. dress uniform (尤装饰制服的)滚带  gold lace  金边 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  fasten or tighten (a shoe, garment, etc.) with a lace or laces 用系带扎紧(鞋、服装等)b  compress the waist of (a person) with a laced corset 用紧身胸衣束紧(某人)腰 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  add an ingredient to (a drink, dish, substance, etc.) to enhance or adulterate flavour, strength, effect, etc. 搀入，兑入(在饮料、菜肴或物质等中添加成分使有风味、活力、效力等)  laced with rum  加入朗姆酒 laced the potion with strychnine  饮剂中加入士的宁b  intermingle 使混和  ribaldry laced with philosophy  粗俗言语中混和着哲理 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  streak (a sky etc.) with colour 色彩布满(天空等)  cheek laced with blood  脸颊上布满了条条血迹b  interlace or embroider (fabric) with thread etc. (用线等在织物上)交织(或刺绣) 4 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 into) intr. colloq.  lash, beat, defeat [口]打，鞭打，击败 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through)  pass (a shoelace etc.) through 把(鞋带等)穿过…去 6 tr.  trim with lace 用滚带装饰 [Middle English from Old French laz, las, lacier, ultimately from Latin laqueus ‘noose’]

lace-glass n.  Venetian glass with lacelike designs 威尼斯式玻璃器皿(上有花边状图案)

lacemaker /ˈleismeikə/ n.  a person who makes lace, esp. professionally (尤指专业)花边制作者 □ lacemaking  n.  

lace-pillow n.  a cushion placed on the lap and providing support in lacemaking 织花边时置于大腿上的垫子

lacerate /ˈlæsəreit/ v. tr.  1  mangle or tear (esp. flesh or tissue) 损伤，撕裂(尤指肌肉或软组织) 2  distress or cause pain to (the feelings, the heart, etc.) 使苦恼；伤害(感情、心灵等) □ lacerable  adj.  □ laceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin lacerare from lacer ‘torn’]

lacertian /ləˈsɜ:tiən, -ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 lacertilian /læsəˈtiliən/, lacertine /ˈlæsətain/) ●n.  any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, including lizards 蜥蜴亚目爬行动物(包括蜥蜴) ●adj.  of or relating to the Lacertilia; lizard-like, saurian (有关)蜥蜴亚目爬行动物的；蜥蜴状的；(有关)蜥蜴类的 [Latin lacerta ‘lizard’]

lace-up n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  a shoe fastened with a lace 系鞋带的鞋子 ●attrib. adj. (of a shoe etc.) fastened by a lace or laces (鞋等)系带的

lacewing /ˈleiswiŋ/ n.  a neuropterous insect 脉翅类昆虫，草晴蛉

lacewood /ˈleiswʊd/ n.  the timber of the plane tree 梧桐树木材

lacework /ˈleiswɜ:k/ n.  work done in lace 网状物，花边

laches /ˈlætʃiz, ˈlei-/ n. Law  delay in performing a legal duty, asserting a right, claiming a privilege, etc. 【法律】(在执法护权和要求特权等方面的)疏忽，懈怠；延误，玩忽职守 [Middle English via Anglo-French laches(se), Old French laschesse from lasche, ultimately from Latin laxus ‘loose’]

lachryma Christi /ˌlækrimə ˈkristai, -ti/ n.  any of various Italian wines originally, but now not exclusively, made from grapes grown on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius (意大利)甘烈葡萄酒 [Latin, = Christ's tear]

lachrymal /ˈlækrim(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 lacrimal, lacrymal) ●adj.  1 formal  of or for tears [正式]泪的；流泪的 2 (usu. as 通常作 lacrimal) Anat.  concerned in the secretion of tears 【解】泪分泌的  lacrimal canal  主泪管 lacrimal duct  泪管 ●n.  1  = LACHRYMAL VASE  2 (in pl. 用复数) (usu. as 通常作 lacrimals)  the lacrimal organs 泪分泌器官 [Middle English via medieval Latin lachrymalis from Latin lacrima ‘tear’]

lachrymal vase n. hist.  a phial holding the tears of mourners at a funeral [史义] (在葬礼上盛哀悼者泪水的)泪瓶，泪壶

lachrymation /lækriˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 lacrimation, lacrymation) formal  the flow of tears [正式]流泪 [Latin lacrimatio from lacrimare ‘weep’ (as LACHRYMAL)]

lachrymator /ˈlækrimeitə/ n.  an agent irritating the eyes, causing tears 催泪剂

lachrymatory /ˈlækrimət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. formal  of or causing tears [正式]泪的，催泪的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a phial of a kind found in ancient Roman tombs and thought to be a lachrymal vase 泪瓶(古罗马墓穴中出土的小瓶，被认为作盛泪用)

lachrymose /ˈlækriməʊs/ adj. formal [正式]  1  given to weeping; tearful 爱哭的，泪汪汪的 2  melancholy; inducing tears 令人伤感的，催人泪下的 □ lachrymosely  adv.   [Latin lacrimosus from lacrima ‘tear’]

lacing /ˈleisiŋ/ n.  1  lace trimming, esp. on a uniform (尤指在制服上)镶的花边 2  a laced fastening on a shoe or garment (鞋、衣的)系带 3 colloq.  a beating [口]击打 4  a dash of spirits in a beverage (搀入饮料中的)少量烈性酒

lacing course n.  a strengthening course built into an arch or wall (拱形建筑或墙体的)带层

laciniate /ləˈsiniət/ adj. (also 亦作 laciniated /-eitid/) Bot. & Zool.  divided into deep narrow irregular segments; fringed 【植】【动】(分裂成)不规则条裂状的；有穗边的 □ laciniation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin lacinia ‘flap of a garment’]

lac insect n.  an Asian scale insect, Laccifer lacca, living in trees 紫胶虫(亚洲介壳虫)

lack /læk/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an absence, want, or deficiency 没有，缺乏，不足  a lack of talent  缺乏才能 felt the lack of warmth  感到缺少温暖 ●v. tr.  be without or deficient in 没有，缺少  lacks courage  缺乏勇气 □ for lack of   owing to the absence of 由于缺少  went hungry for lack of money  因没钱而挨饿□ lack for   lack 没有，缺乏，不足 [Middle English lac, lacen, corresponding to Middle Dutch, Middle Low German lak ‘deficiency’, Middle Dutch laken ‘to lack’]

lackadaisical /lækəˈdeizik(ə)l/ adj.  1  unenthusiastic; listless; idle 不热心的，无精打采的，懒散的 2  feebly sentimental and affected 感情脆弱的，易动情的 □ lackadaisically  adv.  □ lackadaisicalness  n.   [archaic lackaday, -daisy (int.): see ALACK]

lacker var.  of LACQUER  LACQUER 的变体

lackey /ˈlæki/ n. & v. (also 亦作 lacquey) ●n. (pl. -eys)  1 derog. [贬]  a  a servile political follower (政治上)奴性十足的追随者b  an obsequious parasitical person 走狗，卑躬屈膝的人 2  a  a (usu. liveried) footman or manservant 侍者，男仆(通常穿特殊制服)b  a servant 佣人 ●v. tr. (-eys, -eyed) archaic  behave servilely to; dance attendance on [古义]服侍，伺候；奉承 [French laquais, obsolete alaquais from Catalan alacay = Spanish ALCALDE]

lackey moth n.  a moth, Malacosoma neustria, developing from a brightly striped caterpillar 天幕蛾(由条纹鲜亮的毛虫变来)

lacking /ˈlækiŋ/ adj.  1  absent or deficient 没有的，不足的  money was lacking  缺钱 is lacking in determination  缺乏决心 2 colloq.  deficient in intellect; mentally subnormal [口]智力欠缺的；智能低下的

lackland /ˈlæklənd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person having no land 无土地的人 2 (作 Lackland)  a nickname for King John of England 无领地王(英格兰约翰王的绰号) ●adj.  having no land 无土地的

lacklustre /ˈlæklʌstə/ adj. (US [美] lackluster)  1  lacking in vitality, force, or conviction 无生气的，无活力的，缺乏信心的 2 (of the eye) dull (眼睛)无神的

Laconian /ləˈkəʊniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  an inhabitant or the dialect of ancient Laconia (古代)拉哥尼亚居民；拉哥尼亚方言 ●adj.  of the Laconian dialect or people; Spartan 拉哥尼亚方言的；拉哥尼亚人的；斯巴达式的 [Latin Laconia ‘Sparta’ from Greek Lakōn ‘Spartan’]

laconic /ləˈkɒnik/ adj.  1 (of a style of speech or writing) brief; concise; terse (说话或文章的风格)简洁的；简明的；言简意赅的 2 (of a person) laconic in speech etc. (人)说话简明扼要的 □ laconically  adv.  □ laconicism  /-isiz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin from Greek Lakōnikos, from Lakōn ‘Spartan’, the Spartans being known for their terse speech]

laconism /ˈlækəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  brevity of speech (说话)简洁 2  a short pithy saying 简练的格言，精辟的警句 [Greek lakōnismos from lakōnizō ‘behave like a Spartan’: see LACONIC]

lacquer /ˈlækə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 lacker) ●n.  1  a sometimes coloured liquid made of shellac dissolved in alcohol, or of synthetic substances, that dries to form a hard protective coating for wood, brass, etc. 漆(由溶化在酒精中的虫蛟或人造合成物制成的有色液体，涂于木材和黄铜等表面以形成保护层) 2 Brit.  a chemical substance sprayed on hair to keep it in place [英] (喷于头发的)定型发胶 3  the sap of the lacquer tree used to varnish wood etc. (漆木材等用的)天然漆 4 Art  decorative ware made of wood coated with lacquer 【艺术】漆器 ●v. tr.  coat with lacquer 用漆涂 □ lacquerer  n.   [obsolete French lacre ‘sealing wax’, from unexplained variant of Portuguese laca LAC1]

lacquer tree n.  an E. Asian tree, Rhus verniciflua, the sap of which is used as a hard-wearing varnish for wood 漆树

lacquerware /ˈlækəwɛə/ n.  decorative lacquered articles 漆器

lacquey var.  of LACKEY  LACKEY 的变体

lacrimal var.  of LACHRYMAI  LACHRYMAI 的变体

lacrimation var.  of LACHRYMATION  LACHRYMATION 的变体

lacrosse /ləˈkrɒs/ n.  a game like hockey, but with a ball driven by, caught, and carried in a crosse 曲棍兜网球 [French from la ‘the’ + CROSSE]

lacrymal var.  of LACHRYMAL  LACHRYMAL 的变体

lacrymation var.  of LACHRYMATION  LACHRYMATION 的变体

lactase /ˈlækteiz/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of enzymes which catalyse the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose 【生化】乳糖酶 [French from lactose LACTOSE]

lactate1 /lækˈteit/ v. intr. (of mammals) secrete milk (哺乳动物)分泌乳汁 [as LACTATION]

lactate2 /ˈlækteit/ n. Chem.  any salt or ester of lactic acid 【化】乳酸盐(或酯)

lactation /lækˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the secretion of milk by the mammary glands 乳汁分泌 2  the suckling of young 吮乳 [Latin lactare ‘suckle’ from lac lactis ‘milk’]

lacteal /ˈlæktiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of milk 乳汁(状)的 2 Anat. (of a vessel) conveying chyle or other milky fluid 【解】(导管)输送乳糜(或其他乳液)的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数) Anat.  the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorb digested fats 【解】(吸收脂肪的)小肠淋巴管 [Latin lacteus from lac lactis ‘milk’]

lactescence /lækˈtes(ə)ns/ n.  1  a milky form or appearance 乳状(形) 2  a milky juice 乳状液 [Latin lactescere from lactēre ‘be milky’ (as LACTIC)]

lactescent /lækˈtes(ə)nt/ adj.  1  milky 乳状的 2  yielding a milky juice 产乳液的

lactic /ˈlæktik/ adj. Chem.  of, relating to, or obtained from milk 【化】乳的，与乳相关的，从乳中提取的 [Latin lac lactis ‘milk’]

lactic acid n.  a clear odourless syrupy carboxylic acid formed in sour milk, and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise (透明、无气味、浆状的)羧酸(在酸乳中形成并在激烈运动中由肌肉产生)

lactiferous /lækˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  yielding milk or milky fluid 产乳或乳状液的 [Late Latin lactifer (as LACTIC)]

lacto- /ˈlæktəʊ/ comb. form  milk [构词成分]乳，奶 [Latin lac lactis ‘milk’]

lactobacillus /læktəʊbəˈsiləs/ n. (pl. -bacilli /-lai/) Biol.  any rod-shaped bacterium of the family Lactobacillaceae, producing lactic acid from the fermentation of carbohydrates 【生】乳(酸)杆菌

lactometer /lækˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for testing the density of milk 乳(比)重计

lactone /ˈlæktəʊn/ n. Chem.  any of a class of cyclic esters formed by the elimination of water from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid 【化】内酯 [German Lacton]

lactoprotein /læktəʊˈprəʊti:n/ n.  the albuminous constituent of milk 乳蛋白

lactose /ˈlæktəʊz, -s/ n. Chem.  a disaccharide sugar occurring in milk, formed of a glucose and a galactose monomer 【化】(由葡萄糖和半乳糖形成的)乳糖 [as LACTO-]

lacuna /ləˈkju:nə/ n. (pl. lacunae /-ni:/ or lacunas)  1  a hiatus, blank, or gap 裂缝，空白，缺口 2  a missing portion or empty page, esp. in an ancient manuscript, book, etc. (尤指古代手稿、古书等)空缺页，空白页 3 Anat.  a cavity or depression, esp. in bone 【解】凹陷，陷窝(尤指骨骼) □ lacunal  adj.  □ lacunar  adj.  □ lacunary  adj.  □ lacunose  adj.   [Latin, = pool, from lacus LAKE1]

lacustrine /ləˈkʌstrain, -rin/ adj. formal or Biol. [正式]【生】  1  of or relating to lakes 湖的，与湖泊相关的 2  living or growing in or beside a lake 湖中(或湖边)栖息(或居住、生长)的 [Latin lacus LAKE1, influenced by palustris ‘marshy’]

LACW abbr.  Leading Aircraftwoman [缩略]空军二等女兵

lacy /ˈleisi/ adj. (lacier, laciest)  of or resembling lace fabric (类似)花边状织物的 □ lacily  adv.  □ laciness  n.  

lad /læd/ n.  1  a  a boy or youth 男孩，小伙子b  a young son 年少的儿子 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) esp. Brit. colloq.  a man; a fellow, esp. a workmate, drinking companion, etc. [尤英口] (尤指一块工作、一块喝酒等的)哥们儿；伙伴  he's one of the lads  他是他们一伙的 3 Brit. colloq.  a high-spirited fellow; a rogue [英口]淘气鬼；放荡的小伙子  he's a bit of a lad  他有点儿放荡 4 Brit.  a stable worker (regardless of age or sex) [英]马夫(不论年龄或性别) [Middle English ladde, of unknown origin]

ladanum /ˈlædənəm/ n. (also 亦作 labdanum /ˈlæbdənəm/)  a gum resin from plants of the genus Cistus, used in perfumery etc. (用作香料等的岩蔷薇属)半日花脂 [Latin from Greek ladanon, from lēdon ‘mastic’]

ladder /ˈlædə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of horizontal bars of wood or metal fixed between two uprights and used for climbing up or down 梯子 2 Brit.  a vertical strip of unravelled fabric in a stocking etc. resembling a ladder [英] (长筒袜等织物的)纵向梯状抽丝部分 3  a  a hierarchical structure (统治集团的)等级制度b  such a structure as a means of advancement, promotion, etc. (发迹、提拔等的)途径 ●v. Brit. [英]  1 intr. (of a stocking etc.) develop a ladder (长筒袜等形成梯状)抽丝 2 tr.  cause a ladder in (a stocking etc.) 使(长筒袜等)形成梯状抽丝 [Old English hlœˉd(d)er, ultimately from Germanic: related to LEAN1]

ladder-back n. (in full 全称 ladder-back chair)  an upright chair with a back resembling a ladder (背部为梯式的)靠背椅

ladder stitch n.  transverse bars in embroidery 梯纹刺绣

ladder tournament n.  a sporting contest with each participant listed and entitled to a higher place by defeating the one above 阶梯式进级赛(击败名列前面的选手而获取此选手的名次)

laddie /ˈlædi/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a young boy or lad [尤英口]男孩，小伙子

laddish /ˈlædiʃ/ adj.  of or like a lad or lads (似)男孩子气的，像男孩子似的 □ laddishness  n.  

lade /leid/ v. (past part. laden /ˈleid(ə)n/)  1 tr.  a  put cargo on board (a ship) 给(船)装货b  ship (goods) as cargo 运(货) 2 intr. (of a ship) take on cargo (船)装货 3 tr. (as 作 laden adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a (of a vehicle, animal, person, tree, table, etc.) heavily loaded (车辆、牲畜、人、树、桌子等)载重的，重负的b (of the conscience, spirit, etc.) painfully burdened with sin, sorrow, etc. (良心和精神等) (被罪过和悲伤等)重压 [Old English hladan]

la-di-da /lɑ:diˈdɑ:/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  pretentious or snobbish, esp. in manner or speech 装腔作势的；自命不凡的(尤指举止或说话) ●n.  1  a la-di-da person 装腔作势的人 2  la-di-da speech or manners 装模作样的说话(或举止) [imitative of an affected manner of speech]

ladies pl.  of LADY  

ladies' chain n.  a figure in a quadrille etc. (在四对舞等中的)女子连手式

ladies' fingers n. pl. Brit. [英]  = OKRA(cf. 参见 LADY'S FINGER) 

Ladies' Gallery n.  a public gallery in the House of Commons, reserved for women (下议院专为女子保留的)妇女旁听席

ladies' man n. (also 亦作 lady's man)  a man fond of female company; a seducer 喜好与女人厮混的男人；勾引女人的男人

ladies' night n.  a function at a men's club etc. to which women are invited (男性俱乐部等)邀请女子参加的聚会

ladies' room n.  a women's lavatory in a hotel, office, etc. (旅馆、办公楼内的)女厕所

ladify var.  of LADYF  LADYF 的变体

Ladin /ləˈdi:n/ n.  the Rhaeto-Romanic dialect of the Engadine in Switzerland 拉亭语(瑞士雷蒂亚—罗马语方言) [Romansh, from Latin latinus LATIN]

lading /ˈleidiŋ/ n.  1  a cargo 货物 2  the act or process of lading 装载

Ladino /ləˈdi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the Spanish dialect (written in modified Hebrew characters) of some Sephardic Jews, esp. in Mediterranean countries (用修改过的希伯来字书写的)拉地诺语(尤指地中海国家内西班牙系犹太人所用的西班牙方言) 2  a mestizo or Spanish-speaking white person in Central America 梅斯蒂索混血儿；(中美洲讲西班牙语的)白人 [Spanish, originally = Latin, from Latin latinus LATIN]

ladino /ləˈdi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a large variety of white clover (Trifolium repens) native to Italy and cultivated esp. in the US for fodder 白三叶草(原产意大利，现在美国培育作为饲料) [Italian]

ladle /ˈleid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large long-handled spoon with a cup-shaped bowl used for serving esp. soups and gravy (尤指盛汤或肉汁的)长柄勺 2  a vessel for transporting molten metal in a foundry 铸勺 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  transfer (liquid) from one receptacle to another 舀出，盛出(液体) □ ladle out   distribute, esp. lavishly (尤指慷慨地)赠送，给予□ ladleful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ ladler  n.   [Old English hlœdel from hladan LADE]

lad's love n.  = SOUTHERNWOOD 

lady /ˈleidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a woman regarded as being of superior social status or as having the refined manners associated with this (cf. 参见 GENTLEMAN) (社会地位高的)贵妇；(具有文雅举止的)贵妇人b (作 Lady)  a title used by peeresses, female relatives of peers, the wives and widows of knights, etc. 夫人；小姐(女贵族、贵族女眷、爵士妻子和遗孀等的尊称) 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a woman; a female person or animal 妇女；女人；雌性动物  ask that lady over there  去问那边的那位妇女 lady butcher  女屠夫 lady dog  母狗 3 colloq. [口]  a  a wife 妻子b  a man's girlfriend 女朋友 4  a ruling woman 女主管，主妇，女主人  lady of the house  家庭女主人 lady of the manor  女庄园主 5 (in pl. as a form of address 用复数作为称呼形式)  a female audience or the female part of an audience 女士们，女听众 6 hist.  a woman to whom a man, esp. a knight, is chivalrously devoted; a mistress [史义] (男人，尤骑士的)情人；情妇 □ find the lady   = THREE-CARD TRICK □ my lady wife  joc.  my wife [诙]我的尊夫人□ the Ladies (or Ladies')  Brit.  a women's public lavatory [英]公共女厕所□ ladyhood  n.   [Old English hlœˉfdige from hlɑˉf LOAF1 + a Germanic base meaning ‘knead’, related to DOUGH: in Lady Day etc. from Old English genitive hlœfdigan ‘(Our) Lady's’]

Lady altar n.  the altar in a Lady chapel (圣母堂内的)圣坛

ladybird /ˈleidibɜ:d/ n.  a coleopterous insect of the family Coccinellidae, with wing-cases usu. of a reddish-brown colour with black spots 瓢虫(通常红棕色带黑点)

Lady Bountiful n.  a charitable but patronizing lady of a neighbourhood (after a character in Farquhar's The Beaux' Stratagem, 1707) 女施主，慷慨太太(为邻里慷慨解囊，又以恩人自居，英国剧作家法夸尔 1707 年所著剧本《纨绔子弟的计谋》中的人物)

ladybug /ˈleidibʌɡ/ n. dial. & N. Amer. [方] [北美]  = LADYBIRD 

Lady chapel n.  a chapel in a church or cathedral, usu. to the east of the high altar in a cathedral, to the south in a church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary (通常位于教堂内的)圣母堂

Lady Day n. esp. Brit.  the feast of the Annunciation, 25 Mar [尤英] (3 月 25 日的)圣母领报节

lady-fern n.  a slender fern, Athyrium filix-femina 蹄盖蕨

ladyfinger /ˈleidifiŋɡə/ n. N. Amer.  a finger-shaped sponge cake [北美]手指状松糕

ladyfy /ˈleidifai/ v. tr. (also 亦作 ladify) (-ies, -ied) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  make a lady of 使…成为贵妇人 2  call (a person) ‘lady’ 称(某人)为夫人 3 (as 亦作 ladyfied adj.)  having the manner of a fine lady 具有贵妇风度(的)

lady-in-waiting n. (pl. ladies-in-waiting)  a lady attending a queen or princess (王后或公主的)女侍从，亲随

ladykiller /ˈleidikilə/ n.  a practised and habitual seducer 专门勾引女性的男子

ladylike /ˈleidilaik/ adj.  1  a  with the modesty, manners, etc., of a lady (谦恭、举止等方面)贵妇人似的b  befitting a lady 合乎贵妇人身份的 2 (of a man) effeminate (男子)娘娘腔的

lady-love n.  a man's sweetheart (男子的)情人

Lady Mayoress n.  the wife of a Lord Mayor 市长夫人

Lady Muck n. Brit. slang derog.  a socially pretentious woman [英] [俚语] [贬]神气活现的女人

lady of easy virtue n.  a sexually promiscuous woman; a prostitute 荡妇；妓女

lady of the bedchamber n.  = LADY-IN-WAITING 

lady of the house n.  the female head of a household 家庭主妇

lady of the night n.  a prostitute 妓女

lady's bedstraw  see 见 BEDSTRAW 2 

lady's companion n. Brit.  a small case or bag containing needlework items [英]小针线盒，针线包

lady's finger n. Brit. [英]  1  = KIDNEY VETCH  2  = LADYFINGER(cf. 参见 LADIES' FINGERS) 

ladyship /ˈleidiʃip/ n. archaic  the state of being a lady [古义]贵妇身份(或地位) □ her (or your) Ladyship (or ladyship) (pl. their (or your) Ladyships)   1  a respectful form of reference or address to a Lady 夫人，小姐(对贵妇身份者提及时或当面的称呼) 2 iron.  a form of reference or address to a woman thought to be giving herself airs [讽]夫人阁下，小姐阁下(提及或当面称呼自命不凡妇女)

lady's maid n.  a lady's personal maidservant (夫人、小姐的)贴身女侍

lady's man var.  of LADIES' MAN  LADIES' MAN 的变体

lady's mantle n.  any plant of the genus Alchemilla (rose family), with yellowish-green clustered flowers (蔷薇科)斗篷草属植物

lady's slipper n.  any orchid of the genus Cypripedium, with a usu. yellow slipper-shaped lip on its flowers (杓兰属的)拖鞋兰，杓兰(通常花唇瓣呈黄色拖鞋状)

lady's smock n.  = CUCKOO FLOWER 1 

lady's tresses n. pl.  any white-flowered orchid of the genus Spiranthes 绶草属的(白花)兰科植物

Lady Superior n.  the head of a convent or nunnery in certain orders 女修道院院长；尼姑庵主持

laevo- /ˈli:vəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also 亦作 levo-)  on or to the left 在左边；向左边 [Latin laevus ‘left’]

laevorotatory /li:vəʊˈrəʊtət(ə)ri/ adj. (US [美] levorotatory) Chem.  having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the left (anticlockwise facing the oncoming radiation) (cf. 参见 DEXTROROTATORY) 【化】左旋的(逆时针旋转的)

laevulose /ˈli:vjʊləʊz, -s/ n. (US [美] levulose)  = FRUCTOSE  [LAEVO- + -ULE + -OSE2]

lag1 /læɡ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (lagged, lagging)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 behind)  fall behind; not keep pace 落后，跟不上 2 US Billiards  make the preliminary strokes that decide which player shall begin [美]【台球】预击(赛前预击几杆)以决定开杆者 ●n.  1  a delay 延误，延迟，耽搁 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  retardation in a current or movement 减速，滞后b  the amount of this 减速量，滞后量 □ lagger  n.   [originally = hindmost person, hang back: perhaps from a fanciful distortion of LAST1 in a children's game (fog, seg, lag, = 1st, 2nd, last, in dialect)]

lag2 /læɡ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (lagged, lagging)  enclose or cover in lagging 给…安置上绝热层 ●n.  1  the non-heat-conducting cover of a boiler etc.; lagging (锅炉等的)保温层，保护层；绝热层 2  a piece of this 保温(保护或绝热)物 [probably from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse lögg ‘barrel-rim’, related to LAY1]

lag3 /læɡ/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n. (esp. as 尤作 old lag)  a habitual convict 惯犯 ●v. tr. (lagged, lagging)  1  send to prison 投入监狱 2  apprehend; arrest 拘押；逮捕 [19th c.: origin unknown]

lagan /ˈlæɡ(ə)n/ n.  goods or wreckage lying on the bed of the sea, sometimes with a marker buoy etc. for later retrieval 沉于海底的货物(或船只) (有时系有浮标等以便打捞) [Old French, perhaps of Scandinavian origin, from root of LIE1, LAY1]

lager /ˈlɑ:ɡə/ n.  a kind of beer, effervescent and light in colour and body 贮藏啤酒(一种色淡多泡沫啤酒) [German Lagerbier ‘beer brewed for keeping’ from Lager ‘store’]

lager lout n. Brit. colloq.  a youth who behaves badly as a result of excessive drinking [英口]醉后闹事的年青人

laggard /ˈlæɡəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a dawdler; a person who lags behind 懒散的人；落后的人 ●adj.  dawdling; slow 迟缓的；缓慢的 □ laggardly  adj. & adv.  □ laggardness  n.   [LAG1]

lagging /ˈlæɡiŋ/ n.  material providing heat insulation for a boiler, pipes, etc. (锅炉、管道等的)绝热材料，保温材料 [LAG2]

lag of tide n.  the interval by which a tide falls behind mean time at the first and third quarters of the moon (cf. 参见 PRIMING2) 潮汐滞后现象

lagomorph /ˈlæɡəmɔ:f/ n. Zool.  any mammal of the order Lagomorpha, including hares and rabbits 【动】兔形类(兔形目)动物 [Greek lagōs ‘hare’ + morphē ‘form’]

lagoon /ləˈɡu:n/ n.  1  a stretch of salt water separated from the sea by a low sandbank, coral reef, etc. (被浅沙滩、珊瑚礁等与海隔开的)泻湖 2  the enclosed water of an atoll 环礁湖 3 US, Austral. & NZ [美澳新]  a small freshwater lake near a larger lake or river (大湖和大江近处的)淡水湖 4  an artificial pool for the treatment of effluent or to accommodate an overspill from surface drains during heavy rain (人工)污水处理池；蓄水池 □ lagoonal  adj.   [French lagune or Italian & Spanish laguna from Latin lacuna: see LACUNA]

Lagos /ˈleigɒs/ n.  拉各斯 [尼日利亚港市]

Lagrangian point /ləˈɡrɒ˜ʒiən/ n.  each of five points in the plane of orbit of one body around another (e.g. the moon around the earth) at which a small third body can remain stationary with respect to both 拉格朗日点(一天体绕另一天体(如月亮绕地球)运行的轨道平面上有 5 个拉格朗日点，当第 3 个小天体运行到这 5 点中的任何一点，它与其他两天体的位置保持相对的稳定) [named after J.L. Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician d. 1813]

lah /lɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 la) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the sixth note of a major scale (在首调 sol-fa 唱法中)大音阶的第六音 2  the note A in the fixed-doh system (在固定的 doh 体系中的) A 音 [Middle English from Latin labii: see GAMUT]

lahar /ˈlɑ:hɑ:/ n.  a mudflow composed mainly of volcanic debris 泥流(主要成分火山岩屑) [Javanese]

laic /ˈleiik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  non-clerical; lay; secular; temporal 非神职的；俗人的；外行的；尘世的；世俗的 ●n. formal  a lay person; a non-cleric [正式]俗人；外行人；非神职人员 □ laical  adj.  □ laically  adv.   [Late Latin from Greek laïkos, from laos ‘people’]

laicity /leiˈisiti/ n.  the status or influence of the laity 俗人的地位(身份、影响)

laicize /ˈleiisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (an office etc.) tenable by lay people 把(公职等)交予俗人去担任 2  subject (a school or institution) to the control of lay people 把(学校或学院)交予俗人管理 3  secularize 使还俗(或使世俗化) □ laicization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

laid past and past part.  of LAY1 

laid-back adj. colloq.  relaxed, unbothered, easygoing [口]放松的，无打扰的，轻松的

laid paper n.  paper with the surface marked in fine ribs 条纹纸，直纹纸

laid up adj.  confined to bed or the house 卧床的，闭门不出的

lain past part.  of LIE1  

lair1 /lɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a wild animal's resting place 兽穴b  a person's hiding place; a den 人躲藏之所；巢穴  tracked him to his lair  跟踪到他的藏身之地 2  a place where domestic animals lie down (家畜的)牲口栏 3 Brit.  a shed or enclosure for cattle on the way to market [英] (去集市途中供牛用的)围栏 ●v.  1 intr.  go to or rest in a lair 进窝，在窝内休息 2 tr.  place (an animal) in a lair 把(牲畜)赶进栏里 □ lairage  n.   [Old English leger from Germanic: cf. LIE1]

lair2 /lɛə/ n. & v. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语] ●n.  a youth or man who dresses flashily and shows off 穿着华美显眼的青年(或男子) ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  behave or dress like a lair 行为(或打扮)像纨袴子弟 □ lairy  adj.   [lair back-formation from lairy; lairy alteration of LEERY]

laird /lɛəd/ n. Sc.  a landed proprietor [苏格兰]地主，领主 □ lairdship  n.   [Scots form of LORD]

laissez-aller /leseiˈælei/ n.  unconstrained freedom; an absence of constraint 放任；放纵 [French, = let go]

laissez-faire /leseiˈfɛə/ n.  the theory or practice of governmental abstention from interference in the workings of the market etc. (政府对市场等运行的)不干涉理论(或做法)，不干涉主义 [French, = let act]

laissez-passer /leseiˈpɑ:sei/ n.  a document allowing the holder to pass; a permit 通行证；许可证 [French, = let pass]

laity /ˈleiiti/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the; usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  1  lay people, as distinct from the clergy 俗人(有别于神职人员) 2  non-professionals 外行者 [Middle English, from LAY2 + -ITY]

lake1 /leik/ n.  1  a large body of water surrounded by land 湖 2 (作 the Lakes) pl.  = LAKE DISTRICT  □ lakeless  adj.  □ lakelet  n.   [Middle English via Old French lac from Latin lacus ‘basin, pool, lake’]

lake2 /leik/ n.  1  a reddish colouring originally made from lac 胭脂虫红(由紫胶制成的红色颜料)  crimson lake  绯红色淀 2  a complex formed by the action of dye and mordants applied to fabric to fix colour 色淀 3  any insoluble product of a soluble dye and mordant 沉淀染料 [variant of LAC1]

Lake District n.  the region of the English lakes in Cumbria (英国坎布里亚郡)湖泊地区

lake-dwelling n.  a prehistoric hut built on piles driven into the bed or shore of a lake (史前建于木桩上或湖边的)湖上桩屋 □ lake-dweller  n.  

Lakeland /ˈleiklənd/ n.  = LAKE DISTRICT 

Lakeland terrier n.  1  a terrier of a small stocky breed originating in the Lake District (原产于湖泊地区的)湖区猎犬 2  this breed 湖区猎犬种

Lake Poets n. pl.  Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth, who lived in and were inspired by the Lake District 湖畔诗人(柯尔律治、骚塞、华兹华斯住在湖区，湖区环境激发诗人的灵感)

lakeside /ˈleiksaid/ attrib. adj.  beside a lake 湖边的

lakh /læk, lɑ:k/ n. (also 亦作 lac) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) Anglo-Ind.  a hundred thousand (rupees etc.) [印英]十万(卢比等) [Hindustani lɑˉkh from Sanskrit laksa]

lalapalooza var.  of LOLLAPALOOZA  LOLLAPALOOZA 的变体

Lallan /ˈlælən/ n. & adj. Sc. [苏格兰] ●n. (now usu. 现通常作 Lallans)  a Lowland Scots dialect, esp. as a literary language 苏格兰低地方言(尤作书面语言) ●adj.  of or concerning the Lowlands of Scotland 苏格兰低地的，与苏格兰低地相关的 [variant of LOWLAND]

lallation /læˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the pronunciation of r as l (把 r 念成 l 的)错误发音 2  imperfect speech, esp. the repetition of meaningless sounds by babies 不完善的言语，幼儿语(尤指婴儿重复无意义的音) [Latin lallare lallat- ‘sing a lullaby’]

lallygag /ˈlæliɡæɡ/ v. intr. (lallygagged, lallygagging) N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  loiter 闲逛，混日子 2  cuddle amorously 搂抱 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Lam. abbr. [缩略]  Lamentations (Old Testament) 

lam1 /læm/ v. (lammed, lamming) colloq. [口]  1 tr.  thrash; hit 抽打；击打 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  hit (a person etc.) hard with a stick etc. (用棍等)狠狠击打(人等) [perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse lemja ‘beat so as to LAME’]

lam2 /læm/ n.   □ on the lam  N. Amer. slang  in flight, esp. from the police [北美] [俚语]潜逃(尤指从警察手中逃脱) [19th c.: origin unknown]

lama /ˈlɑ:mə/ n.  a Tibetan or Mongolian Buddhist monk 喇嘛(中国西藏、蒙古的佛教僧侣) □ Lamaism  n.  □ Lamaist  n. & adj.   [Tibetan blama (with silent b)]

Lamarckism /ləˈmɑ:kiz(ə)m/ n.  the theory of evolution devised by Lamarck, French botanist and zoologist (d. 1829), based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics 拉马克(生物)进化论(拉马克为法国动植物学家，死于 1829 年) □ Lamarckian  n. & adj.  

lamasery /ˈlɑ:məs(ə)ri, ləˈmɑ:s(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a monastery of lamas 喇嘛寺 [French lamaserie, formed irregularly from lama LAMA]

lamb /læm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a young sheep 小羊，羔羊 2  the flesh of a lamb as food 羔羊肉 3  a mild or gentle person, esp. a young child 温顺的人(尤指小孩) ●v.  1  a tr. (in passive 用被动) (of a lamb) be born (小羊)出生b intr. (of a ewe) give birth to lambs (母羊)生小羊 2 tr.  tend (lambing ewes) 照看(产羊羔的母羊) □ the Lamb (or Lamb of God)   a name for Christ (see 见 John 1:29) (cf. 参见 AGNUS DEI) 耶稣□ like a lamb   meekly, obediently 温顺地，顺从地□ lamber  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)  □ lambhood  n.  □ lambkin  n.  □ lamblike  adj.   [Old English lamb, from Germanic]

lambada /læmˈbɑ:də/ n.  a fast erotic Brazilian dance which couples perform with their stomachs touching 朗巴达舞(一种巴西快节奏色情贴肚皮舞) [Portuguese, = a beating]

lambaste /læmˈbeist/ v. tr. (also 亦作 lambast /-ˈbæst/) colloq. [口]  1  thrash; beat 猛抽；狠打 2  criticize severely 严厉地批评，训斥 [LAM1 + BASTE3]

lambda /ˈlæmdə/ n.  1  the eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet (Λ，λ) 希腊语字母表第 11 个字母(Λ，λ) 2 (as 作λ)  a  the symbol for wavelength 波长符号b  the symbol for celestial longitude 黄经符号 [Middle English from Greek la(m)bda]

lambent /ˈlæmbənt/ adj.  1 (of a flame or a light) playing on a surface with a soft radiance but without burning (火焰、光)抖动的；闪烁的(但未引发燃烧) 2 (of the eyes, sky, etc.) softly radiant (眼、天空等)发柔光的 3 (of wit etc.) lightly brilliant (机智等)巧妙的 □ lambency  n.  □ lambently  adv.   [Latin lambere lambent- ‘lick’]

lambert /ˈlæmbət/ n.  a former unit of luminance, equal to the emission or reflection of one lumen per square centimetre 朗伯 (1 流光 / 平方厘米) [named after J. H. Lambert, German physicist d. 1777]

lambrequin /ˈlæmbrikin/ n.  1 US  a short piece of drapery hung over the top of a door or a window or draped on a mantelpiece [美]小帘子；饰巾(挂在门窗上或盖在壁炉架上) 2 Heraldry 【纹章学】  = MANTLING  [French from the Dutch diminutive of lamper ‘veil’]

lamb's ears n.  a garden plant, Stachys byzantina, with whitish woolly leaves 水苏属植物(园艺植物，有白绒叶)

lamb's fry n. Brit.  lamb's testicles or other offal as food [英] (食用的)羊羔下水(睾丸等)

lambskin /ˈlæmskin/ n.  a prepared skin from a lamb with the wool on or as leather (加工过的)小羊皮；羔皮革

lamb's lettuce n.  a plant, Valerianella locusta, used in salad 家独活(做色拉用的蔬菜)

lamb's-tails n. pl. Brit.  catkins from the hazel tree [英] (榛树)柔荑花絮

lambswool /ˈlæmzwʊl/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 lamb's-wool) ●n.  soft fine wool from a young sheep used in knitted garments etc. (编织服装等用的)羔羊毛 ●adj.  made of lambswool 由羔羊毛制作的

lame /leim/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  disabled, esp. in the foot or leg; limping; unable to walk normally 残疾的(尤指腿、脚)；瘸的；行走不便的  lame in his right leg  跛了右腿 2  a (of an argument, story, excuse, etc.) unconvincing; unsatisfactory; weak (论据、故事、借口等)站不住的；无法令人信服的；经不住争议的b (of verse etc.) halting (诗等)蹩脚的 ●v. tr.  1  make lame; disable 使成为瘸子；使成为残疾 2  harm permanently 使永久受伤害 □ lamely  adv.  □ lameness  n.  □ lamish  adj.   [Old English lama, from Germanic]

lamebrain /ˈleimbrein/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a stupid person [北美口]笨蛋 □ lamebrained  adj.  

lame duck n.  1  a disabled or weak person 残疾人；懦弱的人，不中用的人 2 Brit.  a defaulter on the Stock Exchange [英] (证券交易所中)无力偿清债务者 3 Brit.  a firm etc. in financial difficulties [英]财政拮据的商号(企业等) 4 US  an official (esp. the President) in the final period of office, after the election of a successor [美] (新一任选出后)即将离去的官员(尤指总统)

lamella /ləˈmelə/ n. (pl. lamellae /-li:/)  1  a thin layer, membrane, scale, or platelike tissue or part, esp. in bone tissue (尤指骨组织中的)薄层；薄膜；壳层；板状组织(或部分) 2 Bot.  a membranous fold in a chloroplast 【植】叶绿体的薄褶层 □ lamellar  adj.  □ lamellate  /ˈlæm(ə)lət/ adj.  □ lamelliform  adj.  □ lamellose  /-ləʊs/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of lamina: see LAMINA]

lamellibranch /ləˈmelibræŋk/ n.  = BIVALVE  [LAMELLA + Greek bragkhia ‘gills’]

lamellicorn /ləˈmelikɔ:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any beetle of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (formerly Lamellicornia), having lamelliform antennae, including the stag beetle, cockchafer, dung-beetle, etc. (有关)鳃角类甲虫(包括鹿角锹甲虫、金龟子、蜣螂等) ●adj.  of or relating to this superfamily (有关)鳃角类甲虫的 [modern Latin lamellicornis, from Latin lamella (see LAMELLA) + cornu ‘horn’]

lament /ləˈment/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a passionate expression of grief 悲痛之情，悲伤 2  a song or poem of mourning or sorrow 挽歌，哀诗 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  express or feel grief for or about; regret 哀悼；痛惜，悔恨  lamented the loss of his ticket  因丢失门票而懊恼 2 (as 作 lamented adj.)  a conventional expression referring to a recently dead person 令人惋惜(的)，令人痛惜(的)  your late lamented father  您已故的父亲 □ lament for (or over)   mourn or regret 哀悼；痛惜□ lamenter  n.  □ lamentingly  adv.   [Latin lamentum]

lamentable /ˈlæməntəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an event, fate, condition, character, etc.) deplorable; regrettable (事件、命运、情况、性格等)悲惨的，可悲的；令人痛惜的，令人遗憾的 2 archaic  mournful [古义]悲哀的，哀伤的 □ lamentably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French lamentable or Latin lamentabilis (as LAMENT)]

lamentation /læmənˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of lamenting 哀悼；痛恨；悔恨 2  a lament 挽歌，哀诗 3 (作 Lamentations or Lamentations of Jeremiah)  an Old Testament book concerning the destruction of Jerusalem in the 6th c. BC 《耶利米哀歌》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷，关于公元前 6 世纪耶路撒冷的毁灭) [Middle English from Old French lamentation or Latin lamentatio (as LAMENT)]

lamina /ˈlæminə/ n. (pl. laminae /-ni:/)  a thin plate, scale, or layer, e.g. of sedimentary rock or organic tissue 薄片；壳层；薄层(如沉积岩或有机组织) □ laminose  adj.   [Latin]

laminar /ˈlæminə/ adj.  1  consisting of laminae 由薄片(或层状体)组成的 2 Physics (of a flow) taking place along constant streamlines, not turbulent 【物理学】(流动)层流的

laminate v., n. & adj. ●v. /ˈlæmineit/  1 tr.  beat or roll (metal) into thin plates (金属)锤击(或辗压)成薄片 2 tr.  overlay with metal plates, a plastic layer, etc. (用金属薄片、塑料薄层等)叠成 3 tr.  manufacture by placing layer on layer 制成(层状产品) 4 tr. & intr.  split into layers or leaves 分割成层(或薄片) ●n. /ˈlæminət/  a laminated structure or material, esp. of layers fixed together to form rigid or flexible material 层状结构；层压材料(尤指层层压合制成的硬性或弹性材料) ●adj. /ˈlæminət/  in the form of lamina or laminae 薄层的，薄片的 □ lamination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ laminator  n.   [LAMINA + -ATE2, -ATE3]

laminitis /læmiˈnaitis/ n.  inflammation of the laminae of the hoof in horses and other animals 蹄叶炎

Lammas /ˈlæməs/ n. (in full 全称 Lammas Day)  the first day of August, formerly observed as harvest festival (旧时 8 月 1 日)收获节 [Old English hlɑˉfmœsse (as LOAF1, MASS)]

lammergeier /ˈlæməɡaiə/ n. (also 亦作 lammergeyer)  a large vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, with a very large wingspan (often of 3 m) and dark beardlike feathers on either side of its beak 胡兀鹫，欧洲大鹫(翼展长 3 米，喙边有黑须状羽毛) [German Lɑ¨mmergeier, from Lɑ¨mmer ‘lambs’ + Geier ‘vulture’]

lamp /læmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for producing a steady light, esp. 照明装置，尤指 :a  an electric bulb, and usu. its holder and shade or cover 电灯(通常带灯泡、灯座，灯罩)  bedside lamp  床头灯 bicycle lamp  自行车灯b  an oil lamp 油灯c  a usu. glass holder for a candle (通常玻璃的)烛台d  a gas jet and mantle (带白炽罩的)煤气灯 2  a source of spiritual or intellectual inspiration 灵感(知识)的源泉 3 poet.  the sun, the moon, or a star [诗]日；月；星辰 4  a device producing esp. ultraviolet or infra-red radiation as a treatment for various complaints (治疗各种疾病的)照射装置(尤指紫外线、红外线照射器) ●v.  1 intr. poet.  shine [诗]发亮光 2 tr.  supply with lamps; illuminate 照明，照亮 □ lampless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French lampe and Late Latin lampada from the accusative of Latin lampas ‘torch’, from Greek]

lampblack /ˈlæmpblæk/ n.  a pigment made from soot 灯黑(颜料)

lamp-chimney n.  a glass cylinder enclosing and making a draught for the flame of an oil lamp 油灯玻璃罩

lampern /ˈlæmpən/ n.  a lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, of rivers and coasts in NW Europe (西北欧)七鳃鳗 [Old French lampreion, diminutive of lampreie LAMPREY]

lamp holder n.  a device for supporting a lamp, esp. an electric one 灯座(尤指电灯灯座)

lamplight /ˈlæmplait/ n.  light given by a lamp or lamps 灯光 □ lamplit  adj.  

lamplighter /ˈlæmplaitə/ n.  1 hist.  a person who lights street lamps [史义]点街灯的人 2 US  a spill for lighting lamps [美] (用来点灯的)引火物；纸捻

lampoon /læmˈpu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a satirical attack on a person etc. (对某人等的)讽刺性攻击 ●v. tr.  satirize 讽刺 □ lampooner  n.  □ lampoonery  n.  □ lampoonist  n.   [French lampon, conjectured to be from lampons ‘let us drink’ via lamper ‘gulp down’ from laper LAP3]

lamp-post n.  a tall post supporting a street light 路灯柱

lamprey /ˈlæmpri/ n. (pl. -eys)  any eel-like fish of the family Petromyzonidae, without scales, paired fins, or jaws, but having a sucker mouth with horny teeth and a rough tongue 七鳃鳗(或八目鳗) [Middle English via Old French lampreie from medieval Latin lampreda: cf. Late Latin lampetra, perhaps from Latin lambere ‘lick’ + petra ‘stone’]

lampshade /ˈlæmpʃeid/ n.  a translucent cover for a lamp used to soften or direct its light 灯罩

lamp shell n.  a brachiopod 酸浆贝(腕足动物) [from the resemblance to an ancient oil lamp]

lamp standard n.  = LAMP-POST 

lamé /ˈlɑ:mei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fabric with gold or silver threads interwoven 含金银线的织物 ●adj. (of fabric, a dress, etc.) having such threads (织物、服装)有金银线的 [French, from Latin lamina LAMINA]

LAN /læn/ n. Computing  local area network 【计算】局域网 [abbreviation]

Lancastrian /læŋˈkæstriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Lancashire or Lancaster in NW England (英格兰西北部)兰开夏郡人；兰开斯特人 2 hist.  a follower of the House of Lancaster or of the Red Rose party supporting it in the Wars of the Roses (cf. 参见 YORKIST) [史义] (玫瑰战争中)兰开斯特王朝的追随者；红玫瑰派的追随者 ●adj.  of or concerning Lancashire or Lancaster, or the House of Lancaster (有关)兰开夏郡的，(有关)兰开斯特的，(有关)兰开斯特王朝的

Lance /lɑ:ns/   兰斯 [人名]

lance /lɑ:ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hist.  a long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head, used by a horseman in charging [史义]长矛b  a similar weapon used for spearing a fish, killing a harpooned whale, etc. (叉鱼、鲸鱼等的)扎鱼标枪 2  a metal pipe supplying oxygen to burn metal 氧气喷枪 3  = LANCER 1  ●v. tr.  1 Surgery  prick or cut open with a lancet 【外科】(用柳叶刀)扎破；割开 2  pierce with a lance 用矛刺穿 3 poet.  fling; launch [诗]掷，投；发射 [Middle English via Old French lancier from Latin lancea: lance corporal on analogy of obsolete lancepesade, the lowest grade of NCO, ultimately from Italian lancia spezzata ‘broken lance’]

lance bombardier n.  a rank in the Royal Artillery corresponding to lance corporal in the infantry (英国皇家炮兵军衔)相当于皇家陆军一等兵

lance corporal n.  the lowest rank of NCO in the Army (英国陆军)一等兵

lance-jack n. Brit. slang  a lance corporal or lance bombardier [英] [俚语]一等兵(英国陆军或英国皇家炮兵)

lancelet /ˈlɑ:nslit/ n.  any small non-vertebrate fishlike chordate of the family Branchiostomidae, that burrows in sand 文昌鱼 [LANCE n. + -LET, with reference to its thin form]

lanceolate /ˈlɑ:nsiələt/ adj.  shaped like a lance-head, tapering to each end 矛尖状的 [Late Latin lanceolatus from lanceola, diminutive of lancea ‘lance’]

lancer /ˈlɑ:nsə/ n.  1 hist.  a soldier of a cavalry regiment armed with lances [史义]长矛骑兵 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a quadrille for 8 or 16 pairs (8 对或 16 对的)方阵舞，兰谢舞b  the music for this 方阵舞曲，兰谢舞曲 [French lancier (as LANCE)]

lance-sergeant n.  a corporal acting as sergeant (由下士)代理中士

lance-snake n.  = FER DE LANCE 

lancet /ˈlɑ:nsit/ n.  a small broad two-edged surgical knife with a sharp point (尖头双刃小而扁的手术刀)柳叶刀 □ lanceted  adj.   [Middle English from Old French lancette (as LANCE)]

lancet arch n. (also 亦作 lancet light, lancet window)  a narrow arch or window with a pointed head 尖顶拱；尖顶拱窗

lancewood /ˈlɑ:nswʊd/ n.  a tough elastic wood from a W. Indian tree Oxandra lanceolata, used for carriage shafts, fishing rods, etc. 枪木(产于西印度，质坚韧，可制车轴、鱼竿等)

Lancs. abbr. [缩略]  Lancashire 

Land /lænt, lænd/ n. (pl. Lɑ¨nder /ˈlendə/)  a province of Germany or Austria (德国或奥地利的行政区)州 [German (as LAND)]

land /lænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the solid part of the earth's surface, as opposed to the sea or air 陆地(相对海、空而言) 2  a  an expanse of country; ground; soil 田野；地面；土壤b  such land in relation to its use, quality, etc., or (often prec. by 常前接 the) as a basis for agriculture (与使用、质量等有关的)土地；田地，耕地，农田  building land  建筑用地 this is good land  这是块良田 works on the land  种田；务农 3  a country, nation, or state 国土；民族；国家  land of hope and glory  希望而又光荣的民族 4  a  landed property 地产b (in pl. 用复数)  estates 房地产 5  the space between the rifling-grooves in a gun (枪炮的)阳堂线 6 Sc.  a building containing several dwellings [苏格兰]公寓楼 7 S. Afr.  ground fenced off for tillage [南非]用篱笆隔开的耕地 8  a strip of ploughland or pastureland parted from others by drain-furrows 用水沟隔开的耕地(牧场) ●v.  1  a tr. & intr.  set or go ashore 登陆；上岸b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  disembark 离船上岸  landed at the harbour  抵港上岸 2 tr.  bring (an aircraft, its passengers, etc.) to the ground or the surface of water 使(飞机及其乘客等)降落地面(或水面) 3 intr. (of an aircraft, bird, parachutist, etc.) alight on the ground or water (飞机、鸟、跳伞员等)降落到地面上(或水面上) 4 tr.  bring (a fish) to land, esp. with a hook or net 抓(鱼) (尤指钓鱼、捕鱼) 5 tr. & intr. (also 亦作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq.  bring to, reach, or find oneself in a certain situation, place, or state [口] (使)抵达；到达；陷于  landed himself in jail  使自己入狱 landed up in France  到达法国 landed her in trouble  使她陷入困境 landed up penniless  到了身无分文的地步 6 tr. colloq. [口]  a  deal (a person etc. a blow etc.) (对某人等)打(一拳等)  landed him one in the eye  打了他眼睛一拳b (foll. by 后跟 with) Brit.  present (a person) with (a problem, job, etc.) [英]把(问题、工作等)推给(某人) 7 tr.  set down (a person, cargo, etc.) from a vehicle, ship, etc. 让(人)下车(或船)，从(车上或船上等)卸下货等 8 tr. colloq.  win or obtain (a prize, job, etc.) esp. against strong competition [口] (尤指经过剧烈竞争)赢得，获得(奖品、工作等) □ how the land lies   what the state of affairs is 情况如何，形势怎样□ in the land of the living  joc.  still alive [诙]还活着□ land of cakes   Scotland 苏格兰，饼国□ land of Nod   sleep (with pun on the phr. in Gen. 4:16) 睡乡(《圣经·创世纪》中的双关含义)□ land on one's feet   attain a good position, job, etc., by luck 侥幸得到好职位，找到好工作等□ landless  adj.  □ landward  adj. & adv.  □ landwards  adv.   [Old English from Germanic]

land agent n. Brit. [英]  1  the steward of an estate 地产管理人 2  an agent for the sale of estates 地产经纪人 □ land agency  n.  

landau /ˈlændɔ:, -aʊ/ n.  a four-wheeled enclosed carriage with a removable front cover and a back cover that can be raised and lowered 前后车篷可开合的四轮马车 [Landau near Karlsruhe in Germany, where it was first made]

landaulet /lændɔ:ˈlet, -də-/ n.  1  a small landau 前后车篷可开合的四轮小马车 2 hist.  a car with a folding hood over the rear seats [史义]后座车篷可折叠的小轿车

land bank n.  a bank issuing banknotes on the securities of landed property 地产银行(发行地产证券)

land breeze n.  a breeze blowing towards the sea from the land, esp. at night 陆风(尤指夜晚由陆地吹向海洋的风)

land bridge n.  a neck of land joining two large land masses 陆桥(连接两大陆地的窄地)

land crab n.  a crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, that lives in burrows inland and migrates in large numbers to the sea to breed 陆栖蟹(生活在内陆地洞里，群迁海中繁衍的蟹)

land drain n.  a drain made of porous or perforated piping, placed in a gravel-filled trench, and used for subsoil drainage 地面排水沟 □ land drainage  n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  

landed /ˈlændid/ adj.  1  owning land 拥有土地的  landed gentry  拥有土地的绅士们 2  consisting of, including, or relating to land 由土地构成的；含有土地的，与土地相关的  landed property  地产

lander /ˈlændə/ n.  a spacecraft designed to land on the surface of a planet or moon 宇宙着陆器

landfall /ˈlæn(d)fɔ:l/ n.  the approach to land, esp. for the first time on a sea or air journey 接近陆地(尤指航海、航空途中初见到陆地)

landfill /ˈlæn(d)fil/ n.  1  waste material etc. used to landscape or reclaim areas of ground (用于填埋以美化环境或造田的)废弃物等 2  the process of disposing of rubbish in this way 废弃物填埋法 3  an area filled in by this process 废弃物填埋地

land force n. (also 亦作 land forces)  armies, not naval or air forces 陆军

landform /ˈlæn(d)fɔ:m/ n.  a natural feature of the earth's surface 地形，地貌

land girl n. Brit.  a woman doing farm work, esp. in wartime [英] (尤指战时)干农活的妇女

land-grabber n.  an illegal seizer of land, esp. hist. a person who took the land of an evicted Irish tenant 土地非法霸有者 ([尤史义]霸占被驱逐的爱尔兰佃农的土地)

landgrave /ˈlæn(d)ɡreiv/ n. (fem. landgravine /-ɡrəvi:n/) hist. [史义]  1  a count having jurisdiction over a territory 有领地管辖权的伯爵 2  the title of certain German princes 领主爵(某些德国王公的称号) □ landgraviate  /-ˈɡreiviət/ n.   [Middle Low German landgrave, Middle High German lantgrɑˉve (as LAND, German Graf COUNT2)]

landholder /ˈlændhəʊldə/ n.  the proprietor or, esp., the tenant of land 土地所有者；(尤指)佃农

landholding /ˈlændhəʊldiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a piece of land owned or, esp., rented 拥有的土地；(尤指)租用的土地 ●attrib. adj.  of or relating to landholders or the holding of land 土地拥有者的，与土地拥有者有关的；拥有土地的

landing /ˈlændiŋ/ n.  1  a  the act or process of coming to land (行动、过程)登陆，降落，上岸，下车b  an instance of this (实例)登陆，降落，下车c (also 亦作 landing place)  a place where ships etc. land (船等的)登陆地点 2  a  a platform between two flights of stairs, or at the top or bottom of a flight 楼梯间的过渡平台，楼梯顶部平台，楼梯底部平台b  a passage leading to upstairs rooms 通往楼上房间的过道

landing craft n.  any of several types of craft esp. designed for putting troops and equipment ashore (尤指运输兵员或设备的)登陆艇

landing gear n.  the undercarriage of an aircraft (飞机)起落架

landing net n.  a net for landing a large fish which has been hooked (用来捕捞上钩大鱼的)抄网

landing pad n.  a small area designed for helicopters to land and take off from (直升机)起落场

landing stage n.  a platform, often floating, on which goods and passengers are disembarked 浮水码头，栈桥

landing strip n.  an airstrip 简易飞机跑道

landlady /ˈlæn(d)leidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a woman who lets land, a building, part of a building, etc., to a tenant (出租土地、房屋等的)女地主；女房东 2  a woman who keeps a public house, boarding house, or lodgings (经营客栈、寄宿舍、公寓等的)女店主

land-law n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the law of landed property 地产法，土地法

landline /ˈlæn(d)lain/ n.  a means of telecommunication over land 陆上通讯线路

landlocked adj.  almost or entirely enclosed by land 陆地环抱的

landloper /ˈlændləʊpə/ n. esp. Sc.  a vagabond [尤苏格兰]流浪者 [Middle Dutch landlooper (as LAND, loopen ‘run’, formed as LEAP)]

landlord /ˈlæn(d)lɔ:d/ n.  1  a man who lets land, a building, part of a building, etc., to a tenant (出租土地、房屋等的)地主，房东 2  a man who keeps a public house, boarding house, or lodgings (经营客栈、寄宿舍或公寓的)店主

landlubber /ˈlændlʌbə/ n.  a person unfamiliar with the sea or sailing “旱鸭子”，不熟悉航海的人

landmark /ˈlæn(d)mɑ:k/ n.  1  a  a conspicuous object in a district etc. 地标，陆标b  an object marking the boundary of an estate, country, etc. (庄园、国土等的)界标，界石 2  an event, change, etc. marking a stage or turning point in history etc. 历史性重大事件，转折点；里程碑

land mass n.  a large area of land 大块陆地

landmine /ˈlæn(d)main/ n.  1  an explosive mine laid in or on the ground 地雷 2  a parachute mine 降落伞投掷的炸弹(水雷)

land office n. US  an office recording dealings in public land [美]土地管理局(登记国有土地买卖事宜)

land-office business n. US colloq.  enormous trade [美口]大生意

land of the Covenant n.  Canaan 迦南，立约地

landowner /ˈlændəʊnə/ n.  an owner of land 地主；土地所有者 □ landownership  n.  □ landowning  adj. & n.  

landrail /ˈlændreil/ n.  = CORNCRAKE 

landscape /ˈlæn(d)skeip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  natural or imaginary scenery, as seen in a broad view 自然景色；想像的景致 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a picture representing this; the genre of landscape painting 风景画；山水画 3 (in graphic design etc.) a format in which the width of an illustration etc. is greater than the height (cf. 参见 PORTRAIT 4) (平面造型设计等)宽度大于高度的版式 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  improve (a piece of land) by landscape gardening (通过造园艺术)美化(一片土地) □ landscapist  n.   [Middle Dutch landscap (as LAND, -SHIP)]

landscape architecture n.  the art or practice of planning and designing the environment, esp. with reference to fitting buildings, roads, etc. harmoniously into the landscape 园林建筑术，园林建筑学(规划设计环境的艺术，尤指将房屋建筑、道路等和谐地融入景色) □ landscape architect  n.  

landscape gardening n.  the art or practice of laying out ornamental grounds or grounds imitating natural scenery 园艺，造园术 □ landscape gardener  n.  

landscape-marble n.  marble with treelike markings 风景大理石(有树样的纹理)

landscape painter n.  an artist who paints landscapes 山水画家

Land's End n.  the westernmost point of Cornwall and of England 地端岬(英格兰与康沃尔郡的西顶端)

landside /ˈlæn(d)said/ n.  the side of an airport terminal to which the general public has unrestricted access (opp. 反义 AIRSIDE) 机场终端边缘区(公众可进入地区)

landslide /ˈlæn(d)slaid/ n.  1  the sliding down of a mass of land from a mountain, cliff, etc. (山、岩等的)山崩，滑坡 2  an overwhelming majority for one side in an election (选举中的)压倒多数票

landslip /ˈlæn(d)slip/ n. Brit. [英]  = LANDSLIDE 1 

landsman /ˈlæn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a non-sailor 不熟水性者，未出过海的人

land tax n. hist.  a tax assessed on landed property [史义]地产税，土地税

land-tie n.  a rod, beam, or piece of masonry securing or supporting a wall etc. by connecting it with the ground (支承墙等的)着地支杆(梁或石砖)

land-wind n.  a wind blowing seaward from the land 陆风

land yacht n.  a vehicle with wheels and sails for recreational use on a beach etc. (沙滩等上供娱乐的)风帆车，快艇车

lane /lein/ n.  1  a narrow, often rural, road, street, or path 窄路，(常指农村的)小街，小道，小路 2  a division of a road for a stream of traffic 车道  three-lane highway  三车道公路 3  a strip of track or water for a runner, rower, or swimmer in a race (比赛)跑道；水道；泳道 4  a path or course prescribed for or regularly followed by a ship, aircraft, etc. (船、飞机等的)航海线；航空线  ocean lane  远洋航路 5  a gangway between crowds of people, objects, etc. (人、物等之间的)通道，过道 □ it's a long lane that has no turning   change is inevitable 路必有弯；事必有变 [Old English: origin unknown]

langlauf /ˈlæŋlaʊf/ n.  cross-country skiing; a cross-country skiing race 越野滑雪；越野滑雪赛 [German, = long run]

langouste /ˈlɒŋɡu:st/ n.  a crawfish or spiny lobster 龙虾 [French]

langoustine /ˈlɒŋɡʊsti:n/ n.  = NORWAY LOBSTER  [French]

lang syne /læŋ ˈsain/ adv. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●adv.  in the distant past 很久以前，往昔 ●n.  the old days (cf. 参见 AULD LANG SYNE) 昔日 [= long since]

language /ˈlæŋɡwidʒ/ n.  1  the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in an agreed way 语言(包括口头和书面) 2  the language of a particular community or country etc. 特定群体或国家的语言  speaks several languages  能说几种语言 3  a  the faculty of speech 说话能力b  a style or the faculty of expression; the use of words, etc. 语言表达方式，语言表达能力；措词  his language was poetic  他的语言富有诗意 hasn't the language to express it  语言无法表达c (also 亦作 bad language)  coarse, crude, or abusive speech 粗俗(猥亵或谩骂)的语言  didn't like his language  不喜欢他的粗俗语言 4  a system of symbols and rules for writing computer programs or algorithms 计算机语言 5  any method of expression or communication (除语言文字外的)表达(或交际)方法  the language of mime  哑语 sign language  手势语 6  a professional or specialized vocabulary 术语；专门词汇 7  literary style 书面体 □ speak the same language   have a similar outlook, manner of expression, etc. 有着相同的观点(和表达方式等) [Middle English from Old French langage, ultimately from Latin lingua ‘tongue’]

language laboratory n.  a room equipped with tape recorders etc. for learning a foreign language 语言实验室(配备有录音机等设备供语言学习)

language of flowers n.  a set of symbolic meanings attached to different flowers 花的语言(不同的花具有不同的象征意义)

langue de chat /l:ŋ də ˈʃɑ:, 法 lɑ˜ɡ də ʃa/ n.  a very thin finger-shaped crisp biscuit or piece of chocolate 手指形脆饼干(或巧克力片) [French, = cat's tongue]

langue d'oc /lɑ:ŋ ˈdɒk, 法 lɑ˜ɡ dɔk/ n.  the form of medieval French spoken south of the Loire, the basis of modern Provençal 奥克语(中世纪法国卢瓦尔河南部方言，后演变成现代的普罗旺斯语) [Old French langue ‘language’ from Latin lingua ‘tongue’ + de ‘of’ + oc (from Latin hoc) the form for yes]

langue d'oïl /lɑ:ŋ ˈdɔil, 法 lɑ˜ɡ dɔjl/ n.  the form of medieval French spoken north of the Loire, the basis of modern French 奥依语(中世纪法国卢瓦尔河北部方言，后演变成现代法语) [as LANGUE D'OC + oïl (from Latin hoc ille) the form for yes]

languid /ˈlæŋɡwid/ adj.  1  lacking vigour; idle; inert; apathetic 不活泼的；懒散的；迟缓的；冷漠的 2 (of ideas etc.) lacking force; uninteresting (想法等)缺乏朝气的；乏味的 3 (of trade etc.) slow-moving; sluggish (生意等)商品滞销的；萧条的 4  faint; weak 无力的；软弱的 □ languidly  adv.  □ languidness  n.   [French languide or Latin languidus (as LANGUISH)]

languish /ˈlæŋɡwiʃ/ v. intr.  1  be or grow feeble; lose or lack vitality 变得衰弱；失去活力，缺乏活力 2  put on a sentimentally tender or languid look 摆出一付柔情脉脉的(或冷漠的)表情 □ languish for   droop or pine for 因渴望而变得委靡；苦苦思念□ languish under   suffer under (esp. depression, confinement, etc.) (尤因沮丧、拘禁等)遭受痛苦□ languisher  n.  □ languishingly  adv.  □ languishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French languir, ultimately from Latin languēre: related to LAX]

languor /ˈlæŋɡə/ n.  1  lack of energy or alertness; inertia; idleness; dullness 缺乏活力，缺乏警觉；迟钝；懒散；呆板 2  faintness; fatigue 乏力；疲惫 3  a soft or tender mood or effect 柔情，温柔 4  an oppressive stillness (of the air etc.) (气氛等)沉闷；压抑 □ languorous  adj.  □ languorously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin languor -oris (as LANGUISH)]

langur /ˈlæŋɡə, lænˈɡʊə/ n.  any of various Asian long-tailed monkeys esp. of the genus Presbytis 亚洲长尾猴(尤指龄猴) [Hindi]

laniary /ˈlæniəri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a tooth) adapted for tearing; canine (牙齿)宜于撕碎食物的；犬齿的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a laniary tooth 犬齿 [Latin laniarius via lanius ‘butcher’ from laniare ‘to tear’]

laniferous /ləˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj. (also 亦作 lanigerous /ləˈnidʒ(ə)rəs/)  wool-bearing 有羊毛的，有软毛的 [Latin lanifer, -ger from lana ‘wool’]

lank /læŋk/ adj.  1 (of hair, grass, etc.) long, limp, and straight (头发、草等)长的；软的；直的 2  thin and tall 瘦高的 3  shrunken; spare 皱缩的，瘦削的 □ lankly  adv.  □ lankness  n.   [Old English hlanc, from Germanic]

lanky /ˈlæŋki/ adj. (lankier, lankiest) (of limbs, a person, etc.) ungracefully thin and long or tall (四肢、人等)瘦长得难看的 □ lankily  adv.  □ lankiness  n.  

lanner /ˈlænə/ n.  a S. European falcon, Falco biarmicus, esp. the female 南欧隼，兰纳隼(尤指雌性) [Middle English via Old French lanier (perhaps from Old French lanier ‘cowardly’, originally = weaver) from Latin lanarius ‘wool-merchant’, from lana ‘wool’]

lanneret /ˈlænərit/ n.  a male lanner, smaller than the female 兰纳雄隼(比雌性小) [Middle English from Old French laneret (as LANNER)]

lanolin /ˈlæn(ə)lin/ n.  a fat found naturally on sheep's wool and used purified as a base for ointments 羊毛脂 [German, from Latin lana ‘wool’ + oleum ‘oil’]

lansquenet /ˈlɑ:nskənet, ˈlæns-/ n.  1  a card game of German origin 兰斯克内特牌戏(源于德国) 2  a German mercenary soldier in the 16th － 17th c. 德国雇佣兵 (16 至 17 世纪) [French from German Landsknecht (as LAND, Knecht ‘soldier’ from Old High German kneht, related to KNIGHT)]

lantana /lænˈtɑ:nə, -ˈteinə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Lantana, with usu. yellow or orange flowers 马缨丹属植物(灌木，通常开黄色或橘黄色花朵) [modern Latin]

lantern /ˈlæntən/ n.  1  a  a lamp with a transparent usu. glass case protecting a candle flame etc. (通常带玻璃罩，以防烛火的)灯笼，提灯b  a similar electric etc. lamp (灯笼或提灯式)电灯c  its case (灯笼或提灯的)灯罩 2  a  a raised structure on a dome, room, etc., glazed to admit light (圆屋顶、房间上的)采光天窗b  a similar structure for ventilation etc. (通风等的)房顶气窗 3  the light-chamber of a lighthouse (灯塔的)灯室 4  = MAGIC LANTERN  [Middle English via Old French lanterne and Latin lanterna from Greek lamptēr ‘torch, lamp’]

lantern fish n.  any marine fish of the family Myctophidae, having small light organs on the head and body 灯笼鱼

lantern-fly n. (pl. -flies)  any tropical homopterous insect of the family Fulgoridae, formerly thought to be luminous 光蝉，磷蜡蝉(热带的蜡蝉科同翅昆虫，以前被认为能发光)

lantern jaws n. pl.  long thin jaws and chin, giving a hollow look to the face 突下巴，两颊深陷的瘦长脸 □ lantern-jawed  adj.  

lantern slide n.  a slide for projection by a magic lantern etc. (see 见 SLIDE n. 5b) (用幻灯机等投影的)幻灯片

lantern-wheel n.  a cylindrical gearwheel 灯笼形齿轮

lanthanide /ˈlænθənaid/ n. (also 亦作 lanthanoid /-nɔid/) Chem.  any of a series of fifteen mainly soft, reactive metallic elements with similar chemical properties, from lanthanum to lutetium in the periodic table (cf. 参见 RARE EARTH) 【化】镧系元素(指具有相同化学成分，大多质软，易起反应的金属元素，该系共有 15 种，在周期表上从镧至镥) [German Lanthanid (as LANTHANUM)]

lanthanum /ˈlænθənəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series which is used in the manufacture of alloys and catalysts (symbol 符 La) 【化】(化学元素)镧(似银的金属元素，属镧元素系，用于制造合金与催化剂) [Greek lanthanō ‘escape notice’, from having remained undetected in cerium oxide]

lanugo /ləˈnju:ɡəʊ/ n.  fine soft hair, esp. that which covers the body and limbs of a human foetus 绒毛(尤指胎儿身上的绒毛) [Latin, = down, from lana ‘wool’]

lanyard /ˈlænjəd/ n.  1  a cord hanging round the neck or looped round the shoulder, esp. of a Scout or sailor etc., to which a knife, a whistle, etc., may be attached (尤指童子军或水手挂在脖上或肩上的)颈带，系刀绳 2 Naut.  a short rope or line used for securing, tightening, etc. 【海】用于固定(或收紧等的)短绳索 3  a cord attached to a breech mechanism for firing a gun (火炮尾部用于发射的)拉火索 [Middle English from Old French laniere, lasniere: assimilated to YARD1]

Laodicean /ˌleiə(ʊ)diˈsi:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lukewarm or half-hearted, esp. in religion or politics (尤指对宗教或政治)不冷不热的，冷淡的 ●n.  such a person 对宗教冷淡的人；对政治冷淡的人 [Latin Laodicea in Asia Minor (with reference to the early Christians there: see Rev. 3:16)]

Laos   老挝

Laotian /ˈlaʊʃ(ə)n, lɑ:ˈəʊʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Laos in SE Asia 老挝人，老挝族人b  a person of Laotian descent 老挝人的后裔 2  the language of Laos 老挝语 ●adj.  of or relating to Laos or its people or language (有关)老挝的；老挝人的；老挝语的

lap1 /læp/ n.  1  a  the front of the body from the waist to the knees of a sitting person (坐者的)腰至膝的大腿部  sat on her lap  坐在她腿上 caught it in his lap  他用大腿接住它b  the clothing, esp. a skirt, covering the lap. 盖住大腿的衣服(尤指裙子)c  the front of a skirt held up to catch or contain something 裙子的前片(兜起来可接住或放东西) 2  a hollow among hills 山坳 3  a hanging flap on a garment, a saddle, etc. (衣裙的)裙兜；垂襞，下摆；马鞍(等)的下耷部分 □ in (or on) a person's lap   as a person's responsibility 由某人负责□ in the lap of the gods  (of an event etc.) open to chance; beyond human control (事件等)在神的股掌之间(全由机会来决定；非人力所及)□ in the lap of luxury   in extremely luxurious surroundings 在极度优越的环境中□ lapful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English lœppa ‘fold, flap’]

lap2 /læp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  one circuit of a racetrack etc. (跑道等的)一圈b  a section of a journey etc. (旅程等的)一段  finally we were on the last lap  我们终于踏上了最后的旅程 2  a  an amount of overlapping 重叠量b  an overlapping or projecting part 重叠部分；突起部分 3  a  a layer or sheet (of cotton etc. being made) wound on a roller 滚筒(或轴)上的棉(毛等)卷(层)b  a single turn of rope, silk, thread, etc., round a drum or reel (绳、丝绸、线等缠绕的)一圈 4  a rotating disc for polishing a gem or metal (抛光宝石、金属等的)磨盘 ●v. (lapped, lapping)  1 tr.  lead or overtake (a competitor in a race) by one or more laps (比赛中)超越(对手)一圈(或数圈) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, round)  coil, fold, or wrap (a garment etc.) round (esp. a person) 把(衣服等)裹住(尤指某人身体)；把…绕在…上，把…叠在…上 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  enfold or swathe (a person) in wraps etc. (用包裹物等)围住(或包住) 4 tr. (as 作 lapped adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  protectively encircled; enfolded caressingly 被护住(的)；被拥抱(的) 5 tr.  surround (a person) with an influence etc. (影响等)包围(某人) 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  project; overlap 突起；重叠 7 tr.  cause to overlap 使重叠 8 tr.  polish (a gem etc.) with a lap (用磨盘)抛光(宝石等) [Middle English, probably from LAP1]

lap3 /læp/ v. & n. ●v. (lapped, lapping)  1 tr.  a (also absol. [亦含宾]) (usu. of an animal) drink (liquid) with the tongue (通常指动物)舐饮(流质)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, down)  consume (liquid) greedily 暴饮，贪婪地饮(流质)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  consume (gossip, praise, etc.) greedily 爱听(闲话、夸奖等) 2  a tr. (of water) move or beat upon (a shore) with a rippling sound as of lapping (波浪)拍打(堤岸)b intr. (of waves etc.) move in ripples; make a lapping sound (浪涛等)泛起波涟；发出拍打声 ●n.  1  a  the process or an act of lapping 拍打；拍打声b  the amount of liquid taken up 饮水量 2  the sound of wavelets on a beach 滩地波声 3  liquid food for dogs (狗的)流质食品 4 slang [俚语]  a  a weak beverage 淡饮料b  any liquor 酒 [Old English lapian, from Germanic]

laparoscope /ˈlæp(ə)rəskəʊp/ n. Surgery  a fibre optic instrument inserted through the abdominal wall to give a view of the organs in the abdomen 【外科】腹腔镜(一种光纤仪器插入腹壁以观察腹腔内的器官) □ laparoscopy  /-ˈrɒskəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Greek lapara ‘flank’ + -SCOPE]

laparotomy /læpəˈrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity for exploration or diagnosis 剖腹术 [Greek lapara ‘flank’ + -TOMY]

La Paz /ˌlæˈpæz/ n.  拉巴斯 [玻利维亚城市]

lapdog /ˈlæpdɒɡ/ n.  a small pet dog 叭儿狗

lapel /ləˈpel/ n.  the part of a coat, jacket, etc., folded back against the front round the neck opening (上衣、夹克等的)翻领 □ lapelled  adj.   [LAP1 + -EL]

lapicide /ˈlæpisaid/ n.  a person who cuts or engraves on stone 玉石工，玉雕匠 [Latin lapicida, formed irregularly from lapis -idis ‘stone’: see -CIDE]

lapidary /ˈlæpid(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  concerned with stone or stones 与玉石有关的；玉石的 2  engraved upon stone 玉石雕刻的 3 (of writing style) dignified and concise, suitable for inscriptions (文体)端庄的，简练的，宜作碑文的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a cutter, polisher, or engraver of gems (加工宝石的)切割机；抛光机；雕刻机 [Middle English from Latin lapidarius, from lapis -idis ‘stone’]

lapilli /ləˈpilai/ n. pl.  stone fragments ejected from volcanoes 火山砾 [Italian from Latin, pl. diminutive of lapis ‘stone’]

lapis lazuli /ˌlæpis ˈlæzjʊlai, -li/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a blue mineral containing sodium aluminium silicate and sulphur, used as a gemstone 天青石，青金石 2  a bright blue pigment formerly made from this 天青石颜料，青金石颜料 3  its colour 天青石色 ●adj.  of this mineral, pigment, or colour 天青石的；天青石颜料的；天青石色的 [Middle English, from Latin lapis ‘stone’ + medieval Latin lazuli, genitive of lazulum, from Persian (as AZURE)]

lap joint n.  the joining of rails, shafts, etc., by halving the thickness of each at the joint and fitting them together (栏杆、柄等的)互搭连接

Laplander /ˈlæplændə/ n.  1  a native or national of Lapland 拉普兰人；拉普兰族人 2  a person of this descent 拉普兰人的后裔 [Lapland from Swedish Lappland (as LAPP, LAND)]

lap of honour n. Brit.  a ceremonial circuit of a football pitch, a track, etc., by a winner or winners [英]光荣的一圈(优胜者绕场、跑道等一周)

Lapp /læp/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the indigenous population of the extreme north of Scandinavia 拉普人(居住在斯堪的纳维亚极北端) 2  the language of the Lapps 拉普语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Lapps or their language (有关)拉普人的；拉普语的 [Swedish Lapp, perhaps originally a term of contempt: cf. Middle High German lappe ‘simpleton’]■Usage 用法说明 The Lapps' own name for themselves, Sami, is now often preferred with reference to the people. 拉普人自称 Sami (萨米)，现常被用来指拉普人。 

lappet /ˈlæpit/ n.  1  a small flap or fold of a garment etc. (衣服等的)垂片，垂褶 2  a hanging or loose piece of flesh, such as a lobe or wattle 耳垂；垂肉 3 (in full 全称 lappet-moth)  any of various usu. brown velvety moths whose larvae have flaps on their sides, esp. Gastropacha quercifilia of Eurasia (欧亚大陆的)枯叶蛾 □ lappeted  adj.   [LAP1 + -ET1]

Lappish /ˈlæpiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = LAPPadj.  ●n.  the Lapp language 拉普语

lap robe n. N. Amer.  a travelling rug [北美]盖膝毛毯，旅行毯

lapsang souchong /ˈlæpsæŋ/ n.  a variety of souchong tea with a smoky flavour 正山小种茶(具烟熏香气) [from invented first element + SOUCHONG]

lapse /læps/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight error; a slip of memory etc. 小错(记错等) 2  a weak or careless decline into an inferior state 失足，落入(不好的处境) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an interval or passage of time 时间的间隔，时光的流逝  after a lapse of three years  3 年过去后 4 Law  the termination of a right or privilege through disuse or failure to follow appropriate procedures 【法律】(权利、特权的)丧失，终止 ●v. intr.  1  fail to maintain a position or standard 丧失地位，失掉水准 2 (foll. by 后跟 into)  fall back into an inferior or previous state 下降到次的(或原先的)状态 3 (of a right or privilege etc.) become invalid because it is not used or claimed or renewed (权利、特权等)失效 4 (as 作 lapsed adj.) (of a person or thing) that has lapsed (人或事)堕落的，失效的 [Latin lapsus from labi laps- ‘glide, slip, fall’]

lapse rate n.  the rate at which the temperature falls with increasing altitude (随高度上升)气温递减率

lapstone /ˈlæpstəʊn/ n.  a shoemaker's stone held in the lap and used to beat leather on (鞋匠锤敲皮革时置于大腿上的)垫石

lap-strake n. & adj. ●n.  a clinker-built boat 瓦叠式外壳船 ●adj.  clinker-built 瓦叠式外壳的

lapsus calami /ˌlæpsəs ˈkæləmai/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a slip of the pen 笔误 [Latin: see LAPSE]

lapsus linguae /ˌlæpsəs ˈliŋɡwai/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a slip of the tongue 口误 [Latin: see LAPSE]

laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a microcomputer that is portable and suitable for use while travelling 膝式便携电脑，笔记本电脑

lap-weld v. & n. ●v. tr.  weld with overlapping edges 搭焊 ●n.  such a weld 搭焊接

lapwing /ˈlæpwiŋ/ n.  a plover, Vanellus vanellus, with black and white plumage, crested head, and a shrill cry 凤头麦鸡 [Old English hlēapewince from hlēapan LEAP + the base of WINK, meaning ‘move from side to side’: assimilated to LAP1, WING (named from its manner of flying)]

larboard /ˈlɑ:bɔ:d, -bəd/ n. & adj. Naut. archaic 【海】[古义]  = PORT3  [Middle English lade-, ladde-, lathe- (perhaps = LADE + BOARD): later assimilated to starboard]

larceny /ˈlɑ:s(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  the theft of personal property (in 1968 replaced as a statutory crime in English law by theft) 盗窃；偷窃罪 (1968 年英国法律将 theft 作为法定罪行) □ larcener  n.  □ larcenist  n.  □ larcenous  adj.   [Old French larcin via Latin latrocinium, from latro ‘robber, mercenary’, from Greek latreus]

larch /lɑ:tʃ/ n.  1  a deciduous coniferous tree of the genus Larix, with bright foliage and producing tough timber 落叶松树 2 (in full 全称 larchwood /ˈlɑ:tʃwʊd/)  its wood 落叶松木材 [Middle High German larche, ultimately from Latin larix -icis]

lard /lɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  the internal fat of the abdomen of pigs, esp. when rendered and clarified for use in cooking and pharmacy (尤指熬炼、净化后供烹饪、药剂使用的)猪油 ●v. tr.  1  insert strips of fat or bacon in (meat etc.) before cooking (烹饪前)把(肥肉或咸肉)嵌入(肉中) 2 (foll. by 常后跟 with)  embellish (talk or writing) with foreign or technical terms (用外来语或专业词汇)润色(谈话或文章) [Middle English via Old French lard ‘bacon’ from Latin lardum, laridum, related to Greek larinos ‘fat’]

larder /ˈlɑ:də/ n.  1  a room or large cupboard for storing food 食品储藏室，食品柜 2  a wild animal's store of food, esp. for winter (野兽)冬季食品储藏处 [Middle English via Old French lardier from medieval Latin lardarium (as LARD)]

lardon /ˈlɑ:dən/ n. (also 亦作 lardoon /-ˈdu:n/)  a strip of fat bacon used to lard meat 咸肥肉条(用来嵌瘦肉) [Middle English from French lardon (as LARD)]

lardy /ˈlɑ:di/ adj.  like or with lard 猪油似的；含猪油的

lardy-cake n. Brit.  a cake made with lard, currants, etc. [英] (嵌有葡萄干等的)猪油蛋糕

lares /ˈlɑ:ri:z/ n. pl. Rom. Hist.  the household gods [罗马]【史】护家神 □ lares and penates   the home 家，家财，传家宝 [Latin]

large /lɑ:dʒ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of considerable or relatively great size or extent (规模、程度)大的；相当大的 2  of the larger kind 较大的  the large intestine  大肠 3  of wide range; comprehensive 范围广的，开阔的；包罗万象的，广泛的 4  pursuing an activity on a large scale 经营规模大的  large farmer  大农场主 ●n. (作 at large)  1  at liberty 自由，无拘束 2  as a body or whole 总体，整个  popular with the people at large  在全民中广泛流传 3 (of a narration etc.) at full length and with all details (叙述等)充分，详尽 4  without a specific target 无目标地  scatters insults at large  乱骂人 5 US  representing a whole area and not merely a part of it [美]代表全区(而非其局部地区)  congressman at large  州选议员 □ in large   on a large scale 大规模地□ large as life   see 见 LIFE □ larger than life   see 见 LIFE □ largeness  n.  □ largish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from the fem. of Latin largus ‘copious’]

large calorie  see 见 CALORIE 2 

large intestine n.  the caecum, colon, and rectum collectively 大肠(盲肠、结肠和直肠的总称)

largely /ˈlɑ:dʒli/ adv.  to a great extent; principally 很大程度上，主要地  is largely due to laziness  主要由于懒惰

large-minded adj.  liberal; not narrow-minded 思想开明的；心胸开阔的

large-scale adj.  made or occurring on a large scale or in large amounts 大规模的；大量的

largesse /lɑ:ˈʒes, -ˈdʒes/ n. (also 亦作 largess)  1  money or gifts freely given, esp. on a special occasion, by a person in high position 赏金；赏赐(尤指在特殊场合所赐) 2  generosity, beneficence 慷慨；施舍 [Middle English from Old French largesse, ultimately from Latin largus ‘copious’]

larghetto /lɑ:ˈɡetəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a fairly slow tempo (拍子)稍慢地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  a larghetto passage or movement 小广板，稍慢曲调 [Italian, diminutive of LARGO]

largo /ˈlɑ:ɡəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a slow tempo and dignified in style (拍子)缓慢地(的)；(风格)庄严地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  a largo passage or movement 广板，慢曲调 [Italian, = broad]

lariat /ˈlæriət/ n.  1  a lasso 绳索 2  a tethering-rope, esp. used by cowboys (尤指牧童用)栓牲口索 [Spanish la reata from reatar ‘tie again’ (as RE-, Latin aptare ‘adjust’ from aptus ‘APT, fit’)]

lark1 /lɑ:k/ n.  1  any small bird of the family Alaudidae with brown plumage, elongated hind claws, and tuneful song, esp. the skylark 百灵科鸟(尤指云雀) 2  any of various similar birds such as the meadowlark 草地鹨，类似草地鹨的鸟 [Old English lɑˉferce, lœwerce, of unknown origin]

lark2 /lɑ:k/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a frolic or spree; an amusing incident; a joke 嬉闹；欢闹；戏谑；玩笑 2 Brit.  a type of activity, affair, etc. [英]行当(事情等)  fed up with this digging lark  对采掘这一行当腻烦透了 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 about)  play tricks; frolic 开玩笑，取乐 □ larky  adj.  □ larkiness  n.   [19th c.: origin uncertain]

larkspur /ˈlɑ:kspɜ:/ n.  1  a plant of the genus Consolida (buttercup family), with spurred flowers (毛茛科)翠雀属植物 2  a delphinium 飞燕草

larn /lɑ:n/ v. colloq. or joc. [口] [诙]  1 intr.  = LEARN  2 tr.  teach 教  that'll larn you  这就是给你的教训 [dialect form of LEARN]

larrikin /ˈlærikin/ n. Austral.  a hooligan [澳]无赖，恶棍 [also English dialect: perhaps from the name Larry (pet form of Lawrence) + -KIN]

larrup /ˈlærəp/ v. tr. (larruped, larruping) colloq.  thrash [口]打；鞭打 [dialect: perhaps from LATHER]

Larry /ˈlæri/ n.   □ as happy as Larry  Brit. colloq.  extremely happy [英口]高兴极了 [20th c.: origin uncertain: cf. LARRIKIN]

larva /ˈlɑ:və/ n. (pl. larvae /-vi:/)  1  the active immature form of an insect, esp. differing greatly from the adult and forming the stage between egg and pupa, e.g. a caterpillar or grub 幼虫(尤指与成年虫大不一样的昆虫，如毛虫、蛴螬) 2  an immature form of other animals that undergo some metamorphosis, e.g. a tadpole 幼体(如蝌蚪) □ larval  adj.  □ larvicide  /ˈlɑ:visaid/ n.   [in earlier use = disembodied spirit: Latin, = ghost, mask]

laryngeal /ləˈrin(d)ʒiəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to the larynx 喉的，与喉有关的 2 Phonet.  designating a speech sound made in the larynx with the vocal cords partly closed and partly vibrating (producing, in English, the so-called ‘creaky voice’ sound) 【语音】喉音的(英语中的声门摩擦音)

laryngitis /lærinˈdʒaitis/ n.  inflammation of the larynx 喉炎 □ laryngitic  /-ˈdʒitik/ adj.  

laryngoscope /ləˈriŋɡəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for examining the larynx, or for inserting a tube through it 喉镜

laryngotomy /læriŋˈɡɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical incision of the larynx, esp. to provide an air passage when breathing is obstructed (尤指因呼吸受阻而进行的)喉切开术

larynx /ˈlæriŋks/ n. (pl. larynges /ləˈrin(d)ʒi:z/)  the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box 喉(人类及其他哺乳动物身上的中空的肌肉器官，由通向肺部的气管和声带组成) [modern Latin from Greek larugx -ggos]

lasagne /ləˈzænjə, -ˈsæn-, -ˈsɑ:n-/ n.  pasta in the form of sheets or wide strips, esp. as cooked and served with minced meat and cheese sauce (浇有肉末和酪汁的)阔面条 [Italian, pl. of lasagna, from Latin lasanum ‘cooking pot’]

Lascar /ˈlæskə/ n.  a sailor from India or SE Asia 印度水手；东南亚水手 [ultimately from Urdu & Persian laškar ‘army’]

lascivious /ləˈsiviəs/ adj.  1  lustful 好色的，性欲强烈的 2  inciting to or evoking lust 调情的；煽情的 □ lasciviously  adv.  □ lasciviousness  n.   [Middle English via Late Latin lasciviosus from Latin lascivia ‘lustfulness’, from lascivus ‘sportive, wanton’]

lase /leiz/ v. intr.  1  function as or in a laser 发激光；起激光作用 2 (of a substance) undergo the physical processes employed in a laser (物质)经受激光作用所起物理变化过程 [back-formation from LASER]

laser /ˈleizə/ n.  a device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic radiation in the infra-red, visible, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, by stimulated emission of photons from an excited source (cf. 参见 MASER) 激光器(使光子受激发而产生光度极高、单向的、聚合的光束的装置，其光束在电磁光谱中属红外或紫外范围) [acronym from light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation]

laserdisc /ˈleizədisk/ n.  a disc on which signals and data are recorded to be reproduced by directing a laser beam on to the surface and detecting the reflected or transmitted light (激)光盘，光碟(一种碟片，采用激光技术将记录在上面的符号和数据重现)

laser printer n.  a printer in which a laser is used to form a pattern of dots on a photosensitive drum corresponding to the pattern of print required on the page 激光打印机

LaserVision /ˈleizəviʒ(ə)n/ n. propr.  a system for the reproduction of video signals recorded on a disc with a laser [商标]激光录像 [LASER + VISION, on the pattern of TELEVISION]

lash /læʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make a sudden whip-like movement 突然挥动  lashed his tail  甩动尾巴 lashing backwards and forwards  前后甩动 2 tr.  beat with a whip, rope, etc. (用鞭子、绳等)鞭打，抽打 3 intr.  pour or rush with great force 倾注；冲击 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, against)  strike violently 猛烈击打 5 tr.  castigate in words 斥责，严厉批评 6 tr.  urge on as with a lash 鞭策，驱使 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 down, together etc.)  fasten with a cord, rope, etc. (用绳、粗绳等)捆扎 8 tr. (of rain, wind, etc.) beat forcefully upon (雨、风等)击打，抽打 ●n.  1  a  a sharp blow made by a whip, rope, etc. (鞭子、绳等的)鞭打，抽打b (prec. by 前接 the)  punishment by beating with a whip etc. (用鞭等抽打的)笞刑 2  the flexible end of a whip 鞭梢 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an eyelash 眼睫毛 □ lash out   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  speak or hit out angrily 怒斥；狠揍 2 Brit.  spend money extravagantly, be lavish [英]挥霍，大量花钱□ lasher  n.  □ lashless  adj.   [Middle English: probably imitative]

lashing /ˈlæʃiŋ/ n.  1  a beating 鞭打，抽打 2  cord used for lashing 用来捆扎的绳索

lashings /ˈlæʃiŋz/ n. pl. (foll. by 后跟 of) Brit. colloq.  plenty; an abundance [英口]大量；丰富

lash-up n. Brit.  a makeshift or improvised structure or arrangement [英]应急措施，临时凑合，临时安排

lass /læs/ n. esp. Sc. & N. Engl. or poet.  a girl or young woman [尤苏格兰和英格兰北部] [诗]少女；年轻妇女 [Middle English lasce from Old Norse laskwa ‘unmarried’ (fem.)]

Lassa fever /ˈlæsə/ n.  an acute and often fatal febrile viral disease of tropical Africa 拉沙热(热带非洲急性病毒病，由发烧引起，常会致命) [Lassa, a village in Nigeria, where first reported]

lassie /ˈlæsi/ n. colloq. [口]  = LASS 

lassitude /ˈlæsitju:d/ n.  1  languor, weariness 倦怠，疲乏 2  disinclination to exert or interest oneself 厌倦；无精打采 [French lassitude or Latin lassitudo from lassus ‘tired’]

lasso /ləˈsu:, ˈlæsəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a rope with a noose at one end, used esp. in N. America for catching cattle etc. (尤指北美用以捕牛等的)套索 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  catch with a lasso (用套索)套捕 □ lassoer  n.   [Spanish lazo LACE]

last1 /lɑ:st/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  after all others; coming at or belonging to the end 最后的；最终的；末了的 2  a  most recent; next before a specified time 最近的，上一个的  last Christmas  去年圣诞节 last week  上星期b  preceding; previous in a sequence 前面的；前一个的  got on at the last station  在前面车站上的车 3  only remaining 仅剩的，最近剩下的  the last biscuit  最后剩下的饼干 our last chance  我们最后的机会 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  least likely or suitable 极少可能的；最不适当的  the last person I'd want  我最不想要的人 the last thing I'd have expected  我不曾料到的事 5  the lowest in rank 等次最低的  the last place  最低名次 ●adv.  1  after all others (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : last-mentioned 最后提到的) 最后 2  on the last occasion before the present (在此之前)最近一次  when did you last see him?  你最后一次见到他是什么时候？ 3 (esp. in enumerating) lastly (尤在列举中)最后(一点) ●n.  1  a person or thing that is last, last-mentioned, most recent, etc. 最后的(或最后提到的，最近的)人(或物) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the last mention or sight etc. (最后一次提及的或看到的)情况，结局，结尾  shall never hear the last of it  永远不会听到它的结果了 3  the last performance of certain acts 动作的最后一次  breathed his last  他咽了最后一口气 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the end or last moment 最终；最后时刻b  death 死亡 □ at last (or long last)   in the end; after much delay 最终；经过一长段时间之后□ on one's last legs   see 见 LEG □ pay one's last respects   see 见 PAY1 □ to (or till) the last   till the end; esp. till death 直到最后(尤指直到死) [Old English latost, from the Germanic superlative of the base of LATE]

last2 /lɑ:st/ v. intr.  1  remain unexhausted or adequate or alive for a specified or considerable time; suffice 保持下去，延续；维持；够用  enough food to last us a week  食物足够我们吃一个星期 the battery lasts and lasts  这电池经用 2  continue for a specified time 继续一段时间  the journey lasts an hour  旅程继续走了一个小时 □ last out   remain adequate or in existence for the whole of a period previously stated or implied 维持在某段时间(或前已提到、暗示过的时间)内；延续到底 [Old English lœˉstan, from Germanic]

last3 /lɑ:st/ n.  a shoemaker's model for shaping or repairing a shoe or boot 鞋楦 □ stick to one's last   not meddle with what one does not understand 别管闲事 [Old English lœˉste ‘last’, lœˉst ‘boot’, lɑˉst ‘footprint’, from Germanic]

last agony n.  the pangs of death 死亡的痛苦

last ditch n.  a place of final desperate defence 最后的防线 often, with hyphen, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : last-ditch attempt  最后一次努力

lasting /ˈlɑ:stiŋ/ adj.  1  continuing, permanent 持久的，永久的 2  durable 耐久的 □ lastingly  adv.  □ lastingness  n.  

Last Judgement n. (in some beliefs) the judgement of mankind expected to take place at the end of the world (在某些信仰中的) (世界末日来临时对人类的)最后审判

lastly /ˈlɑ:stli/ adv.  finally; in the last place 最终；最后一点

last man n. Cricket  the batsman who goes into bat last 【板球】最后击球手

last minute n. (also 亦作 last moment)  the time just before an important event 最后时刻；紧急关头 often, with hyphen, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : last-minute rush  最后冲刺

last name n.  surname 姓

last offices n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  rites due to the dead 为死者举行的祈祷

last post n. Brit. [英]  1  the last of several bugle calls giving notice of the hour of retiring at night 熄灯号 2  this call blown at military funerals etc. 军人葬礼(等)号

last rites n. pl.  sacred rites for a person about to die (临终前给死者举行的)最后圣礼

last sleep n.  death 长眠，死亡

last straw n. (prec. by 前接 the)  a slight addition to a burden or difficulty that makes it finally unbearable 最终使某一负担或困难无法忍受的事 [from the saying it was the last straw that broke the camel's back]

Last Supper n.  the supper eaten by Christ and his disciples on the eve of the Crucifixion, as recorded in the New Testament (《新约全书》中耶稣被钉在十字架前夕与他的十二门徒共进的)最后晚餐

last thing adv.  very late, esp. as a final act before going to bed 很晚(尤指临睡前)  took the tablets last thing at night  夜里很晚吃药片

last trump n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the trumpet blast to wake the dead on Judgement Day 最后审判日号声(以唤醒死者)

last word n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  a final or definitive statement 最终裁定；定论  always has the last word  总是有最后决定权 is the last word on this subject  在这一问题上是说了算的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  the latest fashion 最新式样

lat. abbr. [缩略]  latitude 

latch /lætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bar with a catch and lever used as a fastening for a gate etc. (门等的)闩；门闩 2  a spring-lock preventing a door from being opened from the outside without a key after being shut 撞锁，碰锁 ●v. tr. & intr.  fasten or be fastened with a latch 用门闩闩上；用撞锁关上 □ latch on  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq. [口]  1  attach oneself (to) 使附着于… 2  understand 理解□ on the latch   fastened by the latch only, not locked 只关上而未锁上 [probably from latch ‘seize’ (now dialect) from Old English lœccan, from Germanic]

latchkey /ˈlætʃki:/ n. (pl. -eys)  a key of an outer door 外门的钥匙；闩门锁匙

latchkey child n. (also colloq. [亦口] latchkey kid)  a child who is alone at home after school until a parent returns from work (父母下班前)放学后独自在家的孩子，挂钥匙的儿童

late /leit/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  after the due or usual time; occurring or done after the proper time 迟的，迟于正常时间的  late for dinner  吃饭时间过了 a late milk delivery  牛奶送迟了 2  a  far on in the day or night or in a specified time or period (白天、晚上、特定时间或时段)晚的b  far on in development (发展过程中)晚期的 3  flowering or ripening towards the end of the season 晚季的(开花、成熟晚)  late strawberries  晚季草莓 4 (prec. by 前接 the or my, his)  no longer alive or having the specified status 已故的；前任的  my late husband  我的已故丈夫 the late president  已故总统 5 (esp. in superl. 尤用最高级)  of recent date 新近的，最近的  the late storms  近来那几起风暴 the latest songs  最新歌曲 ●adv.  1  after the due or usual time 迟，晚  arrived late  迟到了 2  far on in time 在后期，在晚期  this happened later on  以后发生了此事 3  at or till a late hour 在很晚，到很晚 4  at a late stage of development 在晚期 5  formerly but not now 不久前，此前不久  late of the Scillies  原先的锡利群岛 □ at the latest   as the latest time envisaged (预料)最晚，至迟  will have done it by six at the latest  最晚将在 6 点以前做完□ late in the day   at a late stage in the proceedings, esp. too late to be useful 最后阶段，最后(尤指太晚而无济于事)□ the latest   the most recent news, fashion, etc. 最新消息(式样等)  have you heard the latest?  你有没有听到最新消息？□ lateness  n.   [Old English lœt (adj.), late (adv.), from Germanic]

latecomer /ˈleitkʌmə/ n.  a person who arrives late 迟来者，迟到者

lateen /læˈti:n/ adj. (of a ship) rigged with a lateen sail (船)装有三角帆的 [French (voile) latine ‘Latin (sail)’, because common in the Mediterranean]

lateen sail n.  a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast 三角帆

Late Latin n.  Latin of about AD 200-600 (大约在公元 200 至 600 年间的)后期拉丁语

lately /ˈleitli/ adv.  not long ago; recently; in recent times 不久前，近来，最近 [Old English lœtlīce (as LATE, -LY2)]

latent /ˈleit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  concealed, dormant 隐蔽的，潜伏的 2  existing but not developed or manifest 潜在的；不易察觉的 □ latency  n.  □ latently  adv.   [Latin latēre latent- ‘be hidden’]

latent heat n. Physics  the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapour, or a liquid into a vapour, without change of temperature 【物理学】潜热

latent image n. Photog.  an image not yet made visible by developing 【摄】潜影

-later /lətə/ comb. form [构词成分]  denoting a person who worships a particular thing or person (idolater 偶像崇拜者) 表示“崇拜者” [Greek: see LATRIA]

lateral /ˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, at, towards, or from the side or sides 侧面的，在侧面的，朝侧面的，从侧面的 2  descended from a brother or sister of a person in direct line (家谱中)旁支的 ●n.  a side part etc., esp. a lateral shoot or branch 侧面(侧面部分等) (尤指侧芽、旁枝) □ laterally  adv.   [Latin lateralis from latus lateris ‘side’]

lateral line n. Zool.  a visible line along the side of a fish consisting of a series of sense organs acting as vibration receptors 【动】侧线(沿鱼体一侧的一条线，包括一系列感觉器官，起接收振动作用)

lateral thinking n. Brit.  a method of solving problems indirectly or by apparently illogical methods (opp. 反义 VERTICAL THINKING) [英]横向思维(通过间接或看似不合逻辑的途径去解决问题)

laterite /ˈlætərait/ n.  a red or yellow ferruginous clay, friable and hardening in air, used for making roads in the tropics 红土；砖红壤(空气中易干裂硬化，热带用其筑路) □ lateritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Latin later ‘brick’ + -ITE1]

latex /ˈleiteks/ n. (pl. latexes or latices /-tisi:z/)  1  a milky fluid of mixed composition found in various plants and trees, esp. the rubber tree, and used for commercial purposes 树乳；(尤指)橡浆 2  a synthetic product resembling this 合成树乳，合成橡浆，合成乳胶 [Latin, = liquid]

lath /lɑ:θ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. laths /lɑ:θs, lɑ:ðz/)  1  a thin flat strip of wood, esp. each of a series forming a framework or support for plaster etc. (尤指构成木条构件或支住灰泥的)木板条 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 lath and plaster)  laths collectively as a building material, esp. as a foundation for supporting plaster 板条抹灰(尤作为支住灰泥的底座) ●v. tr.  attach laths to (a wall or ceiling) 给(墙或房顶)钉板条 [Old English lœtt]

lathe /leið/ n.  a machine for shaping wood, metal, etc., by means of a rotating drive which turns the piece being worked on against changeable cutting tools (切削木料、金属等的)车床 [probably related to Old Danish lad ‘structure, frame’, from Old Norse hlath, related to hlatha LADE]

lather /ˈlɑ:ðə, ˈlæðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a froth produced by agitating soap etc. and water (肥皂等和水搓弄后产生的)泡沫 2  frothy sweat, esp. of a horse (尤指马的)汗沫 3  a state of agitation 焦躁；激动 ●v.  1 intr. (of soap etc.) form a lather (肥皂等)形成泡沫 2 tr.  cover with lather 使涂上泡沫 3 intr. (of a horse etc.) develop or become covered with lather (马等)出汗，冒汗 4 tr. colloq.  thrash [口]狠打 □ lathery  adj.   [Old English lēathor (n.), lēthran (v.)]

lathi /ˈlɑ:ti:/ n. (pl. lathis) (in India) a long heavy iron-bound bamboo stick used as a weapon, esp. by police (尤指印度警察用的)铁皮竹棍 [Hindi lɑˉthī]

latices pl.  of LATEX  

Latin /ˈlætin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the Italic language of ancient Rome and its empire, originating in Latium 拉丁系语言，拉丁语 2 Rom. Hist.  an inhabitant of ancient Latium in central Italy [罗马]【史】(古代)拉丁姆人(在意大利中部) ●adj.  1  of or in Latin 拉丁语的，用拉丁语的 2  of the countries or peoples (e.g. France and Spain) using languages developed from Latin 拉丁语系国家的(或民族的) (如法国和西班牙) 3 Rom. Hist.  of or relating to ancient Latium or its inhabitants [罗马]【史】(有关)拉丁姆(人)的 4  of the Roman Catholic Church 罗马天主教会的 □ Latinism  n.  □ Latinist  n.   [Middle English via Old French Latin or Latin Latinus from Latium]

Latina  see 见 LATINO n. 

Latin America n.  the parts of Central and S. America where Spanish or Portuguese is the main language 拉丁美洲(以说西班牙或葡萄牙语为主的中、南美洲地区)

Latin American n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Latin America 拉丁美洲人 ●adj.  of or relating to Latin America 拉丁美洲的，与拉丁美洲有关的

Latinate /ˈlætineit/ adj.  having the character of Latin 具拉丁语风格的

Latin Church n.  the Western Church (以拉丁语作礼拜仪式的)罗马天主教；拉丁教会

Latin cross n.  a plain cross with the lowest member longer than the other three 拉丁十字架(下支比其他三支长)

Latinize /ˈlætinaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  give a Latin or Latinate form to 使…拉丁(语)化 2 tr.  translate into Latin 把…译成拉丁文 3 tr.  make conformable to the ideas, customs, etc., of the ancient Romans, Latin peoples, or Latin Church 使…符合古罗马人的(拉丁语系各民族或罗马天主教的)思想(或习俗等) 4 intr.  use Latin forms, idioms, etc. 使用拉丁语的形式(习语等) □ Latinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ Latinizer  n.   [Late Latin latinizare (as LATIN)]

Latino /ləˈti:nəʊ/ n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n. (pl. -os; fem. Latina)  a Latin American inhabitant of the United States (侨居美国的)拉丁美洲人 ●adj.  of or relating to these inhabitants (侨居美国的)拉丁美洲人的；与(侨居美国的)拉丁美洲人有关的 [Latin American Spanish]

latish /ˈleitiʃ/ adj. & adv.  fairly late 稍晚的(地)

latitude /ˈlætitju:d/ n.  1 Geog. 【地理】  a  the angular distance on a meridian north or south of the equator, expressed in degrees and minutes 纬度b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  regions or climes, esp. with reference to temperature 地区，区域(尤以气温划分)  warm latitudes  温带地区 2  freedom from narrowness; liberality of interpretation 放宽；自由；解释余地 3  tolerated variety of action or opinion (行动或见解的)回旋余地  was allowed much latitude  允许有很大的自由 4 Astron.  the angular distance of a celestial object or point from the ecliptic 【天】黄纬 □ latitudinal  /-ˈtju:din(ə)l/ adj.  □ latitudinally  /-ˈtju:din(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English, = breadth, via Latin latitudo -dinis from latus ‘broad’]

latitudinarian /ˌlætitju:diˈnɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  allowing latitude esp. in religion; showing no preference among varying creeds and forms of worship (尤指宗教)允许有一定自由度的；不拘泥于教义和形式的 ●n.  a person with a latitudinarian attitude 不拘泥于(宗教)教义和形式的人 □ latitudinarianism  n.   [Latin latitudo -dinis ‘breadth’ + -ARIAN]

latria /ləˈtraiə, ˈlætriə/ n. RC Ch.  supreme worship allowed to God alone 【天主教】对天主的最高敬拜 [Late Latin from Greek latreia ‘worship’, from latreuō ‘serve’]

latrine /ləˈtri:n/ n.  a communal lavatory, esp. in a camp, barracks, etc. (尤指营地、军营等的)公共厕所 [French from Latin latrina, shortening of lavatrina, from lavare ‘wash’]

-latry /lətri/ comb. form  denoting worship (idolatry 对偶像的崇拜) [构词成分]表示“崇拜” [Greek latreia: see LATRIA]

latten /ˈlæt(ə)n/ n.  an alloy of copper and zinc, often rolled into sheets, and formerly used for monumental brasses and church articles 铜锌合金(常压制成薄片，旧时用此作纪念牌或教堂用的物品) [Middle English latoun from Old French laton, leiton]

latter /ˈlætə/ adj.  1 (prec. by 前接 the, this etc.; usu. absol. [通常含宾])  the second-mentioned or disp. last-mentioned person or thing (opp. 反义 FORMER 3) (两者的)后者；[异议]最后提到的人(或物) 2  nearer to the end 更接近末了的  the latter part of the year  年末 3  recent 近来的 4  belonging to the end of a period, of the world, etc. (时段、世界等)末了的，后期的；后世的 [Old English lœtra, comparative of lœt LATE]■Usage 用法说明 The use of latter to mean ‘last-mentioned of three or more’ is considered incorrect by some people. 用 latter 表示 ‘3 个或 3 个以上中的最后一个 ’ ，有些人认为这种用法是错误的。 

latter-day attrib. adj.  modern, contemporary 现代的，当代的，当今的

Latter-day Saints n. pl.  the Mormons' name for themselves 当今圣徒，后期圣徒(摩门教徒的自称)

latterly /ˈlætəli/ adv.  1  in the latter part of life or of a period 后期；后来 2  recently 近来

lattice /ˈlætis/ n.  1  a  a structure of crossed laths or bars with spaces between, used as a screen, fence, etc. (用作隔板、篱笆等的)木条格子结构b (in full 全称 lattice-work)  laths arranged in lattice formation 木板条格子形 2 Crystallog.  a regular periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline solid 【晶】栅格，点阵晶格(原子、离子或分子在晶体状时有规则的排列) □ latticed  adj.  □ latticing  n.   [Middle English via Old French lattis, from latte ‘lath’, from West Germanic]

lattice frame n. (also 亦作 lattice girder)  a girder or truss made of top and bottom members connected by struts usu. crossing diagonally (通常为对角交叉的)格构大梁，花格大梁，格式框架

lattice window n.  a window with small panes set in diagonally crossing strips of lead 格子窗，斜条格构窗

Latvia   拉脱维亚

Latvian /ˈlætviən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Latvia, a Baltic republic (波罗的海沿岸一共和国)拉脱维亚本地人b  a person of Latvian descent 拉脱维亚人 2  the language of Latvia 拉脱维亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Latvia or its people or language 拉脱维亚的；与拉脱维亚相关的；拉脱维亚人的；拉脱维亚语的

La Tène /læ ˈten/ adj. Archaeol.  of or relating to the second cultural phase of the Iron Age in central and W. Europe, lasting from the 5th to the 1st centuries BC 【考古】拉特尼文化的，与拉特尼文化有关的(公元前 5 至 1 世纪，中欧和西欧铁器时代的第二文化阶段) [a district in Switzerland, where remains of it were first identified]

laud /lɔ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  praise or extol, esp. in hymns (尤指用圣歌)赞扬，颂扬 ●n.  1 literary  praise; a hymn of praise [文学用语]赞美；颂歌 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the office of the first canonical hour of prayer, originally said at daybreak 第一次晨祷 [Middle English: the noun from Old French laude, the verb from Latin laudare, from Latin laus laudis ‘praise’]

laudable /ˈlɔ:dəb(ə)l/ adj.  commendable, praiseworthy 值得称赞的；值得赞美的 □ laudability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ laudably  adv.   [Middle English from Latin laudabilis (as LAUD)]■Usage 用法说明 Laudable ‘praiseworthy’ is sometimes confused with laudatory ‘expressing praise’. The difference is illustrated by the sentence Her laudable efforts were recognized in the mayor's laudatory speech. laudable (值得称赞的)有时容易和 laudatory (表示赞美的)混淆。它们的区别可从下面例句中得以说明 : Her laudable effort were recognized in the mayor's loudatory speach (她那值得称赞的尝试在市长表示赞美的发言中得到了肯定)。 

laudanum /ˈlɔ:d(ə)nəm, ˈlɒ-/ n.  a solution containing morphine and prepared from opium, formerly used as a narcotic painkiller 吗啡酊，鸦片酊 [modern Latin, the name given by Paracelsus to a costly medicament, later applied to preparations containing opium: perhaps a variant of LADANUM]

laudation /lɔ:ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  praise [正式]称赞，赞美 [Latin laudatio -onis (as LAUD)]

laudatory /ˈlɔ:dət(ə)ri/ adj. (also 亦作 laudative /-tiv/)  expressing praise 表示赞美的，表示赞扬的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at LAUDABLE. 见 LAUDABLE 的用法说明。 

lauds  see 见 LAUD n. 2 

laugh /lɑ:f/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make the spontaneous sounds and movements usual in expressing lively amusement, scorn, derision, etc. 大声笑(通常表示愉悦、轻蔑、嘲笑等) 2 tr.  express by laughing 以笑表示 3 tr.  bring (a person) into a certain state by laughing 使(某人)发笑  laughed them into agreeing  笑得他们都同意了 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  ridicule, make fun of 嘲笑，取笑  laughed at us for going  笑话我们要去 5 intr. (in phr. 用短语 be laughing) colloq.  be in a fortunate or successful position [口]走运；成功 6 intr. esp. poet.  make sounds reminiscent of laughing [尤诗]发出令人发笑的声音 ●n.  1  the sound or act or manner of laughing 笑声；笑；笑态 2 colloq.  a comical or ridiculous person or thing [口]笑柄，令人发笑的人(或事) □ have the last laugh   be ultimately the winner 成为最后的赢家，笑到最后笑得最好□ laugh in a person's face   show open scorn for a person 当面嘲笑□ a laugh a minute   very funny or amusing 非常好笑，非常有趣□ laugh off   get rid of (embarrassment or humiliation) by joking 以笑摆脱(尴尬、屈辱)□ laugh on the other side of one's face   change from enjoyment or amusement to displeasure, shame, apprehension, etc. 由乐转悲(由喜转忧等)；大失所望□ laugh out of court   deprive of a hearing by ridicule 付之一笑□ laugh up one's sleeve   be secretly or inwardly amused 暗自高兴，偷着乐□ laugher  n.   [Old English hlœhhan, hliehhan, from Germanic]

laughable /ˈlɑ:fəb(ə)l/ adj.  ludicrous; highly amusing 荒唐可笑的；极有趣的，令人发笑的 □ laughably  adv.  

laughing /ˈlɑ:fiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  laughter 笑，笑声 ●adj.  in senses of LAUGH v. 用于 LAUGH 的动词各释义 □ no laughing matter   something serious 决不是开玩笑的事；严肃的事□ laughingly  adv.  

laughing gas n.  nitrous oxide as an anaesthetic, formerly used without oxygen and causing an exhilarating effect when inhaled 笑气，一氧化二氮

laughing hyena n.  a hyena, Crocuta crocuta, whose howl is compared to a fiendish laugh 笑鬣狗

laughing jackass n.  = KOOKABURRA 

laughing stock n.  a person or thing open to general ridicule 笑柄，笑料

laughter /ˈlɑ:ftə/ n.  the act or sound of laughing 笑，笑声 [Old English hleahtor, from Germanic]

launce /lɑ:ns, læns/ n.  a sand eel 玉筋鱼 [perhaps from LANCE: cf. garfish]

launch1 /lɔ:n(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  set (a vessel) afloat 使(船)下水b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) (of a vessel) put out to sea etc. (船)出海(出航等) 2 tr.  hurl or send forth (a weapon, rocket, etc.) 投掷；发射(兵器、火箭等) 3 tr.  start or set in motion (an enterprise, a person on a course of action, etc.) 开办，创办(企业)；启动；从事个人的事业，计划等 4 tr.  formally introduce (a new product) with publicity etc. (通过宣传等)投放(新产品)；推荐(新产品) 5 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 out, into)  make a start, esp. on an ambitious enterprise (尤指宏大的计划)开始，着手b (foll. by 后跟 into)  begin suddenly (a tirade, speech, song, etc.) 突然开始(激烈的长篇演说、发言、唱歌等) ●n.  the act or an instance of launching 下水；发射；创办；投放市场 [Middle English from Anglo-French launcher, Old Norman French lancher, Old French lancier LANCE v.]

launch2 /lɔ:n(t)ʃ/ n.  1  a large motor boat, used esp. for pleasure (尤指游乐用)汽艇 2 hist.  a man-of-war's largest boat [史义]帆式军舰 [Spanish lancha ‘pinnace’, perhaps via Malay lancharan from lanchɑˉr ‘swift’]

launcher /ˈlɔ:n(t)ʃə/ n.  a structure or device to hold a rocket during launching 火箭发射架(装置)

launch pad n. (also 亦作 launching pad)  a platform with a supporting structure, from which rockets are launched 火箭发射台

launder /ˈlɔ:ndə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  wash and iron (clothes, linen, etc.) 洗熨(衣物) 2 colloq.  transfer (funds) to conceal a dubious or illegal origin [口]洗(钱)销赃 ●n.  a channel for conveying liquids, esp. water or molten metal (尤指输水、熔化金属的)洗槽；槽 □ launderer  n.   [Middle English launder ‘washer of linen’, contraction of lavander from Old French lavandier, ultimately from Latin lavanda ‘things to be washed’, neut. pl. gerundive of lavare ‘wash’]

launderette /lɔ:ndəˈret, lɔ:nˈdret/ n. (also 亦作 laundrette)  an establishment with coin-operated washing machines and dryers for public use 投币式自动洗衣店

laundress /ˈlɔ:ndris/ n.  a woman who launders clothes, linen, etc., esp. professionally (尤指职业性的)洗衣女工

laundromat /ˈlɔ:ndrəmæt/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a launderette [尤北美]投币式自动洗衣店 [US proprietary name, alteration of US laundermat]

laundry /ˈlɔ:ndri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a room or building for washing clothes etc. 洗衣间(洗衣作坊等)b  a firm washing clothes etc. commercially 洗衣店 2  clothes or linen for laundering or newly laundered 待洗衣物；洗毕的衣物 3  the action of laundering clothes etc. (衣物等的)洗熨 [contraction of lavendry (from Old French lavanderie), influenced by LAUNDER]

laundryman /ˈlɔ:ndrimən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. laundrywoman, pl. -women)  a person who launders clothes etc. or who collects and delivers laundry 洗衣店工人

Laura /ˈlɔ:rə/   劳拉 [人名]

laureate /ˈlɒriət, ˈlɔ:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wreathed with laurel as a mark of honour 戴桂冠的 2  consisting of laurel; laurel-like 用月桂树枝组成的；月桂树似的 ●n.  1  a person who is honoured for outstanding creative or intellectual achievement (有杰出成就的)获殊荣者；获奖者  Nobel laureate  诺贝尔奖得主 2  = POET LAUREATE  □ laureateship  n.   [Latin laureatus via laurea ‘laurel-wreath’ from laurus ‘laurel’]

laurel /ˈlɒr(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  = BAY2 1  2  a (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the foliage of the bay tree used as an emblem of victory or distinction in poetry, usu. formed into a wreath or crown (象征在诗歌方面的成就或殊荣，通常用月桂叶编成的)花圈；王冠b (in pl. 用复数)  honour or distinction 荣誉；殊荣 3  any plant with dark green glossy leaves like a bay tree, e.g. cherry laurel, mountain laurel, spurge laurel 类似月桂属植物(如桂樱、山月桂、桂叶芫花) ●v. tr. (laurelled, laurelling; US [美] laureled, laureling)  wreathe with laurel 给…戴上桂冠 □ look to one's laurels   beware of losing one's pre-eminence 小心地保持荣誉□ rest on one's laurels   be satisfied with what one has done and not seek further success 满足已有成绩；固步自封，不求上进 [Middle English lorer via Old French lorier and Provençal laurier, from laur, from Latin laurus]

Laurence /ˈlɒrəns/   劳伦斯 [人名]

Lauretta /ləˈretə/   洛雷塔 [人名]

Laurie /ˈlɔ:ri/   劳里 [人名]

laurustinus /lɒrəˈstainəs, lɔ:-/ n.  an evergreen winter-flowering shrub, Viburnum tinus, with dense glossy green leaves and white or pink flowers 棉毛荚蒾(一种常青绿叶灌木，叶密而有光泽，开白色或粉色花) [modern Latin, from Latin laurus ‘laurel’ + tinus ‘wild laurel’]

lav /læv/ n. colloq.  lavatory [口]厕所 [abbreviation]

lava /ˈlɑ:və/ n.  1  the molten matter which flows from a volcano 火山熔岩 2  the solid substance which it forms on cooling 火山岩 [Italian from lavare ‘wash’, from Latin]

lavabo n. (pl. -os)  1 /ləˈveibəʊ, ləˈvɑ:-/ RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  the ritual washing of the celebrant's hands at the offertory of the Mass (主持弥撒神父的)洗手礼b  a towel or basin used for this 洗手巾；洗手盆 2 /ˈlævəbəʊ/  a monastery washing trough 修道院的洗水槽 3 /ləˈveibəʊ, ləˈvɑ:-/  a washbasin 洗脸盆 [Latin, = I will wash, first word of Psalm 26:6]

lavage /ˈlævidʒ, læˈvɑ:ʒ/ n. Med.  the washing-out of a body cavity, such as the colon or stomach, with water or a medicated solution 【医】(体内)灌洗；灌肠，洗胃 [French from laver ‘wash’: see LAVE]

lavation /ləˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  washing [正式]洗涤 [Latin lavatio from lavare ‘wash’]

lavatorial /lævəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to lavatories, esp. resembling the architecture or decoration of public lavatories 厕所的；与厕所有关的(尤指建筑和装饰像公共厕所) 2 (of humour etc.) scatological (幽默等)低级下流的

lavatory /ˈlævət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a large receptacle for urinating or defecating into, usu. flushed and cleansed by water and connected to a sewage system (通常指冲水式)抽水马桶 2  a room or compartment containing one or more of these 厕所 [originally = washing vessel: Middle English via Late Latin lavatorium from Latin lavare lavat- ‘wash’]

lavatory paper n. Brit. [英]  = TOILET PAPER 

lave /leiv/ v. tr. literary [文学用语]  1  wash, bathe 洗涤，给…沐浴 2 (of water) wash against; flow along (水)冲刷；沿…流淌 [Middle English via Old French laver from Latin lavare ‘wash’, perhaps coalescing with Old English lafian]

lavender /ˈlæv(ə)ndə/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  any small evergreen shrub of the genus Lavandula, with narrow leaves and blue, purple, or pink aromatic flowers 熏衣草(一种常青灌木，叶窄，开蓝色、紫色或粉色有香味的花)b  its flowers and stalks dried and used to scent linen, clothes, etc. (干后用于熏衣物等)熏衣草的花与茎 2  a pale blue colour with a trace of mauve 浅紫色 3 colloq.  effeminacy, homosexuality [口]女人腔；同性恋 ●v. tr.  put lavender among (linen etc.) 把熏衣草放在(衣物等)中 ●adj.  1  of the colour or fragrance of lavender flowers 紫兰色的；熏衣草花香味的 2  a  sentimental, genteel 柔情的，优雅的b colloq.  of or relating to homosexuality [口]同性恋的；与同性恋有关的c colloq. (of a man) effeminate, homosexual [口] (男人)女人味的，脂粉气的；同性恋的 [Middle English from Anglo-French lavendre, ultimately from medieval Latin lavandula]

lavender-water n.  a perfume made from distilled lavender and alcohol 熏衣草香水

laver1 /ˈleivə, ˈlɑ:və/ n.  any of various edible seaweeds, esp. Porphyra umbilicaulis, having sheetlike fronds 可食海草，海藻，紫菜 [Latin]

laver2 /ˈleivə/ n.  1 Bibl.  a large brass vessel for Jewish priests' ritual ablutions 【圣经】(犹太教洗礼用的)大铜盆 2 archaic  a washing or fountain basin; a font [古义]洗盆，水盆；圣水盆，洗礼盆 [Middle English lavo(u)r via Old French laveo(i)r from Late Latin (as LAVATORY)]

laver bread n.  a Welsh dish of laver which is boiled, dipped in oatmeal, and fried 莱佛面包；海藻面包(威尔士风味食品，煮过的海藻蘸裹燕麦片然后油炸而成) [LAVER1]

lavish /ˈlæviʃ/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  giving or producing in large quantities; profuse 大量的；丰富的 2  generous, unstinting 慷慨的，大方的 3  excessive, over-abundant 过度的，过于丰富的 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  bestow or spend (money, effort, praise, etc.) abundantly 挥霍；大量地花费；滥用(金钱、努力、赞扬等) □ lavishly  adv.  □ lavishness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete lavish, lavas ‘profusion’, from Old French lavasse ‘deluge of rain’ from laver ‘wash’]

law /lɔ:/ n.  1  a  a rule enacted or customary in a community and recognized as enjoining or prohibiting certain actions and enforced by the imposition of penalties 法律，法令，法规b  a body of such rules (总的，成套的)法律，法令，法规  the law of the land  土地法 forbidden under Scots law  受到苏格兰法律禁止的 2  the controlling influence of laws; a state of respect for laws 法律的制约；法律尊严  law and order  法治 3  laws collectively as a social system or subject of study 法律体系，法治体系；法学  was reading law  在读法律 4 (with defining word 与限定词连用)  any of the specific branches or applications of law 特定领域的法规(或运用)  commercial law  商贸法 law of contract  合同法 5  binding force or effect (法律的)约束力(或效力)  their word is law  他们的话就是法律 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the legal profession 法律行业b colloq.  the police [口]警察 7  the statute and common law (opp. 反义 EQUITY 2) 成文法；普通法 8 (in pl. 用复数)  jurisprudence 法律学 9  a  the judicial remedy; litigation 司法补救；诉讼b  the law courts as providing this 法院，法庭  go to law  打官司 10  a rule of action or procedure, e.g. in a game, social context, form of art, etc. (如在游戏、社会场合、艺术形式等中的)规则，守则，惯例 11  a regularity in natural occurrences, esp. as formulated or propounded in particular instances (尤指公式化的或以特殊例子提出的)定律，定理，法则，规律  the laws of nature  自然法则 the law of gravity  引力定律 Parkinson's law  帕金森定律 12  a  the body of divine commandments as expressed in the Bible or other sources (《圣经》等中的)戒律b (作 Law of Moses)  the precepts of the Pentateuch 五经，摩西五经(《圣经·旧约》的首五卷)c (作 the Law)  the Pentateuch as distinguished from the other parts of the Hebrew Bible (the Prophets and the Writings) Cf. 参见 TORAH 五经(有别于《希伯来圣经》的其他部分——先知书和圣徒传) □ at (or in) law   according to the laws 根据法律□ be a law unto oneself   do what one feels is right; disregard custom 独断独行；无视习俗□ go to law   take legal action; make use of the law courts 打官司，上法庭，起诉□ lay down the law   be dogmatic or authoritarian 武断；发号施令□ take the law into one's own hands   redress a grievance by one's own means, esp. by force 不顾法律自行处理冤情(尤指诉诸武力) [Old English lagu from Old Norse lag, something ‘laid down’ or fixed, related to LAY1]

law-abiding adj.  obedient to the laws 遵守法律的，安分守纪的 □ law-abidingness  n.  

law agent n. (in Scotland) a solicitor (苏格兰)初级律师

lawbreaker /ˈlɔ:breikə/ n.  a person who breaks the law 违法者，触犯法律的人 □ lawbreaking  n. & adj.  

law centre n. Brit.  an independent publicly-funded advisory service on legal matters [英] (免费)法律咨询服务中心

law court n.  a court of law 法院，法庭

lawful /ˈlɔ:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  conforming with, permitted by, or recognized by law; not illegal or (of a child) illegitimate 依法的，法律许可的，法律认可的；合法的，(小孩)非私生的 □ lawfully  adv.  □ lawfulness  n.  

lawgiver /ˈlɔ:ɡivə/ n.  a person who lays down laws 立法者

lawks /lɔ:ks/ int.  expressing surprise, awe, or consternation 嗳呀，糟了(表示惊讶、惊恐、惊愕) [alteration of LORD]

lawless /ˈlɔ:lis/ adj.  1  having no laws or enforcement of them 无法的，不执行法律的 2  disregarding laws 无视法律的 3  unbridled, uncontrolled 无法无天的，无法控制的 □ lawlessly  adv.  □ lawlessness  n.  

Law Lord n.  a member of the House of Lords qualified to perform its legal work (上议院中)执掌司法工作的议员

lawmaker /ˈlɔ:meikə/ n.  a legislator 立法机构成员 □ law-making  adj. & n.  

lawman /ˈlɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men) US  a law-enforcement officer, esp. a sheriff or police officer [美]执法官(尤指治安官或警官)

lawn1 /lɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a piece of grass kept mown and smooth in a garden, park, etc. (庭院、公园等的)草坪 ●v. tr.  turn into lawn, lay with lawn 把…改造成草坪(铺上草坪) [Middle English laund ‘glade’ via Old French launde from Celtic: related to LAND]

lawn2 /lɔ:n/ n.  a fine linen or cotton fabric used for clothes (做衣服用的)细麻布(或棉布) □ lawny  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Laon, a city in France important for linen manufacture]

lawnmower /ˈlɔ:nməʊə/ n.  a machine for cutting the grass on a lawn 割草机

lawn tennis n.  the usual form of tennis, played with a soft ball on an open grass or hard court (cf. 参见 REAL TENNIS) 草地网球；网球■Usage 用法说明 Lawn Tennis has been replaced by Tennis as the official international name of the sport. Lawn Tennis (草地网球)已被正式的国际运动名称 Tennis (网球)所代替。 

law of averages n.  the supposed principle that future events are likely to be such as to counteract any past deviation from a presumed average 平均律

law of diminishing returns n.  the fact that an increase in expenditure, investment, taxation, etc., beyond a certain point ceases to produce a proportionate yield 回报递减律(指支出、投资、税收等增大到某一点，从而停止成比例的产出)

law of mass action n.  the principle that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the masses of the reacting substances (化学反应的)质量作用(定)律

law of nations n. Law  international law 【法律】国际法

law of nature n.  1  = NATURAL LAW 1, 2  2 colloq.  a regularly occurring phenomenon observable in human society [口]社会普遍现象  it seemed to be a law of nature that her all friends married awful men  她的所有朋友都嫁给了讨厌的男人，这似乎是一种普遍现象

law of parsimony n.  = OCCAM'S RAZOR 

law of succession n.  the law regulating inheritance 继承法

law of the jungle n.  a state of ruthless competition 丛林法则(弱肉强食的野蛮竞争)

Lawrence /ˈlɒrəns/   劳伦斯 [人名]

lawrencium /lɒˈrensiəm/ n. Chem.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element (symbol 符 Lr, formerly 旧作 Lw) 【化】(化学元素)铹 [named after E. O. Lawrence, American physicist d. 1958]

laws of war n. pl.  the limitations on belligerents' action recognized by civilized nations 战争法(文明国家公认的交战国的行为界限)

lawsuit /ˈlɔ:su:t, -sju:t/ n.  the process or an instance of making a claim in a law court 诉讼程序，诉讼

law term n. Brit.  a period appointed for the sitting of law courts [英] (法庭)开庭期

lawyer /ˈlɔ:jə, ˈlɔiə/ n.  a member of the legal profession, esp. a solicitor 律师(尤指初级律师) □ lawyerly  adj.   [Middle English law(i)er from LAW]

lax /læks/ adj.  1  lacking care, concern, or firmness 疏忽的，马虎的，不严的 2  loose, relaxed; not compact 松弛的，松懈的，不严密的 3 Phonet.  pronounced with the vocal muscles relaxed 【语音】发松弛音的 □ laxity  n.  □ laxly  adv.  □ laxness  n.   [Middle English, = loose, from Latin laxus: related to SLACK1]

laxative /ˈlæksətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to stimulate or facilitate evacuation of the bowels 轻泻的；通便的 ●n.  a laxative medicine 通便药，轻泻药 [Middle English via Old French laxatif -ive or Late Latin laxativus from Latin laxare ‘loosen’ (as LAX)]

lay1 /lei/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. laid /leid/)  1 tr.  place on a surface, esp. horizontally in a position of rest (尤指水平)放下  laid the book on the table  把书放在桌上 2 tr.  put or bring into a certain or the required position or state 把…放在特定位置；铺，铺设，敷设，架设  lay a carpet, a cable  铺地毯，架设电缆 3 intr. dial.  lie [方]躺下 4 tr.  make by laying 砌，摆放  lay the foundations  奠定基础 5 tr. (often absol. [常含宾]) (of a hen bird) produce (an egg) (母禽)下(蛋) 6 tr.  a  cause to subside or lie flat 使倒伏，使倒塌b  deal with to remove (a ghost, fear, etc.) 使平息；驱除(鬼、恐惧等) 7 tr.  place or present for consideration (a case, proposal, etc.) 提出，提交，提供(案例、建议等) 8 tr.  set down as a basis or starting point 奠定，拟订，制定 9 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  attribute or impute (blame etc.) 把(过错等)归于，归咎于 10 tr.  locate (a scene etc.) in a certain place 把(场景等)设置于特定的地点 11 tr.  prepare or make ready (a plan or a trap) 安排，布置(计划或圈套) 12 tr.  prepare (a table) for a meal 摆放(饭桌) 13 tr.  place or arrange the material for (a fire) 为(生火)预备引火物 14 tr.  put down as a wager; stake 下(赌注)，以…打赌 15 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  coat or strew (a surface) 涂撒于(表面) 16 tr. slang offens.  have sexual intercourse with (esp. a woman) [俚语] [冒犯]和(尤指和女人)性交 ●n.  1  the way, position, or direction in which something lies 摆放的方式(位置或方向) 2 slang offens. [俚语] [冒犯]  a  a partner (esp. female) in sexual intercourse 性交对象(尤指妇女)b  an act of sexual intercourse 性交 3  the direction or amount of twist in rope-strands 绳索的绞向；绳索的股数 □ in lay  (of a hen) laying eggs regularly 在(母鸡)产蛋期的□ lay about one   1  hit out on all sides (不管任何部位地)乱揍 2  criticize indiscriminately (不加区别地)乱批评□ lay aside   1  put to one side 放到一边 2  cease to practise or consider 放下不管(不考虑) 3  save (money etc.) for future needs 存下(钱等)待用□ lay at the door of   see 见 DOOR □ lay back   cause to slope back from the vertical 使后仰□ lay bare   expose, reveal 暴露，揭露□ lay a charge   make an accusation 指控□ lay claim to   claim as one's own 声称…属于自己□ lay down   1  put on the ground or other surface 放在地上，放下 2  relinquish; give up (an office) 放弃；辞去(职务) 3  formulate or insist on (a rule or principle) 制订；坚持(规则、原则) 4  pay or wager (money) 付(钱)；赌(钱) 5  begin to construct (a ship or railway) 开始建造(船只或铁路) 6  store (wine) in a cellar 贮藏(酒) 7  set down on paper 记录在纸上 8  sacrifice (one's life) 献出，牺牲(某人的生命) 9  convert (land) into pasture 改(农田)为牧场 10  record (esp. popular music) 录下(尤指流行音乐)□ lay down the law   see 见 LAW □ lay hands on   1  seize or attack 抓住；攻击 2  place one's hands on or over, esp. in confirmation, ordination, or spiritual healing (尤指在基督教的坚信礼、授圣职或精神疗法中)将手按在…上□ lay one's hands on   obtain, acquire, locate 得到，获得，找到□ lay hold of   seize or grasp 抓住，握住□ lay in   provide oneself with a stock of 储存…备用□ lay into  colloq.  attack violently with words or blows [口] (用言词)猛烈攻击；狠揍□ lay it on thick (or with a trowel)  colloq.  flatter or exaggerate grossly [口]吹捧，乱恭维；言过其实□ lay low   overthrow, kill, or humble 摧垮；杀死；使谦卑□ lay off   1  discharge (workers) temporarily or permanently because of a shortage of work; make redundant (由于开工不足临时或永久性)解雇(工人)；裁员 2 colloq.  desist [口]停止，结束□ lay on   1 esp. Brit.  provide (a facility, amenity, etc.) [尤英]提供(便利、生活福利设施等) 2  impose (a penalty, obligation, etc.) 施加(处罚、义务等) 3  inflict (blows) 予以(打击) 4  spread on (paint etc.) 在…上涂(漆等)□ lay on the table   see 见 TABLE □ lay out   1  spread out 铺开，摆开 2  expose to view 暴露，揭露 3  prepare (a corpse) for burial 准备把(尸体)入殓殡葬 4 colloq.  knock unconscious [口]打晕，击倒 5  dispose (grounds etc.) according to a plan (根据计划)安排，布置(场地等) 6  expend (money) 花费(钱) 7 refl. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  take pains (to do something) 尽力，下功夫(去做某事)  laid themselves out to help  竭尽全力去帮助□ lay store by   see 见 STORE □ lay to rest   bury in a grave 埋葬□ lay up   1  store, save 储存，储蓄 2  put (a ship etc.) out of service 让(船等)退役□ lay waste   see 见 WASTE  [Old English lecgan, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The intransitive use of the verb lay in sense 3 to mean ‘lie’ is erroneous in standard English and arises probably as a result of confusion with lay as the past of lie, as in The dog lay on the floor which is correct. The dog is laying on the floor is incorrect and in this sentence laying should be lying. 动词 lay 在释义 3 中作不及物动词用，意思是“躺”，这种用法在标准英语中是错误的，之所以这样用，可能是把 lay 混同为 lie 的过去式所造成的。如 The dog lay on the floor 是正确的，而 The dog is laying on the floor 是不正确的，此句中的 laying 应为 lying 。 

lay2 /lei/ adj.  1  a  non-clerical 凡俗的，世俗的b  not ordained into the clergy 非神职的 2  a  not professionally qualified, esp. in law or medicine 外行的，非专业的(尤指在法律或医学上)b  of or done by such persons 非专业人员的，非专业人员干的 [Middle English via Old French lai and ecclesiastical Latin laicus from Greek laïkos LAIC]

lay3 /lei/ n.  1  a short lyric or narrative poem meant to be sung (供吟唱的)短抒情诗，短叙事诗 2  a song 歌 [Middle English from Old French lai, Provençal lais, of unknown origin]

lay4 past  of LIE1  

layabout /ˈleiəbaʊt/ n.  a habitual loafer or idler 无业游民，游手好闲之徒

lay brother n. (also 亦作 lay sister)  a person who has taken the vows of a religious order but is not ordained and is employed in ancillary or manual work (修道院中从事辅助性或体力劳动的)俗人修士(修女)

lay-by n. (pl. lay-bys)  1 Brit.  an area at the side of an open road where vehicles may stop [英]路侧停车带 2  a similar arrangement on a canal or railway 河道让船处；铁路让车侧线 3 Austral. & NZ  a system of paying a deposit to secure an article for later purchase [澳新]预付定金购物(法)

layer /ˈleiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thickness of matter, esp. one of several, covering a surface (物表面的)层，层次(尤指数层中的一层) 2  a person or thing that lays 放置者；铺设者(或物) 3  a hen that lays eggs, esp. with reference to its productivity (尤指根据产蛋能力而定的)生蛋鸡  a good layer  下蛋多的鸡 4  a shoot fastened down to take root while attached to the parent plant (植物的)压条 ●v. tr.  1  a  arrange in layers 把…排放成一层层b  cut (hair) in layers 把(头发)剪出层次 2  propagate (a plant) as a layer 用压条法繁殖(植物) □ layered  adj.   [Middle English, from LAY1 + -ER1]

layer cake n. esp. US [尤美]  = SANDWICHn. 2 

layer-out n.  a person who prepares a corpse for burial 将尸体入殓者，装殓工

layette /leiˈjet/ n.  a set of clothing, toilet articles, and bedclothes for a newborn child 新生儿的整套用品(衣服、卫生用品、被褥等) [French, diminutive of Old French laie ‘drawer’, from Middle Dutch laege]

lay figure n.  1  a dummy or jointed figure of a human body used by artists for arranging drapery on etc. (在上面可陈列布、缎等的)人体模型 2  an unrealistic character in a novel etc. (小说等中)欠真实性的人物 3  a person lacking in individuality 傀儡人物 [lay from obsolete layman, from Dutch leeman, from obsolete led ‘joint’]

layman /ˈleimən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. laywoman, pl. -women)  1  any non-ordained member of a Church 俗人 2  a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject 外行，门外汉

lay-off n.  1  a temporary or permanent discharge of workers; a redundency (临时或永久性)解雇；裁员 2  a period when this is in force 解雇期；裁员期

lay open v. tr.  1  break the skin of 割开…的皮肤 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  expose (to criticism etc.) 揭露…(供批评等)

layout /ˈleiaʊt/ n.  1  the disposing or arrangement of a site, ground, etc. (场地、庭园等的)布局，设计 2  the way in which plans, printed matter, etc., are arranged or set out (方案、印刷品的)版面设计，版面编排 3  something arranged or set out in a particular way 设计(或布局)中的陈列物 4  the make-up of a book, newspaper, etc. (书、报等的)排版，拼版

layover /ˈleiəʊvə/ n.  a period of rest or waiting before a further stage in a journey etc.; a stopover (旅行等途中)短暂停留；中途停留

layperson /ˈleipɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a layman or laywoman 男(女)俗人

lay reader n. (in the Anglican Church) a lay person licensed to preach and to conduct some religious services (英国国教中准许讲道并举行某些宗教仪式的)俗人信徒

layshaft /ˈleiʃɑ:ft/ n. Brit.  a second or intermediate transmission shaft in a machine [英]副轴，中间轴

lay sister  see 见 LAY BROTHER 

lay vicar  see 见 VICAR 3 

laywoman  see 见 LAYMAN 

lazar /ˈleizə, ˈlæzə/ n. archaic  a poor and diseased person, esp. a leper [古义]恶疾患者(尤指麻风病人) [Middle English from medieval Latin lazarus, from the name Lazarus in Luke 16:20]

lazaret /læzəˈret/ n. (also 亦作 lazaretto /-ˈretəʊ/) (pl. lazarets or lazarettos)  1  a hospital for diseased people, esp. lepers 传染病医院(尤指麻风病医院) 2  a building or ship for quarantine 检疫大楼，检疫所；检疫船 3  the after part of a ship's hold, used for stores (船底仓的后部)贮藏间 [French lazaret or its source, Italian lazzaretto, from lazzaro LAZAR]

laze /leiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  spend time lazily or idly 懒散，闲散地混日子 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  pass (time) in this way 懒散地打发(时间) ●n.  a spell of lazing 一段闲混的时间 [back-formation from LAZY]

lazuli /ˈlæzjʊlai, -li/ n.  = LAPIS LAZULI  [abbreviation]

lazy /ˈleizi/ adj. (lazier, laziest)  1  disinclined to work, doing little work 懒惰的，偷懒的 2  of or inducing idleness 懒散的；令人无精打采的 3 (of a river etc.) slow-moving (河流等)缓缓流淌的 □ lazily  adv.  □ laziness  n.   [earlier laysie, lasie, laesy, perhaps from Low German: cf. Low German lasich ‘idle’]

lazybones /ˈleizibəʊnz/ n. (pl. same 单复同) colloq.  a lazy person [口]懒骨头，懒虫，懒汉

l.b. abbr. Cricket  leg-bye(s), leg-byed [缩略]【板球】触身得分(投手投球击中击球手身体而得分)，球触身

lb abbr.  a pound or pounds (weight) [缩略]磅(重量) [Latin libra]

LBC abbr.  London Broadcasting Company [缩略]伦敦广播公司

L/Bdr abbr.  Lance Bombardier [缩略]邮件炸弹投寄者

l.b.w. abbr. Cricket  leg before wicket [缩略]【板球】(击球员)腿碰球犯规出局

l.c. abbr. [缩略]  1  in the passage etc. cited 在引文中 2  lower case 小写字母盘 3  letter of credit 信用证 [sense 1 from Latin loco citato]

LCC abbr. hist.  London County Council [缩略] [史义]伦敦郡议会

LCD abbr. [缩略]  1  liquid crystal display 液晶显示器 2  lowest (or least) common denominator 最小公分母

LCM abbr.  lowest (or least) common multiple [缩略]最小公倍数

L/Cpl abbr.  Lance Corporal [缩略] (英国陆军)一等兵

LD abbr.  lethal dose, usu. with a following numeral indicating the percentage of a group of animals or cultured cells or micro-organisms killed by such a dose (LD50) [缩略] (通常带有数字的)药剂致死量

Ld. abbr. [缩略]  Lord 

Ldg. abbr. [缩略]  Leading (Seaman etc.) 

LDL abbr.  low-density lipoprotein [缩略]低密度脂蛋白

L-dopa n. Biochem.  the laevorotatory form of dopa, used to treat Parkinson's disease Also called 亦称作 levodopa 【生化】左旋多巴，左多巴(治疗帕金森病)

L-driver n. Brit.  a learner driver [英]见习司机

LDS abbr. [缩略]  1  Licentiate in Dental Surgery 持合格开业证的牙医 2  Latter-day Saints 后期圣徒

-le1 /(ə)l/ suffix forming nouns, esp. 构成名词，尤指 :  1  names of appliances or instruments (handle 手柄 ; thimble 顶针箍) 工具(或器具)的名称 2  names of animals and plants (beetle 甲虫 ; thistle 蓟) 动物(或植物)名称 [ultimately from or representing Old English -el etc. from Germanic, with many Indo-European cognates]■Usage 用法说明 The suffix has ceased to be syllabic in some words, e.g.stile. 后缀 -le 在某些词中已不构成音节，如 stile 。 

-le2 /(ə)l/ suffix (also 亦作 -el)  forming nouns with (or originally with) diminutive sense (angle 角 ; castle 城堡 ; mantle 披风 ; syllable 音节 ; novel 小说 ; tunnel 隧道) 构成名词，表示小(或原本有小)的意思 [Middle English -el, -elle from Old French, ultimately from Latin forms -ellus, -ella, -alis (cf. -AL), etc.]

-le3 /(ə)l/ suffix  forming adjectives, often with (or originally with) the sense ‘apt or liable to’ (brittle 易碎的 ; fickle 易变的 ; little 小的 ; nimble 灵活的) 构成形容词，常带有(或原本带有)“易于”，“倾向于” [Middle English from Old English -el etc. from Germanic, corresponding to Latin -ulus]

-le4 /(ə)l/ suffix  forming verbs, esp. expressing repeated action or movement or having diminutive sense (bubble 冒泡 ; crumple 使皱 ; wriggle 蠕动) 构成动词，尤表示“重复”或“小幅度重复” [Old English -lian, from Germanic]

LEA abbr. (in the UK) Local Education Authority [缩略] (英国)地方教育局

lea /li:/ n. poet.  a piece of meadowland, or pastureland, or arable land [诗]牧场；草原；农田 [Old English lēa(h), from Germanic]

leach /li:tʃ/ v.  1 tr.  make (a liquid) percolate through some material 过滤，沥滤，渗滤(液体) 2 tr.  subject (bark, ore, ash, or soil) to the action of percolating fluid 淋洗(树皮、矿砂、灰或土) 3 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 away, out)  remove (soluble matter) or be removed in this way 滤掉(可溶物质)，滤取 [probably representing Old English leccan ‘to water’, from West Germanic]

lead1 /li:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. led /led/)  1 tr.  cause to go with one, esp. by guiding or showing the way or by going in front and taking a person's hand or an animal's halter etc. (尤指前行而)引领，给…指路；带领(牵领等) 2 tr.  a  direct the actions or opinions of 指导b (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  guide by persuasion or example or argument (以劝说、举例或争论的方式)引导  what led you to that conclusion?  什么导致你得出那样的结论？ was led to think you may be right  使之认为你可能是正确的 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  provide access to; bring to a certain position or destination 作为通路；通往；通向  this door leads you into a small room  你走这扇门通往小屋 the road leads to Lincoln  这条路通往林肯大道 the path leads uphill  这条路通往山上 4 tr.  pass or go through (a life etc. of a specified kind) 度过，经历(特殊的生活等)  led a miserable existence  过着悲惨的生活 5 tr.  a  have the first place in 领先于；占首位，居第一  lead the dance  在舞蹈中担任主角 leads the world in sugar production  在糖业生产中居世界首位b (also absol. [亦含宾])  go first; be ahead in a race or game 率先；(在比赛或游戏中)领先c (also absol. [亦含宾])  be pre-eminent in some field (在某些领域)处于杰出的地位 6 tr.  be in charge of 领导，带领  leads a team of researchers  带领一个研究小组 7 tr.  a  direct by example 通过实例来指导b  set (a fashion) 开创(风气)c  be the principal player of (a group of musicians) (乐队)领奏 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  begin a round of play at cards by playing (a card) or a card of (a particular suit) 先出(牌)；先出(某特殊花式的牌) 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  have as an end or outcome; result in 导致…结果，得出…结果  what does all this lead to?  所有这些会导致什么后果呢？ 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) Boxing  make an attack (with a particular blow) 【拳击】(以特殊套路)猛击 11  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) (of a newspaper) use a particular item as the main story (报纸)作头条新闻刊登  led with the Stock Market crash  把股票行情暴跌作为头条新闻刊登b tr. (of a story) be the main feature of (a newspaper or part of it) (故事)作为(报纸或版面的)特写  the royal wedding will lead the front page  皇家婚礼将作为头版的特写 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  make (a liquid, strip of material, etc.) pass through a pulley, channel, etc. 使(液体、条状物等)通过(滑轮或通道等) ●n.  1  guidance given by going in front; example 带领；榜样，示范 2  a  a leading place; the leadership 领先；领导  is in the lead  占领先地位 take the lead  率先b  the amount by which a competitor is ahead of the others 领先的程度  a lead of ten yards  领先 10 码 3  a clue, esp. an early indication of the resolution of a problem 线索(尤指解决问题早期显示的征迹)  is the first real lead in the case  是这案子中第一条有价值的线索 4  a strap or cord for leading a dog etc. (牵狗等的)绳索 5  a Brit.  a conductor (usu. a wire) conveying electric current from a source to an appliance [英]导体(通常为导线)b US  a conductor used in internal wiring [美]引线，联接线 6  a  the chief part in a play etc. (剧中等的)主角b  the person playing this 扮演主角的演员c (作 attrib.)  the chief performer or instrument of a specified type 主要演奏者；主导乐器，领奏乐器  lead guitar  领奏吉它 7 (in full 全称 lead story)  the item of news given the greatest prominence in a newspaper or magazine (报纸、杂志中的)主要新闻，头条新闻，特辑 8  a  the act or right of playing first in a game or round of cards 首先开始；先出牌b  the card led 先出的牌 9  the distance advanced by a screw in one turn 螺纹距 10  a  an artificial watercourse, esp. one leading to a mill 人工水道(尤指通向磨坊的人工渠道)b  a channel of water in an ice field 冰间水道 □ lead astray   cause to err or sin 把…引入歧途；把人带坏□ lead by the nose   cajole (a person) into compliance 牵着(某人)鼻子走；哄骗(某人)□ lead a person a dance   see 见 DANCE □ lead off   1  begin; make a start 开始，作为开头 2 Brit. colloq.  lose one's temper [英口]发脾气□ lead on   1  entice into going further than was intended 诱骗…走得过头了 2  mislead or deceive 误导；诱骗□ lead up the garden path  colloq.  mislead [口]引入歧途□ lead the way   see 见 WAY □ leadable  adj.   [Old English lœˉdan, from Germanic]

lead2 /led/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a heavy bluish-grey soft ductile metallic element occurring naturally in galena and used in building and the manufacture of alloys, both the metal and its compounds being toxic (symbol 符 Pb) 【化】(化学元素)铅 2  a  graphite 石墨b  a thin length of this for use in a pencil 铅笔心 3  a lump of lead used in sounding water 测深锤 4 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  a  strips of lead covering a roof (盖房顶的)薄铅片b  a piece of lead-covered roof 盖有铅皮的房顶 5 (in pl. 用复数)  lead frames holding the glass of a lattice or stained-glass window 固定玻璃的铅框(用在格子或彩色玻璃窗上) 6 Printing 【印刷】  a  a metal strip (used to create space between lines of type) 行间(加空)铅条b  this space 加铅条的行距 7 (作 attrib.)  made of lead 铅制的 ●v. tr.  1  cover, weight, or frame (a roof or window panes) with lead 用铅皮覆盖；灌铅加重(屋顶)；用铅框固定(窗玻璃) 2 Printing  separate lines of (printed matter) with leads 【印刷】用铅条给(印刷品的铅版)加空 3  add a lead compound to (petrol etc.) 给(汽油等)加入铅化合物 □ swing the lead   see 见 SWING □ leaded  adj.  □ leadless  adj.   [Old English lēad, from West Germanic]

leaden /ˈled(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or like lead 铅的，似铅的 2  heavy, slow, burdensome 沉重的；缓慢的；令人烦恼的  leaden limbs  沉重无力的四肢 3  inert, depressing 沉闷的，令人压抑的  leaden rule  令人压抑的规则 4  lead-coloured 铅灰色的  leaden skies  铅灰色的天空 □ leadenly  adv.  □ leadenness  /ˈled(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English lēaden (as LEAD2)]

leaden seal n.  a stamped piece of lead holding the ends of a wire used as a fastening 铅封

leader /ˈli:də/ n.  1  a  a person or thing that leads 领先者，引导者(或物)b  a person followed by others 领导，领袖，向导 2  a  the principal player in a music group (乐队的)领奏者b  the first violin in an orchestra (管弦乐队的)首席小提琴手c US  a conductor of an orchestra [美] (管弦乐队的)指挥 3 Brit. [英]  = LEADING ARTICLE  4  a short strip of non-functioning material at each end of a reel of film or recording tape for connection to the spool (胶卷或磁带头上的)引带，装片段 5 (in full 全称 Leader of the House) Brit.  a member of the government officially responsible for initiating business in Parliament [英]议会的议长 6  a shoot of a plant at the apex of a stem or of the main branch (植物的)顶枝 7 (in pl. 用复数) Printing  a series of dots or dashes across the page to guide the eye, esp. in tabulated material 【印刷】连接点线；指引线(引导视线，尤用于表格) 8  the horse placed at the front in a team or pair 领头马 □ leaderless  adj.  □ leadership  n.   [Old English lœˉdere (as LEAD1)]

leader board n.  a scoreboard, esp. at a golf course, showing the names etc. of the leading competitors 记分牌(尤指高尔夫球场上用来记录领先者姓名等)

leaderene /li:dəˈri:n/ n. joc.  a female leader, esp. of an autocratic character [诙]女领导人(尤指具有独断专横的性格) [LEADER + -ene female ending, on the pattern of forenames like Marlene]

lead-free adj. (of petrol) without added tetraethyl lead (汽油)无铅的，不含四乙(基)铅的

lead-in n.  1  an introduction, opening, etc. 介绍(引入等)；开场白 2  a wire leading in from outside, esp. from an aerial to a receiver or transmitter 引入线(尤指从天线引入到接收器或发射器)

leading1 /ˈli:diŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  chief; most important 主要的，最重要的 ●n.  guidance, leadership 引导，领导

leading2 /ˈlediŋ/ n. Printing 【印刷】  = LEAD2n. 6 

leading aircraftman n. (fem. leading aircraftwoman)  the rank above aircraftman in the RAF 皇家空军二等(女)兵

leading article n. Brit.  a newspaper article giving the editorial opinion [英]社论

leading counsel n.  the senior barrister of two or more in a case 主管律师

leading edge n.  1  the foremost edge of an aerofoil, esp. a wing or propeller blade (尤指机翼与螺旋桨叶片的)前缘；导边 2  the forefront of development, esp. in technology (尤指技术)领先，尖端 3 Electronics  the part of a pulse in which the amplitude increases 【电子学】(脉冲振幅的)上升边，前沿

leading lady n.  the actress playing the principal part in a play etc. (戏剧等中)演主角的女演员

leading light n.  a prominent and influential person 有影响的头面人物，有影响的杰出人物

leading man n.  the actor playing the principal part in a play etc. (戏剧等中)演主角的男演员

leading note n. Mus. 【音】  = SUBTONIC 

leading question n.  a question that prompts the answer wanted, e.g. so you never saw the accused hit the officer? 诱导性提问(促成想要的回答，如：所以你从没见过被告曾打过这位官员？ )■Usage 用法说明 Note that leading question does not mean a ‘principal’ or ‘loaded’ or ‘searching’ question. 注意“诱导性提问”不是指“主要”提问、“话中有话或另有意思的”提问或“探索性”提问。 

leading-rein n.  a rein used to lead a horse along, esp. when ridden by an inexperienced rider (尤指生手骑马时用的)马缰绳

leading seaman n.  the rank next below NCO in the Royal Navy (英国皇家海军)一等水兵

leading tone n. US Mus. [美]【音】  = LEADING NOTE 

lead-off n.  an action beginning a process 开始，开端

lead pencil n.  a pencil of graphite enclosed in wood 铅笔

lead poisoning n.  acute or chronic poisoning by absorption of lead into the body (急性或慢性的)铅中毒

lead shot n.  = SHOT1 3b 

lead story  see 见 LEAD1 n. 7 

lead tetraethyl n.  = TETRAETHYL LEAD 

lead time n.  the time between the initiation and completion of a production process 生产过程的始末，生产周期

lead wool n.  a fibrous form of lead, used for jointing water pipes 铅毛(用于管子的接头)

leadwort /ˈledwɜ:t/ n.  = PLUMBAGO 2 

leaf /li:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. leaves /li:vz/)  1  a  each of several flattened usu. green structures of a plant, usu. on the side of a stem or branch and the main organ of photosynthesis (通常位于茎侧的绿色)树叶，叶子b  other similar plant structures, e.g. bracts, sepals, and petals 类似叶子的植物结构(如：苞片、萼片及花瓣)  floral leaf  花叶 2  a  foliage regarded collectively (总称)叶b  the state of having leaves out 长叶  a tree in leaf  正在长叶子的树 3  the leaves of tobacco or tea 烟叶，茶叶 4  a single thickness of paper, esp. in a book with each side forming a page 纸张，(尤指书中的纸)一张 5  a very thin sheet of metal, esp. gold or silver 金属薄片(尤指金箔、银箔) 6  a  the hinged part or flap of a door, shutter, table, etc. 铰链部分；(门、百叶窗的)页扇；(桌子等的)折合桌面b  an extra section inserted to extend a table (延伸桌面的)额外插入部分 ●v.  1 intr.  put forth leaves 生长叶子 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  turn over the pages of (a book etc.) 翻(书等)的页 □ leafage  n.  □ leafed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ leafless  adj.  □ leaflessness  n.  □ leaflike  adj.   [Old English lēaf, from Germanic]

leafcutter /ˈli:fkʌtə/ n.  1 (in full 全称 leafcutter ant)  an ant of the mainly tropical American genus Atta, which cuts pieces from leaves to cultivate fungus 切叶蚁(主要生长在美洲热带地区) 2 (in full 全称 leafcutter bee)  a solitary bee of the family Megachilidae which lines its nest with leaf fragments 切叶蜂

leaf green n. & adj. ●n.  the colour of green leaves 叶绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 叶绿色的

leafhopper /ˈli:fhɒpə/ n.  any homopterous insect of the superfamily Cicadelloidea, which sucks the sap of plants and often causes damage and spreads disease 叶蝉(吸食植物的液汁，损害植物，传播病虫害)

leaf insect n.  any insect of the family Phylliidae, having a flattened body leaflike in appearance 竹节虫，叶子虫

leaflet /ˈli:flit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sheet of (usu. printed) paper (sometimes folded but not stitched) giving information, esp. for free distribution 传单；小册子(通常免费散发的印刷品，有时折叠，但不装订) 2  a young leaf 嫩叶 3 Bot.  a division of a compound leaf 【植】复叶的一片 ●v. tr. (leafleted, leafleting)  distribute leaflets to 向…散发传单

leaf miner n.  any of various insect larvae, esp. of some small moths and flies, that burrow between the surfaces of leaves 潜叶虫(尤指小娥、小蝇)

leaf monkey n.  a langur 龄猴，叶猴

leaf mould n.  soil consisting chiefly of decayed leaves 腐叶土

leaf spring n.  a spring made of strips of metal 钢片弹簧

leaf-stalk n.  a petiole 叶柄

leafy /ˈli:fi/ adj. (leafier, leafiest)  1  a  having many leaves 叶子茂盛的b (of a place) rich in foliage; verdant (指地方)叶子覆盖的；绿叶茂密的 2  resembling a leaf 叶状的 □ leafiness  n.  

league1 /li:ɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a collection of people, countries, groups, etc., combining for a particular purpose, esp. mutual protection or cooperation (尤指共同防御及合作的)同盟，联盟，社团(联合会，协会等) 2  an agreement to combine in this way 盟约 3  a group of sports clubs which compete over a period for a championship (联赛的)俱乐部联合会 4  a class of contestants etc. of comparable ability 种类，等级(指竞争者等的才能) ●v. intr. (leagues, leagued, leaguing) (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  join in a league 结成联盟 □ in league   allied, conspiring 联合的；勾结的 [French ligue or Italian liga, variant of lega from legare ‘bind’, from Latin ligare]

league2 /li:ɡ/ n. archaic  a varying measure of travelling distance by land, usu. about three miles [古义]里格(通常约 3 英里) [Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin leuga, leuca, of Gaulish origin]

league football n. Austral.  Rugby League or Australian Rules football played in leagues [澳]联盟制橄榄球赛；澳大利亚式橄榄球运动

leaguer1 /ˈli:ɡə/ n. esp. US  a member of a league [尤美]盟员，会员

leaguer2 /ˈli:ɡə/ n. & v.  = LAAGER  [Dutch leger ‘camp’, related to LAIR1]

league table n. Brit. [英]  1  a listing of competitors as a league, showing their ranking according to performance 联赛成绩和名次排列表 2  any list of ranking order 名次表

leak /li:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hole in a pipe, container, etc. caused by wear or damage, through which matter, esp. liquid or gas, passes accidentally in or out (管子、容器等尤指漏出液体、气体的)漏洞，裂缝b  the matter passing in or out through this 渗入物；泄漏物c  the act or an instance of leaking 泄漏 2  a  a similar escape of electrical charge 漏电b  the charge that escapes 泄漏电荷 3  the intentional disclosure of secret information (消息)透露 ●v.  1  a intr. (of liquid, gas, etc.) pass in or out through a leak (液体、气体等)渗进来(或漏出去)b tr.  lose or admit (liquid, gas, etc.) through a leak 使漏出(或渗入) (液体、气体等) 2 tr.  intentionally disclose (secret information) 透露(消息) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) (of a secret, secret information) become known (秘密、机密)泄露，公开 □ have (or take) a leak  slang  urinate [俚语]撒尿□ leaker  n.   [Middle English, probably from Low German]

leakage /ˈli:kidʒ/ n.  1  the action or result of leaking 漏，泄漏 2  what leaks in or out 渗入物，漏出物 3  an intentional disclosure of secret information 透露消息，公开秘密

leaky /ˈli:ki/ adj. (leakier, leakiest)  1  having a leak or leaks 漏的，有漏洞的 2  given to disclosing secrets 易走漏消息的 □ leakiness  n.  

leal /li:l/ adj. Sc.  loyal, honest [苏格兰]忠诚的，诚实的 [Middle English from Anglo-French leal, Old French leel, loial (as LOYAL)]

lean1 /li:n/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. leaned /li:nd, lent/ or esp. Brit. [尤英] leant /lent/)  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 across, back, over, etc.)  be or place in a sloping position; incline from the perpendicular 斜，(使)倾斜；由直立弯曲，屈身 2 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 against, on, upon)  rest or cause to rest for support against etc. 靠，依(使依靠在支撑物上等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  rely on; derive support from 依靠，依赖；获得依靠 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, towards)  be inclined or partial to; have a tendency towards 倾向，偏向于；有…倾向 ●n.  a deviation from the perpendicular; an inclination 倾斜；倾向  has a decided lean to the right  有明显的向右倾斜 □ lean on  colloq.  put pressure on (a person) to act in a certain way [口] (用某种手段)给(人)施加压力□ lean over backwards   see 见 backwards  [Old English hleonian, hlinian, from Germanic]

lean2 /li:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person or animal) thin; having no superfluous fat (人或动物)瘦的；无过多脂肪的 2 (of meat) containing little fat (肉)少脂肪的 3  a  meagre; of poor quality 贫乏的；劣质的  lean crop  欠收b  not nourishing 营养不足的  lean diet  缺乏营养的饮食 4  unremunerative 薄利的 5 (of a vaporized fuel mixture) having a high proportion of air (汽化混合燃料)高度汽化的 ●n.  the lean part of meat 瘦肉 □ leanly  adv.  □ leanness  /ˈli:nnis/ n.   [Old English hlœˉne, from Germanic]

lean-burn adj.  of or relating to an internal-combustion engine designed to run on a lean mixture to reduce pollution (有关内燃机)使用高度汽化燃料的(可减少污染)

leaning /ˈli:niŋ/ n.  a tendency or partiality 趋势，倾向；偏向，偏袒

lean-to n. (pl. -tos)  a building with its roof leaning against a larger building or a wall 单坡屋顶的建筑，披屋

lean years n. pl.  years of scarcity 饥荒年份，欠收年份

leap /li:p/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. leaped /li:pt, lept/ or leapt /lept/)  1 intr.  jump or spring forcefully 跳，跳跃；跃起 2 tr.  jump across 越过 3 intr. (of prices etc.) increase dramatically (价格等)暴涨 ●n.  a forceful jump 跳跃 □ by leaps and bounds   with startlingly rapid progress 飞跃地，迅猛地□ leap in the dark   a daring step or enterprise whose consequences are unpredictable 冒险的举动□ leap to the eye   be immediately apparent 跃(映)入眼帘□ leaper  n.   [Old English hlyˉp, hlēapan, from Germanic]

leapfrog /ˈli:pfrɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  a game in which players in turn vault with parted legs over others who are bending down 跳背游戏(双腿分开跃过躬身站立人的背) ●v. (-frogged, -frogging)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  perform such a vault 作跳背动作 2 tr.  vault over in this way 跳过，跃过 3 tr. & intr. (of two or more people, vehicles, etc.) overtake alternately (两个或两个以上的人或车辆等)交替超越

leap year n.  a year, occurring once in four, with 366 days (including 29th Feb. as an intercalary day) 闰年(包括 2 月 29 日作为闰日) [probably from the fact that feast days after February in such a year fell two days later (as opposed to one day in other years) than in the previous year]

learn /lɜ:n/ v. (past and past part. learned /lɜ:nt, lɜ:nd/ or esp. Brit. [尤英] learnt /lɜ:nt/)  1 tr.  gain knowledge of or skill in by study, experience, or being taught 学习，学；学到；学会 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  acquire or develop a particular ability 获得，得知(某种特殊能力)  learn to swim  学游泳 3 tr.  commit to memory 记住  will try to learn your names  将设法记住你们的名字 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  be informed about 听到，被告知 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that, how, etc. + clause)  become aware of by information or from observation 了解到，知道，察觉到 6 intr.  receive instruction; acquire knowledge or skill 学习到；获得知识(或技能) 7 tr. archaic or slang  teach [古义] [俚语]教 □ learn one's lesson   see 见 LESSON □ learnable  adj.  □ learnability  /-nəˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English leornian from Germanic: related to LORE1]■Usage 用法说明 The use of learn in sense 7 to mean ‘teach’, as in I'll learn you, is non-standard and to be avoided. 动词 learn 在释义 7 中为“教”，如 I'll learn you (我来教你)，这种用法不标准，应避免。 

learned /ˈlɜ:nid/ adj.  1  having much knowledge acquired by study 知识渊博的，有学问的 2  showing or requiring learning 知识性强的，需要丰富知识的  a learned work  知识性强的工作 3  studied or pursued by learned persons 高深的，精通的 4  concerned with the interests of learned persons; scholarly 与学术界有关的，学术性的  a learned journal  学术性杂志 5 Brit.  as a courteous description of a lawyer in certain formal contexts [英]知识渊博的(在某些正式场合用来形容律师以表示礼貌)  my learned friend  我的精通法律的同行 □ learnedly  adv.  □ learnedness  n.   [Middle English, from LEARN in the sense ‘teach’]

learner /ˈlɜ:nə/ n.  1  a person who is learning a subject or skill 学习者，初学者 2 (in full 全称 learner driver)  a person who is learning to drive a motor vehicle and has not yet passed a driving test 见习司机，实习司机

learning /ˈlɜ:niŋ/ n.  knowledge acquired by study 学得的知识，学问，学识 [Old English leornung (as LEARN)]

learning curve n.  1  the rate of progress in learning or gaining experience 学习曲线 2  a graph of this 学习曲线图

lease /li:s/ n. & v. ●n.  an agreement by which the owner of a building or land allows another to use it for a specified time, usu. in return for payment (通常对方付以金钱的)出租契约 ●v. tr.  grant or take on lease 出租；租 □ a new lease of (N. Amer. [北美] on) life   a substantially improved prospect of living, or of use after repair 生活上重新振兴；(东西修复后)重新使用□ leasable  adj.  □ leaser  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French les, Old French lais, leis, from lesser, laissier ‘leave’, via Latin laxare ‘make loose’ from laxus ‘loose’]

leaseback /ˈli:sbæk/ n.  the leasing of a property back to the vendor 售后回租(买下的财产租给卖主)

leasehold /ˈli:shəʊld/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the holding of property by lease 租赁权 2  property held by lease 租赁的财产 ●adj.  held by lease 租赁的 □ leaseholder  n.  

leash /li:ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a dog's lead or similar restraint 牵狗的皮带(绳子、链条) ●v. tr.  1  put a leash on (用皮带、绳子)拴住 2  restrain 抑制，控制 □ straining at the leash   eager to begin 急于开始 [Middle English from Old French lesse, laisse from a specific use of laisser ‘let run on a slack lead’: see LEASE]

least /li:st/ det., adj., pron. & adv. ●det. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the; often with neg. 常与否定词连用)  smallest, slightest, most insignificant 最小，最少，最没有意义  it doesn't make the least difference  一点区别也没有 hasn't got the least idea  毫无主意 whoever has least experience  无论谁都没有一点经验 ●adj. (of a species or variety) very small (种类、品种)很小  least tern  小燕鸥 ●pron. (prec. by 前接 the)  the least amount 最少的量  the least you could do would be not to interfere  不要干预那是你起码可以做的事 ●adv.  in the slightest degree; very little 最小程度地；极少地  this surprised her least  这没有使她感到多少惊讶 □ at least   1  at all events; anyway; even if there is doubt about a more extended statement 无论怎样；不管怎样；反正(即使有疑问也要去做) 2 (also 亦作 at the least)  not less than 至少□ in the least (or the least)  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  in the smallest degree; at all 至少；一点儿；丝毫  not in the least offended  一点也不生气□ to say the least (or the least of it)   used to imply the moderation of a statement 至少可以说；退一步讲  that is doubtful to say the least  至少可以说那是可疑的 [Old English lœˉst, lœˉsest, from Germanic]

least common denominator n.  = LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR 

least common multiple n.  = LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE 

least squares n. (in full 全称 method or principle of least squares)  a method of estimating a quantity or fitting a graph to data so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed values and the estimated values 最小二乘法，最小平方(将观察值和估算值之间的残差平方减至最小的统计方法)

leastways /ˈli:stweiz/ adv. (also 亦作 leastwise /-waiz/) dial. or colloq.  or at least, or rather [方] [口]至少；无论如何

leat /li:t/ n. Brit.  an open watercourse conducting water to a mill etc. [英] (引入磨坊等的)露天水渠 [Old English -gelœˉt (as Y- + root of LET1)]

leather /ˈleðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  material made from the skin of an animal by tanning or a similar process 皮革b (作 attrib.)  made of leather 皮制品 2  a piece of leather for polishing with 用于擦亮东西的皮 3  the leather part or parts of something (物品的)皮革部分 4 slang  a cricket ball or football [俚语]板球；足球 5 (in pl. 用复数)  leather clothes, esp. leggings, breeches, or clothes for wearing on a motorcycle 皮衣物(尤指皮绑腿、皮马裤、骑摩托车穿的皮衣裤) 6  a thong 皮带，皮条  stirrup leather  马镫皮带 ●v. tr.  1  cover with leather 用皮革覆盖，用皮革蒙上 2  polish or wipe with a leather (用皮革)擦拭 3  beat, thrash (originally with a leather thong) (源自于用皮带)抽打 [Old English lether, from Germanic]

leatherback /ˈleðəbæk/ n.  a large marine turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, having a thick leathery carapace 棱皮龟(大海龟，有很厚的皮状壳)

leather-bound adj. (esp. of a book) bound in leather (尤指书)皮面装订的

leathercloth /ˈleðəklɒθ/ n.  strong fabric coated to resemble leather 人造革，漆布，油布

leatherette /leðəˈret/ n.  imitation leather 人造革；仿皮革

leatherjacket /ˈleðədʒækit/ n.  1 Brit.  a crane-fly larva with a tough skin [英]大蚊幼虫(有坚韧的表皮) 2  any of various tough-skinned marine fishes of the families Carangidae and Balistidae 无腹鳍刺鲀，鳞鲀

leathern /ˈleð(ə)n/ n. archaic  made of leather [古义]皮制的

leatherneck /ˈleðənek/ n. Naut. slang  a soldier or (esp. US) a marine (with reference to the leather stock formerly worn by them) 【海】[俚语]士兵；[尤美]海军陆战队士兵(得名于旧时穿皮领制服)

leatherwear /ˈleðəwɛə/ n.  articles of clothing made of leather 皮革衣物

leathery /ˈleð(ə)ri/ adj.  1  like leather 皮革状的 2 (esp. of meat etc.) tough (尤指肉等)煮不烂的，老的 □ leatheriness  n.  

leave1 /li:v/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. left /left/)  1  a tr.  go away from; cease to remain in or on 离开；脱离  left him quite well an hour ago  一小时以前离开他时他还好好的 leave the track  脱轨 leave here  离开这里b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  depart 出发  we leave tomorrow  我们明天出发 has just left for London  刚刚出发去伦敦 2 tr.  cause to or let remain; depart without taking 丢下；留下；遗忘  has left his gloves  他手套忘拿了 left a slimy trail  留下了一道泥泞的踪迹 left a bad impression  留下了很坏的影响 six from seven leaves one  7 减 6 还剩 1 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cease to reside at or attend or belong to or work for 不再在…居住；退出；辞去  has left the school  已离开学校了 I am leaving for another firm  我辞职正要去另一家公司 4 tr.  abandon, forsake, desert 放弃，抛弃，遗弃 5 tr.  have remaining after one's death 遗留  leaves a wife and two children  留下了遗孀和两个孩子 6 tr.  bequeath 遗赠，留给 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  allow (a person or thing) to do something without interference or assistance 听凭；让(某人或某物)做某事  leave the future to take care of itself  任凭未来自然发展吧 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  commit or refer to another person or agent 托付，交付  leave that to me  把此事交付给我来办 nothing was left to chance  什么都不要靠运气 9 tr.  a  abstain from consuming or dealing with 不顾，不管b (in passive 用被动； often foll. by 常后跟 over)  remain over 剩下 10 tr.  a  deposit or entrust (a thing) to be attended to, collected, delivered, etc., in one's absence (不在时)留下(东西)委托照看(保存或传递等)  left a message with his secretary  给他秘书留了个口信b  depute (a person) to perform a function in one's absence 委托(某人)代理职务 11 tr.  allow to remain or cause to be in a specified state or position 让(或使)保持某种状态(或地位)  left the door open  让门开着 the performance left them unmoved  演出没有打动观众 left nothing that was necessary undone  需要做的事都做了 12 tr.  pass (an object) so that it is in a specified relative direction 经过(某物)使其处于相对的特定方位  leave the church on the left  把教堂留到了左边 ●n.  the position in which a player leaves the balls in billiards, croquet, etc. (台球，槌球等比赛中，击球后)球停留的位置 □ be left with   1  retain (a feeling etc.) 保留(某种感情等) 2  be burdened with (a responsibility etc.) 负有(责任等)□ be well left   be well provided for by a legacy etc. 得到大笔遗产(遗赠等)□ get left  colloq.  be deserted or defeated [口]被抛弃；被击败□ have left   have remaining 剩有  has no friends left  没剩一个朋友□ leave alone   1  refrain from disturbing, not interfere with 不打扰，不干预 2  not have dealings with 和…无关□ leave be  colloq.  refrain from disturbing, not interfere with [口]不打扰；不干预□ leave behind   1  go away without 忘了带走 2  leave as a consequence or a visible sign of passage 留下(结果或痕迹) 3  pass 超过□ leave a person cold (or cool)   not impress or excite a person 未能感动，未能打动□ leave go  colloq. [口]  relax one's hold 松手□ leave hold of   cease holding 放手□ leave it at that   abstain from comment or further action 到此为止，就这样了□ leave much (or a lot etc.) to be desired   be highly unsatisfactory 极不完善，有待改进□ leave off   1  come to or make an end 结束；终止 2  discontinue 停止，中断  leave off work  停止工作 leave off talking  中断谈话 3  not wear 不再穿□ leave out   omit, not include 删除；排除□ leave over  Brit.  leave to be considered, settled, or used later [英]推迟考虑(解决或使用)□ leave a person to himself (or herself)   1  not attempt to control a person 不想支配他(她) 2  leave a person solitary 听其自便□ left at the post   beaten from the start of a race 比赛一开始就失败(被抛在后面)□ left for dead   abandoned as being beyond rescue 无法救治而被遗弃□ leaver  n.   [Old English lœˉfan, from Germanic]

leave2 /li:v/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  permission 准许，同意 2  a (in full 全称 leave of absence)  permission to be absent from duty 休假，准假b  the period for which this lasts 假期 □ by (or with) your leave  often iron.  an expression of apology for taking a liberty or making an unwelcome statement [常讽]承蒙允许；对不起(在冒昧行事或说不受欢迎的话时用)□ on leave   legitimately absent from duty 请过假；休假中□ take one's leave   bid farewell 告别；离开□ take one's leave of   bid farewell to 向…告别；从…离开□ take leave of one's senses   see 见 SENSE □ take leave to   venture or presume to 冒昧(或擅自)去做 [Old English lēaf from West Germanic: related to LIEF, LOVE]

leaved /li:vd/ adj.  1  having leaves 长了叶的，有叶的 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having a leaf or leaves of a specified kind or number 有…状叶的；有…片叶的  four-leaved clover  四叶车轴草

leaven /ˈlev(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a substance added to dough to make it ferment and rise, esp. yeast, or fermenting dough reserved for the purpose 发酵剂(尤指酵母、发酵面团) 2  a  a pervasive transforming influence (cf. 参见 Matt. 13:33) 潜移默化的影响b (foll. by 后跟 of)  a tinge or admixture of a specified quality 色调，味道；综合质地 ●v. tr.  1  ferment (dough) with leaven (用发酵剂)使(面团)发酵 2  a  permeate and transform 使渗入；使改变b (foll. by 后跟 with)  modify with a tempering element (加入调节因素)使…起变化 [Middle English via Old French levain from Gallo-Roman use of Latin levamen ‘relief’, from levare ‘lift’]

leave of absence  see 见 LEAVE2 2a 

leaves pl.  of LEAF  

leave-taking n.  the act of taking one's leave 告别 [LEAVE2]

leavings /ˈli:viŋz/ n. pl.  things left over, esp. as worthless 留剩物，残留物(尤指无价值的东西)

Lebanese /lebəˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Lebanon in the Middle East 黎巴嫩的，与黎巴嫩有关的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or national of Lebanon 黎巴嫩人，黎巴嫩国民 2  a person of Lebanese descent 黎巴嫩人后裔

Lebanon   黎巴嫩

Lebensraum /ˈleibənzraʊm, 德 le:bənsraʊm/ n.  the territory which a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development 生存空间 [German, = living space (originally with reference to Germany, esp. in the 1930s)]

lech /letʃ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  feel lecherous; behave lustfully 好色；淫荡 ●n.  1  a strong desire, esp. sexual 强烈的欲望(尤指性欲) 2  a lecher 好色之徒 [back-formation from LECHER: the noun perhaps from letch ‘longing’]

lecher /ˈletʃə/ n.  a lecherous man; a debauchee 好色之徒；纵欲者 [Middle English via Old French lecheor etc., from lechier ‘live in debauchery or gluttony’, from Frankish: related to LICK]

lecherous /ˈletʃ(ə)rəs/ adj.  lustful, having strong or excessive sexual desire 贪色的，纵欲的，淫荡的 □ lecherously  adv.  □ lecherousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French lecheros etc., from lecheur LECHER]

lechery /ˈletʃ(ə)ri/ n.  unrestrained indulgence of sexual desire 纵欲 [Middle English from Old French lecherie, from lecheur LECHER]

lecithin /ˈlesiθin/ n.  1  any of a group of phospholipids found naturally in animals, egg yolk, and some higher plants 卵磷脂 2  a preparation of this used to emulsify foods etc. 卵磷脂制剂(用于乳化食品等) [Greek lekithos ‘egg yolk’ + -IN]

lectern /ˈlekt(ə)n, -ɜ:n/ n.  1  a stand for holding a book in a church or chapel, esp. for a bible from which lessons are to be read (教堂里尤指放《圣经》的)读经台 2  a similar stand for a lecturer etc. (讲演者等用的)似读经台的讲台 [Middle English lettorne from Old French let(t)run, medieval Latin lectrum from legere lect- ‘read’]

lectin /ˈlektin/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of proteins, usu. of plant origin, causing the agglutination of particular cell types 【生化】外源凝集素(一种蛋白质，通常来源于植物，能凝聚某些类型的细胞) [Latin legere, lect- ‘choose, select’ + -IN]

lection /ˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a reading of a text found in a particular copy or edition (同一著作，不同版本的)异文 [Latin lectio ‘reading’ (as LECTERN)]

lectionary /ˈlekʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a list of portions of Scripture appointed to be read at divine service (做礼拜时)指定要诵读的经文的目录 2  a book containing such portions 诵读经文选集 [Middle English from medieval Latin lectionarium (as LECTION)]

lector /ˈlektɔ:/ n.  1  a reader, esp. of lessons in a church service (尤指教堂礼拜时的)读经人 2 (fem. lectrice /lekˈtri:s/)  a lecturer or reader, esp. one employed in a foreign university to give instruction in his or her native language 外籍语言讲师(在国外大学教本国语言) [Latin from legere lect- ‘read’]

lecture /ˈlektʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a discourse giving information about a subject to a class or other audience 讲课；演讲 2  a long serious speech esp. as a scolding or reprimand 冗长的训导(尤指训斥或告诫) ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  deliver a lecture or lectures 演讲；讲课 2 tr.  talk seriously or reprovingly to (a person) (对某人)告诫；训斥 3 tr.  instruct or entertain (a class or other audience) by a lecture 给(班级)讲课；给(听众)作演讲 [Middle English via Old French lecture or medieval Latin lectura from Latin (as LECTOR)]

lecturer /ˈlektʃ(ə)rə/ n.  a person who lectures, esp. as a teacher in higher education 演讲者；讲师(尤指具有高等教育的教师)

lectureship /ˈlektʃəʃip/ n.  the office of lecturer 讲师的职位■Usage 用法说明 The form lectureship, which is strictly more regular, is in official use at Oxford University and elsewhere, but is not widely current. lectureship (讲师)这一形式极其严格正规，在牛津大学等地正式使用，但还没有普及。 

lecture theatre  see 见 THEATRE 3 

lecythus /ˈlesiθəs/ n. (pl. lecythi /-θai/) Gk Antiq.  a thin narrow-necked vase or flask [古希腊]古希腊长颈瓶 [Greek lēkuthos]

LED abbr.  light-emitting diode, a semiconductor diode which glows when a voltage is applied [缩略]发光二级管 often 常作 attrib.: LED display  发光二级管显示器

led past and past part.  of LEAD1 

lederhosen /ˈleidəhəʊz(ə)n/ n. pl.  leather shorts with braces as worn by men in Bavaria etc. (巴伐利亚等地男子穿的)背带式皮短裤 [German, = leather trousers]

ledge /ledʒ/ n.  1  a narrow horizontal surface projecting from a wall etc. 壁架(墙壁等的突出部位) 2  a shelf-like projection on the side of a rock or mountain 岩架，岩石突出部 3  a ridge of rocks, esp. below water 岩礁(尤指水下暗礁) 4 Mining  a stratum of metal-bearing rock 【采矿学】矿脉 □ ledged  adj.  □ ledgy  adj.   [perhaps from Middle English legge LAY1]

ledger /ˈledʒə/ n.  1  the principal book containing a record of all the financial transactions of a company etc., classified under the appropriate headings (公司等)分类式总账本 2  a flat gravestone 盖住墓穴的平石板 3  a horizontal timber in scaffolding, parallel to the face of the building (脚手架的)横木 [Middle English, from senses of Dutch ligger and legger (from liggen LIE1, leggen LAY1) and pronunciation of Middle English ligge, legge]

ledger line n. Mus. 【音】  = LEGER LINE 

ledger-tackle n.  a kind of fishing tackle in which a lead weight keeps the bait on the bottom 稳住水底鱼饵的鱼具

lee /li:/ n.  1  shelter given by a neighbouring object 庇护，庇荫  under the lee of  在…庇荫下 2 (in full 全称 lee side)  the sheltered side, the side away from the wind (opp. 反义 WEATHER SIDE) 庇荫面；背风面 [Old English hlēo, from Germanic]

lee-board n.  a plank frame fixed to the side of a flat-bottomed vessel and let down into the water to diminish leeway (固定在平底船的侧面，置于水中的)减横漂板，下风板

leech1 /li:tʃ/ n.  1  any aquatic or terrestrial annelid worm of the class Hirudinea with suckers at both ends, esp. Hirudo medicinalis, a bloodsucking parasite of vertebrates formerly much used medically 水蛭，蚂蟥(尤指欧洲医蛭) 2  a person who extorts profit from or sponges on others 重利盘剥者；吸血鬼 □ like a leech   persistently or clingingly present 缠住不放；坚持不懈 [Old English lœˉce, assimilated to LEECH2]

leech2 /li:tʃ/ n. archaic or joc.  a physician; a healer [古义] [诙]医生；治病者 [Old English lœˉce, from Germanic]

leech3 /li:tʃ/ n.  1  a perpendicular or sloping side of a square sail 方帆的纵缘(或斜缘) 2  the side of a fore-and-aft sail away from the mast or stay 纵帆的后缘 [Middle English, perhaps related to Old Norse lik, a nautical term of uncertain meaning]

leechcraft /ˈli:tʃkrɑ:ft/ n. archaic  the art of healing [古义]医术 [Old English lœˉcecrœft (as LEECH2, CRAFT)]

Leeds /li:dz/ n.  利兹 [英国城市]

leek /li:k/ n.  1  an allium, Allium porrum, with flat overlapping leaves forming an elongated cylindrical bulb, used as food 韭葱 2  this as a Welsh national emblem (英国)威尔士徽号 [Old English lēac, from Germanic]

leer1 /liə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  look slyly or lasciviously or maliciously 投以狡猾(色迷迷或恶意)的一瞥 ●n.  a leering look 狡猾(色迷迷或恶意)的目光 □ leeringly  adv.   [perhaps from obsolete leer ‘cheek’ from Old English hlēor, as though ‘to glance over one's cheek’]

leer2 var.  of LEHR  LEHR 的变体

leery /ˈliəri/ adj. (leerier, leeriest) slang [俚语]  1  knowing, sly 机警的；狡猾的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  wary 有戒心的，警惕的 □ leeriness  n.   [perhaps from obsolete leer ‘looking askance’, from LEER1 + -Y1]

lees /li:z/ n. pl.  1  the sediment of wine etc. (酒等的)沉淀物  drink to the lees  喝完 2  dregs, refuse 渣滓，残渣 [pl. of Middle English lie, from Old French lie via medieval Latin lia from Gaulish]

lee shore n.  the shore to leeward of a ship 背风岸，下风岸

lee side  see 见 LEE 2 

leet1 /li:t/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1 (in full 全称 Court leet)  a yearly or half-yearly court of record that lords of certain manors might hold 领地刑事法庭(一年或半年开庭一次) 2  its jurisdiction or district 领地刑事法庭的管辖权限(或管辖区) [Middle English from Anglo-French lete (= Anglo-Latin leta), of unknown origin]

leet2 /li:t/ n. Sc.  a selected list of candidates for some office [苏格兰] (经挑选的)候选人名单 [Middle English lite etc., probably from Anglo-French & Old French lit(t)e, variant of liste LIST1]

leeward /ˈli:wəd, ˈlu:əd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  on or towards the side sheltered from the wind (opp. 反义 WINDWARD) 背风的(地)，下风的(地) ●n.  the leeward region, side, or direction 背风区，下风，下风方向  to leeward  向背风面 on the leeward of  在…的下风

leewardly /ˈli:wədli, ˈlu:ədli/ adj. (of a ship) apt to drift to leeward (船)易于向下风漂移的

leeway /ˈli:wei/ n.  1  the sideways drift of a ship to leeward of the desired course 横向朝下风漂移 2  a  allowable deviation or freedom of action (行为的)容许偏差，余地b  margin of safety 安全裕度 □ make up leeway   struggle out of a bad position, recover lost time, etc. 挣脱不利处境(挽回损失时间等)

left1 /left/ adj., adv. & n. (opp. 反义 RIGHT) ●adj.  1  on or towards the side of the human body which is to the west when facing north 左面的，左边的，左侧的(人朝北时西面的方位) 2  on or towards the part of an object which is analogous to a person's left side or (with opposite sense) which is nearer to a spectator's left hand (物体的)左方的，左的(似人左边)，(相反概念)左部的(接近观察者的左边) 3 (also 亦作 Left) Polit.  of the Left 【政】左派的，左翼的 ●adv.  on or to the left side 在左边，向左边 ●n.  1  the left-hand part or region or direction 左边，左侧，左方 2 Boxing 【拳击】  a  the left hand 左手b  a blow with this (击出的)左拳 3  a (often 常作 Left) Polit.  the left wing of a party or other group, or the supporters of socialism in general (originally the more radical section of a continental legislature, seated on the president's left) 【政】左翼，左派(原为欧洲大陆议会的左派，因其座位设在议长的左侧而得名)b  the more advanced or innovative section of any group 左派团体(组织) 4  the side of a stage which is to the left of a person facing the audience 舞台左侧(面对观众的人的左边) 5 (esp. in marching) the left foot (尤指行军时)左脚 6  the left wing of an army 左翼军 □ have two left feet   be clumsy 笨手笨脚□ left and right (or left, right, and centre)   =right and left □ marry with the left hand   marry morganatically (see 见 LEFT-HANDED 7) 贵族和地位低下的女子联姻□ leftish  adj.   [original sense ‘weak’: Middle English lüft, lift, left, from Old English]

left2 past and past part.  of LEAVE1 

left-back n. (in football, hockey, etc.) a back who plays primarily on the left of the pitch (足球赛、曲棍球赛等的)左后卫

left bank n.  the bank of a river on the left facing downstream 左岸(面朝下游时的左方位)

left bower  see 见 BOWER3 

left field n. Baseball  the part of the outfield to the left of the batter as he or she faces the pitcher 【棒球】左外场(击球手面对投球手时的左侧)

left-footed adj.  1  using the left foot by preference as more serviceable than the right 惯用左脚的，左撇子的 2 (of a kick etc.) done or made with the left foot (踢球等动作)左脚完成的

left hand n.  1  the hand of the left side 左手 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 at, on, to)  the region or direction on the left side of a person 左侧，左方

left-hand adj.  1  on or towards the left side of a person or thing 左边的，向左边的  left-hand drive  左座驾驶 2  done with the left hand 左手操作的，左手完成的  left-hand blow  打左拳 3  a (of rope) twisted counter-clockwise (绳)向逆时针方向绕的b (of a screw) = LEFT-HANDED 4c (螺钉)

left-handed adj.  1  using the left hand by preference as more serviceable than the right 左撇子的 2 (of a tool etc.) made to be used with the left hand (工具等制成)便于左手操作的 3 (of a blow etc.) done or made with the left hand (攻击等)用左手完成的 4  a  turning to the left; towards the left 向左转的；向左边的b (of a racecourse) turning anticlockwise (比赛跑道)逆时针拐弯的，左拐的c (of a screw) advanced by turning to the left (anticlockwise) (指螺钉)向左旋转的(逆时针方向) 5  awkward, clumsy 尴尬的；笨手笨脚的 6  a (of a compliment) ambiguous (赞语)暧昧的；含糊的b  of doubtful sincerity or validity 不诚恳的，假心假意的 7 (of a marriage) morganatic (from a German custom by which the bridegroom gave the bride his left hand in such marriages) (婚姻)贵族与门第低的女子联姻的(来自德国风俗，在这种婚礼中新郎把左手伸给新娘) □ left-handedly  adv.  □ left-handedness  n.  

left-hander n.  1  a left-handed person 左撇子 2  a left-handed blow 左手拳

leftie var.  of LEFTY  LEFTY 的变体

leftism /ˈleftiz(ə)m/ n. Polit.  the principles or policy of the left 【政】左派的原则(方针、政策) □ leftist  n. & adj.  

left luggage n. Brit. [英]  1  luggage deposited for later retrieval 寄存的行李 2 (in full 全称 left-luggage office)  a place, esp. at a railway station, where such luggage may be left for a small charge (尤指火车站的)行李存放处

leftmost /ˈleftməʊst/ adj.  furthest to the left 最左边的

leftover /ˈleftəʊvə/ n. & adj. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an item (esp. of food) remaining after the rest has been used 残余物，残留物(尤指残羹剩饭) ●adj.  remaining over, surplus 残留的，剩余的

left turn n.  a turn that brings one's front to face as one's left side did before 向左转；左转，左拐弯

leftward /ˈleftwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 leftwards /-wədz/)  towards the left 向左地 ●adj.  going towards or facing the left 向左去的；面向左的

left wing n.  1  the radical or left-wing section of a political party or system (党派中的)激进派，左翼 2  the left side of a football etc. team on the field (足球队等在球场上的)左翼，左边锋 3  the left side of an army 左军，左翼军 □ left-winger  n.  

left-wing adj.  1  radical; (the members) of a group that favour great political changes 激进的，左翼的，左派的 2  of or relating to the left wing in football etc. (足球等比赛中的有关)左翼的；左边锋的

lefty /ˈlefti/ n. (also 亦作 leftie) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1 Polit.  a left-winger 【政】左翼(派)分子 2  a left-handed person 左撇子

leg /leɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  each of the limbs on which a person or animal walks and stands (人或动物用来行走和站立的)腿b  the part of this from the hip to the ankle 从臀部到脚踝的部位 2  a leg of an animal or bird as food (供食用的)禽兽腿 3  an artificial leg 假肢  wooden leg  木假肢 4  a part of a garment covering a leg or part of a leg 裤腿 5  a  a support of a chair, table, bed, etc. (椅子、桌子、床等的)家具腿b  a long thin support or prop, esp. a pole 细长的支撑物，支柱(尤指杆子) 6 (in full 全称 leg side) Cricket  the half of the field (as divided lengthways through the pitch) away from which the batsman's feet are pointed (opp. 反义 OFF n. 1) 【板球】(纵向划分) (右手击球员的)左外场 7  a  a section of a journey (旅途的)一段行程b  a section of a relay race (接力赛的)一段赛程c  a stage in a competition (比赛的)一个阶段d  one of two or more games constituting a round (多项或多次比赛中的)一项，一场(一轮、一局等)e  a single game in darts (投镖游戏中的)一盘 8  one branch of a forked object (叉形物的)一支 9 Naut.  a run made on a single tack 【海】(帆船的)一段抢风航程 10 archaic  an obeisance made by drawing back one leg and bending it while keeping the front leg straight [古义]屈膝礼 ●v. tr. (legged, legging)  propel (a boat) through a canal tunnel by pushing with one's legs against the tunnel sides 用腿蹬隧道壁使(船)通过运河隧道 □ feel (or find) one's legs   become able to stand or walk 开始能站立(行走)□ have the legs of   be able to go further than 能比…跑得远□ have no legs  colloq. (of a golf ball etc.) have not enough momentum to reach the desired point [口] (高尔夫球等)球(动能不足)未达到理想地点□ keep one's legs   not fall 立住，没有跌倒□ leg it  colloq.  walk or run fast [口]走得很快，跑得很快□ not have a leg to stand on   be unable to support one's argument by facts or sound reasons 没有足够的证据和很好的理由，论点站不住脚□ on one's last legs   near death or the end of one's usefulness etc. 奄奄一息，弥留之际(临近结束等)□ on one's legs  Brit. [英]  1 (also 亦作 on one's hind legs)  standing esp. to make a speech 站着(尤指作演讲) 2  well enough to walk about 病愈后能下床走动□ take to one's legs   run away 逃跑□ legged  /leɡd, ˈleɡid/ adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old Norse leggr, from Germanic]

legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a gift left in a will 遗赠财产，遗赠物 2  something handed down by a predecessor 祖传的东西，遗产  legacy of corruption  腐败的祸害 [Middle English via Old French legacie ‘legateship’ and medieval Latin legatia from Latin legare ‘bequeath’]

legacy-hunter n.  a person who curries favour with old and rich people in the hope of securing a legacy 遗产追逐者(巴结年老的富人希望获得遗产)

legal /ˈli:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or based on law; concerned with law; falling within the province of law 法律的，法律上的；与法律相关的；属法律范围的 2  appointed or required by law 法定的；法律所需要的 3  permitted by law, lawful 法律许可的，合法的 4  recognized by law, as distinct from equity 法律认可的(有别于衡平法的) 5 Theol. 【神】  a  of the Mosaic Law 摩西律法的b  of salvation by works rather than by faith 善行拯救说的(非信仰拯救说的) □ legally  adv.   [French légal or Latin legalis from lex legis ‘law’: cf. LEAL, LOYAL]

legal aid n. Brit.  payment from public funds allowed, in cases of need, to help pay for legal advice or proceedings [英]法律援助(在需要的情况下，由公共基金提供法律咨询或诉讼费用)

legalese /li:ɡəˈli:z/ n. colloq.  the technical language of legal documents [口]法律用语

legal fiction n.  an assertion accepted as true (though probably fictitious) to achieve a useful purpose, esp. in legal matters (尤指法律事务中的)法律拟制(虽然有可能是虚构的)

legal holiday n. US  a public holiday established by law [美]法定节假日

legalism /ˈli:ɡ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  excessive adherence to law or formula 墨守法规；条文主义 2 Theol. 【神】  a  adherence to the Mosaic Law rather than to the Gospel 信奉摩西律法(不信福音)b  the doctrine of justification by works 善行拯救说 □ legalist  n.  □ legalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ legalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

legality /li:ˈɡæliti, li-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  lawfulness 合法性 2  legalism 墨守法规 3 (in pl. 用复数)  obligations imposed by law 法律上的义务 [French légalité or medieval Latin legalitas (as LEGAL)]

legalize /ˈli:ɡ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make lawful 使合法化 2  bring into harmony with the law 使与法律一致 □ legalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

legal proceedings  see 见 PROCEEDING 2 

legal separation  see 见 SEPARATION 2 

legal tender n.  currency that cannot legally be refused in payment of a debt (usu. up to a limited amount for coins not made of gold) 法定货币(用来还债，债主不可拒之，通常限于一定数量的非金质硬币)

legate /ˈleɡət/ n.  1  a member of the clergy representing the Pope 罗马教皇使节 2 Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  a  a deputy of a general 副将b  a governor or deputy governor of a province (副)总督，(副)州(省)长 3 archaic  an ambassador or delegate [古义]大使；代表 □ legateship  n.  □ legatine  /-tin/ adj.   [Old English via Old French legat from Latin legatus, past part. of legare ‘depute, delegate’]

legate a latere /ˈleɡət ɑ: ˈlætərei, -ri/ n.  a papal legate of the highest class, with full powers 最高等级的教皇使节(拥有全权) [Latin latere = by a third party]

legatee /leɡəˈti:/ n.  the recipient of a legacy 遗产继承者 [as LEGATOR + -EE]

legation /liˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a body of deputies 代表团，使团 2  a  the office and staff of a diplomatic minister (esp. when not having ambassadorial rank) (尤指没有大使级别的)公使馆；公使馆全体人员b  the official residence of a diplomatic minister 公使官邸 3  a legateship 公使职，使节职 4  the sending of a legate or deputy 使节(或代表)的派遣 [Middle English from Old French legation or Latin legatio (as LEGATE)]

legato /liˈɡɑ:təʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a smooth flowing manner, without breaks between notes (cf. 参见 STACCATO, TENUTO) 连奏(地)；连奏(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a legato style of performance 连奏 2  a legato passage 连奏乐段 [Italian, = bound, past part. of legare from Latin ligare ‘bind’]

legator /liˈɡeitə/ n.  the giver of a legacy 遗赠人 [archaic legate ‘bequeath’ from Latin legare (as LEGACY)]

leg before adj., adv. & n. (in full 全称 leg before wicket) Cricket 【板球】  ●adj. & adv. (of a batsman) out because of illegally obstructing the ball with a part of the body (击球员)碰球出局 ●n.  such a dismissal (abbr. 缩略 : l.b.w.) 罚出局

leg-break n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a ball which deviates from the leg side after bouncing 右侧击地反弹球 2  such deviation 反弹球的偏移

leg-bye n.  a run scored from a ball that touches the batsman (球碰到击球队员)得分

leg-cutter n. Cricket  a fast leg-break 【板球】快速右侧击地旋转球

legend /ˈledʒ(ə)nd/ n.  1  a  a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated; a myth 传说，传奇，神话b  such stories collectively (总称)民间传说，民间故事c  a popular but unfounded belief 普遍但又无根据的信念d colloq.  a person about whom unauthenticated tales are told; a famous or notorious person [口]传奇式的人物；名人，伟人；臭名昭著的人物  became a legend in his own lifetime  他在那个时代已成为传奇式的人物 2  a  an inscription, esp. on a coin or medal 铭文(尤指硬币、奖牌、纪念章上镌刻的文字)b Printing  a caption 【印刷】(图片的)说明文字c  wording on a map etc. explaining the symbols used (地图等上的)图例 3 hist. [史义]  a  the story of a saint's life 圣贤故事；伟人传b  a collection of lives of saints or similar stories 圣贤集 □ legendry  n.   [Middle English (in sense 3) via Old French legende from medieval Latin legenda ‘what is to be read’, neut. pl. gerundive of Latin legere ‘read’]

legendary /ˈledʒ(ə)nd(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or connected with legends 传说(中)的，与传说(中)有关的 2  described in or based on a legend 传奇中描述的；以传说故事为基础的 3 colloq.  remarkable enough to be a subject of legend [口]传奇式的，传奇般的 □ legendarily  adv.   [medieval Latin legendarius (as LEGEND)]

legerdemain /ledʒədiˈmein/ n.  1  sleight of hand; conjuring or juggling 巧妙的手法；戏法，杂耍 2  trickery, sophistry 花招，诡辩 [Middle English from French léger de main ‘light of hand, dexterous’]

leger line /ˈledʒə/ n. Mus.  a short line added for notes above or below the range of a staff 【音】加线(加于五线谱上方或下方的短线) [variant of LEDGER]

legging /ˈleɡiŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  close-fitting stretch trousers for women or children (女人或小孩穿的)紧身弹力裤 2  a stout protective outer covering for the leg from the knee to the ankle 绑腿

leggy /ˈleɡi/ adj. (leggier, leggiest)  1  a  long-legged 腿瘦长的b (of a woman) having attractively long legs (女人)腿修长匀称的 2  long-stemmed 茎细长的 □ legginess  n.  

leghorn /leˈɡɔ:n, ˈleɡhɔ:n/ n.  1  a  fine plaited straw (意大利)麦秆缏b  a hat of this (意大利)麦缏草帽 2 (作 Leghorn)  a  a bird of a small hardy breed of domestic fowl 来航鸡(禽)b  this breed 来航鸡种 [Italian Leghorno, now Livorno, a port in Italy, from where the straw and fowls were imported]

legible /ˈledʒib(ə)l/ adj. (of handwriting, print, etc.) clear enough to read; readable (书写、印刷等)字迹清楚的；易读的 □ legibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ legibly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin legibilis, from legere ‘read’]

legion /ˈli:dʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a division of 3,000 － 6,000 men, including a complement of cavalry, in the ancient Roman army 古罗马军团 (3,000 至 6,000 步兵，其中包括额定的骑兵) 2  a large organized body 大部队；大团体 3  a vast host, multitude, or number 众多，大批，大量 ●predic. adj.  great in number 大量的  his good works have been legion  他的佳作极多 [Middle English via Old French from Latin legio -onis, from legere ‘choose’]

legionary /ˈli:dʒ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a legion or legions 军团的，部队的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a member of a legion 军团中的一员(士兵) [Latin legionarius (as LEGION)]

legioned /ˈli:dʒ(ə)nd/ adj. poet.  arrayed in legions [诗]排列成军团的

legionella /li:dʒəˈnelə/ n.  the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, which causes legionnaires' disease 退伍军人协会会员病，军团病

legionnaire /li:dʒəˈnɛə/ n.  1  a member of a foreign legion 外籍军团成员 2  a member of the American Legion or the Royal British Legion 美国军团成员；英国皇家军团成员 [French légionnaire (as LEGION)]

legionnaires' disease n.  a form of bacterial pneumonia first identified after an outbreak at an American Legion meeting in 1976 and spread esp. by water droplets through air-conditioning systems etc. (cf. 参见 LEGIONELLA) 军团病(此病是在 1976 年美国退伍军人大会期间首次确诊，尤通过空调系统等的水滴传播)

Legion of Honour n.  a French order of distinction founded in 1802 法国的荣誉勋位(设立于 1802 年) [French Légion d'honneur]

leg-iron n.  a shackle or fetter for the leg 脚镣

legislate /ˈledʒisleit/ v. intr.  1  make laws 制定法律 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  make provision by law 通过法律立法 [back-formation from LEGISLATION]

legislation /ledʒisˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of making laws 法律的制定，立法 2  laws collectively (总称)法律 [Late Latin legis latio, from lex legis ‘law’ + latio ‘proposing’ from lat-, past part. stem of ferre ‘bring’]

legislative /ˈledʒislətiv/ adj.  of or empowered to make legislation 立法的；有立法权的 □ legislatively  adv.  

legislator /ˈledʒisleitə/ n.  1  a member of a legislative body 立法机构成员 2  a lawgiver 立法者 [Latin (as LEGISLATION)]

legislature /ˈledʒisleitʃə, -lətʃə/ n.  the legislative body of a state 立法机构

legit /liˈdʒit/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  legitimate 合法的，正当的 ●n.  1  legitimate drama 正统剧(舞台剧、话剧) 2  an actor in legitimate drama 正统剧(舞台剧、话剧)演员 [abbreviation]

legitimate adj. & v. ●adj. /liˈdʒitimət/  1  a (of a child) born of parents lawfully married to each other (小孩)合法夫妻所生的，合法婚姻所生的b (of a parent, birth, descent, etc.) with, of, through, etc., a legitimate child (双亲、出身、后裔等)嫡亲的，嫡出的，正统血统的 2  lawful, proper, regular, conforming to the standard type 合法的，正当的，正常的，合乎常规的 3  logically admissible 合乎逻辑的 4  a (of a sovereign's title) based on strict hereditary right (帝王称号)基于正统继承权的b (of a sovereign) having a legitimate title (帝王)具有正统称号的 5  constituting or relating to serious drama as distinct from musical comedy, revue, etc. (有关)正统剧(舞台剧、话剧)的(有别于歌舞喜剧、时事讽刺剧等) ●v. tr. /liˈdʒitimeit/  1  make legitimate by decree, enactment, or proof (通过法令、法规、证据)使…合法 2  justify, serve as a justification for 证明…为正当的(合理的)；给予…合理(合法)的地位 □ legitimacy  /-məsi/ n.  □ legitimately  /-mətli/ adv.  □ legitimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin legitimare from Latin legitimus ‘lawful’, from lex legis ‘law’]

legitimatize /liˈdʒitimətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  legitimize 使…合法；给予…合理(合法)的地位 □ legitimatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

legitimism /liˈdʒitimiz(ə)m/ n.  adherence to a sovereign or pretender whose claim is based on direct descent (esp. in French and Spanish history) (尤指法国和西班牙历史上的)正统主义 □ legitimist  n. & adj.   [French légitimisme from légitime LEGITIMATE]

legitimize /liˈdʒitimaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make legitimate 使…合法 2  serve as a justification for 证明…为正当的(合理的)；给予…合理(合法)的地位 □ legitimization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

legless /ˈleɡlis/ adj.  1  having no legs 无腿的 2 Brit. slang  drunk, esp. too drunk to stand [英] [俚语]烂醉如泥的(尤指醉得东倒西歪)

legman /ˈleɡmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a person employed to go about gathering news or running errands etc. 跑腿者，外勤；(受雇采集新闻或跑差的人)

Lego /ˈleɡəʊ/ n. propr.  a construction toy consisting of interlocking plastic building blocks [商标] (塑料的)建筑插块玩具 [Danish leg godt ‘play well’ from lege ‘to play’]

leg-of-mutton sail n.  a triangular mainsail 三角形主帆

leg-of-mutton sleeve n.  a sleeve which is full and loose on the upper arm but close-fitting on the forearm 羊腿状的袖(上臂部宽松，前臂部瘦小)

leg-pull n. colloq.  a hoax [口]戏弄，愚弄 □ leg-pulling  n.  

leg-rest n.  a support for a seated invalid's leg 搁腿凳

legroom /ˈleɡru:m, -rʊm/ n.  space for the legs of a seated person (座位下)伸脚空间

leg-show n. colloq.  a theatrical performance by scantily-dressed women [口] (女子表演时穿戴极少的)大腿戏

leg side  see 见 LEG n. 6 

leg slip n. Cricket  a fielder stationed for a ball glancing off the bat to the leg side behind the wicket 【板球】左外场守场员

leg spin n. Cricket  a type of spin which causes the ball to deviate from the leg side after bouncing 【板球】(球弹起后)向左外场旋转

leg-spinner n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a ball bowled with a leg spin 左旋球 2  a leg spin bowler 左旋球投球手

leg stump n. Cricket  the stump on the leg side 【板球】三门柱右(左)柱

leg theory n. Cricket  bowling to leg with fielders massed on that side 【板球】(攻方的)左侧进攻术(投向球员集结的左场)

leg trap n. Cricket  a group of fielders near the wicket on the leg side 【板球】(一组站在左外场)近守门员的守场员

legume /ˈleɡju:m/ n.  1  the seed pod of a leguminous plant (豆科植物的)豆荚 2  any seed, pod, or other edible part of a leguminous plant used as food (用作食品的豆科类植物的)荚果(豆荚或其他可食用部位) [French légume from Latin legumen -minis, from legere ‘pick’, because pickable by hand]

leguminous /liˈɡju:minəs/ adj.  of or relating to the family Leguminosae of plants, including peas and beans, having seeds in pods and usu. root nodules containing symbiotic bacteria able to fix nitrogen 豆科植物的；有关豆科植物的(通常根瘤可固氮) [modern Latin leguminosus (as LEGUME)]

leg-up n.  1  help to mount a horse etc. (上马等)相扶 2  help to overcome a difficulty; a boost 帮助，援助

leg warmer n.  either of a pair of tubular knitted garments covering the leg from ankle to thigh 暖腿套，护腿套

legwork /ˈleɡwɜ:k/ n.  work which involves a lot of walking, travelling, or physical activity 外勤；跑腿活儿

lehr /liə/ n. (also 亦作 leer)  a furnace used for the annealing of glass 玻璃退火炉 [17th c.: origin unknown]

lei1 /lei, ˈleii/ n.  a Polynesian garland of flowers (夏威夷)波利尼西亚花花环(或花冠) [Hawaiian]

lei2 pl.  of LEU  

Leibnizian /laibˈnitsiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the philosophy of G. W. Leibniz, German philosopher (d. 1716), esp. regarding matter as a multitude of monads and assuming a pre-established harmony between spirit and matter (德国哲学家，死于 1716 年)莱布尼茨的，(有关)莱布尼茨哲学的(尤指物质由众多单子组成，假设精神和物质之间原已和谐共存) ●n.  a follower of this philosophy 莱布尼茨哲学的追随者

Leicester /ˈlestə/ n. (in full 全称 Red Leicester)  a kind of mild firm cheese, usu. orange-coloured and originally made in Leicestershire 莱斯特干酪(通常橘黄色，原产于英国莱斯特郡)

Leics. abbr.  Leicestershire [缩略]莱斯特郡

Leipzig /ˈlaipsig/ n.  莱比锡 [德国城市]

leishmaniasis /li:ʃməˈnaiəsis/ n.  any of several diseases caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the bite of sandflies 利什曼病(由白蛉叮咬引起利什曼原虫侵入人体而得的病) [named after W. B. Leishman, British physician d. 1926]

leister /ˈli:stə/ n. & v. ●n.  a pronged salmon-spear 鱼叉 ●v. tr.  pierce with a leister 叉(鱼) [Old Norse ljóstr from ljósta ‘to strike’]

leisure /ˈleʒə/ n.  1  free time; time at one's own disposal 空闲；自由支配的时间 2  enjoyment of free time 安逸自得 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  opportunity afforded by free time 空闲的机会 □ at leisure   1  not occupied 有空闲时间的，闲着的 2  in an unhurried manner 从从容容地□ at one's leisure   when one has time 有空时，方便时□ leisureless  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French leisour, Old French leisir, ultimately from Latin licēre ‘be allowed’]

leisure centre n.  a large public building with sports facilities, bars, etc. (带体育设施、酒吧等的)休闲中心，业余活动中心

leisured /ˈleʒəd/ adj.  having ample leisure 悠闲的，空闲的

leisurely /ˈleʒəli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  having leisure; acting or done at leisure; unhurried, relaxed 有闲暇时间的；从容的，不慌不忙的，放松的 ●adv.  without hurry 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地 □ leisureliness  n.  

leisurewear /ˈleʒəwɛə/ n.  informal clothes, especially tracksuits and other sportswear 便服(尤指田径服和其他运动服)

leitmotif /ˈlaitməʊti:f/ n. (also 亦作 leitmotiv)  a recurrent theme associated throughout a musical, literary, etc. composition with a particular person, idea, or situation (贯穿音乐、文学等的)主导旋律，主导主题，中心思想 [German Leitmotiv (as LEAD1, MOTIVE)]

lek1 /lek/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Albania 列克(阿尔巴尼亚货币单位) [Albanian]

lek2 /lek/ n.  a patch of ground used by groups of certain birds (esp. black grouse) during the breeding season as a setting for the males' display and their meeting with the females 某些鸟类(尤指黑琴鸟)的求偶场(繁殖期雄鸟炫耀求偶的环境) [perhaps from Swedish leka ‘to play’]

LEM abbr.  lunar excursion module [缩略]登月舱

leman /ˈlemən, ˈli:-/ n. (pl. lemans) archaic [古义]  1  a lover or sweetheart 爱人；恋人 2  an illicit lover, esp. a mistress 婚外恋者(尤指情妇) [Middle English leofman (as LIEF, MAN)]

lemma /ˈlemə/ n.  1  an assumed or demonstrated proposition used in an argument or proof (争论或论证中的)论点 2  a  a heading indicating the subject or argument of a literary composition, a dictionary entry, etc. (文章主题或论点的)标题；词典的词目(条目等)b (pl. lemmata /-mətə/)  a heading indicating the subject or argument of an annotation (注释的)题头 3  a motto appended to a picture etc. (画等的)题词 [Latin from Greek lēmma -matos ‘thing assumed’, from the root of lambanō ‘take’]

lemme /ˈlemi/ colloq.  let me [口]让我来… [corruption]

lemming /ˈlemiŋ/ n.  1  any small vole-like Arctic rodent of the genus Lemmus and related genera, including L. lemmus of Norway which is noted for mass migrations during which it attempts to cross large bodies of water 旅鼠(旅鼠属，包括挪威旅鼠属啮齿动物，其体小状似田鼠，产于北极，并以定期跨越大面积水域的群体迁徙而闻名) 2  a person who unthinkingly joins a mass movement, esp. a headlong rush to destruction 糊里糊涂参加到(尤指破坏性的)群众运动中去的人 [Norwegian]

lemon /ˈlemən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a pale yellow thick-skinned oval citrus fruit with acidic juice 柠檬(淡黄色、厚皮、橢圆形柑桔类水果，汁酸)b (in full 全称 lemon tree)  a tree of the species Citrus limon which produces this fruit 柠檬树 2  a pale yellow colour 淡黄色，柠檬色 3 colloq.  a person or thing regarded as feeble or unsatisfactory or disappointing [口]无价值的东西；成为累赘的东西；令人讨厌的事；令人失望的人 ●adj.  of or resembling the colour, flavour, or fragrance of a lemon; pale yellow (似)柠檬色的；(似)柠檬味的；(似)柠檬香的；(似)淡黄色的 □ lemony  adj.   [Middle English via Old French limon from Arabic līma: cf. LIME2]

lemonade /leməˈneid/ n.  1  an effervescent or still drink made from lemon juice 柠檬(汽)水 2  a synthetic substitute for this 合成柠檬(汽)水

lemon balm n.  a bushy plant, Melissa officinalis, with leaves smelling and tasting of lemon 蜜蜂花(灌木，叶有柠檬味和柠檬香)

lemon curd n. (also Brit. [亦英] lemon cheese)  a conserve made from lemons, butter, eggs, and sugar, with the consistency of cream cheese 柠檬酪(由柠檬、黄油、鸡蛋和糖加上一定稠度的奶酪制成)

lemon drop n.  a boiled sweet flavoured with lemon 柠檬糖

lemon geranium n.  a lemon-scented pelargonium, Pelargonium crispum (带柠檬香的)皱叶天竺葵

lemon grass n.  any fragrant tropical grass of the genus Cymbopogon, yielding an oil smelling of lemon 香茅属草木植物；(从中可提取柠檬草油的)柠檬草

lemon plant n  = LEMON VERBENA 

lemon sole n.  a flatfish, Microstomus kitt, of the plaice family 小头油鲽 [French limande]

lemon squash n. Brit.  a soft drink made from lemons, sugar, and other ingredients, often sold in concentrated form [英]柠檬汁(一般为浓缩型)

lemon-squeezer n.  a device for extracting the juice from a lemon 柠檬榨汁器

lemon thyme n.  a herb, Thymus citriodorus, with lemon-scented leaves 野百里香(叶有柠檬香味)

lemon verbena n.  a shrub, Aloysia triphylla, with lemon-scented leaves 马鞭草(灌木，叶有柠檬香味)

lemon yellow n. & adj. ●n.  a pale yellow colour 柠檬黄，淡黄色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 淡黄色的

lempira /lemˈpiərə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Honduras, equal to 100 centavos 伦皮拉(洪都拉斯货币单位) [named after Lempira, 16th-c. chieftain who opposed the Spanish conquest of Honduras]

lemur /ˈli:mə/ n.  any arboreal primate of the family Lemuridae native to Madagascar, with a pointed snout and long tail 狐猴(灵长目狐猴属树栖动物，口鼻部尖，尾长，原产马达加斯加) [modern Latin from Latin lemures (pl.) ‘spirits of the dead’, from its spectre-like face]

Len /len/   莱恩 [人名]

lend /lend/ v. tr. (past and past part. lent /lent/)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  grant (to a person) the use of (a thing) on the understanding that it or its equivalent shall be returned 租借(东西)予(某人) 2  allow the use of (money) at interest 借(钱)予(某人)，贷(款)予(某人) 3  bestow or contribute (something temporary) (临时把某物)给予，提供，增添  lend assistance  提供帮助 lends a certain charm  增添了一些魅力 □ lend an ear (or one's ears)   listen 听□ lend a hand   = give a hand (see 见 HAND) □ lend itself to  (of a thing) be suitable for 使(某物)适合于□ lend oneself to   accommodate oneself to (a policy or purpose) 使(自己)迎合(某政策或目的)□ lendable  adj.  □ lender  n.  □ lending  n.   [Middle English, earlier lēne(n), from Old English lœˉnan from lœˉn LOAN1]

lending library n.  a library from which books may be temporarily taken away with or without direct payment (收费的)租书图书馆(有直接收费的，也有不直接收费的)

Lend-Lease n. hist.  an arrangement made in 1941 whereby the US supplied equipment etc. to the UK and its allies, originally as a loan in return for the use of British-owned military bases [史义]租借法 (1941 年由美国向英国及其盟国提供设备等物资作为借贷，而英国让美国使用其军事基地作为偿还)

length /leŋθ, leŋkθ/ n.  1  measurement or extent from end to end; the greater of two or the greatest of three dimensions of a body 长度，长(区别于宽、高) 2  extent in, of, or with regard to, time (时间的)长短，一段时间；期间  a stay of some length  逗留了一段时间 the length of a speech  发言的长度 3  the distance a thing extends 一物的长度  at arm's length  一臂之遥 ships a cable's length apart  船间相隔一链 4  the length of a swimming pool as a measure of the distance swum 游泳池的长度(作为度量) 5  the length of a horse, boat, etc., as a measure of the lead in a race 马的身长(船的长度等) (比赛中作为领先的度量) 6  a long stretch or extent 长段；大片  a length of hair  头发的长度 7  a degree of thoroughness in action 行动的彻底程度  went to great lengths  不遗余力 prepared to go to any length  准备竭尽全力 8  a piece of material of a certain length 一段；一节  a length of cloth  一段布料 9 Prosody  the quantity of a vowel or syllable 【诗体】元音(或音节)的音量(或音延) 10 Cricket 【板球】  a  the distance from the batsman at which the ball pitches 球投向击球手的距离  the bowler keeps a good length  投球手保持了合适的投球距离b  the proper amount of this 适当的投球距离 11  the extent of a garment in a vertical direction when worn 衣长 12  the full extent of one's body 身体的长度，身高 □ at length   1 (also 亦作 at full or great etc. length)  in detail, without curtailment 详细地，无删节地 2  after a long time, at last 最后，终于 [Old English lengthu from Germanic (as LONG1)]

lengthen /ˈleŋθ(ə)n, -ŋkθ-/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become longer 使延长；变长 2 tr.  make (a vowel) long 使(元音)拖长 □ lengthener  n.  

lengthman /ˈleŋθmən, ˈleŋkθ-/ n. (pl. -men) Brit.  a person employed to maintain a section of railway or road [英]路段养路工

lengthways /ˈleŋθweiz, -ŋkθ-/ adv.  in a direction parallel with a thing's length 纵向地

lengthwise /ˈleŋθwaiz, -ŋkθ-/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  lengthways 纵向地 ●adj.  lying or moving lengthways 纵向的

lengthy /ˈleŋθi, ˈleŋkθi/ adj. (lengthier, lengthiest)  1  of unusual length 过长的 2 (of speech, writing, style, a speaker, etc.) tedious, excessively detailed (演讲、文章、风格、演讲者等)冗长乏味的，啰唆的，过分详尽的 □ lengthily  adv.  □ lengthiness  n.  

lenient /ˈli:niənt/ adj.  1  merciful, tolerant, not disposed to severity 仁慈的，宽容的，厚道的 2 (of punishment etc.) mild (处罚等)温和的 3 archaic  emollient [古义]润泽的 □ lenience  n.  □ leniency  n.  □ leniently  adv.   [Latin lenire lenit- ‘soothe’ from lenis ‘gentle’]

Leninism /ˈleniniz(ə)m/ n.  Marxism as interpreted and applied by Lenin 列宁主义 □ Leninist  n. & adj.  □ Leninite  n. & adj.   [named after V. I. Lenin (name assumed by V. I. Ulyanov), Russian statesman d. 1924]

lenition /liˈniʃ(ə)n/ n. (in Celtic languages) the process or result of articulating a consonant softly (凯尔特语中) (辅音)发音肌肉松弛的 [Latin lenis ‘soft’, suggested by German Lenierung]

lenitive /ˈlenitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj. Med.  soothing 【医】镇痛的 ●n.  1 Med.  a soothing drug or appliance 【医】止痛药(或缓解疼痛医疗器) 2  a palliative 缓和物 [Middle English from medieval Latin lenitivus (as LENIENT)]

lenity /ˈleniti/ n. (pl. -ies) literary [文学用语]  1  mercifulness, gentleness 宽容，仁慈，温和 2  an act of mercy 宽容(仁慈)的行为 [French lénité or Latin lenitas from lenis ‘gentle’]

Lenny /ˈleni/   伦尼 [人名]

leno /ˈli:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an openwork fabric with the warp threads twisted in pairs before weaving 纱罗织物 [French linon from lin ‘flax’, from Latin linum]

lens /lenz/ n.  1  a piece of a transparent substance with one or (usu.) both sides curved for concentrating or dispersing light rays esp. in optical instruments (尤指光学仪器中的)透镜(通常凸镜或凹镜) 2  a combination of lenses used in photography (相机)镜头 3 Anat. 【解】  = CRYSTALLINE LENS  4 Physics  an object or device which focuses or otherwise modifies the direction of movement of light, sound, electrons, etc. 【物理学】(聚集或调节光线、声音或电子等的)聚焦体(器)，调节体(器) 5  = CONTACT LENS  □ lensed  adj.  □ lensless  adj.   [Latin lens lentis ‘lentil’ (from the similarity of shape)]

lensman /ˈlenzmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  = CAMERAMAN 

Lent /lent/ n.  1 Eccl.  the period from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday, of which the 40 weekdays are devoted to fasting and penitence in commemoration of Christ's fasting in the wilderness 【教会】大斋节(圣灰星期三至圣星期六之间的斋戒和忏悔，纪念耶稣荒野禁食) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the boat races held at Cambridge in the Lent term (春季学期)剑桥大学的划船比赛 [Middle English, from LENTEN]

lent past and past part.  of LEND 

-lent /lənt/ suffix  forming adjectives (pestilent 致命的 ; violent 暴力的) (cf. 参见 -ULENT) 构成形容词 [Latin -lentus ‘-ful’]

Lenten /ˈlent(ə)n/ adj.  of, in, or appropriate to, Lent 大斋节的；大斋期的；适合于大斋期的 [originally as noun, = spring, from Old English lencten from Germanic, related to LONG1, perhaps with reference to lengthening of the day in spring: now regarded as adj. from LENT + -EN2]

Lenten fare n.  food without meat 斋食，素食

lenticel /ˈlentisel/ n. Bot.  any of the raised pores in the stems of woody plants that allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues 【植】皮孔 [modern Latin lenticella, diminutive of Latin lens: see LENS]

lenticular /lenˈtikjʊlə/ adj.  1  shaped like a lentil or a biconvex lens 扁豆状的；双凸透镜状的 2  of the lens of the eye (眼睛)晶体的 [Latin lenticularis (as LENTIL)]

lentigo /lenˈtaiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. lentigines /-ˈtidʒini:z/)  1  a condition marked by small brown patches on the skin, esp. in elderly people (皮肤)雀斑，着色斑(尤指老年色斑) 2  such a patch 雀斑，色斑 [Latin, from lens lentis ‘lentil’]

lentil /ˈlent(ə)l/ n.  1  a leguminous plant, Lens culinaris, yielding edible biconvex seeds 滨豆 2  this seed, esp. used as food with the husk removed 滨豆种子(去荚后食用) [Middle English via Old French lentille from Latin lenticula (as LENS)]

Lent lily n. Brit.  a daffodil, esp. a wild one [英] (尤指野生)水仙

lento /ˈlentəʊ/ adj. & adv. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  slow 缓慢的 ●adv.  slowly 缓慢地 [Italian]

lentoid /ˈlentɔid/ adj.  = LENTICULAR 1  [Latin lens (see LENS) + -OID]

Lent term n. Brit.  the term at a university etc. in which Lent falls [英] (大学等的)春季学期(适逢大斋期)

Leo /ˈli:əʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Lion), said to represent the lion slain by Hercules 【天】狮子星座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the fifth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 July 狮子宫(黄道十二宫之五)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于狮子宫时段的人 [Old English from Latin, = LION]

Leonard /ˈlenəd/   伦纳德 [人名]

Leonid /ˈli:ənid/ n.  any of the meteors that seem to radiate from the direction of the constellation Leo 狮子座流星 [Latin leo (see LEO) leonis + -ID3]

Leonine /ˈli:ənain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a pope or emperor named Leo (有关)利奥教皇的；(有关)利奥皇的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  leonine verse 利奥体诗 [the name Leo (as LEONINE)]

leonine /ˈli:ənain/ adj.  1  like a lion 狮子般的 2  of or relating to lions 狮子的，与狮子有关的 3  a (of medieval Latin verse) in hexameter or elegiac metre with internal rhyme (在行内押韵的)六韵步诗的，排律诗的(中世纪拉丁诗体)b (of English verse) with internal rhyme (英语诗体)行内押韵的 [Middle English from Old French leonin -ine or Latin leoninus from leo leonis ‘lion’]

leopard /ˈlepəd/ n. (fem. leopardess /-dis/)  1  a large African or Asian feline mammal, Panthera pardus, with either a black-spotted yellowish-fawn or all-black coat; also called PANTHER 豹，金钱豹；黑豹，美洲豹 2 Heraldry  a lion passant guardant as in the arms of England 【纹章学】狮像 3 (作 attrib.)  spotted like a leopard 豹斑(的)，豹纹(的)  leopard moth  豹蠹蛾 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin from late Greek leopardos (as LION, PARD)]

leopard's bane n.  any plant of the genus Doronicum (daisy family), with large yellow daisy-like flowers 多榔菊属植物(菊科)；豹毒草

leotard /ˈli:ətɑ:d/ n.  a close-fitting one-piece garment, usu. covering the torso and usu. the arms, worn by ballet dancers, acrobats, etc. (芭蕾、杂技等演员穿的)紧身连衣裤(通常整身且带袖) [named after J. Léotard, French trapeze artist d. 1870]

leper /ˈlepə/ n.  1  a person suffering from leprosy 麻风病人 2  a person who is shunned for moral or social reasons (因道德或社会原因)大家躲避的人 [Middle English, probably attributive use of leper ‘leprosy’, from Old French lepre via Latin lepra from Greek, fem. of lepros ‘scaly’, from lepos ‘scale’]

lepidopterous /lepiˈdɒpt(ə)rəs/ adj.  of the insect order Lepidoptera, comprising butterflies and moths, with four scale-covered wings often brightly coloured 鳞翅目的 □ lepidopteran  adj. & n.  □ lepidopterist  n.   [Greek lepis -idos ‘scale’ + pteron ‘wing’]

leporine /ˈlepərain/ adj.  of or like hares 野兔的，似野兔的 [Latin leporinus from lepus -oris ‘hare’]

leprechaun /ˈleprəkɔ:n/ n.  a small mischievous sprite in Irish folklore (爱尔兰民间传说中的)小妖精 [Old Irish luchorpɑˊn, from lu ‘small’ + corp ‘body’]

leprosarium /leprəˈsɛəriəm/ n.  a hospital for people with leprosy 麻风病医院

leprosy /ˈleprəsi/ n.  1  a contagious bacterial disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and nerves, causing disfigurement Also called 亦称作 Hansen's disease 麻风病 2  moral corruption or contagion 道德败坏，不正之风 [LEPROUS + -Y3]

leprous /ˈleprəs/ adj.  1  suffering from leprosy 患有麻风病的 2  like or relating to leprosy 似麻风的，与麻风有关的 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin leprosus from Latin lepra: see LEPER]

lepta pl.  of LEPTON1  

lepto- /ˈleptəʊ/ comb. form  small, narrow [构词成分]小，窄 [Greek leptos ‘fine, small, thin, delicate’]

leptocephalic /ˌleptə(ʊ)siˈfælik/ adj. (also 亦作 leptocephalous /-ˈsef(ə)ləs/)  narrow-skulled 颅骨窄小的

leptodactyl /leptə(ʊ)ˈdæktil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having long slender toes 脚趾细长的 ●n.  a bird having these 脚趾细长的鸟

lepton1 /ˈleptɒn/ n. (pl. lepta /-tə/)  a Greek coin and monetary unit worth one-hundredth of a drachma 雷普顿(希腊旧硬币及货币单位，相当于 1/100 的德拉克马) [Greek lepton (nomisma ‘coin’), neut. of leptos ‘small’]

lepton2 /ˈleptɒn/ n. (pl. leptons) Physics  any of a class of subatomic particles which do not undergo strong interaction, e.g. an electron, muon, or neutrino 【物理学】轻(粒)子(不经历强烈相互反应的亚原子粒子，如电子、介子、中微子) [LEPTO- + -ON]

leptospirosis /ˌleptə(ʊ)spaiˈrəʊsis/ n.  an infectious disease caused by spirochaete bacteria of the genus Leptospira, that occurs in rodents, dogs, and other mammals, and can be transmitted to humans 钩端螺旋体病(可由鼠、狗等传给人的感染性疾病) [LEPTO- + SPIRO-1 + -OSIS]

leptotene /ˈleptə(ʊ)ti:n/ n. Biol.  the first stage of the prophase of meiosis in which each chromosome is apparent as two fine chromatids 【生】(染色体分裂的)细线期(明显可见裂变成两个染色单体) [LEPTO- + Greek tainia ‘band’]

Les /lez/   莱斯 [人名]

lesbian /ˈlezbiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a homosexual woman 女同性恋者 ●adj.  1  of homosexuality in women 女同性恋的 2 (作 Lesbian)  of Lesbos 莱斯博斯岛的 □ lesbianism  n.   [Latin Lesbius from Greek Lesbios from Lesbos, an island in the Aegean Sea, home of the poetess Sappho (see SAPPHIC), from her alleged homosexuality]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at GAY. 见 Gay 的用法说明。 

lese-majesty /li:zˈmædʒisti/ n. (also 亦作 lèse-majesté /leiz ˈmæʒestei/)  1  treason 叛逆罪，背叛君主罪 2  an insult to a sovereign or ruler 犯上，犯上行为；欺君罪 3  presumptuous conduct 专横跋扈，大逆不道 [French lèse-majesté from Latin laesa majestas ‘injured sovereignty’, from laedere laes- ‘injure’ + majestas MAJESTY]

lesion /ˈli:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  damage 损坏，损害 2  injury 损伤 3 Med.  a morbid change in the functioning or texture of an organ etc. 【医】(器官等的)功能(或结构)性病变 [Middle English via Old French from Latin laesio -onis, from laedere laes- ‘injure’]

Lesley /ˈlezli, ˈlesli/   莱斯利 [人名]

Leslie /ˈlezli, ˈlesli/   莱斯利 [人名]

Lesotho   莱索托

less /les/ det., adj., adv., pron. & prep. ●det.  1  smaller in extent, quantity, degree, or duration (opp. 反义 MORE) 更(较)小的，更(较)少的，更(较)短的  of less importance  不太重要的 find less difficulty  发现困难较小 he eats less red meat than before  他吃牛羊肉比以前少了 2 disp.  fewer in number [异议] (数目)更(较)小，更(较)少  eat less biscuits  饼干吃得少了 ●adj. archaic  of lower rank etc. [古义] (地位等)更(较)低的  no less a person than  与…同等地位的人 James the Less  副手詹姆斯 ●adv.  to a smaller extent, in a lower degree 更(较)小地，更(较)少地  uses it less than she used to  她用得比过去少了 goes less frequently than she did  比以往去得少了 a less popular book  一本不太流行的书 regards him less as a colleague than as a friend  把他当作朋友胜过当作同事 ●pron.  1  a smaller amount or quantity 更(较)小量，更(较)少量  cannot take less  不可少拿 for less than £ 10  少于 10 英镑 is little less than disgraceful  有点儿丢脸 2 disp.  fewer [异议]更(较)小数目  I don't have many friends, but he has even less  我的朋友不多，但他的朋友更少 ●prep.  minus 扣除，减去，去掉  made £ 1,000 less tax  除掉税收挣 1000 英镑 □ in less than no time  joc.  very quickly or soon [诙]很快，马上□ less and less   to an extent that is becoming continuously smaller 越来越少□ much (or still) less   with even greater force of denial 更不必说，更何况  do not suspect him of negligence, much less of dishonesty  没有怀疑他失职，更不会去怀疑他的不诚实了 [Old English lœˉssa (adj.), lœˉs (adv.), from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of less as a determiner with countable nouns, as in sense 2, or as a pronoun in sense 2, is regarded as incorrect in formal English, although it is frequent in informal usage. Strictly, less should be used only with uncountable nouns as the comparative of little, e.g. I have little time; she has even less, but I have few books; she has even fewer. less 与可数名词连用作限定词(如限定词中的释义 2) 或作代词(如代词中的释义 2) ，虽然在非正式用法中常可见到，但是作为正式英语这种用法是不正确的。严格地讲， less 作为 little 的比较级，只能与不可数名词连用，如：可以说 I have little time;she has even less (我的时间不多；她的时间更少), 但是又能说 I have few books; she has even fewer (我的书不多；她的书更少)。 

-less /lis/ suffix forming adjectives and adverbs 构成形容词和副词 :  1  from nouns, meaning ‘not having, without, free from’ (doubtless 不怀疑的 ; powerless 无权的) 由名词变化而来，表示“没有”，“无”，“不” 2  from verbs, meaning ‘not affected by or doing the action of the verb’ (fathomless 深不可测的；无法理解的; tireless 不知疲劳的) 由动词变化而来，表示“不”，“无”，“没有”(不受动词动作的影响或不做此动作) □ -lessly  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词□ -lessness  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [Old English -lēas from lēas ‘devoid of’]

lessee /leˈsi:/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a person who holds a property by lease 承租人 □ lesseeship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French lessé, past part. of lesser (as LEASE)]

lessen /ˈles(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become less, diminish 缩小，变少，减少

lesser /ˈlesə/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  not so great as the other or the rest 更(较)小，更(较)少  the lesser evil  较轻的罪恶 the lesser celandine  欧洲毛茛 [double comparative, from LESS + -ER3]

Lesser Bairam n.  an annual Muslim festival at the end of Ramadan 小拜兰节(每年伊斯兰教斋月结束后的节日)

lesser-known adj.  known less well than others of the same kind 懂得较少的(与同类人相比)

lesson /ˈles(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an amount of teaching given at one time 一堂课的内容b  the time assigned to this 一堂课的课时 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; foll. by 后跟 in)  systematic instruction 系统的教学(课程)  gives lessons in dancing  教舞蹈课 took lessons in French  上法语课 3  a thing learnt or to be learnt by a pupil; an assignment 所学的(或要学的)功课；课业，课程 4  a  an occurrence, example, rebuke, or punishment, that serves or should serve to warn or encourage 典范；榜样；训斥；惩戒  let that be a lesson to you  让那事作为你的一次教训吧b  a thing inculcated by experience or study 经验教训 5  a passage from the Bible read aloud during a church service, esp. either of two readings at morning and evening prayer in the Anglican Church (尤英国圣公会在晨祷及晚祷时诵读的)《圣经》选段 ●v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  instruct 教 2  admonish, rebuke 告诫；教训；训斥 □ learn one's lesson   profit from or bear in mind a particular (usu. unpleasant) experience 得到(尤指令人不快的)教训□ teach a person a lesson   punish a person, esp. as a deterrent (尤作为一种威慑)给某人一个教训 [Middle English via Old French leçon from Latin lectio -onis: see LECTION]

lessor /leˈsɔ:, ˈlesɔ:/ n.  a person who lets a property by lease 出租人 [Anglo-French from lesser: see LEASE]

lest /lest/ conj.  1  in order that not, for fear that 为了不使，以免，惟恐  lest he forget  以免他忘记 2  that 相当于连词 that  afraid lest we should be late  恐怕我们要迟到 [Old English thyˉ lœˉs the ‘whereby less that’, later the lœste, Middle English lest(e)]■Usage 用法说明 Lest is followed by the subjunctive or should (see examples above). lest 后跟虚拟语气或 should (见上例)。 

Lester /ˈlestə/   莱斯特 [人名]

let1 /let/ v., v. aux. & n. ●v. (letting; past and past part. let)  1 tr.  a  allow to, not prevent or forbid 允许，让  we let them go  我们让他们走了b  cause to 使得  let me know  告诉我吧 let it be known  使大家知道 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  a  allow to enter 允许…进入b  make acquainted with (a secret etc.) 使了解(秘密等)c  inlay in 把…镶入(嵌入或插入) 3 tr.  grant the use of (rooms, land, etc.) for rent or hire 出租；出借(房间、土地等)  was let to the new tenant for a year  出租给新承租人一年 4 tr.  allow or cause (liquid or air) to escape 让(或使) (液体或气体)流出(释放)  let blood  放血 5 tr.  award (a contract for work) 让人承包(工作合同) ●v. aux.  supplying the first and third persons of the imperative in exhortations (let us pray 让我们祈祷吧), commands  let it be done at once  马上做完 let there be light  点上灯吧, assumptions  let AB be equal to CD  假设 AB 等于 CD, and permission or challenge  let him do his worst  看他怎么作恶吧；让他拿出最凶狠的本领来看看 (引出祈使句的第一和第三人称)表示规劝，建议；表示命令；表示假设；表示同意(或挑战) ●n. Brit.  the act or an instance of letting a house, room, etc. [英]出租房屋(房间等)  a long let  长期出租 □ let alone   1  not to mention, far less or more 更不用说  hasn't got a television, let alone a video  电视还没有呢，更不用说录像了 2  = let be □ let be   not interfere with, attend to, or do 别去打扰，别管，不用去做□ let down   1  lower 放下 2  fail to support or satisfy, disappoint 辜负，使失望，使沮丧 3  lengthen (a garment) 加长，放长(衣服) 4  deflate (a tyre) (放气)使(轮胎)瘪凹□ let down gently   avoid humiliating abruptly 给…留点面子，别让…丢脸□ let drop (or fall)   1  drop (esp. a word or hint) intentionally or by accident 有意无意说出(给出) (尤指话或暗示) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, to) Geom.  draw (a perpendicular) from an outside point to a line 【几】画(垂直线)□ let fly   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  attack physically or verbally 打；骂 2  discharge (a missile) 发射(导弹)□ let go   1  release, set at liberty 放开，释放 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  lose or relinquish one's hold 放开手，松开手b  lose hold of 没抓住 3  cease to think or talk about 不再考虑，不再谈论□ let oneself go   1  give way to enthusiasm, impulse, etc. 使热情(冲动等)放纵，随心所欲 2  cease to take trouble, neglect one's appearance or habits 不费心；变得不修边幅□ let in   1  allow to enter 让…进来  let the dog in  让狗进来 let in a flood of light  让一大片强光照进来 this would let in all sorts of evils  这会让各种罪恶乘虚而入 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  involve (a person, often oneself) in loss or difficulty 使(某人，常是自己)蒙受损失(或陷入困境) 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  allow (a person) to share privileges, information, etc. 让(某人)分享(特权)；让(某人)知晓(消息等) 4  inlay (a thing) in another 把(某物)嵌入(插入)另一物之中□ let oneself in   enter a building by means of a latchkey (用钥匙开锁)进入□ let loose   1  release from captivity or restraint 释放；使自由 2 (also foll. by 亦后跟 with)  emit abruptly (a scream, tirade, etc.) 发出(尖叫)声音；发表(激烈言论等)□ let me see   see 见 SEE1 □ let off   1  a  fire (a gun) 放(枪、炮)b  explode (a bomb or firework) 引爆(炸弹)；放(烟火) 2  allow or cause (steam, liquid, etc.) to escape (使)排放(蒸气、液体等) 3  allow to alight from a vehicle etc. 让…(从车辆等上)下来 4  a  not punish or compel 饶恕；放过b (foll. by 后跟 with)  punish lightly 从轻处理 5 Brit.  let (part of a house etc.) [英]出租(部分房屋等)□ let off steam   see 见 STEAM □ let on  colloq. [口]  1  reveal a secret 泄露秘密 2  pretend 假装  let on that he had succeeded  他假装获得了成功□ let out   1  allow to go out, esp. through a doorway 放走(尤指从门出去) 2  release from restraint 释放，放出 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  reveal (a secret etc.) 泄露(秘密等) 4  make (a garment) looser esp. by adjustment at a seam (尤指调整线缝)放大(衣服) 5  put out to rent esp. to several tenants, or to contract 出租(尤指租给几个客户或订契约出租) 6  exculpate 使开脱□ let rip   see 见 RIP1 □ let slip   see 见 SLIP1 □ let through   allow to pass 准许通过(及格)□ let up  colloq. [口]  1  become less intense or severe 减弱，减轻，缓和 2  relax one's efforts 松劲，放松□ to let   available for rent 待租，出租 [Old English lœˉtan from Germanic: related to LATE]

let2 /let/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in tennis, squash, etc.) an obstruction of a ball or a player in certain ways, requiring the ball to be served again (网球、墙网球等比赛中) (球或球员因某种形式受阻)重新发球 2 archaic [古义] (except in 不包括 without let or hindrance)  obstruction, hindrance 阻碍，障碍 ●v. tr. (letting; past and past part. letted or let) archaic  hinder, obstruct [古义]阻碍，妨碍 [Old English lettan from Germanic: related to LATE]

-let /lit, lət/ suffix  forming nouns, usu. diminutives  flatlet  小套间 leaflet  小叶 or denoting articles of ornament or dress  anklet  脚镯 构成名词，通常表示小的东西 表示小装饰或衣物 [originally corresponding (in bracelet, crosslet, etc.) to French -ette added to nouns ending in -el]

let-down n.  1  a disappointment 失望，沮丧 2  the release of milk from a mammary gland, esp. a cow's udder (尤指母牛的)放奶

lethal /ˈli:θ(ə)l/ adj.  causing or sufficient to cause death 致死的，足以致命的 □ lethality  /liˈθæliti/ n.  □ lethally  adv.   [Latin let(h)alis from letum ‘death’]

lethal chamber n.  a chamber in which animals may be killed painlessly with gas (用毒气的)无痛屠宰场

lethal dose n.  the amount of a toxic compound or drug that causes death in humans, animals, micro-organisms, or cultured cells 致死剂量

lethargy /ˈleθədʒi/ n.  1  lack of energy or vitality; a torpid, inert, or apathetic state 缺乏活力，缺乏生气；迟钝(呆滞、无感情)的状态 2 Med.  morbid drowsiness or prolonged and unnatural sleep 【医】昏睡，嗜睡 □ lethargic  /liˈθɑ:dʒik/ adj.  □ lethargically  /liˈθɑ:dʒik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French litargie and Late Latin lethargia from Greek lēthargia, via lēthargos ‘forgetful’ from lēth-, lanthanomai ‘forget’]

Lethe /ˈli:θi, -i:/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) a river in Hades producing forgetfulness of the past (希腊神话中冥府的)忘河 2  such forgetfulness 忘却 □ Lethean  /li:ˈθi:ən/ adj.   [Latin, use of Greek lēthē ‘forgetfulness’ (as LETHARGY)]

let-off n.  being allowed to escape something 释放，排放

let-out n. Brit. colloq.  an opportunity to escape from an awkward situation etc. [英口]摆脱(困窘等)的机会

let's /lets/ contr.  let us [缩合]让我们  let's go now  我们现在走吧

Lett /let/ n. archaic [古义]  = LATVIANn.  [German Lette from Latvian Latvi]

letter /ˈletə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a character representing one or more of the simple or compound sounds used in speech; any of the alphabetic symbols 文字；字母b (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  the initials of a degree etc. after the holder's name [英口] (代表学位等的)缩略语首字母(用于人名之后)c US  a school or college initial as a mark of proficiency in games etc. [美]学校(学院)的首字母(作为比赛等的水准标志) 2  a  a written, typed, or printed communication, usu. sent by post or messenger (通常邮寄的)信b (in pl. 用复数)  an addressed legal or formal document for any of various purposes 证书，证明信 3  the precise terms of a statement, the strict verbal interpretation (opp. 反义 SPIRIT n. 7) 确切的措辞，字面意义  according to the letter of the law  根据法律的字面意义 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  literature 文学b  acquaintance with books, erudition 文化修养；学识，学问c  authorship 作家身份  the profession of letters  作家的职业，作家生涯 5 Printing 【印刷】  a  types collectively 铅字(总称)b  a font of type 全副铅字 ●v. tr.  1  a  inscribe letters on 在…上刻(题)字b  impress a title etc. on (a book cover) 在(书本封面)上印书名(等) 2  classify with letters 以字母分类，用字母标明 □ to the letter   with adherence to every detail 严格按照文字的意思，不折不扣地□ letterless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French lettre from Latin litera, littera ‘letter of alphabet’, (in pl.) ‘epistle, literature’]

letter bomb n.  a terrorist explosive device in the form of a postal packet 邮件炸弹(恐怖分子邮寄的爆炸物)

letter box n. esp. Brit.  a box or slot into which letters are posted or delivered [尤英]信箱

letter-card n. Brit.  a folded card with a gummed edge for posting as a letter [英] (折叠式)邮简

letter-carrier n. N. Amer.  a postman or postwoman [北美]邮差，邮递员

lettered /ˈletəd/ adj.  well read or educated 有文化的；有学问的

letterhead /ˈletəhed/ n.  1  a printed heading on stationery 信纸抬头(印在信纸上端的姓名、单位名称及地址等) 2  stationery with this 印有抬头的信纸

letter-heading n.  = LETTERHEAD 1 

lettering /ˈlet(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  the process of inscribing letters 题字，刻字，印字 2  letters inscribed 题写的字，刻的字，印的字

letter missive n. (also 亦作 letters missive)  a letter from a sovereign to a dean and chapter nominating a person to be elected bishop (由君主下发的)主教委任状

letter of comfort n.  an assurance about a debt, short of a legal guarantee, given to a bank by a third party (有关债务第三方给银行的不具法律担保作用的)安慰信，支持函

letter of credence n.  a letter of introduction, esp. of an ambassador 介绍信(尤指国书)

letter of credit n.  a letter from a banker authorizing a person to draw money up to a specified amount, usu. from another bank 通常由银行发出，可从另一家银行取款的信用证

letter of marque  see 见 MARQUE2 

letter-perfect adj. Theatr.  knowing one's part perfectly 【戏】熟记台词的，熟悉所演角色的

letterpress /ˈletəpres/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  the contents of an illustrated book other than the illustrations (有插图书籍的)正文，文字部分b  printed matter relating to illustrations 与图片有关的印刷物 2  printing from raised type, not from lithography or other planographic processes 凸版印刷

letter-quality adj.  of the quality of printing suitable for a business letter; producing print of this quality (印刷品)适合业务信函的；印刷业务信函的

letters missive var.  of LETTER MISSIVE  LETTER MISSIVE 的变体

letters of administration n. pl.  authority to administer the estate of an intestate (对未立遗嘱死亡者财产的)遗产管理证明书

letters patent n. pl.  an open document from a sovereign or government conferring a patent or other right (君主或政府授予的)专利证书，特许证书

letter-writer n.  1  a person who writes letters 代写书信为职业的人 2  a book giving guidance on writing letters 尺牍大全，信函指南

Lettic /ˈletik/ adj. & n. archaic [古义] ●adj.  1  = LATVIANadj.  2  of or relating to the Baltic branch of languages 波罗的语支的，与波罗的语有关的 ●n.  = LATVIANn. 2 

letting /ˈletiŋ/ n.  a property that is let or available for letting 出租(或招租)的财产(房屋或土地)

Lettish /ˈletiʃ/ adj. & n. archaic [古义]  = LATVIAN 

lettuce /ˈletis/ n.  1  a plant of the daisy family, Lactuca sativa, with crisp edible leaves used esp. in salads 莴苣(叶脆，可制色拉) 2  any of various plants resembling this 像莴苣的植物 [Middle English from Old French letuës, laituës, pl. of laituë, from Latin lactuca from lac lactis ‘milk’, with reference to its milky juice]

let-up n. colloq. [口]  1  a reduction in intensity 趋缓，减弱 2  a relaxation of effort 放松，松劲

leu /ˈleiu:/ n. (pl. lei /lei/)  the chief monetary unit of Romania 列伊(罗马尼亚货币单位) [Romanian, = lion]

leucine /ˈlu:si:n/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophobic amino acid present in protein and essential in the diet of vertebrates 【生化】白氨酸，亮氨酸(存在于蛋白质中，为脊椎动物饮食中的要素) [French, from Greek leukos ‘white’ + -IN]

leuco- /ˈlu:kəʊ/ comb. form  white [构词成分]白的 [Greek leukos ‘white’]

leucocyte /ˈlu:kə(ʊ)sait/ n. (also 亦作 leukocyte)  a colourless amoeboid cell of blood, lymph, etc., containing a nucleus and important in fighting disease Also called 亦称作 white (blood) cell, white corpuscle (血、淋巴等中的无色阿米巴状细胞)白血球，白血细胞 □ leucocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  

leucoma /lu:ˈkəʊmə/ n.  a white opacity in the cornea of the eye 角膜白斑

leucorrhoea /lu:kəˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] leucorrhea)  a whitish or yellowish discharge of mucus from the vagina 白带

leucotomy /lu:ˈkɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical cutting of white nerve fibres within the brain, esp. prefrontal lobotomy, formerly used in psychosurgery 脑白质切断术(尤指脑前额叶切除术)

leukaemia /lu:ˈki:miə/ n. (US [美] leukemia) Med.  any of a group of malignant diseases in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of leucocytes 【医】白血病 □ leukaemic  adj.   [modern Latin from German Leukɑ¨mie, from Greek leukos ‘white’ + haima ‘blood’]

leukocyte var.  of LEUCOCYTE  LEUCOCYTE 的变体

Lev. abbr.  Leviticus (Old Testament) [缩略] (《圣经·旧约》中的)《利未记》

lev /lev/ n. (also 亦作 leva) (pl. leva, levas, or levs)  the chief monetary unit of Bulgaria 列弗(保加利亚货币单位) [Bulgarian, = lion]

Levant /liˈvænt/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) archaic  the eastern part of the Mediterranean with its islands and neighbouring countries [古义]黎凡特(地中海东部岛屿及四周国家) [French, pres. part. of lever ‘rise’, used as a noun = point of sunrise, east]

levant /liˈvænt/ v. intr. Brit. slang  abscond or bolt, esp. with betting or gaming losses unpaid [英] [俚语]躲债；逃债(尤指赌债) [perhaps from LEVANT: cf. French faire voile en Levant ‘be stolen or spirited away’]

levanter1 /liˈvæntə/ n.  1  a strong easterly Mediterranean wind 累范特(地中海的强劲东风) 2 (作 Levanter)  a native or inhabitant of the Levant 黎凡特人

levanter2 /liˈvæntə/ n. slang  a person who levants [俚语]躲债人

Levantine /liˈvæntain, ˈlev(ə)n-, -tin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or trading to the Levant 黎凡特的；地中海东部的；去地中海东部贸易的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of the Levant 黎凡特人；地中海东部地区的人

Levant morocco n.  high-grade large-grained morocco leather 高档摩洛哥皮

Levant storax  see 见 STORAX 2 

levator /liˈveitə/ n.  a muscle that lifts the structure into which it is inserted 提肌 [Latin, = a person who lifts, from levare ‘raise’]

levee1 /ˈlevi, ˈlevei/ n.  1 archaic or N. Amer.  an assembly of visitors or guests, esp. at a formal reception [古义] [北美]贵宾集会(尤指正式招待会) 2 hist. (in the UK) an assembly held by the sovereign or sovereign's representative at which men only were received [史义] (在英国由君主或其代表举行的)男士接见会 3 hist.  a reception of visitors on rising from bed [史义]早晨接见；早朝 [French levé, variant of lever ‘rising’ from lever ‘to rise’: see LEVY]

levee2 /ˈlevi, liˈvi:/ n. US [美]  1  an embankment against river floods 防洪堤 2  a natural embankment built up by a river 天然河堤，冲积堤 3  a landing place, a quay 码头 [French levée, fem. past part. of lever ‘raise’: see LEVY]

level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a horizontal line or plane 水平线；水平面 2  a height or value reached, a position on a real or imaginary scale 高度； (达到的)数值；标准  eye level  视平高度 sugar level in the blood  血液中的糖分含量 danger level  危险程度 3  a social, moral, or intellectual standard (社会、道德或智力)水准，水平 4  a plane of rank or authority (官衔或职权的)级别，地位  discussions at Cabinet level  内阁级的讨论 5  a  an instrument giving a line parallel to the plane of the horizon for testing whether things are horizontal 水准仪，水准器b Surveying  an instrument for giving a horizontal line of sight 【测量学】水准测量仪 6  a more or less level surface 平坦的表面 7  a flat tract of land 平整地面 ●adj.  1  having a flat and even surface; not bumpy 平坦的；不凹凸的 2  horizontal; perpendicular to the plumb line 水平的，与铅垂线垂直的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  on the same horizontal plane as something else 同一水平上的b  having equality with something else 同等的c (of a spoonful etc.) with the contents flat with the brim (汤匙等)与边沿持平的，齐口的 4  even, uniform, equable, or well-balanced in quality, style, temper, judgement, etc. (质量、风格、性情、判断等)平的；均匀的；均衡的；公平的 5 esp. Brit. (of a race) having the leading competitors close together [尤英] (比赛)不相上下的，难分高低的 ●v. (levelled, levelling; US [美] leveled, leveling)  1 tr.  make level, even, or uniform 使水平；使平坦(平整) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to or with)  the ground raze or demolish 夷平；推倒 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  aim (a missile or gun) 把(导弹或枪炮)瞄准 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; foll. by 后跟 at, against)  direct (an accusation, criticism, or satire) 使(指控、批评或讽刺)针对 5 tr.  abolish (distinctions) 消除(差别) 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) slang  be frank or honest [俚语]直率对待，开诚布公地相处 7 tr.  place on the same level 使等同；拉平 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Surveying  ascertain differences in the height of (land) 【测量学】(用水准仪)测定(土地)高度 □ do one's level best  colloq.  do one's utmost; make all possible efforts [口]尽力而为；竭尽全力□ find its level (or find its own level)   1 (of a liquid) reach the same height in containers etc. which communicate with each other (液体)达到了相同的高度(以使容器等之间相互流通) 2  reach a stable level, value, position, etc. with respect to something else (价值、地位等对另一事物)达到了稳定的水平  the pound found its level against the dollar  英镑找到了对应美元的价值□ find one's level (or find one's own level)   reach the right social, intellectual, etc. place in relation to others (与他人相比)达到了恰当的(社会与知识等)位置□ level down  Brit.  bring down to a standard [英]降低到某个水准□ level off   make or become level or smooth 使得平坦；成为平稳状态□ level out   make or become level, remove differences from 使得(或变成)平坦；消除差别□ level up  Brit.  bring up to a standard [英]提升到某个水准□ on the level ● colloq. adv.  honestly, without deception [口]诚实地，诚恳的 ●adj.  honest, truthful 诚实的，真实的□ on a level with   1  in the same horizontal plane as 与…在同一水平面上 2  equal with 与…等同□ levelly  adv.  □ levelness  n.   [Middle English from Old French livel, ultimately from Latin libella, diminutive of libra ‘scales, balance’]

level crossing n. Brit.  a crossing of a railway and a road, or two railways, at the same level [英] (铁路与公路或两条铁路的)水平交叉处，道口

level-headed adj.  mentally well-balanced, cool, sensible 头脑清醒的，头脑冷静的，理智的 □ level-headedly  adv.  □ level-headedness  n.  

leveller /ˈlev(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] leveler)  1  a person who advocates the abolition of social distinctions 平等(均)主义者 2 (作 Leveller) hist.  an extreme radical dissenter in 17th-c. England [史义] (17 世纪英国的)平均主义者，平等(均)派成员 3  a person or thing that levels 平整土地者，校平器

levelling-screw n.  a screw for adjusting parts of a machine etc. to an exact level (机器等)水准(校平)螺丝

level pegging n. Brit.  equality of scores or achievements [英]不分胜负，不相上下

lever /ˈli:və/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bar resting on a pivot, used to help lift a heavy or firmly fixed object 杠杆 2 Mech.  a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum (fixed point) which can be acted upon by a force (effort) in order to move a load 【机】杠杆装置 3  a projecting handle moved to operate a mechanism (机械的)控制杆 4  a means of exerting moral pressure (施加道德压力的)手段 ●v.  1 intr.  use a lever 使用杠杆，利用杠杆 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, out, up etc.)  lift, move, or act on with a lever 撬起，撬动 [Middle English from Old French levier, leveor, from lever ‘raise’: see LEVY]

leverage /ˈli:v(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the action of a lever; a way of applying a lever 杠杆作用；应用杠杆 2  the power of a lever; the mechanical advantage gained by use of a lever 杠杆的力量；杠杆的效率 3  a means of accomplishing a purpose; power, influence (达到目的的)手段；势力；影响 4  a set or system of levers 杠杆组合；杠杆系统 5 US Commerce [美]【商业】  = GEARING 2 

leveraged buyout n.  the buyout of a company by its management using outside capital (公司的)杠杆收购，借贷收购

lever escapement n.  a mechanism in a watch connecting the escape wheel and the balance wheel using two levers (钟表的)杠杆式擒纵装置

leveret /ˈlev(ə)rit/ n.  a young hare, esp. one in its first year (尤指周岁以内的)小野兔 [Middle English from Anglo-French, diminutive of levre, Old French lievre, from Latin lepus leporis ‘hare’]

lever watch n.  a watch with a lever escapement 杠杆式擒纵装置手表，锚式表

leviable  see 见 LEVY 

leviathan /liˈvaiəθ(ə)n/ n.  1 Bibl.  a sea monster 【圣经】海中怪兽 2  anything very large or powerful, esp. a ship 庞然大物(尤指船) 3  an autocratic monarch or state (in allusion to a book by Hobbes, 1651) (英国哲学家霍布斯于 1651 年所写著作中提及的)专制君主；专制国家 [Middle English via Late Latin from Hebrew liwyɑˉtɑˉn]

levigate /ˈleviɡeit/ v. tr.  1  reduce to a fine smooth powder 把…弄成细粉末 2  make a smooth paste of 搅拌…成均匀糊状 □ levigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin levigare levigat- from levis ‘smooth’]

levin /ˈlevin/ n. archaic [古义]  1  lightning 闪电 2  a flash of lightning 电光 [Middle English leven(e), probably from Old Norse]

levirate /ˈli:virət, ˈlev-/ n.  a custom of the ancient Hebrews and some other peoples by which a man is obliged to marry his brother's widow (古希伯来等民族的)娶寡嫂习俗 □ leviratic  /-ˈrætik/ adj.  □ leviratical  /-ˈrætik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin levir ‘brother-in-law’ + -ATE1]

Levis /ˈli:vaiz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 Levi's propr. [商标])  a type of (originally blue) denim jeans or overalls reinforced with rivets (原为蓝色的)利维斯牛仔裤；牛仔裤；牛仔工装裤 [named after Levi Strauss, original US manufacturer in 1860s]

levitate /ˈleviteit/ v.  1 intr.  rise and float in the air (esp. with reference to spiritualism) 腾空飘游(尤与唯心论有关) 2 tr.  cause to do this 使腾空飘游 □ levitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ levitator  n.   [Latin levis ‘light’, on the pattern of GRAVITATE]

Levite /ˈli:vait/ n.  a member of the tribe of Levi, esp. of that part of it which provided assistants to the priests in the worship in the Jewish temple (尤指在犹太教堂中从事服务工作的)利未人 [Middle English via Late Latin levita and Greek leuitēs, from Leui, from Hebrew lēwî Levi]

Levitical /liˈvitik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the Levites or the tribe of Levi 利未人的；利未族的 2  of the Levites' ritual 利未族宗教仪式的 3  of Leviticus 《圣经·利未记》的 [Late Latin leviticus from Greek leuitikos (as LEVITE)]

levity /ˈleviti/ n.  1  lack of serious thought; frivolity; unbecoming jocularity 轻浮；轻佻；轻薄 2  inconstancy 无常 3  undignified behaviour 轻率 4 archaic  lightness of weight [古义] (重量)轻 [Latin levitas from levis ‘light’]

levo- US var.  of LAEVO- [美] LAEVO- 的变体

levodopa /li:və(ʊ)ˈdəʊpə/ n.  = L-DOPA  [abbreviation of l(a)evorotatory dopa]

levulose US var.  of LAEVULOSE [美] LAEVULOSE 的变体

levy /ˈlevi/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  a  impose (a rate or toll) 征(税)，收(费)b  raise (contributions or taxes) 征集(捐赠、税款)c (also absol. [亦含宾])  raise (a sum of money) by legal execution or process (通过执法或合法手续)筹措(一笔钱)  the debt was levied on the debtor's goods  从负债人货物中扣取所欠之债d  seize (goods) in this way 扣押(货物)用来偿债e  extort 勒索，强征  levy blackmail  敲诈勒索 2  enlist or enrol (troops etc.) 征募(兵等) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon, against)  wage, proceed to make (war) 发动(战争) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the collecting of a contribution, tax, etc., or of property to satisfy a legal judgement (捐赠、税收等的)募捐；征税；扣押b  a contribution, tax, etc., levied 捐赠物(税收款等) 2  a  the act or an instance of enrolling troops etc. 征兵(募兵等)b (in pl. 用复数)  troops enrolled 所征的兵员c  a body of troops enrolled 征募的军队d  the number of troops enrolled 征兵人数 □ leviable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French levee, fem. past part. of lever, from Latin levare ‘raise’, from levis ‘light’]

Lew /lu:/   卢 [人名]

lewd /lu:d, lju:d/ adj.  1  lascivious 淫猥的 2  indecent, obscene 粗俗的，下流的 □ lewdly  adv.  □ lewdness  n.   [Old English lœˉwede LAY2, of unknown origin]

Lewis /ˈlju:is/   刘易斯 [人名]

lewis /ˈlu:is/ n.  an iron contrivance for gripping heavy blocks of stone or concrete for lifting 起重爪，吊楔 [Middle English, probably from Old French lous, pl. of lou(p) ‘wolf’, the name of a kind of siege engine]

Lewis gun /ˈlu:is/ n.  a light air-cooled machine-gun with a magazine, operated by gas from its own firing 刘易斯式机枪 [named after I. N. Lewis, American soldier (d. 1931), its inventor]

lewisite /ˈlu:isait/ n.  an irritant gas that produces blisters, developed for use in chemical warfare 刘易斯毒气 [named after W. L. Lewis, American chemist d. 1943 + -ITE1]

lex domicilii /ˌleks dɒmiˈsiliai/ n. Law  the law of the country in which a person is domiciled 【法律】定居法 [Latin, = law of the domicile]

lexeme /ˈleksi:m/ n. Linguistics  a basic lexical unit of a language comprising one or several words, the elements of which do not separately convey the meaning of the whole 【语言学】词汇单位，词位 [LEXICON + -EME]

lex fori /leks ˈfɔ:rai/ n. Law  the law of the country in which an action is brought 【法律】诉讼法 [Latin, = law of the court]

lexical /ˈleksik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the words of a language 词汇的 2  of or as of a lexicon 词典的，词典性质的 □ lexically  adv.   [Greek lexikos, lexikon: see LEXICON]

lexicography /leksiˈkɒɡrəfi/ n.  the compiling of dictionaries 词典的编纂 □ lexicographer  n.  □ lexicographic  /-kəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ lexicographical  /-kəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ lexicographically  /-kəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

lexicology /leksiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the form, history, and meaning of words 词汇学 □ lexicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ lexicologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ lexicologist  n.  

lexicon /ˈleksik(ə)n/ n.  1  a dictionary, esp. of Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic 词典(尤指希腊、希伯来、叙利亚或阿拉伯语的词典) 2  the vocabulary of a person, language, branch of knowledge, etc. (人、语言、知识分科等的)特殊词汇，专门词汇，专业词汇 [modern Latin from Greek lexikon (biblion ‘book’), neut. of lexikos, via lexis ‘word’ from legō ‘speak’]

lexigraphy /lekˈsiɡrəfi/ n.  a system of writing in which each character represents a word (每个字都代表一个词的)词素文字 [Greek lexis (see LEXICON) + -GRAPHY]

lexis /ˈleksis/ n.  1  words, vocabulary 词，词汇 2  the total stock of words in a language (一种语言的)总词汇 [Greek: see LEXICON]

lex loci /leks ˈləʊsai/ n. Law  the law of the country in which a transaction is performed, a tort is committed, or a property is situated 【法律】地方法 [Latin, = law of the place]

lex talionis /ˌleks tæliˈəʊnis/ n.  the supposed law of retaliation, whereby a punishment resembles the offence committed, in kind and degree 对等报复法，以牙还牙的治罪 [Latin, from lex ‘law’ + talionis from talis ‘such’]

ley1 /lei/ n.  a field temporarily under grass 轮作草地 [Middle English (originally adj.), from Old English, related to LAY1, LIE1]

ley2 /lei, li:/ n. (in full 全称 ley line)  a hypothetical straight line connecting prehistoric sites etc. (连结史前遗址等的)假想直线 [variant of LEA]

Leyden jar /ˈlaid(ə)n/ n.  an early form of capacitor consisting of a glass jar with layers of metal foil on the outside and inside 莱顿电瓶 [Leyden (now Leiden), a city in the Netherlands, where it was invented (1745)]

ley farming n. esp. Brit.  alternate growing of crops and grass [尤英]庄稼与草的轮作

LF abbr.  low frequency [缩略]低频

LH abbr. [缩略] Biochem. 【生化】  luteinizing hormone 

l.h. abbr. [缩略]  left hand 

LI abbr. [缩略]  1  Light Infantry 轻步兵 2 US  Long Island [美]长岛

Li symb. Chem.  the element lithium [符]【化】(化学元素)锂

liability /laiəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being liable 倾向 2  a person or thing that is troublesome as an unwelcome responsibility; a handicap (人或物)累赘；妨碍 3  what a person is liable for, esp. (in pl. 用复数) debts or pecuniary obligations 责任(尤指应付债务或罚款的义务)

liable /ˈlaiəb(ə)l/ predic. adj.  1  legally bound 负有法律责任的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  subject to (a tax or penalty) 应受…的；应交税的；应受罚的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  under an obligation 负有义务的 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  exposed or open to (something undesirable) 易遭受(易陷于) (不幸事)的 5 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) disp.  apt, likely [异议]有…倾向的；易于…的  it is liable to rain  天要下雨 6 (foll. by 后跟 for)  answerable 应负责的 [Middle English perhaps from Anglo-French, via Old French lier from Latin ligare ‘bind’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of liable in sense 5, though common, is considered incorrect by some people. Liable 中释义 5 的用法，虽很普遍，但有人认为这种用法不正确。 

liaise /liˈeiz/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 with, between)  establish cooperation, act as a link 建立合作关系；联络 [back-formation from LIAISON]

liaison /liˈeiz(ə)n, -zɒn, -zɒ˜/ n.  1  communication or cooperation, esp. between military forces or units 联络(尤指军队间的联系或协作) 2  an illicit sexual relationship 私通(不正当的性关系) 3  the binding or thickening agent of a sauce 勾芡用料 4  the sounding of an ordinarily silent final consonant before a word beginning with a vowel (or a mute h in French) (前词为不发音的尾辅音和后词的词首为元音的词或法语中以不发音 h 开头的词的)连读 [French from lier ‘bind’, from Latin ligare]

liaison officer n.  an officer acting as a link between allied forces or units of the same force 联络官

Liam /ˈli:əm/   利亚姆 [人名]

liana /liˈɑ:nə/ n. (also 亦作 liane /-ˈɑ:n/)  any of several climbing and twining plants of tropical forests (热带森林中的)藤本植物 [French liane, lierne ‘clematis’, of uncertain origin]

liar /ˈlaiə/ n.  a person who tells a lie or lies, esp. habitually 说谎者(尤指说谎成习惯的人) [Old English lēogere (as LIE2, -AR4)]

liar dice n.  a game with poker dice in which the result of a throw may be announced falsely 吹牛掷骰子戏(可谎报掷骰子的结果)

lias /ˈlaiəs/ n.  1 (作 Lias) Geol.  the lower strata of the Jurassic system of rocks, consisting of shales and limestones rich in fossils 【地质】里阿斯岩石(早侏罗纪岩系的岩石，含页岩和富有化石的石灰石) 2  a blue limestone rock found in SW England 青石灰石(发现于英格兰西南部) □ liassic  /laiˈæsik/ adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English from Old French liois ‘hard limestone’, probably from Germanic]

Lib. abbr. [缩略]  Liberal 

lib /lib/ n. colloq. (in names of political movements etc.) liberation [口] (用于政治运动等的名称中)解放  women's lib  妇女解放 [abbreviation]

libation /laiˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the pouring out of a drink-offering to a god 祭酒，洒酒祭奠b  such an offering 祭奠用的酒 2 joc.  a drink [诙]饮酒，酒 [Middle English from Latin libatio, from libare ‘pour as offering’]

libber /ˈlibə/ n. colloq.  an advocate of women's liberation [口]主张妇女解放者

Libby /ˈlibi/   利比 [人名]

Lib Dem /lib ˈdem/ n. colloq.  a Liberal Democrat [口]自由民主党成员 [abbreviation]

libel /ˈlaib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Law 【法律】  a  a published false statement damaging to a person's reputation (cf. 参见 SLANDER n. 3) (发表文章)诽谤b  the act or crime of publishing this 诽谤(罪) 2  a  a false and defamatory written statement (不真实的)诽谤性文章b (foll. by 后跟 on)  a thing that brings discredit by misrepresentation etc. (通过歪曲等)毁坏名誉的东西  the portrait is a libel on him  这张像片毁坏了他的名誉 the book is a libel on human nature  这本书是对人性的污蔑 3  a (in civil and ecclesiastical law) the plaintiff's written declaration (民法和教会法中的)原告诉状b Sc. Law  a statement of the grounds of a charge [苏格兰]【法律】控告书 ●v. tr. (libelled, libelling; US [美] libeled, libeling)  1  defame by libellous statements (发表文章)诽谤 2  accuse falsely and maliciously 污蔑，污告，恶意中伤 3 Law  publish a libel against 【法律】发表毁坏…声誉的东西 4 (in ecclesiastical law) bring a suit against (教会法中)状告 □ libeller  n.   [originally = a formal document: Middle English via Old French from Latin libellus, diminutive of liber ‘book’]

libellous /ˈlaib(ə)ləs/ adj.  containing or constituting a libel (含有或构成)诽谤的，中伤的，污蔑的 □ libellously  adv.  

liberal /ˈlib(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  given freely; ample, abundant 大方的；充足的，丰富的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  giving freely; generous, not sparing 出手大方的；慷慨的，毫不吝惜的 3  open-minded, not prejudiced 胸怀开阔的，无偏见的 4  not strict or rigorous; (of interpretation) not literal 自由的，不严格的；(翻译)不拘于字面的 5  for general broadening of the mind, not professional or technical 全面开发智力的，非专业的，非技术性的  liberal studies  文科学科 6  a  favouring individual liberty, free trade, and moderate political and social reform 有利于个人自由的；有利于自由交易的；有利于温和的政治与社会改革的b (作 Liberal) Polit.  of or characteristic of Liberals or a Liberal Party 【政】自由党(党员)的；具有自由党(党员)特色的 7 Theol.  regarding many traditional beliefs as dispensable, invalidated by modern thought, or liable to change 【神】接受新思想放弃传统信念的；倾向于改变的  liberal Protestant  放弃传统信念的新教徒 liberal Judaism  开明的犹太教 ●n.  1  a person of liberal views 自由主义者 2 (作 Liberal) Polit.  a supporter or member of a Liberal Party 【政】自由党支持者，自由党成员 □ liberalism  n.  □ liberalist  n.  □ liberalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ liberally  adv.  □ liberalness  n.   [originally = befitting a free man: Middle English via Old French from Latin liberalis, from liber ‘free (man)’]

liberal arts n. pl.  1 esp. N. Amer.  the arts as distinct from science and technology [尤北美]文科(有别于理工科) 2 hist.  the medieval trivium and quadrivium [史义] (中世纪大学的)三学科(语法、修辞、逻辑)；(古罗马和中世纪大学的)四学科(算术、几何、天文、音乐)

Liberal Democrat n. (in the UK) a member of a party (formerly the Social and Liberal Democrats) formed from the Liberal Party and members of the Social Democratic Party (英国)自由民主党(前社会自由民主党)成员

liberality /libəˈræliti/ n.  1  free giving; munificence 慷慨施赠；施赠丰厚 2  freedom from prejudice; breadth of mind 无偏见；胸怀开阔 [Middle English from Old French liberalite or Latin liberalitas (as LIBERAL)]

liberalize /ˈlib(ə)r(ə)laiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become more liberal or less strict (使)自由化，放宽限止 □ liberalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ liberalizer  n.  

Liberal Party n.  a political party advocating liberal policies (renamed in 1988 when the party regrouped with others to form the Social and Liberal Democrats and known from 1989 as the Liberal Democrats) 自由党 (1988 年重组为社会自由民主党， 1989 年更名为自由民主党)

liberate /ˈlibəreit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  set at liberty; set free 释放，放出 2  free (a country etc.) from an oppressor or an enemy occupation 解放(国家等) 3 (often as 常作 liberated adj.)  free (a person) from rigid social conventions, esp. in sexual behaviour (从僵化的社会习俗中，尤指性行为方面)将(人)解放出来 4 slang  steal [俚语]偷 5 Chem.  release (esp. a gas) from a state of combination 【化】(从化合状态中)释放出(尤指气体) □ liberator  n.   [Latin liberare liberat- from liber ‘free’]

liberation /libəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of liberating; the state of being liberated 解放，放出；释放的状态 □ liberationist  n.   [Middle English from Latin liberatio, from liberare: see LIBERATE]

liberation theology n.  a theory which interprets liberation from social, political, and economic oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation 解放神学(把从社会、政治和经济压迫中解放出来作为最终解救的前提)

Liberia   利比里亚

Liberian /laiˈbiəriən/ adj. & n.  利比里亚的(人)

libero /ˈli:bərəʊ/ n. Football  a player who defends across the back of the field; a sweeper 【足球】自由中卫；清道夫 [Italian, = free (man)]

libertarian /libəˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an advocate of liberty 自由论者 2  a believer in free will (opp. 反义 NECESSITARIAN) 自由意志论信仰者 ●adj.  believing in free will 信仰自由意志(论)的 □ libertarianism  n.  

libertine /ˈlibəti:n, -tin, -tain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dissolute or licentious person 浪荡子；放荡不羁的人 2  a free thinker on religion (对宗教)持自由思想者 3  a person who follows his or her own inclinations 我行我素的人 ●adj.  1  licentious, dissolute 淫荡的，放荡的 2  freethinking 思想自由的 3  following one's own inclinations 我行我素的，不受拘束的 □ libertinage  n.  □ libertinism  n.   [Latin libertinus ‘freedman’, via libertus ‘made free’ from liber ‘free’]

liberty /ˈlibəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  freedom from captivity, imprisonment, slavery, or despotic control 释放，自由，解放b  a personification of this 自主 2  a  the right or power to do as one pleases 自主权，自由权b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  right, power, opportunity, permission (自由的)权利，权力，机会，允许c Philos.  freedom from control by fate or necessity 【哲】意志自由，选择自由 3  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a right, privilege, or immunity, enjoyed by prescription or grant 特权；辖免权；规定的权利b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) Brit. hist.  an area having such privileges etc., esp. a district controlled by a city though outside its boundary or an area outside a prison where some prisoners might reside [英史义]特权区(尤指由城市管辖的城外区域或监狱外的犯人居住区) 4  setting aside of rules or convention 无规矩，无礼貌，放肆 5 Naut.  leave of absence 【海】上岸假 □ at liberty   1  free, not imprisoned 自由的，释放的  set at liberty  释放 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  entitled, permitted 获准的，许可的 3  available, disengaged 有空闲的，未被占用时间的□ take liberties   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  behave in an unduly familiar manner 举止过分亲热(随便) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  deal freely or superficially with rules or facts 随意更改(规则、事实)□ take the liberty  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin., or of + verbal noun)  presume, venture 擅自(做)；冒昧(行事) [Middle English via Old French liberté from Latin libertas -tatis, from liber ‘free’]

Liberty Bell n. (in the US) a bell in Philadelphia rung at the adoption of the Declaration of Independence 自由钟(在费城，美国宣告独立时鸣此钟)

liberty boat n. Brit. Naut.  a boat carrying liberty men [英]【海】运送放假海员的船

liberty bodice n.  a close-fitting under-bodice with no stiffening (不上浆的)自由紧身胸衣

liberty hall n.  a place where one may do as one likes 便厅(客人可自由活动的地方)

liberty horse n.  a horse performing in a circus without a rider (马戏场中)自由表演的马(无骑手)

liberty man n. Brit. Naut.  a sailor with leave to go ashore [英]【海】上岸休假的船员

liberty of the subject n.  the rights of a subject under constitutional rule (宪政统治下的)国民权利

Liberty ship n. hist.  a prefabricated US-built freighter of the Second World War [史义]自由轮(美国在第二次世界大战中用预构件制造的货轮)

libidinous /liˈbidinəs/ adj.  lustful 好色的，淫荡的 □ libidinously  adv.  □ libidinousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin libidinosus, from libido -dinis ‘lust’]

libido /liˈbi:dəʊ, liˈbaidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Psychol.  psychic drive or energy, esp. that associated with sexual desire 【心】“里比多”(尤指与性欲相结合的精神动力与能量) □ libidinal  /liˈbidin(ə)l/ adj.  □ libidinally  adv.   [Latin: see LIBIDINOUS]

Lib-Lab /libˈlæb/ adj. Brit. hist.  Liberal and Labour [英史义]自由党—工党的 [abbreviation]

Libra /ˈli:brə, ˈlib-, ˈlaib/ n.  1 Astron.  a small constellation (the Scales or Balance), said to represent the pair of scales which is the symbol of justice 【天】天秤(星)座(象征公正) 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the seventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the northern autumnal equinox (about 22 Sept.) 天秤宫(黄道第七宫，太阳由北方秋分点进入，大约在 9 月 22 日)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 生于天秤宫时段的人 □ Libran  n. & adj.   [Middle English from Latin, originally = pound weight]

librarian /laiˈbrɛəriən/ n.  a person in charge of, or an assistant in, a library 图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员 □ librarianship  n.   [Latin librarius: see LIBRARY]

library /ˈlaibrəri, -bri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a collection of books etc. for use by the public or by members of a group (供公众或某团体阅览的)藏书b  a person's collection of books 个人藏书 2  a room or building containing a collection of books (for reading or reference rather than for sale) (只供阅览、查询，但不出售书的)阅览室，书房，图书馆，藏书楼，书库 3  a  a similar collection of films, records, computer routines, etc. 收藏的影片(录音资料、电脑程序等)b  the place where these are kept (收藏影片等的)资料馆，资料库，资料室 4  a series of books issued by a publisher in similar bindings etc., usu. as a set (尤指一组)丛书，文库 5  a public institution charged with the care of a collection of books, films, etc. (图书、影片等的)公共收藏机关 [Middle English via Old French librairie from Latin libraria, fem. of librarius ‘of books’ (used as a noun = bookseller), from liber libri ‘book’]

library edition n.  a strongly bound edition 图书馆版本(装帧坚固)

library school n.  a college or a department in a university or polytechnic teaching librarianship (大学内的)图书馆学院，图书馆系；图书馆专科学校

library science n.  the study of librarianship 图书馆学

libration /laiˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  an apparent oscillation of a celestial body, esp. the moon, by which the parts near the edge of the disc are alternately in view and out of view 天平动(尤指月球天平动) [Latin libratio, via librare from libra ‘balance’]

libretto /liˈbretəʊ/ n. (pl. libretti /-ti/ or -os)  the text of an opera or other long musical vocal work 歌剧剧本(或其他长篇声乐作品) □ librettist  n.   [Italian, diminutive of libro ‘book’, from Latin liber libri]

Librium /ˈlibriəm/ n. propr.  a benzodiazepine drug used as a tranquillizer [商标]利眠宁

Libya   利比亚

Libyan /ˈlibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to modern Libya in N. Africa (北非)利比亚的，与利比亚有关的 2  of ancient N. Africa west of Egypt 古代北非的，埃及以西的 3  of or relating to the Berber group of languages 柏柏尔语系的，与柏柏尔语系相关的 ●n.  1  a  a native or national of modern Libya (当今)利比亚人，利比亚国民b  a person of Libyan descent 利比亚人后裔 2  an ancient language of the Berber group 古利比亚语(属柏柏尔语系)

lice pl.  of LOUSE  

licence /ˈlais(ə)ns/ n. (US [美] license)  1  a permit from an authority to own or use something (esp. a dog, gun, television set, or vehicle), do something (esp. marry, print something, preach, or drive on a public road), or carry on a trade (esp. in alcoholic liquor) (尤指养狗、持枪、电视接收机、车辆的)证书；(尤指结婚、印刷、布道及驾驶的)证明，执照；(尤指经营酒类的)许可证 2  leave, permission 准许，允许  have I your licence to remove the fence?  允许我拆去这篱笆吗？ 3  a  liberty of action, esp. when excessive; disregard of law or propriety; abuse of freedom (尤指过度)放任；放肆；肆无忌惮，放纵b  licentiousness 放荡，淫荡 4  a writer's or artist's irregularity in grammar, metre, perspective, etc., or deviation from fact, esp. for effect 破格，不拘一格(尤指作家、艺术家为追求作品效果在语法、格律、想法等上所采用的破常规的方法)  poetic licence  诗的破格 5 Brit.  a university certificate of competence in a faculty [英]大学资格证书 [Middle English via Old French from Latin licentia, from licēre ‘be lawful’: -se by confusion with LICENSE]

license /ˈlais(ə)ns/ v. tr. (also 亦作 licence)  1  grant a licence to (a person) 给(某人)发许可证(执照、证书等) 2  authorize the use of (premises) for a certain purpose, esp. the sale and consumption of alcoholic liquor 批准(某场所)作某种用处(尤指专售酒类) 3  authorize the publication of (a book etc.) or the performance of (a play) 批准出版(书籍等)；批准演(戏) 4 archaic  allow [古义]允许 □ licensable  adj.  □ licenser  n.  □ licensor  n.   [Middle English from LICENCE: -se on analogy of the verbs PRACTISE, PROPHESY, perhaps influenced by ADVISE, where the sound differs from the corresponding noun]

licensed victualler  see 见 VICTUALLER 1b 

licensee /lais(ə)nˈsi:/ n.  the holder of a licence, esp. to sell alcoholic liquor 许可证(执照)持有者(尤指出售酒类的执照持有者)

license plate n. US  the number plate of a licensed vehicle [美]汽车牌照

licentiate /laiˈsenʃiət/ n.  1  a holder of a certificate of competence to practise a certain profession, or of a university licence 持开业执照者；大学证书持有者 2  a licensed preacher not yet having an appointment, esp. in a Presbyterian church (尤指长老会的)未委任神职而有传道执照的牧师 [Middle English via medieval Latin licentiatus, past part. of licentiare, from Latin licentia: see LICENCE]

licentious /laiˈsenʃəs/ adj.  1  immoral, esp. in sexual relations (尤指性关系上)淫荡的 2 archaic  disregarding accepted rules or conventions [古义]无视常规的；无法无天的 □ licentiously  adv.  □ licentiousness  n.   [Latin licentiosus from licentia: see LICENCE]

lichee var.  of LYCHEE  LYCHEE 的变体

lichen /ˈlaik(ə)n, ˈlitʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  any plant organism of the group Lichenes, composed of a fungus and an alga in symbiotic association, usu. of green, grey, or yellow tint and growing on and colouring rocks, tree trunks, roofs, walls, etc. (由真菌与藻类共生体组成的植物有机体，通常绿、灰、黄色，生长或覆盖在岩石、树干、屋顶、墙等上的)地衣 2  any of several types of skin disease in which small round hard lesions occur close together 苔藓病 □ lichened  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ lichenology  /-ˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ lichenous  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Latin from Greek leikhēn]

lich-gate /ˈlitʃɡeit/ n. (also 亦作 lych-gate)  a roofed gateway to a churchyard, formerly used at burials for sheltering a coffin until the clergyman's arrival (加有顶篷的)教堂院子的入口处(旧时举行葬礼时停放棺木，以等待牧师的到来)，停柩门 [Middle English from Old English līc ‘corpse’ (from Germanic) + GATE1]

licit /ˈlisit/ adj.  not forbidden; lawful 准许的；合法的 □ licitly  adv.   [Latin licitus, past part. of licēre ‘be lawful’]

lick /lik/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  pass the tongue over, esp. to taste, moisten, or (of animals) clean 用舌舔(尤指品尝滋味；舔湿)；(动物)舔净 2 tr.  bring into a specified condition or position by licking 舔…到特定的状态(地步)  licked it all up  舔吃完 licked it clean  舔干净 3  a tr. (of a flame, waves, etc.) touch; play lightly over (火焰、波浪等)触及；轻轻地拍击b intr.  move gently or caressingly 蔓延；吞卷  flames licked at the staircase  火焰蔓延到了楼梯 4 tr. colloq. [口]  a  defeat, overcome 击败，克服b  excel, surpass 胜过；超越c  surpass the comprehension of 使困惑，使弄不清楚  has got me licked  使我弄不明白 5 tr. colloq.  thrash [口]打，揍 ●n.  1  an act of licking with the tongue 舔 2  = SALT LICK  3 colloq.  a fast pace [口]快速  at a lick  很快地 at full lick  以全速 4 colloq.  a small amount; quick treatment with [口]少量；少许 foll. by 后跟 of: a lick of paint  少量的油漆 5  a smart blow with a stick etc. (用棍子等)狠揍 □ a lick and a promise  colloq.  a hasty performance of a task, esp. of washing oneself [口]匆忙地处理事情(尤指沐浴)□ lick a person's boots (or shoes)   toady; be servile 拍某人马屁；奉承某人□ lick into shape   see 见 SHAPE □ lick one's lips (or colloq. [口] chops)   1  look forward with relish 兴趣地期待 2  show one's satisfaction 表露出满足□ lick one's wounds   be in retirement after defeat 舔愈伤口(失败后退下来，养好伤再干)□ licker  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English liccian, from West Germanic]

lickerish /ˈlikəriʃ/ adj. (also 亦作 liquorish)  1  lecherous 好色的；淫荡的 2  a  fond of fine food 贪馋的b  greedy, longing 贪婪的；渴望的 [Middle English lickerous from Old French lecheros: see LECHER]

lickety-split /likətiˈsplit/ adv. colloq.  at full speed; headlong [口]全速地；急速地 [probably from LICK (see sense 3) + SPLIT]

licking /ˈlikiŋ/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a thrashing 揍，打 2  a defeat 失败

lickspittle /ˈlikspit(ə)l/ n.  a toady 拍马屁

licorice var.  of LIQUORICE  LIQUORICE 的变体

lictor /ˈliktə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Rom. Hist.  an officer attending the consul or other magistrate, bearing the fasces, and executing sentence on offenders [罗马]【史】(执政官等的)扈从(肩扛权标，对违法者执行宣判) [Middle English from Latin, perhaps related to ligare ‘bind’]

lid /lid/ n.  1  a hinged or removable cover, esp. for the top of a container 盖，盖子 2  = EYELID  3  the operculum of a shell or a plant (螺的)厣；(盖果的)盖，蒴盖 4 slang  a hat [俚语]帽子 □ put the lid (or tin lid) on  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  be the culmination of 达到…的顶峰 2  put a stop to 结束□ take (or blow etc.) the lid off  colloq.  expose (a scandal etc.) [口]暴露(丑闻等)□ lidded  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ lidless  adj.   [Old English hlid, from Germanic]

lido /ˈli:dəʊ, ˈlai-/ n. (pl. -os) Brit.  a public open-air swimming pool or bathing beach [英]公共露天游泳池；海滨浴场 [Italian from Lido, the name of a bathing beach near Venice, from Latin litus ‘shore’]

lidocaine /ˈlidəkein/ n.  = LIGNOCAINE 

lie1 /lai/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (lying /ˈlaiiŋ/; past lay /lei/; past part. lain /lein/)  1  be in or assume a horizontal position on a supporting surface; be at rest on something 平卧；躺 2 (of a thing) rest flat on a surface (物)平摆，平放  snow lay on the ground  地面上积着雪 3 (of abstract things) remain undisturbed or undiscussed etc. (抽象事物)放着不管，搁着不动  let matters lie  把问题搁置起来 4  a  be kept or remain or be in a specified, esp. concealed, state or place 保持，保留(或处在)某特定(尤指隐蔽)的状态(或地方)  lie hidden  隐藏着 lie in wait  暗中等待 malice lay behind those words  那些话里藏着怨恨 they lay dying  他们奄奄一息 the books lay unread  书没有打开读过 the money is lying in the bank  钱还放在银行里b (of abstract things) exist, reside; be in a certain position or relation (抽象事物)存在；归于；处于特定的地位(或关系中) foll. by 后跟 in, with, etc.: the answer lies in education  解决的方法在于教育 my sympathies lie with the family  我同情这个家庭 5  a  be situated or stationed 位于，座落在  the village lay to the east  村子位于东边 the ships are lying off the coast  轮船停泊在离岸不远的地方b (of a road, route, etc.) lead (路、航线等)伸展  the road lies over mountains  路向山上伸展c  be spread out to view 展现  the desert lay before us  沙漠展现在我们面前 6 (of the dead) be buried in a grave (死者)被埋葬 7 (foll. by 后跟 with) archaic  have sexual intercourse [古义]交媾 8 Law  be admissible or sustainable 【法律】可受理；可立案  the objection will not lie  反对的理由不成立 9 (of a game bird) not rise (猎鸟)不起飞 ●n.  1  a  the way or direction or position in which a thing lies (物体所处的)状态；方向；位置b Golf  the position of a golf ball when about to be struck 【高尔夫球】高尔夫球停的位置 2  the place of cover of an animal or a bird 兽穴；鸟巢 □ as far as in me lies   to the best of my power 竭我所能□ let lie   not raise (a controversial matter etc.) for discussion etc. (争论的事等)搁置不管(不讨论等)□ lie about (or around)   be left carelessly out of place 到处乱放□ lie ahead   be going to happen; be in store 即将发生；将有□ lie back   recline so as to rest 向后靠着休息□ lie down   assume a lying position; have a short rest 躺下；躺着(暂作休息)□ lie down under  Brit.  accept (an insult etc.) without protest [英]甘心受(辱等)□ lie heavy   cause discomfort or anxiety 使不适(或焦虑)□ lie in   1  remain in bed in the morning (早晨)不起床，睡懒觉 2 archaic  be brought to bed in childbirth [古义]待产，等待分娩□ lie in state  (of a deceased person of high rank) be laid in a public place of honour before burial (地位高的死者埋葬前)停放在公共场所供瞻仰□ lie low   1  keep quiet or unseen 不作声；躲避 2  be discreet about one's intentions 不动声色，保守秘密□ lie off  Naut.  stand some distance from shore or from another ship 【海】停泊在离岸(或船)不远处□ lie over   be deferred 延期办理，暂时搁置□ lie to  Naut.  come almost to a stop facing the wind 【海】(船)顶风不前□ lie up  (of a ship) go into dock or be out of commission (轮船)入坞(或退役)□ lie with  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  be the responsibility of (a person) 由(某人)负责处理  it lies with you to answer  此事由你负责解决□ take lying down  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  accept (defeat, rebuke, etc.) without resistance or protest etc. 对(失败、非难等)甘心承受(乖乖地接受等) [Old English licgan, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The transitive use of lie, meaning ‘lay’, as in Lie him on the bed, is incorrect and to be avoided. lie 作及物动词意为“ lay ”(放)，如 Lie him on the bed (把他放在床上)，这一用法是不正确的，要避免。 

lie2 /lai/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an intentionally false statement 谎言，假话  tell a lie  说谎 pack of lies  一派谎言 2  imposture; false belief 欺骗行为；假象  live a lie  过骗人的生活 ●v. (lies, lied, lying /ˈlaiiŋ/)  1 intr.  a  tell a lie or lies 说谎，欺骗  they lied to me  他们对我说谎b (of a thing) be deceptive (事物)蒙骗人，造成假象  the camera cannot lie  照相不可能造假 2 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.; foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  get (oneself) into or out of a situation by lying 撒谎使(自己)陷入(或摆脱)某种境地  lied themselves into trouble  撒谎使他们陷入困境 lied my way out of danger  用谎言摆脱险境 □ give the lie to   serve to show the falsity of (a supposition etc.) 证明(推测等)是假的 [Old English lyge lēogan, from Germanic]

Liebfraumilch /ˈli:bfraʊmilk/ n.  a light white wine from the Rhine region 莱茵白葡萄酒 [German from Liebfrau, the Virgin Mary, the patroness of the convent where it was first made + Milch ‘milk’]

Liechtenstein   列支敦士登

Liechtensteiner /ˈliktənˌstainə(r)/ n.  列支敦士登人

lied /li:d, -t/ n. (pl. lieder /ˈli:də/)  a type of German song, esp. of the Romantic period, usu. for solo voice with piano accompaniment (德国)歌曲，浪漫曲(尤指由钢琴陪奏的独唱歌曲) [German]

lie detector n.  an instrument for determining whether a person is telling the truth by testing for physiological changes considered to be symptomatic of lying 测谎仪

lie-down n. Brit.  a short rest [英]小憩

lief /li:f/ adv. archaic  gladly, willingly (usu. 通常作 had lief, would lief) [古义]乐意地，欣然，宁愿 [originally as adj. from Old English lēof ‘dear, pleasant’ from Germanic: related to LEAVE2, LOVE]

liege /li:dʒ/ adj. & n. usu. hist. [通常史义] ●adj. (of a superior) entitled to receive or (of a vassal) bound to give feudal service or allegiance (君王)至高无上的；(臣民)绝对服从的，效忠的 ●n.  1 (in full 全称 liege lord)  a feudal superior or sovereign 封建领主；君王 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a vassal or subject 臣属；臣民 [Middle English via Old French lige, liege from medieval Latin laeticus, probably from Germanic]

liegeman /ˈli:dʒmən/ n. (pl. -men) hist.  a sworn vassal; a faithful follower [史义]忠实的臣民；忠诚的追随者

lie-in n. Brit.  a prolonged stay in bed in the morning [英] (早晨)卧床不起，睡懒觉

lien /li:n, ˈli:ən, ˈlaiən/ n. Law  a right over another's property to protect a debt charged on that property 【法律】扣押权，留置权 [French via Old French loien from Latin ligamen ‘bond’, from ligare ‘bind’]

lie of the land n. (prec. by 前接 the) esp. Brit.  the current state of affairs [尤英]当前的事态(情况)

lierne /liˈɜ:n/ n. Archit. (in vaulting) a short rib connecting the bosses and intersections of the principal ribs 【建】(拱形结构中的)枝肋 [Middle English from French: related to LIANA]

lieu /lju:, lu:/ n.   □ in lieu   1  instead 替代 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  in the place of 代替… [Middle English via French from Latin locus ‘place’]

Lieut. abbr. [缩略]  Lieutenant 

lieutenant /lefˈtenənt/ n.  1  a deputy or substitute acting for a superior 副职官员；代理官员；助理官员 2  a  an army officer next in rank below captain 陆军中尉b  a naval officer next in rank below lieutenant commander 海军上尉 3 US  a police officer next in rank below captain [美]警察少(中)尉 4 colloq.  the assistant adult leader of a company of Guides, officially termed Assistant Guide Guider since 1968 [口]女童子军领队助理(由成年人担任)； (1968 年后正式称作)女童子军助理指导员 □ lieutenancy  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English from Old French (as LIEU, TENANT)]

lieutenant colonel n.  an army officer ranking next below colonel 陆军中校

lieutenant commander n.  a naval officer ranking below a commander and above a lieutenant 海军少校

lieutenant general n.  an army officer ranking below a general and above a major general 陆军中将

lieutenant-governor n.  the acting or deputy governor of a state, province, etc., under a governor or Governor-General (国家、州或省等的)副总督；代理总督；副州(省)长；代理州(省)长

Lieutenant of the Tower n.  the acting commandant of the Tower of London 伦敦塔代理指挥官

life /laif/ n. (pl. lives /laivz/)  1  the condition which distinguishes active animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, functional activity, and continual change preceding death 生命，性命 2  a  living things and their activity 生物(或活物)及其活动  insect life  昆虫类 is there life on Mars?  火星上有生物吗？b  human presence or activity 人类的存在及其活动  no sign of life  无人类活动的迹象 3  a  the period during which life lasts, or the period from birth to the present time or from the present time to death 一生；人生阶段；寿命  have done it all my life  我一生中都在做此事 will regret it all my life  将终生为此遗憾 life membership  终身会员资格b  the duration of a thing's existence or of its ability to function; validity, efficacy, etc. (物体)存在期；(功能、效力、效能等的)有效期；耐久性；功效  the battery has a life of two years  电池的有效期为两年 4  a  a person's state of existence as a living individual 人的生命；人的性命  sacrificed their lives  牺牲了他们的生命 took many lives  杀死了好多人b  a living person 活人  many lives were lost  很多人丢了命 5  a  an individual's occupation, actions, or fortunes; the manner of one's existence 生活；生活方式  that would make life easy  那样会使生活过得太平些 start a new life  开始新的生活b  a particular aspect of this 特定的生活  love life  爱情生活 private life  私生活 6  the active part of existence; the business and pleasures of the world 人的活动；世事；人生  travelis the best way to see life  旅行是了解世事的最好途径 7  man's earthly or supposed future existence 尘世，人间；今生，今世；来生，来世  this life and the next  今世和来世 8  a  energy, liveliness, animation 活力；生气；活跃  full of life  充满活力 put some life into it!  给它注入一些活力吧！b  an animating influence 活跃气氛的感染力；活跃气氛的人(或物)  was the life of the party  是聚会上最活跃的人 9  the living, esp. nude, form or model 实物(尤指活的裸体、形体或模特)  taken from the life  写生 10  a written account of a person's life; a biography 人物报道，特写；传记 11 colloq.  a sentence of imprisonment for life [口]无期徒刑  they were all serving life  他们正在终身服牢役 12  a chance; a fresh start 生机，新的开端  cats have nine lives  猫有九命 gave the player three lives  给赌注式台球参加者(在开局时)三“生” □ come to life   1  emerge from unconsciousness or inactivity; begin operating 苏醒，复苏；开始运作 2 (of an inanimate object) assume an imaginary animation (不活跃的东西)变得活跃起来□ for dear (or one's) life   as if or in order to escape death; as a matter of extreme urgency 逃命似地；拼命地  hanging on for dear life  竭尽全力坚持下去 run for your life  拼命逃跑□ for life   for the rest of one's life 余生□ for the life of  (foll. by 后跟 personal pron.)  even if (one's) life depended on it 即使要(某人的)命也；无论如何  cannot for the life of me remember  我无论如何也记不起来□ give one's life   1 (foll. by 后跟 for)  die; sacrifice oneself (为)…而死；(为)…牺牲生命，捐躯 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  dedicate oneself 献身于…□ large as life  colloq.  in person, esp. prominently [口]本人，亲自；不容置疑，千真万确  stood there large as life  站在那边的就是其本人□ larger than life   1  exaggerated 夸大的 2 (of a person) having an exuberant or striking personality (人)出众的，非同一般的□ lose one's life   be killed 被杀害□ not on your life  colloq.  most certainly not [口]绝对不，决不□ save a person's life   1  prevent a person's death 救人性命 2  save a person from serious difficulty 救人于危难之中□ take one's life in one's hands   take a crucial personal risk 冒生命危险□ to the life   true to the original 与原来相仿，逼真 [Old English līf, from Germanic]

life-and-death adj.  vitally important; desperate 极其重要的；生死存亡的  a life-and-death struggle  生死的斗争

life assurance n.  = LIFE INSURANCE 

lifebelt /ˈlaifbelt/ n. Brit.  a belt of buoyant or inflatable material for keeping a person afloat in water [英]救生带

lifeblood /ˈlaifblʌd/ n.  1  the blood, as being necessary to life (维持生命所需的)血液 2  the vital factor or influence 生命的要素；生命的源泉；命根子；举足轻重的因素(影响)

lifeboat /ˈlaifbəʊt/ n.  1  a specially constructed boat launched from land to rescue those in distress at sea (岸边的)救生船 2  a ship's small boat for use in emergency (船上的)救生艇

lifeboatman /ˈlaifbəʊtmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who rescues people using a lifeboat 救生艇的水手

lifebuoy /ˈlaifbɔi/ n.  a buoyant support (usu. a ring) for keeping a person afloat in water 救生用具(通常指救生圈)

life cycle n.  the series of changes in the life of an organism including reproduction 生活周期

life expectancy n.  the average period that a person at a specified age may expect to live 预期寿命，人均寿命

life-force n.  inspiration or a driving force or influence 生命力

life form n.  an organism 生物，机体

life-giving adj.  sustaining life or uplifting and revitalizing 维持生命的；赋予生气的；恢复元气的

lifeguard /ˈlaifɡɑ:d/ n.  an expert swimmer employed to rescue bathers from drowning 救生员

Life Guards n. pl. (in the UK) a regiment of the royal Household Cavalry (英国) (皇室)近卫骑兵团

life history n.  the story of a person's life, esp. told at tedious length (尤指冗长乏味的)个人生活史

life insurance n.  insurance for a sum to be paid after a set period, or on the death of the insured person if earlier 人寿保险

life jacket n.  a buoyant or inflatable jacket for keeping a person afloat in water 救生衣

lifeless /ˈlaiflis/ adj.  1  lacking life; no longer living 无生命的；死的 2  unconscious 失去知觉的 3  lacking movement or vitality 呆板的，不活跃的；无生气的 □ lifelessly  adv.  □ lifelessness  n.   [Old English līflēas (as LIFE, -LESS)]

lifelike /ˈlaiflaik/ adj.  closely resembling the person or thing represented 像真人(真物)的，逼真的 □ lifelikeness  n.  

lifeline /ˈlaiflain/ n.  1  a  a rope etc. used for life-saving, e.g. that attached to a lifebuoy (系在救生器具上的)救生索(等)b  a diver's signalling line (潜水员的)信号绳 2  a sole means of communication or transport 重要的交通线；交通命脉 3  a fold in the palm of the hand, regarded as significant in palmistry 生命线(手相术中的掌纹) 4 Brit.  an emergency telephone counselling service [英]电话紧急咨询台

lifelong /ˈlaiflɒŋ/ adj.  lasting a lifetime 一生的，终生的，毕生的

life member n.  a person who has lifelong membership of a society etc. (协会等)终生会员

life peer n. Brit.  a peer whose title lapses on death [英]终生贵族 □ life peerage  n.  

life-preserver n.  1 Brit.  a short stick with a heavily loaded end [英]护身棍，护身手仗 2  a life jacket etc. 救生衣(救生圈等)

lifer /ˈlaifə/ n.  1 slang  a person serving a life sentence [俚语]无期徒刑罪犯 2 US  a person who serves in one of the armed services as a career [美]职业军人

life-raft n.  an inflatable or timber etc. raft for use in an emergency instead of a boat (急救时用的)救生充气筏(救生木筏等)

life-saver n. colloq. [口]  1  a thing that saves one from serious difficulty 助解脱困境之物 2 Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = LIFEGUARD 

life sciences n. pl.  biology and related subjects 生命科学(生物学及相关学科)

life sentence n.  1  a sentence of imprisonment for life 无期徒刑 2  an illness or commitment etc. perceived as a continuing threat to one's freedom 终身受罪，终身受苦(疾病或承担的任务等被看成对某人自由的持续威胁)

life-size adj. & n. (also 亦作 life-sized) ●adj.  of the same size as the person or thing represented 与真人(或实物)同样大小的 ●n. (作 life size)  this size 与真人(或实物)同样大小

lifespan /ˈlaifspæn/ n.  the length of time for which a person or creature lives, or for which a thing exists or is functional (人或其他生物的)寿命；(物的)有效使用期

lifestyle /ˈlaifstail/ n.  the particular way of life of a person or group (人或社团的)生活方式

life-support attrib. adj. (of equipment) allowing vital functions to continue in an adverse environment or during severe disablement (器械)维持生命的；保障生活的

life-support machine n. Med.  a ventilator or respirator 【医】生命维持设备；人工呼吸装置

life's work n.  a task etc. pursued throughout one's lifetime 毕生从事的工作(任务等)

life-threatening adj. (of an illness etc.) that endangers life (疾病等)危及生命的

lifetime /ˈlaiftaim/ n.  1  the duration of a person's life 一生，终身 2  the duration of a thing or its usefulness 使用期；有效期 3 colloq.  an exceptionally long time [口]特别长的时期 □ of a lifetime   such as does not occur more than once in a person's life 一生中难得的  the chance of a lifetime  千载难逢的良机 the journey of a lifetime  终身难忘的旅程

lift /lift/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, off, out, etc.)  raise or remove to a higher position 提起，抬起；向上移动 2 intr.  go up; be raised; yield to an upward force 上升；被抬起；被提起  the window will not lift  窗打不开 3 tr.  give an upward direction to (the eyes or face) 举(目)；抬(头) 4 tr.  a  elevate to a higher plane of thought or feeling 提高(思想)；鼓舞(情绪)  the news lifted their spirits  消息振奋了他们的精神b  make less heavy or dull; add interest to (something esp. artistic) 使…减少沉闷；增添(尤指艺术品)的趣味c  enhance, improve 使提高…水平；使…有起色  lifted their game after half-time  半场后，使比赛有了起色 5 intr. (of a cloud, fog, etc.) rise, disperse (云、雾等)消失，散去 6 tr.  remove (a barrier or restriction) 撤消(阻碍或限止) 7 tr.  transport (supplies, troops, etc.) by air 空运(补给品、部队等) 8 tr. colloq. [口]  a  steal 偷b  plagiarize (a passage of writing etc.) 剽窃，抄袭(文章等) 9 Phonet. 【语音】  a tr.  make louder; raise the pitch of 使响亮；提高…的音调b intr. (of the voice) rise (嗓门)提高 10 tr.  dig up (esp. potatoes etc. at harvest) 挖出(尤指收获土豆等) 11 intr. (of a floor) swell upwards, bulge (地板)鼓起；翘起 12 tr.  hold or have on high 使竖起；使高耸  the church lifts its spire  教堂的尖顶高高耸立 13 tr.  hit (a cricket ball) into the air 将(板球)击到空中，将(板球)挑起 14 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  perform cosmetic surgery on (esp. the face or breasts) to reduce sagging (为减少松弛下垂，尤指)给(脸部)做除皱手术；给(乳房)做隆胸手术 ●n.  1  the act of lifting or process of being lifted 提；抬；举 2  a free ride in another person's vehicle (免费)搭乘车  gave them a lift  让他们搭车 3  a Brit.  a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering persons or things to different floors of a building or different levels of a mine etc. [英]电梯；(矿井等的)升降机，吊车b  a similar apparatus for carrying persons up or down a mountain etc. (see 见 SKI LIFT) (上下山等用的)缆车 4  a  transport by air (see 见 AIRLIFT n.) 空运b  a quantity of goods transported by air 空运的货物量 5  the upward pressure which air exerts on an aerofoil to counteract the force of gravity (作用于机翼上的)上升力 6  a supporting or elevating influence; a feeling of elation 鼓舞；振奋 7  a layer of leather in the heel of a boot or shoe, esp. to correct shortening of a leg or increase height 鞋的后跟皮(尤指为纠正跛腿及增加身高) 8  a  a rise in the level of the ground 土丘，隆起的地面b  the extent to which water rises in a canal lock (运河水闸)水位提升高度 □ lift down  Brit.  pick up and bring to a lower position [英]抬下来□ lift a finger (or hand etc.)  (in neg. 用于否定句)  make the slightest effort 尽一点力，尽举手之劳  didn't lift a finger to help  一点忙也不帮□ lift off  (of a spacecraft or rocket) rise from the launching pad (航天器或火箭)发射，升空□ lift up one's head   hold one's head high with pride 高傲地昂着头，欢欣鼓舞□ lift up one's voice   sing out 放声唱歌，高声疾呼□ liftable  adj.  □ lifter  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse lypta, from Germanic]

lift-off n.  the vertical take-off of a spacecraft or rocket (航天器或火箭的)发射，升空

lig /liɡ/ v. intr. (ligged, ligging) slang  idle, loaf; sponge, freeload [俚语]闲逛，虚度光阴；吃白食，揩油 □ ligger  n.   [dialect variant of LIE1]

ligament /ˈliɡəm(ə)nt/ n.  1 Anat. 【解】  a  a short band of tough flexible fibrous connective tissue linking bones together 韧带b  any membranous fold keeping an organ in position 固定器官的膜褶 2 archaic  a bond of union [古义]联合的纽带 □ ligamental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ ligamentary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  □ ligamentous  /-ˈmentəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin ligamentum ‘bond’, from ligare ‘bind’]

ligand /ˈliɡ(ə)nd/ n.  1 Chem.  an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by covalent bonding in which both electrons are supplied by one atom 【化】向心配合(价)体 2 Biochem.  a molecule that binds to another (usu. larger) molecule 【生化】配位体 [Latin ligandus, gerundive of ligare ‘bind’]

ligate /liˈɡeit/ v. tr. Surgery  tie up (a bleeding artery etc.) 【外科】结扎(出血动脉等) □ ligation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin ligare ligat-]

ligature /ˈliɡətʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tie or bandage, esp. in surgery for a bleeding artery etc. (尤指外科在处理出血动脉等时用的)结扎线；绷带 2 Mus.  a slur; a tie 【音】连(接)线 3 Printing  two or more letters joined, e.g. œ 【印刷】连字(如 œ) 4  a bond; a thing that unites 连结；连结物 5  the act of tying or binding 结扎；绑扎 ●v. tr.  bind or connect with a ligature 结扎；绑扎 [Middle English via Late Latin ligatura from Latin ligare ligat- ‘tie, bind’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DIGRAPH. 见 DIGRAPH 的用法说明。 

liger /ˈlaiɡə/ n.  the offspring of a lion and a tigress (cf. 参见 TIGON) (雄狮和雌虎生的)狮虎 [portmanteau word from LION + TIGER]

light1 /lait/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the natural agent (electromagnetic radiation of wavelength between about 390 and 740 nm) that stimulates sight and makes things visible 可见光(波长为 390 至 740 毫微米的电磁辐射)  step into the light  走进有光的地方 just enough light to see  光线正好，能看清楚 2  the medium or condition of the space in which this is present 光，亮光 3  an appearance of brightness 光亮  saw a distant light  见到远处的光亮 4  a  a source of light, e.g. the sun, or a lamp, fire, etc. 光源(如太阳、灯、火等)b (in pl. 用复数)  illuminations (装饰用的)彩灯 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a traffic light 交通信号灯  went through a red light  穿过红灯 stop at the lights  在红绿灯前停住 6  a  the amount or quality of illumination in a place 照明度，亮度  bad light stopped play  光线太差停止比赛b  one's fair or usual share of this 光线  you are standing in my light  你站着挡住了我的光线 7  a  a flame or spark serving to ignite (如火焰、火花)导火物  struck a light  擦火柴b  a device producing this 点火器  have you got a light?  你有火儿吗？ 8  the aspect in which a thing is regarded or considered (观察的)角度；眼光；方式  appeared in a new light  以新的方式出现 9  a  mental illumination; elucidation, enlightenment 启发；解释；开导b  hope, happiness; a happy outcome 希望，欣喜，欣喜的结果c  spiritual illumination by divine truth 神理的启迪，神的启示 10  vivacity, enthusiasm, or inspiration visible in a person's face, esp. in the eyes (脸部)快活，热情；鼓舞的表情；(尤指眼中)容光 11 (in pl. 用复数)  a person's mental powers or ability 智力；智能  according to one's lights  根据某人的智能 12  an eminent person 杰出人物，名人  a leading light  巨星，巨擘 13  a  the bright part of a thing; a highlight (物体的)明亮部分；最显著的部分b  the bright parts of a picture etc. esp. suggesting illumination (尤指画等的)明亮部分  light and shade  明亮部分和阴暗部分 14  a  a window or opening in a wall to let light in 窗户；(墙体上的)采光孔b  the perpendicular division of a mullioned window 直棂窗的竖隔c  a pane of glass esp. in the side or roof of a greenhouse (尤指暖房四周和房顶的)窗玻璃 15 Brit. (in a crossword etc.) each of the items filling a space and to be deduced from the clues [英] (纵横填字谜等的)所填谜底 16 Law  the light falling on windows, the obstruction of which by a neighbour is illegal 【法律】采光权(邻居无权遮住照到他人窗户的光线) ●v. (past lit /lit/; past part. lit or (作 attrib.) lighted)  1 tr. & intr.  set burning or begin to burn; ignite 点燃；着火；点火 2 tr.  provide with light or lighting; illuminate 照亮；照耀；使明亮 3 tr.  show (a person) the way or surroundings with a light 用灯给(人)照亮路(或周围) 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) (of the face or eyes) brighten with animation, pleasure, etc. (脸部表情或眼神)流露喜色(容光焕发等) ●adj.  1  well provided with light; not dark 光线充足的；明亮的 2 (of a colour) pale (颜色)淡的  light blue  淡蓝色 a light blue ribbon  浅蓝色的绶带 □ bring (or come) to light   reveal or be revealed 揭露；显露□ in a good (or bad) light   giving a favourable (or unfavourable) impression 留下好的(或差的)印象□ in (the) light of   having regard to; drawing information from 考虑到，当作；由于，鉴于□ light of one's life  usu. joc.  a much loved person [通常诙]心爱的人□ light up   1 colloq.  begin to smoke a cigarette etc. [口]点烟(等)抽 2  provide with lights or lighting; illuminate (a scene etc.) 照亮；使(场地等)明亮□ lit up  colloq.  drunk [口]喝醉了□ out like a light   deeply asleep or unconscious 昏睡不醒；失去知觉□ throw (or shed) light on   help to explain 使明白，使有启发□ lightish  adj.  □ lightless  adj.  □ lightness  n.   [Old English lēoht, līht, līhtan, from Germanic]

light2 /lait/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  of little weight; not heavy; easy to lift 轻的；不重的；易于搬运的 2  a  relatively low in weight, amount, density, intensity, etc. 微轻的，微少的，微稀少的，微轻度的(等)  light arms  轻武器 light traffic  稀疏的车流量 light metal  轻金属 light rain  小雨 a light breeze  轻风b  deficient in weight 分量不足的  light coin  轻质硬币c (of an isotope etc.) having not more than the usual mass (同位素等)低于通常质量的 3  a  carrying or suitable for small loads 载重轻的；适合轻载的  light aircraft  轻型飞机 light railway  轻便铁路b (of a ship) unladen (船舶)空载的c  carrying only light arms, armaments, etc. 装备轻(武器等)的  light brigade  轻装备旅 light infantry  轻步兵d (of a locomotive) with no train attached (火车头)不挂列车的 4  a (of food, a meal, etc.) small in amount; easy to digest (食品、饭餐等)量少的；易消化的  had a light lunch  吃便餐b (of a foodstuff) low in fat, cholesterol, or sugar, etc. (食品)清淡的；(脂肪、胆固醇、糖分等)低的c (of drink) not heavy on the stomach or not strongly alcoholic (指饮料)对胃的负担小的；酒精浓度低的 5  a (of entertainment, music, etc.) intended for amusement, rather than edification; not profound (娱乐、音乐等)娱乐性的，消遣的；轻松的b  frivolous, thoughtless, trivial 轻浮的；轻率的；意义不大的  a light remark  轻描淡写的评论 6 (of sleep or a sleeper) easily disturbed (睡眠、睡者)睡眠浅的，易惊醒的 7  easily borne or done 容易承担的；容易做的  light duties  轻松的任务 8  nimble; quick-moving 灵巧的，轻盈的  a light step  轻快的步伐 light of foot  步履轻盈 a light rhythm  轻快的节奏 9 (of a building etc.) graceful, elegant, delicate (建筑物等)精致的；优美的；雅致的 10 (of type) not heavy or bold (铅字)字体纤细的 11  a  free from sorrow; cheerful 心情轻松的；愉快的  a light heart  轻松愉快的心情b  giddy 头晕目眩的  light in the head  头晕 12 (of soil) not dense; porous (土壤)轻质的；疏松的 13 (of pastry, a sponge cake, etc.) fluffy and well-aerated during cooking and with the fat fully absorbed (糕点，松软蛋糕等)发酵好的；松软的；油脂吸收充分的 14 archaic (of a woman) unchaste or wanton; fickle [古义] (女人)淫荡的，放纵的；轻浮的 ●adv.  1  in a light manner 轻轻地，轻快地  tread light  轻轻地踩 sleep light  睡得不沉 2  with a minimum load or minimum luggage 轻载的；轻装地  travel light  轻装旅行 ●v. intr. (past and past part. lit /lit/ or lighted)  1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  come upon or find by chance 突(偶)然碰到；偶而发现 2 archaic [古义]  a  alight, descend 下马，下车b (foll. by 后跟 on)  land on (shore etc.) 停落，降落(在岸上等) □ light into  colloq.  attack [口]攻击□ light out  colloq.  depart [口]离开，离去□ make light of   treat as unimportant 轻视□ make light work of   do a thing quickly and easily 很轻松地做某事□ lightish  adj.  □ lightness  n.   [Old English lēoht, līht, līhtan, from Germanic, the verbal sense from the idea of relieving a horse etc. of weight]

light air n. Meteorol.  a very light wind, force 1 on the Beaufort scale (1 － 3 m.p.h.) 【气】轻风 1 级 (1-3 米 / 小时)

light bulb n.  a glass bulb containing an inert gas and a metal filament, providing light when an electric current is passed through 灯泡

light-emitting diode  see 见 LED 

lighten1 /ˈlait(ə)n/ v.  1  a tr. & intr.  make or become lighter in weight 使变轻；变轻b tr.  reduce the weight or load of 减轻(重量或负载) 2 tr.  bring relief to (the heart, mind, etc.) 使(心境、心情等)轻松，使愉快 3 tr.  mitigate (a penalty) 减轻(处罚)

lighten2 /ˈlait(ə)n/ v.  1  a tr.  shed light on 照亮b tr. & intr.  make or grow lighter or brighter (使)变得明亮 2 intr.  a  shine brightly; flash 发亮；闪光b  emit lightning 打闪  it is lightening  在打闪

lightening /ˈlait(ə)niŋ/ n.  a drop in the level of the womb during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the foetus engages in the pelvis 孕腹轻松感(怀孕最后几周，胎儿头入骨盆，子宫下降所致的感觉)

lighter1 /ˈlaitə/ n.  a device for lighting cigarettes etc. (抽烟等用的)打火机，点火器

lighter2 /ˈlaitə/ n.  a boat, usu. flat-bottomed, for transferring goods from a ship to a wharf or another ship (通常指平底)驳船 [Middle English from Middle Dutch lichter (as LIGHT2 in the sense ‘unload’)]

lighterage /ˈlait(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the transference of cargo by means of a lighter 驳运 2  a charge made for this 驳运费

lighterman /ˈlaitəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who works on a lighter 驳船船员

lighter-than-air attrib. adj. (of an aircraft) weighing less than the air it displaces (飞机)轻于空气的

lightfast /ˈlaitfɑ:st/ adj. (of a dye, pigment, etc.) resistant to alteration on exposure to light (染料、颜料等)耐光的，耐晒的 □ lightfastness  n.  

light-fingered adj.  given to stealing 惯于偷窃的

light flyweight n.  1  a weight in amateur boxing up to 48 kg 业余拳击次特轻量级 (48 公斤级) 2  an amateur boxer of this weight 次特轻量级 (48 公斤级)业余拳击选手

light-footed adj.  nimble 步履轻盈的 □ light-footedly  adv.  

light-gun var.  of LIGHT-PEN  LIGHT-PEN 的变体

light-headed adj.  giddy, frivolous, delirious 头晕目眩的；轻浮的；神志不清的 □ light-headedly  adv.  □ light-headedness  n.  

light-hearted adj.  1  cheerful 愉快的 2 (unduly) casual, thoughtless (过度)漫不经心的，不经意的 □ light-heartedly  adv.  □ light-heartedness  n.  

light heavyweight n.  1  the weight in some sports between middleweight and heavyweight, in the amateur boxing scale 75 － 81 kg also called 亦称作 CRUISERWEIGHT 次重量级(在有些运动项目中介于中量级与重量级之间，在业余拳击比赛中为 75 至 81 公斤级) 2  a sportsman of this weight 次重量级选手

lighthouse /ˈlaithaʊs/ n.  a tower or other structure containing a beacon light to warn or guide ships at sea 灯塔

light industry n.  the manufacture of small or light articles 轻工业

lighting /ˈlaitiŋ/ n.  1  equipment in a room or street etc. for producing light 照明设备 2  the arrangement or effect of lights 布光；灯光效果

lighting-up time n. Brit.  the time during or after which vehicles on the road must show the prescribed lights [英] (车辆)上灯时间

lightly /ˈlaitli/ adv.  in a light (esp. frivolous or unserious) manner 轻轻地；满不在乎地(尤指轻浮地、轻率地) □ get off lightly   escape with little or no punishment 从轻处罚；逃过重罚□ take lightly   not be serious about (a thing) 对(事)不以为然

light meter n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of the light, esp. to show the correct photographic exposure 测光表(尤指摄影曝光表)

light middleweight n.  1  a weight in amateur boxing of 67 － 71 kg 次中量级(业余拳击中的 67 至 71 公斤级) 2  an amateur boxer of this weight 次中量级业余拳击手

lightning /ˈlaitniŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a flash of bright light produced by an electric discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground 闪电 ●attrib. adj.  very quick 闪电般的  with lightning speed  以闪电般的速度 [Middle English, differentiated from lightening, verbal noun from LIGHTEN2]

lightning bug n. N. Amer.  a firefly [北美]萤火虫

lightning conductor n. (US [美] lightning rod)  a metal rod or wire fixed to an exposed part of a building or to a mast to divert lightning into the earth or sea 避雷针

lightning strike n. Brit.  a strike by workers at short notice, esp. without official union backing [英]闪电式的罢工

light of day n.  1  daylight, sunlight 日光，阳光 2  general notice; public attention 光天化日；众目睽睽

light-pen n. (also 亦作 light-gun)  1  a penlike or gunlike photosensitive device held to the screen of a computer terminal for passing information on to it 光笔 2  a light-emitting device used for reading bar codes 读码器

light pollution n.  excessive brightening of the night sky by street lights etc. (路灯等的)光污染

lightproof /ˈlaitpru:f/ adj.  able to resist the harmful effects of (esp. excessive) light 不透光的，挡光的(尤指挡过量光线)

light railway n.  a railway constructed for light traffic 轻型铁路，轻型铁轨

lights /laits/ n. pl.  the lungs of sheep, pigs, bullocks, etc., used as a food esp. for pets (羊猪牛等的)肺脏(尤指用作宠物的食品) [Middle English, use of LIGHT2 as a noun, so named because of their lightness: cf. LUNG]

lightship /ˈlaitʃip/ n.  a moored or anchored ship with a beacon light 灯(塔)船

light show n.  a display of changing coloured lights for entertainment (娱乐场所的)光影变幻表演

lightsome /ˈlaits(ə)m/ adj.  1  gracefully light; nimble 轻盈的；轻快的 2  merry 愉快的 □ lightsomely  adv.  □ lightsomeness  n.  

light touch n.  delicate or tactful treatment 得体的处理，巧妙的处理

lightweight /ˈlaitweit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person, animal, garment, etc.) of below average weight (人、动物、服装等)低于平均重量的 2  of little importance or influence 无足轻重的；微不足道的 ●n.  1  a lightweight person, animal, or thing 低于平均重量的人(动物或物体) 2  a  a weight in certain sports intermediate between featherweight and welterweight, in the amateur boxing scale 57 － 60 kg but differing for professional boxers, wrestlers, and weightlifters 轻量级(有些运动项目介于次轻量级与次中量级之间，在业余拳击中为 57 至 60 公斤级，但它不同于职业拳击选手、摔跤选手和举重运动员)b  a boxer etc. of this weight 轻量级拳击手(等)

light welterweight n.  1  a weight in amateur boxing of 60 － 63.5 kg 轻中量级(业余拳击中 60 至 63.5 公斤级) 2  an amateur boxer of this weight 轻中量级业余拳击手

lightwood /ˈlaitwʊd/ n.  1  a tree with a light wood 轻质木材树 2 US  wood or a tree with wood that burns with a bright flame [美]易燃木材，易燃木材树

light year n.  1 Astron.  the distance light travels in one year, nearly 6 million million miles 【天】光年(约 60,000 亿英里) 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a long distance or great amount [口]极遥远的距离；极久远的时间

ligneous /ˈliɡniəs/ adj.  1 (of a plant) woody (opp. 反义 HERBACEOUS) (指植物)木本的 2  of the nature of wood 木质的 [Latin ligneus (as LIGNI-)]

ligni- /ˈliɡni/ comb. form  wood [构词成分]木 [Latin lignum ‘wood’]

lignify /ˈliɡnifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied) Bot.  make or become woody by the deposition of lignin 【植】(使)木质化

lignin /ˈliɡnin/ n. Bot.  a complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants making them rigid and woody 【植】木质素 [as LIGNI- + -IN]

lignite /ˈliɡnait/ n.  a soft brown coal showing traces of plant structure, intermediate between bituminous coal and peat 褐煤 □ lignitic  /-ˈnitik/ adj.   [French (as LIGNI-, -ITE1)]

lignocaine /ˈliɡnəkein/ n. Pharm.  a local anaesthetic for the gums, mucous membranes, or skin, usu. given by injection Also called 亦称作 lidocaine 【药】利多卡因(通常为局部麻醉针剂) [ligno- (as LIGNI-) for XYLO- + COCA + -INE4]

lignum vitae /liɡnəm ˈvaiti:, ˈvi:tai/ n.  = GUAIACUM 2a  [Latin, = wood of life]

ligroin /ˈliɡrəʊin/ n. Chem.  a volatile hydrocarbon mixture obtained from petroleum and used as a solvent 【化】石油醚，里格若英(从石油中得到的烃混合物，可用作溶剂) [19th c.: origin unknown]

ligulate /ˈliɡjʊlət/ adj. Bot.  having strap-shaped florets 【植】有舌叶的 [LIGULE + -ATE2]

ligule /ˈliɡju:l/ n. Bot.  a narrow projection from the top of the sheath which encloses a leaf of a grass 【植】舌叶 [Latin ligula ‘strap, spoon’ from lingere ‘lick’]

ligustrum /liˈɡʌstrəm/ n.  = PRIVET  [Latin]

likable var.  of LIKEABLE  LIKEABLE 的变体

like1 /laik/ adj., prep., adv., conj. & n. ●adj. (often governing a noun as if a transitive participle such as resembling 像及物动词的分词一样常支配名词，如 resembling) (more like, most like)  1  a  having some or all of the qualities of another or each other or an original; alike 相似的，相同的  in like manner  以相同的方式 as like as two peas  一模一样 is very like her brother  很像她的兄弟b  resembling in some way, such as; in the same class as 相像的，诸如此类的；与…类似的  good writers like Dickens  像狄更斯那样的优秀作家c (usu. in pairs correlatively 通常相关地配成对)  as one is so will the other be 有此及彼  like mother, like daughter  有其母必有其女 2  characteristic of 有…特性的  it is not like them to be late  不要像他们那样迟到 3  in a suitable state or mood for (doing or having something) (做某事或拥有某物)在适宜的状态(或气氛)中的  felt like working  想要干活 felt like a cup of tea  想喝杯茶 ●prep.  in the manner of; to the same degree as 以…方式；与…程度相同，同…一样  drink like a fish  像鱼一样喝水 sell like hot cakes  畅销 acted like an idiot  行为像白痴一样 ●adv.  1 archaic  likely [古义]可能  they will come, like enough  他们多半会来 2 archaic  in the same manner [古义]像…似地 foll. by 后跟 as: sang like as a nightingale  像夜莺似地歌唱 3 slang  so to speak [俚语]可以说，也就是说，简直是  did a quick getaway, like  简直是连奔带跑地溜之大吉 as I said, like, I'm no Shakespeare  正如我说过的，也就是说，我不是莎士比亚 4 colloq.  likely, probably [口]可能，大概  as like as not  很可能 ●conj. colloq. disp. [口] [异议]  1  as 像…那样，如同  cannot do it like you do  做不到像你那样 2  as if 好像  ate like they were starving  像饿死鬼一样吃，狼吞虎咽 ●n.  1  a counterpart; an equal; a similar person or thing 相对应的人(或物)；相等同的人(或物)；相似的人(或物)  shall not see its like again  将不再见到与此相同的东西 compare like with like  相似的东西相比 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a thing or things of the same kind 同类  will never do the like again  再也不会做此类事情 □ and the like   and similar things; et cetera 诸如此类；等等  music, painting, and the like  音乐、绘画等□ be nothing like  (usu. with compl. 通常与补语连用)  be in no way similar or comparable or adequate 一点也不像；无法比得上；不足；没有那么多□ like anything   see 见 ANYTHING □ like (or as like) as not  colloq.  probably [口]很可能；大概□ like so  colloq.  like this; in this manner [口]像这样；照这种方式□ the likes of  colloq.  a person such as [口]像这样的人□ more like it  colloq.  nearer what is required [口]与要求相差不远，更符合要求□ of like (or of a like) mind   = LIKE-MINDED □ what is he (or she or it etc.) like?   what sort of characteristics does he (or she, or it, etc.) have? 是什么样的人？是什么样的东西？  [Middle English līc, līk, shortened form of Old English gelīc ALIKE]■Usage 用法说明 When like means ‘such as’ (see sense 1b of the adjective), some people prefer such as to be used in formal contexts when more than one example is mentioned, e.g. good writers such as Dickens, Shakespeare, and Hardy. 当 like 意思为“与 … 类似的”(见形容词释义 1b) 时，有人喜欢把它用于正式文体的上下文中，以列举多个例子，如 good writers such as Dickens, Shakespeare, and Hardy (优秀作家，如狄更斯、莎士比亚、哈代等)。 The use of like as a conjunction, e.g. He did it like he'd never done it before, is often condemned and is therefore best avoided by using instead as or as if as appropriate. 当 like 用作连词时，如 : He did it like he'd never done it before (他做此事的样子，像从未做过似的)常遭到非议，最好尽量避免之，由 as 或 as if 取代它显得恰当些。 

like2 /laik/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  find agreeable or enjoyable or satisfactory 喜欢，喜爱；爱好  like reading  喜欢看书 like the sea  喜欢大海 like to dance  爱好跳舞b  be fond of (a person) 喜欢(某人) 2  a  choose to have; prefer 愿意，喜好  like my coffee black  喜爱喝不加牛奶的咖啡 do not like such things discussed  不愿意讨论这种事情b  wish for or be inclined to 想要；希望；倾向于  would like a cup of tea  想要一杯茶 should like to come  想来 3 (usu. in interrog. 通常用于疑问句 ; prec. by 前接 how)  feel about; regard (对某事)感觉如何；将…视为  how would you like it if it happened to you?  如果此事发生在你身上，你感觉如何？ ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the things one likes or prefers 喜欢(或想要)的东西 □ I like that!  iron.  as an exclamation expressing affront [讽]亏你说得出口！(冒犯性的惊叹句)□ like it or not  colloq.  whether it is acceptable or not [口]不管喜欢与否 [Old English līcian, from Germanic]

-like /laik/ comb. form  forming adjectives from nouns, meaning ‘similar to, characteristic of’ comb.form (doglike 像狗似的 ; shell-like 像贝壳似的 ; tortoise-like 像乌龟似的) [构词成分] (与名词一起构成形容词)像…似的；具有…特点的■Usage 用法说明 In formations intended as nonce-words, or not generally current, the hyphen should be used. It may be omitted when the first element is of one syllable, but nouns in -l always require it. 构成临时性的词，或非通用的词，需要用连字符。当第一部分是单音节时，连字符可以省去，但是以 -l 结尾的名词，连字号不可省。 

likeable /ˈlaikəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 likable)  pleasant; easy to like 可爱的；讨人喜欢的 □ likeability  n.  □ likeableness  n.  □ likeably  /-bli/ adv.  

likelihood /ˈlaiklihʊd/ n.  probability; the state or fact of being likely 可能性；可能，可能的事 □ in all likelihood   very probably 极大可能

likely /ˈlaikli/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (likelier, likeliest)  1  probable; such as well might happen or be true 可能的；可能发生的，可能成为事实的  it is not likely that they will come  他们不可能会来 the most likely place is London  最可能的地点是伦敦 a likely story  编造得倒挺像的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  to be reasonably expected 预期的，有理由相信的  he is not likely to come now  他这会儿不见得会来 3  promising; apparently suitable 有希望的；似乎恰当的  three likely lads  三个有出息的青年 this is a likely spot  这是个合适的地点 ●adv.  probably 很可能  is very likely true  很可能是真实的 □ as likely as not   probably 很可能□ not likely!  colloq.  certainly not; I refuse [口]当然不会；决不可能□ likeliness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse líkligr (as LIKE1, -LY1)]■Usage 用法说明 When used as an adverb, likely must be preceded by more, most, or very. Use without the qualifying adverb is standard only in American English, e.g.They'll likely not come. 当 likely 用作副词时，其前必须接 more 、 most 或 very 。不加限定副词的是美式英语，例如 : They'll likely not come (他们不大可能会来)。 

like-minded adj.  having the same tastes, opinions, etc. 志趣相投的，气味相投的，想法相同的 □ like-mindedly  adv.  □ like-mindedness  n.  

liken /ˈlaik(ə)n/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  point out the resemblance of (a person or thing to another) 把(某人、某物)比作… [Middle English, from LIKE1 + -EN1]

likeness /ˈlaiknis/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 between, to)  resemblance 相似 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a semblance or guise 外表相似；伪装  in the likeness of a ghost  装得像鬼 3  a portrait or representation 肖像；图像  is a good likeness  很像的肖像 [Old English gelīknes (as LIKE1, -NESS)]

likewise /ˈlaikwaiz/ adv.  1  also, moreover, too 也，又，亦 2  similarly 同样，照样  do likewise  照着办 [for in like wise]

liking /ˈlaikiŋ/ n.  1  what one likes; one's taste 喜欢之物；合心意，配胃口  is it to your liking?  是否投你所好？ 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  regard or fondness; taste or fancy 兴趣，爱好；嗜好，喜爱  had a liking for toffee  爱吃太妃糖 [Old English līcung (as LIKE2, -ING1)]

lilac /ˈlailək/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any shrub or small tree of the genus Syringa, esp. S. vulgaris with fragrant pale pinkish-violet or white blossoms 丁香属植物(尤指西洋丁香) 2  a pale pinkish-violet colour 粉紫色，丁香紫 ●adj.  of this colour 粉紫色的，丁香紫色的 [obsolete French via Spanish and Arabic līlɑˉk from Persian līlak, variant of nīlak ‘bluish’ from nīl ‘blue’]

liliaceous /liliˈeiʃəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the family Liliaceae of plants with elongated leaves growing from a corm, bulb, or rhizome, e.g. tulip, lily, or onion 百合科的 2  lily-like 似百合的 [Late Latin liliaceus from Latin lilium ‘lily’]

Lilian /ˈliliən/   莉莲 [人名]

Lillian /ˈliliən/   莉莲 [人名]

lilliputian /liliˈpju:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a diminutive person or thing 小人国的人(或物) ●adj.  diminutive 小人国的，小型的，微型的 [the imaginary country of Lilliput in Swift's Gulliver's Travels, inhabited by people 6 inches (15 cm) high]

Lilo /ˈlailəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 Li-lo propr. [商标]) (pl. -os) Brit.  a type of inflatable mattress [英]充气垫 [alteration of lie low]

lilt /lilt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a light springing rhythm or step 轻快的节奏(或步子)b  a song or tune marked by this 节奏轻快的歌曲(乐曲) 2 (of the voice) a characteristic cadence or inflection; a pleasant accent 抑扬顿挫的声调；有感染力的声调；欢快的口音(腔调) ●v. intr. (esp. as 尤作 lilting adj.)  move or speak etc. with a lilt 欢快地跳动，连走带跳；用欢快的声调说话  a lilting step  轻快的步子 a lilting melody  欢快的曲调 [Middle English lilte, lülte, of unknown origin]

Lily /ˈlili/   莉莉 [人名]

lily /ˈlili/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  any bulbous plant of the genus Lilium (family Liliaceae), with large trumpet-shaped often spotted flowers on a tall slender stem, e.g. the madonna lily and tiger lily 百合属植物(如白百合，卷丹)b  any of various plants of similar appearance, e.g. the arum lily 类似百合属的植物(如马蹄莲)c  the water lily 睡莲 2  a person or thing of special whiteness or purity 洁白无瑕的人(或物) 3  a heraldic fleur-de-lis 鸢尾纹章 4 (作 attrib.)  a  delicately white 洁白的  a lily hand  洁白如玉的手b  pallid 苍白的 □ lilied  adj.   [Old English lilie from Latin lilium, probably from Greek leirion]

lily-livered adj.  cowardly 胆小的，懦弱的

lily of the valley n.  any plant of the genus Convallaria (lily family), with oval leaves in pairs and racemes of white bell-shaped fragrant flowers 铃兰(百合科)

lily pad n.  a floating leaf of a water lily (飘浮水上的)睡莲叶

lily-trotter n.  a jacana, esp. an African one (尤指非洲)水雉

lily white n. & adj. ●n.  a pure white colour 纯白色，洁白色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  of this colour 纯白的，洁白的 2  faultless 无瑕的

Lima /ˈli:mə/ n.  利马 [秘鲁首都]

lima bean /ˈli:mə/ n.  1  a tropical American bean plant, Phaseolus limensis, having large flat white edible seeds 利马豆荚植物 2  the seed of this plant 利马豆，白扁豆 [Lima, the capital of Peru]

limb1 /lim/ n.  1  a projecting part of a person's or animal's body such as an arm, leg, or wing 手臂，腿；肢；翅膀 2  a large branch of a tree 树的大枝 3  a branch of a cross 十字架的架支 4  a spur of a mountain 山嘴，山鼻子 5 Brit.  a clause of a sentence [英]从句 □ out on a limb   1  isolated, stranded 处于孤立无援的境地 2  at a disadvantage 处于不利的地位，处于困境□ tear limb from limb   violently dismember 撕裂…的肢体；折毁□ with life and limb  (esp. escape) without grave injury (尤指逃跑)未带致命的伤势□ limbed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ limbless  adj.   [Old English lim, from Germanic]

limb2 /lim/ n.  1  a Astron.  a specified edge of the sun, moon, etc. 【天】(日、月等天体的)边缘  eastern limb  天体东缘 lower limb  天体下缘b  the graduated edge of a quadrant etc. (四分仪等的)分度弧 2 Bot.  the broad part of a petal, sepal, or leaf 【植】瓣片，萼檐，叶的宽部 [French limbe or Latin limbus ‘hem, border’]

limber1 /ˈlimbə/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  lithe, agile, nimble 易弯曲的，机敏的，敏捷的 2  flexible 灵活的 ●v. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  1 tr.  make (oneself or a part of the body etc.) supple 活动(身体或身体某部位)，使(身体或身体某部位)灵活 2 intr.  warm up in preparation for athletic etc. activity 做准备运动；做热身运动 □ limberness  n.   [16th c.: origin uncertain]

limber2 /ˈlimbə/ n. & v. ●n.  the detachable front part of a gun carriage, consisting of two wheels, axle, pole, and ammunition box 炮车的(拖车) ●v.  1 tr.  attach a limber to (a gun etc.) 把(火炮等)挂在拖车上 2 intr.  fasten together the two parts of a gun carriage 把炮车和拖车挂在一起 [Middle English limo(u)r, apparently related to medieval Latin limonarius from limo -onis ‘shaft’]

limbic /ˈlimbik/ adj.  of or relating to a part of the brain concerned with basic emotions and instinctive actions 脑边缘系统的，与脑边缘系统相关的 [French limbique, from Latin limbus ‘edge’]

limbo1 /ˈlimbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (in some Christian beliefs) the supposed abode of the souls of unbaptized infants, and of the just who died before Christ (在某些基督教义中)地狱的边缘(为基督降生前死去的未受洗礼幼儿和善良人灵魂的居所) 2  an intermediate state or condition of awaiting a decision etc. (等待决定的)中间过渡状态 3  prison, confinement 监狱，拘禁 4  a state of neglect or oblivion 被忽略(被遗忘)的状态 [Middle English from the medieval Latin phrase in limbo, from limbus: see LIMB2]

limbo2 /ˈlimbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a W. Indian dance in which the dancer bends backwards to pass under a horizontal bar which is progressively lowered to a position just above the ground 林波舞(西印度群岛的一种舞蹈，舞者向后弯腰钻过逐次降低到离地面很近的横竿) [W. Indian word, perhaps = LIMBER1]

Limburger /ˈlimbɜ:ɡə/ n.  a soft white cheese with a characteristic strong smell, originally made in Limburg 林堡奶酪(白色软奶酪，有种特别的浓烈气味) [Dutch and German, from Limburg, a province in Belgium]

lime1 /laim/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 quicklime)  a white caustic alkaline substance (calcium oxide) obtained by heating limestone and used for making mortar or as a fertilizer or bleach etc. (生)石灰 2 (in full 全称 slaked lime)  a white substance (calcium hydroxide) made by adding water to quicklime, used esp. in cement 熟石灰 3  calcium or calcium salts, esp. calcium carbonate in soil etc. (土壤等中的)钙和钙盐(尤指碳酸钙) 4 archaic [古义]  = BIRDLIME  ●v. tr.  1  treat (wood, skins, land, etc.) with lime 用石灰(水)处理(树木、兽皮、土地等) 2 archaic  catch (a bird etc.) with birdlime [古义] (用粘鸟胶)逮(鸟等) □ limeless  adj.  □ limy  adj. (limier, limiest)   [Old English līm from Germanic: related to LOAM]

lime2 /laim/ n.  1  a  a rounded citrus fruit like a lemon but greener, smaller, and more acid 酸橙(似柠檬，但更绿，更小，更酸)b (in full 全称 lime tree)  the tree, Citrus aurantifolia, bearing this 酸橙树 2 (in full 全称 lime juice)  the juice of limes as a drink and formerly given to prevent scurvy on long sea voyages 酸橙汁(一种饮料，旧时在海上长距离航行时用来预防坏血病) 3  = LIME GREEN  [French via modern Provençal limo, Spanish lima from Arabic līma: cf. LEMON]

lime3 /laim/ n.  1 (in full 全称 lime tree)  any ornamental tree of the genus Tilia, esp. T. europaea with heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow blossom; also called LINDEN 椴树(尤指欧椴) 2  the wood of this 椴树的木材 [alteration of line = Old English lind = LINDEN]

lime green n. & adj. ●n.  a bright pale green colour like that of a lime (see 见 LIME2 1a) 酸橙的绿色，鲜明的淡绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 酸橙绿的，鲜淡绿色的

limekiln /ˈlaimkiln/ n.  a kiln for heating limestone to produce quicklime 石灰窑

limelight /ˈlaimlait/ n.  1  an intense white light obtained by heating a cylinder of lime in an oxyhydrogen flame, used formerly in theatres 石灰光，石灰光灯(从前用于舞台照明) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the full glare of publicity; the focus of attention 公众注目的中心；关注的焦点

limepit /ˈlaimpit/ n.  a pit containing lime for steeping hides to remove hair (浸泡皮革去毛用的)石灰池

limerick /ˈlim(ə)rik/ n.  a humorous or comic form of five-line poem with a rhyme scheme aabba 幽默风趣的五行打油诗(按 aabba 押韵) [said to be from the chorus ‘will you come up to Limerick?’ sung between improvised verses at a gathering: from Limerick, a town and county in Ireland]

limestone /ˈlaimstəʊn/ n. Geol.  a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate, used as building material and in the making of cement 【地质】石灰岩

limewash /ˈlaimwɒʃ/ n.  a mixture of lime and water for coating walls 石灰浆

lime water n.  an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide used esp. to detect the presence of carbon dioxide 石灰水，氢氧化钙溶液(尤用于检测二氧化碳)

Limey /ˈlaimi/ n. (pl. -eys) N. Amer. slang offens.  a British person (originally a sailor) or ship [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]英国佬(原先为英国水手)；英国船 [LIME2, because of the former enforced consumption of lime juice in the British Navy]

liminal /ˈlimin(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or relating to a transitional or initial stage (有关)过渡阶段的；(有关)开始阶段的b  marginal, insignificant 边际的，不重要的 2  occupying a position on, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold 据边缘的；骑墙的 □ liminality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.   [Latin limin-, limen ‘threshold’ + -AL]

limit /ˈlimit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a point, line, or level beyond which something does not or may not extend or pass 限制，限度，极限 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  the boundary of an area 界线，界限，范围 3  the greatest or smallest amount permissible or possible 限额，限量  upper limit  上限 lower limit  下限 4 Math.  a quantity which a function or sum of a series can be made to approach as closely as desired 【数】极限 ●v. tr. (limited, limiting)  1  set or serve as a limit to 给…设定界限，限制 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  restrict 限制(到…) □ be the limit  colloq.  be intolerable or extremely irritating [口]无法容忍；极其恼怒□ within limits   moderately; with some degree of freedom 在恰当的范围内；适当地□ without limit   with no restriction 无限止地□ limitable  adj.  □ limitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin limes limitis ‘boundary, frontier’]

limitary /ˈlimit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  subject to restriction 受到限制的 2  of, on, or serving as a limit 有限制的；受限制的；作为限度的

limitation /limiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of limiting; the process of being limited 限制 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a condition of limited ability (能力)局限  know one's limitations  知道自己能力有限 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a limiting rule or circumstance 局限性  has its limitations  有其局限性 4  a legally specified period beyond which an action cannot be brought, or a property right is not to continue (法律上的)有效期限(过此时段就不可诉讼，或产权就不能继续保持) [Middle English from Latin limitatio (as LIMIT)]

limited /ˈlimitid/ adj.  1  confined within limits 有限的 2  not great in scope or talents 范围窄的，才能缺乏的  has limited experience  经验有限 3  a  few, scanty, restricted 少的，不足的，有限的  limited accommodation  膳宿有限b  restricted to a few examples 限于少量的  limited edition  限版 4 (after a company name) being a limited company (置于公司名称后)有限(责任)的 □ limitedness  n.  

limited company n. Brit.  a company whose owners are legally responsible only to a limited amount for its debts [英]有限(责任)公司

limited liability n. Brit.  the status of being legally responsible only to a limited amount for debts of a trading company [英]有限责任

limited liability company n. Brit. [英]  = LIMITED COMPANY 

limiter /ˈlimitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that limits something 限制人；限制物 2 Electronics  a device whose output is restricted to a certain range of values irrespective of the size of the input 【电子学】限幅器

limitless /ˈlimitlis/ adj.  1  extending or going on indefinitely 无边无垠的，无终止的，无限的  a limitless expanse  一望无际 2  unlimited 无限制的  limitless generosity  无比慷慨 □ limitlessly  adv.  □ limitlessness  n.  

limn /lim/ v. tr.  1 archaic  paint (esp. a miniature portrait) [古义]画，描绘(尤指微型肖像画) 2 hist.  illuminate (manuscripts) [史义]装饰(手稿) □ limner  n.   [obsolete lumine ‘illuminate’ via Old French luminer from Latin luminare: see LUMEN]

limnology /limˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the physical phenomena of lakes and other fresh waters 湖泊(沼)学(研究湖泊和其他淡水水域物理现象的学科) □ limnological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ limnologist  n.   [Greek limnē ‘lake’ + -LOGY]

limo /ˈliməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a limousine [口]豪华小轿车 [abbreviation]

limousine /ˈliməzi:n, liməˈzi:n/ n.  a large luxurious motor car, often with a partition behind the driver (大型)豪华小轿车(司机座后常有隔断) [French, originally a caped cloak worn in the former French province of Limousin]

limp1 /limp/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  walk lamely 跛行 2 (of a damaged ship, aircraft, etc.) proceed with difficulty (损坏的船、飞机等)艰难地行进 3 (of verse) be defective (诗)韵律失调 ●n.  a lame walk 跛行 □ limpingly  adv.   [related to obsolete limphalt ‘lame’, Old English lemp-healt]

limp2 /limp/ adj.  1  not stiff or firm; easily bent 柔软的；软弱的；易曲的 2  without energy or will 无生气的；意志薄弱的 3 (of a book) having a soft cover (书本)软封面的 □ limply  adv.  □ limpness  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to LIMP1 in the sense ‘hanging loose’]

limpet /ˈlimpit/ n.  1  any of various marine gastropod molluscs, esp. the common limpet Patella vulgata, with a shallow conical shell and a broad muscular foot that sticks tightly to rocks 虫戚(尤指附于岩石上的帽贝) 2  a clinging person 缠住不放的人 [Old English lempedu from medieval Latin lampreda ‘limpet, LAMPREY’]

limpet mine n.  a mine designed to be attached to a ship's hull and set to explode after a certain time 水下定时爆破弹

limpid /ˈlimpid/ adj.  1 (of water, eyes, etc.) clear, transparent (水、眼睛等)清彻的，透明的 2 (of writing) clear and easily comprehended (文章)清晰的，容易理解的 □ limpidity  /-ˈpiditi/ n.  □ limpidly  adv.  □ limpidness  n.   [French limpide or Latin limpidus, perhaps related to LYMPH]

limpkin /ˈlim(p)kin/ n.  a wading marsh bird, Aramus guarauna, of tropical America 秧鹤(产于美洲热带湿地) [LIMP1, with reference to the bird's limping gait]

limp-wristed adj. colloq. [口]  1  effeminate 女人气的 2  ineffectual, feeble 无能为力的；虚弱的

linage /ˈlainidʒ/ n.  1  the number of lines in printed or written matter (印刷品或手稿的)行数 2  payment by the line 按行数支付的稿费

linchpin /ˈlin(t)ʃpin/ n. (also 亦作 lynchpin)  1  a pin passed through an axle-end to keep a wheel in position 车轴销，制轮楔 2  a person or thing vital to an enterprise, organization, etc. (企业、机构等)关键性的人(或物) [Middle English linch from Old English lynis + PIN]

Lincoln green /ˈliŋk(ə)n/ n.  a bright green cloth of a kind originally made at Lincoln in E. England 林肯绿呢(原产于英格兰东部林肯郡)

Lincs. abbr.  Lincolnshire [缩略]林肯郡

linctus /ˈliŋktəs/ n.  a syrupy medicine, esp. a soothing cough mixture 糖浆制剂(尤指止咳糖浆) [Latin, from lingere ‘lick’]

Linda /ˈlində/   琳达 [人名]

lindane /ˈlindein/ n. Chem.  a toxic colourless isomer of benzene hexachloride used as an insecticide, though now often avoided owing to its persistence in the environment 【化】林丹，六氯化苯 [named after T. van der Linden, Dutch chemist b. 1884]

linden /ˈlindən/ n.  a lime tree 椴树 [originally as adj. from Old English lind ‘lime tree’: cf. LIME3]

line1 /lain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a continuous mark or band made on a surface 线；线条  drew a line  划一条线 2  use of lines in art, esp. draughtsmanship or engraving 艺术(尤指草稿或雕刻)中线条的运用  boldness of line  线条粗犷雄浑 3  a thing resembling such a mark esp. a furrow or wrinkle 纹路，褶子，皱纹 4 Mus. 【音】  a  each of (usu. five) horizontal marks forming a stave in musical notation 乐谱线b  a sequence of notes or tones forming an instrumental or vocal melody (构成器乐或声乐的)一系列的音符(或乐音) 5  a  a straight or curved continuous extent of length without breadth 直线；曲线b  the track of a moving point (移动的)轨迹 6  a  a contour or outline, esp. as a feature of design 外形，周边线，轮廓  admired the yacht's clean lines  赞叹游艇简洁明快的流线型 the pure line of a tailored jacket  裁剪得体的茄克外形b  a facial feature 脸部特征  the cruel line of his mouth  凶残的嘴形 7  a (on a map or graph) a curve connecting all points having a specified common property (地图或图表上的)曲线图b (the Line)  the equator 赤道线 8  a  a limit or boundary 界限；边界线b  a mark limiting the area of play, the starting or finishing point in a race, etc. 运动场地的界线，(竞赛等的)起跑线，终点线c  the boundary between a credit and a debit in an account (账本中)贷方和借方的区分线 9  a  a row of persons or things (人或物的)排列，行列b  a direction as indicated by them 方向线，路线  line of march  行进路线c N. Amer.  a queue [北美]辫子 10  a  a row of printed or written words (印刷或书写的)字行b  a portion of verse written in one line (诗的)行 11 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a piece of poetry 一首诗b  the words of an actor's part 台词c  a specified amount of text etc. to be written out as a school punishment 学校罚做的作业(抄写课文等) 12  a short letter or note 短简；便条  drop me a line  给我留了一张便条 13 (in pl. 用复数)  = MARRIAGE LINES  14  a length of cord, rope, wire, etc., usu. serving a specified purpose, esp. a fishing line or clothes line 线，绳，索，金属丝(尤指钓鱼线，晾衣绳) 15  a  a wire or cable for a telephone or telegraph 电话线，电报电缆b  a connection by means of this (电话、电报)通讯线路  am trying to get a line  正设法拨通电话 16  a  a single track of a railway 铁轨b  one branch or route of a railway system, or the whole system under one management 铁路段，铁路线，铁路系统 17  a  a regular succession of buses, ships, aircraft, etc., plying between certain places (汽车、船只、飞机等的)运输线，航线b  a company conducting this 运输公司，航运公司  shipping line  海运公司 18  a connected series of persons following one another in time (esp. several generations of a family) ; stock, succession 世系，家族(尤指家系)；血统，继承  a long line of craftsmen  世代手艺人 next in line to the throne  下一个王位继承人 19  a  a course or manner of procedure, conduct, thought, etc. (过程、行动、思想等的)途径，步骤，方式，方法  did it along these lines  按照这些方法去做 don't take that line with me  别跟我来那一套b  policy 方针，政策  the party line  党的方针c  conformity 一致，和谐  bring them into line  使它们相一致 20  a direction, course, or channel 方向；线路；渠道  lines of communication  交通路线 21  a department of activity; a province; a branch of business 活动范围，专业范围，行业  not in my line  不是我的专长 22  a range of commercial goods 成套的商品，系列商品  a new line in hats  新款式帽子 23 colloq.  a false or exaggerated account or story; a dishonest approach [口]假话，夸大事实的话；不诚实的手段  gave me a line about missing the bus  给我编了一套误车的谎言 24  a  a connected series of military fieldworks, defences, etc. 军事工事，防御工事  behind enemy lines  敌人后方b  an arrangement of soldiers or ships in a column or line formation; a line of battle (编队)成行列的队形；战斗队形  ship of the line  战斗编队中的舰只c (prec. by 前接 the)  regular army regiments (not auxiliary forces or Guards) 正规军(非辅助部队或卫队) 25  each of the very narrow horizontal sections forming a television picture 电视图像扫描线 26  a narrow range of the spectrum that is noticeably brighter or darker than the adjacent parts 光谱的窄区(比临近部分明亮或阴暗) 27  the level of the base of most letters in printing and writing (印刷或书写的)字母基线 28 (as a measure) one-twelfth of an inch (作为计时单位)英分， 1/12 英寸 ●v. tr.  1  mark with lines 划线标出 2  cover with lines 使起皱纹  a face lined with pain  痛得满是皱纹的脸 3  position or stand at intervals along 沿…排(站)成行  crowds lined the route  人群沿途站立成行 □ all along the line   at every point 到处，全部地，在每一点上□ bring into line   make conform 使…一致□ come into line   conform 取得一致□ end of the line   the point at which further effort is unproductive or one can go no further 穷图末日；事情的尽头□ get a line on  colloq.  learn something about [口]获得…消息□ in line for   likely to receive 有可能获得…□ in the line of   in the course of (esp. duty) 在…期间(尤指职责)□ in (or out of) line with   in (or not in) alignment or accordance with 与…一致(不一致)，与…相符合(不相符合)□ lay (or put) it on the line   speak frankly 坦率地说□ line up   1  arrange or be arranged in a line or lines (使)排成行 2  have ready; organize 使…安排就序；组织  had a job lined up  将工作安排就序□ on the line   1  at risk 冒风险  put my reputation on the line  拿我的名誉去冒风险 2  speaking on the telephone 正在打电话 3 (of a picture in an exhibition) hung with its centre about level with the spectator's eye (展厅的画挂在)与眼睛齐平的位置□ out of line   1  not in alignment; discordant 不在一条直线上；不一致 2  failing to conform to a rule or convention, behaving inappropriately 无规矩，出格，行为失当 [Middle English line, ligne from Old French ligne, ultimately via Latin linea from linum ‘flax’, and from Old English līne ‘rope, series’]

line2 /lain/ v. tr.  1  a  cover the inside surface of (a garment, box, etc.) with a layer of usu. different material (通常用不同材料)给(衣服、盒子等)加衬里b  serve as a lining for 作…衬里 2  cover as if with a lining 犹如加衬于…  shelves lined with books  书架上都摆放着书 3 colloq.  fill, esp. plentifully [口]填塞(尤指填塞满) □ line one's pocket (or purse)   make money, usu. by corrupt means 中饱私囊，肥私 [Middle English from obsolete line ‘flax’, with reference to the use of linen for linings]

lineage /ˈliniidʒ/ n.  lineal descent; ancestry, pedigree 直系，嫡系；世系，血统 [Middle English via Old French linage, lignage and Romanic from Latin linea LINE1]

lineal /ˈliniəl/ adj.  1  in the direct line of descent or ancestry 直系的，嫡系的；世袭的 2  linear; of or in lines 线的；线条构成的，线状的 □ lineally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin linealis (as LINE1)]

lineament /ˈliniəm(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a distinctive feature or characteristic, esp. of the face (尤指脸部的)特征，特点 [Middle English from Latin lineamentum, via lineare ‘make straight’ from linea LINE1]

linear /ˈliniə/ adj.  1  a  of or in lines; in lines rather than masses 线的，线状的，由线条组成的  linear development  直线型发展b  of length 长度的  linear extent  长度延伸 2  long and narrow and of uniform breadth 细长的，窄长的 3  involving one dimension only 线性的 4  progressing in a single series of steps or stages; sequential 按顺序的；序列的 □ linearity  /-ˈæriti/ n.  □ linearize  /ˈliniəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ linearly  adv.   [Latin linearis from linea LINE1]

linear accelerator n. Physics  an accelerator in which particles travel in straight lines, not in closed orbits 【物理学】直线性加速器

Linear B n.  a form of Bronze Age writing found in Crete and parts of Greece and recording a form of Mycenaean Greek: an earlier undeciphered form (Linear A) also exists B 类线形文字(在希腊的克里特岛和其他地区发现的青铜器时代的书写形式，记录了迈锡尼文化时期的希腊语，即更早的、尚未破译的 A 类线形文字)

linear equation n.  an equation between two variables that gives a straight line when plotted on a graph 线性方程，一次方程

linear motor n.  a motor producing straight-line (not rotary) motion by means of a magnetic field 线性感应马达

linear programming n.  a mathematical technique for maximising or minimizing a linear function of several variables, e.g. output or cost 线性规划

lineation /liniˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a marking with or drawing of lines 标线，画线 2  a division into lines 分线，分行 [Middle English from Latin lineatio, from lineare ‘make straight’]

linebacker /ˈlainbækə/ n. Amer. Football  a player or position just behind the defensive line 【美式橄榄球】中后卫

line drawing n.  a drawing in which images are produced from variations of lines 线条画

linefeed /ˈlainfi:d/ n.  1  the action of advancing paper in a printing machine by the space of one line (打印机按行距)进纸 2  the analogous movement of text on a VDU screen (图像显示部件上的)移行

lineman /ˈlainmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a  a person who repairs and maintains telephone or electrical etc. lines (电话、电线等的)线路维修工b  a person who tests the safety of railway lines 铁道巡路工 2 Amer. Football  a player in the line formed before a scrimmage 【美式橄榄球】线上队员

line manager n.  a manager to whom an employee is directly responsible 部门经理

linen /ˈlinin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  cloth woven from flax 亚麻布b  a particular kind of this 亚麻布类 2 (collect. 集合名词)  articles made, or originally made, of linen, e.g. sheets, cloths, shirts, undergarments, etc. 亚麻制品(如床单、布料、衬衣、内衣等) ●adj.  made of linen or flax 亚麻制成的  linen cloth  亚麻布 □ wash one's dirty linen in public   be indiscreet about one's domestic quarrels etc. 家丑外扬 [Old English līnen from West Germanic: related to obsolete line ‘flax’]

linen basket n. esp. Brit.  a basket for soiled clothes [尤英] (待洗)脏衣筐

linenfold /ˈlininfəʊld/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a carved or moulded ornament representing a fold or scroll of linen 布折(或布轴)式雕饰或模压装饰  linenfold panelling  有布轴雕饰图案的镶板

line of credit n.  an amount of credit extended to a borrower 提供给借方的信贷额

line of fire n.  the expected path of gunfire, a missile, etc. (枪炮、火箭等)发射的行进路线

line of force n.  an imaginary line which represents the strength and direction of a magnetic, gravitational, or electric field at any point (磁力、引力或电力场任意点上的)力线

line of march n.  the route taken in marching 行军路线

line of scrimmage n. Amer. Football  the imaginary line separating two teams at the beginning of a scrimmage 【美式橄榄球】争球线

line of sight n.  a straight line along which an observer has unobstructed vision 视力线

line of vision n.  the straight line along which an observer looks 视线

line-out n. (in rugby) parallel lines of opposing forwards at right angles to the touchline for the throwing in of the ball (橄榄球比赛中)前锋对阵争球

line printer n.  a machine that prints output from a computer a line at a time rather than character by character 行式打印机

liner1 /ˈlainə/ n.  a ship or aircraft etc. carrying passengers on a regular line (定期线路上的)客轮，客机，客车

liner2 /ˈlainə/ n.  a removable lining 活衬里

-liner /ˈlainə/ comb. form (prec. by a numeral 前接数字 , usu. 通常为 one or two) colloq.  a spoken passage of a specified number of lines in a play etc. (a one-liner 一行的台词) [构词成分] [口] (剧本等的)台词

liner train n. Brit.  a fast goods train with detachable containers on permanently coupled wagons [英]快速集装箱火车

lineside /ˈlainsaid/ attrib. adj. Brit.  adjacent to a railway line [英]铁路沿线的

linesman /ˈlainzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 (in games played on a pitch or court) an umpire's or referee's assistant who decides whether a ball falls within the playing area or not (比赛场地上的)边线裁判员，巡边员 2  = LINEMAN 1 

line-up n.  1  a line of people for inspection 列队(受检) 2  an arrangement of persons in a team or nations etc. in an alliance 队列，阵容

ling1 /liŋ/ n.  a long slender marine fish, Molva molva, of the E. Atlantic, related to the cod and used as food 鳕(东大西洋中海鱼) [Middle English leng(e), probably from Middle Dutch: related to LONG1]

ling2 /liŋ/ n.  any of various heathers, esp. Calluna vulgaris 石楠，帚石南 □ lingy  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse lyng]

-ling1 /liŋ/ suffix  1  denoting a person or thing 表示人(或物):a  connected with (hireling 雇佣工 ; sapling 树苗) 与…相关的人(或物)b  having the property of being  weakling  虚弱的人 underling  下属 or undergoing  starveling  挨饿者 有…性质的；有承受特性的 2  denoting a diminutive  duckling  小鸭, often derogatory (lordling 小贵族) 表示小的，常带贬义 [Old English (as -LE1 + -ING3) : sense 2 from Old Norse]

-ling2 /liŋ/ suffix  forming adverbs and adjectives (darkling 在黑暗中，在黑暗中的) (cf. 参见 -LONG) 构成副词或形容词 [Old English from Germanic]

linga /ˈliŋɡə/ n. (also 亦作 lingam /ˈliŋɡæm/)  a phallus, esp. as the Hindu symbol of Siva 男性生殖器形象(尤作为印度教湿婆神的象征) [Sanskrit lingam, literally ‘mark’]

linger /ˈliŋɡə/ v. intr.  1  a  be slow or reluctant to depart 徘徊，留恋不舍b  stay about a place 逗留c (foll. by 后跟 over, on, etc.)  dally 延误；磨蹭  lingered over dinner  吃饭慢吞吞的 2 (foll. by 后跟 on) (of an action or condition) be protracted; drag on (行为、条件)拖延；延续下去  his cold lingered on  他的感冒还没有好 the memory lingered on  记忆留存心中 3 (foll. by 后跟 on) (of a dying person or custom) be slow in dying; drag on feebly (快死的人或风俗)奄奄一息，苟延残喘；名存实亡 □ lingerer  n.  □ lingering  adj.  □ lingeringly  adv.   [Middle English lenger, frequentative of leng, via Old English lengan from Germanic: related to LENGTHEN]

lingerie /lãʒ(ə)ri/ n.  women's underwear and nightclothes 女子的内衣裤，女睡衣 [French from linge ‘linen’]

lingo /ˈliŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) colloq. [口]  1  a foreign language 外国语 2  the vocabulary of a special subject or group of people 术语，行话，隐语 [probably via Portuguese lingoa from Latin lingua ‘tongue’]

lingua franca /liŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/ n. (pl. lingua francas)  1  a language adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different 通用语，交际语(讲不同语言的人采用的一种共同使用的语言) 2  a system for mutual understanding (促成相互了解的)媒介体系 3 hist.  a mixture of Italian with French, Greek, Arabic, and Spanish, used in the Levant [史义] (在黎凡特地区使用的)混杂语(意大利语中搀有法语、希腊语、阿拉伯语和西班牙语) [Italian, = Frankish tongue]

lingual /ˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or formed by the tongue 舌的，舌音的 2  of speech or languages 语言的 □ lingualize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ lingually  adv.   [medieval Latin lingualis from Latin lingua ‘tongue, language’]

linguiform /ˈliŋɡwifɔ:m/ adj. Bot., Zool. & Anat. 【植】【动】【解】  tongue-shaped 舌状的 [Latin lingua ‘tongue’ + -FORM]

linguine /liŋˈɡwi:ni/ n. pl.  pasta in the form of narrow ribbons 扁面条 [Italian, pl. of linguina, diminutive of lingua ‘tongue’]

linguist /ˈliŋɡwist/ n.  a person skilled in languages or linguistics 语言专家，语言学家 [Latin lingua ‘language’]

linguistic /liŋˈɡwistik/ adj.  of or relating to language or the study of languages (有关)语言的，(有关)语言学的 □ linguistically  adv.  

linguistics /liŋˈɡwistiks/ n.  the scientific study of language and its structure 语言学 □ linguistician  /-ˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French linguistique or German Linguistik (as LINGUIST)]

liniment /ˈlinim(ə)nt/ n.  an embrocation, usu. made with oil (通常为油制)涂擦剂 [Late Latin linimentum from Latin linire ‘smear’]

lining /ˈlainiŋ/ n.  1  a layer of material used to line a surface etc. 衬料，衬垫(里子等) 2  an inside layer or surface etc. 内衬，衬里，衬层  stomach lining  胃内壁

link1 /liŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  one loop or ring of a chain etc. (链子等的)圈，环 2  a  a connecting part, esp. a thing or person that unites or provides continuity; one in a series 联系的环节(尤指某物、某人)；系列中的一环b  a state or means of connection 连接的状态(或手段) 3  a means of contact by radio or telephone between two points (电话通话或无线通讯中的)连接环节 4  a means of travel or transport between two places (连接两地的)交通手段 5  = CUFF LINK  6  a measure equal to one-hundredth of a surveying chain (7.92 inches) 令 (1/100 测链，即 7.92 英寸) ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 together, to, with)  connect or join (two things or one to another) (两件事或相互)联系，连接，结合 2 tr.  clasp or intertwine (hands or arms) 拉住，勾住(手或臂) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, to, in to)  be joined; attach oneself to (a system, company, etc.) 连接起来，结合起来，联系起来；将自己依附于(某体系、某一伙人等) □ link up  (foll. by 后跟 with)  connect or combine 连接，结合 [Middle English via Old Norse from Germanic]

link2 /liŋk/ n. hist.  a torch of pitch and tow for lighting the way in dark streets [史义] (由沥青和纤维束制成的)火把(用于街上照明) [16th c.: perhaps via medieval Latin li(n)chinus ‘wick’ from Greek lukhnos ‘light’]

linkage /ˈliŋkidʒ/ n.  1  the action of linking; a link or system of links 联系，连接，结合；连接环节 2  a  the linking of different issues in political negotiations (政治会谈中不同问题)互相关联的处理方法，关联原则b Genetics  the tendency of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together 【遗传学】(相同染色体基因的)连锁遗传倾向

linkman /ˈliŋkmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a person providing continuity in a broadcast programme [英] (使广播节目之间具连贯性的)节目主持人，协调人 2  a player between the forwards and half-backs or strikers and backs in football etc. (足球、橄榄球等)中锋；前卫

links /liŋks/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a golf course, esp. one having undulating ground, coarse grass, etc. 高尔夫球场 2 Sc. dial.  level or undulating sandy ground near a seashore, with turf and coarse grass [苏格兰方] (海边长草的)沙地，沙丘 [pl. of link ‘rising ground’ from Old English hlinc]

link-up n.  an act or result of linking up 连接，联系

linn /lin/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a  a waterfall 瀑布b  a pool below this (瀑布下面的)水池 2  a precipice; a ravine 悬崖，峭壁；山谷 [Gaelic linne]

Linnaean /liˈni:ən, liˈneiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Swedish naturalist Linnaeus (Linné, d. 1778) or his system of binomial nomenclature in the classification of plants and animals (有关) (瑞典博物学家)林奈的；(有关) (动植物分类中)林奈双名法的 ●n.  a follower of Linnaeus 林奈学派的人■Usage 用法说明 This word is spelt Linnean in Linnean Society. 此词在林奈学会中拼写成 Linnean 。 

linnet /ˈlinit/ n.  a finch, Acanthis cannabina, with brown and grey plumage 朱顶雀(一种雀科小鸣禽，羽毛呈灰褐色) [Old French linette from lin ‘flax’ (the bird feeding on flaxseeds)]

lino /ˈlainəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  linoleum 亚麻油毡；漆布 [abbreviation]

linocut /ˈlainəʊkʌt/ n.  1  a design or form carved in relief on a block of linoleum 油毡浮雕图案 2  a print made from this 油毡浮雕版印刷品 □ linocutting  n.  

linoleic acid /linə(ʊ)ˈli:ik, -ˈleiik/ n. Chem.  a polyunsaturated fatty acid occurring as a glyceride in linseed and other oils and essential in the human diet 【化】亚油酸(不饱和油酯酸，作为甘油酯存在于亚麻籽和其他油料中，为人类饮食中的重要成分) [Latin linum ‘flax’ + OLEIC ACID]

linolenic acid /linə(ʊ)ˈlenik, -ˈli:nik/ n. Chem.  a polyunsaturated fatty acid (with one more double bond than linoleic acid) occurring as a glyceride in linseed and other oils and essential in the human diet 【化】亚麻酸 [German Linolensaüre from Linolsaüre LINOLEIC ACID with -ene- inserted]

linoleum /liˈnəʊliəm/ n.  a material consisting of a canvas backing thickly coated with a preparation of linseed oil and powdered cork etc., used esp. as a floor covering 亚麻油毡(在帆布上涂以亚麻仁油和软木粉末制成的材料，用作地板覆盖物) □ linoleumed  adj.   [Latin linum ‘flax’ + oleum ‘oil’]

Linotype /ˈlainə(ʊ)taip/ n. Printing propr.  a composing machine producing lines of words as single strips of metal, used esp. for newspapers 【印刷】[商标]莱诺整行铸排机，行型活字铸造机 [= line o'type]

linsang /ˈlinsæŋ/ n.  any of various civet-like mammals, esp. of the genera Prionodon of SE Asia and Poiana of Africa 似香猫哺乳动物(尤指林狸) [Javanese]

linseed /ˈlinsi:d/ n.  the seed of flax 亚麻籽 [Old English līnsœˉd, from līn ‘flax’ + sœd ‘seed’]

linseed cake n.  pressed linseed used as cattle food 亚麻籽饼(用作牛饲料)

linseed meal n.  ground linseed 亚麻籽粉

linseed oil n.  oil extracted from linseed and used in paint and varnish 亚麻籽油(用于油漆和清漆中)

linsey-woolsey /linziˈwʊlzi/ n.  a fabric of coarse wool woven on a cotton warp 绵羊毛交织物 [Middle English from linsey ‘coarse linen’, probably from Lindsey, a village in Suffolk where the material was first made + WOOL, with jingling ending]

linstock /ˈlinstɒk/ n. hist.  a match-holder used to fire cannon [史义]火绳杆 [earlier lintstock from Dutch lontstok, from lont ‘match’ + stok ‘stick’, with assimilation to LINT]

lint /lint/ n.  1 Brit.  a fabric, originally of linen, with a raised nap on one side, used for dressing wounds [英] (包扎伤口用的)单面有绒的麻布 2  fluff 棉绒 3 Sc.  flax [苏格兰]亚麻 □ linty  adj.   [Middle English lyn(n)et, perhaps from Old French linette ‘linseed’, from lin ‘flax’]

lintel /ˈlint(ə)l/ n. Archit.  a horizontal supporting piece of timber, stone, etc., across the top of a door or window 【建】门梁；窗梁 □ lintelled  adj. (US [美] linteled)   [Middle English via Old French lintel ‘threshold’ from Romanic, influenced by Late Latin liminare from Latin limen ‘threshold’]

linter /ˈlintə/ n. US [美]  1  a machine for removing the short fibres from cotton seeds after ginning 剥棉籽绒机 2 (in pl. 用复数)  these fibres 棉籽上的短绒 [LINT + -ER1]

liny /ˈlaini/ adj. (linier, liniest)  marked with lines; wrinkled 多线条的，多皱纹的

lion /ˈlaiən/ n.  1 (fem. lioness /-nis/)  a large flesh-eating cat, Panthera leo, of Africa and S. Asia, with a tawny coat and, in the male, a flowing shaggy mane 狮子(大型的食肉猫科动物，产于非洲和南亚，皮毛呈茶褐色，雄性有鬣毛) 2 (作 the Lion)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Leo 狮子宫；狮子星座 3  a brave or celebrated person 勇猛的人；名人 4  the lion as a national emblem of Great Britain or as a representation in heraldry (英国的国徽或纹章的)狮印；狮子纹章 □ lion-like  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French liun and Latin leo -onis from Greek leōn leontos]

Lionel /ˈlaiənl/   莱昂内尔 [人名]

lion-heart n.  a courageous person (esp. as a sobriquet of Richard I of England) 勇士(尤指作为英国国王理查一世的绰号)

lion-hearted adj.  brave and generous 勇敢又慷慨的

lionize /ˈlaiənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat as a celebrity 把…视作名人 □ lionization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ lionizer  n.  

lion's share n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the largest or best part 最大(或最好)的份额

lip /lip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  either of the two fleshy parts forming the edges of the mouth-opening 嘴唇b  a thing resembling these 唇状物c  = LABIUM  2  the edge of a cup, container, etc., esp. the part shaped for pouring from (杯子、容器等的)边缘(尤指水倒出的部分) 3 colloq.  impudent talk [口]冒昧无礼的话  that's enough of your lip!  住嘴！ ●v. tr. (lipped, lipping)  1  a  touch with the lips; apply the lips to 用嘴唇接触；吻…b  touch lightly 轻轻地触碰 2 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  hit a ball just to the edge of (a hole) 把球正好打到(球洞)边缘b (of a ball) reach the edge of (a hole) but fail to drop in (球)到(洞)边而未进去 □ bite one's lip   repress an emotion; stifle laughter, a retort, etc. 咬住嘴唇(以抑制感情；忍住笑，反驳等)□ curl one's lip   express scorn 撇嘴(表示轻蔑)□ hang on a person's lips   listen attentively to a person 专心听人讲话□ lick one's lips   see 见 LICK □ pass a person's lips   be eaten, drunk, spoken, etc. 吃进某人口；喝进某人嘴；说出某人口等□ smack one's lips   part the lips noisily in relish or anticipation, esp. of food 咂嘴(尤指对美味食品表示喜欢吃或期待)□ lipless  adj.  □ liplike  adj.  □ lipped  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English lippa, from Germanic]

lipase /ˈlipeiz, ˈlaip-/ n. Biochem.  any enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of fats 【生化】脂肪酶 [Greek lipos ‘fat’ + -ASE]

lipid /ˈlipid/ n. Chem.  any of a class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, including fatty acids, oils, waxes, and steroids 【化】脂质，类脂(包括脂肪酸、油、蜡和类固醇在内的一切溶于有机溶液但不能溶于水的物质) [French lipide (as LIPASE)]

lipidosis /lipiˈdəʊsis/ n. (also 亦作 lipoidosis /lipɔi-/) (pl. -doses /-si:z/)  any disorder of lipid metabolism in the body tissues 脂沉积症

Lipizzaner /lipitˈsɑ:nə, lipiˈzeinə/ n. (also 亦作 Lippizaner)  1  a horse of a fine white breed used esp. in displays of dressage 利皮扎马(白色良种马，尤指用于骑术表演) 2  this breed 利皮扎良种马 [German, from Lippiza in Slovenia]

lipography /liˈpɒɡrəfi/ n.  the omission of letters or words in writing 漏写，脱漏(字母或词) [Greek lip-, stem of leipō ‘omit’ + -GRAPHY]

lipoid /ˈlipɔid/ adj.  resembling fat 类脂的 [Greek lipos ‘fat’]

lipoprotein /ˈlipə(ʊ)ˌprəʊti:n, ˈlai-/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma 【生化】脂蛋白 [Greek lipos ‘fat’ + PROTEIN]

liposome /ˈlipəsəʊm, ˈlai-/ n. Biochem.  a minute artificial spherical sac usu. of a phospholipid membrane enclosing an aqueous core, esp. used to carry drugs to specific tissues 【生化】脂质体，微脂粒 [named after G. Liposom (as Greek lipos ‘fat’, -SOME3)]

liposuction /ˈlipə(ʊ)sʌkʃ(ə)n, ˈlai-/ n.  a technique in cosmetic surgery for removing excess fat from under the skin by suction (美容手术)吸出(多余的皮下)脂肪术，脂肪抽吸术 [Greek lipos ‘fat’ + SUCTION]

Lippizaner var.  of LIPIZZANER  LIPIZZANER 的变体

lippy /ˈlipi/ adj. (lippier, lippiest) colloq. [口]  1  insolent, impertinent 傲慢无礼的，言语粗鲁的 2  talkative 爱聊天的，话多的

lip-read v. tr. (past and past part. -read /red/) (also absol. [亦含宾]) (esp. of a deaf person) understand (speech) entirely from observing a speaker's lip movements (尤指聋子)观察说话的嘴唇动作来理解(语义)，唇读 □ lip-reader  n.  

lipsalve /ˈlipsælv/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a preparation, usu. in stick form, to prevent or relieve sore lips 润唇膏 2  flattery 拍马，奉承

lip-service n.  an insincere expression of support etc. 口头上的应承(非真心的支持等)

lipstick /ˈlipstik/ n.  a small stick of cosmetic for colouring the lips 唇膏，口红

lip-sync n. & v. (also 亦作 -synch) ●n. (in film acting etc) the movement of a performer's lips in sychronization with a pre-recorded soundtrack (电影动作等)对口型配音 ●v. tr. & intr.  perform (esp. a song) on film using this technique 给(尤指电影歌曲)对口型配音 □ lip-syncer  n.  □ lip-syncing  n.  

liquate /liˈkweit/ v. tr.  separate or purify (metals) by liquefying 熔解，熔析(金属) □ liquation  /-ˈkweiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin liquare ‘melt’: related to LIQUOR]

liquefy /ˈlikwifai/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 liquify) (-ies, -ied) Chem.  make or become liquid 【化】(使)液化 □ liquefacient  /-ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n.  □ liquefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ liquefactive  /-ˈfæktiv/ adj.  □ liquefiable  adj.  □ liquefier  n.   [French liquéfier from Latin liquefacere, from liquēre ‘be liquid’]

liquescent /liˈkwes(ə)nt/ adj.  becoming or apt to become liquid 液化的，易于液化的 [Latin liquescere (as LIQUEFY)]

liqueur /liˈkjʊə/ n.  any of several strong sweet alcoholic spirits, variously flavoured, usu. drunk after a meal (饭后饮用的)利口酒，甜酒(有各种不同的口味) [French, = LIQUOR]

liquid /ˈlikwid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having a consistency like that of water or oil, flowing freely but of constant volume 流体的，流动的 2  having the qualities of water in appearance; translucent 液态的，液体的，半透明的  liquid blue  碧蓝的 a liquid lustre  清澈明亮的光泽 3 (of a gas, e.g. air, hydrogen) reduced to a liquid state by intense cold (指气体如空气、氢，因温度骤降)液化的 4 (of sounds) clear and pure; harmonious, fluent (声音)清脆的，清纯的；柔和的，流畅的 5  a (of assets) easily converted into cash (资产)易于转换成现金的b  having ready cash or liquid assets 备有现金的，具有流动资产的  prompting investors to stay liquid  鼓励投资者流动 6  not fixed; fluid 不固定的，易变的  liquid opinions  容易变动的看法 ●n.  a liquid substance 液体 □ liquidly  adv.  □ liquidness  n.   [Middle English from Latin liquidus, from liquēre ‘be liquid’]

liquidambar /likwidˈæmbə/ n.  1  any tree of the genus Liquidambar yielding a resinous gum 枫香树(枫香树属树木，产树脂胶) 2  this gum 枫香树脂 [modern Latin, apparently from Latin liquidus (see LIQUID) + medieval Latin ambar ‘amber’]

liquidate /ˈlikwideit/ v.  1  a tr.  wind up the affairs of (a company or firm) by ascertaining liabilities and apportioning assets 清理，清偿(公司或商行)b intr. (of a company) be liquidated (公司)遭清理；破产 2 tr.  clear or pay off (a debt) 偿清，偿还(债务) 3 tr.  eliminate by killing; wipe out 杀掉；消灭 [medieval Latin liquidare ‘make clear’ (as LIQUID)]

liquidation /likwiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of liquidating a company etc. 清理，清算(公司等) 2  elimination by killing 杀掉，消灭 □ go into liquidation  (of a company etc.) be wound up and have its assets apportioned (公司等)清算，分割资产，偿还债务

liquidator /ˈlikwideitə/ n.  a person called in to wind up the affairs of a company etc. (公司资产等的)清算人

liquid crystal n.  a turbid liquid with some order in its molecular arrangement 液晶体

liquid crystal display n.  a form of visual display in electronic devices, in which the reflectivity of a matrix of liquid crystals changes as a signal is applied 液晶显示

liquidity /liˈkwiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being liquid 液性，流动性 2  a  availability of liquid assets 拥有流动资产b (in pl. 用复数)  liquid assets 流动资产 [French liquidité or medieval Latin liquiditas (as LIQUID)]

liquidize /ˈlikwidaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  reduce (esp. food) to a liquid or puréed state 使液化，使(食物)成为泥状

liquidizer /ˈlikwidaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  a machine for liquidizing 榨汁机

liquid measure n.  a unit for measuring the volume of liquids 液量单位

liquid paraffin n. esp. Brit.  a colourless odourless oily liquid obtained from petroleum and used as a laxative [尤英]液石蜡，石蜡油(用作轻泻药)

liquid storax  see 见 STORAX 2 

liquify var.  of LIQUEFY  LIQUEFY 的变体

liquor /ˈlikə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an alcoholic (esp. distilled) drink (尤指蒸馏的)含酒精饮料 2  water used in brewing 酿造所用之水 3  other liquid, esp. that produced in cooking 液汁(尤指烹煮中出的汤汁) 4 Pharm.  a solution of a specified drug in water 【药】药水，药溶液 ●v. tr.  1  dress (leather) with grease or oil 给(皮革)上油 2  steep (malt etc.) in water 把(麦芽等)泡入水中 [Middle English via Old French lic(o)ur from Latin liquor -oris (as LIQUID)]

liquorice /ˈlik(ə)ris, -riʃ/ n. (esp. US [尤美] licorice)  1  a black root extract used as a sweet and in medicine 甘草根提取物(用于制糖果或制药) 2  the leguminous plant Glycyrrhiza glabra from which it is obtained 洋甘草，甘草 [Middle English via Anglo-French lycorys, Old French licoresse, and Late Latin liquiritia from Greek glukurrhiza, from glukus ‘sweet’ + rhiza ‘root’]

liquorish /ˈlikəriʃ/ adj.  1  = LICKERISH  2  fond of or indicating a fondness for liquor 嗜酒的，爱好喝酒的 □ liquorishly  adv.  □ liquorishness  n.   [variant of LICKERISH, misapplied]

lira /ˈliərə/ n. (pl. lire /ˈliərə, ˈliərei, ˈliəri/)  1  the chief monetary unit of Italy 里拉(意大利主要货币单位) 2  the chief monetary unit of Turkey 里拉(土耳其主要货币单位) [Italian, via Provençal liura from Latin libra ‘pound’ (weight etc.)]

Lisa /ˈli:zə, ˈlaizə/   莉萨 [人名]

Lisbon /ˈlizbən/ n.  里斯本 [葡萄牙首都]

lisle /lail/ n. (in full 全称 lisle thread)  a fine smooth cotton thread for stockings etc. 莱尔棉线(用于织袜子等) [Lisle, former spelling of Lille in France, where originally made]

lisp /lisp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a speech defect in which s is pronounced like th in thick and z is pronounced like th in this 错发成咬舌的音 (/s/ 发成 thick 中的 /θ/ 音， /z/ 发成 this 中的 /ð/ 音) 2  a rippling of waters; a rustling of leaves 水的潺潺声；树叶的沙沙声 ●v. intr. & tr.  speak or utter with a lisp 咬着舌头说，口齿不清地说话 □ lisper  n.  □ lispingly  adv.   [Old English wlispian (recorded in ɑˉwlyspian) from wlisp (adj.) ‘lisping’, of uncertain origin]

lissom /ˈlis(ə)m/ adj. (also 亦作 lissome)  lithe, supple, agile 柔软的，易弯曲的，灵活的 □ lissomly  adv.  □ lissomness  n.   [ultimately from LITHE + -SOME1]

list1 /list/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a number of connected items, names, etc., written or printed together usu. consecutively to form a record or aid to memory (项目、名字等)一览表，名单，目录  shopping list  购物单 2 (in pl. 用复数) hist. [史义]  a  palisades enclosing an area for a tournament (围住比赛场地的)栅栏b  the scene of a contest 赛场，竞技场 3 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a selvedge or edge of cloth, usu. of different material from the main body 织边，布边(通常与整块布的布料不一样)b  such edges collectively used as a material 布条，布头(指布边收集起来作为使用的材料) ●v.  1 tr.  make a list of 编…成一览表(名单等) 2 tr.  enter in a list 列…入一览表(名单等) 3 tr. (as 亦作 listed adj.)  a (of securities) approved for dealings on the Stock Exchange 批准(证券)在交易所上市，把(证券)列入交易所的交易表b (of a building in the UK) officially designated as being of historical importance and having protection from demolition or major alterations 把(英国的建筑物)列入文物保护名单 4 tr. & intr. archaic  enlist [古义]招募(士兵)，征兵 □ enter the lists   issue or accept a challenge 挑战；应战□ listable  adj.   [Old English liste ‘border, strip’, from Germanic]

list2 /list/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of a ship etc.) lean over to one side, esp. owing to a leak or shifting cargo (cf. 参见 HEEL2 v. 1) (船只等因漏水或货物移动)倾斜 ●n.  the process or an instance of listing 倾斜 [17th c.: origin unknown]

listen /ˈlis(ə)n/ v. intr.  1  a  make an effort to hear something 听b  attentively hear a person speaking 倾听某人说话 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  give attention with the ear 注意听  listened to my story  注意听我讲故事b  take notice of; respond to advice or a request or to the person expressing it 听信，听从；服从 3 (also 亦作 listen out) (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  seek to hear or be aware of by waiting alertly 留意地听，聆听 □ listen in   1  eavesdrop; tap a private (esp. telephone) conversation 偷听，窃听(尤指电话)，监听 2  use a radio receiving set 收听广播 [Old English hlysnan, from West Germanic]

listenable /ˈlis(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  easy or pleasant to listen to 听起来不费劲的；悦耳的 □ listenability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  

listener /ˈlis(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person who listens 听者 2  a person receiving broadcast radio programmes (无线电)收听者

listening post n.  1  a  a point near an enemy's lines for detecting movements by sound 监听哨所，听音哨b  a station for intercepting electronic communications (电子通讯)监听台 2  a place for the gathering of information from reports etc. 情报收集中心，侦听站

lister /ˈlistə/ n. US  a plough with a double mould-board [美]双壁开沟犁 [list ‘prepare land for a crop’ (as LIST1) + -ER1]

listeria /liˈstiəriə/ n.  any motile rodlike bacterium of the genus Listeria, esp. L. monocytogenes infecting humans and animals eating contaminated food 利斯特菌(一种能动的杆状细菌，感染食用污染食品的人与动物) [modern Latin, named after J. Lister, English surgeon d. 1912]

listeriosis /liˌstiəriˈəʊsis/ n.  infection with listeria; a disease resulting from this 利斯特菌感染；利斯特菌病

listing /ˈlistiŋ/ n.  1  a list or catalogue (see 见 LIST1 1) 一览表，名单，目录 2  a  the drawing up of a list 列表，编目录b  an entry in a list or register (目录或登记册内的)项目 3 Brit.  selvedge (see 见 LIST1 n. 3) [英]布边，织边

listless /ˈlis(t)lis/ adj.  lacking energy or enthusiasm; disinclined for exertion 无精打采的，冷漠的；倦怠的 □ listlessly  adv.  □ listlessness  n.   [Middle English, from obsolete list ‘appetite, desire’ + -LESS]

list price n.  the price of something as shown in a published list (公布的价目单中的)定价

lit past and past part.  of LIGHT1, LIGHT2 

litany /ˈlit(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a series of petitions for use in church services or processions, usu. recited by the clergy and responded to in a recurring formula by the people 连祷；应答祈祷b (作 the Litany)  such petitions and responses contained in the Book of Common Prayer (《公祷书》中的)连祷文；应答祷文 2  a tedious recital 冗长乏味的陈述  a litany of woes  祸不单行 [Middle English via Old French letanie and ecclesiastical Latin litania from Greek litaneia ‘prayer’, from litē ‘supplication’]

litchi var.  of LYCHEE  LYCHEE 的变体

lit crit /lit krit/ abbr.  literary criticism [缩略]文学评论

lite /lait/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (also propr. [亦商标] Lite)  applied to low-fat or low-sugar versions of manufactured food or drink products, esp. to low-calorie beer 用于低脂、低糖食品(和饮料)的(尤指低热量啤酒) 2 US colloq.  lacking in substance; facile, over-simplified [美口] (物质)匮乏的；肤浅的，过于简单的 ●n.  1 (also propr. [亦商标] Lite)  a light beer with relatively few calories (低热量)淡啤酒 2  a light esp. a courtesy light in a motor vehicle 灯(尤指汽车礼貌灯) [variant of LIGHT1’2, now usu. a deliberate respelling]

-lite /lait/ suffix  forming names of minerals and fossils (rhyolite 流纹岩 ; zeolite 沸石) 构成“矿石”和“化石”类的名称 [French, from Greek lithos ‘stone’]

liter US var.  of LITRE [美] LITRE 的变体

literacy /ˈlit(ə)rəsi/ n.  the ability to read and write 识字，读写能力，有文化 [LITERATE + -ACY, on the pattern of illiteracy]

literae humaniores /ˌlitərai hju:ˌmæniˈɔ:ri:z/ n. Brit.  the honours course in classics, philosophy, and ancient history at Oxford University [英] (牛津大学的)人文学科 [Latin, = the more humane studies]

literal /ˈlit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  taking words in their usual or primary sense without metaphor or allegory 字面意思的，无喻意的，非寓义的  literal interpretation  字面上的解释 2  following the letter, text, or exact or original words 照文字的，字本义的，原文的，逐字的  literal translation  直译 a literal transcript  原文的抄本 3 (in full 全形 literal-minded) (of a person) prosaic; matter-of-fact (人)呆板的；如实的 4  a  not exaggerated 非夸张的  the literal truth  不折不扣的事实b  so called without exaggeration 完完全全的；毫不夸张的  a literal extermination  彻底消灭 5 colloq. disp.  so called with some exaggeration or using metaphor [口] [异议] (所言)有些夸张的，运用比喻的  a literal avalanche of mail  雪片般涌来的邮件 6  of, in, or expressed by a letter or the letters of the alphabet 字母的，文字(上)的，用字母(或文字)表达的 7 Algebra  not numerical 【代数】非数字(表达)的 ●n. Brit. Printing  a misprint of a letter [英]【印刷】字母印刷错误 □ literality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ literalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ literally  adv.  □ literalness  n.   [Middle English via Old French literal or Late Latin litteralis from Latin littera (as LETTER)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of literal and literally simply as intensifiers (see sense 5 above) should be avoided in writing or formal speech. literal 和 literally 单单用作强调(见以上释义 5) 的用法在书面语言和正式的演讲中应避免。 

literalism /ˈlit(ə)r(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  insistence on a literal interpretation; adherence to the letter 直译；拘泥于字面解释 □ literalist  n.  □ literalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

literary /ˈlit(ə) (rə)ri/ adj.  1  of, constituting, or occupied with books or literature or written composition, esp. of the kind valued for quality of form 书本的；书卷气的；文学的 2  well informed about literature 精通文学的 3 (of a word or idiom) used chiefly in literary works or other formal writing (词或习语)书面体的(主要用于文学作品或其他正式文体) □ literarily  adv.  □ literariness  n.   [Latin litterarius (as LETTER)]

literary criticism n.  the art or practice of estimating the qualities and character of literary works 文学评论，文学批评 □ literary critic  n.  

literary executor n.  a person entrusted with a writer's papers, unpublished works, etc. 书稿委托(管理)人

literary history n.  the history of the treatment of a subject in literature 文学史

literate /ˈlit(ə)rət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  able to read and write; educated 识字的，有读写能力的；有文化的 ●n.  a literate person 有文化的人 □ literately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin litteratus (as LETTER)]

literati /litəˈrɑ:ti:/ n. pl.  1  men of letters 文学家 2  the learned class 文人学士 [Latin, pl. of literatus (as LETTER)]

literatim /litəˈrɑ:tim, -ˈreitim/ adv.  letter for letter; textually, literally 逐字地；按照原文 [medieval Latin]

literation /litəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the representation of sounds etc. by a letter or group of letters (声音等)字母化；文字化 [Latin litera LETTER]

literature /ˈlit(ə)rətʃə/ n.  1  written works, esp. those whose value lies in beauty of language or in emotional effect (尤指语言优美、有感染力的)文学(作品) 2  the realm of letters 知识，学问，学识 3  the writings of a country or period 某国的(文学)作品；某时期的(文学)作品 4  literary production 文学创作，写作 5 colloq.  printed matter, leaflets, etc. [口]印刷品(传单、小册子等) 6  the material in print on a particular subject (专题的)文献资料  there is a considerable literature on geraniums  现有不少关于天竺葵的资料 [Middle English, = literary culture, from Latin litteratura (as LITERATE)]

-lith /liθ/ suffix  denoting types of stone (laccolith 岩盖 ; monolith 磐石) 表明“石”的类型 [Greek lithos ‘stone’]

litharge /ˈliθɑ:dʒ/ n.  a red or yellow mineral form of lead monoxide, used as a pigment and in glass and ceramics 密陀僧，铅黄，黄丹(一氧化铅矿物，可用作颜料和用于玻璃和瓷器中) [Middle English via Old French litarge and Latin lithargyrus from Greek litharguros, from lithos ‘stone’ + arguros ‘silver’]

lithe /laið/ adj.  flexible, supple 柔韧的，灵活的 □ lithely  adv.  □ litheness  n.  □ lithesome  adj.   [Old English līthe, from Germanic]

lithia /ˈliθiə/ n.  lithium oxide, a white alkaline solid 氧化锂 [modern Latin, alteration of earlier lithion from Greek neut. of litheios, from lithos ‘stone’, on the pattern of soda etc.]

lithic /ˈliθik/ adj.  1  of, like, or made of stone 石的，石状的，石制的 2 Med.  of a calculus 【医】结石的 [Greek lithikos, from lithos ‘stone’]

lithium /ˈliθiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silver-white metallic element, the lightest metal, used in alloys and in batteries (symbol 符 Li) 【化】(化学元素)锂(银白色柔软的金属元素，也是最轻的金属，用于合金和电池) [LITHIA + -IUM]

litho /ˈlaiθəʊ, ˈliθ-/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  = LITHOGRAPHY  2  = LITHOGRAPH  ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  produce by lithography 石印印刷，平版印刷 [abbreviation]

litho- /ˈliθəʊ/ comb. form  stone [构词成分]石 [Greek lithos ‘stone’]

lithograph /ˈliθə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f, ˈlai-/ n. & v. ●n.  a lithographic print 石印印刷，平版印刷 ●v. tr.  1  print by lithography 用石印术印刷，用平版术印刷 2  write or engrave on stone 在石头上书写；在石头上雕刻 [back-formation from LITHOGRAPHY]

lithography /liˈθɒɡrəfi/ n.  a process of obtaining prints from a stone or metal surface so treated that what is to be printed can be inked but the remaining area rejects ink 石印印刷术，平版印刷术 □ lithographer  n.  □ lithographic  /liθə(ʊ)ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ lithographically  /liθə(ʊ)ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [German Lithographie (as LITHO-, -GRAPHY)]

lithology /liˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of the general physical characteristics of rocks (cf. 参见 PETROLOGY) 岩性学 □ lithological  /-θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

lithophyte /ˈliθə(ʊ)fait/ n. Bot.  a plant that grows on stone 【植】石生植物

lithopone /ˈliθə(ʊ)pəʊn/ n.  a white pigment of zinc sulphide, barium sulphate, and zinc oxide 锌钡白，立德粉(由硫化锌、硫化钡及氧化锌构成的白色颜料) [LITHO- + Greek ponos ‘(thing) produced by work’]

lithosphere /ˈliθə(ʊ)sfiə/ n. Geol.  the rigid outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle 【地质】岩石圈，陆界 □ lithospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.  

lithotomy /liˈθɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a calculus from the bladder or urinary tract 结石切除术 □ lithotomist  n.  □ lithotomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin from Greek lithotomia (as LITHO-, -TOMY)]

lithotripsy /ˈliθə(ʊ)tripsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a treatment using ultrasound to shatter a calculus in the bladder into small particles that can be passed through the urethra 超声波(膀胱)碎石术 □ lithotripter  n.  □ lithotriptic  adj.   [LITHO- + Greek tripsis ‘rubbing’ from tribo ‘rub’]

Lithuania   立陶宛

Lithuanian /liθjʊˈeiniən, liθʊ-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Lithuania, a Baltic republic 立陶宛人b  a person of Lithuanian descent 立陶宛人后裔 2  the language of Lithuania 立陶宛语 ●adj.  of or relating to Lithuania, its people, or its language (有关)立陶宛的；(有关)立陶宛人的；(有关)立陶宛语的

litigant /ˈlitiɡ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a party to a lawsuit 诉讼人，诉讼方 ●adj.  engaged in a lawsuit 提出诉讼的 [French (as LITIGATE)]

litigate /ˈlitiɡeit/ v.  1 intr.  go to law; be a party to a lawsuit 打官司，起诉；成为诉讼方 2 tr.  contest (a point) in a lawsuit (在法庭上)争辩(某一点) □ litigable  /ˈlitiɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ litigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ litigator  n.   [Latin litigare litigat- from lis litis ‘lawsuit’]

litigious /liˈtidʒəs/ adj.  1  given to litigation; unreasonably fond of going to law 好提出诉讼的；好打官司的 2  disputable in a law court; offering matter for a lawsuit 可争讼的；可起诉的 3  of lawsuits 诉讼的 □ litigiously  adv.  □ litigiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French litigieux or Latin litigiosus from litigium ‘litigation’: see LITIGATE]

litmus /ˈlitməs/ n.  a dye obtained from lichens that is red under acid conditions and blue under alkaline conditions 石蕊 [Middle English from Old Norse lit-mosi, from litr ‘dye’ + mosi ‘moss’]

litmus paper n.  a paper stained with litmus for use as a test for acids or alkalis 石蕊试纸

litmus test n. colloq.  a real or decisively indicative test [口]石蕊试验；检验真伪的试验

litotes /laiˈtəʊti:z/ n.  ironical understatement, esp. the expressing of an affirmative by the negative of its contrary (e.g. I shan't be sorry for I shall be glad 如：“我不感到遗憾”来表示“我会很高兴”) 反叙法(尤指用相反的否定来表示肯定) [Late Latin from Greek litotēs, from litos ‘plain, meagre’]

litre /ˈli:tə/ n. (US [美] liter)  a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of water under standard conditions, now equal to 1,000 cubic centimetres (about 1.75 pints) 升(米制容量单位，旧时定为在标准条件下 1 公斤水的量，现相等于 1000 立方厘米，约为 1.75 品脱) □ litreage  /ˈli:t(ə)ridʒ/ n.   [French from litron, an obsolete measure of capacity, via medieval Latin from Greek litra, a Sicilian monetary unit]

Litt.D. abbr.  Doctor of Letters [缩略]文学博士 [Latin Litterarum Doctor]

litter /ˈlitə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  refuse, esp. paper, discarded in an open or public place (在户外或公共场所扔弃的)废物，垃圾(尤指纸)b  odds and ends lying about 凌乱的杂物c (作 attrib.)  for disposing of litter 垃圾处理  litter bin  垃圾箱 2  a state of untidiness; disorderly accumulation of papers etc. 杂乱无章；(纸等的)乱堆乱放 3  a number of young animals brought forth at a birth (动物)一窝生下的仔 4  a vehicle containing a couch shut in by curtains and carried on men's shoulders or by beasts of burden 轿，舆 5  a framework with a couch for transporting the sick and wounded (抬病人或伤员的)担架 6  a  straw, rushes, etc., as bedding, esp. for animals (尤指供动物做窝用的)褥草b  straw and dung in a farmyard 厩肥 7  granular absorbent material for lining a box for a cat to urinate and defecate in indoors (颗粒状)吸水性物质(垫于箱内，供猫拉屎撒尿用) ●v. tr.  1  make (a place) untidy with discarded refuse 弄乱(某块地方) 2  scatter untidily and leave lying about 乱扔；使凌乱 3  give birth to (whelps etc.) 产(仔等) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  provide (a horse etc.) with litter as bedding 给(马等)铺褥草b  spread litter or straw on (a floor) or in (a stable) 铺褥草于(地上或厩棚内) □ littery  adj. (in senses 1a, b & 2 of n. 用于名词释义 1a, b 和名词释义 2)   [Middle English via Anglo-French litere, Old French litiere from medieval Latin lectaria, from Latin lectus ‘bed’]

litterbug /ˈlitəbʌɡ/ n. colloq. [口]  = LITTER LOUT 

litter lout n. Brit.  a person who carelessly drops litter in a public place [英]乱扔垃圾的人

little /ˈlit(ə)l/ adj., det., pron. & adv. ●adj. (littler, littlest; less /les/ or lesser /ˈlesə/; least /li:st/)  1  small in size, amount, degree, etc.; not great or big; also used with affectionate or emotional overtones, or condescension, not implied by small (形体、数量、程度等)小的，少的；渺小的，狭隘的，狭窄的，不大的(亦带有亲切、动人、亲近的含义)  a friendly little chap  好客的家伙 a silly little fool  小傻瓜 a nice little car  可爱的小汽车 2  a  short in stature 矮的  a little man  矮子b  of short distance or duration (距离、时间)短的  will go a little way with you  和你走一小段路 wait a little while  等一会儿 3  trivial; relatively unimportant 琐碎的，无价值的；比较不重要的  exaggerates every little difficulty  夸大了每个微小的困难 4  operating on a small scale 小规模经营的  the little shopkeeper  小店主 5  as a distinctive epithet 作表示独特性质的修饰词 :a  of a smaller or the smallest size etc. (形体等)更小的，最小的  little finger  小拇指b  that is the smaller or smallest of the name (名称)更小的；最小的  little auk  小海雀 little grebe  小 6  young or younger 年轻的；更年轻的  a little boy  小男孩 my little sister  我的小妹妹 7  as of a child, evoking tenderness, condescension, amusement, etc. 孩子似的，幼小的；引起温柔、亲近、快乐等感觉  we know their little ways  我们知道他们的鬼点子 8  mean, paltry, contemptible 卑鄙的，可鄙的，不值一谈的  you little sneak  你这卑鄙小人 ●det.  1 (prec. by 前接 a)  a certain though small amount of 一点点，一些  give me a little butter  给我一些黄油 2  not much; inconsiderable 少许；少得几乎没有  gained little advantage from it  从中未得到多少好处 ●pron.  1  not much; only a small amount 不多；仅仅一点点  got very little out of it  从中几乎什么也没有得到 did what little I could  尽了微薄之力 2 (usu. prec. by a determiner 通常前接限定词)  a  a certain but no great amount 一些，一点点  knows a little of everything  每件事都知道一些 every little helps  每一点微小的帮助b  a short time or distance 短时间；短距离  after a little  过了一会儿 ●adv. (less, least)  1  to a small extent only 仅仅一点点，稍微  little-known authors  不知名的作家 is little more than speculation  与推断的差不多 2  not at all; hardly 一点也不；几乎没有  they little thought  他们几乎没有想到 3 (prec. by 前接 a)  somewhat 有些，有点儿  is a little deaf  有点聋 □ in little   on a small scale 小规模的□ little by little   by degrees; gradually 一点点地；逐渐地□ little or nothing   hardly anything 几乎没有什么东西□ no little   considerable; a good deal of 不少的，许多的  took no little trouble over it  这件事上碰到了许多麻烦□ not a little ● n.  much; a great deal 很多，许多 ●adv.  extremely 十分，极端地  not a little concerned  极其关注□ littleness  n.   [Old English lyˉtel, from Germanic]

little auk n.  a small Arctic auk, Plautus alle 北冰洋小海乌

Little Bear n. Astron. 【天】  = URSA MINOR 

little end n. Mech.  the smaller end of a connecting rod, attached to the piston 【机】(与活塞相连的)小头，小端

little finger n.  the smallest finger, at the outer end of the hand 小拇指

little grebe n.  a small waterbird of the grebe family, Tachybaptus ruficollis 小(一种科水鸟)

little green man n.  an imaginary person of peculiar appearance, esp. from outer space Cf. 参见 GREEN MAN (假想的)外貌古怪的人(尤指外星人)

little man n.  1 esp. joc. (as a form of address) a boy [尤诙] (作为一种称呼)小(男)孩 2  the average ‘man in the street’ 老百姓

little ones n. pl.  young children or animals 小孩；幼小动物

little owl n.  a small owl, Athene noctua, of Africa and Eurasia, with speckled plumage 纵纹腹小鸮(体小的鸮枭，产于非洲和欧亚，羽毛上有斑纹)。

little people n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  fairies 小精灵

Little Russian n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  a Ukrainian 小俄罗斯人(乌克兰人) ●adj.  Ukrainian 乌克兰语的

little slam n. Bridge 【桥牌】  = SMALL SLAM 

little woman n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq. often derog.  one's wife [口] [常贬]妻子，老婆

littoral /ˈlit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or on the shore of the sea, a lake, etc. (在)海滨的(湖滨的等) ●n.  a region lying along a shore 沿海地区 [Latin littoralis from litus litoris ‘shore’]

littérateur /litərɑ:ˈtɜ:/ n.  a literary person 文学家，文人，作家 [French]

liturgical /liˈtɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  of or related to liturgies or public worship 礼拜仪式的；与礼拜仪式相关的 □ liturgically  adv.  □ liturgist  /ˈlitədʒist/ n.   [medieval Latin from Greek leitourgikos (as LITURGY)]

liturgy /ˈlitədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a form of public worship, esp. in the Christian Church (尤指基督教的)礼拜仪式b  a set of formularies for this 一套礼拜礼仪c  public worship in accordance with a prescribed form (根据规定的仪式举行的)礼拜 2 (作 Liturgy)  the Communion office of the Orthodox Church (东正教的)圣餐仪式 3 (作 the Liturgy)  the Book of Common Prayer 公祷书 4 Gk Hist.  a public office or duty performed voluntarily by a rich Athenian [希]【史】(雅典富人奉行的)感恩礼拜仪式 [French liturgie or Late Latin liturgia from Greek leitourgia ‘public service, worship of the gods’, via leitourgos ‘minister’ from leit- ‘public’ + ergon ‘work’]

livable var.  of LIVEABLE  LIVEABLE 的变体

live1 /liv/ v.  1 intr.  be or remain alive; have (esp. animal) life 活着；(尤指动物的)有生命 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  subsist or feed 食…为生，用…喂养  lives on fruit  靠水果维持生命 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, off)  depend for subsistence 依赖…活命，靠…生活  lives off the family  靠家庭生活 lives on income from investments  依靠投资收入生活 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, by)  sustain one's position or repute 靠地位(或名誉)过日子  live on their reputation  靠他们的声誉过日子 lives by his wits  靠他的智慧过日子 5 tr.  a (with compl. 带补足语)  spend, pass, experience 过着，度过，经历  lived a happy life  过着幸福的生活b  express in one's life 为人，处世  was living a lie  过着虚伪的生活 6 intr.  spend or lead one's life; conduct oneself in a specified way 生活，过日子；以某种方式活着  live quietly  过着平静的生活 7 intr.  arrange one's habits, expenditure, feeding, etc. 安排生活(包括习俗、花费、饮食等)  live modestly  过朴素的生活 8 intr.  make or have one's abode (使)居住 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  spend the daytime 打发时光  the room does not seem to be lived in  这房间看来不能住人 10 intr. (of a person or thing) survive (人或物)继续生存 11 intr. (of a ship) escape destruction (船只)度过劫难 12 intr.  enjoy life intensely or to the full 享受到生活乐趣  you haven't lived till you've drunk champagne  喝了香槟酒，你才享受到了生活的乐趣 □ live and let live   condone others' failings so as to be similarly tolerated 自己活也让别人活；宽容别人，别人也会宽容你□ live down  (usu. with neg. 通常和否定词连用)  cause (past guilt, embarrassment, etc.) to be forgotten by different conduct over a period of time (通过一段时间的行动)使人忘却丑事(尴尬等)  you'll never live that down!  你永远也不能让人忘记那件丑闻！□ live in  (of a domestic employee, student, etc.) reside on the premises of one's work, college, etc. (内部职工、学生等)居住在工作的地方(学校等)□ live it up  colloq.  enjoy life in an active and extravagant way [口]纵情享乐□ live out   1  survive (a danger, difficulty, etc.) (经历过危险、困难等)继续活着 2 (of a domestic employee, student, etc.) reside away from one's place of work, college, etc. (内部职工、学生等)不住在工作的地方(学校等)□ live through   survive; remain alive at the end of 幸存；度过□ live to   survive and reach 活到  lived to a great age  活到很大的岁数□ live to oneself   live in isolation 过孤独的生活□ live together  (esp. of a man and woman not married to each other) share a home and have a sexual relationship (尤指未婚男女)同居□ live up to   honour or fulfil; put into practice (principles etc.) 无愧于；达到，完成(目标)；实践(原则等)□ live with   1  share a home with 和…住在一起 2  tolerate; find congenial 容忍；与…合得来□ long live ...!   an exclamation of loyalty (to a person etc. specified) (向某一特定人物等表忠心)…万岁！  [Old English libban, lifian, from Germanic]

live2 /laiv/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (作 attrib.)  that is alive; living 有生命的，活的 2  a (of a broadcast) heard or seen at the time of its performance, not from a recording (广播)实况转播的，现场直播的b  taking place concurrently 现场同步的，同时发生的  live telephone bidding  现场电话投标 3  full of power, energy, or importance; not obsolete or exhausted 精力充沛的，充满活力的，重要的；当前的，当今的  disarmament is still a live issue  裁军仍是当今的热门话题 4  expending or still able to expend energy in various forms, esp. 扩散能量，尤指 :a (of coals) glowing, burning (煤)发着光的，燃烧着的b (of a shell) unexploded (炮弹)未爆炸的c (of a match) unkindled (火柴)未划过的d (of a wire, terminal, device, etc.) connected to a source of electrical power (电线、终端、设备等)接通电源的 5 (of rock) not detached, seeming to form part of the earth's frame (岩石)未采掘的，原生的 6 (of a wheel or axle etc. in machinery) moving or imparting motion (机器的轮、轴等)驱动的；传动的 ●adv.  in order to make a live broadcast; as a live performance 作实况转播；以现场直播形式  going over live now to the House of Commons  现正转向下议院作实况转播 the show went out live  演出是实况转播 □ go live  Computing (of a system) become operational 【计算】(系统)即可运行的 [aphetic form of ALIVE]

liveable /ˈlivəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 livable)  1 (of a house, room, climate, etc.) fit to live in (房子、房间、气候等)适宜于居住的，适宜于生活的 2 (of a life) worth living (生活)有生活价值的 3 (usu. 通常作 liveable with) colloq. (of a person) companionable; easy to live with [口] (人)好相处的；易于共同生活的 □ liveability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ liveableness  n.  

live bait n.  small fish used to entice prey (用小鱼做的)活鱼饵

lived-in adj.  1 (of a room etc.) showing signs of habitation (房间等)有居住痕迹的 2 colloq. (of a face) marked by experience [口] (脸)显示有经验的，饱经风霜的

live-in attrib. adj.  1 (of a sexual partner) cohabiting (性对象)同居的 2  resident 住雇主家的  live-in nanny  住雇主家的保姆

livelihood /ˈlaivlihʊd/ n.  a means of living; sustenance 生活的手段；生计 [Old English līflɑˉd, from līf LIFE + lɑˉd ‘course’ (see LOAD): assimilated to obsolete livelihood ‘liveliness’]

live load n.  the weight of persons or goods in a building or vehicle 活荷载

livelong1 /ˈlivlɒŋ/ adj. poet. or literary  in its entire length or apparently so [诗] [文学用语]整个的；漫长的  the livelong day  整整一天 [Middle English lefe longe (as LIEF, LONG1): assimilated to LIVE1]

livelong2 /ˈlivlɒŋ/ n.  = ORPINE  [LIVE1 + LONG1]

lively /ˈlaivli/ adj. (livelier, liveliest)  1  full of life; vigorous, energetic 充满活力的，活跃的，精力充沛的 2  brisk 轻快的，活泼的  a lively pace  轻快的步子 3  vigorous, stimulating 有力的，热烈的，激烈的  a lively discussion  热烈的讨论 4  vivacious, jolly, sociable 快活的，欢乐的，热情的 5 esp. Brit. joc.  exciting, dangerous, difficult [尤英] [诙]令人紧张的，危险的，麻烦的  the press is making things lively for them  新闻界正在给他们制造麻烦 6 (of a colour) bright and vivid (色彩)强烈的，鲜艳的 7  lifelike, realistic 生动的，逼真的  a lively description  生动的描绘 8 (of a boat etc.) rising lightly to the waves (船等)行驶轻便的 □ look lively   see 见 look □ livelily  adv.  □ liveliness  n.   [Old English līflic (as LIFE, -LY1)]

liven /ˈlaiv(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq.  make or become more lively [口]使活跃，使愉快，变得有生气

live oak n.  an American evergreen tree, Quercus virginiana 弗吉尼亚栎(美洲常青树)

liver1 /ˈlivə/ n.  1  a  a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, functioning in many metabolic processes including the regulation of toxic materials in the blood, secreting bile, etc. 肝脏(位于腹腔内的大型叶状腺性器官，起新陈代谢作用，包括清理血液中有毒物质，分泌胆汁等)b  a similar organ in other animals (其他动物的)肝 2  the flesh of an animal's liver as food (食用的)肝 3 (in full 全称 liver colour)  a dark reddish brown 肝色，红褐色 [Old English lifer, from Germanic]

liver2 /ˈlivə/ n.  a person who lives in a specified way 过某种生活的人  a clean liver  洁身自好的人

liver chestnut n.  a dark kind of chestnut horse 深栗色马

liver-coloured adj.  of liver colour (see 见 LIVER1 3) 红褐色的

liver fluke n.  either of two types of fluke, esp. Fasciola hepatica, the adults of which live within the liver tissues of vertebrates, and the larvae within snails 肝吸虫，肝蛭

liverish /ˈliv(ə)riʃ/ adj.  1  suffering from a disorder of the liver 患肝病的 2  peevish, glum 易怒的，忧郁的 □ liverishly  adv.  □ liverishness  n.  

liver of sulphur n.  a liver-coloured mixture containing potassium sulphide etc., used as a lotion in skin disease 硫肝(皮肤病洗剂，色如肝，内含硫化钾等)

Liverpool /ˈlivəpu:l/ n.  利物浦 [英国港市]

Liverpudlian /livəˈpʌdliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Liverpool in NW England (英格兰西北部的)利物浦人 ●adj.  of or relating to Liverpool 利物浦的；与利物浦有关的 [jocular from Liverpool + PUDDLE]

liver salts n. pl. Brit.  salts to cure dyspepsia or biliousness [英]治肝盐(治疗消化不良或肝胆疾病)

liver sausage n. esp. Brit.  a sausage containing cooked liver etc. [尤英]肝泥香肠

liverwort /ˈlivəwɜ:t/ n.  any small leafy or thalloid bryophyte of the class Hepaticae, of which some have liver-shaped parts (獐耳细辛属)叶苔(有的呈肝叶状)

livery1 /ˈliv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  distinctive clothing worn by a member of a City Company, a servant, an official, etc. (伦敦商会成员、仆人或官员等穿的)制服，号衣b  membership of a City livery company 伦敦同业公会会员 2  a distinctive colour scheme in which the vehicles, aircraft, etc., of a particular company or line are painted (公司或航线的车辆、飞机等上涂刷的)标志性色彩，特色彩图 3 US [美]  = LIVERY STABLE  4 hist.  a provision of food or clothing for retainers etc. [史义] (给仆人等的)衣物(或食品)的供应 5 Law 【法律】  a  the legal delivery of property 财产(所有权)的交付，让渡b  a writ allowing this 让与证书 □ at livery  (of a horse) kept for the owner and fed and groomed for a fixed charge (马匹)收费的代养□ liveried  adj. (esp. in senses 1a, 2 尤用于释义 1a 和释义 2)   [Middle English from Anglo-French liveré, Old French livrée, fem. past part. of livrer DELIVER]

livery2 /ˈlivəri/ adj.  1  of the consistency or colour of liver 像肝的 2 Brit. (of soil) heavy, tenacious [英] (土壤)粘性的 3 colloq.  liverish [口]患肝病的

livery company n. Brit.  one of the London City Companies that formerly had a distinctive costume [英]伦敦同业公会(旧时规定穿特殊的服装)

liveryman /ˈliv(ə)rimən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a member of a livery company [英]同业公会成员 2  a keeper of or attendant in a livery stable 代养马房店主(或伙计)

livery stable n.  a stable where horses are kept at livery or let out for hire 马房，马店，马行

lives pl.  of LIFE  

livestock /ˈlaivstɒk/ n. (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  animals, esp. on a farm, regarded as an asset (尤指看作农庄资产的)牲畜，家畜

liveware /ˈlaivwɛə/ n.  working personnel, esp. computer personnel, as distinct from the inanimate or abstract things they work with 活件(尤指计算机工作人员) (以区别和他们一起工作的无生命的东西或抽象的东西)

live wire n. colloq.  an energetic and forceful person [口]富有朝气的人，精力饱满的人

Livia /ˈliviə/   利维亚 [人名]

livid /ˈlivid/ adj.  1 colloq.  furiously angry [口]愤怒的，怒气冲冲的 2  a  of a bluish leaden colour 铅灰色的b  discoloured as by a bruise (因淤伤而变得)乌青色的 □ lividity  /liˈviditi/ n.  □ lividly  adv.  □ lividness  n.   [French livide or Latin lividus from livēre ‘be bluish’]

living /ˈliviŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a livelihood or means of maintenance 生活，生存，生计  made my living as a journalist  我当记者维持生计 what does she do for a living?  她以什么谋生？ 2 Brit. Eccl.  a position as a vicar or rector with an income or property [英]【教会】(有俸禄的)牧师职位 3 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  those who are alive 活着的人 ●adj.  1  contemporary; now existent 当代的；现存的，活着的  the greatest living poet  当今最伟大的诗人 2 (of a likeness or image of a person) exact (人的肖像、形态)逼真的，活生生的 3 (of a language) still in vernacular use (语言)民间仍使用的 4 (of water) perennially flowing (水)不断流淌的 5 (of rock etc.) = LIVE2 5 (岩石等) □ within living memory   within the memory of people still living 永远活在世人心中

living death n.  a state of hopeless misery 活地狱

living room n.  a room for general day use 起居室

living wage n.  a wage that affords the means of normal subsistence 维持生活的工资，基本生活工资

living will n.  a written statement (but not legally binding) of a person's desire not to be kept alive by artificial means in circumstances such as terminal illness or serious accident 生存意愿书，活遗嘱(一种书面声明，表示在病入膏肓或严重事故的情况下，不愿用人工方法延续生命的意愿，但不受法律约束)

lixiviate /likˈsivieit/ v. tr.  separate (a substance) into soluble and insoluble constituents by the percolation of liquid; leach 用滤液分离；沥滤 □ lixiviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin lixivius ‘made into lye’ from lix ‘lye’]

Liz /liz/   利兹 [人名]

Liza /ˈlaizə/   莉莎 [人名]

lizard /ˈlizəd/ n.  any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia or Sauria, having usu. a long body and tail, four legs, movable eyelids, and a rough or scaly hide 蜥蜴，蜥蜴亚目爬行动物 [Middle English via Old French lesard(e) from Latin lacertus]

Lizzie /ˈlizi/   利齐 [人名]

Lizzy /ˈlizi/   利齐 [人名]

LJ abbr. (pl. L JJ) Brit.  Lord Justice [缩略] [英]上诉法院法官

'll abbr. colloq. (usu. after pronouns 通常用于代词后)  shall, will [缩略] [口]将，要  I'll  我要 that'll  那将

LL abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Lord Lieutenant 

ll. abbr. [缩略]  lines 

llama /ˈlɑ:mə/ n.  1  a S. American ruminant, Lama glama, kept as a beast of burden and for its soft woolly fleece (南美)美洲驼 2  the wool from this animal, or cloth made from it 美洲驼的驼毛(或驼毛织物) [Spanish, probably from Quechua]

llanero /lɑ:ˈnɛərəʊ, lj-/ n. (pl. -os)  an inhabitant of a llano 南美洲草原牧民 [Spanish]

llano /ˈlɑ:nəʊ, ˈljɑ:-/ n. (pl. -os)  a treeless grassy plain or steppe, esp. in S. America 南美洲草原 [Spanish, from Latin planum ‘plain’]

LL B abbr.  Bachelor of Laws [缩略]法学学士 [Latin legum baccalaureus]

LL D abbr.  Doctor of Laws [缩略]法学博士 [Latin legum doctor]

LL M abbr.  Master of Laws [缩略]法学硕士 [Latin legum magister]

Lloyd's /lɔidz/ n.  an incorporated society of insurance underwriters in London (伦敦)劳埃德(商船)保险社 [after the original meeting in a coffee house established in 1688 by Edward Lloyd]

Lloyd's List n.  a daily publication devoted to shipping news 劳埃德日报(登载海运信息)

Lloyd's Register n.  1  an annual alphabetical list of ships assigned to various classes 劳埃德(船级)年鉴 2  a society that produces this 劳埃德(船级)年鉴社

LM abbr. [缩略]  1  long metre 长韵律 2  lunar module 登月舱

lm abbr. [缩略]  lumen(s) 

LMS abbr. [缩略]  1  local management of schools (地区的)学校管理部门 2 hist.  London Midland and Scottish (Railway) [史义]伦敦英格兰中部苏格兰铁路

ln abbr.  natural logarithm [缩略]自然对数 [modern Latin logarithmus naturalis]

LNB abbr.  low noise blocker (on a satellite dish) [缩略] (卫星碟形天线上的)低杂音阻截器

LNER abbr. hist.  London and North-Eastern Railway [缩略] [史义]伦敦东北铁路

lo /ləʊ/ int. archaic  calling attention to an amazing sight [古义] (表示惊讶，引起对惊人情景的注意)看哪！瞧！  □ lo and behold  joc.  a formula introducing a surprising or unexpected fact [诙]瞧，真怪！  [Old English lɑˉ, int. of surprise etc., Middle English lō = lōke LOOK]

loach /ləʊtʃ/ n.  any small edible freshwater fish of the family Cobitidae 泥鳅 [Middle English from Old French loche, of unknown origin]

load /ləʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  what is carried or is to be carried; a burden 负载物；负荷b  an amount usu. or actually carried 负荷量；负载量 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : a busload of tourists  一车旅客 a lorry-load of bricks  一卡车砖 2  a unit of measure or weight of certain substances 计量单位；重量单位 3  a burden or commitment of work, responsibility, care, grief, etc. (工作、责任、关心、忧虑等的)负担；担子 4 colloq. [口]  a (in pl. 用复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 of)  plenty; a lot 很多，许多b (作 a load of)  a quantity of 大量  a load of nonsense  一派胡言 5  a Electr.  the amount of power supplied by a generating system at any given time 【电】发电量b Electronics  an impedance or circuit that receives or develops the output of a transistor or other device 【电子学】阻抗件；输出接收(或处理)线路 6  the weight or force borne by the supporting part of a structure (结构支撑部分的)负重；负载力 7  a material object or force acting as a weight or clog 重力物；阻力 8  the resistance of machinery to motive power (机器的)动力负荷 ●v.  1 tr.  a  put a load on or aboard (a person, vehicle, ship, etc.) 在(人身上、车上、船上等)装货b  place (a load or cargo) aboard a ship, on a vehicle, etc. 装(货、物品)到船上(车上等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a ship, vehicle, or person) take a load aboard, pick up a load (船、车或人)装上货 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be a weight or burden upon; oppress 使负重，使担负；使受压  loaded with responsibilities  担负责任 4 tr.  add material weight to; strain the bearing-capacity of 加重量于；使…满负荷  loaded the table with food  桌子上摆满了食物 5 tr. (also 亦作 load up) (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  supply overwhelmingly 极大程度地供应  loaded us with work  给我们排满了工作b  assail overwhelmingly 势不可挡地攻击  loaded us with abuse  把我们痛骂了一顿 6 tr.  charge (a firearm) with ammunition 把弹药装进(武器) 7 tr.  insert (the required operating medium) in a device, e.g. film in a camera, magnetic tape in a tape recorder, a program into a computer, etc. (给相机、录音机和计算机等)装入(胶卷、磁带、程序等) 8 tr.  add an extra charge to (an insurance premium) in the case of a poorer risk (在风险更大的情况下对保险费)加收额外费用 9 tr.  a  weight with lead 用铅加重b  give a bias to (dice, a roulette wheel, etc.) with weights (加重)使(骰子、轮盘赌轮)产生偏重心 □ get a load of  slang  listen attentively to; notice [俚语]细心听；注意看 [Old English lɑˉd ‘way, journey, conveyance’, from Germanic: related to LEAD1, LODE]

load displacement n. (also 亦作 load draught)  the displacement of a ship when laden (船)满载时的排水量

loaded /ˈləʊdid/ adj.  1  bearing or carrying a load 有负荷的；载货的；满载的 2 slang [俚语]  a  wealthy 富有的b  drunk 醉了的c US  drugged [美]吸毒的 3 (of dice etc.) weighted or given a bias (骰子等)偏重心的 4 (of a question or statement) charged with some hidden or improper implication (问题或陈述)另有含义的；含蓄的 5 N. Amer. colloq. (of a car etc.) equipped with optional extras; de luxe [北美口] (轿车等)装有任选附加件的；豪华的

loader /ˈləʊdə/ n.  1  a loading machine 装卸设备；装弹机 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a gun, machine, lorry, etc., loaded in a specified way 按照某种特殊方法装填的枪炮(机器、卡车等)  breech-loader  后装式机械 3  an attendant who loads guns at a shoot 装弹手 □ -loading  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

loading /ˈləʊdiŋ/ n.  1 Electr.  the maximum current or power taken by an appliance 【电】(设备使用的)最大电流(电力) 2  an increase in an insurance premium due to a factor increasing the risk involved (see 见 LOAD v. 8) (因风险加大)附加保险费 3 Austral.  an increment added to a basic wage for special skills etc. [澳] (给特殊技能等增加的)额外工资

load line n.  a Plimsoll line (船的)载重线标志

loadstar var.  of LODESTAR  LODESTAR 的变体

loadstone var.  of LODESTONE  LODESTONE 的变体

loaf1 /ləʊf/ n. (pl. loaves /ləʊvz/)  1  a portion of baked bread, usu. of a standard size or shape (通常按标准的形状和大小烤制的)面包 2  a quantity of other food formed into a particular shape (有特定形状的)其他食品  sugar loaf  糖块 meat loaf  肉块 3 Brit. slang  the head, esp. as a source of common sense [英] [俚语]头部(尤指脑)  use your loaf  动动你的脑子 [Old English hlɑˉf, from Germanic]

loaf2 /ləʊf/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  spend time idly; hang about 消磨时光；闲逛 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  waste (time) idly 消磨掉(时间)  loafed away the morning  瞎晃荡掉一个上午 3 intr.  saunter 闲混日子 ●n.  an act or spell of loafing 闲逛；消磨的时间 [probably a back-formation from LOAFER]

loafer /ˈləʊfə/ n.  1  an idle person 游手好闲的人 2 propr.  a leather shoe shaped like a moccasin with a flat heel [商标]平跟船鞋 [perhaps from German Landlɑ¨ufer ‘vagabond’]

loaf sugar n.  a sugar loaf as a whole or cut into lumps 面包形糖块；切成小块的糖块

loam /ləʊm/ n.  1  a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus 壤土，沃土 2  a paste of clay and water with sand, chopped straw, etc., used in making bricks, plastering, etc. (由泥和水掺杂沙、切细的草等和成的)粘沙土(可制砖，抹墙等) □ loamy  adj.  □ loaminess  n.   [Old English lɑˉm from West Germanic: related to LIME1]

loan1 /ləʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something lent, esp. a sum of money to be returned normally with interest 出借物；(尤指)借款，贷款 2  the act of lending or state of being lent 出借；贷与 3  funds acquired by the State, esp. from individuals, and regarded as a debt (尤指国家向个人贷款而发行的)公债，国债 4  a word, custom, etc., adopted by one people from another 外来词语(外来习俗等) ●v. tr. disp.  lend (esp. money) [异议]借出(尤指钱) □ on loan   acquired or given as a loan 贷与的；借出的□ loanable  adj.  □ loanee  /ləʊˈni:/ n.  □ loaner  n.   [Middle English lan from Old Norse lɑˊn, from Germanic: cf. LEND]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the verb loan to mean ‘lend’ has some justification where a business loan is in question, e.g. The gas industry is loaning money to the government, but is considered incorrect by many people as a mere variant for lend. 在商业借贷中，以动词 loan 表示“ lend ”(借出)还有些道理，例如 : The gas industry is loaning money to the govenment (煤气行业借钱给政府)一句，但很多人认为把 loan 一词纯然当作 lend 的变体是不正确的。 

loan2 /ləʊn/ n. (also 亦作 loaning /ˈləʊniŋ/) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a lane 小路 2  an open place where cows are milked 挤牛奶场 [Middle English variant of LANE]

loanholder /ˈləʊnhəʊldə/ n.  1  a person holding securities for a loan 债券持有人 2  a mortgagee (抵押的)受押人

loan shark n. colloq.  a person who lends money at exorbitant rates of interest [口]放高利贷者

loan-translation n.  an expression adopted by one language from another in a more or less literally translated form 仿造语，翻译借用语

loanword /ˈləʊnwɜ:d/ n.  a word adopted, usu. with little modification, from a foreign language 外来词语，借用语

loath /ləʊθ/ predic. adj. (also 亦作 loth) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  disinclined, reluctant, unwilling 不愿意的，讨厌的，不情愿的  was loath to admit it  不愿意承认 [Old English lɑˉth, from Germanic]

loathe /ləʊð/ v. tr.  regard with disgust; abominate, detest 厌恶；讨厌；憎恨 □ loather  n.  □ loathing  n.   [Old English lɑˉthian from Germanic, related to LOATH]

loathsome /ˈləʊðs(ə)m/ adj.  arousing hatred or disgust; offensive, repulsive 令人憎恨的，令人厌恶的；使人反感的，令人讨厌的 □ loathsomely  adv.  □ loathsomeness  n.   [Middle English, via loath ‘disgust’ from LOATHE]

loaves pl.  of LOAF1  

lob /lɒb/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (lobbed, lobbing)  1  hit or throw (a ball or missile etc.) slowly or in a high arc 发出高弧线(球)；发射高抛物线(火箭等) 2  send (an opponent) a lobbed ball 吊高球(给对手) ●n.  1  a  a ball struck in a high arc 高弧线球b  a stroke producing this result 吊高球 2 Cricket  a slow underarm ball 【板球】速度慢的低手球 [earlier as noun, probably from Low Dutch]

lobar /ˈləʊbə/ adj.  1  of the lungs 肺的  lobar pneumonia  大叶性肺炎 2  of, relating to, or affecting a lobe 肺叶的；与肺有关的；影响肺叶的

lobate /ˈləʊbeit/ adj. Biol.  having a lobe or lobes 【生】有叶的 □ lobation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

lobby /ˈlɒbi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a porch, ante-room, entrance hall, or corridor 门厅；前厅；入口大厅；走廊 2  a (in the House of Commons) a large hall used esp. for interviews between MPs and members of the public (下议院中的)接待厅(尤指下院议员与公众会面的场所)b (also 亦作 division lobby)  each of two corridors to which MPs retire to vote 议员的二个投票厅之一 3  a  a body of persons seeking to influence legislators on behalf of a particular interest (游说立法者的)院外活动团体  the anti-abortion lobby  反对人工流产的游说团体b  an organized attempt by members of the public to influence legislators 游说(立法者)的计划  a lobby of MPs  游说议员的活动 4 (prec. by 前接 the) (in the UK) a group of journalists who receive unattributable briefings from the government (英国)听取政府各类新闻发布的记者群  lobby correspondent  采访议员的记者 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  solicit the support of (an influential person) 游说，疏通(有影响的人物)以获取支持 2 tr. (of members of the public) seek to influence (the members of a legislature) (公众)对(立法成员)施加影响 3 intr.  frequent a parliamentary lobby 常去议会接待厅 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  get (a bill etc.) through a legislature, by interviews etc. in the lobby (经过与议员会谈等)使(议案等)通过立法机构 □ lobbyer  n.  □ lobbyist  n.   [medieval Latin lobia, lobium LODGE]

lobe /ləʊb/ n.  1  a roundish and flattish projecting or pendulous part, often each of two or more such parts divided by a fissure 分裂开的部分，裂片(或叶)  lobes of the brain  脑叶 2  = EAR LOBE  □ lobed  adj.  □ lobeless  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek lobos ‘lobe, pod’]

lobectomy /ləʊbˈektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ such as the thyroid gland, lung, etc. (甲状腺、肺等的)叶切除术

lobelia /ləˈbi:liə/ n.  any plant of the genus Lobelia, with blue, scarlet, white, or purple flowers having a deeply cleft corolla 半边莲属植物 [named after M. de Lobel, Flemish botanist to James I, d. 1616]

lobotomy /ləˈbɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Med.  surgical incision into a lobe, esp. the prefrontal lobe of the brain (cf. 参见 LEUCOTOMY) 【医】(尤指前脑叶的)叶切断术 □ lobotomize  v. tr. (also -ise)   [LOBE + -O- + -TOMY]

lobscouse /ˈlɒbskaʊs/ n.  a sailor's dish of meat stewed with vegetables and ship's biscuit (海员食用的)肉、菜、饼干烩煮成的杂烩 [18th c.: origin unknown: cf. Dutch lapskous, Danish, Norwegian, German Lapskaus]

lobster /ˈlɒbstə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any large marine crustacean of the family Nephropidae, with stalked eyes and two pincer-like claws as the first pair of ten limbs 大螯虾，龙虾 2  its flesh as food 螯虾肉，龙虾肉 ●v. intr.  catch lobsters 捕龙虾 [Old English lopustre, corruption of Latin locusta ‘crustacean, locust’]

lobster pot n.  a basket in which lobsters are trapped 捕龙虾篓

lobster thermidor /ˈθɜ:midɔ:/ n.  a mixture of lobster meat, mushrooms, cream, egg yolks, and sherry, cooked in a lobster shell (由龙虾肉、蘑菇、奶油、蛋黄、雪利酒烹煮的)蘑菇龙虾 [thermidor from the name of the 11th month of the French revolutionary calendar]

lobule /ˈlɒbju:l/ n. esp. Anat.  a small lobe (尤)【解】小叶 □ lobular  adj.  □ lobulate  /-lət/ adj.   [LOBE]

lobworm /ˈlɒbwɜ:m/ n.  1  a large earthworm used as fishing bait 沙蠋(作鱼饵) 2  = LUGWORM  [LOB in obsolete sense ‘pendulous object’]

local /ˈləʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  belonging to or existing in a particular place or places 地方性的；当地的；地区性的 2  peculiar to or only encountered in a particular place or places 地区独有的；有地方特色的 3  of or belonging to the neighbourhood 本地的，附近地区的  the local doctor  本地医生 4  of or affecting a part and not the whole, esp. of the body 局部的(尤指身体)  local pain  局部疼痛 5 (of a telephone call) to a nearby place and charged at a lower rate (电话)本地通话的 6  in regard to place 关于地方的，与地方有关的 ●n. a local person or thing, esp. 地区性的人(或事物)，尤指 :  1  an inhabitant of a particular place regarded with reference to that place 当地人，本地人 2  a local train, bus, etc. (每站都停的)火车；(市内)公共汽车等 3 (often prec. by 常前接 the) Brit. colloq.  a local public house [英口]本地小酒馆 4  a local anaesthetic 局部麻醉剂 5 N. Amer.  a local branch of a trade union [北美] (工会的)地方分会 □ locally  adv.  □ localness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin localis from Latin locus ‘place’]

local anaesthetic n.  an anaesthetic that affects a restricted area of the body 局部麻醉剂

local area network n.  a computer network in which computers in close proximity are able to communicate with each other and share resources (计算机)局域网

local authority n. Brit.  an administrative body in local government [英]地方当局

local bus n.  1  a bus service operating over short distances 短途公共汽车 2  a computer connection directly from a microprocessor to an adjacent peripheral device such as a video system, allowing rapid transmission of data 局域总线(微处理器和周围设备，如视频系统的直接连接)

local derby n.  a match between two teams from the same district (来自)同城(或同一地区的两支队伍之间的)大战(赛)

locale /ləʊˈkɑ:l/ n.  a scene or locality, esp. with reference to an event or occurrence taking place there 事发现场；事发地点 [French local (n.) (as LOCAL), respelt to indicate stress: cf. MORALE]

local government n.  a system of administration of a county, district, parish, etc. by the elected representatives of those who live there 地方政府

localism /ˈləʊk(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  preference for what is local 对风土习俗的偏爱(喜好) 2  a local idiom, custom, etc. 土语，方言(地方习惯语、地方习俗等) 3  a  attachment to a place 地方观念b  a limitation of ideas etc. resulting from this (思想等)地方主义

locality /lə(ʊ)ˈkæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a district or neighbourhood 地区；街道 2  the site or scene of something, esp. in relation to its surroundings 地点；现场(尤指与周围环境有关) 3  the position of a thing; the place where it is 方位；位置 [French localité or Late Latin localitas (as LOCAL)]

localize /ˈləʊk(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  restrict or assign to a particular place 使局限于某地区；使局部化 2  invest with the characteristics of a particular place 使具有地方性色彩 3  attach to districts; decentralize 使地方化；使分散到地方 □ localizable  adj.  □ localization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

local option n.  a choice at local or district level as to whether to accept national legislation 地方选择权(选择是否采用国家的法规)

local preacher n.  a Methodist lay person authorized to conduct services in a particular circuit (卫理公会教的)地区布道教友

local time n.  1  time measured from the sun's transit over the meridian of a place 地方时 2  time as reckoned in a particular region or time zone, esp. with reference to an event reported from it 当地时间  we arrived at one o'clock local time  我们于当地时间一点到达

local train n.  a train stopping at all the stations on its route 慢车(每站都停的火车)

local veto n. esp. US [尤美]  = LOCAL OPTION 

locate /lə(ʊ)ˈkeit/ v.  1 tr.  discover the exact place or position of 找到…的确实地点(方位)  locate the enemy's camp  找到了敌营的位置 2 tr.  establish or install in a place or in its proper place 设置…在某地 3 tr.  state the locality of 指出…的位置 4 tr. (in passive 用被动)  be situated 位于 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in) N. Amer.  take up residence or business (in a place) [北美]居住(在某地)；(在某地)做生意 □ locatable  adj.  □ locator  n.   [Latin locare locat- from locus ‘place’]■Usage 用法说明 In standard English, it is not acceptable to use locate to mean merely ‘find’, as in I couldn't locate my key. 在标准英语中，“ locate ”仅仅用作“ find ”(发现)的意思是不可接受的，如 I couldn't locate my key (我找不到钥匙)一句中的 locate 用得就不妥。 

location /lə(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a particular place; the place or position in which a person or thing is 场所；地点，位置 2  the act of locating or process of being located 定位；测定 3  an actual place or natural setting featured in a film or broadcast, as distinct from a simulation in a studio (电影或广播中的)实景地点，自然背景(有别于电影棚内的模拟景物)  filmed entirely on location  完全是在外景地拍摄的 4 S. Afr.  an area where blacks are obliged to live, usu. on the outskirts of a town or city [南非]黑人居住区(通常在城郊) □ locational  adj.   [Latin locatio (as LOCATE)]

locative /ˈlɒkətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, expressing location (名词、代词和形容词的)方位格 ●adj.  of or in the locative 方位格的，用方位格的 [LOCATE + -IVE, on the pattern of vocative]

loc. cit. /lɒk ˈsit/ abbr.  in the passage already cited [缩略]在上述引文中 [Latin loco citato]

loch /lɒk, lɒx/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a lake 湖 2  an arm of the sea, esp. when narrow or partially landlocked (尤指狭长的或部分被陆地包围的)海湾 [Middle English from Gaelic]

lochia /ˈlɒkiə, ˈləʊ-/ n. Med.  a (normal) discharge from the uterus after childbirth 【医】(正常的)恶露(产后子宫分泌物) □ lochial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek lokhia, neut. pl. of lokhios ‘of childbirth’]

loci pl.  of LOCUS  

loci classici pl.  of LOCUS CLASSICUS  

lock1 /lɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mechanism for fastening a door, lid, etc., with a bolt that requires a key of a particular shape, or a combination of movements (see COMBINATION LOCK), to work it 锁(闩住门、盖子等的机械装置，需用钥匙或动作组合开启) 2  a confined section of a canal or river where the level can be changed for raising and lowering boats between adjacent sections by the use of gates and sluices (运河或河流等的)船闸 3  a  the turning of the front wheels of a vehicle to change its direction of motion (车辆)前轮转向角b (in full 全称 full lock)  the maximum extent of this 前轮最大转向角 4  an interlocked or jammed state 锁住；阻塞 5 Wrestling  a hold that prevents an opponent from moving a limb 【摔跤】抱紧对手的手脚(使不能动弹) 6 (in full 全称 lock forward) Rugby  a player in the second row of a scrum 【英式橄榄球】(争球阵营的)第二排球员 7  an appliance to keep a wheel from revolving or slewing 制动器 8  a mechanism for exploding the charge of a gun 枪机 9  = AIRLOCK 2  ●v.  1  a tr.  fasten with a lock 用锁锁住b tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  shut and secure (esp. a building) by locking 关上并锁住(尤指建筑物)c intr. (of a door, window, box, etc.) have the means of being locked (指门、窗、箱子等)有锁的；可锁上的 2 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 up, in, into)  enclose (a person or thing) by locking or as if by locking 把(人或物)锁藏起来b (foll. by 后跟 up) colloq.  imprison (a person) [口]把(人)关押起来 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, away)  store or allocate inaccessibly 锁定  capital locked up in land  被套牢在地产投资上的资本 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  hold fast (in sleep or enchantment etc.) 深陷于(睡眠或迷惑等)之中 5 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) (of land, hills, etc.) enclose (陆地、山脉等) (被)包围 6 tr. & intr.  make or become rigidly fixed or immovable (使)不能动弹 7 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  become or cause to become jammed or caught (使)堵住；(使)塞住  locked into a cycle of borrowing  处于借贷的周期中 8 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 in)  entangle in an embrace or struggle 抱住；卷入  locked in a legal battle  卷入一场司法斗争中 9 tr.  provide (a canal etc.) with locks 给(运河等)设闸 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up, down)  convey (a boat) through a lock 使(船)通过水闸 11 intr.  go through a lock on a canal etc. 通过(运河等)的水闸 □ lock on to   locate or cause to locate by radar etc. and then track (通过雷达等)捕捉并跟踪□ lock out   1  keep (a person) out by locking the door 把(人)关在门外 2 (of an employer) submit (employees) to a lockout (雇主)用停工手段来压服(雇员)□ lock, stock, and barrel ● n.  the whole of a thing 全部，一切 ●adv.  completely 完全□ under lock and key   securely locked up 被锁好□ lockable  adj.  □ lockless  adj.   [Old English loc, from Germanic]

lock2 /lɒk/ n.  1  a  a portion of hair that coils or hangs together 一绺头发b (in pl. 用复数)  the hair of the head 头发 2  a tuft of wool or cotton 一撮羊毛(或棉花) □ -locked  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English locc, from Germanic]

lockage /ˈlɒkidʒ/ n.  1  the amount of rise and fall effected by canal locks (由运河水闸开关所导致的)水位升降 2  a toll for the use of a lock 水闸通行费 3  the construction or use of locks 水闸的建造(或使用) 4  locks collectively; the aggregate of locks constructed 水闸(总称)；(建造水闸的)混凝料，组件

locker /ˈlɒkə/ n.  1  a small lockable cupboard or compartment, esp. each of several for public use (尤指公用的可锁的)小柜(小室) 2 Naut.  a chest or compartment for clothes, stores, ammunition, etc. 【海】(贮藏衣、物、弹药等的)箱，室，库 3  a person or thing that locks 上锁人；锁具

locker room n.  a room containing small lockable cupboards, esp. in a pavilion or sports centre (尤指休息处或体育中心内的)更衣室

locket /ˈlɒkit/ n.  1  a small ornamental case holding a portrait, lock of hair, etc., and usu. hung from the neck (装有相片、头发等的)小装饰盒(通常挂在脖子下面) 2  a metal plate or band on a scabbard (剑鞘上的)金属饰片，饰条 [Old French locquet, diminutive of loc ‘latch, lock’, from West Germanic (as LOCK1)]

lockfast /ˈlɒkfɑ:st/ adj. Sc.  secured with a lock [苏格兰]锁牢的

lock forward  see 见 LOCK1 n. 6 

lockjaw /ˈlɒkdʒɔ:/ n.  = TRISMUS ■Usage 用法说明 The word lockjaw is not found in technical use. 词 lockjaw 不可用作技术用语。 

lock-keeper n.  a keeper of a lock on a river or canal 水闸管理员

lock-knit adj. & n. ●adj. (of a fabric) knitted with an interlocking stitch (编织品)连锁编织法的 ●n.  such a fabric 连锁编织法织成的织物

locknut /ˈlɒknʌt/ n.  1  a nut screwed down on another to keep it tight 防松螺母 2  a nut designed so that it cannot be accidentally loosened 自锁螺母

lockout /ˈlɒkaʊt/ n.  the exclusion of employees by their employer from their place of work until certain terms are agreed to 停工，闭厂(直到劳方同意资方的条件)

locksman /ˈlɒksmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a lock-keeper 水闸看管人

locksmith /ˈlɒksmiθ/ n.  a maker and mender of locks 锁匠

lock step n.  marching with each person as close as possible to the one in front 紧跟上前者的步伐

lock stitch n.  a stitch made by a sewing machine by firmly locking together two threads or stitches 连锁缝

lock-up n. & adj. ●n.  1  a house or room for the temporary detention of prisoners 拘留所，拘留室；(临时)监牢，牢房 2 Brit.  non-residential premises etc. that can be locked up, esp. a small shop or storehouse [英]不住人的营业场所(尤指小商店或小仓库) 3  a  the locking up of premises for the night 晚间关闭b  the time of doing this 晚间关闭时间 4  a  the unrealizable state of invested capital (投资资本的)锁定，套牢b  an amount of capital locked up 套牢资本 ●attrib. adj. Brit.  that can be locked up [英] (晚间不住人)上锁的  lock-up shop  晚间上锁商店

loco1 /ˈləʊkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. colloq.  a locomotive [英口]火车头，机车 [abbreviation]

loco2 /ˈləʊkəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj. slang  crazy [俚语]发疯的 ●n. (pl. -oes or -os) (in full 全称 loco-weed)  a poisonous leguminous plant of the US, esp. of the genus Astragalus, affecting the brains of cattle eating it 疯草(有毒的豆科植物，产于美国，尤指黄芪属，牛食后会影响脑部) [Spanish, = insane]

locomotion /ləʊkəˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  motion or the power of motion from one place to another 运动，移动；运动力，移动力 2  travel; a means of travelling, esp. an artificial one 旅行；(尤指人工制造的)旅行工具 [Latin loco, ablative of locus ‘place’ + motio MOTION]

locomotive /ləʊkəˈməʊtiv/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 locomotive engine)  an engine powered by steam, diesel fuel, or electricity, used for pulling trains 火车头，机车 ●adj.  1  of or relating to or effecting locomotion 运动的；与运动有关的；产生运动的  locomotive power  运动力 2  having the power of or given to locomotion; not stationary 有运动力的，起运动作用的；移动的

locomotor /ləʊkə(ʊ)ˈməʊtə/ adj.  of or relating to locomotion 运动的；与运动有关的 [LOCOMOTION + MOTOR]

loco-weed  see 见 LOCO2 n. 

loculus /ˈlɒkjʊləs/ n. (pl. loculi /-lai, -li:/) Zool., Anat. & Bot.  each of a number of small separate cavities 【动】【解】【植】小腔，小室 □ locular  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of locus: see LOCUS]

locum /ˈləʊkəm/ n. colloq. [口]  = LOCUM TENENS  [abbreviation]

locum tenens /ləʊkəm ˈti:nenz, ˈten-/ n. (pl. locum tenentes /ˌləʊkəm tiˈnenti:z/)  a deputy acting esp. for a cleric or doctor 代理牧师；代理医生 □ locum tenency  /ləʊkəm ˈtenənsi/ n.   [medieval Latin = one holding a place: see LOCUS, TENANT]

locus /ˈləʊkəs/ n. (pl. loci /-sai, -kai, -ki:/)  1  a position or point, esp. in a text, treatise, etc. (尤指文章的)观点；论点 2 Math.  a curve etc. formed by all the points satisfying a particular equation of the relation between coordinates, or by a point, line, or surface moving according to mathematically defined conditions 【数】轨迹(由坐标系中符合某等式关系的全部点组成，或符合数学上确定的条件的点、线、面运动所形成的弧线等) 3 Biol.  the position of a gene, mutation, etc. on a chromosome 【生】(染色体上的)基因座位，突变位点 [Latin, = place]

locus classicus /ləʊkəs ˈklæsikəs, lɒkəs/ n. (pl. loci classici /ləʊsai ˈklæsisai, lɒki: ˈklæsiki:/)  the best known or most authoritative passage on a subject 最著名的章节，最有权威性的章节 [Latin, = classical place]

locus standi /ləʊkəs ˈstændai, lɒkəs/ n. (pl. loci standi /ləʊsai ˈstændai, lɒki: ˈstændi:/)  a recognized or identifiable (esp. legal) status 承认的(或确认的) (尤指合法)地位 [Latin, = place of standing]

locust /ˈləʊkəst/ n.  1  any of various African and Asian grasshoppers of the family Acrididae, migrating in swarms and destroying vegetation 蝗虫，蚱蜢 2 US  a cicada [美]蝉 3 (in full 全称 locust bean)  a carob 洋槐 4 (in full 全称 locust tree)  a  a carob tree 洋槐树b  = ACACIA 2 c  = KOWHAI  [Middle English via Old French locuste from Latin locusta ‘lobster, locust’]

locust-bird n. (also 亦作 locust-eater)  any of various birds feeding on locusts 食蝗鸟

locution /ləˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a word or phrase, esp. considered in regard to style or idiom 短语；惯用语；行话 2  style of speech 语言风格 [Middle English via Old French locution or Latin locutio from loqui locut- ‘speak’]

lode /ləʊd/ n.  a vein of metal ore 矿脉 [variant of LOAD]

loden /ˈləʊd(ə)n/ n.  1  a thick waterproof woollen cloth 洛登防水厚呢 2  the dark green colour in which this is often made 洛登呢色，深绿色 [German]

lodestar /ˈləʊdstɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 loadstar)  1  a star that a ship etc. is steered by, esp. the pole star (指引船等航行的)导航星(尤指北斗星) 2  a  a guiding principle 指导方针，原则b  an object of pursuit (追求的)目标 [LODE in obsolete sense ‘way, journey’ + STAR]

lodestone /ˈləʊdstəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 loadstone)  1  magnetic oxide of iron, magnetite 磁性氧化铁；磁铁矿 2  a  a piece of this used as a magnet 磁铁b  a thing that attracts 吸引人的东西

lodge /lɒdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small house at the gates of a park or in the grounds of a large house, occupied by a gatekeeper, gardener, etc. (公园门旁或大宅院内供看门人或花匠居住的)小屋 2  a large house or hotel, esp. in a resort (尤指旅游胜地的)大屋；旅馆 3  a house occupied in the hunting or shooting season (狩猎季节居住的)房屋 4  a  a porter's room or quarters at the gate of a college or other large building (学院或大楼旁的)门房，传达室b  the residence of a head of a college, esp. at Cambridge 学院院长住宅(尤指剑桥大学) 5  the members or the meeting place of a branch of a society such as the Freemasons 会社(如共济会)分会的全体成员(或分会聚会处) 6  a local branch of a trade union 行会(工会)的地方分会 7  a beaver's or otter's lair 海狸(或水獭)的窝穴 8  a N. American Indian's tent or wigwam [北美]印第安人的帐篷(棚屋) ●v.  1 tr.  deposit in court or with an official a formal statement of (complaint or information) 提交(书面控诉)；提供(情况) 2 tr.  deposit (money etc.) for security 存放，寄存(钱等) 3 tr.  bring forward (an objection etc.) 提出(反对等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, with)  place (power etc.) in a person or group 授(权等)于某人(或某集团) 5 tr. & intr.  make or become fixed or caught without further movement (使)固定，卡住；(使)停留  the bullet lodged in his brain  子弹留在他脑内 the tide lodges mud in the cavities  潮水把泥留在洞内 6 tr.  a  provide (a person or persons) with sleeping quarters 提供(人)住宿b  receive as a guest or inmate 留宿c  establish as a resident in a house, room, or rooms 安置…住宿 7 intr.  reside or live, esp. as a guest paying for accommodation 借宿(尤指投宿) 8 tr.  serve as a habitation for; contain 租借给…居住；接纳…住宿 9 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 in)  be contained in 被接纳住宿 10  a tr. (of wind or rain) flatten (crops) (风或雨)使(庄稼)倒伏b intr. (of crops) be flattened in this way (庄稼)倒伏 [Middle English loge via Old French loge ‘arbour, hut’, from medieval Latin laubia, lobia (see LOBBY), from Germanic]

lodgement /ˈlɒdʒm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of lodging or process of being lodged 上诉；上诉程序 2  the depositing or a deposit of money 存放，寄存；存款 3  an accumulation of matter intercepted in fall or transit 沉积物，积聚物 [French logement (as LODGE)]

lodger /ˈlɒdʒə/ n.  a person receiving accommodation in another's house for payment 投宿者，房客

lodging /ˈlɒdʒiŋ/ n.  1  temporary accommodation (临时)住宿，寄宿  a lodging for the night  夜间住宿 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a room or rooms (other than in a hotel) rented for lodging in 寄宿舍(有别于旅馆中的房间) 3  a dwelling place 住处 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the residence of a head of a college at Oxford (牛津大学)学院院长住宅

lodging house n.  a house in which lodgings are let 租宿公寓

lodicule /ˈlɒdikju:l/ n. Bot.  a small green or white scale below the ovary of a grass flower 【植】浆片，鳞片 [Latin lodicula, diminutive of lodix ‘coverlet’]

loess /ˈləʊis, lɜ:s/ n.  a deposit of fine light-coloured wind-blown dust found esp. in the basins of large rivers and very fertile when irrigated 黄土(尤指在一些大河因刮风而沉积在河床的浅色粒小的细沙，灌溉时土质肥沃) □ loessial  /ləʊˈesiəl, ˈlɜ:siəl/ adj.   [German Löss from Swiss German lösch ‘loose’, from lösen ‘loosen’]

loft /lɒft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the space under the roof of a house, above the ceiling of the top floor; an attic 阁楼；顶楼 2  a room over a stable, esp. for hay and straw 厩楼 3  a gallery in a church or hall (教堂或大厅内的)楼厢  organ loft  教堂风琴厢席 4 US  an upstairs room, esp. an unpartitioned area over a warehouse or factory [美] (尤指仓库、工厂)不分隔开的上层楼面 5  a pigeon house 鸽舍，鸽棚 6 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  a backward slope in a club-head 高尔夫球棒头端的斜面b  a lofting stroke 高击(球) ●v. tr.  1  a  send (a ball etc.) high up 吊高(球等)b  clear (an obstacle) in this way 吊高球越过(障碍) 2 (esp. as 尤作 lofted adj.)  give a loft to (a golf club) (高尔夫球棒)击高球用的 [Old English from Old Norse lopt ‘air, sky, upper room’, from Germanic (as LIFT)]

lofter /ˈlɒftə/ n.  a golf club for lofting the ball 击高球的高尔夫球棒

lofty /ˈlɒfti/ adj. (loftier, loftiest)  1 literary (of things) of imposing height, towering, soaring [文学用语] (物)极高的；巍峨的；高耸的  lofty heights  极高的高度 2  consciously haughty, aloof, or dignified 傲慢的；孤傲的；威严的  lofty contempt  高傲的蔑视 3  exalted or noble; sublime 崇高的，高尚的；令人崇敬的  lofty ideals  崇高的理想 □ loftily  adv.  □ loftiness  n.   [Middle English from LOFT, as in aloft]

log1 /lɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unhewn piece of a felled tree, or a similar rough mass of wood, esp. cut for firewood 原木；干材(尤指砍后当柴烧) 2  a  a float attached to a line wound on a reel for gauging the speed of a ship 测速器b  any other apparatus for the same purpose 计程仪 3  a record of events occurring during and affecting the voyage of a ship or aircraft (including the rate of a ship's progress shown by a log: see sense 2 of n.) 航海日志；飞行日志(包括记录计程仪测定的航行进度，见名词释义 2) 4  any systematic record of things done, experienced, etc. 工作记录(运转记录等) 5  = LOGBOOK 1  ●v. tr. (logged, logging)  1  a  enter (the distance made or other details) in a ship's logbook 记录(里程或其他详情)于航海日志中b  enter details about (a person or event) in a logbook 记录(人或事的详情)于航行日志中c (of a ship) achieve (a certain distance) (船)航行达到(某里程) 2  a  enter (information) in a regular record 记载(数据)于日常工作记录中b  attain (a cumulative total of time etc. recorded in this way) 达到(时间等的累计总数)  logged 50 hours on the computer  在计算机上工作达 50 小时 3  cut into logs 将…截成短木材 □ like a log   1  in a helpless or stunned state 无知觉的(地)，呆木的(地)  fell like a log  倒在地上不省人事 2  without stirring 一动不动的(地)  slept like a log  睡得死死的□ log in   = log on □ log on (or off)   go through the procedures to begin (or conclude) use of a computer system 登录(或退出)计算机系统 [Middle English: origin unknown]

log2 /lɒɡ/ n.  a logarithm (esp. prefixed to a number or algebraic symbol whose logarithm is to be indicated) 对数(尤指放在指出其对数的数字或代数符号前) [abbreviation]

loge /lɒɡˈi:/ abbr.  natural logarithm [缩略] e 为底的对数，自然对数

-log US var.  of -LOGUE [美]-LOGUE 的变体

logan /ˈlɒɡ(ə)n, ˈləʊɡ(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 logan-stone)  = ROCKING-STONE  [= logging, from dialect log ‘to rock’ + STONE]

loganberry /ˈləʊɡ(ə)nberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a dull red soft fruit, apparently a hybrid of a raspberry and a dewberry 罗甘莓(暗红色软果，为悬钩子和露莓的杂交品种) 2  the plant bearing this, Rubus loganobaccus 罗甘莓植物 [from the name of J. H. Logan, American horticulturalist d. 1928 + BERRY]

logarithm /ˈlɒɡərið(ə)m, -riθ-/ n.  a figure representing the power to which a fixed number or base must be raised to produce a given number (the logarithm of 1,000 to base 10 is 3), used to simplify calculations as the addition and subtraction of logarithms is equivalent to multiplication and division (abbr. 缩略 : log) 对数 □ logarithmic  /-ˈriðmik/ adj.  □ logarithmically  /-ˈriðmik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin logarithmus, from Greek logos ‘reckoning, ratio’ + arithmos ‘number’]

logbook /ˈlɒɡbʊk/ n.  1  a book containing a detailed record or log 航海日志簿；飞行日志簿；工作记录本；航行记录本 2 Brit. [英]  = REGISTRATION DOCUMENT 

log cabin n.  a hut built of logs 原木小屋

loge /ləʊʒ/ n.  a private box or enclosure in a theatre 剧场的包厢 [French]

-loger /lədʒə/ comb. form  forming nouns = -LOGIST [构词成分]构成名词， [on the pattern of astrologer]

logger /ˈlɒɡə/ n. N. Amer.  a lumberjack [北美]伐木工人

loggerhead /ˈlɒɡəhed/ n.  1  an iron instrument with a ball at the end heated for melting pitch etc. (熔化沥青等用的)铁头球型棒 2  a (in full 全称 loggerhead turtle)  a large-headed turtle, Caretta caretta, of warm seas 蠵龟b (in full 全称 loggerhead shrike)  a green, black, and white shrike, Lanius ludovicianus, of the southern US and Mexico (美国南部和墨西哥的)呆头伯劳 3 archaic  a blockhead or fool [古义]呆子，傻瓜 □ at loggerheads  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  disagreeing or disputing 不和；争吵 [probably from dialect logger ‘block of wood for hobbling a horse’ + HEAD]

loggia /ˈləʊdʒə, ˈlɒ-, -dʒiə/ n.  1  an open-sided gallery or arcade 凉廊 2  an open-sided extension of a house (边上敞开的)房屋延伸部分 [Italian, = LODGE]

logging /ˈlɒɡiŋ/ n.  the work of cutting and preparing forest timber 采伐作业

logia pl.  of LOGION  

logic /ˈlɒdʒik/ n.  1  a  the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference 逻辑学b  a particular scheme of or treatise on this 推理法；逻辑学论文 2  a  a chain of reasoning 逻辑上的关联，逻辑性  I don't follow your logic  我听不懂你的推理b  the correct or incorrect use of reasoning 合逻辑；不合逻辑  your logic is flawed  你的逻辑是有问题的c  ability in reasoning 推理能力  argues with great learning and logic  用渊博的知识和推理进行辩论d  reasoned argument 理由，道理  is not governed by logic  没有逻辑性 3  a  the inexorable force or compulsion of a thing (事物的)不可抗力，强制  the logic of events  事件的必然联系b  the necessary consequence of (an argument, decision, etc.) (论点、决定等引出的)必然结果 4  a  a system or set of principles underlying the arrangements of elements in a computer or electronic device so as to perform a specified task (计算机或电子设备的)逻辑程序(原理)b  logical operations collectively 逻辑操作，逻辑运作 □ logician  /ləˈdʒiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French logique and Late Latin logica from Greek logikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of reason’, from logos ‘word, reason’]

-logic /ˈlɒdʒik/ comb. form (also 亦作 -logical /ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/)  forming adjectives corresponding esp. to nouns in -logy (pathological 病理学的 ; theological 神学的) [构词成分]构成尤以 -logy 结尾的名词相对应的形容词 [from or suggested by Greek -logikos: see -IC, -ICAL]

logical /ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of logic or formal argument 逻辑的，逻辑学的；逻辑上的 2  not contravening the laws of thought, correctly reasoned 合符逻辑(思维)的，合情合理的 3  deducible or defensible on the ground of consistency; reasonably to be believed or done 可推想的，推断正确的；符合情理的 4  capable of correct reasoning 有推理能力的 □ logicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ logically  adv.   [medieval Latin logicalis from Late Latin logica (as LOGIC)]

logical atomism n. Philos.  the theory that all propositions can be analysed into simple independent elements 【哲】逻辑原子论(任何定义都可化解成独立的简单要素)

logical necessity n.  the compulsion to believe that of which the opposite is inconceivable 逻辑必然(认为其对立面难以置信)

logical positivism n. (also 亦作 logical empiricism)  a form of positivism in which symbolic logic is used and linguistic problems of meaning are emphasized 逻辑实证主义，逻辑实证论(运用符号逻辑并强调语言学的含义问题)

logic bomb n. Computing  a set of instructions secretly incorporated into a program so that if a particular logical condition is satisfied they will be carried out, usu. with harmful effects 【计算】逻辑炸弹(一组隐含在程序中的指令，若逻辑条件得到满足，指令便运作，通常会产生不良后果)

logion /ˈlɒɡiɒn, ˈləʊ-/ n. (pl. logia /-ɡiə/)  a saying attributed to Christ, esp. one not recorded in the canonical Gospels (尤指《福音书》中未收录的)耶稣语录 [Greek, = oracle, from logos ‘word’]

-logist /lədʒist/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a person skilled or involved in a branch of study etc. with a name in -logy (archaeologist 考古学家 ; etymologist 词源学家) [构词成分]构成名词，表示某一研究领域的专家(学者)

logistics /ləˈdʒistiks/ n. pl. (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  1  the organization of moving, lodging, and supplying troops and equipment 后勤 2  the detailed organization and implementation of a plan or operation 后勤学；后勤保障 □ logistic  adj.  □ logistical  adj.  □ logistically  adv.   [French logistique from loger ‘lodge’]

logjam /ˈlɒɡdʒæm/ n.  1  a crowded mass of logs in a river 木材堵塞河道 2  a deadlock 僵局

log-line n.  a line to which a ship's log (see LOG1 n. 2a) is attached 系测速器的绳(见 LOG1 名词 2a)

logo /ˈlɒɡəʊ, ˈləʊɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an emblem or device used as the badge of an organization in display material (组织的)标记，标识 [abbreviation]

logogram /ˈlɒɡəɡræm/ n.  a sign or character representing a word, as in shorthand or some ancient writing systems 语标，词符(如用于速记和古代某些书写体系中) [Greek logos ‘word’ + -GRAM]

logomachy /ləˈɡɒməki/ n. (pl. -ies) literary  a dispute about words; controversy turning on merely verbal points [文学用语]对词义的争论；玩弄文字的舌战 [Greek logomakhia, from logos ‘word’ + makhia ‘fighting’]

logorrhoea /lɒɡəˈriə/ n. (US [美] logorrhea)  an excessive flow of words esp. in mental illness (尤指精神病态的)多语症，多言症 [Greek logos ‘word’ + rhoia ‘flow’]

Logos /ˈlɒɡɒs/ n. (in Christian theology) the Word of God, or second person of the Trinity (基督教神学中)上帝的话；圣子(即耶稣) (三位一体的第二位) [Greek, = word, reason]

logotype /ˈlɒɡə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1 Printing  a single piece of type that prints a word or group of separate letters 【印刷】成语铅字；连合活字 2  a  = LOGO b Printing  a single piece of type that prints this 【印刷】连铸铅字条 [Greek logos ‘word’ + TYPE]

logrolling /ˈlɒɡrəʊliŋ/ n. US [美]  1 colloq.  the practice of exchanging favours, esp. (in politics) of exchanging votes to mutual benefit [口]相互吹捧；(尤指政治上)互投赞成票 2  a sport in which two contestants stand on a floating log and try to knock each other off 水上踩滚木游戏 □ logroller  n.   [political sense from the phrase you roll my log and I'll roll yours]

-logue /lɒɡ/ comb. form [构词成分] (US [美] -log)  1  forming nouns denoting talk  dialogue  对话 or compilation  catalogue  目录 构成名词，表示“谈话”；或表示“编写” 2  = -LOGIST ideologue  思想家  [from or suggested by French -logue from Greek -logos, -logon]

logwood /ˈlɒɡwʊd/ n.  1  a W. Indian tree, Haematoxylon campechianum 洋苏木 2  the wood of this, producing a substance used in dyeing 洋苏木心材(作染料用)

logy /ˈləʊɡi/ adj. (logier, logiest) N. Amer.  dull and heavy in motion or thought [北美]行动笨拙的，脑子迟钝的 [origin uncertain]

-logy /lədʒi/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1 (usu. as 通常作 -ology)  a subject of study or interest (archaeology 考古学 ; zoology 动物学) 学科 2  a characteristic of speech or language (tautology 赘述) 说话(或语言)的特点 3  discourse (trilogy 三部曲) 语段 [French -logie or medieval Latin -logia from Greek (as LOGOS)]

loin /lɔin/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the part of the body on both sides of the spine between the false ribs and the hip bones 腰(部) 2 (in pl. 用复数) literary  the source of reproductive power [文学用语]生殖力，生殖之源  fruit of his loins  他自己生的孩子 3  a joint of meat that includes the loin vertebrae 带椎骨腰肉 [Middle English from Old French loigne, ultimately from Latin lumbus]

loincloth /ˈlɔinklɒθ/ n.  a cloth worn round the hips, esp. as a sole garment (蔽体的)腰布(尤指单一的遮体衣物)

Lois /ˈləuis/   洛伊丝 [人名]

loiter /ˈlɔitə/ v.  1 intr.  hang about; linger idly 闲荡；闲呆着 2 intr.  travel indolently and with long pauses 走走停停，徘徊 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  pass (time etc.) in loitering 消磨(时光等) □ loiter with intent  Brit.  hang about in order to commit a felony [英]闲逛寻衅，闲逛准备作案□ loiterer  n.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch loteren ‘wag about’]

loll /lɒl/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  stand, sit, or recline in a lazy attitude 懒散地站(坐或靠) 2  hang loosely 下垂 [Middle English: probably imitative]

lollapalooza /lɒləpəˈlu:zə/ n. (also 亦作 lalapalooza etc.) US slang  an excellent or attractive person or thing [美] [俚语]出色的(或吸引人的)人(或事物) [fanciful formation]

Lollard /ˈlɒləd/ n.  any of the followers of the 14th-c. religious reformer John Wyclif 罗拉德派 (14 世纪宗教改革者威克利夫的追随者) □ Lollardism  n.  □ Lollardy  n.   [Middle Dutch lollaerd from lollen ‘mumble’]

lollipop /ˈlɒlipɒp/ n.  1  a large usu. flat rounded boiled sweet on a small stick 棒糖 2 Brit. [英]  = ICE LOLLY  [perhaps from dialect lolly ‘tongue’ + POP1]

lollipop man n. (fem. lollipop lady or lollipop woman) Brit. colloq.  an official using a circular sign on a stick to stop traffic for children to cross the road, esp. near a school [英口] (尤指在学校附近手持车辆暂停指挥牌的)带领儿童穿越马路的治安员

lollop /ˈlɒləp/ v. intr. (lolloped, lolloping) colloq. [口]  1  flop about 蹦跳地走路 2 Brit.  move or proceed in a lounging or ungainly way [英]漫无目的地闲荡 [probably from LOLL, associated with TROLLOP]

lolly /ˈlɒli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 colloq. [口]  a esp. Brit. [尤英]  = LOLLIPOP b Austral.  a sweet [澳]糖果 2 Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 [abbreviation of LOLLIPOP]

Lombard /ˈlɒmbəd, -bɑ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Germanic people who conquered Italy in the 6th c. 伦巴族人(日耳曼人的一支， 6 世纪征服意大利) 2  a native of Lombardy in northern Italy 伦巴第人(在意大利北部) 3  the dialect of Lombardy 伦巴第方言 ●adj.  of or relating to Lombardy, the Lombards, or their dialect (有关)伦巴第的；(有关)伦巴族人的；(有关)伦巴第方言的 □ Lombardic  /-ˈbɑ:dik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French lombard or Middle Dutch lombaerd from Italian lombardo, medieval Latin Longobardus via Latin Langobardus from Germanic]

Lombardy poplar /lɒmbədi ˈpɒplə/ n.  a variety of poplar with an especially tall slender form 钻天杨

lomentum /lə(ʊ)ˈmentəm/ n. (also 亦作 loment /ˈləʊment/) Bot.  the pod of some leguminous plants, breaking up when mature into one-seeded joints 【植】节荚 □ lomentaceous  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)s/ adj.   [Latin lomentum ‘bean-meal’ (originally a cosmetic) from lavare ‘wash’]

London /ˈlʌndən/ n.  伦敦 [英国首都]

London clay /ˈlʌndən/ n.  a geological formation in the lower division of the Eocene in SE England 伦敦粘土(英格兰东南部始新世地质层) [London, capital of the UK]

Londoner /ˈlʌndənə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of London 伦敦人；伦敦居民

London plane /ˈlʌndən/ n.  a hybrid plane tree, Platanus × hispanica, resistant to smoke and therefore often planted in streets 英国梧桐(杂交梧桐，抗烟尘，常种在街道旁)

London pride /ˈlʌndən/ n.  a pink-flowered saxifrage, Saxifraga urbium 虎耳草属的一种

lone /ləʊn/ attrib. adj.  1 (of a person) solitary; without a companion or supporter (人)孤独的；无伴的，无援的 2 (of a place) unfrequented, uninhabited, lonely (地方)冷落的；无人居住的；偏僻的 3  unmarried, single 单身的，单独的，孤(或寡)居的  lone parent  孤单的父(母)亲 4 literary  feeling or causing to feel lonely [文学用语] (使)寂寞的 [Middle English, from ALONE]

lone hand n.  1 Cards  a hand played, or a player playing, against the rest at quadrille and euchre 【牌戏】庄家 2  a person or action without allies 孤军作战者，单独行动者；单独行动，孤军作战

lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. (lonelier, loneliest)  1 (of a person) solitary, companionless, isolated (人)孤独的，独自的；孤立的 2 (of a place) unfrequented; (of a thing) standing apart; isolated (地方)冷落的，人迹罕见的；(物)孤单的；孤零零的 3  a  sad because without friends or company 孤苦的，凄凉的b  imparting a sense of loneliness; dreary (使人感到)寂寞的；忧郁的 □ loneliness  n.  

lonely heart n.  a lonely person, esp. one seeking companionship by advertising in a newspaper etc. (尤指通过报纸等征友启事的)征友者；征伴侣者

loner /ˈləʊnə/ n.  a person or animal that prefers not to associate with others 好独处的人(或动物)

lonesome /ˈləʊns(ə)m/ adj.  1  solitary, lonely 孤独的，孤单的 2  feeling lonely or forlorn 寂寞的；凄凉的 3  causing such a feeling 引起寂寞(或凄凉)的 □ by (or on) one's lonesome  colloq.  all alone [口]单独地，独自地□ lonesomely  adv.  □ lonesomeness  n.  

lone wolf n.  a person who prefers to act alone 喜好单独行动的人

long1 /lɒŋ/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (longer /ˈlɒŋɡə/; longest /ˈlɒŋɡist/)  1  measuring much from end to end in space or time; not soon traversed or finished 距离长的；时间久的  a long line  长线 a long journey  长途旅行 a long time ago  很久以前 2 (following a measurement) in length or duration (跟在计量单位后)在距离内；长度内  2 metres long  两米长 the vacation is two months long  假期是两个月的时间 3  relatively great in extent or duration 相对广度大的；相对期间长的  a long meeting  一个长会 4  a  consisting of a large number of items 包括项目多的  a long list  一张长单子b  seemingly more than the stated amount; tedious, lengthy 比提到的量要多的；冗长的；漫长的  ten long miles  十多英里 tired after a long day  整整一天后感到很累 5  of elongated shape 长形的 6  a  lasting or reaching far back or forward in time 延续长久的；经历长时间的  a long friendship  长久的友谊b (of a person's memory) retaining things for a long time (人的记忆)保留长久的 7  far-reaching; acting at a distance; involving a great interval or difference 意义深远的；可达久远的；间隔长的；差别大的 8 Phonet. & Prosody  of a vowel or syllable 【语音】【诗体】元音(或音节):a  having the greater of the two recognized durations 发较长音的b (of a vowel) categorized as long with regard to quality and length (e.g. in standard British English the vowel /u:/ in food is long as distinct from the short vowel /ʊ/ in good) (cf. 参见 SHORT adj. 6) 长元音的(例如 : food 中的 /u:/ 元音是长音，有别于 good 中的短元音 /ʊ/) 9 (of odds or a chance) reflecting or representing a low level of probability (希望、可能性)渺茫的 10 Stock Exch. 【股】  a (of stocks) bought in large quantities in advance, with the expectation of a rise in price (证券大量买进后)看涨的b (of a broker etc.) buying etc. on this basis (经纪人等)做多头的 11 (of a bill of exchange) maturing at a distant date (汇票)某日到期的 12 (of a cold drink) large and refreshing (冷饮)大杯的，大量的；提神的 13 colloq. (of a person) tall [口] (人)个高的 14 (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq.  well supplied with [口]大量供应的，充足的 ●n.  1  a long interval or period 长时间，长时期  shall not be away for long  不要长时间离开 it will not take long  这件事不会花很长时间 2  a  long-dated stock 长期证券b  a person who buys this 做长期证券交易的人；做多头者 ●adv. (longer /ˈlɒŋɡə/; longest /ˈlɒŋɡist/)  1  by or for a long time 很久地，长期地  long before  …之前很久 long ago  很久以前 long live the king!  国王万岁！ 2 (following nouns of duration 置于时间名词之后)  throughout a specified time 经过一段特定的时间  all day long  整天 3 (in compar. 用于比较 ; with neg. 与否定词连用)  after an implied point of time 某一段时间之后  shall not wait any longer  不再等候了 □ as (or so) long as   1  during the whole time that 长达…之久 2  provided that; only if 只要□ at long last   see 见 LAST1 □ before long   fairly soon 很快，不久  shall see you before long  很快能见到你□ be long  (often foll. by 常后跟 pres. part. or in + verbal noun)  take a long time; be slow 花很长时间；很慢  was long finding it out  花了很长时间才找到它 the chance was long in coming  机会姗姗来迟 I shan't be long  我不会花很长时间的□ by a long chalk   see 见 CHALK □ in the long run   1  over a long period 从长远看 2  eventually; finally 终究，最终，最后□ long ago   in the distant past 很久以前□ the long and the short of it   1  all that can or need be said 总的意思，总而言之 2  the eventual outcome 最终结果□ long in the tooth   rather old (originally of horses, from the recession of the gums with age) 年岁大(原指马，随着年龄的增长而齿龈萎缩)□ not by a long shot   by no means 决不□ longish  adj.   [Old English long, lang, from Germanic]

long2 /lɒŋ/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 for or to + infin.)  have a strong wish or desire for 盼望；渴望 [Old English langian ‘seem long, desire’]

long. abbr. [缩略]  longitude 

-long /lɒŋ/ comb. form forming adjectives and adverbs [构词成分]构成形容词和副词 :  1  for the duration of (lifelong 终生的) 长时间的(地) 2  = -LING2 headlong  头朝前 

long-ago attrib. adj.  that is in the distant past 很久以前的，往昔的

long-awaited adj.  that has been awaited for a long time 等待已久的，盼望已久的

longboard /ˈlɒŋbɔ:d/ n. US  a type of surfboard [美]长冲浪板

longboat /ˈlɒŋbəʊt/ n.  a sailing ship's largest boat (大帆船上的)最大艇

longbow /ˈlɒŋbəʊ/ n.  a bow drawn by hand and shooting a long feathered arrow 大弓(射出长羽箭的手拉大弓)

long-case clock n.  a grandfather clock (置于高木匣中的)落地式大摆钟

long-chain attrib. adj. (of a molecule) containing a chain of many carbon atoms (分子)长链的

long-dated adj. (of securities) not due for early payment or redemption (证券)长期的，长线的

long-day attrib. adj. (of a plant) needing a long daily period of light to cause flowering (植物)日照长的

long-dead adj.  that has been dead for a long time 已故的，去世已久的

long-distance adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a telephone call, public transport, etc.) between distant places (电话、公共运输等)长途的 2 Brit. (of a weather forecast) long-range [英] (天气预报)长期的 ●adv. (also 亦作 long distance)  between distant places 远  phone long-distance  打长途电话 ●n. (also 亦作 long distance) (often 常作 attrib.) Athletics  a race distance of 6 miles or 10,000 metres (6 miles 376 yds), or longer 【竞技】长跑 (6 英里或万米以上)

long division n. Math.  division of numbers with details of the calculations written down 【数】(每一步均写下来的)长除法

long dozen n.  thirteen 十三(个)

long-drawn adj. (also 亦作 long-drawn-out)  prolonged, esp. unduly (尤指过分)延长的，拖长的

longe var.  of LUNGE2  LUNGE2 的变体

longeron /ˈlɒn(d)ʒərɒn/ n.  a longitudinal member of a plane's fuselage (飞机)机身的纵梁 [French, = girder]

longevity /lɒnˈdʒeviti/ n.  long life 长寿 [Late Latin longaevitas, from Latin longus ‘long’ + aevum ‘age’]

long face n.  a dismal or disappointed expression 闷闷不乐的脸色，沮丧失望的表情 □ long-faced  adj.  

long field n. Cricket 【板球】  1  = LONG OFF, LONG ON  2  the part of the field behind the bowler 投球手背后的场地

long figure n. (also 亦作 long price)  a heavy cost 高价

longhair /ˈlɒŋhɛə/ n.  1  a person characterized by the associations of long hair, esp. a hippie or intellectual 蓄长发者(尤指嬉皮士或知识分子) 2  a  a breed of long-haired cat 长毛猫种b  a cat of a long-haired breed 长毛种猫

longhand /ˈlɒŋhænd/ n.  ordinary handwriting (as opposed to shorthand or typing or printing) 普通书写法(与速记、打字或印刷相对)

long haul n.  1  the transport of goods or passengers over a long distance 长途运输 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : long-haul flights  长途空运 2  a prolonged effort or task 长期的努力；耗时的工作

long-headed adj.  shrewd, far-seeing, sagacious 敏锐的，有远见的，精明的 □ long-headedness  n.  

long hop n.  a short-pitched easily hit ball in cricket (板球运动中)易击的反弹球

longhorn /ˈlɒŋhɔ:n/ n.  1  one of a breed of cattle with long horns 长角牛 2  any beetle of the family Cerambycidae with long antennae 天牛

longhouse /ˈlɒŋhaʊs/ n.  1 (in Britain) an old type of dwelling housing a family and animals under one roof (英国)长屋(人和家畜在一起的老式住房) 2  a hist.  the traditional dwelling of the Iroquois and other N. American Indians [史义]长屋(易洛魁人和其他北美印第安人的传统住宅)b  a building on an Iroquois reservation, used as a church and meeting hall (易洛魁人居住地的)教堂；议事厅 3  a large communal village house in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia (马来西亚和印度尼西亚部分地区的)村社大屋

long hundredweight  see 见 HUNDREDWEIGHT 1 

longicorn /ˈlɒn(d)ʒikɔ:n/ n.  a longhorn beetle 天牛 [modern Latin longicornis, from Latin longus ‘long’ + cornu ‘horn’]

longing /ˈlɒŋiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a feeling of intense desire 渴望，盼望 ●adj.  having or showing this feeling 渴望的，期望的 □ longingly  adv.  

longitude /ˈlɒn(d)ʒitju:d, ˈlɒŋɡi-/ n.  1 Geog.  the angular distance east or west from a standard meridian such as Greenwich to the meridian of any place 【地理】经度(以某地的子午线与诸如格林尼治本初子午线之间向东或向西的角距离) 2 Astron.  the angular distance of a celestial object north or south of the ecliptic measured along a great circle through the object and the poles of the ecliptic (symbol 符λ) 【天】黄经 [Middle English from Latin longitudo -dinis, from longus ‘long’]

longitudinal /lɒndʒiˈtju:din(ə)l, lɒnɡi-/ adj.  1  of or in length 长度的；纵长的 2  running lengthwise 纵向的 3  of longitude 经度的；黄经的 □ longitudinally  adv.  

longitudinal wave n. Physics  a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation 【物理学】纵波

long johns n. pl. colloq.  underpants with full-length legs [口]长内裤

long jump n.  an athletic contest of jumping as far as possible along the ground in one leap 跳远 □ long-jumper  n.  

long-lasting adj.  that lasts, or has lasted, for a long time 长久的；持久的，耐久的

long leg n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielder far behind the batsman on the leg side 远左外场球员 2  this fielding position 远左外场球员的位置

long-legged adj.  1  having long legs 腿长的 2  speedy 快速的

long-life adj. (of consumable goods) treated to preserve freshness (消费品)保鲜的

long-lived adj.  having a long life; durable 长寿的；耐用的

long-lost attrib. adj.  that has been lost or not seen for a long time 丢失已久的

long measure n.  a measure of length (metres, miles, etc.) 长度丈量(米、英里等)

long metre n.  1  a hymn stanza of four lines with eight syllables each 长韵律(赞美诗的诗节，四行为一节，每行八个音节) 2  a quatrain of iambic tetrameters with alternate lines rhyming (抑扬相间押韵的)四音步四行诗

long off n. (also 亦作 long on) Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielder far behind the bowler and towards the off (or on) side 远左(右)外场员 2  this fielding position 远左(右)外场员的位置

long-playing adj. (of a gramophone record) playing for about 20 － 30 minutes on each side (唱片)转速慢的，密纹的(唱片每面大约播放 20 至 30 分钟) □ long-player  n. Brit. [英] 

long-range adj.  1 (of a missile etc.) having a long range of operation (导弹等)远程的 2  of or relating to a period of time far into the future 长远的，未来的

long-running adj.  continuing for a long time 持续很长时间的

long ship n. hist.  a long narrow warship with many rowers, used esp. by the Vikings [史义] (尤指北欧海盗使用的)快速狭长战船

longshore /ˈlɒŋʃɔ:/ adj.  1  existing on or frequenting the shore 在岸上的；常光顾岸边的；近岸的 2  directed along the shore 沿岸的 [for along shore]

longshore drift /ˈlɒŋʃɔ:/ n.  the movement of material along a coast by waves which approach at an angle to the shore but recede directly away from it 沿岸随波漂移

longshoreman /ˈlɒŋʃɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men) US  a docker [美]码头工人

long shot n.  1  a wild guess or venture 大胆的猜测；冒险的尝试 2  a bet at long odds 胜数不大的赌博 3 Cinematog.  a shot including objects at a distance 【电影】远景

long sight n.  the ability to see clearly only what is comparatively distant 远视

long-sighted adj.  1  having long sight 远视的 2  having imagination or foresight 有远见的；有眼力的 □ long-sightedly  adv.  □ long-sightedness  n.  

long-sleeved adj.  with sleeves reaching to the wrist 长袖的

longspur /ˈlɒŋspɜ:/ n.  a N. American bunting of the genus Calcarius (北美的)铁爪鹀

long-standing adj.  that has long existed; not recent 长期存在的；时间甚久的

long-stay attrib. adj.  1  staying a long time 长期逗留的  long-stay patients  长期病号 2  for people who are staying a long time 为长时间逗留而设的  long-stay car park  长期停车场

longstop /ˈlɒŋstɒp/ n.  1 Cricket 【板球】  a  a fielder directly behind the wicketkeeper 守门员身后的外场员b  this fielding position 守门员身后外场员的位置 2  = BACKSTOP 2 

long-suffering adj.  bearing provocation patiently 长期忍耐的 □ long-sufferingly  adv.  

long suit n.  1  many playing cards of one suit in a hand (esp. more than 3 or 4 in a hand of 13) 长套牌(尤指三张或四张以上同一花色的牌) 2  a thing at which one excels 长处，强项

long-tailed duck n.  an Arctic marine duck, Clangula hyemalis, the male of which has elongated tail feathers Also (N. Amer. [北美]) called 亦称作 old squaw 北极长尾鸭(雄鸭有长尾羽)

long-term adj.  occurring in or relating to a long period of time 长期的；长远的  long-term plans  长期规划

long-time attrib. adj.  that has been such for a long time 长时间的

long ton  see 见 TON1 1 

long tongue n.  loquacity 长舌，多话

longueur /lɒ˜(ŋ)ˈɡɜ:, 法 lɔ˜ɡœr/ n.  1  a tedious passage in a book etc. (书等中)冗长乏味的章节 2  a tedious stretch of time 漫长烦闷的时光 [French, = length]

long vacation n. Brit.  the summer vacation of law courts and universities [英]暑期休庭；大学暑假

long waist n.  a low or deep waist of a dress or body (衣服或身体)低腰身 □ long-waisted  adj.  

long wave n.  a radio wave of frequency less than 300 kHz (频率 300 千赫以下的)长波

longways /ˈlɒŋweiz/ adv. (also 亦作 longwise /ˈlɒŋwaiz/)  = LENGTHWAYS 

long-winded adj.  1 (of speech or writing) tediously lengthy (演讲或文章)冗长乏味的 2  able to run a long distance without rest 一口气跑完长距离的 □ long-windedly  adv.  □ long-windedness  n.  

lonicera /lɒˈnis(ə)rə/ n.  1  a dense evergreen shrub, Lonicera nitidum, much used as hedging 忍冬灌木 2  = HONEYSUCKLE  [named after A. Lonicerus, German botanist d. 1586]

loo1 /lu:/ n. Brit. colloq.  a lavatory [英口]厕所，盥洗室 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

loo2 /lu:/ n.  1  a round card game with penalties paid to the pool 卢牌赌博 2  this penalty (卢牌赌博)罚赌金 [abbreviation of obsolete lanterloo from French lanturlu, the meaningless refrain of a song]

loof var.  of LUFF  LUFF 的变体

loofah /ˈlu:fə/ n. (also 亦作 luffa /ˈlʌfə/)  1  a climbing gourdlike plant, Luffa cylindrica, native to Asia, producing edible marrow-like fruits 丝瓜(一种类似葫芦的爬藤植物，原产亚洲，果实可食用) 2  the dried fibrous vascular system of this fruit used as a sponge 丝瓜筋 [Egyptian Arabic lūfa, the plant]

look /lʊk/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  use one's sight; turn one's eyes in some direction 看，瞧；望b tr.  turn one's eyes on; contemplate or examine 注视；察看；打量，审视  looked me in the eyes  正视我的眼睛 2 intr.  a  make a visual or mental search 查看；思索  I'll look in the morning  我将在早晨查看一下b (foll. by 后跟 at)  consider, examine 考虑，检查  we must look at the facts  我们必须考虑这些事实 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  a  search for 寻找b  hope or be on the watch for 寻求；指望c  expect 盼望 4 intr.  inquire 探究  when one looks deeper  当进一步查明之后 5 intr.  have a specified appearance; seem 看上去像；显得  look a fool  看起来像个傻瓜 look foolish  看上去很傻 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  consider; take care of; be careful about 留意；照看；当心  look to the future  关注未来b  rely on (a person or thing) 依靠(人或事物)  you can look to me for support  你可指望得到我的支持c  expect; count on; aim at 展望；依赖；指望于 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  investigate or examine 调查；观察 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 what, where, etc. + clause)  ascertain or observe by sight 弄清楚，查明  look where we are  弄清我们在何处 9 intr. (of a thing) face or be turned, or have or afford an outlook, in a specified direction (物)面向(朝向)某个方向 10 tr.  express, threaten, or show (an emotion etc.) by one's looks (用脸色)表达；威胁，显示(情绪等) 11 intr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  take care; make sure 留意；确保 12 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  expect 期望  am looking to finish this today  正盼望今天完成它 ●n.  1  an act of looking; the directing of the eyes to look at a thing or person; a glance 看；视；望；瞥  a scornful look  讥讽的一瞥 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the appearance of a face; a person's expression or personal aspect 脸色；表情；容貌 3  the (esp. characteristic) appearance of a thing (事物的)外观，样子(尤指特点)  the place has a European look  此地具有欧洲特色 4  style, fashion 风格，时尚  this year's look  今年的时尚 ●int. (also 亦作 look here!)  calling attention, expressing a protest, etc. 引起注意(表达反对等) □ look after   1  attend to; take care of 照顾，照看 2  follow with the eye 目送 3  seek for 寻求，寻找□ look one's age   appear to be as old as one really is 看上去与年龄相称□ look alive (or lively)  (often in imper. 常用于祈使句) colloq.  move (more) energetically; be brisk and alert [口]加油干；快一点，干起来□ look as if   suggest by appearance the belief that 看起来好像  it looks as if he's gone  看起来他像是走了□ look back   1 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, to)  turn one's thoughts to (something past) 回忆，回顾(往事) 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  cease to progress 停顿，犹豫  since then we have never looked back  从那以后我们再也没有犹豫过 3 Brit.  make a further visit later [英]扑空后再次走访□ look before you leap   avoid precipitate action 三思而后行□ look daggers   see 见 DAGGER □ look down on (or upon or look down one's nose at)   regard with contempt or a feeling of superiority 藐视，傲视□ look for trouble   see 见 TROUBLE □ look forward to   await (an expected event) eagerly or with specified feelings 盼望(期待的事)□ look in   make a short visit or call (顺道)走访，拜访□ look a person in the eye (or eyes or face)   look directly and unashamedly at him or her 正视(某人)□ look like   1  have the appearance of 外表看上去像 2 Brit.  seem to be [英]好像  they look like winning  他们好像要赢 3  threaten or promise 看来要  it looks like rain  天看来要下雨 4  indicate the presence of 外表特征像  it looks like woodworm  看上去像是蛀木虫□ look lively   see 见 LIVELY □ look on   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  regard 看作，对待  looks on you as a friend  把你看作朋友 looked on them with disfavour  冷待他们 2  be a spectator; avoid participation 旁观；观望□ look oneself   appear in good health (esp. after illness etc.) 身体很好(尤指病后等)□ look out   1  direct one's sight or put one's head out of a window etc. 朝外看，头探出(窗外等)去看 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be vigilant or prepared 警惕；留神 3 (foll. by 后跟 on, over, etc.)  have or afford a specified outlook 眺望，俯瞰 4 Brit.  search for and produce [英]找出，挑出  shall look one out for you  给你挑一个□ look over   1  inspect or survey 检查；察看  looked over the house  察看了这所房子 2  examine (a document etc.) esp. cursorily (尤指粗略地)查阅；翻阅(文件等)  shall look it over  要查阅一下□ look round (US [美] around)   1  look in every or another direction 环顾；往四下看 2  examine the objects of interest in a place 参观，游览；观光  you must come and look round sometime  你一定得来参观一下 3  examine the possibilities etc. with a view to deciding on a course of action 考察可能性，审时度势□ look sharp   act promptly; make haste 赶紧，赶快 (originally 原义 = keep strict watch 紧盯)□ look small   see 见 SMALL □ look through   1  examine the contents of, esp. cursorily (尤指粗略地)查阅 2  penetrate (a pretence or pretender) with insight 看穿，看透；识破(借口或骗子) 3  ignore by pretending not to see 佯装未看见  I waved, but you just looked through me  我挥手示意，而你却装着没瞧见我□ look up   1  search for (esp. information in a book) 查找(尤指书中资料) 2 colloq.  go to visit (a person) [口]走访；拜访(某人)  had intended to look them up  有意去拜访他们 3  raise one's eyes 抬头看  looked up when I went in  我一进去，…便抬头看 4  improve, esp. in price, prosperity, or well-being 改善(尤指物价调整，市场兴旺，生活好转)  things are looking up all round  状况正在全面得到改善□ look a person up and down   scrutinize a person keenly or contemptuously 上下打量□ look up to   respect or venerate 尊敬；敬重□ not like the look of   find alarming or suspicious 发觉…令人恐慌；发现…有嫌疑□ -looking  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English lōcian, from West Germanic]

lookalike /ˈlʊkəlaik/ n.  a person or thing closely resembling another 酷似，极相似的人(或物)  a Prince Charles lookalike  长相酷似查尔斯王子的人

looker /ˈlʊkə/ n.  1  a person having a specified appearance 相貌…的人  a great looker  仪表堂堂的人 2 colloq.  a good-looking person, esp. a woman [口]长相好看的人(尤指妇女)

looker-on n.  a person who is a mere spectator 旁观者，局外人

look-in n. colloq. [口]  1  an informal call or visit 顺便的拜访，非正式访问 2  a chance of participation or success 参与的机会；成功的机遇  never gets a look-in  从未参与

looking-glass n.  a mirror for looking at oneself 镜子，梳妆镜子

lookout /ˈlʊkaʊt/ n.  1  a watch or looking out 留意观察；费心寻找；注意戒备  on the lookout for bargains  费心寻找便宜货 2  a  a post of observation 瞭望哨所b  a person or party or boat stationed to keep watch 看守者，监视者；监视船 3  a view over a landscape 景色 4 esp. Brit.  a prospect of luck [尤英]前景  it's a bad lookout for them  他们的前景不妙 5 colloq.  a person's own concern [口] (本人)关心的事

look-see n. colloq.  a survey or inspection [口]看；察看；调查 [from, or in imitation of, pidgin English]

loom1 /lu:m/ n.  an apparatus for weaving yarn or thread into fabric 织布机 [Middle English lōme from Old English gelōma ‘tool’]

loom2 /lu:m/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  come into sight dimly, esp. as a vague and often magnified or threatening shape 朦胧出现(尤指呈现模糊不清、放大或赫然出现之状) 2 (of an event or prospect) be ominously close (事件或形势)可怕地逼近 ●n.  a vague often exaggerated first appearance of land at sea etc. (从海上等)最初见到的朦胧而庞大的陆地形象 [probably from Low German or Dutch: cf. East Frisian lōmen ‘move slowly’, Middle High German lüemen ‘be weary’]

loon /lu:n/ n.  1 N. Amer. [北美]  = DIVER 3  2 colloq.  a crazy person (cf. 参见 LOONY) [口]疯子 [alteration of loom from Old Norse lómr]

loony /ˈlu:ni/ n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a mad or silly person; a lunatic 疯子；笨蛋；精神失常者 ●adj. (loonier, looniest)  crazy, silly 发疯的，蠢的 □ looniness  n.   [abbreviation of LUNATIC]

loony-bin n. slang offens.  a mental home or hospital [俚语] [冒犯]疯人院；精神病医院

loop /lu:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a figure produced by a curve, or a doubled thread etc., that crosses itself (线、绳等作成的)圈；环b  anything forming this figure 环状物 2  a similarly shaped attachment or ornament formed of cord or thread etc. and fastened at the crossing (绳、线等组成的)圈环状附着物(或装饰) 3  a ring or curved piece of material as a handle etc. (如把手等)襻；拎手 4  a contraceptive coil 避孕环 5 (in full 全称 loop line)  a railway or telegraph line that diverges from a main line and joins it again (铁路的)会车道；(电报线路的)环形线路 6  a manoeuvre in which an aeroplane describes a vertical loop (飞机的)翻筋斗飞行 7 Skating  a manoeuvre describing a curve that crosses itself, made on a single edge 【滑冰】(单脚)打圈儿 8 Electr.  a complete circuit for a current 【电】回路 9  an endless strip of tape or film allowing continuous repetition 环形磁带；环形胶片(可重复播放、放映) 10 Computing  a programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a particular condition is satisfied 【计算】循环指令 ●v.  1 tr.  form (thread etc.) into a loop or loops 把(线、绳等)作成圈 2 tr.  enclose with or as with a loop (似)圈住，(似)套住，(似)围绕 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, back, together)  fasten or join with a loop or loops (打环)捆扎，捆绑 4 intr.  a  form a loop 形成环状b  move in looplike patterns 作环状运动 5 intr.  loop the loop (see 见 LOOP-THE-LOOP) 翻筋斗飞行 [Middle English: origin unknown]

looper /ˈlu:pə/ n.  1  a caterpillar of the geometer moth which progresses by arching itself into loops 尺蠖 2  a device for making loops 打环装置

loophole /ˈlu:phəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a means of evading a rule etc. without infringing the letter of it (钻制度等的)漏洞，空子 2  a narrow vertical slit in a wall for shooting or looking through or to admit light or air 射击孔；观察孔；透光孔；通气孔 ●v. tr.  make loopholes in (a wall etc.) 在(墙上等)打眼，打洞 [Middle English loop in sense 2 + HOLE]

loop-the-loop n. & v. Aeron. 【空】  ●n.  the feat of circling in a vertical loop 空中翻筋斗 ●v. intr. (loop the loop)  perform this feat 表演空中翻筋斗

loopy /ˈlu:pi/ adj. (loopier, loopiest)  1 slang  crazy [俚语]疯的 2  having many loops 多环的，多圈的

loose /lu:s/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  not or no longer held by bonds or restraint 无束缚的，无拘束的b (of an animal) not confined or tethered etc. (动物)未圈住的；未拴住的，未拴链的 2  detached or detachable from its place 松开的；松动的  has come loose  已经松动 3  not held together or contained or fixed 松散的；散开的；未固定在一起的 4  not specially fastened or packaged 未系在一起的；散装的，零散的  loose papers  零散的纸张 had her hair loose  她头发披散着 5  hanging partly free 松开下垂的  a loose end  松开的一端 6  slack, relaxed; not tense or tight 松弛的，放松的；不紧的 7  not compact or dense 疏松的；不紧密的  loose soil  疏松的土壤 8 (of language, concepts, etc.) inexact; conveying only the general sense (语言、概念等)不贴切的；含糊的 9 (preceding an agent noun 后接施动者名词)  doing the expressed action in a loose or careless manner 不严谨的，不严格的  a loose thinker  思维不严谨的人 10  morally lax; dissolute 放荡的，淫荡的  loose living  放荡的生活 11 (of the tongue) likely to speak indiscreetly (说话)随便的，轻率的，不得体的 12 (of the bowels) tending to diarrhoea (肠)腹泻的 13 Sport 【运动】  a (of a ball) in play but not in any player's possession (球)没有接着的b (of play etc.) with the players not close together (比赛等)配合不默契的 14 Cricket 【板球】  a (of bowling) inaccurately pitched (投球)扔得不准的b (of fielding) careless or bungling (守场)不经心的，失手的 15 (in comb. 用于复合词)  loosely 松的，不紧绷的  loose -fitting  宽松的 ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a state of freedom or unrestrainedness 自由，放松 2  loose play in football (足球比赛中的)争球  in the loose  在争球中 3 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 give loose to)  free expression 放任，放纵 ●v. tr.  1  release; set free; free from constraint 释放；使获自由；使不受约束 2  untie or undo (something that constrains) 解开，拆掉(约束物) 3  detach from moorings 起锚 4  relax 松开  loosed my hold on it  我松开了手 5  discharge (a gun or arrow etc.) 开(枪)；发射(箭等) □ at a loose end (or N. Amer. [北美] at loose ends)  (of a person) unoccupied, esp. temporarily (人) (尤指暂时)无事可做的□ on the loose   1  escaped from captivity 在逃，逍遥法外 2  having a free enjoyable time 寻欢作乐□ loosely  adv.  □ looseness  n.  □ loosish  adj.   [Middle English lōs from Old Norse lauss, from Germanic]

loose box n. Brit.  a compartment for a horse, in a stable or vehicle, in which it can move about [英]马厩(或运马车辆)的散放间

loose cannon n.  a person or thing causing unintentional or misdirected damage 造成非故意伤害(或误伤)的人(或物)

loose change n.  money as coins in the pocket etc. for casual use (口袋等中的)零钱

loose cover n. Brit.  a removable cover for a chair or sofa etc. [英] (椅或沙发等)可拆卸的套子

loose-leaf adj. & n. ●adj. (of a notebook, manual, etc.) with each leaf separate and removable (笔记本、手册等)活页的 ●n.  a loose-leaf notebook etc. 活页笔记本(等)

loose-limbed adj.  having supple limbs 手脚灵活的

loosen /ˈlu:s(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less tight or compact or firm 使松；变松；解开；松散 2 tr.  make (a regime etc.) less severe 使(制度等)放宽 3 tr.  release (the bowels) from constipation 使(大便)通畅 4 tr.  relieve (a cough) from dryness 使(咳嗽)咳出痰 □ loosen a person's tongue   make a person talk freely 使人畅所欲言□ loosen up   = limber up (see 见 LIMBER1 v.) □ loosener  n.  

loose order n.  an arrangement of soldiers etc. with wide intervals (士兵等)散开的队形

loosestrife /ˈlu:sstraif/ n.  1 (in full 全称 yellow loosestrife)  a tall waterside plant, Lysimachia vulgaris, of the primrose family, with spikes of yellow flowers 黄连花 2 (in full 全称 purple loosestrife)  a tall waterside plant Lythrum salicaria, with spikes of star-shaped purple flowers 千屈菜 [LOOSE + STRIFE, taking the Greek name lusimakhion (from Lusimakhos, its discoverer) as if directly from luō ‘undo’ + makhē ‘battle’]

loot /lu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  goods taken from an enemy; spoil 战利品；掠夺物 2  booty; illicit gains made by an official 赃物；非法收益 3 slang  money [俚语]钱 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  rob (premises) or steal (goods) left unprotected, esp. after a riot 抢劫(营业场所)；(尤指骚乱后)掳掠(物品) 2  plunder or sack (a city, premises, etc.) 掠夺，洗劫(城市、营业场所等) 3  carry off as booty 贪污 □ looter  n.   [Hindi lūt]

loo table n.  a circular table for playing loo on or one resembling such a table 卢牌赌博桌；形似卢牌桌的桌子 [LOO2]

lop1 /lɒp/ v. & n. ●v. (lopped, lopping)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  cut or remove (a part or parts) from a whole, esp. branches from a tree 砍掉；剪去(尤指树枝)b  remove branches from (a tree) 修剪(树木) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  remove (items) as superfluous 删除，删减(项目) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  make lopping strokes on (a tree etc.) 砍(树等) ●n.  parts lopped off, esp. branches and twigs of trees 砍去部分(尤指树枝和枝条) □ lop and top (or crop)   the trimmings of a tree (修剪下来的)树枝和树梢□ lopper  n.   [Middle English from Old English: perhaps related to Lithuanian lùpti ‘to strip or peel’]

lop2 /lɒp/ v. (lopped, lopping)  1 intr. & tr.  hang limply 垂挂，垂挂下来 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about)  slouch, dawdle; hang about 无精打采地闲混，闲逛 3 intr.  move with short bounds 蹦跳着跑动 4 tr. (of an animal) let (the ears) hang (动物)耷拉下(耳朵) □ loppy  adj.   [probably imitative]

lope /ləʊp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (esp. of animals) run with a long bounding stride (尤指动物)跳跃着奔跑 ●n.  a long bounding stride 跳跃奔跑 [Middle English, variant of Scots loup, from Old Norse hlaupa LEAP]

lop-ears n. pl.  drooping ears 耷拉的耳朵 □ lop-eared  adj.  

lopho- /ˈləʊfəʊ, ˈlɒfəʊ/ comb. form Zool.  crested [构词成分]【动】有肉冠的 [Greek lophos ‘crest’]

lophodont /ˈləʊfə(ʊ)dɒnt, ˈlɒf-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having transverse ridges on the grinding surface of molar teeth 脊齿型的 ●n.  an animal with these teeth 脊齿动物 [LOPHO- + Greek odous odont- ‘tooth’]

lophophore /ˈləʊfə(ʊ)fɔ:, ˈlɒf-/ n.  a horseshoe-shaped structure bearing ciliated tentacles around the mouth of bryozoans, brachiopods, etc. (藓苔虫、腕足类动物等的)触手冠；总担；纤毛环 □ lophophorate  /ləˈfɒfəreit, ləʊfəˈfɔ:reit/ n. & adj.  

lopolith /ˈlɒpəliθ/ n. Geol.  a large saucer-shaped intrusion of igneous rock 【地质】岩盆 [Greek lopas ‘basin’ + -LITH]

lopsided /lɒpˈsaidid/ adj.  with one side lower or smaller than the other; unevenly balanced 向一面倾斜的，偏重的；不平衡的，不匀称的 □ lopsidedly  adv.  □ lopsidedness  n.   [LOP2 + SIDE]

loquacious /lɒˈkweiʃəs/ adj.  1  talkative 话多的 2 (of birds or water) chattering, babbling (鸟或水)鸣叫不停的；潺潺不息的 □ loquaciously  adv.  □ loquaciousness  n.  □ loquacity  /-ˈkwæsiti/ n.   [Latin loquax -acis from loqui ‘talk’]

loquat /ˈləʊkwɒt/ n.  1  a tree of the rose family, Eriobotrya japonica, bearing small yellow egg-shaped fruits 枇杷树 2  this fruit 枇杷 [Chinese dialect luh kwat ‘rush orange’]

loquitur /ˈlɒkwitə/ v. intr. (he or she) speaks (with the speaker's name following, as a stage direction or to inform the reader) (他或她)说(后跟说话人的名字，作为舞台指示用语或提醒读者) [Latin from loqui ‘talk, speak’]

lor /lɔ:/ int. Brit. slang  an exclamation of surprise or dismay [英] [俚语]上帝！天啊！  [abbreviation of LORD]

loran /ˈlɔ:ræn, ˈlɒ-/ n.  a system of long-distance navigation in which position is determined from the intervals between signal pulses received from widely spaced radio transmitters 远程无线电导航系统 [long-range navigation]

lord /lɔ:d/ n., int. & v. ●n.  1  a master or ruler 君主；君王 2 hist.  a feudal superior, esp. of a manor [史义]封建主(尤指领主、庄园主) 3  a peer of the realm or a person entitled to the title Lord, esp. a marquess, earl, viscount, or baron 贵族；勋爵(尤指侯爵、伯爵、子爵或男爵) 4 (作 Lord) (often prec. by 常前接 the)  a name for God or Christ 主(上帝或耶稣基督) 5 (作 Lord)  a  prefixed as the designation of a marquess, earl, viscount, or baron 勋爵(用在侯、伯、子或男爵前的尊称)b  prefixed to the Christian name of the younger son of a duke or marquess 阁下(用于公爵或侯爵幼子教名前的尊称)c (作 the Lords)  = HOUSE OF LORDS  6 Astrol.  the ruling planet (of a sign, house, or chart) 【占】主星 ●int. (作 Lord)  expressing surprise, dismay, etc. (表示惊讶、沮丧等)上帝！天啊！  ●v. tr.  confer the title of Lord upon 封…为勋爵 □ live like a lord   live sumptuously 过奢侈的生活□ lord it over   1  domineer 专横跋扈 2  adopt an attitude of superiority over 对…逞威风，霸道□ lord over  (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  rule over 统治□ lordless  adj.  □ lordlike  adj.   [Old English hlɑˉford from hlɑˉfweard = bread-keeper (as LOAF1, WARD)]

Lord Advocate n.  the principal law officer of the Crown in Scotland (苏格兰的)检察总长

Lord Bishop n.  the formal title of any bishop (正式称呼)主教

Lord Chamberlain n. (in full 全称 Lord Chamberlain of the Household) (in the UK) the official in charge of the Royal Household, formerly the licenser of plays (英国)宫务大臣(旧时为戏剧检查官)

Lord Chancellor n. (in the UK) the highest officer of the Crown, presiding in the House of Lords etc. (英国)大法官(主持上议院等)

Lord Chief Justice n. (in the UK) the president of the Queen's Bench Division (英国) (女)王座法庭庭长

Lord Commissioner n.  the representative of the Crown at the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (驻苏格兰教会最高立法机构的)王室代表

Lord God of hosts var.  of LORD OF HOSTS  LORD OF HOSTS 的变体

Lord Great Chamberlain of England n.  the hereditary holder of a ceremonial office (世袭)礼仪大臣

Lord High Chancellor n.  = LORD CHANCELLOR 

Lord High Commissioner n.  = LORD COMMISSIONER 

Lord Lieutenant n.  1 (in the UK) the chief executive authority and head of magistrates in each county (英国)行政长官，郡首席治安官 2 hist.  the viceroy of Ireland [史义]驻爱尔兰总督

lordling /ˈlɔ:dliŋ/ n. usu. derog.  a minor lord [通常贬]小贵族，小老爷

lordly /ˈlɔ:dli/ adj. (lordlier, lordliest)  1  haughty, imperious 傲慢的；专横的 2  suitable for a lord 贵族气派的 □ lordliness  n.   [Old English hlɑˉfordlic (as LORD)]

Lord Mayor n.  the title of the mayor in London and some other large cities 市长大人(对伦敦和有些大都市市长的称呼)

Lord of hosts n. (also 亦作 Lord God of hosts)  God as Lord over earthly or heavenly armies 耶和华(万军之主)

Lord Ordinary  see 见 ORDINARY n. 5 

lordosis /lɔ:ˈdəʊsis/ n. Med.  inward curvature of the spine (opp. 反义 KYPHOSIS) 【医】脊柱前凸 □ lordotic  /-ˈdɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek lordōsis, from lordos ‘bent backwards’]

Lord President of the Council n. (in the UK) the Cabinet minister presiding at the Privy Council (英国)枢密大臣

Lord Privy Seal n. (in the UK) a senior Cabinet minister without specified official duties (英国)掌玺大臣

Lord Protector of the Commonwealth  see 见 PROTECTOR 4 

Lord Provost n.  the head of a municipal corporation or borough in certain Scottish cities (苏格兰某些市的)市长大人，镇长大人

lords and ladies n.  = CUCKOO PINT 

Lords Commissioners n. pl.  the members of a board performing the duties of a high state office put in commission 政府各部门委员会成员

Lord's Day n. (prec. by 前接 the)  Sunday 礼拜天，主日

lordship /ˈlɔ:dʃip/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of, over)  dominion, rule, or ownership 管辖；统治；拥有 2 archaic  the state of being a lord [古义]贵族的身份(地位) □ his (or your) Lordship (or lordship) (pl. their (or your) Lordships or lordships)   1  a respectful form of reference or address to a Lord, a judge, or a bishop (对贵族、法官或主教的尊称或称呼)爵爷；老爷；阁下；大人 2 iron.  a form of reference or address to a man thought to give himself airs [讽]爵爷(对高傲自大男子的谑称) [Old English hlɑˉfordscipe (as LORD, -SHIP)]

Lords of Session n. pl.  the judges of the Scottish Court of Session (苏格兰的)最高民事法庭法官

Lord's Prayer n.  the prayer taught by Christ to his disciples, beginning ‘Our Father’ 主祷文(以“我们在天上的父”开篇)

Lords spiritual n. pl.  the bishops in the House of Lords 上议院主教议员

Lord's Supper n.  the Eucharist 圣餐

Lords temporal n. pl.  the members of the House of Lords other than the bishops 上议院世俗议员

Lordy /ˈlɔ:di/ int.  = LORDint. 

lore1 /lɔ:/ n.  a body of traditions and knowledge on a subject or held by a particular group 传说；全部学科知识  herbal lore  本草学 gypsy lore  吉卜赛传说 [Old English lɑˉr from Germanic: related to LEARN]

lore2 /lɔ:/ n. Zool.  a straplike surface between the eye and upper mandible in birds, or between the eye and nostril in snakes 【动】眼端(鸟眼与上喙之间或蛇眼与鼻之间的条状部分) [Latin lorum ‘strap’]

Loretta /ləˈretə/   洛雷塔 [人名]

lorgnette /lɔ:nˈjet/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单或复数)  a pair of eyeglasses or opera glasses held by a long handle 长柄眼镜；看戏用长柄望远镜 [French, from lorgner ‘to squint’]

loricate /ˈlɒrikeit, -kət/ adj. Zool.  having a defensive armour of bone, plates, scales, etc. 【动】有兜甲的，有甲壳的(有鳞片的等) [Latin loricatus via lorica ‘breastplate’ from lorum ‘strap’]

lorikeet /ˈlɒriki:t/ n.  any of various small brightly coloured parrots of the subfamily Loriinae 吸蜜小鹦鹉 [diminutive of LORY, on the pattern of parakeet]

loris /ˈlɔ:ris/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  either of two small slow-moving nocturnal primates with small ears and a very short tail, Loris tardigradus of southern India (slender loris), and Nycticebus coucang of the E. Indies (slow loris) (印度南部的)蜂猴；(东印度群岛的)懒猴 [French, perhaps from obsolete Dutch loeris ‘clown’]

lorn /lɔ:n/ adj. literary  desolate, forlorn, abandoned [文学用语]荒凉的，寂寞凄凉的，遗弃的 [past part. of obsolete leese from Old English -lēosan ‘lose’]

Lorna /ˈlɔ:nə/   洛娜 [人名]

lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. Brit. [英] (pl. -ies)  1  a large heavy motor vehicle for transporting goods etc. (运货等的)载重汽车，卡车 2 archaic  a long flat low wagon, esp. a truck used on railways and tramways [古义] (铁道上的)货车(尤指敞篷货车) [19th c.: origin uncertain]

lory /ˈlɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various brightly coloured Australasian and SE Asian parrots of the subfamily Loriinae (澳洲和东南亚的)吸蜜小鹦鹉 [Malay lūrī]

Los Angeleno  see 见 ANGELENO 

Los Angeles /lɒsˈændʒili:z/ n.  洛杉矶 [美国城市]

lose /lu:z/ v. (past and past part. lost /lɒst/)  1 tr.  be deprived of or cease to have, esp. by negligence or misadventure (尤指因疏忽或意外事故)丢失；丧失；不再具有 2 tr.  a  be deprived of (a person, esp. a close relative) by death (因死亡)失去(某人，尤指亲人)b  suffer the loss of (a baby) in childbirth (产下的胎儿)未能存活 3 tr.  become unable to find; fail to keep in sight or follow or mentally grasp 遗失；迷失；辨不清  lose one's way  迷路 4 tr.  let or have pass from one's control or reach 使失控；错过  lose one's chance  错过机会 lose one's bearings  迷失方向 5 tr.  be defeated in (a game, race, lawsuit, battle, etc.) 输掉(比赛、竞赛、官司、战争等) 6 tr.  evade; get rid of 甩掉，摆脱  lost our pursuers  甩掉跟踪者 7 tr.  fail to obtain, catch, or perceive 失掉；未赶上；没有听见(或看见)  lose a train  没有赶上火车 lose a word  听漏一个词 8 tr.  forfeit (a stake, deposit, right to a thing, etc.) 放弃(赌本、存款、产权等) 9 tr.  spend (time, efforts, etc.) to no purpose 浪费(时间、精力等)  lost no time in raising the alarm  抓紧时间报警 10 intr.  a  suffer loss or detriment; incur a disadvantage 遭受损失；造成不利b  be worse off, esp. financially 受损失，变得更差(尤指财政) 11 tr.  cause (a person) the loss of 使(某人)失去…  will lose you your job  将使你失去工作 12 intr. & tr. (of a timepiece) become slow; become slow by (a specified amount of time) (钟表)走慢了；慢了(若干时间) 13 tr. (in passive 用被动)  disappear, perish; be dead 失散；失踪；消失；死去  was lost in the war  在战争中丧了命 is a lost art  失传的艺术 14 tr. colloq.  get rid of; discard [口]丢掉；抛弃 15 tr. (as 作 lost adj.)  damned, fallen 遭诅咒(的)，堕落(的)  lost souls  永坠地狱的灵魂 □ be lost (or lose oneself) in   be engrossed in 全神贯注于□ be lost on   be wasted on, or not noticed or appreciated by 对…不起作用，未引起注意；未被…领会□ be lost to   be no longer affected by or accessible to 不再受…影响，置之度外  is lost to pity  不再感到可惜 is lost to the world  把周围的事置之脑后□ be lost without   have great difficulty if deprived of 离不开；依赖于  am lost without my diary  离开了日记就记不起来了□ get lost  (usu. in imper. 通常用祈使句) slang  go away [俚语]滚开□ lose one's balance   1  fail to remain stable; fall 失去平衡；倒下 2  fail to retain one's composure 恐慌，慌张□ lose one's cool  colloq.  lose one's composure [口]沉不住气□ lose face   be humiliated; lose one's credibility 丢脸面；失去信誉□ lose ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ lose one's head   see 见 HEAD □ lose heart   be discouraged 失去信心，没有勇气□ lose one's heart   see 见 HEART □ lose one's nerve   become timid or irresolute 害怕，胆怯，犹豫不决□ lose out  colloq. [口]  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be unsuccessful; not get a fair chance or advantage (in) (在)…不成功；(在)…没有得到公平机会，失利 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be beaten in competition or replaced by 失败，输掉；被取代□ lose one's temper   become angry 发脾气□ lose time   allow time to pass with something unachieved etc. 白白浪费时间(而一无所获)□ lose touch   see 见 TOUCH □ lose track of   see 见 TRACK1 □ lose the (or one's) way   become lost; fail to reach one's destination 不知所措；迷路 [Old English losian ‘perish, destroy’ from los ‘loss’]

loser /ˈlu:zə/ n.  1  a person or thing that loses or has lost (esp. a contest or game) (尤指在比赛、运动中)输的人(或损失之物)  is a poor loser  是一个输不起的人 the loser pays  输者付钱 2 colloq.  a person who regularly fails [口]常败者

losing battle n.  a contest or effort in which failure seems certain 必败之役，毫无胜算的较量，徒劳的努力  felt we were fighting a losing battle  觉得我们正在进行一场毫无把握的战斗

loss /lɒs/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of losing; the state of being lost 丧失；丢失；损失，亏损，减少，下降b  the fact of being deprived of a person by death, estrangement, etc. (因死亡、关系疏远而致的)失去亲朋 2  a person, thing, or amount lost 损失的人(或物)；损失额 3  the detriment or disadvantage resulting from losing 损害；失利  that is no great loss  损害不大 □ at a loss  (sold etc.) for less than was paid for it (销售等)亏本地□ be at a loss   be puzzled or uncertain 困惑不解，不知所措□ be at a loss for words   not know what to say 不知说什么好 [Middle English los, loss, probably a back-formation from lost, past part. of LOSE]

loss adjuster n.  an insurance agent who assesses the amount of compensation arising from a loss 险损评估员

loss-leader n.  an item sold at a loss to attract customers 为招揽顾客而亏本销售的商品

loss-making adj. (of a business etc.) making a financial loss (生意等)亏损的 □ loss-maker  n.  

lost past and past part.  of LOSE 

lost cause n.  1  an enterprise etc. with no chance of success 败局已定的事业(公司等) 2  a person one can no longer hope to influence 失去影响(或号召)力的人

lost generation n.  1  a generation with many of its men killed in war, esp. in the First World War 战争中大批阵亡的一代(尤指在第一次世界大战中) 2  an emotionally and culturally unstable generation coming to maturity, esp. in 1915 － 25 迷惘的一代(尤指 1915 年至 1925 年期间，感情上和文化上不稳定地走向成熟的一代)

lost labour n.  fruitless effort 无功之劳，徒劳

lost soul n.  1  a soul that is damned 该诅咒的灵魂，永坠地狱的灵魂 2  a person who is unable to cope with everyday life; a bewildered or pitiful person 孤立无援的人；迷惘可怜的人

lost wax n.  = CIRE PERDUE 

lot /lɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 a, or in pl. 用复数) colloq. [口]  a  a large number or amount 大量，很多，许多  a lot of people  许多人 lots of chocolate  许多巧克力b  much (as 作 adv.) 很，极，非常  a lot warmer  暖和多了 smiles a lot  高兴极了 is lots better  身体好多了 2  a  each of a set of objects used in making a chance selection 签；阄b  this method of deciding 抽签；抓阄  chosen by lot  用抓阄来选定 3  a share, or the responsibility resulting from it (由抓阄而定的)份额；份儿 4  a person's destiny, fortune, or condition 命运；运气；境遇 5 esp. N. Amer.  a plot; an allotment of land [尤北美]地皮；场地  parking lot  停车场 6  an article or set of articles for sale at an auction etc. 一件(或一组拍卖品等) 7  a number or quantity of associated persons or things 一群；一批；一类；一组 ●v. tr. (lotted, lotting)  divide into lots 把…分成批(组等) □ cast (or draw) lots   decide by means of lots 由抓阄来决定□ throw in one's lot with   decide to share the fortunes of 决定与…共命运□ the (or the whole) lot  esp. Brit.  the whole number or quantity [尤英]全部；整体；总量□ a whole lot  colloq.  very much [口]很多，非常  is a whole lot better  好多了 [Old English hlot ‘portion, choice’, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1a of the noun, a lot of is somewhat informal, but acceptable in serious writing, whereas lots of is not. 在名词释义 1a 中， a lot of 有非正式文体的意味，但是在正式文体中也可以接受，而 lots of 却不可接受。 

loth var.  of LOATH  LOATH 的变体

Lothario /ləˈθɛəriəʊ, -ˈθɑ:-/ n. (pl. -os)  a rake or libertine 专事勾引女人的人，浪子 [a character in Rowe's Fair Penitent (1703)]

lotion /ˈləʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  a medicinal or cosmetic liquid preparation applied externally 外用药液(或化妆用液)；洗剂 [Middle English via Old French lotion or Latin lotio from lavare lot- ‘wash’]

lotta /ˈlɒtə/ (also 亦作 lotsa /ˈlɒtsə/) colloq.  lots of [口]许多，很多 [corruption]

lottery /ˈlɒt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random (发行彩票)抽奖筹款法 2  an enterprise, process, etc., whose success is governed by chance (事业、过程等中)碰运气的事，凑巧的过程  life is a lottery  生活是件碰运气的事 [probably from Dutch loterij (as LOT)]

lotto /ˈlɒtəʊ/ n.  1  a game of chance like bingo, but with numbers drawn by the players instead of being called 洛托赌博戏 2 esp. US  a lottery [尤美]彩票抽奖 [Italian]

lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) a legendary plant inducing luxurious languor when eaten (希腊神话中的)落柘枣树；忘忧树(食后会产生美妙的梦幻) 2  a  any water lily of the genus Nelumbo, esp. N. nucifera of India, with large pink flowers (尤指生长在印度的)睡莲b  this flower used symbolically in Hinduism and Buddhism (用于印度教和佛教中的)荷花饰 3  an Egyptian water lily, Nymphaea lotus, with white flowers (埃及)齿状白睡莲 4  any plant of the genus Lotus, e.g. bird's-foot trefoil 百脉根属植物(如牛角花) [Latin from Greek lōtos, of Semitic origin]

lotus-eater n.  a person given to indolent enjoyment 贪图安逸的人

lotus-land n.  a place of indolent enjoyment 安逸乡

lotus position n.  a cross-legged position of meditation with the feet resting on the thighs 盘腿打坐

Lou /lu:/   卢 [人名]

louche /lu:ʃ/ adj.  disreputable, shifty 名声不好的，行为不端的 [French, = squinting]

loud /laʊd/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  strongly audible, esp. noisily or oppressively so 响亮的(尤指喧闹的、大声的)b  able or liable to produce loud sounds (易)发出响声的  a loud engine  噪音大的发动机c  clamorous, insistent 吵闹不休的；急切的  loud complaints  不住地大声埋怨 2 (of colours, design, etc.) gaudy, obtrusive (色彩、图案等)俗艳的；显眼的 3 (of behaviour) aggressive and noisy (行为)吵吵嚷嚷的 ●adv.  in a loud manner 大声地，响亮地 □ out loud   1  aloud 出声地，响亮地 2  loudly 响亮地，大声地  laughed out loud  放声大笑□ louden  v. tr. & intr.  □ loudish  adj.  □ loudly  adv.  □ loudness  n.   [Old English hlūd, from West Germanic]

loud hailer n. Brit.  an electronic device for amplifying the sound of the voice so that it can be heard at a distance [英]电子扩音器

loudmouth /ˈlaʊdmaʊθ/ n. colloq.  a loud-mouthed person [口]说话叽里呱啦的人，高谈阔论者 □ loud-mouthed  adj.  

loudspeaker /laʊdˈspi:kə/ n.  an apparatus that converts electrical impulses into sound, esp. music and voice (尤指播放音乐、声音的)喇叭，扬声器

lough /lɒk, lɒx/ n. Ir. [爱尔兰]  = LOCH  [Irish loch LOCH, assimilated to the related obsolete Middle English form lough]

Louis /ˈlu:i, ˈlu:is/   路易斯 [人名]

louis /ˈlu:i/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /ˈlu:iz/) hist. (in full 全称 louis d'or /-ˈdɔ:/)  a former French gold coin worth about 20 francs [史义]金路易(法国旧金币，约为 20 法郎) [Louis, the name of kings of France]

Louisa /lu:ˈi:zə/   路易莎 [人名]

Louise /lu:ˈi:z/   路易丝 [人名]

lounge /laʊn(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  recline comfortably and casually; loll 懒洋洋地向后靠(或躺)；舒服地呆着 2  stand or move about idly 悠闲地站着；闲荡 ●n.  1  a place for lounging, esp. 休闲场所，尤指 :a  a public room (e.g. in a hotel) (如旅馆内的)休息厅b  a place in an airport etc. with seats for waiting passengers (机场等的)候机室c  a sitting room in a house 起居室 2 Brit.  a spell of lounging [英]休闲时段 [perhaps from obsolete lungis ‘lout’]

lounge bar n. Brit.  a more comfortable room for drinking in a public house [英]雅座酒吧

lounge lizard n. colloq.  an idler in fashionable society [口]时髦社交圈中的闲混者，花花公子

lounger /ˈlaʊn(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a person who lounges 游手好闲的人 2  a piece of furniture for relaxing on 憩息用的家具 3  a casual garment for wearing when relaxing 休闲服

lounge suit n. Brit.  a man's formal suit for ordinary day wear [英]日常西服

loupe /lu:p/ n.  a small magnifying glass used by jewellers etc. (珠宝匠等用的)寸镜(小型放大镜) [French]

louping-ill /ˈlaʊpiŋˌil/ n.  a viral disease of animals, esp. sheep, transmitted by ticks and causing staggering and jumping (尤指羊所患的)跳跃病(由蜱螨传播的病毒性疾病) [Scots & N. Engl. dialect loup ‘leap’]

lour /ˈlaʊə/ v. & n. (also 亦作 lower) ●v. intr.  1  frown; look sullen 皱眉头；闷闷不乐 2 (of the sky etc.) look dark and threatening (天空等)显得阴沉沉，呈险恶 ●n.  1  a scowl 怒容 2  a gloomy look (of the sky etc.) (天空等)昏暗 □ louringly  adv.  □ loury  adj.   [Middle English loure, of unknown origin]

louse /laʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (pl. lice /lais/)  a  a parasitic insect, Pediculus humanus, infesting the human hair and skin and transmitting various diseases 虱子  head louse  头虱 body louse  体虱b  any insect of the order Anoplura or Mallophaga, parasitic on mammals or birds (寄生在哺乳动物和鸟类身上的)虱目或食毛目昆虫c  any invertebrate that attaches itself parasitically to an animal, esp. an aquatic one, or that infests plants (附着在动物尤指水生动物身上的)无脊椎动物寄生虫；(寄生在植物上的)无脊椎动物 2 (pl. louses) slang  a contemptible or unpleasant person [俚语]卑鄙的人，讨厌的家伙 ●v. tr.  remove lice from 从…清除虱子 □ louse up  slang  make a mess of [俚语]把…搞糟 [Old English lūs, pl. lyˉs]

lousewort /ˈlaʊswɜ:t/ n.  a plant of the genus Pedicularis with purple-pink flowers, found in marshes and wet places 马先蒿属植物

lousy /ˈlaʊzi/ adj. (lousier, lousiest)  1  infested with lice 长满虱子的 2 colloq.  very bad; disgusting (also as a term of general disparagement) [口]糟透的；卑劣的(亦作一般性的贬语) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) colloq.  well supplied; teeming [口]大量的；很多的 □ lousily  adv.  □ lousiness  n.  

lout /laʊt/ n.  a rough, crude, or ill-mannered person (usu. a man) 粗鲁的人；行为无礼的人(通常指男子) □ loutish  adj.  □ loutishly  adv.  □ loutishness  n.   [perhaps from archaic lout ‘to bow’]

louvre /ˈluvə/ n. (also 亦作 louver)  1  each of a set of overlapping slats designed to admit air and some light and exclude rain 百叶窗板 2  a domed structure on a roof with side openings for ventilation etc. (圆形屋顶边上的)气窗，通气孔 □ louvred  adj.   [Middle English from Old French lover, lovier ‘skylight’, probably from Germanic]

louvre-board n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  each of the slats or boards making up a louvre 百叶片，百叶窗板

lovable /ˈlʌvəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 loveable)  inspiring or deserving love or affection 讨人疼爱的；可爱的 □ lovability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ lovableness  n.  □ lovably  adv.  

lovage /ˈlʌvidʒ/ n.  1  a S. European herb, Levisticum officinale, used for flavouring etc. 欧当归，拉维纪草(南欧草本植物，用作调味品等) 2  a white-flowered umbelliferous plant, Ligusticum scoticum 苏格兰当归(伞形白花科植物) [Middle English loveache, alteration of Old French levesche, via Late Latin levisticum from Latin ligusticum, neut. of ligusticus ‘Ligurian’]

lovat /ˈlʌvət/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 lovat green)  a muted green colour found esp. in tweed and woollen garments (尤指花呢、毛料衣物的)杂绿色 ●adj. (also 亦作 lovat green; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 杂绿色的 [Lovat, a place in Highland Scotland]

love /lʌv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an intense feeling of deep affection or fondness for a person or thing; great liking 爱，喜爱，爱好；热爱 2  sexual passion 性爱，情欲 3  sexual relations 爱情，恋爱关系 4  a  a beloved one; a sweetheart (often as a form of address) 爱人；情人，恋人(常作称呼)b Brit. colloq.  a familiar form of address regardless of affection [英口] (不表示爱的亲切称呼)可爱的人 5 colloq.  a person of whom one is fond [口]讨人喜爱的人 6  affectionate greetings 表示关怀的问候  give him my love  请带给他我的问候 7 (often 常作 Love)  a representation of Cupid 爱神丘比特 8 (in some games) no score; nil (某些比赛中的)零比分 9  a formula for ending an affectionate letter etc. (表示亲情信函等的结尾格式)爱你(们)的人 ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  feel love or deep fondness for 爱；热爱 2  delight in; admire; greatly cherish 喜好；爱慕；爱戴 3 colloq.  like very much [口]爱好，酷爱  loves books  酷爱看书 4 (foll. by verbal noun 后跟动名词 , or to + infin.)  be inclined, esp. as a habit; greatly enjoy; find pleasure in 喜欢(尤指习惯性倾向)；愿意；乐于  children love dressing up  小孩喜爱打扮 loves to find fault  爱挑毛病 □ fall in love  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  develop a great (esp. sexual) love (for) 爱上(尤指性爱)，堕入情网□ for love   for pleasure not profit 由于爱好，出于喜爱(不在乎报酬，仅在于乐趣)□ for the love of   for the sake of 为了□ in love  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  deeply enamoured (of) 热恋着；醉心于□ love-hate relationship   an intensely emotional relationship in which one or each party has ambivalent feelings of love and hate for the other 爱恨交加的强烈感情关系□ make love   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  have sexual intercourse (with) (与)…做爱，性交 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) archaic  pay amorous attention (to) [古义]求爱□ no love lost between   mutual dislike between (two people etc.) (两人等)互相厌恶□ not for love or money  colloq.  not in any circumstances [口]无论如何也不，无论在什么情况下都不□ out of love   no longer in love 不再相爱□ loveworthy  adj.   [Old English lufu from Germanic: related to LEAVE2, LIEF]

loveable var.  of LOVABLE  LOVABLE 的变体

love affair n.  1  a romantic or sexual relationship between two people in love (男女间)风流韵事；性关系 2  an intense enthusiasm or liking for something 强烈的热情(或兴致)

love-apple n. archaic  a tomato [古义]西红柿

lovebird /ˈlʌvbɜ:d/ n.  1  any of various African and Madagascan parrots, esp. Agapornis personata (非洲和马达加斯加的)情侣鹦鹉 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  an affectionate couple; lovers [口]一对恋人；恩爱夫妻；情侣

lovebite /ˈlʌvbait/ n.  a red mark on the skin, caused by biting or sucking during sexual play (做爱时咬或吮吸皮肤留下的伤痕)爱痕

love child n.  an illegitimate child 私生子

love feast n.  1  a meal affirming brotherly love among early Christians (早年基督徒的)恳亲宴 2  a religious service of Methodists, etc., imitating this (卫理公会等教徒的)联谊宴；类似的聚餐会

love game n.  a game in which the loser makes no score (输方)一分不得的比赛

love handles n. pl. esp. N. Amer. slang  excess fat at the waist [尤北美] [俚语]腰赘肉

love-in-a-mist n.  a blue-flowered garden plant, Nigella damascena, with many delicate green bracts 黑种草(开蓝花并有许多绿苞叶的园艺植物)

loveless /ˈlʌvlis/ adj.  without love; unloving or unloved or both 没有爱的；得不到爱的，既不爱又得不到爱的 □ lovelessly  adv.  □ lovelessness  n.  

love letter n.  a letter expressing feelings of sexual love 情书

love-lies-bleeding n.  a garden plant, Amaranthus caudatus, with drooping spikes of purple-red blooms 尾穗苋，老枪谷，千穗谷(园艺植物)

love life n.  a person's life with regard to relationships with lovers 爱情生活

lovelock /ˈlʌvlɒk/ n.  a curl or lock of hair worn on the temple or forehead 美发卷(鬓边一绺垂卷发或额前卷发)

lovelorn /ˈlʌvlɔ:n/ adj.  pining from unrequited love 失恋的，因失恋而变得憔悴的

lovely /ˈlʌvli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (lovelier, loveliest)  1  exquisitely beautiful 娇美的，漂亮的 2 colloq.  pleasing, delightful [口]令人愉悦的，快乐的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a pretty woman [口]美女 □ lovely and  colloq.  delightfully [口] (由于…) 而令人感到惬意  lovely and warm  暖和而舒适□ lovelily  adv.  □ loveliness  n.   [Old English luflic (as LOVE)]

lovemaking /ˈlʌvmeikiŋ/ n.  1  amorous sexual activity, esp. sexual intercourse 调情，亲热抚爱(尤指性交) 2 archaic  courtship [古义]求爱

love match n.  a marriage made for love's sake 出自爱情的婚姻

love nest n.  a secluded retreat for (esp. illicit) lovers (尤指不正当的)情人幽会处

lover /ˈlʌvə/ n.  1  a person in love with another 恋人，爱人 2  a person with whom another is having sexual relations 与人有性关系者 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a couple in love or having sexual relations 情侣 4  a person who likes or enjoys something specified 爱好者，热爱者  a music lover  音乐爱好者 a lover of words  爱说空话的人 □ loverless  adj.  

love seat n.  an armchair or small sofa for two 双人坐椅，双人沙发

lovesick /ˈlʌvsik/ adj.  languishing with romantic love 害相思病的 □ lovesickness  n.  

lovesome /ˈlʌvs(ə)m/ adj. literary  lovely, lovable [文学用语]可爱的，讨人喜欢的

lovey /ˈlʌvi/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. colloq.  love, sweetheart (esp. as a form of address) [英口]爱人，心爱的人(尤指称呼)

lovey-dovey /ˈlʌviˌdʌvi, lʌviˈdʌvi/ adj. colloq.  fondly affectionate, esp. in an unduly sentimental way [口]情意绵绵的，柔情伤感的

loving /ˈlʌviŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  feeling or showing love; affectionate 爱的，表示爱的；钟爱的 ●n.  affection; active love 钟爱，喜爱；热爱 □ lovingly  adv.  □ lovingness  n.   [Old English lufiende (as LOVE)]

loving cup n.  a two-handled drinking cup passed round at banquets 爱杯(宴会上递酒用的双柄大酒杯)

loving kindness n.  tenderness and consideration 慈爱；关怀

low1 /ləʊ/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  of less than average height; not high or tall or reaching far up 低的；矮的；不高的  a low wall  一堵矮墙 2  a  situated close to ground or sea level etc.; not elevated in position 近地平面的，近水平面的；地势低的  low altitude  低海拔b (of the sun) near the horizon (太阳)近地平线的c (of latitude) near the equator 纬度低的 3  of or in humble rank or position 等级(出身、地位)低下的  of low birth  出身低微的 4  of small or less than normal amount or extent or intensity (数值、程度或强度)小的，低于正常值的  low price  低价 low temperature  低温 low in calories  低热量 5  small or reduced in quantity (量)不够的，短缺的  stocks are low  库存不足 6  coming below the normal level 低于正常水平的  a dress with a low neck  低领衫 7  a  dejected; lacking vigour 消沉的，无生气的  feeling low  情绪低落的 in low spirits  精神不振的b  poorly nourished; indicative of poor nutrition 营养不良的；虚弱的 8 (of a sound) not shrill or loud or high-pitched (声音)小声的，低沉的 9 Phonet. 【语音】  = OPENadj. 22a  10  not exalted or sublime; commonplace 低微的；渺小的，平庸的 11  unfavourable 不利的  a low opinion  不利的意见 12  abject, mean, vulgar 卑鄙的，卑贱的，粗俗的  low cunning  卑鄙的欺诈行为 low slang  粗俗下流的俚语 ●n.  1  a low or the lowest level or number (最)低的水平(或数目)  the dollar has reached a new low  美元已降到新低 2  an area of low barometric pressure; a depression 低气压区；低地 ●adv.  1  in or to a low position or state 在低处，向下地 2  in a low tone 低声地  speak low  小声说话 3  at or to a low pitch 用低音调，以低音调  I can't sing so low  用这样低的音调我唱不出来 □ lowish  adj.  □ lowness  n.   [Middle English lɑˉh from Old Norse lɑˊgr, from Germanic]

low2 /ləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a sound made by cattle; a moo 牛叫声；哞 ●v. intr.  utter this sound 哞哞叫 [Old English hlōwan, from Germanic]

low-born adj.  of humble birth 出身低微的

lowboy /ˈləʊbɔi/ n. N. Amer.  a low chest or table with drawers and short legs [北美]有抽屉和短腿的小柜(或桌子)

lowbrow /ˈləʊbraʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not highly intellectual or cultured 知识少的，文化程度低的 ●n.  a lowbrow person 文化程度低的人 □ lowbrowed  adj.  

Low Church n.  a tradition within the Anglican Church giving little emphasis to ritual, priestly authority, and the sacraments 低教会派(英国圣公会中的一种传统，轻仪式、教会权威和圣礼)

low-class adj.  of low quality or social class 低质量的；社会地位低的

low comedy n.  that in which the subject and the treatment border on farce 滑稽戏；闹剧

Low Countries n. pl.  the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg 低地国家(荷兰、比利时和卢森堡)

low-cut adj. (of a dress etc.) made with a low neckline (衣服等)领口开得低的

low-density lipoprotein n.  the form of lipoprotein in which cholesterol is transported in the blood (abbr. 缩略 : LDL) 低密度脂蛋白

low-down adj. & n. ●adj.  abject, mean, dishonourable 卑鄙的，卑贱的，不诚实的 ●n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) colloq.  the relevant information (about) [口]有关真相，相关消息

lower1 /ˈləʊə/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (compar. of LOW1)  1  less high in position or status (位置或地位)较低的 2  situated below another part 较下面的  lower lip  下嘴唇 lower atmosphere  低层大气 3  a  situated on less high land 地势较低的  Lower Egypt  下埃及b  situated to the south 南面的  Lower California  南加州 4 (of an animal or plant) showing relatively primitive characteristics (e.g. a platypus or a fungus) (动植物)低等的，具有较原始特征的(如鸭嘴兽或真菌) 5 (often 常作 Lower) Geol. & Archaeol.  designating an older, and hence usu. deeper, part of a stratigraphic division, archaeological deposit, etc., or the period in which it was formed or deposited 【地质】【考古】地层较低的；埋藏较深的；较古老的 ●adv.  in or to a lower position, status, etc. (位置或地位等)较低地；较向下地 □ lowermost  adj.  

lower2 /ˈləʊə/ v.  1 tr.  let or haul down 放下，降下 2 tr. & intr.  make or become lower 使降低(或更少)；下降 3 tr.  reduce the height or pitch or elevation of 减低，降低(高度、音调或仰角)  lower your voice  你声音小一点 lower one's eyes  低下了眼睛 4 tr.  degrade (程度)减弱 5 tr. & intr.  diminish 减少，缩小 □ lower the tone   diminish the cultural content, prestige, or moral character (of a conversation, place, etc.) 降低(谈话、地方等)格调

lower3 var.  of LOUR  LOUR 的变体

lower case n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  small letters 小写字母

lower class n. & adj. ●n.  the members of the working class 工人阶级，下层阶级 ●adj. (lower-class)  of the lower class 工人阶级的，下层阶级的

lower criticism n. (prec. by 前接 the)  textual criticism of the Bible 对《圣经》的校勘

lower deck n.  1  the deck of a ship situated immediately over the hold 下甲板 2  the petty officers and men of a ship collectively (舰只上的)全体低级军官和全体水兵

Lower House n.  the larger and usu. elected body in a legislature, esp. (in Britain) the House of Commons (在立法机构中通常占多数且由选举产生的)众议院；(尤指)英国下议院

lower regions n. pl. (also 亦作 lower world)  hell; the realm of the dead 地狱，阴间

lowest common denominator n.  1  the lowest common multiple of the denominators of several fractions 最小公分母 2  the least desirable common feature of members of a group 合大多数人心意的东西

lowest common multiple n.  the lowest quantity that is a multiple of two or more given quantities 最小公倍数

low frequency n. (in radio) 30 － 300 kilohertz 低频(无线电的 30 至 300 千赫)

low gear n.  a gear such that the driven end of a transmission revolves more slowly than the driving end 低速齿轮，低速档

Low German n.  German dialects other than High German, spoken in the lowlands or north of Germany 低地德语(德国北方使用的方言)

low-grade adj.  of low quality or strength 低质量的；低强度的

low-income attrib. adj.  1  of or relating to the income group comprising low-wage earners (有关)低工资收入群体的 2  with a low national income (used esp. of poorer Third World countries) 国民收入低的(尤用于第三世界)

low-key adj.  lacking intensity or prominence; restrained 低强度的；低调的；有节制的

lowland /ˈləʊlənd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  low-lying country 低地国家 2 (作 Lowland) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the region of Scotland lying south and east of the Highlands 苏格兰低地 ●adj.  of or in lowland or (作 Lowland) the Scottish Lowlands 低地的；在低地的；苏格兰低地的 □ lowlander  n. (also 亦作 Lowlander)  

Low Latin n.  medieval and later forms of Latin 中古拉丁语

low latitudes n. pl.  regions near the equator 低纬度区

low-level adj. Computing (of a programming language) close in form to machine language 【计算】(计算机语言)与机器语言形式相近的，低级(语言)

low life n.  1  degenerate living; life in the criminal underworld 堕落的生活；社会底层的生活 2 (作 lowlife)  a  a member of the underworld 生活在社会下层的人b  such people collectively 下层社会阶层

lowlight /ˈləʊlait/ n.  1 joc.  a monotonous or dull period; a feature of little prominence [诙]单调(或沉闷)的时期；暗淡无光  one of the lowlights of the evening  一个黑暗无光的夜晚 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a dark tint in the hair produced by dyeing 头发染得较黑的部分 [on the pattern of HIGHLIGHT]

low-loader n. Brit.  a lorry with a low floor and no sides, for heavy loads [英]低车架载重卡车

lowly /ˈləʊli/ adj. (lowlier, lowliest)  1  humble in feeling, behaviour, or status 恭顺的；卑下的；地位低的 2  modest, unpretentious 谦恭的，平凡的 3 (of an organism) evolved to only a slight degree (有机体)演变到低级阶段的 □ lowlily  adv.  □ lowliness  n.  

low-lying adj.  at low altitude (above sea level etc.) 低海拔的，低洼的

low Mass n.  Mass with no music and a minimum of ceremony 小弥撒(无奏乐、仪式简单)

low-minded adj.  vulgar or ignoble in mind or character (思想、人品)粗俗的，下流的 □ low-mindedness  n.  

low-pitched adj.  1 (of a sound) low (音)低音的，低声的 2 (of a roof) having only a slight slope (房顶)缓坡的

low pressure n.  1  little demand for activity or exertion 低要求，无生气，缺乏气势 2  an atmospheric condition with pressure below average, e.g. in a depression (如气旋中的)低气压

low profile n. & adj. ●n.  avoidance of attention or publicity 不抛头露面；低调 ●adj. (作 low-profile)  1 (of a motor vehicle tyre) having a greater width than usual in relation to height (汽车轮胎)低断面的(与轮高相比轮胎断面较宽) 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  avoiding attention or publicity 不抛头露面的；低调的  a low-profile manager  不爱出风头的经理

low relief  see 见 RELIEF 6a 

low-rise adj. (of a building) having few storeys (建筑物)低层的

low season n.  the period of fewest visitors at a resort etc. 旅游淡季

low spirits n. pl.  dejection, depression 沮丧，消沉 □ low-spirited  adj.  □ low-spiritedness  n.  

Low Sunday n.  the Sunday after Easter 复活节后的第一个星期日

low tide n.  1  the state of the tide when at its lowest level 低潮 2  the time of this 低潮时间

low water n.  = LOW TIDE 

low water mark n.  1  the level reached by the sea etc. at low tide (海水等的)低潮水位 2  the minimum recorded level or value etc. 最低记录(最低值等)

Low Week n.  the week beginning with Low Sunday 复活节后的第一周(由星期日算起)

lox1 /lɒks/ n.  liquid oxygen 液态氧 [abbreviation]

lox2 /lɒks/ n. N. Amer.  smoked salmon [北美]熏鲑鱼 [Yiddish laks]

loyal /ˈlɔiəl/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  true or faithful (to duty, love, or obligation) (对职责、爱情或义务)真诚的，忠诚的 2  steadfast in allegiance; devoted to the legitimate sovereign or government of one's country 坚贞不渝的；效忠的，尽忠的 3  showing loyalty 表示忠心的 □ loyally  adv.   [French via Old French loial etc. from Latin legalis LEGAL]

loyalist /ˈlɔiəlist/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a person who remains loyal to the legitimate sovereign etc., esp. in the face of rebellion or usurpation 忠诚分子，忠君者(尤指面临叛乱、纂权时，忠于元首的人) 2 (作 Loyalist)  a supporter of union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 支持英国和北爱尔兰联盟的人 □ loyalism  n.  

loyal toast n.  a toast to the sovereign 效忠于元首的干杯

loyalty /ˈlɔiəlti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being loyal 忠诚 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a feeling or application of loyalty 忠心，效忠

lozenge /ˈlɒzin(d)ʒ/ n.  1  a rhombus or diamond figure 菱形；钻石菱形面 2  a small sweet or medicinal tablet, originally lozenge-shaped, for dissolving in the mouth (口含)药用糖锭，锭剂(原制成菱形) 3  a lozenge-shaped pane in a window 菱形窗玻璃 4 Heraldry  a lozenge-shaped device 【纹章学】菱形图案 5  the lozenge-shaped facet of a cut gem 宝石的菱形刻面 □ lozenged  adj. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ lozengy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French losenge, ultimately of Gaulish or Iberian origin]

LP abbr. [缩略]  1  long-playing (gramophone record) 播放时间长的，密纹的(唱片) 2  low pressure 

LPG abbr.  liquefied petroleum gas [缩略]液化石油气

L-plate n. Brit.  a sign bearing the letter L, attached to the front and rear of a motor vehicle to indicate that it is being driven by a learner [英]见习驾驶员指示牌(置于车前和车后)

LPO abbr.  London Philharmonic Orchestra [缩略]伦敦爱乐管弦乐团

Lr symb. Chem.  the element lawrencium [符]【化】(化学元素)铹

LSD abbr. [缩略]  lysergic acid diethylamide 

l.s.d. n. (also 亦作 £ .s.d.) Brit. [英]  1  pounds, shillings, and pence (in former British currency) 英镑，先令，便士(旧时的英国钱币) 2  money, riches 钱，财富 [Latin librae (= pounds), solidi, denarii (roman coins)]

LSE abbr.  London School of Economics [缩略]伦敦经济学院

LSO abbr.  London Symphony Orchestra [缩略]伦敦交响乐团

Lt. abbr. [缩略]  1  Lieutenant  2  light 

LTA abbr.  Lawn Tennis Association [缩略]草地网球协会

Ltd. abbr. [缩略]  Limited 

Lu symb. Chem.  the element lutetium [符]【化】(化学元素)镥

Luanda /luˈændə/ n.  罗安达 [安哥拉首都]

lubber /ˈlʌbə/ n. archaic or dial.  a big clumsy fellow; a lout [古义] [方]傻大个儿，拙笨的大汉 □ lubberlike  adj.  □ lubberly  adj. & adv.   [Middle English, perhaps via Old French lobeor ‘swindler, parasite’ from lober ‘deceive’]

lubber line n. Naut.  a line marked on a compass, showing the ship's forward direction 【海】(罗盘上的)航向标示线

lubra /ˈlu:brə, ˈlju:-/ n. Austral. offens.  an Aboriginal woman [澳] [冒犯]土著妇女 [Aboriginal, perhaps Tasmanian]

lubricant /ˈlu:brik(ə)nt, ˈlju:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance used to reduce friction 润滑剂，润滑油 ●adj.  lubricating 润滑的

lubricate /ˈlu:brikeit, ˈlju:-/ v. tr.  1  reduce friction in (machinery etc.) by applying oil or grease etc. (加油或油剂等)润滑(机器等) 2  make slippery or smooth with oil or grease 使…润滑 □ lubrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ lubricative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ lubricator  n.   [Latin lubricare lubricat- from lubricus ‘slippery’]

lubricious /lu:ˈbriʃəs, lju:-/ adj. (also 亦作 lubricous /ˈlu:brikəs/)  1  slippery, smooth, oily 滑溜的，润滑的，光滑的，油润的 2  lewd, prurient 淫荡的，好色的 3  evasive 躲躲闪闪的，难以捉摸的 □ lubricity  n.   [Latin lubricus slippery]

Lucan /ˈlu:k(ə)n, ˈlju:-/ adj.  of or relating to St Luke 圣路加的，与圣路加有关的 [ecclesiastical Latin Lucas from Greek Loukas ‘Luke’]

luce /lu:s, lju:s/ n.  a pike (fish), esp. when full-grown (尤指充分发育成的)白斑狗鱼 [Middle English via Old French lus, luis from Late Latin lucius]

lucent /ˈlu:s(ə)nt, ˈlju:-/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  shining, luminous 发光的，光亮的 2  translucent 透亮光的 □ lucency  n.   [Latin lucēre ‘shine’ (as LUX)]

lucerne /lu:ˈsɜ:n, lju:-/ n. (also 亦作 lucern) Brit. [英]  = ALFALFA  [French luzerne from modern Provençal luzerno ‘glow-worm’, with reference to its shiny seeds]

Lucia /ˈlu:sjə/   露西亚 [人名]

lucid /ˈlu:sid, ˈlju:-/ adj.  1  expressing or expressed clearly; easy to understand 表达清楚的，明了的；易于理解的 2  of or denoting intervals of sanity between periods of insanity or dementia 神志清醒的 3 Bot.  with a smooth shiny surface 【植】表面光泽的 4 poet.  bright [诗]明亮的 □ lucidity  /-ˈsiditi/ n.  □ lucidly  adv.  □ lucidness  n.   [Latin lucidus (perhaps via French lucide or Italian lucido) from lucēre ‘shine’ (as LUX)]

Lucifer /ˈlu:sifə, ˈlju:-/ n.  1  Satan 撒旦 2 poet.  the morning star (the planet Venus) [诗]晓星(金星) 3 (作 lucifer) archaic  a friction match [古义] (摩擦)火柴，安全火柴 [Old English from Latin, = light-bringing, morning star (as LUX, -fer from ferre ‘bring’)]

Lucinda /lu:ˈsində/   露辛达 [人名]

luck /lʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  chance regarded as the bringer of good or bad fortune 运气，造化 2  circumstances of life (beneficial or not) brought by this 命运 3  good fortune; success due to chance 好运，幸运  in luck  走运 out of luck  背气 ●v. intr. colloq. [口]  1 (foll. by 后跟 upon, up on)  chance to find or meet with 偶尔发现，巧遇上 2 (foll. by 后跟 into) esp. N. Amer.  acquire by good fortune [尤北美]靠运气得到 3 (foll. by 后跟 out) esp. N. Amer.  achieve success or advantage by good luck [尤北美]侥幸成功，走运 □ for luck   to bring good fortune 为求吉利，为交好运□ no such luck  colloq.  unfortunately not [口]无此福份□ try one's luck   make a venture 碰碰运气□ with luck   if all goes well 如果一切顺利的话□ worse luck  colloq.  unfortunately [口]不幸，不巧，真倒运 [Middle English via Low German luk from Middle Low German geluke]

luckily /ˈlʌkili/ adv.  1 (qualifying a whole sentence or clause 修饰整句或从句)  fortunately 幸运地  luckily there was enough food  幸好有足够的食物 2  in a lucky or fortunate manner 凑巧，碰巧，侥幸地

luckless /ˈlʌklis/ adj.  having no luck; unfortunate 倒霉的；不幸的 □ lucklessly  adv.  □ lucklessness  n.  

lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. (luckier, luckiest)  1  having or resulting from good luck, esp. as distinct from skill or design or merit 有好运气的，幸运的 2  bringing good luck 带来好运的  a lucky mascot  吉祥物 3  fortunate, appropriate 走运的，适当的  a lucky guess  正巧猜着 □ luckiness  n.  

lucky dip n. Brit.  a tub containing different articles concealed in wrapping or bran etc., and chosen at random by participants [英]幸运袋，摸彩袋(内装各种奖品)

lucrative /ˈlu:krətiv, ˈlju:-/ adj.  profitable, yielding financial gain 能盈利的，可产生利润的，赚钱的 □ lucratively  adv.  □ lucrativeness  n.   [Middle English from Latin lucrativus, from lucrari ‘to gain’]

lucre /ˈlu:kə, ˈlju:-/ n. derog.  financial profit or gain [贬]利润；赚头 [Middle English from French lucre or Latin lucrum]

lucubrate /ˈlu:kjʊbreit, ˈlju:-/ v. intr. literary [文学用语]  1  write or study, esp. by night (尤指挑灯)攻读(或写作) 2  express one's meditations in writing 把心得书写成文 □ lucubrator  n.   [Latin lucubrare lucubrat- ‘work by lamplight’ (as LUX)]

lucubration /lu:kjʊˈbreiʃ(ə)n, lju:-/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  nocturnal study or meditation 挑灯攻读；钻研 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  literary writings, esp. of a pedantic or elaborate character 文学作品(尤指学究气的或精心推敲的作品) [Latin lucubratio (as LUCUBRATE)]

Lucullan /lu:ˈkʌlən, lʊ-/ adj.  profusely luxurious 挥霍的，奢侈的 [from the name of Licinius Lucullus, Roman general of 1st c. BC, famous for his lavish banquets]

Lucy /ˈlu:si/   露西 [人名]

lud /lʌd/ n. Brit. [英]   □ m'lud (or my lud)   a form of address to a judge in a court of law (法庭上)对法官的称呼 [corruption of LORD]

Luddite /ˈlʌdait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a member of any of the bands of English artisans who rioted against mechanization and destroyed machinery (1811 － 16) [史义]勒德分子 (1811 至 1816 年英国反对机械化而捣毁机器的手工业者) 2  a person opposed to increased industrialization or new technology 反对工业化的人；反对技术进步的人 ●adj.  of the Luddites or their beliefs 反对工业化的；反技术进步的；主张捣毁机器的；信仰勒德派的 □ Luddism  /ˈlʌdiz(ə)m/ n.  □ Ludditism  /ˈlʌditiz(ə)m/ n.   [perhaps named after Ned Lud, who destroyed machinery c. 1779]

ludicrous /ˈlu:dikrəs, ˈlju:-/ adj.  absurd or ridiculous; laughable 荒唐的，滑稽的，可笑的 □ ludicrously  adv.  □ ludicrousness  n.   [Latin ludicrus, probably from ludicrum ‘stage play’]

ludo /ˈlu:dəʊ, ˈlju:-/ n. Brit.  a simple board game in which counters are moved round according to the throw of dice [英]鲁多(根据骰子的点子在游戏板上移动棋子) [Latin, = I play]

lues /ˈlu:i:z, ˈlju:-/ n. (in full 全称 lues venerea /viˈniəriə/)  syphilis 梅毒 □ luetic  /lu:ˈetik, lju:-/ adj.   [Latin, = plague]

luff /lʌf/ n. & v. (also 亦作 loof /lu:f/) Naut. 【海】  ●n.  1  the edge of the fore-and-aft sail next to the mast or stay 纵帆的前缘 2 Brit.  the broadest part of the ship's bow where the sides begin to curve in [英]船首最宽处(由此两舷向里弯曲) ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  steer (a ship) nearer the wind 掉转(船)抢风行驶 2  turn (the helm) so as to achieve this 转(舵)抢风行驶 3  obstruct (an opponent in yacht racing) by sailing closer to the wind (抢到赛艇对手的上风一面以)阻碍(对手)领先 4  raise or lower (the jib of a crane or derrick) 升降(起重杆) [Middle English lo(o)f from Old French lof, probably from Low German]

luffa var.  of LOOFAH  LOOFAH 的变体

Luftwaffe /ˈlʊftwæfə, 德 ˈlʊftvafə/ n. hist.  the German air force up to the end of the Second World War [史义] (第二次世界大战结束时的)纳粹德国空军 [German, from Luft ‘air’ + Waffe ‘weapon’]

lug1 /lʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (lugged, lugging)  1 tr.  a  drag or tug (a heavy object) with effort or violence 用力拖，使劲拉(重物)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 round, about)  carry (something heavy) around with one 吃力地携带(重物) 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, into)  introduce (a subject etc.) irrelevantly 硬扯(无关联的话题等) 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, to)  force (a person) to join in an activity 硬拉(人)参加某活动 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  pull hard 使劲拉 ●n.  1  a hard or rough pull 使劲的拉，粗鲁的拖 2 (in pl. 用复数) US slang  affectation [美] [俚语]装腔作势  put on lugs  摆架子 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Swedish lugga ‘pull a person's hair’ from lugg ‘forelock’]

lug2 /lʌɡ/ n.  1 Sc. or colloq.  an ear [苏格兰] [口]耳朵 2  a projection on an object by which it may be carried, fixed in place, etc. (物体上的)柄，把手，突出部 3 esp. N. Amer. slang  a lout; a sponger; a stupid or clumsy person [尤北美] [俚语]粗鲁的人；揩油者；愚蠢拙笨的人 [probably of Scandinavian origin: cf. LUG1]

lug3 /lʌɡ/ n.  = LUGWORM  [17th c.: origin unknown]

lug4 /lʌɡ/ n.  = LUGSAIL  [abbreviation]

luge /lu:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a light toboggan for one or two people, ridden in a sitting or supine position (可坐或仰卧的)长雪橇 ●v. intr.  ride on a luge 乘长雪橇 [Swiss French]

Luger /ˈlu:ɡə/ n.  a type of German automatic pistol 鲁格尔手枪(德国自动手枪) [named after G. Luger, German firearms expert d. 1922]

luggage /ˈlʌɡidʒ/ n.  suitcases, bags, etc. to hold a traveller's belongings 行李箱(行李袋等) [LUG1 + -AGE]

luggage van n. Brit.  a railway carriage for travellers' luggage [英] (火车的)行李车

lugger /ˈlʌɡə/ n.  a small ship carrying two or three masts with a lugsail on each (两或三桅)斜桁四角帆帆船 [LUGSAIL + -ER1]

lughole /ˈlʌɡhəʊl, ˈlʌɡəʊl/ n. Brit. slang  the ear orifice [英] [俚语]耳孔 [LUG2 + HOLE]

lugsail /ˈlʌɡseil, -s(ə)l/ n. Naut.  a quadrilateral sail which is bent on and hoisted from a yard 【海】斜桁四角帆 [probably from LUG2]

lugubrious /lʊˈɡu:briəs/ adj.  doleful, mournful, dismal 悲伤的，悲哀的，忧郁的 □ lugubriously  adv.  □ lugubriousness  n.   [Latin lugubris from lugēre ‘mourn’]

lugworm /ˈlʌɡwɜ:m/ n.  any polychaete worm of the genus Arenicola, living in muddy sand and leaving characteristic worm-casts on lower shores, and often used as bait by fishermen 沙蠋，海蚯蚓(海蚯蚓属环节虫，生活在岸边泥沙中，并留下虫状泥土圈，渔民常用作鱼饵) [LUG3]

Luke /lu:k/   卢克 [人名]

lukewarm /ˈlu:kwɔ:m, lu:kˈwɔ:m, lj-/ adj.  1  moderately warm; tepid 微温的，不冷不热的 2  unenthusiastic, indifferent 不热情的，冷淡的 □ lukewarmly  adv.  □ lukewarmness  n.   [Middle English from (now dialect) luke, lew from Old English, probably related to LEE]

lull /lʌl/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  soothe or send to sleep gently 哄睡；使安静入眠 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  deceive (a person) into confidence 哄骗(人)相信  lulled into a false sense of security  哄人相信真的具有安全感 3 tr.  allay (suspicions etc.) usu. by deception (通常用骗人的手法)消除(疑虑等) 4 intr. (of noise, a storm, etc.) abate or fall quiet (吵闹、风暴等)平息；停息 ●n.  a temporary quiet period in a storm or in any activity (风暴、活动等)暂时的平静 [Middle English, imitative of sounds used to quieten a child]

lullaby /ˈlʌləbai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a soothing song to send a child to sleep 摇篮曲 2  the music for this 催眠曲 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  sing to sleep 唱催眠曲使入眠 [as LULL + -by as in BYE-BYE2]

lulu /ˈlu:lu:/ n. slang  a remarkable or excellent person or thing [俚语]突出(或杰出)的人物(或事) [19th c., perhaps from Lulu, pet form of Louise]

lumbago /lʌmˈbeiɡəʊ/ n.  rheumatic pain in the muscles of the lower back 腰痛(后腰肌肉风湿痛) [Latin, from lumbus ‘loin’]

lumbar /ˈlʌmbə/ adj. Anat.  relating to the loin, esp. the lower back area 【解】腰部的(尤指后腰区) [medieval Latin lumbaris from Latin lumbus ‘loin’]

lumbar puncture n.  the withdrawal of spinal fluid from the lower back with a hollow needle, usu. for diagnosis 腰椎穿刺(通常用于诊断)

lumber1 /ˈlʌmbə/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, past, by, etc.)  move in a slow clumsy noisy way 缓慢笨拙且带有响声地移动 □ lumbering  adj.   [Middle English lomere, perhaps imitative]

lumber2 /ˈlʌmbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  disused articles of furniture etc. inconveniently taking up space [英] (占空间的)闲置家具 2  useless or cumbersome objects 无用笨重的物品 3 N. Amer.  partly or fully prepared timber [北美] (全部或部分)加工的木材 ●v.  1 tr. Brit. [英]  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  leave (a person etc.) with something unwanted or unpleasant 留给(某人等)不愿要(或不乐意做)的事  always lumbering me with the cleaning  总是把清扫工作留给我来做b (as 作 lumbered adj.)  in an unwanted or inconvenient situation 陷于尴尬处境(的)  afraid of being lumbered  害怕被陷入困境 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together) Brit.  heap or group together carelessly [英]乱堆放 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit.  obstruct [英]阻碍 4 intr.  cut and prepare forest timber for transport 采伐树木；加工森林木材 □ lumberer  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)  □ lumbering  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)   [perhaps from LUMBER1: later associated with obsolete lumber ‘pawnbroker's shop’]

lumberjack /ˈlʌmbədʒæk/ n. (also 亦作 lumberman pl. -men) esp. N. Amer.  a person who fells, prepares, or conveys forest timber [尤北美]伐木工；(原木)采运工

lumber-jacket n.  a jacket, usu. of warm checked material, of the kind worn by lumberjacks 伐木工茄克衫

lumber-room n. Brit.  a room where disused or cumbrous things are kept [英]杂物间

lumbersome /ˈlʌmbəs(ə)m/ adj.  unwieldy, awkward 笨重的，麻烦的

lumbrical muscle /lʌmˈbraik(ə)l, ˈlʌmbrik(ə)l/ n.  any of a group of small muscles involved in flexing the fingers or toes 蚓状肌 [modern Latin lumbricalis from Latin lumbricus ‘earthworm’, with reference to its shape]

lumen /ˈlu:men, ˈlju:-/ n.  1 (pl. lumens) Physics  the SI unit of luminous flux, equal to the amount of light emitted per second in a unit solid angle of one steradian from a uniform source of one candela (abbr. 缩略 : lm) 【物理学】流明(光通量单位) 2 (pl. lumina /-minə/) Anat.  a cavity within a tube, cell, etc. 【解】(导管、生物体中的)管腔 □ luminal  /ˈlu:min(ə)l, ˈlju:-/ adj.   [Latin lumen luminis ‘a light, an opening’]

luminaire /ˈlu:minɛə, ˈlju:-/ n.  a unit consisting of an electric light and its fittings 发光设备，照明装置 [French]

Luminal /ˈlu:min(ə)l, ˈlju:-/ n. propr.  phenobarbitone [商标]鲁米那(苯巴比妥的商标名) [as LUMEN + -al as in veronal]

luminance /ˈlu:min(ə)ns, ˈlju:-/ n. Physics  the intensity of light emitted from a surface per unit area in a given direction 【物理学】亮度，照度，发光率 [Latin luminare ‘illuminate’ (as LUMEN)]

luminary /ˈlu:min(ə)ri, ˈlju:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 literary  a natural light-giving body, esp. the sun or moon [文学用语] (发送自然光的)光体(尤指太阳和月亮) 2  a person as a source of intellectual light or moral inspiration (学识或道德方面的)杰出人物，英华贤达 3  a prominent member of a group or gathering (一群人中的)突出人物，著名人物  a host of show-business luminaries  一群演艺界的名人 [Middle English from Old French luminarie or Late Latin luminarium from Latin LUMEN]

luminescence /lu:miˈnes(ə)ns, lju:-/ n.  the emission of light by a substance other than as a result of incandescence 发冷光 □ luminescent  adj.   [as LUMEN + -ESCENCE (see -ESCENT)]

luminiferous /lu:miˈnif(ə)rəs, lju:-/ adj.  producing or transmitting light 发光的，传导光的

luminous /ˈlu:minəs, ˈlju:-/ adj.  1  full of or shedding light; radiant, bright, shining 光线充足的，照明的；光芒四射的，明亮的，发亮的 2  phosphorescent, visible in darkness 发冷光的  luminous paint  夜光漆 3 (esp. of a writer or a writer's work) throwing light on a subject (尤指作家或其作品)有见识的 4  of visible radiation 发光的  luminous intensity  发光强度 □ luminosity  /-ˈnɒsiti/ n.  □ luminously  adj.  □ luminousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French lumineux or Latin luminosus]

lumme /ˈlʌmi/ int. Brit. slang  an expression of surprise or interest [英] [俚语]哎呀，啊(表示惊讶或兴趣) [= (Lord) love me]

lummox /ˈlʌməks/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a clumsy or stupid person [北美口]傻大个儿，笨拙愚蠢的人 [19th c. in US & dialect: origin unknown]

lump1 /lʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a compact shapeless or unshapely mass (不定形的)团，块 2 slang  a quantity or heap [俚语]大数量，大堆 3  a tumour, swelling, or bruise 瘤；肿块；隆突 4  a heavy, dull, or ungainly person 举止笨重迟缓的人 5 (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  casual workers in the building and other trades [英] (建筑等行业的)临时工 6 (in pl. 用复数) slang.  hard knocks, attacks, defeats (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 : take one's lumps 咎由自取，自作自受) [俚语]重击，攻击，挫折 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together, with, in with, under, etc.)  mass together or group indiscriminately 把…放(混)在一起 2 tr. Brit.  carry or throw carelessly [英]乱拿，乱扔  lumping crates round the yard  把板条箱扔得院内到处都是 3 intr.  become lumpy 成块，长疙瘩 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along)  proceed heavily or awkwardly 蹒跚地移动；拙笨地行进 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down) Brit.  sit down heavily [英]重重地一屁股坐下 □ in the lump  Brit.  taking things as a whole; in a general manner [英]整个儿，全部地；大体上(说)，总的来说□ lump in the throat   a feeling of pressure there, caused by emotion (因情绪而导致)哽咽□ lumper  n. (in sense 2 of v. 用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

lump2 /lʌmp/ v. tr. colloq.  endure or suffer (a situation) ungraciously [口] (不乐意、勉强地)承受，忍受(处境) □ like it or lump it   put up with something whether one likes it or not 高兴也好，不乐意也罢；不管喜欢不喜欢 [imitative: cf. dump, grump, etc.]

lumpectomy /lʌmˈpektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a usu. cancerous lump from the breast (通常指乳房)肿块切除(术)

lumpenproletariat /ˌlʌmpənprəʊliˈtɛəriət/ n. (esp. in Marxist terminology) the unorganized and unpolitical lower orders of society, not interested in revolutionary advancement 流氓无产阶级，流氓无产者(尤为马克思主义用语) □ lumpen  adj.   [German, from Lumpen ‘rag, rogue’: see PROLETARIAT]

lumpfish /ˈlʌmpfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a spiny-finned fish, Cyclopterus lumpus, of the N. Atlantic, with modified pelvic fins for clinging to objects Also called 亦称作 LUMPSUCKER 圆鳍鱼 [Middle Low German lumpen, Middle Dutch lumpe (perhaps = LUMP1) + FISH1]

lumpish /ˈlʌmpiʃ/ adj.  1  heavy and clumsy 笨拙的 2  stupid, lethargic 蠢的，呆滞的 □ lumpishly  adv.  □ lumpishness  n.  

lumpsucker /ˈlʌmpsʌkə/ n.  a marine fish of the family Cyclopteridae, with a ventral sucker, esp. the lumpfish 圆鳍科鱼(尤指圆鳍鱼)

lump sugar n.  sugar shaped into lumps or cubes 成块的糖；块糖，方糖

lump sum n.  1  a sum covering a number of items (包括若干项目的)总额 2  money paid down at once (opp. 反义 INSTALMENT 1) 一次性付款

lumpy /ˈlʌmpi/ adj. (lumpier, lumpiest)  1  full of or covered with lumps 满是疙瘩的；多块的；被团块覆盖的 2 (of water) cut up by the wind into small waves (水)波浪起伏的 □ lumpily  adv.  □ lumpiness  n.  

lunacy /ˈlu:nəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  insanity (originally of the intermittent kind attributed to changes of the moon); the state of being a lunatic 精神错乱(原指间歇性精神错乱，被认为与月亮间歇性的变化有关)，疯癫 2 Law  such mental unsoundness as interferes with civil rights or transactions 【法律】心神丧失 3  great folly or eccentricity; a foolish act 呆头呆脑；荒谬(愚蠢的行为等)

luna moth /ˈlu:nə/ n.  a N. American moth, Actias luna, with crescent-shaped spots on its pale green wings 月形天蚕蛾 [Latin luna, = moon (from its markings)]

lunar /ˈlu:nə/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or determined by the moon 月亮的；与月亮有关的；按月亮测定的 2  concerned with travel to the moon and related research 有关月球旅行(及研究)的 3 (of light, glory, etc.) pale, feeble (光、荣耀等)苍白的，微弱的 4  crescent-shaped; lunate 月牙形的，新月形的 5  of or containing silver (from alchemists' use of luna (= moon) for ‘silver’) 银的，含银的(出自炼金术士用 luna (= 月)代替“银”) [Latin lunaris from luna ‘moon’]

lunar caustic n.  silver nitrate, esp. in stick form (尤指杆状的)硝酸银

lunar cycle n.  = METONIC CYCLE 

lunar distance n.  the angular distance of the moon from the sun, a planet, or a star, used in finding longitude at sea 月距(月与太阳或行星之间的角距，以此测出海上的经度)

lunar module n. (also 亦作 lunar excursion module)  a small craft used for travelling between the moon's surface and a spacecraft in orbit around the moon 登月舱，月球旅行舱

lunar month n.  1  the period of the moon's revolution, esp. the interval between new moons of about 29(1/2) days 太阴月(约 29(1/2) 天) 2 (in general use) a period of four weeks (一般用法)4 周

lunar node n.  each of the two points at which the moon's orbit cuts the ecliptic 月球(轨)交点

lunar observation n.  the finding of longitude by lunar distance 太阴观测(以月球距离测定经度)

lunar orbit n.  1  the orbit of the moon round the earth 月球绕地球轨道 2  an orbit round the moon 绕月轨道

lunar year n.  a period of 12 lunar months 太阴年

lunate /ˈlu:neit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  crescent-shaped 新月形的 ●n.  a crescent-shaped prehistoric implement etc. (史前的)月牙形工具(等) [Latin lunatus from luna ‘moon’]

lunate bone n.  a crescent-shaped bone in the wrist (手腕的)月骨

lunatic /ˈlu:nətik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an insane person 精神病患者，精神错乱的人 2  someone foolish or eccentric 傻子，古怪的人 ●adj.  mad, foolish 疯的；傻的 [Middle English via Old French lunatique from Late Latin lunaticus from Latin luna ‘moon’, from the belief that changes of the moon caused intermittent insanity]

lunatic asylum n. hist.  a mental home or hospital [史义]疯人院；精神病院

lunatic fringe n.  an extreme or eccentric minority group 极端分子集团，狂热分子团伙

lunation /lu:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the interval between new moons, about 29(1/2) days 太阴月(约 29(1/2) 天) [Middle English from medieval Latin lunatio from Latin luna ‘moon’]

lunch /lʌn(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the meal eaten in the middle of the day 午餐 2  a light meal eaten at any time 便餐，点心 ●v.  1 intr.  eat one's lunch 吃午饭 2 tr.  provide lunch for 请…吃午餐 □ luncher  n.   [LUNCHEON]

lunch box n.  a container for a packed meal 饭盒

luncheon /ˈlʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  lunch [正式]午餐，便餐；午宴 [16th c.: origin unknown]

luncheonette /lʌn(t)ʃəˈnet/ n. orig. US  a small restaurant or snack bar serving light lunches [源于美]便餐馆，小吃店

luncheon meat n.  a block of ground meat ready to cut and eat 午餐肉

luncheon voucher n. Brit.  a voucher or ticket issued to employees and exchangeable for food at many restaurants and shops [英]餐券，饭票

lunch hour n.  a break from work, when lunch is eaten 午休，午餐时间

lunchtime /ˈlʌn(t)ʃtaim/ n.  the time when lunch is eaten 午餐时间 often 常作 attrib.: lunchtime drinking  午间小酌

lune /lu:n/ n. Geom.  a crescent-shaped figure formed on a sphere or plane by two arcs intersecting at two points 【几】月牙形；弓形 [French from Latin luna ‘moon’]

lunette /lu:ˈnet, lju:-/ n.  1  an arched aperture in a domed ceiling to admit light 穹顶上的拱形窗 2  a crescent-shaped or semicircular space or alcove which contains a painting, statue, etc. (放置绘画、塑像等月牙形或半月形的)凹壁；壁龛 3  a watch-glass of flattened shape 平面的手表玻璃 4  a ring through which a hook is placed to attach a vehicle to the vehicle towing it (汽车的)牵引环 5  a temporary fortification with two faces forming a salient angle, and two flanks 眼镜堡 6 RC Ch.  a holder for the consecrated host in a monstrance 【天主教】(圣体匣内的)圣体座 [French, diminutive of lune (see LUNE)]

lung /lʌŋ/ n.  each of the pair of respiratory organs situated within the ribcage which bring air into contact with the blood in humans and many other vertebrates 肺 □ lunged  adj.  □ lungful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ lungless  adj.   [Old English lungen from Germanic, related to LIGHT2 (see LIGHTS)]

lunge1 /lʌn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden movement forward 突然前冲 2  a thrust with a sword etc., esp. the basic attacking move in fencing (尤指剑等的基本攻击动作)刺杀，戳 3  a movement forward by bending the front leg at the knee while keeping the back leg straight 弓箭步刺杀 ●v.  1 intr.  make a lunge 突然前冲 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, out)  deliver a blow from the shoulder in boxing (拳击中)从肩部出拳攻击 3 tr.  drive (a weapon etc.) violently in some direction (用武器等)猛刺，猛戳 [earlier allonge from French allonger ‘lengthen’, from ɑˋ ‘to’ + long LONG1]

lunge2 /lʌn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. (also 亦作 longe) ●n.  1  a long rope on which a horse is held and made to move in a circle round its trainer 驯马索(套在马脖上，使马绕着驯马员转圈) 2  a circular exercise ground for training horses 驯马的圆形场地 ●v. tr. (作 lungeing)  exercise (a horse) with or in a lunge (用驯马索)驯(马)；(在驯马场)驯(马) [French longe, allonge (as LUNGE1)]

lungfish /ˈlʌŋfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any freshwater fish of the order Dipnoi, having gills and a modified swim-bladder used as lungs, and able to aestivate to survive drought 肺鱼(肺鱼亚纲淡水鱼，除腮外，还有用作肺的气囊，夏季水枯时也能存活)

lungi /ˈlʊŋɡi:/ n. (pl. lungis)  a length of cotton cloth, usu. worn as a loincloth in India, or as a skirt in Myanmar (Burma) where it is the national dress for both sexes 腰布；缠巾(一块棉布，在印度用来缠腰；在缅甸作裙子，男女都穿) [Urdu]

lung-power n.  the power of one's voice 声量，发声力

lungworm /ˈlʌŋwɜ:m/ n.  a nematode parasitic in the lungs of mammals, esp. of farm and domestic animals 寄生于哺乳动物(尤指家畜)肺内的线虫

lungwort /ˈlʌŋwɜ:t/ n.  1  any herbaceous plant of the genus Pulmonaria, esp. P. officinalis with white-spotted leaves likened to a diseased lung 疗肺草(尤指白斑叶疗肺草) 2  a lichen, Lobaria pulmonaria, formerly believed to be a remedy for lung disease 肺衣(旧时被认为可治疗肺病)；地衣

lunisolar /lu:niˈsəʊlə/ adj.  of or concerning the sun and moon (有关)日月的，(有关)阴阳的 [Latin luna ‘moon’ + sol ‘sun’]

lunisolar period n.  a period of 532 years between the repetitions of both solar and lunar cycles 日月周期，太阴太阳周期 (532 年)

lunisolar year n.  a year with divisions regulated by changes of the moon and an average length made to agree with the solar year 阴阳年

lunula /ˈlu:njʊlə/ n. (pl. lunulae /-li:/)  1  a crescent-shaped mark, esp. the white area at the base of the fingernail 月牙形标记(尤指指甲根的白色甲弧影) 2  a crescent-shaped Bronze Age ornament (青铜时代的)月牙形饰物 [Latin, diminutive of luna ‘moon’]

lupin /ˈlu:pin/ n. (also 亦作 lupine /-pin/)  1  any plant of the genus Lupinus, with long tapering spikes of blue, purple, pink, white, or yellow flowers 羽扇豆属植物(开长形锥状兰、紫、粉红、白、黄花朵) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  seeds of the lupin 羽扇豆 [Middle English from Latin lupinus]

lupine /ˈlu:pain/ adj.  of or like a wolf or wolves 狼的，似狼的；凶残的，贪婪的 [Latin lupinus from lupus ‘wolf’]

lupus /ˈlu:pəs/ n.  any of various ulcerous skin diseases, esp. tuberculosis of the skin 狼疮(尤指皮肤结核) □ lupoid  adj.  □ lupous  adj.   [Latin, = wolf]

lupus vulgaris /vʌlˈɡɑ:ris, -ˈɡɛəris/ n.  tuberculosis with dark red patches on the skin, usu. due to direct inoculation of the tuberculosis bacillus into the skin 寻常狼疮

lur /lʊə/ n. (also 亦作 lure /ljʊə, lʊə/)  a bronze S-shaped trumpet dating from prehistoric times, still used in Scandinavia to call cattle (史前) S 形铜喇叭(斯堪的纳维亚半岛仍用其呼召牛) [Danish and Norwegian]

lurch1 /lɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a sudden unsteady movement or leaning; a stagger 突然倾斜；踉跄；蹒跚 ●v. intr.  stagger; move suddenly and unsteadily 蹒跚地行走；踉踉跄跄地行走 [originally Nautical lee-lurch, alteration of lee-latch ‘drifting to leeward’]

lurch2 /lɜ:tʃ/ n.   □ leave in the lurch   desert (a friend etc.) in difficulties 于危难中舍弃(朋友等) [originally = a severe defeat in a game, from French lourche (also the game itself, like backgammon)]

lurcher /ˈlɜ:tʃə/ n.  1 Brit.  a cross-bred dog, usu. a retriever, collie, or sheepdog crossed with a greyhound, originally used esp. for hunting and by poachers [英]杂交猎犬 2 archaic  a petty thief, swindler, or spy [古义]小偷；骗子；奸细 [obsolete verb lurch, variant of LURK]

lure1 /lʊə, ljʊə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, into)  entice (a person, an animal, etc.) usu. with some form of bait (通常用某种诱饵)诱骗(人、动物等) 2  attract back again or recall (a person, animal, etc.) with the promise of a reward (用报答)诱回(人或动物等) ●n.  1  a thing used to entice 诱饵，诱惑物 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the attractive or compelling qualities (of a pursuit etc.) (事业等的)吸引力，魅力 3  a falconer's apparatus for recalling a hawk, consisting of a bunch of feathers attached to a thong, within which the hawk finds food while being trained 诱(回)鹰的工具 □ luring  adj.  □ luringly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French luere, from Germanic]

lure2 var.  of LUR  LUR 的变体

lurex /ˈljʊəreks/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a type of yarn which incorporates a glittering metallic thread (卢勒克斯)金银纱 2  fabric made from this yarn (卢勒克斯)金银纱织物

lurgy /ˈlɜ:ɡi/ n. (pl. -ies) (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 the dreaded lurgy) joc.  an unspecified illness [诙] (一般含义上的)病 [20th c.: origin unknown (frequently referred to in the British radio series The Goon Show, of the 1950s and 1960s)]

lurid /ˈlʊərid, ˈljʊə-/ adj.  1  vivid or glowing in colour 色泽鲜艳的，鲜丽的  lurid orange  鲜艳的橘黄色 2  of an unnatural glare 刺眼的，耀眼的  lurid nocturnal brilliance  夜间刺眼的亮光 3  sensational, horrifying, or terrible 骇人听闻的；令人震惊的；可怕的  lurid details  骇人听闻的情节 4  showy, gaudy 显耀的，花哨的  paperbacks with lurid covers  封面俗气的平装本 5  ghastly, wan 鬼样的，苍白的，无血色的  lurid complexion  惨白的脸色 6 Bot.  of a dingy yellowish brown 【植】暗黄褐色的 □ cast a lurid light on   explain or reveal (facts or character) in a horrific, sensational, or shocking way 把(事实或性质)说得阴森可怕□ luridly  adv.  □ luridness  n.   [Latin luridus from luror ‘wan or yellow colour’]

lurk /lɜ:k/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  linger furtively or unobtrusively 鬼鬼祟祟地活动，偷偷摸摸地行动 2  a  lie in ambush 埋伏，潜伏b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, under, about, etc.)  hide, esp. for sinister purposes 暗藏，隐藏 3 (as 作 lurking adj.)  latent, semi-conscious 潜在的，不知不觉的  a lurking suspicion  隐藏在心里的疑虑 ●n. Austral. slang  a dodge, racket, or scheme; a method of profitable business [澳] [俚语]妙计；欺诈；诡计；获利的诀窍 □ lurker  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from LOUR with frequentative -k as in TALK]

Lusaka /lu:ˈsɑ:kə/ n.  卢萨卡 [赞比亚首都]

luscious /ˈlʌʃəs/ adj.  1  a  richly sweet in taste or smell 香甜的，芬芳的，甘美的b colloq.  delicious [口]鲜美的，美味可口的 2 (of literary style, music, etc.) over-rich in sound, imagery, or voluptuous suggestion (文学风格、音乐等)声调甜润悦耳的；想像丰富的，构思奇特的；色情的 3  voluptuously attractive 引起性欲的，性感的 □ lusciously  adv.  □ lusciousness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps an alteration of obsolete licious from DELICIOUS]

lush1 /lʌʃ/ adj.  1 (of vegetation, esp. grass) luxuriant and succulent (草木，尤指草)茂盛的，茂密的，郁郁葱葱的 2  luxurious 豪华的，奢华的 3 (of colour, sound, etc.) rich, voluptuous (色彩、声音等)色彩艳丽的，赏心悦目的；令人心动神驰的 4 slang  good-looking, attractive [俚语]漂亮的，好看的，吸引人的 □ lushly  adv.  □ lushness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps a variant of obsolete lash ‘soft’, from Old French lasche ‘lax’ (see LACHES) : associated with LUSCIOUS]

lush2 /lʌʃ/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  1  alcohol, liquor 酒 2  an alcoholic; a drunkard 醉鬼，醉汉 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  drink (alcohol) 喝(酒) 2 tr.  ply with alcohol 硬劝…喝酒 [18th c.: perhaps jocular use of LUSH1]

lust /lʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  strong sexual desire 强烈的性欲 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, of)  a passionate desire for 渴望，强烈的欲望  a lust for power  权力欲b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a passionate enjoyment of 爱好  the lust of battle  好战 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a sensuous appetite regarded as sinful 淫欲，贪欲，邪恶的欲望  the lusts of the flesh  肉欲 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 after, for)  have a strong or excessive (esp. sexual) desire 有强烈(或过分)的欲望(尤指性欲) □ lustful  adj.  □ lustfully  adv.  □ lustfulness  n.   [Old English from Germanic]

luster US var.  of LUSTRE1 [美] LUSTRE1 的变体

lustra pl.  of LUSTRUM  

lustral /ˈlʌstr(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or used in ceremonial purification 与仪式净化有关的；用于仪式净化的 [Latin lustralis (as LUSTRUM)]

lustrate /ˈlʌstreit/ v. tr.  purify by expiatory sacrifice, ceremonial washing, or other such rite 举行赎罪祭礼(洗礼或此类仪式)以净化 □ lustration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin lustrare (as LUSTRUM)]

lustre1 /ˈlʌstə/ n. & v. (US [美] luster) ●n.  1  gloss, brilliance, or sheen 光泽，光辉，光彩 2  a shiny or reflective surface 光亮(或反光)的表面 3  a  a thin metallic coating giving an iridescent glaze to ceramics 釉b  = LUSTREWARE  4  a radiance or attractiveness; splendour, glory, distinction (of achievements etc.) (成就等的)荣光，魅力；辉煌，光荣，出色  add lustre to  给…增光 shed lustre on  使…有光辉 5  a  a prismatic glass pendant on a chandelier etc. (枝形吊灯等物体上)棱形玻璃吊灯架b  a cut-glass chandelier or candelabra 刻花吊灯(灯架) 6  a Brit.  a thin dress material with a cotton warp, woollen weft, and a glossy surface [英]棉经毛纬有光衣料b  any fabric with a sheen or gloss 光滑的织物 ●v. tr.  put lustre on (pottery, a cloth, etc.) 给(陶瓷)上釉彩；使(布等)有光泽 □ lustreless  adj. (US [美] lusterless)  □ lustrous  adj.  □ lustrously  adv.  □ lustrousness  n.   [French via Italian lustro, from lustrare, from Latin lustrare ‘illuminate’]

lustre2 /ˈlʌstə/ n. (US [美] luster)  = LUSTRUM  [Middle English, Anglicized from LUSTRUM]

lustreware /ˈlʌstəwɛə/ n. (US [美] lusterware)  ceramics with an iridescent glaze 上釉瓷器 [LUSTRE1]

lustrum /ˈlʌstrəm/ n. (pl. lustra /-strə/ or lustrums)  a period of five years 5 年时间 [Latin, an originally purificatory sacrifice after a quinquennial census]

lusty /ˈlʌsti/ adj. (lustier, lustiest)  1  healthy and strong 健壮的 2  vigorous or lively 朝气蓬勃的；活泼的，愉快的 □ lustily  adv.  □ lustiness  n.   [Middle English, from LUST + -Y1]

lusus /ˈlju:səs, ˈlu:-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-su:s/ or lususes) (in full 全称 lusus naturae /nəˈtjʊəri:, -ˈtjʊərai/)  a freak of nature 天生畸形；造化的玩笑 [Latin, = sport of nature]

lutanist var.  of LUTENIST  LUTENIST 的变体

lute1 /lu:t, lju:t/ n.  a guitar-like instrument with a long neck and a pear-shaped body, much used in the 14th － 17th c. 诗琴 (14 至 17 世纪常用的拨弦乐器，形似吉他) [Middle English from French lut, leüt, probably via Provençal laüt from Arabic al-ˈūd]

lute2 /lu:t, lju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  clay or cement used to stop a hole, make a joint airtight, coat a crucible, protect a graft, etc. (保护嫁接植物等的)封泥 2  a rubber seal for a jar etc. (罐子等使用的)橡胶封垫 ●v. tr.  apply lute to 用封泥封 [Middle English via Old French lut from Latin lutum ‘mud, clay’]

lutecium var.  of LUTETIUM  LUTETIUM 的变体

lutein /ˈlu:tiin, ˈlju:-/ n. Chem.  a pigment of a deep yellow colour found in egg yolk etc. 【化】(蛋黄等中的)黄体素，叶黄素 [Latin luteum ‘yolk of egg’, neut. of luteus ‘yellow’]

luteinizing hormone /ˈlu:tənaiziŋ, ˈlju:-/ n. Biochem.  a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that in females stimulates ovulation and in males stimulates the synthesis of androgen (abbr. 缩略 : LH) 【生化】黄体化激素 [LUTEIN]

lutenist /ˈlu:t(ə)nist, ˈlju:-/ n. (also 亦作 lutanist)  a lute-player 诗琴演奏者 [medieval Latin lutanista from lutana LUTE1]

luteo- /ˈlu:tiəʊ, ˈlju:-/ comb. form  orange-coloured [构词成分]橘黄色的 [as LUTEOUS + -O-]

luteofulvous /ˌlu:tiəʊˈfʌlvəs, ˌlju:-/ adj.  orange-tawny 橙褐色的

luteous /ˈlu:tiəs, ˈlju:-/ adj.  of a deep orange-yellow or greenish yellow 深橘黄色的；黄绿色的 [Latin luteus from lutum WELD2]

lutestring /ˈlu:tstriŋ, ˈlju:-/ n. archaic  a glossy silk fabric [古义]丝光织物 [apparently from lustring, from French lustrine or Italian lustrino from lustro LUSTRE1]

lutetium /lu:ˈti:ʃiəm, -siəm, lju:-/ n. (also 亦作 lutecium) Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series (symbol 符 Lu) 【化】(化学元素)镥 [French lutécium from Latin Lutetia the ancient name of Paris, France, the home of its discoveror]

Lutheran /ˈlu:θ(ə)r(ə)n, ˈlju:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a follower of Martin Luther, German religious reformer d. 1546 马丁·路德的信徒(德国宗教改革者马丁·路德死于 1546 年) 2  a member of the Church which accepts the Augsburg confession of 1530, with justification by faith alone as a cardinal doctrine 接受 1530 年奥格斯堡信纲为基本教义的教徒 ●adj.  of or characterized by the theology of Martin Luther 马丁·路德教的；具有马丁·路德宗教特征的 □ Lutheranism  n.  □ Lutheranize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

luthier /ˈlu:tiə, ˈlju:-/ n.  a maker of stringed instruments, esp. those of the violin family 弦乐器制作者(尤指提琴乐器制作者) [French from luth LUTE1]

Lutine Bell /ˈlu:ti:n/ n.  a bell kept at Lloyd's in London and rung whenever there is an important announcement to be made to the underwriters (伦敦劳埃德保险社的)卢廷大钟(每当有重要事情时敲此钟) [HMS Lutine, which sank in 1799, whose bell it was]

luting /ˈlu:tiŋ, ˈlju:-/ n.  = LUTE2n. 1 

lutz /lʊts/ n. Sport  a jump in skating from the backward outside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with a full turn in the air 【运动】后外钩点冰一周跳 [probably from the name of Gustave Lussi (b. 1898), who invented it]

luvvy /ˈlʌvi/ n. (also 亦作 luvvie) (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (as a form of address 作称呼)  = LOVEY  2  an actor or actress, esp. one who is particularly effusive or affected 感情外露的演员(尤指演技做作)

lux /lʌks/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Physics  the SI unit of illumination, equivalent to one lumen per square metre (abbr. 缩略 : lx) 【物理学】勒克斯(每平方米 1 流明) [Latin lux lucis ‘light’]

luxe /lʌks, lʊks/ n.  luxury (cf. 参见 DE LUXE) 奢侈，豪华 [French from Latin luxus ‘abundance’]

Luxembourg   卢森堡

Luxembourger /ˈlʌks(ə)mbɜ:ɡə/ n.  1  a native or national of Luxembourg 卢森堡人，卢森堡国民 2  a person of Luxembourg descent 卢森堡人后裔

Luxemburg /ˈlʌksəmbɜ:g/ n.  卢森堡 [欧洲]

Luxemburger /ˈlʌksəmbɜ:gə(r)/ n.  卢森堡人

luxuriant /lʌɡˈʒʊəriənt, lʌɡˈzjʊə-, lʌkˈsjʊə-/ adj.  1 (of vegetation etc.) lush; profuse in growth (植物等)郁郁葱葱的；茂密的 2  prolific, exuberant, rank 多产的；茂盛的；过于丰富的  luxuriant imagination  丰富的想像力 3 (of literary or artistic style) florid; richly ornate (文学、艺术风格)华丽的；过于修饰的 □ luxuriance  n.  □ luxuriantly  adv.   [Latin luxuriare ‘grow rank’ from luxuria LUXURY]■Usage 用法说明 Luxuriant, meaning ‘growing profusely, exuberant’ is sometimes confused with luxurious, the adjective relating to luxury. luxuriant 意思是“生长茂密的，茂盛的”，有时候人们会把它与 luxurious 搞混，形容词 luxurious 与 luxury 有关。 

luxuriate /lʌɡˈʒʊərieit, lʌɡˈzjʊə-, lʌkˈsjʊə-/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in)  take self-indulgent delight in; enjoy in a luxurious manner 纵情享受；过奢侈的生活 2  take one's ease; relax in comfort 迷恋于享受之中；沉湎于奢侈生活

luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs, lʌɡˈzjʊə-, lʌkˈsjʊə-/ adj.  1  supplied with luxuries; characterized by luxury 奢华的；豪华的 2  extremely comfortable 过分舒适的，奢侈的 3  self-indulgent, voluptuous 纵欲的，骄奢淫逸的 □ luxuriously  adv.  □ luxuriousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French luxurios from Latin luxuriosus (as LUXURY)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at LUXURIANT. 见 LUXURIANT 的用法说明。 

luxury /ˈlʌkʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  choice or costly surroundings, possessions, food, etc.; luxuriousness 精美物品，幽雅的环境(豪华的设施，珍贵的食品等)；豪华，奢侈  a life of luxury  奢侈的生活 2  something desirable for comfort or enjoyment, but not indispensable 理想而非必要的东西，奢侈品 3 (作 attrib.)  providing great comfort; expensive 提供享受的；昂贵的  a luxury flat  豪华公寓 a luxury holiday  过得很舒服的假期 [Middle English via Old French luxurie, luxure from Latin luxuria, from luxus ‘abundance’]

Luzon /lu:ˈzɒn/ n.  吕宋岛 [菲律宾]

LV abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  luncheon voucher 

Lw symb. Chem.  former symbol for the element lawrencium (now Lr) [符]【化】(化学元素)铹(符号现改为 Lr)

LWM abbr. [缩略]  low water mark 

lx abbr. [缩略] lux 

LXX symb.  Septuagint [符]七十子希腊文本圣经 [Roman numeral for 70]

-ly1 /li/ suffix forming adjectives esp. from nouns, meaning (尤指由名词)构成形容词，表示 :  1  having the qualities of (princely 似王公贵族的 ; manly 具男子气的) 有…性质的 2  recurring at intervals of (daily 每天的 ; hourly 每小时的) 间断性发生的 [from or suggested by Old English -lic from Germanic: related to LIKE1]

-ly2 /li/ suffix  forming adverbs from adjectives, denoting esp. manner or degree (boldly 鲁莽地 ; happily 高兴地 ; miserably 悲惨地 ; deservedly 理应地 ; amusingly 有趣地) (由形容词)构成副词，尤表示“方式”或“程度” [from or suggested by Old English -līce from Germanic (as -LY1)]

lycanthrope /ˈlaik(ə)nθrəʊp/ n.  1  a werewolf 变成狼的人，狼人 2  a person suffering from lycanthropy 变狼狂患者 [modern Latin lycanthropus from Greek (as LYCANTHROPY)]

lycanthropy /laiˈkænθrəpi/ n.  1  the mythical transformation of a person into a wolf (cf. 参见 WEREWOLF) 把人变成狼的法术 2  a form of madness involving the delusion of being usu. a wolf, with changed appetites, voice, etc. 变狼狂症(通常指嗜好、声音等方面) [modern Latin lycanthropia from Greek lukanthrōpia, from lukos ‘wolf’ + anthrōpos ‘man’]

Lyceum /laiˈsi:əm/ n.  1  a  the garden at Athens in which Aristotle taught philosophy (亚里斯多德教授哲学的)吕刻昂学园(位于雅典)b  Aristotelian philosophy and its followers 亚里斯多德派哲学(及其追随者) 2 (lyceum) US hist.  a literary institution, lecture hall, or teaching place [美史义]文学社团；演讲厅，教学场所 [Latin from Greek Lukeion, neut. of Lukeios, epithet of Apollo (from whose neighbouring temple the Lyceum was named)]

lychee /ˈlaitʃi:, ˈli-/ n. (also litchi, lichee)  1  a sweet fleshy fruit with a thin spiny skin 荔枝 2  the tree, Nephelium litchi, originally from China, bearing this 荔枝树 [Chinese lizhi]

lych-gate var.  of LICH-GATE  LICH-GATE 的变体

lychnis /ˈliknis/ n.  any herbaceous plant of the genus Lychnis, including ragged robin 剪秋罗属植物(包括布谷鸟剪秋罗) [Latin from Greek lukhnis, a red flower, from lukhnos ‘lamp’]

lycopod /ˈlaikəpɒd/ n.  any of various clubmosses, esp. of the genus Lycopodium 石松属植物 [Anglicized form of LYCOPODIUM]

lycopodium /laikəˈpəʊdiəm/ n.  1  = LYCOPOD  2  a fine powder of spores from this, used as an absorbent in surgery, and in making fireworks etc. 石松粉(用于外科手术，可制烟火等) [modern Latin, from Greek lukos ‘wolf’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

Lycra /ˈlaikrə/ n. propr.  an elastic polyurethane fibre or fabric used esp. for close-fitting sports clothing [商标]莱卡(弹性聚氨脂化纤，尤用于运动衣)

lycée /ˈli:sei, 法 lise/ n. (pl. lycées)  a state secondary school in France (法国)国立中学 [French from Latin (as LYCEUM)]

Lydia /ˈlidiə/   莉迪亚 [人名]

Lydian /ˈlidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of ancient Lydia in western Asia Minor (小亚细亚西部古国的)吕底亚人；吕底亚居民 2  the language of the Lydians 吕底亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to the people of Lydia or their language (有关)吕底亚人的；(有关)吕底亚语的 [Latin Lydius from Greek Ludios ‘of Lydia’]

Lydian mode n. Mus.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale F － F 【音】利第亚调式(为自然音阶 F － F)

lye /lai/ n.  1  water that has been made alkaline by lixiviation of vegetable ashes 灰汁 2  any strong alkaline solution, esp. of potassium hydroxide used for washing or cleansing (尤指氢氧化钾)碱液 [Old English lēag from Germanic: related to LATHER]

lying1 /ˈlaiiŋ/ pres. part.  of LIE1   ● n.  a place to lie 躺下的地方  a dry lying  干燥的睡处

lying2 /ˈlaiiŋ/ pres. part.  of LIE2   ● adj.  deceitful, false 说谎的，假的 □ lyingly  adv.  

lying-in-state n.  the display of the corpse of a public figure for public tribute before burial or cremation (知名人士)遗体葬前供公众瞻仰

lyke wake /ˈlaik weik/ n. Brit.  a night watch over a dead body [英]在遗体旁守夜 [Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse: cf. LICH-GATE, WAKE1]

Lyme disease /laim/ n.  a form of arthritis caused by spirochaete bacteria transmitted by ticks 莱姆病(由蜱传播螺旋菌所引起的关节炎) [Lyme, a town in Connecticut, US, where an outbreak occurred]

lymph /limf/ n.  1 Physiol.  a colourless fluid containing white blood cells, drained from the tissues and conveyed through the body in the lymphatic system 【生理】淋巴液(无色液体，源自体组织，内含白细胞，通过淋巴系统流向全身) 2  this fluid used as a vaccine 浆(可用作痘苗或疫苗) 3  exudation from a sore etc. (伤处等的)渗出液 4 poet.  pure water [诗]清水 □ lymphoid  adj.  □ lymphous  adj.   [French lymphe or Latin lympha, limpa ‘water’]

lymphatic /limˈfætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or secreting or conveying lymph 淋巴的；分泌淋巴液的；输送淋巴液的 2 (of a person) pale, flabby, or sluggish (人)苍白的，软弱无力的，萎糜的 ●n.  a veinlike vessel conveying lymph 淋巴管 [originally = frenzied, from Latin lymphaticus ‘mad’ from Greek numpholēptos ‘seized by nymphs’: now associated with LYMPH (on the analogy of spermatic etc.)]

lymphatic system n.  a network of vessels conveying lymph 淋巴系统

lymph gland n. (also 亦作 lymph node)  a small mass of tissue in the lymphatic system where lymph is purified and lymphocytes are formed 淋巴腺(结)

lymphocyte /ˈlimfə(ʊ)sait/ n.  a form of leucocyte occurring in the blood, in lymph, etc. (出现在血液、淋巴液中的)淋巴球，淋巴细胞 □ lymphocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  

lymphoma /limˈfəʊmə/ n. (pl. lymphomas, lymphomata /-mətə/)  any malignant tumour of the lymph nodes, excluding leukaemia (除白血病以外的)淋巴癌

lyncean /linˈsi:ən/ adj.  lynx-eyed, keen-sighted 山猫眼似的，目光犀利的 [Latin lynceus from Greek lugkeios, from lugx LYNX]

lynch /lin(t)ʃ/ v. tr. (of a body of people) put (a person) to death, esp. by hanging, for an alleged offence without a legal trial (一群人)私自处(人)死刑(尤指绞刑) □ lyncher  n.  □ lynching  n.   [Lynch's law, named after Capt. W. Lynch, head of a self-constituted judicial tribunal in Virginia c. 1780]

lynchet /ˈlin(t)ʃit/ n. (in the UK) a ridge or ledge formed by ancient ploughing on a slope (英国)梯田崖 [linch from Old English hlinc: cf. LINKS]

lynch law n.  the procedure of a self-constituted illegal court that punishes or executes 私刑

lynchpin var.  of LINCHPIN  LINCHPIN 的变体

Lyn(n) /lin/   林恩 [人名]

lynx /liŋks/ n.  1  a medium-sized cat, Felis lynx, with short tail, spotted fur, and tufted ear-tips 猞猁，山猫(中等体型的猫科动物，尾短，皮毛有斑点，耳上长丛毛) 2  its fur 猞猁毛皮 [Middle English via Latin from Greek lugx]

lynx-eyed adj.  keen-sighted 目光犀利的

Lyon /ˈlaiən/ n. (in full 全称 Lord Lyon or Lyon King of Arms)  the chief herald of Scotland (苏格兰)司纹章大臣 [archaic formation of LION: named from the lion on the royal shield]

Lyon Court n.  the court over which the chief herald of Scotland presides (苏格兰)纹章院

lyophilic /laiə(ʊ)ˈfilik/ adj. (of a colloid) readily dispersed by a solvent (胶体)亲液的 [Greek luō ‘loosen, dissolve’ + philos ‘loving’]

lyophilize /laiˈɒfilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  freeze-dry 使冻干 [as LYOPHILIC]

lyophobic /laiə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbik/ adj. (of a colloid) not lyophilic (胶体)疏液的 [Greek luō ‘loosen, dissolve’ + -PHOBIC (see -PHOBIA)]

lyrate /ˈlaireit/ adj. Biol.  lyre-shaped 【生】竖琴形的

lyre /laiə/ n. Gk Antiq.  an ancient stringed instrument like a small U-shaped harp, played usu. with a plectrum and accompanying the voice [古希腊]里拉琴(古弦乐器，似 U 形小竖琴) [Middle English via Old French lire and Latin lyra from Greek lura]

lyre-bird n.  any Australian bird of the family Menuridae, the male of which has a lyre-shaped tail (澳大利亚)琴鸟

lyre-flower n.  = BLEEDING HEART 2 

lyric /ˈlirik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of poetry) expressing the writer's emotions, usu. briefly and in stanzas or recognized forms (诗)抒情的(通常简明、合节拍) 2 (of a poet) writing in this manner (诗人)写抒情诗的 3  of or for the lyre (希腊)里拉琴的；为(希腊)里拉琴而作的 4  meant to be sung, fit to be expressed in song, songlike 用歌表达的；适宜于歌唱的；像诗歌的  lyric drama  歌剧 lyric opera  抒情歌剧 ●n.  1  a lyric poem or verse 抒情诗；抒情韵文 2 (in pl. 用复数)  lyric verses 抒情词句 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the words of a song 歌词 [French lyrique or Latin lyricus from Greek lurikos (as LYRE)]

lyrical /ˈlirik(ə)l/ adj.  1  = LYRIC 1, 2  2  resembling, couched in, or using language appropriate to, lyric poetry 像抒情诗的；用抒情表达的；用诗歌般语言的 3 colloq.  highly enthusiastic [口]感情丰富的，热情奔放的  wax lyrical about  对…诗情大增 □ lyrically  adv.  

lyricism /ˈlirisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the character or quality of being lyric or lyrical 抒情(性)，抒情体，抒情风格 2  a lyrical expression 抒情表达方式 3  high-flown sentiments 高涨的热情，奔放的情绪

lyricist /ˈlirisist/ n.  a person who writes the words to a song 歌词作者，诗歌作家

lyrist n.  1 /ˈlaiərist/  a person who plays the lyre 里拉琴演奏者 2 /ˈlirist/  a lyric poet 抒情诗人 [Latin lyrista from Greek luristēs, from lura ‘lyre’]

lyse /laiz/ v. tr. & intr. Biol.  bring about or undergo lysis 【生】(使)分解；(使)溶解 [back-formation from LYSIS]

lysergic acid /laiˈsɜ:dʒik/ n.  a crystalline acid extracted from ergot or prepared synthetically 麦角酸 [hydrolysis + ergot + -IC]

lysergic acid diethylamide /daiəˈθailəmaid, daiˌi:θailˈeimaid/ n.  a powerful hallucinogenic drug (abbr. 缩略 : LSD) 麦角酸酰二乙胺(强致幻药)

lysin /ˈlaisin/ n. Biol.  a substance, esp. an antibody, able to cause lysis of cells esp. bacteria 【生】细胞溶素 [German Lysine]

lysine /ˈlaisi:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid present in protein and essential in the diet of vertebrates 【生化】赖氨酸 [German Lysin, ultimately from LYSIS]

lysis /ˈlaisis/ n. (pl. lyses /-si:z/) Biol.  the disintegration of a cell 【生】(细胞)溶解 [Latin from Greek lusis ‘loosening’, from luō ‘loosen’]

-lysis /lisis/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting disintegration or decomposition (electrolysis 电解 ; haemolysis 溶血) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“溶解”，“分解”

Lysol /ˈlaisɒl/ n. propr.  a mixture of cresols and soft soap, used as a disinfectant [商标]来苏儿(消毒剂) [LYSIS + -OL2]

lysosome /ˈlaisəsəʊm/ n. Biol.  a cytoplasmic organelle in eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane 【生】溶酶体 [LYSIS + -SOME3]

lysozyme /ˈlaisəzaim/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme found in tears and egg white which catalyses the destruction of cell walls of certain bacteria 【生化】溶菌酶 [LYSIS + ENZYME]

lytic /ˈlitik/ adj.  of, relating to, or causing lysis (有关)细胞溶素的；产生溶胞作用的

-lytic /ˈlitik/ comb. form  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -lysis [构词成分]构成以 -lysis 结尾名词的相应形容词 [Greek lutikos (as LYSIS)]

Lɑ¨nder pl.  of LAND  

lɑ¨ndler /ˈlendlə/ n.  1  an Austrian dance in triple time, a precursor of the waltz 兰德勒舞(奥地利三拍舞，华尔兹舞的前身) 2  the music for a lɑ¨ndler 兰德勒舞曲 [German from Landl ‘Upper Austria’]

'm1 abbr. colloq. [缩略] [口]  am  I'm sorry  对不起 

'm2 n. colloq.  madam (in yes'm etc.) [口]夫人，太太(用于 yes'm 等表达法中)

M1 /em/ n. (also 亦作 m) (pl. Ms or M's)  1  the thirteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 13 个字母 2 (as a Roman numeral) 1,000 (作为罗马数字)1,000 3 Printing  em 【印刷】(西文铅字)全身

M2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 M.)  1  Monsieur  2 (in the UK in road designations) motorway (英国路标)高速公路 3 Chem. 【化】  molar 

M3 symb. [符]  mega- 

m1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 m.)  1  a  masculine b  male  2  married  3 Cricket  maiden (over) 【板球】(交换投球前)未得分的 (6 次或 8 次)投球 4  mile(s)  5  million(s)  6  minute(s)  7  mare 

m2 symb. [符]  1  metre(s)  2  milli-  3 Physics  mass 【物理学】质量

m' adj.  = MY(m'lud) 

MA abbr. [缩略]  1  Master of Arts 文学硕士 2 US  Massachusetts (in official postal use) [美]马萨诸塞州(正式邮政用语)

ma /mɑ:/ n. colloq. [口]  mother  [abbreviation of MAMMA1]

ma'am /mɑ:m, mæm, məm/ n.  madam (used esp. in addressing royalty) 夫人，太太(尤用于对王族贵妇的尊称) [contraction]

Mabel /ˈmeibəl/   梅布尔 [人名]

Mac /mæk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a Scotsman 苏格兰男人 2 N. Amer.  a form of address to a male stranger [北美]老兄，老弟(对陌生男子的称呼) [Mac- as a patronymic prefix in many Scottish and Irish surnames]

mac /mæk/ n. (also 亦作 mack) Brit. colloq.  mackintosh [英口]雨衣 [abbreviation]

macabre /məˈkɑ:br(ə)/ adj.  grim, gruesome 可怕的，恐怖的，令人毛骨悚然的 [Middle English from Old French macabré, perhaps from Macabé a Maccabee, with reference to a miracle play showing the slaughter of the Maccabees]

macadam /məˈkædəm/ n.  1  material for road-making with successive layers of compacted broken stone (铺路用的)碎石 2  = TARMACADAM  □ macadamize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [named after J. L. McAdam, British surveyor (d. 1836), who advocated using this material]

macadamia /mækəˈdeimiə/ n.  any Australian evergreen tree of the genus Macadamia, esp. M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla, bearing edible nutlike seeds 澳洲坚果树 [named after J. Macadam, Australian chemist d. 1865]

Macao /məˈkau/ n.  澳门 [中国]

macaque /məˈkɑ:k, -ˈkæk/ n.  a medium-sized monkey of the Old World genus Macaca, including the rhesus monkey and Barbary ape and typically having a rather long face with cheek pouches 恒河猴，猕猴，叟猴 [French via Portuguese macaco from Bantu makaku ‘some monkeys’, from kaku ‘monkey’]

macaroni /mækəˈrəʊni/ n.  1  a tubular variety of pasta (意大利)通心粉 2 (pl. macaronies) hist.  an 18th-c. British dandy affecting Continental fashions [史义] (18 世纪仿效欧洲大陆时尚的)英国时髦男子 [Italian maccaroni from late Greek makaria ‘food made from barley’]

macaronic /mækəˈrɒnik/ n. & adj. ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  burlesque verses containing Latin (or other foreign) words and vernacular words with Latin etc. terminations 滑稽诗(含拉丁词或其他外语词；) 拉丁语(或拉丁化语)与本国语混合的诗 ●adj. (of verse) of this kind (诗)滑稽的，混合体的 [earlier = of the nature of a jumble or medley: modern Latin macaronicus from obsolete Italian macaronico, jocularly formed as MACARONI]

macaroon /mækəˈru:n/ n.  a small light cake or biscuit made with white of egg, sugar, and ground almonds or coconut 蛋白杏仁(椰子)小甜饼(或饼干) [French macaron from Italian (as MACARONI)]

Macassar /məˈkæsə/ n. (in full 全称 Macassar oil)  a kind of oil formerly used as a dressing for the hair 望加锡头(发)油 [Macassar, now in Indonesia, from where its ingredients were said to come]

macaw /məˈkɔ:/ n.  any long-tailed brightly coloured parrot of the genus Ara or Anodorhynchus, native to S. and Central America 金刚鹦鹉(产于美洲南部及中部的长尾、色彩艳丽的鹦鹉) [Portuguese macao, of unknown origin]

Macc. abbr.  Maccabees (Apocrypha) [缩略]马加比书(次经)

Maccabees /ˈmækəbi:z/ n. pl. (in full 全称 Books of the Maccabees)  four books of Jewish history and theology, of which the first and second are in the Apocrypha 马加比书(有关犹太历史及神学的 4 卷本，其中的 1 、 2 卷属于次经) □ Maccabean  /-ˈbi:ən/ adj.   [the name of a Jewish family that led a revolt c. 170 BC under Judas Maccabaeus]

Mace /meis/ n. & v. ●n.  an aerosol used to immobolize an assailant temporarily 梅斯催泪毒气(使受袭击者一时无法活动) ●v. tr. (also 亦作 mace)  spray with Mace 用梅斯催泪毒气喷射

mace1 /meis/ n.  1  a staff of office, esp. the symbol of the Speaker's authority in the House of Commons 权杖(尤指英国下议院院长权标) 2 hist.  a heavy club usu. having a metal head and spikes [史义]狼牙棒，钉头锤 3  a stick used in the game of bagatelle (用来击巴格代拉桌球的)平头杆 4  = MACE-BEARER  [Middle English via Old French mace, masse (modern masse ‘large hammer’) from Romanic]

mace2 /meis/ n.  the dried outer covering of the nutmeg, used as a spice 肉豆蔻干皮(一种香料) [Middle English macis (taken as pl.) via Old French macis from Latin macir, a red spicy bark]

mace-bearer n.  an official who carries a mace on ceremonial occasions 持权杖者

Macedonia   马其顿

macer /ˈmeisə/ n.  a mace-bearer, esp. Sc. an official keeping order in a law court 持权杖者(尤指苏格兰法庭司务) [Middle English from Old French massier, from masse: see MACE1]

macerate /ˈmæsəreit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become soft by soaking (使)浸软 2 intr.  waste away by fasting (因禁食而)饿瘦 □ maceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ macerator  n.   [Latin macerare macerat-]

Mach /mɑ:k, mæk/ n. (in full 全称 Mach number)  the ratio of the speed of a body to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium; often as Mach 1, 2, etc., indicating the speed of sound, twice the speed of sound, etc. 马赫(马赫数) (物体移动的速度与音速之比：马赫 1 为 1 倍音速，马赫 2 为 2 倍音速，等等) [named after E. Mach, Austrian physicist d. 1916]

machete /məˈtʃeti, -ˈʃeti/ n. (also 亦作 matchet /ˈmætʃit/)  a broad heavy knife used esp. in Central America and the W. Indies as an implement and weapon (中美洲和西印度群岛人用的)大砍刀 [Spanish from macho ‘hammer’, from Late Latin marcus]

machiavellian /ˌmækiəˈveliən/ adj.  elaborately cunning; scheming, unscrupulous 诡计多端的，惯耍阴谋的，奸诈的 □ machiavellianism  n.   [from the name of N. dei Machiavelli, Florentine statesman and political writer (d. 1527), who advocated resort to morally questionable methods in the interests of the state]

machicolate /məˈtʃikəleit/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 machicolated adj.)  furnish (a parapet etc.) with openings between supporting corbels for dropping stones etc. on attackers 在(胸墙等上)开堞眼(或枪眼) □ machicolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  堞眼，枪眼 [Old French machicoler, ultimately from Provençal machacol, from macar ‘crush’ + col ‘neck’]

machinable /məˈʃi:nəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being cut by machine tools 可用机床加工的 □ machinability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

machinate /ˈmækineit, ˈmæʃ-/ v. intr.  lay plots; intrigue 图谋，策划 □ machination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ machinator  n.   [Latin machinari ‘contrive’ (as MACHINE)]

machine /məˈʃi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus using or applying mechanical power, having several parts each with a definite function and together performing certain kinds of work 机器，机械装置 2  a particular kind of machine, esp. a vehicle, a piece of electrical or electronic apparatus, etc. 特殊机器(尤指机动车辆、电气、电子设备等) 3  an instrument that transmits a force or directs its application 机动器械 4  the controlling system of an organization etc. (组织等的)核心，领导集团  the party machine  党的核心组织 5  a person who acts mechanically and with apparent lack of emotion 机械般行动的人，呆板的人 6 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a coin-operated dispenser 投币自动售货机  cigarette machine  (投币)自动售烟机 ●v. tr.  make or operate on with a machine (esp. in sewing or manufacturing) 用机器加工；用机械制造(尤指缝制或制造业) [French via Latin machina from Greek makhana, Doric form of mēkhanē, from mēkhos ‘contrivance’]

machine code n. (also 亦作 machine language)  a computer language that a particular computer can respond to directly 机器语言，计算机语言

machine-gun n. & v. ●n.  an automatic gun giving continuous fire 机关枪 ●v. tr. (-gunned, -gunning)  shoot at with a machine-gun 用机关枪扫射 □ machine-gunner  n.  

machine-minder n.  a person whose job is to attend to a machine 机器操作工

machine-readable adj. (of data, text, etc.) in a form that a computer can process (数据、文本等)机器可读的

machinery /məˈʃi:n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  machines collectively (总称)机器，机械 2  the components of a machine; a mechanism 机器的运转部分，机械装置 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an organized system 团体，机构，系统 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  the means devised or available 方法，工具  the machinery for decision-making  决策机制

machine tool n.  a mechanically operated tool for working on metal, wood, or plastics 机床，工作母机 □ machine-tooled  adj.  用机床生产的，自动化生产的

machine translation n.  translation carried out by a computer 机器翻译，计算机翻译

machine-washable adj.  able to be washed in a washing machine without damage 可用洗衣机洗涤的

machinist /məˈʃi:nist/ n.  1  a person who operates a machine, esp. a machine tool or Brit. a sewing machine 机工(尤指机械师)；[英]缝纫机工 2  a person who makes machinery 机器制造者

machismo /məˈtʃizməʊ, -ˈkiz-/ n.  exaggeratedly assertive manliness; a show of masculinity 大男子气概，男子汉的自信，男子汉的高傲 [Spanish from macho MALE, from Latin masculus]

Machmeter /ˈmɑ:kmi:tə, ˈmæk-/ n.  an instrument indicating air speed in the form of a Mach number 马赫表，马赫计， M 表

Mach number  see 见 MACH 

macho /ˈmætʃəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  showily manly or virile 雄壮的；强壮男子的；男子气概的 ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a macho man 强壮男子 2  = MACHISMO  [MACHISMO]

Machtpolitik /ˈmɑ:xtpɒliˌti:k, 德 ˈmaxtpoliti:k/ n.  power politics 强权政治，霸权政治 [German]

macintosh var.  of MACKINTOSH  MACKINTOSH 的变体

mack var.  of MAC  MAC 的变体

mackerel /ˈmæk(ə)r(ə)l/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or mackerels)  a N. Atlantic marine fish, Scomber scombrus, with a greenish-blue body, used for food (北大西洋产的)鲭鱼，鲐鱼 [Middle English from Anglo-French makerel, Old French maquerel]

mackerel shark n.  a porbeagle 鼠鲨

mackerel sky n.  a sky dappled with rows of small white fleecy clouds, like the pattern on a mackerel's back 鱼鳞状云天

mackintosh /ˈmækintɒʃ/ n. (also 亦作 macintosh)  1 Brit.  a waterproof coat or cloak [英]雨衣；斗篷式雨衣 2  cloth waterproofed with rubber 防水胶布 [named after C. Macintosh, Scots inventor (d. 1843), who originally patented the cloth]

mackle /ˈmæk(ə)l/ n.  a blurred impression in printing 模糊的印件，有重影的印件 [French macule from Latin macula ‘blemish’: see MACULA]

macle /ˈmæk(ə)l/ n.  1  a twin crystal 双晶 2  a dark spot in a mineral 矿物中的黑(暗)斑 [French from Latin (as MACKLE)]

macramé /məˈkrɑ:mi/ n.  1  the art of knotting cord or string in patterns to make decorative articles 装饰结编结术 2  articles made in this way 流苏，花边 [French via Turkish makrama ‘bedspread’ from Arabic mikrama]

macro /ˈmækrəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 macro-instruction) Computing  a single instruction that expands automatically into a set of instructions to perform a particular task 【计算】宏指令(一个指令能扩展成机器语言中的几个指令)

macro- /ˈmækrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  long 长 2  large; large-scale 大；大规模 [Greek makro- from makros ‘long, large’]

macrobiotic /ˌmækrə(ʊ)baiˈɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to or following a diet intended to prolong life, comprising pure vegetable foods, brown rice, etc. (吃素、吃糙米等)长寿饮食的；遵循长寿饮食法的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 ; treated as sing. 看作单数)  the use or theory of such a dietary system 长寿饮食法，长寿饮食学

macrocarpa /mækrə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:pə/ n.  an evergreen tree, Cupressus macrocarpa, often cultivated for hedges or windbreaks 大果柏(常青树，作绿篱或防风) [modern Latin, from Greek MACRO- + karpos ‘fruit’]

macrocephalic /ˌmækrə(ʊ)siˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. (also 亦作 macrocephalous /-ˈsef(ə)ləs/)  having a long or large head 巨头的，畸形大头的 □ macrocephaly  /-ˈsef(ə)li/ n.  

macrocosm /ˈmækrə(ʊ)kɒz(ə)m/ n.  1  the universe 宇宙，宏观世界 2  the whole of a complex structure (复杂结构的)整体 □ macrocosmic  /-ˈkɒzmik/ adj.  □ macrocosmically  /-ˈkɒzmik(ə)li/ adv.  整体地，宏观(世界)地

macroeconomics /ˌmækrəʊi:kəˈnɒmiks, -ek-/ n.  the study of large-scale or general economic factors, e.g. national productivity 宏观经济学，大(总体)经济学(如对国民生产力的研究) □ macroeconomic  adj.  

macroevolution /ˌmækrəʊi:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, -ˈlju:ʃ-, -ev-/ n. Biol.  major evolutionary change, esp. over a long period 【生】(尤指长时期的)宏观进化 □ macroevolutionary  adj.  

macrolepidoptera /ˌmækrəʊlepiˈdɒpt(ə)rə/ n. pl.  butterflies and moths of interest not only to specialist entomologists, mainly the larger kinds Cf. 参见 MICROLEPIDOPTERA 大型鳞翅昆虫(蝶、蛾之类) [MACRO- + modern Latin Lepidoptera: see LEPIDOPTEROUS]■Usage 用法说明 The term macrolepidoptera is not used in formal classification. 术语 macrolepidoptera 不用于正式的分类法中。 

macromolecule /mækrə(ʊ)ˈmɒlikju:l/ n. Biochem.  a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, e.g. a protein or a nucleic acid 【生化】大分子，高分子，巨分子(如蛋白质、核酸) □ macromolecular  /-məˈlekjʊlə/ adj.  

macron /ˈmækrɒn/ n.  a written or printed mark (-) over a long or stressed vowel (加在元音上的)长音(或重读音)符号“ - ” [Greek makron, neut. of makros ‘large’]

macronutrient /mækrəʊˈnju:triənt/ n.  a chemical required in relatively large amounts for the growth and development of living organisms 大量化学养料

macrophage /ˈmækrə(ʊ)feidʒ/ n.  a large phagocytic white blood cell usu. occurring at points of infection 巨噬细胞(通常出现在感染处)

macrophotography /ˌmækrə(ʊ)fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  photography producing photographs larger than life 宏观摄影，低倍摄影，超近摄影

macropod /ˈmækrə(ʊ)pɒd/ n.  a plant-eating marsupial mammal of the family Macropodidae native to Australia and New Guinea, including kangaroos and wallabies (食植物的)袋鼠科动物(产于澳大利亚及新几内亚，如袋鼠及沙袋鼠) [MACRO- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

macroscopic /mækrə(ʊ)ˈskɒpik/ adj.  1  visible to the naked eye 肉眼可见的 2  regarded in terms of large units 宏观的 □ macroscopically  adv.  

macula /ˈmækjʊlə/ n. (pl. maculae /-li:/)  1  a dark spot, esp. a permanent one, in the skin (尤指长期在皮肤上的)色斑 2 (in full 全称 macula lutea /ˈlu:tiə/)  the region of greatest visual acuity in the retina (视网膜的)黄斑 □ macular  adj.  □ maculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin, = spot, mesh]

macédoine /ˈmæsidwɑ:n/ n.  mixed vegetables or fruit, esp. cut up small or in jelly (尤指切成小块或羹状的)凉拌什锦蔬菜，凉拌什锦水果 [French, = Macedonia, with reference to the mixture of peoples there]

mad /mæd/ adj. & v. ●adj. (madder, maddest)  1  insane; having a disordered mind 疯的，神经错乱的 2 (of a person, conduct, or an idea) wildly foolish (人、行为或思想)愚蠢的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 about or Brit. [英] on)  wildly excited or infatuated 狂热的；入迷的  mad about football  狂热地爱好足球 is chess-mad  着迷于国际象棋 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, with) colloq.  angry [口]异常愤怒的，十分恼火的 5 (of an animal) rabid (动物)异常狂暴的 6  wildly light-hearted 极快乐的 ●v. intr. (madded, madding) archaic  be mad; act madly [古义]发疯，发狂  the madding crowd  疯狂的人群 □ like mad  colloq.  with great energy, intensity, or enthusiasm [口]猛烈的，拼命的，极快乐的□ mad keen  colloq.  extremely eager [口]渴望之极，对…极感兴趣□ madness  n.   [Old English gemœˉded, participial form related to gemɑˉd ‘mad’]

Madagascan /ˌmædəˈgæskən/ adj. & n.  马达加斯加的(人)

Madagascar   马达加斯加

madam /ˈmædəm/ n.  1  a polite or respectful form of address or mode of reference to a woman (对妇女的尊称)夫人，女士，太太，小姐 2 Brit. colloq.  a conceited or precocious girl or young woman [英口]自负(或早熟)的姑娘(或年轻女子) 3  a woman brothel-keeper (妓院的)鸨母 [Middle English from Old French ma dame ‘my lady’]

Madame /məˈdɑ:m, ˈmædəm/ n.  1 (pl. Mesdames /meiˈdɑ:m, -ˈdæm/)  a title or form of address used of or to a French-speaking woman, corresponding to Mrs or madam (对讲法语的女性的称呼)夫人，太太，女士(相当于英语中的 Mrs 或 madam) 2 (作 madame)  = MADAM 1  [French (as MADAM)]

madcap /ˈmædkæp/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wildly impulsive 鲁莽的 2  undertaken without forethought 冲动的 ●n.  a wildly impulsive person 鲁莽的人

mad cow disease n. colloq. [口]  = BSE 

madden /ˈmæd(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become mad (使)发疯，(使)发狂 2 tr.  irritate intensely 使恼怒，使发火 □ maddening  adj.  □ maddeningly  adv.  

madder /ˈmædə/ n.  1  a herbaceous plant, Rubia tinctorum, with yellowish flowers (开黄花的)茜草属植物 2  a red dye obtained from the root of the madder, or its synthetic substitute (用茜草根制成的)红色染料；茜素 [Old English mœdere]

made /meid/ past and past part. of MAKE  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1 (of a person or thing) built or formed (人或物)…制造的，…构成的  well-made  制作出色的 strongly-made  制作牢固的 2  successful 成功的  a self-made man  成功的自我奋斗者 □ have (or have got) it made  colloq.  be sure of success [口]肯定会成功的□ made for   ideally suited to 特地制作的，完全适合的□ made of   consisting of 用…制成的，以…构成的□ made of money  colloq.  very rich [口]巨富

made dish n.  a dish prepared from several separate foods 拼盘，杂烩

Madeira /məˈdiərə/ n.  1  a fortified white wine from the island of Madeira off the coast of N. Africa 马德拉白葡萄烈酒(产自北非) 2 (in full 全称 Madeira cake)  a kind of rich sponge cake 马德拉蛋糕 □ Madeiran  n. & adj.  

Madeleine /ˈmædəlin, ˈmædəlein/   马德琳 [人名]

madeleine /ˈmædlein/ n.  a small fancy sponge cake 玛德琳蛋糕 [French, probably named after Madeleine Paulmier, 19th-c. French pastry-cook]

made man n.  a man who has attained success 成功的人，有成就者

Mademoiselle /mædəmwəˈzel/ n. (pl. Mesdemoiselles) /meid-/  1  a title or form of address used of or to an unmarried French-speaking woman, corresponding to Miss or madam (对讲法语未婚妇女的称呼)小姐(相当于英语的 Miss 或 madam) 2 (mademoiselle)  a  a young Frenchwoman 年轻法国女子b  a French governess 法国家庭女教师 [French, from ma ‘my’ + demoiselle DAMSEL]

made road n. Brit.  a properly surfaced road of tarmac, concrete, etc. [英] (铺有柏油、水泥等的)人工路

made to measure adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) (of clothes) made from measurements taken (衣服)定做的

made to order adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  made according to individual requirements 定制的 2  exactly as wanted 完全合适的，完全符合需要的

made up adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  invented, not true 捏造的，虚构的 2  wearing make-up 化装过的 3 (of a meal etc.) already prepared (饭菜等)做好的 4 (of a road) surfaced, not rough (道路)铺平的

Madge /mædʒ/   马奇 [人名]

madhouse /ˈmædhaʊs/ n.  1 archaic or colloq.  a mental home or hospital [古义] [口]疯人院，精神病院 2 colloq.  a scene of extreme confusion or uproar [口]喧闹的场合，骚乱的情景

madly /ˈmædli/ adv.  1  in a mad manner 疯狂地 2 colloq. [口]  a  passionately 狂热地b  extremely 非常，极

madman /ˈmædmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is mad 疯子，狂人，愚蠢的人

Madonna /məˈdɒnə/ n. Eccl. 【教会】  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a name for the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚 2 (usu. 通常作 madonna)  a picture or statue of the Madonna 圣母马利亚画像(或雕像) [Italian, from ma = mia ‘my’ + donna ‘lady’ from Latin domina]

madonna lily n.  the white Lilium candidum, as shown in many pictures of the Madonna 白百合花(常见于圣母马利亚的画像中)

madras /məˈdrɑ:s, -ˈdræs/ n.  1  a strong cotton fabric with coloured or white stripes, checks, etc. 马德拉斯条纹(或格子等)棉布 2 (Madras)  a hot spiced curry dish usu. made with meat (通常带肉的)马德拉斯咖喱肉菜 [Madras in India, where it was first produced]

madrepore /ˈmædripɔ:/ n.  1  a stony coral of the genus Madrepora 石珊瑚 2  the polyp producing this 形成石珊瑚的珊瑚虫 □ madreporic  /-ˈpɒrik/ adj.   [French madrépore or modern Latin madrepora from Italian madrepora, from madre ‘mother’ (perhaps with reference to its prolific growth) + poro PORE1]

Madrid /məˈdrid/ n.  马德里 [西班牙首都]

madrigal /ˈmædriɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a usu. 16th-c. or 17th-c. part-song for several voices, usu. arranged in elaborate counterpoint and without instrumental accompaniment (16 或 17 世纪)合唱歌曲(通常无伴奏) 2  a short love poem 短爱情诗 □ madrigalian  /-ˈɡeiliən/ adj.  □ madrigalist  n.   [Italian madrigale from medieval Latin carmen matricale ‘simple song’, from matricalis ‘mother, simple’, adj. from MATRIX]

madroño /məˈdrəʊnjəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (also 亦作 madroña /-njə/)  an evergreen tree, Arbutus menziesii, of western N. America, with white flowers, red berries, and glossy leaves 浆果鹃(产于北美西部的长青树，开白花，结红色浆果，叶子光泽) [Spanish]

madwoman /ˈmædwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is mad 女疯子，疯女人

Maecenas /maiˈsi:nəs/ n.  a generous patron of literature or art 慷慨赞助文学(或艺术)的人 [Gaius Maecenas, Roman statesman d. 8 BC, the patron of Horace and Virgil]

maelstrom /ˈmeilstrəm/ n.  1  a great whirlpool 大旋涡 2  a state of confusion 极度混乱 [early modern Dutch, the name of a mythical whirlpool, from malen ‘grind, whirl’ + stroom STREAM]

maenad /ˈmi:næd/ n.  1  a bacchante 酒神女祭司 2  a frenzied woman 异常激动的女人 □ maenadic  /-ˈnædik/ adj.   [Latin Maenas Maenad- from Greek Mainas -ados, from mainomai ‘rave’]

maestoso /maiˈstəʊzəʊ/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  to be performed majestically 庄严的(地)，雄伟的(地) ●n. (pl. -os)  a piece of music to be performed in this way 庄严乐章 [Italian, = majestic]

maestro /ˈmaistrəʊ/ n. (pl. maestri /-stri/ or -os) (often as a respectful form of address 常用作尊称)  1  a distinguished musician, esp. a conductor or performer 杰出的音乐家(尤指指挥家或演奏家) 2  a great performer in any sphere, esp. artistic (尤指艺术界的)名师，大师 [Italian, = master]

Mae West /mei ˈwest/ n. slang  an inflatable life jacket [俚语]救生背心 [the name of an American film actress (d. 1980), noted for her large bust]

MAFF abbr. (in the UK) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food [缩略] (英国)农业渔业食品业部

Mafia /ˈmæfiə/ n.  1  an organized international body of criminals, originally in Sicily and now esp. in Italy and the US (源于西西里岛，现尤指在意大利和美国的)黑手党 2 (mafia)  a group regarded as exerting a hidden sinister influence 黑手党式秘密组织 [Italian dialect (Sicilian), = bragging]

Mafioso /mæfiˈəʊsəʊ/ n. (pl. Mafiosi /-si/)  1  a member of the Mafia 黑手党成员 2 (mafioso)  a member of a group regarded as exerting a hidden sinister influence 秘密组织成员 [Italian (as MAFIA)]

mag /mæɡ/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a magazine (periodical) (通常带照片、插图等的)杂志(期刊) 2  magnesium 镁 3  magneto 磁电机 4  magnitude  [abbreviation]

magazine /mæɡəˈzi:n/ n.  1  a periodical publication containing articles, stories, etc., usu. with photographs, illustrations, etc. (通常带照片、插图等的)杂志，期刊 2  a chamber for holding a supply of cartridges to be fed automatically to the breech of a gun (枪的)弹仓，弹盒，弹盘 3  a similar device feeding a camera, slide projector, etc. (照相机、幻灯机等的)胶卷(底片)盒；供幻灯片装置 4  a store for arms, ammunition, and provisions for use in war 弹药库，军火库，装备库 5  a store for explosives 炸药库 [French magasin via Italian magazzino from Arabic makɑˉzin, pl. of makzan ‘storehouse’, from kazana ‘store up’]

magdalen /ˈmæɡdəlin/ n.  1  a reformed prostitute 从良的妓女 2  a home for reformed prostitutes 从良妓女收容所 [Mary Magdalene of Magdala in Galilee (Luke 8:2), identified (probably wrongly) with the sinner of Luke 7:37: from ecclesiastical Latin Magdalena from Greek Magdalēnē]

Magdalenian /mæɡdəˈli:niən/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the final palaeolithic culture in Europe, following the Solutrean and dated to c. 17,000 － 11,000 years ago (有关)马格德林时期的(欧洲旧石器晚期) ●n.  this culture 马格德林时期的文化 [French Magdalénien ‘of La Madeleine’, Dordogne, France, where remains were found]

mage /meidʒ/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a magician 魔法师，魔术家 2  a wise and learned person 聪明博学的人 [Middle English, Anglicized from MAGUS]

Magellanic cloud /mædʒiˈlænik/ n.  each of two galaxies visible in the southern sky 麦哲伦星云 [named after F. Magellan, Portuguese explorer d. 1521]

magenta /məˈdʒentə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a brilliant mauvish-crimson shade 品红色，洋红色 2  an aniline dye of this colour; fuchsine 品红，洋红 ●adj.  of or coloured with magenta 品红色的，洋红色的 [Magenta in N. Italy, site of a battle (1859) fought shortly before the dye was discovered (with reference to the dye's blood-like colour)]

Maggie /ˈmægi/   玛吉 [人名]

maggot /ˈmæɡət/ n.  1  a soft-bodied legless larva, esp. that of a blowfly etc. found in decaying matter (尤指丽蝇等的)蛆 2 archaic  a whimsical fancy [古义]奇想，狂想，幻想 □ maggoty  adj.  多蛆的；想入非非的 [Middle English, alteration of maddock, earlier mathek, from Old Norse mathkr: cf. MAWKISH]

magi pl.  of MAGUS  

magian /ˈmeidʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the magi or Magi 古波斯教士的；东方三博士的 ●n.  1  a magus or Magus 古波斯教士；东方三博士 2  a magician 魔法师 □ magianism  n.   [Latin magus: see MAGUS]

magic /ˈmædʒik/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  the supposed art of influencing the course of events by the occult control of nature or of the spirits 魔法b  witchcraft 巫术 2  conjuring tricks 魔术，戏法 3  an inexplicable or remarkable influence producing surprising results 魔力 4  an enchanting quality or phenomenon 魅力；迷惑人的现象 ●adj.  1  of or resulting from magic 魔术的，巫术的 2  producing surprising results 产生魔力的，有奇异魔力的 3 colloq.  wonderful, exciting [口]绝妙的，令人激动的 ●v. tr. (magicked, magicking)  change or create by magic, or apparently so 用魔法变成，用魔法产生 □ like magic   very effectively or rapidly 非常有效地，快速地□ magic away   cause to disappear as if by magic 似用魔法使消失 [Middle English via Old French magique from Latin magicus (adj.), Late Latin magica (n.), from Greek magikē (tekhnē) ‘(art of) a MAGUS’]

magical /ˈmædʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to magic (有关)魔术的，(有关)巫术的 2  resembling magic; produced as if by magic 似魔术的，魔术般的 3  wonderful, enchanting 绝妙的，迷人的 □ magically  adv.  

magic bullet n. colloq.  any (usually undiscovered) highly specific medicine or other cure [口]魔弹(通常指尚未发现的特效药物)

magic carpet n.  a mythical carpet able to transport a person on it to any desired place 魔毯(可载人去任何想去的地方)

magic eye n.  a small cathode ray tube used to indicate the correct tuning of a radio receiver 电眼，电子射线管，调谐指示器

magician /məˈdʒiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a person skilled in or practising magic 魔法师，巫师 2  a conjuror 魔术师，变戏法的人 3  a person with exceptional skill 有超常技能的人 [Middle English via Old French magicien from Late Latin magica (as MAGIC)]

magic lantern n.  a simple form of image-projector using photographic slides 幻灯机

magic mushroom n.  a mushroom producing psilocybin 致幻蘑菇

magic square n.  a square divided into smaller squares each containing a number such that the sums of all vertical, horizontal, or diagonal rows are equal (纵、横、对角线行列的数均相等的)纵横图，幻方

magilp var.  of MEGILP  MEGILP 的变体

Maginot Line /ˈmæʒinəʊ/ n.  1  a line of fortifications along the NE border of France begun in 1929, overrun in 1940 马其诺防线(法国东北边境防御阵地系统， 1940 年被德国攻破) 2  a line of defence on which one relies blindly 盲目依赖的防线 [named after A. Maginot, French minister of war d. 1932]

magisterial /mædʒiˈstiəriəl/ adj.  1  imperious 专横的，盛气凌人的 2  invested with authority 有权威的，官方的 3  of or conducted by a magistrate 地方行政官的，地方执法官所为的 4 (of a work, opinion, etc.) highly authoritative (著作、观点等)极有权威性的 □ magisterially  adv.   [medieval Latin magisterialis from Late Latin magisterius from Latin magister MASTER]

magisterium /mædʒiˈstiəriəm/ n. RC Ch.  the official teaching of a bishop or pope 【天主教】主教(或大主教)的教诲 [Latin, = the office of a master (as MAGISTERIAL)]

magistracy /ˈmædʒistrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the office or authority of a magistrate 地方长官职位(职权) 2  magistrates collectively (总称)地方长官

magistral /ˈmædʒistr(ə)l, məˈdʒistr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a master or masters 官方的；师长的 2 Pharm. (of a remedy etc.) devised and made up for a particular case (cf. 参见 OFFICINAL 1b) 【药】(药品等)为特殊病例的，按方配制的 [French magistral or Latin magistralis from magister MASTER]

magistrate /ˈmædʒistrət, -streit/ n.  a civil officer administering the law, esp. an official conducting a court for minor cases and preliminary hearings; a Justice of the Peace 地方行政长官(尤指执法官)；治安法官  magistrates' court  治安法庭 □ magistrateship  n.  □ magistrature  /-trətʃə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin magistratus ‘administrator’]

Maglemosian /mæɡləˈməʊsiən, -z-/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to a N. European mesolithic culture, dated to c. 8300 － 6500 BC (有关) (中石器时代北欧)马格尔莫斯文化的 ●n.  this culture 马格尔莫斯时期文化 [Maglemose, a town in Denmark, where articles from this period were found]

maglev /ˈmæɡlev/ n. (usu. 常作 attrib.)  a transport system in which trains glide above a track, supported by magnetic repulsion 磁悬浮火车 [abbreviation of magnetic levitation]

magma /ˈmæɡmə/ n. (pl. magmas or magmata /-mətə/)  1  fluid or semi-fluid material under the earth's surface from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling 岩浆 2  a crude pasty mixture of mineral or organic matter (矿物或有机物的)稀糊状混合物 □ magmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [Middle English, = a solid residue, via Latin from Greek magma -atos, from the root of massō ‘knead’]

Magna Carta /mæɡnə ˈkɑ:tə/ n. (also 亦作 Magna Charta)  1  a charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England in 1215 (1215 年由英王约翰签署的保障公民自由权和政治权的)大宪章 2  any similar document of rights (保证公民权和政治权的)基本宪法 [medieval Latin, = great charter]

magnanimous /mæɡˈnæniməs/ adj.  nobly generous; not petty in feelings or conduct 宽宏的，高尚的，气量大的 □ magnanimity  /mæɡnəˈnimiti/ n.  □ magnanimously  adv.   [Latin magnanimus, from magnus ‘great’ + animus ‘soul’]

magnate /ˈmæɡneit/ n.  a wealthy and influential person, esp. in business (尤指商界的)巨头，富豪，权贵，…大王  shipping magnate  运输大王 financial magnate  金融大王 [Middle English via Late Latin magnas -atis ‘great man’ from Latin magnus ‘great’]

magnesia /mæɡˈni:ʒə, -zjə, -ʃə/ n.  1 Chem.  magnesium oxide 【化】氧化镁 2 (in general use) hydrated magnesium carbonate, a white powder used as an antacid and laxative (通常指)水合碳酸镁(用作抗酸剂、轻泻剂) □ magnesian  adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek Magnēsia (lithos) ‘(stone) of Magnesia’, in Asia Minor]

magnesite /ˈmæɡnisait/ n.  a white or grey mineral form of magnesium carbonate 菱镁矿

magnesium /mæɡˈni:ziəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element occurring naturally in magnesite and dolomite, used for making light alloys and important as an essential element in living organisms (symbol 符 Mg) 【化】(化学元素)镁

magnesium flare n. (also 亦作 magnesium light)  a blinding white light produced by burning magnesium wire 镁光

magnet /ˈmæɡnit/ n.  1  a piece of iron, steel, alloy, ore, etc., usu. in the form of a bar or horseshoe, having properties of attracting or repelling iron 磁体(铁、钢、合金、矿石等物质，通常呈棒状或马蹄形) 2  a lodestone 吸铁石，磁石 3  a person or thing that attracts 有吸引力的人(或物) [Middle English via Latin magnes magnetis from Greek Magnēs -ētos (lithos) ‘(stone) of Magnesia’, originally referring to lodestone: cf. MAGNESIA]

magnetic /mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  1  a  having the properties of a magnet 有磁性的b  producing, produced by, or acting by magnetism 产生磁性的，由磁石引起的，靠磁性起作用的 2  capable of being attracted by or acquiring the properties of a magnet 可磁化的，有磁性的 3  very attractive or alluring 吸引人的，有魅力的  a magnetic personality  有魅力的人格 □ magnetically  adv.   [Late Latin magneticus (as MAGNET)]

magnetic compass n.  = COMPASSn. 1 

magnetic disk  see 见 DISC n. 4a 

magnetic equator n.  an imaginary line, passing round the earth near the equator, on which a magnetic needle has no dip (see 见 DIP n. 8) (假设的)磁赤道

magnetic field n.  a region of variable force around magnets, magnetic materials, or current-carrying conductors 磁场

magnetic inclination n.  = DIPn. 8 

magnetic mine n.  a submarine mine detonated by the proximity of a magnetized body such as that of a ship 磁性水雷

magnetic moment n.  the property of a magnet that interacts with an applied field to give a mechanical moment 磁矩

magnetic needle n.  a piece of magnetized steel used as an indicator on the dial of a compass and in magnetic and electrical apparatus, esp. in telegraphy (尤指在电信技术中的)磁针

magnetic north n.  the point indicated by the north end of a compass needle 磁北

magnetic pole n.  1  each of the points near the extremities of the axis of rotation of the earth or another body where a magnetic needle dips vertically 磁极 2  each of the regions of an artificial or natural magnet, from which the magnetic forces appear to originate (磁场)磁极

magnetic resonance imaging n.  a form of medical imaging using the nuclear magnetic resonance of protons in the body (abbr. 缩略 : MRI) 磁共振成像

magnetic storm n.  a disturbance of the earth's magnetic field caused by charged particles from the sun etc. 磁暴(由太阳等发出的带电粒子引起)

magnetic tape n.  = TAPEn. 4a 

magnetism /ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  magnetic phenomena and their laws 磁现象，磁学b  the property of producing these phenomena 磁性 2  attraction; personal charm 吸引力，魅力 [modern Latin magnetismus (as MAGNET)]

magnetite /ˈmæɡnitait/ n.  magnetic iron oxide 磁铁矿 [German Magnetit (as MAGNET)]

magnetize /ˈmæɡnitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  give magnetic properties to 使磁化 2  make into a magnet 使有磁性 3  attract as or like a magnet 迷住，强烈吸引 □ magnetizable  adj.  □ magnetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ magnetizer  n.  

magneto /mæɡˈni:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an electric generator using permanent magnets and producing high voltage, esp. for the ignition of an internal-combustion engine (尤指为内燃机产生点火的)磁电机，永磁发电机 [abbreviation of MAGNETO-ELECTRIC]

magneto- /mæɡˈni:təʊ/ comb. form  indicating a magnet or magnetism [构词成分]表示“磁力，磁性，磁电” [Greek magnēs: see MAGNET]

magneto-electric /mæɡˌni:təʊiˈlektrik/ adj. (of an electric generator) using permanent magnets (发电机)使用永磁体的 □ magneto-electricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  

magnetograph /mæɡˈni:təɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording measurements of magnetic quantities 地磁(强度)记录仪

magnetometer /mæɡniˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument measuring magnetic forces, esp. the earth's magnetism (尤指测量地球磁力的)磁强计，地磁仪 □ magnetometry  n.  

magnetomotive /mæɡˌni:tə(ʊ)ˈməʊtiv/ adj. (of a force) being the sum of the magnetizing forces along a circuit 磁势的

magneton /ˈmæɡnitɒn/ n.  a unit of magnetic moment in atomic and nuclear physics 磁子 [French magnéton (as MAGNETIC)]

magnetosphere /mæɡˈni:təsfiə/ n.  the region surrounding a planet, star, etc., in which its magnetic field is effective (围绕行星、恒星等的)磁层

magnetron /ˈmæɡnitrɒn/ n.  an electron tube for amplifying or generating microwaves, with the flow of electrons controlled by an external magnetic field 磁控(电子)管 [MAGNET + -TRON]

magnificat /mæɡˈnifikæt/ n.  1  a song of praise 颂歌，赞美歌 2 (Magnificat)  the hymn of the Virgin Mary (Luke 1:46 － 55) used as a canticle 圣母马利亚尊主颂(《路加福音》 1:46 － 55) [the opening words magnificat anima mea Dominum ‘my soul magnifies the Lord’]

magnification /ˌmæɡnifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of magnifying; the process of being magnified 放大，扩大 2  the amount or degree of magnification 放大率，放大倍数 3  the apparent enlargement of an object by a lens 放大的复制品

magnificent /mæɡˈnifis(ə)nt/ adj.  1  splendid, stately 宏伟的，庄严的 2  sumptuously or lavishly constructed or adorned 堂皇的，豪华的 3 colloq.  fine, excellent [口]极好的，顶刮刮的 □ magnificence  n.  □ magnificently  adv.   [French magnificent or Latin magnificus from magnus ‘great’]

magnifico /mæɡˈnifikəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  a magnate or grandee 要人，权贵，高官 [Italian, = MAGNIFICENT: originally with reference to Venice]

magnify /ˈmæɡnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make (a thing) appear larger than it is, as with a lens 使(某物)放大，扩大 2  exaggerate 夸张，夸大 3  intensify 加强，强化 4 archaic  extol, glorify [古义]颂扬，赞美，推崇 □ magnifiable  adj.  □ magnifier  n.   [Middle English from Old French magnifier or Latin magnificare (as MAGNIFICENT)]

magnifying glass n.  a lens used to produce an enlarged image 放大镜

magniloquent /mæɡˈniləkwənt/ adj.  1  grand or grandiose in speech (说话)夸张的，自负的，华而不实的 2  boastful 吹牛的，唱高调的 □ magniloquence  n.  □ magniloquently  adv.   [Latin magniloquus, from magnus ‘great’ + -loquus ‘-speaking’]

magnitude /ˈmæɡnitju:d/ n.  1  largeness 广大，巨大 2  a  size 大小b  a mathematical quantity 数量 3  importance 伟大，重大 4  a  the degree of brightness of a star (see also 另见 ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE, APPARENT MAGNITUDE) (恒星等的)亮度b  a class of stars arranged according to this 星等(恒星的亮度等级)  of the third magnitude  第 3 星等光度的 □ of the first magnitude   very important 最重要的 [Middle English from Latin magnitudo, from magnus ‘great’]

magnolia /mæɡˈnəʊliə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any tree or shrub of the genus Magnolia, cultivated for its dark green foliage and large waxlike flowers in spring 木兰属植物 2  a pale creamy-white colour 浅桃红色 ●adj.  of this colour 浅桃红色的 [modern Latin, named after P. Magnol, French botanist d. 1715]

magnox /ˈmæɡnɒks/ n.  a magnesium-based alloy used to enclose uranium fuel elements in a nuclear reactor 镁诺克斯合金(用于包覆核反应堆铀燃料) [magnesium no oxidation]

magnum /ˈmæɡnəm/ n. (pl. magnums)  1  a wine bottle of about twice the standard size (容量两倍于普通瓶子的)大酒瓶 2  a  a cartridge or shell that is especially powerful or large 填入大剂量火药的弹药筒b (often 常作 attrib.)  a cartridge or gun adapted so as to be more powerful than its calibre suggests (弹药筒、火器)填装大剂量火药的 [Latin, neut. of magnus ‘great’]

magnum opus /mæɡnəm ˈəʊpəs, ˈɒpəs/ n. (pl. magnum opuses or magna opera /mæɡnə ˈəʊpərə, ˈɒpərə/)  1  a great and usu. large work of art, literature, etc. (文学、艺术等的)大作，杰作，巨著 2  the most important work of an artist, writer, etc. (艺术家、作家等的)主要作品 [Latin, = great work: see OPUS]

magpie /ˈmæɡpai/ n.  1  a long-tailed crow, Pica pica, of Europe and N. America, with black and white plumage 喜鹊 2  any of various birds with black and white plumage, esp. Gymnorhina tibicen of Australia (有黑白羽的)鹊；澳洲鹊 3  an idle chatterer 爱说话的人，碎嘴子 4  a person who collects things indiscriminately 爱收集零碎东西的人 5  a  the division of a circular target next to the outer one 靶子外数第二圈b  a rifle shot which strikes this 射中靶子外数第二圈的子弹 [Mag, abbreviation of Margaret + PIE2]

magpie lark n.  any of several Australian birds of the family Grallinidae, esp. a common long-legged black and white bird, Grallina cyanoleuca, with a loud piping call (also called 亦称作 peewee) 澳洲鹊鹨

magpie moth n.  a white geometrid moth with black and yellow spots, Abraxas grossulariata, whose caterpillars feed on fruit bushes 尺蠖蛾(带黑黄斑点)

maguey /ˈmæɡwei/ n.  an agave plant, esp. one yielding pulque 龙舌兰(尤指生产龙舌兰酒的植物) [Spanish from Taino]

magus /ˈmeiɡəs/ n. (pl. magi /ˈmeidʒai/)  1  a member of a priestly caste of ancient Persia (古波斯)僧侣 2  a sorcerer 魔法师 3 (the (three) Magi)  the ‘wise men’ from the East who brought gifts to the infant Christ (Matt. 2:1 － 12) (向初生基督送礼物的)东方三博士(《马太福音》 2:1 － 12) [Middle English via Latin and Greek from Old Persian magus]

Magyar /ˈmæɡjɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Ural-Altaic people now predominant in Hungary (匈牙利的)马札尔人 2  the language of this people; Hungarian 马札尔语；匈牙利语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language (有关)马札尔人的，(有关)马札尔语的，(有关)匈牙利语的 [native name]

maharaja /mɑ:(h)əˈrɑ:dʒə, məhɑ:-/ n. (also 亦作 maharajah) hist.  a title of some Indian princes [史义] (印度土邦主的头衔)大君 [Hindi mahɑˉrɑˉjɑˉ, from mahɑˉ ‘great’ + RAJA]

maharanee /mɑ:(h)əˈrɑ:ni, məhɑ:-/ n. (also 亦作 maharani) hist.  a maharaja's wife or widow [史义] (印度)土邦主妻(或遗孀)，大君妃 [Hindi mahɑˉrɑˉnī, from mahɑˉ ‘great’ + RANEE]

maharishi /mɑ:(h)əˈriʃi/ n.  a great Hindu sage or spiritual leader (印度教的)大圣；宗教大师，精神领袖 [Hindi, from mahɑˉ ‘great’ + RISHI]

mahatma /məˈhætmə, məˈhɑ:-/ n.  1  a (in India etc.) a person regarded with reverence (印度等)受尊敬的人b  a sage 圣人 2  each of a class of persons in India and China's Tibet supposed by some to have preternatural powers (印度、中国西藏的)圣贤，伟人 [Sanskrit mahɑˉtman, from mahɑˉ ‘great’ + ɑˉtman ‘soul’]

Mahayana /mɑ:(h)əˈjɑ:nə, məhɑ:-/ n.  a tradition of Buddhism now practised esp. in China and Japan, etc. (尤指中国、日本等的)大乘，摩诃衍那 [Sanskrit, from mahɑˉ ‘great’ + yɑˉna ‘vehicle’]

Mahdi /ˈmɑ:di/ n. (pl. Mahdis)  1  a spiritual and temporal messiah expected by Muslims 马赫迪(伊斯兰教徒所期待的救世主) 2 esp. hist.  a leader claiming to be this Messiah [尤史义]自称救世主的人 □ Mahdism  n.  □ Mahdist  n. & adj.   [Arabic mahdīy ‘he who is guided right’, past part. of hadɑˉ ‘guide’]

mah-jong /mɑ:ˈdʒɒŋ/ n. (also 亦作 mah-jongg)  a Chinese game for four resembling rummy and played with 136 or 144 pieces called tiles 麻将牌 [Chinese dialect ma-tsiang, literally ‘sparrows’]

mahlstick var.  of MAULSTICK  MAULSTICK 的变体

mahogany /məˈhɒɡəni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a hard reddish-brown wood used esp. for furniture (尤做家具的)红木b  the colour of this 赤褐色 2  any tropical tree of the genus Swietenia, esp. S. mahagoni, yielding this wood 红木树 ●adj.  of a rich reddish-brown colour 赤褐色的 [17th c.: origin unknown]

mahonia /məˈhəʊniə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Mahonia, with yellow bell-shaped or globular flowers 十大功劳属植物(开黄色钟状或球形花朵) [modern Latin, named after B. McMahon (d. 1816), US botanist]

mahout /məˈhaʊt/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) an elephant driver or elephant keeper (印度次大陆的)象夫，驭象人 [Hindi mahɑˉut from Sanskrit mahɑˉmɑˉtra ‘high official’, literally ‘great in measure’]

Mahratta var.  of MARATHA  MARATHA 的变体

Mahratti var.  of MARATHI  MARATHI 的变体

mahseer /ˈmɑ:siə/ n.  either of two freshwater Indian fish, Barbus putitora or B. tor, used as food 印度鲃；马西亚鱼 [Hindi mahɑˉsir]

maid /meid/ n.  1  a female domestic servant 女佣，保姆，侍女，女仆 2 Brit. archaic or poet.  a girl or young woman [英古义] [诗]少女，年轻姑娘 □ maidish  adj.   [Middle English, abbreviation of MAIDEN]

maidan /maiˈdɑ:n/ n. Anglo-Ind. [印英]  1  an open space in or near a town (城镇内或附近的)空地 2  a parade ground 阅兵场 [Urdu from Arabic maydɑˉn]

maiden /ˈmeid(ə)n/ n.  1  a archaic or poet.  a girl; a young unmarried woman [古义] [诗]少女，年轻姑娘；(未婚的)年轻女子b (作 attrib.)  unmarried 未婚的，处女的  maiden aunt  未结过婚的姑妈 2 Cricket 【板球】  = MAIDEN OVER  3 (作 attrib.) (of a female animal) unmated (雌性动物)未交配过的 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  a horse that has never won a race 从未跑赢过的马(的)b  a race open only to such horses 从未跑赢过的马参赛的(赛马) 5 (作 attrib.)  being or involving the first attempt or occurrence 初次的，首次的  maiden speech  首次演讲 maiden voyage  首航 □ maidenhood  n.  □ maidenish  adj.  □ maidenlike  adj.  □ maidenly  adj.   [Old English mœgden from a Germanic diminutive = maid, virgin]

maidenhair /ˈmeid(ə)nhɛə/ n. (in full 全称 maidenhair fern)  a fern of the genus Adiantum, esp. A. capillus-veneris, with fine hairlike stalks and delicate fronds 铁线蕨；(尤指)掌叶铁线蕨

maidenhair tree n.  the ginkgo (whose leaves resemble those of the maidenhair fern in shape) (树叶形状颇似铁线蕨的)银杏，白果树

maidenhead /ˈmeid(ə)nhed/ n.  1  virginity 处女性，处女时期 2  the hymen 处女膜

maiden name n.  a wife's surname before marriage (女子)婚前姓，娘家姓

maiden over n. Cricket  an over in which no runs are scored off the bat 【板球】未得分的一轮投球

maid of honour n.  1  an unmarried lady attending a queen or princess (英国女王或公主的)未婚女侍从 2 Brit.  a kind of small custard tart [英]牛奶蛋糊小馅饼 3 N. Amer.  a principal bridesmaid [北美]首席女傧相

maidservant /ˈmeidsɜ:v(ə)nt/ n.  a female domestic servant 女佣，女仆

maieutic /meiˈju:tik/ adj. (of the Socratic mode of enquiry) serving to bring a person's latent ideas into clear consciousness “产婆术”(苏格拉底启发式的问答法) [Greek maieutikos, via maieuomai ‘act as a midwife’ from maia ‘midwife’]

maigre /ˈmeiɡə/ adj. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1 (of a day) on which abstinence from meat is ordered 斋(日)的 2 (of food) suitable for eating on maigre days (食物)素的，斋戒时食用的 [French, literally ‘lean’: cf. MEAGRE]

mail1 /meil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  letters and parcels etc. conveyed by post (信件、包裹等的)邮件b  the postal system 邮政c  one complete delivery or collection of mail 一次所发送(或收取)的邮件d  one delivery of letters to one place, esp. to a business on one occasion (尤指为企业)所送的一批邮件 2  = ELECTRONIC MAIL  3  a vehicle carrying mail 邮车 4 hist.  a bag of letters for conveyance by post [史义]邮袋 ●v. tr.  send (a letter etc.) by post 邮寄(信等) [Middle English from Old French male ‘wallet’, from West Germanic]

mail2 /meil/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist.  armour made of rings, chains, or plates, joined together flexibly [史义] (由金属环、链、片编成的)锁子甲，铠甲 2  the protective shell, scales, etc., of an animal (动物护身的)锁子状甲壳(鳞片等) ●v. tr. poet.  clothe with or as if with mail [诗]使穿铠甲，使似穿铠甲 □ mailed  adj.   [Middle English via Old French maille from Latin macula ‘spot, mesh’]

mailable /ˈmeiləb(ə)l/ adj.  acceptable for conveyance by post 能邮寄的

mailbag /ˈmeilbæɡ/ n.  a large sack or bag for carrying mail 邮袋

mailboat /ˈmeilbəʊt/ n.  a boat carrying mail 邮船

mailbox /ˈmeilbɒks/ n. N. Amer.  a letter box [北美]邮筒，信箱

mail carrier n. US  a postman or postwoman [美] (男或女)邮递员

mail cart n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  a cart for carrying mail by road 邮件运载马车 2  a light vehicle for carrying children 轻便童车

mail coach n.  a railway coach or hist. stagecoach used for carrying mail 铁路客车；[史义]邮政马车

mail drop n. N. Amer.  a receptacle for mail [北美]邮筒，邮箱槽口

mailed fist n. (prec. by 前接 the)  physical force 武力，铁腕

mailing /ˈmeiliŋ/ n.  1  the action or process of sending something by mail 邮寄 2  something sent by mail 邮寄品

mailing list n.  a list of people to whom advertising matter, information, etc., is to be posted (供邮寄广告、资料等的)邮寄名单

maillot /mæˈjəʊ/ n. (pl. maillots pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  tights for dancing, gymnastics, etc. (舞蹈、体操等穿的)紧身衣 2  a woman's one-piece bathing suit 整件女游泳衣 3  a jersey 针织紧身内衣 [French]

mailman /ˈmeilmən/ n. (pl. -men) N. Amer.  a postman [北美]邮递员

mail order n.  the ordering of goods by post 邮购，函购 also, often with hyphen, attrib. 亦常加连字符作定语 : mail-order catalogue  邮购物品的目录

mailshot /ˈmeilʃɒt/ n.  a dispatch of mail, esp. advertising and promotional material, to a large number of addresses (尤指给大量潜在用户邮寄的)广告(促销)材料

mail train n.  a train carrying mail 邮政列车

maim /meim/ v. tr.  1  cripple, disable, mutilate 使伤残，使成残废，使有缺陷 2  harm, impair 伤害，损害  emotionally maimed by neglect  由于疏忽使情感受到伤害 [Middle English from Old French mahaignier, of unknown origin]

main1 /mein/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  chief in size, importance, extent, etc.; principal (大小、重要性、范围等)最大的，重要的，主要的  the main part  主要部分 the main point  要点 2  exerted to the full 尽全力的  by main force  全力以赴 ●n.  1  a principal channel, duct, etc., for water, sewage, etc. (自来水、污水等的)总管，主要管道  water main  自来水总管 2 (usu. in pl. 常用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) Brit. [英]  a  the central distribution network for electricity, gas, water, etc. (电、煤气，水等的)主管道，干线b  a domestic electricity supply as distinct from batteries 交流电源 3 archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  a  the ocean or oceans 大海，沧海  the Spanish Main  加勒比海b  the mainland 大陆 □ in the main   for the most part 大体上，大致，基本上□ with might and main   with all one's force 竭尽全力 [Middle English, partly from Old Norse megenn, megn ‘strong, powerful’, partly from Old English mœgen ‘physical force’, from Germanic]

main2 /mein/ n.  1 (in the game of hazard) a number (5, 6, 7, 8, or 9) called by a player before dice are thrown (骰子游戏投前)叫数 2  a match between fighting cocks 斗鸡赛 [16th c.: probably originally MAIN CHANCE]

main brace n. Naut.  the brace attached to the main yard 【海】主桅杆转桁绳索

main chance n. (prec. by 前接 the)  one's own interests 获利良机，最有利的机会

main clause n. Gram.  a clause that alone forms a complete sentence (cf. 参见 SUBORDINATE CLAUSE) 【语法】(主从复合句中的)主句

main course n.  1  the chief course of a meal 主菜 2 Naut.  the mainsail 【海】主桅主帆

maincrop /ˈmeinkrɒp/ attrib. adj. (of a vegetable) produced by the main crop (蔬菜)主要作物产出的

main deck n. Naut. 【海】  1  the deck below the spar-deck in a man-of-war (军舰的)中甲板 2  the upper deck between the poop and the forecastle in a merchantman (商船的)主甲板

main drag n. US colloq. [美口]  = MAIN STREET 

mainframe /ˈmeinfreim/ n.  1  the central processing unit and primary memory of a computer (大型计算机的)主机 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a large computer system 大型计算机系统(的)

mainland /ˈmeinlənd, -lænd/ n.  a large continuous extent of land, excluding neighbouring islands etc. (不包括附近岛屿等的)大陆 □ mainlander  n.  

main line n.  1  a chief railway line (铁路)干线 2 slang  a principal vein, esp. as a site for a drug injection (cf. 参见 MAINLINE) [俚语]尤指注射毒品的主静脉血管 3 US  a chief road or street [美]主街，大道

mainline /ˈmeinlain/ v. slang [俚语]  1 intr.  take drugs intravenously 接受毒品静脉注射 2 tr.  inject (drugs) intravenously 把(毒品)直接注入静脉 □ mainliner  n.  

mainly /ˈmeinli/ adv.  for the most part; chiefly 主要地，大部分地

mainmast /ˈmeinmɑ:st/ n. Naut.  the principal mast of a ship 【海】主桅杆

mainplane /ˈmeinplein/ n.  the principal supporting surface of an aircraft (cf. 参见 TAILPLANE) 主翼面

mainsail /ˈmeinseil, -s(ə)l/ n. Naut. 【海】  1 (in a square-rigged vessel) the lowest sail on the mainmast (横帆船上的)主帆 2 (in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel) a sail set on the after part of the mainmast (纵帆船的)主桅后部的帆

mainsheet /ˈmeinʃi:t/ n. Naut.  the rope which controls the boom of the mainsail when set 【海】主帆索

mainspring /ˈmeinspriŋ/ n.  1  the principal spring of a mechanical watch, clock, etc. (表、钟等的)主发条 2  a chief motive power; an incentive 主要动力，动机

mainstay /ˈmeinstei/ n.  1  a chief support 主要依靠，支柱  has been his mainstay since his trouble  困难时期一直是他的依靠 2 Naut.  a stay from the maintop to the foot of the foremast 【海】主桅支索

mainstream /ˈmeinstri:m/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  the prevailing trend in opinion, fashion, etc. (观点、时尚等)主流，主流倾向 2  a type of jazz based on the 1930s swing style and consisting esp. of solo improvisation on chord sequences (尤指即兴独唱式的)主流派爵士乐 3  the principal current of a river 主流

Main Street n. esp. US  the materialism, mediocrity, or parochialism, regarded as typical of small-town life (after Sinclair Lewis's novel, 1920) [尤美] (以实利主义、庸俗、狭隘为特征的)典型小城镇观念(源自 1920 年辛克莱·刘易斯小说)

main street n.  the principal street of a town 大道，大街，主街道

maintain /meinˈtein, mənˈtein/ v. tr.  1  cause to continue; keep up, preserve (a state of affairs, an activity, etc.) 使保持，维持，使继续(事态、活动等)  maintained friendly relations  保持友好关系 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in; often 常作 refl.)  support (life, a condition, etc.) by work, nourishment, expenditure, etc. (通过工作、抚养、开支等)支持，维持(生活、条件等)  maintained him in comfort  使他保持舒适生活 maintained themselves by fishing  靠打鱼为生 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  assert (an opinion, statement, etc.) as true 坚持，断言，主张(观点、声明等)  maintained that she was the best  断言道她是最佳的 his story was true, he maintained  他坚持说他的话是真实的 4  preserve or provide for the preservation of (a building, machine, road, etc.) in good repair 维修，保养，养护(建筑物、机器、道路等) 5  give aid to (a cause, party, etc.) 支持，援助(事业、政党等) 6  provide means for (a garrison etc. to be equipped) 提供(驻军等装备) □ maintainable  adj.  □ maintainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French maintenir, ultimately from Latin manu tenēre ‘hold in the hand’]

maintained school n. Brit.  a school supported from public funds [英]公立学校

maintainer /meinˈteinə, mən-/ n.  1  a person or thing that maintains 维修者；维护物 2 (also 亦作 maintainor) Law hist.  a person guilty of maintenance (see 见 MAINTENANCE 3) 【法律】[史义]包揽诉讼罪者

maintenance /ˈmeint(ə)nəns, -tin-/ n.  1  the process of maintaining or being maintained 维持，保养，保持 2  a  the provision of the means to support life, esp. by work etc. 生计，生活资料b (also 亦作 separate maintenance)  a husband's or wife's provision for a spouse after separation or divorce; alimony (分居或离婚后)给配偶的抚养费；赡养费 3 Law hist.  the offence of aiding a party in litigation without lawful cause 【法律】[史义]包揽诉讼罪 [Middle English from Old French, from maintenir: see MAINTAIN]

maintop /ˈmeintɒp/ n. Naut.  a platform above the head of the lower mainmast 【海】主桅上平台

maintopmast /meinˈtɒpməst/ n. Naut.  a mast above the head of the lower mainmast 【海】主桅中桅

main yard n. Naut.  the yard on which the mainsail is extended 【海】主桅下帆横桁

maiolica /məˈjɒlikə/ n. (also 亦作 majolica /məˈjɒl-, -ˈdʒɒl-/)  1  a white tin-glazed earthen-ware decorated with metallic colours, originally popular in the Mediterranean area during the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期地中海地区的)锡釉陶器 2  a modern imitation of this (现代)仿锡釉陶器 [Italian, from the former name of Majorca]

Maisie /ˈmeizi/   梅西 [人名]

maisonette /meizəˈnet/ n. (also 亦作 maisonnette)  1  a part of a house, block of flats, etc., forming separate living accommodation, usu. on two floors and having a separate entrance (通常占两层的)小公寓(公寓套房等) 2  a small house 小屋 [French maisonnette, diminutive of maison ‘house’]

maize /meiz/ n.  1  a cereal plant, Zea mays, native to N. America, yielding large grains set in rows on a cob 玉蜀黍 2  the cobs or grains of this (cf. 参见 CORN1 1) 玉米 [French maïs or Spanish maiz, of Carib origin]

Maj. abbr. [缩略]  Major 

majestic /məˈdʒestik/ adj.  showing majesty; stately and dignified; grand, imposing 雄伟的，庄严的，高贵的，威风的，威严的 □ majestically  adv.  

majesty /ˈmædʒisti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  impressive stateliness, dignity, or authority, esp. of bearing, language, the law, etc. (尤指举止、语言、法律等的)威严，尊严，庄严，权威 2  a  royal power 君权，王权b (Majesty)  forming part of several titles given to a sovereign or a sovereign's wife or widow or used in addressing them (对帝王、王后等的尊称)陛下  Your Majesty  陛下 Her Majesty the Queen Mother  太后陛下 3  a picture of God or Christ enthroned within an aureole (上帝或基督的)环以光轮的圣像 □ Her (or His) Majesty's   part of the title of several State institutions …陛下的  Her Majesty's Stationery Office  女王陛下的国家文书出版署 [Middle English via Old French majesté from Latin majestas -tatis (as MAJOR)]

Majlis /ˈmædʒlis, mædʒˈlis/ n. Polit.  the parliament of various N. African or Middle Eastern countries, esp. Iran 【政】(北非或中东国家，尤指伊朗的)议会 [Persian, = assembly]

majolica var.  of MAIOLICA  MAIOLICA 的变体

major /ˈmeidʒə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  important, large, serious, significant 重要的，重大的，主要的  a major road  主路 a major war  重大战争 the major consideration must be their health  首要考虑的是他们的健康情况 2 (of an operation) serious or life-threatening (手术)严重的，有生命危险的 3 Mus. 【音】  a (of a scale) having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees (音阶)大音阶的b (of an interval) greater by a semitone than a minor interval (音程)大音程的  major third  大 3 度c (of a key) based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect (声调)大调的  D major  D 大调 4  of full age 成年人 5 Brit. (appended to a surname, esp. in public schools) indicating the elder of two brothers [英] (附在姓后，尤指在公立学校中兄弟俩)较长者的  Smith major  大史密斯 6 Logic 【逻辑学】  a (of a term) occurring in the predicate or conclusion of a syllogism (项)大的b (of a premiss) containing a major term 含大(前提)的 ●n.  1 Mil. 【军】  a  an army officer next below lieutenant colonel and above captain (陆军)少校b  an officer in charge of a section of band instruments (某一乐器部的)乐器长  drum major  鼓手长 pipe major  风笛乐队主吹奏手 2  a person of full age 成年人 3 Mus.  a major key etc. 【音】大调(大音程等) 4 US [美]  a  a student's special subject or course 主修科目，专业b  a student specializing in a specified subject 主修某专业的学生  a philosophy major  主修哲学的学生 5 Logic  a major term or premiss 【逻辑学】大项；大前提 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 in) US  study or qualify in as a special subject [美]主修  majored in theology  主修神学 □ majorship  n.   [Middle English from Latin, comparative of magnus ‘great’]

major axis n.  the axis of a conic, passing through its foci (椭圆的)长轴

Majorcan /məˈdʒɔ:k(ə)n, məˈjɔ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Majorca, an island in the Mediterranean (地中海岛上的)马略卡人；马略卡居民 ●adj.  of or relating to Majorca (有关)马略卡人(居民)的

major-domo /meidʒəˈdəʊməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the chief official of an Italian or Spanish princely household (意大利、西班牙王室的)总管家 2  a house-steward; a butler 男管家；管事 [originally mayordome, via Spanish mayordomo, Italian maggiordomo from medieval Latin major domus ‘highest official of the household’ (as MAJOR, DOME)]

majorette /meidʒəˈret/ n.  = DRUM MAJORETTE  [abbreviation]

major general n.  an officer next below a lieutenant general 少将

majority /məˈdʒɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 of)  the greater number or part 多数，过半数，大半 2 Polit. 【政】  a  the number by which the votes cast for one party, candidate, etc. exceed those of the next in rank (选举政党、候选人等选票中的)多数票  won by a majority of 151  以 151 票的多数获胜b  a party etc. receiving the greater number of votes 多数党(多数派等) 3  full legal age 成年，法定年龄  attained his majority  到达法定年龄 4  the rank of major 少校级别 □ in the majority  esp. Polit.  belonging to or constituting a majority party etc. (尤)【政】占多数，属多数 [French majorité from medieval Latin majoritas -tatis (as MAJOR)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, majority is strictly used only with countable nouns, e.g. a majority of people, and not with mass nouns, e.g. a majority of the work. When used with countable nouns, it is followed by a plural verb, e.g. The majority of his books were failures. 在释义 1 中， majority 严格用于可数名词，如 : a majority of people (大多数人), 不用于物质名词如 : a majority of work (大部分工作)。与可数名词连用时，后跟复数动词，如 The majority of his books were failures (他的大多数书都不成功)。 

majority rule n.  the principle that the greater number should exercise greater power 多数裁定原则

majority verdict n.  a verdict given by more than half of the jury, but not unanimous 多数裁决

major league n. (often 常作 attrib.) US  a top-ranking league in baseball etc. [美] (棒球等)联合会总会

major part n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the majority 多数

major piece n. Chess  a rook or queen 【棋类】大子，强子(后或车)

major planet n.  Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune 大行星(指木星、土星、天王星或海王星)

major prophet n.  Isaiah, Jeremiah, or Ezekiel 大先知书(《以赛亚书》、《耶利米书》或《以西结书》)

major suit n. Bridge  spades or hearts 【桥牌】高级花色(黑桃或红心)

majuscule /ˈmædʒəskju:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a large letter, whether capital or uncial 大写字母 2  large lettering 大字体 ●adj.  of, written in, or concerning majuscules 大写字母(体)写的，用大写字母(体)的，关于大写字母(体)的 □ majuscular  /məˈdʒʌskjʊlə/ adj.   [French from Latin majuscula (littera ‘letter’), diminutive of MAJOR]

make /meik/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. made /meid/)  1 tr.  construct; create; form from parts or other substances 做；作；创造；制造  made a table  做了张桌子 made it out of cardboard  它是用薄纸板做的 made him a sweater  给他织了一件毛衣 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 infin. with or without to)  cause or compel (a person etc.) to do something 使(某人等) (做某事)，逼迫(某人等) (做某事)  make him repeat it  让他再来一遍 was made to confess  被逼承认 3 tr.  a  cause to exist; create; bring about 使形成；创作；产生  made a noise  吵闹得很 made an enemy  树敌b  cause to become or seem 使成为；使看来  made an exhibition of myself  使我当众出丑 made him angry  使他生气c  appoint; designate 任命，委任，指定  made him a Cardinal  任命他为红衣主教 4 tr.  compose; prepare; draw up 草拟，撰写，编著，订立  made her will  她立遗嘱 made a film about Japan  导演了有关日本的电影 5 tr.  constitute; amount to 构成，等于  makes a difference  有关系，有影响 2 and 2 make 4  2 加 2 等于 4 this makes the tenth time  这是第 10 次了 6 tr.  a  undertake or agree to (an aim or purpose) 从事，实行(目的或宗旨)  made a promise  允诺 make an effort  努力b  execute or perform (a bodily movement, a speech, etc.) 做出(某种行为、举动)；发表(演说等)  made a face  做鬼脸 made a bow  鞠躬 7 tr.  gain, acquire, procure (money, a profit, etc.) 获得，挣，赚  made £ 20,000 on the deal  这笔交易赢得 2 万英镑 8 tr.  prepare (tea, coffee, a dish, etc.) for consumption 准备，烹制(茶、咖啡、菜等)  made egg and chips  煎鸡蛋和薯条 9 tr.  a  arrange bedclothes tidily on (a bed) ready for use 整理，铺好(床位)b  arrange and light materials for (a fire) 点亮，点燃(灯火) 10 intr.  a  proceed 行进，前进  made towards the river  向河走去b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  begin an action 开始行动  he made to go  他开始出发 11 tr. colloq. [口]  a  arrive at (a place) or in time for (a train etc.) 到达，抵达(某地)；赶上(火车等)  made the border before dark  天黑前到达边界 made the six o'clock train  赶上 6 点钟的火车b  manage to attend; manage to attend on (a certain day) or at (a certain time) 设法出席；设法(在某日、某时)出席  couldn't make the meeting last week  无法参加上周的会 can make any day except Friday  除了星期五，哪一天都可出席c  achieve a place in 在…占一席之地  made the first eleven  成为足球队的首发阵容 made the six o'clock news  成为 6 点钟的新闻d esp. N. Amer.  achieve the rank of [尤北美]晋升，出任  made colonel in three years  3 年中晋升为上校 12 tr.  establish or enact (a distinction, rule, law, etc.) 制定，规定(差别、规章、法律等) 13 tr.  consider to be; estimate as 估计；推测，猜想  what do you make the time?  你说现在有几点钟了？ do you make that a 1 or a 7?  你猜这是 1 还是 7 ？ 14 tr.  secure the success or advancement of 使成功，保证进步，使走运  his mother made him  她妈妈使他成功 it made my day  这事造就了我 15 tr.  accomplish (a distance, speed, score, etc.) 行满，走完(路程、距离)；获得(分数)；以(…速度等)前进  made 60 m.p.h. on the motorway  在高速路上以每小时 60 英里的速度行驶 16 tr.  a  become by development or training 发展成为，转变为  made a great leader  成为伟大的领袖b  serve as 作为  a log makes a useful seat  圆木可当座位 17 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  represent as; cause to appear as 代表；使呈现成  makes him out a liar  认出他是个骗子 18 tr.  form in the mind 在头脑中形成  I make no judgement  我不做判断 19 tr. (foll. by 后跟 it + compl.)  a  determine, establish, or choose 确定；建立；选择  let's make it Tuesday  咱们定在星期二 made it my business to know  将此定为我要去了解的事b  bring to (a chosen value etc.) 定到(某一数值等)  decided to make it a dozen  决定将其凑成一打 20 tr. slang  have sexual relations with [俚语]与…性交 21 tr. Cards 【牌戏】  a  win (a trick) 赢(一墩牌)b  play (a card) to advantage 打出(一张赢一墩的牌)c  win the number of tricks that fulfils (a contract) 做成(约定墩数)d  shuffle (a pack of cards) for dealing 洗(牌) 22 tr. Cricket  score (runs) 【板球】得(分) 23 tr. Electr.  complete or close (a circuit) (opp. 反义 BREAK1 v. 10) 【电】(电路的)开通，闭合 24 intr. (of the tide) begin to flow or ebb (潮)涨；(潮)退 ●n.  1 (esp. of a product) a type, origin, brand, etc. of manufacture (尤指产品的)类型，样式，型号(品牌，来源等)  different make of car  不同款式的汽车 our own make  我们自己的品牌 2  a kind of mental, moral, or physical structure or composition 性情，品格，体质，脾性 3  an act of shuffling cards 洗牌 4 Electr 【电】  a  the making of contact (电路的)接通b  the position in which this is made 接通的位置 □ make after  archaic  pursue [古义]追赶，追逐□ make against   be unfavourable to 与…相违背；不利于；有害于；有损于□ make as if (or though)  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin. or conditional)  act as if the specified circumstances applied 假装，装着  made as if to leave  假装要离开 made as if he would hit me  装作他要打我 made as if I had not noticed  假装我没看见□ make away (or off)   depart hastily (匆匆地)离开，急忙跑掉，逃走□ make away with   1  get rid of; kill 除掉，杀死 2  squander (把钱)用光，花光；浪费，挥霍□ make believe   pretend 假装，假扮□ make a clean breast of   see 见 BREAST □ make conversation   talk politely 说应酬话，谈话□ make a day (or night etc.) of it   devote a whole day (or night etc.) to an activity 用整天(或整夜等时间)做某事□ make do   1  manage with the limited or inadequate means available 设法应付，凑合着对付，勉强应付 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  manage with (something) as an inferior substitute 将就着用(某物)替代□ make an example of   punish as a warning to others 以惩罚儆戒他人□ make a fool of   see 见 FOOL1 □ make for   1  tend to result in (happiness etc.) 有利于，有益于(幸福等) 2  proceed towards (a place) 走向(某地)，向…前进 3  assault; attack 向…猛攻，袭击，冲向 4  confirm (an opinion) 证实(观点)，确定(看法)□ make friends  (often foll. 常后跟 by)  become friendly 交朋友，与…友好相处□ make fun of   see 见 FUN □ make good   see 见 GOOD □ make a habit of   see 见 HABIT □ make a hash of   see 见 HASH1 □ make hay, make hay of   see 见 HAY1 □ make head or tail of   see 见 HEAD □ make a House  Brit. Polit.  secure the presence of enough members for a quorum or support in the House of Commons [英]【政】(确保议会)达到法定人数□ make it  colloq. [口]  1  succeed in reaching, esp. in time (尤指按时)赶到，做到 2  be successful 成功 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) slang  have sexual intercourse (with) [俚语] (与…)性交□ make it up   1  be reconciled, esp. after a quarrel (尤指经过争吵后)和解，讲和 2  fill in a deficit 补足亏欠□ make it up to   remedy negligence, an injury, etc. to (a person) (向某人)补偿(疏忽、致伤等)□ make light of   see 见 LIGHT2 □ make love   see 见 LOVE □ make a meal of   see 见 MEAL1 □ make merry   see 见 MERRY □ make money   acquire wealth or an income 发财，赚钱□ make the most of   see 见 MOST □ make much (or little or the best) of   1  derive much (or little etc.) advantage from 从…获益很大(或很小等) 2  give much (or little etc.) attention, importance, etc., to 重视(或忽视等) (重要性等)□ make a name for oneself   see 见 NAME □ make no bones about   see 见 BONE □ make nothing of   1  do without hesitation 毫不犹豫地去做 2  treat as a trifle 轻视，小看 3  be unable to understand, use, or deal with 不懂，不会用；无法对付□ make of   1  construct from 由…制作，构建 2  conclude to be the meaning or character of 从…做出…结论；理解  can you make anything of it?  你能理解此事吗？□ make off   = make away □ make off with   carry away; steal 拐走，拿走，偷走□ make oneself scarce   see 见 SCARCE □ make or break (or esp. Brit. [尤英] mar)   cause the success or ruin of 或成功或失败□ make out   1  a  distinguish by sight or hearing 看出，听出b  decipher (handwriting etc.) 辨认出(书写等) 2  understand 理解，领悟  can't make him out  不能理解他 3  assert; pretend; represent as; demonstrate, prove; try to prove 说成，说是；证明，企图证明  made out he liked it  证明他喜欢它 made him out to be a crook  证明他是个骗子 4 colloq.  make progress; fare [口]进展；过日子  how did you make out?  你过得怎么样？ 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, in favour of)  draw up; write out 开出，写出；起草，填写  made out a cheque to her  给她开出了一张支票 6 N. Amer. colloq.  indulge in sexual activity usu. stopping short of intercourse; neck, pet [北美口]满足性欲；拥抱，接吻，爱抚□ make over   1  transfer the possession of (a thing) to a person (将某物)转让，移交 2  refashion (a garment etc.) 改做(衣服等)□ make a point of   see 见 POINT □ make sail  Naut 【海】  1  spread a sail or sails 扬帆 2  start a voyage 启航，开船□ make shift   see 见 SHIFT □ make so bold as to   see 见 BOLD □ make time   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for or to + infin.)  find an occasion when time is available 腾出时间(做某事) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) N. Amer. slang  make sexual advances (to a person) [北美] [俚语]勾搭上(异性)□ make up   1  serve or act to overcome (a deficiency) 弥补(不足) 2  complete (an amount, a party, etc.) 凑足，补齐，配齐(数量、同行者等) 3  compensate 补偿，赔偿 4  be reconciled 和解 5  put together; compound; prepare 调合；使…混合；配制  made up the medicine  配制药品 6  sew (parts of a garment etc.) together 缝合(衣服等) 7  get (a sum of money, a company, etc.) together 结算(账目)；整顿(公司等) 8  concoct (a story) 编造，虚构(故事) 9 (of parts) compose (a whole) (由部分)组成，构成(整体) 10  a  apply cosmetics 化妆，打扮b  apply cosmetics to 为…化装，为…打扮 11  settle (a dispute) 排解(纠纷) 12  prepare (a bed) for use with fresh sheets etc. 整理(床铺、房间等) 13 Printing  arrange (type) in pages 【印刷】(用铅字)排版 14  compile (a list, an account, a document, etc.) 列(表格)；整理(账目)；起草(文件等) 15  arrange (a marriage etc.) 安排(婚事等)□ make up one's mind   decide, resolve 下定决心，拿定主意□ make up to   curry favour with; court 巴结；求爱，追求□ make water   1  urinate 小便 2 (of a ship) take in water (船)漏水□ make way   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  allow room for others to proceed 让路 2  achieve progress 进步□ make one's way   proceed 前进□ make with  US colloq.  supply; perform; proceed with [美口]供给；做出；进行  made with the feet and left in a hurry  抬脚匆忙离去□ on the make  colloq. [口]  1  intent on gain 追求名利 2  looking for sexual partners 寻求异性伙伴□ makable  adj.   [Old English macian from West Germanic: related to MATCH1]

make-believe n. & adj. (also 亦作 make-belief) ●n.  pretence 假装，假托 ●adj.  pretended 假装的，虚假的

make-over n.  a complete transformation or remodelling 彻底改变，改头换面

maker /ˈmeikə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person or thing that makes 制造者，制造商；制造厂 2 (our, the, etc. Maker)  God 造物主，上帝 3 archaic  a poet [古义]诗人

makeshift /ˈmeikʃift/ adj. & n. ●adj.  temporary; serving for the time being 临时凑合的，权宜之计的  a makeshift arrangement  临时安排 ●n.  a temporary substitute or device 临时代用品(器具)

make-up n.  1  cosmetics for the face etc., either generally or to create an actor's appearance or disguise (面部等用的)化妆品，化妆术 2  the appearance of the face etc. when cosmetics have been applied (面部等的)化妆  his make-up was not convincing  他的化妆不真实 3 Printing  the making up of a type 【印刷】排版，拼版 4 Printing  the type made up 【印刷】版面 5  a person's character, temperament, etc. 性格(气质等) 6  the composition or constitution (of a thing) (事物的)构成，组成

makeweight /ˈmeikweit/ n.  1  a small quantity or thing added to make up the full weight 补足重量的少量东西 2  an unimportant extra person 无关紧要的人(补缺的人) 3  an unimportant point added to make an argument seem stronger (为充实论点而提出的)不重要的补充论点

making /ˈmeikiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of MAKE v. MAKE 的动词各释义 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  earnings; profit 收益；赚头b (foll. by 后跟 of)  essential qualities or ingredients 要素，因素；成分  has the makings of a general  具备成为将军的素质 we have the makings of a meal  有做饭的东西c N. Amer. & Austral. colloq.  paper and tobacco for rolling a cigarette [北美澳口] (卷纸烟用的)纸和烟叶 □ be the making of   ensure the success or favourable development of 确保…的成功；确保…的顺利发展□ in the making   in the course of being made or formed 在发展中，在形成中；在制造中 [Old English macung (as MAKE)]

mako1 /ˈmɑ:kəʊ, ˈmækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a large bluish shark of the genus Isurus, found worldwide 灰鲭鲨；尖吻鲭鲨 [Maori]

mako2 /ˈmɑ:kəʊ, ˈmækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small New Zealand tree, Aristotelia racemosa, with clusters of dark red berries and large racemes of pink flowers Also called 亦称作 WINEBERRY 总状酒果(一种新西兰树) [Maori]

Mal. abbr.  Malachi (Old Testament) [缩略]《玛拉基书》(《圣经·旧约》)

mal- /mæl/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  a  bad, badly (malpractice 渎职 ; maltreat 滥用) 坏，恶，不良b  faulty, faultily (malfunction 发生故障) 不正常，不当，非法 2  not (maladroit 笨拙的) 不，非 [French mal ‘badly’ from Latin male]

malabsorption /mæləbˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.  imperfect absorption of food material by the small intestine (营养)吸收障碍，吸收不良

malacca /məˈlækə/ n. (in full 全称 malacca cane)  a rich-brown cane from the stem of the palm tree Calamus scipionum, used for walking sticks etc. (用作手杖等的)马六甲白藤杖 [Malacca, a town and district on the Malay peninsula]

malachite /ˈmæləkait/ n.  a bright green mineral of hydrous copper carbonate, taking a high polish and used for ornament 孔雀石 [Old French melochite via Latin molochites from Greek molokhitis, from molokhē = malakhē ‘mallow’]

malaco- /ˈmæləkəʊ/ comb. form  soft [构词成分]软 [Greek malakos ‘soft’]

malacology /mæləˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of molluscs 软体动物学

malacostracan /mæləˈkɒstrək(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any crustacean of the class Malacostraca, including crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and krill 软甲亚纲动物(包括蟹、虾、龙虾及磷虾) ●adj.  of or relating to this class (有关)软甲亚纲的 [MALACO- + Greek ostrakon ‘shell’]

maladaptive /mæləˈdæptiv/ adj. (of an individual, species, etc.) failing to adjust adequately to the environment, and undergoing emotional, behavioural, physical, or mental repercussions (个体、物种等)不适应的，适应不良的 □ maladaptation  /mælədæpˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

maladjusted /mæləˈdʒʌstid/ adj.  1  not correctly adjusted 调节不良的，失调的 2 (of a person) unable to adapt to or cope with the demands of a social environment (人)不适应社会环境的 □ maladjustment  n.  

maladminister /mælədˈministə/ v. tr.  manage or administer inefficiently, badly, or dishonestly 对…管理低效，对…管理不善，对…执政不公 □ maladministration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

maladroit /ˌmæləˈdrɔit/ adj.  clumsy; bungling 笨拙的，不灵巧的 □ maladroitly  adv.  □ maladroitness  n.   [French (as MAL-, ADROIT)]

malady /ˈmælədi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an ailment; a disease 疾病，毛病 2  a morbid or depraved condition; something requiring a remedy 不健康状况；弊病，弊端 [Middle English from Old French maladie, from malade ‘sick’, ultimately from Latin male ‘ill’ + habitus, past part. of habēre ‘have’]

mala fide /meilə ˈfaidi:, mælə ˈfi:dei/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  acting or done in bad faith 不守信义的，不诚实的 ●adv.  in bad faith 不守信义地 [Latin]

Malaga /ˈmæləɡə/ n.  a sweet fortified wine from Málaga in southern Spain (产自西班牙南部的)马拉加白葡萄酒

Malagasy /mæləˈɡæsi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Madagascar, an island in the Indian Ocean (有关)马达加斯加的 ●n.  the Austronesian language of Madagascar 马达加斯加语 [originally Malegass, Madegass from Madagascar]

malagueña /mæləˈɡeinjə/ n.  1  a Spanish dance resembling the fandango 马拉加舞(西班牙民间舞蹈，似方丹戈舞) 2  a piece of music for or in the style of a fandango 马拉加舞曲 [Spanish (as MALAGA)]

malaise /mæˈleiz/ n.  1  a non-specific bodily discomfort not associated with the development of a disease 不舒服，小恙 2  a feeling of uneasiness 精神不爽，心神不宁 [French, from Old French mal ‘bad’ + aise EASE]

malamute /ˈmæləmju:t/ n. (also 亦作 malemute)  an Eskimo dog 北极犬，阿拉斯加雪橇狗 [name of an Alaskan Inuit people]

malanders var.  of MALLENDERS  MALLENDERS 的变体

malapert /ˈmæləpɜ:t/ adj. & n. archaic [古义] ●adj.  impudent; saucy 鲁莽的，没礼貌的 ●n.  an impudent or saucy person 鲁莽的人，没礼貌的人 [Middle English from Old French (as MAL-, apert = espert EXPERT)]

malapropism /ˈmæləprɒpiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 malaprop /ˈmæləprɒp/)  the use of a word in mistake for one sounding similar, to comic effect, e.g. dance a flamingo (for flamenco) 词语的滑稽误用(尤指误用发音相似而意义不同的词语，如将跳 flamenco 说成 flamingo) [Mrs Malaprop (from MALAPROPOS) in Sheridan's play The Rivals (1775)]

malapropos /ˌmælæprəˈpəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  inopportunely; inappropriately 不合适宜地，不适当地 ●adj.  inopportune; inappropriate 不合适宜的，不适当的 ●n.  something inappropriately said, done, etc. 不合适宜的话(行为等) [French mal ɑˋ propos from mal ‘ill’: see APROPOS]

malar /ˈmeilə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the cheek 颧骨的，颊的 ●n.  a bone of the cheek 颧骨 [modern Latin malaris from Latin mala ‘jaw’]

malaria /məˈlɛəriə/ n.  1  an intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium, introduced by the bite of a mosquito 疟疾 2 archaic  an unwholesome atmosphere caused by the exhalations of marshes, to which this fever was formerly attributed [古义]瘴气 □ malarial  adj.  □ malarian  adj.  □ malarious  adj.   [Italian mal'aria ‘bad air’]

malarkey /məˈlɑ:ki/ n. colloq.  humbug; nonsense [口]胡说，废话 [20th c.: origin unknown]

malathion /mæləˈθaiən/ n.  an insecticide containing phosphorus, with low toxicity to other animals 马拉息昂(低毒有机磷杀虫剂) [diethyl maleate + thio- acid + -ON]

Malawi   马拉维

Malawian /məˈlɑ:wiən/ adj. & n.  马拉维的(人)

Malay /məˈlei/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a member of a people inhabiting Malaysia and Indonesia 马来人b  a person of Malay descent 马来人后裔 2  the Austronesian language of this people, the official language of Malaysia 马来语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language (有关)马来人的；(有关)马来语的 [Malay Melayu]

Malayalam /mæləˈjɑ:ləm/ n.  the Dravidian language of the state of Kerala in southern India 马拉雅拉姆语(用于印度南部的喀拉拉邦) [native word, from mala (Tamil malai) ‘mountain’ + ɑˉḷ ‘man’]

Malayan /məˈleiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  = MALAYn. 1  ●adj.  of or relating to Malays or Malaya (now part of Malaysia) (有关)马来人的；(有关)马来亚的(现为马来西亚的一部分)

Malayo- /məˈleiəʊ/ comb. form  Malayan and (Malayo-Chinese 马来—汉语) [构词成分]马来人(或马来语)和… [MALAY]

Malaysia   马来西亚

Malaysian /məˈleiziən/ adj. & n.  马来西亚的(人)

Malcolm /ˈmælkəm/   马尔科姆 [人名]

malcontent /ˈmælkəntent/ n. & adj. ●n.  a discontented person; a rebel 不满者，反叛者 ●adj.  discontented or rebellious 不满的，不满现状的；反抗的，反叛的 [French (as MAL-, CONTENT1)]

mal de mer /mæl də ˈmɛə, 法 mal də mɛr/ n.  seasickness 晕船 [French, = sickness of (the) sea]

maldistribution /ˌmældistriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  faulty or imperfect distribution 分配不公，分配不当 □ maldistributed  adj.  

Maldives   马尔代夫

male /meil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the sex that can beget offspring by fertilization or insemination 男性的，雄性的，公的  male child  男孩 male dog  雄狗 2  of men or male animals, plants, etc.; masculine (人、动物、植物)男的，雄的，雄性(蕊)的  the male sex  男性 a male-voice choir  男声合唱队 3  a (of plants or their parts) containing only fertilizing organs (植物)只有雄蕊的b (of plants) thought of as male because of colour, shape, etc. (植物因其颜色、形状等)被认为是雄性的 4 (of parts of machinery etc.) designed to enter or fill the corresponding female part (机器等部件)阳的，凸形的，插入的  a male screw  螺栓 ●n.  a male person or animal 男人，雄性动物 □ maleness  n.   [Middle English via Old French ma(s)le from Latin masculus, from mas ‘a male’]

male chauvinist  see 见 CHAUVINIST 2 

malediction /mæliˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a curse 诅咒，污蔑 2  the utterance of a curse 咒骂，诽谤 □ maledictive  adj.  □ maledictory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin maledictio, via maledicere ‘speak evil of’ from male ‘ill’ + dicere dict- ‘speak’]

malefactor /ˈmælifæktə/ n.  a criminal; an evildoer 坏人，犯罪分子 □ malefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin malefacere malefact-, from male ‘ill’ + facere ‘do’]

male fern n.  a common lowland fern, Dryopteris filixmas 绵马

malefic /məˈlefik/ adj. literary (of magical arts etc.) harmful; baleful [文学用语] (魔术等)有害的，邪恶的 [Latin maleficus from male ‘ill’]

maleficent /məˈlefis(ə)nt/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  hurtful 有害的 2  criminal 犯罪的 □ maleficence  n.   [maleficence, formed as MALEFIC, on the pattern of malevolence]

maleic acid /məˈleiik/ n.  a colourless crystalline organic acid used in making synthetic resins 马来酸，顺丁烯二酸 [French maléique (as MALIC ACID)]

male menopause n.  a crisis of potency, confidence, etc., supposed to afflict men in middle life 男性更年期(对自身能力、信心等会出现危机感)

malemute var.  of MALAMUTE  MALAMUTE 的变体

malevolent /məˈlev(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  wishing evil to others 怀恶意的，心肠坏的 □ malevolence  n.  □ malevolently  adv.   [Old French malivolent or Latin malevolens, from male ‘ill’ + volens ‘willing’, part. of velle]

malfeasance /mælˈfi:z(ə)ns/ n. Law  evildoing 【法律】非法行为，坏事 □ malfeasant  n. & adj.   [Anglo-French malfaisance from Old French malfaisant (as MAL-, faisant part. of faire ‘do’, from Latin facere): cf. MISFEASANCE]

malformation /mælfɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  faulty formation 畸形 □ malformed  /-ˈfɔ:md/ adj.  

malfunction /mælˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  a failure to function in a normal or satisfactory manner 功能障碍，机能失灵，故障 ●v. intr.  fail to function normally or satisfactorily 发生功能障碍，机能不良，失灵

Mali   马里

mali /ˈmɑ:li/ n. (pl. malis) (in the Indian subcontinent) a member of a caste whose traditional occupation is gardening; a gardener (印度次大陆世袭的)家庭园丁；花匠 [Hindi]

Malian /ˈmɑ:liən/ adj. & n.  马里的(人)

malic acid /ˈmælik/ n.  an organic acid found in unripe apples and other fruits 苹果酸，羟基丁二酸 [French malique from Latin malum ‘apple’]

malice /ˈmælis/ n.  1  a  the intention to do evil 恶意，恶念b  a desire to tease, esp. cruelly (尤指恶意)戏弄 2 Law  wrongful intention, esp. as increasing the guilt of certain offences 【法律】(尤指蓄意害人的)恶谋 [Middle English via Old French from Latin malitia, from malus ‘bad’]

malice aforethought n. (also 亦作 malice prepense)  the intention to commit a crime, esp. murder (尤指谋杀罪案的)恶意蓄谋

malicious /məˈliʃəs/ adj.  characterized by malice; intending or intended to do harm 有恶意的，恶毒的；存心不良的；蓄意谋害的 □ maliciously  adv.  □ maliciousness  n.   [Old French malicius from Latin malitiosus (as MALICE)]

malign /məˈlain/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a thing) injurious (东西)有害的 2 (of a disease) malignant (疾病)恶性的，癌的 3  malevolent 邪恶的，恶毒的 ●v. tr.  speak ill of; slander 污蔑；诽谤，中伤 □ maligner  n.  □ malignity  /məˈliɡniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ malignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French malin maligne, malignier and Late Latin malignare ‘contrive maliciously’ from Latin malignus, from malus ‘bad’: cf. BENIGN]

malignant /məˈliɡnənt/ adj.  1  a (of a disease) very virulent or infectious (疾病)恶性的，致命的，传染的  malignant cholera  恶性霍乱b (of a tumour) tending to invade normal tissue and recur after removal; cancerous (肿瘤)扩散的，转移的，复发的；癌的 2  harmful; feeling or showing intense ill will 恶意的，恶毒的 □ malignancy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ malignantly  adv.   [Late Latin malignare (as MALIGN)]

malignant pustule n.  a form of anthrax 皮肤炭疽

malinger /məˈliŋɡə/ v. intr.  exaggerate or feign illness in order to escape duty, work, etc. 装病(以逃避职守、工作等) □ malingerer  n.   [back-formation from malingerer, apparently from French malingre, perhaps formed as MAL- + haingre ‘weak’]

mall /mæl, mɔ:l/ n.  1  a sheltered walk or promenade 林阴道；散步场所 2  an enclosed shopping precinct 商业区，大型商业中心 3 hist. [史义]  a  = PALL-MALL b  an alley used for this 铁圈球球场 [applied to The Mall in London (originally a pall-mall alley): variant of MAUL, in the sense ‘hammer, mallet’]

mallard /ˈmælɑ:d, -ləd/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or mallards)  1  a wild duck or drake, Anas platyrhynchos, of the northern hemisphere 绿头鸭，野鸭 2  the flesh of the mallard 野鸭肉 [Middle English from Old French (probably as MALE, -ARD)]

malleable /ˈmæliəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of metal etc.) able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking (金属等)可锻的，有延展性的 2  adaptable; pliable, flexible 易适应的，灵活的；柔韧的，柔顺的 □ malleability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ malleably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin malleabilis from Latin malleare ‘to hammer’, from malleus ‘hammer’]

mallee /ˈmæli/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  any of several types of eucalyptus, esp. Eucalyptus dumosa, that flourish in arid areas 澳洲油桉树 2  an area of scrub formed by mallee 澳洲油桉树丛 [Aboriginal, probably Wemba-wemba mali]

mallee bird n. (also 亦作 mallee fowl or mallee hen)  a megapode, Leipoa ocellata, resembling a turkey 眼斑冢雉

mallei pl.  of MALLEUS  

mallemuck var.  of MOLLYMAWK  MOLLYMAWK 的变体

mallenders /ˈmæl(ə)ndəz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 malanders)  a dry scabby eruption behind a horse's knee 马膝湿疹 [Middle English via Old French malandre (sing.) from Latin malandria (pl.) ‘neck-pustules’]

malleolus /mæˈli:ələs/ n. (pl. malleoli /-lai/) Anat.  a bone with the shape of a hammer head, esp. each of those forming a projection on either side of the ankle 【解】踝骨(尤指脚脖子两边的突起) [Latin, diminutive of malleus ‘hammer’]

mallet /ˈmælit/ n.  1  a hammer, usu. of wood (通常指木制的)大头锤 2  a long-handled wooden hammer for striking a croquet or polo ball 木槌球棍 [Middle English from Old French maillet, via mailler ‘to hammer’ from mail ‘hammer’, from Latin malleus]

malleus /ˈmæliəs/ n. (pl. mallei /-liai/) Anat.  a small bone in the middle ear transmitting the vibrations of the tympanum to the incus 【解】锤骨 [Latin, = hammer]

mallow /ˈmæləʊ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Malva (family Malvaceae), esp. M. sylvestris, with hairy stems and leaves and pink or purple flowers 锦葵 2  any of several other plants of the family Malvaceae, including marsh mallow and tree mallow 锦葵科植物 [Old English meal(u)we from Latin malva]

malm /mɑ:m/ n.  1  a soft chalky rock 柔软的白垩岩 2  a loamy soil produced by the disintegration of this rock 含白垩黏土 3  a fine-quality brick made originally from malm, marl, or a similar chalky clay 白垩砖 [Old English mealm-, from Germanic]

malmsey /ˈmɑ:mzi/ n.  a strong sweet wine originally from Greece, now chiefly from Madeira (原产希腊现主要产自马德拉的)醇香白葡萄酒，马姆齐甜酒 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German malmesie, -eye, from Monemvasia, a port in S. Greece: cf. MALVOISIE]

malnourished /mælˈnʌriʃt/ adj.  suffering from malnutrition 营养不良的

malnourishment /mælˈnʌriʃm(ə)nt/ n.  = MALNUTRITION 

malnutrition /mælnjʊˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  a dietary condition resulting from the absence of some foods or essential elements necessary for health; insufficient nutrition 营养不良

malocclusion /mæləˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  imperfect positioning of the teeth when the jaws are closed (上下牙的)错位咬合

malodorous /mælˈəʊd(ə)rəs/ adj.  evil-smelling 恶臭的，难闻的

Malpighian layer /mælˈpiɡiən/ n.  a layer of proliferating cells in the epidermis 马尔皮基氏层，表皮生发层 [named after M. Malpighi, Italian physician d. 1694]

malpractice /mælˈpræktis/ n.  1  improper or negligent professional treatment, esp. by a medical practitioner (尤指开业医生)渎职，玩忽职守；治疗失当，治疗错误 2  a  criminal wrongdoing; misconduct 违法行为；不端行为b  an instance of this 违法

malt /mɔ:lt, mɒlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  barley or other grain that is steeped, germinated, and dried, esp. for brewing or distilling and vinegar-making 麦芽(尤用于酿酒、蒸馏威士忌酒及制醋) 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  malt whisky; malt liquor [尤英口]用麦芽蒸馏而成的威士忌酒，麦芽酒 3 (also 亦作 malted) US [美]  = MALTED MILK  ●v.  1 tr.  a  convert (grain) into malt 使(谷粒)做成麦芽b (as 作 malted adj.)  mixed with malt or a malt extract 麦芽(或麦精)做成的 2 intr. (of seeds) become malt when germination is checked by drought (种子)变为麦芽 [Old English m(e)alt from Germanic: related to MELT]

Malta   马耳他

malted milk n.  1  a hot drink made from dried milk and a malt preparation 麦乳精制成的热饮 2  the powdered mixture from which this is made 麦乳精

Maltese /mɔ:lˈti:z, mɒl-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or national of Malta, an island in the W. Mediterranean 马耳他人；马耳他居民b  a person of Maltese descent 马耳他人后裔 2  the language of Malta 马耳他语 ●adj.  of or relating to Malta or its people or language (有关)马耳他的；(有关)马耳他人的；(有关)马耳他语的

Maltese cross n.  a cross with arms of equal length broadening from the centre, often indented at the ends 马耳他十字(形)

Maltese dog n. (also 亦作 Maltese terrier)  a small breed of spaniel or terrier 马耳他狗

maltha /ˈmælθə/ n.  a cement made of pitch and wax or other ingredients 软沥青，沥青柏油胶 [Latin from Greek]

malthouse /ˈmɔ:lthəʊs, ˈmɒlt-/ n.  a building used for preparing and storing malt 麦芽作坊；麦芽贮藏所

Malthusian /mælˈθju:ziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to T. R. Malthus, English clergyman and economist (d. 1834) or his theories, esp. his observation that the uncontrolled increase of populations is checked only by the limits of their means of subsistence (有关)马尔萨斯的(尤指马尔萨斯人口论的) ●n.  a follower of Malthus 马尔萨斯人口论的信徒 □ Malthusianism  n.  

malting /ˈmɔ:ltiŋ, ˈmɒlt-/ n.  1  the process or an instance of brewing or distilling with malt 麦芽酿造(法) 2  = MALTHOUSE 

malt liquor n.  alcoholic liquor made from malt by fermentation, not distillation, e.g. beer, stout 麦芽酒(用麦芽酿制的酒，如啤酒、黑啤)

maltose /ˈmɔ:ltəʊz, -s, mɒlt-/ n. Chem.  a sugar produced by the hydrolysis of starch under the action of the enzymes in malt, saliva, etc. 【化】麦芽糖(通过酶分解淀粉而产生的糖) [MALT + -OSE2]

maltreat /mælˈtri:t/ v. tr.  ill-treat 虐待 □ maltreater  n.  □ maltreatment  n.   [French maltraiter (as MAL-, TREAT)]

maltster /ˈmɔ:ltstə, mɒlt-/ n.  a person who makes malt 麦芽制造者

malt whisky n.  whisky made from malted barley 麦芽(酿制的)威士忌酒

malty /ˈmɔ:lti, ˈmɒlti/ adj. (maltier, maltiest)  of, containing, or resembling malt 麦芽的，含麦芽的，似麦芽的 □ maltiness  n.  

malvaceous /mælˈveiʃəs/ adj. Bot.  of or relating to the genus Malva or the family Malvaceae, which includes mallow 【植】(有关)锦葵科的 [Latin malvaceus from malva MALLOW]

malversation /mælvəˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1  corrupt behaviour in a position of trust 腐败行为 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  corrupt administration (of public money etc.) 滥用(公款等)，贪污 [French from malverser, from Latin male ‘badly’ + versari ‘behave’]

malvoisie /ˈmælvɔizi, mælvɔiˈzi:/ n.  = MALMSEY  [Middle English via Old French malvesie from the French form of Monemvasia: see MALMSEY]

mam /mæm/ n. colloq. [口]  mother  [formed as MAMMA1]

mama /ˈmæmə, məˈmɑ:/ n. colloq. [口] (esp. as a child's term 尤儿语)  = MAMMA1 

mamba /ˈmæmbə/ n.  any venomous African snake of the genus Dendroaspis, esp. the green and black mambas, which are varieties of D. angusticeps (非洲)树眼镜蛇，曼巴(尤指绿色或黑色的) [Zulu imamba]

mambo /ˈmæmbəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a Latin American dance like the rumba 曼博舞(似伦巴的交际舞) 2  the music for this 曼博舞音乐 ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  perform the mambo 跳曼博舞 [Latin American Spanish, probably from Haitian Creole]

mamelon /ˈmæmilən/ n.  a small rounded hillock 圆丘 [French, = nipple, via mamelle ‘breast’ from Latin MAMILLA]

Mameluke /ˈmæməlu:k/ n. hist.  a member of the military class (originally Caucasian slaves) that ruled Egypt 1254 － 1811 [史义]马穆鲁克(军事阶层，原为奴隶) [French mameluk, ultimately via Arabic mamlūk ‘slave’ from malaka ‘possess’]

mamilla /mæˈmilə/ n. (US [美] mammilla) (pl. -lae /-li:/)  1  the nipple of a woman's breast 乳头 2  a nipple-shaped organ etc. 乳头状器官(乳头状物等) □ mamillary  /ˈmæmiləri/ adj.  □ mamillate  /ˈmæmileit/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of MAMMA2]

mamma1 /ˈmæmə, məˈmɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 momma /ˈmɒmə/) colloq. (esp. as a child's term) mother [口]妈妈(尤儿语) [imitative of child's ma, ma]

mamma2 /ˈmæmə/ n. (pl. mammae /-mi:/)  1  a milk-secreting organ of female mammals (雌性哺乳动物的)乳房 2  a corresponding non-secretory structure in male mammals (雄性哺乳动物的)乳房残迹 □ mammiform  adj.   [Old English from Latin]

mammal /ˈmæm(ə)l/ n.  any vertebrate of the class Mammalia, usu. a warm-blooded quadruped with hair or fur, the females of which possess milk-secreting mammae for the nourishment of the young, and including human beings, dogs, cats, rodents, cattle, whales, bats, etc. (通常指温血脊椎动物，用奶汁哺育后代的)哺乳动物(包括人类、狗、猫、啮齿动物、牛、鲸鱼、蝙蝠等) □ mammalian  /-ˈmeiliən/ adj. & n.  □ mammalogy  /-ˈmælədʒi/ n.   [modern Latin mammalia, neut. pl. of Latin mammalis (as MAMMA2)]

mammaliferous /mæməˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj. Geol.  containing mammalian remains 【地质】有哺乳动物遗骸的

mammary /ˈmæməri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the human female breasts or milk-secreting organs of other mammals 乳房的；乳腺的 ●n. (pl. -ies) slang  a breast [俚语]乳房 [MAMMA2 + -ARY1]

mammary gland n.  the milk-producing gland of female mammals 乳腺

mammee /mæˈmi:/ n.  a tropical American tree, Mammea americana, with large red-rinded yellow-pulped fruit (美洲热带产的)曼密苹果树 [Spanish mamei from Taino]

mammilla US var.  of MAMILLA [美] MAMILLA 的变体

mammogram /ˈmæməɡræm/ n.  an image obtained by mammography 乳房 X 线照片

mammography /mæˈmɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  an X-ray technique of diagnosing and locating abnormalities (esp. tumours) of the breasts 【医】(尤指检查肿瘤的)乳房造影术，乳房 X 线照相术 [MAMMA2 + -GRAPHY]

Mammon /ˈmæmən/ n.  1  wealth regarded as a god or as an evil influence (视为偶像或罪恶的)玛门 2  the worldly rich 财富，金钱 □ Mammonism  n.  □ Mammonist  n.  拜金主义 [Middle English via Late Latin Mam(m)ona and Greek mamōnas from Aramaic mɑˉmōn ‘riches’: see Matt. 6:24, Luke 16:9 － 13]

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  any large extinct elephant of the genus Mammuthus, with a hairy coat and curved tusks (已灭绝的古代)猛犸，毛象 ●adj.  huge 巨大的，庞大的 [Russian mamo(n)t]

mammy /ˈmæmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a child's word for mother (儿语的)妈妈 2 US offens.  a black nursemaid or nanny in charge of white children, esp. formerly in the southern United States [美] [冒犯] (尤指旧时美国南部给白人照顾小孩的)黑人女佣(保姆) [formed as MAMMA1]

Man. abbr.  Manitoba [缩略] (加拿大)马尼托巴省

man /mæn/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. men /men/)  1  an adult human male, esp. as distinct from a woman or boy (区别于妇女或儿童的成年)男子，男人 2  a  a human being; a person 人；任何人  no man is perfect  人无完人b  human beings in general; the human race (泛指)人；人类  man is mortal  人终有一死 3  a person showing characteristics associated with males 男子汉，大丈夫  she's more of a man than he is  她比他更像个男人 4  a  a usu. male worker or employee (通常指男)雇工，(男)雇员  the manager spoke to the men  经理对雇员们讲话b esp. Brit.  a manservant or valet [尤英]男佣；男仆c hist.  a vassal [史义]封臣 5  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  soldiers, sailors, etc., esp. non-officers (尤指无官职的)士兵，水手  was in command of 200 men  指挥着 200 名士兵b  an individual, usu. male, person (通常指男性)个人  fought to the last man  战斗到最后一个人c (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the, or poss. pron.)  a person regarded as suitable or appropriate in some way; a person fulfilling requirements 最合适的人，最需要的人  I'm your man  我是你需要的人 not the man for the job  不适合做这项工作的人 6  a  a husband 丈夫  man and wife  (结为)夫妇b colloq.  a boyfriend or lover [口]男朋友，情夫 7  a  a human being of a specified historical period or character 特定历史时期的人；某种性格的人  Renaissance man  文艺复兴时期的人b  a type of prehistoric human named after the place where the remains were found 根据发现地所命名的史前人  Peking man  北京猿人 8  any one of a set of pieces used in playing chess, draughts, etc. (国际象棋、跳棋等的)棋子 9 (as second element in comb. 用于复合词中作为第二个要素)  a man of a specified nationality, profession, skill, etc. 具有(某籍贯、职业、技能等)的人  Dutchman  荷兰人 clergyman  牧师 horseman  骑手 gentleman  绅士 10  a  an expression of impatience etc. used in addressing a male (对男人不耐烦等的称呼语)喂  nonsense, man!  喂，你胡说！b colloq.  a general mode of address [口] (一般称呼语)朋友，你  blew my mind, man!  喂，朋友，你真让我糊涂！ 11 (prec. by 前接 a)  a person; one 某人  what can a man do?  人能做什么呢？ 12  a person pursued; an opponent etc. (被追捕的)人；对手(等)  the police have so far not caught their man  警察至今未抓到要抓的人 13 (the Man) US slang [美] [俚语]  a  the police 警察b black slang  a person or group with power or authority [黑人俚语]头，上司，领导，老板 14 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a ship of a specified type …船，…舰  merchantman  商船 Indiaman  大商船 ●v. tr. (manned, manning)  1  supply (a ship, fort, factory, etc.) with a person or people for work or defence etc. 给(船只、要塞、工厂等)配置人员(兵员等) 2  work or service or defend (a specified piece of equipment, a fortification, etc.) 担任(职务)，工作在(岗位)，防御(要塞)  man the pumps  操作水泵 3 Naut.  place men at (a part of a ship) 【海】为(船的某部位)配备水手 4  fill (a post or office) 使担任(职、位) 5 (usu. 通常作 refl.)  fortify the spirits or courage of 增强勇气，振作精神  manned herself for the task  她振作精神去承担这一任务 □ as one man   in unison; in agreement 全体地；一致地□ be a man   be courageous; not show fear 勇敢的，无畏的□ be one's own man   1  be free to act; be independent 自主的，独立的 2  be in full possession of one's faculties etc. (因才能等)胸有成竹□ man and boy   from childhood 从小到大，从童年时代以来，整个一生□ man enough   sufficiently manly 够男子气概的□ man to man   with candour; honestly 坦率的，真诚的□ men's (or men's room)   a usu. public lavatory for men (通常公共的)男厕所□ my (or my good) man   a patronizing mode of address to a man (含优越感地对其他男人的称呼方式)喂；我的好人□ separate (or sort out) the men from the boys  colloq.  find those who are truly manly, competent, etc. [口]找出真正有魄力(成熟、能干等)的人□ to a man   all without exception 无例外地，一致地□ manless  adj.   [Old English man(n), pl. menn, mannian, from Germanic]

mana /ˈmɑ:nə/ n.  1 esp. NZ  power; authority; prestige [尤新]权力；权威；威望 2  supernatural or magical power 超自然力量；神力，魔力 [Maori]

man about town n.  a fashionable man of leisure 出没于娱乐社交场所的男子，花花公子

manacle /ˈmænək(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a fetter or shackle for the hand; a handcuff 手铐，镣铐 2  a restraint 束缚；约束 ●v. tr.  fetter with manacles 给…上手铐(镣铐) [Middle English via Old French manicle ‘handcuff’ from Latin manicula, diminutive of manus ‘hand’]

manage /ˈmænidʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  organize; regulate; be in charge of (a business, household, team, a person's career, etc.) 经营(买卖)；掌管(家务)；管理(团队)；处置(人生经历等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  succeed in achieving; contrive 成功达到；努力完成，设法做到  managed to arrive on time  尽力按时到达 managed a smile  勉强一笑 managed to ruin the day  设法葬送这一天 3 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  succeed in one's aim, esp. against heavy odds 做成(尤指困难的)事  managed with one assistant  靠一个帮手完成了b  meet one's needs with limited resources etc. (靠有限的资源)勉强维持，应付过去  just about manages on a pension  靠养老金勉强维持生计 4 tr.  gain influence with or maintain control over (a person etc.) 控制，操纵；照管(人等)  cannot manage their teenage son  管不了他们的十几岁的儿子 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often prec. by 常前接 can, be able to)  a  cope with; make use of 对付；使用  couldn't manage another bite  多一口也吃不下去了 can you manage by yourself?  你一个人干得了吗？b  be free to attend on (a certain day) or at (a certain time) 安排(在某天)做，(有时间)做  can you manage Thursday?  星期四你行吗？ 6 tr.  handle or wield (a tool, weapon, etc.) 使用；运用(工具、武器等) 7 tr.  take or have charge or control of (an animal or animals, esp. cattle) 控制；驾驭(动物，尤指牛) ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a  the training of a horse 训练马b  the trained movements of a horse 训练马的步法 2  a riding school (cf. 参见 MANÈGE) 马术学校 [Italian maneggiare, maneggio, ultimately from Latin manus ‘hand’]

manageable /ˈmænidʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be managed, controlled, or accomplished etc. without great difficulty 可管理的；可控制的；可设法做到的(易办到的、可对付的等) □ manageability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ manageableness  n.  □ manageably  adv.  

management /ˈmænidʒm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the process of managing or being managed; the action of managing 办理；经营；处理 2  a  the professional administration of business concerns, public undertakings, etc. 管理(商业事务、企业等)b  people engaged in this 管理人员c (prec. by 前接 the)  the governing body; the board of directors or the people in charge of running a business, regarded collectively 管理部门；董事会；资方 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) Med.  the technique of treating a disease etc. 【医】(疾病等的)处理法 4  trickery; deceit 手腕；圈套；花招

management buyout n.  the purchase of at least a controlling share in a company by its directors 买下控股股份(或管理权)

manager /ˈmænidʒə/ n.  1  a person controlling or administering a business or part of a business 经理；经营者 2  a person controlling the affairs, training, etc., of a person or team in sports, entertainment, etc. (体育、娱乐业等的)经纪人(管理事务工作、训练等) 3 Brit. Parl.  a member of either House of Parliament appointed with others for some duty in which both Houses are concerned [英] [议]处理两院共同事务的委员 4  a person regarded in terms of skill in household or financial or other management 管家；善于理财的人；管理人员  a good business manager  会理财的人 □ managerial  /mæniˈdʒiəriəl/ adj.  □ managerially  /-ˈdʒiəriəli/ adv.  □ managership  n.  

manageress /ˌmænidʒəˈres, ˈmænidʒəris/ n.  a woman manager, esp. of a shop, hotel, theatre, etc. (尤商店、旅馆、剧院等)女经理；女管理人

managing /ˈmænidʒiŋ/ adj.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词) esp. Brit.  having executive control or authority [尤英]有管理权的；主管的  managing director  总裁，总经理 2 archaic  economical [古义]节约的；节俭的

manakin /ˈmænəkin/ n.  any small bird of the family Pipridae of Central and S. America, the males of which are often brightly coloured (产于中、南美洲的)侏儒鸟，小艳羽鸟 [variant of MANIKIN]

man-at-arms n. (pl. men-at-arms) archaic  a soldier, esp. when heavily armed and mounted [古义] (全身盔甲的)重骑兵

manatee /mænəˈti:, ˈmænəti:/ n.  any large aquatic plant-eating mammal (sirenian) of the genus Trichechus, with paddle-like forelimbs, no hind limbs, and a powerful tail Also called 亦称作 sea cow 海牛(大型水生食草性哺乳动物) [Spanish manati from Carib manattouï]

Manchester /ˈmæntʃistə/ n.  曼彻斯特 [英国城市]

manchineel /mæn(t)ʃiˈni:l/ n.  a W. Indian tree, Hippomane mancinella, with a poisonous and caustic milky sap and acrid apple-like fruit 毒番石榴 [French mancenille from Spanish manzanilla, diminutive of manzana ‘apple’]

Manchu /mænˈtʃu:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people in China, descended from a Tartar people, who formed the last imperial dynasty (1644 － 1911) 满族人 2  the language of the Manchus, now spoken in part of NE China 满族语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Manchu people or their language (有关)满族人的，(有关)满族语的 [Manchu, = pure]

manciple /ˈmænsip(ə)l/ n. esp. Brit.  an officer who buys provisions for a college, an Inn of Court, etc. [尤英] (学院、法律协会等的)伙食管理员(采购员) [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French from Latin mancipium ‘purchase’, via manceps ‘buyer’ from manus ‘hand’ + capere ‘take’]

Mancunian /mæŋˈkju:niən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Manchester in NW England 曼彻斯特人(居民) ●adj.  of or relating to Manchester (有关)曼彻斯特的 [Mancunium, the Latin name of Manchester]

-mancy /mænsi/ comb. form  forming nouns meaning ‘divination by’ (geomancy 泥土占卜 ; necromancy 召亡魂问卜的巫术) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“占卜”，“预言” □ -mantic  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Old French -mancie via Late Latin -mantia from Greek manteia ‘divination’]

Mandaean /mænˈdi:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Gnostic sect surviving in Iraq who worship John the Baptist 曼达派成员(指伊拉克至今犹存的诺斯替教派成员) 2  the language of this sect (曼达派所用的)阿拉米语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Mandaeans or their language (有关)曼达派成员的；(有关)阿拉米语的 [Aramaic mandaiia ‘Gnostics’ from manda ‘knowledge’]

mandala /ˈmændələ, ˈmʌn-/ n.  1  a symbolic circular figure representing the universe in various religions 曼荼罗(圆形图案，在宗教上象征宇宙) 2 Psychol.  such a symbol in a dream, representing the dreamer's search for completeness and self-unity 【心】(梦中的)自我完善及精神再生 [Sanskrit mɑˊndala ‘disc’]

mandamus /mænˈdeiməs/ n. Law  a judicial writ issued as a command to an inferior court, or ordering a person to perform a public or statutory duty 【法律】(上级法院发给下级法院等的)书面训令 [Latin, = we command]

mandarin1 /ˈmænd(ə)rin/ n.  1 (Mandarin)  the most widely spoken form of Chinese and the official language of China 中国国语，官话 2 hist.  a Chinese official in any of nine grades of the pre-Communist civil service [史义] (清朝九品官中的)官员 3  a person of importance, esp. a government official or a reactionary or secretive bureaucrat (尤指政府中的)官僚政要 4  a  a nodding Chinese figure, usu. of porcelain (通常瓷做的)摆头娃娃b  porcelain etc. decorated with Chinese figures in mandarin dress (穿中国官服的)瓷娃娃(玩偶等) □ mandarinate  n.   [Portuguese mandarim via Malay and Hindi mantrī from Sanskrit mantrin ‘counsellor’]

mandarin2 /ˈmænd(ə)rin/ n. (also 亦作 mandarine /-ri:n/) (in full 全称 mandarin orange)  1  a small flattish deep-coloured orange with a loose skin 柑橘 2  the tree, Citrus reticulata, yielding this Also called 亦称作 TANGERINE 柑橘树 [French mandarine (perhaps as MANDARIN1, with reference to the official's yellow robes)]

mandarin collar n.  a small close-fitting upright collar (紧身直立的)旗袍领

mandarin duck n.  a small Chinese duck, Aix galericulata, noted for its bright plumage 鸳鸯

mandarin sleeve n.  a wide loose sleeve (宽大的)喇叭袖

mandatary /ˈmændət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. hist.  a person or state receiving a mandate [尤史义]受委任者，被委托人；受委任统治国 [Late Latin mandatarius (as MANDATE)]

mandate n. & v. ●n. /ˈmændeit/  1  an official command or instruction by an authority 训令，命令 2  support for a policy or course of action, regarded by a victorious party, candidate, etc., as derived from the wishes of the people in an election 授权(视作出自选民意愿的在政策或行动上授予获胜政党、候选人等的权利) 3  a commission to act for another 委托进行的工作 4 Law  a commission by which a party is entrusted to perform a service, often gratuitously and with indemnity against loss by that party 【法律】委托管理 5 hist.  a commission from the League of Nations to a member state to administer a territory [史义] (国际联盟委托某国管理某地区的)委任统治(托管) 6  a papal decree or decision (教皇的)圣职授任令 ●v. tr. /mænˈdeit/  1  instruct (a delegate) to act or vote in a certain way 命令(某代表)做某事 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) hist.  commit (a territory etc.) to a mandatary [史义]把(某领地等)置于托管中 [Latin mandatum, neut. past part. of mandare ‘command’, from manus ‘hand’ + dare ‘give’: sense 2 of the noun influenced by French mandat]

mandatory /ˈmændət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or conveying a command 命令的；训令的 2  compulsory 强迫的；强制的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  = MANDATARY  □ mandatorily  adv.   [Late Latin mandatorius from Latin (as MANDATE)]

man-day  see 见 MAN-HOUR 

Mandelbrot set /ˈmænd(ə)lbrɒt/ n. Math.  a particular set of complex numbers which has a highly convoluted fractal boundary when plotted 【数】曼德尔勃特集合 [named after B.B. Mandelbrot, Polish-born American mathematician b. 1924]

mandible /ˈmændib(ə)l/ n.  1  the jaw, esp. the lower jaw in mammals and fishes (尤指哺乳动物及鱼类的)颌，腭 2  the upper or lower part of a bird's beak (鸟喙的)上(或下)部 3  either half of the crushing organ in an arthropod's mouthparts (节肢动物的)腭 □ mandibular  /-ˈdibjʊlə/ adj.  □ mandibulate  /-ˈdibjʊlət/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French mandible or Late Latin mandibula from mandere ‘chew’]

mandolin /ˈmændəlin, mændəˈlin/ n. (also 亦作 mandoline)  a musical instrument resembling a lute, having paired metal strings plucked with a plectrum 曼陀林琴 □ mandolinist  n.   [French mandoline from Italian mandolino, diminutive of mandola, an early form of mandolin]

mandorla /mænˈdɔ:lə/ n.  = VESICA 2  [Italian, = almond]

mandragora /mænˈdræɡərə/ n. hist.  the mandrake, esp. as a type of narcotic (Shakespeare's Othello III. iii. 334) [史义] (尤作一种麻醉剂)曼德拉草(源自莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》) [Old English via medieval Latin and Latin from Greek mandragoras]

mandrake /ˈmændreik/ n.  a poisonous plant, Mandragora officinarum, with white or purple flowers and large yellow fruit, having emetic and narcotic properties and possessing a root once thought to resemble the human form and to shriek when plucked 曼德拉草(根似人形) [Middle English mandrag(g)e, probably via Middle Dutch mandrag(r)e from medieval Latin (as MANDRAGORA): associated with MAN + drake ‘dragon’]

mandrel /ˈmændr(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a shaft in a lathe to which work is fixed while being turned 心轴，紧轴b  a cylindrical rod round which metal or other material is forged or shaped 芯棒 2 Brit.  a miner's pick [英] (矿工用的)鹤嘴锄，镐 [16th c.: origin unknown]

mandrill /ˈmændril/ n.  a large W. African baboon, Mandrillus sphinx, the adult of which has a brilliantly coloured face and blue-coloured buttocks 山魈 [probably from MAN + DRILL3]

manducate /ˈmændjʊkeit/ v. tr. literary  chew; eat [文学用语]嚼，吃 □ manducation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ manducatory  /-kət(ə)ri, -ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin manducare manducat- ‘chew’, via manduco ‘guzzler’ from mandere ‘chew’]

Mandy /ˈmændi/   曼迪 [人名]

mane /mein/ n.  1  a growth of long hair on the neck of a horse, lion, etc. (马、狮等)鬃毛 2 colloq.  a person's long hair [口] (人的)长发 □ maned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ maneless  adj.   [Old English manu, from Germanic]

man-eater /ˈmæni:tə/ n. colloq.  a woman who has many men as lovers [口]多情夫的女人

manes /ˈmɑ:neiz, ˈmeini:z/ n. pl.  1  the deified souls of dead ancestors 祖先的神灵 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the revered ghost of a dead person 死者的灵魂 [Middle English from Latin]

maneuver US var.  of MANOEUVRE [美] MANOEUVRE 的变体

man Friday n.  a male helper or follower 男助手；男仆人 [from Man Friday in Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe (1719)]

manful /ˈmænfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  brave; resolute 勇敢的，果断的 □ manfully  adv.  □ manfulness  n.  

mangabey /ˈmæŋɡəbei/ n.  any small long-tailed W. African monkey of the genus Cercocebus (产自西非的)白眉猴 [Mangabey, a region of Madagascar]

manganate /ˈmæŋɡənət, -neit/ n. Chem.  a salt in which the anion contains both manganese and oxygen, esp. one of the anion MnO42- 【化】锰酸盐

manganese /ˈmæŋɡəni:z/ n.  1 Chem.  a grey brittle metallic transition element used with steel to make alloys (symbol 符 Mn) 【化】(化学元素)锰 2 (in full 全称 manganese oxide)  the black mineral oxide of this used in the manufacture of glass 氧化锰 □ manganic  /-ˈɡænik/ adj.  □ manganous  /ˈmæŋɡənəs/ adj.   [French manganèse from Italian manganese, alteration of MAGNESIA]

mange /mein(d)ʒ/ n.  a skin disease in hairy and woolly animals, caused by a parasitic mite and occasionally communicated to man 兽疥癣，癞疮 [Middle English mangie, maniewe via Old French manjue, mangeue ‘itch’, from mangier manju- ‘eat’, from Latin manducare ‘chew’]

mangel /ˈmæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 mangold /ˈmæŋɡ(ə)ld/) (in full 全称 mangel-wurzel, mangold-wurzel /-ˈwɜ:z(ə)l/)  a large kind of beet, Beta vulgaris, used as cattle food (作饲料用的)甜菜 [German Mangoldwurzel, from Mangold ‘beet’ + Wurzel ‘root’]

manger /ˈmein(d)ʒə/ n.  a long open box or trough in a stable etc., for horses or cattle to eat from (马、牛厩等中的)食槽 [Middle English from Old French mangeoire, mangeure, ultimately from Latin (as MANDUCATE)]

mangetout /ˈmɒ˜ʒtu:, -ˈtu:/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -s pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a variety of pea eaten whole including the pod Also called 亦称作 snow pea, sugar snap 嫩豌豆，糖荚豌豆 [French, = eat all]

mangle1 /ˈmæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit. hist.  a machine having two or more cylinders usu. turned by a handle, between which wet clothes etc. are squeezed and pressed [尤英史义]轧布机，轧干机(带两个或多个圆筒，有把儿，可将湿衣物等压干) 2 US  a large machine for ironing usu. damp sheets etc. using heated rollers [美]熨平机(通常熨湿物等) ●v. tr.  press (clothes etc.) in a mangle 把(布等)在轧布机中轧压 [Dutch mangel (stok) from mangelen ‘to mangle’, ultimately from Greek magganon + stok ‘staff, STOCK’]

mangle2 /ˈmæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  hack, cut about, or mutilate by blows etc. 乱砍，乱切；(用拳等)乱打，弄伤 2  spoil (a quotation, text, etc.) by misquoting, mispronouncing, etc. 断章取义(引语、文章等) 3  cut roughly so as to disfigure 损毁，弄糟 □ mangler  n.   [Anglo-French ma(ha)ngler, apparently frequentative of mahaignier MAIM]

mango /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a fleshy yellowish-red fruit, eaten ripe or used green for pickles etc. 芒果(熟时食用，青时可做蜜饯等) 2 (in full 全称 mango tree)  the Indian evergreen tree, Mangifera indica, bearing this 芒果树 [Portuguese manga via Malay mangɑˉ from Tamil mɑˉnkɑˉy, from mɑˉn ‘mango tree’ + kɑˉy ‘fruit’]

mangold (also 亦作 mangold-wurzel) var.  of MANGEL MANGEL 的变体

mangonel /ˈmæŋɡən(ə)l/ n. Mil. hist.  a military engine for throwing stones etc. 【军】[史义] (可将石子等抛出的)抛石机 [Middle English via Old French mangonel(le) from medieval Latin manganellus, diminutive of Late Latin manganum, from Greek magganon]

mangosteen /ˈmæŋɡəsti:n/ n.  1  a white juicy-pulped fruit with a thick reddish-brown rind 莽吉杮，倒捻子 2  the Malaysian tree, Garcinia mangostana, bearing this 莽吉杮树，倒捻子树 [Malay manggustan]

mangrove /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ n.  any tropical tree or shrub of the genus Rhizophora, growing in shore-mud with many tangled roots above ground 红树属树木 [17th c.: origin uncertain: assimilated to GROVE]

mangy /ˈmein(d)ʒi/ adj. (mangier, mangiest)  1 (esp. of a domestic animal) having mange (尤指家畜)患疥癣的 2  squalid; shabby 污秽的；褴褛的 □ mangily  adv.  □ manginess  n.  

manhandle /ˈmænhænd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  move (heavy objects) by human effort 用人力搬动(或操作) (重物) 2 colloq.  handle (a person) roughly [口]粗暴地对待(某人)

manhattan /mænˈhæt(ə)n/ n.  a cocktail made of vermouth and a spirit (e.g. whisky) (如由苦艾酒与威士忌混合而成的)曼哈顿鸡尾酒 [Manhattan, borough of New York City]

manhole /ˈmænhəʊl/ n.  a covered opening in a floor, pavement, sewer, etc. for workmen to gain access (地面、人行道、阴沟等供人出入的)人孔；检修孔

manhood /ˈmænhʊd/ n.  1  the state of being a man rather than a child or woman (男人的)成年期 2  a  manliness; courage 男子气概；勇敢，刚毅b  a man's sexual potency (男子的)性交能力c colloq. euphem.  the penis [口] [婉]阴茎 3  the men of a country etc. (一国等的)男子 4  the state of being human 人性，人的地位

man-hour n. (also 亦作 man-day etc.)  an hour (or day etc.) regarded in terms of the amount of work that could be done by one person within this period 工时，人时(一个人一小时或一天等中完成的工作量)

manhunt /ˈmænhʌnt/ n.  an organized search for a person, esp. a criminal 追捕，搜捕(尤指犯人)

mania /ˈmeiniə/ n.  1 Psychol.  mental illness marked by periods of great excitement and violence 【心】狂躁；疯狂 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  excessive enthusiasm; an obsession 狂热；癖好  has a mania for jogging  他酷爱慢跑运动 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, = madness, from mainomai ‘be mad’: related to MIND]

-mania /ˈmeiniə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1 Psychol.  denoting a special type of mental abnormality or obsession (megalomania 夸大狂 ; nymphomania 慕男狂) 【心】…狂 2  denoting extreme enthusiasm or admiration (bibliomania 集书狂；藏书癖 ; Anglomania 英国狂) 狂热，癖好

maniac /ˈmeiniæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 colloq.  a person exhibiting extreme symptoms of wild behaviour etc.; a madman [口] (由狂热行为等所表现的)躁狂者；疯子 2 colloq.  an obsessive enthusiast [口]入迷的人，有癖者 3 Psychol. archaic  a person suffering from mania 【心】[古义]躁狂者 ●adj.  of or behaving like a maniac 躁狂的；疯狂的 □ maniacal  /məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ maniacally  /məˈnaiək(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin maniacus from late Greek maniakos (as MANIA)]

-maniac /ˈmeiniæk/ comb. form  forming adjectives and nouns meaning ‘affected with -mania’ or ‘a person affected with -mania’ (nymphomaniac 慕男狂患者) [构词成分]构成形容词和名词，表示“迷”；“…狂”；“有…癖者”

manic /ˈmænik/ adj.  of or affected by mania 躁狂的；狂暴的，疯狂的 □ manically  adv.  

manic-depressive adj. & n. Psychol. 【心】  ●adj.  affected by or relating to a mental disorder with alternating periods of elation and depression 患躁狂抑郁症的；与躁狂抑郁症有关的 ●n.  a person having such a disorder 躁狂抑郁症患者 □ manic depression  n.  

Manichaean /mæniˈki:ən/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Manichean) ●n.  1  an adherent of a religious system of the 3rd － 5th c., representing Satan in a state of everlasting conflict with God 摩尼教徒 2 Theol. & Philos.  a dualist (see 见 DUALISM 2, 3a) 【神】【哲】二元论者 ●adj.  of or relating to Manichaeans (有关)摩尼教徒的 □ Manichaeism  /-ˈki:iz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Manicheism)   [Late Latin Manichaeus from late Greek Manikhaios, from Manes or Manichaeus, the name of the Persian founder of the sect]

Manichee /mæniˈki:/ n.  = MANICHAEANn. 

manicure /ˈmænikjʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. professional cosmetic treatment of the hands and fingernails (通常指专业的)修指甲 2  = MANICURIST  ●v. tr.  apply a manicure to (the hands or a person) 修(指甲)；修(某人)指甲 [French, from Latin manus ‘hand’ + cura ‘care’]

manicurist /ˈmænikjʊərist/ n.  a person who manicures hands and fingernails professionally 修指甲师

manifest1 /ˈmænifest/ adj. & v. ●adj.  clear or obvious to the eye or mind 明了的，显然的  his distress was manifest  他的苦恼显而易见 ●v.  1 tr.  display or show (a quality, feeling, etc.) by one's acts etc. (由某人举动等)表露(品质、感情等) 2 tr.  show plainly to the eye or mind 展现；展示 3 tr.  be evidence of; prove 表明；证明 4 intr. & refl. (of a thing) reveal itself (事物)显露 5 intr. (of a ghost) appear (鬼)出现 □ manifestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ manifestly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French manifeste (adj.), manifester (v.) or Latin manifestus, manifestare, from manus ‘hand’ + festus (recorded in compounds) ‘struck’]

manifest2 /ˈmænifest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cargo-list for the use of customs officers (海关官员用的)货物清单 2  a list of passengers in an aircraft or of trucks etc. in a goods train (飞机的)乘客名单；(货车的)货物清单 ●v. tr.  record (names, cargo, etc.) in a manifest 把(名称、货物等)记在货单上 [Italian manifesto: see MANIFESTO]

manifesto /mæniˈfestəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit.  a public declaration of policy and aims, esp. one issued before an election by a political party, candidate, government, etc. [英] (尤指政党、候选人、政府等在选举前的)宣言；声明，政纲 [Italian from manifestare, from Latin (as MANIFEST1)]

manifold /ˈmænifəʊld/ adj. & n. ●adj. literary [文学用语]  1  many and various 许多的；多样的  manifold vexations  多种烦恼 2  having various forms, parts, applications, etc. 多种形式的；多组成部分的(多种用途的等) 3  performing several functions at once 多功能的 ●n.  1  a thing with many different forms, parts, applications, etc. 多形式的(多部分的、多用途等的)东西 2 Mech.  a pipe or chamber branching into several openings 【机】多支管，歧管 □ manifoldly  adv.  □ manifoldness  n.   [Old English manigfeald (as MANY, -FOLD)]

manikin /ˈmænikin/ n. (also 亦作 mannikin)  1  a little man; a dwarf 矮子；侏儒 2  an artist's lay figure (艺术家的)人体模特 3  an anatomical model of the body (解剖用的)人体模型 4 (usu. 通常作 mannikin)  any small finchlike bird of the genus Lonchura, native to Africa and Australasia (生长在非洲及澳大利西亚的)侏儒鸟 [Dutch manneken, diminutive of man MAN]

Manila /məˈnilə/ n. (also 亦作 Manilla)  1  a cigar or cheroot made in Manila 吕宋(方头)雪茄 2 (in full 全称 Manila hemp)  the strong fibre of a Philippine plant, Musa textilis, used for rope etc. 马尼拉麻(可用作绳等) 3 (also 亦作 manila)  a strong brown paper made from Manila hemp or other material and used for wrapping paper, envelopes, etc. 马尼拉纸(可用作包装纸、信封等) [Manila, capital and chief port of the Philippines]

manilla /məˈnilə/ n.  a metal bracelet used by some African peoples as a medium of exchange 金属手镯 [Spanish, probably a diminutive of mano ‘hand’, from Latin manus]

manille /məˈnil/ n. Cards  the second-best trump or honour in ombre or quadrille 【牌戏】第二大王牌 [French, via Spanish malilla, diminutive of mala ‘bad’, from Latin malus]

man in the moon n.  the fancied semblance of a face seen on the surface of a full moon 月中人；幻想中的人

man in the street n. (also US [亦美] man on the street)  an ordinary average person, as distinct from an expert 普通人，常人，平民

manioc /ˈmæniɒk/ n.  1  cassava 木薯属植物 2  the flour made from it 木薯粉 [Tupi mandioca]

maniple /ˈmænip(ə)l/ n.  1 Rom. Hist.  a subdivision of a legion, containing 120 or 60 men [罗马]【史】步兵中队 (120 或 60 人) 2  a Eucharistic vestment consisting of a strip hanging from the left arm (从左臂下垂的)弥撒饰带 [Old French maniple or Latin manipulus ‘handful, troop’ from manus ‘hand’]

manipulate /məˈnipjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  handle, treat, or use, esp. skilfully (a tool, question, material, etc.) (对工具、问题、材料等尤指熟练地)使用；操作；处理 2  manage (a person, situation, etc.) to one's own advantage, esp. unfairly or unscrupulously (对人、局面等尤指不正当、不择手段地)操纵；控制；摆布 3  manually examine and treat (a part of the body) (用手)检查(或治疗) (身体某部位) 4 Computing  alter, edit, or move (text, data, etc.) 【计算】改变；编辑；移动(文件，数据等) 5  sexually stimulate (the genitals) 刺激(生殖器) □ manipulable  /-ləb(ə)l/ adj.  □ manipulability  /-ləˈbiliti/ n.  □ manipulatable  adj.  □ manipulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ manipulator  n.  □ manipulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [back-formation from manipulation, via French from modern Latin manipulatio (as MANIPLE), influenced by French manipuler]

manipulative /məˈnipjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  characterized by unscrupulous exploitation of a situation, person, etc., for one's own ends (为了自身利益，而对形势、某人等)利用他人的；摆布的；控制的 2  of or concerning manipulation (有关)使用的；(有关)操作的；(有关)处理的 □ manipulatively  adv.  □ manipulativeness  n.  

Manit. abbr.  Manitoba [缩略] (加拿大)马尼托巴省

manitou /ˈmænitu:/ n. among some N. American Indians 某些北美印第安人之中 :  1  a good or evil spirit as an object of reverence 自然神 2  something regarded as having supernatural power 有超自然力的事物 [Algonquian manito, -tu ‘he has surpassed’]

mankind n.  1 /mænˈkaind/  the human species 人类 2 /ˈmænkaind/  male people, as distinct from female 男人；男性■Usage 用法说明 Some people consider the use of mankind in sense 1 as sexist and prefer where possible to use humankind or the human race instead. 有些人认为 mankind 的释义 1 含性别歧视，如可能，倾向使用 humankind 或 the human race 。 

manky /ˈmæŋki/ adj. (mankier, mankiest) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  bad, inferior, defective 坏的；次的；有缺陷的 2  dirty 肮脏的 [probably via obsolete mank ‘mutilated, defective’ and Old French manque from Latin mancus ‘maimed’]

manlike /ˈmænlaik/ adj.  1  having the qualities of a man 有男人气质的 2 (of a woman) mannish (女人)像男人的 3 (of an animal, shape, etc.) resembling a human being (动物、形状等)像人的

manly /ˈmænli/ adj. (manlier, manliest)  1  having good qualities associated with men, such as courage, frankness, etc. (勇气、坦诚等方面)有男人气概的 2 (of a woman) mannish (女人)像男人似的 3 (of things, qualities, etc.) befitting a man (事物、性质等)适合于男人的 □ manliness  n.  

man-made adj. (esp. of a textile fibre) made by man, artificial, synthetic (尤指织物)人造的

manna /ˈmænə/ n.  1  the substance miraculously supplied as food to the Israelites in the wilderness (Exod. 16) 吗哪(在荒野天赐以色列人的食物，见《出埃及记》 16) 2  an unexpected benefit (esp. 尤作 manna from heaven 天赐之物) 意外收获 3  spiritual nourishment, esp. the Eucharist 精神食粮(尤指圣餐) 4  the sweet dried juice from the manna-ash and other plants, used as a mild laxative (作缓泻剂用的)甘露(指花白蜡树分泌的含糖凝结物) [Old English via Late Latin and Greek from Aramaic mannɑˉ, from Hebrew mɑˉn, explained as = mɑˉn hū? ‘what is it?’, but probably = Arabic mann, an exudation of common tamarisk (Tamarix gallica)]

manna-ash n.  an ash tree native to S. Europe, Fraxinus ornus (生长在南部欧洲的)花白蜡树

manned /mænd/ adj. (of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc.) having a human crew (飞机、飞船等)由人操控的，载人的 [past part. of MAN]

mannequin /ˈmænikin, -kwin/ n.  1  a model employed by a dressmaker etc. to show clothes to customers (裁缝等雇用的)人体模型 2  a window dummy (橱窗里的)服装模型 [French, = MANIKIN]

manner /ˈmænə/ n.  1  a way a thing is done or happens 方法；做法  always dresses in that manner  总是那种装束 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  social behaviour 举止；风度  it is bad manners to stare  盯着看人是不雅的b  polite or well-bred behaviour 礼貌；规矩  he has no manners  他没有礼貌c  modes of life; conditions of society 生活方式；风俗 3  a person's outward bearing, way of speaking, etc. 外表举止；(说话等的)姿态  has an imperious manner  带有傲慢的姿态 4  a  a style in literature, art, etc. (文学、艺术等的)风格；手法  in the manner of Rembrandt  有伦勃朗风格的b  = MANNERISM 2a  5 archaic  a kind or sort [古义]种类  what manner of man is he?  他是哪一种人？ □ all manner of   many different kinds of 各种各样□ by all (or no) manner of means   see 见 MEANS □ in a manner of speaking   in some sense; to some extent; so to speak 在某种意义上说；在一定程度上；可以说□ to the manner born   1 colloq.  naturally at ease in a specified job, situation, etc. [口]天生适于某种职业(环境等) 2  destined by birth to follow a custom or way of life (Shakespeare's Hamlet I. iv. 17) 生来适合某种生活(莎剧《哈姆雷特》)□ mannerless  adj. (in sense 2b of n. 用于名词释义 2b)   [Middle English from Anglo-French manere, Old French maniere, ultimately via Latin manuarius ‘of the hand’ from manus ‘hand’]

mannered /ˈmænəd/ adj.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  behaving in a specified way 态度…的；举止…的  ill-mannered  无礼的 well-mannered  有礼貌的 2 (of a style, artist, writer, etc.) showing idiosyncratic mannerisms (风格、艺术家、作家等)有独特风格的 3 (of a person) eccentrically affected in behaviour (人)矫揉造作的

mannerism /ˈmænəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a habitual gesture or way of speaking etc.; an idiosyncrasy (举止、说话等)特殊习惯；癖好 2  a  excessive use of a distinctive style in art or literature (艺术、文学上)过分使用某一手法(或风格)b  a stylistic trick 技巧，窍门 3  a style of Italian art preceding the Baroque, characterized by lengthened figures (先于巴罗克风格的意大利)风格主义，矫饰主义 □ mannerist  n.  □ manneristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ manneristical  /-ˈristik(ə)l/ adj.  □ manneristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.  

mannerly /ˈmænəli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  well-mannered; polite 有礼貌的；举止文雅的 ●adv.  politely 有礼貌地 □ mannerliness  n.  

mannikin var.  of MANIKIN  MANIKIN 的变体

mannish /ˈmæniʃ/ adj.  1 usu. derog. (of a woman) masculine in appearance or manner [通常贬] (女人)有男人模样的；有男子举止的 2  characteristic of a man 有男子特征的 □ mannishly  adv.  □ mannishness  n.   [Old English mennisc (as MAN, -ISH1)]

manoeuvre /məˈnu:və/ n. & v. (US [美] maneuver) ●n.  1  a planned and controlled movement or series of moves 有计划的行动；部署；调动 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a large-scale exercise of troops, warships, etc. (部队、舰艇等)大规模军事演习 3  a  an often deceptive planned or controlled action designed to gain an objective 策略；花招b  a skilful plan 周密的计划 ●v. (-ring)  1 intr. & tr.  perform or cause to perform a manoeuvre (使)调动；(使)部署  manoeuvred the car into the space  把汽车移动到位 2 intr. & tr.  perform or cause (troops etc.) to perform military manoeuvres (使)调遣(军队等)进行演习 3  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out, away)  force, drive, or manipulate (a person, thing, etc.) by scheming or adroitness 巧妙(熟练)地迫使(驱使、操纵) (某人或某物等)b intr.  use artifice 用计谋 □ manoeuvrable  adj.  □ manoeuvrability  /-vrəˈbiliti/ n.  □ manoeuvrer  n.   [French manœuvre, manœuvrer via medieval Latin manuoperare from Latin manus ‘hand’ + operari ‘to work’]

man of God n.  1  a clergyman 牧师，神父 2  a male saint 先知，圣徒

man of honour n.  a man whose word can be trusted 君子；有诚信的人

man of letters n.  a scholar or author 学者；作家

man of sense n. (fem. woman of sense)  a sagacious person 聪明人；有头脑的人；通情达理的人

man of straw n.  1  an insubstantial person; an imaginary person set up as an opponent 幻想中人；假想之敌 2  a stuffed effigy 稻草人 3  a person undertaking a financial commitment without adequate means 无可靠财力支撑的人 4  a sham argument set up to be defeated 虚假的论点

man of the cloth n.  a clergyman 牧师，神职人员

man of the house n.  the male head of a household 男当家人，男户主

man of the moment n.  a man of importance at a particular time 当今要人

man of the world  see 见 WORLD 

man-of-war n. (pl. men-of-war)  1 esp. hist.  an armed ship, esp. of a specified country [尤史义] (尤指某特定国家的)军舰 2  a frigate bird 军舰鸟

manometer /məˈnɒmitə/ n.  a pressure gauge for gases and liquids 气压计；流体压力计 □ manometric  /mænəˈmetrik/ adj.   [French manomètre from Greek manos ‘thin’]

man on the street US var.  of MAN IN THE STREET [美] MAN IN THE STREET 的变体

ma non troppo  see 见 TROPPO1 

manor /ˈmænə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 manor house)  a  a large country house with lands 大庄园b  the house of the lord of the manor 庄园主宅第 2 Brit. [英]  a  a unit of land consisting of a lord's demesne and lands rented to tenants etc. (包括庄园主领地及出租给佃户等的土地的)大宗地产b hist.  a feudal lordship over lands [史义]封建领地 3 Brit. colloq.  the district covered by a police station [英口]警察管辖区 □ manorial  /məˈnɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French maner, Old French maneir ‘dwelling’, from Latin manēre ‘remain’]

manpower /ˈmænpaʊə/ n.  1  the power generated by a man working 人力 2  the number of people available or required for work, service, etc. (工作、服务业等所需的)劳动力

manqué /ˈmɒŋkei/ adj. (placed after noun 置于名词后)  that might have been but is not; unfulfilled 愿望未能实现的；没有成功的  a comic actor manqué  未成功的喜剧演员 [French, past part. of manquer ‘lack’]

mansard /ˈmænsɑ:d, -səd/ n.  a roof which has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down 复折式屋顶(下部比上部陡) [French mansarde, named after F. Mansart, French architect d. 1666]

manse /mæns/ n.  the house of a minister, esp. a Scottish Presbyterian (尤指苏格兰长老教会的)牧师住宅 □ son (or daughter) of the manse   the child of a Presbyterian etc. minister 牧师之子(女) [Middle English from medieval Latin mansus ‘house’, from manēre mans- ‘remain’]

manservant /ˈmænsɜ:v(ə)nt/ n. (pl. menservants)  a male servant 男佣人

-manship /mənʃip/ suffix  forming nouns denoting skill in a subject or activity (craftsmanship 技艺 ; gamesmanship 花招) 构成名词，表示“技艺；技术；计谋”

mansion /ˈmænʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a large house 宅第；公馆 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  a large building divided into flats [英]公寓大厦 [Middle English via Old French from Latin mansio -onis ‘a staying’ (as MANSE)]

Mansion House n.  the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London 伦敦市长官邸

mansion house n. Brit.  the house of a lord mayor or a landed proprietor [英]公馆；宅第

man-size adj. (also 亦作 man-sized)  1  of the size of a man; very large 大人尺寸的；大型的；大号的 2  big enough for a man 适合男人的

manslaughter /ˈmænslɔ:tə/ n.  1  the killing of a human being 杀人 2 Law  the unlawful killing of a human being without malice aforethought 【法律】过失杀人

mansuetude /ˈmænswitju:d/ n. archaic  meekness, docility, gentleness [古义]温柔，柔顺；温和 [Middle English via Old French mansuetude or Latin mansuetudo from mansuetus ‘gentle, tame’, from manus ‘hand’ + suetus ‘accustomed’]

manta /ˈmæntə/ n.  a large plankton-eating ray of the family Mobulidae, esp. Manta birostris, having winglike pectoral fins and a whip-like tail 毯魟(尤指双吻前口蝠鲼) [Latin American Spanish, = large blanket]

mantel /ˈmænt(ə)l/ n.  1  = MANTELPIECE 1  2  = MANTELSHELF  [variant of MANTLE]

mantelet /ˈmænt(ə)lit/ n. (also 亦作 mantlet /ˈmæntlit/)  1 hist.  a woman's short loose sleeveless mantle [史义] (女用)短斗篷 2  a bulletproof screen for gunners 防弹盾 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of mantel MANTLE]

mantelpiece /ˈmænt(ə)lpi:s/ n.  1  a structure of wood, marble, etc. above and around a fireplace (木制、大理石等的)壁炉架 2  = MANTELSHELF 

mantelshelf /ˈmænt(ə)lʃelf/ n.  a shelf above a fireplace 壁炉台

mantic /ˈmæntik/ adj. formal  of or concerning divination or prophecy [正式] (有关)占卜的；(有关)预言的 [Greek mantikos from mantis ‘prophet’]

mantid /ˈmæntid/ n.  = MANTIS 

mantilla /mænˈtilə/ n.  a lace scarf worn by Spanish women over the hair and shoulders (西班牙妇女用的)花边披肩头巾 [Spanish, diminutive of manta MANTLE]

mantis /ˈmæntis/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or mantises)  any slender predatory insect of the family Mantidae, which waits for prey with its forelegs raised and folded like hands in prayer, esp. Mantis religiosa of S. Europe Also called 亦称作 praying mantis (尤指南欧的)螳螂 [Greek, = prophet]

mantissa /mænˈtisə/ n.  the part of a logarithm after the decimal point 尾数 [Latin, = makeweight]

mantle /ˈmænt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loose sleeveless cloak, esp. of a woman (尤指妇女的)小披风；短斗篷 2  a covering 一层(覆盖物)  a mantle of snow  一层雪 3  responsibility or authority, esp. as passing from one person to another (see 见 2 Kings 2:13) (尤指从一人传给另一人的)责任；权利 4  a fragile lacelike tube fixed round a gas jet to give an incandescent light (煤气灯的)白炽罩 5  an outer fold of skin enclosing a mollusc's viscera and secreting the shell (软体动物的)套膜 6  a bird's back, scapulars, and wing coverts, esp. if of a distinctive colour (尤指特殊色彩鸟的)翕 7  the region between the crust and the core of the earth 地幔 ●v.  1 tr.  clothe in or as if in a mantle; cover, conceal, envelop 覆盖；遮盖；掩藏；罩住 2 intr.  a (of the blood) suffuse the cheeks (血液)涌上面颊b (of the face) glow with a blush (脸)涨红；发红 3 intr. (of a liquid) become covered with a coating or scum (液体)表面结皮；被泡沫覆盖 [Middle English via Old French from Latin mantellum ‘cloak’]

mantlet var.  of MANTELET  MANTELET 的变体

mantling /ˈmæntliŋ/ n. Heraldry 【纹章学】  1  ornamental drapery etc. behind and around a shield 盾后及盾环垂饰(彩饰等) 2  a representation of this 盾后及盾环垂饰图画 [MANTLE + -ING1]

mantra /ˈmæntrə/ n.  1  a word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation, originally in Hinduism and Buddhism (印度教及大乘佛教的)曼特罗；祷文；符咒 2  a Vedic hymn (吠陀梵文的)圣歌 [Sanskrit, = instrument of thought, from man ‘think’]

mantrap /ˈmæntræp/ n.  a trap for catching people, esp. trespassers 捕人(尤指入侵者)陷阱

mantua /ˈmæntjʊə/ n. hist.  a woman's loose gown of the 17th － 18th c. [史义] (17 至 18 世纪时)女用斗篷；披风；长外衣 [corruption of manteau (French, as MANTLE) influenced by Mantua, the name of a city in Italy]

manual /ˈmænjʊ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or done with the hands 手的；手工的  manual labour  体力劳动 2 (of a machine etc.) worked by hand, not automatically (机器等)手动的；手工操作的 ●n.  1  a  a book of instructions, esp. for operating a machine or learning a subject; a handbook (尤指操纵机器、学习科目用的)手册；便览；指南  a computer manual  计算机使用说明书b  any small book 小册子 2  an organ keyboard played with the hands not the feet (风琴的)键盘 3 colloq.  a vehicle with manual transmission [口]手动档汽车 4 Mil.  an exercise in handling a rifle etc. 【军】(步枪等的)操作法 5 hist.  a book of the forms to be used by priests in the administration of the sacraments [史义] (牧师用的)礼仪书 □ manually  adv.   [Middle English from Old French manuel, from (and later assimilated to) Latin manualis, from manus ‘hand’]

manual alphabet n.  = FINGER ALPHABET 

manufactory /mænjʊˈfækt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic [古义]  = FACTORY  [MANUFACTURE, on the pattern of factory]

manufacture /mænjʊˈfæktʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the making of articles, esp. in a factory etc. (尤指工厂等的)制造b  a branch of industry 制造业  woollen manufacture  毛纺业 2 esp. derog.  the merely mechanical production of literature, art, etc. [尤贬] (文学、艺术等的)粗制滥造的作品 ●v. tr.  1  make (articles), esp. on an industrial scale (尤指成批量)制造(物件) 2  invent or fabricate (evidence, a story, etc.) 编造；捏造(证词、故事等) 3 esp. derog.  make or produce (literature, art, etc.) in a mechanical way [尤贬]粗制滥造(文学、艺术作品等) □ manufacturable  adj.  □ manufacturability  /-tʃ(ə)rəˈbiliti/ n.  □ manufacturer  n.   [French, from Italian manifattura & Latin manufactum ‘made by hand’]

manuka /ˈmɑ:nʊkə, mæˈnu:kə/ n. esp. NZ  a small tree, Leptospermum scoparium, with aromatic leaves and hard timber [尤新]麦卢卡树 [Maori]

manumit /mænjʊˈmit/ v. tr. (manumitted, manumitting) hist.  set (a slave) free [史义]解放(奴隶) □ manumission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin manumittere, literally ‘send forth from the hand’, from manus ‘hand’ + emittere ‘send forth’]

manure /məˈnjʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  animal dung, esp. Brit. of horses, used for fertilizing land 肥料；[尤英] (马)粪肥 2  any compost or artificial fertilizer 混合肥料；化肥 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  apply manure to (land etc.) (给土地等)施肥 [originally = to occupy, manage, or cultivate land: Middle English from Anglo-French mainoverer = Old French manouvrer MANOEUVRE]

manuscript /ˈmænjʊskript/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a book, document, etc. written by hand (书籍、文件等)手写本；手稿 2  an author's handwritten or typed text, submitted for publication 原稿；打字稿 3  handwritten form 手写形式  produced in manuscript  以手写稿形式提供的 ●adj.  written by hand 手写的 [medieval Latin manuscriptus, from manu ‘by hand’ + scriptus, past part. of scribere ‘write’]

manuscript paper n.  paper printed with staves for writing music on 五线谱纸

Manx /mæŋks/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Isle of Man (有关)马恩岛的 ●n.  1 hist.  the now extinct Celtic language formerly spoken in the Isle of Man [史义]马恩语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the Manx people 马恩岛人 [Old Norse from Old Irish Manu ‘Isle of Man’]

Manx cat n.  a cat of a breed having no tail or an extremely short one 马恩岛猫(一种无尾或极短尾家猫)

Manxman /ˈmæŋksmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Manxwoman, pl. -women)  a native of the Isle of Man 马恩岛人

Manx shearwater n.  a brownish-black and white shearwater, Puffinus puffinus, of Atlantic and Mediterranean waters 普通鹱

many /ˈmeni/ det. & pron. (more /mɔ:/; most /məʊst/) ●det. (used with countable nouns 与可数名词连用)  great in number; numerous 多的；许多的  many times  多次 many good people  许多好人 many a person  许多人 his reasons were many  他的理由很多 ●pron. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  1  a large number 许多(人或物)  many like skiing  许多人喜欢滑雪 many went  许多人去 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the majority of people 多数人；大多数 □ a good (or great) many   a large number 许多的；大量的□ as many   the same number of 一样多的；同样数目的  six mistakes in as many lines  6 行中 6 个错□ as many again   the same number additionally 再同样多的  sixty here and as many again there  这里有 60 个，那里还有 60 个□ be too (or one too) many for   outwit, baffle 强于，胜过□ have one too many   become drunk 多喝的一杯，使人醉倒的一杯□ many's the time   often 经常  many's the time we saw it  我们看到了多次□ many a time   many times 多次 [Old English manig, ultimately from Germanic]

manyfold /ˈmenifəʊld/ adv.  by many times 成倍地

many-sided adj.  having many sides, aspects, interests, capabilities, etc. 多方面的；多兴趣的(多才多艺的等) □ many-sidedness  n.  

manzanilla /mænzəˈnilə, -ˈni:ljə/ n.  a pale very dry Spanish sherry 西班牙雪利酒 [Spanish, literally ‘camomile’]

manzanita /mænzəˈni:tə/ n.  any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arctostaphylos, esp. A. manzanita, native to California (尤指美国加利福尼亚)熊果树 [Spanish, diminutive of manzana ‘apple’]

manège /mæˈneiʒ/ n. (also 亦作 manege)  1  a riding school 马术学校 2  the movements of a trained horse (受过训练的马的)马步 3  horsemanship 骑马术 [French manège from Italian (as MANAGE)]

Maoism /ˈmaʊiz(ə)m/ n.  the Communist doctrines of Mao Zedong (d. 1976), Chinese statesman 毛泽东思想(毛泽东的共产主义理论) □ Maoist  n. & adj.  

Maori /ˈmaʊri, ˈmɑ:(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Maoris)  1  a member of the Polynesian aboriginal people of New Zealand 毛利人(新西兰玻利尼西亚土著) 2  the language of the Maori 毛利语 ●adj.  of or concerning the Maori or their language (有关)毛利人的；(有关)毛利语的 [native name]

map /mæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a usu. flat representation of the earth's surface, or part of it, showing physical features, cities, etc. (通常为平的)地图(表示自然地形、城市等)b  a diagrammatic representation of a route etc. 线路图(等)  drew a map of the journey  画一张旅行线路图 2  a two-dimensional representation of the stars, the heavens, etc., or of the surface of a planet, the moon, etc. (星辰、天空等)天体图；(行星、月亮等的)图 3  a diagram showing the arrangement or components of a thing, esp. Biol. of the sequence of genes on a chromosome or of bases in a DNA or RNA molecule 图谱；(尤)【生】基因染色体图谱 4 slang  the face [俚语]脸 ●v. tr. (mapped, mapping)  1  represent (a country etc.) on a map 把(某国等)绘制在地图上 2 Math.  associate each element of (a set) with an element of another set 【数】映射(集合) □ map out   arrange in detail; plan (a course of conduct etc.) 详细安排；筹划(实施过程等)□ off the map  colloq. [口]  1  of no account; obsolete 不重要的；废弃的 2  very distant 偏远的□ on the map  colloq.  prominent, important [口]突出的；重要的□ wipe off the map  colloq.  obliterate [口]使被遗忘□ mapless  adj.  □ mappable  adj.  □ mapper  n.   [medieval Latin mappa mundi, literally ‘sheet of the world’, from Latin mappa ‘napkin’ + mundi, genitive of mundus ‘world’]

maple /ˈmeip(ə)l/ n.  1 (also 亦作 maple tree)  any tree or shrub of the genus Acer grown for shade, ornament, wood, or its sugar 槭树(枫树) (用于遮阴、装饰、木材及制糖) 2  the wood of the maple 槭木 [Middle English mapul etc. from Old English mapeltrēow, mapulder]

maple leaf n.  the leaf of the maple, used as an emblem of Canada 枫叶(加拿大国徽)

maple sugar n.  a sugar produced by evaporating the sap of the sugar maple etc. 槭糖(蒸发槭树等的汁液而成)

maple syrup n.  a syrup produced from the sap of the sugar maple etc. 槭树汁，槭糖浆(由槭树等汁液制成)

map-maker n.  a person who makes maps; a cartographer 地图绘制员；图表绘制员 □ map-making  n.  

map-read v. intr. (esp. as 尤作 map-reading n.)  consult and interpret a map 查地图；看地图 □ map-reader  n.  

map reference n.  a set of numbers and letters specifying a location as represented on a map (在地图上用数字和字母表示的)地图网格，地图基准

maquette /mæˈket/ n.  1  a sculptor's small preliminary model in wax, clay, etc. (用蜡、泥等做的)设计模型 2  a preliminary sketch 草图 [French from Italian machietta, diminutive of macchia ‘spot’]

maquillage /mæki:ˈjɑ:ʒ, 法 makijaʒ/ n.  1  make-up; cosmetics 化妆品，美容品 2  the application of make-up 化妆 [French from maquiller ‘make up’, from Old French masquiller ‘stain’]

Maquis /mæˈki:, ˈmɑ:ki:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the French resistance movement during the German occupation (1940 － 45) (1940 年至 1945 年期间的)法国抗德运动 2  a member of this 法国抗德游击队队员 [French, = brushwood, from Corsican Italian macchia ‘thicket’]

Mar. abbr. [缩略]  March 

mar /mɑ:/ v. tr. (marred, marring)  1  impair the perfection of; spoil; disfigure 损坏；玷污；损毁…的外形 2 archaic  ruin [古义]毁坏 [Old English merran ‘hinder’]

marabou /ˈmærəbu:/ n. (also 亦作 marabout)  1  a large W. African stork, Leptoptilos crumeniferus (西非)秃鹳 2  a tuft of down from the wing or tail of the marabou used as a trimming for hats etc. 秃鹳的羽毛(用作帽子等装饰) [French from Arabic murɑˉbit ‘holy man’ (see MARABOUT), the stork being regarded as holy]

marabout /ˈmærəbu:t/ n.  1  a Muslim hermit or monk, esp. in N. Africa (北非)伊斯兰隐士(修道士) 2  a shrine marking a marabout's burial place 伊斯兰隐士(修道士)的墓龛 3 var.  of MARABOU MARABOU 的变体 [French via Portuguese marabuto from Arabic murɑˉbit ‘holy man’, from ribɑˉt ‘frontier station’, where merit could be acquired by combat against the infidel]

maraca /məˈrækə/ n.  a hollow clublike gourd or gourd-shaped container filled with beans etc. and usu. shaken in pairs as a percussion instrument in Latin American music (拉丁美洲音乐里的)响葫芦；沙球(内装豆等，通常成对摇动) [Portuguese maracɑˊ, probably from Tupi]

maraschino /mærəˈski:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a strong sweet liqueur made from small black Dalmatian cherries 黑樱桃酒 [Italian, from marasca, the name of the cherry, via amaro ‘bitter’ from Latin amarus]

maraschino cherry n.  a cherry preserved in maraschino or maraschino-flavoured syrup and used to decorate cocktails etc. 酒浸樱桃(用作鸡尾酒等装饰物)

marasmus /məˈræzməs/ n.  a wasting away of the body 消瘦；衰弱 □ marasmic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek marasmos, from marainō ‘wither’]

Maratha /məˈrɑ:tə, -ˈrætə/ n. (also 亦作 Mahratta)  a member of a warrior people native to the modern Indian state of Maharashtra (印度马哈拉施特拉邦的)马拉地人 [Hindi Marhatta from Sanskrit Mɑˉhɑˉrɑˉshtra ‘great kingdom’]

Marathi /məˈrɑ:ti, -ˈræti/ n. (also 亦作 Mahratti)  the Indic language of the Marathas 马拉地语 [MARATHA]

marathon /ˈmærəθ(ə)n/ n.  1  a long-distance running race, usu. of 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km) 马拉松长跑(通常 42.195 公里) 2  a long-lasting or difficult task, operation, etc. (任务、行动等)持久的活动 often 常作 attrib.: a marathon shopping expedition  马拉松式的购物行动 □ marathoner  n.   [Marathon in Greece, scene of a victory over the Persians in 490 BC: later traditions tell of a messenger supposed to have run to Athens with the news]

maraud /məˈrɔ:d/ v.  1 intr.  a  make a plundering raid 掠夺；抢掠b  pilfer systematically; plunder 有计划地偷窃；劫掠 2 tr.  plunder (a place) 对(一个地方)掠夺，劫掠 □ marauder  n.   [French marauder from maraud ‘rogue’]

marble /ˈmɑ:b(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  limestone in a metamorphic crystalline (or granular) state, and capable of taking a polish, used in sculpture and architecture 大理石 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  anything made of marble 大理石制品  a marble clock  大理石钟b  anything resembling marble in hardness, coldness, durability, etc. (硬度、冷度、耐用性等)似大理石的  her features were marble  她的相貌冷酷无情 3  a  a small ball of marble, glass, clay, etc., used as a toy (大理石、玻璃、黏土做成的)弹球b (in pl. 用复数 ; treated as sing. 看作单数)  a game using these 弹球游戏 4 (in pl. 用复数) slang  one's mental faculties [俚语]理智  he's lost his marbles  他失去了理智 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a collection of sculptures 大理石雕塑  Elgin Marbles  埃尔金大理石雕 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 marbled adj.)  stain or colour (paper, the edges of a book, soap, etc.) to look like variegated marble (纸、书和肥皂等的边缘)像大理石花纹(的) 2 (as 作 marbled adj.) (of meat) streaked with alternating layers of lean and fat (肉)肥瘦相间(的) □ marbly  adj.   [Middle English via Old French marbre, marble and Latin marmor from Greek marmaros ‘shining stone’]

marble cake n.  a cake with a mottled appearance, made of light and dark sponge 大理石纹奶油蛋糕

marbled white n.  a whitish butterfly with black markings, Melanargia galathea 黑斑白蝶

marbling /ˈmɑ:bliŋ/ n.  1  colouring or marking like marble 大理石颜色；大理石花纹 2  streaks of fat in lean meat 肥瘦肉相间

marc /mɑ:k/ n.  1  the refuse of pressed grapes etc. (葡萄等压榨后的)残渣 2  a brandy made from this (葡萄等)渣酿白兰地酒 [French from marcher ‘tread, MARCH1’]

Marcan /ˈmɑ:k(ə)n/ adj.  of or relating to St Mark (有关) (《马可福音》作者)马可的 [Latin Marcus ‘Mark’]

marcasite /ˈmɑ:kəsait, -zi:t/ n.  a bronze-yellow crystalline iron sulphide mineral, used as a semi-precious stone 白铁矿石 [Middle English via medieval Latin marcasita and Arabic markašītɑˉ from Persian]

marcato /mɑ:ˈkɑ:təʊ/ adv. & adj. Mus.  played with emphasis 【音】加强地(的)；突出地(的) [Italian, = marked]

marcel /mɑ:ˈsel/ n. & v. hist. [史义] ●n. (in full 全称 marcel wave)  a deep artificial wave in the hair 波浪发型 ●v. tr. (marcelled, marcelling)  wave (hair) with a deep wave 把(头发)烫成波浪型 [named after Marcel Grateau, Paris hairdresser d. 1936, who invented the method]

marcescent /mɑ:ˈses(ə)nt/ adj. (of part of a plant) withering but not falling (植物的某部分)凋而不落的 □ marcescence  n.   [Latin marcescere, inceptive of marcēre ‘wither’]

March /mɑ:tʃ/ n.  the third month of the year 三月 [Middle English via Old French march(e), dialect variant of marz, mars, from Latin Martius (mensis) ‘(month) of Mars’]

march1 /mɑ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off, out, etc.)  walk in a military manner with a regular measured tread 行进；行军；齐步走 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, on, off, etc.)  cause to march or walk 使行军；使走开  marched the army to Moscow  部队行军到莫斯科 marched him out of the room  使他离开房间 3 intr.  a  walk or proceed steadily, esp. across country 走过；行走(尤指穿过乡下)b (of events etc.) continue unrelentingly (事件等)不停地发展；进展  time marches on  时光流逝 4 intr.  take part in a protest march 游行示威 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of marching 行军；行进；行走b  the uniform step of troops etc. (部队等)齐步走  a slow march  慢步走 2  a long difficult walk 长途跋涉 3  a procession as a protest or demonstration 游行抗议；游行示威 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  progress or continuity 进行；继续进展  the march of events  事件的进展 5  a  a piece of music composed to accompany a march 进行曲b  a composition of similar character and form 有进行曲特征的曲子；像进行曲的曲子 □ march on   1  advance towards (a military objective) (朝军事目的地)前进 2  proceed 继续往前走；继续进行□ on the march   1  marching 行军中 2  in steady progress 稳步前进中；稳步发展中□ marcher  n.   [French marche (n.), marcher ‘to walk’, earlier ‘to trample’, from Late Latin marcus ‘hammer’]

march2 /mɑ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n. hist. [史义]  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a boundary, a frontier (esp. of the borderland between England and Scotland or Wales) 边界；边境(尤指英格兰、苏格兰或威尔士之间的接界) 2  a tract of often disputed land between two countries 有争端的边境地区 ●v. intr. (foll. by 常后跟 upon, with) (of a country, an estate, etc.) have a common frontier with, border on (与某国、某领地等)交界；毗连；毗邻 [Middle English from Old French marche, marchir, ultimately from Germanic: related to MARK1]

marcher /ˈmɑ:tʃə/ n.  an inhabitant of a march or border district 边疆(境)居民

March hare n.  a hare in the breeding season, characterized by excessive leaping, strange behaviour, etc. (狂跳、行为怪异等的)交尾期野兔  mad as a March hare  疯得像 3 月里的野兔

marching order n. Mil.  equipment or a formation for marching 【军】行军装备；行军队形

marching orders n. pl.  1 Mil.  the direction for troops to depart for war etc. 【军】(参战等)行军令；开拔令 2  a dismissal 开除通知  gave him his march-ing orders  给他下了辞退令

marchioness /mɑ:ʃəˈnes, ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)nis/ n.  1  the wife or widow of a marquess 侯爵夫人；侯爵遗孀 2  a woman holding the rank of marquess in her own right (cf. 参见 MARQUISE) 女侯爵 [medieval Latin marchionissa from marchio -onis ‘captain of the marches’ (as MARCH2)]

marchpane archaic var.  of MARZIPAN [古义] MARZIPAN 的变体

march past n. & v. ●n.  the marching of troops past a saluting point at a review (部队行进到检阅台时的)分列式 ●v. intr. (of troops) carry out a march past (部队)按分列式行进

Marcia /ˈmɑ:siə/   马西娅 [人名]

Marcie /ˈmɑ:si/   马西 [人名]

Mardi Gras /mɑ:di ˈɡrɑ:/ n.  1  a  Shrove Tuesday in some Catholic countries (某些天主教国家)忏悔星期二b  merrymaking on this day (忏悔星期二的)狂欢 2  the last day of a carnival etc. (狂欢节等的)最后一天 3 Austral.  a carnival or fair at any time [澳]欢庆；庆祝 [French, = fat Tuesday]

mardy /ˈmɑ:di/ adj. dial.  sulky, whining, spoilt [方]愠怒的，躁烦的，被宠坏的 [dialect mard ‘spoilt’, alteration of marred: see MAR]

mare1 /mɛə/ n.  1  the female of any equine animal, esp. the horse 雌性马科动物(尤指母马) 2 Brit. slang offens.  a woman [英] [俚语] [冒犯]女人 [Old English mearh ‘horse’, from Germanic: cf. MARSHAL]

mare2 /ˈmɑ:rei, -ri/ n. (pl. maria /ˈmɑ:riə/ or mares)  1 (in full 全称 mare clausum /ˈklaʊsʊm/) Law  the sea under the jurisdiction of a particular country 【法律】领海 2 (in full 全称 mare liberum /ˈli:bərʊm/) Law  the sea open to all nations 【法律】公海 3  a  any of a number of large dark flat areas on the surface of the moon, once thought to be seas (月球上的)阴暗区(曾被认作是海)b  a similar area on Mars (火星上的)阴暗区 [Latin, = sea]

maremma /məˈremə/ n. (pl. maremme /-mi/)  low marshy unhealthy land near a seashore 近海沼泽地 [Italian, from Latin maritima (as MARITIME)]

mare's nest n.  1  an illusory discovery; a fraud 虚幻的发现；骗人的东西 2  a complex situation or muddle 杂乱无章的局面；混乱

mare's tail n.  1  a tall slender marsh plant, Hippuris vulgaris 杉叶藻 2 (in pl. 用复数)  long straight streaks of cirrus cloud 马尾云

Margaret /ˈmɑ:gərit/   玛格丽特 [人名]

margarine /mɑ:dʒəˈri:n, ˈmɑ:ɡəri:n/ n.  a butter substitute made from vegetable oils or animal fats with milk etc. 人造黄油(用植物油或动物脂肪与牛奶等制成) [French, misapplication of the name of a fatty acid, from Greek margaron ‘pearl’ (from its lustre)]

margay /ˈmɑ:ɡei/ n.  a small wild S. American cat, Felis wiedii (南美洲)虎猫 [French from Tupi mbaracaïa]

marge1 /mɑ:dʒ/ n. Brit. colloq.  margarine [英口]人造黄油 [abbreviation]

marge2 /mɑ:dʒ/ n. poet.  a margin or edge [诗]边缘 [French from Latin margo (as MARGIN)]

Margery /ˈmɑ:dʒəri/   马杰里 [人名]

Margie /ˈmɑ:dʒi/   玛吉 [人名]

margin /ˈmɑ:dʒin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the edge or border of a surface 边缘；边沿 2  a  the blank border on each side of the print on a page etc. (页边等的)空白b  a line ruled esp. on exercise paper, marking off a margin 标出页边的线 3  an amount (of time, money, etc.) by which a thing exceeds, falls short, etc. (时间、钱等)差数，差额  won by a narrow margin  以微弱之优势获胜 a margin of profit  盈利 4  the lower limit of possibility, success, etc. (可能性、成功等)极限；限界  his effort fell below the margin  他的努力低于(成功的)极限 5 Austral.  an increment to a basic wage, paid for skill [澳] (因特殊技能)薪水的额外增加部分 6  a sum deposited with a stockbroker to cover the risk of loss on a transaction on account 保证金，押金 ●v. tr. (margined, margining)  provide with a margin or marginal notes 留页边空白；加页边注 [Middle English from Latin margo -ginis]

marginal /ˈmɑ:dʒin(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or written in a margin 页边的；记在页边的b  having marginal notes 有页边注的 2  a  of or at the edge; not central 边缘的；在边缘的；不在中间的b  not significant or decisive 微不足道的；不重要的  the work is of merely marginal interest  这项工作没什么意思 3 Brit. (of a parliamentary seat or constituency) having a small majority at risk in an election [英] (议会席位或选区)有微弱多数的 4  close to the limit, esp. of profitability (尤指利润)边际的，薄利的 5 (of the sea) adjacent to the shore of a state (海)与海岸毗连的 6 (of land) difficult to cultivate; unprofitable (土地)不毛的；贫瘠的 7  barely adequate; unprovided for 勉强够的；不足的 ●n. Brit.  a marginal constituency or seat [英]边缘席位(或选区) □ marginality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ marginally  adv.   [medieval Latin marginalis (as MARGIN)]

marginal cost n.  the cost added by making one extra copy etc. 边际成本(再多生产一本等所增加的成本)

marginalia /mɑ:dʒiˈneiliə/ n. pl.  marginal notes 旁注 [medieval Latin, neut. pl. of marginalis (as MARGIN)]

marginalize /ˈmɑ:dʒin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or treat as insignificant 使处于次要地位；忽视 □ marginalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

marginate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈmɑ:dʒineit/  1  = MARGINALIZE  2  provide with a margin or border 留页边；留空白 ●adj. /ˈmɑ:dʒinət/ Biol.  having a distinct margin or border 【生】有空白的；有边缘的 □ margination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

margin of error n.  a usu. small difference allowed for miscalculation, change of circumstances, etc. (对错算、情况变化可允许的)误差幅度

margin release n.  a device on a typewriter allowing a word to be typed beyond the margin normally set (打字机上的)松拦装置；定位开启键

margrave /ˈmɑ:ɡreiv/ n. hist.  the hereditary title of some princes of the Holy Roman Empire (originally of a military governor of a border province) [史义] (神圣罗马帝国的)侯爵(原为边境省份的总督) □ margravate  /ˈmɑ:ɡrəvət/ n.   [Middle Dutch markgrave ‘border count’ (as MARK1, grave COUNT2 from Old Low German grēve)]

margravine /ˈmɑ:ɡrəvi:n/ n. hist.  the wife of a margrave [史义] (神圣罗马帝国的)侯爵夫人 [Dutch markgravin (as MARGRAVE)]

marguerite /mɑ:ɡəˈri:t/ n.  an ox-eye daisy 春白菊，牛眼菊 [French, = Margaret]

Maria /məˈraiə, məˈriə/   玛丽亚 [人名]

maria pl.  of MARE2  

mariage de convenance /ˌmæriɑ:ʒ də ˌkɒ˜vəˈnɒ˜s, 法 marjaʒ də kɔ˜vnɑ˜s/ n. (pl. mariages de convenance pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = MARRIAGE OF CONVENIENCE  [French]

Marian /ˈmɛəriən/ adj. RC Ch.  of or relating to the Virgin Mary 【天主教】(有关)圣母马利亚的  Marian vespers  圣母马利亚的晚课 [Latin Maria ‘Mary’]

Marie /ˈmɑ:ri:, məˈri:/   玛丽 [人名]

marigold /ˈmæriɡəʊld/ n.  any plant of the genus Calendula or Tagetes, with golden or bright yellow flowers 万寿菊；金盏花(开金黄色或鲜黄色的花) [Middle English from Mary (probably the Virgin) + dialect gold, the corn or garden marigold, from Old English: probably related to GOLD]

marijuana /mæriˈhwɑ:nə, mærjʊˈɑ:nə/ n. (also 亦作 marihuana)  1  the dried leaves, flowering tops, and stems of the hemp, used as an intoxicating or hallucinogenic drug and usu. smoked in cigarettes; cannabis (通常用于卷烟吸食的)大麻干叶花头和茎；大麻烟 2  the plant yielding these (see 见 HEMP 1) 大麻 [Latin American Spanish]

Marilyn /ˈmærəlin/   玛里琳 [人名]

marimba /məˈrimbə/ n.  1  a xylophone played by natives of Africa and Central America 马林巴琴 2  a modern orchestral instrument derived from this 木琴 [Congolese]

marina /məˈri:nə/ n.  a specially designed harbour with moorings for pleasure yachts etc. (供游艇停泊的)码头，船坞 [Italian & Spanish fem. of marino, from Latin marinus MARINE]

marinade /mæriˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mixture of wine, vinegar, oil, spices, etc., in which meat, fish, etc., is soaked before cooking (含酒、醋、油、香料等的)腌泡汁(可腌泡肉、鱼等) 2  meat, fish, etc., soaked in such a mixture 腌泡的肉(鱼等) ●v. tr.  = MARINATE  [French from Spanish marinada, via marinar ‘pickle in brine’ from marino (as MARINA)]

marinate /ˈmærineit/ v. tr.  soak (meat, fish, etc.) in a marinade 腌泡(肉、鱼等) □ marination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Italian marinare or French mariner (as MARINE)]

marine /məˈri:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, found in, or produced by the sea 海的；海里发现的；海生的 2  a  of or relating to shipping or naval matters (有关)航海的；(有关)海运的；(有关)海事的  marine insurance  海上保险b  for use at sea 海上用的 ●n.  1  a country's shipping, fleet, or navy (一国的)船舶；舰队；海军  mercantile marine  所有商船 merchant marine  所有商船 2  a  a member of a body of troops trained to serve on land or sea 海军陆战队成员b (作 Marine) (in the US) a member of the Marine Corps (美国)海军陆战队士兵(军官) 3  a picture of a scene at sea 海景画 □ tell that to the marines (or horse marines)  colloq.  an expression of disbelief [口]谁信你那一套！  [Middle English via Old French marin marine from Latin marinus, from mare ‘sea’]

mariner /ˈmærinə/ n.  a sailor 水手；船员 [Middle English via Anglo-French mariner, Old French marinier and medieval Latin marinarius from Latin (as MARINE)]

mariner's compass n.  a compass showing magnetic or true north and the bearings from it 航海罗盘

marine stores n. pl.  new or old ships' material etc. sold as merchandise 船具；船舶用品(供出售的新、旧船上物品等)

marine trumpet n.  a large single-stringed viol with a trumpet-like tone 大单弦提琴

Mariolatry /mɛəriˈɒlətri/ n. derog.  idolatrous worship of the Virgin Mary [贬]对圣母马利亚的崇拜 [Latin Maria ‘Mary’ + -LATRY, on the pattern of idolatry]

Marion / ˈmæriən/   玛丽安(马里恩) [人名]

marionette /mæriəˈnet/ n.  a puppet worked by strings 牵线木偶 [French marionnette from Marion, diminutive of Marie ‘Mary’]

Marist /ˈmɛərist, ˈmærist/ n.  a member of a Roman Catholic missionary and teaching order, esp. the Society of Mary (天主教的)传教士(尤指马利亚会会员) [French Mariste from Marie ‘Mary’]

marital /ˈmærit(ə)l/ adj.  1  of marriage or the relations between husband and wife 婚姻的；夫妻关系的 2  of or relating to a husband (有关)丈夫的 □ maritally  adv.   [Latin maritalis from maritus ‘husband’]

maritime /ˈmæritaim/ adj.  1  connected with the sea or seafaring 海的；航海的  maritime insurance  航海保险 2  living or found near the sea 沿海居住的；近海发现的 [Latin maritimus from mare ‘sea’]

marjoram /ˈmɑ:dʒ(ə)rəm/ n.  either of two aromatic herbs, Origanum vulgare (wild marjoram) or Majorana hortensis (sweet marjoram), the fresh or dried leaves of which are used as a flavouring in cookery 牛至；茉乔栾那，马郁兰 [Middle English & Old French majorane from medieval Latin majorana, of unknown origin]

Marjorie /ˈmɑ:dʒəri/   马杰里 [人名]

Mark /mɑ:k/   马克 [人名]

mark1 /mɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a trace, sign, stain, scar, etc., on a surface, face, page, etc. (表面、脸部、书页等上的)痕迹；记号；斑点(斑疤等) 2 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a  a written or printed symbol 符号；记号  exclamation mark  叹号 question mark  问号b  a numerical or alphabetical award denoting excellence, conduct, proficiency, etc. (表示优劣、品行、熟练等的)成绩；分数；评价  got a good mark for effort  由于努力得到好分数 gave him a black mark  给他以不良的评语 gained 46 marks out of 50  50 分中得了 46 分 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a sign or indication of quality, character, feeling, etc. (品质、性格、感情等的)标记；标志  took off his hat as a mark of respect  脱帽致意 4  a  a sign, seal, etc., used for distinction or identification 标签；印记(印等)b  a cross etc. made in place of a signature by an illiterate person (文盲作为签名的)十字画押(花押等) 5  a  a target, object, goal, etc. 靶子；讨论的问题(目标等)  missed the mark with his first play  第一次比赛失败了b  a standard for attainment 标准  his work falls below the mark  他的工作未达标 6  a line etc. indicating a position; a marker (表示位置的)标志线，标识 7 (usu. 通常作 Mark) (followed by a numeral) a particular design, model, etc., of a car, aircraft, etc. (后跟数字)型；款式  this is the Mark 2 model  这是 2 型 8  a runner's starting point in a race 起跑线 9 Naut.  a piece of material etc. used to indicate a position on a sounding line 【海】测标 10  a Rugby  a heel-mark on the ground made by a player who has caught the ball direct from a kick, knock-on, or throw-forward by an opponent 【英式橄榄球】脚跟印b Austral. Rules  the catching before it reaches the ground of a ball kicked at least ten metres; the spot from which the subsequent kick is taken 【澳式橄榄球】接球地点 11 slang  the intended victim of a swindler etc. [俚语] (欺骗等的)对象 12 Boxing  the pit of the stomach 【拳击】心窝 13 hist.  a tract of land held in common by a Teutonic or medieval German village community [史义] (中世纪日耳曼)村社公地 ●v. tr.  1  a  make a mark on (a thing or person), esp. by writing, cutting, scraping, etc. 在(某物、某人上)作记号；留痕迹于(尤指通过书写、刻、刮等方式)b  put a distinguishing or identifying mark, initials, name, etc., on (clothes etc.) 在(衣服等上)作标记(标上首字母、姓名等)  marked the tree with their initials  在树干上刻上他们名字的首字母作标记 2  a  allot marks to; correct (a student's work etc.) 给…打分；批阅(学生作业等)b  record (the points gained in games etc.) 记录(比赛等中的分数) 3  attach a price to (goods etc.) 给(商品等)贴价格标签  marked the doll at 50p  那个娃娃标价 50 便士 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 by)  show or manifest (displeasure etc.) 表明；表示(不悦等)  marked his anger by leaving early  早退表示气愤 5  notice or observe 注意到；观察到  she marked his agitation  她注意到了他的焦虑不安 6  a  characterize or be a feature of 有…的特征；以…为特征  the day was marked by storms  白天有风暴b  acknowledge, recognize, celebrate 表明；承认；庆贺  marked the occasion with a toast  祝酒庆祝节目 7  name or indicate (a place on a map, the length of a syllable, etc.) by a sign or mark (用记号)标出(地图上的地名)；标明(节长等) 8  characterize (a person or a thing) as 表明(某人、某物)有…的特征  marked them as weak  说明他们软弱 9  a Brit.  keep close to so as to prevent the free movement of (an opponent in sport) [英] (运动中的)紧逼；紧盯住(对手)b Austral. Rules  catch (the ball) 【澳式橄榄球】接球 10 (as 作 marked adj.)  having natural marks 有…天然标记  is marked with silver spots  带有银色斑点 11 (of a graduated instrument) show, register (so many degrees etc.) (刻度仪)表示(刻度等) 12 Austral. & NZ  castrate (a lamb) [澳新]阉割(小羊) □ one's mark  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  what one prefers 偏爱；喜好 2  an opponent, object, etc., of one's own size, calibre, etc. (大小、能力等)势均力敌的对手(对象等)  the little one's more my mark  那个小的更是我的对手□ beside (or off or wide of) the mark   1  not to the point; irrelevant 不切题；不相关 2  not accurate 不准确□ make one's mark   attain distinction 出名□ mark down   1  mark (goods etc.) at a lower price 标低(商品等)价目 2  make a written note of 记下 3  choose (a person) as one's victim 把(某人)当作攻击对象 4  reduce the examination marks of 降低…的分数□ mark off  (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  separate (one thing from another) by a boundary etc. (物与物之间用界限等)区分；区别  marked off the subjects for discussion  标出要讨论的题目□ mark out   1  plan (a course of action etc.) 拟定(行动等计划) 2  destine 注定  marked out for success  注定成功 3  trace out boundaries, a course, etc. 划出(边界、路线等)□ mark time   1 Mil.  march on the spot, without moving forward 【军】原地踏步 2  act routinely; go through the motions 按程序办事；(机械地)敷衍塞责 3  await an opportunity to advance 等待时机□ mark up   1  mark (goods etc.) at a higher price 标高(商品等)价目 2  mark or correct (text etc.) for typesetting or alteration 在(文本)上作标记；修改；修订□ mark you  esp. Brit.  please note [尤英]请注意；你听着  without obligation, mark you  注意，不尽义务□ off the mark   1  having made a start 出发 2  = beside the mark (see 见 MARK1) □ of mark   noteworthy 值得注意的；显著的□ on the mark   ready to start 各就位的□ on your mark (or marks)  (as an instruction) get ready to start (esp. a race) (尤指赛跑口令)各就位□ up to the mark   reaching the usual or normal standard, esp. of health (尤指身体)达到正常标准 [Old English me(a)rc (n.), mearcian (v.), from Germanic]

mark2 /mɑ:k/ n.  1  a  = DEUTSCHMARK b hist. [史义]  = OSTMARK  2 hist. [史义]  a  a denomination of weight for gold and silver 金银的重量单位b  English money of account 马克(旧时英国货币) [Old English marc, probably related to medieval Latin marca, marcus]

markdown /ˈmɑ:kdaʊn/ n.  a reduction in price 减价；标低价格

marked /mɑ:kt/ adj.  1  having a visible mark 有标记的；有记号的 2  clearly noticeable; evident 明显的；清楚的  a marked difference  显著的区别 3 (of playing cards) having distinctive marks on their backs to assist cheating (纸牌)背面有记号便于作弊的 □ markedly  /-kidli/ adv.  □ markedness  /-kidnis/ n.   [Old English (past part. of MARK1)]

marked man n.  1  a person whose conduct is watched with suspicion or hostility 嫌疑者；受敌视者 2  a person destined to succeed 必胜者；可能成功的人

marker /ˈmɑ:kə/ n.  1  a stone, post, etc., used to mark a position, place reached, etc. (石头、柱、杆等表明到达的)标志(位置等) 2  a person or thing that marks 作标记的人(或工具) 3  a felt-tipped pen with a broad tip 记号笔 4  a person who records a score, esp. in billiards (尤指台球中)记分人 5  a flare etc. used to direct a pilot to a target 照明灯(照明弹等) 6  a bookmark 书签 7 US slang  a promissory note; an IOU [美] [俚语]期票；借据

market /ˈmɑ:kit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, etc., esp. with a number of different vendors (尤指在不同摊位买卖生活物资、家畜等的)集市 2  an open space or covered building used for this 市场 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a demand for a commodity or service 销路  goods find a ready market  商品找到了对路的市场b  a place or group providing such a demand 行销地区；行销场所  UK market  英国市场 4  conditions as regards, or opportunity for, buying or selling 买卖行情(机会) 5  the rate of purchase and sale, market value 行情；市价  the market fell  市价下跌 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  the trade in a specified commodity (某一特定商品的)市场交易  the corn market  玉米市场 the market in soft drinks  软饮料市场 7  = STOCK MARKET  ●v. (marketed, marketing)  1 tr.  sell 销售；卖 2 tr.  offer for sale 出售 3 intr.  buy or sell goods in a market 在市场买卖 □ be in the market for   wish to buy 有意购买□ be on (or come into) the market   be offered for sale 在出售；上市□ make a market  Stock Exch.  induce active dealing in a stock or shares 【股】买卖股票以制造兴旺景象□ put on the market   offer for sale 出售□ marketer  n.   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin mercatus from mercari ‘buy’: see MERCHANT]

marketable /ˈmɑ:kitəb(ə)l/ adj.  able or fit to be sold 能出售的；适于出售的 □ marketability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

market cross n.  a structure erected in a market place, originally a stone cross, later an arcaded building (市场上的)十字型架构，有拱廊的建筑物

market day n. esp. Brit.  a day on which a market is regularly held, usu. weekly [尤英] (通常每周一次的)集日

marketeer /mɑ:kiˈtiə/ n.  1 Brit.  a supporter of the EEC and British membership of it [英]支持英国加入欧洲共同市场者 2  a marketer 市场上做买卖的人

market garden n. esp. Brit.  a place where vegetables and fruit are grown for the market etc. [尤英] (供应市场等的)商品菜(或果)园 □ market gardener  n.  

marketing /ˈmɑ:kitiŋ/ n.  1  the action or business of promoting and selling products, including market research and advertising 市场营销(学) 2  in senses of MARKET v. 用于 MARKET 的动词各释义

market maker n. Brit.  a member of the Stock Exchange granted certain privileges and trading to prescribed regulations [英] (对所规定的条款有某种特权的)股市交易者

market place n.  1  an open space where a market is held in a town 集市 2  the arena of competitive or commercial dealings, bargaining, etc. (竞争、商业交易等的)场所  electoral market place  选举场所 competition in the film market place  电影市场的竞争

market price n.  the price in current dealings 市场价；时价

market research n.  the study of consumers' needs and preferences 市场调研 □ market researcher  n.  

market town n. Brit.  a town where a market is held [英]集镇

market value n.  value as a saleable thing (opp. 反义 BOOK VALUE) 市场价值；市价

markhor /ˈmɑ:kɔ:/ n.  a large spiral-horned wild goat, Capra falconeri, of N. India (印度北部的)捻角山羊 [Persian mɑˉr-kwɑˉr, from mɑˉr ‘serpent’ + kwɑˉr ‘-eating’]

marking /ˈmɑ:kiŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  an identification mark, esp. a symbol on an aircraft (尤指机身上的)标识 2  a mark or pattern of marks on an animal's fur, feathers, skin, etc. (动物皮毛、羽毛、皮等上的)斑纹；斑点

marking ink n. Brit.  indelible ink for marking linen etc. [英] (在布料等上作标记的)不褪色墨水

markka /ˈmɑ:kɑ:, -kə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Finland 马克(芬兰货币单位) [Finnish]

marksman /ˈmɑ:ksmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person skilled in shooting, esp. with a pistol or rifle (尤指用手枪或步枪的)神枪手；狙击手 □ marksmanship  n.  

mark-up n.  1  the amount added to the cost price of goods to cover overhead charges, profit, etc. 加价，标高的金额(加在成本上的企业管理费用和利润等的总额) 2  the corrections made in marking up text (对文本的)修改

marl1 /mɑ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  soil consisting of clay and lime, with fertilizing properties (含肥料的)泥灰土 ●v. tr.  apply marl to (the ground) 往(地里)施泥灰肥 □ marly  adj.   [Middle English via Old French marle and medieval Latin margila from Latin marga]

marl2 /mɑ:l/ n.  1  a mottled yarn of differently coloured threads 夹花纱线 2  the fabric made from this 夹花纱线织物 [shortening of marbled: see MARBLE]

Marlene /ˈmɑ:li:n, mɑ:ˈli:n/   马林 [人名]

marlin /ˈmɑ:lin/ n.  any of various large marine fish of the genera Makaira and Tetrapterus, with a long pointed upper jaw 浅黑穿梭针鱼；条纹枪鱼 [MARLINSPIKE, with reference to its pointed snout]

marline /ˈmɑ:lin/ n. Naut.  a thin line of two strands 【海】双股细绳；细索 [Middle English from Dutch marlijn, from marren ‘bind’ + lijn LINE1]

marlinspike /ˈmɑ:linspaik/ n. (also 亦作 marline-spike) Naut.  a pointed iron tool used to separate strands of rope or wire 【海】解索针 [originally apparently marling-spike, from marl ‘fasten with marline’ (from Dutch marlen, frequentative of Middle Dutch marren ‘bind’) + -ING1 + SPIKE1]

marlite /ˈmɑ:lait/ n.  a kind of marl that is not reduced to powder by the action of the air (抗风化的)泥灰岩

marmalade /ˈmɑ:məleid/ n.  a preserve of citrus fruit, usu. bitter oranges, made like jam 果酱；橘子果酱 [French marmelade via Portuguese marmelada ‘quince jam’ from marmelo ‘quince’, ultimately from Greek melimēlon, from meli ‘honey’ + mēlon ‘apple’]

marmalade cat n.  a cat with orange fur 橙色斑猫

Marmite /ˈmɑ:mait/ n.  1 Brit. propr.  a preparation made from yeast extract and vegetable extract, used in sandwiches and for flavouring [英] [商标]马麦脱酸制酵母 2 (作 marmite) /also 亦作 mɑ:ˈmi:t/  an earthenware cooking vessel 沙锅 [French, = cooking pot]

marmoreal /mɑ:ˈmɔ:riəl/ adj. poet.  of or like marble [诗] (似)大理石的 □ marmoreally  adv.   [Latin marmoreus (as MARBLE)]

marmoset /ˈmɑ:məzet/ n.  any of several small tropical American monkeys of the family Callithricidae, having a long silky coat and a bushy tail (美洲热带的)狨 [Old French marmouset ‘grotesque image’, of unknown origin]

marmot /ˈmɑ:mət/ n.  any burrowing rodent of the genus Marmota, with a heavy-set body and short bushy tail, living in colonies 土拨鼠；旱獭(穴居啮齿类动物，身粗胖，尾短而多毛) [French marmotte, probably via Romansh murmont from Latin murem (nominative mus) montis ‘mountain mouse’]

marocain /mærəˈkein/ n.  a dress fabric of ribbed crêpe 马罗坎平纹绉 [French, = Moroccan, from Maroc ‘Morocco’]

Maronite /ˈmærənait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a Christian sect of Syrian origin, living chiefly in Lebanon and in communion with the Roman Catholic Church (与罗马公教会有关的)马龙派教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to the Maronites (有关)马龙派教徒的 [medieval Latin Maronita from Maro, the name of the 5th-c. Syrian founder]

maroon1 /məˈru:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  brownish crimson 酱紫色的；褐红色的 ●n.  1  this colour 酱紫色；褐红色 2 esp. Brit.  an explosive device giving a loud report [尤英]鞭炮 [French marron ‘chestnut’ via Italian marrone from medieval Greek maraon]

maroon2 /məˈru:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  leave (a person) isolated in a desolate place (esp. an island) 把(某人)放逐(尤指岛上) 2 (of a person or a natural phenomenon) cause (a person) to be unable to leave a place (人或自然现象)使(人)无法离开某地 ●n.  1  a person descended from a group of fugitive slaves in the remoter parts of Suriname and the W. Indies (逃跑奴隶在苏里南及西印度群岛的)后代 2  a marooned person 被放逐者；处于孤独境地者 [French marron via Spanish cimarrón ‘wild’ (as noun = runaway slave) from cima ‘peak’]

marque1 /mɑ:k/ n.  a make of motor car, as distinct from a specific model (汽车的)型号；牌子  the Jaguar marque  美洲豹牌 [French, = MARK1]

marque2 /mɑ:k/ n. hist.  reprisals [史义]报复 □ letter of marque (in full 全称 letter of marque and reprisal)   1  a licence to fit out an armed vessel and employ it in the capture of an enemy's merchant shipping (捕拿敌方商船的)特许证 2  a ship carrying such a licence (有捕拿敌方商船特许证的)特许捕拿船 [Middle English via French from Provençal marca, from marcar ‘seize as a pledge’]

marquee /mɑ:ˈki:/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a large tent used for social or commercial functions [尤英]大营帐 2 N. Amer.  a rooflike projection over the entrance to a theatre, hotel, etc. [北美] (戏院、旅馆等入口处的)遮檐 [MARQUISE, taken as pl. & assimilated to -EE]

marquess /ˈmɑ:kwis/ n.  a British nobleman ranking between a duke and an earl (cf. 参见 MARQUIS) (英国)侯爵(位于公爵之后，伯爵之前) □ marquessate  /-sət/ n.   [variant of MARQUIS]

marquetry /ˈmɑ:kitri/ n. (also 亦作 marqueterie)  inlaid work in wood, ivory, etc. (木头、象牙等上的)镶嵌细工 [French marqueterie, via marqueter ‘variegate’ from MARQUE1]

marquis /ˈmɑ:kwis/ n.  a foreign nobleman ranking between a duke and a count (cf. 参见 MARQUESS) 侯爵(位于公爵之后，伯爵之前) □ marquisate  /-sət/ n.   [Middle English via Old French marchis from Romanic (as MARCH2, -ESE)]

marquise /mɑ:ˈki:z/ n.  1  a  the wife or widow of a marquis 侯爵夫人；侯爵遗孀b  a woman holding the rank of marquis in her own right (cf. 参见 MARCHIONESS) 女侯爵 2  a finger ring set with an oval pointed cluster of gems 卵形宝石戒指 3 archaic [古义]  = MARQUEE  [French, fem. of MARQUIS]

marquisette /mɑ:kiˈzet/ n.  a fine light cotton, rayon, or silk fabric for net curtains etc. (作网眼帘等的)薄纱罗 [French, diminutive of MARQUISE]

marram /ˈmærəm/ n.  a shore grass, Ammophila arenaria, that binds sand with its tough rhizomes 滨草 [Old Norse marɑˊlmr, from marr ‘sea’ + hɑˊlmr HAULM]

marriage /ˈmæridʒ/ n.  1  the legal union of a man and a woman in order to live together and often to have children 婚姻 2  an act or ceremony establishing this union 结婚；婚礼 3  one particular union of this kind 婚姻关系  by a previous marriage  通过预先的姻亲关系 4  an intimate union 密切结合  the marriage of true minds  真心实意的结合 5 Cards  the union of a king and queen of the same suit 【牌戏】同花 K 和 Q 的配合 □ by marriage   as a result of a marriage 通过婚姻  related by marriage  有姻亲关系□ in marriage   as husband or wife 作为夫妻  give in marriage  嫁出 take in marriage  娶进 [Middle English from Old French mariage, from marier MARRY1]

marriageable /ˈmæridʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  fit for marriage, esp. old or rich enough to marry 适于结婚的(尤指年龄大、财力足) 2 (of age) fit for marriage (年龄)适宜于结婚的 □ marriageability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

marriage bureau n.  an establishment arranging introductions between persons wishing to marry 婚姻介绍所

marriage certificate n.  a certificate certifying the completion of a marriage ceremony 结婚证书

marriage guidance n. (in the UK) counselling of couples who have problems in married life (英国)婚姻指导(咨询)

marriage licence n.  a licence to marry 婚姻许可证

marriage lines n. pl. Brit.  a marriage certificate [英]婚姻证书

marriage of convenience n.  a marriage concluded to achieve some practical purpose, esp. financial or political 权宜婚姻(尤指因经济、政治方面的原因)

marriage settlement n.  an arrangement securing property between spouses 夫妻财产契约

married /ˈmærid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  united in marriage 已婚的 2  of or relating to marriage (有关)婚姻的  married name  婚后名字 married life  婚姻生活 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a married person 已婚者  young marrieds  已婚青年们

marron glacé /mærɒn ˈɡlæsei/ n. (pl. marrons glacés pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a chestnut preserved in and coated with sugar 蜜饯(糖衣)栗子 [French, = iced chestnut: cf. GLACé]

marrow /ˈmærəʊ/ n.  1 Brit. [英] (in full 全称 vegetable marrow)  a  a large usu. white-fleshed edible gourd used as food 食用葫芦(通常肉为白色，可食用)b  the plant, Cucurbita pepo, yielding this 葫芦科植物 2 (in full 全称 bone marrow)  a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced, often taken as typifying strength and vitality 骨髓 3  the essential part 精髓；精华 □ to the marrow   right through 透彻地；彻骨地□ marrowless  adj.  □ marrowy  adj.   [Old English mearg, mœrg, from Germanic]

marrowbone /ˈmærə(ʊ)bəʊn/ n.  a bone containing edible marrow 髓骨；含髓的骨

marrowfat /ˈmærə(ʊ)fæt/ n.  a kind of large pea 大豌豆

marry1 /ˈmæri/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  take as one's wife or husband in marriage 娶；嫁；和…结婚b (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of a priest etc.) join (persons) in marriage (牧师等)为(二人)证婚c (of a parent or guardian) give (a son, daughter, etc.) in marriage (家长或监护人)使(儿、女等)成婚 2 intr.  a  enter into marriage 结婚b (foll. by 后跟 into)  become a member of (a family) by marriage (通过结婚)成为(某家庭)一员 3 tr.  a  unite intimately 紧密结合b  correlate (things) as a pair 使(东西)成双c Naut.  splice (rope-ends) together without increasing their girth 【海】插接(绳端) □ marry off   find a wife or husband for 为…找对象□ marry up  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  link or join up 连接；使结合 [Middle English via Old French marier from Latin maritare, from maritus ‘husband’]

marry2 /ˈmæri/ int. archaic  expressing surprise, asseveration, indignation, etc. [古义] (表示惊奇、断言、愤怒等)哎呀；呦；真是 [Middle English, = (the Virgin) Mary]

marrying /ˈmæriiŋ/ adj.  likely or inclined to marry 似结婚的；想结婚的  not a marrying man  不是一位想结婚的男人

Mars /mɑ:z/ n.  a reddish planet, fourth in order of distance from the sun and next beyond the earth 火星 [Latin Mars Martis, the name of the Roman god of war]

Marsala /mɑ:ˈsɑ:lə/ n.  a dark sweet fortified dessert wine 马沙拉白葡萄酒 [Marsala, a town in Sicily, where originally made]

Marseillaise /mɑ:seiˈjeiz, -s(ə)ˈleiz/ n.  the national anthem of France, first sung in Paris by Marseilles patriots 马赛曲(法国国歌) [French, fem. adj. from Marseille ‘Marseilles’]

Marseilles /mɑ:ˈseilz/ n.  马赛 [法国东南部港市]

marsh /mɑ:ʃ/ n.  1  low land flooded in wet weather and usu. watery at all times (通常一年到头有水的)沼泽；沼地 2 (作 attrib.)  of or inhabiting marshland 沼泽(的)；生长于沼泽地(的) □ marshy  adj. (marshier, marshiest)  □ marshiness  n.   [Old English mer(i)sc, from West Germanic]

marshal /ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (in titles of ranks) a high-ranking officer in the armed forces (军衔)元帅  Marshal of the Royal Air Force  皇家空军元帅 Field Marshal  陆军元帅b  an officer of the highest rank in the armies of some countries (某些国家的)最高指挥官  Marshal of France  法国陆军元帅c  a high-ranking officer of state 高级长官  Earl Marshal  英国王室典礼大臣 2  an officer arranging ceremonies, controlling procedure at races, etc. (赛跑等安排仪式、程序的)典礼官 3 US [美]  a  a federal or municipal law officer 联邦(或市)司法官员b  the head of a fire department 消防局局长 4 (in full 全称 judge's marshal) (in the UK) an official accompanying a judge on circuit, with secretarial and social duties (英国)巡回审判的随从员(兼理秘书、社交事务) ●v. (marshalled, marshalling; US [美] marshaled, marshaling)  1 tr.  arrange (soldiers, facts, one's thoughts, etc.) in due order 整顿安排(士兵、事实、个人思想等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into, to)  conduct (a person) ceremoniously 带领；引导(某人) 3 tr. Heraldry  combine (coats of arms) 【纹章学】配列(盾徽) 4 intr.  take up positions in due arrangement 排列成形 □ marshaller  n.  □ marshalship  n.   [Middle English via Old French mareschal and Late Latin mariscalcus from Germanic, literally ‘horse-servant’]

marshalling yard n.  a railway yard in which goods trains etc. are assembled (铁路货车等的)编组场

Marshall Islands   马绍尔群岛

Marshal of the Royal Air Force n.  an officer of the highest rank in the Royal Air Force (英国)皇家空军元帅

marsh fever n.  malaria 疟疾

marsh gas n.  methane 沼气；甲烷

marsh harrier n.  a European harrier, Circus aeruginosus (see 见 HARRIER3) (欧洲)白头鹞

marsh hawk n. N. Amer. [北美]  = HEN HARRIER 

marshland /ˈmɑ:ʃlənd/ n.  land consisting of marshes 沼泽地

marsh mallow n.  a shrubby herbaceous plant, Althaea officinalis, the roots of which were formerly used to make marshmallow 药用蜀葵；草芙蓉

marshmallow /mɑ:ʃˈmæləʊ/ n.  a soft sweet made of sugar, albumen, gelatin, etc. 软糖(由糖、蛋白、凝胶等混制而成)

marsh marigold n.  a golden-flowered plant, Caltha palustris (buttercup family), growing in moist meadows etc. Also called 亦称作 KINGCUP (毛茛属)立金花；驴蹄草(生长在潮湿草地等)

marsh tit n.  a grey tit, Parus palustris, inhabiting woods and hedges 沼泽山雀

marsh trefoil n.  the buckbean 睡菜

marsupial /mɑ:ˈsu:piəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  any mammal of the order Marsupialia, characterized by being born incompletely developed and usu. carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother's belly, and found mainly in Australasia 有袋动物(通常将幼畜带在母畜腹部的袋中) ●adj.  1  of or belonging to this order 有袋动物的；属有袋目的 2  of or like a pouch 袋状的；似袋状的  marsupial muscle  袋形肌 [modern Latin marsupialis via Latin marsupium from Greek marsupion ‘pouch’, diminutive of marsipos ‘purse’]

mart /mɑ:t/ n.  1  a trade centre 贸易中心 2  an auction room 拍卖场 3  a  a market 集市b  a market place 市场 [Middle English from obsolete Dutch mart, variant of markt MARKET]

martagon /ˈmɑ:təɡ(ə)n/ n.  a lily, Lilium martagon, with small purple turban-like flowers 头巾百合 [French from Turkish martagɑˉn, a form of turban]

Martello /mɑ:ˈteləʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (also 亦作 Martello tower)  a small circular fort, usu. on the coast to prevent a hostile landing (海边的)圆堡 [alteration of the name of Cape Mortella in Corsica, where such a tower proved difficult to capture in 1794]

marten /ˈmɑ:tin/ n.  any weasel-like carnivore of the genus Martes, having valuable fur 貂(形似鼬鼠的食肉动物，其皮毛十分珍贵) [Middle English via Middle Dutch martren from Old French (peau) martrine ‘marten (fur)’, from martre, from West Germanic]

martensite /ˈmɑ:tinzait/ n.  the chief constituent of hardened steel 马丁体(钢的针状组织) [named after A. Martens, German metallurgist d. 1914 + -ITE1]

Martha /ˈmɑ:θə/   马莎 [人名]

martial /ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or appropriate to warfare 战争的；适于战争的 2  warlike, brave; fond of fighting 尚武的；勇武的；好战的 □ martially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French martial or Latin martialis ‘of Mars’: see MARS]

martial arts n. pl.  fighting sports such as judo and karate 武术

martial law n.  military government, involving the suspension of ordinary law 军事管制法；戒严令

Martian /ˈmɑ:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the planet Mars 火星的 ●n.  a hypothetical inhabitant of Mars (假想的)火星人 [Middle English from Old French martien or Latin Martianus from Mars: see MARS]

Martin /ˈmɑ:tin/   马丁 [人名]

martin /ˈmɑ:tin/ n.  any of several swallows of the family Hirundinidae, esp. the house martin and sand martin 岩燕(尤指家燕和灰沙燕) [late Middle English, from the male forename Martin]

Martina /mɑ:ˈti:nə/   马丁娜 [人名]

martinet /mɑ:tiˈnet/ n.  a strict (esp. military or naval) disciplinarian (尤指陆军或海军的)严格执行纪律的军官 □ martinettish  adj. (also 亦作 martinetish)   [named after J. Martinet, 17th-c. French drill-master]

martingale /ˈmɑ:tiŋɡeil/ n.  1  a strap, or set of straps, fastened at one end to the noseband or reins of a horse and at the other end to the girth, to prevent rearing etc. (防止马后腿站起等的)马颔缰 2 Naut.  a rope for holding down the jib-boom 【海】艏斜桁撑杆支索 3  a gambling system of continually doubling the stakes in the hope of an eventual win that must yield a net profit (输后)加倍下注的赌法 [French, of uncertain origin]

Martini /mɑ:ˈti:ni/ n.  1 Brit. propr.  a type of vermouth [英] [商标]马丁尼酒(一种苦艾酒) 2  a cocktail made of gin and French vermouth 马丁尼鸡尾酒(由杜松子酒加法国苦艾酒混制而成) [Martini & Rossi, Italian firm selling vermouth]

Martinmas /ˈmɑ:tinməs/ n.  St Martin's day, 11 Nov 圣马丁节 (11 月 11 日) [Middle English from St Martin, bishop of Tours in the 4th c., + MASS]

martlet /ˈmɑ:tlit/ n.  1 Heraldry  an imaginary footless bird borne as a charge 【纹章学】无足鸟 2 archaic [古义]  a  a swift 褐雨燕b  a house martin (欧洲)家燕 [French martelet, alteration of martinet, diminutive of MARTIN]

Marty /ˈmɑ:ti/   马蒂 [人名]

martyr /ˈmɑ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person who is put to death for refusing to renounce a faith or belief 殉教者；殉道者b  a person who suffers for adhering to a principle, cause, etc. (为坚持原则、事业等而受害的)烈士c  a person who suffers or pretends to suffer in order to obtain sympathy or pity (为博得同情和怜悯的)假圣人 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a constant sufferer from (an ailment) (因疾病)长期受苦者 ●v. tr.  1  put to death as a martyr 处死；使殉难 2  torment 折磨 □ make a martyr of oneself   accept or pretend to accept unnecessary discomfort etc. (假装)接受(痛苦等以博得同情) [Old English martir via ecclesiastical Latin martyr from Greek martur, martus -uros ‘witness’]

martyrdom /ˈmɑ:tədəm/ n.  1  the sufferings and death of a martyr 殉难；殉教；殉道 2  torment 折磨 [Old English martyrdōm (as MARTYR, -DOM)]

martyrize /ˈmɑ:təraiz/ v. tr. & refl. (also 亦作 -ise)  make a martyr of 使殉难；把…作牺牲 □ martyrization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

martyrology /mɑ:təˈrɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a list or register of martyrs 殉教(道)者名单 2  the history of martyrs 殉教(道)者列传 □ martyrological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ martyrologist  n.   [medieval Latin martyrologium from ecclesiastical Greek marturologion (as MARTYR, logos ‘account’)]

martyry /ˈmɑ:təri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a shrine or church erected in honour of a martyr 殉教(道、难)者祠(或教堂) [Middle English via medieval Latin martyrium from Greek marturion ‘martyrdom’ (as MARTYR)]

marvel /ˈmɑ:v(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wonderful or astonishing person or thing 惊奇的东西；非凡的人 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a wonderful example of (a quality) (才能)奇特的例子 ●v. intr. (marvelled, marvelling; US [美] marveled, marveling) literary [文学用语]  1 (foll. by 后跟 at, or that + clause)  feel surprise or wonder 惊奇；不可思议 2 (foll. by 后跟 how, why, etc. + clause)  wonder 对…感到惊奇 □ marveller  n.   [Middle English via Old French merveille, merveiller from Late Latin mirabilia, neut. pl. of Latin mirabilis, from mirari ‘wonder at’: see MIRACLE]

marvellous /ˈmɑ:v(ə)ləs/ adj. (US [美] marvelous)  1  astonishing 奇异的；不可思议的 2  excellent 了不起的；极妙的 3  extremely improbable 极不可能的 □ marvellously  adv.  □ marvellousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French merveillos, from merveille: see MARVEL]

marvel of Peru n.  a showy garden plant, Mirabilis jalapa, with flowers opening at dusk (傍晚开花的)紫茉莉；胭脂花

Marxism /ˈmɑ:ksiz(ə)m/ n.  the political and economic theories of Karl Marx, German political philosopher (d. 1883), predicting the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat and the eventual attainment of a classless communist society 马克思主义(理论) (马克思的政治和经济理论，预言无产阶级将推翻资产阶级，最终达到无阶级的共产主义社会) □ Marxist  n. & adj.  

Marxism-Leninism n.  Marxism as developed by Lenin 马克思列宁主义 □ Marxist-Leninist  n. & adj.  

Mary /ˈmeəri/   玛丽 [人名]

marzipan /ˈmɑ:zipæn, mɑ:ziˈpæn/ n. & v. ●n. (also archaic [亦古义] marchpane /ˈmɑ:tʃpein/)  1  a paste of ground almonds, sugar, etc., made up into small cakes etc., or used to coat large cakes (含杏仁粉、糖等的)杏仁蛋白糊(可制小点心等) 2  a piece of marzipan 杏仁蛋白糕 ●v. tr. (marzipanned, marzipanning)  cover with or as with marzipan (似)敷杏仁蛋白糊(状物)于… [German from Italian marzapane]

Masai /ˈmɑ:sai, məˈsai, mɑ:ˈsai/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Masais)  1  a member of a pastoral people of mainly Hamitic stock living in Kenya and Tanzania 马萨伊人(肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚的含米特种族的游牧人) 2  the Nilotic language of the Masai 马萨伊语(属尼洛特语系) ●adj.  of or relating to the Masai or their language (有关)马萨伊人的；(有关)马萨伊语的 [Bantu]

masala /məˈsɑ:lə/ n.  1  any of various spice mixtures ground into a paste or powder for use in Indian cookery (印度烹饪的)调料品 2  a dish flavoured with this (有这种调料味道的)菜肴 [Urdu masɑˉlah, ultimately from Arabic masɑˉlih ‘ingredients, materials’]

mascara /mæˈskɑ:rə/ n.  a cosmetic for darkening the eyelashes 睫毛膏 [Italian mascara, maschera MASK]

mascarpone /mæskəˈpəʊni/ n.  a soft mild Italian cream cheese 马斯卡泊尼乳酪(一种意大利奶酪)

mascle /ˈmɑ:sk(ə)l/ n. Heraldry  a lozenge voided, with a central lozenge-shaped aperture 【纹章学】中有菱形孔的纹章 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Anglo-Latin ma(s)cula from Latin MACULA]

mascon /ˈmæskɒn/ n. Astron.  a concentration of dense matter below the moon's surface, producing a gravitational pull 【天】(月球表面阴暗区下的)质量密集 [mass concentration]

mascot /ˈmæskɒt/ n.  a person, animal, or thing that is supposed to bring good luck 吉祥人；吉祥动物；吉祥物 [French mascotte from modern Provençal mascotto, fem. diminutive of masco ‘witch’]

masculine /ˈmæskjʊlin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of men 男性的；男子的；有男子特征的 2  manly, vigorous 男子气概的；精力充沛的 3 (of a woman) having qualities considered appropriate to a man (女人)有男子特点的 4 Gram.  of or denoting the gender proper to words or grammatical forms classified as male 【语法】阳性的；表示阳性的 ●n. Gram.  the masculine gender; a masculine word 【语法】阳性；阳性词 □ masculinely  adv.  □ masculinity  /-ˈliniti/ n.  □ masculinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French masculin -ine from Latin masculinus (as MALE)]

masculine rhyme n. Prosody  a rhyme between final stressed syllables (e.g. 如 blow/ flow, confess/ redress) (cf. 参见 FEMININE RHYME) 【诗体】阳韵

masculinist /ˈmæskjʊlinist/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 masculist /ˈmæskjʊlist/) ●n.  an advocate of the rights of men 男权主义者；大男子主义者 ●adj.  of or relating to the advocacy of the rights of men (有关)男权主义的，(有关)大男子主义的

maser /ˈmeizə/ n.  a device using the stimulated emission of radiation by excited atoms to amplify or generate coherent monochromatic electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range (cf. 参见 LASER) 微波激射器(增大或产生持续的电磁微波的仪器) [microwave amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation]

mash /mæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a soft mixture 糊状物 2  a mixture of boiled grain, bran, etc., given warm to horses etc. (喂马等的)谷糠(麦麸等)饲料 3 Brit. colloq.  mashed potatoes [英口]土豆泥  sausage and mash  香肠土豆泥 4  a mixture of malt grains and hot water used esp. to form wort for brewing 麦芽浆(尤形成酿酒用的麦芽汁) 5  a soft pulp made by crushing, mixing with water, etc. (尤指与水等一起)捣成糊状的东西 ●v.  1 tr.  reduce (potatoes etc.) to a uniform mass by crushing 把(土豆等)捣成泥状 2 tr.  crush or pound to a pulp 做成浆；捣碎 3 tr.  mix (malt) with hot water to form wort 麦芽与热水混合成麦芽汁 4 dial. [方]  a tr.  infuse, brew (tea) 泡，沏(茶)b intr. (of tea) infuse, draw, brew (茶)沏开，泡开 □ masher  n.   [Old English mɑˉsc from West Germanic: perhaps related to MIX]

mashie /ˈmæʃi/ n. Golf  an iron formerly used for lofting or for medium distances 【高尔夫球】铁头短球棒 [perhaps from French massue ‘club’]

mask /mɑ:sk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a covering for all or part of the face 脸部遮盖物 :a  worn as a disguise, or to appear grotesque and amuse or terrify 面具；面罩b  made of wire, gauze, etc., and worn for protection (e.g. by a fencer) or by a surgeon to prevent infection of a patient (由铁丝、网纱等制成，如同击剑者戴的)防护面具；口罩c  worn to conceal the face at a ball etc. and usu. made of velvet or silk (通常由丝绒及纱制成，在舞会等上戴的)假面具 2  a respirator used to filter inhaled air or to supply gas for inhalation 防毒面具 3  a likeness of a person's face, esp. one made by taking a mould from the face (尤指从人的面部取下的)面模  death mask  蜡模遗容 4  a disguise or pretence 伪装；假装  throw off the mask  摘掉伪装 5  a hollow model of a human head worn by ancient Greek and Roman actors (古希腊、罗马演员的)假面 6 Photog.  a screen used to exclude part of an image 【摄】遮光框；蒙片；蒙罩 7  the face or head of an animal, esp. a fox (动物的)面，头(尤指狐狸) 8  = FACE PACK  9 archaic  a masked person [古义]戴假面具的人 ●v. tr.  1  cover (the face etc.) with a mask (用面具)遮(脸等) 2  disguise or conceal (a taste, one's feelings, etc.) 掩饰；遮蔽(味道、情感等) 3  protect from a process 掩蔽 4 Mil. 【军】  a  conceal (a battery etc.) from the enemy's view 伪装(炮台等)b  hinder (an army etc.) from action by observing with adequate force 阻碍(军队等)行动c  hinder (a friendly force) by standing in its line of fire 妨碍(友军)射击 □ masker  n.   [French masque via Italian maschera from Arabic maskara ‘buffoon’, from sakira ‘to ridicule’]

masked /mɑ:skt/ adj.  wearing or disguised with a mask 戴面具的；伪装的

masked ball n.  a ball at which masks are worn 化装舞会；假面舞会

masking tape n.  adhesive tape used in painting to cover areas on which paint is not wanted 遮蔽胶带(用以遮蔽画上的不需要部位)

maskinonge /ˈmæskinɒn(d)ʒ, -ˈnɒn(d)ʒi/ n.  = MUSKELLUNGE  [ultimately from Ojibwa, = great fish]

masochism /ˈmæsəkiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a form of (esp. sexual) perversion characterized by gratification derived from one's own pain or humiliation (cf. 参见 SADISM) (尤指性)自我虐待，受虐色情狂 2 colloq.  the enjoyment of what appears to be painful or tiresome [口]受虐待狂 □ masochist  n.  □ masochistic  /-ˈkistik/ adj.  □ masochistically  /-ˈkistik(ə)li/ adv.   [named after L. von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian novelist d. 1895, who described cases of it]

mason /ˈmeis(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who builds with stone 石匠 2 (作 Mason)  a Freemason 共济会成员；(中世纪)石工工会会员 ●v. tr.  build or strengthen with masonry 用石造(加固) [Middle English from Old French masson, maçonner, Old Norman French machun, probably ultimately from Germanic]

Mason-Dixon Line /meis(ə)nˈdiks(ə)n/ n. (in the US) the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania, taken as the northern limit of the slave-owning states before the abolition of slavery (美国)梅森－狄克森线(在马里兰州与宾夕法尼亚州之间，废除黑奴制前为美国南部和北部的标志) [named after C. Mason & J. Dixon, 18th-c. English astronomers, who surveyed it]

Masonic /məˈsɒnik/ adj.  of or relating to Freemasons (有关)石工工会会员的；(有关)共济会会员的

masonry /ˈmeis(ə)nri/ n.  1  a  the work of a mason 石工b  stonework 石建筑 2 (作 Masonry)  Freemasonry 石工工会会员；共济会会员 [Middle English from Old French maçonerie (as MASON)]

mason's mark n.  a device carved on stone by the mason who dressed it 石匠在石件上所刻的印记

Masorah /məˈsɔ:rə/ n. (also 亦作 Massorah)  a body of traditional information and comment on the text of the Hebrew Bible 马所拉(希伯来语《圣经》中的传统资料和论述) [Hebrew mɑˉsōret, perhaps = bond]

Masorete /ˈmæsəri:t/ n. (also 亦作 Massorete)  a Jewish scholar contributing to the Masorah (犹太教)马所拉学者 □ Masoretic  /-ˈretik/ adj.   [French Massoret & modern Latin Massoreta, originally a misuse of Hebrew (see MASORAH), assimilated to -ETE]

masque /mɑ:sk/ n.  1  a dramatic and musical entertainment esp. of the 16th and 17th c., originally of pantomime, later with metrical dialogue (尤指 16 至 17 世纪流行的)假面剧 2  a dramatic composition for this 假面剧剧本 □ masquer  n.   [variant of MASK]

masquerade /mɑ:skəˈreid, mæs-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a false show or pretence 伪装；假扮 2  a masked ball 化装(假面)舞会 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  appear in disguise, assume a false appearance 假扮；假冒 □ masquerader  n.   [French mascarade from Spanish mascarada, from mɑˊscara ‘mask’]

Mass /mæs/ n. (also 亦作 mass)  1  the Eucharist, esp. in the Roman Catholic Church (尤指罗马天主教会的)圣餐；圣体 2  a celebration of this 弥撒(圣体、圣事庆典) 3  the liturgy used in the Mass 圣餐仪式 4  a musical setting of parts of this 弥撒曲 [Old English mœsse via ecclesiastical Latin missa from Latin mittere miss- ‘dismiss’, perhaps from the concluding dismissal Ite, missa est ‘Go, it is the dismissal’]

Mass. abbr. [缩略]  Massachusetts 

mass /mæs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a coherent body of matter of indefinite shape (物质的)团，块 2  a dense aggregation of objects 一堆  a mass of fibres  一堆纤维 3 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  a large number or amount 大量；众多 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an unbroken expanse (of colour etc.) (颜色等)一大块 5 (prec. by 前接 a; foll. by 后跟 of)  covered or abounding in 一片  was a mass of cuts and bruises  一片擦伤 6  a main portion (of a painting etc.) as perceived by the eye (绘画等)主体部分 7 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the majority 大多数b (in pl. 用复数)  the ordinary people 群众 8 Physics  the quantity of matter a body contains 【物理学】物质 9 (作 attrib.)  relating to, done by, or affecting large numbers of people or things; large-scale (人或物)众多的；群众性的，大规模的  mass audience  大量观众 mass action  大规模行动 mass murder  大屠杀 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  assemble into a mass or as one body 集中；聚集  massed bands  密集的人群 2 Mil. (with reference to troops) concentrate or be concentrated 【军】(有关部队)集结 □ in the mass   in the aggregate 整体上；总的来说□ massless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French masse, masser and Latin massa from Greek maza ‘barley-cake’: perhaps related to massō ‘knead’]

massacre /ˈmæsəkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a general slaughter (of persons, occasionally of animals) (对人，有时对动物的)大屠杀；大批宰杀 2 colloq.  an utter defeat or destruction [口]惨败；毁坏 ●v. tr.  1  murder (esp. a large number of people) cruelly or violently 屠杀(尤指大量人群)；杀戮 2 colloq.  defeat heavily; destroy [口]彻底打败；摧毁 [Old French, of unknown origin]

massage /ˈmæsɑ:ʒ, mæˈsɑ:ʒ, -dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the rubbing, kneading, etc., of muscles and joints of the body with the hands, to stimulate their action, cure strains, etc. (用手按摩肌肉、关节的)按摩术；推拿法(增进活动功能、治愈扭伤等) 2  an instance of this 按摩；推拿 ●v. tr.  1  apply massage to 给…按摩 2  manipulate (statistics) to give an acceptable result 窜改(统计数字)使能过关 3  flatter (a person's ego etc.) 奉承；讨好(某人的自尊等) □ massager  n.   [French, from masser ‘treat with massage’, perhaps via Portuguese amassar ‘knead’, from massa ‘dough’: see MASS]

massage parlour n.  1  an establishment providing massage 按摩院 2 euphem.  a brothel [婉]妓院

massasauga /mæsəˈsɔ:ɡə/ n.  a small N. American rattlesnake, Sistrurus catenatus (北美)侏响尾蛇，小响尾蛇 [formed irregularly from the name of the Mississagi River, Ontario]

mass defect n.  the difference between the mass of an isotope and its mass number 质量亏损

mass energy n.  a body's ability to do work according to its mass 质能

masseter /mæˈsi:tə/ n. (in full 全称 masseter muscle)  either of two chewing muscles which run from the temporal bone to the lower jaw 咬肌 [Greek masētēr from masaomai ‘chew’]

masseur /mæˈsɜ:/ n. (fem. masseuse /mæˈsɜ:z/)  a person who provides massage professionally 职业按摩师 [French from masser: see MASSAGE]

massicot /ˈmæsikɒt/ n.  yellow lead monoxide, used as a pigment 铅黄；天然一氧化铅(用作颜料) [French, perhaps related to Italian marzacotto ‘unguent’, probably from Arabic mashakūnyɑˉ]

massif /ˈmæsif, mæˈsi:f/ n.  a compact group of mountain heights 山丘；地块；断层块 [French massif MASSIVE, used as noun]

massive /ˈmæsiv/ adj.  1  large and heavy or solid 大而重的；厚实的 2 (of the features, head, etc.) relatively large; of solid build (面貌、头等)魁伟的；结实的 3  exceptionally large 巨大的  took a massive overdose  用大剂量 4  substantial, impressive 坚实的，给人印象深刻的  a massive reputation  闻名遐尔 5 Mineral.  not visibly crystalline 【矿】非晶质的 6 Geol.  without structural divisions 【地质】块状的，大块的 □ massively  adv.  □ massiveness  n.   [Middle English via French massif -ive from Old French massiz, ultimately from Latin massa MASS]

mass market n. & v. ●n.  the market for mass-produced goods 畅销 ●v. tr. (作 mass-market)  market (a product) on a large scale 大量售出(某产品)

mass media n.  = MEDIA1 2 

mass noun n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a noun denoting something which cannot be counted (e.g. a substance or quality), in English usu. a noun which lacks a plural in common usage and is not used with an indefinite article, e.g. luggage, china, happiness Also called 亦称作 uncountable or uncount noun 不可数名词 2  a noun denoting something which usually cannot be counted, but is countable when it refers to units or types of something, e.g. coffee, bread 物质名词(通常不可数，表示单位、品种时可数)  drank some coffee  喝点咖啡 ordered two coffees  叫两份咖啡 ate some bread  吃点面包 stocks several different breads  储备不同种类的面包

mass number n.  the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (原子)质量数

mass observation n. Brit. esp. hist.  the study and recording of the social habits and opinions of ordinary people [英尤史义]民意调查

Massorah var.  of MASORAH  MASORAH 的变体

Massorete var.  of MASORETE  MASORETE 的变体

mass production n.  the production of large quantities of a standardized article by a standardized mechanical process 大量生产；成批生产 □ mass-produce  v. tr.  

mass spectrograph n.  a mass spectrometer which uses photographic detection 质谱仪

mass spectrometer n.  an apparatus separating isotopes, molecules, and molecular fragments according to mass by their passage in ionic form through electric and magnetic fields 质谱测定计

mass spectrum n.  the distribution of ions shown by the use of a mass spectrograph or mass spectro-meter 质谱

massé /ˈmæsei/ n. Billiards  a stroke made with the cue more or less vertical 【台球】立杆击球 [French, past part. of masser, to make such a stroke (as MACE1)]

mast1 /mɑ:st/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long upright post of timber, iron, etc., set up on a ship's keel, esp. to support sails 船桅(木制或铁制，尤以支撑船帆) 2  a post or lattice-work upright for supporting a radio or television aerial 天线杆 3  a flagpole 旗杆  half mast  离杆顶一半的地方 4 (in full 全称 mooring-mast)  a strong steel tower to the top of which an airship can be moored (停飞船的)栓柱塔 ●v. tr.  furnish (a ship) with masts 给(船)安装桅杆 □ before the mast   serving as an ordinary seaman (quartered in the forecastle) 作为普通水手(宿于船首楼内的水手舱)□ masted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ master  n.   [Old English mœst, from West Germanic]

mast2 /mɑ:st/ n.  the fruit of the beech, oak, chestnut, and other forest trees, esp. as food for pigs, birds, etc. 山毛榉、橡、栗等树的果实(尤作猪、鸟等的饲料) [Old English mœst from West Germanic: probably related to MEAT]

mastaba /ˈmæstəbə/ n.  1 Archaeol.  an ancient Egyptian tomb with sloping sides and a flat roof 【考古】(古埃及)平顶斜坡坟墓 2  a bench, usu. of stone, attached to a house in Islamic countries 条凳(通常石质) [Arabic mastabah]

mast cell n.  a cell in connective tissue which releases histamine etc. during inflammatory and allergic reactions 肥大细胞(结缔组织在发炎和过敏时释放组胺等)

mastectomy /mæˈstektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a breast 乳房切除术 [Greek mastos ‘breast’ + -ECTOMY]

master /ˈmɑ:stə/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person having control of persons or things 主人b  an employer 雇主c  a male head of a household (家庭)男主人  master of the house  户主d  the owner of a dog, horse, etc. (狗、马等的)主人e  the owner of a slave 奴隶主f Naut.  the captain of a merchant ship 【海】商船船长g Hunting  the person in control of a pack of hounds etc. 【狩猎】掌管(狗群等)的人 2  a male teacher or tutor, esp. a schoolmaster 男教师；男家庭教师(尤指校长) 3  a  the head of a college, school, etc. 院长(校长等)b  the presiding officer of a livery company, Masonic lodge, etc. 同业工会(石匠工会支部等)的主持人 4  a person who has or gets the upper hand 占优势者  we shall see which of us is master  咱们来看看我们之中谁能获胜 5  a  a person skilled in a particular trade and able to teach others 能手；师傅 often 常作 attrib.: master carpenter  手艺高超的木工匠b  a skilled practitioner 善…的人  a master of innuendo  暗讽大师 6  a holder of a university degree originally giving authority to teach in the university 硕士  Master of Arts  文科硕士 Master of Science  理科硕士 7  a  a reverend teacher in philosophy etc. (哲学等的)导师b (作 the Master)  Christ 耶稣基督 8  a great artist 大师；名家 9 Chess  etc. a player of proved ability at international level 【棋类】(国际知名的)大师级 10  an original version (e.g. of a film or gramophone record) from which a series of copies can be made (如电影、唱片)原带，母带；模版 11 (作 Master)  a  a title prefixed to the name of a boy not old enough to be called Mr (Master T. Jones 琼斯少爷 ; Master Tom 汤姆少爷) (置于人名前作称呼)…少爷b archaic  a title for a man of high rank, learning, etc. [古义] (置于高职位、高学问者之前作称呼)…长；…官 12 (in England and Wales) an official of the Supreme Court (英格兰、威尔士)最高法院的法官 13  a machine or device directly controlling another (cf. 参见 SLAVE n. 4) 主导装置，母机 14 (作 Master)  a courtesy title of the heir apparent of a Scottish viscount or baron (对苏格兰子爵、男爵长子的尊称)大少爷  the Master of Falkland  福克兰大少爷 ●adj.  1  commanding, superior 支配的；统治的；优秀的  a master spirit  杰出人才 2  main, principal 主要的，最重要的  master bedroom  主卧室 3  controlling others 主导的  master plan  总体设计 ●v. tr.  1  overcome, defeat 克服；打败；战胜 2  reduce to subjection 征服；制服 3  acquire complete knowledge of (a subject) or facility in using (an instrument etc.) 掌握(某学科)；精通(仪器等) 4  rule as a master 统治；控制；作主人 □ be master of   1  have at one's disposal 能自由处理(控制)；拥有 2  know how to control 能控制□ be one's own master   be independent or free to do as one wishes 独立自主□ make oneself master of   acquire a thorough knowledge of or facility in using 熟练掌握；精通□ masterdom  n.  □ masterhood  n.  □ masterless  adj.   [Old English mœgester (later reinforced by Old French maistre) from Latin magister, probably related to magis ‘more’]

Master Aircrew n.  an RAF rank equivalent to warrant officer (皇家空军)准尉

master-at-arms n. (pl. masters-at-arms)  the chief police officer on a man-of-war or a merchant ship 舰艇(商船)纠察长

masterclass /ˈmɑ:stəklɑ:s/ n.  a class given by a person of distinguished skill, esp. in music 高级(尤指音乐)讲习班

masterful /ˈmɑ:stəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  imperious, domineering 专横的；好支配人的 2  masterly 熟练的；巧妙的 □ masterfully  adv.  □ masterfulness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 Masterful is normally used of a person, whereas masterly is used of achievements, abilities, etc. masterful 通常用于人，而 masterly 用于成就、能力等。 

master hand n.  1  a person having commanding power or great skill 能手；有高超技艺的人 2  the action of such a person 熟练的技巧；高超的技艺

master key n.  a key that opens several locks, each of which also has its own key 万能钥匙

masterly /ˈmɑ:stəli/ adj.  worthy of a master; very skilful 技能高超的；熟练的  a masterly piece of work  一幅杰作 □ masterliness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at MASTERFUL. 见 MASTERFUL 的用法说明。 

master mariner n.  1  the captain of a merchant ship 商船船长 2  a seaman certified competent to be captain 能胜任船长的水手

master mason n.  1  a skilled mason, or one in business on his or her own account 技艺高超的石匠；石匠头 2  a fully qualified Freemason, who has passed the third degree (第三级)石匠工会会员

mastermind /ˈmɑ:stəmaind/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person with an outstanding intellect 极具才智者b  such an intellect 才子；大智者 2  the person directing an intricate operation 出谋划策者 ●v. tr.  plan and direct (a scheme or enterprise) 对(方案或企业)出谋划策

Master of Ceremonies n.  1 (also 亦作 MC)  a person introducing speakers at a banquet, or entertainers in a variety show 主持人 2  a person in charge of ceremonies at a state or public occasion 司仪；典礼官

Master of the Rolls n. (in England and Wales) a judge who presides over the Court of Appeal and was formerly in charge of the Public Record Office (英国、威尔士)主事官

masterpiece /ˈmɑ:stəpi:s/ n.  1  an outstanding piece of artistry or workmanship 杰作；名著 2  a person's best work 个人最杰出的作品

mastership /ˈmɑ:stəʃip/ n.  1  the position or function of a master, esp. a schoolmaster (尤指校长)职位(身份) 2  dominion, control 统治；控制；支配

mastersinger /ˈmɑ:stəsiŋə/ n.  = MEISTERSINGER 

master stroke n.  an outstandingly skilful act of policy etc. (政策等)妙举；高招

master switch n.  a switch controlling the supply of electricity etc. to an entire system (电等的)主控开关；总开关

master touch n.  a masterly manner of dealing with something (处世的)老练之举

masterwork /ˈmɑ:stəwɜ:k/ n.  a masterpiece 杰作

mastery /ˈmɑ:st(ə)ri/ n.  1  dominion, sway 支配；控制 2  masterly skill 熟巧的技能 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  comprehensive knowledge or use of a subject or instrument 精通；掌握 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  the upper hand 优势 [Middle English from Old French maistrie (as MASTER)]

masthead /ˈmɑ:sthed/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the highest part of a ship's mast, esp. that of a lower mast as a place of observation or punishment 桅头；桅顶(稍下部用作观察或惩罚处) 2  a  the title of a newspaper etc. at the head of the front or editorial page (报刊等的)刊头b N. Amer.  the listed details in a newspaper etc. referring to ownership, advertising rates, etc. [北美] (报纸等的)报头栏；版权页(载有发行人、广告收费率等) ●v. tr.  1  send (a sailor) to the masthead 派(水手)上桅顶 2  raise (a sail) to its position on the mast 升(帆)到杆顶

mastic /ˈmæstik/ n.  1  a gum or resin exuded from the bark of the mastic tree, used in making varnish 乳香 2 (in full 全称 mastic tree)  the evergreen tree, Pistacia lentiscus, yielding this 乳香树 3  a waterproof filler and sealant used in building 胶合铺料，胶黏剂 4  a liquor flavoured with mastic gum 乳香酒 [Middle English via Old French, Late Latin mastichum, and Latin mastiche from Greek mastikhē, perhaps from mastikhaō (see MASTICATE) with reference to its use as chewing gum]

masticate /ˈmæstikeit/ v. tr.  grind or chew (food) with one's teeth 咀嚼(食品) □ mastication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ masticator  n.  □ masticatory  adj.   [Late Latin masticare masticat- from Greek mastikhaō ‘gnash the teeth’]

mastiff /ˈmæstif, ˈmɑ:-/ n.  1  a dog of a large strong breed with drooping ears and pendulous lips 獒，大驯犬 2  this breed of dog 种獒 [Middle English, related to Old French mastin, ultimately from Latin mansuetus ‘tame’: see MANSUETUDE]

mastitis /mæˈstaitis/ n.  an inflammation of the mammary gland (the breast or udder) 乳腺炎 [Greek mastos ‘breast’ + -ITIS]

mastodon /ˈmæstədɒn/ n.  a large extinct mammal of the genus Mammut, resembling the elephant (大型已灭绝的哺乳动物)乳齿象 □ mastodontic  /-ˈdɒntik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek mastos ‘breast’ + odous odontos ‘tooth’ with reference to nipple-shaped tubercles on the crowns of its molar teeth]

mastoid /ˈmæstɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. esp. Anat.  shaped like a woman's breast (尤)【解】乳突的 ●n.  1 Anat. 【解】  = MASTOID PROCESS  2 colloq.  mastoiditis [口]乳突炎 [French mastoïde or modern Latin mastoides from Greek mastoeidēs, from mastos ‘breast’]

mastoiditis /mæstɔiˈdaitis/ n.  inflammation of the mastoid process 乳突炎

mastoid process n.  a conical prominence on the temporal bone behind the ear, to which muscles are attached 乳突

masturbate /ˈmæstəbeit/ v. intr. & tr.  arouse oneself sexually or cause (another person) to be aroused by manual stimulation of the genitals 手淫；(使) (他人)手淫 □ masturbation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ masturbator  n.  □ masturbatory  adj.   [Latin masturbari masturbat-]

mat1 /mæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of coarse material for wiping shoes on, esp. a doormat (尤指门口的)地垫，地席 2  a piece of cork, rubber, plastic, etc., to protect a surface from the heat or moisture of an object placed on it (软木、橡胶、塑料等的)护垫 3  a piece of resilient material for landing on in gymnastics, wrestling, etc. (体操、摔跤等)垫子 4  a piece of coarse fabric of plaited rushes, straw, etc., for lying on, packing furniture, etc. (灯心草、稻草等编织的)草垫(供躺卧、包装家具等) 5  a small rug 小地毯 ●v. (matted, matting)  1  a tr. (esp. as 尤作 matted adj.)  entangle in a thick mass 缠结在一起的  matted hair  乱蓬蓬的头发b intr.  become matted 缠结 2 tr.  cover or furnish with mats 盖上(铺上)垫子 □ on the mat  slang  being reprimanded (originally in the army, on the orderly room mat before the commanding officer) [俚语]被(指挥官)训斥(原用于部队) [Old English m(e)att(e) via West Germanic from Late Latin matta]

mat2 /mæt/ n.  = MATRIX 1  [abbreviation]

matador /ˈmætədɔ:/ n.  1  a bullfighter whose task is to kill the bull 斗牛士 2  a principal card in ombre, quadrille, etc. (翁博、 40 张牌等牌戏中的)王牌 3  a domino game in which the piece played must make a total of seven 一种多米诺牌戏 [Spanish from matar ‘kill’, from Persian mɑˉt ‘dead’]

Mata Hari /mɑ:tə ˈhɑ:ri/ n.  a beautiful and seductive female spy 玛塔·哈里(性感美貌女间谍) [name taken by M. G. Zelle, d. 1917, from Malay mata ‘eye’ + hari ‘day’]

match1 /mætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a contest or game of skill etc. in which persons or teams compete against each other (技艺等)比赛；竞赛 2  a  a person able to contend with another as an equal 对手；敌手  meet one's match  遇到对手 be more than a match for  胜过…b  a person equal to another in some quality 相匹配(敌)的人  we shall never see his match  我们永远看不到能与他匹敌的对手c  a person or thing exactly like or corresponding to another 相似的人(或物) 3  a marriage 婚姻 4  a person viewed in regard to his or her eligibility for marriage, esp. as to rank or fortune (尤指根据地位或财富选定的)婚姻对象  an excellent match  般配的婚姻 ●v.  1  a tr.  be equal to or harmonious with; correspond to in some essential respect 与…相匹配，相称  the curtains match the wallpaper  窗帘与墙纸相配b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  correspond; harmonize 相当；一致  his socks do not match  他的袜子不相配 does the ribbon match with your hat?  丝带和你的帽子相配吗？ 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 against, with)  place (a person etc.) in conflict, contest, or competition with (another) 使(某人等与他人)较量，相抗，比赛 3 tr.  find material etc. that matches (another) 使(某物等与他物)相称，相配  can you match this silk?  你能找一块与这相配的丝绸吗？ 4 tr.  find (a person or thing) suitable for another 使(某人或某物)适合  matching unemployed workers with vacant posts  使失业工人找到适当的工作空缺 5 tr.  prove to be a match for 与(…)相配 6 tr. Electronics  produce or have an adjustment of (circuits) such that maximum power is transmitted between them 【电子学】使(电路)相匹配 7 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) archaic  join (a person) with another in marriage [古义]使(某人)结婚 □ make a match   bring about a marriage 做媒□ match up  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fit to form a whole; tally 使拼成一个整体(一致符合)□ match up to   be as good as or equal to 相当；比得上□ to match   corresponding in some essential respect with what has been mentioned 与之相配  yellow dress with gloves to match  黄衣服与这副手套相配□ matchable  adj.   [Old English gemœcca ‘mate, companion’, from Germanic]

match2 /mætʃ/ n.  1  a short thin piece of wood, wax, etc., tipped with a composition that can be ignited by friction 火柴 2  a piece of wick, cord, etc., designed to burn at a uniform rate, for firing a cannon etc. (点着大炮等的)导火线；火绳 [Middle English from Old French mesche, meiche, perhaps from Latin myxa ‘spout of a lamp’, in medieval Latin ‘lamp-wick’]

matchboard /ˈmætʃbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a tongue cut along one edge and a groove along another, so as to fit with similar boards 企口板

matchbox /ˈmætʃbɒks/ n.  a box for holding matches 火柴盒

matchet var.  of MACHETE  MACHETE 的变体

matchless /ˈmætʃlis/ adj.  without an equal, incomparable 无比的；无对手的；无敌的 □ matchlessly  adv.  

matchlock /ˈmætʃlɒk/ n. hist. [史义]  1  an old type of gun with a lock in which a match was placed for igniting the powder 火绳枪 2  such a lock (制动)火绳

matchmaker /ˈmætʃmeikə/ n.  1  a person who arranges marriages 媒人 2  a person who schemes to bring couples together 好作媒的人 □ matchmaking  n.  

matchplay /ˈmætʃplei/ n. Golf  play in which the score is reckoned by counting the holes won by each side (cf. 参见 STROKE PLAY) 【高尔夫球】记球入穴所得分数的比赛

match point n.  1 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  the state of a game when one side needs only one more point to win the match 需一分定胜负的比赛b  this point 决胜点 2 Bridge  a unit of scoring in matches and tournaments 【桥牌】比赛记分单位，比赛分

matchstick /ˈmætʃstik/ n.  the stem of a match 火柴杆

matchwood /ˈmætʃwʊd/ n.  1  wood suitable for matches 制火柴木料 2  minute splinters 碎片 □ make matchwood of   smash utterly 粉碎

mate1 /meit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a friend or fellow worker 伙伴；同事 2 Brit. colloq.  a general form of address, esp. to another man [英口] (尤指对他人的亲密称呼)老兄 3  a  each of a pair, esp. of birds (尤指一对鸟中的)一只b colloq.  a partner in marriage [口]配偶c (in comb. 用于复合词)  a fellow member or joint occupant of 参与同一活动(或同享食宿)的人  team-mate  队友 room-mate  室友 4 Naut.  an officer on a merchant ship subordinate to the master 【海】大副 5  an assistant to a skilled worker 助手  plumber's mate  管子工的助手 ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  a tr.  bring (animals or birds) together for breeding 使(动物或鸟)交配b intr. (of animals or birds) come together for breeding (动物或鸟)交配 2  a tr.  join (persons) in marriage 使(人)成婚；使成配偶b intr. (of persons) be joined in marriage (人)结婚；成配偶 3 intr. Mech.  fit well 【机】紧密配合 □ mateless  adj.   [Middle English via Middle Low German mate, from gemate ‘messmate’, from West Germanic: related to MEAT]

mate2 /meit/ n. & v. tr. Chess 【棋类】  = CHECKMATE  □ fool's mate   a series of moves in which the first player is mated at the second player's second move 走第二步棋时就被对方将死□ scholar's mate   a series of moves in which the second player is mated at the first player's fourth move 四步将死对手 [Middle English from French mat(er): see CHECKMATE]

matelot /ˈmætləʊ/ n. (also 亦作 matlow, matlo) Brit. slang  a sailor [英] [俚语]水手 [French]

matelote /ˈmæt(ə)ləʊt, 法 matlɔt/ n.  a dish of fish etc. with a sauce of wine and onions (酒、洋葱等)调料汁炖鱼 [French (as MATELOT)]

mater /ˈmeitə/ n. Brit. slang  mother [英] [俚语]母亲 [Latin]■Usage 用法说明 Mater is now only found in jocular or affected use. Mater 现今只用在诙谐或做作的用法中。 

materfamilias /meitəfəˈmiliæs/ n.  the woman head of a family or household (cf. 参见 PATERFAMILIAS) 主妇 [Latin, from mater ‘mother’ + familia FAMILY]

material /məˈtiəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the matter from which a thing is made 原料 2  cloth, fabric 布料；织物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  things needed for an activity 材料；设备；用具  building materials  建筑材料 cleaning materials  清洁用具 writing materials  文具 4  a person or thing of a specified kind or suitable for a purpose (适用于某一用途的)人才(物资)  officer material  当官的料 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  information etc. to be used in writing a book etc. (写作等用的)素材(资料)  experimental material  实验资料 materials for a biography  自传素材 6 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数 , often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the elements or constituent parts of a substance 质料；物质；组成部分 ●adj.  1  of matter; corporeal 物质的；肉体的；有形的 2  concerned with bodily comfort etc. 有关肉体(身体等)舒适的  material well-being  身体健康 3 (of conduct, points of view, etc.) not spiritual (行为、观点等)追求实利的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  important, essential, relevant 重要的；实质的；关连的  at the material time  在重要时刻 material witness  有决定性影响的证据 5  concerned with the matter, not the form, of reasoning 实质上的；实体上的；内容上的 □ materiality  /-iˈæliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French materiel, -al and Late Latin materialis from Latin (as MATTER)]

materialism /məˈtiəriəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort to be more important than spiritual values (注重物质利益的)实利主义，物质主义 2 Philos. 【哲】  a  the opinion that nothing exists but matter and its movements and modifications 唯物论b  the doctrine that consciousness and will are wholly due to material agency 唯物主义(理论) 3 Art  a tendency to lay stress on the material aspect of objects 【艺术】写实主义 □ materialist  n. & adj.  □ materialistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ materialistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

materialize /məˈtiəriəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  become actual fact 具体化，实现 2  a tr.  cause (a spirit) to appear in bodily form 使(鬼魂)显形b intr. (of a spirit) appear in this way (鬼魂)显形 3 intr. colloq.  appear or be present when expected [口]出现；到场 4 tr.  represent or express in material form 以具体形式体现 5 tr.  make materialistic 使物质化 □ materialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

materially /məˈtiəriəli/ adv.  1  substantially, considerably 实质上地；相当地 2  in respect of matter 物质上

materia medica /məˈtiəriə ˈmedikə/ n.  1  the remedial substances used in the practice of medicine 药物 2  the study of the origin and properties of these substances 药物学 [modern Latin, translation of Greek hulē iatrikē ‘healing material’]

maternal /məˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like a mother 母亲的；像母亲的 2  motherly 母性的 3  related through the mother 母系的  maternal uncle  舅舅 4  of the mother in pregnancy and childbirth 怀孕的；产妇的 □ maternalism  n.  □ maternalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ maternally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French maternel or Latin maternus, from mater ‘mother’]

maternity /məˈtɜ:niti/ n.  1  motherhood 母性；母亲身份 2  motherliness 母爱；慈母心 3 (作 attrib.)  a  for women during and just after childbirth 怀孕的；产妇的  maternity hospital  妇产医院 maternity leave  产假b  suitable for a pregnant woman 适用于孕妇的  maternity dress  孕妇服 maternity wear  (总称)孕妇服 [French maternité via medieval Latin maternitas -tatis from Latin maternus, from mater ‘mother’]

mateship /ˈmeitʃip/ n. Austral.  companionship, fellowship [澳]友谊，友情

matey /ˈmeiti/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 maty) Brit. [英] ●adj. (matier, matiest) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  sociable; familiar and friendly 好交友的；平易近人的；友好的 ●n. (pl. -eys) Brit. colloq. (usu. as a form of address 通常用作称呼)  mate, companion [英口]伙计；伙伴 □ mateyness  n. (also 亦作 matiness)  □ matily  adv.  

math /mæθ/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  mathematics (cf. 参见 MATHS) [北美口]数学 [abbreviation]

mathematical /mæθ(ə)ˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to mathematics (有关)数学的 2 (of a proof etc.) rigorously precise (证据等)精确的；确定无疑的 □ mathematically  adv.   [French mathématique or Latin mathematicus from Greek mathēmatikos, via mathēma -matos ‘science’ from manthanō ‘learn’]

mathematical induction n.  = INDUCTION 3b 

mathematical tables n. pl.  tables of logarithms and trigonometric values etc. (查对数、三角值等的)数学用表

mathematics /mæθ(ə)ˈmætiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the abstract science of number, quantity, and space studied in its own right (pure mathematics), or as applied to other disciplines such as physics, engineering, etc. (applied mathematics) 数学(指纯粹数学或运用于其他学科(如物理、工程等)的应用数学) 2 (often treated as pl. 常看作复数)  the mathematical aspects of something 数学计算 □ mathematician  /-məˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [probably from French mathématiques (pl.) via Latin mathematica from Greek mathēmatika: see MATHEMATICAL]

maths /mæθs/ n. Brit. colloq.  mathematics (cf. 参见 MATH) [英口]数学 [abbreviation]

Matilda /məˈtildə/ n. Austral. slang  a bushman's bundle; a swag [澳] [俚语]行囊；背包 □ waltz (or walk) Matilda   carry a swag 背着行囊徒步旅行 [the name Matilda]

matins /ˈmætinz/ n. (also 亦作 mattins) (as sing or pl. 作单数或复数)  1  a  a service of morning prayer in the Anglican Church (英国国教的)晨祷b  the office of one of the canonical hours of prayer, properly a night office, but also recited with lauds at daybreak or on the previous evening 诵念申正经的祈祷(但也和赞美经相接) 2 (also 亦作 matin) poet.  the morning song of birds [诗] (鸟的)晨歌 [Middle English via Old French matines from ecclesiastical Latin matutinas, accusative fem. pl. adj. from Latin matutinus ‘of the morning’ from Matuta, the name of the dawn-goddess]

matinée /ˈmætinei/ n. (also 亦作 matinee)  an afternoon performance in the theatre, cinema, etc. (剧场、影院等的)午后的演出；午场 [French, = what occupies a morning, from matin ‘morning’ (as MATINS)]

matinée coat n. (also 亦作 matinée jacket) Brit.  a baby's short coat [英]婴儿短外套

matinée idol n.  a handsome actor admired chiefly by women (妇女崇拜的)英俊男演员

matlo (also 亦作 matlow) var.  of MATELOT MATELOT 的变体

matrass /ˈmætrəs/ n. Chem.  a long-necked glass vessel with a round or oval body, used for distilling etc. 【化】(长颈圆形或卵形)蒸馏瓶 [French matras, of uncertain origin]

matriarch /ˈmeitriɑ:k/ n.  a woman who is the head of a family or tribe 女家长；女族长 □ matriarchal  /-ˈɑ:k(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin mater ‘mother’, on the false analogy of PATRIARCH]

matriarchy /ˈmeitriɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a system of society, government, etc. ruled by a woman or women and with descent through the female line (社会、政府等的)母系社会；母权制；妇女统治

matric /məˈtrik/ n. Brit. colloq. hist.  matriculation [英口史义]录取入学；注册入学；入学考试 [abbreviation]

matrices pl.  of MATRIX  

matricide /ˈmætrisaid, ˈmeitri-/ n.  1  the killing of one's mother 弑母 2  a person who commits matricide 弑母者 □ matricidal  adj.   [Latin matricida, matricidium from mater matris ‘mother’]

matriculate /məˈtrikjʊleit/ v.  1 intr.  be enrolled at a college or university 注册入大学 2 tr.  admit (a student) to membership of a college or university 录取(某学生)入大学 □ matriculatory  adj.   [medieval Latin matriculare matriculat- ‘enrol’ from Late Latin matricula ‘register’, diminutive of Latin MATRIX]

matriculation /mətrikjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of matriculating 录取入学；注册入学 2 hist.  an examination to qualify for this [史义]入学考试

matrilineal /mætriˈliniəl/ adj.  of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line (基于)母系的；(基于)母方(或女方)相传的 □ matrilineally  adv.   [Latin mater matris ‘mother’ + LINEAL]

matrilocal /mætriˈləʊk(ə)l/ adj.  of or denoting a custom in marriage where the husband goes to live with the wife's community (婚后)居住在女方的；入赘的 [Latin mater matris ‘mother’ + LOCAL]

matrimony /ˈmætriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the rite of marriage 婚礼 2  the state of being married 婚姻状态；婚姻关系 □ matrimonial  /-ˈməʊniəl/ adj.  □ matrimonially  /-ˈməʊniəli/ adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French matrimonie, Old French matremoi(g)ne from Latin matrimonium, from mater matris ‘mother’]

matrix /ˈmeitriks/ n. (pl. matrices /-si:z/ or matrixes)  1  a mould in which a thing is cast or shaped, such as a gramophone record, printing type, etc. (唱片、铅字等的)字模；型板；纸型；铸型；阴模 2  a  an environment or substance in which a thing is developed 母体；基质；摇篮；发源地b  a womb 子宫 3  a mass of fine-grained rock in which gems, fossils, etc., are embedded (含宝石、化石等的)斑晶；脉石 4 Math.  a rectangular array of elements in rows and columns that is treated as a single entity 【数】矩阵 5 Biol.  the substance between cells or in which structures are embedded 【生】间质；衬质细胞 6 Computing  a gridlike array of interconnected circuit elements 【计算】阵，矩阵 [Latin, = breeding-female, womb, register, from mater matris ‘mother’]

matrix printer n.  = DOT MATRIX PRINTER 

matron /ˈmeitr(ə)n/ n.  1  a married woman, esp. a dignified and sober one (尤指有身份的)已婚妇女 2  a woman managing the domestic arrangements of a school etc. (学校等的)女舍监 3 Brit.  a woman in charge of the nursing in a hospital [英]护士长 □ matronhood  n.   [Middle English via Old French matrone from Latin matrona, from mater matris ‘mother’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 3, senior nursing officer is now the official term. 在释义 3 中，正式用法为 senior nursing officer 护士长。 

matronly /ˈmeitr(ə)nli/ adj.  like or characteristic of a matron, esp. in respect of staidness or portliness 主妇似的；(就庄重、端庄而言)适合主妇身份的

matron of honour n.  a married woman attending the bride at a wedding 已婚女傧相

Matt /mæt/   马特 [人名]

Matt. abbr.  Matthew (esp. in the New Testament) [缩略] (尤指《圣经·新约》中的)《马太福音》

matt /mæt/ adj., n. & v. (also 亦作 matte) ●adj. (of a colour, surface, etc.) dull, without lustre (颜色、表面等)无光泽的；暗淡的 ●n.  1  a border of dull gold round a framed picture (暗淡金色)框边 2 (in full 全称 matt paint)  paint formulated to give a dull flat finish (cf. 参见 GLOSS1 n. 3) 无光泽油漆 3  the appearance of unburnished gold 无光泽表面 ●v. tr. (matted, matting)  1  make (gilding etc.) dull 使(镀金等)无光泽 2  frost (glass) 使(玻璃)无光 [French mat, mater, identical with mat MATE2]

matte1 /mæt/ n.  an impure product of the smelting of sulphide ores, esp. those of copper or nickel 锍(尤指冰铜、镍锍) [French, feminine of mat MATT adj. used as a noun]

matte2 /mæt/ n. Cinematog.  a mask to obscure part of an image and allow another image to be superimposed, giving a combined effect 【电影】遮片 [French, variant of MATT]

matte3 var.  of MATT  MATT 的变体

matter /ˈmætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit 物质(与心灵和精神相对)b  that which has mass and occupies space 物体 2  a particular substance 物品；物料  colouring matter  色素 3 (prec. by 前接 the; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  the thing that is amiss 麻烦；毛病；差错；困难  what is the matter?  怎么回事？ there is something the matter with him  他有点不对头 4  material for thought or expression 内容；素材 5  a  the substance of a book, speech, etc., as distinct from its manner or form (书、讲话等的)材料b Logic  the particular content of a proposition, as distinct from its form 【逻辑学】命题内容 6  a thing or things of a specified kind (具体)物件  printed matter  印刷品 reading matter  阅读材料 7  an affair or situation being considered, esp. in a specified way (尤指特殊方式的)事情；情况；时态  a serious matter  严重事情 a matter for concern  忧虑之事 the matter of your overdraft  你的透支问题 8 Physiol. 【生理】  a  any substance in or discharged from the body 身体排出物  faecal matter  粪便 grey matter  灰质b  pus 脓 9 (foll. by 后跟 of, for)  what is or may be a good reason for (complaint, regret, etc.) (抱怨、遗憾等的)理由；根据 10 Printing  the body of a printed work, as type or as printed sheets 【印刷】排版；原稿 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  be of importance; have significance 重要；要紧  it does not matter to me when it happened  什么时间发生对我不重要 2  secrete or discharge pus 化脓；流脓 □ for that matter (or for the matter of that)   1  as far as that is concerned 就此而言 2  and indeed also 而且□ in the matter of   as regards 就…而言；在…方面□ a matter of   1  approximately 大约；…左右  for a matter of 40 years  大约 40 年 2  a thing that relates to, depends on, or is determined by …的问题  a matter of habit  习惯问题 only a matter of time before they agree  他们的同意只是个时间问题□ no matter   1 (foll. by 后跟 when, how, etc.)  regardless of 不管何时；不管怎样  will do it no matter what the consequences  不管结果如何一定要做 2  it is of no importance 不要紧；无关紧要□ what is the matter with   surely there is no objection to 当然同意□ what matter?  Brit.  that need not worry us [英]这有什么关系？ [Middle English via Anglo-French mater(i)e, Old French matiere from Latin materia ‘timber, substance, subject of discourse’]

matter of course n.  the natural or expected thing 理所当然的事；不言而喻的事

matter of fact n. & adj. ●n.  1  what belongs to the sphere of fact as distinct from opinion etc. 事实(区别于看法等) 2 Law  the part of a judicial inquiry concerned with the truth of alleged facts 【法律】探求论据真实性的质询 ●adj. (matter-of-fact)  1  unimaginative, prosaic 无想像力的；平淡无奇的 2  unemotional 不带感情的 □ as a matter of fact   in reality (esp. to correct a falsehood or misunderstanding) 事实上(尤指纠正虚假或误解)；其实□ matter-of-factly  adv.  □ matter-of-factness  n.  

matter of form n.  1  a point of correct procedure 程序要点 2 colloq.  mere routine [口]日常惯例

matter of law n. Law  the part of a judicial inquiry concerned with the interpretation of the law 【法律】法律问题

matter of life and death n.  a matter of vital importance 生死攸关的事情

matter of record  see 见 RECORD 

Matthew /ˈmæθju:/   马修 [人名]

matting /ˈmætiŋ/ n.  1  fabric of hemp, bast, grass, etc., for mats (麻、韧皮纤维、草等编织的)草席  coconut matting  椰衣垫 2  in senses of MAT1 v. MAT1 的动词各释义

mattins var.  of MATINS  MATINS 的变体

mattock /ˈmætək/ n.  an agricultural tool shaped like a pickaxe, with an adze and a chisel edge as the ends of the head 鹤嘴锄 [Old English mattuc, of unknown origin]

mattress /ˈmætris/ n.  a fabric case stuffed with soft, firm, or springy material, or a similar case filled with air or water, used on or as a bed 床垫；褥垫 [Middle English via Old French materas and Italian materasso from Arabic almatrah ‘the place, the cushion’, from taraha ‘throw’]

maturate /ˈmætʃʊreit/ v. intr. Med. (of a boil etc.) come to maturation 【医】(疖等)化脓；流脓 [Latin maturatus (as MATURE v.)]

maturation /mætʃʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of maturing; the state of being matured 成熟(过程)b  the ripening of fruit (果实)成熟 2 Med. 【医】  a  the formation of purulent matter 化脓b  the causing of this 流脓 □ maturational  adj.  □ maturative  /məˈtʃʊərətiv/ adj.   [Middle English via French maturation or medieval Latin maturatio from Latin (as MATURE v.)]

mature /məˈtʃʊə/ adj. & v. ●adj. (maturer, maturest)  1  a  with fully developed powers of body and mind; adult 成年人的；成熟的b  sensible, wise 明白事理的；明智的 2  complete in natural development; ripe 成熟的，熟的 3 (of thought, intentions, etc.) duly careful and adequate (思想、意图等)慎重的；周到的 4 (of a bill etc.) due for payment (账单等)到期的；应支付的 ●v.  1  a tr. & intr.  develop fully (使)变得成熟b tr. & intr.  ripen (使)长成熟c intr.  come to maturity 变成熟 2 tr.  perfect (a plan etc.) 使(计划等)完美；周密 3 intr. (of a bill etc.) become due for payment (账单等)应支付 □ maturely  adv.  □ maturity  n.   [Middle English from Latin maturus ‘timely, early’]

mature student n. esp. Brit.  an adult student who is older than most students [尤英]成人学生

matutinal /mætjʊˈtain(ə)l, məˈtju:tin(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or occurring in the morning 早晨的；清晨发生的 2  early 早的 [Late Latin matutinalis from Latin matutinus: see MATINS]

maty var.  of MATEY  MATEY 的变体

matzo /ˈmætsə, ˈmætsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or matzoth /-əʊt/)  1  a wafer of unleavened bread for the Passover 无酵饼(逾越节时食用) 2  such bread collectively 无酵饼(总称) [Yiddish from Hebrew massɑˉh]

maté /ˈmætei/ n.  1  an infusion of the leaves of a S. American shrub, Ilex paraguariensis (南美巴拉圭)马黛茶茶水 2  this shrub, or its leaves 马黛茶树(叶) 3  a vessel in which these leaves are infused 马黛茶壶 [Spanish mate from Quechua mati]

matériel /mətiəriˈel, 法 materjɛl/ n.  available means, esp. materials and equipment in warfare (opp. 反义 PERSONNEL 1) 物资(尤指作战物资)；军事装备 [French (as MATERIAL)]

Maud /mɔ:d/   莫德 [人名]

maud /mɔ:d/ n.  1  a Scots shepherd's grey striped plaid (苏格兰牧羊人穿的)灰格子呢披衣 2  a travelling rug like this 灰格子呢旅行毛毯 [18th c.: origin unknown]

maudlin /ˈmɔ:dlin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  weakly or tearfully sentimental, esp. in a tearful and effusive stage of drunkenness 感情脆弱的(尤指酒后伤感的) ●n.  weak or mawkish sentiment 感情脆弱；伤感 [Middle English via Old French Madeleine from ecclesiastical Latin Magdalena MAGDALEN, with reference to pictures of Mary Magdalen weeping]

maul /mɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  beat and bruise 殴打；打伤 2 (of an animal) tear and mutilate (prey etc.) (动物)撕伤致残(被捕获物等) 3  handle roughly or carelessly 粗暴地对待 4  damage by criticism 抨击 ●n.  1 Rugby  a loose scrum with the ball off the ground 【英式橄榄球】围挤争球 2  a brawl 吵架 3  a special heavy hammer, commonly of wood, esp. for driving piles (尤指打桩用)大槌 □ mauler  n.   [Middle English via Old French mail from Latin malleus ‘hammer’]

maulstick /ˈmɔ:lstik/ n. (also 亦作 mahlstick)  a light stick with a padded leather ball at one end, held by a painter in one hand to support the other hand 支腕杖(绘画时支手用) [Dutch maalstok, from malen ‘to paint’ + stok ‘stick’]

maunder /ˈmɔ:ndə/ v. intr.  1  talk in a dreamy or rambling manner 胡说；唠叨 2  move or act listlessly or idly 闲荡；徘徊 [perhaps from obsolete maunder ‘beggar, to beg’]

Maundy /ˈmɔ:ndi/ n. (in the UK) the distribution of Maundy money on the Thursday before Easter (英国) (濯足节)贫民抚恤金的赐予 [Middle English via Old French mandé from Latin mandatum ‘MANDATE, commandment’ (see John 13:34)]

Maundy money n.  specially minted silver coins distributed by the British sovereign on Maundy Thursday (以特铸银币形式在濯足节)发给穷人的救济金

Maundy Thursday n.  the Thursday before Easter 濯足节，圣星期四

Maureen /ˈmɔ:ri:n/   莫林 [人名]

Maurice /ˈmɒris/   莫里斯 [人名]

Mauritania   毛里塔尼亚

Mauritanian /ˌmɒriˈteiniən/ adj. & n.  毛里塔尼亚的(人)

Mauritian /məˈriʃən/ adj. & n.  毛里求斯的(人)

Mauritius   毛里求斯

mausoleum /mɔ:səˈliəm/ n. (pl. mausolea /-ˈliə/ or mausoleums)  a large and grand tomb (宏大的)陵墓 [Latin from Greek Mausōleion, from Mausōlos the name of a king of Caria (4th c. BC), to whose tomb the name was originally applied]

mauve /məʊv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  pale purple 淡紫色的 ●n.  1  this colour 淡紫色 2  a bright but delicate pale purple dye from aniline 木槿紫(一种紫色染料) □ mauvish  adj.   [French, literally ‘mallow’, from Latin malva]

maven /ˈmeiv(ə)n/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  an expert or connoisseur [北美口]专家；内行 [Yiddish]

maverick /ˈmæv(ə)rik/ n.  1 N. Amer.  an unbranded calf or yearling [北美]未烫烙印的小牛(小牲畜) 2  an unorthodox or independent-minded person 非正统思想的人；独立思维的人 [named after S. A. Maverick, Texas engineer and rancher d. 1870, who did not brand his cattle]

Mavis /ˈmeivis/   梅维斯 [人名]

mavis /ˈmeivis/ n. poet. or dial.  a song thrush [诗] [方]善鸣画眉 [Middle English from Old French mauvis, of uncertain origin]

maw /mɔ:/ n.  1  a  the stomach of an animal 动物的胃b  the jaws or throat of a voracious animal (食肉动物的)腭(或咽喉) 2 colloq.  the stomach of a greedy person [口]贪婪者的胃 [Old English maga, from Germanic]

mawkish /ˈmɔ:kiʃ/ adj.  1  sentimental in a feeble or sickly way 多愁善感的 2  having a faint sickly flavour 令人作呕的 □ mawkishly  adv.  □ mawkishness  n.   [obsolete mawk ‘maggot’ from Old Norse mathkr, from Germanic]

Max /mæks/   马克斯 [人名]

max /mæks/ n., adj., adv. & v. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n. (a) maximum 最大限度 ●adj.  maximal 最大限度的 ●adv.  maximally 最大限度地 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out, and, often 常后跟 at)  perform to the limit of one's ability 尽最大努力  the high-jumper maxed out at 6 foot  跳高者最高跳到 6 英尺 2 tr. (as 作 maxed out adj.)  having exhausted one's capabilities or capacity 竭尽全力

max. abbr. [缩略]  maximum 

maxi /ˈmæksi/ n. (pl. maxis) colloq.  a maxi-coat, -skirt, etc. [口]长大衣(长裙等) [abbreviation]

maxi- /ˈmæksi/ comb. form  very large or long (maxi-coat 长大衣) [构词成分]特大；特长 [abbreviation of MAXIMUM: cf. MINI-]

maxilla /mækˈsilə/ n. (pl. maxillae /-li:/)  1  the jaw or jawbone, esp. the upper jaw in most vertebrates 颌；颌骨(尤指脊椎动物的上颌) 2  the mouthpart of many arthropods used in chewing (节肢动物的)小腭 □ maxillary  adj.   [Latin, = jaw]

maxim /ˈmæksim/ n.  a general truth or rule of conduct expressed in a sentence 箴言；格言；座右铭 [Middle English from French maxime or medieval Latin maxima (propositio) ‘maximum (proposition) ’, (as MAXIMUM)]

maxima pl.  of MAXIMUM  

maximal /ˈmæksim(ə)l/ adj.  being or relating to a maximum; the greatest possible in size, duration, etc. 最大的；与最大有关的；(尺寸、持续时间等)最长的 □ maximally  adv.  

maximalist /ˈmæksim(ə)list/ n.  a person who rejects compromise and expects a full response to (esp. political) demands (opp. 反义 MINIMALIST 1) (尤指政治上的)最高纲领主义者 [MAXIMAL, suggested by Russian maksimalist]

maximize /ˈmæksimaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make as large or great as possible 使达到最大限度  need to maximize our income  需要最大量地増加我们的收入 □ maximization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ maximizer  n.   [Latin maximus: see MAXIMUM]■Usage 用法说明 Maximize should not be used in standard English to mean ‘make as good as possible’ or ‘make the most of’ 在标准英语用法中不要把 maximize 用作“ make as good as possible (使尽量好)”或“ make the most of (充分利用)”。 

maximum /ˈmæksiməm/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. maxima /-mə/ or maximums)  the highest possible or attainable amount 最高；最大量；最大值 ●adj.  that is a maximum 最高的；最大的；最大值的 [modern Latin, neut. of Latin maximus, superlative of magnus ‘great’]

maxwell /ˈmækswel/ n.  a unit of magnetic flux in the c.g.s. system, equal to that induced through one square centimetre by a perpendicular magnetic field of one gauss 麦克斯韦，麦(磁通量单位) [named after J. C. Maxwell, Rritish physicist d. 1879]

May /mei/ n.  1  the fifth month of the year 五月 2 (作 may) Brit.  the hawthorn or its blossom [英]山楂属植物；山楂花 3 poet.  bloom, prime [诗]风华正茂；青春 [Middle English via Old French mai from Latin Maius (mensis) ‘(month) of the goddess Maia’]

may /mei/ v. aux. (3rd sing. present may; past might /mait/)  1 (often foll. by well for emphasis 常后跟 well 表示强调)  expressing possibility 可能  it may be true  这可能是真的 I may have been wrong  我可能错了 you may well lose your way  你很可能会迷路 2  expressing permission (表示许可)可以  you may not go  你不能去 may I come in?  我可以进来吗？ 3  expressing a wish (表达愿望)祝愿  may he live to regret it  但愿他懊悔终生 4  expressing uncertainty or irony in questions (表示不确定或问话中的反语)会  who may you be?  不知你是哪一位？ who are you, may I ask?  我能问，你是哪一位？ 5  in purpose clauses and after wish, fear, etc. (用于目的从句中，位于 wish ， fear 等词之后)能够；可以  take such measures as may avert disaster  采取这些措施可以消除灾害 hope he may succeed  希望他能够成功 □ be that as it may   despite the fact that it may be so 即使如此□ may as well   = might as well (see 见 MIGHT1) □ that is as may be   that may or may not be so (implying that there are other factors) 也许可以，也许不可以(暗示有其他因素) [Old English mœg from Germanic: related to MAIN1, MIGHT2]■Usage 用法说明 Both can and may are used to express permission (see sense 2); in more formal contexts may is usual since can also denotes capability (can I move? = am I physically able to move?; may I move? = am I allowed to move?). may 和 can 都能表示“允许”(见释义 2) ；在很多正式语境里，通常用 may, 因为 can 还表示能力 (can I move? 我能挪动吗？ =am I physically able to move? 从体力上说，我能挪动吗？ ; may I move ？我可以挪动吗？ =am I allowed to move? 允许我挪动吗？)。 

Maya /ˈmai(j)ə, ˈmei(j)ə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Mayas)  a member of an ancient Indian people of Central America 马雅人(中美洲古印第安人的一族) 2  the language of this people 马雅语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language (有关)马雅人的；(有关)马雅语的 □ Mayan  adj. & n.   [native name]

maya /ˈmɑ:jə/ n. Hinduism  illusion, magic 【印度教】幻觉；魔法；幻境 [Sanskrit mɑˉyɑˉ]

mayapple /ˈmeiæp(ə)l/ n.  an American herbaceous plant, Podophyllum peltatum, bearing a yellow egg-shaped fruit in May 鬼臼 (5 月结黄色卵形果)

maybe /ˈmeibi:, -bi/ adv.  perhaps, possibly 或许；大概 [Middle English, from it may be]

May-bug n.  = COCKCHAFER 

May Day n. 1 May esp. as a festival with dancing, or as an international holiday in honour of workers (尤为以歌舞庆贺的)五朔节；五一国际劳动节

mayday /ˈmeidei/ n.  an international radio distress signal used esp. by ships and aircraft (尤指船只、飞机发出的)国际遇险无线电呼救信号 [representing pronunciation of French m'aidez ‘help me’]

mayest /ˈmeiist/ archaic [古义]  = MAYST 

mayflower /ˈmeiflaʊə/ n.  any of various flowers that bloom in May, esp. the trailing arbutus, Epigaea repens 五月花；五月开花的植物(尤指北美山枇杷柴)

mayfly /ˈmeiflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, with an aquatic nymph and a fragile-winged adult which lives only briefly in spring 蜉蝣 2  an imitation mayfly used by anglers (垂钓者用的)蜉蝣状钓饵

mayhap /meiˈhæp, ˈmeihæp/ adv. archaic  perhaps, possibly [古义]或许；可能 [Middle English, from it may hap]

mayhem /ˈmeihem/ n.  1  violent or damaging action; disruption, chaos 暴力行为；破坏行为；动乱；混乱 2 hist.  the crime of maiming a person so as to render him or her partly or wholly defenceless [史义]重伤罪 [Anglo-French mahem, Old French mayhem (as MAIM)]

maying /ˈmeiiŋ/ n. & adj.  participation in May Day festivities 参加五一(或五朔节)庆祝活动(的) [Middle English, from MAY]

mayn't /ˈmeiənt/ contr. [缩合]  may not 

mayonnaise /meiəˈneiz/ n.  1  a thick creamy dressing made of egg yolks, oil, vinegar, etc. (蛋黄、油、醋等混制而成的)蛋黄酱 2  a (usu. specified) dish dressed with this (通常规定的)蛋黄酱调制的一道菜  chicken mayonnaise  鸡肉蛋黄酱 [French, perhaps from mahonnais -aise ‘of Port Mahon’, on Minorca]

mayor /mɛə/ n.  1  the head of the municipal corporation of a city or borough 市长 2 (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) the head of a district council with the status of a borough (英格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰)有自治市地位的区参议会会长 □ mayoral  adj.  □ mayorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French maire from Latin (as MAJOR)]

mayoralty /ˈmɛər(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the office of mayor 市长职位 2  a mayor's period of office 市长任期 [Middle English from Old French mairalté (as MAYOR)]

mayoress /ˈmɛəris/ n.  1  a woman holding the office of mayor 女市长 2  the wife of a mayor 市长夫人 3  a woman fulfilling the ceremonial duties of a mayor's wife 承担市长夫人礼节性职责的妇女

maypole /ˈmeipəʊl/ n.  a pole painted and decked with flowers and ribbons, for dancing round on May Day (围此柱跳舞的)五朔节花柱

May queen n.  a girl chosen to preside over celebrations on May Day (主持五朔节庆祝的)五月女王

mayst /meist/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present  of MAY 

mayweed /ˈmeiwi:d/ n.  any wild camomile often found as a weed, esp. (stinking mayweed) Anthemis cotula and (scentless mayweed) Tripleurospermum inodorum 甘菊(尤指臭甘菊和淡甘菊) [earlier maidwede via obsolete maithe(n) from Old English magothe, mœgtha, + WEED]

mazard /ˈmæzəd/ n. (also 亦作 mazzard)  1  the wild sweet cherry, Prunus avium, of Europe 欧洲甜樱桃 2 archaic  a head or face [古义]头；脸 [probably alteration of MAZER in sense ‘hardwood’]

mazarine /mæzəˈri:n, ˈmæzəri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a rich deep blue 深蓝色 ●adj.  of this colour 深蓝色的 [17th c., perhaps from the name of Cardinal Mazarin, French statesman d. 1661, or the Duchesse de Mazarin, French noblewoman d. 1699]

maze /meiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a network of paths and hedges designed as a puzzle for those who try to penetrate it 曲径；迷魂阵 2  a complex network of paths or passages; a labyrinth 迷网；迷宫 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a confused mass, network, etc. (物质、网络等)错综，复杂 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 mazed adj.) Brit.  bewilder, confuse [英]使困惑；使迷乱 □ mazy  adj. (mazier, maziest)   [Middle English, originally as mased (adj.): related to AMAZE]

mazer /ˈmeizə/ n. hist.  a hardwood drinking bowl, usu. silver-mounted [史义]硬木大碗(通常镶银) [Middle English from Old French masere, from Germanic]

mazuma /məˈzu:mə/ n. esp. US & Austral. slang  money, cash [尤美澳] [俚语]钱 [Yiddish from Hebrew mězummɑˉn, from zimmēn ‘prepare’]

mazurka /məˈzɜ:kə, məˈzʊəkə/ n.  1  a usu. lively Polish dance in triple time 玛祖卡舞(通常为活泼的波兰舞) 2  the music for this 玛祖卡舞曲 [French mazurka or German Masurka, from Polish mazurka, a woman of the province Mazovia]

mazzard var.  of MAZARD  MAZARD 的变体

maître d'hôtel /meitrə dəʊˈtel/ n. (pl. maîtres d'hôtel pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  the manager, head steward, etc., of a hotel (旅馆)经理(总管，管家等) 2  a head waiter 侍者总管 [French, = master of (the) house]

mañana /mænˈjɑ:nə/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in the indefinite future (esp. to indicate procrastination) 在不确定的将来，来日(尤指拖延) ●n.  an indefinite future time 不确定的未来，来日 [Spanish, = tomorrow]

MB abbr. [缩略]  1  Bachelor of Medicine 医学士 2 (also 亦作 Mb) Computing  megabyte 【计算】兆(字节) [sense 1 from Latin Medicinae Baccalaureus]

MBA abbr.  Master of Business Administration [缩略]工商管理学硕士

MBE abbr.  Member of the Order of the British Empire [缩略]英帝国勋章获得者

MBO abbr.  management buyout [缩略]管理收购

MC abbr. [缩略]  1  Master of Ceremonies 司仪 2 (in the UK) Military Cross (英国)军功十字勋章 3 (in the US) Member of Congress (美国)国会议员 4  music cassette (of pre-recorded audiotape) (预录制的)音乐磁带

Mc abbr. [缩略]  megacycle(s) 

MCC abbr.  Marylebone Cricket Club [缩略]玛丽勒本板球俱乐部

McCarthyism /məˈkɑ:θiiz(ə)m/ n. (esp. in the US) the policy of hunting out suspected or known Communists and removing them esp. from government departments (尤指美国)麦卡锡主义(将共产党人士搜寻出来并将他们从政府部门中解雇) [named after J. R. McCarthy, US senator (d. 1957), who instigated the policy in 1950 claiming to know of many Communists in the State Department]

McCarthyism, McCoy  see 见 MACC- 

McCoy /məˈkɔi/ n. colloq. [口]   □ the (or the real) McCoy   the real thing; the genuine article 真品；可靠的东西 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

M.Ch. abbr. (also 亦作 M.Chir.)  Master of Surgery [缩略]外科学硕士 [Latin Magister Chirurgiae]

mCi abbr.  millicurie(s) [缩略]毫居里

McNaughten  see 见 MACN- 

McNaughten rules /məkˈnɔ:t(ə)n/ n. pl. (also 亦作 M'Naghten rules) Brit.  rules governing the decision as to the criminal responsibility of an insane person [英]麦克诺登原则(确定精神病患者责任的原则) [named after McNaughten or McNaughtan, name of a 19th-c. accused person, at whose trial the rules were established]

M.Com. abbr.  Master of Commerce [缩略]商学硕士

MCP abbr. colloq.  male chauvinist pig [缩略] [口]大男子主义蠢猪

MCR abbr. Brit.  Middle Common Room [缩略] [英]研究生活动室

Mc/s abbr.  megacycles per second [缩略]兆周 / 每秒

MD abbr. [缩略]  1  Doctor of Medicine 医学博士 2  Managing Director 总经理；总裁 3 US  Maryland (in official postal use) [美]马里兰州(正式邮政用语) 4  mentally deficient 精神发育不健全的 5  musical director 音乐指挥 [sense 1 from Latin Medicinae Doctor]

Md symb. Chem.  the element mendelevium [符]【化】(化学元素)钔

Md. abbr. [缩略]  Maryland 

MDMA abbr.  methylenedioxymethamphetamine, an amphetamine-based drug that causes euphoric and hallucinatory effects, originally produced as an appetite suppressant Also called 亦称作 Ecstasy [缩略]麻黄素

MDT abbr.  Mountain Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Mountain Standard Time) [缩略]山区夏令时间

ME abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Maine (in official postal use) [美]缅因州(正式邮政用语) 2  myalgic encephalomyelitis, a condition of unknown cause, with fever, aching, and prolonged tiredness and depression, occurring esp. after a viral infection (尤指病毒感染后的)肌痛性脑脊髓炎

Me. abbr. [缩略]  1  Maine 缅因州 2 Maître (title of a French advocate) (法国)…律师(头衔)

me1 /mi:/ pron.  1 objective case  of I2  he saw me  他见过我了  2 N. Amer. colloq.  myself; to or for myself [北美口]我自己；对我自己；为我自己  I got me a gun  我给自己搞到了一枝枪 3 colloq.  used in exclamations [口] (用于感叹)哎呦  ah me!  哎呦！ dear me!  哎呀！ silly me!  我真笨！ □ me and mine   me and my relatives 我和我的亲属 [Old English me, mē, accusative & dative of I2, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at HER. 见 HER 的用法说明。 

me2 /mi:/ n. (also 亦作 mi) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the third note of a major scale (索发谱)大音阶的第三音 2  the note E in the fixed-doh system (固定唱名法)E 音 [Middle English from Latin mira: see GAMUT]

mea culpa /meiə ˈkʊlpə, mi:ə ˈkʌlpə/ n. & int. ●n.  an acknowledgement of one's fault or error 认错；认罪 ●int.  expressing such an acknowledgement 我的过失；我应受谴责；我应负责任 [Latin, = by my fault]

mead1 /mi:d/ n.  an alcoholic drink of fermented honey and water 蜂蜜酒 [Old English me(o)du, from Germanic]

mead2 /mi:d/ n. poet. or archaic [诗] [古义]  = MEADOW  [Old English mœˉd from Germanic: related to MOW1]

meadow /ˈmedəʊ/ n.  1  a piece of grassland, esp. one used for hay (尤指用于干草饲料的)草地；牧场 2  a piece of low well-watered ground, esp. near a river (尤指河边)低草地 □ meadowy  adj.   [Old English mœˉdwe, oblique case of mœˉd: see MEAD2]

meadow brown n.  a common brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina 草地褐蝶，眼蝶

meadow grass n.  a perennial creeping grass, Poa pratensis 蓝草；甜草；六月禾

meadowland /ˈmedəʊlænd/ n.  land used for the cultivation of grass, esp. for hay (尤指用作草饲料的)草地；牧场

meadowlark /ˈmedəʊlɑ:k/ n. N. Amer.  any songbird of the genus Sturnella, esp. the yellow-breasted S. magna of N. America [北美] (尤指胸部黄色的)草地鹨

meadow pipit n.  a common pipit, Anthus pratensis, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa 草地鹨

meadow rue n.  any plant of the genus Thalictrum (buttercup family), esp. T. flavum with small yellow flowers (尤指开小黄花的)唐松草

meadow saffron n.  a meadow plant, Colchicum autumnale, resembling a crocus, and producing lilac flowers in the autumn while still leafless Also called 亦称作 autumn crocus 草地云香；秋藏红花

meadowsweet /ˈmedəʊswi:t/ n.  1  a plant of the rose family, Filipendula ulmaria, common in meadows and damp places, with creamy-white fragrant flowers (开乳白色)珍珠花；欧洲合叶子 2  any of several plants of the genus Spiraea (rose family), native to N. America (北美)绣线菊属植物

meagre /ˈmi:ɡə/ adj. (US [美] meager)  1  lacking in amount or quality 不足的；质量差的  a meagre salary  微薄的工资 2 (of literary composition, ideas, etc.) lacking fullness; unsatisfying (文学作品、思想等)不丰富的；令人不满意的 3 (of a person or animal) lean, thin (人或动物)瘦的，细小的 □ meagrely  adv.  □ meagreness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French megre, Old French maigre from Latin macer]

meal1 /mi:l/ n.  1  an occasion when food is eaten 进餐时间 2  the food eaten on one occasion 一餐，膳食 □ make a meal of   1 Brit.  treat (a task etc.) too laboriously or fussily [英]使(任务等)看来过于费力；小题大做 2  consume as a meal 吃一餐 [Old English mœˉl ‘mark, fixed time, meal’, from Germanic]

meal2 /mi:l/ n.  1  the edible part of any grain or pulse (usu. other than wheat) ground to powder (小麦以外谷物或豆类的)粗粉 2 Sc.  oatmeal [苏格兰]燕麦片 3 US  maize flour [美]玉米粉 4  any powdery substance made by grinding 粉状物 [Old English melu, from Germanic]

meal-beetle n.  an insect, Tenebrio molitor, infesting granaries etc. (给粮仓等带来病虫害的)大黄粉虫

mealie /ˈmi:li/ n. (also 亦作 mielie) S. Afr. [南非]  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  maize 玉米 2  a corn cob 玉米穗 [Afrikaans mielie via Portuguese milho ‘maize, millet’ from Latin milium]

meals on wheels n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a service by which meals are delivered to old people, invalids, etc. (给老人或残疾人等)送食服务

meal ticket n.  1  a ticket entitling one to a meal, esp. at a specified place with reduced cost (尤指在专门地方使用的)餐券；饭菜票 2  a person or thing that is a source of food or income 提供生活来源的人(或物)

mealtime /ˈmi:ltaim/ n.  a time at which a meal is or is usually eaten 进餐时间；开饭时间

mealworm /ˈmi:lwɜ:m/ n.  the larva of the meal-beetle 大黄粉虫幼体

mealy /ˈmi:li/ adj. (mealier, mealiest)  1  a  of or like meal; soft and powdery (似)粗粉状的；粉质的b  containing meal 含粗粉的 2 (of a complexion) pale (脸色)苍白的 3 (of a horse) spotty (马)有斑点的 4 (in full 全称 mealy-mouthed)  not outspoken; afraid to use plain expressions 不直率的；说话拐弯抹角的 □ mealiness  n.  

mealy bug n.  any insect of the genus Pseudococcus, infesting vines etc., whose body is covered with white powder (危害葡萄藤等的)粉蚧；水腊虫

mean1 /mi:n/ v. tr. (past and past part. meant /ment/)  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  have as one's purpose or intention; have in mind 意欲；打算  they really mean mischief  他们存心捣蛋 I didn't mean to break it  我不是有意打碎的b (foll. by 后跟 by)  have as a motive in explanation 意图  what do you mean by that?  你怎么胆敢那样？ 2 (often in passive 常用被动)  design or destine for a purpose 企图；注定  mean it to be used  企图使用它 mean it for a stopgap  想把它作临时替代品 is meant to be a gift  作为礼物 3  intend to convey or indicate or refer to (a particular thing or notion) 意思是；意指(某特殊事或看法)  I mean we cannot go  我的意思是我们不能去 I mean Richmond in Surrey  我指的是萨里郡的里士满 4  entail, involve 包含；蕴涵  it means catching the early train  这意味着要赶上早班车 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  portend, signify 意指，意味  this means trouble  这意味着麻烦 your refusal means that we must look elsewhere  你的拒绝意味着我们要到别处去看看 6 (of a word) have as its explanation in the same language or its equivalent in another language (词语)表示…意思；作…解 7 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be of some specified importance to (a person), esp. as a source of benefit or object of affection etc. (尤指作为利益的根源或意中人等) (对某人)具有意义(影响)  that means a lot to me  那对我很重要 □ mean business   be in earnest 认真的；算数的□ mean it   not be joking or exaggerating 不是开玩笑的；没有夸张的□ mean to say   really admit 你难道是说 usu. in interrog. 通常用于疑问句 : do you mean to say you have lost it?  你难道是说东西丢了？□ mean well  (often foll. by 常后跟 to, towards, by)  have good intentions 怀有好意 [Old English mœnan from West Germanic: related to MIND]

mean2 /mi:n/ adj.  1  niggardly; not generous or liberal 吝啬的；小气的；不大方的 2  ignoble; uncooperative, unkind, or unfair 卑鄙的；不合作的；不善良的；不公平的 3 (of a person's capacity, understanding, etc.) inferior, poor (能力、理解力等)低劣的；平庸的 4 (of housing) not imposing in appearance; shabby (房子)简陋的；破旧的 5  a  malicious, ill-tempered 恶意的；脾气坏的b US  vicious or aggressive in behaviour [美]邪恶的；恶意的 6 colloq.  skilful, formidable [口]熟练的；出色的  is a mean fighter  是个出色的战士 □ no mean   a very good 出色的；了不起的  that is no mean achievement  那是了不起的成就□ meanly  adv.  □ meanness  /ˈmi:nnis/ n.   [Old English mœˉne, gemœˉne, from Germanic]

mean3 /mi:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a condition, quality, virtue, or course of action equally removed from two opposite (usu. unsatisfactory) extremes (通常不满意两极端而采取的)中庸 2 Math. 【数】  a  the term or one of the terms midway between the first and last terms of an arithmetical or geometrical etc. progression (算术、几何等)中数；平均数，平均值  2 and 8 have the arithmetic mean 5 and the geometric mean 4  2 和 8 的算术平均数是 5 ，几何平均为 4b  the quotient of the sum of several quantities and their number; the average 中数；平均 ●adj.  1 (of a quantity) equally far from two extremes (数量)中间的 2  calculated as a mean 以中项计算的 [Middle English via Anglo-French meen and Old French meien, moien from Latin medianus MEDIAN]

meander /miˈændə, mi:-/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  wander at random 漫步；闲逛 2 (of a stream) wind about (河流)蜿蜒缓流 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the sinuous windings of a river 曲流b  winding paths 弯曲的路 2  a circuitous journey 迂回的历程 3  an ornamental pattern of lines winding in and out; a fret 回纹波形饰；回纹饰 □ meandering  adj. & n.   [Latin maeander from Greek Maiandros, the name of a winding river in Phrygia]

mean free path n.  the average distance travelled by a gas molecule etc. between collisions (气体分子等的)平均自由程

meanie /ˈmi:ni/ n. (also 亦作 meany) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a mean, niggardly, or small-minded person [口]吝啬鬼；小气鬼；气量小的人

meaning /ˈmi:niŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  what is meant by a word, action, idea, etc. (词语、行动、思想等的)意思；含义 2  significance 意义 3  importance 重要性 ●adj.  expressive, significant 意味深长的；富有意义的  a meaning glance  意味深长的一瞥 □ meaningly  adv.  

meaningful /ˈmi:niŋfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  full of meaning; significant 重要的；有意义的 2 Logic  able to be interpreted 【逻辑学】有意义的 □ meaningfully  adv.  □ meaningfulness  n.  

meaningless /ˈmi:niŋlis/ adj.  having no meaning or significance 不重要的；无意义的 □ meaninglessly  adv.  □ meaninglessness  n.  

means /mi:nz/ n. pl.  1 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  that by which a result is brought about 方法；手段；工具  a means of quick travel  快速旅行的工具 2  a  money resources 财源；收入  live beyond one's means  入不敷出b  wealth 财富  a man of means  富有的人 □ by all means (or all manner of means)   1  certainly 当然可以 2  in every possible way 尽一切办法 3  at any cost 不顾一切□ by any means   in any way 全力，尽力，无论如何  not by any means obtrusive  一点也不显著(突出)□ by means of   by the agency or instrumentality of (a thing or action) (事物或行动)通过；依靠；用□ by no means (or no manner of means)   not at all; certainly not 一点也不；决不 [pl. of MEAN3, in the sense ‘an intermediary’]

mean sea level n.  the sea level halfway between the mean levels of high and low water 平均海平面

means test n. & v. ●n.  an official inquiry to establish need before financial assistance from public funds is given 经济状况调查(以便确定是否给予补助) ●v. tr. (作 means-test)  subject to or base on a means test 对(…)进行经济状况调查

mean sun n.  an imaginary sun moving in the celestial sphere at the mean rate of the real sun, used in calculating solar time 平太阳

meant past and past part.  of MEAN1 

mean time n.  the time based on the movement of the mean sun 平(太阳)时

meantime /ˈmi:ntaim/ adv. & n. ●adv.  = MEANWHILE  ●n.  the intervening period (esp. 尤指 in the meantime 同时) 间隔时间；其间 [MEAN3 + TIME]■Usage 用法说明 As an adverb, meantime is less common than meanwhile. 作为副词， meantime 不及 meanwhile 常用。 

meanwhile /ˈmi:nwail/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  in the intervening period of time 间隔地 2  at the same time 同时地 ●n.  the intervening period (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in the meanwhile) 间隔时间；其间 [MEAN3 + WHILE]

mean white n. esp. US offens. [尤美] [冒犯]  = POOR WHITE 

meany var.  of MEANIE  MEANIE 的变体

measles /ˈmi:z(ə)lz/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  1  a  an acute infectious viral disease marked by red spots on the skin 麻疹；风疹b  the spots of measles 麻疹斑 2  a disease of pigs etc. caused by the encysted larvae of the human tapeworm (猪等的)囊尾蚴病 [Middle English masele(s), probably from Middle Low German masele, Middle Dutch masel ‘pustule’ (cf. Dutch mazelen ‘measles’), Old High German masala: change of form probably due to assimilation to Middle English meser ‘leper’]

measly /ˈmi:zli/ adj. (measlier, measliest)  1 colloq.  inferior, contemptible, worthless [口]拙劣的；卑鄙的；无价值的 2  of or affected with measles 麻疹的；得麻疹的 3 (of pork etc.) infested with tapeworm larvae (猪肉等的)有囊尾蚴的，有米珠的 [MEASLES + -Y1]

measurable /ˈmeʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be measured 可测量的；可计量的 □ within a measurable distance of   getting near (something undesirable) 接近(不合意的事)□ measurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ measurably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French mesurable and Late Latin mensurabilis from Latin mensurare (as MEASURE)]

measure /ˈmeʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a size or quantity found by measuring 尺寸；大小；分量 2  a system of measuring 计量制  liquid measure  液量(单位制) linear measure  长度(单位制) 3  a rod or tape etc. for measuring (杆、尺等)量具；量器 4  a vessel of standard capacity for transferring or determining fixed quantities of liquids etc. (用于液体等的)标准液体量器  a pint measure  一品脱量器 5  a  the degree, extent, or amount of a thing 程度；范围；数量b (foll. by 后跟 of)  some degree of 一定量  there was a measure of wit in her remark  她的话里有几分智慧 6  a unit of capacity, e.g. a bushel 容积单位(如蒲式耳)  20 measures of wheat  20 单位的小麦 7  a factor by which a person or thing is reckoned or evaluated 标准；尺度  their success is a measure of their determination  成功是他们坚定果断的尺度 8 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  suitable action to achieve some end 措施；步骤；办法  took measures to ensure a good profit  采取措施保证赢利 9  a legislative enactment 议案；法令 10  a quantity contained in another an exact number of times 约数 11  a prescribed extent or quantity 固定量；已知量 12 Printing  the width of a page or column of type 【印刷】页宽；行宽 13  a  poetical rhythm; metre (诗的)韵律；音步b  a metrical group of a dactyl or two iambuses, trochees, spondees, etc. (诗扬抑抑格或两个抑扬格、扬抑格、扬扬格等的)曲调 14 US Mus.  a bar or the time-content of a bar [美]【音】小节；拍子 15 archaic  a dance [古义]舞蹈；跳舞 16  a mineral stratum 层组；地层  coal measures  煤层 ●v.  1 tr.  ascertain the extent or quantity of (a thing) by comparison with a fixed unit or with an object of known size 量；测量；计量(某物) 2 intr.  be of a specified size 有…长(宽、高)  it measures six inches  它有 6 英寸 3 tr.  ascertain the size and proportion of (a person) for clothes 量(某人)身裁衣 4 tr.  estimate (a quality, person's character, etc.) by some standard or rule 对(质量、人的性格等)估量；衡量 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  mark (a line etc. of a given length) 量出(一定长度的线等) 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  deal or distribute (a thing) in measured quantities 按量分配；量出(某物) 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  bring (oneself or one's strength etc.) into competition with 使(某人或某人的力量)与…较量 8 tr. poet.  traverse (a distance) [诗]经过；走过(一段距离) □ beyond measure   excessively 无可估量；极度地；过分地□ for good measure   as something beyond the minimum; as a finishing touch 作为额外的量；作为外加的东西□ in a (or some) measure   partly 在一定程度上；一部分；有几分□ measure up   1  a  determine the size etc. of by measurement 测量(尺寸等)b  take comprehensive measurements 采取全面措施 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  have the necessary qualifications (for) 达到标准；符合标准 [Middle English via Old French mesure from Latin mensura, from metiri mens- ‘measure’]

measured /ˈmeʒəd/ adj.  1  rhythmical; regular in movement 有节奏的；有韵律的；整齐的  a measured tread  整齐的步法 2 (of language) carefully considered (言辞)仔细考虑的；几经斟酌的 □ measuredly  adv.  

measureless /ˈmeʒəlis/ adj.  not measurable; infinite 无法测量的；无限的 □ measurelessly  adv.  

measurement /ˈmeʒəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of measuring 测量；丈量；度量 2  an amount determined by measuring (量得的)尺寸；大小；长度；面积；容积 3 (in pl. 用复数)  detailed dimensions 具体的尺寸

measure of capacity n.  a measure used for vessels and liquids or grains etc. (容器、液体或谷物等的)容量单位

measuring jug n. Brit. (also 亦作 measuring cup)  a jug (or cup) marked to measure its contents [英] (有刻度的)量壶(量杯)

measuring tape n.  a tape marked to measure length 卷尺；皮尺；软尺

measuring worm n.  the caterpillar of the geometer moth 尺蠖

meat /mi:t/ n.  1  the flesh of animals (esp. mammals) as food (食用)肉(尤指哺乳动物的肉) 2 (foll. by 后接 of)  the essence or chief part of 内容；实质；主要部分 3 esp. US  the edible part of fruits, nuts, eggs, shellfish, etc. [尤美] (水果、干果、蛋、贝类等的)可食用部分 4 archaic [古义]  a  food of any kind 食物b  a meal 一餐 □ meat and drink  Brit.  a source of great pleasure [英]无穷的乐趣□ meatless  adj.   [Old English mete ‘food’, from Germanic]

meat-axe n.  a butcher's cleaver 肉斧

meatball /ˈmi:tbɔ:l/ n.  minced meat compressed into a small round ball 肉丸

meat-fly n. (pl. -flies)  a fly that breeds in meat 肉蝇；麻蝇

meat loaf n.  minced or chopped meat moulded into the shape of a loaf and baked 肉糕

meat safe n. Brit.  a cupboard for storing meat, usu. of wire gauze etc. [英] (通常有金属纱网等，用于储肉的)食品橱

meatus /miˈeitəs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or meatuses) Anat.  a channel or passage in the body or its opening, esp. that leading into the ear 【解】开口；(尤指)通入耳朵的道 [Latin, = passage from meare ‘flow, run’]

meaty /ˈmi:ti/ adj. (meatier, meatiest)  1  full of meat; fleshy 多肉的；肉鼓鼓的 2  of or like meat 肉的；似肉的 3  full of substance 内容丰富的 □ meatily  adv.  □ meatiness  n.  

Mecca /ˈmekə/ n.  1  a place which attracts people of a particular group 向往的地方  Mecca for book buyers  购书者的天堂 2  the centre or birthplace of a faith, policy, pursuit, etc. (信仰、政策、追求等的)诞生地；发源地 [Mecca in Arabia, birthplace of Muhammad and chief place of Muslim pilgrimage]

mechanic /miˈkænik/ n.  a skilled worker, esp. one who makes or uses or repairs machinery (尤指制造、使用、修理机器的)机械工；技工；机修工 [Middle English (originally as adj.) via (Old) French mécanique or Latin mechanicus from Greek mēkhanikos (as MACHINE)]

mechanical /miˈkænik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to machines or mechanisms (有关)机械的；(有关)机械方面的 2  working or produced by machinery 机械操作的；机械制造的 3 (of a person or action) like a machine; automatic; lacking originality (人或行动)机械的；呆板的；习惯性的 4  a (of an agency, principle, etc.) belonging to mechanics (机构、原则等)技术性细节上的b (of a theory etc.) explaining phenomena by the assumption of mechanical action (理论等)力学的 5  of or relating to mechanics as a science (有关)机械学的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the working parts of a machine, esp. of a motor car 机器部件(尤指汽车零件) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) archaic  a manual worker (esp. Theatr (尤)【戏】 with allusion to Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream 典自莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》) [古义]工匠；手艺人 □ mechanicalism  n. (in sense 4 of adj. 用于形容词释义 4)  □ mechanically  adv.  □ mechanicalness  n.   [Middle English from Latin mechanicus (as MECHANIC)]

mechanical advantage n.  the ratio of exerted to applied force in a machine 机械利益

mechanical drawing n.  a scale drawing of machinery etc. done with precision instruments (用机械等方法绘制的)机械制图

mechanical engineer n.  an engineer dealing with the design, construction, and repair of machines 机械工程师 □ mechanical engineering  n.  

mechanical equivalent of heat n.  the conversion factor between heat energy and mechanical energy 热功当量

mechanical excavator n.  a machine for removing soil from the ground by means of a crane to which a scoop is attached 挖掘机，机械掘进机

mechanician /mekəˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  a person skilled in constructing machinery 机械师；技师

mechanics /miˈkæniks/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of applied mathematics dealing with motion and tendencies to motion 力学 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the science of machinery 机械学 3 (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  a  the construction, workings, or routine operation of a thing 结构；构成；构成法  mechanics of the cochlea  耳蜗的构成b  the practicalities or details of a thing 例行手续；技术性细节  mechanics of how money is laundered  洗钱的细节

mechanism /ˈmek(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the structure or adaptation of parts of a machine 机械结构；机械装置 2  a system of mutually adapted parts working together in or as in a machine 机械系统 3  the mode of operation of a process 程序 4  a means 机制；办法；途径  defence mechanism  防卫机制 no mechanism for complaints  没有投诉的途径 5 Art  mechanical execution; technique 【艺术】手法；技巧 6 Philos.  the doctrine that all natural phenomena, including life, allow mechanical explanation by physics and chemistry 【哲】机械论 [modern Latin mechanismus from Greek (as MACHINE)]

mechanist /ˈmek(ə)nist/ n.  1  a mechanician 机工；技工 2  an expert in mechanics 机械师；技师 3 Philos.  a person who holds the doctrine of mechanism 【哲】机械论者 □ mechanistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ mechanistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

mechanize /ˈmek(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  give a mechanical character to 使机械化 2  introduce machines in 用机械装备 3 Mil.  equip with tanks, armoured cars, etc. (originally as a substitute for horse-drawn vehicles and cavalry) 【军】(用坦克、装甲车等装备)使(部队)机械化(替换早先的马拉车和骑兵) □ mechanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mechanizer  n.  

mechano- /ˈmek(ə)nəʊ/ comb. form  mechanical [构词成分]机械；机械的；机械和…的 [Greek mēkhano- from mēkhanē ‘machine’]

mechanoreceptor /ˌmek(ə)nəʊriˈseptə/ n. Biol.  a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch or sound 【生】(感官)机械性刺激感受器

mechatronics /mekəˈtrɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  technology combining electronics and mechanical engineering, esp. in developing new manufacturing techniques (尤指在开发先进的生产技术中所运用的)电子机械工程(学) [mechanics + electronics]

Mechlin /ˈmeklin/ n. (in full 全称 Mechlin lace)  lace made at Mechlin (now Mechelen or Malines) in Belgium (比利时)梅希林花边(现为 Mechelen 或 Malines)

M.Econ. abbr.  Master of Economics [缩略]经济学硕士

meconium /miˈkəʊniəm/ n. Med.  a dark substance forming the first faeces of a newborn infant 【医】胎粪 [Latin, literally ‘poppy-juice’, from Greek mēkōnion, from mēkōn ‘poppy’]

M.Ed. abbr.  Master of Education [缩略]教育学硕士

Med /med/ n. Brit. colloq.  the Mediterranean Sea [英口]地中海 [abbreviation]

med. abbr. [缩略]  medium 

medal /ˈmed(ə)l/ n.  a piece of metal, usu. in the form of a disc, struck or cast with an inscription or device to commemorate an event etc., or awarded as a distinction to a soldier, scholar, athlete, etc., for services rendered, for proficiency, etc. 奖牌；奖章；勋章；纪念章(通常盘状，纪念某一事件或因先进奖给战士、学者、运动员等) □ medalled  adj.  □ medallic  /miˈdælik/ adj.   [French médaille from Italian medaglia, ultimately from Latin metallum METAL]

medallion /miˈdæljən/ n.  1  a large medal 大奖牌；大奖章；大勋章 2  a thing shaped like this, e.g. a decorative panel or tablet, portrait, etc. (大奖牌；大奖章；大勋章形的)图形；图案(如装饰板或牌扁、图片等) [French médaillon from Italian medaglione, augmentative of medaglia (as MEDAL)]

medallist /ˈmed(ə)list/ n. (US [美] medalist)  1  a recipient of a (specified) medal 奖牌获得者  gold medallist  金牌获得者 2  an engraver or designer of medals (奖牌、奖章等的)制作者，设计者

medal play n. Golf 【高尔夫球】  = STROKE PLAY 

meddle /ˈmed(ə)l/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, in)  interfere in or busy oneself unduly with others' concerns 干涉；干预；管闲事 □ meddler  n.   [Middle English from Old French medler, variant of mesler, ultimately from Latin miscēre ‘mix’]

meddlesome /ˈmed(ə)ls(ə)m/ adj.  fond of meddling; interfering 爱管闲事的，好干预的；好干涉的 □ meddlesomely  adv.  □ meddlesomeness  n.  

Mede /mi:d/ n. hist.  a member of an Indo-European people which established an empire in Media in Persia (modern Iran) in the 7th c. BC [史义]米堤亚人 □ Median  adj.   [Middle English via Latin Medi (pl.) from Greek Mēdoi]

media1 /ˈmi:diə/ n. pl.  1 pl.  of MEDIUM  2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the main means of mass communication (esp. newspapers and broadcasting) regarded collectively 大众传播工具；大众传播媒介(尤指报纸、广播)■Usage 用法说明 Media is commonly used as a mass noun with a singular verb (e.g. The media is on our side), but this is not generally accepted. 一般 media 用作物质名词，动词用单数，(如 : The media is on our side 媒体在我们一方)但是，这并非被普遍接受。 (cf. 参见 DATA, AGENDA)

media2 /ˈmi:diə/ n. (pl. mediae /-dii:/) Anat.  a middle layer of the wall of an artery or other vessel 【解】血管中层 [Latin, fem. of medius ‘middle’]

mediaeval var.  of MEDIEVAL  MEDIEVAL 的变体

media event n.  an event primarily intended to attract publicity 重大新闻事件

medial /ˈmi:diəl/ adj.  1  situated in the middle 中间的；中央的；居中的 2  of average size 中等的；大小适宜的 □ medially  adv.   [Late Latin medialis from Latin medius ‘middle’]

median /ˈmi:diən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  situated in the middle (在)中间的；(在)中央的 ●n.  1 Anat.  a median artery, vein, nerve, etc. 【解】正中动脉；正中静脉(正中神经等) 2 Geom.  a straight line drawn from any vertex of a triangle to the middle of the opposite side 【几】(三角形的)中线 3 Math.  the middle value of a series of values arranged in order of size 【数】中值；中(位)数 □ medianly  adv.   [French médiane or Latin medianus (as MEDIAL)]

mediant /ˈmi:diənt/ n. Mus.  the third note of a diatonic scale of any key 【音】中音 [French médiante from Italian mediante part. of obsolete mediare ‘come between’, from Latin (as MEDIATE)]

mediastinum /ˌmi:diəˈstainəm/ n. (pl. mediastina /-nə/) Anat.  a membranous middle septum, esp. between the lungs 【解】(尤指肺间的)中隔 □ mediastinal  adj.   [modern Latin from medieval Latin mediastinus ‘medial’, ultimately from Latin medius ‘middle’]

mediate v. & adj. ●v. /ˈmi:dieit/  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between)  intervene (between parties in a dispute) to produce agreement or reconciliation (在争论的几方中间)调解；调停；斡旋 2 tr.  be the medium for bringing about (a result) or for conveying (a gift etc.) 促成(某种结果)；传播；转交(礼物等) 3 tr.  form a connecting link between 在…之间起中介作用 ●adj. /ˈmi:diət/  1  connected not directly but through some other person or thing 间接的；有间接关系的 2  involving an intermediate agency 中介的 □ mediately  /-ətli/ adv.  □ mediation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mediator  /ˈmi:dieitə/ n.  □ mediatory  /ˈmi:diət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin mediare mediat- from Latin medius ‘middle’]

medic1 /ˈmedik/ n. colloq.  a medical practitioner or student [口]实习医生；医科学生 [Latin medicus ‘physician’ from medēri ‘heal’]

medic2 var.  of MEDICK  MEDICK 的变体

medicable /ˈmedikəb(ə)l/ adj.  admitting of remedial treatment 可医治的；可治愈的 [Latin medicabilis (as MEDICATE)]

Medicaid /ˈmedikeid/ n. (in the US) a federal system of health insurance for those requiring financial assistance (美国)联邦医疗补助制度 [MEDICAL + AID]

medical /ˈmedik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the science of medicine in general (有关)医学的；(有关)医疗的 2  of or relating to conditions requiring medical and not surgical treatment (有关)内科的  medical ward  内科病房 ●n. colloq.  a medical examination [口]体格检查 □ medically  adv.   [French médical or medieval Latin medicalis from Latin medicus: see MEDIC1]

medical certificate n.  a certificate of fitness or unfitness to work etc. (证明适于工作或不适于工作等的)诊断书

medical examination n.  an examination to determine a person's physical fitness 体格检查

medical jurisprudence n.  the law relating to medicine 法医学

medical officer n. Brit.  a person in charge of the health services of a local authority or other organization [英] (地方或其他机构的)卫生官员；卫生干事

medical practitioner n.  a physician or surgeon (内外科的)开业医生

medicament /miˈdikəm(ə)nt, ˈmedik-/ n.  a substance used for medical treatment 药物；药剂 [French médicament or Latin medicamentum (as MEDICATE)]

Medicare /ˈmedikɛə/ n.  1 (in the US) a federal system of health insurance for persons over 65 years of age (美国为 65 岁以上的公民提供的)老年保健医疗制度 2 (in Canada and Australia) a national health care scheme financed by taxation (加拿大和澳大利亚)国民医疗照顾方案 [MEDICAL + CARE]

medicate /ˈmedikeit/ v. tr.  1  treat medically 用药物治疗 2  impregnate with a medicinal substance (用药物)使受孕 □ medicative  /ˈmedikətiv/ adj.   [Latin medicari medicat- ‘administer remedies to’ from medicus: see MEDIC1]

medication /mediˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a substance used for medical treatment 药物 2  treatment using drugs 用药治疗

Medicean /mediˈtʃi:ən, -ˈsi:ən, meˈdi:tʃiən/ adj.  of the Medici family, rulers of Florence in the 15th c. (15 世纪佛罗伦萨)美第奇家族的 [modern Latin Mediceus from Italian Medici]

medicinal /miˈdisin(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a substance) having healing properties (物质)有疗效的 ●n.  a medicinal substance 药物 □ medicinally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin medicinalis (as MEDICINE)]

medicine /ˈmeds(ə)n; ˈmedisin/ n.  1  the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, esp. as distinct from surgical methods (尤有别于外科的)医学；医术 2  any drug or preparation used for the treatment or prevention of disease, esp. one taken by mouth (尤指内服的)药 3  a spell, charm, or fetish which is thought to cure afflictions (认为能驱病的)咒语；魔力；崇拜物 □ a dose (or taste) of one's own medicine   treatment such as one is accustomed to giving others 自己的苦果□ take one's medicine   submit to something disagreeable 接受不愉快的事 [Middle English via Old French medecine from Latin medicina, from medicus: see MEDIC1]

medicine ball n.  a large heavy stuffed usu. leather ball thrown and caught for exercise (通常皮制的)健身实心球

medicine chest n.  a box containing medicines etc. (内装药品等的)药箱；药柜

medicine man n.  a person believed, esp. among N. American Indians, to have magical powers of healing (尤指北美印地安人中的)巫师

medick /ˈmi:dik/ n. (also 亦作 medic)  any leguminous plant of the genus Medicago, esp. alfalfa 苜蓿属植物(尤指紫苜蓿) [Middle English via Latin medica from Greek Mēdikē poa ‘Median grass’]

medico /ˈmedikəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  = MEDIC1  [Italian from Latin (as MEDIC1)]

medico- /ˈmedikəʊ/ comb. form  medical; medical and (medico-legal 法医学(上)的) [构词成分]医疗的；医学的；医学和…的；医药和…的 [Latin medicus (as MEDIC1)]

medieval /mediˈi:v(ə)l, mi:-/ adj. (also 亦作 mediaeval)  1  of, or in the style of, the Middle Ages 中世纪的；中世纪风格的 2 colloq.  old-fashioned, archaic [口]老式的；古老的 □ medievalism  n.  □ medievalist  n.  □ medievalize  v. tr. & intr. (also -ise)  □ medievally  adv.   [modern Latin medium aevum, from Latin medius ‘middle’ + aevum ‘age’]

medieval history n.  the history of the 5th － 15th c. 中世纪史

medieval Latin n.  Latin of about AD 600 － 1500 中世纪拉丁语

medina /miˈdi:nə/ n. (also 亦作 Medina)  the old Arab or non-European quarter of a N. African town (北非)阿拉伯人(非欧洲人)聚居区 [Arabic, literally ‘town’]

mediocre /mi:diˈəʊkə/ adj.  1  of middling quality, neither good nor bad 平庸的；平凡的 2  second-rate 二流的；不够好的 [French médiocre or from Latin mediocris ‘of middle height or degree’, from medius ‘middle’ + ocris ‘rugged mountain’]

mediocrity /mi:diˈɒkriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being mediocre 平庸；平凡 2  a mediocre person or thing 庸人；平平常常之事物

meditate /ˈmediteit/ v.  1 intr.  a  exercise the mind in (esp. religious) contemplation (尤指宗教的)默念；默想b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  focus on a subject in this manner 深思；沉思；冥想 2 tr.  plan mentally; design 打算；计划 □ meditation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ meditator  n.   [Latin meditari ‘contemplate’]

meditative /ˈmeditətiv, -teitiv/ adj.  1  inclined to meditate 爱沉思的；爱冥想的 2  indicative of meditation 沉思的；冥想的 □ meditatively  adv.  □ meditativeness  n.  

Mediterranean /ˌmeditəˈreiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a large landlocked sea bordered by southern Europe, SW Asia, and N. Africa 地中海(位于南欧、西南亚和北非之间) 2  a native of a country bordering on the Mediterranean 地中海沿岸国家的人 ●adj.  of or characteristic of the Mediterranean, countries bordering it, or their inhabitants 地中海的；具有地中海特性的；地中海沿岸国家的；地中海沿岸国家居民的  Mediterranean climate  地中海气候 Mediterranean cookery  地中海烹饪术 of Mediterranean appearance  地中海风貌的 [Latin mediterraneus ‘inland’, from medius ‘middle’ + terra ‘land’]

Mediterranean Sea n.  地中海

medium /ˈmi:diəm/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. media or mediums)  1  the middle quality, degree, etc. between extremes (质量、程度等)中间；中庸  find a happy medium  找到中庸之道 2  the means by which something is communicated 媒介；媒质  the medium of sound  声音媒介 the medium of television  电视媒体 3  the intervening substance through which impressions are conveyed to the senses etc. 媒介物；介质  light passing from one medium into another  光从一种媒质传输到另一种媒质 4 Biol.  the physical environment or conditions of growth, storage, or transport of a living organism 【生】生活环境；生活条件  the shape of a fish is ideal for its fluid medium  鱼的外形适合水中游动 growing mould on the surface of a medium  在介质表面生长的霉菌 5  an agency or means of doing something 媒介；方法；手段  the medium through which money is raised  集资方法 6  the material or form used by an artist, composer, etc. (艺术家、作曲家创作用的)材料；表现形式  language as an artistic medium  语言作为艺术表现形式 7  the liquid (e.g. oil or gel) with which pigments are mixed for use in painting (颜料的)溶剂(如油或冻胶) 8 (pl. mediums)  a person claiming to be in contact with the spirits of the dead and to communicate between the dead and the living 巫师；通灵人 ●adj.  1  between two qualities, degrees, etc. (质量、程度等)中间的；中庸的；适中的 2  average; moderate 一般的；中等的  of medium height  中等个子 □ mediumism  n. (in sense 8 of n. 用于名词释义 8)  □ mediumistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj. (in sense 8 of n. 用于名词释义 8)  □ mediumship  n. (in sense 8 of n. 用于名词释义 8)   [Latin, = middle, neut. of medius]

medium bowler n. Cricket  a bowler who bowls at a medium pace 【板球】中速投手

medium dry adj. (of sherry, wine, etc.) having a flavour intermediate between dry and sweet (雪利酒、葡萄酒等)中度干的

medium frequency n.  a radio frequency between 300 kHz and 3 MHz 中频

medium of circulation n.  something that serves as an instrument of commercial transactions, e.g. coin 流通手段；通货(如硬币)

medium-range adj. (of an aircraft, missile, etc.) able to travel a medium distance (飞机、火箭等)中程的

medium-sized adj.  of average size 中型的；中等大小的

medium wave n. esp. Brit.  a radio wave of medium frequency [尤英]中波

medlar /ˈmedlə/ n.  1  a tree of the rose family, Mespilus germanica, bearing small brown apple-like fruits 欧楂属植物 2  the fruit of this tree which is eaten when decayed 欧楂果 [Middle English via Old French medler and Latin mespila from Greek mespilē, -on]

medley /ˈmedli/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a varied mixture; a miscellany 混合物；大杂烩 2  a collection of musical items from one work or various sources arranged as a continuous whole 集成曲 ●adj. archaic  mixed; motley [古义]混合的；混杂的 ●v. tr. (-eys, -eyed) archaic  make a medley of; intermix [古义]使混合；使成为杂烩 [Middle English via Old French medlee, variant of meslee, from Romanic (as MEDDLE)]

medley relay n.  a relay race between teams in which each member runs a different distance, swims a different stroke, etc. 异程接力赛跑(混合泳接力赛等)

Medoc /meiˈdɒk, ˈmedɒk/ n.  a fine red claret from the Médoc region of SW France (法国梅多克产的)梅多克红葡萄酒

medulla /meˈdʌlə/ n.  1 Anat.  the inner region of certain organs or tissues usu. when it is distinguishable from the outer region or cortex, as in hair or a kidney 【解】髓质 2 Bot.  the soft internal tissue of plants 【植】木髓 □ medullary  adj.   [Latin, = pith, marrow, probably related to medius ‘middle’]

medulla oblongata /ɒblɒŋˈɡɑ:tə/ n.  the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem 延髓

medusa /miˈdju:zə, -sə/ n. (pl. medusae /-zi:, -si:/ or medusas)  1  a jellyfish 海蛰 2 Zool.  a free-swimming sexual form of any coelenterate, having tentacles round the edge of a usu. umbrella-shaped jelly-like body, e.g. a jellyfish 【动】(通常伞状)水母体(如海蜇) □ medusan  adj.   [Latin from Greek Medousa, the name of a gorgon with snakes instead of hair]

meed /mi:d/ n. literary or archaic [文学用语] [古义]  1  reward 报酬 2  merited portion (of praise etc.) (赞扬等)应得的部分 [Old English mēd from West Germanic: related to Gothic mizdō, Greek misthos ‘reward’]

meek /mi:k/ adj.  1  humble and submissive; suffering injury etc. tamely 谦卑的；逆来顺受的；无骨气的 2  piously gentle in nature 温顺的 □ meekly  adv.  □ meekness  n.   [Middle English me(o)c from Old Norse mjúkr ‘soft, gentle’]

meerkat /ˈmiəkæt/ n.  a small African mongoose, esp. (in full 全称 grey meerkat) Suricata suricatta, with grey and black stripes, living gregariously in burrows Also called 亦称作 suricate 笔尾蠓；灰沼狸 [Dutch, = sea-cat]

meerschaum /ˈmiəʃɔ:m, -ʃəm/ n.  1  a soft white form of hydrated magnesium silicate, chiefly found in Turkey, which resembles clay 海泡石 2  a tobacco pipe with the bowl made from this 海泡石烟斗 [German, = sea-foam, from Meer ‘sea’ + Schaum ‘foam’, translation of Persian kef-i-daryɑˉ, with reference to its frothiness]

meet1 /mi:t/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. met /met/)  1  a tr.  encounter (a person or persons) by accident or design; come face to face with 遇见；遇到(某人或人们)b intr. (of two or more people) come into each other's company by accident or design (两人或多人)相遇；相逢  decided to meet on the bridge  决定在桥上见面 2 tr.  go to a place to be present at the arrival of (a person, train, etc.) 接(人、火车等) 3  a tr. (of a moving object, line, feature of landscape, etc.) come together or into contact with (行驶的东西、路线、地形地貌等)汇合；交叉；连接  where the road meets the flyover  公路与立交桥汇合处b intr.  come together or into contact 相接  where the sea and the sky meet  水天相连处 4  a tr.  make the acquaintance of 结识  delighted to meet you  认识你很高兴b intr. (of two or more people) make each other's acquaintance (两人或多人)相识 5 intr. & tr.  come together or come into contact with for the purposes of conference, business, worship, etc. (为会谈、做生意、祈祷等)开会；聚会；会见  the committee meets every week  委员会每周开会 the union met management yesterday  昨天工会与资方会谈 6 tr.  a (of a person or a group) deal with or answer (a demand, objection, etc.) (人或团体)应付；答复(要求、异议等)  met the original proposal with hostility  敌视原提议b  satisfy or conform with (proposals, deadlines, a person, etc.) 满足；符合(提议、截止日期、某人等)  agreed to meet the new terms  同意新条件 did my best to meet them on that point  尽我全力在那方面满足他们 7 tr.  pay (a bill etc.); provide the funds required by (a cheque etc.) 支付(账单等)；兑现(支票)  meet the cost of the move  支付搬家费用 8 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 with) intr.  experience, encounter, or receive (success, disaster, a difficulty, etc.) 经历(成功)；遭受；遭到(灾难、困难等)  met their death  丧生 met with many problems  遇到很多问题 9 tr.  oppose in battle, contest, or confrontation 和…对抗；和…比赛；和…交手 10 intr. (of clothes, curtains, etc.) join or fasten correctly (衣服、窗帘等)连接合适  my jacket won't meet  我的夹克不合身 ●n.  1  the assembly of riders and hounds for a hunt (猎人和猎犬的)集会 2  the assembly of competitors for various sporting activities, esp. athletics 运动会；集会(尤指田径运动) □ make ends meet   see 见 END □ meet the case   be adequate 适当；令人满意□ meet the eye (or the ear)   be visible (or audible) 可以看见(听见)□ meet a person's eye   check if another person is watching and look into his or her eyes in return 与某人的目光相遇□ meet a person halfway   make a compromise; respond in a friendly way to the advances of another person 妥协；迎合□ meet up  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) colloq.  meet or make contact, esp. by chance [口]偶遇(尤指不期而遇)□ meet with   1  see sense 8 of v. 见动词释义 8 2  receive (a reaction) 获得；得到(反应)  met with the committee's approval  获得委员会的批准 3 esp. US [尤美]  = sense 1a of v. □ more in it than meets the eye   hidden qualities or complications 不是一眼所能看出来的 [Old English mētan from Germanic: cf. MOOT]

meet2 /mi:t/ adj. archaic  suitable, fit, proper [古义]适合的；合适的；适当的 □ meetly  adv.  □ meetness  n.   [Old English gemœˉte from Germanic: related to METE1]

meeting /ˈmi:tiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of MEET1 用于 MEET1 的各释义 2  an assembly of people, esp. the members of a society, committee, etc., for discussion or entertainment (尤指社团、委员会等的成员)会议；聚会 3  = RACE MEETING  4  an assembly (esp. of Quakers) for worship (尤指贵格会教徒的)宗教聚会 5  the persons assembled 聚会者；与会者  address the meeting  在大会讲话

meeting house n.  a place of worship, esp. of Quakers etc. (尤指贵格会教徒等的)礼拜堂；聚会所

Meg /meg/   梅格 [人名]

mega /ˈmeɡə/ adj. & adv. slang [俚语] ●adj.  1  brilliant, excellent 杰出的；优秀的 2  enormous 许多的 ●adv.  extremely 非常  mega famous  非常著名

mega- /ˈmeɡə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  large 巨大的 2  denoting a factor of one million (106) in the metric system of measurement (abbr. 缩略 : M) 兆；百万 [Greek from megas ‘great’]

megabuck /ˈmeɡəbʌk/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a million dollars 100 万美元 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a huge sum of money 一大笔钱；巨款

megabyte /ˈmeɡəbait/ n. Computing 1,048,576 (i.e. 220) bytes as a measure of data capacity, or loosely 1,000,000 (abbr. 缩略 : MB) 【计算】兆字节

megadeath /ˈmeɡədeθ/ n.  the death of one million people (esp. as a unit in estimating the casualties of war) 100 万人的死亡(尤作为战争中估算死伤的单位)

megaflop /ˈmeɡəflɒp/ n.  1 Computing  a unit of computing speed equal to one million floating-point operations per second 【计算】每秒百万次浮点运算 2 slang  a complete failure [俚语]彻底失败

megahertz /ˈmeɡəhɜ:ts/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  one million hertz, esp. as a measure of frequency of radio transmissions (abbr. 缩略 : MHz) (尤作为频率单位)兆赫

megalith /ˈmeɡəliθ/ n. Archaeol.  a large stone, esp. one placed upright as a monument or part of one 【考古】(尤整块作石碑用的)巨石 [MEGA- + Greek lithos ‘stone’]

megalithic /meɡəˈliθik/ adj. Archaeol.  made of or marked by the use of large stones 【考古】巨石造成的；用巨石的

megalo- /ˈmeɡələʊ/ comb. form  great (megalomania 夸大狂) [构词成分]巨大的 [Greek from megas megal- ‘great’]

megalomania /meɡ(ə)lə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  1  a mental disorder producing delusions of grandeur 夸大狂 2  a passion for grandiose schemes 妄自尊大 □ megalomaniac  adj. & n.  □ megalomaniacal  /-məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ megalomanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.  

megalopolis /meɡəˈlɒp(ə)lis/ n.  1  a great city or its way of life 特大城市；特大城市生活方式 2  an urban complex consisting of a city and its environs (以大城市为中心的)人口稠密区 □ megalopolitan  /-ləˈpɒlit(ə)n/ adj. & n.   [MEGA- + Greek polis ‘city’]

megalosaurus /meɡ(ə)lə(ʊ)ˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (also 亦作 megalosaur /ˈmeɡələsɔ:/)  a large flesh-eating dinosaur of the genus Megalosaurus, with stout hind legs and small forelimbs 斑龙 [MEGALO - + Greek sauros ‘lizard’]

megaphone /ˈmeɡəfəʊn/ n.  a large funnel-shaped device for amplifying the sound of the voice 扩音器；话筒；喇叭筒

megapode /ˈmeɡəpəʊd/ n. (also 亦作 megapod /-pɒd/)  any bird of the family Megapodidae, native to Australasia, that builds a mound of debris for the incubation of its eggs, e.g. a mallee fowl 塚雉(如眼斑塚雉) [modern Latin genus name Megapodius, formed as MEGA- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

megaron /ˈmeɡər(ə)n/ n.  the central hall of a large Mycenaean house (迈锡尼式建筑的)中央大厅 [Greek, = hall]

megaspore /ˈmeɡəspɔ:/ n.  the larger of the two kinds of spores produced by some ferns (cf. 参见 MICROSPORE) 大孢子

megastar /ˈmeɡəstɑ:/ n.  a very famous person, esp. in the world of entertainment (尤指娱乐界)超级大明星

megastore /ˈmeɡəstɔ:/ n.  a large shop selling many different types of goods, esp. situated at the edge of a town (尤指位于城区边缘的)超级商场；巨大商城

megaton /ˈmeɡətʌn/ n. (also 亦作 megatonne)  a unit of explosive power equal to one million tons of TNT 百万吨级(爆炸力计算单位，相当于 100 万吨梯恩梯炸药)

megavolt /ˈmeɡəvəʊlt, -vɒlt/ n.  one million volts, esp. as a unit of electromotive force (abbr. 缩略 : MV) (尤作为电动势单位)百万伏特

megawatt /ˈmeɡəwɒt/ n.  one million watts, esp. as a measure of electrical power as generated by power stations (abbr. 缩略 : MW) (尤作为电功率单位)百万瓦特

Megger /ˈmeɡə/ n. Electr. propr.  an instrument for measuring electrical insulation resistance (cf. 参见 MEGOHM) 【电】[商标]兆欧(姆)表

megilp /məˈɡilp/ n. (also 亦作 magilp)  a mixture of mastic resin and linseed oil, added to oil paints, much used in the 19th c. (油画颜料的)调色油 [18th c.: origin unknown]

megohm /ˈmeɡəʊm/ n. Electr.  one million ohms 【电】兆欧(姆) [MEGA- + OHM]

megrim1 /ˈmi:ɡrim/ n.  1 archaic  migraine [古义]偏头疼 2  a whim, a fancy 幻想；怪念头 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  depression; low spirits 沮丧；忧郁b  staggers, vertigo in horses etc. (马等)蹒跚病；眩晕 [Middle English mygrane from Old French MIGRAINE]

megrim2 /ˈmi:ɡrim/ n.  either of two European deep-water flatfishes, Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis and Arnoglossus laterna Also called 亦称作 sail-fluke 帆丽鲜；灯笼鲆 [19th c.: origin unknown]

meiosis /maiˈəʊsis/ n. (pl. meioses /-si:z/)  1 Biol.  a type of cell division that results in daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (cf. 参见 MITOSIS) 【生】减数分裂 2  = LITOTES  □ meiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.  □ meiotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin from Greek meiōsis, via meioō ‘lessen’ from meiōn ‘less’]

Meissen /ˈmais(ə)n/ n.  a hard-paste porcelain made since 1710 梅森瓷器 [Meissen near Dresden in Germany]

Meistersinger /ˈmaistəziŋə, -siŋ-/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a member of one of the 14th － 16th-c. German guilds for lyric poets and musicians 名歌手 (14 至 16 世纪德国诗人和音乐家行会的成员) [German, from Meister MASTER + Singer SINGER (see SING)]

melamine /ˈmeləmi:n/ n.  1  a white crystalline compound that can be copolymerized with formaldehyde to give thermosetting resins 密胺；三聚氰胺 2 (in full 全称 melamine resin)  a plastic made from melamine and used esp. for laminated coatings (尤作为层压涂层的)密胺树脂；三聚氰胺树脂 [German melam (an arbitrary formation) + AMINE]

melancholia /melənˈkəʊliə/ n.  1  a mental illness marked by depression and ill-founded fears 忧郁症；抑郁症 2  = MELANCHOLYn. 1  [Late Latin: see MELANCHOLY]

melancholy /ˈmelənk(ə)li/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a pensive sadness 愁思；抑郁b  a tendency to this 忧郁症 2 hist. [史义]  = BLACK BILE  3 Med. archaic 【医】[古义]  = MELANCHOLIA 1  ●adj. (of a person) sad, gloomy; (of a thing) saddening, depressing; (of words, a tune, etc.) expressing sadness (人)忧郁的；(物)令人沮丧的；(词语、曲调等)令人感伤的 □ melancholic  /-ˈkɒlik/ adj.  □ melancholically  /-ˈkɒlik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French melancolie and Late Latin melancholia from Greek melagkholia, from melas melanos ‘black’ + kholē ‘bile’]

Melanesia /ˌmeləˈni:ziə/ n.  美拉尼西亚 [西南太平洋的岛群]

Melanesian /meləˈni:zj(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the dominant Negroid people of Melanesia, an island group in the W. Pacific (西太平洋)美拉尼西亚人 2  any of the Austronesian languages of this people 美拉尼西亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)美拉尼西亚人的；(有关)美拉尼西亚语的 [Melanesia from Greek melas ‘black’ + nēsos ‘island’]

Melanie /ˈmeləni/   梅拉尼 [人名]

melanin /ˈmelənin/ n.  a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye, that is responsible for tanning of the skin when exposed to sunlight 黑色素 [Greek melas melanos ‘black’ + -IN]

melanism /ˈmeləniz(ə)m/ n.  the unusual darkening of body tissues caused by excessive production of melanin, esp. as a form of colour variation in animals 黑变(病)；黑素沉着(病) (尤作为动物色调变化的一种形式) □ melanic  /miˈlænik/ adj.  

melanoma /meləˈnəʊmə/ n.  a usu. malignant tumour of melanin-forming cells, usu. in the skin (通常恶性的)黑素瘤(通常位于皮肤上) [MELANIN + -OMA]

melanosis /meləˈnəʊsis/ n.  1  = MELANISM  2  a disorder in the body's production of melanin 黑素代谢失常 □ melanotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek (as MELANIN)]

Melba /ˈmelbə/ n.   □ do a Melba  Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  return from retirement 退休回家 2  make several farewell appearances 多次告别 [Dame Nellie Melba, Australian operatic soprano d. 1931]

Melba sauce n.  a sauce made from puréed raspberries thickened with icing sugar 梅尔巴甜酱

Melba toast n.  very thin crisp toast 梅尔巴薄脆吐司

Melbourne /ˈmelbən/ n.  墨尔本(即新金山) [澳大利亚东南部港市]

meld1 /meld/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (in rummy, canasta, etc.) lay down or declare (one's cards) in order to score points (拉米、凯纳斯特牌戏等)摊牌 ●n.  a completed set or run of cards in any of these games 摊出可得分的牌组 [German melden ‘announce’]

meld2 /meld/ v. tr. & intr. orig. US  merge, blend, combine [源于美] (使)合并；(使)混合；(使)结合 [perhaps from MELT + WELD1]

melic /ˈmelik/ adj. (of a poem, esp. a Greek lyric) meant to be sung (诗歌，尤指希腊抒情诗)可唱的 [Latin melicus from Greek melikos, from melos ‘song’]

melilot /ˈmelilɒt/ n.  a leguminous plant of the genus Melilotus, with trifoliate leaves, small flowers, and a scent of hay when dried 草木犀属植物 [(Old) French mélilot via Latin melilotus from Greek melilōtos ‘honey lotus’]

Melinda /məˈlində/   梅林达 [人名]

meliorate /ˈmi:liəreit/ v. tr. & intr. literary  improve (cf. 参见 AMELIORATE) [文学用语]改善；改进；改良 □ melioration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ meliorative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin meliorare (as MELIORISM)]

meliorism /ˈmi:liəriz(ə)m/ n.  a doctrine that the world may be made better by human effort 社会向善论 □ meliorist  n.   [Latin melior ‘better’ + -ISM]

melisma /miˈlizmə/ n. (pl. melismata /-mətə/ or melismas) Mus.  a group of notes sung to one syllable of text 【音】花唱 □ melismatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [Greek]

melliferous /meˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.  yielding or producing honey 产蜜的 [Latin mellifer from mel ‘honey’]

mellifluous /meˈliflʊəs/ adj. (of a voice or words) pleasing, musical, flowing (声音、词语)悦耳的；有乐感的；流畅的 □ mellifluence  n.  □ mellifluent  adj.  □ mellifluously  adv.  □ mellifluousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French melliflue or Late Latin mellifluus, from mel ‘honey’ + fluere ‘flow’]

mellow /ˈmeləʊ/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of sound, colour, light) soft and rich; free from harshness (音、色、光)柔和的；圆润的 2 (of character) softened or matured by age or experience (性格)成熟的；稳健的；老练的 3  genial, jovial 欢乐的；快乐的 4  slightly drunk 微醺的 5 (of fruit) soft, sweet, and juicy (水果)甘美多汁的 6 (of wine) well-matured, smooth (酒)陈化的；芳醇的 7 (of earth) rich, loamy (土壤)肥沃的；松软的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become mellow (使)变得柔和；(使)变得老练(稳健)；(使)变得甘美多汁；(使)变得陈化 □ mellowly  adv.  □ mellowness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from attributive use of Old English melu, melw- MEAL2]

melodeon /miˈləʊdiən/ n. (also 亦作 melodion)  1  a small organ popular in the 19th c., similar to the harmonium 风琴 2  a small German accordion, played esp. by folk musicians (尤指民间音乐家演奏的)美乐琴 [in sense 1, alteration of melodium, from MELODY + HARMONIUM; in sense 2, perhaps from MELODY + ACCORDION]

melodic /miˈlɒdik/ adj.  1  of or relating to melody 旋律的；悦耳的 2  having or producing melody 产生旋律的 □ melodically  adv.   [French mélodique via Late Latin melodicus from Greek melōidikos (as MELODY)]

melodic minor n.  a scale with the sixth and seventh degrees raised when ascending and lowered when descending 旋律小音阶

melodious /miˈləʊdiəs/ adj.  1  of, producing, or having melody 旋律的；产生旋律的；具有旋律的 2  sweet-sounding 优美的；悦耳的 □ melodiously  adv.  □ melodiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French melodieus (as MELODY)]

melodist /ˈmelədist/ n.  1  a composer of melodies 作曲家 2  a singer 歌唱家

melodize /ˈmelədaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  make a melody or melodies; make sweet music 作曲；作主旋律；谱悦耳音乐 2 tr.  make melodious 使旋律优美；使悦耳 □ melodizer  n.  

melodrama /ˈmelə(ʊ)drɑ:mə/ n.  1  a sensational dramatic piece with crude appeals to the emotions and usu. a happy ending (尤指以欢快气氛结尾的)传奇剧；情景剧 2  the genre of drama of this type 传奇剧体裁 3  language, behaviour, or an occurrence suggestive of this 传奇剧式的言行(或事件) 4 hist.  a play with songs interspersed and with orchestral music accompanying the action [史义]音乐戏剧 □ melodramatic  /-drəˈmætik/ adj.  □ melodramatically  /-drəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ melodramatist  /-ˈdræmətist/ n.  □ melodramatize  /-ˈdræmətaiz/ v. tr. (also -ise)   [French mélodrame, from Greek melos ‘music’ + French drame DRAMA]

melodramatics /melə(ʊ)drəˈmætiks/ n. pl.  melodramatic behaviour, action, or writing 传奇剧式的行为(或作品)

melody /ˈmelədi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an arrangement of single notes in a musically expressive succession 曲调；旋律 2  the principal part in harmonized music 主旋律 3  a musical arrangement of words 谱曲 4  sweet music; tunefulness 美妙的音乐；悦耳的音乐 [Middle English via Old French melodie and Late Latin melodia from Greek melōidia, from melos ‘song’]

melon /ˈmelən/ n.  1  the large round fruit of various plants of the gourd family, with sweet pulpy flesh and many seeds 瓜(葫芦科植物的果实)  honeydew melon  甜瓜 watermelon  西瓜 2  the plant producing this 葫芦科植物 3 Zool.  a mass of waxy material in the head of some toothed whales, thought to focus acoustic signals 【动】(鲸鱼头部的)圆形隆起 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin melo -onis, abbreviation of Latin melopepo, from Greek mēlopepōn, from mēlon ‘apple’ + pepōn ‘gourd’]

melt /melt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  become liquefied by heat 融化；熔化 2 tr.  change to a liquid condition by heat (see also 另见 MOLTEN) 使融化；使熔化 3 intr. & tr.  soften or liquefy by the action of moisture; dissolve 融化；使溶解 4 intr.  a (of a person, feelings, the heart, etc.) be softened as a result of pity, love, etc. (人、情感、心等因可怜、爱等)变软b  dissolve into tears 伤心落泪 5 tr.  soften (a person, feelings, the heart, etc.) 使(人、情感、心等)变软  a look to melt a heart of stone  一瞥熔化铁石心 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  change or merge imperceptibly into another form or state 逐渐变化；融合  night melted into dawn  夜尽昼来 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away) (of a person) leave or disappear unobtrusively (人)逐渐消失  melted into the background  消失在背景中 melted away into the crowd  融进了人群中 8 intr. (usu. as 通常作 melting adj.) (of sound) be soft and liquid (声音)柔和的  melting chords  柔和的和弦 9 intr. colloq. (of a person) suffer extreme heat [口] (人)热得难熬  I'm melting in this thick jumper  穿这件厚套衫真热死我了 ●n.  1  liquid metal etc. 熔化的金属(熔化物等) 2  an amount melted at any one time 一次熔化的量 3  the process or an instance of melting 熔化；融化；溶解 □ melt away   disappear or make disappear by liquefaction 消失；使消散□ melt down   1  melt (esp. metal articles) in order to refuse the raw material 重新熔化，回炉(尤指金属器物) 2  become liquid and lose structure (cf. 参见 MELTDOWN) 熔化□ melt in the mouth  (of food) be delicious and esp. very light (食物)美味的(尤指入口就融化)□ meltable  adj.  □ melter  n.  □ meltingly  adv.   [Old English meltan, mieltan from Germanic: related to MALT]

meltdown /ˈmeltdaʊn/ n.  1  the melting of (and consequent damage to) a structure, esp. the overheated core of a nuclear reactor (使之结构受到破坏的)融化；熔化；(核反应堆活心区的)熔毁 2  a disastrous event, esp. a rapid fall in share prices 灾难性事件(尤指股价下跌)

melting point n.  the temperature at which any given solid will melt 熔点

melting pot n.  1  a pot in which metals etc. are melted and mixed (熔化金属等的)熔化锅；坩锅 2  a place where races, theories, etc. are mixed, or an imaginary pool where ideas are mixed together (各种族、理论等的)同化的地方；(不同思想的)混合

melton /ˈmelt(ə)n/ n.  cloth with a close-cut nap, used for overcoats etc. (做大衣等的)麦尔登呢 [Melton Mowbray, a town in central England, formerly a centre of manufacture]

melt water n.  water formed by the melting of snow and ice, esp. from a glacier 冰雪融化成的水(尤冰川融化的水)

member /ˈmembə/ n.  1  a person belonging to a society, team, etc. (社团、班组等的)成员；一分子；会员 2 (作 Member)  a person formally elected to take part in the proceedings of certain organizations 议员  Member of Parliament  下院议员 Member of Congress  美国国会议员 3 (also 亦作 attrib.)  a part or branch of a political body (政体的)成员  member state  成员国 a member of the Commonwealth  共同体成员 4  a constituent portion of a complex structure 复杂结构的部分  load-bearing member  承载部分 5  a part of a sentence, equation, group of figures, mathematical set, etc. 子句；(方程的)成分；元 6  a  any part or organ of the body, esp. a limb (人体的)部分；器官(尤指肢体)b  the penis (cf. 参见 MEMBRUM VIRILE) 阴茎 7  used in the title awarded to a person admitted to (usu. the lowest grade of) certain honours 用于(通常最低级)荣誉获得者的头衔  Member of the British Empire  英帝国荣誉奖获得者 □ membered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ memberless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French membre from Latin membrum ‘limb’]

membership /ˈmembəʃip/ n.  1  being a member 会员身份；成员 2  the number of members 会员(成员)数 3  the body of members 全体会员

membrane /ˈmembrein/ n.  1  any pliable sheetlike structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism 膜；细胞膜 2  a thin pliable sheet or skin of various kinds 薄膜；膜状物 □ membranaceous  /membrəˈneiʃəs/ adj.  □ membraneous  /memˈbreiniəs/ adj.  □ membranous  /ˈmembrənəs/ adj.   [Latin membrana ‘skin covering part of the body, parchment’ (as MEMBER)]

membrum virile /membrəm viˈraili, viˈri:li/ n. archaic  the penis [古义]阴茎 [Latin, = male member]

memento /miˈmentəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  an object kept as a reminder or a souvenir of a person or an event 纪念物；纪念品 [Latin, imperative of meminisse ‘remember’]

memento mori /miˌmentəʊ ˈmɔ:ri, -rai/ n.  a warning or reminder of death (e.g. a skull) 死的象征(如骷髅)；使人联想到死的事物 [Latin, = remember you must die]

memo /ˈmeməʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a memorandum [口]备忘录 [abbreviation]

memoir /ˈmemwɑ:, -wɔ:/ n.  1  a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources 实录；传；传记 2 (in pl. 用复数)  an autobiography or a written account of one's memory of certain events or people 自传；传略 3  a  an essay on a learned subject specially studied by the writer 专题论文b (in pl. 用复数)  the proceedings or transactions of a learned society 学术论文集  Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society  美国数学学会论文集 □ memoirist  n.   [French mémoire (masc.), special use of mémoire (fem.) MEMORY]

memorabilia /mem(ə)rəˈbiliə/ n. pl.  1  souvenirs of memorable events, people, etc. (为纪念值得纪念的事件、人等而发行的)纪念品 2 archaic  memorable or noteworthy things [古义]值得纪念的事物 [Latin, neut. pl. (as MEMORABLE)]

memorable /ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  worth remembering; not to be forgotten 值得纪念的；难忘的 2  easily remembered 容易记住的 □ memorability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ memorableness  n.  □ memorably  adv.   [Middle English from French mémorable or Latin memorabilis from memorare ‘bring to mind’, from memor ‘mindful’]

memorandum /meməˈrændəm/ n. (pl. memoranda /-də/ or memorandums)  1  a note or record made for future use 备忘便条；记录 2  an informal written message, esp. in business, diplomacy, etc. (尤指商业、外交等的)备忘录 3 Law  a document recording the terms of a contract or other legal details 【法律】协议记录；章程 [Middle English from Latin, neut. sing. gerundive of memorare: see MEMORABLE]

memorial /miˈmɔ:riəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an object, institution, or custom established in memory of a person or event 纪念物；纪念馆；纪念碑  the Albert Memorial  艾伯特纪念馆 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) hist.  a statement of facts as the basis of a petition etc.; a record; an informal diplomatic paper [史义]请愿书；抗议书；外交备忘录 ●adj.  intending to commemorate a person or thing 纪念性的  memorial service  追悼仪式 □ memorialist  n.   [Middle English from Old French memorial or Latin memorialis (as MEMORY)]

Memorial Day n. (in the US) a day on which those who died on active service are remembered, usu. the last Monday in May (美国)阵亡将士纪念日(通常在 5 月最后一个周一)

memorialize /miˈmɔ:riəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  commemorate 纪念 2  address a memorial to (a person or body) 向(某人或某团体)请愿

memoria technica /miˌmɔ:riə ˈteknikə/ n.  a system or contrivance used to assist the memory 记忆术；帮助记忆的装置 [modern Latin, = artificial memory]

memorize /ˈmeməraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  commit to memory 记住；背熟 □ memorizable  adj.  □ memorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ memorizer  n.  

memory /ˈmem(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the faculty by which things are recalled to or kept in the mind 记忆力 2  a  this faculty in an individual (个人的)记性  my memory is beginning to fail  我的记忆力在减退b  one's store of things remembered 记忆  buried deep in my memory  深深地留在记忆中 3  a recollection or remembrance 回忆；回想  the memory of better times  对美好时光的回忆 4  a  the part of a computer etc. in which data or instructions can be stored for retrieval (计算机等的)存储器b  capacity for storing information in this way 存储量 5  the remembrance of a person or thing 记忆中的人(或事)  his mother's memory haunted him  母亲的音容常萦绕着他 6  a  the reputation of a dead person (亡者的)声誉  his memory lives on  他永垂不朽b  in formulaic phrases used of a dead sovereign etc. (对已故君主等的)纪念  of blessed memory  先，故 7  the length of time over which the memory or memories of any given person or group extends 记忆范围；记忆所及年限  within living memory  现在还记得 within the memory of anyone still working here  在这里工作的人仍然记得 8  the act of remembering 纪念  a deed worthy of memory  值得纪念的业绩 □ from memory   without verification in books etc. 凭记忆□ in memory of   to keep alive the remembrance of 纪念；作为对…的纪念 [Middle English via Old French memorie, memoire from Latin memoria, from memor ‘mindful, remembering’: related to MOURN]

memory bank n.  1  the memory device of a computer etc. (计算机等的)存储体；数据总库 2  the store of memories of an individual or group (个人或群体的)全部记忆

memory board n.  a detachable storage device which can be connected to a computer 存储板

memory lane n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 down, along)  an imaginary and sentimental journey into the past 人生道路的轨迹

memory mapping n. Computing  a technique whereby a computer treats peripheral devices as if they were located in the main memory 【计算】存储器内变换

memsahib /ˈmemsɑ:ib, -sɑ:b/ n. Anglo-Ind. hist.  a European married woman in India, as spoken of or to by Indians [印英史义]夫人；太太(印度人对欧洲已婚妇女的尊称) [MA'AM + SAHIB]

men pl.  of MAN  

menace /ˈmenəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a threat 威胁；恐吓 2  a dangerous or obnoxious thing or person 危险的(或可憎的)人(或事物) 3 joc.  a pest; a nuisance [诙]讨厌的人(或事物) ●v. tr. & intr.  threaten, esp. in a malignant or hostile manner (尤指恶意或敌意地)威胁；恐吓 □ menacer  n.  □ menacingly  adv.   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin minax -acis ‘threatening’ from minari ‘threaten’]

menagerie /məˈnædʒ(ə)ri/ n.  1  a collection of wild animals in captivity for exhibition etc. (供展览等的)野生动物 2  the place where these are housed 动物园；兽栏；兽笼 [French ménagerie (as MéNAGE)]

menaquinone /menəˈkwinəʊn/ n.  one of the K vitamins, produced by bacteria found in the large intestine and essential for the blood-clotting process Also called 亦称作 vitamin K2 维生素 K2 ；甲基荼醌类 [chemical name methyl-naphthoquinone]

menarche /meˈnɑ:ki/ n.  the onset of first menstruation 月经初潮 [modern Latin, formed as MENO- + Greek arkhē ‘beginning’]

mend /mend/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  restore to a sound condition; repair (a broken article, a damaged road, torn clothes, etc.) 修理(毁坏的公路)；修补；缝补(破损的物品、撕破的衣服等) 2 intr.  heal 康复；愈合 3 tr.  improve 改善；改进  mend matters  使事态好转 4 tr.  add fuel to (a fire) 使(火)变旺 ●n.  a darn or repair in material etc. (物品等)补丁；修补过的地方  a mend in my shirt  衬衣上的补丁 □ mend one's fences   make peace with a person 恢复友好关系□ mend one's manners   improve one's behaviour 改过；改变作风□ mend one's pace   go faster; alter one's pace to another's 赶快；加快步子□ mend one's ways   reform, improve one's habits 改过自新；改变习惯□ on the mend   improving in health or condition 在康复中；(事态)好转中□ mendable  adj.  □ mender  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French mender, from amender AMEND]

mendacious /menˈdeiʃəs/ adj.  lying, untruthful 撒谎的；不诚实的；不真实的 □ mendaciously  adv.  □ mendacity  /-ˈdæsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin mendax -dacis, perhaps from mendum ‘fault’]

mendelevium /mendəˈli:viəm, -ˈleiviəm/ n. Chem.  an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element (symbol 符 Md) 【化】(化学元素)钔 [named after D. I. Mendeleev, Russian chemist d. 1907]

Mendelism /ˈmend(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the theory of heredity based on the recurrence of certain inherited characteristics transmitted by genes 孟德尔的(遗传)学说 □ Mendelian  /-ˈdi:liən/ adj. & n.   [from the name of G. J. Mendel, Austrian botanist d. 1884, + -ISM]

mendicant /ˈmendik(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  begging 乞讨的；乞丐的 2 (of a friar) living solely on alms (男修士)靠施舍生活的 ●n.  1  a beggar 乞丐 2  a mendicant friar 托钵僧(修士) □ mendicancy  n.  □ mendicity  /-ˈdisiti/ n.   [Latin mendicare ‘beg’ via mendicus ‘beggar’ from mendum ‘fault’]

mending /ˈmendiŋ/ n.  1  the action of a person who mends 修理；修补；缝补 2  things, esp. clothes, to be mended 修补的东西(尤指衣物)

menfolk /ˈmenfəʊk/ n. pl.  1  men in general 男人(总称) 2  the men of one's family 家庭里的男人

menhaden /menˈheid(ə)n/ n.  any large herring-like fish of the genus Brevoortia, of the east coast of N. America, yielding valuable oil and used for manure (北美东海岸的)油鲱 [Algonquian]

menhir /ˈmenhiə/ n. Archaeol.  a tall upright usu. prehistoric monumental stone 【考古】(尤指史前的)巨石；竖石纪念物 [Breton men ‘stone’ + hir ‘long’]

menial /ˈmi:niəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. of unskilled domestic work) degrading, servile 适于仆人做的，卑贱的(尤指无需特殊技能的家务事) 2 usu. derog. [通常贬] (of a servant) domestic (仆人)干家务的 ●n.  1  a menial servant 低下家仆 2  a servile person 奴颜婢膝的人 □ menially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French meinee ‘household’]

meningitis /meninˈdʒaitis/ n.  inflammation of the meninges due to infection by viruses or bacteria 脑膜炎；脑脊膜炎 □ meningitic  /-ˈdʒitik/ adj.  

meningococcus /miˌniŋɡəʊˈkɔkəs, -ˌnindʒəʊ-/ n. (pl. meningococci /-ˈkɒk(s)ai, -ˈkɒk(s)i:/)  a bacterium, Neisseria meningitidis, involved in some forms of meningitis and cerebrospinal infection 脑膜炎球菌 □ meningococcal  adj.   [from meninges, pl. of MENINX, + COCCUS]

meninx /ˈmi:niŋks/ n. (pl. meninges /miˈnindʒi:z/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Anat.  each of three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord 【解】脑膜；脑脊膜(含硬膜、蛛网膜、软膜) □ meningeal  /miˈnindʒiəl/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek mēnigx -iggos ‘membrane’]

meniscus /miˈniskəs/ n. (pl. menisci /-sai/)  1 Physics  the curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube 【物理学】弯(月)液面 2  a lens that is convex on one side and concave on the other 凹凸透镜 3 Anat.  a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints, e.g. the knee 【解】(薄的)纤维化软骨；半月板 4 Math.  a crescent-shaped figure 【数】弯月形图 □ meniscoid  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek mēniskos ‘crescent’, diminutive of mēnē ‘moon’]

Mennonite /ˈmenənait/ n.  a member of a Protestant sect originating in Friesland in the 16th c., emphasizing adult baptism and rejecting Church organization, military service, and public office 门诺派教徒 [from the name of its founder, Menno Simons, d. 1561]

meno- /ˈmenəʊ/ comb. form  menstruation [构词成分]月经 [Greek mēn mēnos ‘month’]

menology /miˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a calendar, esp. that of the Greek Church, with biographies of the saints (尤指希腊教会的)月表；月录 [modern Latin menologium from ecclesiastical Greek mēnologion, from mēn ‘month’ + logos ‘account’]

menopause /ˈmenə(ʊ)pɔ:z/ n.  1  the ceasing of menstruation 绝经 2  the period in a woman's life (usu. between 45 and 50) when this occurs (see also 另见 MALE MENOPAUSE) (通常在 40 到 50 岁之间)绝经期 □ menopausal  /-ˈpɔ:z(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin menopausis (as MENO-, PAUSE)]

menorah /miˈnɔ:rə/ n.  a candelabrum having usu. eight branches, used in Jewish worship, esp. as a symbol of Judaism (尤作为犹太教标志的)大烛台(通常有 8 个分扦枝) [Hebrew, = candlestick]

menorrhagia /menəˈreidʒiə/ n.  abnormally heavy bleeding at menstruation 月经过多 [MENO- + stem of Greek rhēgnumi ‘burst’]

menorrhoea /menəˈri:ə/ n.  ordinary flow of blood at menstruation 月经正常 [MENO- + Greek rhoia from rheō ‘flow’]

menses /ˈmensi:z/ n. pl.  1  blood and other materials discharged from the uterus at menstruation 月经；行经；月经来潮 2  the time of menstruation 月经期 [Latin, pl. of mensis ‘month’]

Menshevik /ˈmenʃivik/ n. hist.  a member of the non-Leninist wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (cf. 参见 BOLSHEVIK) [史义]孟什维克(俄国社会民主工党内反对列宁建党路线的少数派成员) [Russian Men'shevik ‘a member of the minority’ from men'she ‘less’]

mens rea /menz ˈri:ə/ n.  criminal intent; the knowledge of wrongdoing 犯意；犯罪意图 [Latin, = guilty mind]

menstrual /ˈmenstrʊəl/ adj.  of or relating to the menses or menstruation (有关)月经的；(有关)行经期的 [Middle English from Latin menstrualis, from mensis ‘month’]

menstrual cycle n.  the process of ovulation and menstruation in female primates 月经周期

menstruate /ˈmenstrʊeit/ v. intr.  undergo menstruation 行经；月经来潮 [Late Latin menstruare menstruat- (as MENSTRUAL)]

menstruation /menstrʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus in sexually mature non-pregnant women at intervals of about one lunar month until the menopause 行经；月经来潮；月经；月经期

menstruous /ˈmenstrʊəs/ adj.  1  of or relating to the menses (有关)行经的；(有关)月经来潮的 2  menstruating 月经的 [Middle English from Old French menstrueus or Late Latin menstruosus (as MENSTRUAL)]

menstruum /ˈmenstrʊəm/ n. (pl. menstrua /-strʊə/) archaic  a solvent [古义]溶剂，溶媒 [Middle English from Latin, neut. of menstruus ‘monthly’ from mensis ‘month’, from the alchemical parallel between transmutation into gold and the supposed action of menses on the ovum]

mensurable /ˈmenʃ(ə)rəb(ə)l, -sjə-/ adj.  1  measurable, having fixed limits 可测量的；有固定范围的 2 Mus. 【音】  = MENSURAL 2  [French mensurable or Late Latin mensurabilis, from mensurare ‘to measure’, from Latin mensura MEASURE]

mensural /ˈmenʃ(ə)r(ə)l, -sjə-/ adj.  1  of or involving measure (有关)度量的 2 Mus.  of or involving a fixed rhythm or notes of definite duration (cf. 参见 PLAINSONG) 【音】(有关)有定律的；(有关)规定时值音符的，有量的 [Latin mensuralis from mensura MEASURE]

mensuration /menʃəˈreiʃ(ə)n, -sjə-/ n.  1  measuring 测量；测量术；测量法 2 Math.  the measuring of geometric magnitudes such as the lengths of lines, areas of surfaces, and volumes of solids 【数】求积分法 [Late Latin mensuratio (as MENSURABLE)]

menswear /ˈmenzwɛə/ n.  clothes for men (总称)男服

-ment /m(ə)nt/ suffix  1  forming nouns expressing the means or result of the action of a verb (abridgement 节略 ; embankment 堤岸) 构成名词，表示动词动作的方式或结果 2  forming nouns from adjectives (merriment 欢乐 ; oddment 残剩物) 由形容词构成名词 [from or suggested by French, from Latin -mentum]

mental /ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or in the mind (在)精神上的；(在)思想上的 2  done by the mind 脑力的；用脑力的 3 colloq. [口]  a  insane 发疯的b  mad, crazy, angry, fanatical 疯狂的；对…极度热心的；愤怒的；狂热的  is mental about pop music  酷爱流行音乐 4 (作 attrib.)  of or relating to disorders or illnesses of the mind (有关)精神病的  mental hospital  精神病医院 □ mentally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French or Late Latin mentalis from Latin mens mentis ‘mind’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 4, psychiatric is now often preferred to mental as it is regarded as a less stigmatizing term. 用于释义 4 时，现在常用 psychiatric 而不用 mental, 因为 psychiatric 较少贬义。 

mental age n.  the degree of a person's mental development expressed as an age at which the same degree is attained by an average person 智力年龄；心理年龄

mental arithmetic n.  arithmetic performed in the mind 心算

mental block n.  a particular mental inability due to subconscious emotional factors (由于下意识的感情因素引起的)心理阻隔

mental cruelty n.  the infliction of suffering on another's mind, esp. Law as grounds for divorce 精神虐待 ((尤)【法律】作为离婚的理由)

mental defective n. archaic or offens.  a person with a mental handicap [古义] [冒犯]心理缺陷者

mental deficiency n. archaic or offens.  the condition of having a mental handicap [古义] [冒犯]心理缺陷；精神发育不全；智力缺陷

mental handicap n.  a condition in which the intellectual capacity of a person is permanently so much lowered or underdeveloped as to prevent normal function in society 弱智；心理缺陷 □ mentally handicapped  adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 The term learning difficulties, which strictly applies to educational problems, is sometimes preferred for or by people with certain mental handicaps. learning difficulties 严格而言指教育中的问题，有时指弱智者。 

mental illness n.  a condition which causes serious abnormality or disorder in a person's behaviour or thinking capacity, esp. irrespective of intelligence; a disorder of the mind (尤指不考虑智力的)精神病；精神疾病

mentalism /ˈment(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1 Philos.  the theory that physical and psychological phenomena are ultimately only explicable in terms of a creative and interpretative mind 【哲】精神第一性论 2 Psychol.  the primitive tendency to personify in spirit form the forces of nature, or endow inert objects with the quality of ‘soul’ 【心】心灵主义 □ mentalist  n.  □ mentalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

mentality /menˈtæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  mental character or disposition 心性；心态 2  kind or degree of intelligence 智力；智能 3  what is in or of the mind 心理；意识；思想

mental nurse n. Brit. [英]  = PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 

mental patient n.  = PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT 

mental reservation n.  a qualification tacitly added in making a statement etc. (陈述等中的)内心保留

mentation /menˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  mental action 思考 2  state of mind 心境 [Latin mens mentis ‘mind’]

menthol /ˈmenθɒl, -θ(ə)l/ n.  a mint-tasting organic alcohol found in oil of peppermint etc., used as a flavouring and to relieve local pain (薄荷油等中所含的)薄荷醇 [German, from Latin mentha MINT1]

mentholated /ˈmenθəleitid/ adj.  treated with or containing menthol 用薄荷醇处理的；含薄荷醇的

mention /ˈmenʃ(ə)n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  refer to briefly 提到；谈到 2  specify by name 说起(某人) 3  reveal or disclose 透露；泄露  do not mention this to anyone  不要对任何人讲起这件事 4 Brit. (in dispatches) award (a person) a minor honour for meritorious, usu. gallant, military service [英] (战报中)传令嘉奖(某人)；提名表扬 ●n.  1  a reference, esp. by name, to a person or thing 提及；说起(尤指姓名、人或事) 2 Brit. (in dispatches) a military honour awarded for outstanding conduct [英] (战报中)传令嘉奖；提名表扬 □ don't mention it   said in polite dismissal of an apology or thanks 不用客气；不用谢；没关系；不用介意□ make mention (or no mention) of   refer (or not refer) to 提到；说到(不提；不谈)□ not to mention   introducing a fact or thing of secondary or (as a rhetorical device) of primary importance 不用说；更不必说□ mentionable  adj.   [Old French from Latin mentio -onis, from the root of mens ‘mind’]

mentor /ˈmentɔ:/ n.  an experienced and trusted adviser 贤明顾问 [French, via Latin from Greek Mentōr, the name of the adviser of the young Telemachus in Homer's Odyssey and Fénelon's Télémaque]

menu /ˈmenju:/ n.  1  a  a list of dishes available in a restaurant etc. (饭店等的)菜单b  a list of items to be served at a meal 饭菜；菜肴 2 Computing  a list of options usu. displayed on-screen showing the commands or facilities available 【计算】(通常在屏幕上显示的)功能选择单 [French, = detailed list (menu ‘small’, used as a noun), from Latin minutus MINUTE2]

menu-driven adj. (of a program or computer) used by making selections from menus (程序、计算机)从菜单中挑选功能的

meow var.  of MIAOW  MIAOW 的变体

MEP abbr.  Member of the European Parliament [缩略]欧洲议会议员

mepacrine /ˈmepəkrin, -i:n/ n. Brit.  quinacrine [英]麦帕克林，阿的平(抗疟药) [methyl + paludism (malaria) + acridine]

meperidine /meˈperidi:n/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = PETHIDINE  [METHYL + PIPERIDINE]

Mephistopheles /mefiˈstɒfili:z/ n.  an evil spirit to whom Faust, in the German legend, sold his soul 靡菲斯特(德国传说中的恶魔) □ Mephistophelean  /-ˈfi:liən, -ˈli:ən/ adj. (also 亦作 Mephistophelian)  

mephitis /miˈfaitis/ n.  1  a noxious emanation, esp. from the earth (尤指从地下发出的)臭气 2  a foul-smelling or poisonous stench 恶臭；毒气 □ mephitic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.   [Latin]

-mer /mə/ comb. form  denoting a compound or molecule of a specified class, esp. a polymer (dimer 二聚物 ; isomer 异构体 ; tautomer 互变体) [构词成分]表示一个化合物或特殊门类的分子，如聚合物；基体 [Greek meros ‘part, share’]

meranti /məˈrænti/ n.  a white, red, or yellow hardwood timber from a Malaysian or Indonesian tree of the genus Shorea 娑罗双树属植物(产自马来西亚或印度尼西亚) [Malay]

mercantile /ˈmɜ:k(ə)ntail/ adj.  1  of trade, trading 贸易的；商业的 2  commercial 从商的；经商的 3  mercenary; fond of bargaining 以钱为目的的；喜欢讨价还价的 [French from Italian, from mercante MERCHANT]

mercantile marine n.  shipping employed in commerce not war 商船队

mercantilism /ˈmɜ:k(ə)ntiliz(ə)m/ n.  an old economic theory that money is the only form of wealth 重商主义 □ mercantilist  n.  

mercaptan /mɜ:kæpt(ə)n/ n.  = THIOL  [modern Latin mercurium captans ‘capturing mercury’]

Mercator projection /mɜ:ˈkeitə/ n. (also 亦作 Mercator's projection)  a projection of a map of the world on to a cylinder so that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, first published in 1569 and used esp. for marine charts and certain climatological maps 墨卡托投影(尤用于航海图及某种气候图) [Mercator, Latinized name of G. Kremer, Flemish-born geographer d. 1594]

mercenary /ˈmɜ:sin(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  primarily concerned with money or other reward 以金钱为目的的；惟利是图的；贪财的  mercenary motives  惟利是图的动机 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hired soldier in foreign service 外国雇佣兵 2  a person available for paid hire 受雇佣者  cricket mercenaries playing abroad  在海外受雇打球的板球手 □ mercenariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin mercenarius, from merces -edis ‘reward’]

mercer /ˈmɜ:sə/ n. Brit.  a dealer in textile fabrics, esp. silk and other costly materials [英] (尤指从事丝绸等的)绸布商人 □ mercery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English from Anglo-French mercer, Old French mercier, ultimately from Latin merx mercis ‘goods’]

mercerize /ˈmɜ:səraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat (cotton fabric or thread) under tension with caustic alkali to give greater strength and impart lustre 将(棉布或棉纱)作(碱化、丝光)处理 [named after J. Mercer d. 1866, alleged inventor of the process]

merchandise /ˈmɜ:tʃ(ə)ndaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  goods for sale 商品；货物 ●v.  1 intr.  trade, traffic 做买卖；经商 2 tr.  trade or traffic in 买卖；经营；推销 3 tr.  a  put on the market, promote the sale of (goods etc.) 促销(商品等)b  advertise or publicize (an idea or person) 宣传；宣扬(思想、人) □ merchandisable  adj.  □ merchandiser  n.   [Middle English from Old French marchandise, from marchand: see MERCHANT]

merchant /ˈmɜ:tʃ(ə)nt/ n.  1  a wholesale trader, esp. Brit. with foreign countries 批发商；[尤英]外贸批发商 2 esp. US & Sc. [尤美和苏格兰]  a retail trader or in comb. 零售商；用于复合词  wine merchant  葡萄酒商 3 colloq. usu. derog.  a person showing a partiality for a specified activity or practice [口] [通常贬]偏爱者；热中者；入迷的人  speed merchant  爱飙车的人 [Middle English from Old French marchand, marchant, ultimately via Latin mercari ‘trade’ from merx mercis ‘merchandise’]

merchantable /ˈmɜ:tʃ(ə)ntəb(ə)l/ adj.  saleable, marketable 适销的；有销路的 [Middle English from the verb merchant from Old French marchander from marchand: see MERCHANT]

merchant bank n. esp. Brit.  a bank dealing in commercial loans and finance [尤英]商业银行 □ merchant banker  n.  

merchantman /ˈmɜ:tʃ(ə)ntmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a ship conveying merchandise 商船

merchant marine n. US [美]  = MERCHANT NAVY 

merchant navy n. Brit.  a nation's commercial shipping [英]商船队

merchant prince n.  a wealthy merchant 巨贾；豪商

merchant ship n.  = MERCHANTMAN 

merciful /ˈmɜ:sifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  having or showing or feeling mercy 宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的 □ mercifulness  n.  

mercifully /ˈmɜ:sifʊli, -f(ə)li/ adv.  1  in a merciful manner 宽大地；慈悲地；仁慈地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence) fortunately (修饰全句)幸运地  mercifully, the sun came out  非常幸运，太阳出来了

merciless /ˈmɜ:silis/ adj.  1  pitiless 无怜悯心的 2  showing no mercy 不宽容的；不仁慈的 □ mercilessly  adv.  □ mercilessness  n.  

mercurial /mɜ:ˈkjʊəriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person) sprightly, ready-witted, volatile (人)活泼的；机智的；灵活的 2  of or containing mercury 水银的；含水银的 3 (作 Mercurial)  of the planet Mercury 水星的 ●n.  a drug containing mercury 汞制剂 □ mercuriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ mercurially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French mercuriel or Latin mercurialis (as MERCURY)]

mercury /ˈmɜ:kjʊri/ n.  1 Chem.  a silvery-white heavy liquid metallic element occurring naturally in cinnabar and used in barometers, thermometers, and amalgams (symbol 符 Hg) also called 亦称作 quicksilver 【化】(化学元素)汞；水银 2 (作 Mercury)  the planet nearest to the sun 水星 3  any plant of the genus Mercurialis, esp. M. perenne 山靛属植物(尤指多年生狗山靛) □ mercuric  /-ˈkjʊərik/ adj.  □ mercurous  adj.   [Middle English from Latin Mercurius, the name of the messenger of the gods and the god of traders, from merx mercis ‘merchandise’]

mercury vapour lamp n.  a lamp in which light is produced by an electric discharge through mercury vapour 水银灯；汞气灯

mercy /ˈmɜ:si/ n. & int. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  compassion or forbearance shown to enemies or offenders in one's power 仁慈；宽恕；宽容 2  the quality of compassion 仁慈性；宽恕性 3  an act of mercy 善行；善举；仁慈行为 4 (作 attrib.)  administered or performed out of mercy or pity for a suffering person 同情；解脱  mercy killing  安乐死 5  something to be thankful for 恩惠；幸运  small mercies  小恩小惠 ●int.  expressing surprise or fear 哎呀；天哪 □ at the mercy of   1  wholly in the power of 任凭…摆布 2  liable to danger or harm from 完全受…的支配□ have mercy on (or upon)   show mercy to 可怜…；怜悯… [Middle English via Old French merci from Latin merces -edis ‘reward’, in Late Latin ‘pity, thanks’]

mercy flight n. Brit.  the transporting by air of an injured or sick person from a remote area to a hospital [英]急救飞行(用飞机将病人由边远地区送到医院)

mere1 /miə/ attrib. adj. (merest)  that is solely or no more or better than what is specified 仅仅的；只不过的  a mere boy  不过是个孩子 no mere theory  不只是理论 □ merely  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French meer, Old French mier from Latin merus ‘unmixed’]

mere2 /miə/ n. archaic or poet.  a lake or pond [古义] [诗]湖；池塘 [Old English from Germanic]

mere3 /ˈmeri/ n.  a Maori war club, esp. one made of greenstone 棍棒(尤指毛利人用绿岩制作的兵器) [Maori]

mere right n. Law  a right in theory 【法律】名义权利

meretricious /meriˈtriʃəs/ adj.  1 (of decorations, literary style, etc.) showily but falsely attractive (装饰、文体等)华而不实的；俗艳的 2  of or befitting a prostitute 娼妓的；适合娼妓的 □ meretriciously  adv.  □ meretriciousness  n.   [Latin meretricius via meretrix -tricis ‘prostitute’ from merēri ‘be hired’]

merganser /mɜ:ˈɡænzə, -s-/ n.  any of various diving fish-eating northern ducks of the genus Mergus, with a long narrow serrated hooked bill (cf. 参见 GOOSANDER) Also called 亦称作 sawbill 秋沙鸭 [modern Latin, from Latin mergus ‘diver’ (from mergere ‘dive’) + anser ‘goose’]

merge /mɜ:dʒ/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  combine or be combined (使)合并b  join or blend gradually (使)融合 2 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  lose or cause to lose character and identity in (something else) (使)逐渐消失在(其他事物)中 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  embody (a title or estate) in (a larger one) 囊括；合为一体；使(权利、地产)融合在(更大的权利或地产)中 □ mergence  n.   [earlier = immerse (oneself): Latin mergere mers- ‘dip, plunge’, partly through legal Anglo-French merger]

merger /ˈmɜ:dʒə/ n.  1  the combining of two commercial companies etc. into one (两家贸易公司等的)合并 2  a merging, esp. of one estate in another (尤指地产)结合 3 Law  the absorbing of a minor offence in a greater one 【法律】吸收(重罪吸收轻罪) [Anglo-French (as MERGE)]

meridian /məˈridiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a circle passing through the celestial poles and the zenith of a given place on the earth's surface 子午圈(线) 2  a  a circle of constant longitude, passing through a given place and the terrestrial poles 子午圈b  the corresponding line on a map (地图上的)经线，子午线 3 archaic  the point at which a sun or star attains its highest altitude [古义] (太阳或星体到达的)最高点 4  prime; full splendour 顶点；鼎盛；全盛期 ●adj.  1  of noon 正午的 2  of the period of greatest splendour, vigour, etc. (光彩、精力等)全盛期的 [Middle English via Old French meridien or Latin meridianus (adj.) from meridies ‘midday’, from medius ‘middle’ + dies ‘day’]

meridian circle n. Astron.  a telescope mounted so as to move only on a north-south line, for observing the transit of celestial objects across the meridan Also called 亦称作 transit-circle 【天】子午环

meridional /məˈridiən(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or in the south (esp. of Europe) 南方的；(尤指)欧洲南部的 2  of or relating to a meridian (有关)子午线的；(有关)经线的 ●n.  an inhabitant of the south (esp. of France) (尤指法国)南部居民 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin meridionalis, formed irregularly from Latin meridies: see MERIDIAN]

meringue /məˈræŋ/ n.  1  a confection of sugar, the white of eggs, etc., baked crisp (由糖、蛋白等调和后烘烤的)薄脆 2  a small cake or shell of this, usu. decorated or filled with whipped cream etc. (通常用掼奶油等装饰或装填的)蛋白糕；蛋白筒 [French, of unknown origin]

merino /məˈri:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (in full 全称 merino sheep)  a variety of sheep with long fine wool 美利奴羊 2  a soft woollen or wool-and-cotton material like cashmere, originally of merino wool 美利奴羊毛(纱) 3  a fine woollen yarn 美利奴精纺毛纱 [Spanish, of uncertain origin]

meristem /ˈmeristem/ n. Bot.  a plant tissue consisting of actively dividing cells forming new tissue 【植】分生组织 □ meristematic  /-stəˈmætik/ adj.   [Greek meristos ‘divisible’, via merizō ‘divide’ from meros ‘part’: -em on the pattern of xylem]

merit /ˈmerit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the quality of deserving well 长处 2  excellence, worth 优点；价值 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a thing that entitles one to reward or gratitude 功劳；功绩b esp. Law  intrinsic rights and wrongs (尤)【法律】是非曲直  the merits of a case  案子的是非曲直 4 Theol.  good deeds as entitling to a future reward 【神】功德，积德 ●v. tr. (merited, meriting)  deserve or be worthy of (reward, punishment, consideration, etc.) 值得；应得(奖励、惩罚、补偿等) □ make a merit of   regard or represent (one's own conduct) as praiseworthy 以…功劳自居；以(某人自己的操行)自夸□ on its merits   with regard only to its intrinsic worth 根据本身的品质(价值) [Middle English via Old French merite from Latin meritum ‘price, value’, past part. of merēri ‘earn, deserve’, used as a noun]

meritocracy /meriˈtɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  government by persons selected competitively according to merit 精英领导；精英管理 2  a group of persons selected in this way 精英班子 3  a society governed by meritocracy 精英领导的社会 □ meritocratic  /-təˈkrætik/ adj.  

meritorious /meriˈtɔ:riəs/ adj. (of a person or act) having merit; deserving reward, praise, or gratitude (人或行为)值得赞许的；值得奖励的；值得表扬的；值得感谢的 □ meritoriously  adv.  □ meritoriousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin meritorius, from merēri merit- ‘earn’]

merle /mɜ:l/ n. Sc. or archaic  a blackbird [苏格兰古义]黑鸟；乌鸫 [Middle English via French from Latin merula]

merlin /ˈmɜ:lin/ n.  a small European or N. American falcon, Falco columbarius, that hunts small birds (欧洲或北美的)灰背隼 [Middle English via Anglo-French merilun from Old French esmerillon, augmentative of esmeril, from Frankish]

merlon /ˈmɜ:lən/ n.  the solid part of an embattled parapet between two embrasures 城齿 [French from Italian merlone, from merlo ‘battlement’]

Merlot /ˈmɜ:ləʊ, -lɒt/ n.  1  a variety of black grape used in wine-making (酿酒用的)墨尔乐葡萄 2  the vine on which this grape grows 墨尔乐葡萄藤 3  a red wine made from Merlot grapes 墨尔乐红葡萄酒

mermaid /ˈmɜ:meid/ n.  an imaginary half-human sea creature, with the head and trunk of a woman and the tail of a fish 美人鱼 [Middle English, from MERE2 (in obsolete sense ‘sea’) + MAID]

mermaid's purse n.  the horny egg-case of a skate, ray, or shark; a sea purse 海袋(鳐、魟、鲨鱼等的卵囊)

merman /ˈmɜ:mæn/ n. (pl. -men)  the male equivalent of a mermaid 男性人鱼

mero- /ˈmerəʊ/ comb. form  partly, partial [构词成分]部分；部分的 [Greek meros ‘part’]

-merous /mərəs/ comb. form esp. Bot.  having so many parts (dimerous 2 基数的 ; 5-merous 5 基数的) [构词成分] (尤)【植】有许多部分的 [Greek (as MERO-)]

Merovingian /merəˈvin(d)ʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Frankish dynasty founded by Clovis and reigning in Gaul and Germany c. 500 － 750 (法兰克王国)墨洛温王朝的 ●n.  a member of this dynasty 墨洛温王朝成员 [French mérovingien via medieval Latin Merovingi from Latin Meroveus, the name of the reputed founder]

merriment /ˈmerim(ə)nt/ n.  1  exuberant enjoyment; being merry 欢天喜地；兴高采烈 2  mirth, fun 欢乐；高兴

merry /ˈmeri/ adj. (merrier, merriest)  1  a  joyous 愉快的；高兴的b  full of laughter or gaiety 兴高采烈的 2 Brit. colloq.  slightly drunk [英口]微醺的 □ make merry   1  be festive; enjoy oneself 尽情欢乐；寻欢作乐 2 (foll. by 后跟 over)  make fun of 嘲笑；嘲弄□ play merry hell with   see 见 HELL □ merrily  adv.  □ merriness  n.   [Old English myrige, from Germanic]

merry andrew n. hist.  a mountebank's assistant; a clown or buffoon [史义]江湖骗子的助手；小丑；丑角

merry-go-round /ˈmeriɡə(ʊ)raʊnd/ n.  1  a revolving machine with wooden horses or cars for riding on at a fair etc. (在游乐场等供骑坐的)旋转木马 2  a cycle of bustling activities 一连串的繁忙活动

merrymaking /ˈmerimeikiŋ/ n.  revelling, fun 尽情欢乐；寻欢作乐 □ merrymaker  n.  

merry thought n. esp. Brit.  the wishbone of a bird [尤英] (鸟的)叉骨；如愿骨

Mervyn /ˈmɜ:vin/   默文 [人名]

mesa /ˈmeisə/ n.  an isolated flat-topped hill with steep sides, found in landscapes with horizontal strata 平顶山 [Spanish, literally ‘table’, from Latin mensa]

mescal /ˈmeskæl, meˈskæl/ n.  1  a  maguey 龙舌兰b  liquor obtained from this 龙舌兰酒 2  a peyote cactus 佩奥特仙人掌 [Spanish mezcal from Nahuatl mexcalli]

mescal buttons n. pl.  disc-shaped dried tops from the peyote cactus, eaten or chewed as an intoxicant 佩奥特仙人球花(花似钮扣)

mescaline /ˈmeskəli:n/ n. (also 亦作 mescalin /-lin/)  a hallucinogenic alkaloid present in mescal buttons 墨斯卡灵；仙人球毒碱

Mesdames pl.  of MADAME  

Mesdemoiselles pl.  of MADEMOISELLE  

mesembryanthemum /miˌzembriˈænθiməm/ n.  any of various succulent plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum of S. Africa, having brightly coloured daisy-like flowers that fully open in sunlight (南非)日中花；松叶菊 [modern Latin, from Greek mesēmbria ‘noon’ + anthemon ‘flower’]

mesencephalon /mesenˈsef(ə)lɒn, mi:z-, -ˈkef-/ n. Anat. 【解】  = MIDBRAIN  [Greek mesos ‘middle’ + ENCEPHALON]

mesentery /ˈmes(ə)nt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a double layer of peritoneum attaching the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other abdominal organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen 肠系膜；隔膜 □ mesenteric  /-ˈterik/ adj.  □ mesenteritis  /-ˈraitis/ n.   [medieval Latin mesenterium from Greek mesenterion (as MESO-, enteron ‘intestine’)]

mesh /meʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a network fabric or structure 网状物；网状结构 2  each of the open spaces or interstices between the strands of a net or sieve etc. (网或筛等的)网孔；筛孔 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a network 网络b  a snare 罗网 4 (in pl. 用复数) Physiol.  an interlaced structure 【生理】网状组织 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of the teeth of a wheel) be engaged (with others) (齿轮的齿) (相互间)相啮合 2 intr.  be harmonious 相互协调 3 tr.  catch in or as in a net (似)用网捕捉 □ in mesh  (of the teeth of wheels) engaged (齿轮的齿)互相咬合 [earlier meish etc. from Middle Dutch maesche, from Germanic]

mesial /ˈmi:ziəl, ˈmesiəl/ adj. Anat.  of, in, or directed towards the middle line of a body 【解】(位于)正中的；向正中的 □ mesially  adv.   [formed irregularly from Greek mesos ‘middle’]

mesmerism /ˈmezməriz(ə)m/ n.  1 Psychol 【心】  a  a hypnotic state produced in a person by another's influence over the will and nervous system 催眠状态b  a doctrine concerning this 催眠术c  an influence or process producing this 催眠 2  fascination 使人沉迷的魅力 □ mesmeric  /mezˈmerik/ adj.  □ mesmerically  /-ˈmerik(ə)li/ adv.  □ mesmerist  n.   [named after F. A. Mesmer, Austrian physician d. 1815]

mesmerize /ˈmezməraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 Psychol.  hypnotize; exercise mesmerism on 【心】使进入催眠状态；对…催眠 2  fascinate, spellbind 迷住；迷惑 □ mesmerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mesmerizer  n.  □ mesmerizingly  adv.  

mesne /mi:n/ adj. Law  intermediate 【法律】中间的 [Middle English from legal French, variant of Anglo-French meen, MEAN3: cf. DEMESNE]

mesne lord n. hist.  a lord holding an estate from a superior feudal lord [史义]中间领主

mesne process n.  proceedings in a suit intervening between a primary and final process (诉讼的)中间程序

mesne profits n. pl.  profits received from an estate by a tenant between two dates 中间收益

meso- /ˈmesəʊ, ˈmezəʊ, ˈmi:səʊ, ˈmi:zəʊ/ comb. form  middle, intermediate [构词成分]中的；中间的 [Greek mesos ‘middle’]

mesoblast /ˈmesə(ʊ)blæst, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n. Biol.  the middle germ layer of an embryo 【生】中胚层

mesocephalic /ˌmesə(ʊ)siˈfælik, ˌmez-, ˌmi:s-, ˌmi:z-, -keˈfælik/ adj.  having a medium-sized head, not especially broad or narrow 中型头的 [MESO- + -CEPHALIC]

mesoderm /ˈmesə(ʊ)dɜ:m, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n. Zool.  the middle layer of an embryo in early development 【动】(早期发育的)中胚层 □ mesodermal  /mesə(ʊ)ˈdɜ:m(ə)l, mez-, mi:s-, mi:z-/ adj.   [MESO- + Greek derma ‘skin’]

mesolithic /mesə(ʊ)ˈliθik, mez-, mi:s-, mi:z-/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the middle phase of the Stone Age, lasting from the end of the last ice age to the start of agriculture (有关)中石器时代的 ●n.  the mesolithic period 中石器时代 [MESO- + Greek lithos ‘stone’]

mesomorph /ˈmesə(ʊ)mɔ:f, ˈmez-, mi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n.  a person with a compact and muscular build of body (cf. 参见 ECTOMORPH, ENDOMORPH) 体育型体质者 □ mesomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [MESO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

meson /ˈmi:zɒn, ˈmezɒn/ n. Physics  any of a class of subatomic particles believed to participate in the forces that hold nucleons together in the atomic nucleus 【物理学】介子(可使原子核中的核子聚集在一起的亚原子粒子) □ mesic  /ˈmi:zik, ˈmez-/ adj.  □ mesonic  /miˈzɒnik/ adj.   [as MESO-, -ON]

mesopause /ˈmesə(ʊ)pɔ:z, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n.  the boundary in the atmosphere between the mesosphere and the thermosphere, at which the temperature stops decreasing with increasing height and begins to increase 中间层顶

mesophyll /ˈmesə(ʊ)fil, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n. Bot.  the inner tissue of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts 【植】叶肉 [MESO- + Greek phullon ‘leaf’]

mesophyte /ˈmesə(ʊ)fait, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n.  a plant needing only a moderate amount of water (生长只需中等水量的)中生植物

mesosphere /ˈmesə(ʊ)sfiə, ˈmez-, ˈmi:s-, ˈmi:z-/ n.  the region of the atmosphere extending about 80 km from the top of the stratosphere 中间层

Mesozoic /mesə(ʊ)ˈzəʊik, mez-, mi:s-, mi:z-/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to an era of geological time marked by the development of dinosaurs, and with evidence of the first mammals, birds, and flowering plants (有关)中生代的 ●n.  this era (cf. 参见 CENOZOIC, PALAEOZOIC) 中生代 [MESO- + Greek zōion ‘animal’]

mesquite /ˈmeski:t, meˈski:t/ n. (also 亦作 mesquit)  any N. American leguminous tree of the genus Prosopis, esp. P. glandulosa (北美)牧豆树(尤指腺牧豆树) [Mexican Spanish mezquite]

mesquite bean n.  a pod from the mesquite, used as fodder 牧豆(用作饲料)

mess /mes/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dirty or untidy state of things 脏乱状态  the room is a mess  屋子脏乱不堪 2  a state of confusion, embarrassment, or trouble 混乱局面，尴尬处境 3  something causing a mess, e.g. spilt liquid etc. 污秽之物(尤指溅出的液体) 4  a domestic animal's excreta 家畜的粪便 5  a  a company of persons who take meals together, esp. in the armed forces (尤指军队中)吃集体伙食者b  a place where such meals or recreation take place communally 食堂；餐室c  a meal taken there (集体用餐的)膳食 6 derog.  a disagreeable concoction or medley [贬]混合食物；味道不好的调制品 7  a  a portion of liquid or pulpy food 一份流食(或半流食)b Brit.  a liquid or mixed food for hounds etc. [英] (猎狗等吃的)流质；混合食物 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  make a mess of; dirty 弄脏；弄乱b  muddle; make into a state of confusion 使混乱；使一塌糊涂 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  interfere with 干扰 3 intr.  take one's meals 用餐 4 intr. & tr. colloq.  defecate or soil by defecating [口]排便；用粪便弄脏 □ make a mess of   bungle (an undertaking) 弄糟(企业)□ mess about (or around)   1  act desultorily 磨洋工；闲荡 2 colloq.  make things awkward for; cause arbitrary inconvenience to (a person) [口]瞎弄；烦扰(某人) [Middle English via Old French mes ‘portion of food’ from Late Latin missus ‘course at dinner’, past part. of mittere ‘send’]

message /ˈmesidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an oral or written communication sent by one person to another (口头或书面的)消息；信息 2  an inspired or significant communication from a prophet, writer, or preacher 预言；教训；启示 3  a mission or errand 差事；使命 4 (in pl. 用复数) Sc. & N. Engl.  things bought; shopping [苏格兰和英格兰北部]所购物；购物 ●v. tr.  1  send as a message 送信；传递信息 2  transmit (a plan etc.) by signalling etc. (用信号等)传发(计划等) □ get the message  colloq.  understand what is meant [口]领会；明白 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin mittere miss- ‘send’]

message stick n. Austral.  a stick carved with significant marks, carried as identification by Aboriginal messengers [澳]信息棒

Messeigneurs pl.  of MONSEIGNEUR  

messenger /ˈmesin(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a person who carries a message 送信人；报信儿者 2  a person employed to carry messages 通信员；信使 [Middle English & Old French messager (as MESSAGE): -n- as in harbinger, passenger, etc.]

messenger RNA n.  the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome (abbr. 缩略 : mRNA) 信使核糖核酸

mess hall n.  a military dining area 军队食堂

Messiah /miˈsaiə/ n.  1  a liberator or would-be liberator of an oppressed people or country (被压迫人民及国家的)解放者；未来的救星 2  a  the promised deliverer of the Jews (犹太人期盼的)救世主弥塞亚b (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  Christ regarded as this 救世主耶稣 □ Messiahship  n.   [Middle English from Old French Messie, ultimately from Hebrew mɑˉšīaḥ ‘anointed’]

Messianic /mesiˈænik/ adj.  1  of the Messiah 弥塞亚的 2  inspired by hope or belief in a Messiah (对弥塞亚)期待(或信念)的 □ Messianism  /miˈsaiəniz(ə)m/ n.   [French messianique (as MESSIAH), on the pattern of rabbinique ‘rabbinical’]

Messieurs pl.  of MONSIEUR  

mess jacket n. Mil.  a short close-fitting coat worn at the mess 【军】军人晚餐时穿的短上衣

mess kit n.  a soldier's cooking and eating utensils 野战炊具，野战餐具

messmate /ˈmesmeit/ n.  a person with whom one regularly takes meals, esp. in the armed forces (尤指军队中的)用餐伙伴

mess of pottage n.  a material comfort etc. for which something higher is sacrificed 付出巨大代价所得到的物质享受；眼前小利 [with reference to the story of how Jacob tricks his brother Esau into exchanging his birthright for a helping of food (Gen. 25:29 － 34)]

Messrs /ˈmesəz/ pl.  of MR   [abbreviation of MESSIEURS]

mess tin n.  a small container as part of a mess kit 军用饭盒

messuage /ˈmeswidʒ/ n. Law  a dwelling house with outbuildings and land assigned to its use 【法律】住房及其宅基 [Middle English from Anglo-French: perhaps an alternative form of mesnage ‘dwelling’]

messy /ˈmesi/ adj. (messier, messiest)  1  untidy or dirty 邋遢的；肮脏的 2  causing or accompanied by a mess 造成脏乱的；凌乱的 3  difficult to deal with; full of awkward complications 棘手的；难办的；使人为难的 □ messily  adv.  □ messiness  n.  

mestizo /meˈsti:zəʊ/ n. (pl. -os; fem. mestiza /-zə/, pl. -as)  a Spaniard or Portuguese of mixed race, esp. the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian 梅斯蒂索混血儿(尤指西班牙人与北美印第安人后裔) [Spanish, ultimately from Latin mixtus, past part. of miscēre ‘mix’]

met1 past and past part.  of MEET1 

met2 /met/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  meteorological 气象的 2  metropolitan 大都市的 3 (作 the Met)  a (in full 全称 the Met Office) (in the UK) the Meteorological Office (英国)国家气象局b  the Metropolitan Police in London 伦敦警察局c  the Metropolitan Opera House in New York 纽约大都市歌剧院 [abbreviation]

meta- /ˈmetə/ comb. form [构词成分] (usu. met- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前通常作 met-)  1  denoting change of position or condition (metabolism 新陈代谢) 表示“变化”；“变位”；“改变” 2  denoting position 表示“位置” :a  behind 位于…之后b  after or beyond (metaphysics 形而上学 ; metacarpus 掌) 继…之后；超出c  of a higher or second-order kind (metalanguage 元语言) 元；次 3 Chem. 【化】  a  relating to two carbon atoms separated by one other in a benzene ring 介；间(位)b  relating to a compound formed by dehydration (metaphosphate 偏磷酸盐) 偏 [Greek meta-, met-, meth- from meta ‘with, after’]

metabolism /miˈtæbəliz(ə)m/ n.  all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism, resulting in energy production (destructive metabolism 分解代谢) and growth (constructive metabolism 合成代谢) 新陈代谢(作用) □ metabolic  /metəˈbɒlik/ adj.  □ metabolically  /metəˈbɒlik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek metabolē ‘change’ (as META-, bolē from ballō ‘throw’)]

metabolite /miˈtæbəlait/ n. Physiol.  a substance formed in or necessary for metabolism 【生理】代谢物

metabolize /miˈtæbəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  process or be processed by metabolism (使)新陈代谢 □ metabolizable  adj.  

metacarpus /metəˈkɑ:pəs/ n. (pl. metacarpi /-pai, -pi:/)  1  the set of five bones of the hand that connects the wrist to the fingers 掌骨 2  this part of the hand 掌 □ metacarpal  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek metakarpon (as META-, CARPUS)]

metacentre /ˈmetəsentə/ n. (US [美] metacenter)  the point of intersection between a line (vertical in equilibrium) through the centre of gravity of a floating body and a vertical line through the centre of pressure after a slight angular displacement, which must be above the centre of gravity to ensure stability 定倾中心 □ metacentric  /-ˈsentrik/ adj.   [French métacentre (as META-, CENTRE)]

metage /ˈmi:tidʒ/ n.  1  the official measuring of a load of coal etc. (煤等)容量的官方计量 2  the duty paid for this 计量费 [METE1 + -AGE]

metagenesis /metəˈdʒenisis/ n.  the alternation of generations between sexual and asexual reproduction 世代交替 □ metagenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.   [modern Latin (as META-, GENESIS)]

metal /ˈmet(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of a class of substances (including many chemical elements) which are in general lustrous, malleable, fusible, ductile solids and good conductors of heat and electricity, e.g. gold, silver, iron, brass, steel (包含许多化学元素的)金属(如金、银、铁、铜、钢)b  material of this kind 金属材料 2  material used for making glass, in a molten state 玻璃液，熔融状态的玻璃 3 Heraldry  gold or silver as tincture 【纹章学】金色；银色 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the rails of a railway line (铁路)钢轨 5  = ROAD METAL  ●adj.  made of metal 金属制的 ●v. tr. (metalled, metalling; US [美] metaled, metaling)  1  provide or fit with metal 用金属包；用金属装配 2 Brit.  make or mend (a road) with road metal [英]用筑路碎石筑(路)；修(路) [Middle English via Old French metal or Latin metallum from Greek metallon ‘mine’]

metalanguage /ˈmetəlæŋɡwidʒ/ n.  1  a form of language used to discuss a language 元语言；纯理语言(用于分析语言) 2  a system of propositions about propositions 元定理

metal detector n.  an electronic device giving a signal when it locates metal 金属探测器

metal fatigue n.  fatigue (see 见 FATIGUE n. 2) in metal 金属疲劳

metalinguistics /metəliŋˈɡwistiks/ n.  the branch of linguistics that deals with metalanguages 元语言学；纯理语言学 □ metalinguistic  adj.  

metallic /miˈtælik/ adj.  1  of, consisting of, or characteristic of metal or metals 金属的；含金属的；有金属特性的 2  sounding sharp and ringing, like struck metal (声音)有金属效果的；像敲金属似的 3  having the sheen or lustre of metals (光泽)像金属的 □ metallically  adv.   [Latin metallicus from Greek metallikos (as METAL)]

metalliferous /metəˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.  bearing or producing metal 含金属的；产金属的 [Latin metallifer (as METAL, -FEROUS)]

metallize /ˈmet(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also -ise; US [美] metalize)  1  render metallic 使金属化 2  coat with a thin layer of metal 用金属涂 □ metallization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

metallography /metəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  the descriptive science of the structure and properties of metals 金相学 □ metallographic  /miˌtæləˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ metallographical  /miˌtæləˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ metallographically  /miˌtæləˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

metalloid /ˈmet(ə)lɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having the form or appearance of a metal 有金属形状的；有金属外观的 ●n.  any element intermediate in properties between metals and non-metals, e.g. boron, silicon, and germanium 准金属；非金属(如硼、硅和锗)

metallurgy /miˈtælədʒi, ˈmet(ə)lɜ:dʒi/ n.  the science concerned with the production, purification, and properties of metals and their application 冶金学；冶金术 □ metallurgic  /metəˈlɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ metallurgical  /metəˈlɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ metallurgically  /metəˈlɜ:dʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ metallurgist  n.   [Greek metallon ‘metal’ + -ourgia ‘working’]

metalwork /ˈmet(ə)lwɜ:k/ n.  1  the art of working in metal 金属工艺 2  metal objects collectively 金属制品 □ metalworker  n.  □ metalworking  n. & attrib. adj.  

metamere /ˈmetəmiə/ n. Zool.  each of several similar body segments containing the same internal structures e.g. in an earthworm 【动】(如蚯蚓的)体节 [META- + Greek meros ‘part’]

metameric /metəˈmerik/ adj.  1 Chem.  having the same proportional composition and molecular weight, but different functional groups and chemical properties 【化】位变异构的 2 Zool.  of or relat-ing to metameres 【动】(有关)体节的；(有关)由体节构成的 □ metamer  /ˈmetəmə/ n.  □ metamerism  /miˈtæməriz(ə)m/ n.  

metamorphic /metəˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  1  of or marked by metamorphosis 变形的；变性的 2 Geol. (of rock) that has undergone transformation by natural agencies such as heat and pressure 【地质】(岩石)变质的 □ metamorphism  n.   [META- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

metamorphose /metəˈmɔ:fəʊz/ v. tr.  1  change in form 使变形 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, into)  a  turn (into a new form) 使变成(一种新形状)b  change the nature of 使变质 [French métamorphoser from métamorphose METAMORPHOSIS]

metamorphosis /metəˈmɔ:fəsis, metəmɔ:ˈfəʊsis/ n. (pl. metamorphoses /-si:z/)  1  a change of form (by natural or supernatural means) (因自然或超自然因素而形成的)形变 2  a changed form 变化了的形状 3  a change of character, conditions, etc. (性格、环境等的)变化 4 Zool.  the transformation between an immature form and an adult form, e.g. from a pupa to an insect, or from a tadpole to a frog 【动】变态(如由蛹变为昆虫或由蝌蚪变为青蛙) [Latin from Greek metamorphōsis, from metamorphoō ‘transform’ (as META-, morphoō from morphē ‘form’)]

metaphase /ˈmetəfeiz/ n. Biol.  the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division when the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibres 【生】(细胞核分裂的)中期

metaphor /ˈmetəfə, -fɔ:/ n.  1  a  the application of a name or descriptive term or phrase to an object or action to which it is imaginatively but not literally applicable (e.g. 如 a glaring error 显眼的错误) 隐喻；比喻b  an instance of this 比喻说法 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of or for)  a symbol of a usu. abstract thing (通常为抽象之物的)象征  the lark was a metaphor for release  云雀象征解脱 □ metaphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.  □ metaphorical  /-ˈfɒrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ metaphorically  /-ˈfɒrik(ə)li/ adv.   [French métaphore or Latin metaphora from Greek metaphora, from metapherō ‘transfer’]

metaphrase /ˈmetəfreiz/ n. & v. ●n.  literal translation 直译；逐字翻译 ●v. tr.  put into other words 翻译 □ metaphrastic  /-ˈfræstik/ adj.   [modern Latin metaphrasis from Greek, from metaphrazō ‘translate’]

metaphysic /metəˈfizik/ n.  a system of metaphysics 玄学体系

metaphysical /metəˈfizik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to metaphysics (有关)形而上学的；(有关)玄学的 2  based on abstract general reasoning 抽象的 3  excessively subtle or theoretical 过分细腻的；纯理论上的 4  incorporeal; supernatural 超感觉的；超自然的 5  visionary 想像的 6 (of certain 17th-c. English poets or their poetry) exhibiting subtlety of thought and complex imagery (17 世纪英国玄学派诗人、玄学派诗歌)深奥的 ●n. (作 the Metaphysicals)  the metaphysical poets 玄学派诗人 □ metaphysically  adv.  

metaphysics /metəˈfiziks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  the theoretical philosophy of being and knowing 形而上学 2  the philosophy of mind 玄学 3 colloq.  abstract or subtle talk; mere theory [口]抽象的空谈；空头理论 □ metaphysician  /-ˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ metaphysicize  /-ˈfizisaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English metaphysic via Old French metaphysique from medieval Latin metaphysica, ultimately from Greek ta meta ta phusika ‘the things after the Physics’, from the sequence of Aristotle's works]

metaplasia /metəˈpleiziə/ n. Physiol.  an abnormal change in the nature of a tissue 【生理】组织变形 □ metaplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [modern Latin via German Metaplase from Greek metaplasis (as META-, plasis from plassō ‘to mould’)]

metapsychology /metəsaiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the nature and functions of the mind beyond what can be studied experimentally 超心理学 □ metapsychological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

metastable /metəˈsteib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a state of equilibrium) stable only under small disturbances (平衡状态)亚稳的；准稳的 2 (of a substance etc.) technically unstable but so long-lived as to be stable for practical purposes (物质等)暂时稳定的 □ metastability  /-stəˈbiliti/ n.  

metastasis /miˈtæstəsis/ n. (pl. metastases /-si:z/) Med. 【医】  1  the transfer of a disease etc. from one part of the body to another; esp. the development of secondary tumours at a distance from a primary site of cancer (疾病等的)转移(尤指最初的癌附近又出现肿块) 2  a secondary tumour 转移瘤 □ metastasize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ metastatic  /metəˈstætik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek, from methistēmi ‘change’]

metatarsus /metəˈtɑ:səs/ n. (pl. metatarsi /-sai, -si:/)  1  the part of the foot between the ankle and the toes 跖 2  the set of bones in this 跖骨 □ metatarsal  adj.   [modern Latin (as META-, TARSUS)]

metathesis /miˈtæθisis/ n. (pl. metatheses /-si:z/)  1 Gram.  the transposition of sounds or letters in a word 【语法】音位(或字位)变换；换位 2 Chem.  the interchange of atoms or groups of atoms between two molecules; double decomposition 【化】置换作用；复分解作用 3  an instance of either of these 置换；复分解 □ metathetic  /metəˈθetik/ adj.  □ metathetical  /metəˈθetik(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek metatithēmi ‘transpose’]

metazoan /metəˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  any animal of the subkingdom Metazoa, having multicellular and differentiated tissues and comprising all animals except protozoa and sponges 后生动物；多细胞动物 ●adj.  of or relating to the Metazoans (有关)后生动物的；(有关)多细胞动物的 [Metazoa, from Greek META- + zōia, pl. of zōion ‘animal’]

mete1 /mi:t/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) literary  apportion or allot (a punishment or reward) [文学用语]分配；派给；给予(惩罚、奖励) 2 poet. or Bibl.  measure [诗]【圣经】测量；衡量 [Old English metan from Germanic: related to MEET1]

mete2 /mi:t/ n.  a boundary or boundary stone 边界；界石 [Middle English via Old French from Latin meta ‘boundary, goal’]

metempsychosis /ˌmetempsaiˈkəʊsis/ n. (pl. -psychoses /-si:z/)  1  the supposed transmigration of the soul of a human being or animal at death into a new body of the same or a different species 灵魂转生论；动物转生 2  an instance of this 灵魂转生 □ metempsychosist  n.   [Late Latin from Greek metempsukhōsis (as META-, EN-2, psukhē ‘soul’)]

meteor /ˈmi:tiə, -tiɔ:/ n.  a small body of matter from outer space that becomes incandescent as a result of friction with the earth's atmosphere and is visible as a streak of light 流星；流星体 [Middle English via modern Latin meteorum from Greek meteōron, neut. of meteōros ‘lofty’ (as META-, aeirō ‘raise’)]

meteoric /mi:tiˈɒrik/ adj.  1  a  of, relating to, or derived from the atmosphere (有关)大气的；来自大气的b (of a plant) dependent on atmospheric conditions (植物)受大气环境影响的 2  of meteors or meteorites 流星的；流星体的 3  rapid like a meteor; dazzling, transient 流星似的；昙花一现的，迅疾的  meteoric rise to fame  迅速成名 □ meteorically  adv.  

meteoric stone n.  a meteorite 陨石

meteorite /ˈmi:tiərait/ n.  a rock or metal fragment formed from a meteor of sufficient size to reach the earth's surface without burning up completely in the atmosphere 陨星；陨铁 □ meteoritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  

meteorograph /ˈmi:tiərəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an apparatus that records several meteorological phenomena at the same time 气象计 [French météorographe (as METEOR, -GRAPH)]

meteoroid /ˈmi:tiərɔid/ n.  any small body moving in the solar system that becomes visible as it passes through the earth's atmosphere as a meteor 流星体 □ meteoroidal  /-ˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

meteorology /mi:tiəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, esp. as a means of forecasting the weather 气象学(尤作为预报天气的手段) 2  the atmospheric character of a region 气象 □ meteorological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ meteorologically  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ meteorologist  n.   [Greek meteōrologia (as METEOR)]

meteor shower n.  a group of meteors appearing to come from one point in the sky, esp. around a particular date each year (尤指每年一个特殊的日子出现的)流星雨

meter1 /ˈmi:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person or thing that measures, esp. an instrument for recording a quantity of gas, electricity, etc. supplied, present, or needed 计量官；(尤指记录所供应或所需的煤气、电等的度量的)计量仪表；计量器 2  = PARKING METER  ●v. tr.  measure by means of a meter 用仪表计量 [Middle English, from METE1 + -ER1]

meter2 US var.  of METRE1 [美] METRE1 的变体

meter3 US var.  of METRE2 [美] METRE2 的变体

-meter /mitə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  forming nouns denoting measuring instruments (barometer 气压表) 构成名词，表示“…仪”，“…表” 2 Prosody  forming nouns denoting lines of poetry with a specified number of measures (pentameter 五音步诗行) 【诗体】(构成名词，表示诗歌等的)音步

methadone /ˈmeθədəʊn/ n.  a potent narcotic analgesic drug used to relieve severe pain, as a linctus to suppress coughs, and as a substitute for morphine or heroin 美沙酮(镇痛药) [chemical name 6-dimethylamino-4, 4-diphenyl-3-heptanone]

methamphetamine /meθæmˈfetəmi:n, -in/ n.  an amphetamine derivative with quicker and longer action, used as a stimulant Also called 亦称作 methedrine 脱氧麻黄碱(中枢兴奋药) [METHYL + AMPHETAMINE]

methanal /ˈmeθənæl/ n. Chem. 【化】  = FORMALDEHYDE  [METHANE + ALDEHYDE]

methane /ˈmi:θein, ˈmeθein/ n. Chem.  a colourless odourless inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, the simplest in the alkane series, and the main constituent of natural gas Also called 亦称作 marsh gas Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH4 【化】甲烷；沼气 [METHYL + -ANE2]

methanoic acid /meθəˈnəʊik/ n. Chem. 【化】  = FORMIC ACID  [METHANE + -IC]

methanol /ˈmeθənɒl/ n. Chem.  a colourless volatile inflammable liquid, used as a solvent (also called 亦称作 methyl alcohol) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : CH3OH 【化】甲醇 [METHANE + -OL1]

methedrine /ˈmeθədrin, -dri:n/ n. propr. [商标]  = METHAMPHETAMINE  [METHYL + BENZEDRINE]

methinks /miˈθiŋks/ v. intr. (past methought /miˈθɔ:t/) archaic  it seems to me [古义]我想；据我看来 [Old English mē thyncth, from mē, dative of ME1 + thyncth, 3rd sing. of thyncan ‘seem, THINK’]

methionine /miˈθaiəni:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid which contains sulphur and is an important constituent of proteins 【生化】蛋氨酸；甲硫氨酸 [METHYL + Greek theion ‘sulphur’]

metho /ˈmeθəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  methylated spirit 甲基化酒精；变性酒精 2  a person addicted to drinking methylated spirit 喝变性酒精上瘾的人 [abbreviation]

method /ˈmeθəd/ n.  1  a special form of procedure esp. in any branch of mental activity 方法；办法 2  orderliness; regular habits 秩序；规律 3  the orderly arrangement of ideas (思想的)条理性 4  a scheme of classification 分类法 5 Theatr.  a technique of acting based on the actor's thorough emotional identification with the character 【戏】融入法，体验派表演方法 □ method in one's madness   sense in what appears to be foolish or strange behaviour 在狂态下显出条理；看似胡说，却有深意 [French méthode or Latin methodus from Greek methodos ‘pursuit of knowledge’ (as META-, hodos ‘way’)]

methodical /miˈθɒdik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 methodic)  characterized by method or order 井然的；有条理的 □ methodically  adv.   [Late Latin methodicus from Greek methodikos (as METHOD)]

Methodist /ˈmeθədist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of any of several Protestant religious bodies (now united) originating in the 18th-c. evangelistic movement of Charles and John Wesley and George Whitefield (现统一的)循道宗教徒 2 (作 methodist)  a person who follows or advocates a particular method or system of procedure 墨守成规者；照章办事者 ●adj.  of or relating to Methodists or Methodism (有关)循道宗教徒的；(有关)循道宗教教义的 □ Methodism  n.  □ Methodistic  /-ˈdistik/ adj.  □ Methodistical  /-ˈdistik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin methodista (as METHOD): sense 1 probably from following a specified ‘method’ of devotional study]

methodize /ˈmeθədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  reduce to order 使有条理 2  arrange in an orderly manner 使条理化 □ methodizer  n.  

methodology /meθəˈdɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the science of method 方法论；方法学 2  a body of methods used in a particular branch of activity (特殊行动的)一套方法 □ methodological  /-dəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ methodologically  /-dəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ methodologist  n.   [modern Latin methodologia or French méthodologie (as METHOD)]

methought past  of METHINKS  

meths /meθs/ n. Brit. colloq.  methylated spirit [英口]甲基化酒精，变形酒精 [abbreviation]

Methuselah /miˈθ(j)u:z(ə)lə/ n.  1  a very old person or thing 年龄极高者；极老的东西 2 (作 methuselah)  a wine bottle of about eight times the standard size (8 倍于常量的)特大号酒瓶 [Middle English: the name of a patriarch said to have lived 969 years (Gen. 5:27)]

methyl /ˈmi:θail, ˈmeθ-, -θil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent hydrocarbon radical -CH3, present in many organic compounds 【化】甲基 □ methylic  /miˈθilik/ adj.   [German Methyl or French méthyle, back-formation from German Methylen, French méthylène: see METHYLENE]

methyl alcohol n.  = METHANOL 

methylate /ˈmeθileit/ v. tr.  1  mix or impregnate with methanol 加甲醇于 2  introduce a methyl group into (a molecule or compound) 使(分子、化合物)甲基化 □ methylation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

methylated spirit n. (also 亦作 methylated spirits)  alcohol impregnated with methanol to make it unfit for drinking and exempt from duty 甲基化酒精(不适于饮用)

methylbenzene n. /mi:θailˈbenzi:n/  = TOLUENE 

methylene /ˈmeθili:n/ n. Chem.  the highly reactive divalent group of atoms CH2 【化】亚甲基；甲叉；甲撑 [French méthylène, from Greek methu ‘wine’ + hulē ‘wood’ + -ENE]

metic /ˈmetik/ n. Gk Antiq.  an alien living in a Greek city with some privileges of citizenship [古希腊] (希腊城邦中有部分公民权的)外侨 [formed irregularly from Greek metoikos (as META-, oikos ‘dwelling’)]

meticulous /miˈtikjʊləs/ adj.  1  giving great or excessive attention to details 过分注意细节的；谨小慎微的 2  very careful and precise 非常仔细的；严谨的 □ meticulously  adv.  □ meticulousness  n.   [Latin meticulosus from metus ‘fear’]

Metis /meiˈti:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a person of mixed race, esp. the offspring of a white person and an American Indian in Canada 混血儿(尤指在加拿大的白人和美洲印第安人的后代) [French métis, Old French mestis, from Romanic: related to MESTIZO]

metol /ˈmetɒl/ n.  a white soluble phenol derivative used as a photographic developer 硫酸甲氨基酚(用作照相显影剂) [German (arbitrary name)]

Metonic cycle /miˈtɒnik/ n.  a period of 19 years (235 lunar months) covering all the changes of the moon's position relative to the sun and the earth (含 235 个太阴月的)默冬周期，太阳周 [named after Metōn, Athenian astronomer of the 5th c. BC]

metonym /ˈmetənim/ n.  a word used in metonymy 换喻词；转喻词 [back-formation from METONYMY, on the pattern of synonym]

metonymy /miˈtɒnimi/ n.  the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant (e.g. Crown for king “皇冠”表示“国王” , the turf for horse racing “赛马场”表示“赛马”) 换喻；转喻 □ metonymic  /metəˈnimik/ adj.  □ metonymical  /metəˈnimik(ə)l/ adj.  □ metonymically  /metəˈnimik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin metonymia from Greek metōnumia (as META-, onoma, onuma ‘name’)]

metope /ˈmetəʊp, ˈmetəpi/ n. Archit.  a square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze 【建】(陶立克柱式雕带上的)三槽板间平面 [Latin metopa from Greek metopē (as META-, opē ‘hole for a beam-end’)]

metre1 /ˈmi:tə/ n. (US [美] meter)  a metric unit and the base SI unit of linear measure, equal to about 39.4 inches, and reckoned as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 of a second 米，公尺(公制长度单位，等于 39.4 英寸) □ metreage  /ˈmi:t(ə)ridʒ/ n.   [French mètre from Greek metron ‘measure’]

metre2 /ˈmi:tə/ n. (US [美] meter)  1  a  any form of poetic rhythm, determined by the number and length of feet in a line (诗歌等的)韵律b  a metrical group or measure 格律 2  the basic pulse and rhythm of a piece of music 节拍 [Old French metre via Latin metrum from Greek metron MEASURE]

metre-kilogram-second adj.  denoting a system of measure using the metre, kilogram, and second as the basic units of length, mass, and time (abbr. 缩略 : mks) 米千克秒单位制的

metric /ˈmetrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or based on the metre; esp. of or relating to the decimal measuring system with the metre, litre, and gram (or kilogram) as units of length, volume, and mass See also 另见 SI 2 米制的；采用米制的；(有关)十进制的  metric system  公制 2  of or relating to measurement; metrical (有关)度量的；公制的 ●n.  1  a system or standard of measurement 衡量制(标准) 2  a mathematical function based on distances, or on quantities treated as analogous to distances for the purpose of analysis 度量 [French métrique (as METRE1)]

-metric /ˈmetrik/ comb. form (also 亦作 -metrical /-k(ə)l/)  forming adjectives corresponding to nouns in -meter and -metry (thermometric 温度计的，寒暑表的 ; geometric 几何学的；成几何级数增加的) [构词成分]构成与以 -meter 和 -metry 结尾的名词的形容词：计量器(表、计)的；度量的，测量的 □ -metrically  comb. form  forming adverbs [构词成分]构成副词 [from or suggested by French -métrique from Latin (as METRICAL)]

metrical /ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or composed in metre (有关)韵律的；(有关)格律的；诗韵的  metrical psalms  韵文圣歌 2  of or involving measurement (有关)度量的；(有关)测量的  metrical geometry  度量几何学 □ metrically  adv.   [Middle English via Latin metricus from Greek metrikos (as METRE2)]

metricate /ˈmetrikeit/ v. intr. & tr.  change or adapt to a metric system of measurement 采用(改用)公制(或米制) □ metrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ metricize  /-saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

metric hundredweight  see 见 HUNDREDWEIGHT 2 

metric ton n. (also 亦作 metric tonne) 1,000 kilograms (2,205 lb) 公吨(等于 1,000 公斤， 2,205 磅)

metritis /miˈtraitis/ n.  inflammation of the womb 子宫炎 [Greek mētra ‘womb’ + -ITIS]

metro /ˈmetrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an underground railway system in a city, esp. Paris (尤指巴黎的)地铁系统 [French métro, abbreviation of métropolitain METROPOLITAN]

metrology /miˈtrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of measurement 度量衡学；计量学 □ metrologic  /metrəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ metrological  /metrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek metron ‘measure’ + -LOGY]

metronome /ˈmetrənəʊm/ n. Mus.  a device marking time at a selected rate by giving a regular tick 【音】节拍器 □ metronomic  /-ˈnɒmik/ adj.   [Greek metron ‘measure’ + nomos ‘law’]

metronymic /metrəˈnimik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a name) derived from the name of a mother or female ancestor (名字)取自母亲(或女性祖先)的 ●n.  a metronymic name 取自母亲(或女性祖先)的名字 [Greek mētēr mētros ‘mother’, on the pattern of patronymic]

metropolis /miˈtrɒp(ə)lis/ n.  1  the chief city of a country; a capital city 主要都市；首都 2  a metropolitan bishop's see 都主教教省 3  a town or city as a centre of activity (活动的)中心城市 [Late Latin from Greek mētropolis ‘parent state’, from mētēr mētros ‘mother’ + polis ‘city’]

metropolitan /metrəˈpɒlit(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to a metropolis, esp. as distinct from its environs (尤有别于近郊的) (有关)大都市的  metropolitan New York  纽约市区 2  belonging to, forming or forming part of, a mother country as distinct from its colonies etc. (有别于殖民地等的)属于(组成)宗主国的；宗主城市的  metropolitan France  作为宗主国的法国 3  of an ecclesiastical metropolis 教会中心的 ●n.  1 (in full 全称 metropolitan bishop)  a bishop having authority over the bishops of a province, in the Western Church equivalent to archbishop, in the Orthodox Church ranking above archbishop and below patriarch 都主教 2  an inhabitant of a metropolis 大都市的人 □ metropolitanate  n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ metropolitanism  n.   [Middle English via Late Latin metropolitanus from Greek mētropolitēs (as METROPOLIS)]

metropolitan county n. hist. (in England) each of six units of local government centred on a large urban area (in existence since 1974, although their councils were abolished in 1986) [史义] (英格兰以大都市为中心的)6 个地方政府之一(建于 1974 年，各自的议会已于 1986 年消亡)

metropolitan magistrate n. Brit.  a paid professional magistrate in London (cf. 参见 STIPENDIARY MAGISTRATE) [英]领薪的伦敦治安推事

metrorrhagia /mi:trəˈreidʒiə/ n.  abnormal bleeding from the womb 子宫不规则出血；血崩 [modern Latin, from Greek mētra ‘womb’ + stem of rhēgnumi ‘burst’]

-metry /mitri/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting procedures and systems corresponding to instruments in -meter (calorimetry 量热学 ; thermometry 计温学) [构词成分]构成以 -meter 结尾的相对应名词，表示有关测量的程序和系统：测量(学)；度量(学) [on the pattern of geometry etc. from Greek -metria, from -metrēs ‘measurer’]

mettle /ˈmet(ə)l/ n.  1  the quality of a person's disposition or temperament 内在气质；脾性  a chance to show your mettle  显示你本领的机会 2  natural ardour 热情 3  spirit, courage 精神；勇气 □ on one's mettle   incited to do one's best 奋发努力；尽最大努力□ mettled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ mettlesome  adj.   [variant of METAL n.]

meu /mju:/ n. (also 亦作 meum /ˈmi:əm/)  = SPIGNEL  [formed irregulary from Latin meum, from Greek mēon]

meunière /mɜ:ˈnjɛə/ adj. (esp. of fish) cooked or served in lightly browned butter with lemon juice and parsley (尤指鱼的) (蘸上面粉)黄油煎炸的  sole meunière  煎炸鳎鱼 [French (ɑˋ la) meunière ‘ (in the manner of) a miller's wife’]

MeV abbr.  mega-electronvolt(s) [缩略]兆电子伏特

mew1 /mju:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of a cat, gull, etc.) utter its characteristic cry (猫、海鸥等)发出叫声 ●n.  this sound, esp. of a cat (尤指猫等的)叫声 [Middle English: imitative]

mew2 /mju:/ n. & v. ●n.  a cage for hawks, esp. while moulting (尤指换毛时用的)鹰笼 ●v. tr.  1  put (a hawk) in a cage 把(鹰)关在笼里 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  shut up; confine 关起来；监禁 [Middle English via Old French mue, from muer ‘moult’, from Latin mutare ‘change’]

mew3 /mju:/ n.  a gull 海鸥 [Old English mœw, from Germanic]

mew gull n. esp. N. Amer.  the common gull, Larus canus [尤北美]海鸥

mewl /mju:l/ v. intr. (also 亦作 mule)  1  cry feebly; whimper 低声哭；呜咽 2  mew like a cat 猫似地叫 [imitative: cf. MIAUL]

mews /mju:z/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a set of stabling round an open yard or along a lane 马厩 2  such a set of buildings converted into dwellings; a row of houses in the style of a mews 马厩改造的住房；马厩式住房 [pl. (now used as sing.) of MEW2, originally referring to the royal stables on the site of hawks' mews at Charing Cross, London]

Mexican /ˈmeksik(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Mexico, a country in southern North America 墨西哥人；墨西哥国民b  a person of Mexican descent 墨西哥人后裔 2  an indigenous language of Mexico, esp. Nahuatl 墨西哥本土语(尤指纳互特尔语) ●adj.  1  of or relating to Mexico or its people (有关)墨西哥的；(有关)墨西哥人的 2  of Mexican descent 墨西哥人后裔的 [Spanish mexicano]

Mexican wave n.  a rising-and-falling effect produced by successive sections of a crowd standing up, raising their arms, lowering them, and sitting down again (运动场内观众一部分接一部分地起立、举臂、放臂、坐下而形成的)墨西哥人浪 [named because it was done repeatedly at the 1986 soccer World Cup finals in Mexico City: the practice itself is older]

Mexico   墨西哥

Mexico City n.  墨西哥城 [墨西哥首都]

mezereon /miˈziəriən/ n.  a small European and Asian shrub, Daphne mezereum, with fragrant purplish-red flowers and red berries 欧亚瑞香(开紫红色香花，结红色浆果) [medieval Latin from Arabic mɑˉzaryūn]

mezuzah /meˈzu:zə/ n. (pl. mezuzoth /-zəʊt/)  a parchment inscribed with religious texts and attached in a case to the doorpost of a Jewish house as a sign of faith (犹太教)门柱圣卷 [Hebrew mĕzûzɑˉh ‘doorpost’]

mezzanine /ˈmezəni:n, ˈmets-/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  1  a low storey between two others (usu. between the ground and first floors) 夹层楼面(通常指一楼和二楼之间的楼面) 2 Brit. Theatr. [英]【戏】  a  a floor or space beneath the stage (舞台下的)底层b N. Amer.  a dress circle [北美]第一层楼厅的前排座位 ●adj. Commerce  designating or relating to unsecured, higher-yielding loans that are subordinate to bank and secured loans but rank above equity 【商业】(非担保和担保贷款)居间的 [French from Italian mezzanino, diminutive of mezzano ‘middle’, from Latin medianus MEDIAN]

mezza voce /ˌmetsə ˈvəʊtʃei, ˈvɒtʃi/ adv. Mus.  with less than the full strength of the voice or sound 【音】用半声(地) [Italian, = half voice]

mezzo /ˈmetsəʊ/ adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  half, moderately 一半，适中 ●n. (in full 全称 mezzo-soprano) (pl. -os)  1  a  a female singing voice between soprano and contralto 女次高音b  a singer with this voice 女中次高音歌唱家 2  a part written for mezzo-soprano 女次高音部 [Italian, from Latin medius ‘middle’]

mezzo forte adj. & adv.  fairly loud 中强的(地)；不很响的(地)

mezzo piano adj. & adv.  fairly soft 中弱的(地)；不很轻的(地)

mezzo-relievo /ˌmetsəʊriˈlji:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 mezzo-rilievo /-riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os) Sculpture 【雕刻术】  = HALF-RELIEF  [Italian mezzo-rilievo]

mezzotint /ˈmetsəʊtint, ˈmezəʊ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a method of printing or engraving in which the surface of a plate is roughened by scraping so that it produces tones and half-tones 网线铜版印刷(雕刻)法 2  a print produced by this process 网线铜版印刷品 ●v. tr.  engrave in mezzotint 用网线铜版雕刻法刻 □ mezzotinter  n.   [Italian mezzotinto, from mezzo ‘half’ + tinto ‘tint’]

MF abbr. [缩略]  medium frequency 

mf abbr. [缩略]  mezzo forte 

MFH abbr. Brit.  Master of Foxhounds [缩略] [英]猎狐狗的掌管人

MG abbr. [缩略]  1  machine-gun  2  Morris Garages (as a make of car) 莫里斯汽车制造厂

Mg symb. Chem.  the element magnesium [符]【化】(化学元素)镁

mg abbr. [缩略]  milligram(s) 

Mgr. abbr. [缩略]  1  Manager  2  Monseigneur  3  Monsignor 

mho /məʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Electr.  the reciprocal of an ohm, a former unit of conductance 【电】姆欧 [OHM reversed]

MHR abbr. (in the US and Australia) Member of the House of Representatives [缩略] (美国和澳大利亚)众议院议员

MHz abbr. [缩略]  megahertz 

MI abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Michigan (in official postal use) [美]密歇根州(正式邮政用语) 2 Brit. hist.  Military Intelligence [英史义]军事情报

mi var.  of ME2  ME2 的变体

mi. abbr. [缩略]  mile(s) 

MI5 abbr. (in the UK) the department of Military Intelligence concerned with state security [缩略] (英国)安全局(陆军情报局 5 处)■Usage 用法说明 The official term for MI5 is the Security Service. MI5 的正式称呼为安全局。 

MI6 abbr. (in the UK) the department of Military Intelligence concerned with espionage [缩略] (英国)秘密情报局(陆军情报局 6 处)■Usage 用法说明 The official term for MI6 is the Secret Intelligence Service. MI6 的正式称呼为秘密情报局。 

MIA abbr.  missing in action [缩略]战斗中失踪的(人员)

Miami /maiˈæmi/ n.  迈阿密 [美国港市]

miaow /miˈaʊ/ n. & v. (also 亦作 meow) ●n.  the characteristic cry of a cat 猫的叫声 ●v. intr.  make this cry 学猫叫 [imitative]

miasma /miˈæzmə, mai-/ n. (pl. miasmata /-mətə/ or miasmas) archaic  an infectious or noxious vapour [古义]臭气；瘴气 □ miasmal  adj.  □ miasmatic  /miəzˈmætik/ adj.  □ miasmic  adj.  □ miasmically  adv.   [Greek, = defilement, from miainō ‘pollute’]

miaul /miˈɔ:l/ v. intr.  cry like a cat; mew 猫似地叫；猫叫 [French miauler: imitative]

Mic. abbr.  Micah (Old Testament) [缩略]《弥迦书》(《圣经·旧约》)

mica /ˈmaikə/ n.  any of a group of silicate minerals with a layered structure, esp. muscovite 云母(尤指白云母) □ micaceous  /-ˈkeiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin, = crumb]

mica-schist n. (also 亦作 mica-slate)  a fissile rock containing quartz and mica 云母片岩

mice pl.  of MOUSE  

micelle /miˈsel, maiˈsel/ n. Chem.  an aggregate of molecules in a colloidal solution, as formed e.g. by detergents 【化】微团；胶束 [modern Latin micella, diminutive of Latin mica ‘crumb’]

Mich. abbr. [缩略]  1  Michaelmas  2  Michigan (美国)密歇根州

Michael /ˈmaikl/   迈克尔 [人名]

Michaelmas /ˈmik(ə)lməs/ n.  the feast of St Michael, 29 September 米迦勒节 (9 月 29 日) [Old English sancte Micheles mœsse ‘Saint Michael's Mass’: see MASS]

Michaelmas daisy n.  an autumn-flowering aster (秋季开花的)米迦勒节紫菀

Michaelmas term n. Brit. (in some universities) the autumn term [英] (某些大学的)秋季学期；第一学期

Michelle /miˈʃel/   米歇尔 [人名]

Michigan /ˈmiʃigən/ n.  密歇根湖 [美国]

Mick /mik/   米克 [人名]

mick /mik/ n. slang offens. [俚语] [冒犯]  1  an Irishman 爱尔兰人 2  a Roman Catholic 天主教徒 [pet form of the name Michael]

Mickey /ˈmiki/   米基 [人名]

mickey /ˈmiki/ n. (also 亦作 micky)   □ take the mickey  (often foll. by 常后跟 out of) Brit. slang  tease, mock, ridicule [英] [俚语]嘲笑；取笑；嘲弄□ mickey-taking  n.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Mickey Finn /miki ˈfin/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a drink adulterated with a narcotic or laxative 搀有麻醉剂(或泻药)的酒(或饮料) 2  the adulterant itself 搀入的麻醉剂(或泻药) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Mickey Mouse /miki ˈmaʊs/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  of inferior quality 劣质的；蹩脚的 2  ridiculous, trivial 可笑的，滑稽的；琐屑的 [mouselike cartoon character created by Walt Disney, American cartoonist d. 1966]

mickle /ˈmik(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 muckle /ˈmʌk(ə)l/) archaic or Sc. [古义] [苏格兰] ●adj.  much, great 多的，大量的 ●n.  a large amount 大量；许多 □ many a little makes a mickle (also erroneous 亦错作 many a mickle makes a muckle)   many small amounts accumulate to make a large amount 积少成多，集腋成裘 [Middle English from Old Norse mikell, from Germanic]

Micky /ˈmiki/   米基 [人名]

micky var.  of MICKEY  MICKEY 的变体

micro /ˈmaikrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  = MICROCOMPUTER  2  = MICROPROCESSOR 

micro- /ˈmaikrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  small (microchip 微型芯片) 小的 2  denoting a factor of one-millionth (10-6) (microgram 微克) (symbol 符μ) 微；百万分之一 [Greek mikro- from mikros ‘small’]

microanalysis /ˌmaikrəʊəˈnælisis/ n.  the quantitative analysis of chemical compounds using a sample of a few milligrams 微量分析

microbe /ˈmaikrəʊb/ n.  a minute living being; a micro-organism (esp. a bacterium causing disease or fermentation) (尤指引起疾病或发酵的)微生物；细菌 □ microbial  /-ˈkrəʊbiəl/ adj.  □ microbic  /-ˈkrəʊbik/ adj.   [French, from Greek mikros ‘small’ + bios ‘life’]

microbiology /ˌmaikrə(ʊ)baiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of micro-organisms, e.g. bacteria, viruses, and fungi 微生物学(如研究细菌、病毒和真菌) □ microbiological  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ microbiologically  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ microbiologist  n.  

microburst /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)bɜ:st/ n.  a particularly strong wind shear, esp. during a thunderstorm (尤指极强暴风雨中的)强风切变

microcephaly /maikrəʊˈsefəli, ˈke-/ n.  an abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body 小头；小头畸形 □ microcephalic  /-siˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj. & n.  □ microcephalous  /-ˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj.  

microchip /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)tʃip/ n.  a tiny wafer of semiconducting material used to make an integrated circuit (制造集成电路的)微型芯片

microcircuit /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌsɜ:kit/ n.  a minute electric circuit, esp. an integrated circuit 微型电路(尤指集成电路) □ microcircuitry  n.  

microclimate /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌklaimət/ n.  the climate of a small local area or enclosed space, esp. as differing from the surroundings (尤指不同于周围的)小气候 □ microclimatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ microclimatically  /-ˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  

microcode /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)kəʊd/ n.  1  = MICROINSTRUCTION  2  = MICROPROGRAM 

microcomputer /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)kɒmˌpju:tə/ n.  a small computer that contains a microprocessor as its central processor 微型计算机

microcopy /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌkɒpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a copy of printed matter that has been reduced by microphotography 缩微复制品；缩微本 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make a microcopy of 把…缩微

microcosm /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)kɒz(ə)m/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a miniature representation 缩影；缩图 2  humankind viewed as the epitome of the universe 作为宇宙缩影的人类 3  any community or complex unity viewed in this way 微观世界；小社会 □ microcosmic  /-ˈkɒzmik/ adj.  □ microcosmically  /-ˈkɒzmik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via French microcosme or medieval Latin microcosmus from Greek mikros kosmos ‘little world’]

microdot /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)dɒt/ n.  a microphotograph of a document etc. reduced to the size of a dot (文件等的)微粒照片

microeconomics /ˌmaikrəʊi:kəˈnɒmiks, -ekə-/ n.  the branch of economics dealing with individual commodities, producers, etc. (针对个体商品、个体生产者等的)微观经济学 □ microeconomic  adj.  

microelectronics /ˌmaikrəʊilekˈtrɒniks/ n.  the design, manufacture, and use of microchips and microcircuits 微电子学 □ microelectronic  adj.  

microevolution /ˌmaikrəʊi:vəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n, ˈlju:ʃ(ə)n, -ev-/ n. Biol.  evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, esp. over a short period 【生】(尤指短时间内的)微观进化；种内进化；小进化 □ microevolutionary  adj.  

microfiche /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)fi:ʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or microfiches)  a flat rectangular piece of film bearing microphotographs of the pages of a printed text or document 缩微平片

microfilm /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)film/ n. & v. ●n.  a length of film bearing microphotographs of documents etc. 缩微胶卷(拍摄文件等) ●v. tr.  photograph (a document etc.) on microfilm 把(文件等)拍在缩微胶卷上

microfloppy /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌflɒpi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 microfloppy disk) Computing  a floppy disk with a diameter of less than 5(1/4) inches (usu. 3(1/2) inches) 【计算】微型软磁盘(通常直径 3.5 英寸)

microform /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)fɔ:m/ n.  microphotographic reproduction on film or paper of a manuscript etc. (在胶片或纸上)缩微成像；缩微复制

microgram /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  one-millionth of a gram 微克

micrograph /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  a photograph taken by means of a microscope 显微照片；显微图；微观图

microgravity /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌɡræviti/ n.  very weak gravity, as in an orbiting spacecraft 微重力

microgroove /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ɡru:v/ n.  a very narrow groove on a long-playing gramophone record (唱片的)密纹

microinstruction /ˈmaikrəʊinˌstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  a machine-code instruction that effects a basic operation in a computer system 微指令

microlepidoptera /ˌmaikrə(ʊ)lepiˈdɒpt(ə)rə/ n. pl.  the numerous small moths that are of interest only to specialists 微鳞翅目昆虫 [MICRO- + modern Latin Lepidoptera: see LEPIDOPTEROUS]■Usage 用法说明 The term microlepidoptera is not used in formal classification. 名词 microlepidoptera 不用于正式的分类中。 

microlight /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)lait/ n.  a very small, light, low-speed, one- or two-seater aircraft with an open frame 微轻量级飞机，机动悬挂式滑翔机

microlith /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)liθ/ n. Archaeol.  a minute worked flint usu. as part of a composite tool 【考古】(通常作为混合工具的一部分)细石器 □ microlithic  /-ˈliθik/ adj.  

micromesh /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)meʃ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  material, esp. nylon, consisting of a very fine mesh 微型小网眼料子(尤指微型小网眼尼龙)

micrometer /maiˈkrɒmitə/ n.  a gauge for accurately measuring small distances, thicknesses, etc. (测量短距离、厚度的)测微计；千分尺 □ micrometry  n.  

micrometre /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌmi:tə/ n.  one-millionth of a metre 微米

microminiaturization /ˈmaikrəʊˌminitʃəraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  the manufacture of very small electronic devices by using integrated circuits (电子设备的)超小型化；微型化

micron /ˈmaikrɒn/ n.  one-millionth of a metre 微米 [Greek mikron, neut. of mikros ‘small’: cf. MICRO-]

Micronesia /ˌmaikrəuˈni:ziə/ n.  密克罗尼西亚 [大洋洲]

Micronesian /maikrə(ʊ)ˈni:zj(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Micronesia, an island group in the W. Pacific (西太平洋) (有关)密克罗尼西亚的 ●n.  1  a native of Micronesia 密克罗尼西亚人 2  the group of Austronesian languages spoken in Micronesia 密克罗尼西亚语 [Micronesia, formed as MICRO- + Greek nēsos ‘island’]

micronutrient /maikrə(ʊ)ˈnju:triənt/ n.  a chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the growth and development of living organisms 微量营养元素；微量养料；微量营养素

micro-organism /maikrəʊˈɔ:ɡ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  a microscopic organism, esp. a bacterium or virus 微生物(尤指细菌或病菌)

microphone /ˈmaikrəfəʊn/ n.  an instrument for converting sound waves into electrical energy variations which may be reconverted into sound after transmission by wire or radio or after recording 扩音器；麦克风；话筒；传声器 □ microphonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  

microphotograph /maikrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊtəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a photograph reduced to a very small size 缩微照片

microphyte /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)fait/ n.  a microscopic plant 小植物；微生植物

microprocessor /maikrə(ʊ)ˈprəʊsesə/ n.  an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer and often all the other functions as well 微处理器(机)

microprogram /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌprəʊɡræm/ n.  a microinstruction program that controls the functions of a central processing unit of a computer 微程序

micropyle /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)pail/ n. Bot.  a small opening in the surface of an ovule, through which pollen passes 【植】珠孔 [MICRO- + Greek pulē ‘gate’]

microscope /ˈmaikrəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for magnifying small objects by means of a lens or lenses so as to reveal details invisible to the naked eye 显微镜 [modern Latin microscopium (as MICRO-, -SCOPE)]

microscopic /maikrəˈskɒpik/ adj.  1  so small as to be visible only with a microscope 显微镜下才可见的 2  extremely small 微小的；极小的 3  regarded in terms of small units 微观的 4  of the microscope 显微镜的 □ microscopical  adj. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ microscopically  adv.  

microscopy /maiˈkrɒskəpi/ n.  the use of the microscope 显微镜使用；显微镜检查 □ microscopist  n.  

microsecond /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌsekənd/ n.  one-millionth of a second 微秒，百万分之一秒

microsome /ˈmaikrəsəʊm/ n. Biol.  a small particle of organelle fragments obtained by centrifugation of homogenized cells 【生】微粒体 [MICRO- + -SOME3]

microspore /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)spɔ:/ n. Bot.  the smaller of the two kinds of spore produced by some ferns (cf. 参见 MEGASPORE) 【植】小孢子

microstructure /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)ˌstrʌktʃə/ n. (in a metal or other material) the arrangement of crystals etc. which can be made visible and examined with a microscope 微观结构；显微结构(用显微镜才能看见的金属或其他物质的结晶体等的结构排列)

microsurgery /maikrə(ʊ)ˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n.  intricate surgery performed using microscopes, enabling the tissue to be operated on with miniaturized precision instruments 显微外科；显微手术 □ microsurgical  /-ˈsɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

microswitch /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)switʃ/ n.  a switch that can be operated rapidly by a small movement 微型开关

microtome /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)təʊm/ n.  an instrument for cutting extremely thin sections of material for examination under a microscope 超薄切片机

microtone /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)təʊn/ n. Mus.  an interval smaller than a semitone 【音】(小于半音的)微音程

microtubule /maikrə(ʊ)ˈtju:bju:l/ n. Biol.  a minute protein filament occurring in cytoplasm and involved in forming the spindles during cell division etc. 【生】微管(在细胞分裂期间形成纺锤丝)

microwave /ˈmaikrə(ʊ)weiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength in the range 0.001 － 0.3m 微波 2 (in full 全称 microwave oven)  an oven that uses microwaves to cook or heat food 微波炉 ●v. tr.  cook in a microwave oven 用微波炉烹调；用微波炉加热 □ microwaveable  adj. (also 亦作 microwavable)  

micrurgy /ˈmaikrɜ:dʒi/ n.  the manipulation of individual cells etc. under a microscope 显微操纵术 [MICRO- + Greek -ourgia ‘work’]

micturition /miktjʊˈriʃ(ə)n/ n. formal or Med.  urination [正式]【医】排尿；小便 [Latin micturire micturit-, desiderative from mingere mict- ‘urinate’]

mid /mid/ prep. poet. [诗]  = AMID  [abbreviation from AMID]

mid- /mid/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  that is the middle of (in mid-air 在空中 ; from mid-June to mid-July 从 6 月中旬到 7 月中旬) 中部的；中间的；中央的 2  that is in the middle; medium, half 居中的；占据中间的；中等的 3 Phonet. (of a vowel) pronounced with the tongue neither high nor low 【语音】(元音)中元音；央元音 [Old English midd (recorded only in oblique cases), related to Latin medius, Greek mesos]

Midas touch /ˈmaidəs/ n.  the ability to turn one's activities to financial advantage 赚大钱的本领 [Midas, king of Phrygia, whose touch was said to turn all things to gold]

midbrain /ˈmidbrein/ n. Anat.  a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain also called 亦称作 mesencephalon 【解】中脑

midday /midˈdei/ n.  the middle of the day; noon 正午；日中；中午 [Old English middœg (as MID-, DAY)]

midden /ˈmid(ə)n/ n.  1  a dunghill 粪堆 2  a refuse heap near a dwelling 垃圾堆 3  = KITCHEN MIDDEN  [Middle English myddyng, of Scandinavian origin: cf. Danish mødding ‘muck heap’]

middle /ˈmid(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●attrib. adj.  1  at an equal distance from the extremities of a thing 中部的；中间的；中央的；当中的 2 (of a member of a group) so placed as to have the same number of members on each side (群体中的一名成员位于)中间的 3  intermediate in rank, quality, etc. (级别、质量等)中级的 4  average 中等的  of middle height  中等个子 5 (of a language) of the period between the old and modern forms (语言)介于古代与现代形式之间的，中古的 6 Gram.  designating the voice of (esp. Greek) verbs that expresses reciprocal or reflexive action 【语法】(尤指希腊语动词)中间态的 ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the middle point or position or part 中间；中央；当中 2  a person's waist 腰部 3 Gram.  the middle form or voice of a verb 【语法】中间态 4  = MIDDLE TERM  ●v. tr.  1  place in the middle 放在…的中间 2 Football  return (the ball) from the wing to the midfield 【足球】把(球)从边锋踢回门前中场区 3 Cricket  strike (the ball) with the middle of the bat 【板球】用球棒中部击(球) 4 Naut.  fold in the middle 【海】在中间对折 □ in the middle of  (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun)  in the process of; during 在…中途；在…期间 [Old English middel, from Germanic]

middle age n.  the period between youth and old age, about 45 to 60 中年 □ middle-aged  adj.  

Middle Ages n. pl.  the period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th c.) to the fall of Constantinople (1453), or more narrowly from c. 1000 to 1453 中世纪

middle-age spread n. (also 亦作 middle-aged spread)  the increased bodily girth often associated with middle age 中年体型(指人到中年发福)

Middle America n.  1  Mexico and Central America 中部美洲 2  the middle class in the US, esp. as a conservative political force 美国中产阶级(尤指作为一种政治上的保守势力)

middlebrow /ˈmid(ə)lbraʊ/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  claiming to be or regarded as only moderately intellectual (视为)文化教养一般的 ●n.  a middlebrow person 文化教养一般的人

middle C n. Mus.  the C near the middle of the piano keyboard, the note between the treble and bass staves, at about 260 Hz 【音】中央 C 音

middle class n. & adj. ●n.  the class of society between the upper and the lower, including professional and business workers and their families 中产阶级 ●adj. (作 middle-class)  of the middle class 中产阶级的

middle common room n. Brit.  a common room for the use of graduate members of a college who are not fellows [英]大学(或学院)的研究生活动室

middle course n.  a compromise between two extremes 折中方针；中间道路

middle distance n.  1 (in a painted or actual landscape) the part between the foreground and the background (彩色画或景色中的)中景 2 Athletics  a race distance of esp. between 800 and 5,000 metres 【竞技】(尤指 800 米和 5,000 米赛跑之间的)中距离；中长跑

middle ear n.  the cavity of the central part of the ear behind the drum 中耳

Middle East n. (prec. by 前接 the)  an extensive area of SW Asia and northern Africa, stretching from the Mediterranian to Pakistan and including the Arabian peninsular 中东 □ Middle Eastern  adj.  

Middle Eastern /ˌmidlˈi:stən/ adj.  中东地区的

Middle English n.  the English language from c. 1150 to 1500 中古英语

middle finger n.  the finger next to the forefinger 中指

middle game n.  the central phase of a chess game, when strategies are developed (棋赛的)中局

middle ground n.  1  the thought, area, or path, tending to moderation and compromise 中间观点；中间立场；中间道路 2  the people regarded as holding moderate views 持中间立场(或观点)的人

middle-income attrib. adj.  1  of or relating to the group of people earning average salaries (有关)中等收入者的 2  with an average national income (used esp. of certain Third World countries) (尤用于某些第三世界国家)中等收入的；中产阶级的

middleman /ˈmid(ə)lmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a trader who handles a commodity between its producer and its consumer 中间人；经纪人；掮客 2  an intermediary 调解人

middle management n.  1  the level in an organization between senior and junior management 中级管理阶层 2  the managers at this level (cf. 参见 SENIOR MANAGEMENT, JUNIOR MANAGEMENT) (总称)中级管理人员

middle name n.  1  a person's name placed after the first name and before the surname 中名(第一个名字与姓之间的名字) 2  a person's most characteristic quality 突出的个性；显著的特征  sobriety is my middle name  沉着稳健是我的个性

middle-of-the-road adj.  1 (of a person, course of action, etc.) moderate; avoiding extremes (人、行动路线等)中间道路的；温和路线的；中间立场的 2 (of music) intended to appeal to a wide audience; unadventurous (音乐)为广大听众所喜爱的；不标新立异的

middle passage n.  the sea journey between W. Africa and the W. Indies (with reference to the slave trade) (西非到西印度群岛海上奴隶贸易的)中途

middle school n.  a school for children from about 9 to 13 years old 中学

middle-sized adj.  of medium size 中等大小的；中号的

Middle Temple n.  one of the two Inns of Court on the site of the Temple in London (cf. 参见 INNER TEMPLE) 中殿律师学院

middle term n. Logic  the term common to both premisses of a syllogism 【逻辑学】中项；中词

middle watch n.  the watch from midnight to 4 a.m. 午夜值班

middle way n.  1  = MIDDLE COURSE  2  the eightfold path of Buddhism between indulgence and asceticism (佛教纵情与禁欲之间的)中道

middleweight /ˈmid(ə)lweit/ n.  1  a weight in certain sports intermediate between welterweight and light heavyweight, in the amateur boxing scale 71 － 5 kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters 中量级 2  a boxer etc. of this weight 中量级拳击手(摔跤运动员等)

Middle West n.  = MIDWEST 

middling /ˈmid(ə)liŋ/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  moderately good (esp. 尤指 fair to middling 过得去，马马虎虎) 中等的b colloq. (of a person's health) fairly well [口] (某人健康)身体尚好的c  second-rate 二流的 2 (of goods) of the second of three grades (物品三个等级中)二等的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  middling goods, esp. flour of medium fineness 中档货(尤指中等成色的面粉) ●adv.  fairly or moderately 中等程度地  middling good  还算好 □ middlingly  adv.   [Middle English, of Scots origin: probably from MID- + -LING2]

Middx. abbr.  Middlesex [缩略]米德尔塞克斯郡(英国英格兰旧郡名)

middy1 /ˈmidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 colloq.  a midshipman [口]海军学校学员 2 (in full 全称 middy blouse)  a woman's or child's loose blouse with a collar like that worn by sailors (妇女或儿童穿的)水手领罩衫

middy2 /ˈmidi/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral. slang  a measure of beer of varying size [澳] [俚语]密迪(啤酒的计量单位) [20th c.: origin unknown]

Mideast /midˈi:st/ n. US [美]  = MIDDLE EAST 

midfield /midˈfi:ld, ˈmidfi:ld/ n. Football  the central part of the pitch, away from the goals 【足球】中场 □ midfielder  n.  

midge /midʒ/ n.  1  a  any small gnatlike dipterous fly of the family Chironomidae, often seen in dancing swarms near water 双翅目小昆虫b  any similar fly, esp. a tiny biting fly of the family Ceratopogonidae, with piercing mouthparts 蠓；摇蚊 2 colloq.  a small person [口]矮人；侏儒 [Old English mycg(e), from Germanic]

midget /ˈmidʒit/ n.  1  an extremely small person or thing 矮人；侏儒；极小的东西 2 (作 attrib.)  very small 极小(的)；小型(的) [MIDGE + -ET1]

midgut /ˈmidɡʌt/ n.  the middle part of the alimentary canal, including (in vertebrates) the small intestine 中肠(包括脊椎动物的小肠)

MIDI /ˈmidi/ n.  a system for using combinations of electronic equipment, esp. audio and computer equipment 音乐设备数字界面(尤指包括音响装置及计算机设备) [acronym from musical instrument digital interface]

midi /ˈmidi/ n. (pl. midis)  a garment of medium length, usu. reaching to mid-calf 中长裙(通常达小腿中部) [MID-, on the pattern of MINI]

midi- /ˈmidi/ comb. form  medium-sized; of medium length [构词成分]中等大小的；中长的

midibus /ˈmidibʌs/ n.  a bus seating up to about 25 passengers (大约 25 个座位的)中巴；中型客车 [MID- + BUS, on the pattern of minibus]

midinette /midiˈnet/ n.  a Parisian shop girl, esp. a milliner's assistant (巴黎的)女店员，女裁缝(尤指女帽助理设计师) [French, from midi ‘midday’ + dînette ‘light dinner’]

midiron /ˈmidaiən/ n. Golf  an iron with a medium degree of loft 【高尔夫球】二号铁头球棒

midi system n.  a set of compact stacking hi-fi equipment components 迷迪系统，乐器数字接口系统(高保真迷你音响设备)

midland /ˈmidlənd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (作 the Midlands)  the inland counties of central England 英格兰中部地区 2  the middle part of a country (一国的)中部地区；内陆；内地 ●adj.  1 (also 亦作 Midland)  of or in the Midlands (位于)英格兰中部的 2  of or in the midland (位于)中部地区的；内陆的；内地的 3  Mediterranean 地中海的 □ midlander  n.  

mid-life /midˈlaif/ n.  middle age 中年 often 常作 attrib.: mid-life planning  中年计划

mid-life crisis n.  an emotional crisis of self-confidence that can occur in early middle age 中年危机

midline /ˈmidlain/ n.  a median line, or plane of bilateral symmetry 中线；对称面

midmost /ˈmidməʊst/ adj. & adv.  in the very middle 正中的(地)；最近中心的(地)；中间的(地)

midnight /ˈmidnait/ n.  1  the middle of the night; 12 o'clock at night 子夜；午夜；半夜 12 点 2  intense darkness 漆黑 [Old English midniht (as MID-, NIGHT)]

midnight blue n. & adj. ●n.  a very dark blue 深蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深蓝色的

midnight sun n.  the sun visible at midnight during the summer in polar regions (极地所能见到的)子夜太阳

mid-off n. Cricket  a fielder or fielding position near the bowler on the off side 【板球】投手左侧的外场球员(位置)

mid-on n. Cricket  a fielder or fielding position near the bowler on the on side 【板球】投手右侧的外场球员(位置)

Midrash /ˈmidræʃ, -rʌʃ/ n. (pl. Midrashim /-ˈʃim/)  an ancient commentary on part of the Hebrew scriptures 米德拉西(古代对希伯来圣经的注释) [Bibl. Hebrew midrɑˉš ‘commentary’]

midrib /ˈmidrib/ n.  the central rib of a leaf (叶的)中脉

midriff /ˈmidrif/ n.  1  a  the region of the front of the body between the thorax and abdomen 上腹部b  the diaphragm 膈；隔膜 2  a garment or part of a garment covering the abdomen (女服的)上腹部位 [Old English midhrif (as MID-, hrif ‘belly’)]

midship /ˈmidʃip/ n.  the middle part of a ship or boat 船身中部

midshipman /ˈmidʃipmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a naval officer of rank between naval cadet and sub lieutenant [英]海军候补少尉 2 US  a naval cadet [美]海军学校学员

midships /ˈmidʃips/ adv.  = AMIDSHIPS 

midst /midst/ prep. & n. ●prep. poet.  amidst [诗]在…之中 ●n.  middle (now only in phrs. as below) 中间，当中(现只用于以下短语中) □ in the midst of   among; in the middle of 在…中央；在…当中□ in our (or your or their) midst   among us (or you or them) 在我们(你们、他们)当中 [Middle English middest, middes, from in middes, in middan (as IN, MID-)]

midstream /midˈstri:m/ n. & adv. ●n.  the middle of a stream, river, etc. (溪流、水道等)中流 ●adv. (also 亦作 in midstream)  in the middle of an action etc. (行动等)在中途  abandoned the project midstream  中途放弃计划

midsummer /midˈsʌmə/ n.  the period of or near the summer solstice 仲夏(时期) [Old English midsumor (as MID-, SUMMER1)]

Midsummer Day n. (also 亦作 Midsummer's Day) 24 June 施洗约翰节 (6 月 24 日)

midsummer madness n.  extreme folly (极度愚蠢的)热昏行为

midtown /ˈmidtaʊn/ n. US  the central part of a city between the downtown and uptown areas [美] (商业区和住宅区之间的)市中心区

midway /ˈmidwei, midˈwei/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in or towards the middle of the distance between two points 中途；当中；中间 ●n. N. Amer.  a fair or an area with sideshows etc. [北美] (带穿插表演等的)娱乐场，游艺场

midweek /midˈwi:k/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  the middle of the week 周中 ●adj. & adv.  occurring at this time 周中的(地)

Midwest /midˈwest/ n. (in the US) the region of northern states from Ohio west to the Rocky mountains (美国)中西部 □ Midwestern  adj.  

midwicket /midˈwikit/ n. Cricket  a fielder or fielding position on the leg side opposite the middle of the pitch 【板球】中三柱门

midwife /ˈmidwaif/ n. (pl. -wives /-waivz/)  1  a person (usu. a woman) trained to assist women in childbirth (通常妇女)助产士；接生员；产婆 2  a person or thing that brings about change 促进者；催生因素；促成因素  act as a midwife to emergent culture  作新兴文化的促进者 □ midwifery  /-wifri/ n.   [Middle English, probably from obsolete prep. mid ‘with’ + WIFE ‘woman’, in the sense of ‘a person who is with the mother’]

midwife toad n.  a European toad, Alytes obstetricans, in which the male carries the developing eggs on his hind legs 产婆蟾

midwinter /midˈwintə/ n.  the period of or near the winter solstice 仲冬(时期) [Old English (as MID-, WINTER)]

mielie var.  of MEALIE  MEALIE 的变体

mien /mi:n/ n. literary  a person's look or bearing, as showing character or mood [文学用语]外表；样子 [probably via obsolete demean from DEMEAN2, assimilated to French mine ‘expression’]

miff /mif/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  put out of humour; offend 使生气；使发脾气 ●n.  1  a petty quarrel 无谓的争吵 2  a huff 愠怒；发脾气 [perhaps imitative: cf. German muff, an exclamation of disgust]

miffy /ˈmifi/ adj.  easily offended or irritated 易生气的；易怒的 [MIFF + -Y1]

might1 /mait/ past of MAY, used esp. 尤用于 :  1  in reported speech, expressing possibility  said he might come  说他可能来 or permission  asked if I might leave  询问我是否可以离开 (cf. 参见 MAY 1, 2) (在间接引语中，表达可能性)可能，也许；(表达同意)可以 2 (foll. by 后跟 perfect infin.)  expressing a possibility based on a condition not fulfilled (表示在条件不成熟的情况下的可能性)会，能  if you'd looked you might have found it  你要是留意了或许就会找到 but for the radio we might not have known  如果没有收音机，我们不可能知道 3 (foll. by 后跟 present infin. or perfect infin.)  expressing complaint that an obligation or expectation is not or has not been fulfilled (义务或期望没有或不曾完成时表示抱怨)应该  you might help instead of watching  你应该帮忙，不该袖手旁观 they might have asked  他们本该问一问 you might have known they wouldn't come  你应该知道他们不会来 4  expressing a request (表示要求)最好，何不  you might call in at the butcher's  你何不去肉店一趟 5 colloq. [口]  a  = MAY 1  it might be true  这可能是真的 b (in tentative questions 用于试探性问句)  = MAY 2  might I have the pleasure of this dance?  我可以有幸(请你)跳这支舞吗？ c  = MAY 4  who might you be?  你是什么人？  □ might as well   expressing that it is probably at least as desirable to do a thing as not to do it 倒不如；(满)可以  finished the work and decided they might as well go to lunch  做完工作后决定还是去吃午饭的好 won't win but might as well try  虽不能胜，但试一下也无妨

might2 /mait/ n.  1  great bodily or mental strength 力量；威力；能力 2  power to enforce one's will (usu. in contrast with right 通常与 right 对照) 强权；势力；权势 □ with all one's might   to the utmost of one's power 竭尽全力□ with might and main   see 见 MAIN1  [Old English miht, mieht from Germanic: related to MAY]

might-have-been n. colloq. [口]  1  a past possibility that no longer applies 本应发生的事；未遂人心愿的事 2  a person who could have been more eminent 本该更伟大的人

mightn't /ˈmait(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  might not 

mighty /ˈmaiti/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (mightier, mightiest)  1  powerful or strong, in body, mind, or influence 强大的；强壮的；强有力的；有影响力的 2  massive, bulky 巨大的；浩大的 3 colloq.  great, considerable [口]伟大的；超群的；重大的 ●adv. colloq.  very [口]非常；很；极  a mighty difficult task  非常难做的工作 □ mightily  adv.  □ mightiness  n.   [Old English mihtig (as MIGHT2)]

mignonette /minjəˈnet/ n.  1  a  any of various plants of the genus Reseda, esp. R. odorata, with fragrant grey-green flowers 木犀草属植物(尤指木犀草)b  the colour of these 黄绿色；灰绿色 2  a light fine narrow pillow lace 精致梭结花边 [French mignonnette, diminutive of mignon ‘small’]

migraine /ˈmi:ɡrein, ˈmai-/ n.  a recurrent throbbing headache that usually affects one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea and disturbance of vision 偏头痛；偏头风 □ migrainous  adj.   [originally referring to a headache confined to one side of the head: French via Late Latin hemicrania from Greek hēmikrania (as HEMI-, CRANIUM)]

migrant /ˈmaiɡr(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that migrates 迁移的；移居的 ●n.  a migrant person or animal, esp. a bird 移居者；迁移动物(尤指候鸟)

migrate /maiˈɡreit, ˈmaiɡreit/ v. intr.  1 (of people) move from one place of abode to another, esp. in a different country (人)移居；迁移(尤指移居国外) 2 (of an animal, esp. a bird or fish) change its area of habitation with the seasons (动物，尤指鸟或鱼)移栖；洄游 3  move under natural forces 移动；徙动 □ migration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ migrational  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ migrator  n.  □ migratory  /ˈmaiɡrət(ə)ri, maiˈɡreit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin migrare migrat-]

mihrab /ˈmi:rɑ:b/ n.  a niche or slab in a mosque, used to show the direction of Mecca 米哈拉布(用以指示麦加方向的壁龛或板条) [Arabic mihrɑˉb ‘praying-place’]

mikado /miˈkɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) hist.  the emperor of Japan [史义]日本天皇 [Japanese, from mi ‘august’ + kado ‘gate’]

Mike /maik/ n. slang [俚语]   □ for the love of Mike   an exclamation of entreaty or dismay (表示恳求、沮丧的惊叹语)看在上帝的面上 [abbreviation of the name Michael]

mike1 /maik/ n. colloq.  a microphone [口]麦克风 [abbreviation]

mike2 /maik/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. intr.  shirk work; idle 逃避工作；偷懒 ●n.  an act of shirking 逃避工作；偷懒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

mil /mil/ n.  one-thousandth of an inch, as a unit of measure for the diameter of wire etc. 密耳(测量金属线直径的单位，等于千分之一英寸) [Latin millesimum ‘thousandth’ from mille ‘thousand’]

milady /miˈleidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an English noblewoman or great lady (英国)贵妇人；上流女人 2  a form used in speaking of or to such a person 太太，夫人 [French from English my lady: cf. MILORD]

milage var.  of MILEAGE  MILEAGE 的变体

Milan /miˈlæn/ n.  米兰 [意大利城市]

Milanese /miləˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Milan in N. Italy (有关)米兰的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a native of Milan 米兰人

Milanese silk n.  a finely woven silk or rayon 米兰经编绸(或人造丝)

milch /miltʃ/ adj. (of a domestic mammal) giving or kept for milk (家畜)产奶的；为产奶而饲养的 [Middle English, representing the second syllable of Old English thrimilce ‘May’ (when cows could be milked three times a day), from the Germanic base of MILK]

milch cow n.  a source of easy profit, esp. a person 财源；摇钱树(尤指人)

mild /maild/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. of a person) gentle and conciliatory (尤指人)性情温和的 2 (of a rule, punishment, illness, feeling, etc.) moderate; not severe (规则、惩罚、疾病、感情等)轻微的；宽大的；不严重的 3 (of the weather, esp. in winter) moderately warm (天气，尤指冬天)温暖的；暖和的 4 (of food, tobacco, etc.) not sharp or strong in taste etc. (食物、烟草等)味淡的(适口的等) 5 (of medicine) operating gently (药物)平和的 6  tame, feeble; lacking energy or vivacity 驯服的；微弱的；没劲的；无精打采的 ●n. Brit.  beer not strongly flavoured with hops (cf. 参见 BITTER n. 1) [英]淡味啤酒 □ milden  v. tr. & intr.  □ mildish  adj.  □ mildness  n.   [Old English milde, from Germanic]

mildew /ˈmildju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a destructive growth of minute fungi on plants 霉病 2  a similar growth on paper, leather, etc. exposed to damp (纸张、皮革等上的)霉 ●v. tr. & intr.  taint or be tainted with mildew (使)发霉(由霉菌引起) □ mildewy  adj.   [Old English mildēaw, from Germanic]

mildly /ˈmaildli/ adv.  in a mild fashion 温和地；适度地 □ to put it mildly   as an understatement (implying the reality is more extreme) 说得婉转些

mild-mannered adj.  = MILDadj. 1 

Mildred /ˈmildrid/   米尔德里德 [人名]

mild steel n.  steel containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and tough but not readily tempered 软钢；低碳钢

mile /mail/ n.  1 (also 亦作 statute mile)  a unit of linear measure equal to 1,760 yards (approx. 1.609 kilometres) 英里(长度测量单位，等于 1760 码，约等于 1.609 公里) 2 hist.  a Roman measure of 1,000 paces (approx. 1,620 yards) [史义]古罗马英里(测 1,000 步，约合 1,620 码) 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a great distance or amount [口]很大的距离(或量)  miles better  好得多 beat them by miles  远远胜过他们 4  a race extending over a mile 一英里赛跑；一英里赛马 □ miles away  colloq.  lost in thought; preoccupied [口]心不在焉；心事重重 [Old English mīl, ultimately from Latin mil(l)ia, pl. of mille ‘thousand’ (see sense 2)]

mileage /ˈmailidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 milage)  1  a  a number of miles travelled, used, etc. (行驶、耗费等的)英里数；英里里程b  the number of miles travelled by a vehicle per unit of fuel 单位燃料所行驶的英里里程 2  travelling expenses (per mile) (以英里计的)旅费 3 colloq.  benefit, profit, advantage [口]利益；好处；优点

milepost /ˈmailpəʊst/ n.  1  a post one mile from the finishing post of a race etc. (赛马等在距离终点只剩 1 英里时放置的)里程标 2 esp. N. Amer. & Austral. [尤北美澳]  = MILESTONE 

miler /ˈmailə/ n. colloq.  a person or horse qualified or trained specially to run a mile [口]一英里赛跑运动员；参加一英里赛跑的马

Miles /mailz/   迈尔斯 [人名]

milestone /ˈmailstəʊn/ n.  1  a stone set up beside a road to mark a distance in miles 里程标；里程碑 2  a significant event or stage in a life, history, project, etc. (人生、历史、事业等的)里程碑；重大事件；转折点

milfoil /ˈmilfɔil/ n.  1  the common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, with small white flowers and finely divided leaves 欧蓍草；蓍属植物 2 (in full 全称 water milfoil)  an aquatic plant of the genus Myriophyllum with whorls of fine leaves 狐尾藻属植物；水芪草 [Middle English via Old French from Latin millefolium, from mille ‘thousand’ + folium ‘leaf’, suggested by Greek muriophullon]

miliary /ˈmiliəri/ adj.  1  like a millet seed in size or form 粟粒状的 2 (of a disease) having as a symptom a rash with lesions resembling millet seed (疾病症状)粟粒状的；粟粒性的；伴有粟粒疹的 [Latin miliarius from milium ‘millet’]

milieu /ˈmi:ljɜ:, miˈljɜ:/ n. (pl. milieux or milieus /-ljɜ:z/)  one's environment or social surroundings 周围环境；社会背景 [French, from mi MID- + lieu ‘place’]

militant /ˈmilit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  combative; aggressively active esp. in support of a (usu. political) cause 好战的；好斗的；(通常指政治上)激进的 2  engaged in warfare 战斗的 ●n.  a militant person, esp. a political activist 好斗分子；富有战斗性的人；(尤指政治上的)激进分子 □ militancy  n.  □ militantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as MILITATE)]

militaria /miliˈtɛəriə/ n. pl.  military articles of historical interest (具有历史意义的)军用物品 [MILITARY + -IA2]

militarism /ˈmilit(ə)riz(ə)m/ n.  1  the spirit or tendencies of a professional soldier 尚武精神；好战态度 2  undue prevalence of the military spirit or ideals 军国主义；穷兵黩武主义 □ militaristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ militaristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.   [French militarisme (as MILITARY)]

militarist /ˈmilit(ə)rist/ n.  1  a person dominated by militaristic ideas 军国主义者；穷兵黩武者 2  a student of military science 军事科学学生

militarize /ˈmilit(ə)raiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  equip with military resources (用军事资源)装备 2  make military or warlike 使军事化；使好战 3  imbue with militarism 使军国主义化；对…灌输军国主义思想 □ militarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

military /ˈmilit(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of soldiers or armed forces (有关)军事的；(有关)军用的；(有关)武装力量的； (有关)军人(队)的 ●n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  members of the armed forces, as distinct from civilians and the police (总称)军人(有别于平民及警察) □ militarily  adv.  □ militariness  n.   [French militaire or Latin militaris from miles militis ‘soldier’]

military honours n. pl.  marks of respect paid by troops at the burial of a soldier, to royalty, etc. (给士兵、王族等的)军葬礼

military police n. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  a corps responsible for police and disciplinary duties in the army 宪兵队 □ military policeman  n.  

military tribune  see 见 TRIBUNE1 2b 

militate /ˈmiliteit/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against) (of facts or evidence) have force or effect (事实或证据)发生作用；产生影响  what you say militates against our opinion  你所说的对我们的观点不利 [Latin militare militat- from miles militis ‘soldier’]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse militate ‘have force or effect’ with mitigate ‘make less intense or severe’. Both words are illustrated by the sentence.The heavy rains militated against their attempts to mitigate the problem of flooding. 要十分注意不要混淆 militate (发生作用或产生影响)和 mitigate (使缓合，使温和)。这两个词的意思通过下面句子说明 : The heavy rains militated against their attempts to mitigate the problem of flooding 大雨不利于他们平息洪水的打算。 

militia /miˈliʃə/ n.  a military force, esp. one raised from the civil population and supplementing a regular army in an emergency (尤指来自民众的)民兵组织；全体民兵 [Latin, = military service, from miles militis ‘soldier’]

militiaman /miˈliʃəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a militia 民兵

milk /milk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an opaque white fluid secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their young 奶 2  the milk of cows, goats, or sheep as food 牛奶；羊奶 3  the milklike juice of plants, e.g. in the coconut 乳状物；(植物的)乳液(如椰子汁) 4  a milklike preparation of herbs, drugs, etc. (药草、药物等的)乳剂 ●v. tr.  1  draw milk from (a cow, ewe, goat, etc.) 挤(牛、母羊、山羊等的)奶；挤奶 2  a  exploit (a person) esp. financially 榨取，勒索(某人) (尤指从经济上)b  get all possible advantage from (a situation) 利用(形势)而自肥 3  extract sap, venom, etc. from 从…抽取树液(毒液等) 4 Brit. slang  tap (telegraph or telephone wires etc.) [英] [俚语]在(电报或电话等线路)上窃听 □ cry over spilt (or US [美] spilled) milk   lament an irremediable loss or error 作无益的后悔；为无可挽回的事忧伤□ in milk   secreting milk 在出奶期中 [Old English milc, milcian, from Germanic]

milk and honey n.  abundance, prosperity 丰富；繁荣

milk and water n. & adj. ●n.  a feeble or insipid or mawkish discourse or sentiment 淡而无味；乏味；软弱无力；无生气 ●attrib. adj. (作 milk-and-water)  feeble, insipid 淡而无味的；乏味的

milk bar n.  a snack bar selling milk drinks and other refreshments (售奶品的)小吃店；奶品柜台

milk chocolate n.  chocolate for eating, made with milk 奶油巧克力

milker /ˈmilkə/ n.  1  an animal, esp. a cow, yielding milk or kept for milking 产乳动物(尤指乳牛) 2  a person who, or a machine which, milks cows 挤奶工；挤奶者；挤奶机

milk fever n.  1  an acute illness in female cows, goats, etc. that have just produced young, caused by calcium deficiency (乳牛、奶羊等患的)产褥热 2 Med.  a fever in women caused by infection after childbirth (formerly supposed to be due to the swelling of the breasts with milk) 【医】乳热；轻性产褥热(以前认为系奶水发胀引起)

milk float n. Brit.  a small usu. electric vehicle used in delivering milk [英]送奶车(通常为电动车)

milk-leg n.  a painful swelling, esp. of the legs, after childbirth (产妇产后的)股白肿(尤指两腿)

milk-loaf n. Brit.  a loaf of bread made with milk [英]乳制面包

milkmaid /ˈmilkmeid/ n.  a girl or woman who milks cows or works in a dairy 挤奶女工；牛奶场女工

milkman /ˈmilkmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who sells or delivers milk 卖牛奶的人；送牛奶的人

milk of human kindness n.  kindness regarded as natural to humanity 人之初，性本善；人之天性善良

Milk of Magnesia n. Brit. propr.  a white suspension of hydrated magnesium carbonate usu. in water as an antacid or laxative [英] [商标] (通常水质)氧化镁乳剂；镁乳

milk of sulphur n.  the amorphous powder of sulphur formed by precipitation 硫磺乳；乳(粒)硫

milk powder n.  milk dehydrated by evaporation 奶粉

milk pudding n. Brit.  a pudding of rice, sago, tapioca, etc., baked with milk in a dish [英] (由米、西米、木薯淀粉等制成的)牛奶布丁

milk round n.  1  a fixed route on which milk is delivered regularly 送奶固定线路 2  a regular trip or tour involving calls at several places 固定访问线路

milk run n.  a routine expedition or service journey 例行任务

milk shake n.  a drink of milk, flavouring, etc., mixed by shaking or whisking 奶昔(经搅拌、加香料等的牛奶饮品)

milksop /ˈmilksɒp/ n.  a spiritless man or youth 懦弱的男子(或青年)

milk sugar n.  lactose 乳糖

milk tooth n.  a temporary tooth in young mammals 乳牙；乳齿

milk train n.  a train chiefly transporting milk, usu. very early in the morning (通常凌晨的)运奶火车

milk-vetch n.  a leguminous plant of the large genus Astragalus 黄芪属植物

milkweed /ˈmilkwi:d/ n.  any of various plants with milky sap, esp. a poisonous N. American plant of the genus Asclepias (尤指北美有毒的)马利筋属植物

milk white n. & adj. ●n.  a white colour like that of milk 乳白色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 乳白色的

milkwort /ˈmilkwɜ:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Polygala, formerly supposed to increase women's milk 远志属植物

milky /ˈmilki/ adj. (milkier, milkiest)  1  of, like, or mixed with milk 乳的；乳状的；掺奶的 2 (of a gem or liquid) cloudy; not clear (宝石或液体)浑浊的；不透明的 3  effeminate; weakly amiable 懦弱的；温顺的；胆怯的 □ milkiness  n.  

Milky Way n.  a faint band of light crossing the night sky, made up of many distant stars forming the bulk of our Galaxy 银河

mill1 /mil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a building fitted with a mechanical apparatus for grinding corn 磨房；磨粉厂b  such an apparatus 磨 2  an apparatus for grinding any solid substance to powder or pulp 碾磨机；磨粉机  pepper mill  手碾胡椒磨 3  a  a building fitted with machinery for manufacturing processes etc. 材料加工厂(工场等)  cotton mill  棉纺厂b  such machinery 加工机械 4  a  a boxing match 拳击赛b  a fist fight 拳斗 ●v.  1 tr.  process in a mill, esp. grind (corn), produce (flour), or hull (seeds) in a mill 磨；碾(尤指碾谷、磨面、脱粒) 2 tr.  produce regular ribbed markings on the edge of (a coin) 轧出(硬币的)凸缘 3 tr.  cut or shape (metal) with a rotating tool 刻制(金属)；碾压(金属) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around) (of people or animals) move in an aimless manner, esp. in a confused mass (人或动物)无目的地乱转(尤指在混乱的人群中) 5 tr.  thicken (cloth etc.) by fulling (缩绒)使(织物等)紧密 6 tr.  beat (chocolate etc.) to froth (搅打巧克力等)使起泡 7 tr. slang  beat, strike, fight [俚语]用拳打 □ go (or put) through the mill   undergo (or cause to undergo) intensive work or training etc. (使)经受磨炼；饱尝辛酸；通过严格的训练□ millable  adj.   [Old English mylen, ultimately from Late Latin molinum via Latin mola ‘grindstone, mill’ from molere ‘grind’]

mill2 /mil/ n. N. Amer.  one-thousandth of a dollar as money of account [北美]密尔；厘(千分之一美元，作记账货币) [Latin millesimum ‘thousandth’: cf. CENT]

millboard /ˈmilbɔ:d/ n.  stout pasteboard for bookbinding etc. (装订等用的)厚纸板

mill-dam n.  a dam put across a stream to make it usable by a mill 磨房水坝

millefeuille /mi:lˈfɜ:j, 法 milfœj/ n.  a rich confection of puff pastry split and filled with jam, cream, etc. (带有果酱、奶油等的)油酥千层糕 [French, = thousand-leaf]

millenarian /miliˈnɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or related to the millennium (有关)千年的；(有关)一千的 2  believing in the millennium 千禧年的；千年王国的 ●n.  a person who believes in the millennium 千禧年的信徒；千年王国的信徒 □ millenarianism  n.   [as MILLENARY]

millenary /miˈlenəri, ˈmilinəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a period of 1,000 years 千年 2  the festival of the 1,000th anniversary of a person or thing (某人)千周年纪念日；(某事)千周年庆祝活动 3  = MILLENARIANn.  ●adj.  of or relating to a millenary (有关)千年的；(有关)千禧年的 [Late Latin millenarius ‘consisting of a thousand’ from milleni, distributive of mille ‘thousand’]

millennium /miˈleniəm/ n. (pl. millenniums or millennia /-niə/)  1  a period of 1,000 years 千年期； 1,000 年 2 Theol.  the prophesied 1,000-year reign of Christ in person (Rev. 20:1 － 5) 【神】千禧年(预言中的基督复临治理世界的 1,000 年) 3  a period of good government, great happiness, and prosperity 太平盛世；黄金时代 □ millennial  adj.  □ millenialism  n.  □ millennialist  n. & adj.   [modern Latin from Latin mille ‘thousand’, on the pattern of BIENNIUM]

millepede var.  of MILLIPEDE  MILLIPEDE 的变体

millepore /ˈmilipɔ:/ n.  a reef-building coral of the order Milleporina, with polyps protruding through pores in the calcareous exoskeleton 千孔虫；多孔螅 [French millépore or modern Latin millepora, from Latin mille ‘thousand’ + porus PORE1]

miller /ˈmilə/ n.  1  the proprietor or tenant of a corn mill 玉米磨房主；玉米磨房经营人 2  a person who works or owns a mill 磨房工；磨房主 [Middle English mylnere, probably via Middle Low German, Middle Dutch molner, mulner, Old Saxon mulineri from Late Latin molinarius, from molina MILL1, assimilated to MILL1]

miller's thumb n.  a small spiny freshwater fish, Cottus gobio, with a large head Also called 亦称作 BULLHEAD 杜父鱼

millesimal /miˈlesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  thousandth 第 1,000(个)的 2  of or belonging to a thousandth (属于)千分之一的 3  of or dealing with thousandths (涉及)千分的 ●n.  a thousandth part 千分之一 □ millesimally  adv.   [Latin millesimus from mille ‘thousand’]

millet /ˈmilit/ n.  1  any of various cereal plants, esp. Panicum miliaceum, bearing a large crop of small nutritious seeds 黍；稷(尤指扫帚黍) 2  the seed of this 小米；黍的子实 [Middle English from French, diminutive of mil, from Latin milium]

millet-grass n.  a tall woodland grass, Milium effusum 粟草(生长于林地的长草)

millhand /ˈmilhænd/ n.  a worker in a mill or factory 磨房工人；工厂工人

milli- /ˈmili/ comb. form  a thousand, esp. denoting a factor of one-thousandth (abbr. 缩略 : m) [构词成分]千；(尤表示)千分之一 [Latin mille ‘thousand’]

milliammeter /miliˈæmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring electrical current in milliamperes 毫安(培)计

milliamp /ˈmiliæmp/ n. colloq. [口]  = MILLIAMPERE  [abbreviation]

milliampere /miliˈæmpɛə/ n.  one-thousandth of an ampere, a measure for small electrical currents 毫安(培)

milliard /ˈmiliɑ:d/ n. Brit.  one thousand million [英] 10 亿 [French, from mille ‘thousand’]■Usage 用法说明 The term milliard has been largely superseded by billion. 数词 milliard (10 亿)已基本上被 billion (10 亿)取代。 

millibar /ˈmilibɑ:/ n.  one-thousandth of a bar, the cgs unit of atmospheric pressure equivalent to 100 pascals 毫巴

Millicent /ˈmilisnt/   米利森特 [人名]

Millie /ˈmili/   米利 [人名]

milligram /ˈmiliɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 milligramme)  one-thousandth of a gram 毫克

millilitre /ˈmilili:tə/ n. (US [美] milliliter)  one-thousandth of a litre (0.002 pint) 毫升(等于 0.002 品脱)

millimetre /ˈmilimi:tə/ n. (US [美] millimeter)  one-thousandth of a metre (0.039 in.) 毫米(等于 0.039 英寸)

milliner /ˈmilinə/ n.  a person who makes or sells women's hats 女帽制造(或销售)者 □ millinery  n.   [originally = vendor of fancy goods from Milan]

million /ˈmiljən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or (in sense 2 用于释义 2) millions) (in sing. 用单数 prec. by 前接 a or one)  1  a thousand thousand (1,000,000) 百万 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a very large number [口]许多；无数  millions of years  千百万年 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  the bulk of the population 大众；群众 4  a Brit.  a million pounds [英]百万英镑b N. Amer.  a million dollars [北美]百万美元 ●adj.  that amount to a million 百万的 □ gone a million  Austral. slang  completely defeated [澳] [俚语]完蛋；垮掉□ millionfold  adj. & adv.  □ millionth  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Old French, probably from Italian millione, from mille ‘thousand’ + augmentative suffix -one]

millionaire /miljəˈnɛə/ n. (fem. millionairess /-ris/)  1  a person whose assets are worth at least one million pounds, dollars, etc. (至少拥有 100 万英镑、美元等的)百万富翁 2  a person of great wealth 巨富 [French millionnaire (as MILLION)]

millipede /ˈmilipi:d/ n. (also 亦作 millepede)  any arthropod of the class Diplopoda, having a long segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment 倍足(亚)纲节肢动物 [Latin millepeda ‘woodlouse’, from mille ‘thousand’ + pes pedis ‘foot’]

millisecond /ˈmilisek(ə)nd/ n.  one-thousandth of a second 毫秒

millivolt /ˈmilivəʊlt, -vɒlt/ n.  one-thousandth of a volt 毫伏(特)

millpond /ˈmilpɒnd/ n.  a pool of water retained by a mill-dam for the operation of a mill 磨房贮水池 □ like a millpond  (of a stretch of water) very calm (水面)风平浪静；水平如镜

mill-race n.  a current of water that drives a mill-wheel (推动水车的)水流

Mills bomb /milz/ n.  an oval hand grenade 米尔斯式(卵形)手榴弹 [invented by Sir W. Mills (d. 1932), English engineer]

millstone /ˈmilstəʊn/ n.  1  each of two circular stones used for grinding corn 磨石；磨盘 2  a heavy burden or responsibility (cf. 参见 Matt. 18:6) 重负；重担

millstream /ˈmilstri:m/ n.  = MILL-RACE 

mill-wheel n.  a wheel used to drive a watermill (磨房的)水车轮

millworker /ˈmilwɜ:kə/ n.  a factory worker 工厂工人

millwright /ˈmilrait/ n.  a person who designs or builds mills 磨房设计者；磨房建筑者

Milly /ˈmili/   米利 [人名]

milometer /maiˈlɒmitə/ n. Brit.  an instrument for measuring the number of miles travelled by a vehicle [英]计程器；路码表

milord /miˈlɔ:d/ n. hist.  an Englishman travelling in Europe in aristocratic style [史义] (周游欧洲的)英国绅士 [French from English my lord: cf. MILADY]

milt /milt/ n.  1  the spleen in mammals (哺乳动物的)脾 2  an analogous organ in other vertebrates (其他脊椎动物)类似脾的器官 3  a  a sperm-filled reproductive gland of a male fish (充满精液的)雄鱼生殖腺b  the semen of a male fish 雄鱼精液 [Old English milt(e) from Germanic, perhaps related to MELT]

milter /ˈmiltə/ n.  a male fish in spawning-time (繁殖期的)雄鱼

mimbar /ˈmimbɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 minbar /ˈmin-/)  a stepped platform for preaching in a mosque (清真寺里的)宣教台；敏拜尔 [Arabic minbar]

mime /maim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the theatrical technique of suggesting action, character, etc. by gesture and expression without using words (用形体语言表示动作、性格等的)哑剧表演艺术 2  a theatrical performance using this technique 哑剧 3 Gk & Rom. Antiq.  a simple farcical drama including mimicry [古希腊] [古罗马] (模拟真人真事的)滑稽剧 4 (also 亦作 mime artist)  a practitioner of mime 哑剧(滑稽剧)演员 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  convey (an idea or emotion) by gesture without words 用哑剧表演(想法、感情) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of singers etc.) mouth the words of a song etc. along with a soundtrack (歌手等) (配合本人歌曲等的录音)作模拟动作  mime to a record  配合录音做模拟动作 □ mimer  n.   [Latin mimus from Greek mimos]

mimeograph /ˈmimiəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a duplicating machine which produces copies from a stencil 蜡纸油印机 2  a copy produced in this way 蜡纸油印件 ●v. tr.  reproduce (text or diagrams) by this process 油印(正文或图表) [formed irregularly from Greek mimeomai ‘imitate’: see -GRAPH]

mimesis /miˈmi:sis, mai-/ n. Biol. 【生】  = MIMICRY 3  [Greek mimēsis from mimeisthai ‘to imitate’]

mimetic /miˈmetik, mai-/ adj.  1  relating to or habitually practising imitation or mimicry (有关)模仿的；(有关)模拟的；好模仿的 2 Biol.  of or exhibiting mimicry 【生】(表现为)拟态的 □ mimetically  adv.   [Greek mimētikos ‘imitation’ (as MIMESIS)]

mimic /ˈmimik/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. (mimicked, mimicking)  1  imitate (a person, gesture, etc.) esp. to entertain or ridicule (尤指为娱乐或嘲弄)模仿(某人、动作等) 2  copy minutely or servilely (细致地)摹拟 3 (of a thing) resemble closely (某物)酷似 ●n.  a person skilled in imitation 善于模仿者 ●adj.  having an aptitude for mimicry; imitating; imitative of a thing, esp. for amusement (尤指为娱乐)好模仿的；模仿的；模拟的 □ mimicker  n.   [Latin mimicus from Greek mimikos (as MIME)]

mimicry /ˈmimikri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or art of mimicking 模仿；模拟；模写 2  a thing that mimics another 模拟品 3 Biol.  a close external resemblance of an animal (or part of one) to another animal or to a plant or inanimate object; a similar resemblance in a plant See also 另见 BATESIAN MIMICRY, MüLLERIAN MIMICRY 【生】(动物外形或其中一部分的)拟态

miminy-piminy /ˌmiminiˈpimini/ adj.  over-refined, finicky (cf. 参见 NIMINY-PIMINY, NAMBY-PAMBY) 过份琢磨的；难讨好的；爱挑剔的 [imitative]

mimosa /miˈməʊzə, -sə/ n.  1  any leguminous shrub of the genus Mimosa, esp. M. pudica, having globular usu. yellow flowers and sensitive leaflets which droop when touched 含羞草属植物(尤指含羞草) 2  any of various acacia plants with showy yellow flowers 金合欢树属植物 [modern Latin, apparently from Latin (as MIME, from its ‘imitating’ the sensitivity of animals) + fem. suffix -osa]

mimulus /ˈmimjʊləs/ n.  any flowering plant of the genus Mimulus, including musk and the monkey flower 沟酸浆属植物(包括香沟酸浆及沟酸浆) [modern Latin, apparently diminutive of Latin (as MIME, perhaps with reference to its masklike flowers)]

Min /min/ n.  any of the Chinese languages or dialects spoken in the Fukien province in SE China (中国)闽语；福建话 [Chinese]

Min. abbr. [缩略]  1  Minister  2  Ministry 

min. abbr. [缩略]  1  minute(s)  2  minimum  3  minim (fluid measure) 

mina var.  of MYNAH  MYNAH 的变体

minaret /ˈminəret, minəˈret/ n.  a slender turret connected with a mosque and having a balcony from which the muezzin calls at hours of prayer (清真寺旁)光塔，宣礼塔 □ minareted  adj.   [French minaret or Spanish minarete via Turkish minare from Arabic manɑˉr(a) ‘lighthouse, minaret’, from nɑˉr ‘fire, light’]

minatory /ˈminət(ə)ri/ adj.  threatening, menacing 威吓的；威胁性的 [Late Latin minatorius from minari minat- ‘threaten’]

minbar var.  of MIMBAR  MIMBAR 的变体

mince /mins/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  cut up or grind (esp. meat) into very small pieces 切碎；剁碎；切细(尤指肉) 2 tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  restrain (one's words etc.) within the bounds of politeness 装作斯文地说(话等) 3 intr. (usu. as 通常作 mincing adj.)  speak or walk with an affected delicacy 装腔作势地说话；假斯文地迈着小步走 ●n. esp. Brit.  minced meat [尤英]切碎的肉 □ mince matters  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  use polite expressions etc. 说话婉转(遮遮掩掩地说等)□ mincer  n.  □ mincingly  adv. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)   [Middle English from Old French mincier, ultimately from Latin (as MINUTIA)]

mincemeat /ˈminsmi:t/ n.  a mixture of currants, raisins, sugar, apples, candied peel, spices, and often suet 甜馅 □ make mincemeat of   utterly defeat (a person, argument, etc.) 揍扁；打烂；彻底击溃(某人、某种论据等)

mince pie n.  a usu. small round pie containing mincemeat (通常小圆形)肉馅饼；甜馅饼

mind /maind/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the seat of awareness, thought, volition, and feeling 头脑b  attention, concentration 注意力  my mind keeps wandering  我的注意力不集中 2  the intellect; intellectual powers 知识；智力 3  remembrance, memory 记性，记忆  it went out of my mind  我忘得一干二净 I can't call it to mind  我记不起来了 4  one's opinion 想法；意见  we're of the same mind  我们的看法一致 5  a way of thinking or feeling 思潮；情绪  shocking to the Victorian mind  震动了具有维多利亚思维方式的人 6  the focus of one's thoughts or desires 心思  put one's mind to it  对此专心致志 7  the state of normal mental functioning 理智；健全的心智  lose one's mind  发狂 in one's right mind  头脑清醒 8  a person as embodying mental faculties 有才智的人  a great mind  才华横溢的人 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定词或疑问词连用)  object to 介意；反对  do you mind if I smoke?  我抽烟你介意吗？ I don't mind your being late  我不在意你迟到 2  a  remember; take care to 记得；务必  mind you come on time  记着你要按时来b (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Brit.  take care; be careful [英]注意；留心 3  have charge of temporarily 照料；照看；看管  mind the house while I'm away  我不在时，你照顾一下房子 4  apply oneself to, concern oneself with (business, affairs, etc.) 致力于，专心于(买卖、事务等)  I try to mind my own business  我试图不管闲事 5  give heed to; notice 小心；当心  mind the step  小心台阶 don't mind the expense  不要考虑费用 mind how you go  当心走好 6 N. Amer. & Ir.  be obedient to [北美和爱尔兰]服从；听从  mind what your mother says  听你妈妈的话 □ be in (or esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] of) two minds   be undecided 三心二意；拿不定主意；犹豫不决□ cast one's mind back   think back; recall an earlier time 回忆；回顾往事□ come into a person's mind   be remembered 记起；想起□ come (or spring) to mind  (of a thought, idea, etc.) suggest itself (思想、想法等)浮现在脑海□ don't mind me  often iron.  do as you please [常讽]你想怎么做就怎么做吧□ do you mind!  iron.  an expression of annoyance [讽]别这样做！ (表示恼怒用语)□ give a person a piece of one's mind   scold or reproach a person 责怪；训斥□ have a good (or great or half a) mind to  (often as a threat, usu. unfulfilled 常作威胁语，通常未实施威胁)  feel tempted to 有意向(做)；有意愿(做)  I've a good mind to report you  我真想告发你□ have (it) in mind   intend 打算□ have a mind of one's own   be capable of independent opinion or action 有自己的看法；能独立思考□ have on one's mind   be troubled by the thought of 把…挂在心上□ in one's mind's eye   in one's imagination or mental view 在心眼中；在头脑的想像中□ mind out for  Brit.  guard against, avoid [英]警惕；防范；避免□ mind over matter   the power of the mind asserted over the physical universe 精神胜于物质□ mind one's Ps & Qs   be careful in one's behaviour 注意礼貌；谨言慎行□ mind the shop   have charge of affairs temporarily 值班；临时照看□ mind you   an expression used to qualify a previous statement 请听清楚；请注意  I found it quite quickly; mind you, it wasn't easy  我很快就发现了它，听清楚了，这可不容易□ mind your back (or backs)  colloq.  an expression to indicate that a person wants to get past [口]请让开路□ never mind   1  an expression used to comfort or console 不要紧；没关系 2 (also 亦作 never you mind)  an expression used to evade a question 不关你的事(回避回答问题)□ open (or close) one's mind to   be receptive (or unreceptive) to (changes, new ideas, etc.) 愿意考虑(或不考虑)，愿意接受(或不接受) (变化、新思想等)□ out of one's mind   insane 精神错乱□ put a person in mind of   remind a person of 提醒某人；使某人想起□ put (or set) a person's mind at rest   reassure a person 使人放心；使人安心□ put a person or thing out of one's mind   deliberately forget 使忘掉；使抛之脑后□ read a person's mind   discern a person's thoughts 看出某人的心思□ spring to mind   = come to mind □ to my mind   in my opinion 我认为 [Old English gemynd, from Germanic]

Mindanao /ˌmindəˈnau/ n.  棉兰老岛 [菲律宾]

mind-bending adj. colloq. (esp. of a psychedelic drug) influencing or altering one's state of mind [口] (尤指迷幻药)影响(或改变)心态的

mind-blowing adj. slang [俚语]  1  confusing, shattering 使错乱的；使心烦意乱的 2 (esp. of drugs etc.) inducing hallucinations (尤指麻醉药物等)使人产生幻觉的

mind-boggling adj.colloq.  overwhelming, startling [口]令人难以想像的；十分惊人的

minded /ˈmaindid/ adj.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  inclined to think in some specified way 有…头脑的；有…思想的  mathematically minded  有数学头脑的 fair-minded  无偏见的b  having a specified kind of mind 具有…观念(思想)的  high-minded  情操高尚的c  interested in or enthusiastic about a specified thing 对…有兴趣的；对…有热情的  car-minded  汽车迷的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  disposed or inclined (to an action) (对某行动)有意的，有倾向性的

minder /ˈmaində/ n.  1  a  a person whose job it is to attend to a person or thing 看管(照料)人员b (in comb. 用于复合词 : childminder 照看孩子者 ; machine-minder 看管机器者)   2 esp. Brit. slang  a bodyguard employed to protect a criminal, celebrity, etc. [尤英] [俚语]受雇保护罪犯(名人等)的人

mind-expanding adj.  giving a sense of heightened or broader awareness (毒品)导致幻觉的

mindful /ˈmain(d)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  taking heed or care; being conscious 小心的；当心的；警觉的 □ mindfully  adv.  □ mindfulness  n.  

mindless /ˈmaindlis/ adj.  1  lacking intelligence; stupid 无知的；愚笨的 2  not requiring thought or skill 不用脑子的；不需技能的  totally mindless work  完全不需动脑子的工作 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  heedless of (advice etc.) (对劝告等)不注意的 □ mindlessly  adv.  □ mindlessness  n.  

mind-numbing adj. (esp. of tedium) that numbs the mind (尤因单调乏味)使脑子麻木的 □ mind-numbingly  adv.  

mind-read v. tr.  discern the thoughts of (another person) 看透(他人的)心思 □ mind-reader  n.  

mindset /ˈmain(d)set/ n.  a fixed opinion or state of mind formed by earlier events 思维定式

mine1 /main/ poss. pron. & poss. det. ●poss. pron.  the one or ones belonging to or associated with me (属于)我的(东西)  it is mine  它是我的 mine are over there  我的在那边 ●poss. det. (before a vowel 位于元音前) archaic [古义]  = MY mine eyes have seen  我亲眼看到 mine host  我的主人  □ of mine   of or belonging to me 我的；属于我的  a friend of mine  我的一位朋友 [Old English mīn, from Germanic]

mine2 /main/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an excavation in the earth for extracting metal, coal, salt, etc. (可开掘金属、煤、盐等的)矿山；矿井 2  an abundant source (of information etc.) (信息等的)库；源泉；宝库 3  a receptacle filled with explosive and placed in the ground or in the water for destroying enemy personnel, ships, etc. (摧毁敌方人员、舰艇等的)地雷；水雷 4  a  a subterranean gallery in which explosive is placed to blow up fortifications 地雷坑道b hist.  a subterranean passage under the wall of a besieged fortress [史义] (被包围的)城墙下坑道 ●v. tr.  1  obtain (metal, coal, etc.) from a mine 采掘(金属、煤等) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾], often foll. by 常后跟 for)  dig in (the earth etc.) for ore etc. 挖(地等)采矿等 3  a  dig or burrow in (usu. the earth) 挖(通常在地下)b  make (a hole, passage, etc.) underground 挖洞(坑道等) 4  lay explosive mines under or in 在…下(中)布雷 5  = UNDERMINE  □ mining  n.   [Middle English from Old French mine, miner, perhaps from Celtic]

mine-detector n.  an instrument for detecting the presence of military mines 探雷器

minefield /ˈmainfi:ld/ n.  1  an area planted with explosive mines 雷区 2  a subject or situation presenting unseen hazards 危险区域(或形势)

mine hunter n.  = MINESWEEPER 

minelayer /ˈmainleiə/ n.  a ship or aircraft for laying mines 布雷舰艇(或飞机)

miner /ˈmainə/ n.  1  a person who works in a mine 矿工 2  any burrowing insect or grub 潜叶虫 [Middle English from Old French minëor, minour (as MINE2)]

mineral /ˈmin(ə)r(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any of the species into which inorganic substances are classified 无机物 2  a substance obtained by mining 矿物 3 (often in pl. 常用复数) Brit.  an artificial mineral water or other effervescent drink [英]矿泉水；汽水 ●adj.  1  of or containing a mineral or minerals 矿物的；含矿物的 2  obtained by mining 开采得来的 [Middle English from Old French mineral or medieval Latin mineralis, from minera ‘ore’, from Old French miniere ‘mine’]

mineralize /ˈmin(ə)rəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 v. tr. & intr.  change wholly or partly into a mineral (使)矿化 2 v. tr.  impregnate (water etc.) with a mineral substance 使(水等)含矿物

mineralogy /minəˈrælədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of minerals 矿物学 □ mineralogical  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ mineralogist  n.  

mineral oil n.  petroleum or one of its distillation products 石油；矿物油

mineral water n.  1  water found in nature with some dissolved salts present 矿泉水 2  an artificial imitation of this, esp. soda water 软饮料(尤指汽水) 3 Brit.  any effervescent non-alcoholic drink [英]有气泡的无酒精饮料

mineral wax n.  a fossil resin, esp. ozocerite 矿物石蜡(尤指地蜡)

mineral wool n.  a wool-like substance made from inorganic material, used for packing etc. (用作包装等的)矿物棉；石纤维

miner's right n. Austral.  a licence to dig for gold etc. on private or public land [澳] (在私人或公共土地上采金等的)许可证

mine shaft n.  a shaft giving access to a mine 矿井；竖井

minestrone /miniˈstrəʊni/ n.  a soup containing vegetables, pasta, and beans (通心粉、蔬菜及豆子制成的)蔬菜浓汤 [Italian]

minesweeper /ˈmainswi:pə/ n.  a ship for clearing away floating and submarine mines 扫雷舰艇

minever var.  of MINIVER  MINIVER 的变体

mineworker /ˈmainwɜ:kə/ n.  a person who works in a mine, esp. a coal mine 矿工(尤指煤矿工人)

Ming /miŋ/ n.  1  the dynasty ruling China 1368 － 1644 (中国)明朝 2  Chinese porcelain made during the rule of this dynasty (中国)明代瓷器 [Chinese]

mingle /ˈmiŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  mix, blend 混合 □ mingle their etc. tears  literary  weep together [文学用语]对泣□ mingle with   go about among 结合；相交往 [Middle English, via obsolete meng from Old English mengan: related to AMONG]

mingy /ˈmin(d)ʒi/ adj. (mingier, mingiest) Brit. colloq.  mean, stingy [英口]吝啬的；小气的 □ mingily  adv.   [perhaps from MEAN2 and STINGY]

mini /ˈmini/ n. (pl. minis)  1 colloq.  a miniskirt, minidress, etc. [口]超短裙(超短连衣裙等) 2 (作 Mini) Brit. propr.  a make of small car [英] [商标]迷你(一种微型轿车品牌) [abbreviation]

mini- /ˈmini/ comb. form  miniature; very small or minor of its kind (minibus 小型公共汽车 ; mini-budget 小预算) [构词成分]小型的；微型的 [abbreviation of MINIATURE]

miniature /ˈminitʃə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  much smaller than normal 小于通常尺寸的 2  represented on a small scale 小模型的；小型的 ●n.  1  any object reduced in size 缩小的物品 2  a small-scale minutely finished portrait 缩图 3  this branch of painting 微型画；微型绘画术 4  a picture or decorated letters in an illuminated manuscript (彩色手稿本上的)彩饰；画饰 ●v. tr.  represent on a smaller scale 使缩影 □ in miniature   on a small scale 小规模的；小型的□ miniaturist  n. (in senses 2, 3 of n. 用于名词释义 2 和 3)   [Italian miniatura via medieval Latin from Latin miniare ‘rubricate, illuminate’ from minium ‘red lead, vermilion’]

miniature camera n.  a camera producing small negatives 小型照相机

miniaturize /ˈminitʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  produce in a smaller version; make small 使小型化；使微型化 □ miniaturization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

minibar /ˈminibɑ:/ n.  a selection of mainly alcoholic drinks placed in a hotel room for the use of guests and charged on the bill if used (旅馆房间里的)小吧台

minibus /ˈminibʌs/ n.  a small bus for about twelve passengers 微型客车，小型公共汽车

minicab /ˈminikæb/ n. Brit.  a car used as a taxi, but not licensed to ply for hire [英]微型出租车

minicomputer /ˈminikəmˌpju:tə/ n.  a computer of medium power, more than a microcomputer but less than a mainframe 小型计算机，袖珍电脑

minigolf /ˈminiɡɒlf/ n. Sport  a game in which a club is used to knock a small ball into a series of holes in a lawn 【运动】迷你高尔夫球运动

minikin /ˈminikin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  diminutive 小型的；微小的 2  affected, mincing 做作的；矫揉造作的 ●n.  a diminutive person or thing 侏儒；小东西 [obsolete Dutch minneken, from minne ‘love’ + -ken, -kijn -KIN]

minim /ˈminim/ n.  1 esp. Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of two crotchets or half a semibreve and represented by a hollow ring with a stem [尤英]【音】二分音符；二分休止符 2  one-sixtieth of a fluid drachm; about one drop of liquid 量滴；约一滴水的量 3  an object or portion of the smallest size or importance 极微小的东西；最不重要的东西 4  a single downstroke of the pen (书法)自上而下的一竖 [Middle English from Latin minimus ‘smallest’]

minima pl.  of MINIMUM  

minimal /ˈminim(ə)l/ adj.  1  very minute or slight 极微的；最小量的 2  being or related to a minimum (有关)最小的；(有关)最低限(度)的 3  the least possible in size, duration, etc. 尽可能少的(最短期限等的) 4  a Art  etc. characterized by the use of simple or primary forms or structures etc., often geometric or massive 【艺术】(形式、结构等)极简抽象艺术的  huge minimal forms in a few colours  用较少的色彩表现丰富的极简抽象艺术形式b Mus.  characterized by the repetition of short phrases 【音】重复短乐句的 □ minimally  adv. (in senses 1 － 3 用于释义 1 至 3)   [Latin minimus ‘smallest’]

minimalist /ˈminim(ə)list/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person advocating minor or moderate reform in politics (opp. 反义 MAXIMALIST) 最低纲领主义者 2  a person who advocates or practises minimal art or music (有关)极简抽象艺术倡导者 ●adj.  1  advocating moderate policies 最低纲领主义的 2  of or relating to minimal art or music (有关)极简抽象艺术的 □ minimalism  n.   [first used with reference to the Russian Mensheviks]

minimax /ˈminimæks/ n.  1 Math.  the lowest of a set of maximum values 【数】极小极大 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a  a strategy that minimizes the greatest risk to a participant in a game etc. 极大中的极小(在游戏等中采用使风险的极大值达到极小的策略)b  the theory that in a game with two players, a player's smallest possible maximum loss is equal to the same player's greatest possible minimum gain 极小化极大理论 [MINIMUM + MAXIMUM]

minimize /ˈminimaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  reduce to, or estimate at, the smallest possible amount or degree 使减少(或估计)到最低限度 2 tr.  estimate or represent at less than the true value or importance 把…估计过低；把…说成极不重要 3 intr.  attain a minimum value 达到最低值 □ minimization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ minimizer  n.  

minimum /ˈminiməm/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. minima /-mə/ or minimums)  the least possible or attainable amount 最低限度；最小量；最小数；最低点  reduced to a minimum  减少到最小值 ●adj.  that is a minimum 最低的；最小的 [Latin, neut. of minimus ‘least’]

minimum lending rate n. hist. (in the UK) the announced minimum percentage at which a central bank will discount bills (abolished in 1981) Cf. 参见 BASE RATE [史义] (英国)最低贷款利率(于 1981 年取消)

minimum wage n.  the lowest wage permitted by law or special agreement 法定最低限度工资

minion /ˈminjən/ n. derog.  1  a servile agent; a slave [贬]奴颜婢膝的仆从；奴才 2  a favourite servant, animal, etc. 宠儿(宠畜等) 3  a favourite of a sovereign etc. 宠臣(等) [French mignon, Old French mignot, of Gaulish origin]

minipill /ˈminipil/ n.  a contraceptive pill containing a progestogen only (not oestrogen) 口服避孕药(不含雌激素)

miniscule var.  of MINUSCULE  MINUSCULE 的变体

miniseries /ˈminiˌsiəriz/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a short series of television programmes on a common theme 电视连续短片

miniskirt /ˈminiskɜ:t/ n.  a very short skirt 迷你裙，超短裙

minister /ˈministə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often 常作 Minister) Brit.  a head of a government department [英]部长；大臣 2 (in full 全称 minister of religion)  a member of the clergy, esp. in the Presbyterian and Nonconformist Churches (尤指基督教长老会及非国教教会的)牧师 3  a diplomatic agent, usu. ranking below an ambassador (通常位于大使之下)公使；外交使节 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a person employed in the execution of (a purpose, will, etc.) (意愿、遗嘱等的)执行者  a minister of justice  司法执行者 5 (in full 全称 minister general)  the superior of some religious orders 教长 ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  render aid or service (to a person, cause, etc.) (对某人、事业等)给予援助；给予照顾 2 tr. archaic  furnish, supply, etc. [古义]提供(供给等) □ ministership  n.  □ ministrable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French ministre from Latin minister ‘servant’, from minus ‘less’]

ministerial /miniˈstiəriəl/ adj.  1  of a minister of religion or a minister's office 牧师的；部长的；大臣的 2  instrumental or subsidiary in achieving a purpose 起作用的；有助的  ministerial in bringing about a settlement  有助于解决纠纷 3 Brit. [英]  a  of a government minister or ministry 内阁的b  supporting the Government against the Opposition 支持内阁的 □ ministerialist  n. (in sense 3b 用于释义 3b)  □ ministerially  adv.   [French ministériel or Late Latin ministerialis from Latin ministerium ‘ministry’ (as MINISTER)]

ministering angel n. also joc.  a kind-hearted person, esp. a woman, who nurses or comforts others (with reference to Mark 1:13) [亦诙]救死扶伤的天使(尤指心地善良护理安慰他人的妇女) (参见《马可福音》 1:13)

Minister of State n.  a government minister, in the UK usu. regarded as holding a rank below that of Head of Department (英国)国务大臣(通常位于首相之下)

Minister of the Crown n. Brit. Parl.  a member of the Cabinet [英] [议]内阁成员

Minister without Portfolio n.  a government minister who has Cabinet status, but is not in charge of a specific department of state (无具体部门的)不管部部长(大臣)

ministration /miniˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  aid or service 帮助；照料；服侍  the kind ministrations of his neighbours  他邻居的热心帮助 2  ministering, esp. in religious matters (尤在宗教事务中)牧师执职 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the supplying (of help, justice, etc.) 提供(帮助、正当的理由等) □ ministrant  /ˈministr(ə)nt/ adj. & n.  □ ministrative  /ˈministrətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French ministration or Latin ministratio (as MINISTER)]

ministry /ˈministri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often 常作 Ministry)  a  a government department headed by a minister (政府的)部b  the building which it occupies 部办公楼  the Ministry of Defence  国防部 2  a (prec. by 前接 the)  the vocation or profession of a religious minister 牧师(职业)  called to the ministry  被叫到牧师那里去b  the office of a religious minister, priest, etc. 牧师的职位、职责c  the period of tenure of this 牧师(神父等)的任期 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  the body of ministers of a government or of a religion (全体)部长；(全体)牧师 4  a period of government under one Prime Minister (首相领导下的)政府任期 5  ministering, ministration 帮助；服务；救助 [Middle English from Latin ministerium (as MINISTER)]

miniver /ˈminivə/ n. (also 亦作 minever)  plain white fur used in ceremonial costume 白鼬毛皮 [Middle English from Anglo-French menuver, Old French menu vair (as MENU, VAIR)]

mink /miŋk/ n.  1  either of two small semiaquatic stoatlike animals of the genus Mustela, M. vison of N. America and M. intreola of Europe 鼬(指北美水貂和欧洲水貂) 2  the thick brown fur of these 貂皮 3  a coat made of this 貂皮外衣 [Middle English, origin uncertain: cf. Swedish mɑ¨nk, menk]

minke /ˈmiŋkə, -ki/ n.  a small baleen whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, with a pointed snout 缟缊鲸 [probably from Meincke, the name of a Norwegian whaler]

Minn. abbr.  Minnesota [缩略] (美国)明尼苏达州

minnesinger /ˈminəsiŋə/ n.  a German lyric poet and singer of the 12th － 14th c. (德国)抒情诗人(或歌手)；吟游诗人(或歌手) [German Minnesinger, = love-singer]

minnow /ˈminəʊ/ n.  any of various small freshwater fish of the carp family, esp. Phoxinus phoxinus 米诺鱼 [late Middle English menow, perhaps representing Old English myne: influenced by Middle English menuse, menise from Old French menuise, ultimately related to MINUTIA]

Minoan /miˈnəʊən/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the Bronze Age civilization centred on Crete (c. 3000 － 1100 BC) (克里特青铜器时代)米诺斯文化的，克里特文化的 ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or the Minoan world 古克里特岛人；米诺斯人 2  the language or scripts associated with the Minoans 米诺斯语；古克里特语 [named after the legendary Cretan king Minos (Greek Minōs), to whom the palace excavated at Knossos was attributed]

minor /ˈmainə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  lesser or comparatively small in size or importance 较小的；较少的；次要的  minor poet  蹩脚诗人 minor operation  小手术 2 Mus. 【音】  a (of a scale) having intervals of a semitone between the second and third, fifth and sixth, and seventh and eighth degrees (音阶)小音阶的b (of an interval) less by a semitone than a major interval (音程)小音程的c (of a key) based on a minor scale, tending to produce a melancholy effect (基调)哀怨的；忧郁的；悲伤的 3 Brit. (appended to a surname, esp. in public schools) indicating the younger of two brothers [英] (尤在公立学校中，置于姓名后)年幼的  Smith minor  小史密斯 4 Logic 【逻辑学】  a (of a term) occurring as the subject of the conclusion of a categorical syllogism (词语)小前提的b (of a premiss) containing the minor term in a categorical syllogism (前提)含小项的 ●n.  1  a person under the legal age limit or majority 未成年人  no unaccompanied minors  无人带领的小孩不可单独入内 2 Mus.  a minor key etc. 【音】小调 3 US  a student's subsidiary subject or course [美]副修科目；选修科目 4 Logic  a minor term or premiss 【逻辑学】小项；小前提 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 in) US (of a student) undertake study in (a subject) as a subsidiary to a main subject [美] (学生)副修(某学科) □ in a minor key  (of novels, events, people's lives, etc.) understated, uneventful (小说、事件、生活等)低调的；平淡的 [Latin, = smaller, less, related to minuere ‘lessen’]

minor axis n. Geom. (of a conic) the axis perpendicular to the major axis 【几】(圆锥)短轴

Minorcan /miˈnɔ:k(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Minorca, an island in the western Mediterranean (地中海西部)梅诺卡岛的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Minorca (地中海西部)梅诺卡岛的人；梅诺卡岛的居民

minor canon n.  a cleric who is not a member of the chapter, who assists in daily cathedral services 低级牧师

minority /maiˈnɒriti, mi-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a smaller number or part, esp. within a political party or structure (尤指党派或机构中的)少数党；少数派 2  the number of votes cast for this 少数(得票数)  a minority of two  得到两票的少数派 3  the state of having less than half the votes or of being supported by less than half of the body of opinion 较少票数；较少人数  in the minority  占少数 4  a relatively small group of people differing from others in the society of which they are a part in race, religion, language, political persuasion, etc. 少数民族 5 (作 attrib.)  relating to or done by the minority 少数(的)；少数人(的)；少数人所为(的)  minority interests  少数人的利益 6  a  the state of being under full legal age 未成年b  the period of this 未成年期 [French minorité or medieval Latin minoritas from Latin minor: see MINOR]

minor league n. N. Amer. (in baseball, football, etc.) a league of professional clubs other than the major leagues [北美] (棒球、橄榄球等)小联盟

minor orders n. pl. RC Ch. hist.  the grades of members of the clergy below that of deacon 【天主教】[史义]小品，次级神品(神职人员品位)

minor piece n. Chess  a bishop or a knight 【棋类】小子；弱子(指象或马)

minor planet n.  an asteroid 小行星

minor prophet n.  any of the prophets from Hosea to Malachi, whose surviving writings are not lengthy 小先知书

minor suit n. Bridge  diamonds or clubs 【桥牌】(桥牌中的)低级花色(指方块或梅花)

Minotaur /ˈminətɔ:, ˈmai-/ n. (in Greek mythology) a man with a bull's head, kept in a Cretan labyrinth and fed with human flesh (希腊神话中)弥诺陶洛斯(牛头人身怪物) [Middle English via Old French and Latin Minotaurus from Greek Minōtauros, from Minōs, the name of a legendary king of Crete (see MINOAN) + tauros ‘bull’]

minster /ˈminstə/ n.  1  a large or important church 大教堂  York Minster  约克大教堂 2  the church of a monastery 修道院附属教堂 [Old English mynster via ecclesiastical Latin monasterium from Greek monastērion MONASTERY]

minstrel /ˈminstr(ə)l/ n.  1 hist.  a medieval singer or musician, esp. singing or reciting poetry [史义] (尤指中世纪的)吟游诗人(或歌手) 2 hist.  a person who entertained patrons with singing, buffoonery, etc. [史义] (用歌声、逗笑等取悦主人的)豪门艺人 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a member of a band of public entertainers with blackened faces etc., performing songs and music ostensibly of black American origin (脸等化妆成黑人的)滑稽说唱团演员 [Middle English via Old French menestral ‘entertainer, servant’ and Provençal menest(ai)ral ‘officer, employee, musician’, from Late Latin ministerialis ‘official, officer’: see MINISTERIAL]

minstrelsy /ˈminstr(ə)lsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the minstrel's art 吟游说唱技艺 2  a body of minstrels (总称)吟游诗人(或歌手) 3  minstrel poetry 吟游诗集；乐曲集；歌谣集 [Middle English from Old French menestralsie (as MINSTREL)]

mint1 /mint/ n.  1  any aromatic plant of the genus Mentha (family Labiateae) 薄荷属植物(唇形科) 2  a peppermint sweet or lozenge 薄荷糖(锭剂) □ minty  adj. (mintier, mintiest)   [Old English minte, ultimately via Latin ment(h) a from Greek minthē]

mint2 /mint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place where money is coined, usu. under State authority (通常政府当局的)铸币局；铸币厂 2 colloq.  a vast sum of money [口]巨额的钱  making a mint  赚大钱 3  a source of invention etc. (发明等的)来源；制造所  a mint of ideas  思想的来源 ●v. tr.  1  make (coin) by stamping metal (用金属)铸造(硬币) 2  invent, coin (a word, phrase, etc.) 制造，创造(词语、短语等) □ in mint condition (or state)   freshly minted; (of books etc.) as new 新铸造的；(书籍等)崭新的□ mintage  n.   [Old English mynet via West Germanic from Latin moneta MONEY]

mint julep n. US  a sweet iced alcoholic drink of bourbon flavoured with mint [美]薄荷朱利酒

mint mark n.  a mark on a coin to indicate the mint at which it was struck (硬币上的)铸币厂印记

mint master n.  the superintendent of coinage at a mint 铸币厂厂长

mint par n. (in full 全称 mint parity)  1  the ratio between the gold equivalents of currency in two countries (两个国家的)货币平价比率 2  their rate of exchange based on this 货币平价兑换比率

mint sauce n.  chopped spearmint in vinegar and sugar, usu. eaten with lamb 薄荷沙司(通常与羔羊肉一起食用)

minuend /ˈminjʊend/ n. Math.  a quantity or number from which another is to be subtracted 【数】被减数 [Latin minuendus, gerundive of minuere ‘diminish’]

minuet /minjʊˈet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slow stately dance for two in triple time 米奴哀舞 2 Mus.  the music for this, or music in the same rhythm and style, often as a movement in a suite, sonata, or symphony 【音】米奴哀舞曲；小步舞曲 ●v. intr. (minueted, minueting)  dance a minuet 跳米奴哀舞；跳小步舞 [French menuet = fine, delicate (used as a noun), diminutive of menu: see MENU]

minus /ˈmainəs/ prep., adj. & n. ●prep.  1  with the subtraction of (symbol 符 -) 减(去)；除去  7 minus 4 equals 3  7 减 4 等于 3 2 (of temperature) below zero (温度)零下  minus 2°  零下 2 度 3 colloq.  lacking; deprived of [口]没有；缺少；去掉  returned minus their dog  除了狗都返回了 ●adj.  1 Math.  negative 【数】负的；表示减(去)的 2 Electronics  having a negative charge 【电子学】阴性的；负电的 ●n.  1  = MINUS SIGN  2 Math.  a negative quantity 【数】负量；负数 3  a disadvantage 不足；缺点；损失 [Latin, neut. of minor ‘less’]

minuscule /ˈminəskju:l/ n. & adj. (also disp. [亦异议] miniscule /ˈminis-/) ●n.  1  a kind of cursive script developed in the 7th c. 古代小书写体 2  a lower-case letter 小写字母 ●adj.  1  lower case 小写字母的 2 colloq.  extremely small or unimportant [口]非常小的；很不重要的 □ minuscular  /miˈnʌskjʊlə/ adj.   [French from Latin minuscula (littera ‘letter’), diminutive of minor: see MINOR]

minus sign n.  the symbol -, indicating subtraction or a negative value 减号；负号

minute1 /ˈminit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sixtieth of an hour 分 (1 小时的 1/60) 2  a distance covered in one minute 1 分钟的路程  twenty minutes from the station  离车站 20 分钟的路程 3  a  a moment; an instant; a point of time 片刻；一会儿；瞬间  expecting her any minute  随时期待她到来 the train leaves in a minute  火车马上启动b (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the present time [口]眼前；眼下  what are you doing at the minute?  你现在在干嘛呢？c (foll. by 后跟 clause)  as soon as 一…就  call me the minute you get back  一回到家就马上给我打电话 4  a sixtieth of a degree of angular distance (symbol 符＇) 分 (1 度的 1/60) 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a brief summary of the proceedings at a meeting 会议记录 6  an official memorandum authorizing or recommending a course of action 备忘录；摘要；简短记录 ●v. tr.  1  record (proceedings) in the minutes (用议事录)记下(议程) 2  send the minutes of a meeting to (a person) 把会议的备忘录发送给(某人) □ just (or wait) a minute   1  a request to wait for a short time 稍等片刻 2  as a prelude to a query or objection 且慢 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin minuta (n.), from fem. of minutus MINUTE2: senses 1 & 4 of noun from medieval Latin pars minuta prima ‘first minute part’ (cf. SECOND2): senses 5 & 6 perhaps from medieval Latin minuta scriptura ‘draft in small writing’]

minute2 /maiˈnju:t/ adj. (minutest)  1  very small 极小的；异常小的 2  trifling, petty 微不足道的；无足轻重的 3 (of an inquiry, inquirer, etc.) accurate, detailed, precise (调查、调查者等)精密的；仔细的；缜密的 □ minutely  adv.  □ minuteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin minutus, past part. of minuere ‘lessen’]

minute-gun n.  a gun fired at intervals of a minute at funerals etc. 志哀礼炮(葬礼等时每分钟发一次的号炮)

minute hand n.  the hand on a watch or clock which indicates minutes (钟表的)分针

Minuteman /ˈminitmæn/ n. (pl. -men) US [美]  1  a type of US three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile 民兵式洲际弹道导弹 2 hist.  an American militiaman of the revolutionary period (ready to march at a minute's notice) [史义] (美国独立战争时期召之即来的)后备民兵

minute steak n.  a thin slice of steak to be cooked quickly 快熟薄牛排

minutia /miˈnju:ʃiə, mai-/ n. (pl. -iae /-ʃii:, -ʃiai/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a precise, trivial, or minor detail 微小细节；琐事；小事 [Latin, = smallness, in pl. ‘trifles’, from minutus: see MINUTE2]

minx /miŋks/ n.  a pert, sly, or playful girl 轻佻的少女 □ minxish  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

Miocene /ˈmaiəsi:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the fourth epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence for the diversification of primates, including early apes (有关)中新世的；(有关)中新统的(第三世纪的第四个时期) ●n.  this epoch or system 中新世；中新统 [formed irregularly from Greek meiōn ‘less’ + kainos ‘new’]

miosis /maiˈəʊsis/ n. (also 亦作 myosis)  excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye 瞳孔缩小；缩瞳 □ miotic  /maiˈɒtik/ adj.   [Greek muō ‘shut the eyes’ + -OSIS]

MIPS /mips/ n.  a unit of computing speed equivalent to a million instructions per second 每秒钟执行百万条指令 [acronym]

mirabelle /mirəˈbel/ n.  1  a  a European variety of plum tree, Prunus insititia, bearing small round yellow fruit 布拉斯李，欧亚野李b  a fruit from this tree 布拉斯李果实，欧亚野李果 2  a liqueur distilled from this fruit 布拉斯白兰地 [French]

miracidium /mairəˈsidiəm/ n. (pl. miracidia /-diə/) Zool.  a free-swimming ciliated larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from the egg to its first host (esp. a snail) (cf. 参见 CERCARIA) 【动】纤毛幼虫；毛蚴 [Greek meirakidion diminutive of meirakion ‘boy, stripling’]

miracle /ˈmirək(ə)l/ n.  1  an extraordinary event attributed to some supernatural agency 奇迹 2  a  any remarkable occurrence 奇事；不可思议的事b  a remarkable development in some specified area (某特殊领域)惊人的事例  an economic miracle  经济发展的奇迹 the German miracle  德国奇迹 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a remarkable or outstanding specimen 令人惊叹的人(或事)  the plan was a miracle of ingenuity  这个计划是个创造性的奇迹 [Middle English via Old French from Latin miraculum ‘object of wonder’, via mirari ‘wonder’ from mirus ‘wonderful’]

miracle drug n.  a drug which represents a breakthrough in medical science 特效药

miracle play n.  a mystery play 奇迹剧；圣迹剧

miraculous /miˈrækjʊləs/ adj.  1  of the nature of a miracle 神奇的；不可思议的 2  supernatural 超自然的 3  remarkable, surprising 奇迹般的；非凡的；令人惊奇的 □ miraculously  adv.  □ miraculousness  n.   [French miraculeux or medieval Latin miraculosus from Latin (as MIRACLE)]

mirador /mirəˈdɔ:/ n.  a turret or tower etc. attached to a building, and commanding an excellent view (可眺望美景的)塔楼(眺台等) [Spanish, from mirar ‘to look’]

mirage /ˈmirɑ:ʒ, miˈrɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, esp. the appearance of a sheet of water in a desert or on a hot road from the reflection of light 海市蜃楼；蜃景；幻景(尤在沙漠中或在炙热的马路上由于光反射而出现一片水的现象) 2  an illusory thing 幻想；妄想 [French, from se mirer ‘be reflected’, from Latin mirare ‘look at’]

Miranda /miˈrændə/   米兰达 [人名]

MIRAS /ˈmairæs/ abbr. (also 亦作 Miras) (in the UK) mortgage interest relief at source [缩略] (英国)抵押贷款基本利息津贴；按揭利率减免

mire /maiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stretch of swampy or boggy ground 泥潭；沼泽；泥沼 2  mud, dirt 烂泥；淤泥；污泥 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  plunge or sink in a mire 使陷入泥坑(沼泽) 2 tr.  involve in difficulties 使陷入困境；使受困扰 □ in the mire   in difficulties 在困境中□ miry  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse mýrr, from Germanic: related to MOSS]

mirepoix /miəˈpwɑ:, 法 mirpwa/ n.  a mixture of sautéd chopped vegetables, used in sauces etc. (用在佐料等中的)植物性调味香料 [French, named after the Duc de Mirepoix, French general d. 1757]

Miriam /ˈmiriəm/   米里亚姆 [人名]

mirid /ˈmirid, ˈmaiərid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a heteropteran bug of the family Miridae (formerly Capsidae), which includes numerous plant pests (盲蝽科)盲蝽 ●adj.  of or relating to this family Also called 亦称作 capsid (有关)盲蝽科的 [modern Latin Miris genus name, from mirus ‘wonderful’]

mirk var.  of MURK  MURK 的变体

mirky var.  of MURKY  MURKY 的变体

mirror /ˈmirə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a polished surface, usu. of amalgam-coated glass or metal, which reflects an image; a looking-glass (通常在玻璃上覆一层水银或金属的)镜子；反光镜；反射镜 2  anything regarded as giving an accurate reflection or description of something else 借鉴；真实反映情况的东西 ●v. tr.  reflect as in a mirror 反射；映照 [Middle English from Old French mirour, ultimately from Latin mirare ‘look at’]

mirror carp n.  a breed of carp with large shiny scales 鲤(有闪光的鱼鳞)

mirror finish n.  a reflective surface 镜面

mirror image n.  an identical image, but with the structure reversed, as in a mirror 镜像

mirror symmetry n.  symmetry as of an object and its reflection 镜面对称

mirror writing n.  reversed writing, like ordinary writing reflected in a mirror 左右倒写

mirth /mɜ:θ/ n.  merriment, laughter 快乐；欢笑 □ mirthful  adj.  □ mirthfully  adv.  □ mirthfulness  n.  □ mirthless  adj.  □ mirthlessly  adv.  □ mirthlessness  n.   [Old English myrgth (as MERRY)]

MIRV /mɜ:v/ abbr.  multiple independently-targeted re-entry vehicle (a type of missile) [缩略]分导式多弹头运载工具(一种导弹)

MIS abbr. Computing  management information systems [缩略]【计算】管理信息系统

mis-1 /mis/ prefix  added to verbs and verbal derivatives: meaning ‘amiss’, ‘badly’, ‘wrongly’, ‘unfavourably’ (mislead 误导 ; misshapen 畸形的 ; mistrust 不信任) 加在动词或动词派生词前，表示“坏”；“不当”；“错”；“误”；“不利” [Old English from Germanic]

mis-2 /mis/ prefix  occurring in a few words adopted from French meaning ‘badly’, ‘wrongly’, ‘amiss’, ‘ill-’, or having a negative force (misadventure 意外事故 ; mischief 顽皮) (加在来自法语的外来词前)表示“坏”；“错”；“不当”；“误”；“有负面作用” [Old French mes-, ultimately from Latin minus (see MINUS): assimilated to MIS-1]

misaddress /misəˈdres/ v. tr.  1  address (a letter etc.) wrongly 写错(信等)的地址 2  address (a person) wrongly, esp. impertinently 称呼(某人)不当(尤指无礼)

misadventure /misədˈventʃə/ n.  1 Law  an accident without concomitant crime or negligence 【法律】意外事故  death by misadventure  意外致死 2  bad luck 不幸 3  a misfortune 灾难；不幸遭遇 [Middle English from Old French mesaventure, from mesavenir ‘turn out badly’ (as MIS-2, ADVENT: cf. ADVENTURE)]

misalign /misəˈlain/ v. tr.  give the wrong alignment to 使不成一直线 □ misalignment  n.  

misalliance /misəˈlaiəns/ n.  an unsuitable alliance, esp. an unsuitable marriage 不适当的联合(结合) (尤指婚姻) □ misally  v. tr. (-ies, -ied)   [MIS-1 + ALLIANCE, after MÉSALLIANCE]

misandry /miˈsændri/ n.  the hatred of men 憎恨男人；厌恶男人 [Greek misos ‘hatred’ + andr- aner ‘man’, on the pattern of MISOGYNY]

misanthrope /ˈmiz(ə)nθrəʊp, mis-/ n. (also 亦作 misanthropist /miˈzænθrəpist, misˈæn-/)  1  a person who hates humankind 厌恶人类者；憎恨世人者 2  a person who avoids human society 遁世者 □ misanthropic  /-ˈθrɒpik/ adj.  □ misanthropical  /-ˈθrɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  □ misanthropically  /-ˈθrɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ misanthropy  /miˈzænθrəpi, misˈæn-/ n.  □ misanthropize  /miˈzænθrəpaiz, misˈæn-/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French from Greek misanthrōpos, from misos ‘hatred’ + anthrōpos ‘man’]

misapply /misəˈplai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  apply (esp. funds) wrongly (尤指对资金)误用；滥用；挪用；用错 □ misapplication  /misˌæpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misapprehend /ˌmisæpriˈhend/ v. tr.  misunderstand (words, a person) 误解；误会(词语、某人) □ misapprehension  /-ˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ misapprehensive  adj.  

misappropriate /misəˈprəʊprieit/ v. tr.  apply (usu. another's money) to one's own use, or to a wrong use 挪用；盗用；侵吞；私占(通常为他人的钱财) □ misappropriation  /-priˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misbegotten /misbiˈɡɒt(ə)n/ adj.  1  illegitimate, bastard 私生的；非婚生的；野种的 2  contemptible, disreputable 卑鄙的；声名狼籍的

misbehave /misbiˈheiv/ v. intr. & refl. (of a person or machine) behave badly (人) (使)行为不端；(使)行为不检点；(机器)运转不良 □ misbehaviour  n.  

misbelief /misbiˈli:f/ n.  1  wrong or unorthodox religious belief 异教信仰 2  a false opinion or notion 错误信念；错误见解

misc. abbr. [缩略]  miscellaneous 

miscalculate /misˈkælkjʊleit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  calculate (amounts, results, etc.) wrongly 误算；算错(金额、结果等) □ miscalculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

miscall /misˈkɔ:l/ v. tr.  1  call by a wrong or inappropriate name 叫错名字；误称 2 archaic or dial.  call (a person) names [古义] [方]辱骂(某人)

miscarriage /misˈkæridʒ, ˈmiskæridʒ/ n.  1  a spontaneous abortion, esp. before the 28th week of pregnancy (尤指怀孕第 28 周前)流产 2  the failure (of a letter, freight, etc.) to reach its destination (信件、货物等)误送；未送达目的地 [MISCARRY + -AGE]

miscarriage of justice n.  any failure of the judicial system to attain the ends of justice 审判不公；误审；误判

miscarry /misˈkæri/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (of a woman) have a miscarriage (孕妇)流产；小产 2 (of a letter etc.) fail to reach its destination (信件等)误送；误投；误交 3 (of a business, plan, etc.) fail; be unsuccessful (买卖、计划等)失败；未达到预期结果

miscast /misˈkɑ:st/ v. tr. (past and past part. -cast)  allot an unsuitable part to (an actor) (给演员)分派的角色不当；使(演员)扮演不适合的角色

miscegenation /ˌmisidʒiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the interbreeding of races, esp. of whites and non-whites 人种混杂(尤指白人与非白种人的结合) [formed irregularly from Latin miscēre ‘mix’ + genus ‘race’]

miscellanea /misəˈleiniə/ n. pl.  1  a literary miscellany (文学作品的)杂集；杂录 2  a collection of miscellaneous items 多种多样东西的搜集 [Latin, neut. pl. of miscellaneus (as MISCELLANEOUS)]

miscellaneous /misəˈleiniəs/ adj.  1  of mixed composition or character (不同成分、性质)混杂的 2 (foll. by 后跟 pl. noun)  of various kinds 各种各样的 3 (of a person) many-sided (人)多才能的，多面的 □ miscellaneously  adv.  □ miscellaneousness  n.   [Latin miscellaneus via miscellus ‘mixed’ from miscēre ‘mix’]

miscellany /miˈseləni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a mixture; a medley 混合物；杂物 2  a book containing a collection of stories etc., or various literary compositions (包括故事等或各类文学题材的作品的)杂集；杂录 □ miscellanist  n.   [French miscellanées (fem. pl.) or Latin MISCELLANEA]

mischance /misˈtʃɑ:ns/ n.  1  bad luck 不幸；厄运 2  an instance of this 倒霉的事 [Middle English from Old French mesch(e)ance, from mescheoir (as MIS-2, CHANCE)]

mischief /ˈmistʃif/ n.  1  conduct which is troublesome, but not malicious, esp. in children (尤指儿童)顽皮 2  pranks, scrapes 恶作剧；胡闹  get into mischief  胡闹 keep out of mischief  不调皮 3  playful malice; archness, satire 淘气；调皮  eyes full of mischief  调皮的目光 4  harm or injury caused by a person or thing 损害；伤害；危害 5  a person or thing responsible for harm or annoyance 根源；祸根  that loose connection is the mischief  连接不紧是问题的根源 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  the annoying part or aspect 令人讨厌的方面  the mischief of it is that  etc. 烦人之处是… □ do a person a mischief   wound or kill a person 伤害；杀死(某人)□ get up to (or make) mischief   create discord 挑拨离间 [Middle English from Old French meschief from meschever (as MIS-2, chever ‘come to an end’ from chef ‘head’: see CHIEF)]

mischief-maker n.  a person who encourages discord, esp. by gossip etc. (尤指利用谣言等的)挑拨离间者 □ mischief-making  n.  

mischievous /ˈmistʃivəs/ adj.  1 (of a person) disposed to mischief (人)顽皮的；爱胡闹的；淘气的 2 (of conduct) playfully malicious (行为)恶作剧的；捣乱的 3 (of a thing) having harmful effects (事物)有害的；破坏的 □ mischievously  adv.  □ mischievousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French meschevous from Old French meschever: see MISCHIEF]

misch metal /miʃ/ n.  an alloy of lanthanide metals, usu. added to iron to improve its malleability 混合稀土(通常加入铁中以改进其延展性) [German mischen ‘mix’ + Metall ‘metal’]

miscible /ˈmisib(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  capable of being mixed 可混合的 □ miscibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin miscibilis from Latin miscēre ‘mix’]

misconceive /miskənˈsi:v/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  have a wrong idea or conception 有错误想法；有错误观念 2 tr. (as 作 misconceived adj.)  badly planned, organized, etc. 计划不好的(组织不周的等) 3 tr.  misunderstand (a word, person, etc.) 误解(词语、某人等) □ misconceiver  n.  □ misconception  /-ˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misconduct n. & v. ●n. /misˈkɒndʌkt/  1  improper or unprofessional behaviour 不端行为，不当行为；不规矩；不职业行为 2  bad management 管理不善 ●v. /miskənˈdʌkt/  1 refl.  misbehave 使行为不端；使不当；使不职业 2 tr.  mismanage 使管理不当

misconstrue /miskənˈstru:/ v. tr. (-construes, -construed, -construing)  1  interpret (a word, action, etc.) wrongly 误解；曲解(词语、行为等) 2  mistake the meaning of (a person) 误会(某人)的意思 □ misconstruction  /-ˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  

miscopy /misˈkɒpi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  copy (text etc.) incorrectly 抄错(原文等)

miscount /misˈkaʊnt/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  count wrongly 算错；数错 ●n. /also 亦作 ˈmis-/  a wrong count 计算错误

miscreant /ˈmiskriənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a wretch; a villain 歹徒；坏人；恶棍 2 archaic  a heretic [古义]异教徒 ●adj.  1  depraved, villainous 堕落的；道德败坏的 2 archaic  heretical [古义]信异教的 [Middle English from Old French mescreant (as MIS-2, creant, part. of croire, from Latin credere ‘believe’)]

miscue /misˈkju:/ n. & v. ●n. (in snooker etc.) the failure to strike the ball properly with the cue (台球等的击球)失误 ●v. intr. (-cues, -cued, -cueing or -cuing)  make a miscue 击球失误

misdate /misˈdeit/ v. tr.  date (an event, a letter, etc.) wrongly 弄错(事件)的日期；写错(书信等)的日期

misdeal /misˈdi:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. -dealt /-ˈdelt/) (also absol. [亦含宾])  make a mistake in dealing (cards) 发错(纸牌) ●n. /also 亦作 ˈmis-/  1  a mistake in dealing cards 发牌错误 2  a misdealt hand 发到手中的错牌

misdeed /misˈdi:d/ n.  an evil deed; a wrongdoing; a crime 恶行；坏事；罪行 [Old English misdœˉd (as MIS-1, DEED)]

misdemeanant /misdiˈmi:nənt/ n.  a person convicted of a misdemeanour or guilty of misconduct 犯轻罪者；行为不端的人 [archaic misdemean ‘misbehave’]

misdemeanour /misdiˈmi:nə/ n. (US [美] misdemeanor)  1  an offence, a misdeed 轻罪；不端行为 2 Law  an indictable offence, (in the UK formerly) less heinous than a felony 【法律】可提起公诉的罪行；(在英国旧时指比重罪轻的)小罪，轻罪

misdescribe /misdiˈskraib/ v. tr.  describe inaccurately 不准确(错误)地描述 □ misdescription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misdiagnose /misˈdaiəɡnəʊz/ v. tr.  diagnose incorrectly 错误诊断 □ misdiagnosis  /-ˈnəʊsis/ n.  

misdial /misˈdaiəl/ v. tr. (-dialled, -dialling; US [美] -dialed, -dialing) (also absol. [亦含宾])  dial (a telephone number etc.) incorrectly 拨错(电话号码等)

misdirect /misdaiˈrekt, -di-/ v. tr.  1  direct (a person, letter, blow, etc.) wrongly 给(某人)指错方向；把(信等)写错地址；未击中 2 (of a judge) instruct (the jury) wrongly (法官)给(陪审团)错误指示 □ misdirection  n.  

misdoing /misˈdu:iŋ/ n.  a misdeed 罪行；恶劣的行为；坏事

misdoubt /misˈdaʊt/ v. tr.  1  have doubts or misgivings about the truth or existence of (对真实性或存在)怀疑，担心 2  be suspicious about; suspect that 怀疑…；不相信…

miseducation /misˌedjʊˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  wrong or faulty education 错误教育 □ miseducate  /-ˈedjʊkeit/ v. tr.  

mise en scène /mi:zɒ˜ ˈsen, 法 mizɑ˜ sɛn/ n.  1 Theatr.  the scenery and properties of a play 【戏】舞台布景，道具 2  the setting or surroundings of an event (事件的)背景；环境 [French, literally ‘putting on stage’]

misemploy /misimˈplɔi, -em-/ v. tr.  employ or use wrongly or improperly 错误使用；使用不当；滥用 □ misemployment  n.  

miser /ˈmaizə/ n.  1  a person who hoards wealth and lives miserably 守财奴；吝啬鬼 2  an avaricious person 贪婪的人 [Latin, = wretched]

miserable /ˈmiz(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable 悲惨的；痛苦的；不舒服的；可怜的  felt miserable in a suit  穿套装感觉很不舒服 2  contemptible, inadequate, mean 卑鄙的；贫乏的；可耻的  a miserable attempt  蹩脚的尝试 3  causing wretchedness or discomfort 造成不幸的；令人不快的  miserable weather  令人苦恼的天气 4 Sc., Austral. & NZ (of a person) stingy, mean [苏格兰和澳新] (人)吝啬的；小气的 5 colloq. (of a person) gloomy, morose [口] (人)忧郁的；抑郁的 □ miserableness  n.  □ miserably  adv.   [Middle English via French misérable from Latin miserabilis ‘pitiable’, via miserari ‘to pity’ from miser ‘wretched’]

miserere /mizəˈriəri, -ˈrɛə-/ n.  1  a cry for mercy 恳求慈爱怜悯 2  = MISERICORD 1  [Middle English from Latin, imperative of miserēri ‘have mercy’ (as MISER); first word of Ps. 51 in Latin]

misericord /miˈzerikɔ:d/ n.  1  a shelving projection on the underside of a hinged seat in a choir stall serving (when the seat is turned up) to help support a person standing (教堂座位活动座板底面的)凸出托板(座板垂直时供站立的礼拜者支托身体之用) 2  an apartment in a monastery in which some relaxations of discipline are permitted 免戒室 3  a dagger for dealing the death stroke (结束性命的)短剑，匕首 [Middle English via Old French misericorde from Latin misericordia, via misericors ‘compassionate’ from stem of miserēri ‘pity’ + cor cordis ‘heart’]

miserly /ˈmaizəli/ adj.  like a miser; niggardly 似守财奴的；吝啬的 □ miserliness  n.   [MISER]

misery /ˈmiz(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a wretched state of mind, or of outward circumstances 痛苦；难受 2  a thing causing this 痛苦的事；难受的事 3 Brit. colloq.  a constantly depressed or discontented person [英口]总发牢骚的人；老不痛快的人 4  = MISÈRE  □ put out of its etc. misery   1  release (a person, animal, etc.) from suffering or suspense 把(人、动物等从痛苦中)解救出来 2  kill (an animal in pain) 杀死(动物)以结束痛苦 [Middle English from Old French misere or Latin miseria (as MISER)]

misfeasance /misˈfi:z(ə)ns/ n. Law  a transgression, esp. the wrongful exercise of lawful authority 【法律】违法(尤指司法当局滥用职权) [Middle English from Old French mesfaisance, from mesfaire ‘misdo’ (as MIS-2, faire ‘do’ from Latin facere): cf. MALFEASANCE]

misfield /misˈfi:ld/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (in cricket, baseball, etc.) field (the ball) badly (板球、棒球等)接(或掷) (球)不好 ●n. /also 亦作 ˈmis-/ Brit.  an instance of this [英]不好的接球(或掷球)

misfire /misˈfaiə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (of a gun, motor engine, etc.) fail to go off or start or function regularly (枪)不发火；(发动机等)不能正常发动(或工作) 2 (of an action etc.) fail to have the intended effect (行动等)未能奏效 ●n. /also 亦作 ˈmis-/  a failure of function or intention 失败；未达到预期目的

misfit /ˈmisfit/ n.  1  a person unsuited to a particular kind of environment, occupation, etc. 不适应环境(或工作等)的人 2  a garment etc. that does not fit (衣服等)不合身

misfit stream n. Geog.  a stream not corresponding in size to its valley 【地理】不(相)称河；弱水河

misfortune /misˈfɔ:tʃu:n, -tʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  bad luck 不幸；厄运 2  an instance of this 不幸的事；灾难

misgive /misˈɡiv/ v. tr. (past -gave /-ˈɡeiv/; past part. -given /-ˈɡiv(ə)n/) (often foll. by 常后跟 about, that) (of a person's mind, heart, etc.) fill (a person) with suspicion or foreboding 使(某人的情绪、精神等)疑虑；担忧；害怕

misgiving /misˈɡiviŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a feeling of mistrust or apprehension 疑虑；担忧；害怕

misgovern /misˈɡʌv(ə)n/ v. tr.  govern (a state etc.) badly 治理(国家等)不当 □ misgovernment  n.  

misguide /misˈɡaid/ v. tr.  1 (as 作 misguided adj.)  mistaken in thought or action (思想、行为)错误(的) 2  mislead, misdirect 误导；使误入歧途 □ misguidance  n.  □ misguidedly  adv.  □ misguidedness  n.  

mishandle /misˈhænd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  deal with incorrectly or ineffectively 处理不当；处理不利 2  handle (a person or thing) roughly or rudely; ill-treat 粗暴处理(或对待) (人或物)；虐待

mishap /ˈmishæp/ n.  an unlucky accident 不幸事故

mishear /misˈhiə/ v. tr. (past and past part. -heard /-ˈhɜ:d/)  hear incorrectly or imperfectly 听错；听走样

mishit v. & n. ●v. tr. /misˈhit/ (-hitting; past and past part. -hit)  hit (a ball etc.) faultily 把(球等)打歪；误击(球等) ●n. /ˈmishit/  a faulty or bad hit 误击；不佳的一击

mishmash /ˈmiʃmæʃ/ n.  a confused mixture 混杂；杂乱的一堆 [Middle English, reduplication of MASH]

Mishnah /ˈmiʃnə/ n.  a collection of precepts forming the basis of the Talmud, and embodying Jewish oral law 《密西拿》(构成《塔木德经》的蓝本，收录了犹太教口头教律) □ Mishnaic  /-ˈneiik/ adj.   [Hebrew mišnɑˉh ‘ (teaching by) repetition’]

misidentify /misaiˈdentifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  identify erroneously 确认错误；错误地识别(鉴定) □ misidentification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misinform /misinˈfɔ:m/ v. tr.  give wrong information to; mislead 给…提供错误信息；误导 □ misinformation  /-fəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misinterpret /misinˈtɜ:prit/ v. tr. (-interpreted, -interpreting)  1  interpret wrongly 误译 2  draw a wrong inference from 误以为，曲解 □ misinterpretation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ misinterpreter  n.  

misjudge /misˈdʒʌdʒ/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  judge wrongly 判断错 2  have a wrong opinion of 对…有错误概念 □ misjudgement  n. (also 亦作 misjudgment)  

miskey /misˈki:/ v. tr. (-keys, -keyed) (also absol. [亦含宾])  key (data) wrongly 错误录入(数据)

miskick v. & n. ●v. tr. /misˈkik/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  kick (a ball etc.) badly or wrongly (球等)踢得不好 ●n. /ˈmiskik/  an instance of this (踢出)坏球；臭球

Miskito /miˈski:təʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  1  a member of a native people of the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua and Honduras 米斯基托人(尼加拉瓜和洪都拉斯大西洋沿岸的土著) 2  the language of this people 米斯基托语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Miskito or their language (有关)米斯基托人的；(有关)米斯基托语的 [American Indian name]

mislay /misˈlei/ v. tr. (past and past part. -laid /-leid/)  1  unintentionally put (a thing) where it cannot readily be found 把(某物)放错地方 2 euphem.  lose [婉]遗失

mislead /misˈli:d/ v. tr. (past and past part. -led /-ˈled/)  1  cause (a person) to go wrong, in conduct, belief, etc. (在品行、信仰等方面)把(某人)引入歧途 2  lead astray or in the wrong direction 把…引错方向；把…带进错路 □ misleader  n.  

misleading /misˈli:diŋ/ adj.  causing to err or go astray; imprecise, confusing 引起误解的；引入歧途的；不准确的；迷惑的 □ misleadingly  adv.  □ misleadingness  n.  

mislike /misˈlaik/ v. tr. & n. archaic  dislike [古义]不喜欢；厌恶 [Old English mislīcian (as MIS-1, LIKE2)]

mismanage /misˈmænidʒ/ v. tr.  manage badly or wrongly 处理不当；管理不善 □ mismanagement  n.  

mismarriage /misˈmæridʒ/ n.  an unsuitable marriage or alliance 不相配的婚姻；不合适的联姻 [MIS-1 + MARRIAGE]

mismatch v. & n. ●v. tr. /misˈmætʃ/  match unsuitably or incorrectly, esp. in marriage 使不恰当地配合；使错误地配合(尤指婚姻) ●n. /ˈmismætʃ/  a bad match 配错；不相匹配

mismated /misˈmeitid/ adj.  1 (of people) not suited to each other, esp. in marriage (人)不相称(尤指婚姻) 2 (of objects) not matching (物品)不相配

mismeasure /misˈmeʒə/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  measure or estimate incorrectly 测量不准；估计有误 □ mismeasurement  n.  

misname /misˈneim/ v. tr.  = MISCALL 1 

misnomer /misˈnəʊmə/ n.  1  a name or term used wrongly 使用不当的名字(或名称) 2  the wrong use of a name or term 误用名字；用词不当 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French mesnom(m)er (as MIS-2, nommer ‘name’ from Latin nominare NOMINATE)]

miso /ˈmi:səʊ/ n.  a paste made from fermented soya beans and barley or rice malt, used in Japanese cookery 日本豆面酱 [Japanese]

misogamy /miˈsɒɡəmi, mai-/ n.  the hatred of marriage 厌婚症 □ misogamist  n.   [Greek misos ‘hatred’ + gamos ‘marriage’]

misogyny /miˈsɒdʒ(ə)ni, mai-/ n.  the hatred of women 厌女症；厌女癖 □ misogynist  n.  □ misogynistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ misogynous  adj.   [Greek misos ‘hatred’ + gunē ‘woman’]

mispickel /ˈmispik(ə)l/ n. Mineral.  an arsenide and sulphide of iron which is a major source of arsenic compounds 【矿】毒砂；砷黄铁矿 [German]

misplace /misˈpleis/ v. tr.  1  put in the wrong place 放错地方；误放 2  bestow (affections, confidence, etc.) on an inappropriate object 把(情感、信任等)寄托于不该寄托的对象 3  time (words, actions, etc.) badly 使(词语、行动等)不合时宜 □ misplacement  n.  

misplay /misˈplei/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  play (a ball, card, etc.) in a wrong or ineffective manner 打(球)失误；打错(牌等) ●n. /also 亦作 ˈmis-/  an instance of this (在球类、牌戏等运动中)失误

misprint n. & v. ●n. /ˈmisprint/  a mistake in printing 印刷错误 ●v. tr. /misˈprint/  print wrongly 印错；排错

misprision1 /misˈpriʒ(ə)n/ n. Law 【法律】  1 (in full 全称 misprision of a felony or of treason)  the deliberate concealment of one's knowledge of a crime, treason, etc. (对罪行、叛国罪等)知情不告；包庇隐匿 2  a wrong action or omission 玩忽职守；渎职 [Middle English via Anglo-French mesprisioun from Old French mesprison ‘error’, from mesprendre ‘to mistake’ (as MIS-2, prendre ‘take’)]

misprision2 /misˈpriʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a misreading, misunderstanding, etc. 读错；误解(搞错等) 2 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 of)  a failure to appreciate the value of a thing 低估 3 archaic  contempt [古义]轻蔑 [MISPRIZE, influenced by MISPRISION1]

misprize /misˈpraiz/ v. tr. literary  despise, scorn; fail to appreciate [文学用语]蔑视；轻视；忽视 [Middle English from Old French mesprisier (as MIS-1, PRIZE1)]

mispronounce /misprəˈnaʊns/ v. tr.  pronounce (a word etc.) wrongly 把(某词等)发错(读错)音 □ mispronunciation  /-nʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misquote /misˈkwəʊt/ v. tr.  quote wrongly 错误地引用 □ misquotation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

misread /misˈri:d/ v. tr. (past and past part. -read /-ˈred/)  read or interpret (text, a situation, etc.) wrongly 把(文章、情境等)读错；看错；解释错

misremember /misriˈmembə/ v. tr.  remember imperfectly or incorrectly 记错；忘记

misreport /misriˈpɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  give a false or incorrect report of 误报；失真地报道 ●n.  a false or incorrect report 虚假报告；不实的报道

misrepresent /ˌmisrepriˈzent/ v. tr.  represent wrongly; give a false or misleading account or idea of 不正当地代表；不称职地代表；误述；歪曲 □ misrepresentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ misrepresentative  adj.  

misrule /misˈru:l/ n. & v. ●n.  bad government; disorder 暴政；混乱 ●v. tr.  govern badly 施暴政

Miss. abbr.  Mississippi [缩略] (美国)密西西比州

miss1 /mis/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  fail to hit, reach, find, catch, etc. (an object or goal) 未击中(目标)；未达到(目的)；未找到(东西)；未接到(东西) 2 tr.  fail to catch (a bus, train, etc.) 未赶上；错过(汽车、火车等) 3 tr.  fail to experience, see, or attend (an occurrence or event) 未经历；未看到；未出席(事变、事件) 4 tr.  fail to meet (a person); fail to keep (an appointment) 未见到(某人)；失(约) 5 tr.  fail to seize (an opportunity etc.) 错过(机会等)  I missed my chance  我错过了机会 6 tr.  fail to hear or understand 未听到；未领会  I'm sorry, I missed what you said  对不起，我没听懂你的话 7 tr.  a  regret the loss or absence of (a person or thing) 因(某人或某物不在或遗失而)感到惋惜  did you miss me while I was away?  我不在时你想我吗？b  notice the loss or absence of (an object or person) 发现(某人或某物)不在(或遗失)  bound to miss the key if it isn't there  钥匙不在那儿，一定是丢了 8 tr.  avoid 避免；躲避  go early to miss the traffic  早走躲过交通高峰 9 tr.  = miss out 1  10 intr. (of an engine etc.) fail, misfire (引擎等)不能正常发动；熄火 ●n.  1  a failure to hit, reach, attain, connect, etc. 未击中；未达到目标；未得到；(未连接上等) 2 colloq. [口]  = MISCARRIAGE 1  □ be missing   not have, lack (an integral part etc.) (see also 另见 MISSING adj.) 没有；缺少(某部分等)；不全  the coat is missing its belt  大衣的腰带不见了□ give (a thing) a miss  Brit.  avoid; leave alone [英]回避；避开  gave the party a miss  不出席聚会□ miss out   1 Brit.  omit; leave out [英]略去；漏掉  missed out my name from the list  名单上漏掉了我的名字 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) colloq.  fail to get or experience [口]未能得到；未能经历  always misses out on the good times  总是错过好时光□ miss the boat (or bus)   lose an opportunity 坐失良机；错过机会□ a miss is as good as a mile   the fact of failure or escape is not affected by the narrowness of the margin 毫末之错仍为错，死里逃生总是生□ not miss much   be alert 机警；警觉□ not miss a trick   never fail to seize an opportunity, advantage, etc. 从不错过机会(有利条件等)□ missable  adj.   [Old English missan, from Germanic]

miss2 /mis/ n.  1  a girl or unmarried woman 年轻女子；未婚女子 2 (作 Miss)  a  the title of an unmarried woman or girl, or of a married woman retaining her maiden name for professional purposes 小姐(年轻女子、未婚女子或已婚女子因职业关系所持有的称谓)b  the title of a beauty queen (选美)小姐；皇后  Miss World  世界小姐 3 usu. derog. or joc.  a girl, esp. a schoolgirl, with implications of silliness etc. [通常贬] [诙] (尤指学校里的女孩)小姑娘；黄毛丫头 4  the title used to address a female schoolteacher, shop assistant, etc. (对学校女教师或女店员等的称呼)小姐 □ missish  adj. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [abbreviation of MISTRESS]

missal /ˈmis(ə)l/ n. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1  a book containing the texts used in the service of the Mass throughout the year 弥撒书 2  a book of prayers, esp. an illuminated one (尤指带插图的)祷告书 [Middle English from medieval Latin missale, neut. of ecclesiastical Latin missalis ‘of the Mass’, from missa MASS]

missel thrush var.  of MISTLE THRUSH  MISTLE THRUSH 的变体

misshape /misˈʃeip/ v. tr.  give a bad shape or form to; distort 使成奇形怪状；使畸形

misshapen /misˈʃeip(ə)n/ adj.  ill-shaped, deformed, distorted 畸形的；奇形怪状的，歪曲的 □ misshapenly  adv.  □ misshapenness  /misˈʃeip(ə)nnis/ n.  

missile /ˈmisail/ n.  1  an object or weapon suitable for throwing at a target or for discharge from a machine 可投掷(或发射)物(或武器) 2  a weapon, esp. a nuclear weapon, directed by remote control or automatically 飞弹；(尤指)导弹 □ missilery  /-lri/ n.   [Latin missilis from mittere miss- ‘send’]

missing /ˈmisiŋ/ adj.  1  not in its place; lost 不在原处的；找不到的；丢失的 2 (of a person) not yet traced or confirmed as alive but not known to be dead (人)失踪的；下落不明的 3  not present 不在场的

missing link n.  1  a thing lacking to complete a series (系列事物中)所缺的一环 2  a hypothetical intermediate type, esp. between humans and apes (尤指早期人类和类人猿之间的)假想的过渡类型

mission /ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a particular task or goal assigned to a person or group (分派的)任务；使命b  a journey undertaken as part of this 执行任务的历程c  a person's vocation 天职；使命  mission in life  人生的使命 2  a military or scientific operation or expedition for a particular purpose (军事或科学方面的)行动；征程 3  a body of persons sent, esp. to a foreign country, to conduct negotiations etc. (尤指到国外进行谈判等的)外交使团 4  a  a body sent to propagate a religious faith 传教团；布道团b  a field of missionary activity 传教活动的地区c  a missionary post or organization 传教士驻地；传教机构d  a place of worship attached to a mission (传教区的)教堂 5  a particular course or period of preaching, services, etc., undertaken by a parish or community (进行布道、礼拜式等的)布道进程；传道期间 [French mission or Latin missio from mittere miss- ‘send’]

missionary /ˈmiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, concerned with, or characteristic of, religious missions 传教的；与传教有关的；教会的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person doing missionary work 传教士 [modern Latin missionarius from Latin (as MISSION)]

missionary position n. colloq.  a position for sexual intercourse with the woman lying on her back and the man lying on top and facing her [口]传教士姿势(男上女下的性交姿势)

missioner /ˈmiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  1  a missionary 传教士 2  a person in charge of a religious mission 传教士长

mission statement n.  a declamation made by a company etc. of its general principles of operation (公司等的)方针，原则，宗旨

missis /ˈmisis, -iz/ n. (also 亦作 missus /-səz/) slang or joc. [俚语] [诙]  1  a form of address to a woman 对妇女的称谓 2  a wife 老婆；妻子 □ the missis   my or your wife 女主人；太太 [corruption of MISTRESS: cf. MRS]

Mississippi /ˌmisiˈsipi/ n.  密西西比河 [美国]

missive /ˈmisiv/ n.  1 joc.  a letter, esp. a long and serious one [诙]信件(尤指长篇大论的书信) 2  an official letter 公函；公文 [Middle English via medieval Latin missivus from Latin (as MISSION)]

Missouri /miˈzuəri/ n.  密苏里河 [美国]

misspell /misˈspel/ v. tr. (past and past part. -spelt or -spelled)  spell wrongly 错误地拼写 □ misspelling  n.  

misspend /misˈspend/ v. tr. (past and past part. -spent /-ˈspent/) (esp. as 尤作 misspent adj.)  spend amiss or wastefully 滥用；乱花；浪费

misstate /misˈsteit/ v. tr.  state wrongly or inaccurately 误述；谎报；伪称 □ misstatement  n.  

misstep /misˈstep/ n.  1  a wrong step or action 失足；失误 2  a faux pas 有失检点；(女人的)失身

missus var.  of MISSIS  MISSIS 的变体

missy /ˈmisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an affectionate or derogatory form of address to a young girl 姑娘，小姐(对年轻女子的爱昵或戏谑的称谓)

mist /mist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  water vapour near the ground in minute droplets limiting visibility 薄雾b  condensed vapour settling on a surface and obscuring glass etc. (使玻璃等模糊的)水蒸气；水汽 2  dimness or blurring of the sight caused by tears etc. (眼泪等造成的)视线模糊不清 3  a cloud of particles resembling mist 雾状物 ●v. tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, over)  cover or become covered with mist or as with mist 被蒙上水蒸气；变得模糊不清 [Old English from Germanic]

mistake /miˈsteik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an incorrect idea or opinion; a thing incorrectly done or thought 错误；过失；事故 2  an error of judgement 错误估计 ●v. tr. (past mistook /-ˈstʊk/; past part. mistaken /-ˈsteik(ə)n/)  1  misunderstand the meaning or intention of (a person, a statement, etc.) 误解；误会(某人、话语等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  wrongly take or identify 把…误认为…  mistook me for you  把我误认为是你 3  choose wrongly 误选  mistake one's vocation  选错了职业 □ and (or make) no mistake  colloq.  undoubtedly [口]完全可以肯定；不要有半点怀疑；确确实实□ by mistake   accidentally; in error 失误，弄错□ there is no mistaking   one is sure to recognize (a person or thing) (人或物)不可能被认错□ mistakable  adj.  □ mistakably  adv.   [Middle English from Old Norse mistaka (as MIS-1, TAKE)]

mistaken /miˈsteik(ə)n/ adj.  1  wrong in opinion or judgement 错误的；犯错误的 2  based on or resulting from this 由错误观点(判断)所造成的  mistaken loyalty  误置的忠诚 mistaken identity  张冠李戴 □ mistakenly  adv.  □ mistakenness  /miˈsteik(ə)nnis/ n.  

misteach /misˈti:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. -taught /-ˈtɔ:t/)  teach wrongly or incorrectly 错误地教导；误教

mister /ˈmistə/ n.  1  a man without a title of nobility etc. (没有贵族称号的)平民，普通人  a mere mister  平民 2 slang or joc.  a form of address to a man [俚语] [诙] (对男子的称呼)先生 [weakened form of MASTER in unstressed use before a name: cf. MR]

mistigris /ˈmistiɡris/ n. Cards 【牌戏】  1  a blank card used as a wild card in a form of draw poker 百搭(可作任何点数的一张牌) 2  this game 有百搭牌的扑克牌戏 [French mistigri ‘jack of clubs’]

mistime /misˈtaim/ v. tr.  say or do at the wrong time 在不适当的时候说(或做) [Old English mistīmian (as MIS-1, TIME)]

mistitle /misˈtait(ə)l/ v. tr.  give the wrong title or name to 用错头衔；叫错名字

mistle thrush /ˈmis(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 missel thrush)  a large thrush, Turdus viscivorus, with a spotted breast, that feeds on mistletoe berries 檞鸫 [Old English mistel ‘basil, mistletoe’, of unknown origin]

mistletoe /ˈmis(ə)ltəʊ/ n.  1  a parasitic plant, Viscum album, growing on apple and other trees and bearing white glutinous berries in winter 檞寄生 2  a related plant of the genus Phoradendron, native to N. America (北美生长的)檞寄生属植物 [Old English misteltɑˉn (as MISTLE THRUSH, tɑˉn ‘twig’)]

mistook past  of MISTAKE  

mistral /ˈmistr(ə)l, miˈstrɑ:l/ n.  a cold northerly wind that blows down the Rhône valley and southern France into the Mediterranean 密史脱拉风(地中海地区的干冷北风) [French & Provençal from Latin magistralis (ventus), literally ‘master wind’ (as MAGISTRAL)]

mistranslate /mistrænsˈleit, -trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  translate incorrectly 误译；错译 □ mistranslation  n.  

mistreat /misˈtri:t/ v. tr.  treat badly 虐待 □ mistreatment  n.  

mistress /ˈmistris/ n.  1  a female head of a household 女主人；主妇 2  a  a woman in authority over others 有权女性b  the female owner of a pet 宠物的女主人 3  a woman with power to control etc. 有控制(或支配等)作用的女子 often foll. by 常后跟 of: mistress of the situation  能控制局面的女子 4 Brit. [英]  a  a female teacher 女教师  music mistress  音乐女教师b  a female head of a college etc. 女校长(女院长等) 5  a  a woman (other than his wife) with whom a married man has a (usu. prolonged) sexual relationship 情妇(不是妻子，但与其通常有长期的性关系)b archaic or poet.  a woman loved and courted by a man [古义] [诗]情人；爱人 6 archaic or dial. [古义] [方] (as a title 作为一种称呼)  = MRS.  [Middle English from Old French maistresse, from maistre MASTER]

Mistress of the Robes n. (in the UK) a lady in charge of the Queen's wardrobe (英国) (女王或王后的)服装侍从女官长

mistrial /misˈtraiəl, ˈmistraiəl/ n.  1  a trial rendered invalid through some error in the proceedings 无效审判 2 US  a trial in which the jury cannot agree on a verdict [美]未决审判

mistrust /misˈtrʌst/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  be suspicious of 不信任 2  feel no confidence in (a person, oneself, one's powers, etc.) 不相信(某人、自己、某人的权力等) ●n.  1  suspicion 怀疑 2  lack of confidence 不信任

mistrustful /misˈtrʌstfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  suspicious 怀疑的 2  lacking confidence or trust 不信任的；多疑的 □ mistrustfully  adv.  □ mistrustfulness  n.  

misty /ˈmisti/ adj. (mistier, mistiest)  1  of or covered with mist 有雾的；笼罩着雾的 2  indistinct or dim in outline 朦胧的，朦胧不清的 3  obscure, vague 模糊的；含糊不清的  a misty idea  模糊的思想 □ mistily  adv.  □ mistiness  n.   [Old English mistig (as MIST)]

mistype /misˈtaip/ v. tr.  type wrongly (键盘)错误录入；用打字机错打 [MIS-1 + TYPE]

misunderstand /ˌmisʌndəˈstænd/ v. tr. (past and past part. misunderstood /-ˈstʊd/)  1  fail to understand correctly 错误理解 2 (usu. as 通常作 misunderstood adj.)  misinterpret the words or actions of (a person) (对某人)误解(的)；曲解(的)

misunderstanding /ˌmisʌndəˈstændiŋ/ n.  1  a failure to understand correctly 误解；误会；曲解 2  a slight disagreement or quarrel 争执；不和

misusage /misˈju:sidʒ/ n.  1  wrong or improper usage 误用；滥用 2  ill-treatment 虐待；苛待

misuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /misˈju:z/  1  use wrongly; apply to the wrong purpose 误用；滥用 2  ill-treat 虐待；苛待 ●n. /misˈju:s/  wrong or improper use or application 误用；滥用；错用 □ misuser  n.  

misère /miˈzɛə/ n. Cards (in solo whist etc.) a declaration undertaking to win no tricks 【牌戏】(一人对三人的惠斯特纸牌戏等)以得零墩为胜的叫牌 [French, = poverty, MISERY]

MIT abbr.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology [缩略] (美国)麻省理工学院

Mitch /mitʃ/   米奇 [人名]

Mitchell /ˈmitʃəl/   米切尔 [人名]

mite1 /mait/ n.  a very small arachnid of the order Acarina, having four pairs of legs when adult 螨 [Old English mīte, from Germanic]

mite2 /mait/ n. & adv. ●n.  1 hist.  a Flemish copper coin of small value [史义]法兰德小值铜币 2  any small monetary unit 小的货币单位 3  a small object or person, esp. a child 小东西；小家伙(尤指小孩) 4  a modest contribution; the best one can do 力所能及的微小贡献；一臂之力  offered my mite of comfort  仅能用心里话安慰 ●adv. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 a) colloq.  somewhat [口]一点；稍许；几分  is a mite shy  几分羞涩 [Middle English via Middle Low German, Middle Dutch mīte from Germanic: probably the same as MITE1]

miter US var.  of MITRE [美] MITRE 的变体

Mithraism /ˈmiθrəiz(ə)m, ˈmiθrei-/ n.  the cult of the ancient Persian god Mithras associated with the sun 密特拉教(太阳神)崇拜 □ Mithraic  /-ˈθreiik/ adj.  □ Mithraist  n.   [Latin Mithras via Greek Mithras and Old Persian Mithra from Sanskrit Mitra]

mithridatize /miˈθridətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  render proof against a poison by administering gradually increasing doses of it (逐渐增加服毒剂量)使产生耐毒性 □ mithridatic  /-ˈdætik/ adj.  □ mithridatism  /-dətiz(ə)m/ n.   [from the name of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus (d. 63 BC), who reputedly made himself immune to poisons by constantly taking antidotes]

mitigate /ˈmitiɡeit/ v. tr.  make milder or less intense or severe; moderate 使缓和；使镇静；使温和  your offer certainly mitigated their hostility  您的提议确实减少了他们之间的敌意 □ mitigable  adj.  □ mitigation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mitigator  n.  □ mitigatory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin mitigare mitigat-, from mitis ‘mild’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at MILITATE. 见 MILITATE 的用法说明。 

mitigating circumstance n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Law  a circumstance permitting greater leniency 【法律】(可使罪行)减轻的情节

mitochondrion /maitəˈkɒndriən/ n. (pl. mitochondria /-driə/) Biol.  an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, containing enzymes for respiration and energy production 【生】线粒体 [modern Latin, from Greek mitos ‘thread’ + khondrion, diminutive of khondros ‘granule’]

mitosis /maiˈtəʊsis/ n. Biol.  a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus (cf. 参见 MEIOSIS 1) 【生】有丝分裂 □ mitotic  /-ˈtɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek mitos ‘thread’]

mitral /ˈmaitr(ə)l/ adj.  of or like a mitre (似)主教冠形的 [modern Latin mitralis from Latin mitra ‘girdle’]

mitral valve n.  a two-cusped valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart 二尖瓣

mitre /ˈmaitə/ n. & v. (US [美] miter) ●n.  1  a tall deeply cleft headdress worn by bishops and abbots, esp. as a symbol of office 主教冠(尤作为职位的标志) 2 (in full 全称 mitre joint)  the joint of two pieces of wood or other material at an angle of 90°, such that the line of junction bisects this angle (45 度)斜接；斜角缝 3  a diagonal join of two pieces of fabric that meet at a corner, made by folding (织物的角上)斜拼接 ●v.  1 tr.  bestow the mitre on (a bishop or abbot) 给(主教或男住持)加冠 2 tr. & intr.  join with a mitre (使)斜接 □ mitred  adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Latin mitra from Greek mitra ‘girdle, turban’]

mitre box n. (also 亦作 mitre block, mitre board)  each of various types of guide for a saw in cutting mitre joints 辅锯箱

mitre wheel n.  either of a pair of bevelled cogwheels with teeth set at 45° and axes at right angles 等径伞齿轮

mitt /mit/ n.  1  = MITTEN 1  2  a glove leaving the fingers and thumb exposed (女用露指)长手套 3 slang  a hand or fist [俚语]手；拳 4  a baseball glove for catching the ball 棒球(接球)手套 [abbreviation of MITTEN]

mitten /ˈmit(ə)n/ n.  1  a glove with two sections, one for the thumb and the other for all four fingers (大拇指单独分开的)连指手套，独指手套 2 (in pl. 用复数) slang  boxing gloves [俚语]拳击手套 □ mittened  adj.   [Middle English from Old French mitaine, ultimately from Latin medietas ‘half’: see MOIETY]

mittimus /ˈmitiməs/ n.  a warrant committing a person to prison 徒刑执行令；下狱状 [Middle English from Latin, = we send]

mitzvah /ˈmitsvə/ n. (pl. mitzvoth /-vɒt/) in Judaism 犹太教中 :  1  a precept or commandment 戒条；戒律 2  a good deed done from religious duty 善行 [Hebrew miswɑˉh ‘commandment’]

mix /miks/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  combine or put together (two or more substances or things) so that the constituents of each are diffused among those of the other(s) 将(两种或更多的物质或事情)混合 2 tr.  prepare (a compound, cocktail, etc.) by combining the ingredients 配制；调制(混合物、鸡尾酒等) 3 tr.  combine (an activity etc.) with another simultaneously 使(一项活动等)同时进行  mix business and pleasure  工作娱乐相结合 4 intr.  a  join, be mixed, or combine, esp. readily (尤指迅速地)混合；搀和  oil and water will not mix  油水不能混合b  be compatible 相协调c  be sociable 好交际；善于社交  must learn to mix  必须学会与人交往 5 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with) (of a person) be harmonious or sociable with; have regular dealings with (人)交往；结交；相处；合得来b (foll. by 后跟 in)  participate in 参与 6 tr.  drink different kinds of (alcoholic liquor) in close succession (接连地)混饮(不同种类的酒) 7 tr.  combine (two or more sound signals) into one 混合(两种或多种音频信号) 8 tr. Mus.  produce (a recording) by combining a number of separate recordings or soundtracks 【音】混合录制(节目) ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of mixing; a mixture 混合；混合物b  the proportion of materials etc. in a mixture (混合物中物质的)成分比例 2 colloq.  a group of persons of different types [口]社会各色人混杂的一群  social mix  社会各色人物 3  the ingredients prepared commercially for making a cake etc. or for a process such as making concrete (制作糕点、混凝土等的)干配料 4  the merging of film pictures or sound (电影上的)叠化；混音 □ be mixed up in (or with)   be involved in or with (esp. something undesirable) 加入；参与；卷入(尤指不好的事情)□ mix and match   select from a range of alternative combinations 从不同组合中选择□ mix in   be harmonious or sociable 和睦相处，合得来□ mix it (US [美] mix it up)  colloq.  start fighting [口]打起来□ mix up   1  mix thoroughly 调匀；拌匀 2  confuse; mistake the identity of 混淆；混同；认错□ mixable  adj.   [back-formation from MIXED (taken as past part.)]

mixed /mikst/ adj.  1  of diverse qualities or elements 各式各样的；混合的 2  containing persons from various backgrounds etc. (各阶层等)混杂的 3  for or involving persons of both sexes 男女混合的；包括男女的  a mixed school  男女生混合学校 mixed bathing  男女同浴 □ mixedness  n.   [Middle English mixt via Old French mixte from Latin mixtus, past part. of miscēre ‘mix’]

mixed bag n. (also 亦作 mixed bunch)  a diverse assortment of things or persons 大杂烩；(人或物的)混合体

mixed blessing n.  a thing having advantages and disadvantages 祸福兼容的事物；利弊兼容的事物

mixed crystal n.  a crystal formed from more than one substance 混晶

mixed doubles n. pl. Tennis  etc. a doubles game with a man and a woman as partners on each side 【网球】混合双打

mixed economy n.  an economic system combining private and State enterprise (私营、公有企业相结合的)混合经济

mixed farming n.  farming of both crops and livestock (耕作和畜牧业结合的)混合农作

mixed feelings n. pl.  a mixture of pleasure and dismay about something 悲喜交集

mixed grill n.  a dish of various grilled meats and vegetables etc. (烤肉加菜底的)烤杂排

mixed marriage n.  a marriage between persons of different races or religions 异族(异教)通婚

mixed media n. & adj. ●n.  the use of a variety of mediums in an entertainment, work of art, etc. (在娱乐、文艺作品等中的)混合效应法 ●attrib. adj. (also 亦作 mixed-media)  = MULTIMEDIA 

mixed metaphor n.  a combination of inconsistent metaphors (e.g. 如 this tower of strength will forge ahead 这座力量之塔将勇往直前) (不协调的)混合隐喻

mixed number n.  an integer and a proper fraction 带分数

mixed-up adj. colloq.  mentally or emotionally confused; socially ill-adjusted [口] (精神上、情感上)混乱的；迷惑的；不适应社会环境的

mixer /ˈmiksə/ n.  1  a device for mixing foods etc. or for processing other materials (食物等的)搅拌器 2  a person who manages socially in a specified way …交际的人  a good mixer  善于交际者 3  a (usu. soft) drink to be mixed with another 调制的饮料(通常为软饮料) 4 Broadcasting & Cinematog. 【广播】【电影】  a  a device for merging input signals to produce a combined output in the form of sound or pictures 声频混合器；调音台b  a person who operates this 调音技术员

mixer tap n. Brit.  a tap through which mixed hot and cold water is drawn by means of separate controls [英] (冷热水)混合龙头

mixture /ˈmikstʃə/ n.  1  the process of mixing or being mixed 拌合；混合 2  the result of mixing; something mixed; a combination 混合状态；混合料；混合体 3 Chem.  the product of the random distribution of one substance through another without any chemical reaction taking place between the components, as distinct from a chemical compound 【化】混合物 4  ingredients mixed together to produce a substance, esp. a medicine (尤指药物)合剂  cough mixture  止咳合剂 5  a person regarded as a combination of qualities and attributes 优缺点都有的人，混合特征的人 6  gas or vaporized petrol or oil mixed with air, forming an explosive charge in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机中的)混合气 □ the mixture as before  Brit.  the same treatment repeated [英]照方抓药 [Middle English from French mixture or Latin mixtura (as MIXED)]

mix-up n.  a confusion, misunderstanding, or mistake 混乱；误解；迷惑；错误

mizzen /ˈmiz(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 mizzen-sail) Naut.  the lowest fore-and-aft sail of a fully rigged ship's mizzen-mast 【海】后桅纵帆 [Middle English via French misaine from Italian mezzana ‘mizzen-sail’, fem. of mezzano ‘middle’: see MEZZANINE]

mizzen-mast n.  the mast next aft of the mainmast 后桅

mizzen yard n.  the yard on which the mizzen is extended 后桅横桁

mizzle1 /ˈmiz(ə)l/ n. & v. intr. esp. dial.  drizzle [尤方]细雨；毛毛雨 □ mizzly  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Low German miseln: cf. Middle Dutch miezelen]

mizzle2 /ˈmiz(ə)l/ v. intr. Brit. slang  run away; decamp [英] [俚语]逃走；撤走 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Mk. abbr. [缩略]  1  the German mark 德国马克 2  Mark (esp. in the New Testament) (指《圣经·新约》中的)《马可福音》

mks abbr. [缩略]  metre-kilogram-second 

Mkt. abbr. [缩略]  Market 

ml abbr. [缩略]  1  millilitre(s)  2  mile(s) 

MLA abbr. [缩略]  1  Member of the Legislative Assembly 立法院议员 2  Modern Language Association (of America) (美国)现代语言协会

MLC abbr.  Member of the Legislative Council [缩略]上院议员

MLD abbr.  minimum lethal dose [缩略]最小致死量

MLF abbr.  multilateral nuclear force [缩略]多边核力量

M.Litt. abbr.  Master of Letters [缩略]文学硕士 [Latin Magister Litterarum]

Mlle abbr. [缩略] (pl. Mlles) Mademoiselle  

MLR abbr. [缩略]  minimum lending rate 

m'lud  see 见 LUD 

MM abbr. [缩略]  1  Messieurs  2 (in the UK) Military Medal (英国)军功章 3  Maelzel's metronome (an indication of tempo in music, from the original metronome invented by J.N. Maezel (d. 1838)) 梅智节拍机

mm abbr. [缩略]  millimetre(s) 

Mme abbr. [缩略] (pl. Mmes) Madame  

m.m.f. abbr.  magnetomotive force [缩略]磁通势，磁动势

M.Mus. abbr.  Master of Music [缩略]音乐硕士

MN abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. [英]  Merchant Navy  2 US  Minnesota (in official postal use) [美]明尼苏达州(正式邮政用语)

Mn symb. Chem.  the element manganese [符]【化】(化学元素)锰

M'Naghten rules var.  of MCNAUGHTEN RULES  (see 见 MACN-) MCNAUGHTEN RULES 的变体

mnemonic /niˈmɒnik, ni:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or designed to aid the memory 记忆的；助记的 ●n.  a mnemonic device 助记方法(手段) □ mnemonically  adv.  □ mnemonist  /ˈni:mənist/ n.   [medieval Latin mnemonicus from Greek mnēmonikos, from mnēmōn ‘mindful’]

mnemonics /niˈmɒniks, ni:-/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  the art of improving memory 记忆术 2  a system for this 记忆法

MO abbr. [缩略]  1  Medical Officer  2  money order  3 US  Missouri (in official postal use) [美]密苏里州(正式邮政用语)

Mo symb. Chem.  the element molybdenum [符]【化】(化学元素)钼

Mo. abbr.  Missouri [缩略]密苏里州

mo /məʊ/ n. (pl. mos) colloq.  a moment [口]瞬间  wait a mo  等一会儿 [abbreviation]

mo. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  month 

-mo /məʊ/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a book size by the number of leaves into a sheet of paper has been folded 构成名词，表示“(纸张的)开数”，“(书的)开本” [the final syllable of terms derived from the ablative sing. masc. of Latin ordinal numbers, e.g. DUODECIMO]

moa /ˈməʊə/ n. (pl. moas)  any extinct flightless New Zealand bird of the family Dinornithidae, resembling the ostrich 恐鸟 [Maori]

moan /məʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long murmur expressing physical or mental suffering or pleasure 呜咽声；呻吟声 2  a low plaintive sound of wind etc. (风等的)低啸 3  a complaint; a grievance 不满；牢骚 ●v.  1 intr.  make a moan or moans 呜咽；呻吟 2 intr. colloq.  complain or grumble [口]抱怨；发牢骚 3 tr.  a  utter with moans 呻吟地说出b  lament 哀悼；悲叹 □ moaner  n.  □ moanful  adj.  □ moaningly  adv.   [Middle English from Germanic (probably present, but unrecorded, in Old English)]

moat /məʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  a deep defensive ditch round a castle, town, etc., usu. filled with water (城堡、城镇等四周通常有水的)护城河 ●v. tr.  surround with or as with a moat (似)以护城河围绕 [Middle English mot(e) from Old French mote, motte ‘mound’]

mob /mɒb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a disorderly crowd; a rabble 乌合之众；暴民；乱民 2 (prec. by 前接 the) usu. derog.  the populace [通常贬]人群 3 colloq. [口]  a Brit.  a gang; an associated group of persons [英]一群；一伙b (作 the Mob)  the Mafia or a similar criminal organization 黑手党；犯罪集团 4 Austral.  a flock or herd [澳] (鸟)群；(牛、马、羊)群 ●v. tr. & intr. (mobbed, mobbing)  1 tr.  a  crowd round in order to attack or admire 成群围攻；成群欢呼b (of a mob) attack (暴民)聚众滋扰；聚众袭击c US  crowd into (a building) [美]蜂拥进入(建筑物) 2 intr.  assemble in a mob 聚众骚扰 □ mobber  n. & adj.   [abbreviation of mobile, short for Latin mobile vulgus ‘excitable crowd’: see MOBILE]

mob cap n. hist.  a woman's large indoor cap covering all the hair, worn in the 18th and early 19th c. [史义]头巾式室内女帽 [obsolete (18th c.) mob, originally = slut, + CAP]

mobile /ˈməʊbail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  movable; not fixed; free or able to move or flow easily 可动的；活动的；易动的 2 (of the face etc.) readily changing its expression (面部表情等)多变的；易变的 3 (of a shop, library, etc.) accommodated in a vehicle so as to serve various places (商店、图书馆等)装在车上的；流动的 4 (of a person) able to change his or her social status (人)社会阶层可流动的 ●n.  a decorative structure that may be hung so as to turn freely 活动雕饰 □ mobility  /mə(ʊ)ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via French from Latin mobilis, from movēre ‘move’]

mobile home n.  a large caravan permanently parked and used as a residence 活动住房

mobile phone n. (also 亦作 mobile telephone)  a portable radio telephone 移动电话，手机

mobile sculpture n.  a sculpture having moving parts 活动雕塑

mobilize /ˈməʊbilaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  organize for service or action (esp. troops in time of war) (尤指战时军队)动员b intr.  be organized in this way 调动(起来) 2 tr.  render movable; bring into circulation 使可动；使流通 □ mobilizable  adj.  □ mobilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mobilizer  n.   [French mobiliser (as MOBILE)]

mob law n. (also 亦作 mob rule)  law or rule imposed and enforced by a mob 暴民法；私刑

mobocracy /mɒbˈɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  rule by a mob 暴民统治 2  a ruling mob (作为统治阶级的)暴民

mobster /ˈmɒbstə/ n. slang  a gangster [俚语]暴徒；匪徒；歹徒；恶棍

moccasin /ˈmɒkəsin/ n.  1  a type of soft leather slipper or shoe with combined sole and heel, as originally worn by N. American Indians (最早北美印第安人穿的)“莫卡辛”鞋；软帮鞋 2  a poisonous American snake of the genus Agkistrodon, esp. (in full 全形 water moccasin) the semiaquatic A. piscivorus of the south-eastern US 噬鱼蛇；(尤指美国东南部的)水噬鱼蛇 [American Indian mockasin, makisin]

mocha /ˈmɒkə/ n.  1  a coffee of fine quality 穆哈咖啡；上等咖啡 2  a beverage or flavouring made with this, often with chocolate added 咖啡巧克力饮料(或调味料) 3  a soft kind of leather made from sheepskin 穆哈羊皮 [Mocha, a port on the Red Sea, from where the coffee first came]

mock /mɒk/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  ridicule; scoff at 嘲笑；讥笑b intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  act with scorn or contempt for 嘲讽地模仿，仿效 2 tr.  mimic contemptuously 学样子嘲弄 3 tr.  jeer, defy, or delude contemptuously 嘲弄；蔑视；欺骗 ●attrib. adj.  sham, imitation (esp. without intention to deceive); pretended 假的；模仿的；假装的(尤指无意的欺骗)  a mock battle  模拟战 mock cream  人造奶油 ●n.  1  a thing deserving scorn 笑柄 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  mock examinations [口]模拟考试 □ make mock (or a mock) of   ridicule 嘲弄；嘲笑□ mockable  adj.  □ mockingly  adv.   [Middle English mokke, mocque via Old French mo(c)quer ‘deride’ from Romanic]

mocker /ˈmɒkə/ n.  a person who mocks 嘲笑者；嘲弄者 □ put the mockers on  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  bring bad luck to 使倒霉；带来厄运 2  put a stop to 挫败

mockery /ˈmɒk(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  derision, ridicule 嘲笑；讥笑b  a subject or occasion of this 笑柄；嘲笑的场合 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a counterfeit or absurdly inadequate representation 冒牌；歪曲 3  a ludicrously or insultingly futile action etc. 可笑无益的行为(言论等)；微不足道的行为(言论等) [Middle English from Old French moquerie (as MOCK)]

mock-heroic adj. & n. ●adj. (of a literary style) burlesquing a heroic style (文学体裁)模仿英雄诗文体的 ●n.  such a style 仿英雄体诗

mockingbird /ˈmɒkiŋbɜ:d/ n.  a long-tailed songbird of the American family Mimidae, noted as a mimic of other birds' calls, etc., esp. Mimus polyglottos (模仿其他鸟叫等的)模仿鸟；嘲鸫(尤指小嘲鸫)

mock moon n. Astron.  paraselene 【天】幻月；假月

mock orange n.  a white-flowered heavy-scented shrub, Philadelphus coronarius 西洋山梅花

mock sun n. Astron.  parhelion 【天】(远)幻日；假日

mock turtle soup n.  soup made from a calf's head etc. to resemble turtle soup (用小牛头等制成的)假甲鱼汤

mock-up n.  an experimental model or replica of a proposed structure etc. 试验模型；(所提构造等的)实物模型

MOD abbr. (in the UK) Ministry of Defence [缩略] (英国)国防部

mod1 /mɒd/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  modern, esp. in style of dress (尤指衣着风格上)时髦的；大胆新潮的 ●n. Brit.  a young person (esp. in the 1960s) of a group aiming at sophistication and smart modern dress [英] (尤指 20 世纪 60 年代)摩登派青年 [abbreviation]

mod2 /mɒd/ prep. Math. [数]  = MODULO  [abbreviation]

mod3 /mɒd/ n.  a Highland Gaelic meeting for music and poetry (盖尔人的)音乐诗歌大会 [Gaelic mōd]

modal /ˈməʊd(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to mode or form as opposed to substance (有关)形态的；(有关)形式的 2 Gram 【语法】  a  of or denoting the mood of a verb (表示)动词情态的b (of an auxiliary verb, e.g. would)  used to express the mood of another verb (助动词如 would 所表示)语气的c (of a particle) denoting manner (小品词)指方式的 3 Statistics  of or relating to a mode; occurring most frequently in a sample or population 【统计学】(有关)众数的 4 Mus.  denoting a style of music using a particular mode 【音】调式的 5 Logic (of a proposition) in which the predicate is affirmed of the subject with some qualification, or which involves the affirmation of possiblity, impossibility, necessity, or contingency 【逻辑学】(命题)模态的 □ modally  adv.   [medieval Latin modalis from Latin (as MODE)]

modality /mə(ʊ)ˈdæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being modal 形态；方式 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a prescribed method of procedure 程式 [medieval Latin modalitas (as MODAL)]

mod cons /kɒnz/ n. pl. Brit.  modern conveniences [英]现代生活设施

mode /məʊd/ n.  1  a way or manner in which a thing is done; a method of procedure 方法；方式 2  a prevailing fashion or custom 风尚；流行；时髦 3 Computing  a way of operating or using a system 【计算】模式；程式  print mode  打印状态 4 Statistics  the value that occurs most frequently in a given set of data 【统计学】众数 5 Mus. 【音】  a  each of the scale systems that result when the white notes of the piano are played consecutively over an octave 调式  Lydian mode  利第亚调式b  each of the two main modern scale systems, the major and minor 大调；小调  minor mode  小调式 6 Logic 【逻辑学】  a  the character of a modal proposition 模态b  = MOOD2 2  7 Physics  any of the distinct kinds or patterns of vibration of an oscillating system 【物理学】波型；震荡型 8 N. Amer. Gram. [北美]【语法】  = MOOD2 1  [French mode and Latin modus ‘measure’]

model /ˈmɒd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a representation in three dimensions of an existing person or thing or of a proposed structure, esp. on a smaller scale (尤指小于原物的)模型；雏形 often 常作 attrib.: a model train  火车模型 2  a simplified (often mathematical) description of a system etc., to assist calculations and predictions (常从数学方面支持计算及推断的)模型 3  a figure in clay, wax, etc., to be reproduced in another material (用泥、蜡等做的)原型 4  a particular design or style of a structure or commodity, esp. of a car (尤指汽车的)模型 5  a (foll. by 后跟 of)  an exemplary person or thing 典型；模范  a model of self-discipline  自律的模范b (作 attrib.)  ideal, exemplary 模范的；榜样的  a model student  模范学生 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a person or thing used, or for use, as an example to copy or imitate 样板；榜样  an unlikely model for emulation  不太好仿效的样板 7  a  a person employed to pose for an artist, photographer, etc. (做艺术家、摄影师等的)模特儿b  a person employed to display clothes etc. by wearing them 时装(服装等)模特儿 8  a garment etc. by a well-known designer, or a copy of this (名牌的)服装(款式等) ●v. (modelled, modelling; US [美] modeled, modeling)  1 tr.  a  fashion or shape (a figure) in clay, wax, etc. (用泥、蜡等)塑造(肖像)b (foll. by 后跟 after, on, etc.)  form (a thing in imitation of) 模拟(仿效物) 2  a intr.  act or pose as a model 当模特儿；做模特儿b tr. (of a person acting as a model) display (a garment) (模特儿)展示(时装) 3 tr.  devise a (usu. mathematical) model of (a phenomenon, system, etc.) (通常用数学模型)做出(现象、系统等的)模型 4 tr. Art  cause to appear three-dimensional 【艺术】使具有立体感 □ modeller  n.   [French modelle from Italian modello, ultimately from Latin modulus: see MODULUS]

modem /ˈməʊdem/ n.  a combined device for modulation and demodulation, e.g. between a computer and a telephone line 调制解调器 [modulator + demodulator]

moderate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈmɒd(ə)rət/  1  avoiding extremes; temperate in conduct or expression 不过分的；有节制的；适度的 2  fairly or tolerably large or good 中等的；适中的；公道的 3 (of the wind) of medium strength (风)温和的 4 (of prices) fairly low (价格)较低的 ●n. /ˈmɒd(ə)rət/  a person who holds moderate views, esp. in politics (尤指政治方面)持温和观点者 ●v. /ˈmɒdəreit/  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less violent, intense, rigorous, etc. (使)和缓；(使)减轻(减弱等) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  act as a moderator of or to 做调解人 3 tr. Physics  retard (neutrons) with a moderator 【物理学】使(中子)减速 □ moderately  /-rətli/ adv.  □ moderateness  /-rətnis/ n.  □ moderatism  /ˈmɒd(ə)rətiz(ə)m/ n.   [Middle English from Latin moderatus, past part. of moderare ‘reduce, control’: related to MODEST]

moderation /mɒdəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or an instance of moderating 缓和；减轻 2  the quality of being moderate 温和；中庸 3 Physics  the retardation of neutrons by a moderator (see 见 MODERATOR 5) 【物理学】减速；慢化 4 (in pl. 用复数) (作 Moderations)  the first public examination in some faculties for the Oxford BA degree 牛津大学文学士学位的第一次考试 □ in moderation   in a moderate manner or degree 适度的；有节制的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin moderatio -onis (as MODERATE)]

moderato /mɒdəˈrɑ:təʊ/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  performed at a moderate pace 中庸速度的(地) ●n. (pl. -os)  a piece of music to be performed in this way 中庸速度的乐曲 [Italian (as MODERATE)]

moderator /ˈmɒdəreitə/ n.  1  an arbitrator or mediator 仲裁人；调解人 2  a presiding officer 会议主席；议长 3 Eccl.  a Presbyterian minister presiding over an ecclesiastical body 【教会】(长老会)教政组织的首脑 4  an examiner for Moderations (牛津大学文学士学位的第一次考试)主考人 5 Physics  a substance used in a nuclear reactor to retard neutrons 【物理学】减速剂；慢化剂 □ moderatorship  n.   [Middle English from Latin (as MODERATE)]

modern /ˈmɒd(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the present and recent times 近代的；现代的 2  in current fashion; not antiquated 流行的；摩登的；新式的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a person living in modern times 近代人；现代人 □ modernity  /məˈdɜ:niti/ n.  □ modernly  adv.  □ modernness  /ˈmɒd(ə)nnis/ n.   [French moderne or Late Latin modernus from Latin modo ‘just now’]

modern English n.  English from about 1500 onwards 近代英语

modern history n.  history from the end of the Middle Ages to the present day 近代史

modernism /ˈmɒd(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  modern ideas or methods 现代思想；现代方法b  the tendency of religious belief to harmonize with modern ideas (宗教的)现代主义 2  a modern term or expression 现代词语；现代用法 □ modernist  n.  □ modernistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ modernistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

modernize /ˈmɒd(ə)naiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  make modern; adapt to modern needs or habits 使现代化；使适应于现代的生活(或习惯) 2 intr.  adopt modern ways or views 现代化 □ modernization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ modernizer  n.  

modern Latin n.  Latin since 1500, used esp. in scientific classification 近代拉丁语(公元 1500 年以来主要用于科技文献)

modest /ˈmɒdist/ adj.  1  having or expressing a humble or moderate estimate of one's own merits or achievements 谦虚的；谦逊的；谦恭的 2  diffident, bashful, retiring 羞怯的；害羞的；谦让的 3  decorous in manner and conduct (表现)端庄的；(行为)正派的 4  moderate or restrained in amount, extent, severity, etc.; not excessive or exaggerated (数量、程度、严厉等)不太大的；不太多的；不过分的；适中的  a modest sum  不太多的金额 5 (of a thing) unpretentious in appearance etc. (事物)朴实无华的；朴素的(不虚饰浮夸的等) □ modestly  adv.   [French modeste from Latin modestus ‘keeping due measure’]

modesty /ˈmɒdisti/ n.  the quality of being modest 谦虚；谦逊；谦恭

modicum /ˈmɒdikəm/ n. (foll. by 后跟 of)  a small quantity 少量；一点点 [Latin, = short distance or time, neut. of modicus moderate from modus measure]

modification /ˌmɒdifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of modifying or being modified 修改；更改；缓和；降低 2  a change made 改装；改变；改造 [French or from Latin modificatio (as MODIFY)]

modifier /ˈmɒdifaiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that modifies 修改者；更改者；改良剂；调节剂 2 Gram.  a word, esp. an adjective or noun used attributively, that qualifies the sense of another word (e.g. good and family in a good family house 如短语 a good family house 中的 good 和 family) 【语法】修饰语；修饰成分(尤指形容词或名词)

modify /ˈmɒdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make less severe or extreme; tone down 缓和；减轻；降低  modify one's demands  降低要求 2  make partial changes in; make different 修改；改变；改造；改装 3 Gram.  qualify or expand the sense of (a word etc.) 【语法】(对词等)限定；修饰 4 Phonet.  change (a linguistic unit) 【语音】变换(语言单位) 5 Chem.  change or replace all the substituent radicals of a polymer, thereby changing its physical properties such as solubility etc. 【化】改性(如溶性等)  modified starch  改性淀粉 □ modifiable  adj.  □ modificatory  /-fikeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French modifier from Latin modificare (as MODE)]

modillion /məˈdiljən/ n. Archit.  a projecting bracket under the corona of a cornice in the Corinthian and other orders 【建】飞檐托饰 [French modillon from Italian modiglione, ultimately from Latin mutulus ‘mutule’]

modish /ˈməʊdiʃ/ adj.  fashionable 流行的；时髦的 □ modishly  adv.  □ modishness  n.  

modiste /mɒˈdi:st/ n.  a milliner; a dressmaker (做女服、女帽的)女帽头饰商；女裁缝 [French (as MODE)]

Mods /mɒdz/ n. pl. colloq.  Moderations (see 见 MODERATION 4) [口]牛津大学文学士学位的第一次考试 [abbreviation]

modular /ˈmɒdjʊlə/ adj.  of or consisting of modules or moduli (包括)组件的；模数的 □ modularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.   [modern Latin modularis from Latin modulus: see MODULUS]

modulate /ˈmɒdjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  a  regulate or adjust 调节；调整b  moderate 缓和；减轻 2 tr.  adjust or vary the tone or pitch of (the speaking voice) 改变(嗓音的)音量(音调)；控制嗓音 3 tr.  alter the amplitude or frequency of (a wave) by a wave of a lower frequency to convey a signal 调制(波) 4 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, to) Mus.  change or cause to change from one key to another 【音】(使)转调 □ modulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ modulator  n.   [Latin modulari modulat- ‘to measure’ from modus ‘measure’]

module /ˈmɒdju:l/ n.  1  a standardized part or independent unit used in construction, esp. of furniture, a building, or an electronic system (尤指家具、建筑物或电子系统标准的)组体，模件 2  an independent self-contained unit of a spacecraft (航天器的)舱  lunar module  登月舱 3  a unit or period of training or education (训练、教育的)学习单位 4  a  a standard or unit of measurement 基本测量单位b Archit.  a unit of length for expressing proportions, e.g. the semidiameter of a column at the base 【建】尺度(如圆柱下部半径) [French module or Latin modulus: see MODULUS]

modulo /ˈmɒdjʊləʊ/ prep. & adj. Math.  using, or with respect to, a modulus (see 见 MODULUS 2) 【数】以…为模；模件(的) [Latin, ablative of MODULUS]

modulus /ˈmɒdjʊləs/ n. (pl. moduli /-lai, -li:/) Math. 【数】  1  a  the magnitude of a real number without regard to its sign 模；模数b  the positive square root of the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts of a complex number 绝对值 2  a constant factor or ratio 模量 3 (in number theory) a number used as a divisor for considering numbers in sets giving the same remainder when divided by it (数论中的)系数 4  a constant indicating the relation between a physical effect and the force producing it 比，率 [Latin, = measure, diminutive of modus]

modus operandi /ˌməʊdəs ɒpəˈrændi:, -dai/ n. (pl. modi operandi /ˌməʊdi/)  1  the particular way in which a person performs a task or action 做法；工作方法 2  the way a thing operates 操作方法 [Latin, = way of operating: see MODE]

modus vivendi /ˌməʊdəs viˈvendi:, -dai/ n. (pl. modi vivendi /ˌməʊdi/)  1  a way of living or coping 生活方式；应对方式 2  a  an arrangement whereby those in dispute can carry on pending a settlement 临时解决办法b  an arrangement between people who agree to differ 妥协 [Latin, = way of living: see MODE]

mofette /mɒˈfet/ n.  1  a fumarole 碳酸喷气口 2  an exhalation of vapour from this (碳酸喷气口喷出的)气体 [French mofette or Neapolitan Italian mofetta]

mog /mɒɡ/ n. (also 亦作 moggie /ˈmɒɡi/) Brit. slang  a cat [英] [俚语]猫 [20th c.: variant of Mag, Maggie, pet form of the name Margaret]

Mogadishu /ˌmɒgəˈdiʃu:/ n.  摩加迪沙 [索马里首都]

Mogadon /ˈmɒɡədɒn/ n. propr.  a benzodiazepine drug used to treat insomnia [商标]硝基安定(治疗失眠)

mogul1 /ˈməʊɡ(ə)l/ n.  1 colloq.  an important or influential person [口]大人物；权贵；巨头 2 (作 Mogul) hist. [史义]  a  = MUGHAL b (often 常作 the Great Mogul)  any of the emperors of Delhi in the 16th － 19th c. (莫卧儿帝国的)皇帝 [Persian muɡ̇ul: see MUGHAL]

mogul2 /ˈməʊɡ(ə)l/ n.  a mound on a ski slope formed by skiers turning 滑雪道上的隆起点 [probably from southern German dialect Mugel, Mugl]

MOH abbr.  Medical Officer of Health [缩略]保健检查官

mohair /ˈməʊhɛə/ n.  1  the hair of the angora goat 安哥拉山羊毛，马海毛 2  a yarn or fabric from this, either pure or mixed with wool or cotton 马海毛纱；马海毛织品 [ultimately from Arabic mukayyar, literally ‘choice, select’, assimilated to HAIR]

Mohammedan var.  of MUHAMMADAN  MUHAMMADAN 的变体

Mohawk /ˈməʊhɔ:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a (pl. same 单复同 or Mohawks)  a member of a N. American Indian people (北美印第安人中的)莫霍克人b  the Iroquoian language of this people (莫霍克人说的)易洛魁语 2 Skating  a step from either edge of the skate to the same edge on the other foot in the opposite direction 【滑冰】莫霍克步(一只冰鞋的一刃前进，另一只冰鞋的一刃后退) 3 esp. US  a Mohican hairstyle [尤美]马希坎式发型 ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Mohawks or their language (有关)莫霍克人的；(有关)易洛魁语的 2 esp. US [尤美]  = MOHICANadj. 2  [Narragansett mohowawog, literally ‘man-eaters’]

Mohican /məʊˈhi:k(ə)n, ˈməʊik(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a N. American Indian people of Connecticut (北美印第安人中的)马希坎人 2  a Mohican hairstyle 马希坎式发型 ●adj.  1  of or relating to this people (有关)马希坎人的 2 (of a hairstyle) with the head shaved except for a strip of hair from the middle of the forehead to the back of the neck, often worn in long spikes (发型)马希坎人头发式样的 [native name]

Moho /ˈməʊhəʊ/ n. Geol.  a boundary of discontinuity separating the earth's crust and mantle 【地质】 M 界面(分开地壳与地幔的不连续界限) [named after A. Mohorovičić, Croatian seismologist d. 1936]

moidore /ˈmɔidɔ:/ n. hist.  a Portuguese gold coin, current in England in the 18th c. [史义]莫艾多(葡萄牙旧金币) [Portuguese moeda d'ouro ‘money of gold’]

moiety /ˈmɔiiti/ n. (pl. -ies) Law or literary 【法律】[文学用语]  1  a half 一半 2  each of the two parts into which a thing is divided 一半部分；二分之一 [Middle English via Old French moité, moitié from Latin medietas -tatis ‘middle’ from medius ‘mid, middle’]

moil /mɔil/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v. intr.  drudge (esp. 尤指 toil and moil 艰辛地工作) 辛辛苦苦做工 ●n.  drudgery 辛苦；苦工 [Middle English from Old French moillier ‘moisten, paddle in mud’, ultimately from Latin mollis ‘soft’]

Moira /ˈmɒirə/   莫伊拉 [人名]

moire /mwɑ:/ n. (in full 全称 moire antique)  watered fabric, originally mohair, now usu. silk (原为马海毛，现通常为丝绸的)云纹型织物 [French (earlier mouaire) from MOHAIR]

moiré /ˈmwɑ:rei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of silk) watered (丝绸)波纹的；云纹的 2 (of metal) having a patterned appearance like watered silk (金属)有波纹的 ●n.  1  this patterned appearance 波纹；云纹 2  = MOIRE  [French, past part. of moirer (as MOIRE)]

moist /mɔist/ adj.  1  a  slightly wet; damp 潮湿的；湿润的b (of the season etc.) rainy (季节等)多雨的 2 (of a disease) marked by a discharge of matter etc. (疾病)湿(性)的 □ moistly  adv.  □ moistness  n.   [Middle English from Old French moiste, ultimately from or related to Latin mucidus (see MUCUS) and musteus ‘fresh’ (see MUST2)]

moisten /ˈmɔis(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become moist 弄湿；沾湿

moisture /ˈmɔistʃə/ n.  water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapour, or within a solid, or condensed on a surface 潮湿；潮气；水气；湿度 □ moistureless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French moistour (as MOIST)]

moisturize /ˈmɔistʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make less dry (esp. the skin by use of a cosmetic) 使湿润(尤指在皮肤上使用化妆品) □ moisturizer  n.  

moke /məʊk/ n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  a donkey [英]驴子 2 Austral.  a very poor horse [澳]劣马；驽马 [19th c.: origin unknown]

moksha /ˈmɒkʃə/ n. (in Hinduism and Jainism) release from the cycle of rebirth (用于印度教和耆那教，从轮回中)得到解脱 [Sanskrit moksa]

mol /məʊl/ abbr. [缩略]  = MOLE4 

molal /ˈməʊləl/ adj. Chem. (of a solution) containing one mole of solute per kilogram of solvent 【化】(溶液)重模的；克分子的 □ molality  /məˈlæliti/ n.   [MOLE4 + -AL]

molar1 /ˈməʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. of a mammal's back teeth) serving to grind (通常指哺乳动物后牙)用于研磨的；能磨碎的 ●n.  a molar tooth 臼齿 [Latin molaris from mola ‘millstone’]

molar2 /ˈməʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to mass (有关)质量(上)的 2  acting on or by means of large masses or units 作用于大质量(或大单位)的；通过大质量(或大单位)起作用的 [Latin moles mass]

molar3 /ˈməʊlə/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1  of or relating to one mole of a substance (有关)克分子的；摩尔的  molar latent heat  摩尔潜热 2 (of a solution) containing one mole of solute per litre of solvent (溶液)摩尔的；容模的 □ molarity  /məˈlæriti/ n.   [MOLE4 + -AR1]

molasses /məˈlæsiz/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  1  uncrystallized syrup extracted from raw sugar during refining 糖蜜 2 N. Amer.  treacle [北美]糖浆 [Portuguese melaço from Late Latin mellaceum MUST2, from mel ‘honey’]

mold US var.  of MOULD1, MOULD2, MOULD3 [美] MOULD1 、 MOULD2 、 MOULD3 的变体

molder US var.  of MOULDER [美] MOULDER 的变体

molding US var.  of MOULDING [美] MOULDING 的变体

Moldova   摩尔多瓦

moldy US var.  of MOULDY [美] MOULDY 的变体

mole1 /məʊl/ n.  1  any small burrowing insect-eating mammal of the family Talpidae, esp. Talpa europaea, with dark velvety fur and very small eyes 鼹鼠(尤指普通欧鼹) 2 colloq. [口]  a  a spy established deep within an organization and usu. dormant for a long period while attaining a position of trust (通常指长期潜伏的)间谍b  a betrayer of confidential information 内奸，出卖机密情报者 [Middle English molle, probably from Middle Dutch moll(e), mol, Middle Low German mol, mul]

mole2 /məʊl/ n.  a small often slightly raised dark blemish on the skin caused by a high concentration of melanin 痣 [Old English mɑˉl, from Germanic]

mole3 /məʊl/ n.  1  a massive structure serving as a pier, breakwater, or causeway 突堤；防波堤；堤道 2  an artificial harbour 筑有防波堤的海港 [French môle from Latin moles ‘mass’]

mole4 /məʊl/ n. Chem.  the SI unit of amount of substance equal to the quantity containing as many elementary units as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 【化】摩尔，克分子 [German Mol from Molekül MOLECULE]

mole5 /məʊl/ n. Med.  an abnormal mass of tissue in the uterus 【医】胎块 [French môle from Latin mola ‘millstone’]

mole cricket n.  a large burrowing nocturnal cricket-like insect of the family Gryllotalpidae 蝼蛄

molecular /məˈlekjʊlə/ adj.  of, relating to, or consisting of molecules (有关)分子的；由分子组成的 □ molecularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ molecularly  adv.  

molecular biology n.  the study of the structure and function of large molecules associated with living organisms 分子生物学

molecular sieve n.  a crystalline substance with pores of molecular dimensions which permit the passage of molecules below a certain size 分子筛

molecular weight n.  = RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS 

molecule /ˈmɒlikju:l/ n.  1 Chem.  the smallest fundamental unit (usu. a group of atoms) of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction 【化】(通常性质如原子团的)分子 2 (in general use) a small particle (通常用作)微小颗粒 [French molécule from modern Latin molecula, diminutive of Latin moles ‘mass’]

molehill /ˈməʊlhil/ n.  a small mound thrown up by a mole in burrowing 鼹鼠洞；鼹鼠丘 □ make a mountain out of a molehill   exaggerate the importance of a minor difficulty 小题大做

mole rat n.  any of various ratlike rodents with reduced eyes which live underground, esp. of the African family Bathyergidae, often living communally (尤指非洲滨鼠科的)鼹形鼠

moleskin /ˈməʊlskin/ n.  1  the skin of a mole used as fur 鼹鼠(毛)皮 2  a  a kind of cotton fustian with its surface shaved before dyeing 厚毛头斜纹棉布b (in pl. 用复数)  clothes, esp. trousers, made of this 厚毛头斜纹棉布衣服(尤指长裤)

molest /məˈlest/ v. tr.  1  annoy or pester (a person) in a hostile or injurious way 招惹；纠缠(某人) 2  attack or interfere with (a person), esp. sexually 骚扰；干扰(某人) (尤指进行性骚扰) □ molestation  /mɒleˈsteiʃ(ə)n, məʊl-/ n.  □ molester  n.   [Old French molester or Latin molestare ‘annoy’ from molestus ‘troublesome’]

moline /məˈlain/ adj. Heraldry (of a cross) having each extremity broadened and curved back 【纹章学】(十字架)四臂端分叉后弯的 [probably from Anglo-French moliné from molin MILL1, because of the resemblance to the iron support of a millstone]

moll /mɒl/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a gangster's female companion 歹徒的女帮凶 2  a prostitute 妓女 [pet form of the name Mary]

mollify /ˈmɒlifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  appease, pacify 使平静；抚慰 2  reduce the severity of; soften 缓和；减轻；使变温柔 □ mollification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mollifier  n.   [Middle English from French mollifier or Latin mollificare, from mollis ‘soft’]

mollusc /ˈmɒləsk/ n. (US also [美亦] mollusk)  any invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, with a soft body and usu. a hard shell, including limpets, snails, cuttlefish, oysters, mussels, etc. (通常带有硬壳的)软体动物(包括帽贝、蜗牛、乌贼、牡蛎、蛤贝等) □ molluscan  /məˈlʌskən/ adj.  □ molluscoid  /məˈlʌskɔid/ adj.  □ molluscous  /məˈlʌskəs/ adj.   [modern Latin mollusca, neut. pl. of Latin molluscus, from mollis ‘soft’]

Molly /ˈmɒli/   莫利 [人名]

molly /ˈmɒli/ n. (also 亦作 mollie)  a small American freshwater fish of the genus Poecilia, bearing live young, esp. P. sphenops, bred in many colours for aquaria 帆鳉(尤指楔帆鳉) [from modern Latin Mollienisia (former genus name), from Count Mollien, French statesman (d. 1850)]

mollycoddle /ˈmɒlikɒd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  coddle, pamper 溺爱，娇养 ●n.  an effeminate man or boy; a milksop 女人气的男人(或男孩)；懦夫；没骨气的人 [formed as MOLL + CODDLE]

mollymawk /ˈmɒlimɔ:k/ n. (also 亦作 mallemuck /ˈmælimʌk/)  any of various fulmars, petrels, and esp. small albatrosses of the genus Diomedea 大海鸟；海燕；信天翁 [Dutch mallemok, from mal ‘foolish’ + mok ‘gull’]

Moloch /ˈməʊlɒk/ n.  1  a  a Canaanite idol to whom children were sacrificed 摩洛神b  a tyrannical object of sacrifices 引起牺牲的恐怖事物 2 (作 moloch)  a grotesque spiny slow-moving Australian lizard, Moloch horridus (澳大利亚的)摩洛蜥 [Late Latin via Greek Molokh from Hebrew mōlek]

Molotov cocktail /ˈmɒlətɒf/ n.  a crude incendiary device usu. consisting of a bottle filled with inflammable liquid 莫洛托夫燃烧弹(通常用装有可燃液体的瓶子制成的临时替用炸弹) [named after V. M. Molotov, Russian statesman d. 1986]

molt US var.  of MOULT [美] MOULT 的变体

molten /ˈməʊlt(ə)n/ adj. (usu. of materials that need a great deal of heat to melt them) melted, esp. made liquid by heat (通常指耐融物质)熔化的；熔融的(尤指受热后成为液体)  molten lava  熔岩 molten lead  熔铅 [past part. of MELT]

molto /ˈmɒltəʊ/ adv. Mus.  very 【音】极；甚  molto sostenuto  极匀速地 allegro molto  非常活泼地 [Italian, from Latin multus ‘much’]

moly /ˈməʊli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an allium, Allium moly, with small yellow flowers 黄花茖葱 2  a mythical herb with white flowers and black roots, endowed with magic properties 白花黑根魔草 [Latin from Greek mōlu]

molybdenite /məˈlibdənait/ n.  molybdenum disulphide as an ore 辉钼矿

molybdenum /məˈlibdənəm/ n. Chem.  a silver-white brittle metallic transition element occurring naturally in molybdenite and used in steel to give strength and resistance to corrosion (symbol 符 Mo) 【化】(化学元素)钼 [modern Latin, earlier molybdena, originally = molybdenite, lead ore: Latin molybdena from Greek molubdaina ‘plummet’, from molubdos ‘lead’]

mom /mɒm/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  mother [北美口]妈妈 [abbreviation of MOMMA]

Mombasa /mɒmˈbæsə/ n.  蒙巴萨 [肯尼亚港市]

moment /ˈməʊm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a very brief portion of time; an instant 片刻；瞬间；刹那 2  a short period of time (see also 另见 MINUTE1 3a) 时刻  wait a moment  等一会儿 3  an exact or particular point of time 当时；就在那时  at last the moment arrived  终于那个时刻到了 I came the moment you called  你打电话时我来了 4  importance 重要的时刻  of no great moment  无足轻重 5 Physics & Mech. etc. 【物理学】【机】  a  the turning effect produced by a force acting at a distance on an object 矩b  this effect expressed as the product of the force and the distance from its line of action to a point 力矩 □ at the moment   at this time; now 此刻；目前□ have one's moments   be impressive, happy, etc., on occasions 也有走红(得意、出风头、欢乐)的时刻□ in a moment   1  very soon 一会儿 2  instantly 立即；马上□ man (or woman etc.) of the moment   the one of importance at the time in question 当前重要的人，当代要人□ not for a (or one) moment   never; not at all 决不；从来没有□ this moment   immediately; at once 立即；马上；即刻  come here this moment  立刻来这儿 [Middle English via Old French from Latin momentum: see MOMENTUM]

momenta pl.  of MOMENTUM  

momentarily /ˈməʊm(ə)nt(ə)rili, məʊm(ə)nˈterili/ adv.  1  for a moment 片刻地；短暂地 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  at any moment 随时b  instantly 即刻；立即

momentary /ˈməʊm(ə)nt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  lasting only a moment 片刻的；瞬息的 2  short-lived; transitory 短命的；短暂的 □ momentariness  n.   [Latin momentarius (as MOMENT)]

momently /ˈməʊm(ə)ntli/ adv. literary [文学用语]  1  from moment to moment 不停地 2  every moment 每时每刻地 3  for a moment 片刻地

moment of inertia n. Physics  the quantity by which the angular acceleration of a body must be multiplied to give corresponding torque 【物理学】惯性矩；转动惯量

moment of truth n.  a time of crisis or test (originally the final sword-thrust in a bullfight) 严峻考验的时刻；紧要关头(源于斗牛中的最后一剑)

momentous /mə(ʊ)ˈmentəs/ adj.  having great importance 重大的；重要的 □ momentously  adv.  □ momentousness  n.  

momentum /məˈmentəm/ n. (pl. momenta /-tə/)  1 Physics  the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity 【物理学】动量；冲量 2  the impetus gained by movement 动力 3  strength or continuity derived from an initial effort 冲力；势头 [Latin from movimentum, from movēre ‘move’]

momma n. var.  of MAMMA1 MAMMA1 的变体

mommy /ˈmɒmi/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  = MUMMY1 

Mon. abbr. [缩略]  Monday 

Monaco   摩纳哥

monad /ˈmɒnæd, ˈməʊ-/ n.  1  the number one; a unit 单一体；个体 2 Philos.  any ultimate unit of being (e.g. a soul, an atom, a person, God) 【哲】单子(如灵魂、原子、人、上帝) 3 Biol.  a simple organism, e.g. one assumed as the first in the genealogy of living beings 【生】单孢体 □ monadic  /mɒˈnædik/ adj.  □ monadism  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [French monade or Late Latin monas monad- from Greek monas -ados ‘unit’, from monos ‘alone’]

monadelphous /mɒnəˈdelfəs/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1 (of stamens) having filaments united into one bundle (雄蕊)单体的 2 (of a plant) with such stamens (植物)有单体雄蕊的 [Greek monos ‘one’ + adelphos ‘brother’]

monadnock /məˈnædnɒk/ n.  a steep-sided isolated hill resistant to erosion and rising above a plain 残丘 [named after Mount Monadnock in New Hampshire, US]

monandry /mɒˈnændri/ n.  1  the custom of having only one husband at a time 一夫制 2 Bot.  the state of having a single stamen 【植】单雄蕊式 □ monandrous  adj.   [MONO-, on the pattern of polyandry]

monarch /ˈmɒnək/ n.  1  a sovereign with the title of king, queen, emperor, empress, or the equivalent 君主；国王；女王；皇帝；女皇；元首 2  a supreme ruler 最高统治者 3  a powerful or pre-eminent person 有权力的人；显赫的人 4 (in full 全称 monarch butterfly)  a large orange and black butterfly, Danaus plexippus, found mainly in the Americas (美洲)王蝶 5 (in full 全称 monarch flycatcher)  a flycatcher of the Old World family Monarchidae (旧大陆鹟科)王鹟 □ monarchal  /məˈnɑ:k(ə)l/ adj.  □ monarchic  /məˈnɑ:kik/ adj.  □ monarchical  /məˈnɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ monarchically  /məˈnɑ:kik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via French monarque or Late Latin monarcha from Greek monarkhēs, -os, from monos ‘alone’ + arkhō ‘to rule’]

monarchism /ˈmɒnəkiz(ə)m/ n.  the advocacy of or the principles of monarchy 君主主张；君主主义；君主政体 □ monarchist  n.   [French monarchisme (as MONARCHY)]

monarchy /ˈmɒnəki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a form of government with a monarch at the head 君主制 2  a state with this 君主国 □ monarchial  /məˈnɑ:kiəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French monarchie and Late Latin monarchia from Greek monarkhia ‘the rule of one’ (as MONARCH)]

monastery /ˈmɒnəst(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the residence of a religious community, esp. of monks living in seclusion 修道院(尤指隐修院；) 寺院 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin monasterium from ecclesiastical Greek monastērion, via monazō ‘live alone’ from monos ‘alone’]

monastic /məˈnæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to monasteries or the religious communities living in them (有关)隐修院的；(有关)寺院的；出家的 2  resembling these or their way of life; solitary and celibate 隐修院似的；寺院般的；隐修生活般的；苦行的；遁世的 ●n.  a monk or other follower of a monastic rule 僧侣；修士(女) □ monastically  adv.  □ monasticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ monasticize  /-saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French monastique or Late Latin monasticus from Greek monastikos (as MONASTERY)]

monatomic /mɒnəˈtɒmik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1 (esp. of a molecule) consisting of one atom (尤指分子)单原子的 2  having one replaceable atom or radical 单价的

monaural /mɒnˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj.  1  = MONOPHONIC 1  2  of or involving one ear (包含)单耳的；(包含)单耳听觉的 □ monaurally  adv.   [MONO- + AURAL]

monazite /ˈmɒnəzait/ n.  a phosphate mineral containing rare-earth elements and thorium 独居石，磷铈镧矿 [German Monazit from Greek monazō ‘live alone’ (because of its rarity)]

mondaine /mɒ˜ˈden, 法 mɔ˜den/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the fashionable world 社交界的 2  worldly 凡俗的 ●n.  a worldly or fashionable woman 上流社会女士 [French, fem. of mondain: see MUNDANE]

Monday /ˈmʌndei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the second day of the week, following Sunday 星期一 ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Monday 在星期一 2 (作 Mondays)  on Mondays; each Monday 每星期一 [Old English mōnandœg ‘day of the moon’, translation of Late Latin lunae dies]

Monegasque /ˌmɒnəˈgæsk/ adj. & n.  摩纳哥的(人)

Monel /ˈməʊn(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 Monel metal) propr.  a nickel-copper alloy with high tensile strength and resisting corrosion [商标]蒙乃尔镍铜合金 [named after A. Monell, American businessman d. 1921]

monetarism /ˈmʌnit(ə)riz(ə)m/ n.  the theory or practice of controlling the supply of money as the chief method of stabilizing the economy 货币主义(把控制货币发行作为稳定经济的主要方法)

monetarist /ˈmʌnit(ə)rist/ n. & adj. ●n.  an advocate of monetarism 货币主义者 ●adj.  in accordance with the principles of monetarism 货币主义的；以货币为基础的

monetary /ˈmʌnit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of the currency in use 货币的；金融的 2  of or consisting of money (有关)货币的；金钱的 □ monetarily  adv.   [French monétaire or Late Latin monetarius from Latin (as MONEY)]

monetize /ˈmʌnitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  give a fixed value as currency 把…定为法偿币 2  put (a metal) into circulation as money 使(金属制品)货币化 □ monetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French monétiser from Latin (as MONEY)]

money /ˈmʌni/ n.  1  a  a current medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes 货币b  a particular form of this 特种货币  silver money  银币 2 (pl. -eys or -ies) (in pl. 用复数)  sums of money 金额 3  a  wealth; property viewed as convertible into money 财富；财产；资产b  wealth as giving power or influence 财力  money speaks  金钱万能，钱能通神c  a rich person or family 富人；有钱人家  has married into money  嫁到有钱人家 4  a  money as a resource 金钱  time is money  时间就是金钱b  profit, remuneration 赢利；酬金  in it for the money  这里是按价行事 □ for my money   in my opinion or judgement; for my preference 据我来看，依我见  is too aggressive for my money  我看太过于自信了□ have money to burn   see 见 BURN1 □ in the money  colloq.  having or winning a lot of money [口]有钱的；富裕的；赢钱的□ money for jam (or old rope)  Brit. colloq.  profit for little or no trouble [英口]容易赚的钱；不费吹灰之力的事□ put money into   invest in 投资于□ moneyless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French moneie from Latin moneta ‘mint, money’, originally a title of the goddess Juno, in whose temple at Rome money was minted]

moneybags /ˈmʌnibæɡz/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数) colloq. usu. derog.  a wealthy person [口] [通常贬]阔佬

money box n. Brit.  a box for saving money dropped through a slit [英]储金盒

money broker n.  a person who deals in money in the way of exchange, banking, lending, etc. (货币兑换、存、贷等的)经纪人

money changer n.  a person whose business it is to change money, esp. at an official rate (尤指以官价从事兑换的)钱币兑换商

moneyed /ˈmʌnid/ adj.  1  having much money; wealthy 拥有金钱的；富有的 2  consisting of money 钱财方面的  moneyed assistance  金钱的资助

money-grubber n. colloq.  a person greedily intent on amassing money [口]贪财的人；财迷 □ money-grubbing  adj. & n.  

moneylender /ˈmʌnilendə/ n.  a person who lends money, esp. as a business, at interest (尤指作为买卖，为了获取利息的)放款人；放债人 □ moneylending  n. & adj.  

moneymaker /ˈmʌnimeikə/ n.  1  a person who earns much money 赚大钱的人 2  a thing, idea, etc., that produces much money 赚钱的事(赚钱的主意等) □ moneymaking  n. & adj.  

money market n. Stock Exch.  trade in short-term stocks, loans, etc. 【股】(股票、借贷等)短期资金市场

money of account  see 见 ACCOUNT 

money order n.  an order for payment of a specified sum, issued by a bank or Post Office 汇票

money spider n.  a small household spider supposed to bring financial luck 华盖蛛(据说能带来财运)

money-spinner n. esp. Brit.  a thing that brings in a profit [尤英]赚钱的事；赚钱生意

money supply n.  the total amount of money in circulation or in being in a country 货币供应量

money's-worth n. (prec. by 前接 your, my, one's, etc.)  good value for one's money 花钱划得来，值得花钱

moneywort /ˈmʌniwɜ:t/ n.  a trailing evergreen plant, Lysimachia nummularia, with round glossy leaves and yellow flowers 铜钱状珍珠菜

monger /ˈmʌŋɡə/ n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1  a dealer or trader 商人；贩子  fishmonger  鱼贩，鱼商 ironmonger  小五金商 2 usu. derog.  a person who promotes or deals in something specified [通常贬]专门制造(或散布)…的人  warmonger  战争贩子 scaremonger  危言耸听者 [Old English mangere from mangian ‘to traffic’, from Germanic, ultimately from Latin mango ‘dealer’]

Mongol /ˈmɒŋɡ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Asian people now inhabiting Mongolia in central Asia (有关)蒙古人的 2  resembling this people, esp. in appearance (尤指相貌)似蒙古人的 3 (作 mongol) offens.  suffering from Down's syndrome [冒犯]患唐氏综合征的 ●n.  1  a Mongolian 蒙古人 2 (作 mongol) offens.  a person suffering from Down's syndrome [冒犯]唐氏综合征患者 [Mongolian: perhaps from mong ‘brave’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 3 of the adjective and sense 2 of the noun, Down's syndrome should be used in place of mongol in order to avoid offence, e.g. a Down's syndrome baby; She suffers from Down's syndrome. 在形容词释义 3 、名词释义 2 中应该用 Down's syndrome 而不用 mongol ，避免冒犯他人，例如 a Down's syndrome baby (唐氏综合征儿童); She suffers from Down's syndrome (她患有唐氏综合征)。 

Mongolia   蒙古

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡəʊliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Mongolia 蒙古人；蒙古居民 2  the language of Mongolia 蒙古语 ●adj.  of or relating to Mongolia or its people or language (有关)蒙古的；(有关)蒙古人的；(有关)蒙古语的

mongolism /ˈmɒŋɡ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. offens. [冒犯]  = DOWN'S SYNDROME  [MONGOL + -ISM, because its physical characteristics were thought to be reminiscent of Mongolians]■Usage 用法说明 The term Down's syndrome is now much preferred to mongolism which can cause offence. 现在多用 Down's syndrome, 而不太用 mongolism, 因为它可能会冒犯他人。 

Mongoloid /ˈmɒŋɡ(ə)lɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  characteristic of the Mongolians, esp. in having a broad flat yellowish face 蒙古人种的(尤指有一张宽而扁的黄色面孔) 2 (作 mongoloid) offens.  affected with Down's syndrome [冒犯]患唐氏综合征的 ●n.  a Mongoloid or offens. mongoloid person 蒙古人种的；[冒犯]唐氏综合征患者

mongoose /ˈmɒŋɡu:s/ n. (pl. mongooses)  any of various small flesh-eating civet-like mammals of the family Viverridae, esp. of the genus Herpestes 灵猫科动物；(尤指)獴 [Marathi mangūs]

mongrel /ˈmʌŋɡr(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dog of no definable type or breed 杂种狗 2  any other animal or plant resulting from the crossing of different breeds or types 杂种动物；杂交植物 3 offens.  a person of mixed race [冒犯]杂种(指人) ●adj.  of mixed origin, nature, or character 杂种的；杂交的；混杂的 □ mongrelism  n.  □ mongrelize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ mongrelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [earlier meng-, mang- from Germanic: probably related to MINGLE]

'mongst poet. var.  of AMONGST (see 见 AMONG) [诗] AMONGST 的变体

monial /ˈməʊniəl/ n.  a mullion 直棂，竖框 [Middle English from Old French moinel ‘middle’, from moien MEAN3]

Monica /ˈmɒnikə/   莫妮卡 [人名]

monies  see 见 MONEY 2 

moniker /ˈmɒnikə/ n. (also 亦作 monicker, monniker) slang  a name [俚语]名字；绰号 [19th c.: origin unknown]

moniliform /məˈnilifɔ:m/ adj. esp. Anat. & Zool.  with a form suggesting a string of beads (尤)【解】【动】念珠状的 [French moniliforme or modern Latin moniliformis from Latin monile ‘necklace’]

monism /ˈmɒniz(ə)m, ˈməʊ-/ n.  1  any theory denying the duality of matter and mind 一元论 2 Philos. & Theol.  the doctrine that only one supreme being exists (cf. 参见 PLURALISM 3) 【哲】【神】一元论学说(教义) □ monist  n.  □ monistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [modern Latin monismus from Greek monos ‘single’]

monition /məˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of) literary  a warning (of danger) [文学用语] (危险的)征兆 2 Eccl.  a formal notice from a bishop or ecclesiastical court admonishing a person not to commit an offence 【教会】诫谕 [Middle English via Old French from Latin monitio -onis (as MONITOR)]

monitor /ˈmɒnitə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various persons or devices for checking or warning about a situation, operation, etc. (监视形势、运作等的)监控者；监控设备 2  a school pupil with disciplinary or other special duties 班长；级长 3  a  a television receiver used in a studio to select or verify the picture being broadcast 监视器b  = VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT  4  a person who listens to and reports on foreign broadcasts etc. (针对国外广播的)监听者；监听员 5  a detector of radioactive contamination (放射性污染辐射剂量)监测器 6 Zool.  any tropical lizard of the genus Varanus, supposed to give warning of the approach of crocodiles 【动】巨蜥；大壁虎 7 hist.  a heavily armed warship of shallow draught [史义]浅水战舰 ●v. tr.  1  act as a monitor of 监控；监测 2  maintain regular surveillance over 密切注视 3  regulate the technical quality of (a radio transmission, television signal, etc.) 调节(无线电传输、电视信号等) □ monitorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ monitorship  n.   [Latin, from monēre monit- ‘warn’]

monitory /ˈmɒnit(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. literary  giving or serving as a warning [文学用语]告诫的；警告的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Eccl.  a letter of admonition from the Pope or a bishop 【教会】诫谕信 [Latin monitorius (as MONITION)]

monk /mʌŋk/ n.  a member of a religious community of men living under certain vows esp. of poverty, chastity, and obedience (尤指发誓潜心过清贫生活、保持贞节、遵守戒律的)修道士；僧侣 □ monkish  adj.   [Old English munuc, ultimately via Greek monakhos ‘solitary’ from monos ‘alone’]

monkey /ˈmʌŋki/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  any of various mainly long-tailed agile tree-dwelling primates of the families Cebidae, Callithricidae, and Cercopithecidae 猴；猿 2  a mischievous person, esp. a child 淘气鬼；捣蛋鬼(尤指小孩)  young monkey  小淘气 3 Brit. slang  £ 500 [英] [俚语] 500 英镑 4 (in full 全称 monkey engine)  a machine hammer for piledriving etc. (打桩等用的)打桩锤 ●v. (-eys, -eyed)  1 tr.  mimic or mock 模仿；学样 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  tamper or play mischievous tricks 捣蛋；胡闹 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 around, about)  fool around 鬼混；闲荡 □ have a monkey on one's back  slang  be a drug addict [俚语]毒瘾很深□ make a monkey of   humiliate by making appear ridiculous 使出丑；耍弄；嘲弄□ monkeyish  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown (perhaps Low German)]

monkey bars n. pl. N. Amer. [北美]  = CLIMBING FRAME 

monkey bread n.  the baobab tree or its fruit 猴面包树；猴面包树的果实

monkey business n. colloq.  mischief [口]骗人把戏；恶作剧；捣鬼

monkey engine  see 见 MONKEY n. 4 

monkey flower n.  a mimulus, esp. Mimulus cardinalis, with bright yellow flowers 沟酸浆(尤指品红沟酸浆)

monkey-jacket n.  a short close-fitting jacket worn by sailors etc. or at a mess (水手等所穿或用餐时穿的)紧身短上衣

monkey-nut n. Brit.  a peanut [英]落花生

monkey-puzzle n. (in full 全称 monkey-puzzle tree)  a coniferous tree, Araucaria araucana, native to Chile, with downward-pointing branches and small close-set leaves (智利)猴谜树

monkeyshine /ˈmʌŋkiʃain/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) US colloq. [美口]  = MONKEY TRICKS 

monkey suit n. colloq.  evening dress [口]晚礼服

monkey tricks n. pl. Brit. colloq.  mischief [英口]把戏；恶作剧

monkey wrench n. & v. ●n.  a wrench with an adjustable jaw 活扳手 ●v. tr. (作 monkeywrench)  sabotage, esp. as a means of environmentalist protest 破坏(尤作为环境保护者抗议的一种手段) □ monkeywrenching  n.  

monkfish /ˈmʌŋkfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 单复通常同)  1  an angler fish, esp. Lophius piscatorius, often used as food 垂钓鱼(尤指鮟鱇鱼) 2  a large cartilaginous fish, Squatina squatina, with a flattened body and large pectoral fins ; also called 亦称作 angel-shark 扁鲨

monkshood /ˈmʌŋkshʊd/ n.  a poisonous garden plant Aconitum napellus, with hood-shaped blue or purple flowers 乌头，庭园狼毒乌头

monniker var.  of MONIKER  MONIKER 的变体

mono /ˈmɒnəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  monophonic 单声道的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a monophonic record, reproduction, etc. 单声道录音(单声道放音等) [abbreviation]

mono- /ˈmɒnəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (usu. mon- before a vowel 元音前通常作 mon-)  1  one, alone, single 单；一；单一 2 Chem. (forming names of compounds) containing one atom or group of a specified kind 【化】(构成化合物名称)一的；单的 [Greek from monos ‘alone’]

monoacid /mɒnəʊˈæsid/ n. Chem. (of a base) having one replaceable hydroxide ion 【化】(碱)一元酸

monobasic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈbeisik/ adj. Chem. (of an acid) having one replaceable hydrogen atom 【化】(酸)一价的；一元的

monocarpic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:pik/ adj. (also 亦作 monocarpous /-ˈkɑ:pəs/) Bot.  bearing fruit only once 【植】只结一次果的 [MONO- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

monocausal /mɒnəʊˈkɔ:z(ə)l/ adj.  in terms of a sole cause 单一原因的

monocephalous /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈsef(ə)ləs, -ˈkef-/ adj. Bot.  having only one head 【植】具单头状花序的

monochord /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)kɔ:d/ n. Mus.  an instrument with a single string and a movable bridge, used esp. to determine intervals 【音】(通常尤指决定音程的)一弦琴 [Middle English via Old French monocorde and Late Latin monochordon from Greek monokhordon (as MONO-, CHORD1)]

monochromatic /mɒnə(ʊ)krəˈmætik/ adj.  1 Physics (of light or other radiation) of a single wavelength or frequency 【物理学】(光和其他辐射)单色的；单频的 2  containing only one colour 只含单色的 □ monochromatically  adv.  

monochromatism /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.  complete colour-blindness in which all colours appear as shades of one colour 全色盲症

monochrome /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm, mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊm/ n. & adj. ●n.  a photograph or picture done in one colour or different tones of this, or in black and white only 黑白照片；单色图片 ●adj.  having or using only one colour or in black and white only (使用)单色的；(使用)黑白的 □ monochromic  /-ˈkrəʊmik/ adj.   [ultimately from Greek monokhrōmatos (as MONO-, khrōmatos from khrōma ‘colour’)]

monocle /ˈmɒnək(ə)l/ n.  a single eyeglass 单片眼镜 □ monocled  adj.   [French, originally adj., from Late Latin monoculus ‘one-eyed’ (as MONO-, oculus ‘eye’)]

monocline /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)klain/ n. Geol.  a bend in rock strata that are otherwise uniformly dipping or horizontal 【地质】单斜结构，单斜褶皱 □ monoclinal  /-ˈklain(ə)l/ adj.   [MONO- + Greek klinō ‘lean, dip’]

monoclinic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈklinik/ adj. (of a crystal) having one axial intersection oblique (晶体)单斜(晶系)的 [MONO- + Greek klinō ‘lean, slope’]

monoclonal /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkləʊn(ə)l/ adj.  forming a single clone; derived from a single individual or cell 单克隆的；单细胞系的

monoclonal antibody n.  an antibody produced by a single clone of cells or cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules 单克隆抗体类

monocoque /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)kɒk/ n.  an aircraft or vehicle structure in which the chassis is integral with the body 硬壳式构造；硬壳式机身；单壳体本身 [French (as MONO-, coque ‘shell’)]

monocot /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)kɒt/ n.  = MONOCOTYLEDON  [abbreviation]

monocotyledon /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)kɒtiˈli:d(ə)n/ n. Bot.  any flowering plant with a single cotyledon 【植】单子叶植物 □ monocotyledonous  adj.  

monocracy /məˈnɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  government by one person only 独裁政治 □ monocratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  

monocular /məˈnɒkjʊlə/ adj.  with or for one eye 单眼的；单目的 □ monocularly  adj.   [Late Latin monoculus ‘having one eye’]

monoculture /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)kʌltʃə/ n.  the cultivation of a single crop (农作物)单作

monocycle /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)saik(ə)l/ n.  = UNICYCLE 

monocyte /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)sait/ n. Biol.  a large leucocyte with a simple nucleus, developing into a macrophage 【生】单核细胞

monodactylous /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈdæktiləs/ adj.  having one finger, toe, or claw 单指的；单趾的；单爪的

monodrama /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)drɑ:mə, mɒnə(ʊ)ˈdrɑ:mə/ n.  a dramatic piece for one performer 单人剧；独角戏

monody /ˈmɒnədi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an ode sung by a single actor in a Greek tragedy (希腊悲剧中)独唱颂歌 2  a poem lamenting a person's death 挽歌；挽诗 3 Mus.  a composition with only one melodic line 【音】单音音乐；主调音乐 □ monodic  /məˈnɒdik/ adj.  □ monodist  n.   [Late Latin monodia from Greek monōidia, from monōidos ‘singing alone’ (as MONO-, ODE)]

monoecious /məˈni:ʃəs/ adj.  1 Bot.  with unisexual male and female organs on the same plant 【植】雌雄同株的 2 Zool.  hermaphrodite 【动】雌雄同体的 [modern Latin Monoecia, the class of such plants (Linnaeus), from Greek monos ‘single’ + oikos ‘house’]

monofilament /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)filəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a single strand of man-made fibre 单丝(人造纤丝) 2  a type of fishing line using this 单丝鱼线

monogamy /məˈnɒɡəmi/ n.  1  the practice or state of being married to one person at a time 一夫一妻制 2 Zool.  the habit of having only one mate at a time 【动】单配偶 □ monogamist  n.  □ monogamous  adj.  □ monogamously  adv.   [French monogamie via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek monogamia (as MONO-, gamos ‘marriage’)]

monogenesis /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 monogeny /məˈnɒdʒini/)  1  the theory of the development of all beings from a single cell 单细胞源论 2  the theory that humankind descended from one pair of ancestors (人类由一对夫妇繁衍而来的)人类同源论 □ monogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

monoglot /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)ɡlɒt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  using only one language 用单一语言的 ●n.  a monoglot person 用单一语言的人 [Greek monoglōttos (as MONO-, glōtta ‘tongue’)]

monogram /ˈmɒnəɡræm/ n.  two or more letters, esp. a person's initials, interwoven as a device (尤由某人姓名的首字母组成的)交织字母 □ monogrammatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ monogrammed  adj.   [French monogramme via Late Latin monogramma from Greek (as MONO-, -GRAM)]

monograph /ˈmɒnəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  a separate treatise on a single subject or an aspect of it 专著；专论；专题著作 ●v. tr.  write a monograph on 写…的专题著作 □ monographer  /məˈnɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ monographist  /məˈnɒɡrəfist/ n.  □ monographic  /mɒnəˈɡræfik/ adj.   [earlier monography: modern Latin monographia from monographus ‘writer on a single genus or species’ (as MONO-, -GRAPH, -GRAPHY)]

monogynous /məˈnɒdʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having only one pistil 【植】有单一雌蕊的

monogyny /məˈnɒdʒini/ n.  the custom of having only one wife at a time 一妻制 [MONO- + Greek gunē ‘woman, wife’]

monohull /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)hʌl/ n.  a boat with a single hull 单体船

monohybrid /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈhaibrid/ n. & adj. ●n. Biol.  a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of one gene 【生】单因子杂种 ●adj.  of or relating to inheritance of alleles of one gene (有关)单因子杂种的

monohydric /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈhaidrik/ adj. Chem.  containing one hydroxyl group 【化】一羟基的 [MONO- + HYDROGEN + -IC]

monokini /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈki:ni/ n.  a woman's one-piece beach garment equivalent to the lower half of a bikini 单片女泳装 [MONO- + BIKINI, by false association with BI-]

monolayer /ˈmɒnəleiə/ n.  1 Chem.  a layer only one molecule in thickness 【化】单分子层 2 Biol. & Med.  a cell culture in a layer one cell thick 【生】【医】单细胞层

monolingual /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  speaking or using only one language (只使用)单语的

monolith /ˈmɒn(ə)liθ/ n.  1  a single block of stone, esp. shaped into a pillar or monument (尤指形似柱或碑状的)独块巨石 2  a person or thing like a monolith in being massive, immovable, or solidly uniform 坚如磐石的人(或物) 3  a large block of concrete 块体混凝土 □ monolithic  /-ˈliθik/ adj.   [French monolithe from Greek monolithos (as MONO-, lithos ‘stone’)]

monologue /ˈmɒn(ə)lɒɡ/ n.  1  a  a scene in a drama in which a person speaks alone 独角戏b  a dramatic composition for one performer 独白 2  a long speech by one person in a conversation etc. (交谈等中一个人的)长篇大论 □ monologic  /-ˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ monological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ monologist  /məˈnɒlədʒist/ n. (also 亦作 -loguist /-ɡist/)  □ monologize  /məˈnɒlədʒaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French, from Greek monologos ‘speaking alone’ (as MONO-, -LOGUE)]

monomania /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  obsession of the mind by one idea or interest 单狂；偏狂 □ monomaniac  n. & adj.  □ monomaniacal  /-məˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.   [French monomanie (as MONO-, -MANIA)]

monomer /ˈmɒnəmə/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a unit in a dimer, trimer, or polymer (双聚物、三聚物或多聚物等中的)单元 2  a molecule or compound that can be polymerized (cf. 参见 DIMER) 单聚物；单体 □ monomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  

monomial /məˈnəʊmiəl/ adj. & n. Math. 【数】  ●adj. (of an algebraic expression) consisting of one term (代数式)单项的 ●n.  a monomial expression 单项式 [MONO-, on the pattern of binomial]

monomolecular /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)məˈlekjʊlə/ adj. Chem. (of a layer) only one molecule in thickness 【化】单(层)分子的

monomorphic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (also 亦作 monomorphous /-ˈmɔ:fəs/) Biochem.  not changing form during development 【生化】单型的；单态的；单形的 □ monomorphism  n.   [MONO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

mononucleosis /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)nju:kliˈəʊsis/ n.  an abnormally high proportion of monocytes in the blood, esp. = GLANDULAR FEVER 单核细胞增多症 [MONO- + NUCLEO- + -OSIS]

monopetalous /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈpet(ə)ləs/ adj. Bot.  having the corolla in one piece, or the petals united into a tube 【植】单瓣的

monophonic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈfɒnik/ adj.  1 (of sound reproduction) using only one channel of transmission (cf. 参见 STEREOPHONIC) (放出声音)单声道的 2 Mus.  homophonic 【音】单声部音乐的 □ monophonically  adv.   [MONO- + Greek phōnē ‘sound’]

monophthong /ˈmɒnəfθɒŋ/ n. Phonet.  a single vowel sound 【语音】单元音 □ monophthongal  /-ˈθɒŋɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek monophthoggos (as MONO-, phthoggos ‘sound’)]

monophyletic /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)faiˈletik/ adj. Biol. (of a group of organisms) descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, esp. one not shared with any other group 【生】(有机体群落)由同一类型进化的(尤指不与其他群落无关的) [MONO- + PHYLETIC]

Monophysite /məˈnɒfisait/ n.  a person who holds that there is only one nature (partly divine, partly and subordinately human) in the person of Christ 基督一性论者(认为基督的神性与人性合一) [ecclesiastical Latin monophysita from ecclesiastical Greek monophusitēs (as MONO-, phusis ‘nature’)]

monoplane /ˈmɒnəplein/ n.  an aeroplane with one set of wings (cf. 参见 BIPLANE) 单翼机

monopod /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)pɒd/ n.  a structure having only one foot, esp. a one-legged support for a camera 单足；单脚(尤指相机单脚支架) [Latin monopodium from Greek monopodion (as MONO-, pod, pous ‘foot’)]

monopole1 /ˈmɒnəpəʊl/ n.  1 Physics  a single electric charge or magnetic pole, esp. a hypothetical isolated magnetic pole 【物理学】单极；磁单极子(尤指假设孤立的磁极) 2  a radio aerial, pylon, etc. consisting of a single pole or rod (无线电、标杆等)单极天线 [MONO- + (in sense 1) POLE2, (in sense 2) POLE1]

monopole2 /ˈmɒnəpəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 Monopole)  a champagne exclusive to one shipper (独家经营的)香槟酒 [French monopole MONOPOLY]

monopolist /məˈnɒp(ə)list/ n.  a person who has or advocates a monopoly 垄断者；垄断论者 □ monopolistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

monopolize /məˈnɒpəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  obtain exclusive possession or control of (a trade or commodity etc.) (贸易、商品等)垄断；专卖 2  dominate or prevent others from sharing in (a conversation, person's attention, etc.) 独占；完全控制(谈话、某人的注意力等) □ monopolization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ monopolizer  n.  

monopoly /məˈnɒp(ə)li/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the exclusive possession or control of the trade in a commodity or service 垄断；专卖b  this conferred as a privilege by the State 垄断权；专卖权；专利权 2  a  a commodity or service that is subject to a monopoly 垄断商品(或服务)b  a company etc. that possesses a monopoly 垄断企业(公司等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of, on)  exclusive possession, control, or exercise 独有；完全控制；完全操纵 [Latin monopolium from Greek monopōlion (as MONO-, pōleō ‘sell’)]

monorail /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)reil/ n.  a railway in which the track consists of a single rail, usu. elevated with the train units suspended from it (通常高架悬空的)单轨铁路

monosaccharide /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈsækəraid/ n. Chem.  a sugar that cannot be hydrolysed to give a simpler sugar, e.g. glucose 【化】单糖(如葡萄糖)

monosodium glutamate /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈsəʊdiəm/ n. Chem.  a sodium salt of glutamic acid used to flavour food (cf. 参见 GLUTAMATE) 【化】谷氨酸一钠

monospermous /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈspɜ:məs/ adj. Bot.  having one seed 【植】单种子的 [MONO- + Greek sperma ‘seed’]

monostichous /məˈnɒstikəs, mɒnə(ʊ)ˈstaikəs/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  arranged in or consisting of one layer or row 【植】【动】单层的；单列的 [MONO- + Greek stikhos ‘row’]

monosyllabic /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)siˈlæbik/ adj.  1 (of a word) having one syllable (词)单音节的 2 (of a person or statement) using or expressed in monosyllables (人或陈述)用单音节词的 □ monosyllabically  adv.  

monosyllable /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)siləb(ə)l/ n.  a word of one syllable 单音节词 □ in monosyllables   in simple direct words 用简单直接的话

monotheism /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)ˌθi:iz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that there is only one God 一神教 □ monotheist  n.  □ monotheistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ monotheistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [MONO- + Greek theos ‘god’]

monotint /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)tint/ n.  = MONOCHROME 

monotone /ˈmɒnətəʊn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a sound or utterance continuing or repeated on one note without change of pitch 单调的声音 2  sameness of style in writing (文体)单调，无变化 ●adj.  without change of pitch 单音调的 [modern Latin monotonus from late Greek monotonos (as MONO-, TONE)]

monotonic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  uttered in a monotone 单调的；无变化的 2 Math. (of a function or quantity) varying in such a way that it either never decreases or never increases 【数】(功能和量)单调的 □ monotonically  adv.  

monotonous /məˈnɒt(ə)nəs/ adj.  1  lacking in variety; tedious through sameness 无变化的；令人厌倦的 2 (of a sound or utterance) without variation in tone or pitch (声音或说话)平淡无奇的，无抑扬顿挫的 □ monotonize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ monotonously  adv.  □ monotonousness  n.  

monotony /məˈnɒt(ə)ni/ n.  1  the state of being monotonous 单调 2  dull or tedious routine 无聊；千篇一律

monotreme /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)tri:m/ n.  any mammal of the order Monotremata, native to Australia and New Guinea, including the duckbill and spiny anteater, laying large yolky eggs through a common opening for urine, faeces, etc. 单孔目动物(卵生，生殖道与泌尿道、肠道共用一孔) [MONO- + Greek trēma -matos ‘hole’]

monotype /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1 (作 Monotype) Printing propr.  a typesetting machine that casts and sets up types in individual characters 【印刷】[商标]莫诺铸排机，单字铸排机 2  an impression on paper made from an inked design painted on glass or metal (通过在玻璃或金属上的画印到纸上的)单版画(制作法)

monotypic /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈtipik/ adj.  having only one type or representative 单型的，单种的

monounsaturated /ˌmɒnəʊʌnˈsætʃʊreitid, -tjʊreitid/ adj. Chem. (of a compound, esp. a fat) saturated except for one multiple bond 【化】(化合物，尤指脂肪)单一不饱和的

monovalent /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of one; univalent 【化】单价的；一价的

monoxide /məˈnɒksaid/ n. Chem.  an oxide containing one oxygen atom 【化】一氧化物  carbon monoxide  一氧化碳 [MONO- + OXIDE]

Monroe doctrine /mənˈrəʊ, ˈmʌnrəʊ/ n.  the US policy of objecting to intervention by European powers in the affairs of Latin America 门罗主义(美国的政策，反对欧洲国家干涉拉丁美洲的事务) [named after J. Monroe, US President d. 1831, who formulated it]

Monrovia /mɒnˈrəuviə/ n.  蒙罗维亚 [利比里亚首都]

Monseigneur /mɒnsɛˈnjɜ:, 法 mɔ˜sɛɲœr/ n. (pl. Messeigneurs /meseˈnjɜ:, 法 mesɛɲœr/)  a title given to an eminent French person, esp. a prince, cardinal, archbishop, or bishop 大人；阁下；老爷(尤指对王族、红衣主教、大主教、主教的称谓) [French, from mon ‘my’ + seigneur ‘lord’]

Monsieur /məˈsjɜ:/ n. (pl. Messieurs /meˈsjɜ:/)  1  the title or form of address used of or to a French-speaking man, corresponding to Mr or sir (法语的)先生 2  a Frenchman 法国人 [French, from mon ‘my’ + sieur ‘lord’]

Monsignor /mɒnˈsi:njə, mɒnsi:ˈnjɔ:/ n. (pl. Monsignori /-ˈnjɔ:ri/)  the title of various Roman Catholic prelates, officers of the papal court, etc. 大人；阁下；老爷(对天主教高级教士、教皇法庭官员等的称谓) [Italian, suggested by MONSEIGNEUR: see SIGNOR]

monsoon /mɒnˈsu:n/ n.  1  a wind in S. Asia, esp. in the Indian Ocean, blowing from the south-west in summer (wet monsoon) and the north-east in winter (dry monsoon) 南亚(尤印度洋)季风(分夏季的湿季风及冬季的干季风) 2  a rainy season accompanying a wet monsoon 雨季 3  any other wind with periodic alternations 季风 □ monsoonal  adj.   [obsolete Dutch monssoen via Portuguese monçɑ˜o from Arabic mawsim ‘fixed season’, from wasama ‘to mark’]

mons pubis /mɒnz ˈpju:bis/ n.  the rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones, esp. = MONS VENERIS 阴阜(尤指女性阴阜) [Latin, = mount of the pubes]

monster /ˈmɒnstə/ n.  1  an imaginary creature, usu. large and frightening, compounded of incongruous elements (通常指巨大而可怕的)怪物；怪兽 2  an inhumanly cruel or wicked person 丧失人性的人 3  a misshapen animal or plant 畸形动(植)物 4  a large usu. ugly animal or thing (e.g. a building) 丑八怪(通常指动物)；丑陋的东西(如一座建筑物) 5 (作 attrib.)  huge; extremely large of its kind 巨大的；庞大的 [Middle English via Old French monstre from Latin monstrum ‘portent, monster’, from monēre ‘warn’]

monstera /mɒnˈstiərə/ n.  any climbing plant of the genus Monstera, including Swiss cheese plant 蓬莱蕉 [modern Latin, perhaps from Latin monstrum ‘monster’ (from the odd appearance of its leaves)]

monstrance /ˈmɒnstr(ə)ns/ n. RC Ch.  an open or transparent receptacle in which the consecrated Host is exposed for veneration 【天主教】圣体匣 [Middle English, = demonstration, via medieval Latin monstrantia from Latin monstrare ‘show’]

monstrosity /mɒnˈstrɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a huge or outrageous thing 巨大(或丑陋)的东西 2  monstrousness 丑陋(性；) 怪异(性) 3  = MONSTER 3  [Late Latin monstrositas (as MONSTROUS)]

monstrous /ˈmɒnstrəs/ adj.  1  like a monster; abnormally formed 似怪物的；怪异的；可怕的 2  huge 巨大的；庞大的 3  a  outrageously wrong or absurd 骇人听闻的；丑恶的b  atrocious 残忍的；残暴的 □ monstrously  adv.  □ monstrousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French monstreux or Latin monstrosus (as MONSTER)]

mons veneris /mɒnz ˈvenəris/ n.  the rounded mass of fatty tissue on a woman's abdomen above the vulva (女性的)阴阜 [Latin, = mount of Venus]

Mont. abbr.  Montana [缩略] (美国)蒙大拿州

montage /mɒnˈtɑ:ʒ, ˈmɒntɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  a  a process of selecting, editing, and piecing together separate sections of cinema or television film to form a continuous whole 蒙太奇(把电影或电视胶片的不同片段通过挑选、剪辑、拼接的过程)；剪辑b  a sequence of such film as a section of a longer film 蒙太奇段落 2  a  the technique of producing a new composite whole from fragments of pictures, words, music, etc. (将画面、说话、音乐等合一的)蒙太奇手法b  a composition produced in this way 综合画组合 [French, from monter MOUNT1]

Montagu's harrier /ˈmɒntəɡju:z/ n.  a slender migratory Eurasian bird of prey, Circus pygarguas 乌灰鹞 [named after G. Montagu, British naturalist d. 1815]

montane /ˈmɒntein/ adj.  of or inhabiting mountainous country 山地森林的；居住山地森林的 [Latin montanus (as MOUNT2, -ANE1)]

montbretia /mɒn(t)ˈbri:ʃə/ n.  a hybrid plant of the genus Crocosmia, with bright orange-yellow trumpet-shaped flowers (臭藏红花属)鸢尾科植物 [modern Latin, named after A. F. E. Coquebert de Montbret, French botanist d. 1801]

monte /ˈmɒnti/ n. Cards 【牌戏】  1  a Spanish game of chance, played with 45 cards 蒙特牌戏 2 (in full 全称 three-card monte)  a game of Mexican origin played with three cards, similar to three-card trick 三张牌戏 [Spanish, = mountain, heap of cards]

Monte Carlo method /mɒnti ˈkɑ:ləʊ/ n. Statistics  a method of using the random sampling of numbers in order to estimate the solution to a numerical problem 【统计学】蒙特－卡洛法；统计实验法 [Monte Carlo in Monaco, famous for its gambling casino]

Montessori /mɒntiˈsɔ:ri/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a system of education (esp. of young children) that seeks to develop natural interests and activities rather than use formal teaching methods 蒙台梭利教育法(尤指儿童教育) [named after Maria Montessori, Italian educationist d. 1952, who initiated it]

Montevideo /ˌmɒntiviˈdeiəu/ n.  蒙得维的亚 [乌拉圭首都]

Montezuma's revenge /mɒntiˈzu:məz/ n. slang or joc.  diarrhoea suffered by travellers, esp. visitors to Mexico [俚语] [诙]墨西哥腹泻(尤指到墨西哥的游客得的腹泻) [referring to Montezuma II, Aztec emperor d. 1520]

month /mʌnθ/ n.  1 (in full 全称 calendar month)  a  each of usu. twelve periods into which a year is divided 月(通常 12 个月中的任何 1 月)b  a period of time between the same dates in successive calendar months 1 个月时间 2  a period of 28 days or of four weeks 1 个月 (28 天)， 4 周时间 3  = LUNAR MONTH  □ month of Sundays   a very long period 很长时间；很久 [Old English mōnath from Germanic: related to MOON]

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  done, produced, or occurring once a month 每月 1 次的；按月的； 1 个月内有效的 ●adv.  once a month; from month to month 每月 1 次；每月；按月 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a monthly periodical 月刊 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a menstrual period [口]月经

monticule /ˈmɒntikju:l/ n.  1  a small hill 小丘 2  a small mound caused by a volcanic eruption 火山丘 [French from Late Latin monticulus, diminutive of mons MOUNT2]

montmorillonite /mɒntməˈrilənait/ n. Mineral.  any of a group of clay minerals which undergo reversible expansion on absorbing water, including the main constituents of fuller's earth and bentonite 【矿】蒙脱石；高(胶)岭石 [Montmorillon, a town in France]

Montreal /ˌmɒntriˈɔ:l/ n.  蒙特利尔 [加拿大港市]

Montserrat /ˌmɒntsəˈræt/ n.  蒙塞拉特 [拉丁美洲]

Montserratian /ˌmɒntsəˈræʃn/ adj. & n.  蒙塞拉特的(人)

monument /ˈmɒnjʊm(ə)nt/ n.  1  anything enduring that serves to commemorate or make celebrated, esp. a structure or building (尤指作为纪念的机构或建筑物)纪念碑；纪念塔；纪念物 2  a stone or other structure placed over a grave or in a church etc. in memory of the dead (墓前或教堂等里面的)墓碑；纪念死者的标志物 3  an ancient building or site etc. that has survived or been preserved 历史遗迹(遗址等) 4 (foll. by 后跟 of, to)  a typical or outstanding example 典型；典范  a monument of indiscretion  鲁莽之极 5  a lasting reminder 不朽的功业 6  a written record (遗传下来的)文学杰作 [Middle English via French from Latin monumentum, from monēre ‘remind’]

monumental /mɒnjʊˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  extremely great; stupendous 巨大的；惊人的  a monumental achievement  巨大的成就b (of a literary work) massive and permanent (文学作品)浩瀚而不朽的 2  of or serving as a monument 纪念的；作纪念的；纪念性的 □ monumentality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ monumentally  adv.  

monumentalism /mɒnjʊˈment(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a monumental style 纪念碑风格 2  a building on a grand scale 雄伟的建筑

monumentalize /mɒnjʊˈment(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  record or commemorate by or as by a monument (作为)立碑纪念

monumental mason n.  a maker of tombstones etc. 碑匠(墓碑匠等)

-mony /məni/ suffix  forming nouns esp. denoting an abstract state or quality (acrimony 刻毒 ; testimony 证据) 构成名词，尤表示抽象的性状 [Latin -monia, -monium, related to -MENT]

moo /mu:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (moos, mooed)  make the characteristic vocal sound of cattle; = LOW2 (牛)叫，哞(发牛叫声) ●n. (pl. moos)  this sound 哞(牛叫声) [imitative]

mooch /mu:tʃ/ v. colloq. [口]  1 intr. Brit.  loiter or saunter desultorily [英]闲逛；漫步 2 tr. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  steal 偷取b  beg 乞讨 □ moocher  n.   [Middle English, probably from Old French muchier ‘hide, skulk’]

moo-cow n.  a childish name for a cow (儿语)哞哞(指牛)

mood1 /mu:d/ n.  1  a state of mind or feeling 心情；心境；情绪 2  a fit of melancholy or bad temper 郁郁寡欢；脾气不好 3 (作 attrib.)  inducing a particular mood 基调  mood music  气氛音乐 □ in the (or no) mood  (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  inclined (or disinclined) 想(不想)…，有意于(无意于)…  was in no mood to agree  不想同意 [Old English mōd ‘mind, thought’, from Germanic]

mood2 /mu:d/ n.  1 Gram. 【语法】  a  a form or set of forms of a verb serving to indicate whether it is to express fact, command, wish, etc. (表达事实、命令、愿望等的)语气  subjunctive mood  虚拟语气b  the distinction of meaning expressed by different moods (不同语气所表达的)特定含义 2 Logic  any of the classes into which each of the figures of a valid categorical syllogism is subdivided 【逻辑学】论式 [variant of MODE, associated with MOOD1]

moody /ˈmu:di/ adj. & n. ●adj. (moodier, moodiest)  given to changes of mood; gloomy, sullen 心情多变的；喜怒无常的；郁郁不乐的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a bad mood; a tantrum [口]坏心情；闷闷不乐 □ moodily  adv.  □ moodiness  n.   [Old English mōdig ‘brave’ (as MOOD1)]

Moog /məʊɡ, mu:ɡ/ n. (in full 全称 Moog synthesizer) propr.  an electronic instrument with a keyboard, for producing a wide variety of musical sounds : see 见 SYNTHESIZER [商标]穆格电子音响合成器 [named after R. A. Moog, American engineer b. 1934, who invented it]

moolah /ˈmu:lə/ n. slang  money [俚语]钞票 [20th c.: origin unknown]

mooli /ˈmu:li/ n.  a kind of long white radish used esp. in eastern cookery 一种长白萝卜(尤用于东方烹饪) [Hindi mūlī from Sanskrit mūla ‘root’]

moolvi /ˈmu:lvi/ n. (also 亦作 moolvie)  1  a Muslim doctor of the law 伊斯兰教的法学家 2  a learned person or teacher (esp. as a term of respect among Muslims in India) (尤用作印度伊斯兰教徒间的尊称)先生 [Urdu mulvī from Arabic mawlawīy ‘judicial’: cf. MULLAH]

moon /mu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the natural satellite of the earth, orbiting it monthly, illuminated by the sun and reflecting some light to the earth 月球b  this regarded in terms of its waxing and waning in a particular month 月亮  new moon  新月c  the moon when visible (能看到的)月(光)  there is no moon tonight  今夜无月光 2  a satellite of any planet 卫星 3 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  something desirable but unattainable [口]可望不可求的事物  promised them the moon  承诺他们做不到的事 4 poet.  a month [诗]月份 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around, etc.)  move or look listlessly 懒洋洋地闲荡；呆看；没精打采地看 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  spend (time) in a listless manner 虚度(时光) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  act aimlessly or inattentively from infatuation for (a person) 迷恋(某人)而精神恍惚 4 intr. slang  expose one's buttocks [俚语]露出光腚 □ many moons ago   a long time ago 很久以前□ over the moon   extremely happy or delighted 狂喜；非常快乐□ moonless  adj.   [Old English mōna from Germanic: related to MONTH]

moonbeam /ˈmu:nbi:m/ n.  a ray of moonlight 一缕月光

moon boot n.  a thickly-padded boot designed for low temperatures 棉靴

mooncalf /ˈmu:nkɑ:f/ n. (pl. mooncalves)  a born fool 先天白痴；呆子；傻子

moon-faced adj.  having a round face 圆脸庞的

moonfish /ˈmu:nfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = OPAH 

Moonie /ˈmu:ni/ n. colloq. offens.  a member of the Unification Church [口] [冒犯] (文鲜明)统一教团信徒 [from the name of its founder, Sun Myung Moon]

moonlight /ˈmu:nlait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the light of the moon 月光 2 (作 attrib.)  lit by the moon 月光下(的) ●v. intr. (past and past part. -lighted) colloq.  have two paid occupations, esp. one by day and one by night [口]从事第二职业(尤指一个在白天一个在夜晚) □ moonlighter  n.  

moonlight flit n. Brit.  a hurried departure by night, esp. to avoid paying a debt [英]夜间潜逃(尤指为躲债)

moonlit /ˈmu:nlit/ adj.  lit by the moon 月光下的

moonquake /ˈmu:nkweik/ n.  a tremor of the moon's surface 月震

moonrise /ˈmu:nraiz/ n.  1  the rising of the moon 月出 2  the time of this 月出时刻

moonscape /ˈmu:nskeip/ n.  1  the surface or landscape of the moon 月球表面；月球上的景色 2  an area resembling this; a wasteland 月面般的荒山景色；荒原

moonset /ˈmu:nset/ n.  1  the setting of the moon 月落 2  the time of this 月落时刻

moonshee /ˈmu:nʃi:/ n. (also 亦作 munshi)  a secretary or language teacher in India (印度)秘书；语言教师 [Urdu munshī from Arabic munši' ‘writer’]

moonshine /ˈmu:nʃain/ n.  1  foolish or unrealistic talk or ideas 蠢话；大话；空话；蠢念 2 slang  smuggled spirit or esp. N. Amer. illicitly distilled liquor [俚语]走私酒；[尤北美]非法酿制的酒

moonshiner /ˈmu:nʃainə/ n. US slang  a smuggler, or esp. N. Amer. an illicit distiller of alcoholic liquor [美] [俚语]酒类走私者；[尤北美]非法酿酒商

moonshot /ˈmu:nʃɒt/ n.  the launching of a spacecraft to the moon (宇航器)向月球发射

moonstone /ˈmu:nstəʊn/ n.  feldspar of pearly appearance 月长石

moonstruck /ˈmu:nstrʌk/ adj.  mentally deranged 神经错乱的

moony /ˈmu:ni/ adj. (moonier, mooniest)  1  listless; stupidly dreamy 百无聊赖的；神思恍惚的 2  of or like the moon (似)月亮的；(似)月球的

Moor /mʊə, mɔ:/ n.  a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent, inhabiting NW Africa 摩尔人(柏柏尔人与阿拉伯人的混血后代，居住在西北非) [Middle English via Old French More and Latin Maurus from Greek Mauros ‘inhabitant of Mauretania’, a region of N. Africa]

moor1 /mʊə, mɔ:/ n.  1  a tract of open uncultivated upland, esp. when covered with heather (尤指长满杜鹃花科植物的)荒野 2  a tract of such land preserved for shooting 打猎区 3 US or dial.  a fen [美] [方]沼泽 □ moorish  adj.  □ moory  adj.   [Old English mōr ‘waste land, marsh, mountain’, from Germanic]

moor2 /mʊə, mɔ:/ v.  1 tr.  make fast (a boat, buoy, etc.) by attaching a cable etc. to a fixed object 使(船、浮标等)固定；系泊 2 intr. (of a boat) be moored (船)停泊 □ moorage  n.   [Middle English more, probably from Low German or Middle Low German mōren]

moorcock /ˈmʊəkɒk, ˈmɔ:-/ n.  a male moorfowl 雄赤松鸡

moorfowl /ˈmʊəfaʊl, ˈmɔ:-/ n.  a red grouse 赤松鸡

moorhen /ˈmʊəhen, ˈmɔ:-/ n.  1  a small aquatic bird, Gallinula chloropus, with mainly blackish plumage and a short red-yellow bill 泽鸡 2  a female moorfowl 雌赤松鸡

mooring /ˈmʊəriŋ, ˈmɔ:-/ n.  1  a  a fixed object to which a boat, buoy, etc., is moored (船、浮标等的)系泊设备b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a place where a boat etc. is moored (船等的)停泊区；泊地 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a set of permanent anchors and chains laid down for ships to be moored to 锚定设备

mooring-mast  see 见 MAST1 n. 4 

Moorish /ˈmʊəriʃ, ˈmɔ:-/ adj.  of or relating to the Moors (有关)摩尔人的

Moorish idol n.  a brightly coloured Pacific fish of the genus Zanclus (角)镰鱼

moorland /ˈmʊələnd, ˈmɔ:-/ n.  an extensive area of moor 高沼地

moose /mu:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同) esp. N. Amer.  the elk, Alces alces [尤北美]驼鹿 [Narragansett moos]

moot /mu:t/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (originally the noun used attrib. 源于名词，用作定语)  1  debatable, undecided 有讨论余地的；未决的  a moot point  争论未决的问题 2 US Law  having no practical significance [美]【法律】非实际的；假设的 ●v. tr.  raise (a question) for discussion 提出(问题)供讨论 ●n.  1 hist.  an assembly [史义]民会 2 Law  a discussion of a hypothetical case as an academic exercise 【法律】模拟案件讨论 [Old English mōt, and mōtian ‘converse’, from Germanic: related to MEET1]■Usage 用法说明 Moot ‘debatable, undecided’ is sometimes confused with mute ‘silent, dumb’, especially in the phrase moot point. moot 作“有讨论余地的”，“未决的”解时，有时与 mute (“沉默的”，“无声的”)相混，尤其在短语 moot point 中更是如此。 

mop1 /mɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wad or bundle of cotton or synthetic material fastened to the end of a stick, for cleaning floors etc. (擦地板等的)拖把 2  a similarly-shaped large or small implement for various purposes 拖把状物 3  anything resembling a mop, esp. a thick mass of hair 蓬乱的一团(尤指头发) 4  an act of mopping or being mopped 拖地；擦  gave it a mop  拖一拖 ●v. tr. (mopped, mopping)  1  wipe or clean with or as with a mop (似)用拖把拖 2  a  wipe tears or sweat etc. from (one's face or brow etc.) 擦去(某人脸上、眉毛等处)的眼泪(汗水等)b  wipe away (tears etc.) 擦去(眼泪等) □ mop up   1  wipe up with or as with a mop (似)用拖把拖；擦洗 2 colloq.  absorb (profits etc.) [口]获取(利润等) 3  dispatch; make an end of 迅速做完；结束 4 Mil. 【军】  a  complete the occupation of (a district etc.) by capturing or killing enemy troops left there 肃清(一个地区等)b  capture or kill (stragglers) 扫荡(残敌)□ moppy  adj.   [Middle English mappe, perhaps ultimately related to Latin mappa ‘napkin’]

mop2 /mɒp/ n. Brit. hist.  an autumn fair or gathering at which farmhands and servants were formerly hired [英史义] (秋季)雇工市场 [perhaps = mop-fair, at which a mop was carried by a maidservant seeking employment]

mope /məʊp/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  be gloomily depressed or listless; behave sulkily 忧郁；闷闷不乐；百无聊赖 2  wander about listlessly 无精打采地闲逛 ●n.  1  a person who mopes 忧郁的人；闷闷不乐的人 2 (作 the mopes)  low spirits 消沉；没精打采 □ moper  n.  □ mopy  adj. (mopier, mopiest)  □ mopily  adv.  □ mopiness  n.   [16th c.: related to mope, mopp(e) ‘fool’, perhaps from Scandinavian]

moped /ˈməʊped/ n.  a motorized bicycle with an engine capacity below 50 cc 机动脚踏车，机动自行车 [Swedish, perhaps a contraction of motorvelociped]

mophead /ˈmɒphed/ n.  a person with thick matted hair 头发蓬乱的人

mopoke /ˈməʊpəʊk/ n. (also 亦作 morepork /ˈmɔ:pɔ:k/)  1  a boobook 布布克鹰鸮 2  an Australian nocturnal insect-eating bird, Podargus strigoides also called 亦称作 FROGMOUTH (澳大利亚的)冠裸鼻鸱 [imitative of the bird's cry]

moppet /ˈmɒpit/ n. colloq. (esp. as a term of endearment) a baby or small child [口]小孩儿；宝贝；心肝(尤作爱称) [obsolete moppe ‘baby, doll’]

moquette /mɒˈket/ n.  a thick pile or looped material used for carpets and upholstery 家具绒头织物 [French, perhaps from obsolete Italian mocaiardo ‘mohair’]

mor /mɔ:/ n.  humus formed under acid conditions 粗腐殖质 [Danish]

moraine /məˈrein/ n.  an area covered by rocks and debris carried down and deposited by a glacier 冰碛 □ morainal  adj.  □ morainic  adj.   [French via Italian dialect morena, from French dialect mor(re) ‘snout’, from Romanic]

moral /ˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  concerned with goodness or badness of human character or behaviour, or with the distinction between right and wrong 道德上的b  concerned with accepted rules and standards of human behaviour 道德行为标准的 2  a  conforming to accepted standards of general conduct 符合道德准则的b  capable of moral action 有道德观念的  man is a moral agent  人是有道德的行为者 3 (of rights or duties etc.) founded on moral law (权利和义务等)道义上的 4  a  concerned with morals or ethics 道德的；道义的  moral philosophy  伦理学b (of a literary work etc.) dealing with moral conduct (文学作品等)道德教育的 5  concerned with or leading to a psychological effect associated with confidence in a right action 精神上的；心理上的；道义上的  moral courage  坚持正义的勇气 moral support  道义上的援助 moral victory  精神胜利 ●n.  1  a  a moral lesson (esp. at the end) of a fable, story, event, etc. (尤指在寓言、故事、事件等结尾时引出的)道德上的教训；寓意b  a moral maxim or principle 格言；真谛 2 (in pl. 用复数)  moral behaviour, e.g. in sexual conduct 道德；品行；道德规范(如性行为) □ morally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin moralis, from mos moris ‘custom’, pl. mores ‘morals’]

moral certainty n.  probability so great as to allow no reasonable doubt 绝对的把握

morale /məˈrɑ:l/ n.  the mental attitude or bearing of a person or group, esp. as regards confidence, discipline, etc. (尤作为信心、纪律等的)士气；精神面貌 [French moral, respelt to preserve the pronunciation]

moralism /ˈmɒr(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a natural system of morality 道德主义 2  religion regarded as moral practice 说教；修身训言

moralist /ˈmɒr(ə)list/ n.  1  a person who practises or teaches morality 说教者；道德家 2  a person who follows a natural system of ethics 伦理学家 □ moralistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ moralistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

morality /məˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the degree of conformity of an idea, practice, etc., to moral principles (思想、行为等的)道德性 2  right moral conduct 正义的道德行为 3  a lesson in morals 寓意；道德教训 4  the science of morals 伦理学 5  a particular system of morals 道德体系  commercial morality  商业道德 6 (in pl. 用复数)  moral principles; points of ethics 道德规范；道德观 7 (in full 全称 morality play) hist.  a kind of drama with personified abstract qualities as the main characters and inculcating a moral lesson, popular in the 16th c. [史义]道德剧；寓意剧 [Middle English via Old French moralité or Late Latin moralitas from Latin (as MORAL)]

moralize /ˈmɒr(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  indulge in moral reflection or talk 道德思考；道德说教 2 tr.  interpret morally; point the moral of 从道德角度解释；指出…的寓意 3 tr.  make moral or more moral 使有德行；提高…道德 □ moralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ moralizer  n.  □ moralizingly  adv.   [French moraliser or medieval Latin moralizare from Latin (as MORAL)]

moral law n.  the conditions to be satisfied by any right course of action 道德律

moral majority n.  the majority of people, regarded as favouring firm moral standards (originally Moral Majority, name of a right-wing US movement) 道义的大多数(源于美国右翼运动“维护道义的大多数”)

moral philosophy n.  the branch of philosophy concerned with ethics 道德哲学；伦理学

moral pressure n.  persuasion by appealing to a person's moral sense 道义上的压力

Moral Rearmament n.  1  = OXFORD GROUP  2  the beliefs of this organization, esp. as applied to international relations (尤指当运用于国际关系时的)“道德重整运动”信条

moral science n.  systematic knowledge as applied to morals 道德科学；精神科学

moral sense n.  the ability to distinguish right and wrong 道德感；是非观

morass /məˈræs/ n.  1  an entanglement; a disordered situation, esp. one impeding progress 困境；艰难(尤指进展不顺) 2 literary  a bog or marsh [文学用语]沼泽；泥淖 [Dutch moeras (assimilated to moer MOOR1) via Middle Dutch marasch and Old French marais ‘marsh’ from medieval Latin mariscus]

moratorium /mɒrəˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. moratoriums or moratoria /-riə/)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a temporary prohibition or suspension (of an activity) (活动的)延缓；暂停 2  a  a legal authorization to debtors to postpone payment 延缓偿付权b  the period of this postponement 延缓偿付期 [modern Latin, neut. of Late Latin moratorius ‘delaying’, from Latin morari morat- ‘to delay’, from mora ‘delay’]

Moravian /məˈreiviən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Moravia, now part of the Czech Republic 摩拉维亚人 2  a member of a Protestant sect founded in Saxony by emigrants from Moravia, holding views derived from the Hussites and accepting the Bible as the only source of faith 摩拉维亚教会教徒 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Moravia or its people (有关)摩拉维亚的；(有关)摩拉维亚人的 2  of or relating to the Moravian sect (有关)摩拉维亚教会的

moray /mɒˈrei, ˈmɒrei/ n.  any voracious eel-like fish of the family Muraenidae, of warm seas, esp. Muraena helena of the Mediterranean and E. Atlantic 海鳝(尤指地中海及东大西洋的欧洲海鳝) [Portuguese moreia via Latin from Greek muraina]

morbid /ˈmɔ:bid/ adj.  1  a (of the mind, ideas, etc.) macabre, unwholesome, sickly (心、思想等)可怖的；不健全的；病态的b  given to morbid feelings 疾病所致的 2 colloq.  melancholy [口]忧郁的 3 Med.  of the nature of or indicative of disease 【医】病的；病理的 □ morbidity  /-ˈbiditi/ n.  □ morbidly  adv.  □ morbidness  n.   [Latin morbidus from morbus ‘disease’]

morbid anatomy n.  the anatomy of diseased organs, tissues, etc. (器官、组织等的)病理解剖学

morbific /mɔ:ˈbifik/ adj.  causing disease 致病的 [French morbifique or modern Latin morbificus from Latin morbus ‘disease’]

morbilli /mɔ:ˈbilai, -li:/ n. pl.  1  measles 麻疹 2  the spots characteristic of measles 麻疹状斑点 [Latin, pl. of morbillus ‘pustule’, from morbus ‘disease’]

mordant /ˈmɔ:d(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of sarcasm etc.) caustic, biting (讽刺等)挖苦的；尖刻的 2  pungent, smarting 尖锐的；刺痛的 3  corrosive or cleansing 腐蚀性的；清洁用的 4 (of a substance) serving to fix colouring matter or gold leaf on another substance (物品)作金箔黏着剂的 ●n.  1  a substance that enables a dye or stain to become fixed in a fabric etc. (织物等的)媒染剂 2  an adhesive compound for fixing gold leaf 金箔黏着剂 3  a corrosive liquid used to etch the lines on a printing plate 腐蚀液 □ mordancy  n.  □ mordantly  adv.   [Middle English from French, part. of mordre ‘bite’, from Latin mordēre]

mordent /ˈmɔ:d(ə)nt/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  an ornament consisting of one rapid alternation of a written note with the note immediately below it 装饰音 2  a pralltriller 回波音；波音 [German from Italian mordente, part. of mordēre ‘bite’]

more /mɔ:/ det., pron. & adv. ●det.  existing in a greater or additional quantity, amount, or degree 更大的；更多的；更大程度的；附加的  more problems than last time  比上次问题更多 bring some more water  多拿些水来 ●pron.  a greater quantity, number, or amount 较多数；较多量  more than three people  多于 3 个人 more to it than meets the eye  比表面看到的要远为复杂 ●adv.  1  in a greater degree 进一步地  do it more carefully  更细地做 2  to a greater extent 更大程度地  people like to walk more these days  这些年来人们更喜欢步行 3  forming the comparative of adjectives and adverbs, esp. those of more than one syllable (构成形容词、副词的比较级，尤指两个或两个以上音节的词)更  more absurd  更荒唐 more easily  更容易 4  again 再；另外  once more  再一次 never more  不再 5  moreover 而且 □ more and more   in an increasing degree 越来越多地□ more like it   see 见 LIKE1 □ more of   to a greater extent 更大程度上的；更多的  more of a poet than a musician  与其说是一位音乐家不如说是一位诗人□ more or less   1  in a greater or less degree 或多或少；有点儿 2  approximately; as an estimate 大约；左右□ more so   of the same kind to a greater degree 在更大程度上如此 [Old English mɑˉra, from Germanic]

moreen /məˈri:n/ n.  a strong ribbed woollen or cotton material for curtains etc. 波纹织物(用作窗帘等的毛、棉织物) [perhaps fanciful from MOIRE]

moreish /ˈmɔ:riʃ/ adj. (also 亦作 morish) Brit. colloq.  pleasant to eat, causing a desire for more [英口]好吃的；令人吃了还想吃的

morel1 /məˈrel/ n.  an edible fungus, Morchella esculenta, with ridged mushroom caps 羊肚菌 [French morille from Dutch morilje]

morel2 /məˈrel/ n.  nightshade 茄属植物 [Middle English from Old French morele, fem. of morel ‘dark brown’, ultimately from Latin Maurus MOOR]

morello /mɒˈreləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a sour kind of dark cherry 欧洲酸樱桃 [Italian morello ‘blackish’ via medieval Latin morellus from Latin (as MOREL2)]

moreover /mɔ:rˈəʊvə/ adv. (introducing or accompanying a new statement) further, besides (引出或伴随新陈述)而且；再者

morepork var.  of MOPOKE  MOPOKE 的变体

mores /ˈmɔ:reiz, -ri:z/ n. pl.  customs or conventions regarded as essential to or characteristic of a community 民德(视作群体道德观的风俗和习惯) [Latin, pl. of mos ‘custom’]

Moresco var.  of MORISCO  MORISCO 的变体

Moresque /məˈresk/ adj. (of art or architecture) Moorish in style or design (艺术或建筑)摩尔式的；摩尔式图案的 [French from Italian moresco, from Moro MOOR]

morganatic /mɔ:ɡəˈnætik/ adj.  1 (of a marriage) between a person of high rank and another of lower rank, the spouse and children having no claim to the possessions or title of the person of higher rank (婚姻)贵贱联姻的(地位低的一方不能继承对方的爵位，其子女也不能继承世袭的头衔与财产) 2 (of a wife) married in this way (妻子)处于低贱方的 □ morganatically  adv.   [French morganatique or German morganatisch from medieval Latin matrimonium ad morganaticam ‘marriage with a morning gift’, the husband's gift to the wife after consummation being his only obligation in such a marriage]

morgue /mɔ:ɡ/ n.  1  a mortuary 停尸房；太平间 2 (in a newspaper office) a room or file of miscellaneous information, esp. for future obituaries (报社里的)资料库(室) [French, originally the name of a Paris mortuary]

moribund /ˈmɒribʌnd/ adj.  1  at the point of death 奄奄一息的；垂死的 2  lacking vitality 缺乏生气的 □ moribundity  /-ˈbʌnditi/ n.   [Latin moribundus from mori ‘die’]

Morisco /məˈriskəʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Moresco /-ˈreskəʊ/) ●n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1  a Moor, esp. in Spain (尤指在西班牙的)摩里斯科人 2  a morris dance 摩里斯科舞 ●adj.  Moorish 摩里斯科人的 [Spanish, from Moro MOOR]

morish var.  of MOREISH  MOREISH 的变体

Mormon /ˈmɔ:mən/ n.  a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, a millenary religion founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith on the basis of revelations in the Book of Mormon 摩门教教徒 □ Mormonism  n.   [the name of the reputed author]

morn /mɔ:n/ n. poet.  morning [诗]拂晓；早晨 [Old English morgen, from Germanic]

mornay /ˈmɔ:nei/ n.  a cheese-flavoured white sauce 茅内沙司 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

morning /ˈmɔ:niŋ/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the early part of the day, esp. from sunrise to noon 早晨，上午(尤指从日出到中午)  this morning  今晨 during the morning  在早上 morning coffee  早晨的咖啡 2  this time spent in a particular way (以某种方式度过的)早晨  had a busy morning  过了一个忙碌的早晨 3  sunrise, daybreak 日出；破晓 4  a time compared with the morning, esp. the early part of one's life etc. (尤指人生等的)初期；早期 ●int. colloq. [口]  = good morning (see 见 GOOD adj. 14)  □ in the morning   1  during or in the course of the morning 在早晨；在上午 2 colloq.  tomorrow [口]明天早晨；次日上午 [Middle English mor(we)ning from morwen MORN + -ING1, on the pattern of evening]

morning after n. colloq.  a hangover [口]宿醉

morning-after pill n.  a contraceptive pill effective when taken some hours after intercourse (房事几小时后用的)女用口服避孕丸剂

morning coat n.  a coat with tails, and with the front cut away below the waist 晨燕尾服

morning dress n.  a man's morning coat and striped trousers (男人的)晨礼服(包括条纹长裤)

morning glory n.  any of various twining plants of the genus Ipomoea, with trumpet-shaped flowers 番藷属植物；牵牛花

morning room n.  a sitting room for the morning 晨室

morning sickness n.  nausea felt in the morning in pregnancy 孕妇晨吐

morning star n.  a planet, esp. Venus, when visible in the east before sunrise 晨星(尤指金星)

morning watch n. Naut.  the 4 － 8 a.m. watch 【海】早班(早晨 4 至 8 点)

Moro /ˈmɔ:rəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Muslim living in the Philippines 摩洛人(生活在菲律宾的伊斯兰教徒) [Spanish, = MOOR]

Moroccan /məˈrɒk(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Morocco in N. Africa 摩洛哥人；摩洛哥国民 2  a person of Moroccan descent 摩洛哥人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Morocco (有关)摩洛哥的

Morocco   摩洛哥

morocco /məˈrɒkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a fine flexible leather made (originally in Morocco) from goatskins tanned with sumac, used esp. in bookbinding and shoemaking (原产于摩洛哥，尤用于装订及制鞋的)摩洛哥革 2  an imitation of this in grained calf etc. (用去毛的小牛皮生产的)仿摩洛哥革

moron /ˈmɔ:rɒn/ n.  1 colloq.  a very stupid or foolish person [口]蠢人；傻子；笨蛋 2  an adult with a mental age of about 8 － 12 痴愚者(成人智商只如 8 至 12 岁的儿童) □ moronic  /məˈrɒnik/ adj.  □ moronically  /məˈrɒnik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek mōron, neut. of mōros ‘foolish’]

morose /məˈrəʊs/ adj.  sullen and ill-tempered 阴郁的；孤僻的；脾气不好的 □ morosely  adv.  □ moroseness  n.   [Latin morosus ‘peevish’ etc. from mos moris ‘manner’]

morph1 /mɔ:f/ n.  = ALLOMORPH  [back-formation]

morph2 /mɔ:f/ n.  a variant form of an animal or plant (动、植物的)变异体 [Greek morphē ‘form’]

morpheme /ˈmɔ:fi:m/ n. Linguistics 【语言学】  1  a morphological element considered in respect of its functional relations in a linguistic system 词形态 2  a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming 如 in 、 come 和 -ing 构成 incoming) 语素，词素 □ morphemic  /-ˈfi:mik/ adj.  □ morphemically  /-ˈfi:mik(ə)li/ adv.   [French morphème from Greek morphē ‘form’, on the pattern of PHONEME]

morphemics /mɔ:ˈfi:miks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数) Linguistics  the study of word structure 【语言学】词素学；语素学

morphia /ˈmɔ:fiə/ n. (in general use 一般用法中)  = MORPHINE 

morphine /ˈmɔ:fi:n/ n.  an analgesic and narcotic drug obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve pain 吗啡 □ morphinism  /-finiz(ə)m/ n.   [German Morphin and modern Latin morphia from Morpheus, the name of the god of sleep]

morphing /ˈmɔ:fiŋ/ n.  a technique that changes a film image into a numerical code, enabling it to be manipulated by a computer so that the effect can be created of transforming an image smoothly into a different one 图形转数码技术；图像变换术 [shortened from METAMORPHOSIS + -ING1]

morphogenesis /mɔ:fə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the development of form in organisms 【生】形态发生 □ morphogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ morphogenic  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek morphē ‘form’ + GENESIS]

morphology /mɔ:ˈfɒlədʒi/ n. the study of the forms of things, esp. 形态研究，尤指 :  1 Biol.  the study of the forms of organisms 【生】形态学 2 Philol. 【语文】  a  the study of the forms of words 词法b  the system of forms in a language 词态学 □ morphological  /mɔ:fəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ morphologically  /-fəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ morphologist  n.   [Greek morphē ‘form’ + -LOGY]

Morris /ˈmɒris/   莫里斯 [人名]

Morris chair /ˈmɒris/ n.  a type of plain easy chair with an adjustable back 莫里斯椅(一种安乐椅，有可调节的背) [named after William Morris, English poet and craftsman d. 1896]

morris dance /ˈmɒris/ n.  a lively traditional English dance performed by groups of people in distinctive costume, often using bells, handkerchiefs, or sticks 莫里斯舞(英国一种欢快的传统舞蹈) □ morris dancer  n.  □ morris dancing  n.   [morys, variant of MOORISH]

morrow /ˈmɒrəʊ/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) literary [文学用语]  1  the following day 次日；翌日 2  the time following an event (重大事件后)紧接着的时期 [Middle English morwe, moru (as MORN)]

Morse /mɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n. (in full 全称 Morse code)  an alphabet or code in which letters are represented by combinations of long and short light or sound signals 摩尔斯电码 ●v. tr. & intr.  signal by Morse code 用摩尔斯电码通信(给) [named after S. F. B. Morse, American electrician d. 1872, who devised it]

morsel /ˈmɔ:s(ə)l/ n.  a mouthful; a small piece (esp. of food) (尤指食物的)一口；一小份 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of mors ‘a bite’, from mordēre mors- ‘to bite’]

Mort /mɔ:t/   莫特 [人名]

mort /mɔ:t/ n. Hunting  a note sounded when the quarry is killed 【狩猎】猎物死亡信号 [Middle English via Old French from Latin mors mortis ‘death’]

mortadella /mɔ:təˈdelə/ n. (pl. mortadelle /-ˈdeli/)  a large spiced pork sausage 摩泰台拉香肠，意大利大香肠 [Italian diminutive, formed irregularly from Latin murtatum ‘seasoned with myrtle berries’]

mortal /ˈmɔ:t(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a living being, esp. a human) subject to death (生物，尤指人)终有一死的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  causing death; fatal 致死的；致命的 3 (of a battle) fought to the death (战斗)殊死的 4  associated with death 死亡的  mortal agony  临死的痛苦 5 (of an enemy) implacable (敌人)不共戴天的；难宽恕的 6 (of pain, fear, an affront, etc.) intense, very serious (疼痛、恐惧、冒犯等)剧烈的；严重的 7 colloq. [口]  a  very great 极度的  in a mortal hurry  极匆忙地b  long and tedious 漫长得令人生厌的  for two mortal hours  非常难熬的两个小时 8 colloq.  conceivable, imaginable [口]可想到的；想像得出的  every mortal thing  世间一切东西 of no mortal use  全无用处 ●n.  1  a mortal being, esp. a human 生物(尤指人) 2 joc.  a person described in some specified way [诙]人  a thirsty mortal  口渴的人 □ mortally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French mortal, mortel or Latin mortalis from mors mortis ‘death’]

mortality /mɔ:ˈtæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being subject to death 必死性 2  loss of life on a large scale 大量死亡 3  a  the number of deaths in a given period etc. (在一定时期等)死亡数b (in full 全称 mortality rate)  a death rate 死亡率 [Middle English via Old French mortalité from Latin mortalitas-tatis (as MORTAL)]

mortal sin n. Theol.  a grave sin that is regarded as depriving the soul of divine grace 【神】不可饶恕的大罪

mortar /ˈmɔ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mixture of lime with cement, sand, and water, used in building to bond bricks or stones 砂浆；灰浆 2  a short large-bore cannon for firing bombs at high angles 迫击炮 3  a contrivance for firing a lifeline or firework (救生索或烟火的)发射器 4  a usu. cup-shaped receptacle made of hard material, in which ingredients are pounded with a pestle 臼；研钵(通常为杯状) ●v. tr.  1  plaster or join with mortar 用砂浆涂抹(砌合) 2  attack or bombard with mortars 用迫击炮轰击 □ mortarless  adj. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ mortary  adj. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Anglo-French morter, Old French mortier from Latin mortarium: partly from Low German]

mortarboard /ˈmɔ:təbɔ:d/ n.  1  an academic cap with a stiff flat square top 学位帽 2  a flat board with a handle on the undersurface, for holding mortar in bricklaying etc. (砌砖时用的)砂浆托板

mortgage /ˈmɔ:ɡidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a conveyance of property by a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt (esp. one incurred by the purchase of the property), on the condition that it shall be returned on payment of the debt within a certain period (尤指用所购财产)抵押b  a deed effecting this 抵押契据 2  a  a debt secured by a mortgage 抵押债务b  a loan resulting in such a debt 抵押借款 ●v. tr.  1  convey (a property) by mortgage 抵押(财产) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  pledge (oneself, one's powers, etc.) 以(自身、某人的能力等)作担保 □ mortgageable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, = dead pledge, mort (from Latin mortuus ‘dead’) + gage GAGE1]

mortgagee /mɔ:ɡiˈdʒi:/ n.  the creditor in a mortgage, usu. a bank or building society 受押人(通常为银行、建屋互助会)

mortgager /ˈmɔ:ɡidʒə/ n. (also 亦作 mortgagor /-ˈdʒɔ:/)  the debtor in a mortgage 抵押人

mortgage rate n.  the rate of interest charged by a mortgagee 抵押利率

mortice var.  of MORTISE  MORTISE 的变体

mortician /mɔ:ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n. N. Amer.  an undertaker; a manager of funerals [北美]承办丧葬者；殡葬业者 [Latin mors mortis ‘death’ + -ICIAN]

mortify /ˈmɔ:tifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  cause (a person) to feel shamed or humiliated 使(某人)失面子；使受辱b  wound (a person's feelings) 伤害(某人的感情) 2 tr.  bring (the body, the flesh, the passions, etc.) into subjection by self-denial or discipline 克制；抑制(自身、肉体、感情等) 3 intr. (of flesh) be affected by gangrene or necrosis (肉)变成坏疽 □ mortification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mortifying  adj.  □ mortifyingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French mortifier from ecclesiastical Latin mortificare ‘kill, subdue’, from mors mortis ‘death’]

mortise /ˈmɔ:tis/ n. & v. (also 亦作 mortice) ●n.  a hole in a framework designed to receive the end of another part, esp. a tenon 榫孔；榫眼(尤与榫舌相配) ●v. tr.  1  join securely, esp. by mortise and tenon (尤通过榫眼与榫舌)用榫接合 2  cut a mortise in 打榫眼于 [Middle English via Old French mortoise from Arabic murtazz ‘fixed in’]

mortise lock n.  a lock recessed into a mortise in the frame of a door or window etc. (嵌入门、窗等里面的)插锁

mortmain /ˈmɔ:tmein/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the status of lands or tenements held inalienably by an ecclesiastical or other corporation (教会或企业的)永久管业 2  the land or tenements themselves 永久管业的土地(或房屋) [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French mortemain from medieval Latin mortua manus ‘dead hand’, probably in allusion to impersonal ownership]

mortuary /ˈmɔ:tjʊəri, -tʃʊ-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a room or building in which dead bodies may be kept until burial or cremation 停尸房；太平间 ●adj.  of or concerning death or burial 死亡的；丧葬的；殡葬的 [Middle English via Anglo-French mortuarie and medieval Latin mortuarium from Latin mortuarius, from mortuus ‘dead’]

morula /ˈmɔ:r(j)ʊlə/ n. (pl. morulae /-li:/) Zool.  a solid ball of cells resulting from division of an ovum, and from which a blastula is formed 【动】桑椹胚 [modern Latin, diminutive of Latin morum ‘mulberry’]

morwong /ˈmɔ:wɒŋ/ n.  any of various fish of the family Cheilodactylidae, native to Australasia, used as food 唇指鲈科鱼；唇指鲈(产于澳大利亚，供食用) [probably Aboriginal]

Mosaic /məʊˈzeiik/ adj.  of or associated with Moses (in the Hebrew Bible) (希伯来《圣经》中)摩西的；摩西律法书的 [French mosaïque or modern Latin Mosaicus from Moses, from Hebrew Mōšeh]

mosaic /mə(ʊ)ˈzeiik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a picture or pattern produced by an arrangement of small variously coloured pieces of glass or stone etc. (玻璃、石子等的)镶嵌画b  work of this kind as an art form 镶嵌工艺 2  a diversified thing (各种各样的东西)拼接成的物品 3  an arrangement of photosensitive elements in a television camera (电视摄相机感光件的)镶嵌面 4 Biol.  a chimera 【生】嵌合体 5 (in full 全称 mosaic disease)  a virus disease causing leaf-mottling in plants, esp. tobacco, maize, and sugar cane (尤指烟草、玉米、甘蔗的)花叶病 6 (作 attrib.)  a  of or like a mosaic (似)镶嵌的；(似)拼花的b  diversified 形形色色的 ●v. tr. (mosaicked, mosaicking)  1  adorn with mosaics 用镶嵌细工装饰；用马赛克装饰 2  combine into or as into a mosaic (似)镶嵌构成 □ mosaicist  /-isist/ n.   [Middle English via French mosaïque, Italian mosaico, and medieval Latin mosaicus, musaicus from Greek mous(e)ion ‘mosaic work’, from mousa MUSE1]

mosaic gold n.  1  tin disulphide 彩色金，二硫化锡颜料 2  an alloy of copper and zinc used in cheap jewellery etc. (用于廉价珠宝等的)镶嵌金；人造金(铜锌合金)

Mosaic Law n.  the laws attributed to Moses and listed in the Pentateuch 摩西五经，摩西律法

mosasaurus /məʊsəˈsɔ:rəs/ n.  any of a group of large extinct marine reptiles of the late Cretaceous period, esp. of the genus Mosasaurus, with a long slender body and paddle-like limbs (白垩纪)沧龙 [modern Latin, from Mosa, the river Meuse (near which it was first discovered) + Greek sauros ‘lizard’]

moschatel /mɒskəˈtel/ n.  a small plant, Adoxa moschatellina, with pale green flowers and a musky smell 五福花 [French moscatelle from Italian moscatella, from moscato ‘musk’]

Moscow /ˈmɒskəu/ n.  莫斯科 [俄罗斯首都]

Moselle /mə(ʊ)ˈzel/ n. (also 亦作 Mosel)  a light medium dry white wine produced in the valley of the river Moselle (摩泽尔河谷生产的)摩泽尔白葡萄酒 [French Moselle, German Mosel]

mosey /ˈməʊzi/ v. intr. (-eys, -eyed) (often foll. by 常后跟 along) slang  walk in a leisurely or aimless manner [俚语]溜达；闲逛；漫步 [19th c.: origin unknown]

moshav /ˈməʊʃɑ:v, məʊˈʃɑ:v/ n. (pl. moshavim)  a cooperative association of Israeli smallholders 莫夏夫(以色列小农生产者合作协会) [Hebrew mošɑˉb, literally ‘dwelling’]

Moslem var.  of MUSLIM  MUSLIM 的变体

mosque /mɒsk/ n.  a Muslim place of worship 清真寺 [French mosquée via Italian moschea from Arabic masjid]

mosquito /mɒˈski:təʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  any slender biting dipterous fly of the family Culicidae, esp. of the genus Culex, Anopheles, or Aedes, the female of which punctures the skin of humans and other animals with a long proboscis to suck their blood, transmitting diseases such as filariasis and malaria 蚊子(尤指库蚊属、按蚊属、伊蚊属的蚊子) [Spanish and Portuguese, diminutive of mosca, from Latin musca ‘fly’]

mosquito-boat n. US  a motor torpedo boat [美]轻快艇；鱼雷快艇

mosquito net n.  a net to keep off mosquitoes 蚊帐

moss /mɒs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any small cryptogamous plant of the class Musci, growing in dense clusters on the surface of the ground, in bogs, on trees, stones, etc. (地面上、沼泽中、树和石头等上生长的)苔藓类植物 2 Sc. & N. Engl.  a bog, esp. a peatbog [苏格兰和英格兰北部]藓沼(尤指泥炭沼泽) ●v. tr.  cover with moss 在…长满苔藓 □ mosslike  adj.   [Old English mos ‘bog, moss’, from Germanic]

moss agate n.  agate with mosslike dendritic markings 藓纹玛瑙

moss-grown adj.  overgrown with moss 长满苔藓的

moss-hag n. Sc.  broken ground from which peat has been taken [苏格兰]藓沼凹地(泥炭已挖去)

mosso /ˈmɒsəʊ/ adv. Mus.  with animation or speed 【音】活跃的 [Italian, past part. of muovere ‘move’]

moss stitch n.  alternate plain and purl in knitting 桂花针组织

mosstrooper /ˈmɒstru:pə/ n. hist.  a freebooter of the Scottish Border in the 17th c. [史义] (17 世纪苏格兰边境的)沼泽地的强盗

mossy /ˈmɒsi/ adj. (mossier, mossiest)  1  covered in or resembling moss 布满苔藓的；苔藓样的 2 US slang  antiquated, old-fashioned [美] [俚语]古老的；过时的 □ mossiness  n.  

most /məʊst/ det., pron. & adv. ●det.  1  existing in the greatest quantity or degree 最多的；最大的；最高程度的  most brilliant schemes have a flaw  最完美的计划也有疵漏 see who can make the most noise  比谁的声音最大 2  the majority of; nearly all of 大多数的；几乎全部的  most people think so  大多数人这样认为 ●pron.  1  the majority 大多数  most of them are missing  大多数人缺席 2  the greatest quantity or number 最大量；最多数  this is the most I can do  这是我尽最大能力所能做到的 3 (作 the most) slang  the best of all [俚语]最好的  you are the most  你是最棒的 ●adv.  1  in the highest degree 在最大程度上；极其；十分  this is most interesting  这最有趣 what most annoys me  最令我烦恼的事 2  forming the superlative of adjectives and adverbs, esp. those of more than one syllable (用以构成形容词、副词最高级，尤指两个音节或两个音节以上的词)最，十分  most certain  确定无疑 most easily  最容易 3 US colloq.  almost [美口]几乎；差不多  most everyone I know agrees  几乎我认识的每一个人都同意 □ at most   no more or better than 至多；不超过  this is at most a makeshift  这充其量不过是权宜之计□ at the most   1  as the greatest amount 最大量 2  not more than 最多□ for the most part   1  as regards the greater part 主要地 2  usually 通常□ make the most of   1  employ to the best advantage 充分利用；尽量利用 2  represent at its best or worst 尽量使…好看(不好看) [Old English mɑˉst, from Germanic]

-most /məʊst/ suffix  forming superlative adjectives and adverbs from prepositions and other words indicating relative position (foremost 最前的 ; uttermost 最大的) (与介词及其他表示相对位置的词组成形容词和副词的最高级)最 [Old English -mest, from Germanic]

Most High n. (prec. by 前接 the)  God 上帝，老天爷

Most Honourable n.  a title given to marquesses and to members of the Privy Council and the Order of the Bath 最尊敬的(对侯爵、枢密院成员、巴思勋章获得者的尊称)

mostly /ˈməʊs(t)li/ adv.  1  as regards the greater part 几乎全部地 2  usually 通常

Most Reverend n.  the title of an archbishop or of an Irish Roman Catholic bishop 最尊敬的大人(对大主教、爱尔兰天主教会主教的称谓)

MOT abbr. [缩略]  1 hist. (in the UK) Ministry of Transport [史义] (英国)运输部 2 (in full 全称 MOT test)  a compulsory annual test of motor vehicles of more than a specified age (机动车的)年检

mot /məʊ, 法 mo/ n. (pl. mots pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /məʊz/)  a witty saying 警句；妙句 [French, = word, ultimately via Latin muttum ‘uttered sound’ from muttire ‘murmur’]

mote /məʊt/ n.  a speck of dust 尘埃；微粒 [Old English mot, corresponding to Dutch mot ‘dust, sawdust’, of unknown origin]

motel /məʊˈtel/ n.  a roadside hotel providing accommodation for motorists and parking for their vehicles 汽车旅馆(路边旅店，供车主住宿和停车) [portmanteau word from MOTOR + HOTEL]

motet /məʊˈtet/ n. Mus.  a short sacred choral composition 【音】经文歌 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of mot: see MOT]

moth /mɒθ/ n.  1  any usu. nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera, often drably coloured, and distinguished from butterflies as having a stout body, lacking clubbed antennae, and folding the wings flat when at rest 飞蛾(通常夜间活动) 2 (in full 全称 clothes-moth)  any small lepidopterous insect of the family Tineidae breeding in cloth etc., on which its larva feeds (在织物等中繁殖的)衣蛾 [Old English moththe]

mothball /ˈmɒθbɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a ball of naphthalene etc. placed in stored clothes to keep away moths (含萘等的)卫生球；樟脑丸 ●v. tr.  1  place in mothballs 封存，保存 2  leave unused 使备用；使束之高阁 □ in mothballs   stored unused for a considerable time 封存的；保存的

moth-eaten adj.  1  damaged or destroyed by moths 虫蛀的；千疮百孔的 2  antiquated, time-worn 老掉牙的；陈旧的

mother /ˈmʌðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a woman in relation to a child or children to whom she has given birth 母亲，妈妈b (in full 全称 adoptive mother)  a woman who has continuous care of a child, esp. by adoption (尤指通过收养而成为的)继母；养母 2  any female animal in relation to its offspring 母兽；母畜 3  a quality or condition etc. that gives rise to another (特性、条件等所引起的)根源；根由  necessity is the mother of invention  需要是发明之母 4 (in full 全称 Mother Superior)  the head of a female religious community (女隐修院的)女院长；(宗教团体的)女主管人 5 archaic (esp. as a form of address) an elderly woman [古义] (尤作为一种称谓)大娘；大妈 6 (作 attrib.)  a  designating an institution etc. regarded as having maternal authority (机构等)母性权威  Mother Church  大教堂 mother earth  大地b  designating the main ship, spacecraft, etc., in a convoy or mission 母舰；航空母舰(航空母机等)  the mother craft  母舰 ●v. tr.  1  give birth to; be the mother of 生；产；做母亲 2  protect as a mother 母亲般保护 3  give rise to; be the source of 产生；是…的根源 4  acknowledge or profess oneself the mother of 声称(表示)自己为…创始人(或母亲) □ motherhood  n.  □ motherless  adj.  □ motherlessness  n.  □ motherlike  adj. & adv.   [Old English mōdor, from Germanic]

motherboard /ˈmʌðəbɔ:d/ n. Computing  a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a microcomputer etc. 【计算】母板；主板，装配板(包含微机等的主要元件)

Mother Carey's chicken n.  = STORM PETREL 1  [18th c.: origin unknown]

mother country n.  a country in relation to its colonies (殖民地的)母国，祖国

mothercraft /ˈmʌðəkrɑ:ft/ n.  skill in or knowledge of looking after children as a mother 育儿法(知识)

mother figure n.  an older woman who is regarded as a source of nurture, support, etc. (将养育、帮助等方面的人看作)慈母般的人

motherfucker /ˈmʌðəfʌkə/ n. esp. N. Amer. coarse slang  an obnoxious or very unpleasant person or thing [尤北美] [粗俗俚语]不要脸的家伙；混账东西 □ motherfucking  adj.  

Mother Goose rhyme n. N. Amer.  a nursery rhyme [北美]儿歌；童谣 [from the name of the imaginary author of a collection of children's rhymes (1781)]

Mothering Sunday /ˈmʌð(ə)riŋ/ n. Brit.  the fourth Sunday in Lent, traditionally a day for honouring mothers with gifts [英]拜望双亲节(四旬斋第 4 个星期日)

mother-in-law n. (pl. mothers-in-law)  the mother of one's husband or wife 岳母；婆母

mother-in-law's tongue n.  a plant, Sansevieria trifasciata, with long erect pointed leaves 哑丛根芋；虎皮兰

motherland /ˈmʌðəlænd/ n.  one's native country 祖国

mother lode n. Mining  the main vein of a system 【采矿学】母脉

motherly /ˈmʌðəli/ adj.  1  like or characteristic of a mother in affection, care, etc. (在爱、照顾等方面)慈母般的；母亲似的 2  of or relating to a mother (有关)母亲的 □ motherliness  n.   [Old English mōdorlic (as MOTHER)]

mother-naked adj.  stark naked 赤条条的

mother-of-pearl n.  a smooth iridescent substance forming the inner layer of the shell of some molluscs 珍珠母；珍珠层

Mother's Day n.  1 Brit. [英]  = MOTHERING SUNDAY  2 N. Amer.  an equivalent day on the second Sunday in May [北美]母亲节 (5 月的第 2 个星期日)

mother's ruin n. colloq.  gin [口]烈酒

mother's son n. colloq.  a man [口]男人  every mother's son of you  你们每个男人

Mother Superior  see 见 MOTHER n. 4 

mother-to-be n.  a woman who is expecting a baby 孕妇，准妈妈

mother tongue n.  1  one's native language 母语；本族语 2  a language from which others have evolved (衍生其他语言的)原始语言

mother wit n.  native wit; common sense 天资；常识

mothproof /ˈmɒθpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj. (of clothes) treated so as to repel moths (衣服)防蛀的 ●v. tr.  treat (clothes) in this way 将(衣服)做防蛀处理

mothy /ˈmɒθi/ adj. (mothier, mothiest)  infested with moths 多蛀虫的；多蛾的

motif /məʊˈti:f/ n.  1  a distinctive feature or dominant idea in artistic or literary composition (艺术或文学创作的)主题；中心思想 2 Mus. 【音】  = FIGUREn. 10  3  a decorative design or pattern 基本色彩；基本图案；基调 4  an ornament of lace etc. sewn separately on a garment (衣服的)花边 5 Brit.  an ornament on a vehicle identifying the maker, model, etc. [英] (汽车上表示生产厂家、型号等的)商标饰物 [French (as MOTIVE)]

motile /ˈməʊtail/ adj. Zool. & Bot.  capable of motion 【动】【植】能动的 □ motility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Latin motus ‘motion’ (as MOVE)]

motion /ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or process of moving or of changing position 运动；移动 2  a particular manner of moving the body in walking etc. (走等的)步态 3  a change of posture 姿势 4  a gesture 手势 5  a formal proposal put to a committee, legislature, etc. (向委员会、议会提出的)动议；提议 6 Law  an application for a rule or order of court 【法律】请求；申请 7 Brit. [英]  a  an evacuation of the bowels 大便b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  faeces 排泄物 8  a piece of moving mechanism 机械装置 ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  1 tr.  direct (a person) by a sign or gesture 向(某人)示意(或做手势) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to a person)  make a gesture directing 做手势  motioned to me to leave  示意我离开 □ go through the motions   1  make a pretence; do something perfunctorily or superficially 装样子；敷衍(搪塞)地做事 2  simulate an action by gestures (通过姿势)模拟□ in motion   moving; not at rest 移动的；运动的□ put (or set) in motion   set going or working 使运转(或工作)□ motional  adj.  □ motionless  adj.  □ motionlessly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin motio -onis (as MOVE)]

motion picture n. (often, with hyphen, attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  a film (see 见 FILM n. 3) with the illusion of movement 电影

motion sickness n.  nausea induced by motion, esp. by travelling in a vehicle (尤指乘汽车旅游时得的)晕动病

motivate /ˈməʊtiveit/ v. tr.  1  supply a motive to; be the motive of 给予机动；使有动机 2  cause (a person) to act in a particular way 使(某人)以某种方式行事 3  stimulate the interest of (a person in an activity) 激起(某人对某项活动)的兴趣 □ motivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ motivational  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ motivationally  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n(ə)li/ adv.  □ motivator  n.  

motive /ˈməʊtiv/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a factor or circumstance that induces a person to act in a particular way 动机；缘由；目的 2  a motif in art, literature, or music (艺术、文学、音乐上的)主题；中心思想 ●adj.  1  tending to initiate movement 引起运动的；发动的 2  concerned with movement 运动的 ●v. tr.  = MOTIVATE  □ motiveless  adj.  □ motivelessly  adv.  □ motivelessness  n.  □ motivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French motif (adj. & n.) from Late Latin motivus (adj.) (as MOVE)]

motive power n.  a moving or impelling power, esp. a source of energy used to drive machinery 动力(尤指用作驱动机器的能源)

mot juste /ˈʒu:st, 法 ʒyst/ n. (pl. mots justes pronunc. same 单复发音同)  the most appropriate expression 贴切的字眼(表达)

motley /ˈmɒtli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (motlier, motliest)  1  diversified in colour 五颜六色的；杂色的 2  of varied character 成分混杂的  a motley crew  成分混杂的一伙人 ●n.  1  an incongruous mixture 混杂物 2 hist.  the particoloured costume of a jester [史义]彩衣小丑装束 □ wear motley   play the fool 演丑角，扮演小丑 [Middle English mottelay, perhaps ultimately related to MOTE]

motmot /ˈmɒtmɒt/ n.  a bird of the tropical American family Momotidae, some members of which have two long tail feathers like rackets (美洲)翠鴗 [Latin American Spanish, imitative]

motocross /ˈməʊtə(ʊ)krɒs/ n.  cross-country racing on motorcycles 摩托车越野赛 [MOTOR + CROSS-]

moto perpetuo /ˌməʊtəʊ pəˈpetjʊəʊ/ n. Mus.  a usu. fast-moving instrumental composition consisting mainly of notes of equal value 【音】无穷动(通常主要以同样速度进行的音乐) [Italian, = perpetual motion]

motor /ˈməʊtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing that imparts motion 发动机；引擎；原动力 2  a machine (esp. one using electricity or internal combustion) supplying motive power for a vehicle etc. or for some other device with moving parts (尤指利用电、内燃机给车辆等提供动力的)电动机；马达 3 Brit. [英]  = MOTOR CAR  4 (作 attrib.)  a  giving, imparting, or producing motion 引起运动的；发动的b  driven by a motor 马达起动的；电动的  motor mower  电动除草机c  of or for motor vehicles 汽车的；为汽车(设计)的d Anat.  relating to muscular movement or the nerves activating it 【解】(有关)肌肉运动的； (神经)引起肌肉运动的 ●v. intr. & tr.  go or (Brit.) convey in a motor vehicle 乘汽车；[英]用汽车运送 □ motorial  /məʊˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. (in sense 4a of n. 用于名词释义 4a)  □ motory  adj. (in sense 4a of n. 用于名词释义 4a)   [Latin, = mover (as MOVE)]

motorable /ˈməʊt(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. Brit. (of a road) that can be used by motor vehicles [英] (道路)可行驶汽车的

motor area n.  the part of the frontal lobe of the brain associated with the initiation of muscular action (大脑皮层的)运动区

motor bicycle n.  a motorcycle or moped 轻型摩托车；机器脚踏车；机动自行车

motorbike /ˈməʊtəbaik/ n. colloq. [口]  = MOTORCYCLE 

motor boat n.  a motor-driven boat 摩托艇；汽艇；汽船

motorcade /ˈməʊtəkeid/ n.  a procession of motor vehicles 汽车队 [MOTOR, on the pattern of cavalcade]

motor car  see 见 CAR 1 

motor caravan n.  a van equipped with beds, cooking facilities, etc., like a caravan 机动旅居篷车(带卧具、烹饪设备等)

motor coach n.  1  = COACHn. 1  2  a railway passenger carriage with its own motor 铁路客车

motorcycle /ˈməʊtəsaik(ə)l/ n.  a two-wheeled motor-driven road vehicle without pedal propulsion 双轮摩托车 □ motorcycling  n.  □ motorcyclist  n.  

motorhome /ˈməʊtəhəʊm/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a large motor vehicle equipped as a self-contained home [尤北美]旅宿汽车

motorist /ˈməʊt(ə)rist/ n.  the driver of a motor car 汽车司机

motorize /ˈməʊtəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  equip (troops etc.) with motor transport 使(部队等)机动化 2  provide with a motor for propulsion etc. (为驱动等)装发动机 □ motorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

motorman /ˈməʊtəmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  the driver of an underground train, tram, etc. 地铁(电车等)司机

motormouth /ˈməʊtəmaʊθ/ n. N. Amer. slang  a person who talks incessantly and trivially [北美] [俚语]喋喋不休的人，唠唠叨叨的人

motor nerve n.  a nerve carrying impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle 运动神经

motor neurone disease n. Med.  a progressive disease involving degeneration of the motor neurones and wasting of the muscles 【医】运动神经元病

motor racing n.  the racing of motorized vehicles, esp. cars, as a sport 赛车(尤指汽车)

motor scooter  see 见 SCOOTER n. 2 

motor sport n.  = MOTOR RACING 

motor vehicle n.  a road vehicle powered by an internal-combustion engine 机动车辆；汽车

motorway /ˈməʊtəwei/ n. Brit.  a main road with separate carriageways and limited access, specially constructed and controlled for fast motor traffic [英]高速公路

motor yacht n.  a motor-driven yacht 摩托艇

Motown /ˈməʊtaʊn/ n.  music with rhythm-and-blues and soul elements, associated with Detroit 汽车城音乐(黑人的强节奏布鲁斯摇滚乐，与汽车城底特律有关) [abbreviation of Tamla Motown, the proprietary name of a record label, Motown being a name for Detroit, a shortening of Motor Town (from its car manufacturing industry)]

motte /mɒt/ n.  a mound forming the site of a castle, camp, etc. (建有城堡、营地等的)高地 [Middle English from Old French mote (as MOAT)]

mottle /ˈmɒt(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 mottled adj.)  mark with spots or smears of colour 使成斑驳状；使呈杂色 ●n.  1  an irregular arrangement of spots or patches of colour 斑驳；杂色 2  any of these spots or patches 斑点；斑纹 [probably a back-formation from MOTLEY]

motto /ˈmɒtəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a maxim adopted as a rule of conduct 格言；座右铭 2  a phrase or sentence accompanying a coat of arms or crest (盾上及徽章上的)箴言 3  a sentence inscribed on some object and expressing an appropriate sentiment (表达一定感情的)题铭；警言 4  verses etc. in a paper cracker (纸爆竹上的)妙语(诗句等) 5  a quotation prefixed to a book or chapter 题句；题词 6 Mus.  a recurrent phrase having some symbolical significance 【音】警句 [Italian (as MOT)]

moue /mu:/ n.  = POUT1n.  [French]

mouflon /ˈmu:flɒn/ n. (also 亦作 moufflon)  a wild mountain sheep, Ovis orientalis, of S. Europe 欧洲盘羊 [French mouflon via Italian muflone from Romanic]

mouillé /ˈmu:jei, 法 muje/ adj. Phonet. (of a consonant) palatalized 【语音】(辅音)腭化的 [French, = wetted]

moujik var.  of MUZHIK  MUZHIK 的变体

mould1 /məʊld/ n. & v. (US [美] mold) ●n.  1  a hollow container into which molten metal etc. is poured or soft material is pressed to harden into a required shape 模子(内盛熔化金属等)；模具；模型 2  a  a hollow vessel, esp. of metal or earthenware, used to give shape to puddings etc. (做布丁等的)模子(由金属、陶器制成)b  a pudding etc. made in this way (由模子制成的)布丁(等) 3  a form or shape, esp. of an animal body 形状(尤指动物体形) 4 Archit.  a moulding or group of mouldings 【建】线条；线脚；花边 5  a frame or template for producing mouldings 框架；型板 6  character or disposition 性格；气质  in heroic mould  以英雄气概 ●v. tr.  1  make (an object) in a required shape or from certain ingredients 使(某物)成型；用…塑造  was moulded out of clay  用粘土塑造 2  give a shape to 使成型 3  influence the formation or development of 对…的形成(或发展)施加影响  consultation helps to mould policies  协商有助于政策的制定 4 (esp. of clothing) fit closely to (尤指衣物)与…合身；合体  the gloves moulded his hands  手套适合他手的大小 □ mouldable  adj.  □ moulder  n.   [Middle English mold(e), apparently via Old French modle from Latin modulus: see MODULUS]

mould2 /məʊld/ n. (US [美] mold)  a woolly or furry growth of minute fungi occurring esp. in moist warm conditions 霉菌(尤在潮湿温暖条件下生长) [Middle English, probably from obsolete mould, past part. of moul ‘grow mouldy’ from Old Norse mygla]

mould3 /məʊld/ n. (US [美] mold)  1 esp. Brit.  loose earth [尤英]松软土壤 2  the upper soil of cultivated land, esp. when rich in organic matter (尤指含丰富有机物质的)肥土；沃土 [Old English molde from Germanic: related to MEAL2]

mould-board n.  the board in a plough that turns over the furrow-slice 犁壁

moulder /ˈməʊldə/ v. intr. (US [美] molder)  1  decay to dust 变为泥土 2 (foll. by 后跟 away)  rot or crumble 腐烂；碎裂 3  deteriorate 退化；衰退 [perhaps from MOULD3, but cf. Norwegian dialect muldra ‘crumble’]

moulding /ˈməʊldiŋ/ n. (US [美] molding)  1  a  an ornamentally shaped outline as an architectural feature, esp. in a cornice (尤指檐口的)装饰线条；线饰；线脚；花边b  a strip of material in wood or stone etc. for use as moulding (木头或石头等的)模塑物；装饰条 2  similar material in wood or plastic etc. used for other decorative purposes, e.g. in picture framing (木头、塑料等的)装饰物(如画框)

mouldy /ˈməʊldi/ adj. (US [美] moldy) (-ier, -iest)  1  covered with mould 发了霉的 2  stale; out of date 陈腐的；过时的 3 colloq. (as a general term of disparagement) dull, miserable, boring [口] (作一般性的贬语)乏味的；令人难受的；令人厌烦的 □ mouldiness  n.  

moulin /ˈmu:lin, 法 mulɛ˜/ n.  a nearly vertical shaft in a glacier, formed by surface water percolating through a crack in the ice 冰川锅穴；冰河竖坑 [French, literally ‘mill’]

moult /məʊlt/ v. & n. (US [美] molt) ●v.  1 intr.  shed feathers, hair, a shell, skin, etc., in the process of renewing plumage, acquiring a new growth, etc. (为了生长等)换羽；脱毛；退壳(蜕皮等) 2 tr. (of an animal) shed (feathers, hair, etc.) (动物)换(羽)；脱(毛)；蜕(皮) ●n.  the act or an instance of moulting 脱毛；蜕皮；换羽  is in moult once a year  一年换一次羽毛 [Middle English moute from Old English, from Latin mutare ‘change’: for intrusive -l- cf. fault etc.]

mound1 /maʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a raised mass of earth, stones, or other compacted material 土堆；沙石堆 2  a heap or pile 一堆；一垛 3  a hillock 小山岗 4 Baseball  a slight elevation on which the pitcher stands 【棒球】投球区土墩 ●v. tr.  1  heap up in a mound or mounds 拢成堆(土山) 2  enclose with mounds 用土堤围 [16th c. (originally = hedge or fence): origin unknown]

mound2 /maʊnd/ n. Heraldry  a ball of gold etc. representing the earth, and usu. surmounting a crown 【纹章学】(通常王冠上金等制作的)宝球(代表地球) [Middle English via Old French monde from Latin mundus ‘world’]

mount1 /maʊnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  ascend or climb (a hill, stairs, etc.) 登上(山、阶梯等) 2 tr.  a  get up on (an animal, esp. a horse) to ride it 骑上(动物，尤指马)b  set (a person) on horseback 扶(某人)上马背c  provide (a person) with a horse 给(某人)配备马d (as 作 mounted adj.)  serving on horseback 马背上的  mounted police  骑警 3 tr.  go up or climb on to (a raised surface) 登上；爬上(高处) 4 intr.  a  move upwards 往上移动b (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  increase, accumulate 增加；增长c (of a feeling) become stronger or more intense (情感)增强  excitement was mounting  激动的情绪上涨d (of the blood) rise into the cheeks (血)涌上面孔 5 tr. (esp. of a male animal) get on to (a female) to copulate (尤指雄性动物趴在雌性动物身上)交配 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  place (an object) on an elevated support 把…放在支架上 7 tr.  a  set in or attach to a backing, setting, or other support 安放；架设；安装；镶嵌在支架上b  attach (a picture etc.) to a mount or frame 裱贴(画等)c  fix (an object for viewing) on a microscope slide 固定(观察物)在显微镜载片上 8 tr.  a  arrange (a play, exhibition, etc.) or present for public view or display 上演(剧本)；准备(展览等)b  take action to initiate (a programme, campaign, etc.) 上演(节目)；开展运动等 9 tr.  prepare (specimens) for preservation 制作(标本) 10 tr.  a  bring into readiness for operation 使做好行动准备b  raise (guns) into position on a fixed mounting 架起(枪炮) 11 intr.  rise to a higher level of rank, power, etc. (地位、权力等)晋升；升级 ●n.  1  a backing or setting on which a photograph, work of art, gem, etc. is set for display (镶嵌的照片、艺术品、宝石等的)底板，托板 2  a support for a gun, camera, etc. (枪、照相机等的)托架，三角架 3  a glass microscope slide for securing a specimen etc. to be viewed (观看标本等的)显微镜载片 4  a stamp hinge (粘邮票用的)透明胶纸 5  a  a horse available for riding (可供骑的)马b  an opportunity to ride a horse, esp. as a jockey (尤作为职业赛马骑师的)骑马机会 □ mount guard  (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  perform the duty of guarding; take up sentry duty 站岗；放哨□ mountable  adj.  □ mounter  n.   [Middle English from Old French munter, monter, ultimately from Latin (as MOUNT2)]

mount2 /maʊnt/ n. archaic (except before a name 只用于名字前)  mountain, hill [古义]山；丘  Mount Everest  珠穆朗玛峰 Mount of Olives  橄榄山 [Old English munt from Latin mons montis ‘mountain’, reinforced in Middle English by Old French mont]

mountain /ˈmaʊntin/ n.  1  a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level; a large or high and steep hill 山；山岳；山脉 2  a large heap or pile; a huge quantity 一大堆；大量  a mountain of work  大量的工作 3  a large surplus stock of a commodity (商品)大量积压(过剩)  butter mountain  积压的黄油 □ make a mountain out of a molehill   see 见 MOLEHILL □ move mountains   1  achieve spectacular results 创造奇迹 2  make every possible effort 竭尽全力□ mountainy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French montaigne, ultimately from Latin mons montis]

mountain ash n.  1  a tree, Sorbus aucuparia, with delicate pinnate leaves and scarlet berries also called 亦称作 ROWAN 花楸 2  any of several Australian eucalypts (澳大利亚)桉树属植物

mountain avens n.  a creeping alpine plant, Dryas octopetala (rose family), with white flowers (蔷薇科)多瓣木，仙女木

mountain bike n.  a bicycle with a light sturdy frame, broad deep-treaded tyres, and multiple gears, originally designed for riding on mountainous terrain 山地(自行)车

mountain chain n.  a connected series of mountains 山脉；山系

mountaineer /maʊntiˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person skilled in mountain climbing 登山运动员 2  a person living in an area of high mountains 山地人 ●v. intr.  climb mountains as a sport 登山，爬山 □ mountaineering  n.  

mountain goat n.  1  a goat which lives on mountains, proverbial for agility 石山羊 2 (in full 全称 Rocky Mountain goat)  a white goatlike animal, Oreamnos americanus, of mountains in western N. America (北美西部的)落基山石山羊

mountain laurel n.  a N. American shrub, Kalmia latifolia (北美的)山月桂

mountain lion n.  a puma 美洲狮

mountainous /ˈmaʊntinəs/ adj.  1 (of a region) having many mountains (地区)多山的；有山的 2  huge 巨大如山的

mountain panther n.  = OUNCE2 

mountain range n.  a line of mountains connected by high ground 山脉

mountain sickness n.  a sickness caused by breathing the rarefied air at great heights 高山病，升高晕

mountainside /ˈmaʊntinsaid/ n.  the slope of a mountain below the summit 山腰，山坡

Mountain Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Mountain Time)  the standard time in a zone including parts of Canada and the US in or near the Rocky Mountains, seven hours behind GMT 加拿大和美国落基山地区的山地标准时间

mountebank /ˈmaʊntibæŋk/ n.  1  a swindler; a charlatan 江湖骗子；庸医 2  a clown 小丑 3 hist.  an itinerant quack appealing to an audience from a platform [史义]江湖游医 □ mountebankery  n.   [Italian montambanco = monta in banco ‘climb on bench’: see MOUNT1, BENCH]

Mountie /ˈmaʊnti/ n. colloq.  a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police [口] (加拿大)皇家骑警队员

mounting /ˈmaʊntiŋ/ n.  1  = MOUNT1n. 1  2  in senses of MOUNT1 v. 用于 MOUNT1 动词的各释义

mounting block n.  a block of stone placed to help a rider mount a horse 上马垫脚石

mourn /mɔ:n/ v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 for) intr.  feel or show deep sorrow or regret for (a dead person, a lost thing, a past event, etc.) 因(去世的人、丢失的物品、往事而)表示哀悼；感到痛心；感到遗憾 2 intr.  show conventional signs of grief after a person's death 悲痛；哀悼 [Old English murnan]

mourner /ˈmɔ:nə/ n.  1  a person who mourns, esp. at a funeral 哀痛者；(尤指在葬礼上的)哀悼者 2  a person hired to attend a funeral (受雇的)职业送葬人

mournful /ˈmɔ:nfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  doleful, sad, sorrowing 令人苦恼的；令人忧伤的；令人悲痛的 2  expressing or suggestive of mourning 忧伤的；悲痛的 □ mournfully  adv.  □ mournfulness  n.  

mourning /ˈmɔ:niŋ/ n.  1  the expression of deep sorrow, esp. for a dead person, by the wearing of solemn dress 哀痛；(尤指为死人穿丧服的)哀悼 2  the clothes worn in mourning 丧服 □ in mourning   assuming the signs of mourning, esp. in dress 带着孝(尤指穿着丧服)

mourning-band n.  a band of black crape etc. round a person's sleeve or hat as a token of mourning (服丧时佩带的)黑纱(黑丝等)

mourning cloak n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CAMBERWELL BEAUTY 

mourning dove n.  an American dove with a plaintive note, Zenaida macroura (美洲)哀鸽

mourning-paper n.  notepaper with a black edge 黑边信笺

mourning ring n.  a ring worn as a memorial of a deceased person 纪念死者的戒指

mousaka var.  of MOUSSAKA  MOUSSAKA 的变体

mouse /maʊs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. mice /mais/)  1  a  any of various small rodents esp. of the family Muridae, usu. having a pointed snout and relatively large ears and eyes (尤指鼠科的)小鼠(通常嘴尖、大耳、大眼)b  any of several similar small mammals, such as a shrew or vole 小家鼠；鼷鼠 2  a timid or feeble person 胆小的人；懦夫 3 (pl. also 亦作 mouses) Computing  a small hand-held device which controls the cursor on a VDU screen 【计算】鼠标 4 slang  a black eye [俚语]青肿的眼睛 ●v. intr. /also 亦作 maʊz/  1 (esp. of a cat, owl, etc.) hunt for or catch mice (尤指猫、猫头鹰等)猎食；捕鼠 2 (foll. by 后跟 about)  search industriously; prowl about as if searching 仔细地寻找；搜索 □ mouselike  adj. & adv.  □ mouser  n.   [Old English mūs, pl. myˉs, from Germanic]

mouse-coloured adj.  of a nondescript shade of light brown, mid brown, or grey 鼠灰色；灰褐色

mouse deer n.  a chevrotain 鼷鹿，鼠鹿

mouse hare n.  a pika 鼠兔

mousetrap /ˈmaʊstræp/ n.  1  a sprung trap with bait for catching and usu. killing mice 捕鼠器；捕鼠夹(通常可致鼠死) 2 (often 常作 attrib.) Brit.  cheese of poor quality [英]劣质乳酪

mousey var.  of MOUSY  MOUSY 的变体

moussaka /mu:ˈsɑ:kə, mu:səˈkɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 mousaka)  a Greek dish of minced meat, aubergine, etc. with a cheese sauce (希腊)肉末茄子蛋 [modern Greek or Turkish]

mousse /mu:s/ n.  1  a  a dessert of whipped cream, eggs, etc., usu. flavoured with fruit or chocolate (掼奶油、鸡蛋等的)奶油冻(通常带水果、巧克力味)b  a meat or fish purée made with whipped cream etc. 肉泥(或鱼泥) (含掼奶油等) 2  a preparation applied to the hair enabling it to be styled more easily (定发型用的)摩丝 3  a mixture of oil and sea water forming a froth on the surface of the sea after an oil-spill (溢油后油与海水形成的)奶油冻似的胶凝物 [French, = moss, froth]

mousseline /ˈmu:sli:n/ n.  1  a muslin-like fabric of silk etc. (丝绸等的)平纹薄织物 2  a  a soft light mousse 真丝薄绸；人丝薄绸b  hollandaise sauce made frothy with whipped cream or egg white (拌有掼奶油或蛋白的)荷兰酸辣调味汁 [French: see MUSLIN]

moustache /məˈstɑ:ʃ/ n. (US [美] mustache)  1  hair left to grow above a man's upper lip 口髭；八字须 2  a similar growth round the mouth of some animals (动物的)触须 □ moustached  adj.   [French, via Italian mostaccio from Greek mustax -akos]

moustache cup n.  a cup with a partial cover to protect the moustache when drinking 护须杯

Mousterian /mu:ˈstiəriən/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the main culture of the middle palaeolithic period, associated with Neanderthal peoples and dated to c. 80,000 － 35,000 BC (与尼安德特人有关的) (有关)穆斯特文化的 ●n.  this culture 穆斯特文化 [French moustiérien from Le Moustier a cave in SW France, where remains were found]

mousy /ˈmaʊsi/ adj. (also 亦作 mousey) (mousier, mousiest)  1  of or like a mouse (似)鼠的 2 (of a person) shy or timid; ineffectual (人)胆小的；没用的 3  = MOUSE-COLOURED  □ mousily  adv.  □ mousiness  n.  

mouth n. & v. ●n. /maʊθ/ (pl. mouths /maʊðz/)  1  a  an external opening in the head, through which most animals admit food and emit communicative sounds 口；口腔b (in humans and some animals) the cavity behind it containing the means of biting and chewing and the vocal organs (人类及某些动物的)嘴 2  a  the opening of a container such as a bag or sack 袋口b  the opening of a cave, volcano, etc. (洞穴、火山等)出入口；火山口c  the open end of a woodwind or brass instrument (木管乐器、铜管乐器的)吹口d  the muzzle of a gun 枪口 3  the place where a river enters the sea 河口 4 colloq. [口]  a  talkativeness 空话，大话b  impudent talk; cheek 傲慢话；厚脸 5  an individual regarded as needing sustenance (需要赡养的)人  an extra mouth to feed  又添了一张嘴 6  a horse's readiness to feel and obey the pressure of the bit (用缰绳控制的)马口 ●v. /maʊð/  1 tr. & intr.  utter or speak solemnly or with affectations; rant, declaim 说出；装腔作势地说(或说话)；用演讲腔说(或说话)；大声地说(或叫喊)  mouthing platitudes  说一些陈词滥调 2 tr.  utter very distinctly 清楚地说 3 intr.  a  move the lips silently 用口型默示b  grimace 做怪相 4 tr.  say (words) with movement of the mouth but no sound 不出声地说(话) 5 tr.  take (food) in the mouth 吃(食物) 6 tr.  touch with the mouth 用嘴接触 7 tr.  train the mouth of (a horse) 练(马)使之习惯于口中的嚼子 □ give mouth  (of a dog) bark, bay (狗)叫，吠□ keep one's mouth shut  colloq.  not reveal a secret [口]守口如瓶；保持缄默□ put words into a person's mouth   represent a person as having said something in a particular way 说某人曾那样讲过□ take the words out of a person's mouth   say what another was about to say 说出某人心里要讲的话□ mouthed  /maʊðd/ adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ mouther  /ˈmaʊðə/ n.  □ mouthless  /ˈmauθlis/ adj.   [Old English mūth, from Germanic]

mouthbrooder /ˈmaʊθbru:də/ n.  a fish which protects its eggs (and sometimes its young) by carrying them in its mouth 口育鱼(有时口腔繁育小鱼)

mouthful /ˈmaʊθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  a quantity, esp. of food, that fills the mouth (尤指食物的)一口量 2  a small quantity 一点儿 3  a long or complicated word or phrase 冗长而拗口的词(或词组) 4 US colloq.  something important said [美口]意味深长的话；重要的话

mouth organ n.  = HARMONICA 

mouthpart /ˈmaʊθpɑ:t/ n.  any of the (usu. paired) organs surrounding the mouth of an insect or other arthropod and adapted for feeding (昆虫等通常成对的)口器

mouthpiece /ˈmaʊθpi:s/ n.  1  a  the part of a musical instrument placed between or against the lips (乐器的)吹口b  the part of a telephone for speaking into (电话的)送话口c  the part of a tobacco pipe placed between the lips (烟斗的)咬嘴 2  a  a person who speaks for another or others 代言人；喉舌b colloq.  a lawyer [口]律师 3  a part attached as an outlet (出口处的)口

mouth-to-mouth adj. (of resuscitation) in which a person breathes into a subject's lungs through the mouth (人工呼吸)口对口的

mouthwash /ˈmaʊθwɒʃ/ n.  1  a liquid antiseptic etc. for rinsing the mouth or gargling 漱口剂；洗口液(消毒等液体) 2 colloq.  nonsense [口]废话；蠢话

mouth-watering adj.  1 (of food etc.) having a delicious smell or appearance (食物等)美味的；令人垂涎的 2  tempting, alluring 引起兴趣的，诱人的

mouthy /ˈmaʊði/ adj. (mouthier, mouthiest)  1  ranting, railing, bombastic 夸夸其谈的，抱怨的；话多的 2 colloq.  impudent, cheeky [口]傲慢的；厚脸皮的

movable /ˈmu:vəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 moveable) ●adj.  1  that can be moved 可动的；可移动的 2 Law (of property) of the nature of a chattel, as distinct from land or buildings (cf. 参见 HERITABLE 1a) 【法律】(财产)可动的 3 (of a feast or festival) variable in date from year to year (节宴或节日)每年变动的 ●n.  1  an article of furniture that may be removed from a house, as distinct from a fixture 可移动的家具 2 (in pl. 用复数)  personal property 私人财产；动产 □ movability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ movableness  n.  □ movably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as MOVE)]

movable-doh attrib. adj.  applied to a system of sight-singing in which doh is the keynote of any major scale (cf. 参见 FIXED-DOH) 首调唱名法的

movable feast n.  1  a religious feast day that occurs on a different date each year 日期因年而异的(宗教)节日 2  an event which takes place at no regular time 不定期举行的活动

move /mu:v/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  change one's position or posture, or cause to do this (使)改变位置；(使)改变姿势 2 tr. & intr.  put or keep in motion; rouse, stir 开动；移动；鼓动；激起 3  a intr.  make a move in a board game 走棋子b tr.  change the position of (a piece) in a board game 走(棋子) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, away, etc.)  go or pass from place to place 到处活动；走来走去 5 intr.  take action, esp. promptly (尤指迅速)采取行动；采取措施  moved to reduce unemployment  采取措施减少失业 6 intr.  make progress 发展；进展  the project is moving fast  项目进展很快 7 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  change (one's place of residence or work) 搬(家)；换(工作) 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  live or be socially active in (a specified place or group etc.) 社交；(在一定场所及社团等内)进行社交圈内活动  moves in the best circles  在上层社交圈内活动 9 tr.  affect (a person) with (usu. tender or sympathetic) emotion (通常用温柔、同情的)感情打动(某人) 10 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 in)  stimulate (laughter, anger, etc., in a person) 引起(某人笑声、愤怒等)b (foll. by 后跟 to)  provoke (a person to laughter etc.) 促使(某人大笑等) 11 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to, or to + infin.)  prompt or incline (a person to a feeling or action) 打动(某人情感)；驱使(某人作某事) 12 tr. & intr. (cause to) change in attitude or opinion (使)改变态度(或观点)  nothing can move me on this issue  什么也改变不了我在这件事上的立场 13  a tr.  cause (the bowels) to be evacuated 使(大肠)排大便b intr. (of the bowels) be evacuated (大肠)通便 14 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  propose in a meeting, deliberative assembly, etc. (在会议、协商会议等上)提议；动议 15 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  make a formal request or application 提出请求(申请) 16  a intr. (of merchandise) be sold (商品)脱手；卖出b tr.  sell 卖 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of moving 动作；移动 2  a change of house, business premises, etc. (家、买卖经营场所等)搬家；迁移 3  a step taken to secure some action or effect; an initiative 步骤；措施；行动 4  a  the changing of the position of a piece in a board game 走棋b  a player's turn to do this 该走棋的人 □ get a move on  colloq. [口]  1  hurry up 快点；赶紧 2  make a start 开始行动□ make a move   take action 采取行动□ move along (or on)   change to a new position, esp. to avoid crowding, getting in the way, etc. (尤指避免拥挤、挡道等)走开□ move away   go to live in another area 搬走□ move heaven and earth   see 见 HEAVEN □ move in   1  take possession of a new house etc. 搬进(新家等) 2  get into a position of influence, interference, etc. 操纵；干预(插手等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  get into a position of readiness or proximity (for an offensive action etc.) (为发动进攻等)准备就绪□ move in with   start to share accommodation with (an existing resident) 搬来和(已有住户)一起住□ move mountains   see 见 MOUNTAIN □ move out   1  leave one's home; change one's place of residence 迁出；搬走 2  leave a position, job, etc. 离职(辞职等)□ move over (or up)   adjust one's position to make room for another 挪动(为他人腾地方)□ on the move   1  progressing 在行进；在前进 2  moving about 在走动；动个不停 [Middle English via Anglo-French mover, Old French moveir from Latin movēre mot-]

moveable var.  of MOVABLE  MOVABLE 的变体

movement /ˈmu:vm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of moving or being moved 运动；移动；动；走动 2  a  the moving parts of a mechanism (esp. a clock or watch) 传动部件(尤指钟表机件)b  a particular group of these 机械装置 3  a  a body of persons with a common object (具有共同目标的)团体  the peace movement  和平运动b  a campaign undertaken by such a body 运动 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a person's activities and whereabouts, esp. at a particular time (尤指在特殊时间的)活动和行踪 5 Mus.  a principal division of a longer musical work, self-sufficient in terms of key, tempo, structure, etc. 【音】(主音调、速度、结构等可自成一体的)乐章 6  the progressive development of a poem, story, etc. (诗、故事等的)情节；进展 7  motion of the bowels 通便 8  a  an activity in a market for some commodity (市面)活动b  a rise or fall in price (行情)变动 9  a mental impulse 冲动；念头 10  a development of position by a military force or unit 调动；调遣；行军 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin movimentum (as MOVE)]

mover /ˈmu:və/ n.  1  a person or thing that moves 动的人(或东西) 2  a person who moves a proposition 提议人；动议者 3 N. Amer.  a remover of furniture [北美]搬运家具者 4  the author of a fruitful idea (思想的)发起人；鼓动者

movie /ˈmu:vi/ n. colloq. [口]  1 esp. N. Amer.  a motion-picture film [尤北美]电影；影片 2 US  a cinema [美]电影院

movie-goer n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = FILM-GOER  □ movie-going  n.  

movie-maker n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = FILM-MAKER  □ movie-making  n.  

movie theatre n. (also 亦作 movie house) esp. N. Amer.  a cinema [尤北美]电影院

moving /ˈmu:viŋ/ adj.  1  that moves or causes to move 行进的；使活动的 2  affecting with emotion 感动的；动人的 □ movingly  adv. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

moving-coil adj. (of an electrical device) containing a wire coil suspended in a magnetic field, so that the coil either moves in response to a current, or produces a current when it is made to move (电器)动圈式的

moving pavement n. Brit.  a structure like a conveyor belt for pedestrians [英]自动人行道

moving picture n.  a continuous picture of events obtained by projecting a sequence of photographs taken at very short intervals 电影；影片

moving staircase n. Brit.  an escalator [英]自动扶梯

mow1 /məʊ/ v. tr. (past part. mowed or mown)  1  cut down (grass, hay, etc.) with a scythe or machine 刈；割(草、干草等) 2  cut down the produce of (a field) or the grass etc. of (a lawn) by mowing 割(田地)的牧草；割(草坪)的草 □ mow down   kill or destroy randomly or in great numbers 残杀；摧毁；扫平□ mower  n.   [Old English mɑˉwan from Germanic: related to MEAD2]

mow2 /məʊ/ n. N. Amer. or dial. [北美] [方]  1  a stack of hay, corn, etc. 干草堆(谷堆等) 2  a place in a barn where hay etc. is heaped (谷仓里干草等的)堆积处 [Old English mūga]

moxa /ˈmɒksə/ n.  a downy substance from the dried leaves of an Asian plant, Crossostephium artemisioides, burnt on or near the skin in oriental medicine as a counterirritant 艾蒿 [Japanese mogusa from moe kusa ‘burning herb’]

moxibustion /mɒksiˈbʌstʃ(ə)n/ n.  the burning of moxa on or near the skin 灸术，艾灼 [MOXA + COMBUSTION]

moxie /ˈmɒksi/ n. N. Amer. slang  force of character, energy, wit [北美] [俚语]勇气；精力；胆量 [proprietary name of a soft drink]

Mozambique   莫桑比克

Mozambiquean /ˌməuzəmˈbi:kn/ adj. & n.  莫桑比克的(人)

mozzarella /mɒtsəˈrelə/ n.  an Italian curd cheese originally of buffalo milk (意大利)莫泽雷勒干酪 [Italian]

MP abbr. [缩略]  1  Member of Parliament 下院议员 2  a  military police 宪兵队b  military policeman 宪兵

m.p. abbr. [缩略]  melting point 

mp abbr. [缩略]  mezzo piano 

m.p.g. abbr.  miles per gallon [缩略]英里 / 加仑

m.p.h. abbr.  miles per hour [缩略]英里 / 小时

M.Phil. abbr.  Master of Philosophy [缩略]哲学硕士

mpingo /(ə)mˈpiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  an E. African leguminous tree, Dalbergia melanoxylon 东非黑黄檀 2  its dense black wood used for carvings and musical instruments 黑黄檀木雕；黑黄檀木乐器 [Swahili]

MR abbr. [缩略]  Master of the Rolls 

Mr /ˈmistə/ n. (pl. Messrs)  1  the title of a man without a higher or honorific or professional title 先生  Mr Jones  琼斯先生 2  a title prefixed to a designation of office etc. (用在官职等前的)先生  Mr President  总统先生 Mr Speaker  议长先生 [abbreviation of MISTER]

MRA abbr. [缩略]  Moral Rearmament 

MRBM abbr.  medium-range ballistic missile [缩略]中程弹道导弹

MRC abbr. (in the UK) Medical Research Council [缩略] (英国)医学研究理事会

MRCA abbr.  multi-role combat aircraft [缩略]多用途作战飞机

MRCP abbr.  Member of the Royal College of Physicians [缩略] (英国)皇家内科医师学会会员

MRCVS abbr.  Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons [缩略] (英国)皇家兽医医师学会会员

MRI abbr. [缩略]  magnetic resonance imaging 

MRIA abbr.  Member of the Royal Irish Academy [缩略]爱尔兰皇家科学院院士

mRNA abbr. Biol. [缩略]【生】  messenger RNA 

MRPhS abbr.  Member of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society [缩略] (英国)皇家药物学会会员

Mr Right n. joc.  a woman's destined husband [诙]如意郎君

Mrs /ˈmisiz, -s/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Mesdames)  the title of a married woman without a higher or honorific or professional title 夫人；太太  Mrs Jones  琼斯太太 [abbreviation of MISTRESS: cf. MISSIS]

Mrs Grundy  see 见 GRUNDY 

MS abbr. [缩略]  1  manuscript  2  Master of Science 理科硕士 3  Master of Surgery 外科硕士 4 US  Mississippi (in official postal use) [美]密西西比州(正式邮政用语) 5 US  motor ship [美]内燃机船 6  multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化

Ms /miz/ n.  the title of a woman without a higher or honorific or professional title, used regardless of marital status 女士 [combination of MRS, MISS2]

M.Sc. abbr.  Master of Science [缩略]理科硕士

MSC abbr. (in the UK) Manpower Services Commission [缩略] (英国)人力资源委员会

MS-DOS /emesˈdɒs/ abbr. Computing propr.  Microsoft disk operating system [缩略]【计算】[商标]微软磁盘操作系统

MSF abbr. (in the UK) Manufacturing, Science, and Finance (Union) [缩略] (英国)制造、科学、金融联合会

MSG abbr. [缩略]  monosodium glutamate 

Msgr. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  1  Monseigneur  2  Monsignor 

MSS /emˈesiz/ abbr. [缩略]  manuscripts 

MST abbr. [缩略]  Mountain Standard Time 

MT abbr. [缩略]  1  mechanical transport 汽车运输 2 US  Montana (in official postal use) [美]蒙大拿州(正式邮政用语)

Mt. abbr. [缩略]  Mount 

MTB abbr.  motor torpedo boat [缩略]鱼雷快艇

M.Tech. abbr.  Master of Technology [缩略]工艺学硕士

mu /mju:/ n.  1  the twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet (M, μ) 希腊语的第 12 个字母 (M, μ) 2 (μ , as a symbol 作为符号)  = MICRO- 2  [Greek]

much /mʌtʃ/ det., pron. & adv. (more, most) ●det. (used with uncountable nouns 与不可数名词连用)  existing or occurring in a great quantity 多的；大量的  much trouble  很多麻烦 not much rain  雨量不多 too much noise  噪音太大 ●pron.  1  a great quantity 大量；许多  much of that is true  大部分是真实的 2 (usu. in neg. 通常用否定句)  a noteworthy or outstanding example 值得注意的事例；杰出的事例  not much to look at  没什么好看的 not much of a party  只不过是一次聚会 ●adv.  1  a  in a great degree 十分；非常  much to my surprise  我很吃惊 is much the same  非常相似b (modifying a verb or past participle) greatly (修饰动词和过去分词)很  they much regret the mistake  他们对错误很后悔 I was much annoyed  我非常烦恼c  modifying a comparative or superlative adjective (修饰形容词的比较级或最高级)很大程度地；最  much better  好多了 much the most likely  最最可能的 2  for a large part of one's time 好久；相当长的一段时间  is much away from home  离家很远 □ as much   the extent or quantity just specified; the idea just mentioned (程度、数量)同样，一样，也是如此  I thought as much  我也是这么想的 as much as that?  与那个差不多吗？□ a bit much  colloq.  somewhat excessive or immoderate [口]有点过分□ make much of   see 见 MAKE □ much as   even though 虽然；即使  cannot come, much as I would like to  尽管我很愿意但还是不能来□ much less   see 见 LESS □ not much  colloq. [口]  1 iron.  very much [讽]不十分好；不怎么喜欢 2  certainly not 不大可能□ not much in it   little difference between things being compared 无大差别的□ too much  colloq.  an intolerable situation or circumstance [口]太过分；太不像话  that really is too much  那真是太过分了□ too much for   1  more than a match for 应付不了 2  beyond what is endurable by 非…所能忍受□ muchly  adv. joc. [诙]   [Middle English from muchel MICKLE: for loss of el cf. BAD, WENCH]

muchness /ˈmʌtʃnis/ n.  greatness in quantity or degree 很多；许多 □ much of a muchness   very nearly the same or alike 很相像；差不多

much obliged  see 见 OBLIGE 

mucilage /ˈmju:silidʒ/ n.  1  a viscous or gelatinous solution obtained from plant roots, seeds, etc., used in medicines and adhesives (从植物的根茎、种子中获取的)黏液；黏质；黏胶 2 N. Amer.  a solution of gum [北美]胶水 3  a viscous secretion, e.g. mucus 分泌物(如黏液) □ mucilaginous  /-ˈlædʒinəs/ adj.   [Middle English via French from Late Latin mucilago -ginis ‘musty juice’ (MUCUS)]

muck /mʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  farmyard manure 厩肥 2 colloq.  dirt or filth; anything disgusting [口]污秽；污物 3 colloq.  an untidy state; a mess [口]乱七八糟的状态；脏乱 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq.  bungle (a job), spoil, ruin [口]把(工作)搞糟；弄糟；打乱 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  remove muck from 清除；打扫 3  make dirty or untidy 弄脏；弄乱 4  manure with muck 给…上肥；施肥 □ make a muck of  colloq.  bungle [口]把…弄糟□ muck about (or around)  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  potter or fool about 闲荡；混日子 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  fool or interfere with 耍弄；鬼混□ muck in  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) Brit.  share tasks etc. equally [英] (任务等)一起干 [Middle English muk, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse myki ‘dung’, from a Germanic base meaning ‘soft’, whence also MEEK]

mucker /ˈmʌkə/ n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  a friend or companion [英]朋友；伙伴 2 US  a rough or coarse person [美]粗俗的人 3 Brit.  a heavy fall [英]大筋斗；重大的不幸 [probably from muck in: see MUCK]

muckle var.  of MICKLE  MICKLE 的变体

muckrake /ˈmʌkreik/ v. intr.  search out and reveal scandal, esp. among famous people (尤指在名人间)搜集并揭发丑事 □ muckraker  n.  □ muckraking  n.  

muck-spreader n.  a machine for spreading manure on fields 撒粪机 □ muck-spreading  n.  

muck sweat n. Brit. colloq.  a profuse sweat [英口]浑身大汗

mucky /ˈmʌki/ adj. (muckier, muckiest)  1  covered with muck 沾上污物的 2  dirty 肮脏的；污秽的 □ muckiness  n.  

muco- /ˈmju:kəʊ/ comb. form Biochem.  mucus, mucous [构词成分]【生化】黏液，黏液的

mucopolysaccharide /ˌmju:kəʊpɒliˈsækəraid/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of polysaccharides whose molecules contain sugar residues and are often found as components of connective tissue 【生化】黏多糖

mucosa /mju:ˈkəʊsə/ n. (pl. mucosae /-si:/)  a mucous membrane 黏液膜 [modern Latin, fem. of mucosus: see MUCOUS]

mucous /ˈmju:kəs/ adj.  of or covered with mucus 黏液的；涂满黏液的 □ mucosity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n.   [Latin mucosus (as MUCUS)]

mucous membrane n.  an epithelial tissue lining many body cavities and tubular organs and secreting mucus 黏膜

mucro /ˈmju:krəʊ/ n. (pl. mucrones /-ˈkrəʊni:z/ or -os) Bot. & Zool.  a sharp-pointed part or organ 【植】【动】尖；尖部；棘 □ mucronate  /-krənət, -neit/ adj.   [Latin mucro -onis ‘sharp point’]

mucus /ˈmju:kəs/ n.  1  a slimy substance, usu. not miscible with water, secreted by a mucous membrane or gland (黏膜或腺分泌的)黏液(通常不与水溶混) 2  a gummy substance found in plants (植物中的)黏液 [Latin]

mud /mʌd/ n.  1  wet soft earthy matter 泥；泥土；烂泥；泥浆 2  hard ground from the drying of an area of this 干泥地 3  what is worthless or polluting 无价值的东西；污物 □ as clear as mud  colloq.  not at all clear [口]一点也不清楚；使人莫名其妙□ drag through the mud   denigrate publicly 诋毁□ fling (or sling or throw) mud   speak disparagingly or slanderously 毁谤；羞辱□ here's mud in your eye!  colloq.  a drinking toast [口]干杯；祝您健康□ one's name is mud   one is unpopular or in disgrace 声名扫地；声名狼藉 [Middle English mode, mudde, probably from Middle Low German mudde, Middle High German mot ‘bog’]

mudbank /ˈmʌdbæŋk/ n.  a bank of mud on the bed of a river or the bottom of the sea (河床或海底的)泥滩

mudbath /ˈmʌdbɑ:θ/ n.  1  a bath in the mud of mineral springs, esp. to relieve rheumatism etc. 泥浴(尤可缓解风湿病等) 2  a muddy scene or occasion 在泥浆中戏耍(打滚)

mudbrick /ˈmʌdbrik/ n.  a brick made from baked mud (用土烧制的)砖

muddle /ˈmʌd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, together)  bring into disorder 把…弄乱；把…弄糟 2 tr.  bewilder, confuse 使糊涂；使混乱 3 tr.  mismanage (an affair) 把(事情)弄糟 4 tr. US  crush and mix (the ingredients for a drink) [美]调合；搅拌(含各种成分的饮料) 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  busy oneself in a confused and ineffective way 瞎忙 ●n.  1  disorder 混乱状态 2  a muddled condition 糟糕局面 □ make a muddle of   1  bring into disorder 把…弄得一团糟 2  bungle 搞糟，搞坏□ muddle along (or on)   progress in a haphazard way 得过且过；混日子□ muddle through   succeed by perseverance rather than skill or efficiency 混过□ muddle up   confuse (two or more things) 混淆(两种或两种以上的事情)□ muddler  n.  □ muddlingly  adv.   [perhaps from Middle Dutch moddelen, frequentative of modden ‘dabble in mud’ (as MUD)]

muddle-headed adj.  stupid, confused 愚蠢的；头脑糊涂的 □ muddle-headedness  n.  

muddy /ˈmʌdi/ adj. & v. ●adj. (muddier, muddiest)  1  like mud 像泥土的 2  covered in or full of mud 沾满烂泥的；满是泥土的 3 (of liquid) turbid (液体)浑浊的 4  mentally confused 思想糊涂的 5  obscure 模糊的 6 (of light) dull (光)灰暗的；暗淡的 7 (of colour) impure (颜色)不明亮的；混杂的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make muddy 使沾上泥 □ muddily  adv.  □ muddiness  n.  

mudfish /ˈmʌdfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any fish that burrows in mud, esp. the bowfin 泥鱼，浊水鱼(尤指弓鳍鱼)

mudflap /ˈmʌdflæp/ n.  a flap hanging behind the wheel of a vehicle, to catch mud and stones etc. thrown up from the road (汽车上挡住泥土及石子等的)挡泥片

mudflat /ˈmʌdflæt/ n.  a stretch of muddy land left uncovered at low tide 潮泥滩

mudflow /ˈmʌdfləʊ/ n.  1  a fluid or hardened stream or avalanche of mud 泥流 2  the flow or motion of such a stream 泥流流动

mudguard /ˈmʌdɡɑ:d/ n.  a curved strip or cover over a wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle to reduce the amount of mud etc. thrown up from the road (行车时防止泥土溅起的)挡泥板

mudlark /ˈmʌdlɑ:k/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  a person who scavenges in river mud for objects of value 在泥滩捡破烂的人 2  a street urchin 街头流浪儿

mud pack n.  a cosmetic paste applied thickly to the face (化妆用的)泥膏

mud pie n.  mud made into a pie shape by a child (小孩做着玩的)泥饼

mud puppy n. US  a large neotenous aquatic salamander, esp. Necturus maculosus, of the eastern US [美]泥螈，泥狗(尤指美国东部的斑泥螈)

mudskipper /ˈmʌdskipə/ n.  any small goby of the family Periophthalmidae, able to leave the water and scramble over mud etc. (弹涂鱼科)弹涂鱼，跳跳鱼(在泥滩等上可弹跳)

mud-slinger n. colloq.  one given to making abusive or disparaging remarks [口]诽谤者 □ mud-slinging  n.  

mudstone /ˈmʌdstəʊn/ n.  a dark clay rock 泥岩

mud volcano n.  a volcano discharging mud 泥火山

muesli /ˈmu:zli, ˈmju:zli/ n. (pl. -is)  a breakfast food of crushed cereals, dried fruits, nuts, etc., eaten with milk 穆兹利(一种用碾碎的谷物、干果、坚果加牛奶制成的早餐食品) [Swiss German]

muezzin /mu:ˈezin/ n.  a Muslim crier who proclaims the hours of prayer usu. from a minaret 宣礼员(通常从塔顶呼唤穆斯林做礼拜) [Arabic mu'addin, part. of 'addana ‘proclaim’]

muff1 /mʌf/ n.  a fur or other covering, usu. in the form of a tube with an opening at each end for the hands to be inserted for warmth (通常筒状)手笼 [Dutch mof, Middle Dutch moffel, muffel from medieval Latin muff(u)la, of unknown origin]

muff2 /mʌf/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  bungle; deal clumsily with 弄糟；笨拙地处理 2  fail to catch or receive (a ball etc.) 漏接(球等)；失球 3  blunder in (a theatrical part etc.) 演砸(角色等) ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a person who is awkward or stupid, originally in some athletic sport [尤英]笨拙的人，蠢人 2  a failure, esp. to catch a ball at cricket etc. (尤指在板球等中)失球 [19th c.: origin unknown]

muffin /ˈmʌfin/ n.  1 Brit.  a circular spongy cake made from yeast dough and eaten toasted and buttered [英]英式松饼 2 N. Amer.  a small spongy cake made with eggs and baking powder [北美]松饼 [18th c.: origin unknown]

muffin man n. Brit. hist.  a seller of muffins in the street [英史义]卖松饼的小贩

muffle1 /ˈmʌf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  wrap or cover for warmth (为保暖)围住，裹住，包住 2  cover or wrap up (a source of sound) to reduce its loudness 掩住(声源)以减音响 3 (usu. as 通常作 muffled adj.)  stifle (an utterance, e.g. a curse) 抑止出声(如诅咒)的 4  prevent from speaking 消灭(声音) ●n.  1  a receptacle in a furnace where substances may be heated without contact with combustion products 隔焰甑 2  a similar chamber in a kiln for baking painted pottery (隔焰窑的)隔焰室 [Middle English: the noun from Old French moufle ‘thick glove’; the verb perhaps from Old French enmoufler from moufle]

muffle2 /ˈmʌf(ə)l/ n.  the thick part of the upper lip and nose of ruminants and rodents (反刍和噬齿动物的)唇鼻部 [French mufle, of unknown origin]

muffler /ˈmʌflə/ n.  1  a wrap or scarf worn for warmth 围巾；面纱 2  any of various devices used to deaden sound in musical instruments (乐器上的)减音器；消声物 3 N. Amer.  the silencer of a motor vehicle [北美] (汽车的)消音器

mufti1 /ˈmʌfti/ n.  a Muslim legal expert empowered to give rulings on religious matters 伊斯兰教教法说明官 [Arabic muftī, part. of 'aftɑˉ ‘decide a point of law’]

mufti2 /ˈmʌfti/ n.  plain clothes worn by a person who also wears (esp. military) uniform (尤指军人穿的)便服  in mufti  身着便服 [19th c.: perhaps from MUFTI1]

mug1 /mʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a drinking vessel, usu. cylindrical and with a handle and used without a saucer 大杯(通常圆柱形、有把)b  its contents 一大杯的容量 2 slang  the face or mouth of a person [俚语]脸；嘴 3 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a simpleton 傻瓜b  a gullible person 易受骗者 4 US slang  a hoodlum or thug [美] [俚语]流氓；恶棍 ●v. (mugged, mugging)  1 tr.  rob (a person) with violence, esp. in a public place (对人)行凶抢劫(尤在公共场合) 2 tr.  fight; thrash 殴打；痛打 3 tr.  strangle 掐…的脖子 4 intr. slang  make faces, esp. before an audience, a camera, etc. [俚语]作怪相；扮鬼脸(尤指在观众、照相机等前) □ a mug's game  Brit. colloq.  a foolish or unprofitable activity [英口]愚蠢的行为；不赚钱的活动□ mugger  n. (esp. in sense 1 of v. 尤用于动词释义 1)  □ mugful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ mugging  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)   [probably from Scandinavian: sense 2 of n. probably from the representation of faces on mugs, sense 3 probably from sense 2]

mug2 /mʌɡ/ v. tr. (mugged, mugging) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up or up on) Brit. slang  learn (a subject) by concentrated study [英] [俚语]攻读(学科) [19th c.: origin unknown]

mugger1  see 见 MUG1 

mugger2 /ˈmʌɡə/ n.  a broad-nosed Indian crocodile, Crocodylus palustris, venerated by many Hindus 泽鳄；恒河鳄 [Hindi magar]

muggins /ˈmʌɡinz/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or mugginses) Brit. [英]  1 colloq. [口]  a  a simpleton 傻瓜b  a person who is easily outwitted 易受骗的人 often with allusion to oneself 常暗指自己 : so muggins had to pay  所以我这个傻瓜不得不付款了 2  a card game like snap 马金兹牌戏 [perhaps the surname Muggins, with allusion to MUG1]

muggy /ˈmʌɡi/ adj. (muggier, muggiest) (of the weather, a day, etc.) oppressively damp and warm; humid (天气、天等)闷热而潮湿的 □ mugginess  n.   [dialect mug ‘mist, drizzle’ from Old Norse mugga]

Mughal /ˈmu:ɡɑ:l/ n.  1  a Mongolian 蒙古人 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting the Muslim dynasty in India in the 16th － 19th c. (cf. 参见 MOGUL1 2b) (印度)莫卧儿王朝(公元 16 至 19 世纪) [Persian muɡ̇ūl MONGOL]

mugshot /ˈmʌɡʃɒt/ n. slang  a photograph of a face, esp. for official purposes [俚语]脸部照片(尤用于正式场合)

mugwort /ˈmʌɡwɜ:t/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Artemisia, esp. A. vulgaris, with silver-grey aromatic foliage 艾蒿属植物(尤指艾蒿) [Old English mucgwyrt (as MIDGE, WORT)]

mugwump /ˈmʌɡwʌmp/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a great man; a boss 大人物；首脑；大老板 2  a person who holds aloof, esp. from party politics (尤指政党政治中的)超然派，无党派者 [Algonquian mugquomp ‘great chief’]

Muhammadan /mʊˈhæməd(ə)n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Mohammedan) offens. [冒犯]  = MUSLIM  □ Muhammadanism  n.   [Muhammad, Arabian prophet d. 632]■Usage 用法说明 The term Muhammadan is not used or favoured by Muslims, and is often regarded as offensive. 穆斯林信徒不用或不喜欢用 Muhammadan ，常视其为冒犯语。 

mujahedin /ˌmʊdʒɑ:hiˈdi:n/ n. pl. (also 亦作 mujahidin, mujahideen)  guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, esp. supporting Islamic fundamentalism (尤指支持伊斯兰原教旨主义的)游击队队员 [Persian & Arabic mujɑˉhidīn, pl. of mujɑˉhid, a person who fights a JIHAD]

mulatto /mju:ˈlætəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a person of mixed white and black parentage 黑白混血儿 ●adj.  of the colour of the skin of mulattos; tawny 黑白混血儿肤色的；淡褐色的 [Spanish mulato ‘young mule, mulatto’, formed irregularly from mulo MULE1]

mulberry /ˈmʌlb(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 mulberry tree or bush)  any deciduous tree of the genus Morus (family Moraceae), esp. M. alba (white mulberry 白桑), grown originally for feeding silkworms, and M. nigra (black mulberry 黑桑), grown for its fruit (桑科)桑树(尤指白桑(叶可饲蚕)及黑桑，果黑色，可食用) 2  the dark red or white berry of such a tree 桑椹 3  a dark red or purple colour 深紫红色；桑椹色 ●adj.  of this colour 深紫红色 [Middle English mol-, mool-, mulberry, with dissimilation from murberie from Old English mōrberie, from Latin morum: see BERRY]

mulch /mʌl(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a mixture of wet straw, leaves, etc., spread around or over a plant to enrich or insulate the soil 护根的覆盖层(湿稻草、树叶等的混合物) ●v. tr.  treat with mulch 用覆盖料覆盖 [probably mulsh ‘soft’, used as a noun: related to melsh ‘mild’ from Old English melsc]

mulct /mʌlkt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  extract money from by fine or taxation 处以罚金 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  deprive by fraudulent means; swindle 榨取；强取；骗取b  obtain by swindling 用敲竹杠获得 ●n.  a fine 罚金 [earlier mult(e) from Latin multa, mulcta: the verb via French mulcter & Latin mulctare]

mule1 /mju:l/ n.  1  the offspring (usu. sterile) of a male donkey and a female horse, or (in general use) of a female donkey and a male horse (cf. 参见 HINNY1), used as a beast of burden (马驴杂交后所生的)马骡；骡子(通常无生育能力) 2  a stupid or obstinate person 笨蛋；固执的人 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a hybrid and usu. sterile plant or animal 杂交植物(或动物) (通常无生育能力)  mule canary  杂交种金丝雀 4 (in full 全称 spinning mule)  a kind of spinning machine producing yarn on spindles 走锭纺纱机 [Middle English via Old French mul(e) from Latin mulus mula]

mule2 /mju:l/ n.  a light shoe or slipper without a back (无后帮的)拖鞋 [French, = slipper]

mule3 var.  of MEWL  MEWL 的变体

mule deer n.  a long-eared black-tailed deer of western N. America, Odocoileus hemionus (北美西部的)黑尾鹿 [MULE1]

muleteer /mju:liˈtiə/ n.  a mule driver 赶骡人 [French muletier from mulet, diminutive of Old French mul MULE1]

mulga /ˈmʌlɡə/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  a small spreading tree, Acacia aneura 无脉相思树 2  the wood of this tree 无脉相思树木材 3  scrub or bush 无脉相思树丛生地带 4 colloq.  the outback [口]内地，未开发地区 [Kamilaroi (and other Aboriginal languages) malga]

muliebrity /mju:liˈebriti/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  womanhood 女子身份；女子地位 2  the normal characteristics of a woman 女子气质；女子特性 3  softness, effeminacy 娇柔；娇弱 [Late Latin muliebritas from Latin mulier ‘woman’]

mulish /ˈmju:liʃ/ adj.  1  like a mule 似骡的 2  stubborn 固执的；顽固的 □ mulishly  adv.  □ mulishness  n.  

mull1 /mʌl/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  ponder or consider 反复思考 [perhaps from mull ‘grind to powder’, Middle English mul ‘dust’, from Middle Dutch]

mull2 /mʌl/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 mulled adj.)  warm (wine or beer) with added sugar, spices, etc. (加糖、香料等)将(葡萄酒或啤酒)制成热饮料 [17th c.: origin unknown]

mull3 /mʌl/ n. Sc.  a promontory [苏格兰]海岬；海角 [Middle English: cf. Gaelic maol, Icelandic múli]

mull4 /mʌl/ n.  humus formed under non-acid conditions (在无酸条件下的)细腐殖质 [German, from Danish muld]

mull5 /mʌl/ n.  a thin soft plain muslin 细软薄布 [abbreviation of mulmull from Hindi malmal]

mullah /ˈmʌlə, ˈmʊlə/ n.  a Muslim learned in Islamic theology and sacred law 毛拉(对精通伊斯兰神学的人的尊称) [Persian, Turkish, Urdu mullɑˉ from Arabic mawlɑˉ]

mullein /ˈmʌlin/ n.  any herbaceous plant of the genus Verbascum, with woolly leaves and yellow flowers 毛蕊花属植物；毛蕊花 [Middle English via Old French moleine from Gaulish]

muller /ˈmʌlə/ n.  a stone or other heavy weight used for grinding material on a slab 研杵 [Middle English, perhaps from Anglo-French moldre ‘grind’]

mullet /ˈmʌlit/ n.  a fish of the family Mullidae (see 见 RED MULLET) or (esp. US) the family Mugilidae (see 见 GREY MULLET) (羊鱼科)鲱鲤；羊鱼；[尤美] (鲻科的)鲻 [Middle English via Old French mulet, diminutive of Latin mullus ‘red mullet’, from Greek mollos]

mulligatawny /ˌmʌliɡəˈtɔ:ni/ n.  a highly seasoned soup originally from India (源自印度的)咖喱鸡汤；咖喱肉汤 [Tamil milagutannir ‘pepper-water’]

mullion /ˈmʌljən/ n. (also 亦作 munnion /ˈmʌn-/)  a vertical bar dividing the lights in a window (cf. 参见 TRANSOM 1) 窗扇间的竖框 □ mullioned  adj.   [probably an altered form of MONIAL]

mullock /ˈmʌlək/ n.  1 Austral. or dial.  refuse, rubbish [澳] [方]垃圾；废料 2 Austral. [澳]  a  rock containing no gold 金矿废石b  refuse from which gold has been extracted 金矿山废石堆 3 Austral.  ridicule [澳]嘲笑 [Middle English diminutive of mul ‘dust, rubbish’, from Middle Dutch]

mulloway /ˈmʌləwei/ n.  a large Australian marine fish, Argyrosomos hololepidotus, used as food 石首鱼 [Aboriginal (S. Australia) malowe]

multangular /mʌlˈtæŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  having many angles 多角的；多角形的 [medieval Latin multangularis (as MULTI-, ANGULAR)]

multi- /ˈmʌlti/ comb. form  many; more than one [构词成分]多的；多倍的；多方面的 [Latin from multus ‘much, many’]

multi-access /mʌltiˈækses/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the simultaneous connection to a computer of a number of terminals 多路存取的；多处访问的

multiaxial /mʌltiˈæksiəl/ adj.  of or involving several axes 多轴的；含多个轴的

multicellular /mʌltiˈseljʊlə/ adj. Biol.  having many cells 【生】多细胞的

multichannel /mʌltiˈtʃæn(ə)l/ adj.  employing or possessing many communication or television channels 多信道的；多频道的；多路的

multicolour /ˈmʌltikʌlə/ adj. (also 亦作 multicoloured) (US [美] -color, -colored)  of many colours 多色的

multicultural /mʌltiˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to or constituting several cultural or ethnic groups within a society (有关)多元文化的；构成多元文化的 □ multiculturalism  n.  □ multiculturalist  n. & adj.  □ multiculturally  adv.  

multidimensional /ˌmʌltidiˈmenʃ(ə)n(ə)l, -dai-/ adj.  of or involving more than three dimensions (包含)多维的 □ multidimensionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ multidimensionally  adv.  

multidirectional /ˌmʌltidiˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, -dai-/ adj.  of, involving, or operating in several directions (包含)多方面的；多方面运作的

multi-ethnic adj.  composed of or involving several ethnic groups 多种族组成的；涉及不同种族的；包含多种族的

multifaceted /mʌltiˈfæsitid/ adj.  having several facets 多面的；多才多艺的

multifarious /mʌltiˈfɛəriəs/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 pl. noun)  many and various 形形色色的；五花八门的 2  having great variety 多种类的 □ multifariously  adv.  □ multifariousness  n.   [Latin multifarius]

multifid /ˈmʌltifid/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  divided into many parts 【植】【动】多裂的 [Latin multifidus (as MULTI-, fid- stem of findere ‘cleave’)]

multifoil /ˈmʌltifɔil/ n. Archit.  an ornament consisting of more than five foils 【建】多叶饰(至少 5 叶)；繁叶饰

multiform /ˈmʌltifɔ:m/ adj.  1  having many forms 多形的 2  of many kinds 多种的 □ multiformity  /-ˈfɔ:miti/ n.  

multifunctional /mʌltiˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 multifunction /mʌlti-/)  having or fulfilling several functions 多功能的；起多功能作用的

multigrade /ˈmʌltiɡreid/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  an engine oil etc. meeting the requirements of several standard grades (机器润滑油等)多级通用的

multihull /ˈmʌltihʌl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having more than one hull 多船体船的 ●n.  a multihull boat 多船体船

multilateral /mʌltiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  a (of an agreement, treaty, conference, etc.) in which three or more parties participate (协议、条约、会议等 3 方或 3 方以上参加)多边的b  performed by more than one party 多方的  multilateral disarmament  多方裁军 2  having many sides 多边的 □ multilateralism  n.  □ multilateralist  n. & adj.  □ multilaterally  adv.  

multilingual /mʌltiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  in or using several languages (使用)多种语言的 □ multilingualism  n.  □ multilingually  adv.  

multimedia /ˈmʌltimi:diə/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of art, education, etc.) using more than one medium of expression, communication, etc. (艺术、教育等)多媒体的(使用不止一个供表达、传播的媒体) ●n.  an extension of hypertext allowing the provision of audio and video material cross-referenced to a computer text Also called 亦称作 hypermedia 多媒体 also 亦作 attrib.: multimedia applications  多媒体应用

multimillion /ˈmʌltimiljən/ attrib. adj.  costing or involving several million (pounds, dollars, etc.) (英镑、美元等)数百万的  multimillion dollar fraud  数百万元的骗局

multimillionaire /ˌmʌltimiljəˈnɛə/ n.  a person with a fortune of several millions 千万富翁，拥有数百万财产的人

multinational /mʌltiˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a business organization) operating in several countries (商业组织)多国经营的 2  relating to or including several nationalities or ethnic groups 有关(包括)多民族的；有关(包括)多种族的 ●n.  a multinational company 跨国公司 □ multinationally  adv.  

multinomial /mʌltiˈnəʊmiəl/ adj. & n. Math. 【数】  = POLYNOMIAL  [MULTI-, on the pattern of binomial]

multiparous /mʌlˈtip(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  bringing forth many young at a birth 一产多崽的 2  having borne more than one child 产多胎的

multipartite /mʌltiˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  divided into many parts 分成多部分的

multi-party /ˈmʌltiˌpɑ:ti/ attrib. adj.  of or involving several esp. political parties (包括)多党派的(尤指政党)

multiphase /ˈmʌltifeiz/ adj. Electr. 【电】  = POLYPHASE 

multiple /ˈmʌltip(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having several or many parts, elements, or individual components 多个部分(因素、个体)组成的 2 (foll. by 后跟 pl. noun)  many and various 许多的；多种多样的 ●n.  1  a number that may be divided by another a certain number of times without a remainder 倍数  56 is a multiple of 7  56 是 7 的倍数 2  a multiple shop or store 连锁店；联号商店 □ multiply  adv.   [French via Late Latin multiplus from Latin (as MULTIPLEX)]

multiple-choice adj. (of a question in an examination) accompanied by several possible answers from which the correct one has to be chosen (考试问题的)多项选择的

multiple fruit n. Bot.  a fruit formed from carpels derived from several flowers (e.g. pineapple) 【植】繁花果，复果(如菠萝)

multiple personality n. Psychol.  two or more distinct personalities apparently existing in one individual 【心】多重人格

multiple sclerosis  see 见 SCLEROSIS 2 

multiple shop n. (also 亦作 multiple store) Brit.  a shop or store with branches in several places [英]连锁店；联号商店

multiple standard n.  a standard of value obtained by averaging the prices of a number of products 物价指数计算标准

multiple star n.  several stars so close as to seem one, esp. when forming a connected system (尤指当组成相连体系时的)多重星，聚星

multiplex /ˈmʌltipleks/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  manifold; of many elements 多方面的；多种多样的 2  involving simultaneous transmission of several messages along a single channel of communication 多路传输的 3  of or relating to a single-site complex of two or more cinemas (有关)多剧场影剧院的 ●n.  1  a multiplex system or signal 多路传输系统(或信号) 2  a multiplex cinema 多剧场影剧院 ●v. tr.  incorporate into a multiplex signal or system 多路传输 □ multiplexer  n. (also 亦作 multiplexor)  □ multiplexing  n.   [Latin (as MULTI-, -plex -plicis ‘-fold’)]

multipliable /ˈmʌltiplaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be multiplied 可倍增的；可增值的

multiplicable /ˈmʌltiplikəb(ə)l/ adj.  = MULTIPLIABLE  [Old French multiplicable or medieval Latin multiplicabilis from Latin (as MULTIPLY)]

multiplicand /ˌmʌltipliˈkænd, ˈmʌltiplikænd/ n.  a quantity to be multiplied by a multiplier 被乘数 [medieval Latin multiplicandus, gerundive of Latin multiplicare (as MULTIPLY)]

multiplication /ˌmʌltipliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the arithmetical process of multiplying 乘法 2  the act or an instance of multiplying 相乘；乘法运算 □ multiplicative  /-ˈplikətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French multiplication or Latin multiplicatio (as MULTIPLY)]

multiplication sign n.  the sign (×) to indicate that one quantity is to be multiplied by another, as in 2 × 3 = 6 乘号(×)

multiplication table n.  a list of multiples of a particular number, usu. from 1 to 12 乘法表(通常从 1 至 12)

multiplicity /mʌltiˈplisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  manifold variety 多种多样 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a great number 许多 [Late Latin multiplicitas (as MULTIPLEX)]

multiplier /ˈmʌltiplaiə/ n.  1  a quantity by which a given number is multiplied 乘数 2 Econ.  a factor by which an increment of income exceeds the resulting increment of saving or investment 【经】收益增值率；倍数(收入增额超过受其影响的储备或投资增额的系数) 3 Electr.  an instrument for increasing by repetition the intensity of a current, force, etc. 【电】(电流、功率等)倍增器；扩(量)程器

multiply /ˈmʌltiplai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  obtain from (a number) another that is a specified number of times its value 乘；使(数)相乘  multiply 6 by 4 and you get 24  6 乘以 4 等于 24 2 intr.  increase in number esp. by procreation 繁殖(尤指通过生育、生产) 3 tr.  produce a large number of (instances etc.) 增加(事例等) 4 tr.  a  breed (animals) 使(动物)生产；下崽；繁殖b  propagate (plants) 使(植物)繁殖 [Middle English via Old French multiplier from Latin multiplicare (as MULTIPLEX)]

multipolar /mʌltiˈpəʊlə/ adj.  having many poles (see 见 POLE2) 多极的

multiprocessing /mʌltiˈprəʊsesiŋ/ n. Computing  processing by a number of processors sharing a common memory and common peripherals 【计算】多重处理

multiprocessor /mʌltiˈprəʊsesə/ n.  a computer capable of performing multiprocessing 多重处理器

multiprogramming /mʌltiˈprəʊɡræmiŋ/ n. Computing  the execution of two or more independent programs concurrently 【计算】多重程序运行；多道程序设计

multi-purpose /mʌltiˈpɜ:pəs/ adj.  having several purposes 多用途的；通用的

multiracial /mʌltiˈreiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  relating to or made up of many human races (有关)多人种(种族、民族)的 □ multiracially  adv.  

multi-role /mʌltiˈrəʊl/ adj.  having several roles or functions 多作用的；多功能的

multi-stage /ˈmʌltisteidʒ/ attrib. adj. (of a rocket etc.) having several stages of operation (火箭等)多级的

multi-storey /mʌltiˈstɔ:ri/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a building) having several (esp. similarly designed) storeys (建筑物)多层的(尤指设计结构相同) ●n. colloq.  a multi-storey car park [口]多层停车场

multitasking /mʌltiˈtɑ:skiŋ/ n. Computing  the execution of a number of tasks at the same time 【计算】多道操作；多重任务处理 □ multitask  v. tr. & intr.  

multi-track adj., n. & v. ●attrib. adj.  relating to or made by the mixing of separately recorded soundtracks (有关)多声道(音轨)的 ●n.  a multi-track recording 多声道(音轨)录音唱片 ●v. tr. & intr.  record using multi-track recording 作多声道录音；多声道录制 □ multi-tracked  adj.  □ multi-tracking  n.  

multitude /ˈmʌltitju:d/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a great number 许多 2  a large gathering of people; a crowd 众多的人，人群 3 (作 the multitude)  the common people 民众；大众 4  the state of being numerous 众多状态 [Middle English via Old French from Latin multitudo -dinis, from multus ‘many’]

multitudinous /mʌltiˈtju:dinəs/ adj.  1  very numerous 极多的；无数的 2  consisting of many individuals or elements 有许多部分(因素)组成的 3 (of an ocean etc.) vast (海洋等)辽阔的；浩瀚的 □ multitudinously  adv.  □ multitudinousness  n.   [Latin (as MULTITUDE)]

multi-user /mʌltiˈju:zə/ attrib. adj. (of a computer system) having a number of simultaneous users (cf. 参见 MULTI-ACCESS) (计算机系统)有多人使用的

multivalent /mʌltiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  1  having a valency of more than two 【化】多价的 2  having a variable valency 多种价值的；多义的 □ multivalency  n.  

multivalve /ˈmʌltivælv/ attrib. adj. (of a shell etc.) having several valves (贝壳等)多瓣的

multivariate /mʌltiˈvɛəriət/ adj. Statistics  involving two or more variable quantities 【统计学】多变量的；多元的

multiversity /mʌltiˈvɜ:siti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a large university with many different departments (大型)综合性大学；多学科大学 [MULTI- + UNIVERSITY]

multivocal /mʌlˈtivək(ə)l/ adj.  having many meanings 多义的

multi-way /ˈmʌltiwei/ attrib. adj.  having several paths of communication etc. (道路、通信等)多路径的

mum1 /mʌm/ n. Brit. colloq.  mother [英口]妈妈 [abbreviation of MUMMY1]

mum2 /mʌm/ adj. colloq.  silent [口]无言的；沉默的  keep mum  保持沉默，严守秘密 □ mum's the word   say nothing 别声张；别讲出去 [Middle English: imitative of closed lips]

mum3 /mʌm/ v. intr. (mummed, mumming)  act in a traditional masked mime 化装演出哑剧 [cf. MUM2 and Middle Low German mummen]

mumble /ˈmʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  speak or utter indistinctly 含糊地说话 2 tr.  bite or chew with or as with toothless gums (似)用无牙之龈咬嚼 ●n.  an indistinct utterance 含糊的话 □ mumbler  n.  □ mumblingly  adv.   [Middle English momele, as MUM2: cf. Low German mummelen]

mumbo-jumbo /mʌmbəʊˈdʒʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -jumbos)  1  meaningless or ignorant ritual 繁文缛节 2  language or action intended to mystify or confuse 迷惑人的语言(或行为) 3  an object of senseless veneration 盲目崇拜的对象 [Mumbo Jumbo, a supposed African idol]

mu-meson n.  = MUON 

mummer /ˈmʌmə/ n.  1  an actor in a traditional masked mime or folk play 哑剧演员；化装表演者 2 archaic or derog.  an actor in the theatre [古义] [贬]演员 [Middle English from Old French momeur, from momer MUM3]

mummery /ˈmʌm(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ridiculous (esp. religious) ceremonial 愚蠢而无意义的仪式(尤指宗教仪式) 2  a performance by mummers 哑剧演员的表演 [Old French momerie (as MUMMER)]

mummify /ˈmʌmifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  embalm and preserve (a body) in the form of a mummy (see 见 MUMMY2) 将(人体)制成木乃伊 2 (usu. as 通常作 mummified adj.)  shrivel or dry up (tissues etc.) (组织等)干瘪的；皱缩的 □ mummification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

mummy1 /ˈmʌmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  mother [英口]妈妈；母亲 [imitative of a child's pronunciation: cf. MAMMA1]

mummy2 /ˈmʌmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of a human being or animal embalmed for burial, esp. in ancient Egypt (尤指在古埃及，人体或动物的)木乃伊 2  a dried-up body 干尸 3 Brit.  a pulpy mass [英]软糊糊的一团  beat it to a mummy  将其捣成糊状 4  a rich brown pigment 褐色颜料 [French momie via medieval Latin mumia and Arabic mūmiyɑˉ from Persian mūm ‘wax’]

mumps /mʌmps/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a contagious and infectious viral disease with swelling of the parotid salivary glands in the face, and a risk of sterility in adult males 流行性腮腺炎 2 Brit.  a fit of sulks [英]愠怒 □ mumpish  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [archaic mump ‘be sullen’]

mumsy /ˈmʌmzi/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  maternal; homely; unfashionable 母亲的；母性的；母系的；平常的；不时髦的；过时的 ●n.  = MUMMY1  [jocular variant of MUMMY1]

munch /mʌn(t)ʃ/ v. tr.  eat steadily with a marked action of the jaws 用力咀嚼 [Middle English, imitative: cf. CRUNCH]

Munchausen's syndrome /ˈmʌn(t)ʃaʊz(ə)nz/ n. Med.  a mental illness in which a person repeatedly feigns severe illness so as to obtain hospital treatment 【医】明肖森综合征(常装出患病的精神病) □ Munchausen by proxy (in full 全称 Munchausen's syndrome by proxy)   a mental condition in which a person seeks attention by inducing illness in another person, esp. a child 由他人代替的明肖森综合征(引发他人(尤指小孩)患病的精神病态) [Baron Munchausen, hero of a book of fantastic tales (1785) by R.E. Raspe]

mundane /ˈmʌndein, mʌnˈdein/ adj.  1  dull, routine 单调的；平凡的；例行的 2  of this world; worldly 尘世的；世俗的 □ mundanely  adv.  □ mundaneness  n.  □ mundanity  /-ˈdæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old French mondain and Late Latin mundanus from Latin mundus ‘world’]

mung /mʌŋ, mu:ŋ/ n. (in full 全称 mung bean)  a leguminous plant of the genus Vigna, native to India and yielding a small bean used as food 绿豆 [Hindi mūng]

mungo /ˈmʌŋɡəʊ/ n.  the short fibres recovered from heavily felted material 短弹毛 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Munich /ˈmju:nik/ n.  慕尼黑 [德国城市]

municipal /mjʊˈnisip(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning a municipality or its self-government (有关)市政的；市政府的 □ municipalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ municipalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ municipally  adv.   [Latin municipalis (from municipium ‘free city’ via municeps -cipis ‘citizen with privileges’ from munia ‘civic offices’) + capere ‘take’]

municipality /mjʊˌnisiˈpæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a town or district having local government 自治市；自治区 2  the governing body of this area 市政府；市政当局 [French municipalité from municipal (as MUNICIPAL)]

munificent /mjʊˈnifis(ə)nt/ adj. (of a giver or a gift) splendidly generous, bountiful (给予者或给的礼物)慷慨的；丰厚的 □ munificence  n.  □ munificently  adv.   [Latin munificent-, variant stem of munificus, from munus ‘gift’]

muniment /ˈmju:nim(ə)nt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a document kept as evidence of rights or privileges etc. (证明权利或特权等的)契据 2  an archive 档案 [Middle English via Old French from Latin munimentum ‘defence’, in medieval Latin ‘title deed’ from munire munit- ‘fortify’]

munition /mjʊˈniʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  military weapons, ammunition, equipment, and stores 军火；军需品 ●v. tr.  supply with munitions 给…提供军火；给…提供军需品 [French from Latin munitio -onis ‘fortification’ (as MUNIMENT)]

munitioner /mju:ˈniʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a person who makes or supplies munitions 军火制造人(供应商)

munnion var.  of MULLION  MULLION 的变体

munshi var.  of MOONSHEE  MOONSHEE 的变体

munt /mʊnt/ n. S. Afr. slang offens.  a black African [南非] [俚语] [冒犯]非洲黑人 [Bantu umuntu ‘person’]

muntjac /ˈmʌntdʒæk/ n. (also 亦作 muntjak)  any small deer of the genus Muntiacus native to SE Asia, the male having tusks and small antlers (东南亚)麂 [local name in western Java]

Muntz metal /mʌnts/ n.  an alloy (60% copper, 40% zinc) used for sheathing ships etc. 蒙知(铜锌)合金；蒙知黄铜 [named after G. F. Muntz, English manufacturer d. 1857]

muon /ˈmju:ɒn/ n. Physics  an unstable subatomic particle like an electron, but with a much greater mass 【物理学】介子(μ) [μ (see MU), as the symbol for it]

murage /ˈmjʊəridʒ/ n. Brit. hist.  a tax levied for building or repairing the walls of a town [英史义]城墙税 [Middle English from Old French (in medieval Latin muragium) from Old French mur, from Latin murus ‘wall’]

mural /ˈmjʊər(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a painting executed directly on a wall 壁画 ●adj.  1  of or like a wall (似)墙的 2  on a wall 在墙上的 □ muralist  n.   [French from Latin muralis, from murus ‘wall’]

mural crown n. Rom. Antiq.  a crown or garland given to the soldier who was first to scale the wall of a besieged town [古罗马]城墙冠

murder /ˈmɜ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by another (cf. 参见 MANSLAUGHTER) 谋杀；凶杀 2 colloq.  an unpleasant, troublesome, or dangerous state of affairs [口]厌烦的事；困难的经历；危险的事态  it was murder here on Saturday  星期天在这里真是活受罪 ●v. tr.  1  kill (a human being) unlawfully, esp. wickedly or inhumanly (尤指惨无人道地)杀害(人)；杀死(人) 2 Law  kill (a human being) unlawfully with a premeditated motive 【法律】谋杀(人) 3 colloq. [口]  a  utterly defeat 彻底击败b  spoil by a bad performance, mispronunciation, etc. (因蹩脚的表演、发音错误等而)弄糟；破坏  murdered the soliloquy in the second act  把第 2 幕的独白演砸了 □ cry (or scream) blue (N. Amer. [北美] bloody) murder  slang  make an extravagant outcry [俚语]没命似地叫喊□ get away with murder  colloq.  do whatever one wishes and escape punishment [口]做了坏事而逃脱惩罚(或未被发觉)；逍遥法外□ murder will out   murder cannot remain undetected 杀人早晚要败露；事情终会真相大白□ murderer  n.  □ murderess  n.   [Old English morthor & Old French murdre, from Germanic]

murderous /ˈmɜ:d(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of a person, weapon, action, etc.) capable of, intending, or involving murder or great harm (人、武器、行为等)杀人的；行凶的；残忍的；蓄意谋杀的 2 colloq.  extremely arduous or unpleasant [口]非常艰巨的；非常难受的 □ murderously  adv.  □ murderousness  n.  

mure /mjʊə/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  immure 监禁 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  wall up or shut up in an enclosed space 禁闭 [Middle English from Old French murer, from mur: see MURAGE]

murex /ˈmjʊəreks/ n. (pl. murices /-risi:z/ or murexes)  any gastropod mollusc of the genus Murex, yielding a purple dye (腹足纲软体动物)骨螺 [Latin]

muriatic acid /mjʊəriˈætik/ n.  = HYDROCHLORIC ACID  □ muriate  /ˈmjʊəriət, -ieit/ n.   [Latin muriaticus from muria ‘brine’]■Usage 用法说明 The term muriatic acid is regarded as archaic in technical use. 在术语中， muriatic acid 被视为旧用法。 

Muriel /ˈmjuəriəl/   缪里尔 [人名]

murine /ˈmjʊərain, -rin/ adj.  of or like a mouse or mice (似)鼠的 [Latin murinus from mus muris ‘mouse’]

murk /mɜ:k/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 mirk) ●n.  1  darkness, poor visibility 黑暗；昏暗 2  air obscured by fog etc. 烟雾(雾等) ●adj. archaic [古义] (of night, day, place, etc. 夜、白天、地方等)  = MURKY  [probably from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse myrkr]

murky /ˈmɜ:ki/ adj. (also 亦作 mirky) (-ier, -iest)  1  dark, gloomy 黑暗的；昏暗的 2 (of darkness, liquid, etc.) thick, dirty (黑夜、液体等)漆黑的；肮脏的；蒙上尘垢的 3  suspiciously obscure 晦涩的；难懂的  murky past  不清白的历史 □ murkily  adv.  □ murkiness  n.  

Murmansk /muəˈmɑ:nsk/ n.  摩尔曼斯克 [俄罗斯港市]

murmur /ˈmɜ:mə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a subdued continuous sound, as made by waves, a brook, etc. (波浪、溪流等的)细声 2  a softly spoken or nearly inarticulate utterance 细声细语；咕哝 3 Med.  a recurring sound heard in the auscultation of the heart and usu. indicating abnormality 【医】(心区的)杂音(通常表示心脏不正常) 4  a subdued expression of discontent 小声发牢骚；诉怨 ●v.  1 intr.  make a subdued continuous sound 持续发出轻声 2 tr.  utter (words) in a low voice 小声说(话) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, against)  complain in low tones, grumble 咕哝；小声抱怨 □ murmurer  n.  □ murmuringly  adv.  □ murmurous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French murmurer from Latin murmurare: related to Greek mormurō (of water) ‘roar’, Sanskrit marmaras ‘noisy’]

murphy /ˈmɜ:fi/ n. (pl. -ies) slang  a potato [俚语]土豆 [Irish surname]

Murphy's Law /ˈmɜ:fiz/ n. joc.  the maxim that anything that can go wrong will go wrong [诙]墨菲法则(认为凡有可能出差错的事终将出差错)

murrain /ˈmʌrin/ n.  1  an infectious disease of cattle, carried by parasites (牛)传染病；牛疫 2 archaic  a plague, esp. the potato blight during the Irish famine in the mid-19th c. [古义]瘟疫(尤指马铃薯瘟疫病) [Middle English via Anglo-French moryn, Old French morine, from morir, from Latin mori ‘die’]

Murray /ˈmʌri/   默里 [人名]

murre /mɜ:/ n. esp. N. Amer.  an auk or guillemot [尤北美]普通海鸦；厚嘴海鸦 [16th c.: origin unknown]

murrelet /ˈmɜ:lit/ n.  any of several small auks of the N. Pacific, of the genera Brachyramphus and Synthliboramphus (太平洋北部)小海雀；扁嘴海雀

murrey /ˈmʌri/ n. & adj. archaic [古义] ●n.  the colour of a mulberry; a deep red or purple 桑葚色；黑紫色 ●adj.  of this colour 桑葚色的；黑紫色的 [Middle English via Old French moré from medieval Latin moratus, from morum ‘mulberry’]

murther /ˈmɜ:ðə/ archaic var.  of MURDER [古义] MURDER 的变体

Mus.B. abbr. (also 亦作 Mus. Bac.)  Bachelor of Music [缩略]音乐学士 [Latin Musicae Baccalaureus]

muscadel var.  of MUSCATEL  MUSCATEL 的变体

Muscadet /ˈmʌskədei, ˈmʊsk-/ n.  1  a white wine from the Loire region of France (法国卢互尔地区产的)麝香干白葡萄酒 2  a variety of grape from which the wine is made 圆叶葡萄 [French from muscade ‘nutmeg’ from musc MUSK + -ET1]

muscadine /ˈmʌskədin, -ain/ n.  a variety of grape with a musk flavour, used chiefly in wine-making 麝香味的葡萄 [probably alteration of MUSCATEL]

muscarine /ˈmʌskəri:n, -in/ n.  a poisonous alkaloid from the fungus Amanita muscaria (毒蝇鹅膏菌所含的)毒蕈碱 [Latin muscarius from musca ‘fly’]

muscat /ˈmʌskæt/ n.  1  a sweet fortified white wine made from muscadines 麝香干白葡萄酒 2  a muscadine 麝香味的葡萄 [French from Provençal muscat muscade (adj.), from musc MUSK]

muscatel /mʌskəˈtel/ n. (also 亦作 muscadel /-ˈdel/)  1  = MUSCAT  2  a raisin from a muscadine grape 麝香葡萄干 [Middle English via Old French from Provençal diminutive of muscat: see MUSCAT]

muscle /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fibrous tissue with the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of an animal body 肌肉(组织) 2  the part of an animal body that is composed of muscles (动物的)肌肉部分 3  physical power or strength 力量；体力 ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in) colloq.  force oneself on others; intrude by forceful means [口]用力挤他人；强使；侵入 □ not move a muscle   be completely motionless 一动不动□ muscled  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  □ muscleless  adj.  □ muscly  adj.   [French from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus ‘mouse’, from the fancied mouselike form of some muscles]

muscle-bound adj.  with muscles stiff and inelastic through excessive exercise or training 肌肉僵硬的

muscle-man n.  a man with highly developed muscles, esp. one employed as an intimidator 肌肉发达的人(尤被雇佣来作为恐吓者)

muscology /mʌˈskɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of mosses 苔藓植物学 □ muscologist  n.   [modern Latin muscologia from Latin muscus ‘moss’]

muscovado /mʌskəˈvɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an unrefined sugar made from the juice of sugar cane by evaporation and draining off the molasses 混糖 [Spanish mascabado (azucar) ‘(sugar) of the lowest quality’]

Muscovite /ˈmʌskəvait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or citizen of Moscow 莫斯科人；莫斯科居民 2 archaic  a Russian [古义]俄罗斯人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Moscow (有关)莫斯科的 2 archaic  of or relating to Russia [古义] (有关)俄罗斯的；(有关)莫斯科大公国的 [modern Latin Muscovita from Muscovia, = MUSCOVY]

muscovite /ˈmʌskəvait/ n.  a silver-grey form of mica with a sheetlike crystalline structure that is used in the manufacture of electrical equipment etc. 白云母(用于电气设备) [obsolete Muscovy glass (in the same sense) + -ITE1]

Muscovy /ˈmʌskəvi/ n. archaic  Russia [古义]俄罗斯帝国；莫斯科大公国 [obsolete French Muscovie via modern Latin Moscovia from Russian Moskva ‘Moscow’]

Muscovy duck n.  a tropical American duck, Cairina moschata, having a small crest and red markings on its head (美洲)疣鼻栖鸭

muscular /ˈmʌskjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or affecting the muscles (影响)肌肉的 2  having well-developed muscles 肌肉发达的 3  robust 强壮的；强有力的；刚毅的 □ muscularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ muscularly  adv.   [earlier musculous (as MUSCLE)]

muscular Christianity n.  a Christian life of cheerful physical activity as described in the writings of Charles Kingsley d. 1975 强身派基督教

muscular dystrophy n.  a hereditary progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles 肌肉营养不良

muscular rheumatism n.  = MYALGIA 

muscular stomach n.  any organ that grinds or squeezes to aid digestion, such as a gizzard (鸟的)肌胃

musculature /ˈmʌskjʊlətʃə/ n.  the muscular system of a body or organ 肌肉系统 [French from Latin (as MUSCLE)]

musculoskeletal /ˌmʌskjʊləʊˈskelit(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the musculature and skeleton together 肌骨骼的

Mus.D. abbr. (also 亦作 Mus. Doc.)  Doctor of Music [缩略]音乐博士 [Latin Musicae Doctor]

muse1 /mju:z/ n.  1  a (作 Muse) (in Greek and Roman mythology) each of nine goddesses, the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who inspire poetry, music, drama, etc. (希腊、罗马神话中的)缪斯(其给予诗歌、音乐、戏剧等灵感)b  a source of inspiration for creativity 创作灵感的源泉 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a  a poet's inspiring goddess (给诗人灵感的)女神b  a poet's genius 诗人的天赋；诗才 [Middle English via Old French muse or Latin musa from Greek mousa]

muse2 /mju:z/ v. & n. ●v. literary [文学用语]  1 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  ponder, reflect 沉思；默想；冥想b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  gaze meditatively (on a scene etc.) 若有所思地凝望(景色等) 2 tr.  say meditatively 若有所思地说 ●n. archaic  a fit of abstraction [古义]沉思；默想；冥想 □ musingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French muser ‘to waste time’ from Romanic, perhaps from medieval Latin musum ‘muzzle’]

museology /mju:ziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the science or practice of organizing and managing museums 博物馆学

musette /mju:ˈzet/ n.  1  a  a kind of small bagpipe with bellows, common in the French court in the 17th － 18th c. 缪赛特风笛b  a tune imitating the sound of this 仿缪赛特风笛曲 2  a small oboe-like double-reed instrument in 19th-c. France (流行于 19 世纪法国的)小双簧管 3  a popular dance in the courts of Louis XIV and XV 缪赛特舞 4 US  a small knapsack [美]小行囊 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of muse ‘bagpipe’]

museum /mju:ˈziəm/ n.  a building used for storing and exhibiting objects of historical, scientific, or cultural interest 博物馆 [Latin from Greek mouseion ‘seat of the Muses’: see MUSE1]

museum piece n.  1  a specimen of art etc. fit for a museum 收藏在博物馆里的艺术品；珍品(珍贵文物等) 2 Brit. derog.  an old-fashioned or quaint person or object [英贬]老古董；过时的人(或物)

mush1 /mʌʃ/ n.  1  soft pulp 软块；烂糊状东西 2  feeble sentimentality 脆弱的情感；痴情；伤感 3 N. Amer.  maize porridge [北美]玉米粥 [apparently a variant of MASH]

mush2 /mʌʃ/ v. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●v. intr.  1 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  used as a command to dogs pulling a sledge to urge them forward (赶狗吆喝声)快走！ 2  go on a journey across snow with a dog sled 在雪地上驾着狗旅行 ●n.  a journey across snow with a dog sled 驾狗拉雪橇的旅行 [probably a corruption from French marchons, imperative of marcher ‘advance’]

mushroom /ˈmʌʃru:m, -rʊm/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  the usu. edible spore-producing body of various fungi, esp. Agaricus campestris, with a stem and domed cap, proverbial for its rapid growth 蘑菇(尤指田野伞菌) 2  the pale pinkish-brown colour of this 浅褐色；棕灰色 3  any item resembling a mushroom in shape 蘑菇形物  darning mushroom  针织蘑菇形女式扁帽 4 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  something that appears or develops suddenly or is ephemeral; an upstart (如蘑菇般)迅速发展的事物；暴发户 ●v. intr.  1  appear or develop rapidly 迅速发展；如雨后春笋般涌现 2  expand and flatten like a mushroom cap 迅速蔓延；成蘑菇扁平状 3  gather mushrooms 采蘑菇 ●adj.  mushroom-coloured; of a pale pinkish-brown colour 蘑菇色的；淡褐色的 □ mushroomy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French mousseron from Late Latin mussirio -onis]

mushroom cloud n.  a cloud suggesting the shape of a mushroom, esp. from a nuclear explosion (尤指核爆炸后形成的)蘑菇云

mushroom growth n.  1  a sudden development or expansion 雨后春笋般发展(壮大) 2  anything undergoing this 经历快速发展的事物

mushy /ˈmʌʃi/ adj. (mushier, mushiest)  1  like mush, soft and pulpy 玉米粥状的；柔软的；烂糊状的 2  feebly sentimental 痴情的；多愁善感的 □ mushily  adv.  □ mushiness  n.  

music /ˈmju:zik/ n.  1  the art of combining vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion 音乐；(声乐或器乐)组合乐 2  the sounds so produced 乐曲 3  musical compositions 音乐作品 4  the written or printed score of a musical composition 乐谱 5  certain pleasant sounds, e.g. birdsong, the sound of a stream, etc. 和谐悦耳的声音(如鸟鸣、流水等潺潺声) □ music of the spheres   see 见 SPHERE □ music to one's ears   something very pleasant to hear 中听的话；悦耳的声音 [Middle English via Old French musique and Latin musica from Greek mousikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of the Muses’, from mousa MUSE1]

musical /ˈmju:zik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to music (有关)音乐的 2 (of sounds, a voice, etc.) melodious, harmonious (声音、嗓音等)音乐般的；和谐的 3  fond of or skilled in music 爱好音乐的；精通音乐的  the musical one of the family  家中喜欢音乐的人 4  set to or accompanied by music 配乐的；有音乐伴奏的 ●n.  a musical film or comedy 音乐影片；音乐(喜)剧 □ musicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ musicalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ musically  adv.  □ musicalness  n.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin musicalis from Latin musica: see MUSIC]

musical box n. Brit.  a mechanical musical instrument in a box, typically incorporating a toothed cylinder which plucks a row of tuned metal strips as it revolves [英]八音盒

musical bumps n. pl. Brit.  a game similar to musical chairs, with players sitting on the floor and the one left standing eliminated [英] (席地)抢座位游戏

musical chairs n. pl.  1  a party game in which the players compete in successive rounds for a decreasing number of chairs 抢座位游戏 2  a series of changes or political manoeuvring etc. after the manner of the game (像抢座位游戏似的)一系列变化(政治上的你争我夺等)

musical comedy n.  a light dramatic entertainment of songs, dialogue, and dancing, connected by a slender plot 音乐喜剧

musical director n.  the person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance or production, often the conductor or leader of a music group 音乐导演

musicale /mju:ziˈkɑ:l/ n. US  a musical party [美]社交音乐会 [French fem. adj (as MUSICAL)]

musical film n.  a film in which music is an important feature 音乐影片

musical glasses n. pl.  an instrument in which notes are produced by rubbing graduated glass bowls or tubes 玻璃碗琴

musical instrument  see 见 INSTRUMENT n. 

musical saw n.  a bent saw played with a violin bow 乐锯

musical sound  see 见 SOUND1 n. 6 

music box n. N. Amer. [北美]  = MUSICAL BOX 

music centre n. Brit.  equipment combining radio, record player, tape recorder, etc. [英] (包括收音机、唱机、磁带收录机等的)组合音响

music drama n.  Wagnerian-type opera without formal arias etc. and governed by dramatic considerations (没有正式曲调等的瓦格纳式)音乐戏剧；歌剧

music hall n. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符) Brit. [英]  1  variety entertainment, popular c. 1850 － 1914, consisting of singing, dancing, and novelty acts (有歌舞和小节目的)歌舞杂耍表演 2  a theatre where this took place 歌舞杂耍剧场

musician /mju:ˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  a person who plays a musical instrument, esp. professionally, or is otherwise musically gifted (尤指专业或天才的)音乐家 □ musicianly  adj.  □ musicianship  n.   [Middle English from Old French musicien, from musique (as MUSIC, -ICIAN)]

musicology /mju:ziˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of music other than that directed to proficiency in performance or composition 音乐学；音乐理论 □ musicologist  n.  □ musicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [French musicologie, or MUSIC + -LOGY]

music paper n.  = MANUSCRIPT PAPER 

music stand n.  a rest or frame on which sheet music or a score is supported 乐谱架

music stool n.  a stool for a pianist, usu. with adjustable height (通常可调节高度的)琴凳

music theatre n.  in late 20th-c. music, the combination of elements from music and drama in new forms distinct from traditional opera, esp. as designed for small groups of performers (20 世纪末出现的)剧场音乐(音乐与歌剧相结合，表演的人不多)

musique concrète /mju:ˌzi:k kɒnˈkret, 法 myzik kɔ˜krɛt/ n.  music constructed by mixing recorded sounds 具体音乐 [French]

musk /mʌsk/ n.  1  a strong-smelling reddish-brown substance produced by a gland in the male musk deer and used as an ingredient in perfumes 麝香 2  the plant, Mimulus moschatus, with pale green ovate leaves and yellow flowers (originally with a smell of musk which is no longer perceptible in modern varieties) 香沟酸浆(最初的品种带麝香味，当代品种不再有此味道) □ musky  adj. (muskier, muskiest)  □ muskiness  n.   [Middle English via Late Latin muscus from Persian mušk, perhaps from Sanskrit muska ‘scrotum’ (from the shape of the musk deer's gland)]

musk deer n.  any small Asian deer of the genus Moschus, having no antlers and in the male having long protruding canine teeth 麝，香獐

musk duck n.  the Australian duck Biziura lobata, having a musky smell 澳洲麝鸭

muskeg /ˈmʌskeɡ/ n.  a level swamp or bog in Canada (加拿大)泥炭沼泽 [Cree]

muskellunge /ˈmʌskəlʌn(d)ʒ/ n.  a large N. American pike, Esox masquinongy, esp. of the Great Lakes (尤指五大湖的)北美狗鱼 [Algonquian]

musket /ˈmʌskit/ n. hist.  an infantryman's (esp. smooth-bored) light gun, often supported on the shoulder [史义] (尤指滑膛)火枪 [French mousquet from Italian moschetto ‘crossbow bolt’, from mosca ‘a fly’]

musketeer /mʌskiˈtiə/ n. hist.  a soldier armed with a musket [史义]火枪手

musketry /ˈmʌskitri/ n.  1  muskets, or soldiers armed with muskets, referred to collectively 火枪；火枪队 2  the knowledge of handling muskets 火枪术

musket shot n. hist. [史义]  1  a shot fired from a musket 火枪弹 2  the range of this shot 火枪射程

musk melon n.  the common yellow or green melon, Cucumis melo, usu. with a raised network of markings on the skin 甜瓜；香瓜(通常皮上有凸起的网纹) [from the aromatic flesh of some varieties]

musk ox n.  a large goat-antelope, Ovibos moschatus, native to N. America, with a thick shaggy coat and small curved horns (北美的)麝牛 [from the strong smell emitted by the male during rutting]

muskrat /ˈmʌskræt/ n.  1  a large aquatic rodent, Ondatra zibethicus, native to N. America, having a musky smell (北美的)麝鼠 2  the fur of this Also called 亦称作 MUSQUASH 麝鼠毛皮

musk-rose n.  a rambling rose, Rosa moschata, with large white flowers smelling of musk 麝香蔷薇

musk thistle n.  a nodding thistle, Carduus nutans, whose flowers have a musky fragrance 麝香飞廉

musk tree n.  an Australian tree with a musky smell, esp. Olearia argyrophylla 澳洲树紫菀木

muskwood /ˈmʌskwʊd/ n.  wood with a musky smell, esp. that of a musk tree or of certain W. Indian trees 澳洲树紫菀木

Muslim /ˈmʊzlim, ˈmʌz-, -s-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Moslem /ˈmɒzləm/) ●n.  a follower of the Islamic religion (有关)穆斯林；(有关)伊斯兰教信徒 ●adj.  of or relating to the Muslims or their religion (有关)穆斯林的；(有关)伊斯兰教的 [Arabic muslim, part. of aslama: see ISLAM]

muslin /ˈmʌzlin/ n.  1  a fine delicately woven cotton fabric 麦斯林织物 2 US  a cotton cloth in plain weave [美]平纹细布 □ muslined  adj.   [French mousseline from Italian mussolina, from Mussolo Mosul in Iraq, where it was made]

musmon /ˈmʌsmɒn, ˈmʌzmən/ n. Zool. 【动】  = MOUFLON  [Latin musimo from Greek mousmōn]

muso /ˈmju:zəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. slang  a musician, esp. a professional [英] [俚语] (尤指专业)乐师 [abbreviation]

musquash /ˈmʌskwɒʃ/ n.  = MUSKRAT  [Algonquian]

muss /mʌs/ v. & n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  disarrange; throw into disorder 使凌乱；把…弄乱 ●n.  a state of confusion; untidiness, mess 一团糟；杂乱，凌乱 □ mussy  adj.   [apparently a variant of MESS]

mussel /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ n.  1  any bivalve mollusc of the genus Mytilus, living in sea water and often used for food 贻贝 2  any similar freshwater mollusc of the genus Margaritifer or Anodonta, forming pearls 河蚌；珠蚌 [Old English mus(c)le, superseded by forms from Middle Low German mussel, ultimately related to Latin musculus (as MUSCLE)]

Mussulman /ˈmʌs(ə)lmən/ n. & adj. archaic [古义] ●n. (pl. -mans or -men)  a Muslim 穆斯林 ●adj.  of or concerning Muslims (有关)穆斯林的 [Persian musulmɑˉn (originally adj.) from muslim (as MUSLIM)]

must1 /mʌst/ v. & n. ●v. aux. (3rd sing. present must; past had to or in indirect speech must) (foll. by 后跟 infin., or absol. [含宾])  1  a  be obliged to 必须；必要  you must go to school  你必须去上学 must we leave now?  我们现在必须离开吗？ said he must go  说了他得走 I must away  我一定要离开b  in ironic questions (用于反问)偏要，非要  must you slam the door?  你偏要使劲关门？ 2  be certain to 肯定要；必然要  we must win in the end  最终我们一定要取胜 you must be her sister  你肯定是她姐姐 he must be mad  他一定疯了 they must have left by now  他们现在肯定离开了 seemed as if the roof must blow off  看似屋顶要掀起来 3  ought to 应该  we must see what can be done  我们应该考虑该做点什么 it must be said that  应该这么说 4  expressing insistence 一定  I must ask you to leave  我一定要你离开 5 (foll. by 后跟 not + infin.)  a  not be permitted to, be forbidden to (不)准许；(不)可以；禁止  you must not smoke  你不可以抽烟b  ought not; need not (不)应该；(不)需要  you mustn't think he's angry  你不要以为他生气了 you must not worry  你不必担心c  expressing insistence that something should not be done 坚持某事不该做  they must not be told  不该告诉他们 6 (as past or historic present) expressing the perversity of destiny (作过去或历史现在时)偏要；不巧  what must I do but break my leg  什么事我偏要去做不可，这下子把腿给弄骨折了 ●n. colloq.  a thing that cannot or should not be overlooked or missed [口]必要的条件；不可少的事物  if you go to London St Paul's is a must  你若去伦敦，圣保罗教堂不能不去 □ I must say  often iron.  I cannot refrain from saying [常讽]我不得不说  I must say he made a good attempt  我不得不说他进行了很好的尝试 a fine way to behave, I must say  我必须说这是很好的做法□ must needs   see 见 NEEDS  [Old English mōste, past of mōt ‘may’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1a, the negative (i.e. lack of obligation) is expressed by not have to or need not; must not denotes positive forbidding, as in you must not smoke. 在释义 1a 中，其否定(即不必要)通过 not have to 或 need not 来表达；而 must not 表示严格禁止，如 you must not smoke (你不可以抽烟)。 

must2 /mʌst/ n.  grape juice before fermentation is complete 葡萄汁 [Old English from Latin mustum, neut. of mustus ‘new’]

must3 /mʌst/ n.  mustiness, mould 发霉；霉 [back-formation from MUSTY]

must4 /mʌst/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 musth) ●adj. (of a male elephant or camel) in a state of frenzy associated with the breeding season (发情期的公象或雄骆驼)处于狂暴状态的 ●n.  this state 狂暴状态 [Urdu from Persian mast ‘intoxicated’]

mustache US var.  of MOUSTACHE [美] MOUSTACHE 的变体

mustachio /məˈstɑ:ʃiəʊ, -ʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (often in pl. 常用复数) archaic  a moustache [古义]胡须 □ mustachioed  adj.   [Spanish mostacho & Italian mostaccio (as MOUSTACHE)]

mustang /ˈmʌstæŋ/ n.  a small wild horse native to Mexico and California (墨西哥、美国加利福尼亚州的)野马 [Spanish mestengo (from mesta ‘company of graziers’) & Spanish mostrenco, both meaning ‘wild or masterless cattle’]

mustang grape n.  a grape from the wild vine Vitis candicans, of the southern US, used for making wine 白亮葡萄

mustard /ˈmʌstəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  any of various plants of the genus Brassica with slender pods and yellow flowers, esp. B. nigra 芸苔属植物(尤指棕芥)b  any of various plants of the genus Sinapis, esp. S. alba, eaten at the seedling stage, often with cress 十字花科 2  the seeds of these which are crushed, made into a paste, and used as a spicy condiment 芥子；芥子酱 3  the brownish-yellow colour of this condiment 芥子酱色，暗黄色 4 slang  a thing which adds piquancy or zest [俚语]增添兴味的东西；积极性 ●adj.  of a brownish-yellow colour 暗黄色的 [Middle English from Old French mo(u)starde: originally the condiment as prepared with MUST2]

mustard gas n.  a colourless oily liquid, whose vapour is a powerful irritant and vesicant 芥子气

mustard plaster n.  a poultice made with mustard 芥子硬膏

mustard seed n.  1  the seed of the mustard plant 芥菜籽 2  a small thing capable of great development (Matt. 13:31) 大有发展前途的微小事物(《马太福音》 13:31)

mustelid /ˈmʌstilid, mʌˈstelid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a mammal of the family Mustelidae, including weasels, stoats, badgers, skunks, martens, etc. 鼬科动物(包括鼬鼠、鼬、獾、臭鼬、貂等) ●adj.  of or relating to this family (有关)鼬科动物的 [modern Latin Mustelidae from Latin mustela ‘weasel’]

muster /ˈmʌstə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  collect (originally soldiers) for inspection, to check numbers, etc. 集合；召集；对(人数)进行点名 2 tr. & intr.  collect, gather together 收集；搜集；聚集 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  summon up (courage, strength, etc.) 鼓起(勇气)；奋(力)；激发(精神等) 4 tr. Austral.  round up (livestock) [澳]赶拢(牲畜) ●n.  1  the assembly of persons for inspection 检阅 2  an assembly, a collection 聚集；集合 3 Austral.  a rounding up of livestock [澳] (牲畜的)赶拢 4 Austral. slang  the number of people attending (a meeting etc.) [澳] [俚语] (参加集会的)人员总数  had a good muster  与会率很高 □ muster in  US  enrol (recruits) [美]征召(新兵)入伍□ muster out  US  discharge (soldiers etc.) [美]使(士兵等)退役□ pass muster   bear inspection; come up to a required standard 通过检阅；被认为符合要求□ musterer  n. (in sense 3 of n. & 4 of v. 用于名词释义 3 及动词释义 4)   [Middle English from Old French mo(u)stre, ultimately from Latin monstrare ‘show’]

muster-book n.  a book for registering military personnel 点名册

muster-roll n.  an official list of officers and men in a regiment or ship's company (团里或轮船公司的)花名册

musth var.  of MUST4  MUST4 的变体

mustn't /ˈmʌs(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  must not 

musty /ˈmʌsti/ adj. (mustier, mustiest)  1  mouldy 发霉的；霉的 2  of a mouldy or stale smell or taste 有霉味的；有陈味的 3  stale, antiquated 陈腐的；过时的  musty old books  过时的旧书 □ mustily  adv.  □ mustiness  n.   [perhaps alteration of moisty (MOIST), by association with MUST2]

mutable /ˈmju:təb(ə)l/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  liable to change 可变的；会变的 2  fickle 不定的；反复无常的 □ mutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin mutabilis from mutare ‘change’]

mutagen /ˈmju:tədʒ(ə)n/ n.  an agent promoting mutation, e.g. radiation 诱变剂(如放射物) □ mutagenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ mutagenesis  /-ˈdʒenisis/ n.   [MUTATION + -GEN]

mutant /ˈmju:t(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  resulting from mutation 突变产生的 ●n.  a mutant form 突变体 [Latin mutant-, part. stem of mutare ‘change’]

mutate /mju:ˈteit/ v. intr. & tr.  undergo or cause to undergo mutation 变化；改变；引起突变 [back-formation from MUTATION]

mutation /mju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or an instance of change or alteration 变化；改变 2  a genetic change which, when transmitted to offspring, gives rise to heritable variations (因基因变化而产生的)突变；变种 3  a mutant 突变体 4  a  an umlaut 元音变化b (in a Celtic language) a change of a consonant etc. determined by a preceding word (凯尔特语中辅音等的)语音变异 □ mutational  adj.  □ mutationally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin mutatio, from mutare ‘change’]

mutatis mutandis /mu:ˌtɑ:tis mu:ˈtændis, mju:-, -i:s/ adv. (in comparing cases) making the necessary alterations (在对比事件中)经(或作)必要的变更 [Latin]

mutch /mʌtʃ/ n. dial.  a woman's or child's linen cap [方]亚麻布女帽(或童帽) [Middle English via Middle Dutch mutse, Middle High German mütze from medieval Latin almucia AMICE2]

mute /mju:t/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  silent, refraining from or temporarily bereft of speech 缄默的；(一时)说不出话的 2  not emitting articulate sound 不出声的 3 (of a person or animal) dumb (人或动作)哑的 4  not expressed in speech 不用语言表达的  mute protest  无声的抗议 5  a (of a letter) not pronounced (字母)不发音的b (of a consonant) plosive (辅音)破裂音的，爆发音的 6 (of hounds) not giving tongue (狗)不吠叫的 ●n.  1  a dumb person 哑巴  a deaf mute  聋哑人 2 Mus. 【音】  a  a clamp for damping the resonance of the strings of a violin etc. (减弱小提琴等共振的)柔音夹b  a pad or cone for damping the sound of a wind instrument 弱音器 3  an unsounded consonant 哑音 4  an actor whose part is in a dumbshow 哑剧演员 5  a dumb servant in oriental countries (东方国家的)哑仆；哑奴 6  a hired mourner (受雇的)送葬人 ●v. tr.  1  deaden, muffle, or soften the sound of (a thing, esp. a musical instrument) 使(某物，尤指乐器)消除(声音)；减轻(声音) 2  a  tone down, make less intense 使柔和；使缓和b (as 作 muted adj.) (of colours etc.) subdued 使(颜色等)柔和(的)  a muted green  柔绿色 □ mutely  adv.  □ muteness  n.   [Middle English from Old French muet, diminutive of mu, from Latin mutus, assimilated to Latin]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at MOOT. 见 MOOT 的用法说明。 

mute button n.  a device on a telephone etc. to temporarily prevent the caller from hearing what is being said at the receiver's end (电话等的)静音键

mute swan n.  the commonest Eurasian swan, Cygnus olor, having white plumage and an orange-red bill with a swollen black base 赤嘴天鹅，哑声(疣鼻)天鹅

mutilate /ˈmju:tileit/ v. tr.  1  a  deprive (a person or animal) of a limb or organ 使(人或动物)残缺不全b  destroy the use of (a limb or organ) 毁伤(肢体或器官) 2  render (a book etc.) imperfect by excision or some act of destruction 毁损(书等) □ mutilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mutilator  n.   [Latin mutilare from mutilus ‘maimed’]

mutineer /mju:tiˈniə/ n.  a person who mutinies 反叛者；叛变者 [French mutinier, via mutin ‘rebellious’ from muete ‘movement’, ultimately from Latin movēre ‘move’]

mutinous /ˈmju:tinəs/ adj.  rebellious; tending to mutiny 反叛的；谋图叛乱的 □ mutinously  adv.   [obsolete mutine ‘rebellion’ from French mutin: see MUTINEER]

mutiny /ˈmju:tini/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  an open revolt against constituted authority, esp. by soldiers or sailors against their officers (尤指士兵或水手对上司的)反叛；叛变 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  revolt; engage in mutiny 反叛；参加叛乱 [obsolete mutine (as MUTINOUS)]

mutism /ˈmju:tiz(ə)m/ n.  muteness; silence; dumbness 沉默，无言，哑 [French mutisme from Latin (as MUTE)]

muton /ˈmju:tɒn/ n. Biol.  the smallest element of genetic material capable of giving rise to a mutant individual 【生】突变子

mutt /mʌt/ n.  1 slang  an ignorant, stupid, or blundering person [俚语]无知的人；笨蛋；易犯错误的人 2  a Brit. derog. or joc.  a dog [英贬] [诙]狗b US  a mongrel [美]杂种狗 [abbreviation of mutton-head]

mutter /ˈmʌtə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  speak low in a barely audible manner 小声而含糊不清地说 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, at)  murmur or grumble about 咕哝；小声抱怨 3 tr.  utter (words etc.) in a low tone 悄声说(话等) 4 tr.  say in secret 暗地里说 ●n.  1  muttered words or sounds 轻声低语；小声低语 2  muttering 咕哝 □ mutterer  n.  □ mutteringly  adv.   [Middle English, related to MUTE]

mutton /ˈmʌt(ə)n/ n.  1  the flesh of sheep used for food 羊肉 2 joc.  a sheep [诙]绵羊 □ mutton dressed as lamb  Brit. colloq. derog.  a usu. middle-aged or elderly woman dressed or made up to appear younger [英口] [贬]打扮得像少妇一样的(通常指中年妇女或老妇人)□ muttony  adj.   [Middle English via Old French moton from medieval Latin multo -onis, probably from Gaulish]

mutton-bird n. Austral. [澳]  1  any bird of the genus Puffinus, esp. the short-tailed shearwater, P. tenuirostris 羊肉鹱(尤指短尾鹱) 2  any of various petrels 细嘴海燕 [from the flavour of the cooked flesh of some species, said to resemble mutton]

mutton chop n.  1  a piece of mutton, usu. the rib and half vertebra to which it is attached 羊排(通常为肋骨及一半脊椎) 2 (in full 全称 mutton chop whisker)  a side whisker shaped like this 羊排络腮胡

mutton-head n. colloq.  a dull, stupid person [口]笨蛋；傻瓜 □ mutton-headed  adj.  

mutual /ˈmju:tʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  1 (of feelings, actions, etc.) experienced or done by each of two or more parties with reference to the other or others (感情、行动等)彼此的；相互的  mutual affection  相互爱慕 2 disp.  common to two or more persons [异议]共同的；共有的  a mutual friend  共同的朋友 a mutual interest  共同利益 3  standing in (a specified) relation to each other (有某种关系的)互助的；互利的  mutual well-wishers  互相祝福的人 mutual beneficiaries  互惠者 □ mutuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ mutually  adv.   [Middle English via Old French mutuel from Latin mutuus ‘mutual, borrowed’, related to mutare ‘change’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of mutual in sense 2, although often found, is considered incorrect by some people, for whom common is preferable. 单词 mutual 释义 2 的用法虽然常见，但有些人认为不正确，他们倾向选用 common 。 

mutual fund n. N. Amer.  a unit trust [北美]共同基金

mutual inductance n.  the property of an electric circuit that causes an electromotive force to be generated in it by change in the current flowing through a magnetically linked circuit 互感

mutual induction n.  the production of an electromotive force between adjacent circuits that are magnetically linked 互感应

mutual insurance n.  insurance in which some or all of the profits are divided among the policyholders 相互保险

mutualism /ˈmju:tʃʊəliz(ə)m, -tjʊə-/ n.  1  the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being 互助主义；互助论 2  mutually beneficial symbiosis 共栖，互惠共生 □ mutualist  n. & adj.  □ mutualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ mutualistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

mutuel /ˈmju:tʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ n. esp. US  a totalizator; a pari-mutuel [尤美] (赛马)赌金计算器；同注分彩计算器 [abbreviation of PARI-MUTUEL]

mutule /ˈmju:tju:l/ n. Archit.  a block derived from the ends of wooden beams projecting under a Doric cornice 【建】(陶立克式檐口下的)飞檐托块 [French from Latin mutulus]

muu-muu /ˈmu:mu:/ n.  a woman's loose brightly coloured dress (女式宽大)穆穆袍 [Hawaiian]

muzak /ˈmju:zæk/ n.  1 propr.  a system of music transmission for playing in public places [商标]米尤扎克(音乐广播系统) 2  recorded light background music 背景(轻)音乐 [alteration of MUSIC]

muzhik /mu:ˈʒik, ˈmu:ʒik/ n. (also 亦作 moujik) hist.  a Russian peasant [史义] (帝俄时代的)俄国农民 [Russian muzhik]

muzzle /ˈmʌz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the projecting part of an animal's face, including the nose and mouth (动物的)鼻口部 2  a guard, usu. made of straps or wire, fitted over an animal's nose and mouth to stop it biting or feeding (动物的)口套(通常由皮带、金属丝制成) 3  the open end of a firearm 枪口；炮口 ●v. tr.  1  put a muzzle on (an animal etc.) 给(动物等)套口套 2  impose silence upon 使缄默 3 Naut.  take in (a sail) 【海】收(帆) [Middle English from Old French musel, ultimately from medieval Latin musum: cf. MUSE2]

muzzle-loader n.  a gun that is loaded through the muzzle 前装炮；前装枪

muzzle velocity n.  the velocity with which a projectile leaves the muzzle of a gun 初速

muzzy /ˈmʌzi/ adj. (muzzier, muzziest)  1  a  mentally hazy; dull, spiritless 头脑糊涂的；无生气的；无精打采的b esp. Brit.  confused from drinking alcohol [尤英]晕晕忽忽的 2  blurred, indistinct 模糊的；不清的 □ muzzily  adv.  □ muzziness  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

MV abbr. [缩略]  1  motor vessel 内燃机船 2  muzzle velocity  3  megavolt(s) 

MVO abbr. (in the UK) Member of the Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国)皇家维多利亚勋章获得者

MVP abbr. US Sport  most valuable player [缩略] [美]【运动】最有价值球员

MW abbr. [缩略]  1  megawatt(s)  2  medium wave 

mW abbr.  milliwatt(s) [缩略]毫瓦(特)

Mx. abbr. [缩略]  1  maxwell(s)  2  Middlesex (a former county in England) 米德尔塞克斯(英格兰一旧郡)

MY abbr. [缩略]  motor yacht 

my /mai/ poss. det.  1  of or belonging to me (属于)我的  my house  我的房屋 my own business  我自己的事 2  as a form of address in affectionate, sympathetic, jocular, or patronizing contexts (表示亲昵、同情、戏谑或傲慢时称呼)我的  my dear boy  我的宝贝 3  in various expressions of surprise 表示惊奇  my God!  天啊！ oh my!  哎呀！ 4 colloq.  indicating the speaker's husband, wife, child, etc. [口] (指说话人的丈夫、妻子、孩子等)我的  my Johnny's ill again  我的约翰尼又病了 □ my Lady (or Lord)   the form of address to certain titled persons (对有身份人的称谓)阁下；老爷 [Middle English mī, reduced from mīn MINE-]

my- comb. form var.  of MYO- [构词成分] MYO- 的变体

myalgia /maiˈældʒə/ n.  a pain in a muscle or group of muscles 肌痛 □ myalgic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek mus ‘muscle’]

myalgic encephalomyelitis  see 见 ME 2 

myalism /ˈmaiəliz(ə)m/ n.  a kind of sorcery akin to obeah, practised esp. in the W. Indies (尤指西印度群岛的)迈尔巫术 [myal, probably of West African origin]

myall /ˈmaiəl/ n.  1  a  any tree of the genus Acacia, esp. A. pendula, native to Australia (澳大利亚)金合欢属植物(尤指垂枝相思树)b  the hard scented wood of this, used for fences and tobacco pipes 垂枝相思树木 2  an Australian Aboriginal living in a traditional way (按原始方式生活的)澳大利亚土著人 [Dharuk mayal, miyal ‘stranger, person of another tribe’; origin of sense 1 uncertain]

Myanmar   (see 见 Burma) 缅甸

myasthenia /maiəsˈθi:niə/ n.  a condition causing abnormal weakness of certain muscles, esp. (in full 全称 myasthenia gravis /ˈɡrɑ:vis, ˈɡrævis/) a rare chronic autoimmune disease marked by muscular weakness without atrophy 肌无力；肌肉衰弱(尤指重症肌无力) [modern Latin from Greek mus ‘muscle’: cf. ASTHENIA]

mycelium /maiˈsi:liəm/ n. (pl. mycelia /-liə/)  the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of microscopic threadlike hyphae 菌丝体 □ mycelial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek mukēs ‘fungus’, on the pattern of EPITHELIUM]

Mycenaean /maisiˈni:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj. Archaeol.  of or relating to the late Bronze Age civilization in Greece (c. 1580 － 1100 BC), depicted in the Homeric poems and represented by finds at Mycenae and elsewhere 【考古】(青铜晚期时代) (有关)迈锡尼(文明)的 ●n.  an inhabitant of Mycenae or the Mycenaean world 迈锡尼的居民；迈锡尼时代 [Latin Mycenaeus]

-mycin /ˈmaisin/ comb. form  used to form the names of antibiotic compounds derived from fungi [构词成分]构成名称，表示“霉菌素” [Greek mukēs ‘fungus’ + -IN]

myco- /ˈmaikəʊ/ comb. form  fungus [构词成分]真菌 [Greek mukēs ‘fungus, mushroom’]

mycology /maiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the study of fungi 真菌学 2  the fungi of a particular region (特定地区的)真菌群 □ mycological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ mycologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ mycologist  n.   [MYCO- + -LOGY]

mycoplasma /maikə(ʊ)ˈplæzmə/ n. (pl. mycoplasmas, mycoplasmata /-mətə/)  any of a group of mainly parasitic micro-organisms smaller than bacteria and without a cell wall 支原体 [MYCO- + PLASMA]

mycoprotein /ˈmaikə(ʊ)prəʊti:n/ n.  protein derived from fungi, esp. as produced for human consumption (尤指为人使用的)真菌蛋白

mycorrhiza /maikə(ʊ)ˈraizə/ n. (pl. mycorrhizae /-zi:/)  a symbiotic association of a fungus and the roots of a plant 菌根 □ mycorrhizal  adj.   [modern Latin from MYCO- + rhiza ‘root’]

mycosis /maiˈkəʊsis/ n. Med.  any disease caused by a fungus, e.g. ringworm 【医】真菌病(如癣) □ mycotic  /-ˈkɒtik/ adj.   [MYCO- + -OSIS]

mycotoxin /maikə(ʊ)ˈtɒksin/ n.  any toxic substance produced by a fungus 毒枝菌素

mycotrophy /maiˈkɒtrəfi/ n.  the condition of a plant which has mycorrhizae and is perhaps helped to assimilate nutrients as a result 菌根营养 [MYCO- + Greek trophē ‘nourishment’]

mydriasis /midriˈeisis, miˈdraiəsis/ n.  excessive dilation of the pupil of the eye 瞳孔开大；瞳孔散大；瞳孔扩大 [Latin from Greek mudriasis]

myelin /ˈmaiəlin/ n.  a white fatty substance which forms an insulating sheath around certain nerve fibres 髓磷脂 □ myelination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek muelos ‘marrow’ + -IN]

myelitis /maiəˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the spinal cord 脊髓炎 [modern Latin, from Greek muelos ‘marrow’]

myeloid /ˈmaiəlɔid/ adj.  of or relating to bone marrow or the spinal cord (有关)骨髓的；(有关)脊髓的 [Greek muelos ‘marrow’]

myeloma /maiəˈləʊmə/ n. (pl. myelomas or myelomata /-mətə/)  a malignant tumour of the bone marrow 骨髓癌 [modern Latin, as MYELITIS + -OMA]

Myles /mailz/   迈尔斯 [人名]

mylodon /ˈmailəd(ə)n/ n.  an extinct gigantic ground sloth of the genus Mylodon, with cylindrical teeth and found in deposits formed during the ice age of the Pleistocene epoch in South America 磨齿兽 [modern Latin, from Greek mulē ‘mill, molar’ + odous odontos ‘tooth’]

mynah /ˈmainə/ n. (also 亦作 myna, mina)  any of various SE Asian starlings, esp. Gracula religiosa able to mimic the human voice (东南亚)椋鸟(尤指鹩哥)，八哥 [Hindi mainɑˉ]

myo- /ˈmaiəʊ/ comb. form (also my- before a vowel 元音前亦作 my-)  muscle [构词成分]肌肉 [Greek mus muos ‘muscle’]

myocardium /maiə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:diəm/ n. (pl. myocardia /-diə/)  the muscular tissue of the heart 心肌 □ myocardial  adj.  □ myocarditis  /-ˈdaitis/ n.   [MYO- + Greek kardia ‘heart’]

myofibril /maiə(ʊ)ˈfaibril/ n.  any of the elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells 肌原纤维

myogenic /maiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  originating in muscle tissue 生肌的；肌原性的

myoglobin /maiə(ʊ)ˈɡləʊbin/ n.  an oxygen-carrying protein containing iron and found in muscle cells 肌红蛋白

myology /maiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure and function of muscles 肌学

myope /ˈmaiəʊp/ n.  a short-sighted person 近视者 [French via Late Latin myops from Greek muōps, from muō ‘shut’ + ōps ‘eye’]

myopia /maiˈəʊpiə/ n.  1  short-sightedness 近视 2  lack of imagination or intellectual insight 缺乏深谋远虑；目光短浅 □ myopic  /-ˈɒpik/ adj.  □ myopically  /-ˈɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin (as MYOPE)]

myosin /ˈmaiə(ʊ)sin/ n.  a protein which with actin forms the contractile filaments of muscle 肌凝蛋白 [MYO- + -OSE2 + -IN]

myosis var.  of MIOSIS  MIOSIS 的变体

myosotis /maiə(ʊ)ˈsəʊtis/ n. (also 亦作 myosote /ˈmaiəsəʊt/)  any plant of the genus Myosotis with blue, pink, or white flowers, esp. a forget-me-not 勿忘草属植物(尤指勿忘我草) [Latin from Greek muosōtis, from mus muos ‘mouse’ + ous ōtos ‘ear’]

myotonia /maiə(ʊ)ˈtəʊniə/ n.  the inability to relax voluntary muscle after vigorous effort 肌强直 □ myotonic  /-ˈtɒnik/ adj.   [MYO- + Greek tonos ‘tone’]

myriad /ˈmiriəd/ n. & adj. literary [文学用语] ●n.  1  an indefinitely great number 无数；极大数量 2  ten thousand 万 ●adj.  of an indefinitely great number 无数的 [Late Latin mirias miriad- from Greek murias -ados, from murioi ‘10,000’]

myriapod /ˈmiriəpɒd/ n. & adj. ●n.  any land-living arthropod of the class Myriapoda, with numerous leg-bearing segments, e.g. centipedes and millipedes 多足纲节肢动物(如百脚、倍足纲节肢动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this group (有关)多足纲节肢动物的 [modern Latin Myriapoda (as MYRIAD, Greek pous podos ‘foot’)]

myrmecology /mɜ:miˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of ants 蚁学 □ myrmecological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ myrmecologist  n.   [Greek murmēk- murmēx ‘ant’]

myrmidon /ˈmɜ:mid(ə)n/ n.  1  a hired ruffian 雇佣的暴徒 2  a lowly servant 贱仆 [Latin Myrmidones (pl.) from Greek Murmidones, warlike Thessalian people who went with Achilles to Troy]

myrobalan /maiˈrɒbələn/ n.  1 (in full 全称 myrobalan plum)  = CHERRY PLUM  2 (in full 全称 myrobalan nut)  the fruit of an Asian tree, Terminalia chebula, used in medicines, for tanning leather, and to produce inks and dyes 诃子 [French myrobolan or Latin myrobalanum from Greek murobalanos, from muron ‘unguent’ + balanos ‘acorn’]

myrrh1 /mɜ:/ n.  a gum resin from several trees of the genus Commiphora used, esp. in the Near East, in perfumery, medicine, incense, etc. (尤指在近东的没药属植物分泌的)没药(用于香水、药品、香料等) □ myrrhic  adj.  □ myrrhy  adj.   [Old English myrra, myrre via Latin myrr(h) a from Greek murra, of Semitic origin]

myrrh2 /mɜ:/ n.  = SWEET CICELY  [Latin myrris from Greek murris]

myrtaceous /mɜ:ˈteiʃəs/ adj.  of or relating to the plant family Myrtaceae, including myrtles (有关)桃金娘科植物的

myrtle /ˈmɜ:t(ə)l/ n.  1  an evergreen shrub of the genus Myrtus with aromatic foliage and white flowers, esp. M. communis, bearing purple-black ovoid berries 香桃木属植物(尤指普通香桃木) 2 US [美]  = PERIWINKLE1 1  [Middle English via medieval Latin myrtilla, -us, diminutive of Latin myrta, myrtus, from Greek murtos]

myself /maiˈself, miˈself/ pron.  1 emphat. form  of I2 or ME1 (I2 或 ME1 的强调形式)我自己  I saw it myself  我亲眼看到了 I like to do it myself  我喜欢亲自做这件事 2 refl. form  of ME1 (ME1 的反身形式)我本人  I was angry with myself  我生自己的气 able to dress myself  能自己穿衣 3  in my normal state of body and mind 我的正常情况  I'm not myself today  我今天有点不舒服 4 poet. [诗]  = I2 myself when young did often wander in the woods  年轻时的我常徘徊在树林中  □ by myself    see 见 by oneself 我单独的□ I myself   I for my part 我自己  I myself am doubtful  我自己表示怀疑 [ME1 + SELF: my- partly after herself, with her regarded as possessive pronoun]

mysterious /miˈstiəriəs/ adj.  1  full of or wrapped in mystery 神秘的；不可思议的 2 (of a person) delighting in mystery (人)故弄玄虚的 □ mysteriously  adv.  □ mysteriousness  n.   [French mystérieux, from mystère, from Old French (as MYSTERY1)]

mystery1 /ˈmist(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a secret, hidden, or inexplicable matter 神秘的事物；隐蔽的事；难以理解的事物  the reason remains a mystery  原因仍是个谜 2  secrecy or obscurity 秘密；神秘  wrapped in mystery  被疑团所包围 3 (作 attrib.)  secret, undisclosed 神秘的，秘密的  mystery guest  神秘的客人 4  the practice of making a secret of (esp. unimportant) things (尤指不重要的事弄得)神秘兮兮；秘密行事  engaged in mystery and intrigue  从事阴谋诡计 5 (in full 全称 mystery story)  a fictional work dealing with a puzzling event, esp. a crime (尤指犯案的)侦探小说；疑案小说  a well-known mystery writer  著名的侦探小说作家 6  a  a religious truth divinely revealed, esp. one beyond human reason (尤指超出人的理性的)宗教奥秘b RC Ch.  a decade of the rosary 【天主教】念珠(的一段) 7 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the secret religious rites of the ancient Greeks, Romans, etc. (古希腊人、罗马人等的)秘密宗教仪式b archaic  the Eucharist [古义]圣体；圣餐 □ make a mystery of   treat as an impressive secret 把…弄得很神秘；使神秘化 [Middle English via Old French mistere or Latin mysterium from Greek mustērion, related to MYSTIC]

mystery2 /ˈmist(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic  a handicraft or trade, esp. as referred to in indentures etc. [古义] (尤指有契约等束缚的)手艺；行业  art and mystery  技术和手艺 [Middle English from medieval Latin misterium, contraction of ministerium MINISTRY, associated with MYSTERY1]

mystery play n.  a medieval play based on the Bible or the lives of the saints 圣史剧

mystery tour n. Brit.  a pleasure excursion to an unspecified destination [英]未有具体目标的旅行，神秘旅游

mystic /ˈmistik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who seeks by contemplation and self-surrender to obtain unity or identity with or absorption into the Deity or the ultimate reality, or who believes in the spiritual apprehension of truths that are beyond the understanding 神秘主义者 ●adj.  1  mysterious and awe-inspiring 神秘的；引起敬畏的 2  spiritually allegorical or symbolic 具有心灵(象征)意义的 3  occult, esoteric 神秘的；秘教的 4  of hidden meaning 玄妙的 □ mysticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Middle English via Old French mystique or Latin mysticus from Greek mustikos, via mustēs ‘initiated person’ from muō ‘close the eyes or lips, initiate’]

mystical /ˈmistik(ə)l/ adj.  of mystics or mysticism 神秘的；不可思议的；玄妙的；神秘主义的；具有心灵意义的 □ mystically  adv.  

mystify /ˈmistifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  bewilder, confuse 把…难住；使困惑不解 2  hoax, take advantage of the credulity of 欺骗；蒙蔽 3  wrap up in mystery 使神秘化；使不可理解 □ mystification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ mystifying  adj.  □ mystifyingly  adv.   [French mystifier, formed irregularly from mystique MYSTIC or mystère MYSTERY1]

mystique /miˈsti:k/ n.  1  an atmosphere of mystery and veneration attending some activity or person 神秘气氛；神秘性 2  any skill or technique impressive or mystifying to the layman 奥秘；秘诀 [French from Old French (as MYSTIC)]

myth /miθ/ n.  1  a traditional narrative usu. involving supernatural or imaginary persons and often embodying popular ideas on natural or social phenomena etc. (通常包含超自然或假想中人物的)神话故事(常体现民众对自然或社会现象等的想法) 2  such narratives collectively 神话 3  a widely held but false notion 杜撰出来的人(或物)；编造的话 4  a fictitious person, thing, or idea 虚构的人(事物、观点) 5  an allegory 比喻  the Platonic myth  柏拉图著作中的比喻 □ mythic  adj.  □ mythical  adj.  □ mythically  adv.   [modern Latin mythus via Late Latin mythos from Greek muthos]

mythi pl.  of MYTHUS  

mythicize /ˈmiθisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat (a story etc.) as a myth; interpret mythically 使(故事等)神话化；用神话解释 □ mythicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ mythicist  /-sist/ n.  

mytho- /ˈmiθəʊ/ comb. form  myth [构词成分]神话 [Greek muthos, or from MYTH]

mythogenesis /miθə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  the production of myths 神话产生；神话起源

mythographer /miˈθɒɡrəfə/ n.  a compiler of myths 神话作家；搜集神话者

mythography /miˈθɒɡrəfi/ n.  the representation of myths in plastic art (雕塑艺术中的)神话艺术

mythology /miˈθɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of myths 神话(集)  Greek mythology  希腊神话 2  the study of myths 神话学(研究) □ mythologer  n.  □ mythologic  /-θəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ mythological  /-θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ mythologically  /θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ mythologist  n.  □ mythologize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ mythologizer  n.   [Middle English via French mythologie or Late Latin mythologia from Greek muthologia (as MYTHO-, -LOGY)]

mythomania /miθə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an abnormal tendency to exaggerate or tell lies 说谎狂 □ mythomaniac  /-iæk/ n. & adj.  

mythopoeia /miθə(ʊ)ˈpi:ə/ n.  the making of myths 神话的创作；神话的产生 □ mythopoeic  adj. (also 亦作 mythopoetic /-pəʊˈetik/)   [Greek muthopoiia (as MYTHO-, poiein ‘make’)]

mythos /ˈmaiθɒs, ˈmiθɒs/ n. (pl. mythoi /-θɔi/)  1 literary  a myth; a body of myths [文学用语] (一个)神话；神话(集) 2  a narrative theme or pattern 主题；情节 [Late Latin: see MYTH]

mythus /ˈmaiθəs, ˈmiθəs/ n. (pl. mythi /-θai/) literary  a myth [文学用语] (一个)神话 [modern Latin: see MYTH]

myxo- /ˈmiksəʊ/ comb. form (also myx- before a vowel 元音前亦作 myx-)  mucus [构词成分]黏液 [Greek muxa ‘mucus’]

myxoedema /miksiˈdi:mə/ n. (US [美] myxedema)  a syndrome caused by hypothyroidism, resulting in thickening of the skin, weight gain, mental dullness, loss of energy, and sensitivity to cold 黏液水肿；黏液性水肿

myxoma /mikˈsəʊmə/ n. (pl. myxomas or myxomata /-mətə/)  a benign tumour of mucous or gelatinous tissue 黏液瘤 □ myxomatous  /-ˈsɒmətəs/ adj.   [modern Latin (as MYXO-, -OMA)]

myxomatosis /miksəməˈtəʊsis/ n.  an infectious usu. fatal viral disease in rabbits, causing swelling of the mucous membranes 黏液瘤变性；黏液瘤病

myxomycete /miksə(ʊ)ˈmaisi:t/ n.  a slime mould of the class Myxomycetes, usu. forming a mobile plasmodium 黏菌(通常构成活动的原质团) [from MYXO- + Greek mukēs -ētos ‘fungus’]

myxovirus /ˈmiksə(ʊ)vairəs/ n.  any of a group of viruses including the influenza virus 黏病毒(包括流感病毒)

mélange /meiˈlɒ˜ʒ/ n.  a mixture; a medley 混合物；大杂烩 [French, from mêler ‘mix’ (as MEDDLE)]

ménage /meiˈnɑ:ʒ/ n.  the members of a household 家庭成员 [Old French manaige, ultimately from Latin (as MANSION)]

ménage ɑˋ trois /meiˌnɑ:ʒ ɑ: ˈtrwɑ:, 法 menaʒ a trwɑ/ n. (pl. ménages ɑˋ trois pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an arrangement in which three people live together, usu. a married couple and the lover of one of them 三角家庭(通常夫妇与其中一方的情人同居) [French, = household of three (as MÉNAGE)]

mésalliance /meˈzæliəns, 法 mezaljɑ˜s/ n.  a marriage with a person of a lower social position 与社会地位低下的人的婚姻 [French (as MIS-2, ALLIANCE)]

méthode champenoise /meiˌtəʊd ʃɒ˜pənˈwɑ:z/ n.  1  the method of introducing a sparkle into wine by allowing the last stage of fermentation to take place in the bottle 使酒起泡的方法 2  a sparkling wine made in this way (用这种方法制成的)起泡酒 [French, = champagne method]

métier /ˈmetjei, 法 metje/ n.  1  one's trade, profession, or department of activity 行业；职业；工作 2  one's forte 专长 [French, ultimately from Latin ministerium ‘service’]

mêlée /ˈmelei/ n. (US [美] melee)  1  a confused fight, skirmish, or scuffle 混战；小冲突；大打出手 2  a muddle 混乱 [French (as MEDLEY)]

Möbius strip /ˈmɜ:biəs/ n. Math.  a one-sided surface formed by joining the ends of a rectangle after twisting one end through 180° 【数】麦比乌斯带 [named after A. F. Möbius, German mathematician d. 1868]

Müllerian mimicry /mʊˈliəriən/ n. Zool.  a form of mimicry in which two or more noxious animals develop similar patterns of coloration etc. as a shared protective device 【动】米勒氏拟态(两种或两种以上有毒动物互相模拟相似的色彩图案等作为保护) [named after J.F.T. Müller, German zoologist d. 1897]

'n /(ə)n/ conj. (also 亦作 'n') colloq. [口]  and 和，与 [abbreviation]

N1 /en/ n. (also 亦作 n) (pl. Ns or N's)  1  the fourteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 14 个字母 2 Printing  en 【印刷】西文铅字对开，西文铅字半身

N2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 N.)  1  North; Northern  2 Chess 【棋类】  knight  3  New  4  nuclear 

N3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element nitrogen 【化】(化学元素)氮 2  newton(s) 

n1 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 n.)  1  name  2  neuter  3  noon  4  note 

n2 symb. [符]  1 Math.  an indefinite number 【数】不定的数 2  nano- 毫微 □ to the nth (or nth degree)   1 Math.  to any required power 【数】达到要求的乘方 2  to any extent; to the utmost 到某种程度；至最大限度

-n1 suffix  see 见 -EN2 

-n2 suffix  see 见 -EN3 

Na symb. Chem.  the element sodium [符]【化】(化学元素)钠 [modern Latin natrium]

n/a abbr. [缩略]  1  not applicable 不适用的；不合适的 2  not available 不可利用的；不可获得的

na /nə/ adv. (in comb. 用于复合词 ; usu. with an auxiliary verb 通常与助动词连用) Sc. [苏格兰]  = NOT I canna do it  我不能做 they didna go  他们没去 

NAAFI /ˈnæfi/ abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Navy, Army, and Air Force Institutes 海陆空小卖店经营机构 2  a canteen for service personnel run by the NAAFI (海陆空小卖店经营机构经营的)小吃部；小卖部

naan var.  of NAN2  NAN2 的变体

nab /næb/ v. tr. (nabbed, nabbing) slang [俚语]  1  arrest; catch in wrongdoing 逮捕；当场捉住 2  seize, grab 抓住；抓紧 [17th c., also napp, as in KIDNAP: origin unknown]

nabob /ˈneibɒb/ n.  1 hist.  a Muslim official or governor under the Mughal empire [史义] (莫卧儿帝国时代的伊斯兰)地方行政长官 2  a person of conspicuous wealth or high rank, esp. hist. one returned from India with a fortune 有显赫财富(或地位)的人 ([尤史义]从印度带回大笔财富的人) [Portuguese nababo or Spanish nabab, from Urdu (as NAWAB)]

nacelle /nəˈsel/ n.  1  the outer casing of the engine of an aircraft (飞机的)引擎机舱 2  the car of an airship (飞船的)吊舱 [French, from Late Latin navicella, diminutive of Latin navis ‘ship’]

nacho /ˈnɑ:tʃəʊ, ˈnætʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a tortilla chip, usu. topped with melted cheese and spices etc. (通常在表面上有乳酪和香料等的)烤干酪辣味玉米片 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

NACODS /ˈneikɒds/ abbr. (in the UK) National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies, and Shot-firers [缩略] (英国)全国煤矿监工和代理及爆破工协会

nacre /ˈneikə/ n.  mother-of-pearl from any shelled mollusc 珍珠母 □ nacreous  /ˈneikriəs/ adj.  珍珠质的；有光彩的 [French]

NAD abbr. Biochem.  nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme important in many biological oxidation reactions [缩略]【生化】烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸

Nadia /ˈnɑ:diə/   纳迪亚 [人名]

nadir /ˈneidiə/ n.  1  the part of the celestial sphere directly below an observer (opp. 反义 ZENITH) 天底 2  the lowest point in one's fortunes; a time of deep despair (运气的)最低点；情绪最低点 [Middle English via Old French from Arabic nazīr (as-samt) ‘opposite (to the zenith) ’]

naevus /ˈni:vəs/ n. (US [美] nevus) (pl. naevi /-vai/)  1  a birthmark in the form of a raised red patch on the skin (皮肤上的红斑)胎痣；胎记 2  = MOLE2  [Latin]

naff1 /næf/ v. intr. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1 (in imper. 用于祈使句 , foll. by 后跟 off)  go away 走开 2 (as 作 naffing adj.)  used as an intensive to express annoyance etc. (表达烦恼等的一种强烈方式)滚，滚蛋 [probably euphemism for FUCK: cf. EFF]

naff2 /næf/ adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  unfashionable, tasteless 不时髦的；庸俗的 2  worthless, rubbishy 无价值的；破烂的 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Naffy /ˈnæfi/ n. slang [俚语]  = NAAFI  [phonetic spelling]

nag1 /næɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (nagged, nagging)  1  a tr.  annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging (因不断找茬或不停催促而)激怒；使(人)恼怒b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  find fault, complain, or urge, esp. persistently (尤指不断地)挑错；唠叨；催促 2 intr. (of a pain) ache dully but persistently (痛楚)持续地疼痛 3  a tr.  worry or preoccupy (a person, the mind, etc.) 使(人)烦恼；使(大脑等)集中精力  his mistake nagged him  错误使他烦恼b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  worry or gnaw 困扰；折磨 ●n.  a persistently nagging person 爱唠叨的人 □ nagger  n.  □ naggingly  adv.   [of dialect, perhaps Scandinavian or Low German, origin: cf. Norwegian & Swedish nagga ‘gnaw, irritate’, Low German (g)naggen ‘provoke’]

nag2 /næɡ/ n.  1 colloq.  a horse [口]马 2  a small riding-horse or pony 小坐骑，小马 [Middle English: origin unknown]

Nagasaki /ˌnɑ:gɑ:ˈsɑ:ki:/ n.  长崎 [日本港市]

Nah. abbr.  Nahum (Old Testament) [缩略] 《那鸿书》(《圣经·旧约》)

Nahuatl /ˈnɑ:wɑ:t(ə)l, nɑ:ˈwɑ:t(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a group of peoples native to southern Mexico and Central America, including the Aztecs 纳瓦特尔人(墨西哥南部和中美洲的土著，包括阿兹特克人) 2  the language of these people 纳瓦特尔语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Nahuatl peoples or language (有关)纳瓦特尔人的；(有关)纳瓦特尔语的 □ Nahuatlan  adj.   [Spanish from Nahuatl]

naiad /ˈnaiæd/ n. (pl. naiads or -des /-əˌdi:z/)  1 Mythol.  a water nymph 【神话】水女神 2  the larva of a dragonfly etc. (蜻蜓等的)稚虫 3  any aquatic plant of the genus Najas, with narrow leaves and small flowers 茨藻(有狭窄的叶子并开小花的水生植物) [Latin Naïas Naïad- from Greek Naias -ados, from naō ‘flow’]

nail /neil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small usu. sharpened metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven in with a hammer to join things together or to serve as a peg, protection (cf. 参见 HOBNAIL), or decoration (通常为金属的)钉子 2  a  a horny covering on the upper surface of the tip of the finger and toe in humans and other primates 指甲b  a claw or talon 趾甲；爪c  a hard growth on the upper mandible of some soft-billed birds (鸟软喙上的)硬甲壳 3 hist.  a measure of cloth length (equal to 2(1/4) inches) [史义]纳尔(丈量布料的长度单位，等于 2.25 英寸) ●v. tr.  1  fasten with a nail or nails 钉住；钉牢  nailed it to the beam  把它钉到梁上 nailed the planks together  把木板钉在一起 2  fix or keep (a person, attention, etc.) fixed 盯住(某人)；集中(注意力等)于 3  a  secure, catch, or get hold of (a person or thing) 使(东西)牢固；抓住，握住(人或东西)b  expose or discover (a lie or a liar) 揭露(或发现) (说谎或说谎者) □ hard as nails   1  callous; unfeeling 麻木的；无情的；冷酷的 2  in good physical condition 身体强壮的□ nail one's colours to the mast   persist; refuse to give in 坚持；不放弃□ nail down   1  bind (a person) to a promise etc. 使(某人)信守诺言(允诺等) 2  define precisely 精确界定 3  fasten (a thing) with nails 用钉(把某物)钉牢□ nail in a person's coffin   something thought to increase the risk of death 加速灭亡的原因□ nail up   1  close (a door etc.) with nails 用钉子(把门等)封上 2  fix (a thing) at a height with nails 把(某物)钉在高处□ on the nail  (esp. of payment) without delay (尤指付款)立刻；当场  cash on the nail  当场兑现□ nailed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ nailless  adj.   [Old English nœgel, nœglan, from Germanic]

nail-biting adj.  causing severe anxiety or tension 导致特别焦虑(或紧张)的

nail brush n.  a small brush for cleaning the nails (用以清洁指甲的)小指甲刷

nail enamel n. N. Amer. [北美]  = NAIL POLISH 

nailer /ˈneilə/ n.  a nail-maker 制钉者 □ nailery  n.  

nail file n.  a roughened metal or emery strip used for smoothing the nails 指甲锉

nail head n. Archit.  an ornament like the head of a nail 【建】钉头状装饰

nail polish n.  a varnish applied to the nails to colour them or make them shiny 指甲油

nail punch n. (also 亦作 nail set)  a tool for sinking the head of a nail below a surface 压钉器

nail scissors n. pl.  small curved scissors for trimming the nails 指甲剪

nail varnish n. Brit. [英]  = NAIL POLISH 

nainsook /ˈneinsʊk/ n.  a fine soft cotton fabric, originally Indian 南苏克布(原产于印度的一种细纹而柔软的棉织物) [Hindi nainsukh, from nain ‘eye’ + sukh ‘pleasure’]

naira /ˈnairə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Nigeria (尼日利亚的主要货币单位)奈拉 [contraction of Nigeria]

Nairobi /naiˈrəubi/ n.  内罗毕 [肯尼亚首都]

naive /naiˈi:v, nɑ:ˈi:v/ adj. (also 亦作 naïve)  1  artless; innocent; unaffected 自然的；天真的；不矫揉造作的 2  foolishly credulous; simple 轻信的；幼稚的 3 (of art etc.) produced in a sophisticated society but deliberately rejecting conventional expertise (艺术等)朴实的 □ naively  adv.  □ naiveness  n.   [French, fem. of naïf, from Latin nativus NATIVE]

naivety /naiˈi:vti, nɑ:ˈi:vti/ n. (also 亦作 naïvety, naïveté /naiˈi:vtei, nɑ:-, 法 naivte/) (pl. -ies or naïvetés)  1  the state or quality of being naive 天真；幼稚；轻信 2  a naive action 天真(幼稚、轻信)的行为 [French naïveté (as NAIVE)]

naked /ˈneikid/ adj.  1  without clothes; nude 裸体的；无点缀的 2  plain; undisguised; exposed 明显的；无伪装的；无掩蔽的  the naked truth  赤裸裸的事实 his naked soul  他坦露的心灵 3 (of a light, flame, etc.) unprotected from the wind etc.; unshaded (灯光、火焰等) (对风等)无保护的；没有遮拦的 4  defenceless 无防卫的；易受攻击的 5  without addition, comment, support, evidence, etc. 无任何添加(评论、支持、证据等)的  his naked word  单单他的话而已 naked assertion  无证据的断言 6  a (of landscape) barren; treeless (风景)光禿的；无树的b (of rock) exposed; without soil etc. (岩石)裸露(无泥土等覆盖)的 7 (of a sword etc.) unsheathed (剑等)出鞘的 8 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  devoid; without 缺乏的；没有的 9  without leaves, hairs, scales, shell, etc. 没有树叶(毛发、鳞、壳等)的 10 (of a room, wall, etc.) without decoration, furnishings, etc.; empty, plain (房间、墙壁等)没有装饰(家具等)的；空的；简单的 □ nakedly  adv.  □ nakedness  n.   [Old English nacod, from Germanic]

naked ape n. (prec. by 前接 the)  present-day man (现代)人

naked eye n. (prec. by 前接 the)  unassisted vision, e.g. without a telescope, microscope, etc. 肉眼(如不用望远镜、显微镜等)

naked ladies n. pl. (also 亦作 naked boys)  the meadow saffron or autumn crocus 秋水仙

naker /ˈneikə/ n. hist.  a kettledrum [史义]定音鼓，铜鼓 [Middle English via Old French nacre nacaire from Arabic nakkɑˉra ‘drum’]

NALGO /ˈnælɡəʊ/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) National and Local Government Officers' Association, merged with COHSE and NUPE in 1993 to form UNISON [缩略] [史义] (英国)全国与地方政府公务员协会(在 1993 年与 COHSE 和 NUPE 合并构成 UNISON)

Nama /ˈnɑ:mə/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Namas)  1  a member of a people of S. Africa and Namibia (南部非州和纳米比亚的)纳马族人 2  the language of this people 纳马语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)纳马人的；(有关)纳马语的 [Nama]■Usage 用法说明 The term Hottentot is sometimes used for this people and language, but it is often considered to be offensive. Hottentot 有时用来指纳马人或纳马语，但常被认为具冒犯性。 

namby-pamby /næmbiˈpæmbi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lacking vigour or drive; weak 缺乏精力(动力)的；虚弱的 2  insipidly pretty or sentimental 毫无生气的；柔弱的；伤感的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a namby-pamby person 性格软弱的人；婆婆妈妈的人 2  namby-pamby talk 无病呻吟的语言；矫揉造作的谈话 [fanciful formulation on name of Ambrose Philips, English pastoral writer d. 1749]

name /neim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the word by which an individual person, animal, place, or thing is known, spoken of, etc. (人、动物、地方及物等的)名字  mentioned him by name  提及他的名字 her name is Joanna  她的名字叫乔安娜b  all who go under one name; a family, clan, or people in terms of its name 姓  all the clans hostile to the name of Campbell  所有的宗族对坎贝尔这个姓都怀有敌意 2  a  a usu. abusive term used of a person etc. (针对人的谩骂性的)绰号，外号  called him names  骂他b  a word denoting an object or esp. a class of objects, ideas, etc. 名称(表示一个物体，尤指一类物体和概念等的词)  what is the name of that kind of vase?  那种花瓶的名称是什么？ that sort of behaviour has no name  那种行为师出无名 3  a famous person 大人物  many great names were there  许多大人物都在那里 4  a reputation, esp. a good one 名誉(尤指好名声)  has a name for honesty  以诚实著称 their name is guarantee enough  他们的名声足以用作担保 5  something existing only nominally (opp. 反义 FACT, REALITY) 名义，虚名 6 (作 attrib.)  widely known 众所周知的  a name brand of shampoo  一种众人熟知的洗发剂 7  an underwriter of a Lloyd's syndicate 劳埃德联合企业的保险商 ●v. tr.  1  give a usu. specified name to 命名(通常特定的名字)  named the dog Spot  把这只狗叫“点子” 2  call (a person or thing) by the right name 说出(人、物)的名字(或名称)  named the man in the photograph  说出照片中人的名字 3  mention; specify; cite 提及；说明；引用  named his requirements  提及他的要求 4  nominate, appoint, etc. 提名(任命等)  was named the new chairman  被任命为新主席 5  specify as something desired 指定，决定  named it as her dearest wish  认定这是她最大的愿望 6 Brit. Parl. (of the Speaker) mention (an MP) as disobedient to the chair [英] [议] (议长)点(议员的)名(以谴责对主席的不服从) □ by name   called 叫(称)作  Tom by name  名叫汤姆□ have to one's name   possess 占有，拥有□ in all but name   virtually 事实上□ in name (or name only)   as a mere formality; hardly at all 在名义上，徒有虚名的  is the leader in name only  只是名义上的领导□ in a person's name   = in the name of □ in the name of   calling to witness; invoking 请…作证，以…的名义，为…的缘故  in the name of goodness  实实在在□ in one's own name   independently; without authority 用自己的名义；擅自的□ make a name for oneself   become famous 成名□ name after (N. Amer. also [北美亦] for)   call (a person) by the name of (a specified person) (以特定的人的名字而)命名  named him after his uncle Roger  他随他舅父叫罗杰□ name the day   arrange a date (esp. of a woman fixing the date for her wedding) 定日子(尤指妇女确定婚礼的日子)□ name names   mention specific names, esp. in accusation (尤指在指控中)指名道姓，公开点名□ name of the game  colloq.  the purpose or essence of an action etc. [口] (行为等)最紧要的东西；本质的东西□ of (or by) the name of   called 名叫□ put one's name down for   1  apply for 报名 2  promise to subscribe (a sum) 为(款项)签名认捐□ what's in a name?   names are arbitrary labels 名称代表什么？(名字只不过是标志而已)□ you name it  colloq.  no matter what; whatever you like [口]无论什么；凡是你喜欢的□ nameable  adj.   [Old English nama, noma, (ge)namian from Germanic: related to Latin nomen, Greek onoma]

name-calling n.  abusive language 辱骂

name-child n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) Brit.  one named after another person [英]用他人名字命名的孩子

name-day n.  1  the feast day of a saint after whom a person is named 与本人同名的圣徒纪念日 2 Brit. [英]  = TICKET-DAY 

name-dropping n.  the familiar mention of famous people as a form of boasting 抬出名人用以抬高自己 □ name-drop  v. intr. (-dropped, -dropping)  □ name-dropper  n.  

nameless /ˈneimlis/ adj.  1  having no name or name-inscription 没有名字的；没有署名的 2  inexpressible; indefinable 不可名状的，不可言传的；不确定的  a nameless sensation  一种无可名状的感觉 3  unnamed; anonymous, esp. deliberately (尤指故意)不透露姓名的，匿名的  our informant, who shall be nameless  我们不应透露线人的姓名 4  too loathsome or horrific to be named 说不出口的；难以形容的  nameless vices  丑恶不堪的恶行 5  obscure; inglorious 无名的；不出名的 6  illegitimate 不法的；私生的 □ namelessly  adv.  □ namelessness  n.  

namely /ˈneimli/ adv.  that is to say; in other words 即，换句话说

name part n.  the title role in a play etc. (戏剧等中的)剧名角色

nameplate /ˈneimpleit/ n.  a plate or panel bearing the name of an occupant of a room etc. (嵌有房屋等拥有者名字的)名牌

namesake /ˈneimseik/ n.  a person or thing having the same name as another 同名人；同名物  was her aunt's namesake  与她婶同名 [probably from the phrase for the name's sake]

name-tape n.  a tape fixed to a garment etc. and bearing the name of the owner (在衣服等上面的)标有姓名的布条

Namibia   纳米比亚

Namibian /nəˈmibiən/ adj. & n.  纳米比亚的(人)

namma var.  of GNAMMA  GNAMMA 的变体

Nan /næn/   南 [人名]

nan1 /næn/ n. Brit. colloq.  grandmother [英口]祖母 [childish pronunciation]

nan2 /nɑ:n/ n. (also 亦作 naan) (in Indian cookery) a type of leavened bread cooked esp. in a clay oven (印度烹饪术中尤指在土灶中烤制的)发酵面包 [Persian & Urdu nɑˉn]

nana1 /ˈnɑ:nə/ n. slang  a silly person; a fool [俚语]糊涂人；傻瓜 [perhaps from BANANA]

nana2 /ˈnænə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] nanna) colloq.  grandmother [口]祖母 [as NAN1]

Nancy /ˈnænsi/   南希 [人名]

nancy /ˈnænsi/ n. & adj. offens. (also 亦作 nance /næns/) slang [冒犯] [俚语] ●n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 nancy boy)  an effeminate man, esp. a homosexual 女人气的男人(尤指同性恋者) ●adj.  effeminate 女人气的 [pet form of the name Ann]

nankeen /næŋˈki:n, næn-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a yellowish cotton cloth (南京)黄色棉布 2  a yellowishbuff colour 淡黄色 3 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers of nankeen 黄色棉布裤子 ●adj.  1  made of nankeen 用黄色棉布做的 2  of the yellowish-buff colour of nankeen 淡黄色的 [Nankin(g) in China, where originally made]

nanna var.  of NANA2  NANA2 的变体

nanny /ˈnæni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a child's nurse 小孩的保姆b Brit.  an unduly protective person, institution, etc. [英]保护性过强的人(机构等)  the nanny state  充当保姆的国家 2  = NAN1  3 (in full 全称 nanny goat)  a female goat 母山羊 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  be unduly protective towards 对…予以过分保护 [formed as NANCY]

nano- /ˈnænəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 10-9 (nanosecond 毫微秒) [构词成分]表示“毫微” [Latin, from Greek nanos ‘dwarf’]

nanometre /ˈnænə(ʊ)mi:tə/ n.  one thousand-millionth of a metre 毫微米，纳米

nanosecond /ˈnænə(ʊ)sekənd/ n.  one thousand-millionth of a second 毫微秒

nanotechnology /ˌnænə(ʊ)tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, esp. the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules 毫微技术，纳米技术(涉及少于 100 毫微米的尺寸或公差，尤指对个体原子和分子的操作) □ nanotechnological  /ˌnænə(ʊ)teknəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ nanotechnologist  n.  

Naomi /ˈneiəmi/   内奥米 [人名]

naos /ˈneiɒs/ n. (pl. naoi /ˈneiɔi/) Gk Antiq.  the inner part of a temple [古希腊]教堂的内部，内殿，内堂 [Greek, = temple]

nap1 /næp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (napped, napping)  sleep lightly or briefly 小睡 ●n.  a short sleep or doze, esp. by day (尤指白天)小睡；打瞌睡  took a nap  打个盹 □ catch a person napping   1  find a person asleep or off guard 发现某人打瞌睡偷懒(不尽职守) 2  detect in negligence or error 发现疏忽(错误) [Old English hnappian, related to Old High German (h)naffezan ‘to slumber’]

nap2 /næp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the raised pile on textiles, esp. velvet (尤指绒布上的突起)绒毛 2  a soft downy surface 柔软的绒毛表面 3 Austral. colloq.  blankets, bedding, swag [澳口]毯子；床上用品；行囊 ●v. tr. (napped, napping)  raise a nap on (cloth) 使(布)起绒 □ napless  adj.   [Middle English noppe from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German noppe ‘nap’, noppen ‘trim nap from’]

nap3 /næp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a form of whist in which players declare the number of tricks they expect to take, up to five 纳普牌游戏(一种惠斯特牌游戏，玩者自报他们所期望赢得的墩数，最高是 5 墩)b  a call of five in this game 自报满贯(即全胜 5 墩) 2 Brit. [英]  a  the betting of all one's money on one horse etc. (把所有的钱都押到一匹马或其他赌注上的)孤注一掷b  a tipster's choice for this 赛马情报贩子所选赌注 ●v. tr. (napped, napping) Brit.  name (a horse etc.) as a probable winner [英]预测(一匹马等)为获胜者 □ go nap   1  attempt to take all five tricks in nap (在纳普牌戏中冒险)自报满贯(全拿 5 墩) 2  risk everything in one attempt 孤注一掷 3  win all the matches etc. in a series (在连续比赛等中)屡战屡捷□ not go nap on  Austral. colloq.  not be too keen on; not care much for [澳口]对…不敏锐的；对…不关心的 [abbreviation of NAPOLEON, the original name of the game]

napa var.  of NAPPA  NAPPA 的变体

napalm /ˈneipɑ:m, ˈnæ-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thickening agent produced from naphthenic acid, other fatty acids, and aluminium 纳旁(一种铝皂) 2  a jellied petrol made from this, used in incendiary bombs (一种用纳旁制造的)凝固汽油(通常用以制造燃烧弹) ●v. tr.  attack with napalm bombs 用凝固汽油炸弹攻击 [NAPHTHENIC + PALMITIC ACID]

nape /neip/ n. (in full 全称 nape of the neck)  the back of the neck 颈背 [Middle English: origin unknown]

napery /ˈneip(ə)ri/ n. Sc. or archaic  household linen, esp. table linen [苏格兰] [古义] (家庭用的)亚麻制品(尤指亚麻的餐桌布) [Middle English from Old French naperie, from nape (as NAPKIN)]

nap hand n.  a good winning position worth risking in a venture 可望获胜的冒险境况

naphtha /ˈnæfθə/ n.  an inflammable oil obtained by the dry distillation of organic substances such as coal, shale, or petroleum 石脑油(通过对有机物如煤、页岩或石油干馏而获得的易燃油) [Latin from Greek, = inflammable volatile liquid issuing from the earth, of oriental origin]

naphthalene /ˈnæfθəli:n/ n.  a white crystalline aromatic substance produced by the distillation of coal tar and used in mothballs and the manufacture of dyes etc. 萘(通过蒸馏煤焦油而获得的白色水晶状的有香味的物质，用于樟脑球和颜料等的制造) □ naphthalic  /-ˈθælik/ adj.   [NAPHTHA + -ENE]

naphthene /ˈnæfθi:n/ n. Chem.  any of a group of cycloalkanes (including cyclohexane) obtained from petroleum 【化】(从石油中提炼的)环烷属烃(包括环己烷) [NAPHTHA + -ENE]

naphthenic /næfˈθi:nik/ adj.  of a naphthene or its radical 环烷的；环烷基的

naphthenic acid n.  any carboxylic acid resulting from the refining of petroleum (从石油中提炼的任何一种羧酸)环烷酸

Napierian logarithm /neiˈpiəriən/ n.  = NATURAL LOGARITHM  [named after J. Napier, Scots mathematician d. 1617]

napkin /ˈnæpkin/ n.  1 (in full 全称 table napkin)  a square piece of linen, paper, etc. used for wiping the lips, fingers, etc. at meals, or serving fish etc. on; a serviette (亚麻、纸质等)餐巾；餐巾纸(通常餐时擦嘴、手指等) 2 Brit.  a baby's nappy [英]婴儿的尿布 3  a small towel 小手巾 4 (in full 全称 sanitary napkin) N. Amer. [北美]  = SANITARY TOWEL  [Middle English via Old French nappe from Latin mappa: see MAP]

napkin ring n.  a ring used to hold (and distinguish) a person's table napkin when not in use (餐巾的)套环

napoleon /nəˈpəʊliən/ n.  1 hist.  a gold twenty-franc piece minted in the reign of Napoleon I [史义] (拿破仑统治时期铸造的) 20 法郎金币 2 hist.  a 19th-c. high boot [史义] (19 世纪流行的)高筒靴 3  = NAP3  4 N. Amer. [北美]  = MILLEFEUILLE  [French napoléon from Napoléon, name of 19th-c. French emperors]

Napoleonic /nəpəʊliˈɒnik/ adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of Napoleon I or his time (有关)拿破仑一世的；(有关)拿破仑一世时代特色的；(有关)拿破仑一世时代的

nappa /ˈnæpə/ n. (also 亦作 napa)  a soft leather made by a special process from the skin of sheep or goats 纳帕革(绵羊皮和山羊皮，经过特殊加工而制成的一种柔软的皮革) [Napa in California]

nappe /næp/ n. Geol.  a sheet of rock that has moved sideways over neighbouring strata, usu. as a result of overthrust 【地质】推覆体(通常由于逆掩断层的作用而使岩层侧移至邻近地层的一大片岩石) [French nappe ‘tablecloth’]

napper /ˈnæpə/ n. Brit. slang  the head [英] [俚语]头，脑袋 [18th c.: origin uncertain]

nappy /ˈnæpi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a piece of towelling or other absorbent material wrapped round a baby to absorb or retain urine and faeces [英]尿布 [abbreviation of NAPKIN]

nappy rash n.  inflammation of a baby's skin, caused by prolonged contact with a damp nappy 尿布疹(由于长时间与湿尿布接触而使婴儿皮肤发炎)

narc /nɑ:k/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  an official narcotics agent [尤北美] [俚语]缉毒探员 [abbreviation of NARCOTIC]

narceine /ˈnɑ:sii:n, -si:n/ n.  a narcotic alkaloid obtained from opium 那碎因(一种从鸦片中提取的麻醉生物碱) [French narcéine from Greek narkē ‘numbness’]

narcissism /ˈnɑ:sisiz(ə)m, nɑ:ˈsis-/ n. Psychol.  excessive or erotic interest in oneself, one's physical features, etc. 【心】(对自己、身体特征等的)自我陶醉；自恋 □ narcissist  n.  □ narcissistic  /-ˈsistik/ adj.  □ narcissistically  /-ˈsistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin Narcissus from Greek Narkissos, the name of a youth who fell in love with his reflection in a pool]

narcissus /nɑ:ˈsisəs/ n. (pl. narcissi /-sai/ or narcissuses)  any bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, esp. N. poeticus bearing a heavily scented single flower with an undivided corona edged with crimson and yellow 水仙属植物(任何一种球茎状石蒜科植物，尤指诗人水仙) [Latin from Greek narkissos, perhaps from narkē ‘numbness’, with reference to its narcotic effects]

narcolepsy /ˈnɑ:kəlepsi/ n. Med.  a disease with fits of sleepiness and drowsiness 【医】发作性睡病 □ narcoleptic  /-ˈleptik/ adj. & n.   [Greek narkoō ‘make numb’, on the pattern of EPILEPSY]

narcosis /nɑ:ˈkəʊsis/ n.  1 Med.  the working or effects of soporific narcotics 【医】麻醉作用(或效果) 2  a state of insensibility 昏迷状态 [Greek narkōsis from narkoō ‘make numb’]

narcoterrorism /nɑ:kəʊˈterəriz(ə)m/ n.  terrorism associated with illicit drugs, esp. directed against law enforcement (尤指针对执法的)毒品恐怖主义 □ narcoterrorist  n.   [narco- comb. form from Greek narkē ‘numbness’, or from NARCOTIC, + TERRORISM (see TERRORIST)]

narcotic /nɑ:ˈkɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a substance) inducing drowsiness, sleep, stupor, or insensibility (物质)导致昏昏欲睡(麻木、无感觉或无知觉)的 2 (of a drug etc.) affecting the mind (药物等)影响大脑的 3  of or involving narcosis (有关)麻醉的；(有关)麻醉剂的 4  soporific 催眠的；引起酣睡的 ●n.  a narcotic substance, drug, or influence 麻醉物品，麻药；麻药的影响 □ narcotically  adv.  □ narcotism  /ˈnɑ:kətiz(ə)m/ n.  □ narcotize  /ˈnɑ:kətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ narcotization  /nɑ:kətaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French narcotique or medieval Latin from Greek narkōtikos (as NARCOSIS)]

nard /nɑ:d/ n.  1  any of various aromatic plants of the valerian family, esp. (in full 全称 Celtic nard) Valeriana celtica of European mountains (有不同香味的)缬草科植物(尤指欧洲山脉的甘松) 2  = SPIKENARD 1  [Middle English via Latin nardus from Greek nardos, from Sanskrit nalada, narada]

nardoo /nɑ:ˈdu:, ˈnɑ:du:/ n.  1  a clover-like plant, Marsilea quadrifolia, native to Australia (澳大利亚)大柄苹 2  a food made from the spores of this plant 大柄苹孢子粉(用该植物的孢子所做的食物) [various Aboriginal languages ngardu, nhaadu]

nares /ˈnɛəri:z/ n. pl. Anat.  the nostrils 【解】鼻孔 □ narial  adj.   [pl. of Latin naris]

narghile /ˈnɑ:ɡilei, -li/ n.  an oriental tobacco pipe with the smoke drawn through water; a hookah (东方人抽的)水烟袋(筒) [Persian nɑˉrgīl ‘coconut, hookah’ from Sanskrit narikela ‘coconut’, partly via French nargileh and Turkish nargile]

nark /nɑ:k/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1 Brit.  a police informer or decoy [英]警察的眼线，密探 2 Austral.  an annoying person or thing [澳]恼人的人(或事物) ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Brit.  annoy; infuriate [英]使恼怒，激怒  was narked by their attitude  被他们的态度所激怒 □ nark it!   stop that! 停止 [Romany nɑˉk ‘nose’]

narky /ˈnɑ:ki/ adj. (narkier, narkiest) Brit. slang  bad-tempered, irritable [英] [俚语]脾气坏的，易恼怒的 [NARK]

Narragansett /nærəˈɡænsət/ n.  an Algonquian language of Rhode Island, US, now virtually extinct 纳拉干西特语(美国罗得岛州说的一种阿尔冈昆语，现已灭绝) [Algonquian, = people of the small point (of land)]

narrate /nəˈreit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  give a continuous story or account of 叙述，讲述 2  provide a spoken commentary or accompaniment for (a film etc.) 对(电影等)评论；旁白 □ narratable  adj.  □ narration  /nəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin narrare narrat-]

narrative /ˈnærətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a spoken or written account of connected events in order of happening (按发生的顺序对相关连的事件的口头和书面的)叙述，讲述 2  the practice or art of narration 记事，记叙艺术 ●adj.  in the form of, or concerned with, narration 以叙述形式的，与叙述有关的  narrative verse  叙事诗 □ narratively  adv.   [French narratif -ive from Late Latin narrativus (as NARRATE)]

narratology /nærəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure and function of narrative 叙述学 □ narratological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ narratologist  n.  

narrator /nəˈreitə/ n.  1  a person who narrates, esp. a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem 叙述者(尤指讲述小说或叙述诗的讲述者) 2  an actor, announcer, etc. who delivers a commentary in a film, broadcast, etc. (电影、广播等的)旁白者；解说者(叙事人等) [Latin (as NARRATE)]

narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (narrower, narrowest)  1  a  of small width in proportion to length; lacking breadth 窄的；狭窄的b  confined or confining; constricted 受限制的；有限制的；狭隘的  within narrow bounds  在小范围内 2  of limited scope; restricted 范围小的；有局限的  in the narrowest sense  从极端狭义上 3  with little margin 余地有限的，紧巴巴的  a narrow escape  死里逃生 4  searching; precise; exact 仔细的；严格的；精确的  a narrow examination  仔细的检查 5  = NARROW-MINDED  6 (of a vowel) tense (元音)窄的，紧的 7  of small size (尺寸)小的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  the narrow part of a strait, river, sound, etc. (海峡、河流、声音等的)狭窄部分 2  a narrow pass or street 狭谷；窄道 ●v.  1 intr.  become narrow; diminish; contract; lessen 变窄；减少；缩小；变少 2 tr.  make narrow; constrict; restrict 使变窄；使收缩；使限制 □ narrowish  adj.  □ narrowly  adv.  □ narrowness  n.   [Old English nearu nearw-, from Germanic]

narrow boat n. Brit.  a canal boat, esp. one less than 7 ft (2.1 metres) wide [英] (尤指宽 7 英尺 (2.1 公尺)以下的)运河船

narrowcast /ˈnærə(ʊ)kɑ:st/ v. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●v. intr. & tr. (past and past part. narrowcast or narrowcasted)  transmit (a television programme etc.), esp. by cable, to an audience targeted by interests or location (尤指通过电缆为有兴趣的、特定地点的观众)播送(电视节目等) ●n.  1  transmitting in this way 电缆电视播送 2  a transmission or programme of this kind 电缆播送电视；电缆播送的节目 □ narrowcaster  n.  □ narrowcasting  n.  

narrow circumstances n. pl.  poverty 贫穷；贫困

narrow gauge n.  a railway track that has a smaller gauge than the standard one (铁路)窄轨

narrow-minded adj.  rigid or restricted in one's views, intolerant, prejudiced, illiberal 胸襟狭窄的；思想偏狭的；气量小的；偏执的 □ narrow-mindedly  adv.  □ narrow-mindedness  n.  

narrow seas n. pl.  the English Channel and the Irish Sea 英吉利海峡及爱尔兰海

narrow squeak n. Brit. [英]  1  a narrow escape 死里逃生 2  a success barely attained 勉强的成功

narthex /ˈnɑ:θeks/ n.  1  a railed-off antechamber or porch etc. at the western entrance of some early Christian churches, used by catechumens, penitents, etc. (基督教古教堂的)前厅(门廊等) (位于西入口处供慕道友和忏悔者等用) 2  a similar antechamber in a modern church (现代教堂相类似的)前厅；门廊 [Latin from Greek narthēx ‘giant fennel, stick, casket, narthex’]

narwhal /ˈnɑ:w(ə)l/ n.  a small Arctic whale, Monodon monoceros, the male of which has a long straight spirally twisted tusk developed from one of its teeth 独角鲸 [Dutch narwal from Danish narhval, from hval ‘whale’: cf. Old Norse nɑˊhvalr (from nɑˊr ‘corpse’, with reference to its skin colour)]

nary /ˈnɛəri/ adj. colloq. or dial.  not a; no [口] [方]一个也没有；没有  nary a one  一个也没有 [ne'er a]

NAS abbr. Brit.  Noise Abatement Society [缩略] [英]减除噪声学会

NASA /ˈnæsə/ abbr. (in the US) National Aeronautics and Space Administration [缩略] (美国)国家航空航天局

nasal /ˈneiz(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, for, or relating to the nose 鼻的；用鼻的；与鼻子有关的 2 Phonet. (of a speech sound) pronounced with the breath passing through the nose, e.g. m, n, ng, or French en, un 【语音】(说话声音)从鼻腔发出的(如 m 、 n 、 ng 或法语的 en 、 un) 3 (of the voice or speech) having an intonation caused by breathing through the nose (声音或讲话)带鼻音的 ●n.  1 Phonet.  a nasal sound 【语音】鼻音 2 hist.  a nose-piece on a helmet [史义]头盔上的护鼻 □ nasality  /-ˈzæliti/ n.  □ nasalize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ nasalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ nasally  adv.   [French nasal or medieval Latin nasalis from Latin nasus ‘nose’]

nascent /ˈnæs(ə)nt, ˈnei-/ adj.  1  in the act of being born 诞生中的 2  just beginning to be; not yet mature 刚开始存在的；尚未成熟的 3 Chem.  just being formed and therefore unusually reactive 【化】初生的(因而特别易反应的)  nascent hydrogen  初生态氢 □ nascency  /ˈnæs(ə)nsi, ˈnei-/ n.   [Latin nasci nascent- ‘be born’]

naseberry /ˈneizb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a sapodilla 人心果 [Spanish & Portuguese néspera ‘medlar’: assimilated to BERRY]

naso- /ˈneizəʊ/ comb. form  nose [构词成分]鼻子(的) [Latin nasus ‘nose’]

nasogastric /neizəʊˈɡæstrik/ adj. Med.  supplying the stomach via the nose 【医】鼻饲的；通过鼻腔供应胃的  nasogastric tube  鼻胃管

nastic /ˈnæstik/ adj. Bot. (of the movement of plant parts) caused by an external stimulus but unaffected in direction by it 【植】(植物某些部分的运动)感性的 [Greek nastos ‘squeezed together’ from nassō ‘to press’]

nasturtium /nəˈstɜ:ʃ(ə)m/ n.  1 (in general use) a trailing plant, Tropaeolum majus, with rounded edible leaves and bright orange, yellow, or red flowers 旱金莲(一般指一种蔓生的植物，其叶圆，可食用，开浅橙，黄色或红色的花朵) 2  any cruciferous plant of the genus Nasturtium, including watercress 旱金莲科的十字花科植物(包括水田芥) [Latin]

nasty /ˈnɑ:sti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (nastier, nastiest)  1  a  highly unpleasant 令人极不愉快的  a nasty experience  一次不快的经历b  annoying; objectionable 烦人的；令人讨厌的  the car has a nasty habit of breaking down  这部车子有爱抛锚的恶习 2  difficult to negotiate; dangerous, serious 难以相处的；危险的；严重的  a nasty fence  危险的栅栏 a nasty question  难应付的问题 a nasty illness  重病 3 (of a person or animal) ill-natured, ill-tempered, spiteful; violent, offensive (人或动物)本质坏的；脾气暴躁的；恶意的；凶猛的；攻击性的  nasty to his mother  对他母亲很凶 turns nasty when he's drunk  喝醉后，他变得脾气暴躁 4 (of the weather) foul, wet, stormy (天气)恶劣的；湿的；(多)暴风雨的 5  a  disgustingly dirty, filthy 肮脏的；丑恶的b  unpalatable; disagreeable 味道差的；令人不快的  nasty smell  令人作呕的气味c (of a wound) septic (伤口)化脓的；感染的 6  a  obscene 淫秽的b  delighting in obscenity 以淫秽的东西取乐的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a nasty person, object, or event 邋遢鬼；下流坯；肮脏的东西；令人不快的事 2  a video nasty 恐怖录像片 □ a nasty bit (or piece) of work  Brit. colloq.  an unpleasant or contemptible person [英口]令人讨厌的人；可鄙的人□ a nasty one   1  a rebuff; a snub 斥责；冷落；怠慢 2  an awkward question 棘手的问题 3  a disabling blow etc. 令人一蹶不振(或严重等)的打击□ nastily  adv.  □ nastiness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

NASUWT abbr. (in the UK) National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Women Teachers [缩略] (英国)全国中小学校长协会和女教师联盟

Nat /næt/   纳特 [人名]

Nat. abbr. [缩略]  1  National  2  Nationalist  3  Natural 

natal /ˈneit(ə)l/ adj.  of or from one's birth 出生的；自诞生起的 [Middle English from Latin natalis (as NATION)]

Natalie /ˈnætəli/   纳塔利 [人名]

natality /nəˈtæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  birth rate 出生率 [French natalité (as NATAL)]

Natasha /nəˈtæʃə/   纳塔莎 [人名]

natation /nəˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal or literary  the act or art of swimming [正式] [文学用语]游泳(技巧) [Latin natatio from natare ‘swim’]

natatorial /neitəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. (also 亦作 natatory /ˈneitət(ə)ri, nəˈteit(ə)ri/) formal [正式]  1  swimming 游泳的 2  of or concerning swimming (有关)游泳运动的 [Late Latin natatorius from Latin natator ‘swimmer’ (as NATATION)]

natatorium /neitəˈtɔ:riəm/ n. N. Amer.  a swimming pool, esp. indoors [北美] (尤指室内)游泳池 [Late Latin, neut. of natatorius (see NATATORIAL)]

natch /nætʃ/ adv. colloq. [口]  = NATURALLY  [abbreviation]

nates /ˈneiti:z/ n. pl. Anat.  the buttocks 【解】臀部 [Latin]

NATFHE abbr. (in the UK) National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education [缩略] (英国)全国继续教育和高等教育教师协会

Nathan /ˈneiθən/   内森 [人名]

Nathaniel /nəˈθænjəl/   纳撒尼尔 [人名]

nathless /ˈneiθlis/ adv. (also 亦作 natheless) archaic  nevertheless [古义]然而；虽然如此 [Middle English from Old English nɑˉ ‘not’ (from ne ‘not’ + ɑˉ ‘ever’) + THE + lœs LESS]

nation /ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a community of people of mainly common descent, history, language, etc., forming a state or inhabiting a territory (具有共同血统、历史、语言等的)国家；民族 2  a tribe or confederation of tribes of N. American Indians 北美印第安人的部落(或联盟) □ nationhood  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin natio -onis, from nasci nat- ‘be born’]

national /ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or common to a nation or the nation 国家的；全体国民的 2  peculiar to or characteristic of a particular nation 国民特有的；民族的 ●n.  1  a citizen of a specified country, usu. entitled to hold that country's passport (通常指具有某国护照的)国民  French nationals  法国国民 2  a fellow countryman 同乡 3 (作 the National)  = GRAND NATIONAL  □ nationally  adv.   [French (as NATION)]

national anthem n.  a song adopted by a nation, expressive of its identity etc. and intended to inspire patriotism (表示其特点等的)国歌

National Assembly n.  1  an elected house of legislature in various countries 国民议会 2 hist.  the elected legislature in France 1789 － 91 [史义] (1789 年至 1791 年法国选举产生的)国民会议

National Assistance n. hist. [史义]  1 (in Britain) the former official name for supplementary benefits under National Insurance (英国) (从前在国家保险制度下，一种补充保障)国家补助 2  such benefits (国家保险制度下的)补充保障

national bank n. US  a bank chartered under the federal government [美]联邦政府特许的银行

national convention n. US  a convention of a major political party, nominating candidates for the presidency etc. [美] (提名总统等候选人的)全国代表大会

national curriculum n.  a common programme of study laid down for pupils in the maintained schools of England and Wales with tests at specified ages 全国性课程纲要(为英格兰和威尔士的公立学校设立的公共学习大纲，并伴有为特定年龄所设计的考试)

national debt n.  the money owed by a state because of loans to it 国债

national football n. Austral.  Australian Rules football [澳]澳大利亚橄榄球运动

National Front n.  a UK political party with extreme reactionary views on immigration etc. 民族阵线(英国的一个对移民等问题持极力反对观点的政党)

national grid n. Brit. [英]  1  the network of high-voltage electric power lines between major power stations (主要电站之间的)全国高压输电线路网 2  the metric system of geographical coordinates used in maps of the British Isles (大不列颠岛地图所用的)地理坐标方格

National Guard n. (in the US) the primary reserve force partly maintained by the states but available for federal use (美国)国民警卫队

National Health n. (also 亦作 National Health Service) (in the UK) a system of national medical care paid for mainly by taxation and started in 1948 (英国) (起源于 1948 年，由税款所支付的)国民保健制度

national income n.  the total money earned within a nation 国民收入

National Insurance n. (in the UK) the system of compulsory payments by employed persons (supplemented by employers) to provide state assistance in sickness, unemployment, retirement, etc. (英国) (由雇佣者和受雇者义务性缴纳的用以为疾病、失业、退休等提供国家援助的)国民保险制度

nationalism /ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  patriotic feeling, principles, etc. (体现在感情、原则等方面的)爱国心；爱国主义b  an extreme form of this; chauvinism 民族主义；沙文主义 2  a policy of national independence 民族独立政策 □ nationalist  n. & adj.  □ nationalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ nationalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

nationality /næʃəˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the status of belonging to a particular nation 国籍  what is your nationality?  你是什么国籍？ has British nationality  拥有英国国籍b  a nation 民族  people of all nationalities  各民族人民 2  the condition of being national; distinctive national qualities 民族性；民族特性 3  an ethnic group forming a part of one or more political nations 种族 4  existence as a nation; nationhood 国家；国家地位 5  patriotic sentiment 爱国情感

nationalize /ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  take over (railways, coal mines, the steel industry, land, etc.) from private ownership on behalf of the State (代表国家对铁路、煤矿、钢铁工业、土地等)收归国有 2  a  make national 使国有化b  make into a nation 使成为全国性 3  naturalize (a foreigner) 使(外国人)归化 □ nationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ nationalizer  n.   [French nationaliser (as NATIONAL)]

national park n.  an area of natural beauty protected by the State for the use of the general public 国家公园

national service n. Brit. hist.  service in the army etc. under conscription [英史义] (在部队等的)兵役

National Socialism n. hist.  the doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, etc., adopted by the Nazis [史义] (纳粹党人所奉行的民族主义、人种纯化等的教条)国家社会主义；纳粹主义 □ National Socialist  n.  

National Trust n. (in the UK, Australia, etc.) an organization for maintaining and preserving historic buildings etc. (英国和澳大利亚等地的)国民托管组织(维持和保护历史上著名的建筑物等的组织)

National Vocational Qualification n. (in the UK) a qualification in a vocational subject set at various levels and (at levels two and three) corresponding in standard to GCSE and GCE A levels (英国) (在职业培训科目中所设立的)全国职业资格(与 GCSE 和 GCE A 水平相当)

nation state n.  a sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors such as language, common descent, etc., which define a nation (大部分公民或臣民由于语言、共同的血统等因素构成的)民族主权国家

nationwide /ˈneiʃ(ə)nwaid, -ˈwaid/ adj. & adv.  extending over the whole nation 遍及全国的(地)；全国性的(地)

native /ˈneitiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a person born in a specified place, or whose parents are domiciled in that place at the time of the birth 本地人  a native of Bristol  布里斯托尔本地人b  a local inhabitant 本地居民 2 offens.  a member of a non-white indigenous people, as regarded by the colonial settlers [冒犯] (被殖民定居者看作非白人的)土人，土著 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an indigenous animal or plant 当地的动物(或植物) 4  an oyster reared in British waters, esp. in artificial beds (生长在英国水域尤指人工养殖的)牡蛎  a Whitstable native  惠特斯特布尔牡蛎 5 Austral.  a white person born in Australia [澳]出生在澳洲的白人 ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  belonging to a person or thing by nature; inherent; innate (属于人或物)本质的；固有的；天生的  spoke with the facility native to him  带着先天的温顺对他说 2  of one's birth or birthplace 出生的；生日的；出生地的  native dress  本族服装 native country  祖国 3  belonging to one by right of birth (由于出生权而)属于某人的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  belonging to a specified place 属于某一特定地方的  the anteater is native to S. America  食蚁动物是南美特有的 5  a (esp. of a non-European) indigenous; born in a place (尤指非欧洲)本土的；出生地的b  of the natives of a place 当地的  native customs  当地风俗 6  unadorned; simple; artless 无装饰的；简单的；自然的 7 Geol. (of metal etc.) found in a pure or uncombined state 【地质】(金属等)纯的；非混合状态的 8 Austral. & NZ  resembling an animal or plant familiar elsewhere [澳新]与别处的动物(或植物)相似的  native cat  当地猫 native oak  本地橡树 □ go native  (of a settler) adopt the local way of life, esp. in a non-European country (移居者)适应了本地的生活方式(尤指非欧洲国家的生活方式)□ natively  adv.  □ nativeness  n.   [Middle English (earlier as adj.) via Old French natif -ive or Latin nativus from nasci nat- ‘be born’]

Native American n.  an American Indian, esp. of the US (尤指美国的)土著印第安人■Usage 用法说明 The term Native American is now often preferred to American Indian. However, when used to include the aboriginal peoples of Canada as well as of the US, it can cause offence. Ambiguity can be avoided by using American Indian or Canadian Indian as appropriate. See also Usage Note at INDIAN. 目前人们常用 Native American 而不用 American Indian 指美洲印第安人。然而当用于指美国和加拿大的土著人总称时，会引起冒犯。为避免歧义，用 American Indian 或 Canadian Indian 较为合适。亦见 INDIAN 的用法说明。 

native bear n. Austral. [澳]  = KOALA 

native rock n.  rock in its original place (在原来位置的)天然岩石

native speaker n.  a person who has spoken a language from early childhood 说本族语的人

nativism /ˈneitiviz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine of innate ideas 【哲】天赋观念论；先天论 □ nativist  n.  

nativity /nəˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (esp. 尤作 the Nativity)  a  the birth of Christ 基督诞生b  the festival of Christ's birth; Christmas 基督诞生节；圣诞节 2  a picture of the Nativity 基督诞生像 3  birth 出生 4  the horoscope at a person's birth 出生时的天宫图 5  a  the birth of the Virgin Mary or St John the Baptist 圣母马利亚(或施洗者圣约翰)的诞生b  the festival of the nativity of the Virgin (8 Sept.) or St John (24 June) 圣母马利亚诞生节 (9 月 8 日)或圣约翰的诞生节 (6 月 24 日) [Middle English via Old French nativité and Late Latin nativitas -tatis from Latin (as NATIVE)]

nativity play n.  a play, usu. performed by children at Christmas, dealing with the birth of Christ (通常指孩子们常在圣诞节时演出的关于基督诞生的)圣诞剧

NATO /ˈneitəʊ/ abbr. (also 亦作 Nato)  North Atlantic Treaty Organization [缩略]北大西洋公约组织

natron /ˈneitr(ə)n, ˈnæt-/ n.  a mineral form of hydrated sodium salts found in dried lake beds 泡碱 [French via Spanish natrón and Arabic natrūn from Greek nitron NITRE]

natter /ˈnætə/ v. & n. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] ●v. intr.  1  chatter idly 闲聊；瞎扯 2  grumble; talk fretfully 抱怨；发牢骚 ●n.  1  aimless chatter 闲聊 2  grumbling talk 抱怨 □ natterer  n.   [originally Scots, imitative]

natterjack /ˈnætədʒæk/ n.  a toad, Bufo calamita, with a bright yellow stripe down its back, and moving by running not hopping 黄条背蟾蜍(移动时爬动而非跳跃) [perhaps from NATTER, from its loud croak, + JACK1]

nattier blue /ˈnætjei/ n. & adj. ●n.  a soft shade of blue 淡蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 淡蓝色的 [much used by J. M. Nattier, French painter d. 1766]

natty /ˈnæti/ adj. (nattier, nattiest) colloq. [口]  1  a  smartly or neatly dressed, dapper (穿着)漂亮的；帅气的；整洁的b  spruce; trim; smart 干净的；整齐的；漂亮的  a natty blouse  一款漂亮的连衣裙 2  deft 敏捷熟练的；灵巧的 □ nattily  adv.  □ nattiness  n.   [originally slang, perhaps related to NEAT1]

natural /ˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  existing in or caused by nature; not artificial 存在于自然中的；天然的；自然的  natural landscape  天然景色b  uncultivated; wild 未经培植的；野生的  existing in its natural state  存在于原始状态中 2  in the course of nature; not exceptional or miraculous 在自然过程中的；无例外的；无奇迹的  died of natural causes  自然死亡 a natural occurrence  自然发生的事 3 (of human nature etc.) not surprising; to be expected (人的本性等)不足为奇的；生就的  natural for her to be upset  她天生焦虑 4  a (of a person or a person's behaviour) unaffected, easy, spontaneous (人或行为)不矫揉造作的；轻松的；自发的b (foll. by 后跟 to)  spontaneous, easy 自然的；随便的  friendliness is natural to him  他天生友善 5  a (of qualities etc.) inherent; innate (特性等)固有的；天生的  a natural talent for music  音乐天才b (of a person) having such qualities (人)有某些特性的  a natural linguist  天生语言学家 6  not disguised or altered (as by make-up etc.) (通过化妆等)保持原样的；未改变的 7  lifelike; as if in nature 栩栩如生的；似真的  the portrait looked very natural  这幅画看起来栩栩如生 8  likely by its or their nature to be such 本性的  natural enemies  天敌 the natural antithesis  天生的对立面 9  having a physical existence as opposed to what is spiritual, intellectual, etc. 客观存在的；自然存在的(与精神、智力等相对)  the natural world  自然界 10  a  related genetically 与血统有关的  her natural son  她的亲生儿子b  illegitimate 私生的  a natural child  私生子 11  based on the innate moral sense; instinctive 天性的；本能的  natural justice  天生正直 12 Mus. 【音】  a (of a note) not sharpened or flattened (音符)本位音的，还原的  B natural  B 本位音b (of a scale) not containing any sharps or flats (音阶) (标有)还原记号的c (of a key) having no sharps or flats (音键)本位的 13  not enlightened by revelation 未接受文明的；未接受启迪的  the natural man  蒙昧人 14 (of cotton, silk, etc.) having a colour characteristic of the unbleached and undyed state; off-white, creamy beige (棉、丝绸等)未漂白的；未染色的 ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) colloq.  a person or thing naturally suitable, adept, expert, etc. [口]天生适合的(熟练的、老练等的)人(或物)  a natural for the championship  天生冠军 2 archaic  a person mentally deficient from birth [古义] (出生时先天不足的)笨人；白痴 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a sign (‹F024›) denoting a return to natural pitch after a sharp or a flat 还原符号 (‹F024›)b  a natural note 本位音c  a white key on a piano (钢琴上的)白键 4  a Cards  a hand making 21 in the first deal in pontoon 【牌戏】(在 21 点游戏中)第一次发牌就得 21 点b  a throw of 7 or 11 at craps 掷骰子掷出 7(或 11) 点 5  a pale fawn colour 淡黄褐色 □ naturalness  n.   [Middle English via Old French naturel from Latin naturalis (as NATURE)]

natural-born adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  having a character or position by birth (性格或身份)与生具来的

natural childbirth n. Med.  childbirth with minimal medical or technological intervention 【医】自然分娩

natural classification n.  a scientific classification according to natural features 自然分类

natural death n.  death by age or disease, not by accident, poison, violence, etc. (由于年龄、疾病而非事故、中毒、暴力等的)自然死亡

natural food n.  food without preservatives etc. (不含防腐剂等的)天然食品

natural gas n.  an inflammable mainly methane gas found in the earth's crust, not manufactured 天然气(主要成分为甲烷)

natural history n.  1  the study of animals or plants, esp. as set forth for popular use (尤指为大众使用的)博物学 2  an aggregate of the facts concerning the flora and fauna etc. of a particular place or class (有关特定地点、特定种类的植物群、动物群等的)博物学论著  a natural history of the Isle of Wight  怀特岛博物学论著 □ natural historian  n.  

naturalism /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  the theory or practice in art and literature of representing nature, character, etc. realistically and in great detail (文学、艺术理论和创作中的)写实主义；自然主义 2  a Philos.  a theory of the world that excludes the supernatural or spiritual 【哲】自然主义b  any moral or religious system based on this theory (建立在自然主义理论之上的道德宗教体系)自然论 3  action based on natural instincts 本能行为 4  indifference to conventions 漠视惯例 [NATURAL, in Philos. translating French naturalisme]

naturalist /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəlist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an expert in natural history 博物学家 2  a person who believes in or practises naturalism 自然主义者 ●adj.  = NATURALISTIC 

naturalistic /nætʃ(ə)rəˈlistik/ adj.  1  imitating nature closely; lifelike 仿自然的；逼真的 2  of or according to naturalism (依据)自然主义的 3  of natural history 博物学(家)的 □ naturalistically  adv.  

naturalize /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  admit (a foreigner) to the citizenship of a country 接受(外国人)入籍；使归化 2 tr.  introduce (an animal, plant, etc.) into another region so that it flourishes in the wild 使(动、植物等)在异域生长 3 tr.  adopt (a foreign word, custom, etc.) 采纳(外来语、风俗等) 4 intr.  become naturalized 归化 5 tr. Philos.  exclude from the miraculous; explain naturalistically 【哲】排除(神秘性)；(用自然道理)解释 6 tr.  free from conventions; make natural 使摆脱惯例；使自然 7 tr.  cause to appear natural 使看起来自然 8 intr.  study natural history 研究博物学 □ naturalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French naturaliser (as NATURAL)]

natural language n.  a language that has developed naturally 自然语言

natural law n.  1 Philos.  unchanging moral principles common to all people by virtue of their nature as human beings 【哲】自然法则 2  a  an observable law relating to natural phenomena (有关自然现象应遵守的)自然规律b  these collectively 自然规律(总称)  where they saw chance, we see natural law  他们看到了偶然性，而我们发现了自然规律

natural life n.  the duration of one's life on earth (人在地球上的)寿命

natural logarithm n.  a logarithm to the base e (2.71828.....) (abbr. 缩略 : ln or loge) 自然对数

naturally /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəli/ adv.  1  in a natural manner 自然地 2  as a natural result 必然 3 (qualifying a whole sentence) as might be expected; of course (限制整个句子)正如可能预料到地；当然

natural magic n.  magic involving nature spirits, healing, the use of herbs, etc. (涉及自然精(气)灵(气)、治愈及用草药等的)自然魔力

natural note n. Mus.  a note that is neither sharp nor flat 【音】本位音

natural numbers n. pl.  the integers 1, 2, 3, etc. 自然数(如 1 、 2 、 3 等整数)

natural philosophy n. hist.  natural science, esp. physical science [史义]自然哲学，自然科学(尤指物理学) □ natural philosopher  n.  

natural religion n.  a religion based on reason (opp. 反义 REVEALED RELIGION); deism (建立在理性基础上的)自然宗教论；自然神论

natural resources n. pl.  materials or conditions occurring in nature and capable of economic exploitation 天然资源

natural science n.  the sciences used in the study of the physical world, e.g. physics, chemistry, geology, biology, botany 自然科学(如物理学、化学、地质学、植物学)

natural selection n.  the Darwinian theory of the survival and propagation of organisms best adapted to their environment 自然选择(达尔文的有机体的适者生存、繁殖理论)

natural theology n.  the knowledge of God as gained by the light of natural reason 自然神学

natural uranium n.  unenriched uranium 天然铀

natural virtues n. pl. Philos.  justice, prudence, temperance, fortitude 【哲】天然美德(公正、节俭、自我克制、坚强)

natural wastage n.  = WASTAGE 3 

natural year n.  the time taken by one revolution of the earth round the sun, 365 days, 5 hours, and 48 minutes 天文年(地球绕太阳一周的时间， 365 天 5 小时 48 分)

nature /ˈneitʃə/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  a thing's or person's innate or essential qualities or character (物、人)本性；性质  not in their nature to be cruel  他们的本性并不残酷 is the nature of iron to rust  生锈是铁的性质 2 (often 常作 Nature)  a  the physical power causing all the phenomena of the material world 大自然；自然力  Nature is the best physician  大自然是最好的医生b  these phenomena, including plants, animals, landscape, etc. 自然现象(包括植物、动物、风景等) 3  a kind, sort, or class 种类，品种，类别  things of this nature  这类东西 4  = HUMAN NATURE  5  a  a specified element of human character (人类性格中的)秉性  the rational nature  理性 our animal nature  人性中的兽性b  a person of a specified character 某一性格的人  even strong natures quail  甚至性格特别坚强的人也退缩了 6  a  an uncultivated or wild area, condition, community, etc. 未经开垦的(或荒凉的)地区；艰苦的条件；条件差的社区(团体等)b  the countryside, esp. when picturesque (尤指风景如画的)乡下 7  inherent impulses determining character or action (决定性格和行动的)天生的冲动 8  heredity as an influence on or determinant of personality (opp. 反义 NURTURE n. 3) 影响(或决定)个性的遗传 9  a living thing's vital functions or needs 生物最主要的功能(或需求)  such a diet will not support nature  如此日常饮食将不能满足生理需要 □ against nature   unnatural; immoral 违反自然的；不道德的□ against (or contrary to) nature   miraculous; miraculously 奇迹般的(地)；非凡的(地)□ back to nature   returning to a pre-civilized or natural state 回归自然□ by nature   innately 天生地□ from nature  Art  using natural objects as models 【艺术】用自然的物体做模特，写生的□ in nature   1  actually existing 实际存在的 2  anywhere; at all 无论如何；根本，完全□ in (or of) the nature of   characteristically resembling or belonging to the class of 似(具有)…的性质  the answer was in the nature of an excuse  回答中带有开脱之意□ in the nature of things ●adj.  inevitable 理所当然的；不可避免的 ●adv.  inevitably 不可避免地□ in a state of nature   1  in an uncivilized or uncultivated state 处于(未经开化、未经开垦的)原始状态 2  totally naked 全裸的 3  in an unregenerate state 处于未受天恩的罪人的状态 [Middle English via Old French from Latin natura, from nasci nat- ‘be born’]

nature cure n.  = NATUROPATHY 

natured /ˈneitʃəd/ adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)  having a specified disposition 拥有一种特殊的天性  good-natured  脾气好的 ill-natured  脾气坏的

nature printing n.  a method of producing a print of leaves etc. by pressing them on a prepared plate (通过把树叶等压在制版上印出树叶图案的)自然印刷图片法

nature reserve n.  a tract of land managed so as to preserve its flora, fauna, physical features, etc. 自然保护区(保护区内植物、动物、自然特性等)

nature study n.  the practical study of plant and animal life etc. as a school subject 自然界(植物、动物等)的研究

nature trail n.  a signposted path through the countryside designed to draw attention to natural phenomena (通向乡间自然景点的)有指示标识的小径

naturism /ˈneitʃ(ə)riz(ə)m/ n.  1  nudism 裸体运动(主义) 2  naturalism in regard to religion 与宗教有关的自然主义 3  the worship of natural objects 对自然现象的崇拜 □ naturist  n. & adj.  

naturopathy /neitʃəˈrɒpəθi/ n.  1  the treatment of disease etc. without drugs, usu. involving diet, exercise, massage, etc. (不用药物，通常通过饮食、运动、按摩等治疗疾病等的)自然疗法 2  this regimen used preventively 自然养生法 □ naturopath  /ˈneitʃ(ə)rəpæθ/ n.  □ naturopathic  /neitʃ(ə)rəˈpæθik/ adj.  

naught /nɔ:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 archaic or literary  nothing, nought [古义] [文学用语]没有；无；零 2 US [美]  = NOUGHT 1  ●adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.) archaic or literary  worthless; useless [古义] [文学用语]无价值的；无用的 □ bring to naught   ruin; baffle 毁灭；挫败□ come to naught   be ruined or baffled 被毁灭；被挫败□ set at naught   disregard; despise 轻视；蔑视 [Old English nɑˉwiht, -wuht, from nɑˉ (see NO2) + wiht WIGHT]

naughty /ˈnɔ:ti/ adj. (naughtier, naughtiest)  1 (esp. of children) disobedient; badly behaved (尤指儿童)淘气的；顽皮的 2 colloq. joc.  indecent [口] [诙]下流的；不礼貌的  a naughty postcard  一张不礼貌的明信片 3 archaic  wicked [古义]坏的；邪恶的 □ naughtily  adv.  □ naughtiness  n.   [Middle English, from NAUGHT + -Y1]

nauplius /ˈnɔ:pliəs/ n. (pl. nauplii /-pliai, -plii:/)  the first larval stage of some crustaceans (甲壳纲动物的)无节幼体 [Latin, = a kind of shellfish, or from Greek Nauplios, the son of Poseidon]

Nauru   瑙鲁

Nauruan /nau:ˈru:ən/ adj. & n.  瑙鲁的(人)

nausea /ˈnɔ:siə, -z-/ n.  1  a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit 反胃；恶心 2  loathing; revulsion 讨厌；厌恶 [Latin from Greek nausia, from naus ‘ship’]

nauseate /ˈnɔ:sieit, -z-/ v.  1 tr.  affect with nausea; disgust 使恶心；使厌恶  was nauseated by the smell  气味使其恶心 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  loathe food, an occupation, etc.; feel sick (对食物、职业等)讨厌；不舒服；恶心 □ nauseating  adj.  □ nauseatingly  adv.   [Latin nauseare (as NAUSEA)]

nauseous /ˈnɔ:siəs, -z-/ adj.  1  affected with nausea, sick 恶心的，不舒服的  felt nauseous all day  一整天都感到不舒服 2  causing nausea, offensive to the taste or smell (味道、气味)令人作呕的；厌恶的 3  disgusting; loathsome 令人憎恶的；可恶的 □ nauseously  adv.  □ nauseousness  n.   [Latin nauseosus (as NAUSEA)]

nautch /nɔ:tʃ/ n.  a performance of professional Indian dancing girls 印度(职业舞女的)舞蹈表演 [Hindi nɑˉch via Prakrit nachcha from Sanskrit nritja ‘dancing’]

nautch girl n.  a professional Indian dancing girl 印度职业舞女

nautical /ˈnɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning sailors or navigation; naval; maritime (有关)水手的；航海的；海军的；海事的 □ nautically  adv.   [French nautique, or via Latin nauticus from Greek nautikos, via nautēs ‘sailor’ from naus ‘ship’]

nautical almanac n.  a yearbook containing astronomical and tidal information for navigators etc. (为航海等提供天文和潮汐信息的)航海历书

nautical mile n.  a unit of approx. 2,025 yards (1,852 metres) 海里(大约 2025 码，合 1852 米)

nautilus /ˈnɔ:tiləs/ n. (pl. nautiluses or nautili /-lai, -li:/)  1  any cephalopod of the genus Nautilus with a light brittle spiral shell, esp. (pearly nautilus) one having a chambered shell with nacreous septa (鹦鹉螺属)鹦鹉螺(有一个脆的螺旋状的外壳) 2 (in full 全称 paper nautilus)  any small floating octopus of the genus Argonauta, of which the female has a very thin shell and webbed sail-like arms 纸鹦鹉螺；船蛸 [Latin from Greek nautilos, literally ‘sailor’ (as NAUTICAL)]

NAV abbr.  net asset value [缩略]资产净值

Navajo /ˈnævəhəʊ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Navaho) ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or -os)  1  a member of an American Indian people native to New Mexico and Arizona 纳瓦霍人(在新墨西哥和亚利桑那州的美洲印第安人) 2  the language of this people 纳瓦霍语 ●adj.  of this people or their language 纳瓦霍人(语)的 [Spanish, = pueblo]

naval /ˈneiv(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, in, for, etc. the navy or a navy 海军的；在海军中的(为海军的等) 2  of or concerning ships (有关)军舰的  a naval battle  海战 □ navally  adv.   [Latin navalis from navis ‘ship’]

naval academy n.  a college for training naval officers (训练海军军官的)海军学院

naval architecture n.  the designing of ships 造船学 □ naval architect  n.  军舰设计师

naval officer n.  an officer in a navy 海军军官

naval stores n. pl.  all materials used in shipping 海军补给品

navarin /ˈnæv(ə)rin/ n.  a casserole of mutton or lamb with vegetables 蔬菜羊肉砂锅 [French]

nave1 /neiv/ n.  the central part of a church, usu. from the west door to the chancel and excluding the side aisles 教堂的中殿(通常指从西门到圣坛的部分，不包括两侧的走廊) [medieval Latin navis from Latin navis ‘ship’]

nave2 /neiv/ n.  the hub of a wheel 轮毂 [Old English nafu, nafa from Germanic, related to NAVEL]

navel /ˈneiv(ə)l/ n.  1  a rounded knotty depression in the centre of the belly caused by the detachment of the umbilical cord; the umbilicus 肚脐；脐 2  a central point 中心点 [Old English nafela from Germanic, related to NAVE2]

navel-gazing n.  usu. profitless meditation; complacent introversion (通常指无意义的)沉思；(自满的)反省

navel orange n.  a large seedless orange with a navel-like formation at the top 脐橙

navelwort /ˈneiv(ə)lwɜ:t/ n.  a pennywort (植物)破铜钱；脐景天

navicular /nəˈvikjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  boat-shaped 船(舟)状的 ●n. (in full 全称 navicular bone)  a boat-shaped bone in the foot or hand (足或手)舟状骨 [French naviculaire or Late Latin navicularis from Latin navicula, diminutive of navis ‘ship’]

navicular disease n.  an inflammatory disease of the navicular bone in horses, causing lameness (马的)舟状骨发炎，舟状骨病(导致走路一跛一跛)

navigable /ˈnæviɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a river, the sea, etc.) affording a passage for ships (河流、海洋等)可航行的；可通航的 2 (of a ship etc.) seaworthy (船等)适于航海(行)的  in navigable condition  处于航海状态中 3 (of a balloon, airship, etc.) steerable (气球、飞船等)可驾驶的；可操纵的；可控制的 □ navigability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French navigable or Latin navigabilis (as NAVIGATE)]

navigate /ˈnæviɡeit/ v.  1  a tr.  manage or direct the course of (a ship, aircraft, etc.) 领航；导航；驾驶；操纵(船、飞行器等)b intr.  find one's way; steer the correct course 发现航道；使驶入正确航道 2 tr.  a  sail on or across (a sea, river, etc.) 航行于(或通过) (海、河等)b  travel or fly through (the air) 旅行；飞越(空中) 3 intr. (of a passenger in a vehicle) assist the driver by map-reading etc. (交通工具中的乘客通过看地图等)帮助司机指点行车路线 4 intr.  sail a ship; sail in a ship 驾船；乘船航行 5 tr. (often 常作 refl.) colloq.  steer (oneself, a course, etc.) through a crowd etc. [口]使(自己、路线等)通过(人群等) [Latin navigare, from navis ‘ship’ + agere ‘drive’]

navigation /næviˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of navigating 航行；航海 2  any of several methods of determining or planning a ship's or aircraft's position and course by geometry, astronomy, radio signals, etc. 导航术(通过几何学、天文学、无线电信号等确定或计划船只或航空器的位置) 3  a voyage 航道 □ navigational  adj.   [French, or from Latin navigatio (as NAVIGATE)]

navigation light n.  a light on a ship or aircraft at night, indicating its position and direction 航行灯

navigator /ˈnæviɡeitə/ n.  1  a person skilled or engaged in navigation 航海家 2  an explorer by sea 航海探险者 [Latin (as NAVIGATE)]

navvy /ˈnævi/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a labourer employed in building or excavating roads, canals, etc. (从事建筑、挖掘道路、运河等的)苦工 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  work as a navvy 做苦工 [abbreviation of NAVIGATOR]

navy /ˈneivi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often 常作 the Navy)  a  the whole body of a state's ships of war, including crews, maintenance systems, etc. (一国之)海军(包括全体成员及维护系统等)b  the officers and men of a navy 海军官兵 2 (in full 全称 navy blue)  a dark blue colour as used in naval uniform 藏青色 3 poet.  a fleet of ships [诗]舰队 ●adj. (in full 全称 navy blue; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  dark blue 藏青色的 [Middle English, = fleet, via Old French navie ‘ship, fleet’ and Romanic & popular Latin navia ‘ship’ from Latin navis]

navy bean n.  = HARICOT 

Navy Department n. (in the US) the government department in charge of the navy (美国)海军部

Navy List n. Brit.  an official list containing the names of all naval officers etc. [英]海军军官(等)名单

navy yard n. US  a government shipyard with civilian labour [美]海军造船厂(船坞)

nawab /nəˈwɑ:b, -ˈwɔ:b/ n.  1  the title of a distinguished Muslim in Pakistan (巴基斯坦杰出的)穆斯林的头衔 2 hist.  the title of a governor or nobleman in India [史义] (印度)总督(或贵族)的头衔 [Urdu nawwɑˉb pl. from Arabic nɑˉ'ib ‘deputy’: cf. NABOB]

nay /nei/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  or rather; and even; and more than that 更确切(地)；甚至；不仅如此  impressive, nay, magnificent  不仅威严，甚至还壮观 2 archaic [古义]  = NO2adv. 1  ●n.  1  the word ‘nay’ 否，反对 2  a negative vote 反对票  counted 16 nays  计有 16 票反对 [Middle English from Old Norse nei, from ne ‘not’ + ei AYE2]

naysay /ˈneisei/ v. (3rd sing. present -says; past and past part. -saidsays; said) esp. US [尤美]  1 intr.  utter a denial or refusal 拒绝；否认 2 tr.  refuse or contradict 拒绝；反驳 □ naysayer  n.  

Nazarene /ˈnæzəri:n, næzəˈri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a (prec. by 前接 the)  Christ 基督；救世主b (esp. in Jewish or Muslim use) a Christian (尤指犹太、穆斯林用语的)基督徒 2  a native or inhabitant of Nazareth 拿撒勒本地人(或居民) 3  a  a member of an early Jewish-Christian sect (早期的)犹太基督徒b  a member of a Protestant sect known as the Church of the Nazarene 拿撒勒教会的教徒；新教派的教徒 ●adj.  of or concerning Nazareth, the Nazarenes, etc. (有关)拿撒勒(人等)的 [Middle English via Late Latin Nazarenus from Greek Nazarēnos, from Nazaret ‘Nazareth’]

Nazarite /ˈnæzərait/ n. (also 亦作 Nazirite) hist.  a Hebrew who had taken certain vows of abstinence; an ascetic (Num. 6) [史义] (发誓节欲的)希伯来人；修行者 [Late Latin Nazaraeus from Hebrew nɑˉzīr, from nɑˉzar ‘to separate or consecrate oneself’]

Nazi /ˈnɑ:tsi, ˈnɑ:zi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Nazis)  1 hist.  a member of the German National Socialist party [史义]纳粹党人(分子) 2 derog.  a person holding extreme racist or authoritarian views or behaving brutally [贬]持有极端种族主义和独裁主义观点的人；举止行为残暴的人 3  a person belonging to any organization similar to the Nazis 与纳粹党相似组织的成员 ●adj.  of or concerning the Nazis, Nazism, etc. (有关)纳粹党人(主义等)的 □ Nazidom  n.  □ Nazify  /-fai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  使纳粹化□ Naziism  /-i:iz(ə)m/ n.  □ Nazism  /ˈnɑ:tsiz(ə)m/ n.   [representing pronunciation of Nati- in German Nationalsozialist]

naïf /naiˈi:f, nɑ:ˈi:f/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = NAIVE  ●n.  a naive person 天真(幼稚)的人

NB abbr. [缩略]  1  New Brunswick (加拿大)新不伦瑞克(省) 2 Cricket 【板球】  no-ball  3  Scotland (North Britain)  4  nota bene 

Nb symb. Chem.  the element niobium [符]【化】(化学元素)铌

NBC abbr. (in the US) National Broadcasting Company [缩略] (美国)全国广播公司

N. by E. abbr.  North by East [缩略]北偏东

N. by W. abbr.  North by West [缩略]北偏西

NC abbr.  North Carolina (also in official postal use) [缩略]北卡罗来纳州(亦正式邮政用语)

NCB abbr. hist. (in the UK) National Coal Board (since 1987 officially called British Coal) [缩略] [史义] (英国)国家煤炭局(自 1987 年后，正式称为 British Coal)

NCO abbr.  non-commissioned officer [缩略]军士

NCP abbr.  National Car Parks [缩略]国家停车场

NCU abbr. (in the UK) National Communications Union [缩略] (英国)全国通讯联合会

ND abbr. US  North Dakota (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]北达科他州(正式邮政用语)

Nd symb. Chem.  the element neodymium [符]【化】(化学元素)钕

n.d. abbr.  no date [缩略]未注明日期

-nd1 suffix  forming nouns (fiend 魔鬼 ; friend 朋友) 构成名词 [Old English -ond, originally participial ending]

-nd2 suffix  see 见 -AND, -END 

N.Dak. abbr.  North Dakota [缩略]北达科他州

Ndebele /(ə)ndəˈbi:li, -ˈbeili/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Ndebeles)  a member of a Nguni people 恩德贝勒人 2  the Bantu language of this people 恩德贝勒语(属班图语) ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language (有关)恩德贝勒人(语)的 [Bantu from Ndebele sing. prefix n- + Sesotho (lè)tèbèlè ‘Nguni’, from prefix le- + tēbèla ‘drive away’]

N'Djamena /ˌendʒəˈmeinə/ n.  恩贾梅纳 [乍得首都]

NE abbr. [缩略]  1  north-east  2  north-eastern  3 US  Nebraska (in official postal use) [美]内布拉斯加州(正式邮政用语)

Ne symb. Chem.  the element neon [符]【化】(化学元素)氖

Neal /ni:l/   尼尔 [人名]

Neanderthal /niˈændətɑ:l/ adj.  of or belonging to a type of fossil human widely distributed in palaeolithic Europe, with a retreating forehead and prominent brow-ridges (属于)尼安德特人的 [Neanderthal, a region in Germany where remains were found]

neap /ni:p/ n. & v. ●n. (in full 全称 neap tide)  a tide just after the first and third quarters of the moon when there is least difference between high and low water 小潮；最低潮 ●v.  1 intr. (of a tide) tend towards or reach the highest point of a neap tide (潮汐)渐趋向小潮；达到小潮最高点 2 tr. (in passive 用被动) (of a ship) be kept aground, in harbour, etc., by a neap tide (船由于小潮而)搁浅(在港口等) [Old English nēpflōd (cf. FLOOD), of unknown origin]

Neapolitan /niəˈpɒlit(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or citizen of Naples in Italy (意大利)那不勒斯的人(或居民) ●adj.  of or relating to Naples (有关)那不勒斯人(或居民)的 [Middle English via Latin Neapolitanus and Latin Neapolis Naples from Greek, from neos ‘new’ + polis ‘city’]

Neapolitan ice cream n.  ice cream made in layers of different colours 三色冰淇淋(由不同颜色层组成)

Neapolitan violet n.  a sweet-scented double viola (散发香味的)双色紫罗兰

neap tide  see 见 NEAP n. 

near /niə/ adv., prep., adj. & v. ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  to or at a short distance in space or time; close by (在时间、空间上)接近；在附近；在近处  the time drew near  时间临近 dropped near to them  掉在他们附近 2  closely 接近地  as near as one can guess  猜测差不多如此 3 archaic  almost, nearly [古义]几乎；差不多  very near died  几乎死掉 4 archaic  parsimoniously; meanly [古义]吝啬的，小气的 ●prep. (compar. & superl. also used 亦用比较级和最高级)  1  to or at a short distance (in space, time, condition, or resemblance) from (空间、时间、条件、相似)靠近；接近  stood near the back  站在接近后面的地方 occurs nearer the end  发生在快要结束时 the sun is near setting  太阳快落了 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  that is almost 几乎；差不多  near-hysterical  几近歇斯底里的 a near-Communist  类乎共产主义者的人b  intended as a substitute for; resembling 替代；相似于  near-beer  仿啤酒 ●adj.  1  close at hand; close to, in place or time (地点、时间)临近的；靠近的  the end is near  马上就要结束 in the near future  在不远的将来 2  a  closely related (关系)紧密亲近的  a near relation  一种亲近关系b  intimate 亲密的  a near friend  一位亲密朋友 3 (of a part of a vehicle, animal, or road) left (opp. 反义 OFF adj. 2) (交通工具、动物、路的一部分)左边的  the near foreleg  左前腿 near side front wheel  左侧前轮 (originally of the side from which one mounted 原指上车的那一边) 4  close; narrow 接近的；紧的  a near escape  侥幸逃脱 a near guess  勉强猜出 5 (of a road or way) direct (路或道)直接的 6  similar (to) 近似的  is nearer the original  与原物相差无几 7  niggardly, mean 吝啬的；小气的 ●v.  1 tr.  approach; draw near to 接近；靠近；来临  neared the harbour  临近港口 2 intr.  draw near 靠近  could distinguish them as they neared  当靠近时能分辨出他们 □ come (or go) near  (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun, or to + verbal noun)  be on the point of, almost succeed in 将近…的时候；几乎要(做成…)  came near to falling  几乎要倒下；几乎要落下□ go near  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  narrowly fail 几乎(差一点)失败□ near at hand   1  within easy reach 在手边；在附近 2  in the immediate future 不远的将来□ nearest and dearest   one's closest friends and relatives collectively (朋友和亲戚的总称)最挚爱者(的)□ near the knuckle  Brit. colloq.  verging on the indecent [英口]近乎下流□ near upon  archaic  not far in time from [古义] (时间)将近□ nearish  adj.  □ nearness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse nœr, originally comparative of nɑˊ = Old English nēah NIGH]

nearby adj. & adv. ●adj. /ˈniəbai/  situated in a near position 附近的，近旁的  a nearby hotel  附近的一家旅馆 ●adv. /niəˈbai/ (also 亦作 near by)  close; not far away 在附近；在近旁

Nearctic /niˈɑ:ktik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 nearctic) ●adj.  of or relating to the Arctic and the temperate parts of N. America as a zoogeographical region (有关)新北区的 ●n.  the Nearctic region 新北区 [NEO- + ARCTIC]

near-death experience n.  an out-of-body experience taking place on the brink of death, recounted by a person on recovery (恢复后的病人谈及的)濒死经历，临死感受

Near East n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  = MIDDLE EAST  2  the Balkans (see 见 BALKAN) 巴尔干半岛各国 □ Near Eastern  adj.  

near go n. Brit. colloq.  a narrow escape [英口]侥幸逃脱

nearly /ˈniəli/ adv.  1  almost 几乎  we are nearly there  我们快到那里了 2  closely 亲密地；近  they are nearly related  他们关系亲密 □ not nearly   nothing like; far from 远非；远离  not nearly enough  远远不够

near miss n.  1  a bomb etc. falling close to the target (炸弹等掉落在离靶子不远的地方)近距脱靶 2  a narrowly avoided collision 侥幸避免碰撞 3  an attempt that is almost but not quite successful 几乎成功的企图

nearside /ˈniəsaid/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  the left side of a vehicle, animal, etc. (cf. 参见 OFFSIDE n.) [尤英] (车辆、动物等的)左边

near sight n. esp. US [尤美]  = SHORT SIGHT 

near-sighted /niəˈsaitid/ adj. esp. US [尤美]  = SHORT-SIGHTED  □ near-sightedly  adv.  □ near-sightedness  n.  

near thing n. Brit.  a narrow escape [英]侥幸逃脱

neat1 /ni:t/ adj.  1  tidy and methodical 整洁的；整齐的；有条理的 2  elegantly simple in form etc.; well-proportioned (形式等)端庄朴素的；匀称的 3 (of language, style, etc.) brief, clear, and pointed; epigrammatic (语言、文体等)简洁的；简明的 4  a  cleverly executed 巧妙的  a neat piece of work  一项完成得很好的工作b  deft; dexterous 灵巧的；敏捷熟练的 5 (of esp. alcoholic liquor) undiluted (尤指酒等)未稀释的；未搀水的 6 N. Amer. slang (as a general term of approval) good, pleasing, excellent [北美] [俚语] (普通的赞扬语)好的；呱呱叫的；出色的 □ neatly  adv.  □ neatness  n.   [French net from Latin nitidus ‘shining’, from nitēre ‘shine’]

neat2 /ni:t/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a bovine animal 牛类动物 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  cattle 牛 [Old English nēat, from Germanic]

neaten /ˈni:t(ə)n/ v. tr.  make neat 使整齐；使整洁

neath /ni:θ/ prep. poet.  beneath [诗]在…下方 [BENEATH]

neat's-foot oil n.  oil made from boiled cow-heel and used to dress leather 牛蹄油(用以保护皮革)

NEB abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) National Enterprise Board (英国)国家企业局 2  New English Bible 圣经英文版新译本

Neb. abbr.  Nebraska [缩略] (美)内布拉斯加州

neb /neb/ n. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部]  1  a beak or bill 鸟嘴；喙 2  a nose; a snout 鼻子；鼻口部 3  a tip, spout, or point 尖(口、点)处 [Old English nebb, ultimately from Germanic: cf. NIB]

nebbish /ˈnebiʃ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a submissive or timid person 顺从(羞怯)的人 ●adj.  submissive; timid 顺从的；羞怯的 [Yiddish nebach ‘poor thing!’]

Nebr. abbr.  Nebraska [缩略] (美)内布拉斯加州

Nebuchadnezzar /ˌnebjʊkədˈnezə/ n.  a wine bottle of about 20 times the standard size (大约比标准酒瓶大 20 倍的)大酒瓶 [name of a king of Babylon (6th c. BC)]

nebula /ˈnebjʊlə/ n. (pl. nebulae /-li:/ or nebulas)  1 Astron. 【天】  a  a cloud of gas and dust, sometimes glowing and sometimes appearing as a dark silhouette against other glowing matter 星云b  a bright area caused by a galaxy, or a large cloud of distant stars 星云状区 2 Med.  a clouded spot on the cornea causing defective vision 【医】(造成视力障碍的)角膜薄翳 [Latin, = mist]

nebular /ˈnebjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to a nebula or nebulae (有关)星云的；(有关)星云状的

nebular theory n. (also 亦作 nebular hypothesis)  the theory that the solar and stellar systems were developed from a primeval nebula 星云假说

nebulizer /ˈnebjʊlaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser)  a device for producing a fine spray of liquid 喷雾装置(器) □ nebulize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin nebula ‘mist’ + -IZER (see -IZE)]

nebulous /ˈnebjʊləs/ adj.  1  cloudlike 似星云(状)的 2  a  formless, clouded 无形状的；云雾状的b  hazy, indistinct, vague 朦胧的；不清楚的；模糊的  put forward a few nebulous ideas  提出一些模糊的主意 3 Astron.  of or like a nebula or nebulae 【天】星云的；如星云般的 □ nebulosity  /-ˈlɒsiti/ n.  □ nebulously  adv.  □ nebulousness  n.   [Middle English from French nébuleux or Latin nebulosus (as NEBULA)]

nebulous star n.  a small cluster of indistinct stars, or a star in a luminous haze 星云状星群；雾状星

nebuly /ˈnebjʊli/ adj. Heraldry  wavy in form; cloudlike 【纹章学】波浪形的；云状的 [French nébulé via medieval Latin nebulatus from Latin NEBULA]

NEC abbr.  National Executive Committee [缩略]国家执行委员会

necessarian /nesiˈsɛəriən/ n. & adj.  = NECESSITARIAN  □ necessarianism  n.  

necessarily /ˈnesəs(ə)rili, -ˈserili/ adv.  as a necessary result; inevitably 必然地；必须地；不可避免地

necessary /ˈnesəs(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  requiring to be done, achieved, etc.; requisite, essential (做、完成等)必须的；需要的；必要的  it is necessary to work  工作是必要的 lacks the necessary documents  缺少必要的文件 2  determined, existing, or happening by natural laws, predestination, etc., not by free will; inevitable (由于自然规律、命运等)必然的；非做不行的；不可避免的  a necessary evil  难免的危害 3 Philos. (of a concept or a mental process) inevitably resulting from or produced by the nature of things etc., so that the contrary is impossible 【哲】(概念或思想过程引出的或产生的)必然性 4 Philos. (of an agent) having no independent volition 【哲】(动原)无独立意志能力的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of the basic requirements of life, such as food, warmth, etc. 生活必需品(如食物、取暖等) □ the necessary  colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  money [英]金钱 2  an action, item, etc., needed for a purpose (为某一目的)所必需的行为(项目等)  they will do the necessary  必要的他们都会做 [Middle English via Old French necessaire from Latin necessarius, from necesse ‘needful’]

necessitarian /niˌsesiˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. Philos. 【哲】  ●n.  a person who holds that all action is predetermined and free will is impossible (opp. 反义 LIBERTARIAN n. 2) 必然论者(认为所有的行动都是注定的，自由意志是不可能改变的) ●adj.  of or concerning such a person or theory (有关)必然论者的；(有关)必然论的 □ necessitarianism  n.  

necessitate /niˈsesiteit/ v. tr.  1  make necessary (esp. as a result) 使成为必需(尤指作为结果)  will necessitate some sacrifice  将必定需要一些牺牲 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) US  force or compel (a person) to do something [美]迫使(强迫) (某人)做某事 [medieval Latin necessitare ‘compel’ (as NECESSITY)]

necessitous /niˈsesitəs/ adj.  poor; needy 贫乏的；贫穷的 [French nécessiteux, or from NECESSITY + -OUS]

necessity /niˈsesiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an indispensable thing; a necessary 绝对必要的东西；必需品  central heating is a necessity  中央供暖是必需品b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  indispensability 必不可少的东西  the necessity of a warm overcoat  温暖的大衣必不可少 2  a state of things or circumstances enforcing a certain course 必须的状态(条件)  there was a necessity to hurry  必须赶快 3  imperative need 必要；需要  necessity is the mother of invention  需要是发明之母 4  want; poverty; hardship 缺乏；贫穷；艰难  stole because of necessity  由于贫穷而偷窃 5  constraint or compulsion regarded as a natural law governing all human action (被认为是控制人类行为的自然规则的)必然性 □ of necessity   unavoidably 不可避免地 [Middle English via Old French necessité from Latin necessitas -tatis, from necesse ‘needful’]

neck /nek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the part of the body connecting the head to the shoulders 脖子，颈项b  the part of a shirt, dress, etc. round or close to the neck (衬衫、衣服等的)领口 2  a  something resembling a neck, such as the narrow part of a cavity or vessel, a passage, channel, pass, isthmus, etc. (洞、容器、通道、海峡、要隘、地峡等的)颈状部位；狭窄的一段b  the narrow part of a bottle near the mouth 瓶颈 3  the part of a violin etc. bearing the fingerboard (小提琴等的)琴颈 4  the length of a horse's head and neck as a measure of its lead in a race (在赛马中用以表示领先的马头和颈部的长度)一颈之差 5  the flesh of an animal's neck (动物)脖子上的肉  neck of lamb  羊颈肉 6 Geol.  solidified lava or igneous rock in an old volcano crater or pipe 【地质】岩颈(旧火山口或火山筒中的熔岩) 7 Archit.  the lower part of a capital 【建】柱颈 8 Brit. slang  impudence [英] [俚语]厚颜无耻  you've got a neck, asking that  问那样的问题，你简直厚颜无耻 ●v.  1 intr. & tr. colloq.  kiss and caress amorously [口] (热情地)搂颈亲吻 2  a tr.  form a narrowed part in 构成…的狭窄部分b intr.  form a narrowed part 构成一个狭窄部分 □ get it in the neck  colloq. [口]  1  receive a severe reprimand or punishment 受到(强烈的)谴责(惩罚) 2  suffer a fatal or severe blow 遭到致命的(严重的)打击□ neck and neck   running level in a race etc. (赛跑等中)并驾齐驱□ neck or nothing   risking everything on success 铤而走险□ up to one's neck  (often foll. by 常后跟 in) colloq.  very deeply involved; very busy [口]深深地陷入；非常忙□ necked  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ necker  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ neckless  adj.   [Old English hnecca, ultimately from Germanic]

neckband /ˈnekbænd/ n.  a strip of material round the neck of a garment 衣服领圈

neckcloth /ˈnekklɒθ/ n. hist.  a cravat [史义]领巾；领饰

neckerchief /ˈnekətʃif/ n.  a square of cloth worn round the neck (脖子上的)方围巾，围脖儿

necking /ˈnekiŋ/ n. Archit. 【建】  = NECKn. 

necklace /ˈneklis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a chain or string of beads, precious stones, links, etc., worn as an ornament round the neck (珠子、宝石、环状物等串成的)项链 2 S. Afr.  a tyre soaked or filled with petrol, placed round a victim's neck, and set alight [南非]火项链(浸过或填充过汽油的套在受害者颈部的轮胎) ●v. tr. S. Afr.  kill with a ‘necklace’ [南非]施火项链刑杀害

necklet /ˈneklit/ n.  1  = NECKLACEn.  2  a strip of fur worn round the neck 皮毛围巾

neckline /ˈneklain/ n.  the edge or shape of the opening of a garment at the neck 领口；开领  a square neckline  方形领口

neck of the woods n. colloq.  a locality, esp. Brit. a remote one [口]森林中的居住地区；[尤英]偏远的森林居住区

necktie /ˈnektai/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = TIEn. 

necktie party n. slang  a lynching or hanging [俚语]处私刑杀害(或绞死)

neckwear /ˈnekwɛə/ n.  collars, ties, etc. (领子、领带、围巾等的)颈饰

necro- /ˈnekrəʊ/ comb. form  corpse [构词成分]尸体 [from or suggested by Greek nekro- from nekros ‘corpse’]

necrobiosis /nekrə(ʊ)baiˈəʊsis/ n.  decay in the tissues of the body, esp. swelling of the collagen bundles in the dermis 渐进性坏死(尤指真皮胶原束肿胀) □ necrobiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.  

necrolatry /neˈkrɒlətri/ n.  worship of, or excessive reverence towards, the dead (对死者的)崇拜(或过分尊敬)

necrology /neˈkrɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a list of recently dead people (近期)死亡者名册 2  an obituary notice 讣告，死亡通知 □ necrological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

necromancy /ˈnekrə(ʊ)mænsi/ n.  1  the prediction of the future by the supposed communication with the dead (通过与死者假想的联系)召亡魂问卜 2  witchcraft 巫术；魔法 □ necromancer  n.  □ necromantic  /-ˈmæntik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French nigromancie from medieval Latin nigromantia, changed (by association with Latin niger nigri ‘black’) from Late Latin necromantia, from Greek nekromanteia (as NECRO-, -MANCY)]

necrophilia /nekrə(ʊ)ˈfiliə/ n. (also necrophily /neˈkrɒfili/)  a morbid and esp. erotic attraction to corpses (尤指)恋尸癖 □ necrophile  /ˈnekrəfail/ n.  □ necrophiliac  /-ˈfiliæk/ n.  □ necrophilic  adj.  □ necrophilism  /-ˈkrɒfiliz(ə)m/ n.  □ necrophilist  /-ˈkrɒfilist/ n.   [NECRO- + Greek -philia ‘loving’]

necrophobia /nekrə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of death or dead bodies 死亡(尸体)恐怖 [NECRO- + PHOBIA]

necropolis /neˈkrɒpəlis/ n.  an ancient cemetery or burial place (古代的)坟场；大墓地 [Greek, formed as NECRO- + polis ‘city’]

necropsy /ˈnekrɒpsi, neˈkrɒpsi/ n. (also 亦作 necroscopy /-ˈkrɒskəpi/) (pl. -ies)  = AUTOPSY 1  [NECRO-, on the pattern of AUTOPSY, or + -SCOPY]

necrosis /neˈkrəʊsis/ n. Med. & Physiol.  the death of tissue caused by disease or injury, esp. as one of the symptoms of gangrene or pulmonary tuberculosis 【医】【生理】(由于疾病或受伤而导致的)坏死(尤指坏疽或肺结核的症状) □ necrotic  /-ˈkrɒtik/ adj.  □ necrotize  /ˈnekrətaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin from Greek nekrōsis (as NECRO-, -OSIS)]

nectar /ˈnektə/ n.  1  a sugary substance produced by plants to attract pollinating insects and made into honey by bees (植物产生的)花蜜(以吸引授粉的昆虫；也可由蜜蜂酿成蜂蜜) 2 (in Greek and Roman mythology) the drink of the gods (在希腊和罗马神话中的)琼浆玉液；神酒 3  a drink compared to this (可与之相比的)甘露 □ nectarean  /-ˈtɛəriən/ adj.  □ nectareous  /-ˈtɛəriəs/ adj.  □ nectariferous  /-ˈrif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ nectarous  adj.   [Latin from Greek nektar]

nectarine /ˈnektərin, -i:n/ n.  1  a variety of peach with a thin brightly coloured smooth skin and firm flesh 蜜桃 2  the tree bearing this 蜜桃树 [originally as adj., = nectar-like, from NECTAR + -INE4]

nectary /ˈnekt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the nectar-secreting organ of a flower or plant 蜜腺(花朵或植物分泌花蜜的器官) [modern Latin nectarium (as NECTAR)]

Ned /ned/   内德 [人名]

NEDC abbr. hist. (in the UK) National Economic Development Council [缩略] [史义] (英国)全国经济发展委员会

Neddy /ˈnedi/   内迪 [人名]

neddy /ˈnedi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a donkey 驴 2 (作 Neddy) hist. [史义]  = NEDC  [diminutive of Ned, pet form of the name Edward]

need /ni:d/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  stand in want of; require 缺乏；需要  needs a new coat  需要一件新外套 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.; 3rd sing. present neg. or interrog. need without to 用于第三人称单数现在时的否定句或疑问句时不带 to)  be under the necessity or obligation 必须；必要  it needs to be done carefully  这件事须谨慎地做 he need not come  他不必来 need you ask?  你一定要问吗？ 3 intr. archaic  be necessary [古义]有必要 ●n.  1  a  a want or requirement 需要；需求  my needs are few  我的需求很少 the need for greater freedom  需要更大自由b  a thing wanted 需要的东西  my greatest need is a car  我最需要的东西是一辆小汽车 2  circumstances requiring some course of action; necessity 必要；必需品  there is no need to worry  不必烦恼 if need arise  必要时 3  destitution; poverty 贫穷；贫困；缺乏 4  a crisis; an emergency 危机；紧急事件  failed them in their need  在他们危急的时候使他们失望 □ at need   in time of need 必要时□ had need  archaic  ought to [古义]应该  had need remember  应该记住□ have need of   require; want 需要；要有□ have need to   require to 需要  has need to be warned  需要被提醒□ in need   requiring help 需要帮助□ in need of   requiring 需要□ need not have   did not need to (but did) (本)不必做(但做了) [Old English nēodian, nēd, from Germanic]

needful /ˈni:dfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  requisite; necessary; indispensable 必要的；需要的；不可缺少的 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  what is necessary 所需要的东西b colloq.  money or action needed for a purpose [口] (为某一目的所需要的)金钱(或行动) □ needfully  adv.  □ needfulness  n.  

needle /ˈni:d(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a very thin small piece of smooth steel etc. pointed at one end and with a slit (eye) for thread at the other, used in sewing (由钢等制作一头有眼儿的)针b  a larger plastic, wooden, etc. slender stick without an eye, used in knitting (用于针织，塑料或木等制的)毛衣针c  a slender hooked stick used in crochet 钩针 2  a pointer on a dial (see 见 MAGNETIC NEEDLE) 指针 3  any of several small thin pointed instruments, esp. (一些小的、细的)尖顶工具，尤指 :a  a surgical instrument for stitching (外科用)缝合针b  the end of a hypodermic syringe 注射器的针头c  = STYLUS 1 d  an etching tool 蚀刻版画用的工具e  a steel pin exploding the cartridge of a breech-loading gun 撞针 4  a  an obelisk 方尖塔  Cleopatra's Needle  克娄巴特拉方尖塔b  a pointed rock or peak 尖顶岩石(或山峰) 5  the leaf of a fir or pine tree 杉(或松树)的针叶 6  a beam used as a temporary support during underpinning 撑木 7 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) Brit. slang  a fit of bad temper or nervousness [英] [俚语]一阵坏脾气；一阵紧张  got the needle while waiting  等待时心神不安 ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  incite or irritate; provoke [口]刺激；激怒；挑逗  refused to be needled by him  拒绝他的挑逗 2  sew, pierce, or operate on with a needle 用针缝(刺或动手术) □ needle in a haystack   something almost impossible to find because it is concealed by so many other similar things 海里捞针 [Old English nœdl, from Germanic]

needlecord /ˈni:d(ə)lkɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a fine-ribbed corduroy fabric [英]细灯芯绒布

needlecraft /ˈni:d(ə)lkrɑ:ft/ n.  skill in needlework 刺绣；缝纫(技艺)

needlefish /ˈni:d(ə)lfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 单复同)  a garfish 长嘴硬鳞的鱼；腭针鱼

needleful /ˈni:d(ə)lfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  the length of thread etc. put into a needle at onetime (穿在针上的)一次所用线(丝线等)的长度

needle game n. (also 亦作 needle match etc.) Brit.  a contest that is very close or arouses personal grudges [英]扣人心弦的比赛；势均力敌的比赛

needle-lace n.  lace made with needles not bobbins 针绣花边

needlepoint /ˈni:d(ə)lpɔint/ n.  1  a very sharp point 针尖 2  = NEEDLE-LACE  3  = GROS POINTor PETIT POINT 1 

needle's eye n. (also 亦作 eye of a needle)  the least possible aperture, esp. with reference to Matt 19:24 针眼；最小的孔眼(尤参见《圣经·马太福音》 19:24)

needless /ˈni:dlis/ adj.  1  unnecessary 不需要的；不必要的 2  uncalled for; gratuitous 未经邀请的；无理由的 □ needless to say   of course; it goes without saying 当然；不用说□ needlessly  adv.  □ needlessness  n.  

needle time n. Brit.  an agreed maximum allowance of time for broadcasting recorded music, originally music from records [英]唱片音乐节目播送的最长时间

needle valve n.  a valve closed by a thin tapering part 针阀

needlewoman /ˈni:d(ə)lwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  1  a seamstress 缝纫女工 2  a woman or girl with specified sewing skill 女裁缝  a good needlewoman  一位手艺高超的女裁缝

needlework /ˈni:d(ə)lwɜ:k/ n.  sewing or embroidery 缝纫；刺绣；针线活

needn't /ˈni:d(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  need not 

needs /ni:dz/ adv. (usu. prec. or foll. by 通常前接或后跟 must) archaic  of necessity [古义]必须  must needs decide  必须决定 [Old English nēdes (as NEED, -S3)]

needy /ˈni:di/ adj. (needier, neediest)  1 (of a person) poor; destitute (人)贫穷的；穷困的 2 (of circumstances) characterized by poverty (环境)不良的 □ neediness  n.  

neem /ni:m/ n.  a tree, Azadirachta indica (mahogany family), whose leaves and bark are used medicinally in the Indian subcontinent 楝树(桃花心木科，生长于印度次大陆，叶子和树皮可以入药) [Hindi nīm]

neep /ni:p/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a turnip, now esp. a swede [苏格兰和英格兰北部]萝卜(现尤指芜菁甘蓝) [Old English nœp from Latin napus]

ne'er /nɛə/ adv. poet. [诗]  = NEVER  [Middle English contraction of NEVER]

ne'er-do-well n. & adj. ●n.  a good-for-nothing person 游手好闲的人 ●adj.  good-for-nothing 游手好闲的

nefarious /niˈfɛəriəs/ adj.  wicked; iniquitous 坏的，邪恶的 □ nefariously  adv.  □ nefariousness  n.   [Latin nefarius from nefas ‘wrong’, from ne- ‘not’ + fas ‘divine law’]

neg /neɡ/ n. colloq.  a photographic negative [口]照相负片(底片)

neg. abbr. [缩略]  negative 

negate /niˈɡeit/ v. tr.  1  nullify, make ineffective, invalidate, destroy 废除；使无效；取消；毁灭 2  deny, deny the existence of 否定；否认 3 Gram.  make (a clause, sentence, etc.) negative in meaning 【语法】使(从句、句子等)在意思上否定 [Latin negare negat- ‘deny’]

negation /niˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the act of contradicting or denying a statement or allegation; the act of refusing 表示否定的行为(或主张)；否定；拒绝b  an instance of this; a contradiction, denial, or refusal; a negative statement or doctrine 否定(或拒绝)的事例；对立面；反驳；拒绝；否定的陈述(或学说) 2  the absence or opposite of something actual or positive 不存在；反面  death is the negation of life  死是生的反面 3 Gram. 【语法】  a  the grammatical process by which the truth of a clause or sentence is denied, involving the use of a negative word, e.g.not, no, never 语法否定，包括运用否定词语(如 not, no, never)b  an instance of this (运用否定词)否定的例子 4  a negative or unreal thing; a nonentity 不存在的(虚假的)东西；虚无 5 Logic  the assertion that a certain proposition is false 【逻辑学】(命题的)否定 □ negatory  /ˈneɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French negation or Latin negatio (as NEGATE)]

negative /ˈneɡətiv/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  expressing or implying denial, prohibition, or refusal (表明或暗示)否定的(禁止的或拒绝的)  a negative vote  反对票 a negative answer  否定回答 2 (of a person or attitude) (人或态度):a  lacking positive attributes; apathetic; pessimistic 不积极的；无动于衷的；悲观的b  opposing or resisting; uncooperative 反对的；反抗的；不合作的 3  marked by the absence of qualities 负面的  a negative reaction  负面反应 a negative result from the test  考试所产生的不良后果 4  of the opposite nature to a thing regarded as positive 相反的，对立的  debt is negative capital  负债就是资本亏欠 5 Gram. (of a word, clause, etc.) expressing negation 【语法】(词、从句等)否定的 6 (of a quantity) less than zero, to be subtracted from others or from zero (opp. 反义 POSITIVE adj. 9) (数量)负数的，负的 7 Electr. 【电】  a  of the kind of charge carried by electrons (opp. 反义 POSITIVE adj. 10) 负的；阴的b  containing or producing such a charge 带(或产生)负电的 8 Logic  expressing negation or denial of a proposition 【逻辑学】(表达)否定命题的 ●n.  1  a negative statement or reply 否定的陈述(或答复)  hard to prove a negative  很难证明否定命题 2 Photog. 【摄】  a  an image with black and white reversed or colours replaced by complementary ones, from which positive pictures are obtained 底片b  a developed film or plate bearing such an image 冲好的胶卷(或底片) 3 Gram. 【语法】  = NEGATOR 2  4 (prec. by 前接 the)  the side or aspect of a question which is opposed to the affirmative or positive 否定方面(回答) 5  a negative quality or characteristic 消极的特性(特色)；负面 6 Logic 【逻辑学】  = NEGATION 5  ●v. tr.  1  refuse to accept or countenance; veto; reject 不接受；否决；拒绝；抵制 2  disprove (an inference or hypothesis) 反驳(推论或假设) 3  contradict (a statement) 与(陈述)相矛盾 4  neutralize (an effect) 使(作用)无效(抵消) □ in the negative   with negative effect; so as to reject a proposal etc.; no (建议等)否定的；拒绝的  the answer was in the negative  回答是否定的□ negatively  adv.  □ negativeness  n.  □ negativity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French negatif -ive or Late Latin negativus (as NEGATE)]

negative equity n.  the indebtedness arising when the market value of a property falls below the outstanding amount of a mortgage secured on it (财产的市场价值跌落到低于抵押物价值所产生的)负净价

negative evidence n.  evidence of the non-occurrence of something (证明事件并未发生的)反面证据

negative feedback n.  1  the return of part of an output signal to the input, tending to decrease the amplification etc. 负反馈(信号的部分返回) 2 esp. Biol.  the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it (尤)【生】(通过对产生过程的影响)减小(抵消)效果 3  a negative response to a questionnaire, an experiment, etc. (对调查问卷、试验等的)负反应

negative geotropism n.  the tendency of stems etc. to grow away from the centre of the earth (茎等的)负向地性

negative income tax n.  an amount credited as allowance to a taxed income, and paid as benefit when it exceeds debited tax 逆所得税，低收入补助

negative instance n.  = NEGATIVE EVIDENCE 

negative pole n.  the south-seeking pole of a magnet 负极

negative prescription n.  the time limit within which an action or claim can be raised 消灭时效(在一定时间内可采取行动或提出要求)

negative proposition n. Logic 【逻辑学】  = NEGATION 5 

negative quantity n. joc.  nothing [诙]无；零

negative sign n.  a symbol (-) indicating subtraction or a value less than zero 负号 (-)

negative virtue n.  abstention from vice 消极德行

negativism /ˈneɡətiviz(ə)m/ n.  1  a negative position or attitude; extreme scepticism, criticism, etc. 否定的立场(态度)；极端怀疑(怀疑主义等) 2  denial of accepted beliefs 对公认信念的否定，否定论 □ negativist  n.  □ negativistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  

negator /niˈɡeitə/ n.  1  a person who denies something 否认的人；拒绝的人 2 Gram.  a word or particle expressing negation, e.g. not, don't 【语法】否定词(表示否定的词或小品词等，如 not, don't)

neglect /niˈɡlekt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  fail to care for or to do; be remiss about 疏忽；疏漏  neglected their duty  他们玩忽职守 neglected his children  疏忽了对孩子的照顾 2 (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun, or to + infin.)  fail; overlook or forget the need to 漏做；忽略  neglected to inform them  忘了通知他们 neglected telling them  忘了告诉过他们 3  not pay attention to; disregard 忽视；漠视  neglected the obvious warning  漠视明显的警告 ●n.  1  lack of caring; negligence 不关心；疏忽  the house suffered from neglect  这所房子无人照看 2  a  the act of neglecting 疏忽(忽略)的行为b  the state of being neglected 被忽略的状态  the house fell into neglect  这房子落到无人照看的地步 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  disregard 忽视；不顾 □ neglectful  adj.  □ neglectfully  adv.  □ neglectfulness  n.   [Latin neglegere neglect-, from neg- ‘not’ + legere ‘choose, pick up’]

negligence /ˈneɡlidʒ(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  a lack of proper care and attention; carelessness 忽视；疏忽；粗心大意b  an act of carelessness 粗心大意之行为 2 Law 【法律】  = CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE  3 Art  freedom from restraint or artificiality 【艺术】自由奔放 □ negligent  adj.  □ negligently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French negligence or Latin negligentia from negligere = neglegere: see NEGLECT]

negligible /ˈneɡlidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  not worth considering; insignificant 可以忽略的；无关紧要的 □ negligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ negligibly  adv.   [obsolete French from négliger NEGLECT]

negligible quantity n.  a person etc. that need not be considered 微不足道的(无足轻重的)人(量、因素等)

negligée /ˈneɡliʒei/ n. (also 亦作 negligee, négligé)  1 (usu. 通常作 negligee)  a woman's dressing gown of thin fabric (用薄面料做成的)女便服(睡衣) 2  unceremonious or informal attire 随便的衣着；休闲服 [French, past part. of négliger NEGLECT]

negotiable /niˈɡəʊʃəb(ə)l, -ʃiə-/ adj.  1  open to discussion or modification 可讨论的；可改变的 2  able to be negotiated 可磋商的 □ negotiability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

negotiate /niˈɡəʊʃieit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  confer with others in order to reach a compromise or agreement 商谈；协商 2 tr.  arrange (a matter) or bring about (a result) by negotiating 通过协商使(事情)达成(成果)  negotiated a settlement  达成了解决的协议 3 tr.  find a way over, through, etc. (an obstacle, difficulty, fence, etc.) 通过；越过(障碍、困难或栅栏等) 4 tr.  a  transfer (a cheque etc.) to another for a consideration 转让(支票等)b  convert (a cheque etc.) into cash or notes (把支票等)洽兑现金(或票据)c  get or give value for (a cheque etc.) in money 把(支票等)变成货币 □ negotiant  /-ʃiənt/ n.  □ negotiation  /-ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ negotiator  n.   [Latin negotiari from negotium ‘business’, from neg- ‘not’ + otium ‘leisure’]

Negress /ˈni:ɡris/ n.  a female Negro 女黑人■Usage 用法说明 The term Negress is now often considered offensive; black is usually preferred. Negress 一词被认为具冒犯性，现在通常用 black 。 

Negrillo /niˈɡriləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a member of a very small Negroid people native to central and southern Africa (非洲中部和南部的)矮小黑人 [Spanish, diminutive of NEGRO]

Negrito /niˈɡri:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a member of a small Negroid people native to the Austronesian region (澳斯特罗尼西亚地区的)矮小黑人 [as NEGRILLO]

Negritude /ˈneɡritju:d/ n.  1  the quality or state of being black 黑人的气质(或特征) 2  the affirmation or consciousness of the value of black culture 对黑人文化价值的肯定(或意识) [French négritude NIGRITUDE]

Negro /ˈni:ɡrəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -oes)  a member of a dark-skinned race originally native to Africa (源于非洲的)黑人 ●adj.  of or concerning Negroes 黑人的；与黑人有关的 [Spanish & Portuguese, from Latin niger nigri ‘black’]■Usage 用法说明 The term Negro is now often considered offensive; black is usually preferred. Negro 一词被认为具有冒犯性，现在通常用 black 。 

negro /ˈni:ɡrəʊ/ adj. Zool.  black or dark 【动】黑的；深色的  negro ant  黑蚂蚁 [NEGRO]

Negroid /ˈni:ɡrɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of features etc.) characteristic of a black person of African ethnic origin, (esp. in having dark skin, tightly curled hair, and a broad flattish nose) (容貌等)有非洲黑人特征的(尤指其黑色皮肤、卷曲的头发和大而平的鼻子) 2  of or concerning blacks (有关)黑人的 ●n.  a black person 黑人 [NEGRO]

Negro spiritual n.  a religious song derived from the musical traditions of black people in the southern US (源于美国南部的)黑人灵歌

Negus /ˈni:ɡəs/ n. hist.  the title of the ruler of Ethiopia [史义] (埃塞俄比亚统治者的称号)尼格斯 [Amharic n'gus ‘king’]

negus /ˈni:ɡəs/ n. hist.  a hot drink of port, sugar, lemon, and spice [史义]尼格斯酒(由葡萄酒、糖、柠檬和香料合成的热饮料) [named after Col. F. Negus (d. 1732), its inventor]

Neh. abbr.  Nehemiah (Old Testament) [缩略] 《尼希米记》(《圣经·旧约》)

neigh /nei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the high whinnying sound of a horse 马嘶声 2  any similar sound, e.g. a laugh 似马嘶一样的声音(如大笑) ●v.  1 intr.  make such a sound 发出马嘶一样的声音 2 tr.  say, cry, etc. with such a sound 似马嘶般声音说(或哭诉等) [Old English hnœgan, of imitative origin]

neighbour /ˈneibə/ n. & v. (US [美] neighbor) ●n.  1  a person living next door to or near or nearest another 邻居  my next-door neighbour  我的隔壁邻居 his nearest neighbour is 12 miles away  他最近的邻居离他有 12 英里远 they are neighbours  他们是邻居 2  a  a person regarded as having the duties or claims of friendliness, consideration, etc., of a neighbour (被认为拥有朋友般责任、顾及他人等的)乐于助人者b  a fellow human being, esp. as having claims on friendship 朋友(尤指主张友谊的人) 3  a person or thing near or next to another 邻座的人；邻接的东西  my neighbour at dinner  在我旁边吃饭的人 4 (作 attrib.)  neighbouring 邻居的，邻近的 ●v.  1 tr.  border on; adjoin 与…连接；邻接 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  border; adjoin 接壤；比邻 □ neighbouring  adj.  □ neighbourless  adj.  □ neighbourship  n.   [Old English nēahgebūr, from neah NIGH + gebūr, a tenant-farmer, cf. BOOR]

neighbourhood /ˈneibəhʊd/ n. (US [美] neighborhood)  1  a  a district, esp. one forming a community within a town or city 地区；居民点b  the people of a district; one's neighbours 邻居，邻里 2  neighbourly feeling or conduct 邻里情谊(或行为) □ in the neighbourhood of   roughly; about …左右，大约  paid in the neighbourhood of £ 100  付了大约 100 英镑

neighbourhood watch n.  systematic local vigilance by householders to discourage crime, esp. against property (尤指为阻止财产犯罪等地方组织的)街道值勤计划；邻里警卫

neighbourly /ˈneibəli/ adj. (US [美] neighborly)  characteristic of a good neighbour; friendly; kind 睦邻的，友好的，亲切的 □ neighbourliness  n.  

Neil /ni:l/   尼尔 [人名]

neither /ˈnaiðə, ˈni:-/ det., pron., adv. & conj. ●det. & pron. (with a sing. verb) not the one nor the other (of two things); not either (两者中)两者都不；既非  neither wish was granted  两个请求都未得到允许 neither of the accusations is true  两个指控都不是真的 neither of them knows  他们俩都不知道 neither went to the fair  他们俩谁也没去市场 ●adv.  1  not either; not on the one hand (foll. by 后跟 nor; introducing the first of two or more things in the negative) 既不…也不  neither knowing nor caring  既不知道，也不关心 would neither come in nor go out  既不进来，也不出去 neither the teachers nor the parents nor the children  既非老师、家长，也非孩子 2  not either; also not 也不  if you do not, neither shall I  如果你不；我也不 3 (with neg. 与否定词连用) disp.  either [异议]也  I don't know that neither  我也不知道 ●conj. archaic  nor yet; nor [古义]也不；也没有  I know not, neither can I guess  我不知道，也猜不到 [Middle English naither, neither from Old English nowther, contraction of nōhwœther (as NO2, WHETHER): assimilated to EITHER]■Usage 用法说明 It is generally considered wrong to use neither instead of either in sense 3 of the adverb to strengthen a preceding negative. A double negative, though standard in languages such as Spanish, is unacceptable in standard English. 通常认为在副词释义 3 中，为加强对前面的否定，用 neither 代替 either 是错误的。双重否定在有些语言中，如在西班牙语中，被认为是规范的。而在标准英语中，它却被认为是无法接受的。 

nek /nek/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  = COL 1  [Dutch, = NECK]

nekton /ˈnekt(ə)n, -tɒn/ n. Zool.  aquatic animals able to swim and move independently (cf. 参见 PLANKTON) 【动】自泳生物 [German from Greek nēkton, neut. of nēktos ‘swimming’, from nēkhō ‘swim’]

Nell /nel/   内尔 [人名]

Nellie /ˈneli/   内利 [人名]

Nelly /nel/   内利 [人名]

nelly /ˈneli/ n. (pl. -ies)  a silly or effeminate person 愚蠢的(或女人气的)人 □ not on your nelly  Brit. slang  certainly not [英] [俚语]当然不 [perhaps from the name Nelly: idiom from rhyming slang Nelly Duff = puff = breath: cf. not on your life]

nelson /ˈnels(ə)n/ n.  a wrestling hold in which one arm is passed under the opponent's arm from behind and the hand is applied to the neck (half nelson 单臂扼颈，侧面肩下握颈), or both arms and hands are applied (full nelson 双臂扼颈，双肩下握颈) (摔跤用语)肩下握颈 [apparently from the name Nelson]

Nelson touch n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  a masterly or sympathetic approach to a problem [英]纳尔逊式地(巧妙地或同情真切地)切入某问题 [from H. Nelson (d. 1805), British Admiral at Trafalgar]

nelumbo /niˈlʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = LOTUS 2a  [modern Latin from Sinhalese nelum(bu)]

nematic /niˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  designating or involving a state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are oriented in parallel but not arranged in well-defined planes (cf. 参见 SMECTIC) (液晶)向列的(一种液晶状态，在该状态中分子按平行线取向而不是按层状取向) ●n.  a nematic substance 向列物质 [Greek nēma nēmat- ‘thread’ + -IC]

nematocyst /niˈmætə(ʊ)sist, ˈnemət-/ n.  a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defence or to capture prey (水母或其他腔肠动物触角上的)刺丝囊(含有倒刺有毒的盘卷线状物，在保护自己或捕食时会伸出) [as NEMATIC + CYST]

nematode /ˈnemətəʊd/ n.  any parasitic or free-living worm of the phylum Nematoda, with a slender unsegmented cylindrical shape Also called 亦称作 ROUNDWORM 线虫(寄生的或自由生活的蠕虫，属线虫门，貌纤细、未分段、圆筒状) [Greek nēma nēmat- ‘thread’ + -ODE1]

Nembutal /ˈnembjʊt(ə)l, -tɑ:l/ n. propr.  a sodium salt of pentobarbitone, used as a sedative and anticonvulsant [商标]宁比泰；戊巴比妥钠(一种安眠和镇静药) [N a (= sodium) + ETHYL, METHYL, BUTYL (elements of the systematic name) + -AL]

nem. con. /nem ˈkɒn/ abbr.  with no one dissenting [缩略]无人持异议 [Latin nemine contradicente]

nemertean /niˈmɜ:tiən, neməˈti:ən, ˈneməti:n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 nemertine /-tain/) ●n.  any aquatic worm of the phylum Nemertea, often very long, brightly coloured, and tangled into knots, found in coastal waters of Europe and the Mediterranean Also called 亦称作 ribbon worm (纽形动物门的)纽形动物(颜色鲜艳、体长、常缠作一团，生活在欧洲和地中海沿岸水域) ●adj.  of or relating to this phylum (有关)纽形动物门的 [modern Latin Nemertes from Greek Nēmertēs, the name of a sea nymph]

nemesia /niˈmi:ʒə/ n.  any S. African plant of the genus Nemesia, cultivated for its variously coloured and irregular flowers (南部非洲)龙面花属植物(颜色不同，开花各异) [modern Latin from Greek nemesion, the name of a similar plant]

nemesis /ˈnemisis/ n. (pl. nemeses /-ˌsi:z/)  1  retributive justice 报应；天谴 2  a  a downfall caused by this (所带来的)惩罚b  an agent of such a downfall 惩罚的媒介 [Greek, = righteous indignation, personified as goddess of retribution, from nemō ‘give what is due’]

neo- /ˈni:əʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  new, modern 新的；现代的 2  a new or revived form of (某物)新的(或复兴的)形式 [Greek from neos ‘new’]

neoclassical /ni:əʊˈklæsik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 neoclassic /-sik/)  of or relating to a revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, music, etc. (艺术、文学、音乐等)新古典主义的；与新古典主义有关的 □ neoclassicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ neoclassicist  /-sist/ n.  

neocolonialism /ˌni:əʊkəˈləʊniəliz(ə)m/ n.  the use of economic, political, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, esp. former dependencies 新殖民主义(尤指以前的托管国) □ neocolonialist  n. & adj.  

Neo-Darwinian /ˌni:əʊdɑ:ˈwiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the modern version of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, incorporating the findings of genetics (有关)达尔文新进化论的；(有关)新达尔文主义的 ●n.  an adherent of this theory 新达尔文主义的信徒 □ Neo-Darwinism  /ni:əʊˈdɑ:-/ n.  □ Neo-Darwinist  /ni:əʊˈdɑ:-/ n.  

neodymium /ni:ə(ʊ)ˈdimiəm/ n. Chem.  a silver-grey naturally occurring metallic element of the lanthanide series used in colouring glass etc. (symbol 符 Nd) 【化】(化学元素)钕(用于彩色玻璃等) [NEO- + DIDYMIUM]

neo-fascist /ni:əʊˈfæʃist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person belonging to an organization based on the Italian Fascist movement of the early 20th century 新法西斯主义者 (20 世纪早期意大利的法西斯运动组织成员) ●adj.  of or relating to neo-fascists or neo-fascism (有关)新法西斯主义(者)的 □ neo-fascism  n.  

neo-Georgian /ni:əʊˈdʒɔ:dʒ(ə)n/ adj.  of or relating to a revival of a Georgian style in architecture (建筑中) (有关)新乔治王朝风格的 [GEORGIAN1]

neolithic /ni:ə(ʊ)ˈliθik/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the later Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed (有关)新石器时代的 ●n.  the neolithic period 新石器时代 [NEO- + Greek lithos ‘stone’]

neologism /niˈɒlədʒiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a new word or expression 新词语；新的表达方式 2  the coining or use of new words 杜撰新词；使用新词 □ neologist  n.  □ neologize  /-dʒaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French néologisme (as NEO-, -LOGY, -ISM)]

neomycin /ni:əʊˈmaisin/ n.  an antibiotic related to streptomycin (与链霉素有关的抗生素)新霉素

neon /ˈni:ɒn/ n. Chem.  an inert gaseous element occurring in traces in the atmosphere and giving an orange glow when electricity is passed through it in a sealed low-pressure tube, used in lights and illuminated advertisements (symbol 符 Ne) 【化】(化学元素)氖  neon light  氖灯；霓虹灯 neon sign  霓虹灯广告牌 [Greek, neut. of neos ‘new’]

neonate /ˈni:ə(ʊ)neit/ n.  a newborn child (or mammal) 新生儿(或哺乳动物) □ neonatal  /-ˈneit(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin neonatus (as NEO-, Latin nasci nat- ‘be born’)]

neo-Nazi /ni:ə(ʊ)ˈnɑ:tsi, -ˈnɑ:zi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. neo-Nazis)  a person belonging to an organization based on or deriving from the German National Socialist Party, or holding extreme racist views 新纳粹主义分子(德国国家社会党成员或持极度种族主义观点的人) ●adj.  of or relating to neo-Nazis or neo-Nazism (有关)新纳粹主义(分子)的 □ neo-Nazism  n.  

neophobia /ni:əʊˈfəʊbiə/ n.  a fear or dislike of what is new 对新事物的恐惧(或厌恶)

neophyte /ˈni:ə(ʊ)fait/ n.  1  a new convert, esp. to a religious faith (尤指改变宗教信仰的)新入教者 2 RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  a novice of a religious order 新教徒b  a newly ordained priest 新受圣职的神父 3  a beginner; a novice 新手；初学者 [ecclesiastical Latin neophytus from NT Greek neophutos ‘newly planted’ (as NEO- phuton ‘plant’)]

neoplasm /ˈni:ə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n.  a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, esp. a tumour (身体某一部分中的)新生物(尤指肿瘤) □ neoplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [NEO- + Greek plasma ‘formation’: see PLASMA]

Neoplatonism /ni:əʊˈpleit(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  a philosophical and religious system developed by the followers of Plotinus in the third c., combining Platonic thought with oriental mysticism 新柏拉图哲学 (3 世纪柏罗丁的追随者把柏拉图思想和东方神秘教结合而发展起来的哲学宗教体系) □ Neoplatonic  /-pləˈtɒnik/ adj.  □ Neoplatonist  n.  

neoprene /ˈni:ə(ʊ)pri:n/ n.  a synthetic rubber-like polymer 合成橡胶；氯丁橡胶 [NEO- + prene on the pattern of chloroprene etc. (perhaps from PROPYL + -ENE)]

neoteny /ni:ˈɒt(ə)ni/ n. Zool. 【动】  1  the retention of juvenile features in the adult; paedomorphosis 幼态持续；幼体发育 2  sexual maturity of an animal still in a larval stage, e.g. an axolotl 幼期性成熟(如美西螈) □ neotenic  /-ˈtenik/ adj.  □ neotenous  adj.   [German Neotenie (as NEO- + Greek teinō ‘extend’)]

neoteric /ni:ə(ʊ)ˈterik/ adj. literary  recent; newfangled; modern [文学用语]新近的；新颖的；现代的 [Late Latin neotericus from Greek neōterikos from neōteros, comparative of neos ‘new’]

neotropical /ni:əʊˈtrɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to tropical and S. America as a biogeographical region 属于(有关)新热带区(作为生物地理区的热带及南美)的

Nepal   尼泊尔

Nepalese /nepəˈli:z, -pɔ:-/ adj. & n. (pl. same 单复同)  = NEPALI 

Nepali /niˈpɔ:li, -ˈpɑ:li/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Nepalis)  1  a  a native or national of Nepal in central Asia 尼泊尔人；尼泊尔国民b  a person of Nepali descent 尼泊尔人后裔 2  the language of Nepal 尼泊尔语 ●adj.  of or relating to Nepal or its language or people (有关)尼泊尔的；(有关)尼泊尔语的；(有关)尼泊尔人的

nepenthe /niˈpenθi/ n. poet. [诗]  = NEPENTHES 1  [variant of NEPENTHES, after Italian nepente]

nepenthes /niˈpenθi:z/ n.  1 poet.  a drug causing forgetfulness of grief [诗]忘忧药 2  any pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes 猎笼草属瓶状类植物 [Latin from Greek nēpenthes (pharmakon ‘drug’), neut. of nēpenthēs, from nē- ‘not’ + penthos ‘grief’]

nephelometer /nefəˈlɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the size and concentration of particles suspended in a liquid or gas, esp. by means of the light they scatter 能见度测定表；悬浮体散射仪(尤指通过液体、气体中悬浮颗粒物所散发的光测定其大小和浓度的仪器) [Greek nephelē ‘cloud’ + -METER]

nephew /ˈnefju:, ˈnevju:/ n.  a son of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law 侄子；外甥 [Middle English via Old French neveu from Latin nepos nepotis ‘grandson, nephew’]

nephology /niˈfɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of clouds 云学 [Greek nephos ‘cloud’ + -LOGY]

nephrite /ˈnefrait/ n.  a green, yellow, or white calcium magnesium silicate form of jade 软玉 [German Nephrit from Greek nephros ‘kidney’, with reference to its supposed efficacy in treating kidney disease]

nephritic /niˈfritik/ adj.  1  of or in the kidneys; renal 肾脏的；在肾脏中的；肾脏区的 2  of or relating to nephritis (有关)肾炎的 [Late Latin nephriticus from Greek nephritikos (as NEPHRITIS)]

nephritis /niˈfraitis/ n.  inflammation of the kidneys Also called 亦称作 Bright's disease 肾炎 [Late Latin from Greek nephros ‘kidney’]

nephro- /ˈnefrəʊ/ comb. form (usu. nephr- before a vowel 在元音前通常作 nephr-)  kidney [构词成分]肾 [Greek from nephros ‘kidney’]

ne plus ultra /nei plʊs ˈʊltrɑ:/ n.  1  the furthest attainable point 顶点；极点 2  the culmination, acme, or perfection 登峰造极；至高无上；极致 [Latin, = not further beyond, the supposed inscription on the Pillars of Hercules (the Strait of Gibraltar) prohibiting passage by ships]

nepotism /ˈnepətiz(ə)m/ n.  favouritism shown to relatives or friends in conferring offices or privileges 任人惟亲；重用亲属 □ nepotist  n.  □ nepotistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.   [French népotisme from Italian nepotismo, from nepote NEPHEW: originally with reference to popes with illegitimate sons who were called ‘nephews’]

Neptune /ˈneptju:n/ n.  a distant planet of the solar system, eighth from the sun, discovered in 1846 from mathematical computations 海王星 (1846 年通过数学计算而发现的太阳系中的远离太阳的第 8 颗行星) [Middle English from French Neptune or Latin Neptunus, the god of the sea]

neptunium /nepˈtju:niəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced when uranium atoms absorb bombarding neutrons (symbol 符 Np) 【化】(化学元素)镎 [NEPTUNE, on the pattern of URANIUM, being the next planet beyond Uranus]

NERC abbr. (in the UK) Natural Environment Research Council [缩略] (英国)自然环境研究委员会

nerd /nɜ:d/ n. (also 亦作 nurd) orig. US slang  a foolish, feeble, or uninteresting person [源于美] [俚语]愚蠢的人；衰弱的人；乏味的人 □ nerdy  adj.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

nereid /ˈniəriid/ n.  1 Mythol.  a sea nymph 【神话】海中女仙 2 Zool.  a carnivorous marine polychaete worm of the ragworm family Nereidae 【动】沙蚕(沙蚕科多毛目环节动物) [Latin Nereïs Nereïd- from Greek Nērēis -idos, the daughter of the sea-god Nereus]

nerine /niˈraini, nəˈri:nə/ n.  any S. African plant of the genus Nerine, bearing flowers with usu. six narrow strap-shaped petals, often crimped and twisted (南非的)尼润属植物(通常有 6 个窄条形卷曲的花瓣) [modern Latin from the Latin name of a water nymph]

neroli /ˈniərəli/ n. (in full 全称 neroli oil)  an essential oil from the flowers of the Seville orange, used in perfumery 橙花油(从酸橙花中提炼的，制造香水所必需的一种油) [French néroli from Italian neroli, perhaps from the name of an Italian princess]

nervation /nɜ:ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n. Bot.  the arrangement of nerves in a leaf 【植】脉序(叶脉的排列)

nerve /nɜ:v/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a fibre or bundle of fibres that transmits impulses of sensation or motion between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body 神经b  the tissue constituting these 神经组织 2  a  coolness in danger; bravery; assurance (在危险前)冷静；勇敢；信心b colloq.  impudence, audacity [口]厚颜无耻；大胆  they've got a nerve  他们好大胆子 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the bodily state in regard to physical sensitiveness and the interaction between the brain and other parts 心神不定b  a state of heightened nervousness or sensitivity; a condition of mental or physical stress 神经质；神经紧张  need to calm my nerves  我需要放松一下神经 4  a rib of a leaf, esp. the midrib 叶脉(尤指树叶的中脉) 5 poet. archaic  a sinew or tendon [诗] [古义]肌腱；筋 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. 通常作 refl.)  brace (oneself) to face danger, suffering, etc. 使(自己)勇于面对危险等 2  give strength, vigour, or courage to 使有劲；使振作；使奋勇 □ get on a person's nerves   irritate or annoy a person 使(…)紧张不安；惹得(…)心烦□ have nerves of iron (or steel)  (of a person etc.) be not easily upset or frightened (人等)沉着；有胆量□ hit (or touch) a nerve   remark on or draw attention to a sensitive subject or point (对敏感问题或观点)触及要害(或提起注意)□ nerved  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English, = sinew, from Latin nervus, related to Greek neuron]

nerve cell n.  an elongated branched cell transmitting impulses in nerve tissue 神经细胞

nerve centre n.  1  a group of closely connected nerve cells associated in performing some function 神经中枢 2  the centre of control of an organization etc. (组织等的)核心；中枢

nerve gas n.  a poisonous gas affecting the nervous system 影响神经系统的毒气

nerveless /ˈnɜ:vlis/ adj.  1  inert, lacking vigour or spirit 无活力的；缺乏生气的；无精神的 2  confident; not nervous 有信心的；不紧张的 3 (of style) diffuse (文体)松散的 4  without nervures 无叶脉的 5 Anat. & Zool. 【解】【动】  without nerves 无神经的 □ nervelessly  adv.  □ nervelessness  n.  

nerve-racking adj.  stressful, frightening; straining the nerves 伤脑筋的；刺激神经的

nervine /ˈnɜ:vain, -i:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relieving nerve disorders 镇定神经的；缓解神经的 ●n.  a nervine drug 健神经的药物 [French nervin or medieval Latin nervinus (as NERVE)]

nervo- /ˈnɜ:vəʊ/ comb. form (also nerv- before a vowel 在元音前亦作 nerv-)  a nerve or the nerves [构词成分]神经的；神经系统的

nervous /ˈnɜ:vəs/ adj.  1  having delicate or disordered nerves 神经质的；神经错乱的 2  timid or anxious 胆小的；忧虑的 3  a  excitable; highly strung; easily agitated 易兴奋的；高度神经紧张的；易怒的b  resulting from this temperament 对神经起作用的  nervous tension  神经紧张 a nervous headache  神经性头疼 4  affecting or acting on the nerves 影响(作用于)神经的 5 (foll. by 常后跟 of + verbal noun)  reluctant, afraid 不愿的；害怕的  am nervous of meeting them  害怕遇见他们 □ nervously  adv.  □ nervousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin nervosus (as NERVE)]

nervous breakdown n.  a period of mental illness, usu. resulting from severe depression or anxiety 神经崩溃(通常由于极度抑郁或焦虑)

nervous system n.  the body's network of specialized cells which transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body (cf. 参见 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) 神经系统

nervous wreck n. colloq.  a person suffering from mental stress, exhaustion, etc. [口] (因思想压力、精疲力竭等而引起的)神经衰弱者

nervure /ˈnɜ:vjʊə/ n.  1  each of the hollow tubes that form the framework of an insect's wing; a venule (昆虫的)翅脉 2  the principal vein of a leaf 叶脉 [French nerf ‘nerve’]

nervy /ˈnɜ:vi/ adj. (nervier, nerviest)  1 esp. Brit.  nervous; easily excited or disturbed [尤英]神经紧张的；易激动的；紧张不安的 2 N. Amer. colloq.  bold, impudent [北美口]大胆的；粗鲁的 3 archaic or poet.  sinewy, strong [古义] [诗]健壮的；结实的 □ nervily  adv.  □ nerviness  n.  

nescient /ˈnesiənt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of) literary  lacking knowledge; ignorant [文学用语]无学问的；无知识的 □ nescience  n.   [Late Latin nescientia from Latin nescire ‘not know’, from ne- ‘not’ + scire ‘know’]

ness /nes/ n.  a headland or promontory 海岬；海角 [Old English nœs, related to Old English nasu NOSE]

-ness /nis/ suffix forming nouns from adjectives, and occasionally other words, expressing 由形容词或偶尔由其他词构成名词，表示 :  1  state or condition, or an instance of this (bitterness 悲痛 ; conceitedness 自负 ; happiness 快乐 ; a kindness 亲切) 状态；条件；具体事件 2  something in a certain state (wilderness 荒野) 处于一种特定状态下的某物 [Old English -nes, -ness, from Germanic]

nest /nest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a structure or place where a bird lays eggs and shelters its young 鸟巢 2  an animal's or insect's breeding place or lair (动物或昆虫的)孵卵地；窝穴 3  a snug or secluded retreat or shelter 安乐窝；隐蔽处；掩体 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a place fostering something undesirable 温床；窝点  a nest of vice  罪恶的温床 5  a brood or swarm 一窝；一群 6  a group or set of similar objects, often of different sizes and fitting together for storage (类似物件的)一组；(大小不同可套叠、适于收存的)一套  a nest of tables  一套桌子 ●v.  1 intr.  use or build a nest 入巢；筑巢 2 intr.  take wild birds' nests or eggs 找鸟巢；摸鸟蛋 3 intr. (of objects) fit together or one inside another (物体)套叠 4 tr. (usu. as 通常作 nested adj.)  establish in or as in a nest (似)嵌套的 □ nestful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ nesting  n.  嵌套□ nestlike  adj.   [Old English nest]

nest box n. (also 亦作 nesting box)  a box provided for a domestic fowl or other bird to make its nest in 鸟(或家禽的)盒子窝

nest egg n.  1  a sum of money saved for the future 储备金 2  a real or artificial egg left in a nest to induce hens to lay eggs there 留窝蛋(留在窝中以引诱母鸡生蛋的真蛋或假蛋)

nestle /ˈnes(ə)l/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, in, etc.)  settle oneself comfortably (舒适地)安顿下来；舒适地卧在 2 intr.  press oneself against another in affection etc. (因爱慕等)偎依 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into, etc.)  push (a head or shoulder etc.) affectionately or snugly 使(头或肩膀等)紧贴；贴靠 4 intr.  lie half hidden or embedded 半隐半现 [Old English nestlian (as NEST)]

nestling /ˈnes(t)liŋ/ n.  a bird that is too young to leave its nest 雏鸟

Nestorian /neˈstɔ:riən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to an early Christian doctrine that there were distinct divine and human persons in Christ, maintained by some ancient Churches of the Middle East (有关)聂斯脱利教派的(中东古老的教会所信奉的基督具神人两性的教义)；景教的 ●n.  a member of such a Church 聂斯脱利教信徒；景教徒 □ Nestorianism  n.   [Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople 428 － 31]

net1 /net/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an open-meshed fabric of cord, rope, fibre, etc.; a structure resembling this (绳、索、纤维等编织的)网子；网状物 2  a piece of net used esp. to restrain, contain, or delimit, or to catch fish or other animals (尤指束缚、控制、限制或打鱼或捕捉其他动物的)网 3  a structure with net to enclose an area of ground, esp. in sport 带网的建筑(尤指体育运动中，用网围着的一个区域) 4  a  a structure with net used in various games, esp. forming the goal in football, netball, etc., and dividing the court in tennis etc. (尤指在不同比赛中如足球、无挡板篮球等的)球门网；篮网；(分割网球等场地的)球网b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a practice-ground in cricket, surrounded by nets 用网围着的板球练习场地 5  a system or procedure for catching or entrapping a person or persons 诱捕(人)的体系(或程序)；罗网 6  a  a network of spies 间谍网b  a broadcasting network 广播网c Computing  a network of interconnected computers 【计算】计算机互联网 ●v. (netted, netting)  1 tr.  a  cover, confine, or catch with a net 以网罩住(限制或捕捉)b  acquire as with a net 用网捕获 2 tr.  hit (a ball) into the net, esp. of a goal 打(或踢)球入网(尤指进球) 3 intr.  make netting 织网 4 tr.  make (a purse, hammock, etc.) by knotting etc. threads together to form a net (用打结等方式)编织(钱包、吊床等) 5 tr.  fish with nets, or set nets, in (a river) 在(河)中用网捕鱼；撒网于(河)中 6 tr. (usu. as 通常作 netted adj.)  mark with a netlike pattern; reticulate 以网状图案做标志(的)；使成网状(的) □ netful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English net, nett]

net2 /net/ adj. & v. (also Brit. [亦英] nett) ●adj.  1 (esp. of money) remaining after all necessary deductions, or free from deductions (尤指金钱)纯的；净的 2 (of a price) to be paid in full; not reducible (价格)实付的；无虚价的 3 (of a weight) excluding that of the packaging or container etc. (去除包装、容器等重量)净重的 4 (of an effect, result, etc.) ultimate, effective (效果、结果等)最终的；实际的，根本的 ●v. tr. (netted, netting)  gain or yield (a sum) as net profit 净得；净获(款项) [French net NEAT1]

netball /ˈnetbɔ:l/ n.  a team game in which goals are scored by throwing a ball through a high horizontal ring with a net suspended from it 无挡板篮球

Net Book Agreement n. (in the UK) the agreement of 1900 between booksellers and publishers, by which booksellers will not offer books, with certain exceptions, below the price marked on the cover (英国)实际书价协议，净价书协议 (1900 年签订，该协议规定除一些特定的例外，书商不得以低于封面标出的价格销售图书)

nether /ˈneðə/ adj. archaic [古义]  = LOWER1  □ nethermost  adj.   [Old English nithera etc., from Germanic]

Netherlander /ˈneðəlændə/ n.  1  a native or national of the Netherlands 荷兰人；荷兰国民 2  a person of Dutch descent 荷兰人后裔 □ Netherlandish  adj.   [Dutch Nederlander, Nederlandsch]

Netherlands /ˈneðələndz/ n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  Holland 荷兰 2 hist.  the Low Countries [史义]尼德兰(下游低地国家) [Dutch Nederland (as NETHER, LAND)]

nether regions n. pl. (also 亦作 nether world n.sing.)  hell; the underworld 地狱；下层社会

net profit n.  the effective profit; the actual gain after working expenses have been paid 纯利润；净收益

netsuke /ˈnetski, ˈnetsʊki/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or netsukes) (in Japan) a carved button-like ornament, esp. of ivory or wood, formerly worn to suspend articles from a girdle (日本)坠子(旧时挂在腰带上的用木头或象牙雕刻的饰物) [Japanese]

nett Brit. var.  of NET [英] NET 的变体

netting /ˈnetiŋ/ n.  1  netted fabric 网；网状织物 2  a piece of this 一张网；一件网状物

nettle /ˈnet(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any plant of the genus Urtica, esp. U. dioica, with jagged leaves covered with stinging hairs 荨麻属植物(尤指大荨麻) 2  any of various plants resembling this 似荨麻属植物 ●v. tr.  1  irritate, provoke, annoy 使恼火；惹怒；激怒 2  sting with nettles 以荨麻刺 [Old English netle, netele, from Germanic]

nettle-rash n. Med.  a rash of itching red spots on the skin caused by allergic reaction to food etc. Also called 亦称作 urticaria 【医】荨麻疹(由于食物过敏等造成的皮肤上骚痒的红点)

net ton  see 见 TON1 5b 

network /ˈnetwɜ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an arrangement of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines, like the structure of a net 网络 2  a complex system of railways, roads, canals, etc. (铁路、公路、运河等复杂的)网状系统 3  a group of people who exchange information, contacts, and experience for professional or social purposes 关系网 4  a chain of interconnected computers, machines, or operations 互联网 5  a system of connected electrical conductors 电网 6  a group of broadcasting stations connected for a simultaneous broadcast of a programme 广播网 ●v.  1 tr. Brit.  broadcast on a network [英]在网上联播 2 intr.  establish a network 建立网络(广播网) 3 tr.  link (machines, esp. computers) to operate interactively 连接(机器，尤指电脑) 4 intr.  communicate with other people as a member of a group to exchange information, establish new links, etc. (see sense 3 of n. 见名词释义 3) 交际，交流(作为一组中的单个成员与他人交换信息、建立新的关系等) □ networking  n.  

networker /ˈnetwɜ:kə/ n.  1 Computing  a member of an organization or computer network who operates from home or from an external office 【计算】(在家或办公室即可操纵的)某一组织(或电脑网络)的成员 2  a member of a professional or social network 职业圈(或社交圈)的成员

neume /nju:m/ n. (also 亦作 neum) Mus.  a sign in plainsong indicating a note or group of notes to be sung to a syllable 【音】纽玛记谱法(记录一个或一组音符的符号) [Middle English via Old French neume and medieval Latin neu(p)ma from Greek pneuma ‘breath’]

neural /ˈnjʊər(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a nerve or the central nervous system (有关)神经(中枢)的 □ neurally  adv.   [Greek neuron ‘nerve’]

neuralgia /njʊəˈrældʒə/ n.  an intense intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, esp. in the head or face (尤指头部或面部强烈间歇性的)神经痛 □ neuralgic  adj.   [as NEURAL + -ALGIA]

neural network n. (also 亦作 neural net)  a computer system modelled on the human brain and nervous system 仿大脑神经元电脑网络

neurasthenia /njʊərəsˈθi:niə/ n.  a general term for fatigue, anxiety, listlessness, etc. (not in medical use) (不作医用)神经衰弱(疲劳、焦虑、倦怠等的一种通称) □ neurasthenic  /-ˈθenik/ adj. & n.   [Greek neuron ‘nerve’ + ASTHENIA]

neuritis /njʊəˈraitis/ n.  inflammation of a nerve or nerves 神经炎 □ neuritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [formed as NEURO- + -ITIS]

neuro- /ˈnjʊərəʊ/ comb. form  a nerve or the nerves [构词成分]神经；神经系统 [Greek neuron ‘nerve’]

neuroanatomy /ˌnjʊərəʊəˈnætəmi/ n.  the anatomy of the nervous system 神经解剖学 □ neuroanatomical  /-ænəˈtɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ neuroanatomist  n.  

neurobiology /ˌnjʊərəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the biology of the nervous system 神经生物学 □ neurobiological  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ neurobiologist  n.  

neurogenesis /njʊərə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  the growth and development of nervous tissue 神经形成(神经组织的生长与发展)

neurogenic /njʊərə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  caused by or arising in nervous tissue 源于神经的；神经性的

neuroglia /njʊəˈrɒɡliə/ n.  the connective tissue supporting the central nervous system 神经胶质 [NEURO- + Greek glia ‘glue’]

neurohormone /njʊərəʊˈhɔ:məʊn/ n.  a hormone produced by nerve cells and secreted into the circulation 神经激素

neurolinguistics /ˌnjʊərəʊliŋˈɡwistiks/ n.  the branch of linguistics dealing with the relationship between language and the structure and functioning of the brain 神经语言学(研究语言和大脑结构和功能的语言学) □ neurolinguistic  adj.  

neurology /njʊəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of nerve systems 神经病学 □ neurological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ neurologically  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ neurologist  n.   [modern Latin neurologia from modern Greek (as NEURO-, -LOGY)]

neuroma /njʊəˈrəʊmə/ n. (pl. neuromas or neuromata /-mətə/)  a tumour on a nerve or in nerve tissue 神经瘤 [Greek neuron ‘nerve’ + -OMA]

neuromuscular /njʊərəʊˈmʌskjʊlə/ adj.  of or relating to nerves and muscles (有关)神经肌肉的

neurone /ˈnjʊərəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 neuron /-rɒn/)  a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell 神经元；神经细胞 □ neuronal  /-ˈrəʊn(ə)l/ adj.  □ neuronic  /-ˈrɒnik/ adj.   [Greek neuron ‘nerve’]■Usage 用法说明 The spelling neuron is often preferred to neurone in technical use. 当技术用语时， neuron 常拼写成 neurone 。 

neuropath /ˈnjʊərə(ʊ)pæθ/ n.  a person affected by nervous disease, or with an abnormally sensitive nervous system 神经病患者 □ neuropathic  /-ˈpæθik/ adj.  

neuropathology /ˌnjʊərəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  the pathology of the nervous system 神经病理学 □ neuropathologist  n.  

neuropathy /njʊəˈrɒpəθi/ n.  a disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness (医学)神经病

neurophysiology /ˌnjʊərəʊfiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the physiology of the nervous system 神经生理学 □ neurophysiological  /-ziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ neurophysiologist  n.  

neuropsychology /ˌnjʊərə(ʊ)saiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the relationship between the nervous system (esp. the brain) and behaviour 神经心理学(对神经系统尤指大脑与行为之间关系的研究) □ neuropsychological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ neuropsychologist  n.  

neuropteran /njʊəˈrɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any insect of the order Neuroptera, including lacewings, having four finely veined membranous leaflike wings 脉翅目昆虫 □ neuropterous  adj.   [NEURO- + Greek pteron ‘wing’]

neuroscience /ˈnjʊ:rəʊsaiəns/ n.  any or all of the sciences dealing with the structure and function of the nervous system and brain 神经系统科学(涉及神经系统和大脑结构与功能的科学) □ neuroscientist  /-ˈsaiəntist/ n.  

neurosis /njʊəˈrəʊsis/ n. (pl. neuroses /-si:z/)  a relatively mild mental illness involving symptoms of stress (e.g. depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviour) without loss of contact with reality, and not caused by organic disease 神经官能症；神经机能病(如沮丧、焦虑、不正常行为) [modern Latin (as NEURO-, -OSIS)]

neurosurgery /njʊərəʊˈsɜ:dʒəri/ n.  surgery performed on the nervous system, esp. the brain and spinal cord (尤指大脑和脊髓的)神经外科学 □ neurosurgeon  n.  □ neurosurgical  adj.  

neurotic /njʊəˈrɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  caused by or relating to neurosis (有关)神经症的；(有关)神经机能病的 2 (of a person) suffering from neurosis (人)患神经官能症的 3 colloq.  abnormally sensitive or obsessive [口]神经过敏的；神经质的 ●n.  a neurotic person 神经官能症患者 □ neurotically  adv.  □ neuroticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  

neurotomy /njʊəˈrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the operation of cutting a nerve, esp. to produce sensory loss (尤指使感觉丧失的)神经切断术

neurotoxin /njʊərəʊˈtɒksin/ n.  any poison which acts on the nervous system 神经毒素(任何一种作用于神经系统的毒物)

neurotransmitter /ˌnjʊərəʊtrænzˈmitə/ n. Biochem.  a chemical substance released from a nerve fibre that effects the transfer of an impulse to another nerve or muscle 【生化】神经传递素

neuter /ˈnju:tə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 Gram. (of a noun etc.) neither masculine nor feminine 【语法】(名词等)中性的 2 (of a plant) having neither pistils nor stamen (植物)无蕊的 3 (of an insect, animal, etc.) sexually undeveloped; castrated or spayed (昆虫或动物等)性未发育成熟的；被阉割的；被取掉卵巢的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a neuter word 【语法】中性词 2  a  a non-fertile insect, esp. a worker bee or ant 不能繁殖的昆虫(尤指工蜂或工蚁)b  a castrated animal 被阉割了的动物 ●v. tr.  castrate or spay 阉割；取掉卵巢 [Middle English from Old French neutre or Latin neuter ‘neither’, from ne- ‘not’ + uter ‘either’]

neutral /ˈnju:tr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not helping or supporting either of two opposing sides, esp. states at war or in dispute; impartial (不帮助和支持对立双方的任何一方，尤指在战争或纠纷中)中立的；公平的 2  belonging to a neutral party, state, etc. 中立一方(或国家等)的  neutral ships  中立国的船只 3  indistinct, vague, indeterminate 朦胧的；不清楚的；含混的 4 (of a gear) in which the engine is disconnected from the driven parts (齿轮)空档的 5 (of colours) not strong or positive; grey or beige (颜色)不鲜艳的；灰色的；米色的 6 Chem.  neither acid nor alkaline 【化】中性的 7 Electr.  neither positive nor negative 【电】不带电的 8 Biol.  sexually undeveloped; asexual 【生】性发育未成熟的；无性的 ●n.  1  a  a neutral state or person 中立；中立者b  a subject of a neutral state 中间学科 2  a neutral gear 空档 □ neutrality  /-ˈtræliti/ n.  □ neutrally  adv.   [Middle English from obsolete French neutral or Latin neutralis ‘of neuter gender’ (as NEUTER)]

neutralism /ˈnju:trəliz(ə)m/ n.  a policy of political neutrality 中立主义 □ neutralist  n.  

neutralize /ˈnju:trəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make neutral 使中立 2  counterbalance; render ineffective by an opposite force or effect 使平衡；使抵消 3  exempt or exclude (a place) from the sphere of hostilities 使中立化(使某一地区脱离于敌意的氛围) 4 euphem.  make (a person) harmless or ineffective; kill [婉]使(某人)不受伤害；使无效；使撤销 □ neutralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ neutralizer  n.   [French neutraliser from medieval Latin neutralizare (as NEUTRAL)]

neutrino /nju:ˈtri:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of a class of stable neutral subatomic particles with almost zero mass, which travel at the speed of light and rarely interact with normal matter 中微子 [Italian, diminutive of neutro ‘neutral’ (as NEUTER)]

neutron /ˈnju:trɒn/ n.  a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen 中子 [NEUTRAL + -ON]

neutron bomb n.  a bomb producing neutrons and little blast, causing damage to life but little destruction to property 中子弹

neutron star n.  a very dense star composed mainly of neutrons 中子星

Nev. abbr.  Nevada [缩略] (美)内华达州

never /ˈnevə/ adv.  1  a  at no time; on no occasion; not ever 决不；从不；从来没  have never been to Paris  从未去过巴黎 never saw them again  从未再见过他们b colloq.  as an emphatic negative [口] (强调否定)不，没有  I never heard you come in  我压根儿没听见你进来 2  not at all 一点也不  never fear  毫不害怕 3 Brit. colloq. (expressing surprise) surely not [英口] (表示惊异)不可能；不会  you never left the key in the lock!  你不可能把钥匙留在锁上！ □ never-never land   an imaginary utopian place (想像中的)理想的地方□ never a one   none 没有一个人□ never say die   see 见 DIE1 □ well I never!  colloq.  expressing great surprise [口] (表极其惊讶)我从未听到(想到、见到) [Old English nœfre, from ne ‘not’ + œfre EVER]

never-ending adj.  never coming to an end, endless 永远不会结束的；永无止境的；永恒的

nevermore /nevəˈmɔ:/ adv.  at no future time 永不再；决不再

never-never n. (often prec. by 常前接 the) Brit. colloq.  hire purchase [英口]分期付款购买

nevertheless /nevəðəˈles/ adv.  in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same 仍然；不过

nevus US var.  of NAEVUS [美] NAEVUS 的变体

new /nju:/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  of recent origin or arrival 新的；新到的b  made, invented, discovered, acquired, or experienced recently or now for the first time 新近(生产、发明、发现、获得或经历)的；第一次的  a new star  一颗新星 has many new ideas  有许多新主意 2  in original condition; not worn or used 崭新的；未用过的；未旧的 3  a  renewed or reformed 更新的；新型的  a new life  新生活 the new order  新秩序b  reinvigorated 变样的；复兴的  felt like a new person  感觉精神大振 4  different from a recent previous one 新接触的  has a new job  找到了一份新工作 5  in addition to others already existing 新近才有的；另外的  have you been to the new supermarket?  你去过那家新开的超市吗？ 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfamiliar or strange 生疏的；新奇的  a new sensation  一种新感觉 the idea was new to me  这种观点对我而言很新奇 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 at) (of a person) inexperienced, unaccustomed (to doing something) (人做事)无经验的；不习惯的  am new at this business  对这桩生意不熟悉 8 (usu. prec. by 常前接 the) often derog. [常贬]  a  later, modern 新近的；现代的  the new morality  新道德b  newfangled 最新式的c  recently affected by social change (受社会变化影响)新兴的  the new rich  新富，暴发户 9 (often prec. by 常前接 the)  advanced in method or theory (方法、理论等)领先的；新鲜的  the new formula  新公式 10 (in place names) discovered or founded later than and named after (地名中)新发现的并以其命名的  New York  纽约 New Zealand  新西兰 ●adv. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1  newly, recently 最近；新近  new-found  新发现的 new-baked  新烤的 2  anew, afresh 重新，再 □ a new one  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  an account or idea not previously encountered (by a person) [口] (某人) (以前从未遇到过的)新的解释(观点)□ newish  adj.  □ newness  n.   [Old English nīwe, from Germanic]

New Age n.  a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture, with interest in spiritual matters, mysticism, holistic ideas, environmentalism, etc. 新潮(精神)运动(以非传统方式对待传统的西方文化为特征的广泛运动，其兴趣在于精神世界、神秘主义、整体思想、环境主义等) often 常作 attrib: New Age travellers  新潮旅行者

New Age music n.  a style of chiefly instrumental music characterized by light melodic harmonies, improvisation, and the reproduction of sounds from the natural world, intended to promote serenity 新潮音乐(以轻快、美妙和谐、即席创作、再现自然界声音以创造宁静安详为特点的器乐曲)

new arrival n. colloq.  a newborn child [口]新生儿

new birth n. Theol.  spiritual regeneration 【神】(精神上的)再生，新生

newborn /nju:ˈbɔ:n, ˈnju:bɔ:n/ adj.  1 (of a child etc.) recently born. (小孩等)刚生的 2  spiritually reborn; regenerated (精神上)再生的，新生的

new broom n.  a newly appointed person eager to make changes 新上任的官员

Newcastle disease /ˈnjʊ:kɑ:s(ə)l/ n.  an acute infectious viral fever affecting birds, esp. poultry (感染鸟类，尤指家禽的)新城病 [Newcastle upon Tyne, a city in N. England]

newcomer /ˈnju:kʌmə/ n.  1  a person who has recently arrived 新来者 2  a beginner in some activity 新手

new deal n.  new arrangements or conditions, esp. when better than the earlier ones 新政(尤指比以前的好)

New Delhi /ˌnju:ˈdeli/ n.  新德里 [印度首都]

newel /ˈnju:əl/ n.  1  the supporting central post of winding stairs (螺旋形楼梯的)中心支柱 2  the top or bottom supporting post of a stair-rail (楼梯围栏顶端和底部的)端柱 [Middle English via Old French noel, nouel ‘knob’ from medieval Latin nodellus, diminutive of Latin nodus ‘knot’]

newfangled /nju:ˈfæŋɡ(ə)ld/ adj. derog.  different from what one is used to; objectionably new [贬]新奇的；新流行的 [Middle English newfangle (now dialect) ‘liking what is new’, from newe NEW adv. + -fangel from an Old English word meaning ‘inclined to take’]

Newfoundland /ˈnju:f(ə)n(d)lənd, -lænd, nju:ˈfaʊndlənd/ n. (in full 全称 Newfoundland dog)  1  a dog of a very large breed with a thick coarse coat 纽芬兰狗(身躯壮大，拥有较厚的粗糙毛皮) 2  this breed 纽芬兰狗种 [the name of an island at the mouth of the St Lawrence river and a Canadian province consisting of this island and Labrador]

Newfoundlander /ˈnju:f(ə)n(d)ləndə, nju:f(ə)n(d)ˈlændə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of Newfoundland 纽芬兰人(居民)

New Guinea n.  新几内亚岛 [西太平洋]

new-laid adj. (of an egg) freshly laid (鸡蛋)新下的

new look n. & adj. ●n.  1  a new or revised appearance or presentation, esp. of something familiar (尤指熟悉之物的)新貌 2 (often 常作 New Look)  a style of women's clothing introduced after the Second World War, featuring long full skirts and a generous use of material in contrast to wartime austerity 新款式(第二次世界大战后推出的女装样式，以宽摆长裙为特征，大量运用布料与战时的朴素形成对照) ●attrib. adj. (作 new-look)  having a new image; restyled 拥有新形象的，重新设计的

newly /ˈnju:li/ adv.  1  recently 最近  a friend newly arrived  刚到的朋友 a newly discovered country  新近发现的国家 2  afresh, anew 再；重新  newly painted  新刷油漆的 3  in a new or different manner 以新的方式(或不同风格)  newly arranged  重新安排的

newly-wed n.  a recently married person 新婚的人

new man n.  a man who rejects sexist attitudes and the traditional male role (拒绝性别歧视和传统的男人角色的)新男子

Newmarket /ˈnju:mɑ:kit/ n.  a gambling card game in which players seek to play cards that match those on the table 赶新市(赌博纸牌游戏) [Newmarket in S. England]

new mathematics n. pl. (also Brit. [亦英] new maths) (often treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a system of teaching mathematics to children, with emphasis on investigation by them and on set theory 新基础数学教学法(教孩子数学的一个体系、强调实施调查及按固定的理论)

new moon n.  1  the moon when first seen as a crescent after conjunction with the sun 新月 2  the time of its appearance 朔

New Orleans /ˌnju:ˈɔ:liənz/ n.  新奥尔良 [美国港市]

new potatoes n. pl.  the earliest potatoes of a new crop 时鲜的土豆

news /nju:z/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  information about important or interesting recent events, esp. when published or broadcast (尤指出版或广播的)消息 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a broadcast report of news 新闻广播 3  newly received or noteworthy information 新收到的(或值得注意的)情报(信息) 4 (foll. by 后跟 to) colloq.  information not previously known (to a person) [口] (某人)以前不知道的消息  that's news to me  那对我来说是新闻 □ newsless  adj.   [Middle English, pl. of NEW, translating Old French noveles or medieval Latin nova, neut. pl. of novus ‘new’]

news agency n.  an organization that collects and distributes news items 通讯社

newsagent /ˈnju:zeidʒ(ə)nt/ n. Brit.  a seller of or shop selling newspapers and usu. related items, e.g. stationery [英]报刊经售人(通常兼售其他物品，如文具)

newsboy /ˈnju:zbɔi/ n.  a boy who sells or delivers newspapers 送报人；卖报人；报童

newsbrief /ˈnju:zbri:f/ n.  a short item of news, esp. on television; a newsflash (尤指电视上的)简要消息；简明新闻

news bulletin n. Brit.  a collection of items of news, esp. for broadcasting [英] (尤指供广播的)新闻简报

newscast /ˈnju:zkɑ:st/ n.  a radio or television broadcast of news reports 新闻广播

newscaster /ˈnju:zkɑ:stə/ n.  = NEWSREADER 

news conference n.  a press conference 记者招待会

newsflash /ˈnju:zflæʃ/ n.  a single item of important news broadcast separately and often interrupting other programmes (广播中的常中断其他节目而播出的)简明新闻

news-gatherer n.  a person who researches news items, esp. those for broadcast or publication (为广播或发表而收集新闻的)新闻记者

news-gathering n.  this process 搜集新闻

newsgirl /ˈnju:zɡɜ:l/ n.  a girl who sells or delivers newspapers 送报女孩；卖报女孩

news hound n. colloq.  a newspaper reporter [口]新闻记者

newsletter /ˈnju:zletə/ n.  an informal printed report issued periodically to the members of a society, business, organization, etc. 时事通讯；(社团、企业、组织等的)业务通讯

newsman /ˈnju:zmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a newspaper reporter; a journalist 新闻记者；(从事新闻杂志业的)人；编辑

newsmonger /ˈnju:zmʌŋɡə/ n.  a gossip 爱传播新闻的人；饶舌者

newspaper /ˈnju:zpeipə, ˈnju:s-/ n.  1  a printed publication (usu. daily or weekly) containing news, advertisements, correspondence, etc. (通常每日或每周的)报(刊登新闻、广告、通讯员来稿等) 2  the sheets of paper forming this (一张)报纸  wrapped in newspaper  以报纸包裹

newspaperman /ˈnju:zpeipəˌmæn, -ˈnju:s-/ n. (pl. -men)  a journalist 报社从业人员

Newspeak /ˈnju:spi:k/ n.  ambiguous euphemistic language used esp. in political propaganda (尤指在政治宣传中所用的)模棱两可的新语 [an artificial official language in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)]

newsprint /ˈnju:zprint/ n.  a type of low-quality paper on which newspapers are printed 新闻纸

newsreader /ˈnju:zri:də/ n. Brit.  a person who reads out broadcast news bulletins [英]新闻广播员

newsreel /ˈnju:zri:l/ n.  a short cinema film of news and current affairs (新闻和时事)新闻片

newsroom /ˈnju:zru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in a newspaper or broadcasting office where news is processed 新闻编辑室

news-sheet n.  a simple form of newspaper; a newsletter 单张报纸；业务通讯

news-stand n.  a stall for the sale of newspapers 报摊；报刊销售处

new star n.  a nova 新星

New Style n.  dating reckoned by the Gregorian calendar (superseding the Julian calendar in 1752 in England and Wales) 新历(现通行的公历，即格列高利历，代替 1752 年英格兰和威尔士的儒略历)

new-style attrib. adj.  having a new style 新款的  new-style contracts  新款合同

news-vendor n. Brit.  a newspaper-seller [英]报贩

newsworthy /ˈnju:zwɜ:ði/ adj.  topical; noteworthy as news 时下关注的；有报道价值的 □ newsworthiness  n.  

newsy /ˈnju:zi/ adj. (newsier, newsiest) colloq.  full of news [口]多新闻的

newt /nju:t/ n.  any of various small amphibians, esp. of the genus Triturus, having a well-developed tail (尤指北螈属)蝾螈 [Middle English from ewt, with n from an (cf. NICKNAME): variant of evet EFT]

New Testament n.  the second part of the Christian Bible, concerned with the life and teachings of Christ and his earliest followers (基督教的)《圣经·新约》

newton /ˈnju:t(ə)n/ n. Physics  the SI unit of force that, acting on a mass of one kilogram, increases its velocity by one metre per second every second along the direction that it acts (abbr. 缩略 : N) 【物理学】牛顿(力的单位) [named after Sir Isaac Newton, English scientist d. 1727]

Newtonian /nju:ˈtəʊniən/ adj.  of or devised by Isaac Newton (see 见 NEWTON) 牛顿的；牛顿发明设计的

Newtonian mechanics n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the system of mechanics which relies on Newton's laws of motion concerning the relations between forces acting and motions occurring 牛顿力学

Newtonian telescope n.  a reflecting telescope with a small secondary mirror at 45° to the main beam of light to reflect it into a magnifying eyepiece 牛顿(式)望远镜

new town n.  a town established as a completely new settlement with government sponsorship (政府赞助兴建的)新城；卫星城

new wave n.  1  = NOUVELLE VAGUE  2  a style of rock music popular in the 1970s (20 世纪 70 年代流行的)新浪潮摇滚乐

New World n.  North and South America regarded collectively in relation to Europe 新大陆(相对欧洲而言的北美和南美的总称)

new year n.  1  the calendar year just begun or about to begin 新年；新来临的一年；即将来临的一年 2  the first few days of a year 一年的头几天

New Year's Day n. 1 January 元旦 (1 月 1 日)

New Year's Eve n. 31 December 元旦前夕 (12 月 31 日)

New York n.  纽约(亦作 New York City) [美国港市]

New Yorker /ˈjɔ:kə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the state or city of New York in the US 纽约市(州)的人；纽约市(州)的居民

New Zealand   新西兰

New Zealander /ˈzi:ləndə/ n.  1  a native or national of New Zealand, an island group in the Pacific 新西兰人；新西兰国民 2  a person of New Zealand descent 新西兰人后裔

next /nekst/ adj., adv., n. & prep. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  being or positioned or living nearest 在(位于或居住在)附近  in the next house  在隔壁的房子里 the chair next to the fire  炉火旁的椅子 2  the nearest in order of time; the first or soonest encountered or considered (时间)紧接的；接下去的；下一个的  next Friday  下星期五 ask the next person you see  问下一个你见到的人 ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  in the nearest place or degree (地点或程度)在附近；居次  put it next to mine  把它放在我旁边 came next to last  倒数第二到达 2  on the first or soonest occasion 下次；最快的一次  when we next meet  当我们下次遇到的时候 ●n.  the next person or thing 下一个人(或东西) ●prep. colloq.  next to [口]贴近；靠近 □ next to   almost 几乎，差不多  next to nothing left  几乎什么也没剩下 [Old English nēhsta, superlative of nēah NIGH]

next-best adj.  the next in order of preference 第二位的；第二喜欢的

next door adv. & adj. (as adj. often hyphenated 作形容词时常加连字符)  in or to the next house or room 在(到)隔壁房子(房间) □ next door to   1  in the next house to 在…的隔壁 2  nearly, almost, near to 几乎；差不多；接近

next of kin n. sing. & pl.  the closest living relative or relatives 最近的亲属

next world n.  a supposed life after death 来世

nexus /ˈneksəs/ n. (pl. nexuses)  1  a connected group, series, or network 相连结的一组(一系列或网络) 2  a bond; a connection 连结；联系；关系 [Latin from nectere nex- ‘bind’]

NF abbr. (in the UK) National Front [缩略] (英国)民族阵线

NFL abbr. US  National Football League [缩略] [美]全国橄榄球联盟

Nfld abbr. (also 亦作 NF)  Newfoundland [缩略]纽芬兰(岛)

NFU abbr. (in the UK) National Farmers' Union [缩略] (英国)全国农场主联合会

n.g. abbr.  no good [缩略]不行；无用

NGA abbr. hist. (in the UK) National Graphical Association [缩略] [史义] (英国)全国印刷协会

ngaio /ˈnaiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small New Zealand tree, Myoporum laetum, with edible fruit and light white timber 苦槛蓝(一种新西兰小树，果实可食，木材呈淡白色) [Maori]

NGO abbr.  non-governmental organization [缩略]非政府组织

Nguni /(ə)ŋˈɡu:ni/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同)  a member of a group of Bantu-speaking peoples living mainly in southern Africa 恩古尼人(居住在非洲南部说班图语的一支民族) 2  the group of closely related Bantu languages spoken by these peoples 恩古尼语(与班图语关系密切) ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples or this group of languages (有关)恩古尼人的；(有关)恩古尼语的 [Zulu]

NH abbr. US  New Hampshire (also in official postal use) [缩略] [美]新罕布什尔州(亦正式邮政用语)

NHI abbr. (in the UK) National Health Insurance [缩略] (英国)国民健康保险

NHS abbr. (in the UK) National Health Service [缩略] (英国)国民保健制度

NI abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) National Insurance  2  Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰

Ni symb. Chem.  the element nickel [符]【化】(化学元素)镍

niacin /ˈnaiəsin/ n.  = NICOTINIC ACID  [nicotinic acid + -IN]

Niamey /njɑ:ˈmei/ n.  尼亚美 [尼日尔首都]

nib /nib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the point of a pen, which touches the writing surface 钢笔尖 2 (in pl. 用复数)  shelled and crushed coffee or cocoa beans 去壳并碾碎的咖啡(或可可豆) 3  the point of a tool etc. (工具等的)尖 ●v. (nibbed, nibbing)  1 tr.  provide with a nib 给…装上尖 2 tr.  mend the nib of 修理…的尖 3 tr. & intr.  nibble 细嚼；轻嚼 [probably from Middle Dutch nib or Middle Low German nibbe, variant of nebbe NEB]

nibble /ˈnib(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 at) intr.  a  take small bites at 啃，一点一点地咬b  eat in small amounts 小口小口地吃c  bite at gently or cautiously or playfully 轻啃；一点一点地吃；不正正经经地吃 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  show cautious interest in 对…表示出谨慎的兴趣 ●n.  1  an instance of nibbling 啃(一点一点的吃) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a morsel or titbit of food 少量(或珍品)食物 3 Computing  half a byte, i.e. 4 bits 【计算】半字节(即 4 比特) □ nibbler  n.   [probably of Low German or Dutch origin: cf. Low German nibbeln ‘gnaw’]

niblet /ˈniblit/ n.  a small piece or portion, esp. of food (尤指食物)一小块(份) [probably from NIBBLE + -LET]

niblick /ˈniblik/ n. Golf  an iron with a large round heavy head, used esp. for playing out of bunkers 【高尔夫球】(尤用作打过球场障碍的)9 号铁头球棒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

nibs /ˈnibz/ n.   □ his nibs  joc. colloq.  a mock title used with reference to an important or self-important person [诙] [口]头目，上司(用于指重要的或妄自尊大的人的一种嘲弄语) [19th c.: origin unknown (cf. earlier nabs)]

nicad /ˈnaikæd/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a battery, often rechargeable, with a nickel anode and a cadmium cathode (常指可充电的以镍为阳极，镉为阴极的)镍镉蓄电池 [NICKEL + CADMIUM]

Nicam /ˈnaikæm/ n.  a digital system used in British television to provide video signals with high-quality stereo sound (英国电视中提供高质量立体声图像信号的)丽音数字系统 [near instantaneously companded (compressed and expanded) audio multiplex]

Nicaragua   尼加拉瓜

Nicaraguan /ˌnikəˈrægjuən/ adj. & n.  尼加拉瓜的(人)

nice /nais/ adj.  1  pleasant, agreeable, satisfactory 可爱的；令人愉快的；满意的 2 (of a person) kind, good-natured (人)亲切的；和蔼的；脾气好的 3 iron.  bad or awkward [讽]不好的；棘手的  a nice mess you've made  你搞得一团糟 4  a  fine or subtle 精细的；细致的；精密的  a nice distinction  细微的差别b  requiring careful thought or attention 需仔细思考(或注意)的  a nice problem  微妙问题 5  fastidious; delicately sensitive 爱挑剔的；敏感的 6  punctilious, scrupulous 拘泥形式的；小心谨慎的  were not too nice about their methods  对他们的方法不太谨慎 7 (foll. by 后跟 an adj., often with 常接 and)  satisfactory or adequate in terms of the quality described (在描述质量时)令人满意的；适当的  a nice long time  相当长一段时间 nice and warm  温暖宜人 □ nice one  colloq.  expressing approval or commendation [口] (表示赞成或赞赏)好样的，太棒了□ nice work  colloq.  expressing approval of a task well done [口] (表示对所做工作的赞赏)做得好，干得好□ nicely  adv.  □ niceness  n.  □ nicish  adj. (also 亦作 niceish)   [Middle English originally = stupid, wanton: via Old French, = silly, simple, from Latin nescius ‘ignorant’ (as nescience: see NESCIENT)]

Nicene Creed /naiˈsi:n, ˈnai-/ n.  a formal statement of Christian belief based on that adopted at the first Council of Nicaea in 325, and used in the Roman Mass and other Christian liturgies 尼西亚信经(基督教正式的信经，以 325 年第一次尼西亚会议所采用的信经为基础，用于天主教弥撒和基督教的其他礼拜仪式) [Nicene Middle English from Late Latin Nicenus ‘of Nicaea’, a town in Asia Minor]

nicety /ˈnaisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a subtle distinction or detail 微妙的区别；细节 2  precision, accuracy 精确，准确 3  intricate or subtle quality 复杂(或微妙)的品质  a point of great nicety  极微妙之处 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  minutiae; fine details 微小的细节；微妙b  refinements, trimmings 精致；整齐 □ to a nicety   with exactness 确切地 [Middle English from Old French niceté (as NICE)]

niche /nitʃ, ni:ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shallow recess, esp. in a wall to contain a statue etc. (稍凹进墙里，供奉雕像的)壁龛 2  a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment (生活或职业)舒适的(适当的)位置 3  a specialized but profitable corner of the market 利润可观的专业化市场 4 Ecol.  a position or role taken by a kind of organism within its community 【态】生态龛 ●v. tr. (often as 常作 niched adj.)  1  place in a niche 放入壁龛 2  ensconce (esp. oneself) in a recess or corner (尤指把自己)在深处(角落)安顿下来 [French from nicher ‘make a nest’, ultimately from Latin nidus ‘nest’]

Nicholas /ˈnikələs/   尼古拉斯 [人名]

Nichrome /ˈnaikrəʊm/ n. propr.  a group of nickel-chromium alloys used for making wire in heating elements etc. [商标] (用于生产电热元件等导线的)镍铬合金 [NICKEL + CHROME]

Nick /nik/   尼克 [人名]

nick1 /nik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small cut or notch 小的切口；划痕 2 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  a prison 监狱b  a police station 警察局 3 (prec. by 前接 in with adj.) Brit. colloq.  condition [英口]情况  in reasonable nick  在合理的情况下 4  the junction between the floor and walls in a squash court (墙网球场)地板和墙的连接处 ●v. tr.  1  make a nick or nicks in 擦伤；划痕于 2 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  steal 偷窃b  arrest, catch 逮捕；抓住 □ in the nick of time   only just in time; just at the right moment 恰好的时刻；正好发生的时候 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

nick2 /nik/ v. intr. (foll. by 常后跟 off, in, etc.) Austral. slang  move quickly or furtively [澳] [俚语]溜走 [19th c.: origin uncertain (cf. NIP1 4)]

nickel /ˈnik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a malleable ductile silver-white metallic transition element, occurring naturally in various minerals and used in special steels, in magnetic alloys, and as a catalyst (symbol 符 Ni) 【化】(化学元素)镍 2 N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  a five-cent coin 5 分镍币 ●v. tr. (nickelled, nickelling; US [美] nickeled, nickeling)  coat with nickel 镀镍于 □ nickelic  adj.  □ nickelous  adj.   [abbreviation of German Kupfernickel, the copper-coloured ore from which nickel was first obtained, from Kupfer ‘copper’ + Nickel ‘demon’, with reference to the ore's failure to yield copper]

nickel brass n.  an alloy of copper, zinc, and a small amount of nickel 铜锌镍合金

nickelodeon /nikəˈləʊdiən/ n. US [美]  1 colloq. [口]  a jukebox 自动唱机 2 hist.  a cinema with an admission fee of one nickel [史义]一个镍币就可进入的电影院 [NICKEL + MELODEON]

nickel-plated adj.  coated with nickel by plating 镀镍的

nickel silver n.  = GERMAN SILVER 

nickel steel n.  a type of stainless steel with chromium and nickel (含铬和镍的)镍钢

nicker /ˈnikə/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Brit. slang  a pound (in money) [英] [俚语] (货币)1 英镑 [20th c.: origin unknown]

nick-nack var.  of KNICK-KNACK  KNICK-KNACK 的变体

nickname /ˈnikneim/ n. & v. ●n.  a familiar or humorous name given to a person or thing instead of or as well as the real name 绰号；昵称 ●v. tr.  1  give a nickname to 给…起绰号 2  call (a person or thing) by a nickname 叫(人或物的)绰号 [Middle English from eke-name, with n from an (cf. NEWT): eke = addition, from Old English ēaca (as EKE)]

Nicky /ˈniki/   尼基 [人名]

nicol /ˈnik(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 nicol prism)  a device for producing plane-polarized light, consisting of two pieces of cut calcite cemented together with Canada balsam 尼科耳偏光棱镜 [named after W. Nicol, Scots physicist d. 1851, its inventor]

Nicola /ˈnikələ/   尼古拉 [人名]

Nicolas /ˈnikələs/   尼古拉斯 [人名]

nicotiana /ˌnikɒtiˈɑ:nə, -kəʊʃ-/ n.  = TOBACCO PLANT  [modern Latin nicotiana (herba) ‘tobacco plant’, named after J. Nicot, 16th-c. French diplomat who introduced tobacco to France]

nicotinamide /nikəˈtinəmaid/ n. Biochem.  the amide of nicotinic acid, having a similar role in the diet, and important as a constituent of NAD 【生化】烟酰胺

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide  see 见 NAD 

nicotine /ˈnikəti:n/ n.  a colourless poisonous narcotic alkaloid present in tobacco (一种无色有毒具有麻醉作用的生物碱)烟碱；尼古丁 □ nicotinism  n.  □ nicotinize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French, from NICOTIANA + -INE4]

nicotinic acid /nikəˈtinik/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in milk, liver, and yeast, a deficiency of which causes pellagra Also called 亦称作 niacin 烟酸，尼克酸

nictitate /ˈniktiteit/ v. intr. esp. Zool.  close and open the eyes; blink or wink (尤)【动】眨眼，瞬眼 □ nictitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin nictitare, frequentative of Latin nictare ‘blink’]

nictitating membrane n.  a clear membrane forming a third eyelid in amphibians, birds, and some other animals, that can be drawn across the eye to give protection without loss of vision 瞬膜(两栖类动物、鸟类或其他动物的第三眼睑，可以拉上予以保护眼睛，但不挡住视线)

nide /naid/ n. (archaic [古义] nye /nai/)  a brood of pheasants 一窝野鸡 [French nid or Latin nidus: see NIDUS]

nidificate /ˈnidifikeit/ v. intr.  = NIDIFY 

nidify /ˈnidifai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (of a bird) build a nest (鸟)筑巢 □ nidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin nidificare from nidus ‘nest’]

nidus /ˈnaidəs/ n. (pl. nidi /-dai/ or niduses)  1  a place in which an insect etc. deposits its eggs, or in which spores or seeds develop (昆虫等的)孵卵处 2  a place in which something is nurtured or developed 孳生地 [Latin, = nest]

niece /ni:s/ n.  a daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law 侄女，外甥女 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin neptis ‘granddaughter’]

niello /niˈeləʊ/ n. (pl. nielli /-li:/ or -os)  1  a black composition of sulphur with silver, lead, or copper, for filling engraved lines in silver or other metal 乌银(硫和银、铅、铜的黑色混合物，用以装填银和其他金属的镶嵌线) 2  a  such ornamental work 乌银装饰品b  an object decorated with this 饰有乌银的物体 □ nielloed  adj.   [Italian, from Latin nigellus, diminutive of niger ‘black’]

niff /nif/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  a smell, esp. an unpleasant one 难闻的味道(尤指恶臭) ●v. intr.  smell, stink 散发出臭味；有恶臭气味 □ niffy  adj. (niffier, niffiest)   [originally dialect, perhaps from SNIFF]

nifty /ˈnifti/ adj. (niftier, niftiest) colloq. [口]  1  clever, adroit 聪明的；灵巧的 2  smart, stylish 漂亮的；流行的 □ niftily  adv.  □ niftiness  n.   [19th c.: origin uncertain]

Nigel /ˈnaidʒəl/   奈杰尔 [人名]

nigella /naiˈdʒelə/ n.  a plant of the genus Nigella (buttercup family), with showy flowers and finely cut leaves, esp. love-in-a-mist, N. damascena 黑种草属的植物(毛茛科，开艳丽的花朵，叶廓清晰，尤指黑种草) [modern Latin use as genus name of Latin nigellus, diminutive of niger ‘black’]

Niger   尼日尔

Nigeria   尼日利亚

Nigerian /naiˈdʒiəriən/ adj. & n.  尼日利亚的(人)

Nigerien /naiˈdʒiəriən/ adj. & n.  尼日尔的(人)

niggard /ˈniɡəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a mean or stingy person 吝啬鬼；小气鬼 ●adj. archaic [古义]  = NIGGARDLY  [Middle English, alteration of earlier (obsolete) nigon, probably of Scandinavian origin: cf. NIGGLE]

niggardly /ˈniɡədli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  stingy, parsimonious 小气的；吝啬的 2  meagre, scanty 很少的；很小的 ●adv.  in a stingy or meagre manner 小气地，吝啬地 □ niggardliness  n.  

nigger /ˈniɡə/ n. offens. [冒犯]  1  a black person 黑人 2  a dark-skinned person 肤色黑的人 □ a nigger in the woodpile   a hidden cause of trouble or inconvenience 令人麻烦(或不舒)的隐患；隐私；秘密 [earlier neger, via French nègre from Spanish negro NEGRO]

niggle /ˈniɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  be over-attentive to details 为琐事花费过多时间 2 intr.  find fault in a petty way 吹毛求疵 3 tr.  irritate; nag pettily 激怒；为琐事唠叨 ●n.  a trifling complaint or criticism; a worry or annoyance 轻微的抱怨；微不足道的批评；烦恼；生气 [apparently of Scandinavian origin: cf. Norwegian nigla]

niggling /ˈniɡliŋ/ adj.  1  troublesome or irritating in a petty way 麻烦的；惹恼的 2  trifling or petty 琐碎的；微不足道的 □ nigglingly  adv.  

nigh /nai/ adv., prep. & adj. archaic or dial.  near [古义] [方]接近(的) [Old English nēh, nēah]

night /nait/ n. & int. ●n.  1  the period of darkness between one day and the next; the time from sunset to sunrise 夜；夜晚 2  nightfall 傍晚  shall not reach home before night  黄昏前不能到家 3  the darkness of night 黑暗  as black as night  像夜一样漆黑 4  a night or evening appointed for some activity, or spent or regarded in a certain way 夜里(或晚间)的活动  last night of the Proms  普罗姆斯昨天晚上的活动 a great night out  在外头玩整整一晚上 ●int. colloq. [口]  = GOODNIGHTint.  □ nightless  adj.   [Old English neaht, niht, from Germanic]

nightbird /ˈnaitbɜ:d/ n.  a person habitually active at night 习惯夜里活动的人

night-blindness n.  = NYCTALOPIA 

nightcap /ˈnaitkæp/ n.  1 hist.  a cap worn in bed [史义]睡帽 2  a hot or alcoholic drink taken at bedtime (就寝时喝的辛辣的)睡前酒

nightclothes /ˈnaitkləʊðz/ n.  clothes worn in bed 睡衣

nightclub /ˈnaitklʌb/ n.  a club that is open at night and provides refreshment and entertainment (提供点心和娱乐的)夜总会

night-commode var.  of COMMODE  2 COMMODE 2 的变体

nightdress /ˈnaitdres/ n.  a woman's or child's loose garment worn in bed (女士或小孩穿的)睡衣

nightfall /ˈnaitfɔ:l/ n.  the onset of night; the end of daylight 黄昏；日暮

night fighter n.  an aeroplane used for interception at night 夜间战斗机

nightgown /ˈnaitɡaʊn/ n.  1  = NIGHTDRESS  2 hist.  a dressing gown [史义]晨衣

nighthawk /ˈnaithɔ:k/ n.  1  a nocturnal prowler, esp. a thief 夜间徘徊者(尤指小偷) 2  an American nightjar, esp. of the genus Chordeiles (尤指夜鹰属)美洲夜鹰

nightie /ˈnaiti/ n. colloq.  a nightdress [口]睡袍 [abbreviation]

nightingale /ˈnaitiŋɡeil/ n.  a small brownish migratory thrush, Luscinia megarhynchos, the male of which has a melodious song heard esp. at night (尤指在夜间雄鸟可鸣叫的)欧亚歌鸲 [Old English nihtegala from Germanic (as NIGHT + base meaning ‘sing’): for -n- cf. FARTHINGALE]

nightjar /ˈnaitdʒɑ:/ n.  any nocturnal insectivorous bird of the family Caprimulgidae, with grey-brown plumage and often a characteristic chirring call 夜鹰(夜鹰科鸟类) [NIGHT + JAR2]

nightlife /ˈnaitlaif/ n.  entertainment available at night in a town 夜生活

night light n.  a dim light kept burning in a bedroom at night (夜里卧室昏暗的)夜灯

night-long adj. & adv.  throughout the night 通宵的(地)

nightly /ˈnaitli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  happening, done, or existing in the night 在夜里发生(做或存在)的 2  recurring every night 每夜发生的 ●adv.  every night 每夜 [Old English nihtlic (as NIGHT)]

nightmare /ˈnaitmɛə/ n.  1  a frightening or unpleasant dream 恶梦 2 colloq.  a terrifying or very unpleasant experience or situation [口]令人恐惧(不愉快)的经历(或情形) 3  a haunting or obsessive fear (难以忘记)无法摆脱的恐惧 □ nightmarish  adj.  □ nightmarishly  adv.   [an evil spirit (incubus) once thought to lie on and suffocate sleepers: Middle English (as NIGHT, Old English mœre ‘incubus’)]

night monkey n.  = DOUROUCOULI 

night nurse n.  a nurse on duty during the night 值夜班的护士

night owl n. colloq.  a person habitually active or wakeful at night [口]夜猫子(经常晚上活跃、清醒的人)

night safe n. Brit.  a safe with access from the outer wall of a bank for the deposit of money etc. when the bank is closed [英] (夜间存钱等的)夜用保险箱

night school n.  an institution providing evening classes for those working by day 夜校

nightshade /ˈnaitʃeid/ n.  any of various poisonous plants of the family Solanaceae, esp. of the genus Solanum, including S. nigrum (black nightshade) with black berries, and S. dulcamara (woody nightshade) with red berries 茄科植物(尤指茄属植物，包括结黑色浆果的龙葵和结红色浆果的蜀羊泉) [Old English nihtscada, apparently formed as NIGHT + SHADE, probably with reference to its poisonous properties]

night shift n.  a shift of workers employed during the night 夜班

nightshirt /ˈnaitʃɜ:t/ n.  a long shirt worn in bed 衬衫式长睡衣

night-soil n.  excrement removed at night from cesspools etc., esp. for use as manure (尤指用作肥料的)粪便(夜间从化粪池等中取走)

nightspot /ˈnaitspɒt/ n. colloq.  a nightclub [口]夜总会

nightstick /ˈnaitstik/ n. US  a police officer's truncheon [美]警棍

night terrors n. pl.  feelings of great fear experienced on suddenly waking in the night, esp. by children (尤指孩子)夜惊

night-time n.  the time of darkness 夜间

nightwatchman /naitˈwɒtʃmən/ n.  1  a person whose job is to keep watch by night 守夜人，值夜者 2 Cricket  an inferior batsman sent in near the close of a day's play 【板球】(一天比赛要结束时上场的)较差的击球手

nightwear /ˈnaitwɛə/ n.  clothing suitable for wearing in bed 睡衣

nigrescent /niˈɡres(ə)nt, nai-/ adj.  blackish 发黑的 □ nigrescence  n.   [Latin nigrescere ‘grow black’ from niger nigri ‘black’]

nigritude /ˈniɡritju:d/ n.  blackness 黑；黑色物 [Latin nigritudo (as NIGRESCENT)]

nihilism /ˈnai(h)iliz(ə)m/ n.  1  the rejection of all religious and moral principles 对所有宗教和道德原则的拒绝 2  an extreme form of scepticism characterized by the assertion that nothing really exists 虚无主义 □ nihilist  n.  □ nihilistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [Latin nihil ‘nothing’]

nihility /niˈhiliti, nai-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  non-existence, nothingness 不存在；虚无 2  a mere nothing; a trifle 无关紧要的事；琐事 [medieval Latin nihilitas (as NIHILISM)]

nihil obstat /naihil ˈɒbstæt, nihil/ n.  1 RC Ch.  a certificate that a book is not open to objection on doctrinal or moral grounds 【天主教】(在书页上的)无异议证明(表明该书没有有损教义和道德的内容) 2  an authorization or official approval 授权(或官方)许可 [Latin, = nothing hinders]

-nik /nik/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a person associated with a specified thing or quality (beatnik “垮了的一代”的一员 ; refusenik 被拒绝移民的人) 构成名词，表示带特定东西(或品质)的人 [Russian (as SPUTNIK) and Yiddish]

Nikkei index /ˈnikei/ n. (also 亦作 Nikkei average)  a figure indicating the relative price of representative shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange 日经指数(东京证券交易市场中有代表意义的股份相对价格) [Nikkei from Japanese abbreviation of the name of a financial newspaper]

nil /nil/ n.  nothing; no number or; amount (esp. Brit. as a score in games) 无；(数字或数量上)没有，零 ([尤英]作为比赛得分) [Latin, = nihil ‘nothing’]

nil desperandum /nil despəˈrændəm/ int.  do not despair, never despair 莫失望；勿灰心 [Latin nil desperandum (Teucro duce) ‘no need to despair (with Teucer as your leader)’, from Horace Odes]

Nile /nail/ n. & adj. (in full 全称 Nile blue, Nile green) ●n.  pale greenish blue or green 尼罗蓝(带淡绿色的蓝色)；尼罗绿(淡绿色) ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 尼罗蓝的；尼罗绿的 [the river Nile in NE Africa]

nilgai /ˈnilɡai/ n.  a large short-horned Indian antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus 蓝牛(一种短角体大的印度羚羊) [Hindi nīlgɑˉī, from nīl ‘blue’ + gɑˉī ‘cow’]

Nilotic /naiˈlɒtik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Nile or the Nile region of Africa (有关)尼罗河(流域)的 2  of or relating to a group of E. African Negroid peoples, or the languages spoken by them (有关)东非黑人群体的；(有关)尼罗诸语言的 [Latin Niloticus from Greek Neilōtikos, from Neilos ‘Nile’]

nim /nim/ n.  a game in which two players must alternately take one or more objects from one of several heaps and seek either to avoid taking or to take the last remaining object 拿子游戏(两人轮流拿一个或几个子以迫使对方或自己拿最后一个) [20th c.: perhaps from archaic nim ‘take’ (as NIMBLE), or German nimm, imperative of nehmen ‘take’]

nimble /ˈnimb(ə)l/ adj. (nimbler, nimblest)  1  quick and light in movement or action; agile 敏捷的；机灵的 2 (of the mind) quick to comprehend; clever, versatile (思想)伶俐的；聪明的；多才多艺的 □ nimbleness  n.  □ nimbly  adv.   [Old English nœˉmel ‘quick to seize’ from niman ‘take’, from Germanic, with -b- as in THIMBLE]

nimbostratus /nimbə(ʊ)ˈstrɑ:təs, -ˈstreitəs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud forming a low dense grey layer, from which rain or snow often falls 【气】雨层云 [modern Latin, from NIMBUS + STRATUS]

nimbus /ˈnimbəs/ n. (pl. nimbi /-bai/ or nimbuses)  1  a  a bright cloud or halo investing a deity or person or thing (笼罩着神明、人或物的)光轮(光环或光圈)b  the halo of a saint etc. (圣人等的)光晕 2 Meteorol.  a rain cloud 【气】雨云 □ nimbused  adj.   [Latin, = cloud, aureole]

Nimby /ˈnimbi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  objecting to the siting of unpleasant (though often necessary) developments in one's own locality “宁闭”的(反对在当地进行一些虽然常常是必要的但煞风景的发展)；不愿在当地开拓的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who so objects “宁闭”者；不愿在当地开拓者 [not in my back yard]

niminy-piminy /ˌnimini ˈpimini/ adj.  feeble, affected; lacking in vigour 衰弱的；装模作样的；缺乏活力的 [cf. MIMINY-PIMINY, NAMBY-PAMBY]

Nimrod /ˈnimrɒd/ n.  a great hunter or sportsman 宁録(圣经人物)；猎人、爱好运动的人 [Hebrew Nimrōd ‘valiant’: see Gen. 10:8 － 9]

nincompoop /ˈniŋkəmpu:p/ n.  a simpleton; a fool 笨蛋；傻子 [17th c.: origin unknown]

nine /nain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than eight, or one less than ten; the sum of five units and four units 九；九个 2  a symbol for this (9, ix, IX) 表示九的符号 (9 ， ix, IX) 3  a size etc. denoted by nine (尺寸等)9 号 4  a set or team of nine individuals 9 个一组(或一队) 5  nine o'clock 9 点 6  a card with nine pips (纸牌中的)9 点的牌 7 (作 the Nine)  the nine muses 缪斯九女神 ●adj.  that amount to nine 9 (个)的 □ dressed to (or Brit. [英] up to) the nines   dressed very elaborately 刻意打扮□ nine points (or nine-tenths)   nearly all 几乎所有的  possession is nine points of the law  现实占有，常操左券□ nine times out of ten   nearly always 十之八九□ nine to five   a designation of typical office hours (典型的办公时间)早 9 晚 5 [Old English nigon, from Germanic]

nine days' wonder n.  a person or thing that is briefly famous 轰动一时的人(或事)

ninefold /ˈnainfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  nine times as much or as many 九倍的(地) 2  consisting of nine parts 九重的(地)

ninepin /ˈnainpin/ n.  1  = SKITTLEn. 1  2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the usual form of skittles, using nine pins 撞柱戏的木柱(用 9 根柱) □ go down (or drop or fall) like ninepins   topple or succumb in large numbers 横七竖八地倒下去

nineteen /nainˈti:n, ˈnainti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than eighteen, nine more than ten 十九；十九个 2  the symbol for this (19, xix, XIX) 表示十九的符号 (19 ， xix, XIX) 3  a size etc. denoted by nineteen (尺寸等)19 号 ●adj.  that amount to nineteen 19 (个)的 □ talk nineteen to the dozen   see 见 DOZEN □ nineteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English nigontyˉne]

nineteenth hole n. Golf slang  the bar at a golf club (as reached after a standard round of 18 holes) 【高尔夫球】[俚语]第 19 穴(高尔夫俱乐部的酒吧，在打玩标准的 18 个洞穴后，球员喝酒聊天的地方)

nine-to-five attrib. adj.  of or involving standard office hours (typically 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) 标准的办公时间(通常早 9 晚 5)

ninety /ˈnainti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of nine and ten 九十；九十(个) 2  a symbol for this (90, xc, XC) 表示九十的符号 (90 ， xc, XC) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 90 to 99, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 90 到 99 的数(尤指世纪中的年或人的年龄) ●adj.  that amount to ninety 90 (个)的 □ ninety-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between ninetieth and a hundredth 90 到 100 之间的序数□ ninety-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between ninety and a hundred 90 到 100 之间的基数□ ninetieth  adj. & n.  □ ninetyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English nigontig]

ninja /ˈnindʒə/ n.  a person skilled in ninjutsu (精于日本“忍者”武术的)日本武士 [Japanese]

ninjutsu /ninˈdʒʌtsu:/ n.  one of the Japanese martial arts, characterized by stealthy movement and camouflage 日本“忍者”武术(以秘密行动和善于伪装为特色) [Japanese, from nin ‘stealth’ + jutsu ‘art, science’]

ninny /ˈnini/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a foolish or simple-minded person [口]笨人；傻子 [perhaps from innocent]

ninon /ˈni:nɒn/ n.  a lightweight silk dress fabric 薄绸(轻便的丝绸服装布料) [French]

ninth /ˈnainθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 9 in the sequence 1 － 9 第九(个) 2  something occupying this position 第九位 3  each of nine equal parts of a thing 九分之一 4 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning nine consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to D an octave higher) 九度音程；九度和音(如 C 到 D 高八度)b  a note separated from another by this interval 第九音 ●adj.  that is the ninth 第九(个)的 □ ninthly  adv.  

niobium /naiˈəʊbiəm/ n. Chem.  a rare grey-blue metallic transition element occurring naturally in several minerals and used in alloys for superconductors (symbol 符 Nb) 【化】(化学元素)铌 □ niobic  adj.  □ niobous  adj.   [named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus: so called because first found in TANTALITE]

Nip /nip/ n. slang offens.  a Japanese person [俚语] [冒犯]日本人 [abbreviation of NIPPONESE]

nip1 /nip/ v. & n. ●v. (nipped, nipping)  1 tr.  pinch, squeeze, or bite sharply (狠狠地)捏(挤压或咬) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  remove by pinching etc. 掐断(拧掉等) 3 tr. (of the cold, frost, etc.) cause pain or harm to (寒冷、霜等)刺骨；使冻伤 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, etc.) Brit. colloq.  go nimbly or quickly [英口]敏捷(快速)地走 5 tr. US slang  steal, snatch [美] [俚语]偷；抢夺 ●n.  1  a  a pinch, a sharp squeeze 捏；猛力的挤压b  a bite 咬 2  a  biting cold 刺骨的寒冷b  a check to vegetation caused by this 掐去(或剪断)植物 □ nip in the bud   suppress or destroy (esp. an idea) at an early stage 消灭于萌芽状态(尤指一种想法)□ nipping  adj.   [Middle English, probably of Low German or Dutch origin]

nip2 /nip/ n. & v. ●n.  a small quantity of spirits 少量酒 ●v. intr. (nipped, nipping)  drink spirits 抿酒；呷酒 [probably an abbreviation of nipperkin ‘small measure’: cf. Low German, Dutch nippen ‘to sip’]

nipa /ˈni:pə, ˈnaipə/ n.  1  an E. Indian palm tree, Nipa fruticans, with a creeping trunk and large feathery leaves 聂帕榈(东印度的棕榈树) 2  an alcoholic drink made from its sap 聂帕榈汁酒 [Spanish & Portuguese from Malay nīpah]

nip and tuck n. & adv. ●n. colloq.  a cosmetic surgical operation [口]美容外科手术 ●adv. N. Amer.  neck and neck [北美]势均力敌；并驾齐驱

nipper /ˈnipə/ n.  1  a person or thing that nips 捏(挤压)的人(东西) 2  the claw of a crab, lobster, etc. (螃蟹、龙虾等的)螯 3 Brit. colloq.  a young child [英口]小孩 4 (in pl. 用复数)  any tool for gripping or cutting, e.g. forceps or pincers 用于夹(或切)的工具(如镊子或钳子) 5 Austral.  a burrowing prawn of the order Thalassinidea, used as bait also called 亦称作 YABBY [澳] (海蛄虾目的)一种穴虾，用做鱼饵

nipple /ˈnip(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a small projection in which the mammary ducts of female mammals terminate and from which milk is secreted for the young 乳头；奶头b  an analogous structure in the male 男性乳头 2  the teat of a feeding bottle (奶瓶的)奶嘴 3  a device like a nipple in function, e.g. the tip of a grease gun 类似乳头的装置(如油脂枪嘴) 4  a nipple-like protuberance 乳头状隆起物 5 US  a short section of pipe with a screw-thread at each end for coupling [美]螺纹接套(管子的短接头，每端有用于连结的螺纹) [16th c., also neble, nible, perhaps diminutive of NEB]

nipplewort /ˈnip(ə)lwɜ:t/ n.  a yellow-flowered weed, Lapsana communis 稻槎菜(开黄花的杂草)

Nipponese /nipəˈni:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a Japanese person 日本人 ●adj.  Japanese 日本人的 [Japanese Nippon ‘Japan’, literally ‘place the sun comes from’ (i.e. ‘land of the rising sun’), from nip ‘sun’, pon ‘origin’]

nippy /ˈnipi/ adj. (nippier, nippiest) colloq. [口]  1  quick, nimble, active 迅速的；敏捷的；活跃的 2  chilly, cold 刺骨的；凛冽的 □ nippily  adv.   [NIP1 + -Y1]

NIREX /ˈnaireks/ abbr. (in the UK) Nuclear Industry Radioactive Waste Executive [缩略] (英国)核工业放射性废料处理监督中心

nirvana /niəˈvɑ:nə/ n. (in Buddhism) perfect bliss and release from karma, attained by the extinction of individuality (佛教)涅槃 [Sanskrit nirvɑˉna from nirvɑˉ ‘be extinguished’, from nis ‘out’ + vɑˉ- ‘to blow’]

nisei /ˈni:sei, ni:ˈsei/ n. (also 亦作 Nisei) US  an American whose parents were immigrants from Japan [美]父母为日本移民的美国人 [Japanese, literally ‘second generation’]

nisi /ˈnaisai/ adj. Law  that takes effect only on certain conditions 【法律】非最终的；非绝对的(在一定的条件下才能生效)  decree nisi  在一定时日前不提出反对理由时即作确定的判决 [Latin, = unless]

Nissen hut /ˈnis(ə)n/ n.  a tunnel-shaped hut of corrugated iron with a cement floor 尼生式活动房屋(由瓦楞铁制成的有水泥地面的隧道状棚子) [named after P. N. Nissen, British engineer d. 1930, its inventor]

nit1 /nit/ n.  1  the egg or young form of a louse or other parasitic insect, esp. of human head lice or body lice (尤指人头上或身体上虱子等的)卵；幼虫 2 Brit. colloq.  a stupid person [英口]蠢人 [Old English hnitu, from West Germanic]

nit2 /nit/ int. Austral. slang  used as a warning that someone is approaching [澳] [俚语]警戒(提醒有人在接近) □ keep nit   keep watch; act as guard 望风；守望 [19th c.: origin unknown: cf. NIX3]

niter US var.  of NITRE [美] NITRE 的变体

nitinol /ˈnitinɒl/ n.  an alloy of nickel and titanium 镍钛诺(镍和钛的合金) [Ni + Ti + Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Maryland, US]

nit-picking n. & adj. colloq.  fault-finding in a petty manner [口]找茬；挑错；吹毛求疵 □ nit-pick  v. intr.  □ nit-picker  n.  

nitrate n. & v. ●n. /ˈnaitreit/  1  any salt or ester of nitric acid 硝酸盐；硝酸酯 2  potassium or sodium nitrate when used as a fertilizer (用作化肥的)硝酸钾(钠) ●v. tr. /naiˈtreit/ Chem.  treat, combine, or impregnate with nitric acid 【化】用硝酸处理；使硝化 □ nitration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French (as NITRE, -ATE1)]

nitre /ˈnaitə/ n. (US [美] niter)  saltpetre, potassium nitrate 硝石；硝酸钾 [Middle English via Old French and Latin nitrum from Greek nitron, of Semitic origin]

nitric /ˈnaitrik/ adj.  of or containing nitrogen, esp. in the pentavalent state (尤指在五价状态下)氮的；含氮的 [French nitrique (as NITRE)]

nitric acid n.  a colourless or pale yellow corrosive poisonous liquid acid Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HNO3 硝酸

nitric oxide n.  a colourless toxic gas, involved in physiological processes in minute quantities, and forming nitrogen dioxide in air Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NO 氧化氮

nitride /ˈnaitraid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of nitrogen with a more electropositive element 【化】氮化物 [NITRE + -IDE]

nitrify /ˈnaitrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  impregnate with nitrogen 用氮饱和 2  convert (nitrogen, usu. in the form of ammonia) into nitrites or nitrates 转化(通常以氨水的形式存在的氮)成亚硝酸盐，使硝化 □ nitrifiable  adj.  □ nitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French nitrifier (as NITRE)]

nitrile /ˈnaitrail/ n. Chem.  an organic compound consisting of an alkyl radical bound to a cyanide radical 【化】腈

nitrite /ˈnaitrait/ n.  any salt or ester of nitrous acid 亚硝酸盐(酯)

nitro- /ˈnaitrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  of or containing nitric acid, nitre, or nitrogen (含)硝酸的；(含)硝石的；(含)氮的 2  made with or by use of any of these 用硝酸(硝石或氮)制造的 3  of or containing the monovalent -NO2 group (the nitro groups in TNT 在三硝基甲苯中的单价 -NO2 基) (含)单价 -NO2 基的 [Greek (as NITRE)]

nitrobenzene /naitrəʊˈbenzi:n/ n.  a yellow oily liquid made by the nitration of benzene and used to make aniline etc. (用于生产苯胺等的)硝基苯

nitrocellulose /naitrəʊˈseljʊləʊz, -ləʊs/ n.  a highly flammable material made by treating cellulose with concentrated nitric acid, used in the manufacture of explosives and celluloid 硝酸纤维(素)

nitrogen /ˈnaitrədʒ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a colourless odourless unreactive gaseous element that forms four-fifths of the earth's atmosphere and is an essential constituent of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological molecules (symbol 符 N) 【化】(化学元素)氮 □ nitrogenous  /-ˈtrɒdʒinəs/ adj.   [French nitrogène (as NITRO-, -GEN)]

nitrogen cycle n. Ecol.  the series of processes by which nitrogen is absorbed from and returned to the atmosphere by biological systems, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition 【态】氮循环

nitrogen dioxide n.  a reddish-brown poisonous gas Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NO2 二氧化氮

nitrogen fixation n.  a chemical process in which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, esp. naturally by certain micro-organisms as part of the nitrogen cycle (尤指通过某些微生物天然的)固氮作用

nitroglycerine /naitrə(ʊ)ˈɡlis(ə)ri:n, -in/ n. (also 亦作 nitroglycerin)  an explosive yellow liquid made by reacting glycerol with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids 硝化甘油

nitrosamine /naiˈtrəʊsəmi:n/ n. Chem.  any of a group of carcinogenic substances containing the chemical group :N-N:O 【化】亚硝胺

nitrous /ˈnaitrəs/ adj.  of, like, or impregnated with nitrogen, esp. in the trivalent state 氮的；似氮的；含氮的(尤指在三价状态下) [Latin nitrosus (as NITRE), partly through French nitreux]

nitrous acid n.  a weak acid existing only in solution and in the gas phase Chem. formula 化学分子式 : HNO2 亚硝酸

nitrous oxide n.  a colourless gas used as an anaesthetic (= LAUGHING GAS) and as an aerosol propellant Chem. formula 化学分子式 : N2O 一氧化二氮

nitty-gritty /nitiˈɡriti/ n. slang  the realities or practical details of a matter [俚语]事实(或实际)的真相；详细资料；细节 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

nitwit /ˈnitwit/ n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨人；傻子 □ nitwittery  /-ˈwitəri/ n.   [perhaps from NIT1 + WIT1]

nitwitted /nitˈwitid/ adj.  stupid 笨的；傻的 □ nitwittedness  n.  

nix1 /niks/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  nothing 无 2  a denial or refusal 否认(或拒绝) ●v. tr.  1  cancel 取消 2  reject 拒绝 [German, colloq. variant of nichts nothing]

nix2 /niks/ n. (fem. nixie /ˈniksi/)  a water elf 水中精灵 [German Nix (fem. Nixe)]

nix3 /niks/ int. Brit. slang  giving warning to confederates etc. that a person in authority is approaching [英] [俚语] (用于向同盟者等警告，权威人士来了)当心！  [19th c.: perhaps = NIX1]

NJ abbr. US  New Jersey (also in official postal use) [缩略] [美]新泽西州(亦正式邮政用语)

NM abbr. US  New Mexico (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]新墨西哥州(正式邮政用语)

n.m. abbr.  nautical mile [缩略]海里

nm abbr. [缩略]  1  nautical mile 海里 2  nanometre 

N.Mex. abbr.  New Mexico [缩略]新墨西哥州

NMR abbr. (also 亦作 nmr)  nuclear magnetic resonance [缩略]核磁共振

NNE abbr. [缩略]  north-north-east 

NNW abbr. [缩略]  north-north-west 

No1 symb. Chem.  the element nobelium [符]【化】(化学元素)锘

No2 var.  of NOH  NOH 的变体

No. abbr. [缩略]  1  number  2 US [美]  North  [sense 1 from Latin numero, ablative of numerus ‘number’]

n.o. abbr. Cricket  not out [缩略]【板球】未结束的一局

no1 /nəʊ/ det.  1  not any 不；非，没有  there is no excuse  毫无理由 no circumstances could justify it  没有任何事情能证明其有理 no two of them are alike  他们中没有任何两个相像 2  not a, quite other than 绝非；截然不同  is no fool  绝非傻瓜 is no part of my plan  不在我的计划内 caused no slight inconvenience  一点也没有造成不便 3  hardly any 几乎没有  is no distance  没什么距离，很近 did it in no time  马上就做 4  used elliptically as a slogan, notice, etc., to forbid, reject, or deplore the thing specified (用在标语、布告等中，表示禁止、拒绝、或哀叹特定的事)不许，不可，禁止  no parking  禁止停车 no surrender  决不投降 □ by no means   see 见 MEANS □ no dice   see 见 DICE □ no doubt   see 见 DOUBT □ no end   see 见 END □ no fear   see 见 FEAR □ no joke   see 见 JOKE □ no joy   see 见 JOY n. 3 □ no little   see 见 LITTLE □ no man   no person, nobody 没有人，谁也不□ no place  US  nowhere [美]无处□ no small   see 见 SMALL □ no sweat  colloq.  no bother, no trouble [口]没麻烦，没问题□ no thoroughfare   an indication that passage along a street, path, etc., is blocked or prohibited 此路不通□ no through road   = no thoroughfare □ no time   see 见 TIME □ no way  colloq. [口]  1  it is impossible 不可能的 2  I will not agree etc. 我不同意□ no whit   see 见 WHIT □ no wonder   see 见 WONDER □ ... or no ...   regardless of the ... 不管…  rain or no rain, I shall go out  不管下雨与否，我都会出去□ there is no ...ing   it is impossible to ... 那是不可能的  there is no accounting for tastes  各人有各人的爱好；百人吃百味 there was no mistaking what he meant  他的意思是不会弄错的 [Middle English from nɑˉn, nōn NONE1, originally only before consonants]

no2 /nəʊ/ int., adv. & n. ●int.  equivalent to a negative sentence: the answer to your question is negative, your request or command will not be complied with, the statement made or course of action intended or conclusion arrived at is not correct or satisfactory, the negative statement made is correct 等于否定句(对所提问题的否定) ●adv.  1 (foll. by 后跟 compar.)  by no amount; not at all 决不，一点也不  no better than before  一点也不比以前好 2 Sc.  not [苏格兰]不；非  will ye no come back again?  你们不再回来吗？ ●n. (pl. noes)  1  an utterance of the word no 说出“不”字 2  a denial or refusal 否认；拒绝 3  a negative vote 反对票 □ is no more   has died or ceased to exist 死掉；停止存在□ no better than one should be   morally suspect 行为不正□ no can do  colloq.  I am unable to do it [口]我不可以做；我做不到□ no less  (often foll. by 常后跟 than)  1  as much 多达  gave me £ 50, no less  给我 50 镑，不能少 gave me no less than £ 50  给我不能少于 50 镑 is no less than a scandal  简直是丑闻 a no less fatal victory  重大的决定性胜利 2  as important 同样重要  no less a person than the President  正是总统本人 3 disp.  no fewer [异议]不下于  no less than ten people have told me  不下 10 个人告诉过我□ no longer   not now or henceforth as formerly 不再□ the noes have it   the negative voters are in the majority 反对票占大多数□ no, no   an emphatic equivalent of a negative sentence (cf. sense 1 of adv. 参见副词释义 1) 相当于强调否定句□ no sooner ... than   see 见 SOON □ not take no for an answer   persist in spite of refusals 尽管遭到拒绝仍坚持□ or no   or not 或者不是  pleasant or no, it is true  不管乐意或不乐意，这是真的□ whether or no   1  in either case 在任何一种情况下；无论如何 2 (as an indirect question 作间接问句)  which of a case and its negative 是否  tell me whether or no  不管怎样都要告诉我 [Old English nō, nɑˉ, from ne ‘not’ + ō, ɑˉ ‘ever’]

no-account attrib. adj.  unimportant, worthless 不重要的；无价值的

Noah's ark /ˈnəʊəz/ n.  1  a  the ship in which (according to the Bible) Noah, his family, and the animals were saved 诺亚方舟(《圣经》)b  an imitation of this as a child's toy 仿诺亚方舟的孩子玩具 2  a large or cumbrous or old-fashioned trunk or vehicle 大而笨重的(不时髦的)箱子(或车辆) 3  a small bivalve mollusc, Arca noae, with a boat-shaped shell 舟蚶(一种小的双壳类软体动物，拥有船形的外壳) [Noah, Hebrew patriarch in Gen. 6]

nob1 /nɒb/ n. Brit. slang  a person of wealth or high social position [英] [俚语]有钱人；大人物 [originally Scots knabb, nab; 17th c., of unknown origin]

nob2 /nɒb/ n. slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 [perhaps variant of KNOB]

no-ball n. & v. Cricket 【板球】  ●n.  an unlawfully delivered ball (counting one to the batting side if not otherwise scored from) 犯规投球(球投到球棒一侧) ●v. tr.  pronounce (a bowler) to have bowled a no-ball 判(投球手)投球犯规

nobble /ˈnɒb(ə)l/ v. tr. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  tamper with (a racehorse) to prevent its winning 行贿(赛马使其不能取胜) 2  try to influence, esp. unfairly (尤指用不正当的手段)赢得 3  steal (money) 偷(钱) 4  seize, catch 抓住；捉住 [probably = dialect knobble, knubble ‘knock, beat’, from KNOB]

nobbler /ˈnɒblə/ n. Austral. slang  a glass or drink of liquor [澳] [俚语]一杯酒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Nobelist /nəʊˈbelist/ n. US  a winner of a Nobel Prize [美]诺贝尔奖金获得者

nobelium /nə(ʊ)ˈbi:liəm, -ˈbel-/ n. Chem.  an artificially produced radioactive transuranic metallic element (symbol 符 No) 【化】(化学元素)锘 [Nobel (see NOBEL PRIZE) + -IUM]

Nobel Prize /ˈnəʊbel, -ˈbel/ n.  any of six international prizes awarded annually for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economics, and the promotion of peace 诺贝尔奖金(每年为物理、化学、生理或医学、文学、经济和促进和平而颁发的国际奖项) □ Nobel prizewinner  n.  诺贝尔奖金获得者 [named after Alfred Nobel (d. 1896), Swedish chemist and engineer, who endowed them]

nobiliary /nə(ʊ)ˈbiljəri/ adj.  of the nobility 贵族的 [French nobiliaire (as NOBLE)]

nobiliary particle n.  a preposition forming part of a title of nobility (e.g. French de, German von 如法语中的 de ，德语中的 von) 构成贵族头衔的前置词

nobility /nə(ʊ)ˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  nobleness of character, mind, birth, or rank 高贵，高尚(人品、思想、出生或等级) 2 (prec. by 前接 a, the)  a class of nobles, an aristocracy 贵族阶级；上层统治阶级 [Middle English from Old French nobilité or Latin nobilitas (as NOBLE)]

noble /ˈnəʊb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (nobler, noblest)  1  belonging by rank, title, or birth to the aristocracy 贵族的 2  of excellent character; having lofty ideals; free from pettiness and meanness, magnanimous 品格杰出的；高尚理想的；宽宏大量的；高尚的 3  of imposing appearance, splendid, magnificent, stately 外观壮丽(华丽)的；雄伟的；壮观的 4  excellent, admirable 出色的；卓越的  noble horse  骏马 noble cellar  上等窖藏酒 ●n.  1  a nobleman or noblewoman 贵族；女贵族 2 hist.  a former English gold coin first issued in 1351 [史义]英国 1351 年发行的金币 □ the noble art of self-defence   see 见 SELF-DEFENCE □ nobleness  n.  □ nobly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin (g)nobilis: related to KNOW]

noble gas n.  any gaseous element of a group that almost never combine with other elements 惰性气体

nobleman /ˈnəʊb(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man of noble rank or birth, a peer 贵族

noble metal n.  a metal (e.g. gold, silver, or platinum) that resists chemical action, does not corrode or tarnish in air or water, and is not easily attacked by acids 贵金属(如金、银、或铂)

noble rot n.  1  the condition of grapes affected by the mould Botrytis cinerea (see 见 BOTRYTIS) 贵腐病(葡萄发霉的一种条件) 2  the mould itself 贵霉菌 [translation of French pourriture noble]

noble savage n.  primitive man idealized as in Romantic literature 高尚的野蛮人(浪漫主义文学中描述的未开化的原始人)

noble science n. (prec. by 前接 the)  boxing 拳击

noblesse /nəʊˈbles, 法 nɔblɛs/ n.  the class of nobles (esp. of a foreign country) (尤指外国的)贵族阶层 □ noblesse oblige  /ɒˈbli:ʒ, 法 ɔbliʒ/  privilege entails responsibility 位高则任重 [Middle English = nobility, from Old French (as NOBLE)]

noblewoman /ˈnəʊb(ə)lwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman of noble rank or birth, a peeress 女贵族；有爵位的妇女

nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ pron. & n. ●pron.  no person 没有人 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person of no importance, authority, or position 小人物；无足轻重的人；无名小卒 □ like nobody's business   see 见 BUSINESS □ nobody's fool   see 见 FOOL1  [Middle English, from NO1 + BODY (= person)]

nock /nɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a notch at either end of a bow for holding the string (弓两端缚弦的)凹口 2  a  a notch at the butt-end of an arrow for receiving the bowstring 箭尾端凹口(搭弓弦处)b  a notched piece of horn serving this purpose (用角制的)搭弦装置 ●v. tr.  set (an arrow) on the string 搭(箭)于弦上 [Middle English, perhaps = nock, the forward upper corner of some sails, from Middle Dutch nocke]

no-claims bonus n. (also 亦作 no-claim bonus, no-claim(s) discount) Brit.  a reduction of the insurance premium charged when the insured has not made a claim under the insurance during an agreed preceding period [英] (在前一段规定时期内未向保险公司提出赔偿者所享受的)保险金优惠

noctambulist /nɒkˈtæmbjʊlist/ n.  a sleepwalker 梦游症患者 □ noctambulism  n.  梦游症 [Latin nox noctis ‘night’ + ambulare ‘walk’]

noctuid /ˈnɒktjʊid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the family Noctuidae of mainly large brownish nocturnal moths, often with an eye-spot on the forewings (有关)夜蛾(夜蛾属，大而褐色、夜间活动，在前翅上有眼状斑点)的 ●n.  a moth of this family 夜蛾 [modern Latin genus name Noctua, from Latin, = night owl]

noctule /ˈnɒktju:l/ n.  a large W. European bat, Nyctalus noctula 夜山蝠(西欧的蝙蝠) [French from Italian nottola ‘bat’]

nocturn /ˈnɒktɜ:n/ n. RC Ch.  a part of matins originally said at night 【天主教】霄祷(最初在夜里念的申正经的一部分) [Middle English from Old French nocturne or ecclesiastical Latin nocturnum, neut. of Latin nocturnus: see NOCTURNAL]

nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  of or in the night; done or active by night 夜的；在夜里的；在夜里做(或活跃)的 □ nocturnally  adv.   [Late Latin nocturnalis from Latin nocturnus ‘of the night’, from nox noctis ‘night’]

nocturnal emission n.  involuntary emission of semen during sleep 遗精，梦遗

nocturne /ˈnɒktɜ:n/ n.  1 Mus.  a short composition of a romantic nature, usu. for piano 【音】(通常钢琴弹奏的)梦幻曲 2  a picture of a night scene 夜景画 [French (as NOCTURN)]

nocuous /ˈnɒkjʊəs/ adj. literary  noxious, harmful [文学用语]有害的；有毒的 [Latin nocuus from nocēre ‘hurt’]

nod /nɒd/ v. & n. ●v. (nodded, nodding)  1 intr.  incline one's head slightly and briefly in greeting, assent, or command 点头(表示打招呼、赞同或命令) 2 intr.  let one's head fall forward in drowsiness; be drowsy 打盹；昏昏欲睡 3 tr.  incline (one's head) 点(头) 4 tr.  signify (assent etc.) by a nod 点头表示(同意等) 5 intr. (of flowers, plumes, etc.) bend downwards and sway, or move up and down (花或羽毛等)颠晃(摇摆) 6 intr.  make a mistake due to a momentary lack of alertness or attention (由于一时缺乏警戒或注意而造成的)疏忽；懈怠 ●n.  a nodding of the head 点头 □ get the nod  N. Amer.  be chosen or approved [北美]被选中；被通过□ nod off  colloq.  fall asleep [口]入睡□ nod through  colloq. [口]  1  approve on the nod 点头赞同 2 Brit. Parl.  formally count (a Member of Parliament) as if having voted when unable to do so [英] [议] (国会议员)点头赞同□ on the nod  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  with merely formal assent and no discussion (没有讨论)点头同意 2  on credit 用赊购办法 [Middle English nodde, perhaps of Low German origin]

nodding acquaintance n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a very slight acquaintance with a person or subject 点头之交；(对某事)略知一二

noddle1 /ˈnɒd(ə)l/ n. colloq.  the head [口]头，脑袋 [Middle English nodle, of unknown origin]

noddle2 /ˈnɒd(ə)l/ v. tr.  nod or wag (one's head) 点(头)；晃(头) [NOD + -LE4]

noddy /ˈnɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a simpleton 笨蛋，傻子 2  any usu. dark-coloured tropical tern of the genus Anous or Procelsterna (通常为热带黑燕鸥属或蓝灰燕鸥属的)燕鸥 [probably from obsolete noddy ‘foolish’, which is perhaps from NOD]

node /nəʊd/ n.  1 Bot. 【植】  a  the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge (植物长出叶子的)茎节b  a knob on a root or branch 树枝(或根部的)结 2 Anat. 【解】  a  a small mass of differentiated tissue, esp. a lymph gland (尤指淋巴腺)结节b  an interruption of the myelin sheath of a nerve (神经髓鞘的)神经结 3 Astron.  either of two points at which a planet's orbit intersects the plane of the ecliptic or the celestial equator 【天】交点(某一天体轨道与黄道或天体赤道平面的交点) 4 Physics  a point of minimum disturbance in a standing wave system 【物理学】波节(驻波系统中的最小干扰点) 5 Electr.  a point of zero current or voltage 【电】零电流(或电压)点 6 Math. 【数】  a  a point at which a curve intersects itself 结点，叉点b  a vertex in a graph 曲线图的最高点 7  a component in a computer network (计算机网络的)组件 □ nodal  adj.  □ nodical  adj. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Latin nodus ‘knot’]

nodose /nəʊˈdəʊs/ adj.  knotty, knotted 有节的；多节的；打结的 □ nodosity  /-ˈdɒsiti/ n.   [Latin nodosus (as NODE)]

nodule /ˈnɒdju:l/ n.  1  a small rounded lump of anything, e.g. flint in chalk, carbon in cast iron, or a mineral on the seabed 小结；结核(如粉笔中的硬块；铸铁中的碳或海底的矿物质) 2  a small swelling or aggregation of cells, e.g. a small tumour, node, or ganglion, or a swelling on a root of a legume containing bacteria 小肿块(如小瘤、小节、腱鞘囊肿或包含细菌的豆类根部隆起部分) □ nodular  adj.  □ nodulated  adj.  □ nodulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ nodulose  adj.  □ nodulous  adj.   [Latin nodulus, diminutive of nodus: see NODUS]

nodus /ˈnəʊdəs/ n. (pl. nodi /-dai/)  a knotty point, a difficulty, a complication in the plot of a story etc. 节；结节；难点；(故事等情节的)复杂之处 [Latin, = knot]

Noel /nəʊˈel/ n. (also 亦作 Noël, archaic [古义] Nowel, Nowell)  Christmas (esp. as a refrain in carols) 圣诞节；圣诞颂歌(尤指圣诞颂歌中的叠句) [French from Latin (as NATAL)]

noetic /nəʊˈetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the intellect 理智的 2  purely intellectual or abstract 纯理性的；抽象的 3  given to intellectual speculation 爱好思索的 ●n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the science of the intellect 理智论 [Greek noētikos, via noētos ‘intellectual’ from noeō ‘apprehend’]

no-fault attrib. adj. esp. N. Amer.  involving no fault or blame, esp. designating an insurance policy that is valid regardless of whether the policy-holder was at fault [尤北美] (尤指保险契约)不追究过失责任的

no-fly zone n.  a zone in which aircraft are forbidden to fly (飞机)禁飞区

no-frills attrib. adj.  lacking ornament or embellishment 朴实无华的；无装饰(修饰)的

nog1 /nɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small block or peg of wood 小块木头(木栓) 2  a snag or stump on a tree (树的)残桩；残干 3  nogging 木架砖壁 ●v. tr. (nogged, nogging)  1  secure with nogs (以木栓)固定 2  build in the form of nogging 用(砖)填砌 [17th c.: origin unknown]

nog2 /nɒɡ/ n.  1 Brit.  a strong beer brewed in East Anglia [英] (一种英格兰东部酿制的)烈啤酒 2  an egg-flip 蛋奶酒 [17th c.: origin unknown]

noggin /ˈnɒɡin/ n.  1  a small mug 小杯 2  a small measure, usu. 1/4 pint, of spirits 少量烈酒(通常为 1/4 品脱) 3 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 [17th c.: origin unknown]

nogging /ˈnɒɡiŋ/ n.  brickwork or timber braces in a timber frame 木架砖壁 [NOG1 + -ING1]

no go adj. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  impossible, hopeless; forbidden 不可能；绝望的；严禁的

no-go area n. Brit.  an area forbidden to unauthorized people [英] (外人不得入内的)禁区

no good n. & adj. ●n.  mischief 祸害  is up to no good  不怀好意 ●predic. adj.  useless; to no advantage 无用的；无优点的  it is no good arguing  辩论无益 said my idea was no good  说我的主意一点也不好

no-good adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●attrib. adj.  useless 无用的 ●n.  a useless person or thing 无用的人(或东西)

Noh /nəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 No)  traditional Japanese drama with dance and song, evolved from Shinto rites 能乐(日本的一种传统歌舞剧) [Japanese nō]

no-hitter n. Baseball  a match in which a pitcher yields no hits 【棒球】无安打球赛

no-hoper n. slang  a useless person; a person or thing doomed to failure [俚语]无用的人；注定失败的人(或事)

nohow /ˈnəʊhaʊ/ adv.  1 US  in no way; by no means [美]决不；一点也不 2 dial.  out of order; out of sorts [方]失常地；不舒服

noil /nɔil/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  short wool-combings 精梳短羊毛 [perhaps via Old French noel from medieval Latin nodellus, diminutive of Latin nodus ‘knot’]

noise /nɔiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sound, esp. a loud or unpleasant or undesired one 噪音(尤指声大、令人不快、不受欢迎的声音) 2  a series of loud sounds, esp. shouts; a confused sound of voices and movements 喧闹(尤指叫喊、杂乱声及喧闹声) 3  irregular fluctuations accompanying a transmitted signal but not relevant to it 干扰 4 (in pl. 用复数)  conventional remarks, or speechlike sounds without actual words 议论；像说话声  made sympathetic noises  发出同情的声音 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  make public; spread abroad (a person's fame or a fact) 公开；传开(某人的名声或事实) 2 intr. archaic  make much noise [古义]制造噪音 □ make a noise   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about)  talk or complain much 牢骚满腹；喧嚷 2  be much talked of; attain notoriety 被人议论纷纷；使臭名远扬 [Middle English via Old French from Latin nausea: see NAUSEA]

noiseless /ˈnɔizlis/ adj.  1  silent 无声的 2  characterized by the absence of extraneous noise 寂静的 □ noiselessly  adv.  □ noiselessness  n.  

noise-maker n.  a device for making a loud noise at a festivity etc. 噪音发生器(尤指节日等时用于发出高音的装置)

noise pollution n.  harmful or annoying noise 噪音污染

noises off n. pl.  sounds made off stage to be heard by the audience of a play 台后音；幕后音

noisette /nwɑ:ˈzet/ n.  1  a small round piece of meat etc. 小圆片肉 2  a chocolate made with hazelnuts 榛子巧克力 [French, diminutive of noix ‘nut’]

noisome /ˈnɔis(ə)m/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  harmful, noxious 有害的；有毒的 2  evil-smelling 恶臭的 3  objectionable, offensive 令人不快的；讨厌的 □ noisomeness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete noy, from ANNOY]

noisy /ˈnɔizi/ adj. (noisier, noisiest)  1  full of or attended with noise 充满噪声的；吵吵嚷嚷的 2  making or given to making much noise 嘈杂的；喧闹的 3  clamorous, turbulent 吵闹的；狂闹的 4 (of a colour, garment, etc.) loud, conspicuous (颜色、衣服等)显眼的；出众的 □ noisily  adv.  □ noisiness  n.  

nolens volens /nəʊlenz ˈvəʊlenz/ adv. literary  willy-nilly, perforce [文学用语]不管愿意不愿意；必须 [Latin participles, = unwilling, willing]

nolle prosequi /nɒli ˈprɒsikwai/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the relinquishment by a plaintiff or prosecutor of all or part of a suit (原告全部或部分)撤销(起诉) 2  the entry of this on record (对撤销起诉)记录在案 [Latin, = refuse to pursue]

nom. abbr. [缩略]  nominal 

nomad /ˈnəʊmæd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people roaming from place to place for fresh pasture 游牧部落一员 2  a wanderer 流浪者 ●adj.  1  living as a nomad 游牧的 2  wandering 流浪的 □ nomadic  /-ˈmædik/ adj.  □ nomadically  /-ˈmædik(ə)li/ adv.  □ nomadism  n.  □ nomadize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French nomade via Latin nomas nomad- from Greek nomas -ados, from nemō ‘to pasture’]

no man's land n.  1 Mil.  the space between two opposing armies 【军】(两敌对军队间的)无人区 2  an area not assigned to any owner 无主的地方 3  an area not clearly belonging to any one subject etc. 性质尚未确定的领域(学科等)

nombril /ˈnɒmbril/ n. Heraldry  the point halfway between fess point and the base of the shield 【纹章学】盾脐(指盾下半部分的中心点) [French, = navel]

nom de guerre /nɒm də ˈɡɛə, 法 nɔ˜ də ɡɛr/ n. (pl. noms de guerre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an assumed name under which a person fights, plays, writes, etc. (打仗、演戏、写作等用的)假名；化名 [French, = war-name]

nom de plume /nɒm də ˈplu:m/ n. (pl. noms de plume pronunc. same 单复发音同)  an assumed name under which a person writes 笔名 [formed in English of French words, = pen-name, on the pattern of NOM DE GUERRE]

nomen /ˈnəʊmən/ n.  an ancient Roman's second name, indicating the gens, as in Marcus Tullius Cicero (古罗马人的)第二个名字(如 Marcus Tullius Cicero 中的 Tullius) [Latin, = name]

nomenclature /nə(ʊ)ˈmeŋklətʃə, ˈnəʊmənkleitʃə/ n.  1  a person's or community's system of names for things 专门术语(名称) 2  the terminology of a science etc. (科学等的)术语 3  systematic naming 命名法 4  a catalogue or register 术语目录；术语集 □ nomenclative  adj.  □ nomenclatural  /-ˈklætʃ(ə)r(ə)l, -kləˈtʃʊər(ə)l/ adj.   [French from Latin nomenclatura, from nomen ‘name’ + calare ‘call’]

nominal /ˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  1  existing in name only; not real or actual 名义上存在的；有名无实的，空有其名的  nominal and real prices  名义上和实际的价格 nominal ruler  名义上的统治者 2 (of a sum of money, rent, etc.) virtually nothing; much below the actual value of a thing 象征性的(钱、租金等大大低于某物的真正价值) 3  of or in names 名义上的；徒有虚名的  nominal and essential distinctions  名义上的和根本上的区别 4  consisting of or giving the names 名字的；列名的  nominal list of officers  军官名单 5  of or as or like a noun 名词的；作名词的；像名词的 □ nominally  adv.   [Middle English via French nominal or Latin nominalis from nomen -inis ‘name’]

nominal definition n.  a statement of all that is connoted in the name of a concept 名目定义

nominalism /ˈnɒmin(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that universals or general ideas are mere names (opp. 反义 REALISM 3a) 【哲】唯名论(指出一般概念只不过是名称而已) □ nominalist  n.  □ nominalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [French nominalisme (as NOMINAL)]

nominalize /ˈnɒmin(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  form a noun from (a verb, adjective, etc.), e.g. output, truth, from put out, true (由动词、形容词等)构成名词(如 output, truth 源于 put out 和 true) □ nominalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

nominal value n.  the face value (of a coin, shares, etc.) (硬币、股票等的)票面价值

nominate /ˈnɒmineit/ v. tr.  1  propose (a candidate) for election 提名(候选人) 2  appoint to an office 任命；指定  a board of six nominated and six elected members  由 6 名指定成员和 6 名选举产生的成员组成的董事会 3  name or appoint (a date or place) (对日期或地点)命名 4  mention by name 提及名字 5  call by the name of, designate 叫…名字；称呼 □ nominator  n.   [Latin nominare nominat- (as NOMINAL)]

nomination /nɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of nominating; the state of being nominated (被)命名；(被)提名 2  the right of nominating for an appointment 提名权  have a nomination at your disposal  由你提名 [Middle English from Old French nomination or Latin nominatio (as NOMINATE)]

nominative /ˈnɒminətiv/ n. & adj. ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  the case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, expressing the subject of a verb 主格(表达动词主语的名词、代词、形容词的格) 2  a word in this case 主格词 ●adj.  1 Gram.  of or in this case 【语法】主格的；用主格的 2 /-neitiv/  of, or appointed by, nomination (as distinct from election) 任命的；被提名任命的(有别于选举) □ nominatival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French nominatif -ive or Latin nominativus (as NOMINATE), translation of Greek onomastikē (ptōsis ‘case’)]

nominee /nɒmiˈni:/ n.  1  a person who is nominated for an office or as the recipient of a grant etc. 被任命者；(转让财产等的)被提名者 2 Commerce  a person (not necessarily the owner) in whose name a stock etc. is registered 【商业】以某人的名字(并不一定是所有者)登记股票(证券等) [NOMINATE]

nomogram /ˈnɒməɡræm, ˈnəʊm-/ n. (also 亦作 nomograph /-ɡrɑ:f/)  a graphical presentation of relations between quantities whereby the value of one may be found by simple geometrical construction (e.g. drawing a straight line) from those of others 列线图(表示量之间关系的图，量的价值可在简单的几何结构中发现) □ nomographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ nomographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ nomography  /nəˈmɒɡrəfi/ n.   [Greek nomo- from nomos ‘law’ + -GRAM]

no more n., adj. & adv. ●n.  nothing further 不再  have no more to say  没有什么可说的了 want no more of it  不再想要它 ●adj.  not any more 不再的  no more wine?  不再来点酒？ ●adv.  1  no longer 不再 2  never again 决不 3  to no greater extent 范围不再扩大  is no more a lord than I am  和我一样不是君王 could no more do it than fly in the air  只能在空中飞翔 4  just as little, neither 也没有  you did not come, and no more did he  你不来，他也不来

nomothetic /nɒməˈθetik, ˈnəʊm-/ adj.  1  stating (esp. scientific) laws 制定(尤指科学的)法律的；阐述(尤指科学)规律的 2  legislative 立法的；法定的 [obsolete nomothete ‘legislator’ from Greek nomothetēs]

-nomy /nəmi/ comb. form  denoting an area of knowledge or the laws governing it (aeronomy 高层大气物理学 ; economy 经济) [构词成分]表示“学科”；“法则” [representing Greek -nomia, related to nomos ‘law’ nemein ‘distribute’]

non- /nɒn/ prefix giving the negative sense of words with which it is combined, esp. 构成与其相连单词的相反释义，如 :  1  not doing or having or involved with (non-attendance 不出席 ; non-payment 不支付(的); non-productive 不生产的) 不做；没有；不涉及 2  a  not of the kind or class described (non-alcoholic 不含酒精的 ; non-member 非会员的 ; non-event 无实效的事) 不是所描绘的种类(等级)b  forming terms used adjectivally (non-union 非联盟的 ; non-party 无党派的) 构成用作形容词的术语 3  a lack of (non-access 无性生活) 缺乏；不足 4 (with adverbs 与副词连用)  not in the way described (non-aggressively 非攻击性地) 不是所描绘的方式 5  forming adjectives from verbs, meaning ‘that does not’ or ‘that is not meant to (or to be)’ (non-skid 防滑的 ; non-iron 无需熨烫的) 由动词构成形容词，意思是“不是”或“不意味(是)” 6  used to form a neutral negative sense when a form in in- or un- has a special sense or (usu. unfavourable) connotation (non-controversial 不用争议的 ; non-effective 无效的 ; non-human 非人类的) (当以具有特殊释义或(通常为“不利的”)含意的 in-, un- 形式出现时)构成中性相反释义 [from or suggested by Middle English no(u)n- via Anglo-French noun-, Old French non-, nom- from Latin non ‘not’]■Usage 用法说明 The number of words that can be formed with the prefix non- is unlimited; consequently only a selection, considered the most current or semantically noteworthy, can be given here. 能与前缀 non- 构成的词的数目是无限的；所以此处所选择的词只考虑到最流行或具有语义价值。 

nona- /ˈnɒnə, ˈnəʊnə/ comb. form  nine [构词成分]九 [Latin from nonus ‘ninth’]

non-abstainer /nɒnəbˈsteinə/ n.  a person who does not abstain (esp. from alcohol) 不节制的人(尤指不戒酒的人)

non-acceptance /nɒnəkˈsept(ə)ns/ n.  a lack of acceptance 不接受

non-access /nɒnˈækses/ n.  a lack of access 无性生活

non-addictive /nɒnəˈdiktiv/ adj. (of a drug, habit, etc.) not causing addiction (毒品、嗜好等)没有上瘾的

nonage /ˈnəʊnidʒ, ˈnɒn-/ n.  1 hist.  the state of being under full legal age, minority [史义]未到法定年龄，未成年 2  a period of immaturity 未成熟期 [Middle English from Anglo-French nounage, Old French nonage (as NON-, AGE)]

nonagenarian /nɒnədʒiˈnɛəriən, nəʊn-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 90 to 99 years old 90 到 99 岁的人 ●adj.  of this age 90 到 99 岁的 [Latin nonagenarius from nonageni, distributive of nonaginta ‘ninety’]

non-aggression /nɒnəˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  lack of or restraint from aggressionen 不侵犯，不侵略 often 常作 attrib.: non-aggression pact  不侵犯条约

nonagon /ˈnɒnəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with nine sides and angles 九边形 [Latin nonus ‘ninth’, on the pattern of HEXAGON]

non-alcoholic /ˌnɒnælkəˈhɒlik/ adj. (of a drink etc.) not containing alcohol (饮料等)不含酒精的

non-aligned /nɒnəˈlaind/ adj. (of states etc.) not aligned with another (esp. major) power (国家等) (尤指与大国)不结盟的 □ non-alignment  n.  

non-allergic /nɒnəˈlɜ:dʒik/ adj.  not causing allergy; not allergic 不过敏的；非变(态反)应性的

non-ambiguous /nɒnæmˈbiɡjʊəs/ adj.  not ambiguous 不明确的；不模棱两可的■Usage 用法说明 Non-ambiguous is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNAMBIGUOUS. Non-ambiguous 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNAMBIGUOUS 。 

non-appearance /nɒnəˈpiər(ə)ns/ n.  failure to appear or be present 没有出现(或出席)

non-art /nɒnˈɑ:t/ n.  something that avoids the normal forms of art 非艺术

nonary /ˈnəʊnəri/ adj. & n. ●adj. Math. (of a scale of notation) having nine as its base 【数】(计法进位制)九进法的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a group of nine 9 个一组 [Latin nonus ‘ninth’]

non-Aryan /nɒnˈɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a person or language) not Aryan or of Aryan descent (人或语言)不是雅利安人(后裔)的 ●n.  a non-Aryan person 非雅利安人

non-attached /nɒnəˈtætʃd/ adj.  that is not attached 不附属的■Usage 用法说明 Non-attached is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNATTACHED. Non-attached 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNATTACHED 。 

non-attendance /nɒnəˈtend(ə)ns/ n.  failure to attend 不出席

non-attributable /nɒnəˈtribjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot or may not be attributed to a particular source etc. 不能(不可)归于(某个特殊原因等)的 □ non-attributably  adv.  

non-availability /ˌnɒnəveiləˈbiliti/ n.  a state of not being available 未利用

non-believer /nɒnbiˈli:və/ n.  a person who does not believe or has no (esp. religious) faith 不相信(尤指宗教)的人，无信仰的人

non-belligerency /nɒnbiˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nsi/ n.  a lack of belligerency 非交战

non-belligerent /nɒnbiˈlidʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not engaged in hostilities 非交战的 ●n.  a non-belligerent nation, state, etc. 非交战民族(国家等)

non-biological /ˌnɒnbaiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not relating to biology or living organisms 与生物学(或生物)无关的 2 (of a detergent etc.) not containing enzymes (清洁剂等)不含酶的

non-black /nɒnˈblæk/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person) not black (人)非黑的 2  of or relating to non-black people (有关)非黑人的 ●n.  a non-black person 非黑人

non-breakable /nɒnˈbreikəb(ə)l/ adj.  not breakable 不易碎的

non-capital /nɒnˈkæpit(ə)l/ adj. (of an offence) not punishable by death (罪行)非死刑的

non-Catholic /nɒnˈkæθ(ə)lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not Roman Catholic 非天主教的 ●n.  a non-Catholic person 非天主教徒

nonce /nɒns/ n.   □ for the nonce   for the time being; for the present occasion 暂时；目前 [Middle English than anes = for the one, altered by wrong division (cf. NEWT)]

nonce-word n.  a word coined for one occasion 为特定场合而造的词，临时造的词

nonchalant /ˈnɒnʃ(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  calm and casual, unmoved, unexcited, indifferent 镇静的；不经意的；冷淡的；无动于衷的；漠然的 □ nonchalance  n.  □ nonchalantly  adv.   [French, part. of nonchaloir (as NON-, chaloir ‘be concerned’)]

non-Christian /nɒnˈkristʃ(ə)n, -ˈkristiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not Christian 非基督教的 ●n.  a non-Christian person 非基督教徒

non-citizen /nɒnˈsitiz(ə)n/ n.  a person who is not a citizen (of a particular state, town, etc.) 非(某一国家、城镇的)公民

non-classified /nɒnˈklæsifaid/ adj. (esp. of information) that is not classified (尤指信息)未被归类(指定为密级)的■Usage 用法说明 Non-classified is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNCLASSIFIED. Non-classified 是中性词，见 NON- 6, UNCLASSIFIED 。 

non-clerical /nɒnˈklerik(ə)l/ adj.  not doing or involving clerical work 不从事(或不涉及)牧师工作的

non-collegiate /nɒnkəˈli:dʒ(i)ət/ adj.  1  not attached to a college 不属于学院的 2  not having colleges 不设学院的

non-com /ˈnɒnkɒm/ n. colloq.  a non-commissioned officer [口]军士 [abbreviation]

non-combatant /nɒnˈkɒmbət(ə)nt/ n.  a person not fighting in a war, esp. a civilian, army chaplain, etc. 非战斗人员(尤指平民、军队牧师等)

non-commissioned /nɒnkəˈmiʃ(ə)nd/ adj. Mil. (of an officer) not holding a commission 【军】(军官)未有委任状的；未授任命的

non-committal /nɒnkəˈmit(ə)l/ adj.  avoiding commitment to a definite opinion or course of action (对一特定观点、行动)不表态的 □ non-committally  adv.  

non-communicant /nɒnkəˈmju:nik(ə)nt/ n.  a person who is not a communicant (esp. in the religious sense) (尤指按宗教观念)非领受圣餐者

non-communicating /nɒnkəˈmju:nikeitiŋ/ adj.  that does not communicate 不交流的

non-communist /nɒnˈkɒmjʊnist/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 non-Communist with reference to a particular party 指特殊的政党) ●adj.  not advocating or practising communism 非宣扬(或从事)共产主义的 ●n.  a non-communist person 非共产主义分子

non-compliance /nɒnkəmˈplaiəns/ n.  failure to comply; a lack of compliance 不顺从；不让步

non compos mentis /ˌnɒn kɒmpɒs ˈmentis/ adj. (also 亦作 non compos)  not in one's right mind 精神失常的 [Latin, = not having control of one's mind]

non-conductor /nɒnkənˈdʌktə/ n.  a substance that does not conduct heat or electricity 非导体 □ non-conducting  adj.  

non-confidential /ˌnɒnkɒnfiˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  not confidential 非机密的；不信任的 □ non-confidentially  adv.  

nonconformist /nɒnkənˈfɔ:mist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who does not conform to the doctrine or discipline of an established Church, esp. a member of a (usu. Protestant) sect dissenting from the Anglican Church 不信奉所确立的宗教信仰者(尤指非信奉国教者，通常指新教徒) 2  a person who does not conform to a prevailing principle 不遵守规则的人；不墨守陈规的人 ●adj.  of or relating to a nonconformist or to Nonconformism (有关)不信奉国教的人(教义)的 □ nonconformism  n. (also 亦作 Relig. 【宗】 Nonconformism)  

nonconformity /nɒnkənˈfɔ:miti/ n.  1  a  nonconformists as a body, esp. (作 Nonconformity) Protestants dissenting from the Anglican Church 与国教持异议的团体(尤指不信奉国教的新教徒团体)b  the principles or practice of nonconformists, esp. (作 Nonconformity) Protestant dissent (尤指不信奉国教的)新教教徒的教义(或活动) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  failure to conform to a rule etc. 不符合(规则等) 3  lack of correspondence between things (两者之间)不一致

non-contagious /nɒnkənˈteidʒəs/ adj.  not contagious 非触染的

non-content /ˈnɒnkəntent/ n. Brit.  a negative voter in the House of Lords [英] (上议院)投反对票者

non-contentious /nɒnkənˈtenʃəs/ adj.  not contentious 非争论性的；不大会引起争论的

non-contributory /nɒnkənˈtribjʊt(ə)ri/ adj.  not contributing or (esp. of a pension scheme) involving contributions (尤指养老金规划)非共醵的

non-controversial /ˌnɒnkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  not controversial 不用争议的■Usage 用法说明 Non-controversial is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNCONTROVERSIAL. Non-controversial 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNCONTROVERSIAL 。 

non-cooperation /ˌnɒnkəʊɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  failure to cooperate; a lack of cooperation 不合作；缺乏合作

non-delivery /nɒndiˈliv(ə)ri/ n.  failure to deliver 未送交；无法投递

non-denominational /ˌnɒndinɒmiˈneiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not restricted as regards religious denomination 不限于特定宗教派别的；跨教派的

nondescript /ˈnɒndiskript/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lacking distinctive characteristics, not easily classified, neither one thing nor another 缺乏特色的；难以归类的；难以名状的 ●n.  a nondescript person or thing 没有特点(难以归类)的人(物) □ nondescriptly  adv.  □ nondescriptness  n.   [NON- + descript ‘described’ from Latin descriptus (as DESCRIBE)]

non-destructive /nɒndiˈstrʌktiv/ adj.  that does not involve destruction or damage 非破坏性的；未受毁坏的

non-drinker /nɒnˈdriŋkə/ n.  a person who does not drink alcoholic liquor 不喝酒的人

non-driver /nɒnˈdraivə/ n.  a person who does not drive a motor vehicle 不驾车的人

none1 /nʌn/ pron., adj. & adv. ●pron.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  not any of 一点也不；毫不  none of this concerns me  这事跟我一点也没关系 none of them have found it  他们中没有一个人发现它 none of your impudence!  别厚颜无耻！b  not any one of 没有一个人  none of them has come  没一个人来 2  a  no persons 没有人  none but fools have ever believed it  只有傻瓜才会相信b  no person 没有一人  none can tell  没有一人说得清楚 ●adj. (usu. with a preceding noun implied 通常前面有暗指的名词)  1  no; not any 没有；一点也没有  you have money and I have none  你有钱，我没钱 would rather have a bad reputation than none at all  宁愿拥有坏名声也比没有名声强 2  not to be counted in a specified class 不被视为特定的种类  his understanding is none of the clearest  他的判断力不是最清楚的那类 if a linguist is wanted, I am none  如果需要语言学家的话，我可不是 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 the + compar., or so, too)  by no amount; not at all 一点也不；毫不  am none the wiser  一点也不明智 are none too fond of him  一点也不喜欢他 □ none the less   see 见 NONETHELESS □ none other  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 than)  no other person 不是别人 [Old English nɑˉn, from ne ‘not’ + ɑˉn ONE]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1 of the pronoun, none can be followed by a singular or plural verb according to the sense. If the sense is ‘not any one of’ a singular verb is used, e.g. None of them is any good, while if the sense is simply ‘not any of’ a plural verb is used, e.g. None of them want to come. The use of the singular verb is more emphatic. 当用作代词释义 1 时， none 根据意思可跟单数或复数动词。当意思为 not any one of (一个也没有)时，用单数，如 : None of them is any good (他们中没有一个是好的)。然而，当意思为 not any of (没有)时，用复数动词，如 : None of them want ot come (他们中没有人想来)。跟单数动词更加表示强调。 

none2 /nəʊn/ n. (also in pl. 亦用复数)  the office of the fifth canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the ninth hour of the day (3 p.m.) 第 5 段时间的祈祷(起初在白天的第 9 个小时，即下午 3 点) [French from Latin nona, fem. sing. of nonus ‘ninth’: cf. NOON]

non-earning /nɒnˈɜ:niŋ/ adj.  not earning (esp. a regular wage or salary) 不挣(尤指薪水或工资)的

non-effective /nɒniˈfektiv/ adj.  that does not have an effect 无效的■Usage 用法说明 Non-effective is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, INEFFECTIVE. Non-effective 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， INEFFECTIVE 。 

non-ego /nɒnˈi:ɡəʊ/ n. Philos.  all that is not the conscious self 【哲】非自我；非我

nonentity /nɒˈnentiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person or thing of no importance 无足轻重的人；无价值的东西 2  a  non-existence 不存在b  a non-existent thing, a figment 不存在的东西；虚构的事 [medieval Latin nonentitas ‘non-existence’]

nones /nəʊnz/ n. pl.  in the ancient Roman calendar, the ninth day before the ides by inclusive reckoning, i.e. the 7th day of March, May, July, October, the 5th of other months 在古罗马历法中自月中起算的第 9 天(即 3 、 5 、 7 、 10 月的第 7 天，其他月份的第 5 天) [Old French nones from Latin nonae, fem. pl. of nonus ‘ninth’]

none-so-pretty n.  London Pride 耐阴虎耳草

non-essential /nɒniˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not essential 非必要的；不重要的；非本质的 ●n.  a non-essential thing 不重要的东西■Usage 用法说明 Non-essential is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, INESSENTIAL. Non-essential 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， INESSENTIAL 。 

nonesuch var.  of NONSUCH  NONSUCH 的变体

nonet /nəʊˈnet, nɒˈnet/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for nine voices or instruments 九重唱(奏)b  the performers of such a piece 九重唱(奏)表演者 2  a group of nine 9 个一组 [Italian nonetto from nono ‘ninth’, from Latin nonus]

nonetheless /nʌnðəˈles, ˈnʌnðəles/ adv. (also 亦作 none the less)  nevertheless 仍然；不过

non-Euclidean /nɒnju:ˈklidiən/ adj.  denying or going beyond Euclidean principles in geometry, esp. contravening the postulate that only one line through a given point can be parallel to a given line 非欧几里得的(尤指反驳通过已知点的惟一一条线与已知线平行的假设)

non-European /ˌnɒnjʊərəˈpiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not European 非欧洲的 ●n.  a non-European person 非欧洲人

non-event /nɒniˈvent/ n.  an unimportant or anticlimactic occurrence 不重要的事件；成不了气候的事

non-existent /nɒniɡˈzist(ə)nt, -eɡ-/ adj.  not existing 不存在的 □ non-existence  n.  

non-explosive /nɒnikˈspləʊsiv, -ek-/ adj. (of a substance) that does not explode (物质)非爆炸的

non-fattening /nɒnˈfæt(ə)niŋ/ adj. (of food) that does not make the consumer fat when eaten in normal amounts (食物)脱脂的

nonfeasance /nɒnˈfi:z(ə)ns/ n.  failure to perform an act required by law (法律行为的)不履行 [NON-: see MISFEASANCE]

non-ferrous /nɒnˈferəs/ adj. (of a metal) other than iron or steel (金属)不含铁(或钢)的

non-fiction /nɒnˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.  literary work other than fiction, including biography and reference books 非小说类的文学作品(包括传记和参考书) □ non-fictional  adj.  

non-flam /nɒnˈflæm/ adj.  = NON-FLAMMABLE 

non-flammable /nɒnˈflæməb(ə)l/ adj.  not inflammable 不易燃的■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at FLAMMABLE. 见 FLAMMABLE 的用法说明。 

non-fulfilment /nɒnfʊlˈfilm(ə)nt/ n.  failure to fulfil (an obligation) (义务)不履行

non-functional /nɒnˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not having a function 没有功能的

nong /nɒŋ/ n. Austral. slang  a foolish or stupid person [澳] [俚语]蠢人，笨蛋 [20th c.: origin unknown]

non-governmental /ˌnɒnɡʌv(ə)nˈment(ə)l/ adj.  not belonging to or associated with a government 非政府的；与政府无关的

non-human /nɒnˈhju:mən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a being) not human (生物)非人类的 ●n.  a non-human being 非人类■Usage 用法说明 Non-human is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, INHUMAN, UNHUMAN. Non-human 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， INHUMAN, UNHUMAN 。 

non-infectious /nɒninˈfekʃəs/ adj. (of a disease) not infectious (疾病)不易传染的

non-inflected /nɒninˈflektid/ adj. (of a language) not having inflections (语言)无屈折变化的

non-interference /ˌnɒnintəˈfiər(ə)ns/ n.  a lack of interference 不干扰

non-intervention /ˌnɒnintəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  the principle or practice of not becoming involved in others' affairs, esp. by one state in regard to another (尤指一国对他国的事务)不干涉 □ non-interventionist  adj. & n.  

non-intoxicating /nɒninˈtɒksikeitiŋ/ adj. (of drink) not causing intoxication (酒)不会醉人的

non-invasive /nʌninˈveisiv/ adj.  1 (of a medical procedure) not requiring incision into the body or the removal of tissue (医疗过程)不需要动手术(或切除机体组织)的 2 (of an infection etc.) not tending to spread (传染等)非扩散的

non-iron /nɒnˈaiən/ adj. (of a fabric) that needs no ironing (织物)无需熨烫的

nonjoinder /nɒnˈdʒɔində/ n. Law  the failure of a partner etc. to become a party to a suit 【法律】未参加诉讼(合伙人等未能成为诉讼之一方)

nonjuror /nɒnˈdʒʊərə/ n.  a person who refuses to take an oath, esp. hist. a member of the clergy refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary in 1689 拒绝发誓效忠的人 ([尤史义]在 1689 年神职人员拒绝发誓效忠威廉姆三世和玛丽女王二世的不矢忠派) □ nonjuring  adj.  

non-jury /nɒnˈdʒʊəri/ adj. (of a trial) without a jury (审判)无陪审团的

non-linear /nɒnˈliniə/ adj.  not linear, esp. with regard to dimension 非线性的(尤指与面积有关)

non-literary /nɒnˈlit(ə) (rə)ri/ adj. (of writing, a text, etc.) not literary in character (作品、课文等)非文学的

non-logical /nɒnˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  not involving logic 不合乎逻辑的 □ non-logically  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Non-logical is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, ILLOGICAL. Non-logical 是中性词，见 NON- 6, ILLOGICAL 。 

non-magnetic /nɒnmæɡˈnetik/ adj. (of a substance) not magnetic (物质)无磁性的

non-member /nɒnˈmembə/ n.  a person who is not a member (of a particular association, club, etc.) (协会、俱乐部等的)非会员 □ non-membership  n.  

non-metal /nɒnˈmet(ə)l/ adj.  not made of metal 非金属的 □ non-metallic  /-miˈtælik/ adj.  

non-militant /nɒnˈmilit(ə)nt/ adj.  not militant 非战斗的

non-military /nɒnˈmilit(ə)ri/ adj.  not military; not involving armed forces, civilian 非军事的；不涉及武装力量的；平民的

non-ministerial /ˌnɒnminiˈstiəriəl/ adj.  not ministerial (esp. in political senses) (尤指用于政治意义)非内阁的

non-moral /nɒnˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj.  not concerned with morality 与道德无关的 □ non-morally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Non-moral is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, AMORAL, IMMORAL. Non-moral 是中性词，见 NON- 6, AMORAL, IMMORAL 。 

non-natural /nɒnˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  not involving natural means or processes 非天然的■Usage 用法说明 Non-natural is neutral in sense: see Non-natural. Non-natural 是中性词，见 Non-natural 。 

non-negotiable /nɒnniˈɡəʊʃəb(ə)l, -ʃiə-/ adj.  that cannot be negotiated 不可谈判的；无商量余地的

non-net /nɒnˈnet/ adj. Brit. (of a book) not subject to a minimum selling price [英] (书)不受制于最低卖价的

non-nuclear /nɒnˈnju:kliə/ adj.  1  not involving nuclei or nuclear energy 非核(能)的 2 (of a state etc.) not having nuclear weapons (国家等)无核武器的

no-no /ˈnəʊnəʊ/ n. (pl. no-nos) colloq.  a thing that is not possible or acceptable [口]不可能的(或不接受的)事

non-objective /nɒnəbˈdʒektiv/ adj.  1  not objective 非客观的 2 Art  abstract 【艺术】抽象的

non-observance /nɒnəbˈzɜ:v(ə)ns/ n.  failure to observe (esp. an agreement, requirement, etc.) (尤指对合约、要求等)不遵守

no-nonsense attrib. adj.  serious, sensible, without flippancy 严肃的；明智的；不容胡闹的

non-operational /ˌnɒnɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  that does not operate 不运行的 2  out of order 次序颠倒的；无序的

non-organic /nɒnɔ:ˈɡænik/ adj.  not organic 无机体的■Usage 用法说明 Non-organic is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, INORGANIC. Non-organic 是中性词，见 NON- 6, INORGANIC 。 

nonpareil /nɒnpəˈreil/ adj. & n. ●adj.  unrivalled or unique 无可比拟的；无双的 ●n.  such a person or thing 无可匹敌的人(东西) [French as NON- + pareil ‘equal’ from popular Latin pariculus, diminutive of Latin par]

non-participating /nɒnpɑ:ˈtisipeitiŋ/ adj.  not taking part 未参加的；不参与的

non-partisan /ˌnɒnpɑ:tiˈzæn/ adj.  not partisan 无党的

non-party /nɒnˈpɑ:ti/ adj.  independent of political parties 无党派的；非党的

non-payment /nɒnˈpeim(ə)nt/ n.  failure to pay; a lack of payment 不支付；未支付

non-penetrative /nɒnˈpenitrətiv/ adj. (of sexual activity) in which penetration does not take place (性活动)不能进入的

non-person /nɒnˈpɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a person regarded as non-existent or insignificant (cf. 参见 UNPERSON) 被认为不存在(或不重要)的人

non-personal /nɒnˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not personal 非私人的；不涉及隐私的■Usage 用法说明 Non-personal is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, IMPERSONAL. Non-personal 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， IMPERSONAL 。 

non-physical /nɒnˈfizik(ə)l/ adj.  not physical 非肉体的 □ non-physically  adv.  

non placet /nɒn ˈpleiset/ n.  a negative vote in a Church or university assembly [Latin, = it does not please] (教会、大学会议的)反对票

non-playing /nɒnˈpleiiŋ/ adj.  that does not play or take part (in a game etc.) (尤指在运动等中)不参加比赛的

nonplus /nɒnˈplʌs/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (nonplussed, nonplussing)  completely perplex 使迷惑 ●n.  a state of perplexity, a standstill 迷惑；窘境  at a nonplus  左右为难 reduce to a nonplus  使处于困惑之中 [Latin non plus ‘not more’]

non-poisonous /nɒnˈpɔiz(ə)nəs/ adj. (of a substance, plant, etc.) not poisonous (物质、植物等)无毒的

non-political /nɒnpəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  not political; not involved in politics 非政治性的；不涉及政治的

non-porous /nɒnˈpɔ:rəs/ adj. (of a substance) not porous (物质)无孔的

non possumus /nɒn ˈpɒsjʊməs/ n.  a statement of inability to act in a matter 表示自己无能为力的声明 [Latin, = we cannot]

non-productive /nɒnprəˈdʌktiv/ adj.  not productive 不生产的；非生产性的 □ non-productively  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Non-productive is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNPRODUCTIVE. Non-productive 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNPRODUCTIVE 。 

non-professional /nɒnprəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not professional (esp. in status) (尤指身份)非职业的；业余的■Usage 用法说明 Non-professional is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNPROFESSIONAL. Non-professional 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNPROFESSIONAL 。 

non-profit /nɒnˈprɒfit/ adj.  not involving or making a profit 无利可图的；非盈利的

non-profit-making /nɒnˈprɒfitmeikiŋ/ adj. Brit. (of an enterprise) not conducted primarily to make a profit [英] (企业)不以盈利为目的的

non-proliferation /ˌnɒnprəlifəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the prevention of an increase in something, esp. possession of nuclear weapons 防止扩散(尤指拥有核武器) usu. 通常作 attrib.: non-proliferation agreement  防止核扩散条约

non-racial /nɒnˈreiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  not involving race or racial factors 不涉及种族(因素)的

non-reader /nɒnˈri:də/ n.  a person who cannot read 不能阅读的人

non-resident /nɒnˈrezid(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not residing in a particular place, esp. (of a member of the clergy) not residing where his or her duties require (牧师)不居住在特定地点的(尤指神职人员不在职责范围所在地居住) 2 (of a post) not requiring the holder to reside at the place of work (职位)不要求居住在工作所在地的 ●n. Brit.  a non-resident person, esp. a person using some of the facilities of a hotel [英] (尤指不住在旅馆)利用旅馆设施的人 □ non-residence  n.  □ non-residential  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  

non-resistance /nɒnriˈzist(ə)ns/ n.  failure to resist; a lack of resistance 不抵抗；顺从

non-returnable /nɒnriˈtɜ:nəb(ə)l/ adj.  that will or need or may not be returned 不将(不需要或不会)退还的

non-rigid /nɒnˈridʒid/ adj. (esp. of materials) not rigid (尤指材料)非刚性的

non-scientific /ˌnɒnsaiənˈtifik/ adj.  not involving science or scientific methods 非科学(方法)的 □ non-scientist  /-ˈsaiəntist/ n.  ■Usage 用法说明 Non-scientific is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, UNSCIENTIFIC. Non-scientific 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， UNSCIENTIFIC 。 

non-sectarian /nɒnsekˈtɛəriən/ adj.  not sectarian 不属于任何派系的；无派系的

nonsense /ˈnɒns(ə)ns/ n.  1  a (often as 常作 int.)  absurd or meaningless words or ideas; foolish or extravagant conduct 荒谬(或无意义)的话语(或思想)；愚蠢(或荒唐)的行为b  an instance of this 荒谬的话；愚蠢的行为(事例) 2  a scheme, arrangement, etc., that one disapproves of 不赞成的方案(安排等) 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a form of literature meant to amuse by absurdity 一种荒谬逗乐的文学形式  nonsense verse  打油诗 □ nonsensical  /-ˈsensik(ə)l/ adj.  □ nonsensicality  /nɒnˌsensiˈkæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ nonsensically  /-ˈsensik(ə)li/ adv.  

non sequitur /nɒn ˈsekwitə/ n.  a conclusion that does not logically follow from the premisses 不根据前提的推理 [Latin, = it does not follow]

non-sexual /nɒnˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  not based on or involving sex 无性别的；不涉及性的 □ non-sexually  adv.  

non-skid /nɒnˈskid/ adj.  1  that does not skid 不滑的 2  that inhibits skidding 防滑的

non-slip /nɒnˈslip/ adj.  1  that does not slip 不滑的 2  that inhibits slipping 防滑的

non-smoker /nɒnˈsməʊkə/ n.  1  a person who does not smoke 不抽烟的人 2  a train compartment etc. in which smoking is forbidden 禁止吸烟的列车车厢(包房等) □ non-smoking  adj. & n.  

non-soluble /nɒnˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of a substance) not soluble (尤指物质)不溶的■Usage 用法说明 Non-soluble is neutral in sense: see NON- 6, INSOLUBLE. Non-soluble 是中性词，见 NON- 6 ， INSOLUBLE 。 

non-specialist /nɒnˈspeʃ(ə)list/ n.  a person who is not a specialist (in a particular subject) 非(某一特殊学科的)专家

non-specific /nɒnspəˈsifik/ adj.  not specific or not restricted in extent, effect, cause, etc. 非特定的；(在程度、效果及原因等方面)没有限制的

non-specific urethritis n. Med.  inflammation of the urethra due to infection other than by gonococci, esp. by chlamydiae (abbr. 缩略 : NSU) 【医】(不是由于淋球菌，尤指衣原体而产生的)尿道感染发炎

non-standard /nɒnˈstændəd/ adj.  not standard 非标准的

non-starter /nɒnˈstɑ:tə/ n.  1  a person or animal that does not start in a race 未能参加比赛的人(或动物) 2 colloq.  a person or thing that is unlikely to succeed or be effective [口]不可能成功的人(或事)；无用的人(或事)

non-stick /nɒnˈstik/ adj.  1  that does not stick 不黏的 2  that does not allow things to stick to it 使东西不黏的

non-stop /nɒnˈstɒp/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a train etc.) not stopping at intermediate places (火车等)中间不停的 2 (of a journey, performance, etc.) done without a stop or intermission (旅途、演出等)中间没有间歇的；幕间不休息的 ●adv.  without stopping or pausing 不停地，直达地 ●n.  a non-stop train etc. 直达火车(列车等)

non-subscriber /nɒnsəbˈskraibə/ n.  a person who is not a subscriber 非订户

nonsuch /ˈnɒnsʌtʃ/ n. (also 亦作 nonesuch)  1  a person or thing that is unrivalled, a paragon 无可匹敌的人(或事)；杰出典范 2  a leguminous plant, Medicago lupulina, with black pods 天蓝(荚豆植物，结黑色豆荚) [NONE1 + SUCH, usu. now assimilated to NON-]

nonsuit /nɒnˈsu:t, -ˈsju:t/ n. & v. Law 【法律】  ●n.  the stoppage of a suit by the judge when the plaintiff fails to make out a legal case or to bring sufficient evidence (在原告不进行法律辩护或提供足够的证据时由法官)驳回诉讼 ●v. tr.  subject (a plaintiff) to a nonsuit 驳回(原告)诉讼 [Middle English from Anglo-French no(u)nsuit (as NON-, SUIT)]

non-swimmer /nɒnˈswimə/ n.  a person who cannot swim 不会游泳者

non-technical /nɒnˈteknik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not technical 非技术的 2  without technical knowledge 没有技术知识的

non-toxic /nɒnˈtɒksik/ adj.  not toxic 无毒的

non-transferable /nɒntrænsˈfɜ:rəb(ə)l, -ˈtrænsf(ə)r-, -trɑ:-, -nz-/ adj.  that may not be transferred 不得转让的

non-U /nɒnˈju:, ˈnɒnju:/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  not characteristic of the upper class [尤英口]不具有上层社会特色的 [NON- + U2]

non-uniform /nɒnˈju:nifɔ:m/ adj.  not uniform 不一致的

non-union /nɒnˈju:njən, -iən/ adj.  1  not belonging to a trade union 不属于工会的 2  not done or produced by members of a trade union 不是由工会成员所为(或生产)的

non-usage /nɒnˈju:sidʒ/ n.  = NON-USE 

non-use /nɒnˈju:s/ n.  failure to use 不使用；未使用 □ non-user  n.  

non-verbal /nɒnˈvɜ:b(ə)l/ adj.  not involving words or speech 不使用语言的 □ non-verbally  adv.  

non-vintage /nɒnˈvintidʒ/ adj. (of wine etc.) not vintage (葡萄酒等)未标明年代的

non-violence /nɒnˈvaiələns/ n.  the avoidance of violence, esp. as a principle 非暴力(尤指作为一种原则) □ non-violent  adj.  

non-volatile /nɒnˈvɒlətail/ adj. (esp. of a substance) not volatile (尤指物质)非挥发性的；不挥发的

non-voting /nɒnˈvəʊtiŋ/ adj.  not having or using a vote 不投票的；弃权的 □ non-voter  n.  

non-white /nɒnˈwait/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person) not white (人)非白的 2  of or relating to non-white people (有关)非白种人的 ●n.  a non-white person 非白种人

non-word /ˈnɒnwɜ:d/ n.  an unrecorded or unused word 未被收录(或使用)的词

noodle1 /ˈnu:d(ə)l/ n.  a strip or ring of pasta 面条 [German Nudel, of unknown origin]

noodle2 /ˈnu:d(ə)l/ n.  1  a simpleton 笨蛋；傻子 2 slang  the head [俚语]头，脑袋 [18th c.: origin unknown]

nook /nʊk/ n.  a corner or recess; a secluded place 角落；凹进处，隐蔽处 [Middle English nok(e) ‘corner’, of unknown origin]

nooky /ˈnʊki/ n. (also 亦作 nookie) slang  sexual activity [俚语]性交 [20th c.: perhaps from NOOK]

noon /nu:n/ n.  1  twelve o'clock in the day, midday 正午；中午 2  the culminating point 最高点；鼎盛时期 [originally = 3 p.m.: Old English nōn from Latin nona (hora) ‘ninth hour’ (cf. NONE2)]

noonday /ˈnu:ndei/ n.  midday 中午

no one n.  no person; nobody 没有人；无人

noontide /ˈnu:ntaid/ n. (also 亦作 noontime /-taim/)  midday 正午；中午

noose /nu:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loop with a running knot, tightening as the rope or wire is pulled, esp. in a snare, lasso, or hangman's halter (尤指在圈套、套索、刽子手的绞索中用的)活套 2  a snare or bond 圈套；束缚 3 joc.  the marriage tie [诙]婚姻的纽带 ●v. tr.  1  catch with or enclose in a noose, ensnare (用活套、陷阱)捕捉；使落入圈套中 2  a  make a noose on (a cord) 在(绳子)上打个套b (often foll. 常后跟 round)  arrange (a cord) in a noose 把(绳子)打成套 □ put one's head in a noose   bring about one's own downfall 自投罗网 [Middle English nose, perhaps via Old French no(u)s from Latin nodus ‘knot’]

Nootka /ˈnu:tkə, ˈnʊt-/ n.  an American Indian language of Vancouver Island, Canada 努特卡语(加拿大温哥华岛上的美洲印第安语)

nopal /ˈnəʊp(ə)l/ n.  any American cactus of the genus Nopalea, esp. N. cochinellifera grown in plantations for breeding cochineal 美洲仙人掌(胭脂仙人掌属，尤指在大种植园种植以养育胭脂虫的胭脂仙人掌) [French & Spanish from Nahuatl nopalli ‘cactus’]

nope /nəʊp/ adv. colloq. [口]  = NO2adv. 

nor /nɔ:, nə/ conj.  1  and not; and not either 不；也不  neither one thing nor the other  不是这个，也非那个 not a man nor a child was to be seen  大人小孩一个也看不到 I said I had not seen it, nor had I  我说过我没有见到那东西，实际上我也从未看见过 all that is true, nor must we forget...  一切都是真的，我们不应忘记… can neither read nor write  既不会读也不会写 2  and no more; neither 不再；也不  ‘I cannot go’ - ‘Nor can I’  ‘ 我不能去 ’ —— ‘ 我也不能去 ’ □ nor ... nor ...  poet. or archaic  neither ... nor ... [诗] [古义]既不…也不… [Middle English, contraction from obsolete nother from Old English nawther, nɑˉhwœther (as NO2, WHETHER)]

nor' /nɔ:/ n., adj. & adv. (esp. in compounds 尤用于复合词中)  = NORTH nor'ward  朝北  [abbreviation]

Nora /ˈnɔ:rə/   诺拉 [人名]

noradrenalin /nɔ:rəˈdren(ə)lin/ n. (also 亦作 noradrenaline)  a hormone released by the adrenal medulla and by sympathetic nerve endings as a neurotransmitter Also called 亦称作 norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素 [normal + ADRENALIN]

Nordic /ˈnɔ:dik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the tall blond dolichocephalic Germanic people found in N. Europe, esp. in Scandinavia (尤指北欧斯堪的纳维亚) (有关)日尔曼民族的(高身材、白肤、金发碧眼) 2  of or relating to Scandinavia or Finland (有关)斯堪的纳维亚的；(有关)芬兰的 3 (of skiing) with cross-country work and jumping (滑雪)越野的；跳台的 ●n.  a Nordic person, esp. a native of Scandinavia or Finland 日尔曼人(尤指斯堪的纳维亚人或芬兰人) [French nordique from nord ‘north’]

norepinephrine /ˌnɔ:repiˈnefrin, -ri:n/ n.  = NORADRENALIN  [normal + EPINEPHRINE]

Norfolk jacket /ˈnɔ:fək/ n.  a man's loose belted jacket, with box pleats (有宽松腰带及方型褶裥的)诺福克夹克衫 [Norfolk, a county in S. England]

nork /nɔ:k/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Austral. slang  a woman's breast [澳] [俚语]妇女的乳房，奶子 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

norland /ˈnɔ:lənd/ n. Brit.  a northern region [英]北部地区 [contraction of NORTHLAND]

Norm /nɔ:m/   诺姆 [人名]

norm /nɔ:m/ n.  1  a standard or pattern or type 标准；模范；样式 2  a standard quantity to be produced or amount of work to be done 生产的标准量；应做的工作量 3  customary behaviour etc. 习惯性的举止(行为等) [Latin norma ‘carpenter's square’]

Norma /ˈnɔ:mə/   诺尔马 [人名]

normal /ˈnɔ:m(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  conforming to a standard; regular, usual, typical 标准的；正规的；正常的；典型的 2  free from mental or emotional disorder (智力或情绪)正常的 3 Geom. (of a line) at right angles, perpendicular 【几】(线)正交的；垂直的 4 Chem. (of a solution) containing one gram-equivalent of solute per litre 【化】(溶液)当量浓度的 ●n.  1  a  the normal value of a temperature etc., esp. blood-heat (温度等的)通常标准(尤指人体正常体温)b  the usual state, level, etc. 通常的状态(水平等) 2 Geom.  a line at right angles 【几】正交线 □ normalcy  n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  □ normality  /-ˈmæliti/ n.   [French normal or Latin normalis (as NORM)]

normal distribution n. Statistics  a function that represents the distribution of many random variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph 【统计学】正态分布，常态分配

normalize /ˈnɔ:m(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  make normal 使正常化 2 intr.  become normal 变得正常 3 tr.  cause to conform 使合标准；使合规格 □ normalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ normalizer  n.  

normally /ˈnɔ:m(ə)li/ adv.  1  in a normal manner 正常地；正规地 2  usually 通常地

normally aspirated adj. (of an engine) not turbocharged or supercharged (发动机)非涡轮增压的

normal school n. (in the US, France, etc.) a school or college for training teachers (美国、法国等)师范学校(学院)

Norman /ˈnɔ:mən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of medieval Normandy (中世纪诺曼底的)诺曼人 2  a descendant of the people of mixed Scandinavian and Frankish origin established there in the 10th c., who conquered England in 1066 (10 世纪时)斯堪的纳维亚和法兰克人的后裔(于 1066 年攻克英国) 3  Norman French 诺曼法语 4 Archit.  the style of Romanesque architecture found in Britain under the Normans 【建】诺曼风格(诺曼人在英国所建建筑的风格)；诺曼式建筑风格 5  any of the English kings from William I to Stephen 从威廉姆斯国王一世到斯蒂芬国王这一期间的任何一个英格兰国王 ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Normans (有关)诺曼人的 2  of or relating to the Norman style of architecture (有关)诺曼式建筑风格的 □ Normanesque  /-ˈnesk/ adj.  □ Normanism  n.  □ Normanize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Old French Normans, pl. of Normant, from Old Norse Northmathr (as NORTH, MAN)]

Norman Conquest  see 见 CONQUEST 

Norman English n.  English as spoken or influenced by the Normans 诺曼英语(诺曼人说的英语或受诺曼人影响的英语)

Norman French n.  French as spoken by the Normans or (after 1066) in English law courts 诺曼法语(诺曼人说的法语或 1066 年以后在英格兰法庭上使用的法语)

normative /ˈnɔ:mətiv/ adj.  of or establishing a norm (制定)标准的；(制定)规范的 □ normatively  adv.  □ normativeness  n.   [French normatif -ive from Latin norma (see NORM)]

Norn /ˈnɔ:n/ n.  any of three goddesses of destiny in Scandinavian mythology (斯堪的纳维亚神话中的)命运三女神之一 [Old Norse: origin unknown]

Norroy /ˈnɒrɔi/ n. (in full 全称 Norroy and Ulster) Heraldry (in the UK) the title given to the third King of Arms, with jurisdiction north of the Trent and (since 1943) in Northern Ireland (cf. 参见 CLARENCEUX, KING OF ARMS) 【纹章学】(英国)第三纹章官(对特仑特河以北地区及 1943 年之后的北爱尔兰有管辖权) [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French nord ‘north’, roi ‘king’]

Norse /nɔ:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the Norwegian language 挪威语b  the Scandinavian language group 斯堪的纳维亚语群 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  the Norwegians 挪威人b  the Vikings 斯堪的纳维亚人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Norway or the Norse language (有关)挪威(语)的 2  of or relating to ancient Scandinavia or its inhabitants (有关)古斯堪的纳维亚(居民)的 □ Norseman  n. (pl. -men)   [Dutch noor(d)sch from noord ‘north’]

north /nɔ:θ/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  a  the point of the horizon 90° anticlockwise from east 北(从东逆时针 90 度的方位)b  the compass point corresponding to this 北(罗经点)c  the direction in which this lies 北方 2 (usu. 通常作 the North)  a  the part of the world or a country or a town lying to the north esp. (尤) = NORTH COUNTRY or NORTHERN STATES 北部；北方b  the Arctic 北极c  the industrialized nations 发达国家 3 (作 North) Bridge  a player occupying the position designated ‘north’ 【桥牌】坐在北面位置的人 ●adj.  1  towards, at, near, or facing north 向北的；在北方的；接近北部的；朝北的 2  coming from the north 来自北方的  north wind  北风 ●adv.  1  towards, at, or near the north 向北方；在北方；接近北方 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  further north than 较靠北 □ north and south   lengthwise along a line from north to south 南北向□ north by east (or west)   between north and north-north-east (or north-north-west) 北偏东(或西)□ to the north  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  in a northerly direction 在…之北 [Old English from Germanic]

North America n.  北美洲

North American adj. & n. ●adj.  of North America 北美的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of North America, esp. a citizen of the US or Canada 北美洲人(居民) (尤指美国人和加拿大人)

Northants /nɔ:ˈθænts/ abbr.  Northamptonshire [缩略]北安普敦郡

northbound /ˈnɔ:θbaʊnd/ adj.  travelling or leading northwards 向北行的；向北的

North Country n. (also 亦作 north country)  the northern part of England (north of the Humber) (also (often hyphenated) 亦(常加连字符)作 attrib.: a north-country lad 英格兰北部的青年) 英格兰北部(亨伯之北)

north-countryman n. (pl. -men)  a native of the North Country 英格兰北部人

North-East n.  the part of a country or town lying to the north-east 东北部

north-east n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the point of the horizon midway between north and east 东北 2  the compass point corresponding to this 东北(罗经点) 3  the direction in which this lies 东北方向 ●adj.  of, towards, or coming from the north-east 东北的；向东北的；来自东北的 ●adv.  towards, at, or near the north-east 向东北的；在东北的；东北附近的 □ north-eastern  adj.  

northeaster /nɔ:θˈi:stə/ n.  a north-east wind 东北风

north-easterly adj. & adv.  = NORTH-EAST 

north-east passage n.  a passage for ships along the northern coast of Europe and Asia, formerly thought of as a possible route to the East 东北航道(沿欧亚北部海岸，旧时被认为可能通向东方的航道)

north-eastward adj. & adv. (also 亦作 north-eastwards)  towards the north-east 向东北

norther /ˈnɔ:θə/ n. US  a strong cold north wind blowing in autumn and winter over Texas, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico [美]强劲的北风(美国得克萨斯州、佛罗里达州或墨西哥湾秋冬刮的强烈北风)

northerly /ˈnɔ:ðəli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  in a northern position or direction 位于北方的(地)；在北方的(地) 2 (of wind) blowing from the north (风)吹自北方的(地) ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a wind blowing from the north 北风

northern /ˈnɔ:ð(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or in the north; inhabiting the north 北部的；在北部的；住在北方的 2  lying or directed towards the north 位于北方的；朝向北方的 □ northernmost  adj.   [Old English northerne (as NORTH, -ERN)]

northerner /ˈnɔ:ð(ə)nə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the north 北方人(或居民)

northern hemisphere n.  the half of the earth north of the equator 北半球

Northern Ireland /ˌnɔ:ðənˈaiələnd/ n.  北爱尔兰 [欧洲]

Northern Irish /ˌnɔ:ðənˈaiəriʃ/ adj. & n.  北爱尔兰的(人)

northern lights n. pl.  the aurora borealis 北极光

Northern States n. pl.  the states in the north of the US 美国北方诸州

North Germanic n. & adj. ●n.  the northern group of Germanic languages, comprising the Scandinavian languages 北日尔曼语群(包括斯堪的纳维亚语) ●adj.  of or relating to North Germanic (有关)北日尔曼的

northing /ˈnɔ:θiŋ/ n. Naut.  the distance travelled or measured northward 【海】向北航程；向北测量距离

North Island n.  北岛 [新西兰两主岛之一]

North Korea /kəˈriə/ n.  北韩，北朝鲜 [亚洲]

Northland /ˈnɔ:θlənd/ n. poet.  the northern lands; the northern part of a country [诗]北部地带；北国 [Old English (as NORTH, LAND)]

north light n.  good natural light without direct sun, esp. as desired by painters and in factory design 来自北面的自然光(尤指画家和工厂设计所需要的自然光)

Northman /ˈnɔ:θmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a native of Scandinavia, esp. of Norway 斯堪的纳维亚人(尤指挪威人) [Old English]

north-north-east n.  the point or direction midway between north and north-east 北东北(在北和东北之间的点或方向)

north-north-west n.  the point or direction midway between north and north-west 北西北(在北和西北之间的点或方向)

North Pole n.  1  the northernmost point of the earth's axis of rotation 北极 2  the point in the northern sky about which the stars appear to revolve 北天极

North Sea /ˈnɔ:θˈsi:/ n.  北海(大西洋的边缘海，在大不列颠岛和欧洲大陆之间)

north-south attrib. adj.  of or relating to countries of the north and south (关于)南北国家的  north-south divide  南北国家之分

North Star n.  the pole star 北极星

Northumb. abbr.  Northumberland [缩略] (英)诺森伯兰郡

Northumbrian /nɔ:ˈθʌmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Northumbria (England north of the Humber) or modern Northumberland (有关)古诺森布里亚(英格兰亨伯之北)的；现代诺森伯兰郡的 ●n.  1  a native of ancient Northumbria or modern Northumberland 古诺森布里亚人；现代诺森伯兰郡人 2  the dialect of ancient Northumbria or modern Northumberland 古诺森布里亚方言；现代诺森伯兰方言 [obsolete Northumber, ‘persons living beyond the Humber’, from Old English Northhymbre]

northward /ˈnɔ:θwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (also 亦作 northwards)  towards the north 向北的(地) ●n.  a northward direction or region 北方；北方地区

North-West n.  the part of a country or town lying to the north-west 西北部

north-west n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the point of the horizon midway between north and west 西北 2  the compass point corresponding to this 西北(罗经点) 3  the direction in which this lies 西北方向 ●adj.  of, towards, or coming from the north-west 西北的；向西北的；来自西北的 ●adv.  towards, at, or near the north-west 向西北；在西北；西北附近 □ north-western  adj.  

northwester /nɔ:θˈwestə/ n.  a north-west wind 西北风

north-westerly adj. & adv.  = NORTH-WEST 

north-west passage n.  a passage for ships along the northern coast of America, formerly thought of as a possible route from the Atlantic to the Pacific 西北航道(沿美洲北部海岸，旧时被认为是从大西洋到太平洋的航道)

north-westward adj. & adv. (also 亦作 north-westwards)  towards the north-west 向西北的(地)

Norway   挪威

Norway lobster /ˈnɔ:wei/ n.  a small European lobster, Nephrops norvegicus 挪威海螯虾 [Norway in N. Europe]

Norway rat /ˈnɔ:wei/ n.  the common brown rat, Rattus norvegicus 褐家鼠

Norwegian /nɔ:ˈwi:dʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Norway 挪威人(或国民)b  a person of Norwegian descent 挪威人的后裔 2  the language of Norway 挪威语 ●adj.  of or relating to Norway or its people or language (有关)挪威(人)的；(有关)挪威语的 [medieval Latin Norvegia from Old Norse Norvegr (as NORTH, WAY), assimilated to Norway]

nor'wester /nɔ:ˈwestə/ n.  1  a northwester 西北大风 2  a glass of strong liquor 一杯烈酒 3  an oilskin hat, a sou'wester (海员用的)防水帽 [contraction]

Nos. abbr.  numbers [缩略]数字 [cf. 参见 NO.]

no-score draw n.  a draw in football in which no goals are scored 没有进球的平局

nose /nəʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an organ above the mouth on the face or head of a human or animal, containing nostrils and used for smelling and breathing 鼻子 2  a  the sense of smell 嗅觉  dogs have a good nose  狗的嗅觉很灵b  the ability to detect a particular thing 觉察力  a nose for scandal  善于打听丑闻 3  the odour or perfume of wine, tea, tobacco, hay, etc. (酒、茶、烟、干草等的)气味(香味) 4  the open end or nozzle of a tube, pipe, pair of bellows, retort, etc. (隧道、管道、风箱或曲颈瓶等)开口一端(或管口) 5  a  the front end or projecting part of a thing, e.g. of a car or aircraft (如汽车或飞机的)头部；前端突出部分b  = NOSING  6 slang  an informer of the police [俚语]向警察告密的人；警察暗探 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  perceive the smell of, discover by smell 嗅；闻出b  detect 探出；察觉 2 tr.  thrust or rub one's nose against or into, esp. in order to smell (用鼻子)拱(或探入) (尤指为了嗅) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, around, etc.)  pry or search 窥探；探查 4  a intr.  make one's way cautiously forward 小心翼翼地行b tr.  make (one's or its way) 小心翼翼地行(路) □ as plain as the nose on your face   easily seen 一目了然；显而易见□ by a nose   by a very narrow margin 以少许之差  won the race by a nose  赛跑时以一鼻之差胜出□ count noses   count those present, one's supporters, etc.; decide a question by mere numbers 点人数(如出席者、同意者等)；凭人数表决来解决问题□ cut off one's nose to spite one's face   disadvantage oneself in the course of trying to disadvantage another 想害他人反害自己；害人反害己□ get up a person's nose  slang  annoy a person [俚语]使某人恼怒□ keep one's nose clean  slang  stay out of trouble, behave properly [俚语]洁身自好；不卷入是非□ keep one's nose to the grindstone   see 见 GRINDSTONE □ on the nose   1 N. Amer. slang  precisely [北美] [俚语]精确地 2 Austral. slang  annoying [澳] [俚语]讨厌的□ put a person's nose out of joint  colloq.  embarrass, disconcert, frustrate, or supplant a person [口]使某人尴尬(窘迫不安、受挫)；取代某人□ rub a person's nose in it   see 见 RUB1 □ see no further than one's nose   be short-sighted, esp. in foreseeing the consequences of one's actions etc. (尤指在预见行动等的后果方面)鼠目寸光□ speak through one's nose   pronounce words with a nasal twang 鼻音浓重地说□ turn up one's nose  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at) colloq.  show [口]不把…放在眼里；蔑视□ under a person's nose  colloq.  right before a person (esp. of defiant or unnoticed actions) [口]就在某人眼皮底下；当着某人的面(尤指目中无人的或没注意到的行动)□ with one's nose in the air   haughtily 傲慢的(骄傲的)；鼻子朝天的；目中无人的□ nosed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ noseless  adj.   [Old English nosu]

nosebag /ˈnəʊzbæɡ/ n.  a bag containing fodder, hung on a horse's head (挂在马脖子上的)饲料袋

noseband /ˈnəʊzbænd/ n.  the lower band of a bridle, passing over the horse's nose 鼻羁

nosebleed /ˈnəʊzbli:d/ n.  an instance of bleeding from the nose 鼻出血

nose-cone n.  the cone-shaped nose of a rocket etc. (火箭等的)头锥

nosedive /ˈnəʊzdaiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a steep downward plunge by an aeroplane (飞机)俯冲 2  a sudden plunge or drop 猛跌；爆落 ●v. intr.  make a nosedive 俯冲；猛跌；爆落

no-see-em /nəʊˈsi:əm/ n. (also 亦作 no-see-um) N. Amer.  a small bloodsucking insect, esp. a biting midge [北美]一种小的吸血昆虫(尤指蠓)

nose flute n.  a musical instrument blown with the nose in Fiji etc. 鼻笛(在斐济等地用鼻孔吹的乐器)

nosegay /ˈnəʊzɡei/ n.  a bunch of flowers, esp. a sweet-scented posy 一束花(尤指有香味的小束花) [NOSE + GAY in obsolete sense ‘ornament’]

nose leaf n.  a fleshy part on the nostrils of some bats, used for echolocation 鼻叶(有些蝙蝠鼻孔的肉质部分，用于回声定位)

nose-piece n.  1  = NOSEBAND  2  the part of a helmet etc. protecting the nose (头盔等上的)护鼻 3  the part of a microscope to which the objective lenses are attached (显微镜对物镜处的)换镜旋座

nosepipe /ˈnəʊzpaip/ n.  a piece of piping used as a nozzle 管嘴；喷嘴

nose-rag n. slang  a pocket handkerchief [俚语]手帕

nosering /ˈnəʊzriŋ/ n.  a ring fixed in the nose of an animal (esp. a bull) for leading it, or of a person for ornament (固定在动物，尤指公牛鼻子上用以牵领动物的)鼻圈；(人用以装饰的)鼻环

nose tackle n. Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  1  the defensive player who lines up in the centre of the linemen in formation 鼻卫；中卫 2  this field position 中卫的位置

nose-to-tail adj. & adv. Brit. (of vehicles) moving or stationary one close behind another, esp. in heavy traffic [英] (车辆)首尾相连的(地) (尤指在交通繁忙的时候，车辆一辆紧接一辆地移动或停止在固定位置)

nose wheel n.  a landing wheel under the nose of an aircraft (飞机机头的)起落架前轮

nosey var.  of NOSY  NOSY 的变体

nosh /nɒʃ/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. tr. & intr.  1  eat or drink 吃；喝 2 N. Amer.  eat between meals [北美] (在两顿饭之间)小吃 ●n.  1  food or drink 食物(或饮料) 2 N. Amer.  a snack [北美]小吃；快餐 [Yiddish]

noshery /ˈnɒʃəri/ n. (pl. -ies) slang  a restaurant or snack bar [俚语]餐馆；小吃店

no-show n.  a person who has reserved a seat etc. but neither uses it nor cancels the reservation (预定了座位等)不出席也不取消预定的人

nosh-up n. Brit.  a large meal [英]丰盛的大餐

no side n. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  1  the end of a game 比赛结束 2  the referee's announcement of this 裁判员宣布比赛结束

nosing /ˈnəʊziŋ/ n.  a rounded edge of a step, moulding, etc., or a metal shield for it (楼梯台阶、模制件等的)圆形边缘；金属护沿

nosography /nɒˈsɒɡrəfi/ n.  the systematic description of diseases 病情学 [Greek nosos ‘disease’ + -GRAPHY]

nosology /nɒˈsɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of diseases 疾病分类学 □ nosological  /nɒsəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek nosos ‘disease’ + -LOGY]

nostalgia /nɒˈstældʒə, -dʒiə/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  sentimental yearning for a period of the past; regretful or wistful memory of an earlier time 恋旧；怀旧 2  a thing or things which evoke a former era 唤起(对从前时代的)怀念的东西 3  severe homesickness 思乡病 □ nostalgic  adj.  □ nostalgically  adv.   [modern Latin, from Greek nostos ‘return home’]

nostoc /ˈnɒstɒk/ n.  any gelatinous blue-green unicellular alga of the genus Nostoc, that can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere 念珠藻属植物(任何一种凝胶状蓝绿色的单细胞藻类，能把大气中的氮凝固) [name invented by Paracelsus]

Nostradamus /nɒstrəˈdɑ:məs, -ˈdei-/ n.  a person who claims to foretell future events 诺斯特拉达穆斯(一位声称能预言未来事件的人) [Latinized form of the name of M. de Nostredame, French astrologer and physician d. 1566]

nostril /ˈnɒstr(ə)l/ n.  either of two external openings of the nasal cavity in vertebrates that admit air to the lungs and smells to the olfactory nerves 鼻孔 □ nostrilled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English nosthyrl, nosterl from nosu NOSE + thyˉr(e)l ‘hole’: cf. THRILL]

nostrum /ˈnɒstrəm/ n.  1  a quack remedy, a patent medicine, esp. one prepared by the person recommending it 江湖郎中的药；有专利权的药品(尤指由推荐人配制的药) 2  a pet scheme, esp. for political or social reform (尤指为政治和社会改革而)特别受青睐的方案；妙策 [Latin, neut. of noster ‘our’, used in sense ‘of our own make’]

nosy /ˈnəʊzi/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 nosey) ●adj. (nosier, nosiest)  1 colloq.  inquisitive, prying [口]好问的；刨根问底的；爱管闲事的 2  having a large nose 大鼻子的 3  having a distinctive (good or bad) smell 有特别好(或坏)味道的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person with a large nose 大鼻子的人 □ nosily  adv.  □ nosiness  n.  

Nosy Parker n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a busybody [尤英口]爱管闲事的人；好打听事的人

not /nɒt/ adv. expressing negation, esp. 表示否定，尤指 :  1 (also 亦作 n't joined to a preceding verb 与前面的动词相结合)  following an auxiliary verb or be or (in a question) the subject of such a verb 位于助动词、 be 或者(疑问句中)动词的主语之后  I cannot say  我不能说 she isn't there  她不在那里 didn't you tell me?  你不告诉我吗？ am I not right?  我不对吗？ aren't we smart?  我们不聪明吗？ 2  used elliptically for a negative sentence or verb or phrase 用来省略否定的句子、动词或短语  Is she coming? - I hope not  她来吗？——我希望不来 Do you want it? - Certainly not!  你想要吗？——当然不要！ 3  used to express the negative of other words 用于表达对其他词语的否定  not a single one was left  没有剩下一个 Are they pleased? - Not they  他们高兴吗？——他们不高兴 he is not my cousin, but my nephew  他不是我堂弟，而是我侄子 4 colloq.  following and emphatically negating an affirmative statement [口]用在肯定陈述后，加强否定该肯定陈述的语气  great party... not!  晚会好极了…一点儿也不好！ □ not at all  (in polite reply to thanks) there is no need for thanks (对于致谢的一种礼貌回答)不用谢□ not but what  archaic [古义]  1  all the same; nevertheless 仍然；尽管；然而  I cannot do it; not but what a stronger man might  我不能做；尽管强壮点儿的人或许能做 2  not such ... or so ... that ... not 不是…而不至于不  not such a fool but what he can see it  他不是傻瓜，这点他不至于看不出来□ not half   see 见 HALF □ not least   with considerable importance, notably 相当重要的，尤其，特别□ not much   see 见 MUCH □ not quite   1  almost 几乎，差不多  am not quite there  快到那里了 2  noticeably not 显然不  not quite proper  显然不合适□ not in the slightest   not at all 一点也不□ not a thing   nothing at all 根本什么也没有□ not that  (foll. by 后跟 clause)  it is not to be inferred that 并非…  if he said so - not that he ever did - he lied  他要是那样说——并不是说他那样说过——他便撒谎了□ not very   see 见 VERY  [Middle English contraction of NOUGHT]■Usage 用法说明 The use of not with verbs other than auxiliaries or be is now archaic (e.g. I know not; fear not), except with participles and infinitives (e.g. not realizing her mistake; I cannot say; We asked them not to come). not 与动词而不是与助动词或 be 连用，是古老的用法(如 I know not (我不知道);fear not (不怕)) ；但与分词和不定式连用除外(如 not realizing her mistake (没有意识到她的错误)； I cannot say (我不能说)； We ask them not to come (我们要他们不要来)) 。 

nota bene /nəʊtə ˈbenei/ v. tr. (as 作 imper.)  observe what follows, take notice (usu. drawing attention to a following qualification of what has preceded) 注意；留心(下面的事项) [Latin, = note well]

notability /nəʊtəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being notable 显著；值得注意  names of no historical notability  历史上非知名人士的名字 2  a prominent person 显著的人；名人 [Middle English from Old French notabilité or Late Latin notabilitas (as NOTABLE)]

notable /ˈnəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  worthy of note; striking, remarkable, eminent 值得注意的；显著的；卓越的；杰出的 ●n.  an eminent person 杰出人物；名人 □ notably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin notabilis (as NOTE)]

notarize /ˈnəʊtəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) N. Amer.  certify (a document) as a notary [北美]对(文件)做公证

notary /ˈnəʊt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 notary public, pl. notaries public)  a person authorized to perform certain legal formalities, esp. to draw up or certify contracts, deeds, etc. (尤指起草或证明合同或契约的)公证人，公证员 □ notarial  /nəʊˈtɛəriəl/ adj.  □ notarially  /nəʊˈtɛəriəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin notarius ‘secretary’ (as NOTE)]

notate /nəʊˈteit/ v. tr.  write in notation 以符号表示法记载 [back-formation from NOTATION]

notation /nəʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the representation of numbers, quantities, pitch and duration etc. of musical notes, etc. by symbols 标志法(通过符号表示音符等的音调、音量、音高、音长等)b  any set of such symbols 系统成套的标志 2  a set of symbols used to represent chess moves, dance steps, etc. 运棋符号(舞步符号等) 3 US [美]  a  a note or annotation 注释；批注b  a record 记录 4  = scale of notation (see 见 SCALE3 n. 5)  □ notational  adj.   [French notation or Latin notatio (as NOTE)]

notch /nɒtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a V-shaped indentation on an edge or surface (在边缘和表面的)V 字型凹口，槽口 2  a nick made on a stick etc. in order to keep count 刻痕(为计数而刻于木棒等上的痕迹) 3 colloq.  a step or degree [口]等；级  move up a notch  升级 4 N. Amer.  a deep narrow mountain pass [北美]峡谷 ●v. tr.  1  make notches in 在…上开槽口 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  record or score with or as with notches (以刻痕)记录 3  secure or insert by notches 以刻痕固定；由刻痕插入 □ notched  adj.  □ notcher  n.  □ notchy  adj. (notchier, notchiest)   [Anglo-French noche perhaps from a verb related to anoccer ‘add a notch to’, of uncertain origin]

note /nəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a brief record of facts, topics, thoughts, etc., as an aid to memory, for use in writing, public speaking, etc. (事实、话题、思想等的)记录；笔记；随笔(用于写作、发言等) often in pl. 常用复数 : make notes  做笔记 spoke without notes  脱稿发言 2  an observation, usu. unwritten, of experiences etc. (对经历等通常非书面的)观察  compare notes  交换意见 3  a short or informal letter 短笺；便条 4  a formal diplomatic or parliamentary communication (外交或国会)照会 5  a short annotation or additional explanation in a book etc.; a footnote (书等的)批注；按语；脚注 6  a Brit. [英]  = BANKNOTE a five-pound note  5 英镑的纸币 b  a written promise or notice of payment of various kinds 票据；期票 7  a  notice, attention 注意；留意  worthy of note  值得注意的b  distinction, eminence 显要；显赫  a person of note  有名望的人 8  a  a written sign representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound (代表音高和音符长短的书写)符号；标记；记号b  a single tone of definite pitch made by a musical instrument, the human voice, etc. (乐器、人的嗓音等发出的)乐音c  a key of a piano etc. (钢琴等的)音键 9  a  a bird's song or call (鸟的)鸣叫声b  a single tone in this (鸟叫的)单一音调 10  a quality or tone of speaking, expressing mood or attitude etc.; a hint or suggestion (表达心情或态度的)语调(口气)；暗示；建议  sound a note of warning  像是警告的口气 ended on a note of optimism  以乐观的语调结束 11  a characteristic; a distinguishing feature 特征；特点 ●v. tr.  1  observe, notice; give or draw attention to 观察；注意；留意 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  record as a thing to be remembered or observed 记录，记下 3 (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be famous or well known (for a quality, activity, etc.) (质量、活动等)闻名；著名  were noted for their generosity  以他们的慷慨而闻名 □ hit (or strike) the right note   speak or act in exactly the right manner 话说在点子上；办事恰到好处□ of note   important, distinguished 重要的；著名的  a person of note  知名人士□ take note  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  observe; pay attention (to) 观察；注意□ noted  adj. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)  □ noteless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French note (n.), noter (v.) from Latin nota ‘mark’]

notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n.  1  a small book for making or taking notes 笔记本 2  a portable computer smaller than a laptop 笔记本电脑

notecase /ˈnəʊtkeis/ n. Brit.  a wallet for holding banknotes [英]皮夹子；钱夹

notelet /ˈnəʊtlit/ n.  a small folded sheet of paper, usu. with a decorative design, for an informal letter 便信；折柬

notepad /ˈnəʊtpæd/ n.  a pad of paper for writing notes on 笔记本；记事手册

notepaper /ˈnəʊtpeipə/ n.  paper for writing letters 信纸；便条纸

noteworthy /ˈnəʊtwɜ:ði/ adj.  worthy of attention; remarkable 值得注意的；显著的 □ noteworthiness  n.  

nothing /ˈnʌθiŋ/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  not anything 没有事情  nothing has been done  没做什么 have nothing to do  没什么可做的 2  no thing 没有东西 often foll. by 常后跟 compl.: I see nothing that I want  我没看到我所要的东西 can find nothing useful  找不到有用的东西 3  a  a person or thing of no importance or concern; a trivial event or remark 不重要(不放在心上、无关)的人(东西)；微不足道的事(评论)  was nothing to me  对我不重要 the little nothings of life  人生的琐事b attrib. colloq.  of no value; indeterminate [口]无价值的；不明确的；含混的  a nothing sort of day  平淡的一天 4  non-existence; what does not exist 不存在(的东西) 5 (in calculations) no amount; nought (计算)无；零  a third of nothing is nothing  三分之零是零 ●adv.  1  not at all, in no way 一点也不；决不  helps us nothing  一点也没帮我们 is nothing like enough  完全不够 2 US colloq.  not at all [美口]一点也不，根本不  Is he ill? - Ill nothing, he's dead.  他病了吗？根本不是病了，他死了。 □ be nothing to   1  not concern 不放在心上；与…无关 2  not compare with 不能与…相比较□ be (or have) nothing to do with   1  have no connection with 与…无关 2  not be involved or associated with 不涉及；不来往□ for nothing   1  at no cost; without payment 不花钱地；不要钱地 2  to no purpose 无目的□ have nothing on   1  be naked 裸体；一丝不挂 2  have no engagements 没有约会□ no nothing  colloq. (concluding a list of negatives) nothing at all [口] (总括一连串的否定)什么也没有□ nothing doing  colloq. [口]  1  a  there is no prospect of success or agreement 毫无成功希望；无达成一致的希望b  I refuse 拒绝；不行 2  nothing (is) happening 什么也没发生□ nothing (or nothing else) for it  (often foll. by 常后跟 but to + infin.) Brit.  no alternative [英]没有别的办法  nothing for it but to pay up  没有别的办法，只有全部付清□ nothing less than   at least 不少于；至少  nothing less than a disaster  简直就是场灾难□ nothing loath   quite willing 非常乐意的□ nothing (or not much) to it (or Brit. [英] in it)   1  untrue or unimportant 不真实的；不重要的 2  simple to do 不费力气的；容易做的 3  no (or little) advantage to be seen in one possibility over another 不相上下；不分高低□ think nothing of it   do not apologize or feel bound to show gratitude 不必介意；不用谢 [Old English nɑˉn thing (as NO1, THING)]

nothingness /ˈnʌθiŋnis/ n.  1  non-existence; the non-existent 不存在；虚无 2  worthlessness, triviality, insignificance 无价值；微不足道；不重要

notice /ˈnəʊtis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  attention, observation 注意；观察  it escaped my notice  我忽略了它 2  a displayed sheet etc. bearing an announcement or other information 布告；启事 3  a  an intimation or warning, esp. a formal one to allow preparations to be made (尤指正式的)通知；警告(以便准备)  give notice  通知 at a moment's notice  提前一会儿通知b (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a formal announcement or declaration of intention to end an agreement or leave employment at a specified time (正式)宣告(结束协议的意向)；(预先)声明(辞职)  hand in one's notice  递交通知 notice to quit  离职通知 4  a short published review or comment about a new play, book, etc. (对新的剧目、书等)简短的评论(介绍) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that, how, etc. + clause)  perceive, observe; take notice of 认识到；注意到；觉察到 2  remark upon; speak of 评论；提及 □ at short (or a moment's) notice   with little warning (提前很短时间或一会儿)通知□ take notice (or no notice)   show signs (or no signs) of interest (不)关注□ take notice of   1  observe; pay attention to 观察到；注意到 2  act upon 依据…而行事□ under notice   served with a formal notice 已被通知 [Middle English via Old French from Latin notitia ‘being known’, from notus, past part. of noscere ‘know’]

noticeable /ˈnəʊtisəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  easily seen or noticed; perceptible 显而易见的；能感觉到的 2  noteworthy 显著的；值得注意的 □ noticeably  adv.  

noticeboard /ˈnəʊtisbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a board for displaying notices [英]布告板

notifiable /ˈnəʊtifaiəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a disease, crop pest, etc.) that must be notified to the appropriate authorities (疾病、庄稼害虫等)须报告(给相关的权威机构)的

notify /ˈnəʊtifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  inform or give notice to (a person) 通知；告知(某人) 2  make known; announce or report (a thing) 公布；申报；报告(某事) □ notification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French notifier from Latin notificare, from notus ‘known’: see NOTICE]

no time  see 见 TIME 

notion /ˈnəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a concept or idea; a conception 概念；想法；观念  it was an absurd notion  这是一个荒谬的观念b  an opinion 见解；看法  has the notion that people are honest  持有人们都是诚实的这种看法c  a vague view or understanding 模糊的见解(理解)  have no notion what you mean  不清楚你什么意思 2  an inclination, impulse, or intention 意向(念头或意图)  has no notion of conforming  没有一致的意思 3 (in pl. 用复数)  small, useful articles, esp. haberdashery 精巧小物品(尤指佩带的饰物) [Latin notio ‘idea’ from notus, past part. of noscere ‘know’]

notional /ˈnəʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  hypothetical, imaginary 假想的；想像的b (of knowledge etc.) speculative; not based on experiment etc. (知识等)猜测的；不根据试验等的 2 Gram. (of a verb) conveying its own meaning, not auxiliary 【语法】(动词)实意的；表义的；非助动词的 □ notionally  adv.   [obsolete French notional or medieval Latin notionalis (as NOTION)]

notochord /ˈnəʊtəkɔ:d/ n.  a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryo and some adult chordate animals (所有胚胎及一些脊索动物的)脊索 [Greek nōton ‘back’ + CHORD2]

notorious /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔ:riəs/ adj.  well known, esp. unfavourably 著名的；众所周知的(尤指坏名声)  a notorious criminal  臭名昭著的罪犯 notorious for its climate  以恶劣的气候而闻名 □ notoriety  /-təˈraiəti/ n.  □ notoriously  adv.   [medieval Latin notorius from Latin notus (as NOTION)]

notornis /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔ:nis/ n.  a rare flightless New Zealand bird, Porphyrio mantelli, with a large bill and brightly coloured plumage. Also called 亦称作 takahe 短翅水鸡(产于新西兰，不会飞行，喙大、羽毛鲜艳) [Greek notos ‘south’ + ornis ‘bird’]

no-trumper n. Bridge  a hand on which a no-trump bid can suitably be, or has been, made 【桥牌】可叫无将的一手牌

no trumps n. (also 亦作 no trump) Bridge  a declaration or bid involving playing without a trump suit 【桥牌】叫无将牌；打无将牌

Notts. /nɒts/ abbr.  Nottinghamshire [缩略]诺丁汉郡

notwithstanding /nɒtwiðˈstændiŋ, -wiθ-/ prep., adv. & conj. ●prep.  in spite of; without prevention by 虽然；尽管  notwithstanding your objections  尽管你反对 this fact notwithstanding  尽管事实如此 ●adv.  nevertheless; all the same 尽管如此；仍然 ●conj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  although 虽然 [Middle English, from NOT + WITHSTAND + -ING2]

Nouakchott /nwɑ:kˈʃɒt/ n.  努瓦克肖特 [毛里塔尼亚首都]

nougat /ˈnu:ɡɑ:, ˈnʌɡət/ n.  a sweet made from sugar or honey, nuts, and egg white 牛轧糖 [French from Provençal nogat, from noga ‘nut’]

nought /nɔ:t/ n.  1  the digit 0; a cipher (数字)零；无 2 poet. or archaic (in certain phrases) nothing (cf. 参见 NAUGHT) [诗] [古义] (在某些短语中)什么也没有 [Old English nōwiht, from ne ‘not’ + ōwiht variant of ɑˉwiht AUGHT1]

noughts and crosses n. pl. esp. Brit.  a game in which players seek to complete a row of three noughts or three crosses drawn alternately in the spaces of a grid of nine squares [尤英]画圈打叉游戏(两个人轮流在方格图的 9 个小方格内画圈或打叉，以先把所画的圈或打的叉列成 3 个一顺者为胜)

noun /naʊn/ n. Gram.  a word (other than a pronoun) or group of words used to name or identify any of a class of persons, places, or things (common noun 普通名词), or a particular one of these (proper noun 专有名词) 【语法】名词 □ nounal  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French from Latin nomen ‘name’]

nourish /ˈnʌriʃ/ v. tr.  1  a  sustain with food (以食物)养育b  enrich; promote the development of (the soil etc.) 滋养；给(土地等)施肥c  provide with intellectual or emotional sustenance or enrichment 培育；供给；支持；助长 2  foster or cherish (a feeling etc.) 培养；怀有(感情等) □ nourisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French norir from Latin nutrire]

nourishing /ˈnʌriʃiŋ/ adj. (esp. of food) containing much nourishment; sustaining (尤指食物)有营养的；滋养的 □ nourishingly  adv.  

nourishment /ˈnʌriʃm(ə)nt/ n.  sustenance, food 营养品；食物

nous /naʊs/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  common sense; gumption [英口]常识；机智 2 Philos.  the mind or intellect 【哲】奴斯(希腊哲学中指心灵和理性) [Greek]

nouveau riche /nu:vəʊ ˈri:ʃ/ n. (pl. nouveaux riches pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a person who has recently acquired (usu. ostentatious) wealth 新近获得(通常较大一笔)财富的人；暴发户 [French, = new rich]

nouvelle cuisine /ˌnu:vel kwiˈzi:n/ n.  a modern style of cookery avoiding heaviness and emphasizing presentation 现代烹调术(轻厚味，重外观) [French, = new cookery]

nouvelle vague /ˌnu:vel ˈvɑ:ɡ, 法 nuvɛl vaɡ/ n.  a new trend, esp. in French film-making of the early 1960s 新浪潮派(尤指 20 世纪 60 年代在法国的电影制作中的新趋势) [French, fem. of nouveau ‘new’ + vague ‘wave’]

Nov. abbr. [缩略]  November 

nova /ˈnəʊvə/ n. (pl. novae /-vi:/ or novas)  a star showing a sudden large increase of brightness and then subsiding 新星(突然发出强光、然后消失的星星) [Latin, fem. of novus ‘new’, because originally thought to be a new star]

novel1 /ˈnɒv(ə)l/ n.  1  a fictitious prose story of book length 小说 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  this type of literature 小说体 [Italian novella (storia ‘story’), fem. of novello ‘new’, from Latin novellus from novus ‘new’]

novel2 /ˈnɒv(ə)l/ adj.  of a new kind or nature; strange; previously unknown 新奇的；新颖的；奇怪的；以前不知的 □ novelly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin novellus, from novus ‘new’]

novelese /nɒvəˈli:z/ n. derog.  a style characteristic of inferior novels [贬]拙劣小说体

novelette /nɒvəˈlet/ n.  1  a  a short novel 短篇小说b esp. Brit. derog.  a light romantic novel [尤英贬]柔情小说 2 Mus.  a piano piece in free form with several themes 【音】(含几个主题、形式自由的)新事曲

novelettish /nɒvəˈletiʃ/ adj. derog.  in the style of a light romantic novel; sentimental [贬]柔情小说的；伤感的

novelist /ˈnɒv(ə)list/ n.  a writer of novels 小说家 □ novelistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

novelize /ˈnɒv(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make into a novel 使成小说；使小说化 □ novelization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

novella /nə(ʊ)ˈvelə/ n. (pl. novellas)  a short novel or narrative story; a tale 小说；(散文)故事 [Italian: see NOVEL1]

novelty /ˈnɒv(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  newness; new character 新奇；新颖b  originality 独创性 2  a new or unusual thing or occurrence 新奇的东西(或事物) 3  a small toy or decoration etc. of novel design 新颖小巧的玩具(或饰物等) 4 (作 attrib.)  having novelty 具新颖性，新奇性  novelty toys  新颖的玩具 [Middle English from Old French novelté (as NOVEL2)]

November /nə(ʊ)ˈvembə/ n.  the eleventh month of the year 11 月 [originally the ninth month of the Roman year: Middle English via Old French novembre from Latin November, from novem ‘nine’]

novena /nə(ʊ)ˈvi:nə/ n. RC Ch.  a devotion consisting of special prayers or services on nine successive days 【天主教】(连续 9 天的)祷告；祈祷式 [medieval Latin from Latin novem ‘nine’]

novice /ˈnɒvis/ n.  1  a  a probationary member of a religious order, before the taking of vows 见习修士(女)b  a new convert 新信徒 2  a beginner; an inexperienced person 新手；生手；初学者 3  a horse, dog, etc. that has not won a major prize in a competition (在重大比赛中)从未获得名次的马(或狗等) also 亦作 attrib.: novice hurdle  赛马用的跨栏 [Middle English via Old French from Latin novicius, from novus ‘new’]

noviciate /nə(ʊ)ˈviʃiət, -ieit/ n. (also 亦作 novitiate)  1  the period of being a novice 修士(女)的见习期 2  a religious novice 见习修士(女) 3  novices' quarters 见习期 [French noviciat or medieval Latin noviciatus (as NOVICE)]

Novocaine /ˈnəʊvəkein/ n. (also 亦作 novocaine)  a local anaesthetic derived from benzoic acid 奴佛卡因，盐酸普鲁卡因(局部麻醉剂) [Latin novus ‘new’ + COCAINE]

no-vote n.  a vote in opposition to a proposal etc. (对提议等的)否决票

now /naʊ/ adv., conj. & n. ●adv.  1  at the present or mentioned time 现在；如今 2  immediately 立即；马上  I must go now  我必须马上走 3  by this or that time 到现在；到那时  it was now clear  此刻已经很清楚了 4  under the present circumstances 在这种情况下；这样  I cannot now agree  这样一来，我不能同意 5  on this further occasion 这以后  what do you want now?  你现在还想要什么？ 6  in the immediate past 刚才  just now  刚才 7 (esp. in a narrative or discourse) then, next (尤在叙述或演讲中)然后；下一步  the police now arrived  这时候警察来了 now to consider the next point  现在开始考虑下一个要点 8 (without reference to time, giving various tones to a sentence) surely, I insist, I wonder, etc. (与时间无关，而是表示句子的不同语气)的确(我坚持、我想知道等)  now what do you mean by that?  嗳，你这是什么意思？ oh come now!  哦，行了！ ●conj. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  as a consequence of the fact 既然；由于  now that I am older  既然我已经老了 now you mention it  由于你提起此事 ●n.  this time; the present 现在；此刻  should be there by now  此刻应该到那里了 has happened before now  在这以前发生过 □ as of now   from or at this time 此刻；眼下□ for now   until a later time 眼下；暂时  goodbye for now  后会有期□ now and again (or then)   from time to time; intermittently 时而；不时□ now or never   an expression of urgency 机不可失；莫失良机 [Old English nū]

nowadays /ˈnaʊədeiz/ adv. & n. ●adv.  at the present time or age; in these times 现今；现代；当今 ●n.  the present time 现在

noway /ˈnəʊwei/ adv.  = NOWISE(cf. 参见 no way (NO1)) 

Nowel (also 亦作 Nowell) archaic var.  of NOEL [古义] NOEL 的变体

nowhere /ˈnəʊwɛə/ adv. & pron. ●adv.  in or to no place 到处都没有 ●pron.  no place 无处 □ be (or come in) nowhere   be unplaced in a race or competition (比赛、竞赛中)没有名次□ come from nowhere   be suddenly evident or successful 突然脱颖而出(成功)□ get nowhere   make or cause to make no progress 使没有进展□ in the middle of nowhere  colloq.  remote from urban life [口]远离都市的□ nowhere near   not nearly 远非；远远不；完全不 [Old English nɑˉhwœr (as NO1, WHERE)]

no-win attrib. adj.  of or designating a situation in which success is impossible (表明)不能取胜的(情况)

nowise /ˈnəʊwaiz/ adv.  in no manner; not at all 毫不；决不

nowt /naʊt/ n. colloq. or dial.  nothing [口] [方]没有 [variant of NOUGHT]

noxious /ˈnɒkʃəs/ adj.  harmful, unwholesome 有害的；不卫生的；有毒的 □ noxiously  adv.  □ noxiousness  n.   [Latin noxius from noxa ‘harm’]

noyau /nwɑ:ˈjəʊ/ n. (pl. noyaux /-jəʊz/)  a liqueur of brandy flavoured with fruit-kernels 果仁(味)白兰地酒 [French, = kernel, ultimately from Latin nux nucis ‘nut’]

nozzle /ˈnɒz(ə)l/ n.  a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues (软管等的)管口；喷嘴 [NOSE + -LE2]

NP abbr.  Notary Public [缩略]公证人

Np symb. Chem.  the element neptunium [符]【化】(化学元素)镎

n.p. abbr. [缩略]  1  new paragraph 新段落 2  no place of publication 出版地点不详

NPA abbr. (in the UK) Newspaper Publishers' Association [缩略] (英国)报纸出版商协会

NPL abbr. (in the UK) National Physical Laboratory [缩略] (英国)国家物理试验所

NPV abbr.  net present value [缩略]净现值

nr. abbr. [缩略]  near 

NRA abbr. (in the UK) National Rivers Authority [缩略] (英国)国家河流管理局

NS abbr. [缩略]  1  new style 新款；新风格 2  new series 新系列；新辑 3  Nova Scotia 新斯科舍省(加拿大)

ns abbr. [缩略]  nanosecond 

NSA abbr. (in the US) National Security Agency [缩略] (美国)国家安全局

NSB abbr. (in the UK) National Savings Bank [缩略] (英国)国家储蓄银行

NSC abbr. (in the US) National Security Council [缩略] (美国)国家安全委员会

NSF abbr. (in the US) National Science Foundation [缩略] (美国)国家科学基金会

NSPCC abbr. (in the UK) National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children [缩略] (英国)全国防止虐待儿童协会

NSU abbr. Med.  non-specific urethritis [缩略]【医】一种原因不定的尿道炎

NSW abbr.  New South Wales [缩略]新南威尔士(澳大利亚)

NT abbr. [缩略]  1  New Testament  2  Northern Territory (of Australia) (澳大利亚)澳北区 3  National Trust 国家托管组织 4  no trumps 无将牌

n't /(ə)nt/ adv. (in comb. 用于复合词)  = NOT 1 usu. with is, are, have, must, and the auxiliary verbs can, do, should, would 通常与 is, are, have, must 和助动词 can, do, should, would 连用 : isn't  mustn't  (see also 另见 CAN'T, DON'T, WON'T)  [contraction]

Nth. abbr. [缩略]  North 

nth  see 见 N2 

NTP abbr.  normal temperature and pressure [缩略]标准温度和压力

nu /nju:/ n.  the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (N, ν) 希腊文字母表中的第 13 个字母 (N, ν) [Greek]

nuance /ˈnju:ɑ:ns/ n. & v. ●n.  a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, feeling, colour, etc. (意思、感情、色彩等方面的)细微差别 ●v. tr.  give a nuance or nuances to 给出…的细微差别；对…细微地描绘 [French from nuer ‘to shade’, ultimately from Latin nubes ‘cloud’]

nub /nʌb/ n.  1  the point or gist (of a matter or story) (事情或故事的)要点；核心 2  a small lump, esp. of coal (尤指煤的)小块 3  a stub; a small residue 残端；残根 □ nubby  adj.   [apparently a variant of knub, from Middle Low German knubbe, knobbe KNOB]

nubble /ˈnʌb(ə)l/ n.  a small knob or lump 结；块 □ nubbly  adj.   [diminutive of NUB]

nubile /ˈnju:bail/ adj. (of a woman) marriageable or sexually attractive (女人)适合结婚的；性感的 □ nubility  /-ˈbiliti/   [Latin nubilis from nubere ‘become the wife of’]

nuchal /ˈnju:k(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the nape of the neck (有关)颈背部分的 [nucha ‘nape’ via medieval Latin nucha ‘medulla oblongata’ from Arabic nuka ‘spinal marrow’]

nuci- /ˈnju:si/ comb. form  nut [构词成分]坚果 [Latin nux nucis ‘nut’]

nuciferous /nju:ˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj. Bot.  bearing nuts 【植】结坚果的

nuclear /ˈnju:kliə/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or constituting a nucleus (有关)核的；构成核的 2  using nuclear energy 使用核能的  nuclear reactor  核反应堆 3  having nuclear weapons 拥有核武器的 [NUCLEUS + -AR1]

nuclear bomb n.  a bomb using the release of energy by nuclear fission or fusion or both 核弹

nuclear disarmament n.  the gradual or total reduction by a state of its nuclear weapons 核裁军

nuclear energy n.  energy obtained by nuclear fission or fusion 核能

nuclear family n.  a couple and their children, regarded as a basic social unit 核心家庭(一对夫妻和他们的孩子)；小家庭

nuclear fission n.  a nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle, with the release of energy 核裂变

nuclear force n.  a strong attractive force between nucleons in the atomic nucleus that holds the nucleus together 核力

nuclear-free adj.  free from nuclear weapons, power, etc. 无核武器的；无核能的

nuclear fuel n.  a substance that will sustain a fission chain reaction so that it can be used as a source of nuclear energy 核燃料

nuclear fusion n.  a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy 核聚变；核合并

nuclear magnetic resonance n.  the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a nucleus having a magnetic moment when in an external magnetic field, used mainly as an analytical technique and in body imaging for diagnosis (abbr. 缩略 : NMR, nmr) 核磁共振

nuclear physics n.  the physics of atomic nuclei and their interactions, esp. in the generation of nuclear energy (尤指与产生核能有关的)核物理

nuclear power n.  1  electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor 核动力 2  a country that has nuclear weapons 核大国 □ nuclear-powered  adj.  

nuclear reactor  see 见 REACTOR n. 2 

nuclear umbrella n.  supposed protection afforded by an alliance with a country possessing nuclear weapons 核保护伞

nuclear warfare n.  warfare in which nuclear weapons are used 核战争

nuclear waste n.  radioactive waste material e.g. from the use or reprocessing of nuclear fuel (如从使用或处理核燃料中产生的)核垃圾；核废物

nuclear weapon n.  a missile, bomb, etc., using the release of energy by nuclear fission or fusion or both 核武器(导弹、炸弹等)

nuclear winter n.  a period of abnormal cold and darkness predicted to follow a nuclear war, caused by a layer of smoke and dust in the atmosphere blocking the sun's rays 核冬天(核战争后会造成极度寒冷和黑暗，因为空气中的一层烟雾和灰尘会遮蔽阳光)

nuclease /ˈnju:klieiz/ n.  any enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of nucleic acids 核酸酶

nucleate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈnju:kliət/  having a nucleus 有核的 ●v. intr. & tr. /ˈnju:klieit/  form or form into a nucleus 使成核；使形成核 □ nucleation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin nucleare nucleat- ‘form a kernel’ (as NUCLEUS)]

nuclei pl.  of NUCLEUS  

nucleic acid /nju:ˈkli:ik, -ˈkleiik/ n.  either of two complex organic substances (DNA and RNA), whose molecules consists of many nucleotides linked in a long chain, and present in all living cells 核酸

nucleo- /ˈnju:kliəʊ/ comb. form  nucleus; nucleic acid (nucleoprotein 核蛋白) [构词成分]核的；核酸的

nucleolus /nju:kliˈəʊləs/ n. (pl. nucleoli /-lai/) Biol.  a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase 【生】(细胞核内的)核仁 □ nucleolar  adj.   [Late Latin, diminutive of Latin nucleus: see NUCLEUS]

nucleon /ˈnju:kliɒn/ n. Physics  a proton or neutron 【物理学】质子；中子

nucleonics /nju:kliˈɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of science and technology concerned with atomic nuclei and nucleons, esp. the exploitation of nuclear power 核子学(尤指核动力的利用) □ nucleonic  adj.   [NUCLEAR, on the pattern of electronics]

nucleoprotein /ˌnju:kliə(ʊ)ˈprəʊti:n/ n.  a complex of nucleic acid and protein 核蛋白

nucleoside /ˈnju:kliəsaid/ n. Biochem.  an organic compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to a sugar, e.g. adenosine 【生化】核苷(如腺核苷)

nucleosynthesis /ˌnjʊ:kliəʊˈsinθisis/ n. Astron.  the cosmic formation of atoms more complex than the hydrogen atom 【天】核合成 □ nucleosynthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  

nucleotide /ˈnju:kliətaid/ n. Biochem.  an organic compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group 【生化】核苷酸

nucleus /ˈnju:kliəs/ n. (pl. nuclei /-liai/)  1  a  the central part or thing round which others are collected 中心b  the kernel of an aggregate or mass 核心 2  an initial part meant to receive additions 起点；开始 3 Astron.  the solid part of a comet's head 【天】(彗星头部的)彗核 4 Physics  the positively charged central core of an atom that contains most of its mass 【物理学】原子核 5 Biol.  a large dense organelle in a eukaryotic cell, containing the genetic material 【生】细胞核 6  a discrete mass of grey matter in the central nervous system 神经核 [Latin, = kernel, inner part, diminutive of nux nucis ‘nut’]

nuclide /ˈnju:klaid/ n. Physics  a distinct kind of atom or nucleus characterized by a specific number of protons and neutrons 【物理学】核素 □ nuclidic  /nju:ˈklidik/ adj.   [NUCLEUS + Greek eidos ‘form’]

nuddy /ˈnʌdi/ n. colloq. [口]   □ in the nuddy   in the nude 赤身裸体；赤裸裸 [jocular alteration of NUDE]

nude /nju:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  naked, bare, unclothed 裸体的；裸露的；没穿衣服的 ●n.  1  a painting, sculpture, photograph, etc. of a nude human figure; such a figure 裸体人画(雕塑、照片等)；裸体人像 2  a nude person 裸体者 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  an unclothed state 裸体状态b  the representation of an undraped human figure as a genre in art 裸派(表现裸体人像的一种艺术流派) [Latin nudus]

nudge /nʌdʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  prod gently with the elbow to attract attention 用肘轻推(以提起注意) 2  push gently or gradually 轻推；推进 3  give a gentle reminder or encouragement to (a person) 对(某人)提醒(或鼓励) ●n.  the act or an instance of nudging; a gentle push 轻推；推进 □ nudger  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown: cf. Norwegian dialect nugga, nyggja ‘to push, rub’]

nudibranch /ˈnju:dibræŋk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a marine gastropod of the order Nudibranchia, with exposed gills and a vestigial shell; a sea slug (裸鳃亚目软体动物的)裸鳃类；海蛞蝓 ●adj.  of or relating to this order (有关)裸鳃亚目的 □ nudibranchiate  /-ˈbræŋkiət/ n. & adj.   [modern Latin Nudibranchia, from Latin nudus NUDE + BRANCHIA]

nudist /ˈnju:dist/ n.  a person who advocates or practises going unclothed 裸体主义者 □ nudism  n.  

nudity /ˈnju:diti/ n.  the state of being nude; nakedness 赤裸，裸体

nugatory /ˈnju:ɡət(ə)ri, ˈnu:-/ adj.  1  futile, trifling, worthless 无用的；琐碎的；无价值的 2  inoperative; not valid 不起作用的；无效的 [Latin nugatorius, via nugari ‘to trifle’ from nugae ‘jests’]

nugget /ˈnʌɡit/ n.  1  a  a lump of gold, platinum, etc., as found in the earth (在地底下发现的)块金(块铂等)b  a lump of anything compared to this 块状物 2  something valuable for its size (由于其尺寸、规模、大小等而)有价值的东西 often abstract in sense 常含义抽象 : a little nugget of information  一些有价值的情报 [apparently from dialect nug ‘lump’ etc., of unknown origin]

nuisance /ˈnju:s(ə)ns/ n.  1  a person, thing, or circumstance causing trouble or annoyance 讨厌的人(东西或状况) 2  anything harmful or offensive to the community or a member of it and for which a legal remedy exists 损害；妨碍(任何对公众和个人所做的伤害或攻击性的事情，并由此而带来法律救济) [Middle English via Old French, = hurt, from nuire nuis- ‘hurt, injure’, from Latin nocēre]

nuisance value n.  an advantage resulting from the capacity to harass or frustrate 阻碍值

NUJ abbr. (in the UK) National Union of Journalists [缩略] (英国)全国记者协会

nuke /nju:k/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a nuclear weapon 核武器 ●v. tr.  bomb or destroy with nuclear weapons 用核武器轰炸(或摧毁) [abbreviation]

null /nʌl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. 尤用于 null and void)  invalid; not binding 无效的；无束缚力的 2  non-existent; amounting to nothing 不存在的；等于零的 3  having or associated with the value zero 无价值的；无用的 4 Computing 【计算】  a  empty; having no elements 空的；无内容的  null list  空表b  all the elements of which are zeros 零的  null matrix  零矩阵 5  without character or expression 无特征的；无表情的 ●n.  a dummy letter in a cipher (密码中)哑字母 [French nul nulle or Latin nullus ‘none’, from ne ‘not’ + ullus ‘any’]

nullah /ˈnʌlə/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a dry river bed or ravine [印英]干涸的河床(或峡谷) [Hindi nɑˉlɑˉ]

nulla-nulla /ˈnʌlənʌlə/ n. (also 亦作 nulla) Austral.  a hardwood club used by Aboriginals [澳] (土著人用的)硬木木棒 [Dharuk ngalla-ngalla]

null character n. Computing  a character denoting nothing, usu. represented by a zero 【计算】零字符；空字符(通常由零表示)

null hypothesis n.  a hypothesis suggesting that the difference between statistical samples does not imply a difference between populations 虚假说；零假说

nullify /ˈnʌlifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make null; neutralize, invalidate, cancel 使无效；抵消；使无价值；撤销 □ nullification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ nullifier  n.  

null instrument n. (also 亦作 null indicator)  an instrument used to measure an electrical quantity by adjusting known quantities in the circuit until a reading of zero is obtained 零点调整仪；平衡点测定仪

nullipara /nʌˈlip(ə)rə/ n.  a woman who has never borne a child 未产妇 □ nulliparous  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin nullus ‘none’ + -para, fem. of -parus, from parere ‘bear children’]

nullipore /ˈnʌlipɔ:/ n.  any of various seaweeds able to secrete lime 珊瑚藻；红藻科植物(能分泌出石灰的各种海藻) [Latin nullus ‘none’ + PORE1]

nullity /ˈnʌliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Law 【法律】  a  being null; invalidity, esp. of marriage 无效(尤指婚姻)b  an act, document, etc., that is null 无效的行为(文件等) 2  a  nothingness 无价值的东西；无用的人b  a mere nothing; a nonentity 无；不存在 [French nullité or medieval Latin nullitas from Latin nullus ‘none’]

null link n. Computing  a reference incorporated into the last item in a list to indicate there are no further items in the list 【计算】空连接

NUM abbr. (in the UK) National Union of Mineworkers [缩略] (英国)全国矿工联盟

Num. abbr. [缩略]  Numbers (Old Testament) 

numb /nʌm/ adj. & v. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  deprived of feeling or the power of motion 丧失(情感或行动)能力的；麻木的；无知觉的  numb with cold  因寒冷而失去知觉 ●v. tr.  1  make numb 使麻木；使失去知觉 2  stupefy, paralyse 使麻醉；使瘫痪；使麻痹 □ numbly  adv.  □ numbness  n.   [Middle English nome(n), past part. of nim ‘take’: for -b cf. THUMB]

numbat /ˈnʌmbæt/ n.  a small Australian marsupial, Myrmecobius fasciatus, with a bushy tail and black and white striped back 袋食蚁兽(澳大利亚有袋类动物，有浓密的尾巴，背部有黑白相间条状斑纹) [Nyungar numbad]

number /ˈnʌmbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an arithmetical value representing a particular quantity and used in counting and making calculations (代表一个特别的量并且用在计数或计算上的)数；数目；数额b  a word, symbol, or figure representing this; a numeral 数字c  an arithmetical value showing position in a series, esp. for identification, reference, etc. (尤指为了识别或作为参考的)号码(编号)  registration number  登记号码 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the total count or aggregate 总数  the number of accidents has decreased  事故的数量有所减少 twenty in number  总数 20 3  a  the study of the behaviour of numbers; numerical reckoning 对数的特点的研究；数的计算  the laws of number  计算规则b (in pl. 用复数)  arithmetic 算术  not good at numbers  算术不好 4  a (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a quantity or amount; a total; a count 总量；总额；合计  a large number of people  许许多多人 only in small numbers  只占少数b (a number of)  several (of), some (of) 若干；一些c (in pl. 用复数)  numerical preponderance 数量上的优势  force of numbers  数量上占优势的力量 there is safety in numbers  在数量上有保障 5  a  a person or thing having a place in a series, esp. a single issue of a magazine, an item in a programme, etc. 系列中的人(或东西) (尤指杂志的一期、节目中的一个等)b  a song, dance, musical item, etc. 一支歌(一段舞蹈、一首曲子等) 6  company, collection, group 一群；一类；一伙  among our number  我们这伙人中 7 Gram. 【语法】  a  the classification of words by their singular or plural forms 词按单复数分类的数b  a particular form so classified (词的)单数；复数 8 colloq.  a person or thing regarded familiarly or affectionately [口]熟的(亲切的)人(或物) usu. qualified in some way 通常指在某些方面有资格 : an attractive little number  迷人的小东西 9 (Numbers)  the Old Testament book containing a census 民数记(《圣经·旧约》) ●v. tr.  1  include 归入  I number you among my friends  我把你看作朋友 2  assign a number or numbers to 把…标号；给…编号 3  have or amount to (a specified number) 拥有，达到…(特定的数) 4  a  count 计数；计算b  comprise 包含  numbering forty thousand men  计有 4 万人 □ any number of   1  any particular whole quantity of 任何一项目的总量 2 colloq.  a large unspecified number of [口]许多□ by numbers   following simple instructions (as if) identified by numbers 机械地；一板一眼地□ one's days are numbered   one does not have long to live 寿命不长了，某人没有几天活头了□ have a person's number  colloq.  understand a person's real motives, character, etc. [口]看透某人的真实动机(本质)□ have a person's number on it  (of a bomb, bullet, etc.) be destined to hit a specified person (炸弹、子弹等)注定要打死某人□ one's number is up  colloq.  one is finished or doomed to die [口]某人死期已近；寿数已尽□ without number   innumerable 数不胜数 [Middle English via Old French nombre (n.), nombrer (v.) from Latin numerus, numerare]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 4b of the noun, a number of is normally used with a plural verb, e.g. A number of problems remain. 在名词 4b 的释义中， a number of 通常跟复数动词，如 A number of problems remain (存在许多问题)。 

number cruncher n. Computing & Math. slang  a machine capable of complex calculations etc. 【计算】【数】[俚语] (一种能进行复杂计算等的)数据计算研究机 □ number crunching  n.  

numberless /ˈnʌmbəlis/ adj.  innumerable 数不清的

number one n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  oneself 自我，自己  always takes care of number one  总是关心自己 ●adj.  most important 最重要的  the number one priority  头号优先权

number plate n.  a plate on a vehicle displaying its registration number 汽车牌照

numbers game n.  1 usu. derog.  action involving only arithmetical work [通常贬]只涉及算术的活动 2 N. Amer.  a lottery based on the occurrence of unpredictable numbers in the results of races etc. [北美]彩票赌博(把赌注压在比赛结果的数字上) 3  a comparison, contest, etc., regarded merely in terms of numerical statistics (仅在数的统计方面的)较量(竞赛等)

Number Ten n. 10 Downing Street, the official London home of the British Prime Minister 唐宁街 10 号(英国首相官邸)

number two n.  a second in command 第二位的；不居首位的

numb-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = ELECTRIC RAY 

numbles /ˈnʌmb(ə)lz/ n. pl. Brit. archaic  a deer's entrails [英古义]鹿的内脏 [originally = the back and loins of a deer: Middle English via Old French numbles, nombles from Latin lumbulus, diminutive of lumbus ‘loin’: cf. UMBLES]

numbskull var.  of NUMSKULL  NUMSKULL 的变体

numdah /ˈnʌmdə/ n.  an embroidered felt rug from India etc. (印度等地的)绣花粗毡地毯 [Urdu namdɑˉ from Persian namad ‘carpet’]

numen /ˈnju:mən/ n. (pl. numina /-minə/)  a presiding deity or spirit 守护神；引导精神 [Latin numen -minis]

numerable /ˈnju:m(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be counted 可数的；可计数的 □ numerably  adv.   [Latin numerabilis from numerare NUMBER v.]

numeral /ˈnju:m(ə)r(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a word, figure, or group of figures denoting a number 数字 ●adj.  of or denoting a number (表示)数字的 [Late Latin numeralis from Latin (as NUMBER)]

numerate /ˈnju:m(ə)rət/ adj.  acquainted with the basic principles of mathematics 熟知数学基本规则的 □ numeracy  n.   [Latin numerus ‘number’ + -ATE2 on the pattern of literate]

numeration /nju:məˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a method or process of numbering or computing 读数(或计算)的方法(过程)b  calculation 计算 2  the expression in words of a number written in figures 读数 [Middle English from Latin numeratio ‘payment’, in Late Latin ‘numbering’ (as NUMBER)]

numerator /ˈnju:məreitə/ n.  1  the number above the line in a vulgar fraction showing how many of the parts indicated by the denominator are taken (e.g. 2 in 2/3) (分数的)分子(如在 2/3 中的 2) 2  a person or device that numbers 计数者；计数器 [French numérateur or Late Latin numerator (as NUMBER)]

numerical /nju:ˈmerik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 numeric)  of or relating to a number or numbers (有关)数字的  numerical superiority  数目上的优势 □ numerically  adv.   [medieval Latin numericus (as NUMBER)]

numerical analysis n.  the branch of mathematics that deals with the development and use of numerical methods for solving problems 数值分析

numerology /nju:məˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the supposed occult significance of numbers 数字命理学；数字占卦术 □ numerological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ numerologist  n.   [Latin numerus ‘number’ + -LOGY]

numerous /ˈnju:m(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (with pl. 与复数连用)  great in number 数量众多的  received numerous gifts  收到许多礼物 2  consisting of many 许多的  a numerous family  一户人口众多的家庭 □ numerously  adv.  □ numerousness  n.   [Latin numerosus (as NUMBER)]

numina pl.  of NUMEN  

numinous /ˈnju:minəs/ adj.  1  indicating the presence of a divinity 表明神存在的 2  spiritual 精神上的 3  awe-inspiring 令人肃然起敬的 [Latin numen: see NUMEN]

numismatic /nju:mizˈmætik/ adj.  of or relating to coins or medals (有关)硬币(或奖章)的 □ numismatically  adv.   [French numismatique via Latin numisma from Greek nomisma -atos ‘current coin’, from nomizō ‘use currently’]

numismatics /nju:mizˈmætiks/ n.  the study of coins or medals 钱币学；对奖章的研究 □ numismatist  /-ˈmizmətist/ n.  

numismatology /ˌnju:mizməˈtɒlədʒi, nju:ˌmiz-/ n.  = NUMISMATICS 

nummulite /ˈnʌmjʊlait/ n.  a disc-shaped fossil shell of a foraminiferous protozoan found in Tertiary strata 货币虫 [Latin nummulus, diminutive of nummus ‘coin’]

numnah /ˈnʌmnə/ n.  a saddle-cloth or pad placed under a saddle 鞍毡；鞍垫 [Urdu namdɑˉ: see NUMDAH]

numskull /ˈnʌmskʌl/ n. (also 亦作 numbskull)  a stupid or foolish person 傻瓜；笨蛋 [NUMB + SKULL]

nun /nʌn/ n.  a member of a community of women living apart under religious vows 修女；尼姑 □ nunhood  n.  □ nunlike  adj.  □ nunnish  adj.   [Middle English via Old English nunne and Old French nonne from ecclesiastical Latin nonna, fem. of nonnus ‘monk’, originally a title given to an elderly person]

nunatak /ˈnʌnətæk/ n.  an isolated peak of rock projecting above a surface of inland ice or snow e.g. in Greenland (如在格陵兰的)冰原岛峰 [Eskimo]

nun-buoy /ˈnʌnbɔi/ n.  a buoy circular in the middle and tapering to each end (中间圆两头细的)纺锤形浮标 [obsolete nun ‘child's top’ + BUOY]

Nunc Dimittis /nʌŋk diˈmitis/ n.  the Song of Simeon (Luke 2:29 － 32) used as a canticle 西缅祷词(路加福音 2:29 － 32 ，用作圣歌) [the opening words nunc dimittis ‘now let (your servant) depart’]

nunciature /ˈnʌnʃətjʊə/ n. RC Ch.  the office or tenure of a nuncio 【天主教】罗马教皇使节的职位(或任期) [Italian nunziatura (as NUNCIO)]

nuncio /ˈnʌnsiəʊ, ˈnʌnʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) RC Ch.  a papal ambassador 【天主教】罗马教皇的使节；教廷大使 [Italian from Latin nuntius ‘messenger’]

nuncupate /ˈnʌŋkjʊpeit/ v. tr.  declare (a will or testament) orally, not in writing 口头(非书面)宣布(遗嘱或遗言) □ nuncupation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ nuncupative  /-pətiv/ adj.   [Latin nuncupare nuncupat- ‘name’]

nunnery /ˈnʌn(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a religious house of nuns; a convent 尼姑庵；女修道院

NUPE /ˈnju:pi/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) National Union of Public Employees, merged with COHSE and NALGO in 1993 to form UNISON [缩略] [史义] (英国)全国公务员联合会 (1993 年与 COHSE 和 NALGO 合并后成 UNISON)

nuptial /ˈnʌpʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to marriage or weddings (有关)婚姻(或婚礼)的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a wedding 婚礼 [French nuptial or Latin nuptialis, via nuptiae ‘wedding’ from nubere nupt- ‘wed’]

NUR abbr. hist. (in the UK) National Union of Railwaymen (merged in 1990 with the National Union of Seamen to form the RMT) [缩略] [史义] (英国)全国铁路职工工会 (1990 年与全国海员工会合并后成 RMT)

nurd var.  of NERD  NERD 的变体

nurse1 /nɜ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person trained to care for the sick or infirm (照顾病人或虚弱人的)护士；护理员 2 (formerly) a person employed or trained to take charge of young children (旧指照顾孩子的)保姆 3 archaic [古义]  = WET-NURSE  4 Forestry  a tree planted as a shelter to others 【林学】防护树 5 Zool.  a worker bee, ant, etc., caring for a young brood 【动】(照顾幼卵的)工蜂(工蚁等) ●v.  1  a intr.  work as a nurse 做护士b tr.  attend to (a sick person) 护理；照料(病人)c tr.  give medical attention to (an illness or injury) 调养；调治(疾病或伤害) 2 tr. & intr.  feed or be fed at the breast 吃奶；喂奶 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 in)  be brought up in (a specified condition) 在(特定的条件下)养育长大  nursed in poverty  在贫穷中长大 4 tr. esp. Brit.  hold or treat carefully or caressingly [尤英]精心地(或爱抚地)拿着(抱着或对待)  sat nursing my feet  抱着我的双脚坐着 5 tr.  a  foster; promote the development of (the arts, plants, etc.) 培养；扶植(艺术、植物等)b  harbour or nurture (a grievance, hatred, etc.) 心中怀有；滋生(痛苦、仇恨等)c esp. Brit.  pay special attention to [尤英]对…特别注意  nursed the voters  拉拢选民 6 tr.  consume (a drink) slowly 慢慢地吃(或喝) 7 tr. Billiards  keep (the balls) together for a series of cannons 【台球】将(球)聚拢 [reduced from Middle English and Old French norice, nurice, via Late Latin nutricia, fem. of Latin nutricius from nutrix -icis, from nutrire NOURISH]

nurse2 /nɜ:s/ n.  any of various dogfishes and sharks, esp. (in full 全称 nurse hound) a large dogfish of the NE Atlantic, Scyliorhinus stellaris, and (in full 全称 nurse shark) a slow-swimming brownish shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, of warm Atlantic waters 角鲨目鱼类；鲨鱼(尤指大西洋东北部的大斑猫鲨及大西洋暖流中的铰口鲨) [originally nusse, perhaps derived by wrong division of an huss (cf. ADDER)]

nurseling var.  of NURSLING  NURSLING 的变体

nursemaid /ˈnɜ:smeid/ n.  1  a woman in charge of a child or children (照顾儿童的)保姆 2  a person who watches over or guides another carefully 监视(或指导)别人的人

nursery /ˈnɜ:s(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a room or place equipped for young children 托儿所b  = DAY NURSERY  2  a place where plants, trees, etc., are reared for sale or transplantation (培育植物、树木等的)苗圃 3  any sphere or place in or by which qualities or types of people are fostered or bred 温床 4 Billiards 【台球】  a  grouped balls (see 见 NURSE1 v. 7) 聚球b (in full 全称 nursery cannon) Brit.  a cannon on three close balls [英]对 3 个相近的球连击的打法；打聚球法

nurseryman /ˈnɜ:s(ə)rimən/ n. (pl. -men)  an owner of or worker in a plant nursery 苗圃主；花圃工

nursery nurse n. Brit.  a person trained to take charge of babies and young children [英] (受过训练的)保育员

nursery rhyme n.  a simple traditional song or story in rhyme for children 童谣

nursery school n.  a school for children between the ages of usu. three and five (通常接纳 3 至 5 岁孩子的)幼儿园

nursery slopes n. pl. Brit. Skiing  gentle slopes suitable for beginners [英]【滑雪】(适合初学者的)练习坡地

nursery stakes n. pl. Brit.  a race for two-year-old horses [英]两岁马的比赛

nursing /ˈnɜ:siŋ/ n.  1  the practice or profession of caring for the sick as a nurse 护理(或护士)职业 2 (作 attrib.)  concerned with or suitable for nursing the sick or elderly etc. 有关(适于)护理病人(或老人)的  nursing home  私人疗养院 nursing sister  看护；护士

nursing officer n. Brit.  a senior nurse (see 见 SENIOR NURSING OFFICER) [英]高级护士

nursling /ˈnɜ:sliŋ/ n. (also 亦作 nurseling)  an infant that is being suckled 被喂养的婴儿

nurture /ˈnɜ:tʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the process of bringing up or training (esp. children); fostering care (尤指对孩子)培育；教养；养育 2  nourishment 营养物；养料 3  sociological factors as an influence on or determinant of personality (opp. 反义 NATURE 8) (影响或决定人的个性的)社会环境因素 ●v. tr.  1  bring up; rear 培育；养育 2  nourish 滋养 □ nurturer  n.   [Middle English from Old French nour(e)ture (as NOURISH)]

NUS abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) National Union of Students (英国)全国学生联合会 2 hist. (in the UK) National Union of Seamen (merged in 1990 with the NUR to form the RMT) [史义] (英国)全国海员工会 (1990 年与 NUR 合并后成 RMT)

NUT abbr. (in the UK) National Union of Teachers [缩略] (英国)全国教师联合会

nut /nʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a fruit consisting of a hard or tough shell around an edible kernel 坚果；干果b  this kernel 果仁 2  a pod containing hard seeds 含有硬籽的豆荚 3  a small usu. square or hexagonal flat piece of metal or other material with a threaded hole through it for screwing on the end of a bolt to secure it (通常四方或六角形的)螺母；螺帽 4 slang  a person's head [俚语]脑袋，头 5 slang [俚语]  a  a crazy or eccentric person 疯狂的人；怪人b  an obsessive enthusiast or devotee 狂热的人；入迷的人  a health-food nut  衷于保健食品的人 6  a small lump of coal, butter, etc. 小块煤(黄油等) 7  a  a screw fitted to the bow of a violin etc. for adjusting its tension (小提琴等琴弓上的)松紧螺丝b  the fixed ridge on the neck of a stringed instrument over which the strings pass (弦乐器上的)琴马 8 (in pl. 用复数) coarse slang  the testicles [粗俗俚语]睾丸 ●v. (nutted, nutting)  1 intr.  seek or gather nuts 寻找(采集)干果(坚果)  go nutting  采干果去 2 tr. slang  butt with the head [俚语]用头撞击 □ do one's nut  Brit. slang  be extremely angry or agitated [英] [俚语]大发雷霆；心烦意乱□ for nuts  Brit. colloq. [英口]  even tolerably well 一点也；根本  cannot sing for nuts  压根儿不会唱歌□ nuts and bolts  colloq.  the practical details [口]基本内容□ off one's nut  slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂□ nutlike  adj.   [Old English hnutu, from Germanic]

nutant /ˈnju:t(ə)nt/ adj. Bot.  nodding, drooping 【植】垂头的；俯垂的 [Latin nutare ‘nod’]

nutation /nju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of nodding 点头；垂头 2 Astron.  a periodic oscillation of the earth's poles 【天】章动 3  oscillation of a spinning top (旋转物顶端的)晃动 4  the spiral movement of a plant organ during growth (植物生长时的)转头运动 [Latin nutatio (as NUTANT)]

nut brown n. & adj. ●n.  a dark brown colour 深棕色；栗色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 深棕色的；栗色的

nutcase /ˈnʌtkeis/ n. slang  a crazy or foolish person [俚语]疯子；傻子

nutcracker /ˈnʌtkrækə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a device for cracking nuts 坚果钳 2  a crow of the genus Nucifraga 星鸦(乌鸦的一种)

nut cutlet n. Brit.  a cutlet-shaped portion of meat-substitute, made from nuts etc. [英] (用坚果等制作而成的)肉排的替代品

nutgall /ˈnʌtɡɔ:l/ n.  a gall found on dyer's oak, used in dyeing 核果瘤(用于染业)

nuthatch /ˈnʌthætʃ/ n.  any small songbird of the genus Sitta and family Sittidae, climbing up and down tree trunks and feeding on nuts, insects, etc., esp. the Eurasian S. europaea (食坚果、昆虫等的)科属鸟(尤指欧亚的普通) [NUT + hatch related to HACK1, from the bird's habit of hacking with the beak at nuts wedged in a crevice]

nuthouse /ˈnʌthaʊs/ n. slang  a mental home or hospital [俚语]疯人院；精神病院

nutlet /ˈnʌtlit/ n.  a small nut or nutlike fruit 小坚果；似坚果的果实

nutmeg /ˈnʌtmeɡ/ n.  1  an evergreen tree, Myristica fragrans, native to the Moluccas, yielding a hard aromatic spheroidal seed 肉豆蔻(一种摩鹿加群岛的常青树，结芳香坚硬的扁园形种子) 2  the seed of this grated and used as a spice 肉豆蔻的种子(磨碎后用作香料) [Middle English: partial translation of Old French nois mug(u)ede, ultimately from Latin nux ‘nut’ + Late Latin muscus MUSK]

nutmeg-apple n.  the fruit of the nutmeg tree, yielding mace and nutmeg 肉豆蔻果实

nut oil n.  an oil obtained from hazelnuts and walnuts and used in paints and varnishes 榛子油；核桃油

nutria /ˈnju:triə/ n.  the skin or fur of a coypu 河狸鼠(毛)皮 [Spanish, = otter]

nutrient /ˈnju:triənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  any substance that provides essential nourishment for the maintenance of life 营养物；滋养物 ●adj.  serving as or providing nourishment 营养的；滋养的 [Latin nutrire ‘nourish’]

nutriment /ˈnju:trim(ə)nt/ n.  1  nourishing food 营养品 2  an intellectual or artistic etc. nourishment or stimulus 促进(或刺激)智力或艺术发展的东西 □ nutrimental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin nutrimentum (as NUTRIENT)]

nutrition /njʊˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of providing or receiving nourishing substances 提供(或吸收)营养物的过程b  food, nourishment 食物；营养 2  the study of nutrients and nutrition 营养学 □ nutritional  adj.  □ nutritionally  adv.   [French nutrition or Late Latin nutritio (as NUTRIENT)]

nutritionist /njʊˈtriʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person who studies or is an expert on the processes of human nourishment 营养学(专)家

nutritious /njʊˈtriʃəs/ adj.  efficient as food; nourishing 滋养的；有营养的 □ nutritiously  adv.  □ nutritiousness  n.   [Latin nutritius (as NURSE1)]

nutritive /ˈnju:tritiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerned in nutrition (有关)营养的；(有关)滋养的 2  serving as nutritious food 作为营养食品的 ●n.  a nutritious article of food 营养物；营养食品 [Middle English via French nutritif -ive from medieval Latin nutritivus (as NUTRIENT)]

nuts /nʌts/ adj. & int. ●predic. adj. slang  crazy, mad, eccentric [俚语]疯狂的；疯的；怪的 ●int. slang  an expression of contempt or derision [俚语] (表示轻蔑或嘲笑)呸；胡说  nuts to you  去你的 □ be nuts about (or Brit. [英] on)  colloq.  be enthusiastic about or very fond of [口]狂热于；迷恋于

nutshell /ˈnʌtʃel/ n.  the hard exterior covering of a nut 坚果壳 □ in a nutshell   in a few words 概括地

nutter /ˈnʌtə/ n. Brit. slang  a crazy or eccentric person [英] [俚语]狂热的人；古怪的人

nut tree n.  any tree bearing nuts, esp. a hazel 坚果树(尤指榛树)

nutty /ˈnʌti/ adj. (nuttier, nuttiest)  1  a  full of nuts 多坚果的b  tasting like nuts 坚果味的 2 slang  crazy, mad, eccentric [俚语]疯狂的；疯的；古怪的 □ nuttiness  n.  

nux vomica /nʌks ˈvɒmikə/ n.  1  a southern Asian tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, with a poisonous fruit 马钱子(南亚树木，果实有毒) 2  the seeds of this tree, containing strychnine 马钱子种子(含马钱子碱) [medieval Latin, from Latin nux ‘nut’ + vomicus from vomere ‘vomit’]

nuzzle /ˈnʌz(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  prod or rub gently with the nose 用鼻子(轻轻地)触(擦) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into, against, up to)  press the nose gently (轻轻地)按压鼻子 3 tr. (also 亦作 refl.)  nestle; lie snug 依偎；舒适地躺着 [Middle English, from NOSE + -LE4]

nuée ardente /ˌnjʊei ɑ:ˈdɒt, 法 nɥɛ ardɑ˜t/ n. Geol.  a hot cloud of gas, ash, and lava fragments ejected from a volcano, usu. accompanying a pyroclastic flow 【地质】炽热火山云(通常伴有火山灰流) [French, literally ‘burning cloud’]

NV abbr. US  Nevada (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]内华达州(正式邮政用语)

NVQ abbr. (in the UK) National Vocation Qualification [缩略] (英国)全国职业资格

NW abbr. [缩略]  1  north-west  2  north-western 

NY abbr. US  New York (also in official postal use) [缩略] [美]纽约(亦正式邮政用语)

nyala /ˈnjɑ:lə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a large antelope, Tragelaphus angasi, native to S. Africa, with curved horns having a single complete turn 安氏林羚(南非的一种大型羚羊，角弯曲) [Zulu]

NYC abbr.  New York City [缩略]纽约市

nyctalopia /niktəˈləʊpiə/ n. Med.  inability to see in dim light or at night Also called 亦称作 night-blindness 【医】夜盲症 [Late Latin from Greek nuktalōps, from nux nuktos ‘night’ + alaos ‘blind’ + ōps ‘eye’]

nyctitropic /niktiˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/ adj. Bot. (of plant movements) occurring at night and caused by changes in light and temperature 【植】(植物运动)感夜的；在夜里发生的；根据光和温度变化的 [Greek nukti-, comb. form of nux nuktos ‘night’ + tropos ‘turn’]

nye var.  of NIDE  NIDE 的变体

nylon /ˈnailɒn/ n.  1  any of various synthetic polyamide fibres having a protein-like structure, with tough, lightweight, elastic properties, used in industry and for textiles etc. 尼龙(用于工业、纺织等) 2  a nylon fabric 尼龙织物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  stockings made of nylon 尼龙长袜 [invented word, on the pattern of cotton, rayon]

nymph /nimf/ n.  1  any of various mythological semi-divine spirits regarded as maidens and associated with aspects of nature, esp. rivers and woods 半神半人的少女(尤常居于河流、森林间) 2 poet.  a beautiful young woman [诗]美少女 3  an immature form of an insect that does not undergo complete metamorphosis, e.g. a dragonfly, mayfly, or locust 蛹(昆虫的未成熟形式，未经过完全的形变，如蜻蜓、浮蝣或蝗虫) □ nymphal  adj.  □ nymphean  /-ˈfi:ən/ adj.  □ nymphlike  adj.   [Middle English via Old French nimphe and Latin nympha from Greek numphē]

nymphae /ˈnimfi:/ n. pl. Anat.  the labia minora 【解】小阴唇 [Latin, pl. of nympha: see NYMPH]

nymphalid /nimˈfælid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the large family Nymphalidae of butterflies with degenerate forelegs (蛱蝶科)蛱蝶的 ●n.  a butterfly of this family 蛱蝶 [modern Latin genus name Nymphalis, from Latin nympha NYMPH]

nymphet /ˈnimfet, nimˈfet/ n.  1  a young nymph 年轻美丽的少女 2 colloq.  a sexually attractive (esp. precocious) young woman [口]性感的(尤指早熟的)少女

nympho /ˈnimfəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a nymphomaniac [口]慕男狂；女色情狂 [abbreviation]

nympholepsy /ˈnimfəlepsi/ n.  ecstasy or frenzy caused by desire of the unattainable (为达到某种不能达到的愿望所引起的)狂乱(入迷) [NYMPHOLEPT, on the pattern of epilepsy]

nympholept /ˈnimfəlept/ n.  a person inspired by violent enthusiasm esp. for an ideal (尤指为理想)狂热追求者 □ nympholeptic  /-ˈleptik/ adj.   [Greek numpholēptos ‘caught by nymphs’ (as NYMPH, lambanō ‘take’)]

nymphomania /nimfəˈmeiniə/ n.  excessive sexual desire in a woman 女色情狂 □ nymphomaniac  n. & adj.   [modern Latin (as NYMPH, -MANIA)]

nystagmus /niˈstæɡməs/ n.  rapid involuntary movements of the eyes 眼球震颤 □ nystagmic  adj.   [Greek nustagmos ‘nodding, drowiness’ from nustazō ‘nod, be sleepy’]

nystatin /ˈnaistətin, ˈnis-/ n.  an antibiotic used esp. to treat fungal infections 制霉菌素(尤用于治疗真菌感染) [New York State (where developed) + -IN]

Nyungar /ˈnjʊŋə/ n.  an Aboriginal language of SW Australia, now extinct 澳大利亚西南部的一种土著语言(现已绝迹)

NZ abbr.  New Zealand [缩略]新西兰

né /nei/ adj.  born (indicating a man's previous name) 出生姓(指男子原来的姓)的  Lord Beaconsfield, né Benjamin Disraeli  原来姓名叫本杰明·迪斯雷利的比肯斯菲尔德勋爵 [French, past part. of naître ‘be born’: cf. NéE]

née /nei/ adj. (US also [美亦] nee) (used in adding a married woman's maiden name after her surname) born 出生于…的(加在已婚妇女姓后，以表示其未婚时的姓)  Mrs Ann Smith, née Jones  娘家姓琼斯的安·史密斯夫人 [French, fem. past part. of naître ‘be born’]

névé /ˈnevei/ n.  an expanse of granular snow not yet compressed into ice at the head of a glacier 粒雪；永久冰雪 [Swiss French, = glacier, ultimately from Latin nix nivis ‘snow’]

O1 /əʊ/ n. (also 亦作 o) (pl. Os or O's)  1  the fifteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 15 个字母 2 (作 0)  nought, zero (in a sequence of numerals esp. when spoken) 零(尤指在口头提及一连串数字时) 3  a human blood type of the ABO system (人类 ABO 血型分类系统中的)O 型血

O2 symb. Chem.  the element oxygen [符]【化】(化学元素)氧

O3 /əʊ/ int.  1 var.  of OH1 OH1 的变体 2  prefixed to a name in the vocative 在称呼中置于名称前  O God  啊，上帝 [Middle English, a natural exclamation]

O' /əʊ, ə/ prefix  of I rish patronymic names (爱尔兰人父系的姓前)…的后裔  O'Connor  奥康纳 [Irish ó, ua, ‘descendant’]

o' /əʊ, ə/ prep.  of, on (esp. in phrs. 尤用于短语 : o'clock 点钟 ; will-o'-the-wisp 捉摸不定的东西) …的；…上 [abbreviation]

-o /əʊ/ suffix  forming usu. slang or colloq. variants or derivatives (beano 盛宴 ; wino 醉鬼) 通常构成俚语或口语化的变体或派生词 [perhaps OH1 as jocular suffix]

-o- /əʊ/ suffix  the terminal vowel of combining forms (spectro- (光)谱的 ; chemico- 化学的 ; Franco- 法国的) 组合形式的最后元音 [originally Greek]■Usage 用法说明 This suffix is often elided before a vowel, as in neuralgia. 该后缀在元音前常被省略，如 neuralgia 。 

oaf /əʊf/ n. (pl. oafs)  1  an awkward lout 痴呆的人 2  a stupid person 蠢人 □ oafish  adj.  □ oafishly  adv.  □ oafishness  n.   [originally = elf's child, variant of obsolete auf from Old Norse ɑˊlfr ‘elf’]

oak /əʊk/ n.  1 (also 亦作 oak tree)  any tree of the genus Quercus usu. having lobed leaves and bearing acorns 栎属树木(通常有裂叶，结橡子) 2  the durable wood of this tree, used esp. for furniture and in building (尤指做家倶或建筑用的)栎木；橡木 3 (作 attrib.)  made of oak 栎(橡)木的  oak table  橡木桌子 4 Brit.  a heavy outer door of a set of university college rooms [英] (大学)厚重的栎木大门 5 (作 the Oaks) (treated as sing. 看作单数)  an annual race at Epsom for three-year-old fillies (from the name of a nearby estate) (在埃普索姆举行的每年一度的 3 岁雌马)马赛(起名于附近的庄园名) □ oaken  adj.   [Old English ɑˉc, from Germanic]

oak-apple n.  a spongy round gall found on oak trees, formed by the gall wasp Biorhiza pallida (由瘿蜂刺激而成的)栎瘿，栎五倍子

oakum /ˈəʊkəm/ n.  a loose fibre obtained by picking old rope to pieces and used esp. in caulking 麻絮；填絮(把旧绳子拆成粗散的纤维，尤用于填塞、防漏) [Old English œˉcumbe, ɑˉcumbe, literally ‘off-combings’]

OAP abbr. Brit.  old-age pensioner [缩略] [英]领取养老金者

oar /ɔ:/ n.  1  a pole with a blade used for rowing or steering a boat by leverage against the water 桨，橹 2  a rower 桨手 □ put (or stick) one's oar in   interfere, meddle 干涉；妨碍□ rest (US [美] lay) on one's oars   relax one's efforts 歇一歇，休息一会□ oared  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ oarless  adj.   [Old English ɑˉr from Germanic: perhaps related to Greek eretmos ‘oar’]

oarfish /ˈɔ:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a ribbonfish, Regalecus glesne 皇带鱼

oarlock /ˈɔ:lɒk/ n. N. Amer.  a rowlock [北美]桨架；桨叉

oarsman /ˈɔ:zmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. oarswoman, pl. -women)  a rower 桨手 □ oarsmanship  n.  

oarweed /ˈɔ:wi:d/ n. (also 亦作 oreweed)  any large marine alga esp. of the genus Laminaria, often growing along rocky shores 昆布(常生长在岩石岸边)

OAS abbr [缩略]  1  Organization of American States 美洲国家组织 2  on active service 现役

oasis /əʊˈeisis/ n. (pl. oases /-si:z/)  1  a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found 沙漠绿洲 2  an area or period of calm in the midst of turbulence (混乱、动荡中的)安全的地方；平静的时期 [Late Latin from Greek, apparently of Egyptian origin]

oast /əʊst/ n.  a kiln for drying hops (烘啤酒花用的)烘干窑 [Old English ɑˉst, from Germanic]

oast house n.  a building containing an oast (烘啤酒花用的)烘房

oat /əʊt/ n.  1  a  a cereal plant, Avena sativa, cultivated in cool climates 燕麦(生长在凉爽气候区)b (in pl. 用复数)  the grain yielded by this, used as food (粮食)燕麦 2  any related grass esp. the wild oat, A. fatua 野燕麦(尤指乌麦) 3 poet.  the oat-stem used as a musical pipe by shepherds etc., usu. in pastoral or bucolic poetry [诗]麦笛(通常用于牧歌或田园诗，指牧羊人用燕麦杆作的笛子) 4 (in pl. 用复数) slang  sexual gratification [俚语]性满足 □ feel one's oats  colloq. [口]  1  be lively 兴高采烈；活泼 2 US  feel self-important [美]自命不凡；趾高气扬□ off one's oats  colloq.  lacking an appetite [口]胃口不好□ sow one's oats (or wild oats)   indulge in youthful excess or promiscuity 沉迷于放荡的生活；厮混□ oaten  adj.  □ oaty  adj.   [Old English ɑˉte, pl. ɑˉtan, of unknown origin]

oatcake /ˈəʊtkeik/ n.  a thin unleavened biscuit-like food made of oatmeal, common in Scotland and northern England (苏格兰和英格兰北部的)燕麦饼

oat-grass n.  any of various grasses, esp. of the genus Arrhenatherum or Helictotrichon 燕麦状的草(尤指燕麦草属或扁芒草属)

oath /əʊθ/ n. (pl. oaths /əʊðz/)  1  a solemn declaration or undertaking (often naming God) as to the truth of something or as a commitment to future action 发誓(常提上帝的名字) 2  a statement or promise contained in an oath 誓言；誓约  oath of allegiance  效忠宣誓 3  a profane or blasphemous utterance; a curse 咒骂；诅咒语 □ take (or swear) an oath   make such a declaration or undertaking 发誓，立誓□ under (or Brit. [英] on) oath   having sworn a solemn oath 经宣誓 [Old English ɑˉth, from Germanic]

oatmeal /ˈəʊtmi:l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  meal made from ground oats used esp. in porridge and oatcakes 用燕麦粉做的膳食(尤指燕麦粥和燕麦饼) 2  a greyish-fawn colour flecked with brown 米灰色 ●adj.  of this colour 米灰色的

OAU abbr.  Organization of African Unity [缩略]非洲统一组织

OB abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  outside broadcast 

ob- /ɒb/ prefix (also oc- before c, of- before f, op- before p 在 c 前亦作 oc-, 在 f 前亦作 of- ，在 p 前亦作 op-) occurring mainly in words of Latin origin, meaning 主要出现在拉丁语词源的词中，意为 :  1  exposure, openness (object 反对 ; obverse 正面) 暴露；公开 2  meeting or facing (occasion 时刻 ; obvious 明显的) 遇见(或面向) 3  direction (oblong 长方形；长椭圆 ; offer 提供) 方向 4  opposition, hostility, or resistance (obstreperous 喧哗的 ; opponent 敌手 ; obstinate 顽固的) 反对；敌意；反抗 5  hindrance, blocking, or concealment (obese 肥胖的 ; obstacle 障碍 ; occult 难理解的) 阻碍；妨碍；隐匿 6  finality or completeness (obsolete 过时的 ; occupy 占领) 终局；定局 7 (in modern technical words 现代技术用语)  inversely; in a direction or manner contrary to the usual (obconical 倒圆锥形的 ; obovate 倒卵形的) 逆的；逆向的；倒形的 [Latin from ob ‘towards, against, in the way of’]

ob. abbr.  he or she died [缩略]他(或她)死了 [Latin obiit]

Obad. abbr.  Obadiah (Old Testament) [缩略] 《俄巴底亚书》(《圣经·旧约》)

obbligato /ɒbliˈɡɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  an accompaniment, usu. special and unusual in effect, forming an integral part of a composition 【音】助奏(通常效果特殊、与众不同)  with violin obbligato  小提琴助奏 [Italian, = obligatory, from Latin obligatus, past part. of obligare (as OBLIGE)]

obconical /ɒbˈkɒnik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 obconic)  in the form of an inverted cone 倒圆锥形的

obcordate /ɒbˈkɔ:deit/ adj. Biol.  in the shape of a heart with the pointed end at the base 【生】倒心形的

obdurate /ˈɒbdjʊrət/ adj.  1  stubborn 顽固的 2  hardened against persuasion or influence 倔强的；执拗的 □ obduracy  n.  □ obdurately  adv.  □ obdurateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin obduratus past part. of obdurare (as OB-, durare ‘harden’ from durus ‘hard’)]

OBE abbr. (in the UK) Officer of the Order of the British Empire [缩略] (英国)获得英帝国勋章的军官

obeah /ˈəʊbiə/ n. (also 亦作 obi /ˈəʊbi/)  a kind of sorcery practised esp. in the West Indies (尤指西印度群岛的)奥比巫术 [West African]

obeche /əʊˈbi:tʃi/ n.  1  a West African tree, Triplochiton scleroxylon 西非白木 2  the light-coloured timber from this 西非白木的木材 [Nigerian name]

obedience /əˈbi:diəns/ n.  1  the practice or quality of being obedient 服从；顺从；孝顺 2  submission to another's rule or authority 屈从；服从 3  compliance with a law or command 遵从(法律或命令) 4 Eccl. 【教会】  a  compliance with a monastic rule 遵守(戒律)b  a sphere of authority (教会)权威辖区  the Roman obedience  天主教辖区 □ in obedience to   actuated by or in accordance with 遵照；服从 [Middle English via Old French from Latin obedientia (as OBEY)]

obedient /əˈbi:diənt/ adj.  1  obeying or ready to obey 屈从的；顺从的；听话的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  submissive to another's will; dutiful 屈从别人意愿的；忠顺的  obedient to the law  遵守法律 □ obediently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin obediens -entis (as OBEY)]

obeisance /ə(ʊ)ˈbeis(ə)ns/ n.  1  a bow, curtsy, or other respectful or submissive gesture 鞠躬；屈膝礼(或其他表示尊敬或顺从的姿态)  make an obeisance  鞠躬；行屈膝礼 2  homage, submission, deference 尊敬；谦恭；顺从  pay obeisance  尊重；尊敬 □ obeisant  adj.   [Middle English from Old French obeissance (as OBEY)]

obeli pl.  of OBELUS  

obelisk /ˈɒb(ə)lisk/ n.  1  a  a tapering usu. four-sided stone pillar set up as a monument or landmark etc. (通常石质，作为纪念碑或界标等的)方尖碑形物b  a mountain, tree, etc., of similar shape 方尖碑状的山(或树) 2  = OBELUS  [Latin obeliscus from Greek obeliskos, diminutive of obelos SPIT2]

obelize /ˈɒb(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  mark with an obelus as spurious etc. 标存疑符号于；指出…为谬误 [Greek obelizō from obelos SPIT2]

obelus /ˈɒb(ə)ləs/ n. (pl. obeli /-lai, -li:/)  1  a symbol (†) used as a reference mark in printed matter or to indicate that a person is deceased 剑号(印刷品中的参照符号或表明该人已故) 2  a mark (－ or ÷) used in ancient manuscripts to mark a word or passage, esp. as spurious (用于古代文稿中的)存疑符号(尤指标出有疑问的词或段落) [Latin from Greek obelos SPIT2]

obese /ə(ʊ)ˈbi:s/ adj.  very overweight; corpulent 超重的；肥胖的 □ obeseness  n.  □ obesity  n.   [Latin obesus (as OB-, edere ‘eat’)]

obey /ə(ʊ)ˈbei/ v.  1 tr.  a  carry out the command of 遵守；听从  you will obey me  你要服从我b  carry out (a command) 执行(命令)  obey orders  执行命令 2 intr.  do what one is told to do 听话 3 tr.  be actuated by (a force or impulse) 被(动力、冲动)所驱使 □ obeyer  n.   [Middle English via Old French obeir from Latin obedire (as OB-, audire ‘hear’)]

obfuscate /ˈɒbfʌskeit/ v. tr.  1  obscure or confuse (a mind, topic, etc.) 使(思想、主题等)混乱；使糊涂 2  stupefy, bewilder 使麻醉；使迷惑 □ obfuscation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ obfuscatory  adj.   [Late Latin obfuscare (as OB-, fuscus ‘dark’)]

obi1 var.  of OBEAH  OBEAH 的变体

obi2 /ˈəʊbi/ n. (pl. obis)  a broad sash worn with a Japanese kimono (日本和服的)宽腰带 [Japanese obi ‘belt’]

obit /ˈɒbit, ˈəʊ-/ n. colloq.  an obituary [口]讣告 [abbreviation]

obiter dictum /ˌɒbitə ˈdiktəm/ n. (pl. obiter dicta /-tə/)  1  a judge's expression of opinion uttered in court or giving judgement, but not essential to the decision and therefore without binding authority 法官的附带意见(对判决并非必要，无约束力) 2  an incidental remark 顺便说的话；附带意见 [Latin, from obiter ‘by the way’ + dictum ‘a thing said’]

obituary /ə(ʊ)ˈbitʃʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a notice of a death or deaths esp. in a newspaper (尤指在报纸上发布的)讣告 2  an account of the life of a deceased person 死者传略 3 (作 attrib.)  of or serving as an obituary 讣告的；关于死亡的 □ obituarial  /-tʃʊˈɛəriəl/ adj.  □ obituarist  n.   [medieval Latin obituarius from Latin obitus ‘death’, from obire obit- ‘die’ (as OB-, ire ‘go’)]

object n. & v. ●n. /ˈɒbdʒikt/  1  a material thing that can be seen or touched 物体；实物 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person or thing to which action or feeling is directed (行为或情感的)对象  the object of attention  引人注目的对象 the object of our study  我们研究的对象 3  a thing sought or aimed at; a purpose 目的；目标；宗旨 4 Gram.  a noun or its equivalent governed by an active transitive verb or by a preposition 【语法】(描述动作的及物动词或介词的)宾语 5 Philos.  a thing external to the thinking mind or subject 【哲】客体；客观；对象 6 derog.  a person or thing of esp. a pathetic or ridiculous appearance [贬] (尤指外表)可怜(或可笑)的人(或物) 7 Computing  a package of information and a description of its manipulation 【计算】信息及操作包 ●v. /əbˈdʒekt/  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to or Brit. [英] against)  express or feel opposition, disapproval, or reluctance; protest 反对，不赞成；反感；抗议  I object to being treated like this  我反对这样对待我 objecting against government policies  反对政府的政策 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  state as an objection 反对说…  objected that they were kept waiting  反对说让他们等得太久了 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to, against, or that + clause)  adduce (a quality or fact) as contrary or damaging (to a case) 提出；举出(性质、事实作为对某一案件的)反对(或不赞成) □ no object   not forming an important or restricting factor 不成问题；不在话下  money no object  钱不成问题□ object of the exercise   the main point of an activity 那样做的目的□ objectless  /ˈɒbdʒik(t)lis/ adj.  □ objector  /əbˈdʒektə/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin objectum ‘thing presented to the mind’, past part. of Latin objicere (as OB-, jacere ject- ‘throw’)]

object-ball n. Billiards  etc. the ball at which a player aims the cue ball 【台球】目标球；宾球

object-glass n.  = OBJECTIVEn. 3 

objectify /ɒbˈdʒektifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make objective; express in a concrete form 使客观化；使具体化 2  present as an object of perception 使成为感知的对象 □ objectification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

objection /əbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an expression or feeling of opposition or disapproval 反对，不赞成 2  the act of objecting 反对(或不赞成)的行为 3  an adverse reason or statement 相反的理由(或陈述) [Middle English from Old French objection or Late Latin objectio (as OBJECT)]

objectionable /əbˈdʒekʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  open to objection 会遭到反对的 2  unpleasant, offensive 令人不愉快的；令人作呕的 □ objectionableness  n.  □ objectionably  /-bli/ adv.  

objective /əbˈdʒektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  external to the mind; actually existing; real 外界的；客观存在的；真实的 2 (of a person, writing, art, etc.) dealing with outward things or exhibiting facts uncoloured by feelings or opinions; not subjective (人、作品、艺术等)客观的；不带感情的；无偏见的 3 Gram. (of a case or word) constructed as or appropriate to the object of a transitive verb or preposition (cf. 参见 ACCUSATIVE) 【语法】(格、词)宾格的 4  aimed at 目标的；目的的  objective point  目标 5 (of symptoms) observed by another and not only felt by the patient (症状)客观的；他觉的 ●n.  1  something sought or aimed at; an objective point 宗旨；目的；目标 2 Gram.  the objective case 【语法】宾格 3 (in full 全称 objective lens)  the lens in a telescope, microscope, etc., nearest to the object observed Also called 亦称作 object-glass (望远镜、显微镜等的)物镜 □ objectival  /ɒbdʒekˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ objectively  adv.  □ objectiveness  n.  □ objectivity  /ɒbdʒekˈtiviti/ n.  □ objectivize  /əbˈdʒektivaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ objectivization  /əbˌdʒektivaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin objectivus (as OBJECT)]

objectivism /əbˈdʒektiviz(ə)m/ n.  1  the tendency to lay stress on what is objective 客观主义倾向 2 Philos.  the belief that certain things (esp. moral truths) exist apart from human knowledge or perception of them 【哲】客观主义(尤指道德的真实性) □ objectivist  n.  □ objectivistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  

object language n.  1  a language described by means of another language (see 见 METALANGUAGE 1) 对象语言，目的语 2 Computing  a language into which a program is translated by means of a compiler or assembler 【计算】目标语言

object lesson n.  a striking practical example of some principle 实物教学课；直观教学课

object of virtu n.  object interesting because of its workmanship, antiquity, rarity, etc. (手艺精良、古老、罕见等的)艺术古玩品

objet d'art /ɒbʒei ˈdɑ:/ n. (pl. objets d'art pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a small decorative object (小)艺术品 [French, literally ‘object of art’]

objurgate /ˈɒbdʒəɡeit/ v. tr. literary  chide or scold [文学用语]斥责，责骂 □ objurgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ objurgatory  /ɒbˈdʒɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin objurgare objurgat- (as OB-, jurgare ‘quarrel’ from jurgium ‘strife’)]

oblanceolate /ɒbˈlɑ:nsiələt/ adj. Bot. (esp. of leaves) lanceolate with the more pointed end at the base 【植】(尤指树叶)倒披针形的

oblate1 /ˈɒbleit/ n.  a person dedicated to a monastic or religious life or work 献身修会(或宗教)生活或工作的人 [French via medieval Latin oblatus from Latin offerre oblat- ‘offer’ (as OB-, ferre ‘bring’)]

oblate2 /ˈɒbleit/ adj. Geom. (of a spheroid) flattened at the poles (cf. 参见 PROLATE 1) 【几】(球状体)扁圆的；椭圆的 [modern Latin oblatus (as OBLATE1)]

oblation /əˈbleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Relig. 【宗】  1  a thing offered to a divine being 祭祀品 2  the presentation of bread and wine to God in the Eucharist (在圣餐会上敬奉给上帝的)面包和果酒 □ oblational  adj.  □ oblatory  /ˈɒblət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French oblation or Late Latin oblatio (as OBLATE1)]

obligate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈɒbliɡeit/  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动， foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  bind (a person) legally or morally (在法律和道义上)使(某人)负义务 2 US  commit (assets) as security [美]抵押(财产) ●adj. /ˈɒbliɡət/ Biol.  that has to be as described 【生】专性的；固性的  obligate parasite  专性寄生虫 □ obligator  n.   [Latin obligare obligat- (as OBLIGE)]

obligation /ɒbliˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the constraining power of a law, precept, duty, contract, etc. (法律、规诫、责任、合同等的)义务 2  a duty; a burdensome task 责任；繁重的工作 3  a binding agreement, esp. one enforceable under legal penalty; a written contract or bond 有约束力的协议(尤指依据法律处罚实施的)；书面的合同或契约 4  a  a service or benefit; a kindness done or received 服务；受益；恩惠；  repay an obligation  还人情债b  indebtedness for this 欠人情  be under an obligation  受恩惠，欠人情债 □ of obligation   obligatory 有义务的；强制性的□ obligational  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin obligatio -onis (as OBLIGE)]

obligatory /əˈbliɡət(ə)ri/ adj.  1  legally or morally binding (法律、道义上)受约束的 2  compulsory and not merely permissive 强制性的；必须的 3  constituting an obligation 有义务的 □ obligatorily  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin obligatorius (as OBLIGE)]

oblige /əˈblaidʒ/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  constrain, compel 强迫；迫使 2  be binding on 对…有约束力 3  a  make indebted by conferring a favour 施惠于，帮忙b (foll. by 后跟 with, or by + verbal noun; also absol. [亦含宾])  gratify, perform a service for 使满足；为…提供服务  oblige me by leaving  通过离开帮了我的忙 obliged with a song  唱了首歌 will you oblige?  你能帮忙吗？ 4 (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to)  be indebted 感激  am obliged to you for your help  感激你的帮助 5 (foll. by 后跟 to, or to + infin.) archaic or Law  bind by oath, promise, contract, etc. [古义]【法律】受誓言(诺言、合同等)约束 □ much obliged   an expression of thanks 不胜感谢□ obliger  n.   [Middle English via Old French obliger from Latin obligare (as OB-, ligare ‘bind’)]

obligee /ɒbliˈdʒi:/ n. Law  a person to whom another is bound by contract or other legal procedure (cf. 参见 OBLIGOR) 【法律】债权人，权利人

obliging /əˈblaidʒiŋ/ adj.  courteous, accommodating; ready to do a service or kindness 有礼貌的；与人方便的，乐于助人的，乐于施惠的 □ obligingly  adv.  □ obligingness  n.  

obligor /ˈɒbliɡɔ:, ɒbliˈɡɔ:/ n. Law  a person who is bound to another by contract or other legal procedure (cf. 参见 OBLIGEE) 【法律】债务人，义务人

oblique /əˈbli:k/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  slanting; declining from the vertical or horizontal 斜的；倾斜的b  diverging from a straight line or course 偏斜的 2  not going straight to the point; roundabout, indirect 不直截了当的，转弯抹角的；间接的 3 Geom. 【几】  a (of a line, plane figure, or surface) inclined at other than a right angle (直线、平面图形或平面)斜的；倾斜的(而不是直角的)b (of an angle) acute or obtuse 锐角的；钝角的c (of a cone, cylinder, etc.) with an axis not perpendicular to the plane of its base (圆锥体，圆柱体等)偏斜的 4 Anat. (esp. of a muscle) neither parallel nor perpendicular to the long axis of a body or limb 【解】(尤指肌肉)斜的 5 Bot. (of a leaf) with unequal sides 【植】(树叶)偏斜的 6 Gram.  denoting any case other than the nominative or vocative 【语法】(除主格或呼格外)间接格的 ●n.  1 Brit.  an oblique stroke (/) [英]斜线 (/) 2  an oblique muscle 斜肌 ●v. intr. (obliques, obliqued, obliquing) esp. Mil.  advance obliquely (尤)【军】斜行进 □ obliquely  adv.  □ obliqueness  n.  □ obliquity  /əˈblikwiti/ n.   [Middle English via French from Latin obliquus]

oblique oration n. (also 亦作 oblique speech)  = REPORTED SPEECH 

obliterate /əˈblitəreit/ v. tr.  1  a  blot out; efface, erase, destroy 涂掉；抹去；擦掉；毁灭b  leave no clear traces of 忘掉；忘却 2  deface (a postage stamp etc.) to prevent further use 盖销(邮票等) □ obliteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ obliterative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ obliterator  n.   [Latin obliterare (as OB-, litera LETTER)]

oblivion /əˈbliviən/ n.  1  a  the state of forgetting or having forgotten 遗忘(的状态)；忘了；忘记b  the state of being forgotten 被忘掉的状态  return to oblivion  被忘却 2  an amnesty or pardon 大赦；原谅 □ fall into oblivion   be forgotten or disused 渐渐忘却；废弃 [Middle English via Old French from Latin oblivio -onis, from oblivisci ‘forget’]

oblivious /əˈbliviəs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  forgetful, unmindful 遗忘的；不注意的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, of)  unaware or unconscious of 无知觉的；没意识到的 □ obliviously  adv.  □ obliviousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin obliviosus (as OBLIVION)]

oblong /ˈɒblɒŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  deviating from a square form by having one long axis, esp. rectangular with adjacent sides unequal 长方形的 2  greater in breadth than in height 长方形的；长椭圆形的 ●n.  an oblong figure or object 长方形(长椭圆形)的图形(或物体) [Middle English from Latin oblongus ‘longish’ (as OB-, longus ‘long’)]

obloquy /ˈɒbləkwi/ n.  1  the state of being generally ill spoken of 恶名；耻辱 2  abuse, detraction 辱骂；贬低 [Middle English via Late Latin obloquium ‘contradiction’ from Latin obloqui ‘deny’ (as OB-, loqui ‘speak’)]

obnoxious /əbˈnɒkʃəs/ adj.  offensive, objectionable, disliked 可憎的；令人讨厌的，不喜欢的 □ obnoxiously  adv.  □ obnoxiousness  n.   [originally = vulnerable (to harm), from Latin obnoxiosus or obnoxius (as OB-, noxa ‘harm’: associated with NOXIOUS)]

obo abbr. N. Amer.  or best offer [缩略] [北美]或最好的出价

oboe /ˈəʊbəʊ/ n.  1  a  a woodwind double-reed instrument of treble pitch and plaintive incisive tone 双簧管(一种木管乐器，双簧，音调极高，声音哀怨尖锐)b  an oboe-player 双簧管演奏者 2  an organ stop with a quality resembling an oboe (发出似双簧管音的)风琴音栓 □ oboist  /ˈəʊbəʊist/ n.   [Italian oboe or French hautbois, from haut ‘high’ + bois ‘wood’]

oboe d'amore /ˌəʊbəʊ dæˈmɔ:rei/ n.  an oboe wth a pear-shaped bell and mellow tone, pitched a minor third below a normal oboe, commonly used in baroque music 柔音双簧管 [Italian, literally ‘oboe of love’]

obol /ˈɒb(ə)l/ n.  an ancient Greek coin, equal to one-sixth of a drachma 奥波尔(一种古希腊的硬币，等于 1/6 德拉克马) [Latin obolus from Greek obolos, variant of obelos OBELUS]

obovate /ɒbˈəʊveit/ adj. Biol. (of a leaf) ovate with the narrower end at the base 【生】(树叶)倒卵形的

obscene /əbˈsi:n/ adj.  1  offensively or repulsively indecent, esp. by offending accepted sexual morality 淫秽的；猥亵的；下流的(尤指违反现存的性道德观) 2 colloq.  highly offensive or repugnant [口]令人讨厌的；可憎的  an obscene accumulation of wealth  丑恶的财富积累 3 Brit. Law (of a publication) tending to deprave or corrupt [英]【法律】(出版物)伤风败俗的；淫秽的 □ obscenely  adv.   [French obscène or Latin obsc(a)enus ‘ill-omened, abominable’]

obscenity /əbˈseniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being obscene 淫秽；下流；可憎 2  an obscene action, word, etc. (行为、话语等)猥亵；淫话 [Latin obscaenitas (as OBSCENE)]

obscurantism /ɒbskjʊˈræntiz(ə)m/ n.  opposition to knowledge and enlightenment 蒙昧主义 □ obscurant  /ɒbˈskjʊər(ə)nt/ n.  □ obscurantist  n. & adj.   [from obscurant, via German from Latin obscurans, from obscurare: see OBSCURE]

obscure /əbˈskjʊə/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  not clearly expressed or easily understood 晦涩的；难解的 2  vague, uncertain 含糊的；不确定的 3  dark, dim 黑暗的；黯淡的 4  indistinct; not clear 朦胧的；不清楚的 5  hidden; remote from observation 隐蔽的；偏僻的 6  a  unnoticed 未被注意的，被忽视的b (of a person) undistinguished, hardly known (指人)无名的；默默无闻的 7 (of a colour) dingy, dull, indefinite (颜色)失去光泽的；阴暗的；模糊的 ●v. tr.  1  make obscure, dark, indistinct, or unintelligible 使模糊；使变暗，使不清楚；使难解 2  dim the glory of; outshine 使不显著；使失色 3  conceal from sight 遮掩；遮盖 □ obscuration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ obscurely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French obscur from Latin obscurus ‘dark’]

obscure vowel n.  = INDETERMINATE VOWEL 

obscurity /əbˈskjʊəriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being obscure 晦涩；费解 2  an obscure person or thing 默默无闻的人(或事) [French obscurité from Latin obscuritas (as OBSCURE)]

obsecration /ɒbsiˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  earnest entreaty 祈求；恳求 [Middle English from Latin obsecratio, from obsecrare ‘entreat’ (as OB-, sacrare from sacer sacri ‘sacred’)]

obsequies /ˈɒbsikwiz/ n. pl.  1  funeral rites 葬礼仪式；出殡仪式 2  a funeral 丧葬 □ obsequial  /əbˈsi:kwiəl/ adj.   [Middle English, pl. of obsolete obsequy, from Anglo-French obsequie, Old French obseque via medieval Latin obsequiae from Latin exsequiae ‘funeral rites’ (see EXEQUIES): associated with obsequium (see OBSEQUIOUS)]

obsequious /əbˈsi:kwiəs/ adj.  servilely obedient or attentive 巴结的，奉承的；顺从的 □ obsequiously  adv.  □ obsequiousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin obsequiosus, from obsequium ‘compliance’ (as OB-, sequi ‘follow’)]

observance /əbˈzɜ:v(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or process of keeping or performing a law, duty, custom, ritual, etc. (对法律、责任、风俗、仪式等的)遵守 2  an act of a religious or ceremonial character; a customary rite (宗教或礼仪性的)典礼；礼拜式 3  the rule of a religious order (宗教的)规则 4 archaic  respect, deference [古义]尊敬；顺从 [Middle English via Old French from Latin observantia (as OBSERVE)]

observant /əbˈzɜ:v(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  acute or diligent in taking notice 观察敏锐的；善于观察的 2  attentive in esp. religious observances (尤指在宗教仪式上)当心的，注意的  an observant Jew  一位谨慎小心的犹太教徒 ●n. (作 Observant)  a member of the branch of the Franciscan order that observes the strict rule (严格遵守会规的)方济各会修士 □ observantly  adv.   [French (as OBSERVE)]

observation /ɒbzəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of noticing; the condition of being noticed 观察；觉察 2  perception; the faculty of taking notice 领悟力；观察力 3  a remark or statement, esp. one that is of the nature of a comment (尤指带评论性的)言论；声明 4  a  the accurate watching and noting of a phenomenon etc. for the purpose of scientific investigation (为科学调查目的而对某一现象等的)严密观察(观测)b  a measurement or other result so obtained (由观察所获得的)数据(或其他结果)c  the noting of the symptoms of a patient, the behaviour of a suspect, etc. (对病人症状的)观察；(对嫌疑人等行为的)监视 5  the taking of the sun's or another celestial body's altitude to find a latitude or longitude 测天(以某地太阳或其他天体的高度为标准测出其纬度或经度) 6 Mil.  the watching of a fortress or hostile position or movements 【军】(对堡垒、敌人阵地或活动的)侦察 □ under observation   being watched or monitored 处于监视(或监控)之下□ observational  adj.  □ observationally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin observatio (as OBSERVE)]

observation car n. esp. N. Amer.  a carriage in a train built so as to afford good views [尤北美] (可供观赏风景的)瞭望车

observation post n. Mil.  a post for watching the effect of artillery fire etc. 【军】(观察炮火等效果的)哨位；观察哨

observatory /əbˈzɜ:vət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a room or building equipped for the observation of natural, esp. astronomical or meteorological, phenomena (尤指观测自然现象、天体、气象的)观象台；观测台；天文台；气象台 [modern Latin observatorium from Latin observare (as OBSERVE)]

observe /əbˈzɜ:v/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that, how + clause)  perceive, note; take notice of; become conscious of 认识到；观察到；注意到；觉察到 2 tr.  watch carefully 仔细观察 3 tr.  a  follow or adhere to (a law, command, method, principle, etc.) 遵守；奉行(法律、命令、方法、原则等)b  keep or adhere to (an appointed time) 遵循(指定时间)，守时c  maintain (silence) 保持(沉默)d  duly perform (a rite) 按时举行(仪式)e  celebrate (an anniversary) 庆祝(周年纪念) 4 tr.  examine and note (phenomena) without the aid of experiment (不借助于试验)检测并记录(某种现象) 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  say, esp. by way of comment 说(尤指评论) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  make a remark or remarks about 评论，评述 □ observable  adj.  □ observably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French observer from Latin observare ‘watch’ (as OB-, servare ‘keep’)]

observer /əbˈzɜ:və/ n.  1  a person who observes 观察者 2  an interested spectator (有利害关系的)旁观者 3  a person who attends a conference etc. to note the proceedings but does not participate (出席会议等的)观察员 4  a  a person trained to notice and identify aircraft (观察和识别飞机的)飞行观察员b  a person carried in an aeroplane to note the enemy's position etc. (在飞机上观察敌人阵地等的)侦察员

obsess /əbˈses/ v.  1 tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  preoccupy, haunt; fill the mind of (a person) continually 使全神贯注；使着迷；缠住(某人) 2 intr. US [美] (foll. by 后跟 on, over)  be continually preoccupied with 被…困扰；全神贯注于 □ obsessive  adj. & n.  □ obsessively  adv.  □ obsessiveness  n.   [Latin obsidēre obsess- (as OB-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

obsession /əbˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of obsessing or the state of being obsessed 着迷的行为(或被困扰的状态) 2  a persistent idea or thought dominating a person's mind 困扰人的想法(或思想) 3  a condition in which such ideas are present 受困扰的情况 □ obsessional  adj.  □ obsessionalism  n.  □ obsessionally  adv.   [Latin obsessio (as OBSESS)]

obsidian /əbˈsidiən/ n.  a dark glassy volcanic rock formed from hardened lava 黑曜岩 [Latin obsidianus, error for obsianus, from Obsius, the name (in Pliny) of the discoverer of a similar stone]

obsolescent /ɒbsəˈles(ə)nt/ adj.  becoming obsolete; going out of use or date 逐步废弃的；快要不用的；即将过时的 □ obsolescence  n.   [Latin obsolescere obsolescent- (as OB-, solēre ‘be accustomed’)]

obsolete /ˈɒbsəli:t/ adj.  1  disused, discarded, antiquated 不用的；抛弃的；过时的 2 Biol.  less developed than formerly or than in a cognate species; rudimentary 【生】废退的；退化的 □ obsoletely  adv.  □ obsoleteness  n.  □ obsoletism  n.   [Latin obsoletus, past part. of obsolescere (as OBSOLESCENT)]

obstacle /ˈɒbstək(ə)l/ n.  a person or thing that obstructs progress 阻碍进步的人(或事) [Middle English via Old French from Latin obstaculum, from obstare ‘impede’ (as OB-, stare ‘stand’)]

obstacle race n.  a race in which various obstacles have to be negotiated 障碍赛跑

obstetric /əbˈstetrik/ adj. (also 亦作 obstetrical)  of or relating to childbirth and associated processes (有关)分娩的；(有关)产科的 □ obstetrically  adv.  □ obstetrician  /-stəˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin obstetricus for Latin obstetricius, via obstetrix ‘midwife’ from obstare ‘be present’ (as OB-, stare ‘stand’)]

obstetrics /əbˈstetriks/ n.  the branch of medicine and surgery concerned with childbirth and midwifery 产科学

obstinate /ˈɒbstinət/ adj.  1  stubborn, intractable 顽固的；倔强的 2  firmly adhering to one's chosen course of action or opinion despite dissuasion 执拗的；不让步的 3  inflexible, self-willed 不屈服的；固执的 4  unyielding; not readily responding to treatment etc. 顽强的；难治的 □ obstinacy  n.  □ obstinately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin obstinatus, past part. of obstinare ‘persist’ (as OB-, stare ‘stand’)]

obstreperous /əbˈstrep(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  turbulent, unruly; noisily resisting control 骚乱的；不守秩序的；难控制的 2  noisy, vociferous 喧闹的；大喊大叫的 □ obstreperously  adv.  □ obstreperousness  n.   [Latin obstreperus from obstrepere (as OB-, strepere ‘make a noise’)]

obstruct /əbˈstrʌkt/ v. tr.  1  block up; make hard or impossible to pass along or through 阻碍；阻塞；堵塞 2  prevent or retard the progress of; impede 阻止(进步)；延迟；妨碍 □ obstructor  n.   [Latin obstruere obstruct- (as OB-, struere ‘build’)]

obstruction /əbˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of blocking; the state of being blocked 阻碍；受阻 2  the act of making or the state of becoming more or less impassable (制造)阻碍(状态)的行为 3  an obstacle or blockage 障碍物；阻塞物 4  the retarding of progress by deliberate delays, esp. of parliamentary business (故意)延迟(尤指议会)事务的进程 5 Sport  the act of unlawfully obstructing another player 【运动】阻挡行为 6 Med.  a blockage in a bodily passage, esp. in an intestine 【医】梗阻(尤指肠梗阻) □ obstructionism  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)  □ obstructionist  n. (in sense 4 用于释义 4)   [Latin obstructio (as OBSTRUCT)]

obstructive /əbˈstrʌktiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  causing or intended to cause an obstruction 导致(或故意造成)阻碍的 ●n.  an obstructive person or thing 造成障碍的人(或物) □ obstructively  adv.  □ obstructiveness  n.  

obtain /əbˈtein/ v.  1 tr.  acquire, secure; have granted to one 获得；弄到；得到 2 intr.  be prevalent or established or in vogue 通用；得到公认；流行 □ obtainable  adj.  □ obtainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ obtainer  n.  □ obtainment  n.  □ obtention  /əbˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French obtenir from Latin obtinēre obtent- ‘keep’ (as OB-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

obtrude /əbˈtru:d/ v.  1 intr.  be or become obtrusive 闯入；打扰 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  thrust forward (oneself, one's opinion, etc.) importunately 将(某人的观点等)强加于人 □ obtruder  n.  □ obtrusion  /-ˈtru:ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin obtrudere obtrus- (as OB-, trudere ‘push’)]

obtrusive /əbˈtru:siv/ adj.  1  unpleasantly or unduly noticeable 引人注目的(常令人不适) 2  obtruding oneself 强加于人的 □ obtrusively  adv.  □ obtrusiveness  n.   [as OBTRUDE]

obtund /əbˈtʌnd/ v. tr.  blunt or deaden (a sense or faculty) 使(感觉或机能)迟钝；使缓和 [Middle English from Latin obtundere obtus- (as OB-, tundere ‘beat’)]

obtuse /əbˈtju:s/ adj.  1  dull-witted; slow to understand 愚钝的；迟钝的 2  of blunt form; not sharp-pointed or sharp-edged 钝的；不尖利的；不快的 3 (of an angle) more than 90° and less than 180° 钝角的(大于 90 度小于 180 度) 4 (of pain or the senses) dull; not acute (疼痛或感觉)隐约的；不剧烈的 □ obtusely  adv.  □ obtuseness  n.  □ obtusity  n.   [Latin obtusus, past part. of obtundere (as OBTUND)]

obverse /ˈɒbvɜ:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the side of a coin or medal etc. bearing the head or principal design (钱币或奖章等的印有人头或主要图案的)正面b  this design (cf. 参见 REVERSE) 正面的图案 2  the front or proper or top side of a thing (事物的)前面；本来的一面；主要的一面 3  the counterpart of a fact or truth (真相或实情的)相应面；对应物 ●adj.  1 Biol.  narrower at the base or point of attachment than at the apex or top (see 见 OB- 7) 【生】底部变窄的；倒置的 2  answering as the counterpart to something else (对其他事物)起对应物作用的 □ obversely  adv.   [Latin obversus, past part. of obvertere (as OBVERT)]

obvert /əbˈvɜ:t/ v. tr. Logic  alter (a proposition) so as to infer another proposition with a contradictory predicate, e.g. no men are immortal to all men are mortal 【逻辑学】反换(命题) (如把“没有人是永生的”换质为“人不免一死”) □ obversion  n.   [Latin obvertere obvers- (as OB-, vertere ‘turn’)]

obviate /ˈɒbvieit/ v. tr.  get round or do away with (a need, inconvenience, etc.) 避免；排除(需求、不便等) □ obviation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin obviare ‘oppose’ (as OB-, via ‘way’)]

obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ adj.  easily seen or recognized or understood; palpable, indubitable 显而易见的，显然的；明明白白的，明显的；无疑的 □ obviously  adv.  □ obviousness  n.   [Latin obvius, from ob viam ‘in the way’]

OC abbr.  Officer Commanding [缩略]指挥官

oc- /ɒk/ prefix  assim. form of OB- before c (用在 c 前) OB- 的同化形式

ocarina /ɒkəˈri:nə/ n.  a small egg-shaped ceramic (usu. terracotta) or metal wind instrument (通常陶土质的)奥卡里那笛 [Italian, from oca ‘goose’ (from its shape)]

Occam's razor /ˈɒkəmz/ n.  the principle attributed to the English philosopher William of Occam (d. c. 1350) that the fewest possible assumptions are to be made in explaining a thing 奥卡姆剃刀(英格兰哲学家奥卡姆所提出，用最少的假定解释事物的原则)

occasion /əˈkeiʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a special or noteworthy event or happening 特殊(重大的)事件  dressed for the occasion  为重大的活动而装扮b  the time or occurrence of this 发生重大事件的时候(时刻)  on the occasion of their marriage  在他们结婚的重大时刻 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  a reason, ground, or justification 理由，根据；起因  there is no occasion to be angry  没有理由生气 3  a juncture suitable for doing something; an opportunity 时机；机会 4  an immediate but subordinate or incidental cause 直接(但是次要的或偶然的)原因  the assassination was the occasion of the war  暗杀是这场战争的直接原因 ●v. tr.  1  be the occasion or cause of; bring about esp. incidentally 引起；(尤指偶然)导致 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  cause (a person or thing to do something) 引起(某人或某物做某事) □ on occasion   now and then; when the need arises 有时；间或；必要时□ rise to the occasion   produce the necessary will, energy, ability, etc., in unusually demanding circumstances 应付自如(以必要的意志、精力、能力等应付异常情况)□ take occasion  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  make use of the opportunity 利用机会；乘机 [Middle English from Old French occasion or Latin occasio ‘juncture, reason’, from occidere occas- ‘go down’ (as OB-, cadere ‘fall’)]

occasional /əˈkeiʒ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  happening irregularly and infrequently 偶尔的，偶然的；间或发生的 2  made or meant for, or associated with, a particular occasion 为特殊场合(制造)的；与特殊场合有关的  occasional hymn  应景圣歌 3  employed for a particular occasion or on an irregular basis 为重大活动雇用的；临时的  career as an occasional soloist  以在庆典时做独奏者为职业 □ occasionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ occasionally  adv.  

occasional cause n.  a secondary cause; an occasion (see 见 OCCASION n. 4) 次要原因；偶因

occasional table n.  a small table for infrequent and varied use 临时茶几

Occident /ˈɒksid(ə)nt/ n. poet. or literary [诗] [文学用语] (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the West 西方国家 2  western Europe 西欧 3  Europe, America, or both, as distinct from the Orient 欧洲，美国；欧美(以区别于东方) 4  European or Western in contrast to oriental civilization (与东方文明相对的)欧洲(或西方)文明 [Middle English via Old French from Latin occidens -entis ‘setting, sunset, west’ (as OCCASION)]

occidental /ɒksiˈdent(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the Occident, as distinct from oriental 西方的(以区别于东方的) 2  western 西部的 3  of western Europe 西欧的 4  relating to European or Western (in contrast to oriental) civilization (与东方文明相对的)欧洲(西方)文明的 ●n. (Occidental)  a native or inhabitant of the Occident 欧美人(居民)；西方人(居民) □ occidentalism  n.  □ occidentalist  n.  □ occidentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ occidentally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French occidental or Latin occidentalis (as OCCIDENT)]

occipito- /ɒkˈsipitəʊ/ comb. form  the back of the head [构词成分]枕骨 [as OCCIPUT]

occiput /ˈɒksipʌt/ n.  the back of the head 枕(骨)部；后头 □ occipital  /-ˈsipit(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin occiput (as OB-, caput ‘head’)]

Occitan /ˈɒksit(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  the Provençal language (法国)普罗旺斯语 □ Occitanian  /-ˈteiniən/ n. & adj.   [French: cf. LANGUE D'OC]

occlude /əˈklu:d/ v. tr.  1  stop up or close (pores or an orifice); obstruct (a passage) 使闭塞；挡住(气孔、孔口)；堵塞(通道) 2 Chem.  absorb and retain (gases or impurities) 【化】吸留(气体或杂质) [Latin occludere occlus- (as OB-, claudere ‘shut’)]

occluded front n. Meteorol.  a front resulting from occlusion 【气】锢囚锋

occlusion /əˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of occluding 堵塞 2 Meteorol.  a phenomenon in which the cold front of a depression overtakes the warm front, causing upward displacement of warm air between them 【气】锢囚(锋) 3 Dentistry  the position of the teeth when the jaws are closed 【牙科学】咬合 4  the blockage or closing of a hollow organ etc. (内脏器官等的)闭合；闭塞  coronary occlusion  冠状动脉闭塞 □ occlusive  adj.  

occult adj. & v. ●adj. /ɒˈkʌlt, ˈɒkʌlt/  1  involving the supernatural; mystical, magical 超自然的；神秘的；不可思议的 2  kept secret; esoteric 秘密的；秘传的 3  recondite, mysterious; beyond the range of ordinary knowledge 深奥的，玄妙的；难理解的 4 Med.  not obvious on inspection 【医】潜隐的；隐的 ●v. tr. /ɒˈkʌlt/ Astron. (of a celestial body) conceal (an apparently smaller body) from view by passing or being in front of it 【天】(天体)遮掩(明显小的星体) □ the occult   occult phenomena generally 神秘学□ occultation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ occultism  n.  □ occultist  n.  □ occultly  adv.  □ occultness  n.   [Latin occulere occult- (as OB-, celare ‘hide’)]

occulting light n.  a lighthouse light that is cut off at regular intervals 明暗灯(光)

occupant /ˈɒkjʊp(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person who occupies, resides in, or is in a place etc. 占有者；居住者；(某地等的)占有人  both occupants of the car were unhurt  车内两人均未受伤 2  a person holding property, esp. land, in actual possession 财产(尤指土地的)实际占有者 3  a person who establishes a title by taking possession of something previously without an established owner 先占取得者(先于他人占有无主物而取得该物所有权) □ occupancy  n. (pl. -ies)   [French occupant or Latin occupans -antis (as OCCUPY)]

occupation /ɒkjʊˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  what occupies one; a means of passing one's time 日常事务；消遣 2  a person's temporary or regular employment; a business, calling, or pursuit 职业；生意；行业；工作 3  the act of occupying or state of being occupied 占有 4  a  the act of taking or holding possession of (a country, district, etc.) by military force (通过军事力量)占领；占据(国家或地区等)b  the state or time of this 占领的状态(或占领期) 5  tenure, occupancy 占有期；居住期 6 (作 attrib.)  for the sole use of the occupiers of the land concerned (为占有这片土地者)单独使用的  occupation road  专用路；私家路 [Middle English via Anglo-French ocupacioun, Old French occupation from Latin occupatio -onis (as OCCUPY)]

occupational /ɒkjʊˈpeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or in the nature of an occupation or occupations 职业的；工作的；军事占领的 2 (of a disease, hazard, etc.) rendered more likely by one's occupation (疾病、危险等)由职业而造成的

occupational therapy n.  mental or physical activity designed to assist recovery from disease or injury 职业疗法(以帮助从疾病或伤害中恢复的精神或身体活动) □ occupational therapist  n.  

occupier /ˈɒkjʊpaiə/ n. Brit.  a person residing in a property as its owner or tenant [英] (土地或房屋的)拥有者；占用人

occupy /ˈɒkjʊpai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  reside in; be the tenant of 居住；占用 2  take up or fill (space or time or a place) 占，占有(空间、时间或地点) 3  hold (a position or office) 担任(职位、官职) 4  take military possession of (a country, region, town, strategic position) (军事)占领(国家、地区、城镇或战略阵地) 5  place oneself in (a building etc.) forcibly or without authority 强制性占用(建筑物等) 6 (usu. 通常 refl. or in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 in , with)  keep busy or engaged 使忙碌；使从事 [Middle English via Old French occuper from Latin occupare ‘seize’ (as OB-, capere ‘take’)]

occur /əˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (occurred, occurring)  1  come into being as an event or process at or during some time; happen 出现；发生 2  exist or be encountered in some place or conditions 存在；出现 3 (foll. by 后跟 to; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  come into the mind of, esp. as an unexpected or casual thought 想起(尤指意外的或偶然的想法)  it occurred to me that you were right  我刚想到你是对的 [Latin occurrere ‘go to meet, present itself’ (as OB-, currere ‘run’)]

occurrence /əˈkʌr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of occurring 发生的行为(或事件) 2  an incident or event 事变；小事；事件 □ of frequent occurrence   often occurring 经常发生 [occurrent ‘that occurs’, via French from Latin occurrens -entis (as OCCUR)]

ocean /ˈəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a large expanse of sea, esp. each of the main areas called the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans 海洋(尤指大西洋，太平洋，印度洋，北冰洋及南部海洋)b  these regarded cumulatively as the body of water surrounding the land of the globe 洋(围绕地球陆地的水域的总称) 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the sea 大海 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a very large expanse or quantity of anything 一大片；广阔无垠  oceans of time  大量的时间 □ oceanward  adv. (also 亦作 -wards)   [Middle English via Old French occean and Latin oceanus from Greek ōkeanos ‘the great stream encircling the earth's disc, the Atlantic’]

oceanarium /əʊʃəˈnɛəriəm/ n. (pl. oceanariums or oceanaria /-riə/)  a large sea water aquarium for keeping sea animals 大型海洋水族馆 [OCEAN + -ARIUM, on the pattern of aquarium]

ocean-going adj. (of a ship) designed to cross oceans (轮船)远洋的；航行于外洋的

Oceania /əʊsiˈɑ:niə, əʊʃi-/ n.  the islands of the Pacific and adjacent seas 大洋洲 □ Oceanian  adj. & n.   [modern Latin via French Océanie from Latin (as OCEAN)]

oceanic /əʊʃiˈænik, əʊsi-/ adj.  1  of, like, or near the ocean 海洋的；海洋般的；海洋附近的 2 (of a climate) governed by the ocean (气候)受海洋控制的；海洋性气候的 3  of the part of the ocean distant from the continents (远离大陆的)海洋的 4 (作 Oceanic)  of Oceania 大洋洲的

Oceanid /əʊˈsi:ənid, ˈəʊʃ(ə)nid/ n. (pl. Oceanids or Oceanides /əʊsiˈænidi:z, əʊʃi-/) (in Greek mythology) an ocean nymph (希腊神话)俄刻阿尼得(大洋女神) [Greek ōkeanis -idos ‘daughter of Oceanus’, the god of the sea]

oceanography /əʊʃəˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  the study of the oceans 海洋学 □ oceanographer  n.  □ oceanographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ oceanographical  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

ocean tramp n.  a merchant ship, esp. a steamer, running on no regular line or route 商船(尤指不定期或无一定航线的远洋货轮)

ocellus /əˈseləs/ n. (pl. ocelli /-lai, -li:/) Zool. 【动】  1  = SIMPLE EYE  2  = EYE-SPOT 1a  □ ocellar  adj.  □ ocellate  /ˈɒsilət/ adj.  □ ocellated  /ˈɒsileitid/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of oculus ‘eye’]

ocelot /ˈɒsilɒt, ˈəʊs-/ n.  1  a medium-sized cat, Felis pardalis, native to S. and Central America, having a deep yellow or orange coat with black striped and spotted markings 豹猫(中等大小，原产于美洲中南部，有深黄色或橙色皮毛，带黑色条纹和斑点) 2  its fur 豹猫皮 [French from Nahuatl ocelotl ‘jaguar’]

och /ɒk, ɒx/ int. Sc. & Ir.  expressing surprise or regret [苏格兰和爱尔兰]啊！哦！呀！ (表达惊讶或遗憾) [Gaelic & Irish]

oche /ˈɒki/ n. (also 亦作 hockey /ˈɒki, ˈhɒki/) Darts  the line behind which the players stand when throwing 【飞镖】投掷线(投者在掷飞镖时站在线后) [20th c.: origin uncertain (perhaps connected with Old French ocher ‘cut a deep notch in’)]

ocher US var.  of OCHRE [美] OCHRE 的变体

ochlocracy /ɒkˈlɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  mob rule 暴民政治 □ ochlocrat  /ˈɒkləkræt/ n.  □ ochlocratic  /ɒkləˈkrætik/ adj.   [French ochlocratie from Greek okhlokratia, from okhlos ‘mob’]

ochone /əʊˈhəʊn, ɒˈxəʊn/ int. (also 亦作 ohone) Sc. & Ir.  expressing regret or lament [苏格兰和爱尔兰]唉！哎哟！ (表示遗憾或悔恨) [Gaelic & Irish ochóin]

ochre /ˈəʊkə/ n. & adj. (US [美] ocher) ●n.  1  a mineral of clay and ferric oxide, used as a pigment varying from light yellow to brown or red 赭石(用作颜料，从浅黄到棕色或红色) 2  a pale brownish yellow 浅黄褐色 ●adj.  of the colour of ochre, esp. pale brownish yellow 赭石色的(尤指浅黄褐色) □ ochreish  adj.  □ ochreous  /ˈəʊkriəs/ adj.  □ ochrous  /ˈəʊkrəs/ adj.  □ ochry  /ˈəʊkri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French ocre and Latin ochra from Greek ōkhra ‘yellow ochre’]

-ock /ək/ suffix  forming nouns originally with diminutive sense (hillock 小山 ; bullock 小公牛) 构成名词，表示“小” [from or suggested by Old English -uc, -oc]

ocker /ˈɒkə/ n. Austral. slang  a boorish or aggressive Australian (esp. as a stereotype) [澳] [俚语]无教养的(或粗鲁的)澳大利亚人(尤作为一种陈规老套) [alteration of Oscar, used as the name of a character in an Australian television series]

o'clock /əˈklɒk/ adv.  of the clock (used to specify the hour) (用作说明小时)…点钟 (6 o'clock 6 点钟)

ocotillo /əʊkəˈti:jəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US  a spiny scarlet-flowered desert shrub, Fouquiera splendens, of Mexico and the south-western US [尤美]墨西哥刺木(生长在墨西哥和美国西南部，开鲜红色花朵) [American Spanish, diminutive from Nahuatl ocotl ‘torch’]

OCR abbr.  optical character recognition [缩略]光学字符识别

Oct. abbr. [缩略]  October 

oct- /ɒkt/ comb. form  assim. form of OCTA-, OCTO- before a vowel [构词成分] (用在元音字母前) OCTA- ， OCTO- 的同化形式

oct. abbr. [缩略]  octavo 

octa- /ˈɒktə/ comb. form (also 亦作 oct- before a vowel 用在元音字母前)  eight [构词成分]八 [Greek okta- from oktō ‘eight’]

octad /ˈɒktæd/ n.  a group of eight 8 个一组 [Late Latin octas octad- from Greek oktas -ados, from oktō ‘eight’]

octagon /ˈɒktəɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a plane figure with eight sides and angles 八边形；八角形 2  an object or building with this cross-section (截面为)八角形的物体(或建筑) □ octagonal  /-ˈtæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ octagonally  /-ˈtæɡ(ə)n(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin octagonos from Greek octagōnos (as OCTA-, -GON)]

octahedron /ɒktəˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. octahedra /-drə/ or octahedrons)  1  a solid figure contained by eight (esp. triangular) plane faces 八面体(尤指每一面为三角形的八面体) 2  a body, esp. a crystal, in the form of a regular octahedron 正八面体(尤指水晶) □ octahedral  adj.   [Greek oktaedron (as OCTA-, -HEDRON)]

octal /ˈɒkt(ə)l/ adj.  reckoning or proceeding by eights 八进制的  octal scale  八进位制

octamerous /ɒkˈtæm(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 esp. Bot.  having eight parts (尤)【植】由八个部分组成的 2 Zool.  having organs arranged in eights 【动】八射的，八放的

octane /ˈɒktein/ n.  a colourless inflammable hydrocarbon of the alkane series Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C8H18 辛烷 [OCT- + -ANE2]

octane number n. (also 亦作 octane rating)  a figure indicating the antiknock properties of a fuel 辛烷值(显示燃料抗爆性)

octant /ˈɒkt(ə)nt/ n.  1  an arc of a circle equal to one-eighth of the circumference 八分圆 2  such an arc with two radii, forming an area equal to one-eighth of the circle 八分弧 3  each of eight parts into which three planes intersecting (esp. at right angles) at a point divide the space or the solid body round it 卦限(八部分之一，尤指三个平面以直角相交，把空间分成八个部分) 4  an instrument in the form of a graduated eighth of a circle, used in astronomy and navigation 八分仪 [Latin octans octant- ‘half-quadrant’, from octo ‘eight’]

octaroon var.  of OCTOROON  OCTOROON 的变体

octastyle /ˈɒktəstail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having eight columns at the end or in front 有八个柱子的 ●n.  an octastyle portico or building 八柱式门廊(或建筑物) [Latin octastylus from Greek oktastulos (as OCTA- + stulos ‘pillar’)]

octavalent /ɒktəˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of eight 【化】八价的 [OCTA- + VALENCE1]

octave /ˈɒktiv/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice or half the frequency of vibration of the other 八度b  this interval 八度音程c  each of the two notes at the extremes of this interval (高低)八度音d  these two notes sounding together 八度和音 2  a group or stanza of eight lines; an octet 八行诗体；八行诗；(十四行诗的)前八行 3  a  the seventh day after a festival 节日后第 7 天b  a period of eight days including a festival and its octave 8 天时间(包括从节日算起的 8 天) 4  a group of eight 一组 8 个 5  the last of eight parrying positions in fencing (击剑防守姿势 8 个招式中的)第 8 式 6 Brit.  a wine cask holding an eighth of a pipe [英]容纳 13.5 加仑酒的酒桶 [Middle English via Old French from Latin octava dies ‘eighth day’ (reckoned inclusively)]

octave coupler  see 见 COUPLER 1b 

octavo /ɒkˈtɑ:vəʊ, -ˈtei-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a size of book or page given by folding a standard sheet three times to form a quire of eight leaves 八开 2  a book or sheet of this size (abbr. 缩略 : 8vo) 八开本；八开纸 [Latin in octavo ‘in an eighth’, from octavus ‘eighth’]

octennial /ɒkˈteniəl/ adj.  1  lasting eight years 持续 8 年的 2  occurring every eight years 8 年一次的 [Late Latin octennium ‘period of eight years’ (as OCT-, annus ‘year’)]

octet /ɒkˈtet/ n. (also 亦作 octette)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for eight voices or instruments 八重奏；八重唱b  the performers of such a piece 八重奏(或八重唱)表演者 2  a group of eight 一组 8 个 3  the first eight lines of a sonnet (十四行诗的)前八行 4 Chem.  a stable group of eight electrons 【化】八隅体(形成稳定组态的一组八个电子) [Italian ottetto or German Oktett: assimilated to OCT-, DUET, QUARTET]

octo- /ˈɒktəʊ/ comb. form (also oct- before a vowel 用在元音字母前亦作 oct-)  eight [构词成分]八个 [Latin octo or Greek oktō ‘eight’]

October /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ n.  the tenth month of the year 十月 [Old English from Latin (as OCTO-): originally the eighth month of the Roman year]

Octobrist /ɒkˈtəʊbrist/ n. hist.  a member of the moderate party in the Russian Duma, supporting the Imperial Constitutional Manifesto of 30 Oct. 1905 [史义]俄国十月党人(俄国国家杜马中的温和党人，支持 1905 年 10 月 30 日的帝国宪法宣言) [OCTOBER, suggested by Russian oktyabríst]

octocentenary /ˌɒktəʊsenˈti:nəri, -ˈten-, ɒktəʊˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an eight-hundredth anniversary (第 8 个百年纪念)800 周年纪念 2  a celebration of this 800 周年纪念庆典 ●adj.  of or relating to an octocentenary 800 周年纪念的

octodecimo /ɒktəʊˈdesiməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-eighteenth the size of a printing-sheet 十八开 2  a book of this size 十八开本 [in octodecimo from Latin octodecimus ‘eighteenth’]

octogenarian /ˌɒktə(ʊ)dʒiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 80 to 89 years old 80 到 89 岁的人 ●adj.  of this age 80 到 89 岁的 [Latin octogenarius from octogeni, distributive of octoginta ‘eighty’]

octopod /ˈɒktəpɒd/ n.  any cephalopod of the order Octopoda, with eight arms usu. having suckers, and a round saclike body, including octopuses 八腕亚目头足动物(通常有吸盘和圆形的囊状身体，如章鱼) [Greek oktōpous -podos, from oktō ‘eight’ + pous ‘foot’]

octopus /ˈɒktəpəs/ n. (pl. octopuses)  1  any cephalopod mollusc of the genus Octopus having eight suckered arms, a soft saclike body, and strong beaklike jaws 章鱼属头足软体动物 2  an organized and usu. harmful ramified power or influence (有组织并且通常有害的)伸入各个方面的力量(或影响) [Greek oktōpous: see OCTOPOD]

octoroon /ɒktəˈru:n/ n. (also 亦作 octaroon)  the offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a person of one-eighth Negro blood 有 1/4 黑人血统的人和白人的后裔；有 1/8 黑人血统的黑白混血儿 [OCTO-, on the pattern of QUADROON]

octosyllabic /ˌɒktəʊsiˈlæbik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having eight syllables 八音节的 ●n.  an octosyllabic verse 八音节诗句 [Late Latin octosyllabus (as OCTO-, SYLLABLE)]

octosyllable /ˈɒktə(ʊ)ˌsiləb(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  an octosyllabic verse or word 八音节诗句(或词) ●adj.  = OCTOSYLLABIC 

octroi /ˈɒktrwɑ:/ n.  1  a duty levied in some European countries on goods entering a town (欧洲一些国家对进城货物所征收的)入市税 2  a  the place where this is levied 入市税征收处b  the officials by whom it is levied 入市税征收人员 [French from octroyer ‘grant’, from medieval Latin auctorizare: see AUTHORIZE]

octuple /ˈɒktjʊp(ə)l, ɒkˈtju:p(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  eightfold 八倍的 ●n.  an eightfold amount 八倍的数量 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by eight 使成为八倍 [French octuple or Latin octuplus (adj.), from octo ‘eight’: cf. DOUBLE]

ocular /ˈɒkjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or connected with the eyes or sight; visual (有关)眼睛的；(有关)视力的；视觉的 ●n.  the eyepiece of an optical instrument (光学仪器的)目镜 □ ocularly  adv.   [French oculaire via Late Latin ocularis from Latin oculus ‘eye’]

ocularist /ˈɒkjʊlərist/ n.  a maker of artificial eyes 假眼制造者 [French oculariste (as OCULAR)]

ocular spectrum  see 见 SPECTRUM 6 

oculate /ˈɒkjʊlət/ adj.  = OCELLATE(see 见 OCELLUS)  [Latin oculatus from oculus ‘eye’]

oculist /ˈɒkjʊlist/ n.  a person who specializes in the medical treatment of eye disorders or defects 眼科医师 □ oculistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [French oculiste from Latin oculus ‘eye’]

oculo- /ˈɒkjʊləʊ/ comb. form  eye (oculo-nasal 眼鼻的) [构词成分]眼 [Latin oculus ‘eye’]

OD1 abbr. [缩略]  ordnance datum 

OD2 n. & v. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●n.  an overdose, esp. of a narcotic drug 过量(尤指麻醉药) ●v. intr. (OD's, OD'd, OD'ing)  take an overdose 服用过量毒品 [abbreviation]

o.d. abbr.  outer diameter [缩略]外部直径

od1 /ɒd/ n.  a hypothetical power once thought to pervade nature and account for various scientific phenomena 自然力(一度认为普遍存在于自然界中，解释许多科学现象的一种假想的力) [arbitrary term coined in German by Baron von Reichenbach, German scientist d. 1869]

od2 /ɒd/ n. (as 作 int. or in oaths 用于发誓) archaic  God (see 见 GOD 5) [古义]天哪！哎呀！  [corruption]

odal var.  of UDAL  UDAL 的变体

odalisque /ˈəʊd(ə)lisk/ n. hist.  an Eastern female slave or concubine, esp. in the Turkish Sultan's seraglio [史义] (尤指土耳其苏丹宫中的)东方女仆(或侍妾) [French from Turkish odalik, from oda ‘chamber’ + lik ‘function’]

odd /ɒd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  extraordinary, strange, queer, remarkable, eccentric 非凡的；奇特的；奇怪的；显著的；古怪的 2  casual, occasional, unconnected 偶然的；临时的；不关联的  odd jobs  零工 odd moments  余暇 3  not normally noticed or considered; unpredictable 不被注意的，不被考虑的；不可预知的  in some odd corner  在某个不被注意的角落里 picks up odd bargains  挑选不起眼的便宜货 4  additional; beside the reckoning 额外的；剩余的  earned the odd pound  挣外快 5  a (of numbers such as 3 and 5) not integrally divisible by two 奇数的(不能被 2 整除的数，如 3 和 5)b (of things or persons numbered consecutively) bearing such a number 单号的  no parking on odd dates  单日不能停车 6  left over when the rest have been distributed or divided into pairs 零散的；单的；不成对的  have got an odd sock  有一只单只袜子 7  detached from a set or series 从一套(或一系列)中分离出来的  a few odd volumes  一套中的零星卷册 8 (appended to a number, sum, weight, etc.) somewhat more than (附加在数量、金额、重量之后)以上的  forty odd  40 以上 forty-odd people  40 多个人 9  by which a round number, given sum, etc., is exceeded (约整数、规定量等)挂零的  we have 102 - what shall we do with the odd 2?  我们有 102 个，超出的两个我们怎么办？ ●n. Golf 【高尔夫球】  1 Brit.  a handicap of one stroke at each hole [英]让对方一次击球 2 US  a score one stroke higher than that of one's opponent [美]比对手多一击 □ oddish  adj.  □ oddly  adv.  □ oddness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse odda- in odda-mathr ‘third man, odd man’, from oddi ‘angle’]

oddball /ˈɒdbɔ:l/ n. colloq. [口]  1  an odd or eccentric person 奇怪(或古怪)的人 2 (作 attrib.)  strange, bizarre 奇怪的；奇异的

odd bod n. slang  a strange or eccentric person [俚语]奇怪(或古怪)的人

Oddfellow /ˈɒdfeləʊ/ n.  a member of a fraternity similar to the Freemasons (类似于共济会的)秘密共济会会员

oddity /ˈɒditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a strange person, thing, or occurrence 奇怪的人(东西、事) 2  a peculiar trait 怪僻 3  the state of being odd 奇特；古怪；奇怪

odd job n.  a casual isolated piece of work 零工

odd-job man n. (also 亦作 odd jobber)  a person who does odd jobs 打零工的人

odd man out n.  1  a person or thing differing from all the others in a group in some respect 与集体(在某一方面)不和的人(或事) 2  a method of selecting one of three or more persons e.g. by tossing a coin (如用掷钱币的方法从三个或更多的人中)选出一个的办法

oddment /ˈɒdm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an odd article; something left over 零星物件；残剩物 2 (in pl. 用复数)  miscellaneous articles 零杂物 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. Printing  matter other than the main text [英]【印刷】书籍正文以外的部分

odds /ɒdz/ n. pl.  1  the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way 投赌赔率 2  the chances or balance of probability in favour of or against some result 机会；可能性  the odds are against it  可能性不大 the odds are that it will rain  十有八九会下雨 3  the balance of advantage 成功的可能  the odds are in your favour  你们成功的可能很大 won against all the odds  尽管困难极大还是胜利了 4  an equalizing allowance to a weaker competitor (比赛中对较弱一方的)让步 5  a difference giving an advantage 区别；差异  it makes no odds  没有多大区别 □ at odds  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  in conflict or at variance 争吵；不一致□ by all odds   certainly 肯定地；无疑地□ lay (or give) odds   offer a bet with odds favourable to the other better 给予对方有利的条件□ over the odds   above a generally agreed price etc. 高于普遍接受的(价格等)□ take odds   offer a bet with odds unfavourable to the other better 给予对方不利的条件□ what's the odds?  colloq.  what does it matter? [口]那有什么关系？ [apparently pl. of ODD n.: cf. NEWS]

odds and ends n. pl. (also colloq. [亦口] odds and sods)  miscellaneous articles or remnants 零星东西；琐碎事

odds-on n. & adj. ●n.  a state when success is more likely than failure, esp. as indicated by the betting odds 大半有希望赢的(尤指打赌) ●adj. (of a chance) better than even; likely (机会)有把握的；有可能的

ode /əʊd/ n.  1  a lyric poem, usu. rhymed and in the form of an address, in varied or irregular metre 颂诗(通常押韵，以致辞形式表现，长短不一，韵律复杂) 2 hist.  a poem meant to be sung [史义]颂歌；赋 [French via Late Latin oda from Greek ōidē, Attic form of aoidē ‘song’, from aeidō ‘sing’]

-ode1 /əʊd/ suffix  forming nouns meaning ‘thing of the nature of’ (geode 晶洞状物 ; trematode 吸虫) 构成名词，意为“…性质的东西” [Greek adjectival ending -ōdēs]

-ode2 /əʊd/ comb. form Electr.  forming names of electrodes, or devices having them (cathode 阴极 ; diode 二极管) [构词成分]【电】构成名词，表示“电极”或“带电极设备” [Greek hodos ‘way’]

Odessa /əuˈdesə/ n.  敖德萨 [乌克兰港市]

odeum /ˈəʊdiəm/ n. (pl. odeums or odea /-diə/)  a building for musical performances, esp. among the ancient Greeks and Romans 音乐厅；剧场(尤指古希腊和古罗马的表演场所) [French odéum or Latin odeum from Greek ōideion (as ODE)]

odious /ˈəʊdiəs/ adj.  hateful, repulsive 可憎的，可恶的；讨厌的 □ odiously  adv.  □ odiousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French odieus from Latin odiosus (as ODIUM)]

odium /ˈəʊdiəm/ n.  a general or widespread dislike or reprobation incurred by a person or associated with an action 憎恨；厌恶；臭名 [Latin, = hatred, from odi ‘to hate’]

odometer /əʊˈdɒmitə/ n. (also 亦作 hodometer /hɒ-/) esp. US  an instrument for measuring the distance travelled by a wheeled vehicle [尤美]里程表 □ odometry  n.   [French odomètre, from Greek hodos ‘way’: see -METER]

odonto- /ɒˈdɒntəʊ, əʊ-/ comb. form  tooth [构词成分]牙齿 [Greek odous odont- ‘tooth’]

odontoglossum /ə(ʊ)ˌdɒntəˈɡlɒsəm/ n.  any of various orchids bearing flowers with jagged edges like tooth marks 齿舌兰(开锯齿形花朵) [ODONTO- + Greek glōssa ‘tongue’]

odontoid /ə(ʊ)ˈdɒntɔid/ adj.  toothlike 牙状的 [Greek odontoeidēs (as ODONTO- + Greek eidos ‘form’)]

odontoid process n.  a projection from the second cervical vertebra (枢椎的)齿突(尖)

odontology /ɒdɒnˈtɒlədʒi, əʊdɒn-/ n.  the scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth 牙科学 □ odontological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ odontologist  n.  

odor US var.  of ODOUR [美] ODOUR 的变体

odoriferous /əʊdəˈrif(ə)rəs/ adj.  diffusing a scent, esp. an agreeable one; fragrant 散发气味的(尤指宜人的气味)；芳香的 □ odoriferously  adv.   [Middle English from Latin odorifer (as ODOUR)]

odorous /ˈəʊd(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  having a scent 有香味的 2  = ODORIFEROUS  □ odorously  adv.   [Latin odorus ‘fragrant’ (as ODOUR)]

odour /ˈəʊdə/ n. (US [美] odor)  1  the property of a substance that has an effect on the nasal sense of smell (对嗅觉产生作用的)气味 2  a lasting quality or trace attaching to something 持久的品质(或迹象)  an odour of intolerance  偏狭的意味 3  regard, repute 名声，声望  in bad odour  名声不好 □ odourless  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English via Anglo-French odour, Old French odor from Latin odor -oris ‘smell, scent’]

odyssey /ˈɒdisi/ n. (pl. -eys)  a series of wanderings; a long adventurous journey 长期流浪；漫长而危险的旅程 □ Odyssean  adj.   [Latin Odyssea from Greek Odusseia, title of an epic poem attributed to Homer describing the adventures of Odysseus (Ulysses) on his journey home from Troy]

OECD abbr.  Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [缩略]经济合作与发展组织

OED abbr.  Oxford English Dictionary 《牛津英语词典》

oedema /iˈdi:mə/ n. (US [美] edema)  a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body Also called 亦称作 DROPSY 水肿 □ oedematous  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek oidēma -atos, from oideō ‘swell’]

Oedipus complex /ˈi:dipəs/ n. Psychol. (according to Freud etc.) the complex of emotions aroused in a young (esp. male) child by a subconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and wish to exclude the parent of the same sex 【心】(尤指男性的)恋母情结(弗洛伊德用语) □ Oedipal  adj.   [Greek Oidipous, the name of a legendary king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother]

oenology /i:ˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (US [美] enology)  the study of wines 酿酒学；葡萄酒工艺学 □ oenological  /i:nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ oenologist  n.   [Greek oinos ‘wine’]

oenophile /ˈi:nəfail/ n.  a connoisseur of wines 酒品尝家；酒鉴赏家 □ oenophilist  /i:ˈnɒfilist/ n.   [as OENOLOGY]

o'er /ˈəʊə/ adv. & prep. poet. [诗]  = OVER  [contraction]

oersted /ˈɜ:sted/ n.  a unit of magnetic field strength equivalent to 79.58 amperes per metre 奥斯特(磁场强度单位，等于每米 79.58 安培) [named after H. C. Oersted, Danish physicist d. 1851]

oesophagus /iˈsɒfəɡəs/ n. (US [美] esophagus) (pl. oesophagi /-dʒai/ or -guses)  the part of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the stomach; the gullet 食管；食道 □ oesophageal  /i:ˌsɒfəˈdʒi:əl, i:səˈfædʒiəl/ adj.   [Middle English from Greek oisophagos]

oestradiol /i:strəˈdaiɒl, estrə-/ n. Biochem.  a major oestrogen produced in the ovaries 【生化】雌二醇 [OESTRUS + DI-1 + -OL1]

oestrogen /ˈi:strədʒ(ə)n, ˈestrə-/ n. (US [美] esophagus)  1  any of various steroid hormones developing and maintaining female characteristics of the body 雌激素(产生并维持女性身体特点的类固醇激素) 2  this hormone produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives etc. 人造荷尔蒙(用于口服避孕药物等) □ oestrogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ oestrogenically  /-ˈdʒenik(ə)li/ adv.   [OESTRUS + -GEN]

oestrus /ˈi:strəs, ˈestrəs/ n. (also 亦作 oestrum, US [美] estrus, estrum)  a recurring period of sexual receptivity in many female mammals; heat (雌性哺乳动物的)发情期；发情 □ oestrous  adj.   [Greek oistros ‘gadfly, frenzy’]

oeuvre /ˈɜ:vrə/ n.  the works of an author, painter, composer, etc., esp. regarded collectively (作家、画家、作曲家等的)作品(尤指全部) [French, = work, from Latin opera]

of /ɒv, (ə)v/ prep. connecting a noun (often a verbal noun) or pronoun with a preceding noun, adjective, adverb, or verb, expressing a wide range of relations broadly describable as follows 连接名词(常为动名词)或代词和前置的代词、形容词、副词或动词，表达如下关系 :  1  origin, cause, or authorship 起源；原因；…所著  paintings of Turner  特纳的绘画作品 people of Rome  罗马人 died of malnutrition  死于营养不良 2  the material or substance constituting or identifying a thing (构成或识别某事的)材料(或物质)  a house of cards  用纸牌搭的房子；不可靠的计划 was built of bricks  用砖建造的 3  belonging, connection, or possession 从属；连接；所有  a thing of the past  过去的事情 articles of clothing  服饰 the head of the business  商行的负责人 the tip of the iceberg  冰山的顶端 4  identity or close relation 同位或相似  the city of Rome  罗马城 a pound of apples  一磅苹果 a fool of a man  傻瓜般的人 5  removal, separation, or privation 排除；分离；缺乏  north of the city  城北 got rid of them  摆脱他们 robbed us of £ 1,000  抢去我们 1,000 英镑 6  reference, direction, or respect 参考；指导；注重  beware of the dog  小心狗 suspected of lying  怀疑在撒谎 very good of you  你真好 short of money  缺钱 the selling of goods  商品的销售 7  objective relation 动作的对象  love of music  热爱音乐 in search of peace  寻求和平 8  partition, classification, or inclusion 部分；类别；包含  no more of that  不再那样了 part of the story  故事的一部分 a friend of mine  我的朋友 this sort of book  这类书 some of us will stay  我们中的一些人要留下来 9  description, quality, or condition 描述；质量；条件  the hour of prayer  祈祷的时刻 a person of tact  有智谋的人 a girl of ten  10 岁的女孩 on the point of leaving  离开的时刻 10 N. Amer.  time in relation to the following hour [北美]与随后的正点有关的时间  a quarter of three  3 点差一刻 □ be of   possess intrinsically; give rise to 固有；引起  is of great interest  非常有趣□ of all   designating the (nominally) least likely or expected example 指(名义上)最不可能(或最不希望的)，所有人中偏偏  you of all people!  所有人中偏偏是你！□ of all the nerve (or cheek etc.)   an exclamation of indignation at a person's impudence etc. (对某人的无耻行为等表示愤怒的惊呼)真厚颜无耻！□ of an evening (or morning etc.)  colloq. [口]  1  on most evenings (or mornings etc.) 往往在晚上(或早晨等) 2  at some time in the evenings (or mornings etc.) 在晚上(或早晨等)的某个时间□ of late   recently 最近□ of old   formerly; long ago 从前；很久前 [Old English, unaccented form of œf, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 Of should not be used instead of have in constructions such as You should have asked; He couldn't have known, although in rapid speech they sound the same. 在 You should have asked (你原本该问的)； He couldn't have known (他不会知道的)这样一些结构中，不应用 of 代替 have ，虽然语速快时，两者发音听起来一样。 

of- /ɒf/ prefix  assim. form of OB- before f (用于 f 前)OB- 的同化形式

ofay /ˈəʊfei/ n. US slang offens.  a white person (esp. used by blacks) [美] [俚语] [冒犯]白人(尤黑人用) [20th c.: probably of African origin]

Off. abbr. [缩略]  1  Office  2  Officer 

off /ɒf/ adv., prep., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  away; at or to a distance 离开；离，距  drove off  开车离开 is three miles off  有 3 英里远 2  out of position; not on or touching or attached; loose, separate, gone 不在适当位置地；脱离地；松散地，分离地  has come off  已经脱落 take your coat off  脱下你的大衣 3  so as to be rid of 消除，去除  sleep it off  睡掉(忧愁等)；用睡觉来解酒(治好头痛等) 4  so as to break continuity or continuance; discontinued, stopped 切断；中止  turn off the radio  关上收音机 take a day off  休息一天 the game is off  比赛结束 5  not available as a choice, e.g. on a menu 完，光(如菜单上)  chips are off  油炸土豆条没有了 6  to the end; entirely; so as to be clear 结束地；全部地；尽  clear off  清除 finish off  结束 pay off  付清 7  situated as regards money, supplies, etc. (钱、供给等)处于…境况  is badly off  生活困难 is not very well off  不富裕 8  off stage 在舞台外  noises off  后台的嘈杂声 9 esp. Brit. (with preceding numeral) denoting a quantity produced or made at one time (esp. 尤用于 one-off 一次性地) [尤英] (前置数字)表示一次所生产(或制造)的量 ●prep.  1  a  from; away or down or up from 从…；离…；从…向下(或向上)  fell off the chair  从椅子上掉下去 took something off the price  按标价打折 jumped off the edge  从边缘跳下b  not on 不在…上；偏离  was already off the pitch  音高走调了 2  a (temporarily) relieved of or abstaining from (暂时)解除(或避开)  off duty  不值班 am off my diet  我的日常饮食不够b  not attracted by for the time being 不爱好；戒；停服  off their food  他们食欲不振 off smoking  戒烟c  not achieving or doing one's best in 差于…，低于…  off form  竞技状态不佳 off one's game  比赛失常 3  using as a source or means of support 以…为依靠  live off the land  以土地为生 4  leading from; not far from 通向…；离…不远  a street off the Strand  离斯特兰德大道不远的大街 5  at a short distance to sea from 在离…很近的海面上  sank off Cape Horn  在合恩角附近的海域沉没 ●adj.  1  far, further 远的；更远的  the off side of the wall  墙的那一边 2 (of a part of a vehicle, animal, or road) right (opp. 反义 NEAR adj. 3) (车辆零件、动物或路)右边的  the off front wheel  右前轮 3 (作 predic.) Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  annoying or unfair 恼人的；不公平的b  unwell 不舒服  am feeling a bit off  有点不舒服c (of food etc.) unfit for consumption; no longer fresh (食物等)不宜食用的；不新鲜的 ●n.  1 (in full 全称 off side) Cricket  the half of the field (as divided lengthways through the pitch) towards which the batsman's feet are pointed (opp. 反义 LEG n. 6) 【板球】(纵向划分的)半场场地(击球手的脚所朝的场地) 2 Brit. colloq.  the start of a race; the beginning, the departure [英口]比赛开始；开始；出发 □ off and on   intermittently; now and then 断断续续地；间歇地□ off one's feet   see 见 FOOT □ off form   see 见 FORM □ off guard   see 见 GUARD □ off one's hands   see 见 HAND □ off one's head   see 见 HEAD □ off of  slang disp. [俚语] [异议]  = OFFprep. 1a   picked it up off of the floor  把它从地上拾起□ off the peg   see 见 PEG □ off the point ● adj.  irrelevant 离题 ●adv.  irrelevantly 离题地□ off the record   see 见 RECORD  [originally variant of OF, to distinguish the sense]■Usage 用法说明 The use of off of for the preposition off (sense 1a), e.g. lifted it up off of the table, is non-standard and should be avoided. 用 off of 表达 off (释义 1a), 如 lifted it up off of the table (把它从桌子上举起)，是不规范的使用，应避免。 

off-air adj. & adv.  involving or by the transmission of programmes by broadcasting (有关)广播的

offal /ˈɒf(ə)l/ n.  1  the less valuable edible parts of a carcass, esp. the entrails and internal organs 食用价值很低的部分(尤指内脏或下水) 2  refuse or waste stuff 垃圾；废物 3  carrion; putrid flesh 死肉；腐肉 [Middle English from Middle Dutch afval, from af OFF + vallen FALL]

offbeat adj. & n. ●adj. /ˈɒfbi:t, ɒfˈbi:t/  1 Mus.  not coinciding with the beat 【音】弱拍的 2  eccentric, unconventional 离奇的；不落俗套的 ●n. /ˈɒfbi:t/ Mus.  any of the normally unaccented beats in a bar 【音】(一小节中的)弱拍

off-break n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a ball which deviates from the off side after bouncing (球弹起后)偏离右边 2  such deviation (球)偏离

off-centre adj. & adv.  not quite coinciding with a central position 偏离中心(的)；中心错位(的)

off chance n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the slight possibility 极小的可能性

off colour predic. adj.  1 Brit.  not in good health [英]身体不舒服的 2 N. Amer.  somewhat indecent [北美]不合适的；近乎下流的

offcut /ˈɒfkʌt/ n.  a remnant of timber, paper, etc., after cutting (木料、纸等在切割后的)边料

off day n.  a day when one is not at one's best (竞技)状态不佳的日子

off-drive v. & n. Cricket 【板球】  ●v. tr.  drive (the ball) to the off side 击(球)到右侧 ●n.  a drive to the off side 打到右侧的一击

offence /əˈfens/ n. (US [美] offense)  1  an illegal act; a transgression or misdemeanour 违法行为；犯罪；行为不端 2  a wounding of the feelings 伤感情  no offence was meant  没有触犯的意思 3  the act of attacking or taking the offensive; aggressive action 进攻；进攻的行为；挑衅的行为 □ give offence   cause hurt feelings 冒犯，使伤感情□ take offence   suffer hurt feelings; take umbrage 在情感上受到伤害；生气□ offenceless  adj.   [originally = stumbling, stumbling block: Middle English & Old French offens from Latin offensus ‘annoyance’, and Middle English & French offense from Latin offensa ‘a striking against, hurt, displeasure’, both from offendere (as OB-, fendere fens- ‘strike’)]

offend /əˈfend/ v.  1 tr.  cause offence to or resentment in; wound the feelings of 冒犯；触犯；伤害(感情) 2 tr.  displease or anger 使不愉快；使生气 3 intr.  commit an illegal act 违法；违反 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  do wrong; transgress 犯过错；犯罪 □ offendedly  adv.  □ offender  n.  □ offending  adj.   [Middle English via Old French offendre from Latin (as OFFENCE)]

offense US var.  of OFFENCE [美] OFFENCE 的变体

offensive /əˈfensiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  giving or meant or likely to give offence; insulting (故意或可能)冒犯的；无礼的；侮辱的  offensive language  冒犯性的语言 2  disgusting, foul-smelling, nauseous, repulsive 令人厌恶的；恶臭的；令人作呕的；令人反感的 3  a  aggressive, attacking 挑衅的；进攻的b (of a weapon) meant for use in attack (武器)进攻性的 4 esp. N. Amer.  of or relating to a team in possession of the ball, puck, etc. [尤北美] (球、冰球等有关)进攻一方的  offensive line  进攻线路 ●n.  1  an aggressive action or attitude 进攻性行为(或态度)  take the offensive  采取攻势 2  an attack, an offensive campaign or stroke 进攻；攻势；攻击 3  aggressive or forceful action in pursuit of a cause (追求目标时的)攻击性(或强有力的)行为  a peace offensive  和平攻势 □ offensively  adv.  □ offensiveness  n.   [French offensif -ive or medieval Latin offensivus (as OFFENCE)]

OFFER /ˈɒfə/ n. (in the UK) Office of Electricity Regulation, a regulatory body supervising the operation of the electricity industry (英国)电力供应管理办公室(监督电力工业运行的管理机构) [acronym]

offer /ˈɒfə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  present for acceptance or refusal or consideration 给予；提供  offered me a drink  给我一杯水 was offered a lift  免费搭车 offer one's services  给某人提供服务 offer no apology  不说道歉 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  express readiness or show intention 表示准备(或有意图)做某事  offered to take the children  表示可以带孩子 3 tr.  provide; give an opportunity for 提供，给以(机会) 4 tr.  make available for sale 备有…出售 5 tr. (of a thing) present to one's attention or consideration (某事)呈现  each day offers new opportunities  每天都有新的机会 6 tr.  present (a sacrifice, prayer, etc.) to a deity (向神)供奉；贡献(祭品、祷辞等) 7 intr.  present itself; occur 发生，出现  as opportunity offers  当机会来临时 8 tr.  give an opportunity for (battle) to an enemy 向敌人挑战 9 tr.  attempt, or try to show (violence, resistance, etc.) 试图(做某事)；威胁 ●n.  1  an expression of readiness to do or give if desired, or to buy or sell (for a certain amount) 意图的表示 2  an amount offered 出价的数目 3  a proposal (esp. of marriage) 求婚 4  a bid 报价 □ on offer  Brit.  for sale at a certain (esp. reduced) price [英] (尤指削价)出售□ offerer  n.  □ offeror  n.   [Old English offrian in religious sense, from Latin offerre (as OB-, ferre ‘bring’)]

offering /ˈɒf(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  a contribution, esp. of money, to a Church (给教堂的)捐献物(尤指钱财) 2  a thing offered as a religious sacrifice or token of devotion (宗教)供品；祭品 3  anything, esp. money, contributed or offered 捐助物(尤指钱财)

offertory /ˈɒfət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Eccl. 【教会】  a  the offering of the bread and wine at the Eucharist (圣餐礼中奉献面包和葡萄酒的)奉献仪式b  an anthem accompanying this (奉献仪式上的)圣歌；奉献经 2  a  the collection of money at a religious service (在宗教仪式上)献金仪式b  the money collected 献金 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin offertorium ‘offering’ from Late Latin offert-, for Latin oblat-, past part. stem of offerre OFFER]

offhand adj. & adv. ●adj. /ɒfˈhænd, ˈɒfhænd/  curt or casual in manner 简慢的；不拘礼的 ●adv. /ɒfˈhænd/  1  in an offhand manner 简慢地；不拘礼地 2  without preparation or premeditation 未经准备地，不假思索地 □ offhanded  adj.  □ offhandedly  adv.  □ offhandedness  n.  

office /ˈɒfis/ n.  1  a room or building used as a place of business, esp. for clerical or administrative work (尤指文书、管理工作的)办公室 2  a room or department or building for a particular kind of business 营业所，营业厅  ticket office  售票处 post office  邮局 3  the local centre of a large business (大公司的)当地办事处；事务处  our London office  我们的伦敦办事处 4 N. Amer.  the consulting room of a professional person [北美]咨询处 5  a position with duties attached to it; a place of authority or trust or service, esp. of a public nature 公职；(尤指政府的)公署 6  tenure of an official position, esp. that of a Minister of State or of the party forming the Government 职务任期(尤指部长或组阁政党的任期)  hold office  任职 out of office for 13 years  在野 13 年 7 (作 Office) Brit.  the quarters or staff or collective authority of a Government department etc. [英]政府部门(人员)  Foreign Office  外交部 8  a duty attaching to one's position; a task or function (与职务有关的)职责(任务、功能) 9 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of kindness or attention; a service (esp. 尤用于 through the good offices of 在…的帮助下) 好意；帮忙；服务 10 Eccl. 【教会】  a  an authorized form of worship 祷告；祈祷仪式  Office for the Dead  为死人做的祷告b (in full 全称 divine office)  the daily service of the Roman Catholic breviary (天主教的每日祈祷)日课  say the office  做祷告 11  a ceremonial duty 礼仪职责 12 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  the parts of a house devoted to household work, storage, etc. [英]从事家务的房间(厨房、储藏室等) 13 slang  a hint or signal [俚语]暗示；暗号；信号 [Middle English via Old French from Latin officium ‘performance of a task’ (in medieval Latin also ‘office, divine service’), from opus ‘work’ + facere fic- ‘do’]

office-bearer n.  an official or officer 官员；公务员

office block n.  a large building designed to contain business offices 办公大楼

office boy n. (also 亦作 office girl)  a young man (or woman) employed to do minor jobs in a business office 男(女)勤杂工

office hours n. pl.  the hours during which business is normally conducted 办公时间

office of arms n.  the College of Arms, or a similar body in another country 宗谱纹章院(或其他国家的相似机构)

officer /ˈɒfisə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person holding a position of authority or trust, esp. one with a commission in the armed services, in the mercantile marine, or on a passenger ship 军官；(商船或客船的)船长 2  a policeman or policewoman 男(女)警察 3  a holder of a post in a society or organization (e.g. the president or secretary) (社团、组织中的)主席；干事；职员 4  a holder of a public, civil, or ecclesiastical office; a sovereign's minister; an appointed or elected functionary 担任公共(民间或教会)职务的人；(王室任命的)部长；(任命或选举的)官员 usu. with a qualifying word 通常与限定词连用 : medical officer  卫生干事 probation officer  监护官 returning officer  选举监察官 5  a bailiff 法警  the sheriff's officer  郡治安官 6  a member of the grade below commander in the Order of the British Empire etc. (英帝国的)四等勋爵士 ●v. tr.  1  provide with officers 为…配备官员 2  act as the commander of 做…指挥；统率 [Middle English via Anglo-French officer, Old French officier and medieval Latin officiarius from Latin officium: see OFFICE]

officer of arms n.  a herald or pursuivant 司宗谱纹章的官员；纹章院属官

office worker n.  an employee in a business office (工商企业中的)职员；办事员

official /əˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to an office (see 见 OFFICE n. 5, 6) or its tenure or duties 公职的，公务的；职务任期的，职务的 2 (often derog. [常贬])  characteristic of officials and bureaucracy 官僚的；官气十足的 3  emanating from or attributable to a person in office; properly authorized 官方的；经授权的；法定的 4  holding office; employed in a public capacity 任职的；受雇于公职的 5 Med.  according to the pharmacopoeia, officinal 【医】依据药典的；药典许可的 ●n.  1  a person holding office or engaged in official duties 官员；职员 2 (in full 全称 official principal) Brit.  the presiding officer or judge of an archbishop's, bishop's, or esp. archdeacon's court [英] (大主教、主教、尤指会吏总法院的)宗教法庭庭长(法官) □ officialdom  n.  官员；官场□ officialism  n.  官僚主义□ officially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin officialis (as OFFICE)]

official birthday n. (in the UK) a day in June chosen for the observance of the sovereign's birthday (英国)官方纪念日(选出用以纪念国王生日的 6 月某一天)

officialese /əfiʃəˈli:z/ n. derog.  the formal precise language characteristic of official documents [贬] (以正式、严谨为特点的)公文体

official receiver  see 见 RECEIVER 3 

official secrets n. pl. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 Official Secrets Act) Brit.  confidential information involving national security [英]涉及国家安全的机密

officiant /əˈfiʃiənt, -ʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a person who officiates at a religious ceremony 宗教仪式的司仪

officiate /əˈfiʃieit/ v. intr.  1  act in an official capacity, esp. on a particular occasion (尤指在特殊的场合)行使指定的职务 2  perform a divine service or ceremony 主持宗教仪式(或典礼) □ officiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ officiator  n.   [medieval Latin officiare ‘perform a divine service’, from officium: see OFFICE]

officinal /əˈfisin(ə)l, ɒfiˈsi:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  a (of a medicine) kept ready for immediate dispensing (药物)常备有售的b  made from the pharmacopoeia recipe (cf. 参见 MAGISTRAL 2) 依据药方配制的c (of a name) adopted in the pharmacopoeia (指药名)药典许可的 2 (of a herb or drug) used in medicine 药用的 □ officinally  adv.   [medieval Latin officinalis ‘storeroom for medicines etc.’ from Latin officina ‘workshop’]

officious /əˈfiʃəs/ adj.  1  asserting one's authority aggressively; domineering 强行干预的；盛气凌人的 2  intrusive or excessively enthusiastic in offering help etc.; meddlesome 爱管闲事的；过分殷勤的 3 Diplomacy  informal, unofficial [外交]非正式的；非官方的 □ officiously  adv.  □ officiousness  n.   [Latin officiosus ‘obliging’, from officium: see OFFICE]

offing /ˈɒfiŋ/ n.  the more distant part of the sea in view (视野中)较远的海面 □ in the offing   not far away; likely to appear or happen soon 不远的；即将出现(或发生)的 [perhaps from OFF + -ING1]

offish /ˈɒfiʃ/ adj. colloq.  inclined to be aloof [口]不亲热的；疏远的 □ offishly  adv.  □ offishness  n.   [OFF: cf. uppish]

off-key adj. & adv.  1  out of tune 走调的；不和谐的 2  not quite suitable or fitting 不合适的；不恰当的

off-licence n. Brit. [英]  1  a shop selling alcoholic drink for consumption elsewhere 外卖酒类的商店 2  a licence for this 外卖酒类的执照

off-limits adj.  out of bounds 禁止入内的

off-line adj. & adv. Computing 【计算】  ●adj. (of a computer terminal or process) not directly controlled by or connected to a central processor (电脑终端或处理)脱机的 ●adv.  with a delay between the production of data and its processing; while not directly controlled by or connected to a central processor (数据的产生和处理之间)延迟地；不实时地；脱机地

offload /ˈɒfləʊd, ɒfˈləʊd/ v. tr.  1  get rid of (esp. something unpleasant) by giving it to someone else 把…推给他人以解除拖累 2  unload (cargo etc.) 卸下(货物等)

off-peak adj. & adv. ●adj.  used or for use at times other than those of greatest demand 非高峰的 ●adv.  at times other than those of greatest demand 非高峰地

off-piste attrib. adj. & adv. Skiing  away from prepared ski runs 【滑雪】在滑雪道之外

off-price adj. N. Amer.  involving merchandise sold at a lower price than that recommended by the manufacturer [北美] (以低于制造商推荐的价格)销售优惠价商品的

offprint /ɒfˈprint, ˈɒfprint/ n.  a printed copy of an article etc. originally forming part of a larger publication 选印本；单行本

off-putting adj.  1  disconcerting 使人困惑的；使人慌乱的 2  repellent 令人讨厌的 □ off-puttingly  adv.  

off-road attrib. adj.  1  away from the road, on rough terrain 在公路之外的；在野外的；越野的 2 (of a vehicle etc.) designed for rough terrain or for cross-country driving (车辆等)为越野设计的

off-roading n.  the activity of driving over rough terrain, esp. as a sport 越野活动；越野车赛 □ off-roader  n.  

off-screen adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  not appearing on a cinema, television, or VDU screen 银幕外的 2 (作 attrib.)  in one's private life or in real life as opposed to a film or television role (影星在银幕外的)私人生活的 ●adv.  1  without use of a screen 不用屏幕地 2  outside the view presented by a cinema film scene 在幕外 3  in one's private life or in real life as opposed to a film or television role 在私人生活中

off-season n.  a time when business etc. is slack (生意等)淡季 often 常作 attrib.: off-season prices  淡季价格

offset n. & v. ●n. /ˈɒfset/  1  a side shoot from a plant serving for propagation 侧枝 2  an offshoot or scion 枝(嫩)芽；接穗 3  a compensation; a consideration or amount diminishing or neutralizing the effect of a contrary one 补偿；抵消 4 Archit.  a sloping ledge in a wall etc. where the thickness of the part above is diminished 【建】壁阶(其上部墙体的厚度逐渐减薄) 5  a mountain spur (山的)支脉 6  a bend in a pipe etc. to carry it past an obstacle (管道等中的)迂回管 7 (often 常作 attrib.)  a method of printing in which ink is transferred from a plate or stone to a uniform rubber surface and from there to paper etc. 胶印(油墨从金属板或石板传到一个橡胶平面上，然后印到纸等上)  offset litho  平板胶印 8 Surveying  a short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line of measurement 【测量学】支距 ●v. tr. /ˈɒfset, ɒfˈset/ (-setting; past and past part. -set)  1  counterbalance, compensate 抵消；补偿 2  place out of line 偏置 3  print by the offset process 胶印印刷

offshoot /ˈɒfʃu:t/ n.  1  a side shoot or branch 一侧长出的枝芽；枝条 2  a derivative 派生物；衍生物  an offshoot of a right-wing group  右翼组织的旁系

offshore adj. & adv. ●adj. /ˈɒfʃɔ:/  1  situated at sea some distance from the shore 离岸一定距离的 2 (of the wind) blowing seawards (风)向海上吹的 3 (of goods, funds, etc.) made or registered abroad (货物、资金等)国外制造的；国外注册的 ●adv. /ɒfˈʃɔ:/  1  at some distance from the shore 在离岸一定距离处 2  in a direction away from the shore 离岸 3  abroad 在国外

off side  see 见 OFF n. 1 

offside adj. & n. ●adj. /ɒfˈsaid/ Sport (of a player in a field game) in a position, usu. ahead of the ball, that is not allowed if it affects play 【运动】(运动员在田径比赛中)越位的 ●n. /ˈɒfsaid/ (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  the right side of a vehicle, animal, etc. (cf. 参见 NEARSIDE) [尤英] (车辆、动物等的)右侧

offsider /ˈɒfsaidə/ n. Austral. colloq.  a partner, assistant, or deputy [澳口]伙伴；助手；代理

offspring /ˈɒfspriŋ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a person's child or children or descendant(s) 子女；后裔 2  an animal's young or descendant(s) (动物)幼崽；后代 3  a result 结果 [Old English ofspring, from OF ‘from’ + springan SPRING v.]

off-stage attrib. adj.  not on the stage and so not visible or not audible to the audience 不在舞台上的；幕后的

off-street adj. (esp. of parking vehicles) other than on a street (尤指停车)不在街道上的

off the cuff adv. & adj. colloq. [口] ●adv.  without preparation, extempore 未经准备地；即席地 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  made without preparation, extempore 未经准备的；即席的

off-the-shelf adj. & adv. ●attrib. adj. (of goods) supplied ready-made; available from existing stock (货物)现成的；现存的 ●adv. (off the shelf)  ready-made; from existing stock 现成地；现存地

off-the-shoulder attrib. adj. (of a dress etc.) leaving the shoulders bare (女装等)裸肩的；露肩的

off the wall adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) esp. N. Amer. slang  unorthodox, unconventional [尤北美] [俚语]非正统的；异教的；非传统的

off-time n.  a time when business etc. is slack (生意等的)淡季

off-white n. & adj. ●n.  a white colour with a grey or yellowish tinge 灰白色；黄白色 ●adj.  of this colour 灰白色的；黄白色的

Ofgas /ˈɒfɡæs/ n. (in the UK) Office of Gas Supply, a regulatory body supervising the operation of the gas industry (英国)天然气供应处(监督天然气工业运转的管理机构) [acronym]

OFSTED /ˈɒfsted/ n. (in the UK) Office for Standards in Education, an organization monitoring standards in schools by means of regular inspections (英国)教育标准办事处(通过例行检查监督学校教育水准的机构) [acronym]

oft /ɒft/ adv. archaic or literary often [古义] [文学用语]  经常 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : oft-recurring  常复发的 oft-quoted  常引证的 [Old English]

Oftel /ˈɒftel/ n. (in the UK) Office of Telecommunications, a regulatory body supervising the operation of the telecommunications industry (英国)电信局(监督电信工业运转的管理机构) [acronym]

often /ˈɒf(ə)n, ˈɒft(ə)n/ adv. (oftener, oftenest)  1  a  frequently; many times 经常地；多次地b  at short intervals 常常 2  in many instances 通常 □ as often as not   in roughly half the instances 往往；多半 [Middle English: extended from OFT, probably influenced by selden = SELDOM]

oftentimes /ˈɒf(ə)ntaimz, ˈɒft(ə)n-/ adv. (also 亦作 oft-times) archaic or literary often [古义] [文学用语]  常常，经常

Ofwat /ˈɒfwɒt/ n. (in the UK) Office of Water Services, a regulatory body supervising the operation of the water industry (英国)供水公司(监督供水工业运转的管理部门) [acronym]

ogam var.  of OGHAM  OGHAM 的变体

ogdoad /ˈɒɡdəʊæd/ n.  a group of eight 8 个一组 [Late Latin ogdoas ogdoad- from Greek ogdoas -ados, via ogdoos ‘eighth’ from oktō ‘eight’]

ogee /ˈəʊdʒi:, əʊˈdʒi:/ adj. & n. Archit. 【建】  ●adj.  showing in section a double continuous S-shaped curve S 形曲线的 ●n.  an S-shaped line or moulding S 形的曲线； S 形线脚 □ ogee'd  adj.   [apparently from OGIVE, as being the usual moulding in groin-ribs]

ogee arch n.  an arch with two ogee curves meeting at the apex 内外四心桃尖拱

ogham /ˈɒɡəm/ n. (also 亦作 ogam)  1  an ancient British and Irish alphabet of twenty characters formed by parallel strokes on either side of or across a continuous line 欧甘文字(古英国和古爱尔兰的字母文字，有 20 个字母，由平行的笔画穿过连续的线条或置于线条一边构成) 2  an inscription in this alphabet 欧甘文字的铭刻 3  each of its characters 欧甘文字的字母 [Old Irish ogam, connected with Ogma, the name of its mythical inventor]

ogive /ˈəʊdʒaiv, əʊˈdʒaiv/ n.  1  a pointed or Gothic arch 尖顶拱；哥特式拱 2  one of the diagonal groins or ribs of a vault 交错骨；拱顶的肋 3  an S-shaped line S 形的线 4 Statistics  a cumulative frequency graph 【统计学】累积曲线 □ ogival  adj.   [Middle English from French, of unknown origin]

ogle /ˈəʊɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  eye amorously or lecherously 挑逗地注视；送秋波 2 intr.  look amorously 抛媚眼 ●n.  an amorous or lecherous look 挑逗的注视；媚眼 □ ogler  n.   [probably Low German or Dutch: cf. Low German oegeln, frequentative of oegen ‘look at’]

O grade n.  = ORDINARY GRADE  [abbreviation]

ogre /ˈəʊɡə/ n. (fem. ogress /-ɡris/)  1  a man-eating giant in folklore etc. (民间传说中的)吃人妖魔 2  a terrifying person 可怕的人 □ ogreish  adj. (also 亦作 ogrish)   [French, first used by Perrault in 1697, of unknown origin]

OH abbr. US  Ohio (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]俄亥俄州(正式邮政用语)

oh1 /əʊ/ int. (also 亦作 O)  expressing surprise, pain, entreaty, etc. (表达惊讶、疼痛、恳求等)啊；唉  oh, what a mess  天哪，真是乱七八糟 oh for a holiday  哦，度个假多好啊 □ oh boy   expressing surprise, excitement, etc. (表示惊讶、兴奋等)哦，好家伙！ □ oh well   expressing resignation (表示顺从)嗯，好吧！  [variant of O3]

oh2 /əʊ/ n.  = O1 2 

o.h.c. abbr.  overhead camshaft [缩略]上凸轮轴

ohm /əʊm/ n. Electr.  the SI unit of resistance, transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt (symbol 符 Ω) 【电】欧姆(电阻国际单位制) □ ohmic  adj.   [named after G. S. Ohm, German physicist d. 1854]

ohmmeter /ˈəʊmˌmi:tə/ n.  an instrument for measuring electrical resistance 欧姆计；欧姆表

OHMS abbr.  on Her (or His) Majesty's Service [缩略]为女王(或英王)陛下效劳

Ohm's law /əʊmz/ n. Electr.  a law stating that current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance 【电】欧姆定律(电流的强度与电压成正比，与电阻成反比) [see OHM]

oho /əʊˈhəʊ/ int.  expressing surprise or exultation (表示惊讶、狂喜)哦嗬！啊哈！  [Middle English, from O3 + HO]

ohone var.  of OCHONE  OCHONE 的变体

OHP abbr. [缩略]  overhead projector 

o.h.v. abbr.  overhead valve [缩略]顶阀

oi /ɔi/ int.  calling attention or expressing alarm etc. 引起注意(发出警告等) [variant of HOY1]

-oid /ɔid/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns, denoting form or resemblance (asteroid 海星 ; rhomboid 长菱形 ; thyroid 甲状腺) 构成形容词和名词，表示：形状；类似；像…形状的；似…的 □ -oidal  suffix  forming adjectives. □ -oidally  suffix  forming adverbs.  [modern Latin -oides from Greek -oeidēs, from eidos ‘form’]

oidium /əʊˈidiəm/ n. (pl. oidia /-diə/)  any of several kinds of fungal spore, formed by the breaking up of fungal hyphae into cells 粉孢菌(由真菌的菌丝分裂成细胞形成) [modern Latin, from Greek ōion ‘egg’ + diminutive suffix -idion]

OIEO abbr. Brit.  offers in excess of [缩略] [英]超量提供

oik /ɔik/ n. colloq.  an uncouth or obnoxious person; an idiot [口]举止粗鲁的人；令人讨厌的人；蠢人 [20th c.: origin unknown]

oil /ɔil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various thick, viscous, usu. inflammable liquids insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (see also 另见 ESSENTIAL OIL, FIXED OIL, MINERAL OIL) 油(通常可燃液体) 2  petroleum 石油 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  using oil as fuel 燃料油  oil-heater (燃) 油加热器 4  a (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = OIL PAINT b colloq.  a picture painted in oil paints [口]油画 5 (in pl. 用复数)  = OILSKIN  ●v.  1 tr.  apply oil to; lubricate 加油；给…加润滑油 2 tr.  impregnate or treat with oil 使浸透油；用油处理  oiled silk  油绸 3 tr. & intr.  supply with or take on oil as fuel 供油；以油做燃料 4 tr. & intr.  make (butter, grease, etc.) into or (of butter etc.) become an oily liquid 把(黄油、油脂等)融成液态的油；(黄油等)融化 □ oil a person's hand (or palm)   bribe a person 贿赂某人□ oil the wheels   help make things go smoothly 使顺利进行□ oilless  adj.   [Middle English oli, oile via Anglo-French, Old Norman French olie, Old French oile from Latin oleum ‘(olive) oil’, from olea ‘olive’]

oil-bird n.  a nocturnal fruit-eating bird, Steatornis caripensis, resembling a nightjar and living in caves in Central and S. America Also called guacharo 油鸱(似夜鹰，居于洞穴，产于中南美洲)

oilcake /ˈɔilkeik/ n.  a mass of compressed linseed etc. left after oil has been extracted, used as fodder or manure (亚麻籽等的)油渣饼

oil can n.  a can containing oil, esp. one with a long nozzle for oiling machinery (尤指有长嘴的)油壶；油罐

oilcloth /ˈɔilklɒθ/ n.  1  a fabric waterproofed with oil 油布 2  an oilskin 防水服 3  a canvas coated with linseed or other oil and used to cover a table or floor 油地毡(漆有亚麻籽油或其他油的帆布，用于铺桌子或地板)

oil colour n.  = OIL PAINT 

oil drum n.  a metal drum used for transporting oil (装运石油的)金属油桶

oiled silk n.  silk made waterproof with oil 防水油绸

oil engine n.  an engine driven by the explosion of vaporized oil mixed with air (以气态的油和空气混合后爆炸而推动的)石油类液体燃料发动机

oiler /ˈɔilə/ n.  1  an oil can for oiling machinery 加油罐 2  an oil tanker 油船，油轮 3 US [美]  a  an oil well 油井b (in pl. 用复数)  oilskin 防水油布衣裤

oilfield /ˈɔilfi:ld/ n.  an area yielding mineral oil 油田

oil-fired adj.  using oil as fuel 燃油的；烧油的

oil lamp n.  a lamp using oil as fuel 油灯

oilman /ˈɔilmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who deals in oil 石油商

oil-meal n.  ground oilcake 油饼粉；油粕

oil of juniper n.  oil from juniper cones used in medicine and in flavouring gin etc. 杜松子油(用于医疗和杜松子酒等的调料)

oil of turpentine  see 见 TURPENTINE n. 2 

oil of vitriol n.  concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸

oil paint n.  a mix of ground colour pigment and oil 涂料；油漆；油画颜料

oil painting n.  1  the art of painting in oils 油画艺术 2  a picture painted in oils 油画作品 □ is no oil painting   is physically unattractive 不漂亮；没有魅力

oil-palm n.  a palm tree from which palm oil is extracted, esp. Elaeis guineensis of W. Africa 油椰，油棕(可榨取棕榈油，尤指西非油棕)

oil pan n.  an engine sump 油盘

oil-paper n.  a paper made transparent or waterproof by soaking in oil 油纸

oil platform n.  a structure designed to stand on the seabed to provide a stable base above water for the drilling and regulation of oil wells 石油平台

oil-press n.  an apparatus for pressing oil from seeds etc. 榨油机(从籽等中榨油)

oil rig n.  a structure with equipment for drilling an oil well; an oil platform 采油设备；油井钻塔；钻井平台

oil-sand n.  a stratum of porous rock yielding petroleum 油砂

oilseed /ˈɔilsi:d/ n.  any of various seeds from cultivated crops yielding oil, e.g. rape, peanut, or cotton 含油种子(如油菜籽、花生仁、棉籽)

oil-shale n.  a fine-grained rock from which oil can be extracted 油页岩

oilskin /ˈɔilskin/ n.  1  cloth waterproofed with oil 防水布 2  a  a garment made of this 防水服b (in pl. 用复数)  a suit made of this 一套防水衣裤

oil slick n.  a smooth patch of oil, esp. one on the sea (尤指海上)浮油

oilstone /ˈɔilstəʊn/ n.  a fine-grained flat stone used with oil for sharpening flat tools, e.g. chisels, planes, etc. (cf. 参见 WHETSTONE 1) (磨凿子、刨子等用的)油石

oil tanker n.  a ship designed to carry oil in bulk 油轮

oil well n.  a well from which mineral oil is drawn 油井

oily /ˈɔili/ adj. (oilier, oiliest)  1  of, like, or containing much oil 油的；似油的；含油的 2  covered or soaked with oil 以油覆盖的；涂上油的；浸在油中的 3 (of a manner etc.) fawning, insinuating, unctuous (行为)奉承的，巴结的；油滑的 □ oilily  adv.  □ oiliness  n.  

oink /ɔiŋk/ v. intr. (of a pig) make its characteristic grunt (猪)作呼噜声 [imitative]

ointment /ˈɔintm(ə)nt/ n.  a smooth greasy healing or cosmetic preparation for the skin (治疗、化妆用的)油膏；软膏 [Middle English oignement, ointment, from Old French oignement, ultimately from Latin (as UNGUENT): influenced by obsolete oint ‘anoint’ from Old French, past part. of oindre ANOINT]

Oireachtas /ˈerəktəs; 爱尔兰 ˈɛrəxtəs/ n.  the legislature of the Irish Republic: the President, Dáil, and Seanad (爱尔兰的)国家议会(包括总统和两院) [Irish, = assembly, convocation]

OIRO abbr. Brit.  offers in the region of [缩略] [英]在…幅度内的报价

Ojibwa /ə(ʊ)ˈdʒibwei/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Ojibwas)  1  a member of an Algonquian people inhabiting the lands around Lake Superior and certain adjacent areas 奥吉布瓦人(操阿尔冈昆语的印第安人，居住于苏必利尔湖周围和临近地区) 2  the Algonquian language of this people 阿尔冈昆语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Ojibwa or their language (有关)奥吉布瓦人的；(有关)阿尔冈昆语的 [Ojibwa, from a root meaning ‘puckered’, with reference to their moccasins]

OK1 /əʊˈkei/ adj., adv., n. & v. (also 亦作 okay) colloq. [口] ●adj. (often as 常作 int. expressing agreement or acquiescence 表示同意或默许)  all right; satisfactory 好吧；可以 ●adv.  well, satisfactorily 良好地；令人满意地  that worked out OK  运转正常 ●n. (pl. OKs)  approval, sanction 同意；批准；认可 ●v. tr. (OK's, OK'd, OK'ing)  give an OK to; approve, sanction 同意；批准；认可 [originally US: probably abbreviation of orl (or oll) korrect, jocular form of ‘all correct’]

OK2 abbr. US  Oklahoma (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]俄克拉何马(正式邮政用语)

okapi /ə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:pi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or okapis)  a ruminant mammal, Okapia johnstoni, native to N. and NE Zaïre, with a head resembling that of a giraffe and a body resembling that of a zebra, having a dark chestnut coat and transverse stripes on the hindquarters and upper legs only 霍加狓(反刍动物，产于扎伊尔(现称刚果民主共和国)北部及东北部，头似长颈鹿，体似斑马，有深栗色的毛皮，在臀部和上肢处有横向的斑纹) [African name]

okay var.  of OK1  OK1 的变体

okey-dokey /əʊkiˈdəʊki/ adj. & adv. (also 亦作 okey-doke /-ˈdəʊk/) slang [俚语]  = OK1  [reduplication]

Okhotsk Sea /əuˈkɒtsk/ n.  鄂霍次克海 [太平洋北端]

Okla. abbr.  Oklahoma [缩略] (美)俄克拉何马州

okra /ˈɒkrə, ˈəʊkrə/ n.  1  an African plant, Abelmoschus esculentus (mallow family), yielding long ridged seed pods 秋葵(锦葵科，结长脊状豆荚) 2  the seed pods eaten as a vegetable and used to thicken soups and stews Also called 亦称作 GUMBO, LADIES' FINGERS 秋葵豆荚(可作蔬菜食用，亦可做浓汤及炖食) [West African native name]

okta /ˈɒktə/ n. (pl. oktas or same 单复同) Meteorol.  a unit of cloud cover, equal to one eighth of the sky 【气】奥克塔(云量单位，等于覆尽天空八分之一的云量)

-ol1 /ɒl/ suffix Chem.  forming names of alcohols, phenols, and their derivatives (glycerol 甘油 ; methanol 甲醇 ; retinol 松香油) 【化】构成酒精、苯酚及它们的派生物的名称 [from ending of ALCOHOL]

-ol2 /ɒl/ suffix Chem.  forming names of oils and oil-derived compounds (cresol 甲酚 ; Lysol 来苏儿) 【化】构成油或油衍生混合物的名称 [Latin oleum ‘oil’: cf. -OLE]

old /əʊld/ adj. (older, oldest) (cf. 参见 ELDER1, ELDEST)  1  a  advanced in age; far on in the natural period of existence 年老的；年久的b  not young or near its beginning 不年轻的 2  made long ago 很久以前制造的 3  long in use 陈旧的 4  worn or dilapidated or shabby from the passage of time 破旧的，旧的；荒废的(由于时间流逝造成) 5  having the characteristics (experience, feebleness, etc.) of age 有老年人特点(如有经验、虚弱等)的；年龄所致的  the child has an old face  这孩子一脸老成 6  practised, inveterate 老练的；积习已深的  an old offender  惯犯 old in crime  老于犯罪 7  belonging only or chiefly to the past; lingering on; former 以前的；过去的；旧时的；从前的  old times  旧时 haunted by old memories  过去的记忆萦绕心头 8  dating from far back; long established or known; ancient, primeval 久远的；很久以前建立的；很早就闻名的；古代的；远古的  old as the hills  极古老的 old friends  老朋友 an old family  古老的家族 9 (appended to a period of time 附加在一段时间之后)  a (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  of age …岁  is four years old  四岁 a four-year-old boy  4 岁的小男孩b (in comb. 用于复合词 , as 作 noun)  a person or animal of the age specified 特定年龄的人(或动物)  our four-year-old is ill  我们(的)4 岁的孩子病了 10 (of language) as used in former or earliest times (指语言)以前的；古的 11 colloq.  as a term of affection or casual reference [口] [用于表达亲昵或随意提及]  good old Charlie  老查理 old shipmate  过去的同船水手 12  the former or first of two or more similar things 前面的；(两个或更多相似东西中的)第一个的  our old house  我们原来的房子 wants his old job back  想做原来的工作 □ an old one   a familiar joke 一个老笑话□ oldish  adj.  □ oldness  n.   [Old English ald, from West Germanic]

old age n.  the later part of normal life 老年

old-age pension n.  = RETIREMENT PENSION  □ old-age pensioner  n.  

Old Bailey n.  the Central Criminal Court in London 老贝利(伦敦中央刑事法院)

Old Bill n. Brit. slang  the police [英] [俚语]警察

old bird n. slang  a wary person [口]精明的人；谨慎的人

old boy n.  1  a former male pupil of a school 男校友 2 colloq. [口]  a  an elderly man 老头b  an affectionate form of address to a boy or man (对男孩(或男人)的爱称)老兄；老弟；老朋友

old boy network n. Brit. colloq.  preferment in employment of those from a similar social background, esp. fellow ex-pupils of public schools [英口]老同学关系网(雇佣社会背景相似的人，尤指公立学校校友)

Old Church Slavonic n.  the earliest written Slavonic language, surviving as a liturgical language in the Orthodox Church 古教会斯拉夫语(作为东正教的礼拜仪式语言)

old country n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the native country of colonists etc. (移民者等的)母国，故国

old dear n. colloq. [口]  1  an elderly woman 老妇人 2  one's mother 母亲

olden /ˈəʊld(ə)n/ adj. archaic  of old; of a former age (esp. 尤用于 in the olden days 在往昔) [古义]老的；往昔的

Old English n.  the English language up to c. 1150 (1150 年前的)古英语

Old English sheepdog n.  1  a large sheepdog with a shaggy blue-grey and white coat 英国牧羊犬(有浓密的兰灰色和白色的皮毛) 2  this breed 英国牧羊犬种

olde worlde /əʊldi ˈwɜ:ldi/ adj. often derog.  old and quaint, often in a mock old style [常贬]古老的；仿古的；离奇的

old-fashioned adj.  in or according to a fashion or tastes no longer current; antiquated 陈旧的；过时的；老式的；旧式的

Old French n.  the French language of the period before c. 1400 (1400 年前的)古法语

old fruit n.  a familiar form of address to a man (对男人的亲密称呼)老朋友，老兄

old fustic n.  1  a tropical tree, Chlorophora tinctoria, native to America 黄木(热带树木，原产美国) 2  the wood of this tree 黄木木材

old girl n.  1  a former female pupil of a school 女校友 2 colloq. [口]  a  an elderly woman 老妇人b  an affectionate term of address to a girl or woman 大姐；大娘(对女孩(或妇女)的爱称)

Old Glory n. US  the US national flag [美]美国国旗，星条旗

old gold n. & adj. ●n.  a dull brownish-gold colour 古金色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 古金色的

old guard n.  the original or past or conservative members of a group 老保守派

old hand n.  a person with much experience 老手；极富经验的人

old hat adj. colloq.  something tediously familiar or out of date [口]过时的；老式的；陈腐的

Old High German n.  High German (see 见 GERMAN) up to c. 1200 (1200 年前的)古高地德语

Old Icelandic n.  Icelandic up to the 16th c., a form of Old Norse (16 世纪以前的)古冰岛语(古斯堪的纳维亚语语种之一)

oldie /ˈəʊldi/ n. colloq.  an old person or thing [口]老人；旧的东西

old lady n. colloq.  one's mother or wife [口]母亲；妻子

old lag  see 见 LAG3 

old leaven n. (prec. by 前接 the)  traces of the unregenerate state (cf. 参见 1 Cor. 5:6 － 8) 旧习未改的痕迹

old maid n.  1 derog.  an elderly unmarried woman [贬]老处女 2  a prim and fussy person 古板神经质的人 3  a card game in which players try not to be left with an unpaired queen “老处女”(一种纸牌游戏，游戏者要想法不让手里留下单张王后牌) □ old-maidish  n.  

old man n. colloq. [口]  1  one's husband or father 丈夫；父亲 2  one's employer or other person in authority over one 老板；头儿 3 Brit.  an affectionate form of address to a boy or man [英]老兄；老朋友(对男孩(或男人)的爱称)

old man's beard n.  traveller's joy, esp. in seed 铁线莲(尤指结籽的) [so called from the grey fluffy hairs round the seeds]

old master n.  1  a great artist of former times, esp. of the 13th － 17th c. in Europe (尤指 13 至 17 世纪欧洲的)大画家 2  a painting by such a painter (13 至 17 世纪)欧洲大画家的作品

old moon n.  the moon in its last quarter, before the new moon 下弦月

Old Nick n. colloq.  the Devil [口]魔王；撒旦 [probably from a pet form of the name Nicholas]

Old Norse n.  the North Germanic language of Norway and its colonies until the 14th c., from which the Scandinavian languages are derived 古斯堪的纳维亚语(系 14 世纪北日尔曼语支，斯堪的纳维亚语的前身)

Old Pals Act n. Brit. colloq.  the principle that friends should always help one another [英口]老朋友法(老朋友应互相帮助的原则)

Old Pretender n.  James Stuart (1688 － 1766), son of James II and claimant to the British throne 老僭王(詹姆斯二世的儿子，英国王位的妄求者)

Old Prussian n.  the Baltic language spoken in Prussia until the 17th c. 古普鲁士语 (17 世纪前普鲁士使用的波罗的语)

old retainer  see 见 RETAINER 3b 

old school n.  1  traditional attitudes 传统观点 2  people having such attitudes 持有传统观点的人，守旧派

old school tie n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a necktie with a characteristic pattern worn by the pupils of a particular (usu. public) school (尤指公学学生系的有特色的)校友领带 2  the group loyalty and traditionalism associated with wearing such a tie (系此领带所表示的)守旧标志；传统主义

old soldier n.  = OLD-TIMER 

old squaw n. N. Amer.  the long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis [北美]长尾鸭

old stager n.  = OLD-TIMER 

oldster /ˈəʊldstə/ n.  an old person 老人 [OLD + -STER, on the pattern of youngster]

Old Style adj.  dating reckoned by the Julian calendar 旧历；儒略历

old-style attrib. adj.  of an old style, outmoded 老式的，过时的

Old Testament n.  the first part of the Christian Bible, containing the scriptures of the Hebrews 《圣经·旧约》

old-time attrib. adj.  belonging to former times 旧时的，过去的

old-timer n.  a person with long experience or standing 老手；有丰富经验的人

old wives' tale n.  a foolish or unscientific tradition or belief 无稽之谈；荒诞故事；迷信

old woman n. colloq. [口]  1  one's wife or mother 妻子；母亲 2  a fussy or timid man 大惊小怪的人；谨小慎微的人 □ old-womanish  adj.  

Old World n.  Europe, Asia, and Africa 旧世界(指欧洲、亚洲和非洲)

old-world adj.  belonging to or associated with old times (有关)古代世界的；旧时的

old year n.  the year just ended or about to end (刚结束或将要结束的)旧年

-ole /əʊl/ comb. form  forming names of esp. heterocyclic compounds (indole 吲哚) [构词成分]构成化合物的名称(尤指杂环化合物) [Latin oleum ‘oil’: cf. -OL2]

oleaceous /əʊliˈeiʃəs/ adj.  of the plant family Oleaceae, including olive and jasmine 木犀科植物的(如橄榄和茉莉) [modern Latin Oleaceae from Latin olea ‘olive tree’]

oleaginous /əʊliˈædʒinəs/ adj.  1  having the properties of or producing oil 油质的；产油的 2  oily, greasy 油的；油腻的 3  obsequious, ingratiating 奉承的；迎合的 [French oléagineux from Latin oleaginus, from oleum ‘oil’]

oleander /əʊliˈændə/ n.  an evergreen poisonous shrub, Nerium oleander, native to the Mediterranean and bearing clusters of white, pink, or red flowers (欧洲)夹竹桃(原产地中海，花簇生，呈白、粉或红色) [medieval Latin]

oleaster /əʊliˈæstə/ n.  any of various trees of the genus Elaeagnus, often thorny and with evergreen leathery foliage, esp. E. angustifolia bearing olive-shaped yellowish fruits Also called 亦称作 Russian olive. 胡颓子属植物(多刺、叶常青，革质，尤指沙枣，结橄榄形黄色果实) [Middle English from Latin, from olea ‘olive tree’: see -ASTER]

olecranon /əʊˈlekrənɒn, əʊliˈkreinən/ n.  a bony prominence on the upper end of the ulna at the elbow 鹰嘴(肘部尺骨上端的骨性隆起) [Greek ōle(no)kranon, from ōlenē ‘elbow’ + kranion ‘head’]

olefin /ˈəʊlifin/ n. (also 亦作 olefine) Chem. 【化】  = ALKENE  [French oléfiant ‘oil-forming’ (with reference to oily ethylene dichloride)]

oleic acid /əʊˈli:ik/ n.  an unsaturated fatty acid present in many fats and soaps 油酸(在许多脂肪和肥皂中的不饱和脂肪酸) □ oleate  /ˈəʊliət/ n.   [Latin oleum ‘oil’]

oleiferous /əʊliˈif(ə)rəs/ adj.  yielding oil 产油的 [Latin oleum ‘oil’ + -FEROUS]

oleo- /ˈəʊliəʊ, ˈɒliəʊ/ comb. form  oil [构词成分]油 [Latin oleum ‘oil’]

oleograph /ˈəʊliəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a print made to resemble an oil painting 油画式石版画

oleomargarine /ˌəʊliəʊˈmɑ:dʒəri:n, -ˈmɑ:ɡəri:n/ n.  1  a fatty substance extracted from beef fat and often used in margarine (从牛肉脂肪中提取的)脂肪物质(常用于制造人造黄油) 2 US  margarine [美]人造黄油

oleometer /əʊliˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for determining the density and purity of oils 油比重计；量油计

oleoresin /ˌəʊliəʊˈrezin/ n.  a natural or artificial mixture of essential oils and a resin, e.g. balsam 含油树脂(天然或人工的香精油和树脂的混合物，如香脂)

oleum /ˈəʊliəm/ n.  concentrated sulphuric acid containing excess sulphur trioxide in solution forming a dense corrosive liquid 发烟硫酸(含有过多的三氧化硫的浓硫酸，一种强腐蚀性的液体) [Latin, = oil]

O level /əʊ/ n. hist. [史义]  = ORDINARY LEVEL  [abbreviation]

olfaction /ɒlˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell 嗅；嗅觉 □ olfactive  adj.   [Latin olfactus ‘a smell’, from olēre ‘to smell’ + facere fact- ‘make’]

olfactory /ɒlˈfækt(ə)ri/ adj.  of or relating to the sense of smell (有关)嗅觉的  olfactory nerves  嗅神经 [Latin olfactare, frequentative of olfacere (as OLFACTION)]

olibanum /ɒˈlibənəm/ n.  a kind of frankincense 乳香 [Middle English via medieval Latin and Late Latin libanus from Greek libanos ‘frankincense’, of Semitic origin]

oligarch /ˈɒliɡɑ:k/ n.  a member of an oligarchy 寡头政治成员 [Greek oligarkhēs, from oligoi ‘few’ + arkhō ‘to rule’]

oligarchy /ˈɒliɡɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  government by a small group of people 寡头统治的政府 2  a state governed in this way 寡头统治的国家 3  the members of such a government 寡头统治集团的成员 □ oligarchic  /-ˈɡɑ:kik/ adj.  □ oligarchical  /-ˈɡɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ oligarchically  /-ˈɡɑ:kik(ə)li/ adv.   [French oligarchie or medieval Latin oligarchia from Greek oligarkhia (as OLIGARCH)]

oligo- /ˈɒliɡəʊ/ comb. form  few, slight; containing a relatively small number of units etc. [构词成分]少的；小的 [Greek oligos ‘small’, oligoi ‘few’]

Oligocene /ˈɒliɡəsi:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the third epoch of the Tertiary period, with evidence of the first primates (有关)渐新世(统)的(有灵长目动物的迹象) ●n.  this epoch or system 渐新世；渐新统 [as OLIGO- + Greek kainos ‘new’]

oligochaete /ˈɒliɡəki:t/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  an annelid worm of the division Oligochaeta, which includes the earthworms 寡毛纲环节动物(如蚯蚓) ●adj.  of or relating to this division (有关)寡毛纲环节动物的 [OLIGO- + Greek khaitē ‘long hair’ (taken as ‘bristle’), so called as having fewer bristles than polychaetes]

oligopoly /ɒliˈɡɒp(ə)li/ n. (pl. -ies)  a state of limited competition between a small number of producers or sellers 寡头垄断 □ oligopolist  n.  □ oligopolistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [OLIGO-, on the pattern of MONOPOLY]

oligosaccharide /ˌɒliɡəʊˈsækəraid/ n.  any carbohydrate whose molecules are composed of a relatively small number of monosaccharide units 低聚糖；寡糖(分子由相对少量的单糖组成)

oligotrophic /ˌɒliɡəˈtrəʊfik, -ˈtrɒf-/ adj. (of a lake etc.) relatively poor in plant nutrients (湖等)寡营养的 □ oligotrophy  /ɒliˈɡɒtrəfi/ n.  

olio /ˈəʊliəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a mixed dish; a stew of various meats and vegetables 烩菜；荤素什锦 2  a hotchpotch or miscellany 混杂物；杂集，杂录 [Spanish olla ‘stew’ from Latin olla ‘cooking pot’]

olivaceous /ɒliˈveiʃəs/ adj.  olive green; of a dusky yellowish green 橄榄绿的；暗黄绿色的

olivary /ˈɒliv(ə)ri/ adj. Anat.  olive-shaped; oval 【解】橄榄体的；椭圆形的 [Latin olivarius (as OLIVE)]

Olive /ˈɒliv/   奥利夫 [人名]

olive /ˈɒliv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 olive tree)  any evergreen tree of the genus Olea, having dark green lance-shaped leathery leaves with silvery undersides, esp. O. europaea of the Mediterranean, and O. africana native to S. Africa 橄榄树(常青木犀榄属植物，深绿色革质长形树叶，叶底呈银色，尤指地中海的油橄榄和产于南非的油橄榄) 2  the small oval fruit of this, having a hard stone and bitter flesh, green when unripe and bluish black when ripe 橄榄(果实) (果核坚硬，果肉苦涩，未熟呈绿色，熟后呈蓝黑色) 3 (in full 全称 olive green)  the greyish-green colour of an unripe olive (未成熟橄榄的)灰绿色 4  the wood of the olive tree 橄榄木 5 Anat.  each of a pair of olive-shaped swellings in the medulla oblongata 【解】橄榄体 6  a  any olive-shaped gastropod of the genus Oliva 榧螺属腹足纲软体动物b  the shell of this 榧螺壳 7  a slice of beef or veal made into a roll with stuffing inside and stewed 炖牛肉卷 8  a metal ring or fitting which is tightened under a threaded nut to form a seal, as in a compression joint 密封垫圈 ●adj.  1 (in full 全称 olive green; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  coloured like an unripe olive 灰绿色的 2 (of the complexion) yellowish brown, sallow (肤色)黄褐色的；土色的 [Middle English via Old French and Latin oliva from Greek elaia, from elaion ‘oil’]

olive branch n.  1  the branch of an olive tree as a symbol of peace 橄榄枝(和平的象征) 2  a gesture of reconciliation or friendship 和解(友谊)的姿态

olive crown n.  a garland of olive leaves as a sign of victory (作为胜利标志的)橄榄叶花冠

olive drab n. & adj. ●n.  the dull olive-green colour used in certain army uniforms (军服的)草绿色；橄榄绿 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 草绿色的

olive green  see 见 OLIVE n. 3, adj. 1 

olive oil n.  an oil extracted from olives, used esp. in cookery (尤指用于烹调的)橄榄油

Oliver /ˈɒlivə/   奥利弗 [人名]

Olivia /ɒˈliviə/   奥利维亚 [人名]

olivine /ˈɒlivi:n, -ain/ n. Mineral.  a naturally occurring form of magnesium-iron silicate, usu. olive green and found in igneous rocks 【矿】橄榄石(通常橄榄绿色，堆积在火山岩中)

olla podrida /ˌɒlə pə(ʊ)ˈdri:də/ n.  = OLIO  [Spanish, literally ‘rotten pot’ (as OLIO + Latin putridus: cf. PUTRID)]

Ollie /ˈɒli/   奥利 [人名]

olm /əʊlm, ɒlm/ n.  a blind cave-dwelling salamander, Proteus anguinus, native to SE Europe, usu. transparent but turning brown in light and having external gills 洞螈(欧洲东南部产的一种盲蝾螈，透明，在光线下变成褐色，有外腮) [German]

-ology comb. form [构词成分]  see 见 -LOGY 

oloroso /ɒləˈrəʊsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a heavy dark medium-sweet sherry 甜雪利酒 [Spanish, literally ‘fragrant’]

Olympiad /əˈlimpiæd/ n.  1  a  a period of four years between Olympic Games, used by the ancient Greeks in dating events (古希腊人)两次奥林匹亚竞技会之间的 4 年时间b  a four-yearly celebration of the ancient Olympic Games (4 年一度的)古代奥林匹克运动会 2  a celebration of the modern Olympic Games 现代奥林匹克运动会 3  a regular international contest in chess etc. 定期的国际比赛(如国际象棋赛等) [Middle English via French Olympiade and Latin Olympias Olympiad- from Greek Olumpias Olumpiad-, from Olumpios: see OLYMPIAN, OLYMPIC]

Olympian /əˈlimpiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or associated with Mount Olympus in NE Greece, traditionally the home of the Greek gods (希腊东北部希腊神所居住的)奥林匹斯山的b  celestial, godlike 神圣的；似神的，超凡脱俗的 2 (of manners etc.) magnificent, condescending, superior (举止)威严的；有优越感的；高傲的 3  a  of or relating to ancient Olympia in southern Greece 奥林匹亚(位于希腊南部)的b  = OLYMPIC  ●n.  1  any of the pantheon of twelve gods regarded as living on Olympus 奥林匹斯山的 12 神之一 2  a person of great attainments or of superhuman calm and detachment 造诣很深的人；超然冷静的人 3  a competitor in the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会选手 [Latin Olympus or Olympia: see OLYMPIC]

Olympic /əˈlimpik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of ancient Olympia or the Olympic Games (有关)古代奥林匹亚的；(有关)奥林匹克运动会的 ●n. pl. (作 the Olympics)  the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 [Latin Olympicus from Greek Olumpikos ‘of Olympus or Olympia’ (the latter being named from the games in honour of Zeus of Olympus)]

Olympic Games n. pl.  1  an ancient Greek festival held at Olympia every four years, with athletic, literary, and musical competitions 古希腊奥林匹亚竞技会(每 4 年举行一次，包括运动、文学和音乐竞赛) 2  a modern international revival of this as a sports festival held every four years since 1896 in different venues 奥林匹克运动会(自 1896 年以来恢复， 4 年一次，在不同地点举行)

O. & M. abbr.  organization and methods [缩略]组织与方法

OM abbr. (in the UK) Order of Merit [缩略] (英国)功绩勋章

-oma /ˈəʊmə/ suffix  forming nouns denoting tumours and other abnormal growths (carcinoma 癌) 构成名词，表示“瘤、肿块” [modern Latin from Greek -ōma, a suffix denoting the result of verbal action]

Oman   阿曼

Omani /əuˈmɑ:ni/ adj. & n.  阿曼的(人)

omasum /əʊˈmeisəm/ n. (pl. omasa /-sə/)  the third stomach of a ruminant 重瓣胃(反刍动物的第三个胃) [Latin, = bullock's tripe]

ombre /ˈɒmbə, ˈɒmbrei/ n.  a card game for three, popular in Europe in the 17th － 18th c. 奥伯尔牌戏 (17 至 18 世纪在欧洲流行的 3 人牌戏) [Spanish hombre ‘man’, with reference to one player seeking to win the pool]

ombro- /ˈɒmbrəʊ/ comb. form  rain [构词成分]雨 [Greek ombros ‘rain-shower’]

ombré /ˈɒ˜brei/ adj. (of a fabric etc.) having gradual shading of colour from light to dark (织物)由浅到深的色条纹布 [French, past part. of ombrer ‘to shadow’ (as UMBER)]

ombudsman /ˈɒmbʊdzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  an official appointed by a government to investigate individuals' complaints against public authorities etc. 调查官(专查市民对官方的控告) [Swedish, = legal representative]

-ome /əʊm/ suffix  forming nouns denoting objects or parts of a specified nature (rhizome 根状茎 ; trichome 毛状体) 构成名词，表示“有某一特性的物体或部分” [variant of -OMA]

omega /ˈəʊmiɡə/ n.  1  the last (24th) letter of the Greek alphabet (Ω，ω) 希腊语的最后一个(第 24 个)字母(Ω，ω) 2  the last of a series; the final development (一连串中的)最后一个；最后进展；结局 [Greek, ō mega = great O]

omelette /ˈɒmlit/ n. (also 亦作 omelet)  a dish of beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan and served plain or with a savoury or sweet filling 煎蛋饼；炒蛋 [French, earlier amelette by metathesis from alumette, variant of alumelle, from lemele ‘knife blade’ (probably with reference to the thin flat shape of an omelette) from Latin lamella: see LAMELLA]

omen /ˈəʊmən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an occurrence or object regarded as portending good or evil 征兆；兆头 2  prophetic significance 预兆性  of good omen  好兆头 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  portend; foreshow 预示；预告；预测 □ omened  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Latin omen ominis]

omentum /əʊˈmentəm/ n. (pl. omenta /-tə/)  a fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs 网膜(连接胃和其他腹部器官的皱襞) □ omental  adj.   [Latin]

omertɑˋ /əʊmɛəˈtɑ:, 意 omerˈta/ n.  a code of silence, esp. as practised by the Mafia 沉默准则(尤指黑手党徒的一种行为准则) [Italian, = conspiracy of silence]

omicron /ə(ʊ)ˈmaikrɒn/ n.  the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (O, o) 希腊语的第 15 个字母 (O, o) [Greek, o mikron = small o]

ominous /ˈɒminəs/ adj.  1  threatening; indicating disaster or difficulty 有潜在危险的；预示未来灾祸(或困难)的 2  of evil omen; inauspicious 恶兆的；凶兆的 3  giving or being an omen 预示的；预兆的 □ ominously  adv.  □ ominousness  n.   [Latin ominosus (as OMEN)]

omission /ə(ʊ)ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of omitting or being omitted 遗漏，疏忽 2  something that has been omitted or overlooked 被遗漏(疏忽、忽略)的事物 □ omissive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French omission or Late Latin omissio (as OMIT)]

omit /ə(ʊ)ˈmit/ v. tr. (omitted, omitting)  1  leave out; not insert or include 忽视；省略；排除 2  leave undone 没做 3 (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun or to + infin.)  fail or neglect 忘记，疏忽  omitted saying anything  忘记说了什么 omitted to say  忘说了 □ omissible  adj.   [Middle English from Latin omittere omiss- (as OB-, mittere ‘send’)]

ommatidium /ɒməˈtidiəm/ n. (pl. ommatidia /-diə/)  a structural element in the compound eye of an insect (昆虫的)小眼 [modern Latin from Greek ommatidion, diminutive of omma ommat- ‘eye’]

omni- /ˈɒmni/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  all; of all things 全部；一切 2  in all ways or places 以各种方式；在所有地方 [Latin from omnis ‘all’]

omnibus /ˈɒmnibəs/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 formal [正式]  = BUSn. 1  2  a  a volume containing several novels etc. previously published separately (以前分别出版的几部小说等的)汇编b  a single edition of two or more consecutive programmes previously broadcast separately 单行版本(由以前分别播出的几期系列节目汇编而成) ●adj.  1  serving several purposes at once 多种用途的 2  comprising several items 多项的；综合的 [French from Latin (dative pl. of omnis), = for all]

omnicompetent /ɒmniˈkɒmpit(ə)nt/ adj.  1  able to deal with all matters 可处理一切事项的 2  having jurisdiction in all cases 全权的(对案件有全部管辖权) □ omnicompetence  n.  

omnidirectional /ˌɒmnidiˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, -dai-/ adj. (of an aerial etc.) receiving or transmitting in all directions (天线等)全向的

omnifarious /ɒmniˈfɛəriəs/ adj.  of all sorts or varieties 各种各样的；五花八门的 [Late Latin omnifarius (as OMNI-): cf. MULTIFARIOUS]

omnipotent /ɒmˈnipət(ə)nt/ adj.  1  having great or absolute power 全能的；有无限权利的 2  having great influence 有巨大影响力的 □ omnipotence  n.  □ omnipotently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin omnipotens (as OMNI-, POTENT1)]

omnipresent /ɒmniˈprez(ə)nt/ adj.  1  present everywhere at the same time 无所不在的 2  widely or constantly encountered 普遍存在的 □ omnipresence  n.   [medieval Latin omnipraesens (as OMNI-, PRESENT1)]

omniscient /ɒmˈnisiənt/ adj.  knowing everything or much 无所不知的；博识的 □ omniscience  n.  □ omnisciently  adv.   [medieval Latin omnisciens -entis (as OMNI-, scire ‘know’)]

omnium gatherum /ˌɒmniəm ˈɡæðərəm/ n. colloq.  a miscellany or strange mixture [口]混杂；乱七八糟的混合物 [mock Latin, from Latin omnium ‘of all’ + GATHER]

omnivorous /ɒmˈniv(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  feeding on many kinds of food, esp. on both plants and flesh 无所不吃的；杂食性的 2  making use of everything available 什么都利用的；无所不吸收的 □ omnivore  /ˈɒmnivɔ:/ n.  □ omnivorously  adv.  □ omnivorousness  n.   [Latin omnivorus (as OMNI-, -VOROUS)]

omphalo- /ˈɒmfələʊ/ comb. form  navel [构词成分]脐 [Greek (as OMPHALOS)]

omphalos /ˈɒmfəlɒs/ n.  1 Gk Antiq.  a conical stone (esp. that at Delphi) representing the navel of the earth [古希腊] (尤指在特尔斐标志世界中心的)圆锥形神石 2 Gk Antiq.  a boss on a shield [古希腊]盾中央的浮凸饰 3  a centre or hub 中心；中枢 [Greek, = navel, boss, hub]

on /ɒn/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1 (so as to be) supported by or attached to or covering or enclosing (表示支撑、连接、覆盖或围绕)在…上  sat on a chair  坐在椅子上 stuck on the wall  粘在墙上 rings on her fingers  手指上的戒指 leaned on his elbow  倚靠在肘上 2  carried with; about the person of 随身携带  have you a pen on you?  你身上带钢笔了吗？ 3 (of time) exactly at; during; contemporaneously with 就在…的时候；在…期间；和…同时  on 29 May  在 5 月 29 日 on the hour  准点地 on schedule  按时 working on Tuesday  在星期二工作 4  immediately after or before 在…之后(前)立即  I saw them on my return  我一回来就看见他们 5  as a result of 作为…的结果  on further examination I found this  进一步检查之后我发现了这一点 6  having, or so as to have, membership etc. of, or residence at or in 是…的成员；在…供职；居住在  she is on the board of directors  她是董事会的董事 lives on the Continent  居于欧洲大陆 7  supported financially by 靠…(财力)维持  lives on £ 50 a week  靠每周 50 英镑生活 lives on his wits  靠欺诈过日子 8  close to; just by 靠近；在…旁  a house on the sea  海边的一座房子 lives on the main road  居住在主干道边 9  in the direction of; against 向(朝、对)着 10  so as to threaten; touching or striking 威胁；碰；打  advanced on him  向他逼近 pulled a knife on me  拔出刀对着我 a punch on the nose  在鼻子上击了一拳 11  having as an axis or pivot 作为轴(支点)  turned on his heels  他突然转身 12  having as a basis or motive 以…为基础(或动力)  works on a ratchet  靠棘轮带动 arrested on suspicion  有嫌疑而被捕 13  having as a standard, confirmation, or guarantee 作为标准(证明、担保)  had it on good authority  有确实可靠的根据 did it on purpose  做这件事是有目的的 I promise on my word  以我的名誉担保 14  concerning or about 涉及；关于  writes on frogs  写关于青蛙的著作 15  using or engaged with 使用…，忙于…  is on the pill  在服避孕药 here on business  因公在此 16  so as to affect 影响  walked out on her  抛弃她 17  at the expense of 归…付；在损害…的情况下  the drinks are on me  这些酒由我支付钱 the joke is on him  开他的玩笑 18  added to 加上  disaster on disaster  接二连三的灾祸 ten pence on a pint of beer  1 品脱啤酒 10 便士 19  in a specified manner or style 以一种特定的方式(或风格) often foll. by 常后跟 the + adj. or noun: on the cheap  便宜地 on the run  逃跑 ●adv.  1 (so as to be) covering or in contact with something, esp. of clothes 覆盖着；与…相连(尤指衣服)  put your boots on  穿上你的靴子 2  in the appropriate direction; towards something 向；朝着  look on  观看 3  further forward; in an advanced position or state 向前；前进  time is getting on  时光在不断流逝 it happened later on  稍后事情发生了 4  with continued movement or action 继续运动(或行动)  went plodding on  继续缓慢地向前行走 keeps on complaining  不断地抱怨 5  in operation or activity 在进行中；运转着  the light is on  灯开着 the chase was on  追捕在进行中 6  due to take place as planned 按计划如期进行  is the party still on?  晚会仍按期进行吗？ 7 colloq. [口]  a (of a person) willing to participate or approve, or make a bet 自愿参加；赞成；打赌b esp. Brit. (of an idea, proposal, etc.) practicable or acceptable [尤英] (想法、提议等)可实行的；可接受的  that's just not on  那不可行 8  being shown or performed 上演；演出  a good film on tonight  今夜上演的一部好片子 9 (of an actor) on stage (指演员)在舞台上 10 (of an employee) on duty (指雇员)值班；上班 11  forward 向前  head on  迎面地 ●n. (in full 全称 on side) Cricket 【板球】  = LEGn. 6  □ be on about  Brit.  refer to or discuss esp. tediously or persistently [英] (尤指令人生厌地、反复地)提及；讨论  what are they on about?  他们没完没了地在讲什么？□ be on at  Brit. colloq.  nag or grumble at [英口]对…唠叨；不停地抱怨□ be on to   1  realize the significance or intentions of 了解…的重要意义；了解…意图 2  get in touch with (esp. by telephone) (尤指通过电话)跟…联系□ on and off   intermittently; now and then 断断续续地；间歇地□ on and on   continually; at tedious length 继续地；不停地□ on time   punctual, punctually 准时的；准时地□ on to   to a position or state on or in contact with (cf. 参见 ONTO) 到…地位(或状态)；与…联系 [Old English on, an, from Germanic]

-on /ɒn/ suffix Physics, Biochem. & Chem. forming nouns denoting 【物理学】【生化】【化】构成名词，表示 :  1  subatomic particles (meson 介子 ; neutron 中子) 亚原子粒子 2  quanta (photon 光量子) 量子 3  molecular units (codon 密码子) 分子单位 4  substances (interferon 干扰素 ; parathion 对硫磷) 物质 [ION, originally in electron]

onager /ˈɒnəɡə/ n.  1  a wild ass, esp. Equus hemionus of a race native to central Asia 野驴(尤指赛驴，产于亚洲中部) 2 hist.  an ancient military engine for throwing rocks [史义]弩炮(古时用以发射石头的军械) [Middle English via Latin from Greek onagros, from onos ‘ass’ + agrios ‘wild’]

onanism /ˈəʊnəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  masturbation 手淫 2  coitus interruptus 不完全性交 □ onanist  n.  □ onanistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [French onanisme or modern Latin onanismus, from the name Onan (Gen. 38:9)]

on-board attrib. adj.  available or situated on board a ship, aircraft, etc. Cf. 参见 on board (see 见 BOARD) (船、飞机等)供应的；装载的；在飞机(船)上的  on-board facilities  飞机或船上的设施

ONC abbr. hist. (in the UK) Ordinary National Certificate [缩略] [史义] (英国)国家普通合格证书

once /wʌns/ adv., conj. & n. ●adv.  1  on one occasion or for one time only 一次；一回  once is not enough  一次不够 have read it once  曾读了一遍 2  at some point or period in the past 曾经；一度  could once play chess  曾会下棋 3  ever or at all 一旦  if you once forget it  你一旦忘记它的话 4  multiplied by one; by one degree 乘以一 ●conj.  as soon as 一…就…  once they have gone we can relax  他们一走我们就可以休息 ●n.  one time or occasion 一次；一回  just the once  就那一次 □ all at once   1  without warning; suddenly 忽然；突然 2  all together 一起□ at once   1  immediately 马上 2  simultaneously 同时□ for once   on this (or that) occasion, even if at no other 就这(那)一次；破例一次□ once again (or more)   another time 再一次□ once and for all (or once for all)  (done) in a final or conclusive manner, esp. so as to end hesitation or uncertainty 一劳永逸地，一次了结地(尤指结束犹豫不定、不确定的状态)□ once (or every once) in a while   from time to time; occasionally 偶尔；间或□ once or twice   a few times 一两次；几次□ once upon a time   1  at some vague time in the past 从前 2  formerly 以前 [Middle English ɑˉnes, ōnes, genitive of ONE]

once-over n. colloq.  a rapid preliminary inspection or piece of work [口]草草地过目；匆匆地检查；草草了事

oncer /ˈwʌnsə/ n.  1 Brit. hist. slang  a one-pound note [英史义] [俚语] 1 英镑的纸币 2 Brit. colloq.  a thing that occurs only once [英口]只发生一次的事 3 Austral. colloq. [澳口]  a  an election of an MP likely to serve only one term 只任一期的议员选举b  such an MP 只任一期的议员

onchocerciasis /ˌɒŋkəʊsɜ:ˈsaiəsis, -ˈkaiəsis/ n. Med.  infestation with parasitic threadworms of the genus Onchocerca; esp. river blindness, caused by O. volvulus 【医】盘尾丝虫病(盘丝属蛲虫大量寄生引起，尤指旋盘尾丝虫引起的盲症) [genus name Onchocerca (Greek ogkos ‘barb’ + kerkos ‘tail’) + -IASIS]

onco- /ˈɒŋkəʊ/ comb. form Med.  tumour [构词成分]【医】瘤；肿块 [Greek ogkos ‘mass’]

oncogene /ˈɒŋkədʒi:n/ n.  a gene which can transform a cell into a tumour cell 致癌基因

oncogenic /ɔŋkə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj. Med.  causing development of a tumour or tumours 【医】瘤原性的；致瘤的 □ oncogenicity  /-ˈnisiti/ n.  

oncology /ɒŋˈkɒlədʒi/ n. Med.  the study and treatment of tumours 【医】肿瘤学 □ oncologist  n.  

oncoming /ˈɒnkʌmiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  approaching from the front 迎面而来的；即将到来的 ●n.  an approach or onset 来临；开始

oncost /ˈɒnkɒst/ n. Brit.  an overhead expense [英]间接成本

OND abbr. hist. (in the UK) Ordinary National Diploma [缩略] [史义] (英国)国家正式毕业证书

ondes martenot /ɔ˜:d ˈmɑ:t(ə)nəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Mus.  an electronic keyboard producing one note of variable pitch 【音】马特诺电子琴(一种键盘电琴，一个音符可发出不同的音高) [French ondes musicales, literally ‘musical waves’ (original name of the instrument) + the name of its French inventor, M. Martenot d. 1980]

on dit /ɒ˜ ˈdi:, 法 ɔ˜ di/ n. (pl. on dits pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a piece of gossip or hearsay 闲言碎语；道听途说 [French, = they say]

one /wʌn/ adj., n. & pron. ●adj.  1  single and integral in number 一个的；一体的 2 (with a noun implied) a single person or thing of the kind expressed or implied (与名词连用，表示之前所表达或暗指的)某一个的  one of the best  最好之一 a nasty one  下流的人 3  a  particular but undefined, esp. as contrasted with another (尤指与另一个对比)一个的；一种的  that is one view  那是一种观点 one thing after another  一件接一件事b colloq. (as an emphatic) a noteworthy example of [口] (作为强调)一个确实…的  that is one difficult question  这确实是一个难回答的问题 4  only such 只有这样的  the one man who can do it  只有这样的男人才能做此 5  forming a unity 构成一个联合体的  one and undivided  不可分割的一体 6  identical; the same 一致的；同一的  of one opinion  意见相同 ●n.  1  a  the lowest cardinal number (最小的基数)一b  a thing numbered with it (一个)人；(一件)事 2  unity; a unit 一个；单一实体  one is half of two  1 是 2 的一半 came in ones and twos  三三两两地进来 3  a single thing or person or example 一件东西；一个人；一个事例 often referring to a noun previously expressed or implied 用于指之前出现过的或暗指的名词 : the big dog and the small one  大狗和小狗 4  one o'clock 1 点钟 5 colloq.  an alcoholic drink [口]一杯酒  have a quick one  很快地喝(完)了一杯酒 have one on me (喝了) 这杯酒，我请 6  a story or joke 故事；笑话  the one about the frog  关于青蛙的故事 ●pron.  1  a person of a specified kind (某种)人  loved ones  被爱的人 like one possessed  像着了魔一样 2  any person, as representing people in general 任何人(泛指)  one is bound to lose in the end  最后注定要失败的 3  any person; the speaker or writer as representing people in general; I, me 本人；自己(泛指讲话者、作者、我)  one would like to help  人们都是愿意提供帮助的 □ at one   in agreement 一致□ for one   being one, even if the only one 是一个(哪怕就一个)  I for one do not believe it  起码我就不相信□ for one thing   as a single consideration, ignoring others 首先；一则□ one and all   everyone 每个人；人人□ one and only   1  unique 惟一的；独一无二的 2  superb, unequalled 极好的；不能比拟的□ one by one   singly, successively 一个一个地；依次地□ one day   1  on an unspecified day 某一天 2  at some unspecified future date 总有一天□ one or two   see 见 OR1  [Old English ɑˉn, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the pronoun one to mean ‘any person’, ‘I’, or ‘me’ (see sense 3 of the pronoun) is often regarded as an affectation, but can be useful when a less personal statement is being made, e.g. One never knows what might happen. However, it should not be mixed with he (him, his, etc.), and repeated use in a long sentence may seem clumsy, e.g. One never knows how one would react if one's house were to burn down. The less formal you can usually replace it successfully and is safer when one is launching into a long statement. one 作代词意为“任何人”，“我”，或“我”(宾格)时(见代词释义 3) ，常有矫揉造作之嫌，但可用于表达一些非个人的观点。如 One never knows what might happen (人们永远不会知道要发生什么)。然而 one 不能和 he (him, his 等)混用，在长句中反复使用会显得别扭，如 One never knows how one would react if one's house were to burn down (人永远不会知道在其房子被夷为平地时该作何反应)。在长句中不太正式的 you 通常可替换 one ，这种用法更为稳妥。 

-one /əʊn/ suffix Chem.  forming nouns denoting various compounds, esp. ketones (acetone 丙酮) 【化】构成名词，表示不同化合物(尤指酮) [Greek fem. patronymic -ōnē]

one another pron.  each the other or others 互相 as a formula of reciprocity 一种惯用法，表相互性 : love one another  互爱

one-armed bandit n. Brit. colloq.  a fruit machine worked by a long handle at the side [英口] (在侧面有一个长柄的)吃角子老虎机

one flesh n. (of two people) intimately united, esp. by virtue of marriage (Gen. 2:24) (两个人)亲密地结合(尤指通过婚姻) (《创世纪》 2:24)

onefold /ˈwʌnfəʊld/ adj.  consisting of only one member or element; simple 仅含一个的；单一的

one-horse attrib. adj.  1  using a single horse 由一匹马拖拉的 2 colloq.  small, poorly equipped [口]小的；设备简陋的

one-horse race n.  a competition etc. in which one competitor is clearly superior to all the others (比赛等)就看其一人的比赛(其中一个竞赛者明显优于所有其他参赛者)

oneiric /ə(ʊ)ˈnairik/ adj.  of or relating to dreams or dreaming (有关)梦的；(有关)做梦的 [Greek oneiros ‘dream’]

oneiro- /ə(ʊ)ˈnairəʊ/ comb. form  dream [构词成分]梦 [Greek oneiros ‘dream’]

oneiromancy /əˈnairəmænsi/ n.  the interpretation of dreams 解梦

one-liner n. colloq.  a single brief sentence, often witty or apposite [口]简练的诙谐话(通常很机智且得当)

one-man attrib. adj.  involving, done, or operated by only one man 一人的；由一人做的，一人经营的

oneness /ˈwʌnnis/ n.  1  the fact or state of being one; singleness 单一，惟一；单一性 2  uniqueness 独一无二 3  agreement; unity of opinion (意见)统一 4  identity, sameness 一致；同一

one-night stand n.  1  a single performance of a play etc. in a place (在某地的)一次演出 2 colloq.  a sexual liaison lasting only one night [口]一夜情；露水夫妻关系

one-off adj. & n. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] ●attrib. adj.  made or done as the only one; not repeated 做一次的；一次性的；不重复的 ●n.  a one-off product, event, etc. 一次性产品(事件等)

one-piece adj.  made in one piece, esp. (of a bathing suit etc.) made as a single garment (尤指游泳衣等)整块的；上下身连在一起的

oner /ˈwʌnə/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  one pound (of money) 1 英镑 2  a remarkable person or thing 卓越的人；独特的东西

onerous /ˈəʊn(ə)rəs, ˈɒn-/ adj.  1  burdensome; causing or requiring trouble 繁重的；麻烦的 2 Law  involving heavy obligations 【法律】承担过重义务的 □ onerously  adv.  □ onerousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French onereus from Latin onerosus, from onus oneris ‘burden’]

oneself /wʌnˈself/ pron.  the reflexive and (in apposition) emphatic form of one 自己，自身(反身代词，与 one 并置时是其强调形式)  kill oneself  自杀 one has to do it oneself  必须自己做

one-sided adj.  1  favouring one side in a dispute; unfair, partial (辩论中)倾向一边的；不公正的；偏袒的 2  having or occurring on one side only 单侧的；单边的 3  larger or more developed on one side 不均衡的，不等的 □ one-sidedly  adv.  □ one-sidedness  n.  

one-step n.  a vigorous kind of foxtrot in duple time 一步舞(一种有力的两拍狐步舞)

one-time attrib. adj.  former 从前的

one-to-one adj. & adv.  with one member of one group corresponding to one of another 一对一的(地)

one-track mind n.  a mind preoccupied with one subject 单向狭隘的思路

one-two n. colloq. [口]  1 Boxing  the delivery of two punches in quick succession 【拳击】连续的两击 2 Football  etc. a series of reciprocal passes between two advancing players 【足球】(两个进攻队员的互相传球)二过一

one-up adj. colloq.  having a particular advantage [口]胜人一筹的；占上风的

one-upmanship n. colloq.  the art of gaining or maintaining a psychological advantage [口]心理胜利法的艺术

one-way adj.  allowing movement or travel in one direction only 单行的；单程的

onflow /ˈɒnfləʊ/ n.  an onward flow 奔流；洪流

onglaze /ˈɒnɡleiz/ adj. (of painting etc.) done on a glazed surface (绘画等)在釉上绘制的

ongoing /ˈɒnɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1  continuing to exist or be operative etc. (存在、运行等)不间断的；在进行中的  an ongoing problem  存在的问题 2  that is or are in progress 前进的  ongoing discussions  在进行中的讨论 □ ongoingness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 The vague or tautologous use of ongoing, as in the cliché an ongoing situation, should be avoided. 应避免 ongoing 含糊或重复的用法，如套语 an ongoing stituation (发展中的形势)。 

onion /ˈʌnjən/ n.  1  an allium, Allium cepa, having a swollen bulb with many concentric layers and bearing greenish-white flowers 洋葱(一种葱属植物，球茎有许多同心层，开浅绿色花) 2  the bulb of this, used for its pungent taste in cooking, pickling, etc. 洋葱头(味道浓烈，用于烹调、腌制泡菜等) □ know one's onions   be fully knowledgeable or experienced 精明干练；精通本行□ oniony  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo -French union, Old French oignon, ultimately from Latin unio -onis]

onion dome n.  a dome which bulges in the middle and rises to a point, used esp. in Russian church architecture 洋葱头形圆顶(尤用于俄式教堂建筑)

onion-skin n.  1  the brown outermost skin or any outer skin of an onion 洋葱的外皮 2  thin smooth translucent paper 薄而透明的纸

on-line adj. & adv. Computing 【计算】  ●adj. (of equipment or a process) directly controlled by or connected to a central processor (设备、程序)直接受中央处理机控制的；与中央处理机相联接的；联机的 ●adv.  while thus controlled or connected 联线地；联机地

onlooker /ˈɒnlʊkə/ n.  a non-participating observer; a spectator 旁观者；观众 □ onlooking  adj.  

only /ˈəʊnli/ adv., adj. & conj. ●adv.  1  solely, merely, exclusively; and no one or nothing more besides 惟一地；仅有地；独占地；单独地  I only want to sit down  我只想坐下 will only make matters worse  只会使事情更糟 needed six only  只要 6 个 is only a child  还只是个孩子 2  no longer ago than 不比…更久；还  saw them only yesterday  昨天还见过他们 3  not until 才  arrives only on Tuesday  星期二才到 4  with no better result than 不料；结果却  hurried home only to find her gone  急忙赶回家，不料她却走了 ●attrib. adj.  1  existing alone of its or their kind 惟一的；仅存的  their only son  他们惟一的儿子 2  best or alone worth knowing 最好的；独一无二的  the only place to eat  最适合吃饭的地方 ●conj. colloq. [口]  1  except that; but for the fact that 若非；如果不是…  I would go, only I feel ill  如果不是我病了，我会去的 2  but then (as an extra consideration) 但；然而(作进一步考虑)  he always makes promises, only he never keeps them  他总是做出承诺，然而他却很少兑现 □ only too   extremely 极，非常  is only too willing  非常愿意 [Old English ɑˉnlic, œˉnlic, Middle English onliche (as ONE, -LY2)]■Usage 用法说明 In informal English only is usually placed between the subject and verb regardless of what it refers to (e.g. I only want to talk to you); in more formal English it is often placed more exactly, especially to avoid ambiguity (e.g. I want to talk only to you). In speech, intonation usually serves to clarify the sense. 在非正式英语中，不管 only 指的是什么，通常都放在主语和谓语之间(如 I only want to talk to you 我只想和你谈谈)；在正式英语中， only 通常所放的位置较准确，以避免含糊(如 I want to talk only to you 我想只和你谈)。在谈话中，语调通常可使意思更明确。 

only-begotten adj. literary  begotten as the only child [文学用语]独生子(女)的

o.n.o. abbr. Brit.  or near offer [缩略] [英]或依买方接近售价的出价

on-off adj.  1 (of a switch) having two positions, ‘on’ and ‘off’ (开关)双位的，开－关的 2  = on and off (see 见 ON) 

onomastic /ɒnəˈmæstik/ adj.  relating to names or nomenclature 名称的；专有名称的 [Greek onomastikos from onoma ‘name’]

onomastics /ɒnəˈmæstiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the study of the origin and formation of (esp. personal) proper names 专名学(对专有名称，尤指人的专有名称的起源和构成的研究)

onomatopoeia /ˌɒnə(ʊ)mætəˈpi:ə/ n.  1  the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g. 如 cuckoo 布谷鸟， sizzle 咝咝声) 拟声 2  the use of such words 拟声法 □ onomatopoeic  adj.  □ onomatopoeically  adv.   [Late Latin from Greek onomatopoiia ‘word-making’, from onoma -matos ‘name’ + poieō ‘make’]

onrush /ˈɒnrʌʃ/ n.  an onward rush 猛冲；突袭，攻击

on-screen adj. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  appearing on a cinema, television, or VDU screen (电影、电视或视觉显示器的)银幕上的，屏幕上的 ●adv.  1  on or by means of a screen 在屏幕上；通过屏幕 2  within the view presented by a cinema film scene (在电影镜头的)视野内

on-set attrib. adj.  taking place or occurring on the set of a play or film 发生在戏剧场地或摄影棚的

onset /ˈɒnset/ n.  1  an attack 攻击，袭击 2  a beginning, esp. an energetic or determined one (尤指有力、坚决的)开始

onshore adj. & adv. ●adj. /ˈɒnʃɔ:/  1  on the shore 在岸上的 2 (of the wind) blowing from the sea towards the land (风)从海上吹向陆地的 ●adv. /ɒnˈʃɔ:/  on or towards the land 在岸上；向岸

on side  see 见 ON n. 

onside /ɒnˈsaid, ˈɒnsaid/ adj. & adv. (of a player in a field game) in a lawful position; not offside (运动员在田径比赛中)在法定位置的；没有越位的

on-site attrib. adj.  taking place or available on a site or premises 现场的；就地的

onslaught /ˈɒnslɔ:t/ n.  a fierce attack 突击；猛攻 [earlier anslaight from Middle Dutch aenslag, from aen ‘on’ + slag ‘blow’, with assimilation to obsolete slaught ‘slaughter’]

on-stage attrib. adj.  on the stage; visible to the audience 在舞台上的；观众看得到的

on-street attrib. adj. (with reference to parking vehicles) at the side of a street (指所泊车辆)在街道一边的

Ont. abbr.  Ontario [缩略] (加拿大)安大略省

-ont /ɒnt/ comb. form Biol.  denoting an individual of a specified type (symbiont 共生生物) [构词成分]【生】表示“专有种类的个体” [Greek ōn ont- ‘being’, pres. part. of eimi ‘be’]

Ontario /ɒnˈteəriəu/ n.  安大略湖(即 Lake Ontario) [北美洲]

onto /ˈɒntu:/ prep. disp.  to a position or state on or in contact with (cf. 参见 on to) [异议]向…让；到…之上■Usage 用法说明 The form onto is still not fully accepted in the way that into is, although it is in wide use. It is however useful in distinguishing sense as between We drove onto the beach (i.e. in that direction) and We drove on to the beach (i.e. in contact with it). onto 这种形式虽被广泛应用，但不如 into 那样被完全接受。然而在区分下面含义时确实有用 : We drove on to the beach (我们向海滩驶去) (表示方向)和 We drove onto the beach (我们开上海滩) (表示接触)。 

ontogenesis /ɒntə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  the origin and development of an individual (cf. 参见 PHYLOGENESIS) 个体发生；个体发育 □ ontogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ ontogenetically  /-dʒiˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.   [formed as ONTOGENY + Greek genesis ‘birth’]

ontogeny /ɒnˈtɒdʒəni/ n.  = ONTOGENESIS  □ ontogenic  /-təˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ ontogenically  /-təˈdʒenik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek ōn ont- ‘being’ (see -ONT) + -GENY]

ontology /ɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being 本体论；实体论(形而上学的分科) □ ontological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ontologically  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ ontologist  n.   [modern Latin ontologia, from Greek ōn ont- ‘being’ (see -ONT) + -LOGY]

onus /ˈəʊnəs/ n. (pl. onuses)  a burden, duty, or responsibility 负担；责任；义务 [Latin]

onward /ˈɒnwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 onwards)  1  further on 向前地；前进地 2  towards the front 向前 3  with advancing motion 向前移动地 4  into the future 往前；向未来地  from 1996 onward  从 1996 年起 ●adj.  directed onwards 向前的；前进的

onychophoran /ɒniˈkɒf(ə)rən/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a soft-bodied arthropod of the class Onychophora, with a long body and stubby legs, sometimes regarded as intermediate between annelids and arthropods 栉蚕(有爪动物纲的软体节肢动物，体长、腿短粗，有时被认为是介于环节动物与节肢动物的中间产物) ●adj.  of or relating to this class (有关)有爪动物纲的 [Greek onux onukh- ‘nail, claw’ + -phoros ‘bearing’]

onyx /ˈɒniks, ˈəʊniks/ n.  a semi-precious variety of agate with different colours in layers 缟玛瑙(次等玛瑙，拥有不同的颜色层) [Middle English via Old French oniche, onix and Latin from Greek onux ‘fingernail, onyx’]

onyx marble n.  banded calcite etc. used as a decorative material 条纹大理石(有条状图案的方解石等，用作装饰材料)

oo- /ˈəʊə/ comb. form  egg, ovum [构词成分]蛋(卵) [Greek ōion ‘egg’]

oocyte /ˈəʊəsait/ n.  an immature ovum in an ovary (在卵巢内的)卵母细胞

oodles /ˈu:d(ə)lz/ n. pl. colloq.  a very great amount [口]许多；大量 [19th-c. US: origin unknown]

oof /u:f/ n. slang  money, cash [俚语]钱；现金 [Yiddish ooftisch, German auf dem Tische ‘on the table’ (of money in gambling)]

oofy /ˈu:fi/ adj. slang  rich, wealthy [俚语]富有的；富裕的 □ oofiness  n.  

oogamous /əʊˈɒɡəməs/ adj. esp. Bot.  reproducing by the union of mobile male and immobile female cells 【植】卵配生殖的(通过活动的雄性细胞和不活动的雌性细胞的结合而繁殖) □ oogamy  n.  

oogenesis /əʊəˈdʒenisis/ n.  the production or development of an ovum 卵生成；卵子发生

ooh /u:/ int.  expressing surprise, delight, pain, etc. 嗬！啊！ (表示惊讶、兴奋、疼痛等) [a natural exclamation.]

oolite /ˈəʊəlait/ n.  1  a sedimentary rock, usu. limestone, consisting of rounded grains made up of concentric layers 鲕粒岩(一种沉积岩，通常指石灰石，由呈同心层的圆岩粒组成) 2  = OOLITH  □ oolitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.   [French oölithe (as OO-, -LITE)]

oolith /ˈəʊəliθ/ n.  any of the rounded grains making up oolite 鲕粒

oology /əʊˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study or collecting of birds' eggs 鸟卵学 □ oological  /əʊəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ oologist  n.  

oolong /ˈu:lɒŋ/ n.  a dark kind of cured China tea 乌龙茶 [Chinese wulong ‘black dragon’]

oomiak var.  of UMIAK  UMIAK 的变体

oompah /ˈu:mpɑ:/ n. colloq.  the rhythmical sound of deep-toned brass instruments in a band [口]嗡吧声(乐队中铜管乐器低沉有节奏的乐声) [imitative]

oomph /ʊmf, u:mf/ n. slang [俚语]  1  energy, enthusiasm 精力；热情 2  attractiveness, esp. sexual appeal 吸引力(尤指性感) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

-oon /u:n/ suffix  forming nouns, originally from French words in stressed -on (balloon 气球 ; buffoon 小丑) 构成名词，源于以重读的 on 结尾的法语词 [Latin -o -onis, sometimes via Italian -one]■Usage 用法说明 The suffix -oon has been replaced by -on in recent borrowings and those with unstressed -on (e.g. baron). 在新近借用的词语和含有非重读的 -on 的词语中，后缀 -oon 被 -on 所替代(如 baron) 。 

oophorectomy /ˌəʊəfəˈrektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Med.  the surgical removal of one or both ovaries 【医】卵巢切除术 [modern Latin oophoron ‘ovary’ (from Greek ōophoros ‘egg-bearing’) + -ECTOMY]

oops /u:ps, ʊps/ int. colloq.  expressing surprise or apology, esp. on making an obvious mistake [口]哎呀！ (表示惊讶、抱歉，尤指在犯了明显错误后) [a natural exclamation]

oops-a-daisy var.  of UPSY-DAISY  UPSY-DAISY 的变体

Oort cloud /ɔ:t, ʊət/ n. Astron.  a cloud of small rocky and icy bodies thought to orbit the sun beyond the orbit of Pluto, acting as a reservoir of comets 【天】奥尔特云(一种由小块岩石和冰构成的云体，被认为在冥王星轨道的外围绕着太阳运行，是彗星的聚集区域) [named after J.H. Oort, Dutch astronomer d. 1992]

ooze1 /u:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of fluid) pass slowly through the pores of a body (液体)渗出；冒出 2 intr.  trickle or leak slowly out 滴；慢慢地漏出 3 intr. (of a substance) exude moisture (物质)渗出水分 4 tr.  exude or exhibit (a feeling) liberally 自由地表达(表现) (感情)  oozed sympathy  充满同情 ●n.  1  a sluggish flow or exudation 渗流；分泌 2  an infusion of oak-bark or other vegetable matter, used in tanning 鞣液(橡树皮或其他植物的浸液，用于鞣革) □ oozy  adj.   [originally as noun (sense 2), from Old English wōs ‘juice, sap’]

ooze2 /u:z/ n.  1  a deposit of wet mud or slime, esp. at the bottom of a river, lake, or sea (尤指在河床、湖或海底部的)湿泥；烂泥堆 2  a bog or marsh; soft muddy ground 沼泽；沼地；烂泥滩 □ oozy  adj.   [Old English wɑˉse]

OP abbr. [缩略]  1 RC Ch. Ordo Praedicatorum  Order of Preachers (Dominican) 【天主教】布道兄弟会(多明我会) 2  observation post  3  opposite prompt 

o.p. abbr. [缩略]  1  out of print 已绝版；已售出 2  overproof 

op /ɒp/ n. colloq.  operation (in surgical and military senses) [口] (用于外科手术、军事中)工作；操作

op- /ɒp/ prefix  assim. form of OB - before p (用在 p 的前面) OB- 的同化形式

op. /ɒp/ abbr. [缩略]  1 Mus. 【音】  opus  2  operator 

opacify /ə(ʊ)ˈpæsifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become opaque 使(或变得)不透明 □ opacifier  n.  

opacity /ə(ʊ)ˈpæsiti/ n.  1  the state or degree of being opaque 不透明的状态(或程度) 2  obscurity of meaning 晦涩 3  obtuseness of understanding 难解 [French opacité from Latin opacitas -tatis (as OPAQUE)]

opah /ˈəʊpə/ n.  a large rare deep-sea fish, Lampris guttatus, usu. having a silver-blue back with white spots and crimson fins Also called 亦称作 moonfish 月鱼(一种较大的深海鱼，通常有银蓝色的背部，白色的斑点和深红色的鳍) [West African name]

opal /ˈəʊp(ə)l/ n.  a quartzlike form of hydrated silica, usu. white or colourless and sometimes showing changing colours, often used as a gemstone 蛋白石(一种似石英形状的硅氧矿石，白色或无色，有时变化颜色，通常用作宝石) [French opale or Latin opalus, probably ultimately from Sanskrit upalas ‘precious stone’]

opalescent /əʊpəˈles(ə)nt/ adj.  showing changing colours like an opal 乳白(色)的 □ opalesce  v. intr.  □ opalescence  n.  

opal glass n.  a semi-translucent white glass (半透明的)乳白玻璃

opaline /ˈəʊp(ə)lain, -lin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  opal-like, opalescent, iridescent 蛋白石的；乳白色的；发乳光的 ●n.  opal glass 乳白玻璃

opaque /ə(ʊ)ˈpeik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (opaquer, opaquest)  1  not transmitting light 不透光的 2  impenetrable to sight 不透明的 3  obscure; not lucid 不明晰的；晦涩的 4  obtuse, dull-witted 愚钝的；愚蠢的 ●n.  1  an opaque thing or substance 不透明体(或物质) 2  a substance for producing opaque areas on negatives (在底片上)不透明颜料 □ opaquely  adv.  □ opaqueness  n.   [Middle English opak from Latin opacus: spelling now assimilated to French]

op art /ɒp/ n.  a form of abstract art that gives the illusion of movement by the precise use of pattern and colour 光效应艺术；视觉艺术(精确使用图形和颜色，从而造成运动的幻觉) [abbreviation of OPTICAL ART, after POP ART]

op. cit. /ɒp ˈsit/ abbr.  in the work already quoted [缩略]见前引书 [Latin opere citato]

OPEC /ˈəʊpek/ abbr. [缩略]  Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 欧佩克(石油输出国组织)

open /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  not closed or locked or blocked up; allowing entrance or passage or access 未关闭的；未阻塞的；容许通过的；可以进入的 2  a (of a room, field, or other area) having its door or gate in a position allowing access, or part of its confining boundary removed (房间、场地或其他地方)门敞开的；无限制的b (of a container) not fastened or sealed; in a position or with the lid etc. in a position allowing access to the inside part (容器)未盖紧的；未封口的；敞口的 3  unenclosed, unconfined, unobstructed 没围起来的；不封闭的；无障碍的  the open road  可通行的路 open views  开阔的视野 4  a  uncovered, bare, exposed 无遮盖的；裸露的；暴露的  open drain  排水明沟 open wound  外露的伤口b Sport (of a goalmouth or other object of attack) unprotected, vulnerable 【运动】(球门或其他进攻目标)无保护的；易攻破的；无严密防守的 5  undisguised, public, manifest; not exclusive or limited 不伪装的；公开的；明显的；不受限制的  open scandal  公开的丑闻 open hostilities  不加掩饰的敌意 6  expanded, unfolded, or spread out 摊开的；展开的；铺开的  had the map open on the table  把地图展开放在桌子上 7 (of a fabric) not close; with gaps or intervals (织物)稀疏的；稀松的 8  a (of a person) frank and communicative (人)坦率的；直言不讳的b (of the mind) accessible to new ideas; unprejudiced or undecided (大脑)易接受新思想的；无偏见的 9  a (of an exhibition, shop, etc.) accessible to visitors or customers; ready for business (展览、商店等)开着的；开始(营业)的b (of a meeting) admitting all, not restricted to members etc. (会议)开放的；不限制参加人员的 10 (also 亦作 Open)  a (of a race, competition, scholarship, etc.) unrestricted as to who may compete (比赛、竞赛、奖学金等)公开的b (of a champion, scholar, etc.) having won such a contest (冠军、学者等)在公开赛中获胜的；赢的 11 (of government) conducted in an informative manner receptive to enquiry, criticism, etc., from the public (政府)接受公众询问(或批评等)的 12 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  willing to receive 乐意接受的  is open to offers  愿考虑出价b (of a choice, offer, or opportunity) still available (选择、提议、机会)仍可利用的；可获得的  there are three courses open to us  我们还有 3 门课可选c  likely to suffer from or be affected by 可能遭受…的；易受…影响的  open to abuse  易受虐待 13  a (of the mouth) with lips apart, esp. in surprise or incomprehension (嘴)张开的(尤指出于惊讶或不理解)b (of the ears or eyes) eagerly attentive (耳朵或眼睛)倾听着的，注视着的 14 Mus. 【音】  a (of a string) allowed to vibrate along its whole length (弦)空的b (of a pipe) unstopped at each end (管乐器)开放的c (of a note) sounded from an open string or pipe (音)自然的 15 (of an electrical circuit) having a break in the conducting path (电路)断路的，开路的 16 (of the bowels) not constipated (肠)通畅的；不便秘的 17 (of a return ticket) not restricted as to day of travel (来回票)未注明往返日期的 18 Brit. (of a cheque) not crossed [英] (支票)非划线的；普通的 19 (of a boat) without a deck (船)无甲板的；敞舱的 20 (of a river or harbour) free of ice (河流或港口)不封冻的 21 (of the weather or winter) free of frost (天气或冬天)无霜的 22  a (of a vowel) produced with a relatively wide opening of the mouth keeping the tongue low (元音)开的(发音时嘴张得较开，舌头压得较低)b (of a syllable) ending in a vowel (音节)以元音结尾的 23 (of a town, city, etc.) not defended even if attacked (镇、城市等)不设防的 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become open or more open 打开；使…变得更开 2  a tr.  change from a closed or fastened position so as to allow access 打开  opened the door  开门 opened the box  打开箱子b intr. (of a door, lid, etc.) have its position changed to allow access (门、盖子等)开；张开  the door opened slowly  门慢慢地开了 3 tr.  remove the sealing or fastening element of (a container) to get access to the contents 撕开(封条)；松开(容器)  opened the envelope  撕开信封 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into, onto etc.) (of a door, room, etc.) afford access as specified (门、房间等)通(朝)向  opened on to a large garden  直通一个大花园 5  a tr.  start or establish or set going (a business, activity, etc.) 开始；开设；开放(生意、活动等)b intr.  be initiated; make a start 开始  the session opens tomorrow  会议明天开始 the story opens with a murder  故事以谋杀开始c tr. (of a counsel in a law court) make a preliminary statement in (a case) before calling witnesses (法庭的辩护律师)首次陈述(案情) 6 tr.  a  spread out or unfold (a map, newspaper, etc.) 打开；张开(地图、报纸等)b (often absol. [常含宾])  find and refer to (the contents of a book) 翻开(书的内容)  open at the first soliloquy  把书翻到第一个独白 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a person) begin speaking, writing, etc. (人)开始说话(写字等)  he opened with a warning  他以警告作为开场白 8 intr. (of a prospect) come into view; be revealed (景色)展现；出现 9 tr.  reveal or communicate (one's feelings, intentions, etc.) 暴露；泄露(情感、意图等) 10 tr.  make (one's mind, heart, etc.) more sympathetic or enlightened 使(思想、心胸等)开阔 11 tr.  ceremonially declare (a building etc.) to be completed and in use (为建筑物等)举行揭幕典礼；宣布开幕 12 tr.  break up (ground) with a plough etc. (用犁等)开垦(土地) 13 tr.  cause evacuation of (the bowels) 使(肠)畅通 14 Naut. 【海】  a tr.  get a view of by change of position (通过变换船位而)看见b intr.  come into full view 展现 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  open space or country or air 广阔的空间，旷野，户外b  public notice or view; general attention (esp. 尤用于 into the open 公开) 公众观点；普遍关注 2 (作 Open)  an open championship, competition, or scholarship 公开赛 □ be open with   speak frankly to 坦白地说□ open-and-shut  (of an argument, case, etc.) straightforward and conclusive (争论、案件等)明确的；一目了然的□ open the door to   see 见 DOOR □ open a person's eyes   see 见 EYE □ open out   1  unfold; spread out 展开；摊开 2  develop, expand 发展；增加 3 esp. Brit.  become communicative [尤英]畅谈 4  accelerate 加速；促进□ open up   1  unlock (premises) 开始营业 2  make accessible 打开 3  reveal; bring to notice 展示；使注意 4  accelerate esp. a motor vehicle (尤指汽车等)加速 5  begin shooting or sounding 开火 6  talk or speak openly 自由自在地谈□ with open arms   see 见 ARM1 □ openable  adj.  □ openness  /ˈəʊp(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English open, from Germanic]

open air n. & adj. ●n. (usu. prec. by通常前接 the)  a free or unenclosed space outdoors 野外，露天 ●attrib. adj. (作 open-air)  out of doors 户外的

open-armed adj.  cordial; warmly receptive 热诚的；欢迎的

open book n.  a person who is easily understood 极坦率的人

opencast /ˈəʊp(ə)nkɑ:st/ adj. Brit. (of a mine or mining) with removal of the surface layers and working from above, not from shafts [英] (煤矿、采矿)露天的，露天开采的

open college n.  an adult-education college offering training and vocational courses mainly by correspondence 开放式学院(一种成人教育学院，主要通过函授方式提供培训、职业课程)

open day n.  a day when the public may visit a place normally closed to them 接待日(平时对公众关闭，在这天可参观)

open door n. & adj. ●n.  free admission of foreign trade and immigrants 门户开放 ●attrib. adj. (作 open-door)  open, accessible, public 开放的；可进入的，公开的

open-ended adj.  having no predetermined limit or boundary 没有预定界限的

opener /ˈəʊp(ə)nə/ n.  1  a device for opening tins, bottles, etc. (开罐头、瓶子等的)开瓶(听)器 2 colloq.  the first item on a programme etc. [口] (计划等的)第一个项目 3 Cricket  an opening batsman 【板球】开赛击球员 4 Cards  the player who opens the betting or bidding 【牌戏】(开局下注人)开叫人，下注人 □ for openers  colloq.  to start with [口]首先，作为开始

open-eyed adj.  1  with the eyes open 睁大眼的 2  alert, watchful 警觉的；注意的

open-faced adj.  having a frank or ingenuous expression 相貌老实的；坦率的

open-handed adj.  generous 慷慨的 □ open-handedly  adv.  □ open-handedness  n.  

open-hearted adj.  frank and kindly 坦率的；爽快的；仁慈的 □ open-heartedness  n.  

open-hearth process n.  a process of steel manufacture, using a shallow reverberatory furnace 平炉炼钢法(一种用浅反射炉炼钢的程序)

open-heart surgery n.  surgery with the heart exposed and the blood made to bypass it 体外循环心脏手术

open house n.  1  welcome or hospitality for all visitors 欢迎(或热情款待)所有的来访者 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = OPEN DAY 

open ice n.  ice through which navigation is possible 稀疏冰(可航行的冰面)

opening /ˈəʊp(ə)niŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an aperture or gap, esp. allowing access (尤指可通过的)口子，缝隙 2  a favourable situation or opportunity 有利的形势(或机会) 3  a beginning; an initial part 开始；开端 4 Chess  a recognized sequence of moves at the beginning of a game 【棋类】开局 5  a counsel's preliminary statement of a case in a law court (法庭上)辩护人对案件的首次陈述 ●adj.  initial, first 开始的；最初的

opening time n. Brit.  the time at which public houses may legally open for custom [英]开始营业时间

open letter n.  a letter, esp. of protest, addressed to an individual and published in a newspaper or journal 公开信(尤指在报纸或杂志上发表的致某人的抗议信)

openly /ˈəʊp(ə)nli/ adv.  1  frankly, honestly 坦率地；诚实地 2  publicly; without concealment 公开地；不隐瞒地 [Old English openlīce (as OPEN, -LY2)]

open market n.  an unrestricted market with free competition of buyers and sellers 公开市场

open-minded adj.  accessible to new ideas; unprejudiced 能接受新思想的；无偏见的 □ open-mindedly  adv.  □ open-mindedness  n.  

open-mouthed adv. & adj.  with the mouth open, esp. in surprise (尤指由于惊讶)目瞪口呆(的)；张着嘴(的)

open-plan adj. (of a house, office, etc.) having large undivided rooms (房子、办公室等)开敞式平面布置的

open prison n.  a prison with the minimum of physical restraints on prisoners (行动限制较少的)不设防监狱

open question n.  a matter on which differences of opinion are legitimate 未决问题；容许讨论的问题

open-reel adj. (of a tape recorder) having reels of tape requiring individual threading, as distinct from a cassette (录音机)盘式的(与盒式录音机相区别)

open sandwich n.  a sandwich without a top slice of bread 露馅三明治(无顶层面包)

open sea n.  an expanse of sea away from land 公海；外洋，外海

open season n.  1  the season when restrictions on the killing of game etc. are lifted (渔猎等的)开放季节 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a time of no restrictions or restraint 言论自由期  appears to be open season on union-bashing  看起来是对联盟进行抨击的言论自由期

open secret n.  a supposed secret that is known to many people 公开的秘密

open sesame  see 见 SESAME 

open shop n.  1  a business etc. where employees do not have to be members of a trade union (opp. 反义 CLOSED SHOP) 开放企业；自由雇佣企业(雇员不一定必须是贸易联盟的会员) 2  this system 开放企业制；自由雇佣企业制

open-side attrib. adj. Rugby  of or relating to the side of the scrum on which the main line of the backs is ranged 【英式橄榄球】争球时后卫所站的一边(的)

open society n.  a society with wide dissemination of information and freedom of belief 开放社会

open-top adj. (also 亦作 open-topped) (of a bus, sports car, etc.) not having a fixed top (汽车、跑车等)敞篷的；无顶的

Open University n. (in the UK) a university that teaches mainly by broadcasting and correspondence, and is open to those without formal academic qualifications (英国)开放大学(以广播和函授教学为主，面向那些没有学历证书的人)

open verdict n.  a verdict affirming that a crime has been committed but not specifying the criminal or (in case of violent death) the cause 存疑裁决(暴力死亡案件中仅确定有罪而不能确定罪犯或死因未详的裁决)

openwork /ˈəʊp(ə)nwɜ:k/ n.  a pattern with intervening spaces in metal, leather, lace, etc. (在金属、皮革、饰带等上的)透雕图案

opera1 /ˈɒp(ə)rə/ n.  1  a  a dramatic work in one or more acts, set to music for singers (usu. in costume) and instrumentalists 歌剧(通常演员着戏装、有乐器演奏者)b  this as a genre 歌剧流派 2  a building for the performance of opera 歌剧院 [Italian from Latin, = labour, work]

opera2 pl.  of OPUS  

operable /ˈɒp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be operated 可操作的，可实施的 2  suitable for treatment by surgical operation 可手术治疗的 □ operability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin operabilis from Latin (as OPERATE)]

opera buffa /ɒp(ə)rə ˈbu:fə/ n. (esp. Italian) comic opera, esp. with characters drawn from everyday life (尤指人物源于日常生活的意大利)滑稽歌剧 [Italian]

opera glasses n. pl.  small binoculars for use at the opera or theatre (在歌剧院、剧院观看演出的)观剧镜

opera hat n.  a man's tall collapsible hat 折叠式礼帽

opera house n.  a theatre for the performance of opera 歌剧院

operand /ˈɒpərænd/ n. Math.  the quantity etc. on which an operation is to be done 【数】运算对象 [Latin operandum, neut. gerundive of operari: see OPERATE]

opera seria /ɒp(ə)rə ˈsiəriə/ n. (esp. 18th-c. Italian) opera on a serious, usu. classical or mythological theme (尤指 18 世纪意大利的通常以古典或神话为题材的)正歌剧 [Italian, = serious opera]

operate /ˈɒpəreit/ v.  1 tr.  manage, work, control; put or keep in a functional state 管理；工作；控制；操作；操纵 2 intr.  be in action; function 运行；起作用 3 intr.  produce an effect; exercise influence 产生效果；产生影响  the tax operates to our disadvantage  这项税对我们不利 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  perform a surgical operation 动手术b  conduct a military or naval action 作战(采取军事或海军行动)c  be active in business etc., esp. dealing in stocks and shares 从事某一业务(尤指证券交易) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  influence or affect (feelings etc.) 影响；使感动 6 tr.  bring about; accomplish 引起；产生 [Latin operari ‘to work’ from opus operis ‘work’]

operatic /ɒpəˈrætik/ adj.  1  of or relating to opera 歌剧的；与歌剧有关的 2  resembling or characteristic of opera 似歌剧的；具有歌剧特点的 □ operatically  adv.   [formed irregularly from OPERA1, on the pattern of dramatic]

operatics /ɒpəˈrætiks/ n. pl.  1 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  the production and performance of operas 歌剧的编排和演出 2  = DRAMATICS 2 

operating system n.  the basic software that enables the running of a computer program (软件)操作系统

operating table n.  a table on which surgical operations are performed 手术台

operating theatre n. (N. Amer. [北美] operating room)  a room for surgical operations 手术室

operation /ɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the action or process or method of working or operating 操作；运行；运转；操作法；工序b  the state of being active or functioning 运转状态；工作状态  not yet in operation  还没有运行c  the scope or range of effectiveness of a thing's activity (某一活动的)有效范围(区域) 2  an active process; a discharge of a function 运行过程；起作用  the operation of breathing  呼吸作用 3  a piece of work, esp. one in a series (尤指一系列工作中的)一项工作 often in pl. 常用复数 : begin operations  开始工作 4  an act of surgery performed on a patient 手术 5  a  a strategic movement of troops, ships, etc. for military action (部队、船只等的)军事行动b  preceding a code name (放在代号名前)行动计划  Operation Overlord  霸王计划 6  a financial transaction 金融交易 7 Math.  the subjection of a number or quantity or function to a process affecting its value or form, e.g. multiplication, differentiation 【数】运算(如乘法、微分) [Middle English via Old French from Latin operatio -onis (as OPERATE)]

operational /ɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or used for operations 操作上的；用于操作的b  engaged or involved in operations 实施中的；操作中的 2  able or ready to function 能(或准备)运转的 □ operationally  adv.  

operationalize /ɒpəˈreiʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  express in operational terms 用操作术语表达

operational research n. (also 亦作 operations research)  the application of scientific principles to business management, providing a quantitative basis for complex decisions 运筹学

operative /ˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in operation; having effect 在运行中的；起作用的 2  having the principal relevance 关键的  ‘may’ is the operative word  “ may ”是关键词 3  of or by surgery 手术的；通过手术的 4 Law  expressing an intent to perform a transaction 【法律】愿意和解的 ●n.  1  a worker, esp. a skilled one 工人(尤指熟练工人) 2 US  a private detective or secret agent [美]私人侦探；特务 □ operatively  adv.  □ operativeness  n.   [Late Latin operativus from Latin (as OPERATE)]

operator /ˈɒpəreitə/ n.  1  a person operating a machine etc., esp. making connections of lines in a telephone exchange (机器等的)操作员(尤指话务员、接线员) 2  a person operating or engaging in business 经营者 3 colloq.  a person acting in a specified way [口]有某种行为方式的人  a smooth operator  圆滑的人 4 Math.  a symbol or function denoting an operation (e.g. × , +) 【数】算符，算子(如× , +) [Late Latin from Latin operari (as OPERATE)]

operculum /ə(ʊ)ˈpɜ:kjʊləm/ n. (pl. opercula /-lə/)  1 Zool. 【动】  a  a flaplike structure covering the gills in a fish (鱼的)鳃盖骨b  a platelike structure closing the aperture of a gastropod mollusc's shell when the organism is retracted 厣(腹足纲软体动物的一种盘状结构，在收缩时起闭合作用)c  any of various other parts covering or closing an aperture, such as a flap over the nostrils in some birds (一些鸟类鼻孔上的)盖 2 Bot.  a lidlike structure of the spore-containing capsule of mosses 【植】(苔藓的)孢蒴 □ opercular  adj.  □ operculate  /-lət/ adj.  □ operculi-  comb. form [构词成分]   [Latin from operire ‘cover’]

operetta /ɒpəˈretə/ n.  1  a one-act or short opera 一幕歌剧；短歌剧 2  a light opera 轻歌剧 [Italian, diminutive of opera: see OPERA1]

operon /ˈɒpərɒn/ n. Biol.  a unit made up of linked genes thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis 【生】操纵子(一个由多基因组成的活动单位，可调节与蛋白质合成相关的其它基因) [from French opérer ‘effect, work’ + -ON]

ophicleide /ˈɒfiklaid/ n.  1  an obsolete usu. bass brass wind instrument with keys, developed from the serpent 蛇形低音号(一种老式的通常低音的铜管乐器) 2  a powerful organ reed-stop (管风琴的)簧管音拴 [French ophicléide, from Greek ophis ‘serpent’ + kleis kleidos ‘key’]

ophidian /ɒˈfidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a reptile of the suborder Serpentes (formerly Ophidia), comprising snakes 蛇亚目爬行动物；蛇 ●adj.  1  of or relating to this suborder (与)亚目蛇(有关)的 2  snakelike 像蛇的；似蛇的 [modern Latin Ophidia from Greek ophis ‘snake’]

ophio- /ˈɒfiəʊ/ comb. form  snake [构词成分]蛇 [Greek ophis ‘snake’]

ophthalmia /ɒfˈθælmiə/ n.  inflammation of the eye, esp. conjunctivitis 眼炎(尤指结膜炎) [Late Latin from Greek, from ophthalmos ‘eye’]

ophthalmic /ɒfˈθælmik/ adj.  of or relating to the eye and its diseases (有关)眼睛的；(有关)眼疾的 [Latin ophthalmicus from Greek ophthalmikos (as OPHTHALMIA)]

ophthalmic optician n. Brit.  an optician qualified to prescribe and dispense spectacles and contact lenses and to detect eye diseases [英] (有眼科证书的)光学眼镜配镜师

ophthalmo- /ɒfˈθælməʊ/ comb. form Optics  denoting the eye [构词成分]【光学】表示“眼” [Greek ophthalmos ‘eye’]

ophthalmology /ɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the eye 眼科学 □ ophthalmological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ophthalmologist  n.  

ophthalmoscope /ɒfˈθælməskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for inspecting the retina and other parts of the eye (检查视网膜或眼睛其他部分的)眼底镜 □ ophthalmoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

-opia /ˈəʊpiə/ comb. form  denoting a visual disorder (myopia 近视) [构词成分]表示“视觉失调” [Greek from ōps ‘eye’]

opiate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈəʊpiət/  1  containing, derived from, or resembling opium 含鸦片的；用鸦片制的；似鸦片的 2  narcotic, soporific 麻醉药的；镇静药的；催眠药的 ●n. /ˈəʊpiət/  1  a drug containing, derived from, or resembling opium, usu. to ease pain or induce sleep 麻醉剂；镇静剂(通常用于止痛、安眠) 2  a thing which soothes or stupefies 慰籍物，起镇静(或)催眼作用的事物 ●v. tr. /ˈəʊpieit/  1  mix with opium 与鸦片混合 2  stupefy 使麻木；使缓和 [medieval Latin opiatus, -um, opiare from Latin opium: see OPIUM]

opine /ə(ʊ)ˈpain/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  hold or express as an opinion 认为，以为 [Latin opinari ‘think, believe’]

opinion /əˈpinjən/ n.  1  a belief or assessment based on grounds short of proof (缺乏证据证明的)信念；判断；评价 2  a view held as probable 想法 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  what one thinks about a particular topic or question (就某一主题或问题的)看法；观点  my opinion on capital punishment  我对死刑的看法 4  a  a formal statement of professional advice 专家意见；鉴定  will get a second opinion  将再次鉴定b Law  a formal statement of reasons for a judgement given 【法律】(所做出判决的)理由 5  an estimation 评价  had a low opinion of it  对此评价低 □ be of the opinion that   believe or maintain that 持…的看法；认为；相信□ in one's opinion   according to one's view or belief 按某人的意见；据某人看来□ a matter of opinion   a disputable point 有争议的问题 [Middle English via Old French from Latin opinio -onis (as OPINE)]

opinionated /əˈpinjəneitid/ adj.  conceitedly assertive or dogmatic in one's opinions 固执己见的；武断的 [obsolete opinionate (in the same sense) from OPINION]

opinion poll n.  = GALLUP POLL 

opioid /ˈəʊpiɔid/ n. & adj. Pharm. & Biochem. 【药】【生化】  ●n.  any compound resembling cocaine and morphine in its addictive properties or physiological effects (任何一种具上瘾性或在生理作用上)类似可卡因(或吗啡)的化合物 ●adj.  of or relating to such a compound (有关)麻醉的；类鸦片(引起)的 [OPIUM + -OID]

opium /ˈəʊpiəm/ n.  1  a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used in medicine as an analgesic and narcotic 鸦片(红棕色，气味浓烈，一种上瘾的麻醉药；从罂粟汁中获得；用于医药，作为止痛剂和麻醉剂) 2  anything regarded as soothing or stupefying 慰藉物，起镇静(或)催眠作用的事物 [Middle English via Latin from Greek opion ‘poppy-juice’, from opos ‘juice’]

opium den n.  a haunt of opium-smokers 鸦片窝；鸦片烟馆

opium poppy n.  a poppy, Papaver somniferum, native to Europe and E. Asia, with white, red, pink, or purple flowers 罂粟(原产于欧洲、东亚，开白、红、粉或紫色的花朵)

opopanax /ə(ʊ)ˈpɒpənæks/ n.  1  a  an umbelliferous plant, Opopanax chironium, with yellow flowers 愈伤草(伞形科植物，奥帕草属，开黄色的花)b  a fetid gum resin obtained from the roots of this plant (从愈伤草的根部获得的有臭味的)愈伤草树脂 2  a  a gum resin obtained from the tree Commiphora kataf 卡坍夫没药树脂b  a perfume made from this 用卡坍夫没药树脂做的香水 3  = SPONGE TREE  [Middle English via Latin from Greek, from opos ‘juice’ + panax, formed as PANACEA]

opossum /əˈpɒs(ə)m/ n.  1  any mainly tree-living marsupial of the family Didelphidae, native to America, having a prehensile tail and hind feet with an opposable thumb 负鼠(有袋超目，负鼠科动物，原产于美洲，有会缠绕的尾巴，后腿的拇指和其他指相对) 2 Austral. [澳]  = POSSUM 2  [Virginian Indian ɑˉpassūm]

opp. abbr. [缩略]  opposite 

oppo /ˈɒpəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. colloq. [英口]  a colleague or friend 同事；朋友 [abbreviation of opposite number]

opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who opposes or belongs to an opposing side 敌手；对手；反对者 ●adj.  opposing, contrary, opposed 敌对的；对立的；相对的 □ opponency  n.   [Latin opponere opponent- (as OB-, ponere ‘place’)]

opponent muscle n.  a muscle enabling the thumb to be placed front to front against a finger of the same hand 对向肌

opportune /ˈɒpətju:n, ɒpəˈtju:n/ adj.  1 (of a time) well chosen or especially favourable or appropriate (时间)恰好的；适宜的；合适的  an opportune moment  正是时候 2 (of an action or event) well timed; done or occurring at a favourable or useful time (行动、事件)及时的；适时的；时机好的 □ opportunely  adv.  □ opportuneness  n.   [Middle English via Old French opportun -une from Latin opportunus (as OB-, portus ‘harbour’), originally of the wind driving towards the harbour]

opportunism /ɒpəˈtju:niz(ə)m, ˈɒpətju:n-/ n.  1  the adaptation of policy or judgement to circumstances or opportunity, esp. regardless of principle (尤指不顾原则的)机会主义；投机主义 2  the seizing of opportunities when they occur (当机会来临时)抓住时机 □ opportunist  n. & adj.   [OPPORTUNE, suggested by Italian opportunismo and French opportunisme used in political senses]

opportunistic /ɒpətju:ˈnistik/ adj.  1  of or relating to opportunism (有关)机会主义的 2 Ecol. (of a species) able to spread quickly in a previously unexploited habitat 【态】(物种)能(在从未开发过的栖息地)快速传播的 3 Med. 【医】  a (of a micro-organism) rarely causing disease except in unusual circumstances, e.g. in patients with depressed immune systems (微生物)很少导致疾病的(除特殊情况外，如免疫力降低的病人)b (of an infection) caused by such a micro-organism (由该微生物)导致(感染)的 □ opportunistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

opportunity /ɒpəˈtju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a good chance; a favourable occasion 好机会；良机 2  a chance or opening offered by circumstances 时机；机会 3  good fortune 好运 □ opportunity knocks   an opportunity occurs 机会来临 [Middle English via Old French opportunité from Latin opportunitas -tatis (as OPPORTUNE)]

opposable /əˈpəʊzəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be opposed 可反对的；可对立的 2 Zool. (of the thumb in primates) capable of facing and touching the other digits on the same hand 【动】(灵长目动物的拇指)能与同一只手其他指头相对的

oppose /əˈpəʊz/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  1  set oneself against; resist, argue against 反对；反抗；反驳 2  be hostile to 敌对 3  take part in a game, sport, etc., against (another competitor or team) (参加游戏、运动等)对抗(其他竞争者或竞争队) 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  place in opposition or contrast 使相对；使相反 □ as opposed to   in contrast with 与…相反□ opposer  n.   [Middle English via Old French opposer from Latin opponere: see OPPONENT]

opposite /ˈɒpəzit, -sit/ adj., n., adv. & prep. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  having a position on the other or further side, facing or back to back 相对的；对面的；面对面的；背靠背的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, from)  a  of a contrary kind; diametrically different 对立的；完全不同的b  being the other of a contrasted pair 与之相对应的 3 (of angles) between opposite sides of the intersection of two lines (角)对的 4 Bot. (of leaves etc.) placed at the same height on the opposite sides of the stem, or placed straight in front of another organ 【植】(叶等)对生的 ●n.  an opposite thing or person or term 对立物；对立的人；反义词 ●adv.  in an opposite position 在对面；在对过  the tree stands opposite  对面有棵树 ●prep.  1  in a position opposite to 在…对面  opposite the house is a tree  房子的对面是棵树 2 (of a leading theatrical etc. part) in a complementary role to (another performer) (戏剧等中主要角色)与…联袂合演 □ oppositely  adv.  □ oppositeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin oppositus, past part. of opponere: see OPPONENT]

opposite number n.  a person holding an equivalent position in another group or organization 对应的人(在另一个团体或组织中担任同等职务的人)

opposite prompt n. Brit.  the side of a theatre stage usually to an actor's right [英]舞台的一边(通常在演员的右侧)

opposite sex n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the female sex (or women) in relation to the male sex (or men), or vice versa 异性

opposition /ɒpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  resistance, antagonism 抵抗；对抗 2  the state of being hostile or in conflict or disagreement 敌对；对立；意见相反 3  contrast or antithesis 对比；对照 4  a  a group or party of opponents or competitors 反对党派；对方队b (作 the Opposition) Brit.  the principal parliamentary party opposed to that in office [英]反对党；在野党 5  the act of opposing or placing opposite 反对行为；阻碍 6  a  diametrically opposite position 截然相反的位置b Astrol. & Astron.  the position of two celestial bodies when their longitude differs by 180°, as seen from the earth 【占】【天】冲(从地球上看，当两个天体呈 180 度的相反位置) □ oppositional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin oppositio (as OB-, POSITION)]

oppress /əˈpres/ v. tr.  1  keep in subservience by coercion 虐待；欺侮 2  govern or treat harshly or with cruel injustice 压迫；压制 3  weigh down (with cares or unhappiness) 使(由于忧虑、不幸等)沮丧；使烦恼 □ oppressor  n.   [Middle English via Old French oppresser from medieval Latin oppressare (as OB-, PRESS1)]

oppression /əˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of oppressing; the state of being oppressed 压迫；压制；被压迫状态 2  prolonged harsh or cruel treatment or control (长期的)虐待(或控制) 3  mental distress 苦闷，苦恼 [Old French from Latin oppressio (as OPPRESS)]

oppressive /əˈpresiv/ adj.  1  oppressing; harsh or cruel 压迫的；压制的；严苛的；暴虐的 2  difficult to endure 难以忍受的 3 (of weather) close and sultry (天气)闷热的 □ oppressively  adv.  □ oppressiveness  n.   [French oppressif -ive from medieval Latin oppressivus (as OPPRESS)]

opprobrious /əˈprəʊbriəs/ adj. (of language) severely scornful; abusive (语言)表示轻蔑的；恶意辱骂的 □ opprobriously  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin opprobriosus (as OPPROBRIUM)]

opprobrium /əˈprəʊbriəm/ n.  1  disgrace or bad reputation attaching to some act or conduct 耻辱；坏名声 2  a cause of this 带来耻辱的原由 [Latin from opprobrum (as OB-, probrum ‘disgraceful act’)]

oppugn /əˈpju:n/ v. tr. literary  call into question; controvert [文学用语]质疑；反驳 □ oppugner  n.   [Middle English from Latin oppugnare ‘attack, besiege’ (as OB-, Latin pugnare ‘fight’)]

oppugnant /əˈpʌɡnənt/ adj. literary  antagonistic; opposing [文学用语]反对的；敌对的；对抗的 □ oppugnance  n.  □ oppugnancy  n.  □ oppugnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

opsimath /ˈɒpsimæθ/ n. literary  a person who learns only late in life [文学用语]晚年开始学习的人 □ opsimathy  /-ˈsiməθi/ n.   [Greek opsimathēs, from opse ‘late’ + math- ‘learn’]

opsonin /ˈɒpsənin/ n. Biol. & Med.  a substance, esp. an antibody, which binds to foreign micro-organisms etc., making them more susceptible to phagocytosis 【生】【医】调理素(尤指一种抗体，与外来的微生物等相结合，促进它们的噬菌作用) □ opsonic  /ɒpˈsɒnik/ adj.   [Greek opsōnion ‘victuals’ + -IN]

opt /ɒpt/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, between)  exercise an option; make a choice 选择；作出抉择 □ opt out  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  choose not to participate 决定不参加；选择退出  opted out of the race  退出比赛 2 (in the UK) (of a school or hospital) decide to withdraw from local authority control (英国) (学校、医院)决定脱离当地政府的控制 [French opter from Latin optare ‘choose, wish’]

optative /ˈɒptətiv, ɒpˈteitiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj.  expressing a wish 希求式的；希求语气的 ●n.  the optative mood 希求式；希求语气 □ optatively  adv.   [French optatif -ive from Late Latin optativus (as OPT)]

optative mood n.  a set of verb forms expressing a wish etc., distinct esp. in Sanskrit and Greek (尤指梵语和希腊语中的)希求式；希求语气(表示愿望、希望等)

optic /ˈɒptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the eye or vision (有关)眼睛的；(有关)视力的  optic nerve  视神经 ●n.  1  a lens etc. in an optical instrument (光学仪器中的)镜片 2 archaic or joc.  the eye [古义] [诙]眼睛 3 Brit. propr.  a device fastened to the neck of an inverted bottle for measuring out spirits etc. [英] [商标]奥普蒂克量杯(一种烈酒等的量杯，系在倒置的瓶颈上) [French optique or medieval Latin opticus from Greek optikos, from optos ‘seen’]

optical /ˈɒptik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of sight; visual 视力的；视觉的 2  a  of or concerning sight or light in relation to each other (有关)视觉的；(有关)光的b  belonging to optics 光学的 3 (esp. of a lens) constructed to assist sight or on the principles of optics (尤指镜片)有助于视力的；依据光学原理设计的 □ optically  adv.  

optical activity n. Chem.  the property of rotating the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light 【化】旋光性

optical art n. formal [正式]  = OP ART 

optical brightener n.  any fluorescent substance used to produce a whitening effect on laundry (在洗涤时用以产生漂白效果的)荧光剂

optical character recognition n.  the identification of printed characters using photoelectric devices 光(学字)符识别

optical disc  see 见 DISC 4b 

optical fibre n.  thin glass fibre through which light can be transmitted 光学纤维

optical glass n.  a very pure kind of glass used for lenses etc. 光学玻璃(一种非常纯净的玻璃，用以制造镜片等)

optical illusion n.  1  a thing having an appearance so resembling something else as to deceive the eye 视错觉 2  an instance of mental misapprehension caused by this (由视错觉造成的)幻觉

optical isomer n. Chem.  each of two or more forms of a chemical substance which have the same structure but a different spatial arrangement of atoms, and so usu. differ in optical activity 【化】旋光异构体(通常旋光性不同) □ optical isomerism  n.  

optical microscope n.  a microscope using the direct perception of light (cf. 参见 ELECTRON MICROSCOPE) 光学显微镜

optic angle n.  the angle formed by notional lines from the extremities of an object to the eye, or by lines from the eyes to a given point 视角；光角(从一物的端点到眼睛的想像的线形成的角，从眼睛到某一点的线所形成的交角)

optic axis n.  1  a line passing through the centre of curvature of a lens or spherical mirror and parallel to the axis of symmetry 视轴 2  the direction in a doubly refracting crystal for which no double refraction occurs 光轴

optician /ɒpˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a maker or seller of optical instruments 光学仪器制造(销售)商 2 (in full 全称 dispensing optician)  a person qualified to make and supply spectacles and contact lenses 眼镜商；配置眼镜的技师 3  = OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN  [French opticien from medieval Latin optica (as OPTIC)]

optic lobe n.  the dorsal lobe in the brain from which the optic nerve arises 视神经叶(产生视神经的脑背叶)

optic nerve n.  each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye 视神经(第二对颅神经，把眼后部视网膜的神经脉冲传到大脑)

optics /ˈɒptiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the scientific study of sight and the behaviour of light, or of other radiation or particles 光学  electron optics  电子光学

optima pl.  of OPTIMUM  

optimal /ˈɒptim(ə)l/ adj.  best or most favourable, esp. under a particular set of circumstances (尤指特定的环境下)最好的；最适宜的；最有利的 □ optimally  adv.   [Latin optimus ‘best’]

optimism /ˈɒptimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  an inclination to hopefulness and confidence 乐观 2 Philos. 【哲】  a  the doctrine, esp. as set forth by Leibniz, that this world is the best of all possible worlds 乐观主义(尤指莱布尼兹创造的学说，认为这个世界是所有可能的世界中最好的)b  the theory that good must ultimately prevail over evil in the universe (Opp. 反义 PESSIMISM) 乐观主义理论(认为宇宙中善良最终会战胜邪恶的理论) □ optimist  n.  □ optimistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  □ optimistically  /-ˈmistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French optimisme from Latin OPTIMUM]

optimize /ˈɒptimaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  make the best or most effective use of (a situation, an opportunity, etc.) 充分地(最有效地)利用(形势、机会等) 2 intr.  be an optimist 持乐观态度 □ optimization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin optimus ‘best’]

optimum /ˈɒptiməm/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. optima /-mə/ or optimums)  1  a  the most favourable conditions (for growth, reproduction, etc.) (生长、繁殖等的)最佳条件；最适合的条件b  the best or most favourable situation 最好的形势；最有利的形势 2  the best possible compromise between opposing tendencies (在两对立派之间达成的)最可能的折衷 ●adj.  = OPTIMAL  [Latin, neut. of optimus ‘best’ used as a noun]

option /ˈɒpʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of choosing; a choice 选择；取舍b  a thing that is or may be chosen 选择品；可被选择的东西  those are the options  那些是所选的东西 2  the liberty of choosing; freedom of choice 选择权；选择自由 3 Stock Exch.  etc. the right, obtained by, or as, payment, to buy, sell, etc. specified stocks etc. at a specified price within a set time 【股】期权(按规定价格在规定期限内买卖股票等的特权) □ have no option but to   must 不得不；必须；除…之外别无它法□ keep (or leave) one's options open   not commit oneself 暂不作决定；保留灵活的选择权 [French, or from Latin optio, stem of optare ‘choose’]

optional /ˈɒpʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  being an option only; not obligatory 可选择的；非强制性的 □ optionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ optionally  adv.  

optional extra n.  an accessory or other additional item which is available for purchase (购买物品时的)随带附件(或其他附加品)

optoelectronics /ˌɒptəʊilekˈtrɒniks, -el-/ n.  the branch of technology concerned with the combined use of electronics and light 光电子学 □ optoelectronic  adj.  

optometer /ɒpˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for testing the refractive power of the eye 视力计(检定眼睛屈光度的装置) [Greek optos ‘seen’ + -METER]

optometrist /ɒpˈtɒmitrist/ n. esp. US  a person who practises optometry, an ophthalmic optician [尤美]验光师；配镜师

optometry /ɒpˈtɒmitri/ n.  the occupation of measuring eyesight, prescribing corrective lenses, detecting eye disease, etc. 验光业(可进行视力测定、配镜、检查眼疾等) □ optometric  /ɒptəˈmetrik/ adj.  

optophone /ˈɒptəfəʊn/ n.  an instrument converting light into sound, and so enabling the blind to read print etc. by ear 盲人光电阅读器；光声机(把光转化为声音，从而使盲人通过耳朵来阅读印刷品等) [Greek optos ‘seen’ + -PHONE]

opt-out n.  1  the action of opting out of something, esp. of a school or hospital opting out of local-authority control 退出(尤指学校或医院决定脱离当地政府的控制) 2  an instance of this 选择退出

opulent /ˈɒpjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  ostentatiously rich; wealthy 富裕的；富有的 2  luxurious 豪华的；奢侈的  opulent surroundings  阔绰的环境 3  abundant; profuse 大量的；丰富的 □ opulence  n.  □ opulently  adv.   [Latin opulens, opulent- from opes ‘wealth’]

opuntia /ɒˈpʌnʃiə, ə(ʊ)-/ n.  = PRICKLY PEAR 1  [Latin plant-name from Opus -untis, the name of a city in Locris in ancient Greece]

opus /ˈəʊpəs, ˈɒp-/ n. (pl. opuses or opera /ˈɒp(ə)rə/)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a separate musical composition or set of compositions of any kind (单独或一系列的)音乐作品b (also 亦作 op.)  used before a number given to a composer's work, usu. indicating the order of publication (Beethoven, op. 15 贝多芬第 15 号作品) 作品编号(通常表明作品的先后顺序) 2  any artistic work (cf. 参见 MAGNUM OPUS) 艺术作品 [Latin, = work]

opuscule /əˈpʌskju:l/ n. (also 亦作 opusculum /əˈpʌskjʊləm/) (pl. opuscules or opuscula /-lə/)  a minor (esp. musical or literary) work 小(尤指音乐、文学)作品 [French from Latin opusculum, diminutive of OPUS]

opus Dei /ɒpəs ˈdeii:/ n. Eccl. 【教会】  1  liturgical worship regarded as man's primary duty to God 礼拜仪式(被认为是人对上帝的主要责任) 2 (作 Opus Dei)  a Roman Catholic organization of laymen and priests founded in Spain in 1928 with the aim of re-establishing Christian ideals in society 天主事工会 (1928 年成立于西班牙，致力于重建基督徒的理想) [medieval Latin, = work of God]

opéra comique /ˌɒp(ə)rə kɒˈmi:k, 法 ɔpera kɔmik/ n. (esp. French) opera on a light-hearted theme, with spoken dialogue (尤指法国)喜剧(以对话形式表现，具有较轻松的主题) [French, = comic opera]

OR abbr. [缩略]  1  operational research  2 US  Oregon (in official postal use) [美]俄勒冈州(正式邮政用语) 3 Brit.  other ranks (as opposed to commissioned officers) [英] (与被委任的军官相对的)军士与士兵

or1 /ɔ:/ conj.  1  a  introducing the second of two alternatives 或；或者；还是(引出两个选择中的第二个)  white or black  是白还是黑b  introducing all but the first, or only the last, of any number of alternatives 引导第一个之后的(或最后一个；任何一个)  white or grey or black  白、灰还是黑 white, grey, or black  白、灰或黑 2 (often prec. by常前接 either)  introducing the only remaining possibility or choice given 或；还是；就是(表示只剩一种可能或选择)  take it or leave it  拿走，要么就留下 either come in or go out  要么进来，要么出去 3 (prec. by前接 whether)  introducing the second part of an indirect question or conditional clause 引出间接宾语或条件从句的第二部分  ask him whether he was there or not  问他是否在那里 must go whether I like or dislike the prospect  不管我喜不喜欢这景色都必须去 4  introducing a synonym or explanation of a preceding word etc. (引出前面词等的同义词或解释)或者说；即  suffered from vertigo or giddiness  遭受眩晕或者说是头晕的痛苦 5  introducing a significant afterthought (引出事后的重要想法)会不会  he must know - or is he bluffing?  他一定知道——会不会他在吓唬人？ 6  = or else 否则；要不然  run or you'll be late  快跑，不然你会迟到的 7 poet.  each of two; either [诗]两个之一；两者任一  or in the heart or in the head  不是在心中，就是在脑中 □ not A or B   not A, and also not B 不是 A ，也不是 B□ one or two (or two or three etc.)  colloq.  a few [口]一些；几个□ or else   1  otherwise 否则  do it now, or else you will have to do it tomorrow  现在做，否则你就要到明天做 2 colloq.  expressing a warning or threat [口] (表示警告或威胁)不然的话…；否则的话  hand over the money or else  交钱，否则…□ or rather   introducing a rephrasing or qualification of a preceding statement etc. (引出对前面叙述等的重新表述或限定)更确切地说  he was there, or rather I heard that he was  他在那里，或更确切地说，我听说他在那里□ or so  (after a quantity or a number) or thereabouts (用在数量或数字后)左右；大约  send me ten or so  送我 10 个左右 [reduced form of obsolete conj. other (which superseded Old English oththe ‘or’), of uncertain origin]

or2 /ɔ:/ n. & adj. Heraldry 【纹章学】  ●n.  a gold or yellow colour 金色；黄色 ●adj. (usu. following 通常后跟 noun)  gold or yellow 金色的；黄色的  a crescent or  金色的新月 [French, from Latin aurum ‘gold’]

-or1 /ə, ɔ:/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a person or thing performing the action of a verb, or an agent more generally (actor 男演员 ; escalator 电梯 ; tailor 裁缝 ; guarantor 保证人) (see also 亦见 -ATOR, -ITOR) (构成名词，表示动作的执行人或物)…人；…物；…器 [Latin -or, -ator, etc., sometimes via Anglo -French -eour, Old French -ëor, -ëur]

-or2 /ə/ suffix  forming nouns denoting state or condition (error 错误 ; horror 恐怖) 构成名词，表示“状态”，“情况” [Latin -or -oris, sometimes via (or suggested by) Old French -or, -ur]

-or3 /ə/ suffix  forming adjectives with comparative sense (major 主要的 ; senior 年长的；资深的) 构成带有比较含义的形容词 [Anglo -French -our from Latin -or]

-or4 /ə/ suffix US [美]  = -OUR1 

orache /ˈɒrətʃ/ n. (also 亦作 orach)  an edible plant, Atriplex hortensis, with red, yellow, or green leaves sometimes used as a substitute for spinach or sorrel Also called 亦称作 saltbush 滨藜属植物(尤指法国菠菜) [Middle English arage via Anglo-French arasche and Latin atriplex from Greek atraphaxus]

oracle /ˈɒrək(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a place at which advice or prophecy was sought from the gods in classical antiquity 神谕所(古代从神处获得建议和预言的地方)b  the usu. ambiguous or obscure response given at an oracle (通常在神谕所获得的)模棱两可的回答；模糊的回答c  a prophet or prophetess at an oracle 神谕所的男(女)神使 2  a  a person or thing regarded as an infallible guide to future action etc. (被认为正确指导将来行动等的)先知(或指示物)b  a saying etc. regarded as infallible guidance (被认为是正确的指导的)圣言(名言等) 3  divine inspiration or revelation 灵感；启示 [Middle English via Old French from Latin oraculum, from orare ‘speak’]

oracular /ɒˈrækjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or concerning an oracle or oracles (有关)神谕的；(有关)哲人的 2 (esp. of advice etc.) mysterious or ambiguous (尤指建议等)神秘的；不明确的 3  prophetic 预言的；先知的 □ oracularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ oracularly  adv.   [Latin (as ORACLE)]

oracy /ˈɔ:rəsi/ n.  the ability to express oneself fluently in speech 口语能力 [Latin os oris ‘mouth’, on the pattern of literacy]

oral /ˈɔ:r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  by word of mouth; spoken; not written 口头的；口述的；非书面的  the oral tradition  口传 2  done or taken by the mouth 用口的，口服的  oral contraceptive  口服避孕药 3  of or relating to the mouth (有关)口的 4 Psychol.  of or concerning a supposed stage of infant emotional and sexual development, in which the mouth is of central interest 【心】(婴儿的感情和性发展阶段)口欲的；口唇的 ●n. colloq.  a spoken examination, test, etc. [口]口试(口头测验等) □ orally  adv.   [Late Latin oralis from Latin os oris ‘mouth’]

oralism /ˈɔ:r(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the principle that profoundly deaf people should learn to communicate by speech and lip-reading without the use of sign language 口语教学法(教耳聋者通过说话和唇读达到交际，而不用手语) □ oralist  adj. & n.  

oral sex n.  sexual activity in which the genitals of one partner are stimulated by the mouth of the other 口交

oral society n.  a society that has not reached the stage of literacy 口述社会(指尚未发展到文字阶段的社会)

Orange /ˈɒrin(d)ʒ/ adj.  of or relating to Orangemen or their activities (有关)奥伦治会(活动)的 □ Orangeism  n.  

orange /ˈɒrin(d)ʒ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a large roundish juicy citrus fruit with a bright reddish-yellow tough rind 柑橘(个大，汁多，略圆，有坚硬的橙黄色外皮)b (also 亦作 orange tree)  any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Citrus, esp. C. sinensis or C. aurantium, bearing fragrant white flowers and yielding this fruit 柑橘属果树(或灌木) (开白色芬芳的花朵，结柑橘，尤指甜橙或酸橙) 2  a fruit or plant resembling this 柑橘属水果(或植物) 3  a  the reddish-yellow colour of an orange 橙黄色b  orange pigment 橙色颜料 ●adj.  orange-coloured; reddish yellow 橙色的；橙黄色的 [Middle English from Old French orenge, ultimately via Arabic nɑˉranj from Persian nɑˉrang]

orangeade /ɒrin(d)ʒˈeid/ n. Brit.  a usu. fizzy non-alcoholic drink flavoured with orange [英]橘子水(通常指充气的橘子味不含酒精饮料)

orange blossom n.  the flowers of the orange tree, traditionally worn by the bride at a wedding 白色香橙花(新娘在婚礼上的佩花)

orange flower water n.  a solution of neroli in water 橙花水

Orangeman /ˈɒrin(d)ʒmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a political society formed in 1795 to support Protestantism in Ireland 奥伦治会会员 (1795 年在爱尔兰成立，支持新教) [after the Protestant William of Orange (William III)]

orange peel n.  1  the skin of an orange 桔子皮；橙皮 2  a rough surface resembling this (类似橘子皮的)粗糙表面

orange pekoe n.  a type of black tea made from very small leaves 橙黄白毫(用嫩小叶子制成的一种红茶)

orangery /ˈɒrin(d)ʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place, esp. a special structure, where orange trees are cultivated (尤指具特殊结构的)柑橘园；柑橘温室

orange squash n. Brit.  a soft drink made from oranges and other ingredients, often sold in concentrated form [英]鲜橘子水(常以浓缩形式出售)

orange stick n.  a thin stick, pointed at one end and usu. of orange-wood, for manicuring the fingernails 橙木棒(一种细木棍，一端尖，通常用橙木制成，用以修手指甲)

orange-wood n.  the wood of the orange tree 橙木

orang-utan /ɔ:ˌræŋu:ˈtæn, əˈræŋu:tæn/ n. (also 亦作 orangutan, orang-outang /-u:ˈtæŋ/)  a large red long-haired tree-living ape, Pongo pygmaeus, native to Borneo and Sumatra, with characteristic long arms and hooked hands and feet 猩猩(一种个大的红色长毛树栖动物，产于婆罗洲和苏门答腊，有长臂和钩状的手和脚) [Malay orang huan ‘forest person’]

orate /ˈɔ:reit, ɒˈreit/ v. intr. esp. joc. or derog.  make a speech or speak, esp. pompously or at length [尤诙] [贬]演讲；高谈阔论(尤指夸夸其谈) [back-formation from ORATION]

oration /ɒˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a formal speech, discourse, etc., esp. when ceremonial (尤指仪式上的)致词(演讲等) 2 Gram.  a way of speaking; language 【语法】引语；语言 [Middle English, via Latin oratio ‘discourse, prayer’ from orare ‘speak, pray’]

orator /ˈɒrətə/ n.  1  a  a person making a speech 演讲者b  an eloquent public speaker 雄辩家 2 (in full 全称 public orator)  an official speaking for a university on ceremonial occasions 在重大场合代表校方演说的官员 □ oratorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French oratour, Old French orateur from Latin orator -oris ‘speaker, pleader’ (as ORATION)]

oratorio /ɒrəˈtɔ:riəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a semi-dramatic work for orchestra and voices esp. on a sacred theme, performed without costume, scenery, or action 清唱剧；圣乐(尤指以宗教为主题，没有服装、背景或表演的半戏剧化作品) □ oratorial  adj.   [Italian from ecclesiastical Latin oratorium ORATORY, originally of musical services at Church of the Oratory of St Philip Neri in Rome]

oratory /ˈɒrət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art or practice of formal speaking, esp. in public (尤指在公共场合的)演讲术；雄辩术 2  exaggerated, eloquent, or highly coloured language 慷慨激昂的语言；夸张的(雄辩的、华丽的)言辞 3  a small chapel, esp. for private worship (尤指供私人作礼拜的)小礼拜堂 4 (作 Oratory) RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  a religious society of priests without vows founded in Rome in 1564 and providing plain preaching and popular services 奥拉托利会 (1564 年成立于罗马，提供浅显易懂的说教和大众服务)b  a branch of this in England etc. (英格兰等地的)奥拉托利会分会 □ oratorian  /-ˈtɔ:riən/ adj. & n.  □ oratorical  /-ˈtɒrik(ə)l/ adj.   [senses 1 and 2 from Latin ars oratoria ‘art of speaking’; senses 3 and 4 Middle English via Anglo-French oratorie, Old French oratoire from ecclesiastical Latin oratorium: both via Latin oratorius from orare ‘pray, speak’]

orb /ɔ:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a globe surmounted by a cross, esp. carried by a sovereign at a coronation (尤指在加冕典礼上国王所佩的)王权宝球 2  a sphere; a globe 球；球体；球状物 3 poet.  a celestial body [诗]天体 4 poet.  an eyeball; an eye [诗]眼球；眼睛 ●v. esp. poet. [尤诗]  1 tr.  enclose in (an orb); encircle 围在(球体中)；包围 2 intr.  form or gather into an orb 成球状；集拢成圆形 [Latin orbis ‘ring’]

orbicular /ɔ:ˈbikjʊlə/ adj. formal [正式]  1  circular and flat; disc-shaped; ring-shaped 扁圆形的；圆盘形的；环形的 2  spherical; globular; rounded 球形的；球状的；滚圆的 3  forming a complete whole 完整的；圆满的 □ orbicularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ orbicularly  adv.   [Middle English via Late Latin orbicularis from Latin orbiculus, diminutive of orbis ‘ring’]

orbiculate /ɔ:ˈbikjʊlət/ adj. Bot. (of a leaf etc.) circular 【植】(叶等)圆盘状的

orbit /ˈɔ:bit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the curved, usu. closed course of a planet, satellite, etc. (恒星、卫星等通常曲线形闭合的)轨道b (prec. by 前接 in, into, out of, etc.)  the state of motion in an orbit (在轨道中的)运动状态c  one complete passage around an orbited body (环绕天体的)一周运行 2  the path of an electron round an atomic nucleus (电子围绕原子核的)轨道 3  a range or sphere of action 行动范围 4  a  the eye socket 眼窝b  the area around the eye of a bird or insect (鸟或昆虫的)眼睑，眼眶 ●v. (orbited, orbiting)  1 intr.  a (of a satellite etc.) go round in orbit (卫星等)绕轨道运行b  fly in a circle 作圆圈飞行 2 tr.  move in orbit round 进入轨道 3 tr.  put into orbit 使进入轨道 [Latin orbita ‘course, track’ (in medieval Latin ‘eye-cavity’), fem. of orbitus ‘circular’ from orbis ‘ring’]

orbital /ˈɔ:bit(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Anat., Astron. & Physics  of an orbit or orbits 【解】【天】【物理学】轨道的；(眼)眶的 2 Brit. (of a road) passing round the outside of a town [英] (路)环城的 ●n. Physics  each of the actual or potential patterns of electron density which may be formed around an atomic nucleus by one or more electrons, represented as a wave function 【物理学】轨函数(实际或可能的电子密度模式，由一个或更多的电子在原子核周围形成，代表波函数)

orbital sander n.  a sander having a circular and not oscillating motion 轨道撒沙器，撒沙轨迹为圆形

orbiter /ˈɔ:bitə/ n.  a spacecraft designed to travel and esp. remain in orbit (尤指在轨道上运行的)轨道飞行器

orca /ˈɔ:kə/ n.  the killer whale 逆戟鲸，虎鲸 [French orque or Latin orca, a kind of whale]

Orcadian /ɔ:ˈkeidiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Orkney Islands off the N. coast of Scotland (有关) (苏格兰北海岸)奥克尼群岛的 ●n.  a native of the Orkney Islands 奥克尼人 [Orcades, the Latin name of the Orkney Islands]

orch. abbr. [缩略]  1  orchestrated by 由…谱写成管弦乐曲 2  orchestra 

orchard /ˈɔ:tʃəd/ n.  a piece of enclosed land with fruit trees 果园 □ orchardist  n.   [Old English ortgeard, from Latin hortus ‘garden’ + YARD2]

orcharding /ˈɔ:tʃədiŋ/ n.  the cultivation of fruit trees 果树栽培

orchardman /ˈɔ:tʃədmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a fruit-grower 果树栽培者

orchestra /ˈɔ:kistrə/ n.  1  a usu. large group of instrumentalists, esp. combining strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion 管弦乐队(通常指大型乐队，尤指包括弦乐、木管乐、铜管乐和打击乐)  symphony orchestra  交响乐队 2  a (in full 全称 orchestra pit)  the part of a theatre, opera house, etc., where the orchestra plays, usu. in front of the stage and on a lower level (剧院、歌剧院等)乐池(在舞台前低一点的部分)b N. Amer.  the stalls in a theatre [北美] (剧场中)正厅前排 3  the semicircular space in front of an ancient Greek theatre stage where the chorus danced and sang 合唱队席(古希腊剧场中半圆形部分，供表演舞蹈和合唱用) □ orchestral  /-ˈkestr(ə)l/ adj.  □ orchestrally  /-ˈkestrəli/ adv.   [Latin from Greek orkhēstra, from orkheomai ‘to dance’ (see sense 3)]

orchestra stalls n. pl. Brit.  the front of the stalls [英] (剧场的)正厅前排

orchestrate /ˈɔ:kistreit/ v. tr.  1  arrange, score, or compose for orchestral performance (为管弦乐演出)谱写曲目 2  arrange, combine, or direct the elements of (a situation etc.) for maximum effect 使(形势等中的)各种因素和谐地结合起来(以达最佳效果) □ orchestration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ orchestrator  n.  

orchid /ˈɔ:kid/ n.  1  a plant of the family Orchidaceae, often epiphytic, bearing flowers in fantastic shapes and brilliant colours, usu. having one petal larger than the others and variously spurred, lobed, pouched, etc. 兰科植物(常附生，花形状奇异，颜色鲜艳，通常一个花瓣比其他花瓣大，花距、叶片和囊袋等迥异) 2  a flower of such a plant 兰花(花朵) □ orchidaceous  /-ˈdeiʃəs/ adj.  □ orchidist  n.  □ orchidology  /-ˈdɒlədʒi/ n.   [modern Latin Orchid(ac)eae, formed irregularly from Latin orchis: see ORCHIS]

orchido- /ˈɔ:kidəʊ/ comb. form (also orchid- before a vowel 元音前亦作 orchid-) Med.  of a testicle or the testicles (orchidectomy 睾丸切除术) [构词成分]【医】睾丸的 [modern Latin, from Greek orkhis ‘testicle’]

orchil /ˈɔ:tʃil/ n. (also 亦作 orchilla /ɔ:ˈtʃilə/, archil /ˈɑ:tʃil/)  1  a red or violet dye from lichen, esp. from Roccella tinctoria, often used in litmus 苔色素(尤摄取于染料衣地衣，常用于石蕊) 2  the tropical lichen yielding this (热带)染料衣地衣 [Middle English from Spanish, of unknown origin]

orchis /ˈɔ:kis/ n.  1  any orchid of the genus Orchis, with a tuberous root and an erect fleshy stem having a spike of usu. purple or red flowers 兰花(红门兰属，有块茎状的根，挺立的茎，通常有紫色或红色的穗状花序) 2  any of various wild orchids 野生兰花 [Latin from Greek orkhis, originally = testicle (with reference to the shape of its tuber)]

orchitis /ɔ:ˈkaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the testicles 【医】睾丸炎 [modern Latin, from Greek orkhis ‘testicle’]

orcin /ˈɔ:sin/ n. (also 亦作 orcinol /ˈɔ:sinɒl/)  a crystalline substance, becoming red in air, extracted from any of several lichens and used to make dyes 苔黑酚(素) (一种透明物质，在空气中变红，从地衣中提炼，用于制造染料) [modern Latin orcina from Italian orcello ‘orchil’]

ord. abbr. [缩略]  ordinary 

ordain /ɔ:ˈdein/ v. tr.  1  confer holy orders on; appoint to the Christian ministry 授以…神职；委任为基督教牧师  ordained him priest  任命他为牧师 was ordained in 1970  在 1970 年被授以神职 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  decree 命令  ordained that he should go  命令他必须去b (of God, fate, etc.) destine; appoint (上帝、命运等)注定  has ordained us to die  命里注定我们要死 □ ordainer  n.  □ ordainment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French ordeiner, Old French ordein-, stressed stem of ordener, from Latin ordinare, from ordo -inis ‘order’]

ordeal /ɔ:ˈdi:əl/ n.  1  a painful or horrific experience; a severe trial 痛苦(或恐怖)的经历；严酷的考验 2 hist.  an ancient esp. Germanic test of guilt or innocence by subjection of the accused to severe pain or torture, survival of which was taken as divine proof of innocence [史义]神明裁判(尤指日耳曼人的一种古老的测定被告有罪无罪的裁判，战胜痛苦和折磨者，神圣证明其无罪) [Old English ordɑˉl, ordēl, from Germanic]

order /ˈɔ:də/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the condition in which every part, unit, etc. is in its right place; tidiness 有条理；整齐  restored some semblance of order  恢复秩序的假象b  a usu. specified sequence, succession, etc. 次序；顺序  alphabetical order  字母顺序 the order of events  事件发生的先后顺序 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  an authoritative command, direction, instruction, etc. (权威的)命令；指示；指令  only obeying orders  只有遵守命令 gave orders for it to be done  下达做这件事的命令 the judge made an order  法官作出决议 3  a state of peaceful harmony under a constituted authority 秩序  order was restored  秩序得以恢复 law and order  法治 4 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) esp. Brit.  a social class, rank, etc., constituting a distinct group in society [尤英]社会阶级(等级、阶层等)  the lower orders  下层社会 the order of baronets  准男爵阶层 5  a kind; a sort 种类；类别  talents of a high order  精英 6  a  a usu. written direction to a manufacturer, tradesman, waiter, etc. to supply something 定单(通常指对厂商、零售商、侍者等发出的提供某物的书面指令)b  the quantity of goods etc. supplied (供给物等的)数量 7  the constitution or nature of the world, society, etc. 世界(社会等)的构成(或性质)  the moral order  道德规范 the order of things  事物的性质 8 Biol.  a taxonomic rank below a class and above a family 【生】目(在分类中位于科之上，纲之下的) 9 (also 亦作 Order)  a fraternity of monks and friars, or formerly of knights, bound by a common rule of life 修道会；骑士团(受共同的生活准则约束的僧侣和修道士组织或以前的骑士组织)  the Franciscan order  方济各会 the Order of Templars  圣殿骑士团 10  a  any of the grades of the Christian ministry (基督教教职的)品级；神品b (in pl. 用复数)  the status of a member of the clergy (神职人员的)地位  Anglican orders  圣公会圣职 11  a  any of the five classical styles of architecture (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite) based on the proportions of columns, amount of decoration, etc. 柱型；柱式(多立斯、爱奥尼亚、科林斯、托斯卡纳、组合式五大建筑风格中的任何一种，以柱子的大小、装饰数量的多少为基础分类)b  any style or mode of architecture subject to uniform established proportions (按统一既定的比例形成的)建筑风格(或式样) 12 (esp. 尤用作 Order)  a  a company of distinguished people instituted esp. by a sovereign to which appointments are made as an honour or reward (尤指由国王设立的)勋位；勋爵士团  Order of the Garter  嘉德勋位 Order of Merit  勋章b  the insignia worn by members of an order (有勋位的人佩戴的)奖章(勋章) 13 Math. 【数】  a  a degree of complexity of a differential equation 阶，级；序，次序(表示微分方程的复杂程度)  equation of the first order  一阶方程b  the order of the highest derivative in the equation (方程中最高微商的)高阶导数 14 Math. 【数】  a  the size of a matrix 矩阵的行列数b  the number of elements of a finite group 次数(有限群中的元素个数) 15 Eccl.  the stated form of divine service 【教会】祭礼(仪式)  the order of confirmation  坚信礼仪式 16  the principles of procedure, decorum, etc., accepted by a meeting, legislative assembly, etc. or enforced by its president (由会议、立法大会等接受或由主席执行的)程序；规程 17 Mil. 【军】  a  a style of dress and equipment 队列；队形  review order  检阅队形b (prec. by 前接 the)  the position of a company etc. with arms ordered  see 见 order arms  立正持枪姿势 18  a Masonic or similar fraternity 共济会(或相似的组织) 19  any of the nine grades of angelic beings (九级天使中的)级 (seraphim 最高级炽天使 , cherubim 二级司知识天使 , thrones 三级座天使 , dominations 四级统治天使 , principalities 七级权天使 , powers 六级掌权天使 , virtues 五级道德天使 , archangels 八级天使 , angels 九级天使) 20 Brit.  a pass admitting the bearer to a theatre, museum, private house, etc. free or cheap or as a privilege [英] (剧院、博物馆、私人住宅等的)免费券；参观券；优待券 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause)  command; bid; prescribe 命令；吩咐；嘱咐；规定  ordered him to go  命令他去 ordered that they should be sent  吩咐必须把他们派去 2  command or direct (a person) to a specified destination 命令(或指挥某人)到指定的目的地；派遣  was ordered to Singapore  被派往新加坡 ordered them home  命令他们回家 3  direct a manufacturer, waiter, tradesman, etc. to supply (向厂家、服务员、商家等)定购，定货  ordered a new suit  定了一套新衣 ordered dinner  定餐 4  arrange; regulate 整理；安排；布置  ordered her affairs  料理她的事情 5 (of God, fate, etc.) ordain (上帝、命运等)注定；决定  fate ordered it otherwise  命运并非如此 6 US  command (a thing) done or (a person) dealt with [美]命令  ordered it settled  命令解决这个问题 ordered him expelled  命令开除他 □ by order   according to the proper authority 奉(上级)命令□ in bad (or good etc.) order   not working (or working properly etc.) 工作状态不好(或好等)□ in order   1  one after another according to some principle 按顺序；依次 2  ready or fit for use 井然有序；可以正常运行 3  according to the rules (of procedure at a meeting etc.) 依据(会议等的)程序；符合规程的□ in order that   with the intention; so that 目的在于；以便□ in order to   with the purpose of doing; with a view to 为了；目的是□ keep order   enforce orderly behaviour 维持秩序□ not in order   not working properly 不正常运转□ of (or in or on) the order of   1  approximately 大约 2  having the order of magnitude specified by 属于…一类的  of the order of one in a million  几率很小的；数量很少的□ on order  (of goods etc.) ordered but not yet received (货物等)定购中；定制中□ order about   1  dominate; command officiously 支配；强行命令 2  send hither and thither 差来遣去□ order arms  Mil.  hold a rifle with its butt on the ground close to one's right side 【军】立正持枪□ Order! Order!  Parl.  a call for silence or calm, esp. by the Speaker of the House of Commons [议]肃静(尤指下议院的议长的喊叫)□ order to view  Brit.  a house agent's request for a client to be allowed to inspect premises [英]查看房屋许可证明□ out of order   1  not working properly 工作不正常；出故障 2  not in the correct sequence 不按顺序；次序颠倒 3  not according to the rules (of a meeting, organization, etc.) (会议、组织等)不按程序，违反规程 4 colloq. [口]  a  not behaving in an acceptable fashion 不妥当；不恰当；不适宜b (of behaviour) not acceptable (行为举止)不被接受□ take orders   1  accept commissions 接受委任 2  accept and carry out commands 接受并执行命令 3 (also 亦作 take holy orders)  be ordained 担任圣职 [Middle English via Old French ordre from Latin ordo ordinis ‘row, array, degree, command’, etc.]

order book n.  1  a book in which a tradesman enters orders 定货簿 2  the level of incoming orders 流水日程簿

order form n.  a printed form in which details are entered by a customer 定单

Order in Council n. Brit.  a sovereign's order on an administrative matter given by the advice of the Privy Council [英]枢密令(君主依枢密院的建议就行政事物所下的命令)

orderly /ˈɔ:d(ə)li/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  methodically arranged; regular 有条理的；整齐的 2  obedient to discipline; well-behaved; not unruly 守纪律的；举止适宜的；有秩序的 3 Mil. 【军】  a  of or concerned with orders (有关)命令的b  charged with the conveyance or execution of orders 传达军令的；执行军令的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an esp. male cleaner in a hospital (尤指医院里男性)清洁工；卫生员 2  a soldier who carries orders for an officer etc. (军官等的)传令兵；通讯员 □ orderliness  n.  

orderly book n. Brit. Mil.  a regimental or company book for entering orders [英]【军】命令簿

orderly officer n. Brit. Mil.  the officer of the day [英]【军】传令军官；值班军官

orderly room n. Brit. Mil.  a room in a barracks used for company business [英]【军】连部办公室

order of magnitude n.  a class in a system of classification determined by size, usu. by powers of 10 数量级(通常以 10 的次方的大小来决定分类的体系)

Order of Merit n. (in the UK) an order founded in 1902, for distinguished achievement (英国)功绩勋章

Order of the Bath n. (in the UK) an order of knighthood (英国) (骑士的)巴思勋章；巴思勋位 [so called from the ceremonial bath which originally preceded installation]

order of the day n.  1  the prevailing state of things (事物流行的)风尚 2  a principal topic of action or a procedure decided upon (活动的)主要主题；决定的规程 3  business set down for treatment; a programme 议程；程序

Order of the Garter n.  the highest order of English knighthood (英国最高骑士勋位)嘉德勋位 [so called from the traditional story of the order's founding, that the garter was that of the Countess of Salisbury which Edward III placed on his own leg after it fell off while she was dancing]

order paper n. esp. Parl.  a written or printed order of the day; an agenda [尤议]议事日程表；议程

ordinal /ˈɔ:din(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 ordinal number)  a number defining a thing's position in a series, e.g. ‘first’, ‘second’, ‘third’, etc. (cf. 参见 CARDINAL NUMBER) 序数词(表示事物在一序列中的位置，如第一、第二、第三等) 2 Eccl.  a service book, esp. one with the forms of service used at ordinations 【教会】(尤指有关授圣职仪式的)授任仪式书；弥撒规则书 ●adj.  1  a  of or relating to an ordinal number (有关)序数词的b  defining a thing's position in a series etc. (在序列等中)顺序的 2 Biol.  of or concerning an order (see 见 ORDER n. 8) 【生】(有关)“目”的 [Middle English via Late Latin ordinalis from Latin (as ORDER: sense 2 of noun from medieval Latin ordinale (liber ‘book’))]

ordinance /ˈɔ:dinəns/ n.  1  an authoritative order; a decree 法令；法规 2  an enactment by a local authority (当地机关颁发的)条例 3  a religious rite 宗教仪式(典礼) 4 archaic [古义]  = ORDONNANCE  [Middle English via Old French ordenance and medieval Latin ordinantia from Latin ordinare ORDAIN]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse ordinance meaning ‘a decree’ or ‘a religious rite’ with ordnance meaning ‘mounted guns’ or ‘the government service dealing with military stores and materials’. Note also ordonnance and Ordnance Survey. 注意不要把 ordinance (法令；宗教仪式)和 ordnance (大炮；军械)相混淆。同时要注意 ordonnance (布局；指令)和 Ordnance Survey (全国地形测量局)。 

ordinand /ˈɔ:dinænd, ɔ:diˈnænd/ n. Eccl.  a candidate for ordination 【教会】圣职候选人 [Latin ordinandus, gerundive of ordinare ORDAIN]

ordinary /ˈɔ:din(ə)ri, -d(ə)n-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  regular, normal, customary, usual 正常的；平常的；惯例的；通常的  in the ordinary course of events  按照事情的正常发展b  boring; commonplace 无聊的；平庸的；平凡的  an ordinary little man  一位普通男人 2 Brit. Law (esp. of a judge) having immediate or ex officio jurisdiction, not deputed [英]【法律】(尤指法官)有直接司法权的；本身有权的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit. Law  a person, esp. a judge, having immediate or ex officio jurisdiction [英]【法律】有直接司法权(或本身有权)的人(尤指法官) 2 (作 the Ordinary)  a  an archbishop in a province 教区长；教区的大主教b  a bishop in a diocese 主管教区的主教 3 (usu. 通常作 Ordinary) RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  those parts of a service, esp. the Mass, which do not vary from day to day (尤指弥撒中不变化的)常规弥撒b  a rule or book laying down the order of divine service 礼拜式规程书典；弥撒经文 4 Heraldry  a charge of the earliest, simplest, and commonest kind (esp. chief, pale, bend, fess, bar, chevron, cross, saltire) 【纹章学】(早期使用的最简单、最普通的)普通图记(尤指纹章上段、竖线纹、中斜线纹、中带形、棒形、人字形、十字形、 X 形十字) 5 (作 Ordinary) (also 亦作 Lord Ordinary)  any of the judges of the Court of Session in Scotland, constituting the Outer House 苏格兰最高民事法庭法官 6 esp. US hist.  an early type of bicycle with one large and one very small wheel; a penny-farthing [尤美史义] (一轮大，一轮小的)早期自行车；老式自行车 7 Brit. hist. [英史义]  a  a public meal provided at a fixed time and price at an inn etc. (旅馆等提供的时间、价格固定的)客饭b  an establishment providing this (供应客饭的)小客店 □ in ordinary  Brit.  by permanent appointment (esp. to the royal household) [英] (尤指王室)永久的；常任的  physician in ordinary  侍医□ in the ordinary way   if the circumstances are or were not exceptional 在通常情况下；如果没有例外的话□ out of the ordinary   unusual 不寻常的□ ordinarily  /ˈɔ:d(ə)n(ə)rili, -d(ə)ˈnerili/ adv.  □ ordinariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin ordinarius ‘orderly’ (as ORDER)]

ordinary grade n. (in Scotland) the lower of two main levels of examination leading to the Scottish Certificate of Education (苏格兰)普通等级(苏格兰教育证书考试两个主要等级中较低的级别)

ordinary level n. hist. (in the UK except Scotland) the lower of the two main levels of the GCE examination [史义] (除苏格兰外，英国普通教育证书考试中的两个主要级别中较低的级别)普通程度；普通考试

ordinary scale n.  = DECIMAL SCALE 

ordinary seaman n.  a sailor of the lowest rank, that below able-bodied seaman 二等水手(低于一等水手)

ordinary share n. Brit.  a share entitling the holder to a dividend from net profits (cf. 参见 PREFERENCE SHARE) [英]普通股

ordinate /ˈɔ:dinət/ n. Math.  a straight line from any point drawn parallel to one coordinate axis and meeting the other, usually a coordinate measured parallel to the vertical (cf. 参见 ABSCISSA) 【数】纵坐标 [Latin linea ordinata applicata ‘line applied parallel’, from ordinare ORDAIN]

ordination /ɔ:diˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of conferring holy orders, esp. on a priest or deacon 授圣职(尤指授牧师或执事的职位)b  the admission of a priest etc. to Church ministry (牧师等)接受委任 2  the arrangement of things etc. in ranks; classification 等级分类；分级 3  the act of decreeing or ordaining 颁布法令；下达命令 [Middle English from Old French ordination or Latin ordinatio (as ORDAIN)]

ordnance /ˈɔ:dnəns/ n.  1  mounted guns; cannon 大炮；火炮 2  a branch of government service dealing esp. with military stores and materials (尤指提供军需品的)军械署 [Middle English, variant of ORDINANCE]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at ORDINANCE. 见 ORDINANCE 的用法说明。 

ordnance datum n. Brit.  mean sea level as defined for Ordnance Survey [英] (地形测量局所界定的)平均海面

Ordnance Survey n. (in the UK) an official survey organization, originally under the Master of the Ordnance, preparing large-scale detailed maps of the whole country (英国)全国地形测量局(最初由军械署长官主持，负责出版详细的大比例的全国地图)

Ordnance Survey map n. (also 亦作 Ordnance map) Brit.  a map produced by Ordnance Survey [英]全国地形测量局绘制的地图

ordonnance /ˈɔ:dənəns/ n.  the systematic arrangement esp. of literary or architectural work (尤指文学、建筑作品的)布局 [French from Old French ordenance: see ORDINANCE]

Ordovician /ɔ:dəˈviʃiən/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the second period of the Palaeozoic era, with evidence of the first vertebrates and an abundance of marine invertebrates (有关)奥陶纪的(古生代第二纪，以最初的脊椎动物和大量的海洋无脊椎动物为特征) ●n.  this period or system 奥陶纪 [Ordovices, the Latin name of an ancient British tribe in N. Wales]

ordure /ˈɔ:djʊə/ n.  1  excrement; dung 大便；粪 2  obscenity; filth; foul language 猥亵；污秽；下流话 [Middle English via Old French, from ord ‘foul’, from Latin horridus: see HORRID]

Ore. abbr.  Oregon [缩略]俄勒冈

ore /ɔ:/ n.  a naturally occurring solid material from which metal or other valuable minerals may be extracted 矿石(天然形成的固体物质，从中可提取金属或其他有价值的矿物) [Old English ōra ‘unwrought metal’, ɑˉr ‘bronze’, related to Latin aes ‘crude metal, bronze’]

oread /ˈɔ:riæd/ n. (in Greek and Roman mythology) a mountain nymph (希腊罗马神话中)山岳女神俄瑞阿得 [Middle English via Latin oreas -ados from Greek oreias, from oros ‘mountain’]

orectic /ɒˈrektik/ adj. Philos. & Med.  of or concerning desire or appetite 【哲】【医】(有关)欲望的；(有关)促食欲的 [Greek orektikos from oregō ‘stretch out, reach for’]

Oreg. abbr.  Oregon [缩略] (美)俄勒冈州

oregano /ɒriˈɡɑ:nəʊ, əˈreɡənəʊ/ n.  the dried leaves of wild marjoram used as a culinary herb (cf. 参见 MARJORAM) 牛至叶(烹调用香料) [Spanish, = ORIGANUM]

oreography var.  of OROGRAPHY  OROGRAPHY 的变体

oreweed var.  of OARWEED  OARWEED 的变体

orfe /ɔ:f/ n.  a usu. silvery freshwater fish, Leuciscus idus, of the carp family, fished commercially in northern Eurasia Also called 亦称作 ide. See also 另见 GOLDEN ORFE 圆腹雅罗鱼(通常银白色淡水鱼，产于欧亚北部，有商业价值) [German: perhaps related to French orphe, Latin orphus, from Greek orphos ‘sea-perch’]

organ /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a usu. large musical instrument having pipes supplied with air from bellows, sounded by keys, and distributed into sets or stops which form partial organs, each with a separate keyboard 管风琴(一种较大的乐器，管子由风箱提供空气，由键发出声音)  choir organ  伴奏唱诗的风琴 pedal organ  脚踏风琴b  a smaller instrument without pipes, producing similar sounds electronically 电子风琴c  a smaller keyboard wind instrument with metal reeds; a harmonium 簧风琴(一种较小的有金属簧舌的吹奏乐器)d  = BARREL ORGAN  2  a  a usu. self-contained part of an organism having a special vital function 器官  vocal organs  发声器官 digestive organs  消化器官b esp. joc.  the penis [尤诙]阴茎 3  a medium of communication, esp. a newspaper or periodical which serves as the mouthpiece of a movement, political party, etc. 通讯媒体(尤指作为运动、政党等喉舌的报纸、期刊) 4 archaic  a professionally trained singing voice [古义] (经过专业训练的)嗓音 5 archaic  a region of the brain formerly held to be the seat of a particular faculty [古义] (以前认为执行特别功能的)大脑的一部分 [Middle English from Old English organa & Old French organe, via Latin organum from Greek organon ‘tool’]

organ-blower n.  a person or mechanism working the bellows of an organ 操作风琴风箱的人(或机器装置)

organdie /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)ndi, ɔ:ˈɡændi/ n. (US 美 organdy) (pl. -ies)  a fine translucent cotton muslin, usu. stiffened 奥甘迪；蚕翼纱(一种透明的棉质平纹细布，通常坚挺) [French organdi, of unknown origin]

organelle /ɔ:ɡəˈnel/ n. Biol.  any of various organized or specialized structures which form part of a cell 【生】细胞器 [modern Latin organella, diminutive of organum: see ORGAN, -LE2]

organ-grinder n.  the player of a barrel organ 手摇风琴演奏者

organic /ɔ:ˈɡænik/ adj.  1  a Physiol.  of or relating to a bodily organ or organs 【生理】(有关)器官的b Med. (of a disease) affecting the structure of an organ 【医】(疾病)影响器官构造的 2 (of a plant or animal) having organs or an organized physical structure (植物或动物)有器官的；躯体结构有组织的 3  produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. 有机的；有机体的(没有用化肥、杀虫剂等)  organic crop  有机肥料生产的农作物 organic farming  有机肥料耕作 4 Chem. (of a compound etc.) containing carbon (opp. 反义 INORGANIC) 【化】(化合物等)含碳的 5  a  structural, inherent 结构的；固有的b  constitutional, fundamental 组成的；基本的 6  organized, systematic, coordinated 有组织的；有系统的；协调的  an organic whole  有机统一体 7  characterized by or designating continuous or natural development 以连续(或自然)发展为特征的  the company expanded through organic growth rather than acquisitions  公司不是通过吸纳，而是通过连续发展而扩大 □ organically  adv.   [French organique via Latin organicus from Greek organikos (as ORGAN)]

organic chemistry n.  the chemistry of carbon compounds (other than simple salts such as carbonates) 有机化学

organic law n.  a law stating the formal constitution of a country (国家)根本法

organism /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  a living individual consisting of a single cell or of a group of interdependent parts sharing the life processes (由单一细胞或相互依赖的多个部分组成的)生物体 2  a  an individual live plant or animal (植物或动物)有机体b  the material structure of this 机体；有机组织 3  a whole with interdependent parts compared to a living being (与生物相似拥有相互依存的各部分的)整体 [French organisme (as ORGANIZE)]

organist /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)nist/ n.  the player of an organ 风琴弹奏者

organization /ɔ:ɡ(ə)naiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  the act or an instance of organizing; the state of being organized 组织(指动作或状态) 2  an organized body, esp. a business, government department, charity, etc. (尤指企业、政府部门、慈善团体等的)机构；组织 3  systematic arrangement; tidiness 系统的安排；条理；整齐 □ organizational  adj.  □ organizationally  adv.  

organization man n.  a man who subordinates his individuality and his personal life to the organization he serves 组织工作人(指把组织看得高于一切的驯服成员)

organize /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a  give an orderly structure to, systematize 使井然有序；使组织化b  bring the affairs of (another person or oneself) into order; make arrangements for (a person) 使有序；为…安排 2 Brit. [英]  a  arrange for or initiate (a scheme etc.) 安排；发起(一项计划等)b  provide; take responsibility for 提供；负责  organized some sandwiches  弄到一些三明治 3 (often absol. [常含宾])  a  enrol (new members) in a trade union, political party, etc. 使(新成员)加入(工会、政党等)b  form (a trade union or other political group) 组成(工会或其他政治团体) 4  a  form (different elements) into an organic whole 使(不同元素)构成一个有机统一体b  form (an organic whole) 构成(一个有机统一体) 5 (esp. as 尤作 organized adj.)  make organic; make into a living being or tissue 使有机的；使成为生物(或组织)的 □ organizable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French organiser and medieval Latin organizare from Latin (as ORGAN)]

organizer /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)naizə/ n.  1  a  a thing used for organizing objects, such as a handbag or folder with many compartments 整理文件的夹子(如提包或可分格存放的文件夹)b  = PERSONAL ORGANIZER  2  in senses of ORGANIZE 用于 ORGANIZE 的释义

organ loft n.  a gallery in a church or concert room for an organ (教堂或音乐厅内的)风琴台

organo- /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)nəʊ, ɔ:ˈɡænəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1 esp. Biol.  organ 【生】器官 2 Chem.  organic, esp. in naming classes of organic compounds containing a particular element (organochlorine 有机氯 ; organophosphorus 有机磷) 【化】有机的(尤用于命名含特殊元素的化合物) [Greek (as ORGAN)]

organ of Corti n. Anat.  a structure in the inner ear of mammals, responsible for converting sound signals into nerve impulses 【解】考蒂器；螺旋器(哺乳动物内耳的结构，负责把声音信号转化成神经脉冲) [named after A. Corti, Italian anatomist d. 1876]

organoleptic /ɔ:ɡ(ə)nə(ʊ)ˈleptik/ adj.  affecting the organs of sense (影响)感官感觉的 [ORGANO- + Greek lēptikos ‘disposed to take’ from lambanō ‘take’]

organometallic /ɔ:ˌɡænəʊmiˈtælik/ adj. (of a compound) organic and containing a metal (化合物)有机金属的

organon /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)nɒn/ n.  an instrument of thought, esp. a means of reasoning or a system of logic 研究原则(尤指推理法或逻辑系统) [Greek organon & Latin organum (as ORGAN): Organon was the title of Aristotle's logical writings, and Novum (new) Organum that of Bacon's]

organotherapy /ɔ:ɡ(ə)nəʊˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of disease with extracts from animal organs, esp. glands 器官疗法；内脏制剂疗法(从动物器官、尤指从腺状组织提取)

organ pipe n.  any of the pipes on an organ 管风琴的管子

organ-screen n.  an ornamental screen usu. between the choir and the nave of a church, cathedral, etc., on which the organ is placed (教堂中装饰用的)风琴围屏(通常置于唱诗班和教堂、大教堂等中殿之间)

organ stop n.  1  a set of pipes of a similar tone in an organ (风琴中一组发音相似的)音管 2  the handle of the mechanism that brings it into action 音栓

organum /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)nəm/ n. (pl. organa /-nə/) Mus. (in medieval music) a part sung as an accompaniment below or above a melody 【音】(中世纪音乐中)奥尔加农(作为伴奏，低于或高于一定曲调)

organza /ɔ:ˈɡænzə/ n.  a thin stiff transparent silk or synthetic dress fabric 透明硬纱(或人造织物) [probably from Lorganza (US trade name)]

organzine /ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)nzi:n, -ˈɡænzi:n/ n.  a silk thread in which the main twist is in a contrary direction to that of the strands 经丝；加捻生丝 [French organsin from Italian organzino, of unknown origin]

orgasm /ˈɔ:ɡæz(ə)m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the climax of sexual excitement, esp. during sexual intercourse (尤指性交过程中)性高潮b  an instance of this 性交高潮 2  violent excitement; rage 极度兴奋；情绪激动 ●v. intr.  experience a sexual orgasm 体验性高潮 □ orgasmic  /-ˈɡæzmik/ adj.  □ orgasmically  /-ˈɡæzmik(ə)li/ adv.  □ orgastic  /-ˈɡæstik/ adj.  □ orgastically  /-ˈɡæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [French orgasme or modern Latin from Greek orgasmos, from orgaō ‘swell, be excited’]

orgeat /ˈɔ:dʒiət/ n.  a cooling drink made from barley or almonds and orange flower water 大麦糖浆；杏仁糖浆(由大麦、杏仁和橙花水等制成的冷饮) [French via Provençal orjat, from ordi ‘barley’, from Latin hordeum ‘barley’]

orgiastic /ɔ:dʒiˈæstik/ adj.  of or resembling an orgy 狂欢(纵酒)的；类似狂欢(纵酒)的 □ orgiastically  adv.   [Greek orgiastikos from orgiastēs, agent noun from orgiazō ‘hold an orgy’]

orgulous /ˈɔ:ɡjʊləs/ adj. archaic  haughty; splendid [古义]傲慢的；华丽的 [Middle English via Old French orguillus, from orguill ‘pride’, from Frankish]

orgy /ˈɔ:dʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a wild drunken festivity, esp. one at which indiscriminate sexual activity takes place 纵酒狂欢节(尤指伴有纵欲) 2  excessive indulgence in an activity 无节制；放荡 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Gk & Rom. Hist.  secret rites used in the worship of esp. Bacchus, celebrated with dancing, drunkenness, singing, etc. [希腊和罗马]【史】(以跳舞、纵酒、唱歌等纪念酒神巴克斯的)秘密祭神仪式 [originally pl., from French orgies via Latin orgia from Greek orgia ‘secret rites’]

oribi /ˈɒribi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or oribis)  a small S. African grazing antelope, Ourebia ourebi, having a reddish-fawn back and white underparts 侏羚(南非食草羚羊，背部浅褐红色，下部白色) [probably Nama or Bushman]

oriel /ˈɔ:riəl/ n.  1  a large polygonal recess built out usu. from an upper storey and supported from the ground or on corbels 凸肚窗(通常建于楼层上，由地面或托梁支撑) 2 (in full 全称 oriel window)  a  any of the windows in an oriel 伸出的窗子b  the projecting window of an upper storey 楼上的凸肚窗 [Middle English from Old French oriol ‘gallery’, of unknown origin]

orient n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈɔ:riənt, ˈɒr-/  1 (作 the Orient)  a poet.  the east [诗]东方b  the countries east of the Mediterranean, esp. E. Asia; the East (地中海以东的)东方国家(尤指东亚)；东方 2  an orient pearl 优质珍珠 ●adj. /ˈɔ:riənt, ˈɒr-/  1 poet.  oriental [诗]东的；东方的 2 (of precious stones and esp. the finest pearls coming originally from the East) lustrous; sparkling; precious (宝石，尤指原产于东方的优质珍珠)有光泽的；闪闪发光的；珍贵的 3 archaic [古义]  a  radiant 发光的b (of the sun, daylight, etc.) rising (太阳、日光等)正在升起的 ●v. /ˈɔ:rient, ˈɒr-/  1 tr.  a  place or exactly determine the position of with the aid of a compass; settle or find the bearings of (用指南针)定位；定…方向；找到…的方向b (often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  bring (oneself, different elements, etc.) into a clearly understood position or relationship; direct 给…定位 2 tr.  a  place or build (a church, building, etc.) facing towards the east 使(教堂、建筑物等)朝东b  bury (a person) with the feet towards the east 把(人)脚朝东埋葬 3 intr.  turn eastward or in a specified direction 转向东；转向特定的方向 □ orient oneself   determine how one stands in relation to one's surroundings 使自己适应(熟悉)环境 [Middle English via Old French orient, orienter from Latin oriens -entis ‘rising, sunrise, east’, from oriri ‘rise’]

oriental /ɔ:riˈent(ə)l, ɒr-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often 常作 Oriental)  a  of or characteristic of Eastern civilization etc. 东方的；东方文化的b  of or concerning the East, esp. E. Asia (有关)东方国家的(尤指东亚的) 2 (of a pearl etc.) orient (珍珠等)光彩夺目的；优质的 ●n. (esp. 尤用作 Oriental)  a person of Oriental, esp. E. Asian descent 东方人；亚洲人(尤指东亚后裔) □ orientalism  n.  □ orientalist  n.  □ orientalize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ orientally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French oriental or Latin orientalis (as ORIENT)]■Usage 用法说明 The term Oriental, when applied to people, may be considered offensive, especially in the United States where Asian is preferred. Oriental 用来指人会被认为具侮辱性，特别在美国，美语更倾向于用 Asian 。 

orientate /ˈɔ:rienteit, ˈɒr-/ v. tr. & intr.  = ORIENTv.  [probably a back-formation from ORIENTATION]

orientation /ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃ(ə)n, ˌɒr-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of orienting; the state of being oriented 定位；(被)定位的状态 2  a  a relative position 方向b  a person's attitude or adjustment in relation to circumstances, esp. politically or psychologically (尤指政治上、心理上)适应环境 3  an introduction to a subject or situation; a briefing (对主题或形势的)介绍；简介 4  the faculty by which birds etc. find their way home from a distance (鸟等)归巢能力 □ orientational  adj.   [apparently from ORIENT]

orientation course n. esp. N. Amer.  a course giving information to newcomers to a university etc. [尤北美] (介绍大学等的)迎新情况介绍班

orienteering /ˌɔ:rienˈtiəriŋ, ˌɒr-/ n.  a competitive sport in which runners cross open country with a map, compass, etc. (借助地图、指南针等的)定向越野比赛 □ orienteer  n. & v. intr.   [Swedish orientering, originally = orienting]

orifice /ˈɒrifis/ n.  an opening, esp. the mouth of a cavity, a bodily aperture, etc. 孔；口；洞(尤指口腔、身体上的孔隙等) [French from Late Latin orificium, from os oris ‘mouth’ + facere ‘make’]

oriflamme /ˈɒriflæm/ n.  1 hist.  the sacred scarlet silk banner of St Denis given to early French kings by the abbot of St Denis on setting out for war [史义] (中世纪法国的)红色王旗；皇家小军旗 2  a standard, a principle, or an ideal as a rallying point in a struggle (在斗争中鼓舞斗志的)旗帜(或主义、理想) 3  a bright conspicuous object, colour, etc. 光彩眩目的东西(或颜色等) [Middle English from Old French, from Latin aurum ‘gold’ + flamma ‘flame’]

origami /ɒriˈɡɑ:mi/ n.  the Japanese art of folding paper into decorative shapes and figures 日本折纸(术) [Japanese, from oru ‘fold’ + kami ‘paper’]

origanum /ɒˈriɡ(ə)nəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Origanum, esp. wild marjoram (see 见 MARJORAM) 牛至属植物(尤指野墨角兰) [Middle English via Latin origanum from Greek origanon]

origin /ˈɒridʒin/ n.  1  a beginning or starting point; a derivation; a source 起点；起源；来源；由来  a word of Latin origin  源于拉丁语的词 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a person's ancestry 出身；血统  what are his origins?  他什么出身？ 3 Anat. 【解】  a  a place at which a muscle is firmly attached 起端(肌肉的附着点)b  a place where a nerve or blood vessel begins or branches from a main nerve or blood vessel 神经(或血管)起端；从主神经(或主血管)分支的地方 4 Math.  a fixed point from which coordinates are measured 【数】原点(坐标轴的交点) [French origine, or via Latin origo -ginis from oriri ‘rise’]

original /əˈridʒin(ə)l, ɒ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  existing from the beginning; innate 原始的；起初的；先天的 2  novel; inventive; creative 新奇的；善于发明的；有创造力的  has an original mind  有创新的头脑 3  serving as a pattern; not derivative or imitative; first-hand 原作的；非派生的；非模仿的；第一手的  in the original Greek  用古希腊文 has an original Rembrandt  有一幅伦勃朗的原作 ●n.  1  an original model, pattern, picture, etc. from which another is copied or translated 原作品；原版；原文；原件(已被复制或翻译)  kept the copy and destroyed the original  保留了复制品，毁坏了原作 2  an eccentric or unusual person 古怪(与众不同)的人 3  a  a garment specially designed for a fashion collection (为时装收藏而)特别制造的衣服b  a copy of such a garment made to order (为定货而制造的)特别服装的复制品 □ originally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French original or Latin originalis (as ORIGIN)]

original instrument n.  a musical instrument, or a copy of one, dating from the time the music played on it was composed 原始乐器(或样品)

originality /əˌridʒiˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the power of creating or thinking creatively 独创能力；创造性 2  newness or freshness 新颖；别致  this vase has originality  这个花瓶新颖别致 3  an original act, thing, trait, etc. 独创的行为(东西、特性等)

original print n.  a print made directly from an artist's own woodcut, etching, etc., and printed under the artist's supervision (由艺术家自画自刻自印的)版画原作；创作版画

original sin n.  the innate depravity of all mankind held to be a consequence of the Fall 原罪(人类天生的邪恶被认为是堕落的结果)

originate /əˈridʒineit, ɒ-/ v.  1 tr.  cause to begin; initiate 开创；引起 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, in, with)  have as an origin; begin 发源；来自；开始 □ origination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ originative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ originator  n.   [medieval Latin originare (as ORIGIN)]

Orimulsion /ɒriˈmʌlʃ(ə)n/ n. propr. (also 亦作 orimulsion)  an emulsion of bitumen in water, used as a fuel [商标] (用作燃料的)沥青乳油 [from Orinoco in Venezuela (the original source of the bitumen) + EMULSION]

orinasal /ɔ:riˈneiz(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of French nasalized vowels) sounded with both the mouth and the nose 鼻化元音(尤指法语的鼻元音) [Latin os oris ‘mouth’ + NASAL]

O-ring n.  a gasket in the form of a ring with a circular cross-section O 形环

oriole /ˈɔ:riəʊl, ˈɔ:riəl/ n.  1  any Old World bird of the genus Oriolus, many of which have brightly coloured plumage (see 见 GOLDEN ORIOLE) (旧大陆黄鹂属的)金黄鹂 2  any New World bird of the genus Icterus, with similar coloration (新大陆拟黄鹂属的)拟黄鹂 [medieval Latin oriolus via Old French oriol from Latin aureolus, diminutive of aureus ‘golden’, from aurum ‘gold’]

Orion /əˈraiən/ n.  a brilliant constellation on the celestial equator visible from most parts of the earth 猎户星座 [Middle English via Latin from Greek Ōriōn, the name of a legendary hunter]

Orion's belt n.  three bright stars in a short line across the middle of the constellation 猎户座腰带(横贯猎户座中间连成一条短线的 3 颗明亮的星)

Orion's hound n.  = DOG-STAR 

orison /ˈɒriz(ə)n, -s(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) archaic  a prayer [古义]祈祷 [Middle English via Anglo-French ureison, Old French oreison from Latin (as ORATION)]

-orium /ˈɔ:riəm/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a place for a particular function (auditorium 礼堂 ; crematorium 火葬场) 构成名词，表示用于特别功能的地方 [Latin, neut. of adjectives ending in -orius: see -ORY1]

Oriya /ɒˈri:jə/ n.  1  a native of the state of Orissa in India (印度)奥里雅人 2  the Indo-European language of the Oriyas (印欧语系的)奥里雅语 [Hindi]

orle /ɔ:l/ n. Heraldry  a narrow band or border of charges near the edge of a shield 【纹章学】(盾牌边缘的)窄带(或饰边) [French o(u)rle from ourler ‘to hem’, ultimately from Latin ora ‘edge’]

Orlon /ˈɔ:lɒn/ n. propr.  a man-made fibre and fabric for textiles and knitwear [商标] (用于纺织和编织的人造纤维和织物)奥纶 [invented word, on the pattern of NYLON]

orlop /ˈɔ:lɒp/ n.  the lowest deck of a ship with three or more decks (有 3 层或更多层的)船的下层甲板 [Middle English from Middle Dutch overloop ‘covering’, from overloopen ‘run over’ (as OVER-, LEAP)]

ormer /ˈɔ:mə/ n.  an edible abalone (mollusc), esp. Haliotis tuberculata, used as food in the Channel Islands Also called 亦称作 sea-ear 鲍(尤指海峡群岛可食用的鲍属软体动物) [Channel Islands French from French ormier, from Latin auris maris ‘ear of sea’]

ormolu /ˈɔ:məlu:/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  gilded bronze; a gold-coloured alloy of copper, zinc, and tin used to decorate furniture, make ornaments, etc. 镀金的铜；仿金铜(铜锌锡合金，用于装饰家具，做装饰品等) 2  articles made of or decorated with this 仿金铜器具(装饰) [French or moulu ‘powdered gold’ (for use in gilding)]

ornament n. & v. ●n. /ˈɔ:nəm(ə)nt/  1  a  a thing used or serving to adorn, esp. a small trinket, vase, figure, etc. 装饰品；点缀品(尤指小饰物、花瓶、花纹等)  a mantelpiece crowded with ornaments  堆满了小饰物的壁炉台 her only ornament was a brooch  她惟一的饰物是一枚胸针b  a quality or person conferring adornment, grace, or honour 添彩的品质；增加美感(荣誉)的人  an ornament to her profession  使她的事业锦上添花 2  decoration added to embellish esp. a building (尤指用于装饰建筑物的)装饰品  a tower rich in ornament  装饰华丽的塔 3 (in pl. 用复数) Mus.  embellishments and decorations made to a melody 【音】装饰音 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the accessories of worship, e.g. the altar, chalice, sacred vessels, etc. 教堂礼拜用品(如祭坛、圣餐杯、祭祀用的容器等) ●v. tr. /ˈɔ:nəment/  adorn; beautify 装饰；美化 □ ornamentation  /-m(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n, -men-/ n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French urnement, Old French o(u)rnement from Latin ornamentum ‘equipment, ornament’, from ornare ‘adorn’]

ornamental /ɔ:nəˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving as an ornament; decorative 装饰的；装饰性的 ●n.  a thing considered to be ornamental, esp. a cultivated plant 装饰品(尤指观赏植物) □ ornamentalism  n.  □ ornamentalist  n.  □ ornamentally  adv.  

ornate /ɔ:ˈneit/ adj.  1  elaborately adorned; highly decorated 过分修饰的；精心装饰的 2 (of literary style) convoluted; flowery (文学文体)繁复晦涩的；华丽的 □ ornately  adv.  □ ornateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin ornatus, past part. of ornare ‘adorn’]

ornery /ˈɔ:nəri/ adj. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  cantankerous; unpleasant 脾气不好的；令人不快的 2  of poor quality (质量)低劣的 □ orneriness  n.   [variant of ORDINARY]

ornithischian /ɔ:niˈθiskiən, -ˈθiʃiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the order Ornithischia, including dinosaurs with a pelvic structure like that of birds (有关)鸟臀目的(包括鸟臀目恐龙，其骨盆结构如同鸟类) ●n.  a dinosaur of this order 鸟臀目恐龙 [modern Latin, from Greek ornis ornithos ‘bird’ + iskhion ‘hip joint’]

ornitho- /ˈɔ:niθəʊ/ comb. form  bird [构词成分]鸟 [Greek from ornis ornithos ‘bird’]

ornithology /ɔ:niˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of birds 鸟类学 □ ornithological  /-θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ ornithologically  /-θəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ ornithologist  n.   [modern Latin ornithologia from Greek ornithologos ‘treating of birds’ (as ORNITHO-, -LOGY)]

ornithopod /ˈɔ:niθəpɒd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a bipedal herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur of the suborder Ornithopoda 鸟脚亚目恐龙 ●adj.  of or relating to this suborder (有关)鸟脚亚目的 [modern Latin, from Greek ornis ornith- ‘bird’ + pous pod- ‘foot’]

ornithorhynchus /ˌɔ:niθəˈriŋkəs/ n.  = PLATYPUS  [ORNITHO- + Greek rhugkhos ‘bill’]

oro- /ˈɒrəʊ/ comb. form  mountain [构词成分]山 [Greek oros ‘mountain’]

orogeny /ɒˈrɒdʒəni/ n. (also 亦作 orogenesis /ɒrə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/)  the process of the formation of mountains 造山运动 □ orogenetic  /ɒrə(ʊ)dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ orogenic  /ɒrə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  

orography /ɒˈrɒɡrəfi/ n. (also 亦作 oreography /ɒriˈɒɡrəfi/)  the branch of physical geography dealing with mountains (自然地理中的)山志学；山岳形态学 □ orographic  /-rəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ orographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

orotund /ˈɒrə(ʊ)tʌnd, ˈɔ:r-/ adj.  1 (of the voice or phrasing) full, round; imposing (嗓音、语调)圆润的；洪亮的；朗朗的 2 (of writing, style, expression, etc.) pompous; pretentious (作品、文体、措辞等)浮夸的；虚夸的；说大话的 [Latin ore rotundo ‘with rounded mouth’]

orphan /ˈɔ:f(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a child bereaved of a parent or usu. both parents (通常指丧失双亲或其中之一的)孤儿 2  a person bereft of previous protection, advantages, etc. 丧失保护(或利益等)的人 3 Printing  the first line of a paragraph at the foot of a page or column 【印刷】页末单行段落 ●v. tr.  bereave (a child) of its parents or a parent 使(孩子)成为孤儿(丧失双亲或其中之一) □ orphanhood  n.  □ orphanize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Late Latin orphanus from Greek orphanos ‘bereaved’]

orphanage /ˈɔ:f(ə)nidʒ/ n.  1  a usu. residential institution for the care and education of orphans 孤儿院 2  orphanhood 孤儿身份

Orphean /ɔ:ˈfi:ən/ adj.  like the music of Orpheus, a legendary Greek poet and lyre-player; melodious; entrancing 似奥菲士(希腊神话中的诗人和竖琴名家)的；旋律美妙的；迷人的 [Latin Orpheus (adj.) from Greek Orpheios, from Orpheus]

Orphic /ˈɔ:fik/ adj.  1  of or concerning Orpheus or the mysteries, doctrines, etc. associated with him; oracular; mysterious (有关)奥菲士的(奥菲士神秘教的、奥菲士教教义的等)；玄奥的；神密的 2  = ORPHEAN  □ Orphism  n.   [Latin Orphicus from Greek Orphikos, from Orpheus (see ORPHEAN)]

orphrey /ˈɔ:fri/ n. (pl. -eys)  an ornamental stripe or border or separate piece of ornamental needlework, esp. on ecclesiastical vestments (尤指教会法衣上的)刺绣饰边；精致刺绣 [Middle English orfreis (taken as pl.) ‘(gold) embroidery’ via Old French and medieval Latin aurifrisium etc. from Latin aurum ‘gold’ + Phrygius ‘Phrygian’, also ‘embroidered’]

orpiment /ˈɔ:pim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a mineral form of arsenic trisulphide, formerly used as a dye and artist's pigment also called 亦称作 yellow arsenic 雌黄(以前用作染料及颜料) 2 (in full 全称 red orpiment)  = REALGAR  [Middle English via Old French from Latin auripigmentum, from aurum ‘gold’ + pigmentum ‘pigment’]

orpine /ˈɔ:pin/ n. (also 亦作 orpin)  a succulent herbaceous purple-flowered plant, Sedum telephium Also called 亦称作 livelong 紫景天(多汁草本植物，开紫花) [Middle English from Old French orpine, probably alteration of ORPIMENT, originally applied to a yellow-flowered sedum]

orra /ˈɒrə/ adj. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  not matched; odd 不匹配的；零星的 2  occasional; extra 偶然的；临时的；额外的 [16th c.: origin unknown]

orrery /ˈɒrəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a clockwork model of the solar system 太阳系仪 [named after the fourth Earl of Orrery, for whom one was made]

orris /ˈɒris/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Iris, esp. I. florentina 鸢尾属植物(尤指香根鸢尾) 2  = ORRIS ROOT  [16th c.: apparently an unexplained alteration of IRIS]

orris-powder n.  powdered orris root 鸢尾根粉

orris root n.  the fragrant rootstock of the orris, used in perfumery and formerly in medicine 鸢尾根(用于香料，过去用于医药)

ortanique /ɔ:təˈni:k/ n.  a citrus fruit produced by crossing an orange and a tangerine 橘和柑的杂交种 [orange + tangerine + unique]

ortho- /ˈɔ:θəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  a  straight, rectangular, upright 直的；成直角的；垂直的b  right, correct 对的；正确的 2 Chem. 【化】  a  relating to two adjacent carbon atoms in a benzene ring (苯环中的两个碳原子)邻位的b  relating to acids and salts (e.g. orthophosphates) giving meta- compounds on removal of water 正的；原的(如正磷酸盐) [Greek orthos ‘straight’]

orthocephalic /ˌɔ:θəʊsiˈfælik, -keˈfælik/ adj.  having a head with a medium ratio of breadth to height 正头型的(头的宽和长中等比率)

orthochromatic /ˌɔ:θəʊkrəˈmætik/ adj.  giving fairly correct relative intensity to colours in photography by being sensitive to all except red (摄影) (除红光外其他色光都能感光的)正色(性)的

orthoclase /ˈɔ:θəkleiz/ n.  a common alkali feldspar usu. occurring as variously coloured crystals, used in ceramics and glass-making 正长石(普通碱性长石，通常为不同颜色的水晶体，用于陶器或玻璃制造) [ORTHO- + Greek klasis ‘breaking’]

orthodontics /ɔ:θəˈdɒntiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数) (also 亦作 orthodontia /-ˈdɒntiə/)  the treatment of irregularities in the teeth and jaws 正牙学(对牙齿及上下颌的矫正治疗) □ orthodontic  adj.  □ orthodontist  n.   [ORTHO- + Greek odous odont- ‘tooth’]

orthodox /ˈɔ:θədɒks/ adj.  1  a  holding correct or currently accepted opinions, esp. on religious doctrine, morals, etc. (尤指宗教教义、道德观点等)正当的；公认的b  not independent-minded; unoriginal; unheretical 传统的；正宗的；正统的 2 (of religious doctrine, standards of morality, etc.) generally accepted as right or true; authoritatively established; conventional (宗教教义、道德标准等)普遍接受的；官方确定的；因袭的 3 (also 亦作 Orthodox) (of Judaism) strictly keeping to traditional doctrine and ritual (犹太教)严格遵守传统教义(和仪式)的；正统派的 4 (作 Orthodox)  of or relating to the Orthodox Church (有关)东正教(会)的 □ orthodoxly  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin orthodoxus from Greek orthodoxos (as ORTHO-, doxa ‘opinion’)]

Orthodox Church n.  a Christian Church or federation of Churches acknowledging the authority of the patriarch of Constantinople, originating in the church of the Byzantine empire and including the national Churches of Greece, Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, etc. Also called 亦称作 Eastern Orthodox Church 正教；正教会(源于拜占廷王朝的基督教教会，包括希腊、俄罗斯、保加利亚、罗马尼亚等国的基督教教会)

orthodoxy /ˈɔ:θədɒksi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being orthodox 正统的状态；正统性 2  a  the orthodox practice of a religion, esp. Judaism or Eastern Christianity 正统做法(尤指犹太教或东正教)b  the body of Orthodox Jews or Orthodox Christians 正统犹太教；正统基督教 3 esp. Relig.  an authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, etc. 【宗】正统理论(信仰等) [Late Latin orthodoxia from late Greek orthodoxia ‘sound doctrine’ (as ORTHODOX)]

orthoepy /ˈɔ:θəʊepi, -i:pi, ɔ:ˈθəʊipi/ n.  the study of the (correct) pronunciation of words 正音法(标准发音法) □ orthoepic  /-ˈepik/ adj.  □ orthoepist  n.   [Greek orthoepeia ‘correct speech’ (as ORTHO-, epos ‘word’)]

orthogenesis /ɔ:θə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  a theory of evolution which proposes that variations follow a defined direction and are not merely sporadic and fortuitous 直生论；定向进化；直向进化 □ orthogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ orthogenetically  /-dʒiˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.  

orthognathous /ɔ:θəɡˈneiθəs, ɔ:ˈθɒɡnəθəs/ adj. (of mammals, including humans) having a jaw which does not project forwards and a facial angle approaching a right angle (哺乳动物，包括人)正颌的(面角近乎直角) [ORTHO- + Greek gnathos ‘jaw’]

orthogonal /ɔ:ˈθɒɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of or involving right angles; at right angles (有关)直角的；正交的 [French from orthogone (as ORTHO-, -GON)]

orthography /ɔ:ˈθɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  correct or conventional spelling 正确(或传统)的拼法；拼字法b  spelling with reference to its correctness 正字法  dreadful orthography  枯燥的拼字c  the study or science of spelling 正字学 2  a  perspective projection used in maps and elevations in which the projection lines are parallel 正射投影(用于地图和高地的透视投影)b  a map etc. so projected 飞射投影图(映象等) □ orthographer  n.  □ orthographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ orthographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ orthographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French ortografie and Latin orthographia from Greek orthographia (as ORTHO-, -GRAPHY)]

orthopaedics /ɔ:θəˈpi:diks/ n. pl. (US [美] -pedics) (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles, originally in children (原本针对儿童的)矫形外科；整形外科 □ orthopaedic  adj.  □ orthopaedist  n.   [French orthopédie (as ORTHO-, pédie from Greek paideia ‘rearing of children’)]

orthopteran /ɔ:ˈθɒpt(ə)rən/ n.  any insect of the order Orthoptera, with straight narrow forewings, and hind legs modified for jumping etc., including grasshoppers and crickets 直翅目昆虫(前翅窄直，后腿善跳，如蝗虫、蟋蟀) □ orthopterous  adj.   [ORTHO- + Greek pteros ‘wing’]

orthoptic /ɔ:ˈθɒptik/ adj.  relating to the correct or normal use of the eyes (有关)两眼斜视校正的；(有关)视轴矫正的 □ orthoptist  n.   [ORTHO- + Greek optikos ‘of sight’: see OPTIC]

orthoptics /ɔ:ˈθɒptiks/ n. Med.  the study or treatment of irregularities of the eyes, esp. with reference to the eye muscles 【医】(尤指关于眼肌的)两眼斜视校正术；视轴矫正法

orthorhombic /ɔ:θəˈrɒmbik/ adj. Crystallog. (of a crystal) characterized by three mutually perpendicular axes which are unequal in length, as in topaz and talc 【晶】正交晶的(有 3 个互相垂直且长短不等的轴，如黄晶和云母)

orthotone /ˈɔ:θətəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a word) having an independent stress pattern, not enclitic nor proclitic (词)正声(调)的(不是重读词后接词，也不是连接发音词) ●n.  a word of this kind 正声(调)词

ortolan /ˈɔ:t(ə)lən/ n. (in full 全称 ortolan bunting) Zool.  a small European bird, Emberiza hortulana, formerly eaten as a delicacy 【动】(欧洲)圃鹀(体型小，以前作为美食食用) [French from Provençal, literally ‘gardener’, via Latin hortulanus from hortulus, diminutive of hortus ‘garden’]

Orwellian /ɔ:ˈweliən/ adj.  of or characteristic of the writings of George Orwell (E. A. Blair), English writer d. 1950, esp. with reference to the totalitarian development of the State as depicted in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm 奥威尔的；奥威尔写作风格的(尤指在《一九八四》和《兽园》中描述的国家极权主义进程)

-ory1 /əri/ suffix  forming nouns denoting a place for a particular function (dormitory 宿舍 ; refectory 餐厅) 构成名词，表示“…处所” □ -orial  /ˈɔ:riəl/ suffix  forming adjectives 构成形容词，表示“…的” [Latin -oria, -orium, sometimes via Old Norman French and Anglo-French -orie, Old French -oire]

-ory2 /əri/ suffix  forming adjectives (and occasionally nouns) relating to or involving a verbal action (accessory 附件 ; compulsory 被强制的 ; directory 指南) 构成形容词(有时名词)，表示“与动词动作有关的”；“涉及动词动作的” [Latin -orius, sometimes via Anglo-French -ori(e), Old French -oir(e)]

oryx /ˈɒriks/ n.  any large straight-horned antelope of the genus Oryx, native to Africa and Arabia 大羚羊(长角羚属，角直，产于非洲和阿拉伯半岛) [Middle English via Latin from Greek orux ‘stonemason's pickaxe’, from its pointed horns]

OS abbr. [缩略]  1  Old Style  2  ordinary seaman  3 (in the UK) Ordnance Survey  4  outsize  5  out of stock 

Os symb. Chem.  the element osmium [符]【化】(化学元素)锇

Osage orange /ˈəʊseidʒ/ n.  1  a hardy thorny tree, Maclura pomifera, of the US, bearing inedible wrinkled orange-like fruit 桑橙；奥塞奇橙(生长在美国的一种坚硬、多刺的树，其果实似橘子，皮有皱，不能吃) 2  the durable orange-coloured timber from this 桑橙木 [name of a N. American Indian tribe]

Osaka /əuˈsɑ:kə/ n.  大阪 [日本港市]

Oscan /ˈɒsk(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  the ancient language of Campania in Italy, related to Latin and surviving only in inscriptions 奥斯坎语(与拉丁语有关，只在碑铭中保存下来) ●adj.  relating to or written in Oscan 有关奥斯坎语的；以奥斯坎语书写的 [Latin Oscus]

Oscar /ˈɒskə/ n.  any of the statuettes awarded by the US Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for excellence in film acting, directing, etc. 奥斯卡金像奖(美国电影艺术科学院颁发，奖给在表演、导演等方面成绩斐然的人) [apparently from the supposed resemblance of the statuette to an Academy employee's Uncle Oscar]

oscillate /ˈɒsileit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  a  swing to and fro like a pendulum (像钟摆一样)摆动b  move to and fro between points (在两点之间)移动 2 intr.  vacillate; vary between extremes of opinion, action, etc. 犹豫；(在截然不同的观点、行为之间)动摇 3 intr. Physics  move with periodic regularity 【物理学】(周期性)振荡；振动 4 intr. Electr. (of a current) undergo high-frequency alternations as across a spark-gap or in a valve-transmitter circuit 【电】(电流)变动；高频转换 5 intr. (of a radio receiver) radiate electromagnetic waves owing to faulty operation (无线电接收器由于发生故障)发电磁波，发杂音 □ oscillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ oscillator  n.  □ oscillatory  /ɒˈsilət(ə)ri, ˈɒsileit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin oscillare oscillat- ‘swing’]

oscillo- /əˈsiləʊ/ comb. form  oscillation, esp. of electric current [构词成分] (尤指电流的)波动

oscillogram /əˈsiləɡræm/ n.  a record obtained from an oscillograph 波形图(示波器的记录)

oscillograph /əˈsiləɡrɑ:f/ n.  a device for recording oscillations 示波器 □ oscillographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ oscillography  /-ˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  

oscilloscope /əˈsiləskəʊp/ n.  a device for viewing oscillations by a display on the screen of a cathode ray tube 示波镜(通过阴极射线管屏幕上的显示，观察波振动的一种仪器) □ oscilloscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

oscine /ˈɒsain, -sin/ adj. (also 亦作 oscinine /ˈɒsinain, -ni:n/)  of or relating to the suborder Oscines of passerine birds including many of the songbirds (有关)鸣禽类雀形亚目的(包括许多鸣禽) [Latin oscen -cinis ‘songbird’ (as OB-, canere ‘sing’)]

oscitation /ɒsiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1  yawning; drowsiness 打哈欠；困倦 2  inattention; negligence 不注意；疏忽 [Latin oscitatio from oscitare ‘gape’, from os ‘mouth’ + citare ‘move’]

oscula pl.  of OSCULUM  

oscular /ˈɒskjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or relating to the mouth (有关)嘴的 2  of or relating to kissing (有关)接吻的 [Latin osculum ‘mouth, kiss’, diminutive of os ‘mouth’]

osculate /ˈɒskjʊleit/ v.  1 tr. Math. (of a curve or surface) have contact of at least the second order with; have two branches with a common tangent, with each branch extending in both directions of the tangent 【数】使(曲线、平面)互成密切 2 v. intr. & tr. joc.  kiss [诙]接吻 3 intr. Biol. (of a species etc.) be related through an intermediate species; have common characteristics with another or with each other 【生】(物种等)与…有亲缘关系；与…有共同特性 □ osculant  adj.  □ osculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ osculatory  /ˈɒskjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin osculari ‘kiss’ (as OSCULAR)]

osculum /ˈɒskjʊləm/ n. (pl. oscula /-lə/) Zool.  a pore or orifice, esp. a large opening in a sponge through which water is expelled 【动】孔；孔口(尤指海绵的出水孔) [Latin: see OSCULAR]

-ose1 /əʊs, əʊz/ suffix  forming adjectives denoting possession of a quality (grandiose 雄伟的 ; verbose 冗长的) 构成形容词，表示“拥有…性质的” □ -osely  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词□ -oseness  suffix  forming nouns (cf. 参见 -OSITY) 构成名词 [from or suggested by Latin -osus]

-ose2 /əʊz, əʊs/ suffix Chem.  forming names of carbohydrates (cellulose 纤维素 ; sucrose 蔗糖) 【化】构成碳水化合物(糖类)的名称 [on the pattern of GLUCOSE]

osier /ˈəʊziə/ n.  1  any of various willows, esp. Salix viminalis, with long flexible shoots used in basketwork 柳(尤指青刚柳，其枝条长而柔软，用于编织物品) 2  a shoot of a willow 柳条 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin auseria ‘osier bed’]

osier bed n.  a place where osiers are grown 柳林

-osis /ˈəʊsis/ suffix (pl. -oses /ˈəʊsi:z/)  denoting a process or condition  apotheosis  神化 metamorphosis  变形 esp. a pathological state  acidosis  酸中毒 neurosis  神经官能症 thrombosis  血栓症 表示“过程”或“条件” (尤指)病理状况 [Latin from Greek -ōsis, suffix of verbal nouns]

-osity /ˈɒsiti/ suffix  forming nouns from adjectives in -ose (see 见 -OSE1) and -ous (verbosity 唠叨 ; curiosity 好奇心) 构成由 -ose 和 -ous 结尾的形容词的名词形式 [French -osité or Latin -ositas -ositatis: cf. -ITY]

Oslo /ˈɒzləu/ n.  奥斯陆 [挪威首都]

Osmanli /ɒzˈmænli/ adj. & n. (pl. same 单复同 or Osmanlis)  = OTTOMAN  [Turkish from the name Osman, from Arabic utmɑˉn (see OTTOMAN) + adj. suffix -li]

osmic1 /ˈɒzmik/ adj.  of or relating to odours or the sense of smell (有关)气味(或嗅觉)的 □ osmically  adv.   [Greek osmē ‘smell, odour’]

osmic2 /ˈɒzmik/ adj. Chem.  containing osmium 【化】含锇的

osmium /ˈɒzmiəm/ n. Chem.  a hard bluish-white transition element, the heaviest known metal, occurring naturally in association with platinum and used in certain alloys (symbol 符 Os) 【化】(化学元素)锇(一种硬的蓝白色过渡元素，密度最大，与铂天然结成，用于合金) [Greek osmē ‘smell’ (from the pungent smell of its tetroxide)]

osmoregulation /ˌɒzməʊreɡjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Biol.  the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by control of water and salt levels etc. 【生】渗透调节(通过调节水和盐等的水平保持一定的渗透压)

osmosis /ɒzˈməʊsis/ n.  1 Biol. & Chem.  the passage of a solvent through a semi-permeable partition into a more concentrated solution 【生】【化】渗透(溶剂通过半透膜使其更浓的过程) 2  any process by which something is acquired by absorption 潜移默化过程 □ osmotic  /-ˈmɒtik/ adj.  □ osmotically  /-ˈmɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latinized form of earlier osmose, from Greek ōsmos ‘push’]

osmund /ˈɒsmənd, ɒz-/ n. (also 亦作 osmunda /-də/)  = ROYAL FERN  [Middle English from Anglo-French, of uncertain origin]

osprey /ˈɒspri, -prei/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a large bird of prey, Pandion haliaetus, with a brown back and white markings, feeding on fish also called 亦称作 fish-hawk 鹗(体大，背褐色，有白色印记，以鱼为食) 2  a plume on a woman's hat (妇女帽子上的)鸟羽 [Middle English from Old French ospres, apparently ultimately from Latin ossifraga ‘lammergeyer, osprey’ from os ‘bone’ + frangere ‘break’, probably referring to the lammergeyer's habit of dropping bones from a height in order to break them and get at the marrow]

ossein /ˈɒsiin/ n.  the collagen of bones 骨胶原 [Latin osseus (as OSSEOUS)]

osseous /ˈɒsiəs/ adj.  1  consisting of bone 由骨构成的；多骨的 2  having a bony skeleton 瘦骨嶙峋的 3  ossified 骨化的 [Latin osseus from os ossis ‘bone’]

ossicle /ˈɒsik(ə)l/ n.  1 Anat.  any small bone, esp. of the middle ear 【解】小骨(尤指中耳的小骨) 2  a small piece of bonelike substance 小骨片 [Latin ossiculum, diminutive of os ossis ‘bone’]

Ossie var.  of AUSSIE  AUSSIE 的变体

ossify /ˈɒsifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  turn into bone; harden 使骨化；使硬化 2  make or become rigid, callous, or unprogressive 使僵化(麻木或墨守陈规) □ ossific  /ɒˈsifik/ adj.  □ ossification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French ossifier from Latin osossis ‘bone’]

osso bucco /ɒsəʊ ˈbu:kəʊ/ n.  shin of veal containing marrowbone stewed in wine with vegetables 炖小牛髓骨 [Italian, = marrowbone]

ossuary /ˈɒsjʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a receptacle or urn for the bones of the dead; a charnel house 骨灰瓮；尸骨(骨灰)堂 2  a cave in which ancient bones are found 发现古代遗骨的洞穴 [Late Latin ossuarium, formed irregularly from os ossis ‘bone’]

osteitis /ɒstiˈaitis/ n.  inflammation of the substance of a bone 骨炎 [Greek osteon ‘bone’ + -ITIS]

ostensible /ɒˈstensib(ə)l/ adj.  apparent but not necessarily real; professed 貌似真实的；假装的  his ostensible function was that of interpreter  他名义上是做口译的 □ ostensibly  adv.   [French via medieval Latin ostensibilis from Latin ostendere ostens- ‘stretch out to view’ (as OB-, tendere ‘stretch’)]

ostensive /ɒˈstensiv/ adj.  1  directly demonstrative 直接指明的 2 (of a definition) indicating by direct demonstration that which is signified by a term (定义)用例证表明的 □ ostensively  adv.  □ ostensiveness  n.   [Late Latin ostensivus (as OSTENSIBLE)]

ostensory /ɒˈstens(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) RC Ch.  a receptacle for displaying the host to the congregation; a monstrance 【天主教】圣体发光(供奉圣体的圣器)；圣体匣 [medieval Latin ostensorium (as OSTENSIBLE)]

ostentation /ɒstenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a pretentious and vulgar display esp. of wealth and luxury 炫耀(尤指财富和奢侈品) 2  the attempt or intention to attract notice; showing off 卖弄 □ ostentatious  adj.  □ ostentatiously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin ostentatio -onis, from ostentare, frequentative of ostendere: see OSTENSIBLE]

osteo- /ˈɒstiəʊ/ comb. form  bone [构词成分]骨 [Greek osteon]

osteoarthritis /ˌɒstiəʊɑ:ˈθraitis/ n.  degeneration of joint cartilage, esp. from middle age onward, causing pain and stiffness 骨关节炎(尤指从中年以后关节软骨退化，导致疼痛和僵硬) □ osteoarthritic  /-ˈθritik/ adj.  

osteogenesis /ɒstiəˈdʒenisis/ n.  the formation of bone 骨发生；骨生成 □ osteogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

osteology /ɒstiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures 骨学 □ osteological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ osteologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ osteologist  n.  

osteomalacia /ˌɒstiəʊməˈleiʃiə/ n.  softening of the bones, often through a deficiency of vitamin D and calcium 骨软化(常因缺乏维生素 D 和钙而引起) □ osteomalacic  /-ˈlæsik/ adj.   [modern Latin (as OSTEO-, Greek malakos ‘soft’)]

osteomyelitis /ˌɒstiəʊmaiiˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the bone or of bone marrow, usu. due to infection 骨髓炎(通常因感染引起)

osteopathy /ɒstiˈɒpəθi/ n.  the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the skeleton and musculature 整骨术；按骨术 □ osteopath  /ˈɒstiəpæθ/ n.  □ osteopathic  /ɒstiəˈpæθik/ adj.  

osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsis/ n.  a condition of brittle and fragile bones caused by loss of bony tissue, esp. as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D 骨质疏松症(尤指因激素的改变或缺乏钙或维生素 D 而引起) [OSTEO- + Greek poros ‘passage, pore’]

ostinato /ɒstiˈnɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os or ostinati /-ti/) (often 常作 attrib.) Mus.  a persistent phrase or rhythm repeated through all or part of a piece 【音】固定音型(全曲或部分曲中不断反复的短句或旋律句) [Italian, = OBSTINATE]

ostium /ˈɒstiəm/ n. (pl. ostia /ˈɒstiə/) Anat. & Zool.  an opening into a vessel or body cavity 【解】【动】(容器、身体的)孔；口；门 [Latin, = door, opening]

ostler /ˈɒslə/ n. Brit. hist.  a stableman at an inn [英] [史义] (客栈的)马夫 [earlier HOSTLER, hosteler from Anglo-French hostiler, Old French (h)ostelier (as HOSTEL)]

Ostmark /ˈɒstmɑ:k/ n. hist.  the chief monetary unit of the former Democratic Republic of Germany [史义]马克(原德意志民主共和国的主要货币单位) [German, = east mark: see MARK2]

Ostpolitik /ˈɒstpɒliˌti:k/ n. hist.  the foreign policy (esp. of détente) of many western European countries with reference to the former Communist bloc [史义] (尤指缓和的)东方政策(许多西欧国家对前共产主义集团所采取的政策) [German, from Ost ‘east’ + Politik ‘politics’]

ostracize /ˈɒstrəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  exclude (a person) from a society, favour, common privileges, etc.; refuse to associate with 排斥；拒绝与…结交 2 (esp. in ancient Athens) banish (a powerful or unpopular citizen) for five or ten years by popular vote (尤指古代雅典通过全民投票把有权或不受欢迎的人)放逐 (5 年到 10 年) □ ostracism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek ostrakizō from ostrakon ‘shell, potsherd’ (used to write a name on in voting)]

ostrich /ˈɒstritʃ/ n.  1  a large African swift-running flightless bird, Struthio camelus, with long legs and two toes on each foot 鸵鸟 2  a person who refuses to accept facts (from the belief that ostriches bury their heads in the sand when pursued) 不面对现实的人；鸵鸟般的人(源于鸵鸟在被追赶时把头埋在沙子中，自以为把头藏起来人们就看不到它) [Middle English from Old French ostric(h)e, from Latin avis ‘bird’ + Late Latin struthio (via Greek strouthiōn ‘ostrich’ from strouthos ‘sparrow, ostrich’)]

ostrich farm n.  a place where ostriches are bred for their feathers, or for their flesh as food 鸵鸟养殖场

ostrich plume n.  a feather or bunch of feathers of an ostrich 鸵鸟羽毛

Ostrogoth /ˈɒstrəɡɒθ/ n. hist.  a member of the eastern branch of the Goths, who conquered Italy in the 5th － 6th c. AD [史义]东哥特人(在公元 5 世纪至 6 世纪占领意大利) □ Ostrogothic  /-ˈɡɒθik/ adj.   [Late Latin Ostrogothi (pl.) from Germanic base of ‘east’ + Late Latin Gothi ‘Goths’: see GOTH]

Oswald /ˈɒzwəld/   奥斯瓦尔德 [人名]

OT abbr. [缩略]  Old Testament 

-ot1 /ət/ suffix  forming nouns, originally diminutives (ballot 投票; chariot 双轮战车 ; parrot 鹦鹉) 构成名词，原为指小后缀 [French]

-ot2 /ət/ suffix  forming nouns denoting persons  patriot  爱国者, e.g. natives of a place  Cypriot  塞浦路斯人 构成名词，表示“人”，如“当地人” [French -ote, Latin -ota, Greek -ōtēs]

OTC abbr. (in the UK) Officers' Training Corps [缩略] (英国)军官训练队

other /ˈʌðə/ adj., n. or pron. & adv. ●adj.  1  not the same as one or some already mentioned or implied; separate in identity or distinct in kind 不同的；别的；其他的  other people  其他人 use other means  采用其他方法 I assure you, my reason is quite other  我向你保证，我不是出于这种原因 2  a  further; additional 更多的；附加的  a few other examples  再举些例子b  alternative of two (cf. 参见 every other) 两个中之一的；另一个的  open your other eye  睁开你的另一只眼 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  that remains after all except the one or ones in question have been considered, eliminated, etc. (两个或多个中)另一个的；另一些的  must be in the other pocket  一定在另一个口袋里 where are the other two?  另外两个在哪里？ the other three men left  其余的 3 个人离开了 4 (foll. by 后跟 than)  apart from; excepting 除此以外的；除外的  any person other than you  除了你以外的任何人 ●n. or pron. (originally an elliptical use of the adj., now with pl. in -s. 以前是作形容词时的省略用法，现在可加 -s 构成复数)  1  an additional, different, or extra person, thing, example, etc. (see also 另见 ANOTHER, EACH OTHER) 另外(不同，额外)的人(东西、例子等)  one or other of us will be there  我们中有一个会在那里 some others have come  其他一些人已经来了 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  the ones remaining 剩余  where are the others?  其余的在哪里？ 3 (prec. by 前接 the) slang  sexual intercourse [俚语]性交  a bit of the other  放纵性交 4 (usu. 通常作 Other or in quotation marks 用在引号中 , prec. by 前接 the) Philos. & Sociol.  that which is distinct from, different from, or opposite to something or oneself 【哲】【社会】有差别的东西；不同的人；对立面  fear of the ‘other’  害怕“别人” ●adv. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 than) disp.  otherwise [异议]另外地；不同地  cannot react other than angrily  非常愤怒 □ no other  archaic  nothing else [古义]仅此而已  I can do no other  我能做的仅此而已□ of all others   out of the many possible or likely 在所有的可能中；在所有的当中  on this night of all others  偏偏在今晚□ on the other hand   see 见 HAND □ the other day (or night or week etc.)   a few days etc. ago 几天(夜、星期等)以前  heard from him the other day  几天前收到他的来信□ the other thing  esp. joc.  an unexpressed alternative [尤诙]另一个；那一个  if you don't like it, do the other thing  如果你不喜欢做这个，就做其他的□ other things being equal   if conditions are or were alike in all but the point in question 在其他各点都相同的情况下□ someone (or something or somehow etc.) or other   some unspecified person, thing, manner, etc. 不确定的人(事、方式等)；某一；某些 [Old English ōther, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of other as an adverb (see example above) is non-standard. Otherwise should be used instead, e.g. It is impossible to do the job otherwise than very superficially in the time allotted. 将 other 用作副词(见上面的例子)是不标准的，而应该用 otherwise 来代替。如 It is impossible to do the job otherwise than very superficially in the time allotted (在规定的时间做这项工作是不可能的，除非敷衍了事)。 

other-directed adj.  governed by external circumstances and trends 受外界条件(和倾向)所控制的；没有主张的

other half n. colloq.  one's wife or husband [口]另一半，妻子(或丈夫)

otherness /ˈʌðənis/ n.  1  the state of being different; diversity 不同的状态；差异 2  a thing or existence other than the thing mentioned and the thinking subject 另一物；不同物

other place n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. joc. [英诙]  1  hell (as opposed to heaven) 地狱(与天堂相对) 2  Oxford University as regarded by Cambridge, and vice versa 剑桥大学对牛津大学的称呼(反之亦然) 3 Brit.  the House of Lords as regarded by the House of Commons and vice versa [英]下议院对上议院的称呼(反之亦然)

other ranks n. pl. Brit.  soldiers other than commissioned officers [英]普通士兵

otherwhere /ˈʌðəwɛə/ adj. archaic or poet.  elsewhere [古义] [诗]在别处

otherwise /ˈʌðəwaiz/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  else; or else; in the circumstances other than those considered etc. 别样；否则；在其他情况下  bring your umbrella, otherwise you will get wet  带上伞，否则你会被淋湿的 2  in other respects 在其他方面  he is untidy, but otherwise very suitable  他有点邋遢，但在其他方面还说得过去 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 than)  in a different way 以不同方式  could not have acted otherwise  只能这么做 cannot react otherwise than angrily  愤怒 4  as an alternative 又；另  otherwise known as Jack  还被称作杰克 ●adj.  1 (作 predic.)  in a different state 处于不同状态的；不那样的  the matter is quite otherwise  这件事完全不是那样 2 archaic  that would otherwise exist [古义]否则就会存在的  their otherwise dullness  否则他们就会很迟钝 □ and (or or) otherwise   the negation or opposite (of a specified thing) 或相反；或其反面  the merits or otherwise of the Bill  比尔的优点或缺点 experiences pleasant and otherwise  愉快或痛苦的经历 [Old English on ōthre wisan (as OTHER, WISE2)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at OTHER. 见 OTHER 的用法说明。 

other woman n. (masc. other man) (prec. by 前接 the)  the lover of a married or similarly attached woman or man 情妇(夫)；情人

other world n. (prec. by 前接 the)  = NEXT WORLD 

other-worldly adj.  1  not of this world; of an imaginary other world 非现实世界的；冥界的；想像中的世界的 2  relating to life after death etc. 来世的；修来世的 □ other-worldliness  n.  

otic /ˈəʊtik, ˈɒtik/ adj.  of or relating to the ear (有关)耳的 [Greek ōtikos from ous ōtos ‘ear’]

-otic /ˈɒtik/ suffix  forming adjectives and nouns corresponding to nouns in -osis, meaning ‘affected with or producing or resembling a condition in -osis’ or ‘a person affected with this’ (narcotic 麻醉药 ; neurotic 神经症患者 ; osmotic 渗透的) 构成以 -osis 结尾的名词的相应形容词和名词形式，表示“患病的”；“状态的”；“似…的” □ -otically  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词 [from or suggested by French -otique, via Latin from Greek adj. suffix -ōtikos]

otiose /ˈəʊtiəʊs, ˈəʊʃi-, -əʊz/ adj.  1  serving no practical purpose; not required; functionless 不实用的；不必要的；没有用的 2 archaic  indolent; futile [古义]懒惰的；微不足道的 □ otiosely  adv.  □ otioseness  n.   [Latin otiosus from otium ‘leisure’]

otitis /ə(ʊ)ˈtaitis/ n.  inflammation of the ear 耳炎 [modern Latin (as OTO-)]

oto- /ˈəʊtəʊ/ comb. form  ear [构词成分]耳 [Greek ōto- from ous ōtos ‘ear’]

otolaryngology /ˌəʊtə(ʊ)læriŋˈɡɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of diseases of the ear and throat 耳鼻喉科学 □ otolaryngological  /-ɡəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ otolaryngologist  n.  

otolith /ˈəʊtəliθ/ n.  any of the small particles of calcium carbonate in the inner ear of vertebrates, involved in sensing gravity and movement (脊椎动物耳内的)耳石 □ otolithic  /-ˈliθik/ adj.  

otology /əʊˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the anatomy and diseases of the ear 耳科学 □ otological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ otologist  n.  

otorhinolaryngology /ˌəʊtərainəʊˌlæriŋˈɡɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat 耳鼻喉科学

otoscope /ˈəʊtəskəʊp/ n.  an apparatus for examining the eardrum and the passage leading to it from the ear 耳镜(用以检察耳膜和耳道的仪器) □ otoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

OTT abbr. colloq.  over-the-top [缩略] [口]在顶部；在上面

ottava rima /ɒˌtɑ:və ˈri:mə/ n.  a stanza of eight lines of 10 or 11 syllables, rhyming abababcc 八行诗(每节 8 行，每行 10 到 11 个音节，韵式为 abababcc) [Italian, literally ‘eighth rhyme’]

Ottawa /ˈɒtəwə/ n.  渥太华 [加拿大首都]

otter /ˈɒtə/ n.  1  a  any of several semiaquatic fish-eating mammals of the genus Lutra or a related genus of the weasel family, with dense fur and webbed feet 水獭b  its fur or pelt 水獭皮 2  = SEA OTTER  3  a piece of board used to carry fishing bait in water (钓鱼用具)用以附着鱼饵的薄板 4  a type of paravane, esp. as used on non-naval craft (尤指非海军船只用的)扫雷器 [Old English otr, ot(t)or, from Germanic]

otter-board n.  a device for keeping the mouth of a trawl net open 网板(一种用以把捕鱼的拖网口张开的装置)

otter-dog n. (also 亦作 otter-hound)  a dog of a breed used in otter-hunting 猎水獭狗

otto var.  of ATTAR  ATTAR 的变体

Ottoman /ˈɒtəmən/ adj. & n. ●adj. hist. [史义]  1  of or relating to 属于(或有关):a  the dynasty of Osman I (Othman I) 奥斯曼一世王朝的b  the branch of the Turks to which he belonged 奥斯曼土耳其人的c  the empire ruled by his descendants 奥斯曼帝国的 2  Turkish 土耳其人的 ●n. (pl. Ottomans)  an Ottoman person; a Turk 奥斯曼人；土耳其人 [French or Italian Ottomano, ultimately from Arabic utmɑˉnī, adj. from utmɑˉn ‘Othman’]

ottoman /ˈɒtəmən/ n. (pl. ottomans)  1  a  an upholstered seat, usu. square and without a back or arms, sometimes a box with a padded top (方形没有靠背或扶手的)软垫椅子(有时指上面铺有垫子的箱子)b  a footstool of similar design 软垫搁脚凳 2  a heavy silken fabric with a mixture of cotton or wool (用丝和棉或羊毛织成的)粗横棱纹织物 [French ottomane, fem. of ottoman OTTOMAN]

Ottoman Porte  see 见 PORTE 

OU abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Open University  2  Oxford University 

oubliette /u:bliˈet/ n.  a secret dungeon with access only through a trapdoor (顶部有出入口的)秘密地下土牢 [French from oublier ‘forget’]

ouch /aʊtʃ/ int.  expressing pain 哎哟(表示疼痛) [a natural exclamation]

ought1 /ɔ:t/ v. aux. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.; present and past indicated by the following infin. 后跟的不定式可表示现在时和过去时)  1  expressing duty or rightness (表示义务或适当性)应该  we ought to love our neighbours  我们应该爱我们的邻居 2  expressing shortcoming (表示缺点)早应该，本该  it ought to have been done long ago  早就应该做了 3  expressing advisability or prudence (表示明智或慎重)应该  you ought to go for your own good  为了你自己好，你应该去 4  expressing esp. strong probability (尤表达强烈的可能性)该  he ought to be there by now  他现在该到那里了 □ ought not   the negative form of ought ought 的否定式  he ought not to have stolen it  他本不应该偷这东西 [Old English ɑˉhte, past of ɑˉgan OWE]

ought2 /ɔ:t/ n. (also 亦作 aught) colloq.  a figure denoting nothing; nought [口]没有；零；无 [perhaps from an ought for a NOUGHT; cf. ADDER]

ought3 var.  of AUGHT1  AUGHT1 的变体

oughtn't /ˈɔ:t(ə)nt/ contr.  ought not [缩合]不应该

Ouija /ˈwi:dʒə/ n. (in full 全称 Ouija board) propr.  a board having letters or signs at its rim to which a planchette, movable pointer, or upturned glass points in answer to questions from attenders at a seance etc. [商标]灵应牌(边缘处刻有字母或符号的板子，乩架，移动的指针或尖端朝上的玻璃会指向这块板以回答降神会等的参加者的问题) [French oui ‘yes’ + German ja ‘yes’]

ounce1 /aʊns/ n.  1  a  a unit of weight of one-sixteenth of a pound avoirdupois (approx. 28 grams) (abbr. 缩略 : oz) (常衡)盎司， 1/16 磅(约 28 克)b  a unit of one-twelfth of a pound troy or apothecaries' measure, equal to 480 grains approx. 31 grams (金衡或药衡)盎司， 1/12 磅(等于 480 格令，约 31 克) 2  a small quantity 少量 [Middle English & Old French unce from Latin uncia ‘twelfth part’ (of pound or foot): cf. INCH1]

ounce2 /aʊns/ n.  an Asian wild cat, Panthera uncia, with leopard-like markings on a cream-coloured coat Also called 亦称作 mountain panther, snow leopard 雪豹(奶白色，斑纹似豹子) [Middle English from Old French once (earlier lonce) = Italian lonza, ultimately from Latin lynx: see LYNX]

OUP abbr.  Oxford University Press [缩略]牛津大学出版社

our /aʊə/ poss. det.  1  of or belonging to us or ourselves (属于)我们的；(属于)我们自己的  our house  我们的房子 our own business  我们自己的生意 2  of or belonging to all people (属于)所有人的  our children's future  我们孩子的未来 3 (esp. as 尤作 Our)  of Us the royal, imperial, etc., personage (cf. 参见 ROYAL ‘WE’) (皇族、帝王等)皇家的；朕的；寡人的  given under Our seal  经王室签名盖章 4  of us, the editorial staff of a newspaper etc. 本报的；本刊的；我方的(指报纸等编辑部全体成员)  a foolish adventure in our view  一次我们看来愚蠢的冒险 5 Brit. colloq.  indicating a relative, acquaintance, or colleague of the speaker [英口]表示说话者的亲戚(熟人、同事)  our Barry works there  我们巴里在那里工作 [Old English ūre, originally genitive pl. of 1st person pronoun = of us, later treated as possessive adj.]

-our1 /ə/ suffix var.  of -OR2 surviving in some nouns  ardour  热情 colour  颜色 valour  英勇 -OR2 的变体，仅存于一些名词中

-our2 /ə/ suffix var.  of -OR1  saviour  救世主 -OR1 的变体

Our Father n.  1  the Lord's Prayer  2  God 上帝

Our Lady n.  the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚

Our Lady's bedstraw n.  = BEDSTRAW 2 

Our Lord n.  1  Jesus Christ 耶稣基督 2  God 上帝

ours /aʊəz/ poss. pron.  the one or ones belonging to or associated with us 属于我们的东西；与我们有关的东西  it is ours  这是我们的 ours are over there  我们的在那边 □ of ours   of or belonging to us (属于)我们的  a friend of ours  我们的一个朋友

Our Saviour n.  Jesus Christ 我们的救世主；耶稣

ourself /aʊəˈself/ pron.  1 archaic  a word formerly used instead of myself by a sovereign, newspaper editorial staff, etc. (cf. 参见 OUR 3, 4) [古义]我自己(过去被君王、报社编辑等用于代替 myself) 2 disp. [异议]  = OURSELVES ■Usage 用法说明 The use of ourself rather than ourselves in contexts such as We see ourself as the biggest club in Britain, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为，在某些语境中不能用 ourself 代替 ourselves ，如，不能说 We see ourself as the biggest club in Britain (我们认为我们的俱乐部是全英国最大的)。 

ourselves /aʊəˈselvz/ pron.  1  a emphat. form  of WE or US (WE 或 US 的强调形式)我们自己(本人)  we ourselves did it  我们自己做的 made it ourselves  我们自己制造的 for our friends and ourselves  为我们的朋友和我们自己b refl. form  of US (US 的反身代词形式)我们自己  are pleased with ourselves  对我们自己很满意 2  in our normal state of body or mind 处于正常的身体(和智力)状态  not quite ourselves today  今天我们根本不在正常状态 □ be ourselves   act in our normal unconstrained manner 以(不受约束的)正常状态表现；做我们自己□ by ourselves   see 见 by oneself 

-ous /əs/ suffix  1  forming adjectives meaning ‘abounding in, characterized by, of the nature of’ (envious 嫉妒的 ; glorious 光荣的 ; mountainous 多山的; poisonous 恶毒的) 构成形容词，表示“多…的”；“以…为特性的”；“具有…本质的” 2 Chem.  denoting a state of lower valence than the corresponding word in -ic (ferrous 亚铁的) 【化】(表示相应 -ic 结尾词的低价状态)亚…的 □ -ously  suffix  forming adverbs 构成副词□ -ousness  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [from or suggested by Anglo-French -ous, Old French -eus, from Latin -osus]

ousel var.  of OUZEL  OUZEL 的变体

oust /aʊst/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  drive out or expel, esp. by forcing oneself into the place of 驱逐；赶出(尤指强迫某人去某处) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) Law  put (a person) out of possession; deprive 【法律】使(某人)丧失财产；剥夺 [Anglo-French ouster, Old French oster ‘take away’, from Latin obstare ‘oppose, hinder’ (as OB-, stare ‘stand’)]

ouster /ˈaʊstə/ n.  1  ejection as a result of physical action, judicial process, or political upheaval 驱逐 2 esp. N. Amer.  dismissal, expulsion [尤北美]免职；开除

out /aʊt/ adv., prep., n., adj., int. & v. ●adv.  1  away from or not in or at a place etc. 离开；不在(某地等)  keep him out  把他关在外边 get out of here  从这儿出去 my son is out in Canada  我儿子出国在加拿大 2 (forming part of phrasal verbs 构成动词短语的一部分)  a  indicating dispersal away from a centre etc. (表示从中心等)分开  hire out  出租 share out  分配 board out  在外寄膳b  indicating a progression to a conclusion or resolution 表示快要结束，殆尽  die out  平息 fit it out  准备齐全c  indicating coming or bringing into the open for public attention etc. 表示出现；显露  call out  唤起 send out  派遣 shine out  出众 stand out  突出d  indicating a need for attentiveness 表示需要注意  watch out  当心 look out  留神 listen out  注意听 3  a  not in one's house, office, etc. 不在房里(办公室等)；出去  went out for a walk  出门散步b  occupied elsewhere, esp. socially (尤指在社交上)忙于交往  out with friends  忙于和朋友交往c  no longer detained in prison 出狱 4  a  completely; thoroughly 完全地；彻底地  tired out  筋疲力尽b  in its entirety 全部地；整体地  typed it out  全部打完了 5 (of a fire, light, etc.) not burning; no longer lit (火、灯光等)熄灭 6  in error 错误地  was 3% out in my calculations  在我的计算中有 3% 的错误 7 colloq.  unconscious [口]无知觉；昏迷着  she was out for five minutes  她失去知觉 5 分钟 8  a (of a tooth) extracted (牙)被拔掉b (of a joint, bone, etc.) dislocated (关节、骨头等)脱臼；错位  put his shoulder out  使他的肩膀脱臼 9 (of a party, politician, etc.) not in office (政党、政治家等)在野 10 (of a jury) considering its verdict in secrecy (陪审团在裁决时)不在庭上 11 (of workers) on strike (工人)在罢工中 12 (of a secret) revealed (秘密)泄漏 13 (of a flower) blooming, open (花)盛开着；开放着 14 (of a book) published (书)出版 15 (of a star) visible after dark (星星)天黑后出现 16  unfashionable 不流行；不时髦  turn-ups are out  翻边裤腿不流行了 17  a (of a batsman, batter, etc.) no longer taking part as such, having been caught, stumped, etc. (击球手等)出局b (of a shot, serve, etc.) outside the boundary of the playing area (击球、发球等)出界 18  not worth considering; rejected 不值得考虑；否决  that idea is out  那个主意不值得考虑 19 (prec. by 前接 superl.) colloq.  known to exist [口]现存地；迄今为止  the best game out  迄今为止最好的比赛 20 (of a stain, mark, etc.) not visible, removed (污痕、痕迹等)去掉  painted out the sign  用油漆把标语涂掉 21 (of time) not spent working (时间)不用在工作上  took five minutes out  休息 5 分钟 22 (of a rash, bruise, etc.) visible (皮疹、青肿等)显现；出来 23 (of the tide) at the lowest point (潮汐)退去 24 Boxing  unable to rise from the floor 【拳击】不能从地上站起；失败  out for the count  数秒后被判失败 25  a  at an end; over 最后；结束  before the week is out  在这周结束之前b (in a radio conversation etc.) transmission ends (在收音机交谈等中)传输结束  over and out  通话完毕 26 archaic (of a young upper-class woman) introduced into society [古义] (上层社会的年轻妇女)进入社交界 ●prep.  1 disp.  out of [异议]向…外面  looked out the window  向窗外望去 2 archaic  outside; beyond the limits of [古义]在…外边；超过…的界限 ●n.  1 colloq.  a way of escape; an excuse [口]脱身之计；借口 2 (the outs)  the political party out of office 在野党 3 Baseball  the action or an act of putting a player out 【棒球】球员出局 ●adj.  1 Brit. (of a match) played away [英] (比赛)输掉的 2 (of an island) away from the mainland (岛)远离陆地的 ●int.  a peremptory dismissal, reproach, etc. 走开；滚蛋  out, you scoundrel!  滚出去，你这个恶棍！ ●v.  1 tr.  a  put out 赶出去b colloq.  eject forcibly [口]强行逐出 2 intr.  come or go out; emerge 出来；出去；出现  murder will out  谋杀终必败露 3 tr. Boxing  knock out 【拳击】击倒 4 tr. colloq.  reveal the homosexuality of (a prominent person) [口]公开(名人)有同性恋 □ at outs   at variance or enmity 与…意见不合；与…有分歧□ not out  Cricket (of a side or a batsman) not having been caught, bowled, etc. 【板球】(侧旋球)没有接住；(击球手)没有投球□ out and about  (of a person, esp. after an illness) engaging in normal activity (尤指病愈的人)恢复正常(能够外出走动)□ out and away   by far 大大地；无可比拟地□ out at elbows   see 见 ELBOW □ out for   having one's interest or effort directed to; intent on 置兴趣(或努力)于…，专心于…□ out of   1  from within 从…里面出来  came out of the house  从房中走出来 2  not within 不在里面  I was never out of England  我从未离开过英格兰 3  from among 从…中  nine people out of ten  10 个人中有 9 个人 must choose out of these  必须从这里面选出 4  beyond the range of 超过…范围  is out of reach  够不着 5  without or so as to be without 没有；失去  was swindled out of his money  被骗取了钱财 out of breath  上气不接下气 out of sugar  没糖了 6  from 从…  get money out of him  从他那里拿钱 7  owing to; because of 由于；因为  asked out of curiosity  好奇地问 8  by the use of (material) 用…(原料)制成  what did you make it out of?  你用什么原料做的？ 9  at a specified distance from (a town, port, etc.) 距离(城镇、港口等)有多远  seven miles out of Liverpool  距利物浦 7 英里 10  beyond 超过  something out of the ordinary  异乎寻常的东西 11 Racing (of an animal, esp. a horse) born of 【赛马】(动物，尤指马)由…所生殖□ out of bounds   see 见 BOUND2 □ out of date   see 见 DATE1 □ out of doors   see 见 DOOR □ out of drawing   see 见 DRAWING □ out of hand   see 见 HAND □ out of it   1  not included; forlorn 在局外的；孤独的 2 colloq.  unaware of what is happening, due to excessive drinking etc. [口] (由于喝酒过度等而)神志不清□ out of order   see 见 ORDER □ out of pocket   see 见 POCKET □ out of the question   see 见 QUESTION □ out of sorts   see 见 SORT □ out of temper   see 见 TEMPER □ out of this world   see 见 WORLD □ out of the way   see 见 WAY □ out to   keenly striving to do 力图做某事□ out with   an exhortation to expel or dismiss (an unwanted person) (用劝告)驱逐；撵走(不受欢迎的人)□ out with it   say what you are thinking 说出来；想什么说什么 [Old English ūt, Old High German ūz, related to Sanskrit ud-]■Usage 用法说明 The use of out as a preposition, as in He threw it out the window or I jumped out the boat, is considered incorrect by some people. Out of is preferable in formal contexts. 有些人认为 out 作介词用时，不能用于下列句子中 : He threw it out the window (他将其扔出窗外)或 I jumped out the boat (我突然从船上跳了下来)，在正式语境中最好用 out of 。 

out- /aʊt/ prefix added to verbs and nouns, meaning 加在动词和名词的前面，意为 :  1  so as to surpass or exceed (outdo 超越；战胜 ; outnumber 数目超过；比…多) 超过；胜过 2  external, separate (outline 轮廓 ; outhouse 外屋 ; outdoors 户外) 外部；分开 3  out of; away from; outward (outspread 展开 ; outgrowth 长出) 出去；远离；在外

outact /aʊtˈækt/ v. tr.  surpass in acting or performing (在演技上)胜过

outage /ˈaʊtidʒ/ n.  a period of time during which a power supply etc. is not operating (能源等的)断供期

out and out adj.  1  thorough; surpassing 彻底的；超绝的 2  thoroughly; surpassingly 彻底地；超绝地

out-and-outer n. slang [俚语]  1  a thorough or supreme person or thing 优秀人物；极好的东西 2  an extremist 走极端的人

outback /ˈaʊtbæk/ n. esp. Austral.  the remote and usu. uninhabited inland districts [尤澳] (尤指偏远的)无人居住的内陆地区 □ outbacker  n.  

outbalance /aʊtˈbæləns/ v. tr.  1  count as more important than 重于；比…更重要 2  outweigh 在重量上超过

outbid /əʊtˈbid/ v. tr. (-bidding; past and past part. -bid)  1  bid higher than (another person) at an auction (在拍卖时)出价高于(他人) 2  surpass in exaggeration etc. (在夸张等方面)超过

outblaze /aʊtˈbleiz/ v.  1 intr.  blaze out or outwards 发光芒；迸发热情 2 tr.  blaze more brightly than 光亮超过

outboard /ˈaʊtbɔ:d/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a motor) portable and attachable to the outside of the stern of a boat (马达)可尾挂的 2 (of a boat) having an outboard motor (船)装有尾挂发动机的 ●adj. & adv.  on, towards, or near the outside of esp. a ship, an aircraft, etc. 位于(朝、接近) (尤指船舷、机身等)外(的) ●n.  1  an outboard engine 尾挂发动机 2  a boat with an outboard engine 尾挂机船

outbound /ˈaʊtbaʊnd/ adj.  outward bound 向外去的；向外开的

outbrave /aʊtˈbreiv/ v. tr.  1  outdo in bravery 以勇敢战胜 2  face defiantly 无畏地面对

outbreak /ˈaʊtbreik/ n.  1  a usu. sudden eruption of war, disease, rebellion, etc. (通常指战争、疾病、叛乱等的)突然爆发 2  an outcrop (岩层等的)露出；露头

outbreeding /ˈaʊtbri:diŋ/ n.  the theory or practice of breeding from animals not closely related 杂交繁殖；远亲繁殖 □ outbreed  v. intr. & tr. (past and past part. -bred)  

outbuilding /ˈaʊtbildiŋ/ n.  a detached shed, barn, garage, etc. within the grounds of a main building; an outhouse 附属建筑；外屋(在主建筑范围内，但与其分离的小屋、谷仓、车库等)

outburst /ˈaʊtbɜ:st/ n.  1  an explosion of anger etc., expressed in words 爆发(用言词表达生气等) 2  an act or instance of bursting out 爆发 3  an outcrop 露出；露头

outcast /ˈaʊtkɑ:st/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person cast out from or rejected by his or her home, country, society, etc. 被(家庭、国家、社会等)抛弃(驱逐)的人 2  a tramp or vagabond 流浪汉 ●adj.  rejected; homeless; friendless 被抛弃的；无家可归的；无依无靠的

outcaste n. & v. ●n. /ˈaʊtkɑ:st/ (also 亦作 attrib.)  1  a person who has no caste, esp. in Hindu society (尤指在印度社会)没有种性的人 2  a person who has lost his or her caste 失去种性的人 ●v. tr. /-ˈkɑ:st/  cause (a person) to lose his or her caste 把…逐出种性；使成贱民

outclass /aʊtˈklɑ:s/ v. tr.  1  belong to a higher class than 比…等级高 2  defeat easily 轻易击败

outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n.  a result; a visible effect 结果；成果

outcrop /ˈaʊtkrɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the emergence of a stratum, vein, or rock, at the surface (地层、血管或岩石)露出表面b  a stratum etc. emerging 露出地面的地层(岩石等) 2  a noticeable manifestation or occurrence 出现；发生 ●v. intr. (-cropped, -cropping)  appear as an outcrop; crop out 露头；露出

outcry /ˈaʊtkrai/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of crying out 尖叫 2  an uproar 骚动 3  a noisy or prolonged public protest 强烈抗议

outdance /aʊtˈdɑ:ns/ v. tr.  surpass in dancing 舞跳得比…好

outdare /aʊtˈdɛə/ v. tr.  1  outdo in daring 比…胆子更大 2  overcome by daring 以大胆战胜

outdated /aʊtˈdeitid/ adj.  out of date; obsolete 过时的；废弃的

outdistance /aʊtˈdist(ə)ns/ v. tr.  leave (a competitor) behind completely 把(竞争者)远远地抛在后面

outdo /aʊtˈdu:/ v. tr. (3rd sing. present -does; past -did; pres. part. -doing; past part. -done)  exceed or excel in doing or performance; surpass 胜过；超过；超越

outdoor /ˈaʊtdɔ:/ attrib. adj.  1  done, existing, or used out of doors 户外做的；在户外的；户外使用的 2  fond of the open air 喜欢户外活动的  an outdoor type  喜欢户外活动的人

outdoor pursuits n. pl.  usu. organized sporting or leisure activities undertaken out of doors (通常有组织的)户外活动(消遣) also 亦作 attrib.: outdoor pursuits centre  户外活动中心

outdoors /aʊtˈdɔ:z/ adv. & n. ●adv.  in or into the open air; out of doors 在户外；到户外；在野外 ●n.  the world outside buildings; the open air 户外；野外

outer /ˈaʊtə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  outside; external 外面的；外部的  pierced the outer layer  穿透外层 2  farther from the centre or inside; relatively far out 远离中心的；远离内部的；边远的 3  objective or physical, not subjective or psychical 客观外界的；物质的；非主观的；非精神的 ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  the division of a target furthest from the bull's-eye 靶子的外圈b  a shot that strikes this 外圈命中 2 Brit.  an outer garment or part of one [英]外衣；外套 3 Austral. slang  the part of a racecourse outside the enclosure [澳] [俚语]跑道的外圈 4 Brit.  an outer container for transport or display [英] (运输或展览的)外包装 [Middle English from OUT, replacing UTTER1]

outer Bar n. (prec. by 前接 the)  barristers who are not Queen's Counsels 席外律师；普通律师(非王室法律顾问)

outer garments n. pl.  clothes worn over other clothes or outdoors 外套；外衣

Outer House n. Law (in Scotland) the hall where judges of the Court of Session sit singly 【法律】(苏格兰)最高民事法院(或法庭)

outer man n. (also 亦作 outer woman) (prec. by 前接 the)  personal appearance; dress 外表；装束

outermost /ˈaʊtəməʊst/ adj.  furthest from the inside; the most far out 离中心最远的；最外面的

outer planet n.  a planet with an orbit outside the asteroid belt (i.e. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) 小行星带外的行星(如木星、土星、天王星、海王星、冥王星)

outer space  see 见 SPACE n. 3a 

outerwear /ˈaʊtəwɛə/ n.  = OUTER GARMENTS 

outer woman  see 见 OUTER MAN 

outer world n. (prec. by 前接 the)  people outside one's own circle 自己圈子外的人

outface /aʊtˈfeis/ v. tr.  disconcert or defeat by staring or by a display of confidence 盯得…局促不安；压倒；战胜

outfall /ˈaʊtfɔ:l/ n.  the mouth of a river, drain, etc., where it empties into the sea etc. (入海等的)河口；排水口；出水口

outfield /ˈaʊtfi:ld/ n.  1  the outer part of a cricket or baseball field (板球或棒球的)外场 2  outlying land 外沿土地 □ outfielder  n.  

outfight /aʊtˈfait/ v. tr.  fight better than; beat in a fight 比…打得出色；打败

outfit /ˈaʊtfit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of clothes worn or esp. designed to be worn together 全套服装 2  a complete set of equipment etc. for a specific purpose (有特定用途的)全套工具(设备等) 3 colloq.  a group of people regarded as a unit, organization, etc.; a team [口]一班人马；一队人 ●v. tr. (-fitted, -fitting) (also 亦作 refl.)  provide with an outfit, esp. of clothes 配备；供给(尤指衣服)

outfitter /ˈaʊtfitə/ n.  a supplier of equipment, esp. (Brit.) of conventional styles of clothing or (N. Amer.) of equipment for outdoor expeditions 提供设备者，[尤英]提供传统服装者；[北美]提供户外探险设备者

outflank /aʊtˈflæŋk/ v. tr.  1  a  extend one's flank beyond that of (an enemy) 侧翼包抄(敌人)b  outmanoeuvre (an enemy) in this way 以包抄智胜(敌人) 2  get the better of; confound (an opponent) 战胜(挫败)对手

outflow /ˈaʊtfləʊ/ n.  1  an outward flow 流出 2  the amount that flows out 流出量

outflung /ˈaʊtflʌŋ, predic. -ˈflʌŋ/ adj. (esp. of an arm) flung out to one side (尤指手臂)伸出的；张开的

outfly /aʊtˈflai/ v. tr. (-flies; past -flew; past part. -flown)  1  surpass in flying 在飞行速度上超过 2  fly faster or farther than 飞得比…快；飞得比…远

outfox /aʊtˈfɒks/ v. tr. colloq.  outwit [口]以智取胜

outgas /aʊtˈɡæs/ v. (outgases, outgassed, outgassing)  1 intr.  release or give off a dissolved or adsorbed gas or vapour 除去…中的(水蒸)气 2 tr.  a  release or give off (a substance) as a gas or vapour 释放(水蒸)气b  drive off a gas or vapour from 从…中释放气体

outgeneral /aʊtˈdʒen(ə)r(ə)l/ v. tr. (-generalled, -generalling; US [美] -generaled, -generaling)  1  outdo in generalship 在将才上超过 2  get the better of by superior strategy or tactics 以优越的战略、战术击败

outgo v. & n. ●v. tr. /aʊtˈɡəʊ/ (3rd sing. present -goes /-ˈɡəʊz/; past -went /-ˈwent/; past part. -gone /-ˈɡɒn/) archaic  go faster than; surpass [古义]走得比…快；超越；胜过 ●n. /ˈaʊtɡəʊ/ (pl. -goes)  expenditure of money, effort, etc. 开支；付出(钱、努力等)

outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  friendly; sociable; extrovert 友好的；好交际的；性格外向的 2  retiring from office 退休的 3  going out or away 出去的；离去的 ●n. Brit. [英]  1 (in pl. 用复数)  expenditure 开支；开销 2  the act or an instance of going out 离去

outgrow /aʊtˈɡrəʊ/ v. tr. (past -grew; past part. -grown)  1  grow too big for (one's clothes) 长大使(某人的衣服)不再适用 2  leave behind (a childish habit, taste, ailment, etc.) as one matures 由于成长而不再具有(孩子的习惯、爱好、疾病等) 3  grow faster or taller than (a person, plant, etc.) 长得比(人、植物等)快(高) □ outgrow one's strength  Brit. (esp. of a plant) become lanky and weak through too rapid growth [英] (尤指植物)由于生长太快而瘦弱

outgrowth /ˈaʊtɡrəʊθ/ n.  1  something that grows out 长出物；产物 2  an offshoot; a natural product 分枝；自然产物 3  the process of growing out 长出

outguess /aʊtˈɡes/ v. tr.  guess correctly what is intended by (another person) 猜透…的意图

outgun /aʊtˈɡʌn/ v. tr. (-gunned, -gunning)  1  surpass in military or other power or strength (在军事、力量、实力上)胜过 2  shoot better than 枪打得比…准

outhouse /ˈaʊthaʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a building, esp. a shed, lean-to, barn, etc. built next to or in the grounds of a house [尤英]外屋(尤指建在主建筑旁边的小棚子、披屋、谷仓等建筑) 2 N. Amer.  an outdoor lavatory [北美]户外厕所 ●v. tr.  store (books etc.) away from the main collection 把(书籍等)分开储藏

outing /ˈaʊtiŋ/ n.  1  a short holiday away from home, esp. of one day or part of a day; a pleasure trip, an excursion (尤指一天之内的)郊游；远足 2  any brief journey from home 短途旅游 3  an appearance in an outdoor match, race, etc. 户外比赛(赛跑等) 4 colloq.  the practice or policy of revealing the homosexuality of a prominent person [口]揭露名人有同性恋 [OUT v. + -ING1]

outjockey /aʊtˈdʒɒki/ v. tr. (-eys, -eyed)  outwit by adroitness or trickery 以机敏(或欺诈)击败

outjump /aʊtˈdʒʌmp/ v. tr.  surpass in jumping 比…跳得高(远)

outlander /ˈaʊtlændə/ n.  a foreigner, alien, or stranger 外国人；外人；陌生人

outlandish /aʊtˈlændiʃ/ adj.  1  looking or sounding foreign 外国模样的；外国口音的 2  bizarre, strange, unfamiliar 奇异的；陌生的；不熟悉的 □ outlandishly  adv.  □ outlandishness  n.   [Old English ūtlendisc from ūtland ‘foreign country’, from OUT + LAND]

outlast /aʊtˈlɑ:st/ v. tr.  last longer than (a person, thing, or duration) 比…活得长；比…持久；比…经久  outlasted its usefulness  经久耐用

outlaw /ˈaʊtlɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fugitive from the law 逃犯；罪犯 2 hist.  a person deprived of the protection of the law [史义]被剥夺法律保护者 ●v. tr.  1  declare (a person) an outlaw 宣布(某人)为罪犯 2  make illegal; proscribe (a practice etc.) 使…在法律上失效；使(诉讼手续等)失去法律保护 □ outlawry  n.   [Old English ūtlaga, ūtlagian from Old Norse útlagi, from útlagr ‘outlawed’: related to OUT, LAW]

outlay /ˈaʊtlei/ n.  the money spent on something 费用；经费；支出

outlet /ˈaʊtlet/ n.  1  a means of exit or escape 出口，出路 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a means of expression (of a talent, emotion, etc.) (感情等的)发泄途径；(才能等的)展示途径  find an outlet for tension  寻找缓解紧张的方法 3  an agency, distributor, or market for goods (商品的)行销处；批发商；市场  a new retail outlet in China  中国一家新的零售商店 4 US  a power point [美]电源插座 [Middle English, from OUT- + LET1]

outlier /ˈaʊtlaiə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 attrib.)  an outlying part or member 外面的部分(成员) 2 Geol.  a younger rock formation isolated in older rocks 【地质】外露层 3 Brit. Statistics  a result differing greatly from others in the same sample [英]【统计学】(在同一抽样中与其他)大不相同的结果；极端数

outline /ˈaʊtlain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rough draft of a diagram, plan, proposal, etc. (图表、计划、建议等的)草图；草案 2  a  a précis of a proposed novel, article, etc. (小说、文章等的)提纲；大纲b  a verbal description of essential parts only; a summary 概要；梗概 3  a sketch containing only contour lines 轮廓图 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  lines enclosing or indicating an object 物体的轮廓  the outline of a shape under the blankets  有东西盖在毯下面b  a contour 轮廓(线)c  an external boundary 外部界限 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the main features or general principles 主要特征；基本原则  the outlines of a plan  计划的要点 6  the representation of a word in shorthand (速记中)代表文字的符号 ●v. tr.  1  draw or describe in outline 描(画)…轮廓 2  mark the outline of 草拟…；概括…；概述… □ in outline   sketched or represented as an outline 以外形(或轮廓)显示

outlive /aʊtˈliv/ v. tr.  1  live longer than (another person) 比…活得长 2  live beyond (a specified date or time) 活过(某一日间或时期) 3  live through (an experience) 有过…经历；经受过

outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ n.  1  the prospect for the future 前景  the outlook is bleak  前景黯淡 2  one's mental attitude or point of view 观点；态度  narrow in their outlook  观点狭隘 3  what is seen on looking out 景色；景致

outlying /ˈaʊtlaiiŋ/ attrib. adj.  situated far from a centre; remote 远离中心的；边远的

outmanoeuvre /aʊtməˈnu:və/ v. tr. (US [美] -maneuver)  1  use skill and cunning to secure an advantage over (a person) 智胜(某人) 2  outdo in manoeuvring 在谋虑上胜过

outmatch /aʊtˈmætʃ/ v. tr.  be more than a match for (an opponent etc.); surpass 优于(对手等)；胜过

outmeasure /aʊtˈmeʒə/ v. tr.  exceed in quantity or extent 在数量(或程度)上超过

outmoded /aʊtˈməʊdid/ adj.  1  no longer in fashion 过时的 2  obsolete 废弃的 □ outmodedly  adv.  □ outmodedness  n.  

outmost /ˈaʊtməʊst/ adj.  1  outermost; furthest 最外边的；离中心最远的 2  uttermost 最远的 [Middle English, variant of utmest UTMOST]

outnumber /aʊtˈnʌmbə/ v. tr.  exceed in number 在数量上超过

out-of-body experience n.  a sensation of being outside one's body, esp. of floating and being able to observe oneself from a distance 灵魂离体的体验(尤指飘浮起来或从远处能够看到自己的感受)

out-of-court attrib. adj. (esp. of a settlement) made or done outside or without the intervention of a court (尤指解决问题)法庭外的

out of date adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  old-fashioned, obsolete 过时的；废弃的

out of doors adj. & adv.  in or into the open air 户外(的)；在户外(的)

out-of-pocket expenses n. pl.  the actual outlay of cash incurred 现金支付费用；实付费用

out-of-town attrib. adj. (esp. of a large store or development) situated or taking place outside a town (尤指大的商店、新建住宅区)非本市的；外地的

outpace /aʊtˈpeis/ v. tr.  1  go faster than 比…快 2  outdo in a contest 超过；胜过

outpatient /ˈaʊtpeiʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a patient who attends a hospital without staying there overnight 门诊病人

outperform /aʊtpəˈfɔ:m/ v. tr.  1  perform better than 比…做得好 2  surpass in a specified field or activity (在某一领域或活动中)胜过 □ outperformance  n.  

outplacement /ˈaʊtpleism(ə)nt/ n.  the act or process of finding new employment for esp. executive workers who have been dismissed or made redundant 安排新工作(尤指对被开除或精减的行政人员)

outplay /aʊtˈplei/ v. tr.  surpass in playing; play better than 击败；打得比…好

outpoint /aʊtˈpɔint/ v. tr. (in various sports, esp. boxing) score more points than (在各种运动，尤指拳击中)得分超过

outport /ˈaʊtpɔ:t/ n.  1  a subsidiary port 外港；辅助港 2 Canad.  a small remote fishing village [加]偏远的小渔村

outpost /ˈaʊtpəʊst/ n.  1  a detachment set at a distance from the main body of an army, esp. to prevent surprise (尤指为防止奇袭，派驻在离主力部队很远的地带的)前哨 2  a distant branch or settlement 边远的分枝(或居民点) 3  the furthest territory of an (esp. the British) empire (尤指英国)帝国最远的边境

outpouring /ˈaʊtpɔ:riŋ/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a copious spoken or written expression of emotion (口头或书面上)感情的流露；洋溢 2  what is poured out 倒出物；泄出物；涌出物

outpsych /aʊtˈsaik/ v. tr. esp. US colloq.  defeat (a person) by psychological influence [尤美口] (通过心理影响)击败(某人)

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the product of a process, esp. of manufacture, or of mental or artistic work (尤指制造业生产的)产品；作品；艺术作品 2  the quantity or amount of this 产量；生产量 3  the printout, results, etc. supplied by a computer (计算机的)输出信息；打印结果 4  the power etc. delivered by an apparatus 输出电力(功率等) 5  a place where energy, information, etc. leaves a system (能量、信息等的)输出端 ●v. tr. (-putting; past and past part. -put or -putted)  1  put or send out 输出；发出 2 (of a computer) supply (results etc.) (计算机)输出(结果等)

outrage /ˈaʊtreidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an extreme or shocking violation of others' rights, sentiments, etc. (侵犯他人权利、感情等的)严重的违法行为；肆无忌惮的暴行 2  a gross offence or indignity (恶劣的)侵犯；侮辱 3  fierce anger or resentment (极度的)愤怒，愤慨  a feeling of outrage  愤怒 ●v. tr.  1  subject to outrage 使遭受暴行 2  injure, insult, etc. flagrantly 恶意伤害(肆无忌惮地侮辱等) 3  shock and anger 激怒 [Middle English via Old French outrage, via outrer ‘exceed’ from outre, from Latin ultra ‘beyond’]

outrageous /aʊtˈreidʒəs/ adj.  1  immoderate 毫无节制的 2  shocking 令人震惊的 3  grossly cruel 凶暴的；残忍的 4  immoral, offensive 不道德的；令人愤怒的 □ outrageously  adv.  □ outrageousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French outrageus (as OUTRAGE)]

outran past  of OUTRUN  

outrange /aʊtˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr. (of a gun or its user) have a longer range than (枪或射手)在射程上超过

outrank /aʊtˈræŋk/ v. tr.  1  be superior in rank to 级别比…高 2  take priority over 优先于

outreach v. & n. ●v. tr. /aʊtˈri:tʃ/  1  reach further than 在能达到的范围方面超过 2  surpass 超越；胜过 3 poet.  stretch out (one's arms etc.) [诗]伸出；展开(手臂等) ●n. /ˈaʊtri:tʃ/  1  a  any organization's involvement with or influence in the community, esp. in the context of social welfare (组织对社区的)服务(尤指在社会福利事业方面)b  the extent of this 服务范围 2  the extent or length of reaching out 伸展范围  an outreach of 38 metres  伸展范围 38 米

out-relief n. Brit. hist.  assistance given to very poor people not living in a workhouse etc. [英史义] (给不生活在救济院等的穷人的)院外救济

outride /aʊtˈraid/ v. tr. (past -rode; past part. -ridden)  1  ride better, faster, or further than 骑得比…好(快、远) 2 (of a ship) come safely through (a storm etc.) (船)安然度过(风暴等)

outrider /ˈaʊtraidə/ n.  1  a mounted attendant riding ahead of, or with, a carriage etc. (马车等前面或旁边的)骑马侍从 2  a motorcyclist acting as a guard in a similar manner (开道的)摩托车警卫 3 US  a cowboy keeping cattle within bounds [美]骑马牧人，骑马的牛仔 □ outriding  n.  

outrigged /ˈaʊtriɡd/ adj. (of a boat etc.) having outriggers (船等)带有舷外浮材的

outrigger /ˈaʊtriɡə/ n.  1  a beam, spar, or framework, rigged out and projecting from or over a ship's side for various purposes 舷外浮材(凸出或放在船舷上的横梁、圆木、支架等) 2  a similar projecting beam etc. in a building (建筑物的)悬臂梁(外伸梁等) 3  a log etc. fixed parallel to a canoe to stabilize it (平行地固定在独木舟上以保持稳定的)舷外圆木(浮体等) 4  a  an extension of the splinter-bar of a carriage etc. to enable another horse to be harnessed outside the shafts (马车等把另外一匹马套在辕外所用的)辕外横木b  a horse harnessed in this way 套在辕外的马 5  a  an iron bracket bearing a rowlock attached horizontally to a boat's side to increase the leverage of the oar (水平装于船侧的)舷外铁架b  a boat fitted with these 配有舷外铁架的船 6  a chassis extension supporting the body of a motor vehicle (支撑摩托车车体的)底盘 [OUT- + RIG1: perhaps influenced by obsolete (nautical) outligger]

outright adv. & adj. ●adv. /aʊtˈrait/  1  altogether, entirely 完全地；全部地；彻底地  proved outright  全面证明 2  not gradually, nor by degrees, nor by instalments 一次地；不分批地；不分期地  bought it outright  银货两讫地购买 3  without reservation, openly 没有保留地；公开地  denied the charge outright  公开否认这项指控 ●attrib. adj. /ˈaʊtrait/  1  downright, direct, complete 率直的；直接的；完全的  their resentment turned to outright anger  他们的怨恨转为公开的愤怒 2  undisputed, clear 无可争辩的；显而易见的  the outright winner  无可争辩的赢家 □ outrightness  n.  

outrival /aʊtˈraiv(ə)l/ v. tr. (-rivalled, -rivalling; US [美] -rivaled, -rivaling)  outdo as a rival 胜过对手

outro /ˈaʊtrəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a concluding section, esp. of a broadcast programme or a piece of music [口] (尤指广播节目或乐曲的)结束部分 [OUT, on the pattern of INTRO]

outrode past  of OUTRIDE  

outrun v. & n. ●v. tr. /aʊtˈrʌn/ (-running; past -ran; past part. -run)  1  a  run faster or farther than 比…跑得快(远)b  escape from 从…逃脱 2  go beyond (a specified point or limit) 超出(一定的点或界限) ●n. /ˈaʊtrʌn/ Austral.  a sheep-run distant from its homestead [澳]跑出家园很远的羊

outrush /ˈaʊtrʌʃ/ n.  1  a rushing out 冲出 2  a violent overflow 涌出

outré /ˈu:trei/ adj.  1  outside the bounds of what is usual or proper 偏离常规的；失当的 2  eccentric or indecorous 古怪的；不得体的 [French, past part. of outrer: see OUTRAGE]

outsail /aʊtˈseil/ v. tr.  sail better or faster than 航行得比…好(或快)

outsat past and past part.  of OUTSIT 

outsell /aʊtˈsel/ v. tr. (past and past part. -sold)  1  sell more than 比…卖得多 2  be sold in greater quantities than 比…更畅销；比…销售数量大得多

outset /ˈaʊtset/ n.  the start, beginning 起始；开始 □ at (or from) the outset   at or from the beginning 开始；从开始

outshine /aʊtˈʃain/ v. tr. (past and past part. -shone)  shine brighter than; surpass in ability, excellence, etc. 比…更亮；在能力(优点等方面)胜过

outshoot /aʊtˈʃu:t/ v. tr. (past and past part. -shot)  1  shoot better or further than (another person) 比…射得更准(更远) 2 esp. US  attempt or score more goals, points, etc. than (another player or team) [尤美] (试图比竞争者或竞争队)得到更多的分

outside n., adj., adv. & prep. ●n. /aʊtˈsaid, ˈaʊtsaid/  1  the external side or surface; the outer parts 外边；外面；外部  painted blue on the outside  把外部刷成蓝色 2  the external appearance; the outward aspect of a building etc. 外表；(建筑物等的)外观 3  the side of a path away from the wall or next to the road 临墙或靠车道的人行道的外侧 4 (also 亦作 attrib.)  all that is without; the world as distinct from the thinking subject 外界；(相对于思想世界的)外部世界  learn about the outside world  了解外部世界 viewed from the outside the problem is simple  从外表看来，这个问题很简单 5  a position on the outer side 外面  the gate opens from the outside  这扇门从外边开 6 colloq.  the highest computation [口]最大数；最大量；最大限度  it is a mile at the outside  充其量也就 1 英里 7 Brit.  an outside player in football etc. [英] (足球等)边锋 8 (in pl. 用复数)  the outer sheets of a ream of paper 1 令纸的最外层(上下)两张 ●adj. /ˈaʊtsaid/  1  of or on or nearer the outside; outer 外边的；在外侧的；外部的 2  a  not of or belonging to some circle or institution 外界的；局外的  outside help  外界的帮助 outside work  不在工作场所做的工作b (of a broker) not a member of the Stock Exchange (经纪人)场外的 3 (of a chance etc.) remote; very unlikely (机会等)极小的；几乎不可能的 4 (of an estimate etc.) the greatest or highest possible 最大的；最大限度的  the outside price  最高价 5 (of a player in football etc.) positioned nearest to the edge of the field (足球等)边锋的 ●adv. /aʊtˈsaid/  1  on or to the outside 在外边；向外边 2  in or to the open air 在户外；向户外 3  not within or enclosed or included 不在内；在范围外；不包括 4 slang  not in prison [俚语]不在监狱中 ●prep. /aʊtˈsaid/ (also disp. [亦异议] foll. by 后跟 of)  1  not in; to or at the exterior of 不在…里边；向…外边；在…外边  meet me outside the post office  在邮局外边遇见我 2  external to, not included in, beyond the limits of 在…外；不包括在…内；超出…的界限  outside the law  在法律规定的范围以外 □ at the outside  (of an estimate etc.) at the most 充其量；至多□ get outside of  slang  eat or drink [俚语]吃(喝)□ outside and in   outside and inside 里里外外□ outside in   = INSIDE OUT □ outside of  esp. N. Amer. colloq.  apart from [尤北美口]除…以外■Usage 用法说明 The use of outside of as a preposition, e.g. There is nothing like it outside of Japan is considered incorrect by some people. Outside on its own is preferable. 有些人认为 outside 作介词时，下列句子不正确 : There is nothing like it outside of Japan (除了在日本，没有其他东西和此相像)，此时单独用 outside 更好。 

outside broadcast n. Brit.  a broadcast made on location and not in a studio [英]实况直播(转播)

outside edge n. (on an ice-skate) each of the edges facing outwards when both feet are together (滑冰中当双脚在一起时)用冰刀外刃滑

outside interest n.  a hobby; an interest not connected with one's work or normal way of life 嗜好；(与工作或正常生活无关的)业余爱好

outsider /aʊtˈsaidə/ n.  1  a  a non-member of some circle, party, profession, etc. (圈子、党派、职业等的)局外人b  an uninitiated person, a layman 非本行业的人；门外汉 2  a person without special knowledge, breeding, etc., or not fit to mix with good society 没有专业知识(教养等)的人；(与上层社会)不能融合相处的人 3  a competitor, applicant, etc. thought to have little chance of success (竞争者、申请人等)成功机会很小的人

outside track n.  the outside lane of a sports track etc. which is longer because of the curve (跑道等的)外圈跑道

outsit /aʊtˈsit/ v. tr. (-sitting; past and past part. -sat)  sit longer than (another person or thing) 比…坐(逗留)得更久

outsize /ˈaʊtsaiz/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unusually large 超大的 2 (of garments etc.) of an exceptionally large size (衣服等)特大号的 ●n.  an exceptionally large person or thing, esp. a garment 特大号的人(或东西) (尤指衣服) □ outsizeness  n.  

outskirts /ˈaʊtskɜ:ts/ n. pl.  the outer border or fringe of a town, district, subject, etc. (城市、地区的)近郊；市郊；(科目等的)边缘

outsmart /aʊtˈsmɑ:t/ v. tr. colloq.  outwit, be cleverer than [口]智胜；比…更聪明

outsold past and past part.  of OUTSELL 

outsource /aʊtˈsɔ:s/ v. tr. esp. N. Amer. Commerce [尤北美]【商业】  1  obtain (goods etc.) by contract from an outside source 外部采办(货物等) 2  contract (work) out 把(工作)包出去 □ outsourcing  /ˈaʊtsɔ:siŋ/ n.  

outspan /ˈaʊtspæn/ v. & n. S. Afr. [南非] ●v. (-spanned, -spanning)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  unharness (animals) from a cart, plough, etc. 从马车(犁等)卸下(牲畜) 2 intr.  break a wagon journey (旅途中)暂停；休息 ●n.  a place for grazing or encampment (人、畜)休息地 [South African Dutch uitspannen ‘unyoke’]

outspend /aʊtˈspend/ v. tr. (past and past part. -spent)  spend more than (one's resources or another person) 花费超过(自己的财力或他人)

outspoken /aʊtˈspəʊk(ə)n/ adj.  given to or involving plain speaking; frank in stating one's opinions 直言不讳的；坦白的；坦率的 □ outspokenly  adv.  □ outspokenness  /aʊtˈspəʊk(ə)nnis/ n.  

outspread adj. & v. ●adj. /aʊtˈspred, ˈaʊtspred/  spread out; fully extended or expanded 展开的；伸展的；扩展的 ●v. tr. & intr. /aʊtˈspred/ (past and past part. -spread)  spread out; expand 展开；扩展

outstanding /aʊtˈstændiŋ/ adj.  1  a  conspicuous, eminent, esp. because of excellence (尤指因优秀而)出众的；杰出的b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at , in)  remarkable in (a specified field) (在某一领域)著名的，显著的 2 (esp. of a debt) not yet settled (尤指债务)未解决的；未偿还的  £ 200 still outstanding  仍有 200 英镑未偿还 □ outstandingly  adv.  

outstare /aʊtˈstɛə/ v. tr.  1  outdo in staring 以目光压倒 2  abash by staring 盯得…窘迫不安

outstation /ˈaʊtsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a branch of an organization, enterprise, or business in a remote area or at a considerable distance from headquarters (机构、企业、商行的)办事处；分所；分站 2 esp. Austral. & NZ  part of a farming estate separate from the main estate [尤澳新] (与主要地产分离的)小地产；次地产

outstay /aʊtˈstei/ v. tr.  1  stay beyond the limit of (one's welcome, invitation, etc.) 逗留超过(欢迎、邀请等的)时间(界限) 2  stay or endure longer than (another person etc.) (比别人等)逗留(或忍耐)更久

outstep /aʊtˈstep/ v. tr. (-stepped, -stepping)  step outside or beyond 走到外边；跨过；超越

outstretch /aʊtˈstretʃ/ v. tr.  1 (usu. as 通常作 outstretched adj.)  reach out or stretch out (esp. one's hands or arms) 伸出；展开(尤指手、手臂) 2  reach or stretch further than 伸展得超过

outstrip /aʊtˈstrip/ v. tr. (-stripped, -stripping)  1  pass in running etc. (在赛跑等中)越过 2  surpass in competition or relative progress or ability (在竞赛中或在进步或能力上)胜过；超过

out-swinger /ˈaʊtswiŋə/ n. Cricket  a ball that swings away from the batsman 【板球】(投手投出的)外弧线球；侧飞球

out-take /ˈaʊtteik/ n.  a length of film or tape rejected in editing (在编辑中)剪去的胶卷(或带子)；剪余片

out-talk /aʊtˈtɔ:k/ v. tr.  outdo or overcome in talking 讲得比…好；讲话压倒

out-think /aʊtˈθiŋk/ v. tr. (past and past part. -thought)  outwit; outdo in thinking 智胜；思考得迅速(或深入、正确等)

out-thrust adj., v. & n. ●adj. /ˈaʊtθrʌst/  extended; projected 伸出的；突出的  ran forward with out-thrust arms  伸出胳膊向前跑 ●v. tr. /aʊtˈθrʌst/ (past and past part. -thrust)  thrust out 伸出；突出 ●n. /ˈaʊtθrʌst/  1  the act or an instance of thrusting forcibly outward 用力伸出 2  the act or an instance of becoming prominent or noticeable 突出的(引人注目的)行为

out to lunch adj. colloq.  crazy, mad [口]发狂的；疯的

out-top /aʊtˈtɒp/ v. tr. (-topped, -topping)  surmount, surpass in height, extent, etc. (尤指在高度、程度上等)超过；超越

out-tray /ˈaʊttrei/ n.  a tray for outgoing documents, letters, etc. (放已处理或待发文件、信件等的)文件盘

out-turn /ˈaʊttɜ:n/ n.  1  the quantity produced 产量 2  the result of a process or sequence of events (事件的)结果

outvalue /aʊtˈvælju:/ v. tr. (-values, -valued, -valuing)  be of greater value than 比…更有价值

outvote /aʊtˈvəʊt/ v. tr.  defeat by a majority of votes 以多数票战胜

outwalk /aʊtˈwɔ:k/ v. tr.  1  outdo in walking 比…走得快(远) 2  walk beyond 走过

outward /ˈaʊtwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  situated on or directed towards the outside 位于外面的；朝外的 2  going out 出外的  on the outward voyage  在海外航行 3  bodily, external, apparent, superficial 肉体的；外部的；显然的；表面的  in all outward respects  外部的各个方面 4 archaic  outer [古义]在外的；外表的  the outward man  人的躯壳(或外表) ●adv. (also 亦作 outwards)  in an outward direction; towards the outside 向外的；朝外面的 ●n.  the outward appearance of something; the exterior 外表；外观 □ to outward seeming   apparently 从表面上看□ outwardly  adv.   [Old English ūtweard (as OUT, -WARD)]

outward bound adj. & n. ●adj. (of a ship, passenger, etc.) going away from home (船、乘客等)出港的 ●n. (作 Outward Bound) propr.  a movement to provide adventure training, naval training, and other outdoor activities for young people [商标]户外训练运动(探险、航海、及其他年轻人的户外活动)

outward form n.  appearance 外表；外貌

outwardness /ˈaʊtwədnis/ n.  1  external existence; objectivity 客观存在性；外在性 2  an interest or belief in outward things, objective-mindedness 对外在事物的关注(或客观态度)

outwards var.  of OUTWARD  adv. OUTWARD 的变体

outward things n. pl.  the world around us 外界(事物)

outwash /ˈaʊtwɒʃ/ n.  the material carried from a glacier by melt water and deposited beyond the moraine 冰水沉积

outwatch /aʊtˈwɒtʃ/ v. tr.  1  watch more than or longer than 比…观看得久(远) 2 archaic  keep awake beyond the end of (night etc.) [古义]守望到(夜等)结束

outwear v. & n. ●v. tr. /aʊtˈwɛə/ (past -wore; past part. -worn)  1  exhaust; wear out; wear away 耗尽；穿坏；磨损 2  live or last beyond the duration of 比…活得长；比…经久 3 (as 作 outworn adj.)  out of date, obsolete 过时(的)；废弃(的) ●n. /ˈaʊtwɛə/ Brit.  outer clothing [英]外衣

outweigh /aʊtˈwei/ v. tr.  exceed in weight, value, importance, or influence (在重量、价值、重要性、影响等上)超过

outwent past  of OUTGO  

outwit /aʊtˈwit/ v. tr. (-witted, -witting)  be too clever or crafty for; deceive by greater ingenuity 智胜；骗过

outwith /aʊtˈwiθ/ prep. Sc.  outside, beyond [苏格兰]在…外边；超过

outwore past  of OUTWEAR  

outwork /ˈaʊtwɜ:k/ n.  1  an advanced or detached part of a fortification 防御工事的外围部分 2 Brit.  work done outside the shop or factory which supplies it [英]商店(或工厂)外做的工作 □ outworker  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

outworking /ˈaʊtwɜ:kiŋ/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the action or process of working out; practical operation 完成工作的行为或过程；实际操作

outworn past part.  of OUTWEAR  

ouzel /ˈu:z(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 ousel)  1  = RING OUZEL  2  = WATER OUZEL  3 archaic  a blackbird [古义]黑鸟 [Old English ōsle ‘blackbird’, of unknown origin]

ouzo /ˈu:zəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Greek aniseed-flavoured spirit (希腊)茴香烈酒 [modern Greek]

ova pl.  of OVUM  

oval /ˈəʊv(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  egg-shaped, ellipsoidal 卵形的；椭圆形(体)的 2  having the outline of an egg, elliptical 有鸡蛋轮廓的，椭圆的 ●n.  1  an egg-shaped or elliptical closed curve 卵形(或椭圆形)闭合曲线 2  any object with an oval outline 椭圆形物体 3  a sports ground with an oval field, esp. Austral. a ground for Australian Rules football 椭圆形的运动场 ([尤澳]澳式橄榄球场地) □ ovality  /-ˈvæliti/ n.  □ ovally  adv.  □ ovalness  n.   [medieval Latin ovalis (as OVUM)]

Oval Office n.  the office of the US President in the White House (美国总统在白宫的)椭圆形办公室

ovary /ˈəʊv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  each of the female reproductive organs in which ova are produced 卵巢 2  the hollow base of the carpel of a flower, containing one or more ovules 子房 □ ovarian  /əʊˈvɛəriən/ adj.  □ ovariectomy  /-riˈektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ ovariotomy  /-riˈɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in sense 1 用于释义 1)  □ ovaritis  /-ˈraitis/ n. (in sense 1)  [modern Latin ovarium (as OVUM)]

ovate /ˈəʊveit/ adj. esp. Biol.  egg-shaped as a solid or in outline; oval 【生】卵形的；椭圆形(体)的 [Latin ovatus (as OVUM)]

ovation /ə(ʊ)ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an enthusiastic reception, esp. spontaneous and sustained applause (尤指自发或持续的)热烈欢迎 2 Rom. Antiq.  a lesser form of triumph [古罗马]小凯旋式 □ ovational  adj.   [Latin ovatio from ovare ‘exult’]

oven /ˈʌv(ə)n/ n.  1  an enclosed compartment of brick, stone, or metal for cooking food (封闭的用于做饭的)炉；灶 2  a chamber for heating or drying 烤炉；干燥炉 3  a small furnace or kiln used in chemistry, metallurgy, etc. (用于化学、冶金等用的)烘箱 [Old English ofen, from Germanic]

ovenbird /ˈʌv(ə)nbɜ:d/ n.  any Central or S. American bird of the family Furnariidae, many of which make domed nests (中美洲或南美洲的)灶鸟(灶鸟科，大多数筑半球形鸟窝)

ovenproof /ˈʌv(ə)npru:f/ adj.  suitable for use in an oven; heat-resistant 适于用烤箱烤的；耐热的

oven-ready adj. (of food) prepared before sale so as to be ready for immediate cooking in the oven (食物在销售前已收拾好的)即可放入炉中烤制的

ovenware /ˈʌv(ə)nwɛə/ n.  dishes that can be used for cooking food in the oven 烤箱用器皿

over /ˈəʊvə/ adv., prep., n. & adj. ●adv. expressing movement or position or state above or beyond something stated or implied 高于；超过(所提及或暗指的动作、位置或状态)  1  outward and downward from a brink or from any erect position 从边缘(或竖直的)位置落下  knocked the man over  把人撞倒 2  so as to cover or touch a whole surface 遍布(扩展)到整个表面  paint it over  全部都涂上漆 3  so as to produce a fold, or reverse a position; with the effect of being upside down 折叠；翻转 4  a  across a street or other space 穿过街道(或其他地方)  decided to cross over  决定穿过去 came over from America  从美国远道而来b  for a visit etc. 从一处到另一处(做客等)  invited them over last night  昨晚邀请他们来做客 5  with transference or change from one hand or part to another 转移；变化  went over to the enemy  变节投敌 swapped them over  将他们对换 6  with motion above something; so as to pass across something 过；越过  climb over  爬过 fly over  飞过 boil over  因沸腾而溢出来 7  from beginning to end with repetition or detailed concentration 从头至尾地循环；自始至终  think it over  考虑再三 did it six times over  从头至尾做了 6 遍 8  in excess; more than is right or required 剩余  left over  剩余 9  for or until a later time 再持续一段时间  hold it over  拖延 10  at an end; settled 结束；已解决  the crisis is over  危机过去了 all is over between us  我们之间一切都结束了 11 (in full 全称 over to you) (as 作 int.) (in radio conversations etc.) said to indicate that it is the other person's turn to speak (无线电通话用语)报文完，请回复！ 12 (as 作 int.) Cricket  an umpire's call to change ends 【板球】(裁判口令)交换 ●prep.  1  above, in, or to a position higher than; upon 在…上方；在…上空；在…上面；在…上 2  out and down from; down from the edge of 越过…向下；从…边缘向下  fell over the cliff  从悬崖上跌落 3  so as to cover 覆盖在…上  a hat over his eyes  盖住眼的帽子 4  above and across; so as to clear 越过；绕过  flew over the North Pole  飞越北极 a bridge over the Thames  横跨泰晤士河的桥 5  concerning; engaged with; as a result of; while occupied with 关于；从事于；作为…结果；在从事…的时候  laughed over a good joke  听到一个好玩的笑话，笑了起来 fell asleep over the newspaper  在读报纸的时候睡着了 6  a  in superiority of; superior to; in charge of 高于；在…之上；优于；掌管  a victory over the enemy  打败敌人赢得胜利 reign over three kingdoms  统治 3 个王国b  in preference to 优先于 7 Math.  divided by 【数】除以 8  a  throughout; covering the extent of 遍布；覆盖  travelled over most of Africa  游遍非洲大部分地区 a blush spread over his face  他脸上泛起红晕b  so as to deal with completely 全面地  went over the plans  全面检查各项计划 9  a  for the duration of 在…期间  stay over Saturday night  星期六晚上没走b  at any point during the course of 在…期间的某个时候  I'll do it over the weekend  我会在周末做这件事 10  beyond; more than 超过；比…多  bids of over £ 50  出价高于 50 英镑 are you over 18?  你过 18 岁了吗？ 11  transmitted by 由…传播  heard it over the radio  从无线电广播里听到的 12  in comparison with 与…相比  gained 20% over last year  与去年相比增加 20% 13  having recovered from 从…恢复过来  am now over my cold  我现在感冒已经好了 will get over it in time  会及时恢复过来的 ●n. Cricket  1  a sequence of balls (now usu. six), bowled from one end of the pitch 【板球】(从球场的一端)投出的一轮球(通常 6 个) 2  the period of play during which such a sequence is bowled 投出一轮球的期间 ●adj. (see also 另见 OVER-)  1  upper, outer 上面的；外面的 2  superior 上级的；较高的 3  extra 额外的 □ begin (or start etc.) over  N. Amer.  begin again [北美]重新开始□ get it over with   do or undergo something unpleasant etc. so as to be rid of it 经历(不愉快的事情)并摆脱(它)□ give over  (usu. as 通常作 int.) colloq.  desist [口]停止□ not over   not very; not at all 一点也不  not over friendly  一点也不友好□ over again   once again, again from the beginning 再一次；重新□ over against   in an opposite situation to; adjacent to, in contrast with 在…对面；在…附近；与…相比□ over all   taken as a whole 全部；遍及□ over and above   in addition to; not to mention 除…之外；不必提及  £ 100 over and above the asking price  高于要价 100 英镑□ over and over   so that the same thing or the same point comes up again and again 反复；再三  said it over and over  反复说 rolled it over and over  来回翻滚□ over the fence  Austral. & NZ slang  unreasonable; unfair; indecent [澳新] [俚语]极不讲理的；不公正的；下流的□ over one's head   see 见 HEAD □ over the hill   see 见 HILL □ over the moon   see 见 MOON □ over to you   see 见 OVER adv. 11 □ over the way  (in a street etc.) facing or opposite (街道等的)路对面；街对面 [Old English ofer, from Germanic]

over- /ˈəʊvə/ prefix added to verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, meaning 加在动词、名词、形容词和副词前，表示 :  1  excessively; to an unwanted degree (overheat 过热 ; overdue 过期的) 过分；多余 2  upper, outer, extra (overcoat 外套 ; overtime 加班) 穿在外面的；外部的；额外的 3  ‘over’ in various senses (overhang 悬于…之上 ; overshadow 使相形见绌) “ over ”的各种释义 4  completely, utterly (overawe 威慑 ; overjoyed 十分高兴的) 圆满地；完全地

over-abundant /əʊv(ə)rəˈbʌnd(ə)nt/ adj.  in excessive quantity (数量)过分充裕的 □ over-abundance  n.  □ over-abundantly  adv.  

overachieve /əʊv(ə)rəˈtʃi:v/ v.  1 intr.  do more than might be expected (esp. scholastically) (尤指在学习或学术上)完成得比预期更好 2 tr.  achieve more than (an expected goal or objective etc.) 超额完成(预期的目标等) □ overachievement  n.  □ overachiever  n.  

overact /əʊvərˈækt/ v. tr. & intr.  act (a role) in an exaggerated manner 夸张地表演(一个角色)

overactive /əʊvərˈæktiv/ adj.  excessively active 过分活跃的 □ overactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

over age adj. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  over a certain age limit; too old 超龄的；太老的

overage /ˈəʊv(ə)ridʒ/ n.  a surplus or excess, esp. an amount greater than estimated 超额；过剩(尤指高于估计的数量)

overall adj., adv. & n. ●adj. /ˈəʊvərɔ:l/  1  total, inclusive of all 全部的；包括所有的  overall cost  全部费用 2  taking everything into account, general 综合的；全面的  overall improvement  全面改善 3  from end to end 从头至尾的  overall length  全长 ●adv. /əʊvərˈɔ:l/  in all parts; taken as a whole 总的来说；全面地  overall, the performance was excellent  总的来说，演出非常出色 ●n. /ˈəʊvərɔ:l/  1 Brit.  an outer garment worn to keep out dirt, wet, etc. [英] (防尘、防水等的)工作服 2 (in pl. 用复数)  protective trousers, dungarees, or a combination suit, worn by workmen etc. (工人等穿的)工装裤；防护服 3 Brit.  close-fitting trousers worn as part of army uniform [英]紧身军裤 □ overalled  /ˈəʊvərɔ:ld/ adj.  

overambitious /əʊvəræmˈbiʃəs/ adj.  excessively ambitious 野心勃勃的 □ overambition  n.  □ overambitiously  adv.  

over-anxious /əʊvərˈæŋkʃəs/ adj.  excessively anxious 过分担忧的 □ over-anxiety  /-æŋˈzaiiti/ n.  □ over-anxiously  adv.  

overarch /əʊvərˈɑ:tʃ/ v. tr.  form an arch over 在…上方成拱形 □ overarching  adj.  

overarm /ˈəʊvərɑ:m/ adj. & adv.  1 Cricket & Tennis  etc. with the hand above the shoulder 【板球】【网球】手举过肩的  bowl it overarm  上手投球 an overarm service  发上手球 2 Swimming  with one or both arms lifted out of the water during a stroke 【游泳】单(或双)臂出水的(地)

overate past  of OVEREAT  

overawe /əʊvərˈɔ:/ v. tr.  1  restrain by awe 使敬畏；吓倒 2  keep in awe 威慑

overbalance /əʊvəˈbæl(ə)ns/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. esp. Brit.  cause (a person or thing) to lose its balance and fall [尤英]使(人或东西)失去平衡；使跌倒 2 intr.  fall over, capsize 跌倒；倾覆 3 tr.  outweigh 重量超过 ●n.  1  an excess 超重；超量；超值 2  the amount of this 超重(超值)的量

overbear /əʊvəˈbɛə/ v. tr. (past -bore; past part. -borne)  1 (as 作 overbearing adj.)  a  domineering, masterful 盛气凌人的；专横的；傲慢的b  overpowering 压倒性的；无法抵抗的 2  bear down; upset by weight, force, or emotional pressure 用重量(力量或情感压力)制服；击败；压服 3  put down or repress by power or authority (以权利、权威)制伏；威压 4  surpass in importance etc., outweigh (重要性等方面)超过；重于 □ overbearingly  adv.  □ overbearingness  n.  

overbid v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈbid/ (-bidding; past and past part. -bid)  1 tr.  make a higher bid than 出价高于 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Bridge 【桥牌】  a  bid more on (one's hand) than warranted 叫牌超过(手上牌的)实力b  overcall 争叫 ●n. /ˈəʊvəbid/  a bid that is higher than another, or higher than is justified 过高的出价 □ overbidder  n.  

overbite /ˈəʊvəbait/ n. Dentistry  the overlapping of the lower teeth by the upper 【牙科学】(上牙与下牙的)覆咬合

overblouse /ˈəʊvəblaʊz/ n.  a garment like a blouse, but worn without tucking it into a skirt or trousers 女式长罩衫

overblown /əʊvəˈbləʊn/ adj.  1  excessively inflated or pretentious 华而不实的；做作的 2 (of a flower or a woman's beauty etc.) past its prime (花或女人的美貌等)已过盛期的

overboard /ˈəʊvəbɔ:d/ adv.  from on a ship into the water 从船上落到水里  fall overboard  落入水中 □ go overboard   1  be highly enthusiastic 狂热的 2  behave immoderately; go too far 举止无节制的；走极端的□ throw overboard   abandon, discard 放弃；抛弃

overbold /əʊvəˈbəʊld/ adj.  excessively bold 过于大胆的

overbook /əʊvəˈbʊk/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  make too many bookings for (an aircraft, hotel, etc.) in respect of the space available (飞机、旅馆等)预订过多，超员预订

overboot /ˈəʊvəbu:t/ n.  a boot worn over another boot or shoe 高统套靴

overbore past  of OVERBEAR  

overborne past part.  of OVERBEAR  

overbought past and past part.  of OVERBUY 

overbrim /əʊvəˈbrim/ v. (-brimmed, -brimming)  1 tr.  flow over the brim of 溢出 2 intr. (of a vessel or liquid) overflow at the brim (容器或液体)溢出；满出

overbuild /əʊvəˈbild/ v. tr. (past and past part. -built)  1  build over or upon 在…上方(或上面)建筑 2  place too many buildings on (land etc.) (在土地等上)建造过多(过密)

overburden v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈbɜ:d(ə)n/  burden (a person, thing, etc.) to excess 使(人、物等)负担过重 ●n. /ˈəʊvəbɜ:d(ə)n/  1  rock etc. that must be removed prior to mining the mineral deposit beneath it 覆盖岩(层等)；表土 2  an excessive burden 过重的负担 □ overburdensome  /əʊvəˈbɜ:d(ə)ns(ə)m/ adj.  

overbusy /əʊvəˈbizi/ adj.  excessively busy 太忙的

overbuy /əʊvəˈbai/ v. tr. & intr. (past and past part. -bought)  buy (a commodity etc.) in excess of immediate need 过多购买；超过需要购买(商品等)

overcall v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈkɔ:l/ (also absol. [亦含宾]) Bridge 【桥牌】  1  make a higher bid than (a previous bid or opponent) 争叫(叫牌高过上一人或对手) 2 Brit. [英]  = OVERBIDv. 2a  ●n. /ˈəʊvəkɔ:l/  an act or instance of overcalling 争叫

overcame past  of OVERCOME  

overcapacity /əʊvəkəˈpæsiti/ n.  a state of saturation or an excess of productive capacity 生产能力过剩

overcapitalize /əʊvəˈkæpit(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  fix or estimate the capital of (a company etc.) too high 对(公司等)资本估价过高

overcareful /əʊvəˈkɛəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  excessively careful 过分谨慎的；过分用心的 □ overcarefully  adv.  

overcast adj., v. & n. ●adj. /ˈəʊvəkɑ:st/  1 (of the sky, weather, etc.) covered with cloud; dull and gloomy (天空、天气等)多云的；阴的 2 (in sewing) edged with stitching to prevent fraying (在缝纫中)包边的；锁边的 ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈkɑ:st/ (past and past part. -cast)  1  cover (the sky etc.) with clouds or darkness 使(天等)多云；使阴暗 2  stitch over (a raw edge etc.) to prevent fraying 把(毛边等)包上，锁边 ●n. /ˈəʊvəkɑ:st/  cloud covering a large part of the sky 云

overcautious /əʊvəˈkɔ:ʃəs/ adj.  excessively cautious 过分谨慎的 □ overcaution  n.  □ overcautiously  adv.  □ overcautiousness  n.  

overcharge v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1  a  charge too high a price to (a person) for a thing 对…要价太高b  charge (a specified sum) beyond the right price 较正常价格多收(一定数额) 2  put too much charge into (a battery, gun, etc.) (电池、枪支等)过量充电(充弹) 3  put exaggerated or excessive detail into (a description, picture, etc.) (叙述、图画等)夸张；过分渲染 ●n. /ˈəʊvətʃɑ:dʒ/  an excessive charge (of explosive, money, etc.) (爆炸物)填充过量；(钱等)索价过高

overcheck /ˈəʊvətʃek/ n.  1  a combination of two different-sized check patterns 套格子花纹 2  a cloth with this pattern 套格子花纹布

overcloud /əʊvəˈklaʊd/ v. tr.  1  cover with cloud 使布满云层，使变阴 2  mar, spoil, or dim, esp. as the result of anxiety etc. (尤指由于焦虑等而)使生气；使沉闷  overclouded by uncertainties  因难以预料而神情忧郁 3  make obscure 使模糊

overcoat /ˈəʊvəkəʊt/ n.  1  a heavy coat, esp. one worn over indoor clothes for warmth outdoors in cold weather (尤指天冷时出门穿的)大衣 2  a protective coat of paint etc. (油漆)保护层

overcome /əʊvəˈkʌm/ v. (past -came; past part. -come)  1 tr.  prevail over, master, conquer 战胜；制服；征服 2 tr. (as 作 overcome adj.)  a  exhausted, made helpless 疲惫的；衰弱无力的b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, by)  affected by (emotion etc.) (感情等)压倒；受不了 3 intr.  be victorious 取胜；战胜 [Old English ofercuman (as OVER-, COME)]

overcommit /əʊvəkəˈmit/ v. tr. (overcommitted, overcommitting) (usu. 通常作 refl.)  commit (esp. oneself) to an excessive degree 使承担过多义务；使(尤指自己)卷入过深 □ overcommitment  n.  

overcompensate /əʊvəˈkɒmpenseit/ v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  compensate excessively for (something) 过度补偿 2 intr. Psychol.  strive for power etc. in an exaggerated way, esp. to make allowance or amends for a real or fancied grievance, defect, handicap, etc. 【心】过度代偿 □ overcompensation  /-penˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ overcompensatory  /-ˈseitəri/ adj.  

overconfident /əʊvəˈkɒnfid(ə)nt/ adj.  excessively confident 过于自信的；自负的 □ overconfidence  n.  □ overconfidently  adv.  

overcook /əʊvəˈkʊk/ v. tr.  cook too much or for too long 煮得过头(或过久) □ overcooked  adj.  

overcritical /əʊvəˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  excessively critical; quick to find fault 批评过多的；吹毛求疵的

overcrop /əʊvəˈkrɒp/ v. tr. (-cropped, -cropping)  exhaust (the land) by the continuous growing of crops 过度种植使(土地)贫瘠

overcrowd /əʊvəˈkraʊd/ v. tr.  fill (a space, object, etc.) beyond what is usual or comfortable 把(空间、物体等)塞得过满；使过度拥挤 □ overcrowding  n.  

over-curious /əʊvəˈkjʊəriəs/ adj.  excessively curious 过分好奇的 □ over-curiosity  /ˌəʊvəkjʊəriˈɒsiti/ n.  

over-delicate /əʊvəˈdelikət/ adj.  excessively delicate 特别精致的；过于微妙的 □ over-delicacy  n.  

overdetermine /əʊvədiˈtɜ:min/ v. tr.  1  determine, account for, or cause in more than one way, or with more conditions than are necessary (由多种方式或由多种因素)决定 2 (as 作 overdetermined adj.)  have more determining factors than the minimum necessary; have more than one cause 多种因素决定的；多种缘由的 □ overdetermination  /ˈ-neiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overdevelop /əʊvədiˈveləp/ v. tr. (-developed, -developing)  1  develop too much 过度发展；使过分发达 2 Photog.  treat with developer for too long 【摄】使显影过度

overdo /əʊvəˈdu:/ v. tr. (3rd sing. present -does; past -did; past part. -done)  1  carry to excess, take too far, exaggerate 把…做得过分；使用过度；夸张  I think you overdid the sarcasm  我认为你讽刺得有些过分了 2 (esp. as 尤作 overdone adj.)  overcook 煮得太久(太烂)；煮得过火 □ overdo it (or things)   exhaust oneself 使自己筋疲力尽 [Old English oferdōn (as OVER-, DO1)]

overdose /ˈəʊvədəʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  an excessive dose (of a drug etc.) (用药等)过量 ●v.  1 tr.  give an overdose of a drug etc. to (a person) 使(某人)用药过量 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  take on overdose of a drug 用药过量 □ overdosage  /əʊvəˈdəʊsidʒ/ n.  

overdraft /ˈəʊvədrɑ:ft/ n.  1  a deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than is credited to it 透支 2  the amount of this 透支额

overdramatize /əʊvəˈdræmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  express or react to in an excessively dramatic way 表达(或反应)过分戏剧化 □ overdramatic  /-drəˈmætik/ adj.  

overdraw /əʊvəˈdrɔ:/ v. (past -drew; past part. -drawn)  1 tr.  a  draw a sum of money in excess of the amount credited to (one's bank account) 透支(银行存款账户)b (as 作 overdrawn adj.)  having overdrawn one's account 透支的 2 intr.  overdraw one's account 透支 3 tr.  exaggerate in describing or depicting 过分描写；夸张 □ overdrawer  n. (in senses 1 & 2 用于释义 1 和 2)  

overdress v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈdres/  1 tr.  dress with too much display or formality 穿得过于讲究(或正式) 2 intr.  overdress oneself 打扮过分 ●n. /ˈəʊvədres/ esp. Brit.  a dress worn over another dress or a blouse etc. [尤英] (穿在衣服或衬衫外的)外衣；罩衣

overdrink /əʊvəˈdriŋk/ v. intr. & refl. (past -drank; past part. -drunk)  drink too much 饮酒过量

overdrive /ˈəʊvədraiv/ n.  1  a  a mechanism in a motor vehicle providing a gear ratio higher than that of the usual gear 超速档(齿轮转速比普通的齿轮高)b  an additional speed-increasing gear 超速档齿轮 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 in, into)  a state of high or excessive activity 过度的活动状态

overdub v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈdʌb/ (-dubbed, -dubbing) (also absol. [亦含宾])  impose (additional sounds) on an existing recording 把(录音)配到原带上 ●n. /ˈəʊvədʌb/  the act or an instance of overdubbing 原带配音

overdue /əʊvəˈdju:/ adj.  1  past the time when due or ready 迟到的；延误的 2  not yet paid, arrived, born, etc., though after the expected time 过期未付的；过期未到达的(未出生的等) 3 (of a library book etc.) retained longer than the period allowed (图书馆的图书等)逾期未还的

overeager /əʊvərˈi:ɡə/ adj.  excessively eager 过于热心的；急切渴望的 □ overeagerly  adv.  □ overeagerness  n.  

overeat /əʊvərˈi:t/ v. intr. & refl. (past -ate; past part. -eaten)  eat too much 吃得过多

over-elaborate adj. & v. ●adj. /əʊv(ə)riˈlæb(ə)rət/  excessively elaborate 过分精心制作的；阐述过详的 ●v. tr. /əʊv(ə)riˈlæbəreit/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  explain in excessive detail 阐述过详 □ over-elaborately  adv.  □ over-elaborateness  n.  □ over-elaboration  n.  

over-emotional /əʊv(ə)riˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  excessively emotional 过于情绪化的 □ over-emotionally  adv.  

overemphasis /əʊvərˈemfəsis/ n.  excessive emphasis 过分强调 □ overemphasize  /-fəsaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

overenthusiasm /əʊv(ə)rinˈθju:ziæz(ə)m, -ren-/ n.  excessive enthusiasm 过分热情 □ overenthusiastic  /-ˈæstik/ adj.  □ overenthusiastically  /-ˈæstik(ə)li/ adv.  

overestimate v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvərˈestimeit/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  form too high an estimate of (a person, ability, cost, etc.) 对(人、能力、费用等)估计过高 ●n. /əʊvərˈestimət/  too high an estimate 过高的估计 □ overestimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overexcite /əʊv(ə)rikˈsait, -rek-/ v. tr.  excite excessively 使过于兴奋(激动) □ overexcitement  n.  

over-exercise /əʊvərˈeksəsaiz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  use or exert (a part of the body, one's authority, etc.) too much 过度使用(身体某部位、权力等) 2 intr.  take too much exercise; overexert oneself 运动过量；使自己过度操劳 ●n.  excessive exercise 过量的运动

overexert /əʊv(ə)riɡˈzɜ:t, -rek-/ v. tr. & refl.  exert too much 用力过度(过多) □ overexertion  /-iɡˈzɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overexpose /əʊv(ə)rikˈspəʊz, -rek-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  expose too much, esp. to the public eye (尤指向公众)暴露过多 2 Photog.  expose (film) for too long a time 【摄】使(底片)曝光过度 □ overexposure  n.  

overextend /əʊv(ə)rikˈstend, -rek-/ v. tr.  1  extend (a thing) too far 过分张开；过分扩展 2 (also 亦作 refl.)  take on (oneself) or impose on (another person) an excessive burden of work 使(自己或别人)承担过多的工作

overfall /ˈəʊvəfɔ:l/ n.  1  a turbulent stretch of sea etc. caused by a strong current or tide over a submarine ridge, or by a meeting of currents (海等的)逆流碎波(强流或潮汐通过水底山脊或遇到强大海流时所产生的湍流) 2  a place provided on a dam, weir, etc. for the overflow of surplus water 溢水道；溢水坝(水坝、导流坝上提供溢出多余水的地方)

overfamiliar /əʊvəfəˈmiliə/ adj.  excessively familiar 过分熟悉的 □ overfamiliarity  /-liˈæriti/ n.  

overfatigue /əʊvəfəˈti:ɡ/ n.  excessive fatigue 疲劳过度

overfeed /əʊvəˈfi:d/ v. tr. (past and past part. -fed)  feed excessively 给…喂食过多

overfill /əʊvəˈfil/ v. tr. & intr.  fill to excess or to overflowing 装得太满；装得溢出来了

overfine /əʊvəˈfain/ adj.  excessively fine; too precise 太精细的；太精确的

overfish /əʊvəˈfiʃ/ v. tr.  deplete (a stream, stock of fish, etc.) by too much fishing 对(河流、鱼场等)捕捞过度

overflow v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈfləʊ/  1 tr.  a  flow over (the brim, limits, etc.) 流出；溢出(边缘、界限等)b  flow over the brim or limits of 溢出…边缘(界限) 2 intr.  a (of a receptacle etc.) be so full that the contents overflow it (容器等)满得溢出  until the cup was overflowing  直到杯子溢出b (of contents) overflow a container (所容之物等)流出容器 3 tr. (of a crowd etc.) extend beyond the limits of (a room etc.) (人群等)挤出(房间等) 4 tr.  flood (a surface or area) 淹没(表面或地区) 5 intr. (foll. by 常后跟 with)  be full of 充满 6 intr. (of kindness, a harvest, etc.) be very abundant (好意、收获等)洋溢；丰富 ●n. /ˈəʊvəfləʊ/ (also 亦作 attrib.)  1  what overflows or is superfluous 流出物；剩余物  mop up the overflow  把流出的东西用拖把拖掉 put the overflow audience in another room  把剩下的观众安置到另外一间房子里 2  an instance of overflowing 流出；溢出；泛滥  overflow occurs when both systems are run together  两种体系并行就会出现过剩 3 (esp. in a bath or sink) an outlet for excess water etc. (尤指浴室、水槽的)溢流口 4 Computing  the generation of a number having more digits than the assigned location 【计算】溢出；上溢(位数太多，超出指定的数位) [Old English oferflōwan (as OVER-, FLOW)]

overflow meeting n.  a meeting for those who cannot be accommodated at the main gathering 分会场会议

overfly /əʊvəˈflai/ v. tr. (-flies; past -flew; past part. -flown)  fly over or beyond (a place or territory) 飞行在…上空；飞越(地方或领地) □ overflight  /ˈəʊvəflait/ n.  

overfold /ˈəʊvəfəʊld/ n.  a series of strata folded so that the middle part is upside down 倒转褶皱

overfond /əʊvəˈfɒnd/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  having too great an affection or liking (for a person or thing) 过分喜欢的  overfond of chocolate  太爱吃巧克力 an overfond parent  娇惯孩子的父母 □ overfondly  adv.  □ overfondness  n.  

overfulfil /əʊvəfʊlˈfil/ v. tr. (US [美] -fulfill) (-fulfilled, -fulfilling)  fulfil (a plan, quota, etc.) beyond expectation or before the appointed time 超额完成(计划、配额等) □ overfulfilment  n.  

overfull /əʊvəˈfʊl/ adj.  filled excessively or to overflowing 过满的；满溢的

overgarment /ˈəʊvəɡɑ:m(ə)nt/ n.  a garment worn over others; an outer garment 罩袍；大衣

overgeneralize /əʊvəˈdʒen(ə)rəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  draw general conclusions from inadequate data etc. (从不充分的数据等中)得出普遍结论 2 intr.  argue more widely than is justified by the available evidence, by circumstances, etc. 依据手头(有限的)证据(条件等)过于充分地辩论 3 tr.  draw an excessively general conclusion from (data, circumstances, etc.) 从(数据、条件等)得出过于普遍的结论 □ overgeneralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overgenerous /əʊvəˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.  excessively generous 过分慷慨的 □ overgenerously  adv.  

overglaze /ˈəʊvəɡleiz/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a second glaze applied to ceramic ware (陶制器皿上的)第二层釉 2  decoration on a glazed surface 釉表面上的装饰 ●adj. (of painting etc.) done on a glazed surface 釉上的(绘画等)

overgraze /əʊvəˈɡreiz/ v. tr.  allow (grassland) to be so heavily grazed, or (of livestock) feed on (grassland) so heavily, that the vegetation is damaged and ground becomes liable to erosion (草场等)过度放牧；(牲畜)过度放养(以致草场植被毁坏、退化) □ overgrazing  n.  

overground /ˈəʊvəɡraʊnd, -ˈɡraʊnd/ adv. & adj.  1  above the ground 地面上的 2  in or into the open; unconcealed 公开的；不隐瞒的

overgrow /əʊvəˈɡrəʊ/ v. tr. (past -grew; past part. -grown)  1 (as 作 overgrown adj. /əʊvəˈɡrəʊn, ˈəʊvəɡrəʊn/)  a  abnormally large in stature 身材长得过高(的)；身体长得过快(的)  a great overgrown child  一个身体长得过快的孩子b  wild; grown over with vegetation 荒芜(的)；长满植被(的)  an overgrown pond  杂草丛生的池塘 2  grow over, overspread, esp. so as to choke 蔓延过度(以致阻塞)  nettles have overgrown the pathway  荨麻蔓延到小路上 3 archaic  grow too big for (one's strength etc.) [古义]生长过度 □ overgrowth  n.  

overhand /ˈəʊvəhænd/ adj. & adv.  1 (in cricket, tennis, baseball, etc.) with the hand above the shoulder (板球，网球，棒球等)举手过肩；上手地  an overhand service  上手发球 pitch it overhand  肩上投球 2 Swimming 【游泳】  = OVERARM 2  3  a  with the palm of the hand downward or inward 手掌朝下(或向内)地b  with the hand above the object held 手放在所握物体之上(的)

overhand knot n.  a simple knot made by forming a loop and passing the free end through it 反手结

overhang v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈhæŋ/ (past and past part. -hung)  1 tr. & intr.  project or hang over 突出于…之上；悬于…之上 2 tr.  menace, preoccupy, threaten 威胁；抢先占领；逼近 ●n. /ˈəʊvəhæŋ/  1  an instance of overhanging 悬垂；伸出 2  the overhanging part of a structure or rock formation (结构或岩石的)悬垂(或突出)部分 3  the amount by which a thing overhangs 突出量

overhaste /əʊvəˈheist/ n.  excessive haste 过于仓促 □ overhasty  adj.  □ overhastily  adv.  

overhaul v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈhɔ:l/  1  a  take to pieces in order to examine 拆开检查b  examine the condition of (and repair if necessary) 检修 2  overtake 赶上；超过 ●n. /ˈəʊvəhɔ:l/  a thorough examination, with repairs if necessary 全面检修 [originally nautical, = release (rope-tackle) by slackening]

overhead adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /əʊvəˈhed/  1  above one's head 在头顶上 2  in the sky or in the storey above 在空中；在上一层 ●adj. /ˈəʊvəhed/  1  placed overhead 置于上方的；高架的 2 (of a driving mechanism etc.) above the object driven (转仪装置等)在被驱动的物体上的 3 (of expenses) arising from general running costs, as distinct from particular business transactions (经费)经常的；间接的 ●n. /ˈəʊvəhed/ (in pl. 用复数 or N. Amer. in sing. [北美]用单数)  overhead expenses 经常(间接)费用

overhead projector n.  a device that projects an enlarged image of a transparency on to a surface above and behind the user 高射投影仪

overhear /əʊvəˈhiə/ v. tr. (past and past part. -heard) (also absol. [亦含宾])  hear as an eavesdropper or as an unperceived or unintentional listener 偷听到；无意中听到

overheat /əʊvəˈhi:t/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become too hot; heat to excess 使(或变得)过热；过度加热 2 tr.  cause marked inflation in (a country's economy) by placing excessive pressure on resources at a time of expanding demand 使(国家的经济)发展过快；使过热 3 tr. (as 作 overheated adj.)  too passionate about a matter 过于热情的；过于热烈的

over-indulge /əʊv(ə)rinˈdʌldʒ/ v. tr. & intr.  indulge to excess 过分沉溺于 □ over-indulgence  n.  □ over-indulgent  adj.  

over-inflated /əʊv(ə)rinˈfleitid/ adj.  excessively large or aggrandized; exaggerated 过于膨胀的；夸大的

over-insure /əʊv(ə)rinˈʃʊə/ v. tr.  insure (property etc.) for more than its real value; insure excessively (财产等)超值保险 □ over-insurance  n.  

overissue /əʊvərˈiʃ(j)u:, -ˈisju:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (-issues, -issued, -issuing)  issue (notes, shares, etc.) beyond the authorized amount, or the ability to pay (超过授权量或偿付能力)滥发(钞票、股票等) ●n.  the notes, shares, etc., or the amount so issued 过度发行的钞票(股票等)

overjoyed /əʊvəˈdʒɔid/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, to hear, etc.)  filled with great joy 极度高兴的；狂喜的

overkill n. & v. ●n. /ˈəʊvəkil/  1  the amount by which destruction or the capacity for destruction exceeds what is necessary for victory or annihilation 超量摧毁(或杀伤) 2  excessive behaviour; unwarranted thoroughness of treatment 过分行为；(未经授权的)彻底处理；过度行动 ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈəʊvəkil, əʊvəˈkil/  kill or destroy to a greater extent than necessary 超量毁伤

overladen /əʊvəˈleid(ə)n/ adj.  bearing or carrying too large a load 装载过多的；超载的

overlaid past and past part.  of OVERLAY1 

overlain past part.  of OVERLIE  

overland /ˈəʊvəlænd/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. & adv. /also 亦作 əʊvəˈland/  by land; not by sea 陆上(的)；经由陆地(的) ●v. Austral. [澳]  1 tr.  drive (livestock) overland 长途转地放牧(牲口) 2 intr.  go a long distance overland (由陆路)长途跋涉

overlander /ˈəʊvəlændə/ n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1  a person who drives livestock overland 长途转地放牧牲畜的人 2 slang  a tramp, a sundowner [俚语]流浪汉；无业游民

overlap v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈlæp/ (-lapped, -lapping)  1 tr. (of part of an object) partly cover (another object) 与…局部重合(叠) 2 tr.  cover and extend beyond 叠盖 3 intr. (of two things) partly coincide; not be completely separate (两种东西)部分一致；不完全分离  where psychology and philosophy overlap  心理学和哲学重叠的部分 ●n. /ˈəʊvəlæp/  1  an instance of overlapping 重合；互搭 2  the amount of this 重合量；互搭量

over-large /əʊvəˈlɑ:dʒ/ adj.  too large 超大的；特大的

overlay1 v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈlei/ (past and past part. -laid)  1  lay over 覆盖；胜过；使延期 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover the surface of (a thing) with (a coating etc.) 以(涂层等)覆盖(某物)的表面 3  overlie 覆在…上面 ●n. /ˈəʊvəlei/  1  a thing laid over another 覆盖物 2 (in printing, map-reading, etc.) a transparent sheet to be superimposed on another sheet (印刷、读图等中用的)上衬；透明塑料膜 3 Computing 【计算】  a  the process of transferring a block of data etc. to replace what is already stored (数据等的)转换(及替换)过程b  a section so transferred 转换(及替换)区 4  a coverlet, small tablecloth, etc. 床罩(小台布等)

overlay2 past  of OVERLIE  

overleaf /əʊvəˈli:f/ adv.  on the other side of the leaf (of a book) 在页后  the diagram overleaf  次页图表

overleap /əʊvəˈli:p/ v. tr. (past and past part. -leaped or -leapt)  1  leap over, surmount 跳过；越过 2  omit, ignore 省略；忽略 [Old English oferhlēapan (as OVER, LEAP)]

overlie /əʊvəˈlai/ v. tr. (-lying; past -lay; past part. -lain)  1  lie on top of 躺在…的上面 2  smother (a child etc.) by lying on top 由于覆在上面而闷死(小孩等)

overload v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈləʊd/  load excessively; force (a person, thing, etc.) beyond normal or reasonable capacity 使超载；使过载 ●n. /ˈəʊvələʊd/  an excessive quantity; a demand etc. which surpasses capability or capacity 超载量；超负荷；过重负担

overlong /əʊvəˈlɒŋ/ adj. & adv.  too or excessively long 超长的(地)

overlook v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈlʊk/  1  fail to notice; ignore, condone (an offence etc.) 不注意；忽视；宽恕(过失等) 2  have a view from above, be higher than 俯瞰；眺望 3  supervise, oversee 监督；监视 4  bewitch with the evil eye 用邪恶的眼光看；施魔法于 ●n. /ˈəʊvəlʊk/ US  a commanding position or view [美]居高临下的位置(或从高处眺望到的景色) □ overlooker  /ˈəʊvəlʊkə/ n.  

overlord /ˈəʊvəlɔ:d/ n.  a supreme lord 最高领主；霸主 □ overlordship  n.  

overly /ˈəʊvəli/ adv.  excessively; too 过度地；太

overlying pres. part.  of OVERLIE  

overman v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈmæn/ (-manned, -manning)  provide with too large a crew, staff, etc. (人员、职工等)配置过多 ●n. /ˈəʊvəmæn/ (pl. -men)  1  an overseer in a colliery (煤矿的)监工；工头 2 Philos. 【哲】  = SUPERMAN 1 

overmantel /ˈəʊvəmænt(ə)l/ n.  ornamental shelves etc. over a mantelpiece (壁炉上的)饰架

over-many /əʊvəˈmeni/ adj.  too many; an excessive number 过多的；过多数量的

overmaster /əʊvəˈmɑ:stə/ v. tr.  master completely, conquer (彻底)制服；征服；战胜 □ overmastering  adj.  □ overmastery  n.  

overmatch /əʊvəˈmætʃ/ v. tr.  be more than a match for; defeat by superior strength etc. 比对手强；以强大的力量战胜

overmeasure /ˈəʊvəmeʒə/ n.  an amount beyond what is proper or sufficient 过量；剩余量

over-mighty /əʊvəˈmaiti/ adj.  excessively powerful 极有势力的；强有力的

overmuch /əʊvəˈmʌtʃ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  to too great an extent; excessively 过度地；过多地 ●adj.  excessive; superabundant 过度的；过多的

overnice /əʊvəˈnais/ adj.  excessively fussy, punctilious, particular, etc. 吹毛求疵的；过于精细的；过分挑剔的 □ overniceness  n.  □ overnicety  n.  

overnight /əʊvəˈnait/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  for the duration of a night 一夜(间)  stay overnight  住一晚 2  during the course of a night 在整个夜间 3  suddenly, immediately 突然；立即  the situation changed overnight  形势突变 ●adj.  1  for use overnight 只供一夜使用的  an overnight bag  短途旅行用的小提箱 2  done etc. overnight 一夜做的  an overnight stop  逗留一晚

overnighter /əʊvəˈnaitə/ n.  1  a person who stops at a place overnight 在某地过一夜的人 2  an overnight bag 短途旅行用的小提箱

over-optimistic /ˌəʊvə(r)ɒptiˈmistik/ adj.  excessively or unjustifiably optimistic 过于乐观的；盲目乐观的 □ over-optimism  n.  

overpaid past and past part.  of OVERPAY 

overpaint /əʊvəˈpeint/ v. tr.  cover with another colour or layer of paint 再刷一种颜色(或一层)的油漆(颜料、涂料等)

overparted /əʊvəˈpɑ:tid/ adj. esp. Brit. Theatr.  having too demanding a part to play; cast beyond one's ability [尤英]【戏】担任力所不能的角色的

over-particular /əʊvəpəˈtikjʊlə/ adj.  excessively particular or fussy 过分挑剔的；吹毛求疵的

overpass n. & v. ●n. /ˈəʊvəpɑ:s/  a road or railway line that passes over another by means of a bridge 立交桥；天桥；跨线桥 ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈpɑ:s/  1  pass over or across or beyond 穿过；通过；过 2  get to the end of; surmount 超过；超越 3 (as 作 overpassed or overpast adj.)  that has gone by, past 过去了的；结束了的

overpay /əʊvəˈpei/ v. tr. (past and past part. -paid)  recompense (a person, service, etc.) too highly 对(某人、服务等)付给过多报酬 □ overpayment  n.  

overpitch /əʊvəˈpitʃ/ v. tr.  1 (often absol. [常含宾]) Cricket  bowl (a ball) so that it pitches or would pitch too near the stumps 【板球】投(球)过于接近三柱门 2 Brit.  exaggerate [英]夸张

overplay /əʊvəˈplei/ v. tr.  play (a part) to excess; give undue importance to; overemphasize (角色)表演过火；夸大…的重要性；过分强调 □ overplay one's hand   1  be unduly optimistic about one's capabilities 对自己的能力过分乐观 2  spoil a good case by exaggerating its value (过分夸张其价值而)导致失败

overplus /ˈəʊvəplʌs/ n.  a surplus, a superabundance 剩余；过剩 [Middle English, partial translation of Anglo-French surplus or medieval Latin su(pe)rplus]

overpopulated /əʊvəˈpɒpjʊleitid/ adj.  having too large a population 人口过剩的 □ overpopulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overpower /əʊvəˈpaʊə/ v. tr.  1  reduce to submission, subdue 制伏；征服 2  make (a thing) ineffective or imperceptible by greater intensity 比…强大得多 3 (of heat, emotion, etc.) be too intense for, overwhelm (热度、感情等)压倒；使无法忍受 □ overpowering  adj.  □ overpoweringly  adv.  

over-prescribe /əʊvəpriˈskraib/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  prescribe an excessive amount of (a drug) or too many (drugs) 开(药)过量，开过多的药 □ over-prescription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overprice /əʊvəˈprais/ v. tr.  price (a thing) too highly 对(某物)定价过高

overprint v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈprint/  1  print further matter on (a surface already printed, esp. a postage stamp) (在已印就的表面，尤指邮票上)添印；套印 2  print (further matter) in this way 加印 3 Photog.  print (a positive) darker than was intended 【摄】印片过度 4 (also absol. [亦含宾])  print too many copies of (a work) 过量印刷 ●n. /ˈəʊvəprint/  1  the words etc. overprinted 所套印的文字(图等) 2  an overprinted postage stamp 加盖邮票

overproduce /əʊvəprəˈdju:s/ v. tr. (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  1  produce more of (a commodity) than is wanted 超额生产 2  produce to an excessive degree 过剩生产 □ overproduction  n.  

overproof /əʊvəˈpru:f/ adj.  containing more alcohol than proof spirit does 酒精含量超标的

overprotective /əʊvəprəˈtektiv/ adj.  excessively protective, esp. of a person in one's charge (尤指对被监护人)过分保护的

overqualified /əʊvəˈkwɒlifaid/ adj.  too highly qualified (esp. for a particular job etc.) (尤指对某一特定工作)资历过高的

overran past  of OVERRUN  

overrate /əʊvəˈreit/ v. tr. (often as 常作 overrated adj.)  assess or value too highly 对…估计(估价)过高

overreach /əʊvəˈri:tʃ/ v. tr.  circumvent, outwit; get the better of by cunning or artifice 智胜，以智取胜；诈骗 □ overreach oneself   1  strain oneself by reaching too far 由于伸展过度而扭伤 2  defeat one's object by going too far 由于操之过急而失败

overreact /əʊvəriˈækt/ v. intr.  respond more forcibly etc. than is justified 反应过度(强烈等) □ overreaction  n.  

over-refine /əʊvəriˈfain/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  refine too much 精炼过度 2  make too subtle distinctions in (an argument etc.) 对(辩论等)进行过细区分 □ over-refinement  n.  

override v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈraid/ (past -rode; past part. -ridden)  1  have or claim precedence or superiority over 优先于；对…有优先权  an overriding consideration  优先考虑 2  a  intervene and make ineffective 干涉；使不起作用b  interrupt the action of (an automatic device) esp. to take manual control (尤指用人工控制)使自动装置不起作用 3  a  trample down or underfoot 践踏；蹂躏b  supersede arrogantly 淘汰 4  extend over, esp. (of a part of a fractured bone) overlap (another part) 使(骨折处)重叠 5  ride over (enemy country) 骑马经过(敌国) 6  exhaust (a horse etc.) by hard riding 把(马等)骑得过累 ●n. /ˈəʊvəraid/  1  the action or process of suspending an automatic function 超驰控制 2  a device for this 超驰控制装置

overrider /ˈəʊvəraidə/ n. Brit.  each of a pair of projecting pieces on the bumper of a car [英] (汽车的)保险杠挡块

overripe /əʊvəˈraip/ adj. (esp. of fruit etc.) past its best; excessively ripe; full-blown (尤指水果等)过分成熟的；熟透的；熟过的

overrode past  of OVERRIDE  

overruff v. & n. Cards 【牌戏】  ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈrʌf/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  overtrump 王牌盖吃 ●n. /ˈəʊvərʌf/  an instance of this 王牌盖吃

overrule /əʊvəˈru:l/ v. tr.  1  set aside (a decision, argument, proposal, etc.) by exercising a superior authority (上级权力机关)否决；驳回(裁决、辩论、建议等) 2  annul a decision by or reject a proposal of (a person) in this way 宣告裁决无效；否决(某人的)建议

overrun v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈrʌn/ (-running; past -ran; past part. -run)  1 (of vermin, weeds, etc.) swarm or spread over (害虫、杂草等)聚集；蔓延 2  conquer or ravage (territory) by force (用武力)蹂躏；掠夺 3 (of time, expenditure, production, etc.) exceed (a fixed limit) (时间、开支、产量等)超过(规定界限) 4 Printing  carry over (a word etc.) to the next line or page 【印刷】(词语等)移行重排 5 Mech.  rotate faster than 【机】比…旋转得快 6 (of water) flood (land) (水)淹没(土地) ●n. /ˈəʊvərʌn/  1  an instance of overrunning 蔓延；泛滥；超过限度 2  the amount of this 超出量；超出的成本；超印量 3  the movement of a vehicle at a speed greater than is imparted by the engine (车辆)超限运动 [Old English oferyrnan (as OVER-, RUN)]

oversailing /ˈəʊvəseiliŋ/ adj. (of a part of a building) projecting beyond what is below …砌成了连续突腰层(或翅托式)的；挑出的 [OVER + French saillir SALLY1]

oversaw past  of OVERSEE  

overscrupulous /əʊvəˈskru:pjʊləs/ adj.  excessively scrupulous or particular 过于谨慎的；过分挑剔的

overseas adv. & adj. ●adv. /əʊvəˈsi:z/ (also 亦作 oversea)  abroad 在海外  was sent overseas for training  被派往海外进行培训 ●attrib. adj. /ˈəʊvəsi:z/ (also 亦作 oversea)  1  foreign; across or beyond the sea 外国的；越洋的；海外的 2  of or connected with movement or transport over the sea (有关)海上运输的  overseas postage rates  海外邮费 □ from overseas   from abroad 来自海外

oversee /əʊvəˈsi:/ v. tr. (-sees; past -saw; past part. -seen)  officially supervise (workers, work, etc.) (对工人、工作等)监督；管理 [Old English ofersēon ‘look at from above’ (as OVER-, SEE1)]

overseer /ˈəʊvəsiə/ n.  a person who supervises others, esp. workers (尤指监督工人的)监工；工头 [OVERSEE]

overseer of the poor n. Brit. hist.  a parish official who administered funds to the poor [英史义] (管理贫民基金的)教会执事济贫助理

oversell /əʊvəˈsel/ v. tr. (past and past part. -sold) (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  sell more of (a commodity etc.) than one can deliver 销售(商品等)过多 2  exaggerate the merits of 过分吹嘘

oversensitive /əʊvəˈsensitiv/ adj.  excessively sensitive; easily hurt by, or too quick to react to, outside influences 过分敏感的；易受伤害的；易受外界影响的 □ oversensitiveness  n.  □ oversensitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

overset /əʊvəˈset/ v. tr. (-setting; past and past part. -set)  1 esp. Brit.  overturn, upset [尤英]推翻，打翻 2 Printing  set up (type) in excess of the available space 【印刷】使超排；使排版过密

oversew /ˈəʊvəsəʊ/ v. tr. (past part. -sewn or -sewed)  1  sew (two edges) with every stitch passing over the join 平式缝接；锁缝 2  join the sections of (a book) by a stitch of this type (书)用单页锁线法装订；对缝装订

oversexed /əʊvəˈsekst/ adj.  having unusually strong sexual desires 性欲过盛的

overshadow /əʊvəˈʃædəʊ/ v. tr.  1  appear much more prominent or important than 在显著性(或重要性)方面超过使相形见绌 2  cast into the shade; shelter from the sun 使阴暗，使暗淡不明 [Old English ofersceadwian (as OVER-, SHADOW)]

overshoe /ˈəʊvəʃu:/ n.  a shoe of rubber, felt, etc., worn over another as protection from wet, cold, etc. (用橡胶、毡等制作的、防水、防寒等的)套鞋，罩靴

overshoot v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈʃu:t/ (past and past part. -shot)  1  pass or send beyond (a target or limit) 超过(目标或界限) 2 (of an aircraft) fly beyond or taxi too far along (the runway) when landing or taking off (飞机着陆或起飞时)飞过(机场)；滑出(跑道) ●n. /ˈəʊvəʃu:t/  1  the act of overshooting 射击超越目标 2  the amount of this 超越量 □ overshoot the mark   go beyond what is intended or proper; go too far 做得过分；言过其实

overshot wheel n.  a waterwheel operated by the weight of water falling into buckets attached to its periphery 上射式水车

overside /əʊvəˈsaid/ adv.  over the side of a ship (into a smaller boat, or into the sea) 从船边(进入较小的船或海中)

oversight /ˈəʊvəsait/ n.  1  a failure to notice something 失察，忽略 2  an inadvertent mistake 疏忽；无意的错误 3  supervision 监督，照管

oversimplify /əʊvəˈsimplifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (also absol. [亦含宾])  distort (a problem etc.) by stating it in too simple terms 使(问题等)过于简单化 □ oversimplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

oversize /ˈəʊvəsaiz/ adj. (also 亦作 -sized /-ˈsaizd/)  of more than the usual size 过大的；比普通尺码大的

overskirt /ˈəʊvəskɜ:t/ n.  an outer or second skirt 罩裙

overslaugh /ˈəʊvəslɔ:/ n. & v. ●n. Brit. Mil. [英]【军】  the passing over of one's turn of duty 免去现有的职务 ●v. tr.  1 Brit. Mil.  pass over (one's duty) in consideration of another duty that takes precedence [英]【军】(因之前的任务而)免于执行现有任务 2 US  pass over in favour of another [美] (由于喜欢别的而)不考虑 3 US  omit to consider [美]忽视，忽略 [Dutch overslag (n.) from overslaan ‘omit’ (as OVER, slaan ‘strike’)]

oversleep /əʊvəˈsli:p/ v. intr. & refl. (past and past part. -slept)  continue sleeping beyond the intended time of waking; sleep too long 睡过头；睡太久

oversleeve /ˈəʊvəsli:v/ n.  a protective sleeve covering an ordinary sleeve 袖套，套袖

oversold past and past part.  of OVERSELL 

oversolicitous /əʊvəsəˈlisitəs/ adj.  excessively worried, anxious, eager, etc. 过度担心的；过度焦虑的；过度渴望的 □ oversolicitude  n.  

oversoul /ˈəʊvəsəʊl/ n.  God as a spirit animating the universe and including all human souls 超灵；上帝

overspecialize /əʊvəˈspeʃ(ə)laiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  concentrate too much on one aspect or area (某一方面或领域)过于专门化 □ overspecialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

overspend v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈspend/ (past and past part. -spent)  1 intr. & refl.  spend too much 花费过多 2 tr.  spend more than (a specified amount) 支出超出(规定的数额) ●n. /ˈəʊvəspend/  1  the act of overspending a limit 超支行为 2  an instance of this 超支 3  the amount by which a limit is overspent 超支量

overspill /ˈəʊvəspil/ n.  1  what is spilt over or overflows 溢出物；溢出 2 Brit.  the surplus population leaving a country or city to live elsewhere [英]农村(或城市)过剩人口的迁移

overspread /əʊvəˈspred/ v. tr. (past and past part. -spread)  1  become spread or diffused over 蔓延，扩散 2  cover or occupy the surface of 覆盖；布满…的表面 3 (as 作 overspread adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  covered 被覆盖(的)  high mountains overspread with trees  树木茂密的高山 [Old English ofersprœˉdan (as OVER-, SPREAD)]

overstaff /əʊvəˈstɑ:f/ v. tr.  provide with too large a staff 配备太多职员

overstate /əʊvəˈsteit/ v. tr.  1  state (esp. a case or argument) too strongly 把(尤指案件、论据)讲得过分；过分强调 2  exaggerate 夸大 □ overstatement  n.  

overstay /əʊvəˈstei/ v. tr.  stay longer than (one's welcome, a time limit, etc.) 逗留过久；停留时间长于(欢迎的限度或时限等)

oversteer v. & n. ●v. intr. /əʊvəˈstiə/ (of a motor vehicle) have a tendency to turn more sharply than was intended (机动车)把方向盘打得过猛；过度转向 ●n. /ˈəʊvəstiə/  this tendency 方向盘过度转向

overstep /əʊvəˈstep/ v. tr. (-stepped, -stepping)  1  pass beyond (a boundary or mark) 逾越；越过(界限或标志) 2  violate (certain standards of behaviour etc.) 违反(某种行为准则等) □ overstep the mark   violate conventions of behaviour 违反行为标准；超过限度

overstitch /ˈəʊvəstitʃ/ n. & v. Needlework 【刺绣】  ●n.  a stitch made over an edge or another stitch 有底缝编 ●v. tr.  sew with an overstitch 有底缝编

overstock v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈstɒk/  stock excessively 使存货过多 ●n. /ˈəʊvəstɒk/ esp. US  a supply in excess of demand or requirement [尤美]过多的存货

overstrain /əʊvəˈstrein/ v. tr.  strain too much 过度紧张；过度伸张

overstress v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈstres/  stress too much 过分强调 ●n. /ˈəʊvəstres/  an excessive degree of stress 过分的强调

overstretch /əʊvəˈstretʃ/ v. tr.  1  stretch too much 过度伸展 2 (esp. as 尤作 overstretched adj.)  make excessive demands on (resources, a person, etc.) (对资源、人员等)过分要求(或需求)

overstrung adj.  1 /əʊvəˈstrʌŋ/ (of a person, disposition, etc.) intensely strained, highly strung (人、性情等)过度紧张的；神经过敏的 2 /ˈəʊvəstrʌŋ/ (of a piano) with strings in sets crossing each other obliquely (钢琴)把琴弦斜向交叉着装的

overstudy /əʊvəˈstʌdi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  study beyond what is necessary or desirable 学习过度 2 (as 作 overstudied adj.)  excessively deliberate; affected 考虑过多的；做作的

overstuff /əʊvəˈstʌf/ v. tr.  1  stuff more than is necessary 把…塞得过满 2 (as 作 overstuffed adj.) (of furniture) made soft and comfortable by thick upholstery (家具)垫得又软又厚

oversubscribe /əʊvəsəbˈskraib/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 oversubscribed adj.)  subscribe for more than the amount available of (a commodity offered for sale etc.) 超额认购(出售的货物等)  the offer was oversubscribed  出价已逾限额

oversubtle /əʊvəˈsʌt(ə)l/ adj.  excessively subtle; not plain or clear 过于精细的；过于微妙的

oversupply /əʊvəsəˈplai/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  supply with too much 过多供应 ●n.  an excessive supply 过多的供应品

oversusceptible /əʊvəsəˈseptib(ə)l/ adj.  too susceptible or vulnerable 太易受影响的；太易受伤害的

overt /əʊˈvɜ:t, ˈəʊvət/ adj.  unconcealed; done openly 不隐藏的；公开的 □ overtly  adv.  □ overtness  n.   [Middle English via Old French, past part. of ovrir ‘open’, from Latin aperire]

overtake /əʊvəˈteik/ v. tr. (past -took; past part. -taken)  1 (also (Brit.) absol. [英] [亦含宾])  catch up with and pass while travelling in the same direction 追上；超 2 (of a storm, misfortune, etc.) come suddenly or unexpectedly upon (风暴、不幸等)突然降临；意外碰上 3  become level with and exceed (a compared value etc.) 赶上；超过

overtask /əʊvəˈtɑ:sk/ v. tr.  1  give too heavy a task to 给…太多的工作 2  be too heavy a task for 对…来说工作负担过重

overtax /əʊvəˈtæks/ v. tr.  1  make excessive demands on (a person's strength etc.) 使受过重压力 2  tax too heavily 课税过重

over-the-counter attrib. adj.  obtainable from a shop, esp. (of drugs) without a prescription  see also 另见 over the counter (COUNTER1)  买卖双方直接交易的(尤指药物无处方也可合法出售的)

over-the-top  see 见 over the top 2 (TOP1) 

overthrow v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈθrəʊ/ (past -threw; past part. -thrown)  1  remove forcibly from power 推翻 2  put an end to (an institution etc.) 使终止 3  conquer, overcome 战胜，克服 4  knock down, upset 撞倒；打翻 ●n. /ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/  1  a defeat or downfall 击败；打倒 2 Cricket 【板球】  a  a fielder's return of the ball, not stopped near the wicket and so allowing further runs 过远回球(外野手回球远离三柱门)b  such a run (板球中回球过远)打击手跑向三柱门 3 Archit.  a panel of decorated wrought-iron work in an arch or gateway 【建】(在拱形或大门上饰有熟铁制品的)镶嵌板

overthrust /ˈəʊvəθrʌst/ n. Geol.  the thrust of esp. lower strata on one side of a fault over those on the other side 【地质】(尤指地下层的)逆掩断层；上冲断层

overtime /ˈəʊvətaim/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  the time during which a person works at a job in addition to the regular hours 超时；加班 2  payment for this (为超时、加班所支付的)加班费 3 N. Amer. Sport [北美]【运动】  = EXTRA TIME  ●adv.  in addition to regular hours 超时地；在加班时间内

overtire /əʊvəˈtaiə/ v. tr. & refl.  exhaust or wear out (esp. an invalid etc.) 使(尤指病人等)过度疲劳

overtone /ˈəʊvətəʊn/ n.  1 Mus.  any of the tones above the lowest in a harmonic series 【音】泛音(高于最低基础音的音) 2  a subtle or elusive quality or implication 弦外之音；暗示  sinister overtones  凶兆 [OVER- + TONE, suggested by German Oberton]

overtop /əʊvəˈtɒp/ v. tr. (-topped, -topping)  1  be or become higher than (变得)比…高 2  surpass 胜过；超越

overtrain /əʊvəˈtrein/ v. tr. & intr.  subject to or undergo too much (esp. athletic) training with a consequent loss of proficiency (尤指体育运动)训练过度

overtrick /ˈəʊvətrik/ n. Bridge  a trick taken in excess of one's contract 【桥牌】超约得墩

overtrump /əʊvəˈtrʌmp/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cards  play a higher trump than (another player) 【牌戏】王牌盖吃

overture /ˈəʊvətj(ʊ)ə/ n.  1  an orchestral piece opening an opera etc. (歌剧等的)前奏曲 2  a one-movement composition in this style 序曲 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  an opening of negotiations 谈判的开端b  a formal proposal or offer initiating negotiation, cooperation, etc. (esp. 尤用于 make overtures to 向…提出) (对开始谈判、合作等而做出的)主动表示；提议 4  the beginning of a poem etc. 序诗 [Middle English via Old French from Latin apertura APERTURE]

overturn v. & n. ●v. /əʊvəˈtɜ:n/  1 tr.  cause to fall down or turn over; upset 使倒下；使翻转；打翻 2 tr.  reverse; subvert; abolish; invalidate 翻转；推翻；废除；使无效 3 intr.  fall down; turn over 倒下；翻过来 ●n. /ˈəʊvətɜ:n/  a subversion, an act of upsetting 颠覆；推翻；打翻

overuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈju:z/  use too much 使用过度 ●n. /əʊvəˈju:s/  excessive use 过度的使用

overvalue /əʊvəˈvælju:/ v. tr. (-values, -valued, -valuing)  value too highly; have too high an opinion of 估价过高；评价过高；高估

overview /ˈəʊvəvju:/ n.  a general survey 概述；概观

overwater v. & adj. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈwɔ:tə/ (also absol. [亦含宾])  water (a plant etc.) too much 给(植物等)浇水太多 ●attrib. adj. /ˈəʊvəwɔ:tə/  situated above the water 水上的

overweening /əʊvəˈwi:niŋ/ adj.  arrogant, presumptuous, conceited, self-confident 过于傲慢的；过于自大的；自负的；自信的 □ overweeningly  adv.  □ overweeningness  n.   [OVER- + WEEN]

overweight adj., n. & v. ●adj. /əʊvəˈweit/  1  in excess of a weight considered normal or desirable 超出规定重量的；过重的 2  beyond an allowed or suitable weight 超重的 ●n. /ˈəʊvəweit/  excessive or extra weight; preponderance 超重；优势 ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈweit/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  load unduly 使超重；使负荷过重

overwhelm /əʊvəˈwelm/ v. tr.  1  overpower with emotion 使受不了，使不知所措 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  overpower with an excess of business etc. 征服；制服；压倒 3  bring to sudden ruin or destruction; crush 使突然毁灭；破坏 4  bury or drown beneath a huge mass, submerge utterly (完全)覆盖；淹没

overwhelming /əʊvəˈwelmiŋ/ adj.  irresistible by force of numbers, influence, amount, etc. (数量、影响、总额等)势不可挡的；压倒性的 □ overwhelmingly  adv.  □ overwhelmingness  n.  

overwind v. & n. ●v. tr. /əʊvəˈwaind/ (past and past part. -wound)  wind (a mechanism, esp. a watch) beyond the proper stopping point 把(机械装置，尤指手表的)发条上得过紧 ●n. /ˈəʊvəwaind/  an instance of this 发条上得过紧

overwinter /əʊvəˈwintə/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in)  spend the winter 过冬 2 intr. (of insects, fungi, etc.) live through the winter (昆虫、真菌等)越冬 3 tr.  keep (animals, plants, etc.) alive through the winter 使(动物、植物等)活过冬天

overwork /əʊvəˈwɜ:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  work too hard 工作过度 2 tr.  cause (another person) to work too hard 使(他人)工作过度 3 tr.  weary or exhaust with too much work 使(因工作太多而)过分劳累 4 tr. (esp. as 尤作 adj.)  make excessive use of 过度使用 5 tr. (as 作 overworked adj.)  = OVERWROUGHT 2  ●n.  excessive work 过于繁重的工作

overwound past and past part.  of OVERWIND 

overwrite /əʊvəˈrait/ v. (past -wrote; past part. -written)  1 tr.  write on top of (other writing) 写在(其他文字)上面 2 tr. Computing  destroy (data) in (a file etc.) by entering new data 【计算】输入新数据覆盖(文件等) 3 intr. (esp. as 尤作 overwritten adj.)  write too elaborately or too ornately 用矫揉造作(或华丽)的文体写 4 intr. & refl.  write too much; exhaust oneself by writing 写得太多；写到筋疲力尽 5 tr.  write too much about 关于…写得太多 6 intr. (esp. as 尤作 overwriting n.)  in shipping insurance, accept more risk than the premium income limits allow (在船运保险中)超出保险额的

overwrought /əʊvəˈrɔ:t/ adj.  1  overexcited, nervous, distraught 过于激动的；过于紧张的；心烦意乱的 2  overdone; too elaborate 过度的；过于细腻的

overzealous /əʊvəˈzeləs/ adj.  too zealous in one's attitude, behaviour, etc.; excessively enthusiastic (态度、行为等)过分热心的；过分热情的

ovi-1 /ˈəʊvi/ comb. form  egg, ovum [构词成分]蛋；卵 [Latin ovum ‘egg’]

ovi-2 /ˈəʊvi/ comb. form  sheep [构词成分]羊 [Latin ovis ‘sheep’]

ovibovine /əʊviˈbəʊvain/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  having characteristics intermediate between those of a sheep and an ox 性质介于牛羊之间的 ●n.  such an animal, e.g. a musk-ox 介于牛羊之间的动物(如麝香牛)

oviduct /ˈəʊvidʌkt/ n.  the tube through which an ovum passes from the ovary 输卵管 □ oviducal  /-ˈdju:k(ə)l/ adj.  □ oviductal  /-ˈdʌkt(ə)l/ adj.  

oviform /ˈəʊvifɔ:m/ adj.  egg-shaped 卵形的

ovine /ˈəʊvain/ adj.  of or like sheep 绵羊的；似绵羊的 [Late Latin ovinus from Latin ovis ‘sheep’]

oviparous /əʊˈvip(ə)rəs/ adj. Zool.  producing young by means of eggs expelled from the body before they are hatched (cf. 参见 VIVIPAROUS) 【动】卵生的 □ oviparity  /-ˈpæriti/ n.  □ oviparously  adv.  

oviposit /əʊviˈpɒzit/ v. intr. (oviposited, ovipositing)  lay an egg or eggs, esp. with an ovipositor (尤指通过产卵器)排卵；产卵 □ oviposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.   [OVI-1 + Latin ponere posit- ‘to place’]

ovipositor /əʊviˈpɒzitə/ n.  a pointed tubular organ with which a female insect deposits her eggs 产卵器 [modern Latin, from OVI-1 + Latin positor from ponere posit- ‘to place’]

ovoid /ˈəʊvɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a solid or of a surface) egg-shaped 卵形的 2  oval, with one end more pointed than the other 梨形的(一端比另外一端尖) ●n.  an ovoid body or surface 卵形体(或面) [French ovoïde from modern Latin ovoides (as OVUM)]

ovolo /ˈəʊvələʊ/ n. (pl. ovoli /-li:/) Archit.  a rounded convex moulding 【建】圆凸线脚装饰 [Italian, diminutive of ovo ‘egg’, from Latin OVUM]

ovotestis /əʊvəʊˈtestis/ n. (pl. -testes /-ti:z/) Zool.  an organ producing both ova and spermatozoa 【动】卵精巢 [OVUM + TESTIS]

ovoviviparous /ˌəʊvəʊviˈvip(ə)rəs/ adj. Zool.  producing young by means of eggs hatched within the body (cf. 参见 OVIPAROUS, VIVIPAROUS) 【动】卵胎生的 □ ovoviviparity  /-ˈpæriti/ n.   [OVUM + VIVIPAROUS]

ovulate /ˈɒvjʊleit/ v. intr.  produce ova or ovules, or discharge them from the ovary 排卵；产卵 □ ovulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ovulatory  adj.   [modern Latin ovulum (as OVULE)]

ovule /ˈɒvju:l, ˈəʊ-/ n.  the part of the ovary of seed plants that contains the germ cell; an unfertilized seed (植物的)胚株；幼籽 □ ovular  adj.   [French from medieval Latin ovulum, diminutive of OVUM]

ovum /ˈəʊvəm/ n. (pl. ova /ˈəʊvə/)  1  a mature reproductive cell of female animals, produced by the ovary 卵子 2  the egg cell of plants (植物的)卵细胞 [Latin, = egg]

ow /aʊ/ int.  expressing sudden pain 哎唷(表示突然疼痛) [a natural exclamation]

owe /əʊ/ v. tr.  1  a  be under obligation (to a person etc.) to pay or repay (money etc.) (对某人等)负有(义务)；欠(钱等)  we owe you five pounds  我们欠你 5 英镑 owe more than I can pay  我还不清了b (absol. [含宾], usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  be in debt 负债  still owe for my car  我还欠着买车的钱 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  be under obligation to render (gratitude etc., a person honour, gratitude, etc.) 应给予(感激等)；(某人的名誉等)应归功于  owe grateful thanks to  向…表示感谢 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be indebted to a person or thing for 把…归功于  we owe to Newton the principle of gravitation  我们全靠牛顿才有万有引力定律 □ owe a person a grudge   cherish resentment against a person 对某人怀有仇恨；怨恨□ owe it to oneself  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  need (to do) something to protect one's own interests 认为自己需要做某事(以保护自己的利益) [Old English ɑˉgan, from Germanic]

Owen /ˈəuin/   欧文 [人名]

owing /ˈəʊiŋ/ predic. adj.  1  owed; yet to be paid 亏欠的；未付的  the balance owing  亏欠的差额 2 (foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  caused by; attributable to 由…导致的；可归于…的  the cancellation was owing to ill health  因身体不佳而取消b (as 作 prep.)  because of 由于  trains are delayed owing to bad weather  由于天气恶劣，火车晚点了■Usage 用法说明 The use of owing to as a preposition meaning ‘because of’ is entirely acceptable (see example above), unlike this use of due to. owing to 作介词意为“ because of (由于)”这种用法是完全可以接受的(见上例)，但 due to 能否这么用就有争议了。 

owl /aʊl/ n.  1  any nocturnal bird of prey of the order Strigiformes, with large eyes and a hooked beak, including barn owls, tawny owls, etc. 猫头鹰；鸮(鸮形目，包括仓鸮、灰林鸮等) 2 colloq.  a person compared to an owl, esp. in looking solemn or wise [口]神情严肃的人；聪明面孔笨肚肠的人 □ owlery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ owlish  adj.  □ owlishly  adv.  □ owlishness  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  □ owl-like  adj.   [Old English ūle, from Germanic]

owlet /ˈaʊlit/ n.  1  a young owl 小猫头鹰 2  a small owl esp. of the genus Glaucidium, Xenoglaux, or Athene (尤指鸺鹠属、小鸮属等的)小鸮

owl-light n.  dusk, twilight 黄昏

owl monkey n. (pl. -eys)  = DOUROUCOULI 

own /əʊn/ adj. & v. ●adj. (prec. by 前接 possessive)  1  a  belonging to oneself or itself; not another's 属于自己的；自己的  saw it with my own eyes  我亲眼所见b  individual, peculiar, particular 独特的；特有的  has its own charm  有其独特魅力 2  used to emphasize identity rather than possession 强调身份(而不是所有)  cooks his own meals  自己做饭 3 (absol. [含宾])  a  private property 私有财产  is it your own?  这是你的东西吗？b  kindred 家族；亲戚  among my own  在我的家族中 ●v.  1 tr.  have as property; possess 占有；拥有 2  a tr.  confess; admit as valid, true, etc. 供认；承认(有效，真实等)  own their faults  承认他们的过错 owns he did not know  承认他不知道b intr. (foll. by 常后跟 to)  confess to 承认；坦白  owned to a prejudice  承认是一种偏见 3 tr.  acknowledge paternity, authorship, or possession of 承认是…的父亲(或作者、所有人) □ come into one's own   1  receive one's due 合理取得自己应得的东西 2  achieve recognition 获得承认□ get one's own back  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  get revenge [口]报仇；报复；拿回属于自己的东西□ hold one's own   maintain one's position; not be defeated or lose strength 坚守住；不退让□ of one's own   belonging to oneself alone 属于自己的□ on one's own   1  alone 独自的 2  independently, without help 独立地；没有任何帮助地□ own up  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  confess frankly 坦白承认□ -owned  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English ɑˉgen, ɑˉgnian, past part. of agan OWE]

own brand n. Brit.  1  a make of goods manufactured specially for a retailer and bearing the retailer's name [英] (为零售商特别制作)带有零售商名字的商品 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : own-brand cosmetics  有自己商标的化妆品 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a kind particular to a person or group 特殊的人或团伙  own brand of gay activism  与众不同的同性恋激进主义

owner /ˈəʊnə/ n.  1  a person who owns something 拥有者，物主 2 slang  the captain of a ship [俚语]船长 □ ownerless  adj.  □ ownership  n.  

owner-occupier n. Brit.  a person who owns the house etc. he or she lives in [英]业主居住者(指居住的房屋产权属于自己的人) □ owner-occupied  adj.  

own goal n. Brit. [英]  1  a goal scored (usu. by mistake) against the scorer's own side 乌龙球 2 colloq.  an act or initiative that unintentionally harms one's own interests [口] (无意地)侵害自身利益的行为

owt /aʊt/ n. Brit. colloq. or dial.  anything [英口] [方]任何事物 [variant of AUGHT1]

ox /ɒks/ n. (pl. oxen /ˈɒks(ə)n/)  1  any bovine animal, esp. a large usu. horned domesticated ruminant used for draught, for supplying milk, and for eating as meat 牛 2  a castrated male of a domesticated species of cattle, Bos taurus (被阉割的)公牛 [Old English oxa, from Germanic]

ox- var.  of OXY- 2  OXY- 2 的变体

oxalic acid /ɒkˈsælik/ n. Chem.  a very poisonous and sour acid found in sorrel and rhubarb leaves Chem. formula 化学分子式 : (COOH)2. 【化】乙二酸 □ oxalate  /ˈɒksəleit/ n.   [French oxalique via Latin oxalis from Greek oxalis ‘wood sorrel’]

oxalis /ˈɒksəlis, ɒkˈsɑ:lis/ n.  any plant of the genus Oxalis, with trifoliate leaves and white, yellow, or pink flowers, e.g. wood sorrel 酢浆草属植物(如酢浆草) [Latin from Greek, from oxus ‘sour’]

oxbow /ˈɒksbəʊ/ n.  1  a U-shaped collar of an ox-yoke (U 形)牛轭颈套 2  a  a loop formed by a horseshoe bend in a river (U 形)河套b  a lake formed when the river cuts across the narrow end of the loop (河流在弯曲狭窄处形成的)牛轭湖

Oxbridge /ˈɒksbridʒ/ n. Brit. [英]  1 (also 亦作 attrib.)  Oxford and Cambridge universities regarded together, esp. in contrast to newer institutions 牛津大学与剑桥大学 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  the characteristics of these universities 牛津大学和剑桥大学的特点 [portmanteau word from Ox(ford) + (Cam)bridge]

oxen pl.  of OX  

oxer /ˈɒksə/ n.  1  an ox-fence 牛栏 2  a similar fence used in showjumping (马术障碍赛的)栏杆

ox-eye n.  any of various plants of the daisy family with conspicuously rayed flowers, e.g. (in full 全称 ox-eye daisy) Leucanthemum vulgare, which has large white flowers with yellow centres also called 亦称作 white ox-eye 牛眼菊属植物(雏菊科，伞形花序明显，如法兰西菊，开大白花，黄心) □ ox-eyed  adj.  

Oxf. abbr.  Oxford [缩略]牛津

Oxfam /ˈɒksfæm/ abbr.  Oxford Committee for Famine Relief [缩略]牛津饥荒救济委员会

ox-fence n.  a strong fence for keeping in cattle, consisting of railings, a hedge, and often a ditch (用以围住牛的)牛栏(通常由栏杆、树篱和沟渠组成)

Oxford bags /ˈɒksfəd/ n. Brit.  wide baggy trousers [英]牛津裤(宽大松垂) [Oxford in S. England]

Oxford blue /ˈɒksfəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dark blue, sometimes with a purple tinge 牛津蓝；深蓝色；深紫色 2  = BLUE1n. 3a  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 牛津蓝的；深蓝色的；深紫色的 [adopted by Oxford University in S. England]

Oxford Group /ˈɒksfəd/ n.  a Christian movement founded at Oxford in 1921, with discussion of personal problems by groups 牛津团契；道德重建运动 (1921 年发起于牛津，由团队讨论个人问题的基督教运动)

Oxford Movement /ˈɒksfəd/ n.  an Anglican High Church movement started in Oxford in 1833, advocating traditional forms of worship 牛津运动(始于 1833 年牛津的圣公会高教会派运动，提倡传统的礼拜形式)

oxherd /ˈɒkshɜ:d/ n.  a cowherd 牧牛人

oxhide /ˈɒkshaid/ n.  1  the hide of an ox 牛皮 2  leather made from this 用牛皮制的革

oxidant /ˈɒksid(ə)nt/ n.  an oxidizing agent 氧化剂 [French, participle of oxider (cf. OXIDE)]

oxidation /ɒksiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized 氧化过程；氧化 □ oxidational  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ oxidative  /ˈɒksideitiv/ adj.   [French, from oxider (cf. OXIDE)]

oxidation number n. (also 亦作 oxidation state) Chem. 【化】  1  a number indicating the number of electrons actually or notionally lost or gained by an atom of an element when chemically combined 氧化值(表示一元素的原子在化合时实际或理论上失去或获得的电子数) 2  the state represented by a value of this 氧化值

oxide /ˈɒksaid/ n.  a binary compound of oxygen (二元)氧化物 [French, from oxygène OXYGEN + -ide as in acide ACID]

oxidize /ˈɒksidaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. & tr.  combine or cause to combine with oxygen (使)氧化 2 tr. & intr.  cover (metal) or (of metal) become covered with a coating of oxide etc.; make or become rusty or tarnished 使(金属)覆盖氧化层；使(金属)氧化；使生锈(失去光泽) 3 intr. & tr. Chem.  undergo or cause to undergo a loss of electrons (opp. 反义 REDUCE 12b) 【化】(使)失去电子 □ oxidizable  adj.  □ oxidization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ oxidized  adj.  □ oxidizer  n.  

oxidizing agent n. Chem.  a substance that brings about oxidation by being reduced and gaining electrons 【化】氧化剂

oxlip /ˈɒkslip/ n.  1  a woodland primula, Primula elatior 高报春 2 (in general use) a natural hybrid between a primrose and a cowslip (通常由报春花和药用樱草自然杂交而成的)类高报春植物；牛唇花

Oxon /ˈɒks(ə)n, -sɒn/ abbr. [缩略]  1  Oxfordshire 牛津郡 2  of Oxford University (esp. in degree titles) (尤指学位)牛津的 [abbreviation of medieval Latin Oxoniensis from Oxonia: see OXONIAN]

Oxonian /ɒkˈsəʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Oxford or Oxford University (有关)牛津的；(有关)牛津大学的 ●n.  1  a member of Oxford University 牛津大学学生 2  a native or inhabitant of Oxford 牛津人；牛津居民 [Oxonia, Latinized name of Ox(en)ford]

ox-pecker n.  any African bird of the genus Buphagus, feeding on skin parasites living on animals (非洲)牛椋鸟(牛椋鸟属，以食动物皮肤上的寄生虫为生)

oxtail /ˈɒksteil/ n.  the tail of an ox, esp. as an ingredient in soup (尤指做汤用的)牛尾

oxter /ˈɒkstə/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  the armpit [苏格兰和英格兰北部]腋(窝) [Old English ōhsta, ōxta]

ox-tongue /ˈɒkstʌŋ/ n.  1  the tongue of an ox, esp. cooked as food (尤指作食物的)牛舌 2  any plant of the genus Picris (daisy family), with bright yellow flowers (雏菊科)毛连菜(开艳丽的黄花)

oxy-1 /ˈɒksi/ comb. form  denoting sharpness (oxytone 尾重音词) [构词成分]表示“尖锐” [Greek oxu- from oxus ‘sharp’]

oxy-2 /ˈɒksi/ comb. form (also 亦作 ox- /ɒks/) Chem.  oxygen (oxyacetylene 氧乙炔) [构词成分]【化】氧 [abbreviation]

oxyacetylene /ɒksiəˈsetili:n/ adj.  of or using oxygen and acetylene, esp. in cutting or welding metals (尤指在切焊金属中) (使用)氧乙炔的  oxyacetylene burner  氧乙炔炉

oxyacid /ˈɒksiˌæsid/ n. Chem.  an acid containing oxygen 【化】含氧酸

oxygen /ˈɒksidʒ(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a colourless tasteless odourless gaseous element, occurring naturally in air, water, and most minerals and organic substances, and essential to plant and animal life (symbol 符 O) 【化】(化学元素)氧 □ oxygenous  /ɒkˈsidʒinəs/ adj.   [French oxygène ‘acidifying principle’ (as OXY-1): it was at first held to be the essential principle in the formation of acids]

oxygenate /ˈɒksidʒəneit, ɒkˈsidʒ-/ v. tr.  supply or treat with oxygen, esp. charge or enrich (blood, water, etc.) with oxygen 供给氧；充氧(尤指给血、水等充氧或加氧) □ oxygenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French oxygéner (as OXYGEN)]

oxygenator /ˈɒksidʒəneitə/ n.  1  an apparatus for oxygenating the blood 充氧器 2  an aquatic plant which enriches the surrounding water with oxygen 使周围的水氧饱和的水生植物

oxygenize /ˈɒksidʒənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  = OXYGENATE 

oxygen mask n.  a mask placed over the nose and mouth to supply oxygen from an attached cylinder for breathing 氧气面罩

oxygen tent n.  a tentlike enclosure supplying a patient with air rich in oxygen (给病人输氧用的)氧幕；氧气帐

oxyhaemoglobin /ˌɒksihi:məˈɡləʊbin/ n. Biochem.  a bright red complex formed when haemoglobin combines with oxygen 【生化】氧合血红蛋白

oxymoron /ɒksiˈmɔ:rɒn/ n. Rhet.  a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g. 如 faith unfaithful kept him falsely true 不忠实的忠实使他保持了虚假的真实) 【修】矛盾形容法；逆喻 [Greek oxumōron, neut. of oxumōros ‘pointedly foolish’, from oxus ‘sharp’ + mōros ‘foolish’]

oxytetracycline /ˌɒksitetrəˈsaikli:n/ n.  an antibiotic related to tetracycline 土霉素；氧四环素

oxytocin /ɒksiˈtəʊsin/ n.  1  a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the womb during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts 催产素(垂体释放的激素，可使生产时子宫收缩加大，并使奶汁流向乳腺管) 2  a synthetic form of this used to induce labour etc. (用于催生等的)合成催产剂 [oxytocic ‘accelerating parturition’ from Greek oxutokia ‘sudden delivery’ (as OXY-1, tokos ‘childbirth’)]

oxytone /ˈɒksitəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. in ancient Greek) having an acute accent on the last syllable (尤指古希腊)尾重音的 ●n.  a word of this kind 尾重音词 [Greek oxutonos (as OXY-1, tonos ‘tone’)]

oyer and terminer /ˌɔiə(r) (ə)n(d) ˈtɜ:minə/ n. hist.  a commission issued to judges on a circuit to hold courts [史义]听审裁判委任令(指示巡回法庭法官开庭的命令) [Middle English from Anglo-French oyer et terminer, from Latin audire ‘hear’ + et ‘and’ + terminare ‘determine’]

oyez /əʊˈjes, -ˈjez, -ˈjei/ int. (also 亦作 oyes)  uttered, usu. three times, by a public crier or a court officer to command silence and attention 肃静(公共传呼员或法庭官员需要公众保持安静的喊声，通常连喊 3 次) [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French oiez, oyez, imperative pl. of oïr ‘hear’, from Latin audire ‘hear’]

oyster /ˈɔistə/ n.  1  any of various bivalve molluscs of the families Ostreidae and Aviculidae, esp. an edible kind, Ostrea edulis, of European waters 牡蛎(牡蛎科或燕蛤科双壳类软体动物，尤指欧洲水域的食用牡蛎) 2  an oyster-shaped morsel of meat in a fowl's back 蚝状鸡背肉(家禽背部牡蛎状的一小片肉) 3  something regarded as containing all that one desires 可从中获得利益的事情  the world is my oyster  我可以随心所欲了 4  = OYSTER WHITE  [Middle English & Old French oistre via Latin ostrea, ostreum from Greek ostreon]

oyster bed n.  a part of the sea bottom where oysters breed or are bred 牡蛎繁殖地；牡蛎养殖场

oystercatcher /ˈɔistəkætʃə/ n.  any usu. coastal wading bird of the genus Haematopus, with a strong orange-coloured bill, feeding on shellfish 蛎鹬(蛎鹬属海滩涉禽，桔色硬嘴，以贝类为生)

oyster-farm n.  an area of the seabed used for breeding oysters 牡蛎养殖场

oyster mushroom n.  an edible fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, which grows on trees 蚝蘑(一种可食用的菌，生长在树上)

oyster-plant n.  1  = SALSIFY  2  a blue-flowered plant, Mertensia maritima, growing on beaches 婆罗门参；紫万年青(生长在海滩，开蓝色花朵)

oyster white n. & adj. ●n.  a greyish-white colour 牡蛎白；灰白色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 牡蛎白的；灰白色的

Oz /ɒz/ adj. & n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语] ●adj.  Australian 澳大利亚的 ●n.  1  Australia 澳大利亚 2  an Australian 澳大利亚人 [abbreviation of the pronunciation]

oz abbr. [缩略]  ounce(s)  [Italian from onza ‘ounce’]

ozocerite /əʊˈzəʊkərait, -sərait, əʊzə(ʊ)ˈsiərait/ n. (also 亦作 ozokerite /-k-/)  a waxlike fossil paraffin used for candles, insulation, etc. (用作蜡烛、隔音材料等的)地蜡；石蜡 [German Ozokerit, from Greek ozō ‘smell’ + kēros ‘wax’]

ozone /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n.  1 Chem.  a colourless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odour and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from normal oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light Chem. formula 化学分子式 : O3 【化】臭氧 2 colloq.  invigorating air at the seaside etc. [口] (海边等地的)清新空气 □ ozonic  /əʊˈzɒnik/ adj.  □ ozonize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ ozonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ozonizer  n.   [German Ozon from Greek, neut. pres. part. of ozō ‘smell’]

ozone-friendly adj. (of manufactured articles) containing chemicals that are not destructive to the ozone layer (产品)含不毁坏臭氧层的化学物质的

ozone hole n.  a region of marked thinning of the ozone layer, esp. above each pole (尤指在两极区域上空的)臭氧层空洞

ozone layer n.  a layer in the stratosphere containing a high concentration of ozone that absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation 臭氧层

Ozzie var.  of AUSSIE  AUSSIE 的变体

P1 /pi:/ n. (also 亦作 p) (pl. Ps or P's)  the sixteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 16 个字母

P2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 P.)  1 (on road signs) parking (路标上的示意)停车场 2 Chess  pawn 【棋类】兵，卒 3  proprietary 专利药品

P3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element phosphorus 【化】(化学元素)磷 2 Physics  poise (unit) 【物理学】泊(流体动力黏度单位)

p abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 p.)  1 Brit.  penny, pence [英]便士 2  page 页 3  pico- 皮(可)，微微，万亿分之一 (= 10-12) ，微小 4 Mus.  piano (softly) 【音】(轻声)演奏钢琴

PA abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  personal assistant [英]私人助理 2  public address (esp. 尤指 PA system PA 系统) 有线广播系统，扩音系统 3  Press Association (英国)报纸联合社 4 US  Pennsylvania (in official postal use) [美]宾夕法尼亚州(正式邮政用语)

Pa symb. Chem.  the element protactinium [符]【化】(化学元素)镤

p.a. abbr.  per annum [缩略]每年

pa /pɑ:/ n. colloq.  father [口]爸爸 [abbreviation of PAPA]

pabulum /ˈpæbjʊləm/ n.  1  food, esp. for the mind 食物，养料(尤指精神食粮) 2  bland or insipid intellectual fare, entertainment, etc.; pap 平淡无奇的精神食粮(或娱乐等)；无实际价值的作品(或读物) [Latin, from pascere ‘feed’]

PABX abbr. Brit.  private automatic branch exchange [缩略] [英]专用自动小交换机

paca /ˈpækə/ n.  a tailless rodent of the genus Agouti, of S. and Central America, esp. A. paca, hunted for food (产自中美、南美的)天竺鼠，(尤指猎作食物的)无尾刺豚鼠 [Spanish & Portuguese, from Tupi]

pace1 /peis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a single step in walking or running (行走或跑的)一步b  the distance covered in this (about 75 cm or 30 in.) 一步的距离(大约 75 厘米或 30 英寸)c  the distance between two successive stationary positions of the same foot in walking 步幅 2  speed in walking or running 步速 3 Theatr. & Mus.  speed or tempo in theatrical or musical performance 【戏剧】【音】(戏剧或音乐表演中的)速度，节奏  played with great pace  快速演奏 4  a  the rate at which something progresses 事情进展(或发展)的速度  the pace of technological change  技术改造的速度b  the speed at which life is led 生活的节奏  the pace of city life  城市生活的节奏 5  a  a manner of walking or running (走或跑的)步态b  any of various gaits, esp. of a trained horse etc. (尤指受过训练的马等的)步法  rode at an ambling pace  溜蹄 ●v.  1 intr.  a  walk (esp. repeatedly or methodically) with a slow or regular pace (尤指反复或有条不紊地)踱步，踱方步  pacing up and down  踱来踱去b (of a horse) = AMBLE (马) 2 tr.  traverse by pacing 步越 3 tr.  set the pace for (a rider, runner, etc.) 为(骑马者或赛跑者等)定步速(或速度) 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  measure (a distance) by pacing 步测(一段距离) □ keep pace  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  advance at an equal rate (as) (与…)齐步前进□ put a person through his (or her) paces   test a person's qualities in action etc. (在行动等中)测试一个人的品质□ set the pace   determine the speed, esp. by leading 定速度(尤指起带头作用)□ stand (or stay) the pace   be able to keep up with others 能跟上他人，能和他人保持一致□ -paced  adj.  □ pacer  n.   [Middle English via Old French pas from Latin passus, from pandere pass- ‘stretch’]

pace2 /ˈpɑ:tʃei, ˈpeisi/ prep. (in stating a contrary opinion) with due deference to (the person named) (陈述相反的观点时)请(被指名的人)原谅 [Latin, ablative of pax ‘peace’]■Usage 用法说明 Pace means ‘despite (someone's) opinion’, e.g. I was not (pace Mr Smith) defending the legalization of drugs. It does not mean ‘according to (someone)’ or ‘notwithstanding (something)’. pace 表示“不管(某人的)意见”，例如 I was not (pace Mr Smith) defending the legalization of drugs (请原谅与史密斯先生看法不同) (我不为毒品的合法化辩护)。此处不表示“根据(某人的看法)”或“尽管(某事)”。 

pace bowler n. Cricket  a fast bowler 【板球】快速投球手

pacemaker /ˈpeismeikə/ n.  1  a competitor who sets the pace in a race (赛跑中)定步速的比赛者 2  a natural or artificial device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions 心脏起搏器 □ pacemaking  n. & adj.  

paceman /ˈpeismæn/ n. (pl. -men)  = PACE BOWLER 

pace-setter n.  1  a leader 带头人，标兵 2  = PACEMAKER 1  □ pace-setting  adj. & n.  

pacey var.  of PACY  PACY 的变体

pacha var.  of PASHA  PASHA 的变体

pachinko /pəˈtʃiŋkəʊ/ n.  a Japanese form of pinball 日式弹球盘 [Japanese]

pachisi /pəˈtʃi:zi/ n.  a four-handed Indian board game with six cowries used like dice 25 点游戏(一种 4 人玩、以 6 个玛螯贝壳为骰子的印度棋盘游戏) [Hindi, = of 25 (the highest throw)]

pachyderm /ˈpækidɜ:m/ n.  any thick-skinned mammal, esp. an elephant or rhinoceros 厚皮哺乳动物(尤指大象或犀牛) □ pachydermatous  /-ˈdɜ:mətəs/ adj.   [French pachyderme from Greek pakhudermos, from pakhus ‘thick’ + derma -matos ‘skin’]

pachytene /ˈpækiti:n/ n. Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis when the chromosomes thicken and may exchange genes by crossing over 【生】粗线期(细胞减数分裂前期阶段) [Greek pakhus ‘thick’ + tainia ‘band’]

pacific /pəˈsifik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  characterized by or tending to peace; tranquil 求和的，平息的 2 (作 Pacific)  of or adjoining the Pacific 太平洋的；靠近太平洋的 ●n. (作 the Pacific)  = PACIFIC OCEAN  □ pacifically  adv.   [French pacifique or Latin pacificus, from pax pacis ‘peace’]

pacification /ˌpæsifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of pacifying or the process of being pacified 平息；安抚；安抚手段 □ pacificatory  /pəsifiˈkeit(ə)ri, pəˈsifikət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French from Latin pacificatio -onis (as PACIFY)]

Pacific Ocean n.  the largest of the world's oceans, lying between America to the east and Asia and Australasia to the west 太平洋(世界上最大的洋，位于美洲之东，亚洲和大洋洲之西)

Pacific Rim n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the countries and regions bordering the Pacific Ocean, esp. the small nations of eastern Asia 太平洋沿岸国家和地区(尤指东亚小国)

Pacific Standard Time n. (also 亦作 Pacific Time)  the standard time in a zone including the Pacific coastal region of Canada and the US, eight hours behind GMT 太平洋标准时间(比格林尼治标准时间迟 8 小时，美国和加拿大太平洋沿岸地区采用的标准时间)

pacifier /ˈpæsifaiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that pacifies 平息者；安抚人；镇静物，镇静剂 2 N. Amer.  a baby's dummy [北美] (婴儿的)橡皮奶头；安抚奶嘴

pacifism /ˈpæsifiz(ə)m/ n.  the belief that war and violence are morally unjustified and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means 和平主义；反战主义 □ pacifist  n. & adj.   [French pacifisme from pacifier PACIFY]

pacify /ˈpæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  appease (a person, anger, etc.) 使(某人、愤怒等)平息 2  bring (a country etc.) to a state of peace 使(某个国家等)实现和平 [Middle English from Old French pacifier or Latin pacificare (as PACIFIC)]

pack1 /pæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a collection of things wrapped up or tied together for carrying 包，包裹b  = BACKPACK  2  a set of items packaged for use or disposal together 一组(或一堆)包装的物品 3 usu. derog.  a lot or set (of similar things or persons) [通常贬] (相似的物或人)一伙，一帮，一堆  a pack of lies  一派谎言 a pack of thieves  一帮窃贼 4 Brit.  a set of playing cards [英] (纸牌的)一副 5  a  a group of hounds esp. for foxhunting (尤指捕猎狐狸时的猎犬的)一群b  a group of wild animals, esp. wolves, hunting together (追猎的野兽的)一群(尤指狼群) 6  an organized group of Cub Scouts or Brownies (童子军的)一队 7  a Rugby  a team's forwards 【英式橄榄球】(球队的)前锋b Sport  the main body of competitors following the leader or leaders esp. in a race 【运动】(尤指赛跑中跑在领先者之后的)一群选手 8  a  a medicinal or cosmetic substance applied to the skin = FACE PACK (敷于皮肤上的)医药(或化妆)品；b  a hot or cold pad of absorbent material for treating a wound etc. (治疗伤口等的)棉塞，冰袋 9 (also 亦作 ice pack)  an area of pack ice 浮冰群，大片浮冰 10  a quantity of fish, fruit, etc., packed in a season etc. 大量应季的鱼(或水果等) 11 Med. 【医】  a  the wrapping of a body or part of a body in a wet sheet etc. 湿布包扎法b  a sheet etc. used for this (湿布包扎法的)湿布，湿布条 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  fill (a suitcase, bag, etc.) with clothes and other items (用布或其他东西)填塞(箱子、袋子等)b  put (things) together in a bag or suitcase, esp. for travelling (尤指旅行前)把(东西)装进袋子(或箱子) 2 intr. & tr.  come or put closely together; crowd or cram 压紧；挤满，塞满  packed a lot into a few hours  几小时内讲的内容太多 passengers packed like sardines  乘客挤得像沙丁鱼罐头一样 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be filled (with); contain extensively 用…包(或垫、塞)；大量含有  the restaurant was packed  餐馆满座 the book is packed with information  书里含有大量信息 4 tr.  fill (a hall, theatre, etc.) with an audience etc. 使(大厅、剧院等)挤满了观众(或人群等) 5 tr.  cover (a thing) with something pressed tightly round 把(某物)打包 6 intr.  be suitable for packing 适于打包 7 tr. colloq. [口]  a  carry (a gun etc.) 携带(枪等)b  be capable of delivering (a punch) with skill or force 能发出(重击) 8 intr. (of animals or rugby forwards) form a pack (动物或橄榄球前锋)集聚；对阵争球 □ pack in  colloq.  stop, give up [口]停止，放弃  packed in his job  辞掉他的工作□ pack it in (or up)  colloq.  end or stop it [口]结束；停止□ pack off  colloq.  send (a person) away, esp. abruptly or promptly [口] (尤指突然或匆忙)把(某人)送走□ pack up  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (esp. of a machine) stop functioning; break down (尤指机器)停止运行，失灵 2  retire from an activity, contest, etc. 停止(退出活动、比赛等)□ send packing  colloq.  dismiss (a person) summarily [口]立即解雇(某人)□ packable  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pak, pakken, of unknown origin]

pack2 /pæk/ v. tr.  select (a jury etc.) or fill (a meeting) so as to secure a decision in one's favour 挑选(陪审团等)；(为对自己有利)安插(会议)人选 [probably via an obsolete verb pact from PACT]

package /ˈpækidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a bundle of things packed 一包；一捆b  a parcel, box, etc., in which things are packed 包装袋(或盒等) 2 (in full 全称 package deal)  a set of proposals or items offered or agreed to as a whole 一揽子建议(或交易) 3 Computing  a piece of software suitable for various applications rather than one which is custom-built 【计算】程序包，软件包 4 colloq. [口]  = PACKAGE HOLIDAY  ●v. tr.  1  make up into or enclose in a package 把…打包 2  present (a product, person, or message) so as to appeal to the public 给(产品、人或信息)加漂亮包装以吸引公众 □ packager  n.   [PACK1 + -AGE]

package holiday n. (also 亦作 package tour etc.)  a holiday or tour etc. with all arrangements made at an inclusive price (由旅行社安排一切的)全包旅游，一揽子旅游

packaging /ˈpækidʒiŋ/ n.  1  a wrapping or container for goods 包装；包装容器 2  the process of packing goods 包装法

pack animal n.  an animal for carrying packs 驮畜

pack drill n.  a military punishment of marching up and down carrying full equipment 驮物操练(一种军事处罚) □ no names, no pack drill   discretion will prevent punishment 谨慎免罚

packed lunch n.  a lunch carried in a bag, box, etc., esp. to work, school, etc. (尤指用包和盒子等携带往工作、学校等地的)午餐

packed out adj. Brit. colloq.  full, crowded [英口]满的，拥挤的

packer /ˈpækə/ n.  a person or thing that packs, esp. a dealer who prepares and packs food for transportation and sale 包装工；打包机；(尤指)包装食品批发商

packet /ˈpækit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small package 小包，小捆 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  a large sum of money won, lost, or spent [尤英口]赢得(遗失或花费)的一大笔钱 3 (in full 全称 packet-boat) hist.  a mailboat or passenger ship [史义]定期邮轮；班轮 ●v. tr.  make up into or wrap up in a packet 把…打包 [PACK1 + -ET1]

packet switching n.  a method of data transmission in which parts of a message are sent independently by the optimum route for each part and then reassembled 包交换(一种数据传输方法)

packhorse /ˈpækhɔ:s/ n.  a horse for carrying loads 驮马

pack ice n.  an area of large crowded pieces of floating ice in the sea (海洋中的)浮冰群

packing /ˈpækiŋ/ n.  1  the act or process of packing 包装；包装法 2  material used to fill up a space around or in something, esp. to protect a fragile article in transit 包装材料(尤用来保护运输过程中的易碎物品) 3  material used to seal a join or assist in lubricating an axle 密封物，密封环

packing case n.  a case (usu. wooden) or framework for packing goods in (通常为木制的)装货箱；装货架

pack rat n.  1  a N. American wood rat, esp. Neotoma cinerea, with a long bushy tail (北美)林鼠(尤指狐尾林鼠) 2  a person who hoards things 喜欢囤积东西的人

packsaddle /ˈpæksæd(ə)l/ n.  a horse's saddle adapted for supporting packs 驮鞍

packthread /ˈpækθred/ n.  stout thread for sewing or tying up packs 结实的缝线；打包绳

pact /pækt/ n.  an agreement or a treaty 协议，条约 [Middle English via Old French pact(e) from Latin pactum, neut. past part. of pacisci ‘agree’]

pacy /ˈpeisi/ adj. (also 亦作 pacey) (pacier, paciest)  fast-moving 快速移动的

pad1 /pæd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of soft material used to reduce friction or jarring, fill out hollows, hold or absorb liquid, etc. 衬垫；填料；缓冲物 2  a number of sheets of blank paper fastened together at one edge, for writing or drawing on 拍纸簿 3  = INK-PAD  4  the fleshy underpart of an animal's foot or of a human finger (动物的)爪垫；(人的)指肚 5  a guard for the leg and ankle in sports (运动员用的)护膝；护腕；护垫 6  a flat surface for helicopter take-off or rocket-launching (直升飞机的)起落坪；(火箭的)发射台 7 colloq.  a lodging, esp. a bedsitter or flat [口]住处；(尤指)房间，公寓 8  the floating leaf of a water lily (睡莲的)浮叶，叶枕 ●v. tr. (padded, padding)  1  provide with a pad or padding; stuff 填塞，装填；提供衬垫 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  lengthen or fill out (a book etc.) with unnecessary material (用不必要的内容)拉长，扩充(书等的内容) [probably of Low German or Dutch origin]

pad2 /pæd/ v. & n. ●v. (padded, padding)  1 intr.  walk with a soft dull steady step 放轻脚步走 2  a tr.  tramp along (a road etc.) on foot 沿着(路等)步行b intr.  travel on foot 徒步旅游 ●n.  the sound of soft steady steps 轻而稳的脚步声 [Low German padden ‘tread’, pad PATH]

padded cell n.  a room with padded walls in a psychiatric hospital (精神病医院的)软壁病室

padding /ˈpædiŋ/ n.  soft material used to pad or stuff with 软性填料，充填物

paddle1 /ˈpæd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short broad-bladed oar used without a rowlock (不用桨架的)短桨 2  a paddle-shaped instrument 桨状器具 3 Zool.  a fin or flipper 【动】鳍状物；宽鳍 4  each of the boards fitted round the circumference of a paddle wheel or mill-wheel (桨轮或水车轮的)轮叶 5  the action or a spell of paddling 涉水；玩水 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  move on water or propel a boat by means of paddles 趟水；用桨划船 2 intr. & tr.  row gently 轻轻划动 3 tr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  spank [尤北美口]拍击，拍打 □ paddler  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

paddle2 /ˈpæd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 Brit.  walk, esp. barefoot, in shallow water [英] (尤指赤脚在浅水中)涉水，趟水 2  dabble the feet or hands in shallow water (在浅水中用手或脚)玩水，嬉水 ●n.  the action or a spell of paddling 涉水；趟水；玩水 □ paddler  n.   [probably of Low German or Dutch origin: cf. Low German paddeln ‘tramp about’]

paddle boat n. (also 亦作 paddle steamer etc.)  a boat, steamer, etc., propelled by a paddle wheel 明轮船

paddle wheel n.  a wheel for propelling a ship, with boards round the circumference so as to press backwards against the water 明轮；桨轮

paddock /ˈpædək/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small field, esp. for keeping horses in (尤指养马的)小围场 2  a turf enclosure adjoining a racecourse where horses or cars are assembled before a race (赛马车)场地 3 Austral. & NZ  a field; a plot of land [澳新]一片土地，一块土地 ●v. tr.  keep or enclose in a paddock 把…关入围场 [apparently variant of (now dialect) parrock from Old English pearruc: see PARK]

Paddy /ˈpædi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. often offens.  an Irishman [口] [常冒犯]爱尔兰人 [pet form of the Irish name Padraig (= Patrick)]

paddy1 /ˈpædi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in full 全称 paddy field)  a field where rice is grown 稻田 2  rice before threshing or in the husk 稻谷，稻 [Malay pɑˉdī]

paddy2 /ˈpædi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a rage; a fit of temper [英口]狂怒；发脾气 [PADDY]

paddy wagon n. N. Amer. slang  a police van [北美] [俚语]警车；囚车 [Paddy]

pademelon /ˈpædimelən/ n.  any small wallaby of the genus Thylogale, inhabiting the coastal scrub of Australia (居住在澳大利亚海边灌木丛的)丛林袋鼠 [earlier paddymelon, probably alteration of Dharuk badimaliyan]

padlock /ˈpædlɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  a detachable lock hanging by a pivoted hook on the object fastened 挂锁，扣锁 ●v. tr.  secure with a padlock 用挂锁把…锁上 [Middle English from LOCK1: first element unexplained]

padouk /pæˈdaʊk, pəˈdu:k/ n.  1  any leguminous timber tree of the genus Pterocarpus, of Africa and Asia (产于非洲和亚洲的)紫檀 2  the wood of this tree, resembling rosewood 紫檀木 [Burmese]

padre /ˈpɑ:dri, -drei/ n.  a chaplain in any of the armed services 随军牧师 [Italian, Spanish & Portuguese, = father, priest, from Latin pater patris ‘father’]

padsaw /ˈpædsɔ:/ n.  a saw with a narrow blade, for cutting curves 弓锯；嵌锯

paean /ˈpi:ən/ n.  a song of praise or triumph 凯歌，赞歌 [Latin from Doric Greek paian ‘hymn of thanksgiving to Apollo’ (invoked by the name Paian, originally the Homeric name for the physician of the gods)]

paederast var.  of PEDERAST  PEDERAST 的变体

paederasty var.  of PEDERASTY  PEDERASTY 的变体

paediatrics /pi:diˈætriks/ n. pl. (US [美] pediatrics) (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases 儿科学 □ paediatric  adj.  □ paediatrician  /-əˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n.   [PAEDO- + Greek iatros ‘physician’]

paedo- /ˈpi:dəʊ/ comb. form (US [美] pedo-)  child [构词成分]儿童 [Greek pais paid- ‘child’]

paedomorphosis /pi:də(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fəsis, -mɔ:ˈfəʊsis/ n. Biol. 【生】  = NEOTENY 1  [PAEDO- + -morphosis (cf. METAMORPHOSIS)]

paedophile /ˈpi:də(ʊ)fail/ n. (US [美] pedophile)  a person who displays paedophilia 恋童癖患者

paedophilia /pi:də(ʊ)ˈfiliə/ n. (US [美] pedophilia)  sexual desire directed towards children 恋童癖

paella /paiˈelə, pɑ:-/ n.  a Spanish dish of rice, saffron, chicken, seafood, etc., cooked and served in a large shallow pan 平锅肉菜饭(一种用番红花、大米、鸡肉、海味等在一个大平锅里烹调而成的西班牙菜) [Catalan, via Old French paele from Latin patella ‘pan’]

paeon /ˈpi:ən/ n.  a metrical foot of one long syllable and three short syllables in any order (由 1 个长音节和 3 个短音节构成的)四音节音步 □ paeonic  /pi:ˈɒnik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek paiōn, the Attic form of paian PAEAN]

paeony var.  of PEONY  PEONY 的变体

pagan /ˈpeiɡ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person not subscribing to any of the main religions of the world, esp. formerly regarded by Christians as unenlightened or heathen (尤指公元前的)异教徒 ●adj.  1  a  of or relating to or associated with pagans 异教徒的；与异教徒有关的b  irreligious 无宗教信仰的 2  identifying divinity or spirituality in nature; pantheistic 泛神论的 □ paganish  adj.  □ paganism  n.  □ paganize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English from Latin paganus ‘villager, rustic’, from pagus ‘country district’: in Christian Latin = ‘civilian, heathen’]

page1 /peidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a leaf of a book, periodical, etc. (书、杂志等的)一页b  each side of this (页的)面，张c  what is written or printed on this (书写或印刷的)版面 2 Computing  a section of the stored data, esp. that can be displayed on a screen at one time 【计算】一组存储数据(尤指一次能在荧屏上显示的数据) 3  a  an episode that might fill a page in written history etc.; a record 历史记载；记录b  a memorable event 值得纪念的事件 ●v.  1 tr.  paginate 给…标页码，标上…的页码 2 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 through)  leaf through (a book etc.) 翻阅(一本书等)b (foll. by 后跟 through, up, down) Computing  display (text etc.) one page at a time 【计算】逐页显示(文本等) [French from Latin pagina, from pangere ‘fasten’]

page2 /peidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a boy or man, usu. in livery, employed to run errands, attend to a door, etc. (在门前等处穿制服的)小听差，男侍从 2  a boy employed as a personal attendant of a person of rank, a bride, etc. (有身份人的)贴身小侍从；(新娘的)小男傧相 3 hist.  a boy in training for knighthood and attached to a knight's service [史义]见习小骑士；骑士小听差 ●v. tr.  1 (in hotels, airports, etc.) summon by making an announcement or by sending a messenger (在旅馆、机场等处)播叫寻找；差人寻找 2  summon by means of a pager 用 BP 机寻找 [Middle English from Old French, perhaps via Italian paggio from Greek paidion, diminutive of pais paidos ‘boy’]

pageant /ˈpædʒ(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a brilliant spectacle, esp. an elaborate parade 盛大华丽的场面(尤指盛大的游行)b  a spectacular procession, or play performed in the open, illustrating historical events 壮丽的行列；(露天演出的)历史剧c  a tableau etc. on a fixed stage or moving vehicle (在固定舞台或活动车辆上的)艺术性构图 2  an empty or specious show 虚饰；炫耀 [Middle English pagyn, of unknown origin]

pageantry /ˈpædʒ(ə)ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  elaborate or sumptuous show or display 壮丽的展示 2  an instance of this 游行行列

page-boy n.  1  = PAGE2n. 2  2  a woman's hairstyle with the hair reaching to the shoulder and rolled under at the ends (女子)发梢向内卷曲齐肩的发型

pager /ˈpeidʒə/ n.  a radio device with a bleeper, activated from a central point to alert the person wearing it 便携式电子播叫器， BP 机，寻呼机

paginal /ˈpædʒin(ə)l/ adj.  1  of pages (of books etc.) (书等)页的 2  corresponding page for page 逐页的 □ paginary  adj.   [Late Latin paginalis (as PAGE1)]

paginate /ˈpædʒineit/ v. tr.  assign numbers to the pages of a book etc. 给…标注页码，给…编页码 □ pagination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French paginer from Latin pagina PAGE1]

pagoda /pəˈɡəʊdə/ n.  1  a Hindu or Buddhist temple or sacred building, esp. a many-tiered tower, in India and the Far East (印度教或佛教的)塔式庙宇；宝塔(尤指印度和远东的多层宝塔) 2  an ornamental imitation of this 仿宝塔形的装饰物 [Portuguese pagode, probably ultimately from Persian butkada ‘idol temple’]

pagoda tree n.  a Chinese leguminous tree, Sophora japonica, with hanging clusters of cream flowers 国槐

pah /pɑ:/ int.  expressing disgust or contempt 哼，呸(表示蔑视或憎恶) [natural utterance]

Pahlavi /ˈpɑ:ləvi/ n. (also 亦作 Pehlevi /ˈpeiləvi/)  1  an Aramaic-based writing system used in Persia from the 2nd c. BC to the advent of Islam in the 7th c. AD (公元前 2 世纪至公元 7 世纪波斯国，即现伊朗使用的)巴拉维语，钵罗钵语 2  the form of the Middle Persian language written in this 巴拉维语文字，钵罗钵语文字 [Persian pahlawī, via pahlav from parthava ‘Parthia’]

pahoehoe /pəˈhəʊihəʊi/ n. Geol.  lava forming smooth undulating or ropy masses (cf. 参见 AA) 【地质】绳状熔岩 [Hawaiian]

paid past and past part.  of PAY1 

paid holidays n. pl.  an agreed holiday period for which wages are paid as normal (照常领取工资的)带薪假期

paid-up member n.  1 (esp. of a trade-union member) a person who has paid the subscriptions in full (尤指工会成员)已缴清会费的会员 2 colloq.  a fully committed supporter of a cause, organization, etc. [口] (某事业、机构等的)铁杆支持者

pail /peil/ n.  1  a bucket 桶，提桶 2  an amount contained in this 一桶的量 □ pailful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English pœgel ‘gill’ (cf. Middle Dutch pegel ‘gauge’), associated with Old French paelle: see PAELLA]

paillasse var.  of PALLIASSE  PALLIASSE 的变体

paillette /pælˈjet, paiˈjet/ n.  1  a piece of bright metal used in enamel painting (搪瓷彩绘中用的)一片发光金属 2  a spangle 闪光饰片 [French, diminutive of paille, from Latin palea ‘straw, chaff’]

pain /pein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a strongly unpleasant bodily sensation such as is produced by illness, injury, or other harmful physical contact etc.; the condition of hurting (因疾病、事故等引起的肉体上的)疼痛b  a particular kind or instance of this (具体部位的)疼痛 often in pl. 常用复数 : suffering from stomach pains  胃痛 2  mental suffering or distress (精神上的)痛苦，悲痛 3 (in pl. 用复数)  careful effort; trouble taken 努力；操心  take pains  费苦心 got nothing for my pains  我白费力气什么都没得到 4 (also 亦作 pain in the neck etc.) colloq.  a troublesome person or thing; a nuisance [口]令人厌烦的人(或物)；讨厌的人(或物) ●v. tr.  1  cause pain to 使疼痛 2 (as 作 pained adj.)  expressing pain 显示疼痛  a pained expression  痛苦的表情 □ be at (or take) pains  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  take great care in doing something 设法；努力□ in pain   suffering pain 疼痛□ on (or under) pain of   with (death etc.) as the penalty 违则以(死等)处罚 [Middle English via Old French peine from Latin poena ‘penalty’]

painful /ˈpeinfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing bodily or mental pain or distress 疼痛的；悲痛的 2 (esp. of part of the body) suffering pain (尤指身体某部位)痛的，疼痛的 3  causing trouble or difficulty; laborious 麻烦的；困难的；费力的  a painful climb  艰难的攀登 □ painfully  adv.  □ painfulness  n.  

painkiller /ˈpeinkilə/ n.  a medicine or drug for alleviating pain 止痛药 □ painkilling  adj.  

painless /ˈpeinlis/ adj.  not causing or suffering pain 无痛的，不引起疼痛的 □ painlessly  adv.  □ painlessness  n.  

painstaking /ˈpeinzteikiŋ/ adj.  careful, industrious, thorough 仔细的，勤恳的，毫不马虎的 □ painstakingly  adv.  □ painstakingness  n.  

paint /peint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  colouring matter, esp. in liquid form for imparting colour to a surface (尤指液体的)颜料，油漆，涂料b  this as a dried film or coating (已干燥的)漆层，涂层  the paint peeled off  油漆剥落 2 joc. or archaic  cosmetic make-up, esp. rouge or nail varnish [诙] [古义]化妆品(尤指胭脂或指甲油) ●v. tr.  1  a  cover the surface of (a wall, object, etc.) with paint 用油漆涂饰(墙、物品等)b  apply paint of a specified colour to 漆成…色  paint the door green  把门漆成绿色 2  depict (an object, scene, etc.) with paint; produce (a picture) by painting 用颜料画；描绘(物、风景等) 3  describe vividly as if by painting (生动地)描述，描写  painted the scene in vivid terms  用生动的词语描述景色 4  apply a liquid or (joc. or archaic) cosmetics to (the face, skin, etc.) [诙] [古义] (往脸、皮肤等上)涂液态物品(或化妆品) 5  apply (a liquid) to a surface with a brush etc. (用刷子等)在表面涂抹(液体颜料) □ paint out   efface with paint 涂掉；用漆(或颜料)覆盖□ paint the town red  colloq.  enjoy oneself flamboyantly [口]痛饮作乐□ paintable  adj.   [Middle English, via peint, past part. of Old French peindre, from Latin pingere pict- ‘paint’]

paintball /ˈpeintbɔ:l/ n.  a game in which participants simulate military combat using airguns to shoot capsules of paint at each other 彩弹游戏(一种用气枪相互发射染料弹丸的军事游戏) □ paintballer  n.  

paintbox /ˈpeintbɒks/ n.  a box holding dry paints for painting pictures 颜料盒

paintbrush /ˈpeintbrʌʃ/ n.  a brush for applying paint 漆刷；画笔

painted lady n.  an orange-red butterfly, esp. Cynthia cardui, with black and white spots 桔红色蝴蝶(尤指带黑白斑点的小苎麻赤蛱蝶)

painter1 /ˈpeintə/ n.  a person who paints, esp. an artist or decorator 油漆工；(尤指)画家，装饰工 [Middle English from Old French peintour, ultimately from Latin pictor (as PAINT)]

painter2 /ˈpeintə/ n.  a rope attached to the bow of a boat for tying it to a quay etc. 系艇索 [Middle English, probably from Old French penteur ‘rope from a masthead’: cf. German Pentertakel from pentern ‘fish the anchor’]

painterly /ˈpeintəli/ adj.  1  a  using paint well; artistic 绘画的，美术的b  characteristic of a painter or paintings 具有画家(或绘画)特点的 2 (of a painting) lacking clearly defined outlines (绘画)缺乏明晰线条的 □ painterliness  n.  

painting /ˈpeintiŋ/ n.  1  the process or art of using paint 绘画手法，绘画艺术 2  a painted picture 图画，绘画

paint shop n.  the part of a factory where goods are painted, esp. by spraying 油漆车间(尤指喷漆车间)

paintstick /ˈpeintstik/ n.  a stick of water-soluble paint used like a crayon 彩色水笔

paintwork /ˈpeintwɜ:k/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a painted surface or area in a building etc. [尤英] (建筑物等的)上了漆的表面(或区域) 2  the work of painting 油漆活

painty /ˈpeinti/ adj. (paintier, paintiest)  1  of or covered in paint 油漆的，油漆覆盖的 2 (of a picture etc.) overcharged with paint (画等)着色过度的

pair /pɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of two persons or things used together or regarded as a unit 一对，一双，一副  a pair of gloves  一副手套 a pair of eyes  一双眼睛 2  an article (e.g. scissors, trousers, or tights) consisting of two joined or corresponding parts not used separately (两个连在一起，由相同部分组成且不能分开的)一条，一把，一套(如剪刀、裤子、紧身裤) 3  a  an engaged or married couple 已订婚的一对；一对夫妻b  a mated couple of animals 交配的一对动物 4  two horses harnessed side by side 并排驾车的两匹马  a coach and pair  双驾马车 5  the second member of a pair in relation to the first 成对的另一方  cannot find its pair  找不到另一方了 6  two playing cards of the same denomination 同点的一对牌 7 Parl.  either or both of two members of a legislative assembly on opposite sides absenting themselves from voting by mutual arrangement [议] (相约放弃投票权的)对立两党的两名议员(或其中一方) ●v. tr. & intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  arrange or be arranged in couples 使…成对；把…组成一对一对 2  a  join or be joined in marriage 使…成配偶；配对b (of animals) mate (动物)交配 3 Parl.  form a pair (see 见 sense 7 of n.) [议]组成对某议案不投票的一对 □ in pairs   in twos 成双，成对 [Middle English via Old French paire from Latin paria, neut. pl. of par ‘equal’]

paired /pɛəd/ adj.  occurring in pairs or as a pair 成双的，成对的

pairing /ˈpɛəriŋ/ n.  an arrangement or match resulting from organizing or forming into pairs 配对

pair of scales n.  a simple balance (简易)天平

pair production n. Physics  the conversion of a radiation quantum into an electron and a positron 【物理学】偶的产生

pair royal n. (in cribbage etc.) a set of three cards of the same denomination (克里比奇牌戏等中)一副 3 张同点的牌

paisa /ˈpaisɑ:, -sə/ n. (pl. paise /-sei or -sə/)  a coin and monetary unit of India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh, equal to one-hundredth of a rupee or taka 派沙(印度、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国的硬币及货币单位，等于 1/100 卢比或塔卡) [Hindi]

Paisley /ˈpeizli/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a distinctive intricate pattern of curved feather-shaped figures 佩兹利涡旋图纹 2  a soft woollen garment having this pattern 佩兹利涡旋图纹花呢制品 [Paisley in Scotland, the original place of manufacture]

pajamas US var.  of PYJAMAS [美] PYJAMAS 的变体

pakeha /ˈpɑ:kihɑ:/ n. & adj. NZ [新] ●n.  a white person as opposed to a Maori (与毛利人相对的)白种人 ●adj.  of or relating to white people 白种人的；与白种人有关的 [Maori]

Paki /ˈpæki/ n. (pl. Pakis) Brit. slang offens.  a Pakistani, esp. an immigrant in Britain [英] [俚语] [冒犯]巴基斯坦人；(尤指)移居英国的巴基斯坦人 [abbreviation]

Pakistan   巴基斯坦

Pakistani /pɑ:kiˈstɑ:ni, pæk-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -is)  1  a native or national of Pakistan 巴基斯坦人 2  a person of Pakistani descent 巴基斯坦人的后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Pakistan 巴基斯坦的，与巴基斯坦有关的 [Hindustani]

pakora /pəˈkɔ:rə/ n.  a piece of cauliflower, carrot, or other vegetable, coated in seasoned batter and deep-fried 帕可拉(一种印度食品，由菜花、胡萝卜或其他蔬菜外裹面糊炸制而成) [Hindustani]

pal /pæl/ n. & v. ●n. colloq.  a friend, mate, or comrade [口]朋友，伙伴，同志 ●v. intr. (palled, palling) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  associate; form a friendship 结交；成为好友 [Romany = brother, mate, ultimately from Sanskrit bhrɑˉtr BROTHER]

palace /ˈpælis/ n.  1  the official residence of a sovereign, president, archbishop, or bishop (国王或总统的)王宫，宫殿；(大主教或主教的)宅邸 2  a splendid mansion; a spacious building 豪宅，大厦 [Middle English via Old French palais from Latin Palatium, the Palatine hill, in Rome, where the house of the emperor was situated]

palace revolution n. (also 亦作 palace coup)  the (usu. non-violent) overthrow of a sovereign, government, etc. at the hands of senior officials (通常指非暴力的)宫廷政变，宫廷革命

paladin /ˈpælədin/ n. hist. [史义]  1  any of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court, of whom the Count Palatine was the chief 查理大帝王朝 12 贵族之一(其中首领是在领地内享有王权的伯爵) 2  a knight errant; a champion 骑士；游侠；武士 [French paladin via Italian paladino from Latin palatinus: see PALATINE1]

Palaearctic /pæliˈɑ:ktik, pei-/ adj. & n. (US [美] Palearctic) (also 亦作 pal-) ●adj.  of or relating to the Arctic and temperate parts of the Old World 古北区的；与古北区有关的 ●n.  the Palaearctic region 古北区 [PALAEO- + ARCTIC]

palaeo- /pæliəʊ, peiliəʊ/ comb. form (US [美] paleo-)  ancient, old; of ancient (esp. prehistoric) times [构词成分]古；史前 [Greek palaios ‘ancient’]

palaeoanthropology /ˌpæliəʊænθrəˈpɒlədʒi, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleoanthropology)  the branch of anthropology concerned with fossil hominids (研究人类化石的)古人类学 □ palaeoanthropological  /-pəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palaeoanthropologist  n.  

palaeobotany /ˌpæliəʊˈbɒtəni, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleobotany)  the study of fossil plants (研究植物化石的)古植物学 □ palaeobotanical  /-bəˈtænik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palaeobotanist  n.  

Palaeocene /ˈpæliəsi:n, ˈpei-/ adj. & n. (US [美] Paleocene) Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the earliest epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence of the emergence and development of mammals 新生代第三纪早期的；古新世的；与古新世有关的 ●n.  this epoch or system 古新世；古新统 [PALAEO- + Greek kainos ‘new’]

palaeoclimatology /ˌpæliəʊklaiməˈtɒlədʒi, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleoclimatology)  the study of the climate in geologically past times (研究古代气候的)古气候学 □ palaeoclimatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palaeoclimatologist  n.  

palaeoecology /ˌpæliəʊiˈkɒlədʒi, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleoecology)  the ecology of extinct and prehistoric organisms (研究已灭绝和史前生物的生态的)古生态学 □ palaeoecological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palaeoecologist  n.  

palaeogeography /ˌpæliəʊdʒiˈɒɡrəfi, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleogeography)  the study of the geographical features at periods in the geological past (研究古代地理特征的)古地理学 □ palaeogeographer  n.  □ palaeogeographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

palaeography /pæliˈɒɡrəfi, pei-/ n. (US [美] paleography)  the study of writing and documents from the past 古文书学；古文学 □ palaeographer  n.  □ palaeographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ palaeographical  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palaeographically  /-əˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [French paléographie from modern Latin palaeographia (as PALAEO-, -GRAPHY)]

palaeolithic /ˌpæliə(ʊ)ˈliθik, ˌpei-/ adj. & n. (US [美] paleolithic) Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting for about 2.5 million years until the end of the last ice age 旧石器时代的；与旧石器时代有关的 ●n.  the palaeolithic period 旧石器时代 [PALAEO- + Greek lithos ‘stone’]

palaeomagnetism /ˌpæliə(ʊ)ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleomagnetism)  the study of the magnetism remaining in rocks (研究岩石中残留的磁性的)古磁学 □ palaeomagnetic  /-mæɡˈnetik/ adj.  

palaeontology /ˌpæliɒnˈtɒlədʒi, ˌpei-/ n. (US [美] paleontology)  the branch of science that deals with extinct and fossil animals and plants (研究已灭绝的动植物及其化石的)古生物学 □ palaeontological  /-təˈlɒdʒikəl/ adj.  □ palaeontologist  n.   [PALAEO- + Greek onta, neut. pl. of ōn ‘being’, part. of eimi ‘be’ + -LOGY]

Palaeozoic /ˌpæliə(ʊ)ˈzəʊik, ˌpei-/ adj. & n. (US [美] Paleozoic) Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to an era of geological time marked by the appearance of marine and terrestrial plants and animals, esp. invertebrates 古生代的；与古生代有关的 ●n.  this era (cf. 参见 CENOZOIC, MESOZOIC) 古生代 [PALAEO- + Greek zōē ‘life’, zōos ‘living’]

palaestra /pəˈli:strə, pəˈlaistrə/ n. (also 亦作 palestra /-ˈlestrə/) Gk & Rom. Antiq.  a wrestling school or gymnasium [古希腊] [古罗马]摔跤学校；摔跤馆 [Middle English via Latin palaestra from Greek palaistra, from palaiō ‘wrestle’]

palais /ˈpælei/ n. Brit. colloq.  a public hall for dancing [英口]公共舞厅 [French palais (de danse) ‘(dancing) hall’]

palanquin /pælənˈki:n/ n. (also 亦作 palankeen) (in India and the East) a covered litter for one passenger (印度和东方的)供 1 人乘坐有盖的轿子(或肩舆) [Portuguese palanquim, ultimately via Hindi pɑˉlkī from Sanskrit palyanka ‘bed, couch’]

palatable /ˈpælətəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  pleasant to taste 可口的 2 (of an idea, suggestion, etc.) acceptable, satisfactory (思想、建议等)可接受的；合意的 □ palatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ palatableness  n.  □ palatably  adv.  

palatal /ˈpælət(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the palate 腭的 2 (of a speech sound) made by placing the surface of the tongue against the hard palate (e.g. y in yes) (发音)腭音的(如 yes 中的 y) ●n.  a palatal sound 腭音 □ palatalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ palatalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ palatally  adv.   [French (as PALATE)]

palate /ˈpælət/ n.  1  the roof of the mouth in vertebrates, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose 腭，硬腭 2  the sense of taste 味觉 3  a mental taste or inclination; liking 爱好；趣味；喜好 [Middle English from Latin palatum]

palatial /pəˈleiʃ(ə)l/ adj. (of a building) like a palace, esp. spacious and splendid (建筑物)宫殿般的；(尤指)宏伟宽敞的 □ palatially  adv.   [Latin (as PALACE)]

palatinate /pəˈlætinət/ n.  a territory under the jurisdiction of a Count Palatine 巴拉丁领地(指享有王权的伯爵或贵族的领地)

palatine1 /ˈpælətain, -tin/ adj. (also 亦作 Palatine) hist. [史义]  1 (of an official or feudal lord) having local authority that elsewhere belongs only to a sovereign (官员或封建地主)在领地内享有王权的  Count Palatine  在领地内享有王权的伯爵 2 (of a territory) subject to this authority (领地)巴拉丁领地的 [Middle English via French palatin -ine from Latin palatinus ‘of the PALACE’]

palatine2 /ˈpælətain, -tin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or connected with the palate 腭的；与腭相连的 ●n. (in full 全称 palatine bone)  each of two bones forming the hard palate 腭骨 [French palatin -ine (as PALATE)]

Palau   帕劳

palaver /pəˈlɑ:və/ n. & v. ●n.  1  fuss and bother, esp. prolonged (尤指长期的)忙乱，打扰 2  profuse or idle talk 空谈，废话 3  cajolery 哄骗；引诱 4 colloq.  a prolonged or tiresome affair or business [口]拖延的事务；令人厌烦的事务 5 hist.  a parley between African or other natives and traders [史义] (非洲或其他地方当地人和商人之间的)谈判，会谈；交涉 ●v.  1 intr.  talk profusely 夸夸其谈，空谈 2 tr.  flatter, wheedle 恭维，奉承；哄骗；引诱 [Portuguese palavra ‘word’ from Latin (as PARABLE)]

pale1 /peil/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of a person or complexion) of a whitish or ashen appearance (人或肤色)苍白的，灰白的 2  a (of a colour) faint; not dark or deep (颜色)浅的；淡的b  faintly coloured 颜色暗淡的 3  of faint lustre; dim 光泽暗淡的；昏暗的 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  grow or make pale 变得苍白；变得暗淡；使失色 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 before, beside)  become feeble in comparison (with) 相形见绌 □ palely  adv.  □ paleness  n.  □ palish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French pale, palir from Latin pallidus, from pallēre ‘be pale’]

pale2 /peil/ n.  1  a pointed piece of wood for fencing etc.; a stake (栅栏等用的)尖板条；尖桩 2  a boundary 界限 3  an enclosed or delimited area 围起的地区；限区 4 Heraldry  a vertical stripe in the middle of a shield 【纹章学】(盾形纹章中部的)垂直宽条 □ beyond the pale   outside the bounds of acceptable behaviour 越轨的□ in pale  Heraldry  arranged vertically 【纹章学】竖直安放的 [Middle English via Old French pal from Latin palus ‘stake’]

palea /ˈpeiliə/ n. (pl. paleae /-lii:/) Bot.  a chafflike bract, esp. in the flower of a grass 【植】内稃(尤指草本植物的花外包着的硬壳) [Latin, = chaff]

paled /peild/ adj.  having palings 有尖板条的；有尖桩的；用栅栏围住的

paleface /ˈpeilfeis/ n.  a name supposedly used by the N. American Indians for a white person 白(种)人(北美印第安人对白人的称呼)

paleo- US var.  of PALAEO- [美] PALAEO- 的变体

Paleocene US var.  of PALAEOCENE [美] PALAEOCENE 的变体

Paleozoic US var.  of PALAEOZOIC [美] PALAEOZOIC 的变体

Palestine   巴勒斯坦

Palestinian /pæləˈstiniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Palestine, a region (in ancient and modern times) and former mandated territory on the E. Mediterranean coast 巴勒斯坦的；与巴勒斯坦有关的 ●n.  1  a native of Palestine in ancient or modern times 巴勒斯坦人 2  an Arab, or a descendant of one, born or living in the area formerly called Palestine (出生或生活在巴勒斯坦的)阿拉伯人；阿拉伯人后裔

palestra var.  of PALAESTRA  PALAESTRA 的变体

palette /ˈpælit/ n.  1  a thin board or slab or other surface, usu. with a hole for the thumb, on which an artist lays and mixes colours 调色板 2  the range of colours used by an artist (画家用的)一套颜料 [French, diminutive of pale ‘shovel’, from Latin pala ‘spade’]

palette knife n.  1  a thin steel blade with a handle for mixing colours or applying or removing paint 调色刀 2 Brit.  a kitchen knife with a long blunt round-ended flexible blade [英] (厨房用的)无刃刮刀；铲刀

palfrey /ˈpɔ:lfri, ˈpæl-/ n. (pl. -eys) archaic  a horse for ordinary riding, esp. for women [古义] (尤指供妇女骑的)驯马 [Middle English via Old French palefrei and medieval Latin palefredus, Late Latin paraveredus from Greek para ‘beside, extra’, + Latin veredus ‘light horse’, of Gaulish origin]

Pali /ˈpɑ:li:/ n. & adj. ●n.  an Indic language used in the canonical books of Buddhists 巴利语(佛教徒在经典宗教书籍中使用的一种古印度语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language 巴利语的；与巴利语有关的 [Pali pɑˉli-bhɑˉsɑˉ, from pɑˉli ‘line, canon’ + bhɑˉsɑˉ ‘language’]

palimony /ˈpæliməni/ n. esp. US colloq.  an allowance made by one member of an unmarried couple to the other after separation [尤美口] (分居后非婚夫妇中的一方付给另一方的)同居生活费，同居津贴 [PAL + ALIMONY]

palimpsest /ˈpælim(p)sest/ n.  1  a piece of writing material or manuscript on which later writing has been written over the effaced original writing (将原有文字擦去后在上面重新书写的)羊皮纸 2  a monumental brass turned and re-engraved on the reverse side 在反面重刻的铜碑 [Latin palimpsestus from Greek palimpsēstos, from palin ‘again’ + psēstos ‘rubbed smooth’]

palindrome /ˈpælindrəʊm/ n.  a word or phrase that reads the same backwards as forwards (e.g. 如 rotator, nurses run) 回文(顺读和倒读都一样的词或词组) □ palindromic  /-ˈdrɒmik/ adj.  □ palindromist  n.   [Greek palindromos ‘running back again’, from palin ‘again’ + drom- ‘run’]

paling /ˈpeiliŋ/ n.  1  a fence of pales 围篱，栅栏 2  a pale 尖板条，尖桩

palingenesis /pælinˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  the exact reproduction of ancestral characteristics in ontogenesis 【生】重演性发生(变态) □ palingenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.   [Greek palin ‘again’ + genesis ‘birth, GENESIS’]

palinode /ˈpælinəʊd/ n.  1  a poem in which the writer retracts a view or sentiment expressed in a former poem (取消自己旧作内容的)翻案诗 2  a recantation 放弃；撤回 [French palinode or Late Latin palinodia from Greek palinōidia, from palin ‘again’ + ōidē ‘song’]

palisade /pæliˈseid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a fence of pales or iron railings 围篱；铁栅栏b  a strong pointed wooden stake used in a close row for defence 尖木桩篱笆；木栅栏 2 (in pl. 用复数) US  a line of high cliffs [美]绝壁 ●v. tr.  enclose or provide with a palisade 用栅栏围护，用栅栏防卫 [French palissade from Provençal palissada, from palissa ‘paling’, ultimately from Latin palus ‘stake’]

palisade layer n. Bot.  a layer of elongated cells below the epidermis of a leaf 【植】栅栏(细胞)层

pall1 /pɔ:l/ n.  1  a cloth spread over a coffin, hearse, or tomb 棺罩；柩衣；墓布 2  a shoulder band with pendants, worn as an ecclesiastical vestment and sign of authority (作为圣服及权利象征的)披肩带 3  a dark covering (阴暗的)遮盖物，笼罩物  a pall of darkness  夜幕 a pall of smoke  烟幕 4 Heraldry  a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses representing the front of an ecclesiastical pall 【纹章学】 Y 型纹章图案 [Old English pœll, from Latin pallium ‘cloak’]

pall2 /pɔ:l/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  become uninteresting (to) 失去兴趣；感到乏味 2 tr.  satiate, cloy 使厌腻，使厌倦 [Middle English, from APPAL]

palladia pl.  of PALLADIUM2  

Palladian /pəˈleidiən/ adj. Archit.  in the neoclassical style of Palladio 【建】帕拉第奥新古典风格的 □ Palladianism  n.   [from the name of A. Palladio, Italian architect d. 1580]

palladium1 /pəˈleidiəm/ n. Chem.  a white ductile metallic element occurring naturally in various ores and used in chemistry as a catalyst and for making jewellery (symbol 符 Pd) 【化】(化学元素)钯 [modern Latin from Pallas, the name given to an asteroid discovered (1803) just before the element, + -IUM; cf. CERIUM]

palladium2 /pəˈleidiəm/ n. (pl. palladia /-diə/)  a safeguard or source of protection 护卫；保障 [Middle English via Latin from Greek palladion ‘image of Pallas (Athene)’, a protecting deity]

pall-bearer n.  a person helping to carry or officially escorting a coffin at a funeral (出殡时)护棺材的人；抬棺材的人

pallet1 /ˈpælit/ n.  1  a straw mattress 草垫子 2  a crude or makeshift bed 临时简易小床 [Middle English pailet, paillet via Anglo-French paillete ‘straw’ and Old French paille from Latin palea]

pallet2 /ˈpælit/ n.  1  a portable platform for transporting and storing loads (运输及贮存物品的)货盘；集装架 2  a flat wooden blade with a handle, used in ceramics to shape clay (制陶时用的)抹子；扁平木具 3  = PALETTE  4 (in a clock or watch) a projection transmitting motion from an escapement to a pendulum or balance wheel (钟表内接受摆轮推动并将冲量分给平衡轮或钟摆的)突出部分 5  a projection on a machine part, serving to change the mode of motion of a wheel 棘爪；掣子 □ palletize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [French palette: see PALETTE]

pallia pl.  of PALLIUM  

palliasse /ˈpæliæs/ n. (also 亦作 paillasse)  a straw mattress 草垫子 [French paillasse from Italian pagliaccio, ultimately from Latin palea ‘straw’]

palliate /ˈpælieit/ v. tr.  1  alleviate (disease) without curing it 减轻，缓解(疾病) 2  excuse, extenuate 原谅；掩饰 □ palliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ palliator  n.   [Late Latin palliare ‘to cloak’ from pallium ‘cloak’]

palliative /ˈpæliətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  something used to alleviate pain, anxiety, etc. (减轻痛苦、忧虑等的)缓解物 ●adj.  serving to alleviate 减轻的，缓和的 □ palliatively  adv.   [French palliatif -ive or medieval Latin palliativus (as PALLIATE)]

pallid /ˈpælid/ adj.  pale, esp. from illness (尤指病后)苍白的，无血色的 □ pallidity  /-ˈliditi/ n.  □ pallidly  adv.  □ pallidness  n.   [Latin pallidus PALE1]

pallium /ˈpæliəm/ n. (pl. palliums or pallia /-liə/)  1  an ecclesiastical pall, esp. that sent by the Pope to an archbishop as a symbol of authority (尤指教皇保罗送给大主教作为权力象征的)披肩带 2 hist.  a man's large rectangular cloak esp. as worn in antiquity [史义] (尤指古代男人使用的长方形的)大披肩 3 Zool.  the mantle of a mollusc or brachiopod 【动】(软体动物或腕足动物等的)外套膜 [Latin]

pall-mall /pælˈmæl, pelˈmel/ n. hist.  a game in which a ball was driven through an iron ring suspended in a long alley [史义]铁圈球运动(流行于 17 世纪，以槌击球，使之通过球道里的铁圈) [obsolete French pallemaille from Italian pallamaglio, from palla ‘ball’ + maglio ‘mallet’]

pallor /ˈpælə/ n.  pallidness, paleness 苍白 [Latin, from pallēre ‘be pale’]

pally /ˈpæli/ adj. (pallier, palliest) colloq.  like a pal; friendly [口]要好的；友好的

palm1 /pɑ:m/ n.  1 (in full 全称 palm tree)  a tree of the mainly tropical family Palmae, with no branches and a mass of large pinnate or fan-shaped leaves at the top 棕榈树 2  the leaf of this tree as a symbol of victory (作为胜利的象征的)棕榈叶 3  a  supreme excellence 居首位，最佳b  a prize for this (夺魁后的)奖品 4  a branch of various trees used instead of a palm in non-tropical countries, esp. in celebrating Palm Sunday (尤指非热带国家庆祝棕榈主日时用来代替棕榈树枝的)庆贺树枝 □ palmaceous  /pælˈmeiʃəs/ adj.   [Old English palm(a), via Germanic from Latin palma PALM2, its leaf being likened to a spread hand]

palm2 /pɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the inner surface of the hand between the wrist and fingers 手掌，手心 2  the part of a glove that covers this (手套的)掌部 3  the palmate part of an antler (鹿角的)掌状部 ●v. tr.  conceal in the hand; steal by concealing in the hand 把…藏于手中；藏于手心里偷窃 □ in the palm of one's hand   under one's control or influence 在…的影响下；在…的控制下□ palm off   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  impose or thrust fraudulently (on a person) 以欺骗的方式硬塞给(某人)b  cause a person to accept unwillingly or unknowingly 欺骗某人接受  palmed my old typewriter off on him  把我的老式打字机骗卖给他 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cause (a person) to accept unwillingly or unknowingly 把…硬塞(或骗卖)给(某人)  palmed him off with my old typewriter  骗卖给他 1 台我的老式打字机□ palmar  /ˈpælmə/ adj.  □ palmed  adj.  □ palmful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English paume via Old French paume from Latin palma: later assimilated to Latin]

palmate /ˈpælmeit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  1  shaped like an open hand 【植】【动】手掌状的 2  having lobes etc. like spread fingers 有蹼的，蹼足的 [Latin palmatus (as PALM2)]

palmer /ˈpɑ:mə/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a pilgrim returning from the Holy Land with a palm branch or leaf (从圣地带回棕榈枝或棕榈叶的)朝圣者b  an itinerant monk under a vow of poverty 游方僧 2  a hairy artificial fly used in angling (钓鱼用的毛茸茸的)假蝇 3 (in full 全称 palmer-worm)  a destructive hairy caterpillar of a European moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea 一种欧洲蛾的幼虫 [Middle English via Anglo-French palmer, Old French palmier from medieval Latin palmarius ‘pilgrim’]

palmette /pælˈmet/ n. Archaeol.  an ornament of radiating petals like a palm leaf 【考古】棕叶饰，棕叶形装饰物 [French, diminutive of palme PALM1]

palmetto /pælˈmetəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a small palm tree, e.g. any of various fan palms of the genus Sabal or Chamaerops 扇状叶矮棕榈 [Spanish palmito, diminutive of palma PALM1, assimilated to Italian words ending in -etto]

palmier /ˈpælmiei, 法 palmje/ n. (pl. palmiers pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a sweet crisp pastry shaped like a palm leaf 一种棕叶状的甜脆糕点 [French, = palm tree]

palmiped /ˈpælmiped/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 palmipede /-pi:d/) ●adj.  web-footed 蹼足的 ●n.  a web-footed bird 蹼足鸟 [Latin palmipes -pedis (as PALM2, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

palmistry /ˈpɑ:mistri/ n.  supposed divination from lines and other features on the palm of the hand 手相术 □ palmist  n.   [Middle English (originally palmestry) from PALM2: second element unexplained]

palmitic acid /pælˈmitik/ n. Chem.  a saturated fatty acid, solid at room temperature, found in palm oil and other vegetable and animal fats 【化】棕榈酸；十六(烷)酸；软脂酸 □ palmitate  /ˈpælmiteit/ n.   [French palmitique, from palme PALM1]

palm oil n.  oil from the fruit of any of various palms, esp. Elaeis guineensis of W. Africa (尤指从西非油棕果中榨出的)棕榈油

Palm Sunday n.  the Sunday before Easter, celebrating Christ's entry into Jerusalem (基督教)棕榈主日(复活节前的星期日，纪念耶稣进入耶路撒冷)

palmtop /ˈpɑ:mtɒp/ n.  a computer small and light enough to be held in one hand 掌上电脑(一种可握在手中小而轻的电脑)

palm wine n.  an alcoholic drink made from fermented palm sap 棕榈酒(用棕榈树液发酵制成)

palmy /ˈpɑ:mi/ adj. (palmier, palmiest)  1  of or like or abounding in palms 棕榈似的；多棕榈的 2  triumphant, flourishing 胜利的；兴旺的  palmy days  兴盛时期

palmyra /pælˈmairə/ n.  an Asian palm, Borassus flabellifer, with fan-shaped leaves used for matting etc. 扇形树头榈(产于亚洲，扇形叶可做草垫) [Portuguese palmeira ‘palm tree’, assimilated to Palmyra, the name of an ancient city in Syria]

palomino /pæləˈmi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a golden or tan-coloured horse with a light-coloured mane and tail, originally bred in the south-western US 帕洛米诺马(一种产自美国西南部毛呈金黄色或棕黄色的马) [Latin American Spanish from Spanish palomino ‘young pigeon’, from paloma ‘dove’, from Latin palumba]

paloverde /pæləʊˈvɜ:di/ n.  any yellow-flowered thorny tree of the genus Cercidium in Arizona etc. 假紫荆属植物(产自美国亚利桑那州，开黄花) [Latin American Spanish, = green tree]

palp /pælp/ n. (also 亦作 palpus /ˈpælpəs/) (pl. palps or palpi /-pai, -pi:/)  a segmented sense organ at the mouth of an arthropod; a feeler (节肢动物嘴部的)触须；窦毛 □ palpal  adj.   [Latin palpus from palpare ‘feel’]

palpable /ˈpælpəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be touched or felt 触摸得到的；可感知的 2  readily perceived by the senses or mind 易觉察的 □ palpability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ palpably  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin palpabilis (as PALPATE)]

palpate /pælˈpeit/ v. tr.  examine (esp. medically) by touch (尤指医疗中)触摸检查 □ palpation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin palpare palpat- ‘touch gently’]

palpebral /ˈpælpibr(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the eyelids 眼睑的；与眼睑有关的 [Late Latin palpebralis from Latin palpebra ‘eyelid’]

palpitate /ˈpælpiteit/ v. intr.  1 (of the heart) beat strongly and rapidly; undergo palpitations (心脏)悸动；跳动 2  throb, tremble 颤抖；颤动 □ palpitant  adj.   [Latin palpitare, frequentative of palpare ‘touch gently’]

palpitation /pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  throbbing, trembling 悸动；颤动 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to exertion, agitation, or disease (因劳累、激动或疾病引起的)心悸 [Latin palpitatio (as PALPITATE)]

palpus var.  of PALP  PALP 的变体

palsgrave /ˈpɔ:lzɡreiv/ n.  a Count Palatine 巴拉丁伯爵(在领地内享有王权的伯爵) [Dutch paltsgrave, from palts ‘palatinate’ + grave ‘count’]

palstave /ˈpɔ:lsteiv/ n. Archaeol.  a type of chisel made of bronze etc. shaped to fit into a split handle 【考古】青铜凿 [Danish paalstav from Old Norse pɑˊlstavr, from pɑˊll ‘hoe’ (cf. Latin palus ‘stake’) + stafr STAFF1]

palsy /ˈpɔ:lzi, ˈpɒl-/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  paralysis, esp. with involuntary tremors (尤指不由自主的颤抖的)瘫痪 2  a  a condition of utter helplessness 无助，无法自理b  a cause of this 导致无助(或无法自理的)原因 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  affect with palsy 使瘫痪 2  render helpless 使无助，使无法自理 [Middle English pa(r)lesi from Old French paralisie, ultimately from Latin paralysis: see PARALYSIS]

palter /ˈpɔ:ltə, ˈpɒl-/ v. intr.  1  haggle or equivocate 讨价还价；含糊其辞 2  trifle 敷衍了事；儿戏般对待 □ palterer  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

paltry /ˈpɔ:ltri, ˈpɒl-/ adj. (paltrier, paltriest)  worthless, contemptible, trifling 无价值的；可鄙的；微不足道的 □ paltriness  n.   [16th c.: from paltry ‘trash’, apparently from palt, pelt ‘rubbish’ + -RY (cf. trumpery): cf. Low German paltrig ‘ragged’]

paludal /pəˈlju:d(ə)l, -ˈlu:-, ˈpæljʊd(ə)l, -lʊ-/ adj.  1  of a marsh 沼泽的 2  malarial 疟疾的 □ paludism  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Latin palus -udis ‘marsh’ + -AL]

paly /ˈpeili/ adj. Heraldry  divided into equal vertical stripes 【纹章学】等分为 (4 条)垂直条纹的 [Old French palé from pal PALE2]

palynology /pæliˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of pollen grains and other spores, esp. from archaeological or geological deposits etc., e.g. for carbon dating and the investigation of past environments 孢粉学 □ palynological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ palynologist  n.   [Greek palunō ‘sprinkle’ + -LOGY]

Pam /pæm/   帕姆 [人名]

Pamela /ˈpæmilə/   帕梅拉 [人名]

pampas /ˈpæmpəs, -z/ n. pl.  large treeless plains in S. America (南美)无树大草原 [Spanish from Quechua pampa ‘plain’]

pampas grass n.  a tall grass, Cortaderia selloana, from S. America, with silky flowering plumes 蒲苇(南美产的结丝似羽状花的长草)

pamper /ˈpæmpə/ v. tr.  1  over-indulge (a person, taste, etc.), cosset 纵容(某人、爱好等)；尽量满足 2  spoil (a person) with luxury 溺爱，娇惯(某人) [Middle English, probably of Low German or Dutch origin]

pampero /pæmˈpɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a strong cold SW wind in S. America, blowing from the Andes towards the Atlantic (南美)帕姆佩罗风(由安第斯山脉吹向大西洋西南的风飑) [Spanish (as PAMPAS)]

pamphlet /ˈpæmflit/ n. & v. ●n.  a small usu. unbound booklet or leaflet containing information or a short treatise (通常没有装订的)小册子，活页文选 ●v. tr. (pamphleted, pamphleting)  distribute pamphlets to 给…分发小册子(或活页文选等) [Middle English from Pamphilet, the familiar name of the 12th-c. Latin love poem Pamphilus seu de Amore]

pamphleteer /pæmfləˈtiə/ n. & v. ●n.  a writer of (esp. political) pamphlets (尤指政治性的)小册子作者 ●v. intr.  write pamphlets 撰写小册子

pan1 /pæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a vessel of metal, earthenware, or plastic, usu. broad and shallow, used for cooking and other domestic purposes (用于烹饪或其他家用的)平底锅b  the contents of this 平底锅里盛的东西 2  a panlike vessel in which substances are heated etc. 平底锅状器皿 3  any similar shallow container such as the bowl of a pair of scales or that used for washing gravel etc. to separate gold 浅盘状容器(如秤盘或淘洗盘) 4 Brit.  the bowl of a lavatory [英]抽水马桶，瓷便池 5  part of the lock that held the priming in old guns (旧式枪上的)火药池 6  a hollow in the ground 洼地  salt pan  盐池 7  a hard substratum of soil 土磐，磐层 8 US slang  the face [美] [俚语]脸，面 9  a  a metal drum in a steel band (钢鼓乐队所用的)金属鼓b  steel-band music and the associated culture 钢鼓乐队音乐及相关文化 ●v. (panned, panning)  1 tr. colloq.  criticize severely [口]严厉批评 2 tr. slang  hit or punch (a person) [俚语]打，击(某人) 3  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, out)  wash (gold-bearing gravel) in a pan (用淘洗盘)淘洗(含金砂砾等)b intr.  search for gold by panning gravel 淘砂取金c intr. (foll. by 后跟 out) (of gravel) yield gold (砂砾)产金 □ pan out  (of an action etc.) turn out well or in a specified way (行动等)成功；产生结果□ panful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ panlike  adj.   [Old English panne, perhaps ultimately from Latin patina ‘dish’]

pan2 /pæn/ v. & n. ●v. (panned, panning)  1 tr.  swing (a camera) horizontally to give a panoramic effect or to follow a moving object. (为拍全景或拍运动中的目标)摇动(镜头) 2 intr. (of a camera) be moved in this way (摄影机)摇动镜头拍摄 ●n.  a panning movement 摇动镜头 [abbreviation of PANORAMA]

pan3 /pɑ:n/ n.  1  a leaf of the betel 蒟酱叶 2  this enclosing lime and areca-nut parings, chewed in India etc. (印度等地用蒟酱叶、槟榔子皮等制成的供咀嚼的)开胃生津咀嚼物 [Hindi, from Sanskrit parna ‘feather, leaf’]

pan- /pæn/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  all; the whole of 全；整个 2  relating to the whole or all the parts of a continent, racial group, religion, etc. (pan-American 泛美的 ; pan-African 泛非的 ; pan-Hellenic 全希腊的 ; pan-Anglican 全英国国教的) 和整个(或全部)大陆(或种族、宗教等)有关的 [Greek from pan, neut. of pas ‘all’]

panacea /pænəˈsi:ə/ n.  a universal remedy 万灵药 □ panacean  adj.   [Latin from Greek panakeia, from panakēs ‘all-healing’ (as PAN-, akos ‘remedy’)]■Usage 用法说明 The phrase universal panacea should be avoided since it is tautologous. 由于意思重复，故应避免使用词组 universal panacea 。 

panache /pəˈnæʃ/ n.  1  flamboyant confidence of style or manner 炫耀；神气活现 2 hist.  a tuft or plume of feathers, esp. as a headdress or on a helmet [史义] (尤指头巾、头盔上的)羽饰 [French via Italian pennacchio from Late Latin pinnaculum, diminutive of pinna ‘feather’]

panada /pəˈnɑ:də/ n.  1  a thick paste of flour etc. 稠面糊 2  bread boiled to a pulp and flavoured (加调料煮成的)面包浆 [Spanish, ultimately from Latin panis ‘bread’]

Panama   巴拿马

panama /ˈpænəmɑ:, pænəˈmɑ:/ n.  a hat of strawlike material made from the leaves of a pine tree (用松叶似的材料制成的)巴拿马式草帽 [Panama in Central America]

Panamanian /pænəˈmeiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the Republic of Panama in Central America (中美洲)巴拿马人 2  a person of Panamanian descent 巴拿马人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Panama 巴拿马的；与巴拿马有关的

panatella /pænəˈtelə/ n.  a long thin cigar 细长的雪茄烟 [Latin American Spanish panatela, = long thin biscuit, from Italian panatella, diminutive of panata (as PANADA)]

pancake /ˈpænkeik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thin flat cake of batter usu. fried and turned in a pan and often rolled up with a filling (通常裹馅的)薄煎饼；烙饼 2 (also 亦作 Pan-Cake propr. [商标])  a flat cake of make-up etc. (化妆等用的)粉饼 ●v.  1 intr.  make a pancake landing 平坠着陆 2 tr.  cause (an aircraft) to pancake 使(飞机)平坠着陆 □ flat as a pancake   completely flat 完全扁平的 [Middle English, from PAN1 + CAKE]

Pancake Day n.  Shrove Tuesday (on which pancakes are traditionally eaten) 薄烤饼日，忏悔星期二(大斋首日即圣灰星期三的前一天，按传统该日食薄煎饼)

pancake landing n.  an emergency landing in which an aircraft levels out close to the ground and drops vertically with its undercarriage still retracted (飞机出了故障而做的)平坠着陆

panchayat /pʌnˈtʃaijət/ n.  a village council in India (印度的)村务委员会 [originally consisting of five members: Hindi, from Sanskrit pancha ‘five’ + ɑˉyatta ‘depending upon’]

Panchen Lama /pæntʃ(ə)n ˈlɑ:mə/ n.  a Tibetan lama ranking next after the Dalai Lama 班禅喇嘛(中国西藏喇嘛，地位仅次于达赖喇嘛) [Tibetan panchen ‘great learned one’]

panchromatic /pænkrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj. Photog. (of a film etc.) sensitive to all visible colours of the spectrum 【摄】(胶片等)全色性的

pancreas /ˈpæŋkriəs/ n.  a gland near the stomach supplying the duodenum with digestive enzymes and secreting insulin into the blood 胰(腺) □ pancreatic  /-ˈætik/ adj.  □ pancreatitis  /-ˈtaitis/ n.   [modern Latin from Greek pagkreas (as PAN-, kreas -atos ‘flesh’)]

pancreatin /ˈpæŋkriətin/ n.  a digestive extract containing pancreatic enzymes, prepared from animal pancreases 胰酶

panda /ˈpændə/ n.  1 (also 亦作 giant panda)  a large rare bearlike mammal, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, native to certain mountain forests in southwest China, having characteristic black and white markings 大熊猫(产自中国西南部山林中，毛色呈黑白斑块，似熊) 2 (also 亦作 red panda)  a Himalayan raccoon-like mammal, Ailurus fulgens, with reddish-brown fur and a long bushy tail 小熊猫(产自喜马拉雅山一带，似浣熊，毛呈红棕色，长有一条长长的茸尾) [Nepali name]

panda car n. Brit.  a police patrol car (originally black and white or blue and white) [英]巡逻警车(车身原为黑白或蓝白两色)

pandanus /pænˈdeinəs, -ˈdæn-/ n.  1  a tropical tree or shrub of the genus Pandanus, with a twisted stem, aerial roots, and spiral tufts of long narrow leaves at the top; also called screw pine (产于热带的)露兜树 2  fibre from the leaves of such a plant, or material woven from this (用于编织的)露兜叶纤维；露兜树纤维织品 [modern Latin from Malay pandan]

pandect /ˈpændekt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a complete body of laws 法典大全 2 hist.  a compendium in 50 books of the Roman civil law made by order of Justinian in the 6th c. [史义] 《学说汇纂》(约公元 6 世纪东罗马皇帝查士丁尼命令汇编的罗马民法，共 50 卷) [French pandecte or Latin pandecta pandectes from Greek pandektēs ‘all-receiver’ (as PAN-, dektēs from dekhomai ‘receive’)]

pandemic /pænˈdemik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world (疾病)全国流行的，全世界流行的，大流行的 ●n.  an outbreak of such a disease 大流行病 [Greek pandēmos (as PAN-, dēmos ‘people’)]

pandemonium /pændiˈməʊniəm/ n.  1  uproar; utter confusion 喧嚣；混乱 2  a scene of this 混乱的场面 [modern Latin (place of all demons in Milton's Paradise Lost), from PAN- + Greek daimōn DEMON]

pander /ˈpændə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  gratify or indulge a person, a desire or weakness, etc. 纵容(某人、欲望或弱点等) ●n.  1  a go-between in illicit love affairs; a procurer 拉皮条者 2  a person who encourages coarse desires 纵容他人低级欲望者 [Pandare, a character in Boccaccio and in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, via Latin Pandarus from Greek Pandaros]

pandit var.  of PUNDIT  1 PUNDIT 1 的变体

Pandora's box /pænˈdɔ:rəz/ n.  a process that once activated will generate many unmanageable problems 潘多拉之盒；灾祸之源 [in Greek mythology, the box from which the ills of humankind were released by Pandora, the first mortal woman, Hope alone remaining: from Greek Pandōra ‘all-gifted’ (as PAN-, dōron ‘gift’), each god and goddess having contributed a quality to Pandora]

pane /pein/ n.  1  a single sheet of glass in a window or door 窗格玻璃；门框玻璃 2  a rectangular division of a chequered pattern etc. (棋盘图案式的)长方格，长方块 [Middle English in the sense ‘piece of cloth, part of a garment’: via Old French pan from Latin pannus ‘piece of cloth’]

panegyric /pæniˈdʒirik/ n.  a laudatory discourse; a eulogy 颂扬的演说；颂词 □ panegyrical  adj.   [French panégyrique via Latin panegyricus from Greek panēgurikos ‘of public assembly’ (as PAN-, ēguris = agora ‘assembly’)]

panegyrize /ˈpænidʒiraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  speak or write in praise of; eulogize (书面或口头)表扬；颂扬 □ panegyrist  /-ˈdʒirist/ n.   [Greek panēgurizō (as PANEGYRIC)]

panel /ˈpæn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a distinct, usu. rectangular, section of a surface (e.g. of a wall, door, or vehicle) (通常为矩形的门、墙、车辆等的)嵌板，镶板b  a control panel (see 见 CONTROL n. 5) 控制板c  = INSTRUMENT PANEL  2  a strip of material as part of a garment (衣服上的)镶片，嵌料 3  a group of people forming a team in a broadcast game, discussion, etc. (广播竞赛、讨论等中组成的)小组 4 Brit.  a list of medical practitioners registered in a district as accepting patients under the National Health Service or hist. the National Insurance Act [英]国民健康保险医师名单；[史义]国民保险条例 5  a  a list of available jurors; a jury 陪审员名单；陪审团b Sc.  a person or persons accused of a crime [苏格兰]被告 ●v. tr. (panelled, panelling; US [美] paneled, paneling)  1  fit or provide with panels (用嵌板等)嵌镶 2  cover or decorate with panels (用饰条等)镶饰 [Middle English & Old French, = piece of cloth, ultimately from Latin pannus: see PANE]

panel beater n. Brit.  a person whose job is to beat out the metal panels of motor vehicles [英] (机动车辆的)钣金工

panel game n.  a broadcast quiz etc. played by a panel (电台或电视台的)小组猜谜节目

panel heating n.  the heating of rooms by panels in the wall etc. containing the sources of heat (将热水管等热源嵌置在墙内的)嵌入式供暖法

panelling /ˈpæn(ə)liŋ/ n. (US [美] paneling)  1  panelled work 镶板细工 2  wood for making panels 镶板木料

panellist /ˈpæn(ə)list/ n. (US [美] panelist)  a member of a panel (esp. in broadcasting) (尤指电台的)专题讨论小组成员

panel pin n. Brit.  a thin nail with a very small head [英] (钉胶合板等用的)镶板钉

panel saw n.  a saw with small teeth for cutting thin wood for panels (锯薄木板用的)带锯；板锯

panel truck n. US  a small enclosed delivery truck [美]小型货车

pan-fry v. tr.  fry in a pan in shallow fat 把…放在平底锅中煎

pang /pæŋ/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a sudden sharp pain or painful emotion 剧痛；(感情上的)悲痛 [variant of PRONG]

panga /ˈpæŋɡə/ n.  a bladed African tool like a machete (非洲)大砍刀 [native name in E. Africa]

pangolin /pæŋˈɡəʊlin/ n.  a mammal of the genus Manis (native to Asia) or Phataginus (native to Africa), having a small head with elongated snout and tongue with which it feeds on ants, and a tapering tail Also called 亦称作 scaly anteater 鲮鲤，穿山甲(产于亚洲或非洲，食蚁) [Malay peng-gōling ‘roller’ (from its habit of rolling itself up)]

panhandle /ˈpænhænd(ə)l/ n. & v. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  a narrow strip of territory projecting from the main territory of one state into another (从一州突出伸入另一州的)锅柄状地区 ●v. tr. & intr. colloq.  beg for money in the street [口] (在街上)讨钱 □ panhandler  n.  

panic1 /ˈpænik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  sudden uncontrollable fear or alarm 恐慌；惊慌 2  infectious apprehension or fright esp. in commercial dealings (尤指商业交往中的)恐慌 3 (作 attrib.)  characterized or caused by panic 恐慌性的；由恐慌引起的  panic measure  恐慌性措施 panic buying  恐慌性抢购 ●v. tr. & intr. (panicked, panicking) (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  affect or be affected with panic 使恐慌；感到惊慌  was panicked into buying  因恐慌而购买 □ panicky  adj.   [French panique via modern Latin panicus from Greek panikos, from Pan, the name of a rural god causing terror]

panic2 /ˈpænik/ n.  any grass of the genus Panicum, including millet and other cereals 黍，稷，糜子 [Old English via Latin panicum, from panus ‘thread on bobbin, millet-ear’, from Greek pēnos ‘web’]

panic button n.  1  a button for summoning help in an emergency 紧急按钮 2  a means of expressing panic or alarm 表示恐慌(或惊恐)的方法  pushed the national panic button  按动全国紧急按钮

panicle /ˈpænik(ə)l/ n. Bot.  a loose branching cluster of flowers, as in oats 【植】散穗花序；圆锥花序 □ panicled  adj.   [Latin paniculum, diminutive of panus ‘thread’]

panicmonger /ˈpænikmʌŋɡə/ n.  a person who fosters a panic 制造恐慌的人

panic stations n. pl. Brit.  a state of emergency [英]紧急慌乱的状态

panic-stricken adj. (also 亦作 panic-struck)  affected with panic; very apprehensive 惊慌失措的；十分疑惧的

panjandrum /pænˈdʒændrəm/ n.  1  a mock title for an important person 大亨，大老爷(对某位重要人物的讽刺性称呼) 2  a pompous or pretentious official etc. 架子十足的官员；自命不凡的要人 [apparently invented in a nonsense composition (1755) by S. Foote]

panne /pæn/ n. (in full 全称 panne velvet)  a velvet-like fabric of silk or rayon with a flattened pile 平绒 [French]

pannier /ˈpæniə/ n.  1  a basket, esp. one of a pair carried by a beast of burden (尤指驮兽两侧挂的)驮篮 2  each of a pair of bags or boxes on either side of the rear wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle (挂在自行车或摩托车两侧的)挂篮；挂包 3 hist. [史义]  a  part of a skirt looped up round the hips 裙子四周加圈撑开将臀部围起来的部分b  a frame supporting this (旧时用来张开女裙的)鲸骨框，裙撑 [Middle English via Old French panier from Latin panarium ‘bread basket’, from panis ‘bread’]

pannikin /ˈpænikin/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a small metal drinking cup 金属小酒杯 2  the contents of this 金属小酒杯中的饮料 [PAN1 + -KIN, on the pattern of cannikin]

panoply /ˈpænəpli/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a complete or splendid array 全副穿戴；盛装 2  a complete suit of armour 全副盔甲 □ panoplied  adj.   [French panoplie or modern Latin panoplia ‘full armour’ from Greek (as PAN-, oplia from hopla ‘arms’)]

panoptic /pæˈnɒptik/ adj.  showing or seeing the whole at one view 显示全貌的；一目了然的 [Greek panoptos ‘seen by all’, panoptēs ‘all-seeing’]

panorama /pænəˈrɑ:mə/ n.  1  an unbroken view of a surrounding region 全景；全貌 2  a complete survey or presentation of a subject, sequence of events, etc. 概论，概述 3  a picture or photograph containing a wide view 全景画；全景照片 4  a continuous passing scene 连续的景象(事件) □ panoramic  /-ˈræmik/ adj.  □ panoramically  /-ˈræmik(ə)li/ adv.   [PAN- + Greek horama ‘view’ from horaō ‘see’]

pan pipes n. pl.  a musical instrument originally associated with the Greek rural god Pan, made of a series of short pipes graduated in length and fixed together with the mouthpieces in line 排箫(一种管乐器，由长短不一的竹管和金属吹口固定排列而成)

pansy /ˈpænzi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any garden plant of the genus Viola, with flowers of various rich colours 三色堇，三色紫罗兰 2 colloq. offens. [口] [冒犯]  a  an effeminate man 女人气的男子b  a male homosexual 同性恋男子 [French pensée ‘thought, pansy’, from penser ‘think’, from Latin pensare, frequentative of pendere pens- ‘weigh’]

pant1 /pænt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  breathe with short quick breaths 气喘，气促 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter breathlessly 气喘吁吁地说 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  yearn or crave 渴望，切望 4 intr. (of the heart etc.) throb violently (心脏等)剧跳 ●n.  1  a panting breath 气喘，喘息 2  a throb 跳动，悸动 □ pantingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French pantaisier ‘be agitated, gasp’, ultimately from Greek phantasioō ‘cause to imagine’ (as FANTASY)]

pant2 /pænt/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = PANTS  [back-formation from PANTS]

pantalets /pæntəˈlets/ n. pl. (also 亦作 pantalettes) hist. [史义]  1  long underpants worn by women and girls in the 19th c., with a frill at the bottom of each leg (19 世纪女子穿的)宽大长裤 2  women's cycling trousers (妇女骑自行车时穿的)灯笼裤 [diminutive of PANTALOON]

pantaloon /pæntəˈlu:n/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a hist.  men's close-fitting breeches fastened below the calf or at the foot [史义] (男子穿的)马裤；窄裤b colloq.  trousers [口]裤子c  baggy trousers (esp. for women) gathered at the ankles (尤指女子穿的)灯笼裤 2 (作 Pantaloon)  a character in Italian comedy wearing pantaloons (in sense 1a 用于释义 1a) 傻老头(意大利喜剧中常见的穿灯笼裤的角色) [French pantalon from Italian pantalone, a character in Italian comedy]

pantechnicon /pænˈteknik(ə)n/ n. Brit.  a large van for transporting furniture [英]厢式家具搬运车 [PAN- + TECHNIC, originally as the name of a bazaar for all kinds of artistic work, later converted into a furniture warehouse]

pantheism /ˈpænθi:iz(ə)m/ n.  1  the belief that God is identifiable with the forces of nature and with natural substances 泛神论 2  worship that admits or tolerates all gods 泛神崇拜 □ pantheist  n.  □ pantheistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ pantheistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pantheistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [PAN- + Greek theos ‘god’]

pantheon /ˈpænθiən/ n.  1  a building in which illustrious dead are buried or have memorials 伟人纪念堂；先贤祠 2  the deities of a people collectively (某个民族信奉的)众神(总称) 3  a temple dedicated to all the gods, esp. the circular one at Rome (尤指罗马的)万神殿 4  a group of individuals who are admired, respected, or distinguished 卓著人物 [Middle English via Latin from Greek pantheion (as PAN-, theion ‘holy’ from theos ‘god’)]

panther /ˈpænθə/ n.  1  a leopard, esp. with black fur 豹(尤指黑豹) 2 US  a puma [美]美洲狮 [Middle English via Old French pantere and Latin panthera from Greek panthēr]

panties /ˈpæntiz/ n. pl. colloq.  short-legged or legless underpants worn by women and girls [口] (妇女或女孩穿的)短衬裤，内裤 [diminutive of PANTS]

pantihose var.  of PANTYHOSE  PANTYHOSE 的变体

pantile /ˈpæntail/ n.  a roof tile curved to form an S-shaped section, fitted to overlap (S 形适于交搭的)波形瓦 □ pantiled  adj.   [PAN1 + TILE]

panto /ˈpæntəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = PANTOMIME 1  [abbreviation]

panto- /ˈpæntəʊ/ comb. form  all, universal [构词成分]全部，所有，泛 [Greek pas pantos ‘all’]

pantograph /ˈpæntə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  1  an instrument for copying a plan or drawing etc. on a different scale by a system of jointed rods 缩放仪 2  a jointed framework conveying a current to an electric vehicle from overhead wires (电车或电气列车上的)导电弓架 □ pantographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [PANTO- + Greek -graphos ‘writing’]

pantomime /ˈpæntəmaim/ n.  1 Brit.  a theatrical entertainment based on a fairy tale, with music, topical jokes, etc., usu. produced around Christmas [英] (通常在圣诞节期间演出的)童话剧 2  the use of gestures and facial expression to convey meaning, esp. in drama and dance (尤指在戏剧和舞蹈中使用的)表意动作；手势 3 colloq.  an absurd or outrageous piece of behaviour [口]荒唐的行为；无耻的行为 □ pantomimic  /-ˈmimik/ adj.   [French pantomime or Latin pantomimus from Greek pantomimos (as PANTO-, MIME)]

pantothenic acid /pæntə(ʊ)ˈθenik/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex, found in rice, bran, and many other foods, and essential for the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates 泛酸，维生素 B3 ，本多生酸 [Greek pantothen ‘from every side’ with allusion to its widespread occurrence]

pantry /ˈpæntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small room or cupboard in which crockery, cutlery, table linen, etc., are kept 餐具室 2  a larder 食物贮藏室；食物柜 [Middle English from Anglo-French panetrie, Old French paneterie, from panetier ‘baker’, ultimately via Late Latin panarius ‘bread-seller’ from Latin panis ‘bread’]

pantryman /ˈpæntrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a butler or a butler's assistant 司膳总管；司膳总管助理

pants /pæn(t)s/ n. pl.  1 Brit.  underpants or knickers [英]内裤；裤衩 2 N. Amer.  trousers or slacks [北美]裤子；便裤 □ bore (or scare etc.) the pants off  colloq.  bore, scare, etc., to an intolerable degree [口]厌烦透顶；吓得要命□ with one's pants down  colloq.  in an embarrassingly unprepared state [口]处于窘迫状态 [abbreviation of pantaloons (see PANTALOON)]

pants suit n. (also 亦作 pant suit) esp. N. Amer.  a trouser suit [尤北美]裤套装

panty girdle n.  a woman's girdle with a crotch shaped like pants (女子用的)叉式腰带

pantyhose /ˈpæntihəʊz/ n. (also 亦作 pantihose) (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数) esp. N. Amer.  women's usu. sheer tights [尤北美] (女用)连袜裤，连裤袜 [PANTIES + HOSE]

panzer /ˈpænzə/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数) (esp. German) armoured troops (尤指德国)装甲部队 2 (作 attrib.)  heavily armoured 装甲(的)  panzer division  装甲师 [German, = coat of mail]

pap1 /pæp/ n.  1  a  soft or semi-liquid food for infants or invalids (婴儿或病人吃的)软食，半流质食物b  a mash or pulp 糊；浆 2  light or trivial reading matter; nonsense 供消遣(或无价值)的读物；废话 □ pappy  adj.   [Middle English probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch pappe, probably ultimately from Latin pappare ‘eat’]

pap2 /pæp/ n. archaic or dial.  the nipple of a breast [古义] [方]奶头 [Middle English, of Scandinavian origin: ultimately imitative of sucking]

papa /pəˈpɑ:, ˈpɑ:pə/ n. US or archaic  father (esp. as a child's word) [美] [古义]爸爸(尤用于儿语) [French via Late Latin from Greek papas]

papabile /pəˈpɑ:bilei, -li, 意 papaˈbi:le/ adj. Brit.  suitable for high office [英]适合当教皇的 [Italian, = suitable to be pope, from Latin papa ‘pope’]

papacy /ˈpeipəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a pope's office or tenure 教皇职位；教皇任期 2  the papal system 教皇世系 [Middle English from medieval Latin papatia, from papa ‘pope’]

papain /pəˈpeiin, pəˈpaiin/ n.  a protein-digesting enzyme obtained from unripe pawpaws, used to tenderize meat and as a food supplement to aid digestion 木瓜蛋白酶消化剂 [PAPAYA + -IN]

papal /ˈpeip(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a pope or to the papacy 教皇的；与教皇有关的；教皇职位的；与教皇职位有关的 □ papally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin papalis from ecclesiastical Latin papa POPE1]

Papal States n. pl. hist.  the temporal dominions belonging to the Pope, esp. in central Italy [史义] (尤指意大利中部的)教皇的临时辖地

paparazzo /pæpəˈrætsəʊ/ n. (pl. paparazzi /-tsi/)  a freelance photographer who pursues celebrities to get photographs of them 专门追踪报道名人的自由职业摄影师 [Italian, from the name of a character in Fellini's film La Dolce Vita (1960)]

papaveraceous /pəpeivəˈreiʃəs/ adj.  of or relating to the poppy family Papaveraceae 罂粟的；与罂粟有关的 [modern Latin Papaveraceae from Latin papaver ‘poppy’]

papaw var.  of PAWPAW  PAWPAW 的变体

papaya  see 见 PAWPAW 

paper /ˈpeipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances, used for writing or drawing or printing on, or as wrapping material etc. (用于写作、绘画、印刷或包装等的)纸 2 (作 attrib.)  a  made of or using paper 纸质(的)；纸做(的)b  flimsy like paper 薄如纸(的) 3  = NEWSPAPER  4  a  a document printed on paper 公文；文献b (in pl. 用复数)  documents attesting identity or credentials 文件c (in pl. 用复数)  documents belonging to a person or relating to a matter 身份证；证件 5 Commerce 【商业】  a  negotiable documents, e.g. bills of exchange 流通票据(如汇票)b (作 attrib.)  recorded on paper though not existing 有名无实的；理论上的  paper profits  假设可以得到的盈利 6  a  a set of questions to be answered at one session in an examination 考卷，答卷b  the written answers to these 答案 7  = WALLPAPER  8  an essay or dissertation, esp. one read to a learned society or published in a learned journal (尤指在学术会上宣读或刊登在学术刊物上的)文章；论文 9  a piece of paper, esp. as a wrapper etc. 纸(尤指包装纸等) 10 Theatr. slang  free tickets or the people admitted by them 【戏】[俚语]免费入场券；凭免费入场券入场的观众  the house is full of paper  剧场里满是凭赠券入场的观众 ●v. tr.  1  apply paper to, esp. decorate (a wall etc.) with wallpaper (尤指用墙纸)裱糊(墙等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 over)  a  cover (a hole or blemish) with paper (用纸)遮盖，掩饰(漏洞或瑕疵)b  disguise or try to hide (a fault etc.) 隐瞒，掩盖(过错等) 3 Theatr. slang  fill (a theatre) by giving free passes 【戏】[俚语]发免费入场券使(剧院)满座 □ on paper   1  in writing 以书面形式 2  in theory; to judge from written or printed evidence 在理论上；据书面证据□ paperer  n.  □ paperless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French papir, = Old French papier from Latin papyrus: see PAPYRUS]

paperback /ˈpeipəbæk/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a book) bound in stiff paper not boards (书)平装的 ●n.  a paperback book 平装本

paper boy n. (fem. paper girl)  a boy or girl who delivers or sells newspapers 送报男(或女)童；卖报男(或女)童

paperchase /ˈpeipətʃeis/ n.  a cross-country run in which the runners follow a trail marked by torn-up paper 撒纸屑越野追逐游戏

paper clip n.  a clip of bent wire or of plastic for holding several sheets of paper together 回形针

paperhanger /ˈpeipəhæŋɡə/ n.  a person who decorates with wallpaper, esp. professionally (尤指专业的)裱糊匠

paperknife /ˈpeipənaif/ n. (pl. paperknives) Brit.  a blunt knife for opening letters etc. [英]拆信刀(或裁纸刀等)

papermaker /ˈpeipəmeikə/ n.  a person who makes paper for a living 造纸工 □ papermaking  n. & adj.  

paper mill n.  a mill in which paper is made 造纸厂

paper money n.  money in the form of banknotes 纸币

paper mulberry n.  a small Asiatic tree, Broussonetia papyrifera, of the mulberry family, whose bark is used for making paper and cloth 构树(产自亚洲的一种小树，树皮可造纸和织布)

paper nautilus  see 见 NAUTILUS 2 

paper round n. (N. Amer. [北美] paper route)  1  a job of regularly delivering newspapers 定期送报(工作) 2  a route taken doing this 送报路线

paper tape n. Computing  tape made of paper, esp. having holes punched in it for conveying data or instructions to a computer 【计算】(尤指上有小孔、给计算机传输信息的)纸带

paper-thin adj. & adv. ●adj.  very thin; of no substance 薄如纸的；无实质东西的  paper-thin slices  薄片 ●adv.  very thinly 极薄地

paper tiger n.  an apparently threatening, but ineffectual, person or thing 纸老虎(外强中干的人或物)

paperweight /ˈpeipəweit/ n.  a small heavy object for keeping loose papers in place 压纸器；镇纸

paperwork /ˈpeipəwɜ:k/ n.  routine clerical or administrative work 文书工作；行政工作

papery /ˈpeip(ə)ri/ adj.  like paper in thinness or texture (质地、厚薄)如纸的

papier mɑˆché /ˌpæpiei ˈmæʃei/ n.  paper pulp used for moulding into boxes, trays, etc. (用以制纸盒、纸盘等的)纸浆 [French, = chewed paper]

papilionaceous /pəpiliəˈneiʃəs/ adj. Bot. (of a plant or flower) having a corolla resembling a butterfly, as in many leguminous plants 【植】(植物或花)有蝶形花冠的 [modern Latin papilionaceus from Latin papilio -onis ‘butterfly’]

papilla /pəˈpilə/ n. (pl. papillae /-li:/)  1  a small nipple-like protuberance in a part or organ of the body 乳头状小突起；小脓疱 2  a small fleshy projection on a plant (植物上的)乳突状物 □ papillary  adj.  □ papillate  /ˈpæpileit, pəˈpilət/ adj.  □ papillose  /ˈpæpiləʊs/ adj.   [Latin, = nipple, diminutive of papula: see PAPULE]

papilloma /pæpiˈləʊmə/ n. (pl. papillomas or papillomata /-mətə/)  a wartlike usu. benign tumour 乳头状瘤

papillon /ˈpæpilɒn, ˈpæpijɒ˜/ n.  1  a toy dog of a breed with ears suggesting the form of a butterfly 蝶耳长毛玩赏狗 2  this breed 蝶耳长毛玩赏狗种 [French, = butterfly, from Latin papilio -onis]

papist /ˈpeipist/ n. & adj. often derog. [常贬] ●n.  1  a Roman Catholic 罗马天主教徒 2 hist.  an advocate of papal supremacy [史义]教皇最高地位的鼓吹者 ●adj.  of or relating to Roman Catholics 罗马天主教的；与罗马天主教有关的 □ papism  n.  □ papistic  /pəˈpistik/ adj.  □ papistical  /pəˈpistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ papistry  n.   [French papiste or modern Latin papista from ecclesiastical Latin papa POPE1]

papoose /pəˈpu:s/ n.  a young N. American Indian child 北美印第安人的婴儿 [Algonquian]

pappus /ˈpæpəs/ n. (pl. pappi /-pai, -pi:/)  a group of hairs on the fruit of thistles, dandelions, etc. (蓟科植物或蒲公英果实及小花上的)冠毛 □ pappose  adj.   [Latin from Greek pappos]

pappy /ˈpæpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a child's word for father (儿语)爸爸

paprika /ˈpæprikə, pəˈpri:kə/ n.  1 Bot.  a red pepper 【植】红辣椒 2  a condiment made from it 辣椒粉 [Hungarian]

Pap test /pæp/ n. (also 亦作 pap test)  a test carried out on a cervical smear to detect cancer of the cervix or womb 帕帕尼科拉乌试验(早期子宫癌或颈癌的涂片检查) [named after G. N. Papanicolaou, US scientist d. 1962]

Papuan /ˈpæpuən/ adj. & n.  巴布亚新几内亚的(人)

Papua New Guinea   巴布亚新几内亚

papule /ˈpæpju:l/ n. (also 亦作 papula /-jʊlə/; pl. papulae /-jʊli:/ or papulas)  1  a pimple 丘疹 2  a small fleshy projection on a plant (植物上的)乳突状物 □ papular  adj.  □ papulose  adj.  □ papulous  adj.   [Latin papula]

papyrology /pæpiˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of ancient papyri 纸草学(研究古代莎草纸上的文献的一门学科) □ papyrological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ papyrologist  n.  

papyrus /pəˈpairəs/ n. (pl. papyri /-rai, -ri:/)  1  an aquatic plant, Cyperus papyrus, with dark green stems topped with fluffy inflorescences 纸莎草；大伞莎草 2  a  a writing material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of this (古埃及的)莎草纸b  a document written on this (莎草纸上的)文献 [Middle English via Latin from Greek papuros]

par1 /pɑ:/ n.  1  the average or normal amount, degree, condition, etc. 一般标准(或水平、程度等)  feel below par  感觉不好 be up to par  达到一般水平 2  equality; an equal status or footing 同等；同等地位  on a par with  与…相同 3 Golf  the number of strokes a first-class player should normally require for a hole or course 【高尔夫球】规定击球次数；(一球或一场球的)标准杆数 4 Stock Exch.  the face value of stocks and shares etc. 【股】(证券与股票等的)面值  at par  按照面值 5 (in full 全称 par of exchange)  the recognized value of one country's currency in terms of another's 汇兑平价 □ above (or below) par  Stock Exch.  at a premium (or discount) 【股】高于(或低于)面值；高于(或低于)一般水平□ at par  Stock Exch.  at face value 【股】按照面值□ par for the course  colloq.  what is normal or expected in any given circumstances [口]意料之中的事 [Latin (adj. & n.) = equal, equality]

par2 /pɑ:/ n. Brit. esp. Journalism colloq. [英] (尤)【新闻学】[口]  paragraph  [abbreviation]

par- /pər, pær, pɑ:/ prefix var.  of PARA-1 before a vowel or h  paraldehyde  三聚乙醛 parody  拙劣的模仿 parhelion  幻日 PARA-1 的变体，用在元音字母或 h 之前

par. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 para.)  paragraph 

para /ˈpærə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a paratrooper 伞兵 2  a paragraph 段落 [abbreviation]

para-1 /ˈpærə/ prefix (also 亦作 par-)  1  beside, adjacent to (parathyroid 甲状腺旁的) 旁，侧，邻近 2  beyond or distinct from, but analogous to (paramilitary 准军事的 ; paranormal 超常的) 超，副，辅助，相似 3 Chem. 【化】 (usu. in italics 通常用斜体)  relating to diametrically opposite carbon atoms in a benzene ring (paradichlorobenzene 对二氯苯) 对(位)，聚，仲 [from or suggested by Greek para- from para ‘beside, past, beyond’]

para-2 /ˈpærə/ comb. form  protect, ward off (parachute 降落伞 ; parasol 女用遮阳伞) [构词成分]保护，庇护 [French via Italian from Latin parare ‘defend’]

parabiosis /pærəbaiˈəʊsis/ n. Biol.  the natural or artificial joining of two individuals 【生】并生；异种共生 □ parabiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin, formed as PARA-1 + Greek biōsis ‘mode of life’ from bios ‘life’]

parable /ˈpærəb(ə)l/ n.  1  a narrative of imagined events used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson (具有道德或精神训诫的)寓言 2  an allegory 喻寓 [Middle English via Old French parabole from a Late Latin sense ‘allegory, discourse’ of Latin parabola ‘comparison’]

parabola /pəˈræb(ə)lə/ n. (pl. parabolas or parabolae /-li:/)  a symmetrical open plane curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to its side, resembling the path of a projectile under the action of gravity 抛物线 [modern Latin from Greek parabolē ‘placing side by side, comparison’ (as PARA-1, bolē ‘a throw’ from ballō)]

parabolic /pærəˈbɒlik/ adj.  1  of or expressed in a parable 以寓言形式表达的 2  of or like a parabola 抛物线的；似抛物线的 □ parabolically  adv.   [Late Latin parabolicus from Greek parabolikos (as PARABOLA)]

parabolical /pærəˈbɒlik(ə)l/ adj.  = PARABOLIC 1 

paraboloid /pəˈræb(ə)lɔid/ n.  1 (in full 全称 paraboloid of revolution)  a solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis of symmetry 旋转抛物面 2  a solid having two or more non-parallel parabolic cross-sections 抛物面反射体 □ paraboloidal  adj.  

paracetamol /pærəˈsi:təmɒl, -ˈset-/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a drug used to relieve pain and reduce fever 扑热息痛，醋氨酚(一种解热镇痛药) 2  a tablet of this 扑热息痛片 [para-acetylaminophenol]

parachronism /pəˈrækrəniz(ə)m/ n.  an error in chronology, esp. by assigning too late a date (尤指迟于正确日期的)年代记时错误 [PARA-1 + Greek khronos ‘time’, perhaps suggested by anachronism]

parachute /ˈpærəʃu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rectangular or umbrella-shaped apparatus allowing a person or heavy object attached to it to descend slowly from a height, esp. from an aircraft, or to retard motion in other ways 降落伞 2 (作 attrib.)  dropped or to be dropped by parachute 跳伞；用降落伞空投  parachute troops  伞兵部队 parachute flare  伞投照明弹 ●v. tr. & intr.  convey or descend by parachute 伞降；伞投 [French (as PARA-2, CHUTE1)]

parachutist /ˈpærəʃu:tist/ n.  1  a person who uses a parachute 跳伞者；伞兵 2 (in pl. 用复数)  parachute troops 伞兵部队

Paraclete /ˈpærəkli:t/ n.  the Holy Spirit as advocate or counsellor (John 14:16, 26, etc.) 圣灵 [Middle English via Old French paraclet and Late Latin paracletus from Greek paraklētos ‘called in aid’ (as PARA-1, klētos from kaleō ‘call’)]

parade /pəˈreid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a formal or ceremonial muster of troops for inspection (军队等的)阅兵b  = PARADE GROUND  2  a public procession 游行 3  ostentatious display 炫示；夸耀  made a parade of their wealth  炫耀他们的财富 4 Brit.  a public square, promenade, or row of shops [英]广场；散步场所；商业街 ●v.  1 intr.  assemble for parade 游行 2  a tr.  march through (streets etc.) in procession 在(街道上等)列队行进b intr.  march ceremonially 列队行进 3 tr.  display ostentatiously 炫耀 □ on parade   1  taking part in a parade 参加游行 2  on display 展示□ parader  n.   [French, = show, from Spanish parada and Italian parata, ultimately from Latin parare ‘prepare, furnish’]

parade ground n.  a place for the muster of troops 阅兵场

paradiddle /ˈpærədid(ə)l/ n.  one of the rudiments of drumming, consisting of four beats played in the pattern left right left left or right left right right (鼓的)咚咚哒哒声 [imitative]

paradigm /ˈpærədaim/ n.  1  an example or pattern, esp. one underlying a theory or methodology (尤指展示某理论或方法论的)范例，示例 2  a representative set of the inflections of a noun, verb, etc. (名词、动词等的)词形变化表 □ paradigmatic  /-diɡˈmætik/ adj.  □ paradigmatically  /-diɡˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin paradigma from Greek paradeigma, from paradeiknumi ‘show side by side’ (as PARA-1, deiknumi ‘show’)]

paradigm shift n.  a fundamental change (in approach, philosophy, etc.) (方法、人生观等的)根本改变

paradise /ˈpærədais/ n.  1 (in some religions) heaven as the ultimate abode of the just (某些宗教中的)天堂，天国 2  a place or state of complete happiness 乐园；极乐地 3 (in full 全称 earthly paradise)  the abode of Adam and Eve in the biblical account of the Creation; the garden of Eden 伊甸园(《圣经》中的人类始祖亚当和夏娃的家园) □ paradisaical  /-diˈseiik(ə)l/ adj.  □ paradisal  /pærəˈdais(ə)l/ adj.  □ paradisiacal  /-diˈsaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ paradisical  /-ˈdisik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French paradis, Late Latin paradisus, and Greek paradeisos from Avestan pairidaēza ‘park’]

parador /ˈpærədɔ:/ n. (pl. paradors or paradores /-dɔ:rez/)  a hotel owned and administered by the Spanish government (西班牙政府拥有并管理的)旅馆 [Spanish]

parados /ˈpærədɒs/ n.  an elevation of earth behind a fortified place as a protection against attack from the rear, esp. a mound along the back of a trench 背墙(在堑壕或掩体后构筑的防护土垛，以免从后面受到攻击) [French (as PARA-2, dos ‘back’ from Latin dorsum)]

paradox /ˈpærədɒks/ n.  1  a  a seemingly absurd or contradictory statement, even if actually well-founded 似非而是的说法b  a self-contradictory or essentially absurd statement 自相矛盾(或荒谬的)说法 2  a person or thing conflicting with a preconceived notion of what is reasonable or possible (与预先设想相)矛盾的人(或事) 3  a paradoxical quality or character 矛盾的品质(或性格) [originally = a statement contrary to accepted opinion, from Late Latin paradoxum from Greek paradoxon neut. adj. used as a noun (as PARA-1, doxa ‘opinion’)]

paradoxical /pærəˈdɒksik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like or involving paradox 似非而是的；自相矛盾的；荒谬的 2  fond of paradox 惯用矛盾说法的 □ paradoxically  adv.  

paraesthesia /pærisˈθi:ziə/ n. (US [美] paresthesia) (pl. -siae /-zii:/) (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) Med.  abnormal sensations caused esp. by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves 【医】(尤指受压或周围神经受损所引起的)感觉异常 [PARA-1 + Greek aisthēsis ‘sensation’ + -IA1]

paraffin /ˈpærəfin/ n.  1 Brit.  an inflammable waxy or oily substance obtained by distillation from petroleum or shale, used in liquid form (also 亦作 paraffin oil) esp. as a fuel [英]煤油，火油 2 Chem. 【化】  = ALKANE  [German, from Latin parum ‘little’ + affinis ‘related’, from its low reactivity]

paraffin wax n.  paraffin in its solid form 石蜡

paragliding /ˈpærəɡlaidiŋ/ n.  a sport resembling hang-gliding, using a wide parachute-like canopy attached to the body by a harness, allowing a person to glide after jumping from or being hauled to a height 翼伞滑翔 □ paraglide  v. intr.  □ paraglider  n.  

paragoge /pærəˈɡəʊdʒi/ n.  the addition of a letter or syllable to a word in some contexts or as a language develops (e.g. t in peasant) 词尾附加音(如 peasant 中的 t) □ paragogic  /-ˈɡɒdʒik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek paragōgē ‘derivation’ (as PARA-1, agōgē from agō ‘lead’)]

paragon /ˈpærəɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a model of excellence 模范；典型b  a supremely excellent person or thing 十分优秀的人(或物) 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a model (of virtue etc.) (美德等的)典范 3  a perfect diamond of 100 carats or more (100 克拉以上的)无瑕钻石 [obsolete French via Italian paragone ‘touchstone’ from medieval Greek parakonē ‘whetstone’]

paragraph /ˈpærəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinct section of a piece of writing, beginning on a new usu. indented line (文章的)段落 2  a symbol (usu. 通常用 ¶) used to mark a new paragraph, and also as a reference mark 段落符号；参照符号 3  a short item in a newspaper, usu. of only one paragraph (报刊上通常只有一段的)短文，短讯 ●v. tr.  arrange (a piece of writing) in paragraphs 将(文章)分段 □ paragraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [French paragraphe or medieval Latin paragraphus from Greek paragraphos ‘short stroke marking a break in sense’ (as PARA-1, graphō ‘write’)]

Paraguay   巴拉圭

Paraguayan /ˌpærəˈgwaiən/ adj. & n.  巴拉圭的(人)

parakeet /ˈpærəki:t/ n.  any of various small usu. long-tailed parrots 长尾小鹦鹉 [Old French paroquet, Italian parrocchetto, Spanish periquito, perhaps ultimately from diminutive of Pierre etc. ‘Peter’: cf. PARROT]

paralanguage /ˈpærəlæŋɡwidʒ/ n.  elements or factors in communication that are ancillary to language proper, e.g. intonation and gesture 副语言，辅助语言(如语调、手势等)

paraldehyde /pəˈrældihaid/ n. Chem. & Pharm.  a cyclic polymer of acetaldehyde, used as a narcotic and sedative 【化】【药】仲醛，三聚乙醛(用作麻醉剂和镇静剂) [PARA-1 (PAR-) + ALDEHYDE]

paralegal /pærəˈli:ɡ(ə)l/ adj. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●adj.  of or relating to auxiliary aspects of the law 辅助律师业务的；与辅助律师业务有关的 ●n.  a person trained in subsidiary legal matters 律师的专职助手 [PARA-1 + LEGAL]

paralipomena /pærəliˈpɒminə/ n. pl. (also 亦作 paraleipomena /-laiˈpɒminə/)  1  things omitted from a work and added as a supplement 补遗 2 Bibl.  the books of Chronicles in the Old Testament, containing particulars omitted from Kings 【圣经】(《圣经·旧约》中的)《历代志》 [Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek paraleipomena, from paraleipō ‘omit’ (as PARA-1, leipō ‘leave’)]

paralipsis /pærəˈlipsis/ n. (also 亦作 paraleipsis /-ˈlaipsis/) (pl. -ses /-si:z/) Rhet. 【修】  1  the device of giving emphasis by professing to say little or nothing of a subject, as in not to mention their unpaid debts of several millions 假省笔法(省略重要部分反而起强调作用的方法，如 not to mention their unpaid debts of several millions (且不说他们有几百万未偿还的债务)) 2  an instance of this 假省笔法的例子 [Late Latin from Greek paraleipsis ‘passing over’ (as PARA-1, leipsis from leipō ‘leave’)]

parallax /ˈpærəlæks/ n.  1  the apparent difference in the position or direction of an object when viewed from different positions, e.g. through the viewfinder and the lens of a camera (因观察位置的改变而引起明显不同的)视差 2  the angular amount of this 视差量 □ parallactic  /-ˈlæktik/ adj.   [French parallaxe via modern Latin parallaxis from Greek parallaxis ‘change’, from parallassō ‘to alternate’ (as PARA-1, allassō ‘exchange’ from allos ‘other’)]

parallel /ˈpærəlel/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of lines or planes) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them (线或面)平行的b (foll. by 后跟 to, with) (of a line or plane) having this relation (to another) (线或面)与(另一线或面)相平行的 2 (of circumstances etc.) precisely similar, analogous, or corresponding (情况等)相同的，类似的；相应的 3  a (of processes etc.) occurring or performed simultaneously (进程等)同时发生(或运作)的b Computing  involving the simultaneous performance of operations 【计算】并行的 ●n.  1  a person or thing precisely analogous or equal to another 极相同(或相似的)人(或物) 2  a comparison 对比，比较  drew a parallel between the two situations  将这两种形势进行比较 3 (in full 全称 parallel of latitude) Geog. 【地理】  a  each of the imaginary parallel circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface 纬度圈；平行圈b  a corresponding line on a map (地图上的)纬线  the 49th parallel  49 号纬线 4 Printing  two parallel lines (‖) as a reference mark 【印刷】(‖)作为参照符号 ●v. tr. (paralleled, paralleling)  1  be parallel to; correspond to 与…平行；与…相应 2  represent as similar; compare 与…相似；比较 3  adduce as a parallel instance 举出…作为相比拟的例子 □ in parallel  (of electric circuits) arranged so as to join at common points at each end (电路)并联□ parallelism  n.   [French parallèle via Latin parallelus from Greek parallēlos (as PARA-1, allēlos ‘one another’)]

parallel bars n. pl.  a pair of parallel rails on posts for gymnastics 双杠

parallelepiped /ˌpærəleləˈpaiped, pærəleˈlepiped/ n. Geom.  a solid body of which each face is a parallelogram 【几】平行六面体 [Greek parallēlepipedon (as PARALLEL, epipedon ‘plane surface’)]

parallelogram /pærəˈleləɡræm/ n.  a four-sided plane rectilinear figure with opposite sides parallel 平行四边形 □ parallelogram of forces   1  a parallelogram illustrating the theorem that if two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by two sides of a parallelogram meeting at that point, their resultant is represented by the diagonal drawn from that point 力的平行四边形 2  this theorem 力的平行四边形定理 [French parallélogramme via Late Latin parallelogrammum from Greek parallēlogrammon (as PARALLEL, grammē ‘line’)]

parallel parking n.  the parking of a vehicle or vehicles parallel to the roadside (与路边)平行停车

paralogism /pəˈrælədʒiz(ə)m/ n. Logic 【逻辑学】  1  a fallacy 谬论 2  illogical reasoning (esp. of which the reasoner is unconscious) (尤指推理人未意识到的)不合逻辑的推论 □ paralogist  n.  □ paralogize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French paralogisme via Late Latin paralogismus from Greek paralogismos, via paralogizomai ‘reason falsely’ from paralogos ‘contrary to reason’ (as PARA-1, logos ‘reason’)]

Paralympics /pærəˈlimpiks/ n. pl.  an international athletic competition for disabled athletes 残疾人奥运会 □ Paralympic  attrib. adj.   [PARAPLEGIC (see PARAPLEGIA) + OLYMPIC]

paralyse /ˈpærəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] paralyze)  1  affect with paralysis 使瘫痪 2  render powerless; cripple 使无力；使丧失活动能力 3  bring to a standstill 使呆若木鸡；使惊愕 □ paralysation  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ paralysingly  adv.   [French paralyser from paralysie: cf. PALSY]

paralysis /pəˈrælisis/ n. (pl. paralyses /-si:z/)  1  a nervous condition with impairment or loss of esp. the motor function of the nerves (尤指神经失去运动功能的)瘫痪 2  a state of utter powerlessness 完全无力 [Latin from Greek paralusis, from paraluō ‘disable’ (as PARA-1, luō ‘loosen’)]

paralytic /pærəˈlitik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  affected by paralysis 瘫痪的 2 esp. Brit. slang  very drunk [尤英] [俚语]酩酊大醉的 ●n.  a person affected by paralysis 瘫痪病人 □ paralytically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French paralytique and Latin paralyticus from Greek paralutikos (as PARALYSIS)]

paramagnetic /pærəmæɡˈnetik/ adj. (of a body or substance) tending to become weakly magnetized so as to lie parallel to a magnetic field force (物体或物质)顺磁的，顺磁体的 □ paramagnetism  /-ˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m/ n.  

Paramaribo /ˌpærəˈmæribəu/ n.  帕拉马里博 [苏里南首都]

paramatta var.  of PARRAMATTA  PARRAMATTA 的变体

paramecium /pærəˈmi:siəm/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] paramoecium)  any freshwater protozoan of the genus Paramecium, of a characteristic slipper-like shape covered with cilia 草履虫 [modern Latin, from Greek paramēkēs ‘oval’ (as PARA-1, mēkos ‘length’)]

paramedic /pærəˈmedik/ n.  a paramedical worker 医务辅助人员

paramedical /pærəˈmedik(ə)l/ adj. (of services etc.) supplementing and supporting medical work (服务等)辅助医务的

parameter /pəˈræmitə/ n.  1 Math.  a quantity constant in the case considered but varying in different cases 【数】参数；参量 2  a  an (esp. measurable or quantifiable) characteristic or feature (尤指可计量或衡量的)特点，特性  the three major parameters of colour - brightness, hue, and saturation  颜色的 3 大特性——亮度、色彩和章度b disp. (loosely) a constant element or factor, esp. serving as a limit or boundary [异议] (尤指作为限制或界限的不严格的)限度；界限  within the parameters of the inquiry  在询问的范围内 □ parametric  /pærəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ parametrize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin, from Greek para ‘beside’ + metron ‘measure’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of parameter in sense 2b is a popular dilution of the word's meaning, probably influenced by perimeter. Although very common, it is frowned upon by some people. 或许受 perimeter 的影响，在使用 parameter 释义 2b 时，大都淡化了其词义。虽然这种用法很常见，但有些人对此仍不赞同。 

paramilitary /pærəˈmilit(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of forces) organized similarly to military forces (武装力量)准军事部队的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a member of an unofficial paramilitary organization, esp. in Northern Ireland (尤指北爱尔兰的)准军事组织成员

paramnesia /pærəmˈni:zjə/ n. Psychol. 【心】  = DÉJÀ VU  [PARA-1 + AMNESIA]

paramo /ˈpærəməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a high treeless plateau in tropical S. America (南美洲热带的)高山无树草原 [Spanish & Portuguese, from Latin paramus]

paramoecium Brit. var.  of PARAMECIUM [英] PARAMECIUM 的变体

paramount /ˈpærəmaʊnt/ adj.  1  supreme; requiring first consideration; pre-eminent 至高无上的；最重要的；卓越的  of paramount importance  至关重要的 2  in supreme authority 最高权利的 □ paramountcy  n.  □ paramountly  adv.   [Anglo-French paramont, from Old French par ‘by’ + amont ‘above’: cf. AMOUNT]

paramour /ˈpærəmʊə/ n. archaic or derog.  an illicit lover of a married person [古义] [贬] (已婚者的)情夫；情妇 [Middle English from Old French par amour ‘by love’]

parang /ˈpɑ:ræŋ, ˈpær-/ n.  a large heavy Malayan knife used for clearing vegetation etc. (产于马来亚的大而重的用于清除植物等的)帕兰刀 [Malay]

paranoia /pærəˈnɔiə/ n.  1  a mental disorder esp. characterized by delusions of persecution and self-importance 妄想症；偏执狂 2  an abnormal tendency to suspect and mistrust others 多疑症 □ paranoiac  adj. & n.  □ paranoiacally  adv.  □ paranoic  /-ˈnəʊik, -ˈnɔiik/ adj.  □ paranoically  /-ˈnəʊik(ə)li, -ˈnɔiik(ə)li/ adv.  □ paranoid  /ˈpærənɔid/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek, from paranoos ‘distracted’ (as PARA-1, noos ‘mind’)]

paranormal /pærəˈnɔ:m(ə)l/ adj.  beyond the scope of normal objective investigation or explanation 超出科学调查(或解释)范围的 □ paranormally  adv.  

parapet /ˈpærəpit/ n.  1  a low wall at the edge of a roof, balcony, etc., or along the sides of a bridge (屋顶、阳台或桥梁等边上的)低矮护墙；女儿墙 2  a defence of earth or stone to conceal and protect troops (起掩护作用的土质或石质的)胸墙 □ parapeted  adj.   [French parapet or Italian parapetto ‘breast-high wall’ (as PARA-2, petto ‘breast’ from Latin pectus)]

paraph /ˈpæræf/ n.  a flourish after a signature, originally as a precaution against forgery (用以防止伪造的签字后的)花笔，花押 [Middle English via French paraphe from medieval Latin paraphus for paragraphus PARAGRAPH]

paraphernalia /pærəfəˈneiliə/ n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  miscellaneous belongings, items of equipment, accessories, etc. 随身用具；随身装备和器材 [originally = property owned by a married woman, from medieval Latin via Late Latin parapherna from Greek parapherna ‘property apart from a dowry’ (as PARA-1, pherna from phernē ‘dower’)]

paraphrase /ˈpærəfreiz/ n. & v. ●n.  a free rendering or rewording of a passage (对一段文字的)意译，改述 ●v. tr.  express the meaning of (a passage) in other words 将(一段文字)改述(或意译) □ paraphrastic  /-ˈfræstik/ adj.   [French paraphrase or Latin paraphrasis from Greek paraphrasis, from paraphrazō (as PARA-1, phrazō ‘tell’)]

paraplegia /pærəˈpli:dʒə/ n.  paralysis of the legs and part or the whole of the trunk 下体截瘫 □ paraplegic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin from Greek paraplēgia, from paraplēssō (as PARA-1, plēssō ‘strike’)]

parapsychology /pærəsaiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of mental phenomena outside the sphere of ordinary psychology (hypnosis, telepathy, etc.) 心理玄学，通灵学 □ parapsychological  /-saikəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ parapsychologist  n.  

paraquat /ˈpærəkwɒt, -kwæt/ n.  a toxic fast-acting herbicide, rapidly deactivated by the soil 百草枯(一种强力除草剂) [PARA-1 + QUATERNARY (from the position of the bond between the two parts of the molecule relative to quaternary nitrogen atoms)]

parasailing /ˈpærəseiliŋ/ n.  a sport in which participants wearing open parachutes glide through the air attached to the back of a motor boat (由汽艇等牵引在空中滑翔的)帆伞运动 □ parasail  v. intr. & n.  

parascending /ˈpærəsendiŋ/ n. Brit. [英]  = PARAGLIDING, PARASAILING  □ parascend  v. intr.  □ parascender  n.  

paraselene /pærəsiˈli:ni/ n. (pl. paraselenae /-ni:/)  a bright spot, esp. an image of the moon, on a lunar halo Also called 亦称作 mock moon 幻月；假月 [modern Latin (as PARA-1, Greek selēnē ‘moon’)]

parasite /ˈpærəsait/ n.  1  an organism living in or on another and benefiting at the expense of the other 寄生生物；寄生虫 2  a person who lives off or exploits another or others 靠他人为生的人；食客，清客 3 Philol.  an inorganic sound or letter developing from an adjacent one 【语文】寄生音；寄生字母 □ parasitic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.  □ parasitical  /-ˈsitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ parasitically  /-ˈsitik(ə)li/ adv.  □ parasiticide  /-ˈsitisaid/ n.  □ parasitism  n.  □ parasitology  /-ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  □ parasitologist  /-ˈtɒlədʒist/ n.   [Latin parasitus from Greek parasitos ‘a person who eats at another's table’ (as PARA-1, sitos ‘food’)]

parasitize /ˈpærəsaitaiz, -si-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  infest as a parasite 寄生感染 □ parasitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

parasitoid /ˈpærəsitɔid/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  an insect whose larvae live as parasites which eventually kill their hosts, e.g. an ichneumon wasp 拟寄生物(如胡蜂) ●adj.  of, relating to, or designating such an insect. 拟寄生物的；与拟寄生物有关的 [PARASITE + -OID]

parasol /ˈpærəsɒl/ n.  1  a light umbrella used to give shade from the sun 太阳伞 2 (in full 全称 parasol mushroom)  a tall fungus of the genus Lepiota with a broad shaggy domed cap, esp. the edible L. procera 小伞菌属蘑菇；(尤指可食用的)高脚小伞菌 [French from Italian parasole (as PARA-2, sole ‘sun’ from Latin sol)]

parastatal /pærəˈsteit(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an industrial organization etc.) having some political authority and serving the State indirectly, esp. in some African countries 半国营的(尤指一些非洲国家中的工业组织) ●n.  a parastatal organization 半国营组织 [PARA-1 + STATE n. + -AL]

parasuicide /pærəˈsu:isaid, -ˈsju:-/ n. Psychol. 【心】  1  apparent attempted suicide without the actual intention of killing oneself 类(副)自杀 2  a person who has carried out or is considered likely to carry out such action 类(副)自杀者

parasympathetic /ˌpærəsimpəˈθetik/ adj. Anat.  of or relating to the part of the automatic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from the brain and the lower end of the spinal cord that supply the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balance the action of the sympathetic nerves (cf. 参见 SYMPATHETIC 9) 【解】副交感(神经系统)的 [PARA-1 + SYMPATHETIC, because some of these nerves run alongside sympathetic nerves]

parasynthesis /pærəˈsinθisis/ n. Philol.  a derivation from a compound, e.g. black-eyed from black eye(s) + -ed 【语文】双重构词法(从复合词再造派生词，如由 black 和 eye(s) 复合成 black-eye, 再加 -ed 派生出 black-eyed) □ parasynthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [Greek parasunthesis (as PARA-1, SYNTHESIS)]

parataxis /pærəˈtæksis/ n. Gram.  the placing of clauses etc. one after another, without words to indicate coordination or subordination (e.g. 如 Tell me, how are you? 告诉我，你好吗？) 【语法】并列结构，并列 □ paratactic  /-ˈtæktik/ adj.  □ paratactically  /-ˈtæktik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek parataxis (as PARA-1, taxis ‘arrangement’ from tassō ‘arrange’)]

paratha /pəˈrɑ:tə/ n. (in esp. Indian cookery) a piece of flat unleavened bread fried on a griddle 布拉他薄饼(一种印度面食，不发酵，在平底锅内煎后食用) [Hindi parɑˉthɑˉ]

parathion /pærəˈθaiən/ n.  a highly toxic organic compound of phosphorus and sulphur used as an agricultural insecticide 拍拉息昂，对硫磷，硝苯硫磷酯，一六○五(用作农业杀虫剂) [PARA-1 + THIO- + -ON]

parathyroid /pærəˈθairɔid/ n. & adj. Anat. 【解】  ●n.  a gland next to the thyroid, secreting a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the body 甲状旁腺(紧贴甲状腺背面，分泌甲状旁腺激素，调节体内钙浓度) ●adj.  of or associated with this gland 甲状旁腺的；与甲状旁腺有关的

paratrooper /ˈpærətru:pə/ n.  a member of a body of paratroops 伞兵

paratroops /ˈpærətru:ps/ n. pl.  troops equipped to be dropped by parachute from aircraft 伞兵部队，空降部队 □ paratroop  attrib. adj.   [contraction of PARACHUTE + TROOP]

paratyphoid /pærəˈtaifɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fever resembling typhoid but caused by various different though related bacteria 副伤寒(病情似伤寒但较轻，病原菌与伤寒的病原菌不同) ●adj.  of, relating to, or caused by this fever 副伤寒的；与副伤寒有关的；由副伤寒引起的

paravane /ˈpærəvein/ n.  a torpedo-shaped device towed at a depth regulated by its vanes or planes, used esp. for cutting the moorings of submerged mines 扫雷器；破雷卫(尤用于切断水雷系具装置)

par avion /pɑ:r æˈvjɒ˜, 法 par avjɔ˜/ adv.  by airmail 航空邮寄 [French, = by aeroplane]

parboil /ˈpɑ:bɔil/ v. tr.  partly cook by boiling 把…煮成半熟 [Middle English via Old French parbo(u)illir from Late Latin perbullire ‘boil thoroughly’ (as PER-, bullire ‘boil’: confused with PART)]

parbuckle /ˈpɑ:bʌk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a rope arranged like a sling, for raising or lowering casks and cylindrical objects (拉上或放下大桶等的)套拉绳 ●v. tr.  raise or lower with this 用套拉绳拉升(或放下) [earlier parbunkle, of unknown origin: associated with BUCKLE]

parcel /ˈpɑ:s(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  goods etc. wrapped up in a single package 包裹；小包b  a bundle of things wrapped up, usu. in paper (尤指用纸包裹的)包 2  a piece of land, esp. as part of an estate (尤指作为产业一部分的)一块土地 3  a quantity dealt with in one commercial transaction (商品的)一宗；一批 4 archaic  part [古义]部分 ●v. tr. (parcelled, parcelling; US [美] parceled, parceling)  1 (foll. by 后跟 up)  wrap as a parcel 把…捆成包裹 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  divide into portions 把…分成若干部分 3  cover (rope) with strips of canvas 用帆布条包(绳索) □ part and parcel   see 见 PART  [Middle English from Old French parcelle, ultimately from Latin particula (as PART)]

parcel post n.  the branch of the postal service dealing with parcels 包裹邮递

parch /pɑ:tʃ/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become hot and dry 使干透；变得燥热 2 tr.  roast (peas, corn, etc.) slightly 烘，烤(豆类、谷物等) [Middle English perch, parche, of unknown origin]

parched /pɑ:tʃt/ adj.  1  hot and dry; dried out with heat 干透的；燥热的 2 colloq.  thirsty [口]口渴的

parchment /ˈpɑ:tʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  an animal skin, esp. that of a sheep or goat, prepared as a writing or painting surface (尤指书写或印刷用的)羊皮纸b  a manuscript written on this 羊皮纸文稿 2 (in full 全称 vegetable parchment)  high-grade paper made to resemble parchment 仿羊皮纸(一种高级纸) [Middle English from Old French parchemin, ultimately a blend of Late Latin pergamina ‘writing material from Pergamum’ (in Asia Minor) with Parthica pellis ‘Parthian skin’ (leather)]

parclose /ˈpɑ:kləʊz/ n.  a screen or railing in a church, separating a side chapel (教堂里分隔祭坛、小教堂等用的)屏障；栏杆 [Middle English from Old French parclos -ose, past part. of parclore ‘enclose’]

pard /pɑ:d/ n. archaic or poet.  a leopard [古义] [诗]豹 [Middle English via Old French and Latin pardus from Greek pardos]

pardalote /ˈpɑ:dələʊt/ n.  any small brightly coloured Australian bird of the genus Pardalotus, with spotted plumage Also called 亦称作 diamond-bird 钻石鸟(一种产自澳大利亚、羽毛艳丽的小鸟) [modern Latin Pardalotus from Greek pardalōtos ‘spotted like a leopard’ (as PARD)]

pardner /ˈpɑ:dnə/ n. US dial. or joc.  a partner or comrade [美方] [诙]伙伴，朋友 [corruption]

pardon /ˈpɑ:d(ə)n/ n., v. & int. ●n.  1  the act of excusing or forgiving an offence, error, etc. 原谅；宽恕 2 (in full 全称 free pardon) Brit.  a remission of the legal consequences of a crime or conviction [英]赦免 3 RC Ch.  an indulgence 【天主教】免罪 ●v. tr.  1  release from the consequences of an offence, error, etc. 赦免 2  forgive or excuse a person for (an offence etc.) 原谅；宽恕，饶恕 3  make (esp. courteous) allowances for; excuse (尤指有礼貌地)为…着想；为…开脱 ●int. (also 亦作 pardon me or I beg your pardon)  1  a formula of apology or disagreement (道歉或不同意的礼貌用语)对不起，请原谅 2  a request to a speaker to repeat something said 要求重复一遍 □ pardonable  adj.  □ pardonably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French pardun, pardoner from medieval Latin perdonare ‘concede, remit’ (as PER-, donare ‘give’)]

pardoner /ˈpɑ:d(ə)nə/ n. hist.  a person licensed to sell papal pardons or indulgences [史义]获准出售天主教免罪符的人 [Middle English from Anglo-French (as PARDON)]

pare /pɛə/ v. tr.  1  a  trim or shave (esp. fruit and vegetables) by cutting away the surface or edge 削，剥(尤指水果和蔬菜的皮)b (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  cut off (the surface or edge) 修掉(皮或边) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down)  diminish little by little 削减；减小 □ parer  n.   [Middle English via Old French parer ‘adorn, peel (fruit)’, from Latin parare ‘prepare’]

paregoric /pæriˈɡɒrik/ n. (in full 全称 paregoric elixir) hist.  a camphorated tincture of opium used to reduce pain [史义]樟脑阿片酊(用作止痛剂) [Late Latin paregoricus from Greek parēgorikos ‘soothing’ (as PARA-1, -agoros ‘speaking’ from agora ‘assembly’)]

pareira /pəˈrɛərə/ n.  a drug from the root of a Brazilian shrub, Chondrodendron tomentosum, used as a muscle relaxant in surgery etc. 帕雷亦拉，南美防己(根) (用作手术等中的肌肉放松剂) [Portuguese parreira ‘vine trained against a wall’]

paren /pəˈren/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a round bracket, each of a pair of parentheses 圆括号 [abbreviation of PARENTHESIS]

parenchyma /pəˈreŋkimə/ n.  1 Anat.  the functional part of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue 【解】实质，主质 2 Bot.  the cellular material, usu. soft and succulent, found esp. in the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc. 【植】(尤指叶肉、果肉、茎皮和茎髓等中的)柔组织，薄壁组织 □ parenchymal  adj.  □ parenchymatous  /-ˈkimətəs/ adj.   [Greek paregkhuma ‘something poured in besides’ (as PARA-1, egkhuma ‘infusion’ from egkheō ‘pour in’)]

parent /ˈpɛər(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who has begotten or borne offspring; a father or mother 父亲；母亲 2  a person who has adopted a child or who holds the position or exercises the function of a parent 养父；养母 3 archaic  a forefather [古义]祖先，祖辈 4  an animal or plant from which others are derived (动、植物的)亲本；亲代 5  a source or origin 起源，根源 6  an initiating organization or enterprise 创始组织；母公司，总公司 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be a parent of 做…的父亲(或母亲) □ parent-teacher association   a local organization of parents and teachers for promoting closer relations and improving educational facilities at a school 家长教师联谊会(旨在增进家长与教师之间的了解与联系)□ parental  /pəˈrent(ə)l/ adj.  □ parentally  /pəˈrent(ə)li/ adv.  □ parenthood  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin parens parentis, from parere ‘bring forth’]

parentage /ˈpɛər(ə)ntidʒ/ n.  lineage; descent from or through parents 世系，家系，门第  their parentage is unknown  他们的家世未知 [Middle English from Old French (as PARENT)]

parent company n.  a company of which other companies are subsidiaries 总公司；母公司

parenteral /pəˈrent(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. Med.  administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than in the alimentary canal 【医】非肠道的，不经肠道的 □ parenterally  adv.   [PARA-1 + Greek enteron ‘intestine’]

parenthesis /pəˈrenθisis/ n. (pl. parentheses /-si:z/)  1  a  a word, clause, or sentence inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage which is grammatically complete without it, and usu. marked off by brackets or dashes or commas 插入成分；插入词(常置于括号内或以破折号或逗号隔开)b (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of round brackets used for this 圆括号 2  an interlude or interval 插曲；间歇 □ in parenthesis   as a parenthesis or afterthought 作为插入成分；附加上；在圆括号内 [Late Latin from Greek, from parentithēmi ‘put in beside’]

parenthesize /pəˈrenθisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  insert as a parenthesis 作为插入成分插入 2  put into brackets or similar punctuation 置于圆括号(或其他类似标点)内

parenthetic /pær(ə)nˈθetik/ adj.  1  of or by way of a parenthesis 作为插入成分的；作为附带说明的 2  interposed 插入的 □ parenthetical  adj.  □ parenthetically  adv.   [PARENTHESIS, on the pattern of synthesis, synthetic, etc.]

parenting /ˈpɛər(ə)ntiŋ/ n.  the occupation or concerns of parents 父母对孩子的关怀照顾

Parent's Charter n.  a British government document explaining the structure and aims of education in schools and the rights of parents and children within that system 父母法(英国政府在该法中规定教育的结构和目的，以及父母和子女应尽的权利和义务)

parergon /pəˈrɜ:ɡɒn/ n. (pl. parerga /-ɡə/)  1  work subsidiary to one's main employment (本职工作以外的)副业，第二职业 2  an ornamental accessory 附属装饰，辅助装饰 [Latin from Greek parergon (as PARA-1, ergon ‘work’)]

paresis /pəˈri:sis, ˈpærisis/ n. (pl. pareses /-si:z/) Med.  partial paralysis 【医】局部瘫痪，半瘫 □ paretic  /-ˈretik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from pariēmi ‘let go’ (as PARA-1, hiēmi ‘let go’)]

paresthesia US var.  of PARAESTHESIA [美] PARAESTHESIA 的变体

par excellence /pɑ:r ˈeks(ə)l(ə)ns/ adv.  as having special excellence; being the supreme example of its kind 卓越地；出类拔萃地  the short story par excellence  杰出的短篇小说 [French, = by excellence]

parfait /ˈpɑ:fei/ n.  1  a rich iced pudding of whipped cream, eggs, etc. 奶油蛋冻糕 2  layers of ice cream, meringue, etc., served in a tall glass (用高脚玻璃杯盛放的)蛋白冰淇淋(或奶油蛋白酥等) [French parfait PERFECT adj.]

pargana /pəˈɡʌnə/ n. (also 亦作 pergunnah, pergana) (in India) a group of villages or a subdivision of a district 大区(印度行政区划名称) [Urdu pargana ‘district’]

parget /ˈpɑ:dʒit/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (pargeted, pargeting)  1  plaster (a wall etc.) esp. with an ornamental pattern 在(墙上等)涂灰泥(尤伴有装饰图案) 2  roughcast 粗涂 ●n.  1  plaster applied in this way; ornamental plasterwork 涂抺用石膏；装饰性抹灰泥工作 2  roughcast 粗涂灰泥 [Middle English from Old French pargeter, parjeter, from par ‘all over’ + jeter ‘throw’]

parhelion /pɑ:ˈhi:liən/ n. (pl. parhelia /-liə/)  a bright spot on the solar halo Also called 亦称作 mock sun, sun-dog 幻日，假日(指日晕上的光轮) □ parheliacal  /-hiˈlaiək(ə)l/ adj.  □ parhelic  adj.   [Latin parelion from Greek (as PARA-1, hēlios ‘sun’)]

pariah /pəˈraiə/ n.  1  a social outcast 被社会遗弃者 2 hist.  a member of a low caste or of no caste in southern India [史义]社会地位低下者；(印度南部的)贱民 [Tamil paraiyar, pl. of paraiyan ‘hereditary drummer’, from parai ‘drum’]

pariah dog n.  = PYE-DOG 

parietal /pəˈraiit(ə)l/ adj.  1 Anat.  of the wall of the body or any of its cavities 【解】体壁的；腔壁的 2 Bot.  of the wall of a hollow structure etc. 【植】周壁(缘)的 3 US  relating to residence within a college [美]学院内居住的 [French pariétal or Late Latin parietalis from Latin paries -etis ‘wall’]

parietal bone n.  either of a pair of bones forming the central part of the sides and top of the skull 顶骨(构成头顶和头两侧壁的颅骨)

parietal lobe n.  either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information (大脑的)顶叶

pari-mutuel /pɑ:riˈmju:tʃʊəl, -ˈtjʊəl/ n.  1  a form of betting in which those backing the first three places divide the losers' stakes (less the operator's commission) (对前三名优胜者押赌注的那些人按下注比例分赌金的)同注分彩赌博 2  a totalizator 赌金计算器 [French, = mutual stake]

paring /ˈpɛəriŋ/ n.  a strip or piece cut off 削下的皮

pari passu /pɑ:ri ˈpæsu:, pæri/ adv.  1  with equal speed 以相同的速度 2  simultaneously and equally 同等同时地 [Latin]

Paris /ˈpæris/ n.  巴黎 [法国首都]

Paris commune  see 见 COMMUNE1 3 

Paris green /ˈpæris/ n.  a vivid green toxic compound containing copper and arsenic, used as a pigment and insecticide 巴黎绿(呈绿色，内含铜和砒霜，可作颜料和杀虫剂) [Paris in France]

parish /ˈpæriʃ/ n.  1  an area having its own church and clergy (有自己教堂和牧师的)教区 2 (in full 全称 civil parish) Brit.  a district constituted for purposes of local government [英]行政教区(基层行政单位) 3  the inhabitants of a parish 教区的全体居民 4 US  a county in Louisiana [美] (路易斯安那州的)县 [Middle English paroche, parosse via Old French paroche, paroisse and ecclesiastical Latin parochia, paroechia from Greek paroikia ‘sojourning’, from paroikos (as PARA-1, -oikos ‘-dwelling’ from oikeō ‘dwell’)]

parish clerk n.  an official performing various duties concerned with the church 教区执事

parish council n. Brit.  the administrative body in a civil parish [英]教区管理委员会

parishioner /pəˈriʃ(ə)nə/ n.  an inhabitant of a parish 教区居民

parish pump n. (often 常作 attrib.) Brit.  a symbol of a parochial or restricted outlook [英]目光偏狭的

parish register n.  a book recording christenings, marriages, and burials, at a parish church (登记教区居民洗礼、婚丧的)教区记事簿

Parisian /pəˈriziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Paris in France 巴黎的；与巴黎有关的 ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Paris 巴黎人；巴黎居民 2  the kind of French spoken in Paris 巴黎法语 [French parisien]

parison /ˈpæris(ə)n/ n.  a rounded mass of glass formed by rolling immediately after removal from the furnace 料泡，玻璃半成品 [French paraison, from parer ‘prepare’, from Latin parare]

parity1 /ˈpæriti/ n.  1  equality or equivalence, esp. as regards status or pay (尤指地位或工资的)平等，相同 2  parallelism or analogy 类似，相似  parity of reasoning  类推 3  equivalence of one currency with another; being at par 价值对等；平价 4 (of a number) the fact of being even or odd (数字)奇偶性 5 Physics (of a quantity) the fact of changing its sign or remaining unaltered under a given transformation of coordinates etc. 【物理学】(量)宇称性 [French parité or Late Latin paritas (as PAR1)]

parity2 /ˈpæriti/ n. Med. 【医】  1  the fact or condition of having borne children 经产(状况) 2  the number of children previously borne 已生子女数 [formed as -PAROUS + -ITY]

park /pɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large public garden in a town, for recreation 公园；公共游憩场 2  a large enclosed piece of ground, usu. with woodland and pasture, attached to a country house etc. (乡村别墅周围的)园林 3  a  a large area of land kept in its natural state for public recreational use 天然公园b  a large enclosed area of land used to accommodate wild animals in captivity 野生动物放养场  wildlife park  野生动物园 4 esp. Brit.  an area for motor vehicles etc. to be left in [尤英] (汽车等的)停车场地  car park  停车场 5  the gear position or function in automatic transmission in which the gears are locked, preventing the vehicle's movement 停车制动 6  an area devoted to a specified purpose 专用场地  industrial park  工业区 7  a N. Amer.  an enclosed sports ground [北美]运动场b (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) Brit. colloq.  a football pitch [英口]足球场 ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  leave (a vehicle) usu. temporarily, in a car park, by the side of the road, etc. (通常暂时在汽车场)停放(车辆等) 2 colloq.  deposit and leave, usu. temporarily [口] (通常指临时)放置，存放 □ park oneself  colloq.  sit down [口]坐下 [Middle English via Old French parc from medieval Latin parricus, of Germanic origin, related to pearruc: see PADDOCK]

parka /ˈpɑ:kə/ n.  1  a skin jacket with a hood, worn by Eskimos (爱斯基摩人穿的带风帽的)皮风雪衣 2  a windproof fabric garment of similar design worn in cold weather 风雪大衣；派克大衣 [Aleut from Russian]

parkin /ˈpɑ:kin/ n. Brit.  a cake or biscuit made with oatmeal, ginger, and treacle or molasses [英]燕麦姜饼(由燕麦粉和糖浆制成) [perhaps from the name Parkin, diminutive of Peter]

parking light n.  a small light on the side of a vehicle, for use when the vehicle is parked at night 停车指示灯，(夜间停车用的)侧灯

parking lot n. US  an outdoor area for parking vehicles [美]露天停车场

parking meter n.  a coin-operated meter which receives fees for vehicles parked in the street and indicates the time available 停车计时收费器

parking ticket n.  a notice, usu. attached to a vehicle, of a penalty imposed for parking illegally 违章停车罚款通知单

Parkinsonism /ˈpɑ:kins(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  = PARKINSON'S DISEASE 

Parkinson's disease /ˈpɑ:kins(ə)nz/ n.  a progressive disease of the nervous system with tremor, muscular rigidity, and emaciation Also called 亦称作 Parkinsonism 帕金森病 [named after J. Parkinson, English surgeon d. 1824]

Parkinson's law /ˈpɑ:kins(ə)nz/ n.  the notion that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion 帕金森氏定律(指只要时间许可，工作总要拖到最后去完成) [named after C.N. Parkinson, English writer b. 1909]

parkland /ˈpɑ:klænd/ n.  open grassland with clumps of trees etc. 稀树草原

parkway /ˈpɑ:kwei/ n.  1 US  an open landscaped highway [美] (两旁有草地和树木的)园林大道 2 Brit.  a railway station with extensive parking facilities, used esp. in names [英] (停车设施便利的)火车站(尤指命名车站)  Bristol Parkway  布里斯托尔车站

parky /ˈpɑ:ki/ adj. (parkier, parkiest) Brit. colloq.  chilly [英口]寒冷的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Parl. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Parliament  2  Parliamentary 

parlance /ˈpɑ:l(ə)ns/ n.  a particular way of speaking, esp. as regards choice of words, idiom, etc. 用语；说法 [Old French, from parler ‘speak’, ultimately from Latin parabola (see PARABLE): in Late Latin = ‘speech’]

parlay /ˈpɑ:lei/ v. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●v. tr.  1  use (money won on a bet) as a further stake 把(押注赢得的钱)再押作赌金 2  increase in value by or as if by parlaying 使增值 ●n.  1  an act of parlaying 连本带利押注 2  a bet made by parlaying 连本带利的赌博 [French paroli from Italian, from paro ‘like’, from Latin par ‘equal’]

parley /ˈpɑ:li/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  a conference for debating points in a dispute, esp. a discussion of terms for an armistice etc. (尤指讨论停战条款等的)会谈；谈判 ●v. intr. (-leys, -leyed) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  hold a parley 谈判 [perhaps from Old French parlee, fem. past part. of parler ‘speak’: see PARLANCE]

parliament /ˈpɑ:ləm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (作 Parliament) (in the UK) (英国)a  the highest legislature, consisting of the Sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons (由英王、上议院和下议院组成的)英国议会b  the members of this legislature for a particular period, esp. between one dissolution and the next (尤指议会两次选举之间的)全体议员 2  a similar legislature in other nations and states (其他国家的)议会，国会 [Middle English from Old French parlement ‘speaking’ (as PARLANCE)]

parliamentarian /pɑ:ləm(ə)nˈtɛəriən, -men-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a parliament, esp. one well-versed in its procedures (尤指熟悉议会程序的)议员 2 hist.  an adherent of Parliament in the English Civil War of the 17th c. [史义] (英国内战时期的)议会拥护者 ●adj.  = PARLIAMENTARY 

parliamentary /pɑ:ləˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or relating to a parliament 议会的，国会的；与议会有关的，与国会有关的 2  enacted or established by a parliament 议会制定的；议会颁布的 3 (of language) admissible in a parliament; polite (语言)符合议会礼节的；礼貌的

Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration n.  the official title of the ombudsman in the UK 行政管理专员(英国巡视员的官方名称)

parliamentary private secretary n.  a Member of Parliament assisting a government minister (英国)议会私人秘书(协助政府大臣工作)

parlour /ˈpɑ:lə/ n. (US [美] parlor)  1  a sitting room in a private house 起居室，客厅，会客室 2  a room in a hotel, convent, etc., for the private use of residents (旅馆、女修道院等的)会客室；雅座 3 esp. US  a shop providing specified goods or services [尤美] (提供具体商品或服务的)专营店  beauty parlour  美容院 ice-cream parlour  冷饮店 4  a room or building equipped for milking cows 挤牛奶的房间(或房屋) 5 (作 attrib.) derog.  denoting support for political views by those who do not try to practise them [贬]空谈的  parlour socialist  空谈社会主义者 [Middle English from Anglo-French parlur, Old French parleor, parleur: see PARLANCE]

parlour game n.  an indoor game, esp. a word game 室内游戏(尤指填字游戏)

parlourmaid /ˈpɑ:ləmeid/ n. hist.  a maid who waits at table [史义] (负责在餐桌边侍餐的)客厅女仆

parlous /ˈpɑ:ləs/ adj. & adv. archaic or joc. [古义] [诙] ●adj.  1  dangerous or difficult 危险的；困难的 2  hard to deal with 难对付的 ●adv.  extremely 极其；非常 □ parlously  adv.  □ parlousness  n.   [Middle English, = PERILOUS]

Parma ham /ˈpɑ:mə/ n.  a type of ham which is eaten uncooked 帕尔马火腿(一种可生食的火腿) [Parma, a city and province in Italy]

Parma violet /ˈpɑ:mə/ n.  a variety of sweet violet with heavy scent and lavender-coloured flowers often crystallized for food decoration 帕尔马堇菜 [Parma, a city and province in Italy]

Parmesan /pɑ:miˈzæn/ n.  a kind of hard dry cheese made originally at Parma and used esp. in grated form 帕尔马干酪(一种意大利硬干酪) [French from Italian parmegiano ‘of Parma’ a city and province in Italy]

Parnassian /pɑ:ˈnæsiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of Parnassus, a mountain in central Greece, in antiquity sacred to the Muses (希腊中部)帕尔纳索斯山的 2  poetic 诗歌的 3  of or relating to a group of French poets in the late 19th c., emphasizing strictness of form, named from the anthology Le Parnasse contemporain (1866) (法国 19 世纪下半叶强调诗歌体裁严谨的)巴那斯派的，高蹈派的 ●n.  a member of this group 巴那斯派诗人，高蹈派诗人

parochial /pəˈrəʊkiəl/ adj.  1  of or concerning a parish 教区的；与教区有关的 2 (of affairs, views, etc.) merely local, narrow or restricted in scope (事态、观点等)狭隘的，偏狭的 □ parochialism  n.  □ parochiality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ parochially  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French parochiel, Old French parochial from ecclesiastical Latin parochialis (as PARISH)]

parody /ˈpærədi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a humorous exaggerated imitation of an author, literary work, style, etc. (对作者、文学作品、风格等的)诙谐夸大的模仿b  a work of this kind 模仿夸大的作品 2  a feeble imitation; a travesty 拙劣的模仿；歪曲性的模仿 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  compose a parody of 把…模仿成滑稽作品 2  mimic humorously 滑稽地模仿 □ parodic  /pəˈrɒdik/ adj.  □ parodist  n.   [Late Latin parodia or Greek parōidia ‘burlesque poem’ (as PARA-1, ōidē ‘ode’)]

par of exchange  see 见 PAR1 5 

parol /pəˈrəʊl, ˈpær(ə)l/ adj. & n. Law 【法律】  ●adj.  1  given orally 口头的 2 (of a document) not given under seal (文件)没有盖章的 ●n.  an oral declaration 口头声明 [Old French parole (as PAROLE)]

parole /pəˈrəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the release of a prisoner temporarily for a special purpose or completely before the expiry of a sentence, on the promise of good behaviour 假释b  such a promise (假释前的)誓言 2  a word of honour 名誉 ●v. tr.  put (a prisoner) on parole 使(犯人)假释 □ on parole   released on the terms of parole 获得假释□ parolee  /-ˈli:/ n.   [French, = word: see PARLANCE]

paronomasia /pærənəˈmeiziə/ n.  a play on words; a pun 文字游戏；双关语 [Latin from Greek paronomasia (as PARA-1, onomasia ‘naming’, via onomazō ‘to name’ from onoma ‘a name’)]

paronym /ˈpærənim/ n.  1  a word cognate with another 同源词 2  a word formed from a foreign word (源自另一种语言的)形似词 □ paronymous  /pəˈrɒniməs/ adj.   [Greek parōnumon, neut. of parōnumos (as PARA-1, onuma ‘name’)]

parotid /pəˈrɒtid/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  ●adj.  situated near the ear 耳旁的 ●n. (in full 全称 parotid gland)  a salivary gland in front of the ear 腮腺 [French parotide or Latin parotis parotid- from Greek parōtis -idos (as PARA-1, ous ōtos ‘ear’)]

parotid duct n.  a duct opening from the parotid gland into the mouth 腮腺导管

parotitis /pærəˈtaitis/ n. Med. 【医】  1  inflammation of the parotid gland 腮腺炎 2  mumps 流行性腮腺炎 [PAROTID + -ITIS]

-parous /pərəs/ comb. form  bearing offspring of a specified number or kind (multiparous 一产多胎的 ; viviparous 多育的) [构词成分] (一次)…胎的，(一次)…产的 [Latin -parus ‘-bearing’ from parere ‘bring forth’]

Parousia /pəˈru:ziə/ n. Theol.  the second coming of Christ 【神】基督复临 [Greek, = presence, coming]

paroxysm /ˈpærəksiz(ə)m/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a sudden attack or outburst (of rage, laughter, etc.) (愤怒、大笑等的)突发，发作 2  a fit of disease (疾病的)发作，阵发 □ paroxysmal  /-ˈsizm(ə)l/ adj.   [French paroxysme via medieval Latin paroxysmus from Greek paroxusmos, from paroxunō ‘exasperate’ (as PARA-1, oxunō ‘sharpen’ from oxus ‘sharp’)]

paroxytone /pəˈrɒksitəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. in ancient Greek) having an acute accent on the last syllable but one (尤古希腊语中)倒数第二个音节重读的 ●n.  a word of this kind 倒数第二音节重读的词 [modern Latin from Greek paroxutonos (as PARA-1, OXYTONE)]

parpen /ˈpɑ:p(ə)n/ n.  a stone passing through a wall from side to side, with two smooth vertical faces 贯石，穿墙石 [Middle English from Old French parpain, probably ultimately from Latin per ‘through’ + pannus ‘piece of cloth’, in Romanic ‘piece of wall’]

parquet /ˈpɑ:ki, ˈpɑ:kei/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a flooring of wooden blocks arranged in a pattern 镶木块楼板，拼花地板 2 US [美]  a  the ground floor of a theatre auditorium (剧场的)正厅b  the front part of this (剧场的)正厅前排 ●v. tr. (parqueted /-keid/; parqueting /-keiiŋ/)  furnish (a room) with a parquet floor 给(房间)铺拼花地板 [French, = small compartment, floor, diminutive of parc PARK]

parquetry /ˈpɑ:kitri/ n.  the use of wooden blocks to make floors or inlay for furniture 镶花地板(或家具)

parr /pɑ:/ n.  a young salmon with blue-grey finger-like markings on its sides, younger than a smolt 幼鲑 [18th c.: origin unknown]

parramatta /pærəˈmætə/ n. (also 亦作 paramatta)  a light dress fabric of wool and silk or cotton 毛葛；棉毛呢 [Parramatta, a city in New South Wales, Australia, where it was originally produced]

parricide /ˈpærisaid/ n.  1  the killing of a near relative, esp. of a parent 杀亲(尤指杀害父母) 2  a person who commits parricide 杀亲者 □ parricidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [French parricide or Latin parricida (= sense 2), parricidium (= sense 1), of uncertain origin, associated in Latin with pater ‘father’ and parens ‘parent’]■Usage 用法说明 Parricide, the killing of a near relative, especially of a parent, is sometimes confused with patricide, the killing of one's father. Parricide —杀亲(尤指杀父或母)有时易与 patricide (杀父)相混。 

parrot /ˈpærət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various mainly tropical birds of the order Psittaciformes, with a short hooked bill, often having vivid plumage and sometimes able to mimic the human voice 鹦鹉 2  a person who mechanically repeats the words or actions of another 学舌者；机械模仿者 ●v. tr. (parroted, parroting)  repeat mechanically 机械地重复 [probably from obsolete or dialect French perrot ‘parrot’, diminutive of Pierre ‘Peter’: cf. PARAKEET]

parrot-fashion adv. (learning or repeating) mechanically without understanding (学习或重复)鹦鹉学舌般地，机械地

parrotfish /ˈpærətfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any fish of the genus Scarus, with a mouth like a parrot's bill and forming a protective mucous cocoon against predators 鹦嘴鱼；隆头鱼

parry /ˈpæri/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  avert or ward off (a weapon or attack), esp. with a countermove (尤指用对抗手段)挡开，避开(武器或攻击) 2  deal skilfully with (an awkward question etc.) 善于处理(棘手问题等) ●n. (pl. -ies)  an act of parrying 回避，挡开，闪避 [probably representing French parez, imperative of parer, from Italian parare ‘ward off’]

parse /pɑ:z/ v. tr.  1  describe (a word in context) grammatically, stating its inflection, relation to the sentence, etc. 从语法上说明(上下文中的词) 2  resolve (a sentence) into its component parts and describe them grammatically 从语法上分析(句子) 3 Computing  analyse (a string) into syntactic components, esp. to test conformability to a grammar 【计算】(对信息串)进行语法分析 □ parser  n. (esp. in sense 3 尤用于释义 3)   [perhaps from Middle English pars ‘parts of speech’ from Old French pars, pl. of part PART, influenced by Latin pars ‘part’]

parsec /ˈpɑ:sek/ n.  a unit of astronomical distance, equal to about 3.25 light years (3.08 × 1016 metres), the distance at which the mean radius of the earth's orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc 秒差距(等于 3.25 光年) [PARALLAX + SECOND2]

Parsee /pɑ:ˈsi:, ˈpɑ:si:/ n.  1  an adherent of Zoroastrianism, esp. a descendant of those Zoroastrians who fled to India from Muslim persecution in Persia during the 7th － 8th c. 帕西人(公元 7 至 8 世纪为逃避穆斯林迫害，自波斯移居印度的琐罗亚斯德教徒的拥护者及后裔) 2  = PAHLAVI  □ Parseeism  n.   [Persian pɑˉrsī ‘Persian’ from pɑˉrs ‘Persia’]

parsimony /ˈpɑ:siməni/ n.  1  carefulness in the use of money or other resources 异常节俭，过度节约 2  meanness, stinginess 小气，吝啬 □ parsimonious  /-ˈməʊniəs/ adj.  □ parsimoniously  /-ˈməʊniəsli/ adv.  □ parsimoniousness  /-ˈməʊniəsnis/ n.   [Middle English from Latin parsimonia, parcimonia, from parcere pars- ‘spare’]

parsley /ˈpɑ:sli/ n.  a biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, with white flowers and crinkly aromatic leaves, used for seasoning and garnishing food 欧芹，香芹菜(作为调味品及饰菜) [Middle English percil, per(e)sil from Old French peresil, and Old English petersilie, ultimately via Latin petroselinum from Greek petroselinon]

parsley fern n.  a fern, Cryptogramma crispa, with leaves like parsley 欧芹叶蕨

parsley-piert /pɑ:sliˈpiət/ n.  a dwarf annual plant, Aphanes arvensis, of the rose family [口]野斗蓬草(蔷薇科) [probably corruption of French perce-pierre ‘pierce stone’]

parsnip /ˈpɑ:snip/ n.  1  a biennial umbelliferous plant, Pastinaca sativa, with yellow flowers and a large pale yellow tapering root 欧防风；欧洲萝卜 2  this root eaten as a vegetable 欧防风根；欧洲萝卜直根(可作蔬菜食用) [Middle English pas(se)nep (with assimilation to nep ‘turnip’) via Old French pasnaie from Latin pastinaca]

parson /ˈpɑ:s(ə)n/ n.  1  a rector 教区长 2  a vicar or any beneficed member of the clergy 教区牧师；教士 3 colloq.  any (esp. Protestant) member of the clergy [口] (尤指新教的)牧师 □ parsonical  /-ˈsɒnik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English person(e), parson via Old French persone from Latin persona PERSON (in medieval Latin ‘rector’)]

parsonage /ˈpɑ:s(ə)nidʒ/ n.  a church house provided for a parson (教区的)牧师住宅

parson's nose n.  the piece of fatty flesh at the rump of a fowl (煮熟供食用的)家禽的屁股(肉)

part /pɑ:t/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  some but not all of a thing or number of things 部分，局部 2  an essential member or constituent of anything 组成部分；基本成员  part of the family  家庭成员 a large part of the job  大部分工作 3  a component of a machine etc. (机器等的)零件，部件  spare parts  零配件 needs a new part  需要一个新部件 4  a  a portion of a human or animal body (人或动物的)部位，器官b (in pl. 用复数) colloq. [口]  = PRIVATE PARTS  5  a division of a book, broadcast serial, etc., esp. as much as is issued or broadcast at one time (书、广播连续节目等的)部，集(尤指长短适合于一次出版或播出者) 6  a  each of several equal portions of a whole 等分中的一份  the recipe has 3 parts sugar to 2 parts flour  食谱配方为 3 份糖对 2 份面粉b (prec. by ordinal number) a specified fraction of a whole (前接序数词)…分之一  each received a fifth part  每人得到 1/5 7  a  a portion allotted; a share 份额；一份b  a person's share in an action or enterprise (行动或事业中的)个人分担部分  will have no part in it  此中无份c  one's duty 职责  was not my part to interfere  我不便干涉 8  a  a character assigned to an actor (剧中的)角色b  the words spoken by an actor (演员的)台词c  a copy of these 台词本 9 Mus. 【音】  a  a melody or other constituent of harmony assigned to a particular voice or instrument 声部；乐器的一部 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : four-part harmony  四部和声b  a copy of the music for a particular musician (特定演奏者用的)乐谱 10  each of the sides in an agreement or dispute (协议或争论中的)一方 11 (in pl. 用复数)  a region or district 地区，区域  am not from these parts  不是来自这些地区 12 (in pl. 用复数)  abilities 才华，能力  a man of many parts  才华横溢的人 13 US [美]  = PARTING 2  ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  divide or separate into parts 分开；分成几部分  the crowd parted to let them through  人群散开让他们通过 2 intr.  a  leave one another's company 分手，分别  they parted the best of friends  他们与最好的朋友分别了b (foll. by 后跟 from)  say goodbye to 告别；分别 3 tr.  cause to separate 使分开  they fought hard and had to be parted  他们打得很厉害，不得不分手 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  give up possession of; hand over 放弃；交出 5 tr.  separate (the hair of the head on either side of the parting) with a comb 把(头发)向两边梳理 ●adv.  to some extent; partly 有些；部分地  is part iron and part wood  部分是铁，部分是木头 a lie that is part truth  部分是事实的谎言 □ for the most part   see 见 MOST □ for one's part   as far as one is concerned 就某人而言□ in part (or parts)   to some extent; partly 在某种程度上；部分地□ look the part   appear suitable for a role 看上去确像某种角色□ on the part of   proceeding from, on the initiative of 就…而言  a long struggle on the part of the scholars  学者们的长期争论 no objection on my part  我没有异议□ part and parcel  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an essential part 必要部分□ part company   see 见 COMPANY □ play a part   1  be significant or contributory 起作用，有影响 2  act deceitfully 装腔骗人 3  perform a dramatic role 扮演角色□ take in good part   see 见 GOOD □ take part  (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  assist or have a share (in) 协助；参与□ take the part of   support; back up 支持 [Middle English via Old French from Latin pars partis (n.), partire, partiri (v.)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at BEHALF. 见 BEHALF 的用法说明。 

partake /pɑ:ˈteik/ v. intr. (past partook /-ˈtʊk/; past part. partaken /-ˈteik(ə)n/)  1 (foll. by 后跟 of, in)  take a share or part 参加，参与 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  eat or drink some or colloq. all (of a thing) 吃，喝；[口]吃光，喝光(某物) 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  have some (of a quality etc.) 带有几分…(的性质等)  their manner partook of insolence  他们的态度有些蛮横 □ partakable  adj.  □ partaker  n.   [16th c.: back-formation from Middle English partaker, partaking = part-taker, etc.]

parterre /pɑ:ˈtɛə/ n.  1  a level space in a garden occupied by flower beds arranged formally 花坛，花圃 2 US  the ground floor of a theatre auditorium, esp. the pit overhung by balconies [美] (剧场的)后排座位(尤指上有楼厅者) [French, = par terre ‘on the ground’]

part exchange n. & v. ●n. Brit.  a transaction in which goods are given as part of the payment for other goods, with the balance in money [英] (以旧物抵押部分货款的)部分抵价交易 ●v. tr. (作 part-exchange)  give (goods) in such a transaction 将(货物)作部分抵价交易

parthenogenesis /ˌpɑ:θinəˈdʒenisis/ n. Biol.  reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, esp. as a normal process in invertebrates and lower plants 【生】(尤指无脊椎动物及低等动物的)单性生殖，孤雌生殖 □ parthenogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ parthenogenetically  /-dʒiˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin, from Greek parthenos ‘virgin’ + genesis GENESIS]

Parthian shot /ˈpɑ:θiən/ n.  a remark or glance etc. reserved for the moment of departure 临走时所说的话(或临别一瞥等) [Parthia, an ancient kingdom in W. Asia: from the custom of a retreating Parthian horseman firing a shot at the enemy]

partial /ˈpɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not complete; forming only part 不完全的；部分的  a partial success  部分成功 2  biased, unfair 偏袒的；不公正的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  having a liking for 偏爱的；癖好的 ●n. Mus.  any of the constituents of a musical sound 【音】分音 □ partially  adv.  □ partialness  n.   [Middle English via Old French parcial from Late Latin partialis (as PART)]

partial derivative n. Math.  a derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to one variable, the other(s) being treated as constant 【数】偏导数，偏微商

partial differential equation n. Math.  an equation containing a partial derivative 【数】偏微分方程(式)

partial eclipse n.  an eclipse in which only part of the luminary is covered or darkened 偏食

partiality /pɑ:ʃiˈæliti/ n.  1  bias, favouritism 偏见；偏爱 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  fondness 喜爱，癖好 [Middle English via Old French parcialité from medieval Latin partialitas (as PARTIAL)]

partial pressure n. Physics  the pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own 【物理学】分压

partial verdict n.  a verdict finding a person guilty of part of a charge (陪审团的)部分有罪裁决

participant /pɑ:ˈtisip(ə)nt/ n.  a participator 参加者，参与者

participate /pɑ:ˈtisipeit/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  share or take part (in) 参与，参加 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) literary or archaic  have a certain quality [文学用语] [古义]含有，带有(某种性质)  the speech participated of wit  这篇发言妙语连珠 □ participation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ participative  adj.  □ participator  n.  □ participatory  adj.   [Latin participare from particeps -cipis ‘taking part’ (as PART + -cip- = cap-, stem of capere ‘take’)]

participle /ˈpɑ:tisip(ə)l/ n. Gram.  a word formed from a verb (e.g. going, gone, being, been) and used in compound verb forms (e.g. is going, has been) or as an adjective (e.g. working woman, burnt toast) 【语法】(由动词构成的)分词(如 going, gone, being, been, 用在复合动词形式中，如 is going, has been; 或作为形容词，如 working woman, burnt toast) □ participial  /-ˈsipiəl/ adj.  □ participially  /-ˈsipiəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French, by-form of participe, from Latin participium (as PARTICIPATE)]

particle /ˈpɑ:tik(ə)l/ n.  1  a minute portion of matter 微粒，粒子 2  the least possible amount 微量，极少量  not a particle of sense  一点常识都没有 3 Gram. 【语法】  a  a minor part of speech, esp. a short indeclinable one (尤指无词形变化的)小品词；语助词b  a common prefix or suffix such as in-, -ness 词缀(如 in-, -ness) [Middle English from Latin particula (as PART)]

particle board n.  = CHIPBOARD 

particle physics n.  the branch of physics concerned with the properties and interactions of subatomic particles 粒子物理学

particoloured /ˈpɑ:tikʌləd/ adj. (US [美] particolored)  partly of one colour, partly of another or others 杂色的；斑驳的 [PARTY2 + COLOURED]

particular /pəˈtikjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  relating to or considered as one thing or person as distinct from others; individual 个别的；独特的  in this particular instance  在此个别事例中 2  more than is usual; special, noteworthy 特别的；特殊的；不寻常的  took particular trouble  不辞辛劳 3  scrupulously exact; fastidious 过于细致的；过分讲究的 4  detailed 详细的，详尽的  a full and particular account  充分而详尽的叙述 5 Logic (of a proposition) in which something is asserted of some but not all of a class (opp. 反义 UNIVERSAL adj. 2) 【逻辑学】(命题)特称的 ●n.  1  a detail; an item 细节；项目 2 (in pl. 用复数)  points of information; a detailed account 详情；详尽的叙述 □ in particular   especially, specifically 特别；尤其 [Middle English via Old French particuler from Latin particularis (as PARTICLE)]

particular intention n.  = SPECIAL INTENTION 

particularism /pəˈtikjʊləriz(ə)m/ n.  1  exclusive devotion to one party, sect, etc. 完全忠于某党(或某个宗派等) 2  the principle of leaving political independence to each state in an empire or federation (帝国或联邦中)各州自主的独立原则 3  the theological doctrine of individual election or redemption 特殊神宠论 □ particularist  n.   [French particularisme, modern Latin particularismus, and German Partikularismus (as PARTICULAR)]

particularity /pətikjʊˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality of being individual or particular 独特性；特殊性 2  fullness or minuteness of detail in a description 详尽；精细 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  detail, particular 细节；细目

particularize /pəˈtikjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  name specially or one by one 特别举出；列举 2  specify (items) 具体列出(项目) □ particularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French particulariser (as PARTICULAR)]

particularly /pəˈtikjʊləli/ adv.  1  especially, very 格外；尤其 2  specifically 特定地  they particularly asked for you  他们特地要找你 3  in a particular or fastidious manner 细致地；挑剔地

particulate /pɑ:ˈtikjʊlət, -eit, pə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  in the form of separate particles 微粒的，粒子的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  matter in this form 微粒，粒子 [Latin particula PARTICLE]

parting /ˈpɑ:tiŋ/ n.  1  a leave-taking or departure 告别，离别 often 常作 attrib.: parting words  临别赠言 2 Brit.  the dividing line of combed hair [英] (头发的)分缝 3  a division; an act of separating 分开；分离

parting shot n.  = PARTHIAN SHOT 

parti pris /pɑ:ti ˈpri:, 法 parti pri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. partis pris pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a preconceived view; a bias 先入为主的看法；偏见 ●adj.  prejudiced, biased 偏见的 [French, = side taken]

partisan /ˈpɑ:tizæn, -ˈzæn/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 partizan) ●n.  1  a strong, esp. unreasoning, supporter of a party, cause, etc. (党派、事业等的)坚定(尤指盲目)的支持者 2 Mil.  a guerrilla in wartime 【军】游击队员 ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of partisans 党派的 2  loyal to a particular cause; biased 忠于某项事业的；偏袒的 □ partisanship  n.   [French from Italian dialect partigiano etc., from parte PART]

partita /pɑ:ˈti:tə/ n. (pl. partitas or partite /-tei, -ti/) Mus. 【音】  1  a suite 组曲 2  an air with variations 变奏曲 [Italian, fem. past part. of partire ‘divide’, formed as PART]

partite /ˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  1  divided (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : tripartite 三重的) 分成若干部分的 2 Bot. & Zool.  divided to or nearly to the base 【植】【动】深裂的；分裂的 [Latin partitus, past part. of partiri PART v.]

partition /pɑ:ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  division into parts, esp. of a country with separate areas of government 分割；(尤指国家的)分裂 2  a structure dividing a space into two parts, esp. a light interior wall 隔开物；(尤指房子中间轻型的)隔断，板壁 ●v. tr.  1  divide into parts 把…分成几部分 2 (foll. by 后跟 off)  separate (part of a room etc.) with a partition (用隔板把房间等)隔开 □ partitioned  adj.  □ partitioner  n.  □ partitionist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin partitio -onis (as PARTITE)]

partitive /ˈpɑ:titiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a word, form, etc.) denoting part of a collective group or quantity (词、词形等)表示部分的 ●n.  a partitive word (e.g. 如 some 一些 , any 任一) or form 表示部分的词(或词形) □ partitively  adv.   [French partitif -ive or medieval Latin partitivus (as PARTITE)]

partitive genitive n.  a genitive used to indicate a whole divided into or regarded in parts, expressed in English by of as in most of us 部分所有格(如 most of us 中的 of)

partizan var.  of PARTISAN  PARTISAN 的变体

partly /ˈpɑ:tli/ adv.  1  with respect to a part or parts 部分地；有几分 2  to some extent 在某种程度上

partner /ˈpɑ:tnə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who shares or takes part with another or others, esp. in a business firm with shared risks and profits (尤指在商业事务上共同分担赢亏的)合伙人 2  a companion in dancing 舞伴 3  a player (esp. one of two) on the same side in a game (尤指游戏中同一方的)搭档，对家 4  either member of a married couple, or of an established unmarried couple 配偶(指夫或妻)；(已确定关系的未婚)伴侣 ●v. tr.  1  be the partner of 做…的伙伴(或搭档) 2  associate as partners 使…配成对，使…成为搭档 □ partnerless  adj.   [Middle English, alteration of parcener ‘joint heir’, influenced by PART]

partnership /ˈpɑ:tnəʃip/ n.  1  the state of being a partner or partners 合伙关系 2  a joint business 合伙企业 3  a pair or group of partners 配对；一伙人

part of speech n.  each of the categories to which words are assigned in accordance with their grammatical and semantic functions (in English esp. noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, verb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection) 词类，词性(尤指英语中的名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词)

partook past  of PARTAKE  

partridge /ˈpɑ:tridʒ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or partridges)  1  any game bird of the genus Perdix, esp. P. perdix of Europe and Asia 山鹑(尤指产于欧洲和亚洲的灰山鹑) 2  any similar bird of the family Phasianidae 雉科类鸟  snow partridge  雪鹑 [Middle English partrich etc. via Old French perdriz etc. from Latin perdix -dicis]

part-song n.  a song with three or more voice parts, often without accompaniment, and harmonic rather than contrapuntal in character (无伴奏的三部或三部以上的)多声部合唱曲

part-time adj. & adv.  occupying or using only part of the usual working week 占用部分时间的(地)；兼职的(地)  a part-time gardener  兼职园丁 he only works part-time  他只是兼职 □ part-timer  n.  

parturient /pɑ:ˈtjʊəriənt/ adj.  about to give birth 临产的 [Latin parturire ‘be in labour’, inceptive of parere part- ‘bring forth’]

parturition /pɑ:tjʊəˈriʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  the act of bringing forth young; childbirth [正式]分娩 [Late Latin parturitio (as PARTURIENT)]

part-way adv.  1  part of the way 中途 2  partly 部分地；在某种程度上

part-work n. Brit.  a publication appearing in several parts over a period of time [英]分册出版的出版物，分辑出版的丛刊

party1 /ˈpɑ:ti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a social gathering, usu. of invited guests (通常指邀请宾客出席的)社交聚会 2  a body of persons engaged in an activity or travelling together (共同参加活动或旅游的)队，组，群  fishing party  钓鱼小组 search party  搜索队 3  a group of people united in a cause, opinion, etc., esp. a political group organized on a national basis 党，政党，党派 4  a person or persons forming one side in an agreement or dispute (协议或争论的)一方 5 (foll. by 后跟 to) Law  an accessory (to an action) 【法律】(诉讼的)当事人 6 colloq.  a person [口] (一个)人 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  entertain at or attend a party 参加社交聚会 [Middle English from Old French partie, ultimately from Latin partire: see PART]

party2 /ˈpɑ:ti/ adj. Heraldry  divided into parts of different colours 【纹章学】分成不同颜色的部分的 [Middle English via Old French parti from Latin (as PARTY1)]

party-goer n.  a person who attends a party or who frequents parties 参加聚会者；经常参加聚会者

party line n.  1  the policy adopted by a political party 政党的政策(或路线) 2  a telephone line shared by two or more subscribers 合用电话线

party political adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to party politics 党派政治的；与党派政治有关的 ●n. (in full 全称 party political broadcast)  a television or radio programme on which a representative of a political party presents material intended to foster support for it 党派政治广播(节目) (指英国在两次大选之间由电台和电视台提供的竞选广播)

party politics n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  politics as it relates to political parties 党派政治

party-poop n. (also 亦作 party-pooper) esp. N. Amer. slang  a person who throws gloom over social enjoyment [尤北美] [俚语]社交聚会上煞风景的人 □ party-pooping  n.  

party popper n.  a device which rapidly ejects a paper streamer, used as an amusement at parties (常在聚会活动中使用的)纸飘带喷射装置

party wall n.  a wall common to two adjoining buildings or rooms (两个建筑物或房间之间的)界墙，公用墙

parure /pəˈrʊə/ n.  a set of jewels or other ornaments intended to be worn together (佩戴在身上的)全套首饰 [Old French from parer (see PARE) + -URE]

parvenu /ˈpɑ:vənu:, -nju:/ n. & adj. ●n. (fem. parvenue)  1  a person of obscure origin who has gained wealth or position (出身不明的)新贵 2  an upstart 暴发户 ●adj.  1  associated with or characteristic of such a person 新贵的；新贵般的 2  upstart 暴发户的 [French, past part. of parvenir ‘arrive’, from Latin pervenire (as PER-, venire ‘come’)]

parvis /ˈpɑ:vis/ n. (also 亦作 parvise)  1  an enclosed area in front of a cathedral, church, etc. (教堂等建筑物的)前庭 2  a room over a church porch (教堂柱廊上面的)房间 [Middle English from Old French parvis, ultimately from Late Latin paradisus PARADISE, in the Middle Ages denoting a court in front of St Peter's, Rome]

parvovirus /ˈpɑ:vəʊvairəs/ n.  any of a class of small viruses affecting vertebrate animals, esp. one which causes contagious disease in dogs 小脱氧核糖核酸病毒(尤指导致狗身上的传染性疾病的病毒) [Latin parvus ‘small’ + VIRUS]

pas /pɑ:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a step in dancing, esp. in classical ballet (尤指古典芭蕾舞中的)舞步 [French, = step]

pascal n.  1 /ˈpæsk(ə)l/  the SI unit of pressure, equal to one newton per square metre 帕斯卡(国际压强单位，等于每平方米 1 牛顿) 2 (作 Pascal) /pæˈskɑ:l/ Computing  a programming language esp. used in education 【计算】帕斯卡语言(一种计算机语言，尤用于教育中) [named after B. Pascal, French scientist d. 1662: in sense 2 because he built a calculating machine]

paschal /ˈpæsk(ə)l, ˈpɑ:s-/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Jewish Passover (犹太人的)逾越节的；与逾越节有关的 2  of or relating to Easter 复活节的；与复活节相关的 [Middle English via Old French pascal and ecclesiastical Latin paschalis, from pascha via Greek paskha, from Aramaic pasha, related to Hebrew pesah PASSOVER]

paschal lamb n.  1  a lamb sacrificed at Passover 逾越节宰杀的羔羊 2  Christ 基督

pas de chat /pɑ: də ˈʃæ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a leap in which each foot in turn is raised to the opposite knee 巴代沙舞步(动作如同猫跳的步法) [French, = (dance) step of a cat]

pas de deux /pɑ: də ˈdɜ:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a dance for two persons 双人舞 [French]

pas glissé  see 见 GLISSÉ 

pash /pæʃ/ n. slang  a brief infatuation [俚语] (短暂的)迷恋 [abbreviation of PASSION]

pasha /ˈpɑ:ʃə/ n. (also 亦作 pacha) hist.  the title (placed after the name) of a Turkish officer of high rank, e.g. a military commander, the governor of a province, etc. [史义]帕夏(土耳其高级文武官员的称号，置于姓名后) [Turkish pasa, probably = basa, from bas ‘head, chief’]

pashm /ˈpæʃ(ə)m/ n.  the under-fur of some Tibetan animals, esp. that of goats as used for cashmere shawls 羊绒，(尤指)山羊绒(产自中国西藏，可织造开士米披巾) [Persian pašm ‘wool’]

Pashto /ˈpʌʃtəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n.  the official language of Afghanistan, also spoken in areas of Pakistan 普什图语(阿富汗官方语言，巴基斯坦有些地区亦使用该语言) ●adj.  of or in this language 普什图语的；与普什图语有关的 [Pashto]

paskha /ˈpɑ:skə, ˈpæskə, ˈpæsxə/ n.  a rich Russian dessert containing curd cheese and dried fruit, traditionally eaten at Easter 一种俄式甜点(上有乳状干酪、干果，复活节时食用) [Russian, = Easter]

paso doble /ˌpæsə(ʊ)ˈdəʊblei/ n.  1  a ballroom dance based on a Latin American style of marching (拉丁美洲进行曲式的)双步舞 2  this style of marching 快速二拍子舞 [Spanish, = double step]

pasque flower /pæsk, pɑ:sk/ n.  a plant of the buttercup family, Pulsatilla vulgaris, with bell-shaped purple flowers and fernlike foliage 欧白头翁；野银莲花(结钟状紫花，蕨状叶片) [earlier passe-flower from French passe-fleur: assimilated to pasque = obsolete pasch (as PASCHAL) ‘Easter’]

pasquinade /pæskwiˈneid/ n.  a lampoon or satire, originally one displayed in a public place (原贴在公共场所的)讽刺诗，讽刺文 [Italian pasquinata from Pasquino, the name of a statue in Rome on which abusive Latin verses were annually posted]

pass1 /pɑ:s/ v. & n. ●v. (past part. passed) (see also 亦见 PAST)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along, by, down, on, etc.)  move onward; proceed, esp. past some point of reference (尤指穿过)前行  saw the procession passing  看见队伍经过 2 tr.  a  go past; leave (a thing etc.) on one side or behind in proceeding 经过；越过b  overtake, esp. in a vehicle (尤指坐汽车)超越c  go across (a frontier, mountain range, etc.) 穿越(边境、山脉等) 3 intr. & tr.  be transferred or cause to be transferred from one person or place to another 传递；转移  pass the butter  传递黄油 the title passes to his son  把头衔传给他的儿子 4 tr.  surpass; be too great for 超出；超越  it passes my comprehension  这不是我所能理解的 5 intr.  get through; effect a passage 通过；使通过 6 intr.  a  be accepted as adequate; go uncensured 被批准；被通过  let the matter pass  让这事通过吧b (foll. by 后跟 as, for)  be accepted or currently known as 被当作；认为…c US (of a person with some black ancestry) be accepted as white [美] (带有黑人血统的人)被看作白人 7 tr.  move; cause to go 移动；使行进  passed her hand over her face  她用手抹了一下脸 passed a rope round it  把绳子绕在它上边 8  a intr. (of a candidate in an examination) be successful (参考人)通过(考试)b tr.  be successful in (an examination or course) 通过(考试或检查)c tr. (of an examiner) judge the performance of (a candidate) to be satisfactory (考官)考核(考生)成绩通过 9  a tr. (of a bill) be examined and approved by (a parliamentary body or process) (议会等)批准(议案)b tr.  cause or allow (a bill) to proceed to further legislative processes 使(或允许) (议案)继续c intr. (of a bill or proposal) be approved (议案或提议)获得通过 10 intr.  a  occur, elapse 出现；消逝  the remark passed unnoticed  这句话没有引起注意 time passes slowly  时光慢慢流逝b  happen; be done or said 发生；做出；说出  heard what passed between them  听到了他们之间所发生的事 11  a intr.  circulate; be current 流通；传播b tr.  put into circulation 使流通  was passing forged cheques  使用假支票 12 tr.  spend or use up (a certain time or period) 度过；消磨(时光或一段时间)  passed the afternoon reading  读书度过了一个下午 13 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (in field games) send (the ball) to another player of one's own side (板球等运动中)传(球)给队友 14 intr.  forgo one's turn or chance in a game etc. 弃权；轮空 15 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, into)  change from one form (to another) 变化；转化 16 intr.  come to an end 结束；停止 17 tr.  discharge from the body as or with excreta 排泄 18 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  utter (criticism) about 发表(评论)b  pronounce (a judicial sentence) on 宣布(判决) 19 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  adjudicate 作出判决，裁定 20 tr.  not declare or pay (a dividend) 不支付(红利) 21 tr.  cause (troops etc.) to go by esp. ceremonially 使(部队等)列队通过 ●n.  1  an act or instance of passing 经过，通过 2 Brit. [英]  a  success in an examination 考试通过b  the status of a university degree without honours 普通学士学位 3  written permission to pass into or out of a place, or to be absent from quarters 许可证 4  a  a ticket or permit giving free entry or access etc. 出入证b  = FREE PASS  5 (in field games) a transference of the ball to another player on the same side (板球等运动中的)传球给队友 6  a thrust in fencing (击剑时的)滑刺，戳刺 7  a juggling trick 杂耍手法 8  an act of passing the hands over anything, as in conjuring or hypnotism (魔术或催眠术中的)手法 9  a critical position 危急情况  has come to a fine pass  陷入困难处境 □ in passing   1  by the way 顺便(涉及) 2  in the course of speech, conversation, etc. 附带地(提及)□ make a pass at  colloq.  make amorous or sexual advances to [口]向…示爱□ pass away   1 euphem.  die [婉]死，去世 2  cease to exist; come to an end 消逝；停止□ pass the buck   see 见 BUCK3 □ pass by   1  go past 经过 2  disregard, omit 忽略；不顾□ pass one's eye over   read (a document etc.) cursorily (看文件等时)一掠而过□ pass the hat round   see 见 HAT □ pass muster   see 见 MUSTER □ pass off   1 (of feelings etc.) disappear gradually (情感等)逐渐消失 2 (of proceedings) be carried through (in a specified way) (程序)以特殊方式完成 3 (foll. by 后跟 as)  misrepresent (a person or thing) as something else 把(某人或事)假冒成别的人或事 4  evade or lightly dismiss (an awkward remark etc.) 回避，忽略(尴尬的言语等)□ pass on   1  proceed on one's way 继续前进 2 euphem.  die [婉]死，去世 3  transmit to the next person in a series 传递□ pass out   1  become unconscious 失去知觉，昏倒 2 Brit. Mil.  complete one's training as a cadet [英]【军】完成学业，毕业 3  distribute 分发□ pass over   1  omit, ignore, or disregard 省略，不顾，不管 2  ignore the claims of (a person) to promotion or advancement 不考虑提升(某人) 3 euphem.  die [婉]辞世，去世□ pass round (US [美] around)   1  distribute 分发 2  send or give to each of a number in turn 依次传递□ pass through   experience 经历□ pass the time of day   see 见 TIME □ pass up  colloq.  refuse or neglect (an opportunity etc.) [口]拒绝，放弃(机会等)□ pass water   urinate 小便，撒尿□ passer  n.   [Middle English from Old French passer, ultimately from Latin passus PACE1]

pass2 /pɑ:s/ n.  1  a narrow passage through mountains (山坳的)隘道，要隘 2  a navigable channel, esp. at the mouth of a river (尤指河口的)航道 □ sell the pass  Brit.  betray a cause [英]背叛事业 [Middle English, variant of PACE1, influenced by French pas ‘step, passage’ and by PASS1]

passable /ˈpɑ:səb(ə)l/ adj.  1  barely satisfactory; just adequate 过得去的，尚可的 2 (of a road, pass, etc.) that can be passed (道路、关口等)可通过的 □ passableness  n.  □ passably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as PASS1)]

passacaglia /pæsəˈkɑ:liə/ n. Mus.  an instrumental piece usu. with a ground bass 【音】(以帕萨卡利亚舞曲为基础的带有基础低音的)三拍子曲式 [Italian from Spanish pasacalle, from pasar ‘pass’ + calle ‘street’: originally often played in the streets]

passage1 /ˈpæsidʒ/ n.  1  the process or means of passing; transit 过，经过 2  = PASSAGEWAY  3  the liberty or right to pass through 通行自由；通行权 4  a  the right of conveyance as a passenger by sea or air (旅客乘船或乘飞机的)航行权b  a journey by sea or air (乘船或飞机的)航程；旅行 5  a transition from one state to another (从一国到另一国的)过渡；迁移 6  a  a short extract from a book etc. (书等的)一段；一节b  a section of a piece of music (音乐的)一段；一节 7  the passing of a bill etc. into law (法案等的)通过 8 (in pl. 用复数)  an interchange of words etc. (言辞等的)交流 9 Anat.  a duct etc. in the body 【解】(人体内的)管道，通道 □ passage of (or at) arms   a fight or dispute 打架；争论□ work one's passage   earn a right (originally of passage) by working for it 打工充作旅费 [Middle English from Old French (as PASS1)]

passage2 /ˈpæsidʒ/ v.  1 intr. (of a horse or rider) move sideways, by the pressure of the rein on the horse's neck and of the rider's leg on the opposite side (马或骑手)以斜横步前进 2 tr.  make (a horse) do this 使(马)以斜横步前进 [French passager, earlier passéger, via Italian passeggiare ‘to walk, pace’ from Latin passus PACE1]

passageway /ˈpæsidʒwei/ n.  a narrow way for passing along, esp. with walls on either side; a corridor (尤指两面有墙的)通道；走廊

passant /ˈpæs(ə)nt/ adj. Heraldry (of an animal) walking and looking to the dexter side, with three paws on the ground and the right forepaw raised 【纹章学】(动物)头向右前方举右前腿行进的 [Middle English from Old French, part. of passer PASS1]

passband /ˈpɑ:sbænd/ n.  a frequency band within which signals are transmitted by a filter without attenuation 通频带，传输频带

passbook /ˈpɑ:sbʊk/ n.  a book issued by a bank or building society etc. to an account-holder recording sums deposited and withdrawn (储户的)银行存折

passed pawn n. Chess  a pawn that has no enemy pawn that can hinder it from queening 【棋类】通路兵

passementerie /ˈpæsm(ə)ntri/ n.  a trimming of gold or silver lace, braid, beads, etc. 金银线(或穗、珠子等)镶边 [French, from passement ‘gold lace’ etc. from passer PASS1]

passenger /ˈpæsindʒə/ n.  1  a traveller in or on a public or private conveyance (other than the driver, pilot, crew, etc.) 乘客，旅客 2 colloq.  a member of a team, crew, etc., who does no effective work [口] (团队或船员中不干活成为负担的)无用人员 3 (作 attrib.)  for the use of passengers 乘客使用(的)  passenger seat  乘客座位 [Middle English via Old French passager (n.) from Old French passager (adj.) ‘passing’ (as PASSAGE1): -n- as in messenger etc.]

passenger-mile n.  one mile travelled by one passenger, as a unit of traffic 客英里(客运量计算单位)

passenger pigeon n.  an extinct wild pigeon of N. America, noted for migrating in huge flocks and hunted to extinction by 1914 旅鸽(产于北美的一种野生鸽子，因捕猎过度 1914 年已灭绝)

passepartout /pæspɑ:ˈtu:, pɑ:s-/ n.  1  a master key 万能钥匙 2  a simple picture frame (esp. for mounted photographs), esp. one consisting of a piece of glass stuck to a backing by adhesive tape along the edges (尤指用胶条把背板、玻璃粘在一起的)简易相框 3  adhesive tape or paper used for this (做简易相框用的)胶带(纸) [French, = passes everywhere]

passepied /pæspjei/ n.  a Breton dance like a quick minuet, popular in the 17th － 18th c. (流行于 17 至 18 世纪的)巴斯皮耶舞 [French, from passer ‘pass’ + pied ‘foot’]

passer-by /pɑ:səˈbai/ n. (pl. passers-by)  a person who goes past, esp. by chance (尤指偶然经过的)过路人

passerine /ˈpæsərain, -ri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  any bird of the order Passeriformes, comprising the perching birds, having feet with three toes pointing forward and one pointing backwards, including sparrows and other songbirds 雀形目鸟(包括麻雀、燕雀和鸣鸟) ●adj.  1  of or relating to this order 雀形目鸟的；与雀形目鸟有关的 2  of the size of a sparrow 麻雀般大小的 [Latin passer ‘sparrow’]

pas seul /ˈsɜ:l/ n.  a solo dance 单人舞，独舞 [French]

passible /ˈpæsib(ə)l/ adj. Theol.  capable of feeling or suffering 【神】易感觉的，易感动的 □ passibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French passible or Late Latin passibilis from Latin pati pass- ‘suffer’]

passim /ˈpæsim/ adv. (of allusions or references in a published work) to be found at various places throughout the text (书中的典故或引文)到处，处处，各处 [Latin, via passus ‘scattered’ from pandere ‘spread’]

passing /ˈpɑ:siŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in senses of PASS1 v. 用于 PASS1 的动词各释义 2  transient, fleeting 仓促的；粗略的  a passing glance  匆匆一瞥 3  cursory, incidental 随便的，不经意的  a passing reference  顺便提及 ●n.  1  in senses of PASS1 v. 用于 PASS1 的动词各释义 2 euphem.  the death of a person [婉]去世  mourned his passing  对他的去世表示悲痛 □ passingly  adv.  

passing note n. Mus.  a note not belonging to the harmony but interposed to secure a smooth transition 【音】经过音，补足音

passing shot n. Tennis  etc. a shot aiming the ball beyond and out of reach of the other player 【网球】超身球

passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  strong barely controllable emotion 激情 2  an outburst of anger 盛怒，激怒  flew into a passion  勃然大怒 3  intense sexual love 强烈的情爱 4  a  strong enthusiasm 酷爱  has a passion for football  酷爱足球b  a thing arousing this 让人酷爱的事物 5 (作 the Passion)  a  the suffering of Christ during his last days 耶稣受难b  a narrative of this from the Gospels 耶稣受难故事c  a musical setting of any of these narratives 耶稣受难曲 □ passionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin passio -onis from Latin pati pass- ‘suffer’]

passional /ˈpæʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. literary  of or marked by passion [文学用语]热情的；激情的 ●n.  a book of the sufferings of saints and martyrs 圣徒和殉难者的受难记

passionate /ˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  1  dominated by or easily moved to strong feeling, esp. love or anger 受强烈感情支配的；易受强烈感情影响的(尤指爱或怒) 2  showing or caused by passion 情绪激昂的 □ passionately  adv.  □ passionateness  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin passionatus (as PASSION)]

passion flower n.  any climbing plant of the genus Passiflora, with a flower that was supposed to suggest the instruments of the Crucifixion 西番莲

passion fruit n.  the edible fruit of some species of passion flower, esp. Passiflora edulis Also called 亦称作 grenadilla 西番莲果

passion play n.  a miracle play representing Christ's Passion 耶稣受难复活剧

Passion Sunday n.  the fifth Sunday in Lent (基督教的)受难主日(大斋期中的第 5 个星期日)

Passiontide /ˈpæʃ(ə)ntaid/ n.  the last two weeks of Lent 耶稣受难节(指大斋期中的最后两个星期)

Passion Week n.  1  the week between Passion Sunday and Palm Sunday (基督教的)受难周(从受难主日到棕枝主日的一周) 2  = HOLY WEEK 

passivate /ˈpæsiveit/ v. tr.  make (esp. metal) passive (see 见 PASSIVE 3b) 使(尤指铁)钝化 □ passivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

passive /ˈpæsiv/ adj.  1  suffering action; acted upon 被动的，受动的 2  offering no opposition; submissive 顺从的，不抵抗的 3  a  not active; inert 消极的；无活力的b (of a metal) abnormally unreactive owing to a surface coating of oxide (金属因表面有氧化层)惰性的；钝态的 4 Gram.  designating the voice in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. 如 in they were killed 他们被杀了) 【语法】被动式的；被动语态的 5 (of a debt) incurring no interest payment (债务)无利息的 □ passively  adv.  □ passiveness  n.  □ passivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French passif -ive or Latin passivus (as PASSION)]

passive obedience n.  1  surrender to another's will without cooperation 被动屈服 2  compliance with commands irrespective of their nature 消极屈从

passive resistance n.  non-violent refusal to cooperate 消极抵抗

passive smoking n.  the involuntary inhaling, esp. by a non-smoker, of smoke from others' cigarettes etc. 被动吸烟(尤指不吸烟者因他人吸烟而受害)

pass-key n.  1  a private key to a gate etc. for special purposes 私人钥匙；专用钥匙 2  a master key 万能钥匙

pass laws n. pl. hist. (in South Africa) laws (now repealed) which determined the passes to be carried by Africans, and restricted the free movement of African citizens [史义]通行记法(南非迫害有色人种，限制非洲居民自由行动的法律，现已废除)

pass-mark n. Brit.  the minimum mark needed to pass an examination [英] (最低的)及格分数

Passover /ˈpɑ:səʊvə/ n.  1  the Jewish spring festival commemorating the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage, held from the 14th to the 21st day of the seventh month of the Jewish year (犹太教的)逾越节(纪念犹太人撤离埃及) 2  = PASCHAL LAMB  [pass over = pass without touching, with reference to the exemption of the Israelites from the death of the first-born (Exod. 12)]

passport /ˈpɑ:spɔ:t/ n.  1  an official document issued by a government certifying the holder's identity and citizenship, and entitling the holder to travel under its protection to and from foreign countries 护照 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a thing that ensures admission or attainment (获得准许或某事物的)保障；手段  a passport to success  成功的保障 [French passeport (as PASS1, PORT1)]

password /ˈpɑ:swɜ:d/ n.  a selected word, phrase, or string of characters, securing recognition, admission, access to a computing system, etc., when used by those to whom it is disclosed 口令，通行密码

passé /ˈpæsei/ adj.  1  no longer fashionable; out of date 过时的，陈旧的 2 archaic  past one's prime [古义]已过盛年的 [French, past part. of passer PASS1]

past /pɑ:st/ adj., n., prep. & adv. ●adj.  1  gone by in time and no longer existing 过去的，以前的  in past years  在过去几年 the time is past  那个时代已过去了 2  recently completed or gone by 刚完成的；刚过去的  the past month  上个月 for some time past  过去某时 3  relating to a former time 前任的；先前的  past president  前任总统 4 Gram.  expressing a past action or state 【语法】过去式的；过去时的 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  past time 昔时，过去b  what has happened in past time 往事，历史  cannot undo the past  往事不能挽回 2  a person's past life or career, esp. if discreditable (尤指个人早年不光彩的)以往经历  a man with a past  过去生活放荡的人 3  a past tense or form 过去时；过去式 ●prep.  1  beyond in time or place (时间或地点)超过  is past two o'clock  两点多 ran past the house  跑过那所房子 2  beyond the range, duration, or compass of 超出(范围、持续时间或界限)  past belief  不可思议 past endurance  无法忍受 ●adv.  so as to pass by 经过  hurried past  匆忙而过 □ not put it past a person   believe it possible of a person 认为某人有可能□ past it  colloq.  old and useless [口]老而无用的 [past part. of PASS1 v.]

pasta /ˈpæstə/ n.  1  a type of dough extruded or stamped into various shapes for cooking (e.g. lasagne, spaghetti), and used fresh or dried 意大利面制品(如粗面条、细面条) 2  a dish made from this 一盘意大利面食 [Italian, = PASTE]

paste /peist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a moist fairly stiff mixture, esp. of powder and liquid (尤指面粉加水制成的)面团；糊状物 2  a dough of flour with fat, water, etc., used in baking (烘烤点心用的)油酥面团 3  an adhesive of flour, water, etc., esp. for sticking paper and other light materials (尤指用于粘贴纸张和其他类似材料的)糨糊 4  an easily spread preparation of ground meat, fish, etc. (肉酱、鱼酱等的)酱，糊  anchovy paste  鳀鱼酱 5  a  a hard vitreous composition used in making imitation gems (制人造宝石用的)铅质玻璃b  imitation jewellery made of this (用铅质玻璃制的)人造宝石 6  a mixture of clay, water, etc., used in making ceramic ware, esp. a mixture of low plasticity used in making porcelain (尤指制陶瓷用的)湿黏土 ●v. tr.  1  fasten or coat with paste 用糨糊粘贴 2 slang [俚语]  a  beat or thrash 打，痛打b  bomb or bombard heavily 轰炸；猛炸 □ pasting  n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin pasta ‘small square medicinal lozenge’ from Greek pastē, from pastos ‘sprinkled’]

pasteboard /ˈpeis(t)bɔ:d/ n.  1  a sheet of stiff material made by pasting together sheets of paper 硬纸板 2 (作 attrib.)  a  flimsy, unsubstantial 脆弱的；不结实的b  fake 假的

pastel /ˈpæst(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a crayon consisting of powdered pigments bound with a gum solution 彩色粉笔；蜡笔 2  a work of art in pastel 彩色粉笔画；蜡笔画 3  a light and subdued shade of a colour 淡而柔和的色调 ●adj.  of a light and subdued shade or colour 色彩柔和的 □ pastelist  n.  □ pastellist  n.   [French pastel or Italian pastello, diminutive of pasta PASTE]

pastern /ˈpæst(ə)n/ n.  1  the part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof 骹(马脚的球节与蹄之间的部分) 2  a corresponding part in other animals (动物的)骹骨 [Middle English pastron from Old French pasturon, from pasture ‘hobble’, ultimately from Latin pastorius ‘of a shepherd’: see PASTOR]

paste-up n.  a document prepared for copying etc. by combining and pasting various sections on a backing 拼贴版样

pasteurize /ˈpɑ:stʃəraiz, -stjə-, ˈpæs-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  subject (milk etc.) to the process of partial sterilization by heating 对(牛奶等)进行巴氏消毒 □ pasteurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ pasteurizer  n.   [named after L. Pasteur, French chemist d. 1895]

pasticcio /pæˈstitʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = PASTICHE  [Italian: see PASTICHE]

pastiche /pæˈsti:ʃ/ n.  1  a medley, esp. a picture or a musical composition, made up from or imitating various sources 杂集；集成曲(尤指图画、音乐的拼凑作品) 2  a literary or other work of art composed in the style of a well-known writer, artist, etc. (文学、艺术等模仿名家风格的)模仿作品 [French from Italian pasticcio, ultimately from Late Latin pasta PASTE]

pastille /ˈpæst(ə)l, -til/ n.  1  a small sweet or lozenge 糖锭；锭剂 2  a small roll of aromatic paste burnt as a fumigator etc. 芳香薰剂 [French from Latin pastillus ‘little loaf, lozenge’, from panis ‘loaf’]

pastille-burner n.  an ornamental ceramic container in which an aromatic pastille may be burnt (装饰用的)陶瓷芳香薰剂炉

pastime /ˈpɑ:staim/ n.  1  a recreation or hobby 娱乐；爱好 2  a sport or game 运动；游戏 [PASS1 + TIME]

pastis /ˈpæstis, pæˈsti:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  an aniseed-flavoured aperitif (茴香味的)开胃酒 [French]

past master n.  1  a person who is especially adept or expert in an activity, subject, etc. 老手，行家 2  a person who has been a master in a guild, Freemason's lodge, etc. (行会、共济会等的)前会长

pastor /ˈpɑ:stə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a minister in charge of a church or a congregation 牧师 2  a person exercising spiritual guidance 精神导师 3  a pink starling, Sturnus roseus, of E. Europe and Asia (产自东欧及亚洲的)粉红椋鸟 ●v.  1 tr.  a  be minister of (a church) 作(某教堂的)牧师b  have the spiritual care of (a congregation) 关心(教徒)精神状况 2 intr.  be a pastor 成为牧师 □ pastorship  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French pastour from Latin pastor -oris ‘shepherd’, from pascere past- ‘feed, graze’]

pastoral /ˈpɑ:st(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or associated with shepherds or flocks and herds 牧(羊)人的；畜牧的；与牧(羊)人有关的；与畜牧有关的 2 (of land) used for pasture (土地)用作牧场的 3 (of a poem, picture, etc.) portraying country life, usu. in a romantic or idealized form (诗、画等)田园风光的，田园式的 4  of or appropriate to a pastor 牧师的；适于牧师的 5  of or relating to a teacher's responsibility for the general well-being of pupils or students (教师)有关精神上指导的；与(教师)精神上指导有关的 ●n.  1  a pastoral poem, play, picture, etc. 田园诗(或剧、画等) 2  a letter from a pastor (esp. a bishop) to the clergy or people 牧函；(尤指主教的)教书 □ pastoralism  n.  □ pastorality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ pastorally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin pastoralis (as PASTOR)]

pastorale /pæstəˈrɑ:l, -ˈrɑ:li/ n. (pl. pastorales or pastorali /-li:/)  1  a slow instrumental composition in compound time, usu. with drone notes in the bass 田园曲 2  a simple musical play with a rural subject 描写田园生活的歌剧 [Italian (as PASTORAL)]

pastoralist /ˈpɑ:st(ə)r(ə)list/ n. Austral.  a farmer of sheep or cattle [澳]养羊人；养牛人

pastoral staff n.  a bishop's crosier 主教权杖

pastoral theology n.  theology that considers religious truth in relation to spiritual needs (涉及精神需要的)教牧神学

pastorate /ˈpɑ:st(ə)rət/ n.  1  the office or tenure of a pastor 牧师职务；牧师任期 2  a body of pastors 牧师团

past perfect adj. & n.  = PLUPERFECT 

pastrami /pæˈstrɑ:mi/ n.  seasoned smoked beef 五香烟薰牛肉 [Yiddish]

pastry /ˈpeistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a dough of flour, fat, and water, used as a base and covering for pies etc. 油酥面团 2  a  food, esp. cake, made wholly or partly of this 油酥食品(尤指点心)b  a piece or item of this food 一块(或一款)油酥糕点 [PASTE, influenced by Old French pastaierie]

pastry-cook n.  a cook who specializes in pastry, esp. for public sale 糕点师傅

pasturage /ˈpɑ:stʃəridʒ/ n.  1  land for pasture 牧场 2  the process of pasturing cattle etc. 放牧 [Old French (as PASTURE)]

pasture /ˈpɑ:stʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  land covered with grass etc. suitable for grazing animals, esp. cattle or sheep (尤指放牧牛或羊的)牧地，牧场 2  herbage for animals 牧草 ●v.  1 tr.  put (animals) to graze in a pasture 放牧(牲畜) 2 intr. & tr. (of animals) graze (牲畜)吃草 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin pastura (as PASTOR)]

pastureland /ˈpɑ:stʃəlænd/ n.  = PASTUREn. 1 

pasty1 /ˈpæsti/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit.  a pastry case with a usu. savoury filling, baked without a dish to shape it [尤英]馅饼 [Middle English from Old French pasté, ultimately from Late Latin pasta PASTE]

pasty2 /ˈpeisti/ adj. (pastier, pastiest)  1  of or like or covered with paste 糨糊的；糨糊似的 2  unhealthily pale (esp. in complexion) (尤指面色)苍白的；不健康的  pasty-faced  脸色苍白的 □ pastily  adv.  □ pastiness  n.  

Pat /pæt/ n. Brit. slang often offens.  a nickname for an Irishman [英] [俚语] [常冒犯]爱尔兰人 [abbreviation of the name Patrick]

Pat. abbr. [缩略]  Patent 

pat1 /pæt/ v. & n. ●v. (patted, patting)  1 tr.  strike gently with the hand or a flat surface (用手或扁平物)轻拍，轻打 2 tr.  flatten or mould by patting 把…拍平(或成形) 3 tr.  strike gently with the inner surface of the hand, esp. as a sign of affection, sympathy, or congratulation 用手掌轻拍(尤指以示爱抚、同情或祝贺) 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  beat lightly 轻打，轻拍 ●n.  1  a light stroke or tap, esp. with the hand in affection etc. (尤指表示爱抚等的)轻拍，轻打 2  the sound made by this 轻拍声 3  a small mass (esp. of butter) formed by patting (轻拍而成的)小团，小块(尤指黄油) □ pat on the back   a gesture of approval or congratulation 同意；祝贺□ pat a person on the back   congratulate a person 祝贺某人 [Middle English, probably imitative]

pat2 /pæt/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  known thoroughly and ready for any occasion 彻底了解的；准备充分的 2  apposite or opportune, esp. unconvincingly so (尤指令人信服的)恰当的；适宜的  gave a pat answer  恰如其分的回答 ●adv.  1  in a pat manner 彻底；充分 2  appositely, opportunely 恰当地；适宜地 □ have off (or down) pat   know or have memorized perfectly 彻底了解；完全记住□ stand pat  esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  stick stubbornly to one's opinion or decision (意见或决定)坚持不变 2 Poker  retain one's hand as dealt; not draw other cards 【扑克】用手中的牌打；不再发新牌□ patly  adv.  □ patness  n.   [16th c.: related to PAT1]

pat3 /pæt/ n.   □ on one's pat  Austral. slang  on one's own [澳] [俚语]单独，独自 [Pat Malone, rhyming slang for own]

pat-a-cake n.  a child's game with the patting of hands (the first words of a nursery rhyme) (根据一首儿歌的起首词按儿童韵律一起拍手的)儿童拍手游戏

patagium /pætəˈdʒaiəm/ n. (pl. patagia /-ˈdʒaiə/) Zool. 【动】  1  the wing membrane of a bat or similar animal (蝙蝠等的)翼膜，翅膜 2  a scale covering the wing joint in moths and butterflies (蛾和蝴蝶的)领片；翅基片 [medieval Latin use of Latin patagium, from Greek patageion ‘gold edging’]

patball /ˈpætbɔ:l/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a simple game in which a ball is hit back and forth between two players 跑柱式棒球 2 derog.  tennis, esp. when played at a slow pace [贬] (尤指慢慢打的)网球游戏

patch /pætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of material or metal etc. used to mend a hole or as reinforcement 补丁，补片，补块 2  a pad or shield worn over an eye or eye socket (保护眼睛的)眼罩 3  a dressing etc. put over a wound (护伤用的)膏药；裹伤布 4  a large or irregular distinguishable area (大块或形状不规则的)斑 5 Brit. colloq.  a period of time in terms of its characteristic quality [英口]某个期间，某段时间  went through a bad patch  经过不景气时期 6  a piece of ground 一块土地 7 Brit. colloq.  an area assigned to or patrolled by an authorized person, esp. a police officer [英口] (尤指警察的)管辖区 8  a number of plants growing in one place 一块地上的植物  brier patch  欧石南地 9  a scrap or remnant 碎片；碎屑 10  a  a temporary electrical connection 临时性电路b Computing  a small piece of code inserted to correct or enhance a program 【计算】(用于更正或加强某个程序的)程序补丁 11 hist.  a small disc etc. of black silk attached to the face, worn esp. by women in the 17th － 18th c. for adornment [史义]美人斑；饰颜片(尤指 17 至 18 世纪妇女在脸上贴的黑色圆绸片) 12 Mil.  a piece of cloth on a uniform as the badge of a unit 【军】(缀于制服上的)布质标识 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  repair with a patch or patches; put a patch or patches on 补缀，修补 2 tr. (of material) serve as a patch to (材料)用作…的补丁 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  put together, esp. hastily or in a makeshift way (尤指匆忙或临时)拼凑 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  settle (a quarrel etc.) esp. hastily or temporarily (尤指匆匆或暂时)平息(争吵等) 5 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through, into)  connect or be connected by a temporary electrical, radio, etc. connection (电路、无线电等)临时性连接 6 tr. Computing  correct or enhance (a routine, program, etc.) by inserting a patch 【计算】(插入补丁程序)校正(或提高) (例行程序、程序等) □ not a patch on  Brit. colloq.  greatly inferior to [英口]比不上，远不如□ patcher  n.   [Middle English pacche, patche, perhaps variant of peche, from Old French pieche a dialect variant of piece PIECE]

patchboard /ˈpætʃbɔ:d/ n.  a board with electrical sockets linked to enable changeable permutations of connection 配线板，接插板，接线盘

patch cord n.  an insulated lead with a plug at each end, for use with a patchboard (配电盘的)软线，接插线

patchouli /ˈpætʃʊli, pəˈtʃu:li/ n.  1  a strongly scented S. Asian shrub of the genus Pogostemon 广藿香(产自南亚的香味浓郁的灌木) 2  the perfume obtained from this (从广藿香中提炼而成的)广藿香油 [Tamil pacculi]

patch panel n.  = PATCHBOARD 

patch pocket n.  one made of a piece of cloth sewn on a garment (服装上的)贴袋，明袋

patch test n.  a test for allergy by applying to the skin patches containing allergenic substances 斑贴试验(检查过敏性疾病的皮肤接触试验)

patchwork /ˈpætʃwɜ:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  needlework in which small pieces of cloth in different designs are sewn together to form one article such as a quilt (由各种形状的许多小块织物拼缀而成的)拼缀物，补缀品 2  a thing composed of various small pieces or fragments 拼凑的东西 ●attrib. adj.  1  composed of patchwork pieces 拼缀的；拼凑的 2  a  resembling patchwork 类似拼凑的；类似拼缀的  patchwork fields  一片片田野b  pieced together with lack of uniformity 繁杂的；杂烩的  patchwork political philosophy  杂七杂八的政治哲学

patchy /ˈpætʃi/ adj. (patchier, patchiest)  1  uneven in quality 质量不一致的；不均匀的 2  having or existing in patches 有补丁的；有斑块的 □ patchily  adv.  □ patchiness  n.  

pate /peit/ n. archaic or joc.  the head, esp. representing the seat of intellect [古义] [诙]头；脑；(尤指)智力 [Middle English: origin unknown]

patella /pəˈtelə/ n. (pl. patellae /-li:/)  the kneecap 髌骨，膝盖骨 □ patellar  adj.  □ patellate  /-lət/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of patina: see PATEN]

paten /ˈpæt(ə)n/ n.  1  a shallow dish used for the bread at the Eucharist 圣餐盘 2  a thin circular plate of metal 金属浅圆盘 [Middle English, ultimately via Old French patene or Latin patena, patina ‘shallow dish’ from Greek patanē ‘a plate’]

patent /ˈpeit(ə)nt, ˈpæt-/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a government authority to an individual or organization conferring a right or title, esp. the sole right to make or use or sell some invention 专利(权) 2  a document granting this authority 专利证书 3  an invention or process protected by it 专利发明；专利方法 ●adj.  1 /ˈpeit(ə)nt/  obvious, plain 明显的，显著的 2  conferred or protected by patent 授予专利的；受专利权保护的 3  a  made and marketed under a patent; proprietary 专卖的；专有的b  to which one has a proprietary claim 特许专卖的 4  such as might be patented; ingenious, well-contrived 独出心裁的，设计巧妙的 5 (of an opening etc.) allowing free passage (通道等)开放的；可自由通过的 ●v. tr.  obtain a patent for (an invention) 获得(某项发明的)专利 □ patency  n.  □ patentable  adj.  □ patently  /ˈpeit(ə)ntli/ adv. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)   [Middle English from Old French patent and Latin patēre ‘lie open’: the noun an ellipsis for LETTERS PATENT]

patentee /peit(ə)nˈti:, pæt-/ n.  1  a person who takes out or holds a patent 专利权持有者 2  a person for the time being entitled to the benefit of a patent 临时获得专利权利益的人

patent leather n.  leather with a glossy varnished surface 漆皮，漆革

patent medicine n.  medicine made and marketed under a patent and available without prescription 专利药品；成药，专卖药(指不要处方就能买到的现成药)

patent office n.  an office from which patents are issued 专利局

patentor /ˈpeit(ə)ntə/ n.  a person or body that grants a patent 专利授予人(或机构)

Patent Roll n. (in the UK) a list of patents issued in a year (英国一年一本的)专利登记簿

pater /ˈpeitə/ n. Brit. slang  father [英] [俚语]父亲 [Latin]■Usage 用法说明 Pater is now only found in jocular or affected use. Pater 目前只在诙谐语或矫揉造作的用法中见到。 

paterfamilias /peitəfəˈmiliæs, pætə-/ n.  the male head of a family or household 男性户主 [Latin, = father of the family]

paternal /pəˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like or appropriate to a father 父亲的；父亲般的 2  fatherly 慈父般的 3  related through the father 父系的，父方的 4 (of a government etc.) limiting freedom and responsibility by well-meant regulations (政府等)家长式统治的 □ paternally  adv.   [Late Latin paternalis from Latin paternus, from pater ‘father’]

paternalism /pəˈtɜ:n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the policy or practice of governing in a paternal way, or behaving paternally to one's associates or subordinates 家长式的统治(或管理、作风) □ paternalist  n.  □ paternalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ paternalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

paternity /pəˈtɜ:niti/ n.  1  fatherhood 父亲身份 2  one's paternal origin 父系，父亲血统 3  the source or authorship of a thing 来源，出处 [Middle English from Old French paternité or Late Latin paternit-as]

paternity suit n.  a lawsuit held to determine whether a certain man is the father of a certain child 生父确认诉讼程序

paternity test n.  a blood test to determine whether a man may be or cannot be the father of a particular child 亲子鉴定

paternoster /pætəˈnɒstə/ n.  1  a  the Lord's Prayer, esp. in Latin (尤指拉丁文的)主祷文b  a rosary bead indicating that this is to be said (一串念珠中的)祈祷珠 2  a lift consisting of a series of linked doorless compartments moving continuously on a circular belt 链斗式升降机 [Old English from Latin pater noster ‘our father’, the first words of the prayer]

path /pɑ:θ/ n. (pl. paths /pɑ:ðz/)  1  a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading (供行走或踩出来的)小径，小道 2  the line along which a person or thing moves (人或物移动的)路线，路径  flight path  飞行路线 3  a course of action or conduct (行为或举动的)步骤 4  a sequence of movements or operations taken by a system (系统移动或操作的)轨迹 □ pathless  adj.   [Old English pœth, from West Germanic]

-path /pæθ/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  a practitioner of curative treatment (homoeopath 使用顺势疗法的医生 ; osteopath 整骨医生) 使用…疗法的医生 2  a person who suffers from a disease (psychopath 精神病患者) …的疾病患者 [back-formation from -PATHY, or from Greek -pathēs ‘-sufferer’ (as PATHOS)]

Pathan /pəˈtɑ:n/ n.  a member of a Pashto-speaking people inhabiting NW Pakistan and SE Afghanistan (居住在巴基斯坦西北和阿富汗东南的说普什图语的)帕坦人 [Hindi]

pathetic /pəˈθetik/ adj.  1  arousing pity or sadness or contempt 令人怜悯的；可悲的；可鄙的 2 colloq.  miserably inadequate [口]极为不足的 3 archaic  of the emotions [古义]感情的 □ pathetically  adv.   [French pathétique via Late Latin patheticus from Greek pathētikos (as PATHOS)]

pathetic fallacy n.  the attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things, esp. in art and literature (尤指艺术和文学中的)感情的误置(即赋予无生命的东西以情感)

pathfinder /ˈpɑ:θfaində/ n.  1  a person who explores new territory, investigates a new subject, etc. 探索者；先驱 2  an aircraft or its pilot sent ahead to locate and mark the target area for bombing 导航飞机；导航人员

patho- /ˈpæθəʊ/ comb. form  disease [构词成分]疾病 [Greek pathos ‘suffering’: see PATHOS]

pathogen /ˈpæθədʒ(ə)n/ n.  an agent causing disease 病原体 □ pathogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ pathogenous  /-ˈθɒdʒinəs/ adj.   [PATHO- + -GEN]

pathogenesis /pæθəˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 pathogeny /pəˈθɒdʒini/)  the manner of development of a disease 发病机理 □ pathogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

pathological /pæθəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of pathology 病理(学)的 2  of or caused by a physical or mental disorder 疾病的；由疾病引起的  a pathological fear of spiders  对蜘蛛的恐惧病 □ pathologically  adv.  

pathology /pəˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of bodily diseases 病理学 2  the symptoms of a disease 病症 □ pathologist  n.   [French pathologie or modern Latin pathologia (as PATHO-, -LOGY)]

pathos /ˈpeiθɒs/ n.  a quality in speech, writing, events, etc., that excites pity or sadness (演讲、写作、活动等中)激起怜悯(或悲伤)的因素 [Greek pathos ‘suffering’, related to paskhō ‘suffer’, penthos ‘grief’]

pathway /ˈpɑ:θwei/ n.  1  a path or its course 小路，小径 2 Biochem.  etc. a sequence of reactions undergone in a living organism 【生化】(在活着的生物体内进行的系列反应的)途径

-pathy /pəθi/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  curative treatment (allopathy 对抗疗法 ; homoeopathy 顺势疗法) 疗法 2  feeling (telepathy 心灵感应) 感觉 [Greek patheia ‘suffering’]

Patience /ˈpeiʃəns/   佩兴斯 [人名]

patience /ˈpeiʃ(ə)ns/ n.  1  calm endurance of hardship, provocation, pain, delay, etc. (对困苦、挑衅、痛苦、延误等的)容忍，忍耐 2  tolerant perseverance or forbearance 克制；坚持 3  the capacity for calm self-possessed waiting 忍耐性；忍受力 4 esp. Brit.  a game for one player in which cards taken in random order have to be arranged in certain groups or sequences [尤英]单人纸牌戏(将无序的牌按一定的组合或顺序排好) □ have no patience with   1  be unable to tolerate 不能容忍，对…没有耐心 2  be irritated by 被…弄得恼火 [Middle English via Old French from Latin patientia (as PATIENT)]

patient /ˈpeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having or showing patience 忍耐的，有耐心的 ●n.  a person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment 病人 □ patiently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin patiens -entis, pres. part. of pati ‘suffer’]

patina /ˈpætinə/ n. (pl. patinas)  1  a film, usu. green, formed on the surface of old bronze 铜锈，铜绿 2  a similar film on other surfaces (如铜锈般附在表面的)薄层 3  a gloss produced by age on woodwork (木器上年深日久的)光泽 □ patinated  /-neitid/ adj.  □ patination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Italian from Latin patina ‘dish’]

patio /ˈpætiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a paved usu. roofless area adjoining and belonging to a house (连着房屋并铺有地面的)平台，露台 2  an inner court open to the sky in a Spanish or Spanish-American house (西班牙式或美西式房屋的)院子，天井 [Spanish]

patio rose n.  a miniature floribunda rose 微型多花月季

patisserie /pəˈti:s(ə)ri/ n.  1  a shop where pastries are made and sold 糕点店 2  pastries collectively 糕点(总称) [French pɑˆtisserie from medieval Latin pasticium ‘pastry’, from pasta PASTE]

Patna rice /ˈpætnə/ n.  a variety of rice with long firm grains (颗粒细长而坚硬的)巴特那稻米 [Patna, a district in India, where it was originally grown]

patois /ˈpætwɑ:/ n. (pl. same /-wɑ:z/ 单复同)  the dialect of the common people in a region, differing fundamentally from the literary language (不同于文学语言的)方言，土语 [French, = rough speech, perhaps from Old French patoier ‘treat roughly’ from patte ‘paw’]

patrial /ˈpeitriəl/ adj. & n. Brit. hist. [英史义] ●adj.  having the right to live in the UK through the British birth of a parent or a grandparent (因父母、祖父母出生在英国而)具有英国国籍的，具有英国居住权的 ●n.  a person with this right 具有英国国籍的人，具有英国居住权的人 □ patriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.   [obsolete French patrial or medieval Latin patrialis, via Latin patria ‘fatherland’ from pater ‘father’]

patriarch /ˈpeitriɑ:k/ n.  1  a man who is the head of a family or tribe (男性)家长；族长 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) Bibl.  any of those regarded as fathers of the human race, esp. the sons of Jacob, or Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their forefathers 【圣经】(人类的)祖先(尤指雅各的儿子们或亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各及其祖先) 3 Eccl. 【教会】  a  the title of a chief bishop, esp. those presiding over the Churches of Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople, and (formerly) Rome; now also the title of the heads of certain autocephalous Orthodox Churches 大主教(尤指在安条克、亚历山大德里亚、君士坦丁堡和旧时罗马的主教；现指某些自治东正教的教首)b (in the Roman Catholic Church) a bishop ranking next above primates and metropolitans, and immediately below the Pope (天主教中仅次于教皇的)大主教c  the head of a Uniate community (东仪天主教的)牧首 4  a  the founder of an order, science, etc. (某教团、学派等的)创始人；鼻祖b  a venerable old man 年长者，德高望重的人c  the oldest member of a group (一群人中的)最年长者 □ patriarchal  /-ˈɑ:k(ə)l/ adj.  □ patriarchally  /-ˈɑ:k(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French patriarche and ecclesiastical Latin patriarcha from Greek patriarkhēs, via patria ‘family’ from patēr ‘father’ + -arkhēs ‘-ruler’]

patriarchate /ˈpeitriɑ:kət/ n.  1  the office, see, or residence of an ecclesiastical patriarch 牧首职位(或教区、住所) 2  the rank of a tribal patriarch 家长(或族长)的地位 [medieval Latin patriarchatus (as PATRIARCH)]

patriarchy /ˈpeitriɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  a form of social organization or government etc. in which a man or men rule and descent is reckoned through the male line 父权制(社会组织或政府等的组成形式) □ patriarchism  n.   [medieval Latin patriarchia from Greek patriarkhia (as PATRIARCH)]

Patricia /pəˈtriʃə/   帕特里夏 [人名]

patrician /pəˈtriʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a member of the ancient Roman nobility (cf. 参见 PLEBEIAN n. 1) [史义] (古罗马的)贵族 2 hist.  a nobleman in some Italian republics [史义] (中世纪意大利的一些共和国的)显贵 3  an aristocrat 贵族 4 N. Amer.  a refined or well-bred person [北美]有教养的人 ●adj.  1  noble, aristocratic 高贵的；贵族的 2 hist.  of the ancient Roman nobility [史义]古罗马贵族的 3 N. Amer.  refined, well-bred [北美]有教养的 [Middle English via Old French patricien from Latin patricius ‘having a noble father’, from pater patris ‘father’]

patriciate /pəˈtriʃiət/ n.  1  a patrician order; an aristocracy 贵族集团；贵族阶级 2  the rank of patrician 贵族地位 [Latin patriciatus (as PATRICIAN)]

patricide /ˈpætrisaid/ n.  1  the killing of one's father 杀父，弑父 2  a person who commits patricide 杀父者，弑父者 □ patricidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin patricida, patricidium, alteration of Latin parricida, parricidium (see PARRICIDE) by association with pater ‘father’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PARRICIDE. 见 PARRICIDE 的用法说明。 

Patrick /ˈpætrik/   帕特里克 [人名]

patrilineal /pætriˈliniəl/ adj.  of or relating to, or based on kinship with, the father or descent through the male line 父系的；父子相传的 [Latin pater patris ‘father’ + LINEAL]

patrimony /ˈpætriməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  property inherited from one's father or ancestor (父亲或祖先传下的)祖传财产；世袭财产 2  a heritage 继承物；遗产 3  the endowment of a Church etc. (教会等的)捐赠，捐助 □ patrimonial  /-ˈməʊniəl/ adj.   [Middle English patrimoigne via Old French patrimoine from Latin patrimonium, from pater patris ‘father’]

patriot /ˈpætriət, ˈpeit-/ n.  a person who is devoted to and ready to support or defend his or her country 爱国者，爱国主义者 □ patriotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.  □ patriotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.  □ patriotism  n.   [French patriote via Late Latin patriota from Greek patriōtēs, via patrios ‘of one's fathers’ from patris ‘fatherland’]

patristic /pəˈtristik/ adj.  of the early Christian theologians or their writings (早期)基督教教父的；基督教教父著作的 □ patristics  n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)   [German patristisch from Latin pater patris ‘father’]

patrol /pəˈtrəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act of walking or travelling around an area, esp. at regular intervals, in order to protect or supervise it (尤指定期的)巡逻，巡查 2  one or more persons or vehicles assigned or sent out on patrol, esp. a detachment of guards, police, etc. 巡逻兵，巡逻队(尤指保安队、警察等)；巡逻车 3  a  a detachment of troops sent out to reconnoitre 侦察队b  such reconnaissance 侦察 4  a routine operational voyage of a ship or aircraft (舰艇或飞机的)例行作战航行 5  a routine monitoring of astronomical or other phenomena (对天文或其他现象的)例行监视 6 Brit.  an official controlling traffic where children cross the road [英] (孩子们过马路时的)官方交通管制 7  a unit of six to eight Scouts or Guides (由 6 至 8 人组成的)童子军小队 ●v. (patrolled, patrolling)  1 tr.  carry out a patrol of 在…巡逻 2 intr.  act as a patrol 巡逻，巡查 □ patroller  n.   [French patrouiller ‘paddle in mud’ from patte ‘paw’: the noun via German Patrolle from French patrouille]

patrol car n.  a police car used in patrolling roads and streets 巡逻警车

patrolman /pəˈtrəʊlmən/ n. (pl. -men) US  a police officer of the lowest rank [美]巡警

patrology /pəˈtrɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study of the writings of the Fathers of the Church 教父著作研究 2  a collection of such writings 教父著作集 □ patrological  /pætrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ patrologist  n.   [Greek patēr patros ‘father’]

patrol wagon n. esp. N. Amer.  a police van for transporting prisoners [尤北美]囚车

patron /ˈpeitr(ə)n/ n. (fem. patroness /-nis/)  1  a person who gives financial or other support to a person, cause, work of art, etc., esp. one who buys works of art, or takes an honorary position in a charity etc. 资助人，赞助人 2  a usu. regular customer of a shop etc. (商店等的)常客，老主顾 3 Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  a  the former owner of a freed slave (奴隶获得自由前的)前主人b  the protector of a client (客户的)保护者，庇护人 4 Brit.  a person or institution with the right to present a member of the clergy to a benefice [英]有权授予牧师职位的人(或机构) [Middle English via Old French from Latin patronus ‘protector of clients, defender’, from pater patris ‘father’]

patronage /ˈpætr(ə)nidʒ, ˈpeit-/ n.  1  the support, promotion, or encouragement given by a patron 资助，赞助 2  the control of appointments to office, privileges, etc. (职务、特权等的)任命权 3  a patronizing or condescending manner 恩赐态度；屈尊态度 4 Rom. Antiq.  the rights and duties or position of a patron [古罗马]赞助人的权力和义务(或地位) 5  a customer's support for a shop etc. (顾客对某商店等的)惠顾，光顾 [Middle English from Old French (as PATRON)]

patronal /pəˈtrəʊn(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a patron saint 守护神的；与守护神相关的  the patronal festival  守护神节日 [French patronal or Late Latin patronalis (as PATRON)]

patronize /ˈpætrənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  treat condescendingly 屈尊对待 2  act as a patron towards (a person, cause, artist, etc.); support; encourage 资助，赞助(某人、事业、艺术家等)；支持；鼓励 3  frequent (a shop etc.) as a customer 光顾，惠顾(商店等) □ patronization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ patronizer  n.  □ patronizing  adj.  □ patronizingly  adv.   [obsolete French patroniser or medieval Latin patronizare (as PATRON)]

patron saint n.  the protecting or guiding saint of a person, place, etc. (某人、某地等的)守护神

patronymic /pætrəˈnimik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor (e.g. 如 Johnson 约翰逊 , O'Brien 奥布赖恩 , Ivanovich 伊凡诺维奇) 父系的姓，源于父名的姓 ●adj. (of a name) so derived (姓名)源于父姓的 [Late Latin patronymicus from Greek patrōnumikos, via patrōnumos from patēr patros ‘father’ + onuma, onoma ‘name’]

patroon /pəˈtru:n/ n. US hist.  a landowner with manorial privileges under the Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey [美史义] (荷兰殖民统治时期纽约和新泽西享有大宗地产特权的)大地主，大庄园主 [Dutch, = PATRON]

patsy /ˈpætsi/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. N. Amer. slang  a person who is deceived, ridiculed, tricked, etc. [尤北美] [俚语]易上当(或受愚弄、受骗)的人 [19th c.: origin unknown]

patten /ˈpæt(ə)n/ n. hist.  a shoe or clog with a raised sole or set on an iron ring, for walking in mud etc. [史义] (在泥泞地上行走时穿的)木套鞋，木鞋 [Middle English from Old French patin, from patte ‘paw’]

patter1 /ˈpætə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a rapid succession of taps, as of rain on a window pane 啪嗒啪嗒地拍打(犹如雨点拍打在窗户上) 2 intr.  run with quick short steps 啪嗒啪嗒急促地跑 3 tr.  cause (water etc.) to patter 使(水等)发出拍击声 ●n.  a rapid succession of taps, short light steps, etc. 急促的啪嗒声；短促的脚步声 [PAT1]

patter2 /ˈpætə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the rapid speech used by a comedian or introduced into a song (滑稽演员的)快板，顺口溜b  the words of a comic song 急口歌，急口词 2  the words used by a person selling or promoting a product; a sales pitch (小贩等的)叫卖声 3  the special language or jargon of a profession, class, etc. 行话，黑话；切口 ●v.  1 tr.  repeat (prayers etc.) in a rapid mechanical way 喋喋不休地重复(祷文等) 2 intr.  talk glibly or mechanically 说顺口溜 [Middle English, from pater = PATERNOSTER]

pattern /ˈpæt(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a repeated decorative design on wallpaper, cloth, a carpet, etc. (壁纸、布、地毯等的)图案，花样 2  a regular or logical form, order, or arrangement of parts 模式；方式；形式  behaviour pattern  行为模式 the pattern of one's daily life  一个人的日常生活方式 3  a model or design, e.g. of a garment, from which copies can be made (衣服等的)纸样；模型 4  an example of excellence; an ideal; a model 模范；典范；榜样  a pattern of elegance  雅致的典范 5  a wooden or metal figure from which a mould is made for a casting 模具 6  a sample (of cloth, wallpaper, etc.) (布、壁纸等的)样品，样板 7  the marks made by shots, bombs, etc. on a target or target area (炮弹、子弹在靶区或靶上的)散布面；弹洞分布图 8  a random combination of shapes or colours 随意形成的形状(或色彩) ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 after, on)  model (a thing) on a design etc. 仿造，仿制；照…的样子制作 2  decorate with a pattern 用图案装饰；给…加上花样 [Middle English patron (see PATRON): differentiated in sense and spelling since the 16th － 17th c.]

pattern bombing n.  bombing over a large area, not on a single target 定形轰炸(在目标区内按一定形状投弹的轰炸方法)

Patti /ˈpæti/   帕蒂 [人名]

Pattie /ˈpæti/   帕蒂 [人名]

Patty /ˈpæti/   帕蒂 [人名]

patty /ˈpæti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a little pie or pastry 小馅饼；小面点 2  a small flat cake of minced meat etc. 小肉饼 3 esp. N. Amer.  a small round flat sweet [尤北美]小片糖 [French pɑˆté PASTY1]

pattypan /ˈpætipæn/ n.  a pan for baking a patty 小馅饼烤锅；饼铛

pattée /ˈpætei, -ti/ adj. (of a cross) having almost triangular arms becoming very broad at the ends so as to form a square (十字)外端粗大且呈三角形的 [French, from patte ‘paw’]

patulous /ˈpætjʊləs/ adj.  1 Bot. or literary (of branches etc.) spreading 【植】[文学用语] (树枝等)平展的 2 formal  open; expanded [正式]开放的；扩展的 [Latin patulus from patēre ‘be open’]

patzer /ˈpɑ:tsə, ˈpæt-/ n.  a poor player at chess 棋艺差的棋手，臭棋篓子 [perhaps related to German patzen ‘bungle’]

paua /ˈpɑ:wə, ˈpaʊə/ n.  1  a large edible New Zealand shellfish of the genus Haliotis (产于新西兰的可食用的)大鲍 2  its ornamental shell (装饰用的)大鲍贝壳 3  a fish-hook made from this (鲍壳制成的)鱼钩 [Maori]

paucity /ˈpɔ:siti/ n.  smallness of number or quantity 少量，少许 [Middle English from Old French paucité, or from Latin paucitas from paucus ‘few’]

Paul /pɔ:l/   保罗 [人名]

Paula /ˈpɔ:lə/   葆拉 [人名]

Pauli exclusion principle /ˈpaʊli/ n. Physics  the assertion that no two fermions can have the same quantum number 【物理学】泡利不相溶原理 [named after W. Pauli, Austrian physicist d. 1958]

Pauline /ˈpɔ:lain/ adj.  of or relating to St Paul 圣保罗的；与圣保罗相关的  the Pauline Epistles  保罗书信 [Middle English via medieval Latin Paulinus from Latin Paulus ‘Paul’]

Paul Jones /pɔ:l ˈdʒəʊnz/ n.  a ballroom dance in which partners are exchanged according to a pattern 保罗·琼斯舞(可交换舞伴的一种交际舞) [the name of an American naval officer d. 1792]

paulownia /pɔ:ˈləʊniə, -ˈlɒvniə/ n.  any Chinese tree of the genus Paulownia, with fragrant purple flowers 泡桐，毛泡桐(产自中国，开有紫色的香花) [named after Anna Paulovna, Russian princess d. 1865]

paunch /pɔ:n(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the belly or stomach, esp. when protruding (尤指男子的)大肚子，啤酒肚 2 Naut.  a thick strong mat used to give protection from chafing, esp. on a mast or spar 【海】防摩席，垫席 ●v. tr.  disembowel (an animal) 除去(动物)的内脏 □ paunchy  adj. (paunchier, paunchiest)  □ paunchiness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French pa(u)nche, Old Northern French panche, ultimately from Latin pantex panticis ‘bowels’]

pauper /ˈpɔ:pə/ n.  1  a person without means; a beggar 穷人；乞丐 2 hist.  a recipient of poor-law relief [史义] (按济贫法)领取救济金的人 3 Law  a person who may sue in forma pauperis 【法律】可以以贫民身份起诉的人 □ pauperdom  /-dəm/ n.  □ pauperism  /-riz(ə)m/ n.  □ pauperize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ pauperization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin, = poor]

pause /pɔ:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an interval of inaction, esp. when due to hesitation; a temporary stop (尤指因犹豫而)暂时中止；停顿，暂停 2  a break in speaking or reading; a silence (发言或朗读中的)停顿 3 Mus.  a mark (‹F022›) over a note or rest that is to be lengthened by an unspecified amount 【音】延长记号(标在音符或休止符上，表示该符号可延长其时值) 4  a control allowing the interruption of the operation of a tape recorder etc. (磁带录音机等的)暂停控制键 ●v. intr.  1  make a pause; wait 暂停；停顿，停留 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  linger over (a word etc.) 拖长，延长(单词等) □ give pause to   cause (a person) to hesitate 使(某人)犹豫 [Middle English via Old French pause or Latin pausa from Greek pausis, from pauō ‘stop’]

pavage /ˈpeividʒ/ n.  1  paving 铺路，铺砌 2 hist.  a tax or toll towards the paving of streets [史义]铺路捐，铺路税 [Middle English from Old French, from paver PAVE]

pavane /pəˈvæn, -ˈvɑ:n/ n. (also 亦作 pavan /ˈpæv(ə)n/)  1 hist.  a stately dance in slow duple time, performed in elaborate clothing [史义] (庄重的)帕凡舞 2  the music for this 帕凡舞曲 [French pavane from Spanish pavana, perhaps from pavon ‘peacock’]

pave /peiv/ v. tr.  1  a  cover (a street, floor, etc.) with asphalt, stone, etc. (用沥青、石头等)铺，铺砌(街道或地面等)b  cover or strew (a floor etc.) with anything 铺满，撒铺(地面等)  paved with flowers  遍地鲜花 2  prepare 做准备；铺平道路  paved the way for her arrival  为她的到来做准备 □ paver  n.  □ paving  n.  □ pavior  /ˈpeiviə/ n. (also 亦作 paviour)   [Middle English from Old French paver, back-formation (as PAVEMENT)]

pavement /ˈpeivm(ə)nt/ n.  1 Brit.  a paved path for pedestrians at the side of and a little higher than a road [英]人行道 2  the covering of a street, floor, etc., made of tiles, wooden blocks, asphalt, and esp. of rectangular stones (尤指长方形的石砌的)硬石地面(或路面等) 3 N. Amer.  a roadway [北美]车道，行车道 4 Zool.  a pavement-like formation of close-set teeth, scales, etc. 【动】铺石般排列整齐的齿(或鳞)列 [Middle English via Old French from Latin pavimentum, from pavire ‘beat, ram’]

pavement artist n. Brit.  an artist who draws with coloured chalks on paving stones or paper laid on a pavement, hoping to be given money by passers-by [英] (用彩色粉笔在路面上或铺在地上的纸上作画，以向行人讨钱的)马路画家

pavilion /pəˈviljən/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  a building at a cricket or other sports ground used for changing, refreshments, etc. [英] (板球场等运动场所的)运动员更衣室(或休息室) 2  a summer house or other decorative building in a garden (公园里的)凉亭，亭子；(装饰性的)楼阁 3  a tent, esp. a large one with crenellated decorations at a show, fair, etc. (展览、集市等使用的)大帐篷 4  a building used for entertainments (用于娱乐等的)亭，台，场 5  a temporary stand at an exhibition 临时展台 6  a detached building at a hospital (医院的)隔离式病楼；分馆式病房 7  a usu. highly decorated projecting subdivision of a building (通常指大楼装饰华美的)突出部分 8  the part of a cut gemstone below the girdle 多角形宝石的下部(或斜面) ●v. tr.  enclose in or provide with a pavilion 笼罩；给…搭帐篷 [Middle English via Old French pavillon from Latin papilio -onis ‘butterfly, tent’]

paving stone n.  a large flat usu. rectangular piece of stone etc. for paving (常为长方形的)铺路石

pavior, paviour  see 见 PAVE 

pavlova /ˈpævləvə, pævˈləʊvə/ n.  a meringue cake with cream and fruit 奶油水果酥皮饼 [named after A. Pavlova, Russian ballerina d. 1931]

Pavlovian /pævˈləʊviən/ adj.  of or relating to I. P. Pavlov, Russian physiologist d. 1936, or his work, esp. on conditioned reflexes (俄罗斯生理学家)巴甫洛夫的；巴甫洛夫学说的；(尤指)条件反射的

pavonine /ˈpævənain/ adj.  of or like a peacock 孔雀的；孔雀似的 [Latin pavoninus from pavo -onis ‘peacock’]

pavé /ˈpævei, 法 pave/ n.  1  a paved street, road, or path 铺砌而成的街道(或道路、小道) 2  a setting of jewels placed closely together 密镶的宝石 [French, past part. of paver: see PAVE]

paw /pɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a foot of an animal having claws or nails (动物的)脚爪，爪子 2 colloq.  a person's hand [口] (人的)手 ●v.  1 tr.  strike or scrape with a paw or foot 用爪(或脚)抓(或扒) 2 intr.  scrape the ground with a paw or hoof 用爪子抓；用蹄扒 3 tr. colloq.  fondle awkwardly or indecently [口] (笨拙或下流地)摸弄，触摸 [Middle English pawe, powe from Old French poue etc., ultimately from Frankish]

pawky /ˈpɔ:ki/ adj. (pawkier, pawkiest) Sc. & dial. [苏格兰方]  1  drily humorous 冷面幽默的，木然幽默的 2  shrewd 狡诈的；精明的 □ pawkily  adv.  □ pawkiness  n.   [Scots & northern English dialect pawk ‘trick’, of unknown origin]

pawl /pɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lever with a catch for the teeth of a wheel or bar 棘爪，卡爪，推爪 2 Naut.  a short bar used to lock a capstan, windlass, etc., to prevent it from recoiling 【海】(防止绞盘或起锚机倒转的)掣转杆 ●v. tr.  secure (a capstan etc.) with a pawl 用掣转杆制住(绞盘等) [perhaps from Low German & Dutch pal, related to pal ‘fixed’]

pawn1 /pɔ:n/ n.  1 Chess  a piece of the smallest size and value 【棋类】兵，卒 2  a person used by others for their own purposes 爪牙，走卒 [Middle English via Anglo-French poun, Old French peon and medieval Latin pedo -onis ‘foot soldier’ from Latin pes pedis ‘foot’: cf. PEON]

pawn2 /pɔ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  deposit an object, esp. with a pawnbroker, as security for money lent 典当(某物) 2  pledge or wager (one's life, honour, word, etc.) (用某人的生命、名誉、言语等)保证，担保 ●n.  an object left as security for money etc. lent 典当物，抵押品 □ in (or at) pawn  (of an object etc.) held as security (物品等)在典当中，在抵押中 [Middle English from Old French pan, pand, pant, ‘pledge, security’, from West Germanic]

pawnbroker /ˈpɔ:nbrəʊkə/ n.  a person who lends money at interest on the security of personal property pawned 当铺老板，典当商 □ pawnbroking  n.  

pawnshop /ˈpɔ:nʃɒp/ n.  a shop where pawnbroking is conducted 当铺

pawpaw /ˈpɔ:pɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 papaw /pəˈpɔ:/)  1 (also 亦作 papaya /pəˈpaiə/)  a  an elongated melon-shaped fruit with edible orange flesh and small black seeds 番木瓜b  a tropical tree, Carica papaya, bearing this and producing a milky sap from which papain is obtained 番木瓜树(一种热带树木) 2  a N. American tree, Asimina triloba, with purple flowers and edible fruit 泡泡(产自北美的一种树木，花紫色，果可食) [earlier papay (a) from Spanish & Portuguese papaya, of Carib origin]

PAX abbr. esp. Brit.  private automatic (telephone) exchange [缩略] [尤英]专用(电话)自动交换机

pax /pæks/ n.  1  the kiss of peace 接吻礼 2 (as 作 int.) Brit. slang  a call for a truce (used esp. by schoolchildren) [英] [俚语]别吵啦！别打啦！ (尤为学生所用) [Middle English from Latin, = peace]

pay1 /pei/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. paid /peid/)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give (a person etc.) what is due for services done, goods received, debts incurred, etc. (为服务、货物、债务等)付钱  paid him in full  全部付清了他的钱 I assure you I have paid  我向你保证我已经付钱了 2  a  give (a usu. specified amount) for work done, a debt, a ransom, etc. (为工作酬金、债务、赎金等)支付(一定量的)金额  they pay £ 6 an hour  他们每小时付 6 英镑b (foll. by 后跟 to)  hand over the amount of (a debt, wages, recompense, etc.) to 向…支付(债务、工资、赔偿等)  paid the money to the assistant  付钱给售货员 3  a  give, bestow, or express (attention, respect, a compliment, etc.) 给予注意；表示(敬意、赞扬等)  paid them no heed  没有把他们放在心上b  make (a visit, a call, etc.) 进行(访问、拜访等)  paid a visit to their uncle  拜访了他们叔叔 4 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a business, undertaking, attitude, etc.) be profitable or advantageous to (a person etc.) (商业、事业、态度等)对(某人等)有益(或有利) 5  reward or punish 得到报偿；受到处罚  can never pay you for what you have done for us  无法报答你为我们所做的一切 I shall pay you for that  那件事我会让你得到报应的 6 (usu. as 通常作 paid adj.)  recompense (work, time, etc.) (工作、时间等)有报酬  paid holiday  带薪假期 7 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, away)  let out (a rope) by slackening it 放松(绳索) ●n.  wages; payment 工资，薪金 □ in the pay of   employed by 受雇于□ pay back   1  return (money) 偿还(借款) 2  take revenge on (a person) 报复(某人)□ pay dearly  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  1  obtain at a high cost, great effort, etc. 付出很大代价(或尽了很大努力等)得到 2  suffer for a wrongdoing etc. (因过错等)吃苦头□ pay one's dues  esp. US [尤美]  1  fulfil one's obligations 完成(某人的)职责 2  undergo hardship to succeed or gain experience 经历艰苦而成功(或获得经验)□ pay for   1  hand over the price of 为…付钱 2  bear the cost of 为…付出代价 3  suffer or be punished for (a fault etc.) 因(过错等)受到惩罚□ pay in   pay (money) into a bank account 把(钱)存入银行□ pay its (or one's) way   cover costs; not be indebted 不赔本，不欠账□ pay one's last respects   show respect towards a dead person by attending the funeral 向遗体告别□ pay off   1  dismiss (workers) with a final payment 付清工资解雇(工人) 2 colloq.  yield good results; succeed [口]得到好结果；成功 3  pay (a debt) in full 还清(债务) 4 (of a ship) turn to leeward through the movement of the helm (船)转向下风□ pay out   1  pay (money) from funds under one's control; spend 支付(款项)；花费 2  punish, take revenge on (a person) 惩罚；报复(某人)□ pay the piper and call the tune   pay for, and therefore have control over, a proceeding 花钱控制(某举动)□ pay one's respects   make a polite visit 礼节性拜访□ pay through the nose  colloq.  pay much more than a fair price [口]付过高的价钱；被敲竹杠□ pay up   pay the full amount, or the full amount of 付清□ put paid to  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  deal effectively with (a person) 有效地安排(某人) 2  terminate (hopes etc.) 结束(希望等)□ payee  /peiˈi:/ n.  □ payer  n.   [Middle English via Old French paie, payer from Latin pacare ‘appease’, from pax pacis ‘peace’]

pay2 /pei/ v. tr. (past and past part. payed) Naut.  smear (a ship) with pitch, tar, etc. as a defence against wet 【海】在(船只)上涂柏油(或其他防水剂) [Old French peier from Latin picare, from pix picis PITCH2]

payable /ˈpeiəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that must be paid; due 应付的；到期的  payable in April  4 月份到期 2  that may be paid 可支付的 3 (of a mine etc.) profitable (矿山等)可获利的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  debts owed by a business; liabilities (公司)所欠债务；负债

pay-as-you-earn n. (often 常作 attrib.) Brit.  the deduction of income tax from wages at source [英] (从薪金中扣除所得税的)所得税预扣法

pay-as-you-go n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a system or the practice of paying debts and meeting costs as they arise 现购现付；到期即付

payback /ˈpeibæk/ n.  1  a financial return; a reward 偿还；报偿 2  the profit from an investment etc., esp. one equal to the initial outlay (投资等)回收

payback period n.  the length of time required for an investment to pay for itself in terms of profits or savings (投资)回收期

pay bed n. Brit.  a hospital bed for private patients [英]自费病床

pay claim n. Brit.  a demand for an increase in pay, esp. by a trade union [英] (尤指工会提出的)增加工资的要求

pay day n.  a day on which payment, esp. of wages, is made or expected to be made 发薪日；(尤指)周薪发放日

pay dirt n. US [美]  1 Mineral.  ground worth working for ore 【矿】值得开采的土(或砂等) 2  a financially promising situation 有利可图的境遇

PAYE abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  pay-as-you-earn 

pay envelope n. N. Amer. [北美]  = PAY PACKET 

paying guest n.  a boarder 寄膳宿者

payload /ˈpeiləʊd/ n.  1  the part of an aircraft's load from which revenue is derived 飞机酬载 2  a  the explosive warhead carried by an aircraft or rocket (飞机或火箭所携的)弹头b  the instruments etc. carried by a spaceship (宇宙飞船所携带的)仪器设备 3  the goods carried by a road vehicle (车辆的)业载，商务载重

paymaster /ˈpeimɑ:stə/ n.  1  an official who pays troops, workers, etc. (负责发薪饷的)军需官；(发工薪的)出纳员 2  a person, organization, etc., to whom another owes duty or loyalty because of payment given 主子(雇佣他人要求其尽责效忠的人或组织等) 3 (in full 全称 Paymaster General) Brit.  the minister at the head of the Treasury department responsible for payments [英] (财政部的)主计长

payment /ˈpeim(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of paying 支付；付款 2  an amount paid 支付金额 3  reward, recompense 报偿；补偿 [Middle English from Old French paiement (as PAY1)]

paynim /ˈpeinim/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a pagan 异教徒 2  a non-Christian, esp. a Muslim 非基督教徒(尤指穆斯林) [Middle English via Old French pai(e)nime from ecclesiastical Latin paganismus ‘heathenism’ (as PAGAN)]

pay-off n. colloq. [口]  1  an act of payment, esp. a bribe 支付行为(尤指行贿) 2  return on investment or on a bet (投资或下赌的)盈利，回报 3  a final outcome 最终结果，结局

payola /peiˈəʊlə/ n. esp. US [尤美]  1  a bribe offered in return for unofficial promotion of a product etc. in the media (为媒介不正当推介产品等所给予的)贿赂 2  the practice of such bribery 此种贿赂行为 [PAY1 + -ola as in Victrola, the name of a make of gramophone]

pay-out n.  an instance of money being paid out, esp. compensation or dividends 支付金额(尤指赔偿或分红)

pay packet n. Brit.  a packet or envelope containing an employee's wages [英]工资袋

payphone /ˈpeifəʊn/ n.  a coin box telephone 投币式公用电话

payroll /ˈpeirəʊl/ n.  a list of employees receiving regular pay 工资名单；在职人员名单

paysage /peiˈzɑ:ʒ, 法 pɛizaʒ/ n.  1  a rural scene; a landscape 乡村景色，田园风光；风景 2  landscape painting 风景画 □ paysagist  /ˈpeizədʒist/ n.   [French from pays ‘country’: see PEASANT]

payslip /ˈpeislip/ n.  a note given to an employee when paid detailing the amount of pay, and of tax and insurance deducted (注明工资额、扣税额、保险金等的)工资条，工资清单

pay station n. US [美]  = PAYPHONE 

Pb symb. Chem.  the element lead [符]【化】(化学元素)铅 [Latin plumbum]

PBX abbr.  private branch exchange (private telephone switchboard) [缩略]专用电话交换机

PC abbr. [缩略]  1  police constable 警员 2  Privy Counsellor 枢密顾问官 3  personal computer 个人计算机 4  politically correct; political correctness 政治上正确的；政治方向正确

p.c. abbr. [缩略]  1  per cent  2  postcard 

PCAS /ˈpi:kæs/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) Polytechnics Central Admissions System (incorporated into UCAS in the 1993 － 4 academic year) [缩略] [史义] (英国)理工学院中心入学系统(在 1993 至 1994 学年里合并为大学中心入学系统 UCAS)

PCB abbr. [缩略]  1 Computing  printed circuit board 【计算】印刷线路板 2 Chem.  polychlorinated biphenyl, any of several toxic aromatic compounds containing two benzene molecules in which hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine atoms, formed as waste in industrial processes 【化】聚氯联苯

PCM abbr.  pulse code modulation [缩略]脉冲编码调制

PCMCIA abbr. Computing  Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, denoting a standard specification for memory cards and interfaces in small portable computers [缩略]【计算】个人计算机存储卡国际协会(给小型便携式计算机的存储卡及接口规定标准规格)

PCP abbr. [缩略]  1  = PHENCYCLIDINE  2 Med.  pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a fatal lung infection esp. of immunodeficient patients 【医】卡氏肺囊虫肺炎(尤指免疫缺陷病人患有的一种致命的肺部传染病)

pct. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  per cent 

PD abbr. US  Police Department [缩略] [美]警察部门

Pd symb. Chem.  the element palladium [符]【化】(化学元素)钯

pd. abbr. [缩略]  paid 

p.d.q. abbr. colloq.  pretty damn quick [缩略] [口]马上，立刻

PDSA abbr. Brit.  People's Dispensary for Sick Animals [缩略] [英]人民兽医药房

PDT abbr.  Pacific Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Pacific Standard Time) [缩略]太平洋夏令时(比太平洋标准时早 1 小时)

PE abbr.  physical education [缩略]体育课

p/e abbr.  market price/ earnings (ratio per share) [缩略] (每股)价格收益(比率)

pea /pi:/ n.  1  a  a hardy climbing plant, Pisum sativum (family Leguminosae), with seeds growing in pods and used for food 豌豆(攀缘植物)b  its seed 豌豆(粒) 2  any of several similar leguminous plants 豌豆属植物  sweet pea  香豌豆 chickpea  鹰嘴豆 [back-formation from PEASE (taken as pl.: cf. CHERRY)]

pea-brain n. colloq.  a stupid or dim-witted person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ pea-brained  adj.  

peace /pi:s/ n.  1  a  quiet; tranquillity 平静；安静  needs peace to work well  好好工作需要安静b  mental calm; serenity (精神)平静，安宁  peace of mind  心静 2  a (often 常作 attrib.)  freedom from or the cessation of war 和平，太平  peace talks  和平谈判b (esp. 尤作 Peace)  a treaty of peace between states etc. at war 和约 3  freedom from civil disorder 社会安定 4 Eccl.  a ritual liturgical greeting 【教会】按照宗教礼拜仪式的问候 5 (作 the peace) (also Brit. [亦英] the queen's or king's peace)  peace existing within a realm; civil order 国度的安宁；治安 □ at peace   1  in a state of friendliness 处于和睦(或友好)状态 2  serene 处于平静状态 3 euphem.  dead [婉]死，长眠□ hold one's peace   keep silence 保持沉默□ keep the peace   prevent, or refrain from, strife 维持治安□ make one's peace  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  re-establish friendly relations 与…和解；同…言归于好□ make peace   bring about peace; reconcile 媾和；和解 [Middle English via Anglo-French pes, Old French pais from Latin pax pacis]

peaceable /ˈpi:səb(ə)l/ adj.  1  disposed to peace; unwarlike 和平的；非战争的 2  free from disturbance; peaceful 平静的；安宁的 □ peaceableness  n.  □ peaceably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French peisible, plaisible and Late Latin placibilis ‘pleasing’ from Latin placēre ‘please’]

Peace Corps n. US  an organization sending young people to work as volunteers in developing countries [美]和平队(派遣青年志愿者到发展中国家去工作的组织)

peace dividend n.  public money which becomes available when spending on defence is reduced 和平红利，和平效益(防务花费减少后得到的公共事务费用)

peaceful /ˈpi:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  characterized by peace; tranquil 安静的；安宁的 2  not violating or infringing peace 和平的，太平的  peaceful coexistence  和平共处 3  belonging to a state of peace 和平状态的；和平时期的 □ peacefully  adv.  □ peacefulness  n.  

peacekeeper /ˈpi:ski:pə/ n.  a person or organization that keeps or maintains peace 维持和平的人(或组织) □ peacekeeping  n. & attrib. adj.  

peacemaker /ˈpi:smeikə/ n.  a person who brings about peace 调解人；调停人 □ peacemaking  n. & adj.  

peace-offering n.  1  a propitiatory or conciliatory gift 和平礼物；为和解而送的礼物 2 Bibl.  an offering presented as a thanksgiving to God 【圣经】谢恩供物

peace pipe n.  a tobacco pipe as a token of peace among N. American Indians (北美印第安人作为和平象征的)和平烟斗

peacetime /ˈpi:staim/ n.  a period when a country is not at war 和平时期

peach1 /pi:tʃ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a round juicy stone fruit with downy cream or yellow skin flushed with red 桃，桃子b (in full 全称 peach tree)  the tree, Prunus persica, bearing it 桃树 2  the yellowish-pink colour of a peach 桃红色 3 colloq. [口]  a  a person or thing of superlative quality 极优秀的人(或物)b  an attractive young woman 美人，漂亮妞 ●adj.  of a yellowish-pink colour 桃红色的 □ peaches and cream  (of a complexion) creamy skin with downy pink cheeks (肤色)白里透红□ peachy  adj. (peachier, peachiest)  □ peachiness  n.   [Middle English via Old French peche, pesche, and medieval Latin persica from Latin persicum (malum), literally ‘Persian apple’]

peach2 /pi:tʃ/ v. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, on) colloq.  turn informer; inform [口]告密，告发 2 tr. archaic  inform against [古义]告发；出卖，检举 [Middle English from appeach, from Anglo-French enpecher, Old French empechier IMPEACH]

peach-bloom n.  an oriental porcelain-glaze of reddish pink, usu. with green markings 桃色釉(紫红色，常带绿斑纹)

peach-blow n. & adj. ●n.  1  a delicate purplish-pink colour 紫粉红色 2  a  = PEACH-BLOOM b  a type of glass of similar colour 类似紫粉红色的玻璃 ●adj.  of a purplish-pink colour 紫粉红色的

pea-chick /ˈpi:tʃik/ n.  a young peafowl 小孔雀 [formed as PEACOCK + CHICK1]

peach Melba n.  a dish of ice cream and peaches with liqueur or sauce 山莓酱桃子冰淇淋(一种甜品) [named after Nellie Melba (see MELBA SAUCE)]

peacock /ˈpi:kɒk/ n.  1  a male peafowl, having brilliant plumage and a tail (with eyelike markings) that can be expanded erect in display like a fan 孔雀，雄孔雀 2  an ostentatious strutting person 虚荣爱炫耀的人 [Middle English pecock, from Old English pēa (from Latin pavo) + COCK1]

peacock blue n. & adj. ●n.  the lustrous greenish blue of a peacock's neck 孔雀蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 孔雀蓝的

peacock butterfly n.  a butterfly, Inachis io, with eyelike markings on its wings 孔雀蛱蝶(翅上带眼状斑纹)

peafowl /ˈpi:faʊl/ n.  a pheasant of the genus Pavo, a peacock or peahen (雄或雌)孔雀

pea green n. & adj. ●n.  a bright green colour 青豆色，黄绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 青豆色的，黄绿色的

peahen /ˈpi:hen/ n.  a female peafowl 雌孔雀

pea-jacket /ˈpi:dʒækit/ n.  a sailor's short double-breasted overcoat of coarse woollen cloth (水手双排纽扣的)粗呢上装 [probably from Dutch pijjakker, from pij ‘coat of coarse cloth’ + jekker ‘jacket’: assimilated to JACKET]

peak1 /pi:k/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a projecting usu. pointed part, esp. 尖状突出部分，尤指 :a  the pointed top of a mountain 山尖顶b  a mountain with a peak 有尖峰的山c  a stiff brim at the front of a cap 帽舌d  a pointed beard 须尖e  the narrow part of a ship's hold at the bow or stern (艏或艉的)尖舱  forepeak  艏尖舱 after-peak  艉尖舱f Naut.  the upper outer corner of a sail extended by a gaff 【海】斜桁外端(帆的后上角) 2  a  the highest point in a curve (曲线的)最高点  on the peak of the wave  在浪尖上b  the time of greatest success (in a career etc.) (事业等的)鼎盛时期，顶点c  the highest point on a graph etc. (图表等上的)高峰，最高点 ●v. intr.  reach the highest value, quality, etc. 达到高峰，达到最高值  output peaked in September  9 月份产量达到最高峰 ●attrib. adj.  of or at the highest value, quality, frequency, rate, level, etc. (价值、质量、频率、比率、水平等)最大的，最高的  peak shopping times  最佳销售季节 □ peaked  adj.  □ peaky  adj.  □ peakiness  n.   [probably a back-formation from peaked, variant of dialect picked ‘pointed’ (PICK2)]

peak2 /pi:k/ v. intr.  1  waste away 变瘦弱，变消瘦，变憔悴 2 (as 作 peaked adj.)  sharp-featured; pinched; sickly-looking 尖的；消瘦的；憔悴的 [Middle English: origin unknown]

peak hour n. esp. Brit.  the time of the most intense traffic etc. [尤英] (交通等的)高峰时间

peak load n.  the maximum of electric power demand etc. (用电等的)高峰负荷，峰值负载

peaky /ˈpi:ki/ adj. (peakier, peakiest)  1  sickly; puny 病恹恹的；虚弱的 2  white-faced 苍白的

peal1 /pi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the loud ringing of a bell or bells, esp. a series of changes 钟声；(尤指一组钟奏出的)钟乐b  a set of bells (奏钟乐的)一组钟 2  a loud repeated sound, esp. of thunder, laughter, etc. (尤指雷声、笑声等)洪亮持久的鸣响 ●v.  1 intr.  sound forth in a peal 鸣响，震响 2 tr.  utter sonorously 大声发出，大声说 3 tr.  ring (bells) in peals 使(钟)鸣响 [Middle English pele, from apele APPEAL]

peal2 /pi:l/ n. Brit.  a salmon grilse [英]溯河产卵鲑 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pean /pi:n/ n. Heraldry  fur represented as sable spotted with or (see 见 OR2) 【纹章学】(象征黑貂的)金斑黑貂皮 [16th c.: origin unknown]

peanut /ˈpi:nʌt/ n.  1  a leguminous plant, Arachis hypogaea, bearing pods that ripen underground and contain seeds used as food and yielding oil 落花生 2  the seed of this plant 花生(果) 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a paltry or trivial thing or amount, esp. of money [口]微不足道的事；(尤指钱的)极少的量

peanut butter n.  a paste of ground roasted peanuts 花生酱

pear /pɛə/ n.  1  a yellowish or brownish-green fleshy fruit, tapering towards the stalk 梨 2 (in full 全称 pear tree)  any of various trees of the genus Pyrus bearing it, esp. P. communis 梨树 [Old English pere, peru, ultimately from Latin pirum]

pear drop n.  a small sweet with the shape of a pear 梨形糖果

pearl1 /pɜ:l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a usu. white or bluish-grey hard mass formed within the shell of a pearl-oyster or other bivalve mollusc, highly prized as a gem for its lustre 珍珠  pearl necklace  珍珠项链b  an imitation of this 人造珍珠c (in pl. 用复数)  a necklace of pearls 珍珠项链d (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  = MOTHER-OF-PEARL  2  a precious thing; the finest example 极宝贵的事物；极好的范例 3  anything resembling a pearl, e.g. a dewdrop, tear, etc. 珍珠状物(如露珠、眼珠等) 4  a bluish-grey colour 蓝灰色，珠灰色 ●adj.  of the colour of pearl; bluish grey 珍珠色的，蓝灰色的 ●v.  1 tr. poet. [诗]  a  sprinkle with pearly drops 珠子般地散布b  make pearly in colour etc. 使成珍珠色 2 tr.  reduce (barley etc.) to small rounded grains 把(大麦等)碾成小粒 3 intr.  fish for pearl-oysters 采珍珠 4 intr. poet.  form pearl-like drops [诗]使成珠状 □ cast pearls before swine   offer a treasure to a person unable to appreciate it 明珠暗投；对牛弹琴□ pearler  n.   [Middle English from Old French perle, probably from Latin perna ‘leg’ (applied to leg-of-mutton-shaped bivalve)]

pearl2 /pɜ:l/ n. Brit. [英]  = PICOT  [variant of PURL1]

pearl ash n.  commercial potassium carbonate 珍珠灰(碳酸钾)

pearl barley n.  barley reduced to small round grains by grinding 珍珠大麦，大麦粉粒

pearl bulb n. Brit.  a translucent electric light bulb [英]内磨砂灯泡

pearl button n.  a button made of mother-of-pearl or an imitation of it 珠母纽扣；人造珍珠纽扣

pearl-diver n.  a person who dives for pearl-oysters 潜水采珠人

pearled /pɜ:ld/ adj.  1  adorned with pearls 用珍珠装饰的，镶着珍珠的 2  formed into pearl-like drops or grains 形成珠状小滴的，形成珍珠状小粒的 3  pearl-coloured 珍珠色的

pearlescent /pɜ:ˈles(ə)nt/ adj.  having or producing the appearance of mother-of-pearl 珠母般的

pearlite var.  of PERLITE  PERLITE 的变体

pearlized /ˈpɜ:laizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  treated so as to resemble mother-of-pearl 珠母般珍贵的

pearl millet n.  a tall cereal, Pennisetum typhoides 珍珠稗

pearl onion n.  a very small onion used in pickles (用作泡菜的)小洋葱

pearl-oyster n.  any of various marine bivalve molluscs of the genus Pinctada, bearing pearls 珍珠贝，珠母贝

pearlware /ˈpɜ:lwɛə/ n.  a fine white glazed earthenware 珠光器皿

pearlwort /ˈpɜ:lwɜ:t/ n.  any small herbaceous plant of the genus Sagina, inhabiting rocky and sandy areas 漆姑草(生长在多岩石、多沙的地区)

pearly /ˈpɜ:li/ adj. & n. ●adj. (pearlier, pearliest)  1  resembling a pearl; lustrous 珍珠似的；珍珠般光泽的 2  containing pearls or mother-of-pearl 含珍珠(或珠母)的 3  adorned with pearls 用珍珠装饰的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  1  pearly kings and queens 穿着缀有珠母纽扣的节日服装的小贩及其妻子 2  a pearly king's or queen's clothes or pearl buttons (伦敦小贩在节日里穿的)缀满珠母纽扣的衣服；珠母纽 3 slang  teeth [俚语]牙齿 □ pearliness  n.  

Pearly Gates n. pl. colloq.  the gates of Heaven [口]天国之门

pearly king n. (also 亦作 pearly queen) Brit.  a London costermonger (or his wife) wearing clothes covered with pearl buttons [英]珠母纽王(或王后) (指穿缀满珠母纽扣节日盛装的伦敦小贩或小贩的妻子)

pearly nautilus  see 见 NAUTILUS 1 

pearmain /ˈpɛəmein, ˈpɜ:-, pəˈmein/ n.  a variety of apple with firm white flesh (肉质较硬且呈白色的)红皮苹果 [Middle English, = warden pear, from Old French parmain, permain, probably ultimately from Latin parmensis ‘of Parma’, a city and province in Italy]

peart /pɜ:t/ adj. US dial.  lively; cheerful [美方]愉快的，快活的 [variant of PERT]

peasant /ˈpez(ə)nt/ n.  1  a worker on the land, a farm labourer or small farmer, esp. a member of an agricultural class dependent on subsistence farming 农民，小农 2 derog.  a boor, a lout; a person of low social status [贬]乡下佬；举止粗鲁的人；社会地位低下的人 □ peasantry  n. (pl. -ies)  □ peasanty  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French paisant, Old French païsent, from païs ‘country’, ultimately from Latin pagus ‘canton’]

pease /pi:z/ n. pl. archaic  peas [古义]豌豆 [Old English pise ‘pea’, pl. pisan, via Late Latin pisa and Latin pisum from Greek pison: cf. PEA]

pease pudding n. esp. Brit.  a dish of split peas boiled with onion and carrot and mashed to a pulp (served esp. with boiled ham) [尤英]豌豆布丁(尤与火腿汤一起食用)

pea-shooter n.  a small tube for blowing dried peas through as a toy 射豆枪(一种玩具)

pea-souper n. Brit. colloq.  a thick yellowish fog [英口]黄色浓雾

peat /pi:t/ n.  1  vegetable matter partly decomposed in wet acid conditions to form a brown deposit like soil, used for fuel, in gardening, etc. 泥煤，泥炭 2  a cut piece of this 泥炭块 □ peaty  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-Latin peta, perhaps from Celtic]

peatbog /ˈpi:tbɒɡ/ n.  a bog composed of peat 泥炭沼

peatland /ˈpi:tlænd/ n.  land consisting largely of peat 泥炭地

peatmoss /ˈpi:tmɒs/ n.  1  a peatbog 泥炭沼 2  = SPHAGNUM 

peau-de-soie /pəʊdəˈswɑ:/ n.  a smooth finely ribbed satiny fabric of silk or rayon 双面横棱缎 [French, = skin of silk]

pebble /ˈpeb(ə)l/ n.  1  a small smooth stone worn by the action of water 卵石 2  a  a type of colourless transparent rock crystal used for spectacles 水晶(用于制眼镜)b  a lens of this 水晶透镜c (作 attrib.) colloq. (of a spectacle lens) very thick and convex [口] (眼镜镜片)厚的，度数深的 3  an agate or other gem, esp. when found as a pebble in a stream etc. (尤指在溪流等中发现的)卵石玛瑙 □ not the only pebble on the beach  (esp. of a person) easily replaced (尤指人)并非独一无二的□ pebbled  adj.  □ pebbly  adj.   [Old English papel-stɑˉn ‘pebble-stone’, pyppelrīpig ‘pebble-stream’, of unknown origin]

pebble-dash n. esp. Brit.  mortar with pebbles in it used as a coating for external walls [尤英]和有卵石的灰泥(用作外墙的涂层) □ pebble-dashed  adj.  

p.e.c. abbr.  photoelectric cell [缩略]光电管

pecan /ˈpi:k(ə)n, piˈkæn, piˈkɑ:n/ n.  1  a pinkish-brown smooth nut with an edible kernel 薄壳山核桃，皮甘山核桃 2  a hickory, Carya illinoensis, of the southern US, producing this 薄壳山核桃树，皮甘山核桃树(产于美国南部) [earlier paccan, of Algonquian origin]

peccable /ˈpekəb(ə)l/ adj. formal  liable to sin [正式]易犯罪的 □ peccability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French, via medieval Latin peccabilis from peccare ‘sin’]

peccadillo /pekəˈdiləʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  a trifling offence; a venial sin 小过失；轻罪 [Spanish pecadillo, diminutive of pecado ‘sin’, from Latin peccare]

peccant /ˈpek(ə)nt/ adj. formal [正式]  1  sinning 有罪的，犯罪的 2  inducing disease; morbid 致病的；病态的 □ peccancy  n.   [French peccant or Latin peccare ‘sin’]

peccary /ˈpek(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any American wild piglike mammal of the family Tayassuidae, esp. Tayassu tajacu and T. pecari 西貒(一种美洲野猪) [Carib pakira]

peccavi /peˈkɑ:vi:/ int. & n. ●int.  expressing guilt 我有罪！  ●n. (pl. peccavis)  a confession of guilt 认罪 [Latin, = I have sinned]

peck1 /pek/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  strike or bite (something) with a beak 啄，啄食 2  kiss (esp. a person's cheek) hastily or perfunctorily 匆匆轻吻(尤其某人的面颊) 3  a  make (a hole) by pecking 啄成(洞)b (foll. by 后跟 out, off)  remove or pluck out by pecking 啄出，啄掉 4 (also absol. [亦含宾]) colloq.  eat (food) listlessly; nibble at [口]漫不经心地吃(食物)；小口小口地吃 5  mark with short strokes 用短划作记号 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, down)  break with a pick etc. (用镐等)凿，凿开 7 (also foll. by 亦后跟 away, out)  type at a typewriter etc. (在打字机等上)敲打出 ●n.  1  a  a stroke or bite with a beak 啄b  a mark made by this 啄痕 2  a hasty or perfunctory kiss 匆匆一吻 3 archaic slang  food [古义] [俚语]食物 □ peck at   1  eat (food) listlessly; nibble 漫不经心地吃(食物)；小口地吃 2  carp at; nag 找岔；挑剔 3  strike (a thing) repeatedly with a beak 不停地啄击(某物) [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German pekken, of unknown origin]

peck2 /pek/ n.  1  a measure of capacity for dry goods, equal to a quarter of a bushel 配克(干量单位，等于 1/4 的蒲式耳) 2  a vessel used to contain this amount 以配克计量的容器 □ a peck of   a large number or amount of (troubles, dirt, etc.) 大量的，众多的(麻烦、污物等) [Middle English from Anglo-French pek, of unknown origin]

pecker /ˈpekə/ n.  1  a bird that pecks 会啄的鸟  woodpecker  啄木鸟 2 N. Amer. coarse slang  the penis [北美] [粗俗俚语]阴茎 □ keep your pecker up  Brit. colloq.  remain cheerful [英口]保持乐观；打起精神

pecking order n. (also 亦作 peck order)  a social hierarchy, originally as observed among hens (长幼尊卑的)社会等级制度(源自鸡群的啄序)

peckish /ˈpekiʃ/ adj. colloq. [口]  1 esp. Brit.  hungry [尤英]饥饿的 2 US  irritable [美]易激怒的

pecorino /pekəˈri:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an Italian cheese made from ewes' milk (意大利)佩科里诺干酪，羊乳干酪 [Italian from pecorino ‘of ewes’, from pacora ‘sheep’]

pecten /ˈpekten/ n. (pl. pectens or pectines /-tini:z/) Zool. 【动】  1  a comblike structure of various kinds in animal bodies (动物体内的)梳膜；栉 2  any bivalve mollusc of the genus Pecten; a scallop 海贝；扇贝 □ pectinate  /-nət/ adj.  □ pectinated  /-neitid/ adj.  □ pectination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. (all in sense 1 均用于释义 1)   [Latin pecten pectinis ‘comb’]

pectin /ˈpektin/ n. Biochem.  any of various soluble gelatinous polysaccharides found in ripe fruits etc. and used as a setting agent in jams and jellies 【生化】果胶 □ pectic  adj.   [Greek pēktos ‘congealed’ from pēgnumi ‘make solid’]

pectoral /ˈpekt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the breast or chest; thoracic 胸的，胸部的  pectoral fin  胸鳍 pectoral muscle  胸肌 2  worn on the chest 戴在胸前的  pectoral cross  戴在胸前的十字架 ●n.  1 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a pectoral muscle 胸肌 2  a pectoral fin 胸鳍 3  an ornamental breastplate, esp. of a Jewish high priest (尤指犹太教祭司长的)胸饰 [Middle English via Old French from Latin pectorale (n.), pectoralis (adj.), from pectus pectoris ‘breast, chest’]

pectose /ˈpektəʊs, -z/ n. Biochem.  an insoluble polysaccharide derivative found in unripe fruits and converted into pectin by ripening, heating, etc. 【生化】果胶糖 [pectic (see PECTIN) + -OSE2]

peculate /ˈpekjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  embezzle (money) 盗用，挪用(钱财) □ peculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ peculator  n.   [Latin peculari, related to peculium: see PECULIAR]

peculiar /piˈkju:liə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  strange; odd; unusual 奇怪的；古怪的；不寻常的  a peculiar flavour  古怪的味道 is a little peculiar  有点不寻常 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  belonging exclusively 特有的，专有的  a fashion peculiar to the time  这个时代特有的一种风尚b  belonging to the individual 个人的，独特的  in their own peculiar way  以他们自己独特的方式 3  particular; special 特殊的；特别的  a point of peculiar interest  使人特别感兴趣之处 ●n.  1 archaic  a peculiar property, privilege, etc. [古义]专有财产(或特权等) 2 esp. Brit.  a parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the diocese in which it lies [尤英]特殊教区 [Middle English from Latin peculiaris ‘of private property’, via peculium from pecu ‘cattle’]

peculiarity /piˌkju:liˈæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  idiosyncrasy; unusualness; oddity 奇特；不寻常；古怪b  an instance of this 古怪的事情，奇特的事情 2  a characteristic or habit 特色，癖性  meanness is his peculiarity  吝啬是他的特色 3  the state of being peculiar 独特的状态

peculiarly /piˈkju:liəli/ adv.  1  more than usually; especially 异常地；尤其地  peculiarly annoying  特别令人恼火 2  oddly 古怪地 3  as regards oneself alone; individually 单独地；独特地  does not affect him peculiarly  不是仅仅影响他

pecuniary /piˈkju:niəri/ adj.  1  of, concerning, or consisting of, money 金钱的；金钱上的；金钱方面的  pecuniary aid  资助 pecuniary considerations  金钱方面的考虑 2 (of an offence) entailing a money penalty or fine (违法行为)课以罚金的 □ pecuniarily  adv.   [Latin pecuniarius, via pecunia ‘money’ from pecu ‘cattle’]

pedagogue /ˈpedəɡɒɡ/ n.  1 archaic  a schoolmaster [古义]校长 2  a usu. strict or pedantic teacher 严厉的老师；书呆子老师 □ pedagogic  /-ˈɡɒɡik, -ˈɡɒdʒik/ adj.  □ pedagogical  /-ˈɡɒɡik(ə)l, -ˈɡɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pedagogically  /-ˈɡɒɡik(ə)li, -ˈɡɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ pedagogism  n. (also 亦作 pedagoguism)   [Middle English via Latin paedagogus from Greek paidagōgos, from pais paidos ‘boy’ + agōgos ‘guide’]

pedagogy /ˈpedəɡɒɡi, -ɡɒdʒi/ n.  the science of teaching 教育学 □ pedagogics  /-ˈɡɒdʒiks, -ˈɡəʊdʒiks/ n.   [French pédagogie from Greek paidagōgia (as PEDAGOGUE)]

pedal1 /ˈped(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of several types of foot-operated levers or controls for mechanisms , esp. (尤指): 踏板，脚蹬a  either of a pair of levers for transmitting power to a bicycle or tricycle wheel etc. (自行车、三轮车等的)踏脚，脚蹬b  any of the foot-operated controls in a motor vehicle (汽车里任何脚控的)踏板c  any of the foot-operated keys of an organ used for playing notes, or for drawing out several stops at once etc. (管风琴的)脚踏键d  each of the foot-levers on a piano etc. for making the tone fuller or softer (钢琴等的)踏板e  each of the foot-levers on a harp for altering the pitch of the strings (改变竖琴音高的)踏板 2  a note sustained in one part, usu. the bass, through successive harmonies, some of which are independent of it 持续音 ●v. (pedalled, pedalling; US [美] pedaled, pedaling)  1 intr.  operate a cycle, organ, etc. by using the pedals 用踩踏板(或脚蹬)操纵(车辆或管风琴等) 2 tr.  work (a bicycle etc.) with the pedals 用踏板蹬(自行车等) □ pedaller  n. (US [美] pedaler)   [French pédale via Italian pedale from Latin (as PEDAL2)]

pedal2 /ˈped(ə)l, ˈpi:-/ adj. Zool.  of the foot or feet (esp. of a mollusc) 【动】(尤指软体动物的)足的 [Latin pedalis from pes pedis ‘foot’]

pedal bin n.  a rubbish bin with a lid opened by a pedal 脚踩垃圾箱

pedal cycle n.  a bicycle 自行车，脚踏车

pedalo /ˈpedələʊ/ n. Brit. (pl. -os or -oes)  a pedal-operated pleasure boat [英]脚踏小游船

pedal-pusher n.  1 colloq.  a cyclist [口]骑自行车(或三轮车等)的人 2 (in pl. 用复数)  women's calf-length trousers (长及小腿的女式)骑车裤

pedant /ˈped(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person who insists on strict adherence to formal rules or literal meaning at the expense of a wider view 书呆子 2  a person who rates academic learning or technical knowledge above everything 学究 3  a person who is obsessed by a theory; a doctrinaire 空谈理论的人，教条主义者 □ pedantic  /piˈdæntik/ adj.  □ pedantically  /piˈdæntik(ə)li/ adv.  □ pedantize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ pedantry  n. (pl. -ies)   [French pédant from Italian pedante: apparently formed as PEDAGOGUE]

pedate /ˈpedeit/ adj.  1 Zool.  having feet 【动】有足的 2 Bot. (of a leaf) having divisions like toes or a bird's claws 【植】(叶子)鸟趾状的；鸟爪状的 [Latin pedatus from pes pedis ‘foot’]

peddle /ˈped(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  a  sell (goods), esp. in small quantities, as a pedlar 叫卖，兜售(尤指少量商品)b  advocate or promote (ideas, a philosophy, a way of life, etc.) 宣传，散布(思想、哲学、生活方式等) 2 tr.  sell (drugs) illegally 非法贩卖(毒品) 3 intr.  engage in selling, esp. as a pedlar (尤作为小商贩)贩卖 [back-formation from PEDLAR]

peddler /ˈpedlə/ n.  1  a person who sells drugs illegally 毒品贩子 2 US var.  of PEDLAR [美] PEDLAR 的变体

pederast /ˈpedəræst/ n. (also 亦作 paederast)  a man who performs pederasty 鸡奸者

pederasty /ˈpedəræsti/ n. (also 亦作 paederasty)  anal intercourse between a man and a boy (男人与男童之间的)鸡奸 [modern Latin paederastia from Greek paiderastia, from pais paidos ‘boy’ + erastēs ‘lover’]

pedestal /ˈpedist(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the part of a column below the base, comprising the plinth and the dado if present 柱脚，基座 2  the stone etc. base of a statue etc. (雕像等的)垫座，座墩 3  either of the two supports of a kneehole desk or table, usu. containing drawers (通常有抽屉)两头沉写字台的一头 4  a  an upright support of a machine or apparatus 托轴架，支座b  the column supporting a washbasin 支架，支柱c  a lavatory pan or its base 抽水马桶；抽水马桶底座 ●v. tr. (pedestalled, pedestalling; US [美] pedestaled, pedestaling)  set or support on a pedestal 把…放在座基上，给…装支座 □ put (or set) on a pedestal   admire disproportionately, idolize 把…当偶像崇拜，崇拜 [French piédestal via Italian piedestallo, from piè ‘foot’ (from Latin pes pedis) + di ‘of’ + stallo STALL1]

pedestal table n.  a table with a single central support (中间为一根支撑柱的)独腿桌子

pedestrian /piˈdestriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person who is walking, esp. in a town (尤指城市里的)行人  pedestrian crossing  人行横道 2  a person who walks competitively 竞走者 ●adj.  prosaic; dull; uninspired 平庸的；乏味的；无生气的 □ pedestrianism  n.  □ pedestrianize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ pedestrianization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French pédestre or Latin pedester -tris]

pedestrian crossing n.  a specified part of a road where pedestrians have right of way to cross 人行横道

pedestrian precinct n.  an area of a town restricted to pedestrians (禁止车辆通行的)行人区，步行区

pediatrics US var.  of PAEDIATRICS [美] PAEDIATRICS 的变体

pedicab /ˈpedikæb/ n.  a pedal-operated rickshaw (载客的脚踏)三轮车

pedicel /ˈpedis(ə)l/ n.  1 Bot.  a small stalk, esp. one bearing an individual flower in an inflorescence (cf. 参见 PEDUNCLE 1) 【植】(尤指花序中用于支撑单朵花的)花梗 2 Anat. & Zool.  a small stalklike structure (cf. 参见 PEDICLE 2) 【解】【动】茎，蒂；肉茎，肉柄 □ pedicellate  /-s(ə)leit/ adj.   [modern Latin pedicellus, diminutive of pes pedis ‘foot’]

pedicle /ˈpedik(ə)l/ n.  1 Med.  part of a graft, esp. a skin graft, left temporarily attached to its original site 【医】(尤指皮肤移植中的)移植体残端 2 Anat. & Zool.  a small stalklike structure (cf. 参见 PEDICEL 2) 【解】【动】柄状结构 □ pediculated  /piˈdikjʊleitid/ adj.   [Latin pediculus, diminutive of ped pedis ‘foot’]

pedicular /piˈdikjʊlə/ adj. (also 亦作 pediculous /-ləs/)  infested with lice 虱的，多虱的 □ pediculosis  /-ˈləʊsis/ n.   [Latin pedicularis, -losus from pediculus ‘louse’]

pedicure /ˈpedikjʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the care or treatment of the feet, esp. of the toenails (尤指脚趾甲的)足疗，足医 2  a person practising this, esp. professionally (尤指专业的)足医，修脚师 ●v. tr.  treat (the feet) by removing corns etc. 医(脚)，修(脚) [French pédicure, from Latin pes pedis ‘foot’ + curare: see CURE]

pedigree /ˈpediɡri:/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a recorded line of descent of a person or esp. a pure-bred domestic or pet animal 家谱，系谱；(纯种动物的)系谱 2  the derivation of a word 词源 3  a genealogical table 家谱表，系谱图 4 colloq.  the history of a person, thing, idea, etc. [口]人的经历；事物(或思想等)的由来 □ pedigreed  adj.   [Middle English pedegru etc. from Anglo-French pé de grue ‘crane's foot’, a mark denoting succession in pedigrees]

pediment /ˈpedim(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  the triangular front part of a building in classical style, surmounting esp. a portico of columns (尤指柱廊上古典风格建筑的)三角墙，山形墙b  a similar part of a building in baroque or mannerist style (巴罗克或矫饰主义风格建筑的)三角楣饰 2 Geol.  a broad flattish rock surface at the foot of a mountain slope 【地质】麓原(山麓侵蚀面) □ pedimental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ pedimented  adj.   [earlier pedament, periment, perhaps corruption of PYRAMID]

pedlar /ˈpedlə/ n. (US [美] peddler)  1  a travelling seller of small items esp. carried in a pack etc. (尤指背着包裹等行走叫卖的)商贩，小贩 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a retailer of gossip etc. (流言蜚语等的)传播者 □ pedlary  n.   [Middle English pedlere, alteration of pedder, from ped ‘pannier’, of unknown origin]

pedo- US var.  of PAEDO- [美] PAEDO- 的变体

pedology /piˈdɒlədʒi, pe-/ n.  the scientific study of soil, esp. its formation, nature, and classification 土壤学(尤研究土壤的形成、性质和分类) □ pedological  /pedəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pedologist  n.   [Greek pedon ‘ground’ + -LOGY]

pedometer /piˈdɒmitə, pe-/ n.  an instrument for estimating the distance travelled on foot by recording the number of steps taken 计步器，步程器 [French pédomètre from Latin pes pedis ‘foot’]

peduncle /piˈdʌŋk(ə)l/ n.  1 Bot.  the stalk of a flower, fruit, or cluster, esp. a main stalk bearing a solitary flower or subordinate stalks (cf. 参见 PEDICEL 1) 【植】总花梗；花序梗 2 Zool.  a stalklike part by which an organ etc. is attached, or by which an animal (e.g. a barnacle) is attached to the substrate 【动】肉柄；梗节 □ peduncular  /-kjʊlə/ adj.   [modern Latin pedunculus from Latin pes pedis ‘foot’: see -UNCLE]

pedunculate /piˈdʌŋkjʊlət/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  having a peduncle 【植】【动】有梗节的；有肉柄的

pedunculate oak n.  a common oak, Quercus robur, in which clusters of acorns are borne on long stalks 英国栎(一种常见橡树，长长的茎梗上结着一串串的橡果)

pedway /ˈpedwei/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a footway built for pedestrians in an urban area [尤北美] (城区的)人行道 [PEDESTRIAN + WAY]

pee /pi:/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. (pees, peed)  1 intr.  urinate 撒尿，小便 2 tr.  pass (urine, blood, etc.) from the bladder 便尿(或血等) ●n.  1  an act of urinating 小便 2  urine 尿 [initial letter of PISS]

peek /pi:k/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out, at)  look quickly or slyly; peep 偷看；窥视 ●n.  a quick or sly look 匆匆的一瞥；偷偷的一看 [Middle English pike, pyke, of unknown origin]

peekaboo /pi:kəˈbu:/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a garment etc.) transparent or having a pattern of holes which reveal the skin below (服装等)透明的；网眼的 2 (of a hairstyle) concealing one eye with a fringe or wave (发型)用刘海(或卷发)遮着一只眼睛的 ●n.  a game of hiding and suddenly reappearing, played with a young child (also as 亦作 int.) 躲猫猫(一种小孩子玩的游戏) [PEEK + BOO]

peel1 /pi:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  strip the skin, rind, bark, wrapping, etc. from (a fruit, vegetable, tree, etc.) 剥去…的皮；削去…的皮b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  strip (skin, peel, wrapping, etc.) from a fruit etc. 剥去(皮、壳、外层覆盖物等) 2 intr.  a (of a tree, an animal's or person's body, a painted surface, etc.) become bare of bark, skin, paint, etc. (树、动物躯体、人体、绘画表面等)脱皮，脱色b (often foll. by 常后跟 off) (of bark, a person's skin, paint, etc.) flake off (树皮、人皮、画等)剥落 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off) colloq. (of a person) strip for exercise etc. [口] (人)脱衣服(以进行训练等) 4 tr. Croquet  send (another player's ball) through the hoops 【槌球】把(他人的球)击过铁拱门 ●n.  the outer covering of a fruit, vegetable, prawn, etc.; rind (水果、蔬菜、虾等的)外皮，皮，壳 □ peel off   1  veer away and detach oneself from a group of marchers, a formation of aircraft, etc. 离群；离队；脱离编队 2 colloq.  strip off one's clothes [口]脱衣服□ peeler  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)   [earlier pill, pele (originally = plunder), from Middle English pilien etc. via Old English from Latin pilare ‘to strip hair from’, from pilus ‘hair’]

peel2 /pi:l/ n.  a shovel, esp. a baker's shovel for bringing loaves etc. into or out of an oven 铲(尤指面包师傅送面包等出入炉时用的铲) [Middle English & Old French pele from Latin pala, related to pangere ‘fix’]

peel3 /pi:l/ n. (also 亦作 pele) hist.  a small square tower built in the 16th c. in the border counties of England and Scotland for defence against raids [史义] (16 世纪英格兰和苏格兰为防外来侵袭而在边界县区建造的)堡塔 [Middle English pel ‘stake, palisade’, via Anglo-French & Old French pel from Latin palus ‘stake’: cf. PALE2]

peeler /ˈpi:lə/ n. Brit. archaic slang or dial.  a police officer [英古义] [俚语] [方]警官 [originally = a member of the Irish constabulary, founded by Sir Robert Peel, English statesman d. 1850]

peeling /ˈpi:liŋ/ n.  a strip of the outer skin of a vegetable, fruit, etc. (蔬菜、水果等)削下，剥掉的皮  potato peelings  削下的土豆皮

peen /pi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  the wedge-shaped or thin or curved end of a hammer head (opp. 反义 FACE n. 5a) (呈楔形、薄形或曲线形的)锤顶 ●v. tr.  1  hammer with a peen 用锤顶敲击 2  treat (sheet metal) with a stream of metal shot in order to shape it 冷锻使(金属薄板)成型 [16th c.: probably of Scandinavian origin]

peep1 /pi:p/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in, out, into)  look through a narrow opening; look furtively 窥视；偷看 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  a (of daylight, a flower beginning to bloom, etc.) come slowly into view; emerge (阳光、待开的花等)缓缓显现；出现b (of a quality etc.) show itself unconsciously (品质等)无意之中显露出来 ●n.  1  a furtive or peering glance 偷看；窥视 2  the first appearance 初现  at peep of day  天刚亮 [Middle English: cf. PEEK, PEER1]

peep2 /pi:p/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a shrill feeble sound as of young birds, mice, etc.; squeak; chirp (小鸟、鼠等)吱吱叫，啾啾叫 ●n.  1  such a sound (小鸟、鼠等的)吱吱声，啾啾声 2  a slight sound, utterance, or complaint 轻声；轻轻的抱怨声  not a peep out of them  不是出自他们的嘀咕声 [imitative: cf. CHEEP]

peep-bo n.  = PEEKABOOn. 

peeper1 /ˈpi:pə/ n.  1  a person who peeps 偷看的人；窥视者 2 colloq.  an eye [口]眼晴 3 US slang  a private detective [美] [俚语]私人侦探 [PEEP1 + -ER1]

peeper2 /ˈpi:pə/ n. US  a small tree frog of the genus Hyla [美]雨蛙(小树蛙) [PEEP2 + -ER1]

peephole /ˈpi:phəʊl/ n.  a small hole that may be looked through 窥视孔

peeping Tom n.  a furtive voyeur 有窥淫癖的人

peep-show n.  a small exhibition of pictures etc. viewed through a lens or hole set into a box etc. 西洋景，拉洋片(通过装在箱子上的透镜或箱子上的小孔来观看的画片等的小型展出)

peep-sight n.  the aperture backsight of some rifles (枪的)觇视孔

peep-toe attrib. adj. (also 亦作 peep-toed) Brit. (of a shoe) leaving the toes partly exposed [英] (鞋子)脚趾部分外露的，前端破的

peepul /ˈpi:p(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 pipal)  = BO TREE  [Hindi pīpal from Sanskrit pippala]

peer1 /piə/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, at, etc.)  look keenly or with difficulty 凝视；费力地看  peered into the fog  向雾中张望 2  peep out 慢慢出现 3 archaic  come into view, appear [古义]出现 [variant of pire, Low German pīren; perhaps partly from APPEAR]

peer2 /piə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (fem. peeress /-ris/)  a member of one of the degrees of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, i.e. a duke, marquess, earl, viscount, or baron (英格兰或爱尔兰的)贵族(如公、侯、伯、子、男)b  a noble of any country (任何一国的)贵族 2  a person who, or thing which, is equal in ability, standing, age, rank, or value (在能力、地位、年龄、身份、价值方面)同等的人(或物)  tried by a jury of his peers  由与他地位相同的陪审团审讯 ●v. intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  rank or cause to rank equally (使与…)地位相同 □ peerless  adj. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French pe(e)r, perer from Late Latin pariare and Latin par ‘equal’]

peerage /ˈpiəridʒ/ n.  1  peers as a class; the nobility 贵族阶级；贵族 2  the rank of peer or peeress 贵族的爵位  was given a life peerage  被封为终身贵族 3  a book containing a list of peers with their genealogy etc. 贵族名册

peer group n.  a group of people of the same age, status, interests, etc. (年龄、地位、利益等)相同的人

peer of the realm n. (also 亦作 peer of the United Kingdom)  any of the class of peers whose adult members may all sit in the House of Lords (英国)可成为上议院议员的世袭贵族

peer pressure n.  influence from members of one's peer group (年龄、地位、利益等)相同的人所产生的影响

peeve /pi:v/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 peeved adj.)  annoy; vex; irritate 惹恼，使生气 ●n.  1  a cause of annoyance 惹恼的原由 2  vexation 气恼，生气 [back-formation from PEEVISH]

peevish /ˈpi:viʃ/ adj.  querulous; irritable 易怒的；急躁的 □ peevishly  adv.  □ peevishness  n.   [Middle English, = foolish, mad, spiteful, etc., of unknown origin]

peewee /ˈpi:wi:/ n.  1 Sc.  a lapwing [苏格兰]凤头麦鸡 2 Austral.  a magpie lark [澳]鹊鹨 [imitative of its call (cf. PEWEE)]

peewit /ˈpi:wit/ n. (also 亦作 pewit)  1  a lapwing 凤头麦鸡 2  its cry 凤头麦鸡的叫声 [imitative]

Peg /peg/   佩格 [人名]

peg /peɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a usu. cylindrical pin or bolt of wood, metal, etc., often tapered at one end, and used for holding esp. two things together (木头、金属等的)栓，销，桩(通常为圆筒状，一端尖细，用来把两件物品固定在一起)b  such a peg attached to a wall etc. and used for hanging garments etc. on 固定在墙上的挂衣钉c  a peg driven into the ground and attached to a rope for holding up a tent (系帐篷绳用的)短桩d  a bung for stoppering a cask etc. (塞桶等用的)塞子e  each of several pegs used to tighten or loosen the strings of a violin etc. (小提琴等的)琴轴，琴栓f  a small peg, matchstick, etc. stuck into holes in a board for calculating the scores at cribbage (插在克里比奇牌戏板上供记分用的小钉，火柴棍等)记分枚 2 Brit. [英]  = CLOTHES-PEG  3 Brit.  a measure of spirits or wine [英]一标准量的烈酒或葡萄酒 4  a place allotted to a competitor to fish etc. from (usu. marked by a numbered peg) (给钓鱼等选手)分配的用地(常用带数字的木桩标明) ●v. tr. (pegged, pegging)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, in, out, etc.)  fix (a thing) with a peg 用钉(或桩)固定(某物) 2 Econ. 【经】  a  stabilize (prices, wages, exchange rates, etc.) 稳定(价格、工资、兑换率等)b  prevent the price of (stock etc.) from falling or rising by freely buying or selling at a given price (通过以规定的价格自由买入或卖出来)稳住(股票等的)价格 3  mark (the score) with pegs on a cribbage board (在克里比奇牌戏板上)用记分枚记(分) □ off the peg  esp. Brit. (of clothes) ready-made [尤英] (衣服)现成的□ peg away  (often foll. by 常后跟 at) Brit.  work consistently and esp. for a long period [英] (尤指长时期)坚持不懈地工作□ peg down   restrict (a person etc.) to rules, a commitment, etc. (用规则、约定等)限制，拘束(人等)□ peg on   = peg away □ peg out   1 Brit. slang  die [英] [俚语]死去 2  score the winning point at cribbage (在克里比奇牌戏中)用记分枚记分 3 Croquet  hit the peg with the ball as the final stroke in a game 【槌球】击中标杆(获胜) 4  mark the boundaries of (land etc.) 标明(土地等的)边界□ a peg to hang an idea etc. on   a suitable occasion or pretext etc. for it (提出想法等的)恰当机会(或借口)□ a square peg in a round hole   a misfit 不适宜的人，不称职的人□ take a person down a peg or two   humble a person 煞煞(某人的)威风 [Middle English, probably of Low German or Dutch origin: cf. Middle Dutch pegge, Dutch dialect peg, Low German pigge]

pegboard /ˈpeɡbɔ:d/ n.  a board having a regular pattern of small holes for pegs, used for commercial displays, games, etc. (供陈列商品、游戏等用的)插栓板；记分板

pegged /peɡd/ adj.  1  in senses of the verb 用于动词释义 2 (作 attrib.) N. Amer. [北美]  = PEGTOPadj. 

Peggie /ˈpegi/   佩吉 [人名]

Peggy /ˈpegi/   佩吉 [人名]

peg-leg n. colloq. [口]  1  an artificial leg 假腿 2  a person with an artificial leg 装假腿的人

pegmatite /ˈpeɡmətait/ n.  a coarsely crystalline type of granite 结晶花岗岩 [Greek pēgma -atos ‘thing joined together’ from pēgnumi ‘fasten’]

pegtop /ˈpeɡtɒp/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pear-shaped spinning top with a metal pin or peg forming the point, spun by the rapid uncoiling of a string wound round it (木制)梨形陀螺 ●adj. (of a garment) wide at the top and narrow at the bottom (服装)上宽下窄的

Pehlevi var.  of PAHLAVI  PAHLAVI 的变体

PEI abbr.  Prince Edward Island [缩略]爱德华王子岛(加拿大)

peignoir /ˈpeinwɑ:/ n.  a woman's loose dressing gown (妇女穿的宽松的)晨衣 [French, from peigner ‘to comb’]

pejorative /piˈdʒɒrətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a word, an expression, etc.) depreciatory (词、词语等)轻蔑的，贬损的 ●n.  a depreciatory word 贬义词 □ pejoratively  adv.   [French péjoratif -ive via Late Latin pejorare ‘make worse’ from Latin pejor ‘worse’]

pekan /ˈpek(ə)n/ n.  an American marten (see 见 FISHER 1) (美洲产)鱼貂 [Canadian French from Algonquian]

peke /pi:k/ n. colloq.  a Pekinese dog [口]哈巴狗，狮子狗 [abbreviation]

Pekingese /pi:kiˈni:z/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Pekinese) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 (usu. 通常作 Pekinese)  a  a lapdog of a short-legged breed with long hair and a snub nose (长毛、短腿，鼻子上翘的)北京狗，哈叭狗，狮子狗b  this breed 狮子狗种 2  a citizen of Beijing (Peking) in China 北京人，北京居民 3  the form of the Chinese language used in Beijing 北京话，北京方言 ●adj.  of or concerning Beijing or its language or citizens 北京的；北京话的；北京人的；与北京(话或人)相关的

pekoe /ˈpi:kəʊ, ˈpe-/ n.  a superior kind of black tea 上等红茶，白毫茶 [Chinese dialect pek-ho, from pek ‘white’ + ho ‘down’, leaves being picked young with down on them]

pelage /ˈpelidʒ/ n.  the fur, hair, wool, etc. of a mammal (哺乳动物的)皮毛，毛发 [French, from Old French pel (modern poil) ‘hair’]

Pelagian /piˈleidʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning the monk Pelagius (4th － 5th c.) or his theory denying the doctrine of original sin 贝拉基(约公元 4 至 5 世纪，古代基督教神学家)的；贝拉基教义(否认原罪)的；有关贝拉基(教义)的 ●n.  a follower of Pelagius 贝拉基教义者；贝拉基的信徒 □ Pelagianism  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin Pelagianus from Pelagius]

pelagian /piˈleidʒiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  inhabiting the open sea 栖居于远洋的 ●n.  an inhabitant of the open sea 远洋动物 [Latin pelagius from Greek pelagios ‘of the sea’, from pelagos ‘level surface of the sea’]

pelagic /piˈlædʒik/ adj.  1  of or performed on the open sea 远洋的，远海作业的  pelagic whaling  远洋捕鲸作业 2 (of marine life) belonging to the upper layers of the open sea (海洋生物)栖居于海洋上层的，浮游的 [Latin pelagicus from Greek pelagikos (as PELAGIAN)]

pelargonium /peləˈɡəʊniəm/ n.  a plant of the genus Pelargonium, with red, pink, or white flowers and often fragrant leaves Also called 亦称作 GERANIUM 天竺葵属植物(花红、粉、白，叶芳香) [modern Latin, from Greek pelargos ‘stork’: cf. GERANIUM]

pele var.  of PEEL3  PEEL3 的变体

pelf /pelf/ n. derog. or joc.  money; wealth [贬] [诙]金钱；财物 [Middle English via Old Norman French from Old French pelfre, peufre ‘spoils’, of unknown origin: cf. PILFER]

pelham /ˈpeləm/ n.  a horse's bit combining a curb and a snaffle 马嚼子，佩勒姆马勒衔 [the surname Pelham]

pelican /ˈpelik(ə)n/ n.  any large gregarious waterbird of the family Pelecanidae, with a long bill below which hangs a pouch for storing fish (鹈鹕科)鹈鹕，塘鹅(长有长长的喙，喙下面垂有一个存鱼袋) [Old English pellican & Old French pelican via Late Latin pelicanus from Greek pelekan, probably from pelekus ‘axe’, with reference to its bill]

pelican crossing n. (in the UK) a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights operated by pedestrians (英国) (由行人控制交通信号灯的)人行横道 [from pedestrian light controlled, respelt after the bird name]

pelisse /piˈli:s/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a woman's cloak with armholes or sleeves, reaching to the ankles 妇女穿的长大衣(长及脚裸) 2  a fur-lined cloak, esp. as part of a hussar's uniform 毛皮衬里长大衣(或披风) (尤指轻骑兵制服) [French from medieval Latin pellicia (vestis) ‘(garment) of fur’, from pellis ‘skin’]

pelite /ˈpi:lait/ n. Geol.  a rock composed of claylike sediment 【地质】泥质岩 [Greek pēlos ‘clay, mud’]

pellagra /peˈlæɡrə, -ˈleiɡrə/ n.  a disease caused by deficiency of nicotinic acid, characterized by cracking of the skin and often resulting in insanity (缺乏烟酸引起的)糙皮病，蜀黍红斑(常会造成精神失常) □ pellagrous  adj.   [Italian, from pelle ‘skin’, on the pattern of PODAGRA]

pellet /ˈpelit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small compressed ball of paper, bread, etc. (纸、面包等的)小团 2  a pill 药丸 3  a  a small mass of bones, feathers, etc. regurgitated by a bird of prey (猛禽反刍的)呕食团b  a small hard piece of animal, usu. rodent, excreta (通常指啮齿动物的)颗粒状粪便 4  a  a piece of small shot 小弹丸b  an imitation bullet for a toy gun (玩具枪的)假子弹 ●v. tr. (pelleted, pelleting)  1  make into a pellet or pellets 使形成小球(或弹丸等) 2  hit with (esp. paper) pellets 用小球(尤指纸团)打 □ pelletize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French pelote from Latin pila ‘ball’]

pellicle /ˈpelik(ə)l/ n.  a thin skin, membrane, or film 薄皮；薄膜 □ pellicular  /-ˈlikjʊlə/ adj.   [French pellicule from Latin pellicula, diminutive of pellis ‘skin’]

pellitory /ˈpelitəri/ n. any of several wild plants, esp. 野生植物，(尤指):  1 (in full 全称 pellitory of Spain)  a plant of the daisy family, Anacyclus pyrethrum, with a pungent-flavoured root, used as a local irritant etc. 西班牙派利吞草(其根味道刺激，可做刺激剂等) 2 (in full 全称 pellitory of the wall)  a low bushy plant, Parietaria judaica (nettle family), with greenish flowers growing on or at the foot of walls 药用墙草(荨蔴科) (一种低矮灌木，花浅绿色，生长于墙头或墙根) [(sense 1) Middle English via Old French peletre, peretre and Latin pyrethrum from Greek purethron ‘feverfew’: (sense 2) ultimately via Old French paritaire and Late Latin parietaria from Latin paries -etis ‘wall’]

pell-mell /pelˈmel/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  headlong, recklessly 草率地；鲁莽地  rushed pell-mell out of the room  匆忙地跑出房间 2  in disorder or confusion 杂乱地，混乱地  stuffed the papers together pell-mell  把文件杂乱无章地塞在一起 ●adj.  confused, tumultuous 杂乱的，混乱的 ●n.  confusion; a mixture 混乱；混合 [French pêle-mêle, Old French pesle mesle, mesle pesle, etc., reduplication of mesle from mesler ‘mix’]

pellucid /piˈlu:sid, pe-, -ˈlju:sid/ adj.  1 (of water, light, etc.) transparent, clear (水、光等)透明的；清澈的 2 (of style, speech, sound, etc.) not confused; clear (风格、发言、声音等)清晰的；清楚的 3  mentally clear 头脑清楚的 □ pellucidity  /-ˈsiditi/ n.  □ pellucidly  adv.   [Latin pellucidus from perlucēre (as PER-, lucēre ‘shine’)]

Pelmanism /ˈpelməniz(ə)m/ n.  1  a system of memory-training originally devised by the Pelman Institute in London (伦敦佩尔曼研究院设计的)佩尔曼记忆训练法 2  a card game based on this 佩尔曼记忆训练纸牌戏 □ Pelmanize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

pelmet /ˈpelmit/ n.  a narrow border of cloth, wood, etc. above esp. a window, concealing the curtain rail (尤指窗户上用来遮挡窗帘横杆用的)布帷幔，窗帘盒 [probably from French PALMETTE]

pelorus /piˈlɔ:rəs/ n.  a sighting device like a ship's compass for taking bearings 哑罗经，罗经刻度盘，方位仪 [perhaps from Pelorus, reputed name of Hannibal's pilot]

pelota /piˈlɒtə, -ˈləʊtə/ n.  1  a Basque or Spanish game played in a walled court with a ball and basket-like rackets attached to the hand 回力球运动(巴斯克人或西班牙人玩的一种球戏) 2  the ball used in this 回力球 [Spanish, = ball, augmentative of pella, from Latin pila]

pelt1 /pelt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  a  hurl many small missiles at 向…投掷b  strike repeatedly with missiles (用投掷攻击物的方式)连续打击c  assail (a person etc.) with insults, abuse, etc. (用侮辱、谩骂等)抨击(人等) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down) (of rain etc.) fall quickly and torrentially (雨等)急降，猛降 3 intr.  run fast 飞跑，疾跑 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  fire repeatedly 连续投掷 ●n.  the act or an instance of pelting 投掷；打击 □ at full pelt   as fast as possible 尽快，全速 [Middle English: origin unknown]

pelt2 /pelt/ n.  1  the undressed skin of a fur-bearing mammal 生皮 2  the skin of a sheep, goat, etc. with short wool, or stripped ready for tanning (绵羊、山羊等的)毛皮；(待制革的)生皮 3 joc.  the human skin [诙]人皮，皮肤 □ peltry  n.   [Middle English from obsolete pellet ‘skin’, diminutive of pel from Anglo-French pell, Old French pel, or back-formation from peltry, Anglo-French pelterie, Old French peleterie from peletier ‘furrier’, ultimately from Latin pellis ‘skin’]

pelta /ˈpeltə/ n. (pl. peltae /-ti:/)  1 hist.  a small light shield used by the ancient Greeks, Romans, etc. [史义] (古希腊人、罗马人等用的)轻盾 2 Bot.  a shieldlike structure, esp. in a lichen 【植】(尤指地衣的)盾状结构 □ peltate  adj.   [Latin from Greek peltē]

pelvic /ˈpelvik/ adj.  of or relating to the pelvis or the organs it encloses (e.g. the uterus) 骨盆的；骨盆区的；与骨盆(区)有关的(如：子宫)  pelvic fin  腹鳍 pelvic infection  骨盆感染

pelvic girdle n.  the bony or cartilaginous structure in vertebrates to which the posterior limbs are attached 骨盆带，腰带

pelvis /ˈpelvis/ n. (pl. pelvises or pelves /-vi:z/)  1  a basin-shaped cavity at the lower end of the torso of most vertebrates, formed from the innominate bone with the sacrum and other vertebrae 骨盆，盆腔 2  the basin-like cavity of the kidney 肾盂，盂 [Latin, = basin]

Pembs. abbr.  Pembrokeshire (a former county in Wales) [缩略]彭布鲁克郡(威尔士的一个旧郡名)

pemmican /ˈpemik(ə)n/ n.  1  a cake of dried pounded meat mixed with melted fat, originally made by N. American Indians (北美印第安人将干肉加脂肪制成的)干肉饼 2  beef so treated and flavoured with currants etc. for use by Arctic travellers etc. (北极旅游者等食用的)干牛肉(饼) [Cree pimecan from pime ‘fat’]

pemphigus /ˈpemfiɡəs/ n. Med.  the formation of watery blisters or eruptions on the skin 【医】天疱疮 □ pemphigoid  adj.  □ pemphigous  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek pemphix -igos ‘bubble’]

PEN abbr.  International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, and Novelists [缩略] (诗人、剧作家、编辑、散文家和小说家的)国际笔会

Pen. abbr. [缩略]  Peninsula 

pen1 /pen/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an instrument for writing or drawing with ink, originally consisting of a shaft with a sharpened quill or metal nib, now more widely applied (有笔杆、笔尖，使用墨水书写或绘画的)笔 2  a (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the occupation of writing 写作(职业)b  a style of writing 写作风格，文笔 3 Zool.  the tapering internal cartilaginous shell of a squid 【动】(枪乌贼软骨质的)羽状壳 ●v. tr. (penned, penning)  1  write 书写 2  compose and write 著(书)；作(文) □ put pen to paper   begin writing 动笔，着手写 [Middle English via Old French penne from Latin penna feather]

pen2 /pen/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small enclosure for cows, sheep, poultry, etc. (牛、羊、禽畜等的)圈，栏，厩 2  a place of confinement 监狱 3  an enclosure for sheltering submarines (庇护潜艇用的)隐蔽坞 4  a Jamaican farm or plantation (牙买加的)农场，种植物 ●v. tr. (penned, penning) (often foll. by 常后跟 in, up)  enclose or shut up, esp. in a pen (尤指)将…关在栏中；将…关在监狱里 [Old English penn, of unknown origin]

pen3 /pen/ n.  a female swan 雌天鹅 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pen4 /pen/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  = PENITENTIARYn. 1  [abbreviation]

penal /ˈpi:n(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or concerning punishment or its infliction 刑罚的，处罚的  penal laws  刑法 a penal sentence  刑事宣判 a penal colony  罪犯流放地b (of an offence) punishable, esp. by law (罪行)该处罚的；(尤指)该法办的 2  extremely severe 繁重的，苛刻的  penal taxation  繁重的课税 □ penally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French penal or Latin poenalis, from poena PAIN]

penalize /ˈpi:n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  subject (a person) to a penalty or comparative disadvantage 对(某人)处以刑罚；使(某人)处于比较不利的境地 2  make or declare (an action) penal 规定(或宣布) (某行为)应受处罚 □ penalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

penal servitude n. hist.  imprisonment with compulsory labour [史义]劳役刑，劳役监禁

penalty /ˈpen(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a punishment, esp. a fine, for a breach of law, contract, etc. (因违反法律、合同等而受到的)处罚，惩罚(尤指罚款)b  a fine paid (支付的)罚金，罚款 2  a disadvantage, loss, etc., esp. as a result of one's own actions (尤指某人自己的行为所带来的)不利(损失等)  paid the penalty for his carelessness  他因疏忽大意而自食苦果 3  a  a disadvantage imposed on a competitor or side in a game etc. for a breach of the rules etc. (因违反游戏规则等而给一方的)犯规处罚b (作 attrib.)  awarded against a side incurring a penalty (因一方犯规，给予另一方的)罚球  penalty kick  罚点球 penalty goal  罚球得分 4 Bridge  etc. points gained by opponents when a contract is not fulfilled 【桥牌】(桥牌等游戏中未完成约定的)罚分 □ the penalty of   a disadvantage resulting from (a quality etc.) (因质量等引起的)不利后果□ under (or on) penalty of   under the threat of (dismissal etc.) 受(解雇等)处罚 [Anglo-French via Old French pénalité from medieval Latin penalitas (as PENAL)]

penalty area n. Football  the ground in front of the goal in which a foul by defenders involves the award of a penalty kick 【足球】禁区，罚球区

penalty box n. Ice Hockey  an area reserved for penalized players and some officials 【冰球】(被罚下场的球员和一些官员的)座席

penalty kick n. Football  a free-kick at the goal, given after a foul in the penalty area 【足球】罚点球

penalty rate n. Austral.  an increased rate of pay for overtime [澳] (由于加班而获得的)双倍加班费

penalty shoot-out  see 见 SHOOT-OUT 2 

penalty spot  see 见 SPOT n. 2c 

penance /ˈpenəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an act of self-punishment as reparation for guilt (表示赎罪的)自我惩罚行为 2  a (in the RC and Orthodox Church) a sacrament including confession of and absolution for a sin (天主教、东正教中的)忏悔；赦罪b  a penalty imposed esp. by a priest, or undertaken voluntarily, for a sin 为赎罪而被强加的(尤指牧师所强加的或自愿接受的)处罚 ●v. tr.  impose a penance on 使悔罪；使苦修 □ do penance   perform a penance 悔罪；苦修 [Middle English via Old French from Latin paenitentia (as PENITENT)]

pen and ink n. & adj. ●n.  1  the instruments of writing 书写工具 2  writing 写作 ●adj. (作 pen-and-ink)  drawn or written with ink 用墨水画(或写)的

penannular /peˈnænjʊlə/ adj.  almost ringlike 几乎成环状的 [Latin paene ‘almost’ + ANNULAR]

penates /piˈnɑ:ti:z, -ˈneit-/ n. pl. Rom. Hist.  the household gods, esp. of the storeroom (see 见 LARES) [罗马]【史】家神(尤指储藏室诸守护神) [Latin, from penus ‘provision of food’]

pence /pens/ n.  1 pl.  of PENNY  2 colloq. [口]  = PENNY 1 

penchant /ˈpɒ˜ʃɒ˜/ n.  an inclination or liking 偏爱，爱好  has a penchant for old films  偏爱老电影 [French, pres. part. of pencher ‘incline’]

pencil /ˈpens(ə)l, -sil/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  an instrument for writing or drawing, usu. consisting of a thin rod of graphite etc. enclosed in a wooden cylinder 铅笔  a pencil sketch  铅笔画或素描b  a similar instrument with a metal or plastic cover and retractable lead 自动铅笔c  a cosmetic in pencil form 化妆笔 2 (作 attrib.)  resembling a pencil in shape 笔状物  pencil skirt  筒裙 3 Optics  a set of rays meeting at a point 【光学】(辐集于一点的)光线束 4 Geom.  a figure formed by a set of straight lines meeting at a point 【几】(交于一点的)线束 5  a draughtsman's art or style (画家的)笔法(或风格) ●v. tr. (pencilled, pencilling; US [美] penciled, penciling)  1  tint or mark with or as if with a pencil (用或好像用铅笔)在…上着色(或做记号) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  a  write, esp. tentatively or provisionally 记下(尤指试验性或临时性地记下)；临时记下  have pencilled in the 29th for our meeting  我们的会议暂定在 29 日b (esp. as 尤作 pencilled adj.)  fill (an area) with soft pencil strokes 用铅笔轻轻地涂满(一个区域)  a perfectly pencilled eyebrow  用眉笔描得很完美的眉毛 □ penciller  n.   [Middle English from Old French pincel, ultimately from Latin penicillum ‘paintbrush’, diminutive of peniculus ‘brush’, diminutive of penis ‘tail’]

pencil box n.  a box for pencils etc. 铅笔盒

pencil case n.  a container for pencils etc. 铅笔盒

pencil sharpener n.  a device for sharpening a pencil by rotating it against a cutting edge 削铅笔器

pendant /ˈpend(ə)nt/ n.  1  a hanging jewel etc., esp. one attached to a necklace, bracelet, etc. (尤指项链、手镯等上的)垂饰 2  a light fitting, ornament, etc., hanging from a ceiling (从天花板垂下的)灯具(或装饰等) 3 Naut. 【海】  a  a short rope hanging from the head of a mast etc., used for attaching tackles (桅杆顶上用于连接滑车的)短索b Brit. [英]  = PENNANT 1  4  the shank and ring of a pocket watch by which it is suspended (怀表的)表柄，表环 5 /ˈpend(ə)nt, ˈpɒ˜dɒ˜/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a match, companion, parallel, complement, etc. 对手；伙伴；类似的东西；补充的东西 [Middle English from Old French, from pendre ‘hang’, from Latin pendere]

pendent /ˈpend(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 pendant)  1  a  hanging 下垂的，吊着的b  overhanging 悬挂的，悬空的 2  undecided; pending 未定的，悬而未决的 3 Gram. (esp. of a sentence) incomplete; not having a finite verb 【语法】(尤指句子)结构不完整的；没有限定动词的  pendent nominative  不完全主格 □ pendency  n.   [Middle English (as PENDANT)]

pendente lite /penˌdenti ˈlaiti/ adv. Law  during the progress of a suit 【法律】诉讼期间 [Latin]

pendentive /penˈdentiv/ n. Archit.  a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches 【建】三角穹圆顶；穹隅 [French pendentif -ive (adj.) (as PENDANT)]

pending /ˈpendiŋ/ adj. & prep. ●predic. adj.  1  awaiting decision or settlement, undecided 待定的，待决的，未定的  a settlement was pending  协议悬而未决 2  about to come into existence 即将产生(存在)  patent pending  申请中的专利 ●prep.  1  during 在…期间  pending these negotiations  谈判期间 2  until 直到…时为止  pending his return  在他回来之前 [suggested by French pendant (see PENDENT)]

pending tray n. Brit.  a tray for documents, letters, etc., awaiting attention [英] (待处理文件、信件等的)存放盘

pendragon /penˈdræɡ(ə)n/ n. hist.  an ancient British or Welsh prince (often as a title) [史义] (常作为称号)古代不列颠或威尔士的王储 [Welsh, = chief war-leader, from pen ‘head’ + dragon ‘standard’]

penduline /ˈpendjʊlain/ adj.  1 (of a nest) suspended (鸟巢)悬着的，吊着的 2 (of a bird) of a kind that builds such a nest (鸟)筑悬巢的，筑吊巢的 [French (as PENDULOUS)]

pendulous /ˈpendjʊləs/ adj.  1 (of ears, breasts, flowers, branches, etc.) hanging down; drooping (耳朵、乳房、花朵、树枝等)下垂的 2  swinging; oscillating 摆动的，振荡的 □ pendulously  adv.   [Latin pendulus from pendēre ‘hang’]

pendulum /ˈpendjʊləm/ n.  a weight suspended so as to swing freely, esp. a rod with a weighted end regulating the movement of a clock's works 摆，摆锤(尤指钟摆) □ swing of the pendulum   the tendency of public opinion to oscillate between extremes, esp. between political parties 舆论(在两个极端之间，尤指两个政党之间)摇摆不定的趋势 [Latin, neut. of pendulus PENDULOUS, used as a noun]

Penelope /pəˈneləpi, piˈneləpi/   佩内洛普 [人名]

peneplain /ˈpi:niplein/ n. Geol.  a fairly flat area of land produced by erosion 【地质】(因侵蚀而形成的)准平原 [Latin paene ‘almost’ + PLAIN1]

penetralia /peniˈtreiliə/ n. pl.  1  innermost shrines or recesses 内殿；密室；最隐秘的地方 2  secret or hidden parts; mysteries 秘密，隐秘；神秘 [Latin, neut. pl. of penetralis ‘interior’ (as PENETRATE)]

penetrate /ˈpenitreit/ v.  1 tr.  a  find access into or through, esp. forcibly (尤指强行)进入；穿过b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  imbue (a person or thing) with; permeate 使充溢，弥漫；渗透 2 tr.  see into, find out, or discern (a person's mind, the truth, a meaning, etc.) 了解，看出，识别(某人的思想、真理、某个含义等) 3 tr.  see through (darkness, fog, etc.) 看透(黑暗、雾等)  could not penetrate the gloom  昏暗中看不清 4 intr.  be absorbed by the mind 理解，领悟  my hint did not penetrate  我的暗示没被理解 5 tr. (as 作 penetrating adj.)  a  having or suggesting sensitivity or insight 敏锐(的)，有洞察力(的)  a penetrating remark  透彻的评论b (of a voice etc.) easily heard through or above other sounds; piercing (声音等)响亮(的)；尖刺(的) 6 tr. (of a man) put the penis into the vagina of (a woman) (男人)把阴茎插入(女人的)阴道 7 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, through, to)  make a way 透过，渗透 □ penetrable  /-trəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ penetrability  /-trəˈbiliti/ n.  □ penetrant  adj. & n.  □ penetratingly  adv.  □ penetration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ penetrative  /-trətiv/ adj.  □ penetrator  n.   [Latin penetrare ‘place or enter within’ from penitus ‘interior’]

pen-feather n.  a quill-feather of a bird's wing (鸟翅上的)翮羽

penfriend /ˈpenfrend/ n. Brit.  a friend communicated with by letter only [英]笔友

penguin /ˈpeŋɡwin/ n.  any flightless seabird of the family Spheniscidae of the southern hemisphere, with black upper parts and white underparts, and wings developed into scaly flippers for swimming underwater 企鹅 [16th c., originally = great auk: origin unknown]

pen holder n.  the esp. wooden shaft of a pen with a metal nib (尤指金属尖头钢笔的木制的)笔杆

penicillate /ˈpenisilət, -ˈsilət/ adj. Biol.  1  having or forming a small tuft or tufts 【生】有(或形成)毛撮的 2  marked with streaks as of a pencil or brush 铅笔(或画笔)头状的 [Latin penicillum: see PENCIL]

penicillin /peniˈsilin/ n.  any of various antibiotics produced naturally by moulds of the genus Penicillium, or synthetically, and able to prevent the growth of certain disease-causing bacteria 青霉素，盘尼西林 [modern Latin genus name Penicillium from Latin penicillum: see PENCIL]

penile /ˈpi:nail/ adj.  of or concerning the penis 阴茎的，与阴茎有关的 [modern Latin penilis]

peninsula /piˈninsjʊlə/ n.  a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting far into a sea or lake etc. 半岛 □ peninsular  adj.   [Latin paeninsula, from paene ‘almost’ + insula ‘island’]

penis /ˈpi:nis/ n. (pl. penises or 或 penes /-ni:z/)  1  the male organ of copulation and (in mammals) urination 阴茎 2  the male copulatory organ in lower vertebrates (雄性低级脊椎动物的)交媾器官 [Latin, = tail, penis]

penitent /ˈpenit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  regretting and wishing to atone for sins etc.; repentant 悔罪的，忏悔的 ●n.  1  a repentant sinner 悔罪者，忏悔者 2  a person doing penance under the direction of a confessor (在神父指导下)进行告解的人 3 (in pl. 用复数)  various RC orders associated for mutual discipline and the giving of aid to criminals, prostitutes, etc. (天主教关于共同修行及为罪犯、妓女提供帮助的)规则 □ penitence  n.  □ penitently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin paenitens, from paenitēre ‘repent’]

penitential /peniˈtenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning penitence or penance (有关)忏悔的，悔过的；补赎的，苦修的 □ penitentially  adv.   [Old French penitencial from Late Latin paenitentialis, from paenitentia ‘penitence’ (as PENITENT)]

penitential psalms n. pl.  seven psalms (6 、 32 、 38 、 51 、 102 、 130 、 143) expressing penitence (《圣经》中的)7 首忏悔诗(指 6 、 32 、 38 、 51 、 102 、 130 、 143 等 7 首)

penitentiary /peniˈtenʃ(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 N. Amer.  a reformatory prison [北美]监狱 2  an office in the papal court deciding questions of penance, dispensations, etc. (决定苦修、特赦等问题的)悔罪所，反省院 ●adj.  1  of or concerning penance 赎罪的，自我惩罚的 2  of or concerning reformatory treatment (有关)感化(或教养)的 3 US (of an offence) making a culprit liable to a prison sentence [美] (罪行)应监禁的，导致监禁的 [Middle English from medieval Latin paenitentiarius (adj. & n.) (as PENITENT)]

penknife /ˈpennaif/ n. (pl. penknives)  a small folding knife, esp. for carrying in a pocket (尤指可放入口袋里的)折叠小刀

penlight /ˈpenlait/ n.  a small electric torch shaped like a fountain pen 钢笔式小电筒

penman /ˈpenmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who writes by hand with a specified skill 有书法特长的人，书法家  a good penman  好的书法家 2  an author 作者，作家 □ penmanship  n.  

Penn. abbr. (also 亦作 Penna.)  Pennsylvania [缩略] (美国)宾夕法尼亚州

pen-name n.  a literary pseudonym 笔名

pennant /ˈpenənt/ n.  1 Naut.  a tapering flag, esp. that flown at the masthead of a vessel in commission 【海】(尤指现役船只上的)三角旗，燕尾旗 2  = PENDANT 3a  3  = PENNON  4 N. Amer.  a flag denoting a sports championship etc. [北美] (体育锦标赛等的)锦旗 [blend of PENDANT and PENNON]

penne /ˈpeni/ n.  pasta in the form of short wide tubes (短粗的)空心面 [Italian, pl. of penna ‘quill’]

penniless /ˈpenilis/ adj.  having no money; destitute 身无分文的，一贫如洗的 □ pennilessly  adv.  □ pennilessness  n.  

pennon /ˈpenən/ n.  1  a long narrow flag, triangular or swallow-tailed, esp. as the military ensign of lancer regiments 三角矛旗，燕尾矛旗(尤指长矛骑兵团团旗) 2 Naut.  a long pointed streamer on a ship 【海】(船上形状狭长的)尖旗 3  a flag (一般的)旗帜 □ pennoned  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin penna ‘feather’]

penn'orth var.  of PENNYWORTH  PENNYWORTH 的变体

Pennsylvania Dutch /pensilˈveiniə/ n.  1  a dialect of High German spoken by descendants of 17th － 18th-c. German and Swiss immigrants to Pennsylvania etc. (指 17 至 18 世纪移居美国宾夕法尼亚州等地的德国和瑞士人后裔所讲的高地德语方言)宾州德语 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  these settlers or their descendants 德裔宾州人

Pennsylvanian /pensilˈveiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Pennsylvania, a state of the US (美国)宾夕法尼亚州人 2 (prec. by 前接 the) esp. N. Amer. Geol.  the upper Carboniferous period or system [尤北美]【地质】宾夕法尼亚纪(晚石炭纪)；宾夕法尼亚系 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Pennsylvania (有关)宾夕法尼亚州(人)的 2 esp. N. Amer. Geol.  of or relating to the upper Carboniferous period or system [尤北美]【地质】(有关)宾夕法尼亚纪(或系)的

Penny /ˈpeni/   彭尼 [人名]

penny /ˈpeni/ n. (pl. for separate coins 表示硬币个数的复数用 -ies, for a sum of money 表示钱款总额的复数用 pence /pens/)  1  a British bronze coin and monetary unit equal to one-hundredth of a pound (abbr. 缩略 : p) 英国青铜硬币；便士(英国货币单位，等于 1/100 英镑) 2 hist.  a former British coin and monetary unit equal to one two-hundred-and-fortieth of a pound (abbr. 缩略 : d) [史义]便士(前英国硬币和货币单位，等于 1/240 英镑) 3 N. Amer.  a one-cent coin [北美]一分硬币 4 Bibl.  a denarius 【圣经】古罗马银币 □ in for a penny, in for a pound   an exhortation to total commitment to an undertaking 一旦开始就干到底；一不做，二不休□ like a bad penny   continually returning when unwanted 不想要时一再出现□ pennies from heaven   unexpected benefits 意外的收获□ the penny drops  Brit. colloq.  one begins to understand at last [英口]最终明白了；恍然大悟□ a penny for your thoughts   a request to a thoughtful person to confide in the speaker 你呆呆地在想什么□ a pretty penny   a large sum of money 可观的一笔钱(款)□ two a penny   almost worthless though easily obtained 廉价而易得的，多得不值钱的 [Old English penig, penning from Germanic: perhaps related to PAWN2]

-penny /pəni/ comb. form Brit.  forming attributive adjectives meaning ‘costing ... pence’ (esp. in pre-decimal currency) (fivepenny 5 便士) [构词成分] [英]构成做定语的形容词，表示“值…便士”(尤指旧十进币制)

penny black n. hist.  the first adhesive postage stamp (1840, value one penny) [史义]黑便士邮票 (1840 年英国发行第一枚背面涂黑胶的 1 便士邮票)

penny cress n.  a plant, Thlaspi arvense, with flat round pods 菥蓂

penny dreadful n. Brit.  a cheap sensational comic or story book [英]廉价惊险连环画(或故事书)

penny-farthing n. Brit. hist.  an early type of bicycle with one large and one small wheel [英史义] (早期一轮大一轮小的)自行车

penny-in-the-slot attrib. adj. Brit. (of a machine) activated by a coin pushed into a slot [英]投硬币开动的(机器)

penny-pinching n. & adj. ●n.  meanness 吝啬，小气 ●adj.  mean 吝啬的，小气的 □ penny-pincher  n.  

penny post n. Brit. hist.  the system of carrying letters etc. at a standard charge of 1d. regardless of distance [英史义] (旧时不管信件等的远近按统一标准收 1 便士邮资的)一便士邮政制

pennyroyal /peniˈrɔiəl/ n.  1  a creeping mint, Mentha pulegium, cultivated for its supposed medicinal properties (一种药用)薄荷 2 N. Amer.  an aromatic plant, Hedeoma pulegioides [北美]穗花薄荷属植物 [apparently from earlier puliol(e)ryall from Anglo-French puliol, Old French pouliol (ultimately from Latin pulegium) + real ROYAL]

pennyweight /ˈpeniweit/ n.  a unit of weight, 24 grains or one-twentieth of an ounce troy 本尼威特(重量单位，等于 24 格令或 1/20 盎司)

penny whistle n.  a tin pipe with six holes giving different notes 六孔小笛，六孔哨

penny wise adj.  careful in saving small amounts 小数目上节约的 □ penny wise and pound foolish   mean in small expenditures but wasteful of large amounts 小处打算盘，大处倒浪费

pennywort /ˈpeniwɜ:t/ n. any of several wild plants with rounded leaves, esp. (圆叶)野生植物(尤指):  1 (wall pennywort) Umbilicus rupestris, growing in crevices (生长在裂缝处的)脐景天 2 (marsh or water pennywort) Hydrocotyle vulgaris, growing in marshy places (生长在沼泽地带的)石胡荽 [Middle English, from PENNY + WORT]

pennyworth /ˈpeniwɜ:θ/ n. (also 亦作 penn'orth /ˈpenəθ/) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  as much as can be bought for a penny 1 便士的价值； 1 便士价值的东西 2  a bargain of a specified kind 交易，买卖  a bad pennyworth  一笔吃亏的买卖 □ not a pennyworth   not the least bit 丝毫不，一钱不值

penology /pi:ˈnɒlədʒi, pi-/ n.  the study of the punishment of crime and of prison management 刑罚学；典狱学 □ penological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ penologist  n.   [Latin poena ‘penalty’ + -LOGY]

pen pal n. colloq. [口]  = PENFRIEND 

pen-pushing n. colloq. derog.  clerical work [口] [贬]文书工作，小事务员工作 □ pen-pusher  n.  

pensile /ˈpensail/ adj.  1  hanging down; pendulous 下垂的，悬吊的 2 (of a bird etc.) building a pensile nest (鸟等)筑悬巢的 [Latin pensilis from pendēre pens- ‘hang’]

pension1 /ˈpenʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (in full 全称 Brit. [英] state pension or US [美] government pension)  a regular payment made by a government to people above a specified age, to widows, or to the disabled 养老金；抚恤金；残疾补助金b  similar payments made by an employer etc. on the retirement of an employee 退休金 2  a  a regular payment paid to a scientist, artist, etc. for services to the state, or to fund work (给科学家、艺术家等的)津贴b  any regular payment paid esp. by a government on charitable grounds (尤指政府定期给的)慈善款 ●v. tr.  1  grant a pension to 发给…养老金(退休金或抚恤金) 2  bribe with a pension 用津贴(或补助金等)贿赂 □ pension off   1  dismiss with a pension 发给养老金(津贴等)使离职(退休) 2  cease to employ or use 停止雇用(使用)□ pensionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin pensio -onis ‘payment’, from pendere pens- ‘pay’]

pension2 /pɒ˜ˈsjɒ˜, 法 pɑ˜sjɔ˜/ n.  a boarding house in France or continental Europe etc., providing full or half board at a fixed rate (法国及欧洲大陆等的)膳宿公寓 □ en pension  /ɒ˜, 法 ɑ˜/  as a boarder 膳宿生 [French: see PENSION1]

pensionable /ˈpenʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  entitled to a pension 有资格领取养老金(或退休金等)的 2 (of a service, job, etc.) entitling an employee to a pension (服务、工作等)使雇员有资格得到津贴(或补助金)的 □ pensionability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

pensionary /ˈpenʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning a pension 养老金(退休金、抚恤金、补助金等)的；关于养老金(退休金、抚恤金、补助金等)的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a pensioner 领取养老金(退休金、抚恤金、补助金等)的人 2  a creature; a hireling 傀儡；受雇佣的人 [medieval Latin pensionarius (as PENSION1)]

pensioner /ˈpenʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a recipient of a pension, esp. the retirement pension 领养老金(退休金、抚恤金、补助金)的人(尤指领退休金的人) [Middle English from Anglo-French pensionner, Old French pensionnier (as PENSION1)]

pensive /ˈpensiv/ adj.  1  deep in thought 沉思的 2  sorrowfully thoughtful 忧虑的 □ pensively  adv.  □ pensiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French pensif, -ive, from penser ‘think’, from Latin pensare, frequentative of pendere pens- ‘weigh’]

penstemon /penˈsti:mən, -ˈstemən, ˈpenstimən/ n. (also 亦作 pentstemon /pentˈsti:mən, -ˈstemən, ˈpentstimən/)  any American herbaceous plant of the genus Penstemon, with showy flowers and five stamens, one of which is sterile (美洲草本)钓钟柳属植物 [modern Latin, formed irregularly from PENTA- + Greek stēmōn ‘warp’, used to mean ‘stamen’]

penstock /ˈpenstɒk/ n.  1  a sluice; a floodgate 水闸，水门 2 US  a channel for conveying water to a waterwheel [美] (把水引向水车的)管道；水渠 [PEN2, in the sense ‘mill-dam’, + STOCK]

pensée /pɒ˜ˈsei, 法 pɑ˜se/ n.  a thought or reflection put into literary form; an aphorism (通过文学形式表达出来的)思想，反思；格言，箴言 [French]

pent /pent/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, up)  closely confined; shut in 被禁锢的，被关闭的  pent-up feelings  被抑制的感情 [past part. of pend, variant of PEN2 v.]

penta- /ˈpentə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  five 五 2 Chem. (forming the names of compounds) containing five atoms or groups of a specified kind (pentachloride 五氯化物 ; pentoxide 五氧化物) 【化】(组成化合物名称)戊；五 [Greek from pente ‘five’]

pentachord /ˈpentəkɔ:d/ n.  1  a musical instrument with five strings 五弦琴 2  a series of five musical notes 五音列

pentacle /ˈpentək(ə)l/ n.  a pentagram or similar figure used as a mystic or magical symbol (象征神秘、魔力的)五角形(或类似)图案 [medieval Latin pentaculum (as PENTA-)]

pentad /ˈpentæd/ n.  1  the number five 五 2  a group of five 5 个一组 [Greek pentas -ados from pente ‘five’]

pentadactyl /pentəˈdæktil/ adj. Zool.  having five toes or fingers 【动】有五趾或(五指)的

pentagon /ˈpentəɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a plane figure with five sides and angles 五角形 2 (作 the Pentagon)  a  the pentagonal headquarters of the US defence forces in Washington, DC (位于华盛顿特区的美国国防部所在地)五角大楼b  the leaders of the US defence forces 美国国防部首脑 □ pentagonal  /-ˈtæɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [French pentagone, or via Late Latin pentagonus from Greek pentagōnon (as PENTA-, -GON)]

pentagram /ˈpentəɡræm/ n.  a five-pointed star formed by extending the sides of a pentagon both ways until they intersect, used as a mystic symbol (象征神秘的)五角星形 [Greek pentagrammon (as PENTA-, -GRAM)]

pentagynous /penˈtædʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having five pistils 【植】五雌蕊的

pentahedron /pentəˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. pentahedra /-drə/ or pentahedrons)  a solid figure with five faces 五面体 □ pentahedral  adj.  

pentamerous /penˈtæm(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 Bot.  having five parts in a flower-whorl 【植】(花的轮生体)有五片的 2 Zool.  having five joints or parts 【动】有五个关节(或五部分)的

pentameter /penˈtæmitə/ n.  1  a verse of five feet, e.g. English iambic verse of ten syllables 五音步诗(如英语的抑扬格十音节诗) 2  a form of Greek or Latin dactylic verse composed of two halves each of two feet and a long syllable, used in elegiac verse (希腊或拉丁的)扬抑抑格诗(一行由两部分组成，每一部分有两个音步和一个长音节，用在挽诗中) [Latin from Greek pentametros (as PENTA-, -METER)]

pentandrous /penˈtændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having five stamens 【植】五雄蕊的

pentane /ˈpentein/ n. Chem.  a hydrocarbon of the alkane series Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C5H12 【化】戊烷 [Greek pente ‘five’ + ALKANE]

pentangle /ˈpentæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  = PENTAGRAM  [Middle English, perhaps from medieval Latin pentaculum PENTACLE, assimilated to Latin angulus ANGLE1]

pentanoic acid /pentəˈnəʊik/ n. Chem.  a colourless liquid carboxylic acid used in making perfumes 【化】戊酸 [PENTANE]

pentaprism /ˈpentəpriz(ə)m/ n.  a five-sided prism with two silvered surfaces used in a viewfinder to obtain a constant deviation of all rays of light through 90° 五棱镜

Pentateuch /ˈpentətju:k/ n.  the first five books of the Old Testament, traditionally ascribed to Moses 摩西五经(《旧约》的首 5 卷，又译《梅瑟五书》) □ Pentateuchal  /-ˈtju:k(ə)l/ adj.   [ecclesiastical Latin pentateuchus from ecclesiastical Greek pentateukhos (as PENTA-, teukhos ‘implement, book’)]

pentathlon /penˈtæθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic event comprising five different events for each competitor 五项全能运动 □ pentathlete  /-li:t/ n.   [Greek, from pente ‘five’ + athlon ‘contest’]

pentatonic /pentəˈtɒnik/ adj. Mus. 【音】  1  consisting of five notes 五音阶的 2  relating to such a scale 与五音阶有关的

pentavalent /pentəˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of five; quinquevalent 【化】五价的；有五种不同价的

Pentecost /ˈpentikɒst/ n.  1  a  Whit Sunday (基督教的)圣灵降临节b  a festival celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Whit Sunday (圣灵降临节时的)圣灵降临庆典 2  a  the Jewish harvest festival, on the fiftieth day after the second day of Passover (Lev. 23:15 － 16) (犹太人的)五旬节(庆祝收获的节日，在逾越节次日起的第 50 日)b  a synagogue ceremony on the anniversary of the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai (纪念在西奈山授托拉圣经的)犹太教周年纪念典礼 [Old English pentecosten & Old French pentecoste, via ecclesiastical Latin pentecoste from Greek pentēkostē (hēmera) ‘fiftieth (day)’]

Pentecostal /pentiˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 pentecostal)  1  of or relating to Pentecost 五旬节的；圣灵降临节的；与五旬节(圣灵降临节)有关的 2  of or designating Christian sects and individuals who emphasize baptism in the Holy Spirit evidenced by ‘speaking in tongues’, who are often fundamentalist in doctrine, and who are exuberant in worship (强调圣灵洗礼的)五旬节派(原教旨主义者，热衷于祟拜)的 ●n.  a Pentecostalist 五旬节派教会的教徒 □ Pentecostalism  n.  □ Pentecostalist  adj. & n.  

penthouse /ˈpenthaʊs/ n.  1  a house or flat on the roof or the top floor of a tall building 屋顶房间；顶层公寓 2  a sloping roof, esp. of an outhouse built on to another building (尤指附于另一建筑物搭建的)倾斜屋顶 3  an awning, a canopy 遮棚 [Middle English pentis via Old French apentis, -dis, and medieval Latin appendicium (in Late Latin = appendage) from Latin (as APPEND): influenced by HOUSE]

pentimento /pentiˈmentəʊ/ n. (pl. pentimenti /-ti:/)  the phenomenon of earlier painting showing through a layer or layers of paint on a canvas (被颜料遮盖的最初的素描或着色痕迹的)重现现象 [Italian, = repentance]

pentobarbitone /pentəˈbɑ:bitəʊn/ n. (US [美] pentobarbital /-t(ə)l/)  a narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug formerly used to relieve insomnia 戊巴比妥(以前用来缓解失眠的麻醉、镇静剂) [PENTA-, BARBITONE, BARBITAL]

pentode /ˈpentəʊd/ n.  a thermionic valve having five electrodes 五极管 [Greek pente ‘five’ + hodos ‘way’]

pentose /ˈpentəʊz, -s/ n. Biochem.  any monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, including ribose 【生化】戊糖 [PENTA- + -OSE2]

Pentothal /ˈpentəθæl/ n. propr. [商标]  = THIOPENTONE 

pent roof n.  a roof sloping in one direction only 单斜屋顶 [PENTHOUSE + ROOF]

pentstemon var.  of PENSTEMON  PENSTEMON 的变体

pentyl /ˈpentail, -til/ n.  = AMYL  [PENTANE + -YL]

penult /piˈnʌlt, ˈpenʌlt/ n. & adj. ●n.  the last but one (esp. syllable) (尤指音节)倒数第二个 ●adj.  last but one 倒数第二的 [abbreviation of Latin paenultimus (see PENULTIMATE) or of PENULTIMATE]

penultimate /piˈnʌltimət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  last but one 倒数第二的 ●n.  1  the last but one 倒数第二 2  the last syllable but one 倒数第二个音节 [Latin paenultimus, from paene ‘almost’ + ultimus ‘last’, on the pattern of ultimate]

penumbra /piˈnʌmbrə/ n. (pl. penumbrae /-bri:/ or penumbras)  1  a  the partly shaded outer region of the shadow cast by an opaque object, esp. (Astron.) that of the shadow cast by the earth or moon over an area experiencing a partial eclipse (尤指天文学中日蚀、月蚀的)半影b Astron.  the less dark outer part of a sunspot 【天】(太阳黑子周围的)半暗部 2  a  a partial shadow 半阴影b  an area of obscurity or uncertainty (界限模糊不确定的)区域 □ penumbral  adj.   [modern Latin, from Latin paene ‘almost’ + UMBRA ‘shadow’]

penurious /piˈnjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  poor; destitute 贫穷的，拮据的 2  stingy; grudging 吝啬的，吝惜的 3  scanty 不足的，贫乏的 □ penuriously  adv.  □ penuriousness  n.   [medieval Latin penuriosus (as PENURY)]

penury /ˈpenjʊri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  destitution; poverty 贫穷，拮据 2  a lack; scarcity 缺乏，不足 [Middle English from Latin penuria, perhaps related to paene ‘almost’]

peon /ˈpi:ən/ n.  1 /also 亦作 perˈɒn/  a Spanish-American day labourer or farmworker (西班牙裔美洲人)短工(农工) 2 /also 亦作 pju:n/  an Indian office messenger, attendant, or orderly (印度的)信差，随从，勤务兵 3  a bullfighter's assistant 斗牛士助手 4 hist.  a worker held in servitude in the south-western US [史义] (美国西南部的)抵债苦工，抵债奴 5 N. Amer.  a menial or drudge [北美]苦工 □ peonage  n.   [Portuguese peɑˉo & Spanish peon via medieval Latin pedo -onis ‘walker, foot soldier’ from Latin pes pedis ‘foot’: cf. PAWN1]

peony /ˈpi:əni/ n. (also 亦作 paeony) (pl. -ies)  any herbaceous plant of the genus Paeonia, with large globular red, pink, or white flowers, often double in cultivated varieties 牡丹；芍药 [Old English peonie via Latin peonia from Greek paiōnia, from Paiōn, the name of the physician of the gods]

people /ˈpi:p(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  a  persons composing a community, tribe, race, nation, etc. (组成社会、部落、种族、国家等的)人民；民族；种族  the English people  英国人民 a warlike people  尚武的民族 the peoples of the Commonwealth  联邦的各民族b  a group of persons of a usu. specified kind (常指特定的)人群  the chosen people  经过挑选的人 these people here  在这里的这些人 right-thinking people  思维正确的人 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  a  the mass of people in a country etc. not having special rank or position 平民，民众，老百姓b  these considered as an electorate 选民  the people will reject it  选民将反对它 3  a Brit.  parents or other relatives [英]父母；其他亲戚  my people disapprove  我家里人不同意b US  ancestors [美]祖宗 4  a  subjects, armed followers, a retinue, etc. 下属(武装随从，随员等)b  a congregation of a parish priest etc. (教区牧师的)群体 5  persons in general (一般的)人，人们  people do not like rudeness  人们不喜欢粗鲁无礼 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  fill with people, animals, etc.; populate 使充满人(动物等)，居住于 2 (esp. as 尤作 peopled adj.)  inhabit; occupy; fill 居住于，占据，充满  thickly peopled  人口稠密的 [Middle English via Anglo-French poeple, people, Old French pople, peuple, from Latin populus]

people's democracy n.  a political system, formerly esp. in E. Europe, with power regarded as invested in the people (尤指前东欧的)人民民主政体(国家)

PEP abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  Political and Economic Planning 政治经济计划(组织) 2 /pep/  Personal Equity Plan 个人股本投资计划

pep /pep/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  vigour; go; spirit 精力，劲头，精神 ●v. tr. (pepped, pepping) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  fill with vigour 使充满活力；使振奋 [abbreviation of PEPPER]

peperino /pepəˈri:nəʊ/ n.  a light porous (esp. brown) volcanic rock formed of small grains of sand, cinders, etc. 白榴拟灰岩 [Italian from pepere ‘pepper’]

peperoni var.  of PEPPERONI  PEPPERONI 的变体

peplum /ˈpepləm/ n.  1  a short flounce etc. at waist level, esp. of a blouse or jacket over a skirt (尤指装在女式上衣或夹克衫腰部的)荷叶边装饰 2 Gk Antiq.  a woman's outer garment [古希腊]女式外衣 [Latin from Greek peplos]

pepo /ˈpi:pəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any fleshy fruit of the melon or cucumber type, with numerous seeds and surrounded by a hard skin (葫芦科植物的)浆果，瓠果 [Latin, = pumpkin, from Greek pepōn, abbreviation of pepōn sikuos ‘ripe gourd’]

pepper /ˈpepə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hot aromatic condiment from the dried berries of certain plants used whole or ground 辣椒(粉)；胡椒(粉)b  any climbing vine of the genus Piper, esp. P. nigrum, yielding these berries 胡椒属植物(尤指胡椒) 2  anything hot or pungent 任何辛辣之物 3  a  = CAPSICUM b  = CAYENNE  ●v. tr.  1  sprinkle or treat with or as if with pepper 撒以胡椒粉，(似)用胡椒粉调味 2  a  pelt with missiles (以子弹)密击b  hurl abuse etc. at 痛骂 3  punish severely 重罚 [Old English piper, pipor via Latin piper and Greek peperi from Sanskrit pippalī- ‘berry, peppercorn’]

pepperbox /ˈpepəbɒks/ n.  1  = PEPPER POT 1  2  a gun or artillery piece with a revolving set of barrels 转轮枪(或炮)

peppercorn /ˈpepəkɔ:n/ n.  1  the dried berry of Piper nigrum as a condiment 胡椒子 2 (in full 全称 peppercorn rent) Brit.  a nominal rent [英]象征性的租金，空有其名的租金

pepper mill n.  a device for grinding pepper by hand (手动的)胡椒研磨器

peppermint /ˈpepəmint/ n.  1  a  a mint plant, Mentha piperita, grown for the strong-flavoured oil obtained from its leaves 胡椒薄荷植物b  the oil from this 胡椒薄荷油 2  a sweet flavoured with peppermint 胡椒薄荷糖 3 Austral.  any of various eucalyptuses yielding oil with a similar flavour [澳] (出产同样味道油的)桉树 □ pepperminty  adj.  

pepperoni /pepəˈrəʊni/ n. (also 亦作 peperoni)  beef and pork sausage seasoned with pepper 牛肉(猪肉)辣香肠 [Italian peperone ‘chilli’]

pepper pot n.  1 Brit.  a small container with a perforated lid for sprinkling pepper [英]胡椒粉瓶 2  a W. Indian dish of meat etc. stewed with cayenne pepper (西印度群岛的)辣味炖锅

pepper shaker n. N. Amer. [北美]  = PEPPER POT 1 

pepperwort /ˈpepəwɜ:t/ n.  any cruciferous plant of the genus Lepidium, esp. garden cress 独行菜属十字花科植物(尤指独行菜)

peppery /ˈpep(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of, like, or containing much, pepper 胡椒的；包含(或像)辣椒的 2  hot-tempered 暴躁的；易怒的 3  pungent; stinging 辛辣的，尖刻的 □ pepperiness  n.  

pep pill n.  a pill containing a stimulant drug 兴奋药丸

peppy /ˈpepi/ adj. (peppier, peppiest) colloq.  vigorous, energetic, bouncy [口]精力充沛的，生气勃勃的，活跃的 □ peppily  adv.  □ peppiness  n.  

Pepsi-Cola /pepsiˈkəʊlə/ n. propr. [商标] (also 亦作 Pepsi)  a carbonated non-alcoholic drink 百事可乐(一种不含酒精的碳酸饮料) [arbitrary formation + COLA]

pepsin /ˈpepsin/ n.  a digestive enzyme contained in the gastric juice, which hydrolyses proteins under acid conditions (胃液中的)胃蛋白酶 [German, from Greek pepsis ‘digestion’]

pep talk n.  a usu. short talk intended to enthuse, encourage, etc. (通常指简短的)鼓动士气的讲话

peptic /ˈpeptik/ adj.  concerning or promoting digestion 有消化功能的，促进消化的 [Greek peptikos ‘able to digest’ (as PEPTONE)]

peptic gland n.  a gland secreting gastric juice 胃液腺

peptic ulcer n.  an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum caused by the action of pepsin and stomach acid 胃(或十二指肠)溃疡

peptide /ˈpeptaid/ n. Biochem.  a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in sequence 【生化】肽；缩氨酸 [German Peptid, back-formation from Polypeptid POLYPEPTIDE]

peptone /ˈpeptəʊn/ n.  a protein fragment formed by hydrolysis in the process of digestion (蛋白)胨 □ peptonize  /-tənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [German Pepton from Greek peptos, neut. pepton, ‘cooked’]

per /pɜ:/ prep.  1  for each; for every 每，每一  two sweets per child  一个小孩子两块糖 five miles per hour  每小时 5 英里 2  by means of; by; through 通过，经，由  per post  经邮寄 per rail  经铁路 3 (in full 全称 as per)  in accordance with 根据，按照  as per instructions  按照指示 4 Heraldry  in the direction of 【纹章学】依…的方向 □ as per usual  colloq.  as usual [口]照常，照旧；按惯例 [Latin]

per- /pɜ:, pə/ prefix  1  forming verbs, nouns, and adjectives meaning 构成动词、名词、形容词a  through; all over (perforate 穿孔 ; perforation 打眼 ; pervade 遍及) 通过，透过；全部b  completely; very (perfervid 非常热烈的 ; perturb 使混乱) 完全；非常c  to destruction; to the bad (perdition 毁灭 ; pervert 使堕落) 毁坏；变坏 2 Chem.  having the maximum of some element in combination esp. (尤指): 【化】高，过a  in the names of binary compounds in -ide (peroxide 过氧化物) 用在以 -ide 结尾的二元化合物名称中b  in the names of oxides, acids, etc. in -ic (perchloric 高氯的 ; permanganic 高锰的) 用在以 -ic 结尾的氧化物(酸等)名称中c  in the names of salts of these acids (perchlorate 高氯酸盐 ; permanganate 高锰酸盐) 用在与这些酸有关的盐的名称中 [Latin per- (as PER)]

peradventure /p(ə)rədˈventʃə, pɜ:r-/ adv. & n. archaic or joc. [古义] [贬] ●adv.  perhaps 或许，可能 ●n.  uncertainty; chance; conjecture; doubt (esp. 尤用于 beyond or without peradventure 毫无疑问) 不确定；偶然；推测；怀疑 [Middle English from Old French per or par auenture ‘by chance’ (as PER, ADVENTURE)]

perambulate /pəˈræmbjʊleit/ v.  1 tr.  walk through, over, or about (streets, the country, etc.) 走过，漫步于(街道、乡村等地) 2 intr.  walk from place to place 漫步，到处走 3 tr.  a  travel through and inspect (territory) 巡行；巡视(领地)b  formally establish the boundaries of (a parish etc.) by walking round them 巡行圈定(教区等的)界限 □ perambulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ perambulatory  adj.   [Latin perambulare perambulat- (as PER-, ambulare ‘walk’)]

perambulator /pəˈræmbjʊleitə/ n. Brit. [英] formal [正式]  = PRAM1  [PERAMBULATE]

per annum /pər ˈænəm/ adv.  for each year 每年 [Latin]

percale /pəˈkeil/ n.  a closely woven cotton fabric like calico 高级密织棉布，细棉布 [French, of uncertain origin]

per capita /pə ˈkæpitə/ adv. & adj. (also 亦作 per caput /ˈkæpʊt/)  for each person 每人(的)，人均(的) [Latin, = by heads]

perceive /pəˈsi:v/ v. tr.  1  apprehend, esp. through the sight; observe 理解，察觉(尤指通过视觉)；观察 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that, how, etc. + clause)  apprehend with the mind; understand 意识到，领悟 3  regard mentally in a specified manner 认为，把…看作  perceives the universe as infinite  认为宇宙是无边无际的 □ perceivable  adj.  □ perceiver  n.   [Middle English via Old French perçoivre from Latin percipere (as PER-, capere ‘take’)]

per cent /pə ˈsent/ adv. & n. (US [美] percent) ●adv.  in every hundred 百分之…地，每一百中有…地 ●n.  1  percentage 百分数 2  one part in every hundred 百分之…  half a per cent  0.5% 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  public securities yielding interest of so much per cent [英]利息…厘的证券  three per cents  3 厘息证券 [PER + CENT]

percentage /pəˈsentidʒ/ n.  1  a rate or proportion per cent 百分比，百分率 2  a proportion 比例 3 colloq.  personal benefit or advantage; probability of a successful outcome [口] (个人的)好处，利益；(成功的)可能性 often 常作 attrib.: played percentage shots  命中率 □ play the percentages  colloq.  play safely or methodically with regard to the odds in favour of success [口]按部就班、稳扎稳打地干

percentile /pəˈsentail/ n. Statistics  one of 99 values of a variable dividing a population into 100 equal groups as regards the value of that variable 【统计学】百分位数

percept /ˈpɜ:sept/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  an object of perception 知觉对象 2  a mental concept resulting from perceiving, esp. by sight (尤指通过视觉意识在脑海中形成的)概念，观念 [Latin perceptum ‘perceived’ (thing), neut. past part. of percipere PERCEIVE, on the pattern of concept]

perceptible /pəˈseptib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being perceived by the senses or intellect. 可感知的，可察觉的 □ perceptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ perceptibly  adv.   [Old French perceptible or Late Latin perceptibilis from Latin (as PERCEIVE)]

perception /pəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the faculty of perceiving 感觉；知觉b  an instance of this 感觉实例 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the intuitive recognition of a truth, aesthetic quality, etc. (对真理、审美等的)直觉b  an instance of this 直觉实例  a sudden perception of the true position  对真实处境的突然的直觉 3  an interpretation or impression based on one's understanding of something (基于理解之上的)解释，印象 4 Philos.  the ability of the mind to refer sensory information to an external object as its cause 【哲】感知能力 □ perceptional  adj.  □ perceptual  /pəˈseptjʊəl/ adj.  □ perceptually  /pəˈseptjʊəli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin perceptio (as PERCEIVE)]

perceptive /pəˈseptiv/ adj.  1  capable of perceiving 可感知的 2  sensitive; discerning; observant 敏感的；有辨别能力的；善于观察的  a perceptive remark  富有见地的评论 □ perceptively  adv.  □ perceptiveness  n.  □ perceptivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [medieval Latin perceptivus (as PERCEIVE)]

perch1 /pɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. horizontal bar, branch, etc. used by a bird to rest on (鸟的)栖木，栖枝(通常为水平的) 2  a usu. high or precarious place for a person or thing to rest on (位置高或不稳定的)休息处，歇脚处，放物处 3 esp. Brit. hist.  a measure of length, esp. for land, of 5(1/2) yards; also called pole (cf. 参见 ROD 6) [尤英史义]杆(尤指土地的长度单位，等于 5(1/2) 码) ●v. intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  settle or rest, or cause to settle or rest on or as if on a perch etc. (使)栖歇，(使)歇(于枝上或高处)  the bird perched on a branch  鸟栖歇在树枝上 a town perched on a hill  小镇座落在小山上 □ knock a person off his (or her) perch   1  vanquish, destroy 挫败，毁掉 2  make less confident or secure 杀威风 [Middle English via Old French perche, percher from Latin pertica ‘pole’]

perch2 /pɜ:tʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or perches)  any spiny-finned freshwater edible fish of the genus Perca, esp. P. fluviatilis of Europe 鲈；(尤指欧洲)河鲈 [Middle English via Old French perche and Latin perca from Greek perkē]

perchance /pəˈtʃɑ:ns/ adv. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1  by chance 偶然 2  possibly; maybe 可能，或许 [Middle English from Anglo-French par chance, from par ‘by’, CHANCE]

percher /ˈpɜ:tʃə/ n.  any bird with feet adapted for perching; a passerine (适于栖立的)栖木鸟；雀形目鸟

percheron /ˈpɜ:ʃ(ə)rɒn/ n.  a powerful breed of carthorse (挽力强的)佩尔什马 [French, originally bred in le Perche, a district of northern France]

perchlorate /pəˈklɔ:reit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of perchloric acid 【化】高氯酸盐(或酯)

perchloric acid /pəˈklɔ:rik/ n. Chem.  a fuming toxic liquid containing heptavalent chlorine, used as a strong oxidizing agent 【化】高氯酸 [PER- + CHLORINE]

percipient /pəˈsipiənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to perceive; conscious 能感知的，有知觉的 2  discerning; observant 有辨别能力的，善于洞察 ●n.  a person who perceives, esp. something outside the range of the senses 有感知力(尤指超感知力)的人 □ percipience  n.  □ percipiently  adv.   [Latin (as PERCEIVE)]

percolate /ˈpɜ:kəleit/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through)  a (of liquid etc.) filter or ooze gradually (esp. through a porous surface) (尤指体液等通过有孔表层)逐渐渗透，渗漏b (of an idea etc.) permeate gradually (思想等)逐渐传播，扩散 2 tr.  prepare (coffee) by repeatedly passing boiling water through ground beans 渗滤(咖啡) 3 tr.  ooze through; permeate 渗透过；弥漫于 4 tr.  strain (a liquid, powder, etc.) through a fine mesh etc. (通过细网等)使(液体、细粉等)渗滤，渗漏 □ percolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin percolare (as PER-, colare ‘strain’ from colum ‘strainer’)]

percolator /ˈpɜ:kəleitə/ n.  a machine for making coffee by circulating boiling water through ground beans 渗滤式咖啡壸

per contra /pɜ: ˈkɒntrə/ adv.  on the opposite side (of an account, assessment, etc.); on the other hand 根据对方账户(评估)；反之，另一方面 [Italian]

percuss /pəˈkʌs/ v. tr. Med.  tap (a part of the body) gently with a finger or an instrument as part of a diagnosis 【医】叩诊(用手指或仪器轻轻敲打身体的某个部位来辅助诊断) [Latin percutere percuss- ‘strike’ (as PER-, cutere = quatere ‘shake’)]

percussion /pəˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a (often 常作 attrib.)  the playing of music by striking instruments with sticks etc. (以打击乐器的方式)演奏  a percussion band  打击乐队b  the section of such instruments in an orchestra (管弦乐队的)打击乐器(组)  asked the percussion to stay behind  让打击乐器靠后 2 Med.  the act or an instance of percussing 【医】叩诊 3  the forcible striking of one esp. solid body against another (尤指两固体物之间的)撞击，敲击 □ percussionist  n.  □ percussive  adj.  □ percussively  adv.  □ percussiveness  n.   [French percussion or Latin percussio (as PERCUSS)]

percussion cap n.  a small amount of explosive powder contained in metal or paper and exploded by striking, used esp. in toy guns and formerly in some firearms (尤指用在玩具手枪及从前火器中的)雷管，火帽

percutaneous /pɜ:kjʊˈteiniəs/ adj. esp. Med.  made or done through the skin (尤)【医】经皮的，由皮的 [Latin per cutem ‘through the skin’]

Percy /ˈpɜ:si/   珀西 [人名]

per diem /pɜ: ˈdi:em, ˈdaiem/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv. & adj.  for each day 每日的(地)；按日计 ●n.  an allowance or payment for each day 每日酬金(津贴) [Latin]

perdition /pəˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  eternal death; damnation 永劫；永久的罚入地狱 [Middle English via Old French perdiciun or ecclesiastical Latin perditio from Latin perdere ‘destroy’ (as PER-, dere dit- = dare ‘give’)]

perdurable /pəˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj. formal  permanent; eternal; durable [正式]持久的，永久的；耐久的 □ perdurability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ perdurably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin perdurabilis (as PER-, DURABLE)]

peregrinate /ˈperiɡrineit/ v. intr. archaic or joc.  travel; journey, esp. extensively or at leisure [古义] [诙]旅行；(尤指)漫游，流浪 □ peregrination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ peregrinator  n.   [Latin peregrinari (as PEREGRINE)]

peregrine /ˈperiɡrin/ n. & adj. ●n. (in full 全称 peregrine falcon)  a powerful falcon, Falco peregrinus, breeding esp. on coastal cliffs and much used for falconry 游隼 ●adj. archaic  imported from abroad; foreign; outlandish [古义]异国的；外来的；异国风味的 [Latin peregrinus from peregre ‘abroad’, from per ‘through’ + ager ‘field’]

peremptory /pəˈrem(p)t(ə)ri, ˈperim-/ adj.  1 (of a statement or command) admitting no denial or refusal (声明或命令)不容否认的，不容拒绝的 2 (of a person, a person's manner, etc.) dogmatic; imperious; dictatorial (人、举止等)武断的；专横的；独断专行的 3 Law  not open to appeal or challenge; final 【法律】强制的；最后决定的 4  absolutely fixed; essential 绝对稳固的；必不可少的 □ peremptorily  adv.  □ peremptoriness  n.   [Anglo-French peremptorie, Old French peremptoire from Latin peremptorius ‘deadly, decisive’, from perimere perempt- ‘destroy, cut off’ (as PER-, emere ‘take, buy’)]

peremptory challenge n. Law  a defendant's objection to a proposed juror, made without needing to give a reason 【法律】(无须说明理由的)反对(某一陪审员参加陪审团)

perennial /pəˈreniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting through a year or several years 终年的，多年的 2 (of a plant) lasting several years (cf. 参见 ANNUAL adj. 3) (植物)多年生的 3  lasting a long time or for ever 长期的，持久的 4 (of a stream) flowing through all seasons of the year (小溪)常年流淌的 ●n.  a perennial plant 多年生植物  a herbaceous perennial  多年生草本植物 □ perenniality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ perennially  adv.   [Latin perennis (as PER-, annus ‘year’)]

perestroika /periˈstrɔikə/ n. (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system (前苏联经济政治体制)重建，改革(政策) [Russian perestroĭka = restructuring]

perfect adj., v. & n. ●adj. /ˈpɜ:fikt/  1  complete; not deficient 完全的；充足的 2  faultless 完美的，无瑕的  a perfect diamond  一粒完美无瑕的钻石 3  very satisfactory 非常令人满意的  a perfect evening  一个美妙的夜晚 4  exact; precise 准确的，精确的  a perfect circle  正圆 5  entire; unqualified 纯粹的，绝对的  a perfect stranger  完全陌生的人 6 Math. (of a number) equal to the sum of its divisors 【数】(数)完全的，完备的 7 Gram. (of a tense) denoting a completed action or event in the past, formed in English with have or has and the past participle, as in they have eaten 【语法】(时态)完成时的(如 they have eaten) 8 Mus. (of pitch) absolute 【音】(音高)绝对的；(音程)完全的，纯的 9 Bot. 【植】  a (of a flower) having all four types of whorl (花)雌雄(蕊)同花的b (of a fungus) in the stage where the sexual spores are formed (真菌) (有性孢子形成)阶段的 10 (often foll. by 常后跟 in) archaic  thoroughly trained or skilled [古义]熟练的；精通的  is perfect in geometry  精通几何学 ●v. tr. /pəˈfekt/  1  make perfect; improve 使完美；改善 2  carry through; complete 贯彻；完成 3  complete (a sheet) by printing the other side 双面印完(一页纸) ●n. /ˈpɜ:fikt/ Gram.  the perfect tense 【语法】完成时 □ perfecter  /ˈpɜ:fektə/ n.  □ perfectible  /pəˈfektib(ə)l/ adj.  □ perfectibility  /pəˌfektiˈbiliti/ n.  □ perfectness  n.   [Middle English and Old French parfit, perfet from Latin perfectus, past part. of perficere ‘complete’ (as PER-, facere ‘do’)]

perfecta /pəˈfektə/ n. US  a form of betting in which the first two places in a race must be predicted in the correct order [美]正序连赢(预先把比赛中第一和第二名的顺序排定的一种下赌注法) [Latin American Spanish quiniela perfecta ‘perfect quinella’]

perfect binding n.  a form of bookbinding in which the leaves are attached to the spine by gluing rather than sewing 无线装订，无线胶订

perfect interval n. Mus.  a fourth or fifth as it would occur in a major or minor scale starting on the lower note of the interval, or octave 【音】完全音程

perfection /pəˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or process of making perfect 完善；完善的过程 2  the state of being perfect; faultlessness, excellence 完美，无瑕，卓越 3  a perfect person, thing, or example 完美的人(物或典型) 4  an accomplishment 完成 5  full development; completion 全面发展；完满 □ to perfection   exactly; completely 完美地；完全地 [Middle English via Old French from Latin perfectio -onis (as PERFECT)]

perfectionism /pəˈfekʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the uncompromising pursuit of excellence 十全十美主义 2 Philos.  the belief that religious or moral perfection is attainable 【哲】至善论(认为宗教、道德上可以达到完美境界的信仰) □ perfectionist  n. & adj.   [PERFECTION]

perfective /pəˈfektiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of an aspect of a verb etc.) expressing the completion of an action (opp. 反义 IMPERFECTIVE) (动词等的体)完成(体)的 ●n.  the perfective aspect or form of a verb (动词的)完成体；完成式 [medieval Latin perfectivus (as PERFECT)]

perfectly /ˈpɜ:fik(t)li/ adv.  1  completely; absolutely 完全地，绝对地  I understand you perfectly  我完全理解你 2  quite, completely 十分；全面地  is perfectly capable of doing it  完全能够胜任 3  in a perfect way 完美地

perfecto /pəˈfektəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) orig. US  a large thick cigar pointed at each end [源于美] (两头尖的)雪茄烟 [Spanish, = perfect]

perfect pitch n.  = ABSOLUTE PITCH 1 

perfect square n.  = SQUARE NUMBER 

perfervid /pəˈfɜ:vid/ adj. literary  very fervid [文学用语]极其热情的 □ perfervidly  adv.  □ perfervidness  n.   [modern Latin perfervidus (as PER-, FERVID)]

perfidy /ˈpɜ:fidi/ n.  breach of faith; treachery 背信弃义；叛变 □ perfidious  /-ˈfidiəs/ adj.  □ perfidiously  /-ˈfidiəsli/ adv.   [Latin perfidia from perfidus ‘treacherous’ (as PER-, fidus from fides ‘faith’)]

perfin /ˈpɜ:fin/ n.  a postage stamp perforated with the initials or insignia of an organization (打有公司名称首字母或标志孔眼的)邮票 [perforated initials]

perfoliate /pəˈfəʊliət/ adj. (of a plant) having the stalk apparently passing through the leaf (植物)茎穿叶的 [modern Latin perfoliatus (as PER-, FOLIATE)]

perforate v. & adj. ●v. /ˈpɜ:fəreit/  1 tr.  make a hole or holes through; pierce 在…上穿孔(或打眼)；刺穿 2 tr.  make a row of small holes in (paper etc.) so that a part may be torn off easily 在(纸等)上排孔(使之易被撕开) 3 tr.  make an opening into; pass into or extend through 凿眼穿透；进入(或穿过) 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, through, etc.)  penetrate 贯穿，刺穿 ●adj. /ˈpɜ:-f(ə)rət/  perforated 穿孔的；有齿孔的 □ perforation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ perforative  /ˈpɜ:f(ə)rətiv/ adj.  □ perforator  /ˈpɜ:fəreitə/ n.   [Latin perforare (as PER-, forare ‘pierce’)]

perforce /pəˈfɔ:s/ adv. archaic  unavoidably; necessarily [古义]不能避免地，必需地 [Middle English from Old French par force ‘by FORCE1’]

perform /pəˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  carry into effect; be the agent of; do (a command, promise, task, etc.) 实行，执行，执行(命令)，履行(诺言)，做(工作)等 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  go through, execute (a public function, play, piece of music, etc.) 履行；完成(公共职责、戏剧、乐曲等) 3 intr.  act in a play; play music, sing, etc. 演出(戏剧)，演奏(音乐等)，唱歌  likes performing  喜欢表演 4 intr. (of a trained animal) execute tricks etc. at a public show (受过训练的动物在公共演出中)表演把戏等 5 intr.  function, esp. satisfactorily (尤指令人满意地)运行，行使功能  the car performs well at speed  这辆车高速运行性能良好 6 intr. (of an investment) yield a return, esp. a profit (投资)产生回报(尤指赢利) 7 intr. slang  have sexual intercourse (esp. satisfactorily) [俚语] (尤指满意地)性交 □ performable  adj.  □ performability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ performatory  adj. & n. (pl. -ies)  □ performer  n.  □ performing  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French parfourmer from Old French parfournir (assimilated to forme FORM), from par PER- + fournir FURNISH]

performance /pəˈfɔ:m(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a  the act or process of performing or carrying out 执行；执行过程；履行b  the execution or fulfilment (of a duty etc.) 施行，完成(职责等) 2  a staging or production (of a drama, piece of music, etc.) (戏剧、音乐作品等的)演出，制作  the afternoon performance  午场演出 3  a person's achievement under test conditions etc. (一个人在测验情况下的)成就，功绩  put up a good performance  表现出良好的成绩 4 colloq.  a fuss; a scene; a public exhibition [口]大惊小怪；吵闹；做样子  made such a performance about leaving  摆出要离开的架势 5  a  the capabilities of a machine, esp. a car or aircraft (尤指汽车、飞机的)性能b (作 attrib.)  of high capability 良好的性能  a performance car  一辆性能好的汽车 6  the return on an investment, esp. in stocks and shares etc. (尤指投资证券、股票等的)回报

performance art n.  a kind of visual art in which the activity of the artist forms a central feature 表演艺术 □ performance artist  n.  

performative /pəˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to performance 涉及行动作为的；与行动作为有关联的 2  denoting an utterance that effects an action by being spoken or written (e.g. I bet, I apologize) 行动性声明的(如：我打赌，我认错) ●n.  a performative utterance 行动性声明

performing arts /pəˈfɔ:miŋ/ n. pl.  the arts, such as drama, music, and dance, that require performance for their realization 表演艺术，舞台艺术(如：戏剧、音乐及舞蹈艺术)

perfume /ˈpɜ:fju:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sweet smell 香气；芳香，香味 2  fluid containing the essence of flowers etc.; scent 香水 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 pəˈfju:m/ (usu. as 通常作 perfumed adj.)  impart a sweet scent to; impregnate with a sweet smell 洒香水于；使…带香味 □ perfumy  adj.   [originally of smoke from a burning substance: French parfum, parfumer from obsolete Italian parfumare, perfumare (as PER-, fumare ‘smoke, FUME’)]

perfumer /pəˈfju:mə/ n.  a maker or seller of perfumes 香水制造商；香水销售商 □ perfumery  n. (pl. -ies)  

perfunctory /pəˈfʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri/ adj.  1  done merely for the sake of getting through a duty 敷衍的；马虎的 2  superficial; mechanical 表面的；机械的 □ perfunctorily  adv.  □ perfunctoriness  n.   [Late Latin perfunctorius ‘careless’ from Latin perfungi perfunct- (as PER-, fungi ‘perform’)]

perfuse /pəˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  besprinkle (with water etc.) 用(水等)洒满，使(水等)布满b  cover or suffuse (with radiance etc.) 撒满，使(光线等)充满 2  pour or diffuse (water etc.) through or over 倾倒；使(水等)扩散 3 Med.  cause a fluid to pass through (an organ etc.) 【医】灌注(器官等) □ perfusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ perfusive  /-siv/ adj.   [Latin perfundere perfus- (as PER-, fundere ‘pour’)]

pergana var.  of PARGANA  PARGANA 的变体

pergola /ˈpɜ:ɡələ/ n.  an arbour or covered walk, formed of growing plants trained over trellis-work (藤本植物的)藤架，棚架；(藤架等底下的)小径 [Italian from Latin pergula ‘projecting roof’, from pergere ‘proceed’]

pergunnah var.  of PARGANA  PARGANA 的变体

perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv.  1  it may be; possibly 或许；可能  perhaps it is lost  可能丢失了 2  introducing a polite request 用于表示礼貌的请求  perhaps you would open the window?  是否可以请您打开窗子？ [PER + HAP]

peri /ˈpiəri/ n. (pl. peris)  1 (in Persian mythology) a fairy; a good (originally evil) genius (波斯神话中的)仙子，(原指邪恶的)小精灵 2  a beautiful or graceful being 窈窕淑女 [Persian pɑˉrī]

peri- /ˈperi/ prefix  1  round, about 周围，围绕 2 Astron.  the point nearest to (perigee 近地点 ; perihelion 近日点) 【天】近，最近点 [Greek peri ‘around, about’]

perianth /ˈperiænθ/ n.  the outer part of a flower 花被 [French périanthe from modern Latin perianthium (as PERI- + Greek anthos ‘flower’)]

periapt /ˈperiæpt/ n.  a thing worn as a charm; an amulet 护身符 [French périapte from Greek periapton (as PERI-, haptō ‘fasten’)]

pericardium /periˈkɑ:diəm/ n. (pl. pericardia /-diə/)  the membranous sac enclosing the heart 心包膜 □ pericardiac  /-diæk/ adj.  □ pericardial  adj.  □ pericarditis  /-ˈdaitis/ n.   [modern Latin from Greek perikardion (as PERI- + kardia ‘heart’)]

pericarp /ˈperikɑ:p/ n.  the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary 果皮 [French péricarpe from Greek perikarpion ‘pod, shell’ (as PERI-, karpos ‘fruit’)]

perichondrium /periˈkɒndriəm/ n.  the membrane enveloping cartilage tissue (except at the joints) (不包括关节部位的)软骨膜 [PERI- + Greek khondros ‘cartilage’]

periclase /ˈperikleiz, -s/ n.  a pale mineral consisting of magnesia 方镁石 [modern Latin periclasia, erroneously from Greek peri ‘exceedingly’ + klasis ‘breaking’, from its perfect cleavage]

periclinal /periˈklain(ə)l/ adj. Geol. (of a mound etc.) sloping down in all directions from a central point 【地质】(小丘等)穹状的 [Greek periklinēs ‘sloping on all sides’ (as PERI-, CLINE)]

pericope /pəˈrikəpi/ n.  a short passage or paragraph, esp. a portion of Scripture read in public worship 短文，章节(尤指礼拜时选读的经文) [Late Latin from Greek perikopē (as PERI-, kopē ‘cutting’ from koptō ‘cut’)]

pericranium /periˈkreiniəm/ n.  the membrane enveloping the skull 颅骨膜 [modern Latin from Greek (as PERI-, kranion ‘skull’)]

peridot /ˈperidɒt/ n.  a green variety of olivine, used esp. as a semi-precious stone (尤指用作宝石的)贵橄榄石 [Middle English from Old French peritot, of unknown origin]

perigee /ˈperidʒi:/ n.  the point in a body's orbit at which it is nearest the earth (opp. 反义 APOGEE 1) (天体运行轨道的)近地点 □ perigean  /periˈdʒi:ən/ adj.   [French périgée via modern Latin from Greek perigeion ‘round the earth’ (as PERI-, gē ‘earth’)]

periglacial /periˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj.  of or characteristic of a region adjoining a glacier or ice sheet 冰(川边)缘的

perigynous /pəˈridʒinəs/ adj. (of stamens) situated around the pistil or ovary (雄蕊)子房周位的 [modern Latin perigynus (as PERI-, -GYNOUS)]

perihelion /periˈhi:liən/ n. (pl. perihelia /-liə/)  the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc. at which it is closest to the sun (opp. 反义 APHELION) 近日点(行星、彗星等轨道上距太阳最近的点) [Graecized from modern Latin perihelium (as PERI-, Greek hēlios ‘sun’)]

peril /ˈperil, -r(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  serious and immediate danger (严重的)危险 ●v. tr. (perilled, perilling; US [美] periled, periling)  threaten; endanger 威胁；使有危险 □ at one's peril   at one's own risk (告诫某人)自担风险□ in peril of   with great risk to 有…的危险  in peril of your life  你有生命危险 [Middle English via Old French from Latin peric(u)lum]

perilous /ˈperiləs/ adj.  1  full of risk; dangerous; hazardous (充满)多险的，危险的，冒险的 2  exposed to imminent risk of destruction etc. 濒临毁灭的 □ perilously  adv.  □ perilousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French perillous from Latin periculosus, from periculum PERIL]

perilune /ˈperilu:n, -lju:n/ n.  the point in a body's lunar orbit at which it is closest to the moon (opp. 反义 APOLUNE) 近月点 [PERI- + Latin luna ‘moon’, on the pattern of perigee]

perilymph /ˈperilimf/ n.  the fluid in the labyrinth of the ear 外淋巴

perimeter /pəˈrimitə/ n.  1  a  the circumference or outline of a closed figure (一个封闭图形的)周边，边线b  the length of this 周长 2  a  the outer boundary of an enclosed area (一封闭区域的)外部边界b  a defended boundary 防御边界 3  an instrument for measuring a field of vision 视野计 □ perimetric  /periˈmetrik/ adj.   [French périmètre, or via Latin perimetrus from Greek perimetros (as PERI-, metros from metron ‘measure’)]

perinatal /periˈneit(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the time immediately before and after birth 围产期的；与围产期相关的

perineum /periˈni:əm/ n.  the region of the body between the anus and the scrotum or vulva 会阴 □ perineal  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek perinaion]

period /ˈpiəriəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a length or portion of time 一段时间；时期  showers and bright periods  阵雨间晴 2  a distinct portion of history, a person's life, etc. (历史的特定)阶段；人的一生，等等  the Georgian period  乔治王朝时期 Picasso's Blue Period  毕加索蓝色时期 3 Geol.  a time forming part of a geological era 【地质】纪  the Quaternary period  第四纪 4  a  an interval between recurrences of an astronomical or other phenomenon (天文或其他两个连续出现的现象之间的)间隔b  the time taken by a planet etc. to rotate about its axis (行星等的自转)周期c  the time taken by a planet or satellite to make one circuit of its orbit (行星或卫星的公转)周期 5  the time allowed for a lesson in school 学时，课时 6  an occurrence of menstruation 月经期 7  a  a complete sentence, esp. one consisting of several clauses 完整句(尤指含若干从句的句子)b (in pl. 用复数)  rhetorical language 辞藻华丽的语言 8 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  = FULL STOP 1 b  used at the end of a sentence etc. to indicate finality, absoluteness, etc. (用在句尾等，表明已讲完或坚决不改变等)其他没什么好讲了，就是这么回事  we want the best, period  我们想要最好的，就是这样 9  a  a set of figures marked off in a large number to assist in reading (大数字中划分的方便阅读的)数字组b  a set of figures repeated in a recurring decimal 循环小数c  the smallest interval over which a function takes the same value 函数周期 10 Chem.  a sequence of elements between two noble gases forming a row in the periodic table 【化】元素周期 ●adj.  belonging to or characteristic of some past period 属于某一时代的；具有某一时代特点的  period furniture  老式家具 [Middle English via Old French periode and Latin periodus from Greek periodos ‘orbit, recurrence, course’ (as PERI-, odos = hodos ‘way’)]

periodate /pəˈraiədeit/ n. Chem.  a salt or ester of periodic acid 【化】高碘酸盐(或酯)

periodic /piəriˈɒdik/ adj.  1  appearing or occurring at esp. regular intervals 周期的，(尤指)定期的 2  of or concerning the period of a celestial body (有关)天体周期的  periodic motion  天体周期运动 3 (of diction etc.) expressed in periods (see 见 PERIOD n. 7a) (措词等)完整句的 □ periodicity  /-riəˈdisiti/ n.   [French périodique or Latin periodicus from Greek periodikos (as PERIOD)]

periodic acid /pɜ:raiˈɒdik/ n. Chem.  a hygroscopic solid acid containing heptavalent iodine 【化】高碘酸 [PER- + IODINE]

periodical /piəriˈɒdik(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a newspaper, magazine, etc. issued at regular intervals, usu. monthly or weekly (定期出版的)期刊，杂志(通常指月刊和周刊) ●adj.  1  published at regular intervals 定期出版的 2  periodic, occasional 周期的；偶尔发生的 □ periodically  adv.  

periodic decimal n. Math.  a set of figures repeated in a recurring decimal 【数】循环小数

periodic function n. Math.  a function returning to the same value at regular intervals 【数】周期函数

periodic table n.  a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usu. in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns 元素周期表

periodization /ˌpiəriədaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  the division of history into periods (历史的)时期(或时代)划分

periodontics /periəˈdɒntiks/ n.  the branch of dentistry concerned with the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth 牙周病学 □ periodontal  adj.  □ periodontist  n.   [PERI- + Greek odous odont- ‘tooth’]

periodontology /ˌperiədɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  = PERIODONTICS 

period piece n.  an object or work whose main interest lies in its historical etc. associations (能够代表某一时代特征的)文物，作品

perioperative /periˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj. Med.  occurring or performed around the time of an operation 【医】手术前后的

periosteum /periˈɒstiəm/ n. (pl. periostea /-tiə/)  a membrane enveloping the bones where no cartilage is present 骨膜 □ periosteal  adj.  □ periostitis  /-ˈstaitis/ n.  骨膜炎 [modern Latin from Greek periosteon (as PERI-, osteon ‘bone’)]

peripatetic /ˌperipəˈtetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a teacher) working in more than one school or college etc. (教师在多所学校)兼课的 2  going from place to place; itinerant 到处走的，巡回的 3 (Peripatetic)  Aristotelian (from Aristotle's habit of walking in the Lyceum while teaching) 亚里士多德学派的，逍遥学派的(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在莱森学园漫步讲学而得名) ●n.  a peripatetic person, esp. a teacher 兼职者(尤指教师) □ peripatetically  adv.  □ peripateticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Middle English via Old French peripatetique or Latin peripateticus from Greek peripatētikos, from peripateō (as PERI-, pateō ‘walk’)]

peripeteia /ˌperipiˈtaiə, -ˈti:ə/ n.  a sudden change of fortune in a drama or in life (在戏剧或生活中)命运的突变 [Greek (as PERI-, pet- from piptō ‘fall’)]

peripheral /pəˈrif(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of minor importance; marginal 次要的，边缘的 2  of the periphery; on the fringe 周围的，周边的 3 Anat.  near the surface of the body, with special reference to the circulation and nervous system 【解】体表的(特指循环和神经系统) 4 (of equipment) used with a computer etc. but not an integral part of it (与计算机等一起使用，但不属于其主要部分的)外部的，辅助的 ●n. Computing  a peripheral device or piece of equipment 【计算】外部设备 □ peripherality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ peripherally  adv.  

peripheral nervous system n. Anat.  the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord 【解】周围神经系统

periphery /pəˈrif(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the boundary of an area or surface (某区域或表面的)边界 2  an outer or surrounding region 外围地区，周围地区  built on the periphery of the old town  在老城郊区建设 [Late Latin peripheria from Greek periphereia ‘circumference’ (as PERI-, phereia from phero ‘bear’)]

periphrasis /pəˈrifrəsis/ n. (pl. periphrases /-si:z/)  1  a roundabout way of speaking; circumlocution 迂回，婉转曲折的陈述 2  a roundabout phrase 迂回语，婉曲修辞 [Latin from Greek, from periphrazō (as PERI-, phrazō ‘declare’)]

periphrastic /periˈfræstik/ adj.  1  of or involving periphrasis 迂回的；婉转曲折的 2 Gram. (of a case, tense, etc.) formed by combination of words rather than by inflection (e.g. did go, of the people rather than went, the people's) 【语法】(格、时态等)迂说法的(如说 did go, of the people 而不说 went, the people's) □ periphrastically  adv.   [Greek periphrastikos (as PERIPHRASIS)]

peripteral /pəˈript(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. (of a temple) surrounded by a single row of columns (庙宇等)有单排圆柱环绕的 [Greek peripteron (as PERI-, Greek pteron ‘wing’)]

periscope /ˈperiskəʊp/ n.  an apparatus with a tube and mirrors or prisms, by which an observer in a trench, submerged submarine, or at the rear of a crowd etc., can see things otherwise out of sight 潜望镜

periscopic /periˈskɒpik/ adj.  of a periscope 潜望镜的 □ periscopically  adv.  

periscopic lens n.  a lens allowing distinct vision over a wide angle 广角镜，大角度的镜头

perish /ˈperiʃ/ v.  1 intr.  be destroyed; suffer death or ruin 摧毁；死亡，毁灭 2  a intr. (esp. of rubber, a rubber object, etc.) lose its normal qualities; deteriorate, rot (尤指橡胶、橡胶制品等)失去弹性；老化，腐败b tr. Brit.  cause to rot or deteriorate [英]使腐烂，变质 3 tr. (in passive 用被动) Brit.  suffer from cold or exposure [英]使挨冻，使暴露  we were perished standing outside  站在外面我们冻坏了 □ perish the thought   an exclamation of horror against an unwelcome idea (对一种不受欢迎想法的恐惧和抗议)但愿别这样；死了心吧□ perishless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French perir from Latin perire ‘pass away’ (as PER-, ire ‘go’)]

perishable /ˈperiʃəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  liable to perish; subject to decay 易毁坏的，易腐烂的 ●n.  a thing, esp. a foodstuff, subject to speedy decay 容易腐败的东西(尤指食物) □ perishability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ perishableness  n.  

perisher /ˈperiʃə/ n. Brit. slang  an annoying person [英] [俚语]讨厌鬼，混蛋

perishing /ˈperiʃiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●adj.  1  confounded 讨厌的 2  freezing cold, extremely chilly 极冷的，冷得要命的 ●adv.  confoundedly 十分，非常；讨厌地 □ perishingly  adv.  

perisperm /ˈperispɜ:m/ n.  a mass of nutritive material outside the embryo-sac in some seeds 外胚乳 [PERI- + Greek sperma ‘seed’]

perissodactyl /pərisə(ʊ)ˈdæktil/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  of or relating to the order Perissodactyla of ungulate mammals with one main central toe, or a single toe, on each foot, including horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs 奇蹄的；奇蹄目的 ●n.  an animal of this order 奇蹄类动物 [modern Latin Perissodactyla, from Greek perissos ‘uneven’ + daktulos ‘finger, toe’]

peristalsis /periˈstælsis/ n.  an involuntary muscular wavelike movement by which the contents of the alimentary canal etc. are propelled along (肠壁的)蠕动 □ peristaltic  adj.  □ peristaltically  adv.   [modern Latin, from Greek peristellō ‘wrap around’ (as PERI-, stellō ‘place’)]

peristome /ˈperistəʊm/ n.  1 Bot.  a fringe of small projections around the mouth of a capsule in mosses and certain fungi 【植】(藓类、某些菌类)孢蒴齿 2 Zool.  the parts surrounding the mouth of various invertebrates 【动】(无脊椎动物的)口缘 [modern Latin peristoma, from PERI- + Greek stoma ‘mouth’]

peristyle /ˈperistail/ n.  a row of columns surrounding a temple, court, cloister, etc.; a space surrounded by columns (庙宇、庭院、修道院等周围的)列柱；列柱中庭 [French péristyle via Latin peristylum from Greek peristulon (as PERI-, stulos ‘pillar’)]

peritoneum /ˌperitəˈni:əm/ n. (pl. peritoneums or peritonea /-ˈni:ə/)  the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen 腹膜 □ peritoneal  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek peritonaion (as PERI-, tonaion from -tonos ‘stretched’)]

peritonitis /ˌperitəˈnaitis/ n.  an inflammatory disease of the peritoneum 腹膜炎

periwig /ˈperiwiɡ/ n. esp. hist.  a wig [尤史义]假发 □ periwigged  adj.   [alteration of PERUKE, with -wi- for French -u- sound]

periwinkle1 /ˈperiwiŋk(ə)l/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Vinca, esp. an evergreen trailing plant with blue or white flowers (尤指开兰、白花的)小蔓长春花；长春花 2  a tropical shrub, Catharanthus roseus, native to Madagascar (产于马达加斯加的) (热带)长春花灌木 [Middle English via Anglo-French pervenke, Old French pervenche from Late Latin pervinca, assimilated to PERIWINKLE2]

periwinkle2 /ˈperiwiŋk(ə)l/ n.  = WINKLE  [16th c.: origin unknown]

perjure /ˈpɜ:dʒə/ v. refl. Law 【法律】  1  wilfully tell an untruth when on oath 发假誓，作伪证 2 (as 作 perjured adj.)  guilty of or involving perjury 发假誓的，作伪证的 □ perjurer  n.   [Middle English via Old French parjurer from Latin perjurare (as PER-, jurare ‘swear’)]

perjury /ˈpɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Law 【法律】  1  a breach of an oath, esp. the act of wilfully telling an untruth when on oath (法庭上做的)假誓，伪证 2  the practice of this 发假誓，作伪证 □ perjurious  /-ˈdʒʊəriəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French perjurie and Old French parjurie from Latin perjurium (as PERJURE)]

perk1 /pɜ:k/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  raise (one's head etc.) briskly (敏捷地)抬起(头等) ●adj.  perky; pert 自信的；鲁莽的 □ perk up   1  recover confidence, courage, life, or zest 恢复自信(勇气、生活或热情) 2  restore confidence or courage or liveliness in (esp. another person) (尤指使别人)恢复自信(勇气或活力) 3  smarten up 使漂亮；打扮，修饰 [Middle English, perhaps from a variant of PERCH1]

perk2 /pɜ:k/ n. colloq.  a perquisite [口]特权；外快；津贴 [abbreviation]

perk3 /pɜ:k/ v. colloq. [口]  1 intr. (of coffee) percolate, make a bubbling sound in the percolator (咖啡在渗滤式咖啡壶中)过滤，滤煮 2 tr.  percolate (coffee) 滤煮(咖啡) [abbreviation of PERCOLATE]

perky /ˈpɜ:ki/ adj. (perkier, perkiest)  1  self-assertive; saucy; pert 自信的；莽撞的；傲慢的 2  lively; cheerful 生气勃勃的；兴高采烈的 □ perkily  adv.  □ perkiness  n.  

perlite /ˈpɜ:lait/ n. (also 亦作 pearlite)  a glassy type of vermiculite, expandable to a solid form by heating, used for insulation etc. 珍珠岩(用于绝热材料) [French from perle ‘pearl’]

perm1 /pɜ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  a permanent wave 烫发，烫出的波浪发型 ●v. tr.  give a permanent wave to (a person or a person's hair) 给(某人)烫发；把(头发)烫成波浪型 [abbreviation]

perm2 /pɜ:m/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  a permutation 排列；置换 ●v. tr.  make a permutation of (使)排列；(使)置换 [abbreviation]

permaculture /ˈpɜ:məkʌltʃə/ n.  the development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be complete and self-sustaining (发展农业生态系统旨在进行)不休闲耕作 [PERMANENT + AGRICULTURE]

permafrost /ˈpɜ:məfrɒst/ n.  subsoil which remains below freezing point throughout the year, as in polar regions 永久冻土层 [PERMANENT + FROST]

permalloy /ˈpɜ:məlɔi/ n.  an alloy of nickel and iron that is easily magnetized and demagnetized 镍铁导磁(坡莫)合金 [PERMEABLE + ALLOY]

permanent /ˈpɜ:m(ə)nənt/ adj.  lasting, or intended to last or function, indefinitely (opp. 反义 TEMPORARY) 永久(性)的，永恒的 □ permanence  n.  □ permanency  n.  □ permanentize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ permanently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French permanent or Latin permanēre (as PER-, manēre ‘remain’)]

permanent hardness n.  hardness of water which is not removed by boiling 永久硬度

permanent magnet n.  a magnet retaining its magnetic properties in the absence of an inducing field or current 永磁体

Permanent Secretary n. Brit.  a senior civil servant, usu. a permanent adviser to a minister [英]终身大臣(资深文职官员，通常终身作为首相顾问)

permanent set n.  1  the irreversible deformation of a substance after being subjected to stress 永久变形 2  the amount of this 永久变形量

permanent tooth n.  a tooth succeeding a milk tooth in a mammal, and lasting most of the mammal's life 恒牙

Permanent Under-Secretary n. Brit. [英]  1  a senior permanent adviser to a Secretary of State 终身次长(终身为国务大臣的资深顾问) 2  a senior civil servant below the rank of Permanent Secretary, usu. the head of a division within a department of state 资深文职官员(地位仅次于终身大臣，通常为司的首领)

permanent wave n.  an artificial wave in the hair, intended to last for some time 烫出的波浪发型

permanent way n. Brit.  the finished roadbed of a railway [英] (已完成的铁道)路基

permanganate /pəˈmæŋɡənət, -eit/ n. Chem.  any salt of permanganic acid, esp. potassium permanganate 【化】高锰酸盐(尤指高锰酸钾)

permanganic acid /pɜ:mæŋˈɡænik/ n. Chem.  an acid containing heptavalent manganese 【化】高锰酸 [PER- + MANGANIC: see MANGANESE]

permeability /pɜ:miəˈbiliti/ n.  1  the state or quality of being permeable 渗透；渗透性 2  a quantity measuring the influence of a substance on the magnetic flux in the region it occupies 磁导率

permeable /ˈpɜ:miəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being permeated 能渗透的；可透过的 [Latin permeabilis (as PERMEATE)]

permeate /ˈpɜ:mieit/ v.  1 tr.  penetrate throughout; pervade; saturate 渗透；弥漫；使充满 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through, among, etc.)  diffuse itself 散布，传播 □ permeance  n.  □ permeant  adj.  □ permeation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ permeator  n.   [Latin permeare permeat- (as PER-, meare ‘pass, go’)]

permethrin /pəˈmi:θrin/ n.  a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide, esp. against disease-carrying insects 苄氯菊酯(用作杀虫剂) [from PER- + -m- + PYRETHRIN]

Permian /ˈpɜ:miən/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the last period of the Palaeozoic era with evidence of the development of reptiles and amphibians, and deposits of sandstone 二叠纪的 ●n.  this period or system 二叠纪；二叠系 [Perm, a province in Russia, from the extensive development of such strata there]

per mille /pɜ: ˈmili/ adv. (also 亦作 per mil /mil/)  in every thousand 每千 [Latin]

permissible /pəˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  allowable 允许的，准许的 □ permissibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ permissibly  adv.   [Middle English from French, or from medieval Latin permissibilis (as PERMIT)]

permission /pəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  consent; authorization 同意，准许 [Middle English from Old French, or from Latin permissio (as PERMIT)]

permissive /pəˈmisiv/ adj.  1  tolerant; liberal, esp. in sexual matters 宽容的；放纵的(尤指房事)  the permissive society  性开放的社会 2  giving permission 给予许可的 □ permissively  adv.  □ permissiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French (-if -ive) or medieval Latin permissivus (as PERMIT)]

permissive legislation n.  legislation giving powers but not enjoining their use 非约束性立法

permit v. & n. ●v. /pəˈmit/ (permitted, permitting)  1 tr.  give permission or consent to; authorize 许可，同意；拟准  permit me to say  容我说一下 2  a tr.  allow; give an opportunity to 允许，给予机会  permit the traffic to flow again  重新允许车辆通行b intr.  give an opportunity 给以机会  circumstances permitting  情况允许的话 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  admit; allow for 认可，容许，允许 ●n. /ˈpɜ:mit/  1  a  a document giving permission to act in a specified way 许可证  was granted a work permit  给予工作许可证b  a document etc. which allows entry into a specified zone 通行证 2 formal  permission [正式]许可 □ permittee  /pɜ:miˈti:/ n.  □ permitter  n.   [Latin permittere (as PER-, mittere miss- ‘let go’)]

permittivity /pɜ:miˈtiviti/ n. Electr.  a quantity measuring the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field 【电】介电常数；电容率

permutate /ˈpɜ:mjʊteit/ v. tr.  change the order or arrangement of 更动，置换(顺序或安排) [as PERMUTE, or back-formation from PERMUTATION]

permutation /pɜ:mjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an ordered arrangement or grouping of a set of numbers, items, etc. (一组数字、项目等的按序的)排列b  any one of the range of possible groupings 排列 2  any combination or selection of a specified number of things from a larger group, esp. Brit. matches in a football pool [尤英] (指足球普尔赌博中的)选定组合 □ permutational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, or from Latin permutatio (as PERMUTE)]

permute /pəˈmju:t/ v. tr.  alter the sequence or arrangement of 改变…的次序，重新排列 [Middle English from Latin permutare (as PER-, mutare ‘change’)]

Permutit /ˈpɜ:mjʊtit/ n. propr.  an artificial zeolite used as an ion exchanger esp. for the softening of water [商标]人造沸石，佩姆蒂特沸石(离子交换剂，尤用来软化水质) [German, from Latin permutare (as PERMUTE)]

pernicious /pəˈniʃəs/ adj.  destructive; ruinous; fatal 破坏性的，毁灭的，致命的 □ perniciously  adv.  □ perniciousness  n.   [Latin perniciosus, via pernicies ‘ruin’ from nex necis ‘death’]

pernicious anaemia n.  a defective formation of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid (因缺乏维他命 B12 或叶酸而引起的)恶性贫血

pernickety /pəˈnikiti/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  fastidious 爱挑剔的，吹毛求疵的 2  precise or over-precise (过分)精细的 3  requiring tact or careful handling 难对付的；需要小心对待的 [19th-c. Scots: origin unknown]

pernoctate /ˈpɜ:nɒkteit, pəˈnɒkteit/ v. intr. formal  pass or spend the night [正式]守夜，熬夜 □ pernoctation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin pernoctatio from Latin pernoctare pernoctat- (as PER-, noctare from nox noctis ‘night’)]

Pernod /ˈpɜ:nəʊ/ n. propr.  an aniseed-flavoured aperitif [商标] (法国)佩诺茴香酒(开胃酒) [Pernod Fils, the manufacturing firm]

peroneal /perə(ʊ)ˈni:əl/ adj. Anat.  relating to or near the fibula 【解】腓骨的；腓侧的；与腓骨有关联的 [modern Latin peronaeus ‘peroneal muscle’, from perone ‘fibula’, from Greek peronē ‘pin, fibula’]

perorate /ˈperəreit/ v. intr.  1  sum up and conclude a speech (讲话时)总结；致结束语 2  speak at length 冗长地演讲 [Latin perorare perorat- (as PER-, orare ‘speak’)]

peroration /perəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the concluding part of a speech, forcefully summing up what has been said (讲话时的)结束部分，结束语，结论

peroxidase /pəˈrɒksideiz/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of enzymes which catalyse the oxidation of a substrate by hydrogen peroxide 【生化】过氧化酶

peroxide /pəˈrɒksaid/ n. & v. ●n. Chem. 【化】  1  a  = HYDROGEN PEROXIDE b (often 常作 attrib.)  a solution of hydrogen peroxide used to bleach the hair or as an antiseptic (用作漂发剂及消毒剂的)过氧化物溶剂 2  a compound of oxygen with another element containing the greatest possible proportion of oxygen 过氧化物 3  any salt or ester of hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢盐(酯) ●v. tr.  bleach (the hair) with peroxide 用过氧化物漂白(头发) [PER- + OXIDE]

perpendicular /pɜ:p(ə)nˈdikjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  at right angles to the plane of the horizon 垂直的，(与地平面)成直角的b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) Geom.  at right angles (to a given line, plane, or surface) 【几】(与已知的线、面)正交的 2  upright, vertical 竖直的，直立的 3 (of a slope etc.) very steep (斜坡等)陡峭的 4 (作 Perpendicular) Archit.  of the third stage of English Gothic (15th － 16th c.) with vertical tracery in large windows 【建】垂直式的 (15 至 16 世纪英国哥特式第三阶段建筑风格) 5 joc.  in a standing position [诙]直立的 ●n.  1  a perpendicular line 垂线，垂直线 2  a plumb rule or a similar instrument 垂规；铅垂线 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a perpendicular line or orientation 垂线；垂直方向  is out of the perpendicular  不垂直 □ perpendicularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ perpendicularly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin perpendicularis, via perpendiculum ‘plumb line’ from PER- + pendēre ‘hang’]

perpetrate /ˈpɜ:pitreit/ v. tr.  commit or perform (a crime, blunder, or anything outrageous) 犯(罪行、错误)；施行(暴力行为) □ perpetration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ perpetrator  n.   [Latin perpetrare perpetrat- (as PER-, patrare ‘effect’)]

perpetual /pəˈpetʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  1  eternal; lasting for ever or indefinitely 永久的，永恒的 2  continuous, uninterrupted 连续不断的，不绝的 3  frequent, much repeated 经常的，反反复复的  perpetual interruptions  经常中断 4  permanent during life 终身的  perpetual secretary  终身大臣 □ perpetualism  n.  □ perpetually  adv.   [Middle English via Old French perpetuel from Latin perpetualis, via perpetuus from perpes -etis ‘continuous’]

perpetual calendar n.  a calendar which can be adjusted to show any combination of day, month, and year 万年历

perpetual check n. Chess  the position of play when a draw is obtained by repeated checking of the king 【棋类】(为取得和棋的)长将

perpetual motion n.  the motion of a hypothetical machine which once set in motion would run for ever unless subject to an external force or to wear 永恒运动

perpetuate /pəˈpetʃʊeit, -tjʊeit/ v. tr.  1  make perpetual 使永久，使永恒 2  preserve from oblivion 使不被遗忘，使不朽 □ perpetuance  n.  □ perpetuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ perpetuator  n.   [Latin perpetuare (as PERPETUAL)]

perpetuity /pɜ:piˈtju:iti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or quality of being perpetual 永久，永恒；长存 2  a perpetual annuity 终身年金 3  a perpetual possession or position 永久财产；终身职位 □ in (or to or for) perpetuity   for ever 永远，无尽期地 [Middle English via Old French perpetuité from Latin perpetuitas -tatis (as PERPETUAL)]

perpetuum mobile /pɜ:ˌpetjʊəm ˈməʊbili, pɜ:ˌpetjʊʊm, ˈməʊbilei/ n.  1  = PERPETUAL MOTION  2 Mus. 【音】  = MOTO PERPETUO  [Latin perpetuus ‘continuous’ + mobilis ‘movable’, on the pattern of PRIMUM MOBILE]

perplex /pəˈpleks/ v. tr.  1  puzzle, bewilder, or disconcert (a person, a person's mind, etc.) 使(某人，心情等)困惑(迷惑或慌乱) 2  complicate or confuse (a matter) 使(事情)复杂化(或费解) 3 (as 作 perplexed adj.) archaic  entangled, intertwined [古义]纠缠不清的 □ perplexedly  /-idli/ adv.  □ perplexing  adj.  □ perplexingly  adv.   [back-formation from perplexed, from obsolete adj. perplex, from Old French perplexe or Latin perplexus (as PER-, plexus, past part. of plectere ‘plait’)]

perplexity /pəˈpleksiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  bewilderment; the state of being perplexed 混乱；困惑(状态) 2  a thing which perplexes 令人困惑的事物 3 archaic  an entangled state [古义]纠缠(状态) [Middle English from Old French perplexité or Late Latin perplexitas (as PERPLEX)]

per pro. /pɜ: ˈprəʊ/ abbr.  through the agency of (used in signatures) [缩略]经代理人，由代表(签字用) [Latin per procurationem]■Usage 用法说明 The correct sequence of signatures is A per pro. B, where B is signing on behalf of A. The abbreviation p.p. is commonly used instead, e.g. C.Smith p.p. J.Carter where J.Carter is signing on behalf of C.Smith. 正确的签字顺序为 A 经由代理人 B ， B 代表 A 签字。常使用缩略形式 p.p., 如 C.Smith 经由代理人 J.Carter, J.Carter 代表 C.Smith 签字。 

perquisite /ˈpɜ:kwizit/ n.  1  an extra profit or allowance additional to a main income etc. (主要收入等之外的)额外所得；津贴 2  a customary extra right or privilege 特权 3  an incidental benefit attached to employment etc. (随工作等而得到的)好处，福利 4  a thing which has served its primary use and to which a subordinate or employee has a customary right (下属或雇员习惯享有的已发挥其主要作用的)东西 [Middle English via medieval Latin perquisitum from Latin perquirere ‘search diligently for’ (as PER-, quaerere ‘seek’)]■Usage 用法说明 Perquisite is sometimes confused with prerequisite, which means ‘a thing required as a precondition’. 该词有时与 prerequisite 相混， prerequisite 的含义是“先决条件，前提”。 

Perrier /ˈperiə/ n. propr.  an effervescent natural mineral water [商标] (法国南部产的一种冒泡的)毕雷矿泉水 [the name of a spring at Vergèze, France, its source]

perron /ˈperən/ n.  an exterior staircase leading up to a main entrance to a church or other (usu. large) building (通往教堂或其他大型建筑物正门的)室外台阶，门阶 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin petra ‘stone’]

perry /ˈperi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a drink like cider, made from the fermented juice of pears [英]梨子酒 [Middle English pereye etc. from Old French peré, ultimately from Latin pirum ‘pear’]

per se /pɜ: ˈsei/ adv.  by or in itself; intrinsically 本身，自身；本质上 [Latin]

persecute /ˈpɜ:sikju:t/ v. tr.  1  subject (a person etc.) to hostility or ill-treatment, esp. on the grounds of political or religious belief (尤指基于政治、宗教信仰原因)迫害，虐待(某人等) 2  harass; worry 骚扰，困扰 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  bombard (a person) with questions etc. (用问题等)难为(某人)，给(某人)出难题 □ persecutor  n.  □ persecutory  adj.   [Middle English from Old French persecuter, back-formation from persecuteur ‘persecutor’, via Late Latin persecutor from Latin persequi (as PER-, sequi secut- ‘follow, pursue’)]

persecution /pɜ:siˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of persecuting; the state of being persecuted 虐待，迫害；遭迫害的状况

persecution complex n. (also 亦作 persecution mania)  an irrational obsessive fear that others are scheming against one 被迫害情症，受迫害妄想症

perseverance /pɜ:siˈviər(ə)ns/ n.  1  the steadfast pursuit of an objective 不屈不挠，坚持不懈 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  constant persistence (in a belief etc.) 坚持(信仰等) [Middle English via Old French from Latin perseverantia (as PERSEVERE)]

perseverate /pəˈsevəreit/ v. intr.  1  continue action etc. for an unusually or excessively long time (行为等)持续(过长的时间) 2 Psychol.  tend to prolong or repeat a response after the original stimulus has ceased 【心】表现顽梗，表现执拗 □ perseveration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin perseverare (as PERSEVERE)]

persevere /pɜ:siˈviə/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at, with)  continue steadfastly or determinedly; persist 不屈不挠，坚持不懈 [Middle English via Old French perseverer from Latin perseverare ‘persist’, from perseverus ‘very strict’ (as PER-, severus ‘severe’)]

Persia /ˈpɜ:ʃə/ n.  波斯(即 Iran 伊朗) [亚洲]

Persian /ˈpɜ:ʒ(ə)n, -ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or inhabitant of ancient or modern Persia (now Iran) 波斯(现为伊朗)人b  a person of Persian descent 波斯人后裔 2  the language of ancient Persia or modern Iran 古波斯语(现伊朗语) 3 (in full 全称 Persian cat)  a  a cat of a breed with long silky hair and a thick tail 波斯猫b  this breed 波斯猫种 ●adj.  of or relating to Persia or its people or language 波斯(人或语)的；与波斯(人或语)有关的 [Middle English via Old French persien from medieval Latin]■Usage 用法说明 The preferred terms for the language (see sense 2 of the noun) are Iranian and Farsi respectively. 这种语言(见名词释义 2) 的贴切名称分别为伊朗语及法尔斯语。 

Persian carpet n. (also 亦作 Persian rug)  a carpet or rug of a traditional pattern made in Persia 波斯地毯

Persian Gulf n.  波斯湾

Persian lamb n.  the silky tightly curled fur of a young karakul, used in clothing 波斯羔羊皮(可制服装)

persiennes /pɜ:siˈenz/ n. pl.  window shutters, or outside blinds, with louvres 百叶窗 [French, fem. pl. of obsolete persien ‘Persian’]

persiflage /ˈpɜ:siflɑ:ʒ/ n.  light raillery, banter 戏谑，插科打诨 [French persifler ‘banter’ (as PER- + siffler ‘whistle’)]

persimmon /pəˈsimən/ n.  1  any evergreen tree of the genus Diospyros bearing edible orange pulpy fruits 柿子树 2  the fruit of this 柿子 [corruption of Algonquian pessemmins]

persist /pəˈsist/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  continue firmly or obstinately (in an opinion or a course of action) esp. despite obstacles, remonstrance, etc. (尤指不顾阻碍、规劝等)坚持意见(或行动)；一意孤行 2 (of an institution, custom, phenomenon, etc.) continue in existence; survive (惯例、习惯、现象等)继续存在 [Latin persistere (as PER-, sistere ‘stand’)]

persistent /pəˈsist(ə)nt/ adj.  1  continuing obstinately; persisting 执意的，坚持的 2  enduring 持久的 3  constantly repeated 反复出现的；不断重复的  persistent nagging  不停地唠叨 4 Biol. (of horns, leaves, etc.) remaining instead of falling off in the normal manner 【生】(角、树叶等)宿存的；不凋谢的 □ persistence  n.  □ persistency  n.  □ persistently  adv.  

persistent vegetative state n. Med.  the state of a person whose body is kept functioning by medical means but who manifests no sign of higher brain functions 【医】植物人状态

persnickety /pəˈsnikiti/ adj. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = PERNICKETY  [alteration of PERNICKETY]

person /ˈpɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  1  an individual human being 人，个人  a cheerful and forthright person  快乐直率的人 2  the living body of a human being 人的身体  hidden about your person  藏在你身上 3 Gram.  a category used in the classification of pronouns, verb forms, etc., according to whether they indicate the speaker (first person 第一人称); the addressee (second person 第二人称); a third party (third person 第三人称) 【语法】人称 4 (in comb. 用于复合词)  used to replace -man in offices open to either sex 人员(在办公室中用于替代 -man, 表示不分性别)  salesperson  销售人员 5 (in Christianity) God as Father, Son, or Holy Ghost (基督教) (圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体的)位  three persons in one God  三位一体 6 euphem.  the genitals [婉]下身(指阴部)  expose one's person  露阴 7  a character in a play or story (戏剧或故事中的)人物，角色 8  a type of person who enjoys something specified (依法享有规定的权利并承担规定的义务的)自然人；法人  not a party person  不是当事人 □ in one's own person   oneself; as oneself 本人，亲自□ in person   physically present 亲身，亲自 [Middle English via Old French persone from Latin persona ‘actor's mask, character in a play, human being’]

persona /pəˈsəʊnə, pɜ:-/ n. (pl. personas or personae /-ni:/)  1  an aspect of the personality as shown to or perceived by others (opp. 反义 ANIMA 1) 人格面貌；面具人格 2 Literary Criticism  an author's assumed character in his or her writing [文学批评] (作品中的)人物，角色 [Latin (as PERSON)]

personable /ˈpɜ:s(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  pleasing in appearance and behaviour (外表和行为)讨人喜欢的 □ personableness  n.  □ personably  adv.  

personage /ˈpɜ:s(ə)nidʒ/ n.  1  a person, esp. of rank or importance 人；(尤指)大人物，要人 2  a character in a play etc. (戏剧等中的)人物，角色 [Middle English, from PERSON + -AGE, influenced by medieval Latin personagium ‘effigy’ & French personnage]

persona grata /ˈɡrɑ:tə/ n. (pl. personae gratae /ˈɡrɑ:ti:/)  a person, esp. a diplomat, acceptable to certain others 受欢迎的人(尤指外交官) [Latin, as PERSONA + grata, fem. of gratus ‘pleasing’]

personal /ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  one's own; individual; private 本人的，个人的，私人的 2  done or made in person 亲自的  made a personal appearance  亲自出席 my personal attention  我亲自过问 3  directed to or concerning an individual 针对个人的，有关私人的  a personal letter  私人信件 4  referring (esp. in a hostile way) to an individual's private life or concerns (尤指以不友善的态度)涉及私人生活的，涉及个人隐私的  making personal remarks  发表个人评论 no need to be personal  不需要涉及个人隐私 5  of the body and clothing 身体的；衣着的  personal hygiene  个人卫生 personal appearance  仪容 6  existing as a person, not as an abstraction or thing 具人性的(与抽象概念或物体相对)  a personal God  入情入理的神明 7 Gram.  of or denoting one of the three persons 【语法】人称的  personal pronoun  人称代词 ●n. esp. N. Amer.  an advertisement or notice in the personal column of a newspaper [尤北美] (报上的)私人广告；个人启事 [Middle English via Old French from Latin personalis (as PERSON)]

personal ad n. esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  = PERSONALn. 

personal column n.  the part of a newspaper devoted to private advertisements or messages (报纸的)私人广告栏；个人启事栏

personal computer n.  a computer designed for use by a single individual, esp. in an office or business environment (尤指办公室、商务环境中的)个人电脑

personal equity plan n. Brit.  a scheme for limited personal investment in shares, unit trusts, etc. [英]个人股本投资计划

personal estate n.  = PERSONAL PROPERTY 

personal identification number n.  a number allocated to an individual, serving as a password esp. for a cash dispenser, computer, etc. (尤指自动提款机、计算机等用的密码)个人识别号码

personality /pɜ:səˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the distinctive character or qualities of a person, often as distinct from others (通常指区别于他人的)个性；品质  an attractive personality  惹人注目的性格b  socially attractive qualities (社交上)有吸引力的性格  was clever but had no personality  聪明但无特色 2  a famous person; a celebrity 名人；著名人物  a TV personality  电视明星 3  a person who stands out from others by virtue of his or her character (人品或性格突出的)人物  is a real personality  是一位实实在在的人物 4  personal existence or identity; the condition of being a person 个人存在(或身份)；做人 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  personal remarks 人身攻击 [Middle English via Old French personalité from Late Latin personalitas -tatis (as PERSONAL)]

personality cult n.  the extreme adulation of an individual 个人崇拜

personalize /ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make personal, esp. by marking with one's name etc. (尤指通过标上姓名的方式等)使成为个人的 2  personify 使人格化，拟人化 □ personalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

personally /ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)li/ adv.  1  in person 亲自地  see to it personally  亲自处理此事 2  for one's own part 就自己而言  speaking personally  就个人而言 3  as a person 作为个人  a God existing personally  人格化的神 4  in a personal manner 私下地  took the criticism personally  私下里接受了批评

personal organizer n.  1  a loose-leaf notebook with sections for various kinds of information, including a diary etc. (包括日记等的)活页备忘记事本 2  a hand-held microcomputer serving the same purpose (用于备忘记事的)掌上电脑

personal pronoun n.  each of the pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them) comprising a set that shows contrast of person, gender, number, and case 人称代词■Usage 用法说明 Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves, etc.) and possessive pronouns (my, your, etc.) are sometimes included in the category of personal pronouns. 反身代词 (myself 、 ourselves 等)和物主代词 (my 、 your 等)有时归为人称代词。 

personal property n. Law  all one's property except land and those interests in land that pass to one's heirs (cf. 参见 REAL1 adj. 3) 【法律】动产

personal service n.  individual service given to a customer 个别服务

personal space n.  1  the immediate area around an individual where any encroachment is considered threatening or uncomfortable 私人领域 2  space for the use of an individual 个人空间

personal stereo n.  a small portable audio cassette player, often with radio, or compact disc player, used with lightweight headphones 随身听；立体声袖珍光盘(或磁带)放音机

personal touch n.  a characteristic or individual approach to a situation 个人风格，个人特性

personalty /ˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies) Law  one's personal property or estate (opp. 反义 REALTY) 【法律】动产 [Anglo-French personalté (as PERSONAL)]

persona non grata /nɒn, nəʊn ˈɡrɑ:tə/ n. (pl. personae non gratae /ˈɡrɑ:ti:/)  an unacceptable or unwelcome person 不受欢迎的人 [Latin, as PERSONA GRATA + non ‘not’]

personate /ˈpɜ:s(ə)neit/ v. tr.  1  play the part of (a character in a drama etc.; another type of person) 扮演，饰演(戏剧等中的角色或另一种类型的人) 2  pretend to be (another person), esp. for fraudulent purposes; impersonate (尤指以欺诈为目地的)冒充(其他人)；模仿 □ personation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ personator  n.   [Late Latin personare personat- (as PERSON)]

personhood /ˈpɜ:s(ə)nhʊd/ n.  the quality or condition of being an individual person 人格，做人

personification /pəˌsɒnifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of personifying 人格化，拟人化 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a person or thing viewed as a striking example of (a quality etc.) (某品质等的)典型  the personification of ugliness  丑陋的典型

personify /pəˈsɒnifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  attribute a personal nature to (an abstraction or thing) 把(抽象概念或某物)人格化 2  symbolize (a quality etc.) by a figure in human form 用人的形象代表(某种品质等) 3 (usu. as 通常作 personified adj.)  embody (a quality) in one's own person; exemplify typically 体现(某种品质)；是…的化身  has always been kindness personified  经常是善良的化身 □ personifier  n.   [French personnifier (as PERSON)]

personnel /pɜ:səˈnel/ n.  1  a body of employees, persons involved in a public undertaking, armed forces, etc. (企业、部队等的)全体员工，全体职员 2  = PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT  [French, originally adj. = personal]

personnel carrier n.  an armoured vehicle for transporting troops etc. (运输部队的)装甲车

personnel department n.  the part of an organization concerned with the appointment, training, and welfare of employees (有关员工任命、培训和福利的)人事部门

person-to-person adj. & adv. ●attrib. adj.  1  between individuals 个人之间的，人与人之间的 2 (of a phone call) booked through the operator to a specified person (电话)指定受话人的 ●adv.  between individuals 面对面地

perspective /pəˈspektiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of relative positions, size, etc. 透视(画)法b  a picture drawn in this way 透视图 2  the apparent relation between visible objects as to position, distance, etc. (可视物体之间的位置、距离等)透视效果，透视感 3  a mental view of the relative importance of things (对事物相对重要性的)观点，看法  keep the right perspective  明察事理 4  a geographical or imaginary prospect 景色；景观 ●adj.  of or in perspective 透视(画)法的 □ in (or out of) perspective   1  drawn or viewed according (or not according) to the rules of perspective 按照(不按照)透视(画)法 2  correctly (or incorrectly) regarded in terms of relative importance (在相对的重要性方面)正确(不正确)看待□ perspectival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ perspectively  adv.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘the science of sight, optics’, from medieval Latin perspectiva (ars ‘art’), from perspicere perspect- ‘look at closely, look through’ (as PER-, specere spect- ‘to look’)]

perspex /ˈpɜ:speks/ n. Brit. propr.  a tough light transparent acrylic thermoplastic used instead of glass [英] [商标]有机玻璃(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯) [Latin perspicere ‘look through’ (as PER-, specere ‘to look’)]

perspicacious /pɜ:spiˈkeiʃəs/ adj.  having mental penetration or discernment 眼光锐利的；有识别力的 □ perspicaciously  adv.  □ perspicaciousness  n.  □ perspicacity  /-ˈkæsiti/ n.   [Latin perspicax -acis (as PERSPEX)]■Usage 用法说明 Perspicacious, meaning ‘having or showing insight’, is sometimes confused with perspicuous, meaning ‘expressing things clearly’ or ‘clearly expressed’. 表示“有(或表现出)洞察力的” perspicacious 有时易于表示“清楚地表达的，表达得清楚的” perspicuous 相混淆。 

perspicuous /pəˈspikjʊəs/ adj.  1  easily understood; clearly expressed 易懂的；表达得清楚的 2 (of a person) expressing things clearly (指人)表达力强的，表达得清楚的 □ perspicuity  /-ˈkju:iti/ n.  □ perspicuously  adv.  □ perspicuousness  n.   [Middle English, = transparent, from Latin perspicuus (as PERSPECTIVE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PERSPICACIOUS. 见 perspicacious 的用法说明。 

perspiration /pɜ:spiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  = SWEATn. 1  2  sweating 出汗，流汗 □ perspiratory  /-ˈspirət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French (as PERSPIRE)]

perspire /pəˈspaiə/ v.  1 intr.  sweat or exude perspiration, esp. as the result of heat, exercise, anxiety, etc. (尤指热、锻炼、焦急等所引起的)出汗，排汗 2 tr.  sweat or exude (fluid etc.) 排出(汗)；渗出(液体等) [French perspirer from Latin perspirare (as PER-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

persuade /pəˈsweid/ v. tr. & refl.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause that)  cause (another person or oneself) to believe; convince 使(某人或自己)相信；使信服  persuaded them that it would be helpful  使他们相信这是有益的 tried to persuade me of its value  设法让我相信它的价值 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  induce (another person or oneself) 说服(某人或自己)  persuaded us to join them  说服我们参加他们的活动 managed to persuade them at last  最终设法说服了他们b (foll. by 后跟 away from, down to, etc.)  lure, attract, entice, etc. 引诱；吸引；诱使  persuaded them away from the pub  诱使他们离开酒吧 □ persuadable  adj.  □ persuadability  /-dəˈbiliti/ n.  □ persuasible  adj.   [Latin persuadēre (as PER-, suadēre suas- ‘advise’)]

persuader /pəˈsweidə/ n.  1  a person who persuades 说服者，劝说者 2 slang  a gun or other weapon [俚语]手枪(或其他武器)

persuasion /pəˈsweiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  persuading 说服；劝说  yielded to persuasion  听从劝告 2  persuasiveness 说服力  use all your persuasion  竭尽你们的说服能力 3  a belief or conviction 信念  my private persuasion  我个人的信念 4  a religious belief, or the group or sect holding it 宗教信仰；(具有宗教信仰的)教派  of a different persuasion  不同宗教信仰的 5 colloq. or joc.  any group or party [口] [诙]种类，类别  the male persuasion  男性 [Middle English from Latin persuasio (as PERSUADE)]

persuasive /pəˈsweisiv/ adj.  able to persuade 能说服人的，有说服力的 □ persuasively  adv.  □ persuasiveness  n.   [French persuasif -ive or medieval Latin persuasivus (as PERSUADE)]

PERT abbr.  programme evaluation and review technique [缩略]珀尔特(程序估计和检查技术)

pert /pɜ:t/ adj.  1  saucy or impudent, esp. in speech or conduct (尤指在言行上)莽撞的，无礼的 2 (of clothes etc.) neat and suggestive of jauntiness (衣服等)整洁的，时髦的 3  = PEART  □ pertly  adv.  □ pertness  n.   [Middle English via Old French apert from Latin apertus, past part. of aperire ‘open’ and via Old French aspert from Latin expertus EXPERT]

pertain /pəˈtein/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  relate or have reference to 关于，有关联b  belong to as a part or appendage or accessory 从属，附属 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be appropriate to 适合，符合 [Middle English via Old French partenir from Latin pertinēre (as PER-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

Perth /pɜ:θ/ n.  佩思(或译珀思) [澳大利亚城市]

pertinacious /pɜ:tiˈneiʃəs/ adj.  stubborn; persistent; obstinate (in a course of action etc.) (在一行动等中)固执的，坚持的，顽固的 □ pertinaciously  adv.  □ pertinaciousness  n.  □ pertinacity  /-ˈnæsiti/ n.   [Latin pertinax (as PER-, tenax ‘tenacious’)]

pertinent /ˈpɜ:tinənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  relevant to the matter in hand; apposite 有关的；恰当的 2  to the point 中肯的，贴切的 □ pertinence  n.  □ pertinency  n.  □ pertinently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French pertinent or Latin pertinēre (as PERTAIN)]

perturb /pəˈtɜ:b/ v. tr.  1  throw into confusion or disorder 使混乱，扰乱 2  disturb mentally; agitate 使心绪不宁，使焦虑 3 Physics & Math.  subject (a physical system, or a set of equations, or its solution) to a perturbation 【物理学】【数】使(物理系统、一组等式或其解法)微扰 □ perturbable  adj.  □ perturbative  /pəˈtɜ:bətiv, ˈpɜ:təbeitiv/ adj.  □ perturbingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French pertourber from Latin (as PER-, turbare ‘disturb’)]

perturbation /pɜ:təˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of perturbing; the state of being perturbed 搅乱，扰乱，混乱 2  a cause of disturbance or agitation 混乱(或焦虑)的缘由 3 Physics  a slight alteration of a physical system, e.g. of the electrons in an atom, caused by a secondary influence 【物理学】(某一物体体系的)微扰(如原子中的电子受到次要影响时所发生的细微变化) 4 Astron.  a minor deviation in the course of a celestial body, caused by the attraction of a neighbouring body 【天】摄动(某一天体由于受到相邻天体的吸引运行方向发生细微的偏离)

pertussis /pəˈtʌsis/ n.  whooping cough 百日咳 [modern Latin, from PER- + Latin tussis ‘cough’]

Peru   秘鲁

peruke /pəˈru:k/ n. hist.  a wig [史义]假发 [French perruque from Italian perrucca parrucca, of unknown origin]

peruse /pəˈru:z/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  read or study, esp. thoroughly or carefully (尤指)精读，细读 2  examine (a person's face etc.) carefully 仔细观察(某人的脸等) □ perusal  n.  □ peruser  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘use up’, probably via Anglo-Latin from Romanic (as PER-, USE)]

Peruvian /pəˈru:viən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Peru 秘鲁人 2  a person of Peruvian descent 秘鲁人后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Peru 秘鲁的；秘鲁人的；秘鲁文化的 [modern Latin Peruvia ‘Peru’]

Peruvian bark n.  the bark of the cinchona tree 金鸡纳(树)皮

pervade /pəˈveid/ v. tr.  1  spread throughout, permeate 弥漫，渗透 2 (of influences etc.) become widespread among or in. (影响等)普及，蔓延 3  be rife among or through 遍及于，流行于 □ pervasion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin pervadere (as PER-, vadere vas- ‘go’)]

pervasive /pəˈveisiv/ adj.  1  pervading 遍布的，流行的 2  able to pervade 有渗透性的，到处弥漫的 □ pervasively  adv.  □ pervasiveness  n.  

perve /pɜ:v/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n. (also 亦作 perv)  1 Brit.  a sexual pervert [英]性欲倒错者，性欲反常者 2 Austral.  an erotic gaze [澳]色迷迷的凝视 ●v. intr.  1  act like a sexual pervert 性欲倒错 2 (foll. by 后跟 at, on) Austral.  gaze with erotic interest [澳]色迷迷地注视 [abbreviation]

perverse /pəˈvɜ:s/ adj.  1 (of a person or action) deliberately or stubbornly departing from what is reasonable or required (人或行为有意或固执地)违背常情的，不合要求的 2  persistent in error 坚持错误的 3  wayward; intractable; peevish 任性的；刚愎自用的；倔强的 4  perverted; wicked 不正当的；恶意的 5 (of a verdict etc.) against the weight of evidence or the judge's direction (判决等)不当的，不合法的 □ perversely  adv.  □ perverseness  n.  □ perversity  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old French pervers perverse from Latin perversus (as PERVERT)]

perversion /pəˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an act of perverting; the state of being perverted 误用；滥用 2  a perverted form of an act or thing (行为或事物的)颠倒 3  a  preference for an abnormal form of sexual activity 性欲变态b  such an activity 性欲倒错，性欲反常 [Middle English from Latin perversio (as PERVERT)]

pervert v. & n. ●v. tr. /pəˈvɜ:t/  1  turn (a person or thing) aside from its proper use or nature 误用，滥用(人或物) 2  misapply or misconstrue (words etc.) 曲解(话等) 3  lead astray (a person, a person's mind, etc.) from right opinion or conduct, or esp. religious belief 使(人、思想等)误入歧途(偏离正确的观点、行为，尤指宗教信仰) 4 (as 作 perverted adj.)  showing perversion 反常的；颠倒的 ●n. /ˈpɜ:vɜ:t/  1  a perverted person 行为反常者 2  a person showing sexual perversion 性欲倒错者 □ perversive  /pəˈvɜ:siv/ adj.  □ pervertedly  /pəˈvɜ:tidli/ adv.  □ perverter  /-ˈvɜ:tə/ n.   [Middle English from Old French pervertir or from Latin pervertere (as PER-, vertere vers- ‘turn’): cf. CONVERT]

pervious /ˈpɜ:viəs/ adj.  1  permeable 可渗透的；能透过的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a  affording passage 能被通过的，能被穿过的b  accessible (to reason etc.) (理由等)能理解的；能接受的 □ perviousness  n.   [Latin pervius (as PER-, vius from via ‘way’)]

Pesach /ˈpeisɑ:x/ n.  the Passover festival (犹太人的)逾越节 [Hebrew Pesah]

peseta /pəˈseitə/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of Spain 比塞塔 (2002 年前西班牙主要货币单位) 2 hist.  a silver coin [史义] (旧时的)一比塞塔银币 [Spanish, diminutive of pesa ‘weight’, from Latin pensa, pl. of pensum: see POISE1]

pesky /ˈpeski/ adj. (peskier, peskiest) esp. US colloq.  troublesome; confounded; annoying [尤美口]麻烦的，讨厌的，恼人的 □ peskily  adv.  □ peskiness  n.   [18th c.: perhaps related to PEST]

peso /ˈpeisəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the chief monetary unit of several Latin American countries and of the Philippines 比索(拉丁美洲诸国、菲律宾的主要货币单位) 2  a note or coin worth one peso 一比索纸币(或硬币) [Spanish, = weight, from Latin pensum: see POISE1]

pessary /ˈpes(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Med. 【医】  1  a device worn in the vagina to support the uterus or as a contraceptive 子宫托 2  a vaginal suppository 阴道栓(剂) [Middle English via Late Latin pessarium, pessulum, from pessum, pessus, from Greek pessos ‘oval stone’]

pessimism /ˈpesimiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a tendency to take the worst view or expect the worst outcome 悲观(倾向) 2 Philos.  a belief that this world is as bad as it could be or that all things tend to evil Opp. 反义 OPTIMISM 【哲】悲观主义 □ pessimist  n.  □ pessimistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  □ pessimistically  /-ˈmistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin pessimus ‘worst’, on the pattern of OPTIMISM]

pest /pest/ n.  1  a troublesome or annoying person or thing; a nuisance 讨厌的人或物；妨碍 2  a destructive animal, esp. an insect which attacks crops, livestock, etc. (尤指侵害庄稼、牲畜等的)害兽；害虫 3 archaic  a pestilence; a plague [古义]瘟疫，疫病 [French peste or Latin pestis ‘plague’]

pester /ˈpestə/ v. tr.  trouble or annoy, esp. with frequent or persistent requests 打扰，纠缠(尤指不断提出要求) □ pesterer  n.   [French empestrer ‘encumber’, influenced by PEST]

pest-house n. hist.  a hospital for sufferers from the plague etc. [史义]传染病院

pesticide /ˈpestisaid/ n.  a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals 杀虫剂 □ pesticidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

pestiferous /peˈstif(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  noxious; pestilent 有毒的；致命的 2  harmful; pernicious; bearing moral contagion 有害的；道德败坏的 [Latin pestifer, -ferus (as PEST)]

pestilence /ˈpestil(ə)ns/ n.  a fatal epidemic disease, esp. bubonic plague 疫病(尤指腺鼠疫) [Middle English via Old French from Latin pestilentia (as PESTILENT)]

pestilent /ˈpestil(ə)nt/ adj.  1  destructive to life, deadly 致死的，致命的 2  harmful or morally destructive 有害的；伤风败俗的 3 colloq.  troublesome; annoying [口]讨厌的，烦人的 □ pestilently  adv.   [Latin pestilens, pestilentus from pestis ‘plague’]

pestilential /pestiˈlenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to pestilence 瘟疫的，与瘟疫相关的 2  dangerous; troublesome; pestilent 危险的；讨厌的；有危害的 □ pestilentially  adv.   [Middle English via medieval Latin pestilentialis from Latin pestilentia (as PESTILENT)]

pestle /ˈpes(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a club-shaped instrument for pounding substances in a mortar (在臼中捣碎物品用的)杵，碾槌 2  an appliance for pounding etc. 捣碎用的器具 ●v.  1 tr.  pound with a pestle or in a similar manner 捣碎 2 intr.  use a pestle (用杵)捣 [Middle English via Old French pestel from Latin pistillum, from pinsare pist- ‘to pound’]

pesto /ˈpestəʊ/ n.  an Italian sauce of crushed basil leaves, pine nuts, garlic, Parmesan cheese, and olive oil, usu. served with pasta (通常浇在面条或通心粉上的)香蒜沙司，香蒜酱(由碾碎的香草叶、松果、大蒜、干酪和橄榄油组成) [Italian, from pestare ‘pound, crush’]

pestology /peˈstɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of pests (esp. harmful insects) and of methods of dealing with them 害虫学；虫害防治学 □ pestological  /-stəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pestologist  n.  

PET abbr. [缩略]  1  positron emission tomography, a form of tomography used esp. for brain scans 正电子发射 X 射线层析照相术 2  polyethylene terephthalate, a plastic used in recyclable packaging 聚对苯二甲酸乙酯

Pet. abbr.  Peter (New Testament) [缩略] 《新约·彼得书》

pet1 /pet/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a domestic or tamed animal kept for pleasure or companionship 宠物 2  a darling, a favourite (often as a term of endearment) (常作为亲昵的称呼)宝贝，宠儿 ●attrib. adj.  1  kept as a pet 当作宠物的  pet lamb  宠物羊 2  of or for pet animals 宠物的，宠物用的  pet food  宠物食品 3 often joc.  favourite or particular [常诙]最喜爱的；特别的  my pet hate is filling in forms  我最讨厌的是填表 4  expressing fondness or familiarity 表示喜爱的，表示亲昵的  pet form  亲昵形式 ●v. tr. (petted, petting)  1  treat as a pet 把…当作宠儿(宠物) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  fondle, esp. erotically (尤指带色情地)爱抚 □ petter  n.   [16th-c. Scots & northern English dialect: origin unknown]

pet2 /pet/ n.  a feeling of petty resentment or ill humour (esp. 尤用于 be in a pet 生气) 生气，发火 [16th c.: origin unknown]

peta- /ˈpetə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1015 [构词成分]表示 1015 [perhaps from PENTA-]

petal /ˈpet(ə)l/ n.  each of the parts of the corolla of a flower 花瓣 □ petaline  /-ain, -in/ adj.  □ petalled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ petal-like  adj.  □ petaloid  adj.   [modern Latin petalum, in Late Latin ‘metal plate’, via Greek petalon ‘leaf’ from petalos ‘outspread’]

petard /piˈtɑ:d/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a small bomb used to blast down a door etc. (古时炸开城门等用的)小型炸弹 2  a kind of firework or cracker 一种爆竹 □ hoist with (or by) one's own petard   affected adversely by one's schemes against others 害人反害己，搬起石头砸自己的脚 [French pétard from péter ‘break wind’]

petasus /ˈpetəsəs/ n.  1  an ancient Greek hat with a low crown and broad brim, esp. (in Greek mythology) as worn by Hermes 佩塔索斯帽(尤指古希腊神话中赫耳墨斯戴的低冠宽边帽) 2  the winged hat of Hermes 赫耳墨斯翼帽 [Latin from Greek petasos]

Pete /pi:t/ n.   □ for Pete's sake   see 见 SAKE1  [abbreviation of the name Peter]

petechia /piˈti:kiə/ n. (pl. petechiae /-kii:/) Med.  a small red or purple spot as a result of bleeding into the skin 【医】瘀斑(点) □ petechial  adj.   [modern Latin from Italian petecchia, a freckle or spot on one's face]

Peter /ˈpi:tə/   彼得 [人名]

peter1 /ˈpi:tə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 out) (originally of a vein of ore etc.) diminish, come to an end (原指矿脉等)逐渐枯竭；逐渐消失 2 Bridge  play an echo 【桥牌】打出报信牌 ●n. Bridge  an echo 【桥牌】应答性出牌 [19th c.: origin unknown]

peter2 /ˈpi:tə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a prison cell 单人牢房 2  a safe 保险箱 [perhaps from the name Peter]

peterman /ˈpi:təmən/ n. (pl. -men) slang  a safe-breaker [俚语]撬保险箱的强盗

Peter Pan /pi:tə ˈpæn/ n.  a person who retains youthful features, or who is immature 小飞侠，彼得·潘(指一个永不长大的或不成熟的人) [hero of J. M. Barrie's play of the same name (1904)]

Peter Principle /ˈpi:tə/ n. joc.  the principle that members of a hierarchy are promoted until they reach the level at which they are no longer competent [诙]彼得原则(在等级制度下所有人均能级级晋升直至与其能力不相称的级别) [named after L. J. Peter, its propounder, b. 1919]

petersham /ˈpi:təʃ(ə)m/ n.  thick corded silk ribbon used for stiffening in dressmaking etc. 佩特香棱条丝带(用于制衣等中使之挺括) [named after Lord Petersham, English army officer d. 1851]

Peter's pence /ˈpi:təz/ n. pl. Eccl. 【教会】  1 hist.  an annual tax of one penny, formerly paid to the papal see [史义] (从前每年向教廷缴纳的)一便士奉金 2 (since 1860) a voluntary payment by Roman Catholics to the papal treasury (1860 年后，天主教徒自愿交给教皇的)奉金 [St Peter, as first pope]

pethidine /ˈpeθidi:n/ n. esp. Brit.  a synthetic analgesic drug used esp. in childbirth Also called 亦称作 meperidine [尤英]哌替啶，度冷丁 [perhaps from PIPERIDINE (from which the drug is derived) + ETHYL]

petiole /ˈpetiəʊl/ n.  the slender stalk joining a leaf to a stem 叶柄，梗 □ petiolar  adj.  □ petiolate  /-lət/ adj.   [French pétiole from Latin petiolus ‘little foot, stalk’]

petit /ˈpeti/ adj. esp. Law  petty; small; of lesser importance (尤)【法律】小的，轻微的；不重要的 [Middle English via Old French, = small, from Romanic, perhaps imitative of child's speech]

petit bourgeois /petiˈbʊəʒwɑ:, pəˌti:/ n. (pl. petits bourgeois pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a member of the lower middle classes 小资产阶级分子 [French]

petite /pəˈti:t/ adj. (of a woman) of small and dainty build (妇女)娇小的 [French, fem. of PETIT]

petite bourgeoisie /pəˌti:t bʊəʒwɑ:ˈzi:/ n.  the lower middle classes 小资产阶级

petit four /peti ˈfɔ:/ n. (pl. petits fours /ˈfɔ:z/)  a very small fancy cake, biscuit, or sweet 精美小糕点(饼干或糖果) [French, = little oven]

petition /piˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a supplication or request 恳求，请求 2  a formal written request, esp. one signed by many people, appealing to authority in some cause 请愿书 3 Law  an application to a court for a writ etc. 【法律】(向法院呈交的)申请(状) ●v.  1 tr.  make or address a petition to 向…请求，向…请愿  petition your MP  向你们的议员请愿 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to)  appeal earnestly or humbly 请求，恳求 □ petitionable  adj.  □ petitionary  adj.  □ petitioner  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin petitio -onis]

Petition of Right n.  1 hist.  a parliamentary declaration of rights and liberties of the people assented to by Charles I in 1628 [史义] (1628 年查理一世认可的)民权宣言(亦称权利请愿书) 2 Law  a common-law remedy against the crown for the recovery of property 【法律】(向国王请求归还财产的)习惯法补偿

petitio principii /piˌtiʃiəʊ prinˈsipiai, priŋˈkip-/ n. Logic  a fallacy in which a conclusion is taken for granted in the premiss; begging the question 【逻辑学】预期理由(一种逻辑错误，把尚未证明的判断想当然地作为论据)，窃取论点 [Latin, = assuming a principle: see PETITION]

petit jury n.  = PETTY JURY 

petit mal /pəti ˈmæl/ n.  1  a mild form of epilepsy with only momentary loss of consciousness 癫痫小发作，轻癫 often 常作 attrib.: petit mal epilepsy  轻癫 2  an epileptic fit of this kind. Cf. 参见 GRAND MAL 癫痫小发作 [French, = little sickness]

petit-maître /pətiˈmeitr(ə), 法 pətimɛtr/ n.  a dandy or coxcomb 纨绔子弟，花花公子 [French, = little master]

petit point /pəti ˈpwã, peti ˈpɔint/ n.  1  embroidery on canvas using small stitches 斜针绣，点针绣法 2  tent stitch (刺绣的)斜向平行针迹 [French, = little point]

petit pois /peti ˈpwɑ:/ n. pl.  small green peas (法国)青豆，小豌豆 [French]

pet name n.  a name expressing fondness or familiarity 爱称，昵称

Petrarchan /piˈtrɑ:k(ə)n/ adj.  denoting a sonnet of the kind used by the Italian poet Petrarch (d. 1374), with an octave rhyming abbaabba, and a sestet usu. rhyming cdcdcd or cdecde 彼特拉克十四行诗体的(彼特拉克，意大利诗人，推广十四行诗，死于 1374 年)

petrel /ˈpetr(ə)l/ n.  any of various seabirds of the family Procellariidae or Hydrobatidae, usu. flying far from land 鹱科(海燕科)鸟类 [17th c. (also pitteral), of uncertain origin: later associated with St Peter (from the bird's habit of flying low with legs dangling, appearing to walk on the water: Matt. 14:30)]

Petri dish /ˈpetri, ˈpi:tri/ n.  a shallow covered dish used for the culture of bacteria etc. (用于培养细菌、浅而有盖的)皮氏培养皿 [named after J. R. Petri, German bacteriologist d. 1921]

petrifaction /petriˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of fossilization whereby organic matter is turned into a stony substance 石化 2  a petrified substance or mass 化石物 3  a state of extreme fear or terror 吓呆，惊呆 [PETRIFY, on the pattern of stupefaction]

petrify /ˈpetrifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  paralyse with fear, astonishment, etc. 把…吓呆；使…惊呆 2 tr.  change (organic matter) into a stony substance 使(有机物)石化 3 intr.  become like stone 变成石头，石化 4 tr.  deprive (the mind, a doctrine, etc.) of vitality; deaden (使思想、教义等)丧失活力，使僵化 [French pétrifier via medieval Latin petrificare and Latin petra ‘rock’ from Greek]

petro- /ˈpetrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  rock 岩石的 2  petroleum (petrochemistry 石油化学，岩石化学) 石油的 [Greek petros ‘stone’ or petra ‘rock’]

petrochemical /petrə(ʊ)ˈkemik(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance industrially obtained from petroleum or natural gas 石油化学制品 ●adj.  of or relating to petrochemistry or petrochemicals 石油化学的；石油化学制品的

petrochemistry /petrə(ʊ)ˈkemistri/ n.  1  the chemistry of rocks 岩石化学 2  the chemistry of petroleum 石油化学，石化

petrodollar /ˈpetrəʊˌdɒlə/ n.  a notional unit of currency earned by a country exporting petroleum 石油美元(石油输出国赚取的货币的概念单位)

petroglyph /ˈpetrə(ʊ)ɡlif/ n.  a rock-carving, esp. a prehistoric one (尤指史前的)岩画 [PETRO- + Greek glyphē ‘carving’]

petrography /peˈtrɒɡrəfi/ n.  the scientific description of the composition and formation of rocks 岩相学，岩类学(描述岩石的构成和形成) □ petrographer  n.  □ petrographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ petrographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

petrol /ˈpetr(ə)l/ n. Brit. [英]  1  refined petroleum used as a fuel in motor vehicles, aircraft, etc. 汽油 2 (作 attrib.)  concerned with the supply of petrol 与汽油供应有关的  petrol pump  汽油加油泵 petrol station  汽油加油站 [French pétrole from medieval Latin petroleum: see PETROLEUM]

petrolatum /petrəˈleitəm/ n. US  petroleum jelly [美]石油冻，凡士林，矿脂 [modern Latin, from PETROL + -atum]

petrol bomb n. Brit.  a simple bomb made of a petrol-filled bottle and a wick [英]汽油弹(由一个装满汽油的瓶子和一根灯芯做成的)

petroleum /piˈtrəʊliəm/ n.  a hydrocarbon oil found in the upper strata of the earth, refined for use as a fuel for heating and in internal-combustion engines, for lighting, dry-cleaning, etc. 石油 [medieval Latin, from Latin petra ‘rock’ (from Greek) + Latin oleum ‘oil’]

petroleum ether n.  a volatile liquid distilled from petroleum, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons 石油醚

petroleum jelly n.  a translucent solid mixture of hydrocarbons used as a lubricant, ointment, etc. 石油冻，凡士林，矿脂(一种半透明的固体的碳氢化合物的混合物，可用作润滑剂、油膏等)

petrolic /piˈtrɒlik/ adj.  of or relating to petrol or petroleum 汽油的，石油的，与汽油(石油)相关联的

petrology /piˈtrɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the origin, structure, composition, etc., of rocks (cf. 参见 LITHOLOGY) 岩石学(研究岩石的起源，结构，成分等) □ petrologic  /petrəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ petrological  /petrəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ petrologist  n.  

petrous /ˈpetrəs/ adj.  1 Anat.  denoting the hard part of the temporal bone protecting the inner ear 【解】颞骨岩部的 2 Geol.  of, like, or relating to rock 【地质】岩石(似)的；石质的 [Latin petrosus from petra ‘rock’, from Greek]

petticoat /ˈpetikəʊt/ n.  1  a woman's or girl's undergarment in the form of a skirt or a skirt and bodice (妇女或女孩穿在里面的)衬裙或内衣 2 slang  a woman or girl [俚语]妇女；姑娘 3 (作 attrib.) often derog.  feminine; associated with women [常贬]女性(的)，女人(的)  petticoat pedantry  卖弄风情 □ petticoated  adj.  □ petticoatless  adj.   [Middle English, from petty coat]

pettifog /ˈpetifɒɡ/ v. intr. (pettifogged, pettifogging)  1  practise legal deception or trickery 当讼棍；欺骗 2  quibble or wrangle about petty points (为小事情)吹毛求疵，挑剔 [back-formation from PETTIFOGGER]

pettifogger /ˈpetifɒɡə/ n.  1  a rascally lawyer; an inferior legal practitioner 讼棍，小律师 2  a petty practitioner in any activity (任何活动中的)小人物 □ pettifoggery  n.  □ pettifogging  adj.   [PETTY + fogger ‘underhand dealer’, probably from Fugger, the name of a family of merchants in Augsburg in the 15th － 16th c.]

pettish /ˈpetiʃ/ adj.  peevish, petulant; easily put out 易怒的，任性的，易激怒的 □ pettishly  adv.  □ pettishness  n.   [PET2 + -ISH1]

petty /ˈpeti/ adj. (pettier, pettiest)  1  unimportant; trivial 不重要的，琐碎的 2  mean, small-minded; contemptible 卑劣的，小心眼的；可鄙的 3  minor; inferior; on a small scale 小的，地位低下的，小规模的  petty princes  小王子 4 Law (of a crime) of lesser importance (cf. 参见 COMMON adj. 9, GRAND adj. 8) 【法律】(罪行)轻的  petty larceny  轻盗窃罪 □ pettily  adv.  □ pettiness  n.   [Middle English pety, variant of PETIT]

petty bourgeois n.  = PETIT BOURGEOIS 

petty bourgeoisie n.  = PETITE BOURGEOISIE 

petty cash n.  money from or for small items of receipt or expenditure 零用收支；小额现金

petty jury n.  a jury of 12 persons who try the final issue of fact in civil or criminal cases and pronounce a verdict (由 12 人组成的在民事或刑事案件中做最后审理并宣布审判结果的)小陪审团

petty officer n.  a naval NCO 海军军士

petty sessions n. (in the UK) (英国):  1  a meeting of two or more magistrates for the summary trial of certain offences (由两个或以上地方法官主持审理一些较小案件的)即决法庭 2  = QUARTER SESSIONS 

petty treason  see 见 TREASON 2 

petulant /ˈpetjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  peevishly impatient or irritable 性急的，暴躁的 □ petulance  n.  □ petulantly  adv.   [French pétulant from Latin petulans -antis, from petere ‘seek’]

petunia /piˈtju:niə/ n.  any plant of the genus Petunia with white, purple, red, etc., funnel-shaped flowers (花白、紫、红等颜色，呈斗状的)矮牵牛 [modern Latin via French petun from Guarani petyˉ ‘tobacco’ (to which these plants are related)]

petuntse /peiˈtʊntsə, piˈtʌntsə/ n.  a white variable feldspathic mineral used for making porcelain (制造瓷器用的)瓷泥 [Chinese baidunzi, from bai ‘white’ + dun ‘stone’ + suffix -zi]

pew /pju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in a church) a long bench with a back; an enclosed compartment (教堂里带靠背的)长椅；包厢 2 Brit. colloq.  a seat (esp. 尤用于短语 take a pew 请坐) [英口]座位 ●v. tr.  furnish with pews 安装座位 □ pewage  n.  □ pewless  adj.   [originally a place in a church with a seat (often raised) for particular worshippers: Middle English pywe, puwe via Old French puye ‘balcony’ from Latin podia, pl. of PODIUM]

pewee /ˈpi:wi:/ n.  a N. American tyrant flycatcher of the genus Contopus 北美小鹟 [imitative (cf. PEEWEE)]

pewit var.  of PEEWIT  PEEWIT 的变体

pewter /ˈpju:tə/ n.  1  a grey alloy of tin with copper and antimony (formerly, tin and lead) 白镴；锡镴(旧为锡、铅合金) 2  utensils made of this 锡镴器皿 3 Brit. slang  a tankard etc. as a prize [英] [俚语]奖杯 □ pewterer  n.   [Middle English via Old French peutre, peualtre from Romanic, of unknown origin]

peyote /peiˈəʊti/ n.  1  a Mexican cactus, Lophophora williamsii, having no spines and button-like tops when dried also called 亦称作 MESCAL (墨西哥仙人掌属植物)佩奥特掌 2  a hallucinogenic drug containing mescaline prepared from this 佩奥特掌致幻药(从佩奥特掌中提取) [Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl peyotl]

Pf. abbr. [缩略]  pfennig 

Pfc. abbr. US [缩略] [美]  Private First Class 

pfennig /ˈ(p)feniɡ/ n.  1  a German monetary unit, equal to one-hundredth of a mark 芬尼(德国货币单位，等于 1/100 马克) 2  a coin of this value 一芬尼硬币 [German, related to PENNY]

PG abbr. [缩略]  1 (of films) classified as suitable for children subject to parental guidance 宜在家长指导下观看的 2  paying guest 宿客

pH n. Chem.  a logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre of a solution, giving a measure of its acidity or alkalinity 【化】(氢离子活性度的) pH 值；酸碱度 [German, from Potenz ‘power’ + H (symbol for hydrogen)]

phaeton /ˈfeit(ə)n/ n.  1  a light open four-wheeled carriage, usu. drawn by a pair of horses (通常由两匹马拉的)四轮敞篷轻便马车 2 US  a vintage touring car [美]敞篷旅游车 [French phaéton via Latin Phaethon from Greek Phaethōn, son of Helios the sun-god, who was allowed to drive the sun-chariot for a day, with disastrous results]

phage /feidʒ/ n.  = BACTERIOPHAGE  [abbreviation]

phagocyte /ˈfæɡə(ʊ)sait/ n.  a type of cell capable of engulfing and absorbing foreign matter, esp. a leucocyte ingesting bacteria in the body 吞噬细胞(尤指在体内摄取细菌的白血球) □ phagocytic  /-ˈsitik/ adj.   [Greek phag- ‘eat’ + -CYTE]

phagocytosis /fæɡəsaiˈtəʊsis/ n.  the ingestion of bacteria etc. by phagocytes 吞噬作用，噬菌作用(吞噬细胞对细菌等的摄取) □ phagocytize  /ˈfæɡə-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ phagocytose  /ˈfæɡə-/ v. tr.  

-phagous /fəɡəs/ comb. form  that eats (as specified) (ichthyophagous 食鱼的) [构词成分] (按规定)吃…的，食…的 [Latin -phagus from Greek -phagos, from phagein ‘eat’]

-phagy /fədʒi/ comb. form  the eating of (specified food) (ichthyophagy 以鱼为食) [构词成分]吃，食(规定食物) [Greek -phagia (as -PHAGOUS)]

phalange /ˈfælæn(d)ʒ/ n.  1 Anat. 【解】  = PHALANX 3  2 (作 Phalange)  a right-wing activist Maronite party in Lebanon (cf. 参见 FALANGE) (黎巴嫩的右翼活动分子)长枪党(马龙党) [French from Latin phalanx: see PHALANX]

phalangeal /fəˈlæn(d)ʒiəl/ adj. Anat.  of or relating to a phalanx 【解】指骨的；趾骨的；指骨状的；趾骨状的

phalanger /fəˈlæn(d)ʒə/ n.  any of various arboreal marsupials of the family Phalangeridae, including cuscuses and brush-tailed possums (袋貂科)袋貂 [French from Greek phalaggion ‘spider's web’, from the webbed toes of their hind feet]

Phalangist /fəˈlæn(d)ʒist, ˈfælən(d)ʒist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of the Phalange party in Lebanon (黎巴嫩)长枪党党员 ●adj.  of or relating to the Phalangists 长枪党党员的，与长枪党党员有关的 [PHALANGE]

phalanx /ˈfælæŋks/ n. (pl. phalanxes or phalanges /fəˈlæn(d)ʒi:z/)  1 Gk Antiq.  a line of battle, esp. a body of Macedonian infantry drawn up in close order [古希腊]方阵(尤指马其顿步兵的密集队形) 2  a set of people etc. forming a compact mass, or banded for a common purpose 密集的人群；(为共同目标)聚集在一起的人群 3  a bone of the finger or toe 指骨；趾骨 4 Bot.  a bundle of stamens united by filaments 【植】雄蕊束 [Latin from Greek phalagx -ggos]

phalarope /ˈfælərəʊp/ n.  any small wading or swimming bird of the subfamily Phalaropodidae, with a straight bill and lobed feet (瓣蹼鹬亚科的)瓣蹼鹬 [French from modern Latin Phalaropus, formed irregularly from Greek phalaris ‘coot’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

phalli pl.  of PHALLUS  

phallic /ˈfælik/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or resembling a phallus 生殖器的，与生殖器相关的，像生殖器的 2 Psychol.  denoting the stage of male sexual development characterized by preoccupation with the genitals 【心】男孩生殖器期的，性器期的 □ phallically  adv.   [French phallique & Greek phallikos (as PHALLUS)]

phallocentric /fælə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  centred on the phallus or on male attitudes 以生殖器为中心的；男权的 □ phallocentricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  □ phallocentrism  /-triz(ə)m/ n.  

phallus /ˈfæləs/ n. (pl. phalli /-lai, -li:/ or phalluses)  1  the (esp. erect) penis (尤指勃起的)阴茎 2  an image of this as a symbol of generative power in nature (视作生殖力象征的勃起的)阴茎形象 □ phallicism  /-lisiz(ə)m/ n.  □ phallism  n.  生殖器崇拜 [Late Latin from Greek phallos]

phanariot /fəˈnæriət/ n. hist.  a member of a class of Greek officials in Constantinople under the Ottoman Empire [史义]法纳尔人(奥斯曼帝国时期居住在君士坦丁堡地区任官职的希腊人) [modern Greek phanariōtēs from Phanar, the part of the city where they lived, from Greek phanarion ‘lighthouse (on the Golden Horn)’]

phanerogam /ˈfæn(ə)rə(ʊ)ɡæm/ n. Bot.  a plant that has stamens and pistils, a flowering plant (cf. 参见 CRYPTOGAM) 【植】显花植物 □ phanerogamic  /-ˈɡæmik/ adj.  □ phanerogamous  /-ˈrɒɡəməs/ adj.   [French phanérogame, from Greek phaneros ‘visible’ + gamos ‘marriage’]

phantasize var.  of FANTASIZE  FANTASIZE 的变体

phantasm /ˈfæntæz(ə)m/ n.  1  an illusion, a phantom 幻觉，幻影 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an illusory likeness 幻景，幻象 3  a supposed vision of an absent (living or dead) person 幽灵，鬼魂 □ phantasmal  /-ˈtæzm(ə)l/ adj.  □ phantasmic  /-ˈtæzmik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French fantasme and Latin from Greek phantasma, from phantazō ‘make visible’ from phainō ‘show’]

phantasmagoria /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒriə, -ɡɔ:r-/ n.  1  a shifting series of real or imaginary figures as seen in a dream (梦中常见真实或想像的)一连串变化无常的幻觉，梦幻景象 2  an optical device for rapidly varying the size of images on a screen (使屏幕上的形象大小迅速变化的)光学装置，魔术幻灯 □ phantasmagoric  /-ˈɡɒrik/ adj.  □ phantasmagorical  /-ˈɡɒrik(ə)l/ adj.   [probably from French fantasmagorie (as PHANTASM + fanciful ending)]

phantast var.  of FANTAST  FANTAST 的变体

phantasy var.  of FANTASY  FANTASY 的变体

phantom /ˈfæntəm/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a ghost; an apparition; a spectre 幽灵，鬼魂，妖怪 2  a form without substance or reality; a mental illusion 幻觉；幻影 3 Med.  a model of the whole or part of the body used to practise or demonstrate operative or therapeutic methods 【医】(手术、治疗用的)人体模型 ●adj.  merely apparent; illusory 幻觉的，幻象的 [Middle English from Old French fantosme, ultimately from Greek phantasma (as PHANTASM)]

phantom circuit n.  an arrangement of telegraph or other electrical wires equivalent to an extra circuit 幻象线路，模拟线路

phantom limb n.  a continuing sensation of the presence of a limb which has been amputated 幻肢感(被截肢体依然存在的感觉)

phantom pregnancy n. Med.  the symptoms of pregnancy in a person not actually pregnant 【医】精神性假妊娠

Pharaoh /ˈfɛərəʊ/ n.  1  the ruler of ancient Egypt 古代埃及统治者 2  the title of this ruler (古代埃及统治者的称号)法老 □ Pharaonic  /fɛəreiˈɒnik/ adj.   [Old English via ecclesiastical Latin Pharao, Greek Pharaō, and Hebrew parˈōh from Egyptian pr-ˈo ‘great house’]

Pharaoh's ant n.  a small reddish ant, Monomorium pharaonis, native to warm regions and also a pest of heated buildings elsewhere 法老蚁，厨蚁(产自热带的一种小红蚂蚁)

Pharaoh's serpent n.  an indoor firework burning and uncoiling in serpentine form 法老蛇(一种室内烟火，燃烧时烟火似蛇形般展开)

Pharisee /ˈfærisi:/ n.  1  a member of an ancient Jewish sect, distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law, and commonly held to have pretensions to superior sanctity (cf. 参见 SADDUCEE) 法利赛人(古代犹太教的一派，以墨守传统礼仪并自诩圣洁而著称) 2  a self-righteous person; a hypocrite 自以为有道德的人，伪善者 □ Pharisaic  /færiˈseiik/ adj.  □ Pharisaical  /færiˈseiik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Pharisaism  /ˈfæriseiiz(ə)m/ n.   [Old English fariseus & Old French pharise, via ecclesiastical Latin pharisaeus and Greek Pharisaios from Aramaic p'rišayyɑˆ ‘separated ones’, from Hebrew pɑˉrûš ‘separated’]

pharmaceutical /fɑ:məˈsju:tik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or engaged in pharmacy 配药的，制药的，与药剂有关的 2  of the use or sale of medicinal drugs 药剂师的，药商的 □ pharmaceutically  adv.  □ pharmaceutics  n.   [Late Latin pharmaceuticus from Greek pharmakeutikos, via pharmakeutēs ‘druggist’ from pharmakon ‘drug’]

pharmacist /ˈfɑ:məsist/ n.  a person qualified to prepare and dispense drugs 药剂师

pharmacognosy /fɑ:məˈkɒɡnəsi/ n.  the science of drugs, esp. relating to medicinal products in their natural or unprepared state (尤指研究天然药物的)生药学 [Greek pharmakon ‘drug’ + gnōsis ‘knowledge’]

pharmacology /fɑ:məˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine that deals with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs 药理(药物)学(研究药物的用法、效用及作用模式) □ pharmacological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pharmacologically  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ pharmacologist  n.   [modern Latin pharmacologia (as Greek pharmakon ‘drug’, -LOGY)]

pharmacopoeia /fɑ:məkəˈpi:ə/ n.  1  a book, esp. one officially published, containing a list of drugs with directions for use 药典 2  a stock of drugs (一批)备用药品 □ pharmacopoeial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek pharmakopoiia, from pharmakopoios ‘drug-maker’ (as PHARMACOLOGY + -poios ‘making’)]

pharmacy /ˈfɑ:məsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the preparation and the (esp. medicinal) dispensing of drugs 制药，配药 2  a pharmacist's shop, a dispensary 药房，药店 [Middle English via Old French farmacie and medieval Latin pharmacia from Greek pharmakeia ‘practice of the druggist’, via pharmakeus from pharmakon ‘drug’]

pharos /ˈfɛərɒs/ n.  a lighthouse or a beacon to guide sailors 灯塔，航标灯 [Latin from Greek Pharos, the name of an island off Alexandria where a famous lighthouse stood]

pharyngo- /fəˈriŋɡəʊ/ comb. form  denoting the pharynx [构词成分]咽

pharyngotomy /færiŋˈɡɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an incision into the pharynx 咽切开(术)

pharynx /ˈfæriŋks/ n. (pl. pharynges /-ˈrin(d)ʒi:z/)  1 Anat. & Zool.  a membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the oesophagus 【解】【动】咽 2 Zool.  a part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in invertebrates 【动】(无脊椎动物的)咽部 □ pharyngal  /-ˈriŋɡ(ə)l/ adj.  □ pharyngeal  /-ˈdʒi:əl/ adj.  □ pharyngitis  /-ˈdʒaitis/ n.   [modern Latin from Greek pharugx -ggos]

phase /feiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinct period or stage in a process of change or development (变化或发展过程中的)阶段时期 2  each of the aspects of the moon or a planet, according to the amount of its illumination, esp. the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter (月亮、行星的)相，相位(尤指新月、上弦月、满月及下弦月) 3 Physics  a stage in a periodically recurring sequence, esp. of alternating electric currents or light vibrations 【物理学】(尤指交流电或光的) (周)相，相位 4  a difficult or unhappy period, esp. in adolescence (尤指青春期的)困难愁苦阶段 5  a genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration etc. (动物颜色等的)遗传性(或季节性)变化 6 Chem.  a distinct and homogeneous form of matter separated by its surface from other forms 【化】相，态 ●v. tr.  carry out (a programme etc.) in phases or stages 分阶段(或逐步)实行(计划等) □ in phase   having the same phase at the same time 同相的(地)；同步协调的(地)□ out of phase   not in phase 异相的(地)；不同步协调的(地)□ phase in (or out)   bring gradually into (or out of) use 分阶段逐步采用(淘汰)□ phasic  adj.   [French phase and earlier phasis, from Greek phasis ‘appearance’ from phainō phan- ‘show’]

phase rule n. Chem.  a rule relating numbers of phases, constituents, and degrees of freedom 【化】相律

phatic /ˈfætik/ adj. (of speech etc.) used to convey general sociability rather than to communicate a specific meaning, e.g. ‘nice morning, isn't it?’ (说话等)交际性的，应酬性的(如：早晨天气真好，是吗？ ) [Greek phatos ‘spoken’ from phēmi phan- ‘speak’]

ph.D. abbr. [缩略]  Doctor of Philosophy  [Latin philosophiae doctor]

pheasant /ˈfez(ə)nt/ n.  any of several long-tailed game birds of the family Phasianidae, originally from Asia (产自亚洲，雉科)野鸡，雉 [Middle English via Anglo-French fesaunt, Old French faisan, and Latin phasianus from Greek phasianos ‘(bird) of Phasis’, a river in Asia Minor]

pheasantry /ˈfez(ə)ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where pheasants are reared or kept 雉鸡饲养场

phenacetin /fiˈnæsitin/ n.  an acetyl derivative of phenol used to treat fever etc. 非那西汀，乙酰对氨苯乙醚(治疗发烧等的药物) [PHENO- + ACETYL + -IN]

phencyclidine /fenˈsaiklidi:n/ n  a piperidine derivative used as a veterinary anaesthetic and a hallucinogenic drug (abbr. 缩略 : PCP) 苯环己哌啶，天使粉(一种麻醉药和致幻剂)

pheno- /ˈfi:nəʊ, ˈfenəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1 Chem.  derived from benzene (phenol 苯酚 ; phenyl 苯基) 【化】苯，苯基 2  showing (phenocryst 显斑晶) 显出，表现 [Greek phainō ‘shine’ (with reference to substances used for illumination), ‘show’]

phenobarbitone /fi:nə(ʊ)ˈbɑ:bitəʊn, fen-/ n. (US [美] phenobarbital /-t(ə)l/)  a narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug used esp. to treat epilepsy 苯巴比妥(尤治癫痫的一种催眠药和镇定剂)

phenocryst /ˈfi:nə(ʊ)krist, ˈfen-/ n.  a large or conspicuous crystal in porphyritic rock 显斑晶，斑晶 [French phénocryste (as PHENO-, CRYSTAL)]

phenol /ˈfi:nɒl/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a white hygroscopic mildly acidic crystalline solid, used in dilute form as an antiseptic and disinfectant (also called 亦称作 carbolic) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H5OH (一种具有腐蚀性的、白色晶体状化合物，稀释后可用作防腐剂和消毒剂) 苯酚，石炭酸 2  any hydroxyl derivative of an aromatic hydrocarbon 羟基类化合物 □ phenolic  /fiˈnɒlik/ adj.   [French phénole from phène ‘benzene’ (formed as PHENO-) + -OL1]

phenolphthalein /fi:nɒlˈ(f)θæli:n, -ˈ(f)θeil-/ n. Chem.  a white crystalline solid used in solution as an acid － base indicator and medicinally as a laxative 【化】酚酞(一种白色晶体粉末，用作酸性指示剂，在医学上用作一种轻泻剂) [PHENOL + phthal from NAPHTHALENE + -IN]

phenom /ˈfinɒm/ n. US colloq.  an unusually gifted person, a prodigy [美口]天才，杰出人材 [abbreviation of PHENOMENON 2]

phenomena pl.  of PHENOMENON  

phenomenal /fiˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the nature of a phenomenon 现象的 2  extraordinary, remarkable, prodigious 非凡的，显著的，惊人的 3  perceptible by, or perceptible only to, the senses 感觉得到的，可知觉的 □ phenomenalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ phenomenally  adv.  

phenomenalism /fiˈnɒmin(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  the doctrine that human knowledge is confined to the appearances presented to the senses 现象论(认为人类知识仅为可感知的现象) 2  the doctrine that appearances are the foundation of all our knowledge 现象主义 □ phenomenalist  n. & adj.  □ phenomenalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

phenomenology /fiˌnɒmiˈnɒlədʒi/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  the science of phenomena as distinct from that of being (ontology) (和本体论截然不同的)现象学 2  a philosophical approach concentrating on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience 现象论(一种研究意识和直接经验对象的哲学方法) □ phenomenological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ phenomenologically  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ phenomenologist  n.  

phenomenon /fiˈnɒminən/ n. (pl. phenomena /-nə/)  1  a fact or occurrence that appears or is perceived, esp. one of which the cause is in question (出现的或被感知的事实或)现象(尤指起因可疑的现象) 2  a remarkable person or thing 杰出的人(或物) 3 Philos.  the object of a person's perception; what the senses or the mind notice 【哲】现象 [Late Latin from Greek phainomenon, neut. pres. part. of phainomai ‘appear’, from phainō ‘show’]■Usage 用法说明 The plural form of phenomenon, phenomena, is often used mistakenly for the singular. This should be avoided, i.e. This is a strange phenomenon is correct, as is many strange phenomena. phenomenon 的复数形式 phenomena 常被误用作单数。这种情况应该避免即 This is a strange phenomenon 是正确的；同样， many strange phenomena 也是正确的。 

phenotype /ˈfi:nə(ʊ)taip/ n. Biol.  a set of observable characteristics of an individual or group resulting from the interaction of its genotype with its environment 【生】表现型，表型(遗传和环境相互作用形成的个体和群体的可观察到的特征) □ phenotypic  /-ˈtipik/ adj.  □ phenotypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.  □ phenotypically  /-ˈtipik(ə)li/ adv.   [German Phaenotypus (as PHENO-, TYPE)]

phenyl /ˈfi:nail, ˈfenil/ n. Chem.  the monovalent radical C6H5 － formed from benzene by the removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】苯基 [PHENO- + -YL]

phenylalanine /fi:nailˈæləni:n, fenil-/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid widely distributed in plant proteins and essential in the human diet 【生化】苯(基)丙氨酸(植物蛋白质中所富含的，人类饮食中不可或缺的一种氨基酸) [PHENYL + ALANINE]

phenylketonuria /ˌfi:nailki:təˈnjʊəriə, -nil-, ˌfenil-/ n.  an inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine, ultimately leading to mental handicap if untreated 苯丙酮(酸)尿(一种先天性代谢异常，若不治疗可最终导致智力障碍) [PHENYL + KETONE + -URIA]

pheromone /ˈferəməʊn/ n.  a chemical substance secreted and released by an animal for detection and response by another usu. of the same species 信息素，外激素(动物分泌或释放的一种化学物质，能被通常是同类的其他成员察觉并作出反应) □ pheromonal  /-ˈməʊn(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek pherō ‘convey’ + HORMONE]

phew /fju:, fjʊ/ int.  an expression of impatience, discomfort, relief, astonishment, or disgust (表示不耐烦、不舒适、宽慰、惊讶或厌恶)咳，唷，哦 [imitative of puffing]

phi /fai/ n.  the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet (Φ ,ø) 希腊语的第 21 个字母(Φ ,ø) [Greek]

phial /ˈfaiəl/ n.  a small glass bottle, esp. for liquid medicine 小玻璃瓶，(尤指)小药水瓶 [Middle English via Old French fiole and Latin phiola phiala from Greek phialē, a broad flat vessel: cf. VIAL]

Phi Beta Kappa /ˌfai ˌbi:tə ˈkæpə/ n.  1 (in the US) an intercollegiate honorary society to which distinguished scholars may be elected (from the initial letters of a Greek motto, = philosophy is the guide to life) (美国)Φ BK 联谊会(美国优秀大学生及毕业生的荣誉组织；取自一希腊格言的首字母) 2  a member of this society Φ BK 联谊会会员

Phil /fil/   菲尔 [人名]

Phil. abbr. [缩略]  1  Philadelphia  2  Philharmonic  3  Philippians (New Testament)  4  Philosophy 

phil- var.  of PHILO-  PHILO- 的变体

-phil var.  of -PHILE  -PHILE 的变体

philabeg var.  of FILIBEG  FILIBEG 的变体

Philadelphia /ˌfiləˈdelfiə/ n.  费城 [美国港市]

philadelphus /filəˈdelfəs/ n.  a highly-scented deciduous flowering shrub of the genus Philadelphus, esp. the mock orange 山梅花属植物(尤指山梅花) [modern Latin from Greek philadelphon]

philander /fiˈlændə/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  flirt or have casual affairs with women; womanize 调情，玩弄女性，追逐女性 □ philanderer  n.   [philander (n.), used in Greek literature as the proper name of a lover, from Greek philandros ‘fond of men’ from anēr ‘male person’: see PHIL-]

philanthrope /ˈfilənθrəʊp/ n.  a philanthropist (see 见 PHILANTHROPY) 慈善家，博爱主义者 [Greek philanthrōpos (as PHIL-, anthrōpos ‘human being’)]

philanthropic /filənˈθrɒpik/ adj.  loving one's fellow men; benevolent 博爱的，慈善的 □ philanthropically  adv.   [French philanthropique (as PHILANTHROPE)]

philanthropy /fiˈlænθrəpi/ n.  1  a love of humankind 博爱 2  practical benevolence, esp. charity on a large scale 慈善(尤指大规模施舍) □ philanthropism  n.  □ philanthropist  n.  □ philanthropize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin philanthropia from Greek philanthrōpia (as PHILANTHROPE)]

philately /fiˈlæt(ə)li/ n.  the collection and study of postage stamps 集邮(对邮票的收集和研究) □ philatelic  /ˌfiləˈtelik/ adj.  □ philatelically  /filəˈtelik(ə)li/ adv.  □ philatelist  n.   [French philatélie (as PHILO-), Greek ateleia ‘exemption from payment’, from a- ‘not’ + telos ‘toll, tax’, used to mean a franking mark or postage stamp exempting the recipient from payment]

-phile /fail/ comb. form (also 亦作 -phil /fil/)  forming nouns and adjectives denoting fondness for what is specified (bibliophile 藏书家 ; Francophile 亲法分子) [构词成分]构成名词及形容词，表示“亲”，“嗜”，“癖” [Greek philos ‘dear, loving’]

Philem. abbr.  Philemon (New Testament) [缩略] 《腓利门书》(《新约》)

philharmonic /filhɑ:ˈmɒnik/ adj.  1  fond of music 爱好音乐的，爱乐的 2  used characteristically in the names of orchestras, choirs, etc. 爱乐(特别用于交响乐团和唱诗班等的名字中)  Royal Philharmonic Orchestra  皇家爱乐乐团 [French philharmonique from Italian filarmonico (as PHIL-, HARMONIC)]

philhellene /ˈfilheli:n, filˈheli:n/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a lover of Greece and Greek culture 亲希腊的人，爱希腊文化的人 2 hist.  a supporter of the cause of Greek independence [史义]希腊独立运动的支持者 □ philhellenic  /-ˈli:nik/ adj.  □ philhellenism  /-ˈheliniz(ə)m/ n.  □ philhellenist  /-ˈhelinist/ n.   [Greek philellēn (as PHIL-, HELLENE)]

-philia /ˈfiliə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting (esp. abnormal) fondness or love for what is specified (necrophilia 恋尸狂) 表示(尤指不正常的)“爱”，“迷” 2  denoting undue inclination (haemophilia 血友病) 表示(不适当的)“癖好”，“倾向” □ -philiac  /-liæk/ comb. form  forming nouns and adjectives [构词成分]构成名词或形容词□ -philic  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词□ -philous  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Greek, from philos ‘loving’]

Philip /ˈfilip/   菲利普 [人名]

Philippa /ˈfilipə/   菲利帕 [人名]

philippic /fiˈlipik/ n.  a bitter verbal attack or denunciation 痛骂，抨击 [Latin philippicus from Greek philippikos, the name of Demosthenes' speeches against Philip II of Macedon and Cicero's against Mark Antony]

Philippine /ˈfilipi:n/ adj.  of or relating to the Philippine Islands or their people; Filipino 菲律宾(群岛)的，菲律宾人(语)的，有关菲律宾群岛(人、语)的 [from the name of Philip II of Spain]

Philippines   菲律宾

Philistine /ˈfilistain/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people opposing the Israelites in ancient Palestine (在古巴勒斯坦与以色列人发生冲突的)非利士人 2 (usu. 通常作 philistine)  a person who is hostile or indifferent to culture, or one whose interests or tastes are commonplace or material 讨厌文化的人，对文化冷漠的人，庸俗的人，市侩 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 philistine)  hostile or indifferent to culture, commonplace, prosaic 讨厌文化的，对文化冷漠的；平庸的，乏味的 □ philistinism  /-stiniz(ə)m/ n.   [Middle English via French Philistin or Late Latin Philistinus from Greek Philistinos = Palaistinos, from Hebrew pĕlištî]

Phillips /ˈfilips/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) propr.  denoting a screw with a cross-shaped slot for turning, or a corresponding screwdriver [商标]菲利普斯式十字螺丝；菲利普斯式十字螺丝刀 [name of the original US manufacturer]

phillumenist /fiˈlu:mənist, -ˈlju:-/ n.  a collector of matchbox labels 火花(即火柴盒贴花)收藏家 □ phillumeny  n.   [PHIL- + Latin lumen ‘light’]

Philly /ˈfili/ n. US slang  Philadelphia [美] [俚语]费城 [abbreviation]

philo- /ˈfiləʊ/ comb. form (also phil- before a vowel or h 在元音或 h 前亦作 phil-)  denoting a liking for what is specified [构词成分]表示“爱好”，“亲”

philodendron /filəˈdendrən/ n. (pl. philodendrons or philodendra /-drə/)  a tropical American climbing plant of the genus Philodendron (arum family) (海芋科)喜林芋属植物 [PHILO- + Greek dendron ‘tree’]

philogynist /fiˈlɒdʒinist/ n.  a person who likes or admires women 喜欢女子的人，爱慕女子的人 [PHILO- + Greek gunē ‘woman’]

philology /fiˈlɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of language, esp. in its historical and comparative aspects 语文学，尤指历史比较语文学 2  the love of learning and literature 对学问和文学的爱好 □ philologian  /-ləˈləʊdʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ philological  /-ləˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ philologically  /-ləˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ philologist  n.  □ philologize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [French philologie via Latin philologia ‘love of learning’ from Greek (as PHILO-, -LOGY)]

Philomel /ˈfilə(ʊ)mel/ n. (also 亦作 Philomela /filəˈmi:lə/) poet.  the nightingale [诗]夜莺 [earlier philomene from medieval Latin philomena via Latin philomela ‘nightingale’ from Greek philomēla: initial capital with reference to the myth of Philomela, an Athenian princess who was changed into a nightingale]

philoprogenitive /ˌfilə(ʊ)prə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitiv/ adj.  1  prolific 多产的，多子女的 2  loving one's offspring 爱子女的

philosopher /fiˈlɒsəfə/ n.  1  a person engaged or learned in philosophy or a branch of it 哲学家(从事或研究哲学或其分支的人) 2  a person who shows philosophic calmness in trying circumstances 贤达的人，豁达的哲人(在困难环境中贤明镇定的人) [Middle English from Anglo-French philosofre, variant of Old French philosophe, via Latin philosophus from Greek philosophos (as PHILO-, sophos ‘wise’)]

philosophers' stone n. (also 亦作 philosopher's stone)  the supreme object of alchemy, a substance supposed to change other metals into gold or silver 点金石

philosophical /filəˈsɒfik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 philosophic)  1  of or according to philosophy 哲学的，根据哲理的 2  skilled in or devoted to philosophy or learning; learned 通晓哲学的；献身哲学(或学习)的；博学的  philosophical society  哲学学会 3  wise; serene; temperate 智慧的，平静的，有节制的 4  calm in adverse circumstances (逆境中)泰然自若的 □ philosophically  adv.   [Late Latin philosophicus from Latin philosophia (as PHILOSOPHY)]

philosophize /fiˈlɒsəfaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  reason like a philosopher 哲学家似地推理 2 intr.  moralize 讲仁义道德，说教 3 intr.  speculate; theorize 沉思；讲大道理 4 tr.  render philosophic 使哲学化 □ philosophizer  n.   [apparently from French philosopher]

philosophy /fiˈlɒsəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the use of reason and argument in seeking truth and knowledge of reality, esp. of the causes and nature of things and of the principles governing existence, the material universe, perception of physical phenomena, and human behaviour 哲学 2  a  a particular system or set of beliefs reached by this 哲学体系b  a personal rule of life 人生观，人生哲学 3  advanced learning in general 高等学问(术)  doctor of philosophy  哲学博士 4  serenity; calmness; conduct governed by a particular philosophy 平静，镇静，哲人态度 [Middle English from Old French filosofie via Latin philosophia ‘wisdom’ from Greek (as PHILO-, sophos ‘wise’)]

philtre /ˈfiltə/ n. (US [美] philter)  a drink supposed to excite sexual love in the drinker 催情药，春药 [French philtre via Latin philtrum from Greek philtron, from phileō ‘to love’]

-phily /fili/ comb. form [构词成分]  = -PHILIA 

phimosis /faiˈməʊsis/ n.  a constriction of the foreskin, making it difficult to retract 包茎，包皮过长 □ phimotic  /-ˈmɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, = muzzling]

phiz /fiz/ n. (also 亦作 phizog /ˈfizɒɡ/) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  the face 脸，面孔 2  the expression on a face 面容，面部表情 [abbreviation of phiznomy = PHYSIOGNOMY]

phlebitis /fliˈbaitis/ n.  inflammation of the walls of a vein 静脉炎 □ phlebitic  /-ˈbitik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from phleps phlebos ‘vein’]

phlebotomy /fliˈbɒtəmi/ n.  1  the surgical opening or puncture of a vein 静脉切开(或刺穿)术 2 esp. hist.  bloodletting as a medical treatment [尤史义]放血术 □ phlebotomist  n.  □ phlebotomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French flebothomi and Late Latin phlebotomia from Greek, from phleps phlebos ‘vein’ + -TOMY]

phlegm /flem/ n.  1  the thick viscous substance secreted by the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages, discharged by coughing 痰 2  phlegmatic character or behaviour 冷漠；迟钝 3 hist.  one of the four bodily humours, characterized as cold and moist, and associated with a calm, stolid or apathetic temperament (see 见 HUMOUR n. 5) [史义]人体四种体液之一(具此体液者多冷淡、伤感，有一种冷静、迟钝、冷漠的气质) □ phlegmy  adj.   [Middle English & Old French fleume via Late Latin phlegma from Greek phlegma -atos ‘inflammation’, from phlegō ‘burn’]

phlegmatic /fleɡˈmætik/ adj.  stolidly calm; unexcitable, unemotional 迟钝的；不冲动的，冷漠的 □ phlegmatically  adv.  

phloem /ˈfləʊem/ n. Bot.  the tissue conducting food material in plants (cf. 参见 XYLEM) 【植】韧皮部，韧皮组织(植物的食物传导组织) [Greek phloos ‘bark’]

phlogiston /fləˈdʒistən, -ˈɡist-/ n. hist.  a substance formerly supposed to exist in all combustible bodies, and to be released in combustion [史义]燃素(原来假设存在于所有燃烧物质中的一种物质，在燃烧中被释放出来) [modern Latin from Greek phlogizō ‘set on fire’, from phlox phlogos ‘flame’]

phlox /flɒks/ n.  any cultivated plant of the genus Phlox, with scented clusters of esp. white, blue, or red flowers (尤指开白、蓝、红花的)福禄考属植物 [Latin from Greek, the name of a plant (literally ‘flame’)]

Phnom Penh /ˈnɒmˈpen,pəˈnɔ:mˈpen/ n.  金边 [柬埔寨首都]

-phobe /fəʊb/ comb. form  forming nouns and adjectives denoting a person having a fear or dislike of what is specified (xenophobe 憎恶外国人的人) [构词成分]构成名词及形容词，表示“恐惧…的人”，“憎恶…的人” [French via Latin -phobus from Greek -phobos, from phobos ‘fear’]

phobia /ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal or morbid fear or aversion (不正常或病态的)惧怕，憎恶 □ phobic  adj. & n.   [-PHOBIA used as a separate word]

-phobia /ˈfəʊbiə/ comb. form  forming abstract nouns denoting a fear or dislike of what is specified (agoraphobia 恐旷症 ; xenophobia 恐外症) [构词成分]构成抽象名词，表示“恐惧”，“憎恶” □ -phobic  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Latin from Greek]

Phoebe /ˈfi:bi/   菲比 [人名]

phoebe /ˈfi:bi/ n.  any American flycatcher of the genus Sayornis (美洲的)东菲比霸鹟 [imitative: influenced by the name]

Phoenician /fəˈniʃ(ə)n, -ˈni:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a Semitic people of ancient Phoenicia in S. Syria or of its colonies 腓尼基人 ●adj.  of or relating to Phoenicia 腓尼基的，与腓尼基相关的 [Middle English via Old French phenicien and Latin Phoenicia, from Phoenice, from Greek Phoinikē ‘Phoenicia’]

phoenix /ˈfi:niks/ n.  1  a mythical bird, the only one of its kind, that after living for five or six centuries in the Arabian desert, burnt itself on a funeral pyre and rose from the ashes with renewed youth to live through another cycle 长生鸟(神话中的鸟，相传只有一只，它在阿拉伯沙漠中活了五六百年，自焚为灰后再生)，凤凰 2  a unique person or thing 独一无二的人(或物) [Old English & Old French fenix via Latin phoenix from Greek phoinix ‘Phoenician, purple, phoenix’]

pholas /ˈfəʊləs/ n.  a piddock, esp. of the genus Pholas (尤指海笋属) (软体)海笋 [modern Latin from Greek phōlas ‘that lurks in a hole’, from phōleos ‘hole’]

phon /fɒn/ n.  a unit of the perceived loudness of sounds 方(响度单位) [Greek phōnē ‘sound’]

phonate /fə(ʊ)ˈneit/ v. intr.  utter a vocal sound 发(音)，出声 □ phonation  /ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ phonatory  /ˈfəʊnət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Greek phōnē ‘voice’]

phone1 /fəʊn/ n. & v.  = TELEPHONE  [abbreviation]

phone2 /fəʊn/ n.  a simple vowel or consonant sound 音子，音素 [formed as PHONEME]

-phone /fəʊn/ comb. form forming nouns and adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成名词及形容词，表示 :  1  an instrument using or connected with sound (telephone 电话 ; xylophone 木琴) 使用或与声音相关的装置 2  a person who uses a specified language (anglophone 多种语环境中讲英语的人) 使用某种语言的人 [Greek phōnē ‘voice, sound’]

phone book n.  = TELEPHONE DIRECTORY 

phonecard /ˈfəʊnkɑ:d/ n. esp. Brit.  a card containing prepaid units for use with a cardphone [尤英]电话磁卡

phone-in n.  a broadcast programme during which the listeners or viewers telephone the studio etc. and participate (听众或观众可打电话参与的)直播节目

phoneme /ˈfəʊni:m/ n.  any of the units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another (e.g. p, b, d, t in the English words pad, pat, bad, bat) 音位，音素(如英语单词 pad 、 pat 、 bad 、 bat 中的 p 、 b 、 d 、 t) □ phonemic  /-ˈni:mik/ adj.  □ phonemics  /-ˈni:miks/ n.   [French phonème from Greek phōnēma ‘sound, speech’, from phōneō ‘speak’]

phonetic /fəˈnetik/ adj.  1  representing vocal sounds 语音的 2 (of a system of spelling etc.) having a direct correspondence between symbols and sounds (拼写等系统)音形一致的 3  of or relating to phonetics 语音学的，与语音学有关的 □ phonetically  adv.  □ phoneticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  □ phoneticist  /-sist/ n.  □ phoneticize  /-saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin phoneticus from Greek phōnētikos, from phōneō ‘speak’]

phonetics /fəˈnetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  vocal sounds and their classification 语音及其分类 2  the study of these 语音学 □ phonetician  /fəʊniˈtiʃ(ə)n, fɒn-/ n.  

phonetist /ˈfəʊnitist/ n.  1  a person skilled in phonetics 语音学家 2  an advocate of phonetic spelling 表音拼写论者(主张按发音拼字的人)

phoney /ˈfəʊni/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 phony) colloq. [口] ●adj. (phonier, phoniest)  1  sham; counterfeit 虚假的，伪造的 2  fictitious; fraudulent 杜撰的，欺诈的 ●n. (pl. -eys or -ies)  a phoney person or thing 冒充者，赝品 □ phonily  adv.  □ phoniness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

phonic /ˈfəʊnik, ˈfɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of sound; acoustic; of vocal sounds 声音的，声学的，语音的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  a method of teaching reading based on sounds 语音教授法 □ phonically  adv.   [Greek phōnē ‘voice’]

phono /ˈfəʊnəʊ/ attrib. adj.  designating a type of plug (and the corresponding socket) used with audio and video equipment, in which one conductor is cylindrical and the other is a central part that extends beyond it (音像设备上的)蜡筒(或盘)的 [abbreviation of PHONOGRAPH]

phono- /ˈfəʊnəʊ, ˈfɒn-/ comb. form  denoting sound [构词成分]表示“声”，“音” [Greek phōnē ‘voice, sound’]

phonogram /ˈfəʊnəɡræm/ n.  a symbol representing a spoken sound 音符

phonograph /ˈfəʊnəɡrɑ:f/ n.  1 Brit.  an early form of gramophone using cylinders and able to record as well as reproduce sound [英] (早期可录音、放音的)蜡筒(或盘)式留声机 2 N. Amer.  a gramophone [北美]留声机，唱机

phonography /fəˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  writing in esp. shorthand symbols, corresponding to the sounds of speech (尤指使用速记符号的)表音速记法 2  the recording of sounds by phonograph (留声机的)灌音 □ phonographic  /fəʊnəˈɡræfik/ adj.  

phonology /fəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of sounds in a language (某种语言的)音系学 □ phonological  /fəʊnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, fɒn-/ adj.  □ phonologically  /fəʊnəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li, fɒn-/ adv.  □ phonologist  n.  

phonon /ˈfəʊnɒn/ n. Physics  a quantum of sound or elastic vibrations 【物理学】声子(声音或弹性振动的量子) [Greek phōnē ‘sound’, on the pattern of PHOTON]

phony var.  of PHONEY  PHONEY 的变体

phooey /ˈfu:i/ int. colloq.  an expression of disgust or disbelief [口] (表示厌恶或不信)呸，啐 [imitative]

-phore /fɔ:/ comb. form  forming nouns meaning ‘bearer’ (ctenophore 栉水母 ; semaphore 旗语) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“负荷物”，“运载体” □ -phorous  /fərəs/ comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [modern Latin from Greek -phoros -phoron ‘bearing, bearer’, from pherō ‘bear’]

phoresy /fəˈri:si, ˈfɒrəsi/ n. Zool.  an association in which one organism is carried by another, without being a parasite 【动】传送，携播现象 □ phoretic  /fəˈretik/ adj.   [French phorésie from Greek phorēsis ‘being carried’]

phormium /ˈfɔ:miəm/ n.  a fibre-yielding New Zealand plant of the genus Phormium (agave family), esp. New Zealand flax, P. tenax 新西兰龙舌兰属植物，(尤指)新西兰麻 [modern Latin from Greek phormion, a species of plant]

phosgene /ˈfɒzdʒi:n/ n.  a colourless poisonous gas (carbonyl chloride), formerly used in warfare Chem. formula 化学分子式 : COCl2 光气，碳酰氯(一种无色的毒气，原来用在战争中) [Greek phōs ‘light’ + -GEN, with reference to its original production by the action of sunlight on chlorine and carbon monoxide]

phosphatase /ˈfɒsfəteiz/ n. Biochem.  any enzyme that catalyses the synthesis or hydrolysis of an organic phosphate 【生化】磷酸(酯)酶

phosphate /ˈfɒsfeit/ n.  1  any salt or ester of phosphoric acid, esp. used as a fertilizer (用作化肥的)磷酸盐(酯) 2  an effervescent soft drink containing a small amount of phosphate 磷酸果汁汽水 □ phosphatic  /-ˈfætik/ adj.   [French from phosphore PHOSPHORUS]

phosphene /ˈfɒsfi:n/ n.  the sensation of rings of light produced by pressure on the eyeball due to irritation of the retina 压眼闪光，光幻视(通过压迫眼球使视网膜兴奋从而感受到光环) [formed irregularly from Greek phōs ‘light’ + phainō ‘show’]

phosphide /ˈfɒsfaid/ n. Chem.  a binary compound of phosphorus with another element or group 【化】磷化物

phosphine /ˈfɒsfi:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless foul-smelling gas, phosphorus trihydride Chem. formula 化学分子式 : PH3 【化】磷化氢 □ phosphinic  /-ˈfinik/ adj.   [PHOSPHO- + -INE4, on the pattern of amine]

phosphite /ˈfɒsfait/ n. Chem.  any salt or ester of phosphorous acid 【化】亚磷酸盐(酯) [French (as PHOSPHO-)]

phospho- /ˈfɒsfəʊ/ comb. form  denoting phosphorus [构词成分]表示“磷”，“含磷的” [abbreviation]

phospholipid /fɒsfə(ʊ)ˈlipid/ n. Biochem.  any lipid consisting of a phosphate group and one or more fatty acids, including those forming cell membranes 【生化】磷脂

phosphor /ˈfɒsfə/ n.  1  = PHOSPHORUS  2  a synthetic fluorescent or phosphorescent substance esp. used in cathode ray tubes (尤指用于阴极射线管的)磷光剂 [German from Latin phosphorus PHOSPHORUS]

phosphorate /ˈfɒsfəreit/ v. tr.  combine or impregnate with phosphorus 使与磷化合，使含磷

phosphor bronze n.  a tough hard bronze alloy containing a small amount of phosphorus, used esp. for bearings (尤指轴承用的)磷青铜

phosphorescence /fɒsfəˈres(ə)ns/ n.  1  radiation similar to fluorescence but detectable after excitation ceases 磷光(现象) 2  the emission of light without combustion or perceptible heat 发磷光 □ phosphoresce  v. intr.  □ phosphorescent  adj.  

phosphoric /fɒsˈfɒrik/ adj.  1 Chem.  containing phosphorus, esp. in its higher valency of five 【化】含磷的(尤指含五价磷的) 2  phosphorescent 发磷光的

phosphoric acid n.  a crystalline solid which has many commercial uses, e.g. in fertilizer and soap manufacture and food processing Chem. formula 化学分子式 : H3PO4 磷酸(可用于化肥、制皂、食品加工业)

phosphorite /ˈfɒsfərait/ n.  a non-crystalline form of apatite 磷钙土；磷灰岩

phosphorous /ˈfɒsf(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 Chem.  containing phosphorus, esp. in its lower valency of three 【化】含磷的(尤指含三价磷的)  phosphorous acid  亚磷酸 2  phosphorescent 发磷光的

phosphorus /ˈfɒsf(ə)rəs/ n. Chem.  a non-metallic element occurring naturally in various phosphate rocks and existing in allotropic forms, esp. as a poisonous whitish waxy substance burning slowly at ordinary temperatures and so appearing luminous in the dark, and a reddish form used in matches, fertilizers, etc. (symbol 符 P) 【化】磷 [Latin, = morning star, from Greek phōsphoros, from phōs ‘light’ + -phoros ‘-bringing’]

phosphorylate /fɒsˈfɒrileit/ v. tr. Chem.  introduce a phosphate group into (an organic molecule etc.) 【化】使(有机分子等)磷酸化 □ phosphorylation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

phossy jaw /ˈfɒsi/ n. colloq. hist.  gangrene of the jawbone caused by phosphorus poisoning [口] [史义]磷毒性颌疽(颌骨坏死) [abbreviation]

phot /fəʊt/ n.  a unit of illumination equal to one lumen per square centimetre 辐透，厘米烛光(照度单位，为 1 流明 /cm2) [Greek phōs phōtos ‘light’]

photic /ˈfəʊtik/ adj.  1  of or relating to light 光的；有关光的 2 (of ocean layers) reached by sunlight (海洋层)透光的

photism /ˈfəʊtiz(ə)m/ n.  a hallucinatory sensation or vision of light 光幻觉 [Greek phōtismos via phōtizō ‘shine’ from phōs phōtos ‘light’]

photo /ˈfəʊtəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  = PHOTOGRAPHn.  ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  = PHOTOGRAPHv.  [abbreviation]

photo- /ˈfəʊtəʊ/ comb. form denoting [构词成分]表示 :  1  light (photosensitive 光敏的) 光 2  photography (photocomposition 照相排版) 照相 [Greek phōs phōtos ‘light’, or as abbreviation of PHOTOGRAPH]

photobiology /ˌfəʊtəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the effects of light on living organisms 光生物学(研究光对活的有机物和生物过程的影响)

photocall /ˈfəʊtəʊkɔ:l/ n. Brit.  an occasion on which theatrical performers, famous personalities, etc., pose for photographers by arrangement [英] (演员或名人)接受媒体拍照的时间

photocell /ˈfəʊtəʊsel/ n.  = PHOTOELECTRIC CELL 

photochemical /fəʊtəʊˈkemik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the chemical action of light 光化学的，与光化学作用有关联的 □ photochemically  adv.  

photochemical smog n.  a condition of the atmosphere caused by the action of sunlight on pollutants, resulting in haze and high levels of ozone and nitrogen oxide 光化烟雾(光线与污染物质反应而产生的薄雾以及臭氧和氮氧化物水平增高的状况)

photochemistry /fəʊtəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the study of the chemical effects of light 光化学(研究光对化学体系的影响)

photochromic /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmik/ adj.  changing colour or shade reversibly in light of a particular frequency or intensity 光致变色的，光色的  photochromic lens  光致变色透镜 [PHOTO- + Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

photocomposition /ˌfəʊtəʊkɒmpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  = FILMSETTING 

photoconductivity /ˌfəʊtəʊkɒndʌkˈtiviti/ n.  conductivity due to the action of light 光电导性(率) □ photoconductive  /-kənˈdʌktiv/ adj.  □ photoconductor  /-kənˈdʌktə/ n.  

photocopier /ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpiə/ n.  a machine for producing photocopies 摄影复制机，光电(照相)复印机

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a photographic copy of printed or written material produced by a process involving the action of light on a specially prepared surface 摄影复制品，复印件 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make a photocopy of 摄影复制，复印 □ photocopiable  adj.  

photodegradable /ˌfəʊtəʊdiˈɡreidəb(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being decomposed by the action of light, esp. sunlight 可光(尤指日光)降解的

photodiode /fəʊtəʊˈdaiəʊd/ n.  a semiconductor diode responding electrically to illumination 光电(光敏)二极管

photoelectric /ˌfəʊtəʊiˈlektrik/ adj.  marked by or using emissions of electrons from substances exposed to light 光电(效应)的 □ photoelectricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  

photoelectric cell n.  a device using this effect to generate current 光电池

photoelectron /ˈfəʊtəʊilektrɒn/ n.  an electron emitted from an atom by interaction with a photon, esp. one emitted from a solid surface by the action of light (尤指受光作用后从固体表面射出的)光电子

photoemission /ˈfəʊtəʊimiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the emission of electrons from a surface by the action of light incident on it 光电(子)发射 □ photoemitter  n.  

photo finish n.  a close finish of a race or contest, esp. one where the winner is distinguishable only from a photograph 摄影定名次，摄影定终局(比赛结果十分接近，只有靠摄影来定胜负)

photofit /ˈfəʊtə(ʊ)fit/ n. Brit.  a reconstructed picture of a person (esp. one sought by the police) made from composite photographs of facial features (cf. 参见 IDENTIKIT) [英] (尤指警察要寻找某人而使用的)照片拼凑成像法

photogenic /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik, -ˈdʒi:n-/ adj.  1 (esp. of a person) having an appearance that looks pleasing in photographs (尤指人)上相的，上镜头的 2 Biol.  producing or emitting light 【生】发光的 □ photogenically  adv.  

photogram /ˈfəʊtəɡræm/ n.  1  a picture produced with photographic materials but without a camera 黑影(物影)照片(不用像机，而用感光材料制成的照片) 2 archaic  a photograph [古义]照片

photogrammetry /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈɡræmitri/ n.  the use of photography for surveying 摄影测量(勘察) □ photogrammetrist  n.  

photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  a picture formed by means of the chemical action of light or other radiation on sensitive film 照片，相片 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  take a photograph of (a person etc.) 给(某人等)拍照 2 intr.  appear (in a particular way) when in a photograph (以某种特殊方式)在照片上显示 □ photographable  adj.  □ photographer  /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ photographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ photographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

photographic memory n.  a memory allowing the recall of visual images with great accuracy 照相存储器

photography /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.  the taking and processing of photographs 摄影(术)

photogravure /ˌfəʊtəʊɡræˈvjʊə/ n.  1  an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in 凹版照相 2  this process 凹版照相印刷 [French (as PHOTO-, gravure ‘engraving’)]

photojournalism /fəʊtəʊˈdʒɜ:n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the art or practice of relating news by photographs, with or without an accompanying text, esp. in magazines etc. (尤指在杂志等上通过照片和附加或不附加书面注释来报导新闻的方法或做法)摄影图片报道 □ photojournalist  n.  

photolithography /ˌfəʊtəʊliˈθɒɡrəfi/ n. (also 亦作 photolitho /-ˈlaiθəʊ/)  lithography using plates made photographically 照相平版印刷(术) □ photolithographer  n.  □ photolithographic  /-θəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ photolithographically  /-θəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

photolysis /fə(ʊ)ˈtɒlisis/ n.  decomposition or dissociation of molecules by the action of light 光分解(作用) □ photolyse  /ˈfəʊtəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr.  □ photolytic  /-təˈlitik/ adj.  

photometer /fə(ʊ)ˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring light 测光仪，曝光表，光度计 □ photometric  /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ photometry  /-ˈtɒmitri/ n.  

photomicrograph /fəʊtəʊˈmaikrəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a photograph of an image produced by a microscope (通过显微镜拍摄到的)显微照片 □ photomicrography  /-ˈkrɒɡrəfi/ n.  

photomontage /ˌfəʊtəʊmɒnˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  1  the technique of constructing a montage from photographic images 集锦照相术 2  a composite picture so produced 合成照片

photomultiplier /fəʊtəʊˈmʌltiplaiə/ n.  an instrument containing a photocell and a series of electrodes, used to detect and amplify the light from very faint sources 光电倍增管

photon /ˈfəʊtɒn/ n.  a quantum of electromagnetic radiation energy (e.g. light), proportional to the frequency of radiation 光(量)子 [Greek phōs phōtos ‘light’, on the pattern of electron]

photonics /fəʊˈtɒniks/ n.  the branch of technology concerned with the properties and transmission of photons (e.g. in fibre optics) 光子学(研究光子在如纤维光学中的特性和传播的分支技术)

photonovel /ˈfəʊtəʊnɒv(ə)l/ n.  a novel told in a series of photographs with superimposed speech bubbles (用一组照片配以讲话文字的)摄影小说

photo-offset /fəʊtəʊˈɒfset/ n.  offset printing with plates made photographically 照相平版胶印(法)

photo op n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = PHOTO OPPORTUNITY 

photo opportunity n.  = PHOTOCALL 

photoperiod /ˈfəʊtəʊpiəriəd/ n.  the period of daily illumination which an organism receives 光周期(有机物每天接受阳光的时间) □ photoperiodic  /-iˈɒdik/ adj.  

photoperiodism /fəʊtəʊˈpiəriədiz(ə)m/ n.  the response of an organism to changes in the lengths of the daily periods of light 光周期性(现象) (生物体对日照时间长短变化产生的反应)

photophobia /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  an abnormal fear of or aversion to light 恐光症；畏光 □ photophobic  adj.  

photorealism /fəʊtəʊˈriəliz(ə)m/ n.  detailed and unidealized representation in art, esp. of banal, mundane, or sordid aspects of life 照相现实主义，超级现实主义(详细地，毫无理想化地反应生活，尤其是生活中平庸、世俗、肮脏的方面的艺术手法) □ photorealist  n.  □ photorealistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

photoreceptor /ˈfəʊtəʊriˌseptə/ n.  a structure in a living organism, esp. a sensory cell or sense organ, that responds to incident light (尤指感觉细胞或感觉器官的)光感受器

photosensitive /fəʊtəʊˈsensitiv/ adj.  reacting chemically, electrically, etc., to light 光敏的，感光的 □ photosensitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

photo session n.  a pre-arranged session in which a photographer takes photographs of a person for use in advertising etc. (为拍广告等而提前安排的)摄影时间

photosetting /ˈfəʊtəʊsetiŋ/ n.  = FILMSETTING  □ photoset  v. tr. (past and past part. -set)  □ photosetter  n.  

photo shoot n.  = PHOTO SESSION 

photosphere /ˈfəʊtəsfiə/ n.  the luminous envelope of a star from which its light and heat radiate 光球(层) □ photospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.  

photostat /ˈfəʊtə(ʊ)stæt/ n. & v. ●n. propr. [商标]  1  a type of machine for making photocopies 直接影印机 2  a copy made by this means 直接影印件 ●v. tr. (-statted, -statting)  make a photostat of 用直接影印机复制 □ photostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.  

photosynthesis /fəʊtəʊˈsinθisis/ n.  the process by which the energy of sunlight is used by organisms, esp. green plants, to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water (尤指绿色植物的)光合作用 □ photosynthesize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ photosynthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ photosynthetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.  

phototransistor /ˌfəʊtəʊtrænˈzistə, -trɑ:nˈzistə, -ˈsistə/ n.  a transistor that responds to incident light by generating and amplifying an electric current 光电晶体管

phototropism /fəʊtə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m, fəʊˈtɒtrəpiz(ə)m/ n.  the tendency of a plant etc. to bend or turn towards or away from a source of light (植物等的)向光性 □ phototropic  /-ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  

phototypesetter /fəʊtəʊˈtaipsetə/ n.  a machine for filmsetting 照排机，照相排字机 □ phototypeset  adj.  □ phototypesetting  n.  

photovoltaic /ˌfəʊtəʊvɒlˈteiik/ adj.  relating to the production of electric current at the junction of two substances exposed to light 光生伏打的；光电的

phrasal /ˈfreiz(ə)l/ adj. Gram.  consisting of a phrase 【语法】(含有)短语的，(含有)词组的

phrasal verb n.  an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and an adverb (e.g. break down) or a verb and a preposition (e.g. see to), or a combination of both (e.g. look down on) (含有动词及副词的)短语动词(如 break down) ；(含有动词及介词的)短语动词(如 see to) ；(含有动词、副词和介词的)短语动词(如 look down on)

phrase /freiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a group of words forming a conceptual unit, but not a sentence 短语；词组 2  an idiomatic or short pithy expression 成语，习语 3  a manner or mode of expression 表达方式  a nice turn of phrase  妙趣横生的表达方式 4 Mus.  a group of notes forming a distinct unit within a larger piece 【音】短句，乐句 ●v. tr.  1  express in words 用词语表达  phrased the reply badly  用词语回答能力太差 2 (esp. when reading aloud or speaking) divide (sentences etc.) into units so as to convey the meaning of the whole (尤指高声朗读或发言时为了便于表达)把(句子)分成短句 3 Mus.  divide (music) into phrases, esp. in performance 【音】(尤指在演奏中)把(乐曲)分成乐句 □ phrasing  n.   [earlier phrasis, via Latin from Greek, from phrazō ‘declare, tell’]

phrase book n.  a book for tourists etc. listing useful expressions with their equivalent in a foreign language (旅游者等使用的)外语常用语对照手册

phraseogram /ˈfreiziəɡræm/ n.  a written symbol representing a phrase, esp. in shorthand (尤指在速记中)表示短语的速记符号

phraseology /freiziˈɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a choice or arrangement of words 措词，用词 2  a mode of expression 表达方式 □ phraseological  /-ziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin phraseologia from Greek phraseōn, genitive pl. of phrasis PHRASE]

phreatic /friˈætik/ adj. Geol. 【地质】  1 (of water) situated underground in the zone of saturation; of or relating to groundwater (水)潜水层的；地下水的 2 (of a volcanic eruption or explosion) caused by the heating and expansion of underground water (火山喷发或爆发)由地下水汽化所引起的；由地下水膨胀所引起的 [Greek phrear phreatos ‘well’]

phrenic /ˈfrenik/ adj. Anat.  of or relating to the diaphragm 【解】膈的；与膈相关的 [French phrénique from Greek phrēn phrenos ‘diaphragm, mind’]

phrenology /friˈnɒlədʒi/ n. hist.  the study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental faculties [史义]颅相学 □ phrenological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ phrenologist  n.  

Phrygian /ˈfridʒiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of ancient Phrygia in central Asia Minor (小亚细亚中部古国)弗里吉亚人 2  the language of the Phrygians 弗里吉亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Phrygia or its people or language 弗里吉亚的；弗里吉亚人的；弗里吉亚语的

Phrygian bonnet n. (also 亦作 Phrygian cap)  an ancient conical cap with the top bent forwards, now identified with the cap of liberty 弗里吉亚软帽(古代一种锥形软帽，现如同自由帽)

Phrygian mode n. Mus.  the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale E － E 【音】弗里吉亚调式

phthalic acid /ˈfθælik/ n. Chem.  each of three isomeric dicarboxylic acids derived from benzene 【化】酞酸；(邻)苯二(甲)酸 □ phthalate  /-leit/ n.   [abbreviation of NAPHTHALIC: see NAPHTHALENE]

phthisis /ˈ(f)θaisis, ˈtai-/ n.  any progressive wasting disease, esp. pulmonary tuberculosis 痨病(尤指肺结核) □ phthisic  adj.  □ phthisical  adj.   [Latin from Greek, from phthinō ‘to decay’]

phut /fʌt/ n.  a dull abrupt sound as of an impact or explosion 啪(碰撞或爆炸声) □ go phut  colloq. (esp. of a scheme or plan) collapse, break down [口] (尤指阴谋或计划)垮掉，毁掉 [perhaps from Hindi phatnɑˉ ‘to burst’]

phycology /faiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of algae 藻类学 □ phycological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ phycologist  n.   [Greek phukos ‘seaweed’ + -LOGY]

phycomycete /faikəʊˈmaisi:t/ n.  any of various fungi which typically form a non-septate mycelium 藻菌 [Greek phukos ‘seaweed’ + modern Latin -mycetes from Greek mucēs mukētos ‘fungus’]

phyla pl.  of PHYLUM  

phylactery /fiˈlækt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small leather box containing Hebrew texts on vellum, worn by Jewish men at morning prayer as a reminder to keep the law (犹太教的)经文护符匣 2  an amulet; a charm 护身符；随身护符 3  a usu. ostentatious religious observance 假虔诚；假正经 4  a fringe; a border 边缘；界限 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin phylacterium from Greek phulaktērion ‘amulet’, from phulassō ‘guard’]

phyletic /faiˈletik/ adj. Biol.  of or relating to the development of a species or other group 【生】门的，种(线)系的 □ phyletically  adv.   [Greek phuletikos, via phuletēs ‘tribesman’ from phulē ‘tribe’]

Phyllis /ˈfilis/   菲利斯 [人名]

phyllo var.  of FILO  FILO 的变体

phyllo- /ˈfiləʊ/ comb. form  leaf [构词成分]叶 [Greek phullo- from phullon ‘leaf’]

phyllode /ˈfiləʊd/ n.  a flattened leaf-stalk resembling a leaf 叶状柄 [modern Latin phyllodium from Greek phullōdēs ‘leaflike’ (as PHYLLO-)]

phyllophagous /fiˈlɒfəɡəs/ adj.  feeding on leaves 食叶的

phylloquinone /failəʊˈkwinəʊn/ n.  one of the K vitamins, found in cabbage, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables, and essential for the blood-clotting process Also called 亦称作 vitamin K1 (存在于洋白菜、菠菜及其他多叶绿色蔬菜中，可作凝血药)叶绿醌

phyllotaxis /filə(ʊ)ˈtæksis/ n. (also 亦作 phyllotaxy /-ˈtæksi/)  the arrangement of leaves on an axis or stem 叶序(学) □ phyllotactic  adj.  

phylloxera /filɒkˈsiərə, fiˈlɒksərə/ n.  any plant-louse of (or formerly of) the genus Phylloxera, esp. Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, a pest of vines 根瘤蚜(尤指葡萄根瘤蚜害虫) [modern Latin, from Greek phullon ‘leaf’ + xēros ‘dry’]

phylogenesis /failə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 phylogeny /faiˈlɒdʒ(ə)ni/)  the evolutionary development and diversification of groups of organisms, or particular features of organisms 种系发生；系统发育 □ phylogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  □ phylogenetically  /-dʒiˈnetik(ə)li/ adv.  □ phylogenic  /-ˈdʒenik/ adj.   [Greek phulon, phulē ‘race, tribe’ + GENESIS]

phylum /ˈfailəm/ n. (pl. phyla /-lə/)  1 Biol.  a taxonomic rank below kingdom comprising a class or classes and subordinate taxa 【生】(生物分类中的)门 2 Linguistics  a group of languages related to each other less closely than those of a family 【语言学】语群(语系关系稍疏的一群语言) [modern Latin from Greek phulon ‘race’]

physalis /ˈfaisəlis, ˈfis-, faiˈseilis/ n.  any plant of the genus Physalis, bearing fruit surrounded by lantern-like calyxes (see 见 CHINESE LANTERN 2) 酸浆属植物 [Greek physallis ‘bladder’, with reference to the inflated calyx]

physic /ˈfizik/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  1  a medicine 药  a dose of physic  一剂药 2  the art of healing 医术 3  the medical profession 医业 ●v. tr. (physicked, physicking)  dose with physic 给…服药 [Middle English via Old French fisique ‘medicine’ and Latin physica from Greek phusikē (epistēmē) ‘ (knowledge) of nature’]

physical /ˈfizik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning the body 身体的  physical exercise  体育锻炼 physical education  体育 2  of matter; material 实物的；物质的  both mental and physical force  智力和体力 3  a  of, or according to, the laws of nature 自然规律的；根据自然规律的  a physical impossibility  自然法则上的不可能性b  belonging to physics 物理的；物理学的  physical science  自然科学 ●n. (in full 全称 physical examination)  a medical examination to determine physical fitness 体格检查 □ physicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ physically  adv.  □ physicalness  n.   [Middle English via medieval Latin physicalis from Latin physica (as PHYSIC)]

physical chemistry n.  the application of physics to the study of chemical behaviour 物理化学

physical education n.  instruction in physical exercise and games, esp. in schools (尤指学校里的)体育课

physical geography n.  geography dealing with natural features 自然地理(学)

physicalism /ˈfizik(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that all reality must eventually be expressible in the language of physics 【哲】物理主义 □ physicalist  n. & adj.  □ physicalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

physical jerks n. pl. Brit. colloq.  physical exercises [英口]体育锻炼

physical science n.  the sciences used in the study of inanimate natural objects, e.g. physics, chemistry, astronomy, etc. 自然科学(如物理、化学、天文等研究无生命的自然物体的学科)

physical training n.  exercises promoting bodily fitness and strength 体育锻炼

physic garden n.  a garden for cultivating medicinal herbs etc. 药材园

physician /fiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a person legally qualified to practise medicine and surgery 医生b  a specialist in medical diagnosis and treatment 内科医生c  any medical practitioner 开业医师 2  a healer 医治者  work is the best physician  工作是最好的治疗 [Middle English from Old French fisicien (as PHYSIC)]

physicist /ˈfizisist/ n.  a person skilled or qualified in physics 物理学家

physico- /ˈfizikəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  physical (and) 自然(和…)的 2  of physics (and) 物理(和…)的 [Greek phusikos (as PHYSIC)]

physico-chemical /ˌfizikəʊˈkemik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to physics and chemistry or to physical chemistry 物理和化学的；物理化学的

physics /ˈfiziks/ n.  the science dealing with the properties and interactions of matter and energy 物理学 [pl. of physic ‘physical (thing) ’, suggested by Latin physica, Greek phusika ‘natural things’ from phusis ‘nature’]

physio /ˈfiziəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a physiotherapist [口]理疗医生 [abbreviation]

physio- /ˈfiziəʊ/ comb. form  nature; what is natural [构词成分]自然，自然的 [Greek phusis ‘nature’]

physiocracy /fiziˈɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies) hist. [史义]  1  government according to the natural order, esp. as advocated by some 18th-c. economists (尤指 18 世纪一些经济学家提出的)自然法则政体 2  a society based on this 自然法则政体社会 □ physiocrat  /ˈfiziəkræt/ n.  □ physiocratic  /-iəˈkrætik/ adj.   [French physiocratie (as PHYSIO-, -CRACY)]

physiognomy /fiziˈɒ(ɡ)nəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the cast or form of a person's features, expression, body, etc. 面貌，相貌b  the art of supposedly judging character from facial characteristics etc. 相面术 2  the external features of a landscape etc. 地貌；外貌 3  a characteristic, esp. moral, aspect (尤指道德上的)特征 □ physiognomic  /-ziəˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ physiognomical  /-ziəˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ physiognomically  /-ziəˈnɒmik(ə)li/ adv.  □ physiognomist  n.   [Middle English fisnomie etc. from Old French phisonomie via medieval Latin phisonomia from Greek phusiognōmonia ‘judging of a man's nature’ (by his features) (as PHYSIO-, gnōmōn ‘judge’)]

physiography /fiziˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  the description of nature, of natural phenomena, or of a class of objects; physical geography 地文学；自然地理学 □ physiographer  n.  □ physiographic  /-ziəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ physiographical  /-ziəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ physiographically  /-ziəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [French physiographie (as PHYSIO-, -GRAPHY)]

physiological /ˌfiziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 physiologic)  of or concerning physiology 生理学的；生理机能的 □ physiologically  adv.  

physiological saline n.  a solution of salts that is isotonic with the body fluids 生理盐水

physiology /fiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the science of the functions of living organisms and their parts 生理学 2  these functions 生理机能 □ physiologist  n.   [French physiologie or Latin physiologia from Greek phusiologia (as PHYSIO-, -LOGY)]

physiotherapy /ˌfiziə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of disease, injury, deformity, etc., by physical methods including manipulation, massage, infra-red heat treatment, remedial exercise, etc., rather than by drugs or surgery (采用推拿、按摩、热疗、恢复性锻炼等方法的)物理疗法，理疗法 □ physiotherapist  n.  

physique /fiˈzi:k/ n.  the bodily structure, development, and organization of an individual 体格，体形  an undernourished physique  营养不良的体格 [French, originally adj. (as PHYSIC)]

-phyte /fait/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a vegetable or plantlike organism (saprophyte 腐生植物 ; zoophyte 植物形动物) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“植物”，“…型植物” □ -phytic  /ˈfitik/ comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词 [Greek phuton ‘plant’ from phuō ‘come into being’]

phyto- /ˈfaitəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a plant [构词成分]植物

phytochemistry /faitəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the chemistry of plant products 植物化学 □ phytochemical  adj.  □ phytochemist  n.  

phytochrome /ˈfaitəkrəʊm/ n. Biochem.  a blue-green pigment found in many plants, and regulating various developmental processes according to the nature and timing of the light it absorbs 【生化】(植物的)光敏色素 [PHYTO- + Greek khrōma ‘colour’]

phytogenesis /faitəʊˈdʒenisis/ n. (also 亦作 phytogeny /-ˈtɒdʒini/)  the science of the origin or evolution of plants 植物发生论；植物进化论

phytogeography /ˌfaitəʊdʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  the geographical distribution of plants 植物地理学

phytopathology /ˌfaitəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of plant diseases 植物病理学

phytophagous /faiˈtɒfəɡəs/ adj.  feeding on plants 食植物的

phytoplankton /ˈfaitəʊplæŋktən/ n.  the component of plankton consisting of microscopic plants 浮游植物群落

phytotomy /faiˈtɒtəmi/ n.  the dissection of plants 植物解剖学

phytotoxic /faitə(ʊ)ˈtɒksik/ adj.  poisonous to plants 对植物有害的

phytotoxin /faitəʊˈtɒksin/ n.  1  any toxin derived from a plant 植物毒素 2  a substance poisonous or injurious to plants, esp. one produced by a parasite (尤指由寄生虫引起的)对植物有害的物质

pi1 /pai/ n.  1  the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Π，π) 希腊语字母表的第 16 个字母(Π，π) 2 (as 作π)  the symbol of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter 圆周率 (approx. 近似值为 3.14159) [Greek: sense 2 from Greek periphereia ‘circumference’]

pi2 /pai/ adj. Brit. slang  pious [英] [俚语]虔诚的 [abbreviation]

pi3 US var.  of PIE3 [美] PIE3 的变体

piacular /paiˈækjʊlə/ adj. formal [正式]  1  expiatory 赎罪的 2  needing expiation 需赎罪的 [Latin piacularis, via piaculum ‘expiation’ from piare ‘appease’]

piaffe /piˈæf/ v. intr. (of a horse etc.) move as in a trot, but slower (马等)小步慢跑 [French piaffer ‘to strut’]

piaffer /piˈæfə/ n.  the action of piaffing 小步慢跑

pia mater /paiə ˈmeitə/ n. Anat.  the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord (see 见 MENINX) 【解】软脑(脊髓)膜 [medieval Latin, = tender mother, translation of Arabic al-'umm al-rakīka: cf. DURA MATER]

piani pl.  of PIANO2  

pianism /ˈpiəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  the art or technique of piano playing 钢琴演奏艺术(或技巧) 2  the skill or style of a composer of piano music 钢琴曲作者的技巧(或风格) □ pianistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ pianistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.  

pianissimo /piəˈnisiməʊ/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj.  performed very softly (演奏)非常轻的 ●adv.  very softly 非常轻地 ●n. (pl. -os or pianissimi /-mi/)  a passage to be performed very softly 非常轻地演奏的乐段 [Italian, superlative of PIANO2]

pianist /ˈpiənist/ n.  the player of a piano 钢琴演奏者；钢琴演奏家 [French pianiste (as PIANO1)]

piano1 /piˈænəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a large musical instrument played by pressing down keys on a keyboard and causing hammers to strike metal strings, the vibration from which is stopped by dampers when the keys are released 钢琴 [Italian, abbreviation of PIANOFORTE]

piano2 /ˈpjɑ:nəʊ/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 Mus.  performed softly 【音】(演奏)轻的，弱的 2  subdued 减弱的，降低的 ●adv.  1 Mus.  softly 【音】轻地，微弱地 2  in a subdued manner 减弱地，降低地 ●n. (pl. -os or piani /-ni/) Mus.  a passage to be performed softly 【音】轻声演奏的乐段 [Italian from Latin planus ‘flat’, (of sound) ‘soft’]

piano accordion n.  an accordion with the melody played on a small vertical keyboard like that of a piano 键盘式手风琴

pianoforte /piˌænəʊˈfɔ:ti/ n. Mus. formal or archaic  a piano 【音】[正式] [古义]钢琴 [Italian, earlier piano e forte ‘soft and loud’, expressing its gradation of tone]

pianola /piəˈnəʊlə/ n.  1 propr.  a kind of automatic piano; a player-piano [商标]自动钢琴；自动演奏钢琴 2 Bridge  an easy hand needing no skill 【桥牌】一手容易打的牌 3  an easy task 容易的事，轻而易举之事 [apparently diminutive of PIANO1]

piano nobile /pjɑ:nəʊ ˈnəʊbilei, 意 ˌpjano ˈno:bile/ n. Archit.  the main storey of a large house 【建】(大建筑物的)主要楼层 [Italian, = noble floor]

piano organ n.  a mechanical piano constructed like a barrel organ 手摇风琴

piano player n.  1  a pianist 钢琴演奏者；钢琴演奏家 2  a contrivance for playing a piano automatically 钢琴自动弹奏装置

piano trio n.  a trio for piano and two stringed instruments, usu. violin and cello (通常由钢琴和小提琴、大提琴两种弦乐器组成的)钢琴三重奏

piano-tuner n.  a person who tunes pianos for a living (职业的)钢琴调琴师

piassava /pi:əˈsɑ:və/ n.  1  a stout fibre obtained from the leaf-stalks of various American and African palm trees (产于美洲及非洲的棕榈树的)棕榈纤维，棕毛 2  any of these trees 纤维棕，棕树 [Portuguese from Tupi piaçɑˊba]

piastre /piˈæstə/ n. (US also [美亦] piaster)  a small coin and monetary unit of several Middle Eastern countries 皮阿斯特硬币；皮阿斯特货币(中东某些国家的货币单位) [French piastre from Italian piastra (d'argento) ‘plate (of silver)’, formed as PLASTER]

piazza /piˈætsə/ n.  1  a public square or market place esp. in an Italian town (尤指意大利城市的)公共广场；露天市场 2 US  the veranda of a house [美]阳台，门廊 [Italian, formed as PLACE]

pibroch /ˈpi:brɒk, -brɒx/ n.  a series of esp. martial or funerary variations on a theme for the bagpipes 风笛变奏曲 [Gaelic piobaireachd ‘art of piping’ via piobair ‘piper’ from piob, from English PIPE]

pic /pik/ n. colloq.  a picture, esp. a cinema film [口]照片；(尤指)影片 [abbreviation]

pica1 /ˈpaikə/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a unit of type size (1/6 inch) 十二点活字的字行长度(相当于 1/6 英寸) 2  a size of letters in typewriting (10 per inch) 十二点活字的字型(相当于每英寸 10 个字母) [Anglo-Latin pica, a 15th-c. book of rules about Church feasts, perhaps formed as PIE2]

pica2 /ˈpaikə/ n. Med.  the eating of substances other than normal food, such as earth or stones 【医】异食癖(如食土或石) [modern Latin or medieval Latin, = magpie]

picador /ˈpikədɔ:/ n. (in bullfighting) a person on horseback who goads the bull with a lance (斗牛时用长矛刺牛的)骑马斗牛士 [Spanish, from picar ‘prick’]

picaresque /pikəˈresk/ adj. (of a style of fiction) dealing with the episodic adventures of rogues etc. (小说风格)以流浪汉的冒险事迹为题材的 [French from Spanish picaresco, from pícaro ‘rogue’]■Usage 用法说明 Picaresque is sometimes used to mean ‘transitory’ or ‘roaming’, but this is considered incorrect in standard English. Picaresque 有时用于表示“暂时的”、“漫游的”，但在标准英语里此用法被视为不正确。 

picaroon /pikəˈru:n/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a  a rogue 无赖，流氓b  a thief 贼 2  a  a pirate 海盗b  a pirate ship 海盗船 [Spanish picarón (as PICARESQUE)]

picayune /pikəˈju:n/ n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  1  a small coin of little value, esp. a 5-cent piece (尤指五分的)小额硬币 2 colloq.  an insignificant person or thing [口]无足轻重的人；微不足道的事物 ●adj. colloq.  mean; contemptible; petty; trivial [口]平庸的；可鄙的；微小的；琐碎的 [French picaillon, a Piedmontese coin, also used to mean cash, from Provençal picaioun, of unknown origin]

piccalilli /ˈpikəlili, pikəˈlili/ n. (pl. piccalillis)  a pickle of chopped vegetables, mustard, and hot spices 辣泡菜 [18th c.: perhaps from PICKLE + CHILLI]

piccaninny /ˈpikənini/ n. & adj. (US [美] pickaninny) ●n. (pl. -ies) often offens.  a small black or Australian Aboriginal child [常冒犯]黑人小孩；澳洲土著小孩 ●adj. archaic  very small [古义]极小的 [West Indian creole from Spanish pequeño or Portuguese pequeno ‘little’]

piccolo /ˈpikələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a small flute sounding an octave higher than the ordinary one (比普通笛子的音调高的)短笛 2  a piccolo-player 短笛吹奏者 [Italian, = small (flute)]

pichiciago /pitʃiˈsjeiɡəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 pichiciego) (pl. -os)  a fairy armadillo, esp. Chlamyphorus truncatus 倭犰狳(尤指南美产的小型穴居犰狳) [Spanish pichiciego, perhaps from Guarani pichey ‘armadillo’ + Spanish ciego ‘blind’ from Latin caecus]

pick1 /pik/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  choose carefully from a number of alternatives 挑选，精选  picked the pink one  挑了这个粉红色的 picked a team  选了一个队 picked the right moment to intervene  挑合适的时刻介入 2  detach or pluck (a flower, fruit, etc.) from a stem, tree, etc. (从茎、树等上)采摘，采集(花、水果等) 3  a  probe (the teeth, nose, ears, a pimple, etc.) with the finger, an instrument, etc. to remove unwanted matter (用手指、器具等)掏，挖，探，剔(牙、鼻子、耳朵、脓疱等)b  clear (a bone, carcass, etc.) of scraps of meat etc. 剔(骨头等)；啃(鸟兽的尸体等) 4 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a person) eat (food, a meal, etc.) in small bits; nibble without appetite (人)一点一点地吃(食物、饭菜等)；无食欲小口小口地吃 5 (also absol. [亦含宾]) esp. N. Amer.  pluck the strings of (a banjo etc.) [尤北美]弹拨(班卓琴等) 6  remove stalks etc. from (esp. soft fruit) before cooking (烹调前)摘除，去掉(尤指水果的柄) 7  a  select (a route or path) carefully over difficult terrain on foot (在复杂地形上)挑选(路、道)b  place (one's steps etc.) carefully 小心翼翼地走(步等) 8  pull apart 扯开  pick oakum  扯开麻絮 9 (of a bird) take up (grains etc.) in the beak (鸟)啄(谷粒等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of picking 凿；掘；挖；扒；掏；剔 2  a  a selection or choice 挑选；选择b  the right to select 选择权  had first pick of the prizes  有权优先选择奖品 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the best 精华  the pick of the bunch  一批中的精华 □ pick and choose   select carefully or fastidiously 精挑细选；挑挑拣拣□ pick at   1  eat (food) without interest; nibble 无食欲地吃(食物)；一点一点地吃 2  = pick on 1 (see 见 PICK1) □ pick a person's brains   extract ideas, information, etc., from a person for one's own use 吸取他人的思想(或讯息等)为己所用□ pick a fight   = pick a quarrel □ pick holes (or a hole) in   1  make holes in (material etc.) by plucking, poking, etc. (用凿、戳等方法在物体等上)凿洞，戳洞 2  find fault with (an idea etc.) 挑…的毛病；对…吹毛求疵□ pick a lock   open a lock with an instrument other than the proper key, esp. with intent to steal (尤指企图偷窃而)撬开锁□ pick off   1  pluck (leaves etc.) off 摘除，摘掉(叶子等) 2  shoot (people etc.) one by one without haste 不慌不忙地逐个射杀(人等) 3  eliminate (opposition etc.) singly 逐个消除(反对派等) 4 Baseball  put out (a runner) by throwing the ball to a base 【棒球】把(跑垒者)封杀出局□ pick on   1  find fault with; nag at 找…的岔子；对…唠叨指责 2  select 挑选□ pick out   1  take from a larger number 选出，挑出  picked him out from the others  将他从其他人中挑选出来 2  distinguish from surrounding objects or at a distance 区别出，辨别出  can just pick out the church spire  只能辨别出教堂的尖顶 3  play (a tune) by ear on the piano etc. (凭听觉记忆在钢琴等上)弹奏(乐曲) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with) esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  highlight (a painting etc.) with touches of another colour 用对比色调使(画等)显眼b  accentuate (decoration, a painting, etc.) with a contrasting colour (用反差色)衬托(装饰品、画等)  picked out the handles in red  用红色突出把手 5  make out (the meaning of a passage etc.) 理解，了解(文章等的含义)□ pick over   select the best from 从…中选出最好的□ pick a person's pockets   steal the contents of a person's pockets 扒窃□ pick a quarrel   start an argument or a fight deliberately 寻衅，找岔□ pick to pieces   = take to pieces (see 见 PIECE) □ pick up   1  grasp and raise (from the ground etc.) (从地面等)捡起，抓起  picked up his hat  捡起他的帽子 2  gain or acquire by chance or without effort (偶然或不费力地)获得，得到  picked up a cold  不小心感冒了 picked up French easily  很容易就学会法语了 3  a  fetch (a person, animal, or thing) left in another person's charge (从他人处)取回(人、牲畜或东西)b  stop for and take along with one, esp. in a vehicle (尤指坐车时停下来)把(人或东西)带走  pick me up on the corner  在拐角处接我 4  make the acquaintance of (a person) casually, esp. as a sexual overture 与(某人)偶然结识(尤指性的交往) 5 (of one's health, the weather, share prices, etc.) recover, prosper, improve (健康、天气、股票价格等)恢复；好转；改善 6 (of a motor engine etc.) recover speed; accelerate (汽车发动机等)恢复速度；加速 7 (of the police etc.) take into charge; arrest (警察等)拘捕；逮捕 8  detect by scrutiny or with a telescope, searchlight, radio, etc. (用望远镜、探照灯、无线电等)发现；探测出  picked up most of the mistakes  发现了大部分错误 picked up a distress signal  探测出遇难信号 9  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  form or renew a friendship 建立友谊；重续友谊b  resume, take up anew 重新开始  pick up where we left off  从我们停止的地方重新开始 10 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 pick up the tab)  accept the responsibility of paying (a bill etc.) 承担支付(账单等)的责任 11 (作 refl.)  raise (oneself etc.) after a fall etc. (跌倒等后)使(自己等)爬起来 12  raise (the feet etc.) clear of the ground 抬起(脚等) 13 Golf  pick up one's ball, esp. when conceding a hole 【高尔夫球】(尤指输了一个球洞后)拾球□ take one's pick   make a choice 做选择□ pickable  adj.   [Middle English, earlier pike, of unknown origin]

pick2 /pik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long-handled tool having a usu. curved iron bar pointed at one or both ends, used for breaking up hard ground, masonry, etc. 镐；鹤嘴锄 2 colloq.  a plectrum [口] (弹奏弦乐器所使用的)琴拨 3  any instrument for picking, such as a toothpick 剔掏工具(如牙签) ●v. tr.  1  break the surface of (the ground etc.) with or as if with a pick (用鹤嘴锄或镐)挖，掘(土地等的表面) 2  make (holes etc.) in this way (用鹤嘴锄或镐)凿，扒(洞等) [Middle English, apparently variant of PIKE2]

pickaback var.  of PIGGYBACK  PIGGYBACK 的变体

pickaninny US var.  of PICCANINNY [美] PICCANINNY 的变体

pickaxe /ˈpikæks/ n. & v. (US [美] pickax) ●n.  = PICK2n. 1  ●v.  1 tr.  break (the ground etc.) with a pickaxe (用鹤嘴锄)凿，挖(地面等) 2 intr.  work with a pickaxe (用鹤嘴锄)挖掘 [Middle English pikois from Old French picois, related to PIKE2: assimilated to AXE]

pickelhaube /ˈpik(ə)l(h)aʊbə/ n. hist.  a German soldier's spiked helmet [史义] (德国士兵戴的)尖顶盔 [German]

picker /ˈpikə/ n.  1  a person or thing that picks something 采摘者；采摘机 2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person who gathers or collects something 采摘人；采集人  hop-picker  啤酒花采摘者 ragpicker  捡破烂的人

pickerel /ˈpik(ə)r(ə)l/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or pickerels)  a young pike 小狗鱼 [Middle English, diminutive of PIKE1]

picket /ˈpikit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person or group of people outside a place of work, intending to persuade esp. workers not to enter during a strike etc. (罢工等期间劝阻工人上班的)纠察队队员；纠察队 2  a pointed stake or peg driven into the ground to form a fence or palisade, to tether a horse, etc. (钉入地下作为拴牲口、篱栅等用的)尖木桩，尖板条 3 (also 亦作 picquet, piquet) Mil. 【军】  a  a small body of troops or a single soldier sent out to watch for the enemy, held in readiness, etc. 警戒队，警戒哨b  a party of sentries 步哨，哨兵c  an outpost 前哨d  a camp guard on police duty in a garrison town etc. 警卫 ●v. (picketed, picketing)  1  a tr. & intr.  station or act as a picket (派…)担任警戒哨b tr.  beset or guard (a factory, workers, etc.) with a picket or pickets 设置纠察队护卫(工厂、工人等) 2 tr.  secure with stakes 用尖木桩护围 3 tr.  tether (an animal) 拴住(牲口) □ picketer  n.   [French piquet ‘pointed stake’ via piquer ‘prick’, from pic PICK2]

picket line n.  a boundary established by workers on strike, esp. at the entrance to the place of work, which others are asked not to cross (尤指罢工时工厂门口设的)纠察线

pickings /ˈpikiŋz/ n. pl.  1  perquisites; pilferings 外快；不义之财  rich pickings  丰厚的外快 2  remaining scraps; gleanings 剩余物；搜集物

pickle /ˈpik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  food, esp. vegetables, preserved in brine, vinegar, mustard, etc. and used as a relish 腌渍食品；(尤指)腌菜，泡菜b  the brine, vinegar, etc. in which food is preserved (腌渍食品所用的)盐卤，醋渍液c US  a cucumber preserved thus [美]酸黄瓜 2 colloq.  a plight [口]困境  a fine pickle we are in!  我们陷入了怎样的一个困境！ 3 Brit. colloq.  a mischievous child [英口]调皮的孩子 4  an acid solution for cleaning metal etc. (清洗金属等用的)酸洗液 ●v. tr.  1  preserve in pickle (用盐卤或醋渍液)腌制，腌渍 2  treat with pickle 酸洗处理 3 (as 作 pickled adj.) slang  drunk [俚语]醉的 [Middle English pekille, pykyl, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel, of unknown origin]

pickler /ˈpiklə/ n.  1  a person who pickles vegetables etc. 腌制蔬菜(或食品等)的人 2  a vegetable suitable for pickling 适合腌制的蔬菜

picklock /ˈpiklɒk/ n.  1  a person who picks locks 撬锁者 2  an instrument for this 撬锁工具

pick-me-up n.  1  a tonic for the nerves etc. 兴奋剂 2  a good experience, good news, etc. that cheers 振奋人心的经历(或好消息等)

pickpocket /ˈpikpɒkit/ n.  a person who steals from the pockets of others 扒手，小偷 □ pickpocketing  n.  

pick-up n.  1 (in full 全称 pick-up truck)  a small open motor truck 小卡车，轻型货车 2  a device that produces an electrical signal in response to some other kind of signal or change, esp. 拾波器，尤指 :a  the part of a record player carrying the stylus (录音机的)唱头b  a device on a musical instrument which converts sound vibrations into electrical signals for amplification (电乐器的)拾音器 3 slang  a person met casually, esp. for sexual purposes [俚语] (尤指为性目的)偶然结识的人 4  the act of picking up, esp. of giving a person a lift 拾起，拣起；(尤指)搭便车 5  an increase in, or recovery of, speed or prosperity (速度或繁荣)加速；恢复 6 Mus.  a series of introductory notes leading into the opening part of a tune 【音】序曲 7 Fishing  a semicircular loop of metal for guiding the line back on to the spool as it is reeled in 【钓鱼】(导绕钓鱼线的)编补

Pickwickian /pikˈwikiən/ adj.  1  of or like Mr Pickwick in Dickens's Pickwick Papers, esp. in being jovial, plump, etc. 匹克威克的；匹克威克式的；(尤指)快乐戆直的(匹克威克为狄更斯小说《匹克威克外传》中的主人公) 2 (of words or their sense) misunderstood or misused, esp. to avoid offence (词语或其含义)曲解的；误用的(尤为了避免冒犯)

picky /ˈpiki/ adj. (pickier, pickiest) colloq.  excessively fastidious; choosy [口]吹毛求疵的；爱挑剔的 □ pickiness  n.  

pick-your-own adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of commercially grown fruit and vegetables) dug or picked by the customer at the place of production (商用水果和蔬菜)顾客就地采摘的

picnic /ˈpiknik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an outing or excursion taking a packed meal to be eaten out of doors 野餐 2  any meal eaten out of doors or without preparation, tables, chairs, etc. 野餐食品 3 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  something agreeable or easily accomplished etc. [口]令人愉快的事物；容易完成的事情  it was no picnic organizing the meeting  组织会议不是件轻松的工作 ●v. intr. (picnicked, picnicking)  take part in a picnic 参加野餐 □ picnicker  n.  □ picnicky  adj. colloq. [口]   [French pique-nique, of unknown origin]

pico- /ˈpi:kəʊ, ˈpaikəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 10-12 (picometre 10-12 米 / 微微米 ; picosecond 10-12 秒 / 微微秒) [构词成分]表示“万亿分之一，微微” (= 10-12) [Spanish pico ‘beak, peak, little bit’]

picot /ˈpi:kəʊ/ n.  a small loop of twisted thread in a lace edging etc. 花边小圈 [French, diminutive of pic ‘peak, point’]

picotee /pikəˈti:/ n.  a type of carnation of which the flowers have a light ground and dark-edged petals 花边香石竹 [French picoté -ée, past part. of picoter ‘prick’ (as PICOT)]

picquet var.  of PICKET  n. 3 PICKET 名词 3 的变体

picric acid /ˈpikrik/ n.  a very bitter yellow compound used in dyeing and surgery and in explosives 苦味酸(黄色化合物，用于印染、外科手术和炸药中) □ picrate  /-reit/ n.   [Greek pikros ‘bitter’]

Pict /pikt/ n.  a member of an ancient people of N. Britain 皮克特人(英国北部古代居民) □ Pictish  adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin Picti, perhaps from pingere pict- ‘paint, tattoo’]

pictograph /ˈpiktə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n. (also 亦作 pictogram /ˈpiktə(ʊ)ɡræm/)  1  a  a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase 象形文字b  an ancient record consisting of these 古代对象形文字所作的记录 2  a pictorial representation of statistics etc. on a chart, graph, etc. 统计图表 □ pictographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ pictography  /-ˈtɒɡrəfi/ n.   [Latin pingere pict- ‘paint’]

pictorial /pikˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or expressed in a picture or pictures 图片的；用图片表示的 2  illustrated 有插图的 3  picturesque 如画的 ●n.  a journal, postage stamp, etc., with a picture or pictures as the main feature 画报，画刊；图片邮票 □ pictorially  adv.   [Late Latin pictorius from Latin pictor ‘painter’ (as PICTURE)]

picture /ˈpiktʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a painting, drawing, photograph, etc., esp. as a work of art (尤作为艺术作品的)绘画；图画(或照片等)  picture frame  画框b  a portrait, esp. a photograph, of a person 人像(尤指照片)  does not like to have her picture taken  她不喜欢照相c  a beautiful object 美丽的物品  her hat is a picture  她的帽子好看极了 2  a  a total visual or mental impression produced; a scene 景象；印象；心中的形象；情景  the picture looks bleak  这种景象看起来很凄凉b  a written or spoken description (文字、口头)描述；描绘  drew a vivid picture of moral decay  生动描述了道德的沦丧 3  a  a film 电影b (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  a showing of films at a cinema 电影院放电影  went to the pictures  去电影院看电影c (in pl. 用复数)  films in general 电影(总称) 4  an image on a television screen (电视屏幕上的)图像 5 colloq. [口]  a esp. iron.  a person or thing exemplifying something [尤讽] (人或物的)化身；典型  he was the picture of innocence  他十分天真b  a person or thing resembling another closely (人或物)相似的形象  the picture of her aunt  跟她姑姑长得一模一样c iron.  a striking expression, pose, etc.; a comic or striking sight [讽]引人注目的表情(或姿势等)；滑稽(或引人注目)的情景  her face was a picture  她脸上表情滑稽 ●v. tr.  1  represent in a picture 用图片表示 2 (also 亦作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  imagine, esp. visually or vividly (尤指从视觉或形象地)想像；构想  pictured it to herself  她想像着这种情景 3  describe graphically 描绘，描述 □ get the picture  colloq.  grasp the tendency or drift of circumstances, information, etc. [口]了解情况(或信息等)□ in the picture   fully informed or noticed 熟知详情□ out of the picture   uninvolved, inactive; irrelevant 不知底细；不相干 [Middle English from Latin pictura, from pingere pict- ‘paint’]

picture book n.  a book containing many illustrations 图画书，画册

picture card n.  a court card 带人头的牌(纸牌中的 K 、 Q 、 J)

picture frame n.  a frame made to hold a picture 画框

picture gallery n.  a place containing an exhibition or collection of pictures 画廊；美术馆

picturegoer /ˈpiktʃəɡəʊə/ n.  a person who frequents the cinema 电影迷(常去电影院看电影的人)

picture hat n.  a woman's wide-brimmed highly decorated hat as in pictures by 18th-c. English painters such as Reynolds and Gainsborough (见于英国 18 世纪画家雷诺兹、庚斯博罗绘画中的)阔边花式女帽

picture-moulding n.  1  woodwork etc. used for framing pictures (用作画框的)木框(或金属框等) 2  a rail on a wall used for hanging pictures from 挂镜线，画镜线

picture palace n. Brit. archaic  a cinema [英古义]电影院

picture postcard n.  a postcard with a picture on one side 美术明信片(印有照片或图画的明信片)

picture rail n.  a horizontal rail on a wall for hanging pictures from 画镜线，挂镜线

picturesque /piktʃəˈresk/ adj.  1 (of landscape etc.) beautiful or striking, as in a picture (风景等)如画的，悦目的 2 (of language etc.) strikingly graphic; vivid (语言等)生动的；栩栩如生的 □ picturesquely  adv.  □ picturesqueness  n.   [French pittoresque via Italian pittoresco, from pittore ‘painter’, from Latin (as PICTORIAL): assimilated to PICTURE]

picture theatre  see 见 THEATRE 1b 

picture window n.  a very large window consisting of one pane of glass, usu. facing an attractive view (大块玻璃制成的)观景窗

picture-writing n.  a mode of recording events etc. by pictorial symbols as in early hieroglyphics etc. (象形文字早期的)图画记载法

piddle /ˈpid(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 colloq.  urinate (used esp. to or by children) (尤用于小孩或小孩自己使用的词) [口]小便，尿尿 2  work or act in a trifling way 做事懒散；行动拖拉 3 (as 作 piddling adj.) colloq.  trivial; trifling [口]琐碎的；微不足道的 ●n. colloq. (used esp. to or by children) [口] (尤用于小孩或小孩自己使用的词)  1  an act of urinating 小便，尿尿 2  urine 尿 □ piddler  n.   [noun and sense 1 of verb probably from PISS + PUDDLE: senses 2 and 3 of the verb perhaps from PEDDLE]

piddock /ˈpidək/ n.  any rock-boring bivalve mollusc of the family Pholadidae, used for bait (用作饵食的)海笋，穿石贝 [19th c.: origin unknown]

pidgin /ˈpidʒin/ n.  a simplified language containing vocabulary from two or more languages, used for communication between people not having a common language (说不同语言的人之间交往使用的)混杂语，洋泾滨语 [corruption of business]

pidgin English n.  a pidgin in which the chief language is English, used originally between Chinese and Europeans (中国人与欧洲人之间的)混杂英语，洋泾滨英语

pi-dog var.  of PYE-DOG  PYE-DOG 的变体

pie1 /pai/ n.  1  a baked dish of meat, fish, fruit, etc., usu. with a top and base of pastry 馅饼 2  anything resembling a pie in form 馅饼状事物  a mud pie  泥饼 □ easy as pie  colloq.  very easy [口]极容易□ pie in the sky  colloq.  an unrealistic prospect of future happiness after present suffering; a misleading promise [口]渺无希望的期盼；误导性的承诺 [Middle English, perhaps = PIE2, from miscellaneous contents compared to objects collected by a magpie]

pie2 /pai/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a magpie 喜鹊 2  a pied animal 杂色动物 [Middle English via Old French from Latin pica ‘magpie’]

pie3 /pai/ n. & v. (US [美] pi) ●n.  1  a confused mass of printers' type 混杂的活字 2  chaos 混乱 ●v. tr. (pieing)  muddle up (type) 弄乱(字体) [perhaps translation of French PÂTÉ = PIE1]

pie4 /pai/ n. hist.  a former monetary unit of India equal to one-twelfth of an anna [史义]派(印度旧货币单位，一派等于 1/12 安那) [Hindustani etc. pɑˉ'ī from Sanskrit pad, padī ‘quarter’]

piebald /ˈpaibɔ:ld/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. of an animal, esp. a horse) having irregular patches of two colours, esp. black and white (通常指动物，尤指马)黑白斑的 2  motley; mongrel 花斑的；杂种的 ●n.  a piebald animal, esp. a horse 花斑动物(尤指马) [as PIE2, BALD]

piece /pi:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  one of the distinct portions forming part of or broken off from a larger object; a bit; a part 碎块；断片；小段；部分  a piece of string  一段绳b  each of the parts of which a set or category is composed (组成一组或一类的)一部分  a five-piece band  五人乐队 a piece of furniture  一件家具 2  a coin of specified value (某种币值的)硬币  50p piece  50 便士的硬币 3  a  a usu. short literary or musical composition or a picture (通常简短的)文学作品；音乐作品；图片b  a theatrical play 舞台剧本 4  an item, instance, or example 项；桩；例  a piece of impudence  一桩无礼的事 a piece of news  一则消息 5  a  any of the objects used to make moves in board games 棋子b  a chessman (strictly, other than a pawn) (严格说来卒以外的)棋子 6  a definite quantity in which a thing is sold (定量货物的)件；匹；桶 7 (often foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an enclosed portion (of land etc.) (土地等的)一块 8 slang offens.  a woman [俚语] [冒犯]女人 9 (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  a share in, involvement in; a financial share or investment in [口]股份  has a piece of the new production  拥有新产品的一份股份 10 esp. N. Amer. slang  a portable firearm; a handgun [尤北美] [俚语] (便于携带的)枪炮；手枪 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 together)  form into a whole; put together; join 拼合；拼凑；拼连  finally pieced his story together  最终将他的故事拼凑起来 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  a  eke out 弥补b  form (a theory etc.) by combining parts etc. 串成(理论等) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  patch 给…打补钉 4  join (threads) in spinning (纺纱中)接(线) □ break to pieces   break into fragments (使)成为碎片□ by the piece  (paid) according to the quantity of work done 计件(偿付)□ go to pieces   collapse emotionally; suffer a breakdown 精神崩溃□ in one piece   1  unbroken 未碎的 2  unharmed 未受伤的□ in pieces   broken 破碎了的□ of a piece  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  uniform, consistent, in keeping 与…一致的□ a piece of the action  slang [俚语]  1  a share in the profits accruing from something 一份好处 2  a share in the excitement 一份激动□ a piece of cake   see 见 CAKE □ a piece of one's mind   a sharp rebuke or lecture 严厉责备，训斥□ say one's piece   give one's opinion or make a prepared statement 发表意见；提出陈述□ take to pieces   1  break up or dismantle 打碎；把…拆散 2  criticize harshly 严厉批评□ piecer  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)   [Middle English via Anglo-French pece, Old French piece from Romanic, probably of Gaulish origin]

piece-goods n. pl.  fabrics, esp. Lancashire cottons, woven in standard lengths (尤指兰开夏棉织成的)布匹

piecemeal /ˈpi:smi:l/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  piece by piece; gradually 一件一件地；逐渐地 ●adj.  partial; gradual; unsystematic 部分的；逐渐的；零碎的 [Middle English, from PIECE + -meal from Old English mœˉlum (instrumental dative pl. of mœˉl MEAL1)]

piece of eight n. hist.  a Spanish dollar, equivalent to 8 reals [史义] 8 里亚尔金币，西班牙金币

piece of goods n. Brit. archaic slang offens.  a woman [英古义] [俚语] [冒犯]女人

piece of water n.  a small lake etc. 小片水域

piece of work n.  a thing made by working (cf. 参见 nasty piece of work) 做出的一件东西

piece-rate n.  a rate of payment for piecework 计件工资

piecework /ˈpi:swɜ:k/ n.  work paid for by the amount produced 计件工作

pie chart n.  a circle divided into sectors to represent relative quantities (用圆的扇形图面积表示相对量的)饼分图，圆形分析图

piecrust /ˈpaikrʌst/ n.  the baked pastry crust of a pie 馅饼面皮

piecrust table n.  a table with an indented edge like a piecrust (馅饼面皮式的)饰边桌

pied /paid/ adj.  particoloured 杂色的，斑驳的 [Middle English from PIE2]

piedmont /ˈpi:dmɒnt/ n.  a gentle slope leading from the foot of mountains to a region of flat land 山麓地区，山脚地区 [Italian piemonte ‘mountain foot’, the name of a region at the foot of the Alps]

pie-dog var.  of PYE-DOG  PYE-DOG 的变体

Pied Piper n.  a person enticing followers, esp. to their doom (尤指诱使追随者走向灭亡的)花衣魔笛手

pied wagtail n.  a small black and white wagtail, of a race of Motacilla alba found mainly in the British Isles 黑白小鹡鸰(产于不列颠群岛，属白鹡鸰亚种)

pied-à-terre /pjeidɑ:ˈtɛə/ n. (pl. pieds-à-terre pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a usu. small flat, house, etc. kept for occasional use (通常为小型的)临时住所 [French, literally ‘foot to earth’]

pie-eater n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  a person of little account 无足轻重的人

pie-eyed adj. slang  drunk [俚语]喝醉了的

pieman /ˈpaimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a pie seller 卖馅饼的人

pier /piə/ n.  1  a  a structure of iron or wood raised on piles and leading out to sea, a lake, etc., used as a promenade and landing stage, and Brit. often with entertainment arcades etc. (伸入海、湖等中的)码头(在英国常作娱乐拱廊)b  a breakwater; a mole 防波堤；突堤 2  a  a support of an arch or of the span of a bridge; a pillar 支墩；支柱b  solid masonry between windows etc. 窗间壁，扶壁 3  a long narrow structure projecting from the main body of an airport terminal, along which passengers walk to and from their aircraft (候机楼的)登机走廊，旅客桥 [Middle English per from Anglo-Latin pera, of unknown origin]

pierce /piəs/ v.  1 tr.  a (of a sharp instrument etc.) penetrate the surface of (尖物等)刺入(表面)b (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  prick with a sharp instrument, esp. to make a hole in (用尖物)扎眼，(尤指)穿孔c  make a hole, opening, or tunnel into or through (something), bore through 在(某物上)钻洞；挖通道d  make (a hole etc.) 打洞(或孔等)  pierced a hole in the belt  在带子上打洞e (of cold, grief, etc.) affect keenly or sharply (寒冷、忧伤等)强烈地影响，深深地打动f (of a light, glance, sound, etc.) penetrate keenly or sharply (光、目光、声音等)穿透，钻进 2 intr. (as 作 piercing adj.) (of a glance, intuition, high noise, bright light, etc.) keen, sharp, or unpleasantly penetrating (目光、直觉、高声、亮光等)锐利的；敏锐的；刺耳的；刺眼的 3 tr.  force a way etc. through or into (something); break through or into 穿入，突破(某物)  pierced the German line  突破德国人防线 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through, into)  penetrate 穿过，穿进 □ piercer  n.  钻孔机；冲床□ piercingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French percer from Latin pertundere ‘bore through’ (as PER-, tundere tus- ‘thrust’)]

pier glass n.  a large mirror, used originally to fill wall-space between windows 窗间镜，大穿衣镜

pierrot /ˈpiərəʊ, ˈpjerəʊ/ n. (fem. pierrette /piəˈret, pjeˈret/) Theatr. 【戏】  1  a white-faced entertainer in pier shows etc. with a loose white clown's costume (涂白脸、身穿白短褂子的)专业小丑 2  a French pantomime character so dressed (穿白短褂子的)法国哑剧演员 [French, diminutive of Pierre ‘Peter’]

pietas /ˈpaiətɑ:s, pi:ˈeitɑ:s/ n.  respect due to an ancestor, a forerunner, etc. (对祖先、先驱等的)敬重，尊敬 [Latin: see PIETY]

pietism /ˈpaiətiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  pious sentiment 虔诚，虔敬b  an exaggerated or affected piety 过分的虔诚，虚假的虔诚 2 (esp. as 尤作 Pietism) hist.  a movement for the revival of piety in the Lutheran Church in the 17th c. [史义]虔诚派，虔敬派 (17 世纪路德宗教会的一个教派) □ pietist  n.  □ pietistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.  □ pietistical  /-ˈtistik(ə)l/ adj.   [German Pietismus (as PIETY)]

piety /ˈpaiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality of being pious 虔诚，虔敬 2  a pious act 虔诚的行为 [Middle English via Old French pieté from Latin pietas -tatis ‘dutifulness’ (as PIOUS)]

pietɑˋ /pieiˈtɑ:, 意 pjeˈta/ n.  a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Christ on her lap or in her arms 圣母怜子(圣母马利亚抱耶稣遗体于膝上的画像或雕像) [Italian from Latin (as PIETY)]

piezoelectricity /paiˌi:zəʊilekˈtrisiti, ˌpi:zəʊ-/ n.  electric polarization in a substance resulting from the application of mechanical stress, esp. in certain crystals 压电(现象) □ piezoelectric  /-iˈlektrik/ adj.  □ piezoelectrically  /-iˈlektrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek piezō ‘press’ + ELECTRICITY (see ELECTRIC)]

piezometer /paiiˈzɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the magnitude or direction of pressure 压力计；压强计

piffle /ˈpif(ə)l/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  nonsense; empty speech 废话；空谈 ●v. intr.  talk or act feebly; trifle 说无聊话；做无聊事；胡扯 □ piffler  n.   [imitative]

piffling /ˈpifliŋ/ adj. colloq.  trivial; worthless [口]琐碎的；无价值的

pig /piɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any omnivorous hoofed broad-snouted bristly mammal of the family Suidae, esp. a domesticated kind, Sus scrofa 猪(尤指家猪)b US  a young pig; a piglet [美]小猪；乳猪c (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  any similar animal 猪类动物  guinea pig  豚鼠 2  the flesh of esp. a young or sucking pig as food (尤指小猪、乳猪的)猪肉  roast pig  烤乳猪 3 colloq. [口]  a  a greedy, dirty, obstinate, sulky, or annoying person 猪一样贪婪(或肮脏、固执、懒惰、讨厌)的人b  an unpleasant, awkward, or difficult thing, task, etc. 不快(或棘手、难办)的事(或任务等) 4  an oblong mass of metal (esp. iron or lead) from a smelting furnace 金属锭(尤指生铁块或铅锭) 5 slang offens.  a police officer [俚语] [冒犯]警察 6 Sc. dial.  an earthenware hot-water bottle [苏格兰方]陶质汤壶 ●v. (pigged, pigging)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a sow) bring forth (piglets) (母猪)生(小猪) 2 tr. colloq.  eat (food) greedily [口]贪婪地吃(食物) 3 intr.  herd together or behave like pigs 像猪一样聚在一起；像猪一样地生活 □ bleed like a pig (or stuck pig)   bleed copiously 血流如注□ buy a pig in a poke   buy, accept, etc. something without knowing its value or esp. seeing it (不知价格或不曾过目地)乱买东西□ in pig  (of a sow) pregnant (母猪)怀小猪的□ in a pig's eye  colloq.  certainly not [口]决不，当然不□ make a pig of oneself   overeat 吃得过多□ make a pig's ear of  colloq.  make a mess of; bungle [口]把…弄得乱七八糟□ pig it   live in a disorderly, untidy, or filthy fashion 象猪一样杂乱(或不整齐、肮脏)地生活□ pig out  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) esp. N. Amer. slang  make a pig of oneself; overeat [尤北美] [俚语]贪吃；暴食□ pigs might fly  esp. Brit. iron.  an expression of disbelief [尤英] [讽]表示不相信□ piglet  n.  □ piglike  adj.  □ pigling  n.   [Middle English pigge, probably from Old English]

pigeon1 /ˈpidʒin, ˈpidʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  any of several large usu. grey and white birds of the family Columbidae, esp. Columba livia, often domesticated and bred and trained to carry messages etc.; a dove (cf. 参见 ROCK-PIGEON) 鸽子；家鸽，野鸽，信鸽 2 slang  a person easily swindled; a simpleton [俚语]容易上当的人；傻瓜 □ pigeonry  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old French pijon from Late Latin pipio -onis (imitative)]

pigeon2 /ˈpidʒin/ n.  1  = PIDGIN  2 colloq.  a particular concern, job, or business [口]特别关心的事(或工作)  that's not my pigeon  那不是我关心的事

pigeon-breast n. (also 亦作 pigeon-chest)  a deformed human chest with a projecting breastbone 鸡胸 □ pigeon-breasted  adj. (also 亦作 pigeon-chested)  

pigeon fancier n.  a person who keeps and breeds fancy pigeons 养鸽子的人，鸽子育种者 □ pigeon-fancying  n.  

pigeon-hawk n.  = MERLIN 

pigeon-hearted adj.  cowardly 胆怯的，怯懦的

pigeon-hole n. & v. ●n.  1  each of a set of compartments in a cabinet or on a wall for papers, letters, etc. (文件、信件等的)分类格架 2  a small recess for a pigeon to nest in 鸽巢 ●v. tr.  1  assign (a person or thing) to a preconceived category 把(人或物)分类 2  put (a matter) aside for future consideration or to forget it 把(某物)搁置一边 3  deposit (a document) in a pigeon-hole 把(文件)存在分类格架

pigeon pair n. Brit. [英]  1  boy and girl twins 龙凤胎 2  a boy and girl as sole children 一儿一女两个孩子

pigeon's milk n.  1  a secretion from the oesophagus with which pigeons feed their young 鸽乳(鸽子喂养幼鸽的食道分泌物) 2  an imaginary article for which children are sent on a fool's errand (哄小孩儿去拿取的)虚构物

pigeon-toed adj. (of a person) having the toes turned inwards (人)足内翻的，内八字的

piggery /ˈpiɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a pig-breeding farm etc. 猪圈，养猪场 2  = PIGSTY  3  piggishness 贪得无厌的习性

piggish /ˈpiɡiʃ/ adj.  1  of or relating to pigs 猪的；与猪有关的 2  having a quality associated with pigs; greedy; dirty; selfish; mean; stubborn 和猪一样贪婪(或肮脏、自私、卑鄙、固执)的 □ piggishness  n.  

piggy /ˈpiɡi/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 piggie) (pl. piggies) colloq. [口]  1  a little pig 小猪 2  a  a child's word for a pig (儿语)猪b  a child's word for a toe (儿语)脚趾 3 Brit.  the game of tipcat [英]棒击木片游戏 ●adj. (piggier, piggiest)  1  like a pig 似猪的 2 (of features etc.) like those of a pig (特征等)像猪的  little piggy eyes  猪似的小眼睛 □ piggy in the middle   = PIG IN THE MIDDLE 

piggyback /ˈpiɡibæk/ n., v. & adv. (also 亦作 pickaback /ˈpikəbæk/) ●n.  a ride on the back and shoulders of another person 肩扛，背驮 ●v.  1 intr.  ride (as if) on a person's back and shoulders (似)骑在某人肩上 2 tr.  a  give a piggyback to 把…负在背(或肩)上b  carry or mount on top of another thing (将一物)摞在另一物上面 ●adv.  1  on the back and shoulders of another person 在背(或肩)上 2  on the back or top of a larger object 固定(放)在大件物品上 [16th c.: origin unknown]

piggy bank n.  a pig-shaped money box 猪形存钱罐

pig-headed adj.  obstinate 固执的，顽固的 □ pig-headedly  adv.  □ pig-headedness  n.  

pightle /ˈpait(ə)l/ n. chiefly dial.  a small field or enclosure [主方]小块场地(或围场) [Middle English: origin unknown]

pig-ignorant adj. colloq.  extremely ignorant [口]极其愚昧

pig in the middle n. esp. Brit.  a person who is placed in an awkward situation between two others (after a ball game for three with one in the middle) [尤英] (双方争吵时)处在中间的人(出自一人站在两人中间抢球的游戏)

pig-iron n.  crude iron from a smelting furnace 生铁

Pig Island n. Austral. & NZ slang  New Zealand [澳新] [俚语]新西兰

pig-jump n. & v. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语] ●n.  a jump made by a horse from all four legs (马)四脚腾跃 ●v. intr. (of a horse) jump in this manner (马)四脚腾跃

pig Latin n.  a made-up jargon 故意颠倒英语字母顺序拼凑而成的行话

pig meat n. Brit.  pork, ham, or bacon [英]猪肉；火腿；熏肉

pigment /ˈpiɡm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  colouring matter used as paint or dye, usu. as an insoluble suspension 颜料；涂料 2  the natural colouring matter of animal or plant tissue, e.g. chlorophyll, haemoglobin (动、植物组织中的)色素，色质(如叶绿素、血红蛋白) ●v. tr.  colour with or as if with pigment 给…着色，给…染色 □ pigmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ pigmentary  adj.   [Middle English from Latin pigmentum, from pingere ‘paint’]

pigmentation /piɡm(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the natural colouring of plants, animals, etc. (动、植物等的)自然颜色 2  the excessive colouring of tissue by the deposition of pigment 色素沉着，色素积淀

pigmy var.  of PYGMY  PYGMY 的变体

pignut /ˈpiɡnʌt/ n.  = EARTH-NUT 

pigpen /ˈpiɡpen/ n. US [美]  = PIGSTY 

pigskin /ˈpiɡskin/ n.  1  the hide of a pig 猪皮 2  leather made from this 猪皮革 3 N. Amer.  a football [北美]橄榄球

pig-sticker n.  a long sharp knife (长而锋利的)折刀；刺刀

pigsticking /ˈpiɡstikiŋ/ n.  1  the hunting of wild boar with a spear on horseback (在马上用长矛)猎野猪 2  the butchering of pigs 杀猪，宰猪

pigsty /ˈpiɡstai/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a pen or enclosure for a pig or pigs 猪圈，猪栏 2  a filthy house, room, etc. 肮脏的屋子(或房间等)

pig's wash n.  = PIGSWILL 

pigswill /ˈpiɡswil/ n.  kitchen refuse and scraps fed to pigs (喂猪的)泔水

pigtail /ˈpiɡteil/ n.  1  a plait of hair hanging from the back of the head, or either of a pair at the sides 辫子 2  a thin twist of tobacco 辫状烟草束 □ pigtailed  adj.  

pigwash /ˈpiɡwɒʃ/ n.  = PIGSWILL 

pigweed /ˈpiɡwi:d/ n.  a plant used for fodder, esp. fat hen or a weedy amaranth 苋(藜)属植物(用作饲料)

pi jaw n.  a long moralizing lecture or reprimand 教导；规劝；斥责 [PI2 + JAW]

pika /ˈpaikə, ˈpi:kə/ n.  any small rabbit-like mammal of the genus Ochotona, with small ears, short legs, and a very short tail Also called 亦称作 mouse hare 鼠兔属动物 [Tungus piika]

pike1 /paik/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a large voracious freshwater fish of the family Esocidae, with a long narrow snout and sharp teeth, esp. the common Esox lucius 狗鱼(尤指白斑狗鱼) 2  a similar fish, e.g. the garpike 似狗鱼的鱼(如雀鳝) [Middle English, = PIKE2 (because of its pointed jaw)]

pike2 /paik/ n. & v. ●n.  1 hist.  an infantry weapon with a pointed steel or iron head on a long wooden shaft [史义]长枪，长矛，镖枪 2 N. Engl.  the peaked top of a hill, esp. in names of hills in the Lake District [英格兰北部] (山的)尖顶，尖峰(尤指湖泊地区的尖峰) ●v. tr. hist.  thrust through or kill with a pike [史义]用长矛刺穿(或刺死) □ pike on  esp. Austral. colloq.  withdraw timidly from [尤澳口]溜走 [Old English pīc ‘point, prick’: sense 2 perhaps from Old Norse]

pike3 /paik/ n.  1  a toll gate; a toll 收税栅；通行税 2  a turnpike road 收税道路 □ come down the pike  US  appear on the scene, come to notice [美]出现，露面 [abbreviation of TURNPIKE]

pike4 /paik/ n.  a jackknife position in diving or gymnastics (跳水或体操中的)屈体姿势 [20th c.: origin unknown]

pikelet /ˈpaiklit/ n. N. Engl.  a thin kind of crumpet [英格兰北部]小烤饼，小薄饼 [Welsh (bara) pyglyd ‘pitchy (bread)’]

pikeman /ˈpaikmən/ n. (pl. -men)  the keeper of a turnpike 收税栅看守人

pikeperch /ˈpaikpɜ:tʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any of various pikelike perches of the genus Lucioperca or Stizostedion 梭鲈

piker /ˈpaikə/ n.  a cautious, timid, or mean person 谨小慎微的人，胆小鬼，可怜虫 [PIKE2]

pikestaff /ˈpaikstɑ:f/ n.  1 hist.  the wooden shaft of a pike [史义]长矛柄，镖枪把 2  a walking stick with a metal point (装有金属尖的)尖头杖 □ plain as a pikestaff   quite plain or obvious (originally packstaff, a smooth staff used by a pedlar) 显而易见的，十分明显的(源自一种小贩用的货囊支杖)

pilaf /piˈlæf/ n. (also 亦作 pilaff, pilau /piˈlaʊ/, pilaw /piˈlɔ:/)  a Middle Eastern or Indian dish of spiced rice or wheat with meat, fish, vegetables, etc. (中东或印度的内含蔬菜、佐料、鱼、肉等的)肉菜饭 [Turkish pilɑˆv]

pilaster /piˈlæstə/ n.  a rectangular column, esp. one projecting from a wall 壁柱(尤指半露柱) □ pilastered  adj.   [French pilastre via Italian pilastro and medieval Latin pilastrum from Latin pila ‘pillar’]

pilchard /ˈpiltʃəd/ n.  a small marine fish, Sardinia pilchardus of the herring family (see 见 SARDINE1) (鲱科)沙丁鱼 [16th-c. pilcher etc.: origin unknown]

pile1 /pail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heap of things laid or gathered upon one another 堆，叠  a pile of leaves  一堆树叶 2  a  a large imposing building 高大的建筑物  a stately pile  一座宏伟的建筑b  a large group of tall buildings 高大的建筑群 3 colloq. [口]  a  a large quantity 大量b  a large amount of money; a fortune 大量钱财；大批财富  made his pile  他赚了大钱 4  a  a series of plates of dissimilar metals laid one on another alternately to produce an electric current 电池组b  = ATOMIC PILE  5  a funeral pyre 火葬柴堆 ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up, on)  heap up 堆叠，堆起  piled the plates on the table  把盘子堆在桌子上b (foll. by 后跟 with)  load 填满，塞满  piled the bed with coats  床上堆满了衣服 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 常后跟 in, into, on, out of, etc.)  crowd hurriedly or tightly 挤，拥  all piled into the car  所有的人都挤进了这辆汽车 piled out of the restaurant  从饭店里蜂拥而出 □ pile arms   place (usu. four) rifles with their butts on the ground and the muzzles together 叉枪，架枪(通常为四枝)□ pile it on  colloq.  exaggerate [口]夸大，夸张□ pile on the agony  colloq.  exaggerate for effect or to gain sympathy etc. [口] (为博得同情等)过分夸大悲痛□ pile up   1  accumulate; heap up 积累；堆积 2 colloq.  run (a ship) aground or cause (a vehicle etc.) to crash [口] (船)搁浅；(车辆等)撞毁 [Middle English via Old French from Latin pila ‘pillar, pier, mole’]

pile2 /pail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy beam driven vertically into the bed of a river, soft ground, etc., to support the foundations of a superstructure (在河床、软地层上打的)桩 2  a pointed stake or post 尖桩，尖柱 3 Heraldry  a wedge-shaped device 【纹章学】楔形图案 ●v. tr.  1  provide with piles 用桩支撑 2  drive (piles) into the ground etc. 把(桩)打入地下 [Old English pīl from Latin pilum ‘javelin’]

pile3 /pail/ n.  1  the soft projecting surface on velvet, plush, etc., or esp. on a carpet; nap (天鹅绒、长毛绒等的)软面；(尤指地毯的)绒面 2  soft hair or down, or the wool of a sheep 软毛，绒毛；羊绒 □ pileless  adj.   [Middle English, probably via Anglo-French pyle, peile, Old French poil from Latin pilus ‘hair’]

pileated woodpecker /ˈpailieitid/ n.  a large N. American woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus, with a red-topped head (产于北美的红顶)黑啄木鸟 [Latin pileatus ‘capped’, from peilus ‘felt cap’]

piledriver /ˈpaildraivə/ n.  a machine for driving piles into the ground 打桩机 □ piledriving  n. & attrib. adj.  

pile dwelling n.  a dwelling built on piles, esp. in a lake (尤指建于湖中的)木排屋

piles /pailz/ n. pl. colloq.  haemorrhoids [口]痔疮 [Middle English, probably from Latin pila ‘ball’, from the globular form of external piles]

pile-up n. colloq.  a multiple crash of road vehicles [口]多辆汽车相撞

pileus /ˈpailiəs/ n. (pl. pilei /-liai/)  the caplike part of a mushroom or other fungus 菌盖 □ pileate  /-liət/ adj.  □ pileated  /-lieitid/ adj.   [Latin, = felt cap]

pilewort /ˈpailwɜ:t/ n.  the lesser celandine 欧洲毛茛 [PILES, from its reputed efficacy against piles]

pilfer /ˈpilfə/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  steal (objects) esp. in small quantities 偷(东西) (尤指小偷小摸) □ pilferage  /-ridʒ/ n.  □ pilferer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French pelfrer ‘pillage’, of unknown origin: associated with archaic pill ‘plunder’: cf. PELF]

pilgrim /ˈpilɡrim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons 朝圣者 2  a person regarded as journeying through life etc. 流浪者 3  a traveller 旅行者 4 hist.  a member of the Pilgrim Fathers [史义]清教徒前辈移民 ●v. intr. (pilgrimed, pilgriming)  wander like a pilgrim 朝圣般漫游；云游 □ pilgrimize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English pilegrim via Provençal pelegrin from Latin peregrinus ‘stranger’: see PEREGRINE]

pilgrimage /ˈpilɡrimidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pilgrim's journey 朝圣  go on a pilgrimage  去朝圣 2  life viewed as a journey 人生旅程 3  any journey taken for nostalgic or sentimental reasons 怀旧旅行；充满感伤的旅行 ●v. intr.  go on a pilgrimage 去朝圣 [Middle English from Provençal pilgrinatge (as PILGRIM)]

Pilgrim Fathers n. pl.  English Puritans who founded the colony of Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620 (1620 年到达北美创立马萨诸塞州普里茅斯殖民地的)清教徒前辈移民

Pilipino /piliˈpi:nəʊ/ n.  the national language of the Philippines 菲律宾语 [Tagalog from Spanish Filipino]

pill /pil/ n.  1  a  a ball or disc etc. of solid medicine for swallowing whole 药丸；丸剂b (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a contraceptive pill 口服避孕药 2  an unpleasant or painful necessity; a humiliation 无法避免的讨厌(或痛苦)的事；屈辱  a bitter pill  苦差事 must swallow the pill  必须吞下苦果 3 colloq. or joc.  a ball, e.g. a football, a bullet or bomb [口] [诙]球(如足球)；子弹；炸弹 □ sugar (or sweeten) the pill   make an unpleasant necessity acceptable 使不愉快的事变得较易接受 [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pille, probably from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila ‘ball’]

pillage /ˈpilidʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  plunder; sack (a place or a person) 掠夺；洗劫(某地或某人) ●n.  the act or an instance of pillaging, esp. in war (尤指战争中的)掠夺行为，抢劫 □ pillager  n.   [Middle English from Old French, from piller ‘plunder’]

pillar /ˈpilə/ n.  1  a  a usu. slender vertical structure of wood, metal, or esp. stone used as a support for a roof etc. (木质、金属、尤指石质的)支柱b  a similar structure used for ornament 装饰柱c  a post supporting a structure 支柱 2  a person regarded as a mainstay or support 中坚；栋梁；台柱  a pillar of the faith  信念的支柱 a pillar of strength  中坚力量 3  an upright mass of ice, rock, etc. (冰、岩石等的)柱状物  pillar of flame  火柱 4  a solid mass of coal etc. left to support the roof of a mine (支撑矿顶的)煤柱；矿柱 □ from pillar to post  (driven etc.) from one place to another; to and fro (被逼或赶得)东奔西跑；到处碰壁□ pillared  adj.  □ pillaret  n.   [Middle English & Anglo-French piler, Old French pilier, ultimately from Latin pila ‘pillar’]

pillar box n. Brit.  a public postbox shaped like a pillar [英]邮筒

pillar-box red n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  a bright red colour, as of pillar boxes 鲜红色 ●adj.  of this colour 鲜红色的

Pillars of Hercules n. pl.  two rocks on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar 赫拉克勒斯之墩(指直布罗陀海峡东端两岸的两个岬角)

pillbox /ˈpilbɒks/ n.  1  a small shallow cylindrical box for holding pills (圆柱状的)药丸盒，药片盒 2  a hat of a similar shape (平顶无边的)圆桶形帽子 3 Mil.  a small partly underground enclosed concrete fort used as an outpost 【军】(用作前哨阵地的混凝土的)掩体，碉堡

pillion /ˈpiljən/ n.  1  seating for a passenger behind a motorcyclist 摩托车后座 2 hist. [史义]  a  a woman's light saddle 女用轻鞍b  a cushion attached to the back of a saddle for a usu. female passenger (加在马鞍后供女人乘坐的)加鞍，添鞍 □ ride pillion   travel seated behind a motorcyclist etc. 坐在摩托车后座上旅行 [Gaelic pillean, pillin, diminutive of pell ‘cushion’, from Latin pellis ‘skin’]

pilliwinks /ˈpiliwiŋks/ n. hist.  an instrument of torture used for squeezing the fingers [史义]夹指刑具 [Middle English pyrwykes, pyrewinkes, of unknown origin]

pillock /ˈpilək/ n. Brit. slang  a stupid person; a fool [英] [俚语]蠢人；笨蛋 [16th c., = penis (variant of pillicock): 20th c. in sense defined]

pillory /ˈpiləri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, enabling the public to assault or ridicule a person so imprisoned [史义] (将颈与双手夹住的)颈手枷 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  expose (a person) to ridicule or public contempt 使(某人)受公众嘲笑(或轻蔑) 2 hist.  put in the pillory [史义]使戴上颈手枷 [Middle English via Anglo-Latin pillorium from Old French pilori etc.: probably from Provençal espilori of uncertain origin]

pillow /ˈpiləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a usu. oblong support for the head, esp. in bed, with a cloth cover stuffed with feathers, flock, foam rubber, etc. 枕头b  any pillow-shaped block or support 枕头状物；靠垫 2  = LACE-PILLOW  ●v. tr.  1  rest (the head etc.) on or as if on a pillow (头等)似靠在(枕头上)休息  pillowed his head on his arms  他把头枕在手臂上 2  serve as a pillow for 作为…的枕头  moss pillowed her head  她的头枕在苔藓上 □ pillowy  adj.   [Old English pyle, pylu, ultimately from Latin pulvinus ‘cushion’]

pillowcase /ˈpiləʊkeis/ n.  a washable cotton etc. cover for a pillow 枕套

pillow-fight n.  a mock fight with pillows, esp. by children (尤指小孩)用枕头打闹，枕头仗

pillow lace n.  lace made on a lace-pillow 枕结花边

pillow lava n.  lava forming rounded masses 枕状熔岩

pillowslip /ˈpiləʊslip/ n.  = PILLOWCASE 

pillow talk n.  romantic or intimate conversation in bed 枕边悄悄话

pill-popper n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who takes pills freely 服大量药物的人 2  a drug addict 吸毒成瘾的人 □ pill-popping  n. & attrib. adj.  

pillule var.  of PILULE  PILULE 的变体

pillwort /ˈpilwɜ:t/ n.  an aquatic fern, Pilularia globulifera, with small globular spore-producing bracts 美洲线叶苹

pilose /ˈpailəʊz/ adj. (also 亦作 pilous /ˈpailəs/)  covered with hair 被毛的，多毛的 □ pilosity  /paiˈlɒsiti/ n.   [Latin pilosus from pilus ‘hair’]

pilot /ˈpailət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who operates the flying controls of an aircraft (飞机的)驾驶员，飞行员 2  a person qualified to take charge of a ship entering or leaving harbour (船舶的)引航员，领航员 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  an experimental undertaking or test, esp. in advance of a larger one 试验性的，试点的  a pilot project  试点工程 4  a guide; a leader 向导，带路人；领导人 5 archaic  a steersman [古义]舵手，舵工 ●v. tr. (piloted, piloting)  1  act as a pilot on (a ship) or of (an aircraft) 引领(船舶)；驾驶(飞机) 2  conduct, lead, or initiate as a pilot 引导，带领；试行，试用  piloted the new scheme  试行新方案 □ pilotage  n.  □ pilotless  adj.   [French pilote via medieval Latin pilotus, pedot(t)a from Greek pēdon ‘oar’, in pl. ‘rudder’]

pilot balloon n.  a small balloon used to track air currents etc. 测风气球(用于测定气流等的小气球)

pilot-bird n.  a rare dark brown Australian warbler, Pycnoptilus floccosus, with a distinctive loud cry (产于澳洲的)澳洲鹛

pilot chute n.  a small parachute used to bring the main one into operation 引导伞

pilot-cloth n.  thick blue woollen cloth for seamen's coats etc. 海员厚绒呢，水手呢

pilot fish n.  a small fish, Naucrates ductor, said to act as a pilot leading a shark to food 引水鱼

pilot house n.  = WHEELHOUSE 

pilot-jacket n.  = PEA-JACKET 

pilot light n.  1  a small gas burner kept alight to light another 引火火苗，常明火 2  an electric indicator light or control light 指示灯，标灯

pilot officer n. Brit.  a rank in the RAF above acting pilot officer [英]皇家空军少尉

pilot whale n.  a small whale of the genus Globicephalus, of temperate or subtropical waters 巨头鲸，领航鲸

Pilsner /ˈpilznə, ˈpils-/ n. (also 亦作 Pilsener)  a lager beer brewed or like that brewed at Pilsen (Plzeň) in the Czech Republic (产于捷克的)比尔森啤酒

pilule /ˈpilju:l/ n. (also 亦作 pillule)  a small pill 小药丸，小丸剂 □ pilular  adj.  □ pilulous  adj.   [French from Latin pilula: see PILL]

pimento /piˈmentəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = PIMIENTO  2 esp. W. Indies [尤西印]  = ALLSPICE 1  [Spanish pimiento (as PIMIENTO)]

pi-meson /paiˈmi:zɒn, -ˈmezɒn/ n.  = PION 

pimiento /pimiˈentəʊ, pimˈjen-/ n. (pl. -os)  a red pepper (capsicum) (辣椒属)灯笼椒，甜椒 [Spanish from Latin pigmentum PIGMENT, in medieval Latin = spice]

pimp /pimp/ n. & v. ●n.  a man who lives off the earnings of a prostitute or a brothel; a pander; a ponce (为妓女或妓院)拉皮条的男子；靠妓女为生的人 ●v. intr.  act as a pimp 拉皮条，为妓女拉客 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pimpernel /ˈpimpənel/ n.  any plant of the genus Anagallis, esp. = SCARLET PIMPERNEL 海绿属植物，(尤指) [Middle English from Old French pimpernelle, piprenelle, ultimately from Latin piper PEPPER]

pimping /ˈpimpiŋ/ adj.  1  small or mean 微不足道的；卑鄙的 2  sickly 病弱的 [17th c.: origin unknown]

pimple /ˈpimp(ə)l/ n.  1  a small hard inflamed spot on the skin 丘疹；小脓疱 2  anything resembling a pimple, esp. in relative size 粉刺，疙瘩，小突起 □ pimpled  adj.  □ pimply  adj.   [Middle English, nasalized from Old English piplian ‘break out in pustules’]

PIN /pin/ n. (also 亦作 PIN number)  personal identification number 个人识别号码 [abbreviation]■Usage 用法说明 The variant PIN number is common, even though the element number is redundant. The reason is probably that it is more readily understood than PIN in examples such as He'd forgotten his PIN. 虽然 number 这一成分是多余的，但 PIN number 这种用法很常见，理由可能是 PIN number 比 He'd forgotten his PIN (他忘了他的个人识别号码)中的 PIN 更易于理解。 

pin /pin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small thin pointed piece of esp. steel wire with a round or flattened head used (esp. in sewing) for holding things in place, attaching one thing to another, etc. (尤指缝纫用的)针；大头针b  any of several types of pin 针状物  drawing pin  图钉 safety pin  安全别针 hairpin  发夹c  a small brooch 胸针  diamond pin  钻石胸针d  a badge fastened with a pin (用别针固定的)徽章 2  a peg of wood or metal for various purposes, e.g. a wooden skittle in bowling (木质或金属的)销，栓，小柱(如保龄球运动中的瓶状木柱) 3  something of small value 不值钱的东西  don't care a pin  毫不关心 for two pins I'd resign  我恨不得辞职 4 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  legs [口]腿  quick on his pins  跑得快 5 Med.  a steel rod used to join the ends of fractured bones while they heal 【医】(治疗骨折时固定用的)不锈钢钉 6 Chess  a position in which a piece is pinned to another 【棋类】牵制 7 Golf  a stick with a flag placed in a hole to mark its position 【高尔夫球】(球洞的)标志旗杆 8 Mus.  a peg round which one string of a musical instrument is fastened 【音】琴轸，弦轴 9 Brit.  a half-firkin cask for beer [英] (容量为 4.5 加仑的)小啤酒桶 ●v. tr. (pinned, pinning)  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to, up, together)  fasten with a pin or pins (用针等)别住，钉住，扣住  pinned up the hem  钉住褶边 pinned the papers together  把文件用别针别在一起b  transfix with a pin, lance, etc. (用针、长矛等)刺穿 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  fix (blame, responsibility, etc.) on a person etc. 把(责备、责任等)归咎于(某人等)  pinned the blame on his friend  把过错推到他朋友的身上 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, on, etc.)  seize and hold fast 抓住；抓牢 4 Chess  prevent (an opposing piece) from moving except by exposing a more valuable piece to capture 【棋类】牵制(对方棋子) □ on pins and needles   in an agitated state of suspense 如坐针毡，焦急不安□ pin down   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bind (a person etc.) to a promise, arrangement, etc. 使(某人等)履行诺言(或安排等) 2  force (a person) to declare his or her intentions 迫使(某人)表态 3  restrict the actions or movement of (an enemy etc.) 限制(敌人等的)行动 4  specify (a thing) precisely 确定(某事)  could not pin down his unease to a particular cause  弄不清楚令他不安的具体原因 5  hold (a person etc.) down by force 用力压住(某人等)□ pin one's faith (or hopes etc.) on   rely implicitly on 对…抱有信心(或希望等)… [Old English pinn from Latin pinna ‘point’ etc., associated with penna PEN1]

pina colada /ˌpi:nə kəˈlɑ:də/ n.  a drink made from pineapple juice, rum, and coconut 果汁朗姆冰酒(用菠萝汁、朗姆酒和椰子汁调和而成) [Spanish, literally ‘strained pineapple’]

pinafore /ˈpinəfɔ:/ n.  1  a Brit.  an apron, esp. with a bib [英] (尤指有上部的)围裙b  a woman's sleeveless wraparound washable covering for the clothes, tied at the back (女式)无袖连胸围裙 2 (in full 全称 pinafore dress)  a collarless sleeveless dress usu. worn over a blouse or jumper (通常穿在衬衫或针织套衫外的)无袖无领连衣裙 [PIN + AFORE (because originally pinned on the front of a dress)]

pinaster /paiˈnæstə/ n.  = CLUSTER PINE  [Latin, = wild pine, from pinus ‘pine’ + -ASTER]

pinball /ˈpinbɔ:l/ n.  a game in which small metal balls are shot across a board and score points by striking pins with lights etc. 弹球游戏(把小球打入插钉板上的凹洞中)

pince-nez /pænsˈnei/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a pair of eyeglasses with a nose clip instead of side pieces 夹鼻眼镜 [French, literally ‘pinch-nose’]

pincer movement n. Mil.  a movement by two wings of an army converging on the enemy 【军】钳形移动，钳形攻势

pincers /ˈpinsəz/ n. pl.  1 (also 亦作 pair of pincers sing.)  a gripping-tool resembling scissors but with blunt usu. concave jaws to hold a nail etc. for extraction 钳子，镊子 2  the front claws of lobsters and some other crustaceans (龙虾及甲壳纲动物的)螯 [Middle English pinsers, pinsours via Anglo-French from Old French pincier PINCH]

pincette /pinˈset, pãˈset/ n.  small pincers; tweezers 小钳子，小镊子 [French]

pinch /pin(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  grip (esp. the skin of part of the body or of another person) tightly, esp. between finger and thumb (尤指用手指和拇指)捏，拧；夹(身体某部位或他人身体部位的皮肤)  pinched my finger in the door  我的手指夹在了门缝中 stop pinching me  住手，别拧我b (often absol. [常含宾]) (of a shoe, garment, etc.) constrict (the flesh) painfully (鞋、衣服等)挤压，挤痛(肉体) 2 tr. (of cold, hunger, etc.) grip (a person) painfully (寒冷、饥饿等)使(某人)痛苦(或不舒服)  she was pinched with cold  她被冻得缩手缩脚 3 tr.  a esp. Brit. colloq.  steal; take without permission [尤英口]偷；擅自拿取b slang  arrest (a person) [俚语]逮捕(某人)  pinched him for loitering  他因游荡而被拘留 4 tr. (as 作 pinched adj.) (of the features) drawn, as with cold, hunger, worry, etc. (面容)皱缩的(寒冷、饥饿、焦虑等引起) 5  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, of, for, etc.)  stint (a person) 使(某人)节俭b intr.  be niggardly with money, food, etc. 小气；吝啬 6 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, back, down)  remove (leaves, buds, etc.) to encourage bushy growth (为促进生长而)掐掉(叶子、花蕾等) 7 intr.  sail very close to the wind (帆船)紧抢风 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of pinching etc. the flesh 捏，掐，拧，夹 2  an amount that can be taken up with fingers and thumb 一撮，少量  a pinch of snuff  一撮鼻烟 3  the stress or pain caused by poverty, cold, hunger, etc. (贫穷、寒冷、饥饿等的)逼迫；苦痛 4 slang [俚语]  a  an arrest 逮捕，拘留b  a theft 偷窃，盗窃 □ at (or in) a pinch   in an emergency; if necessary 紧要关头；必要时刻□ feel the pinch   experience the effects of poverty 感到手头紧张，感到拮据 [Middle English via an Anglo-French and Old Norman French variant of Old French pincier, ultimately from Latin pungere punct- ‘prick’]

pinchbeck /ˈpin(t)ʃbek/ n. & adj. ●n.  an alloy of copper and zinc resembling gold and used in cheap jewellery etc. 铜锌合金(一种仿金合金，用于制做廉价首饰等) ●adj.  1  counterfeit; sham 仿造的；假冒的 2  cheap; tawdry 便宜的；俗气的 [named after C. Pinchbeck, English watchmaker d. 1732]

pinch-hitter n.  1  a baseball player who bats instead of another (棒球的)替补击球员 2 US  a person acting as a substitute [美]替身，替代者 □ pinch-hit  v. intr.  

pinchpenny /ˈpin(t)ʃpeni/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 attrib.)  a miserly person 吝啬鬼

pinch-run v. intr. Baseball  substitute as a runner between bases, esp. at a critical point in the game 【棒球】(尤指在比赛关键时刻上场的)替补跑垒 □ pinch-runner  n.  

pincushion /ˈpinkʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  a small cushion for holding pins (插针用的)针垫

pin-down n.  the action or policy of putting children in care into solitary confinement for long periods of time 把小孩长时间单独关起来照看的行为(或做法)

pine1 /pain/ n.  1 (in full 全称 pine tree)  any evergreen tree of the genus Pinus native to northern temperate regions, with needle-shaped leaves growing in clusters 松树 2  the soft timber of this, often used to make furniture (cf. 参见 DEAL2 1) (常用于做家具的)松木 3 (作 attrib.)  made of pine 松木制的 4  = PINEAPPLE  □ pinery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old English pīn & Old French pin from Latin pinus]

pine2 /pain/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  decline or waste away, esp. from grief, disease, etc. (尤指由悲伤、疾病等引起的)消瘦，衰弱 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, after, or to + infin.)  long eagerly; yearn 渴盼；渴望 [earlier = (cause to) suffer: Old English pīnian, related to obsolete pine ‘punishment’, via Germanic from medieval Latin pena, Latin poena]

pineal /ˈpiniəl, ˈpai-/ adj.  shaped like a pine cone 松果状的 [French pinéal from Latin pinea ‘pine cone’: see PINE1]

pineal body n. (also 亦作 pineal gland)  a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like substance in some mammals 松果体

pineapple /ˈpainæp(ə)l/ n.  1  a tropical plant, Ananas comosus, with a spiral of sword-shaped leaves and a thick stem bearing a large fruit developed from many flowers 凤梨(或菠萝)科植物 2  the fruit of this, consisting of yellow flesh surrounded by a tough segmented skin and topped with a tuft of stiff leaves 凤梨，菠萝 [PINE1, from the fruit's resemblance to a pine cone]

pine cone n.  the cone-shaped fruit of the pine tree 松球，松果

pine marten n.  a weasel-like mammal, Martes martes, native to N. Eurasia, having a dark brown coat with a yellowish throat 松貂(产自欧亚大陆，皮毛为深棕色，喉部毛色为黄色)

pine nut n.  the edible seed of various pine trees 松子，松果

pinetum /paiˈni:təm/ n. (pl. pineta /-tə/)  a plantation of pine trees or other conifers for scientific or ornamental purposes 松树园 [Latin, from pinus ‘pine’]

pinewood /ˈpainwʊd/ n.  1  the timber of the pine 松木 2 (pine wood)  a forest of pines 松林

piney var.  of PINY  PINY 的变体

pin-feather n. Zool.  an ungrown feather 【动】幼羽，新生羽毛

pinfold /ˈpinfəʊld/ n. & v. esp. hist. [尤史义] ●n.  a pound for stray cattle etc. (圈关迷路家畜的)围栏 ●v. tr.  confine (cattle) in a pinfold 把(牛)关入围栏 [Old English pundfald (as POUND3, FOLD2)]

ping /piŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a single short high ringing sound 砰，乒 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a ping 发出砰的声响；使发出砰的声响 2 intr. US [美]  = PINK3  [imitative]

pinger /ˈpiŋə/ n.  1  a device that transmits pings at short intervals for purposes of detection or measurement etc. 声脉冲发送器 2 Brit.  a timer that pings after a pre-set time [英]铃声定时器

pingo /ˈpiŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Geol.  a dome-shaped mound found in permafrost areas 【地质】冰核丘 [Eskimo]

ping-pong /ˈpiŋpɒŋ/ n.  = TABLE TENNIS  [imitative of the sound of a bat striking a ball]

pinguid /ˈpiŋɡwid/ adj. formal or joc.  fat, oily, or greasy [正式] [诙]肥的，油的，多脂肪的 [Latin pinguis ‘fat’]

pinhead /ˈpinhed/ n.  1  the flattened head of a pin 针头，钉头 2  a very small thing 小东西，微不足道的东西 3 colloq.  a stupid or foolish person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋

pinheaded /pinˈhedid/ adj. colloq.  stupid, foolish [口]蠢的，傻的 □ pinheadedness  n.  

pin-high adj. Golf (of a ball) at the same distance ahead as the pin 【高尔夫球】(球)停在洞前与旗杆的等距离处

pinhole /ˈpinhəʊl/ n.  1  a hole made by a pin 针眼，针孔(针刺的眼或孔) 2  a hole into which a peg fits 插入钉(或桩)的孔

pinhole camera n.  a camera with a pinhole aperture and no lens 针孔照相机

pinion1 /ˈpinjən/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the outer part of a bird's wing, usu. including the flight feathers (鸟翼的)端部，翼尖(常包括飞羽) 2 poet.  a wing; a flight feather [诗]翼翅；飞羽 ●v. tr.  1  cut off the pinion of (a wing or bird) to prevent flight 剪去(鸟翼或鸟的)飞羽 2  a  bind the arms of (a person) 绑住(某人的)双臂b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bind (the arms, a person, etc.) esp. to a thing 把(手、人等)绑在某物上 [Middle English from Old French pignon, ultimately from Latin pinna: see PIN]

pinion2 /ˈpinjən/ n.  1  a small cogwheel engaging with a larger one 小齿轮，副齿轮 2  a cogged spindle engaging with a wheel 齿杆 [French pignon, alteration of obsolete pignol from Latin pinea ‘pine cone’ (as PINE1)]

pink1 /piŋk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a pale red colour 粉红色  decorated in pink  用粉红色装饰 2  any cultivated plant of the genus Dianthus, with sweet-smelling white, pink, crimson, etc. flowers (结白色、粉红、深红色等香花的)石竹属植物 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  the most perfect condition etc. 极致，顶点  the pink of elegance  优美的极致 4 (also 亦作 hunting pink)  a  a fox-hunter's red coat (猎狐者穿的)红色上衣b  the cloth for this 红色衣料c  a fox-hunter 猎狐者 5 colloq. often derog.  a person with socialist tendencies [口] [常贬]思想较左倾的人 ●adj.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词中)  of a pale red colour of any of various shades 粉红色的  rose pink  浅玫瑰红的 salmon pink  鲑肉色的 2 colloq. often derog.  tending to socialism [口] [常贬]较左倾的；倾向于社会主义的 3 (of wine) rosé (葡萄酒)玫瑰红的，浅红色的 □ in the pink  colloq.  in very good health [口]健康状况极佳，非常健康□ pinkish  adj.  □ pinkly  adv.  □ pinkness  n.  □ pinky  adj.   [earliest in sense 2 of the noun: perhaps from dialect pink-eyed ‘having small eyes’]

pink2 /piŋk/ v. tr.  1  pierce slightly with a sword etc. (用剑等)轻刺，轻扎 2  cut a scalloped or zigzag edge on 剪成扇形(或锯齿状) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  ornament (leather etc.) with perforations 在(皮革等)上打出装饰小孔 4 archaic  adorn; deck [古义]装饰；打扮 [Middle English, perhaps from Low German or Dutch: cf. Low German pinken ‘strike, peck’]

pink3 /piŋk/ v. intr. Brit. (of a vehicle engine) emit a series of high-pitched explosive sounds caused by faulty combustion [英] (汽车发动机)发出响爆声，爆震 [imitative]

pink4 /piŋk/ n. hist.  a sailing ship, esp. one with a narrow stern, originally small and flat-bottomed [史义]帆船(尤指尖尾帆船) [Middle English from Middle Dutch pin(c)ke, of unknown origin]

pink5 /piŋk/ n.  a yellowish lake pigment made by combining vegetable colouring matter with a white base 微黄色  brown pink  棕微黄色 French pink  法国微黄色 [17th c.: origin unknown]

pink6 /piŋk/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a young salmon 幼鲑 2 dial.  a minnow [方]米诺鱼 [15th c. penk, of unknown origin]

pink-collar adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a profession etc.) traditionally associated with women (cf. 参见 WHITE-COLLAR, BLUE-COLLAR) (职业等)粉领阶层的(由妇女从事的一些传统职业)

pink disease n.  a disease of young children with pink discoloration of the extremities (婴儿)红皮病(体端呈粉红色)

pink elephants n. pl. colloq.  hallucinations experienced in a drunken state [口]红象(酗酒、吸毒后产生的幻觉)

pink-eye n.  1  a contagious fever in horses (马之间传播的)流行性感冒 2  conjunctivitis in humans and some livestock (人或一些牲畜可能会患有的)传染性结膜炎，红眼病

pink gin n. Brit.  gin flavoured with Angostura Bitters [英]红杜松子酒

pinkie /ˈpiŋki/ n. esp. US & Sc. colloq.  the little finger [尤美和苏格兰口]小拇指 [partly from PINK1, partly from Dutch pink ‘the little finger’]

pinking shears n. pl. (also 亦作 pinking scissors)  a dressmaker's serrated shears for cutting a zigzag edge 齿边布样剪刀

pinko /ˈpiŋkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) esp. US slang often derog.  a socialist [尤美] [俚语] [常贬]思想较左倾的人，社会主义者

pink slip n. esp. N. Amer.  a notice of dismissal from employment [尤北美]解雇通知书

Pinkster /ˈpiŋ(k)stə/ n. US dial.  Whitsuntide [美方]圣灵降临周 [Dutch, = Pentecost]

pinkster flower n.  the pink azalea, Rhododendron periclymenoides 粉红杜鹃花

pin money n.  1 hist.  an allowance to a woman for dress etc. from her husband [史义] (丈夫给妻子买衣服等用的)零花钱，零用钱 2  a small sum of money, esp. for spending on inessentials (尤指用于购买非必需品的)小额开支费用  only works for pin money  只赚些外快

pinna /ˈpinə/ n. (pl. pinnae /-ni:/ or pinnas)  1  the auricle; the external part of the ear 耳廓；耳朵外部 2  a primary division of a pinnate leaf (复叶的)羽片 3  a fin or finlike structure, feather, wing, etc. 鳍；鳍状结构；羽(或翼等) [Latin, = penna ‘feather, wing, fin’]

pinnace /ˈpinis/ n. Naut.  a warship's or other ship's small boat, usu. motor-driven, originally schooner-rigged or eight-oared 【海】船载艇，舰载艇 [French pinnace, pinasse, ultimately from Latin pinus PINE1]

pinnacle /ˈpinək(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the culmination or climax (of endeavour, success, etc.) (事业、成功等的)顶峰，顶点 2  a natural peak 山峰，高峰 3  a small ornamental turret usu. ending in a pyramid or cone, crowning a buttress, roof, etc. (扶垛、屋顶上的装饰性的)小尖塔，尖顶 ●v. tr.  1  set on or as if on a pinnacle 把…(似)置于尖顶上 2  form the pinnacle of 建成…的小尖塔 3  provide with pinnacles 用小尖塔(或尖顶)装备… [Middle English pinacle via Old French pin(n)acle from Late Latin pinnaculum, from pinna ‘wing, point’ (as PIN, -CULE)]

pinnae pl.  of PINNA  

pinnate /ˈpineit/ adj.  1 (of a compound leaf) having leaflets arranged on either side of the stem, usu. in pairs opposite each other (复叶)羽状叶的 2  having branches, tentacles, etc., on each side of an axis 羽状的 □ pinnated  adj.  □ pinnately  adv.  □ pinnation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin pinnatus ‘feathered’ (as PINNA)]

pinni- /ˈpini/ comb. form  wing, fin [构词成分]翼，鳍 [Latin pinna]

pinniped /ˈpiniped/ adj. & n. ●adj.  denoting any aquatic mammal with limbs ending in flippers, e.g. a seal 鳍状肢的(如海豹) ●n.  a pinniped mammal 鳍状肢哺乳动物，鳍脚亚目动物 [Latin pinna ‘fin’ + pes ped- ‘foot’]

pinnule /ˈpinju:l/ n.  1  the secondary division of a pinnate leaf 小羽叶 2  a part or organ like a small wing or fin 小翼(或鳍)，小翼(或鳍)状物 □ pinnular  adj.   [Latin pinnula, diminutive of pinna ‘fin, wing’]

PIN number var.  of PIN  PIN 的变体

pinny /ˈpini/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a pinafore [口]连胸围裙 [abbreviation]

pinochle /ˈpi:nɒk(ə)l/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a card game with a double pack of 48 cards (nine to ace only) 皮纳克尔牌戏(只用 9 点到 A 的牌，两副共 48 张) 2  the combination of queen of spades and jack of diamonds in this game (皮纳克尔牌戏中的)黑桃 Q 与方块 J 组成的牌 [19th c.: origin unknown]

pinocytosis /ˌpi:nəʊsaiˈtəʊsis, ˌpinəʊ-, ˌpainəʊ-/ n. Biol.  the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane 【生】胞饮现象(或作用) [Greek pino ‘drink’ + -cytosis on the pattern of PHAGOCYTOSIS]

pinole /pi:ˈnəʊlei, -li/ n. US  flour made from parched cornflour, esp. mixed with sweet flour made of mesquite beans, sugar, etc. [美] (尤指混合了糖的)炒玉米粉 [Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl pinolli]

pinpoint /ˈpinpɔint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the point of a pin 针尖 2  something very small or sharp 极小(或尖)的东西 3 (作 attrib.)  a  very small 极小b  precise, accurate 准确，精确 ●v. tr.  locate with precision 准确地确定…的位置  pinpointed the target  瞄准目标

pinprick /ˈpinprik/ n.  1  a prick caused by a pin (针刺的)小孔 2  a trifling irritation 小烦恼

pins and needles n. pl.  a tingling sensation in a limb recovering from numbness (手脚的)发麻，针刺感

pinstripe /ˈpinstraip/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a very narrow stripe in (esp. worsted or serge) cloth (尤指毛料或哔叽上的)细条子  pinstripe suit  细条纹套装 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a pinstripe suit 细条纹套装  came wearing his pinstripes  他穿着细条纹套装走来 □ pinstriped  adj.  

pint /paint/ n.  1  a unit of liquid or dry capacity equal to one-eighth of a gallon 品脱(液量或干量单位，等于 1/8 加仑):a (in full 全称 imperial pint) (in Britain) 20 fluid oz, 34.66 cu. in., or 0.565 litre (英国)20 液盎司， 34.66 立方英寸， 0.565 升b (in full 全称 US pint) (in the US) 28.87 cu. in. or 0.473 litre (for liquid measure), or 33.60 cu. in. or 0.551 litre (for dry measure) (美国)28.87 立方英寸， 0.473 升(液量计算)； 33.60 立方英寸， 0.551 升(干量计算) 2 Brit. [英]  a colloq.  a pint of beer [口] 1 品脱啤酒b  a pint of a liquid, esp. milk 1 品脱液体(尤指牛奶) 3 Brit.  a measure of shellfish, being the amount containable in a pint mug [英]有壳水生动物计量(装在 1 品脱的杯子里)  bought a pint of whelks  买了 1 品脱蛾螺 [Middle English from Old French pinte, of unknown origin]

pinta /ˈpaintə/ n. Brit. colloq.  a pint of milk [英口] 1 品脱牛奶 [corruption of pint of]

pin-table n. Brit.  a table used in playing pinball [英]弹球机，弹子机

pintail /ˈpinteil/ n.  a duck, esp. Anas acuta, or grouse with a pointed tail 鸭(尤指针尾鸭)

pintle /ˈpint(ə)l/ n.  a pin or bolt, esp. one on which some other part turns (尤指其他部件可在其上旋转的)柱销，枢轴 [Old English pintel ‘penis’, of unknown origin: related to Old Frisian Dutch, German pint]

pinto /ˈpintəʊ/ adj. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●adj.  piebald 杂色的，花斑的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a piebald horse 杂色马，花斑马 [Spanish, = mottled, ultimately from Latin pictus, past part. of pingere ‘paint’]

pint pot n.  a pot, esp. of pewter, holding one pint, esp. of beer 1 品脱壶(尤指白镴做的可盛 1 品脱啤酒的壶)

pint-sized adj. colloq.  very small, esp. of a person [口] (尤指人)微型的，极小的

pin-tuck n.  a very narrow ornamental tuck 细褶，狭裥

pin-up n.  1  a photograph of a popular or sexually attractive person, designed to be hung on the wall (挂在墙上的)明星照片，性感照片 2  a person shown in such a photograph (明星照片上的)明星

pinwheel /ˈpinwi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small Catherine wheel (firework) 五彩转轮(一种烟火) 2  a thing which looks or works like a Catherine wheel; a flat rotating spiral 销轮；风车 ●v. intr.  spin or rotate like a pinwheel (似转轮般)旋转

pinworm /ˈpinwɜ:m/ n.  a small parasitic nematode worm, Enterobius vermicularis, of which the female has a pointed tail 蛲虫(一种寄生虫)

piny /ˈpaini/ adj. (also 亦作 piney)  of, like, or full of pines 松树的，似松树的；松树丛生的  a piny smell  松树味

Pinyin /pinˈjin/ n.  a system of romanized spelling for transliterating Chinese (中文)拼音 [Chinese pīn-yīn, literally ‘spell sound’]

pinyon var.  of PI ÑON PIÑON 的变体

piolet /pjəʊˈlei/ n.  a two-headed ice axe for mountaineering (登山用的)冰镐 [French]

pion /ˈpaiɒn/ n. Physics  a meson having a mass approximately 270 times that of an electron Also called 亦称作 pi-meson 【物理学】π介子(质量约为电子的 270 倍) □ pionic  /paiˈɒnik/ adj.   [PI1 (the letter used as a symbol for the particle) + -ON]

pioneer /paiəˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an initiator of a new enterprise, an inventor, etc. 创始人，先驱，倡导者 2  an explorer or settler; a colonist 探索者；开拓者；拓荒者 3 Mil.  a member of an infantry group preparing roads, terrain, etc. for the main body of troops 【军】工兵 ●v.  1  a tr.  initiate or originate (an enterprise etc.) 创办，开创(事业等)b intr.  act or prepare the way as a pioneer 当先驱，当先锋 2 tr. Mil.  open up (a road etc.) as a pioneer 【军】开辟(道路等) 3 tr.  go before, lead, or conduct (another person or persons) 居先；带领；引领(他人或人们) [French pionnier ‘foot soldier, pioneer’, Old French paonier, peon(n)ier (as PEON)]

pious /ˈpaiəs/ adj.  1  devout; religious 虔诚的；笃信宗教的 2  hypocritically virtuous; sanctimonious 虚伪的；假虔诚的 3  dutiful 尽责的 □ piously  adv.  □ piousness  n.   [Latin pius ‘dutiful, pious’]

pious fraud n.  a deception intended to benefit those deceived, esp. religiously (尤指在宗教方面为了受骗一方的利益而进行的)虔诚欺诈

pip1 /pip/ n. & v. ●n.  the seed of an apple, pear, orange, grape, etc. (苹果、梨、橘子、葡萄等的)种子，籽 ●v. tr. (pipped, pipping)  remove the pips from (fruit etc.) 从(水果等中)去籽 □ pipless  adj.   [abbreviation of PIPPIN]

pip2 /pip/ n. Brit.  a short high-pitched sound, usu. mechanically produced, esp. as a radio time signal [英]短而尖的声音(通常为机械声，尤指电台的报时信号) [imitative]

pip3 /pip/ n.  1  any of the spots on a playing card, dice, or domino (纸牌、骰子或多米诺骨牌上的)点 2 Brit.  a star (1-3 according to rank) on the shoulder of an army officer's uniform [英] (军服肩章上的)星(根据军衔 1 至 3 颗不等) 3  a single blossom of a clustered head of flowers (簇花中的)1 朵花 4  a diamond-shaped segment of the surface of a pineapple (菠萝表面的)菱形块 5  an image of an object on a radar screen (雷达显示器上的)物体图像 [16th c. peep, of unknown origin]

pip4 /pip/ n.  1  a disease of poultry etc. causing thick mucus in the throat and white scale on the tongue 舌喉炎(禽鸟等患有的喉上生黏、舌上生鳞屑的一种疾病) 2 colloq.  a fit of disgust or bad temper (esp. give one the pip (尤指)使人厌恶或生气) [口]一阵厌恶；坏脾气 [Middle English from Middle Dutch pippe, Middle Low German pip, probably ultimately from corruption of Latin pituita ‘slime’]

pip5 /pip/ v. tr. (pipped, pipping) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  hit with a shot 用枪击中 2  defeat 打败，击败 3  blackball 投票反对 □ pip at (or to) the post   defeat at the last moment 在最后一刻击败□ pip out   die 死 [PIP2 or PIP1]

pipa /piˈpɑ:, ˈpaipə, ˈpipə/ n.  = SURINAME TOAD  [probably from Galibi]

pipal var.  of PEEPUL  PEEPUL 的变体

pipe /paip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tube of metal, plastic, wood, etc. used to convey water, gas, etc. (用于输送水、煤气等的)管子，管道 2  a (also 亦作 tobacco pipe)  a narrow wooden or clay etc. tube with a bowl at one end containing burning tobacco, the smoke from which is drawn into the mouth 烟斗，旱烟袋b  the quantity of tobacco held by this 1 烟斗的量  smoked a pipe  抽 1 斗烟 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a wind instrument consisting of a single tube 单管管乐器b  any of the tubes by which sound is produced in an organ (管风琴的)音管(或风管、簧管等)c (in pl. 用复数)  bagpipes (see 见 BAGPIPE) 风笛d (in pl. 用复数)  a set of pipes joined together, e.g. pan pipes 排箫 4  a tubal organ, vessel, etc. in an animal's body (动物体内的)管状器官(或脉管等) 5  a high note or song, esp. of a bird 尖细的声音(或歌声) (尤指鸟鸣声) 6  a cylindrical vein of ore 管状矿脉 7  a cavity in cast metal (铸件的)缩孔 8  a  a boatswain's whistle (水手长的)哨子b  the sounding of this (水手长的)哨子声 9  a cask for wine, esp. as a measure of two hogsheads, usu. equivalent to 105 gallons (about 477 litres) (盛酒的)大桶(尤指 2 豪格海计量，相当于 105 加仑，约 477 升) 10 archaic  the voice, esp. in singing [古义]声音(尤指歌声) ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  play (a tune etc.) on a pipe or pipes (用管乐器)吹奏(曲调等) 2  a  convey (oil, water, gas, etc.) by pipes 用管道输送(石油、水、煤气等)b  provide with pipes 给…装管道 3  transmit (music, a radio programme, etc.) by wire or cable (用有线系统)播送(音乐、广播节目等) 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, on, to, etc.) Naut. 【海】  a  summon (a crew) to a meal, work, etc. 召唤(船员)吃饭(或工作等)b  signal the arrival of (an officer etc.) on board 发信号示意(军官等)上船 5  utter in a shrill voice; whistle 用尖锐的声音说；吹哨子向…发令 6  a  arrange (icing, cream, etc.) in decorative lines or twists on a cake etc. 把(糖霜、奶油等)洒在糕点上裱花b  ornament (a cake etc.) with piping (用裱花花饰)装点(糕点等) 7  trim (a dress etc.) with piping 给(衣服等)滚边 8  lead or bring (a person etc.) by the sound of a pipe 用哨声指挥(或召集) (人等) 9  propagate (pinks etc.) by taking cuttings at the joint of a stem 从(茎节处)取插枝繁殖(石竹花等) □ pipe away   give a signal for (a boat) to start 发信号开(船)□ pipe down   1 colloq.  be quiet or less insistent [口] (使)安静下来；不再十分坚持 2 Naut.  dismiss from duty 【海】使下班□ pipe up   begin to play, sing, speak, etc. 开始吹奏(或唱歌、说话等)□ put that in your pipe and smoke it  colloq.  a challenge to another to accept something frank or unwelcome [口] (挑衅的话：你要么痛痛快快地接受，否则对你不客气)这事你得好好掂量掂量□ pipeful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ pipeless  adj.  □ pipy  adj.   [Old English pīpe, pīpian & Old French piper from Germanic, ultimately from Latin pipare ‘peep, chirp’]

pipe band n.  a (esp. military) band consisting of bagpipe players, drummers, and a drum major (尤指军队的)风笛乐队

pipeclay /ˈpaipklei/ n. & v. ●n.  a fine white clay used for tobacco pipes, whitening leather, etc. 白陶土(可制烟斗、鞋粉等) ●v. tr.  1  whiten (leather etc.) with this (用白陶土)使(皮革等)变白 2  put in order 使…整齐

pipe-cleaner n.  a piece of flexible covered wire for cleaning a tobacco pipe (清除烟垢用的)烟斗通条

piped music n. pre-recorded background music played through loudspeakers in a public place (在公众场合播放的预先录制好的)背景音乐

pipe dream n.  an unattainable or fanciful hope or scheme 幻想，白日梦，空想 [originally as experienced when smoking an opium pipe]

pipefish /ˈpaipfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various long slender fish of the family Syngnathidae, with an elongated snout 海龙科鱼(身体细长，长有一个长鼻子)

pipe-light n.  a spill for lighting a pipe 点烟斗用的捻子

pipeline /ˈpaiplain/ n.  1  a long, usu. underground, pipe for conveying esp. oil (尤指长距离从地下输送石油的)管道，管线 2  a channel supplying goods, information, etc. (供应物品、信息等的)渠道，途径 □ in the pipeline   awaiting completion or processing 在进行中，在处理中

pipe major n.  an NCO commanding regimental pipers 风笛军乐队的指挥(主吹奏手)

pip emma /pip ˈemə/ adv. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = P.M.  [formerly signallers' names for letters PM]

pipe organ n. Mus.  an organ using pipes instead of or as well as reeds 【音】管风琴

piper /ˈpaipə/ n.  1  a bagpipe-player 风笛吹奏者 2  a person who plays a pipe, esp. an itinerant musician 管乐器吹奏者(尤指流浪艺人) [Old English pīpere (as PIPE)]

pipe-rack n.  a rack for holding tobacco pipes 烟斗架

piperidine /piˈperidi:n, pai-/ n. Chem.  a peppery-smelling liquid formed by the reduction of pyridine 【化】哌啶，杂氮环己烷 [Latin piper ‘pepper’ + -IDE + -INE4]

pipe roll n. hist.  the annual records of the British Exchequer from the 12th － 19th c. (probably because subsidiary documents were rolled in pipe form) [史义]卷筒，卷宗，财政部大档 (12 至 19 世纪的英国财政部年度纪录) (可能因为附属文件卷成卷筒状，故称之)

pipe-stem n.  the shaft of a tobacco pipe 烟斗管

pipe-stone n.  a hard red clay used by N. American Indians for tobacco pipes 烟斗石(北美印第安人用此制作烟斗)

pipette /piˈpet/ n. & v. ●n.  a slender tube for transferring or measuring small quantities of liquids esp. in chemistry (尤指化学中的)移液管，吸液管 ●v. tr.  transfer or measure (a liquid) using a pipette 用移液管吸移(液体)，用吸液管测量(液体) [French, diminutive of pipe PIPE]

pipework /ˈpaipwɜ:k/ n.  pipes collectively 管(总称)

piping /ˈpaipiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of piping, esp. whistling or singing 吹奏(声)；(尤指)吹哨(声)；歌唱(声) 2  a thin pipelike fold used to edge hems or frills on clothing, seams on upholstery, etc. (衣服的)滚边，折边 3  ornamental lines of icing, cream, potato, etc. on a cake or other dish (糕点或菜肴上的)花饰 4  lengths of pipe, or a system of pipes, esp. in domestic use (尤指家用的)管道；管道系统 ●adj. (of a noise) high; whistling (声音)高声的；呼啸的

piping hot adj. & adv.  very or suitably hot (esp. as required of food, water, etc.) 滚烫的(尤指食物、水等所需的热度)

pipistrelle /pipiˈstrel, ˈpip-/ n.  any bat of the genus Pipistrellus, native to temperate regions and feeding on insects (油蝠属)蝙蝠，油蝠 [French from Italian pipistrello, vip-, via Latin vespertilio ‘bat’ from vesper ‘evening’]

pipit /ˈpipit/ n.  any of various mainly ground-dwelling songbirds of the genus Anthus, having brown-streaked plumage, e.g. the meadow pipit 鹨属歌鸟(如草地鹨) [probably imitative]

pipkin /ˈpipkin/ n.  a small earthenware pot or pan (陶质的)小瓦罐；小瓦锅 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pippin /ˈpipin/ n.  1  a  an apple grown from seed 用种子培植的苹果b  a red and yellow dessert apple (作为甜品食用的黄里透红的)点心苹果 2 colloq.  an excellent person or thing; a beauty [口]优秀的人(或物)；美人 [Middle English from Old French pepin, of unknown origin]

pipsqueak /ˈpipskwi:k/ n. colloq.  an insignificant or contemptible person or thing [口]无足轻重的人；可鄙的人；微不足道的事物；可鄙的事物 [imitative]

piquant /ˈpi:k(ə)nt, -kɑ:nt/ adj.  1  agreeably pungent, sharp, or appetizing 辛辣的；开胃的 2  pleasantly stimulating, or disquieting, to the mind 使人振奋的；振奋人心的 □ piquancy  n.  □ piquantly  adv.   [French, pres. part. of piquer (as PIQUE1)]

pique1 /pi:k/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (piques, piqued, piquing)  1  wound the pride of, irritate 伤害…的自尊；激怒 2  arouse (curiosity, interest, etc.) 引起(好奇、兴趣等) 3 (作 refl.; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  pride or congratulate oneself 使自豪；使庆幸 ●n.  ill feeling; enmity; resentment 不悦；不和；不满  in a fit of pique  一气之下 [French piquer ‘prick, irritate’, from Romanic]

pique2 /pi:k/ n. & v. ●n.  the winning of 30 points on cards and play in piquet before one's opponent scores anything (皮克牌戏中)30 比 0 的胜局，完胜 ●v. (piques, piqued, piquing)  1 tr.  score a pique against 30 比 0 赢(对手)，完胜 2 intr.  score a pique 三十比零赢，完胜 [French pic, of unknown origin]

piquet1 /piˈket/ n.  a game for two players with a pack of 32 cards (seven up to ace only) 皮克牌(一种两人玩的只用 7 至 A 共 32 张牌的纸牌戏) [French, of unknown origin]

piquet2 var.  of PICKET  n. 3 PICKET 名词 3 的变体

piqué /ˈpi:kei/ n.  a stiff ribbed cotton or other fabric 凹凸织物 [French, past part. of piquer: see PIQUE1]

piracy /ˈpairəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the practice or an act of robbery of ships at sea 海上抢劫；海盗行为 2  a similar practice or act in other forms, esp. hijacking 抢劫行为(尤指劫持) 3  the infringement of copyright by unauthorized reproduction or use of something 侵犯版权 [medieval Latin piratia from Greek pirateia (as PIRATE)]

piragua /piˈræɡwə/ n.  = PIROGUE  [Spanish from Carib, = dugout]

piranha /piˈrɑ:nə, -njə/ n. (also 亦作 piraya /-ˈrɑ:jə/)  a predatory S. American freshwater fish, esp. of the genus Serrasalmus, noted for its voracity and sharp teeth 锯脂鲤(南美一种利齿暴食的淡水鱼) [Portuguese from Tupi, variant of piraya ‘scissors’]

pirate /ˈpairət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person who commits piracy 海盗b  a ship used by pirates 海盗船 2  a person who infringes another's copyright or other business rights; a plagiarist 侵犯版权(或专利权等)者；剽窃者 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person, organization, etc., that broadcasts without official authorization 非法广播无线电节目的人(或组织等)  pirate radio station  无执照无线电台 ●v. tr.  1  appropriate or reproduce (the work or ideas etc. of another) without permission, for one's own benefit (为赢利)盗用(或复制) (他人作品、思想等) 2  plunder 抢掠 □ piratic  /-ˈrætik/ adj.  □ piratical  /-ˈrætik(ə)l/ adj.  □ piratically  /-ˈrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Latin pirata from Greek peiratēs, from peiraō ‘attempt, assault’]

piraya var.  of PIRANHA  PIRANHA 的变体

piripiri /ˈpiripiri/ n. (pl. piripiris) NZ  a plant of the rose family, Acaena anserinifolia, native to New Zealand and having prickly burs [新]刺果薇 [Maori]

pirogue /piˈrəʊɡ/ n.  1  a long narrow canoe made from a single tree trunk 独木舟 2  a two-masted sailing barge 双桅平底船 [French, probably from Galibi]

pirouette /pirʊˈet/ n. & v. ●n.  a dancer's spin on one foot or the point of the toe 单足旋转；足尖旋转 ●v. intr.  perform a pirouette 做单足(或足尖)旋转 [French, = spinning top]

pis aller /pi:z ˈælei, 法 piz ale/ n.  a course of action followed as a last resort 最后一招，权宜之计 [French, from pis ‘worse’ + aller ‘go’]

piscary /ˈpiskəri/ n.   □ common of piscary   the right of fishing in another's water in common with the owner and others 渔场共用权 [Middle English from medieval Latin piscaria, neut. pl. of Latin piscarius, from piscis ‘fish’]

piscatorial /piskəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  = PISCATORY 1  □ piscatorially  adv.  

piscatory /ˈpiskət(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or concerning fishermen or fishing 渔民的；钓鱼的；与渔民有关的；与渔业有关的 2 formal  enthusiastic about fishing [正式]钓鱼入迷的 [Latin piscatorius via piscator ‘fisherman’ from piscis ‘fish’]

Pisces /ˈpaisi:z, ˈpiski:z/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Fish or Fishes), said to represent a pair of fishes tied together by their tails 【天】双鱼星座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the twelfth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 20 Feb 双鱼宫(黄道第十二宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 双鱼宫时段出生的人 □ Piscean  /ˈpaisiən/ n. & adj.   [Middle English from Latin, pl. of piscis ‘fish’]

pisciculture /ˈpisikʌltʃə/ n.  the artificial rearing of fish 养鱼学；养鱼业 □ piscicultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ pisciculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [Latin piscis ‘fish’, on the pattern of agriculture etc.]

piscina /piˈsi:nə, piˈsainə/ n. (pl. piscinae /-ni:/ or piscinas)  1  a stone basin near the altar in RC and pre-Reformation churches for draining water used in the Mass (教堂祭台近旁用于排去洗礼用水的)排水石盆 2  a fish pond 鱼塘 3 hist.  a Roman bathing pond [史义]罗马浴池 [Latin, from piscis ‘fish’]

piscine /ˈpisain/ adj.  of or concerning fish 鱼的；与鱼相关的 [Latin piscis ‘fish’]

piscivorous /piˈsiv(ə)rəs/ adj.  fish-eating 食鱼的；食鱼类的 [Latin piscis ‘fish’ + -VOROUS]

pish /piʃ/ int.  an expression of contempt, impatience, or disgust 呸！啐！ (表示蔑视、不耐烦或厌恶) [imitative]

pisiform /ˈpaisifɔ:m, ˈpizi-/ adj.  pea-shaped 豌豆状的 [modern Latin pisiformis from pisum ‘pea’]

pisiform bone n.  a small bone in the wrist in the upper row of the carpus 豌豆骨

pismire /ˈpismaiə/ n. dial.  an ant [方]蚂蚁 [Middle English, from PISS (from smell of anthill) + obsolete mire ‘ant’]

piss /pis/ v. & n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●v.  1 intr.  urinate 小便，撒尿 2 tr.  a  discharge (blood etc.) when urinating 尿(血等)b  wet with urine 尿湿 3 tr. (as 作 pissed adj.) Brit.  drunk [英]喝醉的 4 refl.  a  wet one's clothing with urine 尿湿某人的衣服b  be very frightened, amused, or excited 极为害怕；乐不可支；十分兴奋 5 tr. (as 作 pissed adj.) N. Amer.  annoyed; depressed [北美]烦恼的；沮丧的 ●n.  1  urine 尿，小便 2  an act of urinating 撒尿，小便 □ piss about  Brit.  fool or mess about [英]混日子，游手好闲□ piss down   rain heavily 下大雨□ piss in the wind   do something to no effect or against one's own interests 劳而无功；事与愿违□ piss off  Brit. [英]  1  go away 走开 2 (often as 常作 pissed off adj.)  annoy; depress 使恼怒；使沮丧□ piss on   show utter contempt for, esp. by humiliating; defeat heavily (尤指通过羞辱来)亵渎；重创□ take the piss  (often foll. by 常后跟 out of) Brit.  mock; deride [英]嘲笑；嘲弄 [Middle English from Old French pisser (imitative)]

piss artist n. Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语]  1  a drunkard 醉鬼 2  a person who fools about 游手好闲的人 3  a glib person 油嘴滑舌的人

pissoir /pi:ˈswɑ:, ˈpiswɑ:, 法 piswær/ n.  a public urinal 公共小便处 [French]

pisspot /ˈpispɒt/ n. coarse slang  a chamber pot [粗俗俚语]尿壶，夜壶

piss-take n. Brit. coarse slang  a parody [英] [粗俗俚语]拙劣的模仿

piss-taker n. Brit. coarse slang  a person who mocks [英] [粗俗俚语]取笑人的人，嘲弄者 □ piss-taking  n.  

piss-up n. Brit. coarse slang  a drinking spree [英] [粗俗俚语]狂饮，痛饮

pistachio /piˈstɑ:ʃiəʊ, piˈstætʃəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  an evergreen tree, Pistacia vera, bearing small brownish-green flowers and ovoid reddish fruit 开心果，阿月浑子(一种常青树，开绿褐色小花，结红色卵圆形果实) 2 (in full 全称 pistachio nut)  the edible pale green seed of this 开心果，阿月浑子(指果实或籽，可食，呈淡绿色) 3 (in full 全称 pistachio green)  a pale green colour 淡绿色 ●adj. (in full 全称 pistachio green; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  pale green 淡绿色的 [Italian pistaccio and Spanish pistacho, via Latin pistacium and Greek pistakion from Persian pistah]

piste /pi:st/ n.  a ski run of compacted snow (板实的)滑雪道 [French, = racetrack]

pisteur /pi:ˈstɜ:/ n.  a person employed to prepare the snow on a skiing piste 为滑雪道备雪的雇工 [French]

pistil /ˈpistil/ n.  the female organs of a flower, comprising the stigma, style, and ovary 雌蕊(群) □ pistillary  adj.  □ pistilliferous  /-ˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ pistilline  /-lain/ adj.   [French pistile or Latin pistillum PESTLE]

pistillate /ˈpistilət/ adj.  1  having pistils 有雌蕊的 2  having pistils but no stamens 只有雌蕊的

pistol /ˈpist(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small hand-held firearm 手枪 2  anything of a similar shape 手枪状物 ●v. tr. (pistolled, pistolling; US [美] pistoled, pistoling)  shoot with a pistol 用手枪射击 □ hold a pistol to a person's head   coerce a person by threats 胁迫某人 [obsolete French, via German Pistole from Czech pišt'al]

pistole /piˈstəʊl/ n. hist.  a foreign (esp. Spanish) gold coin [史义]外国(尤指西班牙)金币 [French pistole abbreviation of pistolet (with the same meaning), of uncertain origin]

pistoleer /pistəˈliə/ n.  a soldier armed with a pistol 持有手枪的士兵

pistol grip n.  a handle shaped like a pistol-butt 手枪式握把

pistol shot n.  1  the range of a pistol 手枪射程 2  a shot fired from a pistol 手枪射出的子弹

pistol-whip v. tr. (-whipped, -whipping)  beat with a pistol 用手枪击打

piston /ˈpist(ə)n/ n.  1  a disc or short cylinder fitting closely within a tube in which it moves up and down against a liquid or gas, used in an internal-combustion engine to derive motion, or in a pump to impart motion 活塞 2  a sliding valve in a trumpet etc. (喇叭等上的)活塞阀键 [French from Italian pistone, variant of pestone, augmentative of pestello PESTLE]

piston engine n.  an engine, esp. in an aircraft, in which motion is derived from a piston (尤指飞机上的)活塞发动机 □ piston-engined  adj.  

piston ring n.  a ring on a piston sealing the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall 活塞环

piston rod n.  a rod or crankshaft attached to a piston to drive a wheel or to impart motion 活塞杆

pit1 /pit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a usu. large deep hole in the ground 穴，洞，坑b  a hole made in digging for industrial purposes, esp. for coal 采矿坑；(尤指)煤矿  chalk pit  白垩矿场 gravel pit  采石场c  a covered hole as a trap for esp. wild animals (尤指捕猎野兽用的)陷阱，陷坑 2  a  an indentation left after smallpox, acne, etc. (天花、痤疮等留下的)痘凹，凹痕b  a hollow in a plant or animal body or on any surface (植物、动物身体上或物体表面上的)窝，凹陷 3  a  = ORCHESTRA 2a b Brit. Theatr. [英]【戏】 (usu. hist. [通常史义])  seating at the back of the stalls, or the people seated there 正厅后座；正厅后座观众 4  a (the pit or bottomless pit)  hell 地狱b (the pits) slang  a wretched or the worst imaginable place, situation, person, etc. [俚语]想像中恶劣(或最差)的地方(或形势、人等) 5  a  an area at the side of a track where racing cars are serviced and refuelled (赛车道旁的)检修加油站b  a sunken area in a workshop floor for access to a car's underside (修车处的)检修坑 6 N. Amer.  the part of the floor of an exchange allotted to special trading [北美] (特定贸易的)交易场地  wheat-pit  小麦交易场 7  an enclosure in which animals are made to fight (cf. 参见 COCKPIT 3) 斗兽场 8 Brit. slang  a bed [英] [俚语]床 ●v. (pitted, pitting)  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  a  set (one's wits, strength, etc.) in opposition or rivalry 使(某人的智力、力量等)对抗(或较量)b  set (a cock, dog, etc.) to fight, originally in a pit, against another 使(鸡、狗等)相斗(或互斗) 2 tr. (usu. as 通常作 pitted adj.)  make pits, esp. scars, in 留有凹陷；留有麻点(尤指疤痕) 3 intr. (of the flesh etc.) retain the impression of a finger etc. when touched (肉体等被压后)起凹陷 4 tr.  put (esp. vegetables for storage) into a pit 放入窖中(尤指储存蔬菜) □ dig a pit for   try to ensnare 设法使…落入圈套 [Old English pytt, ultimately from Latin puteus ‘well’]

pit2 /pit/ n. & v. esp. US [尤美] ●n.  the stone of a fruit 水果核 ●v. tr. (pitted, pitting)  remove pits from (fruit) 除去(水果的)核 [perhaps Dutch, related to PITH]

pita var.  of PITTA1  PITTA1 的变体

pit-a-pat /ˈpitəpæt/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 pitter-patter /ˈpitəpætə/) ●adv.  1  with a sound like quick light steps 劈劈啪啪地；卜卜地 2  with a faltering sound 噗噗响地  heart went pit-a-pat  心噗噗地跳 ●n.  such a sound 噗噗的心跳声 [imitative]

pit bull n. (in full 全称 pit bull terrier)  a dog of an American variety of bull terrier, noted for its ferocity 美洲斗牛猎狗(以凶猛闻名)

pitch1 /pitʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  erect and fix (a tent, camp, etc.) 架设，固定(帐篷、营棚等) 2 tr.  a  throw; fling 扔，掷；投b (in games) throw (a flat object) towards a mark (游戏中)把(扁平物)掷向目标 3 tr.  fix or plant (a thing) in a definite position 把(某物)置于特定位置 4 tr.  express in a particular style or at a particular level 以某种风格(或水平)表达  pitched his argument at the most basic level  用最基本的道理阐述他的论点 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, into, etc.)  fall heavily, esp. headlong (尤指头向前)跌倒 6 intr. (of a moving ship etc.) rock or oscillate so that the front moves up and down (cf. 参见 ROLL v. 8a) (行驶中的船等)前颠后簸地摇荡 7 tr. Mus.  set at a particular pitch 【音】为…定音调 8 intr. (of a roof etc.) slope downwards (屋顶等)向下倾斜 9 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  move with a vigorous jogging motion, as in a train, carriage, etc. (火车、马车等)颠簸摇晃地行驶 10 Cricket 【板球】  a tr.  cause (a bowled ball) to strike the ground at a specified point etc. 使(投球)击地b intr. (of a bowled ball) strike the ground (投球)击地 11 tr. colloq.  tell (a yarn or a tale) [口]讲述(奇谈或故事) 12 tr. Golf  play (a ball) with a pitch shot 【高尔夫球】击(球) 13 tr.  pave (a road) with stones 用石子铺(路) ●n.  1  a Brit.  the area of play in a field game [英]板球场b Cricket  the area between the creases 【板球】投球限制区之间的场地 2  height, degree, intensity, etc. 高度；程度(或强度等)  the pitch of despair  绝望程度 nerves were strung to a pitch  神经极度紧张 3  a  the steepness of a slope, esp. of a roof, stratum, etc. (尤指屋顶、地层等的)倾斜b  the degree of such a pitch 倾斜度 4 Mus. 【音】  a  that quality of a sound which is governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone 音高；音高度b  a standard scale of this used in performance etc. (cf. 参见 CONCERT PITCH 1) (表演等中的)音高标准 5  the pitching motion of a ship etc. (船舶等的)前后颠簸 6 Cricket  the act or mode of delivery in bowling, or the spot where the ball bounces 【板球】投球；投球方式；落球点 7 colloq.  a salesman's advertising or selling approach [口]推销话；推销方式 8 Brit.  a place where a street vendor sells wares, has a stall, etc. [英] (街头商贩的)设摊处，摊铺 9 (also 亦作 pitch shot) Golf  a high approach shot with a short run 【高尔夫球】下旋高球 10 Mech.  the distance between successive corresponding points or lines, e.g. between the teeth of a cogwheel etc. 【机】齿节，节距 11  the height to which a falcon etc. soars before swooping on its prey (鹰等扑向猎物前的)俯冲高度 12  the delivery of a baseball by a pitcher (棒球运动中的)投球 □ pitch in  colloq.  set to work vigorously [口]着手大干□ pitch into  colloq. [口]  1  attack forcibly with blows, words, etc. (用拳、话语等)猛烈攻击 2  assail (food, work, etc.) vigorously 大吃特吃(食物)；大干特干(工作等)□ pitch on (or upon)  Brit.  happen to select [英]选上，选中□ pitch up  Cricket  bowl (a ball) to bounce near the batsman 【板球】把(球)投到靠近击球手的位置□ pitch wickets  Cricket  fix the stumps in the ground and place the bails 【板球】(场地上)固定三柱门的柱和横木 [earlier = thrust a stake etc. into the ground: Middle English pic(c)he, perhaps related to Old English picung ‘stigmata’]

pitch2 /pitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sticky resinous black or dark brown substance obtained by distilling tar or turpentine, semi-liquid when hot, hard when cold, and used for caulking the seams of ships etc. 沥青 2  any of various bituminous substances including asphalt 含有沥青的物质 ●v. tr.  cover, coat, or smear with pitch 用沥青覆盖(或涂抹) [Old English pic via Germanic from Latin pix picis]

pitch-and-toss n.  a gambling game in which coins are pitched at a mark and then tossed 一种向目标投掷硬币的赌博游戏

pitch-black adj. (also 亦作 pitch-dark)  very or completely dark 漆黑的

pitchblende /ˈpitʃblend/ n.  a mineral form of uranium oxide occurring in pitchlike masses and also containing radium 沥青铀矿 [German Pechblende (as PITCH2, BLENDE)]

pitched battle n.  1  a vigorous argument etc. 激烈的争论(或争吵等) 2 Mil.  a battle planned beforehand and fought on chosen ground 【军】对阵战

pitched roof n.  a sloping roof 斜屋顶

pitcher1 /ˈpitʃə/ n.  1  a Brit.  a large usu. earthenware jug with a lip and a handle, for holding liquids [英] (有柄有口的陶质的)大水罐b US [美]  = JUGn. 1  2  the modified leaf of a pitcher plant 瓶状叶 3 (in pl. 用复数)  broken pottery crushed and reused 碎陶器捣碎后重新使用 □ pitcherful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Old French pichier, pechier, from Frankish]

pitcher2 /ˈpitʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that pitches 投掷者；投掷物 2 Baseball  a player who delivers the ball to the batter 【棒球】投手 3  a stone used for paving 铺路石

pitcher plant n.  any of various plants of the families Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae with leaves modified into deep pouches that can hold liquids, trap insects, etc. 猪笼草，瓶子草

pitchfork /ˈpitʃfɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a long-handled two-pronged fork for pitching hay etc. 干草叉(长柄，用于叉干草等) ●v. tr.  1  throw with or as if with a pitchfork (似)用干草叉叉起抛出 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  thrust (a person) forcibly into a position, office, etc. 强行把(人)推上(某个位置或职位等) [in Middle English pickfork, probably from PICK2 + FORK, associated with PITCH1]

pitch pine n.  any of various pine trees with very resinous wood, esp. Pinus rigida or P. palustris of N. America (产于北美的)油松

pitch-pipe n. Mus.  a small pipe blown to set the pitch for singing or tuning 【音】调音管，音高管

pitchstone /ˈpitʃstəʊn/ n.  a dull vitreous rock resembling pitch 松脂石，松脂岩

pitchy /ˈpitʃi/ adj. (pitchier, pitchiest)  of, like, or dark as pitch 沥青的；沥青似的；漆黑的

piteous /ˈpitiəs/ adj.  deserving or causing pity; wretched 值得同情的；令人同情的；可怜的 □ piteously  adv.  □ piteousness  n.   [Middle English pito(u)s etc. via Anglo-French pitous, Old French pitos from Romanic (as PIETY)]

pitfall /ˈpitfɔ:l/ n.  1  an unsuspected snare, danger, or drawback 没有料到的圈套(或危险、挫折) 2  a covered pit for trapping animals etc. (捕获动物等的)陷阱

pith /piθ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  spongy white tissue lining the rind of an orange, lemon, etc. (橙子、柠檬等皮下的)海绵层，中果皮 2  the essential part; the quintessence 核心；精髓  came to the pith of his argument  触及他论据的核心 3 Bot.  the spongy cellular tissue in the stems and branches of dicotyledonous plants 【植】(双子叶纲植物的枝、茎中的)海绵蜂窝组织，木髓 4  a  physical strength; vigour 体力；精力b  force; energy 力量；能量 5 archaic  spinal marrow [古义]脊髓 ●v. tr.  1  remove the pith or marrow from 除去…的木髓(或海绵层) 2  slaughter or immobilize (an animal) by severing the spinal cord (用切断脊髓的方法)杀死(动物)；使(动物)瘫痪 □ pithless  adj.   [Old English pitha, from West Germanic]

pithead /ˈpithed/ n.  1  the top of a mine shaft 矿井口 2  the area surrounding this 矿井口周围的场地

pith helmet n.  a lightweight sun-helmet made from the dried pith of the sola etc. (用合欢草等的木髓制成的)轻便遮阳帽

pithos /ˈpiθɒs/ n. (pl. pithoi /-θɔi/) Archaeol.  a large storage jar 【考古】(储物用的)大缸 [Greek]

pithy /ˈpiθi/ adj. (pithier, pithiest)  1 (of style, speech, etc.) condensed, terse, and forcible (风格、说话等)简练的；简洁有力的 2  of, like, or containing much pith 髓的；似髓的；多髓的 □ pithily  adv.  □ pithiness  n.  

pitiable /ˈpitiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving or causing pity 值得同情的；令人怜悯的 2  contemptible 可鄙的 □ pitiableness  n.  □ pitiably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French piteable, pitoiable (as PITY)]

pitiful /ˈpitifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing pity 令人同情的 2  contemptible 可鄙的 3 archaic  compassionate [古义]有同情心的 □ pitifully  adv.  □ pitifulness  n.  

pitiless /ˈpitilis/ adj.  showing no pity 无怜悯心的，无情的  the pitiless heat of the desert  沙漠的酷热 □ pitilessly  adv.  □ pitilessness  n.  

pitman /ˈpitmən/ n.  1 (pl. -men)  a collier 矿工 2 US (pl. -mans)  a connecting rod in machinery [美] (机器的)连杆，摇杆

pit of the stomach n.  1  the floor of the stomach 胃底 2  the depression below the bottom of the breastbone 胸口，心口

piton /ˈpi:tɒn/ n.  a peg or spike driven into a rock or crack to support a climber or a rope (登山者用的)钢钎 [French, = eye bolt]

Pitot tube /ˈpi:təʊ/ n.  a device consisting of an open-ended right-angled tube used to measure the speed or flow of a fluid 皮托管，全压管(一种测定流体速度的装置) [named after H. Pitot, French physicist d. 1771]

pitpan /ˈpitpæn/ n.  a Central American boat made from a tree trunk (中美洲的)独木舟 [Miskito]

pit pony n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  a pony kept underground for haulage in coal mines (煤矿中用于牵引的)井下小马

pit prop n.  a balk of wood used to support the roof of a coal mine (煤矿中的)坑木，窑木

pit-saw n.  a large saw for use in a saw-pit 坑锯，双人竖拉大锯

pit stop n. Motor Racing  a stop at a pit for servicing and refuelling 【赛车】(因维修或加油而)停车

pitta1 /ˈpitə/ n. (also 亦作 pita)  a flat hollow unleavened bread which can be split and filled with salad etc. (中间凹陷可填色拉等的不发酵的)空心圆面包 [modern Greek, = a cake]

pitta2 /ˈpitə/ n.  a brightly coloured passerine bird with a strong bill and short tail, of the Old World genus Pitta and family Pittidae 八色鸫属鸟 [Telegu pitta ‘(young) bird’]

pittance /ˈpit(ə)ns/ n.  1  a scanty or meagre allowance, remuneration, etc. 少量津贴(或报酬等)  paid him a mere pittance  付给他微薄的工资 2  a small number or amount 少量，小额 3 hist.  a pious bequest to a religious house for extra food etc. [史义] (给宗教组织的)小额捐赠(用于购买额外食物等) [Middle English via Old French pitance and medieval Latin pi(e)tantia from Latin pietas PITY]

pitter-patter var.  of PIT-A-PAT  PIT-A-PAT 的变体

pittosporum /piˈtɒsp(ə)rəm/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Pittosporum, chiefly native to Australasia, with small often fragrant flowers 海桐花属植物(产自澳大拉西亚，常青灌木，结小朵香花) [Greek pitta PITCH2 + sporos ‘seed’]

Pittsburgh /ˈpitsbɜ:g/ n.  匹兹堡 [美国城市]

pituitary /piˈtju:it(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 pituitary gland or pituitary body)  a small ductless gland at the base of the brain secreting various hormones essential for growth and other bodily functions (脑)垂体 ●adj.  of or relating to this gland (脑)垂体的；与(脑)垂体有关的 [Latin pituitarius ‘secreting phlegm’ from pituita ‘phlegm’]

pit viper n.  a viper of the subfamily Crotalinae of America and Asia, having sensory pits on the head which can detect prey by heat, e.g. the rattlesnake 蝮亚科毒蛇(如响尾蛇)

pity /ˈpiti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  sorrow and compassion aroused by another's condition 怜悯；同情  felt pity for the child  怜悯这个孩子 2  something to be regretted; grounds for regret 可惜，遗憾；可惜(或遗憾)的理由  what a pity!  真可惜！ the pity of it is that he didn't mean it  遗憾的是他没有这个意思 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  feel (often contemptuous) pity for 怜悯，同情(常含鄙视意)  they are to be pitied  他们值得怜悯 I pity you if you think that  你们这样想的话就太可悲了 □ for pity's sake   an exclamation of urgent supplication, anger, etc. 行行好吧，发发慈悲吧(表达急切的恳求、恼怒等)□ more's the pity   so much the worse 更为可惜的是，更为遗憾的是□ take pity on   feel or act compassionately towards 同情，怜悯(某人)□ pitying  adj.  □ pityingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French pité from Latin pietas (as PIETY)]

pityriasis /pitiˈraiəsis/ n. Med.  any of a group of skin diseases characterized by the shedding of fine flaky scales 【医】糠疹，蛇皮癣 [modern Latin from Greek pituriasis, from pituron ‘bran’]

pivot /ˈpivət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short shaft or pin on which something turns or oscillates 枢轴，轴销 2  a crucial or essential person, point, etc., in a scheme or enterprise 关键人物，中心人物；要点，中心点 3 Mil.  the man or men about whom a body of troops wheels 【军】基准兵；基准部队 ●v. (pivoted, pivoting)  1 intr.  turn on or as if on a pivot (似)在枢轴上转动 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  hinge on; depend on 随着转移；取决于 3 tr.  provide with or attach by a pivot 把…装(或连)在枢轴上 □ pivotable  adj.  □ pivotability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ pivotal  adj.   [French, of uncertain origin]

pix1 /piks/ n. pl. colloq.  pictures, esp. photographs [口]图片(尤指照片) [abbreviation: cf. PIC]

pix2 var.  of PYX  PYX 的变体

pixel /ˈpiks(ə)l, -sel/ n. Electronics  any of the minute areas of uniform illumination of which an image on a display screen is composed 【电子学】(荧光屏图像的)像素，像点 [abbreviation of picture element: cf. PIX1]

pixelate /ˈpiksəleit/ v. tr. Electronics  display as or divide into pixels 【电子学】以像素(在荧光屏上)显示；分为像点 □ pixelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

pixie /ˈpiksi/ n. (also 亦作 pixy) (pl. -ies)  a being like a fairy; an elf 小精灵 [17th c.: origin unknown]

pixie hat n. (also 亦作 pixie hood)  a child's hat with a pointed crown 尖兜帽

pixilated /ˈpiksileitid/ adj. (also 亦作 pixillated)  1  bewildered; crazy 神经兮兮的；疯疯癫癫的 2  drunk 喝醉了的 [variant of pixie-led (as PIXIE, LED)]

pizazz /piˈzæz/ n. (also 亦作 pizzazz, pzazz, etc.) slang  verve, energy, liveliness, sparkle [俚语]精力；活力；生气；神采

pizza /ˈpi:tsə/ n.  a flat round base of dough baked with a topping of tomatoes, cheese, onions, etc. 比萨饼(意大利饼，上有西红柿、干酪、洋葱等) [Italian, = pie]

pizzeria /pi:tsəˈri:ə/ n.  a place where pizzas are made or sold; a pizza restaurant 制作(或销售)比萨饼的场所；比萨饼店 [Italian (as PIZZA)]

pizzicato /pitsiˈkɑ:təʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  plucking the strings of a violin etc. with the finger 弹拨地，拨奏地 ●adj. (of a note, passage, etc.) performed pizzicato (音符、曲段等)拨弹演奏的 ●n. (pl. pizzicatos or pizzicati /-ti/)  a note, passage, etc. played pizzicato 拨奏的音符(或曲段等) [Italian, past part. of pizzicare ‘twitch’, via pizzare from pizza ‘edge’]

pizzle /ˈpiz(ə)l/ n. esp. Austral.  the penis of an animal, esp. a bull, formerly used as a whip [尤澳] (动物的)阴茎(尤指牛的阴茎，以前用作鞭子) [Low German pesel, diminutive of Middle Low German pēse, Middle Dutch pēze]

pièce de résistance /ˌpjes də reˈzistɒ˜s/ n. (pl. pièces de résistance pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  the most important or remarkable item 最重要的项目；主要项目 2  the most substantial dish at a meal (一餐中的)主菜 [French]

piñon /piˈnjɒn, ˈpinjəʊn/ n. (also 亦作 pinyon)  1  any of several small N. American pines, esp. Pinus edulis, with edible seeds 矮松(籽可食) 2  the seed of such a tree, a type of pine nut 矮松果 [Spanish, from Latin pinea ‘pine cone’]

più /pju:/ adv. Mus.  more 【音】更加，愈发  più piano  更加轻声的 [Italian]

pk. abbr. [缩略]  1  park  2  peak  3  peck(s) 

pl. abbr. [缩略]  1  place  2  plate  3 esp. Mil. (尤)【军】  platoon  4  plural 

PLA abbr. (in the UK) Port of London Authority [缩略] (英国)伦敦港务管理局

placable /ˈplækəb(ə)l/ adj.  easily placated; mild; forgiving 易平息的；温和的；宽容的 □ placability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ placably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French placable or Latin placabilis, from placare ‘appease’]

placard /ˈplækɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a printed or handwritten poster esp. for advertising (印刷或手写的)布告牌；标语牌；(尤指)广告牌 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 plaˈkɑ:d/  1  set up placards on (a wall etc.) (在墙等上)张贴布告 2  advertise by placards (用布告形式)做广告，宣传 3  display (a poster etc.) as a placard 张贴(标语等) [Middle English via Old French placquart, from plaquier ‘to plaster’, from Middle Dutch placken]

placate /pləˈkeit, ˈplækeit, ˈplei-/ v. tr.  pacify; conciliate 平息；抚慰 □ placatingly  adv.  □ placation  /pləˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ placatory  /pləˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin placare placat-]

place /pleis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a particular portion of space 地方；场所b  a portion of space occupied by a person or thing 位置；地点  it has changed its place  它已经改变了位置c  a proper or natural position (恰当、自然的)位置  he is out of his place  他出格了 take your places  你们各就各位 2  a city, town, village, etc. 城；镇(或乡村等)  was born in this place  出生在该地 3  a residence; a dwelling 住所；寓所  has a place in the country  在乡下有一处住所 come round to my place  到我家来 4  a  a group of houses in a town etc., esp. a square (尤指城镇等中四面有街道围着的)房屋区b  a country house with its surroundings 乡下住宅 5  a person's rank or status 等级；地位  know their place  知道他们的身份 a place in history  历史上的地位 6  a space, esp. a seat, for a person 空位(尤指空座位)  two places in the coach  长途公共汽车上有两个空座位 7  a building or area for a specific purpose (有具体用途的)建筑物；场所  place of worship  做礼拜的场所 bathing place  浴室 8  a  a point reached in a book etc. (书等)正读到的某处  lost my place  我找不到上次读到的地方b  a passage in a book (书中的)段落 9  a particular spot on a surface, esp. of the skin (尤指皮肤表面的)特定位置  a sore place on his wrist  他手腕上的一个痛处 10  a  employment or office, esp. government employment (尤指政府部门的)职位；职务  lost his place at the Ministry  失去了他在部里的职务b  the duties or entitlements of office etc. 职责；职权  is his place to hire staff  雇用员工是他的职责 11  a position as a member of a team, a student in a college, etc. (队员、大学生等的)身份，资格 12  a Brit.  any of the first three or sometimes four positions in a race, esp. other than the winner [英] (赛马中尤指除优胜者外的)前三名，前四名  backed it for a place  对它的名次下了注b US  the second position, esp. in a horse race [美] (尤指赛马的)第二名 13  the position of a figure in a series indicated in decimal or similar notation (数字的)位  calculated to 50 decimal places  计算到小数点后第 50 位 ●v. tr.  1  put (a thing etc.) in a particular place or state; arrange 把(某物等)安置于某处(或某种状态)；安排 2  identify, classify, or remember correctly 辨认；分类；记起，记清  cannot place him  记不起他了 3  assign to a particular place; locate 选派到特定地方；确定…的位置 4  a  appoint (a person, esp. a member of the clergy) to a post 任命(某人尤指神职人员)b  find a situation, living, etc. for 为…找工作(或谋生计等)c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  consign to a person's care etc. 把…托付给某人(照顾等)  placed her with her aunt  把她托付给她的姑姑 5  assign rank, importance, or worth to 给…定等级；评价…的重要性；给…估(价)  place him among the best teachers  他被列入最佳教师中 6  a  dispose of (goods) to a customer 销售(商品)b  make (an order for goods etc.) 发送(货物等的定单) 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, on, etc.)  have (confidence etc.) 具有(信心等)；寄予(信任等) 8  invest (money) 投(资) 9 Brit.  state the position of (any of the first three or sometimes four runners) in a race [英]定出(前三名或前四名的)名次 10 tr. (as 作 placed adj.)  a esp. Brit.  among the first three or sometimes four in a race [尤英] (赛马中)前三名的；前四名的b US  second in a race [美] (赛马中)第二名的 11 Football  get (a goal) by a place-kick 【足球】(定位球)得(分) □ all over the place   in disorder; chaotic 凌乱；乱七八糟□ give place to   1  make room for 给…腾出地方 2  yield precedence to 让位于… 3  be succeeded by 由…接替□ go places  colloq.  be successful [口]取得成功□ in place   1  in the right position; suitable 在合适的位置；恰当的 2 US  not moving; on the spot [美]不动的；原地的  running in place  原地跑□ in place of   in exchange for; instead of 交换；代替□ in places   at some places or in some parts, but not others 在某些地方□ keep a person in his (or her) place   suppress a person's aspirations or pretensions 煞某人的气焰；使某人安分□ out of place   1  in the wrong position 不在适当的位置上 2  unsuitable 不合适的□ put oneself in another's place   imagine oneself in another's position 设想自己处于他人的地位；设身处地□ put a person in his (or her) place   deflate or humiliate a person 挫(某人的)傲气；羞辱(某人)□ take place   occur 发生□ take one's place   go to one's correct position, be seated, etc. 就位(或就座等)□ take the place of   be substituted for; replace 取代；替代□ placeless  adj.  □ placement  n.   [Middle English from Old French via Latin platea from Greek plateia (hodos) ‘broad (way)’]

place-bet n.  1 Brit.  a bet on a horse to come first, second, third, or sometimes fourth in a race [英] (赛马比赛中对马的一、二、三名有时是第四名进行的)名次打赌 2 US  a bet on a horse to come second [美] (赛马比赛中对得第二名的马的)打赌

placebo /pləˈsi:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a pill, medicine, etc. prescribed for psychological reasons but having no physiological effect (无疗效仅对心理有作用的)安慰剂b  a blank sample used as a control in testing new drugs etc. (用作对照新药物试验的)无效(对照)剂 2  something that is said or done to calm or humour a person but does not address the cause of his or her anxiety 令人安慰的事；宽心话 3 RC Ch.  the opening antiphon of the vespers for the dead 【天主教】(为死者唱的)晚祷歌 [Latin, = I shall be acceptable or pleasing (first word of Ps. 116:9 in the Vulgate) from placēre ‘please’]

placebo effect n.  a beneficial (or adverse) effect produced by a placebo and not due to any property of the placebo itself (安慰剂服后的)宽慰作用(非药性作用)

place brick n.  an imperfectly burnt brick from the windward side of the kiln 半生砖，欠火砖

place card n.  a card marking a person's place at a table etc. 座位卡

place in the sun n.  a favourable situation, position, etc. 有利的境遇(或地位等)

place-kick n. Football  a kick made when the ball is previously placed on the ground 【足球】定位球 □ place-kicker  n.  

placeman /ˈpleismæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a person appointed to a position chiefly to implement the political policies of a higher authority 禄虫(指主要为了执行上级政策而任命的官吏)

place mat n.  a small mat on a table underneath a person's plate 餐位餐具垫

place name n.  the name of a town, village, hill, field, lake, etc. 地名

placenta /pləˈsentə/ n. (pl. placentae /-ti:/ or placentas)  1  a flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the foetus through the umbilical cord and expelled after birth 胎盘 2 (in flowers) part of the ovary wall carrying the ovules. (花的)胎座 □ placental  adj.   [Latin from Greek plakous -ountos ‘flat cake’, from the root of plax plakos ‘flat plate’]

placer /ˈpleisə/ n.  a deposit of sand, gravel, etc., in the bed of a stream etc., containing valuable minerals in particles (含贵重金属的)砂矿，砂积矿床 [Latin American Spanish, related to placel ‘sandbank’ from plaza PLACE]

place setting n.  a set of plates, cutlery, etc. for one person at a meal (每个人就餐时的)餐位餐具

placet /ˈpleiset/ n. Brit.  an affirmative vote in a Church or university assembly [英] (教会或大学集会上的)赞成票 [Latin, = it pleases]

placid /ˈplæsid/ adj.  1 (of a person) not easily aroused or disturbed; peaceful (人)平和的；冷静的 2  mild; calm; serene 温和的；平静的；安详的 □ placidity  /pləˈsiditi/ n.  □ placidly  adv.  □ placidness  n.   [French placide or Latin placidus from placēre ‘please’]

placing /ˈpleisiŋ/ n.  1  the fact or condition of being placed, esp. of being ranked in a race or of being found a situation (尤指比赛中的)排名 2  an instance of being placed 排名次

placket /ˈplækit/ n.  1  an opening or slit in a garment, for fastenings or access to a pocket (衣服的)开襟，开口 2  the flap of fabric under this (开口处的)口袋 [variant of PLACARD in an obsolete sense ‘garment worn under an open coat or gown’]

placoid /ˈplækɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a fish scale) toothlike, with a flat base and a spiny backward projection, as in sharks and rays (cf. 参见 CTENOID) (鱼鳞)栉状的，板状的 2 (of a fish) covered with these scales (鱼)有盾鳞的 ●n.  a placoid fish 有盾鳞的鱼 [Greek plax plakos ‘flat plate’]

plafond /plæˈfɒ˜(d), 法 plafɔ˜/ n.  1  a  an ornately decorated ceiling 装饰华丽的天花板b  a painting or decoration on a ceiling (天花板上的)彩画，装饰 2  an early form of contract bridge 普拉丰牌(定约桥牌的前身) [French, from plat ‘flat’ + fond ‘bottom’]

plagal /ˈpleiɡ(ə)l/ adj. Mus. (of a Church mode) containing notes between the dominant and its octave (cf. 参见 AUTHENTIC adj. 2) 【音】(教堂调式)属音和八度音之间的音调的 [medieval Latin plagalis, from plaga ‘plagal mode’, via Latin plagius from medieval Greek plagios (in classical Greek = oblique) from Greek plagos ‘side’]

plagal cadence n. (also 亦作 plagal close) Mus.  a cadence in which the chord of the subdominant immediately precedes that of the tonic 【音】变格终止

plage /plɑ:ʒ/ n.  1 Astron.  an unusually bright region on the sun 【天】谱斑(太阳上特别亮的区域) 2  a sea beach, esp. at a fashionable resort (尤指度假胜地上的)海滩 [French, = beach]

plagiarism /ˈpleidʒəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  the act or an instance of plagiarizing 剽窃，抄袭 2  something plagiarized 剽窃物，抄袭物 □ plagiarist  n.  □ plagiaristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  

plagiarize /ˈpleidʒəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  take and use (the thoughts, writings, inventions, etc. of another person) as one's own 剽窃(他人的思想、著作、发明等) 2  pass off the thoughts etc. of (another person) as one's own 抄袭(他人的思想等) □ plagiarizer  n.   [Latin plagiarius ‘kidnapper’ from plagium ‘a kidnapping’, from Greek plagion]

plagio- /ˈpleidʒiəʊ, ˈplæɡiəʊ/ comb. form  oblique [构词成分]斜的 [Greek plagios ‘oblique’ from plagos ‘side’]

plagioclase /ˈpleidʒiəkleiz/ n.  a series of feldspar minerals forming glassy crystals 斜长石 [PLAGIO- + Greek klasis ‘cleavage’]

plague /pleiɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (prec. by 前接 the)  a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, with the formation of buboes (bubonic plague 腺鼠疫) and sometimes infection of the lungs (pneumonic plague 肺鼠疫) (症状为发烧和神志不清的)鼠疫b  any severe or fatal contagious disease spreading rapidly over a wide area 疫病 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an unusual infestation of a pest etc. (害虫等引起的)灾害  a plague of frogs  蛙灾 3  a  great trouble 灾难b  an affliction, esp. as regarded as divine punishment 折磨；(尤指)天罚 4 colloq.  a nuisance [口]烦恼，烦扰 5 (in int. 用于感叹句) joc. or archaic  a curse etc. [诙] [古义]诅咒  a plague on it!  该死的！ ●v. tr. (plagues, plagued, plaguing)  1  afflict, torment 使痛苦，折磨  plagued by war  饱受战争的折磨 2 colloq.  pester or harass continually [口] (不断地)纠缠；骚扰 □ plaguesome  adj.   [Middle English from Latin plaga ‘stroke, wound’, probably from Greek plaga, plēgē]

plaice /pleis/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a European flatfish, Pleuronectes platessa, having a brown back with orange spots and a white underside, much used for food (欧)鲽(产于欧洲的一种比目鱼，背部棕色，上有橙色斑点，身体底部为白色，主要用于食用) 2 (in full 全称 American plaice)  a N. Atlantic fish, Hippoglossoides platessoides (产于北大西洋的)拟庸鲽 [Middle English via Old French plaïz from Late Latin platessa, apparently from Greek platus ‘broad’]

plaid /plæd/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  chequered or tartan, esp. woollen, twilled cloth 方格布；(尤指)方格呢  a plaid skirt  格子呢裙子 2  a long piece of plaid worn over the shoulder as part of Scottish Highland dress (苏格兰高地人穿的)方格花呢披风 □ plaided  adj.   [Gaelic plaide, of unknown origin]

plain1 /plein/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  clear; evident 清楚的；明显的  is plain to see  清晰可见 2  readily understood; simple 一目了然的；简单的  in plain words  用简明的言词 3  a (of food, sewing, decoration, etc.) uncomplicated; not elaborate; unembellished; simple (食物、缝纫、装饰等)简朴的；朴素的；无装饰的；简单的b  without a decorative pattern 无装饰图案的 4 (esp. of a woman or girl) not beautiful or pretty; ugly (尤指妇女或女孩)不好看的，不漂亮的；丑的 5  outspoken; straightforward 坦率的；直爽的 6 (of manners, dress, etc.) unsophisticated; homely (举止、衣着等)朴素的；普通的  a plain man  普通人 7 (of drawings etc.) not coloured (图画等)单色的  penny plain, twopence coloured  一便士币单色的，两便士币彩色的 8  not in code 不用密码的 9 (of a knitting stitch) made by putting the needle through the front of the stitch from left to right (opp. 反义 PURL1 adj.) (编织针法)平针的 ●adv.  1  clearly; unequivocally 清楚地；明确地  to speak plain, I don't approve  坦白说，我不同意 2  simply 完全地  that is plain stupid  那是十分愚蠢的 ●n.  a level tract of esp. treeless country (尤指没有树林的)乡间平地 □ be plain with   speak bluntly to 对…坦率地说□ plainly  adv.  □ plainness  /ˈpleinnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French plain (adj. & n.) from Latin planus (adj.), planum (n.)]

plain2 /plein/ v. intr. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1  mourn 哀悼 2  complain 抱怨 3  make a plaintive sound 悲诉，哀诉 [Middle English via Old French plaindre (stem plaign-) from Latin plangere planct- ‘lament’]

plain card n.  neither a trump nor a court card (既非王牌又非将牌的)普通牌

plainchant /ˈpleintʃɑ:nt/ n.  = PLAINSONG 

plain chocolate n. Brit.  dark chocolate without added milk [英] (不加牛奶的)纯巧克力

plain clothes n. & adj. ●n. pl.  ordinary clothes worn esp. as a disguise by police officers etc. (尤指警察等作为伪装而穿的)便衣，便装 ●attrib. adj. (作 plain-clothes)  wearing plain clothes 穿便衣的  plain-clothes policeman  便衣警察

plain cook n. Brit.  a person competent in unelaborate English cooking [英]普通厨师，家庭厨师

plain dealing n.  candour; straightforwardness 坦率；直截了当

plain flour n.  flour not containing a raising agent (不含发酵剂的)普通的面

plain sailing n.  1  sailing a straightforward course 平安航行 2  an uncomplicated situation or course of action 一帆风顺

plainsman /ˈpleinzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who lives on a plain, esp. in N. America (尤指北美)平原居民

plainsong /ˈpleinsɒŋ/ n.  unaccompanied church music sung in unison in medieval modes and in free rhythm corresponding to the accentuation of the words (cf. 参见 GREGORIAN CHANT) 素歌(节奏自由，中世纪的宗教合唱曲)

plain-spoken adj.  outspoken; blunt 直言不讳的；言辞坦率的

plain suit n. Cards  a suit that is not trumps 【牌戏】副牌花色(将牌花色以外的花色)

plaint /pleint/ n.  1 Brit. Law  an accusation; a charge [英]【法律】起诉；诉状 2 literary or archaic  a complaint; a lamentation [文学用语] [古义]抱怨；哀诉 [Middle English via Old French plainte, fem. past part. of plaindre, and Old French plaint from Latin planctus (as PLAIN2)]

plain text n.  a text not in cipher or code 明码电文，明语电文

plaintiff /ˈpleintif/ n. Law  a person who brings a case against another into court (opp. 反义 DEFENDANT) 【法律】原告 [Middle English from Old French plaintif (adj.) (as PLAINTIVE)]

plain time n. Brit.  time not paid for at overtime rates [英] (不按加班费标准支付的)普通工作时间

plaintive /ˈpleintiv/ adj.  1  expressing sorrow; mournful 表示悲伤的；悲哀的 2  mournful-sounding 哭诉的 □ plaintively  adv.  □ plaintiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French (plaintif, -ive), from plainte (as PLAINT)]

plain weaving n.  weaving with the weft alternately over and under the warp 平纹织造

plait /plæt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a length of hair, straw, etc., in three or more interlaced strands (头发、稻草等编织的)发辫；辫绳 2  = PLEATn.  ●v. tr.  1  form (hair etc.) into a plait 把(头发等)编成辫子 2  make (a belt, mat, etc.) by plaiting 编织(带子、席子等) [Middle English from Old French pleit ‘a fold’, ultimately from Latin plicare ‘to fold’]

plan /plæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a formulated and esp. detailed method by which a thing is to be done; a design or scheme 方案；计划；规划b  an intention or proposed proceeding 意向；打算；意图  my plan was to distract them  我打算分散他们的注意力 plan of campaign  作战意图 2  a drawing or diagram made by projection on a horizontal plane, esp. showing a building or one floor of a building (cf. 参见 ELEVATION 2a) (尤指楼或楼层的)设计图；图样 3  a fairly large-scale map of a town or district 城市街道地图 4  a  a table etc. indicating times, places, etc. of intended proceedings 时间表；进程表b  a diagram of an arrangement 示意图  prepared the seating plan  制作座位示意图 5  an imaginary plane perpendicular to the line of vision and containing the objects shown in a picture (设想为垂直于视线的)平面图；示意图 ●v. (planned, planning)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  arrange (a procedure etc.) beforehand; form a plan 部署(程序等)；(定)计划  planned to catch the evening ferry  计划赶夜班渡船 2 tr.  a  design (a building, new town, etc.) 设计(建筑、新城镇等)b  make a plan of (an existing building, an area, etc.) 绘制(现有建筑、地区等的)设计图 3 tr. (as 作 planned adj.)  in accordance with a plan 依照计划(的)  his planned arrival  他预期的到达 planned parenthood  计划生育 4 intr.  make plans 定计划 □ plan on  colloq.  aim at doing or having; intend [口]打算做(或有)；想要□ planning  n.   [French from earlier plant, from Italian pianta ‘plan of building’: cf. PLANT]

planar /ˈpleinə/ adj. Math.  of, relating to, or in the form of a plane 【数】平面的，二维的；与平面(二维)有关的

planarian /pləˈnɛəriən/ n.  any flatworm of the division Tricladida, usu. living in fresh water 真涡虫(通常生活在淡水中的) [modern Latin genus name Planaria, fem. of Latin planarius ‘lying flat’]

planchet /ˈplæn(t)ʃit/ n.  a plain metal disc from which a coin is made 硬币坯料 [diminutive of planch ‘slab of metal’ from Old French planche: see PLANK]

planchette /plɑ:nˈʃet/ n.  a small usu. heart-shaped board on castors with a pencil that is supposedly caused to write spirit messages when a person's fingers rest lightly on it 占写板(一种心脏形木板上的铅笔藉以手指轻触能自动产生字迹的占卜) [French, diminutive of planche PLANK]

Planck's constant /plæŋks/ n. (also 亦作 Planck constant)  a fundamental constant, equal to the energy of quanta of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency, with a value of 6.626 × 10-34 joules 普朗克常数，普朗克恒量(等于 6.626 × 10-34 焦耳) [named after M. Planck, German physicist d. 1947]

plane1 /plein/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie 平面b  an imaginary flat surface through or joining etc. material objects 假想平面 2  a level surface 水准面 3  = AEROPLANE  4  a flat surface producing lift by the action of air or water over and under it 翼面 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : hydroplane  水上飞机 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a level of attainment, thought, knowledge, etc. (成就、思想、知识等的)水平 6  a flat thin object such as a table top (如桌面的)扁平物 ●adj.  1 (of a surface etc.) perfectly level (表面等)平的 2 (of an angle, figure, etc.) lying in a plane (角、图形等)处于平面上的 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  travel or glide in an aeroplane 乘飞机旅行；(飞机)滑行 2 (of a speedboat etc.) skim over water (快艇等)在水面滑行 3  soar 滑翔 [Latin planum ‘flat surface’, neut. of planus PLAIN1 (differentiated from PLAIN1 in 17th c.): the adj. suggested by French plan, plane]

plane2 /plein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tool consisting of a wooden or metal block with a projecting steel blade, used to smooth a wooden surface by paring shavings from it 刨子，平刨 2  a similar tool for smoothing metal 刨机，刨床 ●v. tr.  1  smooth (wood, metal, etc.) with a plane 刨平，刨光(木材、金属等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down)  pare (irregularities) with a plane 刨去(不平整的东西) 3 archaic  level [古义]使平滑，弄平  plane the way  把路弄平 [Middle English from Old French variant of plaine via Late Latin plana from Latin planus PLAIN1]

plane3 /plein/ n. (in full 全称 plane tree)  any tree of the genus Platanus often growing to great heights, with maple-like leaves and bark which peels in uneven patches (see also 另见 LONDON PLANE) 悬铃木属树木 [Middle English from Old French via Latin platanus from Greek platanos, from platus ‘broad’]

plane chart n.  a chart on which meridians and parallels of latitude are represented by equidistant straight lines, used in plane sailing 平面海图

plane polarization n. (also 亦作 -isation)  a process restricting the vibrations of electromagnetic radiation, esp. light, to one direction 平面偏振

planer /ˈpleinə/ n.  = PLANE2n. 1 

plane sailing n.  1  the practice of determining a ship's position on the theory that it is moving on a plane (船舶的)平面航迹计算法 2  = PLAIN SAILING 

planet /ˈplænit/ n.  1  a  a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit round a star 行星b (prec. by 前接 the)  the earth 地球 2 esp. Astrol. & hist.  a celestial body distinguished from the fixed stars by having an apparent motion of its own (including the moon and sun), esp. with reference to its supposed influence on people and events (尤)【占】[史义] (包括月亮和太阳在内的)命运星辰，人事祸福星辰 □ planetology  /-ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.   [Middle English via Old French planete and Late Latin planeta, planetes from Greek planētēs ‘wanderer, planet’, from planaomai ‘wander’]

plane-table n.  a surveying instrument used for direct plotting in the field, with a circular drawing board and pivoted alidade 平板仪，平板绘图仪

planetarium /plæniˈtɛəriəm/ n. (pl. planetariums or planetaria /-riə/)  1  a domed building in which images of stars, planets, constellations, etc. are projected for public entertainment or education 天文馆，天文放映馆 2  the device used for such projection 天象仪 3  = ORRERY  [modern Latin (as PLANET)]

planetary /ˈplænit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or like planets (似)行星的  planetary influence  行星影响 2  terrestrial; mundane 地球的；现世的 3  wandering; erratic 流浪的；漂泊不定的 [Late Latin planetarius (as PLANET)]

planetary nebula n.  a ring-shaped nebula formed by an expanding shell of gas round a star 行星状星云

planetesimal /plæniˈtesim(ə)l/ n.  any of a vast number of minute planets or planetary bodies 星子的；星子组成的 [PLANET, on the pattern of infinitesimal]

planetesimal hypothesis n.  the theory that planets were formed by the accretion of planetesimals in a cold state (有关行星形成的)星子假说

planetoid /ˈplænitɔid/ n.  = ASTEROID 

plangent /ˈplæn(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a sound) loud and reverberating (声音)轰鸣的；回荡的 2 (of a sound) plaintive; sad (声音)悲哀的；哀怨的 □ plangency  n.  □ plangently  adv.   [Latin plangere plangent- ‘lament’]

planimeter /pləˈnimitə/ n.  an instrument for mechanically measuring the area of a plane figure 面积(测面)仪 □ planimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ planimetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ planimetry  n.   [French planimètre from Latin planus ‘level’]

planish /ˈplæniʃ/ v. tr.  flatten (sheet metal, coining-metal, etc.) with a smooth-faced hammer or between rollers 平整；精轧(金属薄板、压印加工金属等) □ planisher  n.   [Middle English from Old French planir ‘to smooth’, from plain PLANE1 adj.]

planisphere /ˈplænisfiə/ n.  a map formed by the projection of a sphere or part of a sphere on a plane, esp. an adjustable circular star map that shows the appearance of the heavens at a specific time and place 球体投影图，平面天体图 □ planispheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin planisphaerium (as PLANE1, SPHERE): influenced by French planisphère]

plank /plæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long flat piece of timber used esp. in building, flooring, etc. (尤指建筑、铺地板等用的)长木板 2  an item of a political or other programme (cf. 参见 PLATFORM 6) (政策或纲领的)条目 ●v. tr.  1  provide, cover, or floor, with planks 在…上铺板 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down; also absol. [亦含宾]) esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  a  put (a thing, person, etc.) down roughly or violently 用力放下，撂下(物、人等)b  pay (money) on the spot or abruptly 立即(或当场)支付(钱)  planked down $5  当即支付了 5 美元 □ walk the plank  hist. (of a pirate's captive etc.) be made to walk blindfold along a plank over the side of a ship to one's death in the sea [史义] (海盗的俘虏等)蒙上眼走跳板掉入海中淹死 [Middle English via Old Norman French planke, Old French planche from Late Latin planca ‘board’, from plancus ‘flat-footed’]

plank bed n.  a bed of boards without a mattress, esp. in prison (尤指监狱中无床垫的)木板床

planking /ˈplæŋkiŋ/ n.  planks as flooring etc. (铺地板等的)板材

plankton /ˈplæŋ(k)t(ə)n, -tɒn/ n.  the small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water (cf. 参见 NEKTON) (海洋或淡水中的)浮游生物 □ planktonic  /-ˈtɒnik/ adj.   [German from Greek plagktos ‘wandering’, from plazomai ‘wander’]

planned economy n.  an economy in which production, prices, incomes, etc. are determined centrally by government 计划经济

planner /ˈplænə/ n.  1  a person who controls or plans the development of new towns, designs buildings, etc. (规划新城镇、设计建筑物等的)规划者；设计者 2  a person who makes plans 计划制定者 3  a list, table, etc., with information helpful in planning (有利于规划、设计的)目录(表格等)

planning permission n. Brit.  formal permission for building development etc., esp. from a local authority [英] (尤指从地方政府获得的)建筑许可

plano- /ˈpleinəʊ/ comb. form  level, flat [构词成分]平面，扁平 [Latin planus ‘flat’]

planoconcave /pleinəʊˈkɒnkeiv/ adj. (of a lens etc.) with one surface plane and the other concave (透镜等)平凹的

planoconvex /pleinəʊˈkɒnveks/ adj. (of a lens etc.) with one surface plane and the other convex (透镜等)平凸的

planographic /pleinəˈɡræfik/ adj.  relating to or produced by a process in which printing is done from a plane surface. 平面(版)印刷的 □ planography  /pləˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  

planometer /pləˈnɒmitə/ n.  a flat plate used as a gauge for plane surfaces in metalwork (金属加工中测定平面精密度的)平面规

plant /plɑ:nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any living organism of the kingdom Plantae, usu. containing chlorophyll enabling it to live wholly on inorganic substances and lacking specialized sense organs and the power of voluntary movement 植物(通常含有可依靠无机物生长的叶绿素，无感觉器官，无有意识的运动能力)b  a small organism of this kind, as distinguished from a shrub or tree 幼苗；树秧 2  a  machinery, fixtures, etc., used in industrial processes (用作工业加工的)机械(或固定装置等)b  a factory 工厂 3 colloq. [口]  a  something, esp. incriminating or compromising, positioned or concealed so as to be discovered later (用于陷害或损害名誉的)赃物b  a person stationed as a spy or source of information 卧底，坐探 ●v. tr.  1  place (a seed, bulb, or growing thing) in the ground so that it may take root and flourish 种植，栽种(种子、球茎或生长物) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, on, etc.)  a  put or fix in position 放置；使固定b refl.  take up a position 使(自己)处于某个位置  planted myself by the door  我在门旁站着不动c  place (a bomb) in a building etc. (在建筑物等中)安放(炸弹) 3  deposit (young fish, spawn, oysters, etc.) in a river or lake 把(鱼苗、虾秧、牡蛎等)放养于河(或湖)中 4  station (a person etc.), esp. as a spy or source of information 安插(人等)；(尤指)安插间谍 5  cause (an idea etc.) to be established, esp. in another person's mind 给(某人)灌输(某思想等) 6  deliver (a blow, kiss, etc.) with a deliberate aim 给予(打击、亲吻等) 7 colloq.  position or conceal (something incriminating or compromising) for later discovery [口]栽赃 8  a  settle or people (a colony etc.) 移居于(聚居区等)，殖(民)于b  found or establish (a city, community, etc.) 创建，建立(城市、社区等) 9  bury 埋葬 □ plant out   transfer (a plant) from a pot or frame to the open ground; set out (seedlings) at intervals 把(幼苗)从花盆(或温床)移植到地里；以一定株距移植(秧苗)□ plantable  adj.  □ plantlet  n.  □ plantlike  adj.   [Old English plante from Latin planta ‘sprout, slip, cutting’, later influenced by French plante]

Plantagenet /plænˈtædʒinit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the kings of England from Henry II to Richard III 金雀花王朝的；与金雀花王朝相关的(从亨利二世到理查德三世期间统治英国的王朝) ●n.  any of these kings 金雀花王朝 [= sprig of broom (Latin planta genista) worn as a distinctive mark, the origin of their surname]

plantain1 /ˈplæntin, -tein/ n.  any low-growing plant of the genus Plantago, with usu. broad flat leaves forming a rosette on the ground, and seeds used as food for birds and as a mild laxative 车前属植物 [Middle English via Old French from Latin plantago-ginis, from planta ‘sole of the foot’ (from its broad prostrate leaves)]

plantain2 /ˈplæntin, -tein/ n.  1  a plant, Musa paradisiaca, related to the banana and widely grown in warm countries for its fruit 大蕉 2  the starchy fruit of this, containing less sugar than a dessert banana and chiefly used in cooking (含淀粉、少糖的)大蕉果实 [earlier platan from Spanish plɑˊ(n)tano ‘plane tree’, probably assimilated from Galibi palatana etc.]

plantain lily n.  = HOSTA 

plantar /ˈplæntə/ adj.  of or relating to the sole of the foot 脚底的；与脚底有关的 [Latin plantaris from planta ‘sole’]

plantation /plænˈteiʃ(ə)n, plɑ:n-/ n.  1  an estate on which cotton, tobacco, etc. is cultivated, esp. in former colonies, formerly by slave labour (尤指原殖民地种植棉花、烟草等的)种植园，大农场 2  an area planted with trees etc. 植树造林地 3 hist.  a colony; colonization [史义]殖民地；殖民 [Middle English from Old French plantation or Latin plantatio (as PLANT)]

plantation song n.  a song of the kind formerly sung by blacks on American plantations (旧时美洲种植园黑人唱的)种植园歌

planter /ˈplɑ:ntə/ n.  1  a person who cultivates the soil 种植的人，耕作的人 2  the manager or occupier of a coffee, cotton, tobacco, etc. plantation (咖啡、棉花、烟草等的)种植园主，大农场主 3  a large container for decorative plants 室内植物容器 4  a machine for planting seeds etc. (用于播种等的)种植机  potato-planter  马铃薯种植机

plantigrade /ˈplæntiɡreid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal) walking on the soles of its feet (动物)跖行的 ●n.  a plantigrade animal, e.g. humans or bears (cf. 参见 DIGITIGRADE) 跖行动物(如人或熊) [French from modern Latin plantigradus, from Latin planta ‘sole’ + -gradus ‘-walking’]

plant-louse n.  a small insect that infests plants, esp. an aphis 蚜虫，木虱

plantsman /ˈplɑ:ntsmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. plantswoman, pl. -women)  an expert in garden plants and gardening 苗圃工作者

plaque /plæk, plɑ:k/ n.  1  an ornamental tablet of metal, porcelain, etc., esp. affixed to a building in commemoration (尤指固定在建筑物上以示纪念的金属或陶瓷等制的)纪念匾 2  a deposit on teeth where bacteria proliferate 齿菌斑 3 Med. 【医】  a  a patch or eruption of skin etc. as a result of damage 斑b  a fibrous lesion in atherosclerosis (动脉粥状硬化引起的)纤维器官损害 4  a small badge of rank in an honorary order (表示名誉地位的)胸章，徽章 □ plaquette  /plæˈket/ n.   [French from Dutch plak ‘tablet’, from plakken ‘to stick’]

plash1 /plæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a splash; a plunge 溅泼；跳水 2  a  a marshy pool 沼泽水洼b  a puddle 水坑 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  splash 溅泼 2 tr.  strike the surface of (water) 击打(水)面 □ plashy  adj.   [Old English plœsc, probably imitative]

plash2 /plæʃ/ v. tr. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  bend down and interweave (branches, twigs, etc.) to form a hedge (用树枝、细枝等)编筑篱笆 2  make or renew (a hedge) in this way 用枝条编筑(或修理) (篱笆) [Middle English from Old French pla(i)ssier, ultimately from Latin plectere ‘plait’: cf. PLEACH]

plasma /ˈplæzmə/ n. (also 亦作 plasm /ˈplæz(ə)m/)  1  a  the colourless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat-globules are suspended 血浆；淋巴液；乳清b  this taken from donated blood for administering in transfusions (输血用的)血浆 2  = PROTOPLASM  3  a gas of positive ions and free electrons with an approximately equal positive and negative charge 等离子体 4  a green variety of quartz used in mosaic and for other decorative purposes 深绿玉髓 □ plasmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ plasmic  adj.   [Late Latin, = mould, from Greek plasma -atos from plassō ‘to shape’]

plasmid /ˈplæzmid/ n. Biol.  a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, esp. a circular DNA strand in a bacterium or protozoan 【生】质体 [PLASMA + -ID2]

plasmodesma /plæzmə(ʊ)ˈdezmə/ n. (pl. plasmodesmata /-mətə/)  a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through cell walls and affords communication between plant cells 胞间连丝 [PLASMA + Greek desma ‘bond, fetter’]

plasmodium /plæzˈməʊdiəm/ n. (pl. plasmodia /-diə/)  1  any parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, including those causing malaria in man 疟原虫 2  a form within the life cycle of various micro-organisms including slime moulds, usu. consisting of a mass of naked protoplasm containing many nuclei 原质团；变形体 □ plasmodial  adj.   [modern Latin, from PLASMA + -odium: see -ODE1]

plasmolyse /ˈplæzməlaiz/ v. intr. & tr. (US [美] plasmolyze)  undergo or subject to plasmolysis (使) (细胞)胞壁皱缩，(使) (细胞)质壁分离

plasmolysis /plæzˈmɒlisis/ n.  contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell 胞质皱缩，质壁分离 [modern Latin (as PLASMA, -LYSIS)]

plasteel /ˈplæsti:l/ n. (in science fiction) an ultra-strong non-metallic material (科幻小说中的)超硬度非金属材料 [PLASTIC + STEEL]

plaster /ˈplɑ:stə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a soft pliable mixture esp. of lime putty with sand or Portland cement etc. for spreading on walls, ceilings, etc., to form a smooth hard surface when dried (尤指由石灰膏、砂、硅酸盐水泥等混合而成的)灰泥，灰浆 2 Brit. [英]  = STICKING PLASTER  3  = PLASTER OF PARIS  4 hist.  a curative or protective substance spread on a bandage etc. and applied to the body [史义]膏药  mustard plaster  芥子硬膏 ●v. tr.  1  cover (a wall etc.) with plaster or a similar substance (用灰泥等)涂抹(墙等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  coat thickly or to excess; bedaub 厚厚地涂抹；涂满  plastered the bread with jam  面包上涂了一层厚厚的果酱 the wall was plastered with slogans  墙上贴满了标语 3  stick or apply (a thing) thickly like plaster 使紧贴；粘贴(某物)  plastered glue all over it  到处粘着胶水 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  make (esp. hair) smooth with water, cream, etc.; fix flat (用水、发蜡等)使(尤指头发)平服，平贴 5 (as 作 plastered adj.) slang  drunk [俚语]喝醉了的 6  apply a medical plaster or plaster cast to 敷膏药于；敷石膏绷带于 7 slang  bomb or shell heavily [俚语]狂轰滥炸 □ plasterer  n.  □ plastery  adj.   [Old English via medieval Latin plastrum and Latin emplastrum from Greek emplastron, later reinforced by Old French plastre and French plastrer]

plasterboard /ˈplɑ:stəbɔ:d/ n.  two boards with a filling of plaster used to form or line the inner walls of houses etc. (用于屋内墙壁等的)石膏灰泥板

plaster cast n.  1  a bandage stiffened with plaster of Paris and applied to a broken limb etc. (固定断肢等的)石膏绷带 2  a statue or mould made of plaster 石膏塑像；石膏模型

plaster of Paris n.  fine white plaster made of gypsum and used for making plaster casts etc. (用于制作石膏模子等的)熟石膏

plaster saint n. iron.  a person regarded as being without moral faults or human frailty [讽]道德完人，道德圣人

plasterwork /ˈplɑ:stəwɜ:k/ n.  work done in plaster, esp. the plaster-covered surface of a wall or decorative plaster surfaces 抹灰泥工作

plastic /ˈplæstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any of a number of synthetic polymeric substances that can be given any required shape 可塑性物质；塑料 2 (作 attrib.)  a  made of plastic 塑料的，塑料制的  plastic bag  塑料袋b  artificial, insincere 人造的；不真实的 3 colloq. [口]  = PLASTIC MONEY  ●adj.  1  capable of being moulded; pliant; supple 可塑造的；易弯的；柔韧的 2  moulding or giving form to clay, wax, etc. (泥、蜡等)塑造的，塑性的 3 Biol.  exhibiting an adaptability to environmental changes 【生】(对环境变化)有适应力的 4 (esp. in philosophy) formative, creative (尤在哲学中)有形成力的；有创造力的 □ plastically  adv.  □ plasticity  /-ˈstisiti/ n.  □ plasticize  /-saiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ plasticization  /-saiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ plasticizer  /-saizə/ n.  □ plasticky  adj.   [French plastique or Latin plasticus from Greek plastikos, from plassō ‘mould’]

plastic arts n. pl.  art forms involving modelling or moulding, e.g. sculpture and ceramics, or art involving the representation of solid objects with three-dimensional effects 雕塑艺术；造型艺术

plastic bomb n.  a bomb containing plastic explosive 塑料炸弹

plastic bullet n.  a bullet made of PVC or another plastic material 塑料子弹

plastic explosive n.  a putty-like explosive capable of being moulded by hand 塑料炸药

plasticine /ˈplæstisi:n/ n. propr.  a soft plastic material used, esp. by children, for modelling [商标] (尤指孩子玩的)橡皮泥 [PLASTIC + -INE4]

plastic money n. colloq.  credit cards or other types of plastic card that can be used instead of money [口]信用卡

plastic surgery n.  the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons 整形外科 □ plastic surgeon  n.  

plastic wood n.  a mouldable material which hardens to resemble wood, used for filling crevices etc. (用于填充缝隙等的)塑化木

plastid /ˈplæstid/ n.  any small organelle in the cytoplasm of a plant cell, containing pigment or food 质体，成形粒 [German, from Greek plastos ‘shaped’]

plastron /ˈplæstrən/ n.  1  a  a fencer's leather-covered breastplate (击剑者用的)皮护胸b  a lancer's breast-covering of facings material 胸铠 2  a  an ornamental front on a woman's bodice (女服的)胸饰b  a man's starched shirt-front (男衬衣的)硬衬胸 3  a  the ventral part of the shell of a tortoise or turtle (乌龟、甲虫的)腹甲b  the corresponding part in other animals (其他动物的)盾板(或胸板等) 4 hist.  a steel breastplate [史义]钢制胸甲 □ plastral  adj.   [French from Italian piastrone, augmentative of piastra ‘breastplate’, from Latin emplastrum PLASTER]

-plasty /plæsti/ comb. form  forming nouns meaning the moulding, grafting, or formation of esp. a part of the body (angioplasty 血管成形术 ; rhinoplasty 鼻成形术) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“塑制”，“嫁接”，“整形”

plat1 /plæt/ n. US [美]  1  a plot of land 小块地 2  a plan of an area of land 地籍图，地区图 [Middle English: collateral form of PLOT]

plat2 /plæt/ n. & v. ●n.  = PLAITn. 1  ●v. tr. (platted, platting)  = PLAITv. 

platan /ˈplæt(ə)n/ n.  = PLANE3  [Middle English from Latin platanus: see PLANE3]

plat du jour /ˌplɑ: du: ˈʒʊə, 法 pla dy ʒur/ n. (pl. plats du jour pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a dish specially featured on a day's menu 当日推荐菜 [French, = dish of the day]

plate /pleit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a shallow vessel, usu. circular and of earthenware or china, from which food is eaten or served 盘子，盆子b  the contents of this 一盘(或一盆)的量  ate a plate of sandwiches  吃一盘三明治 2  a similar vessel usu. of metal or wood, used esp. for making a collection in a church etc. (金属或木质的)盘状物；(尤指教堂中的)捐款盘 3 US  a main course of a meal, served on one plate [美]一道菜 4 Austral. & NZ  a contribution of cakes, sandwiches, etc., to a social gathering [澳新] (糕点、三明治等的)捐献 5 (collect. 集合名词)  a  utensils of silver, gold, or other metal (金质或银质或其他金属制成的)器皿b  objects of plated metal (表面有镀层的)金属制品 6  a  a piece of metal with a name or inscription for affixing to a door, container, etc. (上有姓名等的固定在门、容器等上的)金属牌b  = NUMBER PLATE  7  an illustration on special paper in a book (书籍的)插图 8  a thin sheet of metal, glass, etc., coated with a sensitive film for photography 感光板；(玻璃等的)干版 9  a flat thin usu. rigid sheet of metal etc. with an even surface and uniform thickness, often as part of a mechanism (金属等的)薄板材 10  a  a smooth piece of metal etc. for engraving (金属等制的)雕刻版b  an impression made from this (用雕刻版印刷的)印刷品 11  a  a silver or gold cup as a prize for a horse race etc. (赛马等的)金(或银)奖杯b  a race with this as a prize 金(或银)奖杯赛 12  a  a thin piece of plastic material, moulded to the shape of the mouth and gums, to which artificial teeth or another orthodontic appliance are attached 假牙托，托牙板b colloq.  a complete denture or orthodontic appliance [口]全口假牙 13 Geol.  each of several rigid sheets of rock thought to form the earth's outer crust 【地质】板块，板层 14 Biol.  a thin flat organic structure or formation 【生】板形器官，片状组织 15  a light shoe for a racehorse (赛马用的)轻型马蹄铁 16  a stereotype, electrotype, or plastic cast of a page of composed movable types, or a metal or plastic copy of filmset matter, from which sheets are printed (铅版、电铸版、塑料型等的)印版 17 Baseball  a flat piece of whitened rubber marking the station of a batter or pitcher 【棒球】本垒板；投手板 18 US  the anode of a thermionic valve [美] (热离子管的)阳极 19  a horizontal timber laid along the top of a wall to support the ends of joists or rafters 横木  window plate  窗横木板 ●v. tr.  1  apply a thin coat esp. of silver, gold, or tin to (another metal) 镀覆(尤指银、金、锡)于(另一金属) 2  cover (esp. a ship) with plates of metal, esp. for protection (尤指为起保护作用而)给(尤指船)覆上金属板 3  make a plate of (type etc.) for printing (为印刷)制作印版 □ on a plate  colloq.  available with little trouble to the recipient [口]毫不费力地□ on one's plate  esp. Brit.  for one to deal with or consider [尤英]要处理；要考虑□ plateful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ plateless  adj.  □ plater  n.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin plata ‘plate armour’, from platus (adj.), ultimately from Greek platus ‘flat’]

plate armour n.  armour of metal plates, for a man, ship, etc. (人等的)金属盔甲；(船等的)装甲板

plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. plateaux /-təʊz/ or plateaus)  1  an area of fairly level high ground 高原 2  a state of little variation after an increase (上升后的)稳定状态 ●v. intr. (plateaus, plateaued) (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  reach a level or stable state after an increase (上升后)达到稳定水平(或状态) [French from Old French platel, diminutive of plat ‘flat surface’]

plate glass n.  thick fine-quality glass for shop windows etc., originally cast in plates (橱窗等用的)平板玻璃

platelayer /ˈpleitleiə/ n. Brit.  a person employed in fixing and repairing railway rails [英] (维修铁轨的)养路工

platelet /ˈpleitlit/ n.  a small colourless disc-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting Also called 亦称作 thrombocyte 血小板

platemaker /ˈpleitmeikə/ n.  a person or machine that makes printing plates (制作印版的)制版工；制版机

platen /ˈplæt(ə)n/ n.  1  a plate in a printing press which presses the paper against the type 压印板 2  a cylindrical roller in a typewriter against which the paper is held (打字机的)压纸辊 [Old French platine ‘a flat piece’ from plat ‘flat’]

plate rack n. Brit.  a rack in which plates are stored or placed to drain [英] (放盘碟的)餐具架

plateresque /plætəˈresk/ adj.  richly ornamented in a style suggesting silverware 仿银器装饰的 [Spanish plateresco via platero ‘silversmith’ from plata ‘silver’]

plate tectonics n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a theory of the earth's surface based on the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly on the underlying mantle 板块构造学

plate tracery n. Archit.  tracery with perforations in otherwise continuous stone 【建】(用石板雕空的)板制窗花格

platform /ˈplætfɔ:m/ n.  1  a raised level surface; a natural or artificial terrace 台；平台 2  a raised surface from which a speaker addresses an audience 讲台 3  a raised elongated structure along the side of a track in a railway station 站台，月台 4  the floor area at the entrance to a bus (公共汽车的)入口平台 5  a thick sole of a shoe (鞋的)厚鞋跟 6  the declared policy of a political party (政党的)纲领，宣言 [French plateforme ‘ground plan’, from plate ‘flat’ + forme FORM]

platform ticket n. Brit.  a ticket allowing a non-traveller access to a station platform [英]站台票，月台票■Usage 用法说明 The term platform ticket is becoming increasingly uncommon in the UK, as at most stations platforms are freely accessible to people not holding tickets for travel. 在英国，该词愈来愈罕用，因为很多车站不用站台票就可自由出入。 

plating /ˈpleitiŋ/ n.  1  a coating of gold, silver, etc. (金、银等的)覆镀层 2  racing for plates 奖杯赛马

platinic /pləˈtinik/ adj.  of or containing (esp. tetravalent) platinum (尤指四价)铂的；含铂的

platinize /ˈplætinaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat with platinum 用铂覆镀 □ platinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

platinoid /ˈplætinɔid/ n.  an alloy of copper, zinc, nickel, and tungsten 铂铜(铜、锌、镍及钨的合金)

platinum /ˈplætinəm/ n. Chem.  a ductile malleable silvery-white metallic element occurring naturally in nickel and copper ores, unaffected by simple acids and fusible only at a very high temperature, used in making jewellery and laboratory apparatus (symbol 符 Pt) 【化】铂，白金 [earlier platina from Spanish, diminutive of plata ‘silver’]

platinum-black n.  platinum in powder form like lampblack 铂黑(灯黑般的铂粉末)

platinum blonde adj. & n. (also 亦作 platinum blond) ●adj.  silvery-blond 淡金黄色的 ●n.  a person with silvery-blond hair 淡金黄色头发的人

platinum disc n.  the highest of a series of awards given to a recording artist or group for sales of a record etc. exceeding a specified high figure (cf. 参见 GOLD DISC) (给予畅销音像制品艺术家的)最高奖金

platinum metal n.  any metallic element found with and resembling platinum, e.g. osmium, iridium, and palladium 铂系金属(如锇、铱和钯)

platitude /ˈplætitju:d/ n.  1  a trite or commonplace remark, esp. one solemnly delivered (尤指一本正经的)陈词滥调 2  the use of platitudes; dullness, insipidity 平庸；陈腐，老生长谈 □ platitudinize  /-ˈtju:dinaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ platitudinous  /-ˈtju:dinəs/ adj.   [French from plat ‘flat’, on the pattern of multitude, multitudinous, etc.]

Platonic /pləˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  of or associated with the Greek philosopher Plato (d. 347 BC) or his ideas (古希腊哲学家)柏拉图的；柏拉图思想的 2 (作 platonic) (of love or friendship) purely spiritual, not sexual (爱情或友谊)柏拉图式的；纯精神的 3 (作 platonic)  confined to words or theory; not leading to action; harmless 纯理论的；空谈的；无害的 □ Platonically  adv.   [Latin Platonicus from Greek Platōnikos, from Platōn ‘Plato’]

Platonic solid n. (also 亦作 Platonic body)  any of the five regular solids (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron) 正立体(指四面体、立方体、八面体、十二面体或二十面体)

Platonism /ˈpleit(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the philosophy of Plato or his followers 柏拉图哲学；柏拉图主义 □ Platonist  n.  

platoon /pləˈtu:n/ n.  1 Mil.  a subdivision of a company, a tactical unit commanded by a lieutenant and usu. divided into three sections 【军】排 2  a group of persons acting together 队；组 [French peloton ‘small ball’, diminutive of pelote: see PELLET, -OON]

platteland /ˈplætəlænd/ n. S. Afr.  remote country districts [南非]边远的乡村地区 □ plattelander  n.   [Afrikaans, = flat land]

platter /ˈplætə/ n.  1  a large flat dish or plate, esp. for food (尤指盛食物的)大浅盘 2 slang  a gramophone record [俚语]唱片 3  the rotating metal disc of a record player turntable (放唱片的)底盘 4 Computing  a rigid disk used to store data magnetically 【计算】磁盘 □ on a platter   = on a plate (see 见 PLATE)  [Middle English & Anglo-French plater from Anglo-French plat PLATE]

platy- /ˈplæti/ comb. form  broad, flat [构词成分]宽阔，扁平 [Greek platu- from platus ‘broad, flat’]

platyhelminth /plætiˈhelminθ/ n.  = FLATWORM  [modern Latin Platyhelminthes (n. pl.), from PLATY- + Greek helminth ‘worm’]

platypus /ˈplætipəs/ n. (in full 全称 duck-billed platypus) (pl. platypuses)  an Australian aquatic egg-laying mammal, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, having a soft pliable bill shaped like a duck's, webbed feet, and sleek grey fur Also called 亦称作 duckbill 鸭嘴兽 [modern Latin from Greek platupous ‘flat-footed’, from platus ‘flat’ + pous ‘foot’]

platyrrhine /ˈplætirain/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of primates) having nostrils far apart and directed forwards or sideways, as in New World monkeys (cf. 参见 CATARRHINE) (灵长目动物)阔鼻的(如新大陆猴) ●n.  such an animal 阔鼻动物 [PLATY- + Greek rhis rhin- ‘nose’]

plaudit /ˈplɔ:dit/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a round of applause 喝彩 2  an emphatic expression of approval 称赞 [shortened from Latin plaudite, imperative pl. of plaudere plaus- ‘applaud’, said by Roman actors at the end of a play]

plausible /ˈplɔ:zib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of an argument, statement, etc.) seeming reasonable or probable (争论、声明等)貌似合理的；貌似可能的 2 (of a person) persuasive but deceptive (人)花言巧语的 □ plausibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ plausibly  adv.   [Latin plausibilis (as PLAUDIT)]

play /plei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  occupy or amuse oneself pleasantly with some recreation, game, exercise, etc. 玩(娱乐、游戏、运动等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  act light-heartedly or flippantly (with feelings etc.) 玩弄(感情等) 3  a tr.  perform on or be able to perform on (a musical instrument) 演奏(乐器)b tr.  perform (a piece of music etc.) 演奏(乐曲等)c tr.  cause (a record, record player, etc.) to produce sounds 使(唱片、唱机等)播放d intr. (of a record, record player, etc.) produce sounds (唱片、唱机等)播放 4  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  perform a role in (a drama etc.) (在戏剧等中)扮演角色b tr.  perform (a drama or role) on stage, or in a film or broadcast (在舞台上)演(戏或角色)；(在电影或播放的戏剧中)演(戏或角色)c tr.  give a dramatic performance at (a particular theatre or place) (在特定的剧场或地点)演出 5 tr.  act in real life the part of 充当…的角色  play truant  逃学 play the fool  装傻 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  perform (a trick or joke etc.) on (a person) (对某人)耍(花招等)；开(玩笑) 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  regard (a person) as (something specified) 视(某人)为(某物)  played me for a fool  把我当成傻瓜 8 intr. colloq.  participate, cooperate; do what is wanted [口]参与；合作；照办  they won't play  他们不肯照办 9 intr.  gamble 赌博，打赌 10 tr.  gamble on 对…打赌 11 tr.  a  take part in (a game or recreation) 参加(游戏或娱乐)b  compete with (another player or team) in a game 同(他人或他队)比赛c  occupy (a specified position) in a team for a game (比赛时在队中)担任(特定位置)d (foll. by 后跟 in, on, at, etc.)  assign (a player) to a position 指定(选手)担任(某一位置) 12 tr.  move (a piece) or display (a playing card) in one's turn in a game 走动(棋子)；出(牌) 13 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  strike (a ball etc.) or execute (a stroke) in a game 击(球等)；做出(某动作) 14 intr.  move about in a lively or unrestrained manner 轻快(或无拘束)地移动 15 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  touch gently 轻触b  emit light, water, etc. 照射(光等)；喷射(水等)  fountains gently playing  喷泉喷水 16 tr.  allow (a fish) to exhaust itself pulling against a line (拉鱼线)使(鱼)筋疲力尽 17 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  a  engage in a half-hearted way (in an activity) 心不在焉地从事(某活动)b  pretend to be 假装 18 intr. (of a cricket ground etc.) be conducive to play as specified (板球场地等)符合比赛规定  the pitch is playing fast  这块场地符合快速比赛的规定 19 intr.  act or behave (as specified) (按规定)做动作  play fair  按规则比赛 20 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, etc.)  accompany (a person) with music (用音乐)给(某人)迎送  were played out with bagpipes  吹奏风笛迎送 ●n.  1  recreation, amusement, esp. as the spontaneous activity of children and young animals 娱乐；玩耍(尤指儿童和小动物自发的活动) 2  a  the playing of a game 比赛b  the action or manner of this 比赛行为(或方式)c  the status of the ball etc. in a game as being available to be played according to the rules (球赛等规定的)比赛资格  in play  在场上比赛 out of play  (罚)出赛场 3  a dramatic piece for the stage etc. 剧本 4  activity or operation 活动；运行  are in full play  充分发挥 brought into play  发挥作用 5  a  freedom of movement 活动的自由b  space or scope for this 活动的空间(或范围) 6  brisk, light, or fitful movement 轻快(或断断续续)的活动 7  gambling 赌博 8  an action or manoeuvre, esp. in or as in a game (尤指在或似在赌博中的)行为；花招 □ at play   engaged in recreation 在娱乐□ in play   for amusement; not seriously 开玩笑地；打趣地□ make play   act effectively 产生效果□ make a play for  colloq.  make a conspicuous attempt to acquire [口]想方设法得到□ make play with   use ostentatiously 故意卖弄□ play about (or around)   behave irresponsibly 乱弄，玩弄□ play along   pretend to cooperate 假装合作□ play back   play (sounds recently recorded), esp. to monitor recording quality etc. (尤指检查录音质量等时)回放(最近的录音)□ play ball   see 见 BALL1 □ play by ear   1  perform (music) without having seen a score of it 不看乐谱演奏(音乐) 2 (also 亦作 play it by ear)  proceed instinctively or step by step according to results and circumstances 见机行事；随机应变□ play one's cards close to one's chest   see 见 CHEST □ play one's cards right (or well)   make good use of opportunities; act shrewdly 办事高明；做事有心计□ play down   minimize the importance of 降低…的重要性；贬低…的重要性□ play ducks and drakes with   see 见 DUCK1 □ played out   exhausted of energy or usefulness (使)筋疲力尽；(使)逐渐减弱□ play false   act, or treat a (person), deceitfully or treacherously 欺骗(某人)；对(某人)不忠诚□ play fast and loose   act unreliably; ignore one's obligations 处事轻率；不负责任□ play the field   see 见 FIELD □ play for time   seek to gain time by delaying (用拖延)争取时间□ play the game   see 见 GAME1 □ play God   see 见 GOD □ play havoc with   see 见 HAVOC □ play hell with   see 见 HELL □ play hookey   see 见 HOOKEY □ play into a person's hands   act so as unwittingly to give a person an advantage 办事不当而让他人占便宜□ play it cool  colloq. [口]  1  affect indifference 不露声色；假装冷漠 2  be relaxed or unemotional 持悠闲(或冷漠)的态度□ play the man   = be a man (see 见 MAN) □ play the market   speculate in stocks etc. (证券交易中)投机倒把□ play off  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  1  oppose (one person against another), esp. for one's own advantage (尤指为获渔利而)挑拨(两方)相斗 2  play an extra match to decide a draw or tie 加赛(以决胜负)□ play on   1  continue to play 继续比赛(或演奏) 2  take advantage of (a person's feelings etc.) 利用(他人的感情等)□ play oneself in  Brit.  become accustomed to the prevailing conditions in a game etc. [英] (在比赛等中)适应现场条件(或赛势)□ play on words   a pun 用双关语□ play safe (or for safety)   avoid risks 不冒风险；谨慎行事□ play to the gallery   see 见 GALLERY □ play up   1 Brit. [英]  a  behave mischievously 恶作剧；调皮捣蛋b  cause trouble; be irritating 惹麻烦；令人不愉快  my rheumatism is playing up again  我的风湿病又发作了c  obstruct or annoy in this way (用恶作剧等)使阻挠；使恼火  played the teacher up  使老师发火 2  emphasize, make the most of 强调，重视 3 Brit.  put all one's energy into a game [英] (比赛时)全力以赴□ play up to   flatter, esp. to win favour (尤指为讨好而)投…所好□ play with fire   take foolish risks 玩火；干冒险的蠢事□ playable  adj.  □ playability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Old English plega (n.), pleg(i)an (v.), originally = (to) exercise]

playa /ˈplaiə/ n.  a flat dried-up area, esp. a desert basin from which water evaporates quickly 干荒盆地(尤指沙漠盆地) [Spanish, = beach, from Late Latin plagia]

play-act /ˈpleiækt/ v.  1 intr.  act in a play 演戏，表演 2 intr.  behave affectedly or insincerely 装腔作势；假装 3 tr.  act (a scene, part, etc.) 表演(某情节、角色等) □ play-acting  n.  □ play-actor  n.  

playback /ˈpleibæk/ n.  the playing back of a sound or sounds; an instance of this 回放；重放

playbill /ˈpleibil/ n.  1  a poster announcing a theatrical performance 演出海报 2 US  a theatre programme [美] (剧场)节目单

playboy /ˈpleibɔi/ n.  an irresponsible pleasure-seeking man, esp. a wealthy one 花花公子；(尤指富有的)纨绔子弟

player /ˈpleiə/ n.  1  a person taking part in a sport or game 运动员；选手 2  a person playing a musical instrument 演奏者 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : flute-player  笛子演奏者 3  a person who plays a part on the stage; an actor 演出者；演员 4  any device for playing records, compact discs, cassettes, etc. (激光盘、盒式磁带等的)录放设备 [Old English plegere (as PLAY)]

player-manager n.  a person who both plays in a team and manages it (既参加比赛又担任管理的)经理兼队员

player-piano n.  a piano fitted with an apparatus enabling it to be played automatically (有自动演奏装置的)自动钢琴

playfellow /ˈpleifeləʊ/ n.  a playmate 玩伴，游伴

playful /ˈpleifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  fond of or inclined to play 爱玩的，喜欢玩的 2  done in fun; humorous, jocular 爱开玩笑的；诙谐的，幽默的 □ playfully  adv.  □ playfulness  n.  

playgoer /ˈpleiɡəʊə/ n.  a person who goes often to the theatre 常去看戏的人，爱看戏的人

playground /ˈpleiɡraʊnd/ n.  an outdoor area for children to play on 操场，运动场

playgroup /ˈpleiɡru:p/ n. Brit.  a group of pre-school children who play regularly together at a particular place under supervision [英]学龄前幼儿游戏组

playhouse /ˈpleihaʊs/ n.  1  a theatre 剧院，戏院 2  a toy house for children to play in 儿童游戏室

playing card n.  each of a set of usu. 52 oblong pieces of card or other material with an identical pattern on one side and different values represented by numbers and symbols on the other, used to play various games 纸牌；扑克牌

playing field n.  a field used for outdoor team games (户外)运动地；比赛场地

playlet /ˈpleilit/ n.  a short play or dramatic piece 短剧；折子戏

playlist /ˈpleilist/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of pieces to be played, esp. of musical recordings chosen to be broadcast on a radio show (尤指电台音乐节目的)节目播放表 ●v. tr.  place on a playlist 把…排在节目播放表上

playmaker /ˈpleimeikə/ n.  a player in a team game who leads attacks or brings other players in the same side into a position to score (比赛场上)组织进攻的队员

playmate /ˈpleimeit/ n.  1  a child's companion in play 玩伴，游伴 2  a lover 性伴侣

play-off n.  a match played to decide a draw or tie (平局后决胜负的)加时赛

playpen /ˈpleipen/ n.  a portable enclosure for young children to play in (供幼儿在内玩耍的便携式的)游戏围栏

play-reading n.  1  the activity of reading through a play 寓教于乐的活动 2  an instance of this 寓教于乐

playroom /ˈpleiru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room set aside for children to play in (供儿童在内玩耍的)游戏室

play school n.  a nursery school or kindergarten 幼儿园；托儿所

playsuit /ˈpleisu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a garment for a young child (儿童穿的)轻便服

plaything /ˈpleiθiŋ/ n.  1  a toy or other thing to play with 玩具；供玩耍的东西 2  a person treated as a toy 被玩弄的人；被当作玩物的人

playtime /ˈpleitaim/ n.  time for play or recreation 游戏时间；娱乐时间

playwright /ˈpleirait/ n.  a person who writes plays 剧作家

playwriting /ˈpleiraitiŋ/ n.  the activity or process of writing plays 写剧本，剧本创作

plaza /ˈplɑ:zə/ n.  a market place or open square (esp. in a Spanish town) (尤指西班牙城镇中的)集市；广场 [Spanish, = place]

plc abbr. (also 亦作 PLC) Brit.  Public Limited Company [英]公共有限公司

plea /pli:/ n.  1  an earnest appeal or entreaty 恳求；请求 2 Law  a formal statement by or on behalf of a defendant 【法律】(被告的)答辩，申诉 3  an argument or excuse 辩词；托词 [Middle English & Anglo-French ple, plai, Old French plait, plaid ‘agreement, discussion’ from Latin placitum ‘a decree’, neut. past part. of placēre ‘to please’]

plea bargaining n. orig. US  an arrangement between prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in the expectation of leniency. [源美] (被告请求从轻发落的)认罪求情协议 □ plea bargain  n. & v. intr.  

pleach /pli:tʃ/ v. tr.  entwine or interlace (esp. branches to form a hedge) (尤指筑篱笆时)编织，交织(树枝) [Middle English pleche from Old French (as PLASH2)]

plead /pli:d/ v. (past and past part. pleaded or esp. N. Amer., Sc. & dial. [尤北美和苏格兰] [方] pled /pled/)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  make an earnest appeal to 恳求 2 intr. Law  address a law court as an advocate on behalf of a party 【法律】(律师代表一方)辩护 3 tr.  maintain (a cause) esp. in a law court (尤指在法庭上)答辩(理由) 4 tr. Law  declare to be one's state as regards guilt in or responsibility for a crime 【法律】认(罪)；宣称  plead guilty  认罪 plead insanity  宣称精神错乱 5 tr.  offer or allege as an excuse 提出…作借口，以…为理由  pleaded forgetfulness  借口健忘 6 intr.  make an appeal or entreaty 请求，乞求 □ pleadable  adj.  □ pleader  n.  □ pleadingly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French pleder, Old French plaidier (as PLEA)]

pleading /ˈpli:diŋ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a formal statement of the cause of an action or defence (原告的)起诉状；(被告的)答辩状

plea of tender n. Law  a plea that the defendant has always been ready to satisfy the plaintiff's claim and now brings the sum into court 【法律】(被告愿意赔钱的)偿还请求

pleasance /ˈplez(ə)ns/ n.  a secluded enclosure or part of a garden, esp. one attached to a large house (尤指附属于宅邸的)庭园 [Middle English from Old French plaisance (as PLEASANT)]

pleasant /ˈplez(ə)nt/ adj. (pleasanter, pleasantest)  pleasing to the mind, feelings, or senses 令人愉快的；合意的 □ pleasantly  adv.  □ pleasantness  n.   [Middle English from Old French plaisant (as PLEASE)]

pleasantry /ˈplez(ə)ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a courteous or polite remark, esp. made in casual conversation (尤指非正式谈话中的)有礼貌的话；客气话 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  an amusing remark 打趣的话 3  jocularity 戏谑，打趣 [French plaisanterie (as PLEASANT)]

please /pli:z/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be agreeable to; make glad; give pleasure to 使满意；使高兴；使喜欢  the gift will please them  这件礼物会使他们满意 anxious to please  急于想讨好 2 tr. (in passive 用被动)  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  be glad or willing to 高兴；愿意  am pleased to help  乐于帮忙b (often foll. by 通常后跟 about, at, with)  derive pleasure or satisfaction (from) 从…中得到愉快(或满足) 3 tr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  be the inclination or wish of 合…的心意；希望  it did not please them to attend  出席不合他们的心意 4 intr.  think fit; have the will or desire 认为合适；愿意；希望  take as many as you please  你愿意拿多少就拿多少 5 tr. (short for 全形 may it please you)  used in polite requests 请(礼貌的请求)  come in, please  请进 □ (as) pleased as Punch   see 见 PUNCH4 □ if you please   if you are willing, esp. iron. to indicate unreasonableness 如果你愿意 ([尤讽]表示不合理)  then, if you please, we had to pay  如果你愿意，那么我们来掏腰包□ please oneself   do as one likes 随自己的意愿去做□ pleased  adj.  □ pleasing  adj.  □ pleasingly  adv.   [Middle English plaise via Old French plaisir from Latin placēre]

pleasurable /ˈpleʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  causing pleasure; agreeable 令人高兴的；使人满意的 □ pleasurableness  n.  □ pleasurably  adv.   [PLEASURE + -ABLE, on the pattern of comfortable]

pleasure /ˈpleʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feeling of satisfaction or joy 满足；高兴 2  enjoyment 愉快 3  a source of pleasure or gratification 高兴(或满足)的根源  painting was my chief pleasure  绘画是我的主要乐趣 it is a pleasure to talk to them  和他们交谈是一件乐事 4 formal  a person's will or desire [正式]意愿，愿望  what is your pleasure?  你意下如何？ 5  sensual gratification or enjoyment (感官上的)满足；享乐  a life of pleasure  享乐的一生 6 (作 attrib.)  done or used for pleasure 娱乐(的)；消遣(的)  pleasure boat  游船 pleasure trip  游览 ●v.  1 tr.  give (esp. sexual) pleasure to (尤指性方面)使…得到满足 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  take pleasure 喜欢 □ take pleasure in   like doing 喜欢做，以…为乐□ with pleasure   gladly 高兴地，愉快地 [Middle English & Old French plesir, plaisir PLEASE, used as a noun]

pleat /pli:t/ n. & v. ●n.  a fold or crease, esp. a flattened fold in cloth doubled upon itself (尤指衣服上的)褶，褶裥 ●v. tr.  make a pleat or pleats in 使打褶；在…上打褶 [Middle English, variant of PLAIT]

pleb /pleb/ n. colloq. usu. derog. [口] [常贬]  = PLEBEIANn. 2  □ plebby  adj.   [abbreviation of PLEBEIAN]

plebeian /pliˈbi:ən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a commoner, esp. in ancient Rome (尤指古罗马的)平民，庶民 2  a working-class person, esp. an uncultured one (尤指没有文化的)劳动者 ●adj.  1  of low birth; of the common people 出身低下的；平民出身的 2  uncultured 没有文化的 3  coarse, ignoble 粗俗的；出身微贱的 □ plebeianism  n.   [Latin plebeius from plebs plebis ‘the common people’]

plebiscite /ˈplebisait, -sit/ n.  1  the direct vote of all the electors of a state etc. on an important public question, e.g. a change in the constitution 公民投票 2  the public expression of a community's opinion, with or without binding force 公众舆论 3 Rom. Hist.  a law enacted by the plebeians' assembly [罗马]【史】(通过平民集会制定的)平民制定法 □ plebiscitary  /-ˈbisit(ə)ri/ adj.   [French plébiscite from Latin plebiscitum, from plebs plebis ‘the common people’ + scitum ‘decree’ from sciscere ‘vote for’]

plectrum /ˈplektrəm/ n. (pl. plectrums or plectra /-trə/)  1  a thin flat piece of plastic or horn etc. held in the hand and used to pluck a string, esp. of a guitar (尤指弹奏吉他的)拨片，拨子，琴拨 2  the corresponding mechanical part of a harpsichord etc. (大键琴等的)机械部分 [Latin from Greek plēktron, from plēssō ‘strike’]

pled  see 见 PLEAD 

pledge /pledʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solemn promise or undertaking 誓言；诺言 2  a thing given as security for the fulfilment of a contract, the payment of a debt, etc., and liable to forfeiture in the event of failure 担保物；抵押物 3  a thing put in pawn 典当品 4  a  the promise of a donation to charity 捐赠许诺b  such a donation (许诺的)捐赠 5  a thing given as a token of love, favour, or something to come (表示爱情、喜爱、到来之事的)信物；象征物 6  the drinking of a person's health; a toast 祝酒；干杯 7  a solemn undertaking to abstain from alcohol (戒酒)保证；誓约  sign the pledge  在誓约上签名 8  the state of being pledged 抵押的状态  goods lying in pledge  作抵押的货物 ●v. tr.  1  a  deposit as security 抵押b  pawn 典当 2  promise solemnly by the pledge of (one's honour, word, etc.) (用名誉、誓言等)担保；发誓 3 (often 常作 refl.)  bind by a solemn promise 保证 4  drink to the health of (为健康)祝酒 □ pledge one's troth   see 见 TROTH □ pledgeable  adj.  □ pledger  n.  □ pledgor  n. Law 【法律】   [Middle English plege via Old French plege from Late Latin plebium, from plebire ‘assure’]

pledgee /pleˈdʒi:/ n.  a person to whom a pledge is given 接受抵押(典当)的人，受质人

pledget /ˈpledʒit/ n.  a small wad of lint etc. (置于伤口上，用于吸收伤口脓血的)小棉团 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pleiad /ˈplaiəd/ n.  a brilliant group of (usu. seven) persons or things (人或物的)一批精华(通常 7 个)；七名人 [named after PLEIADES]

Pleiades /ˈplaiədi:z/ n. pl.  a cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus. Also called the Seven Sisters 昴(宿)星团 [Middle English via Latin Pleïas from Greek Plēias -ados, each of the seven mythical daughters of Atlas and Pleione]

plein-air /pleinˈɛə, 法 plɛnɛr/ adj. (of a painting) representing an outdoor scene and executed with a spontaneous technique 外光(画)法的，外光(画)的 [French en plein air ‘in the open air’]

pleiotropy /plaiˈɒtrəpi/ n. Biol.  the production by a single gene of two or more apparently unrelated effects 【生】(基因)多效性 □ pleiotropic  /-ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  □ pleiotropism  n.   [Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + tropē ‘turning’]

Pleistocene /ˈplaistəsi:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the first epoch of the Quaternary period marked by great fluctuations in temperature with glacial periods followed by interglacial periods 更新世的 ●n.  this epoch or system 更新世 [Greek pleistos ‘most’ + kainos ‘new’]

plenary /ˈpli:nəri/ adj.  1  entire, unqualified, absolute 完全的；全然的；绝对的  plenary indulgence  大赦 2 (of an assembly) to be attended by all members (会议)全体出席的 [Late Latin plenarius from plenus ‘full’]

plenipotentiary /ˌplenipəˈtenʃ(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person (esp. a diplomat) invested with the full power of independent action (尤指外交人员)全权代表 ●adj.  1  having this power 有全权的 2 (of power) absolute 全权的 [medieval Latin plenipotentiarius, from plenus ‘full’ + potentia ‘power’]

plenitude /ˈplenitju:d/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  fullness, completeness 充分，完全 2  abundance 丰富 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin plenitudo, from plenus ‘full’]

plenteous /ˈplentiəs/ adj. poet.  plentiful [诗]丰富的 □ plenteously  adv.  □ plenteousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French plentivous, via plentif -ive from plenté PLENTY: cf. bounteous]

plentiful /ˈplentifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  abundant, copious 丰富的，大量的 □ plentifully  adv.  □ plentifulness  n.  

plenty /ˈplenti/ n., adj. & adv. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a great or sufficient quantity or number 大量，丰富  we have plenty of time  我们有充足的时间 ●adj. colloq.  existing in an ample quantity [口]很多的，大量的 ●adv. colloq.  fully, entirely [口]充分，完全  it is plenty large enough  这足够大了 [Middle English plenteth, plente via Old French plentet from Latin plenitas -tatis, from plenus ‘full’]

plenum /ˈpli:nəm/ n.  1  a meeting attended by all the members of a committee 全体会议 2 Physics  space filled with matter 【物理学】充满物质的空间 [Latin, neut. of plenus ‘full’]

pleochroic /pli:əˈkrəʊik/ adj. (of a crystal etc.) showing different colours when viewed in different directions (晶体等) (从不同方向看呈现不同颜色的)多色性的，多向色性的 □ pleochroism  n.   [Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + -khroos from khrōs ‘colour’]

pleomorphism /pli:əˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  the occurrence of more than one distinct form, e.g. of a crystalline substance, tumour, virus, organism (esp. at different stages of the life cycle), etc. (尤指在生命周期的不同阶段，晶状物质、肿瘤、病毒、有机体等所表现出的)多形性，多态现象 □ pleomorphic  adj.   [Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + morphē ‘form’]

pleonasm /ˈpli:ənæz(ə)m/ n.  the use of more words than are needed to give the sense (e.g. 如 : see with one's eyes 用眼看) 冗词，赘述 □ pleonastic  /-ˈnæstik/ adj.  □ pleonastically  /-ˈnæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin pleonasmus from Greek pleonasmos, from pleonazō ‘be superfluous’]

plesiosaurus /pli:siəˈsɔ:rəs, pli:z-/ n. (also 亦作 plesiosaur /ˈpli:siəsɔ:, ˈpli:z-/)  any of a group of large extinct marine reptiles with a broad flat body, large paddle-like limbs, and often a long flexible neck 蛇颈龙 [modern Latin, from Greek plēsios ‘near’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

plessor var.  of PLEXOR  PLEXOR 的变体

plethora /ˈpleθ(ə)rə/ n.  1  an oversupply, glut, or excess 太多，过量，过剩 2 Med. 【医】  a  an abnormal excess of red corpuscles in the blood (血中)红血球过量b  an excess of any body fluid 体液过量 □ plethoric  /also 亦作 pliˈθɒrik/ adj.  □ plethorically  /pliˈθɒrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin from Greek plēthōrē, from plēthō ‘be full’]

pleura1 /ˈplʊərə/ n. (pl. pleurae /-ri:/)  1  each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in mammals 胸膜，肋膜 2  lateral extensions of the body wall in arthropods (节肢动物的)侧板 □ pleural  adj.   [medieval Latin from Greek, = side of the body, rib]

pleura2 pl.  of PLEURON  

pleurisy /ˈplʊərisi/ n.  inflammation of the pleurae, marked by pain in the chest or side, fever, etc. 胸膜炎，肋膜炎 □ pleuritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French pleurisie, Late Latin pleurisis ‘alteration’ and Latin pleuritis from Greek (as PLEURA1)]

pleuro- /ˈplʊərəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting the pleura 表示“胸膜”，“肋” 2  denoting the side 表示“侧”，“边”

pleuron /ˈplʊərɒn/ n. (pl. pleura /-rə/)  = PLEURA1 2  [Greek, = side of the body, rib]

pleuropneumonia /ˌplʊərəʊnju:ˈməʊniə/ n.  pneumonia complicated with pleurisy 胸膜肺炎

plexiglas /ˈpleksiɡlɑ:s/ n. propr. [商标]  = PERSPEX  [formed as PLEXOR + GLASS]

plexor /ˈpleksə/ n. (also 亦作 plessor /ˈplesə/) Med.  a small hammer used to test reflexes and in percussing 【医】叩诊锤 [formed irregularly from Greek plēxis ‘percussion’ + -OR1]

plexus /ˈpleksəs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or plexuses)  1 Anat.  a network of nerves or vessels in an animal body 【解】(神经、血管)丛  gastric plexus  胃丛 2  any network or weblike formation 网状构造，网状组织 □ plexiform  adj.   [Latin from plectere plex- ‘plait’]

pliable /ˈplaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  bending easily; supple 易弯的，柔韧的 2  yielding, compliant 柔顺的，屈从的 □ pliability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ pliableness  n.  □ pliably  adv.   [French from plier ‘bend’: see PLY1]

pliant /ˈplaiənt/ adj.  = PLIABLE 1  □ pliancy  n.  □ pliantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as PLIABLE)]

plicate /ˈplaikət, ˈplaikeit/ adj. Biol. & Geol.  folded, crumpled, corrugated 【生】【地质】折扇状的，有褶的，有沟的 □ plicated  /pliˈkeitid/ adj.   [Latin plicatus, past part. of plicare ‘fold’]

plication /pliˈkeiʃ(ə)n, plai-/ n.  1  the act of folding 折襞 2  a fold; a folded condition 扇折；折扇式 [Middle English from medieval Latin plicatio or Latin plicare ‘fold’, on the pattern of complication]

pliers /ˈplaiəz/ n. pl.  pincers with parallel flat usu. serrated surfaces for holding small objects, bending wire, etc. 钳子；扁嘴钳；镊子 [dialect ply ‘bend’ from French plier: see PLY1]

plight1 /plait/ n.  a condition or state, esp. an unfortunate one 境况；(尤指)困境，苦境 [Middle English & Anglo-French plit = Old French pleit ‘fold’: see PLAIT: -gh- by confusion with PLIGHT2]

plight2 /plait/ v. & n. archaic [古义] ●v. tr.  1  pledge or promise solemnly (one's faith, loyalty, etc.) (信念、忠诚等)保证，宣誓 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  engage, esp. in marriage 订婚 ●n.  an engagement or act of pledging 婚约，誓约 □ plight one's troth   see 见 TROTH  [Old English pliht ‘danger’, from Germanic]

plimsoll /ˈplims(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 plimsole) Brit.  a rubber-soled canvas sports shoe [英]橡皮底帆布鞋 [probably from the resemblance of the side of the sole to a PLIMSOLL LINE]

Plimsoll line /ˈplims(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 Plimsoll mark)  a marking on a ship's side showing the limit of legal submersion under various conditions (船的)载重线标志，载重吃水线标志 [named after S. Plimsoll, English politician d. 1898, promoter of the Merchant Shipping Act of 1876]

plinth /plinθ/ n.  1 Archit.  the lower square slab at the base of a column 【建】(柱的)底座；基座 2  a base supporting a vase or statue etc. (花瓶、塑像等的)底座 [French plinthe or Latin plinthus from Greek plinthos ‘tile, brick, squared stone’]

Pliocene /ˈplaiə(ʊ)si:n/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the last epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence of the extinction of many mammals, and the development of hominids 上新世的；与上新世相关的 ●n.  this epoch or system 上新世 [Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + kainos ‘new’]

plissé /ˈpli:sei/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of cloth etc.) treated so as to cause permanent puckering (布等)褶绉处理的，泡泡纱效应的 ●n.  material treated in this way 泡泡纱，细绉布 [French, past part. of plisser ‘pleat’]

plié /ˈpli:ei/ n. (pl. pliés) Ballet  a bending of the knees with the feet on the ground 【芭蕾舞】下蹲；屈膝(一种芭蕾舞动作) [French, past part. of plier ‘bend’: see PLY1]

PLO abbr.  Palestine Liberation Organization [缩略]巴勒斯坦解放组织

plod /plɒd/ v. & n. ●v. (plodded, plodding)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along, on, etc.)  walk doggedly or laboriously; trudge 沉重缓慢地走，步履艰难地走 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  work slowly and steadily 持续而缓慢地工作 3 tr.  tread or make (one's way) laboriously 沉重缓慢地走(路) ●n.  the act or a spell of plodding 沉重缓慢的行走，勤苦工作 □ plodder  n.  □ ploddingly  adv.   [16th c.: probably imitative]

-ploid /plɔid/ comb. form Biol.  forming adjectives denoting the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell (diploid 二倍体 ; polyploid 多倍体) [构词成分]【生】构成形容词，“…倍(染色)体的”，“倍体的” [on the pattern of HAPLOID]

ploidy /ˈplɔidi/ n.  the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell (细胞中的)倍(数)性 [on the pattern of DIPLOIDY, POLYPLOIDY, etc.]

plonk1 /plɒŋk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  set down hurriedly or clumsily 猛然重重地放下 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  set down firmly 沉重地放下 ●n.  1  an act of plonking 砰地放下 2  a heavy thud 砰的一声 [imitative]

plonk2 /plɒŋk/ n. Brit. colloq.  cheap or inferior wine [英口]劣质廉价酒 [originally Australian: probably a corruption of blanc in French vin blanc ‘white wine’]

plonker /ˈplɒŋkə/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1 derog.  a foolish or inept person [贬]蠢人；无能之辈 2  the penis 阴茎

plop /plɒp/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a sound as of a smooth object dropping into water without a splash (光滑物体落水而无溅泼的)落水声，扑通声 2  an act of falling with this sound 扑通落水，扑通坠落 ●v. (plopped, plopping) intr. & tr.  fall or drop with a plop 扑通落下 ●adv.  with a plop 扑通一声地 [19th c.: imitative]

plosion /ˈpləʊʒ(ə)n/ n. Phonet.  the sudden release of air in the pronunciation of a plosive 【语音】爆发，破裂 [EXPLOSION]

plosive /ˈpləʊsiv, -z-/ adj. & n. Phonet. 【语音】  ●adj.  denoting a consonant that is produced by stopping the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate, followed by a sudden release of air 爆发音的，破裂音的 ●n.  a plosive speech sound 爆发音，破裂音 [EXPLOSIVE]

plot /plɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a defined and usu. small piece of ground 小块土地 2  the interrelationship of the main events in a play, novel, film, etc. (戏剧、小说、电影等的)情节 3  a conspiracy or secret plan, esp. to achieve an unlawful end 密谋，阴谋，秘密计划 4 esp. US  a diagram, chart, or map [尤美]图，图表，地图 5  a graph showing the relation between two variables (表明两个变量之间关系的)曲线图 ●v. tr. (plotted, plotting)  1  make a plan or map of (an existing object, a place or thing to be laid out, constructed, etc.) 规划，绘制(现有物品、将要安排、建造的地方及东西等的)平面图 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  plan or contrive secretly (a crime, conspiracy, etc.) 密谋，策划(罪行、阴谋等) 3  mark (a point or course etc.) on a chart or diagram 在图上绘制(位置、路线等) 4  a  mark out or allocate (points) on a graph (在图表上)标出(位置)b  make (a curve etc.) by marking out a number of points (标定许多点)绘制(曲线等) 5  devise or plan the plot of (a play, novel, film, etc.) (为剧本、小说、电影等)设计情节，构思情节 □ plotless  adj.  □ plotlessness  n.  □ plotter  n.   [Old English and from Old French complot ‘secret plan’: both of unknown origin]

plough /plaʊ/ n. & v. (esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] plow) ●n.  1  an implement with a cutting blade fixed in a frame drawn by a tractor or by horses, for cutting furrows in the soil and turning it up 犁 2  an implement resembling this and having a comparable function 犁形工具  snowplough  扫雪机 3  ploughed land 犁过的地 4 (the Plough)  the constellation Ursa Major or its seven bright stars 大熊(星)座，北斗七星 ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  turn up (the earth) with a plough, esp. before sowing (尤指播种前)犁(地)，耕(地) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, up, down, etc.)  turn or extract (roots, weeds, etc.) with a plough 犁除(根、草等) 3 tr.  furrow or scratch (a surface) as if with a plough 在(表面)犁沟，挖沟 4 tr.  produce (a furrow or line) in this way 开(沟)，作(畦) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  advance laboriously, esp. through work, a book, etc. 费劲地取得进展(尤指完成工作，阅读书本等) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, into)  travel or be propelled clumsily or violently 开路；跋涉 7 intr. & tr. Brit. colloq.  fail in an examination [英口] (考试)不及格 □ plough back   1  plough (grass etc.) into the soil to enrich it 把(草等)犁入土中作肥料 2  reinvest (profits) in the business producing them 把(利润)再投资□ plough under   bury in the soil by ploughing 埋葬掉□ put one's hand to the plough   undertake a task (Luke 9:62) 开始干某事，着手做某事(《路加福音》 9:62)□ ploughable  adj.  □ plougher  n.   [Old English plōh from Old Norse plógr, from Germanic]

ploughland /ˈplaʊlænd/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] plowland)  land that is ploughed for growing crops 耕地，田地

ploughman /ˈplaʊmən/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] plowman) (pl. -men)  a person who uses a plough 耕地人，把犁人

ploughman's lunch n. Brit.  a meal of bread and usu. cheese with pickle or salad [英]农夫午餐(通常为面包、干酪加泡菜或沙拉)

ploughman's spikenard n.  a composite fragrant plant, Inula conyzae, with purplish-yellow flower heads 粗叶旋复花

Plough Monday n.  the first Monday after the Epiphany 首耕周一(显现节后的第一个星期一) [from the custom of dragging a plough through the streets to mark the beginning of the ploughing season]

ploughshare /ˈplaʊʃɛə/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] plowshare)  the cutting blade of a plough 犂铧，铧头 [Middle English, from PLOUGH + Old English scaer, scear ‘ploughshare’, related to SHEAR]

plover /ˈplʌvə/ n.  any short-billed gregarious bird of the family Charadriidae, esp. of the genus Charadrius, often found by water 鸻科鸟，(尤指)鸻 [Middle English & Anglo-French from Old French plo(u)vier, ultimately from Latin pluvia ‘rain’]

plow N. Amer. var.  of PLOUGH [北美] PLOUGH 的变体

ploy /plɔi/ n.  a stratagem; a cunning manoeuvre to gain an advantage 策略，(为了占得优势而使用的)花招 [originally Scots, 17th c.: origin unknown]

PLP abbr. (in the UK) Parliamentary Labour Party [缩略] (英国)议会工党

PLR abbr. (in the UK) Public Lending Right [缩略] (英国)公书出借版税权

pluck /plʌk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, off, etc.)  remove by picking or pulling out or away 摘除，拔掉 2 tr.  strip (a bird) of feathers 拔除(鸟的)羽毛 3 tr.  pull at, twitch 拉；扯 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  tug or snatch at 拖；拽 5 tr.  sound (the string of a musical instrument) with the finger or a plectrum etc. 弹，拨(乐器的弦) 6 tr.  plunder 抢劫，掠夺 7 tr.  swindle 欺诈 ●n.  1  courage, spirit 勇气，精神 2  an act of plucking; a twitch 拔，扯 3  the heart, liver, and lungs of an animal as food (供食用的动物)心，肝，肺 □ pluck up   summon up (one's courage, spirits, etc.) 鼓起；振作(勇气、精神等)□ plucker  n.  □ pluckless  adj.   [Old English ploccian, pluccian, from Germanic]

plucky /ˈplʌki/ adj. (pluckier, pluckiest)  brave, spirited 有勇气的，有胆量的 □ pluckily  adv.  □ pluckiness  n.  

plug /plʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of solid material fitting tightly into a hole, used to fill a gap or cavity or act as a wedge or stopper 塞子，堵塞物，阻塞物 2  a  a device of metal pins in an insulated casing fitting into holes in a socket for making an electrical connection, esp. between an appliance and the mains 插头b colloq.  an electric socket [口]插座 3  = SPARK PLUG  4 colloq.  a piece of (often free) publicity for an idea, product, etc. [口] (宣传观点、产品等的)免费出版物 5  a mass of solidified lava filling the neck of a volcano 岩颈 6  a cake or stick of tobacco; a piece of this for chewing 板烟，口嚼烟(切成小块的板烟) 7  = FIREPLUG  ●v. (plugged, plugging)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  stop (a hole etc.) with a plug 用塞子堵住(洞等) 2 tr. slang  shoot or hit (a person etc.) [俚语]射中；击中(某人等) 3 tr. colloq.  seek to popularize (an idea, product, etc.) by constant recommendation [口]大肆宣传(观点、产品等) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) colloq.  work steadily away (at) [口]不懈地干 □ plug in   connect electrically by inserting a plug in a socket (把插头插入插座)接通电源□ plugger  n.   [Middle Dutch & Middle Low German plugge, of unknown origin]

plughole /ˈplʌɡhəʊl/ n.  a hole at the lowest point of a bath, basin, sink, etc., which can be stopped with a plug (浴缸、水盆、水槽的)塞孔，排水孔

plug-in attrib. adj.  able to be connected by means of a plug 插入式的

plug-ugly n. & adj. US slang [美] [俚语] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a thug or ruffian 歹徒，流氓恶棍 ●adj.  villainous-looking 坏人似的，凶恶的

plum /plʌm/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an oval fleshy fruit, usu. purple or reddish when ripe, with sweet pulp and a flattish pointed stone 李子，梅子b (also 亦作 plum tree)  any deciduous tree of the genus Prunus (rose family), esp. P. domestica, which bears this fruit (蔷薇科)李属植物，(尤指)洋李树c  the wood of such a tree 洋李木 2  a reddish-purple colour 紫红色 3  a dried grape or raisin used in cooking (用于制食品的)葡萄干 4  the best of a collection; something especially prized (尤指得到奖励的)最好的东西；精华 often 常作 attrib.: a plum job  美差 ●adj.  of a reddish-purple colour 紫红色的 □ a plum in one's mouth   a rich-sounding voice or affected accent 音质故作深沉；口音故作动人 [Old English plūme via medieval Latin pruna from Latin prunum]

plumage /ˈplu:midʒ/ n.  a bird's feathers (鸟的)全身羽毛 □ plumaged  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old French (as PLUME)]

plumassier /plu:məˈsiə/ n.  a person who trades or works in ornamental feathers (装饰)羽毛商；羽毛工人 [French from plumasse, augmentative of plume PLUME]

plumb1 /plʌm/ n., adv., adj. & v. ●n.  a ball of lead or other heavy material, esp. one attached to the end of a line for finding the depth of water or determining the vertical on an upright surface 铅锤，测深锤 ●adv.  1  exactly 恰恰，正  plumb in the centre  在正中心 2  vertically 垂直地 3 N. Amer. slang  quite, utterly [北美] [俚语]十分，完全  plumb crazy  彻底疯了的 ●adj.  1  vertical 垂直的 2  downright, sheer 彻头彻尾的，完全的  plumb nonsense  一派胡言 3 Cricket (of the wicket) level, true 【板球】(三柱门)平直的 ●v. tr.  1  a  measure the depth of (water) with a plumb 用铅锤测(水)的深度b  determine (a depth) 用铅锤测(深) 2  test (an upright surface) to determine the vertical 测(垂直面)使垂直 3  reach the lowest point of or experience in extremes 经历，经受  plumb the depths of fear  经历极度的恐惧 4  learn in detail the facts about (a matter) 探究，探索(事情) □ out of plumb   not vertical 不垂直的 [Middle English, probably ultimately from Latin plumbum ‘lead’, assimilated to Old French plomb ‘lead’]

plumb2 /plʌm/ v.  1 tr.  provide (a building or room etc.) with plumbing 为(建筑物、房屋等)敷设管道 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  fit as part of a plumbing system 接上水管 3 intr.  work as a plumber 当管子工 [back-formation from PLUMBER]

plumbago /plʌmˈbeiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = GRAPHITE  2  any plant of the genus Plumbago, with grey or blue flowers ; also called 亦称作 LEADWORT 白花丹属植物 [Latin, from plumbum LEAD2]

plumbeous /ˈplʌmbiəs/ adj.  1  of or like lead 铅的；似铅的 2  lead-glazed 上铅釉的 [Latin plumbeus from plumbum LEAD2]

plumber /ˈplʌmə/ n.  a person who fits and repairs the apparatus of a water supply, heating, etc. (安装、修理水管、暖气等的)水暖工，铅管工 [Middle English plummer etc. via Old French plommier from Latin plumbarius, from plumbum LEAD2]

plumber's snake  see 见 SNAKE n. 4 

plumbic /ˈplʌmbik/ adj.  1 Chem.  containing lead esp. in its tetravalent form 【化】含铅的；(尤指)含四价铅的 2 Med.  due to the presence of lead 【医】由铅中毒导致的 [Latin plumbum LEAD2]

plumbing /ˈplʌmiŋ/ n.  1  the system or apparatus of water supply, heating, etc., in a building (建筑物的)水暖设备(系统) 2  the work of a plumber 水暖工活 3 colloq.  lavatory installations [口]洁具设备

plumbism /ˈplʌmbiz(ə)m/ n. Med. 【医】  = LEAD POISONING 

plumbless /ˈplʌmlis/ adj. literary (of a depth of water etc.) that cannot be plumbed [文学用语] (水深等)深不可测的

plumb line n.  a line with a plumb attached 铅垂线，垂直线

plumbous /ˈplʌmbəs/ n. Chem.  containing lead in its divalent form 【化】含亚铅(二价铅)的

plumb rule n.  a mason's plumb line attached to a board 锤规

plum cake n. esp. Brit.  a cake containing raisins, currants, etc. [尤英]葡萄干糕饼

plum duff n. Brit.  a plain flour pudding with raisins or currants [英]葡萄干布丁

plume /plu:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feather, esp. a large one used for ornament 羽毛，(尤指作装饰用的)翎子 2  an ornament of feathers etc. attached to a helmet or hat or worn in the hair (帽、盔、或头发上的)装饰羽毛 3  something resembling this 羽状物  a plume of smoke  一缕青烟 4 Zool.  a feather-like part or formation 【动】羽状部 ●v.  1 tr.  decorate or provide with a plume or plumes 给…饰以羽毛，使有羽毛 2 refl. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  pride (oneself on esp. something trivial) 以(尤指小事)炫耀自己 3 tr. (of a bird) preen (itself or its feathers) (鸟类)整理…的羽毛；整理(羽毛) □ plumeless  adj.  □ plumelike  adj.  □ plumery  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin pluma ‘down’]

plume moth n.  a small moth of the family Pterophoridae, with long legs and narrow divided feathery wings (羽蛾科)羽蛾

plummet /ˈplʌmit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a plumb or plumb line 铅锤；铅垂线 2  a sounding line 测深线 3  a weight attached to a fishing line to keep the float upright (钓丝上的)坠子，铅坠(用以使鱼漂竖起) ●v. intr. (plummeted, plummeting)  fall or plunge rapidly 快速落下；垂直落下 [Middle English from Old French plommet, diminutive of plomb (as PLUMB1)]

plummy /ˈplʌmi/ adj. (plummier, plummiest)  1  abounding or rich in plums 多梅子的 2 colloq. (of a voice) sounding affectedly rich or deep in tone [口] (声音)故作浑厚的 3 colloq.  good, desirable [口]好的；合意的

plumose /plu:ˈməʊs, ˈplu:məʊs/ adj.  1  feathered 有羽毛的，长羽毛的 2  feather-like 羽毛状的，似羽毛的 [Latin plumosus (as PLUME)]

plump1 /plʌmp/ adj. & v. ●adj. (esp. of a person or animal or part of the body) having a full rounded shape; fleshy; filled out (尤指人、动物、身体的局部)圆胖的，丰满的 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out)  make or become plump; fatten (使)变圆，变丰满 □ plumpish  adj.  □ plumply  adv.  □ plumpness  n.  □ plumpy  adj.   [Middle English plompe from Middle Dutch plomp ‘blunt’, Middle Low German plump, plomp ‘shapeless’ etc.]

plump2 /plʌmp/ v., n., adv. & adj. ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  drop or fall abruptly 突然落下  plumped down on the chair  一屁股坐在椅子上 plumped it on the floor  突然把它掉在地板上 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  decide definitely in favour of (one of two or more possibilities) 选定(其中之一) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter abruptly; blurt out 突然说出；脱口说出 ●n.  an abrupt plunge; a heavy fall 猛的一冲；突然沉重的坠落 ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  with a sudden or heavy fall (坠落)突然地，沉重地 2  directly, bluntly 直接地，率直地  I told him plump  我干脆地告诉他 ●adj. colloq.  direct, unqualified [口]直接的，绝对的  answered with a plump ‘no’  干干脆脆地回答个“不”字 [Middle English from Middle Low German plumpen, Middle Dutch plompen: originally imitative]

plum pudding n.  a rich boiled suet pudding with raisins, currants, spices, etc. 葡萄干布丁，圣诞布丁

plumule /ˈplu:mju:l/ n.  1  the rudimentary shoot or stem of an embryo plant 胚芽，胚茎 2  a down feather on a young bird (小鸟的)绒羽 □ plumulaceous  /plu:mjʊˈleiʃəs/ adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  □ plumular  /ˈplu:mjʊlə/ adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [French plumule or Latin plumula, diminutive of pluma ‘down’]

plumy /ˈplu:mi/ adj. (plumier, plumiest)  1  plumelike, feathery 似羽毛的，有羽毛的 2  adorned with plumes 用羽毛装饰的

plunder /ˈplʌndə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  rob (a place or person) or steal (goods), esp. systematically or as in war 掠夺，抢劫(某地、某人)，(尤指有组织地或在战时)偷窃(东西) 2  steal from (another's writings etc.) 盗窃(作品版权)，侵吞(某人著作等) ●n.  1  the violent or dishonest acquisition of property 劫掠，盗窃 2  property acquired by plundering 劫掠物，赃物 3 colloq.  profit, gain [口]利润，好处 □ plunderer  n.   [Low German plündern, literally ‘rob of household goods’ from Middle High German plunder ‘clothing etc.’]

plunge /plʌn(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, into)  a tr.  thrust forcefully or abruptly 猛力刺进(或插入)b intr.  dive; propel oneself forcibly 俯冲；受力前俯c intr. & tr.  enter or cause to enter a certain condition or embark on a certain course abruptly or impetuously (使…)突然而鲁莽地陷入(或遭受)；投入  they plunged into a lively discussion  他们投入到热烈的讨论中 the room was plunged into darkness  房间陷入一片漆黑之中 2 tr.  immerse completely 使完全浸没 3 intr.  a  move suddenly and dramatically downward 骤降b (foll. by 后跟 down, into, etc.)  move with a rush 猛冲  plunged down the stairs  冲下楼梯c  diminish rapidly 猛跌  share prices have plunged  股票价格暴跌 4 intr. (of a horse) start violently forward (马)猛烈前冲 5 intr. (of a ship) pitch (船)前后颠簸 6 intr. colloq.  gamble heavily; run into debt [口]狂赌；负债 ●n.  a plunging action or movement; a dive 猛冲，插进，俯冲 □ take the plunge  colloq.  commit oneself to a (usu. risky) course of action [口]冒(险)尝试 [Middle English from Old French plungier, ultimately from Latin plumbum ‘plummet’]

plunger /ˈplʌn(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a part of a mechanism that works with a plunging or thrusting movement 活塞，柱塞 2  a rubber cup on a handle for clearing blocked pipes by a plunging and sucking action 搋子 3 colloq.  a reckless gambler [口]不顾一切的赌徒

plunging neckline n. (also 亦作 plunge neckline)  a low-cut neckline 低领口

plunk /plʌŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sound made by the sharply plucked string of a stringed instrument 拨弹(琴弦)声 2 US  a heavy blow [美]重拳，猛击 3 US [美]  = PLONK1n.  ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  sound or cause to sound with a plunk (丁冬地)拨弹 2 tr. US  hit abruptly [美]突然猛击 3 tr. US [美]  = PLONK1v.  [imitative]

pluperfect /plu:ˈpɜ:fikt/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a tense) denoting an action completed prior to some past point of time specified or implied, formed in English by had and the past participle (时态)过去完成时的  as 如 he had gone by then  那时他已经走了 ●n.  the pluperfect tense 过去完成时 [modern Latin plusperfectum from Latin plus quam perfectum ‘more than perfect’]

plural /ˈplʊər(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  more than one in number 多于一的，多数的 2 Gram. (of a word or form) denoting more than one, or (in languages with dual number) more than two 【语法】(单词或形式)复数的(一个以上，双数形式为两个以上) ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a plural word or form 复数形式的词，复数形式 2  the plural number 复数 □ plurally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French plurel from Latin pluralis, from plus pluris ‘more’]

pluralism /ˈplʊər(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  holding more than one office, esp. an ecclesiastical office or benefice, at a time (尤指有俸圣职的)兼职，兼任 2  a  a political theory or system of power-sharing among a number of political parties 多元政治b  a theory or system of devolution and autonomy for individual bodies in preference to monolithic state control 多元理论；多元制c  a form of society in which the members of minority groups maintain their independent cultural traditions 多元社会 3 Philos.  a theory or system that recognizes more than one ultimate principle (cf. 参见 MONISM 2) 【哲】多元主义 □ pluralist  n.  □ pluralistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ pluralistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

plurality /plʊəˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being plural 多数状态 2  = PLURALISM 1  3  a large or the greater number 许多，众多 4 US [美]  a  the number of votes cast for a candidate who receives more than any other but does not receive an absolute majority (选举中的)相对多数(票)b  the number by which this exceeds the number of votes cast for the candidate placed second (当选人超越第二名的)超过票数 [Middle English via Old French pluralité from Late Latin pluralitas (as PLURAL)]

pluralize /ˈplʊər(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become plural (使)成为多(复)数 2 tr.  express in the plural 用复数形式表示 3 intr.  hold more than one ecclesiastical office or benefice (有俸圣职的)兼职，兼任 □ pluralization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

pluri- /ˈplʊəri/ comb. form  several [构词成分]几个 [Latin plus pluris ‘more’, plures ‘several’]

plus /plʌs/ prep., adj., n. & conj. ●prep.  1 Math.  with the addition of (3 plus 4 equals 7) (symbol 符 +) 【数】加 (3 加 4 等于 7) 2 (of temperature) above zero (温度)零度以上  plus 2°C  2 摄氏度 3 colloq.  with; having gained; newly possessing [口]和，外加，新增益  returned plus a new car  回来时拥有一辆新车 ●adj.  1 (after a number) at least (数字后)至少  fifteen plus  最少 15 2 (after a grade etc.) rather better than (置于等级等后)好于…的，略高于…的  beta plus  稍高于二等 3 Math.  positive 【数】正的 4  having a positive electrical charge 正电的 5 (作 attrib.)  additional, extra 附加的，额外的  plus business  额外买卖 ●n.  1  = PLUS SIGN  2 Math.  an additional or positive quantity 【数】正数，正量 3  an advantage 有利因素  experience is a definite plus  经验肯定是有利条件 ●conj. colloq. disp.  also; and furthermore [口] [异议]也，并且  they arrived late, plus they were hungry  他们来晚了，并且饥肠辘辘 [Latin, = more]■Usage 用法说明 The use of plus as a conjunction, as in They arrived late, plus they wanted a meal, is considered incorrect by some people. 某些人认为 They arrived late, plus they wanted a meal (他们来晚了而且还想吃饭)中的连词 plus 的用法是不正确的。 

plus fours n.  long wide men's knickerbockers usu. worn for golf etc. (通常指打高尔夫球时穿的)灯笼裤 [20th c.: so named because the overhang at the knee requires an extra four inches of material]

plush /plʌʃ/ n. & adj. ●n.  cloth of silk or cotton etc., with a long soft nap (丝、棉等的)长毛绒 ●adj.  1  made of plush 长毛绒制的 2 colloq.  plushy [口]豪华的 □ plushly  adv.  □ plushness  n.   [obsolete French pluche, contraction from peluche, from Old French peluchier via Italian peluzzo, diminutive of pelo, from Latin pilus ‘hair’]

plushy /ˈplʌʃi/ adj. (plushier, plushiest) colloq.  stylish, luxurious [口]时髦的，奢华的 □ plushiness  n.  

plus sign n.  the symbol +, indicating addition or a positive value 加号，正号 (+)

plus ça change /ply sæ ʃɑ˜ʒ/ int.  expressing the fundamental immutability of human nature, institutions, etc. (人性、制度等的)万变不离其宗 [French, abbreviation of plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose ‘the more it changes, the more it stays the same’]

plutarchy /ˈplu:tɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  plutocracy 富豪(或财阀)统治(阶级) [Greek ploutos ‘wealth’ + -arkhia ‘-rule’]

Pluto /ˈplu:təʊ/ n.  a small planet, for most of its orbit the outermost planet of the solar system 冥王星 [Latin from Greek Ploutōn, the god of the underworld]

plutocracy /plu:ˈtɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  government by the wealthy 富豪(或财阀)政府b  a state governed in this way 富豪(或财阀)统治的国家 2  a wealthy elite or ruling class 富豪(或财阀)精英，富豪(或财阀)统治阶级 □ plutocratic  /plu:təˈkrætik/ adj.  □ plutocratically  /plu:təˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek ploutokratia, from ploutos ‘wealth’ + -CRACY]

plutocrat /ˈplu:təkræt/ n. esp. derog. or joc. [尤贬] [诙]  1  a member of a plutocracy or wealthy elite 富豪(或财阀)统治阶级成员；富豪(或财阀)精英 2  a wealthy and influential person 有钱有势的人

pluton /ˈplu:t(ə)n/ n. Geol.  a body of plutonic rock 【地质】火成岩 [back-formation from PLUTONIC]

Plutonian /plu:ˈtəʊniən/ adj.  infernal 阴间的 [Latin Plutonius from Greek Ploutōnios (as PLUTO)]

plutonic /plu:ˈtɒnik/ adj.  1 Geol. (of rock) formed as igneous rock by solidification below the surface of the earth 【地质】火成(岩)的 2 (Plutonic)  = PLUTONIAN  [formed as PLUTONIAN]

plutonium /plu:ˈtəʊniəm/ n. Chem.  a dense silvery radioactive metallic transuranic element of the actinide series, used in some nuclear reactors and weapons (symbol 符 Pu) 【化】(化学元素)钚 [PLUTO, on the pattern of NEPTUNIUM, being the next planet beyond Neptune]

pluvial /ˈplu:viəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of rain; rainy 雨的；多雨的 2 Geol.  caused by rain 【地质】雨成的 ●n.  a period of prolonged rainfall 雨期 □ pluvious  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Latin pluvialis from pluvia ‘rain’]

pluviometer /plu:viˈɒmitə/ n.  a rain gauge 雨量计 □ pluviometric  /-əˈmetrik/ adj.  □ pluviometrical  /-əˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pluviometrically  /-əˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin pluvia ‘rain’ + -METER]

ply1 /plai/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thickness or layer of certain materials, esp. wood or cloth (尤指木、布的)层；厚度  three-ply  三层 2  a strand of yarn or rope etc. (纱、绳等的)股 [Middle English via French pli, from plier, pleier, from Latin plicare ‘to fold’]

ply2 /plai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  use or wield vigorously (a tool, weapon, etc.) 用力使用(挥动) (工具、武器等) 2 tr.  work steadily at (one's business or trade) 努力从事(买卖、贸易) 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  supply (a person) continuously (with food, drink, etc.) 不断地供应(某人食品、饮料等)b  approach repeatedly (with questions, demands, etc.) 不断地探讨(提出) (问题、要求等) 4  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 between) (of a vehicle etc.) travel regularly (to and fro between two points) (车等)定期往返(两地)b tr.  work (a route) in this way 定期航行于(某线路) 5 intr. (of a taxi driver, boatman, etc.) attend regularly for custom (出租车司机、船夫等)候客  ply for trade  等生意 6 intr. Naut.  sail to windward 【海】逆风换抢 [Middle English plye, from APPLY]

Plymouth Brethren /ˈpliməθ/ n. pl.  a strict Calvinistic religious body formed at Plymouth in Devon c. 1830, having no formal creed and no official order of ministers 普利茅斯兄弟会

plywood /ˈplaiwʊd/ n.  a strong thin board consisting of two or more layers glued and pressed together with the direction of the grain alternating 胶合板，层压板

PM abbr. [缩略]  1  Prime Minister  2  post-mortem  3  Provost Marshal 

Pm symb. Chem.  the element promethium [符]【化】(化学元素)钷

p.m. abbr.  after noon [缩略]下午，午后 [Latin post meridiem]

PMG abbr. [缩略]  1  Paymaster General  2  Postmaster General 

PMS abbr. Med.  premenstrual syndrome [缩略]【医】经前期综合征

PMT abbr. esp. Brit.  premenstrual tension [缩略] [尤英]经前期紧张症

PNdB abbr.  perceived noise decibel(s) [缩略]感觉噪声分贝

pneumatic /nju:ˈmætik/ adj.  1  of or relating to air or wind 空气的；风的 2  containing or operated by compressed air 有压缩空气的；压缩空气操作的 3  connected with or containing air cavities esp. in the bones of birds or in fish (尤指鸟骨、鱼中)有气窝(腔)的；与气窝(腔)有关的 □ pneumatically  adv.  □ pneumaticity  /nju:məˈtisiti/ n.   [French pneumatique or Latin pneumaticus from Greek pneumatikos, via pneuma ‘wind’ from pneō ‘breathe’]

pneumatic drill n.  a drill driven by compressed air, for breaking up a hard surface 风钻

pneumatics /nju:ˈmætiks/ n.  the science of the mechanical properties of gases 气体力学

pneumatic trough n.  a shallow container used in laboratories to collect gases in jars over the surface of water or mercury 集气槽

pneumato- /ˈnju:mətəʊ/ comb. form denoting [构词成分]表示 :  1  air. 空气，气体 2  breath 呼吸 3  spirit 精神，灵魂 [Greek from pneuma (as PNEUMATIC)]

pneumatology /nju:məˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the branch of theology concerned with the Holy Ghost and other spiritual concepts 灵物学，圣灵论 2 archaic  psychology [古义]心理学 □ pneumatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

pneumatophore /ˈnju:mətəfɔ:/ n.  1  the air-filled float of some colonial hydrozoa, e.g. the Portuguese man-of-war (如僧帽水母的)气(浮)囊 2  an aerial root specialized for gaseous exchange found in various swamp plants, e.g. mangroves (如红树属植物的)出水通气根

pneumo- /ˈnju:məʊ/ comb. form  denoting the lungs [构词成分]表示“肺” [abbreviation of pneumono- from Greek pneumōn ‘lung’]

pneumococcus /nju:mə(ʊ)ˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. pneumococci /-ˈkɒk(s)ai, -ˈkɒk(s)i:/) Med.  a paired bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, associated with pneumonia and sometimes meningitis 【医】肺炎球菌

pneumoconiosis /ˌnju:mə(ʊ)kəʊniˈəʊsis/ n.  a lung disease caused by inhalation of dust or small particles 尘肺，肺尘埃沉着病 [PNEUMO- + Greek konis ‘dust’]

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia /nju:mə(ʊ)ˌsistis kəˈrainiai/ n.  = PCP 2 

pneumogastric /nju:məʊˈɡæstrik/ adj.  of or relating to the lungs and stomach 肺与胃的，与肺与胃有关的

pneumonectomy /nju:mə(ʊ)ˈnektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a lung or part of a lung 肺部分切除术；肺切除术

pneumonia /nju:ˈməʊniə/ n.  a bacterial inflammation of one lung (single pneumonia) or both lungs (double pneumonia) causing the air sacs to fill with pus and become solid 肺炎(单侧肺炎) (双侧肺炎) □ pneumonic  /nju:ˈmɒnik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek, from pneumōn ‘lung’]

pneumonic plague  see 见 PLAGUE n. 1a 

pneumonitis /nju:məˈnaitis/ n.  inflammation of the lungs usu. caused by a virus 局限性肺炎；肺炎

pneumothorax /nju:məʊˈθɔ:ræks/ n.  the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall 气胸

PNG abbr.  Papua New Guinea [缩略]巴布亚新几内亚

P. & O. abbr.  Peninsular and Oriental Shipping Company (or Line) [缩略] (英国)半岛和东方轮船公司

PO abbr. [缩略]  1  Post Office  2  postal order  3  Petty Officer  4  Pilot Officer 

Po symb. Chem.  the element polonium [符]【化】(化学元素)钋

po /pəʊ/ n. (pl. pos) Brit. colloq.  a chamber pot [英口]夜壶，便壶

POA abbr. (in the UK) Prison Officers' Association [缩略] (英国)监狱办事员协会

poach1 /pəʊtʃ/ v. tr.  1  cook (an egg without its shell) in or over boiling water (用沸水)煮(荷包蛋) 2  cook (fish etc.) by simmering in a small amount of liquid (用少量汤水)炖(鱼等) □ poacher  n.   [Middle English from Old French pochier (originally = enclose in a bag), from poche POKE2]

poach2 /pəʊtʃ/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  catch (game or fish) illegally 偷捕(猎物或鱼) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  trespass or encroach (on another's property, ideas, etc.) 侵占；侵犯(他人财产、思想等) 3 tr.  appropriate illicitly or unfairly (a person, thing, idea, etc.) 挖走；窃取；盗用(人、东西、思想等) 4 tr. Tennis  etc. take (a shot) in one's partner's portion of the court 【网球】(网球等双打比赛中)抢打(同伴的球) 5  a tr.  trample or cut up (turf) with hoofs (马蹄)践踏(草皮)b intr. (of land) become sodden by being trampled (土地) (被踩而)变泥泞 □ poacher  n.   [earlier poche, perhaps from French pocher ‘put in a pocket’ (as POACH1)]

pochard /ˈpəʊtʃəd, ˈpɒ-, -kəd/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or pochards)  any duck of the genus Aythya, esp. A. ferina, the male of which has a bright reddish-brown head and neck and a grey breast 潜鸭，红头潜鸭 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pochette /pɒˈʃet/ n.  a woman's envelope-shaped handbag 信封式女用手提包 [French, diminutive of poche ‘pocket’: see POKE2]

pock /pɒk/ n.  = POCKMARK  □ pocked  adj.  □ pocky  adj.   [Old English poc, from Germanic]

pocket /ˈpɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bag sewn into or on clothing, for carrying small articles 衣袋，兜 2  a pouchlike compartment in a suitcase, car door, etc. (衣箱、汽车门等内侧的)口袋 3  one's financial resources 财力  it is beyond my pocket  非我财力所能及 4  an isolated group or area (孤立的)一小群，一小块地区  a few pockets of resistance remain  一些零星的抵抗仍然存在 5  a cavity in a rock or stratum, usu. filled with ore (esp. gold) or water (通常指有矿物(尤指金子)或水的)矿穴 6  a pouch at the corner or on the side of a billiard or snooker table into which balls are driven (在台球桌边上和角上的)球袋 7  = AIR POCKET 2  8 (作 attrib.)  a  of a suitable size and shape for carrying in a pocket 适合放在口袋里的b  smaller than the usual size 比一般小的，袖珍的 ●v. tr. (pocketed, pocketing)  1  put into one's pocket 把…放入口袋 2  appropriate, esp. dishonestly 据为己有，盗用 3  confine as in a pocket 使…受局限 4  submit to (an injury or affront) 忍受，承受(伤害、侮辱) 5  conceal or suppress (one's feelings) 掩饰，抑制(感情) 6 Billiards  etc. drive (a ball) into a pocket 【台球】击(球)落袋 □ in pocket   1  having gained in a transaction (交易中)赚钱的 2 (of money) available 有(钱)的□ in a person's pocket   1  under a person's control 被某人控制 2  close to or intimate with a person 与某人亲近□ out of pocket   having lost in a transaction (交易中)赔钱的□ put one's hand in one's pocket   spend or provide money 花钱，付款□ pocketable  adj.  □ pocketless  adj.  □ pockety  adj. (in sense 5 of n. 用于名词释义 5)   [Middle English from Anglo-French poket(e), diminutive of poke POKE2]

pocket battleship n. hist.  a warship armoured and equipped like, but smaller than, a battleship [史义]小型战列舰，袖珍战列舰

pocketbook /ˈpɒkitbʊk/ n.  1  a notebook 笔记本 2  a booklike case for papers or money carried in a pocket (放钞票等的)皮夹子 3 US  a purse or handbag [美]钱包，女用手提包 4 N. Amer.  a paperback or other small book [北美]纸面装订本，简装本，袖珍本

pocket borough n. Brit. hist.  a borough in which the election of political representatives was controlled by one person or family [英史义] (个人或家族操纵的)口袋选区

pocketful /ˈpɒkitfʊl/ n. (pl. -fuls)  as much as a pocket will hold 一满口袋

pocket gopher n.  = GOPHER1 1 

pocket knife n.  a knife with a folding blade or blades, for carrying in the pocket (放在口袋中可折叠的)小刀

pocket money n.  1  money for minor expenses 零用钱 2 Brit.  an allowance of money made to a child [英] (给小孩的)零用钱

pockmark /ˈpɒkmɑ:k/ n.  1  a small pus-filled spot on the skin, esp. caused by chickenpox or smallpox (尤指水痘、天花引起的)痘痕，麻子 2  a mark resembling this (麻子似的)凹痕 □ pock-marked  adj.  

poco /ˈpəʊkəʊ/ adv. Mus.  a little; rather 【音】稍，略  poco adagio  稍慢 [Italian]

pod1 /pɒd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long seed vessel esp. of a leguminous plant, e.g. a pea (尤指豆科植物的)荚，荚果(如豌豆) 2  the cocoon of a silkworm 蚕茧 3  the case surrounding locust eggs 蝗虫的卵囊 4  a narrow-necked eel-net (捕鳗鱼用的窄口)网袋 5  a compartment suspended under an aircraft for equipment etc. (飞机的)吊舱 ●v. (podded, podding)  1 intr.  bear or form pods 生荚果；结荚 2 tr.  remove (peas etc.) from pods 剥掉(豌豆等的)荚 □ in pod  colloq.  pregnant [口]怀孕 [back-formation from dialect podware, podder ‘field crops’, of unknown origin]

pod2 /pɒd/ n.  a small herd or school of marine animals, esp. whales (尤指鲸鱼)小群 [19th c., originally US: origin unknown]

podagra /pəˈdæɡrə, ˈpɒdəɡrə/ n. Med.  gout of the foot, esp. the big toe 【医】(尤指大拇指的)足痛风 □ podagral  adj.  □ podagric  adj.  □ podagrous  adj.   [Latin, from Greek pous podos ‘foot’ + agra ‘seizure’]

podgy /ˈpɒdʒi/ adj. (podgier, podgiest) Brit. [英]  1 (of a person) short and fat (人)矮胖的 2 (of a face etc.) plump, fleshy (脸等)胖乎乎的，肉墩墩的 □ podginess  n.   [19th c.: from podge ‘a short fat person’, of unknown origin]

podiatry /pə(ʊ)ˈdaiətri/ n.  = CHIROPODY  □ podiatrist  n.   [Greek pous podos ‘foot’ + iatros ‘physician’]

podium /ˈpəʊdiəm/ n. (pl. podiums or podia /-diə/)  1  a continuous projecting base or pedestal round a room or house etc. (房屋及住宅等四周的)墩座 2  a raised platform round the arena of an amphitheatre (圆形剧场中竞技场周围的)矮隔墙 3  a platform or rostrum 平台；讲台 [Latin from Greek podion, diminutive of pous pod- ‘foot’]

podzol /ˈpɒdzɒl/ n. (also 亦作 podsol /-sɒl/)  an infertile acidic soil with minerals leached from its surface layers into a lower stratum 灰壤，灰化土 □ podzolize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Russian, from pod ‘under’, zola ‘ashes’]

poem /ˈpəʊim/ n.  1  a metrical composition, usu. concerned with feeling or imaginative description 诗，韵文 2  an elevated composition in verse or prose 诗体文 3  something with poetic qualities 诗一般美的事物  a poem in stone  诗一般美丽的宝石 [French poème or Latin poema from Greek poēma = poiēma, from poieō ‘make’]

poesy /ˈpəʊizi, -si/ n. archaic [古义]  1  poetry 诗，韵文 2  the art or composition of poetry 诗歌艺术，作诗法 [Middle English from Old French poesie, ultimately via Latin poesis from Greek poēsis = poiēsis ‘making, poetry’ (as POEM)]

poet /ˈpəʊit/ n. (fem. poetess /-tis/)  1  a writer of poems 诗人 2  a person possessing high powers of imagination or expression etc. 富有想像力(或表达力)的人 [Middle English via Old French poete and Latin poeta from Greek poētēs = poiētēs ‘maker, poet’ (as POEM)]

poetaster /pəʊiˈtæstə/ n.  a paltry or inferior poet 低劣(蹩脚)诗人 [modern Latin (as POET): see -ASTER]

poetic /pəʊˈetik/ adj. (also 亦作 poetical /-tik(ə)l/)  1  a  of or like poetry or poets 诗(似)的，诗人(似)的b  written in verse 用诗写的 2  elevated or sublime in expression 善于表达的 □ poetically  adv.   [French poétique via Latin poeticus from Greek poētikos (as POET)]

poeticize /pəʊˈetisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make (a theme) poetic 使(主题)诗(意)化

poetic justice n.  well-deserved unforeseen retribution or reward 诗的报应，诗的公正(应得的奖罚报应)

poetic licence n.  a writer's or artist's transgression of established rules for effect 诗的破格

poetics /pəʊˈetiks/ n.  1  the art of writing poetry 写诗艺术 2  the study of poetry and its techniques 诗学，诗歌技巧

poetize /ˈpəʊitaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  play the poet 赋诗，吟诗 2 intr.  compose poetry 作诗 3 tr.  treat poetically 使诗化 4 tr.  celebrate in poetry 用诗称颂 [French poétiser (as POET)]

Poet Laureate n. (pl. Poets Laureate) (in the UK) a poet appointed to write poems for state occasions (英国) (为国家大典作诗的)桂冠诗人

poetry /ˈpəʊitri/ n.  1  the art or work of a poet 作诗技巧，诗篇 2  poems collectively 诗(总称) 3  a poetic or tenderly pleasing quality 诗意，诗一般的感受 4  anything likened to poetry in respect of its beauty, soulfulness, etc. 诗一般美的事物 [Middle English via medieval Latin poetria from Latin poeta POET, probably on the pattern of geometry]

Poets' Corner n.  part of Westminster Abbey where several poets are buried or commemorated (威斯敏斯特大教堂的)诗人角

po-faced /pəʊˈfeist/ adj. Brit. [英]  1  solemn-faced, humourless 面部表情严肃的，无幽默感的 2  smug 沾沾自喜的 [20th c.: perhaps from PO, influenced by poker-faced]

pogo /ˈpəʊɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (also 亦作 pogo stick)  a toy consisting of a spring-loaded stick with rests for the feet, for springing about on 弹簧单高跷(一种跳跃游戏玩具) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

pogrom /ˈpɒɡrəm, -ɡrɒm, pəˈɡrɒm/ n.  an organized massacre (originally of Jews in Russia) (源于沙俄时代对犹太人的)集体屠杀 [Russian, = devastation, from gromit' ‘destroy’]

poignant /ˈpɔinjənt/ adj.  1  painfully sharp to the emotions or senses; deeply moving 痛切的，辛酸的，深深打动人心的 2  arousing sympathy 令人同情的 3  sharp or pungent in taste or smell (气味)浓烈的，辛辣的 4  pleasantly piquant 令人兴奋的 □ poignance  n.  □ poignancy  n.  □ poignantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of poindre ‘prick’, from Latin pungere]

poikilotherm /ˈpɔikiləˌθɜ:m/ n.  an organism that regulates its body temperature by behavioural means, such as basking or burrowing; a cold-blooded organism (cf. 参见 HOMEOTHERM) 变温动物；冷血动物 □ poikilothermal  /-ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  □ poikilothermia  /-ˈθɜ:miə/ n.  □ poikilothermic  /-ˈθɜ:mik/ adj.  □ poikilothermy  n.   [Greek poikilos ‘multicoloured, changeable’ + thermē ‘heat’]

poilu /pwɑ:ˈlu:, 法 pwaly/ n. hist.  a French private soldier, esp. as a nickname [史义] (尤指作为绰号的)法国兵 [French, literally ‘hairy’ from poil ‘hair’]

poinciana /pɔinsiˈɑ:nə/ n.  any tropical tree of the former genus Poinciana (now Caesalpinia or Delonix), with bright showy red flowers 黄蝴蝶属热带植物 [modern Latin, from the name of M. de Poinci, 17th-c. governor in the West Indies + fem. suffix -ana]

poind /pɔind, pind/ v. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●v. tr.  distrain upon; impound 扣押(财物)；将…关入栏中 ●n.  1  an act of poinding 扣押 2  an animal or chattel poinded 关入栏的动物；扣押的动产 [Middle English from Old English pyndan ‘impound’]

poinsettia /pɔinˈsetiə/ n.  a shrub, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with large showy scarlet or pink bracts surrounding small yellow flowers 一品红 [modern Latin, named after J. R. Poinsett, American diplomat d. 1851]

point /pɔint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the sharp or tapered end of a tool, weapon, pencil, etc. (工具、武器、铅笔等的)尖端，尖头 2  a tip or extreme end 梢，末端 3  that which in geometry has position but not magnitude, e.g. the intersection of two lines (几何)点(如两线相交点) 4  a particular place or position (特殊的)地点；位置  Bombay and points east  孟买及其以东各地 point of contact  接触点 5  a  a precise or particular moment 精确(特殊)的瞬间  at the point of death  在临死时b  the critical or decisive moment 关键(决定)时刻  when it came to the point, he refused  关键时刻他拒绝了 6  a very small mark on a surface (面上的)小点 7  a  a dot or other punctuation mark, esp. = FULL STOP 1 点、标点，(尤指)句号b  a dot or small stroke used in Semitic languages to indicate vowels or distinguish consonants (闪语族语言的)变音符 8  = DECIMAL POINT  9  a stage or degree in progress or increase (进展、增进的)阶段，程度  abrupt to the point of rudeness  突然到无礼的程度 at that point we gave up  在那个阶段我们放弃了 10  a level of temperature at which a change of state occurs (温度的)度，冰点，沸点  freezing point  冰点 11  a single item; a detail or particular 项目；细则  we differ on these points  在这些细节上我们存有分歧 it is a point of principle  这是原则性问题 12  a  a unit of scoring in games or of measuring value etc. (用作游戏中记分或计量单位的)分数；点数b  an advantage or success in less quantifiable contexts such as an argument or discussion (争论、讨论)有利，成功c  a unit of weight (2 mg) for diamonds (钻石的重量单位)分 (2 毫克)d  a unit (of varying value) in quoting the price of stocks etc. (证券价格等价值变化的单位)点 13  a (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the significant or essential thing; what is actually intended or under discussion 核心问题，意图，观点  that was the point of the question  那是问题的要害b (usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常与否定或疑问词连用 ; often foll. by 常后跟 in)  sense or purpose; advantage or value 意义，目的；好处，价值  saw no point in staying  看到留下没有好处c (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a salient feature of a story, joke, remark, etc. (故事、笑话、意见等的)重点  don't see the point  不明白中心意思 14  a distinctive feature or characteristic 特点，特征  it has its points  自有它的特点 tact is not his good point  机敏不是他的强项 15  pungency, effectiveness 辛辣；效力  their comments lacked point  他们的评论没有收到效果 16  a  each of 32 directions marked at equal distances round a compass 罗经点(罗盘上的 32 个方位)b  the corresponding direction towards the horizon 罗经方位 17 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  a junction of two railway lines, with a pair of linked tapering rails that can be moved laterally to allow a train to pass from one line to the other [英] (铁路的)道岔，尖轨 18 Brit. [英]  = POWER POINT  19 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  each of a set of electrical contacts in the distributor of a motor vehicle (汽车配电器上的点火)接触点 20 Cricket 【板球】  a  a fielder on the off side near the batsman 防守队员b  this position 防守位置 21  the tip of the toe in ballet (芭蕾舞)足尖，脚尖 22  a promontory 岬角，海角 23  the prong of a deer's antler (鹿角)叉尖 24 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the extremities of a dog, horse, etc. (马、狗等动物头和躯干的)外部位(如耳、尾、肢等) 25 Printing  a unit of measurement for type bodies (in the UK and US 0.351 mm, in Europe 0.376 mm) 【印刷】(字体大小单位)点(英国、美国为 0.351 毫米，欧洲为 0.376 毫米) 26 Hunting 【狩猎】  a  a spot to which a straight run is made (可笔直跑到的)猎物点b  such a run (朝猎物点的)直跑 27 Heraldry  any of nine particular positions on a shield used for specifying the position of charges etc. 【纹章学】(纹章盾上的)图记位置 28  an area of contrasting colour in the fur of certain cats (某种猫皮上的)颜色对比部分 29 Boxing  the tip of the chin as a spot for a knockout blow 【拳击】(拳击中作为击着点的)颏尖 30 Mil.  a small leading party of an advanced guard 【军】尖兵队 31 hist.  a tagged lace for lacing a bodice, attaching a hose to a doublet, etc. [史义] (中世纪衣服上的)尖包头系带 32 Naut.  a short piece of cord at the lower edge of a sail for tying up a reef 【海】束帆绳 33  the act or position of a dog in pointing (发现猎物时)狗示意猎物的动作(姿势) ●v.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, at)  a tr.  direct or aim (a finger, weapon, etc.) 使(手指、武器等)对准，瞄准b intr.  direct attention in a certain direction 指，指向  pointed to the house across the road  指着街对面的房子 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, towards)  a  aim or be directed to 对准，朝向b  tend towards 趋向 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  indicate; be evidence of 显示，证明  it all points to murder  所有这一切都证明是谋杀 4 tr.  give point or force to (words or actions) 强调，加强(言语、动作)的力量 5 tr.  fill in or repair the joints of (brickwork) with smoothly finished mortar or cement (用灰膏、水泥)勾嵌(砖建筑物)的砌缝 6 tr.  a  punctuate 加标点于b  insert points in (written Hebrew etc.) 在(希伯来等书面语)上加变音符号c  mark (Psalms etc.) with signs for chanting (为便于颂唱)给(赞美诗等)标上点号 7 tr.  sharpen (a pencil, tool, etc.) 削尖(铅笔、工具等) 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a dog) indicate the presence of (game) by acting as pointer (狗)示意指出(猎物的)位置 □ at all points   in every part or respect 在各方面；完全地□ at the point of  (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun)  on the verge of; about to do (the action specified) 正要…之际，即将(完成某动作)□ beside the point   irrelevant or irrelevantly 离题的(地)，不相关的(地)□ case in point   an instance that is relevant or (prec. by 前接 the) under consideration 恰当的事例□ have a point   be correct or effective in one's contention 正确；有道理□ in point   apposite, relevant 适当的；相关的□ in point of fact   see 见 FACT □ make (or prove) a (or one's) point   establish a proposition; prove one's contention 立论，证明论点□ make a point of  (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun)  insist on; treat or regard as essential 坚持，认为必要，重视□ on (or upon) the point of  (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun)  about to do (the action specified) 准备做(规定的行动)□ point out  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  indicate, show; draw attention to 指出；指明；使注意到□ point up   emphasize; show as important 强调，明确表明□ score points off   get the better of in an argument etc. (在争辩等中)占上风□ take a person's point  esp. Brit.  concede that a person has made a valid contention [尤英]承认某人的论点正确□ to the point   relevant or relevantly 中肯的(地)，切题的(地)□ up to a point   to some extent but not completely 在一定程度上□ win on points  Boxing  win by scoring more points, not by a knockout 【拳击】以点数高获胜(非以击倒获胜) [Middle English via Old French point, pointer from Latin punctum, from pungere punct- ‘prick’]

point-blank adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  a (of a shot) aimed or fired horizontally at a range very close to the target (射击)近距离平射的b (of a distance or range) very close (距离、射程)很近的 2 (of a remark, question, etc.) blunt, direct (言语、问题等)率直的，直截了当的 ●adv.  1  at very close range 近距离地 2  directly, bluntly 直接地；率直地 [probably from POINT + BLANK = white spot in the centre of a target]

point duty n. Brit.  the duty of a police officer or traffic warden stationed at a crossroad or other point to control traffic [英] (警察或交警在十字路口或其他地点指挥交通的)岗位值勤

pointed /ˈpɔintid/ adj.  1  sharpened or tapering to a point 尖的；有尖头的 2 (of a remark etc.) having point; penetrating, cutting (言语等)尖锐的；透彻的，敏锐的 3  emphasized; made evident 突出的，明显的 □ pointedly  adv.  □ pointedness  n.  

pointer /ˈpɔintə/ n.  1  a thing that points, e.g. the index hand of a gauge etc. 指示物(如计量器的指针) 2  a rod for pointing to features on a map, chart, etc. 指示棒，教鞭 3 colloq.  a hint, clue, or indication [口]暗示，线索 4  a  a dog of a breed that on scenting game stands rigid looking towards it (会示意猎物位置的)猎犬b  this breed (能嗅出并示意指出猎物位置的)猎犬种 5 (in pl. 用复数)  two stars in Ursa Major in line with the pole star (大熊星座中的)两颗指极星

pointillism /ˈpwæntiliz(ə)m/ n. Art  a technique of Impressionist painting using tiny dots of various pure colours, which become blended in the viewer's eye 【艺术】法国印象派的点彩派画技，点彩画法 □ pointillist  n. & adj.  □ pointillistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [French pointillisme from pointiller ‘mark with dots’]

pointing /ˈpɔintiŋ/ n.  1  cement or mortar filling the joints of brickwork 勾缝(嵌填)用的水泥(灰泥) 2  facing produced by this (经过勾缝、嵌填后的)饰面 3  the process of producing this (勾缝嵌填)工序

point lace n.  thread lace made wholly with a needle 针绣花边；手工花边

pointless /ˈpɔintlis/ adj.  1  without a point 无尖的；钝的 2  lacking force, purpose, or meaning 乏力的，无目的的，无意义的 3 (in games) without a point scored (比赛)未得分的 □ pointlessly  adv.  □ pointlessness  n.  

point of honour n.  an action or circumstance that affects one's reputation or conscience 名誉问题，面子攸关的问题

point of no return n.  a point in a journey or enterprise at which it becomes essential or more practical to continue to the end 不可返回点，只能朝前不可退却的境地

point of order n.  a query in a debate etc. as to whether correct procedure is being followed (争论等中被质询的)程序问题

point of sale n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  the place at which goods are retailed 销售点(的)

point of view n.  1  a position from which a thing is viewed 观察点，观察位置 2  a particular way of considering a matter 观点

pointsman /ˈpɔintsmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. [英]  1  a person in charge of railway points 扳道工 2  a police officer or traffic warden on point duty (岗位值勤的)警察(或交警)

point-to-point n.  a steeplechase over a marked course for horses used regularly in hunting 定点越野赛马 □ point-to-pointer  n.  □ point-to-pointing  n.  

pointy /ˈpɔinti/ adj. (pointier, pointiest)  having a noticeably sharp end; pointed 有尖头的，尖的

poise1 /pɔiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  composure or self-possession of manner 镇静，泰然自若 2  equilibrium; a stable state 平衡；平稳 3  carriage (of the head etc.) (头等的)姿势；姿态 ●v.  1 tr.  balance; hold suspended or supported 使平稳，使悬着不动，把…支撑着不动 2 tr.  carry (one's head etc. in a specified way) 使(头部等)摆出某种姿势 3 intr.  be balanced; hover in the air etc. 保持平衡；悬(在空中等) [Middle English from Old French pois, peis, peser, ultimately via Latin pensum ‘weight’ from pendere pens- ‘weigh’]

poise2 /pɔiz/ n. Physics  a unit of dynamic viscosity, such that a tangential force of one dyne per square centimetre causes a velocity change one centimetre per second between two parallel planes separated by one centimetre in a liquid 【物理学】泊(动力黏度单位) [named after J. L. M. Poiseuille, French physician d. 1869]

poised /pɔizd/ adj.  1  composed, self-assured 泰然自若的；有自信心的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  ready for action 准备行动的

poison /ˈpɔiz(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a substance that when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism causes death or injury, esp. one that kills by rapid action even in a small quantity 毒药，毒物 2  a harmful influence or principle etc. 有害的影响(信条等) 3 Physics & Chem.  a substance that interferes with the normal progress of a nuclear reaction, chain reaction, catalytic reaction, etc. 【物理学】【化】(干扰核反应、链式反应、催化反应等正常反应的)抑制剂 ●v. tr.  1  administer poison to (a person or animal) 给(人、动物)施毒 2  kill or injure or infect with poison 毒死，毒害，使中毒 3  infect (air, water, etc.) with poison 使(空气、水等)受污染 4 (esp. as 尤作 poisoned adj.)  treat (a weapon) with poison 在(武器)上涂毒 5  corrupt or pervert (a person or mind) 腐蚀，使(人、心灵)堕落 6  spoil or destroy (a person's pleasure etc.) 毁坏，破坏(人的情趣等) 7  render (land etc.) foul and unfit for its purpose by a noxious application etc. 使(土地等)受污染而不适宜于耕种 □ poisoner  n.  □ poisonous  adj.  □ poisonously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French poison, poisonner (as POTION)]

poisoned chalice n.  an assignment, award, honour, etc. which is likely to prove a disadvantage or source of problems to the recipient 可能会给接受者带来麻烦或对接受者不利的派遣、奖品和荣誉等

poison gas n.  = GASn. 4 

poison ivy n.  a N. American climbing plant, Rhus radicans, secreting an irritant oil from its leaves (北美攀缘植物)气根毒藤

poison oak n.  either of two N. American shrubs, Rhus toxicodendron and R. diversilobia, related to poison ivy and having similar properties (北美与气根毒藤有亲缘关系的)太平洋漆树；栎叶漆树

poison pen letter n.  an anonymous libellous or abusive letter 匿名诽谤信

poison pill n.  1  a pill containing esp. fast-acting poison 剧毒药片 2 Finance  any of various ploys used by a company threatened with an unwelcome takeover bid to make itself unattractive to the bidder 【金融】毒药(指公司反兼并而向兼并者提出的苛刻兼并条件)

Poisson distribution /ˈpwæsɒn/ n. Statistics  a discrete frequency distribution which gives the probability of events occurring in a fixed time 【统计学】泊松分布 [named after S. D. Poisson, French mathematician d. 1840]

poke1 /pəʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in, up, down, etc.)  a tr.  thrust or push with the hand, point of a stick, etc. (用手、棒端等)戳；捅b intr.  be thrust forward 被向前挤，被向前伸 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at etc.)  make thrusts with a stick etc. (用棍棒等)捅；推；刺 3 tr.  thrust the end of a finger etc. against 把(指尖等)伸向(戳) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  produce (a hole etc. in a thing) by poking (在某物上)捅(洞等) 5 tr.  thrust forward, esp. obtrusively (尤指强行地)戳进；插进 6 tr.  stir (a fire) with a poker (用拨火棍)拨(火) 7 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  move or act desultorily; potter 行动散漫；游荡b (foll. by 后跟 about, into)  pry; search casually 刺探；搜索 8 tr. coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) colloq.  confine (esp. oneself) in a poky place [口]使(尤指自己)困在某地 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of poking 戳，捅 2  a thrust or nudge 挤，插，(轻)推 3  a device fastened on cattle etc. to prevent them breaking through fences (防止牛等跑出栅栏的)触地颈轭 4  a  a projecting brim or front of a woman's bonnet or hat (女帽的)突出的帽檐b (in full 全称 poke-bonnet)  a bonnet having this 有帽檐的女帽 □ poke fun at   ridicule, tease 挖苦，取笑□ poke one's nose into  colloq.  pry or intrude into (esp. a person's affairs) [口]探问；干预(尤指别人的事情) [Middle English from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German poken, of unknown origin]

poke2 /pəʊk/ n. dial.  a bag or sack [方]袋，袋子 □ buy a pig in a poke   see 见 PIG  [Middle English from Old Norman French poke, poque = Old French poche: cf. POUCH]

poker1 /ˈpəʊkə/ n.  a metal rod with a handle, for stirring an open fire (带把儿的金属)拨火棍

poker2 /ˈpəʊkə/ n.  a card game in which bluff is used as players bet on the value of their hands 扑克牌戏，纸牌戏 [19th c.: origin unknown: cf. German pochen ‘to brag’, Pochspiel ‘bragging game’]

poker dice n.  dice with card designs from nine to ace instead of spots (骰子上刻有扑克牌中九到 A 图形的)扑克骰子

poker-face n.  1  the impassive countenance appropriate to a poker player 无表情的面孔 2  a person with this 面部毫无表情的人 □ poker-faced  adj.  

pokerwork /ˈpəʊkəwɜ:k/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the technique of burning designs on white wood etc. with a heated metal rod (金属在白木等上的)烙画 2  a design made in this way 烙画图案

pokeweed /ˈpəʊkwi:d/ n.  a tall hardy American plant, Phytolacca americana, with spikes of cream flowers and purple berries that yield emetics and purgatives 美洲商陆(植物) [Algonquian poke + WEED]

pokey /ˈpəʊki/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) esp. US slang  prison [尤美] [俚语]监狱 [perhaps from POKY]

poky /ˈpəʊki/ adj. (pokier, pokiest)  1 (of a room etc.) small and cramped (房间等)狭小的，拥挤的 2 US  annoyingly slow [美]慢吞吞的 □ pokily  adv.  □ pokiness  n.   [POKE1 (in colloq. sense ‘confine’) + -Y1]

polack /ˈpəʊlæk/ n. N. Amer. slang offens.  a person of Polish origin [北美] [俚语] [冒犯]波兰人后裔 [French Polaque and German Polack from Polish Polak]

Poland   波兰

polar /ˈpəʊlə/ adj.  1  a  of or near a pole of the earth or a celestial body, or of the celestial sphere 地(天体)极的，近地(天体)极的b (of a species or variety) living in the north polar region (种、亚种)生活在北极区的 2  having magnetic polarity 磁极的 3  a (of a molecule) having a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other (分子)有正负极的b (of a compound) having electric charges (化合物)极性的 4 Geom.  of or relating to a pole 【几】极坐标(系)的 5  directly opposite in character or tendency (性格或趋向)正好相反的 □ polarly  adv.   [French polaire or modern Latin polaris (in medieval Latin = heavenly): see POLE2]

polar bear n.  a white bear, Thalarctos maritimus, of the Arctic regions 北极熊

polar body n.  a small cell produced from an oocyte during the formation of an ovum, which does not develop further (细胞)极体

polar coordinate n. Math.  either of a pair of coordinates describing the position of a point in a plane, the first being the length of the straight line connecting the point to the origin, and the second the angle made by this line with a fixed line 【数】极坐标

polar curve n.  a curve related in a particular way to a given curve and to a fixed point called a pole 配极曲线

polar distance n.  the angular distance of a point on a sphere from the nearest pole 极距

polari- /ˈpəʊləri/ comb. form  polar [构词成分]极的，极地的 [modern Latin polaris (as POLE2)]

polarimeter /pəʊləˈrimitə/ n.  an instrument used to measure the polarization of light or the effect of a substance on the rotation of the plane of polarized light 旋光计；偏振计 □ polarimetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ polarimetry  n.  

Polaris /pə(ʊ)ˈlɑ:ris/ n.  1  = POLE STAR 1  2  a type of submarine-launched ballistic missile 北极星导弹(一种从潜艇发射的弹道导弹) [medieval Latin: see POLAR]

polariscope /pə(ʊ)ˈlæriskəʊp/ n.  = POLARIMETER  □ polariscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  

polarity /pə(ʊ)ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the tendency of a lodestone, magnetized bar, etc., to point with its extremities to the magnetic poles of the earth 极性 2  the condition of having two poles with contrary qualities (性质)正好相反 3  the state of having two opposite tendencies, opinions, etc. (倾向、观点等)截然不同 4  the electrical condition of a body (positive or negative) (电的正、负)极 5  a magnetic attraction towards an object or person (对物或人的)磁性引力

polarize /ˈpəʊləraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  restrict the vibrations (of a transverse wave, esp. light) to one direction 使(横波，尤指光的)集中 2 tr.  give magnetic or electric polarity to (a substance or body) 使(物质或物体)极化 3 tr.  reduce the voltage of (an electric cell) by the action of electrolysis products 减小(电池的)电压 4 tr. & intr.  divide into two groups of opposing opinion etc. (使观点等)两极分化；截然相反 □ polarizable  adj.  □ polarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ polarizer  n.  

polarography /pəʊləˈrɒɡrəfi/ n. Chem.  chemical analysis of a substance by electrolysing it at successively higher voltages and measuring the resulting current 【化】极谱法(学) □ polarographic  /-əˈɡræfik/ adj.  

Polaroid /ˈpəʊlərɔid/ n. propr. [商标]  1  material in thin plastic sheets that produces a high degree of plane polarization in light passing through it 偏振薄膜 2  a  a type of camera with internal processing that produces a finished print rapidly after each exposure 宝丽来一次成像照相机b  a photograph taken with such a camera 宝丽来一次成像照片 3 (in pl. 用复数)  sunglasses with lenses made from Polaroid (用偏振材料制的)太阳眼镜 [POLARI- + -OID]

polar star n.  = POLE STAR 

polder /ˈpəʊldə/ n.  a piece of low-lying land reclaimed from the sea or a river, esp. in the Netherlands (尤指荷兰围海(河)而造的)低田；圩田 [Middle Dutch polre, Dutch polder]

Pole /pəʊl/ n.  1  a native or national of Poland 波兰人，波兰国民 2  a person of Polish descent 波兰人后裔 [German from Polish Polanie, literally ‘field-dwellers’, from pole ‘field’]

pole1 /pəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long slender rounded piece of wood or metal, esp. with the end placed in the ground as a support etc. (木质、金属的)杆；支杆 2  a wooden shaft fitted to the front of a vehicle and attached to the yokes or collars of the draught animals 车辕 3 Athletics  a long slender flexible rod of wood, fibreglass, etc. used by a competitor in pole-vaulting 【竞技】(木质的或玻璃纤维制成的撑竿跳高用的)撑竿 4 esp. US  a simple fishing rod [尤美]简易的钓鱼杆 5 hist. [史义]  = PERCH1 3  ●v. tr.  1  provide with a pole or poles 用杆支(撑) 2 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 off)  push off (a punt etc.) with a pole 用篙撑(船等) □ under bare poles  Naut.  with no sail set 【海】不张帆的(地)□ up the pole  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  crazy, eccentric 头脑有点失常，怪癖的 2  in difficulty 处境困难，进退两难 [Old English pɑˉl, ultimately from Latin palus ‘stake’]

pole2 /pəʊl/ n.  1 (in full 全称 north pole, south pole)  a  each of the two points in the celestial sphere about which the stars appear to revolve (天体的)极b  each of the extremities of the axis of rotation of the earth or another body 地极，(其他星球的)极区c  see 见 MAGNETIC POLE  2  each of the two opposite points on the surface of a magnet at which magnetic forces are strongest 磁极 3  each of two terminals (positive and negative) of an electric cell or battery etc. (电池或电池组的)正负极 4  each of two opposed principles or ideas (原则或观点)截然相反的两极之一，极端 5 Geom.  each of two points in which the axis of a circle cuts the surface of a sphere 【几】(球体的)轴极 6 Geom.  a fixed point to which others are referred 【几】(极坐标的)极点 7 Biol.  an extremity of the main axis of any spherical or oval organ 【生】极，纺锤极 □ be poles apart   differ greatly, esp. in nature or opinion (性质或意见)截然不同，完全相反□ poleward  adj.  □ polewards  adj. & adv.   [Middle English via Latin polus from Greek polos ‘pivot, axis, sky’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, the spelling is North Pole and South Pole (capitals) when used as geographical designations. 在释义 1 中，当用作地理名称时，其拼写应为大写 North Pole 和 South Pole 。 

pole-axe /ˈpəʊlæks/ n. & v. (US [美] poleax) ●n.  1 hist. [史义]  = BATTLEAXE 1  2  a butcher's axe 屠斧 ●v. tr.  hit or kill with or as if with a pole-axe (似)用屠斧砍(杀) [Middle English pol(l)ax, -ex from Middle Dutch pol(l)aex, Middle Low German pol(l)exe (as POLL1, AXE)]

polecat /ˈpəʊlkæt/ n.  1 Brit.  a small European brownish-black fetid flesh-eating mammal, Mustela putorius, of the weasel family [英] (鼬科)艾鼬 2 US  a skunk [美]臭鼬 [pole (unexplained) + CAT1]

polemic /pəˈlemik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (also in pl. 亦用复数)  a controversial discussion 争论，辩论 2 Polit.  a verbal or written attack, esp. on a political opponent 【政】(尤指对政敌的口头或书面的)攻击，驳斥 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  the art of controversial discussion, esp. in theology (尤指神学中的)争辩术 ●adj. (also 亦作 polemical)  involving dispute; controversial 争论的，辩论的 □ polemically  adv.  □ polemicist  /-sist/ n.  □ polemicize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ polemize  /ˈpɒlimaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [medieval Latin polemicus from Greek polemikos, from polemos ‘war’]

polenta /pə(ʊ)ˈlentə/ n.  porridge made of maize meal etc. (玉米面等煮的)粥 [Italian from Latin, = pearl barley]

pole position n.  the most favourable position at the start of a motor race (originally next to the inside boundary fence) (汽车赛起跑时的)有利位置(紧贴内区围栏)

pole star n.  1 Astron.  a star in Ursa Minor now about 1° distant from the celestial North Pole 【天】(大熊星座中的)北极星 2  a  a thing or principle serving as a guide 指南，指导原则b  a centre of attraction 注意力的中心

pole vault n. & v. ●n.  the athletic sport of vaulting over a high bar with the aid of a long flexible pole held in the hands and giving extra spring 撑竿跳高 ●v. intr. (pole-vault)  take part in this sport 参加撑竿跳高项目 □ pole-vaulter  n.  

police /pəˈli:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the; usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  the civil force of a state, responsible for maintaining public order 警方，警察部门，警察部队 2 (treated as pl. 看作复数)  the members of a police force 警察  several hundred police  几百名警察 3 (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  a force with similar functions of enforcing regulations 警卫组织，治安组织  military police  宪兵队 railway police  铁路警察 ●v. tr.  1  control (a country or area) by means of police (用警察)管治(国家、地区) 2  provide with police 为…配备警察 3  keep in order; control; monitor 维护…的治安；控制；监督 [French from medieval Latin politia POLICY1]

police constable  see 见 CONSTABLE 

police dog n.  a dog, esp. an Alsatian, used in police work 警犬(尤指阿尔萨斯狼狗)

police force n.  the body of police of a country, district, or town (国家、地区、城镇全体的)警察

police informer n.  a person who gives police information about crimes and offenders (给警方提供作案情报的)犯人告密者，内线犯人

policeman /pəˈli:smən/ n. (pl. -men)  a male member of a police force (男)警察

police officer n.  a policeman or policewoman (男、女)警察，警员

police state n.  a totalitarian state controlled by political police supervising the citizens' activities 警察国家，极权国家

police station n.  the office of a local police force 派出所，警察(分)局

policewoman /pəˈli:swʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female member of a police force 女警察

policy1 /ˈpɒlisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual etc. (政府、政党、公司或个人等提出的)方针，政策 2  prudent conduct; sagacity 精明的行为；智慧 [Middle English via Old French policie and Latin politia from Greek politeia ‘citizenship’, via politēs ‘citizen’ from polis ‘city’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at POLITY. 见 POLITY 的用法说明。 

policy2 /ˈpɒlisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a contract of insurance 保险单 2  a document containing this 保险单据(文件) [French police ‘bill of lading, contract of insurance’ from Provençal poliss(i)a, probably from medieval Latin apodissa, apodixa via Latin apodixis from Greek apodeixis ‘evidence, proof’ (as APO-, deiknumi ‘show’)]

policyholder /ˈpɒlisiˌhəʊldə/ n.  a person or body holding an insurance policy 保险客户，投保人

polio /ˈpəʊliəʊ/ n.  = POLIOMYELITIS  [abbreviation]

poliomyelitis /ˌpəʊliəʊmaiəˈlaitis, ˌpɒliəʊ-/ n. Med.  an infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system and which can cause temporary or permanent paralysis 【医】脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症 [modern Latin, from Greek polios ‘grey’ + muelos ‘marrow’]

Polish /ˈpəʊliʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Poland 波兰的，与波兰有关的 2  of the Poles or their language 波兰人的，波兰语的 ●n.  the language of Poland 波兰语

polish /ˈpɒliʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become smooth or glossy by rubbing 磨光；擦亮；抛光 2 tr. (esp. as 尤作 polished adj.)  refine or improve; add finishing touches to (使)变得优雅(的)；改进(的)；润色(的) ●n.  1  a substance used for polishing 抛光剂 2  smoothness or glossiness produced by friction (磨擦后的)光滑，光亮 3  the act or an instance of polishing 磨光；擦亮 4  refinement or elegance of manner, conduct, etc. (风度、行为等的)文雅，优雅 □ polish off   finish (esp. food) quickly (很快地)吃完(食物)□ polish up   revise or improve (a skill etc.) 使完善，改进(技能等)□ polishable  adj.  □ polisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French polir from Latin polire polit-]

Polish notation n. Math.  a system of formula notation without brackets and punctuation 【数】波兰表示法(无括号无标点表示法)

politburo /ˈpɒlitˌbjʊərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the principal policy-making committee of a Communist party, esp. in the former USSR (尤指前苏联共产党中央委员会的)政治局 [Russian politbyuro from politícheskoe byuró ‘political bureau’]

polite /pəˈlait/ adj. (politer, politest)  1  having good manners; courteous 文雅的；有礼貌的 2  cultivated, cultured 有教养的，有文化的 3  refined, elegant 高雅的，优美的  polite letters  纯文学 □ politely  adv.  □ politeness  n.   [Latin politus (as POLISH)]

politesse /pɒliˈtes/ n.  formal politeness 礼貌；客气 [French from Italian politezza, pulitezza, from pulito ‘polite’]

politic /ˈpɒlitik/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of an action) judicious, expedient (行为)明智的；权宜之计的 2 (of a person) prudent, sagacious (人)审慎的，智慧的 3  political (now only in body politic) 政治的(现在只用在“政治实体”上) ●v. intr. (politicked, politicking)  engage in politics 从事政治活动 □ politicly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French politique and Latin politicus from Greek politikos, via politēs ‘citizen’ from polis ‘city’]

political /pəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or concerning the state or its government, or public affairs generally 国家的，政府的，公共事务的，与国家(政府或公共事务)有关的b  of, relating to, or engaged in politics 政治的，与政治相关的，从事政治的c  belonging to or forming part of a civil administration 行政的，行政上的 2  having an organized form of society or government 有(社会或政府)组织形式的 3  taking or belonging to a side in politics or in controversial matters 政治派别的；派别争论的 4  relating to or affecting interests of status or authority in an organization rather than matters of principle 牵涉地位权限的  a political decision  互相倾轧的决定 □ politically  adv.   [Latin politicus (as POLITIC)]

political asylum n.  protection given by a state to a political refugee from another country 政治避难(庇护)

political correctness n.  the avoidance of forms of expression or action that exclude, marginalize, or insult racial and cultural minorities 政治正确性

political economist n.  a student of or expert in political economy 政治经济学者(家)

political economy n.  the study of the economic aspects of government 政治经济学

political geography n.  that dealing with boundaries and the possessions of states (研究国家间边界、疆域的)政治地理学

politically correct adj. (also 亦作 politically incorrect)  exhibiting (or failing to exhibit) political correctness 政治上正确(与否)的

political prisoner n.  a person imprisoned for political beliefs or actions 政治犯

political science n.  the study of the state and systems of government 政治学 □ political scientist  n.  政治学家

politician /pɒliˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a person engaged in or concerned with politics, esp. as a practitioner 政治家(尤指实践者) 2 esp. Brit.  a person skilled in politics [尤英]政客 3 US derog. [美贬]  a  a person with self-interested political concerns 政治贩子b  a person who strives for power by manipulation 玩弄权术者

politicize /pəˈlitisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  give a political character to 使具有政治性，赋予…政治性b  make politically aware 使政治化 2 intr.  engage in or talk politics 从事(谈论)政治 □ politicization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

politico /pəˈlitikəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a politician or political enthusiast [口]政客，政治狂热者 [Spanish or Italian (as POLITIC)]

politico- /pəˈlitikəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  politically 政治上 2  political and (politico-social 政治和社会的) 政治和… [Greek politikos: see POLITIC]

politics /ˈpɒlitiks/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a  the art and science of government 政治；政治学b  public life and affairs as involving authority and government 政治生活；政治事务 2 (usu. treated as pl. 常看作复数)  a  a particular set of ideas, principles, or commitments in politics 政见，政纲，政治承诺  what are their politics?  他们的政见如何？b  activities concerned with the acquisition or exercise of authority or government 政治活动c  an organizational process or principle affecting authority, status, etc. (政治的)手腕，策略，权术  the politics of the decision  这项决定的政治背景

polity /ˈpɒliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a form or process of civil government or constitution 政权形式，政体 2  an organized society; a state as a political entity 组织体制；国体 [Latin politia from Greek politeia, via politēs ‘citizen’ from polis ‘city’]■Usage 用法说明 This word is sometimes confused with policy. It means neither ‘policy’ nor ‘politics’. 该词有时易与 policy 相混。它既不是 policy (政策)，也不是 politics (政治)。 

polka /ˈpɒlkə, ˈpəʊlkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lively dance of Bohemian origin in duple time 波尔卡舞(起源于波希米亚的轻快舞蹈) 2  the music for this 波尔卡舞曲 ●v. intr. (polkas, polkaed /-kəd/ or polka'd, polkaing /-kəiŋ/)  dance the polka 跳波尔卡舞 [French and German from Czech půlka ‘half-step’, from půl ‘half’]

polka dot n.  a round dot as one of many forming a regular pattern on a textile fabric etc. 衣料上的圆点花纹

Poll /pɒl/   波尔 [人名]

poll1 /pəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the process of voting at an election 选举投票b  the counting of votes at an election 选举计票c  the result of voting 投票结果d  the number of votes recorded (记录的)投票数  a heavy poll  很高的投票数e (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a place where votes are cast 投票地点 2  = GALLUP POLL  3  a Sc. & dial.  a human head [苏格兰方]头部，脑袋b  the part of this on which hair grows 生长头发的部位  flaxen poll  长着淡黄色头发的脑袋 4  a hornless animal, esp. one of a breed of hornless cattle 无角动物(尤指一种无角牛) ●v.  1 tr.  a  take the vote or votes of 投票b (in passive 用被动)  have one's vote taken 已投了票c (of a candidate) receive (so many votes) (候选人)获得(若干票数)d  give (a vote) 投(一票) 2 tr.  record the opinion of (a person or group) in an opinion poll (在民意测验中)记录(人或团体的)意见 3 intr.  give one's vote 投票 4 tr.  cut off the top of (a tree or plant), esp. make a pollard of 截去(树或植物的)梢头 5 tr. (esp. as 尤作 polled adj.)  cut the horns off (cattle) 截去(牛)角的 6 tr. Computing  check the status of (a computer system) at intervals 【计算】轮询(计算机系统) □ pollee  /pəʊˈli:/ n. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)   [Middle English, perhaps from Low German or Dutch]

poll2 /pɒl/ n.  a tame parrot 驯养的鹦鹉  Pretty poll!  鹦鹉学舌！ [Poll, a conventional name for a parrot, alteration of Moll, a familiar form of Mary]

pollack /ˈpɒlək/ n. (also 亦作 pollock) (pl. same 单复同 or -s)  a European marine fish, Pollachius pollachius, with a characteristic protruding lower jaw, used for food 青鳕 [earlier (Scots) podlock: origin unknown]

pollan /ˈpɒlən/ n.  a form of freshwater whitefish found in Irish lakes 白鲑(产自爱尔兰) [perhaps from Irish poll ‘deep water’]

pollard /ˈpɒləd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an animal that has lost or cast its horns; an ox, sheep, or goat of a hornless breed 无角(或截去角的动物)，无角牛(羊、山羊) 2  a tree whose branches have been cut off to encourage the growth of new young branches, esp. a riverside willow 截去树梢(枝条)的树(以便新生枝条生长，尤指河边柳树) 3  a  the bran sifted from flour 麦麸，麸皮b  a fine bran containing some flour 细糠 ●v. tr.  make (a tree) a pollard 截去树木的树梢 [POLL1 + -ARD]

pollen /ˈpɒlən/ n.  the fine dustlike grains discharged from the male part of a flower, each containing a gamete that can fertilize the female ovule 花粉 □ pollenless  adj.   [Latin pollen pollinis ‘fine flour, dust’]

pollen analysis n.  = PALYNOLOGY 

pollen count n.  an index of the amount of pollen in the air, published esp. for the benefit of those allergic to it 花粉统计，花粉计数

pollex /ˈpɒleks/ n. (pl. pollices /-lisi:z/)  the innermost digit of a forelimb, usu. the thumb in primates 拇指 [Latin, = thumb or big toe]

pollie var.  of POLLY2  POLLY2 的变体

pollinate /ˈpɒlineit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  sprinkle (a stigma) with pollen to fertilize the flower 给(柱头)传授花粉 □ pollination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ pollinator  n.  

polling /ˈpəʊliŋ/ n.  the registering or casting of votes (投票)登记

polling booth n.  a compartment in which a voter stands to mark a ballot paper 投票亭

polling day n.  the day of a local or general election 投票日，选举日

polling station n.  a building, often a school, where voting takes place during an election 投票站，投票处(通常设在学校)

pollinic /pəˈlinik/ adj.  of or relating to pollen 花粉的；与花粉有关的

polliniferous /pɒliˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.  bearing or producing pollen 带有花粉的；产生花粉的

polliwog /ˈpɒliwɒɡ/ n. (also 亦作 pollywog) US dial.  a tadpole [美方]蝌蚪 [earlier polwigge, polwygle from POLL1 + WIGGLE]

pollock var.  of POLLACK  POLLACK 的变体

poll parrot n.  a user of conventional or clichéd phrases and arguments 学舌的人，用陈词滥调的人

pollster /ˈpəʊlstə/ n.  a person who conducts or analyses opinion polls 民意调查(分析)者

poll tax n.  1 hist.  a tax levied on every adult [史义]人头税 2  = COMMUNITY CHARGE 

pollute /pəˈlu:t/ v. tr.  1  contaminate or defile (the environment) 污染，玷污(环境) 2  make foul or filthy 弄脏，弄污 3  destroy the purity or sanctity of 玷污，败坏(圣洁) □ pollutant  adj. & n.  □ polluter  n.  □ pollution  n.   [Middle English from Latin polluere pollut-]

Polly /ˈpɒli/   波利 [人名]

polly1 /ˈpɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq.  a bottle or glass of Apollinaris water [英口]一瓶阿波利纳里斯(矿泉)水 [abbreviation]

polly2 /ˈpɒli/ n. (also 亦作 pollie) (pl. -ies) Austral.  a politician [澳]政客 [abbreviation]

Pollyanna /pɒliˈænə/ n.  a cheerful optimist; an excessively cheerful person 快活的乐观主义者；盲目快活者 □ Pollyannaish  adj.  □ Pollyannaism  n.   [a character in a novel (1913) by E. Porter]

pollywog var.  of POLLIWOG  POLLIWOG 的变体

polo /ˈpəʊləʊ/ n.  a game of Eastern origin resembling hockey, played on horseback with a long-handled mallet 马球(在马上用长柄锤打球) [Tibetan pholo, literally ‘ball game’]

polonaise /pɒləˈneiz/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dance of Polish origin in triple time (源于波兰的)波洛奈兹舞 2  the music for this 波洛奈兹舞曲 3 hist.  a woman's dress consisting of a bodice and a skirt open from the waist downwards to show an underskirt [史义] (女用)连衫裙 ●adj.  cooked in a Polish style 波兰式烹饪的 [French, fem. of polonais ‘Polish’, from medieval Latin Polonia ‘Poland’]

polo neck n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) Brit. [英]  1  a high round turned-over collar 高圆翻领 2  a pullover with this 高圆翻领套衫

polonium /pəˈləʊniəm/ n. Chem.  a rare radioactive metallic element, occurring naturally in uranium ores (symbol 符 Po) 【化】(化学元素)钋 [French and modern Latin from medieval Latin Polonia ‘Poland’ (the native country of Marie Curie, its co-discoverer) + -IUM]

polony /pəˈləʊni/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  = BOLOGNA SAUSAGE  [apparently alteration of Bologna]

polo shirt n.  a short-sleeved casual shirt with a collar and only partly buttoned down the front (开领短袖式)马球衬衫

polo stick n.  a mallet for playing polo 马球棍，马球杆

poltergeist /ˈpɒltəɡaist/ n.  a noisy mischievous ghost, esp. one manifesting itself by moving physical objects (尤指吵闹、爱移动东西捣蛋的)鬼 [German, from poltern ‘create a disturbance’ + Geist GHOST]

poltroon /pɒlˈtru:n/ n.  a spiritless coward 胆小鬼；懦夫 □ poltroonery  n.   [French poltron from Italian poltrone, perhaps from poltro ‘sluggard’]

poly /ˈpɒli/ n. (pl. polys) Brit. colloq.  polytechnic [英口]理工学院 [abbreviation]

poly- /ˈpɒli/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting many or much 表示“许多”，“很多” 2 Chem.  denoting the presence of many radicals etc. of a particular kind in a molecule (polysaccharide 聚糖 ; polystyrene 聚苯乙烯) 【化】表示“聚”，“聚合” [Greek polu- from polus ‘much’, polloi ‘many’]

polyadelphous /ˌpɒliəˈdelfəs/ adj. Bot.  having numerous stamens grouped into three or more bundles 【植】多体雄蕊的

polyamide /pɒliˈeimaid, -ˈæm-/ n. Chem.  any of a class of condensation polymers produced from the interaction of an amino group of one molecule and a carboxylic acid group of another, and which includes many synthetic fibres such as nylon 【化】聚酰胺；多胺

polyandry /ˈpɒliændri/ n.  1  polygamy in which a woman has more than one husband 一妻多夫(制) 2 Bot.  the state of having numerous stamens 【植】多雄蕊 □ polyandrous  /-ˈændrəs/ adj.   [POLY- + andry from Greek anēr andros ‘male’]

polyanthus /pɒliˈænθəs/ n. (pl. polyanthuses)  a flower cultivated from hybridized primulas 西洋樱草 [modern Latin (as POLY- + Greek anthos ‘flower’)]

polycarbonate /pɒliˈkɑ:bəneit/ n.  any of a class of polymers in which the units are linked through a carbonate group, mainly used as moulding materials 聚碳酸酯

polychaete /ˈpɒliki:t/ n.  any aquatic annelid worm of the class Polychaeta, including lugworms and ragworms, having numerous bristles on the fleshy lobes of each body segment 多毛目环节动物 □ polychaetan  /-ˈki:t(ə)n/ adj.  □ polychaetous  /-ˈki:təs/ adj.  

polychlorinated biphenyl  see 见 PCB 

polychromatic /ˌpɒlikrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  many-coloured 多色彩的，五颜六色的 2 (of radiation) containing more than one wavelength (辐射)多种波长的 □ polychromatism  /-ˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.  

polychrome /ˈpɒlikrəʊm/ adj. & n. ●adj.  painted, printed, or decorated in many colours 彩绘的，彩印的，彩饰的 ●n.  1  a work of art in several colours, esp. a coloured statue 彩色作品(尤指彩雕) 2  varied colouring 多色彩，五颜六色的 □ polychromic  /-ˈkrəʊmik/ adj.  □ polychromous  /-ˈkrəʊməs/ adj.   [French from Greek polukhrōmos (as POLY-, khrōma ‘colour’)]

polychromy /ˈpɒlikrəʊmi/ n.  the art of painting in several colours, esp. as applied to ancient pottery, architecture, etc. (尤指古代制陶、建筑等中的)彩饰法 [French polychromie (as POLYCHROME)]

polyclinic /pɒliˈklinik/ n.  a clinic devoted to various diseases; a general hospital 多科联合诊所；综合性医院

polycotton /ˈpɒlikɒt(ə)n/ n.  fabric made from a mixture of cotton and polyester fibre (棉涤)混纺纤维

polycrystalline /pɒliˈkristəlain/ adj. (of a solid substance) consisting of many crystalline parts at various orientations, e.g. a metal casting (固体物质)多晶(体)的(如金属铸件)

polycyclic /pɒliˈsaiklik, -ˈsik-/ adj. Chem.  having more than one ring of atoms in the molecule 【化】多环的

polydactyl /pɒliˈdæktil/ adj. (of a person or animal) having more than five fingers or toes on one (or on each) hand or foot (人或动物)多指(或趾)畸形的

polyester /pɒliˈestə/ n.  1  any of a group of condensation polymers used to form synthetic fibres such as Terylene or to make resins (合成涤纶或树脂的)聚酯 2  a fabric made from such a polymer 聚酯纤维，涤纶

polyethene /pɒliˈeθi:n, ˈpɒlθi:n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = POLYTHENE 

polyethylene /pɒliˈeθili:n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = POLYTHENE 

polygamous /pəˈliɡəməs/ adj.  1  having more than one wife or husband at the same time 一夫多妻(制)的；一妻多夫(制)的 2  having more than one mate 多配偶(制)的 3 Bot.  bearing some flowers with stamens only, some with pistils only, some with both, on the same or different plants 【植】杂性的 □ polygamic  /-ˈɡæmik/ adj.  □ polygamist  n.  □ polygamously  adv.  □ polygamy  n.   [Greek polugamos (as POLY-, -gamos ‘marrying’)]

polygene /ˈpɒlidʒi:n/ n. Biol.  each of a group of independent genes that collectively affect a characteristic 【生】多基因

polygenesis /pɒliˈdʒenisis/ n.  the (usu. postulated) origination of a race or species from several independent stocks (常为假设的) (人种或物种)多元发生说 □ polygenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

polygeny /pəˈlidʒ(ə)ni/ n.  the theory that humankind originated from several independent pairs of ancestors (人种)多元发生(说) □ polygenism  n.  □ polygenist  n.  

polyglot /ˈpɒliɡlɒt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of many languages 多种语言的 2 (of a person) speaking or writing several languages (人)使用多种语言的 3 (of a book, esp. the Bible) with the text translated into several languages (书籍，尤指《圣经》)译成多种文字的 ●n.  1  a polyglot person 使用多种语言的人 2  a polyglot book, esp. a Bible 多种文字对照本(尤指《圣经》) □ polyglottal  /-ˈɡlɒt(ə)l/ adj.  □ polyglottic  /-ˈɡlɒtik/ adj.  □ polyglottism  n.   [French polyglotte from Greek poluglōttos (as POLY-, glōtta ‘tongue’)]

polygon /ˈpɒliɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with many (usu. a minimum of three) sides and angles 多边形，多角形(通常最少有 3 条边) □ polygonal  /pəˈliɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin polygonum from Greek polugōnon (neut. adj.) (as POLY- + -gōnos ‘angled’)]

polygon of forces n.  a polygon that represents by the length and direction of its sides all the forces acting on a body or point 力多边形

polygonum /pəˈliɡ(ə)nəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Polygonum, with small bell-shaped flowers and jointed stems Also called 亦称作 KNOTGRASS, KNOTWEED 蓼属植物 [modern Latin from Greek polugonon (as POLY-, gonu ‘knee, joint’, from the plant's swollen joints)]

polygraph /ˈpɒliɡrɑ:f/ n.  a machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological characteristics (e.g. rates of pulse and breathing), used esp. as a lie detector (描记脉搏、呼吸速率的)多种波动描记器(尤常作为测谎器)

polygyny /pəˈlidʒini/ n.  polygamy in which a man has more than one wife 一夫多妻(制) □ polygynous  /pəˈlidʒinəs/ adj.   [POLY- + gyny from Greek gunē ‘woman’]

polyhedron /pɒliˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. polyhedra /-drə/ or polyhedrons)  a solid figure with many (usu. more than six) faces 多面体(通常多于 6 面) □ polyhedral  adj.  □ polyhedric  adj.   [Greek poluedron, neut. of poluedros (as POLY-, hedra ‘base’)]

polyhistor /pɒliˈhistə/ n.  = POLYMATH  [Greek poluistōr ‘very learned’ (as POLY-, histōr ‘wise man’)]

polymath /ˈpɒlimæθ/ n.  a person of much or varied learning; a great scholar 博学之士；大学者 □ polymathic  /pɒliˈmæθik/ adj.  □ polymathy  /pəˈliməθi/ n.   [Greek polumathēs (as POLY-, math- stem of manthanō ‘learn’)]

polymer /ˈpɒlimə/ n.  a compound composed of one or more large molecules that are formed from repeated units of smaller molecules 聚合物 □ polymeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ polymerism  n.  □ polymerize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ polymerization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [German from Greek polumeros ‘having many parts’ (as POLY-, meros ‘share’)]

polymerase /ˈpɒliməreiz, pəˈliməreiz/ n. Biochem.  any enzyme which catalyses the formation of a polymer, esp. of DNA or RNA 【生化】(尤指催化 DNA 或 RNA 的生成的)聚合酶

polymerous /pəˈlim(ə)rəs/ adj. Biol.  having many parts 【生】多部分构成的

polymorphism /pɒliˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  the occurrence of something in several different forms 【生】多型现象，多态性 □ polymorphic  adj.  □ polymorphous  adj.  

Polynesia /ˌpɒliˈni:ziə/ n.  波利尼西亚 [中太平洋的岛群]

Polynesian /pɒliˈni:zj(ə)n, -ʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Polynesia, a group of Pacific islands including New Zealand, Hawaii, Samoa, etc. (包括新西兰、夏威夷、萨摩亚等中太平洋群岛的)波利尼西亚的；与波利尼西亚相关的 ●n.  1  a  a native of Polynesia 波利尼西亚人b  a person of Polynesian descent 波利尼西亚人后裔 2  the Polynesian languages as a group, including Maori, Hawaiian, and Samoan 波利尼西亚语(包括毛利语、夏威夷语及萨摩亚语) [as POLY- + Greek nēsos ‘island’]

polyneuritis /ˌpɒlinjʊəˈraitis/ n. Med.  any disorder that affects many of the peripheral nerves 【医】多神经炎 □ polyneuritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  

polynomial /pɒliˈnəʊmiəl/ n. & adj. Math. 【数】  ●n.  an expression of more than two algebraic terms, esp. the sum of several terms that contain different powers of the same variable(s) 多项式 ●adj.  of or being a polynomial 多项式的 [POLY-, on the pattern of multinomial]

polynya /pə(ʊ)ˈlinjə/ n.  a stretch of open water surrounded by ice, esp. in the Arctic seas 冰间湖(尤指北冰洋海面未结冰处) [Russian, from pole ‘field’]

polyp /ˈpɒlip/ n.  1 Zool.  an individual coelenterate 【动】水螅体 2 Med.  a small usu. benign growth protruding from a mucous membrane 【医】息肉 [French polype (as POLYPUS)]

polypary /ˈpɒlip(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the common stem or support of a colony of polyps 水螅体附着基 [modern Latin polyparium (as POLYPUS)]

polypeptide /pɒliˈpeptaid/ n. Biochem.  a peptide formed by the combination of about ten or more amino acids 【生化】多缩氨酸，多肽 [German Polypeptid (as POLY-, PEPTONE)]

polyphagous /pəˈlifəɡəs/ adj. Zool.  able to feed on various kinds of food 【动】多(杂)食性的

polyphase /ˈpɒlifeiz/ adj. Electr. (of a device or circuit) designed to supply or use simultaneously several alternating currents of the same voltage but with different phases 【电】(仪器或电路)多相的

polyphone /ˈpɒlifəʊn/ n. Philol.  a symbol or letter that represents several different sounds 【语文】多音符号(字母)

polyphonic /pɒliˈfɒnik/ adj.  1 Mus. (of vocal music etc.) in two or more relatively independent parts; contrapuntal 【音】(声乐等)复调(音乐)的 2 Philol. (of a letter etc.) representing more than one sound 【语文】(字母等)多音的 □ polyphonically  adv.   [Greek poluphōnos (as POLY-, phōnē ‘voice, sound’)]

polyphony /pəˈlif(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  polyphonic style in musical composition; counterpoint 复音现象；复调b  a composition written in this style 复调作品 2 Philol.  the symbolization of different vocal sounds by the same letter or character 【语文】一字母(字)多音(现象)；一符号多音(现象) □ polyphonous  adj.  

polyphosphate /pɒliˈfɒsfeit/ n.  any of various complex phosphates, used esp. in detergents or as food additives 多磷酸盐(尤用作清洁剂或食品添加剂)

polyphyletic /ˌpɒlifaiˈletik/ adj. Biol. (of a group of organisms) derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group 【生】多源的

polypi pl.  of POLYPUS  

polyploid /ˈpɒliplɔid/ n. & adj. Biol. 【生】  ●n.  a nucleus or organism that contains more than two sets of chromosomes 多倍(元)体 ●adj.  of or being a polyploid 多倍(元)体的 □ polyploidy  n.   [German (as POLY-, -PLOID)]

polypod /ˈpɒlipɒd/ adj. Zool.  having many feet or footlike appendages 【动】多足的；多足类的 [French polypode (adj.) from Greek (as POLYPUS)]

polypody /ˈpɒlipəʊdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any fern of the genus Polypodium, usu. found in woods growing on trees, walls, and stones 水龙骨属植物(通常指生长在树、墙或石头上的蕨类植物) [Middle English via Latin polypodium from Greek polupodion (as POLYPUS)]

polypoid /ˈpɒlipɔid/ adj.  of or like a polyp (似)息肉状的；螅形的 □ polypous  /-pəs/ adj.  

polypropene /pɒliˈprəʊpi:n/ n.  = POLYPROPYLENE 

polypropylene /pɒliˈprəʊpili:n/ n. Chem.  any of various polymers of propylene including thermoplastic materials used for films, fibres, or moulding materials. Also called POLYPROPENE 【化】聚丙烯

polypus /ˈpɒlipəs/ n. (pl. polypi /-pai/ or polypuses) Med. 【医】  = POLYP 2  [Middle English via Latin from Greek pōlupos, polupous ‘cuttlefish, polyp’ (as POLY-, pous podos ‘foot’)]

polysaccharide /pɒliˈsækəraid/ n.  any carbohydrate whose molecules consist of long chains of monosaccharides 多(聚)糖

polysemy /ˈpɒlisi:mi, pəˈlisimi/ n. Philol.  the existence of many meanings (of a word etc.) 【语文】(词等)多义现象 □ polysemic  /-ˈsi:mik/ adj.  □ polysemous  /-ˈsi:məs/ adj.   [POLY- + Greek sēma ‘sign’]

polystyrene /pɒliˈstairi:n/ n.  a polymer of styrene, esp. a thermoplastic polymer often expanded with a gas to produce a lightweight rigid white substance used for insulation and in packaging 聚苯乙烯

polysyllabic /ˌpɒlisiˈlæbik/ adj.  1 (of a word) having many syllables (词)多音节的 2  characterized by the use of words of many syllables 多音节词的 □ polysyllabically  adv.  

polysyllable /ˈpɒlisiləb(ə)l/ n.  a polysyllabic word 多音节词

polytechnic /pɒliˈteknik/ n. & adj. ●n.  an institution of higher education offering courses in many (esp. vocational) subjects at degree level or below (尤指职业的)理工学院 ●adj.  dealing with or devoted to various vocational or technical subjects 理工学科的；多种工艺的；多种科技的 [French polytechnique from Greek polutekhnos (as POLY-, + tekhnē ‘art’)]■Usage 用法说明 In 1989 British polytechnics gained autonomy from their local education authorities and in 1992 were able to call themselves universities. 1989 年英国的地方教育机构给予理工学院自治权， 1992 年理工学院可称为大学。 

polytetrafluoroethylene /ˌpɒlitetrəflʊərəʊˈeθili:n/ n. Chem.  a tough translucent polymer resistant to chemical action and with a low coefficient of friction, used for seals and bearings, to coat non-stick cooking utensils, etc. (abbr. 缩略 : PTFE) Cf. 参见 TEFLON 【化】聚四氟乙烯 [POLY- + TETRA- + FLUORO- + ETHYLENE]

polytheism /ˈpɒliθi:iz(ə)m/ n.  the belief in or worship of more than one god 多神信仰(崇拜) □ polytheist  n.  □ polytheistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [French polythéisme from Greek polutheos ‘of many gods’ (as POLY-, theos ‘god’)]

polythene /ˈpɒliθi:n/ n. esp. Brit.  a tough light plastic, a thermoplastic polymer of ethylene, usu. translucent and flexible or opaque and rigid, used for packaging and insulating materials. Also called POLYETHYLENE, POLYETHENE [尤英]聚乙烯

polytonality /ˌpɒlitə(ʊ)ˈnæliti/ n. Mus.  the simultaneous use of two or more keys in a composition 【音】多调和声 □ polytonal  /-ˈtəʊn(ə)l/ adj.  

polyunsaturate /ˌpɒliʌnˈsætʃʊreit, -ˈsætjʊreit/ n.  a polyunsaturated fat or fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪；脂肪酸

polyunsaturated /ˌpɒliʌnˈsætʃʊreitid, -ˈsætjʊreitid/ adj. Chem. (of a compound, esp. a fat or oil molecule) containing several double or triple bonds and therefore capable of further reaction 【化】(化合物，尤指脂肪或油微小颗粒)多不饱和的

polyurethane /pɒliˈjʊəriθein/ n.  any polymer containing the urethane group, used in adhesives, paints, plastics, rubbers, foams, etc. 聚氨基甲酸乙酯；聚氨酯

polyvalent /pɒliˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of more than two, or several valencies 【化】多价的 □ polyvalence  n.  

polyvinyl acetate /pɒliˈvainil, -(ə)l/ n. Chem.  a soft plastic polymer used in paints and adhesives (abbr. 缩略 : PVA) 【化】聚醋酸乙烯酯

polyvinyl chloride /pɒliˈvainil, -(ə)l/ n.  a tough transparent solid polymer of vinyl chloride, easily coloured and used for a wide variety of products including pipes, flooring, etc. (abbr. 缩略 : PVC) 聚氯乙烯

polyzoan /pɒliˈzəʊən/ n.  = BRYOZOAN 

Pom /pɒm/ n.  1  a Pomeranian dog 波美拉尼亚狗 2 Austral. & NZ slang offens. [澳新] [俚语] [冒犯]  = POMMY  [abbreviation]

pomace /ˈpʌmis/ n.  1  the mass of crushed apples in cider-making before or after the juice is pressed out (制苹果汁前后的)果渣 2  the refuse of fish etc. after the oil has been extracted, generally used as a fertilizer (鱼等榨油后的)油渣 [Middle English via medieval Latin pomacium ‘cider’ from Latin pomum ‘apple’]

pomade /pəˈmeid, -mɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  scented dressing for the hair and the skin of the head 润发油(脂) ●v. tr.  dress with pomade 搽润发油(脂) [French pommade from Italian pomata via medieval Latin from Latin pomum ‘apple’ (from which it was originally made)]

pomander /pəˈmændə, ˈpɒməndə/ n.  1  a ball of mixed aromatic substances placed in a cupboard etc. or hist. carried in a box, bag, etc. as a supposed protection against infection (放在橱柜等里面的)香丸；[史义] (放在盒、袋等里面以防病的)香丸 2  a (usu. spherical) container for this (常为球状的盛香丸的)香盒 3  a spiced orange etc. similarly used (作相似用途的)香橘 [earlier pom(e)amber via Anglo-French from Old French pome d'embre from medieval Latin pomum de ambra ‘apple of ambergris’]

pomatum /pə(ʊ)ˈmeitəm/ n. & v. tr.  = POMADE  [modern Latin from Latin pomum ‘apple’]

pome /pəʊm/ n.  a firm-fleshed fruit in which the carpels from the central core enclose the seeds, e.g. the apple, pear, and quince 梨果(如苹果、梨、榅桲) □ pomiferous  /pəˈmif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from poma, pl. of Latin pomum ‘fruit, apple’]

pomegranate /ˈpɒmiɡrænit/ n.  1  a  an orange-sized fruit with a tough golden-orange outer skin containing many seeds in a red pulp 石榴b  the tree bearing this fruit, Punica granatum, native to N. Africa and W. Asia 石榴树(产于北美和西亚) 2  an ornamental representation of a pomegranate 石榴状饰物 [Middle English from Old French pome grenate (as POME, Latin granatum ‘having many seeds’ from granum ‘seed’)]

pomelo /ˈpɒmələʊ, ˈpʌm-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = SHADDOCK  2  = GRAPEFRUIT  [19th c.: origin unknown]

Pomeranian /pɒməˈreiniən/ n.  1  a small dog with long silky hair, a pointed muzzle, and pricked ears 波美拉尼亚狗(一种尖嘴、竖耳、毛长而光滑的小狗) 2  this breed 波美拉尼亚狗种 [Pomerania in Germany and Poland]

pomfret /ˈpɒmfrit/ n.  1  any of various fish of the family Stromateidae of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (产于太平洋和印度洋的)银鲳 2  a dark-coloured deep-bodied marine fish, Brama brama, used as food 乌鲂 [apparently from Portuguese pampo]

pomfret-cake /ˈpɒmfrit, ˈpʌm-/ n. (also 亦作 Pontefract-cake /ˈpɒntifrækt/) Brit.  a small round flat liquorice sweet originally made at Pontefract (earlier Pomfret) in Yorkshire [英] (原产于约克郡的)甘草甜饼

pomiculture /ˈpəʊmikʌltʃə/ n.  fruit-growing 果树栽培 [Latin pomum ‘fruit’ + CULTURE]

pommel /ˈpʌm(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a knob, esp. at the end of a sword-hilt (尤指剑柄顶端的)圆头 2  the upward projecting front part of a saddle (马鞍的)前鞍桥 ●v. tr. (pommelled, pommelling; US [美] pommeled, pommeling)  = PUMMEL  [Middle English via Old French pomel from a Romanic diminutive from Latin pomum ‘fruit, apple’]

pommel horse n.  a vaulting horse fitted with a pair of curved handgrips 鞍马

Pommy /ˈpɒmi/ n. (also 亦作 Pommie) (pl. -ies) Austral. & NZ slang offens.  a British person, esp. a recent immigrant [澳新] [俚语] [冒犯]英国人(尤指新移民) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

pomology /pə(ʊ)ˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of fruit-growing 果树栽培学 □ pomological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pomologist  n.   [Latin pomum ‘fruit’ + -LOGY]

pomp /pɒmp/ n.  1  a splendid display; splendour 宏伟壮观的景象；盛况 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  vain glory 浮华，炫耀  the pomps and vanities of this wicked world  这罪恶世界的浮华和虚荣 [Middle English via Old French pompe and Latin pompa from Greek pompē ‘procession, pomp’, from pempō ‘send’]

pompadour /ˈpɒmpədʊə/ n.  a woman's hairstyle with the hair in a high turned-back roll round the face 高卷式(一种女子发型) [named after the Marquise de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV of France, d. 1764]

pompano /ˈpɒmpənəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any of various fish of the family Carangidae or Stromateidae of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, used as food (产于大西洋和太平洋的食用的)鲳鲹 [Spanish pɑˊmpano]

pom-pom /ˈpɒmpɒm/ n.  an automatic quick-firing gun esp. on a ship (尤指战舰上的)高射机关炮 [imitative]

pompon /ˈpɒmpɒn/ n. (also 亦作 pompom)  1  an ornamental ball or bobble made of wool, silk, or ribbons, usu. worn on women's or children's hats or clothing (通常指妇女、儿童衣帽的饰物)绒球，丝球，缎带球 2  the round tuft on a soldier's cap, the front of a shako, etc. (军帽前的)毛球 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a dahlia or chrysanthemum with small tightly-clustered petals 绒球大丽花(菊花) [French, of unknown origin]

pompous /ˈpɒmpəs/ adj.  1  self-important, affectedly grand or solemn 自命不凡的，自负的，爱炫耀的；一本正经的 2 (of language) pretentious; unduly grand in style (语言)矫饰的；浮华的 3 archaic  magnificent; splendid [古义]盛大的；壮观的 □ pomposity  /pɒmˈpɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ pompously  adv.  □ pompousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French pompeux from Late Latin pomposus (as POMP)]

'pon /pɒn/ prep. archaic [古义]  = UPON  [abbreviation]

ponce /pɒns/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  1  a man who lives off a prostitute's earnings; a pimp 靠妓女挣钱养活的男人；拉皮条的人 2 offens.  a homosexual; an effeminate man [冒犯]同性恋者；娘娘腔的男人 ●v. intr.  act as a ponce 做淫媒，拉皮条，依靠妓女生活 □ ponce about   move about effeminately or ineffectually 女里女气地四处招摇；游手好闲□ poncey  adj. (also 亦作 poncy) (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)   [perhaps from POUNCE1]

poncho /ˈpɒn(t)ʃəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a S. American cloak made of a blanket-like piece of cloth with a slit in the middle for the head 南美披风(一种毛毡外套，中间开有领口) 2  a garment in this style 披风式衣服 [Latin American Spanish, from Araucanian (a Chilean language)]

pond /pɒnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fairly small body of still water formed naturally or by hollowing or embanking 池塘 2 (prec. by 前接 the) joc.  the sea, esp. the Atlantic ocean [诙]海洋(尤指大西洋) ●v.  1 tr.  hold back, dam up (a stream etc.) 堵塞，拦截(小溪等) 2 intr.  form a pond 筑成池塘 [Middle English variant of POUND3]

ponder /ˈpɒndə/ v.  1 tr.  weigh mentally; think over; consider 衡量；思索，考虑 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, over)  think; muse 沉思，默想 [Middle English via Old French ponderer from Latin ponderare, from pondus -eris ‘weight’]

ponderable /ˈpɒnd(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. literary  having appreciable weight or significance [文学用语]可衡量的；意味深长的 □ ponderability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Late Latin ponderabilis (as PONDER)]

ponderation /pɒndəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n. literary  the act or an instance of weighing, balancing, or considering [文学用语]掂量，衡量，考虑 [Latin ponderatio (as PONDER)]

ponderosa /pɒndəˈrəʊzə, -sə/ n. US [美]  1  a N. American pine tree, Pinus ponderosa (北美)美国黄松 2  the timber of this tree 美国黄松木 [modern Latin, fem. of Latin ponderosus: see PONDEROUS]

ponderous /ˈpɒnd(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  heavy; unwieldy 笨重的；笨拙的 2  laborious 辛苦费力的 3 (of style etc.) dull; tedious (风格等)沉闷的，冗长乏味的 □ ponderosity  /-ˈrɒsiti/ n.  □ ponderously  adv.  □ ponderousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin ponderosus, from pondus -eris ‘weight’]

pond life n.  animals (esp. invertebrates) that live in ponds 池生动物(尤指无脊椎动物)

pond-skater n.  a predatory heteropterous bug of the family Gerridae, which runs on water supported by the surface tension 黾蝽

pond snail n.  a freshwater snail inhabiting ponds, esp. one of the genus Limnaea 塘螺(尤指椎实螺属的螺)

pondweed /ˈpɒndwi:d/ n.  any of various aquatic plants, esp. of the genus Potamogeton, growing in still or running water 水池草(尤指眼子菜属水生植物)

pone1 /pəʊn/ n. US [美]  1  unleavened maize bread, esp. as made by N. American Indians (尤指北美印第安人制作的)未发酵玉米面包 2  a fine light bread made with milk, eggs, etc. 蛋奶面包 3  a cake or loaf of this 玉米糕；玉米大面包 [Algonquian, = bread]

pone2 /pəʊni/ n.  the dealer's opponent in two-handed card games (双人纸牌戏中的)非发牌人 [Latin, 2nd sing. imperative of ponere ‘place’]

pong /pɒŋ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  an unpleasant smell 难闻的气味 ●v. intr.  stink 发臭 □ pongy  /ˈpɒŋi/ adj. (pongier, pongiest)   [20th c.: origin unknown]

pongal /ˈpɒŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  the Tamil New Year festival at which new rice is cooked 新米粥节(泰米尔人的元旦) 2  a dish of cooked rice 一碟煮熟的米饭 [Tamil poṅkal ‘boiling’]

pongee /pʌnˈdʒi:, pɒn-/ n.  1  a soft usu. unbleached type of Chinese silk fabric (通常为本色的)茧绸 2  an imitation of this in cotton etc. (用棉等仿制的)充茧绸 [Chinese běnjī literally ‘own loom’ or běnzhì literally ‘home-woven’]

pongid /ˈpɒn(d)ʒid/ n. & adj. ●n.  any ape of the family Pongidae, including gorillas, chimpanzees, and orang-utans (猩猩科)类人猿 ●adj.  of or relating to this family 猩猩科的；与猩猩科相关的 [modern Latin Pongidae from the genus name Pongo: see PONGO]

pongo /ˈpɒŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  an orang-utan 猩猩 2 Naut. slang  a soldier 【海】[俚语]士兵 3 Austral. & NZ slang offens.  an Englishman [澳新] [俚语] [冒犯]英国佬 [originally used of African apes: from Congolese mpongo]

poniard /ˈpɒnjəd/ n. literary  a small slim dagger [文学用语]匕首；短剑 [French poignard via Old French poignal and medieval Latin pugnale from Latin pugnus ‘fist’]

pons /pɒnz/ n. (pl. pontes /ˈpɒnti:z/) Anat. (in full 全称 pons Varolii) /vəˈrəʊliai/  the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus 【解】脑桥 [Latin, = bridge: Varolii after C. Varoli, Italian anatomist d. 1575]

pons asinorum /æsiˈnɔ:rəm/ n.  any difficult proposition, originally a rule of geometry from Euclid 难解的命题(源自欧几里得几何原理) [Latin, literally ‘bridge of asses’]

pont /pɒnt/ n. S. Afr.  a flat-bottomed ferry boat [南非]平底渡船 [Dutch]

Pontefract-cake var.  of POMFRET-CAKE  POMFRET-CAKE 的变体

pontes pl.  of PONS  

pontifex /ˈpɒntifeks/ n. (pl. pontifices /pɒnˈtifisi:z/)  1  = PONTIFF  2 Rom. Antiq.  a member of the principal college of priests in Rome [古罗马] (宗教的)大祭司 [Latin pontifex -ficis, from pons pontis ‘bridge’ + -fex from facere ‘make’]

Pontifex Maximus /ˈmæksiməs/ n. (in ancient Rome) the head of the pontifex (古罗马宗教的)大祭司长

pontiff /ˈpɒntif/ n. (in full 全称 sovereign or supreme pontiff) RC Ch.  the Pope 【天主教】教皇 [French pontife (as PONTIFEX)]

pontifical /pɒnˈtifik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 RC Ch.  of or befitting a pontiff; papal 【天主教】教皇的；适于教皇的；教皇职位的 2  pompously dogmatic; with an attitude of infallibility 傲慢武断的；教皇无谬的 ●n. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1  an office-book of the Western Church containing rites to be performed by the Pope or bishops (西派教会的)主教(教皇)仪典 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the vestments and insignia of a bishop, cardinal, or abbot (主教、红衣主教、大寺院住持的)法服、祭服 □ pontifically  adv.   [Middle English from French pontifical or Latin pontificalis (as PONTIFEX)]

pontifical Mass n.  a High Mass, usu. celebrated by a cardinal, bishop, etc. (由红衣主教、主教等主持的)大礼弥撒

pontificate v. & n. ●v. intr. /pɒnˈtifikeit/  1  a  play the pontiff; pretend to be infallible 行使主教(教皇)职责；装作绝对正确的样子b  be pompously dogmatic 摆出一幅傲慢武断的样子 2 RC Ch.  officiate as bishop, esp. at Mass 【天主教】(尤指在大弥撒中)担任主教 ●n. /pɒnˈtifikət/  1  the office of pontifex, bishop, or pope 大祭司(或主教、教皇)的职位 2  the period of this 大祭司(或主教、教皇)的任期 [Latin pontificatus (as PONTIFEX)]

pontifices pl.  of PONTIFEX  

pontoon1 /pɒnˈtu:n/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a card game in which players try to acquire cards with a face value totalling 21 and no more 21 点牌戏 2  = NATURALn. 4a  [probably corruption of vingt-un, obsolete variant of VINGT-ET-UN]

pontoon2 /pɒnˈtu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat-bottomed boat 平底船 2  a  each of several boats, hollow metal cylinders, etc., used to support a temporary bridge (架设临时桥的)浮舟，浮筒b (also 亦作 pontoon bridge)  such a bridge 浮桥 3  = CAISSON 1, 2  ●v. tr.  cross (a river) by means of pontoons 用浮桥渡(河) [French ponton from Latin ponto -onis, from pons pontis ‘bridge’]

pony /ˈpəʊni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a horse of any small breed 矮种马，小型马 2  a small drinking glass 小酒杯 3 (in pl. 用复数) slang  racehorses [俚语]比赛用马 4 Brit. slang  £ 25 [英] [俚语] 25 英镑 [probably from French poulenet, diminutive of poulain ‘foal’]

ponytail /ˈpəʊniteil/ n.  a hairstyle in which the hair is drawn back and tied, causing it to hang down like a pony's tail 马尾辫(一种发型)

pony-trekking n. Brit.  the activity of travelling across country on a pony for pleasure [英]骑马旅行 □ pony-trekker  n.  

poo var.  of POOH  POOH 的变体

pooch /pu:tʃ/ n. colloq.  a dog [口]狗 [20th c.: origin unknown]

poodle /ˈpu:d(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a dog of a breed with a curly coat that is usually clipped 卷毛狗(其毛经常修剪)b  this breed 卷毛狗种 2 Brit.  a lackey or servile follower [英]走狗，奴才 ●v. intr. colloq.  move or travel in a leisurely manner [口]悠闲地走动(游览) [German Pudel (hund) from Low German pud(d)eln ‘splash in water’: cf. PUDDLE]

poof1 /pʊf, pu:f/ n. (also 亦作 pouf, poove /pu:v/) Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  1  an effeminate man 娘娘腔的男人 2  a male homosexual 男同性恋者 □ poofy  /ˈpʊfi/ adj.   [19th c.: cf. PUFF in sense ‘braggart’]

poof2 /pʊf/ int.  expressing contemptuous rejection or announcing a sudden disappearance (表示轻蔑拒绝)呸，啐；(表示突然消失)噗 [imitative]

poofter /ˈpʊftə, ˈpu:-/ n. Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  = POOF1  [extension of POOF1]

pooh /pu:/ int. & n. (also 亦作 poo) ●int.  1  expressing impatience or contempt (表示不耐烦、轻蔑)呸，啐 2  expressing disgust at a bad smell (对难闻气味表示厌恶)哼，呸 ●n. slang (a child's word for) excrement [俚语] (儿语)粪便 [imitative]

Pooh-Bah /pu:ˈbɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 pooh-bah)  1  a holder of many offices at once 身兼数职的人 2  a pompous self-important person 自命不凡的人 [a character in W. S. Gilbert's The Mikado (1885)]

pooh-pooh /ˈpu:pu:, pu:ˈpu:/ v. tr.  express contempt for; ridicule; dismiss (an idea etc.) scornfully 蔑视；嘲笑；(对某想法等)一笑置之 [reduplication of POOH]

pooja var.  of PUJA  PUJA 的变体

pooka /ˈpu:kə/ n. Ir.  a hobgoblin [爱尔兰]鬼怪 [Irish púca]

pool1 /pu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small body of still water, usu. of natural formation (常为天然形成的)水池；水塘 2  a small shallow body of any liquid (液体的)一摊 3  = SWIMMING POOL  4  a deep place in a river 河流的深水处 ●v. intr.  1 (of water etc.) form a pool (水等)形成池塘(或水洼) 2 (of blood) accumulate in parts of the venous system (血)淤积 [Old English pōl, from West Germanic]

pool2 /pu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often 常作 attrib.)  a common supply of persons, vehicles, commodities, etc. for sharing by a group of people 共用人员；共用物(如车辆、商品等)  a typing pool  联合打字组 a pool car  公用汽车b  a group of persons sharing duties etc. (共担责任等的)一群人 2  a  the collective amount of players' stakes in gambling etc. (赌博等的)赌注总额b  a receptacle for this (装赌注的)容器 3  a  a joint commercial venture, esp. an arrangement between competing parties to fix prices and share business to eliminate competition 商业联营(尤指竞争对手之间为避免竞争而约定价格，共同经营的安排)b  the common funding for this 联营所需的共同资金 4  a N. Amer.  a game on a billiard table with usu. 16 balls [北美] (16 球的)落袋台球戏b Brit.  a game on a billiard table in which each player has a ball of a different colour with which he or she tries to pocket the others in fixed order, the winner taking all of the stakes [英]赌注式台球(胜者获一局的全部赌注) 5  a group of contestants who compete against each other in a tournament for the right to advance to the next round (为进入下一轮的)一群竞争者 ●v. tr.  1  put (resources etc.) into a common fund 把(资源等)投入共同基金 2  share (things) in common 共用(东西) 3 (of transport organizations etc.) share (traffic, receipts) (运输机构等)联合(经营)，联合(运输)，共享(收益) 4 Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  a  involve (a person) in a scheme etc., often by deception 使(某人)陷入(阴谋等)b  implicate, inform on 牵涉；告发 □ the pools  Brit. [英]  = FOOTBALL POOL  [originally = a game of cards in which there is a pool (sense 2 a): French poule ‘stake, kitty’: associated with POOL1]

pool hall n.  a hall for playing pool 台球房

pool room n. US [美]  1  a betting shop 售赌注处 2  a place for playing pool 台球房

poolside /ˈpu:lsaid/ n.  the side of a swimming pool 游泳池边 often 常作 attrib.: poolside bar  游泳池边的酒吧

poon /pu:n/ n.  any large Indo-Malayan evergreen tree of the genus Calophyllum 红厚壳属植物；胡桐(常青，产自印度—马来西亚一带) [Sinhalese pūna]

poon oil n.  an oil from the seeds of the poon tree, used in medicine and for lamps 胡桐油(可药用或用于油灯)

poop1 /pu:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the stern of a ship 船尾 2 (also 亦作 poop deck)  the aftermost and highest deck of a ship 船尾楼(甲板) ●v. tr.  1 (of a wave) break over the stern of (a ship) (浪)冲打(船)尾 2 (of a ship) receive (a wave) over the stern (船)在尾部受(浪)冲打 [Middle English from Old French pupe, pope, ultimately from Latin puppis]

poop2 /pu:p/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 pooped adj.) US colloq.  exhaust; tire out [美口]使筋疲力尽，使疲劳 [20th c.: origin unknown]

poop3 /pu:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short blast made in a hollow tube; a toot 砰声；啪声 2 slang  an act of breaking wind or defecating [俚语]放屁(声)；大便 ●v. intr. slang  break wind; defecate [俚语]放屁；拉屎 [imitative]

poop4 /pu:p/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  up-to-date or inside information [尤北美] [俚语]最新消息；内部消息 [20th c.: origin unknown]

poop5 /pu:p/ n. colloq.  a stupid or ineffectual person [口]蠢货；傻子 [perhaps abbreviation of NINCOMPOOP]

pooper scooper /ˈpu:pə/ n. (also 亦作 poop scoop) colloq.  an implement for clearing up (esp. dog) excrement [口] (尤指用于铲除狗粪的)粪铲 [POOP3]

poor /pʊə/ adj.  1  lacking adequate money or means to live comfortably 贫穷的；贫困的 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  deficient in (a possession or quality) (财物、品质)缺乏的；贫乏的  the poor in spirit  精神萎靡不振 3  a  scanty, inadequate 缺少的；不足的  a poor crop  歉收b  less good than is usual or expected (与一般的或期望的情况相比)不好的，不足的  poor visibility  能见度差 a poor driver  蹩脚司机 in poor health  健康欠佳c  paltry; inferior 微不足道的；劣质的  poor condition  不良的条件 came a poor third  仅得了个第 3 名 4  a  deserving pity or sympathy; unfortunate 可怜的，不幸的  you poor thing  你这个可怜虫b  with reference to a dead person 已故的  as my poor father used to say  正如先父常说的 5  spiritless; despicable 没精打采的；可鄙的  a poor creature  卑鄙的东西 6 often iron. or joc.  humble; insignificant [常讽] [诙]谦卑的；地位低下的  in my poor opinion  依鄙人之见 □ poor man's   an inferior or cheaper substitute for 降而求其次的□ take a poor view of   regard with disfavour or pessimism 对…持不赞成(悲观)的态度 [Middle English & Old French pov(e)re, poure from Latin pauper]

poor box n.  a collection box, esp. in church, for the relief of the poor (教堂里)济贫募捐箱，慈善箱

poorhouse /ˈpʊəhaʊs/ n. hist. [史义]  = WORKHOUSE 1 

poor law n. hist.  a law relating to the support of paupers [史义]济贫法

poorly /ˈpʊəli/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  scantily; defectively 贫穷地；贫乏地 2  with no great success 没有大成就 3  meanly; contemptibly 卑劣地；可鄙地 ●predic. adj. esp. Brit.  unwell [尤英]健康不佳的

poor man's weather-glass n.  the pimpernel 海绿 [from its closing its flowers before rain]

poorness /ˈpʊənis/ n.  1  defectiveness 有缺陷 2  the lack of some good quality or constituent 粗劣；硗瘠；贫乏

poor rate n. hist.  a rate or assessment for relief or support of the poor [史义]济贫税

poor relation n.  an inferior or subordinate member of a family or any other group 家庭(或其他群体)中地位低下(或从属)的成员

poor-spirited adj.  timid; cowardly 胆小的，懦怯的

poor white n. esp. US offens.  a member of a group of white people regarded as socially inferior [尤美] [冒犯]贫苦白人

pootle /ˈpu:t(ə)l/ v. intr. colloq. [口]  = POODLEv.  [blend of POODLE v. and TOOTLE v.]

poove var.  of POOF1  POOF1 的变体

POP abbr. Brit.  Post Office Preferred (size of envelopes etc.) [缩略] [英] (信封大小等)邮局推荐的

pop1 /pɒp/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a sudden sharp explosive sound as of a cork when drawn (像拔软木塞时发出的)砰的响声 2 colloq.  an effervescent sweet drink [口]含气甜饮料 ●v. (popped, popping)  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a pop 发出砰的响声；使发出砰的响声 2 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, up, down, etc.)  go, move, come, or put unexpectedly or in a quick or hasty manner 不意来到(走开)；突然行动(放下)  pop out to the shops  突然到商店去 pop in for a visit  顺便拜访 pop it on your head  拍打你的头 3  a intr. & tr.  burst, making a popping sound (使)砰的一声爆裂b tr.  heat (popcorn etc.) until it pops 爆(玉米等) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) colloq.  fire a gun (at birds etc.) [口]开枪，射击(鸟等) 5 tr. Brit. slang  pawn [英] [俚语]典当 6 tr. slang  take or inject (a drug etc.) [俚语]服用(或注射) (药剂等) 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a cricket ball) rise sharply off the pitch (板球)小腾飞 ●adv.  with the sound of a pop 砰的一声地  heard it go pop  听见砰的一声响 □ in pop  Brit. slang  in pawn [英] [俚语] (东西)在当铺里□ pop off  colloq. [口]  1  die 死去 2  quietly slip away (cf. sense 2 of v. 参见动词释义 2) 悄悄地溜掉□ pop the question  colloq.  propose marriage [口]求婚 [Middle English: imitative]

pop2 /pɒp/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  in a popular or modern style 流行的；时髦的 2  of, performing, or relating to pop music (演唱)流行歌曲的；与流行音乐有关的  pop concert  流行音乐会 pop group  流行音乐乐队 ●n.  1 (in full 全称 pop music)  commercial popular music, esp. that since the 1950s 流行音乐 2  a pop record or song 流行音乐唱片；流行歌曲  top of the pops  流行歌曲排行榜榜首 [abbreviation]

pop3 /pɒp/ n. esp. US colloq.  father [尤美口]爸爸 [abbreviation of POPPA]

pop. abbr. [缩略]  population 

popadom (also 亦作 popadam) var.  of POPPADOM POPPADOM 的变体

pop art n.  art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, esp. as a critical comment on traditional fine art values (以大众文化和大众传媒为基础发展而成的)通俗艺术

popcorn /ˈpɒpkɔ:n/ n.  1  maize which bursts open when heated 爆玉米花 2  these kernels when popped 爆米花

pop culture n.  commercial culture based on popular taste 通俗(大众)文化

pope1 /pəʊp/ n.  1 (as title usu. 作称号时通常为 Pope)  the Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church (天主教)教皇，罗马主教 2  the head of the Coptic Church, the patriarch of Alexandria 牧首；教父 3  = RUFF2 1  □ popedom  n.  □ popeless  adj.   [Old English via ecclesiastical Latin pɑˉpa ‘bishop, pope’ from ecclesiastical Greek papas = Greek pappas ‘father’: cf. PAPA]

pope2 /pəʊp/ n.  a parish priest of the Orthodox Church in Russia etc. (俄国等东正教会的)教区牧师 [Russian pop via Old Church Slavonic popuˇ and West Germanic from ecclesiastical Greek (as POPE1)]

Popemobile /ˈpəʊpməbi:l/ n.  a bulletproof vehicle with a raised viewing area, used by the Pope on official visits 教皇专车(教皇出访时乘坐的防弹专车)

popery /ˈpəʊp(ə)ri/ n. derog. [贬]  1  the papal system 天主教皇制度 2  a  the Roman Catholic Church 天主教会b  the doctrines and ceremonies associated with Roman Catholicism 天主教教义和礼仪

pope's eye n.  1  a lymphatic gland surrounded with fat in the middle of a sheep's leg (羊)腿部的淋巴腺 2 Sc.  a cut of steak [苏格兰]一(方)块牛排

pop-eyed /pɒpˈaid/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  having bulging eyes 眼睛凸出的 2  wide-eyed (with surprise etc.) (因惊讶等)睁大眼睛的

pop festival n.  a festival at which popular music etc. is performed 流行音乐节

popgun /ˈpɒpɡʌn/ n.  1  a child's toy gun which shoots a pellet etc. by the compression of air with a piston 儿童玩具气枪 2 derog.  an inefficient firearm [贬]蹩脚的枪枝

popinjay /ˈpɒpindʒei/ n.  1  a fop, a conceited person, a coxcomb 纨绔子弟，虚夸自负的人，花花公子 2  a archaic  a parrot [古义]鹦鹉b hist.  a figure of a parrot on a pole as a mark to shoot at [史义] (杆上的)木制鹦鹉靶 [Middle English from Anglo-French papeiaye, Old French papingay etc. via Spanish papagayo from Arabic babaɡ̇ɑˉ: assimilated to JAY]

popish /ˈpəʊpiʃ/ adj. derog.  Roman Catholic [贬]天主教的 □ popishly  adv.  

poplar /ˈpɒplə/ n.  1  any tree of the genus Populus, typically tall and fast growing 杨树 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = TULIP TREE  [Middle English via Anglo-French popler, Old French poplier, from pople, from Latin populus]

poplin /ˈpɒplin/ n.  a plain-woven fabric usu. of cotton, with a corded surface 毛葛，府绸 [obsolete French papeline, perhaps from Italian papalina (fem.) PAPAL, from the papal town Avignon where it was made]

popliteal /pɒˈplitiəl, pɒpliˈti:əl/ adj.  of the hollow at the back of the knee 腘的，膝后弯的 [modern Latin popliteus from Latin poples -itis ‘this hollow’]

pop music  see 见 POP2 n. 1 

poppa /ˈpɒpə/ n. US colloq.  father (esp. as a child's word) [美口]爸爸(尤指儿语) [variant of PAPA]

poppadom /ˈpɒpədəm/ n. (also 亦作 poppadam, popadom, popadam) (in Indian cookery) a thin, crisp, spiced bread eaten with curry etc. (印度烹饪) (食用时涂有咖喱等的)薄脆面包片 [Tamil pappadam]

popper /ˈpɒpə/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a press stud [英口]子母扣，摁扣 2  a person or thing that pops 发出砰然响声的人(物) 3 colloq.  a small vial of amyl nitrite used for inhalation [口]一安瓿(指吸毒者一次吸用的亚硝酸戊酯剂量)

poppet /ˈpɒpit/ n.  1 Brit. colloq. (esp. as a term of endearment) a small or dainty person [英口] (尤指表示亲爱的称呼)宝宝，宝贝 2  the head of a lathe (车床的)随转尾座 3  a small square piece of wood fitted inside the gunwale or washstrake of a boat 船舷桨叉；垫(支)架 [Middle English popet(te), ultimately from Latin pup(p)a: cf. PUPPET]

poppet-head n. Brit.  the frame at the top of a mine shaft, supporting pulleys for the ropes used in hoisting [英]滑轮架

poppet-valve n. Engin.  a mushroom-shaped valve, lifted bodily from its seat rather than hinged 【工程】蕈形阀，提升阀

popping crease /ˈpɒpiŋ/ n. Cricket  a line four feet in front of and parallel to the wicket, within which the batsman must keep the bat or one foot grounded to avoid the risk of being stumped 【板球】(限制击球队员的)限制线，投球线 [POP1, perhaps in obsolete sense ‘strike’]

popple /ˈpɒp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of water) tumble about, toss to and fro (水)翻滚；沸腾 ●n.  the act or an instance of rolling, tossing, or rippling of water (水的)翻滚；翻腾；荡漾 □ popply  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch popelen ‘murmur, quiver’, of imitative origin]

poppy1 /ˈpɒpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any plant of the genus Papaver, with showy flowers, milky sap and rounded seed-capsules, esp. the red-flowered corn poppy, P. rhoeas, and the opium poppy 罂粟属植物，罂粟(尤指开红花的虞美人) □ poppied  adj.   [Old English popig, papœg, etc. via medieval Latin papauum from Latin papaver]

poppy2 /ˈpɒpi/ adj. (of music, a group, etc.) having a sound characteristic of pop music (音乐、乐队等)有流行音乐特色的 [POP2 n. + -Y1]

poppycock /ˈpɒpikɒk/ n. slang  nonsense [俚语]废话 [Dutch dialect pappekak, from pap ‘soft’ + kak ‘dung’]

Poppy Day n. Brit. [英]  = REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY 

poppy-head n.  1  the seed capsule of the poppy 罂粟蒴果 2  an ornamental top on the end of a church pew (教堂长凳靠背两侧上端的)罂粟花饰

pop-shop n. Brit. slang  a pawnbroker's shop [英] [俚语]典当铺

Popsicle /ˈpɒpsik(ə)l/ n. esp. N. Amer. propr.  an ice lolly [尤北美] [商标]冰棒，冰棍 [fanciful name]

popsy /ˈpɒpsi/ n. (also 亦作 popsie) (pl. -ies) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] (usu. as a term of endearment 通常作表示亲爱的称呼)  a young woman 小美人儿 [shortening of POPPET]

populace /ˈpɒpjʊləs/ n.  1  the common people 平民百姓 2 derog.  the rabble [贬]群氓 [French from Italian popolaccio, from popolo ‘people’ + pejorative suffix -accio]

popular /ˈpɒpjʊlə/ adj.  1  liked or admired by many people or by a specified group 受大众(或某一特定群体)喜爱(赞赏)的  popular teachers  广受欢迎的教师 a popular hero  众望所归的英雄 2  a  of or carried on by the general public 民众的，大众的，(民间)流传(行)的  popular meetings  群众大会b  prevalent among the general public 大众化的  popular discontent  普遍不满意 3  adapted to the understanding, taste, or means of the people 适应于大众认识(口味、方法)的  popular science  通俗科学 popular medicine  大众医学 □ popularism  n.  □ popularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ popularly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French populer, Old French populeir or Latin popularis, from populus ‘people’]

popular front n.  a party or coalition representing left-wing elements (代表左翼分子的)人民阵线

popularize /ˈpɒpjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make popular 使大众化，推广 2  cause (a person, principle, etc.) to be generally known or liked 使(人、原理等)广为人知(广受欢迎) 3  present (a technical subject, specialized vocabulary, etc.) in a popular or readily understandable form 使(科技学科、专门词汇等)通俗化(易懂) □ popularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ popularizer  n.  

popular music n.  music appealing to a wide public 流行音乐

populate /ˈpɒpjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  inhabit; form the population of (a town, country, etc.) 居住于…；构成(城镇、国家等)的人口 2  supply with inhabitants; people 向…移民，殖民于  a densely populated district  人口稠密地区 [medieval Latin populare populat- (as PEOPLE)]

population /pɒpjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the inhabitants of a place, country, etc. referred to collectively (地方、国家等的)全体人民b  any specified group within this (全体人民中的)特定人群  the Irish population of Liverpool  利物浦的爱尔兰人 2  the total number of any of these 总数  a population of eight million  800 万人口 the seal population  海豹总数 3  the act or process of supplying with inhabitants 移民，移入居民  the population of forest areas  林区的移民 4 Statistics  any finite or infinite collection of items under consideration 【统计学】母体，总体(所有限定或非限定的项目) [Late Latin populatio (as PEOPLE)]

population explosion n.  a sudden large increase of population 人口爆炸，人口骤增

populist /ˈpɒpjʊlist/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member or adherent of a political party seeking support mainly from the ordinary people 平民党党员 2  a person who holds, or who is concerned with, the views of ordinary people 平民主义者 ●adj.  of or relating to a populist or populist ideology 平民主义的；平民思想的；与平民主义(思想)有关的 □ populism  n.  □ populistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [Latin populus ‘people’]

populous /ˈpɒpjʊləs/ adj.  thickly inhabited 人口稠密的 □ populously  adv.  □ populousness  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin populosus (as PEOPLE)]

pop-up attrib. adj.  1 (of a toaster etc.) operating so as to move the object (toast when ready etc.) quickly upwards (烤面包机等)能弹起物体(待烤面包片等)的 2 (of a book, greetings card, etc.) containing three-dimensional figures, illustrations, etc., that rise up when the page is turned (书、贺卡等)有跳起立体画片(图片)的 3 Computing (of a menu) able to be superimposed on the screen being worked on and suppressed rapidly 【计算】(功能单)在荧屏上能迅速叠加显示的

porbeagle /ˈpɔ:bi:ɡ(ə)l/ n.  a large shark, Lamna nasus, having a pointed snout 鼠鲨 [18th-c. Cornish dialect, perhaps from porth ‘harbour, cove’ + bugel ‘shepherd’]

porcelain /ˈpɔ:s(ə)lin/ n.  1  a hard vitrified translucent ceramic 瓷 2  objects made of this 瓷器 □ porcellaneous  /pɔ:siˈleiniəs/ adj.  □ porcellanous  /pɔ:ˈselənəs/ adj.   [French porcelaine, from Italian porcellana ‘cowrie shell’, hence ‘chinaware’]

porcelain clay n.  kaolin 高岭土，瓷土

porch /pɔ:tʃ/ n.  1  a covered shelter for the entrance of a building (有顶的)入口处，门廊 2 N. Amer.  a veranda [北美]走廊；阳台 3 (the Porch) Philos. 【哲】  = STOA 2  □ porched  adj.  □ porchless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French porche from Latin porticus (translation of Greek stoa) from porta ‘passage’]

porcine /ˈpɔ:sain/ adj.  of or like pigs (似)猪的 [French porcin or from Latin porcinus from porcus ‘pig’]

porcupine /ˈpɔ:kjʊpain/ n.  1  any rodent of the family Hystricidae native to Africa, Asia, and SE Europe, or the family Erethizontidae native to America, having defensive spines or quills 豪猪科动物；豪猪；箭猪 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting any of various animals or other organisms with spines 带刺毛的动物(或其他有机体) [Middle English via Old French porc espin from Provençal porcespi(n), ultimately from Latin porcus ‘pig’ + spina ‘thorn’]

porcupine fish n.  a marine fish, Diodon hystrix, covered with sharp spines and often distending itself into a spherical shape (密斑)刺鲀

pore1 /pɔ:/ n. esp. Biol.  a minute opening in a surface through which gases, liquids, or fine solids may pass 【生】(尤指表面的)毛孔；细孔；气孔 [Middle English from Old French via Latin porus from Greek poros ‘passage, pore’]

pore2 /pɔ:/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  1  be absorbed in studying (a book etc.) 专心阅读，钻研(书籍等) 2  meditate on, think intently about (a subject) 默想；审视(问题) [Middle English, perhaps related to PEER1]

porgy /ˈpɔ:ɡi/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer.  any of various sparid fishes used as food, chiefly of W. Atlantic coastal waters, esp. one of the genus Calamus [北美] (尤指大西洋西海岸水域的)鲷科鱼；真鲷 [Spanish & Portuguese pargo]

poriferan /pəˈrif(ə)rən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any aquatic invertebrate of the phylum Porifera, which comprises the sponges (包括海绵的)多孔动物 ●adj.  of or relating to this phylum 多孔动物的；与多孔动物有关的 [modern Latin Porifera, from Latin porus PORE1 + -fer ‘bearing’]

pork /pɔ:k/ n.  1  the (esp. unsalted) flesh of a pig, used as food (尤指未腌过的)猪肉 2 US slang [美] [俚语]  = PORK BARREL  [Middle English porc via Old French from Latin porcus ‘pig’]

pork barrel n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  a source of government funds for projects designed to win votes (用于争取选票项目的)政府拨款  disapproved of pork-barrel funding  否决为政府拨款提供资金 2  the funds themselves 政府基金 □ pork-barrelling  n.  

pork butcher n.  a person who slaughters pigs for sale, or who sells pork rather than other meats 杀猪屠夫；猪肉商

porker /ˈpɔ:kə/ n.  1  a pig raised for food 食用猪 2  a young fattened pig 小肥猪

porkling /ˈpɔ:kliŋ/ n.  a young or small pig 小猪

pork pie n.  a pie of minced pork etc. eaten cold (猪等)肉末馅饼(冷食)

pork-pie hat n.  a hat with a flat crown and a brim turned up all round 卷边儿平顶帽

pork scratchings  see 见 SCRATCHINGS 

porky1 /ˈpɔ:ki/ adj. & n. ●adj. (porkier, porkiest)  1 colloq.  fleshy, fat [口]多肉的，肥胖的 2  of or like pork (似)猪肉的 ●n. (pl. porkies) (also 亦作 porky-pie) Brit. rhyming slang  a lie [英] [同韵俚语]谎话

porky2 /ˈpɔ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies) US colloq.  a porcupine [美口]豪猪 [abbreviation]

porn /pɔ:n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 porno /ˈpɔ:nəʊ/) colloq. [口] ●n.  pornography 色情(或淫秽)作品 ●attrib. adj.  pornographic 色情的 [abbreviation]

pornography /pɔ:ˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the explicit description or exhibition of sexual activity in literature, films, etc., intended to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings 色情描写 2  literature etc. characterized by this 色情作品 □ pornographer  n.  □ pornographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ pornographically  /-nəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek pornographos ‘writing of harlots’, from pornē ‘prostitute’ + graphō ‘write’]

porous /ˈpɔ:rəs/ adj.  1  full of pores 多孔的 2  letting through air, water, etc. 透风(渗水等)的 3 (of an argument, security system, etc.) leaky, admitting infiltration (论点、安全体系等)有漏洞的，松懈的 □ porosity  /pɔ:ˈrɒsiti/ n.  □ porously  adv.  □ porousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French poreux and medieval Latin porosus from Latin porus PORE1]

porphyria /pɔ:ˈfiriə/ n.  any of a group of genetic disorders involving abnormal metabolism of porphyrin pigments and their excretion in the urine 卟啉症(一种遗传性代谢病) [from PORPHYRIN + -IA1]

porphyrin /ˈpɔ:firin/ n. Biochem.  any of a class of pigments whose molecules contain a flat ring of four linked heterocyclic rings, occurring widely in nature esp. as derivatives containing metal atoms, e.g. haem and chlorophyll 【生化】卟啉 [Greek porphura ‘purple’ + -IN]

porphyry /ˈpɔ:firi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hard rock quarried in ancient Egypt, composed of crystals of white or red feldspar in a red matrix (古埃及)一种硬质岩石 2 Geol.  an igneous rock with large crystals scattered in a matrix of much smaller crystals 【地质】斑岩 □ porphyritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Middle English, ultimately via medieval Latin porphyreum from Greek porphuritēs, from porphura ‘purple’]

porpoise /ˈpɔ:pəs, -pɔis/ n.  any of various small toothed whales of the family Phocaenidae, esp. of the genus Phocaena, with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout (鼠海豚属的)鼠海豚 [Middle English porpays etc. from Old French po(u)rpois etc., ultimately from Latin porcus ‘pig’ + piscis ‘fish’]

porridge /ˈpɒridʒ/ n.  1  a dish consisting of oatmeal or another meal or cereal boiled in water or milk 燕麦粥；(谷类加水或奶煮成的)粥 2 Brit. slang  imprisonment [英] [俚语]监禁，关押 □ porridgy  adj.   [16th c.: alteration of POTTAGE]

porringer /ˈpɒrin(d)ʒə/ n.  a small bowl, often with a handle, for soup, stew, etc. (有柄的盛粥或汤的)小汤碗 [earlier pottinger from Old French potager, from potage (see POTTAGE): -n- as in messenger etc.]

port1 /pɔ:t/ n.  1  a harbour 港口 2  a place of refuge 避难场所 3  a town or place possessing a harbour where ships load or unload, esp. one where customs officers are stationed 港口城市，口岸(尤指驻有海关的城市) [Old English from Latin portus, readopted in Middle English from Old French]

port2 /pɔ:t/ n. (in full 全称 port wine)  a strong, sweet, dark red (occasionally brown or white) fortified wine of Portugal 波尔图红葡萄酒(偶有褐色或白色的酒) [shortened form of Oporto, city in Portugal from which port is shipped]

port3 /pɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  the left-hand side (looking forward) of a ship, boat, or aircraft (cf. 参见 STARBOARD) (舰、船、飞机的)左舷 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  turn (the helm) to port 转(舵)向左 [probably originally the side turned towards PORT1]

port4 /pɔ:t/ n.  1  a  an opening in the side of a ship for entrance, loading, etc. (船上的)舱门，上货口b  a porthole 舷窗 2  an aperture for the passage of steam, water, etc. (蒸气、水等通过的)通道；汽门；风门 3 Electr.  a socket or aperture in an electronic circuit, esp. in a computer network, where connections can be made with peripheral equipment or disks etc. inserted 【电】端口 4  an aperture in a wall etc. for a gun to be fired through (墙等上面的)枪眼，射击孔 5 esp. Sc.  a gate or gateway, esp. of a walled town [尤苏格兰]城门 [Middle English & Old French porte from Latin porta]

port5 /pɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr. Mil.  carry (a rifle, or other weapon) diagonally across and close to the body with the barrel etc. near the left shoulder (esp. port arms! (尤指命令士兵)端枪 !) 【军】斜持枪(其他武器) ●n.  1 Mil.  this position 【军】斜持枪姿势 2 esp. literary  a person's carriage or bearing [尤文学用语] (某人的)举止；风度 [Middle English from Old French port, ultimately from Latin portare ‘carry’]

port6 /pɔ:t/ n. Austral. colloq. [澳口]  1  a suitcase or travelling bag 行李箱；旅行包 2  a bag of a specified kind, e.g. a shopping bag etc. 特殊用途包(如购物包等) [abbreviation of PORTMANTEAU]

port7 /pɔ:t/ v. tr. Computing  transfer (software) from one system to another 【计算】把(软件)从一种程序转换到另一种程序 [probably from PORT5, influenced by PORT4 n. 3]

portable /ˈpɔ:təb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  easily movable, convenient for carrying 可移动的；便携式的  portable TV  手提式电视机 portable computer  便携式计算机 2 (of a right, privilege, etc.) capable of being transferred or adapted in altered circumstances (权利、特权等)可转移的；可随带的  portable pension  可随带的养老金 ●n.  a portable object, e.g. a radio, typewriter, etc. 手提式物品(如无线电、打字机等)  decided to buy a portable  决定买一台手提的 □ portability  /pɔ:təˈbiliti/ n.  □ portableness  n.  □ portably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French portable or Late Latin portabilis from Latin portare ‘carry’]

portage /ˈpɔ:tidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the carrying of boats or goods between two navigable waters (两条水路间小船、货物的)陆上搬运，陆上运输 2  a place at which this is necessary 水陆联运地 3  a  the act or an instance of carrying or transporting 水陆运输b  the cost of this 水陆运费 ●v. tr.  convey (a boat or goods) between navigable waters (两条水路间)把(小船、货物)转到陆上运输 [Middle English from Old French, from porter: see PORT5]

Portakabin /ˈpɔ:təkæbin/ n. Brit. propr.  a portable room or building designed for quick assembly [英] [商标]活动房屋 [PORTABLE + CABIN]

portal1 /ˈpɔ:t(ə)l/ n.  a doorway or gate etc., esp. a large and elaborate one (尤指大而精美的)门，入口 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin portale (neut. adj.): see PORTAL2]

portal2 /ˈpɔ:t(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the transverse fissure of the liver, through which pass blood vessels etc. (肝)门静脉的，与门静脉有关的 [modern Latin portalis from Latin porta ‘gate’]

portal vein n.  a vein conveying blood to the liver from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestines 门静脉

portamento /pɔ:təˈmentəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or portamenti /-ti/) Mus. 【音】  1  the act or an instance of gliding from one note to another in singing, playing the violin, etc. (演唱或小提琴等的演奏时的)滑音 2  piano playing in a manner intermediate between legato and staccato 钢琴的延音 [Italian, = carrying]

portative /ˈpɔ:tətiv/ adj.  1  serving to carry or support 可搬运的；用作支撑的 2 Mus. hist. (esp. of a small pipe organ) portable 【音】[史义] (尤指管风琴)便携式的 [Middle English from Old French portatif, apparently alteration of portatil, via medieval Latin portatilis from Latin portare ‘carry’]

portcullis /pɔ:tˈkʌlis/ n.  1  a strong heavy grating sliding up and down in vertical grooves, lowered to block a gateway in a fortress etc. (城堡等的)吊闸门 2 (Portcullis) Heraldry  one of the four pursuivants of the English College of Arms, with this as a badge 【纹章学】(以吊闸门图案为校徽的)英国纹章学院的助理官员 □ portcullised  adj.   [Middle English from Old French porte coleïce ‘sliding door’, from porte ‘door’ (from Latin porta) + col(e)ïce, fem. of couleïs ‘sliding’, ultimately from Latin colare ‘filter’]

Porte /pɔ:t/ n. (in full 全称 the Sublime or Ottoman Porte) hist.  the Ottoman court at Constantinople [史义] (位于君士坦丁堡的)土耳其政府 [French (la Sublime Porte = the exalted gate), translation of Turkish title of the central office of the Ottoman government]

porte cochère /pɔ:t kəʊˈʃɛə, kɒ-/ n.  1  a porch large enough for vehicles to pass through, usu. into a courtyard (常指通往庭院的)车辆出入门廊 2 US  a roofed structure extending from the entrance of a building over a place where vehicles stop to discharge passengers [美] (大门前有顶棚的)上下车停车处 [French, from porte PORT4 + cochère (fem. adj.) from coche COACH]

portend /pɔ:ˈtend/ v. tr.  1  foreshadow as an omen 预兆 2  give warning of 给于…的警告；预示 [Middle English from Latin portendere portent-, from por- PRO-1 + tendere ‘stretch’]

portent /ˈpɔ:tent, -t(ə)nt/ n.  1  an omen, a sign of something to come, esp. something momentous or calamitous 征兆(尤指不祥之兆) 2  a prodigy; a marvellous thing 奇才；奇物 [Latin portentum (as PORTEND)]

portentous /pɔ:ˈtentəs/ adj.  1  like or serving as a portent 凶兆的；征兆不祥的 2  pompously solemn 装腔作势的；自命不凡的 □ portentously  adv.  □ portentousness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 The spelling portentious (due to the influence of pretentious) is wrong. (由于受 pretentious 的影响)拼写成 portentious 是错误的。 

porter1 /ˈpɔ:tə/ n.  1  a  a person employed to carry luggage etc., esp. a railway, airport, or hotel employee (尤指铁路、机场、旅店所雇用的)搬运工b  a hospital employee who moves equipment, trolleys, etc. (医院里搬运器械、担架车等的)护工，勤杂工 2  a dark brown bitter beer brewed from charred or browned malt (apparently originally made esp. for porters) 黑啤酒(显然最初尤为搬运工而酿制) 3 US  a sleeping car attendant [美] (火车卧铺车厢的)列车员 □ porterage  n.   [Middle English via Old French port(e)our from medieval Latin portator -oris, from portare ‘carry’]

porter2 /ˈpɔ:tə/ n. Brit.  a gatekeeper or doorkeeper, esp. of a large building [英] (尤指大建筑物的)门卫，门房 [Middle English & Anglo-French, Old French portier from Late Latin portarius, from porta ‘door’]

porterage /ˈpɔ:t(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  the work of carrying luggage etc. 搬运(行李等)工作 2  a charge for this 搬运费 [PORTER1 + -AGE]

porterhouse /ˈpɔ:təhaʊs/ n. esp. N. Amer. hist. [尤北美史义]  1  a house at which porter and other drinks were retailed (出售黑啤酒及其他饮料的)小酒馆 2  a house where steaks, chops, etc. were served (供应牛排、排骨等的)排骨餐馆

porterhouse steak n.  a thick steak cut from the thick end of a sirloin 通脊牛排，大排

porter's knot  see 见 KNOT1 n. 9 

portfire /ˈpɔ:tfaiə/ n.  a device for firing rockets, igniting explosives in mining, etc. (火箭、开矿炸药等的) (发射)点火装置 [partial Anglicization of French porte-feu, from porter ‘carry’ + feu ‘fire’]

portfolio /pɔ:tˈfəʊliəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a case for keeping loose sheets of paper, drawings, etc. 公事包；文件夹，宗卷夹 2  a range of investments held by a person, a company, etc. (个人、公司等所拥有的)投资组合 3  the office of a Minister of State (cf. 参见 MINISTER WITHOUT PORTFOLIO) 部长职，大臣职 4  samples of an artist's work (艺术家的)代表作选辑 [Italian portafogli, from portare ‘carry’ + foglio ‘leaf’ from Latin folium]

porthole /ˈpɔ:thəʊl/ n.  1  an (esp. glazed) aperture in a ship's or aircraft's side for the admission of light (在船舶、飞机侧面，尤指装有玻璃的)舷窗 2 hist.  an aperture for pointing a cannon through [史义]射击孔；炮眼

portico /ˈpɔ:tikəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  a colonnade; a roof supported by columns at regular intervals usu. attached as a porch to a building 柱廊；(与建筑物连接的带顶的有柱的)门廊 [Italian from Latin porticus PORCH]

portion /ˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a part or share 部分 2  the amount of food allotted to one person (食物的)一份 3  a specified or limited quantity 一定数量 4  one's destiny or lot 命运；天数 5  a dowry 嫁妆 ●v. tr.  1  divide (a thing) into portions 把(某物)分成多份 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  distribute 分配 3  give a dowry to 给…一份嫁妆 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  assign (a thing) to (a person) 把(某事)安排给(某人) □ portionless  adj. (in sense 5 of n. 用于名词释义 5)   [Middle English via Old French porcion portion from Latin portio -onis]

portière /pɔ:tiˈɛə/ n.  a curtain hung over a door or doorway 门帘，门帷 [French from porte ‘door’, from Latin porta]

Portland cement /ˈpɔ:tlənd/ n.  a cement manufactured from chalk and clay which when hard resembles Portland stone in colour 波特兰水泥(水泥硬后色泽同波特兰石相仿)

Portland stone /ˈpɔ:tlənd/ n.  a limestone from the Isle of Portland in Dorset, used in building (建筑中使用的)波特兰石(产自英国多塞特郡的波特兰岛)

Port Louis /ˈpɔ:tˈlu:is/ n.  路易港 [毛里求斯首都]

portly /ˈpɔ:tli/ adj. (portlier, portliest)  1  corpulent; stout 肥胖的；粗壮的 2 archaic  of a stately appearance [古义]富态的 □ portliness  n.   [PORT5 (in the sense ‘bearing’) + -LY1]

portmanteau /pɔ:tˈmæntəʊ/ n. (pl. portmanteaus or portmanteaux /-əʊz/)  a travelling bag for clothes etc., esp. of leather and opening into two equal parts (尤指皮制，两半可合拢的装衣物的)手提包 [French portmanteau, from porter ‘carry’ (from Latin portare) + manteau MANTLE]

portmanteau word n.  a word blending the sounds and combining the meanings of two others, e.g. motel, Oxbridge 紧缩词，合并词(如汽车旅馆，牛津大学和剑桥大学)

Port Moresby /ˈpɔ:tˈmɔ:zbi/ n.  莫尔兹比港 [巴布亚新几内亚首都]

port of call n.  a place where a ship, person, etc. stops on a journey (途中船舶停靠的)停泊港；逗留地

Port of London Authority n.  the corporate body controlling the London harbour and docks 伦敦港务局

Port-of-Spain /ˈpɔ:təvˈspein/ n.  西班牙港 [特立尼达和多巴哥首都]

portolan /ˈpɔ:təlæn/ n. (also 亦作 portolæno /pɔ:təˈlɑ:nəʊ/) (pl. portolans or portolanos) hist.  a book of sailing directions with charts, descriptions of harbours, etc. [史义]航海指南 [Italian portolano from porto PORT1]

portrait /ˈpɔ:trit/ n.  1  a representation of a person or animal, esp. of the face, made by drawing, painting, photography, etc. (尤指人或动物的面部)画像；照片；肖像 2  a verbal picture; a graphic description 口头描述；笔头描绘 3  a person etc. resembling or typifying another (人等)相似的形象  is the portrait of his father  和他父亲一模一样 4 (in graphic design etc.) a format in which the height of an illustration etc. is greater than the width (cf. 参见 LANDSCAPE n. 3) (图表设计等的)竖排格式 [French, past part. of Old French portraire PORTRAY]

portraitist /ˈpɔ:tritist/ n.  a person who takes or paints portraits 肖像画家；摄影者

portraiture /ˈpɔ:tritʃə/ n.  1  the art of painting or taking portraits 肖像绘画艺术；人像摄影法 2  graphic description 文字描绘 3  a portrait 画像；照相 [Middle English from Old French (as PORTRAIT)]

portray /pɔ:ˈtrei/ v. tr.  1  make a likeness of 画像 2  describe graphically; depict in words 生动描绘；用文字描写 □ portrayable  adj.  □ portrayal  n.  □ portrayer  n.   [Middle English from Old French portraire, from por- = PRO-1 + traire ‘draw’ from Latin trahere]

Port Salut /pɔ: səˈlu:/ n.  a pale mild type of cheese 安全港干酪 [after the Trappist monastery in France where it was first produced]

port tack  see 见 TACK1 4 

Portugal   葡萄牙

Portuguese /pɔ:tjʊˈɡi:z, pɔ:tʃʊˈɡi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native or national of Portugal 葡萄牙人b  a person of Portuguese descent 葡萄牙人后裔 2  the language of Portugal 葡萄牙语 ●adj.  of or relating to Portugal or its people or language 葡萄牙的；葡萄牙人的；葡萄牙语的；与葡萄牙(人、语)有关的 [Portuguese portuguez from medieval Latin portugalensis]

Portuguese man-of-war n.  a dangerous tropical or subtropical marine hydrozoan of the genus Physalia with a large crest and a poisonous sting 僧帽水母

port watch  see 见 WATCH n. 3b 

port wine  see 见 PORT2 

POS abbr.  point-of-sale [缩略]销售点的

pose1 /pəʊz/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  assume a certain attitude of body, esp. when being photographed or being painted for a portrait (照相、画像时)摆姿势 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 as)  set oneself up as or pretend to be (another person etc.) 装扮成(其他人等)  posing as a celebrity  装扮成名人 3 intr.  behave affectedly in order to impress others 装腔作势 4 tr.  put forward or present (a question etc.) 提出(问题等) 5 tr.  place (an artist's model etc.) in a certain attitude or position 使(艺术家的模特儿等)摆出某种姿态(姿势) ●n.  1  an attitude of body or mind (身体呈现的)姿势；心理状态 2  an attitude or pretence, esp. one assumed for effect 做作(尤指装腔作势)  his generosity is a mere pose  他的慷慨大方只不过是故作姿态罢了 [French poser (v.), pose (n.) from Late Latin pausare PAUSE: some senses by confusion with Latin ponere ‘place’ (cf. COMPOSE)]

pose2 /pəʊz/ v. tr.  puzzle (a person) with a question or problem (提出问题)把(他人)难住 [obsolete appose from Old French aposer, variant of oposer OPPOSE]

poser /ˈpəʊzə/ n.  1  a person who poses (see 见 POSE1 v. 3) 摆姿态的人；装腔作势的人 2  a puzzling question or problem 使人困窘的问题；难题

poseur /pəʊˈzɜ:/ n. (fem. poseuse /pəʊˈzɜ:z/)  a person who poses for effect or behaves affectedly 装腔作势的人 [French, from poser POSE1]

posey /ˈpəʊzi/ adj. colloq.  affected, pretentious [口]装腔作势的，自命不凡的 [POSE1 + -Y1]

posh /pɒʃ/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口] ●adj.  1  smart; stylish 漂亮的，时髦的 2 esp. Brit.  of or associated with the upper classes [尤英]上流的，带有上流气质的  spoke with a posh accent  用上等人的口吻说话 ●adv. esp. Brit.  in a stylish or upper-class way [尤英]时髦地；优雅地  talk posh  谈吐优雅 act posh  举止风流倜傥 □ posh up  esp. Brit.  smarten up [尤英]使变得时髦□ poshly  adv.  □ poshness  n.   [20th c.: perhaps from slang posh ‘a dandy’: port out starboard home (referring to the more comfortable accommodation on ships to and from the East) is a later association and not the true origin]

posit /ˈpɒzit/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (posited, positing)  1  assume as a fact, postulate 假设，假定 2  put in place or position 安置，安放 ●n. Philos.  a statement which is made on the assumption that it will prove valid 【哲】假定(论) [Latin ponere posit- ‘place’]

position /pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place occupied by a person or thing 位置；地点 2  the way in which a thing or its parts are placed or arranged (东西或其部分)位置安排；安置方式  sitting in an uncomfortable position  坐姿很不舒服 3  the proper place 适当的位置  in position  在适当的位置，各就各位 4  the state of being advantageously placed 处在有利的状况  jockeying for position  谋取有利的地位 5  a person's mental attitude; a way of looking at a question 态度；立场  changed their position on nuclear disarmament  改变他们核裁军方面的立场 6  a person's situation in relation to others 处境  puts one in an awkward position  使处于棘手的境地 7  rank or status; high social standing 等级；地位；身份 8  paid employment; a job 有报酬的职务；工作 9  a place where troops etc. are posted for strategic purposes 战略要点，阵地  the position was stormed  阵地受到猛烈攻击 10  the configuration of chessmen etc. during a game (棋子等的)布局，布阵 11  a specific pose in ballet etc. (芭蕾舞等的)舞姿  hold first position  保持第一种舞姿 12 Logic 【逻辑学】  a  a proposition 命题b  a statement of a proposition 命题的叙述 ●v. tr.  place in position 放置 □ in a position to   enabled by circumstances, resources, information, etc. to (do, state, etc.) (根据形势、资源、信息等)能够做(确定等)□ positional  adj.  □ positionally  adv.  □ positioner  n.   [Middle English from Old French position or Latin positio -onis (as POSIT)]

position paper n. (in business etc) a written report of attitude or intentions (商业等中，阐明态度、意图的)意见书

position vector n. Math.  a vector which determines the position of a point 【数】位(置)矢(量)

positive /ˈpɒzitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  formally or explicitly stated; definite, unquestionable 正式的；明确的；确定的；无疑问的  positive proof  确凿的证据 2 (of a person) convinced or confident in his or her opinion (人)确信的，肯定的  positive that I was not there  肯定我不在那里 3  a  absolute; not relative 绝对的；不相干的b Gram. (of an adjective or adverb) expressing a simple quality without comparison (cf. 参见 COMPARATIVE adj. 4, SUPERLATIVE adj. 2) 【语法】(形容词、副词)原级的 4 colloq.  downright; complete [口]彻头彻尾的；完全的  it would be a positive miracle  它将简直是一个奇迹 5  constructive; directional 建设性的；指导性的  positive criticism  积极的批评 positive thinking  建设性的想法 6  marked by the presence rather than absence of qualities or Med. symptoms 实在的，真实的；【医】显示症状的，阳性的  a positive reaction to the plan  对计划的真实反应 the test was positive  化验呈阳性 7 esp. Philos.  dealing only with matters of fact; practical (cf. 参见 POSITIVISM 1) 【哲】实证的；实际的 8  tending in a direction naturally or arbitrarily taken as that of increase or progress 顺上升(前进)方向的  clockwise rotation is positive  顺时针旋转为正方向 9  greater than zero (opp. 反义 NEGATIVE adj. 6) 正的  positive and negative integers  正负整数 10 Electr.  of, containing, or producing the kind of electrical charge produced by rubbing glass with silk; an absence of electrons 【电】正电的 11 (of a photographic image) showing lights and shades or colours true to the original (cf. 参见 NEGATIVE n. 2a) (照片)正片的 ●n.  a positive adjective, photograph, quantity, etc. 原级形容词；正片(量等) □ positively  adv.  □ positiveness  n.  □ positivity  /pɒziˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French positif -ive or Latin positivus (as POSIT)]

positive discrimination n. Brit.  the practice of making distinctions in favour of groups considered to be underprivileged [英]逆向歧视(对弱者群体有利的做法)

positive feedback n.  1 Electronics  the return of part of an output signal to the input, tending to increase the amplification etc. 【电子学】正反馈 2 esp. Biol.  the enhancing or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process which gives rise to it (尤)【生】净增益增加的反馈 3  a constructive response to an experiment, questionnaire, etc. 正回授

positive geotropism n.  the tendency of roots to grow towards the centre of the earth (根)正向地性

positive pole n.  the north-seeking pole 磁体的北极，正极

positive prescription  see 见 PRESCRIPTION 3 

positive ray n. Physics  a canal ray 【物理学】阳极射线

positive sign n.  = PLUS SIGN 

positive vetting n. Brit.  an exhaustive inquiry into the background and character of a candidate for a post in the Civil Service that involves access to secret material [英] (对政府行政部门候选人所作的)彻底审查

positivism /ˈpɒzitiviz(ə)m/ n. Philos. 【哲】  1  a  the philosophical system of Auguste Comte (d. 1857), recognizing only non-metaphysical facts and observable phenomena, and rejecting metaphysics and theism 实证论，实证主义b  a religious system founded on this 实证主义宗教体系 2  = LOGICAL POSITIVISM  □ positivist  n. & adj.  □ positivistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.  □ positivistically  /-ˈvistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French positivisme (as POSITIVE)]

positron /ˈpɒzitrɒn/ n. Physics  a subatomic particle with a positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron and having the same mass as an electron 【物理学】正(阳)电子 [POSITIVE + -TRON]

posology /pəˈsɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the dosage of medicines 剂量学 □ posological  /pɒsəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [French posologie from Greek posos ‘how much’]

posse /ˈpɒsi/ n.  1  a strong force or company or assemblage 一队；一批；一群 2 (in full 全称 posse comitatus /kɒmiˈteitəs/)  a  a body of constables, law-enforcers, etc. 一队警察(执法人员等)b esp. US  a body of men summoned by a sheriff etc. to enforce the law [尤美]地方武装团队，民防团 3 slang  a gang of black (esp. Jamaican) youths involved in usu. drug-related crime [俚语]一帮(尤指牙买加)黑人青年(常与毒品犯罪有关的) [medieval Latin, = power, from Latin posse ‘be able’: comitatus = of the county]

possess /pəˈzes/ v. tr.  1  hold as property; own 拥有；具有 2  have as a faculty, quality, etc. 具有(能力、品质等)  they possess a special value for us  对我们而言他们具有特殊的价值 3 (also 亦作 refl.; foll. by 后跟 in)  maintain (oneself, one's soul, etc.) in a specified state 保持(自身、精神等)处于某一状态  possess oneself in patience  耐住自己的性子 4  a (of a demon etc.) occupy; have power over (a person etc.) (鬼魅等)缠住；控制(某人等)  possessed by the Devil  恶魔缠身b (of an emotion, infatuation, etc.) dominate, be an obsession of (感情、迷恋等)支配；着了迷，着了魔  possessed by fear  恐惧万分 5  have sexual intercourse with (esp. a woman) (尤指与女子)性交 □ be possessed of   own, have 拥有，具有□ possess oneself of   take or get for one's own 获得；把…据为己有□ what possessed you?   an expression of incredulity (表示疑惑)你怎么了□ possessor  n.  □ possessory  adj.   [Old French possesser from Latin possidēre possess-, from potis ‘able’ + sedēre ‘sit’]

possession /pəˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or state of possessing or being possessed 拥有；持有；具有 2  the thing possessed 占有物 3  the act or state of actual holding or occupancy 实际拥有(占据) 4 Law  power or control similar to lawful ownership but which may exist separately from it 【法律】占有(法律上的占有，而非实在的拥有)  prosecuted for possession of narcotic drugs  因私藏毒品而被告发 5 (in pl. 用复数)  property, wealth, subject territory, etc. 财产，财富，领地等 6 Football  etc. temporary control of the ball by a particular player 【足球】(球员的暂时)控球 □ in possession   1 (of a person) possessing (人)据有 2 (of a thing) possessed (物)被据有□ in possession of   1  having in one's possession 占有(某物) 2  maintaining control over 控制住  in possession of one's wits  保持理智□ in the possession of   held or owned by 为…所有□ take possession  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  become the owner or possessor (of a thing) 成为(某物的)所有者，占有(某物)□ possessionless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French possession or Latin possessio -onis (as POSSESS)]

possession order n. Brit.  an order made by a court directing that possession of a property be given to the owner [英] (法院的作出的财产归物主所有的)占有决议

possessive /pəˈzesiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  showing a desire to possess or retain what one already owns 拥有的；占有的 2  showing jealous and domineering tendencies towards another person 占有欲(或支配欲)强的 3 Gram.  indicating possession 【语法】所有格的 ●n. (in full 全称 possessive case) Gram.  the case of nouns and pronouns expressing possession 【语法】所有格(名词所有格，物主代词所有格) □ possessively  adv.  □ possessiveness  n.   [Latin possessivus (as POSSESS), translation of Greek ktētikē (ptōsis ‘case’)]

possessive pronoun n.  each of the pronouns indicating possession (my, your, his, their, etc.) or the corresponding absolute forms (mine, yours, his, theirs, etc.) 物主代词(我的、你的、他的、他们的等)，物主代词的绝对形式(我的、你的、他的、他们的等)

posset /ˈpɒsit/ n. hist.  a drink made of hot milk curdled with ale, wine, etc., often flavoured with spices, formerly used as a remedy for colds etc. [史义] (热牛奶搀上麦芽啤酒、葡萄酒等，旧时用以治疗感冒等的)牛奶甜酒 [Middle English poshote: origin unknown]

possibility /pɒsiˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or fact of being possible, or an occurrence of this 可能，可能性，可能的事实  outside the range of possibility  在可能范围之外 saw no possibility of going away  看到没有走开的可能 2  a thing that may exist or happen 可能存在事；可能发生的事  there are three possibilities  有三种可能 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the capability of being used, improved, etc.; the potential of an object or situation (esp. 尤用于 have possibilities 有潜力) (利用、改善等的)余地；(物品、形势等的)潜能 [Middle English from Old French possibilité or Late Latin possibilitas -tatis (as POSSIBLE)]

possible /ˈpɒsib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  capable of existing or happening; that may be managed, achieved, etc. 可能存在(发生)的，可能实行的，可得到的  came as early as possible  尽可能早来 did as much as possible  尽可能多做 2  that is likely to happen etc. 可能发生的  few thought their victory possible  没有什么人想到他们可能胜利 3  acceptable; potential 尚可接受的；潜在的  a possible way of doing it  尚可一试的做此事的办法 ●n.  1  a possible candidate, member of a team, etc. 可能的候选人(队员等) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  whatever is likely, manageable, etc. 可能(性) 3  the highest possible score, esp. in shooting etc. (射击等中的)最高分 [Middle English from Old French possible or Latin possibilis, from posse ‘be able’]

possibly /ˈpɒsibli/ adv.  1  perhaps 也许 2  in accordance with possibility 可能地  cannot possibly refuse  不可能拒绝

possum /ˈpɒsəm/ n.  1 colloq. [口]  = OPOSSUM 1  2 Austral.  a phalanger resembling an American opossum [澳]袋貂 □ play possum   1  pretend to be asleep or unconscious when threatened (受威胁时)假装睡着(失去知觉) 2  feign ignorance 装作不知 [abbreviation]

post1 /pəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long stout piece of timber or metal set upright in the ground etc. 柱(杆等):a  to support something, esp. in building (尤指建筑物中的)桩，柱子b  to mark a position, boundary, etc. 界桩c  to carry notices 标杆 2  a pole etc. marking the start or finish of a race (赛跑的)起(终)点标 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  attach (a paper etc.) in a prominent place; stick up 张贴(文件等)，贴出  post no bills  禁止张贴b  announce or advertise by placard or in a published text 宣告，公布 2  publish the name of (a ship etc.) as overdue or missing 宣布(误点或失踪船舶等的)名字 3  placard (a wall etc.) with bills etc. 在(墙上等)张贴(布告等) 4 N. Amer.  achieve (a score in a game etc.) [北美] (在游戏等中)得(分) [Old English from Latin postis: reinforced in Middle English also from Old French, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch]

post2 /pəʊst/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1 Brit.  the official conveyance of parcels, letters, etc. [英]邮政，邮递  send it by post  邮递 2 Brit.  a single collection, dispatch, or delivery of these; the letters etc. dispatched [英]邮件  has the post arrived yet?  邮件到了吗？ 3 Brit.  a place where letters etc. are dealt with; a post office or postbox [英]邮政场所，邮局，邮箱  take it to the post  拿去付邮 4 hist. [史义]  a  one of a series of couriers who carried mail on horseback between fixed stages 驿夫b  a letter-carrier; a mail cart 邮递员；邮车 ●v.  1 tr.  put (a letter etc.) in the post 投寄，寄(信等) 2 tr. (esp. as 尤作 posted adj.) (US [美] often foll. by 常后跟 up)  supply a person with information 向某人提供消息  keep me posted  让我了解情况 3 tr.  a  enter (an item) in a ledger 把(某项目)过账b (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  complete (a ledger) in this way 登入(分类账)c  carry (an entry) from an auxiliary book to a more formal one, or from one account to another 誊(账目) 4 intr.  a  travel with haste, hurry 匆匆旅行；急促行进b hist.  travel with relays of horses [史义]骑驿马旅行 ●adv. archaic or hist.  express; with haste [古义] [史义]特快地；急速地 [French poste (fem.) from Italian posta, ultimately from Latin ponere posit- ‘place’]

post3 /pəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place where a soldier is stationed or which he or she patrols 哨所，巡逻地区 2  a place of duty 岗位 3  a  a position taken up by a body of soldiers 驻地b  a force occupying this 驻军c  a fort 要塞 4  a situation, paid employment 职务，付薪金的工作 5  = TRADING POST  6 Naut. hist.  a commission as an officer in command of a vessel of 20 guns or more 【海】[史义] (20 门炮以上的)大战舰舰长的委任 ●v. tr.  1  place or station (soldiers, an employee, etc.) 布置(士兵)驻守；安排(雇员)上工作岗位 2  appoint to a post or command 委派…任职，任命…担任指挥 [French poste (masc.) from Italian posto via Romanic from Latin ponere posit- ‘place’]

post- /pəʊst/ prefix  after in time or order 后，次 [from or suggested by Latin post (adv. & prep.)]

postage /ˈpəʊstidʒ/ n.  the amount charged for sending a letter etc. by post, usu. prepaid in the form of a stamp 邮资，邮费  £ 25 including postage and packing  邮资及打包费一共 25 英镑

postage meter n. N. Amer.  a franking machine [北美]邮资机

postage stamp n.  an official stamp affixed to or imprinted on a letter etc. indicating the amount of postage paid 邮票；代邮标记

postal /ˈpəʊst(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the post 邮政的 2 esp. Brit.  by post [尤英]邮寄的  postal vote  用邮寄方法投票 ●n. US  a postcard [美]明信片 □ postally  adv.   [French (poste POST2)]

postal card n. US [美]  = POSTCARD 

postal code n.  = POSTCODE 

postal meter n.  a franking machine 邮资机

postal note n. Austral. & NZ [澳新]  = POSTAL ORDER 

postal order n. Brit.  a money order issued by the Post Office, payable to a specified person [英]邮政汇票

Postal Union n.  a union of the governments of various countries for the regulation of international postage 万国邮政联盟(协会)

postbag /ˈpəʊs(t)bæɡ/ n. Brit. [英]  = MAILBAG 

postbox /ˈpəʊs(t)bɒks/ n. Brit.  a public box in which mail is posted for subsequent collection and delivery [英]邮箱，邮筒

postcard /ˈpəʊs(t)kɑ:d/ n.  a card, often with a photograph, cartoon, etc. on one side, for sending a short message by post without an envelope 明信片

post-chaise /ˈpəʊs(t)ʃeiz/ n. hist.  a travelling carriage hired from stage to stage or drawn by horses hired in this manner [史义] (旅行)驿递马车

post-classical /pəʊs(t)ˈklæsik(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of Greek and Roman literature) later than the classical period (尤指希腊和古罗马文学艺术)古典时代后的

postcode /ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd/ n. Brit.  a group of figures or letters and figures which are added to a postal address to assist sorting [英]邮政编码

post-coital /pəʊs(t)ˈkəʊit(ə)l/ adj.  occurring or existing after sexual intercourse 性交后的，做爱后的 □ post-coitally  adv.  

post-date v. & n. ●v. tr. /pəʊs(t)ˈdeit/  affix or assign a date later than the actual one to (a document, event, etc.) 把(文件、事件等的)日子填迟 ●n. /ˈpəʊs(t)deit/  such a date 填迟的日期

postdoctoral /pəʊs(t)ˈdɒkt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to research undertaken after the completion of doctoral research 博士后的，与博士后有关的

post-entry /ˈpəʊstentri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a late or subsequent entry, esp. in a race or in bookkeeping (尤指赛马、登记账目中的)临时报名；补记账目

poster /ˈpəʊstə/ n.  1  a placard in a public place 招贴 2  a large printed picture 广告画 3  a billposter 张贴广告(招贴)的人

poste restante /pəʊst ˈrest(ə)nt/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a direction on a letter to indicate that it should be kept at a specified post office until collected by the addressee (信封上标注的)留局待领 2  the service department in a post office keeping such letters (邮局的)留局待领处 [French, = letter(s) remaining]

posterior /pɒˈstiəriə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  later; coming after in series, order, or time 以后的；其次的；后面的；较晚的 2  situated at the back 背部的；背后的 ●n.  the buttocks 臀部 □ posteriority  /pɒˌstiəriˈɒriti/ n.  □ posteriorly  adv.   [Latin, comparative of posterus ‘following’, from post ‘after’]

posterity /pɒˈsteriti/ n.  1  all succeeding generations 后裔 2  the descendants of a person 后代 [Middle English via Old French posterité from Latin posteritas -tatis, from posterus: see POSTERIOR]

postern /ˈpɒst(ə)n, ˈpəʊst-/ n.  1  a back door 后门 2  a side way or entrance 边道；边门 [Middle English via Old French posterne, posterle, from Late Latin posterula, diminutive of posterus: see POSTERIOR]

poster paint n.  a gummy opaque paint 广告颜料

post exchange n. US Mil.  a shop at a military camp etc. [美]【军】(军营等处的)小卖部

post-feminist /pəʊstˈfeminist/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the ideas, attitudes, etc., which ignore or reject feminist ideas of the 1960s and subsequent decades (20 世纪 60 年代之后所形成的女性解放思潮)后女权主义的 ●n.  a person holding such ideas and attitudes 后女权主义者 □ post-feminism  n.  

postfix n. & v. ●n. /ˈpəʊs(t)fiks/  a suffix 后缀 ●v. tr. /pəʊs(t)ˈfiks/  append (letters) at the end of a word 加(字母)在单词后

post-free adj. & adv. Brit.  carried by post free of charge or with the postage prepaid [英]邮资免付(的)，邮资已付(的)

postglacial /pəʊs(t)ˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  formed or occurring after a glacial period 冰期后的 ●n.  a postglacial period or deposit 冰后期；冰后期沉积

postgrad adj. & n. colloq. [口]  = POSTGRADUATE  [abbreviation]

postgraduate /pəʊs(t)ˈɡrædjʊət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a course of study) carried on after taking a first degree (学习课程)大学毕业后所进行的 2  of or relating to students following this course of study 研究生的，与研究生有关的  postgraduate accommodation  研究生膳宿 ●n.  a postgraduate student 研究生

post-haste adv.  with great speed 急速地 [POST2]

post-horn n. hist.  a valveless horn formerly used to announce the arrival of the post [史义] (发出驿车到达信号的)驿车号

posthumous /ˈpɒstjʊməs/ adj.  1  occurring after death 死后的 2 (of a child) born after the death of its father 父亲死后出生的，遗腹的 3 (of a book etc.) published after the author's death (书籍等)作者死后出版的 □ posthumously  adv.   [Latin postumus ‘last’ (superlative from post ‘after’): in Late Latin posth- by association with humus ‘ground’]

postiche /pɒˈsti:ʃ/ n.  a coil of false hair, worn as an adornment (装饰用)假发 [French, = false, from Italian posticcio]

postie /ˈpəʊsti/ n. Brit. colloq.  a postman or postwoman [英口]男(女)邮递员 [abbreviation]

postil /ˈpɒstil/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a marginal note or comment, esp. on a text of Scripture 旁注，批注(尤指在《圣经》上的注) 2  a commentary 评论 [Middle English via Old French postille from medieval Latin postilla, of uncertain origin]

postilion /pɒˈstiliən/ n. (also 亦作 postillion)  the rider on the near (left-hand side) horse drawing a coach etc. when there is no coachman (马车的)左马驭者 [French postillon from Italian postiglione ‘post-boy’, from posta POST2]

post-Impressionism /pəʊstimˈpreʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  artistic aims and methods developed from, or as a reaction against, Impressionism and intending to express the individual artist's conception of the objects represented rather than the general observer's view (艺术的)后期印象派 □ post-Impressionist  n. & adj.  

post-industrial /pəʊstinˈdʌstriəl/ adj.  relating to or characteristic of a society or economy which no longer relies on heavy industry (不再依赖重工业的)后工业化的；与后工业化相关的

postliminy /pəʊs(t)ˈlimini/ n.  1 (in international law) the restoration to their former status of persons and things taken in war (国际法)战后公民地位(财产)恢复权 2 (in Roman law) the right of a banished person or captive to resume civic privileges on return from exile (罗马法) (俘虏等放归后的)战后公民资格恢复权 [Latin postliminium (as POST-, limen liminis ‘threshold’)]

postlude /ˈpəʊs(t)lu:d/ n. Mus.  a concluding voluntary 【音】后奏曲，尾曲 [POST-, after PRELUDE]

postman /ˈpəʊs(t)mən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is employed to deliver and collect letters etc. 邮递员，邮差

postman's knock n. Brit.  a game in which imaginary letters are delivered in exchange for kisses [英]邮递员敲门游戏(扮演邮递员可向异性收信人索吻作为送信报酬)

postmark /ˈpəʊs(t)mɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  an official mark stamped on a letter, esp. one giving the place, date, etc. of dispatch or arrival, and serving to cancel the stamp 邮戳 ●v. tr.  mark (an envelope etc.) with this 在(信封等)上盖邮戳

postmaster /ˈpəʊs(t)mɑ:stə/ n.  a man in charge of a post office 邮政局局长

postmaster general n.  the head of a country's postal service (abolished in the UK as an office in 1969) 邮政部部长(大臣) (英国 1969 年已撤消该部)

post-mill n.  a windmill pivoted on a post and turning to catch the wind (用高杆撑起的)杆上风车

post-millennial /pəʊs(t)miˈleniəl/ adj.  following the millennium 千禧年后的

post-millennialism /pəʊs(t)miˈleniəliz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that a second Advent will follow the millennium (基督复临的)千禧年后论 □ post-millennialist  n.  

postmistress /ˈpəʊs(t)mistris/ n.  a woman in charge of a post office 邮政局女局长

postmodern /pəʊs(t)ˈmɒd(ə)n/ adj. (in literature, architecture, the arts, etc.) denoting a movement reacting against modern tendencies, esp. by drawing attention to former conventions (文学、建筑、艺术等)后现代派的 □ postmodernism  n.  □ postmodernist  n. & adj.  □ postmodernity  /-ˈdɜ:niti/ n.  

post-mortem /pəʊs(t)ˈmɔ:təm/ n., adv. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 post-mortem examination)  an examination made after death, esp. to determine its cause 验尸，死后检验(尤指为了确定死因) 2  a discussion analysing the course and result of a game, election, etc. (对游戏、选举等的)事后分析；事后讨论 ●adv. & adj.  after death 死后(的) [Latin]

post-natal /pəʊs(t)ˈneit(ə)l/ adj.  characteristic of or relating to the period after childbirth 产后的；与产后有关的 □ post-natally  adv.  

post-natal depression n.  depression suffered by a mother following childbirth 产后抑郁症

post-nuptial /pəʊs(t)ˈnʌpʃ(ə)l/ adj.  after marriage 婚后的

post-obit /pəʊstˈəʊbit, -ˈɒbit/ n. & adj. ●n. Brit.  a bond given to a lender by a borrower securing a sum for payment on the death of another person from whom the borrower expects to inherit [英]死后偿还借据(由死者的继承人偿清债务的契约) ●adj.  taking effect after death 死后生效的 [Latin post obitum, from post ‘after’ + obitus ‘decease’ from obire ‘die’]

Post Office n.  1  the public department or corporation responsible for postal services and (in some countries) telecommunications 邮局；(某些国家)电信局 2 (作 post office)  a  a room or building where postal business is carried on 邮政所；邮政大楼b US [美]  = POSTMAN'S KNOCK 

post office box n.  a numbered place in a post office where letters are kept until called for 邮政专用信箱

post-operative /pəʊstˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj.  of the period following a surgical operation 手术后的

post-paid adj. & adv.  on which postage has been paid 邮资已付(的)

post-partum /pəʊs(t)ˈpɑ:təm/ adj.  following parturition 产后的 [Latin post partum ‘after childbirth’ (as POST1, PARTURIENT)]

postpone /pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn, pəˈspəʊn/ v. tr.  cause or arrange (an event etc.) to take place at a later time 使(事件等)延期 □ postponable  adj.  □ postponement  n.  □ postponer  n.   [Latin postponere (as POST-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]

postposition /pəʊs(t)pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a word or particle, esp. an enclitic, placed after the word it modifies, e.g. -ward in homeward and at in the books we looked at 后置(词) (如 homeward 中的 -ward, the books we looked at 中的 at) 2  the use of a postposition 后置词的使用 □ postpositional  adj. & n.  □ postpositive  /pəʊs(t)ˈpɒzitiv/ adj. & n.  □ postpositively  /-ˈpɒzitivli/ adv.   [Late Latin postpositio (as POSTPONE)]

postprandial /pəʊs(t)ˈprændiəl/ adj. formal or joc.  after dinner or lunch [正式] [诙]饭后的 [POST- + Latin prandium ‘a meal’]

post-production /pəʊstprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  work done on a film, broadcast, etc. after filming or recording has taken place (电影、广播等的)后期制作 usu. 通常作 attrib.: post-production costs  后期制作费用

post room n. Brit.  the department of a company that deals with incoming and outgoing mail [英]邮件收发室

postscript /ˈpəʊs(t)skript/ n.  1  an additional paragraph or remark, usu. at the end of a letter after the signature and introduced by ‘PS’ (信末签名后的)又及，附笔(缩略为 PS) 2  any additional information, action, etc. 附言，补遗；后续行动 [Latin postscriptum, neut. past part. of postscribere (as POST-, scribere ‘write’)]

post-structuralism /pəʊs(t)ˈstrʌktʃ(ə)r(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  an extension and critique of structuralism, esp. as used in critical textual analysis 后结构主义(尤用于对原文批评性的分析) □ post-structuralist  n. & adj.  

post-tax /pəʊs(t)ˈtæks/ attrib. adj. Brit. (of income) after the deduction of taxes [英] (收入)税后的

post town n. Brit.  a town with a post office, esp. one that is not a sub-office of another [英]设有邮局(尤指不是分局)的镇

post-traumatic stress disorder /pəʊs(t) trɔ:mætik, -trəʊ-/ n. Med.  a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring after injury or severe psychological shock 【医】创伤(或惊吓)后紧张症(持续的精神和情绪的紧张)

postulant /ˈpɒstjʊl(ə)nt/ n.  a candidate, esp. for admission into a religious order (宗教职位的)候选人 [French postulant or Latin postulans -antis (as POSTULATE)]

postulate v. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈpɒstjʊleit/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  assume as a necessary condition, esp. as a basis for reasoning; take for granted 假定；假设 2  claim 要求 3 (in ecclesiastical law) nominate or elect to a higher rank (教会法规中)提拔(推选)到较高职位 ●n. /ˈpɒstjʊlət/  1  a thing postulated 假设；假定 2  a fundamental prerequisite or condition 先决条件；必要条件 3 Math.  an assumption used as a basis for mathematical reasoning 【数】公设，假设 □ postulation  /pɒstjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin postulare postulat- ‘demand’]

postulator /ˈpɒstjʊleitə/ n.  1  a person who postulates 假设者，要求者 2 RC Ch.  a person who presents a case for canonization or beatification 【天主教】列圣(列福)申请官；神职申请者

posture /ˈpɒstʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the relative position of parts, esp. of the body (物体各部分的)相对位置；(尤指人体的)姿势  in a reclining posture  斜倚着的姿势 2  carriage or bearing 仪态；举止  improved by good posture and balance  通过优雅的举止及镇静得到了改进 3  a mental or spiritual attitude or condition 心境；心态 4  the condition or state (of affairs etc.) (事情等的)状况；情形  in more diplomatic postures  更具有外交上的姿态 ●v.  1 intr.  assume a mental or physical attitude, esp. for effect 装模作样  inclined to strut and posture  喜好趾高气扬、装模作样 2 tr.  pose (a person) 摆出(某人)的姿势 □ postural  adj.  □ posturer  n.   [French via Italian postura from Latin positura, from ponere posit- ‘place’]

post-war /pəʊs(t)ˈwɔ:, ˈpəʊs(t)-/ adj.  occurring or existing after a war (esp. the most recent major war) (尤指近代最主要的战争)战后的

postwoman /ˈpəʊs(t)wʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is employed to deliver and collect letters etc. 女邮递员

posy /ˈpəʊzi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a small bunch of flowers 小花束 2 archaic  a short motto, line of verse, etc., inscribed within a ring [古义] (戒指上刻的)铭文(诗句等) [alteration of POESY]

posy ring n.  a ring engraved with a motto etc. (刻有箴言等的)铭文戒指

pot1 /pɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a vessel, usu. rounded, of ceramic ware or metal or glass for holding liquids or solids or for cooking in (陶瓷、金属或玻璃)罐；壶b  such a vessel designed to hold a particular substance (专门设计盛某物的)壶；锅  coffee pot  咖啡壶 teapot  茶壶 2  a  = FLOWERPOT b  = CHIMNEY POT c  = LOBSTER POT d  = CHAMBER POT, POTTY2  3  a drinking vessel of pewter etc. 白镴大酒杯 4  the contents of a pot 一壶(一罐等)的量  ate a whole pot of jam  吃了一罐果酱 5  the total amount of the bet in a game etc. (游戏等中的)赌注总额 6 colloq.  a large sum [口]大笔款子  pots of money  许多钱 7 slang  a vessel given as a prize in an athletic contest, esp. a silver cup [俚语] (竞技运动的)奖品(尤指银杯) 8  = POT BELLY 1  ●v. tr. (potted, potting)  1  place in a pot 把…装在罐(壶)里 2 (usu. as 通常作 potted adj.)  preserve in a sealed pot 把…贮存于密封罐中  potted shrimps  罐头虾 3 Brit.  sit (a young child) on a chamber pot [英]服侍(小孩)坐便盆 4 Brit.  pocket (a ball) in billiards etc. [英] (台球等中)击(球)落袋 5  shoot at, hit, or kill (an animal) with a pot-shot 任意射(任意打、任意杀) (动物) 6  seize or secure 抓住；获得 7 (esp.as 尤作 potted adj.) Brit.  abridge or epitomize [英]节略(的)；摘录(的)  in a potted version  在删节本中 potted wisdom  格言 □ go to pot  colloq.  deteriorate; be ruined [口]堕落；毁灭□ pot of gold   an imaginary reward; an ideal; a jackpot 假想奖金；想像中的事；意外的大成功□ potful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English pott, corresponding to Old Frisian, Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pot, from popular Latin]

pot2 /pɒt/ n. slang  marijuana [俚语]大麻 [probably from Mexican Spanish potiguaya]

pot3 /pɒt/ n. & v. Austral. & NZ [澳新] ●n.  a dropped goal in rugby (英式橄榄球中)进球 ●v. tr. (potted, potting)  score (a dropped goal) (踢进球)得分 [perhaps from POT-SHOT]

potable /ˈpəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  drinkable 可饮用的，可以喝的 □ potability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French potable or Late Latin potabilis from Latin potare ‘drink’]

potage /pɒˈtɑ:ʒ/ n.  thick soup 浓汤 [French (as POTTAGE)]

potager /ˈpɒtədʒə/ n.  a kitchen garden 菜园 [French]

potamic /pəˈtæmik/ adj.  of rivers 河流的 □ potamology  /pɒtəˈmɒlidʒi/ n.   [Greek potamos ‘river’]

potash /ˈpɒtæʃ/ n.  an alkaline potassium compound, usu. potassium carbonate or hydroxide 钾碱(常为碳酸钾及苛性钾) [17th-c. pot-ashes from Dutch pot-asschen (as POT1, ASH1): originally obtained by leaching vegetable ashes and evaporating the solution in iron pots]

potassium /pəˈtæsiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silver-white metallic element occurring naturally in sea water and various minerals, an essential element for living organisms, and forming many useful compounds used industrially (symbol 符 K) 【化】(化学元素)钾 □ potassic  adj.   [POTASH + -IUM]

potassium-argon dating n. Geol.  a method of dating rocks from the relative proportions of radioactive potassium-40 and its decay produce, argon-40 【地质】钾氩测年

potassium carbonate n.  a hygroscopic white crystalline solid, alkaline in solution, with many industrial applications Chem. formula 化学分子式 : K2CO3 碳酸钾

potassium chloride n.  a white crystalline solid used as a fertilizer and in photographic processing Chem. formula 化学分子式 : KCL 氯化钾

potassium cyanide n.  a highly toxic solid that releases poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas when hydrolysed Chem. formula 化学分子式 : KCN 氰化钾

potassium iodide n.  a white crystalline solid used as an additive in table salt to prevent iodine deficiency Chem. formula 化学分子式 : KI 碘化钾

potassium permanganate n.  a purple crystalline solid that is used in solution as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant Chem. formula 化学分子式 : KMnO4 高锰酸钾

potation /pə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal or joc. [正式] [诙]  1  a drink 酒类饮料 2  the act or an instance of drinking 喝，饮 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the act or an instance of tippling 纵酒，嗜酒 □ potatory  /ˈpəʊtət(ə)ri, pə(ʊ)ˈteit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French potation or Latin potatio from potare ‘drink’]

potato /pəˈteitəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a starchy plant tuber that is cooked and used for food 土豆 2  the plant, Solanum tuberosum, bearing this 马铃薯植物，洋芋 3 Brit. colloq.  a hole in (esp. the heel of) a sock or stocking [英口] (袜子上的尤指脚后跟上的)破洞 [Spanish patata, variant of Taino batata SWEET POTATO]

potato chip n.  = CHIPn. 3 

potato crisp  see 见 CRISP n. 

pot-au-feu /pɒtəʊˈfə, 法 pɔtofø/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  French soup of usu. boiled beef and vegetables cooked in a large pot (法国的)蔬菜牛肉汤 2  the broth from this 蔬菜牛肉清汤 [French, = pot on the fire]

pot belly n. (pl. -ies)  1  a protruding stomach 肥大的肚子 2  a person with this 大腹便便的人 3  a small bulbous stove (小型的)大腹取暖炉 □ pot-bellied  adj.  

potboiler /ˈpɒtbɔilə/ n.  1  a work of literature or art done merely to make the writer or artist a living (为糊口而作的)蹩脚文艺作品 2  a writer or artist who does this 蹩脚文艺作品作家(画家)

pot-bound adj. (of a plant) having roots which fill the flowerpot, leaving no room to expand (植物根)满盆的

potch /pɒtʃ/ n.  an opal of inferior quality 劣质蛋白石 [19th c.: origin unknown]

pot cheese n. US  cottage cheese [美]农家鲜干酪

poteen /pɒˈti:n/ n. (also 亦作 potheen /-ˈtʃi:n/) Ir.  alcohol made illicitly, usu. from potatoes [爱尔兰] (通常用土豆)私酿的酒 [Irish poitín, diminutive of pota POT1]

potent1 /ˈpəʊt(ə)nt/ adj.  1  powerful; strong 有权势的，强有力的 2 (of a reason) cogent; forceful (理由)令人信服的，具有说服力的 3 (of a male) capable of sexual erection or orgasm (男性)有性交能力的，性欲亢进的 4 literary  mighty [文学用语]有力的 □ potence  n.  □ potency  n.  □ potently  adv.   [Latin potens -entis, pres. part. of posse ‘be able’]

potent2 /ˈpəʊt(ə)nt/ adj. & n. Heraldry 【纹章学】  ●adj.  1  with a crutch-head shape T 形端的 2 (of a fur) formed by a series of such shapes (毛皮)由 T 形图案拼成的 ●n.  this fur T 形图案拼成的毛皮 [Middle English via Old French potence ‘crutch’ from Latin potentia ‘power’ (as POTENT1)]

potentate /ˈpəʊt(ə)nteit/ n.  a monarch or ruler 君主；统治者 [Middle English from Old French potentat or Latin potentatus ‘dominion’ (as POTENT2)]

potential /pə(ʊ)ˈtenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  capable of coming into being or action; latent 可能存在(行动)的，潜在的 ●n.  1  the capacity for use or development; possibility 潜在性，可能性  achieved its highest potential  发挥其最高的潜在能力 2  usable resources 蕴藏量 3 Physics  the quantity determining the energy of mass in a gravitational field or of charge in an electric field 【物理学】势，位 □ potentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ potentialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ potentially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French potencial or Late Latin potentialis from potentia (as POTENT1)]

potential barrier n.  a region of high potential impeding the movement of particles etc. 势(位)垒

potential difference n.  the difference of electric potential between two points 电势(位)差

potential energy n.  a body's ability to do work by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, etc. 势(位)能

potentiate /pə(ʊ)ˈtenʃieit/ v. tr.  1  make more powerful, esp. increase the effectiveness of (a drug) 使…强有力；增强(尤指药物)效能 2  make possible 使可能 [POTENT1, on the pattern of SUBSTANTIATE]

potentilla /pəʊt(ə)nˈtilə/ n.  any plant or shrub of the genus Potentilla; a cinquefoil 委陵菜属植物(灌木) [medieval Latin, diminutive of Latin potens POTENT1]

potentiometer /pə(ʊ)ˌtenʃiˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring or adjusting small electrical potentials 电势计，电位计 □ potentiometric  /-ʃiəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ potentiometry  /-ʃiˈɒmitri/ n.  

pothead /ˈpɒthed/ n. slang  a person who smokes pot [俚语]吸大麻的人 [POT2]

potheen var.  of POTEEN  POTEEN 的变体

pother /ˈpɒðə/ n. & v. literary [文学用语] ●n.  a noise; commotion; fuss 喧闹；骚动；混乱 ●v.  1 tr.  fluster, worry (使)紧张不安；(使)焦虑 2 intr.  make a fuss 大惊小怪 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pot-herb n.  any herb grown for culinary use 烹饪用的蔬菜

pothole /ˈpɒthəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a deep hole or system of caves and underground river beds formed by the erosion of rock esp. by the action of water 锅穴；壶穴；地壶(河床岩石上的洞) 2  a deep hole in the ground or a river bed 坑洞；涡穴 3  a hole in a road surface caused by wear or subsidence 路面凹坑 ●v. intr. Brit.  explore potholes [英]探索洞穴 □ potholer  n.  □ potholing  n.   [pot ‘pit’ (perhaps from Scandinavian) + HOLE]

pot-hook n.  1  a hook over a hearth for hanging a pot etc. on, or for lifting a hot pot (用以悬吊锅、壶等在炉火上煮的)锅钩 2  a curved stroke in handwriting, esp. as made in learning to write (初学者写的)曲里歪斜的笔划

pot-hunter n.  1  a person who hunts for game at random 乱猎者 2  a person who takes part in a contest merely for the sake of the prize (单纯为获奖而参加比赛的)逐奖参赛者

potion /ˈpəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  a liquid medicine, drug, poison, etc. 饮剂 [Middle English via Old French from Latin potio -onis, from potus ‘having drunk’]

potlatch /ˈpɒtlætʃ/ n. (among certain N. American Indians) a ceremonial giving away or destruction of property to display wealth (某些北美印第安人的)冬季赠礼节(以赠送礼物、损毁个人财产而炫耀财富) [Chinook from Nootka patlatsh ‘gift’]

potluck /ˈpɒtlʌk, pɒtˈlʌk/ n. (also 亦作 pot luck)  whatever is available 现成饭菜(东西)

potoroo /pɒtəˈru:/ n.  a rat kangaroo, esp. of the genus Potorus (尤指长鼻袋鼠属的)鼠袋鼠 [Aboriginal, probably Dharuk badaru]

pot pie n.  a pie of meat etc. or fruit with a crust baked in a pot 肉馅饼；水果馅饼

pot plant n. Brit.  a plant grown in a flowerpot [英]盆栽植物

pot-pourri /pəʊˈpʊəri, -ˈri:, pɒtˈpʊəri/ n. (pl. pot-pourris)  1  a mixture of dried petals and spices used to perfume a room etc. 百花香(干燥花瓣与香料混合物) 2  a musical or literary medley (音乐、文学的)集锦 [earlier = a stew made of different kinds of meat: French, = rotten pot]

potrero /pɒˈtrɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (in the south-western US and S. America) a paddock or pasture for horses or cattle (美国西南部及南美)围场；草场(放牧牛、马用的) 2 (in the south-western US) a narrow steep-sided plateau (美国西南部)狭而陡的高地 [Spanish from potro ‘colt, pony’]

pot roast n. & v. ●n.  a piece of meat cooked slowly in a covered dish (文火炖的)肉块 ●v. tr. (pot-roast)  cook (a piece of meat) in this way 用文火炖(肉)

potsherd /ˈpɒtʃɜ:d/ n.  a broken piece of ceramic material, esp. one found on an archaeological site (尤指考古地点发现的)陶瓷碎片

pot-shot n.  1  a random shot 胡乱射击 2  a shot aimed at an animal etc. within easy reach 近距离射击(动物等) 3  a shot at a game bird etc. merely to provide a meal (为获取肉食)滥猎射击

pottage /ˈpɒtidʒ/ n. archaic  soup, stew [古义] (蔬菜或菜肉)浓汤，炖汤 [Middle English from Old French potage (as POT1)]

potter1 /ˈpɒtə/ v. (US [美] putter /ˈpʌtə/)  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  work or occupy oneself in a desultory but pleasant manner 轻松自在地干活  likes pottering about in the garden  喜欢在花园里不慌不忙地干点零活b (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  dabble in a subject or occupation 吊儿郎当地从事(干活) 2 intr. Brit.  go slowly, dawdle, loiter [英]溜达；闲荡；闲逛  pottered up to the pub  溜达到酒吧 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  fritter away (one's time etc.) 浪费(时间等) □ potterer  n.   [frequentative of dialect pote ‘push’, from Old English potian]

potter2 /ˈpɒtə/ n.  a maker of ceramic vessels 制陶工人 [Old English pottere (as POT1)]

potter's field n.  a burial place for paupers, strangers, etc. (after Matt. 27:7) (埋葬叫化子、流浪者等的)义地，义冢(《圣经·马太福音》 27:7)

potter's wheel n.  a horizontal revolving disc to carry clay for making pots 拉坯轮，陶轮(制陶坯的平面转轮)

pottery /ˈpɒt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  vessels etc. made of fired clay 陶器 2  a potter's work 陶瓷制造(法) 3  a potter's workshop 陶瓷厂(作坊) □ the Potteries   a district in N. Staffordshire, where the English pottery industry is centred (位于斯塔福德北部，英国陶瓷工业中心)陶瓷之都 [Middle English from Old French poterie, from potier POTTER2]

potting shed /ˈpɒtiŋ/ n.  a building in which plants are potted and tools etc. are stored (放盆栽植物及工具的)盆栽棚

pottle /ˈpɒt(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a small punnet or carton for strawberries etc. [英] (装草莓等用)水果篓(纸箱) 2 archaic [古义]  a  a measure for liquids; a half gallon 波特尔(旧时液量单位)；半加仑b  a pot etc. containing this 半加仑容量的罐(壶) [Middle English from Old French potel (as POT1)]

potto /ˈpɒtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a W. African lemur-like mammal, Perodicticus potto 树熊猴(生活在西非类似狐猴的哺乳动物) [perhaps from Guinea dialect]

Pott's fracture /pɒts/ n.  a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, usu. with dislocation of the ankle 波特氏骨折(腓骨下端骨折) [P. Pott, English surgeon d. 1788]

potty1 /ˈpɒti/ adj. (pottier, pottiest) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  foolish or crazy 愚蠢的；疯癫的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 little)  insignificant, trivial 不重要的，琐碎的  a potty little place  无关紧要的小地方 □ pottiness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

potty2 /ˈpɒti/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a chamber pot, esp. for a child [口] (小孩用)便壶(盆)

potty-train v. tr.  train (a small child) to use a potty 训练(小孩)坐便盆

pot-valiant adj.  courageous because of drunkenness 酒后胆壮的 □ pot-valour  n.  

pouch /paʊtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small bag or detachable outside pocket 小袋；小贴袋 2  a baggy area of skin underneath the eyes etc. 眼袋 3  a  a pocket-like receptacle in which marsupials carry their young during lactation (有袋类动物的)育儿袋b  any of several similar structures in various animals, e.g. in the cheeks of rodents 颊袋；喉囊 4  a soldier's leather ammunition bag (皮制)弹药袋 5  a lockable bag for mail or dispatches 邮袋；文件袋 6 Bot.  a bag-like cavity, esp. the seed vessel, in a plant 【植】囊；袋 ●v. tr.  1  put or make into a pouch 把…放入袋里；把…做成袋子 2  take possession of; pocket 占据；把…装进腰包 3  make (part of a dress etc.) hang like a pouch 像袋子似地悬挂(衣服等) □ pouched  adj.  □ pouchy  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norman French pouche: cf. POKE2]

pouf var.  of POOF1  POOF1 的变体

pouffe /pu:f/ n. (also 亦作 pouf)  a large firm cushion used as a low seat or footstool 厚实的大坐垫 [French pouf; ultimately imitative]

poulard /pu:ˈlɑ:d/ n.  a domestic hen that has been spayed and fattened for eating 肉用(阉)母鸡 [French poularde from poule ‘hen’]

poult1 /pəʊlt/ n.  a young domestic fowl, turkey, pheasant, etc. (家禽、火鸡、山鸡等的)幼禽，雏 [Middle English, contraction from PULLET]

poult2 /pu:lt, pʊlt/ n. (in full 全称 poult-de-soie /pu:dəˈswɑ:/)  a fine corded silk or taffeta, usu. coloured (常用彩色的)真丝棱纹绸；绉绸 [French, of unknown origin]

poulterer /ˈpəʊlt(ə)rə/ n. Brit.  a dealer in poultry and usu. game [英]禽贩子(通常指猎物贩子) [Middle English poulter from Old French pouletier (as PULLET)]

poultice /ˈpəʊltis/ n. & v. ●n.  a soft medicated and usu. heated mass applied to the body and kept in place with muslin etc., for relieving soreness and inflammation 膏药(用于缓解疼痛和炎症) ●v. tr.  apply a poultice to 在…上敷膏药 [originally pultes (pl.) from Latin puls pultis ‘pottage, pap’, etc.]

poultry /ˈpəʊltri/ n.  domestic fowls (ducks, geese, turkeys, chickens, etc.), esp. as a source of food (尤作为食用的)家禽(如鸭、鹅、火鸡、鸡等) [Middle English from Old French pouletrie (as POULTERER)]

pounce1 /paʊns/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  spring or swoop, esp. as in capturing prey (尤指捕获猎物时)猛扑，猛冲 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  a  make a sudden attack 突然袭击b  seize eagerly upon an object, remark, etc. 急忙抓住(物品、话语等)  pounced on what we said  马上抓住了我们说话的实质 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of pouncing 猛扑；猛冲 2  the claw or talon of a bird of prey (猎禽等的)利爪 □ pouncer  n.   [perhaps from PUNCHEON1]

pounce2 /paʊns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fine powder formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on unglazed paper (从前用来防止墨水洇开的)吸墨粉 2  powdered charcoal etc. dusted over a perforated pattern to transfer the design to the object beneath (印出图案花纹的)印花粉 ●v. tr.  1  dust with pounce 撒印花粉在…上 2  transfer (a design etc.) by use of pounce 用印花粉转印(图形等) 3  smooth (paper etc.) with pounce or pumice 用吸墨粉(浮石粉)磨光(纸等) □ pouncer  n.   [French ponce, poncer from Latin pumex PUMICE]

pouncet-box /ˈpaʊnsit/ n. archaic  a small box with a perforated lid for perfumes etc. [古义] (盖上戳有许多小孔的)香盒 [16th c.: perhaps originally erroneously from pounced (= perforated) box]

pound1 /paʊnd/ n.  1  a unit of weight equal to 16 oz avoirdupois (0.4536 kg), or 12 oz troy (0.3732 kg) 磅(重量单位)；常衡磅 (16 盎司，等于 0.4536 公斤)；金衡磅 (12 盎司，等于 0.3732 公斤) 2 (in full 全称 pound sterling) (pl. same 单复同 or pounds)  the chief monetary unit of the UK and several other countries 镑(英国和有些国家的主要货币单位) [Old English pund, ultimately from Latin pondo, a Roman pound weight of 12 ounces]

pound2 /paʊnd/ v.  1 tr.  a  crush or beat with repeated heavy blows 连续重击b  thump or pummel, esp. with the fists (尤指用拳头)捶击；揍c  grind to a powder or pulp 把…碾成细粉；把…舂烂 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on)  deliver heavy blows or gunfire 猛烈打击；猛烈开火 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 along etc.)  make one's way heavily or clumsily 步子沉重地走；费力地行进 4 intr. (of the heart) beat heavily (心脏)剧跳 □ pound out   produce with or as if with heavy blows (似)连续猛击□ pounder  n.   [Old English pūnian, related to Dutch puin, Low German pün ‘rubbish’]

pound3 /paʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an enclosure where stray animals or officially removed vehicles are kept until redeemed (走失动物的)待领场；(违规停车的)车辆扣押场 2  a place of confinement 拘留所 ●v. tr.  enclose (cattle etc.) in a pound 把(牛等)关在栏内 [Old English, of uncertain origin]

poundage /ˈpaʊndidʒ/ n.  1 Brit.  a commission or fee of so much per pound sterling or weight [英]每镑(或磅)收取的佣金(费用) 2 Brit.  a percentage of the total earnings of a business, paid as wages [英] (企业总收益中)工资所占的百分比 3  a person's weight, esp. that which is regarded as excess 体重(尤指超重)

poundal /ˈpaʊnd(ə)l/ n. Physics  a unit of force equal to the force required to give a mass of one pound an acceleration of one foot per second per second 【物理学】磅达(力的单位) [POUND1 + -al, perhaps suggested by quintal]

pound cake n.  a rich cake containing a pound (or equal weights) of each chief ingredient (各种主要成份为一磅或等量做成的)重油重糖蛋糕

pound coin n.  a coin worth one pound sterling 1 英镑硬币

pounder /ˈpaʊndə/ n. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  1  a thing or person weighing a specified number of pounds 重…磅的东西(或人)  a five-pounder  5 磅重 2  a gun carrying a shell of a specified number of pounds 发射…磅炮弹的大炮 3  a thing worth, or a person possessing, so many pounds sterling 值…英镑的东西；拥有…英镑的人

pound lock n.  a lock with two gates to confine water and often a side reservoir to maintain the water level (双门)拦河闸 [POUND3, in the sense ‘body of still water, pond’]

pound of flesh n.  any legitimate but crippling demand 合法但极不合理的要求 [with allusion to Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice]

pound Scots n. hist. 1s. 8d [史义]苏格兰镑(等于 1 先令 8 便士)

pound sign n.  the sign £ , representing a pound 1 英镑(£)符号

pound sterling  see 见 POUND1 2 

pour /pɔ:/ v.  1 intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, out, over, etc.)  flow or cause to flow esp. downwards in a stream or shower (尤指自上而下)注，倒 2 tr.  dispense (a drink, e.g. tea) by pouring 用倒来分(饮料，如茶) 3 intr. (of rain, or prec. by it as subject 指雨或前接 it 作主语)  fall heavily 倾注 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out, etc.)  come or go in profusion or rapid succession 不断涌来(出)；源源不断地输送  the crowd poured out  人群涌出 letters poured in  信件源源而来 poems poured from her fertile mind  一首首的诗从她富于灵感的心灵中源源不断地倾泻出来 5 tr.  discharge or send freely (连续不断地)射出；发出  poured forth arrows  射出箭 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter at length or in a rush 倾诉；倾吐  poured out their story  倾诉衷肠 □ it never rains but it pours   misfortunes rarely come singly 祸不单行□ pour cold water on   see 见 COLD □ pour oil on the waters (or on troubled waters)   calm a disagreement or disturbance, esp. with conciliatory words 平息风波(尤指用调解的言语)□ pour scorn on   see 见 SCORN □ pourable  adj.  □ pourer  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

pourboire /pʊəˈbwɑ:, 法 purbwar/ n.  a gratuity or tip 赏钱；小费 [French, = pour boire (money) for drinking]

poussin /ˈpu:sã/ n.  a young chicken bred for eating (食用的)雏鸡，童子鸡 [French]

pout1 /paʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  push the lips forward as an expression of displeasure or sulking 撅着嘴(表示不高兴或生气)b (of the lips) be pushed forward (嘴唇)撅起 2 tr.  push (the lips) forward in pouting 撅起(嘴唇) ●n.  1  such an action or expression 撅嘴 2 (作 the pouts)  a fit of sulking 不高兴 □ pouter  n.  □ poutingly  adv.  □ pouty  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps from an Old English word meaning ‘be inflated’: cf. POUT2]

pout2 /paʊt/ n.  1  = BIB1 3  2  = EELPOUT  [Old English -puta in œˉlepūta ‘eelpout’, from West Germanic]

pouter /ˈpaʊtə/ n.  1  a person who pouts 撅嘴生气的人 2  a kind of pigeon able to inflate its crop considerably 球胸鸽

poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n.  1  the state of being poor; want of the necessities of life 穷，贫困，(生活必需品的)缺乏 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, in)  scarcity or lack 贫乏，不足 3  inferiority, poorness, meanness 低劣；贫瘠；劣质 4 Eccl.  renunciation of the right to individual ownership of property 【教会】放弃个人财产所有权 [Middle English via Old French poverte, poverté from Latin paupertas -tatis, from pauper ‘poor’]

poverty line n.  the minimum income level needed to secure the necessities of life 贫困线，最低生活标准线

poverty-stricken adj.  extremely poor 极度贫穷的

poverty trap n. Brit.  a situation in which an increase of income incurs a loss of state benefits, making real improvement impossible [英]贫困陷阱(工资增加招致失去国家津贴，而使真正改善无望)

POW abbr.  prisoner of war [缩略]战俘

pow /paʊ/ int.  expressing the sound of a blow or explosion (破裂或爆炸声)啪！砰！  [imitative]

powder /ˈpaʊdə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a substance in the form of fine dry particles 粉末 2  a medicine or cosmetic in this form 药粉；化妆粉 3  = GUNPOWDER 1  ●v. tr.  1  a  apply powder to 搽粉于  powder one's nose  去盥洗室寻个方便b  sprinkle or decorate with or as with powder 撒粉于，扑粉打扮 2 (esp. as 尤作 powdered adj.)  reduce to a fine powder 细粉状的  powdered milk  奶粉 □ keep one's powder dry   be cautious and alert 时刻作好准备□ take a powder  slang  depart quickly [俚语]匆忙离开□ powdery  adj.   [Middle English via Old French poudre from Latin pulvis pulveris ‘dust’]

powder blue n. & adj. ●n.  pale blue 淡蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 淡蓝色的

powder flask n. hist.  a small case for carrying gunpowder [史义]火(弹)药小盒，火药筒

powder keg n.  1  a barrel of gunpowder 火药桶 2  a dangerous or volatile situation 一触即发的危险形势

powder metallurgy n.  the production of metals as fine powders which can be pressed and sintered to form objects 粉末冶金

powder monkey n. hist.  a boy employed on board ship to carry powder to the guns [史义] (军舰上雇用的)弹药搬运工(男孩)

powder puff n.  a soft pad for applying powder to the skin, esp. the face 粉扑

powder room n.  a women's cloakroom or lavatory in a public building (公共建筑物中)女盥洗室，女厕所

powder snow n.  loose dry snow on a ski run etc. (滑雪道等上的)粉状雪

power /ˈpaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the ability to do or act (做事或行为的)能力  will do all in my power  将尽我的能力去做一切 has the power to change colour  有办法去改变色彩 2  a particular faculty of body or mind (生理或精神上)某方面的才智，才能  lost the power of speech  失去了说话的能力 powers of persuasion  劝说本领 3  a  government, influence, or authority 政权；影响力；权势b  political or social ascendancy or control 统治地位，社会操纵力  the party in power  执政党 black power  黑人社会力量 4  authorization; delegated authority 授权  power of attorney  委任状 police powers  警察权限 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  personal ascendancy 个人权势 6  an influential person, group, or organization 有影响的人(团体、组织)  the press is a power in the land  新闻界在该国是有影响的机构 7  a  military strength 军事力量b  a state having international influence, esp. based on military strength (尤指军事上的)强国  the leading powers  主要强国 8  vigour, energy 精力；活力 9  an active property or function 特性；功能  has a high heating power  具有高热能 10 colloq.  a large number or amount [口]大量  has done me a power of good  使我获益匪浅 11  the capacity for exerting mechanical force or doing work 机力；动力  horsepower  马力 12  mechanical or electrical energy as distinct from hand-labour 机动(的)；电动(的) often 常作 attrib: power tools  电动工具 power steering  动力转向装置 13  a  a public supply of (esp. electrical) energy (尤指电)公用能源b  a particular source or form of energy 某种能源(或能源方式)  hydroelectric power  水力发电 14  a mechanical force applied e.g. by means of a lever 机械力(如利用杠杆) 15 Physics  the rate of energy output 【物理学】功率 16 Math.  the product obtained when a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times 【数】幂，乘方  2 to the power of 3 = 8  2 的 3 次方是 8 17  the magnifying capacity of a lens (透镜的)放大率 18  a  a deity 神灵b (in pl. 用复数)  the sixth order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n.) 掌权天使 (9 级天使中的第 6 级) ●v. tr.  1  supply with mechanical or electrical energy 给…提供动(电)能 2 (foll. by 后跟 up, down)  increase or decrease the power supplied to (a device); switch on or off 给(设备)增加(减少)动力；给…供能源(切断能源) □ in the power of   under the control of 在…的控制下□ more power to your elbow!  Brit.  an expression of encouragement or approval [英] (表示鼓励和赞同)祝成功；加油干□ power behind the throne   a person who asserts authority or influence without having formal status 太上皇；垂帘听政的人□ the powers that be   those in authority (after Rom. 13:1) 当局；掌权者(典自《罗马书》 13:1)□ powered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English & Anglo-French poer etc., Old French poeir, ultimately from Latin posse ‘be able’]

power-assisted adj. (esp. of steering and brakes in a motor vehicle) employing an inanimate source of power to assist manual operation (尤指汽车方向盘、刹车)利用动力(帮助操作)的

power base n.  a source of authority or support 权力基础；权力的支柱

power block n.  a group of nations constituting an international political force (国际)政治力量集团

powerboat /ˈpaʊəbəʊt/ n.  a powerful motor boat 机动艇，汽艇

power-broker n. esp. N. Amer.  a person who exerts influence or affects the equilibrium of political power by intrigue. [尤北美] (能施加影响并影响政治势力平衡的)政治掮客，权力经纪人 □ power-broking  n. & adj.  

power cut n.  a temporary withdrawal or failure of an electric power supply (临时性的)供电中断，停电

power-dive n. & v. ●n.  a steep dive of an aircraft with the engines providing thrust 带油门俯冲 ●v. intr.  perform a power-dive 作动力俯冲

powerful /ˈpaʊəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  having much power or strength 强有力的，力量大的 2  politically or socially influential 有权势的；有权威的 3  having a strong emotional effect (感情色彩)浓烈的  powerful drama  动人的戏剧 □ powerfully  adv.  □ powerfulness  n.  

powerhouse /ˈpaʊəhaʊs/ n.  1  = POWER STATION  2  a person or thing of great energy 身强力壮的人，强大的事物

powerless /ˈpaʊəlis/ adj.  1  without power or strength 无权势的，无力量的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  wholly unable 无能为力的  powerless to help  无力相助 □ powerlessly  adv.  □ powerlessness  n.  

power line n.  a conductor supplying electrical power, esp. one supported by pylons or poles 电力线，输电线

power of attorney n.  the authority to act for another person in legal or financial matters 代理权

power pack n.  1  a unit for supplying power 动力单元 2  the equipment for converting an alternating current (from the mains) to a direct current at a different (usu. lower) voltage (从电网的交流电转移到低压直流电的)电源组

power plant n.  an apparatus or an installation which provides power for industry, a machine, etc. 动力设备，发电装置

power play n.  1  tactics involving the concentration of players at a particular point 集中优势兵力的策略(战术) 2  similar tactics in business, politics, etc., involving a concentration of resources, effort, etc. (商业上)高压行动；(政治上)强权政治 3 Ice Hockey  play involving a formation of players adopted when the opponents are one or more players down 【冰球】(当对方有人被罚下时)集中力量进攻的打法

power point n. Brit.  a socket in a wall etc. for connecting an electrical device to the mains [英] (墙上的)电源插座

power politics n. pl. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  political action based on power or influence 强权政治

power-sharing n.  a policy agreed between parties or within a coalition to share responsibility for decision-making and political action 权力分享

power shovel n.  = MECHANICAL EXCAVATOR 

power station n.  a building where electrical power is generated for distribution 发电厂，发电站

power stroke n.  the stroke of an internal-combustion engine, in which the piston is moved downward by the expansion of gases 动力冲程

power tool n.  an electrically powered tool 电动工具

power train n. Mech. 【机】  1  the mechanism that transmits the drive from the engine of a vehicle to its axle 动力传动 2  this together with the engine and axle (包括发动机、驱动轴的)动力传动系

powwow /ˈpaʊwaʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  a conference or meeting for discussion (originally among N. American Indians) (源自北美印第安人的)议事会 ●v. intr.  hold a powwow 举行议事会 [Algonquian powah, powwaw ‘magician’ (literally ‘he dreams’)]

pox /pɒks/ n.  1  any virus disease producing a rash of pimples that become pus-filled and leave pockmarks on healing 痘；痘疮；脓疱 2 colloq. [口]  = SYPHILIS  3  a plant disease that causes pocklike spots (植物的)痘病 □ a pox on  archaic  an exclamation of anger or impatience with (a person) [古义]对(某人)表示愤怒(不耐烦) [alteration of spelling of pocks, pl. of POCK]

poxy /ˈpɒksi/ adj. (poxier, poxiest) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  infected by pox 患痘疮的 2 slang  of poor quality; worthless [俚语]劣质的；无价值的

Pozidriv /ˈpɒzidraiv/ n. propr.  a type of cross-head screwdriver [商标]一种十字螺丝刀

pozzolana /pɒtsəˈlɑ:nə/ n. (also 亦作 puzzolana)  a volcanic ash used for mortar or hydraulic cement (可制作水泥的)白榴火山灰 [Italian, from pozz(u)olano ‘(earth) of Pozzuoli’, a town near Naples]

p. & p. abbr. Brit.  postage and packing [缩略] [英]邮资及包装费

p.p. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 pp) per pro  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PER PRO. 见 PER PRO 的用法说明。 

pp abbr. [缩略]  pianissimo 

pp. abbr. [缩略]  pages 

PPARC abbr. (in the UK) Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council [缩略] (英国)高能物理天文学研究委员会

PPE abbr. Brit.  philosophy, politics, and economics (as a degree course at Oxford University) [缩略] [英] (作为牛津大学学位课程的)哲学、政治学和经济学

p.p.m. abbr.  parts per million [缩略]百万分之…

PPS abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  Parliamentary Private Secretary [英]政务次官 2  additional postscript 再附言

PR abbr. [缩略]  1  public relations 对外联络；公共关系 2  proportional representation (议会选举中的)比例代表制 3 US  Puerto Rico [美]波多黎各

Pr symb. Chem.  the element praseodymium [符]【化】(化学元素)镨

pr. abbr. [缩略]  pair 

PRA abbr. (in the UK) President of the Royal Academy [缩略] (英国)皇家艺术院院长

praam var.  of PRAM2  PRAM2 的变体

practicable /ˈpræktikəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be done or used 能实行的；可行的 2  possible in practice 实用的 □ practicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ practicableness  n.  □ practicably  adv.   [French praticable from pratiquer ‘put into practice’ (as PRACTICAL)]

practical /ˈpræktik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerned with practice or use rather than theory (有关)实践的，(有关)应用的 2  suited to use or action; designed mainly to fulfil a function 实用的，可行的，符合性能的  practical shoes  实用鞋 3 (of a person) (人)a  inclined to action rather than speculation; able to make things function well 讲究实际的；注重实效的b  skilled at manual tasks 心灵手巧的 4  a  that is such in effect, though not nominally 实际的  for all practical purposes  切合实际需要的b  virtual 实质上的  in practical control  实际控制权 5  feasible, realistic; concerned with what is actually possible 可实施的，切合实际的，注重实行的  practical politics  权术政治 practical solutions  切实可行的办法 ●n. Brit.  a practical examination or lesson [英]实用知识考试(课程) □ practicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ practicalness  n.   [earlier practic, via obsolete French practique or Late Latin practicus from Greek praktikos, from prassō ‘do, act’]

practical joke n.  a humorous trick played on a person 恶作剧 □ practical joker  n.  

practically /ˈpræktik(ə)li/ adv.  1  virtually, almost 实际上；差不多  practically nothing  几乎一无所有 2  in a practical way 从实际出发

practice /ˈpræktis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  habitual action or performance 惯常行为，习惯做法  the practice of teaching  教学上的习惯做法 makes a practice of saving  养成节俭的习惯 2  a habit or custom 习惯，惯例  has been my regular practice  是我的常规做法 3  a  repeated exercise in an activity requiring the development of skill (反复)练习  to sing well needs much practice  唱得好需要多练习b  a session of this 一段练习时间  they had a short practice  他们练习时间不长 4  action or execution as opposed to theory 实践；实行 5  the professional work or business of a doctor, lawyer, etc. (医生、律师等的)业务；医业；律师业  has a practice in town  在镇上有业务 6  an established method of legal procedure 诉讼程序 7  procedure generally, esp. of a specified kind (尤指特别的)常规  bad practice  坏习惯 ●v. tr. & intr. US var.  of PRACTISE [美] PRACTISE 的变体 □ in practice   1  when actually applied; in reality 在实践中，实际上 2  skilful because of recent exercise in a particular pursuit 熟练的□ out of practice   lacking a former skill from lack of recent practice (因久不练习而)生疏的□ put into practice   actually apply (an idea, method, etc.) 把(想法、方法等)付诸实践 [Middle English from PRACTISE, on the pattern of advice, device]

practician /prækˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a worker; a practitioner 从业者；开业者 [obsolete French practicien from practique, via medieval Latin practica from Greek praktikē, fem. of praktikos: see PRACTICAL]

practise /ˈpræktis/ v. (US [美] practice)  1 tr.  perform habitually; carry out in action 习惯性地去做，实践  practise the same method  经常以同样的方法做 practise what you preach  身体力行 2 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 in, on) intr.  do repeatedly as an exercise to improve a skill; exercise oneself in or on (an activity requiring skill) (反复)练习(某项活动)  had to practise in the art of speaking  必须练习说话艺术 practise your reading  训练阅读 3 tr. (as 作 practised adj.)  experienced, expert 经验丰富(的)，熟练(的)  a practised liar  惯于说谎的人 with a practised hand  熟练地 4 tr.  a  pursue or be engaged in (a profession, religion, etc.) 忙于；从事(职业)；实践(信仰)b (as 作 practising adj.)  currently active or engaged in (a profession or activity) 忙于(从事) (职业、活动)的  a practising Christian  虔诚的基督教徒 a practising lawyer  执业律师 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  take advantage of; impose upon 利用；占便宜 6 intr. archaic  scheme, contrive [古义]阴谋，策划  when first we practise to deceive  最初当我们策划行骗的时候 □ practiser  n.   [Middle English from Old French pra(c)tiser or medieval Latin practizare, alteration of practicare (as PRACTICAL)]

practitioner /prækˈtiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a person practising a profession, esp. medicine 开业者(尤指行医者)  general practitioner  普通开业医生 [obsolete practitian = PRACTICIAN]

prae- /pri:/ prefix  = PRE-(esp. in words regarded as Latin or relating to Roman antiquity) (尤指在拉丁词及与古代罗马有关的词前) [Latin: see PRE-]

praecipe /ˈpri:sipi/ n.  1  a writ demanding action or an explanation of non-action (要求做或说明不做理由的)原令状 2  an order requesting a writ (要求发出原令状的)申请笺 [Latin (the first word of the writ), imperative of praecipere ‘enjoin’: see PRECEPT]

praecocial var.  of PRECOCIAL  PRECOCIAL 的变体

praedial var.  of PREDIAL  PREDIAL 的变体

praemunire /pri:mju:ˈniəri/ n. hist.  a writ charging a sheriff to summon a person accused of asserting or maintaining papal jurisdiction in England [史义] (英国)传讯犯有蔑视王权罪被告的令状 [medieval Latin, = forewarn, for Latin praemonēre (as PRAE-, monēre ‘warn’): the words praemunire facias ‘that you warn’ (a person to appear) occur in the writ]

praenomen /pri:ˈnəʊmen/ n.  an ancient Roman's first or personal name (e.g. Marcus Tullius Cicero) (古罗马人的)第一个名字，本名(如 Marcus Tullius Cicero 中的 Marcus) [Latin, from prae ‘before’ + nomen ‘name’]

praepostor /priˈpɒstə/ n. (also 亦作 prepostor) Brit. (at some public schools) a prefect or monitor [英] (公学中的)级长，班长 [praepositor, alteration of Latin praepositus, past part. of praeponere ‘set over’ (as PRAE-, ponere posit- ‘place’)]

praesidium var.  of PRESIDIUM  PRESIDIUM 的变体

praetor /ˈpri:tə, -tɔ:/ n. (US also [美亦] pretor) Rom. Hist.  each of two ancient Roman magistrates ranking below consul [罗马]【史】行政长官 □ praetorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ praetorship  n.   [Middle English from French préteur or Latin praetor (perhaps as PRAE-, ire it- ‘go’)]

praetorian /pri:ˈtɔ:riən/ adj. & n. (US also [美亦] pretorian) Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  ●adj.  of or having the powers of a praetor 行政长官的；有行政长官权力的 ●n.  a man of praetorian rank 有行政长官职位的人 [Middle English from Latin praetorianus (as PRAETOR)]

praetorian guard n.  the bodyguard of the Roman emperor (古罗马皇帝的)禁卫军，御林军

pragmatic /præɡˈmætik/ adj.  1  dealing with matters with regard to their practical requirements or consequences 重实效的 2  treating the facts of history with reference to their practical lessons (以历史的经验教训对待史实的)实用历史观的 3 hist.  of or relating to the affairs of a state [史义]国事的；与国事有关的 4 (also 亦作 pragmatical)  a  concerning pragmatism 实用主义的b  meddlesome 好管闲事的c  dogmatic 固执己见的 □ pragmaticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ pragmatically  adv.   [Late Latin pragmaticus from Greek pragmatikos, from pragma -matos ‘deed’]

pragmatics /præɡˈmætiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of linguistics dealing with language in use 语用学

pragmatic sanction n. hist.  an imperial or royal ordinance issued as a fundamental law, esp. regarding a question of royal succession [史义] (构成基本法的)国事诏书(尤指与皇室继承权有关的)

pragmatism /ˈpræɡmətiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a pragmatic attitude or procedure 实用的观点(方法)；实用主义 2  a philosophy that evaluates assertions solely by their practical consequences and bearing on human interests 实用主义哲学 □ pragmatist  n.  □ pragmatistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.   [Greek pragma: see PRAGMATIC]

pragmatize /ˈpræɡmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  represent as real 使真实化 2  rationalize (a myth) 从现代科学道理阐释(神话)

Prague /prɑ:g/ n.  布拉格 [捷克首都]

prahu var.  of PROA  PROA 的变体

prairie /ˈprɛəri/ n.  a large area of usu. treeless grassland esp. in N. America (尤指北美无树)大草原 [French from Old French praerie, ultimately from Latin pratum ‘meadow’]

prairie chicken n. (also 亦作 prairie hen)  a N. American grouse, Tympanuchus cupido (北美)草原松鸡

prairie dog n.  any N. American rodent of the genus Cynomys, living in burrows and making a barking sound (北美)草原犬鼠(穴居，叫声如狗)

prairie oyster n.  a seasoned raw egg, often served in spirits and swallowed in one as a cure for a hangover 醒酒生鸡蛋

prairie schooner n. US  a covered wagon used by the 19th-c. pioneers in crossing the N. American prairies [美] (19 世纪移民越过北美大草原时乘坐的)大篷马车

prairie wolf n.  = COYOTE 

praise /preiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  express warm approval or admiration of 称赞，赞赏 2  glorify (God) in words (用言词)赞颂(神) ●n.  the act or an instance of praising; commendation 赞扬，表扬  won high praise  赢得高度赞扬 were loud in their praises  他们盛赞 □ praise be!   an exclamation of pious gratitude 谢天谢地！ □ sing the praises of   commend (a person) highly 盛赞(某人)□ praiseful  adj.  □ praiser  n.   [Middle English from Old French preisier ‘price, prize, praise’, via Late Latin pretiare from Latin pretium ‘price’: cf. PRIZE1]

praiseworthy /ˈpreizwɜ:ði/ adj.  worthy of praise; commendable 值得称赞的，可嘉许的 □ praiseworthily  adv.  □ praiseworthiness  n.  

Prakrit /ˈprɑ:krit/ n.  any of the (esp. ancient or medieval) vernacular dialects of North and Central India existing alongside or derived from Sanskrit 普拉克利特语(尤指古代及中世纪印度北部及中部的地方方言，来自梵语) [Sanskrit prɑˉkrta ‘unrefined, natural’: cf. SANSKRIT]

praline /ˈprɑ:li:n/ n.  a smooth sweet substance made by boiling nuts in sugar and used esp. as a filling for chocolates (尤指用作巧克力夹心的)果仁糖 [French, named after Marshal de Plessis-Praslin, French soldier d. 1675, whose cook invented it]

pralltriller /ˈpræltrilə/ n.  a musical ornament consisting of one rapid alternation of the written note with the note immediately above it 逆波音 [German, from prallen ‘rebound’ + Triller TRILL]

pram1 /præm/ n. Brit.  a four-wheeled carriage for a baby, pushed by a person on foot [英] (四轮手推)婴儿车 [abbreviation of PERAMBULATOR]

pram2 /prɑ:m, præm/ n. (also 亦作 praam)  1  a flat-bottomed gunboat or Baltic cargo boat 平底炮艇；波罗的海货船 2  a ship's dinghy (船上附带的)小舢板 [Middle Dutch prame, praem, Middle Low German prɑˉme, perhaps from Czech prɑˊm]

prana /ˈprɑ:nə/ n.  1 (in Hinduism) breath as a life-giving force (印度教)息 2  the breath; breathing 气息，呼吸 [Sanskrit]

prance /prɑ:ns/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (of a horse) raise the forelegs and spring from the hind legs (马)腾跃 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  walk or behave in an elated or arrogant manner 神气十足地行走，趾高气扬地行动 ●n.  1  the act of prancing 神气十足的行为 2  a prancing movement 昂首阔步 □ prancer  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

prandial /ˈprændiəl/ adj. formal or joc.  of or relating to dinner or lunch [正式] [诙]正餐的；与正餐有关的 [Latin prandium ‘meal’]

prang /præŋ/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. tr.  1  crash or damage (an aircraft or vehicle) 使坠毁；撞损(飞机或车辆) 2  bomb (a target) successfully 连续轰炸(目标) ●n.  the act or an instance of pranging (飞机、车辆的)碰撞，摔毁 [imitative]

prank /præŋk/ n.  a practical joke; a piece of mischief 恶作剧，作弄 □ prankish  adj.  □ pranksome  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

prankster /ˈpræŋkstə/ n.  a person fond of playing pranks 喜耍恶作剧者

prase /preiz/ n.  a translucent leek-green type of quartz 葱绿玉髓 [French via Latin prasius from Greek prasios ‘leek-green’, from prason ‘leek’]

praseodymium /preiziəˈdimiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in various minerals and used in catalyst mixtures (symbol 符 Pr) 【化】(化学元素)镨 [German Praseodym, from Greek prasios (see PRASE, from its green salts) + German Didym DIDYMIUM]

prat /præt/ n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit.  a silly or foolish person [英]笨蛋，傻瓜 2  the buttocks 屁股 [16th-c. slang (in sense 2): origin unknown]

prate /preit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  chatter; talk too much 喋喋不休，唠叨 2 intr.  talk foolishly or irrelevantly 说蠢话，吹嘘 3 tr.  tell or say in a prating manner 胡诌，瞎扯 ●n.  prating, idle talk 唠叨，空谈 □ prater  n.  □ prating  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German praten, probably imitative]

pratfall /ˈprætfɔ:l/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a fall on the buttocks 坐屁股墩 2  a humiliating failure 可耻的失败

pratie /ˈpreiti/ n. esp. Ir.  a potato [尤爱尔兰]土豆 [corruption]

pratincole /ˈprætiŋkəʊl/ n.  a fork-tailed insectivorous plover-like bird of the genus Glareola, living near water (食虫，似鸻，生活在水边的)林鹬 [modern Latin pratincola, from Latin pratum ‘meadow’ + incola ‘inhabitant’]

pratique /ˈpræti:k/ n.  a licence to have dealings with a port, granted to a ship after quarantine or on showing a clean bill of health (表明已通过检疫或无疫的)船只无疫通行证 [French, = practice, intercourse, via Italian pratica from medieval Latin practica: see PRACTICIAN]

prattle /ˈpræt(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr.  chatter or say in a childish or inconsequential way 喋喋不休；(小孩般)咿咿呀呀说话；闲扯 ●n.  1  childish chatter (小孩般)咿咿呀呀的话 2  inconsequential talk 闲扯 □ prattler  n.  □ prattling  adj.   [Middle Low German pratelen (as PRATE)]

prau var.  of PROA  PROA 的变体

prawn /prɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  any of various marine crustaceans, resembling a shrimp but usu. larger 对虾(似虾，但常比虾大) ●v. intr.  fish for prawns 捕对虾 □ come the raw prawn   see 见 RAW  [Middle English pra(y)ne, of unknown origin]

praxis /ˈpræksis/ n.  1  accepted practice or custom 习惯；常规 2  the practising of an art or skill (艺术、技能的)练习；实践 [medieval Latin from Greek, = doing, from prassō ‘do’]

pray /prei/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 for or to + infin. or that + clause)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  say prayers (to God etc.); make devout supplication (对神等)祈祷，祈求 2  a tr.  entreat, beseech 恳求，哀求b tr. & intr.  ask earnestly 请求  prayed to be released  恳求释放 3 int. (as 作 imper.) formal or joc.  please [正式] [诙]请  pray tell me  请告诉我 [Middle English from Old French preier via Late Latin precare from Latin precari ‘entreat’]

prayer1 /prɛə/ n.  1  a  a solemn request or thanksgiving to God or an object of worship 祈求，祷告  say a prayer  做祷告b  a formula or form of words used in praying 祷文，祷辞  the Lord's prayer  主祷文c  the act of praying 祈祷  be at prayer  正在祈祷d  a religious service consisting largely of prayers (宗教的)祈祷式  morning prayers  晨祷 2  a  an entreaty to a person 恳求b  a thing entreated or prayed for 所恳求(祈祷)的事物 □ not have a prayer  N. Amer. colloq.  have no chance (of success etc.) [北美口]没有(成功等)机会□ prayerless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French preiere, ultimately via Latin precarius ‘obtained by entreaty’ from prex precis ‘prayer’]

prayer2 /preiə/ n.  a person who prays 祷告人

prayer book n.  a book containing the forms of prayer in regular use, esp. the Book of Common Prayer 祈祷书(尤指英国国教祈祷书)

prayerful /ˈprɛəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) given to praying; devout (人)常作祈祷的，虔诚的 2 (of speech, actions, etc.) characterized by or expressive of prayer (说话、行动等)似祷告的；表示祷告的 □ prayerfully  adv.  □ prayerfulness  n.  

prayer mat n.  a small carpet used by Muslims when praying (穆斯林祈祷时用的)小跪毯

prayer shawl n.  = TALLITH 

prayer wheel n.  a revolving cylindrical box inscribed with or containing prayers, used esp. by Tibetan Buddhists (尤指喇嘛教用的)祈祷轮，地藏车(一种可旋转的柱形盒，上刻有祷文)

praying mantis  see 见 MANTIS 

pre- /pri:, pri/ prefix  before (in time, place, order, degree, or importance) (pre-Christmas 圣诞节前) (在时间、地点、次序、程度、重要性)前，在前 [from or suggested by Latin prae-, from prae (adv. & prep.)]

preach /pri:tʃ/ v.  1  a intr.  deliver a sermon or religious address 讲道，布道b tr.  deliver (a sermon); proclaim or expound (the Gospel etc.) 布(道)；宣讲(阐述) (福音等) 2 intr.  give moral advice in an obtrusive way 说教 3 tr.  advocate or inculcate (a quality or practice etc.) 竭力鼓吹；反复灌输(某种品质、或做法等) □ preach to the converted   commend an opinion to a person or persons already in agreement 对人(们)宣讲早已一致的观点□ preachable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French prechier from Latin praedicare ‘proclaim’, in ecclesiastical Latin ‘preach’ (as PRAE-, dicare ‘declare’)]

preacher /ˈpri:tʃə/ n.  a person who preaches, esp. a minister of religion 说教者(尤指传教牧师) [Middle English via Anglo-French prech(o)ur, Old French prech(e)or from ecclesiastical Latin praedicator (as PREACH)]

preachify /ˈpri:tʃifai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq.  preach or moralize tediously [口] (不厌其烦地)说教，(喋喋不休地)劝诫

preachment /ˈpri:tʃm(ə)nt/ n. usu. derog.  preaching, sermonizing [常贬]说教，布道

preachy /ˈpri:tʃi/ adj. (preachier, preachiest) colloq.  inclined to preach or moralize [口]喜欢说教的；好劝诫的 □ preachiness  n.  

pre-adolescent /ˌpri:ædəˈles(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a child) having nearly reached adolescence (小孩)青春前期的 2  of or relating to the two or three years preceding adolescence 青春期前二(三)年的 ●n.  a pre-adolescent child 青春前期的孩子 □ pre-adolescence  n.  

preamble /pri:ˈæmb(ə)l, ˈpri:-/ n.  1  a preliminary statement or introduction 导言，序 2  the introductory part of a statute or deed etc. (法规、契约等的)前言，开端 □ preambular  /-ˈæmbjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French preambule and medieval Latin praeambulum from Late Latin praeambulus ‘going before’ (as PRE-, AMBLE)]

preamp /ˈpri:æmp/ n.  = PREAMPLIFIER  [abbreviation]

preamplifier /pri:ˈæmplifaiə/ n.  an electronic device that amplifies a very weak signal (e.g. from a microphone or pick-up) and transmits it to a main amplifier (信号的)前置放大器 □ preamplified  adj.  

pre-arrange /pri:əˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  arrange beforehand 预先安排 □ pre-arrangement  n.  

preatomic /pri:əˈtɒmik/ adj.  existing or occurring before the use of atomic energy 原子能时代之前的，原子能使用之前的

Preb. abbr. [缩略]  Prebendary 

prebend /ˈpreb(ə)nd/ n.  1  = PREBENDARY 1  2 hist.  the stipend of a canon or member of chapter [史义]牧师的俸禄 3 hist.  a portion of land or tithe from which this is drawn [史义]牧师俸禄来源的地产 [Middle English via Old French prebende from Late Latin praebenda ‘pension’, neut. pl. gerundive of Latin praebēre ‘grant’, from prae ‘forth’ + habēre ‘hold’]

prebendal /priˈbend(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a prebend or a prebendary 牧师俸禄的；与牧师俸禄有关的；受俸牧师的；与受俸牧师有关的

prebendary /ˈpreb(ə)nd(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an honorary canon 名誉受俸牧师 2 hist.  the holder of a prebend [史义]受俸牧师 □ prebendaryship  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin praebendarius (as PREBEND)]

pre-book /pri:ˈbʊk/ v. tr.  book in advance 预订，预约 □ pre-bookable  adj.  

Precambrian /pri:ˈkæmbriən/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the earliest era of geological time from the formation of the earth to the first forms of life 前寒武纪的 ●n.  this era 前寒武纪

precancerous /pri:ˈkæns(ə)rəs/ adj.  tending to develop into cancer 可能癌变的

precarious /priˈkɛəriəs/ adj.  1  uncertain; dependent on chance 说不定的，碰机会的  makes a precarious living  过着缺吃少穿的日子 2  insecure, perilous 不稳定的，危险的  precarious health  健康状况不稳定 □ precariously  adv.  □ precariousness  n.   [Latin precarius: see PRAYER1]

pre-cast /pri:ˈkɑ:st/ adj. (of concrete) cast in its final shape before positioning (水泥)预浇的，预制的

precative /ˈprekətiv/ adj. (of a word or form) expressing a wish or request (言词或形式)祈求的；恳求的 [Late Latin precativus from precari ‘pray’]

precaution /priˈkɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an action taken beforehand to avoid risk or ensure a good result 预防，防备 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  the use of contraceptives [口]使用避孕药(工具) □ precautionary  adj.   [French précaution via Late Latin praecautio -onis from Latin praecavēre (as PRAE-, cavēre caut- ‘beware of’)]

precede /priˈsi:d/ v. tr.  1  a  come or go before in time, order, importance, etc. (时间、顺序或重要性上等)位于…之前  preceding generations  前几代 the preceding paragraph  前面一段 sons of barons precede baronets  男爵的儿子排在准男爵之前b  walk etc. in front of 在…前面走(等)  preceded by our guide  向导走在我们前面 2 (foll. by 后跟 by)  cause to be preceded 使先于…  must precede this measure by milder ones  采取该措施之前必须采取一些较温和的 [Old French preceder from Latin praecedere (as PRAE-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

precedence /ˈpresid(ə)ns, ˈpri:-, priˈsi:d(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 precedency /-(ə)nsi/)  1  priority in time, order, or importance, etc. (时间、顺序或重要性上等)领先，居前 2  the right of preceding others on formal occasions (正式场合)优先权 □ take precedence  (often foll. by 常后跟 over, of)  have priority (over) 在…之上，优于

precedent n. & adj. ●n. /ˈpresid(ə)nt/  a previous case or legal decision etc. taken as a guide for subsequent cases or as a justification 先例，前例 ●adj. /priˈsi:d(ə)nt, ˈpresi-/  preceding in time, order, importance, etc. (时间、顺序、重要性等上)在先的，在前的 □ precedently  /ˈpri:sid(ə)ntli, ˈpresi-/ adv.   [Middle English from Old French (n. & adj.) (as PRECEDE)]

precedented /ˈpresidentid/ adj.  having or supported by a precedent 有先例的；有前例可援的

precent /priˈsent/ v.  1 intr.  act as a precentor 领诵 2 tr.  lead the singing of (a psalm etc.) 领唱(赞美诗等) [back-formation from PRECENTOR]

precentor /priˈsentə/ n.  1  a person who leads the singing or (in a synagogue) the prayers of a congregation 领唱者，(犹太教堂里)祈祷领诵人 2  a minor canon who administers the musical life of a cathedral (教堂里)管理音乐的人 □ precentorship  n.   [French précenteur or Latin praecentor from praecinere (as PRAE-, canere ‘sing’)]

precept /ˈpri:sept/ n.  1  a command; a rule of conduct 命令，行为，准则 2  moral instruction 道德戒律  example is better than precept  身教胜于言教 3  a  a writ or warrant 敕令，令状b Brit.  an order for collection or payment of money under a local rate [英] (要求交纳地方税的)命令 □ preceptive  /priˈseptiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin praeceptum, neut. past part. of praecipere praecept - ‘warn, instruct’ (as PRAE-, capere ‘take’)]

preceptor /priˈseptə/ n. (fem. preceptress /-tris/)  a teacher or instructor 教师；导师 □ preceptorial  /pri:sepˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ preceptorship  n.   [Latin praeceptor (as PRECEPT)]

precession /priˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  the slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis 旋进 □ precessional  adj.   [Late Latin praecessio (as PRECEDE)]

precession of the equinoxes n.  1  the slow retrograde motion of equinoctial points along the ecliptic (二分点沿黄道缓慢逆行的)岁差 2  the resulting earlier occurrence of equinoxes in each successive sideral year (在每个连续的恒星年中)提早的岁差

pre-Christian /pri:ˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj.  before Christ or the advent of Christianity 公元前的，基督诞生以前的

precinct /ˈpri:siŋ(k)t/ n.  1  an enclosed or clearly defined area, e.g. around a cathedral, college, etc. (围成的)场地；(有明确界限的)区域(如教堂、学院墙以内的境域) 2  a specially designated area in a town, esp. with the exclusion of traffic (城市中特别规定的)区域(尤指禁止车辆通行的地域)  shopping precinct  商业区 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the surrounding area or environs 周围地区；郊区，近郊b  the boundaries 界限 4 US [美]  a  a subdivision of a county, city, etc., for police or electoral purposes (县、市等的)警察分管区；选区b colloq.  the police station of such a subdivision [口]分管区警方所在地c (in pl. 用复数)  a neighbourhood 邻近地区 [Middle English from medieval Latin praecinctum, neut. past part. of praecingere ‘encircle’ (as PRAE-, cingere ‘gird’)]

preciosity /preʃiˈɒsiti/ n.  over-refinement in art or language, esp. in the choice of words (艺术或语言的)过分风雅(尤指遣词方面) [Old French préciosité from Latin pretiositas, from pretiosus (as PRECIOUS)]

precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of great value or worth 宝贵的，贵重的 2  beloved; much prized 珍爱的，珍贵的  precious memories  珍贵的回忆 3  affectedly refined, esp. in language or manner (尤指语言、举止)过分讲究的，矫揉造作的 4 colloq. often iron. [口] [常讽]  a  considerable 可观的  a precious lot you know about it  对此你知道得相当多b  expressing contempt or disdain (表示蔑视)宝贝似的  you can keep your precious flowers  你把你的宝贝花儿好好留着吧 ●adv. colloq.  extremely, very [口]极其，非常  tried precious hard  竭尽全力地尝试 had precious little left  所剩无几 □ preciously  adv.  □ preciousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French precios from Latin pretiosus, from pretium ‘price’]

precious metals n. pl.  gold, silver, and platinum 贵金属(指金、银、铂)

precious stone n.  a piece of mineral having great value and visual appeal, esp. as used in jewellery (尤指珠宝中的)宝石

precipice /ˈpresipis/ n.  1  a vertical or steep face of a rock, cliff, mountain, etc. (岩石、悬崖、山脉等的)悬崖，峭壁 2  a dangerous situation 险境 [French précipice or Latin praecipitium ‘falling headlong, precipice’ (as PRECIPITOUS)]

precipitant /priˈsipit(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = PRECIPITATEadj.  ●n. Chem.  a substance that causes another substance to precipitate 【化】沉淀剂 □ precipitance  n.  □ precipitancy  n.   [obsolete French précipitant, pres. part. of précipiter (as PRECIPITATE)]

precipitate v., adj. & n. ●v. tr. /priˈsipiteit/  1  hasten the occurrence of; cause to occur prematurely 加速；使提前发生 2 (foll. by 后跟 into)  send rapidly into a certain state or condition 使突然陷入某种状态(情况)  were precipitated into war  突然陷入战争 3  throw down headlong 把…猛然扔下 4 Chem.  cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution 【化】使(物质)淀析 5 Physics 【物理学】  a  cause (dust etc.) to be deposited from the air on a surface 使(灰尘等)沉降b  condense (vapour) into drops and so deposit it 使(水汽)凝结成珠而落下 ●adj. /priˈsipitət/  1  headlong; violently hurried 迅猛的；急速的  precipitate departure  匆忙离去 2 (of a person or act) hasty, rash, inconsiderate (人或行为)匆忙的；轻率的；考虑不周的 ●n. /priˈsipitət, -teit/  1 Chem.  a substance precipitated from a solution 【化】沉淀物 2 Physics  moisture condensed from vapour by cooling and depositing, e.g. rain or dew 【物理学】凝结物(如雨或露) □ precipitable  /priˈsipitəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ precipitability  /priˌsipitəˈbiliti/ n.  □ precipitately  /priˈsipitətli/ adv.  □ precipitateness  /priˈsipitətnis/ n.  □ precipitator  /priˈsipiteitə/ n.   [Latin praecipitare praecipitat- from praeceps praecipitis ‘headlong’ (as PRAE-, caput ‘head’)]

precipitation /priˌsipiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of precipitating or the process of being precipitated 加速，加速过程 2  rash haste 仓促，匆忙 3  a  rain or snow etc. falling to the ground (雨、雪等)降落b  a quantity of this (雨、雪等)降水量 [French précipitation or Latin praecipitatio (as PRECIPITATE)]

precipitous /priˈsipitəs/ adj.  1  a  of or like a precipice 陡峭的，如同绝壁的b  dangerously steep 险峻的 2  = PRECIPITATEadj.  □ precipitously  adv.  □ precipitousness  n.   [obsolete French précipiteux from Latin praeceps (as PRECIPITATE)]

precise /priˈsais/ adj.  1  a  accurately expressed; exact in statement 表达精确的，叙述准确的  precise description  准确的描述 to be precise, ...  确切地讲…b  exact in measurement, value, etc. (计量、价值等)精密的，确切的  a precise quote for installation  设备的精确牌价 2  punctilious; scrupulous in being exact, observing rules, etc. 严谨的，审慎的；(遵守规则等)刻板的，一丝不苟的 3  identical, same 同一的，同样的  at that precise moment  恰恰在那个时刻 □ preciseness  n.   [French précis -ise from Latin praecidere praecis- ‘cut short’ (as PRAE-, caedere ‘cut’)]

precisely /priˈsaisli/ adv.  1  in a precise manner; exactly 精确地，准确地 2 (as a reply) quite so; as you say (作为回答)正是，对

precisian /priˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  a person who is rigidly precise or punctilious, esp. in religious observance 照章办事的人，(尤指宗教方面)恪守教规的人 □ precisianism  n.  

precision /priˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the condition of being precise; accuracy 精确(性)，准确(性) 2  the degree of refinement in measurement etc. (计量等的)精密(度) 3 (作 attrib.)  marked by or adapted for precision 精确的，精密的  precision instruments  精密仪器 precision timing  精确的定时 □ precisionism  n.  □ precisionist  n. & adj.   [French précision or Latin praecisio (as PRECISE)]

preclassical /pri:ˈklæsik(ə)l/ adj.  before a period regarded as classical, esp. in music and literature (尤指音乐、文学)前古典派的

preclinical /pri:ˈklinik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to the first, chiefly theoretical, stage of a medical education (关于)医学临床学习阶段前的，医学基础科学的 2 (of a stage in a disease) before symptoms can be identified (疾病)临诊前期的

preclude /priˈklu:d/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 from)  prevent, exclude 防止，阻止  precluded from taking part  阻止参加 2  make impossible; remove 使不可能，除去  so as to preclude all doubt  为了消除所有疑虑 □ preclusion  /-ˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ preclusive  /-ˈklu:siv/ adj.   [Latin praecludere praeclus- (as PRAE-, claudere ‘shut’)]

precocial /priˈkəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 praecocial) ●adj. (of a bird) having young that can feed themselves as soon as they are hatched (鸟)刚孵出就能自行觅食的 ●n.  a precocial bird (cf. 参见 ALTRICIAL) 刚孵出就能自行觅食的小鸟

precocious /priˈkəʊʃəs/ adj.  1 often derog. (of a person, esp. a child) prematurely developed in some faculty or characteristic [常贬] (指人，尤指小孩)早熟的 2 (of an action etc.) indicating such development (行为等)少年老成的 3 (of a plant) flowering or fruiting early (植物)早开花(结果)的 □ precociously  adv.  □ precociousness  n.  □ precocity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n.   [Latin praecox -cocis from praecoquere ‘ripen fully’ (as PRAE-, coquere ‘cook’)]

precognition /pri:kɒɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (supposed) foreknowledge, esp. of a supernatural kind (想像中的)预知(尤指超自然的) 2 Sc.  the preliminary examination of witnesses etc., esp. to decide whether there is ground for a trial [苏格兰] (尤指决定是否有证据审判的)预审(笔录) □ precognitive  /-ˈkɒɡnitiv/ adj.   [Late Latin praecognitio (as PRE-, COGNITION)]

pre-coital /pri:ˈkəʊit(ə)l/ adj.  preceding sexual intercourse 性交前的 □ pre-coitally  adv.  

pre-Columbian /pri:kəˈlʌmbiən/ adj.  before the arrival in America of Columbus 哥伦布到达美洲前的

preconceive /pri:kənˈsi:v/ v. tr.  form (an idea or opinion etc.) beforehand 事先构成(想法、看法等)

preconception /pri:kənˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a preconceived idea 事先构成的想法；先入之见，成见 2  a prejudice 偏见

preconcert /pri:kənˈsɜ:t/ v. tr.  arrange or organize beforehand 事先安排，提前组织

precondition /pri:kənˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  a prior condition, that must be fulfilled before other things can be done 前提，先决条件 ●v. tr.  bring into a required condition beforehand 使事先有准备

preconize /ˈpri:kənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  proclaim or commend publicly (公开)宣布，表扬 2  summon by name 指名召唤 3 RC Ch. (of the Pope) approve publicly the appointment of (a bishop) 【天主教】(教皇)当众宣布批准(主教)的任命 □ preconization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via medieval Latin praeconizare from Latin praeco -onis ‘herald’]

preconscious /pri:ˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. & n. Psychol. 【心】  ●adj.  1  preceding consciousness 前意识的 2  of or associated with a part of the mind below the level of immediate conscious awareness, from which memories and emotions can be recalled (关于)下意识的 ●n.  this part of the mind 前意识 □ preconsciousness  n.  

pre-cook /pri:ˈkʊk/ v. tr.  cook in advance 将(食品)预先烹调

pre-cool /pri:ˈku:l/ v. tr.  cool in advance 预冷

precordial /pri:ˈkɔ:diəl/ adj.  in front of or about the heart 心前的，心前区的

precostal /pri:ˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj.  in front of the ribs 肋(骨)前的

precursor /priˈkɜ:sə/ n.  1  a  a forerunner 先驱b  a person who precedes in office etc. 前辈；前任 2  a harbinger 先兆 3  a substance from which another is formed by decay or chemical reaction etc. (由于腐烂及化学反应等而从中产生变化的)产物母体 [Latin praecursor from praecurrere praecurs- (as PRAE-, currere ‘run’)]

precursory /priˈkɜ:s(ə)ri/ adj. (also 亦作 precursive /-siv/)  1  preliminary, introductory 预备的，初步的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  serving as a harbinger of 先兆的 [Latin praecursorius (as PRECURSOR)]

pre-cut /pri:ˈkʌt/ v. tr. (-cutting; past and past part. -cut)  cut in advance 预制；预切

predacious /priˈdeiʃəs/ adj. (also 亦作 predaceous)  1 (of an animal) predatory (动物)食肉的 2  relating to such animals 关于食肉动物的  predacious instincts  食肉动物的天性 □ predaciousness  n.  □ predacity  /-ˈdæsiti/ n.   [Latin praeda ‘booty’: cf. audacious]

pre-date /pri:ˈdeit/ v. tr.  exist or occur at a date earlier than 早于，先于

predation /priˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = DEPREDATION  2 Zool.  the natural preying of one animal on others 【动】(动物的)捕食习性 [Latin praedatio -onis ‘taking of booty’ from praeda ‘booty’]

predator /ˈpredətə/ n.  1  an animal naturally preying on others 捕食其他动物为生的动物 2  a rapacious, exploitative person, state, etc. 掠夺剥削成性的人(国家等) [Latin praedator ‘plunderer’, via praedari ‘seize as plunder’ from praeda ‘booty’]

predatory /ˈpredət(ə)ri/ adj.  1 (of an animal) preying naturally upon others (动物)以捕食其他动物为生的 2 (of a nation, state, or individual) exploitative; rapacious (民族、国家或个人)剥削的，掠夺的 □ predatorily  adv.  □ predatoriness  n.   [Latin praedatorius (as PREDATOR)]

predecease /pri:diˈsi:s/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  die earlier than (another person) 死于(他人)之前 ●n.  a death preceding that of another 早死，先死

predecessor /ˈpri:disesə/ n.  1  a former holder of an office or position with respect to a later holder 前任，前辈  my immediate predecessor  我的直接前任 2  an ancestor 祖先 3  a thing to which another has succeeded (被取代的)原先的东西  the new plan will share the fate of its predecessor  新计划和原先的计划具有同样的命运 [Middle English via Old French predecesseur from Late Latin praedecessor (as PRAE-, decessor ‘retiring officer’, as DECEASE)]

pre-decimal /pri:ˈdesim(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a time before the introduction of a decimal system, esp. of coinage (时间)在十进制(尤指十进位硬币制)之前的，与十进制之前有关的

predella /priˈdelə/ n.  1  an altar step, or raised shelf at the back of an altar 祭坛台阶；祭坛背壁座架 2  a painting or sculpture on this, or any picture forming an appendage to a larger one esp. beneath an altarpiece 祭坛背壁装饰绘画(雕刻)；(尤指祭坛背壁装饰画下部的大型绘画的)附饰画 [Italian, = stool]

predestinarian /priˌdestiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who believes in predestination 宿命论者 ●adj.  of or relating to predestination 宿命论的，与宿命论有关的

predestinate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /pri:ˈdestineit/  = PREDESTINE  ●adj. /pri:ˈdestinət/  predestined 命里注定的 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin praedestinare praedestinat- (as PRAE-, destinare ‘establish’)]

predestination /pri:ˌdestiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. Theol. (as a belief or doctrine) the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, esp. with regard to the salvation of some and not others 【神】(作为信仰或教义)死后归宿(得救)预定论，宿命论 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin praedestinatio (as PREDESTINATE)]

predestine /pri:ˈdestin/ v. tr.  1  determine beforehand 预先确定 2  ordain in advance by divine will or as if by fate (仿佛)命中注定 [Middle English from Old French predestiner or ecclesiastical Latin praedestinare PREDESTINATE v.]

predetermine /pri:diˈtɜ:min/ v. tr.  1  determine or decree beforehand 预先决定，预先确定 2  predestine 命定，注定 □ predeterminable  adj.  □ predeterminate  /-nət/ adj.  □ predetermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin praedeterminare (as PRAE-, DETERMINE)]

predeterminer /pri:diˈtɜ:minə/ n. Gram.  a word or phrase that occurs before a determiner, generally quantifying the noun group, e.g. both, all, a lot of 【语法】前限定词(短语) (如 both 、 all 、 a lot of)

predial /ˈpri:diəl/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 praedial) hist. [史义] ●adj.  1  a  of land or farms 土地的；农业的b  rural, agrarian 乡村的，土地的c (of a slave, tenant, etc.) attached to farms or the land (奴隶、佃农等)隶属于农田的，隶属于土地的 2 (of a tithe) consisting of agricultural produce (什一税)包括农产品的 ●n.  a predial slave 农奴 [medieval Latin praedialis from Latin praedium ‘farm’]

predicable /ˈpredikəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may be predicated or affirmed 可断言的；可肯定的 ●n.  1  a predicable thing 可断言的事物 2 (in pl. 用复数) Logic  the five classes to which predicates belong: genus, species, difference, property, and accident 【逻辑学】谓项(指类、种、特异性、固有性、偶然性五大谓项之一) □ predicability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin praedicabilis ‘that may be affirmed’ (as PREDICATE)]

predicament /priˈdikəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation 困境；窘况；尴尬境地 2 Philos.  a category in (esp. Aristotelian) logic 【哲学】范畴(尤指亚里斯多德的十大范畴) [Middle English (in sense 2) from Late Latin praedicamentum ‘thing predicated’: see PREDICATE]

predicant /ˈpredik(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. hist. (of a religious order, esp. the Dominicans) engaged in preaching [史义] (宗教界尤指多明我会修道士)说教的 ●n.  1 hist.  a predicant person, esp. a Dominican friar [史义]说教者(尤指多明我会修道士) 2 S. Afr. [南非]  = PREDIKANT  [Latin praedicans, part. of praedicare (as PREDICATE)]

predicate v. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈpredikeit/  1  assert (something) about the subject of a proposition 断定(某事) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  found or base (a statement etc.) on 使(声明等)依据于，使基于 ●n. /ˈpredikət/  1 Gram.  what is said about the subject of a sentence etc. (e.g. went home in John went home) 【语法】谓语(如 John went home 中的 went home) 2 Logic 【逻辑学】  a  what is predicated 谓项b  what is affirmed or denied of the subject by means of the copula (e.g. mortal in all men are mortal) 宾词(如 all men are mortal 中的 mortal) □ predication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin praedicare praedicat- ‘proclaim’ (as PRAE-, dicare ‘declare’)]

predicative /priˈdikətiv/ adj.  1 Gram. (of an adjective or noun) forming or contained in the predicate, as old in the dog is old (but not in the old dog) and house in there is a large house (opp. 反义 ATTRIBUTIVE) 【语法】(组成谓语的，或谓语中含有的形容词或名词)表语性谓语的(如 the dog is old 中的 old, 并非 the old dog 中的 old, 以及 there is a large house 中的 house) 2  that predicates 作出断言(断定)的 □ predicatively  adv.   [Latin praedicativus (as PREDICATE)]

predict /priˈdikt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  make a statement about the future; foretell, prophesy 预言，预料，预告 □ predictive  adj.  □ predictively  adv.  □ predictor  n.   [Latin praedicere praedict- (as PRAE-, dicere ‘say’)]

predictable /priˈdiktəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be predicted or is to be expected 可预言的，可预报的 2 (of a person) likely to behave in a way that is easy to predict (人)墨守成规的，很可能以容易被预测到的方式行事的 □ predictability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ predictably  adv.  

prediction /priˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the art of predicting or the process of being predicted 预言，预言方法(过程) 2  a thing predicted; a forecast 所预料的事物，预报 [Latin praedictio -onis (as PREDICT)]

predigest /pri:diˈdʒest, -dai-/ v. tr.  1  render (food) easily digestible before being eaten 把(食物)弄得容易消化 2  make (reading matter) easier to read or understand 使(阅读材料)简化易懂，简写 □ predigestion  /-ˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  

predikant /prediˈkænt, 荷 ˌpreidi:ˈkɑ:nt/ n. S. Afr.  a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church [南非] (荷兰新教教会的)牧师 [Dutch (as PREDICANT)]

predilection /pri:diˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a preference or special liking 偏爱，喜好 [French prédilection, ultimately from Latin praediligere praedilect- ‘prefer’ (as PRAE-, diligere ‘select’: see DILIGENT)]

predispose /pri:diˈspəʊz/ v. tr.  1  influence favourably in advance 使…事先有倾向 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, or to + infin.)  render liable or inclined beforehand 使易于接受；使事先倾向于 □ predisposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  

prednisone /ˈprednizəʊn/ n.  a synthetic drug similar to cortisone, used to relieve rheumatic and allergic conditions and to treat leukaemia 泼尼松；强的松(似可的松) [perhaps from pregnant + diene + cortisone]

predominant /priˈdɒminənt/ adj.  1  predominating 占主导地位的 2  being the strongest or main element 强有力的，主要的，占优势的 □ predominance  n.  □ predominantly  adv.  

predominate /priˈdɒmineit/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 over)  have or exert control 支配，统治 2  be superior 占优势 3  be the strongest or main element; preponderate 占主导地位，主宰  a garden in which dahlias predominate  大丽花最多的花园 [medieval Latin praedominari (as PRAE-, DOMINATE)]

predominately /priˈdɒminətli/ adv.  = PREDOMINANTLY(see 见 PREDOMINANT)  [rare predominate (adj.) = PREDOMINANT]

predoom /pri:ˈdu:m/ v. tr.  doom beforehand 命中注定，预先宣判

predorsal /pri:ˈdɔ:s(ə)l/ adj.  in front of the dorsal region 背前区的

predynastic /ˌpri:diˈnæstik, -dai-/ adj.  of or relating to a period before the normally recognized dynasties (esp. of ancient Egypt) (尤指古埃及)王朝统治以前的，关于王朝统治以前的

pre-echo /pri:ˈekəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a faint copy heard just before an actual sound in a recording, caused by the accidental transfer of signals 前回声(唱片放音时先于正式放声的微弱声音) 2  a foreshadowing 预示

pre-eclampsia /pri:iˈklæm(p)siə/ n.  a condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and other symptoms associated with eclampsia 先兆子痫 □ pre-eclamptic  adj. & n.  

pre-elect /pri:iˈlekt/ v. tr.  elect beforehand 预选

pre-election /pri:iˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  an election held beforehand 预选 ●attrib. adj.  done, given, or existing, before an election 选举前的

pre-embryo /pri:ˈembriəʊ/ n. Med.  a human embryo in the first fourteen days after fertilization 【医】胚胎前期(尤指受精后 14 天之内的人体胚胎) □ pre-embryonic  /-ˈɒnik/ adj.  

pre-eminent /pri:ˈeminənt/ adj.  1  excelling others 超群的 2  outstanding; distinguished in some quality 杰出的，卓越的 □ pre-eminence  n.  □ pre-eminently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin praeeminens (as PRAE-, EMINENT)]

pre-empt /pri:ˈem(p)t/ v.  1 tr.  a  forestall 预先制止b  acquire or appropriate in advance 抢先得到，抢先占有 2 tr.  prevent (an attack) by disabling the enemy (使敌人失去战斗力从而)阻止(进攻) 3 tr.  obtain by pre-emption 抢先取得，抢先购买 4 tr. US  take for oneself (esp. public land) so as to have the right of pre-emption [美] (为取得优先购买权而)占有(尤指公地) 5 intr. Bridge  make a pre-emptive bid 【桥牌】先发制人地叫牌 □ pre-emptor  n.   [back-formation from PRE-EMPTION]■Usage 用法说明 Pre-empt is sometimes used to mean ‘prevent’, but this is considered incorrect in standard English. Pre-empt 有时作“阻止”解，然而在标准英语中，这种解释被认为不正确。 

pre-emption /pri:ˈem(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the purchase or appropriation by one person or party before the opportunity is offered to others (个人或团体)优先购买(占有)b  the right to purchase (esp. N. Amer. & Austral. hist. public land) in this way. [尤北美澳] [史义]优先购买(公地)权 2  prior appropriation or acquisition 先占，优先得到 3 Mil.  the action or strategy of making a pre-emptive attack 【军】先发制人的行动(战略) [medieval Latin praeemptio (as PRAE-, emere empt- ‘buy’)]

pre-emptive /pri:ˈem(p)tiv/ adj.  1  pre-empting; serving to pre-empt 优先购买的，预先采取行动的 2 (of military action) intended to prevent attack by disabling the enemy (军事行动)先发制人的  a pre-emptive strike  先发制人的打击 3 Bridge (of a bid) intended to be high enough to discourage further bidding 【桥牌】(叫牌)故意抬高的

preen /pri:n/ v. tr. & refl.  1 (of a bird) tidy (the feathers or itself) with its beak (指鸟)用喙整理(羽毛或自身) 2 (of a person) smarten or admire (oneself, one's hair, clothes, etc.) (指人)打扮，夸耀(自己、自己的头发、衣服等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  congratulate or pride (oneself) 欣赏(自己)，使(自己)洋洋得意 □ preener  n.   [Middle English, apparently variant of earlier prune, ultimately as PRO-1, Latin ungere ‘anoint’: associated with Scots & dialect preen ‘pierce, pin’, from the ‘pricking’ action of the bird's beak]

pre-engage /pri:inˈɡeidʒ, -en-/ v. tr.  engage beforehand 预约，预先占用 □ pre-engagement  n.  

preen gland n.  a gland situated at the base of a bird's tail and producing oil used in preening (鸟的)尾羽腺

pre-establish /pri:iˈstæbliʃ, pri:e-/ v. tr.  establish beforehand 预先建立(制定)

pre-exist /pri:iɡˈzist, -eɡ-/ v. intr. & tr.  1  exist at an earlier time 先生存(存在) 2 tr.  exist earlier than 先于…而存在(生存) □ pre-existence  n.  □ pre-existent  adj.  

pref. abbr. [缩略]  1  preface  2  a  preference b  preferred 

prefab /ˈpri:fæb/ n. colloq.  a prefabricated building [口]预制装配式建筑 often 常作 attrib.: prefab houses  预制房屋 [abbreviation]

prefabricate /pri:ˈfæbrikeit/ v. tr.  1  manufacture sections of (a building etc.) prior to their assembly on a site (建筑等的)预制件生产 2  produce in an artificially standardized way 标准化地预制 □ prefabrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

preface /ˈprefəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an introduction to a book stating its subject, scope, etc. 前言 2  the preliminary part of a speech (发言的)开场白 3 Eccl.  the introduction to the central part of the Eucharistic service 【教会】(弥撒的)序诵 ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 with)  introduce or begin (a speech or event) 用…作为(发言)的开场白，作为(事情)的开端  prefaced my remarks with a warning  用一句告诫作为我发言的开场白 2  provide (a book etc.) with a preface 给(书等)加前言 3 (of an event etc.) lead up to (another) (一个事件等)导致(另一事件等) □ prefatorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ prefatory  /-t(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin praefatia, for Latin praefatio from praefari (as PRAE-, fari ‘speak’)]

prefect /ˈpri:fekt/ n.  1  a  a chief officer, magistrate, or governor 长官，地方行政长官，省长b  the chief administrative officer of a department in France (法国)部门高级行政长官 2 esp. Brit.  a senior pupil in a school etc. authorized to enforce discipline [尤英] (学校中维持秩序的)级长，班长 3 Rom. Hist.  a senior magistrate or military commander [罗马]【史】资深的行政长官，司令官 □ prefectoral  /-ˈfekt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ prefectorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin praefectus, past part. of praeficere ‘set in authority over’ (as PRAE-, facere ‘make’)]

prefecture /ˈpri:fektjʊə/ n.  1  a district under the government of a prefect 专区，府，县 2  a  a prefect's office or tenure 地方行政长官的职位(任期)b  the official residence of a prefect 地方行政长官的官邸 □ prefectural  /priˈfektʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.   [French préfecture or Latin praefectura (as PREFECT)]

prefer /priˈfɜ:/ v. tr. (preferred, preferring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  choose rather; like better 宁愿选择(其中之一)，更喜欢  would prefer to stay  宁愿留下 prefers coffee to tea  喜欢咖啡不喜欢茶 2  submit (information, an accusation, etc.) for consideration 提出(控告、指责等) 3  promote or advance (a person) 提升，提拔(某人) [Middle English via Old French preferer from Latin praeferre (as PRAE-, ferre lat- ‘bear’)]

preferable /ˈpref(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  to be preferred 更可取的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  more desirable 更合意的 □ preferability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ preferably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Preferable to means ‘more desirable than’, and should, therefore, be intensified by far, greatly, or much, rather than more, e.g. Travelling by train is far/ greatly/ much preferable to driving. Preferable to 意味着“比 … 更合意”，因此用 far ， greatly 或 much 来加强语气，而不用 more ，如 : Travelling by train is far / great/ much preferable to driving (坐火车旅游比开车旅游更好一些)。 

preference /ˈpref(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of preferring or being preferred 更加喜爱；偏爱 2  a thing preferred 偏爱的事物 3  a  the favouring of one person etc. before others 喜爱某人(等)甚于喜爱他人b Commerce  the favouring of one country by admitting its products at a lower import duty 【商业】(对某国降低进口关税的)优惠 4 Law  a prior right, esp. to the payment of debts 【法律】(债务的)优先偿还权 □ in preference to   as a thing preferred over (another) 宁要某物而不取(另一个) [French préférence from medieval Latin praeferentia (as PREFER)]

preference share n. (US [美] preferred share)  a share whose entitlement to dividend takes priority over that of an ordinary share 优先股

preference stock n. Brit. [英] (also US [亦美] preferred stock)  = PREFERENCE SHARE 

preferential /prefəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or involving preference 优惠的，优先的  preferential treatment  优待 2  giving or receiving a favour 给予优先的，得到优先的 3 Commerce (of a tariff etc.) favouring particular countries 【商业】(关税等)特惠的 4 (of voting) in which the voter puts candidates in order of preference (选举)按照优先顺序排列的 □ preferentially  adv.   [PREFERENCE, on the pattern of differential]

preferment /priˈfɜ:m(ə)nt/ n.  promotion to office 晋升

preferred share US var.  of PREFERENCE SHARE [美] PREFERENCE SHARE 的变体

preferred stock US var.  of PREFERENCE STOCK [美] PREFERENCE STOCK 的变体

prefigure /pri:ˈfiɡə/ v. tr.  1  represent beforehand by a figure or type (通过图表或模型)预示 2  imagine beforehand 预想 □ prefiguration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prefigurative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ prefigurement  n.   [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin praefigurare (as PRAE-, FIGURE)]

prefix /ˈpri:fiks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a verbal element placed at the beginning of a word to adjust or qualify its meaning (e.g. 如 ex-, non-, re-) or (in some languages) as an inflectional formative 前缀，(某些语言中的)屈折变化的构词成分 2  a title placed before a name (e.g. 如 Mr) (人名前的)称谓 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  add as an introduction 加…作为前言 2  join (a word or element) as a prefix 加(词、成分)作为前缀 □ prefixation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prefixion  /-ˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.   [earlier as verb: Middle English from Old French prefixer (as PRE-, FIX): the noun from Latin praefixum]

pre-flight /ˈpri:flait/ attrib. adj.  occurring or provided before an aircraft flight 飞行前的

preform /pri:ˈfɔ:m/ v. tr.  form beforehand 预先形成 □ preformation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

preformative /pri:ˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  forming beforehand 预先形成的 2  prefixed as the formative element of a word (作为构词成分)成为前缀的 ●n.  a preformative syllable or letter 前缀

prefrontal /pri:ˈfrʌnt(ə)l/ adj.  1  in front of the frontal bone of the skull 前额的 2  in the forepart of the frontal lobe of the brain 额叶前部的

preglacial /pri:ˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj.  before a glacial period 冰河期前的

pregnable /ˈpreɡnəb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be captured etc.; not impregnable 易占领的，可攻克的；可受孕的 [Middle English from Old French prenable ‘takable’: see IMPREGNABLE1]

pregnancy /ˈpreɡnənsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the condition or an instance of being pregnant 怀孕，妊娠

pregnant /ˈpreɡnənt/ adj.  1 (of a woman or female animal) having a child or young developing in the uterus (妇女、雌性动物)怀孕的，怀胎的 2  full of meaning; significant or suggestive 意味深长的，有意义的，引起联想的  a pregnant pause  意味深长的停顿 3 (esp. of a person's mind) imaginative, inventive (尤指人的头脑)富于想像的，富于创造的 4 (foll. by 后跟 with)  plentifully provided 丰富的  pregnant with danger  充满危险 □ pregnantly  adv. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English from French prégnant or Latin praegnans -antis, earlier praegnas (probably as PRAE-, (g)nasci ‘be born’)]

pregnant construction n. Gram.  one in which more is implied than the words express (e.g. not have a chance implying of success etc.) 【语法】简洁体(如 not have a chance (没有机会)是 not have a chance of success (没有机会成功)等的简洁体)

preheat /pri:ˈhi:t/ v. tr.  heat beforehand 预热

prehensile /priˈhensail/ adj. Zool. (of a tail or limb) capable of grasping 【动】(尾、肢)能抓住的 □ prehensility  /-ˈsiliti/ n.   [French préhensile from Latin prehendere prehens- (as PRE-, hendere ‘grasp’)]

prehension /priˈhenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  grasping, seizing 握住；抓住 2  mental apprehension 领会 [Latin prehensio (as PREHENSILE)]

prehistoric /pri:hiˈstɒrik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the period before written records 有文字记载的历史之前的，(有关)史前的 2 colloq.  utterly out of date [口]完全过时的 □ prehistorian  /-ˈstɔ:riən/ n.  □ prehistorically  adv.  □ prehistory  /-ˈhist(ə)ri/ n.   [French préhistorique (as PRE-, HISTORIC)]

pre-human /pri:ˈhju:mən/ adj.  existing before the time of man 人类(出现)以前的

pre-ignition /pri:iɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  the premature firing of the explosive mixture in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机的)提前点火，预燃

pre-industrial /pri:inˈdʌstriəl/ adj.  of or relating to the time before industrialization (关于)工业化以前的

prejudge /pri:ˈdʒʌdʒ/ v. tr.  1  form a premature judgement on (a person, issue, etc.) 对(人、事件等)预先作出判断 2  pass judgement on (a person) before a trial or proper inquiry (未经审讯)对(人)预先进行判决 □ prejudgement  n.  □ prejudication  /-ˌdʒu:diˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

prejudice /ˈpredʒʊdis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preconceived opinion 先入之见，成见b (foll. by 后跟 against, in favour of)  bias or partiality 偏见，偏袒 2  harm or injury that results or may result from some action or judgement (由行动、判断所引起的)损害，伤害，侵害  to the prejudice of  有损于… ●v. tr.  1  impair the validity or force of (a right, claim, statement, etc.) 损害，侵害(权利、要求、声明等) 2  a (often as 常作 prejudiced adj.)  cause (a person) to have a prejudice 使(人)产生偏见，引起偏执b (as 作 prejudiced adj.)  not impartial; bigoted 偏见的，偏执的 □ without prejudice  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  without detriment (to any existing right or claim) 未使(现存的权利、要求)受到损害 [Middle English via Old French from Latin praejudicium (as PRAE-, judicium ‘judgement’)]

prejudicial /predʒʊˈdiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  causing prejudice; detrimental 引起偏见的；有损害的 □ prejudicially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French prejudiciel (as PREJUDICE)]

prelacy /ˈpreləsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  Church government by prelates 高级教士监管制 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  prelates collectively (总称)高级教士(主教)团 3  the office or rank of prelate 高级教士的职位(级别) [Middle English via Anglo-French prelacie from medieval Latin prelatia (as PRELATE)]

prelapsarian /pri:læpˈsɛəriən/ adj.  before the Fall of Man; innocent 人类堕落前的；清白的

prelate /ˈprelət/ n.  1  a high ecclesiastical dignitary, e.g. a bishop 高级教士(如主教) 2 hist.  an abbot or prior [史义]修道院院长，副主持 □ prelatic  /priˈlætik/ adj.  □ prelatical  /priˈlætik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French prelat from medieval Latin praelatus, past part. of praeferre: see PREFER]

prelature /ˈprelətjʊə/ n.  1  the office of prelate 高级教士的职位 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  prelates collectively (总称)高级教士(主教)团 [French prélature from medieval Latin praelatura (as PRELATE)]

prelim /ˈpri:lim, priˈlim/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a preliminary examination, esp. at a university (尤指大学)初试 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the pages preceding the text of a book 正文前的书页 [abbreviation]

preliminary /priˈlimin(ə)ri/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  introductory, preparatory 初步的，预备性的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a preliminary action or arrangement 初步行动，初步安排  dispense with the preliminaries  免除了开始前的程序 2  a preliminary trial or contest 预试，预赛 3 (in pl. 用复数)  = PRELIM 2  ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  preparatory to; in advance of 作为…的预备，在…的前面  was completed preliminary to the main event  在重大事件之前完成 □ preliminarily  adv.   [modern Latin praeliminaris or French préliminaire (as PRE-, Latin limen liminis ‘threshold’)]

pre-linguistic /pri:liŋˈɡwistik/ adj.  existing or occurring before the development of language or the acquisition of speech 语言形成之前的；会说话之前的，有语言能力之前的

preliterate /pri:ˈlit(ə)rət/ adj.  of or relating to a society or culture that has not developed the use of writing 文字社会(文化)之前的，与文字社会(文化)之前有关的

prelude /ˈprelju:d/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  an action, event, or situation serving as an introduction (行动、事件、形势的)前奏，序幕 2  the introductory part of a poem etc. (诗歌等的)引子 3  a  an introductory piece of music, often preceding a fugue or forming the first piece of a suite or beginning an act of an opera (音乐的)前奏曲，(歌剧的)序曲b  a short piece of music of a similar type, esp. for the piano (尤指钢琴的)前奏短曲 ●v. tr.  1  serve as a prelude to 作为…的前奏 2  introduce with a prelude 以…为前奏的开头 □ preludial  /priˈlju:diəl/ adj.   [French prélude or medieval Latin praeludium from Latin praeludere praelus- (as PRAE-, ludere ‘play’)]

premarital /pri:ˈmærit(ə)l/ adj.  existing or (esp. of sexual relations) occurring before marriage (尤指性关系)婚前的 □ premaritally  adv.  

premature /ˈpremətjʊə/ adj.  1  a  occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early 比预期(或正常)时间早的，过早的  a premature decision  过早的决定b  too hasty 过于仓促的  must not be premature  不要过于仓促 2 (of a baby) born (esp. three or more weeks) before the end of the full term of gestation (婴儿)早产的(尤指早产 3 个星期以上) □ prematurely  adv.  □ prematureness  n.  □ prematurity  /-ˈtjʊəriti/ n.   [Latin praematurus ‘very early’ (as PRAE-, MATURE)]

premaxillary /pri:mækˈsiləri/ adj.  in front of the upper jaw 颌骨前的

pre-med /pri:ˈmed/ n. colloq. [口]  1  = PRE-MEDICATION  2 (premed)  a premedical course or student 医学预科课程，医学预科生 [abbreviation]

premedical /pri:ˈmedik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to study in preparation for a course in medicine (关于)医学预科的

pre-medication /ˌpri:mediˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  medication to prepare for an operation or other treatment 术前用药(法)，疗前用药(法)

premeditate /pri:ˈmediteit/ v. tr.  think out or plan (an action) beforehand 预谋；预先策划(行动)  premeditated murder  预谋杀人 □ premeditation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin praemeditari (as PRAE-, MEDITATE)]

premenstrual /pri:ˈmenstrʊəl/ adj.  of, occurring, or experienced, before menstruation 月经前的；经期前的  premenstrual tension  经前紧张 □ premenstrually  adv.  

premenstrual syndrome n.  any of a complex of symptoms (including tension, fluid retention, etc.) experienced by some women in the days immediately before menstruation (abbr. 缩略 PMS) 经前综合征(包括紧张、液停滞等)

premier /ˈpremiə, ˈpri:-/ n. & adj. ●n. (usu. 通常作 Premier)  a prime minister or other head of government 总理，首相 ●adj.  1  first in importance, order, or time (重要性、顺序、时间上)首要的 2  of earliest creation 最先的  premier earl  最早的伯爵 □ premiership  n.   [Middle English from Old French = first, from Latin (as PRIMARY)]

premiere /ˈpremiɛə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 première) ●n.  the first performance or showing of a play or film (戏剧、电影)首次公演，首次放映 ●v. tr.  give a premiere of 首次上演，首次放映 [French, fem. of premier (adj.) (as PREMIER)]

premillennial /pri:miˈleniəl/ adj.  existing or occurring before the millennium, esp. with reference to the prophesied second coming of Christ 千禧年前的(尤指关于预言基督的第二次降临) □ premillennialism  n.  □ premillennialist  n.  

premise n. & v. ●n. /ˈpremis/  1 Logic 【逻辑学】  = PREMISS  2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a house or building with its grounds and appurtenances (带地基及附属建筑的)房屋(建筑物)b Law  houses, lands, or tenements previously specified in a document etc. 【法律】(合同用语)上述各点，上列各项财产 ●v. tr. /priˈmaiz/  1  a  say or write by way of introduction 引出；导出b  assume from a premiss 由前提假定 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  base on 以…为前提  justice premised on fundamental equality  公正以基本的平等为前提 □ on the premises   in the building etc. concerned 在有关的建筑物(等)内 [Middle English via Old French premisse and medieval Latin praemissa (propositio) ‘(proposition) set in front’ from Latin praemittere praemiss- (as PRAE-, mittere ‘send’)]

premiss /ˈpremis/ n. Brit. Logic  a previous statement from which another is inferred [英]【逻辑学】前提 [variant of PREMISE]

premium /ˈpri:miəm/ n. (pl. premiums)  1  an amount to be paid for a contract of insurance 保险费 2  a  a sum added to interest, wages, etc.; a bonus (利息、工资等以外的)酬金，津贴，红利b  a sum added to ordinary charges 加付款 3  a reward or prize 奖金；奖品 4 (作 attrib.) (of a commodity) of best quality and therefore more expensive (商品)质优价高 □ at a premium   1  above the usual or nominal price 高于一般价格的，以高价 2  scarce and in demand 奇缺的；急需的□ put a premium on   1  provide or act as an incentive to 刺激，促进 2  attach special value to 高度评价 [Latin praemium ‘booty, reward’ (as PRAE-, emere ‘buy, take’)]

Premium Bond n. (also 亦作 Premium Savings Bond) Brit.  a government security without interest but with a draw for cash prizes [英]政府发行的以奖金代息储蓄债券

premolar /pri:ˈməʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  in front of a molar tooth 前臼齿的 ●n. (in an adult human) each of eight teeth situated in pairs between each of the four canine teeth and each first molar (成人)前臼齿；第一颗臼齿

premonition /preməˈniʃ(ə)n, pri:-/ n.  a forewarning; a presentiment 预先警告，预感 □ premonitor  /priˈmɒnitə/ n.  □ premonitory  /priˈmɒnit(ə)ri/ adj.   [French prémonition or Late Latin praemonitio from Latin praemonēre praemonit- (as PRAE-, monēre ‘warn’)]

Premonstratensian /ˌpri:mɒnstrəˈtensiən/ adj. & n. hist. [史义] ●adj.  of or relating to an order of regular canons founded at Prémontré in France in 1120, or of the corresponding order of nuns (关于 1120 年在普雷蒙特雷创立的)修士规则的 ●n.  a member of either of these orders 普雷蒙特雷修士规则 [medieval Latin Praemonstratensis from Praemonstratus (literally ‘foreshown’), the Latin name of the abbey of Prémontré, so called because the site was prophetically pointed out by the order's founder, St Norbert]

premorse /pri:ˈmɔ:s/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  with the end abruptly terminated 【植】【动】啮蚀状的 [Latin praemordēre praemors- ‘bite off’ (as PRAE-, mordēre ‘bite’)]

prenatal /pri:ˈneit(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning the period before birth 产前的；有关产前的 □ prenatally  adv.  

prentice /ˈprentis/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  = APPRENTICE  ●v. tr. (as 作 prenticed adj.)  apprenticed 学徒的；初学者的 □ prenticeship  n.   [Middle English, from APPRENTICE]

prentice hand n.  an inexperienced hand 生手

prenuptial /pri:ˈnʌpʃ(ə)l/ adj.  existing or occurring before marriage 结婚前的，婚礼前的

preoccupation /priˌɒkjʊˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the state of being preoccupied 全神贯注 2  a thing that engrosses the mind 使人入神的事物 [French préoccupation or Latin praeoccupatio (as PREOCCUPY)]

preoccupy /pri:ˈɒkjʊpai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (of a thought etc.) dominate or engross the mind of (a person) to the exclusion of other thoughts (思想等)占据(某人)心思等，使(某人)全神贯注 2 (as 作 preoccupied adj.)  otherwise engrossed; mentally distracted 心不在焉的，分心的 3  occupy beforehand 预先占据 [PRE- + OCCUPY, suggested by Latin praeoccupare ‘seize beforehand’]

preocular /pri:ˈɒkjʊlə/ adj.  in front of the eye 眼前的

preordain /pri:ɔ:ˈdein/ v. tr.  ordain or determine beforehand 命中注定，预先决定

pre-owned /pri:ˈəʊnd/ adj. esp. US  second-hand [尤美]第二手的，二手货的

prep1 /prep/ n. & adj. ●n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit. [英]  a  school work done outside lessons, esp. in an independent school (尤指私立学校)课外作业b  a period when this is done 课外作业时间 2 US  a student in a preparatory school [美]预科学生 ●attrib. adj. Brit. [英]  1  relating to work set as prep or the time allocated for this 和课外作业有关的，课外(作业)时间的  prep book  课外书 prep period  课外时间 2  relating to education in a preparatory school 与预科教育有关的  prep department  预科部 [abbreviation of PREPARATION]

prep2 /prep/ v. (prepped, prepping) colloq. [口]  1 tr. N. Amer.  prepare, make ready or suitable [北美]准备，预备 2 intr. US  prepare oneself for an event [美] (为某事件)自我作准备 [abbreviation of PREPARE]

prep. abbr. [缩略]  preposition 

pre-pack /pri:ˈpæk/ v. tr. (also 亦作 pre-package /-ˈpækidʒ/)  pack (goods) on the site of production or before retail 在生产场地包装(物品), 售前预先包装(物品)

prepaid past and past part.  of PREPAY 

preparation /prepəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of preparing; the process of being prepared 准备，预备 2 (often in pl. 通常用复数)  something done to make ready 准备工作 3  a specially prepared substance, esp. a food or medicine 预先配制好的东西(尤指食品或药品) 4  work done by school pupils to prepare for a lesson 预习 5 Mus.  the sounding of the discordant note in a chord in the preceding chord where it is not discordant, lessening the effect of the discord 【音】(在和弦中)准备调音 [Middle English via Old French from Latin praeparatio-onis (as PREPARE)]

preparative /priˈpærətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  preparatory 准备的 ●n.  1 Mil. & Naut.  a signal on a drum, bugle, etc., as an order to make ready 【军】【海】鼓(喇叭等)发出的准备信号 2  a preparatory act 准备行动 □ preparatively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French preparatif -ive from medieval Latin praeparativus (as PREPARE)]

preparatory /priˈpærət(ə)ri/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  serving to prepare; introductory 准备性的，引导性的 2 Brit. [英]  = PREP1adj. 2  ●adv. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  in a preparatory manner 作为准备  was packing preparatory to departure  捆扎行装准备出发 □ preparatorily  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin praeparatorius (as PREPARE)]

preparatory school n. Brit.  a usu. private school preparing pupils for esp. a public school or US for college or university [英] (通常为私立的)预备学校(尤指为进入公学作准备的私立小学；[美]为上大学作准备的私立中学)

prepare /priˈpɛə/ v.  1 tr.  make or get ready for use, consideration, etc. (为使用、考虑等)准备，预备 2 tr.  make ready or assemble (food, a meal, etc.) for eating 把(食品、饭等)准备好，预备好 3  a tr.  make (a person or oneself) ready or disposed in some way 给(他人或自己)作准备，使(他人或自己)作好某种准备  prepares students for university  培养学生准备上大学 prepared them for a shock  使他们对令人不快的消息有心理准备b intr.  put oneself or things in readiness, get ready 作好准备，预备  prepare to jump  准备跳 4 tr.  make (a chemical product etc.) by a regular process; manufacture (按正常程序)配制(化学产品等)，制造 5 tr. Mus.  lead up to (a discord) 【音】预备调(不谐和音) □ be prepared   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  be ready or disposed 准备着；愿意  was prepared for a legal battle  准备合法斗争 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be willing to 愿意□ preparer  n.   [Middle English from French préparer or Latin praeparare (as PRAE-, parare ‘make ready’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of be prepared in the sense ‘be willing’ was criticized in the past by some authorities, but it is now established usage. 过去某些权威曾批评把 be prepared 当作“愿意”的意思用，但是如今已成为约定俗成的用法。 

preparedness /priˈpɛəridnis/ n.  a state of readiness, esp. for war 准备状态(尤指为了战争)

prepay /pri:ˈpei/ v. tr. (past and past part. prepaid)  1  pay (a charge) in advance 预先支付(费用) 2  pay postage on (a letter or parcel etc.) before posting 提前付(信、包裹等的)邮资 □ prepayable  adj.  □ prepayment  n.  

prepense /priˈpens/ adj. (usu. placed after noun 通常置于名词后) esp. Law  deliberate, intentional (尤)【法律】蓄意的，故意的  malice prepense  恶意预谋 □ prepensely  adv.   [earlier prepensed, past part. of obsolete prepense, alteration of earlier purpense from Anglo-French & Old French purpenser (as PUR-, penser ‘think’): see PENSIVE]

pre-plan /pri:ˈplæn/ v. tr. (pre-planned, pre-planning)  plan in advance 预先计划

preponderant /priˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  surpassing in influence, power, number, or importance; predominant, preponderating (影响、权力、数量或重要性方面)占优势的，显著的，占主导地位的 □ preponderance  n.  □ preponderantly  adv.  

preponderate /priˈpɒndəreit/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  1  a  be greater in influence, quantity, or number (在影响、总量、数量方面)多于；大于b  predominate 占优势 2  a  be of greater importance 具有更大的重要性b  weigh more 重于 [Latin praeponderare (as PRAE-, PONDER)]

prepone /pri:ˈpəʊn/ v. tr.  bring forward to an earlier date or time 把日期(时间)提前 [PRE- + POSTPONE]

prepose /pri:ˈpəʊz/ v. tr. Linguistics  place in front; preface, prefix 【语言学】把…放在前面，作为…的开端，把…置于前面 [French préposer (as PREPOSITION)]

preposition /prepəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n. Gram.  a word governing (and usu. preceding) a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element, as in: ‘the man on the platform’, ‘came after dinner’, ‘what did you do it for ?’ 【语法】(通常在名词、代词前)介词，前置词(如 the man on the platform (讲台上那个人)中的 on; came after dinner (晚饭后来了)中的 after; what did you do it for? (你做它干什么)中的 for) □ prepositional  adj.  □ prepositionally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin praepositio, from praeponere praeposit- (as PRAE-, ponere ‘place’)]

prepositive /pri:ˈpɒzitiv/ adj. Gram. (of a word, particle, etc.) that should be placed before or prefixed 【语法】(小品词、词缀等)前置的；前缀的 [Late Latin praepositivus (as PREPOSITION)]

prepossess /pri:pəˈzes/ v. tr.  1 (usu. in passive 通常用被动) (of an idea, feeling, etc.) take possession of (a person); imbue (思想、感情等)影响(某人)，充满 2  a  prejudice (usu. favourably and spontaneously) 使(自然地)产生好感b (as 作 prepossessing adj.)  attractive, appealing 有吸引力的，有感染力的 □ prepossession  /-ˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.  

preposterous /priˈpɒst(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  utterly absurd; outrageous 十分荒谬的，无法容忍的 2  contrary to nature, reason, or common sense 违反常情的，违背理性的，反常的 □ preposterously  adv.  □ preposterousness  n.   [Latin praeposterus ‘reversed, absurd’ (as PRAE-, posterus ‘coming after’)]

prepostor var.  of PRAEPOSTOR  PRAEPOSTOR 的变体

prepotent /priˈpəʊt(ə)nt/ adj.  1  greater than others in power, influence, etc. (权力、影响等方面)占优势的 2 Biol. 【生】  a  having a greater power of fertilization 受精(胎)优势的b  dominant in transmitting hereditary qualities 遗传优势的 □ prepotence  n.  □ prepotency  n.   [Middle English from Latin praepotens -entis, part. of praeposse (as PRAE-, posse ‘be able’)]

preppy /ˈprepi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 preppie) N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person attending an expensive private school or who looks like such a person (with short hair, blazer, etc.) (私立)预备学校学生，(短发、上衣等)打扮像预备学校学生的人 ●adj. (preppier, preppiest)  1  like a preppy 预备学校学生似的 2  neat and fashionable 整洁的，时髦的 [PREP SCHOOL + -Y2]

pre-prandial /pri:ˈprændiəl/ adj. formal or joc.  before dinner or lunch [正式] [诙]饭前的，餐前的 [PRE- + Latin prandium ‘a meal’]

pre-preference /pri:ˈpref(ə)r(ə)ns/ adj. Brit. (of shares, claims, etc.) ranking before preference shares etc. [英] (证券、索赔等)最优先的

pre-print /ˈpri:print/ n.  a printed document issued in advance of general publication (发行前的)预印本

pre-process /pri:ˈprəʊses/ v. tr.  subject to a preliminary processing 预加工

pre-processor /pri:ˈprəʊsesə/ n.  a computer program that modifies data to conform with the input requirements of another program (计算机的)预处理程序

pre-production /pri:prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  work done on a film, broadcast, etc. before production begins (电影、广播等拍摄或排演前的)准备工作 usu. 通常作 attrib.: pre-production discussions  前期讨论

pre-program /pri:ˈprəʊɡræm/ v. tr. (-programmed, -programming)  program (a computer etc.) beforehand 为(计算机等)预编程序

prep school /prep/ n.  = PREPARATORY SCHOOL  [abbreviation of PREPARATORY]

pre-pubescent /pri:pjʊˈbes(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 pre-pubertal /-ˈbɜ:t(ə)l/)  1  occurring prior to puberty 青春期前的 2  that has not yet reached puberty 未发育的 ●n.  a pre-pubescent boy or girl 青春期前的男(女)孩

pre-publication /ˌpri:pʌbliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  produced or occurring before publication 正式出版(日期)前的 ●n.  publication in advance or beforehand 提前出版

prepuce /ˈpri:pju:s/ n.  1  = FORESKIN  2  the fold of skin surrounding the clitoris 阴蒂包皮 □ preputial  /pri:ˈpju:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin praeputium]

pre-qualify /pri:ˈkwɒlifai/ v. intr.  qualify in advance, esp. in advance of a sporting event (尤指体育项目)提前取得出线资格

prequel /ˈpri:kw(ə)l/ n.  a story, film, etc., whose events or concerns precede those of an existing work 先行篇(故事、电影等情节发生在现行作品之前的) [PRE- + SEQUEL]

Pre-Raphaelite /pri:ˈræfəlait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a group of English 19th-c. artists, including Holman Hunt, Millais, and D. G. Rossetti, emulating the work of Italian artists from before the time of Raphael (英国 19 世纪)拉斐尔前派艺术家(画家) (包括亨特、密莱司及罗赛蒂) ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Pre-Raphaelites (关于)拉斐尔前派艺术家(画家)的 2 (作 pre-Raphaelite) (esp. of a woman) like a type painted by a Pre-Raphaelite (e.g. with long thick curly auburn hair) (尤指妇女)装束像拉斐尔前派艺术家绘画风格的(如长有长而浓密的褐色卷发) □ Pre-Raphaelitism  n.  

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood n.  the chosen name of the Pre-Raphaelites 拉斐尔前派兄弟会

pre-record /pri:riˈkɔ:d/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 pre-recorded adj.)  record (esp. material for broadcasting) in advance 预先录制(尤指广播节目)

prerequisite /pri:ˈrekwizit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  required as a precondition 先决条件的 ●n.  a prerequisite thing 先决条件■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PERQUISITE. 见 PERQUISITE 的用法说明。 

prerogative /priˈrɒɡətiv/ n.  1  a right or privilege exclusive to an individual or class 独有的权利；特权 2 (in full 全称 royal prerogative) Brit.  the right of the sovereign, theoretically subject to no restriction [英]王权；皇家特权 [Middle English via Old French prerogative or Latin praerogativa ‘privilege’ (originally to vote first) from praerogativus ‘asked first’ (as PRAE-, rogare ‘ask’)]

Pres. abbr. [缩略]  President 

presage /ˈpresidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an omen or portent 预示；预兆 2  a presentiment or foreboding 预感；预言 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 priˈseidʒ/  1  portend, foreshadow 预示；预兆 2  give warning of (an event etc.) by natural means 对(事件等)预先警告 3 (of a person) predict or have a presentiment of (人)预言；预感 □ presageful  /priˈseidʒfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  □ presager  n.   [Middle English via French présage, présager from Latin praesagium, from praesagire ‘forebode’ (as PRAE-, sagire ‘perceive keenly’)]

presbyopia /prezbiˈəʊpiə/ n.  long-sightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the eye lens, occurring esp. in middle and old age 远视(眼)；老花(眼) (尤指中、老年) □ presbyopic  /-ˈɒpik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek presbus ‘old man’ + ōps ōpos ‘eye’]

presbyter /ˈprezbitə/ n.  1  an elder in the early Christian Church (早期基督教会的)长老 2 (in the Episcopal Church) a minister of the second order; a priest (圣公会的)司祭；牧师 3 (in the Presbyterian Church) an elder (长老会的)长老 □ presbyteral  /-ˈbit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ presbyterate  /-ˈbit(ə)rət/ n.  □ presbyterial  /-ˈtiəriəl/ adj.  □ presbytership  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin from Greek presbuteros ‘elder’, comparative of presbus ‘old’]

Presbyterian /prezbiˈtiəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a Church) governed by elders all of equal rank, esp. with reference to the national Church of Scotland (基督教)长老派的 ●n.  1  a member of a Presbyterian Church 长老会教友 2  an adherent of the Presbyterian system 长老会教义信徒 □ Presbyterianism  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin presbyterium (as PRESBYTERY)]

presbytery /ˈprezbit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the eastern part of a chancel beyond the choir; the sanctuary (教堂内东侧的)司祭席；祭坛 2  a  a body of presbyters, esp. a court next above a Kirk-session (长老会)教务评议会b  a district represented by this 教务评议会管辖区 3  the house of a Roman Catholic priest (天主教神父的)住宅 [Middle English from Old French presbiterie via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek presbuterion (as PRESBYTER)]

pre-school /ˈpri:sku:l, pri:ˈsku:l/ adj.  of or relating to the time before a child is old enough to go to school (有关)学龄前的 □ pre-schooler  /-ˈsku:lə/ n.  

prescient /ˈpresiənt/ adj.  having foreknowledge or foresight 预知的；有先见之明的 □ prescience  n.  □ presciently  adv.   [Latin praescire praescient- ‘know beforehand’ (as PRAE-, scire ‘know’)]

prescind /priˈsind/ v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  cut off (a part from a whole), esp. prematurely or abruptly (尤指过早或突然从整体中)割去(一部分) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  leave out of consideration 不予考虑 [Latin praescindere (as PRAE-, scindere ‘cut’)]

prescribe /priˈskraib/ v.  1 tr.  a  advise the use of (a medicine etc.), esp. by an authorized prescription (尤指按认可的处方)开(药等)b  recommend, esp. as a benefit 推荐，建议(尤指作为恩惠)  prescribed a change of scenery  建议改变一下布景 2 tr.  lay down or impose authoritatively 规定；指定 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, for)  assert a prescriptive right or claim 要求权利(所有权) □ prescriber  n.   [Latin praescribere praescript- ‘direct in writing’ (as PRAE-, scribere ‘write’)]■Usage 用法说明 Prescribe, meaning ‘advise, recommend, impose authoritatively’, is sometimes confused with proscribe, meaning ‘to forbid’. Note the difference in sense between prescribed drugs and proscribed drugs. 表示“开(药)、建议、指定”的 prescribe 有时易与表示“禁止”的 proscribe 相混。注意 prescribed drugs 的释义与 proscribed drugs 的释义之间的差别。 

prescript /ˈpri:skript/ n.  an ordinance, law, or command 规定的条例(法律、命令) [Latin praescriptum, neut. past part. of praescribere: see PRESCRIBE]

prescription /priˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of prescribing 规定；指定 2  a  a doctor's (usu. written) instruction for the composition and use of a medicine (通常为书面的)医生处方b  a medicine prescribed 处方上开的药 3 (in full 全称 positive prescription)  uninterrupted use or possession from time immemorial or for the period fixed by law as giving a title or right (法定的)生效时期；时效 4  a  an ancient custom viewed as authoritative 权威性的因袭习俗b  a claim founded on long use (因长期使用而获得的)权利 [Middle English via Old French from Latin praescriptio -onis (as PRESCRIBE)]

prescriptive /priˈskriptiv/ adj.  1  prescribing 规定的 2 Linguistics  concerned with or laying down rules of usage (opp. 反义 DESCRIPTIVE 3) 【语言学】有关(语言)使用规则的；规范性的 3  based on prescription 根据习俗的；根据规定的  prescriptive right  规定的权利 4  prescribed by custom 约定俗成的

pre-season /pri:ˈsi:z(ə)n/ n.  the period before a season (esp. a sporting season) begins 旺季(尤指体育赛季)前的时期 usu. 通常作 attrib.: pre-season friendlies  赛季前的友谊赛

pre-select /pri:siˈlekt/ v. tr.  select in advance 预先选择(挑选) □ pre-selection  n.  

pre-selective /pri:siˈlektiv/ adj.  that can be selected or set in advance 预先选择(挑选)的；预选式的

pre-selector /pri:siˈlektə/ n.  any of various devices for selecting a mechanical or electrical operation in advance of its execution, e.g. of a gear change in a motor vehicle 预选器(如汽车换挡)

presence /ˈprez(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state or condition of being present 出席；在场；到场；存在  your presence is requested  敬请光临 2  a place where a person is 在(某人的)所在地方  was admitted to their presence  被允许来到他们面前 3  a  a person's appearance or bearing, esp. when imposing (某人的)仪态；风度(尤指不凡的风采)  an august presence  气宇轩昂b  a person's force of personality (esp. 尤用于 have presence 有气质) 气质 4  a person or thing that is present 存在的人(物)  the royal presence  御前 there was a presence in the room  屋里正在召见 5  representation for reasons of political influence 政治势力  maintained a presence  保持政治势力 □ in the presence of   in front of; observed by 在…面前；面临着… [Middle English via Old French from Latin praesentia (as PRESENT1)]

presence chamber n.  a room in which a monarch or other distinguished person receives visitors (君主或要人的)接见厅

presence of mind n.  calmness and self-command in sudden difficulty etc. (在突发困难等面前的)镇定自若

present1 /ˈprez(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 predic.)  being in the place in question 出席的；在场的  was present at the trial  审判时在场 2  a  now existing, occurring, or being such 现存的；目前的  the present Duke  现在的公爵 during the present season  在目前的季节里b  now being considered or discussed etc. 正在考虑(讨论等)中的  in the present case  在这件事中 3 Gram.  expressing an action etc. now going on or habitually performed 【语法】现在时的  present participle  现在分词 present tense  现在时 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the time now passing 现在，目前  no time like the present  机不可失，时不再来 2 Gram.  the present tense 【语法】现在时(态) □ at present   now 现在，目前□ by these presents  Law  by this document 【法律】根据本文件  know all men by these presents  特给此文件为证□ for the present   1  just now 眼前，暂且 2  as far as the present is concerned 就现在来说□ present company excepted   excluding those who are here now 不是在座诸位 [Middle English via Old French from Latin praesens -entis, part. of praeesse ‘be at hand’ (as PRAE-, esse ‘be’)]

present2 /priˈzent/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  introduce, offer, or exhibit, esp. for public attention or consideration 提出；提供；显示 2  a (with a thing as object, foll. by to 物作宾语，后跟 to)  offer, award, or give as a gift (to a person), esp. formally or ceremonially 给予；赠予；(作为礼物)赠送(某人)b (with a person as object 人作宾语 , foll. by 后跟 with)  make available to; cause to have 向…提出；使获得  presented them with a new car  送他们一辆新车 that presents us with a problem  此事向我们提出一个问题 3  a (of a company, producer, etc.) put (a form of entertainment) before the public (公司、生产商等)使(某种文娱形式)上演b (of a performer, compère, etc.) introduce or put before an audience (演员、主持人等)介绍；主持 4  introduce (a person) formally (正式)引见(某人)  may I present my fiancé?  我可以引见我的未婚夫吗？ was presented at court  在宫中得到觐见 5  offer, give (compliments etc.) 呈献；给予(称赞等)  may I present my card  请收下我的名片 present my regards to your family  代我向你全家问好 6  a (of a circumstance) reveal (some quality etc.) (环境)显露(某种特性等)  this presents some difficulty  这会带来一些困难b  exhibit (an appearance etc.) 露出(外观等)  presented a rough exterior  露出粗糙的外表 7 (of an idea etc.) offer or suggest itself (想法等)显现；令人想到 8  deliver (a cheque, bill, etc.) for acceptance or payment 兑现(支票、票据等) 9  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  aim (a weapon) (把武器)瞄准b  hold out (a weapon) in a position for aiming 举枪瞄准 10 (作 refl. or absol. [含宾]) Med. 【医】  a (of an illness etc.) manifest itself (疾病等)显露病症b (of a patient) come forward for or undergo initial medical examination (病人)接受初诊 11 (absol. [含宾]) Med. (of a part of a foetus) be directed toward the cervix at the time of delivery 【医】(分娩时胎儿部分身体)先露 12 (foll. by 后跟 to) Law  bring formally under notice, submit (an offence, complaint, etc.) 【法律】检举，告发；提交(犯罪行为、控诉等) 13 (foll. by 后跟 to) Eccl.  recommend (a clergyman) to a bishop for institution to a benefice 【教会】举荐(圣职人员) ●n.  the position of presenting arms in salute 举枪致敬 □ present arms   hold a rifle etc. vertically in front of the body as a salute 举枪敬礼□ present oneself   1  appear 出席 2  come forward for examination etc. 接受初诊(等)□ presenter  n. (esp. in sense 3b of v. 尤用于动词 3 b 释义中)   [Middle English via Old French presenter from Latin praesentare (as PRESENT1)]

present3 /ˈprez(ə)nt/ n.  a gift; a thing given or presented 礼物；赠品 □ make a present of   give as a gift 拿…赠送 [Middle English from Old French (as PRESENT1), originally in the phrase mettre une chose en present ɑˋ quelqu'un ‘put a thing into the presence of a person’]

presentable /priˈzentəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  of good appearance; fit to be presented to other people 体面的；拿得出手的 2  fit for presentation 可介绍的；可提出(呈)的 □ presentability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ presentableness  n.  □ presentably  adv.  

presentation /prez(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of presenting; the process of being presented 赠送；授予；提呈；演出；出席b  a thing presented 赠送之物；呈递之物 2  the manner or quality of presenting 风度；仪表；外貌 3  a demonstration or display of materials, information, etc.; a lecture 显示；展出(材料、信息等)；传授 4  an exhibition or theatrical performance 展出；演出 5  a formal introduction (正式)引见 6  the position of the foetus in relation to the cervix at the time of delivery (分娩时的)产位 □ presentational  adj.  □ presentationally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin praesentatio -onis (as PRESENT2)]

presentationism /prez(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that in perception the mind has immediate cognition of the object. 【哲】表象实在论，表象主义 □ presentationist  n.  

presentative /priˈzentətiv/ adj.  1 Philos.  subject to direct cognition 【哲】直觉的；表象的 2 hist. (of a benefice) to which a patron has the right of presentation [史义]有推荐权的(举荐任圣职) [Middle English, probably from medieval Latin (as PRESENTATION)]

present-day attrib. adj.  of this time; modern 当今的；现代的

presentee /prez(ə)nˈti:/ n.  1  the recipient of a present 受礼物者 2  a person presented 被推荐的人；被介绍的人 [Middle English from Anglo-French (as PRESENT2)]

presentient /priˈsenʃ(ə)nt, -ˈzen-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  having a presentiment 有预感的 [Latin praesentiens (as PRAE-, SENTIENT)]

presentiment /priˈzentim(ə)nt, -ˈsen-/ n.  a vague expectation; a foreboding (esp. of misfortune) 预知；预感(尤指厄运) [obsolete French présentiment (as PRE-, SENTIMENT)]

presently /ˈprez(ə)ntli/ adv.  1  soon; after a short time 很快；一会儿 2 esp. N. Amer. & Sc.  at the present time; now [尤北美和苏格兰]现在；此刻

presentment /priˈzentm(ə)nt/ n.  the act of presenting information, esp. a statement on oath by a jury of a fact known to them (尤指陪审团根据了解的情况而提出的)呈文 [Middle English from Old French presentement (as PRESENT2)]

preservation /prezəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of preserving or process of being preserved 保存；维护 2  a state of being well or badly preserved 保持得好(差)的状态  in an excellent state of preservation  保存得很好 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin praeservatio -onis (as PRESERVE)]

preservationist /prezəˈveiʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a supporter or advocate of preservation, esp. of antiquities and historic buildings (尤指针对文物、古代建筑的)保护主义者

preservative /priˈzɜ:vətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance for preserving perishable foodstuffs, wood, etc. (食品、木材等的)防腐剂 ●adj.  tending to preserve 有助于保存的 [Middle English via Old French preservatif -ive from medieval Latin praeservativus -um (as PRESERVE)]

preserve /priˈzɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  keep safe or free from harm, decay, etc. 保护；保存(以免遭受伤害、腐烂等)b  keep alive (a name, memory, etc.) 使(名声、记忆等)流传 2  maintain (a thing) in its existing state 保持(某物) (状况不变) 3  retain (a quality or condition) 保留(质地、状况) 4  a  treat or refrigerate (food) to prevent decomposition or fermentation (为防止腐烂、发酵)处理；冷冻(食品)b  prepare (fruit) by boiling it with sugar, for long-term storage 蜜制(水果) 5  keep (game, a river, etc.) undisturbed for private use 把(猎场、河流等)围成私有的禁猎地 ●n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  1  preserved fruit; jam 蜜饯；果酱 2  a place where game or fish etc. are preserved 禁猎地 3  a sphere or area of activity regarded as a person's own 独占的活动范围(地区) □ preservable  adj.  □ preserver  n.   [Middle English via Old French preserver from Late Latin praeservare (as PRAE-, servare ‘keep’)]

pre-set /pri:ˈset/ v. tr. (-setting; past and past part. -set)  1  set or fix (a device) in advance of its operation 预先安置(设备) 2  settle or decide beforehand 事先调整；预先决定

pre-shrunk /pri:ˈʃrʌŋk/ adj. (of a fabric or garment) treated so that it shrinks during manufacture and not in use (织物、服装)经预缩的，防缩的

preside /priˈzaid/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, over)  be in a position of authority, esp. as the chairperson or president of a meeting 主持；主管(尤指担任会议主席、会议主持人) 2  a  exercise control or authority 掌管；管辖b (foll. by 后跟 at) colloq.  play an instrument in company [口] (乐队中)主奏  presided at the piano  担任钢琴主奏 [French présider from Latin praesidēre (as PRAE-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

presidency /ˈprezid(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the office of president 总统的职位 2  the period of this 总统职位的任期 [Spanish & Portuguese presidencia, Italian presidenza, from medieval Latin praesidentia (as PRESIDE)]

president /ˈprezid(ə)nt/ n.  1  the elected head of a republican state (共和国的)总统，国家主席 2  the head of a society or council etc. (学会的)会长 3  the head of certain colleges (某些学院的)院长 4 N. Amer. [北美]  a  the head of a university 大学校长b  the head of a company, etc. (公司等的)总裁 5  a person in charge of a meeting, council, etc. (会议、理事会等的)主持人，主席 □ presidential  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ presidentially  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)li/ adv.  □ presidentship  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as PRESIDE)]

president-elect n. (pl. presidents-elect)  a president who has been elected but has not yet taken up office (尚未宣誓就职的)当选总统

presidium /priˈsidiʌm, -ˈzi-/ n. (also 亦作 praesidium)  a standing executive committee in a Communist country, esp. in the former USSR (共产党国家政府的)常务委员会；(尤指前苏联的)最高苏维埃主席团 [Russian prezidium from Latin praesidium ‘protection’ etc. (as PRESIDE)]

presocratic /pri:səˈkrætik/ adj. (of philosophy) of the time before Socrates (哲学)苏格拉底以前的

press1 /pres/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  apply steady force to (a thing in contact) 按(某物)  press a switch  按开关 pressed the two surfaces together  把两面按在一起 2 tr.  a  compress or apply pressure to a thing to flatten, shape, or smooth it, as by ironing 压；把…压成型；熨平  got the curtains pressed  熨烫窗帘b  squeeze (a fruit etc.) to extract its juice 榨取(水果等的)汁c  manufacture (a gramophone record etc.) by moulding under pressure (用压模)压制(留声机唱片等) 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out of, from, etc.)  squeeze (juice etc.) 压榨(果汁等) 4 tr.  embrace or caress by squeezing 紧抱；紧贴；紧握  pressed my hand  紧握我的手 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, against, etc.)  exert pressure 按压；重压 6 intr.  be urgent; demand immediate action 敦促；催促紧急行动  time was pressing  时间紧迫 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  make an insistent demand 迫切要求 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up, round, etc.)  form a crowd 拥挤；挤在一起 9 intr. (foll. by 常后跟 on, forward, etc.)  hasten insistently 挤着走过去；匆忙地走 10 tr. (often in passive 常用被动) (of an enemy etc.) bear heavily on (敌人等)紧逼 11 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  urge or entreat 逼迫；谆谆劝说  pressed me to stay  逼迫我留下 pressed me for an answer  迫使我回答 12 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  put forward or urge (an opinion, claim, or course of action) 催逼；催促(意见、要求、行动方向)b  insist on the acceptance of (an offer, a gift, etc.) 迫使接受(赠物、礼品等) 13 tr.  insist on 坚持  did not press the point  不坚持观点 14 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  produce a strong mental or moral impression; oppress; weigh heavily 造成(思想或道德上的)压力；重压 15 intr. Golf  try too hard for a long shot etc. and so strike the ball imperfectly 【高尔夫球】长挥击球过猛(击球不完美) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of pressing 压；按  give it a slight press  轻轻地压一下 2  a  a device for compressing, flattening, shaping, extracting juice, etc. 压缩(压平、成型)器械；(果汁等)压榨机  trouser press  裤子熨烫机 flower press  压花机 wine press  葡萄压榨机b  a frame for preserving the shape of a racket when not in use (球拍)夹具c  a machine that applies pressure to a workpiece by means of a tool, in order to punch shapes, bend it, etc. 冲床 3  = PRINTING PRESS  4 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the art or practice of printing 印刷；印刷业b  newspapers, journalists, etc., generally or collectively (总称)报业；记者们  read it in the press  从报上得知 pursued by the press  被新闻界追踪 5  a notice or piece of publicity in newspapers etc. 报刊评论；新闻舆论  got a good press  受到新闻舆论的好评 6 (作 Press)  a  a printing house or establishment 印刷厂；印刷机构b  a publishing company 出版公司(社)  Athlone Press  阿斯隆出版社 7  a  crowding 拥挤b  a crowd (of people etc.) (人等)群 8  the pressure of affairs 事务的压力 9 esp. Ir. & Sc.  a large usu. shelved cupboard for clothes, books, etc., esp. in a recess [尤爱尔兰和苏格兰] (尤指壁橱式的)衣柜，书柜 □ at (or in) press (or the press)   being printed 已付印；印刷中□ be pressed for   have barely enough (time etc.) 缺少(时间等)□ go (or send) to press   go or send to be printed 付印；出版□ press the button   1  set machinery in motion 按电钮；开机器 2 colloq.  initiate an action or train of events, esp. nuclear war [口]发起；发动(尤指核战争)□ press (the) flesh  esp. US  shake hands [尤美]握手 [Middle English via Old French presser, presse from Latin pressare, frequentative of premere press-]

press2 /pres/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 hist.  force to serve in the army or navy [史义]强迫…入伍(加入海军) 2  bring into use as a makeshift 临时使用  was pressed into service  被迫征用 ●n. hist.  compulsory enlistment esp. in the navy [史义]强迫征兵(尤指当海军) [alteration, by association with PRESS1, of obsolete prest ‘pay given on enlistment, enlistment by such payment’: via Old French prest ‘loan, advance pay’, from prester, from Latin praestare ‘furnish, provide’ (as PRAE-, stare ‘stand’)]

press agent n.  a person employed to attend to advertising and press publicity 新闻广告员；宣传员

press box n.  a reporters' enclosure esp. at a sports event (尤指体育比赛场的)记者席

press-button n. & attrib. adj. Brit. [英]  = PUSH-BUTTON 

press conference n.  an interview given to journalists to make an announcement or answer questions 记者招待会

press cutting n.  a cutting taken from a newspaper etc. 剪报

pressed steel n.  steel moulded under pressure 压制钢件

press gallery n.  a gallery for reporters esp. in a legislative assembly (尤指立法会议的)记者席

press-gang n. & v. ●n.  1 hist.  a body of men employed to press men into service in the army or navy [史义]抓壮丁队；强征水兵队 2  any group using similar coercive methods 采取强制手段的一伙人 ●v. tr.  force into service 强迫…服役

pressie var.  of PREZZIE  PREZZIE 的变体

pressing /ˈpresiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  urgent 急迫的  pressing business  急事 2  a  urging strongly 急切的；恳切的  a pressing invitation  恳切的邀请b  persistent, importunate 坚持的；强求的  since you are so pressing  你既然如此坚持 ●n.  1  a thing made by pressing, esp. a gramophone record 模压制品(尤指唱片) 2  a series of these made at one time 冲压件 3  the act or an instance of pressing a thing, esp. a gramophone record, grapes, etc. (尤指唱片、葡萄等的)压制；压榨  all at one pressing  所有物品均一次压制而成 □ pressingly  adv.  

pressman /ˈpresmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a journalist 记者 2  an operator of a printing press 印刷工人

pressmark /ˈpresmɑ:k/ n. Brit.  a library shelf mark showing the location of a book etc. [英] (图书馆表示藏书位置的)书架号

press-on adj. (of a material) that can be pressed or ironed on to something (物)能压制的；可熨烫的

press release n.  an official statement issued to newspapers for information (政府机构发布的)新闻稿

press stud n. Brit.  a small fastening device engaged by pressing its two halves together [英]子母扣，摁扣

press-up n. Brit.  an exercise in which the prone body is raised from the legs or trunk upwards by pressing down on the hands to straighten the arms [英]俯卧撑

pressure /ˈpreʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the exertion of continuous force on or against a body by another in contact with it 按；压b  the force exerted 压力c  the amount of this (expressed by the force on a unit area) 压力之量，压强(表示单位面积所受的力)  atmospheric pressure  大气压 2  urgency; the need to meet a deadline etc. 紧急；紧迫  work under pressure  在压力下工作 3  affliction or difficulty 困苦；艰难  under financial pressure  在财政困难的情况下 4  constraining influence 施压  if pressure is brought to bear  如果施加压力的话 ●v. tr.  1  apply (esp. psychological or moral) pressure to (尤指在心理、道义上)对…施加压力 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  persuade; coerce 劝说；迫使  was pressured into attending  被劝出席 [Middle English from Latin pressura (as PRESS1)]

pressure cooker n.  an airtight pan for cooking quickly under steam pressure 高压锅 □ pressure-cook  v. tr.  

pressure gauge n.  a gauge showing the pressure of steam etc. 气压计；压力(强)计

pressure group n.  a group or association formed to promote a particular interest or cause by influencing public policy (对公共政策施加影响的)压力集团(协会)

pressure point n.  1  a point where an artery can be pressed against a bone to inhibit bleeding (动脉上方的)加压止血点 2  a point on the skin sensitive to pressure (皮肤上的)压觉点 3  a target for political pressure or influence (受政治压力或影响的)目标

pressure suit n.  an inflatable suit for flying at a high altitude 增压服

pressurize /ˈpreʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (esp. as 尤作 pressurized adj.)  maintain normal atmospheric pressure in (an aircraft cabin etc.) at a high altitude 使(机舱等)密封 2  raise to a high pressure 使增压 3  pressure (a person) 对(人)施加压力 □ pressurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

pressurized-water reactor n.  a nuclear reactor in which the coolant is water at high pressure 压水反应堆

presswork /ˈpreswɜ:k/ n.  1  a  the pressing or drawing of metal into a shaped hollow die 压制；冲压b  a piece of metal shaped by such means 压制(冲压)成品 2  a  the work and management of a printing press 印刷；印刷作业b  work turned out from a press, esp. with regard to its quality 印刷品(尤指符合质量的印刷物)

Prestel /ˈprestel/ n. propr. (in the UK) the computerized visual information system operated by British Telecom [商标] (英国)计算机可视信息系统，邮电部门网上信息系统 [a blend of PRESS1 + TELECOMMUNICATION]

prestidigitator /prestiˈdidʒiteitə/ n. formal  a conjuror [正式]魔术师 □ prestidigitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French prestidigitateur, from preste ‘nimble’ (as PRESTO) + Latin digitus ‘finger’]

prestige /preˈsti:ʒ, -ˈsti:dʒ/ n.  1  respect, reputation, or influence derived from achievements, power, associations, etc. 威信，威望，声望 2 (作 attrib.)  having or conferring prestige 有威信(的)；有声望(的) □ prestigeful  adj.   [French, = illusion, glamour, from Late Latin praestigium (as PRESTIGIOUS)]

prestigious /preˈstidʒəs/ adj.  having or showing prestige 有威信的；受尊敬的 □ prestigiously  adv.  □ prestigiousness  n.   [originally = deceptive, via Latin praestigiosus from praestigiae ‘juggler's tricks’]

prestissimo /preˈstisiməʊ/ adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  in a very quick tempo 最急板地 ●n. (pl. -os)  a movement or passage played in this way 最急板；最急板乐段 [Italian, superlative (as PRESTO)]

presto /ˈprestəʊ/ adv., adj., n. & int. ●adv. & adj. Mus.  in quick tempo 【音】急板地(的) ●n. (pl. -os) Mus.  a presto passage or movement 【音】急板；急板乐段 ●int.  = HEY PRESTO!  [Italian, via Late Latin praestus from Latin praesto ready]

prestressed /pri:ˈstrest/ adj.  strengthened by stressing in advance, esp. of concrete by means of stretched rods or wires put in during manufacture (尤指钢筋水泥)预应力的

presumably /priˈzju:məbli/ adv.  as may reasonably be presumed 大概；推测起来

presume /priˈzju:m/ v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  suppose to be true; take for granted (没根据地)相信；推测 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  a  take the liberty; be impudent enough 擅自去做；冒昧去做  presumed to question their authority  冒昧地询问他们的上司b  dare, venture 敢于；胆敢  may I presume to ask?  我可以问一下吗？ 3 intr.  be presumptuous; take liberties 放肆；擅自行事 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  take advantage of or make unscrupulous use of (a person's good nature etc.) 利用；滥用(某人的好脾气等) □ presumable  adj.  □ presumedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French presumer from Latin praesumere praesumpt- ‘anticipate, venture’ (as PRAE-, sumere ‘take’)]

presuming /priˈzju:miŋ/ adj.  presumptuous 放肆的 □ presumingly  adv.  □ presumingness  n.  

presumption /priˈzʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  arrogance; presumptuous behaviour 傲慢；放肆 2  a  the act of presuming a thing to be true 假定；假设b  a thing that is or may be presumed to be true 假定属实的事；猜测的事 3  a ground for presuming 推测的理由  a strong presumption against their being guilty  认为他们有罪的强有力的根据 4 Law  an inference from known facts 【法律】(根据已知事实中的)推定 [Middle English via Old French presumpcion from Latin praesumptio -onis (as PRESUME)]

presumptive /priˈzʌm(p)tiv/ adj.  giving grounds for presumption 可据以推定的  presumptive evidence  推定的证据 □ presumptively  adv.   [French présomptif -ive from Late Latin praesumptivus (as PRESUME)]

presumptuous /priˈzʌm(p)tʃʊəs/ adj.  unduly or overbearingly confident and presuming 冒昧的；专横的 □ presumptuously  adv.  □ presumptuousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French presumptueux from Late Latin praesumptuosus, -tiosus (as PRESUME)]

presuppose /pri:səˈpəʊz/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1  assume beforehand 预先假定 2  require as a precondition; imply 以…为先决条件；意味着 [Middle English from Old French presupposer, after medieval Latin praesupponere (as PRE-, SUPPOSE)]

presupposition /ˌpri:sʌpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of presupposing 预先假定；预料 2  a thing assumed beforehand as the basis of argument etc. (作为争论等根据的)预先假定的事 [medieval Latin praesuppositio (as PRAE-, supponere as SUPPOSE)]

pre-tax /ˈpri:tæks/ attrib. adj. (of income or profits) before the deduction of taxes (收入、赢利)税前的

pre-teen /pri:ˈti:n/ adj.  of or relating to a child just under the age of thirteen (儿童)13 岁以下的；接近青春期的

pretence /priˈtens/ n. (US [美] pretense)  1  pretending, make-believe 佯装；假装 2  a  a pretext or excuse 托词；借口  on the slightest pretence  以丝毫的借口b  a false show of intentions or motives 谎称；借口  under the pretence of friendship  以友谊为借口 under false pretences  凭借欺诈手段 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a claim, esp. a false or ambitious one 声称(尤指自诩、标榜)  has no pretence to any great talent  不以有大才智的人自居 4  a  affectation, display 装模作样；炫耀b  pretentiousness, ostentation 夸耀；虚夸  stripped of all pretence  剥去所有的伪装 [Middle English from Anglo-French pretense, ultimately from medieval Latin pretensus ‘pretended’ (as PRETEND)]

pretend /priˈtend/ v. & adj. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  claim or assert falsely so as to deceive 佯称；佯装；欺骗说  pretend knowledge  装作有学问 pretended that they were foreigners  欺骗说他们是外国人 2 tr.  imagine to oneself in play (剧中)装扮；假想  pretended to be monsters  扮演恶魔 pretended it was night  假想是在夜里 3 tr.  a  profess, esp. falsely or extravagantly 自称，自命  does not pretend to be a scholar  不自称学者b (as 作 pretended adj.)  falsely claim to be such 虚假的  a pretended friend  虚假的朋友 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  lay claim to (a right or title etc.) 声称有(权利、头衔等)b  profess to have (a quality etc.) 自夸有(品德等) ●adj. colloq.  pretended; in pretence [口]假装的；伪装的  pretend money  假币 [Middle English from French prétendre or from Latin (as PRAE-, tendere tent-, later tens- ‘stretch’)]

pretender /priˈtendə/ n.  1  a person who claims a throne or title etc. 觊觎王位者；妄求头衔的人 2  a person who pretends 冒充者

pretense US var.  of PRETENCE [美] PRETENCE 的变体

pretension /priˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  an assertion of a claim 声称b  a justifiable claim (正当的)要求  has no pretensions to the name  配不上这个名称 has some pretensions to be included  包括一些合理的要求 2  pretentiousness 假装；矫饰 [medieval Latin praetensio, -tio (as PRETEND)]

pretentious /priˈtenʃəs/ adj.  1  making an excessive claim to great merit or importance 矫饰的；炫耀的；自我标榜的 2  ostentatious 虚夸的 □ pretentiously  adv.  □ pretentiousness  n.   [French prétentieux (as PRETENSION)]

preter- /ˈpri:tə/ comb. form  more than [构词成分]多于；超 [Latin praeter (adv. & prep.), = past, beyond]

preterite /ˈpret(ə)rit/ adj. & n. (US also [美亦] preterit) Gram. 【语法】  ●adj.  expressing a past action or state 过去时(态)的 ●n.  a preterite tense or form 过去时；过去式 [Middle English from Old French preterite or Latin praeteritus, past part. of praeterire ‘pass’ (as PRETER-, ire it- ‘go’)]

pre-term /pri:ˈtɜ:m/ adj. & adv.  born or occurring prematurely 早产的(地)；提前的(地)

pretermit /pri:təˈmit/ v. tr. (pretermitted, pretermitting) formal [正式]  1  omit to mention (a fact etc.) 不提(事实等) 2  omit to do or perform; neglect 忽略去做(施行)；遗漏 3  leave off (a custom or continuous action) for a time (暂时)中止(惯例或进行中的行动) □ pretermission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin praetermittere (as PRETER-, mittere miss- ‘let go’)]

preternatural /pri:təˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  outside the ordinary course of nature; supernatural 异常的；超自然的 □ preternaturalism  n.  □ preternaturally  adv.  

pretext /ˈpri:tekst/ n.  1  an ostensible or alleged reason or intention 借口(托词) 2  an excuse offered 口实 □ on (or under) the pretext  (foll. by 后跟 of, or that + clause)  professing as one's object or intention 以…为借口(托词) [Latin praetextus ‘outward display’ from praetexere praetext- (as PRAE-, texere ‘weave’)]

pretor US var.  of PRAETOR [美] PRAETOR 的变体

Pretoria /priˈtɔ:riə/ n.  比勒陀利亚 [南非首都]

pretorian US var.  of PRAETORIAN [美] PRAETORIAN 的变体

pretreat /pri:ˈtri:t/ v. tr.  treat beforehand 预处理 □ pretreatment  n.  

prettify /ˈpritifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make (a thing or person) pretty esp. in an affected way (尤指过分地)装饰(人或物) □ prettification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prettifier  n.  

pretty /ˈpriti/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. (prettier, prettiest)  1  attractive in a delicate way without being truly beautiful or handsome 漂亮的；标致的  a pretty child  可爱的孩子 a pretty dress  漂亮的衣服 a pretty tune  优美的曲调 2  pleasing; fine or good of its kind 讨人喜欢的；美好的；良好的  a pretty wit  敏捷的头脑 3 colloq. iron.  considerable, fine [口] [讽]相当多的；好的  a pretty penny  一大笔钱 a pretty mess you have made  你弄得太糟了 ●adv. colloq.  fairly, moderately; considerably [口]相当；颇；很大程度上  pretty well  很好 find it pretty difficult  觉得相当困难 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a pretty person (esp. as a form of address to a child) 心肝，宝贝(尤指作为对孩子的称谓) ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make pretty or attractive 使漂亮；使可爱 □ pretty much (or nearly or well)  colloq.  almost; very nearly [口]几乎；差不多□ sitting pretty  colloq.  in a favourable or advantageous position [口]处在极为有利的地位□ prettily  adv.  □ prettiness  n.  □ prettyish  adj.  □ prettyism  n.   [Old English prœttig, from West Germanic]

pretty-pretty adj. Brit.  too pretty [英]过分讲究修饰的；卖弄漂亮的

pretzel /ˈprets(ə)l/ n.  a crisp knot-shaped or stick-shaped salted biscuit 纽结状椒盐脆饼；椒盐卷饼 [German]

prevail /priˈveil/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 against, over)  be victorious or gain mastery 胜过；占优势 2  be the more usual or predominant 盛行；占上风 3  exist or occur in general use or experience; be current 普遍存在(发生) 4 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  persuade 劝说 □ prevailingly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin praevalēre (as PRAE-, valēre ‘have power’), influenced by AVAIL]

prevailing wind n.  the wind that most frequently occurs at a place 盛行风

prevalent /ˈprev(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  1  generally existing or occurring 普遍存在(发生)的 2  predominant 占优势的 □ prevalence  n.  □ prevalently  adv.   [as PREVAIL]

prevaricate /priˈværikeit/ v. intr.  1  speak or act evasively or misleadingly 推诿；搪塞 2  quibble, equivocate 支吾；含糊其辞 □ prevarication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prevaricator  n.   [Latin praevaricari ‘walk crookedly, practise collusion’, in ecclesiastical Latin ‘transgress’ (as PRAE-, varicari ‘straddle’ from varus ‘bent, knock-kneed’)]■Usage 用法说明 Prevaricate is often confused with procrastinate, which means ‘to defer or put off an action’. Prevaricate 常与表示“拖延，耽搁”的 procrastinate 相混淆。 

prevenient /priˈvi:niənt/ adj. formal  preceding something else (正式)在前的；先行的 [Latin praeveniens, pres. part of praevenire (as PREVENT)]

prevent /priˈvent/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from + verbal noun)  stop from happening or doing something; hinder; make impossible 防止；阻止；妨碍；使不可能  the weather prevented me from going  天气使得我不能去 2 archaic  go or arrive before, precede [古义]先去；先到；预先 □ preventable  adj. (also 亦作 preventible)  □ preventability  /-təˈbiliti/ n. (also 亦作 preventibility)  □ preventer  n.  □ prevention  n.   [Middle English = anticipate, from Latin praevenire praevent- ‘come before, hinder’ (as PRAE-, venire ‘come’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of prevent in sense 1 without from, as in prevented me going, is informal. An acceptable alternative is prevented my going. 释义 1 的 prevent 使用时不带 from, 如 prevented me going (不让我去), 被看作是非正式的用法。可接受的替换用法为 prevented my going 。 

preventative /priˈventətiv/ adj. & n.  = PREVENTIVE  □ preventatively  adv.  

preventive /priˈventiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to prevent, esp. preventing disease, breakdown, etc. 防止的，预防的(尤指预防疾病、衰竭等)  preventive medicine  预防医学 preventive maintenance  预防性维修 ●n.  a preventive agent, measure, drug, etc. 预防手段(措施、药物等) □ preventively  adv.  

preventive detention n.  the imprisonment of a criminal for corrective training etc. 预防性拘留

preview /ˈpri:vju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act of seeing in advance 预看，预观，预习 2  a  the showing of a film, play, exhibition, etc., before the official opening (电影、戏剧、展览等)预演；预展b (N. Amer. also [北美亦] prevue)  a film trailer 电影预告片 ●v. tr.  see or show in advance 预看；预演

previous /ˈpri:viəs/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  coming before in time or order 在先的；以前的  previous afternoon  前一天下午 previous attempts  上一次努力 2 colloq.  done or acting hastily [口]过早的；过急的 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  before 在…以前  had called previous to writing  在写信之前已经打了电话 □ previously  adv.  □ previousness  n.   [Latin praevius (as PRAE-, via ‘way’)]

previous question n. Parl.  a motion concerning the vote on a main question [议]先决问题

previse /priˈvaiz/ v. tr. literary  foresee or forecast (an event etc.) [文学用语]预见；预报(事件等) □ prevision  /-ˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ previsional  /-ˈviʒ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin praevidēre praevis - (as PRAE-, vidēre ‘see’)]

prevue N. Amer. var.  of PREVIEW n. 2b [北美] PREVIEW 名词 2b 的变体

pre-war /pri:ˈwɔ:/ adj.  existing, occurring, or built before a war (esp. the most recent major war) (存在、发生、建设于)战前的(尤指第二次世界大战以前的)■Usage 用法说明 Pre-war should not be used as an adverb, e.g. Pre-war, my father used to smoke. Before the war is preferable. Pre-war 不能作副词用，如 Per-war, my father used to smoke. 用 Before the war 更为可取。 

pre-wash /pri:ˈwɒʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a preliminary wash, esp. as performed in an automatic washing machine (尤指在自动洗衣机里的)预洗 ●v. tr.  give a preliminary wash to, esp. before putting on sale (尤指上市前)预洗

prex /preks/ n. US slang  a president, esp. the president of a college [美] [俚语] (尤指大学)校长 [alteration of abbreviation of PRESIDENT]

prexy /ˈpreksi/ n. (pl. -ies) US slang [美] [俚语]  = PREX  [PREX + -Y2]

prey /prei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an animal that is hunted or killed by another for food 被捕(食)的动物 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person or thing that is influenced by or vulnerable to (something undesirable) (成为讨厌东西的)牺牲者(品)  became a prey to morbid fears  成为病态恐怖的牺牲品 3 Bibl. or archaic  plunder, booty, etc. 【圣经】[古义]掠夺品(赃物等) ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  1  seek or take as prey 攫食；捕食 2  make a victim of 成为受害者 3 (of a disease, emotion, etc.) exert a harmful influence (疾病、感情等)损害，折磨  fear preyed on his mind  恐惧折磨他的心灵 □ preyer  n.   [Middle English via Old French preie from Latin praeda ‘booty’]

prezzie /ˈprezi/ n. (also 亦作 pressie) Brit. colloq.  a present or gift [英口]赠品，礼物 [abbreviation]

priapic /praiˈæpik/ adj.  phallic 阴茎的；生殖器崇拜的 [Priapos (as PRIAPISM) + -IC]

priapism /ˈpraiəpiz(ə)m/ n.  1  lewdness, licentiousness 猥亵；淫荡 2 Med.  persistent erection of the penis 【医】阴茎异常勃起 [French priapisme via Late Latin priapismus and Greek priapismos from priapizō ‘be lewd’, from Priapos, the name of the god of procreation]

price /prais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the amount of money or goods for which a thing is bought or sold 价格；价钱b  value or worth 价值；值钱  a pearl of great price  价值很高的珍珠 beyond price  无价之宝的 2  what is or must be given, done, sacrificed, etc., to obtain or achieve something 代价 3  the odds in betting (打赌中的)投注赔率  starting price  临赛赔率 ●v. tr.  1  fix or find the price of (a thing for sale) 给(出售物品)定价；标价 2  estimate the value of 给…估价 □ above (or beyond or without) price   so valuable that no price can be stated 极其珍贵的；无价的□ at any price   no matter what the cost, sacrifice, etc. 不惜任何代价  peace at any price  不惜任何代价也要和平□ at a price   at a high cost 以很高的价钱□ price on a person's head   a reward for a person's capture or death 悬赏缉拿(处死) (某人)□ price oneself out of the market   lose to one's competitors by charging more than customers are willing to pay 漫天要价以致无人问津□ set a price on   declare the price of 给某物定价格□ what price ...?  (often foll. by 常后跟 verbal noun) colloq. [口]  1  what is the chance of ...? 有可能吗？  what price your finishing the course?  你有可能完成课程吗？ 2 iron.  the expected or much boasted ... proves disappointing [讽]有什么用处？  what price your friendship now?  现在你们的友谊又顶什么用处？□ priced  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ pricer  n.   [the noun Middle English via Old French pris from Latin pretium: the verb a variant of prise = PRIZE1: cf. PRAISE]

price-fixing n.  the maintaining of prices at a certain level by agreement between competing sellers 价格垄断；操纵物价(销售商之间达成的协议)

priceless /ˈpraislis/ adj.  1  invaluable; beyond price 不可估价的；无价的 2 colloq.  very amusing or absurd [口]非常有趣的；极为荒唐的 □ pricelessly  adv.  □ pricelessness  n.  

price list n.  a list of current prices of items on sale 价格表

price ring n.  a group of traders acting illegally to control certain prices 价格垄断集团；操纵物价集团

price-sensitive adj.  1 (of a product) whose sales are greatly influenced by its price (产品)易受价格影响的 2 (of information) that would affect prices if it were made public (信息)易影响价格的

price tag n.  1  the label on an item showing its price 价格标签 2  the cost of an enterprise or undertaking 费用

price war n.  fierce competition among traders cutting prices (商人在竞争中不断削价的)价格战

pricey /ˈpraisi/ adj. (also 亦作 pricy) (pricier, priciest) colloq.  expensive [口]昂贵的，价格高的 □ priciness  n.  

prick /prik/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  pierce slightly; make a small hole in (轻)刺；戳(洞)；扎(洞) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out)  mark (esp. a pattern) with small holes or dots 刺孔标出(尤指图案) 3 tr.  trouble mentally 使…内心痛苦  my conscience is pricking me  我受到良心的责备 4 intr.  feel a pricking sensation 感到刺痛 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, into, etc.)  make a thrust as if to prick 投刺 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, off, out)  plant (seedlings etc.) in small holes made in the earth with eg a pointed stick 移植(幼苗等) 7 tr. Brit. archaic  mark off (a name in a list, esp. to select a sheriff) by pricking [英古义]在(名单上)做记号(尤指选郡长等) 8 tr. archaic  spur or urge on (a horse etc.) [古义]刺踢；驱赶(马等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of pricking 刺；戳 2  a small hole or mark made by pricking 戳的小洞；刺痕 3  a pain caused as by pricking 刺痛 4  a mental pain 内疚  felt the pricks of conscience  良心上感到内疚 5 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  the penis 阴茎b derog. (as a term of contempt) a man [贬] (表示蔑视)讨厌鬼；笨蛋 6 archaic  a goad for oxen [古义] (赶牛用)刺棒 □ kick against the pricks   persist in futile resistance 作徒劳无益的反抗□ prick up one's ears   1 (of a dog etc.) make the ears erect when on the alert (狗等)竖起耳朵听 2 (of a person) become suddenly attentive (人)侧耳倾听□ pricker  n.   [Old English prician (v.), pricca (n.)]

pricket /ˈprikit/ n.  1  a male fallow deer in its second year, having straight unbranched horns (双角笔直尚未生叉的)二岁雄鹿 2  a spike for holding a candle 蜡烛扦 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin prikettus -um, diminutive of PRICK]

prickle /ˈprik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small thorn 小棘刺b Bot.  a thornlike process developed from the epidermis of a plant 【植】皮刺 2  a hard-pointed spine of a hedgehog etc. (刺猬等的)刺 3  a prickling sensation 刺感 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  affect or be affected with a sensation as of pricking 使感到刺痛；引起刺痛 2 intr.  react defensively or aggressively to a situation (对形势)作出反应 [Old English pricel PRICK: the verb partly a diminutive of PRICK]

prickly /ˈprikli/ adj. (pricklier, prickliest)  1 (esp. in the names of plants and animals) having prickles (尤指动植物名称上)多刺的 2 (of a person) ready to take offence (人)易动怒的 3  tingling 针刺般痛的 □ prickliness  n.  

prickly heat n.  an itchy inflammation of the skin, causing a tingling sensation and common in hot countries 痱子；粟(粒)疹；汗疹

prickly pear n.  1  any cactus of the genus Opuntia, native to arid regions of America, bearing barbed bristles and large pear-shaped prickly fruits (仙人掌属，生长在美洲干旱地区，有刺，果似梨状的)仙人果 2  its fruit 仙人果的果实

prickly poppy n.  a tropical poppy, Argemone mexicana, with prickly leaves and yellow flowers (叶有刺，开黄花的)蓟罂粟

pricy var.  of PRICEY  PRICEY 的变体

pride /praid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a feeling of elation or satisfaction at achievements or qualities or possessions etc. that do one credit 自豪，得意b (prec. by 前接 the; foll. by 后跟 of)  the object of this feeling 引以自豪的人(物)  the pride of the museum's collection  博物馆收藏品中的得意之作 2  a high or overbearing opinion of one's worth or importance 傲慢；自大 3 (in full 全称 proper pride)  a proper sense of what befits one's position; self-respect. 自尊心；自尊 4  a group or company (of animals, esp. lions) 一群(动物，尤指狮子) 5 esp. literary  the best condition; the prime [尤文学用语]全盛(期)；顶点 ●v. refl. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be proud of 以…自豪 □ my, his, etc.  pride and joy a thing of which one is very proud 引以为自豪的事□ take pride (or a pride) in   1  be proud of 以…自豪 2  maintain in good condition or appearance be satisfied with 对…感到满意(得意)□ prideful  adj.  □ pridefully  adv.  □ prideless  adj.   [Old English pryˉtu, pryˉte, pryˉde from prūd PROUD]

pride of place n.  the most important or prominent position 最重要的地位；显赫的地位

pride of the morning n.  a mist or shower at sunrise, supposedly indicating a fine day to come (预示天气晴朗的)晨雾(阵雨)

prie-dieu /pri:ˈdjɜ:/ n. (pl. prie-dieux pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a kneeling-desk for prayer 祈祷台 [French, = pray God]

priest /pri:st/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an ordained minister of the Roman Catholic or Orthodox Church, or of the Anglican Church (above a deacon and below a bishop), authorized to perform certain rites and administer certain sacraments (天主教)神父；(东正教)牧师；(圣公会)司祭 2  an official minister of a non-Christian religion (非基督教教会的)神职人员 ●v. tr.  make (a person) a priest; ordain 任命…为神父(牧师、司祭)；委任…为神职人员 □ priestless  adj.  □ priestlike  adj.  □ priestling  n.   [Old English prēost, ultimately from ecclesiastical Latin presbyter: see PRESBYTER]

priestcraft /ˈpri:s(t)krɑ:ft/ n. usu. derog.  the work and influence of priests [通常贬]牧师的本领(影响)

priestess /ˈpri:stis/ n.  a female priest of a non-Christian religion (非基督教教会的)女神职人员

priesthood /ˈpri:sthʊd/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  1  the office or position of priest 牧师的职位(地位) 2  priests in general (总称)牧师(神父、司祭等)

priest-in-charge n. (pl. priests-in-charge)  a minister in charge of a parish which for the time being lacks an incumbent priest (因暂时缺少牧师而担任的)负责教区的神职人员

priestly /ˈpri:stli/ adj.  of or associated with priests (适于)牧师(司祭、神父、神职人员)的 □ priestliness  n.   [Old English prēostlic (as PRIEST)]

priest's hole n. hist.  a hiding place for a Roman Catholic priest during times of religious persecution [史义] (受宗教迫害时)罗马天主教神父的秘密藏身处

prig /priɡ/ n.  a self-righteously correct or moralistic person 一本正经的人；道学先生 □ priggery  n.  □ priggish  adj.  □ priggishly  adv.  □ priggishness  n.   [16th-c. slang, = tinker, hence ‘an unpleasant person’: origin unknown]

prim /prim/ adj. & v. ●adj. (primmer, primmest)  1 (of a person or manner) stiffly formal and precise (人、举止)循规蹈矩的；刻板的 2 (of a woman or girl) demure (妇女、女孩子)娴静的；端庄的 3  prudish 过分拘谨的 ●v. tr. (primmed, primming)  1  form (the face, lips, etc.) into a prim expression 使(脸、唇等)显出一本正经的表情 2  make prim 使整洁 □ primly  adv.  □ primness  n.   [18th c.: probably via Old French prin prime ‘excellent’ from Latin primus ‘first’]

prima ballerina /ˌpri:mə bæləˈri:nə/ n. (pl. prima ballerinas)  the chief female dancer in a ballet or ballet company (芭蕾舞、芭蕾舞剧团中的)女主角演员 [Italian]

primacy /ˈpraiməsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  pre-eminence 卓越；杰出 2  the office of a primate 首席主教的职位 [Middle English from Old French primatie or medieval Latin primatia (as PRIMATE)]

prima donna /pri:mə ˈdɒnə/ n. (pl. prima donnas)  1  the chief female singer in an opera or opera company (在歌剧、歌剧团中的)女主角演员 2  a temperamentally self-important person 高傲又喜怒无常的人 □ prima donna-ish  adj.   [Italian]

primaeval var.  of PRIMEVAL  PRIMEVAL 的变体

prima facie /praimə ˈfeiʃii:/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  at first sight; from a first impression 乍看时；据初次印象  seems prima facie to be guilty  初看起来像是有罪的 ●adj. (of evidence) based on the first impression (证据)建立在初次印象基础上的  can see a prima facie reason for it  能看出初步的理由 [Middle English from Latin, fem. ablative of primus ‘first’, facies FACE]

primal /ˈpraim(ə)l/ adj.  1  primitive, primeval 原始的；早期的 2  chief, fundamental 主要的；根本的 □ primally  adv.   [medieval Latin primalis from Latin primus ‘first’]

primary /ˈpraim(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of the first importance; chief 首要的；主要的  that is our primary concern  这是我们首先关心的事b  fundamental, basic 基本的；根本的 2  earliest, original; first in a series 最初的；原先的；早期的 3  of the first rank in a series; not derived 首位的；原生的  the primary meaning of a word  词的原义 4 (of a battery or cell) generating electricity by irreversible chemical reaction (电池组、电池)一次性的 5 (of education) for young children, esp. below the age of 11 (教育)初等的(尤指 11 岁以下) 6 (作 Primary) Geol.  of the lowest series of strata 【地质】原生的 7 Biol.  belonging to the first stage of development 【生】初级的 8 (of an industry or source of production) concerned with obtaining or using raw materials (工业、产品来源)直接从原料中取得的 9 Gram. (of a tense in Latin and Greek) present, future, perfect, or future perfect (cf. 参见 HISTORIC 2) 【语法】(拉丁语和希腊语的时态)现在的；将来的；完成的；将来完成的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing that is primary 居首位的事物 2 (in full 全称 primary election) (in the US) a preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal (esp. presidential) election (美国)初选；(尤指总统选举的)预选 3 Astron.  a  the body orbited by a satellite etc. 【天】(有卫星的)主星b  = PRIMARY PLANET  4 (Primary) Geol.  the Primary period 【地质】古生代 5  = PRIMARY FEATHER  6  = PRIMARY COIL  □ primarily  /ˈpraim(ə)rili, -ˈmerili/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin primarius, from primus ‘first’]

primary coil n.  a coil to which current is supplied in a transformer 一次(初级)线圈

primary colour n.  any of the colours red, green, and blue, or (for pigments) red, blue, and yellow, from which all other colours can be obtained by mixing 基色，原色

primary feather n.  a large flight feather of a bird's wing (鸟的)初级飞羽

primary planet n.  a planet that directly orbits the sun (cf. 参见 SECONDARY PLANET) 主星

primary school n.  a school where young children are taught, esp. below the age of 11 小学(尤指 11 岁以下儿童上的学校)

primate /ˈpraimeit/ n.  1  any animal of the order Primates, the highest order of mammals, including tarsiers, lemurs, apes, monkeys, and humans 灵长目动物(包括眼镜猴、狐猴、类人猿、猴子及人) 2 /also 亦作 ˈpraimət/  an archbishop 首席主教 □ primatial  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French primat from Latin primas -atis ‘of the first rank’, from primus ‘first’, in medieval Latin = primate]

Primate of All England n.  the Archbishop of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教(全英主教长)

Primate of England n.  the Archbishop of York 约克大主教

primatology /praiməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of zoology that deals with primates 灵长目动物学 □ primatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ primatologist  n.  

primavera /pri:məˈverə/ n.  1  a Central American tree, Cybistax donnellsmithii, bearing yellow blooms (产自中美洲，花呈黄色的)白桃花心木 2  the hard light-coloured timber from this (质地坚硬的)白桃花心木(木材) [Spanish, = spring (the season), from Latin primus ‘first’ + ver SPRING]

prime1 /praim/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  chief, most important 主要的；重要的  the prime agent  主因 the prime motive  主要动机 2 (esp. of cattle and provisions) first-rate, excellent (尤指牛、供应品)第一流的；头等的 3  primary, fundamental 原有的；基本的 4 Math. 【数】  a (of a number) divisible only by itself and unity (数字)质数的 (e.g. 如 2, 3, 5, 9, 11)b (of numbers) having no common factor but unity (数字)素数的 ●n.  1  the state of the highest perfection of something 全盛时期  in the prime of life  在壮年时期 2 (prec. by 前接 the; foll. by 后跟 of)  the best part 最好部分，精华 3  the beginning or first age of anything 最初，初期 4 Eccl. 【教会】  a  the office of the second canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the first hour of the day (i.e. 6 a.m.) 晨祷(即早晨 6 时)b archaic  this time [古义]晨祷时间 5  a prime number 素(质)数 6 Printing  a symbol (′) added to a letter etc. as a distinguishing mark, or to a figure as a symbol for minutes or feet 【印刷】上撇符号“′”(表示字母重音号、分钟号、英尺号) 7  the first of eight parrying positions in fencing (击剑中 8 个防御姿势中的)第一姿势 □ primeness  n.   [the noun Old English prīm from Latin prima (hora) ‘first (hour)’ & Middle French from Old French prime: the adjective Middle English via Old French from Latin primus ‘first’]

prime2 /praim/ v. tr.  1  prepare (a thing) for use or action (为使用、行动)准备(某物) 2  prepare (a gun) for firing or (an explosive) for detonation 为(枪)装火药；给…装炸药 3  a  pour a liquid into (a pump) to prepare it for working 给(水泵)注水b  inject petrol into (the cylinder or carburettor of an internal-combustion engine) 给(内燃机的汽缸、汽化器)注汽油发动 4  prepare (wood etc.) for painting by applying a substance that prevents paint from being absorbed 给(木材等)打底色(底漆) 5  equip (a person) with information etc. 给(某人)提供信息等 6  ply (a person) with food or drink in preparation for something 为(某事)使(某人)吃饱喝足 [16th c.: origin unknown]

prime cost n.  the direct cost of a commodity in terms of materials, labour, etc. 主要成本(指商品生产所用人工和材料的成本部分)

prime meridian n.  1  the meridian from which longitude is reckoned, esp. that passing through Greenwich (尤指经过格林尼治的)本初子午线 2  the corresponding line on a map 地图上的本初子午线

prime minister n.  the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign or state 首相；总理

prime mover n.  1  an initial natural or mechanical source of motive power 原动力 2  the author of a fruitful idea 提倡者，倡导者

primer1 /ˈpraimə/ n.  1  a substance used to prime wood etc. (给木材等打底色的)涂底料，底漆 2  a cap, cylinder, etc., used to ignite the powder of a cartridge etc. 火帽(雷管等)

primer2 /ˈpraimə/ n.  1  an elementary textbook for teaching children to read (儿童的)初级读本 2  an introductory book 入门书 [Middle English from Anglo-French via medieval Latin primarius -arium from Latin primus ‘first’]

prime rate n.  the lowest rate at which money can be borrowed commercially 最低贷款利率

prime time n.  the time at which a radio or television audience is expected to be at its highes (广播、电视的)黄金时间 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : prime-time viewing  黄金时间收视率

primeval /praiˈmi:v(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 primaeval)  1  of or relating to the first age of the world (关于)原始的，太古的 2  ancient, primitive 古代的；远古的；早期的 □ primevally  adv.   [Latin primaevus, from primus ‘first’ + aevum ‘age’]

prime vertical n.  the great circle of the heavens passing through the zenith and the E. and W. points of the horizon 卯酉圈

primigravida /pri:miˈɡrævidə, praim-/ n. (pl. primigravidae /-di:/)  a woman who is pregnant for the first time 初孕妇(初次怀孕的妇女) [modern Latin, fem., from Latin primus ‘first’ + gravidus ‘pregnant’: see GRAVID]

priming1 /ˈpraimiŋ/ n.  1  a mixture used by painters for a preparatory coat 涂底料，底漆 2  a preparation of sugar added to beer (加在啤酒中的)浓糖溶液 3  a  gunpowder placed in the pan of a firearm 引火药b  a train of powder connecting the fuse with the charge in blasting etc. (火药)导火线

priming2 /ˈpraimiŋ/ n.  an acceleration of the tides taking place from the neap to the spring tides (从小潮到大潮间发生的)涨潮 [from the verb prime (from PRIME1) + -ING1]

primipara /praiˈmip(ə)rə/ n. (pl. primiparae /-ri:/) Med.  a woman who is giving birth for the first time 【医】初产妇 □ primiparous  adj.   [modern Latin, fem., from primus ‘first’ + -parus from parere ‘bring forth’]

primitive /ˈprimitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  early, ancient; at an early stage of civilization 早期的；上古的；原始的  primitive man  原始人 2  undeveloped, crude, simple 未开化的；粗糙的；简单的  primitive methods  简单的方法 3  original, primary 原来的；最初的 4 Gram. & Philol. (of words or language) radical; not derivative 【语法】【语文】(词或语言)根词的；非派生的 5 Math. (of a line, figure, etc.) from which another is derived, from which some construction begins, etc. 【数】(线、图形等)本原的；原始的 6 (of a colour) primary (颜色)原来的；基本的 7 Geol.  of the earliest period 【地质】原始的 8 Biol.  appearing in the earliest or a very early stage of growth or evolution 【生】初期的；原生的 ●n.  1  a  a painter of the period before the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期以前的画家b  a modern imitator of such 模仿早期艺术风格的画家c  an untutored painter with a direct naive style (画风质朴)自学成才的画家d  a picture by such a painter (自学成才画家的)作品 2  a primitive word, line, etc. 原词(线等) □ primitively  adv.  □ primitiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French primitif -ive or Latin primitivus ‘first of its kind’, via primitus ‘in the first place’ from primus ‘first’]

Primitive Church n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the Christian Church in its earliest times 早期基督教教会

primitivism /ˈprimitiviz(ə)m/ n.  1  primitive behaviour 原始行为 2  belief in the superiority of what is primitive 尚古主义 3  the practice of primitive art (艺术)原始风格 □ primitivist  n. & adj.  

primo /ˈpri:məʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  the leading or upper part in a duet etc. 【音】(二重唱、二重奏等的)第一声部 [Italian, = first]

primogenitor /praimə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitə/ n.  1  the earliest ancestor of a people etc. (人等的)始祖 2  an ancestor 祖先 [variant of progenitor, suggested by PRIMOGENITURE]

primogeniture /praimə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitʃə/ n.  1  the fact or condition of being the first-born child 长嗣身份 2 (in full 全称 right of primogeniture)  the right of succession belonging to the first-born, esp. the feudal rule by which the whole real estate of an intestate passes to the eldest son (封建统治社会的)长嗣继承权 □ primogenital  adj.  □ primogenitary  adj.   [medieval Latin primogenitura, from Latin primo ‘first’ + genitura from gignere genit- ‘beget’]

primordial /praiˈmɔ:diəl/ adj.  1  existing at or from the beginning, primeval 开始便存在的；原始的 2  original, fundamental 起初的；基本的 □ primordiality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ primordially  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin primordialis (as PRIMORDIUM)]

primordium /praiˈmɔ:diəm/ n. (pl. primordia /-diə/) Biol.  an organ or tissue in the early stages of development 【生】原基 [Latin, neut. of primordius ‘original’, from primus ‘first’ + ordiri ‘begin’]

primp /primp/ v. tr.  1  make (the hair, one's clothes, etc.) tidy 整理(自己的头发、服装等) 2 refl.  make (oneself) smart 打扮(自己) [dialect variant of PRIM]

primrose /ˈprimrəʊz/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any plant of the genus Primula, esp. P. vulgaris, bearing pale yellow flowers (花呈浅黄色)报春花；欧洲樱草 2 (in full 全称 primrose yellow)  a pale yellow colour 淡黄色 ●adj. (in full 全称 primrose yellow; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  pale yellow 淡黄色的 [Middle English primerose, corresponding to Old French primerose and medieval Latin prima rosa, literally ‘first rose’: reason for the name unknown]

primrose path n.  the pursuit of pleasure, esp. with disastrous consequences (with reference to Shakespeare's Hamlet 参阅莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》 I. iii. 50) (尤指最终使人堕落的)享乐之路

primula /ˈprimjʊlə/ n.  any plant of the genus Primula, bearing primrose-like flowers in a wide variety of colours during the spring, including primroses, cowslips, and polyanthuses 报春花属植物(包括欧洲樱草、药用樱草、西洋樱草) [medieval Latin, fem. of primulus, diminutive of primus ‘first’]

primum mobile /praiməm ˈməʊbili, pri:məm/ n.  1  the central or most important source of motion or action (运动或行动的)主因；原动力 2 Astron.  in the medieval version of the Ptolemaic system, an outer sphere supposed to move round the earth in 24 hours carrying the inner spheres with it 【天】原动天；第十层天(托勒密学说的最外层天体，带动所有天体转动) [medieval Latin, = first moving thing]

Primus /ˈpraiməs/ n. Brit. propr.  a brand of portable stove burning vaporized oil for cooking etc. [英] [商标] (便携式)普赖姆斯汽化炉 [Latin (as PRIMUS)]

primus /ˈpraiməs/ n.  the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church (苏格兰圣公会的)首席主教 [Latin, = first]

primus inter pares /ˌpri:məs intə ˈpɑ:ri:z, ˌpraiməs/ n.  a first among equals; the senior or representative member of a group 同级(同辈)中居首位者；团体中年长者(或代表) [Latin]

prince /prins/ n. (as a title usu. 用作称号通常作 Prince)  1  a male member of a royal family other than a reigning king 亲王(王室家族(国王除外)的男性成员) 2 (in full 全称 prince of the blood)  a son or grandson of a British monarch (英国君王的)王子；王孙 3  a ruler of a small state, actually or nominally subject to a king or emperor (附属的小国的)统治者 4 (as an English rendering of foreign titles) a noble usu. ranking next below a duke 贵族(通常对外国侯爵的英语称呼) 5 (as a courtesy title in some connections) a duke, marquess, or earl (某些亲属中作为尊称)公爵；侯爵；伯爵 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the chief or greatest 巨头；大王  the prince of novelists  小说界的名家 □ princedom  n.  □ princelike  adj.  □ princeship  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin princeps principis ‘first, chief, sovereign’, from primus ‘first’ + capere ‘take’]

Prince Charming n.  an idealized young hero or lover 理想中的年轻英雄(或恋人)；白马王子

prince consort n.  1  the husband of a reigning female sovereign who is himself a prince 女王(女皇)的丈夫(其本人是王子)，王夫 2  the title conferred on him 授予王夫的称号

princeling /ˈprinsliŋ/ n.  1  a young prince 年幼王子 2  the ruler of a small principality or domain (小侯国或领地的)统治者

princely /ˈprinsli/ adj. (princelier, princeliest)  1  a  of or worthy of a prince 王子(侯)的；与王子(侯)地位相称的b  held by a prince 王子(侯)掌握(权力)的 2  sumptuous, generous, splendid 奢侈的；慷慨的；豪华的 □ princeliness  n.  

Prince of Darkness n.  Satan 撒旦，魔鬼

Prince of Peace n.  Christ 耶稣基督

prince of the blood  see 见 PRINCE 2 

Prince of Wales n.  the heir apparent to the British throne, the eldest son of the sovereign 威尔士亲王(英国太子的称号)

Prince Regent n.  a prince who acts as regent, esp. George (afterwards IV) as regent 1811 － 20 摄政王(尤指 1811 至 1820 年间统治英国的乔治四世)

prince royal n.  the eldest son of a reigning monarch 太子(君主的长子)

prince's feather n.  a tall plant, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, with feathery spikes of small red flowers 硬穗苋(带小红穗状花序)

prince's metal n.  a brasslike alloy of copper and zinc 鲁珀特合金(一种铜锌合金)

princess /prinˈses/ n. (as a title usu. 作为称号时通常作 Princess /ˈprinses/)  1  the wife of a prince 王子的夫人；王妃 2  a female member of a royal family other than a reigning queen 王室家族(女王除外)的女性成员 3 (in full 全形 princess of the blood)  a daughter or granddaughter of a British monarch (英国的)公主；孙公主 4  a pre-eminent woman or thing personified as a woman 表现杰出的妇女；拟似女杰的事物 [Middle English from Old French princesse (as PRINCE)]

Princess Regent n.  1  a princess who acts as regent 女摄政王 2  the wife of a Prince Regent 摄政王妃

Princess Royal n.  the eldest daughter of a reigning monarch, esp. as a title conferred by the British monarch (尤指英国君王授予称号的)长公主

principal /ˈprinsip(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  first in rank or importance; chief 第一的；首要的；主要的  the principal town of the district  该地区最重要的城镇 2  main, leading 首要的；领头的  a principal cause of my success  我成功的首要原因 3 (of money) constituting the original sum invested or lent (钱)本金的 ●n.  1  a head, ruler, or superior 为首的人；首领；长官 2  the head of some schools, colleges, and universities (学校、学院、大学的)校长 3  the leading performer in a concert, play, etc. (音乐会、戏剧等中的)主角，主要演员 4  a capital sum as distinguished from interest or income 本金 5  a person for whom another acts as agent etc. 委托人；被代理人 6 (in the UK) a civil servant of the grade below Secretary (英国) (次于大臣的文职人员)主管 7  the person actually responsible for a crime 主犯 8  a person for whom another is surety 主债务人 9 hist.  each of the combatants in a duel [史义]决斗的任何一方 10  a  a main rafter supporting purlins 主椽木b  a main girder 主梁 11  an organ stop sounding an octave above the diapason 主音栓 12 Mus.  the leading player in each section of an orchestra 【音】(管弦乐队的)主要演奏者 □ principalship  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original’ (as PRINCE)]

principal boy n. (also 亦作 principal girl) Brit.  an actress who takes the leading male (or female) part in a pantomime [英]哑剧中的男主角(或女主角) (常由女演员扮演)

principal clause n. Gram.  a clause to which another clause is subordinate 【语法】主句

principal in the first degree n.  a person directly responsible for a crime as its actual perpetrator 一级主犯

principal in the second degree n.  a person directly responsible for a crime as aiding in its perpetration 二级主犯

principality /prinsiˈpæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state ruled by a prince 公国；侯国 2  the government of a prince 公(侯)国政府 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the seventh order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 权天使 (9 级天使中的第 7 级) 4 (作 the Principality) Brit.  Wales [英]威尔士 [Middle English via Old French principalité from Late Latin principalitas -tatis (as PRINCIPAL)]

principally /ˈprinsip(ə)li/ adv.  for the most part; chiefly 大部分；主要地

principal parts n. pl. Gram.  the parts of a verb from which all other parts can be deduced 【语法】(动词的)主要部分

principate /ˈprinsipət/ n. Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  1  the rule of the early emperors during which some republican forms were retained 早期帝政(保留某些共和政治色彩) 2  this period 早期帝政时期 [Middle English from Old French principat or Latin principatus ‘first place’ (as PRINCE)]

principle /ˈprinsip(ə)l/ n.  1  a fundamental truth or law as the basis of reasoning or action 原理；原则  arguing from first principles  从基本原理推理 moral principles  道义 2  a  a personal code of conduct 行为准则；信条  a person of high principle  有高度道德原则的人b (in pl. 用复数)  such rules of conduct 行为规范  has no principles  不讲原则 3  a general law in physics etc. (物理学等的)基本原理  the uncertainty principle  测不准原理 4  a law of nature forming the basis for the construction or working of a machine etc. (机器等的)构造(工作)原理 5  a fundamental source; a primary element 起源；本原  held water to be the first principle of all things  认为水是万物之源 6 Chem.  a constituent of a substance, esp. one giving rise to some quality etc. 【化】要素；成分 □ in principle   as regards fundamentals but not necessarily in detail 原则上，大体上□ on principle   on the basis of a moral attitude 按照原则  I refuse on principle  我拒绝是按原则办事 [Middle English via Old French principe from Latin principium ‘source’ (in pl.) ‘foundations’ (as PRINCE)]

principled /ˈprinsip(ə)ld/ adj.  based on or having (esp. praiseworthy) principles of behaviour 有原则的(尤指值得称赞的原则)

prink /priŋk/ v.  1 tr. (usu. 通常作 refl.)  a  make (oneself etc.) smart 给(自己等)梳妆打扮b (foll. by 后跟 up)  smarten (oneself) up 打扮(自己)c (of a bird) preen (鸟)用喙整理 2 intr.  dress oneself up 打扮得漂亮 [16th c.: probably from prank ‘dress, adorn’, related to Middle Low German prank ‘pomp’, Dutch pronk ‘finery’]

print /print/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an indentation or mark on a surface left by the pressure of a thing in contact with it 压痕；印痕  fingerprint  指纹 footprint  脚印 2  a  printed lettering or writing 印刷(或书写印刷)字体  large print  大字体b  words in printed form 印出的词c  a printed publication, esp. a newspaper 印刷品(尤指报纸)d  the quantity of a book etc. printed at one time (书等的)1 次印刷量e  the state of being printed 印刷 3  a picture or design printed from a block or plate 印出的版画(图案) 4 Photog.  a picture produced on paper from a negative 【摄】(由底片印出的)照片，正片 5  a printed cotton fabric 印花布 ●v. tr.  1  a  produce or reproduce (a book, picture, etc.) by applying inked types, blocks, or plates, to paper, vellum, etc. 印刷(书、图片等)b (of an author, publisher, or editor) cause (a book or manuscript etc.) to be produced or reproduced in this way (作者、出版商、编辑)使(书或原稿等)出版；再版 2  express or publish in print 把…用书面表达(发表) 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 on, in)  impress or stamp (a mark or figure on a surface) 打上(印记)；压印(图案)b (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  impress or stamp (a soft surface, e.g. of butter or wax, with a seal, die, etc.) 压印于(软物表面上) 4 (often absol. [常含宾])  write (words or letters) without joining, in imitation of typography 用印刷体写(词、字母) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 off, out) Photog.  produce (a picture) by the transmission of light through a negative 【摄】用底片印(图片) 6 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out) (of a computer etc.) produce output in printed form (计算机等)打印出 7  mark (a textile fabric) with a decorative design in colours 印花样于(纺织物上) 8 (foll. by 后跟 on)  impress (an idea, scene, etc. on the mind or memory) (在心头、记忆中)铭记(想法、情景等) 9  transfer (a coloured or plain design) from paper etc. to the unglazed or glazed surface of ceramic ware 转印(彩色、单色图案)于瓷器表面上 □ appear in print   have one's work published 已出版□ in print   1 (of a book etc.) available from the publisher (书等)在出售的 2  in printed form 已印出的□ out of print   no longer available from the publisher 已售完的□ printable  adj.  □ printability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.  □ printless  adj. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French priente, preinte, fem. past part. of preindre ‘press’, from Latin premere]

printed circuit n.  an electric circuit with thin strips of conductor on a flat insulating sheet, usu. made by a process like printing 印刷电路(板)

printer /ˈprintə/ n.  1  a person who prints books, magazines, advertising matter, etc. 印刷工人 2  the owner of a printing business 印刷商 3  a device that prints, esp. as part of a computer system 印刷机；印字机(尤指计算机系统中的打印机)

printer's devil n. hist.  an errand-boy in a printing office [史义]印刷所的学徒

printer's mark n.  a device used as a printer's trade mark 出版社商标(标记)

printer's pie n.  = PIE3n. 1 

printery /ˈprint(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) US  a printer's office or works [美]印刷所，印刷厂

printhead /ˈprinthed/ n.  the component in a printer (see PRINTER 3) that assembles and prints the characters on the paper 印字机的头，打印头

printing /ˈprintiŋ/ n.  1  the production of printed books etc. 印刷 2  a single impression of a book 印刷品；印次 3  printed letters or writing imitating them 印刷字体；书写的印刷字体

printing press n.  a machine for printing from types or plates etc. 印刷机

printmaker /ˈprintmeikə/ n.  a person who makes prints 制版者；版画复制匠 □ printmaking  n.  

printout /ˈprintaʊt/ n.  1  output in printed form 打印输出 2  an instance of this 打印出的文件

printworks /ˈprintwɜ:ks/ n. pl.  a factory where fabrics are printed 印染厂

prion1 /ˈpraiən/ n.  a small saw-billed petrel of the genus Pachyptila, of southern seas (南海)锯鹱 [modern Latin (former genus name) from Greek priōn ‘a saw’]

prion2 /ˈpri:ɒn/ n. Biol.  a protein particle associated with and believed to be the cause of encephalopathies such as scrapie, BSE, kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 【生】蛋白质致病颗粒，朊病毒 [by rearrangement from ‘proteinaceous infectious particle’]

prior /ˈpraiə/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  earlier 在前的；在先的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  coming before in time, order, or importance (时间、顺序或重要性上)在…之前的；优先的 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  before 在前  decided prior to their arrival  他们到达之前决定 ●n. (fem. prioress /-ris/)  1  the superior officer of a religious house or order (寺院、宗教教派中的)高级干事 2 (in an abbey) the officer next under the abbot (or abbess) (在大修道院中仅次于(女)院长的)修道院(女)副院长 □ priorate  /-rət/ n.  □ priorship  n.   [Latin, = former, elder, comparative of Old Latin pri = Latin prae ‘before’]

priority /praiˈɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the fact or condition of being earlier or antecedent 在先；居前 2  precedence in rank etc. (地位、头衔等)居前；上位 3  an interest having prior claim to consideration 优先考虑(的事) □ prioritize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ prioritization  /-taiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French priorité and medieval Latin prioritas -tatis from Latin prior (as PRIOR)]

priory /ˈpraiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a monastery governed by a prior or a nunnery governed by a prioress 小修道院 [Middle English from Anglo-French priorie, medieval Latin prioria (as PRIOR)]

Priscilla /priˈsilə/   普里西拉 [人名]

prise /praiz/ v. & n. (US [美] prize) ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, open, etc.)  force open or out by leverage 强行打开；撬开  prised up the lid  把盖撬起 prised the box open  把箱子撬开 2  move or remove with difficulty 使劲移动；费劲地挪动  could not be prised from his vantage point  不能把他从优越的位子上搬掉 ●n.  leverage, purchase 杠杆作用；起重装置 [Middle English & Old French prise ‘levering instrument’ (as PRIZE1)]

prism /ˈpriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a solid geometric figure whose two ends are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms 棱柱体 2  a transparent body in this form, usu. triangular with refracting surfaces at an acute angle with each other, which separates white light into a spectrum of colours 棱镜 □ prismal  /ˈprizm(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin prisma from Greek prisma prismatos ‘thing sawn’, from prizō ‘to saw’]

prismatic /prizˈmætik/ adj.  1  of, like, or using a prism (似)棱柱的；棱柱形的 2  a (of colours) distributed by or as if by a transparent prism (似)棱镜分光(颜色)的b (of light) displayed in the form of a spectrum (光)射出七色光彩的 □ prismatically  adv.   [French prismatique from Greek prisma (as PRISM)]

prismoid /ˈprizmɔid/ n.  a body like a prism, with similar but unequal parallel polygonal ends 平截头棱锥体 □ prismoidal  /-ˈmɔid(ə)l/ adj.  

prison /ˈpriz(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place in which a person is kept in captivity, esp. a building to which persons are legally committed while awaiting trial or for punishment; a jail 监狱；牢房 2  custody, confinement 拘留；禁闭  in prison  在牢中 ●v. tr. (prisoned, prisoning) poet.  put in prison [诗]把…关进牢中 [Middle English via Old French prisun, -on from Latin prensio -onis, via prehensio from prehendere prehens- ‘lay hold of’]

prison-breaking n.  escape from prison 越狱

prison camp n.  a camp for prisoners of war or of state 战俘集中营

prisoner /ˈpriz(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person kept in prison 犯人 2 (in full 全称 prisoner at the bar)  a person in custody on a criminal charge and on trial 刑事被告 3  a person or thing confined by illness, another's grasp, etc. 因病(或被控)失去自由的人；被控制的东西 4  = PRISONER OF WAR  □ take prisoner   seize and hold as a prisoner 俘虏(某人) [Middle English from Anglo-French prisoner, Old French prisonier (as PRISON)]

prisoner of conscience n.  a person imprisoned by a state for holding political or religious views it does not tolerate 政治犯

prisoner of state n. (also 亦作 state prisoner)  a person confined for political reasons 政治犯；国事犯

prisoner of war n.  a person who is captured in war 战俘 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : prisoner-of-war camp  战俘集中营

prisoner's base n.  a game played by two parties of children, each occupying a distinct base or home 抓俘虏游戏(一种儿童游戏)

prissy /ˈprisi/ adj. (prissier, prissiest)  prim, prudish 谨小慎微的；刻板的 □ prissily  adv.  □ prissiness  n.   [perhaps from PRIM + SISSY]

pristine /ˈpristi:n, -stain/ adj.  1  in its original condition; unspoilt 原始状态的；未受破坏的 2 disp.  spotless; fresh as if new [异议]未受玷污的；新鲜如初的 3  ancient, primitive 太古的；原始的 [Latin pristinus ‘former’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of pristine in sense 2 is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为释义 2 中的 pristine 用法不正确。 

prithee /ˈpriði:/ int. archaic  pray, please [古义]求求您；请 [= I pray thee]

privacy /ˈprivəsi, ˈprai-/ n.  1  a  the state of being private and undisturbed 独处；无干扰状态b  a person's right to this 私生活权利 2  freedom from intrusion or public attention 不受侵扰的自由；不受公众注意的自由 3  avoidance of publicity 隐私

private /ˈpraivət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  belonging to an individual; one's own; personal 私人的；私有的；个人的  private property  私有财产 2  confidential; not to be disclosed to others 机要的；不公开的  private talks  秘密交谈 3  kept or removed from public knowledge or observation 不让人知道的；私下的 4  a  not open to the public 秘密的b  for an individual's exclusive use 个人单独使用的  private room  雅间 5 (of a place) secluded; affording privacy (地方)隔绝的；退隐的；幽僻的 6 (of a person) not holding public office or an official position (人)无官职的；无官位的 7 (of education or Brit. medical treatment)  conducted outside the state system, at the individual's expense (教育、[英]医疗)非国家办的；私立的 ●n.  1  a private soldier 普通士兵；列兵；二等兵 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  the genitals [口]生殖器 □ in private   privately; in private company or life 私下地；秘密地□ privately  adv.   [Middle English from Latin privatus ‘withdrawn from public life’, originally past part. of privare ‘bereave, deprive’]

private bill n.  a legislative bill affecting an individual or corporation only (只涉及个人或公司利益的)私法法案

private company n. Brit.  a company with restricted membership and no issue of shares [英] (不发行股票的)不公开公司，私人公司

private detective n.  a usu. freelance detective carrying out investigations for a private employer 私人侦探

private enterprise n.  1  a business or businesses not under state control 私营企业 2  individual initiative 个人进取心

privateer /praivəˈtiə/ n.  1  an armed vessel owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for war service (政府获准的)私掠船 2  a  a commander of such a vessel 私掠船船长b (in pl. 用复数)  its crew 私掠船船员 □ privateering  n.   [PRIVATE, on the pattern of volunteer]

privateersman /praivəˈtiəzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  = PRIVATEER 2 

private eye n. colloq.  a private detective [口]私人侦探

private first class n. US  a soldier ranking above an ordinary private but below a corporal [美]陆军一等兵

private hotel n.  a hotel not obliged to take all comers 内部旅馆，不对外旅馆

private house n.  the dwelling house of a private person, as distinct from a shop, office, or public building (有别于商店、办公室、公用建筑的)私人住宅

private law n.  a law relating to individual persons and private property (处理私人关系、私人财产的)私法

private life n.  life as a private person, not as an official, public performer, etc. 私人生活

private means n. pl.  income from investments etc., apart from earned income (工资之外来自投资等方面的)私人收入

private member n.  a member of a legislative body not holding a government office 无公职议员

private member's bill n. Brit.  a bill introduced by a private member, not part of government legislation [英]无公职议员提出的法案

private parts n. pl.  the genitals 生殖器

private patient n. Brit.  a patient treated by a doctor other than under the National Health Service [英] (不由国民保健署管辖的)自费病人

private practice n.  1 Brit.  medical practice that is not part of the National Health Service [英] (不属于国民保健署的)私人医生开业 2 US  the work of a doctor, lawyer, etc. who is self-employed [美]私人医生(律师等)职业

private press n.  a printing establishment operated by a private person or group not primarily for profit and usu. on a small scale (常为小规模非营利性的)私人印刷所

private school n.  1 Brit.  a school supported wholly by the payment of fees [英] (靠所收费用维持的)私立学校 2 US  a school not supported mainly by the State [美] (非国家资助的)私立学校

private secretary n.  a secretary dealing with the personal and confidential concerns of a businessman or businesswoman 私人秘书

private sector n.  the part of the economy not under direct state control (非国家直接控制的)私营经济部分

private soldier n.  an ordinary soldier other than the officers (and US other than recruits) 列兵 ([美]非新兵的普通兵)

private view n.  the viewing of an exhibition (esp. of paintings) before it is open to the public (公开展出前的)预展(尤指绘画)

private war n.  1  a feud between persons or families disregarding the law of murder etc. (个人或家庭间无视刑法的)私斗 2  hostilities against members of another state without the sanction of one's own government (未经本国政府批准的)对其他国家的人的战争行为

private wrong n.  an offence against an individual but not against society as a whole (只针对个人，不针对社会的)个人犯法行为

privation /praiˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  lack of the comforts or necessities of life 贫困；(生活必需品的)匮乏  suffered many privations  备尝艰辛 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  loss or absence (of a quality) 丧失；缺乏(某种性质) [Middle English from Latin privatio (as PRIVATE)]

privative /ˈprivətiv/ adj.  1  consisting in or marked by the loss or removal or absence of some quality or attribute 缺乏(丧失)某种性质(属性)的 2 (of a term) denoting the privation or absence of a quality etc. (名称)表明缺少某种性质(等)的 3 Gram. (of a particle etc.) expressing privation, as Greek a- = ‘not’ 【语法】(词缀等)表示“缺”的，如希腊语中 a- = “ not (否)” [French privatif -ive or Latin privativus (as PRIVATION)]

privatize /ˈpraivətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make private, esp. assign (a business etc.) to private as distinct from state control or ownership; denationalize 使归私人；(尤指)使(企业等)私有化；非国有化 □ privatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ privatizer  n.  

privet /ˈprivit/ n.  any partly evergreen shrub of the genus Ligustrum, bearing small white flowers and black berries, and much used for hedges 女贞属灌木(开小白花，结黑色浆果) [16th c.: origin unknown]

privilege /ˈprivilidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a right, advantage, or immunity, belonging to a person, class, or office (个人、阶层、职位的)特权，特别优惠；特免b  the freedom of members of a legislative assembly when speaking at its meetings (议员在议会上的)言论自由权 2  a special benefit or honour 特许的利益；特殊的荣誉  it is a privilege to meet you  见到你深感荣幸 3  a monopoly or patent granted to an individual, corporation, etc. (个人或公司等的)垄断权，专利权 4 US Stock Exch.  an option [美]【股】优先购买权 ●v. tr.  1  invest with a privilege 授予…特权 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  allow (a person) as a privilege (to do something) 特许(某人)做(某事) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  exempt (a person from a liability etc.) 免除(某人债务等) □ privileged  adj.   [Middle English via Old French privilege from Latin privilegium ‘bill or law affecting an individual’, from privus ‘private’ + lex legis ‘law’]

privity /ˈpriviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Law  a relation between two parties that is recognized by law, e.g. that of blood, lease, or service 【法律】(法律认定的)当事人的相互关系(如血缘、租赁或服务关系) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  the state of being privy (to plans etc.) 暗中参与(计划等) [Middle English via Old French priveté and medieval Latin privitas -tatis from Latin privus ‘private’]

privy /ˈprivi/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  sharing in the secret of (a person's plans etc.) 秘密参与(某人计划等)的 2 archaic  hidden, secret [古义]隐蔽的，秘密的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 US or archaic  a lavatory, esp. an outside one [美] [古义] (尤指室外)厕所 2 Law  a person having a part or interest in any action, matter, or thing 【法律】利害关系人 □ privily  adv.   [Middle English via Old French privé from Latin privatus PRIVATE]

Privy Council n.  1  a body of advisers appointed by a sovereign or a Governor-General (now chiefly on an honorary basis and including present and former government ministers etc.) 枢密院(名誉性机构，包括现任及过去的政府大臣等) 2 usu. hist.  a sovereign's or Governor-General's private counsellors [通常史义] (国王、总督的)私人顾问团

privy counsellor n. (also 亦作 privy councillor)  a private adviser, esp. a member of a Privy Council 私人顾问(尤指枢密院的成员)

privy purse n. Brit. [英]  1  an allowance from the public revenue for the monarch's private expenses 国王(或女王的)私用经费 2  the keeper of this 国王(女王)私用经费保管

privy seal n. (in the UK) a seal formerly affixed to documents that are afterwards to pass the Great Seal or that do not require it (英国)御玺

prize1 /praiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something that can be won in a competition or lottery etc. (竞赛、彩票等中的)奖品，彩奖 2  a reward given as a symbol of victory or superiority (优胜者的)奖金 3  something striven for or worth striving for (值得)追求的东西  missed all the great prizes of life  错过了人生所有极有价值的东西 4 (作 attrib.)  a  to which a prize is awarded 获奖的  a prize bull  获奖公牛 a prize poem  获奖诗b  supremely excellent or outstanding of its kind 优等的，杰出的 ●v. tr.  value highly 珍视  a most prized possession  最珍爱的家当 [the noun Middle English, variant of PRICE: the verb Middle English from Old French pris-, stem of preisier PRAISE]

prize2 /praiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a ship or property captured in naval warfare  2  a find or windfall (海战时)捕获的船只(或财产) ●v. tr.  make a prize of 捕获… [Middle English via Old French prise ‘taking, booty’, fem. past part. of prendre, from Latin prehendere prehens- ‘seize’: later identified with PRIZE1]

prize3 US var.  of PRISE [美] PRISE 的变体

prize court n.  a department of an admiralty court concerned with prizes (处理战利品的)海事法庭

prizefight /ˈpraizfait/ n.  a boxing match fought for prize money (为获得奖金而进行的)职业拳击赛 □ prizefighter  n.  □ prizefighting  n.  

prize-giving n. Brit.  an award of prizes, esp. formally at a school etc. [英] (尤指学校等的)奖学金

prizeman /ˈpraizmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a winner of a prize, esp. a specified academic one (尤指特定学术领域的)获奖者

prize money n.  money offered as a prize 奖金

prize ring n.  1  an enclosed area (now usu. a square) for prizefighting 拳击台(现在常为方形) 2  the practice of prizefighting 职业拳击赛

prizewinner /ˈpraizwinə/ n.  a winner of a prize 获奖人(物) □ prizewinning  adj.  

PRO abbr. [缩略]  1  Public Record Office  2  public relations officer 

pro1 /prəʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a professional 内行，专业人员 2  a prostitute 妓女 ●adj.  professional 内行的 [abbreviation]

pro2 /prəʊ/ adj., n., prep. & adv. ●adj. (of an argument or reason) for; in favour (论点或理由)支持的，赞成的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a reason or argument for or in favour 赞成(或支持)的论点(或理由) ●prep. & adv.  in favour of (cf. 参见 CON2) 赞成 [Latin, = for, on behalf of]

pro-1 /prəʊ/ prefix  1  favouring or supporting (pro-government 亲政府) 赞成，支持 2  acting as a substitute or deputy for (proconsul 代理领事) 替代，副 3  forwards (produce 生产) 向前 4  forwards and downwards (prostrate 拜倒) 向前向下 5  onwards (proceed 进行 ; progress 发展) 前进 6  in front of (protect 保护) 在…之前 [Latin pro ‘in front (of), for, on behalf of, instead of, on account of’]

pro-2 /prəʊ/ prefix  before in time, place, order, etc. (problem 问题 ; proboscis 长鼻 ; prophet 先知) (时间、地点、顺序等)在…之前 [Greek pro ‘before’]

proa /ˈprəʊə/ n. (also 亦作 prau, prahu /ˈprɑ:u:/)  a Malay boat, esp. with a large triangular sail and a canoe-like outrigger (尤指大三角帆、似独木舟的)马来帆船 [Malay prɑˉū, prɑˉhū]

proactive /prəʊˈæktiv/ adj.  1 (of a person, policy, etc.) creating or controlling a situation by taking the initiative (人、政策等)有创造性的；采取主动的 2 Psychol.  of or relating to mental conditioning or a habit etc. which has been learnt 【心】前摄的；与前摄有关的 □ proaction  /-ˈækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ proactively  adv.  □ proactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [PRO-2, on the pattern of REACTIVE]

pro-am /prəʊˈæm/ adj. & n. ●adj.  involving professionals and amateurs 职业和业余的 ●n.  a pro-am event 职业和业余选手共同参与的比赛项目

prob /prɒb/ n.  a problem 问题 [abbreviation]

probabilistic /prɒbəbəˈlistik/ adj.  relating to probability; involving chance variation 与可能性有关的；概率的

probability /prɒbəˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being probable 可能性 2  the likelihood of something happening 或然性 3  a probable or most probable event 或有的事；很有可能的事  the probability is that they will come  他们很可能会来 4 Math.  the extent to which an event is likely to occur, measured by the ratio of the favourable cases to the whole number of cases possible 【数】概率，几率 □ in all probability   most probably 很可能 [French probabilité or Latin probabilitas (as PROBABLE)]

probable /ˈprɒbəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  that may be expected to happen or prove true; likely 可能发生的；可能成为真实的；可能的  the probable explanation  很可能的解释 it is probable that they forgot  他们或许是忘了 ●n.  a probable candidate, member of a team, etc. 大有希望的候选人(入选队员等) □ probably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin probabilis, from probare PROVE]

proband /ˈprəʊbænd/ n.  a person forming the starting point for the genetic study of a family etc. (家族等遗传病研究及其他研究中的)渊源者 [Latin probandus, gerundive of probare ‘test’]

probang /ˈprəʊbæŋ/ n. Surgery  a strip of flexible material with a sponge etc. at the end, used to remove an object from the throat or apply medication to it 【外科】食道探管 [17th c. (named provang by its inventor): origin unknown, perhaps alteration suggested by probe]

probate /ˈprəʊbeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the official proving of a will 遗嘱检验 2  a verified copy of a will with a certificate as handed to the executors 经验证的遗嘱副本 ●v. tr. N. Amer.  establish the validity of (a will) [北美]验证(遗嘱)有效 [Middle English from Latin probatum, neut. past part. of probare PROVE]

probation /prəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Law  a system of supervising and monitoring the behaviour of (esp. young) offenders, as an alternative to prison 【法律】(尤对少年犯的)缓刑 2  a process or period of testing the character or abilities of a person in a certain role, esp. of a new employee (尤对新雇员的)试用(期) 3  a moral trial or discipline 察看 □ on probation   undergoing probation, esp. legal supervision 在受察看(尤指合法监督)□ probational  adj.  □ probationary  adj.   [Middle English from Old French probation or Latin probatio (as PROVE)]

probationer /prəˈbeiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  1  a person on probation, e.g. a newly appointed nurse, teacher, etc. 试用人员(如新上任的护士、教师等) 2  an offender on probation 缓刑犯 □ probationership  n.  

probation officer n.  an official supervising offenders on probation 监视缓刑犯的官员

probative /ˈprəʊbətiv/ adj.  affording proof; evidential 提供证明的，证据的 [Latin probativus (as PROVE)]

probe /prəʊb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a penetrating investigation 细查 2  any small device, esp. an electrode, for measuring, testing, etc. 小型探测装置(尤指电极) 3  a blunt-ended surgical instrument usu. of metal for exploring a wound etc. (常为金属用以探查伤口等的钝头外科医疗器械)探针，探头 4 (in full 全称 space probe)  an unmanned exploratory spacecraft transmitting information about its environment (无人)航天探测器 ●v. tr.  1  examine or enquire into closely 检查，调查 2  explore (a wound or part of the body) with a probe (用探针)探测(伤口或人体) 3  penetrate with a sharp instrument 用尖物刺穿 □ probeable  adj.  □ prober  n.  □ probingly  adv.   [Late Latin proba ‘proof’, in medieval Latin = examination, from Latin probare ‘test’]

probit /ˈprɒbit/ n. Statistics  a unit of probability based on deviation from the mean of a standard distribution 【统计学】概率单位(根据标准分配平均数偏差得出的统计单位) [probability unit]

probity /ˈprəʊbiti, ˈprɒb-/ n.  uprightness, honesty 正直，诚实 [French probité or Latin probitas from probus ‘good’]

problem /ˈprɒbləm/ n.  1  a doubtful or difficult matter requiring a solution 问题，疑难问题  how to prevent it is a problem  怎样预防是个问题 the problem of ventilation  通风问题 2  something hard to understand or accomplish or deal with 不易理解的事；不易完成的事；不易处理的事 3 (作 attrib.)  a  causing problems; difficult to deal with 有问题的；难对付的  problem child  令人头痛的孩子b  in which a social or other problem is treated (处理)社会(或其他)问题的  problem page  问题专页 4  a Physics & Math.  an inquiry starting from given conditions to investigate or demonstrate a fact, result, or law 【物理学】【数】习题b Geom.  a proposition in which something has to be constructed (cf. 参见 THEOREM 1) 【几】命题 5  a (in various games, esp. chess) an arrangement of men, cards, etc., in which the solver has to achieve a specified result (各种游戏，尤为象棋)棋式；排局b  a puzzle or question for solution 棋题；题目 □ that's your, his,   etc., problem said to disclaim responsibility or involvement 推卸责任的说法 [Middle English via Old French probleme or Latin problema from Greek problēma -matos, from proballō (as PRO-2, ballō ‘throw’)]

problematic /prɒbləˈmætik/ adj. (also 亦作 problematical)  1  attended by difficulty 难处理的 2  doubtful or questionable 可疑的，有问题的 3 Logic  enunciating or supporting what is possible but not necessarily true 【逻辑学】或然性的 □ problematically  adv.   [French problématique or Late Latin problematicus from Greek problēmatikos (as PROBLEM)]

problematize /ˈprɒbləmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make into or regard as a problem requiring a solution 使…成为需要解决的问题，把…作为要解决的问题 □ problematization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [PROBLEMATIC + -IZE]

pro bono /prəʊ ˈbəʊnəʊ/ attrib. adj. US Law [美]【法律】  1 (of legal work) undertaken without charge for a client on low income (指法律工作不向低收入委托人收费的)无偿服务的，法律援助的 2 (of a lawyer) undertaking such work (律师)从事无偿服务的 [Latin pro bono publico ‘for the public good’]

proboscidean /prɒbəˈsidiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 proboscidian) ●adj.  1  having a proboscis 有长鼻的 2  of or like a proboscis (似)长鼻的 3  of the mammalian order Proboscidea, including elephants and their extinct relatives 长鼻目的 ●n.  a mammal of this order 长鼻目哺乳动物 [modern Latin Proboscidea (as PROBOSCIS)]

proboscis /prə(ʊ)ˈbɒsis/ n. (pl. probosces /-ˈbɒsi:z/, -scides /-sidi:z/, -scises)  1  the long flexible trunk or snout of some mammals, e.g. an elephant or tapir (象的)长鼻；(貘的可伸缩的)吻 2  the elongated mouthparts of some insects (某些昆虫的)喙 3  the sucking organ in some worms (有些蠕行动物的)吸附器官 4 joc.  the human nose [讽]人鼻子 □ proboscidiferous  /-siˈdif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ proboscidiform  /-ˈsidifɔ:m/ adj.   [Latin proboscis -cidis from Greek proboskis, from proboskō (as PRO-2, boskō ‘feed’)]

proboscis monkey n.  a monkey, Nasalis larvatus, native to Borneo, the male of which has a large pendulous nose 长鼻猴

procaine /ˈprəʊkein/ n. (also 亦作 procain)  a synthetic compound used as a local anaesthetic, esp. in dentistry (尤用作牙科局部麻醉药)普鲁卡因 [PRO-1 + COCAINE]

procaryote var.  of PROKARYOTE  PROKARYOTE 的变体

procedure /prəˈsi:dʒə/ n.  1  a way of proceeding, esp. a mode of conducting business or a legal action (尤指处理工商事务、法律活动的)程序，手续 2  a mode of performing a task 方法，做法 3  a series of actions conducted in a certain order or manner 步骤，过程 4  a proceeding 行动 5 Computing 【计算】  = SUBROUTINE  □ procedural  adj.  □ procedurally  adv.   [French procédure (as PROCEED)]

proceed /prəˈsi:d/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  go forward or on further; make one's way 继续前进，前往 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, or to + infin.)  continue; go on with an activity 继续，继续做下去  proceeded with their work  继续他们的工作 proceeded to tell the whole story  然后再诉说整个经历 3 (of an action) be carried on or continued (行动)继续下去，继续进行  the case will now proceed  诉讼现在继续进行 4  adopt a course of action 选定行动方针  how shall we proceed?  我们将如何去做？ 5  go on to say 继续说下去 6 (foll. by 后跟 against)  start a lawsuit (against a person) (对某人)起诉 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  come forth or originate 发出；出自  shouts proceeded from the bedroom  叫声是从寝室发出的 8 (foll. by 后跟 to) Brit.  advance to a higher rank, university degree, etc. [英] (地位、学位等)升迁；获得高一级学位 [Middle English via Old French proceder from Latin procedere process- (as PRO-1, cedere ‘go’)]

proceeding /prəˈsi:diŋ/ n.  1  an action or piece of conduct 行动；措施  a high-handed proceeding  高压措施 2 (in pl. 用复数) (in full 全称 legal proceedings)  an action at law; a lawsuit 法定程序；诉讼 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a published report of discussions or a conference 讨论纪要，会议记录

proceeds /ˈprəʊsi:dz/ n. pl.  money produced by a transaction or other undertaking (通过交易或其他活动得到的)收入，收益 [pl. of obsolete noun proceed from PROCEED]

process1 /ˈprəʊses/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a course of action or a procedure, esp. a series of stages in manufacture or some other operation (尤指生产或其他活动中一系列阶段的)步骤，程序 2  a  the progress or course of something (某事的)进程；过程  in process of construction  在建设过程中b  the course of becoming, happening, etc. (形成、发生等的)过程  regeneration is in process  革新在进行中 3  a natural or involuntary operation or series of changes 自然进程；变化过程  the process of growing old  逐渐衰老的过程 4  an action at law; a summons or writ 法律手续；传讯；传票 5 Anat., Zool. & Bot.  a natural appendage or outgrowth on an organism 【解】【动】【植】突(隆)起 ●v. tr.  1  handle or deal with by a particular process 对…进行加工(或处理) 2  treat (food, esp. to prevent decay) 处理(食品) (尤为防止变质)  processed cheese  加工过的奶酪 3 Computing  operate on (data) by means of a program 【计算】(用程序)处理(数据) □ in process of time   as time goes on 随着时间的推移□ processable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French proces from Latin processus (as PROCEED)]

process2 /prəˈses/ v. intr.  walk in procession 列队行进 [back-formation from PROCESSION]

procession /prəˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a number of people or vehicles etc. moving forward in orderly succession, esp. at a ceremony, demonstration, or festivity (人、车辆等的)行列，队伍(尤指在仪式、示威或节日中) 2  the movement of such a group 列队行进  go in procession  列队行进 3  a race in which no competitor is able to overtake another 谁也无法取胜的赛跑(比赛) 4 Theol.  the emanation of the Holy Spirit 【神】圣灵流溢 □ processionist  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin processio -onis (as PROCEED)]

processional /prəˈseʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to processions 列队行进的，与列队行进有关的 2  used, carried, or sung in processions 列队行进时使用(携带或唱)的 ●n. Eccl.  an office-book of processional hymns etc. 【教会】(列队行进唱圣歌等的)礼仪书 [medieval Latin processionalis (adj.), -ale (n.) (as PROCESSION)]

processor /ˈprəʊsesə/ n. a machine that processes things 加工机器，处理机 , esp. (尤指):  1  = CENTRAL PROCESSOR  2  = FOOD PROCESSOR 

process server n.  a sheriff's officer who serves writs 递送传票的司法人员

pro-choice /prəʊˈtʃɔis/ adj.  favouring the right of a woman to choose to have an abortion 赞同妇女有选择人工流产权利的

prochronism /ˈprəʊkrəniz(ə)m/ n.  the action of referring an event etc. to an earlier date than the true one 早记日期的行为 [PRO-2 + Greek khronos ‘time’]

proclaim /prəˈkleim/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  announce or declare publicly or officially 公布，宣告，声明 2  declare (a person) to be (a king, traitor, etc.) 宣布(某人)为(国王、叛徒等) 3  reveal as being 表明  an accent that proclaims you a Scot  口音表明你是苏格兰人 □ proclaimer  n.  □ proclamation  /prɒkləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ proclamatory  /-ˈklæmət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English proclame from Latin proclamare ‘cry out’ (as PRO-1, CLAIM)]

proclitic /prə(ʊ)ˈklitik/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a monosyllable) closely attached in pronunciation to a following word and having itself no accent (单音节)连接发音的(一个词与其后面的词组成一个重音单位，从而没有独立重音的) ●n.  such a word, e.g. at in at home 连接发音词(如 at home 中的 at) □ proclitically  adv.   [modern Latin procliticus (from Greek proklinō ‘lean forward’), on the pattern of Late Latin encliticus: see ENCLITIC]

proclivity /prəˈkliviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a tendency or inclination 倾向；僻好 [Latin proclivitas from proclivis ‘inclined’ (as PRO-1, clivus ‘slope’)]

proconsul /prəʊˈkɒns(ə)l/ n.  1 Rom. Hist.  a governor of a province, in the later republic usu. an ex-consul [罗马]【史】地方总督 2  a governor of a modern colony etc. (现代殖民地等的)总督 3  a deputy consul 代理领事 □ proconsular  /-sjʊlə/ adj.  □ proconsulate  /-sjʊlət/ n.  □ proconsulship  n.   [Middle English from Latin, earlier pro consule ‘(one acting) for the consul’]

procrastinate /prə(ʊ)ˈkræstineit/ v. intr.  defer action; be dilatory 耽搁；拖延 □ procrastination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ procrastinative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ procrastinator  n.  □ procrastinatory  adj.   [Latin procrastinare procrastinat- (as PRO-1, crastinus ‘of tomorrow’ from cras ‘tomorrow’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PREVARICATE. 见 PREVARICATE 的用法说明。 

procreate /ˈprəʊkrieit/ v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  bring (offspring) into existence by the natural process of reproduction 生(子女)，生育 □ procreant  /ˈprəʊkriənt/ adj.  □ procreation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ procreative  adj.  □ procreator  n.   [Latin procreare procreat- (as PRO-1, creare ‘create’)]

Procrustean /prə(ʊ)ˈkrʌstiən/ adj.  seeking to enforce uniformity by forceful or ruthless methods (用暴力或无情地)强求一致的 [Greek Prokroustēs, literally ‘stretcher’, from prokrouō ‘beat out’: the name of a legendary robber who fitted victims to a bed by stretching them or cutting off parts of them]

proctology /prɒkˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine concerned with the anus and rectum 直肠病学 □ proctological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ proctologist  n.   [Greek prōktos ‘anus’ + -LOGY]

proctor /ˈprɒktə/ n.  1 Brit.  an officer (usu. one of two) at certain universities, appointed annually and having mainly disciplinary functions [英] (大学中主管纪律的)学监(通常为两位) 2 US  a supervisor of students in an examination etc. [美] (考试等的)监考人 3 Law  a person managing causes in a court (now chiefly ecclesiastical) that administers civil or canon law 【法律】(现在主要指教会的)法庭代诉人 4  a representative of the clergy in the Church of England convocation (英国国教会议的)教士代表 □ proctorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ proctorship  n.   [Middle English, syncopation of PROCURATOR]

proctoscope /ˈprɒktəskəʊp/ n.  a medical instrument for inspecting the rectum 直肠镜 [Greek prōktos ‘anus’ + -SCOPE]

procumbent /prə(ʊ)ˈkʌmb(ə)nt/ adj.  1  lying on the face; prostrate 平伏的；俯卧的 2 Bot.  growing along the ground 【植】匍匐的 [Latin procumbere ‘fall forwards’ (as PRO-1, cumbere ‘lay oneself’)]

procuration /prɒkjʊˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 formal  the action of procuring, obtaining, or bringing about [正式]取得；获得；导致 2  the function or an authorized action of an attorney 律师权；律师代理权 [Middle English from Old French procuration or Latin procuratio (as PROCURE)]

procurator /ˈprɒkjʊreitə/ n.  1  an agent or proxy, esp. one who has power of attorney (尤指有律师权的)代理；代表 2 Rom. Hist.  a treasury officer in an imperial province [罗马]【史】行省财务长官 □ procuratorial  /-rəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ procuratorship  n.   [Middle English from Old French procurateur or Latin procurator ‘administrator, finance agent’ (as PROCURE)]

procurator fiscal n. (in Scotland) a local coroner and public prosecutor (苏格兰)地方检察官；公诉人

procure /prəˈkjʊə/ v. tr.  1  obtain, esp. by care or effort; acquire (尤指通过努力)取得；获得  managed to procure a copy  设法得到一本 2  bring about 导致  procured their dismissal  导致他们被解雇 3 (also absol. [亦含宾])  obtain (women) for prostitution 为嫖客做淫媒；为嫖客介绍(女人) □ procurable  adj.  □ procural  n.  □ procurement  n.   [Middle English via Old French procurer from Latin procurare ‘take care of, manage’ (as PRO-1, curare ‘see to’)]

procurer /prəˈkjʊərə/ n. (fem. procuress /-ris/)  a person who obtains women for prostitution 做淫媒者；拉皮条的人 [Middle English via Anglo-French procurour, Old French procureur from Latin procurator: see PROCURATOR]

procès-verbal /ˌprɒseivɜ:ˈbɑ:l/ n. (pl. procès-verbaux /-ˈbəʊ/)  a written report of proceedings; minutes 书面诉讼报告；会议记录 [French]

Prod /prɒd/ n. (also 亦作 Proddy, Proddie /ˈprɒdi/) slang offens. (esp. in Ireland) a Protestant [俚语] [冒犯] (尤指爱尔兰的)新教徒

prod /prɒd/ v. & n. ●v. (prodded, prodding)  1 tr.  poke with the finger or a pointed object (用手指或尖物)刺；戳 2 tr.  stimulate or goad to action 激励；刺激 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  make a prodding motion 刺；戳 ●n.  1  a poke or thrust 刺；戳 2  a stimulus to action 激励；刺激 3  a pointed instrument 尖物 □ prodder  n.   [16th c.: perhaps imitative]

prodigal /ˈprɒdiɡ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  recklessly wasteful 挥霍的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  lavish 慷慨的 ●n.  1  a prodigal person 挥霍无度的人 2 (in full 全称 prodigal son)  a repentant wastrel, returned wanderer, etc. (after Luke 15:11 － 32) 回头浪子(典自《路加福音》 15:11 － 32) □ prodigality  /-ˈɡæliti/ n.  □ prodigally  adv.   [medieval Latin prodigalis from Latin prodigus ‘lavish’]

prodigious /prəˈdidʒəs/ adj.  1  marvellous or amazing 奇妙的；惊人的 2  enormous 巨大的 3  abnormal 异常的 □ prodigiously  adv.  □ prodigiousness  n.   [Latin prodigiosus (as PRODIGY)]

prodigy /ˈprɒdidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person endowed with exceptional qualities or abilities, esp. a precocious child 奇才；天才(尤指神童) 2  a marvellous thing, esp. one out of the ordinary course of nature (尤指超自然的)神奇之物 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a wonderful example (of a quality) (品质)出类拔萃者 [Latin prodigium ‘portent’]

prodrome /ˈprəʊdrəʊm, ˈprɒdrəʊm/ n. Med.  a premonitory symptom 【医】前驱症状 □ prodromal  /ˈprɒdrəʊm(ə)l, prəˈdrəʊm(ə)l/ adj.  □ prodromic  /prəˈdrɒmik/ adj.   [French via modern Latin from Greek prodromos ‘precursor’ (as PRO-2, dromos ‘running’)]

produce v. & n. ●v. tr. /prəˈdju:s/  1  bring forward for consideration, inspection, or use 提出  will produce evidence  将提供证据 2  manufacture (goods) from raw materials etc. 生产(物品) 3  bear or yield (offspring, fruit, a harvest, etc.) 生育(子女)；出产(水果)；使产生(收获等) 4  bring into existence 使…产生 5  cause or bring about (a reaction, sensation, etc.) 导致；招致(反应、轰动等) 6 Geom.  extend or continue (a line) 【几】延长(线段) 7  a  bring (a play, book, etc.) before the public 使(剧本、书等)出版问世b  supervise the making of (a film, broadcast, record, etc.) (cf. 参见 DIRECT v. 6) 监制(电影、广播、录音等) ●n. /ˈprɒdju:s/  1  a  what is produced, esp. agricultural and natural products collectively (总称)产品(尤指农产品和天然产物)  dairy produce  奶制品b  an amount of this 生产量 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a result (of labour, efforts, etc.) (劳动、努力等的)结果 3  a yield, esp. in the assay of ore (尤指经矿石分析后得出的)产量 □ producible  /prəˈdju:sib(ə)l/ adj.  □ producibility  /prəˌdju:siˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin producere (as PRO-1, ducere duct- ‘lead’)]

producer /prəˈdju:sə/ n.  1  a Econ.  a person who produces goods or commodities 【经】(物品或商品的)生产者b  a person or thing which produces something or someone 制作者，生产者；制造器 2  a person generally responsible for the production of a film or play (apart from the direction of the acting) or of a broadcast programme, record, etc. (电影、戏剧、广播、录音等的)制片人；监制人

producer gas n.  a combustible gas formed by passing air, or air and steam, through red-hot carbon 发生炉煤气

product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n.  1  a thing or substance produced by natural process or manufacture 产物；产品 2  a result 结果；成果  the product of their labours  他们劳动的成果 3 Math.  a quantity obtained by multiplying quantities together 【数】乘积 [Middle English from Latin productum, neut. past part. of producere PRODUCE]

production /prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of producing; the process of being produced 制作 2  the process of being manufactured, esp. in large quantities (尤指大批量的)生产；制造  go into production  投产 3  a total yield 总产量 4  a  the process or administrative management of making a film, play, record, etc. (电影、戏剧、录音等的)制作；监制b  a film, play, record, etc., produced (电影、戏剧、录音等的)作品 □ productional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin productio -onis (as PRODUCT)]

production line n.  a systematized sequence of mechanical or manual operations involved in producing a commodity (商品的)生产流水线

productive /prəˈdʌktiv/ adj.  1  of or engaged in the production of goods 生产的；从事生产的 2  producing much 多产的  productive soil  沃土 a productive writer  多产作家 3 Econ.  producing commodities of exchangeable value 【经】生产性的  productive labour  生产劳动 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  producing or giving rise to 产生…某事物的；造成…某结果的  productive of great annoyance  造成巨大的烦恼 5 Philol. (of a word-element) frequently used in forming new words 【语文】(词素)有构词能力的 □ productively  adv.  □ productiveness  n.   [French productif -ive or Late Latin productivus (as PRODUCT)]

productivity /prɒdʌkˈtiviti/ n.  1  the capacity to produce; the state of being productive 生产能力；生产力 2  the effectiveness of productive effort, esp. in industry (尤指工业中的)生产效率 3  production per unit of effort 生产率

proem /ˈprəʊim/ n.  1  a preface or preamble to a book or speech (书或发言的)前言；开场白 2  a beginning or prelude 开端；序幕；序言 □ proemial  /-ˈi:miəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French proeme or Latin prooemium from Greek prooimion ‘prelude’ (as PRO-2, oimē ‘song’)]

Prof. abbr. [缩略]  Professor 

prof /prɒf/ n. colloq.  a professor [口]教授 [abbreviation]

profane /prəˈfein/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  not belonging to what is sacred or biblical; secular 非宗教的；不圣洁的；世俗的 2  a  irreverent, blasphemous 不虔诚的；亵渎的b (of language) blasphemous or obscene (语言)亵渎的；诲淫的 3 (of a rite etc.) heathen (仪式等)异教的 4  not initiated into religious rites or any esoteric knowledge 不谙宗教仪式的；无奥秘知识的 ●v. tr.  1  treat (a sacred thing) with irreverence or disregard 亵渎；冒犯(圣物) 2  violate or sully (what is entitled to respect) 污损；玷污(可敬之物) □ profanation  /prɒfəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ profanely  adv.  □ profaneness  n.  □ profaner  n.   [Middle English prophane via Old French prophane or medieval Latin prophanus from Latin profanus ‘before (i.e. outside) the temple, not sacred’ (as PRO-1, fanum ‘temple’)]

profanity /prəˈfæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a profane act 亵渎的行为 2  a  profane language; blasphemy 亵渎的语言；亵渎话b  an oath, a swear word 咒骂语；诅咒语 [Late Latin profanitas (as PROFANE)]

profess /prəˈfes/ v.  1 tr.  claim openly to have (a quality or feeling) 公开表示有，宣称有(品性或感情) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  pretend 假装 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause; also 亦作 refl.)  declare 宣称，宣布  profess ignorance  自称无知 professed herself satisfied  她表明自己感到满意 4 tr.  affirm one's faith in or allegiance to 申明信仰；表明忠于 5 tr.  receive into a religious order under vows 宣誓信仰某宗教 6 tr.  have as one's profession or business 以…为业 7  a tr.  teach (a subject) as a professor (以教授身份)教授(某课程)b intr.  perform the duties of a professor 履行教授职责 [Middle English from Latin profitēri profess- ‘declare publicly’ (as PRO-1, fatēri ‘confess’)]

professed /prəˈfest/ adj.  1  self-acknowledged 自我承认的  a professed Christian  公开信仰的基督教徒 2  alleged, ostensible 声称的；诡称的 3  claiming to be duly qualified 自称的 4 (of a monk or nun) having taken the vows of a religious order (和尚或尼姑)已受戒的；已立誓的 □ professedly  /-sidli/ adv. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 、 2)  

profession /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a vocation or calling, esp. one that involves some branch of advanced learning or science (尤指涉及先进知识或科学的)职业；行业  the medical profession  医学专业 2  a body of people engaged in a profession 同业，同行 3  a declaration or avowal 表明；声称 4  a declaration of belief in a religion 立誓信教 5  a  the declaration or vows made on entering a religious order 入教的声明(或誓言)b  the ceremony or fact of being professed in a religious order 入教仪式(或宣誓) □ the oldest profession  colloq. or joc.  prostitution [口] [诙]卖淫□ professionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin professio -onis (as PROFESS)]

professional /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or belonging to or connected with a profession 职业的；职业上的；与职业有关的 2  a  having or showing the skill of a professional; competent 具有(或显示)专业知识的；有能力的b  worthy of a professional 称职的  professional conduct  职业行为 3  engaged in a specified activity as one's main paid occupation (cf. 参见 AMATEUR adj. 1a) 从事某个职业的；职业性的  a professional boxer  职业拳击手 4 derog.  engaged in a specified habitual activity regarded with disfavour [贬]好做令人讨厌的事的  a professional agitator  煽动专家 ●n.  a professional person 专业人员 □ professionally  adv.  

professional foul n. Brit.  a deliberate foul in football etc., esp. to prevent an opponent from scoring [英] (尤指足球等比赛中为防止对方得分的)战术犯规

professionalism /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the qualities or typical features of a profession or of professionals, esp. competence, skill, etc. (尤指能力、技能等的)职业特性

professionalize /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make (an occupation, activity, etc.) professional 使(工作、活动等)职业化 □ professionalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

professor /prəˈfesə/ n.  1  a (often as a title) a university academic of the highest rank; the holder of a university chair (常作为头衔)教授b US  a university teacher [美] (大学)教师，教员 2  a person who professes a religion 宣誓入教的人 □ professorate  n.  □ professorial  /prɒfiˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ professorially  /prɒfiˈsɔ:riəli/ adv.  □ professoriate  /prɒfiˈsɔ:riət/ n.  □ professorship  n.   [Middle English from Old French professeur or Latin professor (as PROFESS)]

proffer /ˈprɒfə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 proffered adj.)  offer (a gift, services, a hand, etc.) 提供(礼品、服务、帮助等) ●n. literary  an offer or proposal [文学用语]提议；建议 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French proffrir (as PRO-1, offrir OFFER)]

proficient /prəˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, at)  adept, expert 熟练的；内行的 ●n.  a person who is proficient 内行；专家 □ proficiency  /-si/ n.  □ proficiently  adv.   [Latin proficiens proficient- (as PROFIT)]

profile /ˈprəʊfail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an outline (esp. of a human face) as seen from one side (尤指人面部的)侧面轮廓b  a representation of this 侧面像 2  a short biographical or character sketch 传略；人物简介 3 Statistics  a representation by a graph or chart of information (esp. on certain characteristics) recorded in a quantified form 【统计学】(尤指记录某些特性的)数据图表 4  a characteristic personal manner or attitude (人特有的)形象；姿态 5  a vertical cross-section of a structure (某构造的)纵剖面 6  a flat outline piece of scenery on stage (舞台的)平面布景 ●v. tr.  1  represent in profile 显出…的轮廓 2  give a profile to 给…画侧面图 □ in profile   as seen from one side 从侧面(看)□ keep a low profile   remain inconspicuous 保持低调□ profiler  n.  □ profilist  n.   [obsolete Italian profilo, profilare (as PRO-1, filare ‘spin’, formerly ‘draw a line’ from Latin filare, from filum ‘thread’)]

profit /ˈprɒfit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an advantage or benefit 利益；益处 2  financial gain; excess of returns over outlay 赢利；收益；利润 ●v. (profited, profiting)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be beneficial to 对…有益 2 intr.  obtain an advantage or benefit 获益；获利  profited by the experience  从经验中获益 □ at a profit   with financial gain 获利□ profitless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin profectus ‘progress, profit’, from proficere profect- ‘advance’ (as PRO-1, facere ‘do’)]

profitable /ˈprɒfitəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  yielding profit; lucrative 产生利润的；有利润的 2  beneficial; useful 有益的；有用的 □ profitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ profitableness  n.  □ profitably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (as PROFIT)]

profit and loss account n.  an account to which incomes and gains are credited and expenses and losses debited, so as to show the net profit or loss over a given period 损益账户

profiteer /prɒfiˈtiə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make or seek to make excessive profits, esp. illegally or in black market conditions (尤指非法或在黑市上)牟取暴利 ●n.  a person who profiteers 牟取暴利的人

profiterole /prəˈfitərəʊl/ n.  a small hollow case of choux pastry usu. filled with cream and covered with chocolate sauce (通常指外涂巧克力的奶油夹心的)空心小圆饼 [French, diminutive of profit PROFIT]

profit margin n.  the profit remaining in a business after costs have been deducted 利润率

profit-sharing n.  the sharing of profits esp. between employer and employees (尤指雇主与雇员之间的)分红，红利分配

profit-taking n.  the sale of shares etc. at a time when profit will accrue (股票等的)见利抛售

profligate /ˈprɒfliɡət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  licentious; dissolute 放荡的；放纵的 2  recklessly extravagant 恣意挥霍的 ●n.  a profligate person 放荡的人；恣意挥霍者 □ profligacy  /-ɡəsi/ n.  □ profligately  adv.   [Latin profligatus ‘dissolute’, past part. of profligare ‘overthrow, ruin’ (as PRO-1, fligere ‘strike down’)]

pro forma /prəʊ ˈfɔ:mə/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv. & adj.  as or being a matter of form 形式上的 ●n. (in full 全称 pro forma invoice)  an invoice sent in advance of goods supplied 形式发票，估价发票 [Latin]

profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. & n. ●adj. (profounder, profoundest)  1  a  having or showing great knowledge or insight 学识渊博的；见解精辟的  a profound treatise  见解精辟的论文b  demanding deep study or thought 需要深入研究(或思考)的  profound doctrines  深奥的学说 2 (of a state or quality) deep, intense, unqualified (状态或性质)深度的；极度的；十足的  a profound sleep  酣睡 profound indifference  十分冷淡 3  at or extending to a great depth 极深的；深邃的  profound crevasses  深深的裂缝 4 (of a sigh) deep-drawn (叹息)深长的 5 (of a disease) deep-seated (疾病)根深蒂固的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the) poet.  the vast depth (of the ocean, soul, etc.) [诗] (海洋、灵魂等的)深处 □ profoundly  adv.  □ profoundness  n.  □ profundity  /prəˈfʌnditi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French profund, profond from Latin profundus ‘deep’ (as PRO-1, fundus ‘bottom’)]

profuse /prəˈfju:s/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  lavish; extravagant 十分慷慨的；挥霍浪费的  was profuse in her generosity  她极为慷慨 2 (of a thing) exuberantly plentiful; abundant (事物)过多的；充足的  profuse bleeding  血流如注 a profuse variety  品种繁多 □ profusely  adv.  □ profuseness  n.  □ profusion  /prəˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin profusus, past part. of profundere profus- (as PRO-1, fundere fus- ‘pour’)]

prog /prɒɡ/ n. slang  a television or radio programme [俚语] (电视或广播)节目 [abbreviation]

progenitive /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitiv/ adj.  capable of or connected with the production of offspring 繁殖的；有生殖力的

progenitor /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitə/ n.  1  the ancestor of a person, animal, or plant (人、动物或植物的)祖先 2  a political or intellectual predecessor (政治或学术上的)先驱；先辈 3  the origin of a copy 原书；原本 □ progenitorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ progenitorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French progeniteur from Latin progenitor -oris, from progignere progenit- (as PRO-1, gignere ‘beget’)]

progeniture /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒenitʃə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of procreation 生殖，生育 2  young, offspring 子孙；后裔

progeny /ˈprɒdʒ(ə)ni/ n.  1  the offspring of a person or other organism (人或其他生物体的)儿女，子孙 2  a descendant or descendants 后代；后裔 3  an outcome or issue 成果；结果 [Middle English via Old French progenie from Latin progenies, from progignere (as PROGENITOR)]

progesterone /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒestərəʊn/ n.  a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum which stimulates the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy (see also 另见 PROGESTOGEN) 黄体酮 [progest in (as PRO-2, GESTATION) + luteosterone from CORPUS LUTEUM + STEROL]

progestogen /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒestədʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  any of a group of steroid hormones (including progesterone) that maintain pregnancy and prevent further ovulation during it 孕激素(包括黄体酮) 2  a similar hormone produced synthetically 人工合成的孕激素

proglottid /prəʊˈɡlɒtid/ n. (also 亦作 proglottis /-tis/) (pl. proglottids or proglottides /-di:z/)  each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm that contains a complete reproductive system (绦虫节裂体的)节片 [modern Latin from Greek proglōssis (as PRO-2, glōssis from glōssa, glōtta ‘tongue’), from its shape]

prognathous /prɒɡˈneiθəs, ˈprɒɡnəθəs/ adj.  1  having a projecting jaw 凸颌的 2 (of a jaw) projecting (颌)突出的 □ prognathic  /prɒɡˈnæθik/ adj.  □ prognathism  n.   [PRO-2 + Greek gnathos ‘jaw’]

prognosis /prɒɡˈnəʊsis/ n. (pl. prognoses /-si:z/)  1  a forecast; a prognostication 预示；预兆 2  a forecast of the course of a disease 预后 [Late Latin from Greek prognōsis (as PRO-2, gignōskō ‘know’)]

prognostic /prɒɡˈnɒstik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an advance indication or omen, esp. of the course of a disease etc. (尤指对疾病等发展进程的预兆)预后的 2  a prediction; a forecast 预兆；预示 ●adj.  foretelling; predictive 预言性的；预示的  prognostic of a good result  预示有好结果 □ prognostically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French pronostique and Latin prognosticum from Greek prognōstikon, neut. of prognōstikos (as PROGNOSIS)]

prognosticate /prɒɡˈnɒstikeit/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  foretell; foresee; prophesy 预言；预见；预告 2 (of a thing) betoken; indicate (future events etc.) (事情)预示，表明(未来的事件等) □ prognosticable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ prognostication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prognosticative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ prognosticator  n.  □ prognosticatory  adj.   [medieval Latin prognosticare (as PROGNOSTIC)]

programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. & v. (US & Austral. [美澳] program) ●n.  1  a usu. printed list of a series of events, performers, etc. at a public function etc. (常为印制的)节目单；演出说明书 2  a radio or television broadcast (无线电或电视)节目 3  a plan of future events 计划；方案  the programme is dinner and an early night  计划是吃完饭早点睡觉 4  a course or series of studies, lectures, etc.; a syllabus (研究或教授等的)课程；教学大纲 5 (usu. 通常作 program)  a series of coded instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine (计算机或其他机器的)程序；编码指令 ●v. tr. (programmed, programming)  1  make a programme or definite plan of 为…编排节目单；为…制定计划 2 (usu. 通常作 program)  a  provide (a computer etc.) with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular task 给(计算机等)编制程序(或指令)b  train to behave in a predetermined way 使按预定的步骤进行 □ programmable  adj.  □ programmability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ programmatic  /-ɡrəˈmætik/ adj.  □ programmatically  /-ɡrəˈmætik(ə)li/ adv.  □ programmer  n.   [Late Latin programma from Greek programma -atos, from prographō ‘write publicly’ (as PRO-2, graphō ‘write’): spelling influenced by French programme]

programme music n.  a piece of music intended to tell a story, evoke images, etc. (讲叙故事、引起想像等的)标题音乐

progress n. & v. ●n. /ˈprəʊɡres/  1  forward or onward movement towards a destination 前进；行进 2  advance or development towards completion, betterment, etc.; improvement 进展；发展；改进  has made little progress this term  这学期进步不大 the progress of civilization  文明的进展 3 Brit. archaic  a state journey or official tour, esp. by royalty [英古义] (尤指君王的)巡行，巡游 ●v. /prəˈɡres/  1 intr.  move or be moved forward or onward; continue 行进；前进；进行  the argument is progressing  争论正在进行 2 intr.  advance or develop towards completion, improvement, etc. 进展；发展；改进  science progresses  科学发展 3 tr.  cause (work etc.) to make regular progress 使(工作等)进展 □ in progress   in the course of developing; going on 进行中；正在发生 [Middle English from Latin progressus from progredi (as PRO-1, gradi ‘walk’: the verb readopted from US after becoming obsolete in British use in the 17th c.)]

progress-chaser n. Brit.  a person employed to check the regular progress of manufacturing work [英] (制造行业的)工作进度检查员

progression /prəˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of progressing 前进；进展  a mode of progression  进展方式 2  a succession; a series 连续；一系列 3 Math. 【数】  a  = ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION b  = GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION c  = HARMONIC PROGRESSION  4 Mus.  passing from one note or chord to another 【音】(由一个音到另一个音，由一个和弦到另一个和弦的)进行 □ progressional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French progression or Latin progressio (as PROGRESS)]

progressionist /prəˈɡreʃ(ə)nist/ n.  1  an advocate of or believer in esp. political or social progress (尤对政治、社会进步的)倡导者；信仰者 2  a person who believes in the theory of gradual progression to higher forms of life (相信生活不断提高的)进步论者

progressive /prəˈɡresiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  moving forward 前进的，行进的  progressive motion  向前的运动 2  proceeding step by step; cumulative 循序渐进的；渐增的  progressive drug use  逐渐增加用药剂量 3  a (of a political party, government, etc.) favouring or implementing rapid progress or social reform (政党、政府等)革新的，改革的b  modern; efficient 现代的；有效率的  this is a progressive company  这是一家高效公司 4 (of disease, violence, etc.) increasing in severity or extent (疾病、暴力等)愈来愈严重的 5 (of taxation) at rates increasing with the sum taxed (税)累进的 6 (of a card game, dance, etc.) with periodic changes of partners (牌戏、跳舞等)轮换搭档的 7 Gram. (of an aspect) expressing an action in progress, e.g. am writing, was writing 【语法】(时态)进行(时)的(如 am writing, was writing) 8 (of education) informal and without strict discipline, stressing individual needs (教育)循序渐进的 ●n. (also 亦作 Progressive)  an advocate of progressive political policies or social reform (革新政策或社会改革的)倡导者，提倡者 □ progressively  adv.  □ progressiveness  n.  □ progressivism  n.  □ progressivist  n. & adj.   [French progressif -ive or medieval Latin progressivus (as PROGRESS)]

progress report n.  an account of progress made 进度报告(表)

pro hac vice /ˌprəʊ hɑ:k ˈvaisi/ adv.  for this occasion (only) (仅)限本次地 [Latin]

prohibit /prə(ʊ)ˈhibit/ v. tr. (prohibited, prohibiting) (often foll. by 常后跟 from + verbal noun)  1  formally forbid, esp. by authority (尤指官方正式)禁止 2  prevent; make impossible 妨碍；使不可能  his accident prohibits him from playing football  意外事故使他不能踢足球了 □ prohibiter  n.  □ prohibitor  n.  □ prohibitory  adj.   [Middle English from Latin prohibēre (as PRO-1, habēre ‘hold’)]

prohibited degrees n. pl.  = FORBIDDEN DEGREES 

prohibition /prəʊhiˈbiʃ(ə)n, prəʊi-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of forbidding; a state of being forbidden 禁止；阻止 2 Law 【法律】  a  an edict or order that forbids 禁令；禁律b Brit.  a writ from a superior court forbidding an inferior court from proceeding in a suit deemed to be beyond its cognizance [英] (上级法院禁止下级法院对无权受理案件进行审理的)诉讼中止令 3 (usu. 通常作 Prohibition)  the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, esp. in the US (1920 － 33) (尤指 1920 至 1933 年间美国的)禁酒运动 □ prohibitionary  adj.  □ prohibitionist  n.   [Middle English from Old French prohibition or Latin prohibitio (as PROHIBIT)]

prohibitive /prə(ʊ)ˈhibitiv/ adj.  1  prohibiting 禁止的 2 (of prices, taxes, etc.) so high as to prevent purchase, use, abuse, etc. (价格、税等)极高的，高得惊人的  published at a prohibitive price  以高得惊人的价格出版发行 □ prohibitively  adv.  □ prohibitiveness  n.   [French prohibitif -ive or Latin prohibitivus (as PROHIBIT)]

project n. & v. ●n. /ˈprɒdʒekt/  1  a plan; a scheme 计划，规划；方案 2  a planned undertaking 工程 3  a usu. long-term task undertaken by a student to be submitted for assessment (学生研究的)项目；课题 ●v. /prəˈdʒekt/  1 tr.  plan or contrive (a course of action, scheme, etc.) 计划，策划(行动方针、方案等) 2 intr.  protrude; jut out 突出；伸出 3 tr.  throw; cast; impel 扔；投掷；推  projected the stone into the water  把石头投到水里 4 tr.  extrapolate (results etc.) to a future time; forecast 推断(未来的结果等)；预测  I project that we shall produce two million next year  我推测明年我们将生产 200 万 5 tr.  cause (light, shadow, images, etc.) to fall on a surface, screen, etc. 使(光、影、图像等)投射到(平面、荧屏等上) 6 tr.  cause (a sound, esp. the voice) to be heard at a distance 使(声音尤指嗓音)到达远处 7 tr. (often 常作 refl. or absol. [含宾])  express or promote (oneself or a positive image) forcefully or effectively 生动地表现(自己或积极的形象) 8 tr. Geom. 【几】  a  draw straight lines from a centre or parallel lines through every point of (a given figure) to produce a corresponding figure on a surface or a line by intersecting it 做(已给图形)的投影图b  draw (such lines) 画(投影线)c  produce (such a corresponding figure) 用投影法绘(相关图形) 9 tr.  make a projection of (the earth, sky, etc.) 做(地球、天空等)的投影图 10 tr. Psychol. 【心】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  attribute (an emotion etc.) to an external object or person, esp. unconsciously (尤指不自觉地把感情等)投向外界事物(或他人)b (作 refl.)  project (oneself) into another's feelings, the future, etc. 设想(自己)处身于(他人的感情或未来等) [Middle English from Latin projectum, neut. past part. of projicere (as PRO-1, jacěre ‘throw’)]

projectile /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒektail, -til/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a missile, esp. fired by a rocket (尤指用火箭发射的)导弹 2  a bullet, shell, etc. fired from a gun (用枪发射的)子弹(或炮弹等) 3  any object thrown as a weapon (作为武器的)抛射物 ●adj.  1  capable of being projected by force, esp. from a gun (尤指从枪炮中)可弹射的 2  projecting or impelling 抛射的；推进的 [modern Latin projectilis (adj.), -ile (n.) (as PROJECT)]

projection /prəˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of projecting; the process of being projected 投射；发射 2  a thing that projects or obtrudes 突出物；凸出物 3  the presentation of an image etc. on a surface or screen (平面或荧屏上的)投影，投影图 4  a  a forecast or estimate based on present trends (根据目前趋势而做的)预测；估计  a projection of next year's profits  对明年利润的预测b  this process 预测过程；估计过程 5  a  a mental image or preoccupation viewed as an objective reality 设想b  the unconscious transfer of one's own impressions or feelings to external objects or persons (印象或感情潜意识地)对外界事物(或他人)的转移 6 Geom.  the act or an instance of projecting a figure 【几】(图像的)投射 7  the representation on a plane surface of any part of the surface of the earth or a celestial sphere (地球表面或天体表面的)投影，投影图  Mercator projection  墨卡托投影 □ projectionist  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Latin projectio (as PROJECT)]

projective /prəˈdʒektiv/ adj.  1 Geom. 【几】  a  relating to or derived by projection 与投影有关的；投影的b (of a property of a figure) unchanged by projection (图像的性能)不因投影而变化的 2 Psychol.  mentally projecting or projected 【心】投射的  a projective imagination  投射想像 □ projectively  adv.  

projective geometry n.  the study of the projective properties of geometric figures 投影几何学

projector /prəˈdʒektə/ n.  1  a  an apparatus containing a source of light and a system of lenses for projecting slides or film on to a screen 投影仪；幻灯机；放映机b  an apparatus for projecting rays of light 探照灯 2  a person who forms or promotes a project 计划者；规划人 3 archaic  a promoter of speculative companies [古义]投机公司的发起人

prokaryote /prəʊˈkæriəʊt, -ɒt/ n. (also 亦作 procaryote)  a single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, e.g. a bacterium, a blue-green alga (cf. 参见 EUKARYOTE) 原核生物(如细菌、蓝绿藻) □ prokaryotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [PRO-2 + KARYO- + -ote as in ZYGOTE]

prolactin /prəʊˈlæktin/ n.  a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production after childbirth 催乳素 [PRO-1 + LACTATION]

prolapse n. & v. ●n. /ˈprəʊlæps, prəˈlæps/ (also 亦作 prolapsus /-ˈlæpsəs/)  1  the forward or downward displacement of a part or organ (身体部位或器官的)移位 2  the prolapsed part or organ, esp. the womb or rectum (身体部位或器官的)脱垂(尤指子宫脱垂、脱肛) ●v. intr. /prəʊˈlæps/  undergo prolapse 脱垂，脱出 [Latin prolabi prolaps- (as PRO-1, labi ‘slip’)]

prolate /ˈprəʊleit/ adj.  1 Geom. (of a spheroid) lengthened in the direction of a polar diameter (cf. 参见 OBLATE2) 【几】(球体)扁长的 2  growing or extending in width (宽度)延伸的；延长的 3  widely spread 扩展的 4 Gram. 【语法】  = PROLATIVE  □ prolately  adv.   [Latin prolatus, past part. of proferre ‘prolong’ (as PRO-1, ferre ‘carry’)]

prolative /prə(ʊ)ˈleitiv/ adj. Gram.  serving to continue or complete a predication, e.g. go (prolative infinitive) in you may go 【语法】补足谓语的(如 you may go 中的表述性不定式 go)

prole /prəʊl/ adj. & n. derog. colloq. [贬] [口] ●adj.  proletarian 无产者的 ●n.  a proletarian 无产者 [abbreviation]

proleg /ˈprəʊleɡ/ n.  a fleshy abdominal limb of a caterpillar or similar insect larva 腹足；原足 [PRO-1 + LEG]

prolegomenon /prəʊliˈɡɒminən/ n. (pl. prolegomena) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an introduction or preface to a book etc., esp. when critical or discursive (尤指关于书籍等评论性或议论性的)前言，序 □ prolegomenary  adj.  □ prolegomenous  adj.   [Latin from Greek, neut. passive pres. part. of prolegō (as PRO-2, legō ‘say’)]

prolepsis /prəʊˈlepsis, -ˈli:psis/ n. (pl. prolepses /-si:z/)  1 Rhet.  the anticipation and answering of possible objections in rhetorical speech 【修】预期 2  anticipation 预料 3  the representation of a thing as existing before it actually does or did so, as in he was a dead man when he entered 预期叙述法(把未发生的事当作已发生的来叙述，如 he was a dead man when he entred 他要进来就死定了) 4 Gram.  the anticipatory use of adjectives, as in paint the town red 【语法】(形容词的)预期描写法(如 paint the town red 饮酒作乐) □ proleptic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek prolēpsis, from prolambanō ‘anticipate’ (as PRO-2, lambanō ‘take’)]

proletarian /prəʊliˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning the proletariat 无产阶级的；与无产阶级相关的 ●n.  a member of the proletariat 无产阶级成员，无产者 □ proletarianism  n.  □ proletarianize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Latin proletarius, a person who served the State not with property but with offspring (proles)]

proletariat /prəʊliˈtɛəriət/ n. (also 亦作 proletariate)  1  a Econ.  wage earners collectively, esp. those without capital and dependent on selling their labour 【经】(尤指无资本靠出卖劳力为生的)无产阶级(总称)b esp. derog.  the lowest class of the community, esp. when considered as uncultured [尤贬] (尤指没有文化的)社会最低阶级 2 Rom. Hist.  the lowest class of citizens [罗马]【史】(公民中的)最低阶级 [French prolétariat (as PROLETARIAN)]

pro-life /prəʊˈlaif/ adj.  in favour of preserving life, esp. in opposing abortion 赞成保有生命的(尤指反对堕胎的)

proliferate /prəˈlifəreit/ v.  1 intr.  reproduce; increase rapidly in numbers; grow by multiplication 增生；增殖；激增 2 tr.  produce (cells etc.) rapidly 繁殖(细胞等) □ proliferation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ proliferative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ proliferator  n.   [back-formation from proliferation from French prolifération, from prolifère (as PROLIFEROUS)]

proliferous /prəˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of a plant) producing many leaf or flower buds; growing luxuriantly (植物)花繁叶茂的；茂盛的 2  growing or multiplying by budding 分芽繁殖的 3  spreading by proliferation 增殖的 [Latin proles ‘offspring’ + -FEROUS]

prolific /prəˈlifik/ adj.  1  producing many offspring or much output 多育的；多产的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  abundantly productive 生产力旺盛的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  abounding, copious 充裕的；丰富的 □ prolificacy  n.  □ prolifically  adv.  □ prolificness  n.   [medieval Latin prolificus (as PROLIFEROUS)]

proline /ˈprəʊli:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid with a cyclic molecule, present in many proteins, esp. collagen 【生化】脯氨酸，氮茂氨酸 [contraction of chemical name pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid]

prolix /ˈprəʊliks, prəˈliks/ adj. (of speech, writing, etc.) lengthy; tedious (发言、写作等)冗长的；乏味的 □ prolixity  /-ˈliksiti/ n.  □ prolixly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French prolixe or Latin prolixus ‘poured forth, extended’ (as PRO-1, liquēre ‘be liquid’)]

prolocutor /ˈprəʊləkju:tə, ˈprɒl-, prə(ʊ)ˈlɒkjʊtə/ n.  1 Eccl.  the chairperson esp. of the lower house of convocation of either province of the Church of England 【教会】(尤指英国国教宗教会议下院的)主席 2  a spokesman 发言人 □ prolocutorship  n.   [Middle English from Latin, from proloqui prolocut- (as PRO-1, loqui ‘speak’)]

Prolog /ˈprəʊlɒɡ/ n (also 亦作 PROLOG) Computing  a high-level programming language first devised for artificial intelligence applications 【计算】 PROLOG 语言，逻辑程序设计语言 [programming (see PROGRAMME) + LOGIC]

prologize /ˈprəʊlɒɡaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 prologuize, -ise)  write or speak a prologue 写序；说开场白 [medieval Latin prologizare from Greek prologizō ‘speak a prologue’ (as PROLOGUE)]

prologue /ˈprəʊlɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a preliminary speech, poem, etc., esp. introducing a play (cf. 参见 EPILOGUE 3) (尤指介绍某戏剧的)开场白；序诗b  the actor speaking the prologue 念开场白(或序诗)的演员 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  any act or event serving as an introduction 开端；序幕 ●v. tr. (prologues, prologued, prologuing)  introduce with or provide with a prologue 为…作序；为…加上开场白 [Middle English prolog via Old French prologue and Latin prologus from Greek prologos (as PRO-2, logos ‘speech’)]

prolong /prəˈlɒŋ/ v. tr.  1  extend (an action, condition, etc.) in time or space 拖长，拖延(行动、条件等) 2  lengthen the pronunciation of (a syllable etc.) 拉长(音节等的)发音 3 (as 作 prolonged adj.)  lengthy, esp. tediously so 拉长的(尤指冗长的) □ prolongation  /prəʊlɒŋˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prolongedly  /-idli/ adv.  □ prolonger  n.   [Middle English from Old French prolonger & from Late Latin prolongare (as PRO-1, longus ‘long’)]

prolusion /prəˈl(j)u:ʒ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1  a preliminary essay or article 序言；绪论 2  a first attempt 初次尝试 □ prolusory  /-s(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin prolusio from proludere prolus- ‘practise beforehand’ (as PRO-2, ludere lus- ‘play’)]

prom /prɒm/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit. [英]  = PROMENADEn. 1a  2 Brit. [英]  = PROMENADE CONCERT  3 US [美]  = PROMENADEn. 3  [abbreviation]

promenade /prɒməˈnɑ:d, -ˈneid, ˈprɒm-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Brit.  a paved public walk along the seafront at a resort [英] (海滨休假胜地的)步行道b  any paved public walk 公共散步场所 2  a walk, or sometimes a ride or drive, taken esp. for display, leisure, etc. (尤指为展示、消遣等的)散步；骑车；骑马；开车兜风 3 US  a school or university ball or dance, esp. for one class [美] (中小学或大学的)舞会(尤指一个班的舞会) 4  a march of dancers in country dancing etc. (乡村舞蹈等的)舞者行进队 ●v.  1 intr.  make a promenade 散步 2 tr.  lead (a person etc.) about a place esp. for display (尤指为展示而)带(某人等)散步 3 tr.  make a promenade through (a place) 散步经过(某地) [French, from se promener ‘walk’, refl. of promener ‘take for a walk’]

promenade concert n. esp. Brit.  a concert of usu. classical music at which the audience, or part of it, can stand, sit on the floor, or move about [尤英] (听众可站着、坐在地上或走动着听的常演奏古典作品的)漫步音乐会

promenade deck n.  an upper deck on a passenger ship where passengers may promenade (客轮上可供乘客散步的)上层甲板

promenader /prɒməˈnɑ:də/ n.  1  a person who promenades 散步者；兜风者 2 Brit.  a person who attends a promenade concert, esp. regularly [英] (尤指经常参加)漫步音乐会的听众

promethazine /prə(ʊ)ˈmeθəzi:n/ n.  an antihistamine drug used to treat allergies, motion sickness, etc. (治疗变态反应、晕动病等的)异丙嗪 [PROPYL + dimeth ylamine + phenothiazine]

Promethean /prəˈmi:θiən/ adj.  daring or inventive like Prometheus, who in Greek myth was punished for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to the human race along with other skills 像普罗米修斯般大胆的；像普罗米修斯般勇于创造的

promethium /prəˈmi:θiəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring in nuclear-waste material (symbol 符 Pm) 【化】(化学元素)钷 [Prometheus: see PROMETHEAN]

prominence /ˈprɒminəns/ n. (亦作 prominency)  1  the state of being prominent 突出，凸出 2  a prominent thing, esp. a jutting outcrop, mountain, etc. 凸出物(尤指岩层、山脉等的突出部分) 3 Astron.  a stream of incandescent gas projecting above the sun's chromosphere 【天】日珥 [obsolete French from Latin prominentia ‘jutting out’ (as PROMINENT)]

prominent /ˈprɒminənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  jutting out; projecting 突出的；突起的 2  conspicuous 惹人注目的 3  distinguished; important 显著的；重要的 ●n. (in full 全称 prominent moth)  a moth of the family Notodontidae, with tufted forewings and larvae with humped backs (舟蛾科)天社蛾 □ prominency  n.  □ prominently  adv.   [Latin prominēre ‘jut out’: cf. EMINENT]

prominenti /prɒmiˈnenti, 意 promiˈnenti/ n. pl.  distinguished or eminent people 名人；显贵 [Italian, from prominente ‘prominent’]

promiscuous /prəˈmiskjʊəs/ adj.  1  a (of a person) having frequent and diverse sexual relationships, esp. transient ones (人)与人乱交的，与人滥交的(尤指临时性的)b (of sexual relationships) of this kind (性关系)乱交的 2  of mixed and indiscriminate composition or kinds; indiscriminate 混杂的，杂乱的；不加区别的  promiscuous hospitality  不加区别的热情好客 3 colloq.  carelessly irregular; casual [口]随便的；不规则的 □ promiscuity  /prɒmiˈskju:iti/ n.  □ promiscuously  adv.  □ promiscuousness  n.   [Latin promiscuus (as PRO-1, miscēre ‘mix’)]

promise /ˈprɒmis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an assurance that one will or will not undertake a certain action, behaviour, etc. 承诺；保证  a promise of help  答应给予帮助 gave a promise to be generous  保证会宽宏大量 2  a sign or signs of future achievements, good results, etc. (有)前途；(有)出息；(有)好结果  a writer of great promise  前途无量的作家 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or that + clause; also absol. [亦含宾])  make (a person) a promise, esp. to do, give, or procure (a thing) 答应；允诺(某人) (尤指做某事、给予或获取某物)  I promise you a fair hearing  我保证你能听得清楚 they promise not to be late  他们答应不会迟到 promised that he would be there  他答应他会去那里 cannot positively promise  不能明确保证 2  a  afford expectations of 有…指望；预示  the discussions promise future problems  这些讨论预示着将来会出问题 promises to be a good cook  有希望成为一名好厨师b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  seem likely to 有可能  is promising to rain  有可能下雨 3 colloq.  assure, confirm [口]向…保证；确保  I promise you, it will not be easy  我向你保证，这件事不会容易 4 (usu. in passive 通常用被动) archaic  betroth [古义]许配  she is promised to another  她被许配给了另外一个人 □ promise oneself   look forward to (a pleasant time etc.) 指望，期待(好时候等)□ promise well (or ill etc.)   hold out good (or bad etc.) prospects 可望产生良好(或不好等)的结果□ promisee  /-ˈsi:/ n. esp. Law (尤)【法律】  □ promiser  n.  □ promisor  n. esp. Law (尤)【法律】   [Middle English from Latin promissum, neut. past part. of promittere ‘put forth, promise’ (as PRO-1, mittere ‘send’)]

promised land n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1 Bibl.  Canaan (Gen. 12:7 etc.) 【圣经】迦南，应许之地 2  a  any place where happiness is expected, esp. heaven 福地(尤指天堂)b  any coveted situation 安乐境界；向往的乐土  a promised land of economic freedom  经济自由的希望之乡

promising /ˈprɒmisiŋ/ adj.  likely to turn out well; hopeful; full of promise 有出息的；有希望的；大有前途的  a promising start  有希望的开端 □ promisingly  adv.  

promissory /ˈprɒmis(ə)ri/ adj.  1  conveying or implying a promise 应允的；约定的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  full of promise 充满希望的 [medieval Latin promissorius from Latin promissor (as PROMISE)]

promissory note n.  a signed document containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to a specified person or the bearer at a specified date or on demand 本票；期票

prommer /ˈprɒmə/ n. colloq.  a person who attends a promenade concert [口]出席漫步音乐会的听众

promo /ˈprəʊməʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  1  publicity, advertising 推销；广告 2  a trailer for a television programme 电视节目预告片 ●adj.  promotional 推销的 [abbreviation]

promontory /ˈprɒm(ə)nt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a point of high land jutting out into the sea etc.; a headland (伸入海等中的)岬；海角 2 Anat.  a prominence or protuberance in the body 【解】隆起；隆突 [medieval Latin promontorium, alteration (influenced by mons montis ‘mountain’) from Latin promunturium (perhaps from PRO-1, mons)]

promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  advance or raise (a person) to a higher office, rank, etc. 提升；晋升(某人)  was promoted to captain  被提升为上尉b  transfer (a sports team) to a higher division of a league etc. 使(球队)晋级 2  help forward; encourage; support actively (a cause, process, desired result, etc.) 促进；鼓励；支持(某事业、进程、目的等)  promoted women's suffrage  支持妇女拥有选举权 3  publicize and sell (a product) 宣传，推销(产品) 4  attempt to ensure the passing of (a private Act of Parliament) 促使(议会私法法案)的通过 5 Chess  raise (a pawn) to the rank of queen etc. when it reaches the opponent's end of the board 【棋类】使(卒)升格(为女王等) □ promotable  adj.  □ promotability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ promotion  /-ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ promotional  /-ˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ promotive  adj.   [Middle English from Latin promovēre promot- (as PRO-1, movēre ‘move’)]

promoter /prəˈməʊtə/ n.  1  a person who promotes 促进者；提倡者 2  a person who finances, organizes, etc. a sporting event, theatrical production, etc. (体育项目、演出等的)资助人；出资人；承办人 3 (in full 全称 company promoter)  a person who promotes the formation of a joint-stock company (股份公司的)发起人 4 Chem.  an additive that increases the activity of a catalyst 【化】助催化剂，助触媒 [earlier promotour, via Anglo-French from medieval Latin promotor (as PROMOTE)]

prompt /prɒm(p)t/ adj., adv., v. & n. ●adj.  1  a  acting with alacrity; ready 敏捷的；迅速的b  made, done, etc. readily or at once 立刻的；马上的  a prompt reply  及时的答复 2  a (of a payment) made forthwith (付款)即期的；即时的b (of goods) for immediate delivery and payment (货物)见货付款的 ●adv. Brit.  punctually [英]准时；按时  at six o'clock prompt  在 6 点整 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  incite; urge 敦促；催促  prompted them to action  敦促他们采取行动 2  a (also absol. [常含宾])  supply a forgotten word, sentence, etc., to (an actor, reciter, etc.) 给(演员、朗诵者等)提词b  assist (a hesitating speaker) with a suggestion 给(结结巴巴的发言者)作提示 3  give rise to; inspire (a feeling, thought, action, etc.) 唤起；激发(感情、思想、行动等) ●n.  1  a  an act of prompting 激励；催促b  a thing said to help the memory of an actor etc. (给演员等的)提词c  = PROMPTER 2 d Computing  an indication or sign on a VDU screen to show that the system is waiting for input 【计算】(显示器上出现的等待输入操作系统的)提示 2  the time limit for the payment of an account, stated on a prompt-note (交割通知单上的)付款期限 □ prompting  n.  □ promptitude  n.  □ promptly  adv.  □ promptness  n.   [Middle English from Old French prompt or Latin promptus, past part. of promere prompt- ‘produce’ (as PRO-1, emere ‘take’)]

prompt book n.  a copy of a play for a prompter's use (供提词员使用的)台词本

prompt box n.  a box in front of the footlights beneath the stage where the prompter sits (舞台上提词员藏身的)提词员厢座

prompter /ˈprɒm(p)tə/ n.  1  a person who prompts 敦促者；催促者 2 Theatr.  a person seated out of sight of the audience who prompts the actors 【戏】(舞台上坐在观众无法看见的位置上的)提词员

prompt-note n.  a note sent to a customer as a reminder of payment due 交割通知单

prompt side n.  the side of the stage where the prompter sits, usu. to the actor's left in the UK but to the actor's right in the US 提词员所坐一侧(在英国通常为舞台上演员的左侧，而美国则在右侧)

promulgate /ˈprɒm(ə)lɡeit/ v. tr.  1  make known to the public; disseminate; promote (a cause etc.) 公布；传播；宣传(某事业等) 2  proclaim (a decree, news, etc.) 颁布，发布(法令、新闻等) □ promulgation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ promulgator  n.   [Latin promulgare (as PRO-1, mulgēre ‘milk, cause to come forth’)]

promulge /prəˈmʌldʒ/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  = PROMULGATE  [PROMULGATE]

pronaos /prəʊˈneiɒs/ n. (pl. pronaoi /-ˈneiɔi/) Gk Antiq.  the space in front of the body of a temple, enclosed by a portico and projecting side walls [古希腊] (寺庙内殿前的)门廊 [Latin from Greek pronaos ‘hall of a temple’ (as PRO-2, NAOS)]

pronate /ˈprəʊneit/ v. tr.  put (the hand, forearm, etc.) into a prone position (with the palm etc. downwards) (cf. 参见 SUPINATE) 使(手、前肢等)内转(掌面朝下) □ pronation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [back-formation from pronation (as PRONE)]

pronator /prəʊˈneitə/ n. Anat.  any muscle producing or assisting in pronation 【解】旋前肌

prone /prəʊn/ adj.  1  a  lying face downwards (cf. 参见 SUPINE adj. 1) 面部向下的b  lying flat; prostrate 平卧的；俯卧的c  having the front part downwards, esp. the palm of the hand (尤指手掌)向前俯的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  disposed or liable, esp. to a bad action, condition, etc. (尤指不好的行为、条件等)有…倾向的；很可能…的  is prone to bite his nails  他有咬指甲的毛病 3 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  more than usually likely to suffer 容易遭受…的  accident-Prone  容易出事故的 4 archaic  with a downward slope or direction [古义]倾斜的；坡陡的 □ pronely  adv.  □ proneness  /ˈprəʊnnis/ n.   [Middle English from Latin pronus, from pro ‘forwards’]■Usage 用法说明 Prone in sense 2 means the same as liable, but is usually used with a person as its subject. Prone 在释义 2 中的释义与 liable 相同，但 prone 常以人作为主语。 

proneur /prəʊˈnɜ:, 法 pronœr/ n.  a person who extols; a flatterer 奉承者；阿谀者 [French prôneur, via prôner ‘eulogize’ from prône, a place in church where addresses were delivered]

prong /prɒŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  each of two or more projecting pointed parts at the end of a fork etc. (叉子等的)；叉尖，齿尖 ●v. tr.  1  pierce or stab with a fork (用叉)刺；戳 2  turn up (soil) with a fork (用叉)挖，掘(泥土) □ pronged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English (also prang), perhaps related to Middle Low German prange ‘pinching instrument’]

pronghorn /ˈprɒŋhɔ:n/ n. (also 亦作 prong-horned antelope)  a N. American deerlike ruminant, Antilocapra americana, the male of which has horns with forward-pointing prongs 叉角羚(产自北美，似鹿，雄羚头上长有尖状叉角)

pronominal /prəʊˈnɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  of, relating to, or serving as, a pronoun 代词的；与代词相关的；作为代词的 □ pronominalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ pronominally  adv.   [Late Latin pronominalis from Latin pronomen (as PRO-1, nomen, nominis ‘noun’)]

pronoun /ˈprəʊnaʊn/ n.  a word used instead of and to indicate a noun already mentioned or known, esp. to avoid repetition (e.g. we, their, this, ourselves) (尤为避免重复而使用的)代词(如 we, their, this, ourselves) [PRO-1, + NOUN, suggested by French pronom, Latin pronomen (as PRO-1, nomen ‘name’)]

pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  utter or speak (words, sounds, etc.) in a certain way 发音；发出(词等)的音 2 tr.  a  utter or deliver (a judgement, sentence, curse, etc.) formally or solemnly 宣布，宣告(审判、判决、诅咒等)b  proclaim or announce officially 正式宣布；公布  I pronounce you man and wife  我正式宣布你们俩结为夫妻 3 tr.  state or declare, as being one's opinion (作为个人的观点)表示；宣称  the apples were pronounced excellent  这些苹果据称香甜可口 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, for, against, in favour of)  pass judgement; give one's opinion 作出判断；发表意见  pronounced for the defendant  发表意见支持被告 □ pronounceable  /-səb(ə)l/ adj.  □ pronounceability  /-səˈbiliti/ n.  □ pronouncement  n.  □ pronouncer  n.   [Middle English via Old French pronuncier from Latin pronuntiare (as PRO-1, nuntiare ‘announce’ from nuntius ‘messenger’)]

pronounced /prəˈnaʊnst/ adj.  1 (of a word, sound, etc.) uttered (单词、声音等)出声的 2  strongly marked; decided 明显的；显著的  a pronounced flavour  显著的特色 a pronounced limp  明显的跛足 □ pronouncedly  /-ˈnaʊnsidli/ adv.  

pronto /ˈprɒntəʊ/ adv. colloq.  promptly, quickly [口]立即；很快 [Spanish from Latin (as PROMPT)]

pronunciation /prənʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the way in which a word is pronounced, esp. with reference to a standard (尤指根据参照发音标准的)发音方式 2  the act or an instance of pronouncing 发音 3  a person's way of pronouncing words etc. (某人的)发音 [Middle English from Old French prononciation or Latin pronuntiatio (as PRONOUNCE)]■Usage 用法说明 Pronunciation is often pronounced with the sound /naʊns/ (rhyming with bounce) instead of /nʌns/ (rhyming with dunce) in the second syllable, as if it were spelt like pronounce. This should be avoided. 单词 pronunciation 的第二个音节 /nʌn/ (与 dunce 同韵)常被发成 /naʊn/ (与 bounce 同韵)，似乎它的拼写与 pronounce 相似。这一错误应当避免。 

pro-nuncio /prəʊˈnʌnsiəʊ, -ʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a papal ambassador to a country which does not accord the Pope's ambassador automatic precedence 教廷副使 [PRO-1 + NUNCIO]

proof /pru:f/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  facts, evidence, argument, etc. establishing or helping to establish a fact 证明；证据；证言  proof of their honesty  证明他们诚实的证据 no proof that he was there  没有证据证明他在那里 2 Law  the spoken or written evidence in a trial 【法律】(审讯中口头或书面的)证词 3  a demonstration or act of proving 证明；证实  not capable of proof  不能证实 in proof of my assertion  证实我的断言 4  a test or trial 试验；检验  put them to the proof  考验他们 the proof of the pudding is in the eating  布丁好坏一吃即知 5  the standard of strength of distilled alcoholic liquors (酒类的)标准酒精度 6 Printing  a trial impression taken from type or film, used for making corrections before final printing 【印刷】样张；校样 7  the stages in the resolution of a mathematical or philosophical problem (数学或哲学问题的)证法 8  each of a limited number of impressions from an engraved plate before the ordinary issue is printed and usu. (in full 全称 proof before letters) before an inscription or signature is added (雕刻版) (尚未印有文字说明的)试印印张 9  a photographic print made for selection etc. 照相样片 10 Sc. Law  a trial before a judge instead of by a jury [苏格兰]【法律】(由法官而非陪审团进行的)审讯 11  any of various preliminary impressions of coins struck as specimens 试样硬币 ●adj.  1  impervious to penetration, ill effects, etc. 无法穿透的；能抵御恶劣影响的  proof against the severest weather  经得住最恶劣的天气 his soul is proof against corruption  他的灵魂经得住腐蚀 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  able to withstand damage or destruction by a specified agent 防…的；耐…的  soundproof  隔音的 childproof  能防止孩童瞎摸乱碰的 3  being of proof alcoholic strength 标准酒精度的 4 (of armour) of tried strength (盔甲)坚硬的 ●v. tr.  1  make (something) proof, esp. make (fabric) waterproof 使(某物)具有耐防性；(尤指)使(织物)具有防水性 2  make a proof of (a printed work, engraving, etc.) 试印(印刷品、雕版图等) □ above proof  (of alcohol) having a stronger than standard strength (酒)比标准酒精度高的□ proofless  adj.   [Middle English prōf prōve, earlier prēf etc., via Old French proeve, prueve and Late Latin proba from Latin probare (see PROVE): the adjective and sometimes the verb formed apparently by ellipsis from the phrase of proof = proved to be impenetrable]

proof-plane n.  a small flat conductor on an insulating handle for measuring the electrification of a body 验电板

proof positive n.  absolutely certain proof 铁证

proof-read v. tr. (past and past part. -read /-red/)  read (printer's proofs) and mark any errors 校对(校样)；校正 □ proof-reader  n.  □ proof-reading  n.  

proof-sheet n.  a sheet of printer's proof 校样

proof spirit n.  a mixture of alcohol and water having proof strength 标准酒精度的酒

prop1 /prɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rigid support, esp. one not an integral part of the thing supported (尤指独立的)支柱，支撑物 2  a person who supplies support, assistance, comfort, etc. 提供支持(或帮助、安慰等)的人；支持者，靠山 3 (in full 全称 prop forward) Rugby  a forward at either end of the front row of a scrum 【英式橄榄球】前排边锋 4 esp. Austral.  a horse's action of propping [尤澳] (马)前腿挺直的停下 ●v. (propped, propping)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against, up, etc.)  support with or as if with a prop 支撑；支持  propped him against the wall  他靠在墙上 propped it up with a brick  用一块砖把它支撑起来 2 intr. esp. Austral. (of a horse etc.) come to a dead stop with the forelegs rigid [尤澳] (马等)前腿挺直突然停下 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch proppe]

prop2 /prɒp/ n. Theatr. colloq. 【戏】[口]  1  = PROPERTY 3  2 (in pl. 用复数)  a property man or mistress 道具管理员 [abbreviation]

prop3 /prɒp/ n. colloq.  an aircraft propeller [口] (飞机)推进器；螺旋桨 [abbreviation]

prop. abbr. [缩略]  1  proprietor  2  proposition 

propaedeutic /prəʊpi:ˈdju:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving as an introduction to higher study; introductory 预备的；初步的 ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  preliminary learning; a propaedeutic subject, study, etc. 预备知识；预备学科(或课程等) □ propaedeutical  adj.   [PRO-2 + Greek paideutikos ‘of teaching’, suggested by Greek propaideuō ‘teach beforehand’]

propaganda /prɒpəˈɡændə/ n.  1  a  an organized programme of publicity, selected information, etc., used to propagate a doctrine, practice, etc. 宣传；传播b usu. derog.  the information, doctrines, etc., propagated in this way, esp. regarded as misleading or dishonest [常贬] (尤指错误或不真实的)传播的信息；宣传的主义(或信念等) 2 (作 Propaganda) RC Ch.  a committee of cardinals responsible for foreign missions 【天主教】(负责对外传教事业的)传信部 [Italian from modern Latin congregatio de propaganda fide ‘congregation for propagation of the faith’]

propagandist /prɒpəˈɡændist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member or agent of a propaganda organization; a person who spreads propaganda (宣传机构的)宣传员；宣传者 ●adj.  consisting of or spreading propaganda 宣传的；传播的 □ propagandism  n.  □ propagandistic  /-ˈdistik/ adj.  □ propagandistically  /-ˈdistik(ə)li/ adv.  □ propagandize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

propagate /ˈprɒpəɡeit/ v. tr.  1  a  breed specimens of (a plant, animal, etc.) by natural processes from the parent stock 繁殖(植物、动物等)b (作 refl. or absol. [含宾]) (of a plant, animal, etc.) reproduce itself (植物、动物等)自身繁殖；增殖 2  disseminate; spread (a statement, belief, theory, etc.) 宣传，传播(声明、信仰、理论等) 3  hand down (a quality etc.) from one generation to another 遗传(特性等) 4  extend the operation of; transmit (a vibration, earthquake, etc.) 使扩展；传送(振动、地震等) □ propagation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ propagative  adj.   [Latin propagare propagat- ‘multiply plants from layers’, from propago (as PRO-1, pangere ‘fix, layer’)]

propagator /ˈprɒpəɡeitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that propagates 宣传者；宣传物；传播者；传播物 2  a small box that can be heated, used for germinating seeds or raising seedlings (可加温的)种子幼苗培养箱

propane /ˈprəʊpein/ n.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series used as bottled fuel Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H8 丙烷 [PROPIONIC ACID + -ANE2]

propanoic acid /prəʊpəˈnəʊik/ n. Chem. 【化】  = PROPIONIC ACID  □ propanoate  /prəˈpænəʊeit/ n.   [PROPANE + -IC]

propanone /ˈprəʊpənəʊn/ n. Chem. 【化】  = ACETONE  [PROPANE + -ONE]

propel /prəˈpel/ v. tr. (propelled, propelling)  1  drive or push forward 驱动；推进 2  urge on; encourage 激励；鼓励 [Middle English, = expel, from Latin propellere (as PRO-1, pellere puls- ‘drive’)]

propellant /prəˈpel(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a thing that propels 推进物 2  an inert compressed fluid in which the active contents of an aerosol are dispersed 压缩气体 3  an explosive that fires bullets etc. from a firearm 发射火药 4  a substance used as a reagent in a rocket engine etc. to provide thrust (火箭发动机等中的)推进燃料 ●adj.  = PROPELLENT 

propellent /prəˈpel(ə)nt/ adj.  propelling; capable of driving or pushing forward 推进的；有推动作用的

propeller /prəˈpelə/ n.  1  a person or thing that propels 推动者；推动物 2  a revolving shaft with blades, esp. for propelling a ship or aircraft (cf. 参见 screw propeller) (尤指推动轮船或飞机的)螺旋桨，推进器

propeller shaft n. Brit.  a shaft transmitting power from an engine to a propeller or to the driven wheels of a motor vehicle [英]螺桨轴

propeller turbine n.  = TURBOPROP 

propelling pencil n. Brit.  a pencil with a replaceable lead moved upward by twisting the outer case [英]活动铅笔

propene /ˈprəʊpi:n/ n. Chem. 【化】  = PROPYLENE  [PROPANE + ALKENE]

propensity /prəˈpensiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  an inclination or tendency 嗜好；倾向  has a propensity for wandering  有闲逛的嗜好 [propense from Latin propensus ‘inclined’, past part. of propendēre (as PRO-1, pendēre ‘hang’)]

proper /ˈprɒpə/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  a  accurate, correct 精确的；正确的  in the proper sense of the word  按这个词的本义 gave him the proper amount  给他准确的数额b  fit, suitable, right 适合的；适宜的；恰当的  at the proper time  在适当的时候 do it the proper way  用适当的方式做这件事 2  decent; respectable, esp. excessively so (尤指过分)正派的；可敬的  not quite proper  不太检点 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  belonging or relating exclusively or distinctively 专有的；特有的  with the respect proper to them  怀着对他们特有的尊敬 4 (usu. placed after noun 通常放在名词之后)  strictly so called; real; genuine 严格意义上的；真正的；名副其实的  this is the crypt, not the cathedral proper  这是教堂的地下室，严格地说不是教堂 5 esp. Brit. colloq.  thorough; complete [尤英口]彻底的；完全的  had a proper row about it  为这件事情大吵大闹了一场 6 Eccl. (of a psalm, lesson, prayer, etc.) appointed for a particular day, occasion, or season 【教会】(赞美诗、圣经段落、祈祷等)特定日子(或场合或季节)用的 7 (usu. placed after noun 通常放在名词之后) Heraldry  in the natural, not conventional, colours 【纹章学】本色的  a peacock proper  天然色彩的孔雀纹章 8 archaic (of a person) handsome; comely [古义] (人)漂亮的；标致的 9 (usu. with possessive pronoun 通常与物主代词连用) archaic  own [古义]自己的  with my proper eyes  我亲眼看见 ●adv. Brit. dial. or colloq. [英方] [口]  1  completely; very 完完全全地；非常地  felt proper daft  感到十分愚蠢 2 (with reference to speech) in a genteel manner (指发言)有修养地  learn to talk proper  学习说话得体 ●n. Eccl.  the part of a service that varies with the season or feast 【教会】特定的礼拜仪式 □ properness  n.   [Middle English via Old French propre from Latin proprius ‘one's own, special’]

proper fraction n.  a fraction that is less than unity, with the numerator less than the denominator 真分数

properly /ˈprɒp(ə)li/ adv.  1  fittingly; suitably 适合地；适宜地  do it properly  做得恰当 2  accurately; correctly 精确地；正确地  properly speaking  严格说来 3  rightly 恰当地  he very properly refused  他十分恰当地拒绝了 4  with decency; respectably 正派地；可敬地  behave properly  行为规矩 5 esp. Brit. colloq.  thoroughly [尤英口]彻底地  they were properly ashamed  他们感到极为羞愧

proper motion n. Astron.  the part of the apparent motion of a fixed star etc. that is due to its actual movement in space relative to the sun 【天】自行

proper name n. (also 亦作 proper noun) Gram.  a name used for an individual person, place, animal, country, title, etc., and spelt with a capital letter, e.g. Jane, London, Everest 【语法】专有名词(如 Jane, London, Everest)

proper pride  see 见 PRIDE n. 3 

propertied /ˈprɒpətid/ adj.  having property, esp. land 有产的(尤指土地)

property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  something owned; a possession, esp. a house, land, etc. 财产；所有物(尤指房屋、土地等)b Law  the right to possession, use, etc. 【法律】所有权(或使用权等)c  possessions collectively, esp. real estate (总称)资产(尤指不动产)  has money in property  投资于房地产 2  an attribute, quality, or characteristic 属性；性质；特性  has the property of dissolving grease  有溶解油脂的特性 3  a movable object used on a theatre stage, in a film, etc. (戏剧、电影等中使用的)道具 4 Logic  a quality common to a whole class but not necessary to distinguish it from others 【逻辑学】固有属性；非本质特性 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French propriété, from Latin proprietas -tatis (as PROPER)]

property man n. (fem. property mistress)  a man (or woman) in charge of theatrical properties 道具管理员

property qualification n.  a qualification for office, or for the exercise of a right, based on the possession of property 财产资格

property tax n.  a tax levied directly on property 财产税

prop forward  see 见 PROP1 n. 3 

prophase /ˈprəʊfeiz/ n. Biol.  the phase in cell division in which chromosomes contract and each becomes visible as two chromatids 【生】(细胞有丝分裂的)前期 [PRO-2 + PHASE]

prophecy /ˈprɒfisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a prophetic utterance, esp. biblical (尤指圣经中的)预言b  a prediction of future events (关于未来事件的)预言  a prophecy of massive inflation  有关大规模通货膨胀的预言 2  the faculty, function, or practice of prophesying 预言能力(或行为)  the gift of prophecy  预言天赋 [Middle English via Old French profecie and Late Latin prophetia from Greek prophēteia (as PROPHET)]

prophesy /ˈprɒfisai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that, who, etc.)  foretell (an event etc.) 预言(某事件等) 2 intr.  speak as a prophet; foretell future events 预言；预告未来 3 intr. archaic  expound the Scriptures [古义]解释《圣经》 □ prophesier  /-saiə/ n.   [Middle English from Old French profecier (as PROPHECY)]

prophet /ˈprɒfit/ n. (fem. prophetess /-tis/)  1  a teacher or interpreter of the supposed will of God, esp. any of the Old Testament or Hebrew prophets 先知；神的代言人(尤指《圣经·旧约》中或希伯莱的先知) 2  a  a person who foretells events 预言家b  a person who advocates and speaks innovatively for a cause 倡导者；鼓吹者  a prophet of the new order  新秩序的倡导者 3 (作 the Prophet)  a  Muhammad 穆罕默德b  Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, or one of his successors (摩门教创始人)约瑟夫·史密斯(或其继承人) 4 (作 the Prophets)  a  the prophetic writings of the Old Testament 《圣经·旧约》的先知书b  one of the three canonical divisions of the Hebrew Bible (cf. 参见 LAW n. 12b, WRITING 4) 希伯莱文《圣经》的三大教规派别之一 5 colloq.  a tipster [口]情报贩子 □ prophethood  n.  □ prophetism  n.   [Middle English via Old French prophete and Latin propheta, prophetes from Greek prophētēs ‘spokesman’ (as PRO-2, phētēs ‘speaker’ from phēmi ‘speak’)]

prophetic /prəˈfetik/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  containing a prediction; predicting 预言的；预示的 2  of or concerning a prophet 先知的；有关先知的 □ prophetical  adj.  □ prophetically  adv.   [French prophétique or Late Latin propheticus from Greek prophētikos (as PROPHET)]

prophylactic /prɒfiˈlæktik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to prevent disease 预防(疾病)的 ●n.  1  a preventive medicine or course of action 预防药物；预防行动 2 esp. N. Amer.  a condom [尤北美]避孕套 [French prophylactique from Greek prophulaktikos, from prophulassō (as PRO-2, phulassō ‘guard’)]

prophylaxis /prɒfiˈlæksis/ n.  preventive treatment against disease (疾病的)预防法 [modern Latin, from PRO-2 + Greek phulaxis ‘act of guarding’]

propinquity /prəˈpiŋkwiti/ n.  1  nearness in space; proximity (空间的)接近；邻近 2  close kinship 近亲 3  similarity 类似，相似 [Middle English from Old French propinquité or Latin propinquitas, via propinquus ‘near’ from prope ‘near to’]

propionic acid /prəʊpiˈɒnik/ n.  a colourless sharp-smelling liquid carboxylic acid used for inhibiting the growth of mould in bread (also called 亦称作 propanoic acid) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C2H5COOH 丙酸 □ propionate  /ˈprəʊpiəneit/ n.   [French propionique (as PRO-2 + Greek piōn ‘fat’), as being the first member of the fatty acid series to form fats]

propitiate /prəˈpiʃieit/ v. tr.  appease (an offended person etc.) 劝解，抚慰(被冒犯者等) □ propitiator  n.   [Latin propitiare (as PROPITIOUS)]

propitiation /prəpiʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  appeasement 劝解；抚慰 2 Bibl.  atonement, esp. Christ's 【圣经】(尤指基督的)赎罪 3 archaic  a gift etc. meant to propitiate [古义]赎罪物 [Middle English from Late Latin propitiatio (as PROPITIATE)]

propitiatory /prəˈpiʃiət(ə)ri/ adj.  serving or intended to propitiate 劝解的；抚慰的  a propitiatory smile  抚慰的微笑 □ propitiatorily  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin propitiatorius (as PROPITIATE)]

propitious /prəˈpiʃəs/ adj.  1 (of an omen etc.) favourable (征兆等)吉利的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to) (of the weather, an occasion, etc.) suitable (天气、场合等)适合的 3  well disposed 友好的；友善的  the fates were propitious  鸿运高照 □ propitiously  adv.  □ propitiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French propicieus or Latin propitius]

prop-jet n.  a turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨发动机

propolis /ˈprɒp(ə)lis/ n.  a red or brown resinous substance collected by bees from buds for use in constructing hives 蜂胶 [Latin from Greek propolis ‘suburb, bee-glue’, from PRO-2 + polis ‘city’]

proponent /prəˈpəʊnənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person advocating a motion, theory, or proposal 提倡者；倡议人 ●adj.  proposing or advocating a theory etc. 提倡的；倡议的 [Latin proponere (as PROPOUND)]

proportion /prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a comparative part or share 部分；份儿  a large proportion of the profits  利润的大部分b  a comparative ratio 比；比例  the proportion of births to deaths  出生与死亡的比例 2  the correct or pleasing relation of things or parts of a thing 匀称；匀衡；相称  the house has fine proportions  这座房子比例协调 exaggerated out of all proportion  极不成比例 3 (in pl. 用复数)  dimensions; size 面积；大小  large proportions  大尺寸 4 Math. 【数】  a  an equality of ratios between two pairs of quantities, e.g. 3:5 and 9:15 等比值(如 3 比 5 和 9 比 15)b  a set of such quantities 一组等比值c Math. 【数】  = RULE OF THREE.See also 亦见 DIRECT PROPORTION, INVERSE PROPORTION  ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  make (a thing etc.) proportionate 使(某物等)成比例(或相称)  must proportion the punishment to the crime  必须罪罚相当 □ in proportion   1  by the same factor 相对应地 2  without exaggerating (importance etc.) (重要性等)恰如其分地  must get the facts in proportion  必须使这些事实恰如其分□ proportioned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ proportionless  adj.  □ proportionment  n.   [Middle English from Old French proportion or Latin proportio (as PRO-1, PORTION)]■Usage 用法说明 Proportion as a noun means ‘comparative share or part’ (see sense 1); it should not be used as a mere synonym for part. 作为名词， proportion 的含义是“部分；份儿”(见释义 1) ；不应该仅仅用作 part 的同义词。 

proportionable /prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  = PROPORTIONAL  □ proportionably  adv.  

proportional /prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  in due proportion; comparable 按一定比例的；相当的  a proportional increase in the expense  消费按比例增加 resentment proportional to his injuries  他伤得愈重恨得愈深 ●n. Math.  each of the terms of a proportion 【数】比例项 □ proportionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ proportionally  adv.  

proportionalist /prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n(ə)list/ n.  an advocate of proportional representation 比例代表制倡导者

proportional representation n.  an electoral system in which all parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them 比例代表制(一种选举体制)

proportionate /prəˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  = PROPORTIONAL  □ proportionately  adv.  

proposal /prəˈpəʊz(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of proposing something 提议；建议b  a course of action etc. so proposed (行动等的)提议；提案  the proposal was never carried out  没有执行提案 2  an offer of marriage 求婚

propose /prəˈpəʊz/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  put forward for consideration or as a plan 提出；提议 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin., or verbal noun)  intend; purpose 打算；企图  propose to open a restaurant  打算开一家饭店 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  offer oneself in marriage 求婚 4 tr.  nominate (a person) as a member of a society, for an office, etc. 提名(某人) 5 tr.  offer (a person's health, a person, etc.) as a subject for a toast 提议为(某人的健康、某人等)干杯 □ proposer  n.   [Middle English via Old French proposer from Latin proponere (as PROPOUND)]

proposition /prɒpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a statement or assertion 陈述；主张 2  a scheme proposed; a proposal 提案；提议 3 Logic  a statement consisting of subject and predicate that is subject to proof or disproof 【逻辑学】命题 4 colloq.  a problem, opponent, prospect, etc. that is to be dealt with [口] (要对付的)问题(或对手、潜在的主顾等)  a difficult proposition  难题 5 Math.  a formal statement of a theorem or problem, often including the demonstration 【数】定理；命题 6  a  an enterprise etc. with regard to its likelihood of commercial etc. success 有希望成功企业(或生意等)b  a person regarded similarly 有希望成功的人 7 colloq.  a sexual proposal [口]性要求 ●v. tr. colloq.  make a proposal (esp. of sexual intercourse) to [口] (尤指性方面)向…提出要求 □ not a proposition   unlikely to succeed 不可能成功□ propositional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French proposition or Latin propositio (as PROPOUND)]

propound /prəˈpaʊnd/ v. tr.  1  offer for consideration; propose 提出…供考虑；提议 2 Law  produce (a will etc.) before the proper authority so as to establish its legality 【法律】(向有关当局)提交(遗嘱等)以确认合法性 □ propounder  n.   [earlier propoune, propone from Latin proponere (as PRO-1, ponere posit- ‘place’): cf. compound, expound]

proprietary /prəˈpraiət(ə)ri/ adj.  1  a  of, holding, or concerning property 财产的；拥有财产的；有关财产的  the proprietary classes  有产阶级b  of or relating to a proprietor 业主的；有关业主的  proprietary rights  所有权 2  held in private ownership 私有的 3 (of a product, esp. a drug or medicine) marketed under and protected by a registered trade name (产品尤指麻醉剂或药品)专利的；专卖的 [Late Latin proprietarius (as PROPERTY)]

proprietary name n. (also 亦作 proprietary term)  a name of a product etc. registered by its owner as a trade mark and not usable by another without permission (产品等的)专利商标名

proprietor /prəˈpraiətə/ n. (fem. proprietress /-tris/)  1  a holder of property 财产所有人 2  the owner of a business etc. (公司等的)业主 □ proprietorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ proprietorially  /-ˈtɔ:riəli/ adv.  □ proprietorship  n.  

propriety /prəˈpraiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  fitness; rightness 适当；恰当  doubt the propriety of refusing him  拒绝他恐怕不合适 2  correctness of behaviour or morals (行为或道德的)正当  highest standards of propriety  最高的行为准则 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the details or rules of correct conduct (正确行为的)礼节；规矩  must observe the proprieties  必须守规矩 [Middle English, = ownership, peculiarity, from Old French propriēté PROPERTY]

proprioceptive /ˌprəʊpriə(ʊ)ˈseptiv/ adj.  relating to stimuli produced and perceived within an organism, esp. relating to the position and movement of the body (尤指与人体位置、运动有关的)本位感受的 [Latin proprius ‘own’ + RECEPTIVE]

proptosis /prɒpˈtəʊsis/ n. Med.  protrusion or displacement, esp. of an eye 【医】(尤指眼睛的)突出；位移 [Late Latin from Greek proptōsis (as PRO-2, piptō ‘fall’)]

propulsion /prəˈpʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of driving or pushing forward 推进；推动 2 archaic  an impelling influence; an impulse [古义]强有力的影响；推动力 □ propulsive  /-ˈpʌlsiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin propulsio from Latin propellere (as PROPEL)]

propyl /ˈprəʊpail, -pil/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Chem.  the monovalent radical of propane, C3H7 － 【化】丙基 [PROPIONIC ACID + -YL]

propyla pl.  of PROPYLON  

propylaeum /prɒpiˈli:əm/ n. (pl. propylaea /-ˈli:ə/)  1  the entrance to a temple (庙宇的)入口，山门 2 (the Propylaeum)  the entrance to the Acropolis at Athens 雅典卫城的入口 [Latin from Greek propulaion (as PRO-2, pulē ‘gate’)]

propylene /ˈprəʊpili:n/ n. Chem.  a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series used in the manufacture of chemicals Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C3H6 【化】丙烯

propylon /ˈprɒpilɒn/ n. (pl. propylons or propyla /-lə/)  = PROPYLAEUM  [Latin from Greek propulon (as PRO-2, pulē ‘gate’)]

pro rata /prəʊ ˈrɑ:tə, ˈreitə/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  proportional 按比例的 ●adv.  proportionally 按比例地 [Latin, = according to the rate]

prorate /prəʊˈreit, ˈprəʊ-/ v. tr.  allocate or distribute pro rata 按比例分配；按比例分发 □ proration  n.  

prorogue /prə(ʊ)ˈrəʊɡ/ v. (prorogues, prorogued, proroguing)  1 tr.  discontinue the meetings of (a parliament etc.) without dissolving it 使(议会等)休会 2 intr. (of a parliament etc.) be prorogued (议会等)休会 □ prorogation  /-rəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English proroge via Old French proroger, -guer from Latin prorogare ‘prolong’ (as PRO-1, rogare ‘ask’)]

pros- /prɒs/ prefix  1  to, towards 向；朝 2  in addition 此外 [Greek from pros (prep.)]

prosaic /prə(ʊ)ˈzeiik/ adj.  1  like prose, lacking poetic beauty 似散文的；没有诗意的 2  unromantic; dull; commonplace 不浪漫的；单调的；平淡无奇的  took a prosaic view of life  对生活采取一种平淡的态度 □ prosaically  adv.  □ prosaicness  n.   [French prosaïque or Late Latin prosaicus (as PROSE)]

prosaist /ˈprəʊzeiist/ n.  1  a prose-writer 散文作家 2  a prosaic person 平凡的人 □ prosaism  n.   [French prosaïste from Latin prosa PROSE]

pros and cons n. pl.  reasons or considerations for and against a proposition etc. 正反两方面；利弊

proscenium /prə(ʊ)ˈsi:niəm/ n. (pl. prosceniums or proscenia /-niə/)  1  the part of the stage in front of the drop or curtain, usu. with the enclosing arch 前舞台，台口(幕布前的舞台部分) 2  the stage of an ancient theatre (旧时的)戏剧舞台 [Latin from Greek proskēnion (as PRO-2, skēnē ‘stage’)]

prosciutto /prəʊˈʃu:təʊ/ n.  Italian ham, esp. cured and eaten as an hors d'oeuvre (尤指作为冷盘的)意大利熏火腿 [Italian]

proscribe /prə(ʊ)ˈskraib/ v. tr.  1  forbid, esp. by law (尤指法律)禁止  proscribed drugs  禁用药品 2  reject or denounce (a practice etc.) as unwanted or dangerous 排斥，斥责(某习俗等) 3 esp. hist.  outlaw (a person) [尤史义]剥夺(某人的)公民权 □ proscription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ proscriptive  /-ˈskriptiv/ adj.   [Latin proscribere (as PRO-1, scribere script- ‘write’)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at PRESCRIBE. 见 PRESCRIBE 的使用说明。 

prose /prəʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the ordinary form of the written or spoken language (opp. 反义 POETRY 2, VERSE n. 1a) 散文；白话文 also 亦作 attrib.: Milton's prose works  弥尔顿的散文作品 2  a passage of prose, esp. for translation into a foreign language (尤指译成外文的)一段散文 3  a  a dull or commonplace speech, writing, etc. 平淡无奇的发言(或写作等)b  an instance of this 单调无聊的事例 4  a plain matter-of-fact quality 平淡无味；乏味  the prose of existence  平淡无味的生活 5 Eccl. 【教会】  = SEQUENCE 8  ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, away, etc.)  talk tediously 啰啰唆唆地讲  was prosing away about his dog  唠唠叨叨地讲他的狗 2 tr.  turn (a poem etc.) into prose 把(诗等)改写成散文 □ proser  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin prosa (oratio) ‘straightforward (discourse)’, fem. of prosus, earlier prorsus ‘direct’]

prosector /prə(ʊ)ˈsektə/ n. esp. hist.  a person who dissects dead bodies in preparation for an anatomical lecture etc. [尤史义]解剖员 [Late Latin = anatomist, from prosecare prosect- (as PRO-1, secare ‘cut’), perhaps influenced by French prosecteur]

prosecute /ˈprɒsikju:t/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  institute legal proceedings against (a person) 起诉；控告(某人)b  institute legal proceedings with reference to (a claim, crime, action, etc.) 依法执行；依法进行(要求、罪行、行动等)  right to prosecute his own action  依法进行他本人起诉的权利 2  follow up, pursue (an inquiry, studies, etc.) 进行，实行(调查、研究等) 3  carry on (a trade, pursuit, etc.) 从事；经营(贸易、职业等) □ prosecutable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin prosequi prosecut- (as PRO-1, sequi ‘follow’)]

prosecution /prɒsiˈkju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the institution and carrying on of a criminal charge in a court (指罪行的)起诉；告发b  the carrying on of legal proceedings against a person (对某人的)起诉；控告c  the prosecuting party in a court case 控方，原告方  the prosecution denied this  原告对此予以否认 2  the act or an instance of prosecuting 从事；经营  met her in the prosecution of his hobby  他在进行业余爱好的活动时遇到了她 [Old French prosecution or Late Latin prosecutio (as PROSECUTE)]

prosecutor /ˈprɒsikju:tə/ n. (fem. prosecutrix /-triks/)  a person who prosecutes, esp. in a criminal court (尤指刑事法庭上的)起诉人，原告 □ prosecutorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  

prose idyll n.  a short description in prose of a picturesque, esp. rustic, incident, character, etc. (描写乡村、事件、人物等的)田园生活散文

proselyte /ˈprɒsilait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person converted, esp. recently, from one opinion, creed, party, etc., to another (尤指新近)改变观点(或信条、党派等)的人 2  a Gentile convert to Judaism 皈依犹太教者 ●v. tr. US [美]  = PROSELYTIZE  □ proselytism  /-litiz(ə)m/ n.   [Middle English via Late Latin proselytus from Greek prosēluthos ‘stranger, convert’ (as PROS-, ēluth-, stem of erkhomai ‘come’)]

proselytize /ˈprɒsilitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (also absol. [亦含宾])  convert (a person or people) from one belief etc. to another, esp. habitually (尤指习惯性地)改变(某人或人们)信仰 □ proselytizer  n.  

prosencephalon /prɒsenˈsefəlɒn, -ˈkef-/ n. Anat. 【解】  = FOREBRAIN  [Greek prosō ‘forwards’ + ENCEPHALON]

prosenchyma /prɒˈseŋkimə/ n.  a plant tissue of elongated cells with interpenetrating tapering ends, occurring esp. in vascular tissue (尤指维管组织中的)长轴组织 □ prosenchymal  adj.  □ prosenchymatous  /-ˈkimətəs/ adj.   [Greek pros ‘toward’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’, on the pattern of parenchyma]

prose poem n. (also 亦作 prose poetry)  a piece of imaginative poetic writing in prose 散文诗

prosify /ˈprəʊzifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  turn into prose 使散文化 2 tr.  make prosaic 使变得平淡无奇 3 intr.  write prose 写散文

prosimian /prəʊˈsimiən/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  a primitive primate of the suborder Prosimii, which includes lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers (包括狐猴、懒猴、丛猴的)原猴亚目 ●adj.  of or relating to this suborder 原猴亚目的；与原猴亚目有关的 [PRO-2 + SIMIAN]

prosit /ˈprəʊzit/ int.  an expression used in drinking a person's health etc. 为某人健康(或幸福等)干杯 [German from Latin, = may it benefit]

prosody /ˈprɒsədi/ n.  1  the theory and practice of versification; the laws of metre 诗体学；作诗法；韵律学 2  the study of speech rhythms 语言韵律学 □ prosodic  /prəˈsɒdik/ adj.  □ prosodist  n.   [Middle English via Latin prosodia ‘accent’ from Greek prosōidia (as PROS-, ODE)]

prosopography /prɒsə(ʊ)ˈpɒɡrəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a description of a person's appearance, personality, social and family connections, career, etc. (描述人的外貌、性格、社会和家庭关系、事业等的)人物传记 2  the study of such descriptions, esp. in Roman history (尤指罗马史中的)人学 □ prosopographer  n.  □ prosopographic  /-pəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ prosopographical  /-pəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin prosopographia (as Greek prosōpon ‘face, person’, -GRAPHY)]

prosopopoeia /prɒsəpəˈpi:ə/ n.  the rhetorical introduction of a pretended speaker or the personification of an abstract thing (虚幻人物的)具体化；(抽象事物的)拟人法 [Latin from Greek prosōpopoiia, from prosōpon ‘person’ + poieō ‘make’]

prospect n. & v. ●n. /ˈprɒspekt/  1  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  an expectation, esp. of success in a career etc. (尤指事业等成功的)前景；前途；前程  his prospects were brilliant  他前程无量 offers a gloomy prospect  前途暗淡 no prospect of success  没有成功的希望b  something one has to look forward to 盼望的事物  don't relish the prospect of meeting him  不指望见到他 2  an extensive view of landscape etc. 景象；视野  a striking prospect  壮丽的景色 3  a mental picture 意境；展望  a new prospect in his mind  新的展望在他心中泛起 4  a possible or probable customer, subscriber, etc. 潜在顾客(或订户等) 5  a  a place likely to yield mineral deposits (有可能含矿的)矿藏b  a sample of ore for testing (待检验的)矿石样品c  the resulting yield (从矿石样品中检验出的)含矿率 ●v. /prəˈspekt/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a  explore a region for gold etc. 勘探(金矿等)b  look out for or search for something 勘察；搜查(某物) 2 tr.  a  explore (a region) for gold etc. (为寻找金矿等)勘察(某地区)b  work (a mine) experimentally 试验性地开采(某矿)c (of a mine) promise (a specified yield) (矿)含有(一定的产量) □ prospect well (or ill etc.)  (of a mine) promise well (or ill etc.) (矿)有(或没有等)开采前途□ prospectless  adj.  □ prospector  /prəˈspektə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin prospectus: see PROSPECTUS]

prospective /prəˈspektiv/ adj.  1  concerned with or applying to the future (cf. 参见 RETROSPECTIVE adj. 1) 预期的；涉及将来的  implies a prospective obligation  意味着未来的责任 2  some day to be; expected; future 总有一天的；期望的；将来的，未来的  prospective bridegroom  未来的新郎 □ prospectively  adv.  □ prospectiveness  n.   [obsolete French prospectif -ive or Late Latin prospectivus (as PROSPECTUS)]

prospectus /prəˈspektəs/ n. (pl. prospectuses)  a printed document advertising or describing a school, commercial enterprise, forthcoming book, etc. (学校、企业、即将出版的书籍等的)简介；计划书；广告宣传资料 [Latin, = prospect, from prospicere (as PRO-1, specere ‘to look’)]

prosper /ˈprɒspə/ v.  1 intr.  succeed; thrive 成功；繁荣  nothing he touches prospers  他事事不顺 2 tr.  make successful 使成功  Heaven prosper him  天助他成功 [Middle English from Old French prosperer or Latin prosperare (as PROSPEROUS)]

prosperity /prɒˈsperiti/ n.  a state of being prosperous; wealth or success 繁荣；富足；成功

prosperous /ˈprɒsp(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  successful; rich 成功的；富足的  a prosperous merchant  成功的商人 2  flourishing; thriving 兴旺的；繁荣的  a prosperous enterprise  繁荣的企业 3  auspicious 吉利的；顺利的  a prosperous wind  顺风 □ prosperously  adv.  □ prosperousness  n.   [Middle English via obsolete French prospereus from Latin prosper(us)]

prostaglandin /prɒstəˈɡlændin/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of cyclic fatty acids with varying hormone-like effects in mammals, including the promotion of uterine contractions 【生化】前列腺素 [German (as PROSTATE + GLAND1 + -IN)]

prostate /ˈprɒsteit/ n. (in full 全称 prostate gland)  a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing a fluid forming part of the semen 前列腺 □ prostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [French via modern Latin prostata from Greek prostatēs ‘one that stands before’ (as PRO-2, statos ‘standing’)]

prosthesis /ˈprɒsθisis, -ˈθi:sis/ n. (pl. prostheses /-si:z/)  1  a  an artificial part supplied to remedy a deficiency, e.g. a false breast, leg, tooth, etc. 假体(如人造乳房、假腿、假牙等)b  the branch of surgery supplying and fitting prostheses 整形术；修复术，修补术 2 Gram.  the addition of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word, e.g. be- in beloved 【语法】词首增添字母(或音节) (如 beloved 中的 be-) □ prosthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.  □ prosthetically  /-ˈθetik(ə)li/ adv.   [Late Latin from Greek prosthesis from prostithēmi (as PROS-, tithēmi ‘place’)]

prosthetics /prɒsˈθetiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  = PROSTHESIS 1b 

prostitute /ˈprɒstitju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a woman who engages in sexual activity for payment 妓女；娼妓b (usu. 通常作 male prostitute)  a man or boy who engages in sexual activity, esp. with homosexual men, for payment (尤指为挣钱而搞同性恋的)男妓；男童妓 2  a person who debases himself or herself for personal gain (为图利而)自我贬损的人 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. 尤作 refl.)  make a prostitute of (esp. oneself) 使(尤指自己)沦为娼妓 2  a  misuse (one's talents, skills, etc.) for money (为金钱)滥用(自己的才能、技艺等)b  offer (oneself, one's honour, etc.) for unworthy ends, esp. for money (为可耻的目的尤指钱财而)出卖(自己、荣誉等) □ prostitution  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ prostitutor  n.   [Latin prostituere prostitut- ‘offer for sale’ (as PRO-1, statuere ‘set up, place’)]

prostrate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈprɒstreit/  1  a  lying face downwards, esp. in submission (尤指表示屈服)俯卧的；拜倒的b  lying horizontally 卧倒的；平卧的 2  overcome, esp. by grief, exhaustion, etc. (尤指因悲痛、精疲力竭等)虚弱的；衰竭的  prostrate with self-pity  因自哀而一蹶不振的 3 Bot.  growing along the ground 【植】爬地的；匍匐的 ●v. tr. /prɒˈstreit/  1  lay (a person etc.) flat on the ground 使(人等)平卧 2 (作 refl.)  throw (oneself) down in submission etc. 使(自己)屈服(或服从等) 3 (of fatigue, illness, etc.) overcome; reduce to extreme physical weakness (疲劳、疾病等)使衰弱；使精疲力竭 □ prostration  /prɒˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin prostratus, past part. of prosternere (as PRO-1, sternere strat- ‘lay flat’)]

prostyle /ˈprəʊstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a portico with not more than four columns 柱廊 ●adj. (of a building) having such a portico (建筑物)柱廊式的 [Latin prostylos ‘having pillars in front’ (as PRO-2, STYLE)]

prosy /ˈprəʊzi/ adj. (prosier, prosiest)  tedious; commonplace; dull 冗长的；平淡无味的；沉闷的  prosy talk  冗长乏味的谈话 □ prosily  adv.  □ prosiness  n.  

Prot. abbr. [缩略]  1  Protectorate  2  Protestant 

protactinium /prəʊtækˈtiniəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element whose chief isotope yields actinium by decay (symbol 符 Pa) 【化】(化学元素)镤 [German (as PROTO-, ACTINIUM)]

protagonist /prəˈtæɡ(ə)nist/ n.  1  the chief person in a drama, story, etc. (戏剧、故事等中的)主人公，主角 2  the leading person in a contest etc.; a principal performer (竞赛等的)主要人物；主要演员 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, for) disp.  an advocate or champion of a cause, course of action, etc. [异议] (事业、行动过程等的)倡导者或拥护者  a protagonist of women's rights  女权运动的拥护者 [Greek prōtagōnistēs (as PROTO-, agōnistēs ‘actor’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of protagonist in sense 3 to mean ‘a champion or advocate of a cause’ is considered incorrect in standard English. The word contains the Greek prefix proto- meaning ‘first’, not the prefix pro- meaning ‘in favour of’. 在释义 3 中， protagonist 表示“事业的倡导者或拥护者”。在规范英语中，这一用法被视为不正确。因为该词含有希腊语前缀 proto- (表示“第一”)，而非前缀 pro- (表示“支持”)。 

protamine /ˈprəʊtəmi:n/ n.  any of a group of simple proteins found combined with nucleic acids, esp. in fish sperm (尤指鱼精子中的)鱼精蛋白，鱼卵胺 [PROTO- + AMINE]

protasis /ˈprɒtəsis/ n. (pl. protases /-si:z/)  the clause expressing the condition in a conditional sentence 条件从句 □ protatic  /-ˈtætik/ adj.   [Latin, from Greek protasis ‘proposition’ (as PRO-2, teinō ‘stretch’)]

protea /ˈprəʊtiə/ n.  any shrub of the genus Protea native to S. Africa, with conelike flower heads 普罗梯亚木属灌木(产于南美，结圆锥形头状花序) [modern Latin from PROTEUS, with reference to the many species]

protean /ˈprəʊtiən, prəʊˈti:ən/ adj.  1  variable, taking many forms 变化多端的；千变万化的 2 (of an artist, writer, etc.) versatile (艺术家、作家等)多才多艺的 [from PROTEUS]

protease /ˈprəʊtieiz/ n.  any enzyme able to hydrolyse proteins and peptides; a proteolytic enzyme 朊酶，蛋白水解酶 [PROTEIN + -ASE]

protect /prəˈtekt/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, against)  keep (a person, thing, etc.) safe; defend; guard 保护；防护；护卫  goggles protected her eyes from dust  风镜使她的眼睛免进沙尘 guards protected the queen  警卫们护卫着女王 2 Econ.  shield (home industry) from competition by imposing import duties on foreign goods 【经】(对国外产品征收进口关税)保护(国内工业) 3 Brit.  provide funds to meet (a bill, draft, etc.) [英]备款以支付(账单、汇票等) 4  provide (machinery etc.) with appliances to prevent injury from it 在(机器等)上安装设备以免伤人 [Latin protegere protect- (as PRO-1, tegere ‘cover’)]

protection /prəˈtekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of protecting 保护；保障b  the state of being protected; defence 护卫；防护  affords protection against the weather  提供防护抵御恶劣天气c  a thing, person, or animal that provides protection (起护卫作用的)保护物；保护者；保护动物  bought a dog as protection  买条狗防身 2 (also 亦作 protectionism /-niz(ə)m/) Econ.  the theory or practice of protecting home industries 【经】保护国内工业的理论(或实践) 3 colloq. [口]  a  immunity from molestation obtained by payment to gangsters etc. under threat of violence (在暴力危胁下向歹徒交保护费后得到的)免遭暴力的“保护”b (in full 全称 protection money)  the money so paid, esp. on a regular basis (尤指定期交纳的)“保护”费 4  = SAFE CONDUCT  5 archaic  the keeping of a woman as a mistress [古义] (把某女子当作情妇供养的)保护 □ protectionist  n.   [Middle English from Old French protection or Late Latin protectio (as PROTECT)]

protective /prəˈtektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  protecting; intended or intending to protect 保护的；意在防护的；出于防护目的的 2 (of food) protecting against deficiency diseases (食品)防止营养缺乏病的 ●n. Brit.  something that protects, esp. a condom [英]防护物品(尤指避孕套) □ protectively  adv.  □ protectiveness  n.  

protective clothing n.  clothing worn to shield the body from dangerous substances or a hostile environment 防护服

protective colouring n.  colouring disguising or camouflaging a plant or animal 保护色

protective custody n.  the detention of a person for his or her own protection 保护性监禁

protector /prəˈtektə/ n. (fem. protectress /-tris/)  1  a  a person who protects 保护者b  a guardian or patron 监护人；庇护人 2 (usu. 通常作 Protector) hist.  a regent in charge of a kingdom during the minority, absence, etc. of the sovereign [史义]摄政者 3 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a thing or device that protects 防护物；保护器  chest protector  护胸 4 (作 Protector) (in full 全称 Lord Protector of the Commonwealth) hist.  the title of Oliver Cromwell 1653 － 8 and his son Richard Cromwell 1658 － 9 [史义]护国公(指 1653 年至 58 年及 1658 年至 1659 年的克伦威尔父子) □ protectoral  adj.  □ protectorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French protecteur from Late Latin protector (as PROTECT)]

protectorate /prəˈtekt(ə)rət/ n.  1  a  a state that is controlled and protected by another 受保护国b  such a relation of one state to another 保护关系 2 (usu. 通常作 Protectorate) hist. [史义]  a  the office of the protector of a kingdom or state 摄政者的职位b  the period of this, esp. in England under the Cromwells 1653 － 9 护国时期(尤指 1653 至 1659 年间克伦威尔的摄政时期)

protein /ˈprəʊti:n/ n.  1  any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds having large compact or fibrous molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids and forming an essential part of all living organisms 蛋白质 2  such substances collectively, esp. as a dietary component (尤指饮食成分中所含的)蛋白质(总称) □ proteinaceous  /-ˈneiʃəs/ adj.  □ proteinic  /-ˈti:nik/ adj.  □ proteinous  /-ˈti:nəs, -ˈti:inəs/ adj.   [French protéine, German Protein from Greek prōteios ‘primary’]

pro tem /prəʊ ˈtem/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口]  = PRO TEMPORE  [abbreviation]

pro tempore /prəʊ ˈtempəri/ adj. & adv.  for the time being 临时的 [Latin]

proteolysis /prəʊtiˈɒlisis/ n.  the splitting of proteins or peptides by the action of enzymes esp. during the process of digestion (尤指消化过程中的)蛋白水解(作用) □ proteolytic  /-əˈlitik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from PROTEIN + -LYSIS]

Proterozoic /prəʊt(ə)rəˈzəʊik/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the later part of the Precambrian era, characterized by the oldest forms of life (cf. 参见 ARCHAEAN) 元古代的；与元古代有关的 ●n.  this era 元古代 [Greek proteros ‘former’ + zōē ‘life’, zōos ‘living’]

protest n. & v. ●n. /ˈprəʊtest/  1  a statement of dissent or disapproval; a remonstrance 抗议；异议；反对  made a protest  提出抗议 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a usu. public demonstration of objection to government etc. policy (通常指对政府等的政策)公开示威，公开抗议  marched in protest  抗议游行 protest demonstration  抗议示威 3  a solemn declaration (庄严的)声明 4 Law  a written declaration, usu. by a notary public, that a bill has been presented and payment or acceptance refused 【法律】(公证人对汇票等的)拒付证书 ●v. /prəˈtest/  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, at, about, etc.)  make a protest against an action, proposal, etc. (对诉讼、提议等)提出异议 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause; also absol. [亦含宾])  affirm (one's innocence etc.) solemnly, esp. in reply to an accusation etc. (尤指在辩诉等中)声明(某人无罪等) 3 tr. Law  write or obtain a protest in regard to (a bill) 【法律】(书面)声明拒付(票据)；获得(拒付证书) 4 tr. N. Amer.  object to (a decision etc.) [北美]反对(某决议等) □ under protest   unwillingly 不情愿地□ protester  n.  □ protestingly  adv.  □ protestor  n.   [Middle English via Old French protest (n.), protester (v.), from Latin protestari (as PRO-1, testari ‘assert’ from testis ‘witness’)]

Protestant /ˈprɒtist(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member or follower of any of the western Christian Churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church in accordance with the principles of the Reformation 新教徒(根据宗教改革脱离罗马天主教的基督教徒) 2 (作 protestant) /also 亦作 prəˈtest(ə)nt/  a protesting person 抗议者；反对者；持异议者 ●adj.  1  of or relating to any of the Protestant Churches or their members etc. 新教(教徒)的；与新教(教徒)有关的 2 (作 protestant) /also 亦作 prəˈtest(ə)nt/  protesting 提出抗议的；表示反对的 □ Protestantism  n.  □ Protestantize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin protestans, part. of Latin protestari (see PROTEST)]

protestation /prɒtiˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong affirmation (强烈的)声明 2  a protest 抗议；反对 [Middle English from Old French protestation or Late Latin protestatio (as PROTESTANT)]

Proteus /ˈprəʊtiəs, -tju:s/ n.  1  a changing or inconstant person or thing 多变的人(或物)；反复无常者 2 (作 proteus)  a  a bacterium of the genus Proteus, found in the intestines of animals and in the soil 变形杆菌b  = OLM  [Latin from Greek Prōteus, a sea-god able to take various forms at will]

prothalamium /prəʊθəˈleimiəm/ n. (also 亦作 prothalamion /-miən/) (pl. prothalamia /-miə/)  a song or poem to celebrate a forthcoming wedding 祝婚歌；祝婚诗 [title of a poem by Spenser, on the pattern of epithalamium]

prothallium /prəʊˈθæliəm/ n. (pl. prothallia /-liə/)  = PROTHALLUS  [modern Latin, from PRO-2 + Greek thallion, diminutive of thallos: see PROTHALLUS]

prothallus /prəʊˈθæləs/ n. (pl. prothalli /-lai, -li:/) Bot.  the gametophyte of certain plants, esp. of a fern 【植】原叶体 [modern Latin, from PRO-2 + Greek thallos ‘green shoot’]

prothesis /ˈprɒθisis/ n. (pl. protheses /-si:z/)  1 Eccl. (esp. in the Orthodox Church) 【教会】(尤指东正教中的)a  the placing of the Eucharistic elements on the credence table 圣餐物品的安放b  a credence table 圣餐桌c  the part of a church where this stands 圣餐桌的放置处 2 Gram. 【语法】  = PROSTHESIS 2  □ prothetic  /prəˈθetik/ adj.   [Greek from protithēmi (as PRO-2, tithēmi ‘place’)]

prothonotary var.  of PROTONOTARY  PROTONOTARY 的变体

prothonotary warbler n.  a N. American wood warbler, Protonotarius citrea (产于北美的)蓝翅黄森莺

protist /ˈprəʊtist/ n.  any primitive organism of the kingdom Protista, with both plant and animal characteristics, including protozoans and simple algae and fungi 原生生物 □ protistology  /-ˈtɒlədʒi/ n.   [modern Latin Protista from Greek prōtista, neut. pl. superl. of prōtos ‘first’]

protium /ˈprəʊtiəm/ n.  the ordinary isotope of hydrogen as distinct from heavy hydrogen (cf. 参见 DEUTERIUM, TRITIUM) 氕(氢的同位素) [modern Latin, from PROTO- + -IUM]

proto- /ˈprəʊtəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  original, primitive (proto-Germanic 原始日耳曼语 ; proto-Slavic 原始斯拉夫语) 最初；原始 2  first, original (protomartyr 第一个殉教者 ; protophyte 原生植物) 第一；起始 [Greek prōto- from prōtos ‘first’]

protocol /ˈprəʊtəkɒl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  official, esp. diplomatic, formality and etiquette observed on state occasions etc. (尤指在国事活动等场合要遵守的)礼仪；外交礼节b  the rules, formalities, etc. of any procedure, group, etc. 规矩；礼节 2  the original draft of a diplomatic document, esp. of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties (外交文件的)原始草案(尤指经会议通过、与会者签字的协议条款) 3  a formal statement of a transaction 议定书 4  the official formulae at the beginning and end of a charter, papal bull, etc. (宪章、罗马教皇诏书等的)首尾程式 5 US  a record of experimental observations etc. [美]实验观察记录 6  a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data electronically between devices 数据交换传送规程 ●v. (protocolled, protocolling)  1 intr.  draw up a protocol or protocols 草拟议定书 2 tr.  record in a protocol 把…记录在议定书上 [originally Scots prothocoll, via Old French prothocole and medieval Latin protocollum from Greek protokollon ‘first page, flyleaf’ (as PROTO-, kolla ‘glue’)]

protomartyr /prəʊtəʊˈmɑ:tə/ n.  the first martyr in any cause, esp. the first Christian martyr St Stephen 第一个殉教者(尤指基督教第一个殉教者圣司提反)

proton /ˈprəʊtɒn/ n. Physics  a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron 【物理学】质子 □ protonic  /prə(ʊ)ˈtɒnik/ adj.   [Greek, neut. of prōtos ‘first’]

protonotary /prəʊtəˈnəʊt(ə)ri, prəˈtɒnət(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 prothonotary /prəʊθ-, prəˈθɒnə-/) (pl. -ies)  a chief clerk in some law courts, originally in the Byzantine court (某些法庭的)首席书记官(起源于拜占庭法庭) [medieval Latin protonotarius from late Greek protonotarios (as PROTO-, NOTARY)]

Protonotary Apostolic n. (also 亦作 Protonotary Apostolical)  a member of the college of prelates who register papal acts, direct the canonization of saints, etc. 教廷最高书记团成员

protopectin /prəʊtəˈpektin/ n.  = PECTOSE 

protophyte /ˈprəʊtəfait/ n.  a unicellular plant bearing gametes 单细胞植物；原生植物

protoplasm /ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  the material comprising the living part of a cell, consisting of a nucleus embedded in membrane-enclosed cytoplasm 【生】细胞质；原生质 □ protoplasmal  /-ˈplæzm(ə)l/ adj.  □ protoplasmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ protoplasmic  /-ˈplæzmik/ adj.   [Greek protoplasma (as PROTO-, PLASMA)]

protoplast /ˈprəʊtəplæst/ n. Biol.  the protoplasm of one cell, esp. a living plant or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed 【生】原生质体 □ protoplastic  /-ˈplæstik/ adj.   [French protoplaste or Late Latin protoplastus from Greek protoplastos (as PROTO-, plassō ‘mould’)]

prototherian /prəʊtə(ʊ)ˈθiəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any mammal of the subclass Prototheria, including monotremes 原兽亚纲哺乳动物(包括单孔目动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this subclass 原兽亚纲的；与原兽亚纲有关的 [PROTO- + Greek thēr ‘wild beast’]

prototype /ˈprəʊtətaip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an original thing or person of which or whom copies, imitations, improved forms, representations, etc. are made (物或人的)原型；模型 2  a trial model or preliminary version of a vehicle, machine, etc. (汽车的、机器等的)样品；样式 ●v. tr.  make a prototype of (a product) 做(产品的)模型(或样品) □ prototypal  adj.  □ prototypic  /-ˈtipik/ adj.  □ prototypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.  □ prototypically  /-ˈtipik(ə)li/ adv.   [French prototype or Late Latin prototypus from Greek prototupos (as PROTO-, TYPE)]

protozoan /prəʊtəˈzəʊən/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 protozoon /-ˈzəʊɒn/) (pl. protozoa /-ˈzəʊə/ or protozoans)  a usu. unicellular and microscopic organism of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa, e.g. an amoeba or a ciliate 原生动物(如变形虫或纤毛虫) ●adj. (also 亦作 protozoic /-ˈzəʊik/)  of or relating to this group of organisms 原生动物的；与原生动物有关的 □ protozoal  adj.   [modern Latin (as PROTO-, Greek zōion ‘animal’)]

protract /prəˈtrækt/ v. tr.  1  prolong or lengthen in space or esp. time 延长；拖延(尤指时间)  protracted their stay for some weeks  他们把停留时间拖延为几个星期 2  draw (a plan of ground etc.) to scale 按比例绘制(土地规划等) □ protractedly  adv.  □ protractedness  n.   [Latin protrahere protract- (as PRO-1, trahere ‘draw’)]

protractile /prəˈtræktail, -til/ adj. (of a part of the body etc.) capable of being protruded or extended (身体部位等)能伸出的；可延长的

protraction /prəˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of protracting; the state of being protracted 伸长；延长 2  a drawing to scale 按比例绘制 3  the action of a protractor muscle 牵引肌的作用 [French protraction or Late Latin protractio (as PROTRACT)]

protractor /prəˈtræktə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring angles, usu. in the form of a graduated semicircle 量角器；半圆仪 2  a muscle serving to extend a limb etc. 牵引肌

protrude /prəˈtru:d/ v.  1 intr.  extend beyond or above a surface; project 伸出；突出 2 tr.  thrust or cause to thrust out 使伸出；使突出 □ protrudent  adj.  □ protrusible  adj.  □ protrusion  /-ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ protrusive  adj.   [Latin protrudere (as PRO-1, trudere trus- ‘thrust’)]

protrusile /prəˈtru:sail/ adj. (of a limb etc.) capable of being thrust forward (肢体等)可伸出的 [PRO-1 + EXTRUSILE: see EXTRUDE]

protuberant /prəˈtju:b(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  bulging out; prominent 突出的；凸起的 □ protuberance  n.   [Late Latin protuberare (as PRO-1, tuber ‘bump’)]

protégé /ˈprɒtiʒei, -teʒei, ˈprəʊ-/ n. (fem. protégée pronunc. same 发音同)  a person under the protection, patronage, tutelage, etc. of another 被保护人；门生；门徒 [French, past part. of protéger, from Latin protegere PROTECT]

proud /praʊd/ adj.  1  feeling greatly honoured or pleased 感到荣耀的；感到荣幸的  am proud to know him  很荣幸认识他 proud of his friendship  与他为友觉得荣幸 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  valuing oneself, one's possessions, etc. highly, or esp. too highly; haughty; arrogant 骄傲的；妄自尊大的；傲慢的  proud of his ancient name  为他的古老家族而感到骄傲b (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  having a proper pride; satisfied 自豪的；满意的  house-proud  讲究家庭摆设的 proud of a job well done  对工作做得好感到满意 3  a (of an occasion etc.) justly arousing pride (场合等)引以为荣的  a proud day for us  我们引以为荣的一天 a proud sight  壮丽的景色b (of an action etc.) showing pride (行动等)得意的  a proud wave of the hand  得意地挥着手 4 (of a thing) imposing; splendid (事物)壮观的；辉煌的 5 Brit.  slightly projecting from a surface etc. [英] (在表面等上)隆起的  the nail stood proud of the plank  钉子在木板上露了出来 6 (of flesh) overgrown round a healing wound (肉)在愈合的伤口四周赘生的 7 (of water) swollen in flood (水)上涨的；泛滥的 □ do proud  colloq.  1  treat (a person) with lavish generosity or honour 盛情款待(某人)  they did us proud on our anniversary  在周年纪念活动里他们盛情款待了我们 2 (作 refl.)  act honourably or worthily 行为可敬；举止可敬□ proudly  adv.  □ proudness  n.   [Old English prūt, prūd from Old French prud, prod, oblique case of pruz etc. ‘valiant’, ultimately via Late Latin prode from Latin prodesse ‘be of value’ (as PRO-1, esse ‘be’)]

proud-hearted adj.  haughty; arrogant 傲慢的；骄傲的

Prov. abbr. [缩略]  1  Proverbs (Old Testament)  2  Province 

prove /pru:v/ v. (past part. proved or proven /ˈpru:v(ə)n, ˈprəʊ-/)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  demonstrate the truth of by evidence or argument 证明，证实 2 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  be found 证明是；表明  it proved to be untrue  证明这不是真的b  emerge incontrovertibly as 结果是  will prove the winner  最后将成为胜者 3 tr. Math.  test the accuracy of (a calculation) 【数】验算；验证 4 tr.  establish the genuineness and validity of (a will) 认证(遗嘱) 5 intr. (of dough) rise in bread-making (面团)发酵 6 tr.  = PROOF 6  7 tr.  subject (a gun etc.) to a testing process 检验，试验(枪等) 8 tr. archaic  test the qualities of; try [古义]考验 □ not proven  (in Scottish Law) a verdict that there is insufficient evidence to establish guilt or innocence (苏格兰法律中的)证据不足□ prove oneself   show one's abilities, courage, etc. 表明自己的能力(或勇气等)□ provable  adj.  □ provability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French prover from Latin probare ‘test, approve, demonstrate’, from probus ‘good’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of proven as the past participle is uncommon except in certain expressions, such as of proven ability. It is, however, standard in Scots and American English. 除了在某些表达中，如 of proven ability, proven 很少作为过去分词使用。但在苏格兰英语和美国英语里，这种用法很规范。 

provenance /ˈprɒv(ə)nəns/ n.  1  the place of origin or earliest known history, esp. of a work of art, manuscript, etc. (尤指艺术品、手稿等的)来源；出处；历史；由来 2  origin 起源 [French from provenir from Latin provenire (as PRO-1, venire ‘come’)]

provender /ˈprɒvində/ n.  1  animal fodder (牲畜)饲料 2 joc.  food for human beings [诙] (人的)食物 [Middle English from Old French provendre, provende, ultimately from Latin praebenda (see PREBEND)]

provenience /prəˈvi:niəns/ n. US [美]  = PROVENANCE  [Latin provenire (as PROVENANCE)]

Provençal /prɒvɒnˈsɑ:l, -vɒ˜-, -ˈsæl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning the language, inhabitants, landscape, etc. of Provence, a former province of SE France 普罗旺斯的；普罗旺斯语的；普罗旺斯人的(或普罗旺斯风光的等) ●n.  1  a native of Provence 普罗旺斯人 2  the language of Provence 普罗旺斯语 [French (as PROVINCIAL, from provincia ‘province’ as Latin colloq. name for southern Gaul under Roman rule)]

proverb /ˈprɒvɜ:b/ n.  1  a short pithy saying in general use, held to embody a general truth 谚语；俗语 2  a person or thing that is notorious 众所周知的人(或物)  he is a proverb for inaccuracy  他粗枝大叶是有名的 3 (作 Proverbs or Book of Proverbs)  a didactic poetic Old Testament book of maxims attributed to Solomon and others 《箴言》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷书) [Middle English from Old French proverbe or Latin proverbium (as PRO-1, verbum ‘word’)]

proverbial /prəˈvɜ:biəl/ adj.  1 (esp. of a specific characteristic etc.) as well known as a proverb; famous, notorious (尤指特性等)有名的；众所周知的  his proverbial honesty  他的诚实有口皆碑 2  of or referred to in a proverb; familiar as a proverb or catchphrase or as a stock character 谚语的；谚语式的；口头禅式的  the proverbial ill wind  俗语说的倒霉事 □ proverbiality  /-biˈæliti/ n.  □ proverbially  adv.   [Middle English from Latin proverbialis (as PROVERB)]

provide /prəˈvaid/ v.  1 tr.  supply; furnish 供应；提供  provided them with food  提供他们食品 provided food for them  给他们提供食品 provided a chance for escape  提供逃跑机会 2 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, against)  make due preparation 做准备  provided for any eventuality  准备应付任何意外 provided against invasion  准备抵抗侵略b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  prepare for the maintenance of a person etc. 赡养(人等) 3 tr. (also 亦作 refl.)  equip with necessities 准备必需品  they had to provide themselves  他们必须自己准备必需品 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that)  stipulate in a will, statute, etc. (在遗嘱、法规等中)规定 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) Eccl. hist. 【教会】[史义]  a  appoint (an incumbent) to a benefice 任命(领圣俸人员)b (of the Pope) appoint (a successor) to a benefice not yet vacant (教皇)指定(现任薪俸神职的继承人) [Middle English from Latin providēre (as PRO-1, vidēre vis- ‘see’)]

provided /prəˈvaidid/ adj. & conj. ●adj.  supplied, furnished 供应的；提供的 ●conj. (often foll. by 常后跟 that)  on the condition or understanding (that) 如果；在…条件下

providence /ˈprɒvid(ə)ns/ n.  1  the protective care of God or nature 天道；天意；天佑 2 (作 Providence)  God in this aspect 上帝 3  timely care or preparation; foresight; thrift 远见；卓识；节俭 [Middle English from Old French providence or Latin providentia (as PROVIDE)]

provident /ˈprɒvid(ə)nt/ adj.  having or showing foresight; thrifty 有远见的；节俭的 □ providently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin (as PROVIDE)]

providential /prɒviˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or by divine foresight or interposition 天意的；神助的 2  opportune, lucky 凑巧的；幸运的 □ providentially  adv.   [PROVIDENCE + -IAL, on the pattern of evidential etc.]

Provident Society n. Brit. [英]  = FRIENDLY SOCIETY 

provider /prəˈvaidə/ n.  1  a person or thing that provides 供应者；供应物 2  the breadwinner of a family etc. (家庭等的)养家糊口的人

providing /prəˈvaidiŋ/ conj.  = PROVIDEDconj. 

Provie /ˈprəʊvi, ˈprɒvi/ n. colloq. [口]  = PROVO  [abbreviation of Provisional]

province /ˈprɒvins/ n.  1  a principal administrative division of a country etc. (国家等的)省；行政区 2 (作 the Province) Brit.  Northern Ireland [英]北爱尔兰 3 (作 the provinces)  the whole of a country outside the capital or US other major cities, esp. regarded as uncultured, unsophisticated, etc. [美] (尤指落后、不发达等的)首都以外的地方，外省 4  a sphere of action; business 活动范围；职责  outside my province as a teacher  超出我作为教师的职责范围 5  a branch of learning etc. (学科等的)分支  in the province of aesthetics  在美学领域 6 Eccl.  a district under an archbishop or a metropolitan 【教会】(由大主教或都主教管辖的)教省 7 Rom. Hist.  a territory outside Italy under a Roman governor [罗马]【史】(由古罗马帝国统治的意大利境外的)行省 [Middle English via Old French from Latin provincia ‘charge, province’]

provincial /prəˈvinʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of or concerning a province 省的；与省相关的b  of or concerning the provinces 首都以外的；与首都以外相关的 2  unsophisticated or uncultured in manner, speech, opinion, etc. (举止、言谈、观点等)粗野的；土气的 ●n.  1  an inhabitant of a province or the provinces 首都以外的居民；外省人 2  an unsophisticated or uncultured person 未开化的人；粗野的人 3 Eccl.  the head or chief of a province or of a religious order in a province 【教会】大主教；都主教 □ provinciality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ provincialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ provincially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin provincialis (as PROVINCE)]

provincialism /prəˈvinʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  provincial manners, fashion, mode of thought, etc., esp. regarded as restricting or narrow (举止、风尚、思维方式等)土气(尤指偏狭守旧) 2  a word or phrase peculiar to a provincial region 地方话；方言 3  concern for one's local area rather than one's country 地方主义 □ provincialist  n.  

provision /prəˈviʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of providing 供应；提供  made no provision for his future  没有为他的未来作好准备b  something provided 供应品  a provision of bread  面包供应 2 (in pl. 用复数)  food, drink, etc., esp. for an expedition (尤指旅行等用的)食品(或饮料等) 3  a  a legal or formal statement providing for something 规定b  a clause of this (规定的)条文 4 Eccl. hist.  an appointment to a benefice not yet vacant (cf. 参见 PROVIDE 5) 【教会】[史义] (有俸神职的)预先委任 ●v. tr.  supply (an expedition etc.) with provisions 为(旅行等)供应必需品 □ provisioner  n.  □ provisionless  adj.  □ provisionment  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin provisio -onis (as PROVIDE)]

provisional /prəˈviʒ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  providing for immediate needs only; temporary 暂时的；临时性的 2 (作 Provisional)  designating the unofficial wing of the IRA established in 1969, advocating terrorism 爱尔兰共和军临时派别的(指 1969 年建立的爱尔兰共和军的临时派别，主张恐怖行动) ●n. (作 Provisional)  a member of the Provisional wing of the IRA 爱尔兰共和军临时派成员 □ provisionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ provisionally  adv.  □ provisionalness  n.  

proviso /prəˈvaizəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a stipulation 规定 2  a clause of stipulation or limitation in a document (文件中的)限制性条款 [Latin, neut. ablative past part. of providēre PROVIDE, in the medieval Latin phrase proviso quod ‘it being provided that’]

provisor /prəˈvaizə/ n. Eccl. 【教会】  1  a deputy of a bishop or archbishop 副主教；代理大主教 2 hist.  the holder of a provision (see 参见 PROVISION n. 4) [史义]担任圣职者 [Middle English via Anglo-French provisour from Latin provisor -oris (as PROVIDE)]

provisory /prəˈvaiz(ə)ri/ adj.  1  conditional; having a proviso 有条件的；有附带条款的 2  making provision 临时的  provisory care  临时照管 □ provisorily  adv.   [French provisoire or medieval Latin provisorius (as PROVISOR)]

Provo /ˈprəʊvəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  a member of the Provisional IRA [口]爱尔兰共和军临时派成员 [abbreviation]

provocation /prɒvəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of provoking; a state of being provoked 挑衅；挑拨；激怒  did it under severe provocation  在被激怒之下做了这件事 2  a cause of annoyance 惹人恼火的原因 3 Law  an action, insult, etc. held to be likely to provoke physical retaliation 【法律】(可能引起人身报复的)行为(或侮辱等) [Middle English from Old French provocation or Latin provocatio (as PROVOKE)]

provocative /prəˈvɒkətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  tending to provoke, esp. anger or sexual desire 挑衅的；(尤指)激怒的；激发性欲的 2  intentionally annoying 使人生气的 ●n.  a provocative thing 刺激物 □ provocatively  adv.  □ provocativeness  n.   [Middle English via obsolete French provocatif -ive from Late Latin provocativus (as PROVOKE)]

provoke /prəˈvəʊk/ v. tr.  1  a  incite to anger 激怒  insolence will only provoke him  傲慢只能惹怒他b (often foll. 常后跟 to, to + infin., or into)  rouse or incite 惹起；激起  provoked him to fury  激怒他 provoked her into retaliating  激起她进行报复c (as 作 provoking adj.)  exasperating; irritating 激怒人的；刺激的 2  call forth; instigate (indignation, an inquiry, a storm, etc.) 引起；激起(愤慨、质询、风暴等) 3  tempt; allure 引诱；诱惑 4  cause, give rise to 导致；产生  will provoke fermentation  将导致发酵 □ provokable  adj.  □ provoker  n.  □ provokingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French provoquer from Latin provocare (as PRO-1, vocare ‘call’)]

provost /ˈprɒvəst/ n.  1 Brit.  the head of some colleges esp. at Oxford or Cambridge [英] (尤指牛津或剑桥大学的)学院院长 2 Eccl. 【教会】  a  the head of a chapter in a cathedral (大教堂的)教士长b hist.  the head of a religious community [史义]宗教团体的首领 3 Sc.  the head of a municipal corporation or burgh [苏格兰]市长 4  the Protestant minister of the principal church of a town etc. in Germany etc. (德国等城市新教教会的)牧师 5 US  a high administrative officer in a university [美] (大学的)教务长 6  = PROVOST MARSHAL  □ provostship  n.   [Old English profost, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French provost, prevost from medieval Latin propositus, for praepositus: see PRAEPOSTOR]

provost guard n. US  a body of soldiers under a provost marshal [美]宪兵纠察队

provost marshal n.  1  the head of military police in camp or on active service 宪兵司令 2  the master-at-arms of a ship in which a court-martial is held (船上军事法庭的)舰艇纠察长

prow /praʊ/ n.  1  the forepart or bow of a ship adjoining the stern 船首；船头 2  a pointed or projecting front part 伸出的前部；突出的前端 [French proue from Provençal proa or Italian dialect prua via Latin prora from Greek prōira]

prowess /ˈpraʊis/ n.  1  skill; expertise 技巧；才能 2  valour; gallantry 勇猛；英勇 [Middle English from Old French proesce, from prou ‘valiant’]

prowl /praʊl/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  roam (a place) in search or as if in search of prey, plunder, etc. (为觅取猎食、抢掠等)潜行于(某地) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  move about like a hunter 徘徊 ●n.  the act or an instance of prowling 潜行 □ on the prowl   moving about secretively or rapaciously 在潜行；在寻觅□ prowler  n.   [Middle English prolle, of unknown origin]

prowl car n. US  a police squad car [美]警车

prox. abbr. [缩略]  proximo 

prox. acc. abbr. [缩略]  proxime accessit 

proxemics /prɒkˈsi:miks/ n.  the study of socially conditioned spatial factors in ordinary human relations 空间关系学(对普通人际关系中的社会有限空间因素的研究) [PROXIMITY + -emics: cf. phonemics]

proximal /ˈprɒksim(ə)l/ adj.  situated nearer to the centre of the body or towards the point of attachment (opp. 反义 DISTAL) 靠近中心的；靠近附着点的 □ proximally  adv.   [Latin proximus ‘nearest’]

proximate /ˈprɒksimət/ adj.  1  nearest or next before or after (in place, order, time, causation, thought process, etc.) (空间、次序、时间、原因、思维过程等)最近的；最贴近的 2  approximate 近似的 □ proximately  adv.   [Latin proximatus, past part. of proximare ‘draw near’ (as PROXIMAL)]

proxime accessit /ˌprɒksimi ækˈsesit/ n.  1  second place in an examination etc. (考试等中的)第二名 2  a person gaining this 得第二名的人 [Latin, = came very near]

proximity /prɒkˈsimiti/ n.  nearness in space, time, etc. (空间、时间等的)接近  sat in close proximity to them  贴近他们坐下 [Middle English from French proximité or Latin proximitas (as PROXIMAL)]

proximity fuse n.  an electronic detonator causing a projectile to explode within a predetermined distance of its target 近爆引管

proximity of blood n.  kinship 亲属关系

proximo /ˈprɒksiməʊ/ adj. Commerce  of next month 【商业】下个月的  the third proximo  下个月 3 号 [Latin proximo mense ‘in the next month’]

proxy /ˈprɒksi/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 attrib.)  1  the authorization given to a substitute or deputy 代理权  a proxy vote  委托他人代理的投票 was married by proxy  代理结婚 2  a person authorized to act as a substitute etc. 代理人 3  a  a document giving the power to act as a proxy, esp. in voting (尤指投票的)代理委托书b  a vote given by this 代理投票 [Middle English from obsolete procuracy, from medieval Latin procuratia (as PROCURATION)]

PRS abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) President of the Royal Society (英国)皇家学会会长 2  Performing Rights Society 行使权利协会

Pru /pru:/   普鲁 [人名]

prude /pru:d/ n.  a person having or affecting an attitude of extreme propriety or modesty esp. in sexual matters (尤指在性方面)过分拘谨的人；故作正经的人 □ prudery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ prudish  adj.  □ prudishly  adv.  □ prudishness  n.   [French, back-formation from prudefemme, fem. of prud'homme ‘good man and true’, from prou ‘worthy’]

Prudence /ˈpru:dəns/   普鲁登斯 [人名]

prudent /ˈpru:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a person or conduct) careful to avoid undesired consequences; circumspect (人或行为)小心的；谨慎的 2  discreet 慎重的 □ prudence  n.  □ prudently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French prudent or Latin prudens = providens PROVIDENT]

prudential /prʊˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, involving, or marked by prudence 审慎的；小心的  prudential motives  审慎的动机 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  prudential considerations or matters 慎重的考虑；慎重的事 2 US  minor administrative or financial matters [美] (行政或财务上的)琐事 □ prudentialism  n.  □ prudentialist  n.  □ prudentially  adv.   [PRUDENT + -IAL, on the pattern of evidential etc.]

Prue /pru:/   普鲁 [人名]

pruinose /ˈpru:inəʊs/ adj. esp. Bot.  covered with white powdery granules; frosted in appearance 【植】覆盖白粉的；具粉霜的 [Latin pruinosus from pruina ‘hoar frost’]

prune1 /pru:n/ n.  1  a plum preserved by drying and having a black, wrinkled appearance 西梅干；洋李脯 2 colloq.  a silly or disliked person [口]愚蠢的人；讨厌的人 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately via Latin prunum from Greek prou(m)non ‘plum’]

prune2 /pru:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  trim (a tree etc.) by cutting away dead or overgrown branches etc. 修剪(树等)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, away)  lop (branches etc.) from a tree 剪掉(树枝等) 2  reduce (costs etc.) 削减(费用等)  must try to prune expenses  必须设法减少开支 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  clear (a book etc.) of superfluities 删除(书等的)多余内容b  remove (superfluities) 除去(多余部分) ●n.  an instance of pruning 修剪 □ pruner  n.   [Middle English prouyne from Old French pro(o)ignier, ultimately from Latin rotundus ROUND]

prunella1 /prʊˈnelə/ n.  any plant of the genus Prunella, esp. P. vulgaris, bearing pink, purple, or white flower spikes, and formerly thought to cure quinsy. Also called SELF-HEAL 夏枯草属植物(尤指夏枯草，可治扁桃体周脓肿) [modern Latin, = quinsy: earlier brunella, a disease causing a brown coating on the tongue (diminutive of medieval Latin brunus ‘brown’)]

prunella2 /prʊˈnelə/ n.  a strong silk or worsted fabric used formerly for barristers' gowns, the uppers of women's shoes, etc. 普鲁涅拉呢(可作律师袍料及女鞋面料等) [perhaps from French prunelle, of uncertain origin]

pruning hook n.  a long-handled hooked cutting tool used for pruning 修枝钩刀

prurient /ˈprʊəriənt/ adj.  1  having an unhealthy obsession with sexual matters 好色的 2  encouraging such an obsession 引起淫欲的 □ prurience  n.  □ pruriency  n.  □ pruriently  adv.   [Latin prurire ‘itch, be wanton’]

prurigo /prʊəˈraiɡəʊ/ n.  a skin disease marked by severe itching 痒疹 □ pruriginous  /prʊəˈridʒinəs/ adj.   [Latin prurigo -ginis from prurire ‘to itch’]

pruritus /prʊəˈraitəs/ n.  severe itching of the skin 瘙痒 □ pruritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.   [Latin, = itching (as PRURIGO)]

Prussian /ˈprʌʃ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Prussia, a former German state, or the militaristic tradition associated with it 普鲁士的；与普鲁士有关的；普鲁士式的，军国主义式的 ●n.  a native of Prussia 普鲁士人

Prussian blue n. & adj. ●n.  a deep blue pigment, ferric ferrocyanide, used in painting and dyeing 普鲁士蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 普鲁士蓝的

prussic acid n.  hydrocyanic acid 氢氰酸 [French prussique from Prusse ‘Prussia’]

pry1 /prai/ v. intr. (pries, pried)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  enquire impertinently (into a person's private affairs etc.) 刺探，打听(某人的私事等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, about, etc.)  look or peer inquisitively 偷看；窥视 □ prying  adj.  □ pryingly  adv.   [Middle English prie, of unknown origin]

pry2 /prai/ v. tr. (pries, pried) (often foll. by 常后跟 out of, open, etc.) N. Amer. [北美]  = PRISE  [PRISE, taken as pries, 3rd sing. present]

précis /ˈpreisi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 /-si:z/)  a summary or abstract, esp. of a text or speech (尤指文章、讲话的)大意，摘要 ●v. tr. (précises /-si:z/; précised /-si:d/; précising /-si:iŋ/)  make a précis of 摘取…的大意 [French, = PRECISE (used as a noun)]

PS abbr. [缩略]  1  Police Sergeant 警佐，巡官 2  postscript 附笔，又及 3  private secretary 私人秘书 4  prompt side 提词员所在的一侧

Ps. abbr. (pl. Pss.)  Psalm, Psalms (Old Testament) [缩略]诗篇；《诗篇》(基督教《圣经·旧约》中的一卷)

psalm /sɑ:m/ n.  1 Bibl. 【圣经】  a (also 亦作 Psalm)  any of the sacred songs contained in the Book of Psalms, esp. when set for metrical chanting in a service (基督教《圣经·旧约》的《诗篇》中的)诗篇b (作 the Psalms or the Book of Psalms)  the book of the Old Testament containing the Psalms. 《诗篇》(基督教《圣经·旧约》中的一卷) 2  a sacred song or hymn 圣歌；赞美诗 □ psalmic  adj.   [Old English (p)sealm via Late Latin psalmus from Greek psalmos ‘song sung to a harp’, from psallō ‘pluck’]

psalm-book n.  a book containing psalms, esp. with metrical settings for worship (尤指祷告用的)圣歌集

psalmist /ˈsɑ:mist/ n.  1  the author or composer of a psalm 圣诗作者；圣歌作曲者 2 (作 the Psalmist)  David or the author of any of the Psalms 大卫王(《诗篇》的主要作者)；(除大卫王外的)《诗篇》作者 [Late Latin psalmista (as PSALM)]

psalmody /ˈsɑ:mədi, ˈsælm-/ n.  1  the practice or art of singing psalms, hymns, etc., esp. in public worship (尤指在公共场合祷告时)唱圣歌；吟圣诗；圣诗咏唱艺术 2  a  the arrangement of psalms for singing 圣歌音乐编写b  the psalms so arranged 圣歌编写集 □ psalmodic  /sælˈmɒdik/ adj.  □ psalmodist  n.  □ psalmodize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Late Latin psalmodia from Greek psalmōidia ‘singing to a harp’ (as PSALM, ōidē ‘song’)]

psalter /ˈsɔ:ltə, ˈsɒl-/ n. (also 亦作 Psalter)  1  a  the Book of Psalms 《诗篇》b  a version of this 《诗篇》译本  the English Psalter  英文版《诗篇》 Prayer-Book Psalter  《诗篇·祈祷书》 2  a copy of the Psalms, esp. for liturgical use (尤指礼拜仪式用的)《诗篇》本 [Old English (p)saltere, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French sauter, Old French sautier, via Late Latin psalterium from Greek psaltērion, a stringed instrument (in ecclesiastical Latin and Greek = Book of Psalms), from psallō ‘pluck’]

psalterium /sɔ:lˈtiəriəm, sɒl-/ n.  = OMASUM  [Latin (see PSALTER): named from the many folds of tissue inside it]

psaltery /ˈsɔ:lt(ə)ri, ˈsɒl-/ n. (pl. -ies)  an ancient and medieval instrument like a dulcimer but played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a plectrum 索尔特里琴(古代中世纪的一种拨弦乐器) [Middle English via Old French sauterie etc. from Latin (as PSALTER)]

PSBR abbr. Brit.  public sector borrowing requirement [缩略] [英]公共借调部门

psephology /seˈfɒlədʒi, si-/ n.  the statistical study of elections, voting, etc. 选举学 □ psephological  /-fəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ psephologically  /-fəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ psephologist  n.   [Greek psēphos ‘pebble, vote’ + -LOGY]

pseud /sju:d/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  intellectually or socially pretentious; not genuine 伪的；假的；不真的 ●n.  such a person; a poseur 假装有学问的人；装腔作势的人 [abbreviation of PSEUDO]

pseud- var.  of PSEUDO-  PSEUDO- 的变体

pseudepigrapha /sju:diˈpiɡrəfə/ n. pl.  1  Jewish writings ascribed to various biblical patriarchs and prophets etc. but written c. 200 BC-AD 200 伪经(公元前 200 年至公元 200 年间书写的《圣经》的伪仿作品) 2  spurious writings 伪作 □ pseudepigraphal  adj.  □ pseudepigraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ pseudepigraphical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [neut. pl. of Greek pseudepigraphos ‘with false title’ (as PSEUDO-, EPIGRAPH)]

pseudo /ˈsju:dəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sham; spurious 假的；伪的 2  insincere 不真诚的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a pretentious or insincere person 假冒者；不真诚的人 [see PSEUDO-]

pseudo- /ˈsju:dəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分] (also pseud- before a vowel 元音前亦作 pseud-)  1  supposed or purporting to be but not really so; false; not genuine (pseudo-intellectual 假知识分子 ; pseudepigrapha 伪经) 虚；假；不真实 2  resembling or imitating (often in technical applications) (pseudo-language 拟语言 ; pseudo-acid 假酸) (通常在技术运用上的)模拟；仿造 [Greek, from pseudēs ‘false’, pseudos ‘falsehood’]

pseudocarp /ˈsju:də(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n.  a fruit formed from parts other than the ovary, e.g. the strawberry or fig 假果(如草莓或无花果) [PSEUDO- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

pseudomorph /ˈsju:də(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  1  a crystal etc. consisting of one mineral with the form proper to another 假晶，假同晶 2  a false form 假形 □ pseudomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  □ pseudomorphism  /-ˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n.  □ pseudomorphous  /-ˈmɔ:fəs/ adj.   [PSEUDO- + Greek morphē ‘form’]

pseudonym /ˈsju:dənim/ n.  a fictitious name, esp. one assumed by an author 假名；(尤指)笔名 [French pseudonyme from Greek pseudōnymos (as PSEUDO-, -ōnumos from onoma ‘name’)]

pseudonymous /sju:ˈdɒniməs/ adj.  writing or written under a false name 用假(或笔)名写作的 □ pseudonymity  /-ˈnimiti/ n.  □ pseudonymously  adv.  

pseudopod /ˈsju:də(ʊ)pɒd/ n.  = PSEUDOPODIUM  [modern Latin (as PSEUDOPODIUM)]

pseudopodium /sju:də(ʊ)ˈpəʊdiəm/ n. (pl. pseudopodia /-diə/) (in amoeboid cells) a temporary protrusion of the cell surface for movement, feeding, etc. (变形虫细胞中的)假足，伪足 [modern Latin (as PSEUDO-, PODIUM)]

pseudo-science /ˈsju:dəʊˌsaiəns/ n.  a pretended or spurious science; a collection of beliefs mistakenly regarded as based on scientific method 伪科学 □ pseudo-scientific  /-ˈtifik/ adj.  

pshaw /pʃɔ:, ʃɔ:/ int. archaic  an expression of contempt or impatience [古义]啐；哼(表示轻蔑或不耐烦) [imitative]

p.s.i. abbr.  pounds per square inch [缩略]磅 / 平方英寸

psi /psai, sai/ n.  1  the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet (Ψ，ψ) 希腊字母表中的第 23 个字母(Ψ，ψ) 2  supposed parapsychological faculties, phenomena, etc. regarded collectively 超心理(总称) [Greek]

psilocybin /sailəˈsaibin/ n.  a hallucinogenic alkaloid found in toadstools of the genus Psilocybe 裸头草碱；二甲 -4- 羟色胺磷酸 [modern Latin genus name Psilocybe, from Greek psilos ‘bald’ + kubē ‘head’]

psilosis /saiˈləʊsis/ n.  = SPRUE2  [Greek psilōsis from psilos ‘bare’]

psittacine /ˈsitəkain, ˈsitəsain/ adj.  of or relating to parrots; parrot-like 鹦鹉的；与鹦鹉有关的；鹦鹉似的 [Latin psittacinus from psittacus, from Greek psittakos ‘parrot’]

psittacism /ˈsitəsiz(ə)m/ n. formal  the mechanical repetition of received ideas or images; the repetition of words or phrases parrot-fashion [正式]机械似的重复；鹦鹉学舌似的重复

psittacosis /sitəˈkəʊsis/ n.  a contagious disease of birds, caused by chlamydiae and transmissible (esp. from parrots) to human beings as a form of pneumonia (尤指由鹦鹉传染的)鹦鹉热 [from Latin psittacus ‘parrot’ + -OSIS]

psoas /ˈsəʊæs/ n.  either of two muscles used in flexing the hip joint 腰肌 [Greek, accusative pl. of psoa, taken as sing.]

psoriasis /sɒˈraiəsis/ n.  a skin disease marked by red scaly patches 牛皮癣，银屑病 □ psoriatic  /sɔ:riˈætik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek psōriasis, via psōriaō ‘have an itch’ from psōra ‘itch’]

psst /p(ə)st/ int. (also 亦作 pst)  a whispered exclamation seeking to attract a person's attention surreptitiously 嘘；嗨(小声引起他人注意) [imitative]

PST abbr. [缩略]  Pacific Standard Time 

PSV abbr. Brit.  public service vehicle [缩略] [英]公交车

psych /saik/ v. (also 亦作 psyche) colloq. [口]  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up; often 常作 refl.)  prepare (oneself or another person) mentally for an ordeal etc. 使(自己或他人对严酷考验等)做好思想准备 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  analyse (a person's motivation etc.) for one's own advantage (为自己的利益而)分析(某人的动机等)  can't psych him out  看不透他b  subject to psychoanalysis 进行心理分析治疗 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  influence a person psychologically, esp. negatively; intimidate, frighten (尤指消极地)使心理受影响；恐吓，吓唬 4 intr. Bridge  make a psychic bid 【桥牌】心理叫牌 □ psych out   break down mentally; become confused or deranged 精神崩溃；变得糊涂；精神错乱 [abbreviation]

psyche1 /ˈsaiki/ n.  1  the soul; the spirit 灵魂；精神 2  the mind 心灵 [Latin from Greek psukhē ‘breath, life, soul’]

psyche2 var.  of PSYCH  PSYCH 的变体

psychedelia /saikiˈdi:liə/ n. pl.  1  psychedelic articles, esp. posters, paintings, etc. 迷幻品(尤指海报、绘画等) 2  psychedelic drugs 迷幻药

psychedelic /saikiˈdelik, -ˈdi:lik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  expanding the mind's awareness etc., esp. through the use of hallucinogenic drugs (尤指通过使用迷幻药)引起幻觉的b (of an experience) hallucinatory; bizarre (经历)幻觉中出现的；怪诞的c (of a drug) producing hallucinations (药物)产生幻觉的 2 colloq. [口]  a  producing an effect resembling that of a psychedelic drug; having vivid colours or designs etc. 产生幻觉效果的；五光十色的；图案斑斓的b (of colours, patterns, etc.) bright, bold, and often abstract (色彩、图案等)光怪陆离的 ●n.  a hallucinogenic drug 迷幻药 □ psychedelically  adv.   [formed irregularly from Greek (as PSYCHE1, dēlos ‘clear, manifest’)]

psychiatric nurse n.  a nurse dealing with mentally ill patients 精神病护士

psychiatric patient n.  a patient suffering from mental illness 精神病患者

psychiatry /saiˈkaiətri/ n.  the study and treatment of mental disease 精神病学 □ psychiatric  /-kiˈætrik/ adj.  □ psychiatrical  /-kiˈætrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ psychiatrically  /-kiˈætrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ psychiatrist  n.   [as PSYCHE1 + iatreia ‘healing’ from iatros ‘healer’]

psychic /ˈsaikik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of a person) considered to have occult powers, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. (人)有特异功能的(如心灵感应等超常能力)b (of a faculty, phenomenon, etc.) inexplicable by natural laws (官能、现象等)超常的；超自然的 2  of the soul or mind 灵魂的；心灵的 3 Bridge (of a bid) that deliberately misrepresents the bidder's hand 【桥牌】(叫牌)虚报牌力迷惑对方的 ●n.  1  a person considered to have psychic powers; a medium 有特异功能的人；灵媒 2 Bridge  a psychic bid 【桥牌】心理叫牌 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the study of psychic phenomena 心灵学(心灵现象研究) □ psychism  /-iz(ə)m/ n.  □ psychicist  /-isist/ n.   [Greek psukhikos (as PSYCHE1)]

psychical /ˈsaikik(ə)l/ adj.  1  concerning psychic phenomena or faculties 有关特异功能现象的；有关特异功能官能的  psychical research  特异功能研究 2  of the soul or mind 灵魂的；心灵的 □ psychically  adv.  

psycho /ˈsaikəʊ/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -os)  a psychopath 精神变态者 ●adj.  psychopathic 精神变态的 [abbreviation]

psycho- /ˈsaikəʊ/ comb. form  relating to the mind or psychology [构词成分]与心灵有关的；与心理有关的 [Greek psukho- (as PSYCHE1)]

psychoactive /saikəʊˈæktiv/ adj.  affecting the mind 影响心灵的

psychoanalysis /ˌsaikəʊəˈnælisis/ n.  a therapeutic method of treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind 精神分析治疗法，心理分析治疗法 □ psychoanalyse  /-ˈæn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (US [美] -analyze)  □ psychoanalyst  /-ˈæn(ə)list/ n.  □ psychoanalytic  /-ænəˈlitik/ adj.  □ psychoanalytical  /-ænəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  □ psychoanalytically  /-ænəˈlitik(ə)li/ adv.  

psychobabble /ˈsaikəʊbæb(ə)l/ n. US colloq. derog.  jargon used in popular psychology [美口] [贬]心理呓语，心理行话

psychobiology /ˌsaikəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of science that deals with the biological basis of behaviour and mental phenomena 生物心理学；精神生物学 □ psychobiological  /-ˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ psychobiologist  n.  

psychodrama /ˈsaikəʊdrɑ:mə/ n.  1  a form of psychotherapy in which patients act out events from their past 心理表演疗法(由患者表演过去经历的治疗方法) 2  a play or film etc. in which psychological elements are the main interest 心理剧(或电影等)

psychodynamics /ˌsaikəʊdaiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the study of the activity of and the interrelation between the various parts of an individual's personality or psyche 心理动力学 □ psychodynamic  adj.  □ psychodynamically  adv.  

psychogenesis /saikə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis/ n.  the study of the origin and development of the mind 心理起因与发展研究

psychographics /saikə(ʊ)ˈɡræfiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, etc., esp. in market research (尤指市场研究中的)消费心态(学) □ psychographic  adj.  

psychokinesis /ˌsaikəʊkiˈni:sis, -kai-/ n.  the movement of objects supposedly by mental effort without the action of physical forces (所谓非物质力量致动的)心灵致动

psycholinguistics /ˌsaikəʊliŋˈɡwistiks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the study of the psychological aspects of language and language-learning 心理语言学 □ psycholinguist  /-ˈliŋɡwist/ n.  □ psycholinguistic  adj.  

psychological /saikəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or arising in the mind 心理的；有关心理的；由心理引起的 2  of or relating to psychology 心理学的；有关心理学的 3 colloq. (of an ailment etc.) having a basis in the mind; imaginary [口] (疾病等)基于心理因素的；想像的  her cold is psychological  她的冷淡是心理上的 □ psychologically  adv.  

psychological block n.  = MENTAL BLOCK 

psychological moment n.  the most appropriate time for achieving a particular effect or purpose (能赢得某种效果或目的的)最合适的时机

psychological warfare n.  a campaign directed at reducing an opponent's morale 心理战

psychology /saiˈkɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, esp. those affecting behaviour in a given context 心理学 2  a treatise on or theory of this 心理学论文；心理学理论 3  a  the mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group (人或群体的)心理特点；心理态度b  the mental factors governing a situation or activity 心理因素  the psychology of crime  犯罪心理 □ psychologist  n.  □ psychologize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin psychologia (as PSYCHO-, -LOGY)]

psychometrics /saikə(ʊ)ˈmetriks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the science of measuring mental capacities and processes 心理测量学

psychometry /saiˈkɒmitri/ n.  1  the supposed divination of facts about events, people, etc., from inanimate objects associated with them 触物占卜术 2  the measurement of mental abilities 心理能力测量 □ psychometric  /-kəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ psychometrically  /-kəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ psychometrist  n.  

psychomotor /saikəʊˈməʊtə/ adj.  of or relating to the origination of movement in conscious mental activity 精神性运动的；与精神性运动有关的

psychoneurosis /ˌsaikəʊnjʊəˈrəʊsis/ n.  neurosis, esp. with the indirect expression of emotions 神经官能症

psychopath /ˈsaikəpæθ/ n.  1  a person suffering from chronic mental disorder esp. with abnormal or violent social behaviour (尤指社会行为不正常或暴力的)精神变态者 2  a mentally or emotionally unstable person 精神病患者 □ psychopathic  /-ˈpæθik/ adj.  □ psychopathically  /-ˈpæθik(ə)li/ adv.  

psychopathology /ˌsaikəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the scientific study of mental disorders 精神病理学 2  a mentally or behaviourally disordered state 精神机能障碍；行为机能障碍 □ psychopathological  /-pæθəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

psychopathy /saiˈkɒpəθi/ n.  psychopathic or psychologically abnormal behaviour 精神变态；精神障碍

psychophysics /saikə(ʊ)ˈfiziks/ n.  the science of the relation between the mind and the body 心理物理学 □ psychophysical  adj.  

psychophysiology /ˌsaikəʊfiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of physiology dealing with mental phenomena 心理生理学 □ psychophysiological  /-ziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

psychosexual /saikə(ʊ)ˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  of or involving the psychological aspects of the sexual impulse 精神性欲的，性心理的 □ psychosexually  adv.  

psychosis /saiˈkəʊsis/ n. (pl. psychoses /-si:z/)  a severe mental derangement, esp. when resulting in delusions and loss of contact with external reality 精神错乱；精神失常 [Greek psukhōsis from psukhoō ‘give life to’ (as PSYCHE1)]

psychosocial /saikəʊˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  of or involving the influence of social factors or human interactive behaviour 心理社会的(受社会因素或人际行为影响的) □ psychosocially  adv.  

psychosomatic /ˌsaikə(ʊ)səˈmætik/ adj.  1 (of an illness etc.) caused or aggravated by mental conflict, stress, etc. (疾病等)精神紧张导致的 2  of the mind and body together 身心的 □ psychosomatically  adv.  

psychosurgery /saikə(ʊ)ˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n.  brain surgery as a means of treating mental disorder 精神外科(学) □ psychosurgical  adj.  

psychotherapy /saikə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of mental disorder by psychological means 心理疗法，精神疗法 □ psychotherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ psychotherapist  n.  

psychotic /saiˈkɒtik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or characterized by a psychosis 精神病的；有精神病的 ●n.  a person suffering from a psychosis 精神病患者 □ psychotically  adv.  

psychotropic /saikə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒp-/ adj. (of a drug) acting on the mind (药物)治疗精神病的

psychrometer /saiˈkrɒmitə/ n.  a thermometer consisting of a dry bulb and a wet bulb for measuring atmospheric humidity 干湿表 [Greek psukhros ‘cold’ + -METER]

PT abbr.  physical training [缩略]体育训练

Pt symb. Chem.  the element platinum [符]【化】(化学元素)铂

pt. abbr. [缩略]  1  part  2  pint  3  point  4  port 

PTA abbr. [缩略]  1  parent-teacher association 家长教师联谊会 2  Passenger Transport Authority 客运管理局

ptarmigan /ˈtɑ:miɡ(ə)n/ n.  any of various grouselike northern game birds of the genus Lagopus, with feathered legs and feet, and plumage that usually changes to white in winter, esp. L. mutus of mountainous and Arctic regions 雷鸟(似松鸡，尤指山区及北极地区的岩雷鸟) [Gaelic tɑˋrmachan: p- suggested by Greek words in pt-]

PT boat n. US  a motor torpedo boat [美]鱼雷快艇 [Patrol Torpedo]

Pte. abbr.  Private (soldier) [缩略]列兵(士兵)

pteridology /teriˈdɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of ferns 蕨类植物学 □ pteridological  /-dəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ pteridologist  n.   [Greek pteris -idos ‘fern’ + -LOGY]

pteridophyte /ˈteridəfait/ n.  any flowerless plant of the division Pteridophyta, including ferns, clubmosses, and horsetails 蕨类植物(包括蕨、石松、木贼) [Greek pteris -idos ‘fern’ + phuton ‘plant’]

ptero- /ˈterəʊ/ comb. form  wing [构词成分]翼 [Greek pteron ‘wing’]

pterodactyl /terəˈdæktil/ n.  a pterosaur, esp. one of the genus Pterodactylus, with teeth and a long slender head, neck, and tail 翼手龙

pteropod /ˈterəpɒd/ n.  a marine gastropod with the middle part of its foot expanded into a pair of winglike lobes 翼足目动物 [PTERO- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

pterosaur /ˈterəsɔ:/ n.  any of a group of extinct flying reptiles with large bat-like wings, including pterodactyls 翼龙目动物(一种已灭绝的长有蝙蝠似的大翅膀的会飞的爬行动物，包括翼手龙) [PTERO- + Greek saura ‘lizard’]

pteroylglutamic acid /ˌterəʊailɡlʊˈtæmik, -rəʊil-/ n.  = FOLIC ACID  [ptero ic acid (a precursor: ultimately from Greek pteron ‘wing’, with reference to insect pigments) + -YL + GLUTAMIC ACID]

pterygoid process /ˈteriɡɔid/ n.  each of a pair of processes from the sphenoid bone in the skull (蝶骨的)翼状突 [Greek pterux -ugos ‘wing’]

PTFE abbr. [缩略]  polytetrafluoroethylene 

PTO abbr.  please turn over [缩略]请看背面

Ptolemaic /tɒləˈmeiik/ adj. hist. [史义]  1  of or relating to Ptolemy, a 2nd-c. Alexandrian astronomer, or his theories (希腊 2 世纪亚历山大天文学派)托勒密的；有关托勒密的；托勒密天动说的 2  of or relating to the Ptolemies, Macedonian rulers of Egypt from the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) to the death of Cleopatra (30 BC) (公元前 323 年在至公元前 30 年在埃及的马其顿统治者)托勒密王朝的；与托勒密王朝有关的 [Latin Ptolemaeus from Greek Ptolemaios]

Ptolemaic system n. hist.  the theory that the earth is the stationary centre of the Universe (cf. 参见 COPERNICAN SYSTEM) [史义]托勒密体系，天动说

ptomaine /ˈtəʊmein/ n.  any of various amine compounds of unpleasant taste and odour found in putrefying animal and vegetable matter, associated with and formerly thought to cause food poisoning 尸碱，尸毒 [French ptomaïne from Italian ptomaina, formed irregularly from Greek ptōma ‘corpse’]

ptosis /ˈtəʊsis/ n.  a drooping of the upper eyelid due to paralysis etc. (因瘫痪等引起)上睑下垂 □ ptotic  /ˈtəʊtik/ adj.   [Greek ptōsis from piptō ‘fall’]

PTSD abbr.  post-traumatic stress disorder [缩略]创伤后应激失调

Pty. abbr. Austral., NZ & S. Afr. [缩略] [澳新南非]  proprietary 

ptyalin /ˈtaiəlin/ n. Biochem.  a form of amylase found in the saliva of humans and some other animals 【生化】唾液淀粉酶 [Greek ptualon ‘spittle’]

Pu symb. Chem.  the element plutonium [符]【化】(化学元素)钚

pub1 /pʌb/ n.  1 Brit.  a public house [英]酒吧，酒店 2 Austral.  a hotel [澳]旅馆 [abbreviation]

pub2 /pʌb/ n. & v. (also 亦作 pub.) ●n.  publication 出版；发行 ●v. tr. (pubbed, pubbing; past part. also 亦作 pub)  publish 出版，发行 [abbreviation]

pub crawl n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a drinking tour of several pubs [尤英口]逛酒店饮酒

puberty /ˈpju:bəti/ n.  the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction 青春期，发育期 □ pubertal  adj.   [Middle English from French puberté or Latin pubertas, from puber ‘adult’]

pubes1 /ˈpju:bi:z, pju:bz/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the lower part of the abdomen at the front of the pelvis, covered with hair from puberty 阴部；阴阜 2 colloq.  the pubic hair [口]阴毛 [Latin]

pubes2 pl.  of PUBIS  

pubescence /pjʊˈbes(ə)ns/ n.  1  the time when puberty begins 青春期开始时期 2 Bot.  soft down on the leaves and stems of plants 【植】(植物茎、叶上的)柔毛 3 Zool.  soft down on various parts of animals, esp. insects 【动】(尤指昆虫身体部位上的)柔毛 □ pubescent  adj.   [French pubescence or medieval Latin pubescentia from Latin pubescere ‘reach puberty’]

pubic /ˈpju:bik/ adj.  of or relating to the pubes or pubis 阴部的；有关阴部的；耻骨的；有关耻骨的

pubis /ˈpju:bis/ n. (pl. pubes /-bi:z/)  either of a pair of bones forming the two sides of the pelvis 耻骨 [Latin os pubis ‘bone of the pubes’]

public /ˈpʌblik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning the people as a whole 公众的；有关公众的  a public holiday  公共假日 the public interest  公众利益 2  open to or shared by all the people 公共的；公用的  public baths  公共浴室 public library  公共图书馆 public meeting  公共集会 3  done or existing openly 公开的  made his views public  公开他的观点 a public protest  公开抗议 4 (of a service, funds, etc.) provided by or concerning local or central government (服务、资金等)地方政府提供的；国家提供的  public money  公款 public records  公共档案 public expenditure  公共支出 5  a  of or involved in the affairs of the community, esp. in government or entertainment 公共事务的；公共娱乐的  a distinguished public career  杰出的公共事业 public figures  知名人士b  of or relating to a person in his or her capacity as a public figure 知名的；众所周知的  had a likeable public face  有一张讨人喜欢的脸 6 Brit.  of, for, or acting for, a university [英]大学的；为大学的；代表大学的  public examination  大学考试 ●n.  1 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  the community in general, or members of the community 公众；大众 2  a section of the community having a particular interest or in some special connection 有共同爱好(或特殊联系)的一群人  the reading public  读者大众 my public demands my loyalty  我的群众要求我忠诚 3 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  = PUBLIC BAR b  = PUBLIC HOUSE  □ go public   1  become a public company 成为上市公司 2  make one's intentions plain; come out into the open 使某人的意图公开；公开□ in public   openly, publicly 公开地；当众地□ in the public domain   belonging to the public as a whole, esp. not subject to copyright 属于公众的(尤指不受版权限制的)□ in the public eye   famous or notorious 著名的；众所周知的□ publicly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French public or Latin publicus, from pubes ‘adult’]

public act n.  an act of legislation affecting the public as a whole 公共法(有关公众利益的法案)

public address system n.  loudspeakers, microphones, amplifiers, etc., used in addressing large audiences 扩音装置；有线广播系统

publican /ˈpʌblik(ə)n/ n.  1  a Brit.  the keeper of a public house [英]酒店老板b Austral.  the keeper of a hotel [澳]旅馆老板 2 Rom. Hist. & Bibl.  a tax collector or tax farmer [罗马]【史】【圣经】收税员；税款包收人 [Middle English via Old French publicain from Latin publicanus, from publicum ‘public revenue’ (as PUBLIC)]

public analyst n.  a member of a body that analyses foodstuffs for toxic substances etc. 食品化验机构成员

publication /pʌbliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the preparation and issuing of a book, newspaper, engraving, music, etc. to the public (书、报纸、版画、音乐等的)出版；发行b  a book etc. so issued 出版物(书等) 2  the act or an instance of making something publicly known 发表；公布 [Middle English via Old French from Latin publicatio -onis (as PUBLISH)]

public bar n. Brit.  the least expensive bar in a public house [英] (消费最低的)公众酒吧

public bill n.  a bill of legislation affecting the public as a whole 公共法(有关公众利益的法案)

public company n. Brit.  a company that sells shares to all buyers on the open market [英]股票上市公司

public enemy n.  a notorious wanted criminal 社会公敌；罪恶昭彰的通缉犯

public figure n.  a famous person 知名人士

public health n.  services intended to protect the health of the public, esp. the provision of adequate sanitation, drainage, etc. by government 公共卫生

public house n.  1 Brit.  an inn providing alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises [英]酒馆 2  an inn 旅店；客栈

publicist /ˈpʌblisist/ n.  1  a publicity agent or public relations officer 宣传员；公关人员 2  a journalist, esp. concerned with current affairs (尤指报道时事的)记者 3 archaic  a writer or other person skilled in international law [古义]国际法专家(或评论家) □ publicistic  /-ˈsistik/ adj.   [French publiciste from Latin (jus) publicum ‘public law’]

publicity /pʌbˈlisiti/ n.  1  a  the professional exploitation of a product, company, person, etc., by advertising or popularizing 宣传；宣扬b  material or information used for this 宣传品；宣扬资料 2  public exposure; notoriety 公开；名声远扬 [French publicité (as PUBLIC)]

publicity agent n.  a person employed to produce or heighten public exposure 广告员，宣传员

publicize /ˈpʌblisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  advertise; make publicly known 做广告；宣传，公布

public law n.  1  the law of relations between individuals and the State 公法 2  = PUBLIC ACT 

public lending right n. (in the UK) the right of authors to payment when their books etc. are lent by public libraries (英国)公共出借报酬权

public libel n. Law  a published libel 【法律】公开的文字诽谤

public nuisance n.  1  an illegal act against the public generally 妨害公共利益的违法行为 2 colloq.  an obnoxious person [口]众人讨厌的人，众人嫌

public opinion n.  views, esp. moral, prevalent among the general public 舆论

public orator  see 见 ORATOR 2 

public ownership n.  state ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange 公有制

public prosecutor n.  a law officer conducting criminal proceedings on behalf of the state or in the public interest 检察官，公诉人

public purse n.  the national treasury 国库

Public Record Office n. (in the UK) an institution keeping official archives for public inspection (英国)公共档案局

public relations n. pl.  the professional maintenance of a favourable public image, esp. by a company, famous person, etc. 公关，公共关系

public relations officer n.  a person employed by a company etc. to promote a favourable public image 公关人员

public school n.  1 (in England and Wales) a private fee-paying secondary school, esp. for boarders (英格兰及威尔士)公学(尤指付费寄宿的私立学校) 2 (in Scotland, N. America, etc.) a non-fee-paying school (苏格兰、北美等的)公立学校

public sector n.  that part of an economy, industry, etc., that is controlled by the State 国有成分，国有部分

public servant n.  a State official 公务员，公仆

public spirit n.  a willingness to engage in community action 公益精神 □ public-spirited  adj.  □ public-spiritedly  adj.  □ public-spiritedness  adj.  

public transport n.  buses, trains, etc., charging set fares and running on fixed routes, esp. when state-owned 公共交通工具

public utility n.  an organization supplying water, gas, etc. to the community 公用事业单位

public works n. pl.  building operations etc. done by or for the State on behalf of the community 公共工程

public wrong n.  an offence against society as a whole 损害社会的罪行

publish /ˈpʌbliʃ/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an author, publisher, etc.) prepare and issue (a book, newspaper, engraving, etc.) for public sale (作者、出版商等)出版，发行(书籍、报纸、版画等) 2  make generally known 公布 3  announce (an edict etc.) formally; read (marriage banns) 颁布(法令等)；宣读(结婚预告) 4 Law  communicate (a libel etc.) to a third party 【法律】(向第三方)传布(诽谤等) 5 (esp. as 尤作 published adj.)  publish the works of (a particular writer or composer) (作家或作曲家)发表作品(的)  she was already a published poet at the age of twenty  20 岁的时候她就已经发表过诗作了 □ publishable  adj.   [Middle English puplise etc., via Old French puplier, publier from Latin publicare (as PUBLIC)]

publisher /ˈpʌbliʃə/ n.  1  a person or esp. a company that produces and distributes copies of a book, newspaper, etc. for sale 出版商；出版者(尤指出版发行公司) 2 N. Amer.  a newspaper proprietor [北美]报刊业主 3  a person or thing that publishes 出版人，发行人；发表物

puce /pju:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  a dark red or purple-brown colour 深红色；紫褐色 ●adj.  of this colour 深红色的；紫褐色的 [French, = flea (-colour), from Latin pulex -icis]

puck1 /pʌk/ n.  a rubber disc used as a ball in ice hockey (冰球运动用的硬橡胶制成的)冰球 [19th c.: origin unknown]

puck2 /pʌk/ n.  1  a mischievous or evil sprite 喜欢恶作剧的小精灵 2  a mischievous child 淘气鬼，顽童 □ puckish  adj.  □ puckishly  adv.  □ puckishness  n.  □ pucklike  adj.   [Old English pūca: cf. Welsh pwca, Irish púca]

pucka var.  of PUKKA  PUKKA 的变体

pucker /ˈpʌkə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll.by 常后跟 up)  gather or cause to gather into wrinkles, folds, or bulges (使)起皱；(使)成褶；(使)凸起  puckered her eyebrows  她紧锁双眉 this seam is puckered up  线缝被撑开了 ●n.  such a wrinkle, bulge, fold, etc. 皱纹；凸起；褶子 □ puckery  adj.   [probably frequentative, formed as POKE2, POCKET (cf. PURSE)]

pud /pʊd/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = PUDDING  [abbreviation]

pudding /ˈpʊdiŋ/ n.  1  a  any of various sweet cooked dishes (甜味的)布丁  plum pudding  李子布丁 rice pudding  大米布丁b  a savoury dish containing flour, suet, etc. (含面粉、板油等的)布丁  Yorkshire pudding  约克郡布丁 steak and kidney pudding  牛排腰子布丁c Brit.  the sweet course of a meal [英] (饭菜中的一道)甜食d  the intestines of a pig etc. stuffed with oatmeal, spices, blood, etc. (用燕麦片、香料、血等制成的)香肠  black pudding  黑香肠e US  a cold dessert with a soft or creamy consistency [美]奶油甜点心 2 colloq.  a fat, dumpy, or stupid person [口]胖人；粗壮的人；呆头呆脑的人 3 (Naut. 【海】 puddening /ˈpʊd(ə)niŋ/) Brit.  a pad or tow binding to prevent chafing etc. [英] (护船用的)船首(或尾)碰垫；牵绳 □ in the pudding club  Brit. slang  pregnant [英] [俚语]怀孕□ puddingy  adj.   [Middle English poding from Old French boudin ‘black pudding’, ultimately from Latin botellus ‘sausage’: see BOWEL]

pudding basin n.  a basin in which puddings are made and often steamed (做或蒸布丁用的)布丁盘

pudding cloth n.  a cloth used for tying up some puddings for boiling (蒸布丁用的)布丁布

pudding face n. Brit. colloq.  a large fat face [英口]大胖脸

pudding-head n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]呆子，笨蛋

pudding-stone n.  a conglomerate rock consisting of rounded pebbles in a siliceous matrix 圆砾岩

puddle /ˈpʌd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small pool, esp. of rainwater on a road etc. (尤指路上等积满雨水的)水坑，雨水坑 2  clay and sand mixed with water and used as a watertight covering for embankments etc. (用黏土、沙子、水捣合而成用于止堤岸水的)胶土 3  a circular patch of disturbed water made by the blade of an oar at each stroke (划船时桨叶激起的)水涡 ●v.  1 tr.  a  knead (clay and sand) into puddle 把(黏土和沙)捣成胶土b  line (a canal etc.) with puddle 用胶土填抹(沟等) 2 intr.  make puddle from clay etc. (把黏土等)捣成胶土 3 tr.  stir (molten iron) to produce wrought iron by expelling carbon 把(熔铁)搅炼成熟铁 4 intr.  a  dabble or wallow in mud or shallow water (在泥或水中)嬉戏；打滚b  busy oneself in an untidy way 瞎忙 5 tr.  make (water etc.) muddy 把(水等)弄成泥浆 6 tr.  work (mixed water and clay) to separate gold or opal 从(泥水浆中)分离出金子(或蛋白石) □ puddler  n.  □ puddly  adj.   [Middle English podel, puddel, diminutive of Old English pudd ‘ditch’]

pudency /ˈpju:d(ə)nsi/ n. literary  modesty; shame [文学用语]谦逊；羞怯 [Late Latin pudentia (as PUDENDUM)]

pudendum /pjʊˈdendəm/ n. (pl. pudenda /-də/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the genitals, esp. of a woman (尤指女性的)外生殖器，外阴 □ pudendal  adj.  □ pudic  /ˈpju:dik/ adj.   [Latin pudenda (membra ‘parts’), neut. pl. of gerundive of pudēre ‘be ashamed’]

pudgy /ˈpʌdʒi/ adj. (pudgier, pudgiest) colloq. (esp. of a person) plump, thickset [口] (尤指人)矮胖的；体格粗壮的 □ pudge  n.  □ pudgily  adv.  □ pudginess  n.   [cf. PODGY]

pueblo /ˈpwebləʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a town or village in Spain or Spanish America, esp. a N. American Indian settlement (尤指北美印第安人居住区的)镇，村 2 (作 Pueblo)  a member of a N. American Indian people living in pueblos esp. in New Mexico and Arizona (尤指居住在新墨西哥和亚利桑那州的北美印第安人)普韦布洛人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Pueblos or their culture 普韦布洛人的；与普韦布洛人有关的；普韦布洛文化的；与普韦布洛文化有关的 [Spanish, = people, from Latin populus]

puerile /ˈpjʊərail/ adj.  1  trivial, childish, immature 无足轻重的；幼稚的；不成熟的 2  of or like a child 孩子的；像孩子似的 □ puerilely  adv.  □ puerility  /-ˈriliti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [French puéril or Latin puerilis from puer ‘boy’]

puerperal /pju:ˈɜ:p(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of or caused by childbirth 分娩的；由分娩引起的 [Latin puerperus, from puer ‘child’ + -parus ‘bearing’]

puerperal fever n.  fever following childbirth and caused by uterine infection (产后子宫感染引起的)产褥热

Puerto Rican /pwɜ:tə(ʊ)ˈri:k(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Puerto Rico, an island of the Greater Antilles 波多黎各人 2  a person of Puerto Rican descent 波多黎各后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Puerto Rico or its inhabitants 波多黎各的；与波多黎各有关的；波多黎各人的；与波多黎各人有关的

Puerto Rico /ˈpwertəuˈri:kəu/ n.  波多黎各 [北美洲]

puff /pʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a short quick light blast of breath or wind (呼吸或风的)呼；吹b  the sound of this; a similar sound 呼(或吹)的声音；呼(或吹)似的声音c  a small quantity of vapour, smoke, etc., emitted in one blast (蒸汽、烟等的)少量  went up in a puff of smoke  升起了一小股烟 2  a cake etc. containing jam, cream, etc., and made of light esp. puff pastry 泡夫(一种奶油果酱松饼) 3  a gathered mass of material in a dress etc. (衣服等上的)泡裥  puff sleeve  泡裥袖 4  a rolled protuberant mass of hair 圆筒形蓬松发卷 5  a  an extravagantly enthusiastic review of a book etc., esp. in a newspaper (尤指报纸上的)吹捧性书评(或评论等)b Brit.  an advertisement for goods etc., esp. in a newspaper [英] (尤指报纸上的商品等的)广告 6  = POWDER PUFF  7 N. Amer.  an eiderdown [北美]鸭绒被 8 Brit. colloq.  one's life [英口]一生  in all my puff  在我的一生中 ●v.  1 intr.  emit a puff of air or breath; blow with short blasts 一股股地呼气(或吹气)；一阵阵地喷气 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, out, etc.) (of a person smoking, a steam engine, etc.) emit or move with puffs (吸烟者等)喷烟；(蒸汽机等)喷着蒸汽开动  puffing away at his cigar  他一口一口地吸着雪茄 a train puffed out of the station  火车吐着烟驶出了车站 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动； often foll.by 常后跟 out)  put out of breath 使气喘  arrived somewhat puffed  到达时有点气喘吁吁 completely puffed him out  使他根本喘不过气来 4 intr.  breathe hard; pant 喘息；气喘 5 tr.  utter pantingly 气喘吁吁地说  ‘No more, ’ he puffed  他气喘吁吁地说，“再也没有了。” 6 intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, out)  become or cause to become inflated; swell (使)膨胀；(使)肿胀  his eye was inflamed and puffed up  他有一只眼发炎红肿了 puffed up the balloon  把气球吹起来 7 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, up, away)  blow or emit (dust, smoke, a light object, etc.) with a puff 噗噗地吹出(或吐出) (灰尘、烟雾、轻小之物等) 8 tr.  smoke (a pipe etc.) in puffs 边喷边吸(烟斗等) 9 tr. (usu. as 通常作 puffed up adj.)  elate; make proud or boastful 得意扬扬的；趾高气扬的；自吹自擂的 10 tr.  advertise or promote (goods, a book, etc.) with exaggerated or false praise 为(商品、书等)做广告；吹捧(商品、书等) □ puff and blow   = sense 4 of v. 动词释义 4□ puff up   = sense 9 of v. 动词释义 9 [Middle English puf, puffe, perhaps from Old English, imitative of the sound of breath]

puff-adder n.  a large venomous African viper, Bitis arietans, which inflates the upper part of its body and hisses when excited 咝蝰(一种非洲毒蛇)

puffball /ˈpʌfbɔ:l/ n.  1  any of various fungi having a ball-shaped spore case 马勃(菌) 2  a short full skirt gathered around the hemline to produce a soft puffy shape 泡裥裙(底边打褶鼓鼓囊囊的短裙) 3  a powder puff or an object resembling one 粉扑；粉扑状事物

puffer /ˈpʌfə/ n.  1  a person or thing that puffs 喷烟雾的人；吐烟雾的东西 2  = PUFF-PUFF 

puffer fish n.  = GLOBE-FISH 

puffery /ˈpʌf(ə)ri/ n.  exaggerated praise or commendation 吹捧；吹嘘 [PUFF v. 10 + -ERY]

puffin /ˈpʌfin/ n.  any of various seabirds of the family Alcidae native to the N. Atlantic and N. Pacific, esp. Fratercula arctica, having a large head with a brightly coloured triangular bill, and black and white plumage (生长在大西洋及太平洋北部的)海雀科海鸟(尤指北极海鹦) [Middle English poffin, pophyn, originally denoting a shearwater, apparently from PUFF + -ING3 with reference to that bird's fat nestlings]

puffin crossing n. (in the UK) a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights operated as long as pedestrians are detected on the crossing by infra-red detectors and mats (英国)红外探测器监控交通灯的行人十字路口 [from pedestrian user friendly intelligent, respelt after the bird name]

puff pastry n.  light flaky pastry 制泡夫用面团；层叠面团

puff-puff n. Brit.  a childish word for a steam engine or train [英] (儿语)蒸汽机；火车

puffy /ˈpʌfi/ adj. (puffier, puffiest)  1  swollen, esp. of the face etc. (尤指脸等)肿的 2  fat 肥胖的 3  gusty 一阵阵的 4  short-winded; puffed out 气短的；喘息的 □ puffily  adv.  □ puffiness  n.  

pug1 /pʌɡ/ n.  1 (in full 全称 pug-dog)  a  a dwarf breed of dog like a bulldog with a broad flat nose and deeply wrinkled face 哈巴狗(鼻扁皱脸小狗)品种b  a dog of this breed 哈巴狗 2  a fox 狐狸 3  a small geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia or a related genus 尺蠖蛾；尺蠖蛾属 □ puggish  adj.  □ puggy  adj.   [16th c.: perhaps from Low German or Dutch]

pug2 /pʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  loam or clay mixed and prepared for making bricks, pottery, etc. (制砖、陶器等的)泥料 ●v. tr. (pugged, pugging)  1  prepare (clay) thus 搅拌(黏土) 2  pack (esp. the space under the floor to deaden sound) with pug, sawdust, etc. (尤指为隔音)塞填(泥料、锯末等) □ pugging  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

pug3 /pʌɡ/ n. slang  a boxer [俚语]拳击运动员，拳击手 [abbreviation of PUGILIST]

pug4 /pʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  the footprint of an animal 动物足迹 ●v. tr. (pugged, pugging)  track by pugs 凭足迹追踪 [Hindi pag ‘footprint’]

pug-dog  see 见 PUG1 1 

puggaree /ˈpʌɡ(ə)ri:/ n.  1  an Indian turban (印度人用的)轻质头巾 2  a thin muslin scarf tied round a sun-helmet etc. and shielding the neck 麦斯林纱巾(围在太阳帽上护颈) [Hindi pagrī ‘turban’]

pugilist /ˈpju:dʒilist/ n.  a boxer, esp. a professional (尤指职业的)拳击运动员，拳击手 □ pugilism  n.  □ pugilistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [Latin pugil ‘boxer’]

pug-mill n.  a mill for preparing pug 拌泥机 [PUG2]

pugnacious /pʌɡˈneiʃəs/ adj.  quarrelsome; disposed to fight 喜欢争吵的；好斗的 □ pugnaciously  adv.  □ pugnaciousness  n.  □ pugnacity  /-ˈnæsiti/ n.   [Latin pugnax -acis, via pugnare ‘fight’ from pugnus ‘fist’]

pug-nose n.  a short squat or snub nose 狮子鼻；扁平上翘的鼻子 □ pug-nosed  adj.  

puisne /ˈpju:ni/ adj. Brit. Law  denoting a judge of a superior court inferior in rank to chief justices [英]【法律】(高级法院中)职位较低的 [Old French, from puis (from Latin postea ‘afterwards’) + né ‘born’ from Latin natus: cf. PUNY]

puissance /ˈpju:is(ə)ns, ˈpwi:-, ˈpwi-/ n.  1 /also 亦作 ˈpwi:sɒ˜s/  a test of a horse's ability to jump large obstacles in showjumping 马越障能力测试 2 archaic  great power, might, or influence [古义]权力；力量；影响 [Middle English (in sense 2) from Old French (as PUISSANT)]

puissant /ˈpju:is(ə)nt, ˈpwi:-, ˈpwi-/ adj. literary or archaic  having great power or influence; mighty [文学用语] [古义]权力大的；影响深的；强有力的 □ puissantly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin posse ‘be able’: cf. POTENT1]

puja /ˈpu:dʒə/ n. (also 亦作 pooja)  a Hindu rite of worship; an offering (印度教的)礼拜；献祭 [Sanskrit]

puke /pju:k/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. tr. & intr.  vomit 呕出；呕吐 ●n.  vomit 呕吐；呕吐物 □ pukey  adj.   [16th c.: probably imitative]

pukeko /ˈpu:kekəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) NZ  a purple gallinule, Porphyrio porphyrio [新]紫水鸡 [Maori]

pukka /ˈpʌkə/ adj. (also 亦作 pukkah, pucka) Anglo-Ind. [印英]  1  genuine 真正的 2  of good quality; reliable 优质的；可信赖的  did a pukka job  干得漂亮 3  of full weight 斤两足的 [Hindi pakkɑˉ ‘cooked, ripe, substantial’]

pulchritude /ˈpʌlkritju:d/ n. literary  beauty [文学用语]美丽，漂亮 □ pulchritudinous  /-ˈtju:dinəs/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin pulchritudo -dinis, from pulcher -chri ‘beautiful’]

pule /pju:l/ v. intr. literary  cry querulously or weakly; whine, whimper [文学用语]低泣；呜咽；悲泣 [Middle English, probably imitative: cf. French piauler]

Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlitsə, ˈpju:-/ n.  each of 13 annual awards for achievements in American journalism, literature, and music 普利策奖(美国新闻、文学和音乐的 13 项的年度奖) [established by J. Pulitzer, American newspaper publisher d. 1911]

pull /pʊl/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  exert force on (a thing) tending to move it towards oneself or the origin of the force 拉；拖  stop pulling my hair  别揪我头发 2 tr.  cause to move in this way 拉；拖  pulled it nearer  把它拉近一点 pulled me into the room  把我拖进房间 3 intr.  exert a pulling force 用拉力  the horse pulls well  马拉力很大 the engine will not pull  这架发动机拉不动 4 tr.  extract (a cork or tooth) by pulling 拔(瓶塞或牙齿) 5 tr.  damage (a muscle etc.) by abnormal strain 拉伤(肌肉等) 6  a tr.  move (a boat) by pulling on the oars 用桨划(船)b intr. (of a boat etc.) be caused to move, esp. in a specified direction (船等)移动(尤指朝某一方向) 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  proceed with effort (up a hill etc.) 费力地前进(上山等) 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  bring out (a weapon) for use against (a person) 拔出(武器)对准(某人) 9  a tr.  check the speed of (a horse), esp. so as to make it lose the race (勒马)减速(尤指故意输掉比赛)b intr. (of a horse) strain against the bit (马)咬马嚼子反抗挣扎 10 tr.  attract or secure (custom or support) 吸引(顾客)；博得(支持) 11 tr. Brit.  draw (liquor) from a barrel etc. [英] (从桶等中)汲取(液体) 12 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  tear or pluck at 撕；摘 13 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, at)  inhale deeply; draw or suck (on a pipe etc.) 深吸；抽，嘬(烟斗等) 14 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  remove (a plant) by the root 连根拔起(植物) 15 tr.  a Cricket  play (the ball) round to the leg side from the off 【板球】击(球)至左前侧(或右前侧)b Golf & Baseball  strike (the ball) widely to the left (or, of a left-handed player, the right) 【高尔夫球】【棒球】挥棒击(球)至左场(或左手击球员击到右场) 16 tr.  print (a proof etc.) 打印(校样等) 17 tr. colloq.  achieve or accomplish (esp. something illicit) [口]做到；完成(尤指非法之事) 18 tr. slang  succeed in attracting sexually; pick up (a sexual partner) [俚语]性引诱成功；与…性交 ●n.  1  the act of pulling 拉；拖 2  the force exerted by this 拉力；拖力 3  a means of exerting influence; an advantage 影响力；有利条件 4  something that attracts or draws attention 吸引力；魅力 5  a deep draught of liquor 畅饮 6  a prolonged effort, e.g. in going up a hill 持续的努力(如上山等) 7  a handle etc. for applying a pull 把手(或拉手等) 8  a spell of rowing 一次划桨动作 9  a printer's rough proof (打样机的)毛样，草样 10 Cricket & Golf  a pulling stroke 【板球】【高尔夫球】挥棒一击 11  a suck at a cigarette (烟)嘬，吸 □ pull about   1  treat roughly 粗暴对待 2  pull from side to side 拖来拖去□ pull all the stops out   exert extreme effort 竭尽全力□ pull apart (or to pieces)   = take to pieces (see 见 PIECE) □ pull back   retreat or cause to retreat 后退；使后退□ pull down   1  demolish (esp. a building) 拆毁(尤指建筑物) 2  humiliate 使丢脸 3 colloq.  earn (a sum of money) as wages etc. [口]赚(钱)□ pull a face  esp. Brit.  assume a distinctive or specified (e.g. sad or angry) expression [尤英]做出(如悲哀、生气)的样子□ pull a fast one   see 见 FAST1 □ pull in   1 (of a bus, train, etc.) arrive to take passengers (汽车、火车等)进站 2 (of a vehicle) move to the side of or off the road (车辆)驶向路边；停车 3  earn or acquire 赚得；获得 4 colloq.  arrest [口]拘捕 5  rein in, hold in, check 勒住；抑制住；制止□ pull a person's leg   deceive a person playfully 愚弄某人□ pull off   1  remove by pulling 拉开 2  succeed in achieving or winning 成功完成；赢得□ pull oneself together   recover control of oneself 控制住自己□ pull the other one  Brit. colloq.  expressing disbelief [英口]表示怀疑  with reference to 参考 pull a person's leg □ pull out   1  take out by pulling 拉出 2  depart 离开 3  withdraw from an undertaking 退出 4 (of a bus, train, etc.) leave with its passengers (汽车、火车等)出站 5 (of a vehicle) move out from the side of the road, or from its normal position to overtake (车辆)驶离路边；驶离原位置超车□ pull over  (of a vehicle) pull in (车辆)驶入□ pull the plug  (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq.  put an end to an enterprise etc.; destroy; cut off (supplies etc.) [口] (企业等)破产；摧毁；切断(补给等)□ pull one's punches   avoid using one's full force 避免用全力□ pull rank   take unfair advantage of one's seniority 滥用职权；以势压人□ pull round  esp. Brit.  recover or cause to recover from an illness [尤英] (使)恢复健康□ pull strings   exert (esp. clandestine) influence (尤指暗暗地)施加影响□ pull the strings   be the real actuator of what another does 幕后操纵□ pull through   1  get through an illness, a dangerous situation, or a difficult undertaking 战胜疾病；脱离险境；渡过难关 2  enable (a person) to do this (使某人)渡过险境(或难关)；(使某人)恢复健康□ pull together   work in harmony 齐心协力，通力合作□ pull up   1  stop or cause to stop moving 停止；使停下不动 2  pull out of the ground 拔掉，根除 3  reprimand 责备，谴责 4  check oneself 克制自己□ pull one's weight   do one's fair share of work 努力做好自己的份内工作□ pull wires  esp. US [尤美]  = pull strings □ puller  n.   [Old English (ɑˉ)pullian, perhaps related to Low German pūlen, Middle Dutch polen ‘to shell’]

pull-back n.  1  a retarding influence 阻力；障碍 2  a withdrawal of troops 撤军

pull-down adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  that may be, or is designed to be, pulled down 可拆下的 ●n.  a thing that may be pulled down or which pulls something down 能被拆下之物；拆缷工具

pullet /ˈpʊlit/ n.  a young hen, esp. one less than one year old (不足一年的)小母鸡 [Middle English from Old French poulet, diminutive of poule, ultimately from fem. of Latin pullus ‘chicken’]

pulley /ˈpʊli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a grooved wheel or set of wheels for a cord etc. to pass over, set in a block and used for changing the direction of a force 滑轮(组)；滑车 2  a wheel or drum fixed on a shaft and turned by a belt, used esp. to increase speed or power (尤指用于加速或加力的)皮带轮；滚筒 ●v. tr. (-eys, -eyed)  1  hoist or work with a pulley 用滑轮举起(或带动) 2  provide with a pulley 配以滑轮 [Middle English from Old French polie, probably ultimately from a medieval Greek diminutive of polos POLE2]

pull-in n. Brit.  a roadside café or other stopping place [英]路边咖啡店；路边停车场

Pullman /ˈpʊlmən/ n. (pl. Pullmans)  1  a railway carriage or motor coach affording special comfort (特别舒适的)普尔曼式火车车厢(或客车) 2  a sleeping car 卧铺车 3  a train consisting of Pullman carriages 挂普尔曼式车厢的火车 [named after G. M. Pullman, American designer d. 1897]

pull-off adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  that may be, or is designed to be, pulled off 可拉开的 ●n.  1  an act of pulling something off 拉开，扯下 2  a lay-by 路边停车带

pull-on adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  designating a garment without fasteners that is pulled on (衣服无扣)套穿的 ●n.  such a garment 套穿衣服

pull-out n.  1  something that can be pulled out, esp. a section of a magazine 可拆下之物(尤指杂志的活页) 2  the act of pulling out; a withdrawal, esp. from military involvement 拆开；撤退(尤指撤军)

pullover /ˈpʊləʊvə/ n.  a knitted garment put on over the head and covering the top half of the body 套衫(尤指针织物)

pullulate /ˈpʌljʊleit/ v. intr.  1 (of a seed, shoot, etc.) bud, sprout, germinate (种子、苗等)发芽；抽条；萌芽 2 (esp. of an animal) swarm, throng; breed prolifically (尤指动物)群集；群聚；大量繁殖 3  develop; spring up; come to life 发展；生长；复苏 4 (foll.by 后跟 with)  abound 富足；充满 □ pullulant  adj.  □ pullulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin pullulare ‘sprout’ from pullulus, diminutive of pullus ‘young of an animal’]

pull-up n.  1  an exercise involving raising oneself with one's arms by pulling up against a horizontal bar etc. fixed above one's head 引体向上运动 2  a place for pulling up or stopping, esp. in a motor vehicle (尤指汽车的)停车场地 3  the act of pulling up; a sudden stop 制动；突然停止

pulmonary /ˈpʌlmən(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or relating to the lungs 肺的；与肺有关的 2  having lungs or lunglike organs 有肺的；有肺状器官的 3  affected with or susceptible to lung disease 患肺部疾病的；易患肺部疾病的 □ pulmonate  /-nət/ adj.   [Latin pulmonarius from pulmo -onis ‘lung’]

pulmonary artery n.  the artery conveying blood from the heart to the lungs 肺动脉

pulmonary tuberculosis n.  a form of tuberculosis caused by inhaling the tubercle bacillus into the lungs 肺结核，肺痨

pulmonary vein n.  the vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart 肺静脉

pulmonic /pʌlˈmɒnik/ adj.  = PULMONARY 1  [French pulmonique or via modern Latin pulmonicus from Latin pulmo (as PULMONARY)]

pulp /pʌlp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the soft fleshy part of fruit etc. (水果等的)果肉 2  any soft thick wet mass 酱；泥 3  a soft shapeless mass derived from rags, wood, etc., used in papermaking 纸浆；浆状物 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  popular or sensational writing often regarded as of poor quality (originally printed on rough paper) 低级趣味的；黄色暴力的(最初印在劣质纸张上)  pulp fiction  黄色小说 5  vascular tissue filling the interior cavity and root canals of a tooth 髓；牙髓 6 Mining  pulverized ore mixed with water 【采矿学】浆矿 ●v.  1 tr.  reduce to pulp 使成浆状 2 tr.  withdraw (a publication) from the market, usu. recycling the paper (通常通过回收纸张)回收(出版物) 3 tr.  remove pulp from 除去…的果肉 4 intr.  become pulp 变成浆状 □ pulper  n.  □ pulpy  adj.  □ pulpiness  n.   [Latin pulpa]

pulpit /ˈpʊlpit/ n.  1  a raised enclosed platform in a church etc. from which the preacher delivers a sermon (教堂等的)布道坛 2 (prec.by 前接 the)  preachers or preaching collectively 传道士；布道(总称) 3  a  a standing place on the bowsprit of a fishing vessel etc. (捕鲸船船首斜桁处的)站立处b  a railed-in area at the bow (or stern) of a yacht etc. (游艇等首尾的)安全栏处 [Middle English from Latin pulpitum ‘scaffold, platform’]

pulpwood /ˈpʌlpwʊd/ n.  timber suitable for making pulp 纸浆木材

pulque /ˈpʊlkei, ˈpʊlki/ n.  a Mexican fermented drink made from the sap of the maguey (墨西哥人通过发酵制成的)龙舌兰酒 [Latin American Spanish, from Nahuatl puliúhki ‘decomposed’]

pulque brandy n.  a strong intoxicant made from pulque 龙舌兰白兰地

pulsar /ˈpʌlsɑ:/ n. Astron.  a celestial object, thought to be a rapidly rotating neutron star, emitting regular pulses of radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation 【天】脉冲星；中子星 [pulsating star, on the pattern of quasar]

pulsate /pʌlˈseit, ˈpʌlseit/ v. intr.  1  expand and contract rhythmically; throb (有节奏地)舒张与收缩；搏动 2  vibrate, quiver, thrill 震动；颤动；震颤 □ pulsation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ pulsator  /-ˈseitə/ n.  □ pulsatory  /ˈpʌlsət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin pulsare, frequentative of pellere puls- ‘drive, beat’]

pulsatile /ˈpʌlsətail/ adj.  1  of or having the property of pulsation 震动的；颤动的 2 (of a musical instrument) played by percussion (乐器)打击的 [medieval Latin pulsatilis (as PULSATE)]

pulsatilla /pʌlsəˈtilə/ n.  any plant of the genus Pulsatilla, esp. the pasque flower 白头翁属植物(尤指白头翁) [modern Latin, diminutive of pulsatus ‘beaten about’, because it quivers in the wind]

pulse1 /pʌls/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, esp. as felt in the wrists, temples, etc. 脉搏b  each successive beat of the arteries or heart 脉(或心)的跳动 2  a throb or thrill of life or emotion 生命的脉动；感情的起伏 3  a general feeling or opinion 情绪；意向  tried to read the pulse of the nation  设法了解国家的动向 4  a single vibration of sound, electric current, light, etc., esp. as a signal (声音、电流、光等的)一次脉冲(尤作信号) 5  a musical beat 音乐拍子 6  any regular or recurrent rhythm, e.g. of the stroke of oars 有韵律的动作(如船桨有节奏的划动) ●v. intr.  1  pulsate 搏动；振动 2 (foll.by 后跟 out, in, etc.)  transmit etc. by rhythmical beats 用脉冲输送(或传送等) □ pulseless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French pous from Latin pulsus, from pellere puls- ‘drive, beat’]

pulse2 /pʌls/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  1  the edible seeds of various leguminous plants, e.g. chickpeas, lentils, beans, etc. (可食用的)豆科植物种子，豆子(如鹰嘴豆、小扁豆；菜豆等) 2  the plant or plants producing this 豆类植物 [Middle English via Old French pols from Latin puls pultis ‘porridge of meal or pulse’]

pulse code n.  the coding of information using pulses 脉冲(编)码

pulse code modulation n.  a pulse modulation technique of representing a signal by a sequence of binary codes 脉冲码调制

pulse modulation n.  a type of modulation in which pulses are varied to represent a signal 脉冲调制

pulsimeter /pʌlˈsimitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the rate or force of a pulse 脉搏计

pulverize /ˈpʌlvəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  reduce to fine particles 弄碎 2 tr. & intr.  crumble to dust 弄成粉末 3 colloq. tr. [口]  a  demolish 摧毁b  defeat utterly 彻底打败 □ pulverizable  adj.  □ pulverization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ pulverizator  n.  □ pulverizer  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin pulverizare, from pulvis pulveris ‘dust’]

pulverulent /pʌlˈverʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  consisting of fine particles; powdery 由粉末组成的；粉末状的 2  likely to crumble 易碎的 [Latin pulverulentus (as PULVERIZE)]

puma /ˈpju:mə/ n.  a wild American cat, Felis concolor, usu. with a tawny or greyish coat Also called 亦称作 COUGAR, PANTHER, mountain lion 美洲狮 [Spanish from Quechua]

pumice /ˈpʌmis/ n. & v. ●n. (in full 全称 pumice stone)  1  a light porous volcanic rock often used as an abrasive in cleaning or polishing substances (用于去污或磨光的)轻石，浮石 2  a piece of this used for removing hard skin etc. (用于去除硬皮等的)轻石(或浮石) ●v. tr.  rub or clean with a pumice 用轻石磨光(或去污) □ pumiceous  /pju:ˈmiʃəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French pomis from Latin pumex pumicis (dialect pom-): cf. POUNCE2]

pummel /ˈpʌm(ə)l/ v. tr. (pummelled, pummelling; US [美] pummeled, pummeling)  strike repeatedly esp. with the fist (尤指用拳头)连续击打 [alteration of POMMEL]

pump1 /pʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a machine, usu. with rotary action or the reciprocal action of a piston, for raising or moving liquids, compressing gases, inflating tyres, etc. 泵；抽水机；抽气机；唧筒 2  an instance of pumping; a stroke of a pump 泵送；泵冲 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out, into, up, etc.)  raise or remove (liquid, gas, etc.) with a pump 用泵增输(或抽去) (液体、气体等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  fill (a tyre etc.) with air 给(轮胎等)充气 3 tr.  remove (water etc.) with a pump 用泵抽(水等) 4 intr.  work a pump 操作泵 5 tr. (often foll. 常后跟 by 常后跟 out)  cause to move, pour forth, etc., as if by pumping (似用泵)使输送(或泄出等) 6 tr.  try to elicit information from (a person) by persistent questioning 追问(某人)以探知信息 7 tr.  a  move vigorously up and down 使劲上下移动b  shake (a person's hand) effusively 热情地握(某人的手) □ pump iron  colloq.  exercise with weights [口]举哑铃锻炼 [Middle English pumpe, pompe (originally nautical): probably imitative]

pump2 /pʌmp/ n.  1  a plimsoll 橡皮底帆布鞋 2  a light shoe for dancing etc. 轻舞鞋 3 N. Amer.  a court shoe [北美]船型高跟浅帮鞋 [16th c.: origin unknown]

pump-action attrib. adj.  designating a repeating firearm activated by a horizontally operating slide action (火器)拉推枪栓式装置的

pump-brake n.  the handle of a pump, esp. with a transverse bar for several people to work at (尤指有横杆的)泵柄

pumpernickel /ˈpʊmpənik(ə)l, ˈpʌm-/ n.  German wholemeal rye bread 德式全麦黑面包 [German, earlier = lout, bumpkin, of uncertain origin]

pump-handle v. tr. colloq.  shake (a person's hand) effusively [口]热情地握(某人的手)

pumpkin /ˈpʌm(p)kin/ n.  1  any of various plants of the genus Cucurbita, esp. C. maxima, with large lobed leaves and tendrils 西葫芦 2  the large rounded yellow fruit of this with a thick rind and edible flesh 南瓜 [alteration of earlier pompon, pumpion from obsolete French po(m)pon via Latin pepo -onis from Greek pepōn ‘large melon’: see PEPO]

pump-priming n.  1  the introduction of fluid etc. into a pump to prepare it for working (泵前)进液(或注液等) 2 esp. US  the stimulation of commerce etc. by investment [尤美]刺激商业(或经济等)的投资；投资刺激

pump room n.  1  a room where fuel pumps etc. are stored or controlled 泵房；水泵间 2  a room at a spa etc. where medicinal water is dispensed (温泉疗养地的)矿泉水饮用室

pun1 /pʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  the humorous use of a word to suggest different meanings, or of words of the same sound and different meanings 双关诙谐语；双关语 ●v. intr. (punned, punning) (foll.by 后跟 on)  make a pun or puns with (words) 把(词语)用作双关语 □ punningly  adv.   [17th c.: perhaps from obsolete pundigrion, perhaps a fanciful alteration of PUNCTILIO]

pun2 /pʌn/ v. tr. (punned, punning) Brit.  consolidate (earth or rubble) by pounding or ramming [英]把(土或碎石)捣固(或夯实) □ punner  n.   [dialect variant of POUND2]

puna /ˈpu:nə/ n.  1  a high plateau in the Peruvian Andes (秘鲁安第斯山脉的)高原 2  = MOUNTAIN SICKNESS  [Quechua, in sense 1]

punch1 /pʌn(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  strike bluntly, esp. with a closed fist (尤指握拳)猛击 2  prod or poke with a blunt object (用钝物)戳；捅 3  a  pierce a hole in (metal, paper, a ticket, etc.) as or with a punch (用或似用打孔器在金属、纸、票等上)打孔；打眼b  pierce (a hole) by punching 冲出(孔) 4 N. Amer.  drive (cattle) by prodding with a stick etc. [北美] (用棍棒等捅着)赶(牛) ●n.  1  a blow with a fist 一拳 2  the ability to deliver this 用拳击打的能力 3 colloq.  vigour, momentum; effective force [口]精力；动力；效力 □ puncher  n.   [Middle English, variant of POUNCE1]

punch2 /pʌn(t)ʃ/ n.  1  a device or machine for punching holes in materials (e.g. paper, leather, metal, plaster) (在纸、皮、金属、塑料等上打孔的)打孔器；穿孔机 2  a tool or machine for impressing a design or stamping a die on a material 打印工具；压印器；冲床 [perhaps an abbreviation of PUNCHEON1, or from PUNCH1]

punch3 /pʌn(t)ʃ/ n.  a drink of wine or spirits mixed with water, fruit juices, spices, etc., and usu. served hot 潘趣酒；伴汁酒(酒、水、果汁、香料等混合而成的饮料) [probably from Sanskrit pañca ‘five, five kinds of’ (as the drink properly had five ingredients)]

punch4 /pʌn(t)ʃ/ n.  1 (作 Punch)  a grotesque humpbacked figure in a puppet show called Punch and Judy 潘趣(《潘趣和朱迪》木偶戏中的一位鹰鼻驼背滑稽木偶) 2 (in full 全称 Suffolk punch)  a short-legged thickset draught horse (腿短体壮的)萨福克役马 □ (as) pleased as Punch   showing great pleasure 非常快乐 [abbreviation of PUNCHINELLO]

punchbag /ˈpʌn(t)ʃbæɡ/ n. Brit.  a stuffed bag suspended at a height for boxers etc. to practise punching [英] (悬挂在空中供练习拳击用的)吊袋，沙包

punchball /ˈpʌn(t)ʃbɔ:l/ n.  1 Brit.  a stuffed or inflated ball suspended or mounted on a stand, used for punching practice by boxers etc. [英] (练习拳击用的)吊球，梨球 2 US  a ball game in which a rubber ball is punched with the fist or head [美] (一种以拳或头代替棒击的)手棒球(球戏)

punchbowl /ˈpʌn(t)ʃbəʊl/ n.  1  a bowl in which punch is mixed 潘趣酒碗(用于调拌潘趣酒的酒碗) 2  a deep round hollow in a hill (山中)圆形凹地

punchcard /ˈpʌn(t)ʃkɑ:d/ n. (also 亦作 punched card)  a card perforated according to a code, for conveying instructions or data to a data processor etc. 穿孔卡

punch-drunk adj.  stupefied from or as though from a series of heavy blows (因受重击而)昏眩的；(似受了重击而)头昏眼花的

puncheon1 /ˈpʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a short post, esp. one supporting a roof in a coal mine 短柱(尤指坑道中的支柱) 2  = PUNCH2  [Middle English from Old French poinson, po(i)nchon, ultimately from Latin pungere punct- ‘prick’]

puncheon2 /ˈpʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n. hist.  a large cask for liquids etc. holding from 72 to 120 gallons [史义] (能容 72 至 120 加仑的)大桶 [Middle English from Old French poinson, po(i)nchon, of unknown origin (probably not the same as in PUNCHEON1)]

Punchinello /pʌn(t)ʃiˈneləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the chief character in a traditional Italian puppet show 潘趣乃乐(意大利传统木偶戏角色) 2  a short stout person of comical appearance 滑稽的矮胖子 [Neapolitan dialect Polecenella, Italian Pulcinella, perhaps diminutive of pollecena ‘young turkey-cock with a hooked beak’ from pulcino ‘chicken’, ultimately from Latin pullus]

punching bag n. US [美]  = PUNCHBAG 

punchline /ˈpʌn(t)ʃlain/ n.  words giving the point of a joke or story (笑话或故事的)妙语；关键句

punch tape n. (also 亦作 punched tape)  a paper tape perforated according to a code, for conveying instructions or data to a data processor etc. 穿孔带

punch-up n. Brit. colloq.  a fist fight; a brawl [英口]打架；争吵

punchy /ˈpʌn(t)ʃi/ adj. (punchier, punchiest)  having punch or vigour; forceful 强有力的；有精力的；有力的 □ punchily  adv.  □ punchiness  n.  

puncta pl.  of PUNCTUM  

punctate /ˈpʌŋ(k)teit/ adj. Biol.  marked or studded with points, dots, spots, etc. 【生】有斑点的；有小眼(或小点、细孔等)的 □ punctation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin punctum (as POINT)]

punctilio /pʌŋ(k)ˈtiliəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a delicate point of ceremony or honour (仪式或荣誉的)细节 2  the etiquette of such points 细小礼节 3  petty formality 拘泥礼节形式 [Italian puntiglio & Spanish puntillo, diminutive of punto POINT]

punctilious /pʌŋ(k)ˈtiliəs/ adj.  1  attentive to formality or etiquette 拘泥于形式的；拘礼的 2  precise in behaviour (行为)小心谨慎的 □ punctiliously  adv.  □ punctiliousness  n.   [French pointilleux from pointille, from Italian (as PUNCTILIO)]

punctual /ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  observing the appointed time; neither early nor late 守时的；准时的 □ punctuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ punctually  adv.   [Middle English via medieval Latin punctualis from Latin punctum POINT]

punctuate /ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊeit, -tjʊ-/ v. tr.  1  insert punctuation marks in 在…中加标点符号 2  interrupt at intervals 不时打断  punctuated his tale with heavy sighs  他讲述的故事不时地被深深的叹息声所打断 [medieval Latin punctuare punctuat- (as PUNCTUAL)]

punctuation /pʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeiʃ(ə)n, -tjʊ-/ n.  1  the system or arrangement of marks used to punctuate a written passage 标点符号(体系) 2  the practice or skill of punctuating 加标点符号；标点法 [medieval Latin punctuatio (as PUNCTUATE)]

punctuation mark n.  a mark (e.g. a full stop, comma, etc.) used in writing to separate sentences and phrases etc. and to clarify meaning 标点符号(如句号、逗号等)

punctum /ˈpʌŋ(k)təm/ n. (pl. puncta /-tə/) Biol.  a speck, dot, spot of colour, etc., or an elevation or depression on a surface 【生】斑；点；色斑；隆起；凹陷 [Latin, = POINT]

puncture /ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a prick or pricking, esp. the accidental piercing of a pneumatic tyre 刺；扎(尤指意外扎破充气轮胎) 2  a hole made in this way (扎破的)小孔 ●v.  1 tr.  make a puncture in 在…上穿孔；刺穿… 2 intr.  undergo puncture 被穿孔；被刺穿 3 tr.  prick or pierce 刺穿；扎破 4 tr.  deflate (pomposity etc.); debunk 削弱(傲气等)；揭穿 [Middle English from Latin punctura, from pungere punct- ‘prick’]

pundit /ˈpʌndit/ n.  1 (also 亦作 pandit)  a Hindu learned in Sanskrit and in the philosophy, religion, and jurisprudence of India (精通印度的梵文、哲学、宗教及法学的)印度学者 2 often iron.  a learned expert or teacher [常讽]专家；老师 □ punditry  n.   [Hindustani pandit from Sanskrit pandita ‘learned’]

pungent /ˈpʌn(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  having a sharp or strong taste or smell, esp. so as to produce a pricking sensation (味道或气味)刺激的；辛辣的 2 (of remarks) penetrating, biting, caustic (言语)尖锐的；辛辣的；讥讽的 3  mentally stimulating (精神上)敏锐的 4 Biol.  having a sharp point 【生】锐利的 □ pungency  n.  □ pungently  adv.   [Latin pungent-, pres. part. of pungere ‘prick’]

Punic /ˈpju:nik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Carthage in N. Africa or its language (北非)古迦太基的；有关古迦太基的；古迦太基语的；有关古迦太基语的 ●n.  the language of Carthage, related to Phoenician 古迦太基语(与腓尼基语有关) [Latin Punicus, Poenicus from Poenus, from Greek Phoinix ‘Phoenician’]

Punic faith n.  treachery 背信弃义 [from the character attributed to the Carthaginians by the Romans]

punish /ˈpʌniʃ/ v. tr.  1  cause (an offender) to suffer for an offence 惩处，处罚(罪犯) 2  inflict a penalty for (an offence) 惩处，处罚(犯法行为) 3 colloq.  inflict severe blows on (an opponent) [口]严厉打击(对手) 4  a  tax severely; subject to severe treatment 严厉征收；严厉对待b  abuse or treat improperly 滥用；粗暴对待 □ punishable  adj.  □ punisher  n.  □ punishing  adj. (in sense 4a 用于释义 4 a)  □ punishingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French punir from Latin punire = poenire, from poena ‘penalty’]

punishment /ˈpʌniʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of punishing; the condition of being punished 处罚；惩罚 2  the loss or suffering inflicted in this 受罚；刑罚 3 colloq.  severe treatment or suffering [口]严厉的对待；损害 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French punissement, from punir]

punitive /ˈpju:nitiv/ adj. (also 亦作 punitory /-t(ə)ri/)  1  inflicting or intended to inflict punishment 处罚的；惩罚性的 2 (of taxation etc.) extremely severe (税收等)苛刻的 □ punitively  adv.   [French punitif -ive or medieval Latin punitivus (as PUNISHMENT)]

punitive damages n. pl. Law 【法律】  = VINDICTIVE DAMAGES 

Punjabi /pʌnˈdʒɑ:bi, pʊn-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. Punjabis)  1  a hist.  a native of the Punjab in India, now divided between India and Pakistan [史义]旁遮普人(现分属印度和巴基斯坦)b  a native of the state of Punjab in India or the province Punjab in Pakistan (印度的)旁遮普邦人；(巴基斯坦的)旁遮普省人 2  the language spoken in these areas 旁遮普语 ●adj.  of or relating to these areas, their inhabitants, or their language 旁遮普地区的；与旁遮普地区相关的；旁遮普居民的；旁遮普语的 [Hindi pañjɑˉbī]

punk /pʌŋk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a worthless person or thing (often as a general term of abuse) 废物；不中用的人；无用的东西(常作为谩骂用语)b  nonsense 废话 2  a (in full 全称 punk rock)  a loud fast-moving form of rock music with crude and aggressive effects “朋克”摇滚乐b (in full 全称 punk rocker)  a devotee of this “朋克”摇滚乐手(或爱好者) 3 N. Amer.  a hoodlum or ruffian [北美]无赖；流氓 4 US  a passive male homosexual [美]男同性恋者 5 US  an inexperienced young person; a novice [美]无经验的年轻人；新手 6  soft crumbly wood that has been attacked by fungus, used as tinder (点火用的)干燥朽木 ●adj.  1  worthless, rotten 无价值的；腐朽的 2  denoting punk rock and its associations “朋克”摇滚乐的；“朋克”摇滚乐社团的 □ punkish  adj.  □ punky  adj.   [17th c.: origin unknown, perhaps related to SPUNK]

punkah /ˈpʌŋkə, -kɑ:/ n.  1 (in India) a fan usu. made from the leaf of the palmyra (印度)蒲葵扇 2  a large swinging cloth fan on a frame worked by a cord or electrically (悬在梁上用绳拉动或电动的)布屏风扇 [Hindi pankhɑˉ ‘fan’ from Sanskrit pakṣaka, from pakṣa ‘wing’]

punnet /ˈpʌnit/ n. Brit.  a small light basket or container for fruit or vegetables [英] (盛放水果或蔬菜的)小篓；扁篮 [19th c.: perhaps diminutive of dialect pun POUND1]

punster /ˈpʌnstə/ n.  a person who makes puns, esp. habitually (尤指习惯)用双关语的人

punt1 /pʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  a long narrow flat-bottomed boat, square at both ends, used mainly for pleasure on rivers and propelled using a long pole (用篙撑的)方头平底船 ●v.  1 tr.  propel (a punt) with a pole 用篙撑(方头平底船) 2 intr. & tr.  travel or convey in a punt 乘方头平底船游览；用方头平底船运送 □ punter  n.   [Middle English via Middle Low German punte, punto & Middle Dutch ponte ‘ferry boat’ from Latin ponto, a Gaulish transport vessel]

punt2 /pʌnt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  kick (a ball, esp. in rugby and American football) after it has dropped from the hands and before it reaches the ground (尤指在英式橄榄球和美式橄榄球中)踢(悬空球) ●n.  such a kick 踢悬空球 □ punter  n.   [probably from dialect punt ‘push forcibly’: cf. BUNT3]

punt3 /pʌnt/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (in some card games) lay a stake against the bank (某些牌戏中)对庄家下赌注 2 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  bet on a horse etc. (对赛马等)下赌注b  speculate in shares etc. 投机(股票等) ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a bet [尤英]打赌 2  a point in faro (法罗牌戏中的)一分 [French ponter from ponte ‘player against the bank’, from Spanish punto POINT]

punt4 /pʊnt/ n.  the chief monetary unit of the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰镑(爱尔兰共和国主要货币单位) [Irish, = pound]

punter /ˈpʌntə/ n.  1 Brit.  a person who gambles or lays a bet [英]赌博者；下赌注的人 2 Brit. [英]  a colloq.  a customer or client; a member of an audience; a member of the general public [口]顾客，主顾；听众；观众b slang  a prostitute's client [俚语]嫖客 3  a point in faro (法罗牌戏中的)一分

puny /ˈpju:ni/ adj. (punier, puniest)  1  undersized 小型的 2  weak, feeble 弱小的；虚弱的 3  petty 次要的 □ punily  adv.  □ puniness  n.   [phonetic spelling of PUISNE]

pup /pʌp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a young dog 小狗 2  a young wolf, rat, seal, etc. 幼狼(或幼鼠、小海豹等) 3 esp. Brit.  an unpleasant or arrogant young man [尤英]令人讨厌的年轻人；狂妄自大的小伙子 ●v. tr. (pupped, pupping) (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a bitch etc.) bring forth (young) (母狗等)生(幼崽) □ in pup  (of a bitch) pregnant (母狗)怀胎的□ sell a person a pup  Brit.  swindle a person, esp. by selling something worthless [英] (尤指出售不值钱的东西)欺骗(某人) [back-formation from PUPPY, as if a diminutive ending in -Y2]

pupa /ˈpju:pə/ n. (pl. pupae /-pi:/)  an inactive immature form of an insect, being the resting stage between larva and adult, e.g. a chrysalis 蛹(如蝶蛹) □ pupal  adj.   [modern Latin from Latin pupa ‘girl, doll’]

pupate /pju:ˈpeit/ v. intr.  become a pupa 化蛹 □ pupation  n.  

pupil1 /ˈpju:pil, -p(ə)l/ n.  1  a person who is taught by another, esp. a schoolchild or student in relation to a teacher 学生(尤指中小学生) 2 Law  a trainee barrister 【法律】见习律师 □ pupillary  adj. (also 亦作 pupilary)   [Middle English, originally = orphan, ward, from Old French pupille or Latin pupillus, -illa, diminutive of pupus ‘boy’, pupa ‘girl’]

pupil2 /ˈpju:pil, -p(ə)l/ n.  the dark circular opening in the centre of the iris of the eye, varying in size to regulate the passage of light to the retina 瞳孔 □ pupillar  adj. (also 亦作 pupilar)  □ pupillary  adj. (also 亦作 pupilary)   [Old French pupille or Latin pupilla, diminutive of pūpa ‘doll’ (as PUPIL1): so called from the tiny reflected images visible in the eye]

pupillage /ˈpju:pilidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 pupilage)  1  the condition of being a pupil or student (中小)学生身份 2 Law  apprenticeship to a member of the Bar, qualifying a barrister to practise independently 【法律】见习律师

pupiparous /pju:ˈpip(ə)rəs/ adj. (of an insect) bringing forth young which are already ready to pupate (昆虫)蛹生的 [modern Latin pupipara, neut. pl. of pupiparus (as PUPA, parere ‘bring forth’)]

puppet /ˈpʌpit/ n.  1  a small figure representing a human being or animal and moved by various means as entertainment 木偶 2  a person whose actions are controlled by another 傀儡 □ puppetry  n.   [later form of POPPET]

puppeteer /pʌpiˈtiə/ n.  1  a person who works puppets 演木偶戏的人 2  a person who manipulates others 操纵他人的人 □ puppeteering  n.  

puppet state n.  a country that is nominally independent but actually under the control of another power (名义上独立而实际受强国支配的)傀儡国家

puppy /ˈpʌpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a young dog 小狗 2 colloq.  a conceited or arrogant young man [口]妄自尊大的小伙子；傲慢的年轻人 □ puppyhood  n.  □ puppyish  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps via Old French po(u)pee ‘doll, plaything, toy’ from Romanic (as POPPET)]

puppy fat n.  temporary fatness of a child or adolescent (儿童或青少年时期暂时的)儿时肥胖

puppy love n.  = CALF LOVE 

pur- /pɜ:/ prefix  = PRO-1  purchase  购买 pursue  追逐  [Anglo-French via Old French por-, pur-, pour- from Latin por-, pro-]

Purana /pʊˈrɑ:nə/ n.  any of a class of Sanskrit sacred writings on Hindu mythology, folklore, etc. 往世书(有关印度神话、民间故事等的梵文圣书) □ Puranic  adj.   [Sanskrit purɑˉna ‘ancient legend, ancient’ from purɑˉ ‘formerly’]

Purbeck marble /ˈpɜ:bek/ n. (also 亦作 Purbeck stone)  a hard usu. polished limestone from Purbeck in Dorset, used in pillars, effigies, etc. 波倍克石(常为磨光石灰岩，可作柱子、雕像等)

purblind /ˈpɜ:blaind/ adj.  1  partly blind; dim-sighted 半瞎的；半盲的；视力模糊的 2  obtuse, dim-witted 迟钝的；呆头呆脑的 □ purblindness  n.   [originally = completely blind: Middle English pur(e)blind from PURE, originally in the sense ‘utterly’, with assimilation to PUR-]

purchase /ˈpɜ:tʃis/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  acquire by payment; buy 购买；买 2  obtain or achieve at some cost (以某种代价)获得；赢得 3 Naut.  haul up (an anchor etc.) by means of a pulley, lever, etc. 【海】(用滑轮、杠杆等工具)提起(船锚等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of buying 购买，购置 2  something bought 购置物 3 Law  the acquisition of property by one's personal action and not by inheritance 【法律】(非继承性的)获得财产 4  a  a firm hold on a thing to move it or to prevent it from slipping; leverage 紧握；抓住；杠杆作用b  a device or tackle for moving heavy objects 起重装置；滑车(组) 5  the annual rent or return from land (土地的)年租；年收益 □ purchasable  adj.  □ purchaser  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French purchacer, Old French pourchacier ‘seek to obtain’ (as PUR-, CHASE1)]

purchase tax n. Brit. hist.  a tax on goods bought, levied at higher rates for non-essential or luxury goods [英史义] (对非生活必需品或奢侈品以高税率征收的)消费品零售税；购置税

purchasing power n.  1  a person's financial ability to make purchases (人的)购买力 2  the amount that a sum of money etc. can purchase (一定量货币等的)购买力

purdah /ˈpɜ:də/ n.  1  a system in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of screening women from men or strangers by means of a veil or curtain (穆斯林和某些印度教徒为使妇女不让男人或陌生人看见而使用面纱、帘遮挡的)深闺制度 2  a curtain in a house, used for this purpose (闺房中使用的)帘；帷幔 [Urdu & Persian pardah ‘veil, curtain’]

pure /pjʊə/ adj.  1  unmixed, unadulterated 纯的；不搀杂的  pure white  纯白 pure alcohol  纯酒精 2  of unmixed origin or descent 纯种的  pure-blooded  纯血统的 3  chaste 贞洁的 4  morally or sexually undefiled; not corrupt (道德)纯洁的；(性方面)有操守的；廉洁的 5  guiltless 无罪的 6  sincere 真诚的 7  mere, simple, nothing but, sheer 仅仅的；完全的；单纯的；十足的  it was pure malice  这完全是恶意 8 (of a sound) not discordant, perfectly in tune (声音)协调的；音调纯正的 9 (of a subject of study) dealing with abstract concepts and not practical application (研究课题)抽象的；纯理论的 10  a (of a vowel) not joined with another in a diphthong (元音)单元音的b (of a consonant) not accompanied by another (辅音)单辅音的 □ pureness  n.   [Middle English via Old French pur ‘pure’ from Latin purus]

pure-bred adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal) bred from parents of the same breed or variety; of unmixed ancestry (动物)纯种的；非杂交的 ●n.  such an animal 纯种动物

purely /ˈpjʊəli/ adv.  1  in a pure manner 纯粹地 2  merely, solely, exclusively 仅仅；单独地；专门地

pure mathematics  see 见 MATHEMATICS 1 

pure science n.  a science depending on deductions from demonstrated truths (e.g. mathematics or logic), or one studied without regard to practical applications 纯科学(如数学、逻辑)

purfle /ˈpɜ:f(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an ornamental border, esp. on a violin etc. (尤指小提琴等的)嵌边 2 archaic  the ornamental or embroidered edge of a garment [古义] (衣服的)饰边；花边 ●v. tr.  1  decorate with a purfle 用嵌边装饰 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  ornament (the edge of a building) 装饰(建筑物的边缘) 3  beautify 美化 □ purfling  n.   [Middle English from Old French porfil, porfiler, ultimately from Latin filum ‘thread’]

purgation /pɜ:ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  purification 净化 2  purging of the bowels (肠的)清洗 3  spiritual cleansing, esp. (RC Ch.) of a soul in purgatory (尤指天主教中的)赎罪 4 hist.  the action of clearing oneself of accusation or suspicion by an oath or ordeal [史义] (自诉或神明裁判的)证明无罪 [Middle English from Old French purgation or Latin purgatio (as PURGE)]

purgative /ˈpɜ:ɡətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  serving to purify 净化的，清洗的 2  strongly laxative 催泻的，通便的 ●n.  1  a purgative thing 净化剂 2  a laxative 泻药 [Middle English from Old French purgatif -ive or Late Latin purgativus (as PURGE)]

purgatory /ˈpɜ:ɡət(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition or supposed place of spiritual cleansing, esp. (RC Ch.) of those who die in the grace of God but have to expiate venial sins etc. (尤指天主教中的)炼狱 2  a place or state of temporary suffering or expiation 暂时受难(或赎罪)的地方(或情形) ●adj.  purifying 净化的 □ purgatorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French purgatorie, Old French -oire from medieval Latin purgatorium, neut. of Late Latin purgatorius (as PURGE)]

purge /pɜ:dʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll.by 常后跟 of, from)  make physically or spiritually clean (身体或精神上)使净化 2  remove by a cleansing process 清除，清洗 3  rid (an organization, party, etc.) of persons regarded as undesirable 肃清(组织、党派等) 4  a  empty (the bowels) 排清(肠)b  administer a laxative to empty the bowels of (用泻药)使通便 5 Law  atone for or wipe out (an offence, esp. contempt of court) 【法律】赎；消除(罪过，尤指藐视法庭罪) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of purging 净化；清除 2  a purgative 泻药 □ purger  n.   [Middle English via Old French purg(i)er from Latin purgare ‘purify’, from purus ‘pure’]

purify /ˈpjʊərifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (often foll.by 常后跟 of, from)  cleanse or make pure 使洁净；使净化 2  make ceremonially clean 从仪式上使纯洁(或洁净) 3  clear of extraneous elements 清除(无关成分) □ purification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ purificatory  /-fiˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.  □ purifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French purifier from Latin purificare (as PURE)]

Purim /ˈpʊərim, pʊˈri:m/ n.  a Jewish spring festival commemorating the defeat of Haman's plot to massacre the Jews (Esth. 9) 普林节(犹太教春节) [Hebrew, pl. of pūr, perhaps = LOT n. 2]

purine /ˈpjʊəri:n/ n.  1 Chem.  a cyclic organic nitrogenous base forming uric acid on oxidation 【化】嘌呤 2  any of a group of compounds with a similar structure, including the nucleotide constituents adenine and guanine 嘌呤的衍生物(包括鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤) [German Purin, from Latin purus ‘pure’ + uricum ‘uric acid’ + -in -INE4]

purist /ˈpjʊərist/ n.  a stickler for or advocate of scrupulous purity, esp. in language or art (尤指语言或艺术方面的)纯粹主义者，纯化论者 □ purism  n.  □ puristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.   [French puriste from pur PURE]

puritan /ˈpjʊərit(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (作 Puritan) hist.  a member of a group of English Protestants who regarded the Reformation of the Church under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship [史义]清教徒(英国基督教新教派中的一派，认为伊莉莎白女王领导下的教会改革不够彻底，转而寻求礼拜形式的简单化和规范化) 2  a purist member of any party (任何党派中的)纯粹主义者 3  a person practising or affecting extreme strictness in religion or morals (宗教或道德方面的)苦行僧；极端拘谨的人 ●adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 Puritan) hist.  of or relating to the Puritans [史义]清教徒的；与清教徒有关的 2  scrupulous and austere in religion or morals (宗教或道德方面)一丝不苟的；极拘谨的；苦行的 □ puritanism  n. (also 亦作 Puritanism)   [Late Latin puritas (as PURITY) on the pattern of earlier Catharan (as CATHAR)]

puritanical /pjʊəriˈtænik(ə)l/ adj. often derog.  practising or affecting strict religious or moral behaviour [常贬] (宗教或道德行为方面)苦行的；极拘谨的 □ puritanically  adv.  

purity /ˈpjʊəriti/ n.  1  pureness, cleanness 纯净，纯粹；洁净 2  freedom from physical contamination or moral pollution 清白；贞洁 [Middle English from Old French pureté, with assimilation to Late Latin puritas -tatis from Latin purus ‘pure’]

purl1 /pɜ:l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (of a knitting stitch) made by putting the needle through the front of the stitch from right to left (opp. 反义 PLAIN1 adj. 9) (编织针法)反针的，倒针的 ●n.  1  a cord of twisted gold or silver wire for bordering (绣边用的)金银绳 2  a chain of minute loops; a picot 小圈链；小圈边饰 3  the ornamental edges of lace, ribbon, etc. (编带、丝带等的)饰边 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  knit with a purl stitch 用反针编织，用倒针编织 [originally pyrle, pirle from Scots pirl ‘twist’: the knitting sense may be from a different word]

purl2 /pɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of a brook etc.) flow with a swirling motion and babbling sound (小溪等)回旋流动；潺潺地流 ●n.  this motion or sound 潺潺的流动；潺潺的声音 [16th c.: probably imitative: cf. Norwegian purla ‘bubble up’]

purler /ˈpɜ:lə/ n. Brit. colloq.  a headlong fall [英口]跟头 [purl ‘upset’, related to PURL1]

purlieu /ˈpɜ:lju:/ n. (pl. purlieus)  1  a person's bounds or limits (某人的)范围；界限 2  a person's usual haunts (某人)常去的地方 3 Brit. hist.  a tract on the border of a forest, esp. one earlier included in it and still partly subject to forest laws [英史义]森林边缘地(尤指先前为森林的一部分、仍受森林法保护的地区) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the outskirts; an outlying region 外围地区；边缘地区 [Middle English purlew, probably alteration (suggested by French lieu ‘place’) of Anglo-French purale(e), Old French pourallee ‘a going round to settle the boundaries’, from po(u)raler ‘traverse’]

purlin /ˈpɜ:lin/ n.  a horizontal beam along the length of a roof, resting on principals and supporting the common rafters or boards 桁条；檩条 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

purloin /pɜ:ˈlɔin/ v. tr. literary or joc.  steal, pilfer [文学用语] [诙]偷，偷窃；小偷小摸 □ purloiner  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French purloigner ‘put away, do away with’ (as PUR-, loign ‘far’ from Latin longe)]

purple /ˈpɜ:p(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a colour intermediate between red and blue 紫色 2 (in full 全称 Tyrian purple)  a crimson dye obtained from some molluscs 推罗紫(一种取自软体动物的染料) 3  a purple robe, esp. as the dress of an emperor or senior magistrate 紫袍，紫衣(尤指皇帝及高官所穿的袍服) 4  the scarlet official dress of a cardinal (红衣主教所穿的)大红袍 5 (prec. 前接 by the)  a position of rank, authority, or privilege 显位；王权；特权 ●adj.  of a purple colour 紫色的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become purple (使)成紫色 □ born in the purple   1  born into a reigning family 出身王室 2  belonging to the most privileged class 特权阶级的□ purpleness  n.  □ purplish  adj.  □ purply  adj.   [Old English, alteration of purpure purpuran from Latin purpura (as PURPURA)]

purple emperor n.  a large butterfly, Apatura iris, with purple wings 紫闪蛱蝶

purple heart n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a heart-shaped stimulant tablet, esp. of amphetamine [英口]紫心片(尤指安非他明) 2 (作 Purple Heart) (in the US) a decoration for those wounded in action (美国) (授予战斗中负伤者的)紫心勋章

purple passage n.  an ornate or elaborate passage in a literary composition 浮词丽句；辞藻华丽的章节

purple patch n.  1  = PURPLE PASSAGE  2 colloq.  a period of success or good fortune [口]成功时期；好运时期

purple prose n.  prose that is too elaborate or ornate 风格华丽的散文

purport v. & n. ●v. tr. /pəˈpɔ:t/  1  profess; be intended to seem 声称；意指，像是  purports to be the royal seal  像是玉玺 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) (of a document or speech) have as its meaning; state (文件或发言)意味着；陈述 ●n. /ˈpɜ:pɔ:t/  1  the ostensible meaning of something (事物的)表面含义 2  the sense or tenor (of a document or statement) (文件或声明的)意思；要旨 □ purportedly  /pəˈpɔ:tidli/ adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French purport, porport, from purporter, from medieval Latin proportare (as PRO-1, portare ‘carry’)]

purpose /ˈpɜ:pəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an object to be attained; a thing intended 目的；宗旨 2  the intention to act 意图；意向 3  resolution, determination 决意；决心 ●v. tr.  have as one's purpose; design, intend 决意(做)；打算(做)；试图(做) □ on purpose   intentionally 有意地□ to no purpose   with no result or effect 无结果地；无成效地□ to the purpose   1  relevant 有关的(地) 2  useful 有用的(地) [Middle English via Old French porpos, purpos from Latin proponere (as PROPOUND)]

purpose-built adj. Brit.  built or made for a specific purpose [英]专门建造(或制造)的

purposeful /ˈpɜ:pəsfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  having or indicating purpose 有目的的；表明目的的 2  intentional 有意图的 3  resolute 有决心的 □ purposefully  adv.  □ purposefulness  n.  

purposeless /ˈpɜ:pəslis/ adj.  having no aim or plan 无目的的；无计划的 □ purposelessly  adv.  □ purposelessness  n.  

purposely /ˈpɜ:pəsli/ adv.  on purpose; intentionally 特意地；有意地

purpose-made adj. esp. Brit.  made for a specific purpose [尤英]特意制造的

purposive /ˈpɜ:pəsiv/ adj.  1  having or serving a purpose 有目的的；服从目的的 2  done with a purpose 为某目的而做的 3 (of a person or conduct) having purpose or resolution; purposeful (人或行为)有目的的；果断的；有决心的 □ purposively  adv.  □ purposiveness  n.  

purpura /ˈpɜ:pjʊrə/ n. Med.  a rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels 【医】紫癜(病) □ purpuric  /-ˈpjʊərik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek porphura ‘purple’]

purpure /ˈpɜ:pjʊə/ n. & adj. Heraldry  purple 【纹章学】紫色(的) [Old English purpure & Old French purpre from Latin purpura (as PURPURA)]

purpurin /ˈpɜ:pjʊrin/ n.  a red colouring matter occurring naturally in madder roots, or manufactured synthetically (茜草根中的)红紫素；羟基茜草素

purr /pɜ:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a cat) make a low vibratory sound expressing contentment (猫)发出咕噜声(表示满意或满足) 2 intr. (of machinery etc.) make a similar sound (机器等)发出轰隆声 3 intr. (of a person) express pleasure by making low contented sounds (人) (高兴时)发出低而愉快的声调 4 tr.  utter or express (words or pleasure) in a contented or seductive way (用语言表示)满意 ●n.  a purring sound 咕噜声；嗬嗬声 [imitative]

purse /pɜ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small pouch of leather etc. for carrying money on the person (皮等制成的)小钱包 2 N. Amer.  a handbag [北美]手提包 3  a receptacle resembling a purse in form or purpose 钱袋状事物 4  money, funds 金钱；资金 5  a sum collected as a present or given as a prize in a contest 礼金；奖金 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll.by 常后跟 up)  pucker or contract (the lips) 使皱缩；使缩拢(嘴唇) 2 intr.  become contracted and wrinkled 缩拢；皱缩 □ hold the purse strings   have control of expenditure 控制开支 [Old English purs via medieval Latin bursa, byrsa ‘purse’ from Greek bursa ‘hide, leather’]

purser /ˈpɜ:sə/ n.  an officer on a ship who keeps the accounts, esp. the head steward in a passenger vessel (船上的)账目主管；(尤指客轮上的)事务长

purse seine n.  a fishing net or seine which may be drawn into the shape of a bag, used for catching shoal fish (用于捕捞浅海鱼的)围网 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : purse-seine vessels  围网鱼船 □ purse-seiner  n.  

purslane /ˈpɜ:slən/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Portulaca, esp. P. oleracea, with green or golden leaves, used as a herb and salad vegetable 马齿苋属植物(尤指马齿苋) [Middle English from Old French porcelaine (cf. PORCELAIN), alteration of Latin porcil(l)Saca, portulaca]

pursuance /pəˈsju:əns/ n. (foll. by 后跟 of)  the carrying out or observance (of a plan, idea, etc.) (计划、主意等的)实行；遵循

pursuant /pəˈsju:ənt/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  pursuing 追赶的；追寻的 ●adv. (foll. by 后跟 to)  conforming to or in accordance with 相符地；一致地 □ pursuantly  adv.   [Middle English, = prosecuting, from Old French po(u)rsuiant, part. of po(u)rsu(iv)ir (as PURSUE), assimilated to Anglo-French pursuer and PURSUE]

pursue /pəˈsju:/ v. (pursues, pursued, pursuing)  1 tr.  follow with intent to overtake or capture or do harm to 追寻；追逐；追捕；追杀 2 tr.  continue or proceed along (a route or course of action) 继续跟随(路线或行动方向) 3 tr.  follow or engage in (study or other activity) 追随；从事(研究或其他活动) 4 tr.  proceed in compliance with (a plan etc.) 继续进行(计划等) 5 tr.  seek after, aim at 寻求；追求 6 tr.  continue to investigate or discuss (a topic) 继续调查(或讨论) (某个话题) 7 tr.  seek the attention or acquaintance of (a person) persistently 执意寻求(某人)的注意(或了解) 8 tr. (of misfortune etc.) persistently assail (不幸等)纠缠 9 tr.  persistently attend, stick to 坚持参与；坚持 10 intr.  go in pursuit 追；追赶 □ pursuable  adj.  □ pursuer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French pursiwer, -suer = Old French porsivre etc., ultimately from Latin prosequi ‘follow after’]

pursuit /pəˈsju:t/ n.  1  the act or an instance of pursuing 追赶；追捕 2  an occupation or activity pursued 从事的职业(或活动) □ in pursuit of   pursuing 寻求；追求 [Middle English from Old French poursuite (as PUR-, SUIT)]

pursuivant /ˈpɜ:siv(ə)nt/ n.  1 Brit.  an officer of the College of Arms ranking below a herald [英] (纹章院的)纹章官助理 2 archaic  a follower or attendant [古义]随员；侍从 [Middle English from Old French pursivant, pres. part. of pursivre (as PURSUE)]

pursy /ˈpɜ:si/ adj.  1  short-winded; puffy 气短的；气急的 2  corpulent 肥胖的 □ pursiness  n.   [Middle English, earlier pursive, via Anglo-French porsif from Old French polsif, via polser ‘breathe with difficulty’ from Latin pulsare (as PULSATE)]

purulent /ˈpjʊərʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  consisting of or containing pus 化脓的；含脓的 2  discharging pus 流脓的 □ purulence  n.  □ purulency  n.  □ purulently  adv.   [French purulent or Latin purulentus (as PUS)]

purvey /pəˈvei/ v.  1 tr.  provide or supply (articles of food) as one's business 提供，供应(食物) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a  make provision 供应；承办b  act as supplier 做供应商 □ purveyor  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French purveier, Old French porveiir from Latin providēre PROVIDE]

purveyance /pəˈveiəns/ n.  1  the act of purveying 承办；供应 2 Brit. hist.  the right of the sovereign to provisions etc. at a fixed price [英史义] (按照固定价格提供货物的)王室征发权 [Middle English via Old French porveance from Latin providentia PROVIDENCE]

purview /ˈpɜ:vju:/ n.  1  the scope or range of a document, scheme, etc. (文件、计划等的)范围，领域 2  the range of physical or mental vision 视野；见识；眼界 [Middle English from Anglo-French purveü, Old French porveü, past part. of porveiir (as PURVEY)]

purée /ˈpjʊərei/ n. & v. ●n.  a pulp of vegetables or fruit etc. reduced to a smooth cream (蔬菜、水果等的)泥；酱 ●v. tr. (purées, puréed)  make a purée of 把(蔬菜、水果等)做成泥(或酱) [French, from purer ‘purify’]

pus /pʌs/ n.  a thick yellowish or greenish liquid produced from infected tissue, consisting of dead bacteria and white blood cells with tissue debris and serum 脓 [Latin pus puris]

push /pʊʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  exert a force on (a thing) to move it away from oneself or from the origin of the force 推开(某物)；推走(某物) 2 tr.  cause to move in this direction 使推动 3 intr.  exert such a force 推  do not push against the door  别推门 4 intr. & tr.  a  thrust forward or upward 向前推；向上推b  project or cause to project 突出；使突出  pushes out new roots  长出新根 the cape pushes out into the sea  海岬伸入大海 5 intr.  move forward by force or persistence 向前挤 6 tr.  make (one's way) by pushing 挤出(路)前进 7 intr.  exert oneself, esp. to surpass others 尽力(尤指去超过其他人) 8 tr. (often foll.by 常后跟 to, into, or to + infin.)  urge or impel 敦促；驱策 9 tr.  tax the abilities or tolerance of; press (a person) hard 竭尽(才能或对某事的容忍度)；逼迫(某人) 10 tr.  pursue (a claim etc.) 推行(主张等) 11 tr.  promote the use or sale or adoption of, e.g. by advertising (通过广告等)推广；推销 12 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  demand persistently 坚持要求  pushed hard for reform  坚持要求改革 13 tr. colloq.  sell (a drug) illegally [口]非法出售(毒品) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of pushing; a shove or thrust 推；搡；挤 2  the force exerted in this 推力 3  a vigorous effort 努力 4  a military attack in force 军事进攻 5  enterprise; determination to succeed 进取心；决心；求胜的劲头 6  the use of influence to advance a person 提携；推荐 7  the pressure of affairs (事情的)压力 8  a crisis 危机，紧要关头 □ be pushed for  colloq.  have very little of (esp. time) [口]缺少(尤指时间)□ get the push  Brit. colloq.  be dismissed or sent away [英口]被解雇，被辞退□ give a person the push  Brit. colloq.  dismiss or send away a person [英口]解雇，辞退(某人)□ push about  colloq. [口]  = push around □ push along  (often in imper. 常用于祈使句) Brit. colloq.  depart, leave [英口]离开，离去□ push around  colloq. [口]  1  move (a person) roughly from place to place 摆布，支使(某人) 2  bully 欺侮□ push one's luck   1  take undue risks 冒险做某事 2  act presumptuously 莽撞行事□ push off   1  push with an oar etc. to get a boat out into a river etc. (用桨等)把船撑入(河等)中 2 (often in imper. 常用于祈使句) colloq.  go away [口]走开□ push through   get (a scheme, proposal, etc.) completed or accepted quickly 尽快使(计划、建议等)完成(或被采纳)□ when push comes to shove  colloq.  when action must be taken; when a decision must be made [口]必须采取行动的时候；必须做出决定的时候 [Middle English via Old French pousser, pou(l)ser from Latin pulsare (as PULSATE)]

push-bike n. Brit. colloq.  a bicycle worked by pedals [英口]脚踏车，自行车

push-button n.  1  a button to be pushed esp. to operate an electrical device (尤指操纵电器的)按钮开关 2 (作 attrib.)  operated in this way 用按钮开关操纵的

pushcart /ˈpʊʃkɑ:t/ n.  a handcart or barrow 手推车，两轮手推车

pushchair /ˈpʊʃtʃɛə/ n. Brit.  a folding chair on wheels, in which a child can be pushed along [英] (幼儿用的)折叠式手推车

pusher /ˈpʊʃə/ n.  1 colloq.  an illegal seller of drugs [口]非法销售毒品者 2 colloq.  a pushing or pushy person [口]一意孤行者；莽撞的人 3  a child's utensil for pushing food onto a spoon etc. (儿童将食物推进汤匙等用的)拨具

pushful /ˈpʊʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  pushy; arrogantly self-assertive 莽撞的；独断专行的 □ pushfully  adv.  

pushing /ˈpʊʃiŋ/ adj.  1  pushy; aggressively ambitious 莽撞的；有进取心的 2 colloq.  having nearly reached (a specified age) [口]接近(某个年龄)的

pushover /ˈpʊʃəʊvə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  something that is easily done 容易做的事情 2  a person who can easily be overcome, persuaded, etc. 易被制伏(或说服等)的人

push-pull adj.  1  operated by pushing and pulling 靠推拉操作的 2 Electronics  consisting of two valves etc. operated alternately 【电子学】推挽式的

pushrod /ˈpʊʃrɒd/ n.  a rod operated by cams, that opens and closes the valves in an internal-combustion engine 挺杆(用于开闭内燃机阀门)

push-start n. & v. ●n.  the starting of a motor vehicle by pushing it to turn the engine (机动车辆)推车起动 ●v. tr.  start (a vehicle) in this way 推车起动(汽车)

Pushtu /ˈpʌʃtu:/ n. & adj.  = PASHTO  [Persian puštū]

push-up n.  = PRESS-UP 

pushy /ˈpʊʃi/ adj. (pushier, pushiest) colloq. [口]  1  excessively or unpleasantly self-assertive 固执己见的；一意孤行的 2  selfishly determined to succeed 自私好胜的 □ pushily  adv.  □ pushiness  n.  

pusillanimous /pju:siˈlæniməs/ adj.  lacking courage; timid 缺乏勇气的；胆怯的 □ pusillanimity  /-ləˈnimiti/ n.  □ pusillanimously  adv.   [ecclesiastical Latin pusillanimis, from pusillus ‘very small’ + animus ‘mind’]

puss /pʊs/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a cat (esp. as a form of address) 猫咪(尤作称呼) 2  a playful or coquettish girl 调皮(或卖弄风骚)的姑娘 3 Brit.  a hare [英]野兔 [probably from Middle Low German pūs, Dutch poes, of unknown origin]

puss moth n.  a large European moth, Cerura vinula 银色天社蛾(一种体大的欧洲蛾) [from its fluffy body]

pussy /ˈpʊsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 pussy cat) colloq.  a cat [口]猫咪 2 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  the vulva 女阴b offens.  women considered generally [冒犯] (泛指)妇女

pussyfoot /ˈpʊsifʊt/ v. intr.  1  move stealthily or warily 小心翼翼地走；蹑行 2  act cautiously or non-committally 谨慎行事；暧昧行事 □ pussyfooter  n.  

pussy willow n.  any of various willows with soft fluffy catkins appearing before the leaves 褪色柳

pustulate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈpʌstjʊleit/  form into pustules (使)生脓疱 ●adj. /ˈpʌstjʊlət/  of or relating to a pustule or pustules 脓疱的；与脓疱有关的 □ pustulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin pustulare from pustula PUSTULE]

pustule /ˈpʌstju:l/ n.  a pimple containing pus 脓疱 □ pustular  adj.  □ pustulous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French pustule or Latin pustula]

put1 /pʊt/ v. & n. ●v. (putting; past and past part. put)  1 tr.  move to or cause to be in a specified place or position 把…放在某个地方(或位置)  put it in your pocket  将它放在你的口袋里 put the children to bed  安排孩子们上床睡觉 put your signature here  在此签字 2 tr.  bring into a specified condition, relation, or state 使处于特定的环境(或关系、状态)  puts me in great difficulty  使我处境艰难 an accident put the car out of action  一场事故使汽车出故障 3 tr.  a (often foll.by 常后跟 on)  impose or assign 征(收)；推托  put a tax on beer  征收啤酒税 where do you put the blame?  你往哪里推卸罪责？b (foll.by 后跟 on, to)  impose or enforce the existence of 施加；实施  put a veto on it  对它实施否决 put a stop to it  使它终止 4 tr.  a  cause (a person) to go or be, habitually or temporarily 使(某人) (习惯性或临时地)成为  put them at their ease  使他们感到自在 put them on the right track  使他们走上正轨b refl.  imagine (oneself) in a specified situation 设想(自己)处在某种情形  put yourself in my shoes  如果你处在我的位置 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  substitute (one thing for another) (用一物)替代(另一物) 6 tr.  express (a thought or idea) in a specified way (以某种方式)表达(思想或观点)  to put it mildly  往轻处说 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  estimate (an amount etc. at a specified amount) 估计(某数额等)  put the cost at £ 50  估计成本为 50 英镑 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  express or translate in (words, or another language) (用言词或另一种语言)叙述；翻译 9 tr. (foll.by 后跟 into)  invest (money in an asset, e.g. land) 投(钱于某资产，如土地) 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  stake (money) on (a horse etc.) (在赛马等上)下(赌注) 11 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  apply or devote to a use or purpose 使(专)做(某种用处)  put it to good use  好好使用它 12 tr. (foll.by 后跟 to)  submit for consideration or attention 提出(以引起考虑或注意)  let me put it to you another way  让我以另一种方式向你解释 shall now put it to a vote  现在投票表决 13 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  subject (a person) to (death, suffering, etc.) 使(某人)遭受(死、苦难等) 14 tr.  throw (esp. a shot or weight) as an athletic sport or exercise 掷(尤指铅球或重物) 15 tr. (foll.by 后跟 to)  couple (an animal) with (another of the opposite sex) for breeding 使(动物)与(其异性)交配 16 intr. (foll. by 后跟 back, off, out, etc.) (of a ship etc.) proceed or follow a course in a specified direction (船等朝某个方向)前进；航行 17 intr. (foll.by 后跟 in, out of) US (of a river) flow in a specified direction [美] (河流向某个方向)流 ●n.  1  a throw of the shot or weight 掷铅球(铁饼) 2 Stock Exch.  the option of selling stock at a fixed price at a given date 【股】(抛售股票时限价限日的)约期 □ not know where to put oneself   feel deeply embarrassed 感到局促不安□ put about   1  spread (information, rumour, etc.) 散布(信息、谣言等) 2 Naut.  turn round; put (a ship) on the opposite tack 【海】(使)掉头；使(船)向后转 3 esp. Sc. & N. Engl.  trouble, distress [尤苏格兰和英格兰北部]使麻烦；使苦恼□ put across   1  make acceptable or effective 使接受；使有效 2  express in an understandable way 使…被人理解□ put away   1  put (a thing) back in the place where it is normally kept 把(东西)放回原位 2  lay (money etc.) aside for future use 储蓄(钱等) 3  a  confine or imprison 拘禁；关押b  commit to a home or mental institution 交托给家里(或精神病院) 4 colloq.  consume (food and drink), esp. in large quantities [口] (尤指大量地)吃；喝(食品或饮料) 5  put (an old or sick animal) to death 杀死(老或病的牲畜)□ put back   1  restore to its proper or former place 放回原处 2  change (a planned event) to a later date or time 推迟(已经计划妥的事情) 3  move back the hands of (a clock or watch) 把(钟或表的)指针向后拨 4  check the advance of 延缓□ put a bold etc. face on it   see 见 FACE □ put the boot in   see 见 BOOT1 □ put by   lay (money etc.) aside for future use 储蓄(钱等)□ put down   1  suppress by force or authority (用武力或权威)镇压；压制 2 colloq.  snub or humiliate [口]冷落；奚落 3  record or enter in writing 记录；写下 4  enter the name of (a person) on a list, esp. as a member or subscriber 记下(某人的)姓名(尤指作为订户) 5 (foll.by 后跟 as, for)  account or reckon 以为；认为 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  attribute 把…归因于  put it down to bad planning  将其归因于计划不善 7  put (an old or sick animal) to death 杀死(老或病的牲畜) 8  preserve or store (eggs etc.) for future use 保存；储藏(鸡蛋等) 9  pay (a specified sum) as a deposit 付(一笔钱)作定金 10  put (a baby) to bed 使(宝宝)入睡 11  land (an aircraft) 使(飞机)着陆 12  stop to let (passengers) get off 停下让(乘客)下车□ put an end to   see 见 END □ put one's finger on   see 见 FINGER □ put the finger on   see 见 FINGER □ put one's foot down   see 见 FOOT □ put one's foot in it   see 见 FOOT □ put forth   1 (of a plant) send out (buds or leaves) (植物)长出(芽或叶) 2 formal  submit or put into circulation [正式]提出；出版□ put forward   1  suggest or propose 建议；提议 2  advance the hands of (a clock or watch) 拨快(钟或表的)指针 3 (often 常作 refl.)  put into a prominent position; draw attention to 突出(自己)；使(自己)为别人注意□ put one's hands on   = lay one's hands on (see 见 LAY1) □ put in   1  a  enter or submit (a claim etc.) 提交；提出(要求等)b (foll.by 后跟 for)  submit a claim for (a specified thing) (为某件事)提交(要求) 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  be a candidate for (an appointment, election, etc.) 作为(任命、选举等的)候选人 3  spend (time) 花(时间) 4  perform (a spell of work) as part of a whole 度过(一段工作时间)；花费(一段时间做事) 5  interpose (a remark, blow, etc.) 插入(话语等)；打中(一拳等)□ put a person in mind of   see 见 MIND □ put it across  colloq.  get the better of, deceive (a person) [口]在…中占上风；欺骗(某人)□ put it to a person  (often foll.by 常后跟 that + clause)  challenge a person to deny 提请某人考虑□ put one's mind to   see 见 MIND □ put off   1  a  postpone 推迟；延期b  postpone an engagement with (a person) 推迟(与某人的)约会 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  evade (a person) with an excuse etc. (用借口等)敷衍(某人) 3  hinder or dissuade 妨碍；劝阻 4 Brit.  offend, disconcert; cause (a person) to lose interest in something [英]使厌恶；使困窘；使(某人对某事)失去兴趣□ put on   1  clothe oneself with (自己)穿上 2  cause (an electrical device, light, etc.) to function 开(电器、灯等) 3  cause (transport) to be available 使(运输)投入运营 4  stage (a play, show, etc.) 上演(戏剧、节目等) 5  advance the hands of (a clock or watch) 拨快(钟或表的)指针 6  a  pretend to be affected by (an emotion) 假装受(某种情绪的)影响b  assume, take on (a character or appearance) 装出，装成(某种性格或外貌)c (put it on)  exaggerate one's feelings etc. 装腔作势 7  increase one's weight by (a specified amount) 体重增加(某一份量) 8  send (a cricketer) on to bowl 派(投球手)上场 9 (foll.by 后跟 to)  make aware of or put in touch with 使意识到；使接触  put us on to their new accountant  让我们和他们的新会计接洽□ put one across (or over)  (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq. [口]  get the better of; trick 在…中占上风；欺骗□ put out   1  a (often as 常作 put out adj.)  disconcert or annoy 使困窘；使恼怒b (often 常作 refl.)  inconvenience 使不方便  don't put yourself out  别折腾自己了 2  extinguish (a fire or light) 熄灭(火或灯) 3  cause (a batsman or side) to be out 使(击球员或球队)出局(或退场) 4  dislocate (a joint) 使(关节)脱位 5  exert (strength etc.) 使出(力量等) 6  lend (money) at interest 贷出(钱) 7  allocate (work) to be done off the premises 把(工作)分配给他人做 8  blind (a person's eyes) 把(某人的眼睛)弄瞎□ put over   1  make acceptable or effective 使被接受；使有效 2  express in an understandable way (用易于了解的方式)表达 3 US  postpone [美]推迟；拖延 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on) US  achieve by deceit [美] (用欺骗手段)完成□ put the screws on   see 见 SCREW □ put a sock in it   see 见 SOCK1 □ put store by   see 见 STORE □ put through   1  carry out or complete (a task or transaction) 实施，完成(任务或交易) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  connect (a person) by telephone to another 为(某人)接通电话□ put to bed   see 见 BED □ put to flight   see 见 FLIGHT2 □ put together   1  assemble (a whole) from parts 把零件装配成(整体) 2  combine (parts) to form a whole 把(部分)组合成一体□ put two and two together   see 见 TWO □ put under   render unconscious by anaesthetic etc. (用麻醉剂等)使失去知觉□ put up   1  build or erect 建造；搭建 2  a  raise (a hand) to answer or ask a question 举(手)回答；举手问(问题)b  raise (one's hands) to indicate surrender 举(手)投降 3 esp. Brit.  increase (a price etc.) [尤英]提高(价格等) 4  take or provide with accommodation 得到膳宿；提供膳宿  friends put me up for the night  晚上朋友给我提供食宿 5  engage in (a fight, struggle, etc.) as a form of resistance 进行(战斗、斗争等) 6  present (a proposal) 提出(建议) 7  a  present oneself for election 参加竞选b  propose for election 推荐参加竞选 8  provide (money) as a backer in an enterprise 提供(资金) 9  display (a notice) 张贴；公布(通知) 10  publish (banns) 公布(结婚预告) 11  offer for sale or competition 把…拿出来出售(或竞争) 12  cause (game) to rise from cover 使(猎物)走出掩蔽处 13  put (a sword) back in its sheath 把(剑)放入剑鞘□ put upon  (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) colloq.  make unfair or excessive demands on; take advantage of (a person) [口]提出过分要求；提出过多要求；利用(某人)  was sorely put upon  痛遭人利用□ put up or shut up  colloq.  defend or justify oneself or remain silent [口]要么为自己辩护，要么保持沉默□ put a person up to   1  inform or instruct a person about 通知，告知(某人) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 verbal noun)  instigate a person in 唆使(或怂恿)某人做某事  put them up to stealing the money  唆使他们去偷钱□ put up with   endure, tolerate; submit to 忍受；容忍；听从□ put the wind up   see 见 WIND1 □ put a person wise   see 见 WISE1 □ put words into a person's mouth   see 见 MOUTH □ putter  n.   [Middle English from an unrecorded Old English word, of unknown origin]

put2 var.  of PUTT  PUTT 的变体

putative /ˈpju:tətiv/ adj.  reputed, supposed 普遍认为的；公认的  his putative father  公认是他父亲的那个人 □ putatively  adv.   [Middle English via Old French putatif -ive or Late Latin putativus from Latin putare ‘think’]

put-down n. colloq.  a snub or humiliating criticism [口]奚落(或羞辱)的批评

put-in n.  the act of putting the ball into a scrum in rugby (英式橄榄球并列争球时的)投球

putlog /ˈpʌtlɒɡ/ n. (also 亦作 putlock /-lɒk/)  a short horizontal timber projecting from a wall, on which scaffold floorboards rest 脚手架跳板搁材 [17th c.: origin uncertain]

put-on n. colloq.  a deception or hoax [口]欺骗；哄骗

put-put /ˈpʌtpʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  the rapid intermittent sound of a small petrol engine (小型汽油发动机发出的)噗噗声 ●v. intr. (put-putted, put-putting)  make this sound 噗噗作响 [imitative]

putrefy /ˈpju:trifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. & tr.  become or make putrid; go bad (使)腐烂；(使)败坏 2 intr.  fester, suppurate 化脓；腐烂 3 intr.  become morally corrupt (道德)堕落，腐化 □ putrefacient  /-ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  □ putrefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ putrefactive  /-ˈfæktiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin putrefacere, from puter putris ‘rotten’]

putrescent /pju:ˈtres(ə)nt/ adj.  1  in the process of rotting 正在腐烂的；正在腐败的 2  of or accompanying this process 腐烂的；伴有腐烂的 □ putrescence  n.   [Latin putrescere, inceptive of putrēre (as PUTRID)]

putrid /ˈpju:trid/ adj.  1  decomposed, rotten 腐烂的；坏死的 2  foul, noxious 恶臭的；有毒的 3  corrupt 堕落的，腐化的 4 slang  of poor quality; contemptible; very unpleasant [俚语]劣质的；不齿的；极讨厌的 □ putridity  /-ˈtriditi/ n.  □ putridly  adv.  □ putridness  n.   [Latin putridus, via putrēre ‘to rot’ from puter putris ‘rotten’]

putsch /pʊtʃ/ n.  an attempt at political revolution; a violent uprising 政变；暴动 [Swiss German, = thrust, blow]

putt /pʌt/ v. & n. (also 亦作 put) ●v. tr. (putted, putting)  strike (a golf ball) gently to direct it into or nearer to a hole on a putting green 轻击(高尔夫球)入穴(或靠近轻击区的球洞) ●n.  a putting stroke 轻击 [differentiated from PUT1]

puttee /ˈpʌti/ n.  1  a long strip of cloth wound spirally round the leg from ankle to knee for protection and support 绑腿，裹腿 2 US  a leather legging [美]皮护腿 [Hindi paṭṭī ‘band, bandage’]

putter1 /ˈpʌtə/ n.  1  a golf club used in putting (高尔夫球的)轻击球棒 2  a golfer who putts 轻击高尔夫球者

putter2 /ˈpʌtə/ n. & v.  = PUT-PUT  [imitative]

putter3 US var.  of POTTER1 [美] POTTER1 的变体

putting green n. (in golf) the smooth area of grass round a hole (高尔夫球)轻击区

putto /ˈpʊtəʊ/ n. (pl. putti /-ti/)  a representation of a naked child (esp. a cherub or a cupid) in (esp. Renaissance) art (尤指文艺复兴时期的)小孩裸像(尤指小天使或丘比特) [Italian, = boy, from Latin putus]

putty /ˈpʌti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cement made from whiting and raw linseed oil, used for fixing panes of glass, filling holes in woodwork, etc. (装玻璃或填洞等用的)油灰，腻子 2  a fine white mortar of lime and water, used in pointing brickwork, etc. (勾抹砖缝等用的)油灰 3  a polishing powder usu. made from tin oxide, used in jewellery work (通常由氧化锡制成的)宝石磨粉 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  cover, fix, join, or fill up with putty 用油灰(或腻子)抹盖(或固定、粘接、填补) □ be putty in a person's hands   be subservient to, or easily influenced by, a person 屈从他人；易受他人影响 [French potée, literally ‘potful’]

put-up adj. (usu. in phr. 通常用短语 put-up job)  fraudulently presented or devised 圈套的；阴谋设计的

put-you-up n. Brit.  a makeshift or temporary bed; a camp bed [英]临时床铺；行军床

puy /pwi:/ n.  a small extinct volcanic cone, esp. in the Auvergne, France 死火山锥(尤指法国奥弗涅的火山) [French, = hill, from Latin podium: see PODIUM]

puzzle /ˈpʌz(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a difficult or confusing problem; an enigma 难题，费解题；令人困惑的事(或人) 2  a problem or toy designed to test knowledge or ingenuity 智力题；智力玩具 ●v.  1 tr.  confound or disconcert mentally 使迷惑；使困窘 2 intr. (usu. foll.by 通常后跟 over etc.)  be perplexed (about) (对…)茫然不解 3 tr. (usu. as 通常作 puzzling adj.)  require much thought to comprehend 费心琢磨  a puzzling situation  令人费解的形势 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  solve or understand by hard thought 费心解决；费心理解 □ puzzlement  n.  □ puzzlingly  adv.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

puzzler /ˈpʌzlə/ n.  a difficult question or problem 难题

puzzolana var.  of POZZOLANA  POZZOLANA 的变体

PVA abbr.  polyvinyl acetate [缩略]聚醋酸乙烯酯

PVC abbr.  polyvinyl chloride [缩略]聚氯乙烯

PVS abbr. Med. [缩略]【医】  1  persistent vegetative state 持续性植物状态 2  post-viral (fatigue) syndrome (= ME 2) (疲劳)病毒后综合征

Pvt. abbr. [缩略]  1  private  2 US [美]  private soldier 

PW abbr. [缩略]  policewoman 

p.w. abbr.  per week [缩略]每星期

PWA n. (pl. PWAs) esp. US  person with Aids [尤美]艾滋病患者 [abbreviation]

PWR abbr.  pressurized-water reactor [缩略]加压水冷却反应堆

PX abbr. US [缩略] [美]  post exchange 

pyaemia /paiˈi:miə/ n. (US [美] pyemia)  blood poisoning caused by the spread of pus-forming bacteria in the bloodstream from a source of infection 脓毒症，脓血症 □ pyaemic  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek puon ‘pus’ + haima ‘blood’]

pycnic var.  of PYKNIC  PYKNIC 的变体

pye-dog /ˈpaidɒɡ/ n. (also 亦作 pie-dog, pi-dog)  a vagrant mongrel, esp. in Asia (尤指亚洲的)流浪野狗 [Anglo-Indian pye, paë, Hindi pɑˉhī ‘outsider’ + DOG]

pyelitis /paiəˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the renal pelvis 肾盂炎 [Greek puelos ‘trough, basin’ + -ITIS]

pyemia US var.  of PYAEMIA [美] PYAEMIA 的变体

pygmy /ˈpiɡmi/ n. (also 亦作 pigmy) (pl. -ies)  1  a member of a dwarf people of equatorial Africa and parts of SE Asia (赤道非洲和东南亚某些地区的)侏儒，矮子 2  a very small person, animal, or thing 特别矮小的人(或动物、东西) 3  an insignificant person 无足轻重的人 4 (作 attrib.)  a  of or relating to pygmies 侏儒的；与侏儒有关的b (of a person, animal, etc.) dwarf (人、动物等)矮小的 □ pygmaean  /-ˈmi:ən/ adj.  □ pygmean  /-ˈmi:ən/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin pygmaeus from Greek pugmaios ‘dwarf’, from pugmē ‘the length from elbow to knuckles, fist’]

pygmy chimpanzee  see 见 CHIMPANZEE 

pygmy hippopotamus  see 见 HIPPOPOTAMUS 2 

pyjamas /pəˈdʒɑ:məz/ n. pl. (US [美] pajamas)  1  a suit of loose trousers and jacket for sleeping in 睡衣裤 2  loose trousers tied round the waist, worn by both sexes in some Asian countries (一些亚洲国家男女常穿的)宽松裤 3 (作 pyjama) (作 attrib.)  designating parts of a suit of pyjamas 睡眠穿的  pyjama jacket  睡衣上衣 pyjama trousers  睡衣裤子 [Urdu and Persian, from pay ‘leg’ + jɑˉma ‘clothing’]

pyknic /ˈpiknik/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 pycnic) Anthropol. 【人】  ●adj.  characterized by a thick neck, large abdomen, and relatively short limbs 矮胖的 ●n.  a person of this bodily type 矮胖子 [Greek puknos ‘thick’]

pylon /ˈpailən, -ɒn/ n.  1  a tall structure erected as a support (esp. for electric power cables) or boundary or decoration (尤指动力线的)电缆塔；界标塔；装饰塔 2  a gateway, esp. of an ancient Egyptian temple (尤指古埃及庙宇的)塔式门楼 3  a structure marking a path for aircraft (机场的)标塔 4  a structure on the wing of an aircraft supporting an engine or weapon 吊架；外挂梁 [Greek pulōn from pulē ‘gate’]

pylorus /paiˈlɔ:rəs/ n. (pl. pylori /-rai/) Anat.  the opening from the stomach into the duodenum 【解】幽门 □ pyloric  /-ˈlɒrik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek pulōros, pulouros ‘gatekeeper’, from pulē ‘gate’ + ouros ‘warder’]

Pyongyang /ˈpjɒŋˈjæŋ/ n.  平壤 [朝鲜首都]

pyorrhoea /paiəˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] pyorrhea)  1  a disease of periodontal tissue causing shrinkage of the gums and loosening of the teeth 牙槽脓溢 2  any discharge of pus 脓溢 [Greek puo- (from puon ‘pus’) + rhoia ‘flux’ from rheō ‘flow’]

pyracantha /pairəˈkænθə/ n.  any evergreen thorny shrub of the genus Pyracantha, having white flowers and bright red or yellow berries 火棘属常青灌木 [Latin from Greek purakantha, the name of an unidentified plant, from pur ‘fire’ + akantha ‘thorn’]

pyralid /paiˈrælid, -ˈreil-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a small moth of the family Pyralidae (螟蛾科的)小飞蛾，螟蛾 ●adj.  of or relating to this family 螟蛾的；螟蛾科的 [modern Latin from Greek puralis, a mythical fly said to live in fire, from pur ‘fire’]

pyramid /ˈpirəmid/ n.  1  a monumental structure, usu. of stone, with a square base and sloping sides meeting centrally at an apex, esp. an ancient Egyptian royal tomb 锥形塔；(尤指古埃及的)金字塔 2  a polyhedron or solid figure of this type with a base of three or more sides 角锥体 3  a pyramid-shaped thing or pile of things 角锥形物；堆成角锥状的一堆东西 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a game played on a billiard table with (usu. fifteen) coloured balls and a cue ball (开盘时通常由 15 个彩球和 1 个主球摆成金字塔形的)金字塔式台球 □ pyramidal  /-ˈræmid(ə)l/ adj.  □ pyramidally  /-ˈræmid(ə)li/ adv.  □ pyramidic  /-ˈmidik/ adj. (also 亦作 pyramidical /-ˈmidik(ə)l/)  □ pyramidically  /-ˈmidik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Latin pyramis from Greek puramis -idos]

pyramid selling n.  a system of selling goods in which agency rights are sold to an increasing number of distributors at successively lower levels 宝塔式销售(一种营销方式)

pyre /paiə/ n.  a heap of combustible material, esp. a funeral pile for burning a corpse 燃料堆(尤指火葬用的柴堆) [Latin pyra from Greek pura, from pur ‘fire’]

pyrethrin /paiˈri:θrin/ n.  any of a class of compounds found in pyrethrum flowers and used in the manufacture of insecticides (用于制造除虫剂的)除虫菊酯

pyrethroid /paiˈri:θrɔid/ n. Chem.  any of a group of substances similar to pyrethrins in structure and properties 【化】拟除虫菊酯

pyrethrum /paiˈri:θrəm/ n.  1  any of several aromatic plants of the genus Tanacetum (daisy family), esp. T. coccineum 艾菊属(雏菊科)植物(尤指红花艾菊) 2  an insecticide made from the dried flowers of these plants, esp. Tanacetum cinerariifolium (尤指用除虫菊制成的)除虫菊杀虫剂 [Latin former genus name from Greek purethron ‘feverfew’]

pyretic /paiˈretik, pi-/ adj.  of, for, or producing fever 发热的；用于发热的；引起发热的 [modern Latin pyreticus from Greek puretos ‘fever’]

Pyrex /ˈpaireks/ n. propr.  a hard heat-resistant type of glass, often used for ovenware [商标]派莱克斯耐热玻璃 [invented word]

pyrexia /paiˈreksiə, pi-/ n. Med. 【医】  = FEVERn. 1a  □ pyrexial  adj.  □ pyrexic  adj.  □ pyrexical  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek purexis, via puressō ‘be feverish’ from pur ‘fire’]

pyridine /ˈpiridi:n/ n. Chem.  a colourless volatile odorous liquid, originally obtained from coal tar, used as a solvent and in chemical manufacture Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C5H5N 【化】吡啶，氮杂苯 [Greek pur ‘fire’ + -IDE + -INE4]

pyridoxine /piriˈdɒksin, -i:n/ n.  a vitamin of the B complex found in yeast, and important in the body's use of unsaturated fatty acids Also called 亦称作 vitamin B6 吡哆醇 [PYRIDINE + OX- + -INE4]

pyrimidine /piˈrimidi:n/ n.  1 Chem.  a cyclic organic nitrogenous base Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C4H4N2 【化】嘧啶 2  any of a group of compounds with similar structure, including the nucleotide constituents uracil, thymine, and cytosine 嘧啶衍生物 [German Pyrimidin from Pyridin (as PYRIDINE, IMIDE)]

pyrite /ˈpairait/ n.  = PYRITES  [French pyrite or Latin (as PYRITES)]

pyrites /paiˈraiti:z/ n. (in full 全称 iron pyrites)  a yellow lustrous form of iron disulphide 黄铁 □ pyritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  □ pyritiferous  /-riˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ pyritize  /ˈpairitaiz/ v. tr. (also -ise)  □ pyritous  /ˈpairitəs/ adj.   [Latin from Greek puritēs ‘of fire’, from pur ‘fire’]

pyro /ˈpairəʊ/ n. colloq. [口]  = PYROGALLIC ACID 

pyro- /ˈpairəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting fire 火 2 Chem.  denoting a new substance formed from another by elimination of water (pyrophosphate 焦磷酸盐) 【化】(脱水后的)焦 3 Mineral.  denoting a mineral etc. showing some property or change under the action of heat, or having a fiery red or yellow colour 【矿】(热作用后)火成的 [Greek puro- from pur ‘fire’]

pyroclastic /pairə(ʊ)ˈklæstik/ adj.  of or formed from fragments of rock from a volcanic eruption 火成碎屑的；由火成碎屑组成的 □ pyroclast  n.  

pyroclastic flow n. Geol.  a dense mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and often flowing at great speed 【地质】火成碎屑流，火山灰流

pyroelectric /ˌpairəʊiˈlektrik/ adj.  having the property of becoming electrically charged when heated (有)热电的 □ pyroelectricity  /-ˈtrisiti/ n.  

pyrogallic acid /pairə(ʊ)ˈɡælik/ n.  a weak acid used as a developer in photography, etc. 焦棓酸

pyrogallol /pairə(ʊ)ˈɡælɒl/ n.  = PYROGALLIC ACID 

pyrogenic /pairə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj. (also 亦作 pyrogenous /paiˈrɒdʒinəs/)  1  a  producing heat, esp. in the body (尤指体内)发热的b  producing fever 产生热的 2  produced by combustion or volcanic processes 火成的

pyrography /paiˈrɒɡrəfi/ n.  = POKERWORK 1 

pyrolyse /ˈpairəlaiz/ v. tr. (US [美] pyrolyze)  decompose by pyrolysis 使热(裂)解 [PYROLYSIS, on the pattern of analyse]

pyrolysis /paiˈrɒlisis/ n.  chemical decomposition brought about by heat 热(裂)解 □ pyrolytic  /pairəˈlitik/ adj.  

pyromania /pairə(ʊ)ˈmeiniə/ n.  an obsessive desire to set fire to things 纵火狂 □ pyromaniac  n.  

pyrometer /paiˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring high temperatures, esp. in furnaces and kilns (尤指测定熔炉和窑内温度的)高温计 □ pyrometric  /-rəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ pyrometrically  /-rəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ pyrometry  /-mitri/ n.  

pyrope /ˈpairəʊp/ n.  a deep red variety of garnet 镁铝榴石 [Middle English via Old French pirope and Latin pyropus from Greek purōpos ‘gold-bronze’, literally ‘fiery-eyed’, from pur ‘fire’ + ōps ‘eye’]

pyrophoric /pairə(ʊ)ˈfɒrik/ adj. (of a substance) liable to ignite spontaneously on exposure to air (物质)易生火花的 [modern Latin pyrophorus from Greek purophoros ‘fire-bearing’, from pur ‘fire’ + pherō ‘bear’]

pyrosis /paiˈrəʊsis/ n. Med.  a burning sensation in the lower part of the chest, combined with the return of gastric acid to the mouth 【医】胃灼热 [modern Latin from Greek purōsis, via puroō ‘set on fire’ from pur ‘fire’]

pyrotechnic /pairə(ʊ)ˈteknik/ adj.  1  of or relating to fireworks 烟火的；与烟火有关的 2 (of wit etc.) brilliant or sensational (机智等)令人目眩的；轰动的 □ pyrotechnical  adj.  □ pyrotechnist  n.  □ pyrotechny  /ˈpairə(ʊ)-/ n.   [PYRO- + Greek tekhnē ‘art’]

pyrotechnics /pairə(ʊ)ˈtekniks/ n. pl.  1 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the art of making fireworks 烟火制造术 2  a display of fireworks 放烟火 3  any brilliant display 出色的表演

pyroxene /paiˈrɒksi:n/ n.  any of a group of minerals commonly found as components of igneous rocks, composed of silicates of calcium, magnesium, and iron 辉石 [PYRO- + Greek xenos ‘stranger’ (because supposed to be alien to igneous rocks)]

pyroxylin /paiˈrɒksilin/ n.  a form of nitrocellulose, soluble in ether and alcohol, used as a basis for lacquers, artificial leather, etc. (生产漆、人造革等的)低氮硝化纤维素，焦木素，火棉 [French pyroxyline (as PYRO-, Greek xulon ‘wood’)]

pyrrhic1 /ˈpirik/ adj. (of a victory) won at too great a cost to be of use to the victor (胜利)得不偿失的；代价过大的 [from the name of Pyrrhus of Epirus, who defeated the Romans at Asculum in 279 BC, but sustained heavy losses]

pyrrhic2 /ˈpirik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a metrical foot of two short or unaccented syllables (诗歌韵律)二短音步，抑抑格 ●adj.  written in or based on pyrrhics 二短音步的，抑抑格的 [Latin pyrrhichius, from Greek purrhikhios (pous) ‘pyrrhic (foot)’, the metre of a song accompanying a war dance, named after Purrhikhos, inventor of the dance]

Pyrrhonism /ˈpirəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  the philosophy of Pyrrho of Elis (c. 300 BC), maintaining that certainty of knowledge is unattainable 皮朗主义(一种哲学观点，认为知识的确定性是无法得知的，因伊利斯人皮朗而得名) 2  scepticism; philosophic doubt 怀疑论；哲学的怀疑 □ Pyrrhonist  n. & adj.   [Greek Purrhōn ‘Pyrrho’]

pyruvate /paiˈru:veit/ n. Biochem.  any salt or ester of pyruvic acid 【生化】丙酮酸盐；丙酮酸脂

pyruvic acid /paiˈru:vik/ n.  an organic acid occurring as an intermediate in many metabolic pathways 丙酮酸 [as PYRO- + Latin uva ‘grape’]

Pythagoras' theorem /paiˈθæɡ(ə)rəs/ n.  the theorem attributed to Pythagoras (see 见 PYTHAGOREAN) that the square on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides 毕达哥拉斯定理，勾股定理

Pythagorean /paiˌθæɡəˈri:ən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Greek philosopher Pythagoras (6th c. BC) or his philosophy, esp. regarding the transmigration of souls 毕达哥拉斯的；与毕达哥拉斯有关的；毕达哥拉斯哲学的(尤指灵魂的转世) ●n.  a follower of Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯的追随者

Pythian /ˈpiθiən/ adj.  of or relating to Delphi (in central Greece) or its ancient oracle of Apollo (古希腊中部)特尔斐城的；与特尔斐城有关的，阿波罗的神谕所示的 [Latin Pythius from Greek Puthios, from Puthō, an older name of Delphi]

python /ˈpaiθ(ə)n/ n.  any non-venomous snake of the family Pythonidae, esp. of the genus Python, found throughout the tropics in the Old World, and killing prey by compressing and asphyxiating it (蟒蛇科的)无毒蛇(尤指蟒蛇，产于热带地区) □ pythonic  /-ˈθɒnik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek Puthōn, a huge serpent or monster killed by Apollo]

Pythonesque /paiθəˈnesk/ adj.  after the style of, or resembling the humour of, Monty Python's Flying Circus, a popular British television comedy series of the 1970s noted esp. for its absurdist or surrealist humour (追随 70 年代英国系列电视喜剧《蒙蒂·皮东的飞行马戏团》风格)荒诞喜剧的；超现实主义幽默的 [Monty Python 's Flying Circus + -ESQUE]

pythoness /ˈpaiθənis/ n.  1  the Pythian priestess (特尔斐城的)女祭司 2  a witch 女巫 [Middle English via Old French phitonise and medieval Latin phitonissa from Late Latin pythonissa, fem. of pytho, from Greek puthōn ‘soothsaying demon’: cf. PYTHON]

pyuria /paiˈjʊəriə/ n. Med.  the presence of pus in the urine 【医】脓尿 [Greek puon ‘pus’ + -URIA]

pyx /piks/ n. (also 亦作 pix)  1 Eccl.  the vessel in which the consecrated bread of the Eucharist is kept 【教会】圣体容器，圣饼盆 2 (in the UK) a box at the Royal Mint in which specimen gold and silver coins are deposited to be tested annually (英国) (皇家造币厂的)金银硬币样品盒(供每年检验金银币用) [Middle English from Latin (as PYXIS)]

pyxidium /pikˈsidiəm/ n. (pl. pyxidia /-diə/) Bot.  a seed capsule with a top that comes off like the lid of a box 【植】盖果 [modern Latin from Greek puxidion, diminutive of puxis: see PYXIS]

pyxis /ˈpiksis/ n. (pl. pyxides /-ˌdi:z/)  1  a small box or casket 小盒；小箱 2  = PYXIDIUM  [Middle English via Latin from Greek puxis, from puxos BOX3]

pzazz var.  of PIZAZZ  PIZAZZ 的变体

père /pɛə, 法 pɛr/ n. (added to a surname to distinguish a father from a son of the same name) the father, senior (cf. 参见 FILS2) 父亲(加于姓后，与子区别) [French, = father]

Père David's deer /pɛə ˈdeividz/ n.  a large slender-antlered deer, Elaphurus davidianus 麋鹿，四不像 [named after Father A. David, French missionary and naturalist, d. 1900]

pétanque /pəˈtæŋk, 法 petɑ˜k/ n.  a game similar to boule 法式滚球游戏 [French]

pêche Melba /peʃ ˈmelbə/ n.  = PEACH MELBA  [French]

pɑˆte /pɑ:t/ n.  the paste of which porcelain is made (制陶瓷用的)湿黏土 [French, = PASTE]

pɑˆté /ˈpætei/ n.  a rich paste or spread of mashed and spiced meat or fish etc. 肉酱(或鱼酱等) [French from Old French pasté (as PASTY1)]

pɑˆté de foie gras /də fwɑ: ˈɡrɑ:/ n.  a smooth rich paste of fatted goose liver 肥鹅肝酱 [French]

Q1 /kju:/ n. (also 亦作 q) (pl. Qs or Q's)  the seventeenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 17 个字母

Q2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Q.)  1  Queen, Queen's 女王(的)，王后(的) 2  question 问题，难题，议题 3 Theol.  used to denote the hypothetical source of the passages shared by the gospels of Matthew and Luke, but not found in Mark 【神】福音出处(被认为是《马太福音》和《路加福音》共有章节的出处，但在《马可福音》中没有这些章节) [sense 3 probably from German Quelle ‘source’]

Qantas /ˈkwɒntəs/ n.  the international airline of Australia (澳大利亚)康达斯国际航空公司 [abbreviation of Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services]

QARANC abbr.  Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps. [缩略] (英国)亚历山德拉王后皇家陆军护理队

Qatar   卡塔尔

Qatari /ˈkɑ:təri/ adj. & n.  卡塔尔的(人)

QB abbr.  Queen's Bench [缩略]英国高等法院

QC abbr. Law  Queen's Counsel [缩略]【法律】(女王的)王室法律顾问

QCD abbr.  quantum chromodynamics [缩略]量子色动力学

QED abbr. quod erat demonstrandum (= which was to be proved) [缩略]证明完毕

Q fever /kju:/ n.  a mild febrile disease caused by rickettsiae Q 热(发低烧的立克次氏体热病) [Q = query]

qibla var.  of KIBLAH  KIBLAH 的变体

Qld. abbr. [缩略]  Queensland 

QM abbr. [缩略]  quartermaster 

QMG abbr.  Quartermaster General [缩略]军需主任

QMS abbr.  Quartermaster Sergeant [缩略]军需军士

QPM abbr. (in the UK) Queen's Police Medal [缩略] (英国)女王公安勋章

qr. abbr. [缩略]  quarter(s) 

Q-ship /ˈkju:ʃip/ n. hist.  an armed and disguised merchant ship used as a decoy or to destroy submarines [史义] (用于诱惑敌人或摧毁潜水艇的)配备武器的伪装商船 [Q = query]

QSO abbr.  quasi-stellar object, quasar [缩略]类星体，类星射电源

q.t. n. colloq.  quiet (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 on the q.t. 秘密地，私下，暗地里) [口]寂静，平静 [abbreviation]

qt. abbr. [缩略]  quart(s) 

qu. abbr. [缩略]  1  query  2  question 

qua /kwei, kwɑ:/ conj.  in the capacity of; as being 以…的身份，资格；作为  Napoleon qua general  拿破伦以将军的身份 [Latin, ablative fem. sing. of qui ‘who’]

quack1 /kwæk/ n. & v. ●n.  the harsh sound made by ducks (鸭叫的)嘎嘎声 ●v. intr.  1  utter this sound 做鸭叫声 2 colloq.  talk loudly and foolishly [口]大声说蠢话，叽叽呱呱 [imitative: cf. Dutch kwakken, German quacken ‘croak, quack’]

quack2 /kwæk/ n.  1  a  an unqualified practiser of medicine 江湖郎中，冒牌医生，庸医b (作 attrib.)  of or characteristic of unskilled medical practice 冒牌医生的，庸医的  quack cure  假医术，骗人的疗法 2 slang  any doctor or medical officer [俚语]医生，医疗人员 3  a charlatan 冒充内行的人，江湖骗子 □ quackery  n.  庸医的骗术(行医)；江湖骗术□ quackish  adj.   [abbreviation of quacksalver from Dutch (probably from obsolete quacken ‘prattle’ + salf SALVE1)]

quad1 /kwɒd/ n. colloq.  a quadrangle [口]四边形；(尤指)正方形；长方形；四边形院子 [abbreviation]

quad2 /kwɒd/ n. colloq. [口]  = QUADRUPLET 1  [abbreviation]

quad3 /kwɒd/ n. Printing  a piece of blank metal type used in spacing 【印刷】(填空用的)无字铅条 [abbreviation of earlier QUADRAT]

quad4 /kwɒd/ n. & adj. ●n.  quadraphony 四声道立体声 ●adj.  quadraphonic 四声道立体声的 [abbreviation]

quadragenarian /ˌkwɒdrədʒiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 40 to 49 years old 40 至 49 岁的人 ●adj.  of this age 40 至 49 岁的 [Late Latin quadragenarius from quadrageni, distributive of quadraginta ‘forty’]

Quadragesima /kwɒdrəˈdʒesimə/ n.  the first Sunday in Lent 大斋节的第一个星期天 [Late Latin, fem. of Latin quadragesimus ‘fortieth’, from quadraginta ‘forty’, Lent having 40 days]

quadragesimal /kwɒdrəˈdʒesim(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a fast, esp. in Lent) lasting forty days (尤指大斋节期间)四旬斋期的 2  Lenten 大斋节的

quadrangle /ˈkwɒdræŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a four-sided plane figure, esp. a square or rectangle 四边形，(尤指)正方形，长方形 2  a  a four-sided court, esp. enclosed by buildings, as in some colleges (尤指四周由大型建筑物围绕的)四边形庭院；方型庭院(如有些学院的庭院)b  such a court with the buildings round it 四边形院子 □ quadrangular  /-ˈræŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  有四边的，四边形的 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin quadrangulum ‘square’, neut. of quadrangulus (as QUADRI-, ANGLE1)]

quadrant /ˈkwɒdr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a quarter of a circle's circumference 1/4 圆周， 90 度弧 2  a plane figure enclosed by two radii of a circle at right angles and the arc cut off by them (直角)扇面形 3  a quarter of a sphere or spherical body 1/4 球体， 1/4 球面体 4  any of four parts of a plane divided by two lines at right angles 一个(被两条直角相交线所分割的)1/4 部分；象限 5  a  a thing, esp. a graduated strip of metal, shaped like a quarter-circle (1/4 圆的)扇形体，扇形板(尤指有刻度的金属物)b  an instrument graduated (esp. through an arc of 90°) for taking angular measurements 象限仪，四分仪 □ quadrantal  /-ˈdrænt(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin quadrans -antis ‘quarter’, from quattuor ‘four’]

quadraphonic /kwɒdrəˈfɒnik/ adj. (also 亦作 quadrophonic) (of sound reproduction) using four transmission channels (指录放音)四声道的 □ quadraphonically  adv.  □ quadraphonics  n. pl.  □ quadraphony  /-ˈdrɒf(ə)ni/ n.   [QUADRI- + STEREOPHONIC]

quadrat /ˈkwɒdrət/ n. Ecol.  a small square area marked out for study 【态】样方(用来进行生态调查的一块方形地) [variant of QUADRATE]

quadrate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈkwɒdrət/ esp. Anat. & Zool.  square or rectangular (尤)【解】【动】正方形的，长方形的  quadrate bone  方骨 quadrate muscle  方肌 ●n. /ˈkwɒdrət/  1  a quadrate bone or muscle 方骨；方肌 2  a rectangular object 长方形物体 ●v. /kwɒˈdreit, ˈkwɒdreit/  1 tr.  make square 使成方形 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  conform or make conform (使)适合，(使)一致 [Middle English from Latin quadrare quadrat- ‘make square’, from quattuor ‘four’]

quadratic /kwɒˈdrætik/ adj. & n. Math. 【数】  ●adj.  1  involving the second and no higher power of an unknown quantity or variable 二次的，平方的  quadratic equation  二次方程式 2  square 正方形的，方形的 ●n.  1  a quadratic equation (代数)二次方程式 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the branch of algebra dealing with these 二次方程式论 [French quadratique or modern Latin quadraticus (as QUADRATE)]

quadrature /ˈkwɒdrətʃə/ n.  1 Math.  the process of constructing a square with an area equal to that of a figure bounded by a curve, e.g. a circle 【数】求积分，求面积 2 Astron. 【天】  a  each of two points at which the moon is 90° from the sun as viewed from earth 月的上(下)弦；方照b  the position of a celestial body in relation to another 90° away 正交，转象差， 90 度相位差 [French quadrature or Latin quadratura (as QUADRATE)]

quadrennial /kwɒˈdreniəl/ adj.  1  lasting four years 持续四年的 2  recurring every four years 每四年一次的 □ quadrennially  adv.   [as QUADRENNIUM]

quadrennium /kwɒˈdreniəm/ n. (pl. quadrenniums or quadrennia /-niə/)  a period of four years 四年 [Latin quadriennium (as QUADRI-, annus ‘year’)]

quadri- /ˈkwɒdri/ comb. form  denoting four [构词成分]表示“四” [Latin from quattuor ‘four’]

quadric /ˈkwɒdrik/ adj. & n. Geom. 【几】  ●adj. (of a surface) described by an equation of the second degree 二次的，二次曲面的 ●n.  a quadric surface 二次曲面 [Latin quadra ‘square’]

quadriceps /ˈkwɒdriseps/ n. Anat.  a four-headed muscle at the front of the thigh 【解】四头肌 [modern Latin (as QUADRI-, BICEPS)]

quadrifid /ˈkwɒdrifid/ adj. Bot.  having four divisions or lobes 【植】四分裂的，分成四部分的，四裂叶的 [Latin quadrifidus (as QUADRI-, findere fid- ‘cleave’)]

quadrilateral /kwɒdriˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having four sides 四边(形)的 ●n.  a four-sided figure 四边形 [Late Latin quadrilaterus (as QUADRI-, latus lateris ‘side’)]

quadrille1 /kwəˈdril/ n.  1  a square dance containing usu. five figures 方阵舞 2  the music for this 方阵舞曲 [French, via Spanish cuadrilla ‘troop, company’ from cuadra ‘square’, or Italian quadriglia from quadra ‘square’]

quadrille2 /kwəˈdril/ n.  a card game for four players with forty cards, fashionable in the 18th c. “打四十张”牌戏 (18 世纪流行的由 4 人玩 40 张牌) [French, perhaps via Spanish cuartillo from cuarto ‘fourth’, assimilated to QUADRILLE1]

quadrillion /kwɒˈdriljən/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or quadrillions)  a thousand raised to the fifth (or formerly, esp. Brit., the eighth) power (1015 and 1024 respectively) 1015 (1000 的 5 次方)；(旧时尤指英国)1024(1000 的 8 次方) [French (as QUADRI-, MILLION)]

quadrinomial /kwɒdriˈnəʊmiəl/ n. & adj. Math. 【数】  ●n.  an expression of four algebraic terms 四项式 ●adj.  of or being a quadrinomial 四项式的 [QUADRI- + Greek nomos ‘part, portion’]

quadripartite /kwɒdriˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  1  consisting of four parts 由四个部分组成的 2  shared by or involving four parties 由四方参加的

quadriplegia /kwɒdriˈpli:dʒə/ n. Med.  paralysis of all four limbs 【医】四肢瘫痪 □ quadriplegic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin (as QUADRI-, Greek plēgē ‘blow, strike’)]

quadrivalent /kwɒdriˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem. 【化】  = TETRAVALENT 

quadrivium /kwɒˈdriviəm/ n. hist.  a medieval university course of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music [史义]四艺(中世纪大学里开设的课程，指算术、几何、天文、音乐) [Latin, = the place where four roads meet (as QUADRI-, via ‘road’)]

quadroon /kwɒˈdru:n/ n.  the offspring of a white person and a mulatto; a person of one-quarter Negro blood 白人与黑白混血儿的混血后代；有四分之一黑人血统的混血儿 [Spanish cuarterón from cuarto ‘fourth’, assimilated to QUADRI-]

quadrophonic var.  of QUADRAPHONIC  QUADRAPHONIC 的变体

quadrumanous /kwɒˈdru:mənəs, kwɒdrʊˈmɑ:nəs/ adj. (of primates other than humans) four-handed, i.e. with opposable digits on all four limbs (人类之外的灵长类动物)四肢具有手功能的 [modern Latin quadrumana, neut. pl. of quadrumanus (as QUADRI-, Latin manus ‘hand’)]

quadruped /ˈkwɒdrʊped/ n. & adj. ●n.  a four-footed animal, esp. a four-footed mammal 四足动物(尤指哺乳动物) ●adj.  four-footed 有四足的，四足动物的 □ quadrupedal  /-ˈpi:d(ə)l, -ˈru:pid(ə)l/ adj.   [French quadrupède or Latin quadrupes -pedis from quadru-, variant of QUADRI- + Latin pes ped- ‘foot’]

quadruple /ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)l, kwɒˈdru:p(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  fourfold 四倍的，四重的 2  a  having four parts 由四部组成的b  involving four participants 有四方参加的  quadruple alliance  四方联盟 3  being four times as many or as much 四倍于 4 (of time in music) having four beats in a bar (音乐的)四节拍 ●n.  a fourfold number or amount 四倍，四倍量 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by four; increase fourfold 乘以四，增加到四倍 □ quadruply  adv.   [French from Latin quadruplus (as QUADRI-, -plus as in duplus DUPLE)]

quadruplet /ˈkwɒdrʊplit, kwɒˈdru:plit/ n.  1  each of four children born at one birth 四胞胎之一 2  a set of four things in combination 四个为一组 3 Mus.  a group of four notes to be performed in the time of three 【音】四连音符(三节拍内融入四个音符) [QUADRUPLE, on the pattern of triplet]

quadruplicate adj. & v. ●adj. /kwɒˈdru:plikət/  1  fourfold 四倍的，四重的 2  of which four copies are made (文件等)一式四份的 ●v. tr. /kwɒˈdru:plikeit/  1  multiply by four 以四乘，使成四倍 2  make four identical copies of 使做成一式四份 □ in quadruplicate   in four identical copies 一式四份地(的)□ quadruplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin quadruplicare from quadruplex -plicis ‘fourfold’: cf. QUADRUPED, DUPLEX]

quadruplicity /kwɒdrʊˈplisiti/ n.  the state of being fourfold 四重，四倍 [Latin quadruplex -plicis (see QUADRUPLICATE), on the pattern of duplicity]

quaestor /ˈkwi:stə/ n.  either of two ancient Roman magistrates with mainly financial responsibilities (古罗马)财务官 □ quaestorial  /-ˈstɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ quaestorship  n.   [Middle English from Latin, from quaerere quaesit- ‘seek’]

quaff /kwɒf, kwɑ:f/ v. literary [文学用语]  1 tr. & intr.  drink deeply 痛饮 2 tr.  drain (a cup etc.) in long draughts 大口大口地喝 □ quaffable  adj.  □ quaffer  n.   [16th c.: perhaps from Middle Low German quassen ‘eat or drink immoderately’]

quag /kwæɡ, kwɒɡ/ n.  a marshy or boggy place 沼泽，湿地 □ quaggy  adj.   [related to dialect verb quag = shake: probably imitative]

quagga /ˈkwæɡə/ n.  an extinct zebra formerly native to S. Africa, which was yellowish-brown with stripes on the head, neck, and forebody (已绝种的)南非小斑马(身体黄褐色，头、颈与前体有条纹) [Nama qua-ha']

quagmire /ˈkwæɡmaiə, ˈkwɒɡ-/ n.  1  a soft boggy or marshy area that gives way underfoot 沼泽地 2  a hazardous or awkward situation 困境 [QUAG + MIRE]

quahog /ˈkwɔ:hɒɡ, ˈkwɑ:-/ n. (also 亦作 quahaug /-hɔ:ɡ/) US  the edible round clam, Venus mercenaria, of the Atlantic coast of N. America [美]圆蛤(北美大西洋沿岸所产的一种蚌蜊) [Narragansett]

quaich /kweik, -x/ n. (also 亦作 quaigh) Sc.  a kind of drinking cup, usu. of wood and with two handles [苏格兰] (木质)耳形双把小酒碗 [Gaelic cuach ‘cup’, probably from Latin caucus]

quail1 /kweil/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or quails)  any small short-tailed game bird of the genus Coturnix, related to the partridge, esp. the migratory C. coturnix 鹌鹑 [Middle English via Old French quaille from medieval Latin coacula (probably imitative)]

quail2 /kweil/ v. intr.  flinch; be apprehensive with fear 畏缩，胆怯 [Middle English, of unknown origin]

quaint /kweint/ adj.  1  piquantly or attractively unfamiliar or old-fashioned 稀奇古怪的，离奇有趣的，古雅的 2  daintily odd 精致而不寻常的；别致的 □ quaintly  adv.  □ quaintness  n.   [earlier senses ‘wise, cunning’: Middle English via Old French cointe from Latin cognitus, past part. of cognoscere ‘ascertain’]

quake /kweik/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  shake, tremble 震动，颤动 2  rock to and fro 摇晃 3 (of a person) shake or shudder (指人)颤抖；战栗  was quaking with fear  因恐惧而发抖 ●n.  1 colloq.  an earthquake [口]地震 2  an act of quaking 抖动；颤动；震动；摇晃 □ quaky  adj. (quakier, quakiest)   [Old English cwacian]

Quaker /ˈkweikə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of the Society of Friends, a Christian movement devoted to peaceful principles and eschewing formal doctrine, sacraments, and ordained ministers 公谊会信徒，贵格会信徒，教友派信徒(基督教教派，主张和平，无任何正式仪式及固定教义等) ●adj.  of or relating to Quakers 公谊会(贵格会、教友派)的 □ Quakerish  adj.  □ Quakerism  n.   [QUAKE + -ER1: originally derog., perhaps from its founder's direction to ‘tremble at the name of the Lord’, or from fits supposedly suffered when moved by the Spirit]

quaking-grass n.  any grass of the genus Briza, having slender stalks and trembling in the wind Also called 亦称作 dodder-grass 凌风草

qualification /ˌkwɒlifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of qualifying 资格评定；赋予资格；取得资格 2  an accomplishment fitting a person for a position or purpose 资格(证明)；合格(证书) 3  a  a circumstance, condition, etc., that modifies or limits 限定条件，限制  the statement had many qualifications  该声明包含诸多限制条款b  a thing that detracts from completeness or absoluteness 缺憾，美中不足  their relief had one qualification  在他们的宽慰中尚存一种缺憾 4  a condition that must be fulfilled before a right can be acquired etc. 先决条件；前提；保留 5  an attribution of a quality 归属，描述  the qualification of our policy as opportunist is unfair  把我们的政策称为机会主义是不公正的 □ qualificatory  /ˈkwɒlifikeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [French qualification or medieval Latin qualificatio (as QUALIFY)]

qualify /ˈkwɒlifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  make competent or fit for a position or purpose 使具有资格，使合格，使胜任 2 tr.  make legally entitled 使合法，取得法律上的权利 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) (of a person) satisfy the conditions or requirements (for a position, award, competition, etc.) (指人) (对某一职位、奖项、比赛等)具有合格资质，具备合格条件 4 tr.  add reservations to; modify or make less absolute (a statement or assertion) 限制，限定，修正(声明或主张) 5 tr. Gram. (of a word, esp. an adjective) attribute a quality to another word, esp. a noun 【语法】(尤指形容词对名词的)限定，修饰 6 tr.  moderate, mitigate; make less severe or extreme 使缓和，减轻，减缓 7 tr.  alter the strength or flavour of 改变…的浓度(或香味) 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 as)  attribute a specified quality to; describe as 归属于；描述为  the idea was qualified as absurd  将该意见称为荒唐之见 9 tr. (as 作 qualifying adj.)  serving to determine those that qualify 作资格鉴定的  qualifying examination  资格鉴定考试 □ qualifiable  adj.  □ qualifier  n.   [French qualifier via medieval Latin qualificare from Latin qualis ‘such as’]

qualitative /ˈkwɒlitətiv/ adj.  concerned with or depending on quality 性质的，质量的，与性质或质量有关的  led to a qualitative change in society  引发社会质变 □ qualitatively  adv.   [Late Latin qualitativus (as QUALITY)]

qualitative analysis n. Chem.  detection of the constituents, as elements, functional groups, etc., present in a substance (cf. 参见 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS) 【化】定性分析

quality /ˈkwɒliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the degree of excellence of a thing 质量，品质  of good quality  高品质的 poor in quality  质量差的 2  a  general excellence 优质  their work has quality  他们的工作质量优良b (作 attrib.)  of high quality 优质的，高级的  a quality product  优质产品 3  a distinctive attribute or faculty; a characteristic trait 属性，特征，特性 4  the relative nature or kind or character of a thing 特点，特色  is made in three qualities  具有三个特点 5  a  the distinctive timbre of a voice or sound 音色，音质b Phonet.  the distinguishing characteristic or characteristics of a sound 【语音】音值 6 archaic  high social standing [古义]高位，显赫的社会地位  people of quality  达官贵人 7 Logic  the property of a proposition's being affirmative or negative 【逻辑学】质 [Middle English via Old French qualité from Latin qualitas -tatis, from qualis ‘of what kind’]

quality control n.  a system of maintaining standards in manufactured products by testing a sample of the output against the specification 质量控制，质量管理 □ quality controller  n.  

quality paper n. (also 亦作 quality newspaper)  a newspaper considered to be of a high cultural standard (文化品味高的)大报，刊物

quality time n.  time spent productively or profitably, esp. with reference to the limited time working parents can spend with their children 珍贵时间(尤指上班族家长能与子女相聚的时间)

qualm /kwɑ:m, kwɔ:m/ n.  1  a misgiving; an uneasy doubt esp. about one's own conduct 疑虑；担忧(尤指对自己的行为) 2  a scruple of conscience 内疚；良心不安 3  a momentary faint or sick feeling (一阵)眩晕，恶心，不适 □ qualmish  adj.   [16th c.: origin uncertain]

quandary /ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a state of perplexity 困惑；不知所措 2  a difficult situation; a practical dilemma 困境，进退两难的窘境 [16th c.: origin uncertain]

quango /ˈkwæŋɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit.  a semi-public body with financial support from and senior appointments made by the government [英] (由政府赞助并指派高级职员的)准自治机构 [abbreviation of quasi (or quasi-autonomous) non-government(al) organization]

quant /kwɒnt, kwænt/ n. & v. ●n. Brit.  a punting-pole with a prong at the bottom to prevent it sinking into the mud, as used by Norfolk bargemen etc. [英] (诺福克郡等处驳船上用的一头带有凸起以防陷入泥中的)篙 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  propel (a boat) with a quant 用篙撑(船) [Middle English, perhaps via Latin contus from Greek kontos ‘boat-pole’]

quanta pl.  of QUANTUM  

quantal /ˈkwɒnt(ə)l/ adj.  1  composed of discrete units; varying in steps, not continuously 量子的，量变的 2  of or relating to a quantum or quantum theory (有关)量子(论)的 □ quantally  adv.   [Latin quantus ‘how much’]

quantic /ˈkwɒntik/ n. Math.  a rational integral homogeneous function of two or more variables 【数】齐式，多元齐次多项式

quantify /ˈkwɒntifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  determine the quantity of 确定…的数量 2  measure or express as a quantity 测量，用数量表示 3 Logic  define the application of (a term or proposition) by the use of all, some, etc. , e.g. 例 : ‘for all x if x is A then x is B’ 【逻辑学】使量化，用 all 、 some 等限定(命题等) □ quantifiable  adj.  □ quantifiability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ quantification  /ˌkwɒntifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ quantifier  n.   [medieval Latin quantificare (as QUANTAL)]

quantitative /ˈkwɒntitətiv, -teitiv/ adj.  1  a  concerned with quantity 量的，数量的b  measured or measurable by quantity (能)用数量表示的；(能)定量的 2  of or based on the quantity of syllables 音量的 □ quantitatively  adv.   [medieval Latin quantitativus (as QUANTITY)]

quantitative analysis n. Chem.  measurement of the amounts of the constituents of a substance (cf. 参见 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS) 【化】定量分析

quantitive /ˈkwɒntitiv/ adj.  = QUANTITATIVE  □ quantitively  adv.  

quantity /ˈkwɒntiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  that property of things that is (in principle) measurable 量 2  the size or extent or weight or amount or number 大小；重量；数量；数目 3  a specified or considerable portion or number or amount (一定的或相当大的)数目；数量  buys in quantity  大量购货 the quantity of heat in a body  体内热量 4 (in pl. 用复数)  large amounts or numbers; an abundance 大量，大批；丰富，充裕  quantities of food  大量食品 is found in quantities on the shore  在海滩上大量发现 5  the length or shortness of vowel sounds or syllables 音量(指元音或音节的长短) 6 Math. 【数】  a  a value, component, etc. that may be expressed in numbers 量b  the figure or symbol representing this 表示量的数字或符号 [Middle English via Old French quantité from Latin quantitas -tatis, from quantus ‘how much’]

quantity mark n.  a mark put over a vowel etc. to indicate its length (标于元音上的)音量号

quantity surveyor n. Brit.  a person who measures and prices building work [英] (估算建筑工程的工时、造价等的)估算员(师)

quantity theory n.  the hypothesis that prices correspond to changes in the monetary supply 货币数量说(价格与货币供应量相一致的理论)

quantize /ˈkwɒntaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  form into quanta 使量子化 2  apply quantum mechanics to 用量子力学表示 □ quantization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

quantum /ˈkwɒntəm/ n. (pl. quanta /-tə/)  1 Physics 【物理学】  a  a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents 量子b  an analogous discrete amount of any other physical quantity 类似量子的物理量 2  a  a required or allowed amount 定量，定额b  a share or portion 份额；部分 [Latin, neut. of quantus ‘how much’]

quantum chromodynamics /ˌkrəʊməʊdaiˈnæmiks/ n. Physics  a theory in which the strong interaction between subatomic particles is described in terms of the exchange by quarks of gluons 【物理学】量子色动力学(以夸克与胶子相互交换来描述亚原子之间的相互作用) [CHROMO-2 ‘colour’ (see COLOUR n. 11), on the pattern of THERMODYNAMICS]

quantum jump n. (also 亦作 quantum leap)  1  a sudden large increase or advance 跃进，重大突破，突变，巨增 2 Physics  an abrupt transition in an atom or molecule from one quantum state to another 【物理学】量子跃迁

quantum mechanics n. Physics  a mathematical form of quantum theory dealing with the motion and interaction of (esp. subatomic) particles and incorporating the concept that these particles can also be regarded as waves 【物理学】量子力学 □ quantum-mechanical  adj.  

quantum number n. Physics  a number expressing the value of some property of a particle occurring in quanta 【物理学】量子数

quantum theory n. Physics  the body of theory based on the concept of quanta of energy 【物理学】量子论

quaquaversal /kweikwəˈvɜ:s(ə)l/ adj. Geol.  pointing in every direction 【地质】穹形的 [Late Latin quaquaversus, from quaqua ‘wheresoever’ + versus ‘towards’]

quarantine /ˈkwɒr(ə)nti:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  isolation imposed on persons or animals that have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to, and might spread, infectious or contagious disease (对可能患传染病的人或动物的)隔离 2  the period of this isolation (传染病的)隔离期间 ●v. tr.  impose such isolation on; put in quarantine 对…进行传染隔离 [Italian quarantina ‘forty days’ from quaranta ‘forty’]

quark1 /kwɑ:k/ n. Physics  any of a class of unobserved subatomic particles with a fractional electric charge, of which protons, neutrons, and other hadrons are thought to be composed 【物理学】夸克(组成基本粒子的更小的粒子) [invented word, associated with ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’ in Joyce's Finnegans Wake (1939)]

quark2 /kwɑ:k/ n.  a type of low-fat curd cheese 一种低脂凝乳奶酪 [German]

quarrel1 /ˈkwɒr(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent contention or altercation between individuals or with others 争吵，吵架，不和，口角 2  a rupture of friendly relations 反目 3  an occasion of complaint against a person, a person's actions, etc. 吵闹的原因，抱怨的缘由 ●v. intr. (quarrelled, quarrelling; US [美] quarreled, quarreling)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fall out; have a dispute; break off friendly relations 吵嘴，吵架，争吵，口角；反目 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  take exception; find fault 责备，埋怨；挑剔 □ quarreller  n.   [Middle English via Old French querele from Latin querel(l)a ‘complaint’, from queri ‘complain’]

quarrel2 /ˈkwɒr(ə)l/ n. hist.  a short heavy square-headed arrow or bolt used in a crossbow or arbalest [史义]方镞箭，角镞箭 [Middle English from Old French quar(r)el, ultimately from Late Latin quadrus ‘square’]

quarrelsome /ˈkwɒr(ə)ls(ə)m/ adj.  given to or characterized by quarrelling 爱争吵的，动辄吵架的 □ quarrelsomely  adv.  □ quarrelsomeness  n.  

quarrian /ˈkwɒriən/ n. (also 亦作 quarrion) Austral.  a cockatiel [澳]鸡尾鹦鹉 [Wiradhuri guwarraying]

quarry1 /ˈkwɒri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an excavation made by taking stone etc. for building etc. from its bed 采石 2  a place from which stone etc. may be extracted 采石场；矿场 3  a source of information, knowledge, etc. 消息的出处，知识的来源 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  extract (stone) from a quarry 从采石场采(石等) 2 tr.  extract (facts etc.) laboriously from books etc. (从书中等)苦心找出(证据等) 3 intr.  laboriously search documents etc. 苦心寻找(文件记录等) [Middle English via medieval Latin quare(r)ia and Old French quarriere from Latinquadrum ‘square’]

quarry2 /ˈkwɒri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the object of pursuit by a bird of prey, hounds, hunters, etc. 被追逐的目标；被追捕的人 2  an intended victim or prey 猎物 [originally = parts of deer placed on the hide and given to hounds: Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French cuiree, couree (assimilated to cuir ‘leather’ and curer ‘disembowel’), ultimately from Latin cor ‘heart’]

quarry3 /ˈkwɒri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a diamond-shaped pane of glass as used in lattice windows 菱形(方形)玻璃 2 (in full 全称 quarry tile)  an unglazed floor-tile 缸砖(一种普通无釉机制铺砌砖) [a later form of QUARREL2 in the same sense]

quarryman /ˈkwɒrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a worker in a quarry 采石工人

quart /kwɔ:t/ n.  1  a liquid measure equal to a quarter of a gallon; two pints 夸脱(液体容量单位，等于 2 品脱或 1/4 加仑) 2  a vessel containing this amount 一夸脱容器 3 US  a dry measure, equivalent to one-thirty-second of a bushel (1.1 litre) [美]夸脱(干量单位，相当于 1/32 蒲式耳或 1.1 升) 4 /kɑ:t/ (also 亦作 quarte, carte)  the fourth of eight parrying positions in fencing (击剑中的)右胸开脱 (8 种防御姿势中的第 4 种架势，手掌向上，剑指对手右胸) □ a quart into a pint pot  Brit. [英]  1  a large amount etc. fitted into a small space 以小容大 2  something difficult or impossible to achieve 做不可能做到的事 [Middle English via Old French quarte from Latin quarta, fem. of quartus ‘fourth’, from quattuor ‘four’]

quartan /ˈkwɔ:t(ə)n/ adj. (of a fever etc.) recurring every fourth day (指发烧等)每隔三天复发的 [Middle English via Old French quartaine from Latin (febris ‘fever’) quartana, from quartus ‘fourth’]

quarter /ˈkwɔ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of four equal parts into which a thing is or might be divided 四分之一 2  a period of three months, usu. for which payments become due on the quarter day 一季，季度， 3 个月(通常作为偿付结账等的阶段) 3  a point of time 15 minutes before or after any hour 每小时之前或之后的第 15 分钟 4  a school or US university term (学校或[美国]大学里一年分为四个学期的)一学期 5  a 25 US or Canadian cents (美国、加拿大的)25 分b  a coin of this denomination (美、加)25 分的硬币 6  a part of a town, esp. as occupied by a particular class or group (尤指为某种阶层或人群所占据的)城镇的特定区域  residential quarter  住宅区，居民区 7  a  a point of the compass 罗盘上四个基本方位之一(东、西、南、北)b  a region at such a point (四个基本方位所指的)区域；地域 8  the direction, district, or source of supply etc. (供给等的)来源，出处  help from any quarter  来自各个方面的帮助 came from all quarters  来自四面八方 9 (in pl. 用复数)  a  lodgings; an abode 寄宿舍；住处b Mil.  the living accommodation of troops etc. 【军】驻地，营地 10  a  one-fourth of a lunar month 太阴月的四分之一b  the moon's position between the first and second (first quarter 上弦) or third and fourth (last quarter 下弦) of these 弦(月球上弦或下弦的相位) 11  a  each of the four parts into which an animal's or bird's carcass is divided, each including a leg or wing (鸟兽等)躯体的四分之一部分(包括整条腿或翅膀)b (in pl. 用复数) hist.  the four parts into which a traitor etc. was cut after execution [史义] (因叛国罪等而被分尸者的)四分之一尸体c (in pl. 作复数)  = HINDQUARTERS  12  mercy offered or granted to an enemy in battle etc. on condition of surrender (对降敌的)慈悲，宽恕 13  a  one-fourth of a pound weight 1/4 磅的重量b Brit.  a grain measure equivalent to 8 bushels [英]夸特(谷物的容量单位，等于 8 蒲式耳)c  one-fourth of a hundredweight (28 lb or US 25 lb) 1/4 英担 (28 磅，[美]25 磅) 14  a  each of four divisions on a shield (纹章学用语)盾(形)的四分之一b  a charge occupying this, placed in chief 四分之一盾上的主要图案 15  either side of a ship abaft the beam 船的后侧部 16 (in American and Australian football) each of four equal periods into which a match is divided (美式与澳式橄榄球的)四分之一场球赛 ●v. tr.  1  divide into quarters 使分为四等份 2 hist.  divide (the body of an executed person) in this way [史义]将(罪犯的躯体)四裂肢解 3  a  put (troops etc.) into quarters 使(部队)驻扎，扎营b  station or lodge in a specified place 投宿，住宿 4 (foll. by 后跟 on)  impose (a person) on another as a lodger 强行分配(某人)到他人家中做房客 5  cut (a log) into quarters, and these into planks so as to show the grain well (为突出纹理)将(圆材)沿着成 90 度的两直径锯开 6 (esp. of a hunting dog or bird of prey) range or traverse (the ground) in every direction (尤指猎狗或猎禽)在…四处走动或往返 7 Heraldry 【纹章学】  a  place or bear (charges or coats of arms) on the four quarters of a shield's surface 将(纹章)置于盾的各个四分之一部分上b  add (another's coat) to one's hereditary arms 将(另一纹章)加于盾上c (foll. by 后跟 with)  place in alternate quarters with 将…与…交错置放于盾上d  divide (a shield) into four or more parts by vertical and horizontal lines 将(盾)用纵横线分成四份或更多份 [Middle English via Anglo-French quarter, Old French quartier from Latin quartarius ‘fourth part’ (of a measure), from quartus ‘fourth’]

quarterage /ˈkwɔ:t(ə)ridʒ/ n.  1  a quarterly payment 按季支付的款项 2  a quarter's wages, allowance, pension, etc. 季度工资，季度津贴，季度退休金

quarterback /ˈkwɔ:təbæk/ n.  a player in American football who directs attacking play (美式橄榄球的)四分位；枢纽前卫(组织进攻的球员)

quarter-binding n.  the type of bookbinding in which the spine is bound in one material (usu. leather) and the sides in another (通常为皮的)书脊装订

quarter day n. Brit.  one of four days on which quarterly payments are due, tenancies begin and end, etc. [英]季度结算日(季度付款到期日)

quarterdeck /ˈkwɔ:tədek/ n.  1  part of a ship's upper deck near the stern, usu. reserved for officers 上层后甲板区(通常为高级船员专用处) 2  the officers of a ship or the navy (船只或海军的)高级船员，军官

quarter-final n.  a match or round preceding the semi-final (运动等的)四分之一决赛

quarter-hour n. (also 亦作 quarter of an hour)  1  a period of 15 minutes 一刻钟 2  = QUARTERn. 3 

quartering /ˈkwɔ:t(ə)riŋ/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the coats of arms marshalled on a shield to denote the alliances of a family with the heiresses of others 联姻纹章 2  the provision of quarters for soldiers (为部队等)提供住宿，设营 3  the act or an instance of dividing, esp. into four equal parts 分开，分割(尤指四等分)

quarter-light n. Brit.  a window in the side of a motor vehicle, closed carriage, etc. other than the main door window [英]汽车边窗；马车边窗(非指车门上的窗)

quarter-line n. Rugby  a space enclosed by a line across the ground 22 metres from the goal line 【英式橄榄球】四分线(距离门线 22 米处的地区)

quarterly /ˈkwɔ:təli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  produced or occurring once every quarter of a year 季度的，按季度的，一年四次的 2 (of a shield) quartered (盾面)分为四部分的 ●adv.  1  once every quarter of a year 一季一次，按季 2  in the four, or in two diagonally opposite, quarters of a shield (盾面)纵横四分地；由两对角线四分地 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a quarterly review or magazine 季刊

quartermaster /ˈkwɔ:təmɑ:stə/ n.  1  a regimental officer in charge of quartering, rations, etc. (陆军的)军需官 2  a naval petty officer in charge of steering, signals, etc. (海军的)航信士官(负责掌舵、信号等)

Quartermaster General n. (pl. Quartermaster Generals)  the head of the army department in charge of quartering etc. 陆军军需总长

quartermaster sergeant n.  a sergeant assisting an army quartermaster 辎重军士；军需军士

quartern /ˈkwɔ:t(ə)n/ n. Brit. archaic  a quarter of a pint [英古义] 1/4 品脱 [Middle English, = quarter, via Anglo-French quartrun, Old French quart(e)ron from QUART ‘fourth’ or quartier QUARTER]

quartern loaf n.  a four-pound loaf 4 磅重的大面包

quarter note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus.  a crotchet. [尤北美]【音】四分音符

quarter-plate n.  1  a photographic plate or film 8.3 × 10.8cm 照相干片 (8.3 × 10.8 cm. 的干板或底片) 2  a photograph reproduced from it 8.3 × 10.8 厘米尺寸的照片

quarter-pounder n.  something, esp. a hamburger, that weighs a quarter of a pound 1/4 磅重的物体(尤指汉堡包)

quarter sessions n. pl. hist. (in the UK) a court of limited criminal and civil jurisdiction and of appeal, usu. held quarterly [史义] (英国) (通常指每年开庭四次的)季审法庭

quarterstaff /ˈkwɔ:təstɑ:f/ n. hist.  a stout pole 6 － 8 feet long, formerly used as a weapon [史义]棍棒(旧时武器， 6 至 8 英尺长)

quarter-tone n. Mus.  half a semitone 【音】四分音

quartet /kwɔ:ˈtet/ n. (also 亦作 quartette)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for four voices or instruments 四重奏曲，四重唱曲b  the performers of such a piece 四重奏，四重唱 2  any group of four 四重奏演奏者，四重唱演唱者 [French quartette from Italian quartetto, via quarto ‘fourth’ from Latin quartus]

quartic /ˈkwɔ:tik/ adj. & n. Math. 【数】  ●adj.  involving the fourth and no higher power of an unknown quantity or variable 四次的；四次(乘)幂的 ●n.  a quartic equation 四次方程 [Latin quartus ‘fourth’]

quartile /ˈkwɔ:tail/ adj. & n. ●adj. Astrol.  relating to the aspect of two celestial bodies 90° apart. 【占】方照的，弦的，两天体直径差 90 度的 ●n.  1  a quartile aspect 两天体 90 度直径差，方照，弦 2 Statistics  each of three values of a variable dividing a population into four equal groups as regards the value of that variable 【统计学】四分位数，四分位数一组 [medieval Latin quartilis from Latin quartus ‘fourth’]

quarto /ˈkwɔ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Printing 【印刷】  1  the size of book or paper given by folding a (usu. specified) sheet of paper twice, commonly 10 in. × 8 in. 四开(标准纸张折叠两次) 2  a book consisting of sheets folded in this way (abbr. 缩略 : 4to) 四开本 [Latin (in) quarto ‘(in) the fourth’ (of a sheet), ablative of quartus ‘fourth’]

quarto paper n.  paper folded twice and cut into sheets 四开的纸

quartz /kwɔ:ts/ n.  a mineral form of silica that crystallizes as hexagonal prisms 石英 [German Quarz from West Slavonic kwardy]

quartz clock n.  a clock operated by vibrations of an electrically driven quartz crystal 石英钟

quartzite /ˈkwɔ:tsait/ n.  a metamorphic rock consisting mainly of quartz 石英岩

quartz lamp n.  a quartz tube containing mercury vapour and used as a light source 石英灯管

quartz watch n.  a watch in which a quartz crystal is employed as in a quartz clock 石英手表

quasar /ˈkweizɑ:, -sɑ:/ n. Astron.  any of a class of starlike celestial objects often associated with intense radio emission and apparently of great size and remoteness 【天】类星体 [quas i-stellar]

quash /kwɒʃ/ v. tr.  1  annul; reject as not valid, esp. by a legal procedure (依法)撤消；宣布…无效 2  suppress; crush (a rebellion etc.) 镇压；压制；平息 [Middle English via Old French quasser, casser ‘annul’ from Late Latin cassare, from cassus ‘null, void’, or from Latin cassare, frequentative of quatere ‘shake’]

quasi /ˈkweizai, -sai, ˈkwɑ:zi/ adv. (introducing an exclamation) that is to say; as it were (用以引导感叹语)就是说，恰如，宛如，就像是 [Latin, = as if, almost]

quasi- /ˈkweizai, -sai, ˈkwɑ:zi/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  seemingly; apparently but not really (quasi-scientific 准科学的) 类似，近似，准 2  being partly or almost (quasi-independent 半独立) 半，几乎 [Latin quasi ‘as if, almost’]

quassia /ˈkwɒʃə, ˈkwɒʃiə, ˈkwæsiə/ n.  1  an evergreen tree, Quassia amara, native to S. America 苦树(源于美洲的长青树木) 2  the wood, bark, or root of this tree, yielding a bitter medicinal tonic and insecticide 苦树的木材、树皮、根等(可提取用于医药和杀虫剂的苦味剂) [named after G. Quassi, 18th-c. Suriname slave, who discovered its medicinal properties]

quatercentenary /kwætəsenˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten-, -ˈsentin-, kweitə-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a four-hundredth anniversary 第 400 周年 2  a festival marking this 400 周年纪念庆祝活动 ●adj.  of this anniversary 第 400 周年的 [Latin quater ‘four times’ + CENTENARY]

quaternary /kwəˈtɜ:n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fourth in order or rank etc. 第四的，第四等的，第四级的 2 (作 Quaternary) Geol.  of or relating to the most recent period in the Cenozoic era with evidence of many species of present-day plants and animals (cf. 参见 PLEISTOCENE, HOLOCENE) 【地质】与后新生代有关的，第四纪的，第四系的 3 Chem. (of an ammonium compound) containing four atoms or groups (other than hydrogen atoms) bonded to a nitrogen atom 【化】四元的，四价的，季的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a quaternary thing, compound, etc. 四元(价、成分)；四元化合物 2 (作 Quaternary) Geol.  the Quaternary period or system 【地质】第四纪，第四系 [Middle English from Latin quaternarius from quaterni, distributive of quattuor ‘four’]

quaternion /kwəˈtɜ:niən/ n.  1  a set of four 四个一组，四个一套 2 Math.  a complex number of the form w + xi + yj + zk, where w, x, y, z are real numbers and i, j, k are imaginary units that satisfy certain conditions 【数】四元数 [Middle English from Late Latin quaternio -onis (as QUATERNARY)]

quatorzain /ˈkætəzein/ n.  a fourteen-line poem; an irregular sonnet 十四行诗，不规则十四行诗 [French quatorzaine from quatorze ‘fourteen’, from Latin quattuordecim]

quatorze /kəˈtɔ:z/ n.  a set of four aces, kings, queens, or jacks, in one hand at piquet, scoring fourteen (皮克牌游戏中)手中一套四张 A (或 K, Q, J) 的牌(计 14 分) [French: see QUATORZAIN]

quatrain /ˈkwɒtrein/ n.  a stanza of four lines, usu. with alternate rhymes 四行诗，四行诗节 [French from quatre ‘four’, from Latin quattuor]

quatrefoil /ˈkætrəfɔil/ n.  a four-pointed or four-leafed figure, esp. as an ornament in architectural tracery, resembling a flower or cloverleaf (尤指作为建筑装饰的)四叶形(饰)，四瓣形(饰) [Middle English from Anglo-French, from quatre ‘four’: see FOIL2]

quattrocento /kwætrə(ʊ)ˈtʃentəʊ/ n.  the style of Italian art of the 15th c. 15 世纪的意大利艺术风格 □ quattrocentist  n. & adj.   [Italian, = 400, short for milquattrocento ‘1400’, used with reference to the years 1400 － 99]

quaver /ˈkweivə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (esp. of a voice or musical sound) vibrate, shake, tremble (尤指嗓音或音乐声)颤抖，颤音b  use trills or shakes in singing 在演唱中使用颤音 2 tr.  a  sing (a note or song) with quavering 用颤音演唱(音符或歌)b (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  say in a trembling voice 颤抖着说 ●n.  1 Mus.  a note having the time value of an eighth of a semibreve or half a crotchet and represented by a large dot with a hooked stem 【音】八分音符 2  a trill in singing 演唱中的颤音 3  a tremble in speech 说话中的颤抖 □ quaveringly  adv.  □ quavery  adj.   [Middle English from quave, perhaps from an Old English word related to QUAKE]

quay /ki:/ n.  a solid stationary artificial landing place lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships 码头 □ quayage  n.   [Middle English key(e), kay via Old French kay and Gaulish caio from Celtic]

quayside /ˈki:said/ n.  the land forming or near a quay 码头边

Que. abbr. [缩略]  Quebec 

quean /kwi:n/ n. archaic  an impudent or ill-behaved girl or woman [古义]举止不端的女人；轻佻的女人 [Old English cwene ‘woman’: cf. QUEEN]

queasy /ˈkwi:zi/ adj. (-ier, -iest)  1  a (of a person) feeling nauseous (人)感到讨厌的，感到厌恶的b (of a person's stomach) easily upset; weak of digestion (胃)不适的；消化不良的 2 (of the conscience etc.) overscrupulous, tender (良心等)顾虑重重的，易不安的，心软的 □ queasily  adv.  □ queasiness  n.   [Middle English queysy, coisy, perhaps from Anglo-French & Old French, related to Old French coisir ‘hurt’]

Quebec /kwiˈbek/ n.  魁北克 [加拿大港市]

Quebecker /kwiˈbekə/ n. (also 亦作 Quebecer)  a native or inhabitant of Quebec 魁北克人，魁北克居民

Quechua /ˈketʃwə/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Quichua /ˈki-/) ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Quechuas)  1  a member of a S. American Indian people of Peru and neighbouring countries 凯楚阿人(秘鲁及其邻国的南美洲印地安人) 2  the language of this people 凯楚阿语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 凯楚阿人的；凯楚阿语的 □ Quechuan  adj.   [Spanish from Quechua]

queen /kwi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (as a title usu. 作头衔时通常作 Queen)  a female sovereign etc., esp. the hereditary ruler of an independent state (独立政体的)女王，女酋长，女首领(通常为世袭的) 2 (in full 全称 queen consort)  a king's wife 王后 3  a woman, country, or thing pre-eminent or supreme in a specified area or of its kind 最好的或最重要的女子(地方或事物)  tennis queen  网球王后 the queen of roses  玫瑰王后 4  the fertile female among ants, bees, etc. (为群体产卵的雌性昆虫，如蚂蚁、蜜蜂等的)王，蚁王，蜂王 5  the most powerful piece in chess (国际象棋中的)王后棋子 6  a court card with a picture of a queen (纸牌中的)王后 7 slang offens.  a male homosexual, esp. an effeminate one [俚语] [冒犯] (尤指脂粉气的)同性恋男子 8 (as a title usu. 作头衔时通常作 Queen)  a  an honoured female, e.g. the Virgin Mary 受尊敬的女性，如，圣母玛利亚  Queen of Heaven  天后，希腊神话中主神宙斯之妻朱诺的别称b  an ancient goddess 古代女神  Venus, Queen of love  爱神维纳斯 9  a belle or mock sovereign on some occasion 艳后； (比拟的)王后，女王  beauty queen  艳后 queen of the May  五月女王 10  a person's sweetheart, wife, or mistress 爱人，爱妻，情人 11 (作 the Queen) (in the UK) the national anthem when there is a female sovereign (在英国女王为最高统治者时的国歌)女王颂 ●v. tr.  1  make (a woman) queen (使)成为女王 2 Chess  convert (a pawn) into a queen when it reaches the opponent's side of the board 【棋类】使(卒)升为后(当卒至对方底线时) □ queen it   play the queen 似掌权者行事□ queendom  n.  □ queenhood  n.  □ queenless  adj.  □ queenlike  adj.  □ queenship  n.   [Old English cwēn, from Germanic; cf. QUEAN]

Queen-Anne adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  in the style of English architecture, furniture, etc., in or about Queen Anne's time, the early 18th c. (建筑、家具等)具有 18 世纪早期安妮女王时期风格的

Queen Anne's lace n. Bot. 【植】  = COW-PARSLEY 

queen bee n.  1  the fertile female in a hive 蜂王 2  the chief or controlling woman in an organization or social group 女首领；领导社交活动的妇女

queen cake n.  a small soft cake often with raisins etc. 夹有葡萄干的心形小软饼

queen consort  see 见 QUEEN n. 2 

queen dowager n.  the widow of a king 孀居的王后；王太后

queenie /ˈkwi:ni/ n. slang [俚语]  = QUEENn. 7 

Queen in Council n. Brit.  the Privy Council as issuing Orders in Council or receiving petitions etc. [英]枢密院

queenly /ˈkwi:nli/ adj. (queenlier, queenliest)  1  fit for or appropriate to a queen (似)女王的，适合女王的 2  majestic; queenlike 堂皇的，女王般的 □ queenliness  n.  

queen mother n.  the dowager who is mother of the sovereign 太后

queen of puddings n.  a pudding made with bread, jam, and meringue 王后布丁(用面包、果酱等制成的蛋白酥皮布丁)

Queen of the May n.  = MAY QUEEN 

queen of the meadows n. Bot.  meadowsweet 【植】草地女王

queen post n.  either of two upright timbers between the tie-beam and principal rafters of a roof-truss (建筑上的)桁架双柱之一

Queen's Bench n. (in the UK) a division of the High Court of Justice (英国)高等法院的(女)王座法庭

Queensberry Rules /ˈkwi:nzb(ə)ri/ n. pl.  the standard rules, esp. of boxing 昆斯泊里规则，标准规则(尤指拳击) [named after the 8th Marquess of Queensberry, English nobleman d. 1900, who supervised the preparation of boxing laws in 1867]

queen's bishop n. Chess  the bishop on the queen's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】开局时位于女王侧位的象

Queen's bounty n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  = KING'S BOUNTY 

Queen's Champion n. (in the UK) = CHAMPION OF ENGLAND (英国)

Queen's colour n. (in the UK) a flag carried by a regiment (英国)军队团旗

Queen's Counsel n. (in the UK) counsel to the Crown, taking precedence over other barristers (英国)王室法律顾问(团)

Queen's English n.  the English language as correctly written or spoken in Britain 标准英语，规范英语

Queen's evidence n. Brit. Law  evidence for the prosecution given by a participant in or accomplice to the crime at issue [英]【法律】刑事被告向法院提供的对同案犯不利的证据

Queen's Guide n. (in the UK) a Guide (see 见 GUIDE n. 10) who has reached the highest rank of proficiency (英国)女王的女童子军(指最优秀的女童子军)

Queen's highway n. Brit.  a public road, regarded as being under the sovereign's protection [英] (女王保护下的)主要公路，国道

queen-size adj. (also 亦作 queen-sized)  of a larger than normal size, usu. smaller than king-size 大号的(通常仅次于特大号的)

queen's knight n. Chess  the knight on the queen's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】开局时位于女王侧位的马

Queen's Messenger n. (in the UK) a courier in the diplomatic service (英国女王的)外交信使

queen's pawn n. Chess  the pawn in front of the queen at the beginning of a game 【棋类】开局时位于女王前方的卒

Queen's Proctor n. (in the UK) an official who has the right to intervene in probate, divorce, and nullity cases when collusion or the suppression of facts is alleged (英国)王室讼监(有权对遗嘱验证、离婚及海事等案进行监督)

queen's rook n. Chess  the rook on the queen's side of the board at the start of a game 【棋类】开局时位于女王侧位的车

Queen's Scout n. (in the UK) a Scout (see 见 SCOUT1 n. 4) who has reached the highest standard of proficiency (英国)女王的童子军(指最优秀的童子军)

Queen's Speech n. (in the UK) a statement including the Government's proposed measures read by the sovereign at the opening of Parliament (英国)女王敕语(在国会开幕时宣读，内容为阐明国家施政方针)

queen's-ware n.  cream-coloured Wedgwood 女王陶(英国的一种奶油色精致陶器)

queer /kwiə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  strange; odd; eccentric 奇怪的，古怪的，异常的 2  shady; suspect; of questionable character 暗中生疑的，可疑的，费解的 3 Brit. [英]  a  slightly ill; giddy; faint 微感不适的，头昏眼花的，眩晕的b slang  drunk [俚语]醉酒的，醉醺醺的 4 slang offens. (esp. of a man) homosexual [俚语] [冒犯]同性恋的(尤指男性) ●n. slang offens.  a (esp. male) homosexual [俚语] [冒犯] (尤指男性)同性恋者 ●v. tr. slang  spoil; put out of order [俚语]毁坏；搞糟 □ in Queer Street  Brit. slang  in a difficulty, in debt or trouble or disrepute [英] [俚语]处于(财务)困境，拮据□ queer a person's pitch  Brit.  spoil a person's chances, esp. secretly or maliciously [英]破坏某人的计划(尤指阴谋)□ queerish  adj.  □ queerly  adv.  □ queerness  n.   [perhaps from German quer ‘oblique’ (as THWART)]

quell /kwel/ v. tr.  1  a  crush or put down (a rebellion etc.) 粉碎或镇压(造反、叛乱等)b  reduce (rebels etc.) to submission 使(叛逆者等)降服 2  suppress or alleviate (fear, anger, etc.) 压住或缓解(恐惧、怒气等) □ queller  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English cwellan ‘kill’, from Germanic]

quench /kwen(t)ʃ/ v. tr.  1  satisfy (thirst) by drinking 解(渴) 2  extinguish (a fire or light etc.) 扑灭，熄灭(火焰等) 3  cool, esp. with water (heat or a heated thing) 将(热物体)冷却(尤指用水) 4 esp. Metallurgy  cool (esp. hot metal) rapidly in cold water, air, oil, etc. 【冶金学】使(尤指热金属)急速冷冻，淬火 5  a  stifle or suppress (desire etc.) 压制；抑制(愿望等)b Physics & Electronics  inhibit or prevent (oscillation, luminescence, etc.) by counteractive means 【物理学】【电子学】淬熄 6 Brit. slang  reduce (an opponent) to silence [英] [俚语]迫使(反对者)沉默 □ quenchable  adj.  □ quencher  n.  □ quenchless  adj.   [Old English -cwencan (in acwencan), from Germanic]

quenelle /kəˈnel/ n.  a small seasoned ball or roll of pounded fish or meat 肉丸子，鱼圆子 [French, of unknown origin]

Quentin /ˈkwentin/   昆廷 [人名]

querist /ˈkwiərist/ n. literary  a person who asks questions; a questioner [文学用语]询问者，质问者 [Latin quaerere ‘ask’]

quern /kwɜ:n/ n.  1  a mill for grinding corn, typically consisting of two stones (碾谷物等的)手推石磨 2  a small hand mill for pepper etc. (碾胡椒等的)小手磨 [Old English cweorn(e), from Germanic]

quern-stone n.  either of the two stones forming a quern 磨石

querulous /ˈkwerʊləs, -jʊləs/ adj.  complaining, peevish 抱怨的，易怒的，爱发牢骚的 □ querulously  adj.  □ querulousness  n.   [Late Latin querulosus or Latin querulus from queri ‘complain’]

query /ˈkwiəri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a question, esp. expressing doubt or objection 问题；(尤指)询问，质问 2  a question mark, or the word query spoken or written to question accuracy or as a mark of interrogation 问号(？) ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 whether, if, etc. + clause)  ask or enquire 疑问，询问，提问 2 tr.  call (a thing) in question in speech or writing 对(某事物)表示怀疑 3 tr.  dispute the accuracy of (对某事物的精确性)表示怀疑 4 intr.  put a question 提问，询问 [Anglicized form of quaere from Latin quaerere ‘ask’, influenced by INQUIRY]

quest /kwest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a search or the act of seeking 寻求，寻找，探索，调查研究 2  the thing sought, esp. the object of a medieval knight's pursuit (中世纪骑士的)探险目标 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a (often foll. by 常后跟 after, for)  go about in search of something 寻找，寻求b (of a dog etc.) search about for game (猎狗)搜寻猎物，追踪搜寻 2 tr. poet.  search for; seek out [诗]追求，寻找 □ in quest of   seeking 试图找到，寻求□ quester  n. (also 亦作 questor)  □ questingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French queste, quester, ultimately from Latin quaerere quaest- ‘seek’]

question /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sentence worded or expressed so as to seek information 问题 2  a  doubt about or objection to a thing's truth, credibility, advisability, etc. 疑问  allowed it without question  不容置疑 is there any question as to its validity?  对其合法性是否还有怀疑？b  the raising of such doubt etc. 产生疑问，质疑 3  a matter to be discussed or decided or voted on 议题 4  a problem requiring an answer or solution 待解决的问题 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a matter or concern depending on conditions (依赖条件的)难事；难题  it's a question of money  这是个有关钱的问题 ●v. tr.  1  ask questions of; interrogate 问；询问 2  subject (a person) to examination 盘问，审问，质问(某人) 3  throw doubt upon; raise objections to 怀疑；对…表示疑问；对…提出疑议 4  seek information from the study of (phenomena, facts) (通过现象、事实等进行)分析，探究，研究 □ be a question of time   be certain to happen sooner or later 是件迟早会发生的事□ beyond all question   undoubtedly 毫无疑问，一定，当然□ come into question   be discussed; become of practical importance 成为问题；变得具有实际重要性□ in question   that is being discussed or referred to 讨论中的，争议中的，成问题的，考虑中的  the person in question  正讨论的那个人□ is not the question   is irrelevant 无关的□ no question of   no possibility of 不可能的  there's no question of my giving in  我绝不可能让步□ out of the question   too impracticable etc. to be worth discussing; impossible 不予考虑的，不值得谈论的，根本不可能的□ put the question   require supporters and opponents of a proposal to record their votes, divide a meeting 把议题提交表决，提请表决□ questioner  n.  □ questioningly  adv.  □ questionless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French questiun, Old French question, questionner from Latin quaestio -onis, from quaerere quaest- ‘seek’]

questionable /ˈkwestʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  doubtful as regards truth or quality 有问题的，可疑的，有疑问的 2  not clearly in accordance with honesty, honour, wisdom, etc. 靠不住的，成问题的 □ questionability  /kwestʃ(ə)nəˈbiliti/ n.  □ questionableness  n.  □ questionably  adv.  

questionary /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic or Med. [古义]【医】  = QUESTIONNAIRE  [medieval Latin quaestionarium, or French (as QUESTIONNAIRE)]

question mark n.  1  a punctuation mark (?) indicating a question 问号 (?) 2  a cause for doubt or uncertainty 疑点；造成不确定的因素；难事  there's still a question mark over the plans  此计划还存在一个疑点

question master n. Brit.  a person who presides over a quiz game etc. [英]智力测验主持人

questionnaire /kwestʃəˈnɛə, kestjə-/ n.  1  a formulated series of questions, esp. for statistical study (尤指作为统计的)问题单，调查表 2  a document containing these 问卷 [French, from questionner QUESTION + -aire -ARY1]

question time n. (in the House of Commons) a period during parliamentary proceedings when MPs may question ministers (英国国会中议员对大臣提问题的)质询时间

quetzal /ˈkets(ə)l, ˈkwet-/ n.  1  any of various brilliantly coloured birds of the family Trogonidae, esp. the Central and S. American Pharomachrus mocinno, the male of which has long green tail coverts 沙克尔鸟(中南美洲产，尾长，羽美) 2  the chief monetary unit of Guatemala 格查尔(危地马拉的主要货币单位) [Spanish from Nahuatl quetzalli, the bird's tail feather]

queue /kju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or sequence of persons, vehicles, etc., awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed (人、车等排成的)队列，长蛇阵 2  a pigtail or plait of hair 发辫 3 Computing  a list of data items, commands, etc., stored so as to be retrievable in a definite order, usu. the order of insertion 【计算】队列 ●v. (queues, queued, queuing or queueing)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of persons etc.) form a queue; take one's place in a queue (人等)排队，站队 2 tr. esp. Computing  arrange in a queue (尤)【计算】排队 [French from Latin cauda ‘tail’]

queue-jump v. intr. Brit.  push forward out of turn in a queue [英]未等轮到而抢先，加塞儿

quibble /ˈkwib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a petty objection; a trivial point of criticism 挑剔；吹毛求疵 2  a play on words; a pun 文字游戏，双关语 3  an evasion; an insubstantial argument which relies on an ambiguity etc. 遁词，支吾，狡辩，模棱两可的话， ●v. intr.  use quibbles 推脱，推诿，讲模棱两可的话，狡辩；讲双关语 □ quibbler  n.  □ quibbling  adj.  □ quibblingly  adv.   [diminutive of obsolete quib, probably from Latin quibus, dative & ablative pl. of qui ‘who’ (familiar from use in legal documents)]

quiche /ki:ʃ/ n.  an open flan or tart with a savoury filling 洛林糕(咸辣馅奶蛋糕) [French, related to German Kuchen ‘cake’]

Quichua var.  of QUECHUA  QUECHUA 的变体

quick /kwik/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  taking only a short time 快的，行动敏捷的，迅速的  a quick worker  工作快手 2  arriving after a short time, prompt 短时间内达到的，立刻的  quick action  行动神速 quick results  立刻见效 3  with only a short interval 间隔极短的  in quick succession  接连不断 4  lively, intelligent 活泼的，敏捷的，聪明伶俐的 5  acute, alert 敏锐的，机警的  has a quick ear  听力敏锐 6 (of a temper) easily roused 性急的，不耐烦的，易怒的 7 archaic  living, alive [古义]活的，活着的  the quick and the dead  生者与亡者 ●adv.  1  quickly; at a rapid rate 快地，迅速地 2 (as 作 int.)  come, go, etc., quickly 迅速地来(去) ●n.  1  the soft flesh below the nails, or the skin, or a sore 指甲、皮肤或伤口下的嫩肉 2  the seat of feeling or emotion 感情的中枢，感觉最敏锐的地方，痛处  cut to the quick  伤到痛处 □ be quick   act quickly 快点，加快速度□ quick with child  archaic  at a stage of pregnancy when movements of the foetus have been felt [古义]胎动怀孕期的□ quickly  adv.  □ quickness  n.   [Old English cwic(u) ‘alive’, from Germanic]

quicken /ˈkwik(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become quicker; accelerate (使)加快，变快，加速，提速 2 tr.  give life or vigour to; rouse; animate; stimulate 使活跃，使有生气，鼓舞，刺激，激发 3 intr.  a (of a woman) reach a stage in pregnancy when movements of the foetus can be felt (指女人)进入怀孕胎动期b (of a foetus) begin to show signs of life (指胎儿)开始胎动 4 tr. archaic  kindle; make (a fire) burn brighter [古义] (使某物)燃烧，使(火焰)燃烧更旺 5 intr.  come to life 使变活，使复活，使苏醒

quick-fire attrib. adj.  1 (of repartee etc.) rapid (指应答等)快速机敏的 2  firing shots in quick succession 急速射击的

quick fix n.  a rapid (esp. inadequate) solution to a problem (尤指不完善的)应急解决办法，权宜之计

quick-freeze v. tr.  freeze (food) rapidly so as to preserve its natural qualities 将(食品)速冻

quickie /ˈkwiki/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a thing done or made quickly or hastily 迅速做成的事，匆匆做成的事 2  an alcoholic drink taken quickly (酒的)一饮而干，匆匆喝下的酒 3  a brief act of sexual intercourse 草草完事的性交 ●adj.  made or executed quickly 快的，草率的，匆忙做的  quickie divorce  草率离婚 quickie production  粗制滥造的制作

quicklime /ˈkwiklaim/ n.  = LIME1n. 1 

quick march n. & int. Mil. 【军】  ●n.  a march in quick time 急行军 ●int.  the command to begin this 急行军口令

quick one n. colloq.  an alcoholic drink taken quickly [口]匆匆饮下的酒

quicksand /ˈkwiksænd/ n.  1  a  loose wet sand that sucks in anything placed or falling into it 流沙b  a bed of this 流沙床 2  a treacherous thing or situation 复杂危险的情况

quickset /ˈkwikset/ adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●adj. (of a hedge) formed of slips of plants, esp. hawthorn set in the ground to grow (篱)插活的树(尤指山楂树)构成的 ●n.  1  such slips 绿篱用树 2  a hedge formed in this way 绿篱，树篱

quicksilver /ˈkwiksilvə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  liquid mercury 水银，汞 2  mobility of temperament or mood 脾气(情绪)的善变 ●v. tr.  coat (mirror glass) with an amalgam of tin 涂水银化合物于(玻璃)上制镜

quickstep /ˈkwikstep/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fast foxtrot 快狐步舞，活泼的舞步 2 (作 quick step) Mil.  a step used in quick time 【军】齐步 ●v. intr. (-stepped, -stepping)  dance the quickstep 

quick-tempered adj.  easily angered 性急的，急性子的

quickthorn /ˈkwikθɔ:n/ n.  the hawthorn 山楂树

quick time n. Mil.  marching at about 120 paces per minute 【军】(每分钟 120 步的)齐步行进步速

quick trick n. Bridge 【桥牌】  1  a trick in the first two rounds of a suit (桥牌中的)快速赢张(指 A 或同花色的 K 、 Q) 2  a card that should win this 可快速赢张的牌

quick-witted adj.  quick to grasp a situation, make repartee, etc. 颖悟的，机智的，机敏的 □ quick-wittedness  n.  颖悟，机智，机敏

quid1 /kwid/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Brit. slang  one pound sterling [英] [俚语] 1 镑 □ not the full quid  Austral. slang  mentally deficient [澳] [俚语]低智商的□ quids in  slang  in a position of profit [俚语]处境好，运气好，有钱 [probably from quid ‘the nature of a thing’ from Latin quid ‘what, something’]

quid2 /kwid/ n.  a lump of tobacco for chewing (含在口中咀嚼的)烟草块 [dialect variant of CUD]

quiddity /ˈkwiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Philos.  the essence of a person or thing; what makes a thing what it is 【哲】本质，实质 2  a quibble; a trivial objection 遁词，吹毛求疵，挑剔 [medieval Latin quidditas from Latin quid ‘what’]

quidnunc /ˈkwidnʌŋk/ n. archaic  a newsmonger, a person given to gossip [古义]爱打听别人隐私的人，喜欢传播、打听小道消息的人 [Latin quid ‘what’ + nunc ‘now’]

quid pro quo /kwid prəʊ ˈkwəʊ/ n. (pl. quid pro quos)  1  a thing given as compensation 报偿，抵偿(物) 2  return made (for a gift, favour, etc.) (礼物等的)交换物 [Latin, = something for something]

quiescent /kwiˈes(ə)nt, kwai-/ adj.  1  motionless, inert 不动的，不活泼的，静止的 2  silent, dormant 静的，休眠的，潜伏的 □ quiescence  n.  □ quiescency  n.  □ quiescently  adv.   [Latin quiescere from quies QUIET]

quiet /ˈkwaiət/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (quieter, quietest)  1  with little or no sound or motion 轻声的，无声的，安静的 2  of gentle or peaceful disposition 文静的，温和的，温顺的 3 (of a colour, piece of clothing, etc.) unobtrusive; not showy (指颜色等)不鲜艳的，暗淡的，素净的 4  not overt; private; disguised 私下的，暗地里的，隐蔽的，掩藏的  quiet resentment  憋在肚子里的火气 5  undisturbed; uninterrupted; free or far from vigorous action 平静的，不受干扰的，镇定的，恬静的  a quiet time for prayer  安安静静的祈祷时间 6  informal; simple 非正式的，简单的，朴素的，平淡的  just a quiet wedding  平淡的婚礼 7  enjoyed in quiet 悠闲的，自在的  a quiet smoke  悠闲地吸烟 8  tranquil; not anxious or remorseful 安宁平静的，镇静的，太平的 ●n.  1  silence; stillness 安静，寂静，静止 2  an undisturbed state; tranquillity 安宁，太平，平静 3  a state of being free from urgent tasks or agitation 悠闲，从容，清闲  a time of quiet at work  工作中的片刻清闲 4  a peaceful state of affairs 平稳，和平，祥和  there was quiet along the frontier  边境上曾经一片和平景象 ●v.  1 tr.  soothe; make quiet 使安静下来，使静，使平静 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  become quiet or calm 安静，平静 □ be quiet  (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句)  cease talking etc. 请安静；肃静□ keep quiet   1  refrain from making a noise 保持安静，别出声 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  suppress or refrain from disclosing information etc. 对某事物保持缄默□ on the quiet  colloq.  unobtrusively; secretly [口]秘密地，私下，暗地里□ quietly  adv.  □ quietness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French quiete and Old French quiet(e), quieté from Latin quietus, past part. of quiescere: see QUIESCENT]

quieten /ˈkwaiət(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down) Brit. [英]  = QUIETv. 

quietism /ˈkwaiitiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a passive attitude towards life, with devotional contemplation and abandonment of the will, as a form of religious mysticism 寂静主义(主张清心寡欲的宗教形式) 2  the principle of non-resistance 无为主义，清静无为 □ quietist  n. & adj.  □ quietistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.   [Italian quietismo (as QUIET)]

quietude /ˈkwaiitju:d/ n.  a state of quiet 平静，宁静，寂静

quietus /kwaiˈi:təs/ n. (pl. quietuses)  1  discharge or release from life; death; that which brings death 死亡，灭亡，寂灭，死的解脱；致死物 2  something which quiets or represses; a sedative 镇定物，抑制物，约束物；镇定药 [medieval Latin quietus est ‘he is quit’, used as a form of receipt on payment of a debt: see QUIT]

quiff /kwif/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a man's tuft of hair, brushed upward over the forehead 男子额前向上梳的一束头发 2  a curl plastered down on the forehead (搽油梳在额前的)一绺卷发 [19th c.: origin unknown]

quill /kwil/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 quill-feather)  a large feather in a wing or tail (翅膀或尾部的)大羽毛 2  the hollow stem of this 羽毛管，羽茎，翮 3 (in full 全称 quill pen)  a pen made of a quill 羽毛笔，翮笔 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the spines of a porcupine (豪猪的长而硬的)刺 5  a musical pipe made of a hollow stem (空茎制成的)笛 ●v. tr.  form into cylindrical quill-like folds; goffer 在(…)上做管状褶 [Middle English, probably from (Middle) Low German quiele]

quill-coverts n. pl.  the feathers covering the base of quill-feathers 绒羽，冉羽(鸟翮根部细毛)

quilling /ˈkwiliŋ/ n.  1  a piece of quilled lace edging etc. 网眼沙褶边饰 2 US  the art of making ornamental filigree from tightly rolled columns of paper [美]用卷紧的纸制成精美饰品的工艺

quilt1 /kwilt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bed-covering made of padding enclosed between layers of cloth etc. and kept in place by cross lines of stitching 被褥，被子，褥子 2  a bedspread of similar design 被状物  patchwork quilt  拼缝被 ●v. tr.  1  cover or line with padded material 缝制…成被褥(棉衣等) 2  make or join together (pieces of cloth with padding between) after the manner of a quilt 缝合(布面和垫塞料) 3  sew up (a coin, letter, etc.) between two layers of a garment etc. 将(硬币等)缝进衣服里 4  compile (a literary work) out of extracts or borrowed ideas 用东拼西凑方法编辑(文学作品) □ quilter  n.  □ quilting  n.   [Middle English via Old French coilte, cuilte from Latin culcita ‘mattress, cushion’]

quilt2 /kwilt/ v. tr. Austral. slang  thrash; clout [澳] [俚语]抽打，敲打，猛击 [perhaps from QUILT1]

quim /kwim/ n. coarse slang  the female genitals [粗俗俚语]女性生殖器 [18th c.: origin unknown]

quin /kwin/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a quintuplet [尤英口]五胞胎之一；五个一组；五个一套 [abbreviation]

quinacrine /ˈkwinəkri:n, -krin/ n.  an antimalarial drug derived from acridine 奎纳克林，阿的平(抗疟药) [quinine + acridine]

quinary /ˈkwainəri/ adj.  1  of the number five 五的 2  having five parts 五个一组的，由五部分组成的 [Latin quinarius from quini, distributive of quinque ‘five’]

quinate /ˈkwaineit/ adj. Bot. (of a leaf) having five leaflets 【植】(叶子)由五枚小叶片组成的 [Latin quini (as QUINARY)]

quince /kwins/ n.  1  a hard acid pear-shaped fruit used as a preserve or flavouring 榅桲，颚梨 2  any shrub or small tree of the genus Cydonia (rose family), esp.C. oblonga, bearing this fruit See also 另见 JAPANESE QUINCE 榅桲树(玫瑰科) [Middle English, originally collective pl. of obsolete quoyn, coyn, via Old French cooin from Latin cotoneum, variant of cydoneum (malum) ‘(apple) of Cydonia ’ (now Canea) in Crete]

quincentenary /kwinsenˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten-, kwinˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a five-hundredth anniversary (第)500 周年 2  a festival marking this (第)500 周年纪念 ●adj.  of this anniversary (第)500 周年的；(第)500 周年纪念的 □ quincentennial  /-ˈteniəl/ adj. & n.   [formed irregularly from Latin quinque ‘five’ + CENTENARY]

quincunx /ˈkwinkʌŋks/ n.  1  five objects set so that four are at the corners of a square or rectangle and the fifth is at its centre, e.g. the five on dice or cards (五点排列成的)梅花形(如骰子或纸牌上的五点) 2  this arrangement, esp. in planting trees 梅花形排列(尤指栽植法) □ quincuncial  /kwinˈkʌnʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ quincuncially  /-ˈkʌnʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin, = five-twelfths, from quinque ‘five’, uncia ‘twelfth’]

quinella /kwiˈnelə/ n.  a form of betting in which the better must select the first two place-winners in a race, not necessarily in the correct order 选头两名博法(指博彩者只需猜中头两名而不论其次序之赌博法) [Latin American Spanish quiniela]

quinine /ˈkwini:n, kwiˈni:n/ n.  1  an alkaloid found esp. in cinchona bark 奎宁，金鸡纳碱 2  a bitter toxic drug containing this, formerly used as a tonic and esp. as a remedy for malaria 奎宁药(尤指用于治疗疟疾) [quina ‘cinchona bark’ from Spanish quina, from Quechua kina ‘bark’]

quinol /ˈkwinɒl/ n.  = HYDROQUINONE 

quinoline /ˈkwinəli:n/ n. Chem.  an oily amine obtained from coal tar or by synthesis and used in the preparation of drugs etc. 【化】喹啉，氮(杂)萘

quinone /ˈkwinəʊn, kwiˈnəʊn/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  = BENZOQUINONE  2  any compound with the same ring structure as benzoquinone 苯醌类

quinquagenarian /ˌkwiŋkwədʒiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 50 to 59 years old 50 至 59 岁的人 ●adj.  of or relating to this age 50 至 59 岁年龄的 [Latin quinquagenarius from quinquageni, distributive of quinquaginta ‘fifty’]

Quinquagesima /kwiŋkwəˈdʒesimə/ n. (in full 全称 Quinquagesima Sunday)  the Sunday before the beginning of Lent (基督教)四旬斋前的星期日，复活节前的第 50 日 [medieval Latin, fem. of Latin quinquagesimus ‘fifty’, influenced by QUADRAGESIMA, from its being ten days before the forty penitential days of Lent]

quinque- /ˈkwiŋkwi/ comb. form  five [构词成分]五 [Latin from quinque ‘five’]

quinquennial /kwiŋˈkweniəl/ adj.  1  lasting five years 持续五年的 2  recurring every five years 每五年一次的 □ quinquennially  adv.   [Latin quinquennis (as QUINQUENNIUM)]

quinquennium /kwiŋˈkweniəm/ n. (pl. quinquenniums or quinquennia /-niə/)  a period of five years 五年，(持续)五年的时间 [Latin, from quinque ‘five’ + annus ‘year’]

quinquereme /ˈkwiŋkwiri:m/ n.  an ancient Roman galley probably having five oarsmen to each bank of oars (古罗马的)五排桨大船 [Latin quinqueremis (as QUINQUE-, remus ‘oar’)]

quinquevalent /kwinkwiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem. 【化】  = PENTAVALENT 

quinsy /ˈkwinzi/ n.  an inflammation of the throat, esp. an abscess in the region of the tonsils 扁桃体周脓肿 □ quinsied  adj.   [Middle English via Old French quinencie and medieval Latin quinancia from Greek kunagkhē, from kun- ‘dog’ + agkhō ‘throttle’]

quint /kint, kwint/ n.  1  a sequence of five cards in the same suit in piquet etc. (纸牌的)同花顺 2 N. Amer.  a quintuplet [北美]五胞胎之一 [French quinte from Latin quinta, fem. of quintus ‘fifth’ from quinque ‘five’]

quintain /ˈkwintin/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a post set up as a mark in tilting, and often provided with a sandbag to swing round and strike an unsuccessful tilter 矛靶 2  the medieval military exercise of tilting at such a mark (中世纪骑士练习冲刺的)持矛刺靶练习 [Middle English from Old French quintaine, perhaps ultimately via Latin quintana, a street in a Roman camp separating the fifth and sixth maniples, from quintus (manipulus) ‘fifth (maniple)’]

quintal /ˈkwint(ə)l/ n.  1  a weight of about 100 lb 大约 100 磅的重量 2  a hundredweight (112 lb) 英担(等于 112 英磅) 3  a weight of 100 kg 公担(等于 100 公斤) [Middle English via Old French quintal, medieval Latin quintale from Arabic kintɑˉr]

quintan /ˈkwint(ə)n/ adj. (of a fever etc.) recurring every fifth day (发烧等)五日热的，每五天发生一次的 [Latin quintana from quintus ‘fifth’]

quinte /kãt/ n.  the fifth of eight parrying positions in fencing (击剑八种姿势中的)第五种防守架势 [French: see QUINT]

quintessence /kwinˈtes(ə)ns/ n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the purest and most perfect, or most typical, form, manifestation, or embodiment of some quality or class 典型，典范，本质，实质，本体，实体 2  the most essential part of a substance; a refined extract 精华，精髓 3 (in ancient philosophy) a fifth substance (beside the four elements) forming heavenly bodies and pervading all things (古代哲学中除了空气、水、火、土四种要素之外的)第五要素 □ quintessential  /kwintiˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ quintessentially  /kwintiˈsenʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English (in sense 3) via French from medieval Latin quinta essentia ‘fifth ESSENCE’]

quintet /kwinˈtet/ n. (also 亦作 quintette)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for five voices or instruments 五重奏(曲)，五重唱(曲)b  the performers of such a piece 五重奏演奏者，五重唱演唱者 2  any group of five 五个一组，五件一套 [French quintette via Italian quintetto, from quinto ‘fifth’, from Latin quintus]

quintillion /kwinˈtiljən/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or quintillions)  a thousand raised to the sixth (or formerly, esp. Brit., the tenth) power (1018 and 1030 respectively) 1018 (1000 的 6 次方)；(旧时尤指英国的)1030(1000 的 10 次方) □ quintillionth  adj. & n.   [Latin quintus ‘fifth’ + MILLION]

Quintin /ˈkwintin/   昆廷 [人名]

quint major n. Cards  a quint headed by an ace 【牌戏】(扑克牌等的)大同花顺(指以 A 为首的同花色五张连号的牌，即 A 、 K 、 Q 、 J 、 10)

quintuple /ˈkwintjʊp(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  fivefold; consisting of five parts 五的，五倍的，五重的，由五部分组成的 2  involving five parties 五方的，五部分的 3 (of time in music) having five beats in a bar (乐曲中每一小节有)五拍的 ●n.  a fivefold number or amount 五倍，五倍量 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by five; increase fivefold (使)成为五倍，乘以 5 □ quintuply  adv.   [French quintuple from Latin quintus ‘fifth’, on the patten of QUADRUPLE]

quintuplet /ˈkwintjʊplit, kwinˈtju:plit/ n.  1  each of five children born at one birth 五胞胎之一 2  a set of five things working together 五个一组；五件一套 3 Mus.  a group of five notes to be performed in the time of three or four 【音】五连音(指在三或四拍时间内均匀地奏出五个音) [QUINTUPLE, on the pattern of QUADRUPLET, TRIPLET]

quintuplicate adj. & v. ●adj. /kwinˈtju:plikət/  1  fivefold 五倍的，五重的 2  of which five copies are made 一式五份的 ●v. tr. & intr. /kwinˈtju:plikeit/  multiply by five 使成五倍，乘以五 □ in quintuplicate   1  in five identical copies 把…做成一式五份 2  in groups of five 五件一套，五人一组 [French quintuple from Latin quintus ‘fifth’, on the pattern of QUADRUPLICATE]

quip /kwip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a clever saying; an epigram; a sarcastic remark etc. 妙语；俏皮话；讽刺话 2  a quibble; an equivocation 遁词，暧昧话 ●v. intr. (quipped, quipping)  make quips 说风趣(讽刺)的话 □ quipster  n.   [perhaps from Latin quippe ‘forsooth’]

quipu /ˈki:pu:, ˈkwi-/ n.  the ancient Peruvian method of recording information, events, etc. by knotting threads of various colours in different ways (古秘鲁的)结绳语(以颜色和形状各不相同的绳结记录信息、事件等) [Quechua, = knot]

quire /kwaiə/ n.  1  four sheets of paper etc. folded to form eight leaves, as often in medieval manuscripts (中世纪抄本等的)四张对折的纸 2  any collection of leaves one within another in a manuscript or book 对折的一叠纸(书页) 3 25 (formerly 24) sheets of paper; one-twentieth of a ream (纸的)一刀 (25 张纸，旧时为 24 张) □ in quires   unbound; in sheets 书页折好尚未装订的 [Middle English from Old French qua(i)er, ultimately from Latin quaterni ‘set of four’ (as QUATERNARY)]

quirk /kwɜ:k/ n.  1  a peculiarity of behaviour 古怪的举止；怪癖 2  a trick of fate; a freak 命运的捉弄，怪异之事 3  a flourish in writing 书写的花体 4 (often 常作 attrib.) Archit.  a hollow in a moulding 【建】狭凹沟，深槽 □ quirkish  adj.  □ quirky  adj. (quirkier, quirkiest)  □ quirkily  adv.  □ quirkiness  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

quirt /kwɜ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  a short-handled riding whip with a braided leather lash (附有皮条辫的)短柄马鞭 ●v. tr.  strike with this 用马鞭鞭打(驱赶) [Spanish cuerda CORD]

quisling /ˈkwizliŋ/ n.  1  a person cooperating with an occupying enemy; a collaborator or fifth columnist 卖国贼，内奸 2  a traitor 叛徒 □ quislingite  adj. & n.   [from the name of V. Quisling, renegade Norwegian Army officer d. 1945]

quit /kwit/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (quitting; past and past part. quitted or quit)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give up; let go; abandon (a task etc.) 放弃，舍弃，抛弃(任务等) 2 N. Amer.  cease; stop [北美]停止，终止  quit grumbling  停止抱怨 3  a  leave or depart from (a place, person, etc.) 离开，远离，告别(某地、某人等)b (absol. [含宾]) (of a tenant) leave occupied premises (esp. 尤用于 notice to quit 通知停租) (指房客)迁出，搬出 4 (作 refl.)  acquit; behave 表现  quit oneself well  表现良好 ●predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  rid 摆脱的；免除的  glad to be quit of the problem  为摆脱了问题而高兴 □ quit hold of   loose 放开，放掉，撇开 [Middle English via Old French quitte, quitter and medieval Latin quittus from Latin quietus QUIET]

quitch /kwitʃ/ n. (in full 全称 quitch-grass)  = COUCH2  [Old English cwice, perhaps related to QUICK]

quite /kwait/ adv.  1  completely; entirely; wholly; to the utmost extent; in the fullest sense 完全地，整体地，十分地，彻底地  I quite agree  我完全同意 2  somewhat; rather; to some extent 颇为，相当，在某种程度上  she's quite nice  她相当不错 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 so)  said to indicate agreement 用于表示同意或理解 □ quite a   a remarkable or outstanding (person or thing) (指人或事物)不寻常的，独特的，为人瞩目的，突出的，优秀的  it was quite an event  这是件很不寻常的事情□ quite another (or other)   very different 完全不同的  that's quite another matter  这是完全不同的事□ quite a few  colloq.  a fairly large number of [口]相当(多)的，很不少□ quite some   a large amount of 非常多(大)  quite some time  很长时间□ quite something   a remarkable thing 很不寻常的事情 [Middle English from obsolete adjective quite = QUIT]

quits /kwits/ predic. adj.  on even terms by retaliation or repayment (结清、偿清使得)相抵消的；对等的  then we'll be quits  那我们就互不相欠，两清了 □ call it (or cry) quits   acknowledge that things are now even; agree not to proceed further in a quarrel etc. 同意不分胜负；同意停止争吵等 [perhaps colloq. abbreviation of medieval Latin quittus: see QUIT]

quittance /ˈkwit(ə)ns/ n. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1 (foll. by 后跟 from)  a release 免除，解除 2  an acknowledgement of payment; a receipt (付讫的)证书，收据 [Middle English from Old French quitance, from quiter QUIT]

quitter /ˈkwitə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who gives up easily 不善始善终的人，半途而废的人，轻易放弃的人 2  a shirker 逃避责任的人，懦夫

quiver1 /ˈkwivə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  tremble or vibrate with a slight rapid motion , esp. (尤指) 颤抖，抖动，震颤a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  as the result of emotion 因情绪而造成  quiver with anger  气得发抖b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  as the result of air currents etc. 因气流而造成  quiver in the breeze  在微风中摇摆 2 tr. (of a bird, esp. a skylark) make (its wings) quiver (云雀等)抖动(翅膀) ●n.  a quivering motion or sound 抖动，颤动，颤音 □ quiveringly  adv.  □ quivery  adj.   [Middle English from obsolete quiver ‘nimble’: cf. QUAVER]

quiver2 /ˈkwivə/ n.  an archer's portable case for holding arrows 箭袋，箭筒 □ have an arrow (or shaft) left in one's quiver   not be resourceless 还有本钱，还有办法可想 [Middle English via Old French quivre from West Germanic: related to Old English cocor]

quiverful /ˈkwivəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  as much as a quiver can hold 满箭筒的箭 2  many children of one parent 子女成群 (Ps. 127:5) [QUIVER2]

qui vive /ki: ˈvi:v/ n.   □ on the qui vive   on the alert; watching for something to happen 注视某事物发生，警惕着，注意着 [French, literally ‘(long) live who?’, i.e. ‘on whose side are you?’, as a sentry's challenge]

quixotic /kwikˈsɒtik/ adj.  extravagantly and romantically chivalrous; naively idealistic; impractical 堂吉诃德式的，空想的，不切实际的 □ quixotically  adv.  □ quixotism  /ˈkwiksətiz(ə)m/ n.  □ quixotry  /ˈkwiksətri/ n.   [from the name of Don Quixote, hero of Cervantes' romance, from Spanish quixote ‘thigh armour’]

quiz1 /kwiz/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. quizzes)  1  a test of knowledge, esp. between individuals or teams as a form of entertainment 知识竞赛；(尤指以娱乐形式在个人或各队之间进行的)问答比赛 2  an interrogation, examination, or questionnaire 询问，查问，问卷，调查 ●v. tr. (quizzed, quizzing)  examine by questioning (通过问题进行)考查，检查，调查 [19th-c., originally US: origin unknown]

quiz2 /kwiz/ v. & n. Brit. archaic [英古义] ●v. tr. (quizzed, quizzing)  1  look curiously at; observe the ways or oddities of; survey through an eyeglass 好奇地看，观察…的样子，透过有柄单孔眼镜打量 2  make sport of; regard with a mocking air 戏弄，取笑，挖苦，嘲弄 ●n. (pl. quizzes)  1  a hoax; a thing done to burlesque or expose another's oddities 恶作剧，讽刺，挖苦，嘲弄 2  a  an odd or eccentric person; a person of ridiculous appearance 怪人，相貌古怪的人，举止奇特的人b  a person given to quizzing. 受嘲弄者 □ quizzer  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

quizmaster /ˈkwizmɑ:stə/ n.  a person who presides over a quiz (知识竞赛节目的)主持人，提问者

quiz show n.  a television or radio light-entertainment programme in which people compete in a quiz, often for prizes (广播、电视的)知识竞赛节目，问答比赛节目

quizzical /ˈkwizik(ə)l/ adj.  1  expressing or done with mild or amused perplexity 取笑的，戏弄的，揶揄的 2  strange; comical 古怪的，滑稽的 □ quizzicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ quizzically  adv.  □ quizzicalness  n.  

quod /kwɒd/ n. Brit. slang  prison [英] [俚语]监狱 [17th c.: origin unknown]

quod erat demonstrandum /kwɒd ˌeræt demənˈstrændʊm/  (esp. at the conclusion of a proof etc.) which was the thing to be proved (abbr. 缩略 : QED) (尤指证言的结语)证毕，证完，证讫 [Latin]

quodlibet /ˈkwɒdlibet/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a topic for philosophical or theological discussion (神学或哲学的)供辩论的论题b  an exercise on this 纯理论辩论练习 2  a light-hearted medley of well-known tunes 集腋曲，各个著名旋律的随意组合 □ quodlibetarian  /-biˈtɛəriən/ n.   [Middle English from Latin, from quod ‘what’ + libet ‘it pleases one’]

quod vide /kwɒd ˈvi:dei/  which see (in cross-references etc.) (abbr. 缩略 : q.v.) 见…，参见…(书中的参照用语) [Latin]

quoin /kɔin, kwɔin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an external angle of a building (房屋的)外角，突角 2  a stone or brick forming an angle; a cornerstone (墙壁结合处的)隅石，墙角石(砖) 3 Printing  a wedge used for locking type in a forme 【印刷】版楔，紧版小楔子 4  a wedge for raising the level of a gun, keeping the barrel from rolling, etc. (支撑枪支、防止圆筒滚动等的)楔子，楔形支撑物 ●v. tr.  secure or raise with quoins. 用楔子或楔形物支撑 □ quoining  n.   [variant of COIN]

quoit /kɔit, kwɔit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy flattish sharp-edged iron ring thrown to encircle an iron peg or to land as near as possible to the peg (用来投掷套桩的)铁环 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a game consisting of aiming and throwing these 套桩游戏 3  a ring of rope, rubber, etc. for use in a similar game (用来套桩的)绳圈(橡胶圈等) 4  a  the flat stone of a dolmen (石桌坟的)平石板b  the dolmen itself 石桌坟 ●v. tr.  fling like a quoit 掷(铁环等)，抛(绳圈等) [Middle English: origin unknown]

quokka /ˈkwɒkə/ n.  a small Australian short-tailed wallaby, Setonix brachyurus (澳大利亚的)短尾矮袋鼠 [Nyungar]

quondam /ˈkwɒndəm, -dæm/ attrib. adj.  that once was; sometime; former 一度曾经的，昔日的；旧时的 [Latin (adv.), = formerly]

Quonset /ˈkwɒnsit/ n. US propr.  a prefabricated metal building with a semicylindrical corrugated roof [美] [商标]半圆筒瓦楞顶的金属活动房屋 [named after Quonset Point, Rhode Island, where it was first made]

quorate /ˈkwɔ:rət, -reit/ adj. Brit. (of a meeting) attended by a quorum [英] (会议)够法定人数的 [QUORUM]

Quorn /kwɔ:n/ n. propr.  a type of textured vegetable protein made from an edible fungus and used as a meat substitute [商标]素肉(用可食真菌制成的蛋白质，用作肉类代用品) [the former name of a village (now Quorndon) in Leicestershire, incorporated in the name of the original manufacturer]

quorum /ˈkwɔ:rəm/ n.  the fixed minimum number of members that must be present to make the proceedings of an assembly or society valid (会议的)法定人数 [Latin, = of whom (we wish that you be two, three, etc.), in the wording of commissions]

quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ n. (pl. quotas)  1  the share that an individual person or company is bound to contribute to or entitled to receive from a total 份额，分担部分，分得部分 2  a quantity of goods etc. which under official controls must be manufactured, exported, imported, etc. (货物生产、进出口等的)配额，限额，定额，控制额 3  the number of yearly immigrants allowed to enter a country, students allowed to enrol for a course, etc. 最高限额；移民额；(学生)录取配额 [medieval Latin quota (pars) ‘how great (a part)’, fem. of quotus, from quot ‘how many’]

quotable /ˈkwəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  worth, or suitable for, quoting 值得引用(引证)的；适于引用(引证)的 □ quotability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

quotation /kwə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of quoting or being quoted 引用，引述，引证 2  a passage or remark quoted 引语，引文，语录 3  a contractor's estimate 估价，报价 4 Stock Exch.  an amount stated as the current price of stocks or commodities 【股】行情，牌价 5 Mus.  a short passage or tune taken from one piece of music to another 【音】(乐曲中的)引进的乐章(曲子) [medieval Latin quotatio (as QUOTE)]

quotation mark n.  each of a set of punctuation marks, single (‘’) or double (“”), used to mark the beginning and end of a quoted passage, a book title, etc., or words regarded as slang or jargon. (单、双)引号 (‘’ 或“”)

quote /kwəʊt/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  cite or appeal to (an author, book, etc.) in confirmation of some view 援引或提到(作家、书等)以支持某论点 2  repeat a statement by (another person) or copy out a passage from 重复，引用(他人)的话或段落  don't quote me  不要引述我的话 3 (often absol. [常含宾])  a  repeat or copy out (a passage) usu. with an indication that it is borrowed 引用，引述(他人的语言或文字)b (foll. by 后跟 from)  cite (an author, book, etc.) 引用(作者、书籍等) 4 (foll. by 后跟 as)  cite (an author etc.) as proof, evidence, etc. 引用(作家)作为证据等 5  a  enclose (words) in quotation marks 用引号把(话)括起来，把(话)放入引号b (as 作 int.) (in dictation, reading aloud, etc.) indicate the presence of opening quotation marks (在听写、大声朗读等时)说明引用的内容  he said, quote, ‘I shall stay’  他说，引语：“我将留下来” 6  a  state (the price) of a job to a person (对某一工作的报酬)开价  they quoted £ 600 for the work  他们对这一工作的报酬是 600 英镑b (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  state the price of (a commodity, stock, etc.); name (a racehorse) at specified odds (对某商品、股票等的)报价；对(某匹赛马的)开价，喊价  the securities had not yet been quoted  这些证券尚未开价 the horse was quoted at 200 to 1  这匹马的报价是 200 比 1 7 Stock Exch.  regularly list the price of 【股】列出股市行情 ●n. colloq. [口]  1  a passage quoted 引文 2  a price quoted 开价，牌价 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  quotation marks 问号 [earlier = mark with numbers: Middle English from medieval Latin quotare, from quot ‘how many’, or as QUOTA]

quoth /kwəʊθ/ v. tr. (only in 1st and 3rd person 仅用于第一和第三人称) archaic  said [古义]说 [Old English cwœth, past of cwethan ‘say’, from Germanic]

quotidian /kwɒˈtidiən, kwəʊ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  daily; of every day 日常的，每日发生的 2  commonplace, trivial 普通的，平常的，平凡的 ●n. (in full 全称 quotidian fever)  a fever recurring every day 每日热，日发疟 [Middle English from Old French cotidien & Latin cotidianus, from cotidie ‘daily’]

quotient /ˈkwəʊʃ(ə)nt/ n.  a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another (数学的)商 [Middle English from Latin quotiens ‘how many times’, from quot ‘how many’, by confusion with -ENT]

Quran (also 亦作 Qur'an) var.  of KORAN KORAN 的变体

q.v. abbr. [缩略] quod vide  

qwerty /ˈkwɜ:ti/ attrib. adj. (also 亦作 QWERTY)  denoting the standard keyboard on English-language typewriters, word processors, etc., with q, w, e, r, t, and y as the first keys on the top row of letters 标准打字机键盘(其上排左首 6 个字母为 q 、 w 、 e 、 r 、 t 、 y)

qy. abbr. [缩略]  query 

R1 /ɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 r) (pl. Rs or R's)  the eighteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 18 个字母 □ the r months   the months with r in their names (September to April) as the season for oysters 9 月至下一年 4 月(牡蛎当令季节，月名都含有 r)

R2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 R.)  1  Regina   Elizabeth R  伊丽莎白女王 2  Rex  3  River  4 (also 亦作 ®)  registered as a trade mark 注册商标符号 5 Chess  rook 【棋类】车 6  right  7  rand  8  Réaumur  9  radius  10  reverse (gear) 倒车(装置)

R3 symb. [符]  1  roentgen  2  electrical resistance 电阻 3 (in chemical formulae) an organic radical or group (化学分子式中的)基(常指有机基)

r abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 r.)  1  right  2  recto  3  run(s)  4  radius 

RA abbr. [缩略]  1  a (in the UK) Royal Academy (英国)皇家艺术院b (in the UK) Royal Academician (英国)皇家艺术院院士 2 (in the UK) Royal Artillery (英国)皇家炮兵 3  right ascension 赤经

Ra symb. Chem.  the element radium [符]【化】(化学元素)镭

RAAF abbr.  Royal Australian Air Force [缩略] (皇家)澳大利亚空军

Rabat /rəˈbɑ:t/ n.  拉巴特 [摩洛哥首都]

rabbet /ˈræbit/ n. & v. ●n.  a step-shaped channel etc. cut along the edge or face or projecting angle of a length of wood etc., usu. to receive the edge or tongue of another piece Also called 亦称作 rebate (木板等的)槽口，槽舌结合；榫头 ●v. tr. (rabbeted, rabbeting)  1  join or fix with a rabbet 用槽口(或榫头)嵌接 2  make a rabbet in 在…上开槽口(或榫头) [Middle English from Old French rab(b)at ‘abatement, recess’, from rabattre REBATE1]

rabbet plane n.  a plane for cutting a groove along an edge 边刨，槽刨

rabbi /ˈræbai/ n. (pl. rabbis)  1  a Jewish scholar or teacher, esp. of the law 大师；夫子(对犹太学者、教师的尊称，尤指其中从事法学者) 2  a person appointed as a Jewish religious leader 拉比(犹太教领袖) □ rabbinate  /ˈræbinət/ n.   [Old English from ecclesiastical Latin via Greek rhabbi from Hebrew rabbî ‘my master’, from rab ‘master’ + pronominal suffix]

rabbinical /rəˈbinik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 rabbinic)  of or relating to rabbis, or to Jewish law or teaching (有关)拉比的；(有关)犹太律法、教义的 □ rabbinically  adv.  

rabbit /ˈræbit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various burrowing gregarious plant-eating mammals of the family Leporidae, esp. Oryctolagus cuniculus, with long ears and a short tail, varying in colour from brown in the wild to black and white, and kept as a pet or for meat 兔；穴兔b US  a hare [美]野兔c  the fur of the rabbit 兔的毛皮 2 Brit. colloq.  a poor performer in any sport or game [英口]蹩脚运动员 ●v. intr. (rabbited, rabbiting)  1  hunt rabbits 猎兔 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, away) Brit. colloq.  talk excessively or pointlessly; chatter [英口]唠叨；闲扯  rabbiting on about his holiday  对他的假期唠叨不休 □ rabbity  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old French (cf. French dialect rabotte), perhaps of Low Dutch origin]

rabbit punch n.  a short chop with the edge of the hand to the nape of the neck 对准后颈的猛力劈击

rabbit warren n.  an area in which rabbits have their burrows, or are kept for meat etc. 野兔群居地；养兔场

rabble1 /ˈræb(ə)l/ n.  1  a disorderly crowd; a mob 乌合之众，暴民 2  a contemptible or inferior set of people 贱民，下等人 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  the lower classes or disorderly section of the populace 下层民众；群氓 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

rabble2 /ˈræb(ə)l/ n.  an iron bar with a bent end for stirring molten metal etc. (搅炼用的)搅拌棒 [French rɑˆble from medieval Latin rotabulum, Latin rutabulum ‘fire-shovel’, from ruere rut- ‘rake up’]

rabble-rouser n.  a person who stirs up the rabble or a crowd of people in agitation for social or political change 煽动暴民者；蛊惑人心的政客 □ rabble-rousing  adj. & n.  

Rabelaisian /ræbəˈleiziən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like Rabelais or his writings (法国讽刺作家)拉伯雷的；拉伯雷派作家的；拉伯雷作品的；拉伯雷派讽刺作品的 2  marked by exuberant imagination and language, coarse humour, and satire 拉伯雷风格的(指想像丰富、语言华丽、粗俗诙谐、并具讽刺) ●n.  an admirer or student of Rabelais 拉伯雷的崇拜者或研究者 [F. Rabelais, French satirist d. 1553]

rabid /ˈræbid, ˈrei-/ adj.  1  furious, violent 狂暴的，激烈的  rabid hate  愤恨 2  unreasoning; headstrong; fanatical 盲目冲动的；刚愎的；狂热的  a rabid anarchist  极端的无政府主义者 3 (esp. of a dog) affected with rabies; mad (尤指狗)患狂犬病的；疯的 4  of or connected with rabies 狂犬病的；与狂犬病有关的 □ rabidity  /rəˈbiditi/ n.  □ rabidly  adv.  □ rabidness  n.   [Latin rabidus from rabere ‘rave’]

rabies /ˈreibi:z, -iz/ n.  a contagious and fatal viral disease of dogs and other mammals, transmissible through the saliva to humans etc. and causing madness and convulsions; hydrophobia 狂犬病(狗和其他一些哺乳动物的病毒性传染病，通过唾液传染人类，可导致疯狂和抽搐等)；恐水病 [Latin from rabere ‘rave’]

RAC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Automobile Club (英国)皇家汽车俱乐部 2 (in the UK) Royal Armoured Corps (英国)皇家装甲兵

raccoon /rəˈku:n/ n. (also 亦作 racoon)  1  any greyish-brown furry N. American nocturnal flesh-eating mammal of the genus Procyon, with a bushy tail and sharp snout 浣熊；浣熊属动物(北美的夜行食肉动物，毛皮呈灰褐色，长嘴，尾毛浓密) 2  the fur of the raccoon 浣熊毛皮 [Algonquian dialect]

race1 /reis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a contest of speed between runners, horses, vehicles, ships, etc. 速度竞赛，比赛(如赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a series of these for horses, dogs, etc. at a fixed time on a regular course 大赛(指多项目的赛马、赛狗会等) 3  a contest between persons to be first to achieve something (技能争夺的)比赛；竞赛 4  a  a strong or rapid current flowing through a narrow channel in the sea or a river 海，河的急流  a tide race  潮汐引起的急流b  the channel of a stream etc. 水道，沟渠  a mill-race  磨坊引水槽 5  each of two grooved rings in a ball-bearing or roller bearing 滚珠轴承的座圈 6 Austral.  a fenced passageway for drafting sheep etc. [澳] (羊等通过的)栅栏过道 7 Brit.  a passageway along which football players etc. run to enter the field [英] (足球运动员等的)入场通道 8 (in weaving) the channel along which the shuttle moves (织布机的)走梭板 9 archaic [古义]  a  the course of the sun or moon (日、月的)行程b  the course of life 人生路程  has run his race  已经度过了一生 ●v.  1 intr.  take part in a race 参加比赛 2 tr.  have a race with 与…比赛 3 tr.  try to surpass in speed (在速度上)试图超过 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  compete in speed with 与…比赛速度 5 tr.  cause (a horse, car, etc.) to race 使(马、车辆等)参加比赛 6  a intr.  move swiftly; go at full or (of an engine, propeller, the pulse, etc.) excessive speed 快速运动；全速运动，(发动机、螺旋桨等)运转过猛，(脉搏)急跳b tr.  cause (a person or thing) to do this 使(人或物)急速行动，运行，运作  raced the bill through the House  使议案在议会迅速通过 7 intr. (usu. as 通常作 racing adj.)  follow or take part in horse racing 热中从事或参加赛马  a racing man  赛马(或赛车)迷 □ not in the race  Austral. slang  having no chance [澳] [俚语]没有机会，没有可能 [Middle English, = running, from Old Norse rɑˊs]

race2 /reis/ n.  1  each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics 人种，种族 2  a tribe, nation, etc., regarded as of a distinct ethnic stock 部族；民族 3  the fact or concept of division into races 种族  discrimination based on race  种族歧视 4  a genus, species, breed, or variety of animals, plants, or micro-organisms (动植物或微生物的)属；种类；品种 5  a group of persons, animals, or plants connected by common descent 同宗的人、动物或植物 6  any great division of living creatures (生物的)类  the feathered race  鸟类 the four-footed race  四足类 7  descent; kindred 世系，血统；家族  of noble race  出身高贵的 separate in language and race  以语言和世系区分开 8  a class of persons etc. with some common feature 同道，同流，同类  the race of poets  诗人 [French from Italian razza, of unknown origin]

race3 /reis/ n.  a ginger root 姜根 [Old French rais, raiz from Latin radix radicis ‘root’]

racecard /ˈreiskɑ:d/ n.  a programme of races (赛马、赛狗等的)比赛程序单

racecourse /ˈreiskɔ:s/ n.  a ground or track for horse racing 赛马场；赛马跑道

racegoer /ˈreisɡəʊə/ n.  a person who frequents horse races 赛马会的常客

racehorse /ˈreishɔ:s/ n.  a horse bred or kept for racing 赛马用的马

racemate /ˈræsimeit/ n. Chem.  a racemic mixture 【化】外消旋盐，外消旋酒石酸盐

raceme /ˈræsi:m, rəˈsi:m/ n. Bot.  a flower cluster with the separate flowers attached by short equal stalks at equal distances along a central stem (cf. 参见 CYME) 【植】总状花序 [Latin racemus ‘grape-bunch’]

race meeting n. Brit.  a sporting event consisting of a sequence of horse races at one place [英]赛马会

race memory n.  a supposedly inherited subconscious memory of events in human history or prehistory 种族记忆(被认为是世代相传并深层累积下的种族在人类历史或史前经历的记忆)

racemic /rəˈsi:mik, rəˈsemik/ adj. Chem.  composed of equal numbers of dextrorotatory and laevorotatory molecules of a compound 【化】外消旋的，外消旋化合物的 □ racemize  /ˈræsimaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [RACEME + -IC, originally of tartaric acid in grape juice]

racemose /ˈræsiməʊs/ adj.  1 Bot.  in the form of a raceme 【植】总状花序的 2 Anat. (of a gland etc.) clustered 【解】(腺)葡萄状的 [Latin racemosus (as RACEME)]

racer /ˈreisə/ n.  1  a horse, yacht, bicycle, etc., of a kind used for racing 比赛用的马、艇、自行车等 2  a circular horizontal rail along which the carriage or traversing-platform of a heavy gun moves (重型火炮的)炮台 3  a person or thing that races 参赛者

race relations n. pl.  relations between members of different races usu. in the same country (尤指一国内部的)种族关系

race riot n.  an outbreak of violence due to racial antagonism (由种族对抗引起的)种族暴动

racetrack /ˈreistræk/ n.  1  = RACECOURSE  2  a track for motor racing 赛车跑道

raceway /ˈreiswei/ n.  1  a track or channel along which something runs, esp. 运动路径，尤指 :a  a channel for water 水道b  a groove in which ball-bearings run (滚珠轴承的)座圈，滚道c  a pipe or tubing enclosing electrical wires (布电线的)线槽 2 esp. US [尤美]  a  a track for trotting, pacing, or harness racing 跑马道；马车赛车道b  a racecourse 赛马跑道；赛马场c  a track for motor racing 赛车跑道

Rachel /ˈreitʃəl/   雷切尔 [人名]

rachis /ˈreikis/ n. (pl. rachides /-kidi:z/)  1 Bot. 【植】  a  a stem of grass etc. bearing flower stalks at short intervals 花序轴b  the axis of a compound leaf or frond 叶轴 2 Anat.  the vertebral column or the cord from which it develops 【解】脊椎，脊柱 3 Zool.  the shaft of a feather, esp. the part bearing the barbs 【动】羽轴；分脊 □ rachidial  /rəˈkidiəl/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek rhakhis ‘spine’: the English pl. -ides is erroneous]

rachitis /rəˈkaitis/ n.  rickets 佝偻病 □ rachitic  /-ˈkitik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek rhakhitis (as RACHIS)]

Rachmanism /ˈrækməniz(ə)m/ n. Brit.  the exploitation and intimidation of tenants by unscrupulous landlords [英]房主对房客肆无忌惮的剥削与威胁 [named after P. Rachman, London landlord of the early 1960s]

racial /ˈreiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or concerning race 人种的，种族的；民族的  racial diversities  种族多样性 racial minority  少数民族 2  on the grounds of or connected with difference in race 由种族差异引起的；与种族差异有关的  racial discrimination  种族歧视 racial tension  种族间的紧张状态 □ racially  adv.  

racialism /ˈreiʃəliz(ə)m/ n.  = RACISM 1  □ racialist  n. & adj.  

racing car n.  a motor car built for racing on a prepared track 赛车

racing driver n.  a driver of racing cars 赛车手

racism /ˈreisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a belief in the superiority of a particular race; prejudice based on this 种族主义；种族偏见b  antagonism towards, or discrimination against, other races, esp. as a result of this (尤指由种族主义或偏见导致的)种族对立；种族歧视 2  the theory that human abilities etc. are determined by race 人种优劣论 □ racist  n. & adj.  

rack1 /ræk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a framework usu. with rails, bars, hooks, etc., for holding or storing things (通常带有栏杆、横木、挂钩等的)存放架，搁物架b  a frame for holding animal fodder 喂草架 2  a cogged or toothed bar or rail engaging with a wheel or pinion etc., or using pegs to adjust the position of something 齿条；齿轨 3 hist.  an instrument of torture stretching the victim's joints by the turning of rollers to which the wrists and ankles were tied [史义]肢刑架(以转轮拉脱四肢关节的刑具) ●v. tr.  1 (of disease or pain) inflict suffering on (疾病或疼痛)折磨 2 hist.  torture (a person) on the rack [史义]对(人)施肢刑 3  place in or on a rack 把…放在架子上 4  shake violently 猛摇 5  injure by straining 扭伤 6  oppress (tenants) by exacting excessive rent 榨取(佃户)高额租金 7  exhaust (the land) by excessive use 耗竭(土地)地力 □ on the rack   suffering intense distress or strain 极度痛苦或紧张□ rack one's brains   make a great mental effort 绞尽脑汁  racked my brains for something to say  绞尽脑汁找话说□ rack up  N. Amer.  accumulate or achieve (a score etc.) [北美] (累积)取得(分数等) [Middle English rakke from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German rak, rek, probably from recken ‘stretch’]

rack2 /ræk/ n.  destruction (esp. 尤用于 rack and ruin 一团糟) 破坏，毁灭 [variant of WRACK, WRECK]

rack3 /ræk/ n.  a joint of lamb etc. including the front ribs (羊等连带前肋的)颈脊肉 [perhaps from RACK1]

rack4 /ræk/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  draw off (wine, beer, etc.) from the lees 从渣滓中榨出(酒等) [Middle English from Provençal arracar, from raca ‘stems and husks of grapes, dregs’]

rack5 /ræk/ n. & v. ●n.  driving clouds 浮云，飞云 ●v. intr. (of clouds) be driven before the wind (云)随风飘动 [Middle English, probably of Scandinavian origin: cf. Norwegian and Swedish dialect rak ‘wreckage’ etc. from reka ‘drive’]

rack6 /ræk/ n. & v. ●n.  a horse's gait between a trot and a canter (马的)轻跑，小步跑 ●v. intr.  progress in this way 轻跑前进，小步跑前进 [16th c.: origin unknown]

rack-and-pinion attrib. adj. (esp. of a steering system) using a rack and pinion (see 见 RACK1 n. 2, PINION2) (尤指转向装置)齿条齿轮式的

racket1 /ˈrækit/ n. (also 亦作 racquet)  1  a bat with a round or oval frame strung with catgut, nylon, etc., used in tennis, squash, etc. (网球、壁球等的)球拍 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a ball game for two or four persons played with rackets in a plain four-walled court (四周有围墙的)网拍式壁球 3  a snowshoe resembling a racket 球拍型雪鞋 [French racquette via Italian racchetta from Arabic rɑˉha ‘palm of the hand’]

racket2 /ˈrækit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a disturbance; an uproar; a din 纷乱；喧嚷；喧嚣b  social excitement; gaiety 繁忙的社交；狂欢 2 slang [俚语]  a  a scheme for obtaining money or attaining other ends by fraudulent and often violent means 敲诈，勒索钱财等b  a dodge; a sly game 伎俩；非法勾当 3 colloq.  an activity; a way of life; a line of business [口]活动；生计；行业  starting up a new racket  开始新行当 ●v. intr. (racketed, racketing) (often foll. by 常后跟 along, around)  make a racket, esp. by moving noisily 忙于应酬(尤指到处闹腾) □ rackety  adj.   [16th c.: perhaps imitative]

racketeer /rækiˈtiə/ n.  a person who operates a dishonest business 敲诈勒索者 □ racketeering  n.  

racket-tail n.  a S. American hummingbird, Loddigesia mirabilis, with a racket-shaped tail 拍尾蜂鸟(南美蜂鸟，鸟尾像球拍)

rack railway n.  a railway with a cogged rail between the bearing rails 齿轨铁路

rack-rent n. & v. ●n.  1  a high rent, annually equalling the full value of the property to which it relates (年值与出租物价值相等的)高额租金 2  an extortionate rent 敲诈性租金 ●v. tr.  exact this from (a tenant) or for (land) 向(佃户)收取高额租金；敲诈性出租(土地) [RACK1 v. + RENT1 n.]

rack-renter n.  a tenant paying or a landlord exacting an extortionate rent (敲诈性租金的)付租者或收租者

rack-wheel n.  a cogwheel (嵌)齿轮

raclette /ræˈklet/ n.  a Swiss dish of melted cheese, usu. eaten with potatoes 拉克莱特(一种热融干酪瑞士食品，通常与土豆合吃) [French, = small scraper, from the practice of holding the cheese over the heat and scraping it on to a plate as it melts]

racon /ˈreikɒn/ n. esp. US  a radar beacon that can be identified and located by its response to a radar signal from a ship etc. [尤美]雷达信标 [radar + beacon]

raconteur /rækɒnˈtɜ:/ n. (fem. raconteuse /-ˈtɜ:z/)  a teller of anecdotes 善于讲轶事(或故事)的人 [French from raconter ‘relate, recount’: see RECOUNT]

racoon var.  of RACCOON  RACCOON 的变体

racquet var.  of RACKET1  RACKET1 的变体

racy /ˈreisi/ adj. (racier, raciest)  1  lively and vigorous in style 充满活力的，活泼的；精力充沛的 2  risqué, suggestive 有伤风化的，猥亵的 3  having characteristic qualities in a high degree 保有原味的，具特色的  a racy flavour  地道风味 □ racily  adv.  □ raciness  n.   [RACE2 + -Y1]

rad1 /ræd/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  radian 弧度 [abbreviation]

rad2 /ræd/ n. slang  a political radical [俚语]激进分子 [abbreviation]

rad3 /ræd/ n. Physics  a unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, corresponding to the absorption of 0.01 joule per kilogram of absorbing material 【物理学】拉德(吸收辐射剂量单位，相当于每公斤吸收 0.01 焦耳) [radiation absorbed dose]

rad4 /ræd/ adj. slang  excellent, fantastic, cool [俚语]很棒的，很帅的，很酷的 [probably abbreviation of RADICAL]

rad5 /ræd/ n. colloq. [口]  radiator  [abbreviation]

RADA /ˈrɑ:də/ abbr. (in the UK) Royal Academy of Dramatic Art [缩略] (英国)皇家戏剧艺术学院

radar /ˈreidɑ:/ n.  1  a system for detecting the direction, range, or presence of aircraft, ships, and other (usu. moving) objects, by sending out pulses of high-frequency electromagnetic waves 雷达(通过发射高频电磁波脉冲探测飞机、轮船或其他移动物体的方向、范围等的系统) 2  the apparatus used for this 雷达装置，雷达设备 [radio detection and ranging]

radar trap n.  the use of radar to detect vehicles exceeding a speed limit 雷达阱，雷达测速(用雷达监测车速、查出超速车辆)

RADC abbr. (in the UK) Royal Army Dental Corps [缩略] (英国)皇家陆军牙医队

raddle /ˈræd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  red ochre (often used to mark sheep) 代赭石(常用来给羊作记号) ●v. tr.  1  colour with raddle or too much rouge 用红赭色涂；用胭脂浓抹 2 (as 作 raddled adj.)  worn out; untidy, unkempt 破旧的；凌乱的，蓬乱的 [variant of RUDDLE]

radial /ˈreidiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, concerning, or in rays 光线的，射线的 2  a  arranged like rays or radii; having the position or direction of a radius 半径的，径向的，放射的b  having spokes or radiating lines 辐式的，辐射(状)的c  acting or moving along lines diverging from a centre 径向运动的 3 Anat.  relating to the radius 【解】桡骨的  radial artery  桡动脉 4 (in full 全称 radial-ply) (of a vehicle tyre) having the core fabric layers arranged radially at right angles to the circumference and the tread strengthened (轮胎)子午的，径向帘布层的 ●n.  1 Anat.  the radial nerve or artery 【解】桡神经；桡动脉 2  a radial-ply tyre (see sense 4 of adj. 见形容词释义 4) 径向帘布层轮胎 □ radially  adv.   [medieval Latin radialis (as RADIUS)]

radial engine n.  an engine having cylinders arranged along radii 星形发动机

radial keratotomy  see 见 KERATOTOMY 

radial symmetry n.  symmetry occurring about any number of lines or planes passing through the centre of an organism etc. 辐射对称

radial velocity n. esp. Astron.  the speed of motion along a radial line, esp. between a star etc. and an observer (尤)【天】视向速度，径向速度

radian /ˈreidiən/ n. Geom.  a unit of angle, equal to an angle at the centre of a circle the arc of which is equal in length to the radius 【几】弧度 [RADIUS + -AN]

radiant /ˈreidiənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  emitting rays of light 发光的 2 (of eyes or looks) beaming with joy or hope or love (眼神、目光)洋溢着幸福(希望、爱)的 3 (of beauty) splendid or dazzling (美貌)光华照人的 4 (of light) issuing in rays (光)放射的，辐射的 5  operating radially 放射状运作的 6  extending radially; radiating 放射状扩展的；辐射的 ●n.  1  the point or object from which light or heat radiates, esp. in an electric or gas heater 辐射源，光源，热源(尤指电热器或煤气加热器等) 2 Astron.  a radiant point 【天】(流星雨的)辐射点 □ radiance  n.  □ radiancy  n.  □ radiantly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin radiare (as RADIUS)]

radiant heat n.  heat transmitted by radiation, not by conduction or convection 辐射热 □ radiant heater  n.  辐射供暖器

radiant point n.  1  a point from which rays or radii proceed 辐射源 2 Astron.  the apparent focal point of a meteor shower 【天】(流星雨的)辐射点

radiate v. & adj. ●v. /ˈreidieit/  1 intr.  a  emit rays of light, heat, or other electromagnetic waves 发光；放热；发射电磁波b (of light or heat) be emitted in rays (光、热)辐射，发散 2 tr.  emit (light, heat, or sound) from a centre 发射(光、热、声音) 3 tr.  transmit or demonstrate (life, love, joy, etc.) 流露，洋溢(生机、爱、欢乐等)  radiates happiness  洋溢着幸福 4 intr. & tr.  diverge or cause to diverge or spread from a centre (使)从中心发散 5 tr. (as 作 radiated adj.)  with parts arranged in rays 放射形的 ●adj. /ˈreidiət/  having divergent rays or parts radially arranged 辐射的；放射形的 □ radiately  /-ətli/ adv.  □ radiative  /-ətiv/ adj.   [Latin radiare radiat- (as RADIUS)]

radiation /reidiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of radiating; the process of being radiated 发光；放射，辐射；辐射作用 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving particles (能量以电磁波或移动粒子的形式)放射b  the energy transmitted in this way, esp. invisibly 放射的能量 □ radiational  adj.  □ radiationally  adv.   [Latin radiatio (as RADIATE)]

radiation chemistry n.  the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter 放射化学，辐射化学

radiation sickness n.  sickness caused by exposure to radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays 辐射病，放射病

radiation therapy n.  = RADIOTHERAPY 

radiator /ˈreidieitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that radiates 辐射体(人或物) 2  a  a device for heating a room etc., consisting of a metal case through which hot water or steam circulates 供暖器，暖气装置b  a usu. portable oil or electric heater resembling this (通常指手提的)燃油炉；电炉 3  an engine-cooling device in a motor vehicle or aircraft with a large surface for cooling circulating water (汽车或飞机引擎的)散热器

radiator grille n.  a grille at the front of a motor vehicle allowing air to circulate to the radiator (汽车的)散热器护栅

radical /ˈrædik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the root or roots; fundamental 根本的；基本的  a radical error  根本性错误 2  far-reaching; thorough; going to the root 深远的；彻底的；归根到底的  radical change  彻底的改变 3  a  advocating thorough reform; holding extreme political views; revolutionary 主张彻底改革的，激进的；极端的，过激的；革命的b (of a measure etc.) advanced by or according to principles of this kind (措施等)以彻底改革为原则提出的 4  forming the basis; primary 基本的；首要的  the radical idea  基本观念 5 Math.  of the root of a number or quantity 【数】根的 6 (of surgery etc.) seeking to ensure the removal of all diseased tissue (外科手术等)根治的，完全切除的 7  of the roots of words 词根的 8 Mus.  belonging to the root of a chord 【音】根音的 9 Bot.  of, or springing direct from, the root 【植】根生的 10 hist.  belonging to an extreme section of the Liberal party [史义]自由党激进派的 11 US hist.  seeking extreme anti-South action at the time of the Civil War [美史义]南北战争期间主张强烈反南方行动的 12 slang  excellent, outstanding, cool [俚语]棒极了的，顶呱呱的，酷的 ●n.  1  a person holding radical views or belonging to a radical party 激进分子；激进党派成员 2 Chem. 【化】  a  a free radical 自由基b  an element or atom or a group of these normally forming part of a compound and remaining unaltered during the compound's ordinary chemical changes 基，根，原子团 3  a  the root of a word 词根b  any of the basic set of approximately 214 Chinese characters from which more complex ones are mainly derived 汉字偏旁，部首 4  a fundamental principle; a basis 基本原则，原理；基础 5 Math. 【数】  a  a quantity forming or expressed as the root of another 根数；根式b  a radical sign 根号 □ radicalism  n.  □ radicalize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ radicalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ radically  adv.  □ radicalness  n.   [Middle English via Late Latin radicalis from Latin radix radicis ‘root’]

radical chic n.  1  the fashionable affectation of radical left-wing views 激进左派观点的时髦矫作 2  the dress, lifestyle, etc., associated with this 极左的衣着、生活方式等

radical sign n.  √ , 3 √ , etc., indicating the square, cube, etc., root of the number following 根号

radicchio /ræˈdi:kiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a variety of chicory with dark red leaves 菊苣 [Italian, = chicory]

radices pl.  of RADIX  

radicle /ˈrædik(ə)l/ n.  1  the part of a plant embryo that develops into the primary root; a rootlet 胚根；小根 2  a rootlike subdivision of a nerve or vein (神经、血管等的)小根，细根 □ radicular  /rəˈdikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin radicula (as RADIX)]

radii pl.  of RADIUS  

radio /ˈreidiəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  the transmission and reception of sound messages etc. by electromagnetic waves of radio frequency (cf. 参见 WIRELESS) 无线电发射(接收)b  an apparatus for receiving, broadcasting, or transmitting radio signals 收音机；无线电设备c  a message sent or received by radio 无线电讯 2  a  sound broadcasting in general 广播  prefers the radio  喜欢收听广播b  a broadcasting station or channel 广播电台(频道)  Radio One  广播电台第一套节目 ●v. (-oes, -oed)  1 tr.  a  send (a message) by radio 用无线电发送(或广播)b  send a message to (a person) by radio 向…发无线电报(或电话) 2 intr.  communicate or broadcast by radio 用无线电通讯或广播 [short for radiotelegraphy etc.]

radio- /ˈreidiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting radio or broadcasting 表示“无线电”或“广播” 2  a  connected with radioactivity 辐射的；放射性的b  denoting artificially prepared radioisotopes of elements (radio-caesium 放射铯) 表示“人工的放射性同位元素” 3  connected with rays or radiation 有关射线，辐射的 4 Anat.  belonging to the radius in conjunction with some other part (radio-carpal 桡腕的) 【解】表示“桡骨” [RADIUS + -O-, or from RADIO]

radioactive /ˌreidiəʊˈæktiv/ adj.  of or exhibiting radioactivity 放射性的；呈放射性的 □ radioactively  adv.  

radioactivity /ˌreidiəʊækˈtiviti/ n.  1  the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei, with the emission of usu. penetrating radiation or particles 放射现象 2  radioactive substances, or the radiation they emit 放射性物质；放射线；辐射线

radio-assay /ˌreidiəʊəˈsei/ n.  an analysis of a substance based on radiation from a sample 放射性鉴定，放射性分析

radio astronomy n.  the branch of astronomy concerned with the radio-frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum 射电天文学

radiobiology /ˌreidiəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the biology concerned with the effects of radiation on organisms and the application in biology of radiological techniques 放射生物学 □ radiobiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ radiobiologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ radiobiologist  n.  

radio cab n. (also 亦作 radio car)  a cab or car equipped with a two-way radio 装有无线电通讯设备的汽车

radiocarbon /ˌreidiəʊˈkɑ:b(ə)n/ n.  a radioactive isotope of carbon 放射性碳

radiocarbon dating n.  = CARBON DATING 

radio cassette player n.  a cassette player and radio in one unit 收录机

radiochemistry /ˌreidiəʊˈkemistri/ n.  the chemistry of radioactive materials 放射化学 □ radiochemical  adj.  □ radiochemist  n.  

radio-controlled /ˌreidiəʊkənˈtrəʊld/ adj. (of a model aircraft etc.) controlled from a distance by radio (模型飞机等)无线电遥控的

radio-element /ˌreidiəʊˈelim(ə)nt/ n.  a natural or artificial radioactive element or isotope 放射性元素

radio fix n.  the position of an aircraft, ship, etc., found by radio (飞机、船只的)无线电定位

radio frequency n. (pl. -ies)  the frequency band of telecommunication, ranging from 104-1011 or 1012 Hz 无线电频率 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : radio-frequency spectrum  射频谱

radio galaxy n.  a galaxy emitting radiation in the radio-frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum 射电星系

radiogenic /ˌreidiə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik, -ˈdʒi:n-/ adj.  1  produced by radioactivity 放射生成的 2  suitable for broadcasting by radio 适于无线电广播的 □ radiogenically  adv.  

radio-goniometer /ˌreidiəʊɡəʊniˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for finding direction using radio waves 无线电罗盘

radiogram /ˈreidiə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  1 Brit.  a combined radio and record player [英]收音电唱两用机 2  a picture obtained by X-rays, gamma rays, etc. 射线照片 3  a radio-telegram 无线电报 [RADIO - + -GRAM, GRAMOPHONE]

radiograph /ˈreidiə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an instrument recording the intensity of radiation 辐射强度指示器 2  = RADIOGRAM 2  ●v. tr.  obtain a picture of by X-ray, gamma ray, etc. 拍…的射线照片 □ radiographer  /-ˈɒɡrəfə/ n.  □ radiographic  /-diəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ radiographically  /-diəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ radiography  /-ˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  

radio ham  see 见 HAM n. 4 

radioimmunology /ˌreidiəʊimjʊˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the application of radiological techniques in immunology 放射免疫测定(法)

radioisotope /ˌreidiəʊˈaisətəʊp/ n.  a radioactive isotope 放射性同位素 □ radioisotopic  /-ˈtɒpik/ adj.  □ radioisotopically  /-ˈtɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  

radiolarian /ˌreidiə(ʊ)ˈlɛəriən/ n.  any marine protozoan of the superclass Actinopoda, having a siliceous skeleton and radiating pseudopodia 放射虫(海洋原生动物，生有硅酸质骨骼和辐射伪足) [modern Latin Radiolaria former order name, from Latin radiolus, diminutive of RADIUS]

radiology /reidiˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of X-rays and other high-energy radiation, esp. as used in medicine 辐射学；(尤指用于医学上的)放射学 □ radiologic  /-əˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ radiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ radiologist  n.  

radiometer /reidiˈɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity or force of radiation 放射量测定器，辐射计 □ radiometry  n.  

radiometric /ˌreidiə(ʊ)ˈmetrik/ adj.  of or relating to the measurement of radioactivity 辐射测量的；与辐射测量有关的

radiometric dating n.  a method of dating geological specimens by determining the relative proportions of the isotopes of a radioactive element present in a sample 放射性年龄(或年代)测定法

radionics /reidiˈɒniks/ n.  the study and interpretation of radiation believed to be emitted from substances, esp. as a form of diagnosis 射电电子学 [RADIO - + -onics, on the pattern of ELECTRONICS]

radionuclide /ˌreidiəʊˈnju:klaid/ n.  a radioactive nuclide 放射性核素

radiopaque /ˌreidiəʊˈpeik/ adj. (also 亦作 radio-opaque)  opaque to X-rays or similar radiation 射线(或辐射)透不过的 □ radiopacity  /-ˈpæsiti/ n.   [RADIO - + OPAQUE]

radiophonic /ˌreidiə(ʊ)ˈfɒnik/ adj.  of or relating to synthetic sound, esp. music, produced electronically (尤指音乐)电声的

radioscopy /reidiˈɒskəpi/ n.  the examination by X-rays etc. of objects opaque to light 放射线检查， X 光透视检查 □ radioscopic  /-əˈskɒpik/ adj.  

radiosonde /ˈreidiəʊsɒnd/ n.  a miniature radio transmitter broadcasting information about pressure, temperature, etc., from various levels of the atmosphere, carried esp. by balloon 无线电高空测候器，无线电探空仪 [RADIO - + German Sonde ‘probe’]

radio-telegram /ˌreidiəʊˈteliɡræm/ n.  a telegram sent by radio, usu. from a ship to land (通常由船上向陆地发送的)无线电报

radio-telegraphy /ˌreidiəʊtiˈleɡrəfi/ n.  telegraphy using radio transmission 无线电报术(学) □ radio-telegraph  /-ˈteliɡrɑ:f/ n.  

radio-telephony /ˌreidiəʊtiˈlef(ə)ni/ n.  telephony using radio transmission 无线电话术(学) □ radio-telephone  /-ˈtelifəʊn/ n.  □ radio-telephonic  /-teliˈfɒnik/ adj.  

radio telescope n.  a directional aerial system for collecting and analysing radiation in the radio-frequency range from stars etc. 射电望远镜

radiotelex /ˌreidiəʊˈteleks/ n.  a telex sent usu. from a ship to land (通常指从船只向陆地发出的)电报

radiotherapy /ˌreidiə(ʊ)ˈθerəpi/ n.  the treatment of cancer and other diseases by X-rays or other forms of radiation (用 X 光或其他射线治疗癌症或其他病症的)放射疗法 □ radiotherapeutic  /-ˈpju:tik/ adj.  □ radiotherapist  n.  

radish /ˈrædiʃ/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant, Raphanus sativus, with a fleshy pungent root 萝卜 2  this root, eaten esp. raw in salads etc. (于色拉中生吃的)萝卜 [Old English rœdic from Latin radix radicis ‘root’]

radium /ˈreidiəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element present in pitchblende and other uranium ores, used esp. in luminous materials and in radiotherapy (symbol 符 Ra) 【化】(化学元素)镭 [Latin radius ‘ray’]

radium emanation n.  = RADON 

radium therapy n.  the treatment of disease by the use of radium 镭疗(法)

radius /ˈreidiəs/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. radii /-diai/ or radiuses)  1 Math. 【数】  a  a straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle or sphere (圆、球的)半径b  a radial line from the focus to any point of a curve 半径c  the length of the radius of a circle etc. (圆等的)半径距离 2  a usu. specified distance from a centre in all directions 半径范围  within a radius of 20 miles  周围 20 英里内 has a large radius of action  有很大的活动范围 3  a  the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm (cf. 参见 ULNA) (人的)桡骨b  the corresponding bone in a vertebrate's foreleg or a bird's wing (脊椎动物或鸟的)径骨 4  any of the five arm-like structures of a starfish 海星的足 5  a  any of a set of lines diverging from a point like the radii of a circle 径向线b  an object of this kind, e.g. a spoke 辐射状物体(如车轮辐条) 6  a  the outer rim of a composite flower head, e.g. a daisy (菊科花的)边花b  a radiating branch of an umbel 伞形花序枝 ●v. tr. (radiused, radiusing)  give a rounded form to (an edge etc.) 使(边缘等)成弧形 [Latin, = staff, spoke, ray]

radius vector n. Math.  a variable line drawn from a fixed point to an orbit or other curve, or to any point as an indication of the latter's position 【数】(点的)向量径，位置向量

radix /ˈrædiks, ˈrei-/ n. (pl. radices /-disi:z/)  1 Math.  a number or symbol used as the basis of a numeration scale (e.g. ten in the decimal system) 【数】基，基数，底(如十进位中的 10) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a source or origin 根源 [Latin, = root]

radome /ˈreidəʊm/ n.  a dome or other structure, transparent to radio waves, protecting radar equipment, esp. on the outer surface of an aircraft 雷达天线罩 [radar + dome]

radon /ˈreidɒn/ n. Chem.  a naturally occurring gaseous radioactive inert element arising from the disintegration of radium, and used in radiotherapy (symbol 符 Rn) 【化】(化学元素)氡 [RADIUM, on the pattern of argon etc.]

radula /ˈrædjʊlə/ n. (pl. radulae /-li:/)  a filelike structure in molluscs for scraping off food particles and drawing them into the mouth (软体动物的)齿舌 □ radular  adj.   [Latin, = scraper, from radere ‘scrape’]

RAF /colloq. [口] ræf/ abbr. (in the UK) Royal Air Force [缩略] (英国)皇家空军

Rafferty's rules /ˈræfətiz/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  no rules at all, esp. in boxing [澳新口] (尤用于拳击)全无章法，无规则 [probably English dialect corruption of refractory]

raffia /ˈræfiə/ n.  1  a palm tree, Raphia ruffia, native to Madagascar, having very long leaves 酒椰 2  the fibre from its leaves used for making hats, baskets, etc., and for tying plants etc. 酒椰叶纤维 [Malagasy]

raffinate /ˈræfineit/ n. Chem.  a refined liquid oil produced by solvent extraction of impurities 【化】提余液，残油液 [French raffiner + -ATE1]

raffish /ˈræfiʃ/ adj.  1  disreputable, esp. in an attractive manner; rakish 声名狼藉的；轻浮的，放荡的 2  tawdry 俗艳的 □ raffishly  adv.  □ raffishness  n.   [as RAFT2 + -ISH1]

raffle1 /ˈræf(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a fund-raising lottery with goods as prizes (以集资为目的的)抽彩 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  dispose of by means of a raffle 以抽彩方式赠送(出售) [Middle English, a kind of dice game, from Old French raf(f)le, of unknown origin]

raffle2 /ˈræf(ə)l/ n.  1  rubbish; refuse 垃圾，废物 2  lumber; debris 杂物，碎片，碎屑 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French ne rifle, ne rafle ‘nothing at all’]

raft1 /rɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat floating structure of timber or other materials for conveying persons or things 筏，木排 2  a lifeboat or small (often inflatable) boat, esp. for use in emergencies (常为充气)救生筏 3  a floating accumulation of trees, ice, etc. 流木；浮冰 ●v.  1 tr.  transport as or on a raft (似木筏)浮于水面运送；用筏子运送 2 tr.  cross (water) on a raft 乘筏子渡(水) 3 tr.  form into a raft 把…做成筏子 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 across)  work a raft (across water etc.) 划筏；放筏 [Middle English from Old Norse raptr RAFTER1 (the earliest use in English)]

raft2 /rɑ:ft/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a large collection 大量，许多 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a crowd 群，人群 [raff ‘rubbish’, perhaps of Scandinavian origin]

rafter1 /ˈrɑ:ftə/ n.  each of the sloping beams forming the framework of a roof 椽 □ raftered  adj.   [Old English rœfter, related to RAFT1]

rafter2 /ˈrɑ:ftə/ n.  1  a person who rafts timber 运送飘流木料者 2  a person who travels by raft 乘筏人

raftsman /ˈrɑ:f(t)smən/ n. (pl. -men)  a worker on a raft 筏夫，放木排的人

rag1 /ræɡ/ n.  1  a  a torn, frayed, or worn piece of woven material 破布b  one of the irregular scraps to which cloth etc. is reduced by wear and tear 碎布 2 (in pl. 用复数)  old or worn clothes 破旧衣服 3 (collect. 集合名词)  scraps of cloth used as material for paper, stuffing, etc. (用作造纸原料或填料的)破布料 4 derog. [贬]  a  a newspaper 报纸b  a flag, handkerchief, curtain, etc. 旗；手帕；帷幕 5 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  the smallest scrap of cloth etc. 小片布  not a rag to cover him  他一丝不挂 6  an odd scrap; an irregular piece 碎片 7  a jagged projection, esp. on metal (尤指金属的)毛刺 □ in rags   1  much torn 破碎的 2  in old torn clothes 衣衫褴褛的 [Middle English, probably a back-formation from RAGGED]

rag2 /ræɡ/ n. & v. ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a fund-raising programme of stunts, parades, and entertainment organized by students (大学生旨在募捐的)狂欢会 2 colloq.  a prank [口]开玩笑；胡闹；恶作剧 3  a  a rowdy celebration 狂欢庆典b  a noisy disorderly scene 喧闹场面 ●v. (ragged, ragging)  1 tr.  tease; torment; play rough jokes on 惹；捉弄；取笑 2 tr.  scold; reprove severely 责骂；呵斥 3 intr. Brit.  engage in rough play; be noisy and riotous [英]搞恶作剧；胡闹；喧闹；嬉闹 [18th c.: origin unknown: cf. BALLYRAG]

rag3 /ræɡ/ n.  1  a large coarse roofing slate 石板瓦，屋顶岩板 2 Brit.  any of various kinds of hard coarse sedimentary stone that break into thick slabs [英]瓦板岩；石灰页岩 [Middle English: origin unknown, but associated with RAG1]

rag4 /ræɡ/ n. Mus.  a ragtime composition or tune 【音】雷格泰姆乐曲(曲调)，散拍乐曲(曲调) [perhaps from RAGGED: see RAGTIME]

raga /ˈrɑ:ɡə/ n. (also 亦作 rag /rɑ:ɡ/) (in Indian music 在印度音乐中)  1  a pattern of notes used as a basis for improvisation 拉加(用作即席演奏或演唱的特定旋律) 2  a piece using a particular raga 特定拉加乐曲 [Sanskrit, = colour, musical tone]

ragamuffin /ˈræɡəmʌfin/ n.  1  a person in ragged dirty clothes, esp. a child 衣衫褴褛的人(尤指儿童) 2 (also 亦作 raggamuffin)  a  an exponent or follower of ragga, typically dressing in ragged clothes (以破旧衣衫为特征的)拉格乐的热中者；追随者b  = RAGGA  [probably based on RAG1: cf. 14th-c. ragamoffyn, the name of a demon]

rag-and-bone man n. Brit.  an itinerant dealer in old clothes, furniture, etc. [英]收买破旧衣物、旧家具等的商贩

ragbag /ˈræɡbæɡ/ n.  1  a bag in which scraps of fabric etc. are kept for use 放零碎布料的袋子 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a miscellaneous collection 杂七杂八的一堆；大杂烩 3 slang  a sloppily-dressed woman [俚语]衣着邋遢的女人

rag bolt n.  a bolt with barbs to keep it tight when it has been driven in 棘螺栓

rag book n. Brit.  a children's book made of untearable cloth [英]布裱装儿童读物

rag doll n.  a stuffed doll made of cloth 碎布制玩偶，布娃娃

rage /reidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  fierce or violent anger 狂怒，暴怒 2  a fit of this 一阵狂怒  flew into a rage  勃然大怒 3  the violent action of a natural force (自然力的)狂暴，凶猛  the rage of the storm  暴风雨(或暴风雪)的肆虐 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a  a vehement desire or passion 强烈欲望；激情b  a widespread temporary enthusiasm or fashion 风靡一时的事物或时尚 5 poet.  poetic, prophetic, or martial enthusiasm or ardour [诗]激昂；激情；强烈欲望；狂热 6 esp. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a lively party [尤澳新口]热闹的聚会 ●v. intr.  1  be full of anger 发怒，发火 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, against)  speak furiously or madly; rave 怒斥，疯狂地说；叫嚷，咆哮 3  a (of wind, battle, fever, etc.) be violent; be at its height; continue unchecked (风)猛烈地刮；(战争)白热化；(发烧)持续不止b (as 作 raging adj.)  extreme, very painful 极度难受的，非常痛苦的  raging thirst  极渴 a raging headache  难忍的头痛 4 Austral. & NZ colloq.  seek enjoyment; have a good time; revel [澳新口]寻乐，享乐；狂欢 □ all the rage   very popular, fashionable 风行，风靡□ rager  n. (esp. in sense 4 of v. 尤用于动词释义 4)   [Middle English from Old French rager, ultimately from Latin RABIES]

ragee /ˈrɑ:ɡi:/ n. (also 亦作 raggee)  a coarse cereal, Eleusine coracana, forming a staple food in parts of India etc. 龙爪稷，鸭脚粟(印度等一些地方的主食谷物) [Hindi rɑˉgī]

ragga /ˈræɡə/ n.  a style of popular music combining elements of reggae and hip hop 拉格(一种结合雷盖(乐)与希普霍普风格的流行乐) [RAGAMUFFIN, from the style of clothing worn by its followers]

raggamuffin var.  of RAGAMUFFIN  2 RAGAMUFFIN 2 的变体

ragged /ˈræɡid/ adj.  1 (of clothes etc.) torn; frayed (衣服等)破烂的；磨破的；破旧的 2  rough; shaggy; hanging in tufts 蓬乱的 3 (of a person) in ragged clothes (人)衣衫褴褛的 4  with a broken or jagged outline or surface 参差不齐的；凹凸不平的 5 Printing (esp. of a right margin) unjustified and so uneven 【印刷】(尤指右边距)未对齐的 6  faulty; imperfect 有缺点的，不完善的 7  lacking finish, smoothness, or uniformity 粗糙的；不流畅的；不一致的  ragged rhymes  杂乱歪韵 8  exhausted (esp. 尤用于 be run ragged 被弄得筋疲力尽) 筋疲力尽 □ raggedly  adv.  □ raggedness  n.  □ raggedy  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse roggvathr ‘tufted’]

ragged robin n.  a pink-flowered campion, Lychnis flos-cuculi, with tattered petals Also called 亦称作 CUCKOO FLOWER 布谷鸟剪秋罗

raggee var.  of RAGEE  RAGEE 的变体

raggle-taggle /ˈræɡ(ə)ltæɡ(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 wraggle-taggle)  ragged; rambling, straggling 破烂的；混杂的 [apparently fanciful variant of RAGTAG]

raglan /ˈræɡlən/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  an overcoat without shoulder seams, the sleeves running up to the neck (袖缝至领部的)套袖大衣 [named after Lord Raglan, British commander d. 1855]

raglan sleeve n.  a sleeve which runs up to the neck of a garment 套袖

ragout /ræˈɡu:/ n. & v. ●n.  a highly-seasoned dish of meat cut into small pieces and stewed with vegetables 五香菜炖肉 ●v. tr.  make a ragout of 把…煮成五香杂烩 [French ragoût from ragoûter ‘revive the taste of’]

rag paper n.  paper made from rags 碎布优质纸

ragpicker /ˈræɡpikə/ n. esp. hist.  a collector and seller of rags [尤史义]捡破烂的人

ragstone /ˈræɡstəʊn/ n.  = RAG3 2 

rags-to-riches attrib. adj.  denoting a person who starts out poor and ends up rich, or a story describing such a development 从赤贫到巨富的

ragtag /ˈræɡtæɡ/ n. (in full 全称 ragtag and bobtail) derog.  the rabble or common people [贬]群氓；贱民；乌合之众 [earlier tag-rag, tag and rag, from RAG1 + TAG1]

ragtail /ˈræɡteil/ adj. esp. US  disorganized, ill-assorted, scraggly [尤美]紊乱的；混杂的；零乱的 [RAG1 + TAIL1, perhaps influenced by ragtag and bobtail]

ragtime /ˈræɡtaim/ n. & adj. ●n.  music characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment, evolved by American black musicians in the 1890s and played esp. on the piano 雷格泰姆音乐(一种多用切分音法的音乐，由美国黑人于 19 世纪 90 年代演变成的) ●adj. slang  disorderly, disreputable, inferior [俚语]混乱的；声名狼藉的；劣等的  a ragtime army  杂乱无章的军队 [probably from RAG4]

rag trade n. colloq.  the business of designing, making, and selling clothes [口]服装业

raguly /ˈræɡjʊli/ adj. Heraldry  like a row of sawn-off branches 【纹章学】类似一排锯断树枝的 [perhaps from RAGGED, on the pattern of nebuly]

ragweed /ˈræɡwi:d/ n.  1  = RAGWORT  2 N. Amer.  any plant of the genus Ambrosia, with allergenic pollen [北美]豚草(属)

ragworm /ˈræɡwɜ:m/ n.  a carnivorous marine polychaete worm of the family Nereidae, esp. Nereis diversicolor, often used for bait 沙蚕(多毛目海洋环节动物，常用来作鱼饵) [RAG1]

ragwort /ˈræɡwɜ:t/ n.  any yellow-flowered ragged-leaved plant of the genus Senecio, esp. S. jacobaea, a common weed of pastures that is poisonous to cattle 千里光，狗舌草(开黄花，叶糙)

rah /rɑ:/ int. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  an expression of encouragement, approval, etc. [尤北美口]好哇 [shortening of HURRAH]

rah-rah /ˈrɑ:rɑ:/ adj. US slang  marked by great enthusiasm or excitement [美] [俚语]热烈喝彩的 [reduplication of RAH]

rah-rah skirt n.  a short flounced skirt like that worn by a cheerleader (一种类似拉拉队长穿的)荷叶边短裙

rai /rai/ n.  a style of music fusing Arabic and Algerian folk elements with Western rock 一种将阿拉伯、阿尔及利亚民间乐与西部摇滚融合在一起的音乐 [Arabic]

raid /reid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rapid surprise attack, esp. 突然袭击，尤指 :a  by troops, aircraft, etc. in warfare (部队、飞机等在战争中的)突袭；侵袭b  to commit a crime or do harm (突如其来的)抢劫，行凶 2  a surprise attack by police etc. to arrest suspected persons or seize illicit goods (警方为逮捕嫌疑犯、查获非法货物等的)突然搜捕；查抄 3 Stock Exch.  an attempt to lower prices by the concerted selling of shares 【股】(为使股价下跌的)集体抛售 4 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a forceful or insistent attempt to make a person or thing provide something (后跟 on ， upon) 劫掠，攫取，掠夺 ●v. tr.  1  make a raid on (a person, place, or thing) 袭击；突击搜捕(查抄) (某人、地、物) 2  plunder, deplete 掠夺；侵吞 □ raider  n.   [Middle English, Scots form of Old English rɑˉd ROAD1]

rail1 /reil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a level or sloping bar or series of bars 一条或一组水平(或倾斜)的杆a  used to hang things on (挂东西的)杆b  running along the top of a set of banisters (楼梯的)扶手c  forming part of a fence or barrier as protection against contact, falling over, etc. (栅栏、护栏中的)横条，横栏 2  a steel bar or continuous line of bars laid on the ground, usu. as one of a pair forming a railway track 铁轨 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a railway 铁路  send it by rail  由铁路把它运出去 rail fares  铁路费用 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the inside boundary fence of a racecourse 赛马场内侧护栏 5  a horizontal piece in the frame of a panelled door etc. (cf. 参见 STILE2) (栅栏门等的)横条，横档 ●v. tr.  1  furnish with a rail or rails 给…装横档 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, off)  enclose with rails 用栏杆围  a small space was railed off  一小片地被围起来 3  convey (goods) by rail 铁路运输(货物) □ off the rails   deranged; astray 神经失常；错乱□ over the rails   over the side of a ship 越过船舷□ railage  n.  □ railless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French reille ‘iron rod’ from Latin regula RULE]

rail2 /reil/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, against)  complain using abusive language; rant 责骂，怒斥 □ railer  n.  □ railing  n.   [Middle English via French railler from Provençal ralhar ‘jest’, ultimately from Latin rugire ‘bellow’]

rail3 /reil/ n.  any bird of the family Rallidae, often inhabiting marshes, esp. the corncrake and water rail 秧鸡(常栖居于沼泽) [Middle English via Old Norman French raille from Romanic, perhaps imitative]

railcar /ˈreilkɑ:/ n.  a railway vehicle consisting of a single powered coach 有轨机动车

railcard /ˈreilkɑ:d/ n. Brit.  a pass entitling the holder to reduced rail fares [英]一种使持有者享受优惠铁路价的通行证

rail fence n. esp. US  a fence made of posts and rails [尤美]栅栏，篱垣

rail gun n.  an electromagnetic projectile launcher used esp. as an anti-missile weapon (尤指用作反导弹武器的)电磁导弹发射装置

railhead /ˈreilhed/ n.  1  the furthest point reached by a railway under construction 修建中的铁路已到达的最远点 2  the point on a railway at which road transport of goods begins 铁路转公路运输的起点

railing /ˈreiliŋ/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常作复数)  a fence or barrier made of rails 围栏 2  the material for these 做栏杆用的材料

raillery /ˈreiləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  good-humoured ridicule; rallying 善意的嘲笑，戏谑；挖苦 2  an instance of this 戏谑行为；俏皮话 [French raillerie (as RAIL2)]

railman /ˈreilmən/ n. (pl. -men)  = RAILWAYMAN 

railroad /ˈreilrəʊd/ n. & v. ●n. esp. US [尤美]  = RAILWAY  ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, into, through, etc.)  rush or coerce (a person or thing) 催促(某人)匆忙做事；强迫，促使(事情)草率完成  railroaded me into going too  逼我同去 2  send (a person) to prison by means of false evidence (通过捏造罪证)使(某人)坐牢

railway /ˈreilwei/ n.  1  a track or set of tracks made of steel rails along which goods trucks and passenger trains run 铁路，铁道 2  such a system worked by a single company (公司独家运营的)铁路系统  Great Western Railway  大西部铁路 3  the organization and personnel required for its working 铁道部门，铁路公司；铁路职工 4  a similar set of tracks for other vehicles etc. 轨道，轨道线

railwayman /ˈreilweimən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. Brit.  a railway employee [尤英]铁路职工

railway yard n.  the area where rolling stock is kept and made up into trains 调车场

raiment /ˈreim(ə)nt/ n. archaic  clothing [古义]衣服 [Middle English from obsolete arrayment (as ARRAY)]

rain /rein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the condensed moisture of the atmosphere falling visibly in separate drops 雨(水)b  the fall of such drops 下雨 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a (prec. by 前接 the)  the rainy season in tropical countries (热带地区的)雨季b  rainfalls (持续的)降雨 3  a  falling liquid or solid particles or objects 雨点般降落的东西，倾泻物b  the rainlike descent of these (降雨般的)倾泻c  a large or overwhelming quantity 大量；(降雨般的)一阵  a rain of congratulations  一连串的祝贺 ●v.  1 intr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  rain falls 下雨  it is raining  正在下雨 if it rains  如果下雨 2  a intr.  fall in showers or like rain 雨点般落下  tears rained down their cheeks  泪如雨下 blows rain upon him  打击雨点般落在他身上b tr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  send in large quantities 使大量降下，使如雨下，倾泻  it rained blood  血流如注 it is raining invitations  接二连三地接到邀请 3 tr.  send down like rain; lavishly bestow 大量地给；厚施  rained benefits on us  连连给我们好处 rained blows upon him  给他接连不断的打击 4 intr. (of the sky, the clouds, etc.) send down rain (天、云等)降雨 □ rain cats and dogs   see 见 CAT1 □ rain off (or N. Amer. [北美] out)  (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  cause (an event etc.) to be terminated or cancelled because of rain 因雨阻止或取消□ rain or shine   whether it rains or not 不论晴雨，风雨无阻□ rainless  adj.   [Old English regn, rēn, regnian, from Germanic]

rainbird /ˈreinbɜ:d/ n.  a bird said to foretell rain by its cry, esp. the green woodpecker 报雨鸟，雨信鸟(尤指绿啄木鸟)

rainbow /ˈreinbəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an arch of colours (conventionally red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) formed in the sky (or across a cataract etc.) opposite the sun by reflection, twofold refraction, and dispersion of the sun's rays in falling rain or in spray or mist 虹，彩虹；雾虹 2  a similar effect formed by the moon's rays 月虹 3  a wide variety of related things 五彩缤纷的排列；五花八门的聚合  a rainbow of colours  五颜六色，五彩缤纷 a rainbow of political opinion (令人眼花缭乱的) 各种政治观点 ●adj.  many-coloured 多彩的 [Old English regnboga (as RAIN, BOW1)]

rainbow coalition n.  a political alliance of minority peoples and other disadvantaged groups (由少数派和地位不利的群体组成的)政治联盟

rainbow lorikeet n.  a small brightly coloured Polynesian parrot, Trichoglossus haematodus 虹彩鹦鹉(产于玻利尼西亚的一种小型而艳丽的鹦鹉)

rainbow trout n.  a large trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, originally of the Pacific coast of N. America 虹鳟(原产于北美太平洋海岸)

rain check n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a ticket given for later use when a sporting fixture or other outdoor event is interrupted or postponed by rain (露天赛事因雨推迟时的)补看比赛入场券 2  a promise that an offer will be maintained though deferred 推迟但保证给予的许诺 □ take a rain check on   reserve the right to take up (an offer) at a later date 保留改日接受(提议)的权力

rain cloud n.  a cloud bringing rain 雨云

raincoat /ˈreinkəʊt/ n.  a waterproof or water-resistant coat 雨衣

raindrop /ˈreindrɒp/ n.  a single drop of rain 雨点，雨滴 [Old English regndropa]

rainfall /ˈreinfɔ:l/ n.  1  a fall of rain (一次)降雨，一场雨 2  the quantity of rain falling within a given area in a given time 降雨量

rainforest /ˈreinfɒrist/ n.  luxuriant forest in esp. tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall (尤指热带的)雨林

rain gauge n.  an instrument measuring rainfall 雨量器(计)

rainmaker /ˈreinmeikə/ n.  1  a person who seeks to cause rain to fall, either by magic or by a technique such as seeding 求雨法师，祈雨者；人工降雨者 2 N. Amer. slang  a person who is highly successful esp. in business [北美] [俚语] (尤指在生意上)极其成功的人 □ rainmaking  n.  

rainout /ˈreinaʊt/ n. N. Amer.  the cancellation or premature ending of an event because of rain [北美]因雨取消，因雨改期

rainproof /ˈreinpru:f/ adj. (esp. of a building, garment, etc.) resistant to rainwater (尤指建筑物、衣服等)防雨的

rain shadow n.  a region shielded from rain by mountains etc. (山坡背面降雨很少的)雨影区

rainstorm /ˈreinstɔ:m/ n.  a storm with heavy rain 暴风雨

rainswept /ˈreinswept/ adj.  exposed to the rain 暴露在雨中的

rain-wash n.  1  loose material carried away by rain 被雨水冲走的东西 2  the movement of this 雨水冲刷

rainwater /ˈreinwɔ:tə/ n.  water obtained from collected rain, as distinct from a well etc. (尤指被盛积的)雨水

rainwear /ˈreinwɛə/ n.  clothes for wearing in the rain 防雨衣物，雨披

rain-worm n.  the common earthworm 蚯蚓

rainy /ˈreini/ adj. (rainier, rainiest)  1 (of weather, a climate, day, region, etc.) in or on which rain is falling or much rain usually falls (天气、气候、天、地区等)下雨的；多雨的 2 (of cloud, wind, etc.) laden with or bringing rain (云、风等)含雨的，带来雨水的 □ rainily  adv.  □ raininess  n.   [Old English rēnig (as RAIN)]

rainy day n.  a time of special usu. financial need in the future 可能碰到的困难日子(通常指财政拮据)

raise /reiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  put or take into a higher position 使升起；举起，提起，抬起 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cause to rise or stand up or be vertical; set upright 使竖起，立起 3  increase the amount or value or strength of 增加…的数量，提高…的价值或强度  raised their prices  抬高它们的价钱 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  construct or build up 建造，建立，建起，竖起 5  levy or collect or bring together 征集；集结；筹措  raise money  筹款 raise an army  征兵 6  cause to be heard or considered 发出，使听到；提出  raise a shout  发出叫喊 raise an objection  提出异议 7  set going or bring into being; arouse 使产生，引起，造成；唤起，激起  raise a protest  引起抗议 raise hopes  唤起希望 8  rouse from sleep or death, or from a lair 唤醒；使复活；(从巢穴中)惊起 9  bring up; educate 抚养；培养 10  breed or grow 喂养，养殖；种植  raise one's own vegetables  自己种菜 11  promote to a higher rank 提升，提拔 12 (foll. by 后跟 to) Math.  multiply a quantity to a specified power 【数】使自乘若干次 13  cause (bread) to rise, esp. with yeast 使(面包)发酵 14 Cards 【牌戏】  a  bet more than (another player) 下注超过(另一人)b  increase (a stake) 提高赌注c Bridge  make a bid contracting for more tricks in the same suit as (one's partner); increase (a bid) in this way 【桥牌】对(同伴、同伴叫牌)进行加叫 15  abandon or force an enemy to abandon (a siege or blockade) 撤除或迫使敌人撤除(包围或封锁) 16  remove (a barrier or embargo) 解除封锁，解禁 17  cause (a ghost etc.) to appear (opp. 反义 LAY1 v. 6b) 使(鬼魂等)出现 18 colloq.  find (a person etc. wanted) [口]找到(通缉者等) 19  establish contact with (a person etc.) by radio or telephone 通过无线电或电话与(人等)取得联系 20 (usu. as 通常作 raised adj.)  cause (pastry etc.) to stand without support 使(面粉糕饼等)膨起  a raised pie  发面饼 21 Naut.  come in sight of (land, a ship, etc.) 【海】驶近，使(陆地、船只等)进入视线 22  make a nap on (cloth) 在(布)上拉绒 23  extract from the earth 从土中提取出 ●n.  1 Cards  an increase in a stake or bid (cf. 参见 sense 14 of v.) 【牌戏】加注；加叫 2 esp. N. Amer.  an increase in salary [尤北美]加薪 □ raise Cain   see 见 CAIN □ raise the devil  colloq.  make a disturbance [口]引起骚乱□ raise a dust  Brit. [英]  1  cause turmoil 引起骚动 2  obscure the truth 混淆是非，掩盖真相□ raise one's eyebrows   see 见 EYEBROW □ raise one's eyes   see 见 EYE □ raise from the dead   restore to life 使复活□ raise one's glass to   drink the health of 为…(举杯)祝酒□ raise one's hand to   make as if to strike (a person) 举手要打(某人)□ raise one's hat  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  remove it momentarily as a gesture of courtesy or respect 举帽行礼□ raise hell  colloq.  make a disturbance [口]引起骚乱□ raise a laugh   cause others to laugh 引起一阵哄笑□ raise a person's spirits   give him or her new courage or cheerfulness 使某人鼓起勇气，使(某人)打起精神□ raise one's voice   speak, esp. louder 提高嗓门说□ raise the wind  Brit.  procure money for a purpose [英]筹款□ raisable  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse reisa, related to REAR2]

raised beach n. Geol.  a former beach now lying above water level owing to changes since its formation 【地质】上升海滩，古海滩

raisin /ˈreiz(ə)n/ n.  a partially dried grape 葡萄干 □ raisiny  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin racemus ‘grape-bunch’]

raison d'être /reizɒ˜ ˈdetrə, 法 rɛzɔ˜ dɛtr/ n. (pl. raisons d'être pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a purpose or reason that accounts for or justifies or originally caused a thing's existence 存在的理由 [French, = reason for being]

raita /rɑ:ˈi:tə/ n.  an Indian side dish of chopped cucumber (or other vegetables) and spices in yogurt (用切碎的黄瓜或其他蔬菜配上调味品加上酸奶制成的)印度配菜 [Hindustani rɑˉytɑˉ]

Raj /rɑ:(d)ʒ/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) hist.  British sovereignty in India [史义]英国对印度的统治(权) [Hindi rɑˉj ‘reign’]

raja /ˈrɑ:dʒə/ n. (also 亦作 rajah) hist. [史义]  1  an Indian king or prince 印度国王或王子 2  a petty dignitary or noble in India 印度小的权贵 3  a Malay or Javanese chief 马来或爪哇酋长 [Hindi rɑˉjɑˉ from Sanskrit rɑˉjan ‘king’]

raja yoga n.  a form of yoga intended to achieve control over the mind and emotions 一种旨在控制精神与情感的瑜伽 [Sanskrit, from rɑˉjan ‘king’ + YOGA]

Rajput /ˈrɑ:dʒpʊt/ n. (also 亦作 Rajpoot)  a member of a Hindu soldier caste claiming Kshatriya descent 拉其普特人(指在印度自称是刹帝利后代的一批专操军职者) [Hindi rɑˉjpūt, from Sanskrit rɑˉjan ‘king’ + putra ‘son’]

rake1 /reik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an implement consisting of a pole with a crossbar toothed like a comb at the end, or with several tines held together by a crosspiece, for drawing together hay etc. or smoothing loose soil or gravel 耙b  a wheeled implement for the same purpose 耙地机，搂草机 2  a similar implement used for other purposes, e.g. by a croupier drawing in money at a gaming table 耙形物(如赌桌上的钱耙) ●v.  1 tr.  collect or gather or remove with or as with a rake 耙集，收集；耙除，扫除 2 tr.  make tidy or smooth with a rake 耙平  raked it level  耙平它 3 intr.  use a rake 用耙干活 4 tr. & intr.  search with or as with a rake, search thoroughly, ransack 搜遍 5 tr.  a  direct gunfire along (a line) from end to end 扫射b  sweep with the eyes 扫视c (of a window etc.) have a commanding view of (窗等)俯瞰 6 tr.  scratch or scrape 刮；擦 □ rake in  colloq.  amass (profits etc.) [口]积聚，捞进(利益、好处等)□ rake up (or over)   revive the memory of (past quarrels, grievances, etc.) 重提(过去的争执、不满等)□ raker  n.   [Old English raca, racu, from Germanic: the verb partly from Old Norse raka ‘scrape, rake’]

rake2 /reik/ n.  a dissolute man of fashion 浪荡子 □ rake's progress   a progressive deterioration, esp. through self-indulgence (the title of a series of engravings by Hogarth 1735) 堕落过程(英国画家贺加斯 1735 年系列版画的标题) [short for archaic rakehell in the same sense]

rake3 /reik/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  set or be set at a sloping angle (使)倾斜 2 intr.  a (of a mast or funnel) incline from the perpendicular towards the stern (桅、烟囱)向后倾斜b (of a ship or its bow or stern) project at the upper part of the bow or stern beyond the keel (船或艏、艉)突出于龙骨之外；斜势伸出 ●n.  1  a raking position or build (向后)倾斜状态(位置)，倾斜构造 2  the amount by which a thing rakes 倾斜度 3  the slope of the stage or the auditorium in a theatre (剧场舞台或观众席的)坡度 4  the slope of the back of a seat etc. (椅背等的)后倾，后倾度 5  the angle of the edge or face of a cutting tool (刀口或刀面的)倾斜角 [17th c.: probably related to German ragen ‘project’, of unknown origin]

rake-off n. colloq.  a commission or share, esp. in a disreputable deal [口] (尤指不正当交易中的)佣金；回扣；分成；一份油水

raki /rəˈki:, ˈræki/ n. (pl. rakis)  any of various spirits made in E. Europe and the Middle East (东欧、中东产的)雷基烈酒 [Turkish raqi]

rakish1 /ˈreikiʃ/ adj.  of or like a rake (see 见 RAKE2); dashing, jaunty 浪荡子(般)的，放荡的；浮华的，洒脱的；神气的，洋洋得意的 □ rakishly  adv.  □ rakishness  n.  

rakish2 /ˈreikiʃ/ adj. (of a ship) smart and fast-looking, seemingly built for speed and therefore open to suspicion of piracy (船)轻捷漂亮的；灵巧轻快的；(因此会被怀疑成)海盗船的 [RAKE3, associated with RAKE2]

raku /ˈrɑ:ku:/ n.  a kind of Japanese lead-glazed earthenware, primarily for use in the tea ceremony 乐陶器(一种日本陶器，主要用于茶道) [Japanese, literally ‘enjoyment’]

rale /rɑ:l/ n.  an abnormal rattling sound heard in the auscultation of unhealthy lungs (肺的)水泡音，罗音 [French, from rɑˆler ‘to rattle’]

rall. /ræl/ abbr. [缩略]  rallentando 

rallentando /rælənˈtændəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  with a gradual decrease of speed 渐慢地(的) ●n. (pl. -os or 或 rallentandi /-di/)  a passage to be performed in this way 渐慢乐段 [Italian, pres. part. of rallentare ‘slow down’]

ralli car /ˈræli/ n. (also 亦作 ralli cart) hist.  a light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for four persons [史义]载四人的两轮轻便马车 [Ralli, name of the first purchaser 1885]

rally1 /ˈræli/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 round, behind, to)  bring or come together as support or for concentrated action (为支持或一致行动而)召集；集合 2 tr. & intr.  bring or come together again after a rout or dispersion (溃败或失散后)重新集合；重整旗鼓 3  a tr.  revive (courage etc.) by an effort of will 恢复(勇气等)，重新振作b tr.  rouse (a person or animal) to fresh energy 使振奋c intr.  pull oneself together 振作起来 4 intr.  recover after illness or prostration or fear, regain health or consciousness, revive 恢复健康、精力或神志等 5 intr. (of share prices etc.) increase after a fall (股票价格等)回升 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an act of reassembling forces or renewing conflict; a reunion for fresh effort 重新召集(集合)；重振，重整 2  a recovery of energy after or in the middle of exhaustion or illness (疲惫或生病之中、之后的)精力恢复 3  a mass meeting of supporters or persons having a common interest (支持者或具有共同利益的人参加的)群众集会 4  a competition for motor vehicles, usu. over public roads or rough terrain (通常在公路上进行的)汽车赛；汽车越野赛 5 Tennis  etc. an extended exchange of strokes between players 【网球】回合，连续对打 □ rallier  n.   [French rallier (as RE-, ALLY1)]

rally2 /ˈræli/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  subject to good-humoured ridicule 对…善意打趣 [French railler: see RAIL2]

rallycross /ˈrælikrɒs/ n. Brit.  a form of motor racing over roads and cross-country [英]一种公路汽车越野赛

Ralph /reif, rælf/   拉尔夫 [人名]

RAM abbr. [缩略]  1 /ræm/ Computing  random-access memory 【计算】随机存取存储(器) 2 (in the UK) Royal Academy of Music (英国)皇家音乐学院

ram /ræm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an uncastrated male sheep, a tup (未阉割的)公羊 2 (作 the Ram)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Aries 白羊(星)座 3 hist. [史义]  a  = BATTERING RAM b  a beak projecting from the bow of a battleship, for piercing the sides of other ships 撞角舰首c  a battleship with such a beak 撞角舰 4  the falling weight of a piledriving machine (打桩机的)夯锤 5  a  a hydraulic machine for raising water or for lifting 水锤扬水机；压力扬汲机b  the piston of a hydrostatic press (液压机的)活塞c  the plunger of a force-pump 压力泵的柱塞 ●v. tr. (rammed, ramming)  1  force or squeeze into place by pressure 硬塞，压入 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, in, into)  beat down or drive in by heavy blows 夯实，撞入，打入 3 (of a ship, vehicle, etc.) strike violently, crash against (船、车等)猛撞，撞击 4 (foll. by 常后跟 against, at, on, into)  dash or violently impel 猛撞；猛推；猛击 □ ram home   stress forcefully (an argument, lesson, etc.) 强调(论据、教训等)□ rammer  n. (in senses 1 and 2 of v. 用于动词释义 1 和 2)   [Old English ram(m), perhaps related to Old Norse rammr ‘strong’]

Ramadan /ˈræmədæn, ræməˈdæn/ n. (also 亦作 Ramadhan /-zæn/)  the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset 回历的 9 月(在此期间教徒从日出至日落禁食)，斋月 [Arabic ramaḍɑˉn from ramaḍa ‘be hot’; reason for name uncertain]

ramal /ˈreim(ə)l/ adj. Bot.  of or proceeding from a branch 【植】枝的；从枝上长出的 [Latin ramus ‘branch’]

Raman effect /ˈrɑ:mən/ n.  the change of frequency in the scattering of radiation in a medium, used in spectroscopic analysis 拉曼效应(通常用于光谱分析，指光散射入介质时波长的变化) [named after Sir C. V. Raman, Indian physicist d. 1970]

ramble /ˈræmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  walk for pleasure, with or without a definite route 散步，漫步，闲逛 2  wander in discourse, talk or write disconnectedly 漫谈，闲聊；信笔写，漫笔 ●n.  a walk taken for pleasure 散步，漫步 [probably from Middle Dutch rammelen (of an animal) ‘wander about in sexual excitement’, frequentative of rammen ‘copulate with’, related to RAM]

rambler /ˈræmblə/ n.  1  a person who rambles 漫步者 2  a straggling or climbing rose 蔓生蔷薇，攀缘蔷薇  crimson rambler  深红花的蔓生蔷薇

rambling /ˈræmbliŋ/ adj.  1  peripatetic, wandering 闲逛的，漫游的；漫步的 2  disconnected, desultory, incoherent 不连贯的，无条理的 3 (of a house, street, etc.) irregularly arranged (房屋、街道等)布局凌乱的 4 (of a plant) straggling, climbing (植物)蔓生的；攀缘的 □ ramblingly  adv.  

rambunctious /ræmˈbʌŋ(k)ʃəs/ adj. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  uncontrollably exuberant 放纵的 2  unruly 难管束的 □ rambunctiously  adv.  □ rambunctiousness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

rambutan /ræmˈbu:t(ə)n/ n.  1  a red plum-sized prickly fruit 红毛丹果 2  a Malaysian tree, Nephelium lappaceum, that bears this 红毛丹树(产于马来西亚) [Malay rambūtan from rambut ‘hair’, in allusion to its spines]

RAMC abbr. (in the UK) Royal Army Medical Corps [缩略] (英国)皇家陆军军医队

ramekin /ˈræmikin, ˈræmkin/ n.  1 (in full 全称 ramekin case or dish)  a small dish for baking and serving an individual portion of food (烘烤一人食用量的)小模子，小烤盘 2  food served in such a dish, esp. a small quantity of cheese baked with breadcrumbs, eggs, etc. 小烤盘中的食物(尤指用少量干酪与面包屑、鸡蛋做成的食品) [French ramequin, of Low German or Dutch origin]

ramie /ˈræmi/ n.  1  a tall East Asian plant, Boehmeria nivea 苎麻 2  a strong fibre obtained from this, woven into cloth (纺织用的)苎麻纤维 [Malay rɑˉmī]

ramification /ˌræmifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of ramifying; the state of being ramified 分支(枝)；分支(枝)状 2  a subdivision of a complex structure or process comparable to a tree's branches 分支(部门)；支派；支流 3  a consequence, esp. when complex or unwelcome (尤指复杂的或不受欢迎的)衍生后果，派生影响 [French from ramifier: see RAMIFY]

ramify /ˈræmifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  form branches or subdivisions or offshoots, branch out 形成分支 2 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  cause to branch out; arrange in a branching manner 使分支；使成枝岔状 [French ramifier via medieval Latin ramificare from Latin ramus ‘branch’]

ramin /ræˈmi:n/ n.  1  any Malaysian tree of the genus Gonystylus, esp. G. bancanus 马来西亚白木；(尤指)棱柱木 2  the light-coloured hardwood obtained from this tree 白木 [Malay]

ramjet /ˈræmdʒet/ n.  a type of jet engine in which the air drawn in for combustion is compressed solely by the forward motion of the aircraft 冲压式喷气发动机

rammer  see 见 RAM 

rammy /ˈræmi/ n. (pl. -ies) Sc. slang  a brawl, a fight (esp. between gangs); a quarrel [苏格兰] [俚语] (尤指团伙之间的)争吵；打架 [perhaps from Scots rammle ‘row, uproar’, variant of RAMBLE]

ramose /ˈræməʊs, ˈrei-/ adj.  branched; branching 多枝的；生枝的 [Latin ramosus from ramus ‘branch’]

ramp1 /ræmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slope or inclined plane, esp. for joining two levels of ground, floor, etc. (尤指衔接不同平面的)斜面；斜坡 2  movable stairs for entering or leaving an aircraft (上下飞机用的)活动舷梯 3  an upward bend in a stair-rail (扶梯把手的)弯子 4 Brit.  a transverse ridge in a road to control the speed of vehicles; a speed bump [英] (横穿路面，用以强制减速的凸面状)减速带 ●v.  1 tr.  furnish or build with a ramp 把…装(做)斜面；把…建斜坡 2 intr.  a  assume or be in a threatening posture 气势汹汹地威逼b (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  storm, rage, rush 咆哮；大怒；猛冲c Heraldry  be rampant 【纹章学】以后腿立起、前爪扬起的姿势站立 3 intr. Archit. (of a wall) ascend or descend to a different level 【建】(墙)沿着坡度上升(下降) [Middle English (as verb in heraldic sense) from French rampe, from Old French ramper ‘creep, crawl’]

ramp2 /ræmp/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  a swindle or racket, esp. one conducted by the levying of exorbitant prices (尤指索取高价的)诈骗；敲诈勒索 ●v.  1 intr.  engage in a ramp 敲诈勒索 2 tr.  subject (a person etc.) to a ramp 向(某人等)敲诈勒索 [16th c.: origin unknown]

rampage /ræmˈpeidʒ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  rush wildly or violently about 横冲直撞 2  rage, storm 发怒；大发雷霆 ●n. /often 常作 ˈræm-/  wild or violent behaviour 撒野，狂暴行为 □ on the rampage   rampaging 横冲直撞；暴跳如雷□ rampageous  adj.  □ rampager  n.   [17th c., perhaps from RAMP1]

rampant /ˈræmp(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (placed after noun 置于名词后) Heraldry (of an animal) standing on its left hind foot with its forepaws in the air 【纹章学】(动物)左后脚站立并前爪张扬的  lion rampant  跃立的狮子 2  unchecked, flourishing excessively 无拘束的；控制不住的，猖獗的，肆虐的  rampant violence  猖獗的暴力 3  violent or extravagant in action or opinion (行动、观点)狂热的，激烈的，极端的  rampant theorists  狂热的理论家 4  rank, luxuriant 繁茂的 □ rampancy  n.  □ rampantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, part. of ramper: see RAMP1]

rampart /ˈræmpɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a defensive wall with a broad top and usu. a stone parapet (顶部很宽、通常有石头胸墙的)堤状防御墙b  a walkway on top of such a wall 防御墙顶部的走道 2  a defence or protection 防御物，保护物，壁垒 ●v. tr.  fortify or protect with or as with a rampart 筑防御墙保卫，防卫 [French rempart, rempar, via remparer ‘fortify’ from emparer ‘take possession of’, ultimately from Latin ante ‘before’ + parare ‘prepare’]

rampion /ˈræmpiən/ n.  1  a bellflower, Campanula rapunculus, with white tuberous roots used as a salad 匍匐风铃草(长有白色块根，可做色拉) 2  any of various plants of the genus Phyteuma, with clusters of hornlike buds and flowers 牧根草(长有角状花串) [ultimately from medieval Latin rapuncium, rapontium, probably from Latin rapum RAPE2]

ram-raid n.  a robbery in which a shop window is rammed with a vehicle and looted 用车辆撞入橱窗的抢劫 □ ram-raider  n.  □ ram-raiding  n.  

ramrod /ˈræmrɒd/ n.  1  a rod for ramming down the charge of a muzzle-loading firearm (火药枪的)通条，推弹杆 2  a thing that is very straight or rigid 僵而直的东西

ramshackle /ˈræmʃæk(ə)l/ adj. (usu. of a house or vehicle) tumbledown, rickety (通常形容房屋或车辆)摇摇欲坠的；摇摇晃晃的 [earlier ramshackled, alteration of past part. of obsolete ransackle RANSACK]

ram's-horn snail n.  a herbivorous freshwater snail of the family Planorbidae, having a flat spiral shell 扁卷螺，鹦鹉螺(一种淡水食草蜗牛，螺壳扁平)

ramsons /ˈræms(ə)nz/ n. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  a broadleaved garlic, Allium ursinum, with elongate pungent-smelling bulbous roots 熊葱 2  the root of this, eaten as a relish (作为开胃小吃的)熊葱根 [Old English hramsan, pl. of hramsa ‘wild garlic’, later taken as sing.]

RAN abbr.  Royal Australian Navy [缩略]皇家澳大利亚海军

ran past  of RUN  

ranch /rɑ:n(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a cattle-breeding establishment, esp. in the western US and Canada (尤指美国西部、加拿大的)大牧场；大牧牛场b  a farm where other animals are bred (专业性的)饲养场  mink ranch  养貂场 2 (in full 全称 ranch house) N. Amer.  a single-storey or split-level house [北美]牧场式平房；房内有隔层的住宅 ●v. intr.  farm on a ranch 在牧场(饲养场)工作；经营牧场(饲养场) [Spanish rancho ‘group of persons eating together’]

rancher /ˈrɑ:n(t)ʃə/ n.  1  a person who farms on a ranch 大牧场(饲养场)主；大牧场(饲养场)经理；大牧场(饲养场)工人 2 N. Amer.  a modern single-storey house [北美]现代单层住宅

ranchero /rɑ:nˈtʃɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a person who farms or works on a ranch, esp. in Mexico (尤指墨西哥的)大牧场(饲养场)主；大牧场(饲养场)经理；大牧场(饲养场)工人 [Spanish (as RANCH)]

rancid /ˈrænsid/ adj.  smelling or tasting like rank stale fat (味道、气味)腐朽味的；腐臭味的，腐烂味的 □ rancidity  /-ˈsiditi/ n.  □ rancidness  n.   [Latin rancidus ‘stinking’]

rancour /ˈræŋkə/ n. (US [美] rancor)  inveterate bitterness, malignant hate, spitefulness 积怨；痛恨；憎恨；敌意 □ rancorous  adj.  □ rancorously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin rancor -oris (as RANCID)]

rand1 /rænd, rænt/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of South Africa and Namibia 兰特(南非、纳米比亚货币单位) 2 S. Afr.  a ridge of high ground on either side of a river [南非]河边高地 [Afrikaans, = edge, related to RAND2: sense 1 from the Rand, goldfield district near Johannesburg]

rand2 /rænd/ n.  a levelling strip of leather between the heel and sides of a shoe or boot (后)掌条(指鞋后跟与鞋底间的盘条或垫皮) [Old English from Germanic]

Randolf /ˈrændɒlf/   伦道夫 [人名]

Randolph /ˈrændɒlf/   伦道夫 [人名]

random /ˈrændəm/ adj.  1  made, done, etc., without method or conscious choice 任意的  random selection  随意挑选 2 Statistics 【统计学】  a  with equal chances for each item 随机的b  given by a random process 通过随机处理得到的 3 (of masonry) with stones of irregular size and shape (石料建筑等)石块形状和大小不规则的 □ at random   without aim or purpose or principle 任意地，随便地；胡乱地□ randomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ randomization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ randomly  adv.  □ randomness  n.   [Middle English from Old French randon ‘great speed’, from randir ‘gallop’]

random-access adj. Computing (of a memory or file) having all parts directly accessible, so that it need not be read sequentially 【计算】(内存、文档等)随机存取的

random error n. Statistics  an error in measurement caused by factors which vary from one measurement to another 【统计学】随机误差

R and R abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 R. and R.)  1  rescue and resuscitation 拯救与复生(或复兴) 2  rest and recreation 休养与恢复；休整 3  rock and roll 摇滚乐

Randy /ˈrændi/   兰迪 [人名]

randy /ˈrændi/ adj. (randier, randiest)  1  lustful; eager for sexual gratification 好色的；性欲冲动的 2 Sc.  loud-tongued, boisterous, lusty [苏格兰]大声嚷嚷的；喧闹的；起劲的 □ randily  adv.  □ randiness  n.   [perhaps via obsolete rand from obsolete Dutch randen, ranten RANT]

ranee /ˈrɑ:ni:/ n. (also 亦作 rani) hist.  a raja's wife or widow; a Hindu queen [史义]印度君主之妻或遗孀；印度女王 [Hindi rɑˉnī = Sanskrit rɑˉjñī, fem. of rɑˉjan ‘king’]

rang past  of RING2 RING2 的过去式

rangatira /ræŋɡəˈtiərə/ n. NZ  a Maori chief or noble [新]兰格蒂勒(毛利人的首领贵族) [Maori]

range /rein(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the region between limits of variation, esp. as representing a scope of effective operation (尤指有效作用的)变化范围，变动幅度  a voice of astonishing range  惊人的音域 the whole range of politics  整个政界b  such limits 范围的限度c  a limited scale or series (刻度或序列的)限度，范围  the range of the thermometer readings is about 10 degrees  温度计的刻度范围是 10 度 2  the area included in or concerned with something 领域 3  a  the distance attainable by a gun or projectile 射程  the enemy are out of range  敌人在射程以外b  the distance between a gun or projectile and its objective 射击距离 4  a row, series, line, or tier, esp. of mountains or buildings (尤指山、建筑物的)脉；排，列；绵亘 5  a  an open or enclosed area with targets for shooting 射击场，靶场b  a testing ground for military equipment (军备)测试场，试射场 6  a  a large cooking stove of which the burners and oven(s) are kept continually hot (多眼)炉灶b N. Amer.  an electric or gas cooker with several burners [北美]电灶，多眼煤气灶 7  the area over which a thing, esp. a plant or animal, is distributed (尤指动植物的)生长区，分布区  gives the ranges of all species  给出所有物种的分布区 8  the distance that can be covered by a vehicle or aircraft without refuelling (一次加油的)最大行程，航程 9  the distance between a camera and the subject to be photographed 拍摄距离 10  the extent of time covered by a forecast etc. 预报时段 11  a  a large area of open land for grazing or hunting 放牧区；猎区b  a tract over which one wanders 闲逛(漫步)的地方 12  lie, direction 走向  the range of the strata is east and west  地层(或岩层)呈东西走向 ●v.  1 intr.  a  reach; lie spread out; extend; be found or occur over a specified district; vary between limits 绵亘，延伸；(在特定区域)存在，分布，生长；(在一定范围)变动，变化  ages ranging from twenty to sixty  年龄从 20 岁到 60 岁不等b  run in a line 排列  ranges north and south  南北向排列 2 tr. (usu. in passive or refl. 通常用被动或用作反身动词)  place or arrange in a row or ranks or in a specified situation or order or company 将…排列成行(队)；使成系列；使归入；整理  ranged their troops  将队伍列队 ranged themselves with the majority party  站在多数党一边 trees ranged in ascending order of height  由低到高排列的树木 3 intr.  rove, wander 漫游，漫步  ranged through the woods  在林间漫步 his thoughts range over past, present, and future  他想着过去、现在与将来，思绪联翩 4 tr.  traverse in all directions 漫游于，行遍  ranging the woods  在林间漫游 5 Brit. Printing [英]【印刷】  a tr.  make (type) lie flush at the ends of successive lines 把(活字字行)在终端排齐b intr. (of type) lie flush (活字字行)在终端排齐 6 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be level 与…成同一水平；并行，并列b (foll. by 后跟 with, among)  rank; find one's right place (后跟 with ， among) 列入，跻身  ranges with the great writers  跻身于伟大作家行列 7 intr.  a (of a gun) send a projectile over a specified distance (枪、炮)射程达到(某距离)  ranges over a mile  射程达 1 英里b (of a projectile) cover a specified distance (枪弹、炮弹、导弹等)被发射到(某距离)c  obtain the range of a target by adjustment after firing past it or short of it 以向目标前(后)试射修正距离 [Middle English from Old French range ‘row, rank’, via ranger from rang RANK1]

rangefinder /ˈrein(d)ʒfaində/ n.  an instrument for estimating the distance of an object, esp. one to be shot at or photographed (枪炮或照相机等的)测距仪

ranger /ˈrein(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a keeper of a royal or national park, or of a forest 皇家园林(或森林)管理人；国有森林护林员，国家公园管理员 2  a member of a body of armed men, esp. 武装团体成员，尤指 :a  a mounted soldier 骑兵b US  a commando [美]突击队员，别动队员 3 (作 Ranger) Brit.  a senior Guide [英]高年级女童子军队员 4  a wanderer 漫游者 □ rangership  n.  

ranging-pole n. (also 亦作 ranging-rod) Surveying  a pole or rod for setting a straight line 【测量学】(测距)标杆，花杆

Rangoon /ræŋˈgu:n/ n.  仰光 [缅甸首都]

rangy /ˈrein(d)ʒi/ adj. (rangier, rangiest) (of a person) tall and slim (人)又高又瘦的

rangé /rɑ˜ˈʒei, 法 rɑ˜ʒe/ adj. (fem. rangée)  domesticated, orderly, settled 驯化的，驯服的；有序的；安定的 [French]

rani var.  of RANEE  RANEE 的变体

rank1 /ræŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a position in a hierarchy, a grade of advancement 等级；官衔；军衔；职衔；学衔b  a distinct social class, a grade of dignity or achievement 社会地位；阶级；阶层  people of all ranks  各阶层的人 in the top rank of performers  在一流的表演者中c  high social position 高级地位；高贵，显贵  persons of rank  地位高的人们d  a place in a scale 品级 2  a row or line 排，行，列 3  a single line of soldiers drawn up abreast (士兵的)一横列 4 Brit.  a place where taxis stand to await customers [英]出租车停车待租处 5  order, array 整齐排列，序列，队形 6 Chess  a row of squares across the board (cf. 参见 FILE2 n. 3) 【棋类】(棋盘的)横排，横格 ●v.  1 intr.  have rank or place 位于(列于，处于)某特定地位(等级)  ranks next to the king  仅位于国王之下；一人之下，万人之上 2 tr.  classify, give a certain grade to 把…分等，定级 3 tr.  arrange (esp. soldiers) in a rank or ranks 将(尤指士兵)列队 4 US [美]  a tr.  take precedence over (a person) in respect to rank 级别高于(某人)b intr.  have the senior position among the members of a hierarchy etc. 据高位 □ break rank (or ranks)   fail to remain in line; fail to maintain solidarity 解散，分散，溃散；散伙□ close ranks   maintain solidarity 紧密团结□ keep rank   remain in line 保持队形□ the ranks   the common soldiers, i.e. privates and corporals 普通士兵□ rise from the ranks   1 (of a private or a non-commissioned officer) receive a commission (士兵)从行伍中提升；出身行伍 2 (of a self-made man or woman) advance by one's own exertions 靠自我奋斗而发展成功 [Old French ranc, renc, from Germanic: related to RING1]

rank2 /ræŋk/ adj.  1  too luxuriant; choked with or apt to produce weeds or excessive foliage 过于茂盛的，丛生的 2  a  foul-smelling, offensive 臭气难闻的，腥臭的，(味道)令人讨厌的，刺鼻的b  loathsome, indecent, corrupt 讨厌的；下流的；腐败的 3  flagrant, virulent, gross, complete, unmistakable, strongly marked 公然的；极度的，完全的；十足的；不折不扣的；彻头彻尾的  rank outsider  十足的门外汉(或外人) □ rankly  adv.  □ rankness  n.   [Old English ranc, from Germanic]

rank and file n. (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  ordinary undistinguished people 普通群众，老百姓，民众 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : rank-and-file members  普通成员

rank correlation n. Statistics  assessment of the degree of correlation between alternative ways of ranking the members of a set 【统计学】秩相关，等级相关

ranker /ˈræŋkə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a soldier in the ranks 士兵，列兵 2  a commissioned officer who has been in the ranks 出身行伍的军官

ranking /ˈræŋkiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  ordering by rank; classification 地位；等级，品类 ●adj. US  having a high rank or position [美]地位高的；等级高的

rankle /ˈræŋk(ə)l/ v. intr.  1 (of envy, disappointment, etc., or their cause) cause persistent annoyance or resentment (嫉妒、失望或其他根源)使持续恼火(或怨恨) 2 archaic (of a wound, sore, etc.) fester, continue to be painful [古义] (伤口、疼痛等)溃烂；疼痛不已 [Middle English (in sense 2) via Old French rancler, from rancle, draoncle ‘festering sore’ from medieval Latin dranculus, dracunculus, diminutive of draco ‘serpent’]

ransack /ˈrænsæk/ v. tr.  1  pillage or plunder (a house, country, etc.) 掠夺，抢劫，洗劫(房屋、国家等) 2  thoroughly search (a place, a receptacle, a person's pockets, one's conscience, etc.) 彻底搜查(处所、容器、衣袋等)；反思 □ ransacker  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse rannsaka, from rann ‘house’ + -saka from sœkja ‘seek’]

ransom /ˈræns(ə)m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sum of money or other payment demanded or paid for the release of a prisoner 赎金 2  the liberation of a prisoner in return for this (因被赎而)获释 ●v. tr.  1  buy the freedom or restoration of; redeem 赎身；赎，赎回 2  hold to ransom 向…勒索赎金 3  release for a ransom 得赎金后释放 [Middle English via Old French ransoun(er) from Latin redemptio -onis REDEMPTION]

rant /rænt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  use bombastic language 夸夸其谈 2 tr. & intr.  declaim, recite theatrically (激昂地，拿腔拿调地)讲话，讲演 3 intr.  speak vehemently or wildly 叫嚷，咆哮 4 tr. & intr.  preach noisily 大声宣讲，鼓吹 ●n.  1  a piece of ranting, a tirade 激烈的演说 2  empty turgid talk 空洞的、浮夸的话 □ rant and rave   express anger noisily and forcefully 怒气冲冲地说，叫喊□ ranter  n.  □ rantingly  n.   [Dutch ranten ‘rave’]

ranunculaceous /rəˌnʌŋkjʊˈleiʃəs/ adj.  of or relating to the family Ranunculaceae of flowering plants, including clematis, buttercups, and delphiniums 毛莨科的

ranunculus /rəˈnʌŋkjʊləs/ n. (pl. ranunculuses or ranunculi /-lai, -li:/)  any plant of the genus Ranunculus, usu. having bowl-shaped flowers with many stamens and carpels, including buttercups and crowfoots 毛莨属植物 [Latin, originally diminutive of rana ‘frog’]

RAOC abbr. (in the UK) Royal Army Ordnance Corps [缩略] (英国)皇家陆军军需部队，皇家陆军军械勤务兵(种)

rap1 /ræp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a smart slight blow 轻敲，叩击 2  a knock, a sharp tapping sound 敲击声；清脆的拍打(或叩打)声 3 slang  blame, censure, or punishment [俚语]责备，责难；惩罚 4 slang  a conversation [俚语]交谈 5  a  a rhyming monologue recited rhythmically to pre-recorded music (配合事先录制好的音乐进行的)有节奏的押韵独白；配乐朗诵b (in full 全称 rap music)  a style of black popular music with a pronounced beat to which words are recited rather than sung 配有强节奏念白的黑人流行乐 ●v. (rapped, rapping)  1 tr.  strike smartly (轻快地)敲打，敲击 2 intr.  knock; make a sharp tapping sound 敲，叩击；笃笃地敲(或拍)  rapped on the table  笃笃敲(拍)桌 3 tr.  criticize adversely 苛责，尖锐批评 4 intr. slang  talk [俚语]谈话，谈论 5 intr.  perform rap music, talk in the style of rap 演奏配有强节奏念白的流行乐；配乐朗诵 □ beat the rap  N. Amer.  escape punishment [北美]逃脱罪责□ rap on (or over) the knuckles   a reprimand or reproof 申斥，非难，谴责□ rap out   1  utter (an oath, order, pun, etc.) abruptly or on the spur of the moment 突然(或当场)说出(誓言、诅咒、命令、双关语等) 2  express or reproduce (a rhythm, signal, etc.) by raps 用敲击方式表达或传出(韵律、信号等)□ take the rap   suffer the consequences 承担后果(责任)□ rapper  n.   [Middle English, probably imitative]

rap2 /ræp/ n.  a small amount, the least bit 少量，些微，一点点  don't care a rap  毫不在乎 [Irish ropaire ‘robber’, used as the name of an Irish counterfeit coin]

rapacious /rəˈpeiʃəs/ adj.  grasping, extortionate, predatory 贪婪的；掠夺的；敲诈的；食肉的 □ rapaciously  adv.  □ rapaciousness  n.  □ rapacity  /rəˈpæsiti/ n.   [Latin rapax -acis from rapere ‘snatch’]

RAPC abbr. (in the UK) Royal Army Pay Corps [缩略] (英国)皇家陆军财务队

rape1 /reip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act of forcing a woman to have sexual intercourse against her will 强奸b  forcible sodomy 暴力鸡奸 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  violent assault, forcible interference, violation 暴力袭击；强行干涉；侵害 3 poet.  carrying off (esp. of a woman) by force [诗]强抢(尤指妇女) 4  an instance of rape 强奸案 ●v. tr.  1  commit rape on (a person, usu. a woman) 强奸(某人，通常指妇女) 2  violate, assault, pillage 侵犯；侵袭；掠夺 3 poet.  carry off by force [诗]强抢 □ raper  n. esp. US [尤美]   [Middle English via Anglo-French rap(e) (n.), raper (v.) from Latin rapere ‘seize’]

rape2 /reip/ n.  a plant, Brassica napus, grown as food for livestock and for its seed, from which oil is made Also called 亦称作 COLE, COLZA 油菜 [Middle English from Latin rapum, rapa ‘turnip’]

rape3 /reip/ n. hist. (in the UK) any of the six ancient divisions of Sussex [史义] (英国)苏塞克斯郡六个行政区之一 [Old English, variant of rɑˉp ROPE, with reference to the fencing-off of land]

rape4 /reip/ n.  1  the refuse of grapes after wine-making, used in making vinegar (酿酒剩下供制醋用的)葡萄渣 2  a vessel used in vinegar-making 制醋桶 [French rɑˆpe, medieval Latin raspa]

rape-cake n.  rapeseed pressed into a flat shape after the extraction of oil and used as manure or food for livestock 菜籽饼(用作肥料或牲口食物)

rape-oil n.  an oil made from rapeseed and used as a lubricant and in foodstuffs 菜籽油

rapeseed /ˈreipsi:d/ n.  the seed of the rape plant 油菜籽 [RAPE2 + SEED]

Raphael /ˈreifl, ˈræfeil/   拉斐尔 [人名]

raphide /ˈreifaid/ n.  a needle-shaped crystal of calcium oxalate formed within the tissues of a plant 针晶体 [back-formation from raphides, pl. of raphis, from Greek rhaphis -idos ‘needle’]

rapid /ˈræpid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (rapider, rapidest)  1  quick, swift 快的，迅速的，敏捷的 2  acting or completed in a short time 快速进行的；迅速完成的 3 (of a slope) descending steeply (坡)陡的，险峻的 4 Photog.  fast 【摄】快速的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a steep descent in a river bed, with a swift current 湍滩 □ rapidity  /rəˈpiditi/ n.  □ rapidly  adv.  □ rapidness  n.   [Latin rapidus from rapere ‘seize’]

rapid eye-movement n.  a type of jerky movement of the eyes during periods of dreaming 快速眼动(指做梦时双眼的快速运动)

rapid-fire attrib. adj.  fired, asked, etc., in quick succession (射击)速射的；(问题等)连珠炮似的，一连串的

rapid transit adj. (作 attrib.)  denoting high-speed urban transport of passengers 市内捷运的

rapier /ˈreipiə/ n.  1  a light slender sword used for thrusting (一种细长轻巧、用于直刺的)剑，轻剑 2 (作 attrib.)  quick, sharp 快的，机敏的，锐利的  rapier wit  机灵，机智 [probably from Dutch rapier or Low German rappir, from French rapière, of unknown origin]

rapine /ˈræpain, -pin/ n. literary  plundering, robbery [文学用语]劫掠，抢劫 [Middle English from Old French, or via Latin rapina from rapere ‘seize’]

rapist /ˈreipist/ n.  a person who commits rape 强奸犯

rapparee /ræpəˈri:/ n. hist.  a 17th-c. Irish irregular soldier or freebooter [史义] (17 世纪)爱尔兰非正规兵或海盗 [Irish rapaire ‘short pike’]

rappee /ræˈpi:/ n.  a coarse kind of snuff 粗鼻烟 [French (tabac) rɑˆpé ‘rasped (tobacco)’]

rappel /ræˈpel/ n. & v. intr. (rappelled, rappelling)  = ABSEIL  [French, = recall, from rappeler (as RE-, APPEAL)]

rapport /ræˈpɔ:/ n.  1  relationship or communication, esp. when useful and harmonious (尤指有益的、融洽的)关系；交流  in rapport with  与…融洽相处 establish a rapport  建立融洽关系 2  communication through a spiritualistic medium (通过灵媒进行的)灵交 [French from rapporter (as RE-, AP-1, porter from Latin portare ‘carry’)]

rapporteur /ræpɔ:ˈtɜ:/ n.  a person who prepares an account of the proceedings of a committee etc. for a higher body (委员会等指定的)报告起草人 [French (as RAPPORT)]

rapprochement /ræˈprɒʃmɒ˜/ n.  the resumption of harmonious relations, esp. between states (尤指两国间)友好关系的重建(恢复)，修好 [French from rapprocher (as RE-, APPROACH)]

rapscallion /ræpˈskæliən/ n. archaic or joc.  a rascal, scamp, or rogue [古义] [诙]坏蛋；流氓；无赖 [earlier rascallion, perhaps from RASCAL]

rapt /ræpt/ adj.  1  fully absorbed or intent, enraptured 全神贯注的，着迷的；狂喜的  listen with rapt attention  专注倾听 2  carried away with joyous feeling or lofty thought 痴迷的，神往的 3 poet.  carried away bodily [诗]身体被掠去的 4 Austral. colloq.  overjoyed, delighted [澳口]狂喜的，欣喜的 □ raptly  adv.  □ raptness  n.   [Middle English from Latin raptus, past part. of rapere ‘seize’]

raptor /ˈræptə/ n.  any bird of prey, e.g. an owl, falcon, etc. 猛禽 [Latin, = ravisher, plunderer, from rapere rapt- ‘seize’]

raptorial /ræpˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a bird or animal) adapted for seizing prey; predatory (鸟或其他动物)食肉的 ●n.  1  = RAPTOR  2  a predatory animal 肉食动物 [Latin raptor: see RAPTOR]

rapture /ˈræptʃə/ n.  1  a  ecstatic delight, mental transport 狂喜，销魂；出神，痴迷b (in pl. 用复数)  great pleasure or enthusiasm or the expression of it 狂喜，狂热；狂喜(狂热)的表示 2  a (作 Rapture) (in some millenarian teaching) the transporting of believers to heaven at the second coming of Christ (千禧年说中，耶稣第二次降临时)信徒升上天堂b archaic  the act of transporting a person from one place to another [古义]将人从一处运(掳)到另一处 □ go into (or be in) raptures   be enthusiastic; talk enthusiastically 狂热；热烈谈论□ rapturous  adj.  □ rapturously  adv.  □ rapturousness  n.   [obsolete French rapture or medieval Latin raptura (as RAPT)]

rara avis /rɛərə ˈeivis, rɑ:rə ˈævis/ n. (pl. rarae aves /-ri: -vi:z/)  a rarity; a kind of person or thing rarely encountered 不寻常的、罕见的人(或物) [Latin, = rare bird]

rare1 /rɛə/ adj. (rarer, rarest)  1  seldom done, found, or occurring; uncommon, unusual; few and far between 稀有的，少见的；不寻常的；少的，稀少的 2 esp. Brit.  exceptionally good [尤英]太棒的，出类拔萃的  had a rare time  过(玩)得太棒了 3  of less than the usual density, with only loosely packed substance 稀的，稀松的，稀薄的  the rare atmosphere of the mountain tops  山顶稀薄的空气 □ rareness  n.   [Middle English from Latin rarus]

rare2 /rɛə/ adj. (rarer, rarest) (of meat) underdone (肉)煮得嫩的；半熟的 [variant of obsolete rear ‘half-cooked’ (of eggs), from Old English hrēr]

rare bird n.  = RARA AVIS 

rarebit /ˈrɛəbit/ n.  = WELSH RABBIT  [RARE1 + BIT1]

rare earth n.  1  a lanthanide element 稀土元素 2  an oxide of such an element 稀土元素氧化物

raree-show /ˈrɛəri:ʃəʊ/ n.  1  a show or spectacle 演出；奇观 2  a show carried about in a box; a peep-show 西洋景，拉洋片 [apparently = rare show as pronounced by Savoyard showmen]

rarefy /ˈrɛərifai/ v. (also 亦作 rarify) (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less dense or solid 使(或变)稀薄；使(或变)稀松  rarefied air  稀薄的空气 2 tr.  purify or refine (a person's nature etc.) 使(人的品性)纯洁，净化 3 tr.  make (an idea etc.) subtle 使(想法等)精细，精妙 □ rarefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rarefactive  /-ˈfæktiv/ adj.  □ rarefication  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French rarefier or medieval Latin rarificare from Latin rarefacere, from rarus ‘rare’ + facere ‘make’]

rare gas n.  = NOBLE GAS 

rarely /ˈrɛəli/ adv.  1  seldom; not often 难得；不常 2  in an unusual degree; exceptionally 异乎寻常地；极度；特别 3  exceptionally well 出色地

raring /ˈrɛəriŋ/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  enthusiastic, eager [口]热情的；热切的，渴望的  raring to go  巴不得快开始 [part. of rare, dialect variant of ROAR or REAR2]

rarity /ˈrɛəriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  rareness 稀有，罕见，珍奇，珍稀 2  an uncommon thing, esp. one valued for being rare 稀罕的东西，珍品 [French rareté or Latin raritas (as RARE1)]

rascal /ˈrɑ:sk(ə)l/ n. often joc.  a dishonest or mischievous person, esp. a child [常诙]无赖，恶棍；淘气鬼(尤指小孩) □ rascality  /-ˈskæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ rascally  adj.   [Middle English from Old French rascaille ‘rabble’, probably ultimately from Latin radere ras- ‘scrape’]

rase var.  of RAZE  RAZE 的变体

rash1 /ræʃ/ adj.  reckless, impetuous, hasty; acting or done without due consideration 鲁莽的，冲动的，草率的，欠考虑的 □ rashly  adv.  □ rashness  n.   [Middle English, probably via Old English from Germanic]

rash2 /ræʃ/ n.  1  an eruption of the skin in spots or patches (皮)疹 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a sudden widespread phenomenon, esp. of something unwelcome 突然大量出现的现象(尤指不好的事)  a rash of strikes  一连串的罢工 [18th c.: probably related to Old French ra(s)che ‘eruptive sores’, = Italian raschia ‘itch’]

rasher /ˈræʃə/ n.  a thin slice of bacon or ham 熏肉(或火腿)薄片 [16th c.: origin unknown]

rasp /rɑ:sp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a coarse kind of file having separate teeth 粗锉刀 2  a grating noise or utterance 刮擦声；刺耳声 ●v.  1 tr.  a  scrape with a rasp 用粗锉刀锉b  scrape roughly 粗糙地摩擦(锉)c (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  remove by scraping 锉掉 2  a intr.  make a grating sound 发出刺耳声b tr.  say gratingly or hoarsely 粗哑地(刺耳地)说 3 tr.  grate upon (a person or a person's feelings), irritate 伤(感情)；激怒，惹恼 □ raspingly  adv.  □ raspy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French raspe(r), ultimately from West Germanic]

raspberry /ˈrɑ:zb(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a bramble, Rubus idaeus, having usu. red berries consisting of numerous drupels on a conical receptacle 悬钩子b  this berry 悬钩子的浆果 2  the red colour of a raspberry, varying in shade from pink to scarlet 紫红色 3 colloq. [口]  a  a sound made with the lips expressing dislike, derision, or disapproval (表示讨厌、嘲笑、不赞成的)咂舌声  originally 最初为 raspberry tart , rhyming slang  [同韵俚语] = fart b  a show of strong disapproval 强烈反对的表示  got a raspberry from the audience  遭到观众的咂舌嘲笑 ●adj.  of the colour of a raspberry; red, pink, scarlet 紫红色的 [16th-c. rasp (now dialect) from obsolete raspis, of unknown origin, + BERRY]

raspberry cane n.  a raspberry plant 悬钩子灌木

rasper /ˈrɑ:spə/ n.  1  a person or thing that rasps 粗锉工人；锉刀 2 Hunting  a high difficult fence 【猎】难逾越的高围栏

Rasta /ˈræstə/ n. & adj. colloq. [口]  = RASTAFARIAN  [abbreviation]

Rastafarian /ræstəˈfɑ:riən, -ˈfɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a sect of Jamaican origin regarding blacks as a chosen people and the former Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (d. 1975) as the Messiah 拉斯特法里派成员(指牙买加一黑人教派成员，该教派崇拜前埃塞俄比亚皇帝海尔·塞拉西为救主，并信奉黑人是上帝将拯救的人) ●adj.  of or relating to this sect 拉斯特法里派的；与拉斯特法里派有关的 □ Rastafarianism  n.   [Ras Tafari, name by which Haile Selassie was known 1916 － 30]

raster /ˈræstə/ n.  a pattern of scanning lines for a cathode ray tube picture 光栅 [German, = screen, via Latin rastrum ‘rake’ from radere ras- ‘scrape’]

rasterize /ˈræstəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Computing  convert (a digitized image) into a form that can be displayed on a cathode ray tube or printed 【计算】将(数码图像)转化成能光栅显像或打印的形式 □ rasterizer  n.  □ rasterization  /ˌræstəraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

rat /ræt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of several rodents of the genus Rattus (大)鼠，家鼠  brown rat  褐(家)鼠，大家鼠，沟鼠b  any similar rodent 似鼠的啮齿动物  muskrat  麝鼠 water rat  河鼠 2  a deserter from a party, cause, difficult situation, etc.; a turncoat (from the superstition that rats desert a sinking ship) 脱(叛)党者，叛变者，(危难时的)变节者，叛徒(源自老鼠会逃离沉船的迷信) 3 colloq.  an unpleasant person [口]讨厌的人 4  a worker who refuses to join a strike, or who blacklegs 不参加罢工的工人；(破坏罢工的)工贼 5 (in pl. 用复数) slang  an exclamation of contempt, annoyance, etc. [俚语] (表示轻蔑、恼怒等的感叹)胡扯，去你的 ●v. intr. (ratted, ratting)  1 (of a person or dog) hunt or kill rats (人或狗)捕鼠；灭鼠 2 colloq.  desert a cause, party, etc. [口]背弃、脱离(事业、党等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq. [口]  a  betray; let down 出卖，背叛；辜负b  inform on 告发，通知，报告 [Old English rœt, later reinforced by Old French rat]

rata /ˈrɑ:tə/ n.  any large tree of the genus Metrosideros, esp. M. robusta of New Zealand, with crimson flowers and hard red wood 铁心木属乔木(尤指新西兰铁心木，开红花，其红色木质坚硬) [Maori]

ratable var.  of RATEABLE  RATEABLE 的变体

ratafia /rætəˈfiə/ n.  1  a liqueur flavoured with almonds or kernels of peach, apricot, or cherry (用桃仁、杏仁或樱桃仁调味的)果仁酒 2  a kind of biscuit similarly flavoured (调味与果仁酒类似的)果仁味饼干 [French, perhaps related to TAFIA]

ratan var.  of RATTAN  RATTAN 的变体

rataplan /rætəˈplæn/ n. & v. ●n.  a drumming sound 咚咚(鼓)声 ●v. (rataplanned, rataplanning)  1 tr.  play (a tune) on or as on a drum 以鼓击奏出(曲调)；如击鼓般奏出(曲调) 2 intr.  make a rataplan 发出咚咚(鼓)声 [French: imitative]

rat-arsed adj. slang  drunk [俚语]喝醉了的

ratatat (also 亦作 rat-a-tat) var.  of RAT-TAT RAT-TAT 的变体

ratatouille /rætəˈtu:i, -ˈtwi:/ n.  a vegetable dish of onions, courgettes, tomatoes, aubergines, and peppers, fried and stewed in oil (将洋葱、西葫芦、西红柿、茄子和辣椒混放在油中炸或焖成的)普罗旺斯杂烩 [French dialect]

ratbag /ˈrætbæɡ/ n. Brit. slang  an unpleasant or disgusting person [英] [俚语]令人讨厌的人

rat-catcher n.  a person who rids buildings of rats etc. 灭鼠人

ratch /rætʃ/ n.  1  a ratchet 棘齿 2  a ratchet-wheel 棘轮 [perhaps from German Ratsche: cf. RATCHET]

ratchet /ˈrætʃit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of teeth on the edge of a bar or wheel in which a device engages to ensure motion in one direction only 棘齿机构 2 (in full 全称 ratchet-wheel)  a wheel with a rim so toothed 棘轮 ●v. (ratcheted, ratcheting)  1 tr.  a  provide with a ratchet 装棘齿(棘轮)于b  make into a ratchet 把…做成棘齿形 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  move as under the control of a ratchet 一步步推动…；被一步步推动 [French rochet ‘blunt lance-head, bobbin, ratchet’, etc., probably ultimately from Germanic]

rate1 /reit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stated numerical proportion between two sets of things (the second usu. expressed as unity), esp. as a measure of amount or degree 速度；  moving at a rate of 50 miles per hour 以每小时 50 英里速度移动 or as the basis of calculating an amount or value 比率，率  rate of taxation  税率 2  a fixed or appropriate charge or cost or value; a measure of this费率；价格；费用  postal rates  邮资 the rate for the job  工资 3  rapidity of movement or change 速率；进度  travelling at a great rate  快速旅行 prices increasing at a dreadful rate  物价飞涨 4  class or rank 品类，等级  first-rate  一级，甲等 5 Brit. [英]  a  a tax levied by local authorities on commercial properties (and, until recently, dwellings) at so much per pound of the assessed value of buildings and land owned or leased (now replaced by the council tax for dwellings) (地方政府征收的)不动产税(率)；地方税b (in pl. 作复数)  the amount payable by this (上述)税额 ●v.  1 tr.  a  estimate the worth or value of 给…估价，评估；评价  I do not rate him very highly  我对他的评价不是很高 how do you rate your chances of winning?  你觉得你有多大胜算？b  assign a fixed value to (a coin or metal) in relation to a monetary standard (根据货币本位)给(硬币或金属)定价值c  assign a value to (work, the power of a machine, etc.) 给(劳动，机器功率等)定值 2 tr.  consider; regard as 认为，把…看作  I rate them among my benefactors  我把他们看作恩人 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 as)  rank or be rated 被列入特定级别；被评价 4 tr. Brit. [英]  a  subject to the payment of a local rate 将…划入应该纳地方税的项目b  value for the purpose of assessing rates 给…核定应缴税率(额) 5 tr.  be worthy of, deserve 值得；应该得到 6 tr.  a  place (a film etc.) in a category relative to its suitability for viewing 根据适宜观看度给(影片等)定级b Naut.  place (a sailor) in a specified class (cf. 参见 RATING1 3) 【海】给(海员)定级 □ at any rate   in any case, whatever happens 无论如何，不管怎么说□ at this (or that) rate   if this example is typical or this assumption is true 照这(那)种情况来看，如果是这(那)样 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin rata (from Latin pro rata parte or portione ‘according to the proportional share’) from ratus, past part. of rēri ‘reckon’]

rate2 /reit/ v. tr.  scold angrily 呵责，怒斥 [Middle English: origin unknown]

rate3 var.  of RET  RET 的变体

rateable /ˈreitəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 ratable)  1 Brit. esp. hist.  liable to the levy of rates (see 见 RATE1 n. 5) [英] [尤史义]应纳税的 2  able to be rated or estimated 可估定的，可评定的 □ rateability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ rateably  adv.  

rateable value n. Brit.  the value at which a house etc. is assessed for payment of rates [英] (对房屋等估定的)课税价值

rate-capping n. Brit. hist.  the imposition of an upper limit on the rate leviable by a local authority (see 见 RATE1 n. 5) [英史义] (地方当局)征税额上限 □ rate-cap  v. tr.  

ratel /ˈreit(ə)l, ˈrɑ:-/ n.  an African and Indian nocturnal flesh-eating burrowing mammal, Mellivora capensis Also called 亦称作 honey badger 蜜獾 [Afrikaans, of unknown origin]

ratepayer /ˈreitpeiə/ n.  1 Brit. esp. hist.  a person liable to pay rates (see 见 RATE1 n. 5) [英] [尤史义]地方税的纳税人 2 N. Amer.  a customer of a public utility [北美]公用事业消费者

rathe /reið/ adj. poet.  coming, blooming, etc., early in the year or day [诗]早的；早开花的 [Old English hrœth, hrœd, from Germanic]

rather /ˈrɑ:ðə/ adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 than)  by preference; for choice 宁愿，宁可；最好  would rather not go  宁愿不走 would rather stay than go  宁可留下不走 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 than)  more truly; as a more likely alternative 更确切(恰当)地说；与其…(不如)；不是…(而是)  is stupid rather than honest  与其说诚实，倒不如说愚蠢更确切 3  more precisely 更准确地说  a book, or rather, a pamphlet  一本书，更准确地说，一本小册子 4  slightly; to some extent; somewhat 有点儿；在一定程度上；有些  became rather drunk  有些醉了 I rather think you know him  我倒觉得你认识他 5 /rɑ:ˈðɜ:/ Brit. (as an emphatic response) indeed, assuredly [英] (用以强调)的确，确实  Did you like it? － Rather!  你喜欢吗？真喜欢 □ had rather  archaic or literary  would rather [古义] [文学用语]宁可，宁愿 [Middle English from Old English hrathor, comparative of hrœthe (adv.), from hrœth (adj.) : see RATHE]

rathe-ripe adj.  1  ripening early 早成熟的 2  precocious 早熟的；过早发育的

rathskeller /ˈrɑ:tskelə/ n. US  a beer hall or restaurant in a basement [美]地下室啤酒店；地下室餐馆 [German (now Ratskeller), = (restaurant in) town hall cellar]

ratify /ˈrætifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  confirm or accept (an agreement made in one's name) by formal consent, signature, etc. (经签署等)正式批准或认可(协议) □ ratifiable  adj.  □ ratification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ratifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French ratifier from medieval Latin ratificare (as RATE1)]

rating1 /ˈreitiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of placing in a rank or class or assigning a value to 定等级；估价，赋值 2  the estimated standing of a person as regards credit etc. 地位；声誉 3 Naut. 【海】  a Brit.  a non-commissioned sailor [英] (普通)海军士兵，水兵b  a person's position or class on a ship's books 海员的等级 4 Brit. esp. hist.  an amount fixed as a local rate (cf. 参见 RATE1 n. 5) [英] [尤史义]地方税征收额 5  the relative popularity of a broadcast programme as determined by the estimated size of the audience (广播节目的)收听率；(电视台节目的)收视率 6 Naut.  any of the classes into which racing yachts are distributed by tonnage 【海】(根据吨位定的)赛艇等级

rating2 /ˈreitiŋ/ n.  an angry reprimand 苛责，怒斥

ratio /ˈreiʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the quantitative relation between two similar magnitudes determined by the number of times one contains the other integrally or fractionally 比，比率，比例  in the ratio of three to two  以 3 比 2 的比例 the ratios 1:5 and 20:100 are the same  1 比 5 等于 20 比 100 [Latin (as RATE1)]

ratiocinate /rætiˈɒsineit, ræʃi-/ v. intr. literary  go through logical processes, reason, esp. using syllogisms [文学用语] (尤指用三段论法)推理 □ ratiocination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ratiocinative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ ratiocinator  n.   [Latin ratiocinari (as RATIO)]

ration /ˈræʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fixed official allowance of food, clothing, etc., in a time of shortage (供应短缺时粮食、衣物等的)配给定量 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a single portion of provisions, fuel, clothing, etc. (燃料、衣服等的)一份配给 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a fixed daily allowance of food, esp. in the armed forces (and formerly of forage for animals) (尤指军队的)每日粮食供给，每日给养(旧时包括饲料) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  provisions 供应，补给物 ●v. tr.  1  limit (persons or provisions) to a fixed ration 向(人)实行配给；对(物)进行配给供应，定量供应 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  share out (food etc.) in fixed quantities 定量分发(食物等) □ given out with the rations  Mil. slang  awarded without regard to merit 【军】[俚语]按每人一份来授予(而不是论功行赏) [French via Italian razione or Spanish ración from Latin ratio -onis ‘reckoning’, RATIO]

rational /ˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or based on reasoning or reason 出于理性的，合理的 2  sensible, sane, moderate; not foolish or absurd or extreme 明智的；神志健全的；适度的 3  endowed with reason, reasoning 有理性的，有推理能力的 4  rejecting what is unreasonable or cannot be tested by reason in religion or custom (在宗教、习俗上)推崇理性、反对感情用事的 5 Math. (of a quantity or ratio) expressible as a ratio of whole numbers 【数】(数或比值)有理的，有理数的 □ rationality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ rationally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin rationalis (as RATION)]

rational dress n. hist.  a style of dress adopted by some women in the late nineteenth century, including bloomers or knickerbockers [史义] 19 世纪晚期一些妇女穿的一种装束，包括灯笼裤

rationale /ræʃəˈnɑ:l/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  the fundamental reason or logical basis of anything 基本原理，理论基础，逻辑依据 2  a reasoned exposition; a statement of reasons 理由充分的阐述；原理的说明 [modern Latin, neut. of Latin rationalis: see RATIONAL]

rational horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1c 

rationalism /ˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1 Philos.  the theory that reason is the foundation of certainty in knowledge (opp. 反义 EMPIRICISM, SENSATIONALISM 2) 【哲】唯理论，理性主义 2 Theol.  the practice of treating reason as the ultimate authority in religion 【神】理性至上 3  a belief in reason rather than religion as a guiding principle in life 唯理主义(以理性而非宗教作为人生指南的一种信仰) □ rationalist  n.  □ rationalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ rationalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

rationalize /ˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  offer or subconsciously adopt a rational but specious explanation of (one's behaviour or attitude) 辩解； (下意识地)文饰(行为或态度)b intr.  explain one's behaviour or attitude in this way 辩解行为或态度；自圆其说 2 tr.  make logical and consistent 使合乎逻辑，使前后一致 3 tr.  make (a business etc.) more efficient by reorganizing it to reduce or eliminate waste of labour, time, or materials (通过机构重组，降低或消除劳动、时间或原料的浪费)使(经营等)更高效，(为提高效益)对(经营等)实行合理化改革 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  explain or explain away rationally 对…作合理解释；为…作辩解 5 tr. Math.  clear of surds 【数】使有理化 6 intr.  be or act as a rationalist 作唯理论者；像理性主义者一样做事 □ rationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rationalizer  n.  

ration book n. (also 亦作 ration card)  a document entitling the holder to a ration (定量)配给供应本

ratite /ˈrætait/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a bird) having a keelless breastbone, and unable to fly (opp. 反义 CARINATE) (鸟)有平胸的；平胸总目的 ●n.  a flightless bird, e.g. an ostrich, emu, cassowary, etc. 平胸鸟(例如鸵鸟、鸸鹋、食火鸡等不会飞的鸟) [Latin ratis ‘raft’]

rat kangaroo n. Austral.  any of various small ratlike marsupials of the family Potoroidae, having kangaroo-like hind limbs for jumping [澳]鼠袋鼠

ratline /ˈrætlin/ n. (also 亦作 ratlin) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of the small lines fastened across a sailing ship's shrouds like ladder rungs 绳梯横索 [Middle English: origin unknown]

ratoon /rəˈtu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a new shoot springing from a root of sugar cane etc. after cropping (甘蔗等的)截根苗 ●v. intr.  send up ratoons 长出截根苗 [Spanish retoño ‘sprout’]

rat race n.  a fiercely competitive struggle for position, power, etc. (为争夺地位、权力等的)激烈竞争

rat-run n. colloq.  a route on minor roads used by traffic to avoid congestion at peak periods [口] (为避免高峰期交通阻塞而使用的)辅路通道

ratsbane /ˈrætsbein/ n. literary  rat-poison [文学用语]毒鼠药

rat's tail n.  a thing shaped like a rat's tail, e.g. a tapering cylindrical file 鼠尾形的东西(例如细圆锉)

rat-tail n.  1  the grenadier fish 长尾鳕 2  a horse with a hairless tail 秃尾马 3  such a tail 秃马尾

rat-tail spoon n. (also 亦作 rat-tailed spoon)  a spoon with a tail-like moulding from the handle to the back of the bowl 鼠尾柄匙

rattan /rəˈtæn/ n. (also 亦作 ratan)  1  any Malaysian climbing palm of the genus Calamus etc. with long thin jointed pliable stems 白藤 2  a piece of rattan stem used as a walking stick etc. 藤杖 [earlier rot(t)ang from Malay rōtan, probably from raut ‘pare’]

rat-tat /rætˈtæt/ n. (also 亦作 rat-tat-tat /rættætˈtæt/, ratatat, rat-a-tat /rætəˈtæt/)  a rapping sound, esp. of a knocker [imitative] 敲击(扣击)声

ratted /ˈrætid/ adj. slang [俚语]  = RAT-ARSED 

ratter /ˈrætə/ n.  1  a dog or other animal that hunts rats 狗或其他捕鼠动物 2 slang  a person who betrays a cause, party, friend, etc. [俚语]变节者；叛党者；出卖朋友的人

rattle /ˈræt(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  give out a rapid succession of short sharp hard sounds, usu. through being shaken or knocking against something (通常指被摇动或敲击时)发出短暂、急速、连续而响亮的声音，格格作响b tr.  make (a chair, window, crockery, etc.) do this 使(椅子、窗户、陶器等)格格作响c intr.  cause such sounds by shaking something (摇动某物使之)格格作响  rattled at the door  把门摇得格格作响 2  a intr.  move with a rattling noise 格格作响地行进b intr.  drive a vehicle or ride or run briskly 开飞车；骑马疾驰；飞奔c tr.  cause to move quickly 使迅速进行  the bill was rattled through Parliament  议案被国会迅速通过 3  a tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  say or recite rapidly 飞快说出或背出b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  talk in a lively thoughtless way 喋喋不休地讲话 4 tr. colloq.  disconcert, alarm, fluster, make nervous, frighten [口]使惊慌失措，使恐慌，使不安，使紧张，惊吓 ●n.  1  a rattling sound 短暂、急速、连续而响亮的声音，格格声 2  an instrument or plaything made to rattle esp. in order to amuse babies or to give an alarm 连续发短促尖利声的器具；拨浪鼓(幼儿玩具) 3  the set of horny rings in a rattlesnake's tail (响尾蛇尾部的)角质环 4  a plant with seeds that rattle in their cases when ripe 果实成熟时其籽粒在荚中格格作响的植物  red rattle  欧洲马先蒿 yellow rattle  鼻花 5  uproar, bustle, noisy gaiety, racket 喧嚣，喧闹，欢闹，狂欢 6  a  a noisy flow of words 一阵叽叽喳喳的谈话b  empty chatter, trivial talk 喋喋不休的空话、闲聊 7 archaic  a lively or thoughtless incessant talker [古义]喋喋不休的人 □ rattle the sabre   threaten war 以武力(战争)相威胁□ rattly  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch & Low German ratelen (imitative)]

rattlebox /ˈræt(ə)lbɒks/ n.  1  a rattle consisting of a box with objects inside 嘎嘎匣(一种玩具匣，摇动时内装物件碰撞出声) 2  a rickety old vehicle etc. 破旧的车辆等

rattler /ˈrætlə/ n.  1  a thing that rattles, esp. an old or rickety vehicle 吱嘎作响的东西(尤指破旧的车辆，老爷车) 2 colloq.  a rattlesnake [口]响尾蛇 3 Brit. slang  a remarkably good specimen of anything [英] [俚语]出类拔萃的东西

rattlesnake /ˈræt(ə)lsneik/ n.  any of various poisonous American snakes of the family Viperidae, esp. of the genus Crotalus or Sistrurus, with a rattling structure of horny rings in its tail 响尾蛇

rattletrap /ˈræt(ə)ltræp/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a rickety old vehicle etc. 破旧的车辆等 ●adj.  rickety 连接处不牢的，摇晃的

rattling /ˈrætliŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  that rattles 格格作响的 2  brisk, vigorous 轻快的，精力旺盛的  a rattling pace  轻捷的步调 ●adv.  remarkably 非常，特别  a rattling good story  绝好的故事

ratty /ˈræti/ adj. (rattier, rattiest)  1  relating to or infested with rats 与鼠有关的；老鼠滋生的 2 Brit. colloq.  irritable or angry [英口]易怒的，急躁的；生气的 3 colloq.  wretched, shabby, nasty [口]破旧的；邋遢的；肮脏的 □ rattily  adv.  □ rattiness  n.  

raucous /ˈrɔ:kəs/ adj.  harsh-sounding, loud and hoarse 刺耳的；粗哑的，沙哑的 □ raucously  adv.  □ raucousness  n.   [Latin raucus]

raunchy /ˈrɔ:n(t)ʃi/ adj. (raunchier, raunchiest) colloq. [口]  1  coarse, earthy, boisterous; sexually provocative 粗鄙的，粗俗的；纵情喧闹的；色情的，性挑逗的 2 esp. US  slovenly, grubby [尤美]邋遢的，污秽的 □ raunchily  adv.  □ raunchiness  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

ravage /ˈrævidʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  devastate, plunder 破坏，毁坏；掠夺，抢劫 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of ravaging; devastation, damage 破坏，毁坏；劫掠 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  destructive effect 破坏的结果  survived the ravages of winter  挨过了严冬的肆虐 □ ravager  n.   [French ravage(r), alteration of ravine ‘rush of water’]

rave1 /reiv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  talk wildly or furiously in or as in delirium 胡言乱语；狂乱地说话，激烈地说话 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, of, over)  speak with rapturous admiration; go into raptures 狂热赞扬；变得狂热；狂热地谈论 3 tr.  bring into a specified state by raving 叫嚷得…  raved himself hoarse  嗓子都嚷哑了 4 tr.  utter with ravings 语无伦次地说，狂乱地说  raved their grief  语无伦次地倾诉他们心中的悲痛 5 intr. (of the sea, wind, etc.) howl, roar (海、风等)呼啸，咆哮 6 tr. & intr. colloq.  enjoy oneself freely (esp. 尤用于 rave it up 恣意欢乐) [口]纵情，恣意 ●n.  1 (usu. 通常作 attrib.) colloq.  a highly enthusiastic review of a film, play, etc. [口] (对电影、戏剧等的)热烈的褒奖；赞扬；吹捧  a rave review  热烈的好评 2 Brit. slang  an infatuation [英] [俚语]醉心，痴情，迷恋 3 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a (also 亦作 rave-up)  a lively party 热闹的聚会b  a large often illicit party or event with dancing to loud fast pop music (舞蹈伴着音量大、节奏快的流行乐，常为非法的)大型聚会或事件 4  the sound of the wind etc. raving (风等的)呼啸声 [Middle English, probably from Old Norman French raver, related to (Middle) Low German reven ‘be senseless, rave’]

rave2 /reiv/ n.  1  a rail of a cart (运货马车围栏的)栏杆 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a permanent or removable framework added to the sides of a cart to increase its capacity (运货马车的)围栏，围板 [variant of dialect rathe (Middle English, of unknown origin)]

ravel /ˈræv(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. (ravelled, ravelling; US [美] raveled, raveling)  1 tr. & intr.  entangle or become entangled or knotted (使)缠结，(使)纠缠 2 tr.  confuse or complicate (a question or problem) 使(问题)混乱，使错综复杂 3 intr.  fray out (织物边缘)磨散，绽线 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  disentangle, unravel, distinguish the separate threads or subdivisions of 解开，拆开，理清 ●n.  1  a tangle or knot 纷乱；缠结的一团 2  a complication 错综复杂 3  a frayed or loose end (织物等的)绽线部位 [probably from Dutch ravelen ‘tangle, fray out, unweave’]

ravelin /ˈrævlin/ n. hist.  an outwork of fortifications, with two faces forming a salient angle [史义] (作为古城外垒的)半月堡 [French from obsolete Italian ravellino, of unknown origin]

ravelling /ˈræv(ə)liŋ/ n.  a thread from fabric which is frayed or unravelled (织物磨损处的)绽线，散线

raven1 /ˈreiv(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a large glossy blue-black crow, Corvus corax, feeding chiefly on carrion etc. and having a hoarse cry 渡鸦 ●adj.  glossy black 黑亮的  raven tresses  乌亮的长发 [Old English hrœfn, from Germanic]

raven2 /ˈræv(ə)n/ v.  1 intr.  a  plunder 抢劫，掠夺b (foll. by 后跟 after)  seek prey or booty 觅食；寻机攫取c (foll. by 后跟 about)  go plundering 进行掠夺d  prowl for prey 巡游觅食  ravening beast  四处觅食的野兽 2  a tr.  devour voraciously 贪婪地吞食，狼吞虎咽地吃b intr. (esp. as 尤作 ravening adj.) (occasionally foll. by 有时后跟 for)  have a ravenous appetite 胃口贪婪的c intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  feed voraciously 贪婪地吃，狼吞虎咽 [Old French raviner ‘ravage’, ultimately from Latin rapina RAPINE]

ravenous /ˈræv(ə)nəs/ adj.  1  very hungry, famished 饿极了的 2 (of hunger, eagerness, etc., or of an animal) voracious (饥饿)强烈的；渴望的；(动物)贪婪的，贪食的 3  rapacious 贪婪的，掠夺的 □ ravenously  adv.  □ ravenousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French ravineus (as RAVEN2)]

raver /ˈreivə/ n.  1 colloq.  a  an uninhibited pleasure-loving person [口]恣意作乐的人b  a person who goes to raves 参加狂欢聚会的人 2  a person who raves; a madman or madwoman 大喊大叫者；胡言乱语者；疯子

rave-up var.  of RAVE1 n. 3a. RAVE1 n. 3a 的变体

ravin /ˈrævin/ n. poet. or literary [诗] [文学用语]  1  robbery, plundering 掠夺，劫掠 2  the seizing and devouring of prey 捕食 3  prey 捕获物 [Middle English via Old French ravine from Latin rapina RAPINE]

ravine /rəˈvi:n/ n.  a deep narrow gorge or cleft 沟壑，峡谷 □ ravined  adj.   [French (as RAVIN)]

raving /ˈreiviŋ/ n., adj. & adv. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  wild or delirious talk 胡言乱语，谵语，胡话 ●adj.  delirious, frenzied 发狂的，狂热的 ●adj. & adv. colloq.  as an intensive [口]绝顶的，极度的  a raving beauty  绝色美人 raving mad  疯得满口胡话

ravioli /ræviˈəʊli/ n.  small pasta envelopes containing minced meat etc. 意大利式小方饺 [Italian]

ravish /ˈræviʃ/ v. tr.  1  commit rape on 强奸 2  enrapture; fill with delight 使陶醉，使狂喜 3 archaic [古义]  a  carry off (a person or thing) by force 抢走(人或物)b (of death, circumstances, etc.) take from life or from sight (死亡、环境等)将…从生命中或从面前夺去 □ ravisher  n.  □ ravishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French ravir, ultimately from Latin rapere ‘seize’]

ravishing /ˈræviʃiŋ/ adj.  entrancing, delightful 令人陶醉(或销魂)的，使人欣喜的 □ ravishingly  adv.  

raw /rɔ:/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of food) uncooked (食物)生的，未煮过的 2  in the natural state; not processed or manufactured 天然(状态)的，原料状态的；未被加工的，未经处理的  raw sewage  未经处理的污水 3 (of alcoholic spirit) undiluted (酒等)不搀水的，纯的 4 (of statistics etc.) not analysed or processed (数据等)未经分析或处理的 5 (of a person) inexperienced, untrained; new to an activity (人)无经验的，未经训练的；对某事生疏无知的  raw recruits  新兵 6  a  stripped of skin; having the flesh exposed 擦掉表皮的，(皮肤擦伤而)露出了肉的b  sensitive to the touch from having the flesh exposed (伤口等)露肉而刺痛的c  abnormally sensitive 异常地敏感的  touched a raw nerve  触及敏感之处，触到痛处 7 (of the atmosphere, day, etc.) chilly and damp (大气，天气等)湿冷的，阴冷的 8  crude in artistic quality; lacking finish (工艺或艺术品质)粗糙的，未经润饰的 9 (of the edge of cloth) without hem or selvedge (布边等)毛的，未缝(镶)边的 10 (of silk) as reeled from cocoons (丝)生的 11 (of grain) unmalted (谷物)未变成麦芽的 ●n.  a raw place on a person's or horse's body (人或马身体上的)擦伤处 □ come the raw prawn  Austral. slang  attempt to deceive [澳] [俚语]试图欺骗□ in the raw   1  in its natural state without mitigation 处在自然状态的  life in the raw  未开化的生活 2  naked 赤裸的□ touch on the raw   upset (a person) on a sensitive matter 触及(某人)痛处□ rawish  adj.  夹生的；有些稚嫩的□ rawly  adv.  □ rawness  n.   [Old English hrēaw, from Germanic]

Rawalpindi /ˌrɑ:wəlˈpindi/ n.  拉瓦尔品第 [巴基斯坦城市]

raw-boned adj.  gaunt and bony 瘦骨嶙峋的，骨瘦如柴的

raw deal n.  harsh or unfair treatment 虐待；不公正的待遇

rawhide /ˈrɔ:haid/ n.  1  untanned hide 生牛皮 2  a rope or whip of this 生牛皮绳；生牛皮鞭

Rawlplug /ˈrɔ:lplʌɡ/ n. Brit. propr.  a thin cylinder of fibre or plastic for holding a screw or nail in masonry [英] [商标]罗威纤维(塑料)插楔；罗尔套管(在砖石结构中固定螺钉或钉子的楔管) [Rawlings, name of the engineers who introduced it]

raw material n.  that from which the process of manufacture makes products 原料

raw sienna n.  a brownish-yellow ferruginous earth used as a pigment (用作颜料的)富铁黄土

raw umber n.  umber in its natural state, dark yellow in colour 富锰棕土(棕色)

Ray /rei/   雷 [人名]

ray1 /rei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a single line or narrow beam of light from a small or distant source 光线；亮光 2  a straight line in which radiation travels to a given point 射线 3 (in pl. 用复数)  radiation of a specified type 特定种类的(辐)射线  gamma rays  伽马射线 X-rays X  射线 4  a trace or beginning of an enlightening or cheering influence 闪现，浮现  a ray of hope  一线希望 5  a  any of a set of radiating lines or parts or things 呈辐射状的线、部分或物体b  any of a set of straight lines passing through one point 经过同一点的一组直线 6  the marginal portion of a composite flower, e.g. a daisy (雏菊等伞形花的)边花 7  a  a radial division of a starfish (海星的)放射形口腕b  each of a set of bones etc. supporting a fish's fin 鳍刺 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 forth, out) (of light, thought, emotion, etc.) issue in or as if in rays (光、思想、情感等)照射，放射；闪现 2 intr. & tr.  radiate 放射 □ rayed  adj.  □ rayless  adj.  □ raylet  n.   [Middle English via Old French rai from Latin radius: see RADIUS]

ray2 /rei/ n.  a cartilaginous fish of the order Batiformes, with a broad flat body, winglike pectoral fins and a long slender tail 魟；鳐 [Middle English via Old French raie from Latin raia]

ray3 /rei/ n. (also 亦作 re) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the second note of a major scale 首调唱法时大音阶的第二音 2  the note D in the fixed-doh system 固定唱法时的 D 音 [Middle English re from Latin resonare: see GAMUT]

ray gun n. (esp. in science fiction) a gun causing injury or damage by the emission of rays (尤指科幻小说中的)射线枪

Raymond /ˈreimənd/   雷蒙德 [人名]

rayon /ˈreiɒn/ n.  any of various textile fibres or fabrics made from viscose 人造丝，人造纤维；人造丝织物 [arbitrary formation from RAY1]

raze /reiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 rase)  1  completely destroy; tear down (esp. 尤用于 raze to the ground 夷为平地) 彻底摧毁，拆毁，夷平 2  erase; scratch out (esp. in abstract senses) 抹去，擦去，消除(尤用于抽象的意思等) [Middle English rase = wound slightly, from Old French raser ‘shave close’, ultimately from Latin radere ras- ‘scrape’]

razor /ˈreizə/ n. & v. ●n.  an instrument with a sharp blade used in cutting hair esp. from the skin 剃刀 ●v. tr.  1  use a razor on 剃，用剃刀刮 2  shave; cut down close 剃光 [Middle English from Old French rasor (as RAZE)]

razorback /ˈreizəbæk/ n.  an animal with a sharp ridged back, esp. a rorqual, or a semi-wild hog of the southern US 尖背脊的动物(尤指鳁鲸)；(产于美国南部的)尖背半野猪

razorbill /ˈreizəbil/ n.  a black and white auk, Alca torda, with a deep bill likened to a cut-throat razor 刀嘴海雀

razor blade n.  a blade used in a razor, esp. a flat piece of metal with a sharp edge or edges used in a safety razor (安全剃刀的)刀片

razor cut n. & v. ●n.  a haircut made with a razor (用剃刀剃的)削刮式发型 ●v. tr.  cut (hair) using this method 用剃刀削刮(头发)

razor edge n. (also 亦作 razor's edge)  1  a keen edge 锋口，利刃 2  a sharp mountain ridge 尖削的山脊 3  a critical situation 危急处境；紧急关头  found themselves on a razor edge  发觉他们自己处境危急 4  a sharp line of division 明显的分界线 □ razor-edged  adj.  

razor-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  = RAZOR-SHELL 

razor-sharp adj.  extremely sharp 极锐利的，犀利的

razor-shell n.  any of various bivalve molluscs of the superfamily Solenacea, with a shell like the handle of a cut-throat razor 竹蛏

razor wire n.  a type of sharp wire used as a barrier or run along the top of walls etc. to discourage intruders (用作屏障或设于墙头以阻止入侵者的)锋利铁丝网

razz /ræz/ n. & v. US slang [美] [俚语] ●n.  = RASPBERRY 3  ●v. tr.  tease, ridicule 戏弄，取笑，嘲笑，奚落 [razzberry, corruption of RASPBERRY]

razzle-dazzle /ˈræz(ə)ldæz(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 razzle) slang [俚语]  1  a  glamorous excitement; bustle 狂喜喧闹；忙乱b  a spree 狂欢，纵乐 2  extravagant publicity 浮华，令人眼花缭乱的广告 [reduplication of DAZZLE]

razzmatazz /ræzməˈtæz/ n. (also 亦作 razzamatazz /ræz(ə)mə-/) colloq. [口]  1  = RAZZLE-DAZZLE  2  insincere actions; humbug (迷惑人的)虚假动作；欺骗；骗人的鬼话 [probably alteration of RAZZLE-DAZZLE]

R & B abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 R. & B.)  rhythm and blues 

Rb symb. Chem.  the element rubidium [符]【化】(化学元素)铷

RC abbr. [缩略]  1  Roman Catholic  2  Red Cross  3  reinforced concrete 

RCA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal College of Art (英国)皇家艺术学院 2 (in the US) Radio Corporation of America (美国)美国无线电公司

RCM abbr. (in the UK) Royal College of Music [缩略] (英国)皇家音乐学院

RCMP abbr.  Royal Canadian Mounted Police [缩略]加拿大皇家骑警队

RCN abbr. (in the UK) Royal College of Nursing [缩略] (英国)皇家护理学院

RCP abbr. (in the UK) Royal College of Physicians [缩略] (英国)皇家内科医师协会

RCS abbr. (in the UK) [缩略] (英国):  1  Royal College of Scientists 皇家理学院 2  Royal College of Surgeons 皇家外科医师协会 3  Royal Corps of Signals 皇家通信兵

RCVS abbr. (in the UK) Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons [缩略] (英国)皇家外科兽医协会

R & D abbr. (also 亦作 R. & D.)  research and development [缩略]研究与开发，研发

RD abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  refer to drawer [英]请询问出票人，请与出票人接洽 2 (in the UK) Royal Naval Reserve Decoration (英国)皇家海军后备队勋章

Rd. abbr.  Road (in names) [缩略]…路(用于路名)

RDC abbr. Brit. hist.  Rural District Council [缩略] [英史义]乡村区议会

RDF abbr.  radio direction-finder [缩略]无线电测向器，无线电定向仪

RDX abbr.  a high explosive [缩略]一种高能炸药 [Research Department explosive]

're abbr. colloq. (usu. after pronouns) are [缩略] [口] (通常用于代词后)是  we're  我们是 you're  你(们)是

RE abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Engineers (英国)皇家工兵部队 2  religious education 宗教教育

Re symb. Chem.  the element rhenium [符]【化】(化学元素)铼

re1 /rei, ri:/ prep.  1  in the matter of (as the first word in a heading, esp. of a legal document) 兹就…；事涉(尤用作法律文件标题中的起首词) 2 colloq.  about, concerning [口]关于 [Latin, ablative of res ‘thing’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of re in sense 2 to mean simply ‘about’ or ‘concerning’ is best avoided. re 一词的释义 2 仅作为“关于”的意思时，尽量避免使用。 

re2 var.  of RAY3  RAY3 的变体

re- /ri:, ri, re/ prefix  1  attachable to almost any verb or its derivative, meaning 放置于几乎所有动词及其派生词之前，意为 :a  once more; afresh, anew (readjust 再次(重新)调整 ; renumber 重新编号) 又，再，重新，再度b  back; with return to a previous state (reassemble 再次(重新)集合(召集); reverse 倒转，颠倒) 往后，往回，回复，反复 2 (also red- before a vowel, as in redolent 在元音前亦作 red- 如 redolent)  in verbs and verbal derivatives denoting 在动词及其派生词中指 :a  in return; mutually (react 起反应，起反作用 ; resemble 像，类似) 反过来，作为回报、报答，相互地b  opposition (repel 抵制 ; resist 抵抗) 反对，对立c  behind or after (relic 遗物，遗迹 ; remain 保留，保持) 在…之后d  retirement or secrecy (recluse 隐遁的；隐居者，隐士 ; reticence 沉默寡言) 退隐，隐秘e  off, away, down (recede 后退 ; relegate 驱逐；降级 ; repress 压制，抑制) 离开，离去，下f  frequentative or intensive force (redouble 再加倍 ; refine 提炼，精炼；精制 ; resplendent 辉煌的，灿烂的) 反复或加强g  negative force (recant 放弃 ; reveal 揭露，泄露) 表示否定 [Latin re-, red- ‘again, back’, etc.]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, a hyphen is normally used when the word begins with e (re-enact), or to distinguish the compound from a more familiar one-word form (re-form = form again). 在释义 1 中，当单词以 e 开头时 (re-enact 再次颁布；再次扮演)，或加 re 后为了与同形词区别 (re-form 再形成，再组成)， re 后要用连字号连接。 

reabsorb /ri:əbˈzɔ:b, -ˈsɔ:b/ v. tr.  absorb again 再次(重新)吸收 □ reabsorption  n.  

reaccept /ri:əkˈsept/ v. tr.  accept again 再次(重新)接受 □ reacceptance  n.  

reaccustom /ri:əˈkʌstəm/ v. tr.  accustom again 使再次(重新)习惯

reach /ri:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  stretch out; extend 伸出，延伸，伸展 2 intr.  stretch out a limb, the hand, etc.; make a reaching motion or effort 伸出(肢体、手等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a motion or effort to touch or get hold of, or to attain (伸手去)够、取  reached for his pipe  伸手去取他的烟斗 4 tr.  get as far as; arrive at 达到，达至；到达，抵达  reached Lincoln at lunchtime  午餐时间到达林肯 your letter reached me today  你的信今天寄达我这里 5 tr.  get to or attain (a specified point) on a scale 达到(某种水准或数字)  the temperature reached 90°  温度达到摄氏 90 度 the number of applications reached 100  申请书(表)达到 100 份 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  attain to; be adequate for 达到，够得上  my income will not reach to it  我的收入达不到这水平 7 tr.  succeed in achieving; attain 取得，达成  have reached agreement  达成协议，达成一致 8 tr.  make contact with the hand etc., or by telephone etc. 接触，(通过电话)与…取得联系  was out all day and could not be reached  整天出门在外，联系不上 9 tr. (of a broadcast, broadcasting station, etc.) be received by (广播、电台或电视台等)被…接收到 10 tr.  succeed in influencing or having the required effect on 影响，打动，赢得  could not manage to reach their audience  没有能够赢得观众 11 tr.  hand, pass 传，递  reach me that book  把那本书递给我 12 tr.  take with an outstretched hand (伸手)够到、拿到 13 intr. Naut.  sail with the wind abeam or abaft the beam 【海】横风行驶 ●n.  1  the extent to which a hand etc. can be reached out, influence exerted, motion carried out, or mental powers used (伸手能够触及的、影响能够达到的、行动可以执行的、或智力可以发挥的)范围 2  an act of reaching out 伸出 3  a continuous extent, esp. a stretch of river between two bends, or the part of a canal between locks 绵延的大片地区(尤指河流两个弯曲处之间的河段或运河两闸门之间的直水道) 4 Naut.  a distance traversed in reaching 【海】横风行程 5  the number of people who watch a specified television channel or listen to a specified radio station at any time during a specified period (某特定时间段内观看某个电视频道或收听某个广播电台的)人数 □ out of reach   not able to be reached or attained 无法达到，不能获得□ reachable  adj.   [Old English rœˉcan, from West Germanic]

reach-me-down adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●adj.  1  ready-made 现成的 2  second-hand 用旧的，二手的 ●n.  a reach-me-down thing 现成的东西；用旧的、二手的东西

reacquaint /ri:əˈkweint/ v. tr. & refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  make (a person or oneself) acquainted again 使(某人或自己)再次被熟悉(了解) □ reacquaintance  n.  

reacquire /ri:əˈkwaiə/ v. tr.  acquire anew 重新获得(学到) □ reacquisition  /-ˌækwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  

react /riˈækt/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  respond to a stimulus; undergo a change or show behaviour due to some influence 反应，作出反应；(受到影响)产生变化或行为  how did they react to the news?  他们对这个消息反应如何？ 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  be actuated by repulsion to; tend in a reverse or contrary direction 反对；朝反方向移动，反其道而行 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 upon)  produce a reciprocal or responsive effect; act upon the agent 产生相互作用；产生回应；对作用物起反应  they react upon each other  他们相互影响 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) Chem. & Physics (of a substance or particle) be the cause of activity or interaction with another 【化】【物理学】(某种物质或粒子)对…起化学反应，与…产生化学反应  nitrous oxide reacts with the metal  一氧化二氮对金属起化学反应 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with) Chem.  cause (a substance) to react with another 【化】使(某种物质)与另一种物质起反应 6 intr. Mil.  make a counter-attack 【军】反攻，反击 7 intr. Stock Exch. (of shares) fall after rising 【股】(股票)回落 [RE- + ACT, or medieval Latin reagere react- (as RE-, Latin agere ‘do, act’)]

reactance /riˈækt(ə)ns/ n. Electr.  a component of impedance in an AC circuit, due to capacitance or inductance or both 【电】电抗

reactant /riˈækt(ə)nt/ n. Chem.  a substance that takes part in, and undergoes change during a reaction 【化】反应体，反应物

reaction /riˈækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reacting; a responsive or reciprocal action 反应；回应；相互作用 2  a  a responsive feeling 情绪反应，感情反应  what was your reaction to the news?  你对这个消息(新闻)感觉怎么样？b  an immediate or first impression 立即产生的印象，第一印象 3  the occurrence of a (physical or emotional) condition after a period of its opposite (身体或情感)反作用；反馈 4  a  a bodily response to an external stimulus (对于外界刺激的)生理反应b  an adverse response to a drug (对药物的)不良反应 5  a tendency to oppose change or to advocate return to a former system, esp. in politics (尤指政治上的)反动，反对变革、宣扬复古的倾向 6  the interaction of substances undergoing chemical change (物质的)化学反应 7  propulsion by emitting a jet of particles etc. in the direction opposite to that of the intended motion 反作用力推进 □ reactionist  n. & adj.   [REACT + -ION, or medieval Latin reactio (as RE-, ACTION)]

reactionary /riˈækʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to oppose (esp. political) change and advocate return to a former system 反对变革(尤指政治变革)的，宣扬复古的，反动的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a reactionary person 反动分子

reactivate /riˈæktiveit/ v. tr.  restore to a state of activity; bring into action again 使恢复活动，使重新活跃起来 □ reactivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reactive /riˈæktiv/ adj.  1  showing reaction 反作用的，反动的 2  reacting rather than taking the initiative 反应性的 3  having a tendency to react chemically 易起化学反应的 4  of or relating to reactance 电抗(性)的 □ reactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

reactor /riˈæktə/ n.  1  a person or thing that reacts 起反应的人或物，反应体 2 (in full 全称 nuclear reactor)  an apparatus or structure in which a controlled nuclear chain reaction releases energy 核反应堆 3 Electr.  a component used to provide reactance, esp. an inductor 【电】电抗器(尤指电感器) 4  an apparatus for the chemical reaction of substances 反应器 5 Med.  a person who has a reaction to a drug etc. 【医】(对药物等)产生过敏反应的人

read /ri:d/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. read /red/)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  reproduce mentally or (often foll. by 常后跟 aloud, out, off, etc.) vocally the written or printed words of (a book, author, etc.) by following the symbols with the eyes or by feeling embossed symbols with the fingers 读，阅读，默读，摸读(盲文等)；朗读，读出 2 tr.  convert or be able to convert into the intended words or meaning (written or other symbols or the things expressed in this way) 识读，识别(书面或其他书写符号)，解释，解码 3 tr.  interpret mentally 理解 4 tr.  deduce or declare an (esp. accurate) interpretation of (尤指准确地)看懂，读懂；断言…的意思  read the expression on my face  看懂我的眼神 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  find (a thing) recorded or stated in print etc. 读到，获悉  I read somewhere that you are leaving  我从某处获悉你要离开 6 tr.  interpret (a statement or action) in a certain sense (对声明或行动)给以某种解释  my silence is not to be read as consent  我的沉默不能被当作同意 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  assume as intended or deducible from a writer's words; find (implications) 从文字中猜想作者的…意思，发现(深层含义)  you read too much into my letter  你对我的信想得太多了(我本来没有那些意思) 8 tr.  bring into a specified state by reading 阅读而使得…进入(某种状态)  read myself to sleep  看书看得我睡着了 9  a tr. (of a meter or other recording instrument) show (a specified figure etc.) (仪器仪表上)标明，显示(读数)  the thermometer reads 20°  温度计上显示 20 度b  inspect and record elsewhere the figure shown on such an instrument 读取(仪器仪表上的读数)  read the meter  读取仪表的读数 10 intr.  convey meaning in a specified manner when read (行文)读起来具有某种效果  it reads persuasively  它读起来很有说服力 11 intr.  sound or affect a hearer or reader as specified when read 读上去令人有某种感觉  the book reads like a parody  这本书读上去感觉像是滑稽的模仿 12  a tr. esp. Brit.  study by reading (esp. a subject at university) [尤英]通过阅读学习，研究(尤指大学学科)b intr.  carry out a course of study by reading 通过阅读完成课程，攻读  is reading for the Bar  正攻读律师 13 tr. (as 作 read /red/ adj.)  versed in a subject (esp. literature) by reading 通过阅读而精通某学科(尤指文学)  a well-read person  一个很有学问的人 was widely read in law  在法律方面学识广博 14 tr.  a (of a computer) copy or transfer (data) (计算机)读取(数据)b (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  enter or extract (data) in an electronic storage device (在电子存储装置中)写入或提取(数据) 15 tr.  receive and understand the words of (a person) by radio or telephone (在无线电或电话中)听到，听见；听明白(某人的话)  do you read me?  你听清楚我的话了吗？ 16 tr.  a  understand (a person) by interpretation of outward signs etc. 通过外部来了解(某人)b  interpret (cards, a person's hand, etc.) as a fortune-teller (通过纸牌、看手相)算命，占卜c  interpret (the sky) as an astrologer or meteorologist (占星家)解释(天象)；(气象学者)解释(气象) 17 tr. Printing  check the correctness of and emend (a proof) 【印刷】校对，校正(校样) 18 tr.  a (of a text) have at a particular place (文字)应作  reads ‘battery’ not ‘buttery’  应作 ‘battery’ 而非 ‘buttery’b  substitute (a word etc.) for an incorrect one 改作，替换为  for ‘illitterate’ read ‘illiterate’  将 ‘illitterate’ 改为 ‘illiterate’ ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a spell of reading [尤英]一段阅读时间 2 colloq.  a book etc. as regards its readability [口]读物  is a really good read  确实是很好的读物 □ read between the lines   look for or find hidden meaning (in a document etc.) 从字里行间体会隐含之意，领会言外之意□ read a person like a book   have clear insight into a person's motives etc. 洞察到某人的动机等□ read out   1  read aloud 朗读，大声读出 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of) US  expel from a political party etc. [美]宣布从政党等中开除□ read up  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  make a special study of (a subject) 研读，攻读(某一学科) [Old English rœˉdan ‘advise, consider, discern’, from Germanic]

readable /ˈri:dəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be read; legible 可读的，易读的 2  interesting or pleasant to read (读起来)有趣味的 □ readability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ readableness  n.  □ readably  adv.  

readapt /ri:əˈdæpt/ v. intr. & tr.  become or cause to become adapted anew (使)重新适应 □ readaptation  /ri:ˌædæpˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

readdress /ri:əˈdres/ v. tr.  1  change the address of (a letter or parcel) 更改(信件或邮包上的)地址 2  address (a problem etc.) anew 重新处理(问题等) 3  speak or write to anew 重新讲；重新写

reader /ˈri:də/ n.  1  a person who reads or is reading 读者 2  a book of extracts for learning, esp. a language (尤指语言的)读本，文选 3  a device for producing an image that can be read from microfilm etc. 显微阅读器 4 (also 亦作 Reader) Brit.  a university lecturer of the highest grade below professor [英] (等级仅次于教授的)大学高级讲师 5  a publisher's employee who reports on submitted manuscripts 出版社的审稿人 6  a printer's proof-corrector 校对人 7  a person appointed to read aloud, esp. parts of a service in a church 读经师 8  a person entitled to use a particular library (图书馆的)图书借阅者 □ readerly  adj.   [Old English (as READ)]

readership /ˈri:dəʃip/ n.  1  the readers of a newspaper etc. (报纸等的)读者 2  the number or extent of these (报纸等读者的)人数或范围 3 (also 亦作 Readership) Brit.  the position of Reader [英]大学高级讲师职位

readily /ˈredili/ adv.  1  without showing reluctance; willingly 毫不勉强地，爽快地，乐意地 2  without difficulty 轻易地，容易地

read-in n.  the entry of data in an electronic storage device 将数据写入电子存储器，读入

reading /ˈri:diŋ/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of reading or perusing 读，阅读，细读  the reading of the will  宣读遗嘱b  matter to be read 阅读内容，读物  have plenty of reading with me  我有许多东西要读c  the specified quality of this 读物的质量  it made exciting reading  它读起来令人兴奋 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  used for reading 用于阅读的  reading-lamp  供阅读用的灯，台灯 reading-room  阅览室 3  literary knowledge 书本知识  a person of wide reading  博览群书的人，博学的人 4  an entertainment at which a play, poems, etc., are read (戏剧、诗歌等的)朗诵会，朗诵表演  poetry reading  诗歌朗诵 5  a figure etc. shown by a meter or other recording instrument (仪表、标度盘等上的)读数，指示数 6  an interpretation or view taken 阐释，解释；看法，见解  what is your reading of the facts?  你对这些事实怎么看？ 7  an interpretation made (of drama, music, etc.) (对剧本，音乐等的)表演，演奏 8  each of the successive occasions on which a bill must be presented to a legislature for acceptance (see also 另见 FIRST READING, SECOND READING, THIRD READING) (议案在议会的)宣读，(分别标志着议案提出、审议、表决等三个阶段的)三读之一 9  the version of a text, or the particular wording, conjectured or given by an editor etc. (不同的)文本，(作者特有的)措辞形式 [Old English (as READ)]

reading age n.  reading ability expressed as the age for which the same ability is calculated as average 年龄阅读能力(年岁的平均阅读能力)  has a reading age of eight  有相当于 8 岁儿童的阅读能力

readjust /ri:əˈdʒʌst/ v. tr.  adjust again or to a former state 重新(再次)调节(调整)；调回以前状态 □ readjustment  n.  

readmit /ri:ədˈmit/ v. tr. (readmitted, readmitting)  admit again 重新(再次)接纳；准许重新(再次)入场(或入学) □ readmission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

read-only memory n. Computing  a memory read at high speed but not capable of being changed by program instructions 【计算】只读存储器

readopt /ri:əˈdɒpt/ v. tr.  adopt again 重新(再度)采纳(采取，采用) □ readoption  n.  

read-out n.  1  a record or display of the output from a computer or scientific instrument 读出(对从电脑或科学仪器中输出的结果进行的记录或显示) 2  the transfer or display of data from a computer etc. 读出(转载或显示电脑等中的数据)

re-advertise /ri:ˈædvətaiz/ v. tr. & intr.  advertise again 再次做(登)广告 □ re-advertisement  /ri:ədˈvɜ:tizm(ə)nt/ n.  

read-write adj. Computing  capable of reading existing data and accepting alterations or further input (cf. 参见 READ-ONLY MEMORY) 【计算】读写的

ready /ˈredi/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj. (readier, readiest) (usu. 通常作 predic.)  1  with preparations complete 准备就绪的  dinner is ready  正餐已经准备好了 2  in an appropriate state 处于适当状态的，准备好了的  are you ready to go?  你准备走了吗？ 3  willing, inclined, or resolved 乐意的；喜欢、倾向于…的；打定了主意的  he is always ready to complain  他总是动不动就抱怨 I am ready for anything  我已经做好了一切准备 4  within reach; easily secured 可以达到的；容易获得的  a ready source of income  现成的收入来源 5  fit for immediate use 适于立即使用的  was ready to hand  就在手边 6  immediate, unqualified 立即的，当下的；无条件的，爽快的  found ready acceptance  立即接受 7  prompt, quick, facile 敏捷的，迅速的，灵便的  is always ready with excuses  总是很会找借口 has a ready wit  很机敏，很机智 8 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  about to do something 快要…的，马上就…的  a bud just ready to burst  一个含苞待放的蓓蕾 9  provided beforehand 预先准备好的 ●adv. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  beforehand 预先，事先 2  so as not to require doing when the time comes for use 预先准备好  the cases are ready packed  箱子(盒子)已经预先包装好了 ●n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit. slang [尤英] [俚语]  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  = READY MONEY  2 (in pl. 用复数)  bank notes 现款，现钞 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make ready; prepare 使准备好；准备好，预备 □ at the ready   ready for action 准备就绪□ make ready   prepare 准备，预备□ ready, steady (or get set), go   the usual formula for starting a race (赛跑口令)各就各位，预备，跑！ □ readiness  n.   [Middle English rœdi(g), re(a)di, via Old English rœˉde from Germanic]

ready-made adj. (esp. of clothes) made in a standard size, not to measure (尤指服装) (按标准尺寸)预先制成(而不是量体裁剪)的，现成的

ready-mixed adj. (also 亦作 ready-mix) (of concrete, paint, food, etc.) having some or all of the constituents already mixed together (混凝土、油漆等)预拌的，(食物)预先调制的

ready money n.  1  actual coin or notes 现金，现钞 2  payment on the spot 当场现付

ready reckoner n.  a book or table listing standard numerical calculations as used esp. in commerce (尤在商业中使用的)计算便览，简便计算表

ready-to-wear adj. (of clothes) made in a standard size, not to measure (服装)按标准尺寸制成的，现成的

reaffirm /ri:əˈfɜ:m/ v. tr.  affirm again 重申，再确认，再次肯定 □ reaffirmation  /-ˌæfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reafforest /ri:əˈfɒrist/ v. tr. esp. Brit.  replant (former forest land) with trees [尤英]在(以前的林地)重新造林 □ reafforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reagency /riˈeidʒ(ə)nsi/ n.  reactive power or operation 反应力；反应作用

reagent /riˈeidʒ(ə)nt/ n. Chem. 【化】  1  a substance used to cause a reaction, esp. to detect another substance 试剂 2  a reactive substance or force 反应物；反应力 [RE- + AGENT: cf. REACT]

real1 /ri:l/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  actually existing as a thing or occurring in fact 实际存在的，现实的，确实的 2  genuine; rightly so called; not artificial or merely apparent 真的，名副其实的，真正(实)的，天然的 3 Law  consisting of or relating to immovable property such as land or houses (cf. 参见 PERSONAL PROPERTY) 【法律】由不动产(如土地、房屋等)组成的，与不动产有关的  real estate  不动产，房地产 4  appraised by purchasing power; adjusted for changes in the value of money 按购买力实际估算(衡量)的，实际的  real value  实际价值 income in real terms  实际收入 5 Philos.  having an absolute and necessary and not merely contingent existence 【哲】实在的 6 Math. (of a quantity) having no imaginary part (see 见 IMAGINARY 2) 【数】实数的 7 Optics (of an image etc.) such that light actually passes through it 【光学】实像的 ●adv. Sc. & N. Amer. colloq.  really, very [苏格兰和北美] [口]确实，很 □ for real  colloq.  as a serious or actual concern; in earnest [口]严肃的(地)，认真的(地)，确实的(地)□ the real McCoy   see 见 MCCOY □ the real thing   1  not illusory, simulated, or inferior 真货色 2  true love, not infatuation 真爱(而非短暂的迷恋)□ realness  n.   [Anglo-French = Old French reel, Late Latin realis, from Latin res ‘thing’]

real2 /reiˈɑ:l/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of Brazil since 1994 雷阿尔(巴西自 1994 年以后的主要货币单位) 2 hist.  a former coin and monetary unit of various Spanish-speaking countries [史义]雷阿尔(旧时西班牙语国家的硬币、货币单位) [Spanish real ROYAL, used as a noun]

real ale n. esp. Brit.  beer regarded as brewed in a traditional way, with secondary fermentation in the cask [尤英] (按照传统方式，在桶中经过二次发酵酿制成的)散装啤酒

realgar /riˈælɡə/ n.  a mineral of arsenic sulphide used as a pigment and in fireworks Also called 亦称作 red arsenic 雄黄，二硫化二砷，鸡冠石 [Middle English via medieval Latin from Arabic rahj al-ɡ̇ɑˉr ‘dust of the cave’]

realign /ri:əˈlain/ v. tr.  1  align again 再次(重新)对准(或排列) 2  regroup in politics etc. (政治等方面)重组，(使)重新结盟 □ realignment  n.  

realism /ˈriəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  the practice of regarding things in their true nature and dealing with them as they are 现实主义的实践；现实态度；现实(性) 2  fidelity to nature in representation; the showing of life etc. as it is in fact 现实主义，写实主义 3 Philos. 【哲】  a  the doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective existence (opp. 反义 NOMINALISM) 唯实论b  the belief that matter as an object of perception has real existence 实在论 □ realist  n.  

realistic /riəˈlistik/ adj.  1  regarding things as they are; following a policy of realism 现实的，实际的；现实主义的，写实的 2  based on facts rather than ideals 基于现实而非理想(想像)的，实事求是的，注重实际的 □ realistically  adv.  

reality /riˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  what is real or existent or underlies appearances 真实的事物，实际存在的事物，现实，事实，真相 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the real nature of (a thing) (事物的)真实性，本性 3  real existence; the state of being real 实际，实在，实在性，真实性 4  resemblance to an original 逼真  the model was impressive in its reality  这个模型逼真得令人难忘 □ in reality   in fact 事实上，实际上 [medieval Latin realitas or French réalité (as REAL1)]

realize /ˈriəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause; also absol. [亦含宾])  be fully aware of; conceive as real 完全意识(认识)到，领悟到；以为是真的 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  understand clearly 清楚地了解，明白 3  present as real; make realistic; give apparent reality to 使显得逼真，如实表现，写实  the story was powerfully realized on stage  在舞台上，这个故事被表现得栩栩如生 4  a  convert into actuality; achieve 实现，完成，达到  realized a childhood dream  实现了童年的梦想b refl.  develop one's own faculties, abilities, etc. 充分实现，发挥(才干、能力等) 5  a  convert into money 变现，变卖b  acquire (profit) 赚取，获得(利润)c  be sold for (a specified price) 售得，卖得(某价钱) 6 Mus.  reconstruct (a part) in full from a figured bass 【音】(根据数字低音的指示)对(乐曲声部)作完整兑谱改编 □ realizable  adj.  □ realizability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ realization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ realizer  n.  

real life n.  1  that lived by actual people, as distinct from fiction, drama, etc. (区别于小说、戏剧等的)现实生活 2 (作 real-life) (作 attrib.)  actual, not fictional 现实的，非虚构的  real-life husband  现实生活中的丈夫，实际的丈夫

real live attrib. adj. often joc.  actual; not pretended or simulated [常诙]实际的，真实的，非假装(模仿)的  a real live burglar  真正的贼

reallocate /ri:ˈæləkeit/ v. tr.  allocate again or differently 再次(重新)分配(或分派)，把…再次(重新)划拨 □ reallocation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reallot /ri:əˈlɒt/ v. tr. (reallotted, reallotting)  allot again or differently (按份额)再次(重新)分配，再次(重新)分派 □ reallotment  n.  

really /ˈriəli/ adv.  1  in reality; in fact 实际上，事实上 2  positively, assuredly 真正地，确实  really useful  确实有用 3 (as a strong affirmative) indeed, I assure you (用以加强肯定语气)确实，的的确确 4  an expression of mild protest or surprise (表示轻微的抗议或惊奇)真的；真是的 5 (in interrog. 用于疑问句) (expressing disbelief) is that so? (表示不相信)是吗？真的吗？  They're musicians. - Really?  他们是音乐家。—是真的吗？

realm /relm/ n.  1 formal esp. Law  a kingdom [正式] (尤)【法律】王国 2  a sphere or domain 界，领域，范围  the realm of imagination  想像的境界 [Middle English via Old French realme, reaume from Latin regimen -minis (see REGIMEN): influenced by Old French reiel ROYAL]

real money n.  1  current coin or notes; cash 现金，现款 2 colloq.  a large sum of money [口]一大笔钱

realpolitik /reiˈɑ:lpɒliti:k/ n.  politics based on realities and material needs, rather than on morals or ideals (从实用及物质需要出发而不顾及道义和理想的)现实政治，实用政治 [German]

real tennis n. Brit.  the original form of tennis played on an indoor court [英] (最初形式的)室内网球

real time n.  1  the actual time during which a process or event occurs (某个过程或事件发生的)实际时间，(真)实时(间) 2 (作 real-time) (作 attrib.) Computing 【计算】  a (of a system) in which input data is processed within milliseconds so that it is available virtually immediately as feedback to the process from which it is coming, e.g. in a missile-guidance or an airline booking system 即时处理的，实时的(指输入系统内的数据被在几毫秒内处理完毕，从而当即形成向数据来源程序的反馈，如在导弹的制导系统或机票预订系统中)b (of information, an image, etc.) responding virtually immediately to changes in the state of affairs it reflects (信息、图像等对所反映的事件变化)反应迅即的，实时反应的  real-time stock-exchange prices  实时股票价格

realtor /ˈriəltə/ n. N. Amer.  a real-estate agent, esp. (作 Realtor propr. [商标]) a member of the National Association of Realtors [北美]房地产经纪人； (尤指)美国房地产同业公会成员

realty /ˈriəlti/ n. Law  real estate (opp. 反义 PERSONALTY) 【法律】房地产，不动产

ream1 /ri:m/ n.  1  twenty quires or 500 (formerly 480) sheets of paper (or a larger number, to allow for waste) 令(纸张的计数单位， 20 刀或 500 张(旧时为 480 张)，或更多一些以备作废) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a large quantity of paper or writing 大量的纸张(或作品)  wrote reams about it  写了很多关于这一方面的文章 [Middle English rēm, rīm from Old French raime etc., ultimately from Arabic rīzma ‘bundle’]

ream2 /ri:m/ v. tr.  1  widen (a hole in metal etc.) with a borer (用钻孔器或钻头)扩大(金属等上的孔) 2 Naut.  open (a seam) for caulking 【海】扩大(接缝)以填隙 3 US  squeeze the juice from (fruit) [美]榨取(水果)的汁 □ reamer  n.  扩孔钻，绞刀，绞床；榨汁器 [18th c.: origin uncertain]

reanimate /ri:ˈænimeit/ v. tr.  1  restore to life 使复活，使复苏，救活 2  restore to activity or liveliness 使再次(重新)活跃 □ reanimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reap /ri:p/ v. tr.  1  cut or gather (a crop, esp. grain) as a harvest 收割，收获(庄稼，尤其是谷物) 2  harvest the crop of (a field etc.) 收割(田地等)的庄稼 3  receive as the consequence of one's own or others' actions 受到报应，得到报偿 [Old English ripan, reopan, of unknown origin]

reaper /ˈri:pə/ n.  1  a person who reaps 收割者，收获者 2  a machine for reaping 收割机 □ the Reaper (or Grim Reaper)   death personified 死神

reappear /ri:əˈpiə/ v. intr.  appear again or as previously 再出现，重现 □ reappearance  n.  

reapply /ri:əˈplai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  apply again, esp. submit a further application (for a position etc.) 再次申请，尤指再次递交(对某职位等的)申请 □ reapplication  /ˌri:æpliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reappoint /ri:əˈpɔint/ v. tr.  appoint again to a position previously held 再次(重新)任命，再次(重新)委派(至先前职位) □ reappointment  n.  

reapportion /ri:əˈpɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  apportion again or differently 再次(重新)分派，再次(重新)按比例分配 □ reapportionment  n.  

reappraise /ri:əˈpreiz/ v. tr.  appraise or assess again 对…再次(重新)评价(或估计、估价) □ reappraisal  n.  

rear1 /riə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the back part of anything 后部，背部 2  the space behind, or position at the back of, anything 后面，后方，背后  a large house with a terrace at the rear  后面有一个阳台的大房子 3  the hindmost part of an army or fleet (军队或舰队的)后尾(卫)部队(舰队) 4 colloq.  the buttocks [口]屁股 ●adj.  at the back 后部的，背部的，后面的 □ bring up the rear   come last 殿后，断后□ in the rear   behind; at the back 在背后，在后面□ take in the rear  Mil.  attack from behind 【军】从背后袭击 [probably from (in the) REARWARD or REARGUARD]

rear2 /riə/ v.  1 tr.  a  bring up and educate (children) 养育，抚养，培养(儿童)b  breed and care for (animals) 养殖，饲养(动物)c  cultivate (crops) 培植，种植(庄稼) 2 intr. (of a horse etc.) raise itself on its hind legs (马等)用后腿直立 3 tr.  a  set upright 使直立，竖起b  build 建立，建造c  hold upwards 抬起，举起  rear one's head  抬起头 4 intr.  extend to a great height 高耸 □ rearer  n.   [Old English rœˉran, from Germanic]

rear admiral n.  a naval officer ranking below vice admiral 海军少将

rear commodore n.  a yacht club officer below vice commodore 游艇总会总干事(次于副会长的职称)

rearguard /ˈriəɡɑ:d/ n.  1  a body of troops detached to protect the rear, esp. in retreats 后卫部队 2  a defensive or conservative element in an organization etc. (组织等内部)防卫性或保守性成分 [Old French rereguarde (as RETRO-, GUARD)]

rearguard action n.  1 Mil.  an engagement undertaken by a rearguard 【军】后卫战斗 2  a defensive stand in argument etc., esp. when losing 争论等当中(尤其是无望取胜时)的防卫、抵抗状态

rear lamp n. (also 亦作 rear light) esp. Brit.  a usu. red light at the rear of a vehicle [尤英] (车辆上通常为红色的)后灯，尾灯

rearm /ri:ˈɑ:m/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  arm again, esp. with improved weapons (尤指以新式武器)重新武装 □ rearmament  n.  

rearmost /ˈriəməʊst/ adj.  furthest back 最后部的，最后面的，尾端的

rearrange /ri:əˈrein(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  arrange again in a different way (以另外方式)重新安排(布置、整理或排列等) □ rearrangement  n.  

rearrest /ri:əˈrest/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  arrest again 再次逮捕(或拘留) ●n.  an instance of rearresting or being rearrested 再次(被)逮捕(或拘留)

rear sight n.  the sight nearest to the stock on a firearm 后瞄准器

rear-view mirror n.  a mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a motor vehicle enabling the driver to see traffic etc. behind (车辆上的)后视镜

rearward /ˈriəwəd/ n., adj. & adv. ●n. (esp. in prepositional phrases) rear (尤用于介词短语中)后面，后部  to the rearward of  在…的后面 in the rearward  在后部 ●adj.  to the rear 在(向)后面(后部，后方)的 ●adv. (also 亦作 rearwards)  towards the rear 向后面(后部，后方) [Anglo-French rerewarde = REARGUARD]

rear-wheel drive n.  drive acting on the rear wheels of a motor vehicle (see 见 DRIVE n. 6a) (车辆的)后轮驱动

reascend /ri:əˈsend/ v. tr. & intr.  ascend again or to a former position 再次(重新)登(升)上(原先的位置) □ reascension  n.  

reason /ˈri:z(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a motive, cause, or justification 动机，原因，理由  has good reasons for doing this  具备这样做的正当理由 there is no reason to be angry  没有理由生气 2  a fact adduced or serving as this (列举出来作为理由的)事实  I can give you my reasons  我可以告诉你我的理由 3  the intellectual faculty by which conclusions are drawn from premisses 理智，理性，判断、推理能力 4  sanity 正常神志；健全的思想  has lost his reason  (他)神志不清了 5 Logic  a premiss of a syllogism, esp. a minor premiss when given after the conclusion 【逻辑学】(三段论中的)前提(尤指小前提) 6  a faculty transcending the understanding and providing a priori principles; intuition (超越理解力而作为先验原则的)理性，直觉 7  sense; sensible conduct; what is right or practical or practicable; moderation 道理，情理；合理行为；常理；明智 ●v.  1 intr.  form or try to reach conclusions by connected thought 推理，推断，推论 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  use an argument (with a person) by way of persuasion (讲道理)劝说(某人)，理喻 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  conclude or assert in argument 论述，论证，论断 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 why, whether, what + clause)  discuss; ask oneself 讨论；问自己 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  persuade or move by argument (讲道理)劝说，说服  I reasoned them out of their fears  我劝说他们消除了恐惧 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  think or work out (consequences etc.) 想出，得出，推出(结论、结果等) 7 tr. (often as 常作 reasoned adj.)  express in logical or argumentative form 以逻辑(论证)形式表达 8 tr.  embody reason in (an amendment etc.) 使(修正等)合理 □ by reason of   owing to 由于，因为□ in (or within) reason   within the bounds of sense or moderation 合乎情理的，合适的□ it stands to reason  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  it is evident or logical …是显然的，…是合理的(理所当然的)□ listen to reason   be persuaded to act sensibly 听从合理劝告，服从道理□ see reason   acknowledge the force of an argument 明白事理□ with reason   justifiably 有道理，合乎情理□ reasoner  n.  □ reasoning  n.  □ reasonless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reisun, res(o)un, raisoner, ultimately via Latin ratio -onis from rēri rat- ‘consider’]■Usage 用法说明 The reason (why)... is... should be followed by that, not because, e.g. The reason why I can't stay any longer is that I have an urgent appointment. 句型 The reason (why) …is… 中的表语从句应该用 that 而不是 because 引出，如 The reason why I can't stay any longer is that I have an argent appointment (我不能再待下去的原因是我有一个紧急约会)。 

reasonable /ˈri:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  having sound judgement; moderate; ready to listen to reason 明智的；适中的，适度的；讲道理的，通情达理的 2  in accordance with reason; not absurd 合理的，有道理的 3  a  within the limits of reason; not greatly less or more than might be expected 合情合理的，适当的b  inexpensive; not extortionate 不贵的，公道的c  tolerable, fair 尚好的，过得去的；公平的 4 archaic  endowed with the faculty of reason [古义]有理性的，会推理的 □ reasonableness  n.  □ reasonably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French raisonable (as REASON), suggested by Latin rationabilis]

reassemble /ri:əˈsemb(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr.  assemble again or into a former state 再次(重新)聚集(集合)；再次(重新)装配，装配回原状 □ reassembly  n.  

reassert /ri:əˈsɜ:t/ v. tr.  assert again 再次断言，重申 □ reassertion  n.  

reassess /ri:əˈses/ v. tr.  assess again, esp. differently 再次(尤指重新)估价(评估) □ reassessment  n.  

reassign /ri:əˈsain/ v. tr.  assign again or differently 再次(重新)指定(或分派、分配) □ reassignment  n.  

reassume /ri:əˈsju:m/ v. tr.  take on oneself or undertake again 再次担任(承担，采取) □ reassumption  /-ˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reassure /ri:əˈʃʊə/ v. tr.  1  restore confidence to; dispel the apprehensions of 使…放心，消除…的疑虑 2  confirm in an opinion or impression 向…再保证 □ reassurance  n.  □ reassuring  adj.  □ reassuringly  adv.  

reattach /ri:əˈtætʃ/ v. tr.  attach again or in a former position 再次附着(附属)，附着(附属)于原处 □ reattachment  n.  

reattain /ri:əˈtein/ v. tr.  attain again 再次达到(获得) □ reattainment  n.  

reattempt /ri:əˈtem(p)t/ v. tr.  attempt again, esp. after failure (尤指失败后)再次(重新)尝试

reave /ri:v/ v. (past and past part. reft /reft/) archaic [古义]  1 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 of)  forcibly deprive of 强行剥夺b (foll. by 后跟 away, from)  take by force or carry off 抢劫，劫掠，抢走 2 intr.  make raids; plunder; = REIVE 袭击，抢劫， [Old English rēafian from Germanic: related to ROB]

reawaken /ri:əˈweik(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  awaken again 再次唤醒(唤起)

rebadge /ri:ˈbædʒ/ v. tr.  relaunch (a product etc.) under a different name, logo, etc. (以新的名称、标识等)重新投放(产品等)

rebarbative /riˈbɑ:bətiv/ adj. literary  repellent, unattractive [文学用语]令人讨厌的；不吸引人的 [French rébarbatif -ive from barbe ‘beard’]

rebase /ri:ˈbeis/ v. tr.  establish a new base level for (a price index etc.) 为(物价指数等)新建一个基本标准

rebate1 /ˈri:beit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a partial refund of money paid 部分退款(偿还) 2  a deduction from a sum to be paid; a discount 折扣 ●v. tr.  pay back as a rebate 部分退还(偿还)；退还…作为折扣(回扣) □ rebatable  adj.   [earlier = diminish: Middle English from Old French rabattre (as RE-, ABATE)]

rebate2 /ˈri:beit/ n. & v. tr.  = RABBET  [respelling of RABBET, after REBATE1]

rebec /ˈri:bek/ n. (also 亦作 rebeck) Mus.  a medieval usu. three-stringed instrument played with a bow 【音】雷贝克琴(中世纪的三弦琴，以乐弓拉奏) [French rebec, variant of Old French rebebe rubebe, from Arabic rabɑˉb]

Rebecca /riˈbekə/   丽贝卡 [人名]

rebel n., adj. & v. ●n. /ˈreb(ə)l/  1  a person who fights against, resists, or refuses allegiance to, the established government 反叛(反抗)政府的人，拒绝为政府效劳的人，造反者 2  a person or thing that resists authority or control 反抗权威的人，抗拒控制的人，叛逆者，叛逆，反抗，造反 ●adj. /ˈreb(ə)l/ (作 attrib.)  1  rebellious 造反的，反叛的，反抗的，难对付的 2  of or concerning rebels 造反者的，反叛者的，反抗者的，叛逆者的 3  in rebellion 造反(叛乱，反抗)的 ●v. intr. /riˈbel/ (rebelled, rebelling) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against)  1  act as a rebel; revolt 造反，反叛，反抗，起义 2  feel or display repugnance 生反感，嫌恶，反对，不服从，抗命 [Middle English via Old French rebelle, rebeller from Latin rebellis (as RE-, bellum ‘war’)]

rebellion /riˈbeljən/ n.  1  open resistance to authority, esp. organized armed resistance to an established government (对权威的)公开反抗(尤指有组织的对政府的武装反抗) 2  an instance of this 反叛，造反，叛乱 [Middle English via Old French from Latin rebellio -onis (as REBEL)]

rebellious /riˈbeljəs/ adj.  1  tending to rebel, insubordinate 易于反叛(叛逆)的，不服从的 2  in rebellion 造反(叛乱，反抗)的 3  defying lawful authority 藐视(不服从)法定权威的 4 (of a thing) unmanageable, refractory (事情)难处理(对付)的，难控制的 □ rebelliously  adv.  □ rebelliousness  n.   [Middle English from REBELLION + -OUS, or from earlier rebellous + -IOUS]

rebid /ˈri:bid/ v. & n. ●v. /also 亦作 ri:ˈbid/ (rebidding; past and past part. rebid)  1 intr.  bid again 再出价 2 tr. Cards  bid (a suit) again at a higher level 【牌戏】再叫(牌套)，第二次叫(牌套) ●n.  1  the act of rebidding 再叫，第二次叫 2  a bid made in this way 再叫的牌套

rebind /ri:ˈbaind/ v. tr. (past and past part. rebound)  bind (esp. a book) again or differently 再次(重新)捆扎，再次(重新)装订(尤指书)

rebirth /ri:ˈbɜ:θ/ n.  1  a new incarnation 再生，重生 2  spiritual enlightenment 精神的启迪 3  a revival 复活，复兴  the rebirth of learning  知识的复兴，求知的复兴 □ reborn  /ri:ˈbɔ:n/ adj.  

rebirthing /ri:ˈbɜ:θiŋ/ n.  a treatment for neurosis involving controlled breathing intended to simulate the trauma of being born 对神经症的一种治疗法(其中采用呼吸控制以模仿刚出生时的伤痛) □ rebirther  n.  

reboot /ri:ˈbu:t/ v. & n. Computing 【计算】  ●v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  boot up (a system) again 重新启动(系统) ●n.  an act or instance of rebooting (系统的)重新启动

rebore v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈbɔ:/  make a new boring in, esp. widen the bore of (the cylinder in an internal-combustion engine) 重镗，尤指镗大(内燃机气缸的)孔径 ●n. /ˈri:bɔ:/  1  the process of doing this 重镗 2  a rebored engine 气缸重镗的内燃机

rebound1 v. & n. ●v. intr. /riˈbaʊnd/  1  spring back after action or impact 反弹，弹回 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) (of an action) have an adverse effect upon (the doer) (行动)产生事与愿违的结果 ●n. /ˈri:baʊnd/  1  the act or an instance of rebounding; recoil 反弹，弹回，反冲 2  a reaction after a strong emotion 强烈情绪后的反应 □ on the rebound   while still recovering from an emotional shock, esp. rejection by a lover 遭受打击(尤指失恋)后情绪正处在恢复之中 [Middle English from Old French rebonder, rebondir (as RE-, BOUND1)]

rebound2 past and past part.  of REBIND 

rebounder /ri:ˈbəʊndə/ n.  a small circular trampoline used for exercising 练习(训练)时用的一种小型圆形蹦床

rebroadcast /ri:ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past rebroadcast or rebroadcasted; past part. rebroadcast)  broadcast again 重播 ●n.  a repeat broadcast 重播

rebuff /riˈbʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rejection of a person who makes advances, proffers help or sympathy, shows interest or curiosity, makes a request, etc. (对取得进展，给予帮助或同情，显示兴趣或好奇，或提出要求等的人的)断然拒绝，回绝 2  a repulse; a snub 排斥，冷落，怠慢 ●v. tr.  give a rebuff to 拒绝，回绝；排斥，冷落，怠慢 [obsolete French rebuffe(r) from Italian ribuffo, ribuffare, rabbuffo, rabbuffare (as RE-, buffo ‘puff’)]

rebuild /ri:ˈbild/ v. tr. (past and past part. rebuilt)  build again or differently 再建，重建，改建 □ rebuilder  n.  

rebuke /riˈbju:k/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  reprove sharply; subject to protest or censure 训斥，谴责，指责 ●n.  1  the act of rebuking 训斥，谴责，指责 2  the process of being rebuked 受训斥，受谴责，受指责 3  a reproof 一顿训斥(或谴责，指责) □ rebuker  n.  □ rebukingly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Norman French rebuker (as RE-, Old French buchier ‘beat’, originally ‘cut down wood’, from busche ‘log’)]

rebury /ri:ˈberi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  bury again 再次(重新)埋葬(掩埋) □ reburial  n.  

rebus /ˈri:bəs/ n. (pl. rebuses)  1  an enigmatic representation of a word (esp. a name), by pictures etc. suggesting its parts (以图画等代表词语，尤指名称，暗示其组成部分的)画谜，字谜 2 Heraldry  a device suggesting the name of its bearer 【纹章学】代表拥有者名字的图案 [French rébus from Latin rebus, ablative pl. of res ‘thing’]

rebut /riˈbʌt/ v. tr. (rebutted, rebutting)  1  refute or disprove (evidence or a charge) 驳斥，驳倒，驳回(证据或指控) 2  force or turn back; check 击退，制止 □ rebutment  n.  □ rebuttable  adj.  □ rebuttal  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French rebuter, Old French rebo(u)ter (as RE-, BUTT1)]

rebutter /riˈbʌtə/ n.  1  a refutation 驳斥，反驳 2 Law  a defendant's reply to the plaintiff's surrejoinder 【法律】被告对原告的第二次辩驳的答辩 [Anglo-French rebuter (as REBUT)]

rec /rek/ n. colloq.  recreation ground [口]娱乐场 [abbreviation]

recalcitrant /riˈkælsitr(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  obstinately disobedient 拒不服从的，桀骜不驯的 2  objecting to restraint 反对限制的，不受约束的，倔强的 ●n.  a recalcitrant person 拒不服从的人，桀骜不驯的人；不受约束的人 □ recalcitrance  n.  □ recalcitrantly  adv.   [Latin recalcitrare (as RE-, calcitrare ‘kick out with the heels’ from calx calcis ‘heel’)]

recalculate /ri:ˈkælkjʊleit/ v. tr.  calculate again 再次(重新)计算 □ recalculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

recalescence /ri:kəˈles(ə)ns/ n.  a temporary rise in temperature during cooling of a metal, caused by a change in crystal structure 再炽热，再辉(指金属冷却过程中由晶体结构变化导致的暂时性温度回升) □ recalescent  adj.   [Latin recalescere (as RE-, calescere ‘grow hot’)]

recall /riˈkɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  summon to return from a place, activity, state of inattention, a digression, etc. (从某处或某活动状态)召回，叫回；使(思想、注意力)重新集中；使回到正题 2  recollect, remember 回忆，想起 3  bring back to memory; serve as a reminder of 使记起，使想起 4  revoke or annul (an action or decision) 撤回，取消(行动或决定) 5  cancel or suspend the appointment of (an official sent overseas etc.) 取消或中止(派往海外的官员等的)任命 6  revive, resuscitate 使复苏(复兴)，使恢复 7  take back (a gift) 收回(礼品) ●n. /also 亦作 ˈri:kɔ:l/  1  the act or an instance of recalling, esp. a summons to come back 召回，叫回(尤指从某处召集回来) 2  the act of remembering 回忆，回想 3  the ability to remember 回忆能力，记忆力 4  the possibility of recalling, esp. in the sense of revoking (回想、召唤起的，尤指取消的)可能性  beyond recall  无法想起的，召唤不回的，无可挽回的，无法撤销的 5 US  removal of an elected official from office [美] (对当选官员的)罢免，免职 6  a request for the return of a faulty product (对有缺点的产品的)收回通告 □ recallable  adj.  

recant /riˈkænt/ v.  1 tr.  withdraw and renounce (a former belief or statement) as erroneous or heretical (因认为其错误而)撤回；放弃；(以前的信念或声明) 2 intr.  disavow a former opinion, esp. with a public confession of error (尤指通过公开认错而)否定以前的看法 □ recantation  /ˌri:kænˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ recanter  n.   [Latin recantare ‘revoke’ (as RE-, cantare ‘sing, chant’)]

recap /ˈri:kæp/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. & intr. (recapped, recapping)  recapitulate 重述要点，概括，摘要 ●n.  recapitulation 要点的重述，概括，摘要 [abbreviation]

recapitalize /ri:ˈkæpit(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  capitalize (shares etc.) again 再投资(股票等) □ recapitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

recapitulate /ri:kəˈpitjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  go briefly through again; summarize 简要重述，概述 2  go over the main points or headings of 总结；概括 □ recapitulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ recapitulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin recapitulare (as RE-, capitulum CHAPTER)]

recapitulation /ˌri:kəpitjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of recapitulating 要点的重述，概括，摘要 2 Biol.  the appearance during embryonic development of successive forms resembling those of the organism's evolutionary predecessors 【生】重演(指生物体在胚胎发育过程中依次出现类似其进化过程中各种形态的现象) 3 Mus.  part of a movement, esp. in sonata form, in which themes from the exposition are restated 【音】再现部(尤指在奏鸣曲形式中重现呈示部主题的乐章) [Middle English from Old French recapitulation or Late Latin recapitulatio (as RECAPITULATE)]

recapture /ri:ˈkæptʃə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  capture again; recover by capture 再俘虏，再捕获；夺回，收复 2  re-experience (a past emotion etc.) 重新经历，重温(旧情等) ●n.  the act or an instance of recapturing 再俘虏，再捕获；夺回，收复；重新经历，重温

recast /ri:ˈkɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. recast)  1  put into a new form 重塑 2  improve the arrangement of 改进…的安排 3  change the cast of (a play etc.) 改变(剧本等)的演员角色 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of recasting 重塑；安排的改进；对(剧本等的)演员角色的改变 2  a recast form 重塑型

recce /ˈreki/ n. & v. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] ●n.  a reconnaissance 侦察，搜索，勘测 ●v. tr. & intr. (recced, recceing)  reconnoitre 侦察，搜索，勘测 [abbreviation]

recd. abbr. [缩略]  received 

re-cede /ri:ˈsi:d/ v. tr.  cede back to a former owner 归还，交还

recede /riˈsi:d/ v. intr.  1  go or shrink back or further off 退，后退；远去；收缩，缩回去 2  be left at an increasing distance by an observer's motion (由于观察者的移动而使得对象)越来越远 3  slope backwards 向后倾斜；缩进去  a receding chin  缩进去的下巴 4  decline in force or value (力量)减弱，(价值)降低 5 (foll. by 后跟 from)  withdraw from (an engagement, opinion, etc.) 撤回(约定，意见等) 6 (of a man's hair) cease to grow at the front, sides, etc. (男子头发)从前部和两侧等处开始脱发 [Middle English from Latin recedere (as RE-, cedere cess - ‘go’)]

receipt /riˈsi:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of receiving or being received into one's possession 收到，接到  will pay on receipt of the goods  将在收到货物后付款 2  a written acknowledgement of this, esp. of the payment of money (尤指付款的)收据，发票 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an amount of money etc. received 收到的钱；进款 4 archaic  a recipe [古义]处方，配方 ●v. tr.  place a written or printed receipt on (a bill) 在(账单)上注明收讫 □ in receipt of   having received 已经收到 [Middle English receit(e) via Anglo-French & Old Norman French receite, Old French reçoite, recete from medieval Latin recepta, fem. past part. of Latin recipere RECEIVE: -p- inserted in imitation of the Latin]

receive /riˈsi:v/ v. tr.  1  take or accept (something offered or given) into one's hands or possession 接到，接受 2  acquire; be provided with or given 获得，得到，被给予  have received no news  没有得到任何消息 will receive a small fee  将会得到一小笔费用(酬金) 3  accept delivery of (something sent) 收到(寄送来的东西) 4  have conferred or inflicted on one 被授予；遭受到  received many honours  被授予许多荣誉 received a heavy blow on the head  头上遭到重重一击 5  a  stand the force or weight of 承受…的力量或重量b  bear up against; encounter with opposition 迎受，抵挡 6  consent to hear (a confession or oath) or consider (a petition) 同意听取(忏悔或誓言)，同意考虑(请求) 7 (also absol. [亦含宾])  accept or have dealings with (stolen property), knowing of the theft 收买(赃物) 8  admit; consent or prove able to hold; provide accommodation for 接纳，接待，为…提供食宿  received many visitors  接待了许多来访者 9 (of a receptacle) be able to hold (a specified amount or contents) (容器)可以容纳(一定容量或内容) 10  greet or welcome, esp. in a specified manner (尤指以特定方式)欢迎，迎接，接见  how did they receive your offer?  他们如何接受你的提议(报价)的？ 11  react to (news, a play, etc.) in a specified way 以特定的方式对(新闻，戏剧等)做出反应(反响)  novel was warmly received  小说得到热烈反响 12  entertain as a guest etc. 招待，款待 13  admit to membership of a society, organization, etc. 吸收(入会、社、组织等) 14  be marked more or less permanently with (an impression etc.) 或多或少被永久印上、留下(印记、印象等) 15  convert (broadcast signals) into sound or pictures 将(广播信号)转换为声音或图像，接收 16 Tennis  etc. be the player to whom the server serves (the ball etc.) 【网球】接(发球) 17 (often as 常作 received adj.)  give credit to; accept as authoritative or true (由于相信而)信任；接受；采纳  received opinion  被接受的意见 18  eat or drink (the Eucharistic bread and wine) 领用(圣餐) □ be at (or on) the receiving end  colloq.  bear the brunt of something unpleasant [口]遭受(不愉快的事情的)冲击□ receivable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French receivre, reçoivre from Latin recipere recept- (as RE-, capere ‘take’)]

received pronunciation n. (also 亦作 Received Standard)  the form of spoken English based on educated speech in southern England (基于南部英格兰上层社会语音的)英语标准发音

receiver /riˈsi:və/ n.  1  a person or thing that receives 接收者，接待者；接收器，容器 2  the part of a machine or instrument that receives sound, signals, etc. (esp. the part of a telephone that contains the earpiece) (机器或仪器上接收声音、信号等的)接收装置(尤指电话听筒) 3 (in full Brit. 全称 [英] official receiver)  a person appointed by a court to administer the property of a bankrupt or insane person, or property under litigation 破产事务官，(破产)产业管理人(法院指定来管理破产者或精神病患者的财产，或被起诉的财产的官员) 4  a radio or television receiving apparatus (无线电或电视的)接收器 5  a person who receives stolen goods 收买赃物者，收赃者 6 Chem.  a vessel for collecting the products of distillation, chromatography, etc. 【化】(用以收集蒸馏液、色层分离液等的)容器 7 Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  a  an offensive player eligible to catch a pass 进攻队直传球接球手b  a defensive player designated to receive a kick-off 接对方开球的防守队员

receivership /riˈsi:vəʃip/ n.  1  the office of official receiver 破产事务官职务(职位) 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in receivership)  the state of being dealt with by a receiver 破产在管状态

receiving order n. Brit.  an order of a court authorizing a receiver (see 见 RECEIVER 3) to act [英] (法院授权破产管理人的)接管令，委任书

recension /riˈsenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the revision of a text 文本的修订 2  a particular form or version of a text resulting from such revision 修订版(本) [Latin recensio from recensēre ‘revise’ (as RE-, censēre ‘review’)]

recent /ˈri:s(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not long past; that happened, appeared, began to exist, or existed lately or just before the present time 没过多久的，最近(发生、出现、开始存在或存在)的，近来的 2  not long established; lately begun; modern 确立不久的；开始不久的；现代的 3 (作 Recent) Geol. 【地质】  = HOLOCENE  ●n. (作 Recent) Geol. 【地质】  = HOLOCENE  □ recency  n.  □ recently  adv.  □ recentness  n.   [Latin recens recentis or French récent]

receptacle /riˈseptək(ə)l/ n.  1  a containing vessel, place, or space 容器，贮藏处，贮藏场所 2 Bot. 【植】  a  the common base of floral organs 花托b  the part of a leaf or thallus in some algae where the reproductive organs are situated 某些海藻的叶(状体)中生殖器官所在的部分 3 Zool.  an organ or structure which receives a secretion, eggs, sperm, etc. 【动】(生殖)托，囊托(接收分泌液、卵、精液等的器官或结构) [Middle English from Old French receptacle or Latin receptaculum (as RECEPTION)]

reception /riˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of receiving or the process of being received, esp. of a person into a place or group (被)接收、接待(尤指对人的迎接、接纳或某人的被迎接、被接纳) 2  the manner in which a person or thing is received 被接见(接待，接受)的方式  got a cool reception  受到冷淡的接待 3  a social occasion for receiving guests, esp. after a wedding (尤指婚礼后的)招待会 4  a formal or ceremonious welcome 正式的欢迎仪式 5  a place where guests or clients etc. report on arrival at a hotel, office, etc. (旅馆、办事处等地的)接待处 6  a  the receiving of broadcast signals (广播信号的)接收b  the quality of this (广播信号的)接收质量  we have excellent reception  我们这里的接收情况很好 [Middle English from Old French reception or Latin receptio (as RECEIVE)]

receptionist /riˈsepʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person employed in an office or Brit. a hotel to receive clients, guests, etc. (办公室)接待员；[英] (宾馆)接待员

reception order n. Brit.  an order authorizing the entry of a patient into a psychiatric hospital [英] (精神病人的)入院令

reception room n. esp. Brit.  a room available or suitable for receiving company or visitors [尤英]接待室，会客室

receptive /riˈseptiv/ adj.  1  able or quick to receive impressions or ideas 接受能力强的，能迅速接受(印象或观念)的 2  concerned with receiving stimuli etc. (关于刺激等)接受的，感受的 □ receptively  adv.  □ receptiveness  n.  □ receptivity  /ri:sepˈtiviti/ n.   [French réceptif -ive or medieval Latin receptivus (as RECEPTION)]

receptor /riˈseptə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Biol. 【生】  1  an organ or cell able to respond to an external stimulus such as light, heat, or a drug, and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve 感受器(指能对光、热、药物等外界刺激产生反应并向感觉神经传递信号的器官或细胞) 2  a region of a tissue or molecule in a cell membrane etc. which responds specifically to a substance e.g. a neurotransmitter or hormone 受体(指对神经递质或激素等一些物质产生特别反应的组织区域或细胞膜分子等) [Old French receptour or Latin receptor (as RECEPTIVE)]

recess /riˈses, ˈri:ses/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a space set back in a wall; a niche (墙壁的)凹处，壁龛 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a remote or secret place 幽深处，隐秘处  the innermost recesses  最幽深处 3  a temporary cessation from work, esp. of Parliament, or N. Amer. of a law court or during a school day (工作的)暂时休息(尤指议会的休会或[北美]法院的休庭，学校的课间休息) 4 Anat.  a fold or indentation in an organ 【解】隐窝 5 Geog.  a receding part of a mountain chain etc. 【地理】(山脉等的)凹处 ●v.  1 tr.  make a recess in 使凹进，在…上修凹壁 2 tr.  place in a recess; set back 把…放在凹室(壁龛)；使后退 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a intr.  take a recess; adjourn 暂停，休会，休假，休息，休庭b tr.  order a temporary cessation from the work of (a court etc.) 宣布(法庭等)休庭 [Latin recessus (as RECEDE)]

recession /riˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a temporary decline in economic activity or prosperity (经济的暂时)衰退 2  a receding or withdrawal from a place or point 后退，退回，撤回 3  a receding part of an object; a recess (物体的)凹进处 □ recessionary  adj.   [Latin recessio (as RECESS)]

recessional /riˈseʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  sung while the clergy and choir withdraw after a service (基督教礼拜仪式结束后牧师与唱诗班退场时)退场唱的 ●n.  a recessional hymn 退场赞美诗

recessive /riˈsesiv/ adj.  1  tending to recede 有倒退倾向的 2 Phonet. (of an accent) falling near the beginning of a word 【语音】(重音)逆行的(指重音接近单词开头的) 3 Genetics (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in offspring only when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent 【遗传学】(遗传特征)隐性的 □ recessively  adv.  □ recessiveness  n.   [RECESS, on the pattern of excessive]

recharge v. & n. ●v. /ri:ˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1 tr.  charge again 再进攻，再袭击；再指控，再控告 2 tr.  reload 再装(载) 3 intr. (of a battery etc.) be recharged (电池等)被再充电 ●n. /ˈri:tʃɑ:dʒ/  1  an act or the action of recharging 再指控，再控告；再装(载)；再充电 2  a renewed or return charge in battle 再进攻，再袭击，反攻 □ rechargeable  /ri:ˈtʃɑ:dʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  

recharger /ri:ˈtʃɑ:dʒə/ n.  a device for recharging batteries or battery-powered equipment 再次充电装置，充电器

recheck v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /ri:ˈtʃek/  check again 再检查(核对)，复核 ●n. /ˈri:tʃek/  a second or further check or inspection 第二(或更多)次核对(检查)，再核对(检查)

recherché /rəˈʃɛəʃei/ adj.  1  carefully sought out; rare or exotic 仔细找出的，精心挑选的；罕见的，难得的；奇异的，具有异国情调的 2  far-fetched, obscure 牵强的，费解的 [French, past part. of rechercher (as RE-, chercher ‘seek’)]

rechristen /ri:ˈkris(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  christen again 给…重新命名 2  give a new name to 给…起新名

recidivist /riˈsidivist/ n.  a person who relapses into crime 重犯，惯犯 □ recidivism  n.  □ recidivistic  /-ˈvistik/ adj.   [French récidiviste, from récidiver, via medieval Latin recidivare from Latin recidivus, from recidere (as RE-, cadere ‘fall’)]

recipe /ˈresipi/ n.  1  a statement of the ingredients and procedure required for preparing a mixture, esp. a culinary dish 配方及制作过程说明(尤指烹饪法、食谱) 2  an expedient; a device for achieving something 手段，诀窍 3  a medical prescription 药处方 [2nd sing. imperative (as used in prescriptions) of Latin recipere ‘take, RECEIVE’]

recipient /riˈsipiənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who receives something 接受者，接收者 ●adj.  1  receiving 接受的 2  receptive 善于接受的，能接纳的 □ recipiency  n.   [French récipient from Italian recipiente or Latin recipiens, from recipere RECEIVE]

reciprocal /riˈsiprək(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in return 回报的，报答的  offered a reciprocal greeting  给予答谢问候 2  mutual 相互的，共有的  their feelings are reciprocal  他们感觉相同 3 Gram. (of a pronoun) expressing mutual action or relation (as in each other) 【语法】(代词)表示相互行为或关系的，相互的(如 each other) 4  inversely correspondent; complementary 对等的；相互补充的  natural kindness matched by a reciprocal severity  伴随着严肃的天然亲切感 ●n. Math.  an expression or function so related to another that their product is unity 【数】倒数，反商  1/2 is the reciprocal of 2  1/2 是 2 的倒数 □ reciprocality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ reciprocally  adv.   [Latin reciprocus, ultimately from re- ‘back’ + pro ‘forward’]

reciprocate /riˈsiprəkeit/ v.  1 tr.  return or requite (affection etc.) 回报，报答(友爱等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  offer or give something in return 酬答，回请，还礼  reciprocated with an invitation to lunch  以午餐邀请作为酬答 3 tr.  give and receive mutually; interchange 互换 4  a intr. (of a part of a machine) move backwards and forwards (机件)往复运动b tr.  cause to do this 使(机件)往复运动 □ reciprocation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reciprocator  n.   [Latin reciprocare reciprocat- (as RECIPROCAL)]

reciprocating engine n.  an engine using a piston or pistons moving up and down in cylinders 往复式发动机

reciprocity /resiˈprɒsiti/ n.  1  the condition of being reciprocal 相互性，相互关系，互易性 2  mutual action 相互作用 3  give and take, esp. the interchange of privileges between countries and organizations 互换(尤指国家、组织之间互相给予特权、优惠) [French réciprocité, from réciproque, from Latin reciprocus (as RECIPROCATE)]

recirculate /ri:ˈsɜ:kjʊleit/ v. tr. & intr.  circulate again, esp. make available for reuse (使)再循环，(使)再流通(尤指供重新使用) □ recirculation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

recital /riˈsait(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reciting or being recited (被)背诵，(被)朗诵 2  the performance of a programme of music by a solo instrumentalist or singer or by a small group 独奏会，独唱会，小型演奏会 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a detailed account of (connected things or facts); a narrative 详细叙述，讲述 4 Law  the part of a legal document that states the facts 【法律】(契约等法律文件中)陈述事实的部分 □ recitalist  n.  

recitation /resiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reciting 背诵，朗诵 2  a thing recited 背诵(朗诵)的东西 [Old French recitation or Latin recitatio (as RECITE)]

recitative /ˌresitəˈti:v/ n.  1  musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera and oratorio (通常见于歌剧、宗教剧叙述和对话部分的)宣叙调 2  the words or part given in this form 宣叙部 [Italian recitativo (as RECITE)]

recite /riˈsait/ v.  1 tr.  repeat aloud or declaim (a poem or passage) from memory, esp. before an audience (尤指当众)朗诵，背诵，吟诵(诗歌或段落) 2 intr.  give a recitation 朗诵，背诵 3 tr.  mention in order; enumerate 依次提及；列举 □ reciter  n.   [Middle English from Old French reciter or Latin recitare (as RE-, CITE)]

reck /rek/ v. (only in neg. or interrog. 仅用于否定句或疑问句) archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  pay heed to; take account of; care about 注意，顾虑，担心，介意 2 tr.  pay heed to 注意，留心 3 intr. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 it as subject)  be of importance 要紧，有关系  it recks little  不要紧，没关系 [partly from an Old English word related to Old High German ruohhen, from Germanic; partly from Old English reccan, of unknown origin]

reckless /ˈreklis/ adj.  disregarding the consequences or danger etc.; lacking caution; rash 不计后果(或危险等)的，不小心的，轻率的，鲁莽的 □ recklessly  adv.  □ recklessness  n.   [Old English reccelēas (as RECK)]

reckon /ˈrek(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  count or compute by calculation 数，计算 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  count in or include in computation 把…计算在内 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 as or to be)  consider or regard 认为，当作  reckon him wise  认为他聪明 reckon them to be beyond hope  认为他们无可救药 4 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  conclude after calculation; be of the considered opinion 考虑(计算)后下…结论，估计，断定b (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  expect [口]指望，预期  reckons to finish by Friday  预计星期五前完成c colloq.  think, suppose [口]想，认为，以为，推想 5 intr.  a  make calculations; add up an account or sum 计算，算出b (foll. by 后跟 with)  settle accounts with 与…结算(结账) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  rely on, count on, or base plans on 依靠，指望 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with or without)  take (or fail to take) into account 将(或没有将)…考虑(计算)在内 □ reckon up   1  count up; find the total of 把…加起来，算出总数 2  settle accounts 结算，结账□ to be reckoned with   of considerable importance; not to be ignored 至关重要，不可忽视 [Old English (ge)recenian, from West Germanic]

reckoner /ˈrek(ə)nə/ n.  = READY RECKONER 

reckoning /ˈrek(ə)niŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of counting or calculating 计算，估计 2  a consideration or opinion 想法，看法 3  a  the settlement of an account 结算，结账b  an account 账目，账单

reclaim /riˈkleim/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  seek the return of (one's property) 要求归还，收回(财产) 2  claim in return or as a rebate etc. 要求得到…作为回报(回扣等) 3  bring under cultivation, esp. from a state of being under water (尤指通过填海)造地，开垦 4  a  win back or away from vice or error or a waste condition; reform 挽回，矫正；重新利用；改造b  tame, civilize 驯服，教化 ●n.  the act or an instance of reclaiming; the process of being reclaimed (被)收回，(被)开垦，(被)矫正，(被)改造，(被)教化 □ reclaimable  adj.  □ reclaimer  n.  □ reclamation  /rekləˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French reclamer reclaim- from Latin reclamare ‘cry out against’ (as RE-, clamare ‘shout’)]

reclassify /ri:ˈklæsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  classify again or differently 将…再次(重新)分类 □ reclassification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reclinate /ˈreklineit/ adj. Bot.  bending downwards 【植】(叶片)下垂的，(枝条)拱垂的 [Latin reclinatus, past part. of reclinare (as RECLINE)]

recline /riˈklain/ v.  1 intr.  assume or be in a horizontal or leaning position, esp. in resting (尤指休息时)躺，斜倚，靠 2 tr.  cause to recline or move from the vertical 使后仰，使倾斜 □ reclinable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French recliner or Latin reclinare ‘bend back, recline’ (as RE-, clinare ‘bend’)]

recliner /riˈklainə/ n.  1  a comfortable chair for reclining in 躺椅 2  a person who reclines 躺着(斜靠着)的人

reclothe /ri:ˈkləʊð/ v. tr.  clothe again or differently 给…再次(重新)穿衣

recluse /riˈklu:s/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to or living in seclusion or isolation, esp. as a religious discipline; a hermit (尤指遵循宗教要求的)隐士；遁世者 ●adj.  favouring seclusion; solitary 喜欢隐居的；孤独的 □ reclusion  /riˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ reclusive  adj.  □ reclusiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French reclus recluse, past part. of reclure, from Latin recludere reclus- (as RE-, claudere ‘shut’)]

recode /ri:ˈkəʊd/ v. tr.  code again or differently 将…再次(重新)编码

recognition /rekəɡˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of recognizing or being recognized (被)识别，(被)认出，(被)承认 □ recognitory  /riˈkɒɡnit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin recognitio (as RECOGNIZE)]

recognizance /riˈkɒ(ɡ)niz(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 recognisance)  1  a bond by which a person undertakes before a court or magistrate to observe some condition, e.g. to appear when summoned (向法院或地方法官保证遵守某种要求，如保证随传随到的)保证书，具结 2  a sum pledged as surety for this (交付法院保证随传随到等的)保证金 [Middle English from Old French recon(n)issance (as RE-, COGNIZANCE)]

recognizant /riˈkɒɡniz(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 recognisant) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  showing recognition (of a favour etc.) 表示对(恩惠等)承认(认可)的 2  conscious or showing consciousness (of something) 对(某事)意识到(认识到)的

recognize /ˈrekəɡnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  identify (a person or thing) as already known; know again 认出(某人或物) 2  realize or discover the nature of 明白，领悟，意识到 3 (foll. by 后跟 that)  realize or admit 认识到，承认，接受 4  acknowledge the existence, validity, character, or claims of 承认(接受)…的存在、有效性、特性或要求等 5  show appreciation of; reward 赏识；报偿 6 (foll. by 后跟 as, for)  treat or acknowledge 视为，看作 7 (of a chairperson etc.) allow (a person) to speak in a debate etc. (会议主席等)允许(某人)发言 □ recognizable  adj.  □ recognizability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ recognizably  adv.  □ recognizer  n.   [Old French recon(n)iss-, stem of reconnaistre, from Latin recognoscere recognit- (as RE-, cognoscere ‘learn’)]

recoil /riˈkɔil/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  suddenly move or spring back in fear, horror, or disgust (由于害怕、恐惧或厌恶等)突然退(跳)回，退缩 2  shrink mentally in this way 畏缩 3  rebound after an impact 反弹，弹回 4 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  have an adverse reactive effect on (the originator) 产生反作用 5 (of a gun) be driven backwards by its discharge (枪炮)后坐，后缩 6  retreat under an enemy's attack (受到敌人进攻后)撤退 7 Physics (of an atom etc.) move backwards by the conservation of momentum on emission of a particle 【物理学】(原子等)反冲 ●n. /also 亦作 ˈri:kɔil/  1  the act or an instance of recoiling 退回，反弹，反作用，后坐力，撤退，反冲 2  the sensation of recoiling 畏缩 [Middle English from Old French reculer (as RE-, Latin culus ‘buttocks’)]

re-collect /ri:kəˈlekt/ v. tr.  1  collect again 再收集，再聚集 2 (作 refl.)  recover control of (oneself) 使(自己)镇定下来

recollect /rekəˈlekt/ v. tr.  1  remember 记得 2  succeed in remembering; call to mind 回忆起，想起 [Latin recolligere recollect- (as RE-, COLLECT1)]

recollection /rekəˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or power of recollecting 回忆；记忆力 2  a thing recollected 回忆起的(往)事 3  a  a person's memory (某人的)记忆  to the best of my recollection  就我记忆所及，我只记得b  the time over which memory extends 记忆所及的时间  happened within my recollection  发生在我能回忆起的时间内 □ recollective  adj.   [French recollection or medieval Latin recollectio (as RECOLLECT)]

recolonize /ri:ˈkɒlənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  colonize again 再度在…开拓殖民地，再度殖民(移民)于… □ recolonization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

recolour /ri:ˈkʌlə/ v. tr. (US [美] recolor)  colour again or differently 给…再次(重新)着色

recombinant /riˈkɒmbinənt/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj. (of a gene etc.) formed by recombination (基因等)重组的 ●n.  a recombinant organism or cell 重组器官，重组细胞

recombinant DNA n.  DNA that has been recombined using constituents from different sources 重组 DNA

recombination /ri:ˌkɒmbiˈneiʃ(ə)n, ˌri:kɒmb-/ n. Biol.  the rearrangement, esp. by crossing over in chromosomes, of genes to form a combination different from that of the parents 【生】重组

recombine /ri:kəmˈbain/ v. tr. & intr.  combine again or differently 再次(重新)结合，重组

recommence /ri:kəˈmens/ v. tr. & intr.  begin again (使)再次(重新)开始 □ recommencement  n.  

recommend /rekəˈmend/ v. tr.  1  suggest as fit for some purpose or use 推荐 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  advise as a course of action etc. 建议，劝告  I recommend that you stay where you are  我建议你留在原处(呆在原地) 3 (of qualities, conduct, etc.) make acceptable or desirable (质量、品行等)使可取，使受欢迎 4 (foll. by 后跟 to) Brit.  commend or entrust (to a person or a person's care) [英]委托，托付(给某人) □ recommendable  adj.  □ recommendation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ recommendatory  /-dət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ recommender  n.   [Middle English (in sense 4) from medieval Latin recommendare (as RE-, COMMEND)]

recommission /ri:kəˈmiʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  commission again 再度委任；使再度服役

recommit /ri:kəˈmit/ v. tr. (recommitted, recommitting)  1  commit again 再犯 2  return (a bill etc.) to a committee for further consideration 将(议案等)交回委员会复议 □ recommitment  n.  □ recommittal  n.  

recompense /ˈrekəmpens/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  make amends to (a person) or for (a loss etc.) 向(某人)赔偿，赔偿(损失等) 2  requite; reward or punish (a person or action) 报答，酬谢；回报，奖励或惩罚(某人或某种行为) ●n.  1  a reward; requital 报酬，酬劳，酬金，答谢，报答 2  retribution; satisfaction given for an injury 赔偿，补偿 [Middle English via Old French recompense (n.), recompenser (v.) from Late Latin recompensare (as RE-, COMPENSATE)]

recompose /ri:kəmˈpəʊz/ v. tr.  compose again or differently 将…再次(重新)安排(或组成、谱写等)；使恢复平静

recon /riˈkɒn/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) US slang  military reconnaissance [美] [俚语]军事侦察 [abbreviation]

reconcile /ˈrek(ə)nsail/ v. tr.  1  make friendly again after an estrangement (疏远后)使和解，使和好 2 (usu. in refl. or passive 通常作反身动词或用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to)  make acquiescent or contentedly submissive to (something disagreeable or unwelcome) 使顺从于，使安心于，使甘心于(令人不快或厌恶的事)  was reconciled to failure  甘心于失败 3  settle (a quarrel etc.) 调停，调解(争吵等) 4  a  harmonize; make compatible 使和谐，使协调一致b  show the compatibility of by argument or in practice (通过论证或在实践中)表现或显示…的一致性  cannot reconcile your views with the facts  你的观点与事实不相符 □ reconcilable  adj.  □ reconcilability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ reconcilement  n.  □ reconciler  n.  □ reconciliation  /-siliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reconciliatory  /-kənˈsiliət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French reconcilier or Latin reconciliare (as RE-, conciliare CONCILIATE)]

recondite /ˈrek(ə)ndait, riˈkɒn-/ adj.  1 (of a subject or knowledge) abstruse; out of the way; little known (主题或知识)深奥的，隐秘的，鲜为人知的 2 (of an author or style) dealing in abstruse knowledge or allusions; obscure (作者)使用深奥难懂的学问的，隐喻的；(文体)晦涩难懂的 □ reconditely  adv.  □ reconditeness  n.   [Latin reconditus (as RE-, conditus, past part. of condere ‘hide’)]

recondition /ri:kənˈdiʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  overhaul, refit, renovate 检修，整修，修理，修复 2  make usable again 修好

reconfigure /ri:kənˈfiɡə/ v. tr.  configure again or differently 再次(重新)装配，改装 □ reconfiguration  /-ɡəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconfirm /ri:kənˈfɜ:m/ v. tr.  confirm, establish, or ratify anew 重新确认，使更巩固，重新批准 □ reconfirmation  /-kɒnfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconnaissance /riˈkɒnis(ə)ns/ n.  1  a survey of a region, esp. a military examination to locate an enemy or ascertain strategic features (对一个地区的)勘察，检查，侦察(尤指军事侦察) 2  a preliminary survey or inspection 预先调查或视察 [French (earlier -oissance), from the stem of reconnaître (as RECONNOITRE)]

reconnect /ri:kəˈnekt/ v. tr.  connect again 使再连结，使重新接通 □ reconnection  n.  

reconnoitre /rekəˈnɔitə/ v. & n. (US [美] reconnoiter) ●v.  1 tr.  make a reconnaissance of (an area, enemy position, etc.) 勘察，侦察(一片地区、敌人阵地等) 2 intr.  make a reconnaissance 勘察，侦察 ●n.  a reconnaissance 勘察，侦察 [obsolete French reconnoître from Latin recognoscere RECOGNIZE]

reconquer /ri:ˈkɒŋkə/ v. tr.  conquer again 再次征服(占领)，夺回 □ reconquest  n.  

reconsecrate /ri:ˈkɒnsikreit/ v. tr.  consecrate (a church etc.) again 再次献给(教堂等) □ reconsecration  /-ˈkreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconsider /ri:kənˈsidə/ v. tr. & intr.  consider again, esp. for a possible change of decision (尤指为决定的可能改变而)重新考虑 □ reconsideration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconsign /ri:kənˈsain/ v. tr.  consign again or differently 再交付，重新托运 □ reconsignment  n.  

reconsolidate /ri:kənˈsɒlideit/ v. tr. & intr.  consolidate again 再次巩固，重新联合 □ reconsolidation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconstitute /ri:ˈkɒnstitju:t/ v. tr.  1  build up again from parts; reconstruct 重新组成，重建 2  reorganize 改组，改编 3  restore the previous constitution of (dried food etc.) by adding water (通过加入水)使(脱水食品等)复原 □ reconstitution  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reconstruct /ri:kənˈstrʌkt/ v. tr.  1  build or form again 重建，重新构成 2  a  form a mental or visual impression of (past events) by assembling the evidence for them (通过汇集证据在头脑中)重现(往事)b  re-enact (a crime) 再现(犯罪情景) 3  reorganize 改组，改编 □ reconstructable  adj. (also 亦作 reconstructible)  □ reconstruction  n.  □ reconstructive  adj.  □ reconstructor  n.  

reconvene /ri:kənˈvi:n/ v. tr. & intr.  convene again, esp. (of a meeting etc.) after a pause in proceedings (尤指经过暂停后)再次召集，再举行(会议等)

reconvert /ri:kənˈvɜ:t/ v. tr.  convert back to a former state 使转变回(恢复到)原状 □ reconversion  n.  

record n. & v. ●n. /ˈrekɔ:d/  1  a  a piece of evidence or information constituting an (esp. official) account of something that has occurred, been said, etc. (尤指正式的)明证b  a document preserving this 案卷；档案 2  the state of being set down or preserved in writing or some other permanent form 记录；记载  is a matter of record  是有案可查的事 3  a (in full 全称 gramophone record or N. Amer. [北美] phonograph record)  a thin plastic disc carrying recorded sound in grooves on each surface, for reproduction by a record player 唱片b  a trace made on this or some other medium, e.g. magnetic tape 唱片或其他媒体(如磁带)上的录制品 4  a  an official report of the proceedings and judgement in a court of justice 审判记录b  a copy of the pleadings etc. constituting a case to be decided by a court (see also 另见 COURT OF RECORD) 诉状 5  the facts known about a person's past 履历，经历  has an honourable record of service  有着光荣的经历 6 (in full 全称 criminal record)  a  a list of a person's previous criminal convictions 犯罪记录b  a history of being convicted for crime 前科  has a record  犯有前科 7  the best performance (esp. in sport) or most remarkable event of its kind on record (尤指体育运动中的)最好(高)纪录，最佳成绩 often 常作 attrib.: a record attempt  创纪录的一次尝试 8  an object serving as a memorial of a person or thing; a portrait 纪念品；肖像，相片 9 Computing  a number of related items of information which are handled as a unit 【计算】记录(作为一个单元处理的相关数据) ●v. tr. /riˈkɔ:d/  1  set down in writing or some other permanent form for later reference, esp. as an official record 记下…以备案；(尤正式)记录 2  convert (sound, a broadcast, etc.) into permanent form for later reproduction 录制(声音、广播等) 3  establish or constitute a historical or other record of 记载，做(历史或其他)记录 □ break (or beat) the record   outdo all previous performances etc. 打破纪录□ for the record   as an official statement etc. 作为正式声明等□ go on record   state one's opinion or judgement openly or officially, so that it is recorded 公开或正式陈述观点或判断，以便被记录在案□ a matter of record   a thing established as a fact by being recorded 有案可查的事实□ off the record   as an unofficial or confidential statement etc. 非正式的(地)，不能公开的(地)□ on record   officially recorded; publicly known 记录在案的，众所周知的□ put (or get or set etc.) the record straight   correct a misapprehension 纠正误解，澄清事实□ recordable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French record ‘remembrance’, recorder ‘to record’, from Latin recordari ‘remember’ (as RE-, cor cordis ‘heart’)]

record-breaking attrib. adj.  that breaks a record (see 见 RECORD n. 7) 破纪录的

recorded delivery n. Brit.  a Post Office service in which the dispatch and receipt of a letter or parcel are recorded [英]记录式投递(信件或包裹的寄送与接收都有记录的邮政服务)，挂号投递

recorder /riˈkɔ:də/ n.  1  an apparatus for recording, esp. a tape recorder 记录装置(仪器) (尤指磁带录音机) 2  a  a keeper of records 文档员b  a person who makes an official record 记录员，书记员 3 (usu. 通常作 Recorder)  a (in England and Wales) a barrister or solicitor of at least ten years' standing, appointed to serve as a part-time judge (英格兰、威尔士) (拥有至少 10 年任期、被任命做兼职法官的)律师b Brit. hist.  a judge in certain courts [英史义]某些法庭的法官 4 Mus.  a woodwind instrument like a flute but blown through the end and having a more hollow tone 【音】直笛(一种木管乐器，类似长笛，但从一端吹奏且声音更为空洞) □ recordership  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Middle English, partly from Anglo-French recordour, Old French recordeur; partly from RECORD (in obsolete sense ‘practise a tune’)]

record holder n.  a person who holds a record (see 见 RECORD n. 7) 纪录保持者

recording /riˈkɔ:diŋ/ n.  1  the process by which audio or video signals are recorded for later reproduction (声音、图像等的)录制 2  material or a programme recorded 录制品；录制的节目

recording angel n.  an angel that supposedly registers each person's good and bad actions (据说记录每人善恶行为的)记录天使

recordist /riˈkɔ:dist/ n. esp. Brit.  a person who records sound [尤英]录音师

record player n.  an apparatus for reproducing sound from gramophone records by means of a turntable and stylus etc. 电唱机

re-count v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈkaʊnt/  count again 重新计数，再清点 ●n. /ˈri:kaʊnt/  a re-counting, esp. of votes in an election (尤指选票的)重数，重计

recount /riˈkaʊnt/ v. tr.  1  narrate 叙述，讲述 2  tell in detail 详细叙述，描述 [Old Norman French & Anglo-French reconter (as RE-, COUNT1)]

recoup /riˈku:p/ v. tr.  1  recover or regain (a loss) 恢复；重获，挽回(损失) 2  compensate or reimburse for a loss 补偿，偿还 3 Law  deduct or keep back (part of a sum due) 【法律】扣除，扣留(部分应付款项) □ recoup oneself   recover a loss 挽回损失□ recoupable  adj.  □ recoupment  n.   [French recouper (as RE-, couper ‘cut’)]

recourse /riˈkɔ:s/ n.  1  resorting to a possible source of help 求助，求援 2  a person or thing resorted to 求助(求援)对象 □ have recourse to   turn to (a person or thing) for help 求助于(某人或某物)□ without recourse   a formula used by the endorser of a bill etc. to disclaim responsibility for payment 无追索权(票据等背书人拒绝承担支付责任的一种方式) [Middle English via Old French recours from Latin recursus (as RE-, COURSE)]

re-cover /ri:ˈkʌvə/ v. tr.  1  cover again 再次覆盖 2  provide (a chair etc.) with a new cover 给(椅子等)换上新的罩子

recover /riˈkʌvə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  regain possession or use or control of; reclaim 恢复对…的占有(使用，或控制)，收回 2 intr.  return to health or consciousness or to a normal state or position 复原；恢复(健康、知觉、或常态)  have recovered from my illness  已经康复 the country never recovered from the war  这个国家一直没有从战争的破坏中恢复过来 3 tr.  obtain or secure (compensation etc.) by legal process 通过法律程序取得(赔偿等) 4 tr.  retrieve or make up for (a loss, setback, etc.) 挽回，弥补，补偿(损失、过失等) 5 refl.  regain composure or consciousness or control of one's limbs 恢复(镇定、意识，或对肢体的控制) 6 tr.  retrieve (reusable substances) from industrial waste (从工业废品中)提取(可以重新利用的物质) ●n.  the recovery of a normal position in fencing etc. (击剑等运动中)姿势还原(至预备状态) □ recoverable  adj.  □ recoverability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ recoverer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French recoverer, Old French recovrer from Latin recuperare RECUPERATE]

recovery /riˈkʌv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of recovering; the process of being recovered 重获；恢复 2 Golf  a stroke bringing the ball out of a bunker etc. 【高尔夫球】(将球打出沙坑等障碍的)一击 [Middle English from Anglo-French recoverie, Old French reco(u)vree (as RECOVER)]

recreant /ˈrekriənt/ adj. & n. literary [文学用语] ●adj.  1  craven, cowardly 怯懦的，胆怯的 2  apostate 变节的，背叛的 ●n.  1  a coward 懦夫，胆小鬼 2  an apostate 变节者，背叛者，叛徒 □ recreancy  n.  □ recreantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, part. of recroire, from medieval Latin (se)recredere ‘yield in trial by combat’ (as RE-, credere ‘entrust’)]

recreate /ri:kriˈeit/ v. tr.  create over again; reconstruct 再创造，再创作，再创建，重建 □ recreation  n.  

recreation /rekriˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or means of refreshing or entertaining oneself (调剂、恢复精力的)消遣，娱乐 2  a pleasurable activity 消遣(娱乐)活动 □ recreational  adj.  □ recreationally  adv.  □ recreative  /ˈrekrieitiv/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin recreatio -onis, from recreare ‘create again, renew’]

recreation ground n. Brit.  public land for games etc. [英]公共娱乐场

recriminate /riˈkrimineit/ v. intr.  make mutual or counter accusations 互控，反责，反(控)诉 □ recrimination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ recriminative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ recriminatory  /-nət(ə)ri/ adj.   [medieval Latin recriminare (as RE-, criminare ‘accuse’ from crimen CRIME)]

recross /ri:ˈkrɒs/ v. tr. & intr.  cross or pass over again 再次交叉，再次穿过(越过)

recrudesce /ri:kru:ˈdes, rek-/ v. intr. (of a disease or difficulty etc.) break out again, esp. after a dormant period (疾病或困难等尤其在平静一段时间后)复发，再次发作；再爆发 □ recrudescence  n.  □ recrudescent  adj.   [back-formation from recrudescent, -ence, from Latin recrudescere (as RE-, crudus ‘raw’)]

recruit /riˈkru:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a serviceman or servicewoman newly enlisted and not yet fully trained 新兵 2  a new member of a society or organization (团体或组织的)新成员 3  a beginner 新手 ●v.  1 tr.  enlist (a person) as a recruit 招募，征募 2 tr.  form (an army etc.) by enlisting recruits 通过招募而组建(军队等) 3 intr.  get or seek recruits 招收新成员，招募新兵 4 tr.  replenish or reinvigorate (numbers, strength, etc.) 补充(人数、数量等)，加强(力量等) □ recruitable  adj.  □ recruiter  n.  □ recruitment  n.   [earlier = reinforcement: obsolete French dialect recrute, ultimately via French recroître ‘increase again’ from Latin recrescere]

recrystallize /ri:ˈkrist(ə)laiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  crystallize again (使)再结晶 □ recrystallization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

recta pl.  of RECTUM  

rectal /ˈrekt(ə)l/ adj.  of or by means of the rectum (通过)直肠的 □ rectally  adv.  

rectangle /ˈrektæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles, esp. one with the adjacent sides unequal 矩形，长方形 [French rectangle or medieval Latin rectangulum from Late Latin rectiangulum, from Latin rectus ‘straight’ + angulus ANGLE1]

rectangular /rekˈtæŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  1  a  shaped like a rectangle 像长方形的b  having the base or sides or section shaped like a rectangle (其底、边或截面)呈矩形的 2  a  placed at right angles 成直角的b  having parts or lines placed at right angles (其部分或线条)成直角的 □ rectangularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ rectangularly  adv.  

rectangular coordinate n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  each of a set of coordinates measured along axes at right angles to one another 直角坐标

rectangular hyperbola n.  a hyperbola with rectangular asymptotes 等轴双曲线，直角双曲线

recti pl.  of RECTUS  

rectified spirit n. Chem.  an azeotropic mixture of alcohol (95.6%) and water produced by distillation 【化】精馏酒精

rectifier /ˈrektifaiə/ n.  1  a person or thing that rectifies 纠正者；矫正器 2 Electr.  an electrical device that allows a current to flow preferentially in one direction by converting an alternating current into a direct one 【电】整流器

rectify /ˈrektifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  adjust or make right; correct, amend 调整，纠正，矫正，改正，修正 2  purify or refine, esp. by repeated distillation 提纯，精炼(尤指精馏) 3  find a straight line equal in length to (a curve) 求(曲线)的长度 4  convert (alternating current) to direct current 将(交流电)转化为直流电 □ rectifiable  adj.  □ rectification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French rectifier from medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus ‘right’]

rectilinear /rektiˈliniə/ adj. (also 亦作 rectilineal /-niəl/)  1  bounded or characterized by straight lines 以直线为边(轮廓)的，直线性的 2  in or forming a straight line (沿)直线的，构成直线的 □ rectilinearity  /-ˈæriti/ n.  □ rectilinearly  adv.   [Late Latin rectilineus, from Latin rectus ‘straight’ + linea LINE1]

rectitude /ˈrektitju:d/ n.  1  moral uprightness 操行端正，正直 2  righteousness 正当，正义 3  correctness 正确 [Middle English via Old French rectitude or Late Latin rectitudo from Latin rectus ‘right’]

recto /ˈrektəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the right-hand page of an open book (打开的书的)右页 2  the front of a printed leaf of paper or manuscript (opp. 反义 VERSO 1) (打印的纸张或手稿的)正面 [Latin recto (folio) ‘on the right (leaf)’]

rector /ˈrektə/ n.  1  a (in the Church of England) the incumbent of a parish where all tithes formerly passed to the incumbent (cf. 参见 VICAR 1a) (英国圣公会中曾掌管教区全部什一税收入的)主管牧师，教区长b (in other Anglican churches) a member of the clergy who has charge of a parish (其他英国教会)教区长 2 RC Ch.  a priest in charge of a church or of a religious institution 【天主教】(教堂或其他宗教机构的)主管牧师，首席神父 3  a  the head of some schools, universities, and colleges (一些学校、大学、学院的)校长，院长b (in Scotland) an elected representative of students on a university's governing body (苏格兰) (经选举产生进入大学管理机构的)学生代表 □ rectorate  /-rət/ n.  □ rectorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ rectorship  n.   [Middle English from Old French rectour or Latin rector ‘ruler’, from regere rect- ‘rule’]

rectory /ˈrekt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a rector's house 教区长(或首席神父)的住宅 2 (in the Church of England) a rector's benefice (英国圣公会)教区长的圣俸 [Anglo-French & Old French rectorie or medieval Latin rectoria (as RECTOR)]

rectrix /ˈrektriks/ n. (pl. rectrices /-risi:z/)  a bird's strong tail feather directing flight 舵羽(鸟尾上控制飞行方向的硬羽毛) [Latin, fem. of rector ‘ruler’: see RECTOR]

rectum /ˈrektəm/ n. (pl. rectums or recta /-tə/)  the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus 直肠 [Latin rectum (intestinum) ‘straight (intestine)’]

rectus /ˈrektəs/ n. (pl. recti /-tai/) Anat.  a straight muscle 【解】直肌 [Latin, = straight]

recumbent /riˈkʌmbənt/ adj.  lying down; reclining 躺着的，斜倚(靠)着的 □ recumbency  n.  □ recumbently  adv.   [Latin recumbere ‘recline’ (as RE-, cumbere ‘lie’)]

recuperate /riˈku:pəreit/ v.  1 intr.  recover from illness, exhaustion, loss, etc. (从疾病、疲惫、损失等中)恢复，复原 2 tr.  regain (health, something lost, etc.) 重获，恢复(健康等)，挽回(损失等) □ recuperable  adj.  □ recuperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ recuperative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ recuperator  n.   [Latin recuperare recuperat- ‘recover’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, recover is preferable to recuperate. 用于释义 2 时，使用 recover 比使用 recuperate 更好。 

recur /riˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (recurred, recurring)  1  occur again; be repeated 再发生，复发，重演，重现 2 (of a thought, idea, etc.) come back to one's mind (想法、念头等)再现，重新浮现心头 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  go back in thought or speech 重提，再次想(谈)到 [Latin recurrere recurs- (as RE-, currere ‘run’)]

recurrent /riˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj.  1  recurring; happening repeatedly 一再发生的，反复出现的 2 (of a nerve, vein, branch, etc.) turning back so as to reverse direction (神经、血管、树枝等)返(回)的，回归的 □ recurrence  n.  □ recurrently  adv.  

recurring decimal n.  a decimal fraction in which the same figures are repeated indefinitely 循环小数

recursion /riˈkɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. Math. & Linguistics 【数】【语言学】  1  the application or use of a recursive procedure or definition 递归，递推，循环 2  a recursive definition 递归(递推、循环)定义

recursion formula n. Math.  an expression giving successive terms of a series etc. 【数】递推公式，递归公式

recursive /riˈkɜ:siv/ adj.  1  characterized by recurrence or repetition 反复的，循环的 2  a Math. & Linguistics  relating to or involving the repeated application of a rule, definition, or procedure to successive results 【数】【语言学】递归的，循环(使用)的b Computing  relating to or involving a program or routine, a part of which requires the application of the whole 【计算】递归的，循环的 □ recursively  adv.   [Late Latin recurs-, past part. stem of recurrere RECUR]

recurve /riˈkɜ:v/ v. tr. & intr.  bend backwards (使)反曲，(使)向后弯 □ recurvate  /-vət/ adj.  □ recurvature  n.   [Latin recurvare recurvat- (as RE-, curvare ‘bend’)]

recusant /ˈrekjʊz(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who refuses submission to an authority or compliance with a regulation, esp. hist. one who refused to attend services of the Church of England 不服从权威的人，不服从规定的 ([尤史义]拒绝参加英国国教仪式的)人 ●adj.  of or being a recusant 不服从权威的，不服从规定的 ([尤史义]拒绝参加英国国教仪式的) □ recusance  n.  □ recusancy  n.   [Latin recusare ‘refuse’]

recycle /ri:ˈsaik(ə)l/ v. tr.  return (material) to a previous stage of a cyclic process, esp. convert (waste) to reusable material 使(物)还原，循环使用，(尤指)回收利用(废物) □ recyclable  adj.  □ recycler  n.  

red /red/ adj. & n. ●adj. (redder, reddest)  1  of or near the colour seen at the least-refracted end of the visible spectrum, of shades ranging from that of blood to pink or deep orange 红的，红色的 2  flushed in the face with shame, anger, etc. (由于羞耻、愤怒等)脸红的 3 (of the eyes) bloodshot or red-rimmed with weeping (眼睛)充血的，(哭得)发红的 4 (of the hair) reddish brown, orange, tawny (头发)红褐色的，棕红的，桔红的，黄褐色的 5  involving or having to do with bloodshed, burning, violence, or revolution 流血的，燃烧的，暴力的，革命的 6 colloq.  communist or socialist [口]共产主义的，社会主义的 7 (作 Red) hist.  Russian, Soviet [史义]俄国的，苏联的  the Red Army  苏联红军 8 (of wine) made from dark grapes and coloured by their skins (酒)由紫葡萄酿制成的 ●n.  1  a red colour or pigment 红色，红颜料 2  red clothes or material 红衣，红衣料  dressed in red  穿着红衣服 3 colloq.  a communist or socialist [口]共产党员，共产主义者，社会主义者 4  a  a red ball, piece, etc., in a game or sport (游戏或运动中的)红球、红棋等b  the player using such pieces 红方 5  the debit side of an account 亏欠；赤字  in the red  有赤字 6  a red light (交通信号的)红灯 □ reddish  adj.  □ reddy  adj.  □ redly  adv.  □ redness  n.   [Old English rēad, from Germanic]

redact /riˈdækt/ v. tr.  put into literary form; edit for publication 编纂，编写 □ redactor  n.   [Latin redigere redact- (as RE-, agere ‘bring’)]

redaction /riˈdækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  preparation for publication 编写，编纂 2  revision, editing, rearrangement 修订，校订，编辑，改编 3  a new edition 修订本，新版本 □ redactional  adj.   [French rédaction from Late Latin redactio (as REDACT)]

red admiral n.  a butterfly, Vanessa atalanta, with red bands on each pair of wings 赤蛱蝶，红纹丽蛱蝶(每对翅上有红色条纹)

redan /riˈdæn/ n.  a fieldwork with two faces forming a salient angle 凸角堡 [French from redent ‘notching’ (as RE-, dent ‘tooth’)]

red arsenic n.  = REALGAR 

red-back n. (in full 全称 red-back spider)  a venomous Australian spider of the genus Latrodectus 赤背蜘蛛(澳大利亚毒蜘蛛)

red bark n.  a red kind of cinchona 红金鸡纳树

red biddy n. Brit. colloq.  a mixture of cheap wine and methylated spirits [英口] (搀酒精的)廉价红葡萄酒

red blood cell  see 见 RED CELL 

red-blooded adj.  virile, vigorous 精力充沛的，血气方刚的 □ red-bloodedness  n.  

redbreast /ˈredbrest/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a robin [尤英口]欧鸲，知更鸟，红胸鸟

red-brick attrib. adj. (of a British university) founded in the late 19th or early 20th century (英国大学)建于 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的，红砖大学的

redbud /ˈredbʌd/ n.  any American tree of the genus Cercis, with pale pink flowers 紫荆(产于美洲，花呈淡粉红色)

redcap /ˈredkæp/ n.  1 Brit. slang  a member of the military police [英] [俚语]宪兵 2 N. Amer.  a railway porter [北美]铁路搬运工

red card n. Football  a card shown by the referee to a player being sent off the field 【足球】(裁判出示以罚球员下场的)红牌

red carpet n.  privileged treatment of an eminent visitor (对贵宾的)隆重欢迎(接待)

red cedar n.  an American juniper, Juniperus virginiana 铅笔柏(一种美国圆柏)

red cell n. (also 亦作 red blood cell)  = ERYTHROCYTE 

red cent n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  the (originally copper) coin of the lowest value (原来铜制的)最低面值的硬币， 1 美分 2  a trivial sum 微不足道的一笔钱

redcoat /ˈredkəʊt/ n.  1 hist.  a British soldier (so called from the scarlet uniform of most regiments) [史义]英国兵(因其红色军装得名) 2 (in the UK) a steward at a Butlin's holiday camp (英国)布特林假日营地的服务员

red coral  see 见 CORAL n. 1b 

Red Crescent n.  an organization like the Red Cross in Muslim countries 红新月会(穆斯林国家类似红十字会的组织)

Red Cross n.  1  an international organization (originally medical) bringing relief to victims of war or natural disaster 红十字会 2  the emblem of this organization 红十字

red cross n.  1  St George's cross, the national emblem of England 圣乔治十字(英国国徽) 2  the Christian side in the Crusades 十字军东侵时的基督教徒一方

redcurrant /redˈkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a widely cultivated shrub, Ribes rubrum 红醋栗(一种广泛种植的灌木) 2  a small red edible berry of this plant 红醋栗的小浆果(可食用)

redd1 /red/ v. tr. (past and past part. redd) dial. [方]  1  clear up 整理，清理，收拾 2  arrange, tidy, compose, settle 安排；弄整齐；使镇定；安顿 [Middle English, perhaps from Old English, and related to RID]

redd2 /red/ n.  a hollow in a river bed made by a trout or salmon to spawn in (河床上鳟鱼或鲑鱼的)产卵孔洞，产卵区 [17th c.: origin unknown]

red deer n.  a deer, Cervus elaphus, with a rich red-brown summer coat turning dull brown in winter 马鹿，赤鹿(其毛皮夏季呈红褐色，冬季转为暗褐色)

redden /ˈred(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become red (使)变红 2 intr.  blush 脸红

reddle /ˈred(ə)l/ n.  red ochre; ruddle 红赭石，赭色赤铁矿 [variant of RUDDLE]

red duster n. Brit. Naut. slang [英]【海】[俚语]  = RED ENSIGN 

red dwarf n.  an old relatively cool star 红矮星

rede /ri:d/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  advice, counsel 建议，忠告 ●v. tr.  1  advise 建议，忠告 2  read (a riddle or dream) 解(谜、梦等) [Old English rœˉd from Germanic, related to READ (of which the verb is a Middle English variant retained for archaic senses)]

redecorate /ri:ˈdekəreit/ v. tr.  decorate again or differently 再次(重新)装饰 □ redecoration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

rededicate /ri:ˈdedikeit/ v. tr.  dedicate anew 重新献出 □ rededication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

redeem /riˈdi:m/ v. tr.  1  buy back; recover by expenditure of effort or by a stipulated payment 买回，赎回 2  make a single payment to discharge (a regular charge or obligation) 一次性偿清(索价或债务) 3  convert (tokens or bonds etc.) into goods or cash (将代币、证券等)兑换成货物或现金 4 (of God or Christ) deliver from sin and damnation (上帝或耶稣)将…从罪恶与诅咒中救赎 5  make up for; be a compensating factor in 弥补，补偿，抵消  has one redeeming feature  尚有一样可取之处 6 (foll. by 后跟 from)  save from (a defect) 从(缺陷)中挽救 7 refl.  save (oneself) from blame 使(自己)免咎 8  purchase the freedom of (a person) 出钱赎回(某人)的自由，赎出(某人) 9  save (a person's life) by ransom 赎回(人命) 10  save or rescue or reclaim 挽救，解(营)救，收(要)回 11  fulfil (a promise) 履行(诺言) □ redeemable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French redimer or Latin redimere redempt- (as RE-, emere ‘buy’)]

redeemer /riˈdi:mə/ n.  a person who redeems 赎主；偿还者；履约者；救星 □ the Redeemer   Christ 

redefine /ri:diˈfain/ v. tr.  define again or differently 再次(重新)定义，再次(重新)解释 □ redefinition  /-defiˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  

redemption /riˈdem(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of redeeming; the process of being redeemed 赎回，偿还，履约，拯救 2 Theol.  man's deliverance from sin and damnation 【神】救赎，赎罪 3  a thing that redeems 用以赎买、借以得救等的东西 □ redemptive  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin redemptio (as REDEEM)]

red ensign n.  the ensign of the British merchant navy 英国商船旗

redeploy /ri:diˈplɔi/ v. tr.  send (troops, workers, etc.) to a new place or task 派(队伍、工人等)去新的地方或执行新的任务，重新部署 □ redeployment  n.  

redesign /ri:diˈzain/ v. tr.  design again or differently 再次(重新)设计

redetermine /ri:diˈtɜ:min/ v. tr.  determine again or differently 再次(重新)决定 □ redetermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

redevelop /ri:diˈveləp/ v. tr.  develop anew (esp. an urban area, with new buildings) 重新开发(尤其拥有新建筑群的城区)，重建 □ redeveloper  n.  □ redevelopment  n.  

red-eye n.  1  = RUDD  2 US slang  cheap whisky [美] [俚语]廉价威士忌酒 3  a red reflection from a person's retina, seen in a flash photograph taken with the flashgun too near the camera lens 红眼(指由于闪光灯距离太近而使被摄者眼睛在彩照中呈红色的现象) 4 (in full 全称 red-eye flight) colloq.  an airline flight on which a traveller is unable to get adequate sleep [口]旅行者无法得到充足睡眠的航班

red-faced adj.  embarrassed, ashamed 尴尬的，羞耻(羞愧)的

redfish /ˈredfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any of various reddish fishes 红色鱼 2 Brit.  a male salmon in the spawning season [英]产卵期的雄性鲑鱼(大马哈鱼)

red flag n.  1  the symbol of socialist revolution (象征社会主义革命的)红旗 2  a warning of danger (作为示警信号的)红旗

red fox n.  a common fox, Vulpes vulpes, of Eurasia and N. America, usu. having a reddish or fawn coat 赤狐(产于欧亚大陆和北美，通常用有红色或浅黄褐色毛皮)

red giant n.  a relatively cool giant star 红巨星

red grouse n.  a subspecies of the willow grouse, native to Britain and familiar as a game bird 苏格兰雷鸟(雷鸟的一种，产于英国，作为猎禽而被熟知)

Red Guard n. hist.  a member of a militant youth movement in China (1966 － 76) [史义] (中国文化大革命时期的)红卫兵

red gum n.  1  a facial rash in young children, esp. during teething (尤指儿童出牙期的)一种面部皮疹，丘疹性荨麻疹 2  a  a reddish resin 一种红色树脂b  any of various kinds of eucalyptus yielding this (产红色树脂的)桉树

red-handed adv.  in or just after the act of committing a crime, doing wrong, etc. 正在作案(做坏事)的，刚刚作完案(做完坏事)的  was caught red-handed  被当场抓获

red hat n.  1  a cardinal's hat 红衣主教的(红色)帽子 2  the symbol of a cardinal's office 红衣主教职位的标志

redhead /ˈredhed/ n.  a person with red hair 红头发的人

red-headed adj.  1 (of a person) having red hair (人)长着红头发的 2 (of birds etc.) having a red head (鸟等)红头的

red heat n.  1  the temperature or state of something so hot as to emit red light 赤热，赤热状态 2  great excitement 无比激动的，极度兴奋的

red herring n.  1  dried smoked herring 熏鲱 2  a misleading clue or distraction (so called from the practice of using the scent of red herring in training hounds) 误导人的线索，转移注意力的东西(因有人用熏鲱的气味引开警犬而得名)

red-hot adj.  1  heated until red 热得发红的，赤热的 2  highly exciting 令人高度激动(兴奋)的 3 (of news) fresh; completely new (新闻或消息)最新的，最近的 4  intensely excited 非常激动(兴奋)的 5  enraged 愤怒的，被激怒的，恼怒的

red-hot poker n.  a cultivated kniphofia, esp. Kniphofia uvaria, with the upper flowers in the spike red and the lower ones yellow 剑叶兰

redial /ri:ˈdail/ v. tr. & intr. (redialled, redialling; US [美] redialed, redialing)  dial again 重新拨号，重拨

redid past  of REDO  

rediffusion /ri:diˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n. Brit.  the relaying of broadcast programmes esp. by cable from a central receiver [英] (尤指通过电缆从中央接收器传送过来的广播节目)转播

Red Indian n. esp. Brit. offens.  an American Indian [尤英] [冒犯]美国印第安人

redingote /ˈrediŋɡəʊt/ n.  a woman's long coat with a cutaway front or a contrasting piece on the front (开襟或前襟布片呈对比色的)女式长外套 [French from English riding coat]

redintegrate /reˈdintiɡreit/ v. tr.  1  restore to wholeness or unity 使恢复完整(或统一) 2  renew or re-establish in a united or perfect state (以统一或完善的样子)重建 □ redintegration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ redintegrative  /-ˈɡrətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin redintegrare (as RE-, INTEGRATE)]

redirect /ri:daiˈrekt, -diˈrekt/ v. tr.  direct again, esp. change the address of (a letter) 使改变方向(尤指更改信封上的地址) □ redirection  n.  

rediscover /ri:diˈskʌvə/ v. tr.  discover again 再次(重新)发现 □ rediscovery  n. (pl. -ies)  

redissolve /ri:diˈzɒlv/ v. tr. & intr.  dissolve again (使)再溶解 □ redissolution  /-disəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

redistribute /ri:diˈstribju:t, ri:ˈdis-/ v. tr.  distribute again or differently 再次(重新)分配(或分派、分布等) □ redistribution  /-ˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ redistributive  /-ˈtribjʊtiv/ adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people. 有些人认为上述第二种读音(重音落在第二音节)是不正确的。 

redivide /ri:diˈvaid/ v. tr.  divide again or differently 再次(重新)划分(或分割) □ redivision  /-ˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  

redivivus /rediˈvi:vəs/ adj. (placed after noun) come back to life (置于名词之后)复活的，再生的 [Latin (as RE-, vivus ‘living’)]

red lead n.  a red form of lead oxide used as a pigment (用作颜料的)四氧化三铅，红丹，铅丹

Red Leicester  see 见 LEICESTER 

red-letter day n.  a day that is pleasantly noteworthy or memorable (originally a festival marked in red on the calendar) 值得注意或纪念的喜庆日子(源于日历上用红字标明的节日)

red light n.  1  a red light used as a signal to stop on a road, railway, etc. (公路、铁路等上用作交通停止信号的)红灯 2  a warning or refusal 警告或拒绝

red-light district n.  a district containing many brothels, strip clubs, etc. 红灯区(有许多妓院、脱衣舞夜总会等)

red man n. offens. [冒犯]  = RED INDIAN 

red meat n.  meat that is red when raw (e.g. beef or lamb) (生着的时候呈)红色的肉类(如牛肉或羊肉)

red mullet n.  a mullet of the family Mullidae, esp. Muletus surmuletus of Europe, valued as food 绯鲤，羊鱼

redneck /ˈrednek/ n. N. Amer. offens.  a working-class white in the southern US, esp. a politically conservative one [北美] [冒犯]美国南部劳动阶层的白人(尤指政治观念保守者)

redo /ri:ˈdu:/ v. tr. (3rd sing. present redoes; past redid; past part. redone)  1  do again or differently 再次(重新)做 2  redecorate 再次(重新)装饰(或装修)

redolent /ˈred(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of, with)  strongly reminiscent or suggestive or mentally associated 很能令人回忆(或联想)起的，怀念的 2  fragrant 芬芳的，香的 3  having a strong smell; odorous 气味强烈的，有气味的 □ redolence  n.  □ redolently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French redolent or Latin redolēre (as RE-, olēre ‘smell’)]

red orpiment n.  = REALGAR 

redouble /ri:ˈdʌb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or grow greater or more intense or numerous; intensify, increase (使)变得更大(更强或更多)，加强，(使)增长 2 intr. Bridge  double again a bid already doubled by an opponent 【桥牌】(将对手方已加倍的牌)再加倍 ●n. Bridge  the redoubling of a bid 【桥牌】(将对手方已加倍的牌的)再加倍 [French redoubler (as RE-, DOUBLE)]

redoubt /riˈdaʊt/ n. Mil.  an outwork or fieldwork usu. square or polygonal and without flanking defences 【军】棱堡，多面堡(通常是方形或多边形，并且没有侧翼保护的一种外垒或野战工事) [French redoute via obsolete Italian ridotta and medieval Latin reductus ‘refuge’ from the past part. of Latin reducere ‘withdraw’ (see REDUCE): -b- suggested by DOUBT (cf. REDOUBTABLE)]

redoubtable /riˈdaʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  formidable, esp. as an opponent (尤其形容对手)可怕的，厉害的 □ redoubtably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French redoutable, from redouter ‘to fear’ (as RE-, DOUBT)]

redound /riˈdaʊnd/ v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to) (of an action etc.) make a great contribution to (one's credit or advantage etc.) (行动等)对(某人的信誉、优势等)非常有帮助，有贡献 2 (foll. by 后跟 upon, on)  come as the final result to; come back or recoil upon 结果是…，形成了…结果；返回到… [originally = overflow: Middle English via Old French redonder from Latin redundare ‘surge’ (as RE-, unda ‘wave’)]

redox /ˈri:dɒks, ˈredɒks/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Chem.  oxidation and reduction 【化】氧化还原作用 [reduction + oxidation]

red pepper n.  the ripe fruit of Capsicum annuum 红辣椒(成熟后的红色果实)

redpoll /ˈredpəʊl/ n.  a finch, Acanthis flammea, with a red forehead, similar to a linnet 朱顶雀(头部前面红色，类似红雀)

redraft /ri:ˈdrɑ:ft/ v. tr.  draft (a writing or document) again 再次起草(作品或文件)

red rag n.  something that excites a person's rage (so called because red is supposed to provoke bulls) 激怒人的东西(源自斗牛时激牛发怒的红布)

red rattle n.  a pink-flowered marsh plant, Pedicularis palustris 欧洲马先蒿(开粉红色花的湿地植物)

redraw /ri:ˈdrɔ:/ v. tr. (past redrew; past part. redrawn)  draw again or differently 再次(重新)画(或拟定、提取等)

re-dress /ri:ˈdres/ v. tr. & intr.  dress again or differently (给…) 再次(重新)穿衣，再次(重新)布置、装饰等

redress /riˈdres/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  remedy or rectify (a wrong or grievance etc.) 补救，矫正(错误)，平反(冤情) 2  readjust; set straight again 重新调整(好) ●n.  1  reparation for a wrong (对错误、过失的)弥补、补偿或补救 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the act or process of redressing (a grievance etc.) (对冤屈等的)平反、矫正或纠正等 □ redress the balance   restore equality 恢复平衡□ redressable  adj.  □ redressal  n.  □ redresser  n. (also 亦作 redressor)   [Middle English from Old French redresser, redrecier (as RE-, DRESS): the noun via Anglo-French redresse, redresce]

red roan adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal's coat) bay or chestnut mixed with white or grey (动物毛皮)混杂着灰白的栗色的，红沙栗色的 ●n.  a red roan animal 红沙栗色的动物

red rose n.  the emblem of Lancashire or the Lancastrians 兰开夏郡的(兰开斯特家族的)徽章

red sandalwood n.  the red wood from either of two SE Asian trees, Adenanthera pavonina and Pterocarpus santalinus, used as timber and to produce a red dye 紫檀木(产于东南亚，用作木料或用以生产红色染料)

Red Sea n.  红海

redshank /ˈredʃæŋk/ n.  either of two sandpipers, Tringa totanus and T. erythropus, with bright red legs 红脚鹬

red shift n.  the displacement of the spectrum to longer wavelengths in the light coming from distant galaxies etc. in recession 红移(指来自衰退期的遥远星系等的光谱向长波方向位移)

redskin /ˈredskin/ n. colloq. offens.  an American Indian [口] [冒犯]美国印第安人

red snapper n.  an edible marine fish of the family Lutjanidae, esp. Lutjanus campechinus of the W. Atlantic (尤指西部大西洋的)笛鲷

red spider n. (also 亦作 red spider mite)  = SPIDER MITE 

red squirrel n.  1  the common Eurasian squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, with reddish fur 红松鼠(产于欧亚大陆，毛皮呈红色) 2 US  a small N. American squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus [美]美洲红松鼠(产于北美，体型小)

Red Star n. esp. hist.  the emblem of some Communist countries [尤史义]一些共产主义国家的标志

redstart /ˈredstɑ:t/ n.  1  any red-tailed European songbird of the genus Phoenicurus 红尾鸲(产于欧洲) 2  any of various American warblers of the family Parulidae with orange-red markings 橙尾鸲莺(产于美洲，带有橙红色斑纹) [RED + Old English steort ‘tail’]

red tape n.  excessive bureaucracy or adherence to formalities, esp. in public business (尤指政府机构的)过度官僚，繁文缛节，繁琐手续 [from the red or pink tape used to secure official documents]

red tide n.  a discoloration of the sea caused by an outbreak of toxic red dinoflagellates 红潮(指由于有毒的红色腰鞭毛虫的迅速蔓延导致的海水变污)

reduce /riˈdju:s/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become smaller or less (使)变小，缩小，(使)变少，减少 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  bring by force or necessity (to some undesirable state or action) 迫使(产生某种不好的状态或行为)  reduced them to tears  迫使他们流泪 were reduced to begging  被迫乞求，被迫乞讨 3 tr.  convert to another (esp. simpler) form 使转变为另一种(尤指更简单的)形式  reduced it to a powder  把它化作粉末 4 tr.  convert (a fraction) to the form with the lowest terms 约减(分式)，约分 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  bring or simplify or adapt by classification or analysis 归结，归纳，简化  the dispute may be reduced to three issues  争论可以归纳为三个问题 6 tr.  make lower in status or rank 使降级(降职) 7 tr.  lower the price of 降低…的价格 8 intr.  lessen one's weight or size 减轻(体重)，减肥，变瘦小 9 tr.  weaken 削弱  is in a very reduced state  处于非常虚弱(衰弱)的状态 10 tr.  impoverish 使贫困，使枯竭 11 tr.  subdue; bring back to obedience 征服，使重新顺服 12 Chem. intr. & tr. 【化】  a  combine or cause to combine with hydrogen (使)与氢化合b  undergo or cause to undergo addition of electrons (opp. 反义 OXIDIZE 3) (使)还原 13 tr. Chem.  convert (oxide etc.) to metal 【化】将(氧化物等)转化为金属 14 tr.  a (in surgery) restore (a dislocated etc. part) to its proper position (外科手术中)使(错位等)复位b  remedy (a dislocation etc.) in this way 以复位法治疗(错位等) 15 tr. Photog.  make (a negative or print) less dense 【摄】把(底片或照片)减薄，缩减密度 16 tr. Cookery  boil so as to concentrate (a liquid, sauce, etc.) 【烹饪】煮浓，熬浓(液体、调味汁等) □ reduce to the ranks   demote (an NCO) to the rank of private 将(军士)降级为士兵□ reducer  n.  □ reducible  adj.  □ reducibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English in the sense ‘restore to original or proper position’, from Latin reducere reduct- (as RE-, ducere ‘bring’)]

reduced circumstances n. pl.  poverty after relative prosperity (一段较为富有之后的)贫困处境

reducing agent n. Chem.  a substance that brings about reduction by becoming oxidized and losing electrons 【化】还原剂

reductio ad absurdum /riˌdʌktiəʊ æd æbˈsɜ:dəm/ n.  a method of proving the falsity of a premiss by showing that the logical consequence is absurd; an instance of this 归谬(法)，反论证(法) [Latin, = reduction to the absurd]

reduction /riˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reducing; the process of being reduced (被)减少、削减等 2  an amount by which prices etc. are reduced (价格等的)降低量 3  a reduced copy of a picture etc. (照片等的)缩版 4  an arrangement of an orchestral score for piano etc. (根据管弦乐谱为钢琴等编的)简编曲 □ reductive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reduction or Latin reductio (as REDUCE)]

reductionism /riˈdʌkʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the tendency to or principle of analysing complex things into simple constituents 简化法(将复杂事物分解成其简单组成要素的原则或倾向) 2 often derog.  the doctrine that a system can be fully understood in terms of its isolated parts, or an idea in terms of simple concepts (cf. 参见 HOLISM 1) [常贬]简化论(认为凭借孤立的组成部分就可以对一个系统完全理解，或凭借简单概念就能理解某一观念的学说) □ reductionist  n. & adj.  □ reductionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

redundant /riˈdʌnd(ə)nt/ adj.  1  superfluous; not needed 多余的，过剩的，不需要的 2  that can be omitted without any loss of significance 累赘的 3 Brit. (of a person) no longer needed at work and therefore unemployed [英] (因工作不再需要而)被解雇的 4 Engin. & Computing (of a component) not needed but included in case of failure in another component 【工程】【计算】(组件或元件) (虽然不需要，但为防止别的组件或元件的故障而)重复设置的 □ redundancy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ redundantly  adv.   [Latin redundare redundant- (as REDOUND)]

reduplicate /riˈdju:plikeit/ v. tr.  1  make double 使加倍 2  repeat 重复，复制 3  repeat (a letter or syllable or word) exactly or with a slight change (e.g. hurly-burly, see-saw) 使(字母、音节或单词)重叠构词(例如 hurly-burly, see-saw) □ reduplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reduplicative  /-kətiv/ adj.   [Late Latin reduplicare (as RE-, DUPLICATE)]

red valerian  see 见 VALERIAN 2 

redwater /ˈredwɔ:tə/ n. (in full 全称 redwater fever)  a blood disease of cattle characterized by the passing of red or blackish urine, caused esp. by a tick-borne protozoan parasite of the genus Babesia (家畜的)血尿病

redwing /ˈredwiŋ/ n.  1  a migratory thrush, Turdus iliacus, of N. Europe, with red underwings showing in flight 红翼鸫(产于北欧，飞行时亮出红色翅底) 2  any of several other red-winged birds, esp. the American red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus 其他红翅鸟(尤指美国红翅黑鹂)

redwood /ˈredwʊd/ n.  1  a sequoia, esp. the very tall Sequoia sempervirens, of the western US (尤指美国西部产的)红杉 2  any tree with reddish wood (木质为红色的)树，红树

reebok var.  of RHEBOK  RHEBOK 的变体

re-echo /ri:ˈekəʊ/ v. intr. & tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  echo 发出回声，传回…的回声 2  echo repeatedly; resound (使)反复回响(回荡)

reed /ri:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various water or marsh plants with a firm stem, esp. of the genus Phragmites 生有坚硬茎(杆)的任何水生或湿地植物；(尤指)芦苇b  a tall straight stalk of this 上述植物的茎(杆)，芦苇杆 2 (collect. 集合名词)  reeds growing in a mass or used as material esp. for thatching 丛生芦苇，盖房顶芦苇 3 Brit.  wheat straw prepared for thatching [英] (供盖房顶用的)麦杆 4  a pipe of reed or straw (用芦苇或禾杆制作的)管笛，芦笛 5  a  the vibrating part of the mouthpiece of some wind instruments, e.g. the oboe and clarinet, made of reed or other material and producing the sound 簧舌，簧片b  a reed instrument 簧乐器c (in pl. 用复数)  the section of the orchestra playing such instruments 管弦乐队的簧乐器部 6  a weaver's comblike implement for separating the threads of the warp and correctly positioning the weft 筘，钢筘 7 (in pl. 用复数)  a set of semicylindrical adjacent mouldings like reeds laid together 芦苇形线脚，小凸嵌线 ●v. tr.  1  thatch with reed 用芦苇盖屋顶 2  make (straw) into reed 用(禾杆)制作管笛 3  fit (a musical instrument) with a reed 在(乐器)上装簧片 4  decorate with a moulding of reeds 用芦苇形线脚(小凸嵌线)装饰 [Old English hrēod, from West Germanic]

reed-bed n.  a bed or growth of reeds 芦苇地(丛)

reedbuck /ˈri:dbʌk/ n.  an African antelope of the genus Redunca, characterized by a whistling call and high bouncing jumps, esp. R. arundinum of eastern and southern Africa 小苇羚(产于非洲，叫声如哨音，跳跃很高，尤指产于东部和南部非洲的小羚羊)

reed bunting n.  a small brown bird, Emberiza schoeniclus, of reed-beds and similar habitats 芦鹀

reeded /ˈri:did/ adj. Mus. (of an instrument) having a vibrating reed 【音】(乐器)带簧片的

reeding /ˈri:diŋ/ n. Archit.  a small semicylindrical moulding or ornamentation (cf. 参见 REED n. 7) 【建】芦苇形线脚(装饰)，小凸嵌线(装饰)

re-edit /ri:ˈedit/ v. tr. (-edited, -editing)  edit again or differently 再次(重新)编辑(或校订) □ re-edition  /-iˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reedling /ˈri:dliŋ/ n.  = BEARDED TIT 

reed mace n.  a tall reedlike water plant, Typha latifolia, with straplike leaves and a head of numerous tiny red-brown flowers 香蒲(类似芦苇的水生植物，较高，带状叶，顶部长有许多红褐色小花)

reed-organ n.  a harmonium etc. with the sound produced by metal reeds 簧风琴

reed pipe n.  1  a wind instrument with sound produced by a reed 芦笛 2  an organ pipe with a reed 装有簧片的管乐器

reed-stop n.  a reeded organ stop 簧管音栓

re-educate /ri:ˈedjʊkeit/ v. tr.  educate again, esp. to change a person's views or beliefs (尤指为改变某人观念或信念而)对…进行再教育 □ re-education  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reed warbler n.  any bird of the genus Acrocephalus, esp. A. scirpaceus, frequenting reed-beds 芦苇莺

reedy /ˈri:di/ adj. (reedier, reediest)  1  full of reeds 充满芦苇的，芦苇丛生的 2  like a reed, esp. in weakness or slenderness 芦苇般的(尤其用以形容柔弱或纤细) 3 (of a voice) like a reed instrument in tone; not full (声音)音调像簧管乐器的，尖亮(而不浑厚)的 □ reediness  n.  

reef1 /ri:f/ n.  1  a ridge of rock or coral etc. at or near the surface of the sea 礁，礁石，暗礁 2  a  a lode of ore 矿脉b  the bedrock surrounding this (围绕矿脉的)岩床，基岩 [earlier riff(e), via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German rif, ref, from Old Norse rif RIB]

reef2 /ri:f/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  each of several strips across a sail, for taking it in or rolling it up to reduce the surface area in a high wind 缩帆部(帆的收缩部分) ●v. tr.  1  take in a reef or reefs of (a sail) 缩(帆)，收(帆) 2  shorten (a topmast or a bowsprit) 缩(桅)，收进(艏斜桅) [Middle English riff, refe via Dutch reef, rif from Old Norse rif RIB, in the same sense: cf. REEF1]

reefer /ˈri:fə/ n.  1 slang  a marijuana cigarette [俚语]大麻烟卷 2  = REEFING-JACKET  3  a  a person who reefs 抽大麻烟卷的人b colloq.  a midshipman [口]海军学校学员，海军准尉 [REEF2 (in sense 1, = a thing rolled) + -ER1]

reefing-jacket n.  a thick close-fitting double-breasted jacket 一种双排扣紧身夹克

reef knot n.  a double knot made symmetrically to hold securely and cast off easily (对称系紧且容易解开的)平结

reefpoint /ˈri:fpɔint/ n.  each of several short pieces of rope attached to a sail to secure it when reefed 缩帆索，缩帆带

reek /ri:k/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  smell strongly and unpleasantly 散发出浓烈而难闻的气味 2  have unpleasant or suspicious associations 与(讨厌或可疑的事)有联系，令人联想起(讨厌或可疑的事)，带有(讨厌或可疑的)色彩  this reeks of corruption  这充斥着腐败 3  give off smoke or fumes 散发烟(或烟雾) ●n.  1  a foul or stale smell 腐臭气味 2 esp. Sc.  smoke [尤苏格兰]烟 3  vapour; a visible exhalation (esp. from a chimney) 蒸气；(尤指从烟囱中冒出的)烟气 □ reeky  adj.   [Old English rēocan (v.), rēc (n.), from Germanic]

reel /ri:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylindrical device on which film, tape, etc., or Brit. thread, yarn, wire, etc., are wound (胶片、磁带等的)卷，卷轴；[英] (线、纱线、金属丝等的)卷，卷轴 2  a quantity of thread etc. wound on a reel (绕于卷轴上的)线团等 3  a device for winding and unwinding a line as required, esp. in fishing 卷放线装置(尤指钓鱼杆上的钓丝螺旋轮) 4  a revolving part in various machines (机器上的)卷轴装置 5  a  a lively folk or Scottish dance, of two or more couples facing each other 里尔舞(一种活泼的民间或苏格兰舞蹈，两对或两对以上舞蹈者相对而舞)b  a piece of music for this usu. in duple time 对舞曲(通常为两拍) ●v.  1 tr.  wind (thread, a fishing line, etc.) on a reel 将(线、钓丝等)卷在轴上 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  draw (fish etc.) in or up by the use of a reel 用钓轮(或卷轴装置)钓起(鱼等) 3 intr.  stand or walk or run unsteadily 踉跄地走，摇摇晃晃地站(走或跑) 4 intr.  be shaken mentally or physically 眩晕 5 intr.  rock from side to side, or swing violently 激烈地摇摆 6 intr.  dance a reel 跳里尔舞 □ reel off   say or recite very rapidly and without apparent effort (看上去毫不费力地)一口气说出(报出)□ reeler  n.   [Old English hrēol, of unknown origin]

re-elect /ri:iˈlekt/ v. tr.  elect again, esp. to a further term of office 再选(尤指连任) □ re-election  /-iˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  

re-eligible /ri:ˈelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  eligible for re-election to a further term of office 有资格重新当选的

re-embark /ri:imˈbɑ:k, -em-/ v. intr. & tr.  go or put on board ship again (使)重新上船 □ re-embarkation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

re-emerge /ri:iˈmɜ:dʒ/ v. intr.  emerge again; come back out 重新浮现，重新出现 □ re-emergence  n.  □ re-emergent  adj.  

re-emphasize /ri:ˈemfəsaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  place renewed emphasis on 再度(重新)强调 □ re-emphasis  /-ˈemfəsis/ n.  

re-employ /ri:imˈplɔi, -em-/ v. tr.  employ again 再次雇用 □ re-employment  n.  

re-enact /ri:iˈnækt, -eˈnækt/ v. tr.  act out (a past event) 重演，再现(过去的事) □ re-enactment  n.  

re-enlist /ri:inˈlist, -en-/ v. intr.  enlist again, esp. in the armed services 再次征募(尤指征兵) □ re-enlister  n.  

re-enter /riˈentə/ v. tr. & intr.  enter again; go back in 再次进入，重返 □ re-entrance  /-ˈentr(ə)ns/ n.  

re-entrant /riˈentr(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an angle, esp. in fortification) pointing inwards (opp. 反义 SALIENT adj. 2) (角，尤指堡垒的)凹角的，凹入的 2 Geom.  reflex 【几】优角的 ●n.  a re-entrant angle 凹角

re-entry /riˈentri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act of entering again, esp. (of a spacecraft, missile, etc.) re-entering the earth's atmosphere 再次进入，(尤指航天飞机、导弹等)重返大气层 2 Law  an act of retaking or repossession 【法律】收回

re-equip /ri:iˈkwip/ v. tr. & intr. (-equipped, -equipping)  provide or be provided with new equipment (被)重新配备，(被)重新装备

re-erect /ri:iˈrekt/ v. tr.  erect again 再次竖立，再建立 □ re-erection  /-iˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  

re-establish /ri:iˈstæbliʃ, ri:e-/ v. tr.  establish again or anew 再次(重新)建立(或确立)，再次(重新)安置 □ re-establishment  n.  

re-evaluate /ri:iˈvæljʊeit/ v. tr.  evaluate again or differently 再次(重新)评价(或评估) □ re-evaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reeve1 /ri:v/ n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  the chief magistrate of a town or district (城镇或地区的)地方长官b  an official supervising a landowner's estate 采邑总管c  any of various minor local officials 地方官员 2 Canad.  the president of a village or town council [加] (村、镇议会的)议长 [Old English (ge)rēfa, girœ˜fa]

reeve2 /ri:v/ v. tr. (past rove /rəʊv/ or reeved) Naut. 【海】  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through)  thread (a rope or rod etc.) through a ring or other aperture 将(绳、杆等)穿入(环、孔等) 2  pass a rope through (a block etc.) 将绳索穿过(滑轮等) 3  fasten (a rope or block) in this way 将(绳索或滑轮)如此系(缚)住 [probably from Dutch rēven REEF2]

reeve3 /ri:v/ n.  a female ruff (see 见 RUFF1 4) 雌流苏鹬 [17th c.: origin unknown]

re-examine /ri:iɡˈzæmin, -eɡ-/ v. tr.  examine again or further (esp. a witness after cross-examination) (尤指反复盘问后对证人)进一步审查，再次检查 □ re-examination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

re-export v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ikˈspɔ:t, -ek-/  export again (esp. imported goods after further processing or manufacture) (尤指将进口货物经过进一步加工或制造后)再出口 ●n. /ri:ˈekspɔ:t/  1  the process of re-exporting 再输出，再出口 2  something re-exported 再出口的商品 □ re-exportation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ re-exporter  /ri:ikˈspɔ:tə, -ek-/ n.  

ref /ref/ n. colloq.  a referee in sports [口]体育运动的裁判 [abbreviation]

ref. abbr. [缩略]  1  reference  2  refer to 涉及，提到，指的是

reface /ri:ˈfeis/ v. tr.  put a new facing on (a building) 整修(建筑物)的表面；翻新(建筑物)的门面

refashion /ri:ˈfæʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  fashion again or differently 再次(重新)做，翻新，改造

refection /riˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  refreshment by food or drink 以饮食提神、恢复精力  we took refection  我们吃东西来恢复精力 2  a light meal 小吃，便餐 [Middle English via Old French from Latin refectio -onis, from reficere (as REFECTORY)]

refectory /riˈfekt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a room used for communal meals, esp. in a monastery or college (修道院或学院的)食堂，餐厅 [Late Latin refectorium from Latin reficere ‘refresh’ (as RE-, facere ‘make’)]

refectory table n.  a long narrow table 长餐桌

refer /riˈfɜ:/ v. (referred, referring) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1 tr.  trace or ascribe (to a person or thing as a cause or source) 将…归因于(某人或某物)  referred their success to their popularity  认为是他们的声望导致了他们的成功 2 tr.  consider as belonging (to a certain date or place or class) 认为…属于(某个年代、地点或种类) 3 tr.  send on or direct (a person, or a question for decision) 将(问题)提交给…裁定，叫(某人)求助于…  the matter was referred to arbitration  事情被提交上去仲裁 referred him to her previous answer  叫他去查(参考)她以前的回答 4 intr.  make an appeal or have recourse to (some authority or source of information) 求助于(某权威或信息来源)，参考，引证  referred to his notes  查阅他的笔记 5 tr.  send or direct (a person) to a medical specialist etc. 叫(某人)求诊(或转诊)于(专门医师等) 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 back to)  send (a proposal etc.) back to (a lower body, court, etc.) 将(提议等)发回(下级单位，法庭等) 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) (of a person speaking) make an allusion or direct the hearer's attention (指讲演者)提及，谈到  decided not to refer to our other problems  决定不再提及我们别的问题 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) (of a statement etc.) have a particular relation or be directed to (陈述等)指的是，与…有关  this paragraph refers to the events of last year  这一段说的是去年的那些事 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  interpret (a statement) as being directed to (a particular context etc.) 说明(某陈述)指的是(某特定语境等) 10 tr.  fail (a candidate in an examination) 淘汰(应试者) □ refer to drawer  Brit.  a banker's note suspending payment of a cheque [英]请与出票人接洽□ referable  /riˈfɜ:rəb(ə)l, ˈref(ə)r-/ adj.  □ referrer  n.   [Middle English via Old French referer from Latin referre ‘carry back’ (as RE-, ferre ‘bring’)]

referee /refəˈri:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an umpire esp. in football or boxing (尤指足球或拳击的)裁判员 2  a person whose opinion or judgement is sought in some connection, or who is referred to for a decision in a dispute etc. 审阅人；(争论等的)仲裁人，调停人 3  a person willing to testify to the character of an applicant for employment etc. (愿为求职者作品行证明等的)证明人，介绍人 ●v. (referees, refereed)  1 intr.  act as referee 担任裁判、仲裁人、调停人等 2 tr.  be the referee of (a game etc.) 担任(比赛等)的裁判，仲裁，调停

reference /ˈref(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the referring of a matter for decision or settlement or consideration to some authority 提交，提交仲裁，委托处理 2  the scope given to this authority 委托范围，委托权限 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  a relation or respect or correspondence 关系，依据，关联  success seems to have little reference to merit  成功似乎与贤能无关b  an allusion 提及，论及  made no reference to our problems  没有提及我们的问题c  a direction to a book etc. (or a passage in it) where information may be found (书或其中段落等的)出处说明d  a book or passage so cited 引文出处 4  a  the act of looking up a passage etc. or looking in a book for information (对书或段落等的)参考，查阅b  the act of referring to a person etc. for information 咨询，询问 5  a  a written testimonial supporting an applicant for employment etc. (为求职者等作的)书面证明，介绍信，推荐信b  a person giving this 证明人，介绍人，推荐人 ●v. tr.  provide (a book etc.) with references to authorities 在(书等)上附参考资料 □ with (or in) reference to   regarding; as regards; about 关于…，就…而言□ without reference to   not taking account of 不论…，不考虑…因素□ referential  /-ˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ referentiality  /-renʃiˈæliti/ n.  

reference book n.  a book intended to be consulted for information on individual matters rather than read continuously 参考书，工具书

reference library n.  a library in which the books are for consultation not loan (不供外借的)参考图书馆，参考书阅览室

referendum /refəˈrendəm/ n. (pl. referendums or referenda /-də/)  1  the process of referring a political question to the electorate for a direct decision by general vote (对政治问题的)全民投票表决 2  a vote taken by referendum 公民所投的票 [Latin, gerund or neut. gerundive of referre: see REFER]

referent /ˈref(ə)r(ə)nt/ n.  the idea or thing that a word etc. symbolizes (词语等)所指的对象 [Latin referent-, pres. part. stem of referre: see REFER]

referral /riˈfɜ:r(ə)l/ n.  the referring of an individual to an expert or specialist for advice, esp. the directing of a patient by a GP to a medical specialist 介绍，推荐(这里指将专家介绍给某人以供咨询，尤指普通医师介绍病人转诊于某专门医师)

referred pain n.  pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source 牵涉性疼痛(指不在痛源所在处的一种疼痛)

refill v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈfil/  1  fill again 再装(或注、填)满 2  provide a new filling for (以新填料)重新装(或注、填)满 ●n. /ˈri:fil/  1  a new filling 再填充 2  the material for this 再填充的东西，新填料 □ refillable  /-ˈfiləb(ə)l/ adj.  

refinance /ri:ˈfainæns/ v. tr.  finance again; provide with further capital 再次提供…的经费，为…再次集资

refine /riˈfain/ v.  1 tr.  free from impurities or defects; purify, clarify 提炼；净化 2 tr. & intr.  make or become more polished or elegant or cultured (使)变得更完善、更优雅或更有教养 3 tr. & intr.  make or become more subtle or delicate in thought, feelings, etc. (使) (思想、感觉等)变得更精妙 □ refinable  adj.   [RE- + FINE1 v., influenced by French raffiner]

refined /riˈfaind/ adj.  characterized by polish or elegance or subtlety 完善的，雅致的，精妙的

refinement /riˈfainm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of refining or the process of being refined (被)提炼，净化 2  fineness of feeling or taste (感情或趣味的)高尚，高雅 3  polish or elegance in behaviour or manner (行为举止的)优雅 4  an added development or improvement 进一步的改进、完善  a car with several refinements  经过数次精细改进的汽车 5  a piece of subtle reasoning 精妙的推理 6  a fine distinction 精妙特性，精妙区别 7  a subtle or ingenious example or display 精妙的例证或展示  all the refinements of reasoning  推理的所有精妙之处 [REFINE + -MENT, influenced by French raffinement]

refiner /riˈfainə/ n.  a person or company whose business is to refine crude oil, metal, sugar, etc. (原油、金属、糖等的)提炼者或公司

refinery /riˈfain(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where oil etc. is refined 提炼(石油等)的工厂，精炼厂

refinish /ri:ˈfiniʃ/ v. tr.  apply a new finish to (a surface) 再抛光(表面)，重修(表面)

refit v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /ri:ˈfit/ (refitted, refitting)  make or become fit or serviceable again (esp. of a ship undergoing renewal and repairs) (使) (尤指正在被修复的船只)重新适用，重新装备 ●n. /ˈri:fit/  the act or an instance of refitting; the process of being refitted 重新(被)整修，(被)重新装备 □ refitment  n.  

reflag /ri:ˈflæɡ/ v. tr. (reflagged, reflagging)  change the national registration of (a ship) 更改(船只的)国籍注册

reflate /ri:ˈfleit/ v. tr.  cause reflation of (a currency or economy etc.) 使(通货或经济等)再次膨胀 [RE-, on the pattern of inflate, deflate]

reflation /ri:ˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the inflation of a financial system to restore its previous condition after deflation (通货紧缩后为使金融系统恢复到原来状态而对其实行的)通货再膨胀 □ reflationary  adj.   [RE-, on the pattern of inflation, deflation]

reflect /riˈflekt/ v.  1 tr.  a (of a surface or body) throw back (heat, light, sound, etc.) (物体或物体表面)对(热、光、声音等)进行反射b  cause to rebound 使回弹，反射  reflected light  反射光 2 tr. (of a mirror) show an image of; reproduce to the eye or mind (镜子)映出，照出；(在眼前或脑海)映现出 3 tr.  correspond in appearance or effect to; have as a cause or source 反映，表明  their behaviour reflects a wish to succeed  他们的行为表明了一种成功的愿望 4 tr.  a (of an action, result, etc.) show or bring (credit, discredit, etc.) (行动、结果等)显示或带来(荣誉、耻辱等)b (absol. [含宾]; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  bring discredit on 给…带来耻辱 5  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  meditate on; think about. 深思；思考b tr. (foll. by 后跟 that, how, etc. + clause)  consider; remind oneself 考虑，提醒自己…，想起 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon, on)  make disparaging remarks 责难，毁谤，中伤 [Middle English from Old French reflecter or Latin reflectere (as RE-, flectere flex- ‘bend’)]

reflectance /riˈflekt(ə)ns/ n. Physics  a measure of the proportion of light or other radiation falling on a surface and then being reflected or scattered 【物理学】反射比，反射系数

reflecting telescope n.  = REFLECTOR 2a 

reflection /riˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 reflexion)  1  the act or an instance of reflecting; the process of being reflected (被)反射 2  a  reflected light, heat, or colour 被反射的光、热或颜色b  a reflected image 映像，倒影 3  reconsideration 再次考虑，反省  on reflection  经过再次考虑 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  discredit or a thing bringing discredit 耻辱，有损名誉的事 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  an idea arising in the mind; a comment or apophthegm (闪现在头脑中的)想法，意见或格言 □ angle of reflection  Physics  the angle made by a reflected ray with a perpendicular to the reflecting surface 【物理学】反射角 [Middle English from Old French reflexion or Late Latin reflexio (as REFLECT), with assimilation to reflect]

reflective /riˈflektiv/ adj.  1 (of a surface etc.) giving a reflection or image (表面等)产生反射的，反照的 2 (of mental faculties) concerned in reflection or thought (头脑)沉思的，思考的 3 (of a person or mood etc.) thoughtful; given to meditation (人或情绪状态等)深思的，冥想的 □ reflectively  adv.  □ reflectiveness  n.  

reflectivity /ri:flekˈtiviti/ n. Physics  the property of reflecting light or radiation, esp. reflectance as measured independently of the thickness of a material 【物理学】反射性(尤指反射系数)

reflector /riˈflektə/ n.  1  a piece of glass or metal etc. for reflecting light in a required direction, e.g. a red one on the back of a motor vehicle or bicycle 反射器，反射物，反射镜(如汽车或自行车尾部的反光罩) 2  a  a telescope etc. using a mirror to produce images 反射式的望远镜等b  the mirror itself 镜子

reflet /rəˈflei/ n.  lustre or iridescence, esp. on pottery (尤指陶器的)光泽，色泽 [French from Italian riflesso ‘reflection, REFLEX’]

reflex /ˈri:fleks/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an action) independent of the will, as an automatic response to the stimulation of a nerve (e.g. a sneeze) (动作)反射的，(对刺激)本能反应的(如打喷嚏) 2 (of an angle) exceeding 180° (角)大于 180 度的，优角的 3  bent backwards 向后弯曲的，反折的 4 (of light) reflected (光)被反射的 5 (of a thought etc.) introspective; directed back upon itself or its own operations (思想等)内省的，反省的 6 (of an effect or influence) reactive; coming back upon its author or source (作用或影响)逆转的，起反作用的 ●n.  1  a reflex action 本能反映；反射(作用) 2  a sign or secondary manifestation 反映，体现  law is a reflex of public opinion  法律体现了公众意见 3  reflected light or a reflected image 反射光，映像，倒影 4  a word formed by development from an earlier stage of a language 从早期语言阶段演化而来的词 □ reflexly  adv.   [Latin reflexus (as REFLECT)]

reflex arc n. Anat.  the sequence of nerves involved in a reflex action 【解】反射弧

reflex camera n.  a camera with a ground-glass focusing screen on which the image is formed by a combination of lens and mirror, enabling the scene to be correctly composed and focused 反射式照相机

reflexible /riˈfleksib(ə)l/ adj.  capable of being reflected 可反射的，反射性的 □ reflexibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

reflexion Brit. var.  of REFLECTION [英] REFLECTION 的变体

reflexive /riˈfleksiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj.  1 (of a word or form) referring back to the subject of a sentence (esp. of a pronoun, e.g. myself) (单词或构成)反指句子主语的，反身的(尤指代词，如 myself (我自己，我本人)) 2 (of a verb) having a reflexive pronoun as its object (as in to wash oneself) (动词)以反身代词作宾语的(如 to wash oneself (给自己洗一下)) ●n.  a reflexive word or form, esp. a pronoun 反身词(尤指反身代词) □ reflexively  adv.  □ reflexiveness  n.  □ reflexivity  /-ˈsiviti/ n.  

reflexology /ri:flekˈsɒlədʒi/ n.  1  a system of massage through reflex points on the feet, hands, and head, used to relieve tension and treat illness (为松弛神经或治病而对脚、手、头部反射穴位的)系统按摩，反射疗法 2 Psychol.  the scientific study of reflexes 【心】反射学 □ reflexologist  n.  

refloat /ri:ˈfləʊt/ v. tr.  set (a stranded ship) afloat again 使(搁浅的船只)再次浮起

refluent /ˈreflʊənt/ adj.  flowing back 回流的，逆流的，倒流的  refluent tide  退潮 □ refluence  n.   [Middle English from Latin refluere (as RE-, fluere ‘flow’)]

reflux /ˈri:flʌks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a backward flow 回流，逆流，倒流，退潮 2 Chem.  a method of boiling a liquid so that any vapour is liquefied and returned to the boiler 【化】回流加热法，分馏法 ●v. tr. & intr. Chem.  boil or be boiled under reflux 【化】回流加热，分馏

refocus /ri:ˈfəʊkəs/ v. tr. (refocused, refocusing or refocussed, refocussing)  focus again or adjust the focus of 再聚焦，重调焦距

reforest /ri:ˈfɒrist/ v. tr.  = REAFFOREST  □ reforestation  /-ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reforge /ri:ˈfɔ:dʒ/ v. tr.  forge again or differently 重新煅造；再锤炼

re-form /ri:ˈfɔ:m/ v. tr. & intr.  form again 再次(重新)形成、组成、塑造等

reform /riˈfɔ:m/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become better by the removal of faults and errors 改良，改革，改造 2 tr.  abolish or cure (an abuse or malpractice) 废除，革除(弊病、陋习) 3 tr. US  correct (a legal document) [美]修订(法律文件) 4 tr. Chem.  convert (a straight-chain hydrocarbon) by catalytic reaction to a branched molecular form for use as petrol 【化】(通过将石油裂化而)重整(油、气) ●n.  1  the removal of faults or abuses, esp. of a moral or political or social kind (尤指道德、政治、或社会的)改良，改革，改造 2  an improvement made or suggested 改进，改善 □ reformable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reformer or Latin reformare (as RE-, FORM)]

reformat /ri:ˈfɔ:mæt/ v. tr. (reformatted, reformatting)  revise or represent in another format; format again 修改…的格式，以另外一种格式表示；使重新格式化

re-formation /ri:fɔ:ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process or an instance of forming or being formed again 再次(重新)形成、组成、塑造等

reformation /refəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of reforming or process of being reformed, esp. a radical change for the better in political or religious or social affairs (尤指政治、宗教或社会事物激进的)改革，革新 □ the Reformation  hist.  a 16th-c. movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches [史义]宗教改革 (16 世纪欧洲改革天主教会的运动，结果产生了新教)□ Reformational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reformation or Latin reformatio (as REFORM)]

reformative /riˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj.  tending or intended to produce reform 旨在改革的，革新的 [Old French reformatif -ive or medieval Latin reformativus (as REFORM)]

reformatory /riˈfɔ:mət(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer. & hist. [北美史义]  = REFORM SCHOOL  ●adj.  reformative 革新的

Reformed Church n.  a Church that has accepted the principles of the Reformation, esp. a Calvinist Church (as distinct from Lutheran) (基督教)新教(尤指有别于路德派的加尔文教派)

reformer /riˈfɔ:mə/ n.  a person who advocates or brings about (esp. political or social) reform (尤指政治或社会的)改革者

reformism /riˈfɔ:miz(ə)m/ n.  a policy of reform rather than abolition or revolution 改良主义 □ reformist  n.  

Reform Judaism n.  a simplified and rationalized form of Judaism 犹太教改革派

reform school n.  an institution to which young offenders are sent to be reformed 少年犯管教所，工读学校，教养院

reformulate /ri:ˈfɔ:mjʊleit/ v. tr.  formulate again or differently 再次(重新)用公式表示，再(重新)阐述 □ reformulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

refract /riˈfrækt/ v. tr.  1 (of water, air, glass, etc.) deflect (a ray of light etc.) at a certain angle when it enters obliquely from another medium (水、空气、玻璃等)使(光线等)产生折射 2  determine the refractive condition of (the eye) 测定(眼睛)的屈光度 [Latin refringere refract- (as RE-, frangere ‘break’)]

refraction /riˈfrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process by which or the extent to which light is refracted 折射(程度) □ angle of refraction   the angle made by a refracted ray with the perpendicular to the refracting surface 折射角 [French réfraction or Late Latin refractio (as REFRACT)]

refractive /riˈfræktiv/ adj.  of or involving refraction 折射的，有折射力的，与折射有关的

refractive index n.  the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium 折射率(光线在真空中传播速度与在某特定媒介中传播速度的比率)

refractometer /ri:frækˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring a refractive index 折射计(折射率测量仪) □ refractometric  /-təˈmetrik/ adj.  □ refractometry  n.  

refractor /riˈfræktə/ n.  1  a refracting medium or lens 折射物，折射媒介，折射透镜 2  a telescope using a lens to produce an image 折射望远镜

refractory /riˈfrækt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  stubborn, unmanageable, rebellious 固执的，难驾驭的，逆反的 2  a (of a wound, disease, etc.) not yielding to treatment (伤病等)难治的b (of a person etc.) resistant to infection (人等)抗感染的，不易感染的 3 (of a substance) hard to fuse or work (物质)难熔的，耐火的，耐高温的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a substance especially resistant to heat, corrosion, etc. 耐火材料，抗腐蚀材料 □ refractorily  adv.  □ refractoriness  n.   [alteration of obsolete refractary from Latin refractarius (as REFRACT)]

refrain1 /riˈfrein/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  avoid doing (an action); forbear, desist 避免(作某事)，忍住，克制，中止  refrain from smoking  克制住不去吸烟 □ refrainment  n.   [Middle English via Old French refrener from Latin refrenare (as RE-, frenum ‘bridle’)]

refrain2 /riˈfrein/ n.  1  a recurring phrase or number of lines, esp. at the ends of stanzas (尤指诗节末尾的)叠句 2  the music accompanying this 叠句(叠歌)的伴奏音乐 [Middle English from Old French refrain (earlier refrait), ultimately from Latin refringere (as RE-, frangere ‘break’), because the refrain ‘broke’ the sequence]

refrangible /riˈfræn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj.  that can be refracted 可以被折射的，可折射的 □ refrangibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [modern Latin refrangibilis from refrangere = Latin refringere: see REFRACT]

refreeze /ri:ˈfri:z/ v. tr. & intr. (past refroze; past part. refrozen)  freeze again (使)再次冻结

refresh /riˈfreʃ/ v. tr.  1  a (of food, rest, amusement, etc.) give fresh spirit or vigour to (食物、休息、娱乐等)使振作精神，使恢复精力b (esp. 尤作 refl.)  revive with food, rest, etc. (以食物、休息等)使复苏  refreshed myself with a short sleep  小睡一觉使我自己恢复精力 2  revive or stimulate (the memory), esp. by consulting the source of one's information (尤指通过参照信息来源)刺激(记忆)；使(记忆)恢复 3  make cool 使凉爽 [Middle English from Old French refreschi(e)r, from fres fresche FRESH]

refresher /riˈfreʃə/ n.  1  something that refreshes, esp. a drink 提神物(尤指饮料) 2 Brit. Law  an extra fee payable to counsel in a prolonged case [英]【法律】(案件延长时付给律师的)额外费用

refresher course n.  a course reviewing or updating previous studies 复习进修课程

refreshing /riˈfreʃiŋ/ adj.  1  serving to refresh 提神的 2  welcome or stimulating because sincere or untypical (因真实或浅显反而)使人耳目一新的，招人喜欢的，宜人的  refreshing innocence  令人喜欢的单纯 □ refreshingly  adv.  

refreshment /riˈfreʃm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act of refreshing or the process of being refreshed in mind or body (精神或身体活力的)恢复 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  food or drink that refreshes 食品；饮料 3  something that refreshes or stimulates the mind 使人耳目一新的东西 [Middle English from Old French refreschement (as REFRESH)]

refrigerant /riˈfridʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a substance used for refrigeration 制冷剂，冷冻剂 2 Med.  a substance that cools or allays fever 【医】清凉剂，退热药 ●adj.  cooling  [French réfrigérant or Latin refrigerant- (as REFRIGERATE)]

refrigerate /riˈfridʒəreit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become cool or cold (使)冷却，(使)凉爽 2 tr.  subject (food etc.) to cold in order to freeze or preserve it 冷冻，冷藏(食品等) □ refrigeration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ refrigerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin refrigerare (as RE-, frigus frigoris ‘cold’)]

refrigerator /riˈfridʒəreitə/ n.  a cabinet or room in which food etc. is kept cold 冰箱，冰柜；冷藏室(库)

refrigeratory /riˈfridʒ(ə)rət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving to cool 制冷的，冷却的 ●n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a cold-water vessel attached to a still for condensing vapour [史义]蒸馏装置的冷凝器 [modern Latin refrigeratorium (n.), Latin refrigeratorius (adj.) (as REFRIGERATE)]

refringent /riˈfrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj. Physics  refracting 【物理学】折射的，有折射力的 □ refringence  n.  □ refringency  n.   [Latin refringere: see REFRACT]

refroze past  of REFREEZE  

refrozen past part.  of REFREEZE  

reft past and past part.  of REAVE 

refuel /ri:ˈfjʊəl, -ˈfju:əl/ v. (refuelled, refuelling; US [美] refueled, refueling)  1 intr.  replenish a fuel supply 补充燃料 2 tr.  supply with more fuel 给…添加燃料

refuge /ˈrefju:dʒ/ n.  1  a shelter from pursuit or danger or trouble 躲避，避难，庇护 2  a person or place etc. offering this 提供避难的人；避难所，收容所 3  a person, thing, or course resorted to in difficulties (危难中求助的)人、物或办法 4  a traffic island (街道上的)安全岛 [Middle English via Old French from Latin refugium (as RE-, fugere ‘flee’)]

refugee /refjʊˈdʒi:/ n.  a person taking refuge, esp. in a foreign country from war or persecution or natural disaster (尤指由于战争、迫害或天灾而来自邻国的)流亡者，难民 [French réfugié, past part. of (se) réfugier (as REFUGE)]

refugium /riˈfju:dʒiəm/ n. (pl. refugia /-dʒiə/) Biol.  an area in which a population of organisms can survive through a period of unfavourable conditions, esp. glaciation 【生】残遗物种保护区，冰期物种遗留区 [Latin, = place of refuge]

refulgent /riˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj. literary  shining; gloriously bright [文学用语]光辉的，辉煌灿烂的 □ refulgence  n.  □ refulgently  adv.   [Latin refulgēre (as RE-, fulgēre ‘shine’)]

re-fund /ri:ˈfʌnd/ v. tr.  fund (a debt etc.) again 再次为…提供资金，(通过集资)偿还(债务等)

refund v. & n. ●v. /riˈfʌnd/ tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  pay back (money or expenses) 归还，偿还(钱或费用) 2  reimburse (a person) 还给，偿还给(某人) ●n. /ˈri:fʌnd/  1  an act of refunding 归还，偿还 2  a sum refunded; a repayment 退款，偿还金额 □ refundable  /riˈfʌndəb(ə)l/ adj.   [originally = pour back: Middle English from Old French refonder or Latin refundere (as RE-, fundere ‘pour’), later associated with FUND]

refurbish /ri:ˈfɜ:biʃ/ v. tr.  1  brighten up 使光亮，再磨光 2  restore and redecorate 修复，重新装饰，刷新 □ refurbishment  n.  

refurnish /ri:ˈfɜ:niʃ/ v. tr.  furnish again or differently 再次(重新)提供、供应、装备、或布置等

refusal /riˈfju:z(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of refusing; the state of being refused (被)拒绝，(被)回绝 2 (in full 全称 first refusal)  the right or privilege of deciding to take or leave a thing before it is offered to others 优先取舍权，优先购买权

re-fuse /ri:ˈfju:z/ v. tr.  fuse again; provide with a new fuse 再熔合，再熔化；更换…的保险丝

refuse1 /riˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1  withhold acceptance of or consent to 拒绝，拒绝接受(执行)，不答应  refuse an offer  拒绝接受提议 refuse orders  拒绝执行命令 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.; also absol. [亦含宾])  indicate unwillingness 表示不情愿，不肯  I refuse to go  我不愿意走 the car refuses to start  汽车怎么也发动不起来 I refuse!  我不愿意！ 3 (often with double object) not grant (a request) made by (a person) (常后跟双宾语)不同意(某人)的(要求)，拒绝给予  refused me a day off  不答应给我一天休假 I could not refuse them  我无法拒绝他们 4 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a horse) be unwilling to jump (a fence etc.) (马)不愿跳跃(栅栏等) □ refuser  n.   [Middle English from Old French refuser, probably ultimately from Latin recusare (see RECUSANT), influenced by refutare REFUTE]

refuse2 /ˈrefju:s/ n.  items rejected as worthless; waste 废品，废料，垃圾 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French refusé, past part. of refuser (as REFUSE1)]

refusenik /riˈfju:znik/ n.  1 hist.  a Jew in the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate to Israel [史义]被拒绝移居以色列的前苏联犹太人 2  a person who refuses to follow orders or obey the law, esp. as a protest (尤指作为抗议而)拒绝执行命令或遵守法律的人 [REFUSE1 + -NIK]

refute /riˈfju:t/ v. tr.  1  prove the falsity or error of (a statement etc. or the person advancing it) 驳斥，驳倒(某种言论或持某种言论者等) 2  rebut or repel by argument 辩驳，反驳 3 disp.  deny or contradict (without argument) [异议] (没有理由地)否认，抵触 □ refutable  adj.  □ refutal  n.  □ refutation  /refjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ refuter  n.   [Latin refutare (as RE-: cf. CONFUTE)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of refute in sense 3 is considered incorrect by some people. It is often confused in this sense with repudiate. 有些人认为 refute 的释义 3 不正确，这个释义常与 repudiate 混淆。 

Reg /redʒ/   雷吉 [人名]

reg /redʒ/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = REGISTRATION MARK  [abbreviation]

regain /riˈɡein/ v. tr.  obtain possession or use of after loss 重获，取回；恢复  regain consciousness  恢复知觉 [French regagner (as RE-, GAIN)]

regal /ˈri:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  1  royal; of or by a monarch or monarchs 王室的，帝王的，君主的 2  fit for a monarch; magnificent 适合君主身份的；宏伟的，华贵的 □ regally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French regal or Latin regalis, from rex regis ‘king’]

regale /riˈɡeil/ v. tr.  1  entertain lavishly with feasting 盛宴款待 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  entertain or divert with (talk etc.) 以(谈话等)使人高兴 3 (of beauty, flowers, etc.) give delight to (美好的东西、花等)使欣喜，令快乐 □ regalement  n.   [French régaler (as RE-, Old French gale ‘pleasure’)]

regalia /riˈɡeiliə/ n. pl.  1  the insignia of royalty used at coronations (加冕礼上使用的)象征王权的徽章(标志) 2  the insignia of an order or of civic dignity 官阶或公民身份的标志 [medieval Latin, = royal privileges, from Latin, neut. pl. of regalis REGAL]■Usage 用法说明 Note that regalia is a plural noun with no singular form in English. 注意 regalia 是复数名词，它在英语中没有单数形式。 

regalism /ˈri:ɡ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine of a sovereign's ecclesiastical supremacy 王权至上主义(指王权控制教会的主张)

regality /riˈɡæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being a king or queen (国王或女王的)王位，君主身份 2  an attribute of sovereign power 王国 3  a royal privilege 王室特权，王权 [Middle English from Old French regalité or medieval Latin regalitas (as REGAL)]

regard /riˈɡɑ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  give heed to; take into account; let one's course be affected by 注意，重视，考虑到 2  look upon or contemplate mentally in a specified way 看待，认为  I regard them kindly  我认为他们和善 I regard it as an insult  我觉得这是侮辱 3  gaze on steadily (usu. in a specified way) (通常指以特定方式)凝视，注视  regarded them suspiciously  猜疑地打量他们 4 (of a thing) have relation to; have some connection with (事物)与…有关，涉及 ●n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to, for)  attention or care 注意，关心 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  esteem; kindly feeling; respectful opinion 尊敬，敬意；善意，好意；尊重，器重 3  a gaze; a steady or significant look 凝视，注视，意味深长地看 4  a respect; a point attended to 关系，方面  in this regard  关于这一点，在此方面 5 (in pl. 用复数)  an expression of friendliness in a letter etc.; compliments (书信等中的)致意，问候  sent my best regards  致以最诚挚的问候 □ as regards   about, concerning; in respect of 关于，至于，就…而言，在…方面□ in (or with) regard to   as concerns; in respect of 关于，至于，就…而言，在…方面 [Middle English from Old French regard, from regarder (as RE-, garder GUARD)]

regardant /riˈɡɑ:d(ə)nt/ adj. Heraldry  looking backwards 【纹章学】回首后顾的，朝后看的 [Anglo-French & Old French (as REGARD)]

regardful /riˈɡɑ:dfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  mindful of; paying attention to 留心的，注意的，关注的

regarding /riˈɡɑ:diŋ/ prep.  about, concerning; in respect of 关于，至于，就…而言，在…方面

regardless /riˈɡɑ:dlis/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (foll. by 后跟 of)  without regard or consideration for 不顾，不管，不计，不惜  regardless of the expense  不惜任何代价(或价钱) ●adv.  without paying attention 毫不顾及地，不管怎样  carried on regardless  不顾一切地继续下去 □ regardlessly  adv.  □ regardlessness  n.  

regather /ri:ˈɡæðə/ v. tr. & intr.  1  gather or collect again (使)再聚集，再收集 2  meet again 再会面，再会见

regatta /riˈɡætə/ n.  a sporting event consisting of a series of boat or yacht races 赛船大会 [Italian (Venetian), = a fight, a contest]

regd. abbr. [缩略]  registered 

regelate /ri:dʒiˈleit/ v. intr.  freeze again (esp. of pieces of ice etc. frozen together after temporary thawing of the surfaces) 再冻结，重凝(尤指冰块等表面暂时解冻后再次冻结) □ regelation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [RE- + Latin gelare ‘freeze’]

regency /ˈri:dʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the office of regent 摄政职位，摄政权 2  a commission acting as regent 摄政团体 3  a  the period of office of a regent or regency commission 摄政期b (作 Regency)  a particular period of a regency, esp. (in Britain) from 1811 to 1820, and (in France) from 1715 to 1723 (often 常作 attrib.: Regency costume 摄政时期的服装) 某特定的摄政统治期(尤指英国 1811 至 1820 年间，法国在 1715 至 1723 年间的摄政统治) [Middle English from medieval Latin regentia (as REGENT)]

regenerate v. & adj. ●v. /riˈdʒenəreit/  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come into renewed existence; generate again (使)恢复；(使)重新产生 2 tr.  improve the moral condition of 提高…的道德水准，使…获得新生 3 tr.  impart new and more vigorous life to (a person or institution etc.) 给(人或机构等)注入活力(或新生力量) 4 intr.  reform oneself 自我改造，悔悟 5 tr.  invest with a new and higher spiritual nature 使在精神上获得新生(或升华) 6 intr. & tr. Biol.  regrow or cause (new tissue) to regrow to replace lost or injured tissue 【生】(使)重新长出(用以取代受损组织的新组织) 7 tr. & intr. Chem.  restore or be restored to an initial state of reaction or process 【化】(被)还原，(使)再生 ●adj. /riˈdʒen(ə)rət/  1  spiritually born again (精神上)重生的，新生的 2  reformed 经过革新的 □ regeneration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ regenerative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ regeneratively  /-rətivli/ adv.  □ regenerator  n.   [Latin regenerare (as RE-, GENERATE)]

regent /ˈri:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated (被指定代替年幼、空缺或无能力的君主来管理国家的)摄政者，摄政王 2 US  a member of the governing body of a state university [美]州立大学管理机构成员 ●adj. (placed after noun) acting as regent (置于名词后)摄政的  Prince Regent  摄政王 [Middle English from Old French regent or Latin regere ‘rule’]

regent-bird n.  an Australian bower bird, Sericulus chrysocephalus (产于澳大利亚的)紫背别墅鸟

regerminate /ri:ˈdʒɜ:mineit/ v. tr. & intr.  germinate again 再次发芽 □ regermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reggae /ˈreɡei/ n.  a W. Indian style of music with a strongly accented subsidiary beat 雷盖(有很强辅助节拍的西印度群岛音乐) [West Indian]

regicide /ˈredʒisaid/ n.  1  a person who kills or takes part in killing a king (参与)弑君的人，弑君者 2  the act of killing a king 弑君 □ regicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin rex regis ‘king’ + -CIDE]

regild /ri:ˈɡild/ v. tr.  gild again, esp. to renew faded or worn gilding 给…再次镀金(尤指对退色的或磨损的镀金进行复原)

regime /reiˈʒi:m/ n. (also 亦作 régime)  1  a  a method or system of government 政治体制，政体b derog.  a particular government [贬] (特定)政府，统治 2  a prevailing order or system of things 体制，体系 3  the conditions under which a scientific or industrial process occurs (科学或工业)体制，制度 4  a (medical) regimen 摄生法，养生法 [French régime (as REGIMEN)]

regimen /ˈredʒimən/ n.  1 esp. Med.  a prescribed course of exercise, way of life, and diet (尤)【医】(对日常锻炼、生活方式、饮食的)系统安排，疗程 2 archaic  a system of government [古义]政治体制 [Latin from regere ‘rule’]

regiment n. & v. ●n. /ˈredʒim(ə)nt/  1  a  a permanent unit of an army usu. commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies or troops or batteries and often into two battalions (军队的)团b  an operational unit of artillery etc. (炮兵等的)作战单位 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a large array or number 一大批，一大群，大量 3 archaic  rule, government [古义]统治，管辖 ●v. tr. /ˈredʒiment/  1  organize (esp. oppressively) in groups or according to a system (尤指强行)对…实行编制 2  form into a regiment or regiments 将…编成团 □ regimentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English (in sense 3) via Old French from Late Latin regimentum (as REGIMEN)]

regimental /redʒiˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a regiment 团的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  military uniform, esp. of a particular regiment (尤指某特定团的)制服，军装 □ regimentally  adv.  

regimental colour n.  = QUEEN'S COLOUR 

regimental sergeant major  see 见 SERGEANT MAJOR 1 

Regina /riˈdʒainə/ n.  the reigning queen (following a name or in the titles of lawsuits, e.g. Regina v. Jones the Crown versus Jones) 女王(置于名字后或用于诉讼案名称中，如，女王诉琼斯案) [Latin, = queen]

Reginald /ˈredʒinəld/   雷金纳德 [人名]

region /ˈri:dʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  an area of land, or division of the earth's surface, having definable boundaries or characteristics 地区，地带，区域  a mountainous region  山区 the region between London and the coast  伦敦和海岸之间的地区 2  an administrative district esp. in Scotland (尤指苏格兰的)行政区 3  a part of the body round or near some organ etc. (身体的)区，部，部位  the lumbar region  腰部 4  a sphere or realm 范围，领域，界  the region of metaphysics  形而上学范畴 5  a  a separate part of the world or universe (世界或宇宙中单独的)一部分b  a layer of the atmosphere or the sea according to its height or depth (大气、海水等的)层 □ in the region of   approximately 在…左右，接近□ regional  adj.  □ regionalism  n.  □ regionalist  n. & adj.  □ regionalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ regionally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin regio -onis ‘direction, district’, from regere ‘direct’]

regisseur /reiʒiˈsɜ:/ n.  the director of a theatrical production, esp. a ballet (尤指芭蕾舞的)舞台监督，导演 [French régisseur ‘stage manager’]

register /ˈredʒistə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official list e.g. of births, marriages, and deaths, of shipping, of professionally qualified persons, or of qualified voters in a constituency (出生、婚姻、死亡、船运、专业人员、合格选民等的)正式名单，登记表，记录 2  a book in which items are recorded for reference 登记簿，记录本 3  a device recording speed, force, etc. (记录速度、力度等的)记录器 4 (in electronic devices) a location in a store of data, used for a specific purpose and with quick access time (电子装置的)寄存器 5  a  the compass of a voice or instrument (声音与乐器的)声域，音域，音区b  a part of this compass 音域的一部分  lower register  低音域 6  an adjustable plate for widening or narrowing an opening and regulating a draught, esp. in a fire-grate (尤指火炉的)调风器，节气门 7  a  a set of organ pipes 一组音管b  a sliding device controlling this 音栓 8  = CASH REGISTER  9 Linguistics  each of several forms of a language (colloquial, formal, literary, etc.) usually used in particular circumstances 【语言学】语域，使用域(如口语体、正式体、书面体等) 10 Printing  the exact correspondence of the position of printed matter on the two sides of a leaf 【印刷】套准(一张纸两面印刷内容的位置完全一致) 11 Printing & Photog.  the correspondence of the position of colour-components in a printed positive 【印刷】【摄】(彩色版或照相正片上)各种颜色的准确套合 ●v.  1 tr.  set down (a name, fact, etc.) formally; record in writing 将(姓名、事实等)正式记录，书面记录，登记 2 tr.  make a mental note of; notice (在头脑中)记下，记住；注意到 3 tr.  enter or cause to be entered in a particular register (使)登入，(使)录入 4 tr.  entrust (a letter etc.) to a post office for transmission by registered post 挂号邮寄(信件等) 5 intr. & refl.  put one's name on a register, esp. as an eligible voter or as a guest in a register kept by a hotel etc. (尤指作为合格选民或宾馆客人)登记姓名 6 tr. (of an instrument) record automatically; indicate (仪器)自动记录；显示，指示 7  a tr.  express (an emotion) facially or by gesture (通过面部或手势)表示或表达(感情)  registered surprise  表示惊讶b intr. (of an emotion) show in a person's face or gestures (感情)流露(于脸上或手势中) 8 intr.  make an impression on a person's mind 给人留下印象  did not register at all  没有留下一点印象 9 intr. & tr. Printing  correspond or cause to correspond exactly in position 【印刷】(使)对齐，套准 □ registrable  adj.   [Middle English & Old French regestre, registre or medieval Latin regestrum, registrum, alteration of regestum, from Late Latin regesta ‘things recorded’ (as RE-, Latin gerere gest- ‘carry’)]

registered nurse n.  a nurse with a State certificate of competence 注册护士

registered post n. Brit.  a postal procedure with special precautions for safety and for compensation in case of loss [英]挂号邮寄(投递)

register office n. Brit.  a State office where civil marriages are conducted and births, marriages, and deaths are recorded with the issue of certificates [英] (办理世俗结婚手续及出生、婚姻、死亡登记的)户籍登记处■Usage 用法说明 Register office is the official name, although registry office is often heard in colloquial usage. 尽管 registry office 常在口语中出现， register office 依然是正式名称。 

register ton  see 见 TON1 5b 

registrar /ˈredʒistrɑ:, redʒiˈstrɑ:/ n.  1  an official responsible for keeping a register or official records 注册(官)员，登记员，记录员，户籍员 2 Brit.  the chief administrative officer in a university [英]大学教务主任，教务长 3  a middle-ranking hospital doctor undergoing training as a specialist 专科住院医师 4 (in the UK) the judicial and administrative officer of the High Court etc. (英国) (高等法院等的)司法行政官员 □ registrarship  n.   [medieval Latin registrarius from registrum REGISTER]

Registrar General n.  a government official responsible for holding a population census 负责人口统计的政府官员，户籍处长

registrary /ˈredʒistrəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the registrar of Cambridge University 剑桥大学教务主任

registration /redʒiˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of registering; the process of being registered 登记，注册，挂号，记录；录入，记入；对齐 [obsolete French régistration or medieval Latin registratio (as REGISTRAR)]

registration document n. Brit.  a document stating the registered keeper of a motor vehicle [英]车辆执照■Usage 用法说明 The official name is vehicle registration document. 正式名称是 vehicle registration document 。 

registration mark n. (also 亦作 registration number)  a combination of letters and figures identifying a motor vehicle etc. 车牌号码

registry /ˈredʒistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place or office where registers or records are kept 登记处，注册处，挂号处；档案室 2  registration 登记，注册，挂号，记录；录入，记入；对齐 [obsolete registery from medieval Latin registerium (as REGISTER)]

registry office n.  = REGISTER OFFICE ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REGISTER OFFICE. 见 REGISTER OFFICE 用法说明。 

Regius professor /ˈri:dʒiəs/ n. (in the UK) the holder of a chair founded by a sovereign (esp. one at Oxford or Cambridge instituted by Henry VIII) or filled by Crown appointment (英国)钦定讲座教授(尤指牛津、剑桥大学由亨利八世设立的职位) [Latin regius ‘royal’, from rex regis ‘king’]

reglaze /ri:ˈɡleiz/ v. tr.  glaze (a window etc.) again 给(窗户等)重装玻璃，给…再上釉

reglet /ˈreɡlit/ n.  1 Archit.  a narrow strip separating mouldings 【建】分隔模子的窄条 2 Printing  a thin strip of wood or metal separating type 【印刷】(排版用的木制或金属)嵌条 [French réglet, diminutive of règle (as RULE)]

regnal /ˈreɡn(ə)l/ adj.  of a reign 帝王的，君主(统治)的，王朝的 [Anglo-Latin regnalis (as REIGN)]

regnal year n.  a year reckoned from the date or anniversary of a sovereign's accession (从君主就位算起的)即位第…年，(君主)统治年

regnant /ˈreɡnənt/ adj.  1 (often 常作 predic.)  reigning 在位的，统治的  Queen regnant  执政的女王 2 (of things, qualities, etc.) predominant, prevalent (东西、质量等)流行的，普遍的 [Latin regnare REIGN]

rego /ˈredʒəʊ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) Austral. slang  motor vehicle registration [澳] [俚语]机动车注册

regolith /ˈreɡ(ə)liθ/ n. Geol.  unconsolidated solid material covering the bedrock of a planet 【地质】(行星的)风化层，土被 [erroneously from Greek rhēgos ‘rug, blanket’ + -LITH]

regorge /ri:ˈɡɔ:dʒ/ v.  1 tr.  bring up or expel again after swallowing 吐，吐出 2 intr.  gush or flow back from a pit, channel, etc. (从坑、管道等中)倒流，涌回 [French regorger, or RE- + GORGE]

regrade /ri:ˈɡreid/ v. tr.  grade again or differently 再次(重新)将…分级(或分类)

regress v. & n. ●v. /riˈɡres/  1 intr.  move backwards, esp. (in abstract senses) return to a former state 后退，倒退；退回去(尤指抽象意义上) 2 intr. & tr. Psychol.  return or cause to return mentally to a former stage of life, esp. through hypnosis or mental illness 【心】(使)回归，(使)退回去(尤指通过催眠或由于精神疾病致使人回到生命早些时期的心理状态中) ●n. /ˈri:ɡres/  1  the act or an instance of going back 退回，后退，倒退 2  reasoning from effect to cause (从结果向原因)推理，倒推 [Middle English (as n.) from Latin regressus, from regredi regress- (as RE-, gradi ‘step, walk’)]

regression /riˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a backward movement, esp. a return to a former state (尤指归回原状的)倒退运动，复归 2  a relapse or reversion 复发，逆转 3 Psychol.  a return to an earlier stage of development, esp. through hypnosis or mental illness 【心】(尤指催眠或精神疾病导致的)回归，退回 4 Statistics  a measure of the relation between the mean value of one variable (e.g. output) and corresponding values of other variables (e.g. time and cost) 【统计学】回归(对某个变量(如产量)的平均值与其它变量(如时间与成本)相应值之间关系的测量方法) [Latin regressio (as REGRESS)]

regressive /riˈɡresiv/ adj.  1  regressing; characterized by regression 倒退的，返回的，复归的，回归的 2 (of a tax) proportionally greater on lower incomes (税收)低收入比例大的，(税率)递减的 □ regressively  adv.  □ regressiveness  n.  

regret /riˈɡret/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (regretted, regretting) (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1  feel or express sorrow or repentance or distress over (an action or loss etc.) 对(行为或损失等)感到(或表示)难过、遗憾或后悔  I regret that I forgot  我忘了，为此我很遗憾 regretted your absence  为你的缺席而遗憾 2 (often foll. by 常后跟带 to + infin. or that + clause)  acknowledge with sorrow or remorse 对…致歉，表示惋惜或遗憾  I regret to say that you are wrong  我很遗憾地告诉你，你错了 regretted he would not be attending  对他不能出席表示遗憾 ●n.  1  a feeling of sorrow, repentance, disappointment, etc., over an action or loss etc. (对行为或损失等的)难过、悔恨或失望等 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  an (esp. polite or formal) expression of disappointment or sorrow at an occurrence, inability to comply, etc. (尤指客气而正式的)歉意，惋惜  refused with many regrets  不能答应，深表歉意 heard with regret of her death  获悉她的去世，深表惋惜 □ give (or send) one's regrets   formally decline an invitation 正式谢绝邀请 [Middle English from Old French regreter ‘bewail’]

regretful /riˈɡretfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  feeling or showing regret 感到(或表示)悔恨(遗憾或难过等)的 □ regretfully  adv.  □ regretfulness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 Regretfully should be used only when ‘in a regretful manner’ is meant, e.g. She shook her head regretfully, and not where regrettably is meant, e.g. Regrettably, he cannot be here tonight. regretfully 一词意为“难过(遗憾)地”、“深感悔恨地”等，如 She shook her head regretfully (她难过(遗憾)地摇了摇头)。当用作“令人遗憾地”、“很可惜”等时，要用 regrettably 一词，如 Regrettably, he cannot be here tonight (很可惜，今天晚上他不能来)。 

regrettable /riˈɡretəb(ə)l/ adj. (of events or conduct) undesirable, unwelcome; deserving censure (事情或行为)令人遗憾的；可惜的；不应该的 □ regrettably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REGRETFUL. 见 REGRETFUL 用法说明。 

regroup /ri:ˈɡru:p/ v. tr. & intr.  group or arrange again or differently 再次(重新)组合或安排，重组 □ regroupment  n.  

regrow /ri:ˈɡrəʊ/ v. intr. & tr. (past -grew, past part. -grown)  grow again, esp. after an interval (尤指在一段时间间隔后)再生，重新长出 □ regrowth  n.  

Regt. abbr. [缩略]  Regiment 

regulable /ˈreɡjʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  able to be regulated 可以调整(调节)的，可控制的

regular /ˈreɡjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  conforming to a rule or principle; systematic 符合规定的，有规律的，常规的，规则的，系统的 2 (of a structure or arrangement) harmonious, symmetrical (结构或安排)和谐的，协调的，对称的  regular features  端正的五官 3  acting or done or recurring uniformly or calculably in time or manner; habitual, constant, orderly 定时的，定期的；习惯性的；持续不变的；固定有序的 4  conforming to a standard of etiquette or procedure; correct; according to convention 符合礼节的，符合手续的，恰当的，按照惯例的 5  properly constituted or qualified; not defective or amateur; pursuing an occupation as one's main pursuit 正规的，正常的，专业(职业)的  cooks as well as a regular cook  烹调得像专业厨师一样好 has no regular profession  没有专职工作 6 Gram. (of a noun, verb, etc.) following the normal type of inflection 【语法】(名词、动词等)按规则变化的 7 colloq.  complete, thorough, absolute [口]完全的，彻底的，十足的  a regular hero  一个不折不扣的英雄 8 Geom. 【几】  a (of a figure) having all sides and all angles equal (图形)等边的，正的b (of a solid) bounded by a number of equal figures (体)等面的，正的 9 Eccl. (placed before or after noun) 【教会】(置于名词前后)a  bound by religious rule 受教规约束的b  belonging to a religious or monastic order 属于宗教组织的，属于修道院(寺院)的  canon regular  正经教规 10 (of forces or troops etc.) relating to or constituting a permanent professional body (军队等)正规的，常备的  regular soldiers  正规军 regular police force  正规警察部队 11 (of a person) defecating or menstruating at predictable times (人)排便(或月经)正常(有规律)的 12 Bot. (of a flower) having radial symmetry 【植】(花)整齐的 ●n.  1  a regular soldier 正规兵，常备兵 2 colloq.  a regular customer, visitor, etc. [口]常客，老顾客 3 Eccl.  one of the regular clergy 【教会】修道士，修女，僧侣 □ keep regular hours   do the same thing, esp. going to bed and getting up, at the same time each day 做事(尤指每日作息起居)时间上有规律□ regularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ regularize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ regularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ regularly  adv.   [Middle English reguler, regular via Old French reguler from Latin regularis, from regula RULE]

regular octahedron n.  an octahedron contained by equal and equilateral triangles (各面都是全等正三角形的)正八面体

regulate /ˈreɡjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  control by rule (按规则)控制，管理 2  subject to restrictions 限制，约束 3  adapt to requirements 使符合要求，调整 4  alter the speed of (a machine or clock) so that it may work accurately 调节好(机器或钟表的)速度；校准 □ regulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ regulator  n.  □ regulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin regulare regulat- from Latin regula RULE]

regulation /reɡjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of regulating; the process of being regulated (被)管理，(被)制约，(被)调整，(被)调节 2  a prescribed rule; an authoritative direction 章程，条例，规则，规定，规章 3 (作 attrib.)  a  in accordance with regulations; of the correct type etc. 规定所要求的，标准的  the regulation speed  规定速度 a regulation tie  规定的标准领带b colloq.  usual [口]通常的，一般的  the regulation soup  普通的汤

regulo /ˈreɡjʊləʊ/ n. (usu. foll. by a numeral 通常后跟数字) Brit.  each of the numbers of a scale denoting temperature in a gas oven [英]煤气炉温度显示器上的数字刻度  cook at regulo 6  用刻度 6 的温度烹调 [Regulo, proprietary term for a thermostatic gas oven control]

regulus /ˈreɡjʊləs/ n. (pl. reguluses or reguli /-lai, -li:/) Chem. 【化】  1  the purer or metallic part of a mineral that separates by sinking on reduction 矿物在还原过程中分离下沉的纯金属部分 2  an impure metallic product formed during the smelting of various ores (熔炼时产生的)金属渣 □ reguline  /-lain/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of rex regis ‘king’: originally of a metallic form of antimony, so called because of its readiness to combine with gold]

regurgitate /riˈɡɜ:dʒiteit/ v.  1 tr.  bring (swallowed food) up again to the mouth 使(已吞咽的食物)回涌，反刍 2 tr.  cast or pour out again 掷(丢)回；使回流，使回涌  required by the exam to regurgitate facts  考试要求引述事实 3 intr.  be brought up again; gush back 被吐出；回流，回涌 □ regurgitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin regurgitare (as RE-, Latin gurges gurgitis ‘whirlpool’)]

rehab /ˈri:hæb/ n. colloq. [口]  rehabilitation  [abbreviation]

rehabilitate /ri:həˈbiliteit/ v. tr.  1  restore to effectiveness or normal life by training etc., esp. after imprisonment or illness (尤指出狱或病后经过锻炼)使重新过正常生活，使康复 2  restore to former privileges or reputation or a proper condition 恢复…的权利(名誉、待遇等) □ rehabilitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rehabilitative  /-tətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin rehabilitare (as RE-, HABILITATE)]

rehandle /ri:ˈhænd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  handle again 重新处理 2  give a new form or arrangement to 修改，重新安排

rehang /ri:ˈhæŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. rehung)  hang (esp. a picture or a curtain) again or differently 再次(重新)悬挂(尤指画或窗帘)

rehash v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈhæʃ/  put (old material) into a new form without significant change or improvement 将(旧材料)略作修改 ●n. /ˈri:hæʃ/  1  material rehashed 改头换面的材料 2  the act or an instance of rehashing (材料无实质变化的)形式改变；翻新

rehear /ri:ˈhiə/ v. tr. (past and past part. reheard /ri:ˈhɜ:d/)  hear again 再听；再审，复审

rehearsal /riˈhɜ:s(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of rehearsing 排练，演习 2  a trial performance or practice of a play, recital, etc. (戏剧、朗诵等的)预演，排演

rehearse /riˈhɜ:s/ v.  1 tr.  practise (a play, recital, etc.) for later public performance 排练(戏剧、朗诵等) 2 intr.  hold a rehearsal 举行排练(排演) 3 tr.  train (a person) by rehearsal (通过反复排练)训练(演员、队员等) 4 tr.  recite or say over 朗诵；叙述 5 tr.  give a list of; enumerate 列出，列举 □ rehearser  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French rehearser, Old French reherc(i)er (perhaps as RE- + hercer ‘to harrow’ from herse ‘harrow’) : see HEARSE]

reheat v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈhi:t/  heat again 再加热 ●n. /ˈri:hi:t/  the process of using the hot exhaust to burn extra fuel in a jet engine and produce extra power 再燃烧(使用排出的热气对喷气引擎中额外的燃料加以燃烧而产生新增的动力) □ reheater  /-ˈhi:tə/ n.  

reheel /ri:ˈhi:l/ v. tr.  fit (a shoe etc.) with a new heel 给(鞋等)加上新跟

rehoboam /ri:həˈbəʊəm, ri:ə-/ n.  a wine bottle of about six times the standard size 大酒瓶(普通酒瓶容量的 6 倍) [Rehoboam, the name of a king of Israel (1 Kings 11 － 14)]

rehome /ri:ˈhəʊm/ v. tr.  find a new home for (a pet) 给(宠物)找到新家

rehouse /ri:ˈhaʊz/ v. tr.  provide with new housing 给…提供新住房

rehung past and past part.  of REHANG 

rehydrate /ri:haiˈdreit/ v.  1 intr.  absorb water again after dehydration 再水化；再成水合物 2 tr.  add water to (esp. food) again to restore to a palatable state 使(尤其食物)再水化，使复水 □ rehydratable  adj.  □ rehydration  /-ˈdreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Reich /raik, -x/ n.  the former German State, esp. the Third Reich 德意志帝国(尤指第三帝国) [German, = empire]■Usage 用法说明 Only Third Reich is normal historical terminology. 只有 Third Reich (第三帝国)是标准的历史用语。 

Reichstag /ˈraixstɑ:ɡ/ n. hist. [史义]  1  the main legislature of the German state under the Second and Third Reichs (第二、第三帝国时期的)德国国会 2  the building in which this met (第二、第三帝国时期的)德国国会大厦 [German]

reify /ˈri:ifai, ˈreii-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  convert (a person, abstraction, etc.) mentally into a thing; materialize (在头脑中)使(人、抽象概念等)物化，使具体化 □ reification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reificatory  /-fiˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin res ‘thing’ + -FY]

reign /rein/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  hold royal office; be king or queen 统治，作国王(女王) 2  have power or predominance; prevail; hold sway 起支配(主导)作用，盛行  confusion reigns  呈混乱状态 3 (as 作 reigning adj.) (of a winner, champion, etc.) currently holding the title etc. (优胜者、冠军等)当前的，本届的 ●n.  1  sovereignty, rule 王权；(君主的)统治 2  the period during which a sovereign rules 君主统治期(在位期) [Middle English from Old French reigne ‘kingdom’, reignier ‘reign’, ultimately from Latin rex, regis ‘king’]

reignite /ri:iɡˈnait/ v. tr. & intr.  ignite again 再次点火(点燃)

reign of terror n.  a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, esp. a period of the French Revolution 1793 － 4 恐怖统治时期(尤指法国资产阶级革命时期 1793 年至 1794 年间的雅各宾专政)

Reilly var.  of RILEY  RILEY 的变体

reimburse /ri:imˈbɜ:s/ v. tr.  1  repay (a person who has expended money) 向(某人)偿还，给(某人)报销 2  repay (a person's expenses) 偿还，报销，补偿(所花费用) □ reimbursable  adj.  □ reimbursement  n.   [RE- + obsolete imburse ‘put in a purse’ from medieval Latin imbursare (as IM-, PURSE)]

reimport v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:imˈpɔ:t/  import (goods processed from exported materials) 将(出口原料加工的产品)进口，再进口 ●n. /ri:ˈimpɔ:t/  1  the act or an instance of reimporting (出口原料加工的产品的)进口，再进口 2  a reimported item 再进口的商品 □ reimportation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reimpose /ri:imˈpəʊz/ v. tr.  impose again, esp. after a lapse (尤指在一段时间以后)再次征收 □ reimposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  

rein /rein/ n. & v. ●n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  1  a long narrow strap with each end attached to the bit, used to guide or check a horse etc. in riding or driving (马等的)缰绳 2  a similar device used to restrain a young child (类似缰绳，牵引儿童用的)安全绳套，安全带 3  a means of control or guidance; a curb; a restraint 控制(或驾驭)手段；约束，限制 ●v. tr.  1  check or manage with reins (用缰绳)勒住或驾驭 2 (foll. by 后跟 up, back)  pull up or back with reins (用缰绳)勒住，使停住，控制住 3 (foll. by 后跟 in)  hold in as with reins; restrain 抑制，约束 4  govern, restrain, control 统治，管理，管束，控制 □ draw rein  Brit. [英]  1  stop one's horse 收缰勒住马 2  pull up 停下 3  abandon an effort 放弃努力，罢手□ give free rein to   remove constraints from; allow full scope to 取消对…的限制，放任□ keep a tight rein on   allow little freedom to 对…严加约束□ reinless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French rene, reigne, earlier resne, ultimately from Latin retinēre RETAIN]

reincarnation /ˌri:inkɑ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. (in some beliefs) the rebirth of a soul in a new body (某些信仰中) (灵魂的)转世，投胎，再生化身 □ reincarnate  /-ˈkɑ:neit/ v. tr.  □ reincarnate  /-ˈkɑ:nət/ adj.  

reincorporate /ri:inˈkɔ:pəreit/ v. tr.  incorporate afresh 使重新合并 □ reincorporation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Reindeer /ˈreindiə/ n.  伦迪尔湖 [加拿大]

reindeer /ˈreindiə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or reindeers)  a subarctic deer, Rangifer tarandus, both sexes of which have large antlers, domesticated in northern Eurasia for drawing sledges and as a source of milk, flesh, and hide Cf. 参见 CARIBOU 驯鹿(产于近北极地区，雌雄都有很大的鹿角，欧亚将其驯化来拉雪橇，或取其奶、肉、鹿皮) [Middle English from Old Norse hreindýri, from hreinn ‘reindeer’ + dýr DEER]

reindeer moss n.  an Arctic lichen, Cladonia rangiferina, growing in clumps and providing the chief winter food of reindeer 石蕊，驯鹿苔(丛生苔藓，驯鹿冬天的主要食物)

reindustrialize /ri:inˈdʌstriəlaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  modernize or develop industrially 使…现代化，对…进行工业化发展 □ reindustrialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinfect /ri:inˈfekt/ v. tr.  infect again 再传染，再感染 □ reinfection  /ri:inˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinforce /ri:inˈfɔ:s/ v. tr.  strengthen or support, esp. with additional personnel or material or by an increase of numbers or quantity or size etc. (尤指在人、物力，数量或大小等方面)增强，加强，补充，加固，强化 □ reinforcer  n.   [earlier renforce from French renforcer]

reinforced concrete n.  concrete with metal bars or wire etc. embedded to increase its tensile strength 钢筋混凝土

reinforcement /ri:inˈfɔ:sm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reinforcing; the process of being reinforced (被)增强，(被)补充，(被)加固，(被)强化 2  a thing that reinforces 增强材料，加固物 3 (in pl. 用复数)  reinforcing personnel or equipment etc. 增援的人员(或设备)

reinsert /ri:inˈsɜ:t/ v. tr.  insert again 再插入 □ reinsertion  /-ˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinstate /ri:inˈsteit/ v. tr.  1  replace in a former position 将…放回原位，使恢复原状 2  restore (a person etc.) to former privileges 使(人等)恢复原有的权利 □ reinstatement  n.  

reinsure /ri:inˈʃʊə/ v. tr. & intr.  insure again (esp. of an insurer securing himself by transferring some or all of the risk to another insurer) 给…再保险，(尤指保险公司之间将风险)分保，转保 □ reinsurance  n.  □ reinsurer  n.  

reintegrate /ri:ˈintiɡreit/ v. tr.  1  = REDINTEGRATE  2  integrate back into society 使归回社会 □ reintegration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinter /ri:inˈtɜ:/ v. tr.  inter (a corpse) again 再次埋葬(尸体)，改葬 □ reinterment  n.  

reinterpret /ri:inˈtɜ:prit/ v. tr. (reinterpreted, reinterpreting)  interpret again or differently 再次(重新)解释 □ reinterpretation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reintroduce /ˌri:intrəˈdju:s/ v. tr.  introduce again 再介绍，再引进 □ reintroduction  /-ˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinvent /ri:inˈvent/ v. tr.  invent again 再发明，重复发明 □ reinvention  /-ˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reinvest /ri:inˈvest/ v. tr.  invest again (esp. money in other property etc.) 再投入于，再投资于 □ reinvestment  n.  

reinvigorate /ri:inˈviɡəreit/ v. tr.  impart fresh vigour to 给…注入新的活力 □ reinvigoration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reissue /ri:ˈiʃ(j)u:, -ˈisju:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (reissues, reissued, reissuing)  issue again or in a different form 再次(重新)发行，重新出版 ●n.  a new issue, esp. of a record or previously published book (唱片、书的)再版本，新版本

reiterate /ri:ˈitəreit/ v. tr.  say or do again or repeatedly 反复做，反复说，重申 □ reiteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reiterative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin reiterare (as RE-, ITERATE)]

reive /ri:v/ v. intr. esp. Sc.  make raids; plunder [尤苏格兰]劫掠，掠夺 □ reiver  n.   [variant of REAVE]

reject v. & n. ●v. tr. /riˈdʒekt/  1  put aside or send back as not to be used or done or complied with etc. 摈弃，拒绝使用，拒绝执行，驳回 2  refuse to accept or believe in 拒绝接受，拒绝相信 3  rebuff or snub (a person) 回绝(某人)，冷落(某人) 4 (of a body or digestive system) cast up again; vomit, evacuate (身体或消化系统)吐出，排出 5 Med.  show an immune response to (a transplanted organ or tissue) so that it fails to survive 【医】排斥(移植器官或组织) ●n. /ˈri:dʒekt/  a thing or person rejected as unfit or below standard 被拒绝的人或物(因不合适或不合标准) □ rejectable  /riˈdʒektəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ rejection  /riˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rejective  adj.  □ rejector  n.   [Middle English from Latin rejicere reject- (as RE-, jacere ‘throw’)]

rejectionist /riˈdʒekʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a person who rejects a proposed policy etc., esp. an Arab who refuses to accept a negotiated peace with Israel 拒绝(提议等)的人(尤指拒绝与以色列谈和的阿拉伯人) often 常作 attrib.: rejectionist groups  拒绝团体

rejig /ri:ˈdʒiɡ/ v. tr. (rejigged, rejigging) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  re-equip (a factory etc.) for a new kind of work 重新装备(工厂等) 2  rearrange 重新安排(调整)

rejoice /riˈdʒɔis/ v.  1 intr.  feel great joy 感到欣喜，充满喜悦 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  be glad (对…)感到高兴 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, at)  take delight (因…)感到喜悦 4 intr.  celebrate some event 庆祝，欢庆 5 tr.  cause joy to 使欢喜，使高兴，使快乐 □ rejoicer  n.  □ rejoicingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French rejoir rejoiss- (as RE-, JOY)]

rejoin1 /ri:ˈdʒɔin/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  join together again; reunite (与…)重新团聚，再结合 2 tr.  join (a companion etc.) again 再次加入(公司等)

rejoin2 /riˈdʒɔin/ v.  1 tr.  say in answer; retort 回答，反驳 2 intr. Law  reply to a charge or pleading in a lawsuit 【法律】(诉讼案中被告对指控或起诉)再答辩，抗辩 [Middle English from Old French rejoindre rejoign- (as RE-, JOIN)]

rejoinder /riˈdʒɔində/ n.  1  what is said in reply 回答 2  a retort 反驳 3 Law  a reply by rejoining 【法律】再答辩，抗辩 [Anglo-French rejoinder (unrecorded: as REJOIN2)]

rejuvenate /riˈdʒu:vineit/ v. tr.  make young or as if young again 使再次变得(显得)年轻，使恢复青春(面貌) □ rejuvenation  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rejuvenator  n.   [RE- + Latin juvenis ‘young’]

rejuvenesce /riˌdʒu:viˈnes/ v.  1 intr.  become young again; regain vitality 再次变得年轻，恢复活力 2 Biol. 【生】  a intr. (of cells) change to a more active form (细胞)变得活跃，复壮b tr.  change (cells) into a more active form 使(细胞)变得活跃，使复壮 □ rejuvenescent  adj.  □ rejuvenescence  n.   [Late Latin rejuvenescere (as RE-, Latin juvenis ‘young’)]

rekey /ri:ˈki:/ v. tr. esp. Computing  re-enter (text or other data) using a keyboard (尤)【计算】再次用键盘输入(文本或其他数据)

rekindle /ri:ˈkind(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  kindle again 再次点燃，再次引发

-rel /r(ə)l/ suffix  with diminutive or derogatory force (cockerel 小公鸡，好斗的年轻人 ; scoundrel 无赖，恶棍) 小，少，贬义的 [from or after Old French -erel(le)]

relabel /ri:ˈleib(ə)l/ v. tr. (relabelled, relabelling; US [美] relabeled, relabeling)  label (esp. a commodity) again or differently 在(尤指商品)上重新贴标签

relaid past and past part.  of RELAY2 

relapse /riˈlæps/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  fall back or sink again (into a worse state after an improvement) (在一段时间的好转后)又陷入(更遭状态)，再次陷入，回复，复发 ●n. /also 亦作 ˈri:-/  the act or an instance of relapsing, esp. a deterioration in a patient's condition after a partial recovery (尤指病情的)复发，回复，重陷 □ relapser  n.   [Latin relabi relaps- (as RE-, labi ‘slip’)]

relapsing fever n.  an infectious disease marked by recurrent fever, caused by spirochaetes of the genus Borselia 回归热

relate /riˈleit/ v.  1 tr.  narrate or recount (incidents, a story, etc.) 讲述，叙述(事件、故事等) 2 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  be connected by blood or marriage 与…有血缘或婚姻关系 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  bring into relation (with one another); establish a connection between 使…相互关联，把…联系起来  cannot relate your opinion to my own experience  无法将你的看法与我的经历联系在一起 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  have reference to; concern 关系到，涉及  see only what relates to themselves  只看到与他们自己有关的东西 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  bring oneself into relation to; associate with 与…建立联系(关系) □ relatable  adj.   [Latin referre relat- ‘bring back’: see REFER]

related /riˈleitid/ adj.  connected, esp. by blood or marriage 有关系(尤指血缘或婚姻关系)的 □ relatedness  n.  

relater /riˈleitə/ n. (also 亦作 relator)  a person who relates something, esp. a story; a narrator 讲述者，叙述者

relation /riˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the way in which one person or thing is related to another (人或事物间的)关系，关联b  the existence or effect of a connection, correspondence, contrast, or feeling prevailing between persons or things, esp. when qualified in some way (人或事物间的)联系，相互影响，相互关系(尤指具有某种特性的关系)  bears no relation to the facts  与事实无关 enjoyed good relations for many years  多年以来关系很好 2  a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman 亲戚 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  dealings (with others) (与别人的)交易，交往b  sexual intercourse 性关系，性交 4  = RELATIONSHIP  5  a  narration 叙述  his relation of the events  他对事件的叙述b  a narrative 叙述的事，故事 6 Law  the laying of an information (see 见 INFORMATION 2) 【法律】告发 □ in relation to   as regards 关于，涉及 [Middle English from Old French relation or Latin relatio (as RELATE)]

relational /riˈleiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, belonging to, or characterized by relation (表示)关系的，关联的 2  having relation 有关系的，相关的 □ relationally  adv.  

relational database n. Computing  a database structured to recognize the relation of stored items of information 【计算】关系数据库

relationship /riˈleiʃ(ə)nʃip/ n.  1  the fact or state of being related 关联，相关性 2  a  a connection or association 关系，联系  enjoyed a good working relationship  拥有很好的工作关系b  an emotional (esp. sexual) association between two people 情感关系(尤指性关系) 3  a condition or character due to being related 关联状态(特性) 4  kinship 亲缘关系

relative /ˈrelətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  considered or having significance in relation to something else; not absolute 比较的，相对的  they live in relative comfort  他们过得比较舒适 truth is relative  真理是相对的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  proportionate to (something else); in proportion to (与别的东西)成比例的，相当的  growth is relative to input  增长与投入成比例 low energy content relative to its bulk  与其大小相当的低能量含量 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  in comparison with; compared with 与…相比较而言的  wage levels were low relative to the rest of the South-East  与东南部其他地区比较，工资水平是很低的 4  a  comparative; compared one with another 相对的  their relative advantages  他们的相对优势b (foll. by 后跟 to)  in relation to 与…相关(相应)的  move slowly relative to each other  相应对方，各自移动都比较慢 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  having reference; relating, relevant 有关的，相关的  the facts relative to the issue  与问题有关的事实 need more relative proof  需要更多有关证据 6  having mutual relations; corresponding in some way; related to each other 相互关联的，互相影响的，彼此对应的 7 Gram. 【语法】  a (of a word, esp. a pronoun) referring to an expressed or implied antecedent and attaching a subordinate clause to it, e.g. which, who (从句中的词，尤指代词如 which, who) 表示关系的b (of a clause) attached to an antecedent by a relative word (从句)关系词引导的 8 Mus. (of major and minor keys) having the same key signature 【音】(大、小调)调号相同的，关系的 9 (of a service rank) corresponding in grade to another in a different service (级别)相当的，对应的 ●n.  1  a person connected by blood or marriage 亲戚，亲属 2  a species related to another by common origin 亲缘物种  the apes, man's closest relatives  猿，与人类亲缘关系最近的动物 3 Gram.  a relative word, esp. a pronoun 【语法】关系词(尤指关系代词) 4 Philos.  a relative thing or term 【哲】相关物(或相关术语)，关系项 □ relatival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj. (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3)  □ relatively  adv.   [Middle English from Old French relatif -ive or Late Latin relativus ‘having reference or relation’ (as RELATE)]

relative atomic mass n.  the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 Also called 亦称作 atomic weight 相对原子量

relative density n. Chem.  the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usu. water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas 【化】相对密度(通常以水作为固体和液体密度比较标准，以空气作为气体密度比较标准)

relative humidity n.  the proportion of moisture to the value for saturation at the same temperature 相对湿度

relative molecular mass n.  the ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element or compound to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 Also called 亦称作 molecular weight 相对分子量

relativism /ˈrelətiviz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that knowledge, truth, morality, etc., are relative and not absolute 相对主义(认为知识、真理、道德等都是相对而非绝对的学说) □ relativist  n.  

relativistic /relətiˈvistik/ adj. Physics (of phenomena etc.) accurately described only by the theory of relativity 【物理学】(现象等)相对论的，相对性的 □ relativistically  adv.  

relativity /reləˈtiviti/ n.  1  the fact or state of being relative 相关，相关性 2 Physics 【物理学】  a (作 special theory of relativity)  a theory based on the principle that all motion is relative and that light has constant velocity, regarding space-time as a four-dimensional continuum, and modifying previous conceptions of geometry 狭义相对论b (作 general theory of relativity)  a theory extending this to gravitation and accelerated motion 广义相对论

relator /riˈleitə/ n.  1 var.  of RELATER RELATER 的变体 2 Law  a person who makes a relation (see 见 RELATION 6) 【法律】原告，告发人 [Latin (as RELATE)]

relaunch v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈlɔ:n(t)ʃ/  launch again 再次发射、发动或发起 ●n. /ˈri:lɔ:n(t)ʃ/  an instance of relaunching something, esp. a business or product 重新发起，重新起动(尤指买卖的重开张或商品的重上市)

relax /riˈlæks/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become less stiff or rigid or tense (使)变松弛，(使)放松 2 tr. & intr.  make or become less formal or strict (使)宽松，(使)缓和  rules were relaxed  规则被放宽了 3 tr.  reduce or abate (one's attention, efforts, etc.) 减轻，减少(注意力、努力等) 4 intr.  cease work or effort 停止工作，休息 5 tr. (as 作 relaxed adj.)  at ease; unperturbed 轻松自在的，从容的，自若的 □ relaxedly  adv.  □ relaxedness  n.  □ relaxer  n.   [Middle English from Latin relaxare (as RE-, LAX)]

relaxant /riˈlæks(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a drug etc. that relaxes and reduces tension (松弛或减轻紧张的)弛缓药 ●adj.  causing relaxation 使松弛的

relaxation /ri:lækˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of relaxing or state of being relaxed 放宽，缓和，放松(松弛)状态 2  recreation or rest, esp. after a period of work (尤指在一段时间的工作后的)消遣，休息 3  a partial remission or relaxing of a penalty, duty, etc. (对处罚、职责等的)减免，减轻 4  a lessening of severity, precision, etc. (对严格程度、精确度等的)减轻 5 Physics  the restoration of equilibrium following disturbance 【物理学】张弛，弛豫(干扰后的平衡恢复) [Latin relaxatio (as RELAX)]

relaxing /riˈlæksiŋ/ adj.  conducive to relaxation 利于放松的  a relaxing atmosphere  轻松的气氛 a relaxing holiday  轻松的假日

relay1 /ˈri:lei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fresh set of people or horses substituted for tired ones (接替疲惫的人或马的)接替组 2  a gang of workers, supply of material, etc., deployed on the same basis (工人、原料供应等的)轮班，接替，替换  operated in relays  轮换操作 3  = RELAY RACE  4  a device activating changes in an electric circuit etc. in response to other changes affecting itself 继电器，替续器 5  a  a device to receive, reinforce, and transmit a telegraph message, broadcast programme, etc. 中继设备b  a relayed message or transmission 转播的讯息，转播 ●v. tr. /also 亦作 riˈlei/  1  receive (a message, broadcast, etc.) and transmit it to others 转达，转播(讯息、广播等) 2  a  arrange in relays 把…安排成替换班组b  provide with or replace by relays 使轮流，替换，换班 [Middle English from Old French relai (n.), relayer (v.) (as RE-, laier, ultimately from Latin laxare): cf. RELAX]

relay2 /ri:ˈlei/ v. tr. (past and past part. relaid)  lay again or differently 再次(重新)铺设，重新安放

relay race n.  a race between teams of which each member in turn covers part of the distance 接力赛

relearn /ri:ˈlɜ:n/ v. tr. (past and past part. relearned or relearnt)  learn again 再学习

release /riˈli:s/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  set free; liberate, unfasten 释放，解放，放开 2  allow to move from a fixed position 使…从固定位置松开；使…从固定位置移动 3  a  make (information, a recording, etc.) publicly or generally available 公开发布(消息等)；公开发行(录音带或唱片等)b  issue (a film etc.) for general exhibition 公开发行(影片等) 4 Law 【法律】  a  remit (a debt) 免除(债务)b  surrender (a right) 交出(权力)c  make over (property or money) to another 移交或转让(财产或金钱) ●n.  1  deliverance or liberation from a restriction, duty, or difficulty (从限制、责任或困境中)解脱 2  a handle or catch that releases part of a mechanism 松脱器(打开或松脱机件的柄或钩)，脱扣器 3  a document or item of information made available for publication 发布的文件或消息  press release  新闻稿 4  a  a film or record etc. that is released 发行的影片(或唱片等)b  the act or an instance of releasing or the process of being released in this way 发布，发行 5 Law 【法律】  a  the act of releasing (property, money, or a right) to another (对财产、金钱或权利的)移交，转让b  a document effecting this 移交(转让)文书 □ releasable  adj.  □ releasee  /-ˈsi:/ n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)  □ releaser  n.  □ releasor  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4)   [Middle English from Old French reles (n.), relesser, relaiss(i)er (v.) from Latin relaxare: see RELAX]

relegate /ˈreliɡeit/ v. tr.  1  consign or dismiss to an inferior or less important position; demote 使降级，使降职 2  transfer (a sports team) to a lower division of a league etc. 使(运动队)降级 3  banish or send into exile 放逐，流放 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  transfer (a matter) for decision or implementation 交付(以供决定或实施)b  refer (a person) for information 指示咨询(某人) □ relegable  adj.  □ relegation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin relegare relegat- (as RE-, legare ‘send’)]

relent /riˈlent/ v. intr.  1  abandon a harsh intention 放弃苛求，变宽容 2  yield to compassion 同情，怜悯 3  relax one's severity; become less stern 变得温和，变得缓和 [Middle English from medieval Latin (as RE- + Latin lentɑˉre ‘bend’) from lentus ‘flexible’]

relentless /riˈlentlis/ adj.  1  unrelenting; insistent and uncompromising 冷酷的，无情的，强硬的 2  continuous; oppressively constant 持续的，一刻不放松的  the pressure was relentless  压力从不间断 □ relentlessly  adv.  □ relentlessness  n.  

relet v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. tr. /ri:ˈlet/ (-letting; past and past part. -let)  let (a property) for a further period or to a new tenant 续租；转租 ●n. /ˈri:let/  a relet property 续租(或转租)的财产

relevant /ˈreliv(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  bearing on or having reference to the matter in hand 相关的，切题的 □ relevance  n.  □ relevancy  n.  □ relevantly  adv.   [medieval Latin relevans, part. of Latin relevare ‘raise up, RELIEVE’]

reliable /riˈlaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that may be relied on 可靠的，可信赖的 2  of sound and consistent character or quality (性能或质量)持续稳定的，可靠的 □ reliability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ reliableness  n.  □ reliably  adv.  

reliance /riˈlaiəns/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 in, on)  trust, confidence 信赖，信任，信心，依靠  put full reliance in you  对你完全信赖 2  a thing relied upon 受信赖(被依靠)的东西 □ reliant  adj.  

relic /ˈrelik/ n.  1  an object interesting because of its age or association 遗物，遗迹 2  a part of a deceased holy person's body or belongings kept as an object of reverence 圣人遗骨或遗物，圣物 3  a surviving custom or belief etc. from a past age 遗俗，遗风 4  a memento or souvenir 纪念物 5 (in pl. 用复数)  what has survived destruction or wasting or use 残留物，幸存物，废墟 6 (in pl. 用复数)  the dead body or remains of a person (某人的)遗体，遗物 [Middle English relike, relique, etc. via Old French relique from Latin reliquiae: see RELIQUIAE]

relict /ˈrelikt/ n.  1  a  a geological or other object surviving in its primitive form 残遗地貌，残遗物b  an animal or plant known to have existed in the same form in previous geological ages (动植物)残遗种 2 (foll. by 后跟 of) archaic  a widow [古义]寡妇 [Latin relinquere relict- ‘leave behind’ (as RE-, linquere ‘leave’): sense 2 via Old French relicte from Latin relicta]

relief /riˈli:f/ n.  1  a  the alleviation of or deliverance from pain, distress, anxiety, etc. (痛苦、悲伤、焦虑等的)缓解或消除b  the feeling accompanying such deliverance (痛苦、悲伤、焦虑等缓解或消除后的)轻松，宽慰 2  a feature etc. that diversifies monotony or relaxes tension (对单调或紧张的)调剂，消遣 3  assistance (esp. financial) given to those in special need or difficulty (尤指财务上的)救济，补助  rent relief  租房补助 4  a  the replacing of a person or persons on duty by another or others (人员)接替，换班b  a person or persons replacing others in this way 替换者，换班人 5 (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Brit.  a thing supplementing another in some service, esp. an extra vehicle providing public transport at peak times [英] (用于某种服务的)补充物品(尤指公交高峰期的增发车辆) 6  a  a method of moulding or carving or stamping in which the design stands out from the surface, with projections proportioned and more (high relief 高浮雕) or less (low relief 浅浮雕) closely approximating to those of the objects depicted (cf. 参见 ROUND n. 9) 浮雕法b  a piece of sculpture etc. in relief 浮雕品c  a representation of relief given by an arrangement of line or colour or shading 凸现(以线条、颜色或明暗组合所造成的立体效果) 7  vividness, distinctness 鲜明，清晰  brings the facts out in sharp relief  使事实昭然显露 8 (foll. by 常后跟 of)  the reinforcement (esp. the raising of a siege) of a place 增援(尤指解围) 9 esp. Law  the redress of a hardship or grievance (尤)【法律】司法救助，法律补救方法 □ on relief  esp. N. Amer.  receiving State assistance because of need [尤北美]受政府救济 [Middle English from Anglo-French relef, Old French relief (in sense 6 French relief from Italian rilievo), from relever: see RELIEVE]

relief map n.  1  a map indicating hills and valleys by shading etc. rather than by contour lines alone (以晕渲法等制作的有立体效果的)地势图 2  a map-model showing elevations and depressions, usu. on an exaggerated relative scale (比例通常夸大的)立体地图，模型地图

relief printing n.  = LETTERPRESS 2 

relief road n. Brit.  a road taking traffic around a congested (esp. urban) area [英]绕过拥挤地段(尤指城区)的交通路线

relieve /riˈli:v/ v. tr.  1  bring or provide aid or assistance to 援助，救助 2  alleviate or reduce (pain, suffering, etc.) 减轻或缓解(疼痛、痛苦等) 3  mitigate the tedium or monotony of 减轻…的沉闷(或单调性)，使…得到调剂 4  bring military support for (a besieged place) 对(被包围地区)实行军事增援 5  release (a person) from a duty by acting as or providing a substitute 接替，替换(某人) 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  take (a burden or responsibility) away from (a person) 卸除(某人的负担或责任) 7  bring into relief; cause to appear solid or detached 使凸起成浮雕；使呈鲜明(清晰) □ relieve one's feelings   use strong language or vigorous behaviour when annoyed 发泄情绪；泄愤□ relieve oneself   urinate or defecate 排泄，大小便□ relievable  adj.  □ reliever  n.   [Middle English via Old French relever from Latin relevare (as RE-, levis ‘light’)]

relieved /riˈli:vd/ predic. adj.  freed from anxiety or distress 放心的，宽慰的  am very relieved to hear it  听到这个消息感到十分宽慰 □ relievedly  adv.  

relievo /riˈli:vəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 rilievo /riˈljeivəʊ/) (pl. -os)  = RELIEF 6  [Italian rilievo]

relight /ri:ˈlait/ v. tr. (past and past part. relighted or relit /-ˈlit/)  light (a fire etc.) again 再点火，再次点燃

religio- /riˈlidʒiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  religion 宗教 2  religious 信教的，宗教的

religion /riˈlidʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the belief in a superhuman controlling power, esp. in a personal God or gods entitled to obedience and worship 宗教信仰 2  the expression of this in worship 宗教信仰的表现 3  a particular system of faith and worship 宗教，宗教体制 4  life under monastic vows 修道生活  the way of religion  修道方式 5  a thing that one is devoted to 热衷的事  football is their religion  足球是他们热衷的事 □ religionless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French religiun, Old French religion from Latin religio -onis ‘obligation, bond, reverence’]

religionism /riˈlidʒ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  excessive religious zeal 过分的宗教热，宗教狂热 □ religionist  n.  

religiose /riˈlidʒiəʊs/ adj.  excessively religious 过分虔诚的，笃信宗教的 [Latin religiosus (as RELIGIOUS)]

religiosity /riˌlidʒiˈɒsiti/ n.  the condition of being religious or religiose 笃信，信教，虔诚；过分虔诚，宗教狂热 [Middle English from Latin religiositas (as RELIGIOUS)]

religious /riˈlidʒəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  devoted to religion; pious, devout 信教的，虔诚的 2  of or concerned with religion 与宗教有关的，宗教(上)的 3  of or belonging to a monastic order 教会的，教派的；符合教规的 4  scrupulous, conscientious 谨慎的，认真细心的，尽责的  a religious attention to detail  对细节的认真关注 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a person bound by monastic vows 修道者 □ religiously  adv.  □ religiousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French religius, Old French religious from Latin religiosus (as RELIGION)]

reline /ri:ˈlain/ v. tr.  renew the lining of (a garment, boiler, etc.) 给(服装)换衬里，给(锅炉等)换炉衬

relinquish /riˈliŋkwiʃ/ v. tr.  1  surrender or resign (a right or possession) 交出(权力或所有物)，辞去 2  give up or cease from (a habit, plan, belief, etc.) 放弃(计划、信仰等)，戒除(习惯等) 3  relax hold of (an object held) 放开，松开 □ relinquishment  n.   [Middle English via Old French relinquir from Latin relinquere (as RE-, linquere ‘leave’)]

reliquary /ˈrelikwəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a receptacle for esp. holy relics (尤指放圣物的)匣，圣(骨)盒 [French reliquaire (as RELIC)]

reliquiae /riˈlikwii:/ n. pl.  1  remains 遗体，遗骨，遗骸 2 Geol.  fossil remains of animals or plants 【地质】(动植物)化石 [Latin from reliquus ‘remaining’ (as RE- + linquere liq- ‘leave’)]

relish /ˈreliʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a  great liking or enjoyment 强烈的爱好，兴致b  keen or pleasurable longing 热切的渴望  had no relish for travelling  没有旅行的兴趣 2  a  an appetizing flavour 美味b  an attractive quality 吸引人的特性  fishing loses its relish in winter  在冬季，钓鱼不再吸引人 3  a condiment eaten with plainer food to add flavour, esp. a piquant sauce, pickle, etc. 调味品，开胃品，作料 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a distinctive taste or tinge 独特的滋味，风味 ●v. tr.  1  a  get pleasure out of; enjoy greatly 从…得到享受(乐趣)；充分享受b  look forward to; anticipate with pleasure 期待，渴望  did not relish what lay before her  对她面前的事并不感兴趣 2  add relish to 给…加作料，使更有趣味 □ relishable  adj.   [alteration (with assimilation to -ISH2) of obsolete reles from Old French reles, relais ‘remainder’ from relaisser: see RELEASE]

relive /ri:ˈliv/ v. tr.  live (an experience etc.) over again, esp. in the imagination (尤指在想像中)重新经历

reload /ri:ˈləʊd/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  load (esp. a gun) again (尤指枪炮)再填装

relocate /ri:lə(ʊ)ˈkeit/ v.  1 tr.  locate in a new place 使安置于新的地点，重新安置 2 tr. & intr.  move to a new place (esp. to live or work) (使)迁移至新的地点(尤指去生活或工作) □ relocation  /-ˈkeiʃən/ n.  

reluctant /riˈlʌkt(ə)nt/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  unwilling or disinclined 勉强的，不情愿的  most reluctant to agree  极不赞同 □ reluctance  n.  □ reluctantly  adv.   [Latin reluctari (as RE-, luctari ‘struggle’)]

rely /riˈlai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  1  depend on with confidence or assurance 信赖，信任  am relying on your judgement  信赖你的判断 2  be dependent on 依靠，依赖  relies on her for everything  什么事都依赖她 [earlier senses ‘rally, be a vassal of’: Middle English via Old French relier ‘bind together’ from Latin religare (as RE-, ligare ‘bind’)]

REM abbr. [缩略]  rapid eye-movement 

rem /rem/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a unit of effective absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in human tissue, equivalent to one roentgen of X-rays 雷姆，人体伦琴当量(指被人体组织有效吸收的电离辐射的单位量，相当于 1 伦琴的 X 射线) [roentgen equivalent man]

remade past and past part.  of REMAKE 

remain /riˈmein/ v. intr.  1  be left over after others or other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 留下，剩下，遗留，残留 2  be in the same place or condition during further time; continue to exist or stay; be left behind 保持原位(或原状)，持续存在；被遗留  remained at home  留在家 3 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  continue to be 继续作，依然是  remained calm  保持镇静 remains President  一直当总统 [Middle English from Old French remain-, stressed stem of remanoir, or from Old French remaindre, ultimately from Latin remanēre (as RE-, manēre ‘stay’)]

remainder /riˈmeində/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a part remaining or left over 剩余部分 2  remaining persons or things 留下的人(或物) 3  a number left after division or subtraction 余数 4  the copies of a book left unsold when demand has fallen (因需求下跌而)积压未售的图书 5 Law  an interest in an estate that becomes effective in possession only when a prior interest (devised at the same time) ends 【法律】地产的指定继承权 ●v. tr.  dispose of (a remainder of books) at a reduced price 降价销售(积压图书) [Middle English (in sense 5) from Anglo-French, = Old French remaindre: see REMAIN]

remains /riˈmeinz/ n. pl.  1  what remains after other parts have been removed or used etc. 剩余部分 2  relics of antiquity, esp. of buildings (尤指古代建筑物的)遗迹，废墟，古迹  Roman remains  古罗马的废墟 3  a person's body after death 遗体，遗骸 4  an author's (esp. unpublished) works left after death 遗稿，(尤指未发表的)遗作

remake v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈmeik/ (past and past part. remade)  make again or differently 再次(重新)制作 ●n. /ˈri:meik/  a thing that has been remade, esp. a cinema film 再次(重新)制作的东西(尤指电影)

reman /ri:ˈmæn/ v. tr. (remanned, remanning)  1  equip (a fleet etc.) with new personnel 为(舰队等)重新配备人员 2 poet.  make courageous again [诗]使重新鼓起勇气

remand /riˈmɑ:nd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  return (a prisoner) to custody, esp. to allow further inquiries to be made (尤指为进一步审讯而)将(犯人)还押 ●n.  a recommittal to custody 还押，押候 □ on remand   in custody pending trial 在押候审中 [Middle English from Late Latin remandare (as RE-, mandare ‘commit’)]

remand centre n. (in the UK) an institution to which accused persons are remanded pending trial (英国)拘留候审所

remanent /ˈremənənt/ adj.  1  remaining, residual 剩余的，残留的 2 (of magnetism) remaining after the magnetizing field has been removed (指磁在磁场消除后)依然存在的 □ remanence  n.   [Middle English from Latin remanēre REMAIN]

remark /riˈmɑ:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  say by way of comment 评说，评论b  take notice of; regard with attention 注意(到) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  make a comment 评论 ●n.  1  a written or spoken comment; anything said (书面或口头的)评论，谈论 2  a  the act of noticing or observing 注意  worthy of remark  值得注意b  the act of commenting 评论  let it pass without remark  不加评论地带过 [French remarque, remarquer (as RE-, MARK1)]

remarkable /riˈmɑ:kəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  worthy of notice; exceptional, extraordinary 值得注意的；杰出的，非凡的 2  striking, conspicuous 引人注目的，显著的 □ remarkableness  n.  □ remarkably  adv.   [French remarquable (as REMARK)]

remarry /ri:ˈmæri/ v. intr. & tr. (-ies, -ied)  marry again (与…)再婚 □ remarriage  n.  

remaster /ri:ˈmɑ:stə/ v. tr.  make a new master of (a recording), esp. to improve the sound quality (尤指为了改善声音质量而)重新灌制(录音带、唱片等)

rematch /ˈri:mætʃ/ n.  a return match or game 复赛，重赛

REME /ˈri:mi:/ abbr. (in the UK) Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers [缩略] (英国)皇家电气和机械工程兵

remeasure /ri:ˈmeʒə/ v. tr.  measure again 再次测量 □ remeasurement  n.  

remedial /riˈmi:diəl/ adj.  1  affording or intended as a remedy 补救的，治疗(上)的  remedial therapy  补救治疗 2 (of teaching) for slow or backward children (教学)针对落后儿童的，补习的 □ remedially  adv.   [Late Latin remedialis from Latin remedium (as REMEDY)]

remedy /ˈremidi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies) (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against)  1  a medicine or treatment (for a disease etc.) 药品；治疗 2  a means of counteracting or removing anything undesirable 抵抗或消除(不良情况)的办法 3  redress; legal or other reparation 矫正；赔偿，补偿，法律补救 4  the margin within which coins as minted may differ from the standard fineness and weight 硬币(铸造的)公差 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  rectify; make good 矫正；补偿，赔偿；治理 □ remediable  /riˈmi:diəb(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French remedie, Old French remede or Latin remedium (as RE-, medēri ‘heal’)]

remember /riˈmembə/ v. tr.  1  keep in the memory; not forget 记住，不忘记 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  bring back into one's thoughts, call to mind (knowledge or experience etc.) 记得；回忆起(知识或经验等)b (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  have in mind (a duty, commitment, etc.) 记住，记着，记得去履行(责任、义务等)  will you remember to lock the door?  请记住锁门好吗？ 3  think of or acknowledge (a person) in some connection, esp. in making a gift etc. (尤指以礼物等来)想念或答谢(某人) 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  convey greetings from (one person) to (another) 替(某人)向(别人)转达问候  remember me to your mother  替我向你妈妈问好 5  mention (in prayer) 为…祈祷 □ remember oneself   recover one's manners or intentions after a lapse (失误、失检后)恢复(举止或意图)□ rememberer  n.   [Middle English via Old French remembrer from Late Latin rememorari (as RE-, Latin memor ‘mindful’)]

remembrance /riˈmembr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act of remembering or process of being remembered 回忆，回想 2  a memory or recollection 记忆，回忆的事 3  a keepsake or souvenir 纪念品 4 (in pl. 用复数)  greetings conveyed through a third person 转达的问候 [Middle English from Old French (as REMEMBER)]

Remembrance Day n.  1  = REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY  2 hist.  Armistice Day [史义]停战纪念日

Remembrance Sunday n. (in the UK) the Sunday nearest 11 Nov., when those who were killed in the First and Second World Wars and later conflicts are commemorated (英国)阵亡将士纪念日(最接近 11 月 11 日的星期日，为纪念第一、二次世界大战及后来战争中的阵亡将士而设定)

remex /ˈri:meks/ n. (pl. remiges /ˈremidʒi:z/)  a primary or secondary feather in a bird's wing 飞羽(鸟翼上的主要羽毛) [Latin, = rower, from remus ‘oar’]

remind /riˈmaind/ v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  cause (a person) to think of 提醒，使(某人)想到 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  cause (a person) to remember a commitment etc. 提醒，使(某人)记起(承诺等)  remind them to pay their subscriptions  提醒他们付订费

reminder /riˈmaində/ n.  1  a  a thing that reminds, esp. a letter or bill 起提醒作用的东西(尤指信件或账单)b  a means of reminding 提醒手段(方法)  leave it here as a reminder  把它放在这里用来提醒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a memento or souvenir 纪念品

remindful /riˈmain(d)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  acting as a reminder; reviving the memory 起提醒作用的，引人回想的

reminisce /remiˈnis/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  indulge in reminiscence 沉浸于回忆，缅怀过去 □ reminiscer  n.   [back-formation from REMINISCENCE]

reminiscence /remiˈnis(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act of remembering things past; the recovery of knowledge by mental effort 怀旧，回忆，回想 2  a  a past fact or experience that is remembered 回想起的事实或经历b  the process of narrating this 谈论往事，话旧 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a collection in literary form of incidents and experiences that a person remembers (文学形式的)回忆录，经验谈 4 Philos. (esp. in Platonism) the theory of the recovery of things known to the soul in previous existences 【哲】(尤指柏拉图主义中的)回忆说(灵魂对前世事情的回忆) 5  a characteristic of one thing reminding or suggestive of another (事物)能引起联想的特性 □ reminiscential  /-ˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin reminiscentia from Latin reminisci ‘remember’]

reminiscent /remiˈnis(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  tending to remind one of or suggest 起提醒作用的，提示的，发人联想的 2  concerned with reminiscence (有关)回忆的，怀旧的 3 (of a person) given to reminiscing (人)沉湎于往事的，好怀旧的 □ reminiscently  adv.  

remise /riˈmi:z/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 Law  surrender or make over (a right or property) 【法律】放弃或移交(权力或财产) 2 Fencing  make a remise 【击剑】(一刺未中后)再刺 ●n. Fencing  a second thrust made after the first has failed 【击剑】(一刺未中后的)再刺 [French from remis, remise, past part. of remettre ‘put back’: cf. REMIT]

remiss /riˈmis/ adj.  careless of duty; lax, negligent 玩忽职守的，松懈的，疏忽的 □ remissly  adv.  □ remissness  n.   [Middle English from Latin remissus, past part. of remittere ‘slacken’: see REMIT]

remissible /riˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  that may be remitted 可以被宽恕的，可被赦免的 [French rémissible or Late Latin remissibilis (as REMIT)]

remission /riˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Brit.  the reduction of a prison sentence on account of good behaviour [英] (由于表现好而得到的)减刑 2  the remitting of a debt or penalty etc. (债务、惩罚等的)减缓，减免，免除，豁免 3  a diminution of force, effect, or degree (esp. of disease or pain) 力度、效果或程度的减轻(尤指疾病或痛苦的减轻) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  forgiveness (of sins etc.) (对罪恶等的)宽恕 □ remissive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French remission or Latin remissio (as REMIT)]

remit v. & n. ●v. /riˈmit/ (remitted, remitting)  1 tr.  cancel or refrain from exacting or inflicting (a debt or punishment etc.) 免除或减缓(债务或惩罚等) 2 intr. & tr.  abate or slacken; cease or cease from partly or entirely 减轻，减缓，放松，部分或全部停止 3 tr.  send (money etc.) in payment 汇付(款项等) 4 tr.  cause to be conveyed by post 汇寄 5 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  refer (a matter for decision etc.) to some authority 将(有待裁决的事)向权威机构提交b Law  send back (a case) to a lower court 【法律】把(案件)发回原审法院重审 6 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  postpone or defer 推迟，延迟b (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  send or put back into a previous state 使恢复原状 7 tr. Theol. (usu. of God) pardon (sins etc.) 【神】(通常指上帝)宽恕(罪恶等) ●n. /ˈri:mit, riˈmit/  1  the terms of reference of a committee etc. (委员会等的)委托权限，职权范围 2  an item remitted for consideration 提交审议的事项 □ remittable  /riˈmitəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ remittal  /riˈmit(ə)l/ n.  □ remittee  /rimiˈti:/ n.  □ remitter  /riˈmitə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin remittere remiss- (as RE-, mittere ‘send’)]

remittance /riˈmit(ə)ns/ n.  1  money sent, esp. by post, for goods or services or as an allowance 汇款款项(尤指邮汇的款项) 2  the act of sending money 汇款行为，汇寄

remittance man n. hist.  an emigrant subsisting on remittances from home [史义]侨居国外靠国内汇款生活的人

remittent /riˈmit(ə)nt/ adj. (of a fever) that abates at intervals (发烧)间歇性的，弛张的 [Latin remittere (as REMIT)]

remix v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈmiks/  mix again 使再混合，再搅拌 ●n. /ˈri:miks/  a sound recording that has been remixed to produce a new version (see 见 MIX v. 8) 混录的录音 □ remixer  n.  

remnant /ˈremnənt/ n.  1  a small remaining quantity 残余 2  a piece of cloth etc. left when the greater part has been used or sold 零头布，剩余的边角布料 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a surviving trace 遗迹  a remnant of empire  帝国遗迹 [Middle English (earlier remenant) from Old French remenant, from remenoir REMAIN]

remodel /ri:ˈmɒd(ə)l/ v. tr. (remodelled, remodelling; US [美] remodeled, remodeling)  1  model again or differently 再次(重新)塑造 2  reconstruct 重建，改造

remodify /ri:ˈmɒdifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  modify again 再次修改 □ remodification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

remold US var.  of REMOULD [美] REMOULD 的变体

remonetize /ri:ˈmʌnitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  restore (a metal etc.) to its former position as legal tender 将(金属等)重新定为法定货币 □ remonetization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

remonstrance /riˈmɒnstr(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of remonstrating 抗议，进谏，告诫 2  an expostulation or protest 谏言，抗议(书) [Middle English from obsolete French remonstrance or medieval Latin remonstrantia (as REMONSTRATE)]

remonstrate /ˈremənstreit/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  make a protest; argue forcibly 抗议，进谏，告诫，激烈争论  remonstrated with them over the delays  针对耽搁向他们表示抗议 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  urge protestingly 抗议，告诫 □ remonstrant  /riˈmɒnstr(ə)nt/ adj.  □ remonstration  /-ˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ remonstrative  /riˈmɒnstrətiv/ adj.  □ remonstrator  n.   [medieval Latin remonstrare (as RE-, monstrare ‘show’)]

remontant /riˈmɒnt(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of a rose) blooming more than once a year (尤指蔷薇)一年两次(或两次以上)开花的 ●n.  a remontant rose etc. 一年多次开花的蔷薇等 [French from remonter REMOUNT]

remora /ˈremərə/ n. Zool.  any of various slender marine fish of the family Echeneidae, which attach themselves by modified sucker-like dorsal fins to larger fish and to ships 【动】(靠其吸盘一样的背鳍吸附于大鱼或船只上的一种鱼) [Latin, = hindrance (as RE-, mora ‘delay’, from the former belief that the fish slowed ships down)]

remorse /riˈmɔ:s/ n.  1  deep regret for a wrong committed (对所做错事的)懊悔，悔恨；自责 2  compunction; a compassionate reluctance to inflict pain (esp. in 尤用于 without remorse 毫不怜惜地) 内疚；怜惜，同情 [Middle English via Old French remors and medieval Latin remorsus from Latin remordēre remors- ‘vex’ (as RE-, mordēre ‘bite’)]

remorseful /riˈmɔ:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  filled with repentance 充满悔恨的，懊悔的 □ remorsefully  adv.  

remorseless /riˈmɔ:slis/ adj.  without compassion or compunction 冷酷无情的，毫无悔恨之意的 □ remorselessly  adv.  □ remorselessness  n.  

remortgage /ri:ˈmɔ:ɡidʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  mortgage again; revise the terms of an existing mortgage on (a property) 再抵押；改变(财产)抵押条款 ●n.  a different or altered mortgage 重新的抵押，条款修改后的抵押，转抵押

remote /riˈməʊt/ adj. (remoter, remotest)  1  far away in place or time 远的，遥远的，久远的 2  out of the way; situated away from the main centres of population, society, etc. 偏远的，偏僻的 3  distantly related 关系疏远的  a remote ancestor  远祖 4  slight, faint (esp. in 尤用于 not the remotest chance, idea, etc. 没有一点儿机会、主意等) 少量的，微弱的 5 (of a person) aloof; not friendly (人)孤傲的，冷漠的 6 (foll. by 后跟 from)  widely different; separate by nature 差别很大的，性质不同的  ideas remote from the subject  与主题无关的想法 □ remotely  adv.  □ remoteness  n.   [Middle English from Latin remotus (as REMOVE)]

remote control n.  1  control of a machine or apparatus from a distance by means of signals transmitted from a radio or electronic device (无线电或电子)遥控 2  such a device 遥控器，遥控装置 □ remote controlled  adj.  

remote sensing n.  the scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it 遥感(人造卫星或高空飞行器为取得有关信息而对地球进行的扫描)

remould v. & n. (US [美] remold) ●v. tr. /ri:ˈməʊld/  1  mould again; refashion 重新塑造，重铸，重制 2 Brit.  re-form the tread of (a tyre) [英]翻新(轮胎) ●n. /ˈri:məʊld/  a remoulded tyre 翻新轮胎

remount v. & n. ●v. /ri:ˈmaʊnt/  1  a tr.  mount (a horse etc.) again 再次骑上(马等)b intr.  get on horseback again 再次骑上马 2 tr.  get on to or ascend (a ladder, hill, etc.) again 再次登上(梯子、山冈等) 3 tr.  provide (a person) with a fresh horse etc. 给(某人)更换马匹等 4 tr.  put (a picture etc.) on a fresh mount 重新镶嵌；重新裱贴(画片等) ●n. /ˈri:maʊnt/  1  a fresh horse for a rider (骑手的)新马 2  a supply of fresh horses for a regiment (为一个团)补充的新军马

removal /riˈmu:v(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of removing; the process of being removed (被)移开，消除，免职 2 esp. Brit.  the transfer of furniture and other contents on moving house [尤英]搬迁 3 Ir.  the taking of a body to a church for the funeral [爱尔兰]将尸体运至教堂以出殡

remove /riˈmu:v/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  take off or away from the place or position occupied; detach 移开，拿开，挪开  remove the top carefully  小心打开盖子 2 tr.  a  move or take to another place; change the situation of 改换…的位置，拿走，移动  will you remove the tea things?  你把茶具撤走好吗？b  get rid of; eliminate 除去，消除，排除  will remove all doubts  将消除所有疑虑 3 tr.  cause to be no longer present or available; take away 取消，撤销，删除，取走  all privileges were removed  所有特权都被撤销了 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  dismiss (from office) 免去(职位)，开除 5 tr. colloq.  kill, assassinate [口]杀害，刺杀 6 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 from)  distant or remote in condition 被远离，被分离  the country is not far removed from anarchy  这个国家并未远离无政府状态 7 tr. (as 作 removed adj.) (esp. of cousins) separated by a specified number of steps of descent (尤指堂表亲)隔代的，隔辈的  a first cousin twice removed  = a grandchild of a first cousin 与第一个堂表亲相隔两代的堂表亲，即第一个堂表亲的孙子或孙女 8 formal [正式]  a intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, to)  change one's home or place of residence 搬家，迁居b tr.  conduct the removal of 将…移开；消除；免职 ●n.  1  a degree of remoteness; a distance 远离程度，距离 2  a stage in a gradation; a degree 阶段，等级，程度  is several removes from what I expected  离我期望的还差几级 3  a form or division in some British schools (英国一些学校的)年级 □ removable  adj.  □ removability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ remover  n. (esp. in sense 8b of v. 尤用于动词释义 8b)   [Middle English via Old French removeir from Latin removēre remot- (as RE-, movēre ‘move’)]

remunerate /riˈmju:nəreit/ v. tr.  1  reward; pay for services rendered 酬报，给…酬劳 2  serve as or provide recompense for (toil etc.) or to (a person) 充当(劳作)的酬金，报偿(某人) □ remuneration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ remunerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin remunerari (as RE-, munus muneris ‘gift’)]

Renaissance /riˈneis(ə)ns, -ɒ˜s/ n.  1  the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th － 16th c. (欧洲 14 至 16 世纪的)文艺复兴 2  the period of this (欧洲 14 至 16 世纪的)文艺复兴时期 3  the culture and style of art, architecture, etc. developed during this era 欧洲文艺复兴时期文艺、建筑等的风格与文化 4 (作 renaissance)  any similar revival 与欧洲文艺复兴类似的复兴(运动) [French renaissance (as RE-, French naissance ‘birth’ from Latin nascentia, or French naître naiss- ‘be born’ from Romanic: cf. NASCENT)]

Renaissance man n.  a person with many talents or pursuits, esp. in the humanities (尤指在人文学科)博学多才的人，多才多艺的人

renal /ˈri:n(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning the kidneys 肾脏的，肾的 [French rénal via Late Latin renalis from Latin renes ‘kidneys’]

rename /ri:ˈneim/ v. tr.  name again; give a new name to 再次(重新)命名，改名

renascence /riˈnæs(ə)ns/ n.  1  rebirth; renewal 新生，更新，复兴 2  = RENAISSANCE  [RENASCENT]

renascent /riˈnæs(ə)nt/ adj.  springing up anew; being reborn or renewed 新生的，再生的，复活的，复兴的 [Latin renasci (as RE-, nasci ‘be born’)]

renationalize /ri:ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  take (a privatized industry) back into state control 将(私有产业)重新收归国有 □ renationalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

rencontre /renˈkɒntə/ n. archaic [古义]  = RENCOUNTERn.  [French (as RENCOUNTER)]

rencounter /renˈkaʊntə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an encounter; a chance meeting 相遇，遭遇，偶遇，邂逅 2  a battle, skirmish, or duel 遭遇战，冲突；决斗 ●v. tr.  encounter; meet by chance 相遇，遭遇，偶遇，邂逅 [French rencontre(r) (as RE-, ENCOUNTER)]

rend /rend/ v. (past and past part. rent /rent/) archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, from, away, etc.; also absol. [亦含宾])  tear or wrench forcibly 用力撕或扭 2 tr. & intr.  split or divide in pieces or into factions 割裂(成碎片或部分)，使分崩离析  a country rent by civil war  因内战而分裂的国家 3 tr.  cause emotional pain to (the heart etc.) 使(心等)痛，使(心等)碎 □ rend the air   sound piercingly (声音)刺破长空□ rend one's garments (or hair)   display extreme grief or rage 撕扯衣物(或头发)以表示极度的悲伤或愤怒 [Old English rendan, related to Middle Low German rende]

render /ˈrendə/ v. tr.  1  cause to be or become; make 使成为，使得  rendered us helpless  使我们很无助 2  give or pay (money, service, etc.), esp. in return or as a thing due 付给，交纳，报偿  render thanks  予以感谢 rendered good for evil  以德报怨 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  give (assistance) 提供，给予(帮助)  rendered aid to the injured man  为受伤的人提供帮助b  show (obedience etc.) 表示(服从等)c  do (a service etc.) 提供(服务等) 4  submit; send in; present (an account, reason, etc.) 提交，递交，呈报，汇报(账目、理由等) 5  a  represent or portray artistically, musically, etc. (以艺术、音乐等形式)表现，描绘b  act (a role); represent (a character, idea, etc.) 扮演(角色)，表现(人物、思想等)  the dramatist's conception was well rendered  剧作家的构想得到很好的表现c Mus.  perform; execute 【音】表演，演出，演奏(唱) 6  translate 翻译  rendered the poem into French  将这首诗译成法语 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  melt down (fat etc.), esp. to clarify; extract by melting (尤指为了提纯)熔化(脂肪等)，熬炼 8  cover (stone or brick) with a coat of plaster 给(砖石)抹灰打底，粉刷 9 literary [文学用语]  a  give back; hand over; deliver, give up, surrender 归还，移交，递送，放弃，交出  render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's  把现世事交给现世君王，尽公民义务b  show (obedience) 表示(服从) □ renderer  n.   [Middle English from Old French rendre, ultimately from Latin reddere reddit- (as RE-, dare ‘give’)]

rendering /ˈrend(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of performing music, drama, etc.; an interpretation or performance (音乐、戏剧等的)演奏，表演，阐释或表达  an excellent rendering of the part  对角色出色的扮演b  a translation 翻译，译文 2  a  the act or an instance of plastering stone, brick, etc. (对砖石等的)抹灰打底b  this coating (抹灰的)底灰层 3 literary  the act or an instance of giving, yielding, or surrendering [文学用语]给予，让步，交出，放弃

rendezvous /ˈrɒndivu:, -deivu:/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 /-vu:z/)  1  an agreed or regular meeting place (约定好的或经常性的)集合地点 2  a meeting by arrangement 约会，聚会 3  a place appointed for assembling troops, ships, etc. (队伍、船只等的)指定会合地点 4  a pre-arranged meeting between spacecraft in space (事先安排好的)宇宙飞船太空会合 ●v. intr. (rendezvouses /-vu:z/; rendezvoused /-vu:d/; rendezvousing /-vu:iŋ/)  meet at a rendezvous 在会合(集合)地点相会 [French rendez-vous ‘present yourselves’ from rendre: see RENDER]

rendition /renˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  an interpretation or rendering of a dramatic role, piece of music, etc. (对戏剧角色、音乐作品等的)阐释，表现；表演，演奏 2  a visual representation (视觉的)表现，体现，再现 [obsolete French from rendre RENDER]

rendzina /ren(d)ˈzi:nə/ n.  a fertile lime-rich soil with dark humus above a pale soft calcareous layer, typical of grassland on chalk or limestone 黑色石灰土 [Russian from Polish rędzina]

renegade /ˈreniɡeid/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person who deserts a party or principles; a rebel 叛党者，变节者，叛逆者b  a person who changes allegiance 背叛者 2 archaic  an apostate; a person who abandons one religion for another [古义]背教者，叛教者，改变宗教信仰者 ●adj.  1  traitorous, rebellious 叛变的，变节的；造反的，叛逆的 2  of changed allegiance 背叛的 ●v. intr.  be a renegade 背弃，脱离，变节，背叛，改宗 [Spanish renegado from medieval Latin renegatus (as RE-, Latin negare ‘deny’)]

renegado /reniˈɡeidəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes) archaic [古义]  = RENEGADEn.  [Spanish (as RENEGADE)]

renege /riˈni:ɡ, riˈneiɡ/ v. (also 亦作 renegue)  1 intr.  a  go back on one's word; change one's mind; recant 食言，背信；改变主意；放弃b (foll. by 后跟 on)  go back on (a promise or undertaking or contract) 违背(允诺、承诺或契约) 2 tr.  deny, renounce, abandon (a person, faith, etc.) 否认，放弃，抛弃(人、信仰等) 3 intr. Cards  revoke 【牌戏】有牌不跟，藏牌 □ reneger  n.  □ reneguer  n.   [medieval Latin renegare (as RE-, Latin negare ‘deny’)]

renegotiate /ri:niˈɡəʊʃieit/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  negotiate again or on different terms 再次(重新)谈判 □ renegotiable  adj.  □ renegotiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

renew /riˈnju:/ v. tr.  1  revive; regenerate; make new again; restore to the original state 使复活，使获得新生，更新；使恢复原状 2  reinforce; resupply; replace 加强，补充，再供给；取代，替换 3  repeat or re-establish, resume after an interruption 重做，重建；(中断后)继续，重新开始  renewed our acquaintance  重修旧好 a renewed attack  新一轮进攻 4  get, begin, make, say, give, etc. anew 重新(开始、做、说、给予等) 5 (also absol. [亦含宾])  grant or be granted a continuation of or continued validity of (a licence, subscription, lease, etc.) 延长(执照、订阅、租约等的)有效期 6  recover (one's youth, strength, etc.) 恢复，重获(青春、力量等) □ renewable  adj. & n.  □ renewability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ renewal  n.  □ renewer  n.  

reniform /ˈri:nifɔ:m/ adj. esp. Med. (尤)【医】  kidney-shaped 肾脏形的 [Latin ren ‘kidney’ + -FORM]

rennet /ˈrenit/ n.  1  curdled milk found in the stomach of an unweaned calf, containing rennin and used in curdling milk for cheese, junket, etc. 牛犊胃中凝乳块(见于未断奶的牛犊胃中，内含制作干酪、凝乳食品时用的凝乳酶) 2  a preparation containing rennin made from the stomach membrane of a calf or from certain fungi, used for the same purpose (用牛犊胃内膜或某些真菌制成的)粗制凝乳酶 [Middle English, probably from an Old English word related to RUN]

rennin /ˈrenin/ n. Biochem.  an enzyme secreted into the stomach of unweaned mammals causing the clotting of milk 【生化】凝乳酶(分泌于未断奶的哺乳动物胃中，能使奶凝固的一种酶) [RENNET + -IN]

renominate /ri:ˈnɒmineit/ v. tr.  nominate for a further term of office 重新提名，再任命 □ renomination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

renounce /riˈnaʊns/ v.  1 tr.  consent formally to abandon; surrender; give up (a claim, right, possession, etc.) 声明放弃，交出，放弃(要求、权利、所有等) 2 tr.  repudiate; refuse to recognize any longer 否认…的权威，不再承认  renouncing their father's authority  否认他们父亲的权威 3 tr.  a  decline further association or disclaim relationship with 与…断绝联系，断绝关系  renounced my former friends  与我以前的朋友绝交b  withdraw from; discontinue; forsake 撤销，停止，放弃，抛弃 4 intr. Law  refuse or resign a right or position esp. as an heir or trustee 【法律】放弃权利(尤指继承权或托管权) 5 intr. Cards  follow with a card of another suit when having no card of the suit led (cf. 参见 REVOKE v. 2) 【牌戏】(因缺门)垫另一花色的牌 □ renounce the world   abandon society or material affairs 退隐□ renounceable  adj.  □ renouncement  n.  □ renouncer  n.   [Middle English via Old French renoncer from Latin renuntiare (as RE-, nuntiare ‘announce’)]

renovate /ˈrenəveit/ v. tr.  1  restore to good condition; repair 修复，翻新，修理 2  make new again 更新，革新 □ renovation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ renovator  n.   [Latin renovare (as RE-, novus ‘new’)]

renown /riˈnaʊn/ n.  fame; high distinction; celebrity 名声，名望，声誉  a city of great renown  非常著名的城市 [Middle English from Anglo-French ren(o)un, Old French renon, renom, from renomer ‘make famous’ (as RE-, Latin nominare NOMINATE)]

renowned /riˈnaʊnd/ adj.  famous; celebrated 著名的，享有声望的

rent1 /rent/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tenant's periodical payment to an owner or landlord for the use of land or premises 地租，房租 2  payment for the use of a service, equipment, etc. (服务、设备等的)租金，租用费 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  take, occupy, or use at a rent 租用，租借  rented a cottage from the local farmer  向当地农民租了一间农舍 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  let or hire (a thing) for rent 出租 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, for) esp. N. Amer.  be let or hired out at a specified rate [尤北美]以某特定价格出租  the land rents at £ 100 per month  这片土地以月租金 100 英镑出租 □ for rent  N. Amer.  available to be rented [北美]供租用；召租 [Middle English via Old French rente from Romanic (as RENDER)]

rent2 /rent/ n.  1  a large tear in a garment etc. (衣服等的)大裂口，大裂缝 2  an opening in clouds etc. (云等中间的)缝隙 3  a cleft, fissure, or gorge 裂缝，裂隙；峡谷 [obsolete rent, variant of REND]

rent3 past and past part.  of REND 

rent-a- comb. form often joc.  denoting availability for hire (rent-a-van 出租篷车 ; rent-a-crowd 雇用的人群) [构词成分] [常诙]表示供租用

rentable /ˈrentəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  available or suitable for renting 可出租的，可租借的 2  giving an adequate ratio of profit to capital 收益不错的 □ rentability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

rental /ˈrent(ə)l/ n.  1  the amount paid or received as rent 租费，租金收入 2  the act of renting 出租，租赁，租借 3 N. Amer.  a rented house etc. [北美]出租(租借)的房屋 [Middle English from Anglo-French rental or Anglo-Latin rentale (as RENT1)]

rental library n. US  a library which rents books for a fee [美] (收费的)租书图书馆

rent boy n. Brit.  a young male prostitute [英]年轻男妓

renter /ˈrentə/ n.  1  a person who rents 租赁人，出租人；承租人，租户 2 Cinematog. (in the UK) a person who distributes cinema films 【电影】(英国)影片经租商 3 Brit. slang  a male prostitute [英] [俚语]男妓

rent-free adj. & adv.  with exemption from rent 免收租金的，不交租金的

rentier /ˈrɒntiei/ n.  a person living on dividends from property, investments, etc. 依靠(财产、投资等的)股息生活的人，靠收租生活的人 [French from rente ‘dividend’]

rent roll n.  the register of a landlord's lands etc. with the rents due from them; the sum of one's income from rent 租金(登记)簿，租册；租金收入总额

renumber /ri:ˈnʌmbə/ v. tr.  change the number or numbers given or allocated to 改编…号码，给…重新编号

renunciation /rinʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of renouncing or giving up 放弃，弃权，断绝关系 2  self-denial 克己，自我克制 3  a document expressing renunciation 弃权声明书，断绝关系声明书 □ renunciant  /riˈnʌnsiənt/ n. & adj.  □ renunciative  /riˈnʌnsiətiv/ adj.  □ renunciatory  /riˈnʌnʃət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French renonciation or Late Latin renuntiatio (as RENOUNCE)]

renvoi /ˈrɒnvwɑ:/ n. Law  the act or an instance of referring a case, dispute, etc. to a different jurisdiction 【法律】反致(将案件、争执等诉诸另一司法权限) [French from renvoyer ‘send back’]

reoccupy /ri:ˈɒkjʊpai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  occupy again 再占领，收复 □ reoccupation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reoccur /ri:əˈkɜ:/ v. intr. (reoccurred, reoccurring)  occur again or habitually 再次发生(出现)，习惯性发生(出现) □ reoccurrence  /-ˈkʌr(ə)ns/ n.  

reoffend /ri:əˈfend/ v. intr.  offend again; commit a further offence 再冒犯，再触犯，再犯

reopen /ri:ˈəʊp(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  open again 再次打开(开放)，再开始

reorder /ri:ˈɔ:də/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  order again 再定购；重新安排 ●n.  a renewed or repeated order for goods 再定购订单，续订单

reorganize /ri:ˈɔ:ɡ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  organize differently 改组，改编，改造 □ reorganization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reorganizer  n.  

reorient /ri:ˈɔ:rient, -ˈɒr-/ v. tr.  1  give a new direction to (ideas etc.); redirect (a thing) 给(思想)重定方向，改变(事物)方向 2  help (a person) find his or her bearings again 帮助(某人)重新找到方位 3  change the outlook of (a person) 改变(某人的)观念 4 (作 refl., often foll. by 常后跟 to)  adjust oneself to or come to terms with something 使自己适应

reorientate /ri:ˈɔ:riənteit, -ˈɒr-/ v. tr.  = REORIENT  □ reorientation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Rep. abbr. US Polit. [缩略] [美]【政】  1  a Representative in Congress 国会议员 2  a Republican 共和党人

rep1 /rep/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a representative, esp. a commercial traveller 代表(尤指商品推销员) ●v. intr. (repped, repping)  act as a representative for a company, product, etc. 作(公司或产品等的)销售员 [abbreviation]

rep2 /rep/ n. colloq. [口]  1  repertory 保留剧目，常备剧目 2  a repertory theatre or company 保留剧目专用剧场；保留剧目轮演剧团 [abbreviation]

rep3 /rep/ n. (also 亦作 repp)  a textile fabric with a corded surface, used in curtains and upholstery (用于窗帘、室内装潢的)棱纹平布 [French reps, of unknown origin]

rep4 /rep/ n. US slang  reputation [美] [俚语]名誉，名声 [abbreviation]

repack /ri:ˈpæk/ v. tr.  pack again 再次包装，再打包

repackage /ri:ˈpækidʒ/ v. tr.  1  package again or differently 再次(重新)包装 2  present in a new form 重新装饰…的外表 □ repackaging  n.  

repaginate /ri:ˈpædʒineit/ v. tr.  paginate again; renumber the pages of 给…重标页数，给…重编页码 □ repagination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

repaid past and past part.  of REPAY 

repaint v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈpeint/  1  paint again or differently 再次(重新)油漆，再次(重新)画 2  restore the paint or colouring of 恢复…原来的色彩 ●n. /ˈri:peint/  1  the act of repainting 再次(重新)油漆，再次(重新)画 2  a repainted thing, esp. a golf ball 重新涂漆的东西(尤指新漆的高尔夫球)

repair1 /riˈpɛə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  restore to good condition after damage or wear 使恢复，修复 2  renovate or mend by replacing or fixing parts or by compensating for loss or exhaustion 整修，修补，修理，修缮 3  set right or make amends for (loss, wrong, error, etc.) 弥补，补偿，补救(损失、错误、过失等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of restoring to sound condition 修复，修理  in need of repair  需要修理 closed during repair  整修期间停业 2  the result of this 修理部位  the repair is hardly visible  修补(修整)处几乎看不出来 3  good or relative condition for working or using 良好的保养状态，维修状态  must be kept in repair  必须很好地保养 in good repair  保养良好 □ repairable  adj.  □ repairer  n.   [Middle English via Old French reparer from Latin reparare (as RE-, parare ‘make ready’)]

repair2 /riˈpɛə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  resort; have recourse; go often or in great numbers or for a specific purpose 常去，(成群地)去，(为特定目的而)前往；求助  repaired to Spain  前往西班牙 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  resort 凭借，凭借的东西  have repair to  依靠，求助于 2  a place of frequent resort 常去的地方 3  popularity 流行，普及  a place of great repair  热闹的地方 [Middle English via Old French repaire(r) from Late Latin repatriare REPATRIATE]

repairman /riˈpɛəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who repairs machinery etc. (机器等的)修理工

repand /riˈpænd/ adj. Bot.  with an undulating margin; wavy 【植】(叶)边缘呈残波状的 [Latin repandus (as RE-, pandus ‘bent’)]

repaper /ri:ˈpeipə/ v. tr.  paper (a wall etc.) again 用纸重新裱糊(墙壁等)

reparable /ˈrep(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a loss etc.) that can be made good (损失等)可弥补的，可修复的，可补救的 [French from Latin reparabilis (as REPAIR1)]

reparation /repəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of making amends 弥补，补救，修复 2  a  compensation 补偿，赔偿b (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  compensation for war damage paid by the defeated state 战败国的赔款 3  the act or an instance of repairing or being repaired 修理，修补，修复 □ reparative  /ˈrep(ə)rətiv, riˈpærətiv/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin reparatio -onis (as REPAIR1)]

repartee /repɑ:ˈti:/ n.  1  the practice or faculty of making witty retorts; sharpness or wit in quick reply 巧辩，机智反驳；机智应答的才能 2  a  a witty retort 机智巧妙的应答b  witty retorts collectively (总称)机敏应答 [French repartie, fem. past part. of repartir ‘start again, reply promptly’ (as RE-, partir PART)]

repartition /ri:pɑ:ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ v. tr.  partition again 再分，再分割，重新划分(或分配)

repass /ri:ˈpɑ:s/ v. tr. & intr.  pass again, esp. on the way back (尤指归途中)再次经过 [Middle English from Old French repasser]

repast /riˈpɑ:st/ n. esp. formal [尤正式]  1  a meal, esp. of a specified kind (尤指特定的)餐，宴  a light repast  便餐 2  food and drink supplied for or eaten at a meal (就餐时的)饮食 [Middle English via Old French repaistre from Late Latin repascere repast - ‘feed’]

repat /ˈri:pæt, ri:ˈpæt/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a repatriate 被遣返回国者 2  repatriation 遣返回国 [abbreviation]

repatriate /ri:ˈpætrieit, -ˈpei-/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  restore (a person) to his or her native land 将(某人)遣返回国 2 intr.  return to one's own native land 归国 ●n.  a person who has been repatriated 被遣返回国者 □ repatriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin repatriare (as RE-, Latin patria ‘native land’)]

repay /ri:ˈpei, ri-/ v. (past and past part. repaid)  1 tr.  pay back (money) 偿还(钱)，偿付 2 tr.  return (a blow, visit, etc.) 回报，回敬(如回击、回访等) 3 tr.  make repayment to (a person) 偿付(某人) 4 tr.  make return for; requite (a service, action, etc.) 报答，酬谢(服务、行动等)  must repay their kindness  必须报答他们的恩惠 the book repays close study  这本书值得细读 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  give in recompense 报偿，酬报 6 intr.  make repayment 偿还，偿付，报答，报复 □ repayable  adj.  □ repayment  n.   [Old French repaier (as RE-, PAY1)]

repeal /riˈpi:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  revoke, rescind, or annul (a law, an Act of Parliament, etc.) 撤回，废除，取消，废止(法律、国会法案等) ●n.  the act or an instance of repealing (对法律、国会法案等的)撤回，废除，取消，废止 □ repealable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French repeler, Old French rapeler (as RE-, APPEAL)]

repeat /riˈpi:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  say or do over again 重复，重做，重说 2 tr.  recite, rehearse, or reproduce (something from memory) 背诵，复述，使再现(于脑海)  repeated a poem  背诵一首诗 3 tr.  say or report (something heard) 转述(所听之事) 4 tr.  imitate (an action etc.) 模仿(行为等) 5 intr.  recur; appear again, perhaps several times 重现，重演，复发，(多次)出现  a repeating pattern  反复出现的模式 6 tr.  used for emphasis 用以强调  am not, repeat not, going  不去，再说一遍，不去 7 intr. (of food) be tasted intermittently for some time after being swallowed as a result of belching or indigestion (食物被吞咽后由于打嗝或不消化而间歇性地)反味，有余味 8 intr. (of a watch etc.) strike the last quarter etc. over again when required (钟表等根据需要设定)连打(指重复敲响刚敲过的时刻) 9 intr. (of a firearm) fire several shots without reloading (枪炮)连发 10 intr. US  illegally vote more than once in an election [美]选举中非法再次投票 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of repeating 重复，重做(说)，重现b  a thing repeated 重复之事 often 常作 attrib.: repeat prescription  重复开的处方 2  a repeated broadcast 重播 3 Mus. 【音】  a  a passage intended to be repeated 反复部分b  a mark indicating this 反复记号 4  a pattern repeated in wallpaper etc. (墙纸等上的)重复图案 5 Commerce 【商业】  a  a consignment similar to a previous one 与上一批类似的货b  an order given for this; a reorder (同样货物的)订购，再订购 □ repeat itself   recur in the same form 重复，重演，重现□ repeat oneself   say or do the same thing over again 反复说(或做)同样的事□ repeatable  adj.  □ repeatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ repeatedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French repeter from Latin repetere (as RE-, petere ‘seek’)]

repeater /riˈpi:tə/ n.  1  a person or thing that repeats 重复做事的人；复述者，背诵者 2  a firearm which fires several shots without reloading 连发的武器 3  a watch or clock which repeats its last strike when required 连打钟，打簧钟(表)，自鸣钟 4  a device for the automatic retransmission or amplification of an electrically transmitted message 转发器，中继器，增音器 5  a railway signal lamp indicating the state of another that is invisible (铁路上的)复示信号灯(表明另一盏灯失灵)

repeating decimal n.  a recurring decimal 循环小数

repel /riˈpel/ v. tr. (repelled, repelling)  1  drive back; ward off; repulse 击退，驱逐，挡住，抵制，排斥  repel an assailant  击退来犯者 2  refuse to accept or admit (an argument etc.) 拒绝接受或承认(理由、论据等) 3  be repulsive or distasteful to 使反感，使厌恶 4  resist mixing with or admitting 与…不融和，排斥，拒纳  oil repels water  油水不相溶 surface repels moisture  表面防潮 5 (often absol. [常含宾]) (of a magnetic pole) push away from itself (磁极的)排斥  like poles repel  同极相斥 □ repeller  n.   [Middle English from Latin repellere (as RE-, pellere puls- ‘drive’)]

repellent /riˈpel(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that repels 排斥的，抵制的，驱逐的，防…的 2  disgusting, repulsive 令人厌恶的，使人反感的 ●n.  a substance that repels esp. insects etc. 驱(防)…的物质(尤指驱虫剂等) □ repellence  n.  □ repellency  n.  □ repellently  adv.   [Latin repellere (as REPEL)]

repent1 /riˈpent/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  feel deep sorrow about one's actions etc. (对自己的行为)悔恨，忏悔 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  wish one had not done, regret (one's wrong, omission, etc.); resolve not to continue (a wrongdoing etc.) (对错误、疏忽等)后悔，追悔，遗憾；悔悟，悔改 3 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 of) archaic  feel regret or penitence about [古义]使(自己)悔悟  now I repent me  我忏悔 □ repentance  n.  □ repentant  adj.  □ repenter  n.   [Middle English from Old French repentir (as RE-, pentir, ultimately from Latin paenitēre)]

repent2 /ˈri:p(ə)nt/ adj. Bot.  creeping, esp. growing along the ground or just under the surface 【植】(尤指在地面或近地表)爬行的，匍匐生根的 [Latin repere ‘creep’]

repeople /ri:ˈpi:p(ə)l/ v. tr.  repopulate 使…重新住人，移民于…

repercussion /ri:pəˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an indirect effect or reaction following an event or action 反响，影响，后果  consider the repercussions of moving  考虑一下移动的后果 2  the recoil after impact 反冲，反作用，回弹 3  an echo or reverberation 回音，回声，回响 □ repercussive  /-ˈkʌsiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French repercussion or Latin repercussio (as RE-, PERCUSSION)]

repertoire /ˈrepətwɑ:/ n.  1  a stock of pieces etc. that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to give (剧团或演员的)保留剧目，保留节目 2  a stock of regularly performed pieces, regularly used techniques, etc. 常上演的节目；经常使用的技术(手段)等  went through his repertoire of excuses  又来了一遍他惯用的借口 [French répertoire from Late Latin (as REPERTORY)]

repertory /ˈrepət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = REPERTOIRE  2  the theatrical performance of various plays for short periods by one company 保留剧目轮演；汇演 3  a  a repertory company 保留剧目轮演剧团b  repertory theatres regarded collectively 保留剧目轮演专用剧场 4  a store or collection, esp. of information, instances, etc. (尤指信息、事例等的)保存，收集 [Late Latin repertorium from Latin reperire repert- ‘find’]

repertory company n.  a theatrical company that performs plays from a repertoire 保留剧目轮演剧团

repetend /ˈrepitend, repiˈtend/ n.  1  the recurring figures of a decimal (循环小数的)循环节 2  the recurring word or phrase; a refrain 重复的词句，叠句；副歌 [Latin repetendum (as REPEAT)]

repetition /repiˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of repeating or being repeated 重复，重做(说)，反复b  the thing repeated 重复的事 2  a copy or replica 副本，复制品 3  a piece to be learnt by heart 背诵的材料 4  the ability of a musical instrument to repeat a note quickly (乐器的)复奏性能 □ repetitional  adj.  □ repetitionary  adj.   [French répétition or Latin repetitio (as REPEAT)]

repetitious /repiˈtiʃəs/ adj.  characterized by repetition, esp. when unnecessary or tiresome (尤指不必要或令人厌倦的)重复的，重复不休的，翻来覆去的 □ repetitiously  adv.  □ repetitiousness  n.  

repetitive /riˈpetitiv/ adj.  = REPETITIOUS  □ repetitively  adv.  □ repetitiveness  n.  

repetitive strain injury n.  injury arising from the prolonged use of particular muscles, esp. during keyboarding 持续使用某一部位肌肉造成的损伤(尤指键盘输入时)

rephrase /ri:ˈfreiz/ v. tr.  express in an alternative way 给…重新措辞，以别的方式表述

repine /riˈpain/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, against, for) literary  fret; be discontented [文学用语]烦恼，抱怨，不满 [RE- + PINE2, on the pattern of repent]

repique /riˈpi:k/ n. & v. ●n. (in piquet) the winning of 30 points on cards alone before beginning to play (皮克牌戏中)先赢 30 分的胜局 ●v. (repiques, repiqued, repiquing)  1 intr.  score repique 先赢 30 分 2 tr.  score repique against (another person) 先赢(对手)30 分 [French repic (as RE-, PIQUE2)]

replace /riˈpleis/ v. tr.  1  put back in place 把…放回原处 2  take the place of; succeed; be substituted for 取代，接替，代替 3  find or provide a substitute for; renew 更换，替换，更新 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, by)  fill up the place of 以…取代(接替) 5 (in passive 用被动 , often foll. by 常后跟 by)  be succeeded or have one's place filled by another; be superseded 被…接替(取代) □ replaceable  adj.  □ replacer  n.  

replacement /riˈpleism(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of replacing or being replaced 取代，接替，代替，更换 2  a person or thing that takes the place of another 代替的人(或物)，取代者，接替者

replan /ri:ˈplæn/ v. tr. (replanned, replanning)  plan again or differently 再次(重新)计划

replant /ri:ˈplɑ:nt/ v. tr.  1  transfer (a plant etc.) to a larger pot, a new site, etc. 将(植物等)移植(到大些的容器或新地方等) 2  plant (ground) again; provide with new plants 在(地上)再次种植；种植新的植物于…

replay v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈplei/  play (a match, recording, etc.) again 重新比赛(或播放等) ●n. /ˈri:plei/  the act or an instance of replaying a match, a recording, or a recorded incident in a game etc. 重赛，重播，重放

replenish /riˈpleniʃ/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fill up again 再次装(充)满 2  renew (a supply etc.) 更新(补给等) 3 (as 作 replenished adj.)  filled; fully stored or stocked; full 装(充)满的，贮满的，满的 □ replenisher  n.  □ replenishment  n.   [Middle English from Old French replenir (as RE-, plenir from plein ‘full’, from Latin plenus)]

replete /riˈpli:t/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  filled or well-supplied with 装(充)满的，充足的 2  stuffed; gorged; sated 填满的；塞饱的；满足的 □ repleteness  n.  □ repletion  n.   [Middle English from Old French replet replete or Latin repletus, past part. of replēre (as RE-, plēre plet- ‘fill’)]

replevin /riˈplevin/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the provisional restoration or recovery of distrained goods pending the outcome of trial and judgement (审判结果确定前对扣押货物的)临时归还 2  a writ granting this 临时归还令 3  the action arising from this process 临时取回，凭令状取回 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French replevir (as REPLEVY)]

replevy /riˈplevi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) Law  recover by replevin 【法律】(审判结果确定前对扣押货物)临时归还，临时取回，凭令状取回 [Old French replevir ‘recover’ (as RE-, plevir) from Germanic, related to PLEDGE]

replica /ˈreplikə/ n.  1  a duplicate of a work made by the original artist (出于原作者之手的)艺术复制品 2  a facsimile, an exact copy 摹本，复制品 3  a copy or model, esp. on a smaller scale (尤指按比例缩小的)复制品，仿样 [Italian, from replicare REPLY]

replicate v., adj. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈreplikeit/  1  repeat (an experiment etc.) 重复(实验等) 2  make a replica of 复制，摹写 3  fold back 折转，反折 ●adj. /ˈreplikət/ Bot.  folded back on itself 【植】反叠的 ●n. /ˈreplikət/ Mus.  a tone one or more octaves above or below the given tone 【音】高(或低)一个(或几个)八度音的音调 □ replicable  /ˈreplikəb(ə)l/ adj. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ replicability  /ˌreplikəˈbiliti/ n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ replicative  /ˈreplikətiv/ adj.  □ replicator  /ˈreplikeitə/ n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)   [Latin replicare (as RE-, plicare ‘fold’)]

replication /repliˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a reply or response, esp. a reply to an answer 回答，答复(尤指对回答的答复) 2 Law  the plaintiff's reply to the defendant's plea 【法律】(原告对被告抗辩的)答辩 3  a  the act or an instance of copying 复制b  a copy 复制品c  the process by which genetic material or a living organism gives rise to a copy of itself (遗传物质或有机体的)复制，再生，繁殖 [Middle English via Old French replicacion from Latin replicatio -onis (as REPLICATE)]

reply /riˈplai/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  make an answer, respond in word or action 回答，答复；应对，回击 2 tr.  say in answer 回答说  he replied, ‘Please yourself’  他答道，“请随意” ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act of replying 回答，答复；应对，回击  what did they say in reply?  他们怎么回答的？ 2  what is replied; a response 回答的话，应对的内容 3 Law 【法律】  = REPLICATION 2  □ replier  n.   [Middle English via Old French replier from Latin (as REPLICATE)]

reply coupon n.  a coupon exchangeable for stamps in any country for prepaying the reply to a letter (各国通用可兑换邮票的)回信邮资预付券

reply-paid adj.  1 (of an envelope etc.) for which the addressee undertakes to pay postage (信封等)由收信(件)人付邮资的 2 hist. (of a telegram) with the cost of a reply prepaid by the sender [史义] (电报等)回电报费(由发报人)已付的

repoint /ri:ˈpɔint/ v. tr.  point (esp. brickwork) again 重新勾嵌(尤指砖结构的)接缝

repolish /ri:ˈpɒliʃ/ v. tr.  polish again 再擦光(亮)，再磨光；再润饰

repopulate /ri:ˈpɒpjʊleit/ v. tr.  populate again or increase the population of 再移民于，增加…的人口 □ repopulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

report /riˈpɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  bring back or give an account of 报告，汇报b  state as fact or news, narrate or describe or repeat, esp. as an eyewitness or hearer etc. (尤指作为目击者或亲耳听到者等认真)陈述，讲述，描述，复述c  relate as spoken by another 转说，转述 2 tr.  make an official or formal statement about (正式地)报道 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  name or specify (an offender or offence) 告发，检举，揭发(犯人或罪行)  shall report you for insubordination  将告发你不服从 reported them to the police  向警方检举他们 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  present oneself as having returned or arrived 报到  report to the manager on arrival  一回来就向经理报到 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  take down word for word or summarize or write a description of for publication 记述，报道 6 intr.  a  make, draw up, or send in a report 做、草拟或递交报告b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  investigate as a journalist; act as a reporter (作为记者)采访，报道 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be responsible to (a superior, supervisor, etc.) 隶属，从属，向(上级、管理者等)负呈报之责  reports directly to the managing director  直接向主管经理呈报 8 tr. Parl. (of a committee chairman) announce that the committee has dealt with (a bill) [议] (委员会主席)宣布议案(或法案)处理完毕 9 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  give a report to convey that one is adversely or favourably impressed 报告(对…的印象)  reports well of the prospects  报告说前景不错 ●n.  1  an account given or opinion formally expressed after investigation or consideration (调查或考虑后正式)汇报，报告 2  a description, summary, or reproduction of an event, speech, or law case, esp. for newspaper publication or broadcast (尤指用于新闻出版或广播的，对事件、讲话、案件的)记述，简述，报道 3  common talk; rumour 传闻，流言，谣言 4  the way a person or thing is spoken of 名声，名誉  I hear a good report of you  我听到对你的赞誉 5  a periodical statement on (esp. a school pupil's) work, conduct, etc. (一段时期工作、行为等的)报告(尤指成绩报告单) 6  the sound of an explosion 爆炸声 □ report back   deliver a report to the person, organization, etc. for whom one acts etc. 向(负责人、机构等)递交汇报□ report progress   state what has been done so far 汇报进展□ reportable  adj.  □ reportedly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French reporter from Latin reportare (as RE-, portare ‘bring’)]

reportage /repɔ:ˈtɑ:ʒ, riˈpɔ:tidʒ/ n.  1  the describing of events, esp. the reporting of news etc. for the press and for broadcasting (对事件的)报道(尤指要刊登或播出的新闻报道等) 2  the typical style of this 报道文体(或风格)；报告文学 3  factual presentation in a book etc. (书本等中的)事实陈述 [REPORT, influenced by French]

reported speech n.  the speaker's words with the changes of person, tense, etc. usual in reports (e.g. 如 he said that he would go 他说他要去) (opp. 反义 DIRECT SPEECH) Also called 亦称作 indirect speech 间接引语

reporter /riˈpɔ:tə/ n.  1  a person employed to report news etc. for newspapers or broadcasts (报纸、电台或电视台的)记者 2  a person who reports 报告人，汇报人

reportorial /repɔ:ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. US  of or characteristic of newspaper reporters [美]记者的，新闻报道的 □ reportorially  adv.   [REPORTER, on the pattern of editorial]

report stage n. (in the UK) the debate on a bill in the House of Commons or House of Lords after it is reported (英国)上院或下院对提交的议案进行审议的阶段

repose1 /riˈpəʊz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the cessation of activity or excitement or toil (活动、激动或劳作的)停止，停息，平息；休息 2  sleep 睡眠 3  a peaceful or quiescent state; stillness; tranquillity 宁静，平静，静止；镇静 4 Art  a restful effect; harmonious combination 【艺术】恬静，匀称，和谐 5  composure or ease of manner 安祥，从容 ●v.  1 intr. & refl.  lie down in rest 躺，靠，休息  reposed on a sofa  躺在沙发上休息 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  lay (one's head etc.) to rest (on a pillow etc.) 将(头等)枕在(枕头等上)，将…安放在… 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, on)  lie, be lying or laid, esp. in sleep or death 躺；放置，平放；静卧(尤指沉睡或死去) 4 tr.  give rest to; refresh with rest 使休息，使(精力)恢复，使振作 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  be supported or based on 基于，依靠，有赖于 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of memory etc.) dwell on (记忆等)萦绕，停留 □ reposal  n.  □ reposeful  adj.  □ reposefully  adv.  □ reposefulness  n.   [Middle English via Old French repos(er) from Late Latin repausare (as RE-, pausare PAUSE)]

repose2 /riˈpəʊz/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  place (trust etc.) in 将(信赖等)寄托于 □ reposal  n.   [earlier = replace, restore: RE- + POSE1 suggested by Latin reponere reposit- ‘replace’ etc.]

reposition /ri:pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  move or place in a different position 挪动(或改变)…的位置 2 intr.  adjust or alter one's position 调整(或改变)某人的地位(或态度、立场等)

repository /riˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place where things are stored or may be found, esp. a warehouse or museum 贮藏处，存放处(尤指仓库或博物馆) 2  a receptacle 容器 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  a book, person, etc. regarded as a store of information etc. (被认为是信息库的)书、人等b  the recipient of confidences or secrets 亲信，知己 [obsolete French repositoire or Latin repositorium (as REPOSE2)]

repossess /ri:pəˈzes/ v. tr.  regain possession of (esp. property or goods on which repayment of a debt is in arrears) (尤指对不能如期偿付的财产或物资)收回，取回，重新拥有(占有) □ repossession  /-ˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ repossessor  n.  

repot /ri:ˈpɒt/ v. tr. (repotted, repotting)  put (a plant) in another, esp. larger, pot 将(植物)移植到(尤指较大的)容器中

repoussé /rəˈpu:sei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  hammered into relief from the reverse side 模锻的，压花的 ●n.  ornamental metalwork fashioned in this way 冲压花纹；压花金属制品 [French, past part. of repousser (as RE-, pousser PUSH)]

repp var.  of REP3  REP3 的变体

repped /rept/ adj.  having a surface like rep 表面呈棱纹的，棱纹平布面的

repr. abbr. [缩略]  1  represent, represented, etc. (被)表示，(被)表现 2  reprint, reprinted (被)再版

reprehend /repriˈhend/ v. tr.  rebuke; blame; find fault with 指责，谴责，批评；抱怨；挑剔 □ reprehension  n.   [Middle English from Latin reprehendere (as RE-, prehendere ‘seize’)]

reprehensible /repriˈhensib(ə)l/ adj.  deserving censure or rebuke; blameworthy 应受责备的，应受谴责的 □ reprehensibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ reprehensibly  adv.   [Late Latin reprehensibilis (as REPREHEND)]

re-present /ri:priˈzent/ v. tr.  present (esp. a cheque) again 再赠送；再上演；再提出；再递呈，再递交(尤指支票) □ re-presentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

represent /repriˈzent/ v. tr.  1  stand for or correspond to 代表，表示  the comment does not represent all our views  这种评论并不代表我们所有的意见 2 (often in passive 常用被动语态)  be a specimen or example of; exemplify 作为…的代表，作为…的例子  all types of people were represented in the audience  观众中有各种各样的人 3  act as an embodiment of; symbolize 体现，象征  the sovereign represents the majesty of the state  君主体现着国家的最高权威 numbers are represented by letters  用字母表示数字 4  call up in the mind by description or portrayal or imagination; place a likeness of before the mind or senses 想像；描绘，表现，使…呈现 5  serve or be meant as a likeness of 表示，意味 6  a  state by way of expostulation or persuasion (以劝说形式)陈述，指出  represented the rashness of it  指出其草率性b (foll. by 后跟 to)  try to bring (the facts influencing conduct) home to 使认清(影响行为的事实)，努力说明  represented the risks to his client  为客户讲明风险 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 as, to be)  describe or depict as; declare or make out 描绘成，描述成，宣布为，声称为  represented them as martyrs  将他们描述(或宣布)为烈士 not what you represent it to be  并不像你描述(或声称)的那样 8 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  allege 宣称，断言 9  show, or play the part of, on stage 演出，扮演 10  fill the place of; be a substitute or deputy for; be entitled to act or speak for 接替，代理，作…的代表  the Queen was represented by the Duke of Edinburgh  爱丁堡公爵代表女王 11  be elected as a Member of Parliament, member of a legislature, etc., by 被选为(议会、立法机构等的)成员；做代表  represents a rural constituency  当上乡村选民的代表 □ representable  adj.  □ representability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French representer or from Latin repraesentare (as RE-, PRESENT2)]

representation /ˌreprizenˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of representing or being represented (被)代表，代理；体现；表示，表现等 2  an image, likeness, or reproduction of a thing, e.g. a painting or drawing 图像，塑像；相似物，复制品(如绘画) 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a statement made by way of allegation or to convey opinion (表示主张或意见的)陈述 [Middle English from Old French representation or Latin repraesentatio (as REPRESENT)]

representational /ˌreprizenˈteiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of representation 代表(性)的 □ representationalism  n.  □ representationalist  adj. & n.  

representational art n.  art seeking to portray the physical appearance of a subject (力图表现主体自然面貌的)具象派艺术

representationism /ˌreprizenˈteiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine that perceived objects are only a representation of real external objects 表象主义，表象论(认为被感知的物体只是外界真实物体在心灵的表现的学说) □ representationist  n.  

representative /repriˈzentətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  typical of a class or category 典型的，有代表性的 2  containing typical specimens of all or many classes 包含各(多)种样品的，有广泛代表性的  a representative sample  有广泛代表性的样品 3  a  consisting of elected deputies etc. 由当选代表等组成的b  based on the representation of a nation etc. by such deputies 代表制的，代议制的  representative government  代议制政府 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  serving as a portrayal or symbol of 描写的，表现的，象征的  representative of their attitude to work  表现他们的工作态度的 5  that presents or can present ideas to the mind (能)表示的，(能)表现的  imagination is a representative faculty  想像是一种表现能力 6 (of art) representational (艺术)具象派的 ●n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a sample, specimen, or typical embodiment or analogue of 样本，样品，代表物；典型 2  a  the agent of a person or society 代理人，代理商b  a commercial traveller 商品推销员 3  a delegate; a substitute 代表；替代者，代用品 4  a deputy in a representative assembly (大会)代表 □ representatively  adv.  □ representativeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French representatif -ive or medieval Latin repraesentativus (as REPRESENT)]

repress /riˈpres/ v. tr.  1  a  check; restrain; keep under; quell 制止；约束，抑制，压制；镇压b  suppress; prevent from sounding, rioting, or bursting out 压制，制止，平息 2  a  suppress or control (thoughts, desires, etc.) in oneself or another 抑制或控制(自己或别人的想法、欲望等)b Psychol.  actively exclude (an unwelcome thought) from conscious awareness 【心】将(不可接受的念头)压入潜意识，压抑 3 (usu. as 通常作 repressed adj.)  subject (a person) to the suppression of his or her thoughts or impulses 使(某人)受压抑 □ represser  n.  □ repressible  adj.  □ repression  /-ˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ repressive  adj.  □ repressively  adv.  □ repressiveness  n.   [Middle English from Latin reprimere (as RE-, premere PRESS1)]

repressor /riˈpresə/ n. Biochem.  a substance which acts on an operon to inhibit enzyme synthesis 【生化】阻遏物

reprice /ri:ˈprais/ v. tr.  price again or differently 再次(重新)定价

reprieve /riˈpri:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  relieve or rescue from impending punishment 缓刑，缓解b  remit, commute, or postpone the execution of (a condemned person) (对犯人)减免用刑，减刑；暂缓用刑 2  give respite to 暂缓 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of reprieving or being reprieved (被)缓刑，(被)减缓，(被)暂缓b  a warrant for this 缓刑令 2  respite; a respite or temporary escape 暂时缓解，暂时解救 [Middle English as past part. repryed from Anglo-French & Old French repris, past part. of reprendre (as RE-, prendre from Latin prehendere ‘take’) : 16th-c. -v- unexplained]

reprimand /ˈreprimɑ:nd/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  an official or sharp rebuke (for a fault etc.) (对过错等)正式或尖锐的申斥，谴责，训斥，斥责 ●v. tr.  administer this to 谴责，申斥，训斥，斥责 [French réprimande via Spanish reprimenda from Latin reprimenda, neut. pl. gerundive of reprimere REPRESS]

reprint v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈprint/  print again 再版 ●n. /ˈri:print/  1  the act or an instance of reprinting a book etc. (图书等的)再版 2  a  a book etc. reprinted 再版的图书等，再版本b  an offprint 单行本，选刊 3  the quantity reprinted 再版数量 □ reprinter  n.  

reprisal /riˈpraiz(ə)l/ n.  1  an act of retaliation 报复 2 hist.  the forcible seizure of a foreign subject or his or her goods as an act of retaliation [史义] (对别国或别人财物的)报复性掳掠 [Middle English (in sense 2) via Anglo-French reprisaille from medieval Latin reprisalia, from repraehensalia (as REPREHEND)]

reprise /riˈpri:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a repeated passage in music (音乐中的)反复部分 2  a repeated item in a musical programme (音乐节目中的)重奏，再现部 ●v. tr.  repeat (a performance, song, etc.); restage, rewrite 重新(演出、歌唱等)，重新上演；重写 [French, fem. past part. of reprendre (see REPRIEVE)]

repro /ˈri:prəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  a reproduction or copy [口]复制品 [abbreviation]

reproach /riˈprəʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  express disapproval to (a person) for a fault etc. 责备(某人) 2  scold; rebuke; censure 责骂，指责，责难 3 archaic  rebuke (an offence) [古义]指责(冒犯) ●n.  1  a rebuke or censure 指责，责难  heaped reproaches on them  对他们横加指责 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a thing that brings disgrace or discredit 使人蒙羞的事物  their behaviour is a reproach to us all  他们的行为是我们大家的耻辱 3  a disgraced or discredited state 丢脸，羞耻  live in reproach and ignominy  含耻忍辱地活着 4 (in pl. 用复数) RC Ch.  a set of antiphons and responses for Good Friday representing the reproaches of Christ to his people 【天主教】谴责曲，应答圣歌(耶稣受难日时交替唱的圣歌，歌中以耶稣的口吻训诫世人) □ above (or beyond) reproach   perfect. 完美的□ reproachable  adj.  □ reproacher  n.  □ reproachingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French reproche (n.), reprocher (v.) from Romanic (as RE-, Latin prope ‘near’)]

reproachful /riˈprəʊtʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  full of or expressing reproach (表示)责备的 □ reproachfully  adv.  □ reproachfulness  n.  

reprobate /ˈreprəbeit/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  an unprincipled person; a person of highly immoral character 恶棍，道德败坏的人 2  a person who is condemned by God 被上帝谴责(责罚)的人 ●adj.  1  immoral 不道德的 2  hardened in sin 邪恶的，罪恶深重的 ●v. tr.  1  express or feel disapproval of; censure 不满；责备，责难，谴责 2 (of God) condemn; exclude from salvation (上帝)谴责，不予拯救 □ reprobation  /-ˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin reprobare reprobat- ‘disapprove’ (as RE-, probare ‘approve’)]

reprocess /ri:ˈprəʊses/ v. tr.  process again or differently 再次(重新)加工，处理

reproduce /ri:prəˈdju:s/ v.  1 tr.  produce a copy or representation of 复制 2 tr.  cause to be seen or heard etc. again 使再次被看到(或听到等)，使重现  tried to reproduce the sound exactly  试图将声音准确再现 3 intr.  produce further members of the same species by natural means (自然)生殖 4 refl.  produce offspring 繁殖，繁衍  reproduced itself several times  繁殖几次 5 intr.  give a specified quality or result when copied 复制时产生某种特定的质量或效果  reproduces badly in black and white  以黑白形式复制的效果不好 6 tr. Biol.  form afresh (a lost part etc. of the body) 【生】(身体损伤部分)再生 □ reproducer  n.  □ reproducible  adj.  □ reproducibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ reproducibly  adv.  

reproduction /ri:prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reproducing 复制，再现；生殖，繁殖；再生 2  a copy of a work of art, esp. a print or photograph of a painting (艺术作品的)复制品(尤指绘画的印制品或照片) 3 (作 attrib.) (of furniture etc.) made in imitation of a certain style or of an earlier period (家具等)仿制的，仿古的 4  the quality of reproduced sound 声音播放效果 □ reproductive  adj.  □ reproductively  adv.  □ reproductiveness  n.  

reprogram /ri:ˈprəʊɡræm/ v. tr. (also 亦作 reprogramme) (reprogrammed, reprogramming)  program (esp. a computer) again or differently 再次(重新)编制(尤指电脑)程序，改编(尤指电脑)程序 □ reprogrammable  adj.  

reprographics /ri:prəˈɡræfiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  = REPROGRAPHY 

reprography /riˈprɒɡrəfi/ n.  the science and practice of copying documents by photography, xerography, etc. 复制(术) (指通过摄影或静电印刷来复制文件) □ reprographer  n.  □ reprographic  /ri:prəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ reprographically  /ri:prəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [REPRODUCE + -GRAPHY]

reproof1 /riˈpru:f/ n.  1  blame 责备  a glance of reproof  责备的一瞥 2  a rebuke; words expressing blame 指责；责备的言辞 [Middle English from Old French reprove, from reprover REPROVE]

reproof2 /ri:ˈpru:f/ v. tr.  1 Brit.  render (a coat etc.) waterproof again [英]再次使(外套等)防水 2  make a fresh proof of (printed matter etc.) 重新(给印制品等)打样

reprove /riˈpru:v/ v. tr.  rebuke (a person, a person's conduct, etc.) 责备，谴责(某人或某人的行为等) □ reprovable  adj.  □ reprover  n.  □ reprovingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French reprover from Late Latin reprobare ‘disapprove’: see REPROBATE]

reptile /ˈreptail/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any cold-blooded scaly animal of the class Reptilia, including snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, tortoises, etc. 爬行动物(包括蛇、蜥蜴、鳄鱼、海龟、龟等的有鳞冷血动物) 2  a mean, grovelling, or repulsive person 小人，卑劣的人，令人反感的人 ●adj.  1 (of an animal) creeping (动物)爬行的 2  mean, grovelling, repulsive 卑鄙的，卑躬屈节的，令人反感的 □ reptilian  /-ˈtiliən/ adj. & n.   [Middle English via Late Latin reptilis from Latin repere rept- ‘crawl’]

republic /riˈpʌblik/ n.  1  a state in which supreme power is held by the people or their elected representatives or by an elected or nominated president, not by a monarch etc. 共和国 2  a society with equality between its members (成员享有平等权利的)团体，界  the literary republic  文学界 [French république from Latin respublica, from res ‘concern’ + publicus PUBLIC]

republican /riˈpʌblik(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or constituted as a republic 共和国的，共和政体的 2  characteristic of a republic 共和的，共和国特色的 3  advocating or supporting republican government 宣扬或支持共和政府的 ●n.  1  a person advocating or supporting republican government 宣扬或支持共和政府的人 2 (作 Republican) (in the US) a member or supporter of the Republican Party (美国)共和党人，共和党支持者 3 (also 亦作 Republican)  an advocate of a united Ireland 爱尔兰共和主义者 □ republicanism  n.  

Republican Party n.  one of the two main US political parties, favouring a lesser degree of central power (cf. 参见 DEMOCRATIC PARTY) 共和党(美国两大主要政党之一，反对中央集权)

Republic Day n.  the day on which the foundation of a republic is commemorated; (in India) 26 Jan. 共和纪念日(各国为纪念共和国成立而设定的节日，印度为 1 月 26 日)

Republic of Congo   刚果(布)

Republic of Ireland   爱尔兰共和国

Republic of Korea   韩国

republish /ri:ˈpʌbliʃ/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  publish again or in a new edition etc. 重新发表，再版 □ republication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

repudiate /riˈpju:dieit/ v. tr.  1  a  disown; disavow; reject 不承认，不接受，拒绝b  refuse dealings with 拒绝与…做交易c  deny 否认 2  refuse to recognize or obey (authority or a treaty) 拒绝承认(或遵守) (权威或协约) 3  refuse to discharge (an obligation or debt) 拒绝履行(义务)；拒绝清偿(债务) 4 (esp. of the ancients or non-Christians) divorce (one's wife) (尤指古人或非基督徒)休(妻) □ repudiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ repudiator  n.   [Latin repudiare from repudium ‘divorce’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REFUTE. 见 REFUTE 的用法说明。 

repugnance /riˈpʌɡnəns/ n. (also 亦作 repugnancy /-ənsi/)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, against)  antipathy; aversion 厌恶，反感 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, between, to, with)  inconsistency or incompatibility of ideas, statements, etc. (观念、陈述等前后的)不符，不一致，不相容，矛盾；抵触 [Middle English (in sense 2) from French répugnance or Latin repugnantia, from repugnare ‘oppose’ (as RE-, pugnare ‘fight’)]

repugnant /riˈpʌɡnənt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  extremely distasteful 令人极其厌恶(或反感)的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  contradictory 矛盾的，对立的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  incompatible 不相容的，矛盾的，冲突的，抵触的 4 poet.  refractory; resisting [诗]难以驾驭的，反抗的 □ repugnantly  adv.   [Middle English from French répugnant or Latin (as REPUGNANCE)]

repulse /riˈpʌls/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  drive back (an attack or attacking enemy) by force of arms (以武力)击退，驱逐(进攻或进攻的敌人) 2  a  rebuff (friendly advances or their maker) 回绝(某人的友好举动)b  refuse (a request or offer or its maker) 拒绝(某人的要求、提议) 3  be repulsive to, repel 使厌恶，使产生反感 4  foil in controversy (在争论中)挫败 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of repulsing or being repulsed 击退 2  a rebuff 回绝，拒绝 [Latin repellere repuls- ‘drive back’ (as REPEL)]

repulsion /riˈpʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  aversion; disgust 厌恶，反感 2 esp. Physics  the force by which bodies tend to repel each other or increase their mutual distance (opp. 反义 ATTRACTION) (尤)【物理学】(物体间相互的)推斥力，排斥力 [Late Latin repulsio (as REPEL)]

repulsive /riˈpʌlsiv/ adj.  1  causing aversion or loathing; loathsome, disgusting 令人厌恶的，使人憎恶的，讨厌的 2 Physics  exerting repulsion 【物理学】产生排斥力的 3 archaic (of behaviour etc.) cold, unsympathetic [古义] (行为等)冷淡的，冷漠无情的 □ repulsively  adv.  □ repulsiveness  n.   [French répulsif -ive, or from REPULSE]

repurchase /ri:ˈpɜ:tʃis/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  purchase again 再次购买 ●n.  the act or an instance of purchasing again 再次购买

repurify /ri:ˈpjʊərifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  purify again 再次纯化 □ repurification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reputable /ˈrepjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  of good repute; respectable 声誉好的，有名望的，可敬的 □ reputably  adv.   [obsolete French, or from medieval Latin reputabilis (as REPUTE)]

reputation /repjʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  what is generally said or believed about a person's or thing's character or standing 名气，名声  has a reputation for dishonesty  有不诚实的名声 2  the state of being well thought of; distinction; respectability 美名，声望，名誉，名望  an international reputation in her field  在她的领域内有国际声望 3 (foll. by 后跟 of, for + verbal noun)  credit, fame, or notoriety 信誉，名声，恶名  has the reputation of driving hard bargains  以善于讨价还价而闻名 [Middle English from Latin reputatio (as REPUTE)]

repute /riˈpju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  reputation 名气，名声  known by repute  闻名的，知名的 ●v. tr.  1 (as 作 reputed adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  be generally considered or reckoned 被公认为  is reputed to be the best  被普遍认为最好 2 (as 作 reputed adj.)  passing as being, but probably not being 被认为的，据说的  his reputed father  据说是他父亲的那个人 □ reputedly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French reputer or Latin reputare (as RE-, putare ‘think’)]

repêchage /ˈrepəʃɑ:ʒ/ n. (in rowing etc.) an extra contest in which the runners-up in the eliminating heats compete for a place in the final (划船等比赛中预赛落选者之间为争夺决赛权而进行的)加赛 [French repêcher ‘fish out, rescue’]

request /riˈkwest/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of asking for something; a petition (要得到某物的)要求，请求，恳求  came at his request  应他的要求而来 2  a thing asked for 被要求的东西 3  the state of being sought after; demand 需要，需求  in great request  需求强烈 4  a  a letter etc. asking for a particular record etc. to be played on a radio programme, often with a personal message 点播(某唱片等的)信件等b  the record etc. played in response to such a letter etc. (根据点播信件等播出的)点播唱片等 ●v. tr.  1  ask to be given or allowed or favoured with 要求得到(准许或赞同)  request a hearing  要求听证或听审 requests your presence  要求你出席 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  ask a person to do something 要求某人做某事  requested her to answer  要求她回答 3 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  ask that 要求 □ by (or on) request   in response to an expressed wish 应(…的)要求(或请求)□ requester  n.   [Middle English from Old French requeste (n.), requester (v.), ultimately from Latin requaerere (as REQUIRE)]

request programme n.  a radio etc. programme composed of items requested by the audience (听众)点播的节目

request stop n. Brit.  a stop at which a bus halts only on a passenger's request [英] (根据乘客要求而停车的)招呼站

requiem /ˈrekwiəm, -iem/ n.  1 (作 Requiem) (also 亦作 attrib.) esp. RC Ch.  a Mass for the repose of the souls of the dead (尤)【天主教】(让死者灵魂安息的)安魂弥撒 2 Mus.  a musical setting for this 【音】(安魂弥撒中的)安魂曲 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a memorial 纪念物，纪念仪式  his book was a fitting requiem  他的书是合适的纪念物 [Middle English, from the accusative of Latin requies ‘rest’, the initial word of the Mass]

requiem shark n.  a shark of the family Carcharinidae, which includes some large voracious sharks such as tiger sharks and whaler sharks 真鲨(包括虎鲨、鲸鲨等的大型凶猛鲨鱼) [from obsolete French requiem, variant of requin ‘shark’, influenced by REQUIEM]

requiescat /rekwiˈeskæt/ n.  a wish or prayer for the repose of a dead person 安魂祷告 [Latin, = may he or she rest (in peace)]

require /riˈkwaiə/ v. tr.  1  need; depend on for success or fulfilment 需要；有赖于，取决于  the work requires much patience  这项工作需要耐心 2  lay down as an imperative 要求，规定  did all that was required by law  按法律规定办理一切 3  command; instruct (a person etc.) 命令，指挥，指示(某人等) 4  order; insist on (an action or measure) 命令；坚持要求(执行某行为或措施) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, from, or that + clause)  demand (of or from a person) as a right 要求(从某人)获得某种权利 6  wish to have 想要得到  is there anything else you require?  你还想要别的东西吗？ □ requirer  n.  □ requirement  n.   [Middle English from Old French requere, ultimately from Latin requirere (as RE-, quaerere ‘seek’)]

requisite /ˈrekwizit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  required by circumstances; necessary to success etc. 需要的，必要的 ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a thing needed (for some purpose) (要达到某种目的的)必需品，必要条件 □ requisitely  adv.   [Middle English from Latin requisitus, past part. of requirere (as REQUIRE)]

requisition /rekwiˈziʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an official order laying claim to the use of property or materials (官方对财产与物资的)征用令 2  a formal written demand that some duty should be performed (要求履行某些义务的)正式书面要求 3  being called or put into service 被征用(使用) ●v. tr.  demand the use or supply of, esp. by requisition order (尤指通过征用令)征用，征求供给 □ under (or in) requisition   being used or applied 正被使用，正被需求□ requisitioner  n.  □ requisitionist  n.   [French réquisition or Latin requisitio (as REQUIRE)]

requite /riˈkwait/ v. tr.  1  make return for (a service) 回报，报答(服务) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  reward or avenge (a favour or injury) 报答(或酬谢恩惠)；报复(伤害) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make return to (a person) 报答(某人)；报复(某人) 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, with)  repay with good or evil 回报  requite like for like  给以相应回报，一报还一报 requite hate with love  以德报怨 □ requital  n.   [RE- + quite, variant of QUIT]

reran past  of RERUN  

reread v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈri:d/ (past and past part. reread /-ˈred/)  read again 再读，重读 ●n. /ˈri:ri:d/  an instance of reading again 再读，重读 □ re-readable  adj.  

re-record /ri:riˈkɔ:d/ v. tr.  record again 再录制

reredos /ˈriədɒs/ n. Eccl.  an ornamental screen covering the wall at the back of an altar 【教会】(圣坛背后的)装饰屏风 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French areredos, from arere ‘behind’ + dos ‘back’: cf. ARREARS]

re-release /ri:riˈli:s/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  release (a record, film, etc.) again 再发行(唱片、影片等) ●n.  a re-released record, film, etc. 再发行的唱片(影片等)

re-roof /ri:ˈru:f/ v. tr.  provide (a building etc.) with a new roof 为(建筑物等)盖新房顶

re-route /ri:ˈru:t/ v. tr. (-routeing or -routing)  send or carry by a different route 按新的路线运(寄)送

rerun v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈrʌn/ (rerunning; past reran; past part. rerun)  run (a race, film, etc.) again 再次赛跑；再放映；再进行 ●n. /ˈri:rʌn/  1  the act or an instance of rerunning 再次赛跑；再放映；再进行 2  a film, television programme, etc. shown again 再次播放的影片(或电视节目等)

resale /ri:ˈseil/ n.  the sale of a thing previously bought 再卖，转售 □ resaleable  adj. (also 亦作 resalable)  

resale price maintenance n. Brit.  a manufacturer's practice of setting a minimum resale price for goods [英]最低转售价(厂商对产品最低转售价格的规定)

resat past and past part.  of RESIT 

reschedule /ri:ˈʃedju:l, -ˈsked-/ v. tr.  alter the schedule of; replan 更改…的时间表，重新计划

rescind /riˈsind/ v. tr.  abrogate, revoke, cancel 废除，撤销，取消 □ rescindable  adj.  □ rescission  /-ˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin rescindere resciss- (as RE-, scindere ‘cut’)]

rescript /ˈri:skript/ n.  1 Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  an emperor's written reply to an appeal for guidance, esp. on a legal point 皇帝的书面答复(尤指对法律问题的请示) 2 RC Ch.  the Pope's decision on a question of doctrine or papal law 【天主教】教皇对有关教规的问题做出的决定 3  an official edict or announcement 法令，政令，布告 4  a  the act or an instance of rewriting 重写，改写b  the thing rewritten 重写(改写)本 [Latin rescriptum, neut. past part. of rescribere rescript- (as RE-, scribere ‘write’)]

rescue /ˈreskju:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (rescues, rescued, rescuing)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  save or set free or bring away from attack, custody, danger, or harm 解救，援救，营救，搭救，救出 2 Law 【法律】  a  unlawfully liberate (a person) 非法释放，劫出(某人)b  forcibly recover (property) 强行夺回(财物) ●n.  the act or an instance of rescuing or being rescued; deliverance 解救，援救，营救，搭救，救出；释放 □ rescuable  adj.  □ rescuer  n.   [Middle English rescowe via Old French rescoure from Romanic, formed as RE- + Latin excutere ‘shake out, discard’ (as EX-1, quatere ‘shake’)]

rescue bid n. Bridge  a bid made to get one's partner out of a difficult situation 【桥牌】(使同伴脱离困境的)逃叫

reseal /ri:ˈsi:l/ v. tr.  seal again 再次封口(密封) □ resealable  adj.  

research /riˈsɜ:tʃ, ˈri:sɜ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc., in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions 调查，研究b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an endeavour to discover new or collate old facts etc. by the scientific study of a subject or by a course of critical investigation (科学的或严谨的)调研工作 2 (作 attrib.)  engaged in or intended for research 从事研究的，用于研究的  research assistant  助理研究员 ●v.  1 tr.  do research into or for 对…进行研究，为…而研究 2 intr.  make researches 研究 □ researchable  adj.  □ researcher  n.   [obsolete French recerche (as RE-, SEARCH)]■Usage 用法说明 The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect in standard British English by some people, especially when used for the noun. 有些人认为重音落在第一音节的读法(上面所给的第二种注音)不符合标准英式发音(特别是用作名词时)。 

research and development n. (in industry etc.) work directed towards the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products and processes (产品、工艺等的)研究和开发，研发

reseat /ri:ˈsi:t/ v. tr.  1 (also 亦作 refl.)  seat (oneself, a person, etc.) again 使(自己或别人)再次就座 2  provide with a fresh seat or seats 为…设新座位 3  realign or repair in order to fit (a tap, nail, etc.) into its former correct position (通过重新调整或修理)使(水龙头、钉子等)复位

resect /riˈsekt/ v. tr. Surgery 【外科】  1  cut out part of (a lung etc.) 部分切除(肺等) 2  pare down (bone, cartilage, etc.) 削去(骨、软骨等) □ resection  n.  □ resectional  adj.  □ resectionist  n.   [Latin resecare resect- (as RE-, secare ‘cut’)]

reseda /ˈresidə, riˈsi:də/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any plant of the genus Reseda, with sweet-scented flowers, e.g. a mignonette 木犀草属植物(花芳香) 2 /also 亦作 ˈrez-/  the pale green colour of mignonette flowers (木犀草花一样的)淡绿色 ●adj.  pale green 淡绿色的 [Latin, perhaps from imperative of resedare ‘assuage’, with reference to its supposed curative powers]

reseed /ri:ˈsi:d/ v. tr.  sow (an area of land) with seed again, esp. grass seed 再播种(尤指播撒草籽)于

reselect /ri:siˈlekt/ v. tr.  select again or differently 再次(重新)选择 □ reselection  n.  

resell /ri:ˈsel/ v. tr. (past and past part. resold)  sell (an object etc.) after buying it 转售，转卖 □ reseller  n.  

resemblance /riˈzembl(ə)ns/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, between, of)  a likeness or similarity 相似物；相似之处，相似性 □ resemblant  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French (as RESEMBLE)]

resemble /riˈzemb(ə)l/ v. tr.  be like; have a similarity to, or features in common with, or the same appearance as 与…相似(类似)，像 □ resembler  n.   [Middle English from Old French resembler (as RE-, sembler from Latin similare, from similis ‘like’)]

resent /riˈzent/ v. tr.  show or feel indignation at; be aggrieved by (a circumstance, action, or person) 对…表示(或感到)愤怒，对(某情形、行动或某人)感到愤恨或不平  we resent being patronized  我们讨厌(他们)屈尊俯就的样子 [obsolete French resentir (as RE-, Latin sentire ‘feel’)]

resentful /riˈzentfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  feeling resentment 充满愤恨(怨恨)的 □ resentfully  adv.  □ resentfulness  n.  

resentment /riˈzentm(ə)nt/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, of)  indignant or bitter feelings; anger 愤恨，怨恨，愤怒 [Italian risentimento or French ressentiment (as RESENT)]

reserpine /riˈsɜ:pi:n/ n.  an alkaloid obtained from plants of the genus Rauwolfia, used as a tranquillizer and in the treatment of hypertension 利血平(一种取自萝芙木属植物的生物碱，用作镇定剂或降压药) [German Reserpin, from modern Latin species name Rauwolfia serpentina (named after L. Rauwolf, German botanist d. 1596)]

reservation /rezəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reserving or being reserved 保留，保存，储备 2  a booking (of a room, berth, seat, etc.) (房间、铺位、座位等的)预订 3  the thing booked, e.g. a room in a hotel 预订的东西(如旅馆房间) 4  an express or tacit limitation or exception to an agreement etc. (协议等的)保留条款，限制条件，例外条款  had reservations about the plan  对计划有保留意见 5 (in full 全称 central reservation) Brit.  a strip of land between the carriageways of a road [英] (车道间的)中央分车带，路中预留地带 6  an area of land reserved for occupation by N. American Indians, Australian Aboriginals, etc. (北美印第安人、澳洲土著居民的)居留地，保留地 7  a  a right or interest retained in an estate being conveyed (不动产转让时原主人仍)保留的权利或利益b  the clause reserving this (上述权力或利益的)保留条款 8 Eccl. 【教会】  a  the practice of retaining for some purpose a portion of the Eucharistic elements (esp. the bread) after celebration 庆典后部分圣餐(为某种用途)的保留b RC Ch.  the power of absolution reserved to a superior 【天主教】(高级圣职人员的)赦罪权的保留c RC Ch.  the right reserved to the Pope of nomination to a vacant benefice 【天主教】(教皇对空缺圣职的)任命权的保留 [Middle English from Old French reservation or Late Latin reservatio (as RESERVE)]

re-serve /ri:ˈsɜ:v, ˈri:sɜ:v/ v. tr. & intr.  serve again 再次为…服务，再服役，再任职

reserve /riˈzɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  postpone, put aside, keep back for a later occasion or special use 储备，留存，保留 2  order to be specially retained or allocated for a particular person or at a particular time 把…专门留给某人，把…专门留下供在某时间用 3  retain or secure, esp. by formal or legal stipulation (尤指通过正式或法律规定)保留，获得  reserve the right to  保留…的权利 4  postpone delivery of (judgement etc.) 推迟作出，暂时不作(判断等)  reserved my comments until the end  直到最后才作出评价 ●n.  1  a thing reserved for future use; an extra stock or amount 储备物，储备量  a great reserve of strength  强大的兵力储备 huge energy reserves  巨大的能量储备 2  a limitation, qualification, or exception attached to something 限制，限定条件，例外  accept your offer without reserve  无条件接受你们的提议(或报盘) 3  a  self-restraint; reticence; lack of cordiality 自制，拘谨，沉默寡言，矜持  difficult to overcome his reserve  难以克服他的拘谨b (in artistic or literary expression) absence from exaggeration or ill-proportioned effects (文学或艺术表现中)不夸张，严谨 4 Brit.  a company's profit added to capital [英]资本准备金(追加到资本中的公司利润) 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  assets kept readily available as cash or at a central bank, or as gold or foreign exchange (指以现金、中央银行存款、黄金或外汇形式预留，随时可以使用的)储备金，准备金  reserve currency  储备货币 6 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  troops withheld from action to reinforce or protect others 增援部队b  forces in addition to the regular army, navy, air force, etc., but available in an emergency (陆、海、空军等正规部队以外的)后备军 7  a member of the military reserve 增援部队士兵；后备军士兵 8  a  an extra player chosen to be a possible substitute in a team 替补队员b (in pl. 用复数 : prec. by 前接 the)  the second-choice team 预备队 9  a place reserved for special use, esp. 专用地，尤指 :a  as a habitat for a native people 保留地  Indian reserve  印第安人的保留地b  for wildlife 野生动物保护区  nature reserve  自然保护区 10  the intentional suppression of the truth 保密，隐瞒  exercised a certain amount of reserve  做了一些隐瞒 11 (in the decoration of ceramics or textiles) an area which still has the original colour of the material or the colour of the background 防染区，本色区，底色区(陶瓷或纺织品染色中保留材料原色或背景底色的区域) □ in reserve   unused and available if required 留用的，备用的□ with all (or all proper) reserve   without endorsing 有极大保留地，完全不保证真实地□ reservable  adj.  □ reserver  n.   [Middle English via Old French reserver from Latin reservare (as RE-, servare ‘keep’)]

reserved /riˈzɜ:vd/ adj.  1  reticent; slow to reveal emotion or opinions; uncommunicative 沉默寡言的，拘谨的，矜持的，不爱说话的 2  a  set apart, destined for some use or fate 预订的，留作专用的，注定的b (often foll. by 常后跟 for, to)  left by fate for; falling first or only to 注定的，留着专门(或优先)用于…的 □ reservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ reservedness  n.  

reserved occupation n. Brit.  an occupation from which a person will not be taken for military service [英]免于被征兵的职业

reserve grade n. Austral.  a second-grade team [澳]乙级队

reserve price n.  the lowest acceptable price stipulated for an item sold at an auction 保留价格，最低价格(拍卖时确定的最低售价，低于此价时货物保留不售)

reservist /riˈzɜ:vist/ n.  a member of the reserve forces 预备役军人，后备部队士兵

reservoir /ˈrezəvwɑ:/ n.  1  a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply (天然或人工的)水库 2  a  any natural or artificial receptacle esp. for or of fluid (天然或人工的)蓄水池，贮水器，贮液器b  a place where fluid etc. collects 流体等的聚集处 3  a part of a machine etc. holding fluid (机器等贮存流体的)贮存器，容器 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a reserve or supply, esp. of information (尤指信息的)储藏；宝库 [French réservoir from réserver RESERVE]

reset /ri:ˈset/ v. tr. (resetting; past and past part. reset)  set (a broken bone, gems, a mechanical device, etc.) again or differently 重新使(断骨、宝石、器件等)复位(装好或调好等) □ resettable  adj.  □ resettability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

resettle /ri:ˈset(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  settle again in a new or former place (在新地方或原来的地方)重新定居，使再定居 □ resettlement  n.  

reshape /ri:ˈʃeip/ v. tr.  shape or form again or differently 使再次(重新)成形，改组

reshuffle v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈʃʌf(ə)l/  1  shuffle (cards) again 再洗(牌) 2  interchange the posts of (government ministers etc.) 改组，调整(政府部长等)职位 ●n. /ˈri:ʃʌf(ə)l/  the act or an instance of reshuffling 改组，调整职位

reside /riˈzaid/ v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, abroad, etc.) (of a person) have one's home, dwell permanently (人)居住，定居 2 (of power, a right, etc.) rest or be vested in (权力、权利等)归属于 3 (of an incumbent official) be in residence (在职官员)驻在 4 (foll. by 后跟 in) (of a quality) be present or inherent in (品质或性质)存在于 [Middle English, probably a back-formation fromRESIDENT influenced by French résider or Latin residēre (as RE-, sedēre ‘sit’)]

residence /ˈrezid(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of residing 居住，定居；归属；驻留；存在 2  a  the place where a person resides; an abode 住所，住处b  the official house of a government minister etc. 官邸c  a mansion 大厦，大宅  their London residence is impressive  他们在伦敦的大宅给人印象很深 □ in residence   living in or occupying a specified place, esp. for the performance of duties or work (尤指因履行职责或工作)住在某地的 [Middle English via Old French residence or medieval Latin residentia from Latin residēre: see RESIDE]

residency /ˈrezid(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = RESIDENCE 1, 2a  2 N. Amer.  a period of specialized medical training; the position of a resident [北美]专门住院培训(实习)期；住院医生的职位 3 hist. [史义]  a  the official residence of the Governor-General's representative or other government agent at the court of an Indian state (印度总督派驻各邦代表或各邦政府机构的)官邸b  the territory supervised by this official (上述代表或政府机构的)管辖区域 4 Brit.  a musician's regular engagement at a club etc. [英] (乐师在俱乐部等处的)常驻演出 5  a group or organization of intelligence agents in a foreign country 驻外情报机构(特工组)

resident /ˈrezid(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  a permanent inhabitant (of a town or neighbourhood) (城镇或临近区域的)常住居民b  a bird belonging to a species that does not migrate 留鸟 2  a Brit.  a guest in a hotel etc. staying overnight [英] (旅馆等的)住客，寄宿者b US  a person who boards at a boarding school [美]住校生，寄宿生 3 hist.  a British government agent in any semi-independent state, esp. the Governor-General's agent at the court of an Indian state [史义] (英国派往各半独立的邦或州的)政府代表(尤指印度总督派往各邦的代表) 4 N. Amer.  a medical graduate engaged in specialized practice under supervision in a hospital [北美]住院实习医生 5  an intelligence agent in a foreign country 驻外情报人员(特工) ●adj.  1  residing; in residence 定居的，居住的，常驻的 2  a  having quarters on the premises of one's work etc. (因工作而在某处)有住所的，住院(或住校等)的  resident housekeeper  住在雇主家的管家 resident doctor  住院医生b  working regularly in a particular place 经常在某地工作的 3  located; inherent 存在于…的  powers of feeling are resident in the nerves  感知能力存在于神经中 4 (of birds etc.) non-migratory (鸟等)无迁徙习性的 □ residentship  n. (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3)   [Middle English from Old French or Latin: see RESIDE]

residential /reziˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  suitable for or occupied by private houses 适于居住的，住宅的  residential area  居住区 2  used as a residence 作住所用的  residential hotel  公寓旅馆 3  based on or connected with residence 居住的，与居住有关的  the residential qualification for voters  选民必须具备的居民资格 a residential course of study  必须住校攻读的课程 □ residentially  adv.  

residentiary /reziˈdenʃ(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, subject to, or requiring, official residence 有关任地的，任所的，必须(要求)驻在任所的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  an ecclesiastic who must officially reside in a place 驻堂教士 [medieval Latin residentiarius (as RESIDENCE)]

residua pl.  of RESIDUUM  

residual /riˈzidjʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  remaining; left as a residue or residuum 剩余的，残存的，残留的 2 Math.  resulting from subtraction 【数】(被减去后)剩余的 3 (in calculation) still unaccounted for or not eliminated (计算中)余下的，尚未被消去的 ●n.  1  a quantity left over or Math. resulting from subtraction 剩余量；【数】(被减去后的)剩余，差 2  an error in calculation not accounted for or eliminated 余差，残差 □ residually  adv.  

residuary /riˈzidjʊəri/ adj.  1  of the residue of an estate 剩余财产的  residuary bequest  余产遗赠 2  of or being a residuum; residual; still remaining 剩余的，残留的，残存的

residue /ˈrezidju:/ n.  1  what is left over or remains; a remainder; the rest 残留物，剩余物，其余的部分 2 Law  what remains of an estate after the payment of charges, debts, and bequests 【法律】(扣除应交费用、债款、遗赠后的)余产 3 esp. Chem.  a residuum (尤)【化】残基，残渣，剩余物 [Middle English via Old French residu from Latin residuum: see RESIDUUM]

residuum /riˈzidjʊəm/ n. (pl. residua /-djʊə/)  1 Chem.  a substance left after combustion or evaporation 【化】(物质燃烧或蒸发后的)残渣，残留物，剩余物 2  a remainder or residue 剩余物，其余部分，残余，残渣 [Latin, neut. of residuus ‘remaining’, from residēre: see RESIDE]

re-sign /ri:ˈsain/ v. tr. & intr.  sign again 再次签名(或签署)

resign /riˈzain/ v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  give up office, one's employment, etc. 辞去(职位、职务等)  resigned from the Home Office  辞去内政部职务b (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  retire 辞职，引退  resigned as chief executive  辞去公司总经理职务 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, into)  give up (office, one's employment, etc.); surrender; hand over (a right, charge, task, etc.) 辞去(职位、职务等)；交出，放弃；移交(权力、责任、任务等) 3 tr.  give up (hope etc.) 放弃(希望等) 4 refl. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a  reconcile (oneself, one's mind, etc.) to the inevitable 使(自己、思想等)听天由命，听任  have resigned myself to the idea  我已经顺从了这个想法b  surrender (oneself to another's guidance) 使(自己)听任别人指导 5 intr. Chess  etc. discontinue play and admit defeat 【棋类】认输 □ resigner  n.   [Middle English via Old French resigner from Latin resignare ‘unseal, cancel’ (as RE-, signare ‘sign, seal’)]

resignal /ri:ˈsiɡn(ə)l/ v. tr. (resignalled, resignalling; US [美] resignaled, resignaling)  resupply with railway signals 给…重复铁路信号

resignation /reziɡˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of resigning, esp. from one's job or office 辞去，放弃(尤指辞职) 2  the document etc. conveying this intention 辞职书，辞呈 3  the state of being resigned; the uncomplaining endurance of a sorrow or difficulty 听任，顺从，屈从 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin resignatio (as RESIGN)]

resigned /riˈzaind/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  having resigned oneself; submissive, acquiescent 已辞职的；顺从的，屈从的；默许的 □ resignedly  /-nidli/ adv.  □ resignedness  n.  

resile /riˈzail/ v. intr.  1 (of something stretched or compressed) recoil to resume a former size and shape; spring back (被拉直或压缩的东西)卷回，回复原状，弹回 2  have or show resilience or recuperative power 具有(或表现出)弹性或恢复能力 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  withdraw from a course of action 中途停止，退出，退缩 [obsolete French resilir or Latin resilire (as RE-, salire ‘jump’)]

resilient /riˈziliənt/ adj.  1 (of a substance etc.) recoiling; springing back; resuming its original shape after bending, stretching, compression, etc. (物质等)有弹性的，能回弹的；(被弯曲、拉伸或压缩后)能复原的 2 (of a person) readily recovering from shock, depression, etc.; buoyant (人)能很快摆脱打击的，适应力强的，有活力的 □ resilience  n.  □ resiliency  n.  □ resiliently  adv.   [Latin resiliens resilient- (as RESILE)]

resin /ˈrezin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an adhesive inflammable substance insoluble in water, secreted by some plants, and often extracted by incision, esp. from fir and pine (cf. 参见 GUM1 n. 1a) 树脂(植物分泌的不溶于水的易燃物质，常从切口提取，尤指杉树脂和松脂) 2 (in full 全称 synthetic resin)  a solid or liquid organic compound made by polymerization etc. and used in plastics etc. 合成树脂(通过聚合作用等生成，用于塑料等) ●v. tr. (resined, resining)  rub or treat with resin 用树脂涂(或处理) □ resinate  /-nət/ n.  □ resinate  /-neit/ v. tr.  □ resinoid  adj. & n.  □ resinous  adj.   [Middle English resyn, rosyn, from Latin resina & medieval Latin rosina, rosinum]

resist /riˈzist/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  withstand the action or effect of; repel 抵抗，抵御，对抗，反抗 2 tr.  stop the course or progress of; prevent from reaching, penetrating, etc. 抗，防，耐 3 tr.  abstain from (pleasure, temptation, etc.) 按捺住，忍住，抵制住(喜悦、诱惑等) 4 tr.  strive against; try to impede; refuse to comply with 抵制；试图阻止；抗拒  resist arrest  拒捕 5 intr.  offer opposition; refuse to comply 反对，不服从 ●n.  a protective coating of a resistant substance, applied esp. to parts of calico that are not to take dye or to parts of pottery that are not to take glaze or lustre (平布印染或陶器着色时施于局部的)防染材料 □ cannot (or could not etc.) resist   1 (foll. by 后跟 verbal noun)  feel strongly inclined to 忍不住要…，禁不住要…  cannot resist teasing me about it  忍不住拿这件事逗我 2  is certain to be amused, attracted, etc., by 肯定会被…取悦或吸引  can't resist children's clothes  抵挡不了童装的吸引□ resistant  adj.  □ resister  n.  □ resistible  adj.  □ resistibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French resister or Latin resistere (as RE-, sistere ‘stop’, reduplication of stare ‘stand’)]

resistance /riˈzist(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of resisting; refusal to comply 抵制，抵抗，阻止，反抗，拒绝服从 2  the power of resisting 抵制力，抗(耐)性，抵抗力，阻力  showed resistance to wear and tear  表现出抗磨损的能力 3  a Biol.  the ability to withstand adverse conditions 【生】抵抗力b Med. & Biol.  lack of sensitivity to a drug, insecticide, etc., esp. owing to continued exposure or genetic change 【医】【生】抗药性(尤指由于持续暴露或基因变化导致的对药物、杀虫剂等的不敏感) 4  the impeding, slowing, or stopping effect exerted by one material thing on another (外界物施加的)阻力 5 Physics 【物理学】  a  the property of hindering the conduction of electricity, heat, etc. 电阻；热阻b  the measure of this in a body (symbol 符 R) 电阻；热阻 6  a resistor 电阻器 7 (in full 全称 resistance movement)  a secret organization resisting authority, esp. in an occupied country (尤指被占领国的)秘密抵抗组织 [Middle English via French résistance, résistence from Late Latin resistentia (as RESIST)]

resistive /riˈzistiv/ adj.  1  able to resist 抗(或耐、防)…的 2 Electr.  of or concerning resistance 【电】电阻的

resistivity /riziˈstiviti/ n. Electr.  a measure of the resisting power of a specified material to the flow of an electric current 【电】电阻率，电阻系数，比阻

resistless /riˈzis(t)lis/ adj. archaic poet. [古义] [诗]  1  irresistible; relentless 无法遏制的，不可抗拒的；无情的 2  unresisting 不抵抗的；无力抵抗的 □ resistlessly  adv.  

resistor /riˈzistə/ n. Electr.  a device having resistance to the passage of an electrical current 【电】电阻器

resit v. & n. Brit. [英] ●v. tr. /ri:ˈsit/ (resitting; past and past part. resat)  sit (an examination) again after failing (不及格后)再参加(考试) ●n. /ˈri:sit/  1  the act or an instance of resitting an examination 再考，重考 2  an examination held specifically to enable candidates to resit (为不及格者举行的)考试；重考，补考

resite /ri:ˈsait/ v. tr.  place on another site; relocate 给…择新址，使…重新安置

resize /ri:ˈsaiz/ v. tr.  alter the size of 调整大小

reskill /ri:ˈskil/ v. tr.  teach, or equip with, new skills 传授(或培训)新技能

resold past and past part.  of RESELL 

re-soluble /ri:ˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be dissolved again 可再次溶解的

resoluble /riˈzɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be resolved 可以解决的；可解答的 2 (foll. by 后跟 into)  analysable 可分辨(或分解)的 [French résoluble or Latin resolubilis (as RESOLVE, on the pattern of soluble)]

resolute /ˈrezəlu:t/ adj. (of a person or a person's mind or action) determined; decided; firm of purpose; not vacillating (人或其思想、行动)坚决的，坚定的，毅然的，不屈不挠的 □ resolutely  adv.  □ resoluteness  n.   [Latin resolutus, past part. of resolvere (see RESOLVE)]

resolution /rezəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a resolute temper or character; boldness and firmness of purpose 果敢，坚决，坚定 2  a thing resolved on; an intention 决心做的事；决意，决心  New Year's resolutions  新年誓言 3  a  a formal expression of opinion or intention by a legislative body or public meeting (法院等的)裁决，判决；(大会)决议b  the formulation of this 裁决(判决)书；决议案  passed a resolution  通过了一项决议 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the act or an instance of solving doubt or a problem or question 解除；解决；解答  towards a resolution of the difficulty  朝着解决困难的方向 5  a esp. Chem.  separation into components; decomposition (尤)【化】分解b  the replacing of a single force etc. by two or more jointly equivalent to it 力的分解(将一个力转换为两个或多个(合力不变的)力) 6 (foll. by 后跟 into)  analysis; conversion into another form 分析，解析；转化 7 Mus.  the act or an instance of causing discord to pass into concord 【音】解决(指和声中不协和音或弦向协和音或弦的转向)；解决的和声(或弦) 8 Physics etc. 【物理学】  a  the smallest interval measurable by a scientific (esp. optical) instrument; the resolving power (尤指光学仪器的)分辨率，分辨能力b  the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image 清晰度 9 Med.  the disappearance of inflammation etc. without suppuration 【医】(炎症等的)消退 10 Prosody  the substitution of two short syllables for one long 【诗体】音节拆分(两个短音节代替一个长音节) [Middle English from Latin resolutio (as RESOLVE)]

resolutive /ˈrezəlu:tiv/ adj. Med.  having the power or ability to dissolve 【医】消散性的 [medieval Latin resolutivus (as RESOLVE)]

resolutive condition n. Law  a condition whose fulfilment terminates a contract etc. 【法律】(契约等的)中止条件，解除条件

resolve /riˈzɒlv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make up one's mind; decide firmly 下决心，打定主意  resolve to do better  决心做得更好 2 tr. (of circumstances etc.) cause (a person) to do this (情形等)使(人)下定决心，决意要…  events resolved him to leave  这些事件使他决意离开 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause) (of an assembly or meeting) pass a resolution by vote (大会或会议)投票通过(决议)  the committee resolved that immediate action should be taken  委员会作出立即采取行动的决议 4 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  separate or cause to separate into constituent parts; disintegrate; analyse; dissolve 分解，使解体；解析；(使)解散(或消散) 5 tr. (of optical or photographic equipment) separate or distinguish between closely adjacent objects (光学或摄影设备)分辨，辨析 6 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  convert or be converted (使)转化为… 7 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  reduce by mental analysis into 分析；消除 8 tr.  solve; explain; clear up; settle (doubt, argument, etc.) 解决，解释，澄清，消除(疑虑、争执等) 9 tr. & intr. Mus.  convert or be converted into concord 【音】解决，(使)转化为协和音 10 tr. Med.  remove (inflammation etc.) without suppuration 【医】消除(炎症等)，使消退 11 tr. Prosody  replace (a long syllable) by two short syllables 【诗体】拆分(长音节)；(以两个短音节)替换(一个长音节) 12 tr. Mech.  replace (a force etc.) by two or more jointly equivalent to it 【机】将(力等)分解为两个或多个(合力不变的)力 ●n.  1  a  a firm mental decision or intention; a resolution 决心，决意，决定  made a resolve not to go  下决心不去b US  a formal resolution by a legislative body or public meeting [美] (法院等的)裁决，判决；(大会的)决议 2  resoluteness; steadfastness 坚定，坚决 □ resolvable  adj.  □ resolvability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ resolver  n.   [Middle English from Latin resolvere resolut- (as RE-, SOLVE)]

resolved /riˈzɒlvd/ adj.  resolute, determined 坚决的，坚定的 □ resolvedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ resolvedness  n.  

resolvent /riˈzɒlv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. esp. Med. (尤)【医】  ●adj. (of a drug, application, substance, etc.) effecting the resolution of a tumour etc. (药物、敷用物、物质等)消散性的 ●n.  such a drug etc. 消散药物等

resolving power n.  an instrument's ability to distinguish very small or very close objects (仪器的)分辨率，分辨能力

resonance /ˈrez(ə)nəns/ n.  1  the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection or synchronous vibration 回声，反响，回荡 2 Mech.  a condition in which an object or system is subjected to an oscillating force having a frequency close to its own natural frequency 【机】共振，共鸣 3 Chem.  the property of a molecule having a structure best represented by two or more forms rather than a single structural formula 【化】中介(现象) (一种分子特性，指同时具有两种或多种结构形式而不能恰当地用单个结构式表示) 4 Physics  a short-lived subatomic particle that is an excited state of a more stable particle 【物理学】(存在时间很短的)亚原子粒子(是稳定粒子的活跃状态) [Old French from Latin resonantia ‘echo’ (as RESONANT)]

resonant /ˈrez(ə)nənt/ adj.  1 (of sound) echoing, resounding; continuing to sound; reinforced or prolonged by reflection or synchronous vibration (声音)回响的，回荡的，共鸣的，响亮的 2 (of a body, room, etc.) tending to reinforce or prolong sounds esp. by synchronous vibration (物体、空间等)能激起回荡的，引起共鸣(尤指共振)的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a place) resounding (指某地)声音回荡(或回响、共鸣)的 4  of or relating to resonance 有关回响(或回荡、共鸣)的 □ resonantly  adv.   [French résonnant or Latin resonare resonant- (as RE-, sonare ‘sound’)]

resonate /ˈrez(ə)neit/ v. intr.  produce or show resonance; resound 共鸣，共振；回荡，回响 [Latin resonare resonat- (as RESONANT)]

resonator /ˈrez(ə)neitə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  an instrument responding to a single note and used for detecting it in combinations (能与某个音产生共鸣，用来在合音中分辨这个音的)共鸣器 2  an appliance for giving resonance to sound or other vibrations 产生共鸣(或回声、共振)的装置，谐振器，共鸣箱

resorb /riˈsɔ:b/ v. tr.  absorb again 再吸收 □ resorbence  n.  □ resorbent  adj.   [Latin resorbēre resorpt- (as RE-, sorbēre ‘absorb’)]

resorcin /riˈzɔ:sin/ n.  = RESORCINOL  [RESIN + ORCIN]

resorcinol /riˈzɔ:sinɒl/ n. Chem.  a crystalline organic compound usu. made by synthesis and used in the production of dyes, drugs, resins, etc. 【化】雷琐酚，间苯二酚(用于生产染料、药物、树脂等的，通常以合成方式生成的晶体有机化合物)

resorption /riˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈsɔ:p-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of resorbing; the state of being resorbed 再吸收，再吸入 2 Physiol.  the breaking down and absorption of tissue within the body 【生理】(体内组织的)吸回(作用) □ resorptive  /-tiv/ adj.   [RESORB, on the pattern of absorption]

re-sort /ri:ˈsɔ:t/ v. tr.  sort again or differently 再次(重新)分类；再次(重新)拣选

resort /riˈzɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a place frequented esp. for holidays or for a specified purpose or quality 常去的地方(尤指度假地或有特殊目的或性质的地方)  seaside resort  海滨胜地 health resort  疗养地 2  a  a thing to which one has recourse; an expedient or measure 求助的对象；手段，办法  a taxi was our best resort  乘出租车是我们的最佳办法b (foll. by 后跟 to)  recourse to; use of 求助；凭借；采用，诉诸  without resort to violence  不采用暴力 3  a tendency to frequent or be frequented 常去  places of great resort  常去的热闹地方 ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  turn to as an expedient 求助于；诉诸于；凭借；采用  resorted to threats  采取威胁手段 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  go often or in large numbers to 常去，成群结队地去 □ in the (or as a) last resort   when all else has failed 作为最后一招(最后手段)□ resorter  n.   [Middle English from Old French resortir (as RE-, sortir ‘come or go out’)]

resound /riˈzaʊnd/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a place) ring or echo (地方)引起回声，激起回响  the hall resounded with laughter  大厅里回荡着笑声 2 intr. (of a voice, instrument, sound, etc.) produce echoes; go on sounding; fill a place with sound (嗓音、乐器、声音等)发出回响；发出持续响声；回荡于某处 3 intr.  a (of fame, a reputation, etc.) be much talked of (名声、名誉等)被传扬，被传诵b (foll. by 后跟 through)  produce a sensation 引起轰动或反响  the scandal resounded through Europe  丑闻传遍欧洲 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  proclaim or repeat loudly (the praises) of a person or thing 盛赞；传扬，传颂  resounded the praises of Greece  传扬着对希腊的赞誉 5 tr. (of a place) re-echo (a sound) (地方)应和…发出回声 [Middle English from RE- + SOUND1 v., suggested by Old French resoner or Latin resonare: see RESONANT]

resounding /riˈzaʊndiŋ/ adj.  1  in senses of RESOUND 用于 RESOUND 各释义 2  unmistakable; emphatic 准确无误的，显著的，令人瞩目的  was a resounding success  是一次巨大的成功 □ resoundingly  adv.  

resource /riˈsɔ:s, riˈzɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an expedient or device 应付手段，策略  escape was their only resource  逃跑是他们惟一的办法 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  the means available to achieve an end, fulfil a function, etc. (为达到目的、发挥作用等可以采取的)手段，方法b  a stock or supply that can be drawn on (可供利用的)储备，资源c N. Amer.  available assets [北美] (可利用的)资产 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a country's collective wealth or means of defence 国家财富；国力 4  a leisure occupation 消遣，娱乐  reading is a great resource  阅读是一大消遣 5  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  skill in devising expedients 变通能力，应对能力  a person of great resource  善于应变的人b  practical ingenuity; quick wit 谋略，急智  full of resource  足智多谋 6 archaic  the possibility of aid [古义]受援的可能  lost without resource  无可挽回地失去 ●v. tr.  provide with resources 向…提供资源(财富或信息) □ one's own resources   one's own abilities, ingenuity, etc. 某人自己的能力、机智等□ resourceful  adj.  □ resourcefully  adv.  □ resourcefulness  n.  □ resourceless  adj.  □ resourcelessness  n.   [French ressource, ressourse, fem. past part. of Old French dialect resourdre (as RE-, Latin surgere ‘rise’)]

respect /riˈspekt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  deferential esteem felt or shown towards a person or quality (对某人或某种品格的)敬重，尊敬 2  a (foll. by 后跟 of, for)  heed or regard 注意，注重b (foll. by 后跟 to)  attention to or consideration of 对…的关注(或考虑)  without respect to the results  不顾后果 3  an aspect, detail, particular, etc. 某一方面或细节等  correct except in this one respect  只有一方面(或一点)不正确 4  reference, relation 关联，关系  a morality that has no respect to religion  一种与宗教无关的道德观 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a person's polite messages or attentions 敬意；问候  give my respects to your mother  替我问候你母亲 ●v. tr.  1  regard with deference, esteem, or honour 尊敬，敬重，敬仰 2  a  avoid interfering with, harming, degrading, insulting, injuring, or interrupting 避免妨碍(伤害、失礼等)；遵守，遵从b  treat with consideration 顾及c  refrain from offending, corrupting, or tempting (a person, a person's feelings, etc.) 避免冒犯、腐蚀或诱惑(某人或某人的情感等) □ in respect of (or with respect to)   as concerns; with reference to 关于；至于；就…而言；在…方面□ in respect that   because 因为，由于□ with (or with all due) respect   a mollifying formula preceding an expression of disagreement with another's views 尽管(对阁下)尊敬之至；在慎重考虑…后(敬语，用于表示异议之前)□ respecter  n.   [Middle English from Old French respect or Latin respectus, from respicere (as RE-, specere ‘look at’), or from respectare, frequentative of respicere]

respectability /riˌspektəˈbiliti/ n.  1  the state of being respectable 可敬；受敬重；体面 2  those who are respectable (总称)体面人，正派人

respectable /riˈspektəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  deserving respect 值得尊敬的 2  a  of fair social standing 体面的b  having the qualities necessary for such standing 符合体面身份的 3  honest and decent in conduct etc. (行为等)诚实正派的 4  of some merit or importance 有一定价值(或重要性)的 5  tolerable, passable, fairly good or competent 尚可的，过得去的；不错的，胜任的  a respectable try  不错的尝试 6 (of activities, clothes, etc.) presentable; befitting a respectable person (活动、服装等)像样的，体面的 7  reasonably good in condition or appearance (状况或外观)相当不错的 8  appreciable in number, size, amount, etc. (数量、大小等)可观的 9  primly conventional 一本正经的，守常规的 □ respectably  adv.  

respectful /riˈspek(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  showing deference 表示尊敬(或敬重)的，恭敬的  stood at a respectful distance  表示尊敬地保持距离站着；敬而远之 □ respectfully  adv.  □ respectfulness  n.  

respecting /riˈspektiŋ/ prep.  with reference or regard to; concerning 关于，至于；就…而言；在…方面

respective /riˈspektiv/ adj.  concerning or appropriate to each of several individually; proper to each 各自的，各个的；分别的  go to your respective places  各就各位 [French respectif -ive from medieval Latin respectivus (as RESPECT)]

respectively /riˈspektivli/ adv.  for each separately or in turn, and in the order mentioned 各自地，各个地；分别地  she and I gave £ 10 and £ 1 respectively  她给了 10 英镑，我给了 1 英镑

respell /ri:ˈspel/ v. tr. (past and past part. respelt or respelled)  spell again or differently, esp. phonetically 再次(重新)拼写(单词) (尤指根据语音)

respirable /ˈresp(ə)rəb(ə)l, riˈspai-/ adj. (of air, gas, etc.) able or fit to be breathed (空气、气体等)能被吸入的；适于呼吸的 [French respirable or Late Latin respirabilis (as RESPIRE)]

respirate /ˈrespireit/ v. tr.  subject to artificial respiration 对…进行人工呼吸 [back-formation from RESPIRATION]

respiration /respiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of breathing 呼吸b  a single inspiration or expiration; a breath 一次呼吸 2 Biol.  in living organisms, the process involving the production of energy and release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances 【生】呼吸(作用) [Middle English from French respiration or Latin respiratio (as RESPIRE)]

respirator /ˈrespireitə/ n.  1  an apparatus worn over the face to prevent poison gas, cold air, dust particles, etc., from being inhaled (防止毒气、冷空气、尘埃等被吸入的)口罩；防毒面具 2 Med.  an apparatus for maintaining artificial respiration 【医】人工呼吸器，呼吸机

respire /riˈspaiə/ v.  1 intr.  breathe air 呼吸 2 intr.  inhale and exhale air 吸入与呼出空气 3 intr. (of a plant) carry out respiration (植物)进行呼吸作用 4 tr.  breathe (air etc.) 呼吸(空气等) 5 intr.  breathe again; take a breath 松口气 6 intr.  get rest or respite; recover hope or spirit 休息；重获希望，恢复精神 □ respiratory  /riˈspirət(ə)ri, ˈresp(ə)rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French respirer or from Latin respirare (as RE-, spirare ‘breathe’)]

respite /ˈrespait, -spit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an interval of rest or relief 暂息(时间)，喘息(时间) 2  a delay permitted before the discharge of an obligation or the suffering of a penalty (义务的)暂缓履行；(处罚的)暂缓执行 ●v. tr.  1  grant respite to; reprieve (a condemned person) 使暂缓；给(被定罪者)缓刑；暂缓处决(犯人) 2  postpone the execution or exaction of (a sentence, obligation, etc.) 暂缓执行(判决等)；暂缓履行(义务等) 3  give temporary relief from (pain or care) or to (a sufferer) 使(痛苦、烦恼等)暂时缓解；使(受害者)暂时减轻痛苦 [Middle English via Old French respit from Latin respectus RESPECT]

resplendent /riˈsplend(ə)nt/ adj.  brilliant; dazzlingly or gloriously bright 灿烂的，光辉的，辉煌的，华丽的 □ resplendence  n.  □ resplendency  n.  □ resplendently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin resplendēre (as RE-, splendēre ‘glitter’)]

respond /riˈspɒnd/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  answer, give a reply 作回答，答复 2 intr.  act or behave in an answering or corresponding manner 作出反应；响应 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  show sensitiveness to by behaviour or change (通过行为或变化)对…表示出敏感或反应  does not respond to kindness  对善意没有回应 4 intr. (of a congregation) make answers to a priest etc. (会众)对牧师等应答或唱和 5 intr. Bridge  make a bid on the basis of a partner's preceding bid 【桥牌】(对同伴的叫牌)作应叫 6 tr.  say (something) in answer 以…作答 ●n.  1 Archit.  a half-pillar or half-pier attached to a wall to support an arch, esp. at the end of an arcade 【建】壁联(尤指拱廊末端用作拱支座的墩式壁柱) 2 Eccl.  a responsory; a response to a versicle 【教会】(会众对牧师等的)应答或唱和 □ respondence  n.  □ respondency  n.  □ responder  n.   [Middle English from Old French respondre ‘answer’, ultimately from Latin respondēre respons- (as RE-, spondēre ‘pledge’)]

respondent /riˈspɒnd(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a defendant, esp. in an appeal or divorce case (尤指上诉、离婚案中的)被告 2  a person who makes an answer or defends an argument etc. 回答者；响应者，答辩者 ●adj.  1  making answer 回答的，应答的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  responsive 作出响应(或反应)的；反射的 3  in the position of defendant 处于被告地位的

response /riˈspɒns/ n.  1  an answer given in word or act; a reply 回答，答复 2  a feeling, movement, change, etc., caused by a stimulus or influence (某种刺激或影响在情感、行动等方面的)反应，响应 3 (often in pl. 常用复数) Eccl.  any part of the liturgy said or sung in answer to the priest; a responsory 【教会】(会众对牧师等应答或唱和的)祷文或圣歌 4 Bridge  a bid made in responding 【桥牌】(对同伴叫牌的)应叫 [Middle English from Old French respons(e) or Latin responsum, neut. past part. of respondēre RESPOND]

responsibility /riˌspɒnsiˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for, of)  the state or fact of being responsible 负责  refuses all responsibility for it  拒绝对此负责 will take the responsibility of doing it  将为这一行为负责b  authority; the ability to act independently and make decisions 责任(感)；责任能力  a job with more responsibility  肩负更多责任的工作 2  the person or thing for which one is responsible 所负责的人(或事)；职责；义务  the food is my responsibility  我负责食物 □ on one's own responsibility   without authorization 自作主张地；自行负责地

responsible /riˈspɒnsib(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  liable to be called to account (to a person or for a thing) 需向某人(或对某事)负责的 2  morally accountable for one's actions; capable of rational conduct 有责任感的，有责任能力的 3  of good credit, position, or repute; respectable; evidently trustworthy 可靠的，可敬的，值得信任的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  being the primary cause 作为主要原因的；应归功(或归咎)于…的  a short circuit was responsible for the power failure  短路是造成断电的主要原因 5 (of a ruler or government) not autocratic (统治者或政府)不专制的，不独裁的 6  involving responsibility 责任重大的，重要的  a responsible job  要职 □ responsibleness  n.  □ responsibly  adv.   [obsolete French from Latin respondēre: see RESPOND]

responsive /riˈspɒnsiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  responding readily (to some influence) (对某种影响)敏感的，容易产生反应的 2  sympathetic; impressionable 富有同情心的，容易受感动的 3  a  answering 回答的b  by way of answer 响应的 4 (of a liturgy etc.) using responses (礼拜仪式等)应答或唱和(祷文、圣歌)的 □ responsively  adv.  □ responsiveness  n.   [French responsif -ive or Late Latin responsivus (as RESPOND)]

responsorial /rispɒnˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  relating to or involving (liturgical) responses (礼拜仪式)应答或唱和(祷文、圣歌)的；与应答或唱和有关的

responsory /riˈspɒns(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  an anthem said or sung by a soloist and choir after a lesson (日课后独唱者和唱诗班吟唱的)应答圣歌(或赞美诗) [Middle English from Late Latin responsorium (as RESPOND)]

respray v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈsprei/  spray again (esp. to change the colour of the paint on a vehicle) (尤指为改变车辆颜色而)再喷，再喷涂 ●n. /ˈri:sprei/  the act or an instance of respraying 再喷，再喷涂

rest1 /rest/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  cease, abstain, or be relieved from exertion, action, movement, or employment; be tranquil 暂停，停止，中止；静止 2 intr.  be still or asleep, esp. to refresh oneself or recover strength (尤指为恢复体力而)休息；睡眠 3 tr.  give relief or repose to; allow to rest 使放松，使休息  a chair to rest my legs  让我把双腿放在椅子上歇一歇 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, against)  lie on; be supported by; be spread out on; be propped against 躺；靠，倚；被平铺；被支撑 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  depend, be based, or rely on 依靠，依赖；基于 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) (of a look) alight or be steadily directed on (目光)落在，凝视 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  place for support or foundation 使得到支持；把…靠(或搁)在… 8 intr. (of a problem or subject) be left without further investigation or discussion 使(问题或主题)停止调查或讨论；搁置；中止  let the matter rest  让此事到此为止吧 9 intr.  a  lie in death 死去，安息b (foll. by 后跟 in)  lie buried in (a churchyard etc.) 被埋葬于(墓地等) 10 tr. (as 作 rested adj.)  refreshed or reinvigorated by resting (因得到休息而)重新振作的 11 intr. US  conclude the calling of witnesses in a law case [美]自动停止向法庭提供证据  the prosecution rests  案情陈诉完毕 12 intr. (of land) lie fallow (土地)休耕 13 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  repose trust in 信赖  am content to rest in God  我虔诚地信仰上帝 ●n.  1  repose or sleep, esp. in bed at night 休息，睡眠(尤指夜间睡眠)  get a good night's rest  睡了一晚好觉 2  freedom from or the cessation of exertion, worry, activity, etc. 歇息，放松，停止  give the subject a rest  暂不考虑这一问题 3  a period of resting 一段休息的时间  take a 15-minute rest  休息 15 分钟 4  a support or prop for holding or steadying something 支撑物，托，垫 5 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval of silence of a specified duration 休止b  the sign denoting this 休止符 6  a place of resting or abiding, esp. a lodging place or shelter provided for sailors, taxi drivers, etc. (尤指供海员、出租车司机等)休息或住宿的地方 7  a pause in elocution (演说中的)停顿 8  a caesura in verse (诗、韵文中的)节律停顿 □ at rest   not moving; not agitated or troubled; dead 静止不动，处于平静状态；安息，死去□ be resting  Brit. euphem. (of an actor) be out of work [英婉] (演员)一时无戏可演□ rest one's case   conclude one's argument etc. 停止对该案的辩论等□ rest (or God rest) his (or her) soul   may God grant his (or her) soul repose 愿上帝赐予他(她)灵魂安宁□ rest on one's laurels   see 见 LAUREL □ rest on one's oars   see 见 OAR □ rest up  US  rest oneself thoroughly [美]使自己充分休息□ set at rest   settle or relieve (a question, a person's mind, etc.) 使(问题)得到解决；使(人)安心 [Old English rœst, rest (n.), rœstan, restan (v.)]

rest2 /rest/ n. & v. ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the remaining part or parts; the others; the remainder of some quantity or number 其余的部分，其余的人，剩余的数量  finish what you can and leave the rest  能完成多少算多少，完成不了的就剩下 2 Brit. Econ.  the reserve fund, esp. of the Bank of England [英]【经】(尤指英格兰银行的)储备金 3 hist.  a rally in tennis [史义] (网球比赛的)回合，对打 ●v. intr.  1  remain in a specified state 保持特定状态  rest assured  放心 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  be left in the hands or charge of 在于，取决于  the final arrangements rest with you  最后的安排由你来定 □ and all the rest (or the rest of it)   and all else that might be mentioned; et cetera 其余可能提及的一切，以及其他等等□ for the rest   as regards anything else 至于其他 [Middle English via Old French reste (n.), rester (v.) from Latin restare (as RE-, stare ‘stand’)]

restage /ri:ˈsteidʒ/ v. tr.  stage (a play etc.) again or differently 再次(或修改后重新)上演(戏剧等)

restart v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. /ri:ˈstɑ:t/  begin again 重新开始 ●n. /ˈri:stɑ:t/  a new beginning 新的开始，新起点

restate /ri:ˈsteit/ v. tr.  express again or differently, esp. more clearly or convincingly 再说，重申(尤指更清楚或更有说服力地表达) □ restatement  n.  

restaurant /ˈrest(ə)rɒnt, -r(ə)nt, -rɒ˜/ n.  public premises where meals or refreshments may be had 餐馆，饭店 [French from restaurer RESTORE]

restaurant car n. Brit.  a dining car on a train [英]火车餐车

restaurateur /rest(ə)rəˈtɜ:, ˌrestɒr-/ n.  a restaurant-keeper 饭馆老板 [French, from restaurer ‘restor’ + -ateur -ATOR]■Usage 用法说明 The word restaurateur is frequently misspelt restauranteur under the influence of the word restaurant. 由于单词 restaurant 的影响，单词 restaurateur 常被错误拼写为 restauranteur 。 

rest-cure n.  a rest usu. of some weeks as a medical treatment (通常需要几个星期的)休养疗法，静养法

rest day n.  1  a day spent in rest 休息日 2  = day of rest 

restful /ˈres(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  favourable to quiet or repose 有益于休息的，给人充分休息的 2  free from disturbing influences 使人免受打扰的，宁静的 3  soothing 使人宽心的 □ restfully  adv.  □ restfulness  n.  

rest-harrow /ˈresthærəʊ/ n.  any tough-rooted plant of the genus Ononis, native to Europe and the Mediterranean 匍匐芒柄花(产于欧洲及地中海地区) [obsolete rest (v.) = ARREST (in sense ‘stop’) + HARROW]

rest home n.  a place where old or frail people can be cared for 养老院；疗养院

rest house n. (in the Indian subcontinent, S.E. Asia, and Africa) a house for travellers to rest in (印度次大陆，东南亚及非洲的)客栈

resting place n.  a place provided or used for resting 休息场所

restitution /restiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the act or an instance of restoring a thing to its proper owner 归还，偿还 2  reparation for an injury (esp. 尤用于 make restitution 作出赔偿或补偿) 赔偿，补偿 3 esp. Theol.  the restoration of a thing to its original state (尤)【神】恢复原状 4  the resumption of an original shape or position because of elasticity (在弹性作用下)恢复原形或原位 □ restitutive  /ˈrestitju:tiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French restitution or Latin restitutio, from restituere restitut- ‘restore’ (as RE-, statuere ‘establish’)]

restive /ˈrestiv/ adj.  1  fidgety; restless 烦躁的，不安的，不平静的 2 (of a horse) refusing to advance, stubbornly standing still or moving backwards or sideways; refractory (马)不肯前进的，逡巡不前的，难以驾驭的 3 (of a person) unmanageable; rejecting control (人)难以管理的，不听话的，不受管束的 □ restively  adv.  □ restiveness  n.   [Middle English via Old French restif -ive from Romanic (as REST2)]

restless /ˈres(t)lis/ adj.  1  finding or affording no rest 得不到休息的；无法休息的；得不到满足的 2  uneasy; agitated 心神不定的，焦躁不安的；显示焦躁不安的 3  constantly in motion, fidgeting, etc. 静不下来的，永不安宁的 □ restlessly  adv.  □ restlessness  n.   [Old English restlēas (as REST1, -LESS)]

rest mass n. Physics  the mass of a body when at rest 【物理学】静(止)质量

restock /ri:ˈstɒk/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  stock again or differently 再次(重新)进货或备货

restoration /restəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of restoring or being restored 恢复 2  a model or drawing representing the supposed original form of an extinct animal, ruined building, etc. (灭绝动物或毁坏建筑物等的)设想原形模型；设想原形图 3  a  the re-establishment of a monarch etc. (王政的)复辟b  the period of this (王政的)复辟时期 4 (作 Restoration) hist. [史义]  a (prec. by 前接 the)  the re-establishment of Charles II as King of England in 1660 (1660 年英国查理二世的)王政复辟b (often 常作 attrib.)  the literary period following this (查理二世)王政复辟后的文艺时期  Restoration comedy  王政复辟期的喜剧 [17th-c. alteration (influenced by RESTORE) of Middle English restauration from Old French restauration or Late Latin restauratio (as RESTORE)]

restorationism /restəˈreiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Restorationism)  1  a charismatic Christian movement seeking to restore the beliefs and practices of the early Church 众生复位运动(致力于恢复早期教会信仰及实践的基督教运动) 2  the doctrine and practices of this movement 众生复位说 □ restorationist  n. & adj.  

restorative /riˈstɒrətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to restore health or strength 有助于恢复(健康或力量)的 ●n.  a restorative medicine, food, etc. 恢复、滋补的药物(或食品等)；苏醒剂  needs a restorative  需要苏醒剂 □ restoratively  adv.   [Middle English variant of obsolete restaurative from Old French restauratif -ive (as RESTORE)]

restore /riˈstɔ:/ v. tr.  1  bring back or attempt to bring back to the original state by rebuilding, repairing, repainting, emending, etc. (通过重建、修理、重新绘制、修订等)使恢复原状；试图恢复 2  bring back to health etc.; cure 使康复；治愈 3  give back to the original owner etc.; make restitution of 归还…给原主等 4  reinstate; bring back to dignity or right 使恢复原位；使恢复尊严及权利 5  replace; put back; bring back to a former condition 将…放回原处；使恢复原状 6  make a representation of the supposed original state of (a ruin, extinct animal, etc.) 根据推测做出(废墟、灭绝动物等的)原形 7  reinstate by conjecture (missing words in a text, missing pieces, etc.) 根据推测复原(文本中缺失的文字、段落等) □ restorable  adj.  □ restorer  n.   [Middle English via Old French restorer from Latin restaurare]

re-strain /ri:ˈstrein/ v. tr.  strain again 使再紧张，使再尽力

restrain /riˈstrein/ v. tr.  1 (often 常作 refl., usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  check or hold in; keep in check or under control or within bounds 控制，限制，约束，阻止 2  repress; keep down 抑制，遏制 3  confine; imprison 关押，监禁 □ restrainable  adj.  □ restrainer  n.   [Middle English via Old French restrei(g)n-, stem of restreindre, from Latin restringere restrict- (as RE-, stringere ‘tie’)]

restrainedly /riˈstreinidli/ adv.  with self-restraint 自制地，克制地；拘谨地；节制地

restraint /riˈstreint/ n.  1  the act or an instance of restraining or being restrained 控制，抑制，限制，约束 2  a stoppage; a check; a controlling agency or influence 阻碍，约束措施，控制因素 3  a  self-control; avoidance of excess or exaggeration 自制；节制b  austerity of literary expression (文笔等)精练，简练；严谨 4  reserve of manner (举止)拘谨，矜持 5  confinement, esp. because of insanity (尤指由于精神错乱而)被隔离，监禁 6  something which restrains or holds in check; bondage, shackles 抑制或阻止物，束缚；镣铐，桎梏 □ in restraint of   in order to restrain 为了抑制(或约束)… [Middle English from Old French restreinte, fem. past part. of restreindre: see RESTRAIN]

restraint of trade n.  action seeking to interfere with free-market conditions 贸易限制，贸易约束

restrict /riˈstrikt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, within)  1  confine, bound, limit 限制，约束，限定  restricted parking  限制停放车辆 restricted them to five days a week  限定他们一周工作 5 天 2  subject to limitation 使受限制 3  withhold from general circulation or disclosure 限于内部流传；不得向外透露 □ restrictedly  adv.  □ restrictedness  n.   [Latin restringere: see RESTRAIN]

restricted area n.  1 Brit.  an area in which there is a special speed limit for vehicles [英] (车辆)限速区域 2 US  an area which military personnel, unauthorized people, etc., are not allowed to enter [美] (军人及未经许可者等)莫入地区

restriction /riˈstrikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of restricting; the state of being restricted 限制，约束，限定 2  a thing that restricts 限制物，制约因素 3  a limitation placed on action (行为或行动的)限制规定 □ restrictionist  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Old French restriction or Latin restrictio (as RESTRICT)]

restriction enzyme n. Biochem.  an enzyme which divides DNA at or near a specific sequence of bases 【生化】限制酶，限制性内切酶

restrictive /riˈstriktiv/ adj.  imposing restrictions 限制(性)的，约束(性)的 □ restrictively  adv.  □ restrictiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French restrictif -ive or medieval Latin restrictivus (as RESTRICT)]

restrictive clause n. Gram.  a relative clause, usu. without surrounding commas 【语法】限制性从句(通常不以逗号分隔)

restrictive practice n. Brit.  an agreement to limit competition or output in industry [英] (限制竞争或产量的)限制性协议

restring /ri:ˈstriŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. restrung)  1  fit (a musical instrument) with new strings 为(乐器)再上新弦 2  thread (beads etc.) on a new string 用新线再串(珠子等)

restroom /ˈrestru:m, -rʊm/ n. esp. US  a public lavatory in a factory, shop, etc. [尤美] (工厂、商店等地的)公共厕所

restructure /ri:ˈstrʌktʃə/ v. tr.  give a new structure to; rebuild; rearrange 重新构成；重建；重新排列(或整理)

restudy /ri:ˈstʌdi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  study again 再学习；再研究

restyle v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈstail/  1  reshape; remake in a new style 改变式样；以新款式重新制造 2  give a new designation to (a person or thing) 重新定位(某人或某物) ●n. /ˈri:stail/  an instance of restyling; a new style 改变式样；新式样

resubmit /ri:səbˈmit/ v. tr.  submit (a plan, application, etc.) again 再次递交(计划、申请等)

result /riˈzʌlt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a consequence, issue, or outcome of something 结果，后果 2  a satisfactory outcome; a favourable result 成果，效果  gets results  取得了成果 3  a quantity, formula, etc., obtained by calculation (通过计算得到的)答数，公式等 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a list of scores or winners etc. in an examination or sporting event (体育比赛的)比赛结果，比分；(考试的)成绩 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  arise as the actual consequence or follow as a logical consequence (from conditions, causes, etc.) 由…产生，发生；是…的结果 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  have a specified end or outcome 产生特定的结果或效果  resulted in a large profit  带来巨额利润 □ without result   in vain; fruitless 徒劳，无结果，无效果□ resultless  adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin resultare from Latin (as RE-, saltare, frequentative of salire ‘jump’)]

resultant /riˈzʌlt(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  resulting, esp. as the total outcome of more or less opposed forces 作为结果的，因而产生的 ●n. Math.  a force etc. equivalent to two or more acting in different directions at the same point 【数】合量，合力

resume /riˈzju:m/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  begin again or continue after an interruption (中断后)重新开始，继续 2 tr. & intr.  begin to speak, work, or use again; recommence 接着说；接着做；接着使用；(使)从头再做 3 tr.  get back; take back; recover; reoccupy 取回，收回，恢复，重获，收复  resume one's seat  重新坐下 ●n.  = RÉSUMÉ  □ resumable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French resumer or Latin resumere resumpt- (as RE-, sumere ‘take’)]

resumption /riˈzʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of resuming (中断后)再开始，继续；恢复，取回，重获  ready for the resumption of negotiations  准备恢复谈判 □ resumptive  adj.   [Middle English from Old French resumption or Late Latin resumptio (as RESUME)]

resupinate /riˈsu:pineit, -ˈsju:-/ adj. (of a leaf etc.) upside down (叶子等)倒置的，翻转的 [Latin resupinatus, past part. of resupinare ‘bend back’: see SUPINE]

resupply /ri:səˈplai/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  supply again; provide with a fresh supply 再补给，重新供给 2 intr.  take on or acquire a fresh supply 接受(或得到)重新供给 ●n.  the act or resupplying something or being resupplied 再补给，重新供给

resurface /ri:ˈsɜ:fis/ v.  1 tr.  lay a new surface on (a road etc.) 对…重做表面处理；重铺(路面等) 2 intr.  rise or arise again; turn up again 再次升起；再出现(或发生)，重新露面

resurgent /riˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  rising or arising again 死而复生的；复苏的；再次出现(或发生)的 2  tending to rise again 趋向于复兴(或复苏)的 □ resurgence  n.   [Latin resurgere resurrect- (as RE-, surgere ‘rise’)]

resurrect /rezəˈrekt/ v.  1 tr. colloq.  revive the practice, use, or memory of [口]使重新流行；重新起用；唤醒对…的记忆 2 tr.  take from the grave; exhume 从坟墓中掘出 3 tr.  dig up 挖出；发掘出 4 tr. & intr.  raise or rise from the dead (使)复活；(使)复苏 [back-formation from RESURRECTION]

resurrection /rezəˈrekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of rising from the dead 复活 2 (作 Resurrection)  a  Christ's rising from the dead 耶稣复活b  the rising of the dead at the Last Judgement (最后审判日)全部死者的复活 3  a revival after disuse, inactivity, or decay 恢复使用；重新唤醒；复苏 4  exhumation 挖掘；掘墓 5  the unearthing of a lost or forgotten thing; restoration to vogue or memory (对丢失或遗忘的事物的)发掘，发现；重新流行；重新记起 □ resurrectional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin resurrectio -onis (as RESURGENT)]

resurrection plant n.  any of various plants, including clubmosses of the genus Selaginella and the Rose of Jericho, unfolding when moistened after being dried 更苏植物(叶子在干燥时卷曲，潮湿时会再伸展开)

resurvey v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:səˈvei/  survey again; reconsider 再调查，再查勘；重新考虑 ●n. /ri:ˈsɜ:vei/  the act or an instance of resurveying 再调查，再查勘；重新考虑

resuscitate /riˈsʌsiteit/ v. tr. & intr.  1  revive from unconsciousness or apparent death (使)从昏迷中苏醒；(使)复活 2  return or restore to vogue, vigour, or vividness (使)重新复兴；(使)恢复活力或生机 □ resuscitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ resuscitative  adj.  □ resuscitator  n.   [Latin resuscitare (as RE-, suscitare ‘raise’)]

ret /ret/ v. (also 亦作 rate /reit/) (retted, retting)  1 tr.  soften (flax, hemp, etc.) by soaking or by exposure to moisture (通过浸泡或受潮)使(亚麻、大麻纤维等)软化，使沤软 2 intr. (often as 常作 retted adj.) (of hay etc.) be spoilt by wet or rot (干草等)受潮，腐烂 [Middle English, related to ROT]

ret. abbr. [缩略]  retired; returned 

retable /riˈteib(ə)l/ n.  1  a frame enclosing decorated panels above the back of an altar 祭坛后部高架(用于放置十字架、蜡烛等) 2  a shelf 架子 [French rétable, retable via Spanish retablo from medieval Latin retrotabulum ‘rear table’ (as RETRO-, TABLE)]

retail /ˈri:teil/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  the sale of goods in relatively small quantities to the public, and usu. not for resale (cf. 参见 WHOLESALE) 零售，零卖 ●adj. & adv.  by retail; at a retail price 零售的，零售价格的；通过零售，以零售价格  do you buy wholesale or retail?  你是批发还是零售？ ●v. /also 亦作 riˈteil/  1 tr.  sell (goods) in retail trade 零售，零卖(货物) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, for) (of goods) be sold in this way (esp. for a specified price) (货物)被零售(尤指以特定价格零售)  retails at £ 4.95  以 4.95 英镑的价格零售 3 tr.  recount; relate details of 复述；详述 □ retailer  n.   [Middle English from Old French retaille ‘a piece cut off’ from retaillier (as RE-, TAIL2)]

retail price index n.  an index of the variation in the prices of retail goods 零售物价指数

retain /riˈtein/ v. tr.  1  a  keep possession of; not lose; continue to have, practise, or recognize 保留；保持；继续拥有(或实行、承认)b  not abolish, discard, or alter 不废止，不放弃，不变 2  keep in one's memory 记住 3  keep in place; hold fixed 挡住，拦住；保存，留住 4  secure the services of (a person, esp. a barrister) with a preliminary payment 付定金聘定(某人，尤指律师) □ retainable  adj.  □ retainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ retainment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French retei(g)n- from the stem of Old French retenir, ultimately from Latin retinēre retent- (as RE-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

retainer /riˈteinə/ n.  1  a person or thing that retains 保留者；保留的东西 2 esp. Law  a fee for retaining a barrister etc. (尤)【法律】(聘请律师等的)定金 3  a hist.  a dependant or follower of a person of rank [史义]扈从，家臣，跟班b joc.  an old and faithful friend or servant (esp. 尤用于 old retainer 老仆人) [诙]忠实的老朋友；服务多年的仆人 4 Brit.  a reduced rent paid to retain accommodation during a period of non-occupancy [英] (为外出期间保留租房等而付的、低于房租的)定金 5 Dentistry  a structure cemented to a tooth to keep a bridge in place 【牙科学】(牙齿的)固位体

retaining fee n.  a fee paid to secure a person, service, etc. 定金，聘(租)用定金

retaining wall n.  a wall supporting and confining a mass of earth or water 挡土墙，护岸，拥壁

retake v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈteik/ (past retook; past part. retaken)  1  take again 再拿(走)，再取(走)；重摄；重录；重考 2  recapture 再夺回 ●n. /ˈri:teik/  1  a  the act or an instance of retaking 再拿(走)，再取(走)，再夺回b  a thing retaken, e.g. an examination 重新做(或取得)的事物(如重考) 2  a  the act or an instance of filming a scene or recording music etc. again 重拍摄；重新录制b  the scene or recording obtained in this way 重摄镜头；重新录制的作品

retaliate /riˈtælieit/ v.  1 intr.  repay an injury, insult, etc., in kind; attack in return; make reprisals (就伤害、侮辱等以同样方式)进行报复；反击 2 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  cast (an accusation) back upon a person 就…进行反控，反击b  repay (an injury or insult) in kind 以同样手段报复(伤害或侮辱)，以牙还牙 □ retaliation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ retaliative  /-ˈtæljətiv/ adj.  □ retaliator  n.  □ retaliatory  /-ˈtæljət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin retaliare (as RE-, talis ‘such’)]

retard /riˈtɑ:d/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  make slow or late 使减速；推迟，延误 2  delay the progress, development, arrival, or accomplishment of 阻碍，阻止，妨碍 ●n.  1  retardation 减速；推迟，延误；阻碍，阻止，妨碍 2 /ˈri:tɑ:d/ US slang offens.  a mentally retarded person [美] [俚语] [冒犯]智力迟钝者，弱智者 □ in retard  Brit.  delayed, in the rear [英]耽搁的，落后的，处于落后□ retardant  adj. & n.  □ retardation  /ri:tɑ:ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ retardative  adj.  □ retardatory  adj.  □ retarder  n.  □ retardment  n.   [French retarder from Latin retardare (as RE-, tardus ‘slow’)]

retardate /riˈtɑ:deit/ adj. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●adj.  mentally retarded 智力迟钝的，弱智的 ●n.  a mentally retarded person 智力迟钝者，弱智者 [Latin retardare: see RETARD]

retarded /riˈtɑ:did/ adj.  backward in mental or physical development 智力迟钝的；发育迟缓的

retch /retʃ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a motion of vomiting, esp. involuntarily and without effect 恶心，作呕(尤指不自觉地干呕) ●n.  such a motion or the sound of it 呕吐(声) [variant of (now dialect) reach, from Old English hrœˉcan ‘spit’, Old Norse hrœkja from Germanic, of imitative origin]

retd. abbr. [缩略]  1  retired  2  returned 

rete /ˈri:ti/ n. (pl. retia /-tiə, -ʃiə/) Anat.  an elaborate network or plexus of blood vessels or nerve cells 【解】(血管或神经细胞的)网，丛 [Latin rete ‘net’]

reteach /ri:ˈti:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. retaught)  teach again or differently 再次(重新)讲授，再教授

retell /ri:ˈtel/ v. tr. (past and past part. retold)  tell again or in a different version 再次讲；(以不同方式)重新讲

retention /riˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of retaining; the state of being retained 保持，保留b  the ability to retain things experienced or learnt; memory (经历或知识的)保持能力；记忆力 2 Med.  the failure to evacuate urine or another secretion 【医】(排尿或其他分泌物的)潴留，停滞 [Middle English from Old French retention or Latin retentio (as RETAIN)]

retentive /riˈtentiv/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  tending to retain (moisture etc.) 能保持(水分等)的 2 (of memory or a person) not forgetful (记忆)深刻的；(人)记忆力好的 3 Surgery (of a ligature etc.) serving to keep something in place 【外科】(绷带等)用以固位的 □ retentively  adv.  □ retentiveness  n.   [Middle English from Old French retentif -ive or medieval Latin retentivus (as RETAIN)]

retexture /ri:ˈtekstʃə/ v. tr.  treat (material, a garment, etc.) so as to restore its original texture 处理(布料、衣物等)使恢复原有质地

rethink v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈθiŋk/ (past and past part. rethought)  think about (something) again, esp. with a view to making changes (尤指为作出改变而)重新考虑(某事)，再思考 ●n. /ˈri:θiŋk/  a reassessment; a period of rethinking 重新评估；一段时间的再思考

retia pl.  of RETE  

retiarius /retiˈɑ:riəs, -ˈɛəriəs/ n. (pl. retiarii /-riai, -rii:/) Rom. Hist.  a Roman gladiator using a net to trap his opponent [罗马]【史】用网捕捉对手的罗马角斗士 [Latin, from rete ‘net’]

reticence /ˈretis(ə)ns/ n.  1  the avoidance of saying all one knows or feels, or of saying more than is necessary; reserve in speech 不轻易暴露想法或感情；沉默，缄默 2  a disposition to silence; taciturnity 不爱说话，沉默寡言 3  the act or an instance of holding back some fact 含蓄，保留 □ reticent  adj.  □ reticently  adv.   [Latin reticentia from reticēre (as RE-, tacēre ‘be silent’)]

reticle /ˈretik(ə)l/ n.  a network of fine threads or lines in the focal plane of an optical instrument to help accurate observation (光学仪器上的)分划板，标线(片) [Latin reticulum: see RETICULUM]

reticula pl.  of RETICULUM  

reticulate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /riˈtikjʊleit/  1  divide or be divided in fact or appearance into a network (使)分割成网状 2  arrange or be arranged in small squares or with intersecting lines (使)分成小方格 ●adj. /riˈtikjʊlət/  reticulated 网状的；网状组织的 □ reticulately  /riˈtikjʊlətli/ adv.  □ reticulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin reticulatus ‘reticulated’ (as RETICULUM)]

reticule /ˈretikju:l/ n.  1  = RETICLE  2 esp. hist.  a woman's netted or other bag, esp. with a drawstring, carried or worn to serve the purpose of a pocket [尤史义] (女用的)收口网格包，手提网兜 [French réticule from Latin (as RETICULUM)]

reticulum /riˈtikjʊləm/ n. (pl. reticula /-lə/)  1  a netlike structure; a fine network, esp. of membranes etc. in living organisms 网状构造；网状组织；精细的网状物(尤指生物体内的膜) 2  a ruminant's second stomach (反刍动物的)第二胃，网胃，蜂窝胃 □ reticular  adj.  □ reticulose  adj.   [Latin, diminutive of rete ‘net’]

retie /ri:ˈtai/ v. tr. (retying)  tie again 重捆，重系，重扎，重新打结

retiform /ˈri:tifɔ:m, ˈreti-/ adj.  netlike, reticulated 网状的 [Latin rete ‘net’ + -FORM]

re-time /ri:ˈtaim/ v. tr. esp. Railways  set a new or different time for; reschedule (尤)【铁路】再次(重新)安排…的时间；重新定…的时间表

retina /ˈretinə/ n. (pl. retinas, retinae /-ni:/)  a layer at the back of the eyeball sensitive to light, and triggering nerve impulses via the optic nerve to the brain where the visual image is formed 视网膜 □ retinal  adj.   [Middle English via medieval Latin from Latin rete ‘net’]

retinitis /retiˈnaitis/ n.  inflammation of the retina 视网膜炎

retinol /ˈretinɒl/ n.  a vitamin found in green and yellow vegetables, egg yolk, and fish-liver oil, essential for growth and vision in dim light Also called 亦称作 vitamin A 维生素 A (存在于绿色和黄色蔬菜、蛋黄、鱼肝油中，是保持生长及光线暗淡时的视力所必需的) [RETINA + -OL1]

retinue /ˈretinju:/ n.  a body of attendants accompanying an important person (要人的)一批随员，随从们 [Middle English from Old French retenue, fem. past part. of retenir RETAIN]

retiral /riˈtair(ə)l/ n. esp. Sc.  retirement from office etc. [尤苏格兰]退休；退职；退役；引退

retire /riˈtaiə/ v.  1  a intr.  leave office or employment, esp. because of age (尤指由于到了年纪而)退休；退职；退役  retire from the army  退役 retire on a pension  领退休金退休b tr.  cause (a person) to retire from work 使(某人)退休；退职；退役；辞退 2 intr.  withdraw; go away; retreat 撤出，离开，退却 3 intr.  seek seclusion or shelter 退隐；躲避 4 intr.  go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉 5 tr.  withdraw (troops) 撤出(队伍) 6  a intr. & tr. Cricket (of a batsman) voluntarily end or be compelled to suspend one's innings 【板球】(击球手)出局  retired hurt  受伤出局b tr. Baseball  put out (a batter); cause (a side) to end a turn at bat 【棒球】使(击球手、击球方)出局 7 tr. Econ.  withdraw (a bill or note) from circulation or currency 【经】使(某种货币)停止流通；停止发行 □ retire from the world   become a recluse 退隐，遁世□ retire into oneself   become uncommunicative or unsociable 不与人交流或交往；默不作声□ retirer  n.   [French retirer (as RE-, tirer ‘draw’)]

retired /riˈtaiəd/ adj.  1  a  having retired from employment 退休的；退职的；退役的  a retired teacher  退休教师b  relating to a retired person 与退休者有关的  received retired pay  领取退休金 2  withdrawn from society or observation; secluded 退隐的，隐居的  lives a retired life  过着隐居的生活 □ retiredness  n. archaic [古义] 

retirement /riˈtaiəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of retiring 退休；退职；退役b  the condition of having retired 退休状态 2  a  seclusion or privacy 退隐，独处b  a secluded place 隐居处

retirement age n.  the age at which most people normally retire from work 退休年龄

retirement home n.  1  a house, flat, etc. to which a person moves in old age (退休)老人福利院 2  an institution for elderly people needing care 敬老院，养老院

retirement pension n. Brit.  a pension paid by the state to retired people above a certain age [英] (政府发给超过一定年龄的退休者的)退休金，养老金

retiring /riˈtaiəriŋ/ adj.  shy; fond of seclusion 怕羞的，畏缩的，喜欢独处的 □ retiringly  adv.  

retiring age n. Brit. [英]  = RETIREMENT AGE 

retitle /ri:ˈtait(ə)l/ v. tr.  give a different title to 给…重新命名，重定头衔

retold past and past part.  of RETELL 

retook past  of RETAKE  

retool /ri:ˈtu:l/ v. tr.  equip (a factory etc.) with new tools 用新设备装备(工厂等)

retort1 /riˈtɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an incisive or witty or angry reply (尖锐、机智或愤怒的)反驳，回嘴 2  the turning of a charge or argument against its originator 反驳，驳回 3  a retaliation 反击，报复 ●v.  1  a tr.  say by way of a retort 反驳道，驳回，回嘴说b intr.  make a retort 反驳，驳回，回嘴 2 tr.  repay (an insult or attack) in kind 以同样方式报复(侮辱或攻击) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  return (mischief, a charge, sarcasm, etc.) to its originator (对伤害、指责、挖苦等)实行同样方式的反击 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  make (an argument) tell against its user 利用对方论据反驳对方 5 tr. (as 作 retorted adj.)  recurved; twisted or bent backwards 向后弯曲(或扭曲)的 [Latin retorquēre retort- (as RE-, torquēre ‘twist’)]

retort2 /riˈtɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a container, usu. of glass, with a long recurved neck used in distilling liquids 曲颈甑；蒸馏甑 2  a large receptacle or furnace for heating mercury for purification, coal to generate gas, or iron and carbon to make steel (提纯水银用的)干馏釜；(制煤气、冶金用的)蒸馏罐 ●v. tr.  purify (mercury) by heating in a retort (用干馏釜)提纯(水银) [French retorte from medieval Latin retorta, fem. past part. of retorquēre: see RETORT1]

retortion /riˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bending back; the condition of being bent back 扭转；向后扭曲，向后弯 2 (in international law) retaliation by a state on the subjects of another (国际法中)一国对另一国国民采取的报复行为 [RETORT1, perhaps on the pattern of contortion]

retouch /ri:ˈtʌtʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  improve or repair (a composition, picture, photographic negative or print, etc.) by fresh touches or alterations 润饰，润色(文章、图画等)；修整(底片、相片等) ●n.  the act or an instance of retouching 润饰，润色；修整 □ retoucher  n.   [probably from French retoucher (as RE-, TOUCH)]

retrace /riˈtreis/ v. tr.  1  go back over (one's steps etc.) 原路返回，折回 2  trace back to a source or beginning 追溯，探寻…的源头 3  recall the course of in one's memory 回忆，回顾 [French retracer (as RE-, TRACE1)]

retract /riˈtrækt/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  withdraw or revoke (a statement or undertaking) 收回，撤回(声明或承诺) 2  a tr. & intr. (esp. with reference to part of the body) draw or be drawn back or in 缩回，缩进(尤指身体的一部分)b tr.  draw (an undercarriage etc.) into the body of an aircraft 将(飞机的起落架等)收起 □ retractable  adj.  □ retraction  n.  □ retractive  adj.   [Latin retrahere or (in sense 1) retractare (as RE-, trahere tract- ‘draw’)]

retractile /riˈtræktail/ adj.  capable of being retracted 可缩回(缩进)的，可收起的 □ retractility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [RETRACT, on the pattern of contractile]

retractor /riˈtræktə/ n.  1  a muscle used for retracting 牵拉肌 2  a device for retracting 牵开器；牵引器；伸缩装置

retrain /ri:ˈtrein/ v. tr. & intr.  train again or further, esp. for new work (尤指为新工作)再次(或继续)培训

retral /ˈri:tr(ə)l/ adj. Biol.  hinder, posterior; at the back 【生】在后面的，后部的，背部的 [RETRO- + -AL]

retranslate /ri:trænsˈleit, -trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  translate again, esp. translate (a translation) back into the original language 再译(尤指将译文译回成原文) □ retranslation  n.  

retransmit /ri:trænzˈmit, -trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr. (retransmitted, retransmitting)  transmit (esp. radio signals or broadcast programmes) back again or to a further distance (尤指将无线电讯号或广播节目)发回(或转播) □ retransmission  /-ˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

retread v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈtred/  1 (past retrod; past part. retrodden)  tread (a path etc.) again 再次踏上(小路等) 2 (past and past part. retreaded)  put a fresh tread on (a tyre) 给(旧轮胎)装新胎面 ●n. /ˈri:tred/  1  a retreaded tyre 翻新的旧轮胎 2  a person recalled to service or retrained for new work 重服兵役者；接受培训后从事新工作的人 3  a thing or person superficially altered but essentially the same as a predecessor 表面变化但实质未变的人或物

retreat /riˈtri:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (esp. of military forces) go back, retire; relinquish a position (尤指军队)撤退，退却，撤出阵地b tr.  cause to retreat; move back 使后退，使向后移动 2 intr. (esp. of features) recede; slope back (尤指眼、鼻、额等面部特征)凹陷，塌陷 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of retreating 撤退，退却b Mil.  a signal for this 【军】撤退信号 2  withdrawal into privacy or security 退隐，隐蔽，躲避 3  a place of shelter or seclusion 隐居处，隐蔽处，躲避处 4  a period of seclusion for prayer and meditation 静静祈祷，静修，冥想 5 Mil. 【军】  a  a bugle call at sunset 日落时吹的军号b  a flag-lowering ceremony including this 日落时伴随军号的降旗仪式 6  an establishment for the care of the elderly, the mentally ill, etc. (老年人的)休养所；(精神病患者的)收容所 [Middle English via Old French retret (n.), retraiter (v.) from Latin retrahere: see RETRACT]

retrench /riˈtren(t)ʃ/ v.  1  a tr.  reduce the amount of (costs) 缩减(费用)b intr.  cut down expenses; introduce economies 削减开支，节约 2 tr.  shorten or abridge 缩短，删节 3 tr. esp. Austral.  make (an employee) redundant; sack [尤澳]裁减，解雇(员工) □ retrenchment  n.   [obsolete French retrencher (as RE-, TRENCH)]

retrial /ri:ˈtraiəl/ n.  a second or further (judicial) trial 再审；复审

retribution /retriˈbju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  requital usu. for evil done; vengeance (通常指所犯恶行的)报应，惩罚，果报 □ retributive  /riˈtribjʊtiv/ adj.  □ retributory  /riˈtribjʊt(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Late Latin retributio (as RE-, tribuere tribut- ‘assign’)]

retrieve /riˈtri:v/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  regain possession of 重新得到b  recover by investigation or effort of memory (通过调查或回忆)找回，重获，恢复 2  a  restore to knowledge or recall to mind 记起，回想起b  obtain (information stored in a computer etc.) 检索(电脑中储存的信息等) 3 (of a dog) find and bring in (killed or wounded game etc.) (狗)衔回(被打死或打伤的猎物等) 4 (foll. by 后跟 from)  recover or rescue (esp. from a bad state) (尤指从不利情形中)挽救，挽回，救出 5  restore to a flourishing state; revive 使恢复繁荣，使再生，使恢复生机 6  repair or set right (a loss or error etc.) 弥补或补救(损失；) 纠正(错误)  managed to retrieve the situation  设法挽回局面 ●n.  the possibility of recovery 恢复或挽回的可能性  beyond retrieve  无可挽回，无法补救 □ retrievability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ retrievable  adj.  □ retrieval  n.   [Middle English from Old French retroeve-, stressed stem of retrover (as RE-, trover ‘find’)]

retriever /riˈtri:və/ n.  1  a  a dog of a breed used for retrieving game 能衔回猎物的狗b  this breed 上述狗的品种 2  a person who retrieves something 复得者；挽回者；挽救者

retro /ˈretrəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a thing imitating something from the past 仿过去的东西 2  a nostalgic style or fashion in dress, music, etc. (服装、音乐等)怀旧意味的样式，重新流行的样式 ●adj.  imitative of a style or fashion from the past 模仿过去样式的，重新流行的 [French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde]

retro- /ˈretrəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting action back or in return (retroact 逆动，起反作用 ; retroflex 向后翻转的) 表示“回”、“倒退”、“后”、“向后”等 2 Anat. & Med.  denoting location behind 【解】【医】表示位置在后面的 [Latin retro ‘backwards’]

retroact /retrəʊˈækt/ v. intr.  1  operate in a backward direction 逆向运转，反向运动 2  have a retrospective effect 有追溯效力 3  react 起反作用 □ retroaction  n.  

retroactive /retrəʊˈæktiv/ adj. (esp. of legislation) having retrospective effect (尤指法律)有追溯效力的 □ retroactively  adv.  □ retroactivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.  

retrocede /retrə(ʊ)ˈsi:d/ v.  1 intr.  move back; recede 后退，退回 2 tr.  cede back again 交还，归还 □ retrocedence  n.  □ retrocedent  adj.  □ retrocession  /-ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ retrocessive  /-ˈsesiv/ adj.   [Latin retrocedere (as RETRO-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

retrochoir /ˈretrəʊkwaiə/ n.  the part of a cathedral or large church behind the high altar (大教堂中主祭坛后的)后堂区 [medieval Latin retrochorus (as RETRO-, CHOIR)]

retrod past  of RETREAD  1 

retrodden past part.  of RETREAD  1 

retrofit /ˈretrəʊfit/ v. tr. (-fitted, -fitting)  modify (machinery, vehicles, etc.) to incorporate changes and developments introduced after manufacture 对(生产出的机器、车辆等)进行改型(翻新) [RETROACTIVE + REFIT]

retroflex /ˈretrə(ʊ)fleks/ adj. (also 亦作 retroflexed)  1 Anat., Med. & Bot.  turned backwards 【解】【医】【植】反折的，向后翻的，后屈的 2 Phonet.  pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up towards the hard palate 【语音】卷舌(音)的 □ retroflexion  /-ˈflekʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin retroflectere retroflex- (as RETRO-, flectere ‘bend’)]

retrogradation /ˌretrəʊɡrəˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Astron. 【天】  1  the apparent backward motion of an outer planet, from east to west, when it is overtaken in its orbit by the earth (外行星在其轨道范围被地球赶上时看上去自东向西的)倒行 2  the orbiting of a celestial body in a reverse direction to normal (天体的)逆行 [Late Latin retrogradatio (as RETRO-, GRADATION)]

retrograde /ˈretrəɡreid/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  directed backwards; retreating 向后的，后退的 2  reverting esp. to an inferior state; declining 恶化的，退化的，退减的，衰退的 3  inverse, reversed 倒转的，颠倒的  in retrograde order  以相反顺序，逆序 4 Astron.  in or showing retrogradation 【天】处于(或表现出)逆行的 ●n.  a degenerate person 堕落的人 ●v. intr.  1  move backwards; recede, retire 向后移动，后退，倒退 2  decline, revert 衰退；退化 3 Astron.  show retrogradation 【天】逆行 □ retrogradely  adv.   [Middle English from Latin retrogradus (as RETRO-, gradus ‘step’, gradi ‘walk’)]

retrogress /retrə(ʊ)ˈɡres/ v. intr.  1  go back; move backwards 后移，倒退，向后运动 2  deteriorate 恶化，衰退；退化 □ retrogressive  adj.   [RETRO-, on the pattern of PROGRESS v.]

retrogression /retrə(ʊ)ˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  backward or reversed movement 向后运动，反向运动 2  a return to a less advanced state; a reversal of development; a decline or deterioration 倒退，退步；退化，恶化 3 Astron. 【天】  = RETROGRADATION  □ retrogressive  /-siv/ adj.   [RETRO-, on the pattern of progression]

retroject /retrə(ʊ)ˈdʒekt/ v. tr.  throw back (usu. opp. 通常反义 PROJECT) 向后抛，掷回 [RETRO-, on the pattern of PROJECT v.]

retro-rocket /ˈretrəʊrɒkit/ n.  an auxiliary rocket for slowing down a spacecraft etc., e.g. when re-entering the earth's atmosphere 制动火箭，减速火箭(一种使回到大气层的飞行器等减速的辅助火箭)

retrorse /riˈtrɔ:s/ adj. Biol.  turned back or down 【生】向后(或向下)弯的，倒向的 □ retrorsely  adv.   [Latin retrorsus = retroversus (as RETRO-, versus, past part. of vertere ‘turn’)]

retrospect /ˈretrəspekt/ n.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  regard or reference to precedent or authority, or to previous conditions 先例援引；追溯力 2  a survey of past time or events 追溯，回顾 □ in retrospect   1  when looked back on 当被回想起来时 2  when looking back; with hindsight 回想起来，事后看来 [RETRO-, on the pattern of PROSPECT n.]

retrospection /retrə(ʊ)ˈspekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the action of looking back, esp. into the past 回想，回顾，追溯 2  an indulgence or engagement in retrospect 沉溺于回想 [probably from verb retrospect (as RETROSPECT)]

retrospective /retrə(ʊ)ˈspektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  looking back on or dealing with the past 回顾的，回想的；追溯的 2 (of an exhibition, recital, etc.) showing an artist's development over his or her lifetime (展览、音乐会等)显示某个艺术家作品发展轨迹的，回顾性的 3 esp. Brit. (of a statute etc.) applying to the past as well as the future; retroactive [尤英] (法令等)既适用于过去又适用于将来的，溯及既往的，有追溯效力的 4 (of a view) lying to the rear (景观)在后部的 ●n.  a retrospective exhibition, recital, etc. 作品回顾展，回顾演出等 □ retrospectively  adv.  

retrosternal /retrə(ʊ)ˈstɜ:n(ə)l/ adj. Anat. & Med.  behind the breastbone 【解】【医】胸骨后的

retroussé /rəˈtru:sei/ adj. (of the nose) turned up at the tip (鼻子)尖端上翘的 [French, past part. of retrousser ‘tuck up’ (as RE-, TRUSS)]

retrovert /ˈretrəvɜ:t/ v. tr.  1  turn backwards 使向后弯曲，使后倾，使翻转 2 (as 作 retroverted adj.) Med. (of the womb) having a backward inclination 【医】(子宫)后倾的 □ retroversion  /-ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin retrovertere (as RETRO-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

retrovirus /ˈretrəʊvairəs/ n. Biol.  any of a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g. HIV 【生】逆转录酶病毒 [modern Latin, from the initial letters of reverse transcriptase + -O- + VIRUS]

retry /ri:ˈtrai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  try (a defendant or lawsuit) a second or further time 再审；复审

retsina /retˈsi:nə/ n.  a Greek white or rosé wine flavoured with resin 松香味希腊白(或红)葡萄酒 [modern Greek]

retune /ri:ˈtju:n/ v. tr.  1  tune (a musical instrument) again or differently 为(乐器)再调音，重新调音 2  tune (a radio etc.) to a different frequency 将(收音机等)调到另一个频率

returf /ri:ˈtɜ:f/ v. tr. Brit.  provide with new turf [英]用新草皮铺盖

return /riˈtɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  come or go back 回来，回去，返回 2 tr.  bring, put, or send back to the person or place etc. where originally belonging or obtained 归还；退回；放回；把…送回  returned the fish to the river  把鱼放回河里 have you returned my scissors?  你把剪刀还给我了吗？ 3 tr.  pay back or reciprocate; give in response 回报，报答  decided not to return the compliment  决定不回敬 4 tr.  yield (a profit) 产生(收益) 5 tr.  say in reply; retort 回答说；回嘴说 6 tr. (in cricket, tennis, etc.) hit or send (the ball) back after receiving it (板球、网球等比赛中)将(来球)击回 7 tr.  state or mention or describe officially, esp. in answer to a writ or formal demand (尤指在答复令状或要求时)正式陈述，正式提及，正式说明 8 tr. Brit. (of an electorate) elect as an MP, government, etc. [英] (选民)选…为下院议员(或内阁成员)等 9 tr. Cards 【牌戏】  a  lead (a suit) previously led or bid by a partner 跟着打出(同伴先打出或叫出的花色)b  lead (a suit or card) after taking a trick 打完一墩后出(某个花色或牌) 10 tr. Archit.  continue (a wall etc.) in a changed direction, esp. at right angles 【建】使(墙壁等)转延(尤指在直角处) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of coming or going back 回来，回去，返回 2  a  the act or an instance of giving or sending or putting or paying back 归还，送回，放回；回报，报答b  a thing given or sent back 归还或送还的东西 3 (in full 全称 return ticket) esp. Brit.  a ticket for a journey to a place and back to the starting point [尤英]往返票 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  the proceeds or profit of an undertaking (某项事业的)收益，利润b  the acquisition of these (上述收益或利润的)取得 5  a formal report or statement compiled or submitted by order (汇编或奉命上交的)正式报告，正式报表，正式陈述  an income tax return  所得税报表 6 (in full 全称 return match or game)  a second match etc. between the same opponents 回访比赛 7 Electr.  a conductor bringing a current back to its source 【电】回路导线 8 Brit.  a sheriff's report on a writ [英] (行政司法长官等对令状执行结果的)汇报书 9 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a person's election as an MP etc. 当选为下院议员b  a returning officer's announcement of this (当选议员本人的)当选宣告 10 Archit.  a part receding from the line of the front, e.g. the side of a house or of a window opening 【建】转延侧面，转延墙壁(如房屋侧面或有窗户的侧面) 11  a (in full 全称 carriage return key)  a key pressed to return the carriage of an electric typewriter to a fixed position (电子打字机的)回车键b (in full 全称 return key)  a key pressed on a computer keyboard to simulate this (电脑的)回车键 □ by return (of post)  Brit.  by the next available post in the return direction [英]由最近一班回程邮递□ in return   as an exchange or reciprocal action 作为报答，作为回报，作为交换□ many happy returns (of the day)   a greeting on a birthday (生日祝贺语)长命百岁□ return thanks  Brit.  express thanks esp. in a grace at meals or in response to a toast or condolence [英] (尤指对宴会、祝酒或吊唁的)答谢□ returnable  adj.  □ returner  n.  □ returnless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French returner (as RE-, TURN)]

return crease n. Cricket  each of two lines joining the popping crease and bowling crease at right angles to the bowling crease and extending beyond it 【板球】(投球区的)后限制线

returnee /ritɜ:ˈni:/ n.  1  a person who returns home from abroad, esp. after war service 归国者(尤指海外服役后归国的军人) 2  a person who returns to work, esp. after bringing up a family (尤指养家后)重新工作的人

returning officer n. Brit.  an official conducting an election in a constituency and announcing the results [英] (负责一选区的选举事宜并宣布选举结果的)选举监察官

retuse /riˈtju:s/ adj. esp. Bot.  having a broad end with a central depression (尤)【植】微凹形的 [Latin retundere retus- (as RE-, tundere ‘beat’)]

retying pres. part.  of RETIE  

retype /ri:ˈtaip/ v. tr.  type again, esp. to correct errors (尤指为修改错误)重新在打字机上打出，重打字

reunify /ri:ˈju:nifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  restore (esp. separated territories) to a political unity 使(尤指分裂的国土)恢复政治统一 □ reunification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reunion /ri:ˈju:njən, -iən/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of reuniting 再联合；再结合；再会合b  the condition of being reunited 团聚，团圆 2  a social gathering esp. of people formerly associated (尤指旧相识的)重聚 [French réunion or Anglo-Latin reunio from Latin reunire ‘unite’ (as RE-, UNION)]

reunite /ri:jʊˈnait/ v. tr. & intr.  bring or come back together (使)再联合；(使)重新结合；(使)重聚

reupholster /ri:ʌpˈhəʊlstə, -ˈhɒl-/ v. tr.  upholster anew 为…重装椅面 □ reupholstery  n.  

reuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈju:z/  use again or more than once 再次(或多次)使用 ●n. /ri:ˈju:s/  a second or further use 再次使用；进一步利用 □ reusable  /-ˈju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  

reutilize /ri:ˈju:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  utilize again or for a different purpose 再次利用；(为达到不同目的)再利用 □ reutilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Rev. abbr. [缩略]  1  Reverend  2  Revelation (New Testament) 

rev /rev/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the number of revolutions of an engine per minute (发动机每分钟)转速  running at 3,000 revs  以每分钟 3000 转旋转 ●v. (revved, revving)  1 intr. (of an engine) revolve; turn over (发动机)旋转 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cause (an engine) to run quickly 使(发动机)高速旋转 [abbreviation]

revaccinate /ri:ˈvæksineit/ v. tr.  vaccinate again 给…再种痘，再接种疫苗 □ revaccination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

revalue /ri:ˈvælju:/ v. tr. (revalues, revalued, revaluing) Econ.  give a different value to, esp. give a higher value to (a currency) in relation to other currencies or gold (opp. 反义 DEVALUE) 【经】对…再估价(尤指参照其他货币或黄金将某种货币升值) □ revaluation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

revamp /ri:ˈvæmp/ v. tr.  1  renovate, revise, improve 翻新；修改；改进 2  patch up 修补 [RE- + VAMP1]

revanchism /riˈvæn(t)ʃiz(ə)m/ n. Polit.  a policy of seeking to retaliate, esp. to recover lost territory 【政】(尤指战败国为收复失地等在外交上推行的)复仇政策(主义) □ revanchist  n. & adj.   [French revanche (as REVENGE)]

revarnish /ri:ˈvɑ:niʃ/ v. tr.  varnish again 给…再涂清漆；再修饰；再掩饰

rev counter n.  = REVOLUTION COUNTER 

Revd abbr. [缩略]  Reverend 

reveal1 /riˈvi:l/ v. tr.  1  display or show; allow to appear 展示，显示；使显露 2 (often as 常作 revealing adj.)  disclose, divulge, betray 揭露；透露；泄露；暴露  revealed his plans  透露了他的计划 a revealing remark  暴露内情的话 3 tr. (in refl. or passive 用反身或被动)  come to sight or knowledge 显示，启示 4 Relig. (esp. of God) make known by inspiration or supernatural means 【宗】(尤指上帝通过灵感或超自然的方式)启示，默示 □ revealable  adj.  □ revealer  n.  □ revealingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French reveler or Latin revelare (as RE-, velum ‘veil’)]

reveal2 /riˈvi:l/ n.  an internal side surface of an opening or recess, esp. of a doorway or window aperture (尤指门或窗口的)侧墙面；窗侧；门侧 [obsolete revale ‘to lower’, via Old French revaler from avaler (as RE-, VAIL)]

revealed religion n.  a religion based on revelation (opp. 反义 NATURAL RELIGION) 启示宗教(以上帝的启示为信仰基础的宗教)

revegetate /ri:ˈvedʒiteit/ v. tr.  produce a new growth of vegetation on (disturbed or barren ground) 在(荒芜或贫瘠的土地)上再种植被 □ revegetation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

reveille /riˈvæli/ n.  a military waking-signal sounded in the morning on a bugle or drums etc. (军队)起床号，起床鼓声 [French réveillez, imperative pl. of réveiller ‘awaken’ (as RE-, veiller from Latin vigilare ‘keep watch’)]

revel /ˈrev(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. (revelled, revelling; US [美] reveled, reveling)  1 intr.  have a good time; be extravagantly festive 作乐，狂欢 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  take keen delight in 酷爱，沉迷，陶醉，热中 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  throw away (money or time) in revelry 在狂欢中耗费(金钱或时间) ●n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the act or an instance of revelling 作乐，狂欢 □ reveller  n.  □ revelry  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old French reveler ‘riot’ from Latin rebellare REBEL v.]

revelation /revəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of revealing, esp. the supposed disclosure of knowledge to humankind by a divine or supernatural agency 显示；揭示，揭露；暴露；透露；启示(尤指神或超自然力对人类的启示)b  knowledge disclosed in this way 被显示(或揭示、揭露、透露)的内容；神示内容 2  a striking disclosure 惊人的新发现，出人意料的被揭露的内情  it was a revelation to me  这真使我感到意外 3 (作 Revelation or colloq. [口] Revelations) (in full 全称 the Revelation of St John the Divine)  the last book of the New Testament, recounting a divine revelation of the future to St John 启示录《圣经·新约》的末卷，内容是向圣约翰神示未来 □ revelational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French revelation or Late Latin revelatio (as REVEAL1)]

revelationist /revəˈleiʃ(ə)nist/ n.  a believer in divine revelation 天启论者

revelatory /revəˈleit(ə)ri, ˈrev(ə)lət(ə)ri/ adj.  serving to reveal, esp. something significant (尤指对重要事物)揭示性的，揭露性的；展示的；启示的 [Latin revelare: see REVEAL1]

revenant /ˈrev(ə)nənt/ n.  a person who has returned, esp. supposedly from the dead 归来者(尤指来自阴间的亡魂、亡灵) [French, pres. part. of revenir: see REVENUE]

revenge /riˈven(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  retaliation for an offence or injury 复仇，报仇 2  an act of retaliation 报复行为 3  the desire for this; a vindictive feeling 报仇欲望，复仇心 4 (in games) a chance to win after an earlier defeat (比赛中先前失败一方的)雪耻机会；雪耻赛 ●v.  1 tr. (作 refl. or in passive 用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  inflict retaliation for an offence 报复，报仇 2 tr.  inflict retaliation for (an offence) 对(冒犯)进行报复，报…之仇 3 tr.  inflict retaliation on behalf of (a person) 为(某人)报仇 4 intr.  take vengeance 复仇，报仇 □ revenger  n.   [Middle English via Old French revenger, revencher from Late Latin revindicare (as RE-, vindicare ‘lay claim to’)]■Usage 用法说明 The verb revenge is usually used in the passive or as a reflexive verb, often followed by on or upon, e.g. He intended to be revenged upon them all; They revenged themselves on their creditors (see sense 1 above) Avenge is also, but less commonly, used in these constructions. Like avenge, revenge can mean ‘inflict retaliation for (an offence) or on behalf of (a person)’, but it is less common than avenge in these senses (see senses 2 and 3 above). See also Usage Note at AVENGE. 动词 revenge 通常用于被动语态或用作反身动词，其后常跟 on 或 upon, 如 He intended to be revenged upon them all (他要对他们进行报复)； They revenged themselves on their creditors (他们对债权人进行了报复) (见上面释义 1) 。 avenge 也可用于这些结构中，但不常见。与 avenge 一样， revenge 也可以作“对(冒犯)进行报复”或“为(某人)报仇”的意思(见上面释义 2 、 3) ，但这些意思不如用 avenge 表达更普遍。另见 AVENGE 用法说明。 

revengeful /riˈven(d)ʒfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  eager for revenge 一心想复仇的 □ revengefully  adv.  □ revengefulness  n.  

revenue /ˈrevənju:/ n.  1  a  income, esp. of a large amount, from any source (尤指任何来源的大笔)收入b (in pl. 用复数)  items constituting this 各项收入，总收入 2  a state's annual income from which public expenses are met 国家税收，国家年收入，岁入 3  the department of the civil service collecting this 税务局，税务署 [Middle English from Old French revenu(e), past part. of revenir, from Latin revenire ‘return’ (as RE-, venire ‘come’)]

revenue tax n.  a tax imposed to raise revenue, rather than to affect trade (为增加财政收入而不是为限制贸易而课征的)税收，岁入税

reverb /ˈri:vɜ:b, riˈvɜ:b/ n. Mus. colloq. 【音】[口]  1  reverberation 混响 2  a device to produce this 混响装置 [abbreviation]

reverberate /riˈvɜ:bəreit/ v.  1  a intr. (of sound, light, or heat) be returned or echoed or reflected repeatedly (声音)回响，回荡；(光或热)被反射b tr.  return (a sound etc.) in this way 使(声音等)回荡；反射(光、热等) 2 intr.  a (of a story, rumour, etc.) be heard much or repeatedly (故事、谣传等)多次或反复被听到b (of an event) have continuing effects (事件)余波连连，不断发生后效 □ reverberant  adj.  □ reverberantly  adv.  □ reverberation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ reverberative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ reverberator  n.  □ reverberatory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin reverberare (as RE-, verberare ‘to lash’ from verbera (pl.) ‘scourge’)]

reverberatory furnace n. (also 亦作 reverberating furnace)  a furnace constructed to throw heat back on to the substance exposed to it 反射炉(一种将热量反射给受热体的熔炉)

revere /riˈviə/ v. tr.  hold in deep and usu. affectionate or religious respect; venerate 尊崇，崇敬；敬畏 [French révérer or Latin reverēri (as RE-, verēri ‘fear’)]

reverence /ˈrev(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act of revering or the state of being revered (受)敬爱，(受)敬仰，(受)崇敬  hold in reverence  怀有敬意 feel reverence for  觉得…可敬b  the capacity for revering 受尊敬的资格，威望  lacks reverence  缺乏威望 2 archaic  a gesture showing that one reveres; a bow or curtsy [古义]敬礼；鞠躬；曲膝礼 3 (作 Reverence)  a title used of or to some members of the clergy (对神职人员(如教士)的尊称)尊敬的阁下 ●v. tr.  regard or treat with reverence 尊敬(崇敬、恭敬)地对待 [Middle English via Old French from Latin reverentia (as REVERE)]

reverend /ˈrev(ə)r(ə)nd/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. as the title of a clergyman) deserving reverence (尤指作为对神职人员的称呼)值得尊敬的 ●n. colloq.  a clergyman [口]教士 [Middle English from Old French reverend or Latin reverendus, gerundive of reverēri: see REVERE]■Usage 用法说明 Note the difference between reverend ‘deserving reverence’ and reverent ‘showing reverence’ 注意 reverend (值得尊敬的，可敬的)与 reverent (表示尊敬的，恭敬的)的区别。 

Reverend Mother n.  the title of the Mother Superior of a convent 院长嬷嬷(对女修道院院长的尊称)

reverent /ˈrev(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  feeling or showing reverence 表示尊敬的；虔敬的，恭敬的 □ reverently  adv.   [Middle English from Latin reverens (as REVERE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REVEREND. 见 REVEREND 用法说明。 

reverential /revəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ n.  of the nature of, due to, or characterized by reverence 可敬的，令人尊敬的；表示(或出于)尊敬的；恭敬的，虔敬的 □ reverentially  adv.   [medieval Latin reverentialis (as REVERE)]

reverie /ˈrev(ə)ri/ n.  1  a fit of abstracted musing (一阵)出神，幻想；白日梦  was lost in a reverie  沉浸于幻想 2 archaic  a fantastic notion or theory; a delusion [古义]奇思怪想；错觉，妄念 3 Mus.  an instrumental piece suggesting a dreamy or musing state 【音】梦幻曲，幻想曲 [obsolete French resverie from Old French reverie ‘rejoicing, revelry’, from rever ‘be delirious’, of unknown origin]

revers /riˈviə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-ˈviəz/)  1  the turned-back edge of a garment revealing the undersurface (衣服的)翻边，翻口，翻领 2  the material on this surface 翻边(口)衣料 [French, = REVERSE]

reverse /riˈvɜ:s/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  turn the other way round or up or inside out 使反向；使倒转；使翻转；使(由里向外)翻出 2 tr.  change to the opposite character or effect 对…作(性质或效果相反的)根本改变  reversed the decision  彻底改变原决定 3 intr. & tr.  travel or cause to travel backwards (使)倒退 4 tr.  make (an engine etc.) work in a contrary direction 使(发动机等)反向运转 5 tr.  revoke or annul (a decree, act, etc.) 撤销或废止(法令、法案等) 6 intr. (of a dancer, esp. in a waltz) revolve in the opposite direction (舞蹈者，尤指在华尔兹舞中)反向旋转 ●adj.  1  placed or turned in an opposite direction or position (方向或位置)相反的，背对的，反面的 2  opposite or contrary in character or order; inverted 性质相反的；逆序的；反向的；倒转的 ●n.  1  the opposite or contrary 相反情况，对立面  the reverse is the case  事实正相反 is the reverse of the truth  与真相相反 2  the contrary of the usual manner 反常举止 3  an occurrence of misfortune; a disaster, esp. a defeat in battle 逆转；厄运；挫折(尤指战斗的失败)  suffered a reverse  遭受挫折 4  reverse gear or motion 回动装置；回动 5  the reverse side of something (某事物的)反面，背面 6  a  the side of a coin or medal etc. bearing the secondary design (硬币或奖章等的)背面b  this design (cf. 参见 OBVERSE 1) (硬币或奖章等的)背面图案 7  the verso of a leaf of a book etc. (书的)左页，(书页的)反面 □ reverse arms   hold a rifle with the butt upwards (致哀口令)枪口朝下！□ reverse the charges   make the recipient of a telephone call responsible for payment 使(受话方)付电话费□ reversal  n.  □ reversely  adv.  □ reverser  n.  □ reversible  adj.  □ reversibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ reversibly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French revers (n.), reverser (v.) from Latin revertere revers- (as RE-, vertere ‘turn’)]■Usage 用法说明 Reversal is the noun corresponding to the verb reverse, e.g. The reversal of the decision, while reversion is the noun corresponding to the verb revert, e.g. The reversion of the building to its original use. 名词 reversal 与动词 reverse 对应，如 The reversal of the decision (决定的彻底改变)；而名词 reversion 与动词 revert 对应，如 The reversion of the building to its original use (恢复大楼原来的用途)。 

reverse-charge adj. Brit. (of a telephone call) for which the recipient pays [英] (电话)由受话方付费的

reverse engineering n.  the reproduction of another manufacturer's product following detailed examination of its construction or composition 倒序制造(指得到另一厂家产品后根据拆开的机件进行仿制)

reverse fault n. Geol.  an oblique fault in which the rock strata above the fault are displaced upwards in relation to those below it 【地质】(岩层的)逆断层，冲断层

reverse gear n.  a gear used to make a vehicle etc. travel backwards (汽车等的)倒车齿轮；回动装置

reverse Polish notation  see 见 POLISH NOTATION 

reverse take-over n.  the take-over of a public company by a smaller esp. private one 小公司(尤指私有公司)对公开招股公司的接管

reversing light n. Brit.  a white light at the rear of a vehicle operated when the vehicle is in reverse gear [英]倒车灯，后照灯

reversion /riˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a return to a previous state, habit, etc. (状态、习惯等的)回复，恢复，复原 2  a  the legal right (esp. of the original owner, or his or her heirs) to possess or succeed to property on the death of the present possessor (尤指原主人或其继承人在目前所有者死后的)法定继承权；未来所有权b  property to which a person has such a right (上述)法定继承的财产 3 Biol.  a return to ancestral type 【生】返祖 4  a sum payable on a person's death, esp. by way of life insurance 恤金(尤指寿险赔偿) □ reversional  adj.  □ reversionary  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reversion or Latin reversio (as REVERSE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at REVERSE. 见 REVERSE 用法说明。 

revert /riˈvɜ:t/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  return to a former state, practice, opinion, etc. 恢复原状(或旧业、以前看法等)，回复，复归 2 intr. (of property, an office, etc.) return by reversion (财产、职位等)归还，归属 3 intr.  fall back into a wild state 回复突变；回到野蛮(或野生)状态 4 tr.  turn (one's eyes or steps) back 把(目光、脚步等)转回 □ reverter  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)   [Middle English from Old French revertir or Latin revertere (as REVERSE)]

revertible /riˈvɜ:tib(ə)l/ adj. (of property) subject to reversion (财产)应归还的

revet /riˈvet/ v. tr. (revetted, revetting)  face (a rampart, wall, etc.) with masonry, esp. in fortification (尤指为加固而)用砖石或水泥等铺盖(壁垒、墙等) [French revêtir via Old French revestir from Late Latin revestire (as RE-, vestire ‘clothe’ from vestis)]

revetment /riˈvetm(ə)nt/ n. (esp. in fortification) a retaining wall or facing of masonry etc. (尤指起加固作用的)护墙，障壁；砖石或水泥的铺面等 [French revêtement (as REVET)]

review /riˈvju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a general survey or assessment of a subject or thing 温习，复习 2  a retrospect or survey of the past 回顾；复查 3  revision or reconsideration 修订，修正；重新考虑  is under review  在修订中 4  a display and formal inspection of troops etc. (军队等的)检阅，阅兵(式) 5  a published account or criticism of a book, play, etc. (公开发表的对书、戏剧等的)评论 6  a periodical publication with critical articles on current events, the arts, etc. (刊有对时事、艺术等评论的)期刊，杂志 7  a second view 反思；检讨 8  a facility for playing a tape recording during a fast rewind 磁带审听倒带装置 ●v. tr.  1  survey or look back on 温习，复习；复查；回顾 2  reconsider or revise 重新考虑；修正 3  hold a review of (troops etc.) 检阅(军队等) 4  write a review of (a book, play, etc.) 为(书、戏剧等)写评论 5  view again 再观察，再考察 □ reviewable  adj.  □ reviewal  n.  □ reviewer  n.   [obsolete French reveue from revoir (as RE-, voir ‘see’)]

revile /riˈvail/ v.  1 tr.  abuse; criticize abusively 辱骂；斥责 2 intr.  talk abusively; rail 谩骂，辱骂；责骂 □ revilement  n.  □ reviler  n.  □ reviling  n.   [Middle English from Old French reviler (as RE-, VILE)]

revise /riˈvaiz/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  examine or re-examine and improve or amend (esp. written or printed matter) (尤指对书面或印刷内容进行)校订；订正，修订 2  consider and alter (an opinion etc.) 考虑后更改(看法等) 3 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Brit.  read again (work learnt or done) to improve one's knowledge, esp. for an examination [英]复习，温习 ●n. Printing  a proof-sheet including corrections made in an earlier proof 【印刷】(改掉前一校错误的)改样 □ revisable  adj.  □ revisal  n.  □ reviser  n.  □ revisory  adj.   [French réviser ‘look at’, or Latin revisere (as RE-, visere, intensive of vidēre vis- ‘see’)]

Revised Standard Version n.  a revision of the American Standard Version of the Bible (which was based on the Revised Version), published in 1946-57 标准译本的修订本(由美国学者根据基督教《圣经》美国标准译本修订而成，出版于 1946 至 1957 年)

Revised Version n.  a revision of the Authorized Version of the Bible, published in 1881-95 (基督教《圣经》)钦定本的修订本(出版于 1881 至 1895 年)

revision /riˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of revising; the process of being revised 校订；订正，修订 2  a revised edition or form 修订本，订正版 □ revisionary  adj.   [Old French revision or Late Latin revisio (as REVISE)]

revisionism /riˈviʒ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n. often derog. [常贬]  1  a policy of revision or modification, esp. of Marxism on evolutionary socialist (rather than revolutionary) or pluralist principles (尤指篡改马克思主义的)修正主义 2  the theory or practice of revising one's attitude to a previously accepted situation or point of view 修正主义理论或实践 □ revisionist  n. & adj.  

revisit /ri:ˈvizit/ v. tr. (revisited, revisiting)  visit again 再次参观(或访问)；重游

revitalize /ri:ˈvait(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  imbue with new life and vitality 使新生，使得到新的活力 □ revitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

revival /riˈvaiv(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of reviving; the process of being revived 苏醒；复苏；复活 2  a new production of an old play etc. (旧剧等的)重新制作；重演 3  a revived use of an old practice, custom, etc. (旧的做法、习俗等的)复兴；重新流行 4  a  a reawakening of religious fervour 宗教热忱的再度觉醒，奋兴b  a series of evangelistic meetings to promote this (促使上述觉醒的)奋兴布道会，奋兴会 5  restoration to bodily or mental vigour or to life or consciousness (体力、神智等的)恢复

revivalism /riˈvaiv(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  belief in or the promotion of a revival of religious fervour 宗教奋兴的信仰；(意在重振宗教热忱的)奋兴运动 2  a tendency or desire to revive a former custom or practice 复古倾向，复古主义 □ revivalist  n. & adj.  □ revivalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

revive /riˈvaiv/ v. intr. & tr.  1  come or bring back to consciousness or life or strength (使)恢复(知觉、生机或力量)；(使)复苏 2  come or bring back to existence, use, notice, etc. (使)复活；(使)复兴；(使)再被使用或注意；(使)重新流行 □ revivable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French revivre or Late Latin revivere (as RE-, Latin vivere ‘live’)]

reviver /riˈvaivə/ n.  1  a person or thing that revives 使恢复(或复活、复兴)者(指人或物) 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  a stimulating drink [尤英口]刺激性饮料，兴奋剂；酒 3  a preparation used for restoring a faded colour, lustre, etc. 生色剂

revivify /riˈvivifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  restore to animation, activity, vigour, or life 使恢复生机(或活力)，使重新活跃 □ revivification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French revivifier or Late Latin revivificare (as RE-, VIVIFY)]

revoke /riˈvəʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  rescind, withdraw, or cancel (a decree or promise etc.) 废除；撤回；撤销(法令或许诺等) 2 intr. Cards  fail to follow suit when able to do so 【牌戏】藏牌(可以跟牌却不跟的犯规打法) ●n. Cards  the act of revoking 【牌戏】藏牌 □ revocable  /ˈrevəkəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ revocability  /revəkəˈbiliti/ n.  □ revocation  /revəˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ revocatory  /ˈrevəkət(ə)ri/ adj.  □ revoker  n.   [Middle English from Old French revoquer or Latin revocare (as RE-, vocare ‘call’)]

revolt /riˈvəʊlt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  rise in rebellion 起义；叛乱b (as 作 revolted adj.)  having revolted 起义的；叛乱的，叛乱中的 2  a tr. (often in passive 常用被动)  affect with loathing; nauseate 使讨厌，使厌恶，使反感  was revolted by the thought of it  一想到它就感到厌恶b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, against)  feel strong disgust 感到强烈厌恶，(对…)极其反感 ●n.  1  an act of rebelling 起义；叛乱 2  a state of insurrection 起义(或叛乱)状态  in revolt  起义中 3  a sense of loathing 讨厌，厌恶，反感 4  a mood of protest or defiance 抗议(或违抗)的情绪 [French révolter from Italian rivoltare, ultimately from Latin revolvere (as REVOLVE)]

revolting /riˈvəʊltiŋ/ adj.  disgusting, horrible 令人厌恶的，使人反感的；糟透的；难看的 □ revoltingly  adv.  

revolute /ˈrevəlu:t/ adj. Bot.  etc. having a rolled-back edge 【植】边缘向后(或向下)卷的，外卷的 [Latin revolutus, past part. of revolvere: see REVOLVE]

revolution /revəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system 革命(指暴力推翻旧体制建立新体制)b (in Marxism) the replacement of one ruling class by another; the class struggle which is expected to lead to political change and the triumph of communism (马克思主义中通过阶级斗争消灭旧的统治阶级，完成政治变革，以实现共产主义的)共产主义革命 2  any fundamental change or reversal of conditions 根本性的转变，大变革 3  the act or an instance of revolving 旋转；绕转 4  a  motion in orbit or a circular course or round an axis or centre; rotation (在轨道或圆形路线上)运行，公转；(围绕轴或圆心)转动，自转b  the single completion of an orbit or rotation (公转或自转的)一圈c  the time taken for this 周期 5  a cyclic recurrence 周期性运动，循环 □ revolutionism  n.  □ revolutionist  n.   [Middle English from Old French revolution or Late Latin revolutio (as REVOLVE)]

revolutionary /revəˈlu:ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  involving great and often violent change or innovation 革命性的，产生猛烈变革的，完全创新的 2  of or causing political revolution 革命的 3 (作 Revolutionary)  of or relating to a particular revolution, esp. the War of American Independence 有关某次具体革命(尤指美国独立战争)的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  an instigator or supporter of political revolution 革命党人；革命者

revolution counter n.  a device for indicating the number or rate of revolutions of an engine etc. (发动机等的)转速计数器

revolutionize /revəˈlu:ʃ(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  introduce fundamental change to 引起…的根本变革

revolve /riˈvɒlv/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  turn or cause to turn round, esp. on an axis; rotate (使)旋转；(尤指绕轴)自转 2 intr.  move in a circular orbit (围绕圆形轨道)绕转；公转 3 tr.  ponder (a problem etc.) in the mind 反复思考，斟酌，盘算 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 around)  have as its chief concern; be centred upon 以…为中心，围绕  his life revolves around his job  他的生活是以工作为中心的 [Middle English from Latin revolvere (as RE-, volvere ‘roll’)]

revolver /riˈvɒlvə/ n.  a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading 左轮手枪

revolving credit n.  credit that is automatically renewed as debts are paid off 循环信贷，周转信用

revolving door n.  a door with usu. four partitions turning round a central axis (通常有四扇门扉的)旋转门

revue /riˈvju:/ n.  a theatrical entertainment of a series of short usu. satirical sketches and songs (通常由一系列讽刺性短剧和歌曲组成的)时俗讽刺剧，滑稽歌舞串演 [French, = REVIEW n.]

revulsion /riˈvʌlʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  abhorrence; a sense of loathing 憎恶，厌恶 2  a sudden violent change of feeling 感情的突变 3  a sudden reaction in taste, fortune, trade, etc. (口味、运气、生意等方面的)急剧反应 4 Med.  counterirritation; the treatment of one disordered organ etc. by acting upon another 【医】诱导(法) [French revulsion or Latin revulsio (as RE-, vellere vuls- ‘pull’)]

revulsive /riˈvʌlsiv/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  producing revulsion 诱导(法)的 ●n.  a revulsive substance 诱导剂

reward /riˈwɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a return or recompense for service or merit 回报，酬劳，报偿，报答b  requital for good or evil; retribution 奖赏；报应 2  a sum offered for the detection of a criminal, the restoration of lost property, etc. (发现罪犯、找回失物等的)酬金，赏格 ●v. tr.  give a reward to (a person) or for (a service etc.) 报答，酬劳(某人)；给(某人)应有报应；酬谢，报偿(服务等) □ rewardless  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old Northern French reward = Old French reguard REGARD]

rewarding /riˈwɔ:diŋ/ adj. (of an activity etc.) well worth doing; providing satisfaction (活动等)很值得做的，会使人满意的，有益的 □ rewardingly  adv.  

rewarewa /ˈreiwəreiwə/ n.  a tall red-flowered tree, Knightia excelsa, of New Zealand 一种山龙眼科植物(产于新西兰，树形高大，开红花) [Maori]

rewash /ri:ˈwɒʃ/ v. tr.  wash again 再洗

reweigh /ri:ˈwei/ v. tr.  weigh again 再称量

rewind v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈwaind/ (past and past part. rewound)  wind (a film or tape etc.) back to the beginning 倒回(胶卷、磁带等) ●n. /ˈri:waind/  1  a mechanism for rewinding film, tape, etc. 重绕装置；倒带装置；倒片(倒卷)装置 2  the action or process of rewinding film, tape, etc. 倒卷；倒片；倒带；倒回 □ rewinder  n.  

rewire /ri:ˈwaiə/ v. tr.  provide (a building etc.) with new wiring 为(建筑物等)配新线 □ rewirable  adj.  

reword /ri:ˈwɜ:d/ v. tr.  change the wording of 改变…的措辞

rework /ri:ˈwɜ:k/ v. tr.  revise; refashion, remake 修订，修正；重做，重制 □ reworking  n.  

rewound past and past part.  of REWIND 

rewrap /ri:ˈræp/ v. tr. (rewrapped, rewrapping)  wrap again or differently 再次(重新)包装

rewrite v. & n. ●v. tr. /ri:ˈrait/ (past rewrote; past part. rewritten)  write again or differently 重写；改写 ●n. /ˈri:rait/  1  the act or an instance of rewriting 重写；改写 2  a thing rewritten 重写(或改写)的文稿

Rex /reks/ n.  the reigning king (following a name or in the titles of lawsuits, e.g. Rex v. Jones the Crown versus Jones) (在位)君主，王(接在名字后，或用于刑事诉讼案名，如 Rex v. Jones 国王诉琼斯案) [Latin]

Rexine /ˈreksi:n/ n. Brit. propr.  an artificial leather used in upholstery, bookbinding, etc. [英] [商标] (用于装潢、书籍装帧等的)人造皮 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Reykjavik /ˈreikjəvi:k/ n.  雷克雅未克 [冰岛首都]

Reynard /ˈrenɑ:d, ˈrei-/ n.  a fox (esp. as a proper name in stories) 列那狐(寓言故事中的狐的名字) [Middle English from Old French Renart, the name of a fox in the medieval fable Roman de Renart]

Reynolds number /ˈren(ə)ldz/ n. Physics  a quantity indicating the degree of turbulence of flow around an object, in a pipe, etc. 【物理学】雷诺数(表示物体周围、管道内部等湍流流动的量) [named after O. Reynolds, English physicist d. 1912]

Rf symb. Chem.  the element rutherfordium [符]【化】(化学元素)鑪

r.f. abbr.  radio frequency [缩略]无线电频率

RFA abbr. (in the UK) Royal Fleet Auxiliary [缩略] (英国)皇家后备舰队

RFC abbr. [缩略]  1  Rugby Football Club 橄榄球俱乐部 2 hist.  Royal Flying Corps [史义]皇家陆军航空队

RGS abbr.  Royal Geographical Society [缩略]皇家地理学会

Rh symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element rhodium 【化】(化学元素)铑 2 Med.  rhesus (factor) 【医】猕因子， Rh 因子

r.h. abbr.  right hand [缩略]右手

RHA abbr. (in the UK) Royal Horse Artillery [缩略] (英国)皇家骑炮兵

rhabdomancy /ˈræbdəmænsi/ n.  the use of a divining rod, esp. for discovering subterranean water or mineral ore (尤指用占卜杖占测地下水或矿物的)棍卜，棍卜术 [Greek rhabdomanteia from rhabdos ‘rod’: see -MANCY]

Rhadamanthine /rædəˈmænθain/ adj.  stern and incorruptible in judgement 铁面无私的，刚正不阿的 [Latin Rhadamanthus from Greek Rhadamanthos, the name of a judge in the underworld]

Rhaeto-Romance /ˌri:tə(ʊ)rəʊˈmæns/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Rhaeto-Romanic /-ˈmænik/) ●adj.  of or in any of the Romance dialects of SE Switzerland and Tyrol, esp. Romansh and Ladin (瑞士东南和蒂罗尔使用的)雷蒂亚－罗马语的 ●n.  any of these dialects 雷蒂亚－罗马语 [Latin Rhaetus ‘of Rhaetia’, a Roman province in the Alps + ROMANCE]

rhapsode /ˈræpsəʊd/ n. Gk Hist.  a usu. professional reciter of epic poems, esp. of Homer [希]【史】(通常指职业的)史诗吟诵者(尤指荷马史诗吟诵者) [Greek rhapsōidos, from rhaptō ‘stitch’ + ōidē ‘song, ODE’]

rhapsodist /ˈræpsədist/ n.  1  a person who rhapsodizes 狂想诗文的作者；狂言者 2 Gk Hist. [希]【史】  = RHAPSODE 

rhapsodize /ˈræpsədaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  write rhapsodies or talk in a rhapsodic manner 写作狂想诗文；狂热地说

rhapsody /ˈræpsədi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an enthusiastic, ecstatic, or extravagant utterance or composition 狂热的赞词(或诗文) 2 Mus.  a piece of music in one extended movement, usu. emotional in character 【音】狂想曲 3 Gk Hist.  an epic poem, or part of it, of a length for one recitation [希]【史】(供一次吟诵的)史诗，史诗的一节 □ rhapsodic  /ræpˈsɒdik/ adj.  □ rhapsodical  /ræpˈsɒdik(ə)l/ adj. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 、 2)   [Latin rhapsodia from Greek rhapsōidia (as RHAPSODE)]

rhatany /ˈrætəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a. S. American shrub, Krameria trianda, from which an astringent root extract is obtained 拉坦尼(南美灌木，其根汁被提取作收敛剂) 2  the root of this 拉坦尼根 [modern Latin rhatania via Portuguese ratanha, Spanish ratania from Quechua rataña]

rhea /ˈri:ə/ n.  any of several S. American flightless birds of the family Rheidae, like but smaller than an ostrich 美洲鸵(产于南美，不能飞，体型类似但小于鸵鸟) [modern Latin genus name from Latin and Greek Rhea, the name of the mother of Zeus]

rhebok /ˈri:bɒk/ n. (also 亦作 reebok)  a small southern African antelope, Pelea capreolus, with a long slender neck and short straight horns 短角羚(产于南非，体型小，颈细长，角短而直) [Dutch reebok ‘roebuck’]

Rhenish /ˈreniʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the Rhine and the regions adjoining it 莱茵河流域的 ●n.  wine from this area (产于莱茵河流域的)莱茵(白)葡萄酒 [Middle English rynis, rynisch etc. via Anglo-French reneis, Old French r(a)inois from Latin Rhenanus, from Rhenus ‘Rhine’]

rhenium /ˈri:niəm/ n. Chem.  a rare metallic element of the manganese group, occurring naturally in molybdenum ores and used in the manufacture of superconducting alloys (symbol 符 Re) 【化】(化学元素)铼 [modern Latin from Latin Rhenus ‘Rhine’]

rheology /riˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the science dealing with the flow and deformation of matter 流变学 □ rheological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ rheologist  n.   [Greek rheos ‘stream’ + -LOGY]

rheostat /ˈri:əstæt/ n. Electr.  an instrument used to control a current by varying the resistance 【电】变阻器 □ rheostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.   [Greek rheos ‘stream’ + -STAT]

rhesus /ˈri:səs/ n. (in full 全称 rhesus monkey)  a small catarrhine monkey, Macaca mulatta, common in N. India 猕猴，恒河猴(常见于北印度的一种小型狭鼻猴，猕猴属) [modern Latin, arbitrary use of Latin Rhesus from Greek Rhēsos, the name of a mythical king of Thrace]

rhesus baby n.  an infant with a haemolytic disorder caused by the incompatibility of its own rhesus-positive blood with its mother's rhesus-negative blood 溶血性疾患儿(由于婴儿 Rh 阳性血液与其母亲 Rh 阴性血液不相容而导致溶血紊乱的新生儿)

rhesus factor n.  an antigen occurring on the red blood cells of most humans and some other primates (as in the rhesus monkey, in which it was first observed) 猕因子， Rh 因子(大多数人和一些灵长类动物红血球的抗原，首先在恒河猴血液中发现)

rhesus-negative adj.  lacking the rhesus factor 缺少 Rh 因子的

rhesus-positive adj.  having the rhesus factor 含有 Rh 因子的

rhetor /ˈri:tə/ n.  1  an ancient Greek or Roman teacher or professor of rhetoric (古希腊或古罗马的)修辞学教师(或大师) 2 usu. derog.  an orator [通常贬] (职业)演说家 [Middle English via Late Latin rethor and Latin rhetor from Greek rhētōr]

rhetoric /ˈretərik/ n.  1  the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing 修辞学；雄辩术 2  language designed to persuade or impress (often with an implication of insincerity or exaggeration etc.) (试图说服人或给人深刻印象的)言词，巧辩，辞令(常带有不实或浮夸意味) [Middle English via Old French rethorique and Latin rhetorica, -ice from Greek rhētorikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of rhetoric’ (as RHETOR)]

rhetorical /riˈtɒrik(ə)l/ adj.  1  expressed with a view to persuasive or impressive effect; artificial or extravagant in language 言辞浮夸的，辞藻华丽的 2  of the nature of rhetoric 言辞的，修辞的 3  a  of or relating to the art of rhetoric 有关修辞的，修辞学的b  given to rhetoric; oratorical 惯于修辞的；演说的，雄辩的 □ rhetorically  adv.   [Middle English via Latin rhetoricus from Greek rhētorikos (as RHETOR)]

rhetorical question n.  a question asked not for information but to produce an effect, e.g. who cares? for nobody cares 修辞性疑问(句)；反问，反诘(如 who cares? 有谁在乎呢？，即 nobody cares 没人在乎)

rhetorician /retəˈriʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an orator 演说家，雄辩者 2  a teacher of rhetoric 修辞学教师 3  a rhetorical speaker or writer 讲话语言(或写作文笔)华丽的人，功于修辞的人 [Middle English from Old French rethoricien (as RHETORICAL)]

rheum /ru:m/ n.  a watery discharge from a mucous membrane, esp. of the eyes or nose 稀黏液(尤指眼泪或鼻涕) □ rheumy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French reume, ultimately via Greek rheuma -atos ‘stream’ from rheō ‘flow’]

rheumatic /rʊˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, relating to, or suffering from rheumatism (患)风湿病的；有关风湿病的 2  producing or produced by rheumatism 导致风湿病的；由风湿病引起的 ●n.  a person suffering from rheumatism 风湿病患者 □ rheumatically  adv.  □ rheumaticky  adj. colloq. [口]   [Middle English via Old French reumatique or Latin rheumaticus from Greek rheumatikos (as RHEUM)]

rheumatic fever n.  a non-infectious fever with inflammation and pain in the joints 风湿热(一种伴有关节炎症及疼痛的非传染性疾病)

rheumatics /rʊˈmætiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数 ; often prec. by 常前接 the) colloq.  rheumatism [口]风湿病

rheumatism /ˈru:mətiz(ə)m/ n.  any disease marked by inflammation and pain in the joints, muscles, or fibrous tissue, esp. rheumatoid arthritis (任何伴有关节、肌肉或软组织炎症的)风湿性疾病(尤指类风湿性关节炎) [French rhumatisme or Latin rheumatismus from Greek rheumatismos, via rheumatizō ‘to snuffle’ from rheuma ‘stream’]

rheumatoid /ˈru:mətɔid/ adj.  having the character of rheumatism 类风湿症的，风湿症状的

rheumatoid arthritis n.  a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation and stiffening of the joints 类风湿性关节炎(一种逐渐导致关节炎症并使其僵硬的慢性疾病)

rheumatology /ru:məˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of rheumatic diseases 风湿病学 □ rheumatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ rheumatologist  n.  

RHG abbr. (in the UK) Royal Horse Guards [缩略] (英国)皇家近卫骑兵团

rhinal /ˈrain(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of a nostril or the nose 【解】鼻腔的；鼻的 [Greek rhis rhin-: see RHINO-]

rhinestone /ˈrainstəʊn/ n.  an imitation diamond 莱茵石(一种人造钻石) [Rhine, a river and region in Germany + STONE]

rhinitis /raiˈnaitis, ri-/ n.  inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose 鼻炎 [Greek rhis rhinos ‘nose’]

rhino /ˈrainəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or same 单复同) colloq.  a rhinoceros [口]犀牛 [abbreviation]

rhino- /ˈrainəʊ/ comb. form Anat.  the nose [构词成分]【解】鼻 [Greek rhis rhinos ‘nostril, nose’]

rhinoceros /raiˈnɒs(ə)rəs/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or rhinoceroses)  any of various large thick-skinned plant-eating ungulates of the family Rhinocerotidae of Africa and S. Asia, with one horn or in some cases two horns on the nose and plated or folded skin 犀牛(产于非洲及南亚，鼻上长有一只或两只角，皮很厚并有皱褶，有蹄类大型草食动物) □ rhinocerotic  /raiˌnɒsəˈrɒtik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek rhinokerōs (as RHINO-, keras ‘horn’)]

rhinoceros beetle n.  a very large horned scarabaeid beetle of the subfamily Dynastinae 独角仙(一种有角大甲虫)

rhinoceros bird n.  = OX-PECKER 

rhinoceros horn n.  a mass of keratinized fibres, reputed to have medicinal or aphrodisiac powers 犀角(据称有药用或壮阳作用)

rhinopharyngeal /ˌrainəʊfəˈrin(d)ʒiəl, -fær(ə)nˈdʒi:əl/ adj.  of or relating to the nose and pharynx 鼻咽的

rhinoplasty /ˈrainə(ʊ)plæsti/ n.  plastic surgery performed on the nose 鼻成形术 □ rhinoplastic  adj.  

rhizo- /ˈraizəʊ/ comb.form Bot.  a root [构词成分]【植】根 [Greek rhiza ‘root’]

rhizobium /raiˈzəʊbiəm/ n.  a nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium of the genus Rhizobium, found esp. in the root nodules of leguminous plants 根瘤菌(生于豆科植物根部，有固氮作用) [modern Latin genus name, from RHIZO- + Greek bios ‘life’ + -IUM]

rhizocarp /ˈraizə(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n.  a plant with a perennial root but stems that wither 宿根植物 [RHIZO- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

rhizoid /ˈraizɔid/ adj. & n. Bot. 【植】  ●adj.  rootlike 根状的 ●n.  a root-hair or filament in mosses, ferns, etc. (苔藓或蕨类植物等的)根丝，假根

rhizome /ˈraizəʊm/ n.  an underground rootlike stem bearing both roots and shoots 根茎，根状茎 [Greek rhizōma from rhizoō ‘take root’ (as RHIZO-)]

rhizopod /ˈraizə(ʊ)pɒd/ n.  any protozoan of the class Rhizopoda, having extensible pseudopodia, e.g. an amoeba 根足虫(生有可以展开的伪足的原生动物，如变形虫) [modern Latin Rhizopoda, from RHIZO- + Greek pous podos ‘foot’]

rho /rəʊ/ n.  the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet (P, ρ) 希腊字母表中第 17 个字母，写法为 (P, ρ) [Greek]

Rhoda /ˈrəudə/   罗达 [人名]

rhodamine /ˈrəʊdəmi:n/ n. Chem.  any of various red synthetic dyes used to colour textiles 【化】若丹明(用于彩色纺织的红色合成染料) [RHODO- + AMINE]

Rhode Island Red /rəʊd/ n.  an originally American breed of reddish-black domestic fowl 红毛罗得鸡(家禽，原产于美国，羽毛红黑色) [Rhode Island, a state in the north-eastern US]

Rhodes Scholarship /rəʊdz/ n.  any of several scholarships awarded annually and tenable at Oxford University by students from certain Commonwealth countries, South Africa, the United States, and Germany 罗兹奖学金(牛津大学一年一度的奖学金，授予英联邦国家、南非、美国及德国的学生) □ Rhodes Scholar  n.  罗兹奖学金获得者 [named after Cecil Rhodes, British statesman (d. 1902), who founded them]

rhodium /ˈrəʊdiəm/ n. Chem.  a hard white metallic element of the platinum group, occurring naturally in platinum ores and used in making alloys and plating jewellery (symbol 符 Rh) 【化】(化学元素)铑(坚硬的白色金属，自然存在于铂矿中，用以制合金或镀珠宝) [Greek rhodon ‘rose’ (from the colour of the solution of its salts)]

rhodo- /ˈrəʊdəʊ/ comb. form esp. Mineral. & Chem.  rose-coloured [构词成分] (尤)【矿】【化】玫瑰色的 [Greek rhodon ‘rose’]

rhodochrosite /rəʊdə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊsait/ n.  a mineral form of manganese carbonate occurring in rose-red crystals 菱锰矿 [Greek rhodokhrous ‘rose-coloured’]

rhododendron /rəʊdəˈdendr(ə)n/ n.  a shrub of the genus Rhododendron, esp. an evergreen one, with large clusters of bell-shaped flowers 杜鹃(杜鹃花属灌木，尤指一种常绿灌木，有大串的铃状花簇) [Latin, = oleander, from Greek (as RHODO-, dendron ‘tree’)]

rhodopsin /rə(ʊ)ˈdɒpsin/ n.  = VISUAL PURPLE  [Greek rhodon ‘rose’ + opsis ‘sight’]

rhodora /rə(ʊ)ˈdɔ:rə/ n.  a N. American pink-flowered shrub, Rhododendron canadense 北美杜鹃(灌木，花呈粉色) [modern Latin Rhodora former genus name, from a Latin plant-name, from Greek rhodon ‘rose’]

rhomb /rɒm(b)/ n.  = RHOMBUS  □ rhombic  adj.   [French rhombe or Latin rhombus]

rhombencephalon /rɒmbenˈsef(ə)lɒn, -ˈkef-/ n. Anat. 【解】  = HINDBRAIN  [RHOMB + ENCEPHALON]

rhombi pl.  of RHOMBUS  

rhombohedron /rɒmbə(ʊ)ˈhi:dr(ə)n, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. rhombohedra /-drə/ or rhombohedrons)  1  a solid bounded by six equal rhombuses 菱形六面体 2  a crystal in this form 菱面体(一种菱形六面体结晶) □ rhombohedral  adj.   [RHOMBUS, on the pattern of polyhedron etc.]

rhomboid /ˈrɒmbɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 rhomboidal /-ˈbɔid(ə)l/)  having or nearly having the shape of a rhombus (近似)菱形的 ●n.  a quadrilateral of which only the opposite sides and angles are equal 菱形 [French rhomboïde or Late Latin rhomboides from Greek rhomboeidēs (as RHOMB)]

rhomboideus /rɒmˈbɔidiəs/ n. (pl. rhomboidei /-diai/) Anat.  a muscle connecting the shoulder blade to the vertebrae 【解】菱形肌(连接肩胛与椎骨的肌肉) [modern Latin rhomboideus RHOMBOID]

rhombus /ˈrɒmbəs/ n. (pl. rhombuses or rhombi /-bai/) Geom.  a parallelogram with oblique angles and equal sides 【几】菱形 [Latin from Greek rhombos]

rhotic /ˈrəʊtik/ adj.  of or relating to a dialect or variety of English in which r is pronounced before a consonant (as in hard) and at the ends of words (as in far) (英语方言或不同地区的英语中)字母 r 在辅音前和在词尾时须发音的(如 hard 和 far) ；与 r 发音的方言有关的 [Greek rhot-, stem of RHO + -IC]

RHS abbr. [缩略]  1  Royal Historical Society 皇家历史学会 2  Royal Horticultural Society 皇家园艺学会 3  Royal Humane Society 皇家人道协会

rhubarb /ˈru:bɑ:b/ n.  1  a  any of various plants of the genus Rheum, esp. R. rhaponticum, producing long fleshy dark red leaf-stalks used cooked as food 大黄(尤指菜用大黄，其暗红色肉质长叶柄可烹饪食用)b  the leaf-stalks of this 大黄的叶柄 2  a  a root of a plant of the genus Rheum growing in Tibet and other regions of China (中国西藏和其他地区的)大黄根b  a purgative made from this (用上述的大黄根制的)泻药 3 Brit. [英]  a colloq.  a murmurous conversation or noise, esp. the repetition of the word ‘rhubarb’ by crowd actors [口]人声喧哗(尤指群众演员口中重复“ rhubarb ”造成的声音效果)b slang  nonsense; worthless stuff [俚语]废话；无价值的东西 4 US slang  a heated dispute [美] [俚语]热烈的争论(或争吵) [Middle English from Old French r(e)ubarbe, shortening of medieval Latin r(h)eubarbarum, alteration (by association with Greek rhēon ‘rhubarb’) of rhabarbarum ‘foreign rhubarb’, ultimately from Greek rha (also meaning ‘rhubarb’) + barbaros ‘foreign’]

rhumb /rʌm/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  any of the 32 points of the compass 罗盘方位(罗盘上 32 点中的任一点) 2  the angle between two successive compass points 罗盘上相邻两点间的夹角 3 (in full 全称 rhumb-line)  a  a line cutting all meridians at the same angle 与所有子午线呈同一夹角的线b  the line followed by a ship sailing in a fixed direction (船只朝固定方向航行时的)恒向线 [French rumb, probably from Dutch ruim ‘room’, associated with Latin rhombus: see RHOMBUS]

rhumba var.  of RUMBA  RUMBA 的变体

rhyme /raim/ n. & v. (also archaic [亦古义] rime) ●n.  1  identity of sound between words or the endings of words, esp. in verse (尤指诗、韵文的)韵 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  verse having rhymes 韵文 3  a  the use of rhyme 押韵b  a poem having rhymes 韵律诗 4  a word providing a rhyme 押韵词，同韵词 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of words or lines) produce a rhyme (词或行)押韵b (foll. by 后跟 with)  act as a rhyme (with another) 成韵，同属一韵 2 intr.  make or write rhymes; versify 写韵文；作诗 3 tr.  put or make (a story etc.) into rhyme 将(故事等)改写为韵文；使成押韵诗 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  treat (a word) as rhyming with another 使成韵；用…押韵 □ without rhyme or reason   lacking discernible sense or logic 无缘无故，莫名其妙；杂乱无章□ rhymeless  adj.  □ rhymer  n.  □ rhymist  n.   [Middle English rime via Old French rime, and medieval Latin rithmus, rythmus from Latin, from Greek rhuthmos RHYTHM]

rhymester /ˈraimstə/ n.  a writer of (esp. simple) rhymes 诗人；打油诗人

rhyming slang n. (esp. Cockney) slang that replaces words by rhyming words or phrases, e.g. stairs by apples and pears, often with the rhyming element omitted (as in TITFER) (尤指伦敦话中)同韵俚语(指用同韵词或短语替代原词的俚语，如将 stairs 替换为 apples and pears ，俚语中常将韵省略，如 tit for tat 省略成 TITFER)

rhyolite /ˈraiəlait/ n.  a fine-grained volcanic rock of granitic composition 流纹岩 [German Rhyolit, from Greek rhuax ‘lava-stream’ + lithos ‘stone’]

rhythm /ˈrið(ə)m/ n.  1  a measured flow of words and phrases in verse or prose determined by various relations of long and short or accented and unaccented syllables 律动；节律，节奏 2  a  the aspect of musical composition concerned with periodical accent and the duration of notes 音乐节奏；拍子b  a particular type of pattern formed by this 某种特定的音乐节奏  samba rhythm  桑巴舞节奏 3 Physiol.  movement with a regular succession of strong and weak elements 【生理】节律，周期性 4  a regularly recurring pattern of events or actions (事件或行动的)规律性反复模式，规律性循环 5  a sense of rhythm 节奏感 6 Art  a harmonious correlation of parts 【艺术】(各部分的)调和，和谐，匀称 □ rhythmless  adj.   [French rhythme or Latin rhythmus from Greek rhuthmos, related to rhēo ‘flow’]

rhythm and blues n.  popular music with a blues theme and a strong rhythm 节奏布鲁斯(具有布鲁斯主旋律及强烈节奏的流行音乐)

rhythmic /ˈriðmik/ adj. (also 亦作 rhythmical)  1  relating to or characterized by rhythm 有关节奏的；有节奏的；有节律的 2  regularly occurring 规律性的，有规律的 □ rhythmically  adv.   [French rhythmique or Latin rhythmicus (as RHYTHM)]

rhythmic gymnastics n. pl. (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  a form of gymnastics emphasing dancelike rhythmic routines, often with ribbons, hoops, etc. 韵律体操

rhythmicity /riðˈmisiti/ n.  1  rhythmical quality or character 节奏性，韵律性 2  the capacity for maintaining a rhythm 节律性

rhythm method n.  birth control by avoiding sexual intercourse when ovulation is likely to occur 安全期避孕法(指在妊娠可能性最高期间避免房事的节育法)

rhythm section n.  the part of a dance band or jazz band mainly supplying rhythm, usu. consisting of piano or guitar etc., bass, and drums 节奏乐器组(舞蹈乐队或爵士乐队中主要负责节奏的部分，通常由钢琴或吉他等以及低音乐器和鼓组成)

RI abbr. [缩略]  1  King and Emperor 国王和皇帝 2  Queen and Empress 女王和女皇 3 US  Rhode Island (also in official postal use) [美]罗得岛(亦正式邮政用语) 4  Royal Institute or Institution  [sense 1 from Latin rex et imperator: sense 2 from Latin regina et imperatrix]

RIA abbr.  Royal Irish Academy [缩略]爱尔兰皇家研究院

ria /ˈri:ə/ n. Geog.  a long narrow inlet formed by the partial submergence of a river valley 【地理】溺湾(指由于河谷被部分淹没形成的狭长的水湾) [Spanish ría ‘estuary’]

rial /ˈri:ɑ:l/ n. (also 亦作 riyal)  the chief monetary unit of Iran, equal to 100 dinars 里亚尔(伊朗的主要货币，相当于 100 第纳尔) [Persian, via Arabic riyal from Spanish real ROYAL]

rib /rib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine and protecting the thoracic cavity and its organs 肋骨 2  a joint of meat from this part of an animal 肋条；排骨 3  a ridge or long raised piece often of stronger or thicker material across a surface or through a structure serving to support or strengthen it (起支撑或加固作用的)肋状突起，拱肋 4  any of a ship's transverse curved timbers forming the framework of the hull (构成船体结构的)肋材 5 Knitting  a combination of plain and purl stitches producing a ribbed somewhat elastic fabric 【编织】凸起条纹，罗纹 6  each of the hinged rods supporting the fabric of an umbrella 伞骨 7  a vein of a leaf or an insect's wing 叶的主脉；昆虫的翅脉 8 Aeron.  a structural member in an aerofoil 【空】翼肋 ●v. tr. (ribbed, ribbing)  1  provide with ribs; act as the ribs of 加肋于…，充当…的肋(或肋材) 2 colloq.  make fun of; tease [口]开…的玩笑，逗，戏弄 3  mark with ridges 使成肋状，起棱 4  plough with spaces between the furrows 筑出田埂耕(地) □ ribless  adj.   [Old English rib, ribb, from Germanic]

RIBA abbr.  Royal Institute of British Architects [缩略]英国皇家建筑师协会

ribald /ˈrib(ə)ld/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of language or its user) coarsely or disrespectfully humorous; scurrilous (语言或人品)粗俗的，下流的，不堪入耳(或入目)的 ●n.  a user of ribald language 言语粗俗下流的人 [Middle English (earlier sense ‘low-born retainer’) via Old French ribau(l)d, from riber ‘pursue licentious pleasures’, from Germanic]

ribaldry /ˈrib(ə)ldri/ n.  ribald talk or behaviour 粗俗下流的言谈或举止

riband /ˈrib(ə)nd/ n.  a ribbon 丝带，缎带 [Middle English from Old French riban, probably from a Germanic compound of BAND1]

ribbed /ribd/ adj.  having ribs or riblike markings 有肋骨的；有罗纹(或棱纹)的；呈肋骨状的；有肋状物支撑的

ribbing /ˈribiŋ/ n.  1  ribs or a riblike structure, esp. a band of knitting in rib 肋骨，肋材，肋状结构(尤指罗纹) 2 colloq.  the act or an instance of teasing [口]开玩笑，逗，戏弄

ribbon /ˈrib(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a narrow strip or band of fabric, used esp. for trimming or decoration (尤指供装饰用的)丝带，缎带，彩纸带b  material in this form 带状材料 2  a ribbon of a special colour etc. worn to indicate some honour or membership of a sports team etc. (标志荣誉或运动队身份等的)绶带，饰带，勋带 3  a long narrow strip of anything, e.g. impregnated material forming the inking agent in a typewriter 带状物(如打字机色带) 4 (in pl. 用复数)  ragged strips 碎片，碎条  torn to ribbons  被撕成碎片 □ ribboned  adj.   [variant of RIBAND]

ribbon development n. Brit.  the building of houses along a main road, usu. one leading out of a town or village [英]带状发展(沿公路干线的房屋修建，通常延伸出城镇或乡村)

ribbonfish /ˈrib(ə)nfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any of various long slender fishes with a flattened body, esp. of the families Trachipteridae and Regalecidae 带状鱼(尤指细尾带鱼或皇带鱼)

ribbon worm n.  a nemertean 纽虫；纽形动物

ribcage /ˈribkeidʒ/ n.  the wall of bones formed by the ribs round the chest 胸廓，胸腔

riboflavin /raibə(ʊ)ˈfleivin/ n. (also 亦作 riboflavine /-vi:n/)  a vitamin of the B complex, found in liver, milk, and eggs, essential for energy production Also called 亦称作 vitamin B2 核黄素(亦称维生素 B2 ，存在于肝、奶、鸡蛋等中，是补充体能所必需的) [RIBOSE + Latin flavus ‘yellow’]

ribonucleic acid /ˌraibənju:ˈkleiik, -ˈkli:ik/ n.  a nucleic acid yielding ribose on hydrolysis, present in living cells, esp. in ribosomes where it is involved in protein synthesis (abbr. 缩略 : RNA) 核糖核酸(能在水解作用中产生核糖，存在于活细胞中，尤存在于参与蛋白质合成的核糖体中) [RIBOSE + NUCLEIC ACID]

ribose /ˈraibəʊz, -s/ n.  a sugar found in many nucleosides and in several vitamins and enzymes 核糖(存在于多数核苷及一些维生素和酶中) [German, alteration of Arabinose, a related sugar]

ribosome /ˈraibəsəʊm/ n. Biochem.  each of the minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in the cytoplasm of living cells, concerned with the synthesis of proteins 【生化】核糖体 □ ribosomal  adj.   [RIBONUCLEIC ACID + -SOME3]

rib-tickler n.  something amusing; a joke 惹人发笑的事；笑话，玩笑

ribwort /ˈribwɜ:t/ n.  a kind of plantain (see 见 PLANTAIN1) with long narrow ribbed leaves 长叶车前

Ricardian /riˈkɑ:diən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the time of any of three kings of England, Richard I, II, and III. 英格兰三位理查国王(即理查一世，二世及三世)统治时期的；有关这些时期的 2  of or holding the view that Richard III (reigned 1483-85) was unjustly misrepresented by later writers 认为理查三世 (1483 至 1485 年在位)被后世作家的作品歪曲的 ●n.  a supporter of Richard III 国王理查三世的支持者 [medieval Latin Ricardus ‘Richard’ + -IAN]

rice /rais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a swamp grass, Oryza sativa, cultivated in marshes, esp. in Asia (尤指亚洲)水稻 2  the grains of this, used as cereal food 米 ●v. tr. US  sieve (cooked potatoes etc.) into thin strings [美] (用压粒器或粗筛)将(煮熟的土豆等)压成米粒状 □ ricer  n.   [Middle English rys via Old French ris from Italian riso, ultimately from Greek oruza, of oriental origin]

rice-bowl n.  an area producing much rice 稻米之乡

rice-paper n.  edible paper made from the pith of an oriental tree and used for painting and in cookery 米纸(用通脱木的木髓制成，用于绘画，本身可食)

ricercar /ri:tʃəˈkɑ:, ˈri:tʃəkɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 ricercare /-ˈkɑ:rei/)  an elaborate contrapuntal instrumental composition in fugal or canonic style, esp. of the 16th － 18th c. 寻求曲(尤指 16 至 18 世纪具赋格曲或轮唱风格的器乐作品) [Italian, = seek out]

rich /ritʃ/ adj.  1  having much wealth 富有的，富裕的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  splendid, costly, elaborate 华贵的，精致华丽的  rich tapestries  华丽的挂毯 rich with lace  饰满华丽的花边 3  valuable 贵重的，很有价值的  rich offerings  贵重的献礼 4  copious, abundant, ample 丰富的，充裕的，充足的  a rich harvest  丰收 a rich supply of ideas  源源不断的想法 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with) (of soil or a region etc.) abounding in natural resources or means of production; fertile (土地或地区等)盛产的；富饶的，肥沃的  rich in nutrients  富有营养 rich with vines  盛产葡萄 6 (of food or diet) containing much fat or spice etc. (饮食)油腻的；作料多(味重)的 7 (of the mixture in an internal-combustion engine) containing a high proportion of fuel (内燃机内混合燃料)可燃成分高的 8 (of colour or sound or smell) mellow and deep, strong and full (颜色)富丽的，浓艳的；(声音)深沉而圆润的，醇厚的；(气味)馥郁的 9  a (of an incident or assertion etc.) highly amusing or ludicrous; outrageous (事情或声明等)极其有趣的，滑稽可笑的，荒唐的b (of humour) earthy (幽默)粗俗的 □ richen  v. intr. & tr.  □ richness  n.   [Old English rīce via Germanic from Celtic, related to Latin rex ‘king’: reinforced in Middle English from Old French riche ‘rich, powerful’, of Germanic origin]

Richard /ˈritʃəd/   理查德 [人名]

riches /ˈritʃiz/ n. pl.  abundant means; valuable possessions 财富，财产；财宝 [Middle English richesse from Old French richeise, from riche RICH, taken as pl.]

Richie /ˈritʃi/   里奇 [人名]

richly /ˈritʃli/ adv.  1  in a rich way 富丽地；豪华地；丰富地 2  fully, thoroughly 完全地，彻底地  richly deserves success  完全应该得到成功

Richter scale /ˈriktə/ n.  a logarithmic scale of 0 to 10 for representing the strength of an earthquake 里氏震级(地震等级标度，数值范围从 0 到 10 级) [named after C.F. Richter, American seismologist d. 1985]

ricin /ˈraisin, ˈrisin/ n.  a toxic substance obtained from castor oil beans and causing gastroenteritis, jaundice, and heart failure 蓖麻蛋白，蓖麻毒(从蓖麻油中取得，可导致肠胃炎、黄疸及心力衰竭的一种有毒物质) [modern Latin Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant]

Rick /rik/   里克 [人名]

rick1 /rik/ n. & v. ●n.  a stack of hay, corn, etc., built into a regular shape and usu. thatched (形状规则，通常以茅草覆盖的)干草堆，禾垛等 ●v. tr.  form into a rick or ricks 把…堆成堆(或垛) [Old English hrēac, of unknown origin]

rick2 /rik/ n. & v. Brit. [英] (also 亦作 wrick) ●n.  a slight sprain or strain 轻度扭伤 ●v. tr.  sprain or strain slightly 轻微扭伤 [Middle English wricke from Middle Low German wricken ‘move about, sprain’]

rickets /ˈrikits/ n. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a disease of children with softening of the bones (esp. the spine) and bow-legs, caused by a deficiency of vitamin D 软骨病，佝偻病(一种由于缺乏维生素 D 而造成的儿童病，患者骨质软，并有罗圈腿) [17th c.: origin uncertain, but associated by medical writers with Greek rhakhitis RACHITIS]

rickettsia /riˈketsiə/ n.  a parasitic micro-organism of the genus Rickettsia causing typhus and other febrile diseases 立克次氏体(导致斑疹伤寒症及其他热病的一种寄生微生物) □ rickettsial  adj.   [modern Latin, named after H. T. Ricketts, American pathologist d. 1910]

rickety /ˈrikiti/ adj.  1  a  insecure or shaky in construction; likely to collapse 不牢靠的，摇晃的，看上去要倒的b  feeble 虚弱的，无力的 2  a  suffering from rickets 患佝偻病的b  resembling or of the nature of rickets (类似)佝偻病的 □ ricketiness  n.   [RICKETS + -Y1]

rickey /ˈriki/ n. (pl. -eys)  a drink of spirit (esp. gin), lime juice, etc. 利克酒(一种由杜松子酒、酸橙汁等混合成的饮料) [19th c.: probably from the surname Rickey]

rickrack var.  of RICRAC  RICRAC 的变体

rickshaw /ˈrikʃɔ:/ n. (also 亦作 ricksha /-ʃə/)  a light two-wheeled hooded vehicle drawn by one or more persons 人力车，黄包车 [abbreviation of jinricksha, jinrikshaw from Japanese jinrikisha, from jin ‘person’ + riki ‘power’ + sha ‘vehicle’]

Ricky /ˈriki/   里基 [人名]

ricochet /ˈrikəʃei, -ʃet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the action of a projectile, esp. a shell or bullet, in rebounding off a surface (尤指炮弹或子弹接触硬物表面后的)反弹，跳飞 2  a hit made after this 跳弹的打击(击伤) ●v. intr. (ricocheted /-ʃeid/; ricocheting /-ʃeiiŋ/ or ricochetted /-ʃetid/; ricochetting /-ʃetiŋ/) (of a projectile) rebound one or more times from a surface (射弹在硬物表面一次或多次)反弹，跳飞 [French, of unknown origin]

ricotta /riˈkɒtə/ n.  a soft Italian cheese 意大利乳清干酪 [Italian, = recooked, from Latin recoquere (as RE-, coquere ‘cook’)]

ricrac /ˈrikræk/ n. (also 亦作 rickrack)  a zigzag braided trimming for garments (衣服的)波曲形花边，荷叶边 [reduplication of RACK1]

RICS abbr.  Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors [缩略]皇家特许测量员协会

rictus /ˈriktəs/ n.  1 Anat. & Zool.  the expanse or gape of a mouth or beak 【解】【动】(鸟等的)嘴裂，喙裂 2  a fixed grimace or grin (表情僵化的)龇牙咧嘴 □ rictal  adj.   [Latin, = open mouth, from ringi rict- ‘to gape’]

rid /rid/ v. tr. (ridding; past and past part. rid or archaic [古义] ridded) (foll. by 后跟 of)  make (a person or place) free of something unwanted 使(某人)免于…，从…中解脱；将…清除出(某处) □ be (or get) rid of   be freed or relieved of (something unwanted); dispose of 摆脱(或使摆脱)；除去…的负担；处理掉 [earlier = clear (land etc.) : Middle English from Old Norse rythja]

riddance /ˈrid(ə)ns/ n.  the act of getting rid of something 摆脱，解脱；解除；清除 □ good riddance   welcome relief from an unwanted person or thing (可喜的)解脱或摆脱；(庆幸的感叹)谢天谢地总算摆脱了

ridden past part.  of RIDE  

riddle1 /ˈrid(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a question or statement testing ingenuity in divining its answer or meaning 谜(语) 2  a puzzling fact or thing or person 令人费解的事实(或事情)；使人困惑的人 ●v.  1 intr.  speak in or propound riddles 打谜似地说；出谜，打谜 2 tr.  solve or explain (a riddle) 解(谜) □ riddler  n.   [Old English rœˉdels, rœˉdelse ‘opinion, riddle’, related to READ]

riddle2 /ˈrid(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  make many holes in, esp. with gunshot (尤指用子弹)把…打出许多窟窿 2 (in passive 用被动)  fill; spread through; permeate 充满；遍布；弥漫  was riddled with errors  错误百出 3  pass through a riddle 用粗筛筛… ●n.  a coarse sieve 粗筛，格筛 [Old English hriddel, earlier hrīder: cf. hrīdrian ‘sift’]

riddling /ˈridliŋ/ adj.  expressed in riddles; puzzling 用谜语表达的；谜一样的，令人费解的 □ riddlingly  adv.  

ride /raid/ v. & n. ●v. (past rode /rəʊd/; past part. ridden /ˈrid(ə)n/)  1 tr.  travel or be carried on (a bicycle etc.) or esp. N. Amer. in (a vehicle) 骑或乘(自行车等)；[尤北美]乘坐(汽车) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, in)  travel or be conveyed (on a bicycle or in a vehicle) 骑自行车；乘骑旅行；开车或乘车(旅行) 3 tr.  sit on and control or be carried by (a horse etc.) 骑，驾驭(马等) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be carried (on a horse etc.) 被(马等)驮 5 tr.  be carried or supported by 乘(风、浪等)；在…上航行；受…依托  the ship rides the waves  船破浪而行 6 tr.  a  traverse on horseback etc., ride over or through 骑(马等)经过；乘(车)驶过  ride 50 miles  行进 50 英里 rode the prairie  穿(驶)过大草原b  compete or take part in on horseback etc. 骑马参加(或比赛)  rode a good race  赛马表现不错 7 intr.  a  lie at anchor; float buoyantly 抛锚，停泊；漂浮b (of the moon) seem to float (月)高悬 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, on)  rest in or on while moving 受依托，被承载；依靠…行进 9 tr.  yield to (a blow) so as to reduce its impact 顺势退躲以缓冲(来拳) 10 tr.  give a ride to; cause to ride 让…乘骑，使乘坐  rode the child on his back  让小孩骑在他背上 11 tr. (of a rider) cause (a horse etc.) to move forward (骑手)使(马等)行进  rode their horses at the fence  骑马冲向篱笆 12 tr.  a (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by, with)  be oppressed or dominated by; be infested with 被…逼迫，受…支配，被…困扰  was ridden with guilt  受到负疚感的折磨b (in comb. 用于复合词 as 作 ridden adj.)  infested or afflicted 受…困扰的，为…所苦的  a rat-ridden cellar  老鼠横行的地窖 13 intr. (of a thing normally level or even) project or overlap (平面或平坦的东西)突伸；重叠 14 tr. coarse slang  mount (a female) in copulation [粗俗俚语]与(雌性动物)交尾；与(女性)交媾 15 tr. US  annoy or seek to annoy [美]使苦恼，骚扰 ●n.  1  an act or period of travel in a vehicle 乘车旅行；搭乘时间 2  a spell of riding on a horse, bicycle, person's back, etc. (在马背、自行车、人的后背上等的一段)骑乘，骑行 3 Brit.  a path (esp. through woods) for riding on [英] (尤指穿过树林的)骑马道 4  the quality of sensations when riding 骑乘或乘坐的感觉  gives a bumpy ride  一路颠簸 5  a roundabout, roller-coaster, etc., ridden at an amusement park or fairground (游乐场的)旋转木马，过山车等 □ let a thing ride   leave it alone; let it take its natural course 听其自然□ ride again   reappear, esp. unexpectedly and reinvigorated (尤指出乎意料并重新振作地)再出现□ ride down   overtake or trample on horseback 骑马赶上；骑马践踏□ ride for a fall   act recklessly risking defeat or failure 草率冒险，蛮干□ ride herd on   see 见 HERD □ ride high   be elated or successful 趾高气扬；大获全胜□ ride out   come safely through (a storm etc., or a danger or difficulty) 安全渡过(风暴或危险、困难等)□ ride roughshod over   see 见 ROUGHSHOD □ ride shotgun  esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  travel as a guard in the seat next to the driver of a vehicle (行车时在司机旁边)守卫，押车 2  ride in the passenger seat of a vehicle (在乘客席)乘车，搭车 3  act as a protector 担任保卫□ ride to hounds   see 见 HOUND □ ride up  (of a garment, carpet, etc.) work or move out of its proper position (衣服、地毯等)向上拱起或皱起□ take for a ride  colloq.  hoax or deceive [口]愚弄，欺骗□ rideable  adj. (also 亦作 ridable)   [Old English rīdan]

ride-off n. (in a riding competition) a round held to resolve a tie or determine qualifiers for a later stage (由于不分胜负而举行的，或决定下一阶段赛马选手的)加赛，决胜赛

ride-on attrib. adj. (esp. of a lawnmower) on which one rides while operating it (尤指割草机)乘骑式操作的

rider /ˈraidə/ n.  1  a person who rides (esp. a horse) (尤指马的)骑手 2  a  an additional clause amending or supplementing a document (文件后的)修改或补充条款；附文，附件b Brit. Parl.  an addition or amendment to a bill at its third reading [英] [议] (三读议案的)附加条款，修正条款c  a corollary 应用习题；推论d Brit.  a recommendation etc. added to a judicial verdict [英] (陪审团对裁决的)附加意见等 3  a piece in a machine etc. that surmounts or bridges or works on or over others (架在机件上面的)套件，叠件 4 (in pl. 用复数)  an additional set of timbers or iron plates strengthening a ship's frame (加固船体的)附加木料或铁板 □ riderless  adj.   [Old English rīdere (as RIDE)]

ridge /ridʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the line of the junction of two surfaces sloping upwards towards each other 脊  the ridge of a roof  屋脊 2  a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed 山脊；山脉；分水岭 3  any narrow elevation across a surface 脊状凸起(或隆起) 4 Meteorol.  an elongated region of high barometric pressure 【气】高压脊 5  a raised strip of arable land, usu. one of a set separated by furrows 垄，田埂 6  a raised hotbed for melons etc. (种瓜等时筑起的)温床垄 ●v.  1 tr.  mark with ridges 使成脊突；使起皱 2 tr.  break up (land) into ridges 翻(地)作垄 3 tr.  plant (cucumbers etc.) in ridges 在垄上种植(黄瓜等) 4 tr. & intr.  gather into ridges 聚成脊状；起皱 □ ridgy  adj.   [Old English hrycg, from Germanic]

ridge piece n. (also 亦作 ridge tree)  a beam along the ridge of a roof 屋梁，栋木

ridge pole n.  1  the horizontal pole of a long tent (长形帐篷的)横梁 2  = RIDGE PIECE 

ridge tile n.  a tile used in making a roof-ridge 脊瓦

ridgeway /ˈridʒwei/ n.  a road or track along a ridge 山脊路

ridicule /ˈridikju:l/ n. & v. ●n.  derision or mockery 嘲笑，嘲弄；戏弄 ●v. tr.  make fun of; subject to ridicule; laugh at 嘲笑，嘲弄；戏弄 [French, or from Latin ridiculum, neut. of ridiculus ‘laughable’, from ridēre ‘laugh’]

ridiculous /riˈdikjʊləs/ adj.  1  deserving or inviting ridicule 可笑的，滑稽的 2  unreasonable, absurd 不合理的，荒谬的 □ ridiculously  adv.  □ ridiculousness  n.   [Latin ridiculosus (as RIDICULE)]

riding1 /ˈraidiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of RIDE v. 用于 RIDE 动词各释义 2  the practice or skill of riders of horses 骑马；骑术 3  = RIDEn. 3 

riding2 /ˈraidiŋ/ n.  1  each of three former administrative divisions (East Riding, North Riding, West Riding) of Yorkshire 约克郡原来下设的行政区(共三个，即东区、北区、西区) 2  an electoral division of Canada 加拿大的选区 [Old English thriding (unrecorded) from Old Norse thrithjungr ‘third part’, from thrithi THIRD: th- was lost owing to the preceding -t or -th of east etc.]

riding habit  see 见 HABIT n. 6b 

riding light n. (also 亦作 riding lamp)  a light shown by a ship at anchor 锚灯，锚泊灯，系留灯

riding school n.  an establishment teaching skills in horsemanship 骑术学校

Riesling /ˈri:zliŋ, -sliŋ/ n.  1  a kind of dry white wine produced in Germany, Austria, and elsewhere 雷斯林干白葡萄酒(产于德国、奥地利等地) 2  the variety of grape from which this is produced (酿制上述酒的)雷斯林葡萄 [German]

rife /raif/ predic. adj.  1  of common occurrence; widespread 流行的；普遍的 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  abounding in; teeming with 丰富的，大量的；充满的 □ rifeness  n.   [Old English ryˉfe, probably from Old Norse rífr ‘acceptable’, from reifa ‘enrich’, reifr ‘cheerful’]

riff /rif/ n. & v. ●n.  a short repeated phrase in jazz etc. (爵士乐等中简短的)连复段 ●v. intr.  play riffs 演奏连复段 [20th c.: abbreviation of RIFFLE n.]

riffle /ˈrif(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  turn (pages) in quick succession 连续快速地翻动(书页)b  shuffle (playing cards) esp. by flexing and combining the two halves of a pack 洗(牌) (尤指将牌分成两叠再弹洗到一起) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through)  leaf quickly (through pages) 快速翻阅 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of riffling 快速的翻动；洗牌 2 (in gold-washing) a groove or slat set in a trough or sluice to catch gold particles (淘金时)筛金溜槽中的格条；格条分样器 3 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a shallow part of a stream where the water flows brokenly (河流或溪流的)浅滩b  a patch of waves or ripples on water 微波，涟漪 [perhaps a variant of RUFFLE]

riff-raff /ˈrifræf/ n. (often prec. by 常前接 the)  rabble; disreputable or undesirable persons 乌合之众，群氓；下等人 [Middle English riff and raff from Old French rif et raf: cf. RAFFLE2]

rifle1 /ˈraif(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gun with a long rifled barrel, esp. one fired from shoulder level 来复枪，步枪 2 (in pl. 用复数)  riflemen 步枪队 ●v. tr.  make spiral grooves in (a gun or its barrel or bore) to make a bullet spin 在(枪、枪管或枪膛)内凿制来复线 [Old French rifler ‘graze, scratch’, from Germanic]

rifle2 /ˈraif(ə)l/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  search through 翻查，搜索 2 tr.  search and rob, esp. of all that can be found 搜查并抢劫(尤指洗劫) 3 tr.  carry off as booty 劫掠，掠夺 [Middle English via Old French rifler ‘graze, scratch, plunder’ from Old Dutch riffelen]

rifle bird n.  any bird of paradise of the genus Ptiloris, with mainly velvety-black plumage 风鸟(长有黑色柔软羽毛)

rifleman /ˈraif(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a soldier armed with a rifle 步枪手；步枪兵 2  a small yellow and green New Zealand bird, Acanthisitta chloris 刺鹩(新西兰的一种黄绿色小鸟)

rifle range n.  a place for rifle practice 步枪射击场

rifle shot n.  1  the distance coverable by a shot from a rifle 步枪射程 2  a shot fired with a rifle 步枪射击

rifling /ˈraifliŋ/ n.  the arrangement of grooves on the inside of a gun's barrel (枪膛的)膛线，来复线

rift /rift/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a crack or split in an object 裂缝，裂口b  an opening in a cloud etc. (云等的)罅隙 2  a cleft or fissure in earth or rock (陆地或岩石的)断裂；断陷谷，长狭谷 3  a disagreement; a breach in friendly relations 不和；(友好关系的)裂痕 ●v. tr.  tear or burst apart 使裂开，分裂，断裂，破裂 □ riftless  adj.   [Middle English, of Scandinavian origin]

rift valley n.  a steep-sided valley formed by subsidence of the earth's crust between nearly parallel faults 地堑，裂谷，断陷谷

rig1 /riɡ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (rigged, rigging)  1  a  provide (a sailing ship) with sails, rigging, etc. 为(帆船)装配桅帆及索具等b  prepare ready for sailing 将(船只)装备就绪 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out, up)  fit with clothes or other equipment 为…配备衣物及其他装备 3 (foll. by 常后跟 up)  set up hastily or as a makeshift 匆忙构筑，临时架起 4  assemble and adjust the parts of (an aircraft) 装配并调节(飞机)部件 ●n.  1  the arrangement of masts, sails, rigging, etc., of a sailing ship (帆船的船桅、帆、索具等的)装配 2  equipment for a special purpose, e.g. a radio transmitter or fishing tackle 特殊用途的设备或器具(如无线电发射器或钓具等) 3  = OIL RIG, DRILLING RIG  4  a person's or thing's look as determined by clothing, equipment, etc., esp. uniform (人、东西的)装束，外表 5 esp. N. Amer. & Austral.  a lorry or truck; a semi-trailer [尤北美澳]卡车，铰接式卡车；半拖挂车 □ in full rig  colloq.  smartly or ceremonially dressed [口] (穿着)漂亮的，得体的□ rigged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English, perhaps of Scandinavian origin: cf. Norwegian rigga ‘bind or wrap up’]

rig2 /riɡ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (rigged, rigging)  manage or conduct fraudulently (以欺骗手段)操纵；垄断  they rigged the election  他们操纵了选举 ●n.  1  a trick or dodge 骗局，诡计 2  a way of swindling 诈骗手段 □ rig the market   cause an artificial rise or fall in prices 操纵市场价格□ rigger  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

rigadoon /riɡəˈdu:n/ n.  1  a lively dance in duple or quadruple time for two persons 利戈顿舞(一种两拍或四拍的轻快双人舞) 2  the music for this 利戈顿舞曲 [French rigodon, rigaudon, perhaps named after its inventor, said to be a dancing master called Rigaud]

rigger /ˈriɡə/ n.  1  a  a person who rigs or who arranges rigging 索具操纵工；索具装配工b  a person who erects and maintains scaffolding, lifting tackle, etc. 吊运工 2 Rowing 【划艇】  = OUTRIGGER 5a  3  a ship rigged in a specified way 以特定方式帆装的船 4  a worker on an oil rig 石油钻井工

rigging /ˈriɡiŋ/ n.  1  a ship's spars, ropes, etc., supporting and controlling the sails (船的)索具 2  the ropes and wires supporting the structure of an airship or biplane (支持飞艇或双翼飞机结构的)绳索或钢丝等装置

right /rait/ adj., n., v., adv. & int. (opp. 反义 LEFT1) ●adj.  1 (of conduct etc.) just, morally or socially correct (行为等)正义的，正当的，合适的  it is only right to tell you  告诉你是对的 I want to do the right thing  我想做该做的事 2  true, correct; not mistaken 真的，对的，正确的，准确无误的  the right time  时间刚好 you were right about the weather  你对天气的判断正确 3  less wrong or not wrong 没错的，合适的  which is the right way to town?  该走哪条路进城？ 4  more or most suitable or preferable 更(最)合适的，更(最)可取的  the right person for the job  这项工作的合适人选 along the right lines  沿着正确的路线 5  in a sound or normal condition; physically or mentally healthy; satisfactory 正常的；身体(或头脑)健康的；令人满意的  the engine doesn't sound right  发动机听上去不正常 6  a  on or towards the side of the human body which corresponds to the position of east if one regards oneself as facing north 人体右侧的，(朝)人体右边的b  on or towards that part of an object which is analogous to a person's right side or (with opposite sense) which is nearer to a spectator's right hand 右侧的，(朝)右边的；靠近观者右手的 7 esp. Brit. colloq. or archaic  real; properly so called [尤英口] [古义]真的，名副其实的  made a right mess of it  真把它弄了个一团糟 a right royal welcome  真正的盛大欢迎 8 (also 亦作 Right) Polit.  of the Right 【政】右翼的，右派的 ●n.  1  that which is morally or socially correct or just; fair treatment 正义，正当，恰当；公正的对待 often in pl. 常用复数 : the rights and wrongs of the case  案件的是非曲直 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, or to + infin.)  a justification or fair claim 合理要求，正当要求，权利  has no right to speak like that  没有理由那样讲话 3  a thing one may legally or morally claim; the state of being entitled to a privilege or immunity or authority to act 有权得到的东西；有资格获取的权利(如特权、豁免权、行动权等)  a right of reply  答复权 human rights  人权 4  the right-hand part or region or direction 右部，右侧，右边；朝右方向 5 Boxing 【拳击】  a  the right hand 右手b  a blow with this 右手拳 6 (often 常作 Right) Polit. 【政】  a  a group or section favouring conservatism (originally the more conservative section of a continental legislature, seated on the president's right) 右派组织，组织内部的右派，保守派(最初在欧洲大陆国家议会中倾向保守的一方坐在议长的右边，故名)b  such conservatives collectively 右派(总称) 7  the side of a stage which is to the right of a person facing the audience (面向观众的)舞台右侧 8 (esp. in marching) the right foot (尤指行进踏步中的)右脚 9  the right wing of an army (军队的)右翼 ●v. tr.  1 (often 常作 refl.)  restore to a proper or straight or vertical position 把…整理得井井有条；使…恢复正常；把…扶正 2  a  correct (mistakes etc.); set in order 纠正(错误等)；整理b  avenge (a wrong or a wronged person); make reparation for or to 为…伸冤；补偿c  vindicate, justify, rehabilitate 为…辩白；证明…有理；使恢复名誉，平反 ●adv.  1  straight 一直，径直  go right on  一直往前走 2 colloq.  immediately; without delay [口]立即，马上  I'll be right back  我马上就回来 do it right now  立即去做 3  a (foll. by 后跟 to, round, through, etc.)  all the way 自始至终地，一直  sank right to the bottom  一直沉到底 ran right round the block  一直绕着街区跑b (foll. by 后跟 off, out, etc.)  completely 完全地，彻底地  came right off its hinges  完全脱开了铰链 am right out of butter  黄油一点儿也没有了 4  exactly, quite 正好，恰好  right in the middle  在正中 5  justly, properly, correctly, truly, satisfactorily 公正地，恰当地，正确地，真实地；令人满意地  did not act right  行为不合宜 not holding it right  拿的样子不对 if I remember right  假如我记得不错的话 6  on or to the right side 在右边，向右边 7 archaic  very; to the full [古义]很，非常  am right glad to hear it  听到此事很高兴 dined right royally  晚宴极其丰盛 ●int. colloq.  expressing agreement or assent [口]表示同意，赞成 □ as right as rain   perfectly sound and healthy 好极了，非常健康□ at right angles   placed to form a right angle 成直角□ by right (or rights)   if right were done 按道理；根据正当权利□ do right by   act dutifully towards (a person) 公正对待(某人)□ in one's own right   through one's own position or effort etc. 通过某人自己的地位或努力□ in the right   having justice or truth on one's side 正确；有理□ in one's right mind   sane; competent to think and act 神志清醒的，明智的□ of (or as of) right   having legal or moral etc. entitlement 因属正当要求；作为合法权利；依法(或按理)□ put (or set) right   1  restore to order, health, etc. 整理；使恢复；使康复 2  correct the mistaken impression etc. of (a person) 纠正(某人的)错误印象□ put (or set) to rights   make correct or well ordered 纠正；整理□ right and left (or right, left, and centre)   on all sides 四面八方；各方面□ right away (or off)   immediately 立即，马上□ right oh! (or ho!)   = RIGHTO □ right on!  slang  an expression of strong approval or encouragement (cf. 参见 RIGHT-ON) [俚语]强烈赞成或鼓励的表示□ a right one  Brit. colloq.  a silly or foolish person [英口]傻瓜，笨蛋□ right you are!  colloq.  an exclamation of assent [口]对啦！一点不错！□ she's (or she'll be) right  Austral. colloq.  that will be all right [澳口]一切都会好的□ too right  colloq.  an expression of agreement [口]太对了□ within one's rights   not exceeding one's authority or entitlement 在自身合法权利范围内，不越权□ rightable  adj.  □ righter  n.  □ rightish  adj.  □ rightless  adj.  □ rightlessness  n.  □ rightness  n.   [Old English riht (adj.), rihtan (v.), rihte (adv.)]

right about n. (also 亦作 right about-face or Brit. [英] right about-turn)  1 esp. Mil.  a right turn continued to face the rear (尤)【军】向后转 2  a reversal of policy 政策转向 3  a hasty retreat 仓皇撤退

right angle n.  an angle of 90°, as formed by dividing a circle into quarters 直角， 90 度角 □ right-angled  adj.  

right arm n.  one's most reliable helper 得力助手

right ascension n. Astron.  longitude measured along the celestial equator 【天】赤经

right-back n. (in football, hockey, etc.) a back who plays primarily on the right of the pitch (足球、曲棍球等的)右后卫

right bank n.  the bank of a river on the right facing downstream (面向河流下游方向的)右岸

right bower  see 见 BOWER3 

righten /ˈrait(ə)n/ v. tr.  make right or correct 整顿，纠正；把…扶正

righteous /ˈraitʃəs/ adj. (of a person or conduct) morally right; virtuous, law-abiding (人或行为)正义的；正直的；合法的 □ righteously  adv.  □ righteousness  n.   [Old English rihtwīs (as RIGHT n. + -WISE or RIGHT adj. + WISE2), assimilated to bounteous etc.]

right field n. Baseball  the part of the outfield to the right of the batter when facing the pitcher 【棒球】(击球手面对投球手时的)右外场

right-footed adj.  1  using the right foot by preference as more serviceable than the left 惯用右脚的 2 (of a kick etc.) done or made with the right foot 用右脚(踢)的

rightful /ˈraitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  a (of a person) legitimately entitled to (a position etc.) (人)依法享有(职位等)的  the rightful heir  法定继承人b (of status or property etc.) that one is entitled to (身份或财产等)属法定拥有的，有资格享有的 2 (of an action etc.) equitable, fair (行动等)正当的，公正的，公平的 □ rightfully  adv.  □ rightfulness  n.   [Old English rihtful (as RIGHT n.)]

right hand n.  1  = RIGHT-HAND MAN  2  the most important position next to a person 仅次于某人的要职  stand at the President's right hand  职位仅次于总统

right-hand adj.  1  on or towards the right side of a person or thing 右方的，右边的，右面的  right-hand drive  右座驾驶 2  done with the right hand 用右手的  right-hand blow  右手拳 3 (of a screw) = RIGHT-HANDED 4b (指螺丝钉)

right-handed adj.  1  using the right hand by preference as more serviceable than the left 惯用右手的 2 (of a tool etc.) made to be used with the right hand (工具等)便于右手使用的 3 (of a blow) struck with the right hand (击拳)右手击出的 4  a  turning to the right; towards the right 向右转的；向右的b (of a screw) advanced by turning to the right (clockwise) (螺丝钉)顺时针拧紧的 □ right-handedly  adv.  □ right-handedness  n.  

right-hander n.  1  a right-handed person 惯用右手的人 2  a right-handed blow 右手打出的一击

right-hand man n.  an indispensable or chief assistant 不可或缺的助手，得力助手

Right Honourable n. Brit.  a title given to certain high officials, e.g. Privy Counsellors [英]阁下(对某些高官，如枢密院官员等的尊称)

rightism /ˈraitiz(ə)m/ n. Polit.  the principles or policy of the right 【政】右派(或右倾)的原则或政策 □ rightist  n. & adj.  

rightly /ˈraitli/ adv.  justly, properly, correctly, justifiably 公正地；适当地，恰当地；正确地；合理地，理所当然地

right-minded adj.  having sound views and principles 思想正直的，原则正确的

rightmost /ˈraitməʊst/ adj.  furthest to the right 最右边的

righto /ˈraitəʊ, raitˈəʊ/ int. (also 亦作 righty-ho /raitiˈhəʊ/) Brit. colloq.  expressing agreement or assent [英口]好吧，行；对，是

right of abode n. Brit.  a person's right to take up residence or remain resident in a country [英] (在一个国家的)居住权，居留权

right of common  see 见 COMMON n. 4 

right of primogeniture  see 见 PRIMOGENITURE 2 

right of search n.  a belligerent's right to stop a neutral vessel and search it for prohibited goods (交战国在公海上对中立国船只的)搜查权

right of user n. Law 【法律】  1  a right to use 使用权 2  a presumptive right arising from the user 推定使用权

right of visitation n. (also 亦作 right of visit)  the right to conduct a visitation of a vessel, not including the right of search (对船只的)视察权(不包括搜查权)

right of way n.  1  a right established by usage to pass over another's ground (对他人土地或他国地域、水域的)通行权 2  a path subject to such a right (通行权允许的)通行路径 3  the right of one vehicle or ship etc. to proceed before another (车、船等的)超行权，先行权

right-on adj. slang  excellent; fashionable; politically correct (cf. 参见 right on) [俚语]优异的，卓越的；流行的，时髦的；政治上正确的

Right Reverend n.  the title of a bishop (对主教的尊称)主教大人，大师

right side n.  the better or desirable, or usable side of something, esp. fabric 较好(或有利)的一面；(尤指纺织品的)正面，可用的一面 □ on the right side of   1  in favour with (a person) 支持(某人) 2  somewhat less than (a specified age) 不满(某岁数)□ right side out   with the right side outwards; not inside out 正面朝外地(而不是里子朝外)

right sphere n.  the sphere of the apparent heavens at a place where there is a right angle between the equator and the horizon 垂直球(在赤道与地平线呈直角处所见的天球外貌)

right-thinking adj.  = RIGHT-MINDED 

right-to-life adj.  = PRO -LIFE 

right turn n.  a turn that brings one's front to face as one's right side did before; a turn or turning to the right 向右转

rightward /ˈraitwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 rightwards /-wədz/)  towards the right 朝右地 ●adj.  going towards or facing the right 向右(运动)的，朝右的

right whale n.  any large-headed whale of the family Balaenidae, rich in whalebone and easily captured 露脊鲸(头很大，多骨，容易捕捉)

right wing n.  1  the conservative section of a political party or system (政党或政治体制的)右翼，保守派 2  the right side of a football etc. team on the field (场上足球队等的)右翼 □ right-winger  n.  

right-wing adj.  1  conservative; reactionary 右翼的，保守的，反动的 2  of or relating to the right wing in football etc. (足球比赛等中)右翼的

righty-ho var.  of RIGHTO  RIGHTO 的变体

rigid /ˈridʒid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not flexible; that cannot be bent 具刚性的，不能弯曲的；僵硬的；坚硬的  a rigid frame  坚硬的框架 2 (of a person, conduct, etc.) inflexible, unbending, strict, harsh, punctilious (人、行为等)严格的，苛刻的，死板的，丝毫不能变通的  a rigid disciplinarian  严格执行纪律的人 rigid economy  厉行节约 ●n.  a lorry or truck which is not articulated 单节卡车(不带拖车) □ rigidity  /-ˈdʒiditi/ n.  □ rigidly  adv.  □ rigidness  n.   [French rigide or Latin rigidus, from rigēre ‘be stiff’]

rigidify /riˈdʒidifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become rigid (使)变坚硬；(使)变得僵化

rigmarole /ˈriɡmərəʊl/ n.  1  a lengthy and complicated procedure 繁琐费时的手续 2  a  a rambling or meaningless account or tale 杂乱而无意义的报道或故事b  such talk 杂乱无章的讲话 [originally ragman roll = a catalogue, of unknown origin]

rigor1 /ˈriɡɔ:, ˈraiɡɔ:, -ɡə/ n. Med. 【医】  1  a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, preceding a fever etc. (发热前的)寒战 2  rigidity of the body caused by shock or poisoning etc. (由惊吓或中毒等导致的身体)僵直，强直 [Middle English from Latin, from rigēre ‘be stiff’]

rigor2 US var.  of RIGOUR [美] RIGOUR 的变体

rigor mortis /riɡə ˈmɔ:tis/ n.  stiffening of the body after death 尸僵，死后强直 [Latin, = stiffness of death]

rigorous /ˈriɡ(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  characterized by or showing rigour; strict, severe 严格的，严厉的 2  strictly exact or accurate 精确的，严密的 3 (of the weather) cold, severe (天气)严寒的，严酷的 □ rigorously  adv.  □ rigorousness  n.   [Old French rigorous or Late Latin rigorosus (as RIGOR1)]

rigour /ˈriɡə/ n. (US [美] rigor)  1  a  severity, strictness, harshness 严格，严厉，苛严b (in pl. 用复数)  harsh measures or conditions 严厉的手段(或措施)，严苛的条件c (often in pl. 常用复数)  severity of weather or climate; extremity of cold (天气或气候的)严酷，严寒 2  logical exactitude 严密，精确 3  strict enforcement of rules etc. (对规章等的)严格执行  the utmost rigour of the law  法律最严厉的惩处 4  austerity of life; puritanical discipline (生活的)艰苦；清规戒律 [Middle English via Old French rigour from Latin rigor (as RIGOR1)]

rig-out n. Brit. colloq.  an outfit of clothes [英口] (一套)衣服，服装

Rig-Veda /riɡˈveidə, -ˈvi:də/ n.  the oldest and principal of the Hindu Vedas (see 见 VEDA) 《梨俱吠陀》(印度最古老、最主要的一部吠陀经) [Sanskrit ṛigvēda, from ṛic ‘praise’ + vēda VEDA]

rile /rail/ v. tr.  1 colloq.  anger, irritate [口]惹恼，激怒 2 US  make (water) turbulent or muddy [美]将(水)搅浑 [variant of ROIL]

Riley /ˈraili/ n. (also 亦作 Reilly)   □ the life of Riley  colloq.  a carefree existence [口]无忧无虑的生活 [20th c.: origin unknown]

rilievo var.  of RELIEVO  RELIEVO 的变体

rill /ril/ n.  1  a small stream 小河，小溪 2  a shallow channel cut in the surface of soil or rocks by running water (地表或岩石表面)冲蚀而成的水沟 3 var.  of RILLE RILLE 的变体 [Low German ril, rille]

rille /ril/ n. (also 亦作 rill) Astron.  a cleft or narrow valley on the moon's surface 【天】月面谷，月面沟纹 [German (as RILL)]

rim /rim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a raised edge or border 凸起的边(或边缘)b  a margin or verge, esp. of something circular (尤指圆形物的)边，缘；边缘 2  the part of a pair of spectacles surrounding the lenses 眼镜框 3  the outer edge of a wheel, on which the tyre is fitted (车轮的)轮辋，轮圈 4  a boundary line 边际，界线  the rim of the horizon  地平线 ●v. tr. (rimmed, rimming)  1  a  provide with a rim 为…装边(框)b  be a rim for or to 成为…的边(缘) 2  edge, border 镶边，加边；把…围起 □ rimless  adj.  □ rimmed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English rima ‘edge’: cf. Old Norse rimi ‘ridge’ (the only known cognate)]

rim-brake n.  a brake acting on the rim of a wheel 轮辋制动器，轮圈刹车

rime1 /raim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  frost, esp. formed from cloud or fog 霜 2 poet.  hoar frost [诗]白霜 ●v. tr.  cover with rime 使蒙霜 [Old English hrīm]

rime2 archaic var.  of RHYME [古义] RHYME 的变体

rimose /ˈraiməʊs, raiˈməʊs, -z/ adj. (also 亦作 rimous /-məs/) esp. Bot.  full of chinks or fissures (尤)【植】多裂缝的；龟裂的 [Latin rimosus from rima ‘chink’]

rimu /ˈri:mu:/ n. NZ [新]  1  a softwood tree, Dacrydium cupressinum, native to New Zealand 芮木泪柏(产于新西兰的一种软木树) 2  its light brown streaked wood, used for furniture and interior fittings (上述树木)带淡褐色条斑纹的木材(用来做家具和室内器具) [Maori]

rimy /ˈraimi/ adj. (rimier, rimiest)  frosty; covered with frost 结霜的；被霜覆盖的

rind /raind/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the tough outer layer or covering of fruit and vegetables, cheese, bacon, etc. (果蔬的)皮；(干酪、熏咸肉等的)外皮 2  the bark of a tree or plant 树皮，植物的皮 ●v. tr.  strip the bark from 剥去…的皮；削去…的皮 □ rinded  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ rindless  adj.   [Old English rind(e)]

rinderpest /ˈrindəpest/ n.  a virulent infectious viral disease of ruminants (esp. cattle) 牛瘟，牛疫 [German, from Rinder ‘cattle’ + Pest PEST]

ring1 /riŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circular band, usu. of precious metal, worn on a finger as an ornament or a token of marriage or betrothal 戒指；指环 2  a circular band of any material 环形物，圆环 3  the rim of a cylindrical or circular object, or a line or band round it (圆柱形或圆形物体的)圆边；围绕的线(或带) 4  a mark or part having the form of a circular band 环形的印记，环状标志，环状部分  had rings round his eyes  出现了(黑)眼圈 smoke rings  烟圈 5  = ANNUAL RING  6  a  an enclosure for a circus performance, betting at races, the showing of cattle, etc. (马戏表演、赛马押注、牲畜展览等时围成的)圆形场地b (prec. by 前接 the)  bookmakers collectively (总称)赛马赌注登记经纪人c  a roped enclosure for boxing or wrestling (用绳子拦隔的)拳击台；摔跤台 7  a  a group of people or things arranged in a circle 围成一圈的人(或物)b  such an arrangement 围成的一圈 8  a combination of traders, bookmakers, spies, politicians, etc. acting together usu. illicitly for the control of operations or profit (商人、赛马赌注登记经纪人、密探、政客等组成的，通常是非法的)操纵团伙，垄断集团 9  a circular or spiral course 环形(或螺旋形)路线，环形跑道 10  = GAS RING  11 Astron. 【天】  a  a thin band or disc of particles etc. round a planet 天体(如行星的)光环b  a halo round the moon 月晕 12 Archaeol.  a circular prehistoric earthwork, usu. consisting of a bank and ditch 【考古】一种圆形的史前土建工程(通常由岸和沟构成) 13 Chem.  a group of atoms each bonded to two others in a closed sequence 【化】环(一组原子链结而成的密闭序列) 14 Math.  a set of elements with two binary operations, addition and multiplication, the second being distributive over the first and associative 【数】环(用于加法和乘法运算的一组元素) ●v. tr.  1  make or draw a circle round 绕…做(或画)圆环 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 round, about, in)  encircle or hem in (game or cattle) 圈住或围住(猎物或牲畜) 3  put a ring on (a bird etc.) or through the nose of (a pig, bull, etc.) 给(鸟等)套环；给(猪、公牛等的)穿鼻圈 4  cut (fruit, vegetables, etc.) into rings 将(水果、蔬菜等)切成圈 □ run (or make) rings round  colloq.  outclass or outwit (another person) [口]大大超过；以智取胜□ ringed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ ringless  adj.   [Old English hring, from Germanic]

ring2 /riŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past rang /ræŋ/; past part. rung /rʌŋ/)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out etc.)  give a clear resonant or vibrating sound of or as of a bell 鸣，响，发出清脆鸣响  a shot rang out  发出一声清脆的枪响 a ringing laugh  一阵银铃般的笑声 the telephone rang  电话铃响起 2 tr.  a  make (esp. a bell) ring 使(尤指铃或钟)鸣响b (absol. [含宾])  call for service or attention by ringing a bell 按铃召唤  you rang, madam?  夫人，是您按铃吗？ 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 up) esp. Brit.  call by telephone [尤英]给…打电话  will ring you on Monday  会在星期一给你打电话 did you ring?  你打电话了吗？ 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, to) (of a place) resound or be permeated with a sound, or an attribute, e.g. fame (指地方)回荡，响彻(声音)；极负某种属性(如名声)  the theatre rang with applause  欢呼响彻剧场 5 intr. (of the ears) be filled with a sensation of ringing (耳朵)鸣响，嗡嗡响 6 tr.  a  sound (a peal etc.) on bells 使钟(或铃)发出鸣响b (of a bell) sound (the hour etc.) (钟或铃)报(时等) 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  usher in or out with bell-ringing 伴随铃声引入或领出  ring in the May  鸣钟迎来 5 月 rang out the Old Year  鸣钟送走旧岁 8 intr. (of sentiments etc.) convey a specified impression (情绪等)传达某种印象  words rang hollow  语言听上去很空洞 ●n.  1  a ringing sound or tone 清脆响亮的声音(或语调) 2  a  the act of ringing a bell 按铃，打铃，敲钟b  the sound caused by this 铃声，钟声 3 colloq.  a telephone call [口]打电话  give me a ring  给我打个电话 4  a specified feeling conveyed by an utterance 传达出某种感情的语气  had a melancholy ring  语气悲伤 5  a set of esp. church bells (尤指教堂的)一套钟；编钟 □ ring back   make a return telephone call to (a person who has telephoned earlier) 给(早些时候打来电话的人)回电话□ ring a bell   see 见 BELL1 □ ring the changes (on)   see 见 CHANGE □ ring down (or up) the curtain   1 Theatr.  cause the curtain to be lowered or raised 【戏】降下(或拉起)帷幕 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  mark the end or the beginning of (an enterprise etc.) 结束(或开始)事业等□ ring in   1 Brit.  report or make contact by telephone [英]用电话报告或联系 2 Austral. & NZ slang  substitute fraudulently [澳新] [俚语]冒名顶替，以假换真□ ring in one's ears (or heart etc.)   linger in the memory 留在记忆中□ ring off  Brit.  end a telephone call by replacing the receiver [英]挂断电话□ ring round   telephone several people 给几个人打电话□ ring true (or false)   convey an impression of truth or falsehood 听上去像是真的(或假的)□ ring up   1 Brit.  call by telephone [英]打电话 2  record (an amount etc.) on a cash register 将(款项等)记入收银机□ ringed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ ringer  n.  □ ringing  adj.  □ ringingly  adv.   [Old English hringan]

ringbark /ˈriŋbɑ:k/ v. tr.  cut a ring in the bark of (a tree) to kill it, or to check rapid growth and thereby improve fruit production (为使之枯萎或多结果实而)环割(树的)一圈树皮

ring-binder n.  a loose-leaf binder with ring-shaped clasps that can be opened to pass through holes in the paper 穿孔活页夹

ringbolt /ˈriŋbəʊlt/ n.  a bolt with a ring attached for fitting a rope to etc. (可供穿绳子等的)带环螺栓

ring circuit n.  an electrical circuit serving a number of power points with one fuse in the supply to the circuit (带有一根保险丝，供数个电插座的)环形电路，环路

ring-dove n.  1  the wood pigeon 斑尾林鸽 2  the collared dove 环鸽

ringed plover n.  either of two small plovers, Charadrius hiaticula and C. dubius 剑鸻

ringer /ˈriŋə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a esp. US  an athlete or horse entered in a competition by fraudulent means, esp. as a substitute [尤美]冒名参赛的运动员(或马匹)b  a person's or thing's double, esp. an impostor 冒名顶替者；冒牌货 2 Austral. [澳]  a  the fastest shearer in a shed (同一个剪羊毛棚中)最快的剪羊毛手b  a stockman or station hand 牧场工人 3  a person who rings, esp. a bell-ringer 打铃的人；敲钟人 □ be a ringer (or dead ringer) for   resemble (a person) exactly 与(某人)完全相像 [RING2 + -ER1]

ringette /riŋˈet/ n. Canad.  a game resembling ice hockey, played (esp. by women and girls) with a straight stick and a rubber ring [加]类似冰球的一种运动(用直棍和橡皮圈玩耍，尤其被妇女和女孩喜爱)

ring-fence n. & v. ●n.  1  a fence completely enclosing a piece of land 大围栅 2  an effective barrier 有效障碍物 ●v. tr.  1  enclose with a ring-fence 用栅栏围 2  a  guard securely 安全保卫b Finance  protect or guarantee (funds) 【金融】保护或保证(资金)

ring finger n.  the finger next to the little finger, esp. of the left hand, on which the wedding ring is usu. worn (尤指左手的)无名指(结婚戒指通常戴在该指)

ringhals var.  of RINKHALS  RINKHALS 的变体

ringing tone n.  a sound heard by a telephone caller when the number dialled is being rung (电话拨通后等待时听到的)振铃音

ringleader /ˈriŋli:də/ n.  a leading instigator in an illicit or illegal activity (违法乱纪行为的)头目，祸首，元凶

ringlet /ˈriŋlit/ n.  1  a lock of hair hanging in a corkscrew-shaped curl (毛发等的)一小卷 2  a butterfly, Aphantopus hyperantus, with spots on its wings 眼蝶；小蛱蝶 □ ringletted  adj. (US [美] ringleted)  □ ringlety  adj.  

ring main n. Brit. [英]  1  an electrical supply serving a series of consumers and returning to the original source, so that each consumer has an alternative path in the event of a failure 环形主线路(供多个用户用电的线路) 2  = RING CIRCUIT 

ringmaster /ˈriŋmɑ:stə/ n.  the person directing a circus performance 马戏表演指挥

ring-neck n.  any of various ring-necked birds esp. a type of pheasant, Phasianus colchicus, with a white neck ring 环颈鸟(尤指白色环颈的一种环颈雉)

ring-necked adj. Zool.  having a band or bands of colour round the neck 【动】颈部有异色环纹的

ring ouzel n.  a thrush, Turdus torquatus, with a white crescent across its breast 环颈鸫(胸脯有白色弯月形斑纹的一种画眉)

ring-pull n.  a ring on a tin for pulling to break its seal (易拉罐的)拉环

ring road n. esp. Brit.  a bypass encircling a town [尤英] (绕城的)环线，环形公路

ringside /ˈriŋsaid/ n.  the area immediately beside a boxing ring or circus ring etc. (拳击台或马戏表演场等的)台边区，场边区 often 常作 attrib.: a ringside seat  台边前排席位 a ringside view  前排观看 □ ringsider  n.  

ringster /ˈriŋstə/ n.  a person who participates in a political or commercial ring (see 见 RING1 n. 8) (政治或商业操纵团伙或垄断集团的)团伙成员

ringtail /ˈriŋteil/ n.  1  a ring-tailed opossum, lemur, or phalanger (环纹尾或卷尾的)负鼠；狐猴；袋貂 2  a golden eagle up to its third year (3 岁以下的)金雕 3  a female hen harrier 雌白尾鹞

ring-tailed adj.  1 (of monkeys, lemurs, raccoons, etc.) having a tail ringed in alternate colours (猴、狐猴、浣熊等)尾巴上有环纹的 2  with the tail curled at the end 卷尾的

ringworm /ˈriŋwɜ:m/ n.  any of various fungal infections of the skin causing circular inflamed patches, esp. on the scalp 癣；癣菌病(真菌引起的圆斑状皮肤病，头皮部尤多见)

rink /riŋk/ n.  1  an area of natural or artificial ice for skating or the game of curling etc. (供溜冰或苏格兰溜石游戏等的)天然或人工冰场 2  an enclosed area for roller skating (围起来的)旱冰场 3  a building containing either of these 内有冰场或旱冰场的建筑 4 Bowls  a strip of the green used for playing a match 【球戏】草地滚(木)球场 5  a team in bowls or curling (溜石或草地滚木球比赛的)参赛队 [Middle English (originally Scots), = jousting-ground: perhaps originally from Old French renc RANK1]

rinkhals /ˈriŋkhæls/ n. (also 亦作 ringhals /ˈriŋhæls/)  a large venomous spitting cobra, Hemachatus hemachatus, of southern Africa, with one or two white rings across the neck 唾蛇(一种产于南非的眼镜蛇，有毒，颈部有一道或两道白色环纹) [Afrikaans rinkhals, from ring RING1 + hals ‘neck’]

rinse /rins/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through, out)  1  wash with clean water 用清水洗 2  apply liquid to 用液体(冲涮等) 3  wash lightly 轻洗 4  put (clothes etc.) through clean water to remove soap or detergent 用清水洗去(衣物等的)肥皂或洗衣剂；漂洗 5 (foll. by 后跟 out, away)  clear (impurities) by rinsing 清洗或漂洗掉(脏物) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of rinsing 清洗；漂洗；冲洗  give it a rinse  把它清洗一下 2  a solution for cleansing the mouth 漱口液 3  a dye for the temporary tinting of hair 染发剂  a blue rinse  蓝色染发剂 □ rinser  n.   [Middle English from Old French rincer, raincier, of unknown origin]

Rio de Janeiro /ˈri:əudədʒəˈniərəu/ n.  里约热内卢 [巴西港市]

Rioja /riˈɒhə/ n.  wine produced in Rioja, a district in northern Spain 里奥哈葡萄酒(产于西班牙北部里奥哈地区)

riot /ˈraiət/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an occurrence of public disorder 骚乱，动乱；暴乱b (作 attrib.)  involved in suppressing riots 防止暴乱的  riot police  防暴警察 riot shield  防暴盾牌 2  uncontrolled revelry; noisy behaviour 纵情狂欢；喧闹 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a lavish display or enjoyment 极度丰富；尽情发泄，放纵  a riot of emotion  情感的渲泄 a riot of colour and sound  色彩缤纷，声音嘈杂 4 colloq.  a very amusing thing or person [口]非常有趣的人或事物 ●v. intr.  1  make or engage in a riot 发起或参与动乱(或暴乱)；聚众闹事 2  live wantonly; revel 纵情声色，恣意作乐；狂欢 □ read the riot act   put a firm stop to insubordination etc.; give a severe warning (from the name of a former act partly read out to disperse rioters) 制止反抗或不从；提出严正警告(源自旧时读给闹事群众的取缔闹事法)□ run riot   1  throw off all restraint 胡作非为，胡闹 2 (of plants) grow or spread uncontrolled (植物)长得过于茂盛，疯长□ rioter  n.   [Middle English from Old French riote, rioter, rihoter, of unknown origin]

riot gear n.  protective clothing, helmets, etc., worn by police or prison officers in situations of violence or potential violence (警察或监狱看守在暴乱时穿的)防暴服

riotous /ˈraiətəs/ adj.  1  marked by or involving rioting 暴乱的；聚众闹事的 2  characterized by wanton conduct 放纵的，放荡的 3  wildly profuse 极其丰富的，过多的 □ riotously  adv.  □ riotousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French (as RIOT)]

RIP abbr.  may he or she or they rest in peace [缩略]愿他(或她、他们)安息吧 [Latin requiescat (pl. requiescant) in pace]

rip1 /rip/ v. & n. ●v. (ripped, ripping)  1 tr.  tear or cut (a thing) quickly or forcibly away or apart 撕开，扯去；劈开，砍去  ripped out the lining  撕去衬里 ripped the book up  把书撕开 2 tr.  a  make (a hole etc.) by ripping 撕成；(用利器)划出(孔洞等)b  make a long tear or cut in 在…上划出长长的口子；撕破 3 intr.  come violently apart; split 绽线，裂开 4 intr.  rush along (沿…)飞奔，冲去 ●n.  1  a long tear or cut 长裂缝，长口子 2  an act of ripping 撕，扯；劈 □ let rip  colloq. [口]  1  act or proceed without restraint 无拘无束地行动；纵情欢乐 2  speak violently 激烈地说 3  not check the speed of or interfere with (a person or thing) 不限制(某人或事的)速度；不干预(某人或事)□ rip into   attack (a person) verbally 猛烈抨击□ rip off  colloq.  defraud, steal [口]欺诈；窃取 [Middle English: origin unknown]

rip2 /rip/ n.  a stretch of rough water in the sea or in a river, caused by the meeting of currents (海、河中两股水流交汇时产生的)裂流水域 [18th c.: perhaps related to RIP1]

rip3 /rip/ n.  1  a dissolute person 放荡的人 2  a rascal 流氓，无赖 3  a worthless horse 无用的马，劣马 [perhaps from rep, abbreviation of REPROBATE]

riparian /raiˈpɛəriən/ adj. & n. esp. Law (尤)【法律】  ●adj.  of or on a river bank 河边的，河岸上的  riparian rights  河岸(所有)权 ●n.  an owner of property on a river bank 河岸财产所有者 [Latin riparius from ripa ‘bank’]

ripcord /ˈripkɔ:d/ n.  a cord for releasing a parachute from its pack (降落伞的)开伞索

rip current n.  an intermittent strong surface current flowing from the seashore 离岸流，退潮流 [RIP2]

ripe /raip/ adj.  1 (of grain, fruit, cheese, etc.) ready to be reaped or picked or eaten (粮食、水果、干酪等)成熟的 2  mature; fully developed 成熟老练的，发展充分的  ripe in judgement  成熟的判断 a ripe beauty  成熟美 3 (of a person's age) advanced 年高的，年长的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  fit or ready 合适的，准备好的，成熟的  when the time is ripe  时机成熟的时候 land ripe for development  适合开发的土地 5 (of the complexion etc.) red and full like ripe fruit (面色等像成熟的果实般)丰满红润的 □ ripely  adv.  □ ripeness  n.   [Old English rīpe, from West Germanic]

ripen /ˈraip(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become ripe (使)变得成熟

ripieno /ripiˈeinəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or ripieni /-ni/) Mus.  a body of accompanying instruments in baroque concerto music 【音】(巴罗克协奏曲中的)协奏乐器组 [Italian (as RE-, pieno ‘full’)]

rip-off n. colloq. [口]  1  a fraud or swindle 骗取，欺骗，诈骗 2  financial exploitation 敲诈，索取高价

riposte /riˈpɒst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a quick sharp reply or retort 机智迅速的回答；尖锐的反驳 2  a quick return thrust in fencing (击剑中的)回刺，还击 ●v. intr.  deliver a riposte 作出机敏的回答(或反驳)；回刺，还击 [French ri(s)poste, ri(s)poster from Italian risposta RESPONSE]

ripper /ˈripə/ n.  1  a person or thing that rips 撕扯者，撕裂者，劈开者；撕扯工具，裂具，拆具 2  a murderer who rips or mutilates victims' bodies 杀人毁(或碎)尸者

ripping /ˈripiŋ/ adj. Brit. archaic colloq.  splendid, excellent [英古义] [口]极好的  a ripping good yarn  极好的故事 □ rippingly  adv.  

ripple1 /ˈrip(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a ruffling of the water's surface, a small wave or series of waves 微波，涟漪 2  a gentle lively sound that rises and falls, e.g. of laughter or applause 轻柔起伏的声音(如笑声或掌声) 3  a wavy appearance in hair, material, etc. (头发、布料等的)波浪式外形 4 Electr.  a slight variation in the strength of a current etc. 【电】(电流等的)脉动，波纹 5  ice cream with added syrup giving a coloured ripple effect (加入浆汁后形成彩色波纹的)彩波冰淇淋  raspberry ripple  浇山莓酱的彩波冰淇淋 6 US  a riffle in a stream [美] (河流、溪流中的)小湍流 ●v.  1  a intr.  form ripples; flow in ripples 起涟漪；荡漾，波动b tr.  cause to do this 使起涟漪；使荡漾，使波动 2 intr.  show or sound like ripples 呈波状；发出潺潺声 □ ripplet  n.  □ ripply  adj.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

ripple2 /ˈrip(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a toothed implement used to remove seeds from flax (除去亚麻籽用的)粗钢梳 ●v. tr.  treat with a ripple (用粗钢梳)梳(麻) [Middle English, corresponding to Middle Dutch & Middle Low German repel(en), Old High German riffila, rifilōn]

ripple mark n.  a ridge or ridged surface left on sand, mud, or rock by the action of water or wind (风或水作用于沙、泥或岩石所形成的)波痕，波纹

riprap /ˈripræp/ n. US  a collection of loose stone as a foundation for a structure [美]乱石基，乱石扶墙 [reduplication of RAP1]

rip-roaring /ˈriprɔ:riŋ/ adj.  1  wildly noisy or boisterous 喧嚣的，嘈杂的 2  excellent, first-rate 极好的，一流的 □ rip-roaringly  adv.  

ripsaw /ˈripsɔ:/ n.  a coarse saw for sawing wood along the grain 粗齿锯，纵切锯

ripsnorter /ˈripsnɔ:tə/ n. colloq.  an energetic, remarkable, or excellent person or thing [口]积极活跃的人(或事物)；突出的人(或事物)；杰出的人(或事物) □ ripsnorting  adj.  □ ripsnortingly  adv.  

ripstop /ˈripstɒp/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of fabric, clothing, etc.) woven so that a tear will not spread (织物、衣服等)防破裂的 ●n.  ripstop fabric 防破裂织品 [RIP1 + STOP]

rip tide n.  1  = RIP CURRENT  2  = RIP2  3  a state of conflicting psychological forces (心理的)矛盾冲突

RISC /risk/ n.  1  a computer designed to perform a limited set of operations at high speed 精简指令计算机 2  computing using this kind of computer (精简指令计算机的)高速计算 [acronym, from reduced instruction set computer (or computing)]

rise /raiz/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (past rose /rəʊz/; past part. risen /ˈriz(ə)n/)  1  move from a lower position to a higher one; come or go up 上升，升高，升起 2  grow, project, expand, or incline upwards; become higher 长高；耸起；凸起；向上倾斜；变高 3 (of the sun, moon, or stars) appear above the horizon (日、月、星等)在地平线上出现 4  a  get up from lying or sitting or kneeling (从躺、坐或跪姿)站起，起身，起立  rose to their feet  站起来 rose from the table  离席b  get out of bed, esp. in the morning (尤指早晨)起床  do you rise early?  你起得早吗？ 5  recover a standing or vertical position; become erect 竖立，竖起，直立  rose to my full height  直直地站起 6 esp. Brit. (of a meeting etc.) cease to sit for business; adjourn [尤英] (会议等)闭会；休会  Parliament rises next week  议会下周休会 the court will rise  法庭将休庭 7  reach a higher position or level or amount (位置、平面或数量)上升，上涨  the flood has risen  洪水上涨了 prices are rising  价格上涨了 8  develop greater intensity, strength, volume, or pitch (密度、力量、音量或音调)增强，上升  the colour rose in her cheeks  她面颊更红了 the wind is rising  风刮得越来越猛 their voices rose with excitement  由于激动，他们提高了嗓门 9  make progress; reach a higher social position 进步；晋升，社会地位提高  rose from the ranks  (显贵)出身卑微；(军人)出身行伍 10  a  come to the surface of liquid 浮起，漂起  bubbles rose from the bottom  水泡浮起 waited for the fish to rise  等着鱼浮上水面b (of a person) react to provocation (人)对刺激起反应  rise to the bait  中圈套 11  become or be visible above the surroundings etc., stand prominently 高耸，矗立  mountains rose to our right  大山矗立在我们右侧 12  a (of buildings etc.) undergo construction from the foundations (建筑物等)被建起  office blocks were rising all around  到处都在兴建办公大楼b (of a tree etc.) grow to a (usu. specified) height (树等)长到某(特定)高度 13  come to life again 复活  rise from the ashes  从灰烬中再生 risen from the dead  复活了 14 (of dough) swell by the action of yeast etc. (面团)发酵胀起，发起来 15 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cease to be quiet or submissive; rebel 起义，造反，反抗  rose up against the despot  反抗暴君 16  originate; have as its source 起源，发源  the river rises in the mountains  河流发源于山脉 17 (of wind) start to blow (风)刮起；(风力)增强 18 (of a person's spirits) become cheerful (情绪)变得愉快 19 (of a barometer) show a higher atmospheric pressure (气压计上)气压升高 20 (of a horse) rear (马)前蹄腾起  rose on its hind legs  扬起前蹄站立 21 (of a bump, blister, etc.) form (肿块、水疱等)长出 22 (of the stomach) become nauseated (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 one's gorge rises at 某人对…作呕) (胃)恶心 ●n.  1  an act or manner or amount of rising 上升，上涨，增强，增加；上升(或上涨、增强、增加)的方式、幅度或量 2  an upward slope or hill or movement 向上的斜坡；小山；向上的运动  a rise in the road  道路上的坡 the house stood on a rise  房子坐落于小山上 the rise and fall of the waves  波浪的起伏 3  an increase in sound or pitch 音量的增强，音调的提高 4  a  an increase in amount, extent, etc. (数量、幅度的)增长  a rise in unemployment  失业的增加b Brit.  an increase in salary, wages, etc. [英] (薪水、工资等的)增加 5  an increase in status or power (地位的)提高，(权力的)增加 6  social, commercial, or political advancement; upward progress (社会或政治的)进步，(商业的)发展 7  the movement of a fish to the surface, to take a fly or bait (鱼为咬饵而)浮上水面 8  origin 起因，起源，由来 9  a  the vertical height of a step, arch, incline, etc. (台阶、拱形或斜坡等的)垂直高度b  = RISER 2  □ get (or take) a rise out of  colloq.  provoke an emotional reaction from (a person), esp. by teasing [口] (尤指通过挑逗而)引起(某人的)情绪反应；惹恼某人□ on the rise   on the increase 在增加(或上涨、上升、增强等)□ rise above   1  be superior to (petty feelings etc.) 摆脱，克服，超越(狭隘的情感等) 2  show dignity or strength in the face of (difficulty, poor conditions, etc.) 以超越的姿态面对(困难、困境等)□ rise and shine  (usu. as imper. 通常作祈使句) colloq.  get out of bed smartly; wake up [口]快起床，快醒来□ rise in the world   attain a higher social position 飞黄腾达□ rise to   develop powers equal to (an occasion) 发挥能力去对付(某种场合)，起而应变□ rise with the sun (or lark)   get up early in the morning 早起 [Old English rīsan, from Germanic]

riser /ˈraizə/ n.  1  a person who rises esp. from bed 起来的人(尤指起床者)  an early riser  早起的人 2  a vertical section between the treads of a staircase 楼梯踏步竖板 3  a vertical pipe for the flow of liquid or gas (液体或气体流动的)垂直管道，立管，竖管 4  a low platform on a stage, in a studio, etc. (舞台或摄影棚等中搭建的)活动平台

rishi /ˈriʃi/ n. (pl. rishis)  a Hindu sage or saint (印度教的)哲人，圣人 [Sanskrit ṛiṣi]

risible /ˈrizib(ə)l/ adj.  1  laughable, ludicrous 可笑的，滑稽的 2  inclined to laugh 爱笑的 3 Anat.  relating to laughter 【解】笑的  risible nerves  笑神经 □ risibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ risibly  adv.   [Late Latin risibilis from Latin ridēre ris- ‘to laugh’]

rising /ˈraiziŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  going up; getting higher 上升的，升起的 2  increasing 增长的，递增的  rising costs  越来越高的费用 3  advancing to maturity or high standing 成长中的，成熟中的  the rising generation  年轻的一代 a rising young lawyer  年轻有为的律师 4 Brit.  approaching a specified age [英]快到某一特定年龄的  the rising fives  快到 5 岁的孩子们 5 (of ground) sloping upwards (地面)向上倾斜的，逐渐升高的 ●n.  a revolt or insurrection 起义，造反；反抗

rising damp n. Brit.  moisture absorbed from the ground into a wall [英] (从地面吸入墙垣的)上升潮气

risk /risk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a chance or possibility of danger, loss, injury, or other adverse consequences 危险，风险  a health risk  危及健康 a risk of fire  起火的危险 2  a person or thing causing a risk or regarded in relation to risk 引起危险的事物；具有危害性的事物；危险人物；处境危险者  is a poor risk  是危重(患)者 ●v. tr.  1  expose to risk 使冒…的风险(或危险) 2  accept the chance of 担…的风险  could not risk getting wet  不能冒被弄湿的危险 3  venture on 冒险去做，大胆去干 □ at risk   exposed to danger 处境危险；遭受危险□ at one's (own) risk   accepting responsibility, agreeing to make no claims 自担风险□ at the risk of   with the possibility of (an adverse consequence) 冒着…的风险(或危险)□ put at risk   expose to danger 使…冒险□ risk one's neck   put one's own life in danger 冒生命危险□ run a (or the) risk  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  expose oneself to danger or loss etc. 使自己处境危险(或遭受损失)□ take (or run) a risk   chance the possibility of danger etc. 冒险 [French risque, risquer from Italian risco ‘danger’, riscare ‘run into danger’]

risk capital n.  money put up for speculative business investment 风险资本(用于投机的商业资本)

risky /ˈriski/ adj. (riskier, riskiest)  1  involving risk 危险的；有风险的 2  = RISQUÉ  □ riskily  adv.  □ riskiness  n.  

Risorgimento /riˌsɔ:dʒiˈmentəʊ/ n. hist.  a movement for the unification and independence of Italy (achieved in 1870) [史义]意大利复兴运动(意大利独立与统一的运动，于 1870 年实现目标) [Italian, = resurrection]

risotto /riˈzɒtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  an Italian dish of rice cooked in stock with meat, onions, etc. 意大利调味饭(将肉、洋葱等与米饭一起烹制) [Italian, from riso ‘rice’]

risqué /ˈri:skei, ˈriskei, riˈskei/ adj. (of a story etc.) slightly indecent or liable to shock (故事等)有伤风化的，有些下流的；会使人吃惊的 [French, past part. of risquer RISK]

rissole /ˈrisəʊl/ n.  a compressed mixture of meat and spices, coated in breadcrumbs and fried 炸肉饼(将肉与调料混合成饼，再用面包屑裹住，然后油炸而成) [French from Old French ruissole, roussole, ultimately via Late Latin russeolus ‘reddish’ from Latin russus ‘red’]

rit. /rit/ abbr. Mus. [缩略]【音】  ritardando 

Rita /ˈri:tə/   丽塔 [人名]

ritardando /ritɑ:ˈdændəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. (pl. -os or ritardandi /-di/) Mus. 【音】  = RALLENTANDO  [Italian]

Ritchie /ˈritʃi/   里奇 [人名]

rite /rait/ n.  1  a religious or solemn observance or act (宗教等的)仪式  burial rites  丧葬仪式 2  an action or procedure required or usual in this (仪式的)惯例；礼节 3  a body of customary observances characteristic of a Church or a part of it (基督教派的特定)圣餐式；礼拜仪式  the Latin rite  拉丁式礼拜仪式 □ riteless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French rit, rite or Latin ritus (esp. religious) ‘usage’]

ritenuto /ritəˈnu:təʊ/ adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  with immediate reduction of speed 突慢地 ●n. (pl. -os)  a passage played in this way 突慢乐段 [Italian]

rite of passage n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a ritual or event marking a stage of a person's advance through life, e.g. marriage (标志人生进入新阶段的)仪式或重大事件(如婚姻)

ritornello /ritɔ:ˈneləʊ/ n. Mus. (pl. -os or ritornelli /-li/)  a short instrumental refrain, interlude, etc., in a vocal work 【音】(声乐作品中的)过门；间奏曲 [Italian, diminutive of ritorno RETURN]

ritual /ˈritʃʊəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a prescribed order of performing rites (事先定好的)举行仪式的程序；仪规；礼制 2  a procedure regularly followed 礼仪，仪式；惯例 ●adj.  of or done as a ritual or rites (有关)仪式的，作为仪式的  ritual murder  活人祭仪 □ ritualize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ ritualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  □ ritually  adv.   [Latin ritualis (as RITE)]

ritualism /ˈritʃʊəliz(ə)m/ n.  the regular or excessive practice of ritual 仪式主义 □ ritualist  n.  □ ritualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ ritualistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

ritzy /ˈritsi/ adj. (ritzier, ritziest) colloq. [口]  1  high-class, luxurious 高级的，豪华的 2  ostentatiously smart 炫耀的，浮华的 □ ritzily  adv.  □ ritziness  n.   [Ritz, the name of luxury hotels from C. Ritz, Swiss hotel-owner d. 1918]

rival /ˈraiv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person competing with another for the same objective 竞争者，对手 2  a person or thing that equals another in quality (品质或质量)可匹敌的(人或物) 3 (作 attrib.)  being a rival or rivals 竞争的；对抗的  a rival firm  竞争公司 ●v. tr. (rivalled, rivalling; US [美] rivaled, rivaling)  1  be the rival of or comparable to 与…竞争；与…匹敌 2  seem or claim to be as good as 看上去(或声称)能比得上 [Latin rivalis, originally = using the same stream, from rivus ‘stream’]

rivalry /ˈraiv(ə)lri/ n. (pl. -ies)  the state or an instance of being rivals; competition 竞争(状态；) 对抗行为

rive /raiv/ v. (past rived; past part. riven /ˈriv(ə)n/) archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1 tr.  split or tear apart violently 猛地劈开(或撕开) 2  a tr.  split (wood or stone) 劈开(木头或石头)b intr.  be split 被劈开，裂开 [Middle English from Old Norse rífa]

river /ˈrivə/ n.  1  a copious natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea or a lake etc. 江，河 2  a copious flow 巨流  a river of lava  熔岩流 rivers of blood  血流成河 3 (作 attrib.) (in the names of animals, plants, etc.) living in or associated with rivers (用于动植物等名称中)生长在河里的，与河有关的 □ sell down the river  colloq.  betray or let down [口]出卖；辜负□ rivered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ riverless  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French river, rivere, Old French riviere ‘river, river bank’, ultimately via Latin riparius from ripa ‘bank’]

river blindness n.  a tropical skin disease transmitted by the bite of blackflies and caused by the parasitic threadworm Onchocerca volvulus, the larvae of which can migrate into the eye and cause blindness Also called 亦称作 ONCHOCERCIASIS 盘尾丝虫病(一种由墨蚊叮咬传染的热带病，病原为一种盘丝属寄生蛲虫，其幼虫可进入眼睛导致盲症)

riverboat /ˈrivəbəʊt/ n.  a boat designed for use on rivers 江轮；内河船

river capture n. Brit.  the diversion of the upper headwaters of a mountain stream into a more powerful one [英]河流袭夺(指将山中河源的水转向，从而使其更具冲力)

riverine /ˈrivərain/ adj.  of or on a river or river bank; riparian 河流的；河上的；河边的，水滨的

riverside /ˈrivəsaid/ n.  the ground along a river bank 河畔，河边

rivet /ˈrivit/ n. & v. ●n.  a nail or bolt for holding together metal plates etc., its headless end being beaten out or pressed down when in place 铆钉 ●v. tr. (riveted, riveting)  1  a  join or fasten with rivets (用铆钉)铆，铆接b  beat out or press down the end of (a nail or bolt) 敲平(钉、螺栓的)上端c  fix; make immovable 固定 2  a (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  direct intently (one's eyes or attention etc.) 集中(目光、注意力等)；紧盯；密切注意b (esp. as 尤作 riveting adj.)  engross (a person or the attention) 吸引住(人或注意力) □ riveter  n.   [Middle English from Old French, from river ‘clench’, of unknown origin]

riviera /riviˈɛərə/ n.  a coastal region with a subtropical climate, vegetation, etc., esp. that of SE France and NW Italy (具有亚热带气候、植被等的)海边地区(尤指法国东南和意大利西北部) [Italian, = seashore]

rivière /riviˈɛə/ n.  a gem necklace, esp. of more than one string (尤指多串的)宝石项链 [French, = RIVER]

rivulet /ˈrivjʊlit/ n.  a small stream 小河；小溪流 [obsolete riveret from French, diminutive of rivière RIVER, perhaps suggested by Italian rivoletto, diminutive of rivolo, diminutive of rivo, from Latin rivus ‘stream’]

riyal var.  of RIAL  RIAL 的变体

RL abbr. [缩略]  Rugby League 

rly. abbr. [缩略]  railway 

RM abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Marines  2  Resident Magistrate (爱尔兰的)受薪治安官 3 (in the UK) Royal Mail (英国)皇家邮件

rm. abbr. [缩略]  room 

RMA abbr.  Royal Military Academy [缩略]皇家陆军军官学校

r.m.s. abbr. Math. [缩略]【数】  root-mean-square 

RMT abbr.  National Union of Rail, Maritime, and Transport Workers [缩略]全国铁路、航海及运输工人联合会

RN abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Navy  2  Registered Nurse 

Rn symb. Chem.  the element radon [符]【化】(化学元素)氡

RNA abbr. [缩略]  ribonucleic acid 

RNAS abbr. (in the UK) Royal Naval Air Service (or Station) [缩略] (英国)皇家海军航空队(或航空站)

RNLI abbr. (in the UK) Royal National Lifeboat Institution [缩略] (英国)皇家全国救生艇协会

RNZAF abbr.  Royal New Zealand Air Force [缩略]新西兰皇家空军

RNZN abbr.  Royal New Zealand Navy [缩略]新西兰皇家海军

roach1 /rəʊtʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a small freshwater fish, esp. Rutilus rutilus, allied to the carp 斜齿鳊(小型淡水鱼，似鲤鱼) [Middle English from Old French roc(h)e, of unknown origin]

roach2 /rəʊtʃ/ n.  1 N. Amer. colloq.  a cockroach [北美口]蟑螂 2 slang  the butt of a marijuana cigarette [俚语]大麻烟蒂 [abbreviation]

roach3 /rəʊtʃ/ n. Naut. 【海】  1  a  a curved part of a fore-and-aft sail extending beyond a straight line between its corners, esp. on the leech side (尤指纵帆后缘的)帆边凹弧b  the breadth of this 帆边凹弧的宽(幅)度 2  an upward curve in the foot of a square sail 横帆下缘的弧形切口 [18th c.: origin unknown]

road1 /rəʊd/ n.  1  a  a path or way with a specially prepared surface, used by vehicles, pedestrians, etc. 路，道路；公路b  the part of this used by vehicles (道路的)车行道  don't step in the road  别踏上车行道 2 esp. Brit.  one's way or route [尤英]途径；路线  our road took us through unexplored territory  我们的路线穿过了未经勘察的地区 3  an underground passage in a mine (矿井的)巷道 4 US  a railway [美]铁路 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a partly sheltered piece of water near the shore in which ships can ride at anchor 泊碇区，下锚区(部分有遮蔽、可供船只停泊的近岸水域) □ by road   using transport along roads 用公路运输□ get out of the (or my etc.) road  colloq.  cease to obstruct a person [口]别碍事，别挡道□ in the (or my etc.) road  colloq.  obstructing a person or thing [口]碍事，挡道□ one for the road  colloq.  a final (esp. alcoholic) drink before departure [口]临行的最后一杯(酒)，饯行酒□ on the road   travelling, esp. as a firm's representative, itinerant performer, or vagrant 在旅途中，在工差途中；(剧团等)在巡回演出途中；在流浪□ the road to   the way of getting to or achieving 到达…的路线；达到…的途径  the road to London  通往伦敦的路 the road to ruin  毁灭的道路□ take the road   set out 出发，启程□ roadless  adj.   [Old English rɑˉd from rīdan RIDE]

road2 /rəʊd/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a dog) follow up (a game bird) by the scent of its trail (狗)循气味追踪(猎鸟) [19th c.: origin unknown]

roadbed /ˈrəʊdbed/ n.  1  the foundation structure of a railway (铁路的)路基 2  the material laid down to form a road (道路的)路床 3 US  the part of a road on which vehicles travel [美] (道路的)车行道

roadblock /ˈrəʊdblɒk/ n.  a barrier or barricade on a road, esp. one set up by the authorities to stop and examine traffic (尤指当局为检查通行车辆而设立的)路障

road fund n. Brit. hist.  a fund for the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges [英史义]道路基金(为修建和养护道路与桥梁而设的基金)

road fund licence n. Brit.  a disc displayed on a vehicle certifying payment of road tax [英] (表示已缴纳道路税的)车辆完税牌

road hog n. colloq.  a reckless or inconsiderate road user, esp. a motorist [口]横冲直撞的机动车驾驶者

road-holding n.  the capacity of a moving vehicle to remain stable when cornering at high speeds etc. 车辆行驶性能(车辆接近高速行驶时的稳定性)

roadhouse /ˈrəʊdhəʊs/ n.  an inn or club on a major road 公路(干线)边的旅店，路边客栈

road hump n.  = SLEEPING POLICEMAN 

roadie /ˈrəʊdi/ n. colloq.  an assistant employed by a touring band of musicians to erect and maintain equipment [口]巡回乐队雇来搭建、维护器材的人员

road kill n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  the killing of an animal by a road vehicle 动物被路上车辆撞(轧)死 2  an animal that has been so killed 被路上车辆撞(轧)死的动物

roadman /ˈrəʊdmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit.  a man employed to repair or maintain roads [英]修路工；养路工

road manager n.  the organizer and supervisor of a musicians' tour 巡回乐队的组织管理人

road map n.  a map showing the roads of a country or area 道路图，公路交通图

road metal n. Brit.  broken stone used in road-making or for railway ballast [英] (公路或铁路的)筑路碎石，铺路石，道碴

road-pricing n.  the practice of charging motorists to use busy roads at certain times 特定时间对使用繁忙路段的机动车辆收费

roadroller /ˈrəʊdrəʊlə/ n.  a motor vehicle with a heavy roller, used in road-making 压路机

roadrunner /ˈrəʊdrʌnə/ n.  a fast-running bird of Mexican and US deserts, Geococcyx californianus, related to the cuckoo 走鹃(墨西哥及美国沙漠的一种杜鹃鸟，跑得很快)

road sense n. Brit.  a person's capacity for safe behaviour on the road, esp. in traffic [英]路感，尤指安全行车本领

roadshow /ˈrəʊdʃəʊ/ n.  1  a  a performance given by a touring company, esp. a group of pop musicians (尤指流行歌手的)巡回演出b  a company giving such performances 巡回演出团体 2  a radio or television programme done on location, esp. a series of programmes each from a different venue (外景地制作的)广播电视节目(尤指奔走各地的系列节目) 3  a touring political or advertising campaign (政治或广告的)巡回活动

roadside /ˈrəʊdsaid/ n.  the strip of land beside a road 路边，路边地带 often 常作 attrib.: roadside café  路边咖啡屋

road sign n.  a sign giving information or instructions to road users 交通标志；路标

roadstead /ˈrəʊdsted/ n.  = ROAD1 5  [ROAD1 + stead in obsolete sense ‘place’]

roadster /ˈrəʊdstə/ n.  1  an open two-seater motor car 双座敞篷小汽车 2  a bicycle or (formerly) a horse for use on the road 自行车；(旧时用于公路交通的)马

road sweeper n.  a person who sweeps roads for a living 道路清扫工

road tax n. Brit.  a periodic tax payable on road vehicles [英] (定期缴纳的)道路车辆税

road test n. & v. ●n.  a test of the performance of a vehicle on the road (测试车辆性能的)道路测试，路测 ●v. tr. (作 road-test)  test (a vehicle) on the road 对(车辆)进行道路测试

road train n. esp. Austral.  a large lorry pulling one or more trailers [尤澳]汽车列车(带有一节或多节拖车的大卡车)

roadway /ˈrəʊdwei/ n.  1  a road 公路；路面 2  = ROAD1 1b  3  the part of a bridge or railway used for traffic (桥梁或铁道的)车行道

roadwork /ˈrəʊdwɜ:k/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  the construction or repair of roads, or other work involving digging up a road surface [英]筑路，修路，道路施工 2  athletic exercise or training involving running on roads (包括公路赛跑的)公路体育锻炼或训练

roadworthy /ˈrəʊdwɜ:ði/ adj.  fit to be used on the road 适于在公路上行驶的 □ roadworthiness  n.  

roam /rəʊm/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  ramble, wander 漫游，漫步；流浪 2 tr.  travel unsystematically over, through, or about (漫无目的地)在…随便走，漫步于；在…流浪 ●n.  an act of roaming; a ramble 漫游，漫步；流浪 □ roamer  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

roan1 /rəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal, esp. a horse or cow) having a coat of which the prevailing colour is thickly interspersed with hairs of another colour, esp. bay or sorrel or chestnut mixed with white or grey (动物，尤指马或奶牛)沙毛的(尤指在枣红色、栗色中混杂白色或灰色的毛) ●n.  a roan animal 沙毛动物 [Old French, of unknown origin]

roan2 /rəʊn/ n.  soft sheepskin leather used in bookbinding as a substitute for morocco (用以替代摩洛哥皮革作装订用的)软绵羊皮 [Middle English, perhaps from Roan, old name of Rouen in N. France]

roar /rɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loud deep hoarse sound, as made by a lion, a person in pain or rage or excitement, thunder, a loud engine, etc. (狮子等的)吼声；(人在痛苦、愤怒或激动时的)大声叫喊；咆哮；(雷、马达等的)轰鸣声 2  a loud laugh 大声笑 ●v.  1 intr.  a  utter or make a roar 吼叫；咆哮；大叫；轰鸣b  utter loud laughter 放声大笑c (of a horse) make a loud noise in breathing as a symptom of disease (马生病时)吼喘 2 intr.  travel in a vehicle at high speed, esp. with the engine roaring 乘坐(尤指马达轰鸣的)汽车疾驰 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  say, sing, or utter (words, an oath, etc.) in a loud tone 大声唱出或说出(话、誓言等) □ roarer  n.   [Old English rɑˉrian, of imitative origin]

roaring /ˈrɔ:riŋ/ adj.  in senses of ROAR v. 用于 ROAR 的动词各释义 □ roaring drunk  colloq.  very drunk and noisy [口]烂醉如泥的；大发酒疯的□ roaring success  colloq.  a great success [口]大成功□ roaring trade (or business)  colloq.  very brisk trade or business [口]极兴旺的生意□ roaringly  adv.  

roaring forties n. pl.  stormy ocean tracts between latitudes 40° and 50° S. (南纬 40° 至 50° 之间的)海洋风暴带

roaring twenties n. pl. colloq.  the decade of the 1920s (with reference to its post-war buoyancy) [口] (战后)兴旺的 20 世纪 20 年代

roast /rəʊst/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  cook (food, esp. meat) in an oven or by exposure to open heat 烤，炙；烘(食物，尤指肉)b  heat (coffee beans) before grinding 烘焙(咖啡豆) 2 tr.  heat (the ore of metal) in a furnace 焙烧(金属矿石) 3 tr.  a  expose (a torture victim) to fire or great heat 使(被拷问者等)受烙刑b tr. & refl.  expose (oneself or part of oneself) to warmth 使取暖 4 tr.  criticize severely, denounce 严厉批评，非难，谴责 5 intr.  undergo roasting 被烘烤，受热 ●attrib. adj. (of meat or a potato, chestnut, etc.) roasted (肉、土豆、栗子等)烤制的，烤好的 ●n.  1  a  roast meat 烤肉b  a dish of this (作为一道菜的)烤肉c  a piece of meat for roasting 待烤的肉 2  the process of roasting 烤，炙；烘 3 US  a party where roasted food is eaten [美]烤食野餐会 [Middle English from Old French rost, rostir, from Germanic]

roaster /ˈrəʊstə/ n.  1  a person or thing that roasts 烘烤者；烘烤器具 2  a  an oven or dish for roasting food in 烤箱，烤炉，烤盘b  an ore-roasting furnace 焙烧炉c  a coffee-roasting apparatus (咖啡豆的)烘焙器 3  something fit for roasting, e.g. a fowl, a potato, etc. 适于烘烤的东西(如禽肉、土豆等)

roasting /ˈrəʊstiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  very hot and dry 火烫的，灼热的 ●n.  1  in senses of ROAST v. 用于 ROAST 的动词各释义 2  a severe criticism or denunciation 严厉的批评或非难

Rob /rɒb/   罗布 [人名]

rob /rɒb/ v. tr. (robbed, robbing) (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  take unlawfully from, esp. by force or threat of force 盗窃；抢(尤指抢劫)  robbed the safe  盗窃了保险箱里的东西 robbed her of her jewels  抢走了她的珠宝 2  deprive of what is due or normal 剥夺，使丧失(应有的东西)  was robbed of my sleep  使我失眠 3 (absol. [含宾])  commit robbery 盗窃；抢劫 □ rob Peter to pay Paul   take away from one to give to another, discharge one debt by incurring another 拆东墙补西墙，借钱还债 [Middle English from Old French rob(b)er, from Germanic: related to REAVE]

robber /ˈrɒbə/ n.  a person who commits robbery 抢劫者，强盗，盗贼 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French (as ROB)]

robber baron n.  1 hist.  a plundering feudal lord [史义]强盗贵族 2  an unscrupulous plutocrat 巧取豪夺的财阀

robbery /ˈrɒb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the act or process of robbing, esp. with force or threat of force 盗窃；抢劫b  an instance of this 盗窃案；抢劫案 2  excessive financial demand or cost 敲诈，勒索  set us back £ 20 - it was sheer robbery  要我们花 20 英镑——这纯粹是敲竹杠 [Middle English from Old French roberie (as ROB)]

Robbie /ˈrɒbi/   罗比 [人名]

robe /rəʊb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long loose outer garment 长袍，罩袍 2 esp. N. Amer.  a dressing gown [尤北美]晨衣，睡袍，浴衣 3  a baby's outer garment esp. at a christening (尤指婴儿受洗礼时穿的)婴儿罩衣 4 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a long outer garment worn as an indication of the wearer's rank, office, profession, etc.; a gown or vestment (标志级别、职位、职业等的)袍服；礼服 5 N. Amer.  a blanket or wrap of fur [北美]毛皮(盖)毯，毛皮覆盖物 ●v.  1 tr.  clothe (a person) in a robe; dress 给(某人)穿上长袍(或晨衣、袍服等)；给…穿衣 2 intr.  put on one's robes or vestments 穿上长袍(或晨衣、袍服等) [Middle English via Old French from Germanic (as ROB, originally in the sense ‘booty’)]

Robert /ˈrɒbət/   罗伯特 [人名]

Roberta /rəuˈbɜ:tə/   罗伯塔 [人名]

Robin /ˈrɒbin/   罗宾 [人名]

robin /ˈrɒbin/ n.  1 (also 亦作 robin redbreast)  a small brown European bird, Erithacus rubecula, the adult of which has a red throat and breast 欧鸲(欧洲一种褐色小鸟，成鸟喉部及胸部变红色) 2 N. Amer.  a red-breasted thrush, Turdus migratorius [北美]旅鸫(一种红胸鸫鸟) 3  a bird similar in appearance etc. to either of these 样子类似上述任何一种鸟的鸟 □ Robin Hood  (with reference to the legend of the medieval forest outlaw) a person who acts illegally or unfavourably towards the rich for the benefit of the poor 劫富济贫者(源自中世纪传说中的绿林好汉罗宾汉) [Middle English from Old French, familiar variant of the name Robert]

robinia /rəˈbiniə/ n.  any N. American tree or shrub of the genus Robinia, e.g. a locust tree or false acacia 刺槐属植物(指任何北美刺槐属灌木或乔木，如刺槐、洋槐) [modern Latin, named after J. Robin, 17th-c. French gardener]

roborant /ˈrəʊb(ə)r(ə)nt, ˈrɒb-/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  strengthening 使身体强壮的，增强体力的 ●n.  a strengthening drug 强壮剂 [Latin roborare from robur -oris ‘strength’]

robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ n.  1  a machine with a human appearance or functioning like a human 机器人 2  a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically (能自动完成系列复杂操作的)自动机器；自动控制装置 3  a person who works mechanically and efficiently but insensitively 机械而高效工作的人 4 S. Afr.  an automatic traffic signal [南非]自动交通信号灯 □ robotic  /-ˈbɒtik/ adj.  □ robotically  /-ˈbɒtik(ə)li/ adv.  □ robotize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ robotization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)   [Czech (used in K. Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), 1920), from robota ‘forced labour’]

robotics /rəʊˈbɒtiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of robots; the art or science of their design and operation 机器人学；机器人设计与操作技术

robust /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌst/ adj. (robuster, robustest)  1 (of a person, animal, or thing) strong and sturdy, esp. in physique or construction (人、动物)粗壮的，强壮的，健壮的；(东西)结实的，坚固的 2 (of exercise, discipline, etc.) vigorous, requiring strength (锻炼、训练等)高强度的，费体力的 3 (of intellect or mental attitude) straightforward, not given to nor confused by subtleties (智力、头脑)直截了当的，明白的，不被细节困扰的 4 (of a statement, reply, etc.) bold, firm, unyielding (陈述、回答等)坚定的 5 (of wine etc.) full-bodied (酒等)醇厚的 □ robustly  adv.  □ robustness  n.   [French robuste or Latin robustus ‘firm and hard’ from robus, robur ‘oak, strength’]

robusta /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstə/ n.  1  coffee or coffee beans from a widely grown African species of coffee plant, Coffea canephora (formerly robusta) (原广泛产于非洲的)粗壮咖啡(或咖啡豆) 2  the plant itself (cf. 参见 ARABICA) 上述咖啡植物 [modern Latin, from Latin robustus ‘robust’]

ROC abbr. (in the UK) Royal Observer Corps [缩略] (英国)皇家对空观察队(一种民防组织)

roc /rɒk/ n.  a gigantic bird of Eastern legend 大鹏(东方传说中的巨鸟) [Spanish rocho, ultimately from Arabic ruk]

rocaille /rə(ʊ)ˈkai/ n.  1  an 18th-c. style of ornamentation based on rock and shell motifs (18 世纪用岩石与贝壳作图案的)装饰风格 2  a rococo style 洛可可式风格，浮华纤巧的风格 [French from roc (as ROCK1)]

rocambole /ˈrɒk(ə)mbəʊl/ n.  an allium, Allium scorodoprasum, with a garlic-like bulb used for seasoning 胡蒜(一种葱属植物，大蒜状鳞茎可做调料) [French from German Rockenbolle]

roche moutonnée /rɒʃ mu:ˈtɒnei/ n. Geol.  a small bare outcrop of rock shaped by glacial erosion 【地质】羊背石(冰川侵蚀而成的圆形小丘状岩石) [French, = fleecy rock]

rochet /ˈrɒtʃit/ n.  a vestment resembling a surplice, used chiefly by bishops and abbots (主教等高级教士穿的)白色法衣 [Middle English from Old French, diminutive of a Germanic word related to Old High German roch ‘coat’]

rock1 /rɒk/ n.  1  a  the hard material of the earth's crust, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil 岩石(地球地壳的坚硬物质)b  a similar material on other planets (其他行星的)岩石 2 Geol.  any natural material, hard or soft (e.g. clay), consisting of one or more minerals 【地质】(含一种或多种矿物质的坚硬或柔软的)天然物质(如黏土)；矿石 3  a  a mass of rock projecting and forming a hill, cliff, reef, etc. 山岩，岩壁；礁石，暗礁b (作 the Rock)  Gibraltar 直布罗陀 4  a large detached stone 大石块 5 US  a stone of any size [美] (各种大小的)石头 6  a firm and dependable support or protection 支柱，靠山，庇护 7  a source of danger or destruction 隐患，祸根 8 Brit.  a kind of hard confectionery usu. made in cylindrical peppermint-flavoured sticks [英] (通常薄荷味的)彩色硬棒糖 9 (in pl. 用复数) US slang  money [美] [俚语]钱 10 slang  a precious stone, esp. a diamond [俚语]宝石(尤指钻石) 11 slang  a solid form of cocaine [俚语]固体可卡因 12 (in pl. 用复数) coarse slang  the testicles [粗俗俚语]睾丸 □ between a rock and a hard place  N. Amer.  in a dilemma [北美]处于困境，进退两难□ get one's rocks off  coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  have a sexual orgasm 产生性高潮 2  obtain enjoyment 获取快感□ on the rocks  colloq. [口]  1  short of money 缺钱 2 (esp. of a marriage) in danger of breaking up (尤指婚姻等)濒于破裂 3 (of a drink) served undiluted with ice cubes (饮料)只加冰块的□ rockless  adj.  □ rocklet  n.  □ rocklike  adj.   [Middle English from Old French ro(c)que, roche, medieval Latin rocca, of unknown origin]

rock2 /rɒk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  move gently to and fro in or as if in a cradle; set or maintain such motion 轻轻摇动，使一直轻轻摇  rock him to sleep  轻轻摇着使他入睡 the ship was rocked by the waves  波浪轻摇小船 2 intr.  be or continue in such motion (持续)轻轻摇动  sat rocking in his chair  坐在他的椅子上前后轻摇 the ship was rocking on the waves  船在波浪中轻轻摇动 3  a intr.  sway from side to side; shake, oscillate, reel 摇摆，抖动，振动，晃动  the house rocks  房屋晃动b tr.  cause to do this 使摇摆(或抖动、振动、晃动等)  an earthquake rocked the house  地震使房屋晃动 4 tr.  distress, perturb 使不安，使苦恼 5 intr.  dance to or play rock music 跳摇滚舞；奏摇滚乐 ●n.  1  a rocking movement 摇动，摆动，晃动  gave the chair a rock  轻轻摇了一下椅子 2  a spell of rocking 一阵轻轻摇动  had a rock in his chair  他的椅子轻轻摇了一阵 3  a  = ROCK AND ROLL b  any of a variety of types of modern popular music with a rocking or swinging beat, derived from rock and roll 带有摇滚节奏的现代流行乐 □ rock the boat  colloq.  disturb the equilibrium of a situation [口]打破(或打乱)平静状态 [Old English roccian, probably from Germanic]

rockabilly /ˈrɒkəbili/ n.  a type of popular music combining elements of rock and roll and hill-billy music 山区乡村摇滚乐(一种结合摇滚乐与山地音乐的现代音乐) [blend of rock and roll and hill-billy]

rock and roll n. (also 亦作 rock 'n' roll)  a type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies, often with a blues element 摇滚乐(起源于 20 世纪 50 年代的流行音乐形式，旋律简单，节奏强劲，常带有布鲁斯成分) □ rock and roller  n.  

rock-bed n.  a base of rock or a rocky bottom 基岩，底岩；岩层

rock-bottom adj. & n. ●adj. (of prices etc.) the very lowest (价格等)最低的，最低水平的 ●n.  the very lowest level 最低水平，最低限度

rock-bound adj. (of a coast) rocky and inaccessible (海岸)多岩石(或礁石)的，被岩石包围的，难以接近的

rockburst /ˈrɒkbɜ:st/ n.  a sudden rupture or collapse of highly stressed rock in a mine 矿井内岩层的突然断裂或坍塌

rock cake n. esp. Brit.  a small currant cake with a hard rough surface [尤英]岩皮饼(表面粗硬的小甜饼)

rock candy n. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROCK1n. 8 

rock-climbing n.  the sport of climbing rock faces, esp. with the aid of ropes etc. (尤指借助绳索等的)攀岩运动 □ rock-climber  n.  

rock cress n.  = ARABIS 

rock crystal n.  transparent colourless quartz usu. in hexagonal prisms 水晶

rock-dove n.  a wild dove, Columba livia, frequenting rocks, supposed ancestor of the domestic pigeon 原鸽(常出没于岩石的野鸽，被推测为家鸽的祖先)

rocker /ˈrɒkə/ n.  1  a person or thing that rocks 摇动者(或物件) 2  a curved bar or similar support, on which something can rock (物体得以摇摆的)弧形物，弧形弯脚，弧形底 3  a rocking chair 摇椅 4  a Brit.  a devotee of rock music, characteristically associated with leather clothing and motorcycles [英]摇滚乐迷，摇滚爱好者(常以皮衣和摩托车为特征)b  a rock musician 摇滚乐演奏者 5  a skate with a highly curved blade 弯刀冰鞋 6  a switch constructed on a pivot mechanism operating between the ‘on’ and ‘off’ positions 摇杆开关 7  any rocking device forming part of a mechanism 摇臂；摇杆；摇轴；淘金摇动槽 □ off one's rocker  slang  crazy [俚语]发疯，神经失常

rockery /ˈrɒk(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a heaped arrangement of rough stones with soil between them for growing rock plants on 假山

rocket1 /ˈrɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylindrical projectile that can be propelled to a great height or distance by combustion of its contents, used esp. as a firework or signal 火箭 2  an engine using a similar principle but not dependent on air intake for its operation 火箭发动机 3  a rocket-propelled missile, spacecraft, etc. 火箭推进式导弹(或航天器等) 4 Brit. colloq.  a severe reprimand [英口]严厉斥责 ●v. (rocketed, rocketing)  1 tr.  bombard with rockets 用火箭轰击 2 intr.  a  move rapidly upwards or away 飞速升起；飞快行进b  increase rapidly 急剧增长  prices rocketed  价格飞涨 [French roquette from Italian rochetto, diminutive of rocca ROCK2, with reference to its cylindrical shape]

rocket2 /ˈrɒkit/ n.  1 (also 亦作 sweet rocket)  any of various fast-growing plants, esp. of the genus Hesperis or Sisymbrium 紫花南芥 2  a variety of the cruciferous annual plant Eruca vesicaria grown for salad also called 亦称作 roquette, arugula 芝麻菜(十字花科的一年生植物，成熟后可做色拉) [French roquette via Italian rochetta, ruchetta, diminutive of ruca, from Latin eruca ‘downy-stemmed plant’]

rocketeer /rɒkiˈtiə/ n.  1  a person who discharges rocket-propelled missiles 火箭推进式导弹的发射者 2  a person who works with space rockets; a rocket enthusiast 太空火箭(设计或操作)工作者；火箭爱好者

rocketry /ˈrɒkitri/ n.  the science or practice of rocket propulsion 火箭推进技术，火箭学；火箭推进

rock face n.  a vertical surface of natural rock 天然岩石的垂直表面

rockfall /ˈrɒkfɔ:l/ n.  1  a descent of loose rocks 岩崩 2  a mass of fallen rock 落石

rockfish /ˈrɒkfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a rock-frequenting goby, bass, wrasse, catfish, etc. 岩鱼(生活在岩石底或岩石间的虾虎鱼、鲈鱼、隆头鱼、鲶鱼等)

rock garden n.  an artificial mound or bank of earth and stones planted with rock plants etc.; a garden in which rockeries are the chief feature 假山；岩石园，假山庭院

rockhopper /ˈrɒkhɒpə/ n.  a small penguin, Eudyptes crestatus, of the Antarctic and New Zealand, with a crest of feathers on the forehead 冠企鹅，岩企鹅(南极和新西兰的一种小企鹅，额前有羽冠)

rocking chair n.  a chair mounted on rockers or springs for gently rocking in 摇椅

rocking horse n.  a model of a horse on rockers or springs for a child to rock on (架在弧形弯脚或弹簧上供儿童骑坐的)木马，弹簧马

rocking-stone n.  a poised boulder easily rocked; a logan-stone 摇石(处于平衡状态，受到轻微触动即发生摇摆的大石)

rockling /ˈrɒkliŋ/ n.  any of various small marine fish of the cod family, esp. of the genus Ciliata and Rhinomenus, found in pools among rocks 小细长鳕鱼(见于岩石间的潮水潭中)

rock 'n' roll var.  of ROCK AND ROLL  ROCK AND ROLL 的变体

rock-pigeon n.  = ROCK-DOVE 

rock pipit n.  a species of pipit, Anthus spinoletta, frequenting rocky shores 岩鹨(常出没于岩石海岸的一种鹨)

rock plant n.  any plant growing on or among rocks 岩石植物，石生植物

rock pool n.  a pool of water among rocks 岩石区潮水潭

rock python n.  any large snake of the family Boidae, esp. the African python Python sebae 大蟒蛇；环蛇

rock rabbit n.  any of several species of hyrax 蹄兔

rock rose n.  any plant of the genus Cistus, Helianthemum, etc., with roselike flowers 岩蔷薇；半日花

rock salmon n.  1  any of several fishes, esp. Brit. (as a commercial name) the catfish and dogfish [尤英]石鲑鱼(狼鱼、狗鲨的商品名) 2 US  an amberjack [美]琥珀鱼

rock salt n.  common salt as a solid mineral 岩盐，石盐

rock-shaft n.  a shaft that oscillates about an axis without making complete revolutions 摇臂轴

rock-solid adj.  very solid or firm 坚如磐石的，稳固的

rockumentary /rɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri/ n.  a documentary about rock music and musicians 有关摇滚乐及摇滚乐手的记录片 [ROCK2 + DOCUMENTARY]

rock-wool n.  inorganic material made into matted fibre esp. for insulation or soundproofing (用于绝缘或隔音的)矿毛绝缘纤维

rocky1 /ˈrɒki/ adj. & n. ●adj. (rockier, rockiest)  1  of or like rock 岩石(状)的；坚如磐石的；无情的 2  full of or abounding in rock or rocks 岩石遍布的，多岩石的  a rocky shore  岩石海岸 ●n. (作 the Rockies)  the Rocky Mountains in western N. America 北美西部的落基山脉 □ rockiness  n.   [ROCK1]

rocky2 /ˈrɒki/ adj. (rockier, rockiest) colloq.  unsteady, tottering [口]不稳定的，摇动的 □ rockily  adv.  □ rockiness  n.   [ROCK2]

Rocky Mountain goat  see 见 MOUNTAIN GOAT 2 

Rocky Mountain spotted fever  see 见 SPOTTED FEVER 3 

rococo /rəˈkəʊkəʊ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of a late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-c. continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving scrollwork, shell motifs, etc. 洛可可式的 (18 世纪欧洲大陆盛行的一种晚期巴洛克风格的装饰，由漩涡形、贝壳图形等不对称图案组成) 2 (of literature, music, architecture, and the decorative arts) highly ornamented, florid (文学、音乐、建筑、装饰艺术等)过分精巧繁琐的，华丽的 ●n.  the rococo style 洛可可风格 [French, jocular alteration of ROCAILLE]

Rod /rɒd/   罗德 [人名]

rod /rɒd/ n.  1  a slender straight bar esp. of wood or metal (尤指木头或金属的)杆；竿；棒 2  this as a symbol of office (标志权位的)权杖 3  a  a stick or bundle of twigs used in caning or flogging (鞭打用的)棍棒，笞鞭；枝条把b (prec. by 前接 the)  the use of this 鞭笞，杖责，抽打 4  a  = FISHING ROD b  an angler using a rod 钓鱼者 5  a  a slender straight round stick growing as a shoot on a tree 树上的又细又直的树枝b  this when cut (砍下来的)又细又直的树枝 6 esp. Brit. hist. (as a measure) a perch or square perch (see 见 PERCH1 3) [尤英史义] (计量单位)一杆；一平方杆 7 US slang [美] [俚语]  = HOT ROD  8 US slang  a pistol or revolver [美] [俚语] (左轮)手枪 9 Anat.  any of numerous rod-shaped structures in the eye, detecting dim light 【解】视(网膜)杆(能辨别微弱光线) □ make a rod for one's own back  Brit.  act in a way that will bring one trouble later [英]自找麻烦，自讨苦吃□ rodless  adj.  □ rodlet  n.  □ rodlike  adj.   [Old English rodd, probably related to Old Norse rudda ‘club’]

rode1 past  of RIDE  

rode2 /rəʊd/ v. intr.  1 (of wildfowl) fly landwards in the evening (野禽)傍晚时飞向陆地 2 (of woodcock) fly in the evening during the breeding season (丘鹬在繁殖季节)于傍晚时飞翔 [18th c.: origin unknown]

rodent /ˈrəʊd(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  a mammal of the order Rodentia, with strong incisors and no canine teeth, e.g. rat, mouse, squirrel, beaver, porcupine 啮齿目动物(门齿发达，无犬齿，如鼠、家鼠、松鼠、河狸、豪猪等) ●adj.  1  of the order Rodentia 啮齿目的 2  gnawing (esp. Med. of slow-growing ulcers) 啃咬的；侵蚀性的；(尤)【医】侵蚀性溃疡的 □ rodential  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin rodere ros- ‘gnaw’]

rodenticide /rəˈdentisaid/ n.  a poison used to kill rodents 灭鼠剂(杀灭啮齿类动物的药剂)

rodent officer n. Brit.  an official dealing with rodent pests [英] (负责消灭啮齿动物灾害的)政府灭鼠员

rodeo /ˈrəʊdiəʊ, rəˈdeiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  an exhibition or entertainment involving cowboys' skills in handling animals (包括牛仔驯动物的)展示或表演，牛仔竞技表演 2  an exhibition of other skills, e.g. in motorcycling (摩托车等的)竞技表演 3  a  a round-up of cattle on a ranch for branding etc. (为打烙印的)圈牛，赶拢牛群b  an enclosure for this (圈牛的)围场 [Spanish from rodear ‘go round’, ultimately from Latin rotare ROTATE1]

Roderick /ˈrɒdrik/   罗德里克 [人名]

Rodge /rɒdʒ/   罗吉 [人名]

rodham /ˈrɒdəm/ n.  a raised bank in the Fen district of E. Anglia, formed on the bed of a dry river course (东英格兰沼泽区干涸河道上形成的)高堤 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Rodney /ˈrɒdni/   罗德尼 [人名]

rodomontade /ˌrɒdə(ʊ)mɒnˈteid/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  boastful or bragging talk or behaviour 大话，狂言；狂妄的举动 2  an instance of this 说大话，吹牛，自吹自擂；做出的狂妄举动 ●adj.  boastful or bragging 吹牛的，自吹自擂的 ●v. intr.  brag, talk boastfully 说大话，吹牛，自吹自擂 [French from obsolete Italian rodomontada, from French rodomont & Italian rodomonte, from the name of a boastful character in the medieval Orlando epics]

roe1 /rəʊ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 hard roe)  the mass of eggs in a female fish's ovary (尚在雌鱼卵巢中的)鱼卵 2 (also 亦作 soft roe)  the milt of a male fish (充满精液的)雄鱼生殖腺；雄鱼精液，鱼白 □ roed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English row(e), rough, from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch roge(n)]

roe2 /rəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or roes) (also 亦作 roe-deer)  a small European and Asian deer, Capreolus capreolus 狍(分布于欧亚两洲的一种小鹿) [Old English rɑˉ(ha)]

roebuck /ˈrəʊbʌk/ n.  a male roe-deer 雄狍

roentgen /ˈrʌntjən; ˈrɜ:nt-, ˈrɒnt-/ n.  a unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic charge in one cubic centimetre of air under standard conditions 伦琴(辐射剂量单位，表示标准条件下在一立方厘米空气中产生一个静电单位正(或负)离子电荷的辐射量) [named after W. C. Röntgen, German physicist (d. 1923), discoverer of X-rays]

roentgenography /rʌntjəˈnɒɡrəfi, rɜ:nt-, rɒnt-/ n.  photography using X-rays X 射线照相术

roentgenology /rʌntjəˈnɒlədʒi, rɜ:nt-, rɒnt-/ n.  = RADIOLOGY 

roentgen rays n. pl. hist.  X-rays [史义] X 射线

roe-stone n.  oolite 鱼卵石，鲕粒岩

rogation /rə(ʊ)ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Eccl.  a solemn supplication consisting of the litany of the saints chanted on the three days before Ascension Day 【教会】(耶稣升天节前的 3 天中由吟唱连祷组成的)庄重祈愿 □ rogational  adj.   [Middle English from Latin rogatio, from rogare ‘ask’]

Rogation Days n. pl.  the three days before Ascension Day 祈祷日(耶稣升天节前的 3 天)

Rogation Sunday n.  the Sunday preceding the Rogation Days 祈祷日前主日(祈祷日之前的星期日)

Rogationtide /rə(ʊ)ˈɡeiʃ(ə)ntaid/ n.  the period of the Rogation Days 耶稣升天节前的 3 天时间

Roger /ˈrɒdʒə/   罗杰 [人名]

roger /ˈrɒdʒə/ int. & v. ●int.  1  your message has been received and understood (used in radio communication etc.) 消息已收到，明白(用于无线电通讯等中) 2 slang  I agree [俚语]我同意，行，可以 ●v. Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语]  1 intr.  have sexual intercourse 性交 2 tr.  have sexual intercourse with (a woman) 与(女子)性交 [the name Roger, code for R]

rogue /rəʊɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dishonest or unprincipled person 无赖，流氓，恶棍 2 joc.  a mischievous person, esp. a child [诙]调皮鬼，捣蛋鬼(尤指儿童) 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a  a wild animal driven away or living apart from the herd and of fierce temper 凶猛的离群兽  rogue elephant  离群野象b  a stray, irresponsible, or undisciplined person or thing 迷途的、不负责任的或任性的人(或物)  rogue trader  胡作非为的商人 4  an inferior or defective specimen among many acceptable ones 劣种，劣等品 ●v. tr.  remove inferior or defective specimens from 去(劣) [16th-c.: origin uncertain]

roguery /ˈrəʊɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  conduct or an action characteristic of rogues 流氓行为，无赖行为；调皮捣蛋

rogues' gallery n.  a collection of photographs of known criminals etc., used for identification of suspects (用来识别嫌疑犯等的)罪犯照片集

roguish /ˈrəʊɡiʃ/ adj.  1  playfully mischievous 调皮的，捣蛋的，淘气的 2  characteristic of rogues 流氓的，无赖的 □ roguishly  adv.  □ roguishness  n.  

roil /rɔil/ v. tr.  1  make (a liquid) turbid by agitating it 搅混(液体) 2 US [美]  = RILE 1  [perhaps via Old French ruiler ‘mix mortar’ from Late Latin regulare ‘regulate’]

roister /ˈrɔistə/ v. intr. (esp. as 尤作 roistering adj.)  revel noisily; be uproarious 喧闹作乐；闹饮；喧嚣 □ roisterer  n.  □ roistering  n.  □ roisterous  adj.   [obsolete roister ‘roisterer’ from French rustre ‘ruffian’, variant of ruste, from Latin rusticus RUSTIC]

Roland /ˈrəʊlənd/ n.   □ a Roland for an Oliver   1  an effective retort 有力的反击(或反驳) 2  a well-balanced combat or exchange 以牙还牙的回击(或报复) [name of the legendary nephew of Charlemagne celebrated with his comrade Oliver in the Chanson de Roland]

role /rəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 rôle)  1  an actor's part in a play, film, etc. 角色 2  a person's or thing's characteristic or expected function 作用，职责，任务  the role of the tape recorder in language-learning  磁带录音机在语言学习中的作用 [French rôle and obsolete French roule, rolle, = ROLL n.]

role model n.  a person looked to by others as an example in a particular role or situation (供人效仿的)角色模型；行为榜样

role-playing n. (also 亦作 role-play)  an exercise or game in which participants act the part of another character, used in psychotherapy, language-teaching, etc. (心理疗法、语言教学等中的)角色扮演，角色演练 □ role-play  v. intr. & tr.  

role reversal n.  the assumption of a role which is the reverse of that normally performed 角色倒转(表演与正常情况下相反的角色)

roll /rəʊl/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  move or go in some direction by turning over and over on an axis 滚动  the ball rolled under the table  球在桌下滚动 a barrel started rolling  桶开始滚动b tr.  cause to do this 使滚动  rolled the barrel into the cellar  把桶滚到地窖里 2 tr.  make revolve between two surfaces 使(在两平面间)滚动，滚搓  rolled the clay between his palms  用两个手掌滚搓黏土 3  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 along, by, etc.)  move or advance on or (of time etc.) as if on wheels etc. 行进，行驶；(时间)流逝  the bus rolled past  公共汽车驶过 the pram rolled off the pavement  婴儿车离开了人行道 the years rolled by  岁月流逝b tr.  cause to do this 使行进，使进展  rolled the tea trolley into the kitchen  将茶点车推进厨房c intr. (of a person) be conveyed in a vehicle (人)被车载运，乘车  the farmer rolled by on his tractor  那个农民乘着他的拖拉机驶过 4  a tr.  turn over and over on itself to form a more or less cylindrical or spherical shape 将…卷起；将…滚搓成球  rolled a newspaper  卷起报纸b tr.  make by forming material into a cylinder or ball 通过卷或滚而做成…；卷成…，滚成…  rolled a cigarette  卷一枝香烟 rolled a huge snowball  滚成一个大雪球c tr.  accumulate into a mass 将…滚(积)成堆  rolled the dough into a ball  把生面团揉成球d intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  make a specified shape of itself (将自己)弄(或滚)成特定形状  the hedgehog rolled into a ball  刺猬卷成了球 5 tr.  flatten or form by passing a roller etc. over or by passing between rollers 压滚；碾平，擀平；(在两辊间)辊压平  roll the lawn  压平草地 roll pastry  擀面皮 roll thin foil  轧制箔片 6 intr. & tr.  change or cause to change direction by rotatory movement (使)转动  his eyes rolled  他的眼睛骨碌碌地转 he rolled his eyes  他转了转眼睛 7 intr.  a  wallow, turn about in a fluid or a loose medium (在流体等中)翻滚，打滚  the dog rolled in the dust  狗在土里打滚b (of a horse etc.) lie on its back and kick about, esp. so as to dislodge its rider (马等)仰躺着踢腿反抗(不让骑)，打滚乱踢 8 intr.  a (of a moving ship, aircraft, or vehicle) sway to and fro on an axis parallel to the direction of motion (行驶的船只、飞机或车辆等)左右晃动b  walk with an unsteady swaying gait 摇摆着走路，踉跄  they rolled out of the pub  他们摇摇晃晃地走出了酒馆 9  a intr.  undulate, show or go with an undulating surface or motion 波动，起伏  rolling hills  起伏的群山 rolling mist  浮动的薄雾 the waves roll in  波浪滚滚而来b tr.  carry or propel with such motion 使起伏地行进(或推进)  the river rolls its waters to the sea  江水滚滚流入大海 10  a intr. (of machinery) start functioning or moving (机器)开始转动，开始运行  the cameras rolled  照相机开始卷片 the train began to roll  火车开动b tr.  cause (machinery) to do this 使(机器)开始转动或运行 11  a tr.  display (credits for a film or television programme) moving as if on a roller up the screen 向上滚动放映(电影或电视节目的演员表、摄制人员名单等字幕)b intr. (of credits) be displayed in this way (电影或电视节目的演员表、摄制人员名单等字幕)向上滚动放映 12 intr. & tr.  sound or utter with a vibratory or trilling effect 发出震颤的声音；用颤音说(或发)出  words rolled off his tongue  话语从他口中宛转道出 thunder rolled in the distance  雷声在远处隆隆作响 he rolls his rs  他发 r 的舌尖颤音 13 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  a tr.  overturn (a car etc.) 使(小汽车等)翻倒，掀翻b intr. (of a car etc.) overturn (小汽车等)翻倒 14 tr. US  throw (dice) [美]掷(骰子) 15 tr. slang  rob (esp. a helpless victim) [俚语]抢劫(尤指无助的受害者) ●n.  1  a rolling motion or gait; undulation 起伏，波动  the roll of the hills  山丘的起伏 2  a  a spell of rolling 滚动；打滚；翻滚  a roll in the mud  在泥中的一阵翻滚b  a gymnastic exercise in which the body is rolled into a tucked position and turned in a forward or backward circle (体操的)前(或后)滚翻c (esp. 尤用于 a roll in the hay) colloq.  an act of sexual intercourse or erotic fondling [口]性交；性爱抚 3  the continuous rhythmic sound of thunder or a drum (雷或鼓的)隆隆声 4 Aeron.  a complete revolution of an aircraft about its longitudinal axis 【空】(飞机的)横滚 5  a  a cylinder formed by turning flexible material over and over on itself without folding (卷成的)圆筒，卷  a roll of carpet  一卷地毯 a roll of wallpaper  一卷墙纸b  a filled cake or pastry of similar form (带馅的)蛋糕卷，馅卷  fig roll  无花果蛋糕卷 sausage roll  香肠面包卷 6  a  a small portion of bread individually baked 小圆(或长)面包b  this with a specified filling (有馅的)小面包  ham roll  火腿小面包 7  a more or less cylindrical or semicylindrical straight or curved mass of something (半)圆筒形的直(或弯)条  rolls of fat  几层肥肉 a roll of hair  一卷头发 8  a  an official list or register 名单，花名册，登记表，目录  the electoral roll  选举登记表b  the total numbers on this 登记表上的总数  the schools' rolls have fallen  学校学生人数下降了c  a document, esp. an official record, in scroll form 文件，案卷(尤指卷轴状的正式记录) 9  a cylinder or roller, esp. to shape metal in a rolling mill 卷筒，辊(尤指轧钢机上的轧辊) 10 Archit. 【建】  a  a moulding of convex section 凸起的装饰线条b  a spiral scroll of an Ionic capital (柱头的)漩涡形装饰 11 US & Austral.  money, esp. as banknotes rolled together [美澳]钱(尤指一卷钞票) □ be rolling  colloq.  be very rich [口]非常富有□ be rolling in  colloq.  have plenty of (esp. money) [口]有大量的(尤指钱)□ on a roll  N. Amer. slang  experiencing a bout of success or progress; engaged in a period of intense activity [北美] [俚语]连连获胜中，节节进展中；(一段时间)忙碌不停中□ roll back  N. Amer.  cause (esp. prices) to decrease [北美]使(尤指价格)降低□ rolled into one   combined in one person or thing 合为一体，一身兼有(多种)职能(或性质)□ roll in   arrive in great numbers or quantity 大量涌来，滚滚而来□ rolling drunk   swaying or staggering from drunkenness 醉得摇摇晃晃□ roll of honour   a list of those honoured, esp. the dead in war 阵亡将士名册；荣誉册□ roll on   1  put on or apply by rolling (裹着)穿上，套上 2 (in imper. 用于祈使句) colloq. (of a time, in eager expectation) come quickly [口] (但愿某一时间)快些到来  roll on Friday!  但愿星期五快些到来□ roll over   1  send (a person) sprawling or rolling 使(某人)摊开四肢躺下；使(某人)翻滚 2 Econ.  finance the repayment of (maturing stock etc.) by an issue of new stock 【经】通过发行新债券来支付(到期债券等)□ roll up   1 colloq.  arrive in a vehicle; appear on the scene [口]乘车到达；来到现场 2  make into or form a roll 使成筒形，卷起 3 Mil.  drive the flank of (an enemy line) back and round so that the line is shortened or surrounded 【军】翼侧卷击(敌方阵线)□ roll up one's sleeves   see 见 SLEEVE □ strike off the rolls   debar (esp. a solicitor) from practising after dishonesty etc. (尤指律师在有了欺骗行为后)禁止(律师)开业□ rollable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French rol(l)er, rouler, ro(u)lle from Latin rotulus, diminutive of rota ‘wheel’]

rollaway /ˈrəʊləwei/ adj. US (of a bed etc.) that can be removed on wheels or castors [美] (床等因装有脚轮而)可以滚移的，可以推走的

roll-back n.  a reduction (esp. in price) (尤指价格的)降低，回落

roll bar n.  an overhead metal bar strengthening the frame of a vehicle (esp. in racing) and protecting the occupants if the vehicle overturns (尤指赛车驾驶座位上方的)翻车保护杆

roll-call n.  a process of calling out a list of names to establish who is present 点名

rolled gold n.  gold in the form of a thin coating applied to a baser metal by rolling 轧制金箔

rolled oats n. pl.  oats that have been husked and crushed 已去壳并经轧辊碾平的燕麦片

roller /ˈrəʊlə/ n.  1  a  a hard revolving cylinder for smoothing the ground, spreading ink or paint, crushing or stamping, rolling cloth around, hanging a towel on, etc., used alone or as a rotating part of a machine 滚动物或滚动装置(如路碾、墨辊、涂料辊、碾子、布卷、滚轴等)b  a cylinder for diminishing friction when moving a heavy object (移动重物时减小摩擦的)滚轴，滚筒，滚柱，滚轮 2  a small cylinder on which hair is rolled for setting 卷发筒 3  a long swelling wave 长涌，卷浪 4 (also 亦作 roller bandage)  a long surgical bandage rolled up for convenient application 绷带卷 5  a kind of tumbler pigeon 鹞鸽(飞行时打滚) 6  a  a brilliantly plumaged bird of the family Coraciidae, with characteristic tumbling display-flight 佛法僧(一种羽毛华丽、飞行时打滚的鸟)b  a breed of canary with a trilling song 啁啾而鸣金丝雀

rollerball /ˈrəʊləbɔ:l/ n.  a ballpoint pen using thinner ink than other ballpoints (一种使用稀释墨汁的)圆珠笔

roller bearing n.  a bearing like a ball-bearing but with small cylinders instead of balls 滚柱轴承

Rollerblade /ˈrəʊləbleid/ n. & v. ●n. propr.  each of a pair of boots fitted with small wheels, one behind the other, underneath, for roller skating in the manner of ice-skating [商标]旱冰鞋 ●v. intr. (作 rollerblade)  skate using such boots 溜旱冰 □ rollerblader  n.  

roller blind n.  a blind over a window etc., fitted on a roller 卷帘

roller coaster n., adj. & v. ●n.  a switchback at a fair etc. (游乐场的)过山车 ●attrib. adj. (作 roller-coaster)  that goes up and down, or changes, suddenly and repeatedly 起伏不定的，急转突变的，忽好忽坏的 ●v. intr. (作 roller-coaster) (also 亦作 roller-coast)  go up and down or change in this way 起伏不定，经常急转突变

roller skate n. & v. ●n.  each of a pair of metal frames with small wheels, fitted to shoes for gliding across a hard surface 旱冰鞋，四轮溜冰鞋 ●v. intr.  move on roller skates 滑旱冰，穿四轮溜冰鞋溜冰 □ roller skater  n.  

roller towel n.  a towel with the ends joined, hung on a roller (套在滚筒上的)环状擦手巾

rollick /ˈrɒlik/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (esp. as 尤作 rollicking adj.)  be jovial or exuberant, indulge in high spirits, revel 快活的，欢闹的，兴高采烈的，狂欢的 ●n.  1  exuberant gaiety 欢闹，兴高采烈 2  a spree or escapade 狂欢，胡闹 [19th-c., probably dialect: perhaps from ROMP + FROLIC]

rolling barrage n.  = CREEPING BARRAGE 

rolling mill n.  a machine or factory for rolling metal into shape (轧制金属的)滚轧机，轧钢机；滚轧厂，轧钢厂

rolling pin n.  a cylinder for rolling out pastry, dough, etc. 擀面杖

rolling stock n.  1  the locomotives, carriages, or other vehicles, used on a railway (包括机车、车厢等的)全部铁路车辆 2 US  the road vehicles of a company [美] (汽车运输公司的)全部车辆

rolling stone n.  a person who is unwilling to settle for long in one place 不愿久居一处的人，生活多变迁的人

rolling strike n.  industrial action through a series of limited strikes by consecutive groups (规模有限，由不同组轮流进行的)持续罢工

rollmop /ˈrəʊlmɒp/ n.  a rolled uncooked pickled herring fillet (腌制的)生鲱鱼卷 [German Rollmops]

roll-neck n. & adj. ●n.  1  a high loosely turned-over neck (衣服的)翻领 2  a sweater etc. having this 翻领毛衣 ●attrib. adj.  having a roll-neck 有翻领的

roll-on adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of deodorant etc.) applied by means of a rotating ball in the neck of the container (除臭剂等)用滚子塞瓶搽的 ●n. Brit.  a light elastic corset [英]滚展式弹力紧身胸衣

roll-on roll-off adj. Brit. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a ship, a method of transport, etc.) in which vehicles are driven directly on at the start of the voyage and off at the end of it [英] (船只、交通方式等)滚装滚卸的，驶进驶出的，轮渡式的

roll-out n.  1  a  the official wheeling out of a new aircraft or spacecraft (新飞机或航天器的)正式推出b  the official launch of a new product 新产品的正式投放 2  the part of a landing during which an aircraft travels along the runway losing speed (飞机着陆时的)滑跑

roll-over n.  1 Econ.  the extension or transfer of a debt or other financial relationship 【经】(债务或其他财务关系)延期，转移 2 colloq.  the overturning of a vehicle etc. [口] (车辆等的)翻车

roll-top desk n.  a desk with a flexible cover sliding in curved grooves 卷盖式书桌

roll-up n. (also 亦作 roll-your-own) Brit.  a hand-rolled cigarette [英]手卷的纸烟

roly-poly /rəʊliˈpəʊli/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (also 亦作 roly-poly pudding) Brit.  a pudding made of a sheet of suet pastry covered with jam etc., formed into a roll, and steamed or baked [英] (用涂有果酱等的油酥面皮卷，经蒸或烤做成的)卷布丁 2 US  a tumbler toy [美]不倒翁 3 Austral.  a bushy plant, esp. Salsola kali, that breaks off and is rolled by the wind [澳]雾冰草 ●adj. (usu. of a child) podgy, plump (通常指小孩)矮胖的，圆胖的 [probably formed on ROLL]

ROM /rɒm/ n. Computing  read-only memory 【计算】只读存储器 [abbreviation]

Rom /rɒm/ n. (pl. Roma /ˈrɒmə/)  a male gypsy 吉卜赛男子；吉卜赛男孩 [Romany, = man, husband]

Rom. abbr.  Romans (New Testament) [缩略] 《罗马书》(《圣经·新约》)

rom. abbr.  roman (type) [缩略]罗马(字)体

Romaic /rə(ʊ)ˈmeiik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the vernacular language of modern Greece 现代希腊语 ●adj.  of or relating to this language (有关)现代希腊语的 [Greek Rhōmaikos ‘Roman’ (used esp. of the Eastern Empire)]

romaine /rə(ʊ)ˈmein/ n. N. Amer.  a cos lettuce [北美]长叶莴苣 [French, fem. of romain (as ROMAN)]

romaji /ˈrəʊmədʒi/ n.  a system of romanized spelling used to transliterate Japanese 罗马字(指用以拼写日语的罗马字母) [Japanese]

Roman /ˈrəʊmən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  of ancient Rome or its territory or people 古罗马的；古罗马人的b archaic  of its language [古义]古罗马语的 2  of medieval or modern Rome 中世纪罗马的；现代罗马的 3  of papal Rome, esp. = ROMAN CATHOLIC 罗马教廷的(尤指天主教的) 4  of a kind ascribed to the early Romans 具有早期罗马人风格的  Roman honesty  古罗马人的诚实 Roman virtue  古罗马人的美德 5  surviving from a period of ancient Roman rule 古罗马统治时期遗留的  Roman road  古罗马道路的遗迹 6 (作 roman) (of type) of a plain upright kind used in ordinary print (字体)罗马体的，正体的 7 (of the alphabet etc.) based on the ancient Roman system with letters A － Z (字母表等)拉丁字母的 ●n.  1  a  a citizen of the ancient Roman Republic or Empire 古罗马共和国(或帝国)人b  a soldier of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国士兵 2  a citizen of modern Rome 现代罗马人 3  = ROMAN CATHOLIC  4 (作 roman)  roman type 罗马字体，正体 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the Christians of ancient Rome 古罗马的基督徒 [Middle English via Old French Romain (n. & adj.) from Latin Romanus, from Roma ‘Rome’]

Roman candle n.  a firework discharging a series of flaming coloured balls and sparks (能喷放彩色火球及火花的)罗马焰火筒

Roman Catholic adj. & n. ●adj.  of the part of the Christian Church acknowledging the Pope as its head 天主教的，罗马公教的(承认罗马教皇的传统权威) ●n.  a member of this Church 天主教徒 □ Roman Catholicism  n.   [17th-c. translation of Latin (Ecclesia) Romana Catholica (et Apostolica) ‘Catholic (and Apostolic) (Church) of Rome’, apparently originally as a conciliatory term in place of the earlier Roman, Romanist, or Romish, which had aquired derogatory overtones: see ROMAN, CATHOLIC]

romance /rə(ʊ)ˈmæns, ˈrəʊmæns/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  an atmosphere or tendency characterized by a sense of remoteness from or idealization of everyday life (以远离或美化生活为特征的)浪漫性，浪漫精神，浪漫倾向 2  a  a prevailing sense of wonder or mystery surrounding the mutual attraction in a love affair (伴随爱情故事的)传奇性b  sentimental or idealized love 浪漫的爱情；理想的爱情c  a love affair 爱情；风流韵事 3  a  a literary genre with romantic love or highly imaginative unrealistic episodes forming the central theme (以浪漫爱情或超越现实的想像情节为中心的)浪漫文学；传奇文学b  a work of this genre 浪漫文学作品；浪漫故事 4  a medieval tale, usu. in verse, of some hero of chivalry, of the kind common in the Romance languages 中世纪传奇故事，骑士传奇(罗曼文中常能见到，通常用韵文写成) 5  a  exaggeration or picturesque falsehood 夸张；虚构b  an instance of this 夸张的描述；虚构的故事 6 (作 Romance)  the languages descended from Latin regarded collectively 罗曼语(衍生自拉丁语的各语言总称) 7 Mus.  a short informal piece 【音】浪漫曲 ●adj. (作 Romance)  of any of the languages descended from Latin (French, Italian, Spanish, etc.) (任何一种)罗曼语(如法语、意大利语、西班牙语等)的 ●v.  1 intr.  exaggerate or distort the truth, esp. fantastically (尤指天马行空地)夸大事实，歪曲真相 2 tr.  a  court, woo 追求，向…求爱b  seek the attention or custom of, esp. by flattery (尤指通过恭维)吸引…注意(或光顾)，讨好 [Middle English from Old French romanz, -ans, -ance, ultimately from Latin Romanicus ROMANIC]

romancer /rəʊˈmænsə/ n.  1  a writer of romances, esp. in the medieval period (尤指中世纪的)传奇作家 2  a liar who resorts to fantasy 凭空想来歪曲(或捏造)事实的人

Roman Empire n. hist.  that established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided by Theodosius in AD 395 into the Western or Latin and Eastern or Greek Empire [史义]罗马帝国(由奥古斯都建于公元前 27 年，被狄奥多西于公元 395 年分成希腊、拉丁两部分，即东西两个罗马帝国)

Romanesque /rəʊməˈnesk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a style of architecture prevalent in Europe c. 900 － 1200, with massive vaulting and round arches (cf. 参见 NORMAN adj. 2) 罗马式建筑风格(盛行于 10 至 12 世纪的欧洲，有巨大的拱形圆顶及圆形拱门) ●adj.  of or relating to the Romanesque style of architecture 罗马式建筑风格的 [French from roman ROMANCE]

roman-fleuve /rəʊmɑ:nˈflɜ:v, 法 rɔmɑ˜flœv/ n. (pl. romans-fleuves pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a novel featuring the leisurely description of the lives of members of a family etc. (描写一个家族连续几代人的)长河小说 2  a sequence of self-contained novels (各部独立的)系列小说 [French, = river novel]

Roman holiday n.  enjoyment derived from others' discomfiture 得自他人受苦的享乐

Romania   罗马尼亚

Romanian /rə(ʊ)ˈmeiniən, rʊ-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Rumanian, Roumanian /rʊ:-/) ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Romania in E. Europe 罗马尼亚国民，罗马尼亚人b  a person of Romanian descent 罗马尼亚人的后代 2  the language of Romania 罗马尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Romania or its people or language 罗马尼亚的；罗马尼亚人的；罗马尼亚语的

Romanic /rə(ʊ)ˈmænik/ n. & adj. ●n.  = ROMANCEn. 6  ●adj.  1  a  of or relating to Romance 罗曼语的b  Romance-speaking 讲罗曼语的 2  descended from the ancient Romans or inheriting aspects of their social or political life 源自古罗马人的；继承古罗马社会政治生活特点的 [Latin Romanicus (as ROMAN)]

Romanism /ˈrəʊməniz(ə)m/ n.  Roman Catholicism 天主教(教义)

Romanist /ˈrəʊmənist/ n.  1  a student of Roman history or law or of the Romance languages (研究古罗马历史、法律或语言的)古罗马文化研究者 2  a  a supporter of Roman Catholicism 天主教支持者b  a Roman Catholic 天主教徒 3  any of several 16th-c. Dutch and Flemish painters influenced by Italian Renaissance art (受意大利文艺复兴艺术影响的)16 世纪荷兰及弗兰芒画家 [modern Latin Romanista (as ROMAN)]

romanize /ˈrəʊmənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make Roman or Roman Catholic in character 使罗马化；使皈依天主教 2  put into the Roman alphabet or into roman type 用拉丁字母拼写；用罗马字体印刷 □ romanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Roman law n.  the law-code developed by the ancient Romans and forming the basis of many modern codes (由古罗马人创立，构成许多现代法律基础的)罗马法

Roman nose n.  one with a high bridge; an aquiline nose 高鼻梁鹰钩鼻

Roman numeral n.  any of the Roman letters representing numbers: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000 罗马数字

Romano /rə(ʊ)ˈmɑ:nəʊ/ n.  a strong-tasting hard cheese, originally made in Italy (起源于意大利，味道浓重的)罗马诺硬干酪 [Italian, = ROMAN]

Romano- /rə(ʊ)ˈmɑ:nəʊ/ comb. form  Roman; Roman and (Romano-British 罗马和英国的) [构词成分]罗马的；罗马和…的

Romansh /rə(ʊ)ˈmænʃ, -ˈmɑ:nʃ/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Rumansh /rʊ-/) ●n.  the Rhaeto-Romanic dialects, esp. as spoken in the Swiss canton of Grisons 罗曼什语(尤指瑞士格里松州所说的雷蒂亚拉丁系方言) ●adj.  of these dialects 罗曼什语的 [Romansh Ruman(t)sch, Roman(t)sch from medieval Latin romanice (adv.) (as ROMANCE)]

romantic /rə(ʊ)ˈmæntik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, characterized by, or suggestive of an idealized, sentimental, or fantastic view of reality; remote from experience 浪漫的，理想化的；多愁善感的；传奇般的；奇异的  a romantic picture  浪漫的图画 a romantic setting  浪漫的场景 2  inclined towards or suggestive of romance in love 想往浪漫爱情的；多情的；带有浪漫爱情色彩的  a romantic woman  浪漫多情的女人 a romantic evening  浪漫的夜晚 romantic words  多情的话语 3 (of a person) imaginative, visionary, idealistic (人)爱幻想的，爱空想的，理想主义的 4  a (of style in art, music, etc.) concerned more with feeling and emotion than with form and aesthetic qualities; preferring grandeur or picturesqueness to finish and proportion (艺术、音乐等风格)浪漫主义的，浪漫派的(这种风格对感觉和情感的注重胜于形式和艺术品质，对壮丽或绚丽的追求甚于完整与适当)b (also 亦作 Romantic)  of or relating to the 18th － 19th-c. romantic movement or style in the European arts (18 至 19 世纪欧洲)浪漫主义运动(或风格)的 5 (of a project etc.) unpractical, fantastic (计划等)不切实际的，异想天开的 ●n.  1  a romantic person 浪漫的人；爱幻想的人 2  a romanticist 浪漫主义者；浪漫主义作家 □ romantically  adv.   [romant ‘tale of chivalry’ from Old French, from romanz ROMANCE]

romanticism /rə(ʊ)ˈmæntisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Romanticism)  adherence to a romantic style in art, music, etc. (艺术、音乐等的)浪漫主义；浪漫主义精神(或风格)

romanticist /rə(ʊ)ˈmæntisist/ n. (also 亦作 Romanticist)  a writer or artist of the romantic school 浪漫主义作家(或艺术家)

romanticize /rə(ʊ)ˈmæntisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make or render romantic or unreal 使浪漫化，使理想化  a romanticized account of war  对于战争的理想化报道b  describe or portray in a romantic fashion 以浪漫手法描述(或描画) 2 intr.  indulge in romantic thoughts or actions 沉溺于浪漫的想法(或行动)中 □ romanticization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Romany /ˈrɒməni, ˈrəʊ-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a gypsy 吉卜赛人 2  the Indo-European language of the gypsies 吉卜赛语(属印欧语系) ●adj.  of or relating to gypsies or their language 吉卜赛人的；吉卜赛语的 [Romany Romani, fem. and pl. of Romano (adj.), from ROM]

roman-ɑˋ-clef /rəʊˌmɑ:nɑ:ˈklei, 法 rɔmɑ˜akle/ n. (pl. romans-ɑˋ-clef pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a novel in which real persons or events appear with invented names (隐匿真名的)真人真事小说 [French, = novel with a key]

Rome /rəum/ n.  罗马 [意大利首都]

Romeo /ˈrəʊmiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a passionate male lover or seducer 热恋(或痴情)的男子；热情的诱惑者(指男性) [the hero of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet]

romer /ˈrəʊmə/ n.  a small piece of card, plastic, etc., marked with graduations for measuring grid references on a map (标有刻度，测量地图上参考坐标的)测量卡 [named after C. Romer, its British inventor d. 1951]

Romish /ˈrəʊmiʃ/ adj. usu. derog.  Roman Catholic [通常贬]天主教的

romneya /ˈrɒmniə/ n.  any shrubby poppy of the genus Romneya, bearing showy white flowers (开艳丽白花的)罂粟科植物 [named after T. Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer d. 1882]

romp /rɒmp/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  play about roughly and energetically (四处)顽皮嬉闹 2 (foll. by 后跟 along, past, etc.) colloq.  proceed without effort [口]毫不费力地进行 ●n.  1  a spell of romping or boisterous play (一阵)顽皮嬉闹；(一阵)喧闹 2 Sport  an easy victory 【运动】轻易取得的胜利 □ romp in (or home)  colloq.  finish as the easy winner [口]轻易取胜□ rompy  adj. (rompier, rompiest)   [perhaps variant of RAMP1]

romper /ˈrɒmpə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (also 亦作 romper suit)  a young child's one-piece garment covering legs and trunk (儿童穿的)连裤外衣，连衫裤

Ron /rɒn/   罗恩 [人名]

Ronald /ˈrɒnəld/   罗纳德 [人名]

rondavel /rɒnˈdɑ:v(ə)l/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  a round tribal hut usu. with a thatched conical roof (具部落特色，通常有着圆锥形茅草顶的)圆形茅屋 2  a similar building, esp. as a holiday cottage, or as an outbuilding on a farm etc. (尤指作为度假屋或农场谷仓的)类似圆形茅屋的建筑 [Afrikaans rondawel]

ronde /rɒnd/ n.  1  a dance in which the dancers move in a circle (舞蹈者绕圈跳的)轮舞 2  a course of talk, activity, etc. (谈话、活动等的)一轮 [French, fem. of rond ROUND adj.]

rondeau /ˈrɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. rondeaux pronunc. same 单复发音同 or /-əʊz/)  a poem of ten or thirteen lines with only two rhymes throughout and with the opening words used twice as a refrain 回旋诗(一种 10 到 13 行的两韵诗，开头短语在诗中作叠句重复两次) [French, earlier rondel: see RONDEL]

rondel /ˈrɒnd(ə)l/ n.  a rondeau, esp. one of special form (尤指特定形式的)回旋诗 [Middle English from Old French, from rond ROUND: cf. ROUNDEL]

rondo /ˈrɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  a form with a recurring leading theme, often found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto etc. 【音】回旋曲(常见于奏鸣曲或协奏曲最后乐章) [Italian from French rondeau: see RONDEAU]

rone /rəʊn/ n. Sc.  a gutter for carrying off rain from a roof [苏格兰] (用以排放屋顶雨水的)檐沟，天沟 [16th cent.: origin unknown]

ronin /ˈrəʊnin/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or ronins)  1 hist. (in feudal Japan) a lordless wandering samurai; an outlaw [史义] (封建日本的)流浪武士，浪人；罪犯 2  a Japanese student retaking a university examination (在日本落选后再次参加高考的)再考中学生 [Japanese]

Ronnie /ˈrɒni/   龙尼 [人名]

roo /ru:/ n. (also 亦作 'roo) Austral. colloq.  a kangaroo [澳口]袋鼠 [abbreviation]

rood /ru:d/ n.  1  a crucifix, esp. one raised on a screen or beam at the entrance to the chancel (尤指圣坛入口处竖立于屏风或梁柱上的)基督受难像 2  a quarter of an acre 路得(面积单位，等于 1/4 英亩) [Old English rōd]

rood-loft n.  a gallery on top of a rood-screen (圣坛屏风上方设苦像等的)十字架坛，十字架神龛

rood-screen n.  a wooden or stone carved screen separating nave and chancel (分隔教堂中堂与圣坛的，木或石雕成的)圣坛屏风

roof /ru:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. roofs or disp. [异议] rooves /ru:vz/)  1  a  the upper covering of a building, usu. supported by its walls (通常由墙壁支撑的)房顶，屋顶b  the top of a covered vehicle 车顶c  the top inner surface of an oven, refrigerator, etc. (烤箱、冰箱等的)内部顶壁 2  the overhead rock in a cave or mine etc. (洞穴、矿井等的)顶，洞顶岩石 3 poet.  the branches or the sky etc. overhead [诗]头顶荫蔽的枝叶；苍穹 4 (of prices etc.) the upper limit or ceiling (价格等的)最高限度 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, over)  cover with or as with a roof 给…盖上屋顶；覆盖 2  be the roof of 充当…的顶 □ go through the roof  colloq. (of prices etc.) reach extreme or unexpected heights [口] (价格等)达到(或超过)最高限度，涨到出乎意料的程度□ hit (or go through or raise) the roof  colloq.  become very angry [口]暴跳如雷，勃然大怒□ a roof over one's head   somewhere to live 住所□ under one roof   in the same building 同住一处□ under a person's roof   in a person's house (esp. with reference to hospitality) 在某人家里(尤指作客)□ roofed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ roofless  adj.   [Old English hrōf]

roofage /ˈru:fidʒ/ n.  the expanse of a roof or roofs 屋顶的面，屋面

roofer /ˈru:fə/ n.  a person who constructs or repairs roofs 盖(或修)屋顶的人，屋面工

roof garden n.  a garden on the flat roof of a building 屋顶花园，楼顶花园

roofing /ˈru:fiŋ/ n.  1  material for constructing a roof 建屋顶的材料，屋面材料 2  the process of constructing a roof or roofs 盖屋顶

roof light n.  1  a window panel built into a roof 天窗 2  a  a flashing warning light on the top of a police car etc. (警车等顶部闪动报警的)警灯b  an interior light on the ceiling of a motor vehicle 汽车内部的顶灯

roof of the mouth n.  the palate 上腭

roof-rack n.  a framework for carrying luggage etc. on the roof of a vehicle 车顶(行李)架

roofscape /ˈru:fskeip/ n.  a scene or view of roofs 屋顶景色(或风景)

rooftop /ˈru:ftɒp/ n.  1  the outer surface of a roof (外部)屋顶 often 常作 attrib.: rooftop terrace  屋顶阳台 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  the level of a roof 屋顶平面 □ shout it from the rooftops   make a thing embarrassingly public 令人尴尬地将某事公之于众

roof-tree n.  the ridge piece of a roof 栋梁，屋脊梁

rooibos /ˈrɔibɒs/ n. S. Afr. [南非]  1  an evergreen shrub of the genus Aspalathus, with leaves used to make tea 一种叶子可作茶叶的常青灌木 2  a shrub or small tree, Combretum apiculatum, with spikes of scented yellow flowers 一种风车子属灌木(或小树)，长有芳香的黄色花穗 [Afrikaans, = red bush]

rooinek /ˈrɔinek/ n. S. Afr. slang offens.  a British or English-speaking South African [南非] [俚语] [冒犯]红脖子(南非的英国人或说英语的南非人) [Afrikaans, = red-neck]

rook1 /rʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a black European and Asiatic bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family, nesting in colonies in treetops 秃鼻鸦(产于欧亚，黑色，群栖树顶) 2 slang  a sharper, esp. at dice or cards; a person who lives off inexperienced gamblers etc. [俚语] (尤指玩骰子或纸牌赌博中的)骗子；(靠赢没有经验的赌徒为生的)赌棍 ●v. tr. slang [俚语]  1  charge (a customer) extortionately 敲诈(顾客) 2  win money from (a person) at cards etc., esp. by swindling (尤指通过欺骗在纸牌等赌博中)赢(某人)的钱 [Old English hrōc]

rook2 /rʊk/ n.  a chess piece with its top in the shape of a battlement (国际象棋棋子)车 [Middle English from Old French roc(k), ultimately from Arabic rukk, original sense uncertain]

rookery /ˈrʊk(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a colony of rooks 秃鼻鸦结巢处b  a clump of trees having rooks' nests 有秃鼻鸦巢的树丛 2  a colony of seabirds (esp. penguins) or seals 海鸟(尤指企鹅)或海豹的群栖处

rookie /ˈrʊki/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a new recruit, esp. in the army or police (尤指军队或警察中的)新兵；新手 2 N. Amer.  a member of a sports team in his or her first full season [北美] (职业球队中第一年参加联赛的)新队员 [corruption of recruit, influenced by ROOK1]

room /ru:m, rʊm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  space that is or might be occupied by something; capaciousness or ability to accommodate contents 空间，地盘  it takes up too much room  它太占地方 there is plenty of room  有足够的空间 we have no room here for idlers  我们这里没有游手好闲者的容身之地b  space in or on (在…的)空余空间  houseroom  房屋中的房间 shelf room  书架的可用空间 2  a  a part of a building enclosed by walls or partitions, floor and ceiling 房间，室b (in pl. 用复数)  a set of these occupied by a person or family; apartments or lodgings (一套)房间，公寓，住处c  persons present in a room 在屋里的人  the room fell silent  屋里人陷入沉默 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a room or area for a specified purpose (特殊用途的)室，间，区域  auction room  拍卖地点 4 (foll. by 后跟 for, or to + infin.)  opportunity or scope 机会；余地；范围  room to improve things  改善的余地 no room for dispute  没有争辩的机会 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) esp. N. Amer.  have a room or rooms; lodge, board [尤北美]占一间(或一套)房间；居住，住宿 □ make room  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  clear a space (for a person or thing) by removal of others; make way, yield place 腾地方□ not (or no) room to swing a cat   a very confined space 没有活动的余地，地方狭窄□ -roomed  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)  □ roomful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English rūm, from Germanic]

roomer /ˈru:mə, ˈrʊmə/ n. N. Amer.  a lodger occupying a room or rooms without board [北美] (不被提供膳食的)房客，寄宿者

roomette /ru:ˈmet, rʊ-/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a private single compartment in a sleeping car 卧铺车私人包间 2  a small bedroom for letting 出租的小卧室

roomie /ˈru:mi, ˈrʊmi/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a room-mate [北美口]同屋者，室友

rooming house n.  a lodging house (只供住宿不供膳食的)寄宿舍

room-mate n. (US usu. [美通常作] roommate)  a person occupying the same room as another 同屋者，室友

room service n. (in a hotel etc.) service of food or drink taken to a guest's room (旅馆等将食物、饮料送到客房的)客房服务

roomy /ˈru:mi, ˈrʊmi/ adj. (roomier, roomiest)  having much room, spacious 宽敞的，宽大的 □ roomily  adv.  □ roominess  n.  

roost1 /ru:st/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a branch or other support on which a bird perches, esp. a place where birds regularly settle to sleep (尤指鸟的)栖木，栖息处 2  a place offering temporary sleeping accommodation (临时)住宿处，歇息处 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a bird) settle for rest or sleep (鸟)栖息，归巢b (of a person) stay for the night (人)过夜，投宿，歇息 2 tr.  provide with a sleeping place 给…设置栖息处；为…提供歇息处 □ come home to roost  (of a scheme etc.) recoil unfavourably upon the originator (计谋、阴谋等)反害了自己 [Old English hrōst]

roost2 /ru:st/ n.  a tidal race in the Orkneys and Shetlands (奥克尼群岛及设得兰群岛的)急潮流 [Old Norse röst]

rooster /ˈru:stə/ n. esp. N. Amer., Austral., etc.  a domestic cock [尤北美澳]公鸡，雄鸡

root1 /ru:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the part of a plant normally below the ground, attaching it to the earth and conveying nourishment to it from the soil (植物的)根b (in pl. 用复数)  such a part divided into branches or fibres 根须c  the corresponding organ of an epiphyte; the part attaching ivy to its support (附生植物的)根；(常春藤的)攀缘茎d  the permanent underground stock of a plant 根茎，地下茎e  any small plant with a root for transplanting 可移植的带根的植物苗 2  a  any plant, e.g. a turnip or carrot, with an edible root 根用作物(萝卜、胡萝卜等)b (also 亦作 root vegetable)  such a root 根菜 3 (in pl. 用复数)  social, ethnic, or cultural origins, esp. as the reasons for one's long-standing emotional attachment to a place, community, etc. (社会、种族或文化的)根(尤指作为某人对某地或某团体等长久依恋的原因) 4  a  the embedded part of a bodily organ or structure, e.g. hair, tooth, nail, etc. (头发、牙齿、指甲等的)根b  the part of a thing attaching it to a greater or more fundamental whole 底部，基部c (in pl. 用复数)  the base of a mountain etc. 山麓 5  a  the basic cause, source, or origin 根由，根源  love of money is the root of all evil  贪财是万恶之源 has its roots in the distant past  源远流长b (作 attrib.) (of an idea etc.) from which the rest originated (由一个念头等)引起的 6  the basis of something, its means of continuance or growth 根基，基础  has its root(s) in selfishness  一切因自私而起 has no root in the nature of things  脱离了事物的自然属性 7  the essential substance or nature of something 实质，核心，本质  get to the root of things  抓住事物的实质 8 Math. 【数】  a  a number or quantity that when multiplied by itself a usu. specified number of times gives a specified number or quantity 根  the cube root of eight is two  8 的立方根是 2b  a square root 平方根c  a value of an unknown quantity satisfying a given equation (方程式未知数的)解 9 Philol.  any ultimate unanalysable element of language; a basis, not necessarily surviving as a word in itself, on which words are made by the addition of prefixes or suffixes or by other modification 【语文】词根 10 Mus.  the fundamental note of a chord 【音】根音 11 Bibl.  a scion, an offshoot 【圣经】子孙  there shall be a root of Jesse  将会有耶西的后代 12 Austral. & NZ coarse slang [澳新] [粗俗俚语]  a  an act of sexual intercourse 性交b  a (usu. female) sexual partner 性交的对象(通常指女子) ●v.  1  a intr.  take root or grow roots 扎根，生根b tr.  cause to do this 使扎根，使生根  take care to root the cuttings firmly  小心地使插条把根扎稳 2 tr.  a  fix firmly; establish 使…固定住，使牢固树立，使…扎根  fear rooted him to the spot  他吓得一动不动b (as 作 rooted adj.)  firmly established 根深蒂固的，坚定的  her affection was deeply rooted  她的感情是坚贞不移的 rooted objection to  坚定地反对 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, up)  drag or dig up by the roots 连根拔起，连根挖出 4 tr. Austral. & NZ coarse slang [澳新] [粗俗俚语]  a  have sexual intercourse with 与…性交b  exhaust, frustrate 使筋疲力尽，使沮丧 □ pull up by the roots   1  uproot 连根拔起 2  eradicate, destroy 根除□ put down roots   1  begin to draw nourishment from the soil 开始生根 2  become settled or established 定居下来开始新的生活□ root and branch   thorough(ly), radical(ly) 彻底的(地)，根本的(地)□ root out   find and get rid of 发现并消除□ strike at the root (or roots) of   set about destroying 摧毁…的基础，根绝□ strike (or take) root   1  begin to grow and draw nourishment from the soil 开始生根 2  become fixed or established 扎根，被牢固树立；固定不动□ rootage  n.  □ rootedness  n.  □ rootless  adj.  □ rootlet  n.  □ rootlike  adj.  □ rooty  adj.   [Old English rōt from Old Norse rót, related to WORT & Latin radix: see RADIX]

root2 /ru:t/ v.  1  a intr. (of an animal, esp. a pig) turn up the ground with the snout, beak, etc., in search of food (觅食动物，尤指猪)用嘴(翻土)觅食；用喙觅食b tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  turn up (the ground) by rooting 发掘 2  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 around, in, etc.)  rummage 翻找，搜查b tr. (foll. by 后跟 out or up)  find or extract by rummaging 翻出，搜出 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for) orig. US slang  encourage by applause or support [源于美] [俚语]声援，鼓掌加油，支持 □ rooter  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [earlier wroot, from Old English wrōtan & Old Norse róta: related to Old English wrōt ‘snout’]

root beer n. N. Amer.  an effervescent soft drink made from an extract of roots [北美]根汁汽水

root canal n. Dentistry 【牙科学】  1  the pulp-filled cavity in the root of a tooth 牙根管 2 US  a procedure to replace infected pulp with an inert material [美]牙根管填充手术(指去除牙根管被感染的牙髄后用填料填充)

rootle /ˈru:t(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr. Brit. [英]  = ROOT2 1, 2  [ROOT2]

root-mean-square n. Math.  the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of values 【数】均方根

root sign n. Math. 【数】  = RADICAL SIGN 

rootstock /ˈru:tstɒk/ n.  1  a rhizome 根茎，根状茎 2  a plant into which a graft is inserted 被嫁接的植物 3  a primary form from which offshoots have arisen 原始形态；根源，起源

rootsy /ˈru:tsi/ adj. colloq. (of music) uncommercialized, full-blooded, esp. showing traditional origins [口] (音乐)没有商业化的，纯粹的(尤指反映传统根源的)

root vegetable  see 见 ROOT1 n. 2b 

rooves  see 见 ROOF 

rope /rəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  stout cord made by twisting together strands of hemp, sisal, flax, cotton, nylon, wire, or similar material (用各种麻、棉、尼龙、金属丝等编的)绳b  a piece of this 一根(段)绳c US  a lasso [美]套索 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a quantity of onions, ova, or pearls strung together (洋葱、卵细胞、珠子等的)一串，一条等 3 (in pl. 用复数 , prec. by 前接 the)  a  the conditions in some sphere of action 诀窍  know the ropes  知道诀窍 show a person the ropes  把窍门教给某人b  the ropes enclosing a boxing or wrestling ring or cricket ground (拳击台、摔跤台、板球场等的)围栏索，围绳 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  a halter for hanging a person 绞索b  execution by hanging 绞刑 ●v.  1 tr.  fasten, secure, or catch with rope 用绳拴(或系、捆等)；用绳套捕 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, in)  enclose (a space) with rope 用绳子围(某处) 3 Mountaineering 【登山】  a tr.  connect (a party) with a rope; attach (a person) to a rope 用绳子将(登山者)系在一起；用绳子系住(某人)b (absol. [含宾])  put on a rope 使系上绳子c intr. (foll. by 后跟 down, up)  climb down or up using a rope 藉绳子爬上(或爬下) □ give a person plenty of rope (or enough rope to hang himself or herself)   give a person enough freedom of action to bring about his or her own downfall 任由某人为所欲为而自取灭亡□ on the rope  Mountaineering  roped together 【登山】被用绳子系在一起□ on the ropes   1 Boxing  forced against the ropes by the opponent's attack 【拳击】被对手逼到拳击台的围绳上 2  near defeat 濒于失败□ rope in   persuade to take part 说服…参加□ rope into   persuade to take part in 说服…参加…  was roped into doing the washing-up  被说服去洗餐具□ rope of sand   delusive security 无凝聚力的结合；貌似结实有用而实质不牢靠的东西；徒劳无益的事 [Old English rɑˉp, from Germanic]

ropeable /ˈrəʊpəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 ropable)  1  capable of being roped 可以用绳子捆扎的 2 Austral. & NZ slang  angry [澳新] [俚语]愤怒的

rope ladder n.  two long ropes connected by short crosspieces, used as a ladder 绳梯

ropemanship /ˈrəʊpmənʃip/ n.  skill in rope-walking or climbing with ropes 走索(或爬绳)技术

rope-moulding n.  a moulding cut spirally in imitation of rope-strands 绞绳形装饰线条

rope's end n. hist.  a short piece of rope used to flog (formerly, esp. a sailor) with [史义] (旧时尤指抽打水手用的)短绳索

rope-walk n. hist.  a long piece of ground where ropes are made [史义]制绳长道，制绳工场

rope-walker n.  a performer on a tightrope 走索演员，走钢索者 □ rope-walking  n.  

ropeway /ˈrəʊpwei/ n.  a cable railway 索道，空中缆索；缆索铁路

rope-yard n.  a rope-making establishment 制绳工场

rope-yarn n.  1  material obtained by unpicking rope-strands, or used for making them 旧绳子解开的绳线；制绳索用的纱 2  a piece of this 一段绳线 3  a mere trifle 无足轻重的小事

roping /ˈrəʊpiŋ/ n.  a set or arrangement of ropes 绳索；一副绳具

ropy /ˈrəʊpi/ adj. (also 亦作 ropey) (ropier, ropiest)  1 Brit. colloq.  poor in quality [英口]质量差的 2 (of wine, bread, etc.) forming viscous or gelatinous threads (酒、面包等)形成丝状黏质的 3  like a rope 绳状的 □ ropily  adv.  □ ropiness  n.  

roque /rəʊk/ n. US  croquet played on a hard court surrounded by a bank [美]短柄槌球(硬场地上玩的一种游戏) [alteration of form of ROQUET]

Roquefort /ˈrɒkfɔ:/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a soft blue cheese made from ewes' milk 罗克福尔干酪(一种用羊乳做成的蓝色软干酪) 2  a salad dressing made of this (用罗克福尔干酪做的)罗克福尔色拉调味酱 [Roquefort, a village in S. France]

roquet /ˈrəʊkei, -ki/ v. & n. Croquet 【槌球】  ●v. (roqueted, roqueting)  1 tr.  a  cause one's ball to strike (another ball) 用自己的球碰撞(别的球)b (of a ball) strike (another) (球)碰撞(别的球) 2 intr.  strike another ball thus 撞别的球 ●n.  an instance of roqueting 碰球 [apparently arbitrary alteration of CROQUET v., originally used in the same sense]

roquette /rɒˈket/ n.  = ROCKET2 2  [French]

ro-ro /ˈrəʊrəʊ/ adj. Brit.  roll-on roll-off [英]滚装滚卸的 [abbreviation]

rorqual /ˈrɔ:kw(ə)l/ n.  any baleen whale of the family Balaenopteridae, with a pleated throat and small dorsal fin, esp. the fin whale 鳁鲸(喉部带褶皱，背鳍小，尤指长须鲸) [French from Norwegian røyrkval, from Old Norse reythr the specific name + hvalr WHALE1]

Rorschach test /ˈrɔ:ʃɑ:k/ n. Psychol.  a type of personality test in which a standard set of ink-blots is presented one by one to the subject, who is asked to describe what they suggest or resemble 【心】罗夏(墨迹)测试(一种性格测试，被测试者看到依次呈现的墨迹图案，然后要描述图案暗示或类似的东西) [named after H. Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist d. 1922]

rort /rɔ:t/ n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  a trick, a fraud; a dishonest practice 花招，伎俩；欺骗行为 2  a wild party 喧闹的聚会 [back-formation from RORTY]

rorty /ˈrɔ:ti/ adj. (rortier, rortiest) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  splendid; boisterous, rowdy 精彩的；喧闹的，吵闹的  had a rorty time  玩闹一场 2  coarse, earthy 粗俗的，粗鄙的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Rory /ˈrɔ:ri/   罗里 [人名]

rosace /ˈrəʊzeis/ n.  1  a rose window 圆花窗 2  a rose-shaped ornament or design 蔷薇花饰 [French from Latin rosaceus: see ROSACEOUS]

rosaceous /rəʊˈzeiʃəs/ adj. Bot.  of the large plant family Rosaceae, which includes the rose, apple, plum, blackberry, hawthorn, etc. 【植】(包括蔷薇、苹果、李子、黑莓、山楂等的)蔷薇科的 [Latin rosaceus from rosa ‘rose’]

Rosalie /ˈrɒzəli/   罗莎莉 [人名]

Rosalind /ˈrɒzəlind/   罗莎琳德 [人名]

rosaline /ˈrəʊzəli:n/ n.  a variety of fine needlepoint or pillow lace (各种)精细针绣花边或枕结花边 [probably French]

Rosalyn /ˈrɒzəlind/   罗莎琳 [人名]

rosaniline /rəʊˈzænili:n, -lin, -lain/ n.  1  a  an organic base derived from aniline 蔷薇苯胺b  a red dye obtained from this 蔷薇苯胺红色染料 2  fuchsine 品红 [ROSE1 + ANILINE]

rosarian /rəʊˈzɛəriən/ n.  a person who cultivates roses, esp. professionally (尤指职业的)玫瑰花栽培者 [Latin rosarium ‘rose garden, ROSARY’]

rosarium /rəʊˈzɛəriəm/ n.  a rose garden 玫瑰园 [Latin (as ROSARY)]

rosary /ˈrəʊz(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 RC Ch. 【天主教】  a  a form of devotion in which five (or fifteen) decades of Hail Marys are repeated, each decade preceded by an Our Father and followed by a Glory Be 玫瑰经(天主教的一种虔修方式，教徒数念珠重复祈祷 5 组或 15 组万福玛利亚的祈祷文，每篇以主祷文开始并以荣耀颂结束)b  a string of 55 (or 165) beads for keeping count in this (念玫瑰经时用的)念珠(每串 55 或 165 粒)c  a book containing this devotion 《玫瑰经》(玫瑰经经文书) 2  a similar form of bead-string used in other religions (其他宗教的类似)念珠 3  a rose garden or rose bed 玫瑰花园，玫瑰花坛 [Middle English from Latin rosarium ‘rose garden’, neut. of rosarius (as ROSE1)]

roscoe /ˈrɒskəʊ/ n. US slang  a gun, esp. a pistol or revolver [美] [俚语]枪(尤指手枪或左轮手枪) [the name Roscoe]

Rose /rəuz/   罗斯 [人名]

rose1 /rəʊz/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  any prickly bush or shrub of the genus Rosa (family Rosaceae), bearing usu. fragrant flowers generally of a red, pink, yellow, or white colour 蔷薇科灌木(通常开红、粉、黄或白色芳香花朵) 2  this flower 蔷薇花；玫瑰花 3  any flowering plant resembling this (类似蔷薇的)开花植物  Christmas rose  黑儿波 rock rose  半日花 4  a  a light crimson colour, pink 玫瑰色，玫瑰红b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a rosy complexion 红润的面色  roses in her cheeks  面颊红润 5  a  a representation of the flower in heraldry or decoration (esp. as the national emblem of England) (纹章或装饰中的)玫瑰花形(尤指英格兰国徽)b  a rose-shaped design, e.g. on a compass card or on the soundhole of a lute etc. (如罗经卡或诗琴音孔上的)玫瑰花形图案 6  the sprinkling-nozzle of a watering can or hose (洒水壶或水管的)莲蓬式喷嘴 7  a circular mounting on a ceiling through which the wiring of an electric light passes (天花板上供电线穿过的)圆座 8  a  a rose diamond 玫瑰形钻石b  a rose window 圆花窗 9 (in pl. 用复数)  used in various phrases to express favourable circumstances, ease, success, etc. (用于不同词组中，表示)有利环境；轻松，安逸；成功等  roses all the way  一路顺利 everything's roses  一切尽如人意 10  an excellent person or thing, esp. a beautiful woman 极好的人或事物(尤指美女)  English rose  英国玫瑰(美女) rose between two thorns  夹坐在两个男人之间的女子 ●adj.  = ROSE-COLOURED 1  ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 rosed adj.) literary  make rosy [文学用语]使成玫瑰色  the rosed Alps  玫瑰色的阿尔卑斯山 □ under the rose   in confidence; under pledge of secrecy 秘密地，私下地□ roseless  adj.  □ roselike  adj.   [Old English rōse from Latin rosa, reinforced in Middle English from Old French]

rose2 past  of RISE  

rose-apple n.  1  a tropical tree of the genus Syzygium, cultivated for its foliage and fragrant fruit 蒲桃(热带树，其树叶和香果可用) 2  this fruit 蒲桃的果实

roseate /ˈrəʊziət/ adj.  1  = ROSE-COLOURED 1, 2  2  having a partly pink plumage 部分羽毛呈粉红色的  roseate spoonbill  粉红琵鹭 roseate tern  粉红燕鸥 [Latin roseus ‘rosy’ (as ROSE1)]

rosebay /ˈrəʊzbei/ n.  1  a  the oleander 夹竹桃b  a N. American azalea 一种北美杜鹃花 2 (in full 全称 rosebay willowherb)  a tall willowherb, Chamerion angustifolium, with pink flowers also called 亦称作 FIREWEED 一种很高的柳兰(花色粉红)

rosebowl /ˈrəʊzbəʊl/ n.  a bowl for displaying cut roses (插玫瑰花用的)玫瑰花钵

rosebud /ˈrəʊzbʌd/ n.  1  a bud of a rose 蔷薇花蕾；玫瑰花蕾 2 Brit.  a pretty young woman [英]漂亮少女

rose bush n.  a rose plant 蔷薇丛；玫瑰丛

rose-chafer n.  a green or copper-coloured beetle, Cetonia aurata, frequenting roses 蔷薇刺金龟

rose colour n.  the colour of a pale red rose; warm pink 玫瑰色，淡玫瑰红，粉红色

rose-coloured adj.  1  of a warm pink colour 玫瑰红的 2  optimistic, sanguine, cheerful 乐观的，充满希望的，愉快的  takes rose-coloured views  抱有乐观的看法 □ see through rose-coloured (or -tinted) spectacles   regard (circumstances etc.) with unfounded favour or optimism 过于乐观地看待(情况等)

rose comb n.  a flat fleshy comb of a fowl 蔷薇冠(家禽等)的低平的肉冠

rose-cut adj.  cut as a rose diamond 切割成玫瑰花形琢型的

rose diamond n.  a hemispherical diamond with the curved part cut in triangular facets 玫瑰花形琢型钻石

rose-engine n.  an appendage to a lathe for engraving curved patterns 刻花机(用以车曲线花纹的车床附件)

rose-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a bright red food fish, Sebastes marinus, of the N. Atlantic 鲈鲉(产于北大西洋的鲜红色食用鱼)

rose geranium n.  a pink-flowered sweet-scented pelargonium, Pelargonium graveolus 玫瑰天竺葵

rose-hip n.  = HIP2 

rose leaf n.  1  a petal of a rose 玫瑰(或蔷薇)花瓣 2  a leaf of a rose 玫瑰(或蔷薇)叶

rosella /rə(ʊ)ˈzelə/ n.  1  any brightly coloured Australian parakeet of the genus Platycercus 玫瑰鹦鹉，锦鹦(产于澳大利亚，颜色鲜艳) 2 Austral.  an easily-shorn sheep [澳]容易剪毛的绵羊 [corruption of Rosehill, NSW, where the bird was first found]

rose madder n.  a pale pink pigment 茜素玫瑰红(淡红色染料)

rosemaling /ˈrəʊsəmɑ:liŋ, -mɔ:liŋ, -zə-/ n.  the art of painting wooden furniture etc. with flower motifs (用花卉图案油漆木质家具的)花卉画饰艺术 [Norwegian, = rose painting]

rose-mallow n.  = HIBISCUS 

Rosemary /ˈrəuzməri/   罗斯玛丽 [人名]

rosemary /ˈrəʊzm(ə)ri/ n.  an evergreen fragrant shrub, Rosmarinus officinalis, with leaves used as a culinary herb, in perfumery, etc., and taken as an emblem of remembrance 迷迭香(常青芳香灌木，叶子可用作烹调或香料，被看作回忆的象征) [Middle English, earlier rosmarine, ultimately from Latin ros marinus, from ros ‘dew’ + marinus MARINE, with assimilation to ROSE1 and Mary name of the Virgin]

rose nail n.  a nail with a head shaped like a rose diamond 圆花钉，玫瑰头装饰钉

rose of Jericho n.  a resurrection plant, Anastatica hierochuntica 含生草(一种更苏植物)

rose of Sharon n.  1  a species of hypericum, Hypericum calycinum, with dense foliage and golden-yellow flowers also called 亦称作 AARON'S BEARD 大萼金丝桃(树叶浓密，开金黄花) 2 Bibl.  a flowering plant of unknown identity 【圣经】不知名的开花植物

roseola /rə(ʊ)ˈzi:ələ/ n. Med. 【医】  1  a rosy rash occurring in measles, typhoid, syphilis, and other diseases 蔷薇疹，玫瑰疹 2 archaic [古义]  = RUBELLA  □ roseolar  adj.  □ roseolous  adj.   [modern variant of RUBEOLA from Latin roseus ‘rose-coloured’]

rose pink n. & adj. ●n.  = ROSE COLOUR  ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  = ROSE-COLOURED 1 

rose-point n.  a point lace with a design of roses 玫瑰花纹针绣花边

rose quartz n.  a translucent pink variety of quartz 蔷薇石英

rose red adj. & n. ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  red like a rose, rose-coloured 玫瑰红的，粉红的 ●n.  this colour 玫瑰红，粉红

rose-root n.  a yellow-flowered plant, Rhodiola rosea, with roots smelling like a rose when dried or bruised 蔷薇根景天(开黄花，根干枯或擦破后有玫瑰香味)

rosery /ˈrəʊzəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a rose garden 玫瑰花园，玫瑰花坛

rose-tinted adj.  = ROSE-COLOURED 

rose tree n.  a rose plant, esp. a standard rose 蔷薇(尤指独干蔷薇)

Rosetta Stone /rə(ʊ)ˈzetə/ n.  a key to previously unattainable understanding 有助于理解以前疑难问题的事物 [a stone found near Rosetta in Egypt, with a trilingual inscription of the 2nd c. BC in hieroglyphic and demotic Egyptian, and Greek, important in the deciphering of hieroglyphs]

rosette /rə(ʊ)ˈzet/ n.  1  a rose-shaped ornament made usu. of ribbon and worn esp. as a supporter's badge, or as an award or the symbol of an award in a competition, esp. by a prizewinning animal 玫瑰花形饰物(通常由丝带做成，尤其被作为支持者的徽章而佩带，或作为竞赛胜者(尤其是获胜动物)的奖品或奖品标志而颁发) 2 Archit. 【建】  a  a carved or moulded ornament resembling or representing a rose 圆花饰b  a rose window 圆花窗 3  an object or symbol or arrangement of parts resembling a rose 玫瑰花形物(或标志、排列) 4 Biol. 【生】  a  a roselike cluster of parts 莲座型(叶)丛b  markings resembling a rose 玫瑰形斑纹 5  a rose diamond 玫瑰形钻石 □ rosetted  adj.   [French, diminutive of rose ROSE1]

rose water n.  perfume made from roses 玫瑰香水

rose window n.  a circular window, usu. with roselike or spokelike tracery 圆花窗(通常有玫瑰花形状或辐射状的窗格)

rosewood /ˈrəʊzwʊd/ n.  1  any of several fragrant close-grained woods used in making furniture (做家具用的)木纹紧密的芳香木材，红木 2  a tree yielding such wood, esp. a tropical leguminous tree of the genus Dalbergia (产上述木材的)树(尤指黄檀)

Rosh Hashana /rɒʃ həˈʃɑ:nə/ n. (also 亦作 Rosh Hashanah)  the Jewish New Year 岁首节(犹太新年) [Hebrew, = beginning (literally ‘head’) of the year]

Roshi /ˈrəʊʃi/ n. (pl. Roshis)  the spiritual leader of a community of Zen Buddhist monks 禅宗的精神领袖 [Japanese]

Rosicrucian /rəʊziˈkru:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a member of a 17th － 18th-c. society devoted to the study of metaphysical and mystical lore (said to have been founded in 1484 by Christian Rosenkreuz) [史义]玫瑰十字会会员(据说该组织于 1484 年由克里斯蒂安·罗森克罗伊茨建立，流行于 17 至 18 世纪，从事形而上学及神秘学问的研究) 2  a member of any of several later organizations deriving from this (起源于上述组织的)其他后来组织的成员 ●adj.  of or relating to the Rosicrucians 玫瑰十字会会员的 □ Rosicrucianism  n.   [modern Latin rosa crucis (or crux), as Latinization of German Rosenkreuz]

Rosie /ˈrəuzi/   罗斯 [人名]

rosin /ˈrɒzin/ n. & v. ●n.  resin, esp. the solid residue after distillation of oil of turpentine from crude turpentine 松脂，松香 ●v. tr. (rosined, rosining)  1  rub (esp. the bow of a violin etc.) with rosin 用松香涂(小提琴的弓等) 2  smear or seal up with rosin 用松脂涂抹(或密封) □ rosiny  adj.   [Middle English, alteration of RESIN]

rosolio /rə(ʊ)ˈzəʊliəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 rosoglio) (pl. -os)  a sweet cordial of spirits, sugar, and flavouring (用酒精、糖、调味料做成的)葡萄干露酒 [Italian, from modern Latin ros solis ‘dew of the sun’]

RoSPA /ˈrɒspə/ abbr. (in the UK) Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents [缩略] (英国)皇家事故预防协会

roster /ˈrɒstə, ˈrəʊst-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups esp. of a military force (尤指军队的)值勤人员表 2  a list usu. of names, esp. N. Amer. of sports players available for team selection 花名册，[尤北美] (体育运动的)候选队员名单 ●v. tr.  place on a roster 将…列入登记表(或名单等)中 [Dutch rooster ‘list’, originally ‘gridiron’, from roosten ROAST, with reference to its parallel lines]

rostra pl.  of ROSTRUM  

rostral /ˈrɒstr(ə)l/ adj.  1 Zool. & Bot.  of or on the rostrum 【动】【植】喙的，嘴的，吻突的 2 Anat. 【解】  a  nearer the hypophysial area in the early embryo (早期胚胎)接近垂体区域的b  nearer the region of the nose and mouth in post-embryonic life (胚胎后期)接近口鼻部的 3 (of a column etc.) adorned with the beaks of ancient war-galleys or with representations of these (柱子等)饰有喙形船首的 □ rostrally  adv.  

rostrated /rɒˈstreitid/ adj.  1 Zool. & Bot.  having or ending in a rostrum 【动】【植】有喙(嘴)的，有喙(嘴)状突起的 2  = ROSTRAL 3  [Latin rostratus (as ROSTRUM)]

rostrum /ˈrɒstrəm/ n. (pl. rostra /-strə/ or rostrums)  1  a  a platform for public speaking 讲坛，演讲台b  a conductor's platform facing the orchestra 乐队指挥台c  a similar platform for other purposes, e.g. for supporting a film or television camera (其他用途的类似的)台(如摄影或摄像机台) 2 Zool. & Bot.  a beak, stiff snout, or beaklike part, esp. of an insect or arachnid 【动】【植】喙，嘴；长鼻；(尤指昆虫或蛛形纲动物的)类似喙的部分，吻突 3 Rom. Antiq.  the beak of a war-galley [古罗马]战船的喙形船首 □  (all in sense 2 均用于释义 2) rostrate /-strət/ adj. □ rostriferous  /-ˈstrif(ə)rəs/ adj.  □ rostriform  adj.   [Latin, = beak, from rodere ros- ‘gnaw’: originally rostra (pl., in sense 1a) in the Roman forum adorned with beaks of captured galleys]

rosy /ˈrəʊzi/ adj. (rosier, rosiest)  1  a  coloured like a pink or red rose 玫瑰色的 , (淡)玫瑰红的  rosy lips, rosy sky  玫瑰红的嘴唇，玫瑰色的天空b  pink as an indication of health or youth (因健康或年轻而)肤色红润的  rosy cheeks  红润的面颊 2  optimistic, hopeful, cheerful 乐观的，有希望的，愉快的  a rosy future  美好的未来 a rosy attitude to life  对生活的乐观态度 □ rosily  adv.  □ rosiness  n.  

rosé /ˈrəʊzei/ n.  any light pink wine, coloured by only brief contact with red grape skins 玫瑰红葡萄酒 [French, = pink]

rot /rɒt/ v., n. & int. ●v. (rotted, rotting)  1 intr.  a (of animal or vegetable matter) lose its original form by the chemical action of bacteria, fungi, etc.; decay (由细菌、霉菌等的化学作用造成的)变质，腐烂，腐坏b (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  crumble or drop from a stem etc. through decomposition (由于腐烂而从茎干等上)剥落，朽坏 2 intr.  a (of society, institutions, etc.) gradually perish from lack of vigour or use (社会团体、制度等)逐渐衰退，衰落b (of a prisoner etc.) waste away  left to rot in prison  被关在监狱里日渐变得衰弱; (of a person) languish (犯人等)变衰弱，变憔悴；(人)变得消沉，失去活力 3 tr.  cause to rot, make rotten 使腐烂；使腐朽；使腐化 4 tr. Brit. slang  tease, abuse, denigrate [英] [俚语]取笑；辱骂；诽谤 5 intr. Brit. slang  joke [英] [俚语]和…开玩笑 ●n.  1  the process or state of rotting 变质，腐烂，腐坏，腐朽 2 colloq.  nonsense; an absurd or foolish statement, argument, or proposal [口]胡说，蠢话，谬论 3 Brit.  a sudden series of (usu. unaccountable) failures; a rapid decline in standards etc. [英] (通常指无法解释的)一连串突然失败；(标准或水平等的)迅速下降  a rot set in  倒霉的事连连发生 we must try to stop the rot  我们必须想办法止住下滑的势头 4 (often prec. by 常前接 the)  necrosis of the liver in sheep, caused by infestation with liver-flukes 羊肝蛭病 ●int. colloq.  expressing incredulity or ridicule [口] (表示怀疑，奚落，嘲笑)胡说！荒唐！ [Old English rotian (v.): the noun Middle English, perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. Icelandic, Norwegian rot]

rota /ˈrəʊtə/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a list of persons acting, or duties to be done, in rotation; a roster [尤英] (轮流出场的)演员名单；轮值表；花名册 2 (作 Rota) RC Ch.  the supreme ecclesiastical and secular court 【天主教】天主教最高法庭 [Latin, = wheel]

Rotarian /rəʊˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of Rotary “扶轮国际”成员 ●adj.  of Rotary “扶轮国际”的 [ROTARY + -AN]

rotary /ˈrəʊt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  acting by rotation 旋转的，轮转的，转动的  rotary drill  旋转式钻机 rotary pump  回转泵 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a rotary machine 旋转式机器 2 N. Amer.  a traffic roundabout [北美]环形交通路口 3 (作 Rotary) (in full 全称 Rotary International)  a worldwide charitable society of businessmen and professional men, originally named from members entertaining in rotation “扶轮社”，“扶轮国际”(一个由商人和职业人员组成的慈善团体，由于活动在各成员的事务机构轮流举行，故名) [medieval Latin rotarius (as ROTA)]

Rotary club n.  a local branch of Rotary “扶轮国际”分社

rotary-wing attrib. adj. (of an aircraft) deriving lift from rotary aerofoils (飞机)由旋转机翼提升的，旋翼的

rotate1 /rə(ʊ)ˈteit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  move round an axis or centre, revolve 旋转，转动 2  a tr.  take or arrange in rotation 使轮流，轮换安排b intr.  act or take place in rotation 轮流，轮换  the chairmanship will rotate  主席职位将轮流担任 □ rotatable  adj.  □ rotative  /ˈrəʊtətiv/ adj.  □ rotatory  /ˈrəʊtət(ə)ri, -ˈteit(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin rotare from rota ‘wheel’]

rotate2 /ˈrəʊteit/ adj. Bot.  wheel-shaped 【植】轮状的，辐状的 [Latin rota ‘wheel’]

rotation /rə(ʊ)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of rotating or being rotated 旋转，转动 2  a recurrence; a recurrent series or period; a regular succession of various members of a group in office etc. 循环，反复；循环系列；循环周期；轮换，轮流 3  a system of growing different crops in regular order to avoid exhausting the soil 轮作，换茬 □ rotational  adj.  □ rotationally  adv.   [Latin rotatio]

rotator /rə(ʊ)ˈteitə/ n.  1  a machine or device for causing something to rotate (使东西旋转的)旋转器 2 Anat.  a muscle that rotates a limb etc. 【解】回旋肌 3  a revolving apparatus or part 旋转器械；旋转部分，旋转体 [Latin (as ROTATE1)]

Rotavator /ˈrəʊtəveitə/ n. (also 亦作 Rotovator) Brit. propr.  a machine with a rotating blade for breaking up or tilling the soil [英] [商标] (用以碎土或耕地的)旋耕机 □ rotavate  v. tr.   [ROTARY + CULTIVATOR]

rote /rəʊt/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 by)  mechanical or habitual repetition (with reference to acquiring knowledge) (指获取知识)机械的做法，生搬硬套，死记硬背 [Middle English: origin unknown]

rote learning n.  learning by rote 死记硬背的学习

rotenone /ˈrəʊtənəʊn/ n.  a toxic crystalline substance obtained from the roots of derris and other plants, used as an insecticide 鱼藤酮(提取自鱼藤和其他植物根部的有毒晶状物质，用作杀虫剂) [Japanese rotenon from roten ‘derris’]

rot-gut n. slang  cheap harmful alcoholic liquor [俚语]廉价有害的劣等酒

rotifer /ˈrəʊtifə/ n.  any minute aquatic animal of the phylum Rotifera, with a characteristic wheel-like ciliated organ used in swimming and feeding 轮虫(微小的水生轮形动物门动物，生有游泳和取食用的轮状纤毛器官) [modern Latin rotiferus, from Latin rota ‘wheel’ + -fer ‘bearing’]

rotisserie /rə(ʊ)ˈtis(ə)ri/ n.  1  a restaurant etc. where meat is roasted or barbecued 烤肉馆，烧烤店 2  a cooking appliance with a rotating spit for roasting and barbecuing meat 轮转烤肉架(器) [French rôtisserie from rostir ROAST]

rotogravure /rəʊtəɡrəˈvjʊə/ n.  1  a printing system using a rotary press with intaglio cylinders, usu. running at high speed 轮转凹版印刷 2  a sheet etc. printed with this system, esp. N. Amer. the colour magazine of a Sunday newspaper 轮转凹版印刷品，[尤北美] (报纸的)彩色星期专刊 [German Rotogravur (name of a company) assimilated to PHOTOGRAVURE]

rotor /ˈrəʊtə/ n.  1  a rotary part of a machine, esp. in the distributor of an internal-combustion engine (尤指内燃机分配器中的)转子；(机器的)旋转部分 2  a set of radiating aerofoils round a hub on a helicopter, providing lift when rotated (直升飞机的)旋翼 [formed irregularly from ROTATOR]

rototill /ˈrəʊtətil/ v. tr. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROTAVATE(see 见 ROTAVATOR) 

Rotovator var.  of ROTAVATOR  ROTAVATOR 的变体

rotten /ˈrɒt(ə)n/ adj. (rottener, rottenest)  1  rotting or rotted; falling to pieces or liable to break or tear from age or use (正或已)腐烂的，腐朽的；(由于天长日久或长期使用而)朽坏的，风化的，易碎的 2  morally, socially, or politically corrupt (道德、社会或政治)腐败的，腐化的，堕落的 3 colloq. [口]  a  disagreeable, unpleasant 令人极不愉快的，令人讨厌的  had a rotten time  过得倒霉透了b (of a plan etc.) ill-advised, unsatisfactory (计划等)失策的，令人不满的  a rotten idea  糟糕的主意c  disagreeably ill 有病的，身体不适的  feel rotten today  今天感觉不适 □ rottenly  adv.  □ rottenness  /ˈrɒt(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English from Old Norse rotinn: related to ROT, RET]

rotten apple n. colloq.  a bad or esp. a morally corrupt person in a group etc. [口] (团体等中的)坏蛋(尤指道德败坏者)

rotten borough n. hist. (before 1832) an English borough able to elect an MP though having very few voters [史义] (1832 年以前的)不平等选区(选民极少却能选出下院议员的英国选区)

rotten-stone n.  decomposed siliceous limestone used as a powder for polishing metals 擦光石(一种风化的石灰石，其粉末用来打磨金属)

rotter /ˈrɒtə/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  an objectionable, unpleasant, or reprehensible person [尤英口]讨厌的家伙；下流坏，坏蛋，无赖 [ROT]

Rotterdam /ˈrɒtədæm/ n.  鹿特丹 [荷兰港市]

Rottweiler /ˈrɒtvailə, -wailə/ n.  1  a large powerful dog of a tall black and tan breed 罗特韦尔犬(一种黑色或茶色品种的高大凶猛的狗) 2  this breed 罗特韦尔犬种 [German, from Rottweil in SW Germany]

rotund /rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd/ adj.  1  a  circular, round 圆形的b (of a person) large and plump, podgy (人)圆胖的；矮胖的 2 (of speech, literary style, etc.) sonorous, grandiloquent (讲话)声音洪亮的；(文风)浮华的，浮夸的 □ rotundity  n.  □ rotundly  adv.   [Latin rotundus from rotare ROTATE1]

rotunda /rə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə/ n.  1  a building with a circular ground plan, esp. one with a dome (尤指有圆顶的)圆形建筑 2  a circular hall or room 圆形大厅，圆形房间 [earlier rotonda from Italian rotonda (camera) ‘round (chamber)’, fem. of rotondo ‘round’ (as ROTUND)]

rouble /ˈru:b(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 ruble)  the chief monetary unit of Russia and some other former republics of the USSR 卢布(俄罗斯和前苏联一些加盟共和国的主要货币单位) [French from Russian rubl ′] 

rouge /ru:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a red powder or cream used for colouring the cheeks 胭脂 2  powdered ferric oxide etc. as a polishing agent esp. for metal 铁丹，红铁粉(尤用作金属磨光剂) ●v.  1 tr.  colour with rouge 在…上搽胭脂 2 intr.  a  apply rouge to one's cheeks 在脸颊上搽胭脂b  become red, blush 变红；脸红 [French, = red, from Latin rubeus, related to RED]

rouge-et-noir /ru:ʒeiˈnwɑ:/ n.  a gambling game using a table with red and black marks, on which players place stakes 红与黑(一种赌博游戏，赌桌上有红黑标记，赌博者在这些标记上下赌注) [French, = red and black]

rough /rʌf/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  having an uneven or irregular surface, not smooth or level or polished (表面)毛糙的，粗糙的，不平的，不光滑的b Tennis  etc. applied to the face of a racket on which the loops formed from the stringing process project (opp. 反义 SMOOTH adj. 1b) 【网球】(指球拍面的)绳圈突出不平的 2 (of ground, country, etc.) having many bumps, obstacles, etc. (地面、地区等)崎岖的，高低不平的，难走的 3  a  hairy, shaggy 多毛的，毛发蓬乱的b (of cloth) coarse in texture (衣料)质地粗糙的 4  a (of a person or behaviour) not mild or quiet or gentle; boisterous, unrestrained (人或行为)粗鲁的，粗野的，粗暴的，不受约束的  rough manners  粗鲁无礼的态度 rough play  粗野的比赛b (of language etc.) coarse, indelicate (语言等)粗俗的，不文雅的c (of wine etc.) sharp or harsh in taste (酒等)涩口的；刺激的 5 (of the sea, weather, etc.) violent, stormy (大海、天气等)狂暴的，汹涌的，多风暴的 6  disorderly, riotous 混乱的，骚动的，喧闹的  a rough part of town  城里秩序混乱的地区 7  harsh, insensitive, inconsiderate 冷漠的，无情的，麻木的，不体贴的  rough words  无情的话 rough treatment  冷漠的对待 8  a  unpleasant, severe, demanding 令人不快的；严厉的；艰难的；苛求的  had a rough time  渡过了一段艰难的时光b Brit.  unfortunate, unreasonable, undeserved [英]不幸的；不合理的，不当的；冤枉的  had rough luck  运气很糟c (foll. by 后跟 on)  hard or unfair towards 对…严厉的；对…不公平的 9  lacking finish, elaboration, comfort, etc. 未完成的；不精细的；不舒适的  rough lodgings  简陋的住处 a rough welcome  简慢的欢迎 10  incomplete, rudimentary 不完善的，初步的  a rough attempt  初步的尝试 a rough makeshift  权宜之计 11  a  inexact, approximate, preliminary 不精确的，近似的，初步的  a rough estimate  大概的估计 a rough sketch  草图b (of stationery etc.) for use in writing rough notes etc. (文具等)供作草稿用的 12 colloq. [口]  a  ill, unwell 生病的，不适的  am feeling rough  感觉不适b  depressed, dejected 沮丧的，灰心的 ●adv.  in a rough manner 粗略地，大体地；粗糙地，简陋地；粗野地  the land should be ploughed rough  土地需要大致犁一下 play rough  比赛动作粗野 ●n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a hard part or aspect of life; hardship (生活的)困苦，不幸，艰难  take the rough with the smooth  吃苦与享乐一同承受 2  rough ground 崎岖不平的地面  over rough and smooth  无论崎岖还是平坦 3 esp. Brit.  a rough or violent person [尤英]粗人，莽汉；流氓；暴徒  met a bunch of roughs  遇到一帮暴徒 4 Golf  rough ground off the fairway between tee and green 【高尔夫球】开球区与草地间的崎岖地面 5  an unfinished or provisional or natural state 草样，草图；草稿  have written it in rough  已写完草稿 shaped from the rough  从草样中成形 6 (prec. by 前接 the) esp. Brit. [尤英]  the general way or tendency 大体，大略，大致趋势  is true in the rough  大体上是真的 ●v. tr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 up)  ruffle (feathers, hair, etc.) by rubbing in the wrong direction (通过反向捋而)将(羽毛、头发等)弄乱 2  a (foll. by 后跟 out)  shape or plan roughly 使粗略定形，粗略计划b (foll. by 后跟 in)  sketch roughly 作…草图，草拟 3  give the first shaping to (a gun, lens, etc.) 做(枪、镜片等的)毛坯 □ bit of rough  slang  a (usu. male) sexual partner whose toughness or lack of sophistication is a source of attraction [俚语] (由于刚强或简单直率而吸引人的)性伙伴(通常指男性)□ the rough edge (or side) of one's tongue   severe or harsh words 严厉(或苛刻)的话□ rough it   do without basic comforts 因陋就简地生活□ rough up  colloq.  treat (a person) with violence; attack violently [口]用暴力对待(某人)；猛烈进攻□ sleep rough  Brit.  sleep outdoors, or not in a proper bed [英]睡在户外，露宿；睡得不舒服□ roughness  n.   [Old English rūh, from West Germanic]

roughage /ˈrʌfidʒ/ n.  1  fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs which aids the passage of food etc. through the gut (蔬菜食品中的)纤维质 2  coarse fodder 粗饲料 [ROUGH + -AGE 3]

rough-and-ready adj.  rough or crude but effective; not elaborate or over-particular 粗糙(或粗略)但尚可用的；粗制的，不精细的

rough-and-tumble adj. & n. ●adj.  irregular, scrambling, disorderly 无规律的，不规则的；混乱的 ●n.  a haphazard fight; a scuffle 乱打乱斗；混战

rough breathing  see 见 BREATHING 2 

roughcast /ˈrʌfkɑ:st/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  plaster of lime and gravel, used on outside walls (用石灰和砂砾混和而成，涂外墙用的)粗灰泥 ●adj.  1 (of a wall etc.) coated with roughcast (墙等)涂粗灰泥的 2 (of a plan etc.) roughly formed, preliminary (计划等)草拟的，初步的 ●v. tr. (past and past part. -cast)  1  coat (a wall) with roughcast 用粗灰泥涂(墙) 2  prepare (a plan, essay, etc.) in outline 制定(计划、文章等的)大纲；草拟

rough coat n.  a first coat of plaster applied to a surface (粗灰泥的)底层

rough copy n.  1  a first or original draft 初稿；原稿 2  a copy of a picture etc. showing only the essential features 草图，略图

rough deal n.  hard or unfair treatment 粗暴的对待；不公平的待遇

rough diamond n.  1  an uncut diamond 未经琢磨的钻石 2  a person of good nature but rough manners 外粗内秀的人

rough-dry v. tr. (-dries, -dried)  dry (clothes) without ironing 晾干而不熨平(衣服)

roughen /ˈrʌf(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become rough (使)变粗糙； (使路面)变得不平

rough-handle v. tr.  treat or handle roughly 粗暴对待(或处理)

rough-hew v. tr. (past part. -hewed or -hewn)  shape out roughly; give crude form to 使粗略定形；粗凿，粗制

rough-hewn adj.  1  formed or shaped out roughly 粗略定形的；粗凿的，粗制的 2  uncouth, unrefined 粗鲁的，没有教养的

rough hound n.  a dogfish, esp. the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (尤指斑点较少的一种)猫鲨

rough house n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a disturbance or row; boisterous play 胡闹；打闹；喧闹；玩闹 ●v. (作 rough-house)  1 tr.  handle (a person) roughly 粗暴(或粗鲁)地对待(某人) 2 intr.  make a disturbance; act violently 胡闹；(激烈)打闹

roughie /ˈrʌfi/ n. slang [俚语]  1 Brit. dial. & Austral.  a rough; a hooligan [英方] [澳]粗鲁的人，无赖，小流氓 2 Austral. [澳]  a  an outsider in a horse race etc. (赛马中)无望取胜的马等b  an unfair or unreasonable act See also 另见 ROUGHY 不公平的行为；无理行为

roughish /ˈrʌfiʃ/ adj.  somewhat rough 有些粗糙的；稍粗鲁的

rough justice n.  1  treatment that is approximately fair 大致公平的对待(或处理) 2  treatment that is not at all fair 一点也不公平的对待(或处理)

roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv.  1  in a rough manner 粗糙地；粗鲁地 2  approximately 大致地，粗略地  roughly 20 people attended  大约有 20 人出席 □ roughly speaking   in an approximate sense 大致说来  it is, roughly speaking, a square  大体上说，它是个正方形

roughneck /ˈrʌfnek/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a rough or rowdy person 粗暴(或粗野、粗鲁)的人；爱吵闹的人；无赖 2  a worker on an oil rig 钻井工；油井修建工

rough passage n.  1  a crossing over rough sea 波涛汹涌的航程 2  a difficult time or experience 艰难的日子，艰苦经历

rough ride n.  a difficult time or experience 艰难的日子，艰苦经历

rough-rider n.  a person who breaks in or can ride unbroken horses 驯马师；善骑烈马的人

roughshod /ˈrʌfʃɒd/ adj. (of a horse) having shoes with nail heads projecting to prevent slipping 马掌上有防滑钉头的 □ ride roughshod over   treat inconsiderately or arrogantly 轻率对待；傲慢对待，盛气凌人地对待

rough stuff n. colloq.  boisterous or violent behaviour [口]喧闹(或暴力)的行为

rough tongue n.  a habit of rudeness in speaking 讲话粗鲁的习惯

rough trade n. slang  a tough or sadistic element among male homosexuals [俚语]男同性恋者中的粗暴行为或虐待狂行为(者)

rough work n.  1  preliminary or provisional work 初始工作；临时性的工作 2 colloq.  violence [口]暴力 3  a task requiring the use of force 力气活，粗活

roughy /ˈrʌfi/ n. (also 亦作 roughie) (pl. -ies) esp. Austral.  either of two rough-scaled fishes, the tommy ruff, Arripis georgianus, or a small reef fish, Trachichthys australis [尤澳] (鳞片粗糙的)大眼澳鲈；澳洲棘鲷 [perhaps from ROUGH or RUFF2]

roulade /rʊˈlɑ:d/ n.  1  a dish cooked or served in the shape of a roll, esp. a rolled piece of meat or sponge with a filling 卷状的菜肴(尤指包馅肉卷或夹馅松软蛋糕) 2  a florid passage of runs etc. in solo vocal music, usu. sung to one syllable (声乐独唱等中的)华彩经过句(夹在两个旋律之间的快速过渡和音组成的装饰音) [French from rouler ‘to roll’]

rouleau /ˈru:ləʊ, rʊˈləʊ/ n. (pl. rouleaux or rouleaus /-əʊz/)  1  a cylindrical packet of coins (用纸包的)一卷(同值)硬币 2  a coil or roll of ribbon etc., esp. as trimming (尤指作为装饰的)一卷丝带；滚边 [French from rôle ROLL n.]

roulette /rʊˈlet/ n.  1  a gambling game using a table in which a ball is dropped on to a revolving wheel with numbered compartments, players betting on the number at which the ball comes to rest 轮盘赌 2 Math.  a curve generated by a point on a curve rolling on another 【数】一般旋轮线 3  a  a revolving toothed wheel used in engraving (雕刻用的)滚花刀具，压花刀具b  a similar wheel for making perforations between postage stamps in a sheet (给一版邮票切骑缝线的)切缝滚轮 □ rouletted  adj. (in sense 3b 用于释义 3b)   [French, diminutive of rouelle, from Late Latin rotella, diminutive of Latin rota ‘wheel’]

Roumanian var.  of ROMANIAN  ROMANIAN 的变体

round /raʊnd/ adj., n., adv., prep. & v. ●adj.  1  shaped like or approximately like a circle, sphere, or cylinder; having a convex or circular outline or surface; curved, not angular (近似)圆形的，球形的，圆柱形的；曲线轮廓的，曲面的；曲线状(不带棱角)弯曲的 2  done with or involving circular motion 环绕的，转圈的 3  a  entire, continuous, complete  a round dozen  整整一打; fully expressed or developed; all together, not broken or defective or scanty 完全的，连续的，完整的；表现充分的，发展成熟的；完好无损的，完美无缺的b (of a sum of money) considerable (钱的数量)可观的，大量的 4  genuine, candid, outspoken; (of a statement etc.) categorical, unmistakable 诚恳的，坦率的，直言不讳的；(陈述等)绝对的，无条件的，明确无误的 5 (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a number) expressed for convenience or as an estimate in fewer significant numerals or with a fraction removed 大概算来的，约略的；用(除去分数的)整数表示的；用(整十、整百、整千等)约数表示的；四舍五入的  spent £ 297.32, or in round figures £ 300  花了 297.32 英镑，大概算来是 300 英镑 6  a (of a style) flowing (文体、风格)流畅的b (of a voice) not harsh (声音)圆润的 7 Phonet. (of a vowel) pronounced with rounded lips 【语音】(元音)圆唇的 ●n.  1  a round object or form 圆形物，圆形(或球形、圆柱形) 2  a  a revolving motion, a circular or recurring course 转动，旋转；环形路线，循环路线  the earth in its yearly round  公转的地球b  a regular recurring series of activities or functions (活动、职责等的)一连串运动  one's daily round  日常工作 a continuous round of pleasure  一连串的欢乐c  a recurring succession or series of meetings for discussion etc. (会议、讨论的)一轮  a new round of talks on disarmament  新一轮裁军谈判 3  a esp. Brit.  a fixed route on which things are regularly delivered [尤英] (递送东西的)固定路线  milk round  送牛奶b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a route or sequence by which people or things are regularly supervised or inspected 巡视路线，巡回路线；巡视；巡逻；巡诊  a watchman's round  看守人的巡逻 a doctor's rounds  医生查病房 4  an allowance of something distributed or measured out, esp. (分发或计量的)一份，尤指 :a  a single provision of drinks etc. to each member of a group (给群体中每个人的)一份饮料等b  ammunition to fire one shot; the act of firing this 一发弹药；弹药的一次发射 5  a Brit.  a slice across a loaf of bread [英] (圆面包的)一片b Brit.  a sandwich made from whole slices of bread [英]整片三明治c  a thick disc of beef cut from the haunch as a joint (牛大腿的)厚厚一片肉 6  each of a set or series, a sequence of actions by each member of a group in turn, esp. 系列活动中的一个单元，一个轮回，尤指 :a  one spell of play in a game etc. (体育比赛的)一局，一场，一盘，一个回合等b  one stage in a competition (竞赛的)一个阶段，一节 7 Golf  the playing of all the holes in a course once 【高尔夫球】一场高尔夫球(把球打进所有的穴的全过程) 8 Archery  a fixed number of arrows shot from a fixed distance 【射箭】(从固定距离射出的)固定数量的箭 9 (作 the round)  a form of sculpture in which the figure stands clear of any ground (cf. 参见 RELIEF 6a) 圆雕 10 Mus.  a canon for three or more unaccompanied voices singing at the same pitch or in octaves 【音】轮唱歌 11 (in pl. 用复数) Mil. 【军】  a  a watch that goes round inspecting sentries 巡逻(队)b  a circuit made by this 巡逻路线 12  a rung of a ladder 梯子的横档 13 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the circumference, bounds, or extent of …的圆周；周围；范围  in all the round of Nature  整个自然界内 ●adv. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  with circular motion 转动地，旋转地；围绕地；环行地  wheels go round  轮子转动 2  with return to the starting point or an earlier state 周而复始地，循环地  summer soon comes round  夏季又一次来临 3  a  with rotation, or change to an opposite position 朝反方向地(旋转或变化)  he turned round to look  他转身去看b  with change to an opposite opinion etc. (看法等)转到反面地  they were angry but I soon won them round  他们很生气，但不久我又把他们争取过来了 4  to, at, or affecting all or many points of a circumference or an area or the members of a company etc. 逐一；遍及  tea was then handed round  给每人上了茶 may I look round?  我可以到处看看吗？ 5  in every direction from a centre or within a radius 四处，朝各个方向；方圆，四周  spread destruction round  四处破坏 everyone for a mile round  方圆 1 英里内的每个人 6  by a circuitous way 绕道地，兜圈子地  will you jump over or go round?  你是跳过来还是绕过来？ go a long way round  绕了一大圈 7  a  to a person's house etc. 到某人的家；到某人处  ask him round  请他来家坐坐 will be round soon  马上就到b  to a more prominent or convenient position 到更显著或方便的位置  brought the car round  把车开过来 8  measuring a (specified distance) in girth 以周长计 ●prep. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  so as to encircle or enclose 围绕，环绕  tour round the world  周游世界 has a blanket round him  裹着一条毯子 2  at or to points on the circumference of 围绕在  sat round the table  围坐在桌子周围 3  with successive visits to 连连拜访  hawks them round the cafés  连连到咖啡馆去兜售 4  in various directions from or with regard to 在…四周；临近于  towns round Birmingham  伯明翰四周的城镇 shells bursting round them  炮弹在他们附近爆炸 5  having as an axis of revolution or as a central point 以…为轴心；以…为中心  turns round its centre of gravity  沿重心旋转 write a book round an event  以一次事件为中心写一本书 6  a  so as to double or pass in a curved course 绕过  go round the corner  绕过拐角b  having passed in this way 已绕过  be round the corner  已绕过了拐角c  in the position that would result from this 处于拐弯处  find them round the corner  发现他们在拐角 7  so as to come close from various sides but not into contact 从四面向中心聚集但互不接触 ●v.  1  a tr.  give a round shape to 使成圆形(或球形、圆柱形)b intr.  assume a round shape 呈圆形(或球形、圆柱形) 2 tr.  double or pass round (a corner, cape, etc.) 绕，绕过(角落，海角等) 3 tr.  express (a number) in a less exact but more convenient form (also foll. by down when the number is decreased and up when it is increased) 使凑整，四舍五入(数字) (当舍去小数时亦后跟 down ，当补入小数时亦后跟 up) 4 tr. Phonet.  pronounce (a vowel) with rounded lips 【语音】以圆唇发(元音) □ go the round (or rounds)  (of news etc.) be passed on from person to person (消息等)传开□ in the round   1  with all features shown; all things considered 全面地 2 Theatr.  with the audience round at least three sides of the stage 【戏】舞台至少有三面被观众包围的 3 (of sculpture) with all sides shown; not in relief (雕塑)圆雕的□ make the round of   go round 巡视；巡回；巡逻□ make (or go) one's rounds   take a customary route for inspection etc. 沿着惯常的路线巡视□ round about   1  in a ring (about); all round; on all sides (of) 环绕，在…周围 2  with a change to an opposite position 转到相反方向 3  approximately 大约，大致  cost round about £ 50  花费大约 50 英镑□ round and round   several times round 一圈一圈地，不断兜圈子地□ round the bend   see 见 BEND1 □ round down   see sense 3 of v. 见动词释义 3□ round off   1  bring to a complete or symmetrical or well-ordered state 圆满完成；使匀称，使和谐有序 2  smooth out; blunt the corners or angles of 打磨，修平…的棱角□ round on a person   make a sudden verbal attack on or unexpected retort to a person 突然责骂(或反驳)某人□ round out   1  = round off 1  2  provide more detail about (加入细节)使更完善；使(文章)更丰满□ round peg in a square hole   = square peg in a round hole (see 见 PEG) □ round the twist   see 见 TWIST □ round up   collect or bring together, esp. by going round (see also sense 3 of v. 见动词释义 3) 把…聚拢起来□ roundish  adj.  □ roundness  n.   [Middle English from Old French ro(u)nd-, stem of ro(o)nt, reont, from Latin rotundus ROTUND]

roundabout /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Brit.  a road junction at which traffic moves in one direction round a central island [英]环形交叉路口，环岛路口 2 Brit. [英]  a  a large revolving device in a playground, for children to ride on (操场上供儿童坐的)大型旋转装置b  = MERRY-GO-ROUND 1  ●adj.  circuitous, circumlocutory, indirect. 迂回的；委婉的；间接的

round-arm adj. Cricket (of bowling) performed with an outward horizontal swing of the arm 【板球】臂挥到齐肩高度投球的

round brackets n. pl. Brit.  brackets of the form () [英]圆括号

round dance n.  1  a dance in which couples move in circles round the ballroom 双人圆舞(舞者绕舞场旋转) 2  a dance in which the dancers form one large circle 轮舞(舞蹈者围成一圈跳)

roundel /ˈraʊnd(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a small disc, esp. a decorative medallion 小的圆形物(尤指作为装饰的圆徽章等)b Heraldry  any of various circular charges 【纹章学】圆形标记 2  a circular identifying mark painted on military aircraft, esp. the red, white, and blue of the RAF (军用飞机上的)圆形标记(尤指英国皇家空军的红、白、蓝色的标记) 3  a poem of eleven lines in three stanzas 回旋诗(一种 3 节的 11 行诗) [Middle English from Old French rondel(le) (as ROUND)]

roundelay /ˈraʊndəlei/ n.  a short simple song with a refrain 回旋歌(曲) [French rondelet (as RONDEL), with assimilation to LAY3 or virelay, a medieval song or lyric poem]

rounder /ˈraʊndə/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数 ; treated as sing. 看作单数)  a game with a bat and ball in which players after hitting the ball run through a round of bases 跑柱式棒球 2  a complete run of a player through all the bases as a unit of scoring in rounders (跑柱式棒球赛的)得分

Roundhead /ˈraʊndhed/ n. hist.  a member of the Parliamentary party in the English Civil War [史义]圆颅党(英国内战期间的议会派)人 [from their custom of wearing the hair cut short]

roundhouse /ˈraʊndhaʊs/ n.  1  a circular repair shed for railway locomotives, built round a turntable (内有转台的)圆形机车库 2 slang  a blow given with a wide sweep of the arm [俚语]大挥拳，大抡拳 3 hist.  a prison; a place of detention [史义]监狱；拘留所 4 Naut.  a cabin or set of cabins on the after part of the quarterdeck, esp. on a sailing ship 【海】(尤指船的)艉楼甲板室

roundhouse kick n. (esp. in karate) a kick made with a wide sweep of the leg and rotation of the body (尤指空手道中的)旋风踢腿

roundly /ˈraʊn(d)li/ adv.  1  bluntly, in plain language, severely 直率地，直截了当地；严厉地  was roundly criticized  受到严厉批评 told them roundly that he refused  直截了当地告诉他们他拒绝 2  in a thoroughgoing manner 彻底地，完全地  go roundly to work  彻底投入工作 3  in a circular way 圆圆地  swells out roundly  圆圆地鼓起

round robin n.  1  a petition esp. with signatures written in a circle to conceal the order of writing (尤指不分签名顺序的)圆形签名请愿书 2 N. Amer.  a tournament in which each competitor plays in turn against every other [北美]循环赛

round-shouldered adj.  with shoulders bent forward so that the back is rounded 肩部向前弯曲(使后背拱出)的，拱背曲肩的

roundsman /ˈraʊn(d)zmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a trader's employee going round delivering and taking orders [英]送货员，跑街；推销员 2 US  a police officer in charge of a patrol [美]巡警 3 Austral.  a journalist covering a specified subject [澳] (采访特定主题的)特派记者  political roundsman  政治新闻特派记者

Round Table n.  1  an international charitable association which holds discussions, debates, etc., and undertakes community service (举办讨论、辩论等并承担社区服务的)青年圆桌协会 2 (作 round table)  an assembly for discussion, esp. at a conference (often 常作 attrib.: round-table talks 圆桌会谈) 圆桌会议 [alluding to the one at which King Arthur and his knights sat so that none should have precedence]

round-the-clock attrib. adj.  lasting or covering all day and (usu.) all night Cf. 参见 round the clock (CLOCK1) 持续一整天(通常一昼夜)的，昼夜不断的  round-the-clock care  昼夜不断的照顾

round trip n.  a trip to one or more places and back again (esp. by a circular route) 往返旅行；(尤指环形线路的)环程旅行

round-up n.  1  a systematic rounding up of people or things (有系统的对人或物的)集拢；聚拢 2  a summary; a résumé of facts or events 综述；摘要

roundworm /ˈraʊn(d)wɜ:m/ n.  a nematode worm, esp. a parasitic one (尤指寄生的)线虫；蛔虫

roup1 /raʊp/ n. & v. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] ●n.  an auction 拍卖 ●v. tr.  sell by auction 将…拍卖 [Middle English = to shout, roar, croak, of Scandinavian origin]

roup2 /ru:p/ n.  an infectious poultry disease, esp. of the respiratory tract 家禽白喉 □ roupy  adj.   [as ROUP1]

rouse /raʊz/ v.  1  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, out of)  bring out of sleep, wake 弄醒，叫醒b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cease to sleep, wake up 醒来 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a tr.  stir up, make active or excited, startle out of inactivity or confidence or carelessness 激活，激起；使激动；使觉醒  roused them from their complacency  使他们从自满中醒悟过来 was roused to protest  被唤醒起来抗议b intr.  become active 变活跃 3 tr.  provoke to anger 激怒  is terrible when roused  被激怒时很可怕 4 tr.  evoke (feelings) 唤起(情感)，激起(情感) 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out, up) Naut.  haul vigorously 【海】使劲拉 6 tr.  startle (game) from a lair or cover 将(猎物)从洞穴等中惊起 7 tr.  stir (liquid, esp. beer while brewing) 搅动(液体，尤指酿制中的啤酒) □ rouse oneself   overcome one's indolence 克服惰性，振作起来，奋起□ rousable  adj.  □ rouser  n.   [originally as a hawking and hunting term, so probably from Anglo-French: origin unknown]

rouseabout /ˈraʊzəbaʊt/ n. Austral. & NZ  an unskilled labourer or odd jobber, esp. on a farm [澳新] (尤指农场的)非熟练工；临时工

rousing /ˈraʊziŋ/ adj.  1  exciting, stirring 激动人心的，令人兴奋的  a rousing cheer  热烈的欢呼 a rousing song  激动人心的歌曲 2 (of a fire) blazing strongly (火)旺的 □ rousingly  adv.  

roust /raʊst/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out)  a  rouse, stir up 唤醒；惊起，激起b  root out 发现并消除 2 N. Amer. slang  jostle, harass, rough up [北美] [俚语]推挤；骚扰；粗暴对待 □ roust around   rummage 翻找 [perhaps alteration of ROUSE]

roustabout /ˈraʊstəbaʊt/ n.  1  a labourer on an oil rig 石油钻塔上的劳工 2  an unskilled or casual labourer 非熟练工；临时工 3 US [美]  a  a dock labourer or deckhand 码头工人；甲板水手b  a circus labourer 马戏团场地工 4 Austral. [澳]  = ROUSEABOUT 

rout1 /raʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a disorderly retreat of defeated troops 溃退，溃散，溃败b  a decisive defeat (决定性的)失败，大败 2  a  an assemblage or company, esp. of revellers or rioters (尤指纵酒狂欢或闹事的)人群，乌合之众b Law  an assemblage of three or more persons who have made a move towards committing an illegal act 【法律】 (3 人或 3 人以上的)聚众闹事 3  riot, tumult, disturbance, clamour, fuss 混乱，骚动，动乱；喧嚣，忙乱 4 Brit. archaic  a large evening party or reception [英古义]盛大晚会(或招待会) ●v. tr.  cause to retreat in disorder; defeat 使溃散，使溃退；击败，打败 □ put to rout   put to flight, defeat utterly 击溃，打垮 [Middle English from Anglo-French rute, Old French route, ultimately from Latin ruptus ‘broken’]

rout2 /raʊt/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  = ROOT2  2 tr.  cut a groove, or any pattern not extending to the edges, in (a wooden or metal surface) (在木料或金属表面)刨槽(或刻纹) □ rout out   force or fetch out of bed or from a house or hiding place 迫使起床；逐出；从床上(屋里、藏匿处)拖出 [variant of ROOT2]

route /ru:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a way or course taken (esp. regularly) in getting from a starting point to a destination (尤指经常性的)路线 2 N. Amer.  a round travelled in delivering, selling, or collecting goods [北美] (运送、销售、收集货物的)巡回路线 3 /also 亦作 raʊt/ Mil. archaic  marching orders 【军】[古义]开拔令，行军命令 ●v. tr. (routeing or routing)  send or forward or direct to be sent by a particular route 按特定路线运送；为…安排路线 [Middle English from Old French r(o)ute ‘road’, ultimately from Latin ruptus ‘broken’]

route man n. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROUNDSMAN 1 

route march n.  a training march for troops 行军训练

router /ˈraʊtə/ n.  a type of plane with two handles or esp. a power tool used in routing 双柄刨；(尤指动力)刨槽机；刻纹机

routine /ru:ˈti:n/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a regular course or procedure, an unvarying performance of certain acts 惯例；例行公事；常规，程序 2  a set sequence in a performance, esp. a dance, comedy act, etc. (尤指舞蹈、喜剧表演等的)固定程式 3 Computing  a sequence of instructions for performing a task 【计算】程序 ●adj.  1  performed as part of a routine 例行的  routine duties  例行职责 2  of a customary or standard kind 惯例的，常规性的 ●v. tr.  organize according to a routine 根据常规(或惯例)组织 □ routinely  adv.   [French (as ROUTE)]

routinism /ru:ˈti:niz(ə)m/ n.  the prevalence of routine 墨守成规；事务主义 □ routinist  n. & adj.  

routinize /ru:ˈti:naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  subject to a routine; make into a matter of routine 使常规化，使惯例化 □ routinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

roux /ru:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a mixture of fat (esp. butter) and flour used in making sauces etc. (用油脂，尤其是黄油和面粉混和成，用作调料汁的)油面糊 [French, = browned (butter) : see RUSSET]

roué /ˈru:ei/ n.  a debauchee, esp. an elderly one; a rake (尤指上了年纪的)浪荡子，放荡者，酒色之徒 [French, past part. of rouer ‘break on wheel’, = one deserving this]

rove1 /rəʊv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  wander without a settled destination, roam, ramble 漫步，漫游；流浪 2 intr. (of eyes) look in changing directions (眼睛)环顾 3 tr.  wander over or through 漫步于；流浪于；(目光)扫过 ●n.  an act of roving 漫步，漫游；流浪；(眼睛的)环顾  on the rove  在漫游 [originally a term in archery = shoot at a casual mark with the range not determined: Middle English perhaps from dialect rave ‘stray’, probably of Scandinavian origin]

rove2 past  of REEVE2  

rove3 /rəʊv/ n. & v. ●n.  a sliver of cotton, wool, etc., drawn out and slightly twisted (棉、羊毛等的)粗纱 ●v. tr.  form into roves 粗纺 [18th c.: origin unknown]

rove4 /rəʊv/ n.  a small metal plate or ring for a rivet to pass through and be clenched over, esp. in boat-building (尤指造船使用的)铆钉垫圈 [Old Norse ró, with parasitic v]

rove beetle n.  any long-bodied beetle of the family Staphylinidae, usu. found in decaying animal and vegetable matter 隐翅虫(体长，常见于腐烂的动植物中) [ROVE1]

rover1 /ˈrəʊvə/ n.  1  a roving person; a wanderer 流浪者；漫游者 2 Croquet 【槌球】  a  a ball that has passed all the hoops but not pegged out (穿过所有铁环门但未击中木标杆的)满门球b  a player whose ball is a rover 打满门球的球手 3 Archery 【射箭】  a  a mark chosen at undetermined range 任意箭靶b  a mark for long-distance shooting 远距箭靶 4 Amer. Football  a defensive linebacker assigned to move around in anticipation of opponents' play 【美式橄榄球】自由后卫 5 (作 Rover) Brit.  a senior Scout [英]大龄童子军  now called 现称作 Venture Scout 

rover2 /ˈrəʊvə/ n.  a sea robber, a pirate 海盗 [Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch rōver, from rōven ‘rob’: related to REAVE]

rover3 /ˈrəʊvə/ n.  a person or machine that makes roves of fibre 三道粗纱机；三道粗纱机操作工

rover ticket n.  a ticket permitting unlimited bus or railway travel in an area for a specified period (允许在一定时间和地区任意乘坐的)公共汽车通票，火车通票

roving commission n. Brit.  authority given to a person or persons conducting an inquiry to travel as may be necessary [英] (授予调查者的)自由旅行权

roving eye n. (esp. in a man) a tendency to flirt or to be fickle sexually (尤指男子)调情或性挑逗的目光

row1 /rəʊ/ n.  1  a number of persons or things in a more or less straight line (人或物的)一排，一行，一列 2  a line of seats across a theatre etc. (剧场等处座位的)排，横排  in the front row  在前排 3  a street with a continuous line of houses along one or each side (一侧或两侧房屋鳞次栉比的)路，街 4  a line of plants in a field or garden (田野或花园里的)成行植物 5  a horizontal line of entries in a table etc. (表格等的)横栏，行 □ a hard row to hoe   a difficult task 难办的事□ in a row   1  forming a row 成一长排，成一长行 2 colloq.  in succession [口]连续地  two Sundays in a row  连续两个星期天 [Old English rɑˉw, from Germanic]

row2 /rəʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  propel (a boat) with oars 划(船) 2 tr.  convey (a passenger) in a boat in this way 划船运(客)，划渡 3 intr.  propel a boat in this way 划船 4 tr.  make (a stroke) or achieve (a rate of striking) in rowing 划(一下)；每分钟划…下 5 tr.  compete in (a race) by rowing 参加(划船比赛) 6 tr.  row a race with 与…进行划船比赛 ●n.  1  a spell of rowing 划船时间 2  an excursion in a rowing boat 划船路程 □ row down   overtake in a rowing, esp. bumping, race (划船比赛中)赶上，赶过□ row out   exhaust by rowing 使划得筋疲力尽  the crew were completely rowed out at the finish  队员在终点时已划得筋疲力尽了□ row over   complete the course of a boat race with little effort, owing to the absence or inferiority of competitors (在划船比赛中由于对手缺席或水平太低而)轻松取胜□ rower  n.   [Old English rōwan from Germanic: related to RUDDER, Latin remus ‘oar’]

row3 /raʊ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a loud noise or commotion [尤英]吵嚷，吵闹；骚乱 2  a fierce quarrel or dispute 激烈的争吵；激烈辩论 3 Brit. [英]  a  a severe reprimand 严厉申斥，责骂b  the condition of being reprimanded 被斥责，挨骂  shall get into a row  会挨骂的 ●v.  1 intr.  make or engage in a row 吵架；吵闹 2 tr. Brit.  reprimand [英]斥责，责骂 □ make (or kick up) a row   1 esp. Brit.  make a noise or commotion [尤英]大吵大闹 2  make a vigorous protest 作出强烈抗议 [18th-c. slang: origin unknown]

rowan /ˈrəʊən, ˈraʊən/ n.  1 (also 亦作 rowan tree)  a Brit.  the mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia [英]欧洲花楸b US  a similar tree, Sorbus americana, native to America [美]美洲花楸 2 (in full 全称 rowan-berry)  the scarlet berry of either of these trees (上述两种)花楸浆果 [Scandinavian, corresponding to Norwegian rogn, raun, Icelandic reynir]

rowboat /ˈrəʊbəʊt/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = ROWING BOAT 

rowdy /ˈraʊdi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (rowdier, rowdiest)  noisy and disorderly 喧闹的，嘈杂的；混乱的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a rowdy person 好争吵的人；吵嚷者 □ rowdily  adv.  □ rowdiness  n.  □ rowdyism  n.   [19th-c. US, originally = lawless backwoodsman: origin unknown]

rowel /ˈraʊ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spiked revolving disc at the end of a spur (踢马刺上的)齿轮 2 hist.  a circular piece of leather etc. with a hole in the centre inserted between a horse's skin and flesh to discharge an exudate [史义]排脓条(用以插入马的皮肉间排脓) ●v. tr. (rowelled, rowelling; US [美] roweled, roweling)  1  urge with a rowel (用踢马刺去)踢，刺 2 hist.  insert a rowel in [史义]把排脓条插入 [Middle English via Old French roel(e) from Late Latin rotella, diminutive of Latin rota ‘wheel’]

rowen /ˈraʊən/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) US  a second growth of grass, an aftermath [美]再萌草 [Middle English from Old French regain (as RE-, GAIN)]

row house n. N. Amer.  a terrace house [北美]联排式房屋；排屋中的一栋

rowing boat n. Brit.  a small boat propelled by oars [英]小划子，划艇

rowing machine n.  a device for exercising the muscles used in rowing 划船练习架(一种锻炼划船肌肉的装置)

rowlock /ˈrɒlək, ˈrʌlək/ n.  a device on a boat's gunwale, esp. a pair of thole-pins, serving as a fulcrum for an oar and keeping it in place (船舷上的)桨架，桨叉 [alteration of earlier OARLOCK, influenced by ROW2]

Rowton house /ˈraʊt(ə)n/ n. Brit. hist.  a type of cheap lodging house for poor single men, providing accommodation of a decent standard [英史义]罗顿屋(一种租给贫穷的单身男子的房屋，膳宿条件较好) [named after Lord Rowton, English social reformer d. 1903]

Roy /rɒi/   罗伊 [人名]

royal /ˈrɔiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or suited to or worthy of a king or queen (适合)国王(或女王)的，与国王(或女王)相配的 2  in the service or under the patronage of a king or queen 服侍国王(或女王)的；为王室效力的；受国王(或女王)保护的 3  belonging to the king or queen 属于国王(或女王)的  the royal hands  王室 the royal anger  王室的愤怒 4  of the family of a king or queen 王族的，皇家的 5  majestic, stately, splendid 宏伟的，庄严的，华贵的 6  on a great scale, of exceptional size or quality, first-rate 规模巨大的；数量众多的；一流的  gave us royal entertainment  给我们盛大的款待 in royal spirits  情绪极好 had a royal time  过得极其愉快 ●n.  1 colloq.  a member of the royal family [口]王室成员 2  a royal sail or mast 顶桅帆；顶桅 3  a royal stag 有 12 个以上角叉的雄鹿 4  a size of paper, about 620 × 500 mm (25 × 20 in.) 王裁(纸张规格，约 620 × 500 毫米或 25 × 20 英寸) 5 (作 the Royals) (in the UK) the Royal Marines (英国)皇家海军陆战队 □ royal road to   way of attaining without trouble 捷径，坦途□ royally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French roial from Latin regalis REGAL]

Royal Air Force n.  the British air force (英国)皇家空军

royal assent n.  assent of the sovereign to a bill passed by Parliament 御准(君主对议会通过的议案之批准)

royal blue n. & adj. ●n.  a deep vivid blue 品蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 品蓝色的

Royal British Legion n. (in the UK) an association of ex-servicemen (and now women) formed in 1921 英国皇家军团(成立于 1921 年的退伍军人组织，现在包括退伍女兵)

royal burgh n. hist. (in Scotland) a burgh holding a charter from the Crown [史义] (苏格兰)敕准自治市

Royal Commission n. (in the UK) (英国)  1  a commission of inquiry appointed by the Crown at the instance of the Government 国王(或女王)应政府请求的调查任命 2  a committee so appointed (如此任命的)皇家专门调查委员会

royal duke n.  a duke who is also a royal prince 王室公爵(指有公爵爵位的王子)

Royal Engineers n. pl.  the engineering branch of the British army (英国)皇家工兵部队

royal family n.  the family to which a sovereign belongs 王室，皇家

royal fern n.  a fern, Osmunda regalis, with huge spreading fronds 王紫萁

royal flush n.  a straight poker flush headed by an ace 同花大顺(扑克牌戏中以 A 为首的同花色顺子)

royal icing n. esp. Brit.  a hard white icing made from icing sugar and egg whites [尤英] (用蛋清和糖粉做的较硬的)霜面，糖霜酥皮

Royal Institution n.  a British society founded in 1799 for the diffusion of scientific knowledge (成立于 1799 年的) (英国)皇家科学研究所

royalist /ˈrɔiəlist/ n.  1  a  a supporter of monarchy 君主主义者；保皇主义者b hist.  a supporter of the King against Parliament in the English Civil War [史义] (英国内战期间的)保王党成员，保皇党人 2 US  a reactionary, esp. a reactionary business tycoon [美]反动分子(尤指反动的实业界巨头) □ royalism  n.  

royal jelly n.  a substance secreted by honey bee workers and fed by them to future queen bees (蜜蜂工蜂分泌以喂养蜂王和幼蜂的)王浆

Royal Marine n.  a British marine (see 见 MARINE n. 2a) (英国)皇家海军陆战队

royal mast n.  a mast above a topgallant mast 顶桅

Royal Navy n.  the British navy (英国)皇家海军

royal oak n.  a sprig of oak worn on 29 May to commemorate the restoration of Charles II (1660), who hid in an oak after the battle of Worcester (1651) 保王栎枝(供 5 月 29 日佩带以纪念 1660 年查理二世王政复辟，查理二世于伍斯特战役后曾藏身于栎树中)

royal plural n.  = ROYAL‘WE’ 

royal prerogative  see 见 PREROGATIVE 2 

royal sail n.  a sail above a topgallant sail 顶桅帆

Royal Society n. (in full 全称 Royal Society of London)  a society founded in 1662 to promote scientific discussion (英国)皇家学会(成立于 1662 年，致力于促进科学研究)

royal stag n. Brit.  a stag with a head of 12 or more points [英]有 12 个以上角叉的雄鹿

royal standard n.  a banner bearing royal heraldic arms 王旗(上有皇家盾形纹章)

royal tennis n.  real tennis 庭院网球

royalty /ˈrɔiəlti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the office or dignity or power of a king or queen, sovereignty 王位；王威；王权，君权 2  a  royal persons 王室人员b  a member of a royal family 王室成员 3  a sum paid to a patentee for the use of a patent or to an author etc. for each copy of a book etc. sold or for each public performance of a work (专利权的)使用费；(著作的)版税；(作品的每次)公演费 4  a  a royal right (now esp. over minerals) granted by the sovereign to an individual or corporation (君主授予个人或公司的，现在尤指对矿产的)特许开采权b  a payment made by a producer of minerals, oil, or natural gas to the owner of the site or of the mineral rights over it (矿产、石油、天然气等开采者付给所有者的)开采权使用费，矿区租用费 [Middle English from Old French roialté (as ROYAL)]

Royal Victorian Chain n. (in the UK) an order founded by Edward VII in 1902 and conferred by the sovereign on special occasions (英国)维多利亚链章 (1902 年由爱德华七世设立，在特殊场合由君主授予)

Royal Victorian Order n. (in the UK) an order founded by Queen Victoria in 1896 and conferred usu. for great service rendered to the sovereign (英国)维多利亚勋章 (1896 年由女王维多利亚设立，通常授予对君主做出巨大贡献者)

royal warrant n.  a warrant authorizing a tradesperson to supply goods to a specified royal person (准许商人向英国王室供货的)英廷供货许可证

royal ‘we’ n.  the use of ‘we’ instead of ‘I’ by a single person (as traditionally by a sovereign) 朕(传统上君主的自称)

rozzer /ˈrɒzə/ n. Brit. slang  a police officer [英] [俚语]警察 [19th c.: origin unknown]

RP abbr. [缩略]  received pronunciation 

RPG abbr. [缩略]  1 Computing  report program generator, a high-level commercial programming language 【计算】报表程序的生成程序 2  rocket-propelled grenade 火箭榴弹 3  role-playing game 角色扮演游戏

RPI abbr. [缩略]  retail price index 

r.p.m. abbr. [缩略]  1  revolutions per minute 每分钟转数 2  resale price maintenance 

RPO abbr.  Royal Philharmonic Orchestra [缩略]皇家交响乐队

rpt abbr. [缩略]  repeat 

RR abbr. US [缩略] [美]  1  railroad  2  rural route 乡村邮递路线

RS abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Society  2 US Linguistics  Received Standard [美]【语言学】标准英语 3 (in the UK) Royal Scots (英国)皇家苏格兰团

Rs. abbr. [缩略]  rupee(s) 

RSA abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Society of Arts (英国)皇家艺术学会 2  Royal Scottish Academy; Royal Scottish Academician 皇家苏格兰艺术院(或艺术院会员) 3  Republic of South Africa 南非共和国

RSC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Royal Shakespeare Company (英国)皇家莎士比亚剧团 2 (in the UK) Royal Society of Chemistry (英国)皇家化学学会

RSE abbr.  Royal Society of Edinburgh [缩略]爱丁堡皇家学会

RSFSR abbr. hist.  Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic [缩略] [史义]俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国

RSI abbr. [缩略]  repetitive strain injury 

RSJ abbr.  rolled steel joist [缩略]轧制钢托梁

RSM abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Regimental Sergeant Major 

RSPB abbr. (in the UK) Royal Society for the Protection of Birds [缩略] (英国)皇家鸟类保护协会

RSPCA abbr. (in the UK) Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals [缩略] (英国)皇家防止虐待动物协会

RSV abbr. [缩略]  Revised Standard Version (of the Bible) 

RSVP abbr. (in an invitation etc.) please answer [缩略] (请柬等用语)请赐复，请回复 [French répondez s'il vous plaît]

RT abbr. [缩略]  1  radio-telegraphy  2  radio-telephony 

rt. abbr. [缩略]  right 

Rt. Hon. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Right Honourable 

Rt. Revd. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Rt. Rev.)  Right Reverend 

RU abbr. [缩略]  Rugby Union 

Ru symb. Chem.  the element ruthenium [符]【化】(化学元素)钌

rub1 /rʌb/ v. & n. ●v. (rubbed, rubbing)  1 tr.  move one's hand or another object with firm pressure over the surface of 擦，摩擦 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, in, on, over)  apply (one's hand etc.) in this way 用(手等)揉擦，按摩，摩擦 3 tr.  clean or polish or make dry or bare by rubbing 擦拭，擦亮，磨光；擦干，擦净 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  apply (polish, ointment, etc.) by rubbing 擦，涂(擦光剂、油膏等) 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into, through)  use rubbing to make (a substance) go into or through something 将…擦入某物 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 together)  move or slide (objects) against each other 使(物体)相擦(或滑过) 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, on)  move with contact or friction 碰触，摩擦 8 tr.  chafe or make sore by rubbing 擦热；擦痛，擦伤 9 intr. (of cloth, skin, etc.) become frayed or worn or sore or bare with friction (衣料等)磨损；(皮肤等)擦破 10 tr.  reproduce the design of (a sepulchral brass or a stone) by rubbing paper laid on it with heelball or coloured chalk etc. 摹拓，拓印(墓碑等的)图案 11 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  reduce to powder etc. by rubbing 将…磨成粉末等；磨碎 12 intr. Bowls (of a bowl) be slowed or diverted by the unevenness of the ground 【球戏】(滚木球戏中的球)由于场地不平而减速或转向 ●n.  1  a spell or an instance of rubbing (一阵)摩擦  give it a rub  把它擦一擦 2  a  an impediment or difficulty 障碍，困难  there's the rub  困难在这里b Bowls  an inequality of the ground impeding or diverting a bowl; the diversion or hindering of a bowl by this 【球戏】(滚木球戏中导致球减速或变向的)场地不平；(由此导致的)减速或转向 □ rub along  Brit. colloq.  cope or manage without undue difficulty [英口]勉强对付过去□ rub down   dry or smooth or clean by rubbing 擦拭；擦干；磨光滑；擦干净□ rub elbows with  US [美]  = rub shoulders with □ rub one's hands   rub one's hands together usu. in sign of keen satisfaction, or for warmth (由于极度满意或为了取暖而)搓手□ rub it in (or rub a person's nose in it)   emphasize or repeat an embarrassing fact etc. 强调或重复尴尬的事实等□ rub noses   rub one's nose against another's in greeting (打招呼时)用鼻子蹭对方的鼻子□ rub off   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  be transferred by contact, be transmitted (通过接触)被转移，被传递到；受到…影响  some of his attitudes have rubbed off on me  他的某些态度影响了我 2  remove by rubbing 擦去，抹掉□ rub on  Brit. colloq. [英口]  = rub along □ rub out   1  erase with a rubber 用橡皮擦掉 2 esp. N. Amer. slang  kill, eliminate [尤北美] [俚语]杀死，干掉□ rub shoulders with   associate or come into contact with (another person) 与(别人)交往或联系□ rub up   1  polish (a tarnished object) 擦亮，磨光(失去光泽的物体) 2 Brit.  brush up (a subject or one's memory) [英]复习；唤起(记忆) 3  mix (pigment etc.) into paste by rubbing 将(颜料等)调成糊状□ rub (or Brit. [英] rub up) the wrong way   irritate or repel as by stroking a cat against the lie of its fur 激怒，触犯，使反感 [Middle English rubben, perhaps from Low German rubben, of unknown origin]

rub2 /rʌb/ n.  = RUBBER2  [abbreviation]

rubato /rʊˈbɑ:təʊ/ n. & adj. Mus. 【音】  ●n. (pl. -os or rubati /-ti/)  the temporary disregarding of strict tempo 自由速度，散板 ●adj.  performed with a flexible tempo 以自由速度演奏的 [Italian, = robbed]

rubber1 /ˈrʌbə/ n.  1  a tough elastic polymeric substance made from the latex of plants or synthetically (合成)橡胶 2 esp. Brit.  a piece of this or another substance for erasing pencil or ink marks [尤英]橡皮 3 colloq.  a condom [口]避孕套 4 (in pl. 用复数) US  galoshes [美]橡胶套鞋 5  a person who rubs; a masseur or masseuse 摩擦(或擦拭)的人；按摩师 6  a  an implement used for rubbing 摩擦器；擦具；按摩器b  part of a machine operating by rubbing 靠摩擦运行的机器部件 □ rubbery  adj.  □ rubberiness  n.   [RUB1 + -ER1, from its early use to rub out pencil marks]

rubber2 /ˈrʌbə/ n.  1  a match of three or five successive games between the same sides or persons at whist, bridge, cricket, tennis, etc. (惠斯特牌、桥牌、板球、网球等的)胜局比赛(如三局两胜、五局三胜等) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the act of winning a majority of games in a rubber (三局两胜、五局三胜等)胜局比赛的获胜b  a deciding game when scores are level (平局时的)决胜赛 [origin unknown: used as a term in bowls from c. 1600]

rubber band n.  a loop of rubber for holding papers etc. together 橡皮筋

rubber bullet n.  a baton round made of rubber 橡皮子弹

rubberize /ˈrʌbəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat or coat with rubber 用橡胶(液)处理(或涂抹)

rubberneck /ˈrʌbənek/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a person, esp. a tourist, who cranes and stares inquisitively or stupidly (好奇或傻乎乎地)伸长脖子看的人(尤指观光者) ●v. intr.  act in this way (好奇或傻乎乎地)伸长脖子看

rubber plant n.  1  an evergreen plant, Ficus elastica, with dark green shiny leaves, often cultivated as a house plant 印度橡树，橡胶榕(常绿植物，树叶深绿而有光泽，常被作为室内植物栽培) 2 (also 亦作 rubber tree)  any of various tropical trees yielding latex, esp. Hevea brasiliensis 橡胶植物(尤指三叶橡胶)

rubber solution n.  a liquid drying to a rubber-like material, used esp. as an adhesive in mending rubber articles (修补橡胶品的)橡胶胶水；胶浆

rubber stamp n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for inking and imprinting on a surface 橡皮图章 2  a  a person who mechanically copies or agrees to others' actions 机械模仿或随声附和别人做法的人b  an indication of such agreement 机械同意的表示 ●v. tr. (作 rubber-stamp)  approve automatically without proper consideration 不经好好考虑地机械批准

rubbing /ˈrʌbiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of RUB1 v. 用于 RUB1 的动词各释义 2  an impression or copy made by rubbing (see 见 RUB1 v. 10) 摹拓品，拓印品

rubbish /ˈrʌbiʃ/ n. & v. ●n. esp. Brit.  1  waste material; debris, refuse, litter 废料，碎石，垃圾 2  worthless material or articles; junk 没有价值的材料(或物品)；废旧杂物 3 (often as 常作 int.)  absurd ideas or suggestions; nonsense 荒谬，胡说，废话 ●v. tr. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  criticize severely 严厉批评 2  reject as worthless (认为没有价值而)抵制，拒绝 □ rubbishy  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French rubbous etc., perhaps related to RUBBLE]

rubble /ˈrʌb(ə)l/ n.  1  waste or rough fragments of stone or brick etc. 碎石，碎砖，瓦砾 2  pieces of undressed stone used, esp. as filling, for walls (尤指填补墙壁用的未经加工的)石块，毛石，粗石 3 Geol.  loose angular stones etc. as the covering of some rocks 【地质】(覆盖某些岩石的)松动而有棱角的石块等 4  water-worn stones 卵石 □ rubbly  adj.   [Middle English robyl, rubel, of uncertain origin: perhaps related to Old French robe ‘spoils’]

rub-down n.  an instance of rubbing down 擦拭；擦干；磨光滑；擦干净

rube /ru:b/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a country bumpkin [北美口]土包子，乡巴佬 [abbreviation of the name Reuben]

rubella /rʊˈbelə/ n. Med.  an acute infectious virus disease with a red rash; German measles 【医】风疹 [modern Latin, neut. pl. of Latin rubellus ‘reddish’]

rubellite /ˈru:bəlait/ n.  a red variety of tourmaline 红电气石 [Latin rubellus ‘reddish’]

rubeola /rʊˈbi:ələ/ n. Med.  measles 【医】麻疹 [medieval Latin from Latin rubeus ‘red’]

Rubicon /ˈru:bik(ə)n, -ɒn/ n.  1  a boundary which once crossed signifies irrevocable commitment; a point of no return (一旦跨越便无法返回的)界线 2 (作 rubicon)  the act of winning a game in piquet before an opponent has scored 100 (皮克牌戏中在对手得到 100 分前的)获胜 [the ancient name of a stream forming the boundary of Julius Caesar's province and crossed by him in 49 BC as the start of a war with Pompey]

rubicund /ˈru:bik(ə)nd/ adj. (of a face, complexion, or person in these respects) ruddy, high-coloured (面色、肤色等)红润的；(人)气色好的 □ rubicundity  /-ˈkʌnditi/ n.   [French rubicond or Latin rubicundus, from rubēre ‘be red’]

rubidium /rʊˈbidiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silvery element occurring naturally in various minerals and as the radioactive isotope rubidium-87 (symbol 符 Rb) 【化】(化学元素)铷(天然存在于矿物中的银色柔软元素，放射性同位素铷 -87) [Latin rubidus ‘red’ (with reference to its spectral lines)]

rubiginous /rʊˈbidʒinəs/ adj. formal  rust-coloured [正式]锈色的，赤褐色的 [Latin rubigo- inis ‘rust’]

Rubik's cube /ˈru:biks/ n. propr.  a puzzle in which the aim is to restore the faces of a composite cube to single colours by rotating layers of constituent smaller cubes [商标]魔方 [named after E. Rubik (b. 1944), its Hungarian inventor]

ruble var.  of ROUBLE  ROUBLE 的变体

rub of the green n. (also 亦作 rub on the green) Golf  an accidental interference with the course or position of a ball 【高尔夫球】(对球的行进或位置的)意外干扰

rubric /ˈru:brik/ n.  1  a direction for the conduct of divine service inserted in a liturgical book (插入祈祷书中的)礼拜规则，仪式指示 2  a heading or passage in red or special lettering 红色或特殊字体的标题或段落 3  explanatory words 注释，说明；按语 4  an established custom 成规；习俗 □ rubrical  adj.   [Middle English from Old French rubrique, rubrice or Latin rubrica (terra) ‘red (earth or ochre)’ as writing material, related to rubeus ‘red’]

rubricate /ˈru:brikeit/ v. tr.  1  mark with red; print or write in red 用红色标明；用红字印刷(或书写) 2  provide with rubrics 加红色(或特殊字体的)标题或段落于；加注释(或说明)于 □ rubrication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rubricator  n.   [Latin rubricare from rubrica: see RUBRIC]

rub-up n.  the act or an instance of rubbing up 擦亮，磨光；温习；唤起记忆

ruby /ˈru:bi/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a rare precious stone consisting of corundum with a colour varying from deep crimson or purple to pale rose 红宝石 2  a glowing purplish-red colour 红宝石色，明亮的紫红色 ●adj.  of this colour 红宝石色的 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  dye or tinge with a ruby colour 把…染成红宝石色；使带有红宝石色 [Middle English via Old French rubi from medieval Latin rubinus (lapis) ‘red (stone)’, related to Latin rubeus ‘red’]

ruby glass n.  glass coloured with oxides of copper, iron, lead, tin, etc. (用铜、铁、铅、锡等的氧化物着色的)玻璃，红宝石色玻璃

ruby-tail n.  a wasp, Chrysis ignita, with a ruby-coloured hinder part 青蜂

ruby wedding n.  the fortieth anniversary of a wedding 红宝石婚(结婚 40 周年纪念)

RUC abbr.  Royal Ulster Constabulary [缩略] (英国)北爱尔兰皇家警察队

ruche /ru:ʃ/ n.  a frill or gathering of lace etc. as a trimming 褶裥饰边 □ ruched  adj.  □ ruching  n.   [French from medieval Latin rusca ‘tree-bark’, of Celtic origin]

ruck1 /rʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the main body of competitors not likely to overtake the leaders (不太可能领先的)一批竞赛者 2  an undistinguished crowd of persons or things 普通群众；(成堆的)一般性事物 3 Rugby  a loose scrum with the ball on the ground 【英式橄榄球】(球脱手落在地面时的)密集争球 4 Austral. Rules  a group of three players who follow the play without fixed positions 【澳式橄榄球】三人机动队员组 ●v. intr. Rugby & Austral. Rules  participate in a ruck 【英式橄榄球】【澳式橄榄球】加入密集争球；加入三人机动队员组 [Middle English, = stack of fuel, heap, rick: apparently Scandinavian, corresponding to Norwegian ruka in the same senses]

ruck2 /rʌk/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make or become creased or wrinkled 弄皱；起皱 ●n.  a crease or wrinkle 皱；褶 [Old Norse hrukka]

ruckle /ˈrʌk(ə)l/ v. & n. Brit. [英]  = RUCK2 

rucksack /ˈrʌksæk, ˈrʊk-/ n.  a bag slung by straps from both shoulders and resting on the back 帆布背包 [German, from rucken (dialect variant of Rücken ‘back’) + Sack SACK1]

ruckus /ˈrʌkəs/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a row or commotion [尤北美]吵嚷；骚动 [19th c.: perhaps related to RUCTION, RUMPUS]

ruction /ˈrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a disturbance or tumult 混乱，骚动 2 (in pl. 用复数)  unpleasant arguments or reactions 争吵，吵闹 [19th c.: origin unknown]

rudaceous /rʊˈdeiʃəs/ adj. (of rock) composed of fragments of relatively large size (岩石)砾状的，砾质的 [Latin rudus ‘rubble’]

rudbeckia /rʌdˈbekiə, ru:d-/ n.  a garden plant of the genus Rudbeckia (daisy family), native to N. America 金光菊属植物(产于北美) [modern Latin, named after O. Rudbeck, Swedish botanist d. 1740]

rudd /rʌd/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a freshwater fish, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, resembling a roach and having red fins 赤睛鱼，红眼鱼(淡水鱼，类似斜齿鳊，有红鳍) [apparently related to rud ‘red colour’ from Old English rudu, related to RED]

rudder /ˈrʌdə/ n.  1  a  a flat piece hinged vertically to the stern of a ship for steering (船)舵b  a vertical aerofoil pivoted from the tailplane of an aircraft, for controlling its horizontal movement (飞机尾翼上的)舵，方向舵 2  a guiding principle etc. 指导原则等 □ rudderless  adj.   [Old English rōther from West Germanic rōthra-, from the stem of ROW2]

ruddle /ˈrʌd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a red ochre, esp. of a kind used for marking sheep (尤指用来给羊做标记的)代赭石 ●v. tr.  mark or colour with or as with ruddle 用代赭石给…作标记(或着色) [related to obsolete rud: see RUDD]

ruddock /ˈrʌdək/ n. dial.  the robin redbreast [方]知更鸟 [Old English rudduc (as RUDDLE)]

ruddy /ˈrʌdi/ adj. & v. ●adj. (ruddier, ruddiest)  1  a (of a person or complexion) freshly or healthily red (人)气色好的；(脸色)红润的b (of health, youth, etc.) marked by this (健康、青春等)以气色健康、脸色红润为特征的 2  reddish 微红的，略带红色的 3 Brit. colloq.  bloody, damnable [英口]该死的 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or grow ruddy (使)变红 □ ruddily  adv.  □ ruddiness  n.   [Old English rudig (as RUDD)]

ruddy duck n.  an American duck, Oxyura jamaicensis, naturalized in Britain etc., the male of which has deep red-brown plumage 棕硬尾鸭(产于美洲，后引入英国等地，雄性有深红褐色羽毛)

rude /ru:d/ adj.  1 (of a person, remark, etc.) impolite or offensive (人、言辞等)无礼的；粗鲁的；冒犯的 2  roughly made or done; lacking subtlety or accuracy 粗制的；粗糙的；粗劣的；简陋的  a rude plough  粗制的犁 3  a  primitive or unsophisticated 原始的，未开化的；简单的，单纯的；幼稚的  rude simplicity  质朴b archaic  uneducated [古义]没有受过教育的，无知的 4  abrupt, sudden, startling, violent 意外的，突然的；惊人的；猛烈的，狂暴的  a rude awakening  惊醒 a rude reminder  突然的提醒 5 colloq.  indecent, lewd [口]下流的，淫秽的，淫荡的  a rude joke  下流笑话 6 esp. Brit.  vigorous or hearty [尤英]精力旺盛的，健壮的；精神饱满的，热诚的  rude health  十分健壮 □ be rude to   speak impolitely to; insult 对…讲粗话，侮辱□ rudely  adv.  □ rudeness  n.  □ rudery  n.  □ rudish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin rudis ‘unwrought’]

ruderal /ˈru:d(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a plant) growing on or in rubbish or rubble (植物)生长于垃圾或乱石中的 ●n.  a ruderal plant 生长于垃圾或乱石中的植物 [modern Latin ruderalis from Latin rudera, pl. of rudus ‘rubble’]

rudiment /ˈru:dim(ə)nt/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the elements or first principles of a subject 基础；基本原理；初级阶段，入门 2 (in pl. 用复数)  an imperfect beginning of something undeveloped or yet to develop 雏形；萌芽 3 Biol.  an undeveloped or immature part or organ, esp. a structure in an embryo or larva which will develop into an organ, limb, etc. 【生】(尤指胚胎或幼虫的)未发育成熟的器官(肢翅等) [French rudiment or Latin rudimentum (as RUDE, on the pattern of elementum ELEMENT)]

rudimentary /ru:diˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  1  involving basic principles; fundamental 基本的，初步的 2  incompletely developed; vestigial 发育不全的，未成熟的；已退化的 □ rudimentarily  /-ˈment(ə)rili/ adv.  □ rudimentariness  /-ˈment(ə)rinis/ n.  

Rudolf /ˈru:dɒlf/   鲁道夫 [人名]

Rudolph /ˈru:dɒlf/   鲁道夫 [人名]

rue1 /ru:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (rues, rued, rueing or ruing)  repent of; bitterly feel the consequences of; wish to be undone or non-existent (esp. 尤用于 rue the day 后悔) 对…感到后悔(或懊悔、悔恨) ●n. archaic [古义]  1  repentance; dejection at some occurrence 后悔；(对发生的事)感到沮丧 2  compassion or pity 同情，怜悯 [Old English hrēow, hrēowan]

rue2 /ru:/ n.  a perennial evergreen shrub, Ruta graveolens, with bitter strong-scented leaves formerly used in medicine 芸香(多年生常绿植物，叶味苦，旧时曾入药) [Middle English from Old French via Latin ruta from Greek rhutē]

rueful /ˈru:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  expressing sorrow or regret in a genuine or humorous way (真正地或诙谐地表示)后悔或难过的，悲哀的 □ ruefully  adv.  □ ruefulness  n.   [Middle English, from RUE1]

rufescent /rʊˈfes(ə)nt/ adj. Zool.  etc. reddish 【动】微红的，略带红色的 □ rufescence  n.   [Latin rufescere from rufus ‘reddish’]

ruff1 /rʌf/ n.  1  a projecting starched frill worn round the neck esp. in the 16th c. (尤指 16 世纪高而硬的)装饰领，轮状皱领 2  a projecting or conspicuously coloured ring of feathers or hair round a bird's or animal's neck (环绕鸟、兽颈部的)翎颌 3  a domestic pigeon like a jacobin 毛领鸽 4 (fem. reeve /ri:v/)  a wading bird, Philomachus pugnax, of which the male has a ruff and ear-tufts in the breeding season 流苏鹬 □ rufflike  adj.   [perhaps from ruff = ROUGH]

ruff2 /rʌf/ n. any of various rough-scaled fishes, esp. 鳞片粗糙的鱼，尤指 :  1 (usu. 通常作 ruffe)  a perch-like European freshwater fish, Gymnocephalus cernua 梅花鲈 2 esp. Austral. (in full 全称 tommy ruff)  an Australian marine food fish, Arripis georgianus, related to the Australian salmon; also called 亦称作 ROUGHY [尤澳]大眼澳鲈 [Middle English, probably from ROUGH]

ruff3 /rʌf/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr.  trump at cards 出将牌吃进(牌张) ●n.  an act of ruffing 将吃 [originally the name of a card game: from Old French roffle, rouffle, = Italian ronfa (perhaps alteration of trionfo TRUMP1)]

ruffe  see 见 RUFF2 1 

ruffian /ˈrʌfiən/ n.  a violent lawless person 流氓，暴徒，恶棍 □ ruffianism  n.  □ ruffianly  adv.   [French ruf(f)ian from Italian ruffiano, perhaps from dialect rofia ‘scurf’]

ruffle /ˈrʌf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  disturb the smoothness or tranquillity of 弄皱；使波动，使起涟漪，使起伏不平；使不平静，扰乱 2 tr.  upset the calmness of (a person) 使(某人)不安，打扰 3 tr.  gather (lace etc.) into a ruffle 将(饰带等)打褶裥 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a bird) erect (its feathers) in anger, display, etc. (鸟由于发怒或为了炫耀而)竖起(羽毛) 5 intr.  undergo ruffling 起伏不平，被弄皱；波动；被打扰 6 intr.  lose smoothness or calmness 起皱；失去平静 ●n.  1  an ornamental gathered or goffered frill of lace etc. worn at the opening of a garment esp. round the wrist, breast, or neck (尤指在衣服袖口、胸口、领口等开口处的)褶裥饰边 2  perturbation, bustle 扰乱，混乱，忙乱 3  a rippling effect on water (水的)波纹，涟漪 4  the ruff of a bird etc. (see 见 RUFF1 2) (环绕鸟等颈部的)翎颌 5 Mil.  a vibrating drum beat 【军】连续的击鼓声 [Middle English: origin unknown]

rufous /ˈru:fəs/ adj. (esp. of animals) reddish brown (尤指动物)红褐色的 [Latin rufus ‘red, reddish’]

Rufus /ˈru:fəs/   鲁弗斯 [人名]

rug /rʌɡ/ n.  1  a floor-mat of shaggy material or thick pile (小)地毯，毛毯 2 esp. Brit.  a thick woollen coverlet or wrap [尤英] (羊毛制的厚)盖毯，围毯 □ pull the rug from under   deprive of support; weaken, unsettle 拆…的台，破坏…的计划 [probably from Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian dialect rugga ‘coverlet’, Swedish rugg ‘ruffled hair’: related to RAG1]

rugby /ˈrʌɡbi/ n. (also 亦作 Rugby) (in full 全称 rugby football)  a team game played with an oval ball that may be kicked, carried, and passed from hand to hand 英式橄榄球运动 [Rugby School in the midlands of England, where it was first played]

Rugby League n.  partly professional rugby with teams of 13 (每队 13 人的半职业性)联盟制橄榄球

Rugby Union n.  amateur rugby with teams of 15 (每队 15 人的)业余英式橄榄球

rugged /ˈrʌɡid/ adj.  1 (of ground or terrain) having a rough uneven surface (地面或地形)高低不平的，崎岖的；多岩石的；多丘陵的 2 (of features) strongly marked; irregular in outline (面部特征)多皱纹的；粗线条的 3  a  unpolished; lacking gentleness or refinement 粗糙的，粗制的；粗鲁的，不文雅的  rugged grandeur  粗犷的壮丽b  harsh in sound 刺耳的，难听的c  austere, unbending 严厉的，严格的；坚决的，不屈的  rugged honesty  一丝不苟的诚实d  involving hardship 艰难的，艰苦的  a rugged life  艰苦生活 4 (esp. of a machine) robust, sturdy (尤指机器)坚固的，耐用的 □ ruggedly  adv.  □ ruggedness  n.   [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. RUG, and Swedish rugga ‘roughen’]

ruggedized /ˈrʌɡidaizd/ adj. esp. US (of a piece of equipment etc.) made hard-wearing or shock-resistant [尤美] (设备等)坚固耐用的，不易磨损的；抗震的 □ ruggedization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

rugger /ˈrʌɡə/ n. Brit. colloq.  rugby [英口]英式橄榄球

rugosa /ru:ˈɡəʊzə/ n.  a Japanese rose, Rosa rugosa, which has dark green wrinkled leaves and deep pink flowers 玫瑰(产于日本，叶深绿并有皱褶，开深粉色花) [Latin, fem. of rugosus (see RUGOSE) used as specific epithet]

rugose /ˈru:ɡəʊs, rʊˈɡəʊs/ adj. esp. Biol.  wrinkled, corrugated (尤)【生】多皱的；具皱纹的 □ rugosely  adv.  □ rugosity  /-ˈɡɒsiti/ n.   [Latin rugosus from ruga ‘wrinkle’]

ruin /ˈru:in/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a destroyed or wrecked state 毁灭(或破败)状态 2  a person's or thing's downfall or elimination (人或事物的)垮台，衰败，没落，破灭  the ruin of my hopes  我的希望的破灭 3  a  the complete loss of one's property or position (财产或地位的)完全丧失  bring to ruin  使彻底损失或失败b  a person who has suffered ruin 遭受彻底损失(或失败)者 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the remains of a building etc. that has suffered ruin (建筑物等的)废墟，遗迹  an old ruin  旧屋的废墟 ancient ruins  古代遗迹 5  a cause of ruin 毁灭(或彻底损失、失败等)的原因，祸根  will be the ruin of us  会成为我们的祸根 ●v.  1 tr.  a  bring to ruin 使毁灭(或彻底损失、失败等)，使没落  your extravagance has ruined me  你的奢侈已经毁了我b  utterly impair or wreck 彻底削弱，摧毁，毁坏  the rain ruined my hat  雨毁了我的帽子 2 tr. (esp. as 尤作 ruined adj.)  reduce to ruins 使成废墟 3 intr. poet.  fall headlong or with a crash [诗]头朝下跌落；哗啦一声掉下 □ in ruins   1  in a state of ruin 成了废墟 2  completely wrecked 被彻底毁坏  their hopes were in ruins  他们的希望彻底破灭了 [Middle English via Old French ruine from Latin ruina, from ruere ‘to fall’]

ruination /ru:iˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of bringing to ruin 毁灭，毁掉 2  the act of ruining or the state of being ruined 毁坏；垮台；没落；破灭；破败 [obsolete ruinate (as RUIN)]

ruinous /ˈru:inəs/ adj.  1  bringing ruin; disastrous 毁灭性的；破坏性的；危害性的；灾难性的  at ruinous expense  以灾难性的代价 2  in ruins; dilapidated 废墟中的；破败的；毁坏的 □ ruinously  adv.  □ ruinousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin ruinosus (as RUIN)]

rule /ru:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a principle to which an action conforms or is required to conform 规则，规定，规章，条例，准则 2  a prevailing custom or standard; the normal state of things 习惯，惯例；惯常的事，通常情况，正常情况 3  government or dominion 统治；管辖；控制  under British rule  属英国管辖 the rule of law  法律约束 4  a graduated straight measure used in carpentry etc.; a ruler (木工等用的)尺，直尺，刻度尺 5 Printing 【印刷】  a  a thin strip of metal for separating headings, columns, etc. 金属嵌线b  a thin line or dash 破折号 6  a code of discipline of a religious order (一个教会的)教条，教规 7 Law  an order made by a judge or court with reference to a particular case only 【法律】(法院或法官对特定案例的)裁决，裁定，命令 8 (Rules) Austral. [澳]  = AUSTRALIAN RULES  ●v.  1 tr.  exercise decisive influence over; keep under control 控制；支配 2 tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 over) intr.  have sovereign control of 统治；管理  rules over a vast kingdom  统治着一个大王国 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  pronounce authoritatively 裁决，裁定，判定  was ruled out of order  被判违反程序 4 tr.  a  make parallel lines across (paper) 在(纸)上划平行线b  make (a straight line) with a ruler etc. 用直尺等划(直线) 5 intr. (of prices or goods etc. in regard to price or quality etc.) have a specified general level; be for the most part (价格或质量等)普遍处于某个水平  the market ruled high  行情偏高 6 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by)  consent to follow (advice etc.); be guided by 答应接受(建议等)；以…为准则 □ as a rule   usually; more often than not 通常，一般说来□ by rule   in a regulation manner; mechanically 按规则，循规蹈矩地□ rule in   pronounce as included 宣布包括…在内□ rule out   exclude; pronounce irrelevant or ineligible 把…排除在外；宣布不合格(或与主题无关)□ rule the roost   be in control 主宰，当家作主，处于支配地位□ run the rule over  Brit.  examine cursorily for correctness or adequacy [英]粗略检查(是否正确或适当)□ ruleless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French reule, reuler from Late Latin regulare, from Latin regula ‘straight stick’]

Rule 43 n. (in the UK) a prison regulation whereby offenders can be isolated or segregated for their own protection (英国) (准许犯人被隔离保护的)监狱规定

rule of the road n.  the custom or law regulating which side of the road is to be taken by vehicles (also riders or ships) meeting or passing each other (公路车辆、骑车人或海上船只的)避免碰撞规则

rule of three n.  a method of finding a number in the same ratio to one given as exists between two others given 比例法(指已知 3 数时根据比例求第 4 数的方法)

rule of thumb n.  a rule for general guidance, based on experience or practice rather than theory (以经验或实践而非理论作一般指导的)经验法则

ruler /ˈru:lə/ n.  1  a person exercising government or dominion 统治者；管理者；支配者 2  a straight usu. graduated strip or cylinder of wood, metal, etc., used to draw lines or measure distance 尺，直尺；划线板 □ rulership  n.  

ruling /ˈru:liŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  an authoritative decision or announcement 裁决，裁定；规定 ●adj.  dominant, prevailing; currently in force 占支配地位的；普遍的；统治的；管理的  ruling prices  普遍的价格

ruling passion n.  a motive that habitually directs one's actions (人的行动的)习惯性动机

rum1 /rʌm/ n.  1  a spirit distilled from sugar cane residues or molasses 朗姆酒(一种通过将甘蔗渣或糖蜜蒸馏而酿制的酒) 2 N. Amer.  intoxicating liquor [北美]酒 [17th c.: perhaps abbreviation of contemporary forms rumbullion, rumbustion, of unknown origin]

rum2 /rʌm/ adj. (rummer, rummest) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  odd, strange, queer 古怪的，离奇的，奇异的，奇特的 2  difficult, dangerous 艰难的，困难的；危险的 □ rum go (or start)  colloq.  a surprising occurrence or unforeseen turn of affairs [口]令人吃惊的事件；意外的变化□ rumly  adv.  □ rumness  n.   [18th-c.: origin unknown]

Rumanian var.  of ROMANIAN  ROMANIAN 的变体

Rumansh var.  of ROMANSH  ROMANSH 的变体

rumba /ˈrʌmbə/ n. & v. (also 亦作 rhumba) ●n.  1  a dance originating among Cuban blacks 伦巴舞(起源于古巴黑人中的舞蹈) 2  a  a ballroom dance imitative of this (模仿古巴黑人舞蹈的)舞厅伦巴舞b  the music for it 伦巴舞曲 ●v. intr. (rumbas, rumbaed /-bəd/ or rumba'd, rumbaing /-bə(r)iŋ/)  dance the rumba 跳伦巴舞 [Latin American Spanish]

rum baba  see 见 BABA 

rumble /ˈrʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a continuous deep resonant sound as of distant thunder 隆隆作响，连续轰鸣；发出辘辘声 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 along, by, past, etc.) (of a person or vehicle) move with a rumbling noise (人或车辆)隆隆地行进；发出辘辘声行驶 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter or say with a rumbling sound 声音低沉地说，咕咕哝哝地说 4 tr. Brit. slang  find out about (esp. something illicit), discover the misbehaviour of (a person) [英] [俚语]发现(尤指违法行为)；发现(某人的)不轨行为 ●n.  1  a rumbling sound 隆隆声；辘辘声 2 N. Amer. slang  a street-fight between gangs [北美] [俚语]街头群架 □ rumbler  n.   [Middle English romble, probably from Middle Dutch rommelen, rummelen (imitative)]

rumble seat n. N. Amer.  an uncovered folding seat in the rear of a motor car [北美] (汽车尾部没有遮盖的)折叠座

rumble strip n.  a series of raised strips across a road or along its edge to make vehicles vibrate, warning drivers of speed restrictions or of the edge of the road 隆隆标志带，齿纹标志带(横穿路面的或路边的一系列条形隆起，使驶过的汽车颤动，用以警告司机减速或注意路边)

rumblings /ˈrʌmbliŋz/ n. pl.  early indications of some state of things or incipient change (事情状况或早期变化的)迹象，征兆  rumblings of discontent  不满的迹象

rumbustious /rʌmˈbʌstʃəs, -tiəs/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  boisterous, noisy, uproarious [尤英口]喧闹的，嘈杂的，闹哄哄的 □ rumbustiously  adv.  □ rumbustiousness  n.   [probably a variant of robustious ‘boisterous, ROBUST’]

rum butter n.  a rich sweet hard sauce made with rum, butter, and sugar 朗姆黄油甜酱(一种用朗姆酒、黄油和糖做的甜酱)

rumen /ˈru:men/ n. (pl. rumens or 或 rumina /-minə/)  the first stomach of a ruminant, in which food, esp. cellulose, is partly digested by bacteria 瘤胃(反刍动物的第一胃，食物(尤其是纤维素)在此得到部分消化) [Latin rumen ruminis ‘throat’]

ruminant /ˈru:minənt/ n. & adj. ●n.  an animal that chews the cud regurgitated from its rumen 反刍动物 ●adj.  1  of or belonging to ruminants (属于)反刍动物的 2  contemplative; given to or engaged in meditation 沉思的，冥想的 [Latin ruminari ruminant- (as RUMEN)]

ruminate /ˈru:mineit/ v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over, on, etc.) intr.  meditate, ponder 沉思，反复思考 2 intr. (of ruminants) chew the cud 反刍 □ rumination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ruminative  /-nətiv/ adj.  □ ruminatively  /-nətivli/ adv.  □ ruminator  n.  

rummage /ˈrʌmidʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 in, through, among) intr.  search, esp. untidily and unsystematically (尤指胡乱地)搜查，翻找 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, up)  find among other things 找到，翻出，搜出 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 about)  disarrange; make untidy in searching 弄乱，翻乱 ●n.  1  an instance of rummaging 搜查，乱翻 2  things found by rummaging; a miscellaneous accumulation 翻出(或搜出)的东西；杂乱的一堆 □ rummager  n.   [earlier as noun in obsolete sense ‘arranging of casks etc. in a hold’: Old French arrumage from arrumer ‘stow’ (as AD-, run ‘ship's hold’ from Middle Dutch ruim ROOM)]

rummage sale n. esp. N. Amer.  a jumble sale [尤北美]废旧杂货拍卖；清仓甩卖

rummer /ˈrʌmə/ n.  a large drinking glass 大酒杯 [related to Dutch roemer, Low German römer from roemen ‘praise, boast’]

rummy1 /ˈrʌmi/ n.  a card game played usu. with two packs, in which the players try to form sets and sequences of cards 拉米纸牌戏(通常用两副牌，玩牌者要尽量配同点牌和同花顺) [20th c.: origin unknown]

rummy2 /ˈrʌmi/ adj. (-ier, -iest) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = RUM2 

rumour /ˈru:mə/ n. & v. (US [美] rumor) ●n.  1  general talk or hearsay of doubtful accuracy 流言，谣言，谣传 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  a current but unverified statement or assertion 传闻，传言  heard a rumour that you are leaving  听到你要离开的传言 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  report by way of rumour 谣传；传言  it is rumoured that you are leaving  据说你要离开 you are rumoured to be leaving  据说你要离开 [Middle English via Old French rumur, rumor from Latin rumor -oris ‘noise’]

rumour-monger n. (US [美] rumormonger)  a spreader of rumours 造谣者，传播谣言者 □ rumour-mongering  n.  

rump /rʌmp/ n.  1  the hind part of a mammal, esp. the buttocks 哺乳动物的后部(尤指臀部) 2  a  a small or contemptible remnant 少量残余；低劣的残余部分b (作 the Rump) hist.  the remnant of the English Long Parliament 1648 － 53 or after its restoration in 1659 [史义]残余国会(指 1648 至 1653 年的英国长期国会或 1659 年复会后的国会) □ rumpless  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian]

rumple /ˈrʌmp(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become creased or ruffled 弄皱，使凌乱；变皱，变凌乱 □ rumply  adj.   [obsolete noun rumple from Middle Dutch rompel, from rompe ‘wrinkle’]

rump steak n.  a cut of beef from the rump 后腿部牛排，臀部牛排

rumpus /ˈrʌmpəs/ n. (pl. rumpuses) colloq.  a disturbance, brawl, row, or uproar [口]骚乱；争吵；喧闹 [18th c.: probably fanciful]

rumpus room n. N. Amer., Austral. & NZ  a room usu. in the basement of a house for games and play [北美澳新] (通常设于地下室的)娱乐室

run /rʌn/ v. & n. ●v. (running; past ran /ræn/; past part. run)  1 intr.  go with quick steps on alternate feet, never having both or all feet on the ground at the same time 跑，奔跑 2 intr.  flee, abscond 逃，逃跑；潜逃 3 intr.  go or travel hurriedly, briefly, etc. 赶快，快速赶路 4 intr.  a  advance by or as by rolling or on wheels, or smoothly or easily 滑动；滚动，转动；快速行进b  be in action or operation 行动；运行，运转  left the engine running  让引擎运转 5 intr.  be current or operative; have duration 正流通；正运行(或运转)；在实施，在生效  the lease runs for 99 years  租约有效期为 99 年 6 intr. (of a bus, train, etc.) travel or be travelling on its route (公共汽车、火车等)沿路线(或轨道)行驶  the train is running late  火车晚点了 7 intr. (of a play, exhibition, etc.) be staged or presented (戏剧等)上演；(展览等)展出；放映  is now running at the Apollo  正在阿波罗剧院上演 8 intr.  extend; have a course or order or tendency 延伸，伸展；有某种趋势  the road runs by the coast  道路沿海岸线延伸 prices are running high  价格在升高 9  a intr.  compete in a race 赛跑b intr.  finish a race in a specified position 赛跑取得某名次c tr.  compete in (a race) 参加(跑步)比赛 10 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  seek election 竞选  ran for president  竞选总统 11  a intr. (of a liquid etc.) flow, drip profusely (液体等大量)流，涌，淌b tr.  flow with 充满，流满c intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  flow or be wet; drip 流着；滴着；变湿  his face ran with sweat  他的脸上淌着汗水 12 tr.  a  cause (water etc.) to flow 使(水等)流b  fill (a bath) with water 把(浴缸)放满水 13 intr.  spread or pass rapidly 快速传遍，蔓延，扩散  a shiver ran down my spine  我浑身一阵哆嗦 14 intr. Cricket (of a batsman) run from one wicket to the other in scoring a run 【板球】(击球队员)跑动 15 tr.  traverse or make one's way through or over (a course, race, or distance) 跑过(一段路程、赛程、距离等) 16 tr.  perform (an errand) 跑(腿) 17 tr.  publish (an article etc.) in a newspaper or magazine (在报刊杂志上)发表(文章等) 18  a tr.  cause (a machine or vehicle etc.) to operate 开动(机器或车辆等)，使运行b intr. (of a mechanism or component etc.) move or work freely (机械装置或部件等)自由运行，运转 19 tr.  direct or manage (a business etc.) 经营，管理(生意等) 20 tr.  own and drive (a vehicle) regularly 使(车辆)定时往来(于两地间) 21 tr.  take (a person) for a journey in a vehicle 开车送(某人)  shall I run you to the shops?  我开车送你去商店好吗？ 22 tr.  cause to run or go in a specified way 使以某种特定方式运行或运动  ran the car into a tree  驾车撞上一棵树 23 tr.  enter (a horse etc.) for a race 使(马等)参加比赛 24 tr.  smuggle (guns etc.) 偷运，走私(枪支等) 25 tr.  chase or hunt 驱赶，追赶；搜寻，猎取 26 tr.  allow (an account) to accumulate for a time before paying 使(欠账)积累，积欠(账款)，挂(账) 27 intr. Naut. (of a ship etc.) go straight and fast 【海】(船只等)快速直线行进 28 intr. (of salmon) go upriver from the sea (鲑鱼在产卵期)洄游 29 intr. (of a colour in a fabric) spread from the dyed parts (织物上的染料)渗化；(织物)渗色 30  a intr. (of a thought, the eye, the memory, etc.) pass in a transitory or cursory way (念头、眼神、记忆等)掠过，闪过，萦绕  ideas ran through my mind  一些想法掠过我的脑海b tr.  cause (one's eye) to look cursorily 使(目光)掠过，扫视，浏览  ran my eye down the page  迅速浏览了这一页 31 intr. (of hosiery) ladder (袜子)抽丝；(针织品)脱针 32 intr. (of a candle) gutter (蜡烛)淌蜡 33 intr. (of an orifice, esp. the eyes or nose) exude liquid matter (尤指眼或鼻等)流出液体 34 tr.  sew (fabric) loosely or hastily with running stitches 粗略(或匆忙)缝制(织物) 35 tr.  turn (cattle etc.) out to graze 放牧(牛等) ●n.  1  an act or spell of running (一阵)奔跑，跑 2  a short trip or excursion, esp. for pleasure 短途旅行(尤指为寻找乐趣的兜风、游览) 3  a distance travelled 行程 4  a general tendency of development or movement (发展或运动的)总体趋势 5  a rapid motion 快速的运动 6  a regular route 经常性的路线 7  a continuous or long stretch or spell or course (东西的)一段；连续；一段时间；一连串  a metre's run of wiring  1 米长的一段配线 had a run of bad luck  碰到一连串的厄运 8 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  a high general demand (for a commodity, currency, etc.) (对商品的)争购；(对货币的)挤兑  a run on the dollar  对美元的挤兑b  a sudden demand for repayment by a large number of customers of (a bank) (银行大批储户的)挤提 9  a quantity produced in one period of production 一段时间的产量  a print run  一次印刷量 10  a general or average type or class 总体(或平均)类型或等级  not typical of the general run  不能代表总体水平 11  a Cricket  a point scored by the batsmen each running to the other's wicket, or an equivalent point awarded for some other reason 【板球】(击球手的)跑动得分b Baseball  a point scored usu. by the batter returning to the plate after touching the other bases 【棒球】(击球手的)跑垒得分 12 (foll. by 后跟 of)  free use of or access to 对…的自由使用；自由出入  had the run of the house  可以自由出入这幢房子 13  a  an animal's regular track (动物)经常出没的路径b  an enclosure for fowls, rabbits, etc. (家禽、兔等的)饲养场c  a range of pasture 牧场 14  a ladder in hosiery (袜子的)抽丝；(针织品的)脱针 15 Mus.  a rapid scale passage 【音】急奏，走句 16  a class or line of goods (货物的)种类，等级 17  a batch or drove of animals born or reared together (同时出生或饲养的动物的)一群，一批 18  a shoal of fish in motion 洄游的鱼群 19  a trough for water to run in 水槽 20 US  a small stream or brook [美]小溪，小河 21  a  a single journey, esp. by an aircraft (尤指飞机的)单程b (of an aircraft) a flight on a straight and even course at a constant speed before or while dropping bombs (飞机投掷炸弹前或投掷时的)稳定水平飞行c  an offensive military operation 军事进攻 □ at a (or the) run   running 奔跑着(的)□ on the run   1  escaping, running away 奔逃着 2  hurrying about from place to place 奔忙着，奔波着□ run about   1  bustle; hurry from one person or place to another 奔忙，奔波 2 (esp. of children) play or wander without restraint (尤指儿童)无拘无束地奔跑玩耍□ run across   1  happen to meet 碰巧遇上；偶然发现 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  make a brief journey or a flying visit (to a place) 对(某地)作短暂旅行(或访问)□ run after   1  pursue with attentions; seek the society of 追求(异性) 2  give much time to (a pursuit etc.) 孜孜以求 3  pursue at a run 追逐，追赶□ run against   1 archaic  happen to meet [古义]偶然遇到 2  compete against, esp. in a political contest (尤指在政治交锋中)与…竞争□ run along  colloq.  depart [口]离开，走开□ run around   1 Brit.  take from place to place by car etc. [英] (用车等)载送 2  deceive or evade repeatedly 反复欺骗；反复逃避 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) colloq.  engage in sexual relations (esp. casually or illicitly) [口] (尤指随意或非法地) (与某人)有性关系；私通□ run at   attack by charging or rushing 向…冲去；突然袭击□ run away   1  get away by running; flee, abscond 跑开；逃跑，潜逃 2  elope 私奔，出走 3 (of a horse) bolt (马)脱缰奔逃，惊跑□ run away with   1  carry off (a person, stolen property, etc.) 携(某人、赃物等)跑掉 2  win (a prize) easily 轻易赢得(奖品) 3  accept (a notion) hastily 轻率接受(意见) 4 (of expense etc.) consume (money etc.) 消耗，花费(钱财等) 5 (of a horse) bolt with (a rider, a carriage or its occupants) (马)拖着(骑手、马车或车上人)狂跑，惊跑 6  leave home to have a relationship with 与…私奔 7  deprive of self-control or common sense 使失控，使丧失理智  let his ideas run away with him  让他想入非非□ run a blockade   see 见 BLOCKADE □ run down   1  knock down or collide with 把…撞倒；与…相撞 2  reduce the strength or numbers of (resources) 削弱，削减(财富资源等) 3 (of an unwound clock etc.) stop (钟表等)停下 4 (of a person or a person's health) become feeble from overwork or undernourishment (人、健康状况等由于劳累或营养不良而)变虚弱，衰弱，疲惫 5  discover after a search 搜查到，查找到 6  disparage 诋毁，贬低□ run dry   cease to flow, be exhausted 断流；枯竭□ run for it   seek safety by fleeing 逃跑躲避；逃命□ a run (or a good run) for one's money   1  vigorous competition 激烈的竞争 2  pleasure derived from an activity 活动(或行动)得来的乐趣 3  return for outlay or effort (代价、努力的)回报□ run foul (N. Amer. also [北美亦] afoul) of   1 Naut.  collide or become entangled with (another vessel etc.) 【海】与(另一艘船只等)相撞或相缠结 2  act contrary to; go against 与…冲突，反对，抵触  ran foul of their code of practice  与他们的一般做法相抵触□ run the gauntlet   see 见 GAUNTLET2 □ run a person hard (or close)   press a person severely in a race or competition, or in comparative merit (竞争、比赛或比较中)将某人逼得很紧，是某人的劲敌□ run high   1 (of the sea) have a strong current with a high tide (海水)波涛汹涌 2 (of feelings) be strong (情绪)高涨□ run in   1 Brit.  run (a new engine or vehicle) carefully in the early stages [英]使(新的引擎或车辆)试运行，磨合 2 colloq.  arrest [口]逮捕，拘留 3 (of a combatant) rush to close quarters (战士)短兵相接 4  incur (a debt) 招致(债务)□ run in the family  (of a trait) be common in the members of a family (特征)为家庭成员所共有□ run into   1  collide with 与…相撞 2  encounter 相遇；遭遇 3  reach as many as (a specified figure) 共计，达到(某一数目) 4  fall into (a practice, absurdity, etc.) 投入(实践等)；陷入(荒谬等) 5  be continuous or coalesce with 与…连结，与…混合□ run into the ground  colloq.  bring (a person) to exhaustion etc. [口]使(某人)筋疲力尽，使耗尽□ run it fine   see 见 FINE1 □ run its course   follow its natural progress; be left to itself 自然发展，听其自然□ run low (or short)   become depleted, have too little 快耗尽，不足  our tea ran low  我们的茶叶快没了 we ran short of sugar  我们的糖不够了□ run off   1  flee 逃跑 2  produce (copies etc.) on a machine 印出；打印出；复印出 3  decide (a race or other contest) after a series of heats or in the event of a tie (一系列预赛后或平局时)定下(决赛或加赛) 4  flow or cause to flow away (使)流掉 5  write or recite fluently 流畅地写出；流利地背出 6  digress suddenly 突然离题□ run off one's feet  Brit.  very busy [英]非常忙碌□ run on   1 (of written characters) be joined together (字)被连笔写 2  continue in operation 连续运行或操作 3  elapse (时间)消逝，流逝 4  speak volubly 滔滔不绝 5  talk incessantly 喋喋不休 6 Printing  continue on the same line as the preceding matter 【印刷】使(排字材料)不间断，不换行，接排，连排□ run out   1  come to an end; become used up 结束；被用尽 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  exhaust one's stock of 用尽储备，耗尽，花光 3 Cricket  put down the wicket of (a batsman who is running) 【板球】将(击球手)杀出局 4  escape from a container 流出(或漏出) (容器) 5 (of rope) pass out; be paid out (绳子)放完；被放出 6  jut out 伸出，突出 7 Brit.  come out of a contest in a specified position etc. or complete a required score etc. [英] (比赛)取得某个名次或成绩等  they ran out worthy winners  他们成为毫无争议的优胜者 8  complete (a race) 比完(一场比赛) 9  advance (a gun etc.) so as to project 举(枪等)以射击 10  exhaust oneself by running 跑得筋疲力尽□ run out on  colloq.  desert (a person) [口]抛弃，遗弃(某人)□ run over   1  overflow 溢出，流出 2  study or repeat quickly 迅速学；迅速重复 3 (of a vehicle or its driver) pass over, knock down or crush (车辆或司机)驶过；撞倒；压过 4  touch (the keys of a piano etc.) in quick succession (手指)飞快触动(琴键等)弹奏 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  go quickly by a brief journey or for a flying visit 作短暂旅行或访问□ run ragged   exhaust (a person) 使(某人)筋疲力尽□ run rings round   see 见 RING1 □ run riot   see 见 RIOT □ run a (or the) risk   see 见 RISK □ the runs  colloq.  diarrhoea [口]腹泻□ run the show  colloq.  dominate in an undertaking etc. [口]主管，支配某事□ run a temperature   be feverish 发烧，发热□ run through   1  examine or rehearse briefly 简要检查；简单排练 2  peruse 匆匆阅读 3  deal successively with 接连处理 4  consume (an estate etc.) by reckless or quick spending 挥霍掉(财产等)，很快花光 5  pass through by running 跑步穿过 6  pervade 贯穿，遍及 7  pierce with a sword etc. (用剑等)刺，刺穿 8  draw a line through (written words) 划掉(文字等)□ run to   1  have the money or ability for 有钱做…；有能力做… 2  reach (an amount or number) 共计，达到(某一数量或数字) 3 (of a person) show a tendency to (人)有…的倾向，趋于  runs to fat  有长胖趋势 4  a  be enough for (some expense or undertaking) 足够，足以(开销或承担某事)b  have the resources or capacity for 具有做…的资源(或财力、能力) 5  fall into (ruin) 落入，陷入(破产、毁灭等)□ run to earth (or to ground)   1 Hunting  chase to its lair 【狩猎】追赶到巢穴 2  discover after a long search 长时间搜寻后发现□ run to meet   anticipate (one's troubles etc.) 预先准备好应付(麻烦等)□ run to seed   see 见 SEED □ run up   1  accumulate (a debt etc.) quickly 迅速积欠(债务等) 2  build or make hurriedly 匆忙建造(或制作) 3  raise (a flag) 升(旗) 4  grow quickly 迅速生长 5  rise in price (价格)上涨 6 (foll. by 后跟 to)  amount to 达到，总计 7  force (a rival bidder) to bid higher 迫使(竞标者)出更高价 8  add up (a column of figures) 将(一栏数字)累加 9 (foll. by 后跟 to)  go quickly by a brief journey or for a flying visit 做短暂的旅行或访问□ run up against   meet with (a difficulty or difficulties) 遇到(困难)□ run upon  (of a person's thoughts etc.) be engrossed by; dwell upon (人的思想等)专注于□ run wild   grow or stray unchecked or undisciplined or untrained 蔓延滋长；变得失去控制(或约束)；撒野起来，放肆起来□ runnable  adj.   [Old English rinnan]

runabout /ˈrʌnəbaʊt/ n.  a light car, aircraft, or (esp. US) motor boat 敞篷小汽车，小飞机，[尤美]小汽艇

run-around n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 give a person the run-around)  deceit or evasion 欺骗；躲避；搪塞，推托

runaway /ˈrʌnəwei/ n.  1  a fugitive 逃跑者，逃亡者 2  an animal or vehicle that is running out of control 失控的动物(或车辆) 3 (作 attrib.)  a  that is running away or out of control 逃跑的；控制不住的；压倒性的  runaway inflation  恶性通货膨胀 had a runaway success  取得巨大的胜利b  done or performed after running away 逃跑后做的  a runaway wedding  逃跑(或私奔)后的婚礼

runcible spoon /ˈrʌnsib(ə)l/ n.  a fork curved like a spoon, with three broad prongs, one edged 叉匙(一种有三根阔齿的匙状餐具，其中一齿带刃) [nonsense word used by E. Lear, English humorist (d. 1888), perhaps suggested by rouncival, a large variety of pea]

runcinate /ˈrʌnsinət/ adj. Bot. (of a leaf) saw-toothed, with lobes pointing towards the base 【植】(叶子)倒(锯)齿状的，倒向羽裂的 [modern Latin runcinatus from Latin runcina PLANE2 (formerly taken to mean ‘saw’)]

rundown n. & adj. ●n. /ˈrʌndaʊn/  1  a reduction in numbers 减少；裁减；缩减 2  a detailed analysis 详细的分析 ●adj. /rʌnˈdaʊn/ (作 run-down)  1  decayed after prosperity 盛后而衰的，衰败的 2  enfeebled through overwork etc. (由于过度劳累等而)虚弱的，衰弱的

rune /ru:n/ n.  1  any of the letters of the earliest Germanic alphabet used by Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons from about the 3rd c. and formed by modifying Roman or Greek characters to suit carving 如尼字母，如尼文(一种北欧等地的古文字，源自为便于雕刻将希腊、罗马字母改动而形成的早期日尔曼字母，自从大约 3 世纪开始被斯堪的纳维亚人及盎格鲁－萨克逊人使用) 2  a similar mark of mysterious or magic significance (与上述文字类似的)神秘(或魔力)符号 3  a Finnish poem or a division of it 芬兰诗(或诗章) □ runic  adj.   [Old Norse rún (only in pl. rúnar) ‘magic sign’, related to Old English rūn]

rune-staff n.  1  a magic wand inscribed with runes 刻有如尼文的魔杖 2  a runic calendar (北欧)如尼文历书

rung1 /rʌŋ/ n.  1  each of the horizontal supports of a ladder 梯子的横档 2  a strengthening crosspiece in the structure of a chair etc. (椅子等上起加固作用的)横档 □ runged  adj.  □ rungless  adj.   [Old English hrung]

rung2 past part.  of RING2  

run-in n.  1  the approach to an action or event (行动或事件的)前奏 2 colloq.  a quarrel [口]吵架，争吵

runlet /ˈrʌnlit/ n.  a small stream 小溪，小河

runnel /ˈrʌn(ə)l/ n.  1  a brook or rill 小溪，小河； (冲蚀而成的)水沟 2  a gutter 排水沟 [later form (assimilated to RUN) of rinel from Old English rynel (as RUN)]

runner /ˈrʌnə/ n.  1  a person, horse, etc., that runs, esp. in a race 奔跑者；奔跑的马(尤指参赛者) 2  a  a creeping plant stem that can take root 长匐茎，纤匐枝b  a twining plant 缠绕植物 3  a rod or groove or blade on which a thing slides 滑杆；滑槽；滑道 4  a sliding ring on a rod etc. (在滑杆上滑动的)滑圈 5  a messenger, scout, collector, or agent for a bank etc.; a tout 信使；传令兵；通讯员；收款员；兜售者，推销员 6 hist.  a police officer [史义]警官 7  a running bird 奔跑的鸟，走禽 8  a slang  a smuggler of a specified kind [俚语] (某种商品的)走私者，偷运者  drug runner  毒品走私者b  = BLOCKADE-RUNNER  9  a revolving millstone 转动的磨石 10 Naut.  a rope in a single block with one end round a tackle-block and the other having a hook 【海】滑车动索，游动绞辘 11 (in full 全称 runner bean)  a  a twining bean plant, Phaseolus coccineus, with red flowers and long green seed pods (缠绕豆类植物，开红花，结长豆荚 ; also called 亦称作 scarlet runner) 红花菜豆b  the bean from this 红花菜豆的豆 12  each of the long pieces on the underside of a sledge etc. that forms the contact in sliding (雪橇等的)滑板，雪板；(冰鞋的)冰刀 13  a roller for moving a heavy article (移动重物的)滚杠，滚子 14  a long narrow ornamental cloth or rug 长条饰布，长条地毯 □ do a runner  Brit. slang  leave hastily; abscond [英] [俚语]匆忙离开；潜逃

runner-up n. (pl. runners-up or runner-ups)  the competitor or team taking second place 第二名，亚军

running /ˈrʌniŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the action of a runner 跑，奔跑b  the sport of racing on foot 赛跑 2  the way a race etc. proceeds (赛跑时的)跑道状况，路面状况 ●adj.  1  continuing on an essentially continuous basis though changing in detail (基本不变地)继续的，持续的  a running battle  持续进行的战役 2  consecutive; one after another 接连的，接二连三的  three days running  连续 3 天 3  done with a run 以奔跑方式完成的，奔跑进行的  a running jump  奔跑起跳 □ in (or out of) the running  (of a competitor) with a good (or poor) chance of winning (竞争者)非常有(或几乎没有)取胜机会□ make (or take up) the running   take the lead; set the pace 领先，领跑；带头□ take a running jump  (esp. as 尤作 int.) colloq.  go away [口]滚开，走开

running account n. Brit.  a current account [英]往来账户

running back n. Amer. Football  a back whose main task is to run carrying the ball 【美式橄榄球】(携球奔跑的)跑动后卫

running-board n.  a footboard on either side of a vehicle (车辆的)踏板，脚蹬板

running commentary n.  an oral description of events as they occur 现场解说

running fire n.  successive shots from a line of troops etc. (一排士兵等的)连续射击

running gear n.  1  the moving parts of a machine, esp. the wheels, steering, and suspension of a vehicle (尤指车辆等的)传动装置 2  the rope and tackle used in handling a boat 张帆索具，动索

running hand n.  writing in which the pen etc. is not lifted after each letter 连笔字体，草书

running head n. (also 亦作 running headline)  a heading printed at the top of a number of consecutive pages of a book etc. (书等的)页眉标题，页首标题，栏外标题

running knot n.  a knot that slips along the rope etc. and changes the size of a noose 活扣，活结，滑结

running light n.  1  = NAVIGATION LIGHT  2  each of a small set of lights on a motor vehicle that remain illuminated while the vehicle is running 行车灯(车辆行驶时一直亮着的各个小灯)

running mate n. esp. US [尤美]  1  a candidate for a secondary position in an election 竞选伙伴，副职候选人 2  a horse entered in a race in order to set the pace for another horse from the same stable which is intended to win 领跑马，带跑马(来自同一马厩的，为赛马定步速的马)

running repairs n. pl.  minor or temporary repairs etc. to machinery while in use (对使用中的机器的)小检修，临时检修

running rope n.  a rope that is freely movable through a pulley etc. (穿过滑轮等的)动索

running sore n.  a suppurating sore 化脓处，脓疮

running stitch n.  1  a line of small non-overlapping stitches for gathering etc. 平伏针迹(一行用以缝合的不重叠的小针脚) 2  one of these stitches 平伏针迹的一针

running water n.  water flowing in a stream or from a tap etc. 流水，活水；自来水

runny /ˈrʌni/ adj. (runnier, runniest)  1  tending to run or flow 有跑动或流动倾向的 2  excessively fluid 水分过多的

run-off n.  1  an additional competition, election, race, etc., after a tie or inconclusive result (不分胜负时的)加赛；(得不出结果后的)决胜选举 2  an amount of rainfall that is carried off an area by streams and rivers (降水的)径流量 3 NZ  a separate area of land where young animals etc. are kept [新]幼畜等围养地

run-of-the-mill adj.  ordinary, undistinguished 普通的，平凡的

run-out n. Cricket  the dismissal of a batsman by being run out 【板球】击球手的出局

runt /rʌnt/ n.  1  a small pig or other animal, esp. the smallest in a litter 仔猪；小动物(尤指一窝中最小的仔畜) 2  a weakling; an undersized person 虚弱者；矮小者 3  a large domestic pigeon 大种家鸽 4  a small ox or cow, esp. of various Scottish Highland or Welsh breeds 小种牛(尤指苏格兰高地或威尔士品种) □ runty  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

run-through n.  1  a rehearsal 排练；演习；预演 2  a brief survey 浏览；概述，摘要

run-up n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  the period preceding an important event (重要事件的)前奏，预备期，酝酿期，前导期 2 Golf  a low approach shot 【高尔夫球】低空球

runway /ˈrʌnwei/ n.  1  a specially prepared surface along which aircraft take off and land (机场的)跑道 2  a trail to an animals' watering place (动物的)饮水路径 3  an incline down which logs are slid (运木材的)滑道 4  a raised gangway in a theatre, fashion show, etc. (剧院、时装表演等的)延伸台道

rupee /ru:ˈpi:/ n.  the chief monetary unit of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, and the Seychelles 卢比(印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、尼泊尔、毛里求斯、塞舌尔的主要货币单位) [Hindustani rūpiyah from Sanskrit rūpya ‘wrought silver’]

Rupert /ˈru:pət/   鲁珀特 [人名]

rupestrian /ru:ˈpestriən/ adj. (of art) done on rock or cave walls (艺术)在岩石上的，在洞壁上的 [modern (botanical) Latin rupestris ‘found on rocks’, from Latin rupes ‘rock’]

rupiah /ru:ˈpi:ə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Indonesia 卢比(印度尼西亚主要货币单位) [as RUPEE]

rupture /ˈrʌptʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of breaking; a breach 破裂，裂开 2  a breach of harmonious relations; a disagreement and parting (和谐关系的)破裂，决裂；不和；断交 3 Med.  an abdominal hernia 【医】疝 ●v.  1 tr.  break or burst (a cell or membrane etc.) 使(细胞或体膜等)裂开，破裂 2 tr.  sever (a connection) 断绝(关系) 3 intr.  undergo a rupture 裂开，断裂；破裂 4 tr. & intr.  affect with or suffer a hernia (使)发疝气 □ rupturable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French rupture or Latin ruptura, from rumpere rupt- ‘break’]

rural /ˈrʊər(ə)l/ adj.  in, of, or suggesting the country (opp. 反义 URBAN); pastoral or agricultural (在)乡村的；有乡村特色的，关于乡村的；田园的；农业的  in rural seclusion  在乡村隐居 a rural constituency  乡村选区 □ ruralism  n.  □ ruralist  n.  □ rurality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ ruralize  v. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ ruralization  /-laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ rurally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French rural or Late Latin ruralis, from rus ruris ‘the country’]

rural dean  see 见 DEAN1 1b 

rural district n. Brit. hist.  a group of country parishes governed by an elected council [英史义]乡区(由选举出的地区自治会管辖的若干乡村教区)

Ruritanian /rʊəriˈteiniən/ adj.  relating to or characteristic of romantic adventure or its setting 具有浪漫冒险特色的；浪漫冒险场景的；有关浪漫冒险(场景)的 [Ruritania, an imaginary setting in SE Europe in the novels of Anthony Hope (d. 1933)]

rusa /ˈru:sə/ n.  a large Indonesian deer, Cervus timorensis 黑鹿(一种大型印度尼西亚鹿) [modern Latin former genus name, from Malay]

ruse /ru:z/ n.  a stratagem or trick 计策；诡计 [Middle English from Old French, from ruser ‘drive back’, perhaps ultimately from Latin rursus ‘backwards’: cf. RUSH1]

rush1 /rʌʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  go, move, or act precipitately or with great speed 冲，奔；迅速移动(或运动)，猛然行动 2 tr.  move or transport with great haste 使匆促行进；急送  was rushed to hospital  被火速送往医院 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  a  move suddenly and quickly towards 突然冲向，突然奔向b  begin impetuously 匆忙开始，冒然开始，妄动 4 tr.  perform or deal with hurriedly 仓促执行，仓促完成，匆忙处理  don't rush your dinner  别急急忙忙地吃饭 the bill was rushed through Parliament  议案被议会匆匆通过 5 tr.  force (a person) to act hastily 催促，使赶紧 6 tr.  attack or capture by sudden assault 突袭；突破；攻占 7 tr. Amer. Football  charge in order to hinder (esp. the quarterback) 【美式橄榄球】(尤指对四分卫)跑动阻截 8 tr. Brit. slang  overcharge (a customer) [英] [俚语]向(顾客)敲竹杠 9 tr. US  pay attentions to (a person), esp. when recruiting for a fraternity or sorority [美] (尤指大学生联谊会新收会员时)对(某人)关注 10 tr.  pass (an obstacle) with a rapid dash 冲越(障碍) 11 intr.  flow, fall, spread, or roll impetuously or fast 急速地涌流(掉落、扩展、滚动等)  felt the blood rush to my face  感到血一下子涌上我的脸 the river rushes past  河水奔腾而过 ●n.  1  a  an act of rushing; a violent advance or attack 冲，奔，迅速行动；猛进，突袭b  a sudden flow or flood 奔涌，突然泛滥 2  a period of great activity 繁忙时刻，高峰时期 3 (作 attrib.)  done with great haste or speed 匆忙，仓促  a rush job  匆忙完成的活 4  a sudden migration of large numbers 大批而突然的迁移(或迁徙) 5 (foll. by 后跟 on, for)  a sudden strong demand for a commodity (对某商品)需求的激增；争购 6 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  the first prints of a film after a period of shooting [口] (电影)工作样片 7 Football, Rugby, etc. 【足球】【英式橄榄球】  a  a combined dash by one or several players with the ball 带球配合突破b Amer. Football  an act of charging at usu. the quarterback 【美式橄榄球】(通常指对四分卫的)跑动阻截 □ rush one's fences  Brit.  act with undue haste [英]鲁莽；过于匆忙□ rusher  n.  □ rushingly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French russher, = Old French ruser, russer: see RUSE]

rush2 /rʌʃ/ n.  1  a  any marsh or waterside plant of the family Juncaceae, with naked slender tapering pith-filled stems (properly leaves) formerly used for strewing floors and still used for making chair-bottoms and plaiting baskets etc. 灯心草(湿地或水边植物，茎杆细长而有髓，曾用来铺地板，现仍用来做椅子的座面或编筐等)b  a stem of this 灯心草茎c (collect. 集合名词)  rushes as a material 灯心草材料 2 archaic  a thing of no value [古义]没有价值的东西  not worth a rush  一文不值 □ rushlike  adv.  □ rushy  adj.   [Old English rysc, rysce, corresponding to Middle Low German, Middle High German rusch]

rush candle n.  a candle made by dipping the pith of a rush in tallow 灯心草蜡烛(将灯心草的髓浸入动物脂油中制成的蜡烛)

rush hour n. (often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符)  time(s) each day when traffic is at its heaviest (交通)高峰期

rushlight /ˈrʌʃlait/ n.  a rush candle 灯心草蜡烛

rusk /rʌsk/ n.  a slice of bread rebaked usu. as a light biscuit, esp. as food for babies (甜)面包干；(甜)脆饼干(尤用作婴儿食品) [Spanish or Portuguese rosca ‘twist, coil, roll of bread’]

Russ /rʌs/   拉斯 [人名]

Russell /ˈrʌsl/   拉塞尔 [人名]

russet /ˈrʌsit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  reddish brown 红褐色的，黄褐色的 2 archaic  rustic, homely, simple [古义]土气的；乡村的；简朴的；平常的 ●n.  1  a reddish-brown colour 红褐色，黄褐色 2  a kind of rough-skinned russet-coloured apple (带黄褐色斑的)粗皮苹果 3 hist.  a coarse homespun reddish-brown or grey cloth used for simple clothing [史义]黄(红)褐色(或灰色)手织土布 □ russety  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French rosset, rousset, diminutive of roux ‘red’, via Provençal ros, Italian rosso from Latin russus ‘red’]

Russia   俄罗斯

Russia leather /ˈrʌʃə/ n.  a durable bookbinding leather from skins impregnated with birch-bark oil (用以装订书籍的)俄罗斯软革 [Russia in E. Europe]

Russian /ˈrʌʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or national of Russia, the Russian Federation, or the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯人；俄联邦人；前苏联人b  a person of former Russian descent 俄裔 2  the language of Russia and the official language of the former Soviet Union 俄语 ●adj.  1  of or relating to Russia 俄罗斯的 2  of or in Russian 俄语的；俄罗斯人的 □ Russianize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Russianization  /-naiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ Russianness  /ˈrʌʃ(ə)nnis/ n.   [medieval Latin Russianus]

Russian boot n.  a boot that loosely encloses the calf 俄罗斯长靴

Russian olive n.  = OLEASTER 

Russian roulette n.  1  an act of daring in which one (usu. with others in turn) squeezes the trigger of a revolver held to one's head with one chamber loaded, having first spun the chamber 俄式轮盘赌(将左轮手枪中仅放入一发子弹，打赌者轮流用它对准头部，扣动扳机) 2  a potentially dangerous enterprise 危险事业，玩命游戏

Russian salad n. Brit.  a salad of mixed diced vegetables with mayonnaise [英]俄式色拉(用什锦菜丁拌蛋黄酱制成)

Russify /ˈrʌsifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make Russian in character 使俄罗斯化 □ Russification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

Russki /ˈrʌski/ n. (also 亦作 Russky) (pl. Russkis or 或 -ies) slang offens.  a Russian; hist. (loosely) a Soviet citizen [俚语] [冒犯]俄罗斯人；[史义] (词义不严谨)苏联公民 [from Russian russkiĭ RUSSIAN, suggested by Russian surnames ending in -skiĭ]

Russo- /ˈrʌsəʊ/ comb. form  Russian; Russian and [构词成分]俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的；俄罗斯和…的

Russophile /ˈrʌsəʊfail/ n.  a person who is fond of Russia or the Russians 亲俄的人，亲俄分子

rust /rʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a reddish- or yellowish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation, esp. as a result of moisture (钢或铁上的)锈b  a similar coating on other metals (钢、铁以外其他金属的)锈 2  a  any of various plant diseases with rust-coloured spots caused by fungi of the class Urediniomycetes or genus Albugo 锈病b  the fungus causing this 锈菌 3  an impaired state due to disuse or inactivity (由不使用或不活动导致的)衰退状态；荒废；迟钝 4  a reddish-brown or brownish-red colour 铁锈色，赭色 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  affect or be affected with rust; undergo oxidation (使)生锈，氧化，锈蚀 2 intr. (of bracken etc.) become rust-coloured (蕨等)变成锈色 3 intr. (of a plant) be attacked by rust (植物)患锈病 4 intr.  lose quality or efficiency by disuse or inactivity (由于不使用或不活动而)衰退，荒废，变迟钝 □ rustless  adj.   [Old English rūst, from Germanic]

rust belt n. colloq.  an area of once profitable industry, esp. in the American Midwest and north-eastern states [口] (尤指美国中西部和东北部各州的)工业衰退地区

rustic /ˈrʌstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having the characteristics of or associations with the country or country life 乡村风味的，乡村生活特色的 2  unsophisticated, simple, unrefined 不懂世故的，淳朴的，单纯的；粗鲁的 3  of rude or country workmanship 粗制的，土制的；简陋的 4  made of untrimmed branches or rough timber 用带皮树枝或粗木材制作的  a rustic bench  粗木长凳 5 (of lettering) freely formed (字体)随意的，不规则的 6 Archit.  with rough-hewn or roughened surface or with sunk joints 【建】粗面石工的 7 archaic  rural [古义]乡村的，田园的 ●n.  a person from or living in the country, esp. a simple unsophisticated one (尤指淳朴的)乡下人，庄稼人 □ rustically  adv.  □ rusticity  /-ˈstisiti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin rusticus, from rus ‘the country’]

rusticate /ˈrʌstikeit/ v.  1 tr. Brit.  send down (a student) temporarily from university [英]罚(大学生)暂时停学 2 intr.  retire to or live in the country 下乡，乡居，过乡村生活 3 tr.  make rural 使乡村化，使有乡下特点 4 tr.  mark (masonry) with sunk joints or a roughened surface 使成粗面石工 □ rustication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin rusticari ‘live in the country’ (as RUSTIC)]

rustle /ˈrʌs(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a gentle sound as of dry leaves blown in a breeze (使)发出(枯叶般的)沙沙声 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along etc.)  move with a rustling sound 沙沙(或窸窣)作响地移动 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  steal (cattle, horses, or sheep) 偷(牛、马、羊等牲口) 4 intr. US colloq.  move or act quickly or energetically [美口]使劲干；急速行动 ●n.  a rustling sound or movement 沙沙声，窸窣声；发出沙沙声(或窸窣声)的动作 □ rustle up  colloq.  produce quickly when needed [口]需要时迅速做好(或凑好)；草草做好□ rustler  n. (esp. in sense 3 of v. 尤用于动词释义 3)   [Middle English rustel etc. (imitative): cf. obsolete Flemish ruysselen, Dutch ritselen]

rustproof /ˈrʌs(t)pru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj. (of a metal) not susceptible to corrosion by rust (金属)抗锈的，不生锈的 ●v. tr.  make rustproof 使抗锈

rustre /ˈrʌstə/ n. Heraldry  a lozenge with a round hole 【纹章学】中间有圆孔的菱形 [French]

rusty /ˈrʌsti/ adj. (rustier, rustiest)  1  rusted or affected by rust (生)锈的 2  stiff with age or disuse (由于年事已高或长久不用而变得)不灵活的，僵硬的 3 (of knowledge etc.) faded or impaired by neglect (知识等由于不用而)淡忘的；生疏的，荒疏的  my French is a bit rusty  我的法语有些生疏了 4  rust-coloured 锈色的 5 (of black clothes) discoloured by age (黑衣服因时间长而)褪了色的 6  a  of antiquated appearance 老式的b  antiquated or behind the times 陈旧的，过时的 7 (of a voice) croaking or creaking (声音)嘶哑的；吱吱嘎嘎作声的，吱吱响的 □ rustily  adv.  □ rustiness  n.   [Old English rūstig (as RUST)]

rut1 /rʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a deep track made by the passage of wheels 车辙 2  an established (esp. tedious) mode of practice or procedure (尤指冗长乏味的)老一套，旧规矩，常规，惯例 ●v. tr. (rutted, rutting)  mark with ruts 在…形成车辙；在…挖槽 □ in a rut   following a fixed (esp. tedious or dreary) pattern of behaviour that is difficult to change 墨守成规，一成不变□ rutty  adj.   [probably from Old French rote (as ROUTE)]

rut2 /rʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  the periodic sexual excitement of a male deer, goat, sheep, etc. (雄鹿、雄羊等周期性的)发情 ●v. intr. (rutted, rutting)  be affected with rut 发情 □ ruttish  adj.   [Middle English via Old French rut, ruit from Latin rugitus, from rugire ‘roar’]

rutabaga /ru:təˈbeiɡə/ n.  a swede 芜菁甘蓝 [Swedish dialect rotabagge]

Ruth /ru:θ/   鲁思 [人名]

ruthenium /rʊˈθi:niəm/ n. Chem.  a rare hard white metallic transition element, occurring naturally in platinum ores, and used as a chemical catalyst and in certain alloys (symbol 符 Ru) 【化】(化学元素)钌(白色坚硬的稀有过渡金属元素，天然存在于铂矿中，用作化学催化剂或制合金) [medieval Latin Ruthenia Russia (from its discovery in ores from the Urals)]

rutherfordium /rʌðəˈfɔ:diəm/ n. Chem.  a name variously proposed for the artificial radioactive elements of atomic number 104 and 106 (symbol 符 Rf) 【化】(化学元素)鑪 [named after E. Rutherford, New Zealand-born physicist d. 1937]

ruthless /ˈru:θlis/ adj.  having no pity or compassion 无情的，冷酷的，残忍的 □ ruthlessly  adv.  □ ruthlessness  n.   [Middle English, from ruth ‘compassion’, from RUE1]

rutile /ˈru:til, ˈru:tail/ n.  a mineral form of titanium dioxide 金红石 [French rutile or German Rutil from Latin rutilus ‘reddish’]

RV abbr. [缩略]  1  Revised Version (of the Bible)  2 US  recreational vehicle (esp. denoting a motorized caravan) [美]活动房屋式游艺车

Rwanda   卢旺达

Rwandan /ruˈændən/ adj. & n.  卢旺达的(人)

Ry. abbr. [缩略]  Railway 

-ry /ri/ var.  of -ERY  -ERY 的变体 [shortened from -ERY, or by analogy]

rye /rai/ n.  1  a  a cereal plant, Secale cereale, with spikes bearing florets which yield wheatlike grains 黑麦(生有开小花的长穗，籽粒像小麦)b  the grain of this used for bread and fodder (用作面包原料或饲料的)黑麦粉；黑麦籽；黑麦粒 2 (in full 全称 rye whisky)  whisky distilled from fermented rye 黑麦威士忌酒 [Old English ryge, from Germanic]

ryegrass /ˈraiɡrɑ:s/ n.  any forage or lawn grass of the genus Lolium, esp. L. perenne 黑麦草 [obsolete ray-grass, of unknown origin]

ryokan /riˈəʊkæn/ n.  a traditional Japanese inn (传统的)日本旅店 [Japanese]

ryot /ˈraiət/ n.  an Indian peasant (印度的)农夫，佃农 [Urdu ra ‘īyat’ from Arabic raˈīya ‘flock, subjects’, from raˈɑˉ ‘to pasture’]

Réaumur /ˈreiə(ʊ)mjʊə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  expressed in or related to the scale of temperature at which water freezes at 0° and boils at 80° under standard conditions 列氏温标的 ●n. (in full 全称 Réaumur's scale)  this scale 列式温标 [named after R. de Réaumur, French physicist d. 1757]

réchauffé /reiˈʃəʊfei, 法 reʃofe/ n.  1  a warmed-up dish 再热的菜，回锅菜 2  a rehash 老调重弹的作品，老一套 [French, past part. of réchauffer (as RE-, CHAFE)]

répétiteur /reˌpetiˈtɜ:/ n.  1  a tutor or coach of musicians, esp. opera singers (尤指歌剧演员的)音乐导师，音乐指导(教练) 2  a person who supervises ballet rehearsals etc. (芭蕾舞等的)排练指导 [French]

résumé /ˈrezjʊmei/ n. (also 亦作 resumé)  1  a summary 摘要，梗概 2 N. Amer.  a curriculum vitae [北美]履历，简历 [French, past part. of résumer (as RESUME)]

röntgen var.  of ROENTGEN  ROENTGEN 的变体

's /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音前读 z/ abbr. colloq. [缩略] [口]  1  is, has  he's arrived  他已经到达 it's raining  正在下雨 John's late  约翰来晚了  2  us  let's  让我们…  3  does  what's he say?  他说什么？ 

's- /s, z before a voiced consonant 在浊辅音后读 z/ prefix archaic (esp. in oaths) God's ('s blood 上帝的血 ; 's trewth 上帝的真理) [古义] (尤指在誓言中) 上帝的 [abbreviation]

S1 /es/ n. (also 亦作 s) (pl. Ss or S's)  1  the nineteenth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 19 个字母 2  an S-shaped object or curve S 形物体或曲线

S2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 S.)  1  Saint  2  South, Southern 

S3 symb. [符号]  1 Chem.  the element sulphur 【化】(化学元素)硫 2  siemens 

s abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 s.)  1  second(s)  2  shilling(s)  3  singular  4  son  5  succeeded  6 Chem. 【化】  solid  [sense 2 originally from Latin solidus: see SOLIDUS]

-'s1 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z, iz after a sibilant 在咝音后读 iz/ suffix  denoting the possessive case of singular nouns and of plural nouns not ending in -s (John's book 约翰的书 ; the book's cover 书的封皮 ; the children's shoes 孩子们的鞋 ; Mr Jones's dog 琼斯先生的狗) 在不以 s 结尾的单、复数名词后表示所有格 [Old English genitive sing. ending]

-'s2 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z, iz after a sibilant 在咝音后读 iz/ suffix  denoting the plural of a letter or symbol (S's; 8's) 表示字母或符号的复数 [as -S1]

-s1 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z/ suffix  denoting the plurals of nouns (cf. 参见 -ES1) 表示名词复数 [Old English pl. ending -as]

-s2 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z/ suffix  forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs (cf. 参见 -ES2) 构成动词现在时的第三人称单数 [Old English dialect, probably from Old English 2nd person sing. present ending -es, -as]

-s3 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z/ suffix  1  forming adverbs (afterwards 此后 ; besides 此外) 构成副词 2  forming possessive pronouns (hers 她的 ; ours 我们的) 构成物主代词 [formed as -'S1]

-s4 /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z/ suffix  forming nicknames or pet names (Fats 胖子 ; ducks 鸭子) 构成绰号或宠物名 [suggested by -S1]

-s' /s, z after a vowel sound or voiced consonant 在元音或浊辅音后读 z/ suffix  denoting the possessive case of plural nouns and sometimes of singular nouns ending in s (the boys' shoes 男孩们的鞋 ; Charles' book 查尔斯的书) 在复数名词和有时以 s 结尾的单数名词后表示所有格 [as -'S1]

SA abbr. [缩略]  1  Salvation Army  2  sex appeal  3  a  South Africa 南非b  South America 南美c  South Australia 澳大利亚南部 4 hist. Sturmabteilung (the paramilitary force of the Nazi party) [史义] (纳粹党的准军事部队)冲锋队，褐衫队

sab /sæb/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a hunt saboteur 破坏狩猎者 ●v. tr. (sabbed, sabbing)  disrupt (a hunt) 扰乱(狩猎) [abbreviation of SABOTEUR]

sabadilla /sæbəˈdilə/ n.  1  a Mexican plant Schoenocaulon officinale, with seeds yielding veratrine 赛藜芦(一种墨西哥植物，其籽可制藜芦碱) 2  a preparation of these seeds, used in medicine and agriculture 赛藜芦籽制品(药用或农用) [Spanish cebadilla, diminutive of cebada ‘barley’]

Sabaoth /ˈsæbeiɒθ, sæˈbeiɒθ/ n. pl. Bibl.  heavenly hosts (see 见 HOST1 2) 【圣经】万军，天军  Lord of Sabaoth  万军之主 [Middle English from Late Latin via Greek Sabaōth from Hebrew ṣĕbɑˉōt pl. of ṣɑˉbɑˆ ‘host’ (of heaven)]

Sabbatarian /sæbəˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a strict sabbath-keeping Jew 严守安息日的犹太人 2  a Christian who favours observing Sunday strictly as the sabbath 主张把星期日当作安息日严守的基督教徒 3  a Christian who observes Saturday as the sabbath 把星期六当作安息日来守的基督教徒 ●adj.  relating to or holding the tenets of Sabbatarians 安息日的；守安息日的 □ Sabbatarianism  n.  严守安息日主义 [Late Latin sabbatarius from Latin sabbatum: see SABBATH]

sabbath /ˈsæbəθ/ n.  1 (in full 全称 sabbath day)  a day of rest and religious observance kept by Jews on Saturday 犹太教徒的安息日(星期六) 2  Sunday as a day of Christian religious observance and abstinence from work and play 基督教徒的安息日(星期日，按教规不工作也不娱乐) 3 (in full 全称 witches' sabbath)  a supposed general midnight meeting of witches with the Devil (假想的)巫师与魔鬼的午夜集会 [Old English sabat, Latin sabbatum & Old French sabbat, via Greek sabbaton from Hebrew šabbɑˉt, from šɑˉbat ‘to rest’]

sabbatical /səˈbætik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or appropriate to the sabbath 安息日的，适合于安息日的 2 (of leave) granted at intervals to a university teacher for study or travel, originally every seventh year (指准予大学教师用于研究或旅行)休假的(最初每 7 年一次) ●n.  a period of sabbatical leave (用于研究或旅行的)休假期 □ sabbatically  adv.   [Late Latin sabbaticus from Greek sabbatikos ‘of the sabbath’]

sabbatical year n.  1 Bibl.  every seventh year, prescribed by the Mosaic law to be observed as a ‘sabbath’, during which the land was allowed to rest 【圣经】安息年(摩西律法规定 7 年一次安息年，在安息年土地休耕) 2  a year's sabbatical leave 休假年

saber US var.  of SABRE [美] SABRE 的变体

Sabian /ˈseibiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a sect classed in the Koran with Muslims, Jews, and Christians, as believers in the true God 萨比教的，萨比教徒的(《古兰经》中将该教派教徒与穆斯林教徒、犹太教徒和基督教徒并列作为信奉真神的教徒) ●n.  a member of this sect 萨比教徒 [Arabic ṣɑˉbi']

sabicu /sæbiˈku:/ n.  1  a W. Indian tree Lysiloma latisiliqua, grown for timber 萨比库树(西印度群岛的一种树，用作木材) 2  the mahogany-like wood of this tree 萨比库木(类似红木) [Cuban Spanish sabicú]

Sabine /ˈsæbain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a people of the central Apennines in ancient Italy (古意大利亚平宁山脉中部地区的)萨宾人的；关于萨宾人的 ●n.  a member of this people 萨宾人 [Latin Sabinus]

Sabin vaccine /ˈseibin/ n.  an oral vaccine giving immunity against poliomyelitis 萨宾疫苗，脊髓灰质炎疫苗 [named after A. B. Sabin, US virologist b. 1906]

sable1 /ˈseib(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a small brown-furred flesh-eating mammal, Martes zibellina, of N. Europe and parts of N. Asia, related to the marten 紫貂，黑貂(一种褐色皮毛的小型食肉哺乳动物，生活在北欧和北亚的部分地区，属貂类)b  its skin or fur 紫貂皮；紫貂毛 2  a fine paintbrush made of sable fur 紫貂毛画笔 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin sabelum, from Slavonic]

sable2 /ˈseib(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 esp. poet.  black [尤诗]黑色 2 (in pl. 用复数)  mourning garments 丧服 3 (in full 全称 sable antelope)  a large African antelope, Hippotragus niger, with long curved horns, the male of which has a black coat with a white belly 貂羚(一种大型非洲羚羊，角长且曲，雄性白腹黑皮) ●adj.  1 (usu. placed after noun 通常置于名词后) Heraldry  black 【纹章学】黑色的 2 esp. poet.  dark, gloomy [尤诗]暗的，阴暗的 □ sabled  adj.  □ sably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French (in Heraldry): generally taken to be identical with SABLE1, although sable fur is dark brown]

sabot /ˈsæbəʊ/ n.  1  a kind of simple shoe hollowed out from a block of wood (把整块木头挖空而成的)木鞋 2  a wooden-soled shoe 木底鞋 3 Austral.  a small snub-nosed yacht [澳]狮鼻小游艇 □ saboted  /ˈsæbəʊd/ adj.   [French, blend of savate ‘shoe’ + botte ‘boot’]

sabotage /ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  deliberate damage to productive capacity, esp. as a political act (对生产能力的)蓄意破坏(尤指具有政治目的的行为) ●v. tr.  1  commit sabotage on 蓄意破坏 2  destroy, spoil; make useless 破坏，损坏，捣乱；毁坏  sabotaged my plans  破坏了我的计划 [French from saboter ‘make a noise with sabots, bungle, wilfully destroy’: see SABOT 见 SABOT]

saboteur /sæbəˈtɜ:/ n.  a person who commits sabotage 蓄意破坏者 [French]

sabra /ˈsæbrə/ n.  an Israeli born in Israel (在以色列出生的)以色列人 [modern Hebrew sɑˉbrɑˉh ‘opuntia fruit’ (opuntias are common in coastal regions of Israel)]

sabre /ˈseibə/ n. & v. (US [美] saber) ●n.  1  a cavalry sword with a curved blade (骑兵用弧形的)军刀，马刀 2  a cavalry soldier and horse 骑兵(与坐骑) 3  a light fencing-sword with a tapering blade (击剑时用的)佩剑，花剑 ●v. tr.  cut down or wound with a sabre (用马刀)砍死；砍伤 [French, earlier sable, via German Sabel, Sɑ¨bel, Schabel from Polish szabla or Hungarian szablya]

sabre-cut n.  1  a blow with a sabre (马刀的)劈砍 2  a wound made or a scar left by this (马刀劈砍留下的)伤口，伤疤

sabre-rattling n.  a display or threat of military force 炫耀武力；武力威胁

sabre saw n.  a portable electric jigsaw 便携电动手锯

sabretache /ˈsæbətæʃ/ n.  a flat satchel on long straps worn by some cavalry officers from the left of the waist-belt (某些骑兵军官挂在腰带左边的)马刀挂套 [French from German Sɑ¨beltasche (as SABRE, Tasche ‘pocket’)]

sabre-toothed tiger n. (also 亦作 sabre-toothed cat)  an extinct mammal of the cat family with long curved upper canine teeth, esp. one of the genus Smilodon of the Pleistocene epoch in America 剑齿虎(一种已灭绝的猫科哺乳动物，上犬齿长且弯，尤指美洲更新世剑齿虎属的一种)

sabreur /sæˈbrɜ:/ n.  a user of the sabre, esp. a cavalryman 佩马刀者； (尤指)骑兵 [French from sabrer SABRE v.]

sabrewing /ˈseibəwiŋ/ n.  a S. American hummingbird of the genus Campylopterus, with long curved wings 刀翅蜂鸟(南美的一种蜂鸟，翅膀长且弯)

SAC abbr. [缩略]  Senior Aircraftman 

sac /sæk/ n.  1  a bag-like cavity, enclosed by a membrane, in an animal or plant (动、植物组织中的)囊，液囊 2  the distended membrane surrounding a hernia, cyst, tumour, etc. (包在疝、囊肿、肿瘤等外表的)扩张薄膜组织 [French sac or Latin saccus SACK1]

saccade /sæˈkɑ:d/ n.  a brief rapid movement of the eye between fixation points (目光在注视点之间快速短暂的)扫视 □ saccadic  /sæˈkædik/ adj.   [French, = violent pull, from Old French saquer, sachier ‘to pull’]

saccate /ˈsækeit/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  dilated into a bag 囊状的 2  contained in a sac 囊中的

saccharide /ˈsækəraid/ n. Chem. 【化】  = SUGARn. 2  [modern Latin saccharum ‘sugar’ + -IDE]

saccharimeter /sækəˈrimitə/ n.  a polarimeter for measuring the sugar content of a solution (计量溶液含糖量的)糖量计 [French saccharimètre (as SACCHARIDE)]

saccharin /ˈsækərin/ n.  a very sweet substance used as a non-fattening substitute for sugar 糖精(一种极甜无脂的物质，用于替代糖) [German (as SACCHARIDE) + -IN]

saccharine /ˈsækərain, -in, -i:n/ adj.  1  sugary 甜的 2  of, containing, or like sugar 糖质的；含糖的；似糖的 3  unpleasantly over-polite, sentimental, etc. 奉承的，讨好的；故作多情的

saccharo- /ˈsækərəʊ/ comb. form  sugar; sugar and [构词成分]糖；糖和… [Greek sakkharon ‘sugar’]

saccharometer /sækəˈrɒmitə/ n.  a hydrometer for estimating the sugar content of a solution 糖量计(测量溶液中糖分的液体比重计)

saccharose /ˈsækərəʊz, -s/ n. Chem.  sucrose 【化】蔗糖 [modern Latin saccharum ‘sugar’ + -OSE2]

sacciform /ˈsæksifɔ:m/ adj.  sac-shaped 囊状的 [Latin saccus ‘sac’ + -FORM]

saccule /ˈsækju:l/ n.  a small sac or cyst 小囊；囊肿 □ saccular  adj.   [Latin sacculus (as SAC)]

sacerdotal /sæsəˈdəʊt(ə)l, sækə-/ adj.  1  of priests or the priestly office; priestly 僧侣的；祭司的 2 (of a doctrine etc.) ascribing sacrificial functions and supernatural powers to ordained priests; claiming excessive authority for the priesthood (指教义等)将祭祀权和超自然力归于任圣职的僧侣的；司铎天赋神权说的 □ sacerdotalism  n.  祭司制度□ sacerdotalist  n.  □ sacerdotally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French sacerdotal or Latin sacerdotalis, from sacerdos -dotis ‘priest’]

sachem /ˈseitʃəm, ˈsætʃəm/ n.  1  the supreme chief of some American Indian tribes (美洲一些印第安部落的)酋长 2 N. Amer. colloq.  a leader [北美口]头领  political sachem  党魁 mafia sachem  黑手党头目 [Narragansett, = SAGAMORE]

sachet /ˈsæʃei/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a small usu. sealed and airtight bag or packet [尤英] (通常指密封不透气的)小袋 2  a small scented bag 香囊 3  a  dry perfume for laying among clothes etc. (置于衣物等中的)香料b  a packet of this 香袋 [French, diminutive of sac, from Latin saccus SACK1]

sack1 /sæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a large strong bag, usu. made of hessian, paper, or plastic, for storing or conveying goods (通常装货或运输用的)麻袋，硬纸袋，塑料袋b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  this with its contents 装有货物的袋子  a sack of potatoes  一袋土豆c  a quantity contained in a sack 一袋之容量 2 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  dismissal from employment [口]解雇 3 (prec. by 前接 the) N. Amer. slang  bed [北美] [俚语]床 4  a  a woman's short loose dress with a sacklike appearance 布袋装(女子宽松的直筒短装)b archaic or hist.  a woman's loose gown, or a silk train attached to the shoulders of this [古义] [史义] (女子的)宽身长服；(连在长服肩上的)丝绸长拖纱 5  a man's or woman's loose-hanging coat not shaped to the back (男子或女子的)宽松披风 ●v. tr.  1  put into a sack or sacks 把…装入袋中 2 colloq.  dismiss from employment [口]解雇 □ hit the sack  colloq.  go to bed [口]睡觉□ sackable  adj.  □ sackful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ sacklike  adj.   [Old English sacc via Latin saccus from Greek sakkos, of Semitic origin]

sack2 /sæk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  plunder and destroy (a captured town etc.) 洗劫，毁坏(被攻陷的城市等) 2  steal valuables from (a place) (从某地)偷盗(贵重物品) ●n.  the sacking of a captured place (对被攻陷的地方的)洗劫，毁坏 [originally as noun, from French sac in the phrase mettre ɑˋ sac ‘put to sack’, from Italian sacco SACK1]

sack3 /sæk/ n. hist.  a white wine formerly imported into Britain from Spain and the Canaries [史义] (旧时从西班牙和加那利群岛进口到英国的)萨克白葡萄酒  sherry sack  雪利萨克酒 [16th-c. wyne seck, from French vin sec ‘dry wine’]

sackbut /ˈsækbʌt/ n.  an early form of trombone 萨克布号(一种早期形式的长号) [French saquebute, earlier saqueboute ‘hook for pulling a man off a horse’ from saquer ‘pull’ + boute (as BUTT1)]

sackcloth /ˈsækklɒθ/ n.  1  a coarse fabric of flax or hemp 粗麻布 2  clothing made of this, formerly worn as a penance or in mourning (esp.尤用于 sackcloth and ashes 忏悔和悲痛) (旧时忏悔或服丧时穿的)粗麻衣

sacking /ˈsækiŋ/ n.  material for making sacks; sackcloth (用于缝制麻袋的)布料；粗麻布

sack race n.  a race between competitors in sacks up to the waist or neck 套袋赛跑(竞赛者将口袋套至腰部或颈部)

sacra pl.  of SACRUM  

sacral /ˈseikr(ə)l, ˈsæk-/ adj.  1 Anat.  of or relating to the sacrum 【解】骶骨的 2 Anthropol.  of or for sacred rites 【人】圣事的，圣礼的；用于圣事的，用于圣礼的

sacrament /ˈsækrəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a religious ceremony or act of the Christian Churches regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace: applied by the Eastern, pre-Reformation Western, and Roman Catholic Churches to the seven rites of baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, extreme unction, ordination, and matrimony, but restricted by most Protestants to baptism and the Eucharist (基督教)圣事；圣礼(被视为内在心灵受天惠的外在可见表象，为东派教会、改革前的西派教会和罗马天主教会用于 7 项圣事：洗礼、坚信礼、圣餐、忏悔、终傅、授圣职和婚礼；但大多新教徒将圣事仅限用在洗礼和圣餐上) 2  a thing of mysterious and sacred significance; a sacred influence, symbol, etc. 具有神秘和神圣意义的事物；神圣的影响(符号等) 3 (also 亦作 Blessed or Holy Sacrament) (prec. by 前接 the)  a  the Eucharist 圣餐b  the consecrated elements, esp. the bread or Host 神圣的事物(尤指圣餐面包或圣体) 4  an oath or solemn engagement taken 誓言；庄严的诺言 [Middle English via Old French sacrement from Latin sacramentum ‘solemn oath’ etc., via sacrare ‘hallow’ from sacer SACRED, used in Christian Latin as translation of Greek mustērion MYSTERY1]

sacramental /sækrəˈment(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or of the nature of a sacrament or the sacrament 圣礼的，圣餐的 2 (of a doctrine etc.) attaching great importance to the sacraments (教义等)重圣礼的，重圣餐的 ●n.  an observance analogous to but not reckoned among the sacraments, e.g. the use of holy water or the sign of the cross 类似圣礼的仪式(如用圣水或十字架) □ sacramentalism  n.  圣事主义，圣礼主义□ sacramentalist  n.  □ sacramentality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ sacramentally  adv.   [Middle English from French sacramental or Late Latin sacramentalis (as SACRAMENT)]

sacrarium /səˈkrɛəriəm/ n. (pl. sacraria /-riə/)  1  the sanctuary of a church (教堂的)内殿，圣殿 2 RC Ch.  a piscina 【天主教】(教堂祭台旁倒施礼用水的)排水石盆 3 Rom. Antiq.  a shrine; the room (in a house) containing the penates [古罗马]神龛；(房中置家神的)圣堂 [Latin, from sacer sacri ‘holy’]

sacred /ˈseikrid/ adj.  1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  exclusively dedicated or appropriated (to a god or to some religious purpose) (完全)奉献给神的，神圣的b  made holy by religious association (由于宗教而)神圣的c  connected with religion; used for a religious purpose 宗教性的；用于宗教目的的  sacred music  圣乐 2  a  safeguarded or required by religion, reverence, or tradition (宗教、尊崇或传统所)捍卫的，要求的b  sacrosanct 极神圣的，神圣不可侵犯的 3 (of writings etc.) embodying the laws or doctrines of a religion (典籍等)阐释宗教戒律(或教义)的 □ sacredly  adv.  □ sacredness  n.   [Middle English, past part. of obsolete sacre ‘consecrate’, via Old French sacrer from Latin sacrare, from sacer sacri ‘holy’]

Sacred College n. RC Ch.  the body of cardinals 【天主教】红衣主教团，枢机团

sacred cow n. colloq.  an idea or institution unreasonably held to be above criticism (with reference to the Hindus' respect for the cow as a holy animal) [口]不容批评的思想(或组织) (指印度教将牛视为神物而对牛的崇拜)

Sacred Heart n. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1  the heart of Christ as an object of devotion 圣心(视为崇敬物的基督的心) 2  an image representing this 圣心图

sacred ibis n.  an ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus, native to Africa and Madagascar, venerated by the ancient Egyptians 圣鹮(产于非洲和马达加斯加，为古埃及人所崇拜)

sacred number n.  a number associated with religious symbolism, e.g. 7 圣数(具有宗教象征意义的数字，如 7)

sacrifice /ˈsækrifais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the act of giving up something valued for the sake of something else more important or worthy 牺牲(为了更重要或更有价值的事物而奉献出珍贵的东西)b  a thing given up in this way 牺牲物，牺牲品c  the loss entailed in this 牺牲，损失 2  a  the slaughter of an animal or person or the surrender of a possession as an offering to a deity (为了向神奉献而对人或动物的)宰杀；(财物的)奉献b  an animal, person, or thing offered in this way 祭品；祭牲(奉献的动物、人或财物) 3  an act of prayer, thanksgiving, or penitence as propitiation (作为赎罪的)祷告(感恩或忏悔) 4 Theol. 【神】  a  Christ's offering of himself in the Crucifixion (基督在十字架上的)献身b  the Eucharist as either a propitiatory offering of the body and blood of Christ or an act of thanksgiving (作为献祭的圣体和圣血或表示感恩的)圣餐 5 (in games) a loss incurred deliberately to avoid a greater loss or to obtain a compensating advantage (体育竞赛中为避免更大损失或为得到补偿性优势而故意做出的)牺牲，舍弃 ●v.  1 tr.  give up (a thing) as a sacrifice 舍弃某物(作为牺牲) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  devote or give over to 奉献于…，交托于… 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  offer or kill as a sacrifice (作为祭品而)奉献，宰杀 □ sacrificial  /-ˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ sacrificially  /-ˈfiʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin sacrificium, from sacrificus (as SACRED)]

sacrificial anode n.  a metal anode that is used up in protecting another metal against corrosion (cf. 参见 CATHODIC PROTECTION) 牺牲阳极(牺牲自身而使另一块金属免受腐蚀的金属阳极)

sacrilege /ˈsækrilidʒ/ n.  the violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred 亵渎神圣 □ sacrilegious  /-ˈlidʒəs/ adj.  渎神的□ sacrilegiously  /-ˈlidʒəsli/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin sacrilegium, from sacrilegus ‘stealer of sacred things’, from sacer sacri ‘sacred’ + legere ‘take possession of’]

sacring /ˈseikriŋ/ n. archaic [古义]  1  the consecration of the Eucharistic elements 献祭圣餐，祝圣 2  the ordination and consecration of a bishop, sovereign, etc. (主教、君主等的)圣职授任，就任圣职 [Middle English from obsolete sacre: see SACRED 见 SACRED]

sacring bell n.  a bell rung at the elevation of the elements in the Eucharist 祝圣铃(圣餐中高举圣饼时响起)

sacristan /ˈsækristən/ n.  1  a person in charge of a sacristy and its contents 圣器保管员 2 archaic  the sexton of a parish church [古义]教堂司事 [Middle English from medieval Latin sacristanus (as SACRED)]

sacristy /ˈsækristi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a room in a church, where the vestments, sacred vessels, etc., are kept and the celebrant can prepare for a service (教堂)圣器室(教堂中收藏圣器的房间，教士亦可在此准备礼拜) [French sacristie, Italian sacrestia or medieval Latin sacristia (as SACRED)]

sacro- /ˈseikrəʊ, ˈsækrəʊ/ comb. form  denoting the sacrum (sacro-iliac 骶髂的) [构词成分]表示“骶骨”

sacroiliac /seikrəʊˈiliæk, sæk-/ adj. Anat.  relating to the sacrum and the ilium, esp. designating the rigid joint between them at the back of the pelvis 【解】骶髂的； (尤指骨盆后部的)骶髂关节的

sacrosanct /ˈsækrə(ʊ)sæŋ(k)t, ˈseikrə(ʊ)-/ adj. (of a person, place, law, etc.) most sacred; inviolable (人、地、法律等)极其神圣的；不可侵犯的；不容违背的 □ sacrosanctity  /-ˈsæŋktiti/ n.   [Latin sacrosanctus, from sacro, ablative of sacrum ‘sacred rite’ (see SACRED) + sanctus (as SAINT)]

sacrum /ˈseikrəm, ˈsæk-/ n. (pl. sacra /-krə/ or sacrums) Anat.  a triangular bone formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hip bones of the pelvis 【解】骶骨(与椎骨相连位于骨盆两股骨之间的三角状骨头) [Latin os sacrum, translation of Greek hieron osteon ‘sacred bone’ (from the belief that the soul resides in it)]

SACW abbr.  Senior Aircraftwoman [缩略]空军一等女兵

SAD abbr. [缩略]  seasonal affective disorder 

sad /sæd/ adj. (sadder, saddest)  1  unhappy; feeling sorrow or regret 不悦的；难过的，遗憾的；悲哀的 2  causing or suggesting sorrow 可悲的，令人难过的  a sad story  令人悲伤的故事 3  regrettable 令人遗憾的 4  shameful, deplorable 可耻的；可怜的，悲惨的  is in a sad state  处于悲惨的境地 5 (of a colour) dull, neutral-tinted (色彩)不鲜亮的，暗淡的；灰暗的 6 (of dough etc.) heavy, having failed to rise (面团等)不松软的，未发起的 7 slang  contemptible, pathetic, unfashionable [俚语]可鄙的，可怜的，过时的 □ saddish  adj.  □ sadly  adv.  □ sadness  n.   [Old English sœd from Germanic: related to Latin satis]

sadden /ˈsæd(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become sad (使)悲伤，(使)难过；(使)遗憾；(使)灰暗

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a seat of leather etc., usu. raised at the front and rear, fastened on a horse etc. for riding 马鞍，鞍座(通常前后隆起，紧系在马等动物的身上，用于骑行) 2  a seat for the rider of a bicycle etc. (自行车的)车座 3  a joint of meat consisting of the two loins 腰肉，脊背肉 4  a ridge rising to a summit at each end 鞍形山，山口 5  the part of a draught horse's harness to which the shafts are attached 鞍垫(拉车马所用挽具上连接车辕的部位) 6  a part of an animal's back resembling a saddle in shape or marking (动物背上的)鞍状花纹 7  the rear part of a male fowl's back (雄禽的)后背部 8  a support for a cable or wire on top of a suspension bridge, pier, or telegraph pole (悬索桥或桥墩上的)托梁；(电线杆上的)托架(用于支撑电缆或电线) 9  a fireclay bar for supporting ceramic ware in a kiln (窑中支撑陶器的)耐火黏土撑条 ●v. tr.  1  put a saddle on (a horse etc.) 给(马等)上鞍座 2  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  burden (a person) with a task, responsibility, etc. 给(某人)以任务(责任等)b (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  impose (a burden) on a person (把负担)强加给某人 3 (of a trainer) enter (a horse) for a race (驯马师)使(马)参加比赛 □ in the saddle   1  mounted 骑着马 2  in office or control 在位，握权□ saddleless  adj.   [Old English sadol, sadul, from Germanic]

saddleback /ˈsæd(ə)lbæk/ n.  1 Archit.  a roof of a tower with two opposite gables 【建】(有两个相对山墙的)塔楼顶；鞍形屋顶 2  a hill with a concave upper outline 鞍形山，鞍状峰 3  a black pig with a white stripe across the back (背上有白色条纹的)黑猪 4  any of various birds with a saddle-like marking esp. a New Zealand bird, Creadion carunculatus 鞍背鸟；(尤指新西兰的)鞍背鸦 □ saddlebacked  adj.  

saddlebag /ˈsæd(ə)lbæɡ/ n.  1  each of a pair of bags laid across a horse etc. behind the saddle (马鞍后马背两侧的)鞍囊，马褡裢 2  a bag attached behind the saddle of a bicycle or motorcycle (自行车或摩托车车座后的)挂包，工具包

saddle bow n.  the arched front or rear of a saddle (马鞍的)前(或后)鞍桥

saddle-cloth n.  a cloth laid on a horse's back under the saddle (垫在马鞍下的)鞍布，鞍垫

saddle-horse n.  a horse for riding 骑用马

saddler /ˈsædlə/ n.  a maker of or dealer in saddles and other equipment for horses 鞍工；马具师，马具商

saddlery /ˈsædləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the saddles and other equipment of a saddler (马具师的)马具，鞍具 2  a saddler's business or premises 马具业务；马具店

saddle-sore adj.  chafed by riding on a saddle (由于骑坐鞍具而)磨伤的；受鞍伤的

saddle stitch n. & v. ●n.  a stitch of thread or a wire staple passed through the centre of a magazine or booklet (穿过书刊中背的)针脚；骑马钉 ●v. tr. (作 saddle-stitch)  sew with this stitch (用鞍形针脚)缝

saddle tree n.  1  the frame of a saddle 鞍架，鞍框 2  a tulip tree (with saddle-shaped leaves) (树叶为鞍形的)美国鹅掌楸

Sadducee /ˈsædjʊsi:/ n.  a member of a Jewish sect or party of the time of Christ that denied the resurrection of the dead, the existence of spirits, and the obligation of the traditional oral law (cf. 参见 PHARISEE, ESSENE) 撒都该人(基督时代犹太教派的成员，不信肉身复活、灵魂存在以及传统口头律法) □ Sadducean  /-ˈsi:ən/ adj.   [Old English sadducēas via Late Latin Sadducaeus and Greek Saddoukaios from Hebrew ṣĕdûḳî, probably = descendant of Zadok (2 Sam. 8:17)]

sadhu /ˈsɑ:du:/ n. (in India) a holy man, sage, or ascetic (印度)圣人，哲人；禁欲主义者，苦行高僧 [Sanskrit, = holy man]

Sadie /ˈseidi/   塞迪 [人名]

sad-iron n.  a solid flat iron 实心熨斗，烙铁

sadism /ˈseidiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a form of sexual perversion characterized by the enjoyment of inflicting pain or suffering on others (cf. 参见 MASOCHISM 1) 施虐狂(一种性怪癖，从施虐和他人的痛苦中得到欢愉) 2 colloq.  the enjoyment of cruelty to others [口]施虐癖 □ sadist  n.  □ sadistic  /səˈdistik/ adj.  □ sadistically  /səˈdistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French sadisme, named after the Count or ‘Marquis’ de Sade, French writer d. 1814]

sadomasochism /seidəʊˈmæsəkiz(ə)m/ n.  the combination of sadism and masochism in one person 施虐受虐狂(兼有施虐狂和受虐狂两种性怪癖) □ sadomasochist  n.  □ sadomasochistic  /-ˈkistik/ adj.  

sad sack n. US colloq.  a very inept person [美口]无用的人，不称职的人

sae abbr. Brit.  stamped addressed envelope [缩略] [英]已贴上邮票并写上地址的信封

safari /səˈfɑ:ri/ n. (pl. safaris)  1  a hunting or scientific expedition, esp. in E. Africa (尤指在东非)游猎，科学考察  go on safari  去游猎，去徒步考察 2  a sightseeing trip to see African animals in their natural habitat (在非洲动物的自然栖息地观看动物的)观光旅行 [Swahili from Arabic safara ‘to travel’]

safari park n.  an enclosed area where lions etc. are kept in relatively open spaces for public viewing from vehicles driven through 野生动物园(一个围起来的广阔地区，里面放养狮子等动物，便于游人开车四处观看)

safari suit n.  a lightweight suit usu. with short sleeves and four pleated pockets in the jacket 旅游装(一种轻便服装，通常短袖，有 4 个褶子衣兜)

safe /seif/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  free of danger or injury 安全的，无危险的b (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  out of or not exposed to danger 在危险范围之外的，没有面临危险的  safe from their enemies  无受敌制之虞 2  affording security or not involving danger or risk 平安的，保险的  put it in a safe place  把它放在一个保险的地方 3  reliable, certain; that can be reckoned on 可靠的，确定的；有成算的  a safe catch  准确的接球 a safe method  可靠的方法 is safe to win  有把握能赢 4  prevented from escaping or doing harm 确保无逃逸的；不会引起伤害的  have got him safe  已确保他不会逃走 5 (also 亦作 safe and sound)  uninjured; with no harm done 未受伤损的；完好无损的 6  cautious and unenterprising; consistently moderate 谨慎的；稳妥的；(一贯)适中的，适度的 ●n.  1  a strong lockable cabinet etc. for valuables 保险箱，保险柜(存放贵重物品的带锁坚固箱柜) 2  = MEAT SAFE  □ on the safe side   with a margin of security against risks 可靠地，安全地□ safely  adv.  □ safeness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French saf, Old French sauf from Latin salvus ‘uninjured’: the noun originally save, from SAVE1]

safe bet n.  a bet that is certain to succeed 准能赢的打赌

safe-breaker n. (also 亦作 safe-blower or US [美] safe-cracker)  a person who breaks open and robs safes 撬保险箱的盗贼

safe conduct n.  1  a privilege of immunity from arrest or harm, esp. on a particular occasion (尤指特定场合的)安全通行权(免于被捕或受伤害的特权) 2  a document securing this 特许证；安全通行证

safe deposit n.  a strongroom or safe for the safe keeping of valuables, usu. within a bank, hotel, etc. (通常指银行、旅馆内用于保存贵重物品的)保险库，保险箱 also 亦作 attrib.: safe deposit box  保险箱

safeguard /ˈseifɡɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a proviso, stipulation, quality, or circumstance, that tends to prevent something undesirable 保护性条款，保护性规定；安全措施，安全条件 2  a safe conduct 安全通行证，安全通行权 ●v. tr.  guard or protect (rights etc.) by a precaution or stipulation 保护，保卫，维护(权利等) [Middle English from Anglo-French salve garde, Old French sauve garde (as SAFE, GUARD)]

safe house n.  a place of refuge or rendezvous for spies, criminals, etc. (谍报人员、罪犯等避难或聚集的)安全房

safe keeping n.  preservation in a safe place (放在安全处所的)妥善保管

safe light n. Photog.  a filtered light for use in a darkroom 【摄】(暗室用的)滤光灯，安全灯

safe period n.  the time during and near the menstrual period when conception is least likely (月经期间或临近月经期间怀孕可能性最小的)安全期

safe seat n.  a seat in Parliament etc. that is usually won with a large margin by a particular party (某一政党以较大优势赢得的议会等的)安全席位，保险席位

safe sex n.  sexual activity in which precautions are taken to reduce the risk of spreading sexually transmitted diseases, esp. Aids (事先已采取措施以降低性病，尤指艾滋病传染危险的)安全性交

safety /ˈseifti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of being safe; freedom from danger or risks 安全，无危险 2 (作 attrib.)  a  designating any of various devices for preventing injury from machinery (为防止机械事故而安装的)安全装置  safety bar  安全栅 safety lock  安全锁b  designating items of protective clothing 保护服，防护服  safety helmet  安全头盔 3 Amer. Football  a defensive back who plays in a deep position 【美式橄榄球】(确保球门线的)安全后卫 □ safety first   a motto advising caution 安全第一(强调安全的警语) [Middle English sauvete via Old French sauveté from medieval Latin salvitas -tatis, from Latin salvus (as SAFE)]

safety belt n.  1  = SEAT BELT  2  a belt or strap securing a person to prevent injury 安全带，保险带

safety catch n.  a contrivance for locking a gun trigger or preventing the accidental operation of machinery (枪炮的)保险机，保险栓；(防止误开机器的)保险销

safety curtain n.  a fireproof curtain that can be lowered to cut off the auditorium in a theatre from the stage (剧场中可落下并隔开舞台与观众大厅的)防火幕，安全幕，防火帘

safety factor n.  1  the ratio of a material's strength to an expected strain 安全系数 2  a margin of security against risks 安全度

safety film n.  a cinematographic film on a slow-burning or non-flammable base (用阻燃材料作片基的)安全胶片

safety fuse n.  1  a fuse (see 见 FUSE2 n. 1) containing a slow-burning composition for firing detonators from a distance 安全信管，安全导火线 2 Electr.  a protective fuse (see 见 FUSE1 n.) 【电】安全熔断器，保险丝

safety glass n.  glass that will not splinter when broken (破时不粉碎的)安全玻璃

safety harness n.  a system of belts or restraints to hold a person to prevent falling or injury (防止人员摔伤的)安全索带，安全背带

safety lamp n.  a miner's lamp so protected as not to ignite firedamp (矿工用的)安全灯

safety match n.  a match igniting only on a specially prepared surface 安全火柴

safety net n.  1  a net placed to catch an acrobat etc. in case of a fall (杂技表演中防止摔落的)安全网 2  a safeguard against possible hardship or adversity 安全措施

safety pin n.  a pin with a point that is bent back to the head and is held in a guard when closed 安全别针

safety razor n.  a razor with a guard to reduce the risk of cutting the skin 安全剃须刀

safety valve n.  1 (in a steam boiler) a valve opening automatically to relieve excessive pressure (蒸汽锅炉中自动放出过大压力的)安全阀 2  a means of giving harmless vent to excitement etc. (释放过分兴奋等情绪的)安全方法，安全渠道

safety zone n. US  an area of a road marked off for pedestrians etc. to wait safely [美] (道路中标出为行人等候车用的)安全区域，安全地带

safflower /ˈsæflaʊə/ n.  1  an orange-flowered thistle-like plant, Carthamus tinctorius, whose seeds yield an edible oil 红花(呈蓟状，籽可制食用油) 2  a  its dried petals 干红花花瓣b  a red dye made from these, used in rouge etc. 红花染料(用作胭脂等) [Dutch saffloer or German Safflor via Old French saffleur from obsolete Italian saffiore from Arabic aṣfar]

saffron /ˈsæfr(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an orange-yellow flavouring and food colouring made from the dried stigmas of the crocus, Crocus sativus (用于食品调味和着色的)干藏红花柱头 2  the orange-yellow colour of this 橘黄色 3  = MEADOW SAFFRON  ●adj.  of an orange-yellow colour 藏红花色的，橘黄色的 □ saffrony  adj.   [Middle English via Old French safran from Arabic zaˈfarɑˉn]

safranine /ˈsæfrəni:n/ n. (also 亦作 safranin /-nin/)  any of a large group of mainly red dyes used in biological staining etc. 藏红类染料 [originally of dye from saffron: French safranine (as SAFFRON)]

sag /sæɡ/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (sagged, sagging)  1  sink or subside under weight or pressure, esp. unevenly (由于重力或压力，尤指不均匀地)下垂，下陷 2  have a downward bulge or curve in the middle (从中部)下弯；下陷 3  fall in price (价格)下落，下跌 4 (of a ship) drift from its course, esp. to leeward (尤指船只向下风)漂流 ●n.  1  a  the amount that a rope etc. sags (绳等的)松弛b  the distance from the middle of its curve to a straight line between its supports 下垂度 2  a sinking condition; subsidence 下沉，下陷 3  a fall in price 降价 4 Naut.  a tendency to leeward 【海】(向下风)漂流 □ saggy  adj.  下垂的，松垂的 [Middle English from Middle Low German sacken, Dutch zakken subside]

saga /ˈsɑ:ɡə/ n.  1  a long story of heroic achievement, esp. a medieval Icelandic or Norwegian prose narrative 英雄传奇故事(尤指中世纪冰岛或挪威的散文体叙事故事) 2  a series of connected books giving the history of a family etc. (多卷本的)家世小说 3  a long involved story (情节曲折的)长篇故事 [Old Norse, = narrative, related to SAW3]

sagacious /səˈɡeiʃəs/ adj.  1  mentally penetrating; gifted with discernment; having practical wisdom 敏锐的；精于鉴别的；智慧的 2  acute-minded, shrewd 聪敏的，精明的 3 (of a saying, plan, etc.) showing wisdom (俗语、计划等)显示出智慧的，有见地的 4 (of an animal) exceptionally intelligent; seeming to reason or deliberate (指动物)特别有灵性的；似乎能推理或思考的，通人性的 □ sagaciously  adv.  □ sagacity  /səˈɡæsiti/ n.   [Latin sagax sagacis]

sagamore /ˈsæɡəmɔ:/ n.  = SACHEM 1  [Algonquian]

sage1 /seidʒ/ n.  1  an aromatic herb, Salvia officinalis, with dull greyish-green leaves 鼠尾草(叶片呈暗灰绿色) 2  its leaves used in cookery (用做调料的)鼠尾草叶 □ sagy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French sauge from Latin salvia ‘healing plant’, from salvus ‘safe’]

sage2 /seidʒ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 often iron.  a profoundly wise man [常讽]圣贤，圣人，哲人 2  any of the ancients traditionally regarded as the wisest of their time 古代圣贤，先贤 ●adj.  1  profoundly wise, esp. from experience 贤明的，睿智的(尤指来自经验) 2  of or indicating profound wisdom 表现出睿智的 3 often iron.  wise-looking; solemn-faced [常讽]貌似聪明的；道貌岸然的 □ sagely  adv.  □ sageness  n.  □ sageship  n.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin sapere ‘be wise’]

sage and onion n. (in full 全称 sage and onion stuffing)  a stuffing used with poultry, pork, etc. (烹鸡、鸭和猪肉等用的)香料洋葱填料

sagebrush /ˈseidʒbrʌʃ/ n.  1  an area covered by shrubby aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia, esp. A. tridentata, found in some semi-arid regions of western N. America 山艾覆盖地区(在北美西部半干旱地区) 2  this plant 山艾

sage Derby n. (also 亦作 sage Derby cheese)  a cheese made with an infusion of sage which flavours and mottles it 鼠尾草干酪(加有鼠尾草干叶而有香味，呈浅绿色)

sage green n. & adj. ●n.  the colour of sage leaves (鼠尾草干叶的)灰绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 灰绿色的

sage grouse n.  a large grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, of western N. America, noted for the male's courtship display 艾草榛鸡(体形较大，产于北美西部，雄鸡求偶的展示较为著称)

sage tea n.  a medicinal infusion of sage leaves 鼠尾草茶，鼠尾草煎汁

saggar /ˈsæɡə/ n. (also 亦作 sagger)  a protective fireclay box enclosing ceramic ware while it is being fired (烧制陶瓷用的)匣钵，烧箱 [probably a contraction of SAFEGUARD]

sagittal /ˈsædʒit(ə)l, səˈdʒi-/ adj. Anat. 【解】  1  of or relating to the suture on top of the skull between the parietal bones 颅顶骨矢状合缝的 2  of or in a plane parallel to this suture, esp. that dividing the body into left and right halves 矢形面的，纵分面的，纵分的(尤指将体位分为左右两部分的缝线) [French from medieval Latin sagittalis, from sagitta ‘arrow’]

Sagittarius /sædʒiˈtɛəriəs/ n.  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Archer), said to represent a centaur carrying a bow and arrow, and in which the centre of the Galaxy is situated 【天】人马星座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the ninth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 22 Nov 人马宫(黄道 12 宫的第 9 宫，太阳约在 11 月 22 日入此)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 属人马座的人 □ Sagittarian  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin, = archer, from sagitta ‘arrow’]

sagittate /ˈsædʒiteit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  shaped like an arrowhead 【植】【动】箭头形的

sago /ˈseiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a kind of starch, made from the powdered pith of the sago palm and used in puddings etc. 西谷米(由西谷椰子茎髓制成的淀粉质食物) 2 (in full 全称 sago palm)  any of several tropical palms and cycads, esp. Cycas circinalis and Metroxylon sagu, from which sago is made 西谷椰子，苏铁(可制西谷米) [Malay sɑˉgū (originally through Portuguese)]

saguaro /səˈɡwɑ:rəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 sahuaro /səˈwɑ:rəʊ/) (pl. -os)  a giant cactus, Carnegiea gigantea, of the SW United States and Mexico (美国西南部和墨西哥的)树形仙人掌 [Mexican Spanish]

Sahara /səˈhɑ:rə/ n.  撒哈拉沙漠 [非洲北部]

sahib /ˈsɑ:(h)ib, sɑ:b/ n.  1 (in India) a polite form of address, often placed after a person's name or title (印度尊称，常放在名字或官衔之后)先生，老爷 2  a gentleman 绅士  pukka sahib  绅士 [Urdu from Arabic ṣɑˉḥīb ‘friend, lord’]

said past and past part.  of SAY 

saiga /ˈseiɡə, ˈsaiɡə/ n.  an antelope, Saiga tartarica, of the Asian steppes, having a distinctive inflated snout 赛加羚羊，高鼻羚羊 [Russian]

sail /seil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of material (originally canvas, now usu. nylon etc.) extended on rigging to catch the wind and propel a boat or ship 帆，篷 2  a ship's sails collectively (总称)船帆 3  a  a voyage or excursion in a sailing ship (乘坐帆船的)航行，航程b  a voyage of specified duration (时限确定的)航行 4  a ship, esp. as discerned from its sails (尤指可从帆上辨识出的)帆船 5 (collect. 集合名词)  ships in a squadron or company (总称)船只，船队  a fleet of twenty sail  20 只船的船队 6 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. Naut. [英]【海】  a slang  a maker or repairer of sails [俚语]制帆工，修帆工b hist.  a chief petty officer in charge of rigging [史义]帆具官 7  a wind-catching apparatus, usu. a set of boards, attached to the arm of a windmill (尤指装在风车上的)帆状物，翼板 8  a  the dorsal fin of a sailfish (旗鱼的)脊鳍b  the tentacle of a nautilus (鹦鹉螺的)触手c  the float of a Portuguese man-of-war (僧帽水母的)浮器 ●v.  1 intr.  travel on water by the use of sails or engine power (用风帆或机动力)航行 2 tr.  a  navigate (a ship etc.) 驾驶(船等)b  travel on (a sea) (在海上)航行 3 tr.  set (a toy boat) afloat 使(玩具船)漂浮 4 intr.  glide or move smoothly or in a stately manner (轻快或优雅地)滑翔，移动 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through) colloq.  succeed easily [口]轻易取胜  sailed through the exams  轻易通过考试 □ sail close to (or near) the wind   1  sail as nearly against the wind as possible 逆风航行，切风(几乎逆风)行驶 2  come close to indecency or dishonesty; risk overstepping the mark 几乎犯法，几乎逾规□ sail into  colloq.  attack physically or verbally with force [口]猛击；痛骂，辱骂□ take in sail   1  furl the sail or sails of a vessel 收起船帆，卷起船帆 2  moderate one's ambitions 克制野心□ under sail   with sails set 扬帆行驶，航行中□ sailable  adj.  □ sailed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ sailless  adj.   [Old English segel, from Germanic]

sail-arm n.  the arm of a windmill (风车的)翼板

sailboard /ˈseilbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a mast and sail, used in windsurfing (冲浪)帆板 □ sailboarder  n.  □ sailboarding  n.  帆板运动

sailboat /ˈseilbəʊt/ n. US [美]  = SAILING BOAT 

sailcloth /ˈseilklɒθ/ n.  1  canvas or other material for sails (制帆用的)帆布 2  a canvas-like dress material (作为衣料的)帆布

sailer /ˈseilə/ n.  a ship of specified sailing-power (具有特定性能的)船只  a good sailer  性能好的船

sailfish /ˈseilfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any large marine game fish of the genus Istiophorus, with a tall dorsal fin and a spearlike snout 旗鱼(大背鳍，鼻子呈矛状) 2  a basking shark 姥鲨

sail-fluke n.  = MEGRIM2 

sailing boat n. esp. Brit.  a boat driven by sails [尤英]帆船

sailing master n.  an officer navigating a ship, esp. Brit. a yacht 船舰领航员；[尤英]游艇领航员

sailing orders n. pl.  instructions to a captain regarding departure, destination, etc. (向船长下达的)开航通知；到达目的港通知

sailing ship n.  = SAILING BOAT 

sailmaker /ˈseilmeikə/ n.  a person who makes, repairs, or alters sails 制帆工，修帆工 □ sailmaking  n.  

sailor /ˈseilə/ n.  1  a member of the crew of a ship or boat, esp. one below the rank of officer 水手，海员，水兵 2  a person considered as liable or not liable to seasickness (以是否晕船衡量的)乘船者  a good sailor  不晕船的人 □ sailoring  n.  □ sailorless  adj.  □ sailorly  adj.   [variant of SAILER]

sailor hat n.  1  a straw hat with a straight narrow brim and flat top 水手帽(平顶窄边草帽) 2  a hat with a turned-up brim in imitation of a sailor's, worn by women and children 仿水手帽(妇女或儿童戴的平顶卷边草帽)

sailor suit n.  a suit like that of an ordinary seaman, worn esp. by small boys (尤指男孩穿的)仿水兵服

sailplane /ˈseilplein/ n.  a glider designed for sustained flight 滑翔机

sainfoin /ˈseinfɔin, ˈsæn-/ n.  a pink-flowered leguminous plant, Onobrychis viciifolia, grown for fodder 红豆草，驴食草(开粉红色花，用作草料) [obsolete French saintfoin from modern Latin sanum foenum ‘wholesome hay’ (because of its medicinal properties)]

saint /seint, before a name usu. 在名字前通常作 s(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n. (abbr. [缩略] St or S; pl. Sts or SS)  1  a holy or (in some Churches) a canonized person regarded as having a place in heaven 圣人；(教会正式尊崇的)圣徒 2 (作 Saint or St)  the title of a saint or archangel, hence used in the names of churches etc.  St Paul's  圣保罗大教堂, sometimes without reference to a saint  St Cross  圣十字架 St Saviour's  圣救世主, or (often with the loss of the apostrophe) in the names of places  St Andrews  圣安德鲁 St Albans  圣奥尔本斯 圣徒(或天使长)的尊号(因此用于教堂名等) (有时不提及圣徒的名字) (或用于地名，常常省略撇号 (’)) 3  a very virtuous person; a person of great real or affected holiness 道德崇高的人；圣徒般的人  would try the patience of a saint  即使是圣人也无法忍受 4  a member of the company of heaven 天国里的人  with all the angels and saints  和所有的天使和天国里的人一起 5 (Bibl., archaic, and used by Puritans, Mormons, etc. 【圣经】[古义]为清教徒、摩门教徒等所用)  one of God's chosen people; a member of the Christian Church or one's own branch of it 上帝的选民；基督教徒；自己教派的成员 ●v. tr.  1  canonize; admit to the calendar of saints 正式封为圣徒；准予成为宗教纪念节日 2  call or regard as a saint 称作圣徒，视为圣徒 3 (as 作 sainted adj.)  sacred; of a saintly life; worthy to be regarded as a saint 神圣的；圣徒似的 □ my sainted aunt   see 见 AUNT □ saintdom  n.  □ sainthood  n.  □ saintlike  adj.  □ saintling  n.  □ saintship  n.   [Middle English via Old French seint, saint from Latin sanctus ‘holy’, past part. of sancire ‘consecrate’]

saintly /ˈseintli/ adj. (saintlier, saintliest)  very holy or virtuous 非常神圣的；道德高尚的 □ saintliness  n.  

saintpaulia /s(ə)ntˈpɔ:liə/ n.  = AFRICAN VIOLET  [named after Baron W. von Saint Paul, German soldier d. 1910, its discoverer Saint Paul]

saint's day n.  a Church festival in memory of a saint 圣徒节

saith /seθ/ archaic [古义] 3rd sing. present  of SAY 

saithe /seiθ/ n.  a codlike edible fish, Pollachius virens, with skin that soils fingers like wet coal Also called 亦称作 coalfish, coley 黑鳕，青鳕(可食用，其皮可如湿煤一样把手弄脏) [Old Norse seithr]

sake1 /seik/ n.   □ for Christ's (or God's or goodness' or heaven's or Pete's etc.) sake   an expression of urgency, impatience, supplication, anger, etc. 看在上帝的份上；天哪(表达急迫、不耐烦、请求、愤怒等情绪)□ for old times' sake   in memory of former times 念及过去；念及老交情□ for the sake of (or for a person's sake)   1  out of consideration for; in the interest of; because of; owing to 出于…的考虑；为了…的利益；由于  for my own sake as well as yours  为了我，也为了你 2  in order to please, honour, get, or keep 为了使…喜欢；为了给予荣誉；为了得到，为了保持  for the sake of uniformity  为了保持一致 [Old English sacu ‘contention, charge, fault, sake’, from Germanic]

sake2 /ˈsɑ:ki, ˈsækei/ n.  a Japanese alcoholic drink made from rice (用米制做的)日本清酒 [Japanese]

saker /ˈseikə/ n.  1  a large Eurasian falcon, Falco cherrug, used in falconry 猎隼(体大，用于捕猎) 2 hist.  an old form of cannon [史义]旧式大炮 [Middle English via Old French sacre (in both senses) from Arabic sakr]

Sakhalin /ˌsɑ:hɑ:ˈli:n/ n.  萨哈林岛(即库页岛) [俄罗斯]

saki /ˈsɑ:ki/ n. (pl. sakis)  any monkey of the genus Pithecia or Chiropotes, native to S. America, having coarse fur and a long non-prehensile tail 僧面猴，粗尾猿(产于南美) [French, from Tupi çahy]

Sakta /ˈʃɑ:ktə/ n.  a member of a Hindu sect worshipping the Sakti (崇拜女神沙克蒂的)印度性力派教徒 [Sanskrit šɑˉkta, relating to power or to the SAKTI]

Sakti /ˈʃækti/ n. (also 亦作 sakti) (in Hinduism) the female principle, esp. when personified as the wife of a god (印度教)女性性力(尤指该特质被人格化为神的妻子) [Sanskrit šakti ‘power, divine energy’]

Sal /sæl/   萨尔 [人名]

sal /sɑ:l/ n.  a N. Indian tree, Shorea robusta, yielding teaklike timber and dammar resin 婆罗双树(产于印度北部，能产类似柚木的木材和达马树脂) [Hindi sɑˉl]

salaam /səˈlɑ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the oriental salutation ‘Peace’ “平安”(东方国家的问候用语) 2  an obeisance, with or without the salutation, often consisting of a low bow of the head and body with the right palm on the forehead 敬礼，额手礼(问候语有无皆可，通常深弯腰，右掌置前额上) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  respectful compliments (表示尊敬的)赞词 ●v.  1 tr.  make a salaam to (a person) (向某人)行额手礼 2 intr.  make a salaam 行额手礼 [Arabic salɑˉm]

salable var.  of SALEABLE  SALEABLE 的变体

salacious /səˈleiʃəs/ adj.  1  lustful; lecherous 好色的，淫荡的 2 (of writings, pictures, talk, etc.) tending to cause sexual desire (文字、图画、话语等)淫秽的 □ salaciously  adv.  □ salaciousness  n.  □ salacity  /səˈlæsiti/ n.   [Latin salax salacis from salire ‘leap’]

salad /ˈsæləd/ n.  1  a cold dish of various mixtures of raw or cooked vegetables or herbs, usu. seasoned with oil, vinegar, etc. 色拉(一种凉拌菜，用各种生或熟蔬菜拌成，通常用油和醋等调味) 2  a vegetable or herb suitable for eating raw 生菜；可生吃的蔬菜 [Middle English via Old French salade from Provençal salada, ultimately from Latin sal ‘salt’]

salad cream n. Brit.  creamy salad dressing [英]奶油色拉调料

salad days n. pl.  a period of youthful inexperience 年少欠阅历的时期

salad dressing n.  a mixture of oil, vinegar, etc., used with salad 色拉调味料

salade var.  of SALLET  SALLET 的变体

salamander /ˈsæləmændə/ n.  1 Zool.  any tailed newtlike amphibian of the order Urodela, esp. the genus Salamandra, once thought able to endure fire 【动】蝾螈(曾被认为不怕火) 2  a mythical lizard-like creature credited with this property (传说中不怕火的)火蜥蜴 3 US dial. [美方]  = GOPHER1 1  4  an elemental spirit living in fire 火精，火怪 5  a red-hot iron used for lighting pipes, gunpowder, etc. 引火棒 6  a metal plate heated and placed over food to brown it 烤板(烧热后贴近食物使其表面焦黄) □ salamandrian  /-ˈmændriən/ adj.  □ salamandrine  /-ˈmændrin/ adj.  □ salamandroid  /-ˈmændrɔid/ adj. & n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French salamandre and Latin salamandra from Greek salamandra]

salami /səˈlɑ:mi/ n. (pl. salamis)  a highly-seasoned originally Italian sausage often flavoured with garlic 萨拉米香肠，(意大利式)蒜味香肠 [Italian, pl. of salame, from a Late Latin word meaning ‘to salt’]

sal ammoniac /sæl əˈməʊniæk/ n.  ammonium chloride, a white crystalline salt 氯化铵，盐卤 [Latin sal ammoniacus ‘salt of Ammon’: see AMMONIACAL]

salariat /səˈlɛəriət/ n.  the salaried class 工薪阶层 [French from salaire (see SALARY), on the pattern of prolétariat]

salary /ˈsæləri/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a fixed regular payment, usu. monthly or quarterly, made by an employer to an employee, esp. a professional or white-collar worker (cf. 参见 WAGE n. 1) 薪水，薪金(每月或每季由雇主发给雇员，尤指发给专业人员或白领职员) ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. as 通常作 salaried adj.)  pay a salary to 付薪金给… [Middle English via Anglo-French salarie, Old French salaire from Latin salarium, originally a soldier's salt-money, from sal ‘salt’]

salaryman /ˈsælərimæn/ n. (pl. salarymen) (in Japan) a white-collar worker (日本)白领职员

salbutamol /sælˈbju:təmɒl/ n. Pharm.  a drug used esp. as a bronchodilator to treat asthma (cf. 参见 VENTOLIN) 【药】沙丁氨醇(尤作治疗哮喘的支气管扩张药) [from SALICYLIC ACID + BUTYL + AMINE + -OL1]

salchow /ˈsælkəʊ/ n.  a jump in figure skating from the backward inside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with a full turn in the air (花样滑冰中的)后内结环一周跳 [named after U. Salchow, Swedish skater d. 1949]

sale /seil/ n.  1  the exchange of a commodity for money etc.; an act or instance of selling 卖，出售；销售 2  the amount sold 销售额  the sales were enormous  销售额巨大 3  the rapid disposal of goods at reduced prices for a period esp. at the end of a season etc. (尤指季节末等阶段性)降价销售 4  a  an event at which goods are sold 商贸会b  a public auction 拍卖 □ on (or for or up for) sale   offered for purchase 出售，上市 [Old English sala from Old Norse]

saleable /ˈseiləb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 salable)  fit to be sold; finding purchasers 宜于出售的；待售的 □ saleability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

sale of work n. Brit.  an event where goods made by parishioners etc. are sold for charity [英]义卖(为慈善事业而出售教会人员等制做的产品)

sale or return n. (often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符) Brit.  an arrangement by which a purchaser takes a quantity of goods with the right of returning surplus goods without payment [英]剩货保退的销售(买方无须付费可以退掉剩余的商品)

salep /ˈsæləp/ n.  a starchy preparation of the dried tubers of various orchids, used in cookery and formerly medicinally 色利普粉(从兰科植物块茎提制的食用淀粉，旧时亦作药用) [French via Turkish sɑˉlep from Arabic (kuṣa-'l-) taˈlab ‘fox, fox's testicles’, the name of an orchid]

saleratus /sæləˈreitəs/ n. US  an ingredient of baking powder consisting mainly of potassium or sodium bicarbonate [美]发酵粉，小苏打，碳酸氢钠 [modern Latin sal aeratus ‘aerated salt’]

sale ring n. Brit.  a circle of buyers at an auction [英] (拍卖时聚集起的)顾客群

saleroom /ˈseilru:m, -rʊm/ n. esp. Brit.  a room in which items are sold at auction [尤英]拍卖行

sales clerk n. N. Amer.  a salesman or saleswoman in a shop [北美]售货员，营业员

sales department n.  the section of a firm concerned with selling as opposed to manufacturing or dispatching goods 销售部，营业部

sales engineer n.  a salesperson with technical knowledge of the goods and their market (具有商品和市场专业知识的)销售师

salesgirl /ˈseilzɡɜ:l/ n.  a saleswoman 女售货员

Salesian /səˈli:zj(ə)n, -li:ʒ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of an educational religious order within the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教中的)撒肋爵会教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to this order 撒肋爵会的 [from the name of the order's founder, St François de Sales, French RC bishop d. 1622]

saleslady /ˈseilzleidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a saleswoman 女售货员

salesman /ˈseilzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. saleswoman, pl. -women)  1  a person employed to sell goods in a shop, or as an agent between the producer and retailer 售货员；(生产厂家与销售商之间的)代理人 2 US  a commercial traveller [美]推销员

salesmanship /ˈseilzmənʃip/ n.  1  skill in selling 推销术 2  the techniques used in selling 推销技巧

salesperson /ˈseilzpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. -persons or people)  a salesman or saleswoman (used as a neutral alternative) 售货员(男女均可)

sales resistance n.  the opposition or apathy of a prospective customer etc. to be overcome by salesmanship (需用推销术克服的)顾客的抵制推销情绪

salesroom /ˈseilzru:m, -rʊm/ n. US [美]  = SALEROOM 

sales talk n.  persuasive talk to promote the sale of goods or the acceptance of an idea etc. (商品的)推销；(思想等的)宣传

sales tax n.  a tax on sales or on the receipts from sales 销售税；营业税

saleswoman  see 见 SALESMAN 

Salian /ˈseiliən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Salii, a 4th-c. Frankish people living near the River Ijssel, from which the Merovingians were descended 萨利人的 ●n.  a member of this people 萨利人(公元 4 世纪时居住在艾塞尔河附近的法兰克人的支脉，墨洛温人的先人) [Late Latin Salii]

Salic /ˈsælik, ˈsei-/ adj.  = SALIANadj.  [French Salique or medieval Latin Salicus from Salii (as SALIAN)]

salicet /ˈsæliset/ n.  an organ stop like a salicional but one octave higher 萨利西特音栓(比瑟利申纳尔音栓高八度) [as SALICIONAL]

salicin /ˈsælisin/ n. (also 亦作 salicine /-si:n/)  a bitter crystalline glucoside with analgesic properties, obtained from poplar and willow bark 水杨苷(一种可止痛的葡萄苷，味苦，呈水晶状，从杨树皮或柳树皮中提取) [French salicine from Latin salix -icis ‘willow’]

salicional /səˈliʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ n.  an organ stop with a soft reedy tone like that of a willow-pipe 瑟利申纳尔音栓 [German, from Latin salix -icis ‘willow’]

Salic law n. hist. [史义]  1  a law excluding females from dynastic succession, esp. as the alleged fundamental law of the French monarchy 萨利法典(该法典不准女子继承王位，尤指法国君主制的基本法典) 2  a Frankish law-book extant in Merovingian and Carolingian times 法兰克律书(尚存的梅罗文加王朝和卡洛林王朝律书)

salicylic acid /sæliˈsilik/ n.  a bitter chemical used as a fungicide and in the manufacture of aspirin and dyestuffs 水杨酸，邻羟基苯甲酸 □ salicylate  /səˈlisileit/ n.   [salicyl, its radical, from French salicyle (as SALICIN)]

salient /ˈseiliənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  jutting out; prominent; conspicuous, most noticeable 显著的，突出的，引人注目的 2 (of an angle, esp. in fortification) pointing outwards (opp. 反义 RE-ENTRANT adj. 1) (尤指防卫工事中的角度)凸角的，突出的 3 Heraldry (of a lion etc.) standing on its hind legs with the forepaws raised 【纹章学】(狮子等)后腿站立前爪举起的 4 archaic [古义]  a  leaping or dancing 跳跃的，舞蹈的b (of water etc.) jetting forth (水等)涌出的，喷射的 ●n.  1  a salient angle or part of a work in fortification 凸角，(防御工事的)突出部位 2  an outward bulge in a line of military attack or defence (进攻或防御战线中的)前突部 □ salience  n.  □ saliency  n.  □ saliently  adv.   [Latin salire ‘leap’]

salientian /seiliˈenʃiən, -ˈent-/ adj. & n.  = ANURAN  [modern Latin Salientia (as SALIENT)]

salient point n.  1  an important or significant point 重点，要点 2 archaic  the initial stage, origin, or first beginning [古义]初始阶段，起源，开端

saliferous /səˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj. Geol. (of rock etc.) containing much salt 【地质】(岩石等)富含盐的 [Latin sal ‘salt’ + -FEROUS]

salina /səˈlainə/ n.  1  a salt lake, spring, or marsh 盐湖，盐泉，盐沼 2  a salt pan or salt works 煮盐锅；制盐场 [Spanish from medieval Latin, = salt pit (as SALINE)]

saline /ˈseilain/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of natural waters, springs, etc.) impregnated with or containing salt or salts (水或泉等)含盐的 2 (of food or drink etc.) tasting of salt (食物或饮料等)咸的 3  of chemical salts 化学盐类的 4  of the nature of a salt 盐性的 5 Med.  containing a salt or salts of alkaline metals or magnesium, esp. sodium chloride 【医】含盐的，含氯化钠的 ●n.  1  = SALINA  2  a solution of salt in water 盐水 3  a saline substance , esp. (尤指) = PHYSIOLOGICAL SALINE 含盐物质 □ salinity  /səˈliniti/ n.  □ salinization  /sælinaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  □ salinometer  /sæliˈnɒmitə/ n.   [Middle English from Latin sal ‘salt’]

saliva /səˈlaivə/ n.  liquid secreted into the mouth by glands to provide lubrication, facilitate chewing and swallowing, and aid digestion 涎，唾液 □ salivary  /səˈlaivəri, ˈsæli-/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin]

salivate /ˈsæliveit/ v.  1 intr.  secrete or discharge saliva esp. in excess or in greedy anticipation 分泌唾液；垂涎(尤指过分或贪婪的期待) 2 tr.  produce an unusual secretion of saliva in (a person) usu. with mercury (通常由于汞中毒而)多涎 □ salivation  /sæliˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin salivare (as SALIVA)]

saliva test n.  a scientific test requiring a saliva sample 唾液化验

Salk vaccine /sɔ:lk/ n.  a vaccine developed against polio 索尔克氏疫苗；灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 [named after J. E. Salk, American scientist b. 1914]

sallee var.  of SALLY3  SALLY3 的变体

sallet /ˈsælit/ n. (also 亦作 salade /səˈlɑ:d/) hist.  a light helmet with an outward-curving rear part [史义] (带护颈的)轻盔 [French salade, ultimately via Latin caelare ‘engrave’ from caelum ‘chisel’]

sallow1 /ˈsæləʊ/ adj. & v. ●adj. (sallower, sallowest) (of the skin or complexion, or of a person) of a sickly yellow or pale brown (皮肤或面色因病而呈)灰黄色的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become sallow (使)成为灰黄色，使变成灰黄色 □ sallowish  adj.  □ sallowness  n.   [Old English salo ‘dusky’, from Germanic]

sallow2 /ˈsæləʊ/ n.  1  a willow tree, esp. one of a low-growing or shrubby kind 黄华柳，山毛柳 2  the wood or a shoot of this 黄华柳木；黄华柳芽 □ sallowy  adj.   [Old English salh salg- from Germanic: related to Old High German salaha, Old Norse selja, Latin salix]

Sally /ˈsæli/ n. Brit. [英] (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the Salvation Army 救世军 2  a member of this. 救世军成员 [abbreviation]

sally1 /ˈsæli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sudden charge from a fortification upon its besiegers; a sortie 突击，突围 2  a going forth; an excursion 动身；游览，短途旅行 3  a witticism; a piece of banter; a lively remark esp. by way of attack upon a person or thing or of a diversion in argument (针对人或事或争论中所用的)妙语，俏皮话，戏谑语 4  a sudden start into activity; an outburst 突然行动；迸发 5 archaic  an escapade [古义]越轨行为；恶作剧 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out, forth)  go for a walk, set out on a journey etc. 外出散步；出发旅行(等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  make a military sally 出击；突围 3 archaic  issue or come out suddenly [古义]突然发布，突然出现 [French saillie, fem. past part. of saillir ‘issue’, via Old French salir from Latin salire ‘leap’]

sally2 /ˈsæli/ n. Brit. [英] (pl. -ies)  1  the part of a bell rope prepared with inwoven wool for holding 钟绳(或铃绳)的一段(内织有羊毛，专为手握之用) 2  a  the first movement of a bell when set for ringing (预定响铃时)铃的初动b  the bell's position when set (预定后)铃的位置 [perhaps from SALLY1 in sense ‘leaping motion’]

sally3 /ˈsæli/ n. (also 亦作 sallee) (pl. -ies or -ees) Austral.  any of several eucalypts and acacias resembling the willow [澳] (类似柳树的)黄毛柳，山毛柳 [dialect variant of SALLOW2]

sally-hole n.  the hole through which the bell rope passes (钟或铃的)穿绳孔

Sally Lunn /sæli ˈlʌn/ n.  a sweet light teacake, properly served hot 莎莉伦饼(一种茶点甜饼，热时食用) [perhaps from the name of a woman selling them at Bath c. 1800]

sally-port n.  an opening in a fortification for making a sally from (碉堡、防御工事的)出击口

salmagundi /sælməˈɡʌndi/ n. (pl. salmagundis)  1  a dish of chopped meat, anchovies, eggs, onions, etc., and seasoning (由碎肉、鳀、蛋、洋葱等与调味品拌成的)凉拌拼盘 2  a general mixture; a miscellaneous collection of articles, subjects, qualities, etc. 大杂烩；(不同文章、题材、质量等的)混合拼凑 [French salmigondis, of unknown origin]

salmanazar /sælməˈneizə/ n.  a wine bottle of about 12 times the standard size (约 12 倍于标准尺寸的)大酒瓶 [named after Shalmaneser, King of Assyria (2 Kings 17-18)]

salmi /ˈsælmi/ n. (pl. salmis)  a ragout or casserole esp. of partly roasted game birds 浓汁沙锅菜(尤指炖野禽) [French, abbreviation formed as SALMAGUNDI]

salmon /ˈsæmən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or (esp. of types 尤指不同种类时) salmons)  1  a migratory fish of the family Salmonidae, esp. of the genus Salmo, much prized for its pink flesh 鲑，大麻哈鱼(因其肉粉红色而名贵) 2  any of various similar but unrelated fishes, including 与鲑相似(但不是该品种)的鱼类，包括 :a Austral. & NZ (in full 全称 Australian salmon)  a large green and silver marine fish, Arripis trutta [澳新]澳大利亚鲑鱼(体大，呈银绿色)b US  an American sea trout of the genus Cynoscion [美]美国海鲑 3  salmon pink 鲑肉粉红色 ●adj.  salmon pink 鲑肉粉红色的 □ salmonoid  adj. & n. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ salmony  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French sa(u)moun, Old French saumon from Latin salmo -onis]

salmonella /sælməˈnelə/ n. (pl. salmonellae /-li:/)  1  any bacterium of the genus Salmonella, esp. any of various serotypes causing food poisoning 沙门氏菌(尤指各种引起食物中毒的细菌) 2  food poisoning caused by infection with salmonellae 沙门氏菌食物中毒 □ salmonellosis  /-ˈləʊsis/ n.   [modern Latin, named after D. E. Salmon, American veterinary surgeon d. 1914]

salmonid /ˈsælmənid, sælˈmɒnid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the family Salmonidae, which includes salmon and trout 鲑科的 ●n.  a fish of this family 鲑科鱼

salmon-ladder n. (also 亦作 salmon-leap)  a series of steps or other arrangement incorporated in a dam to allow salmon to pass upstream (使大麻哈鱼跃过海坝而上溯内河的)鱼梯，鱼道

salmon pink n. & adj. ●n.  the colour of salmon flesh 鲑肉粉红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 鲑肉粉红色的

salmon trout n.  1  = SEA TROUT 1  2  any of various similar fishes, e.g. the Australian salmon, the N. American lake trout 欧鳟(如澳大利亚鲑鱼、北美湖鲑鱼)

salon /ˈsælɒn/ n.  1  the reception room of a large, esp. French or continental, house (尤指法式或大陆式大房子中的)客厅，会客室 2  a room or establishment where a hairdresser, beautician, etc., conducts trade (营业性)厅、室、店(如理发厅、美容厅等) 3  a hist.  a meeting of eminent people in the reception room of a (esp. Parisian) lady of fashion [史义]沙龙(尤指巴黎的贵妇名流的家庭社交聚会)b US  a meeting of esp. intellectuals at the invitation of usu. a celebrity or socialite [美] (尤指应社会知名人士之邀的)文化名流的聚会 4 (作 Salon)  an annual exhibition in Paris of the work of living artists (一年一度展出仍在世的艺术家的作品的)巴黎美术展览会 [French: see SALOON]

salon music n.  light music for the drawing room etc. (在客厅等播放的)轻音乐，沙龙音乐

saloon /səˈlu:n/ n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a large room or hall, esp. in a hotel or public building (尤指旅馆或公共建筑内的)大房间，大厅b  a public room or gallery for a specified purpose (作特殊用途的)厅，室  billiard saloon  台球厅 shooting saloon  射击厅 2 (in full 全称 saloon car) Brit.  a motor car with a closed body, boot, and no partition behind the driver [英]箱式小客车 3  a public room on a ship (客轮上的)交谊厅 4 US colloq. or joc.  a drinking bar [美口] [诙]酒吧 5 (in full 全称 saloon bar) Brit.  the more comfortable bar in a public house [英] (旅馆等的)雅座酒吧 6 (in full 全称 saloon car) Brit.  a luxurious railway carriage serving as a lounge etc. [英] (火车用作休息室等的)豪华客车厢 [French salon from Italian salone, augmentative of sala ‘hall’]

saloon deck n.  a deck for passengers using the saloon 餐厅甲板

saloon-keeper n. US  a publican or bartender [美]酒馆老板，酒吧老板

saloon pistol n. (also 亦作 saloon rifle) Brit.  a pistol or rifle adapted for short-range practice in a shooting saloon [英] (经改造而适合在射击厅使用的)射击手枪

salopettes /sæləˈpets/ n. pl.  trousers with a high waist and shoulder straps, worn esp. for skiing (高腰有肩带的)裤子(尤指滑雪服) [French salopette + -s by analogy with trousers etc.]

Salopian /səˈləʊpiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Shropshire 萨洛普郡人 ●adj.  of or relating to Shropshire 萨洛普郡的 [Anglo-French Salopesberia via Middle English from Old English Scrobbesbyrig ‘Shrewsbury’]

salpiglossis /sælpiˈɡlɒsis/ n.  any plant of the genus Salpiglossis (nightshade family), cultivated for its funnel-shaped flowers 蛾蝶花，喇叭舌草 [modern Latin, formed irregularly from Greek salpigx ‘trumpet’ + glōssa ‘tongue’]

salping- /ˈsælpiŋ/ comb. form Med.  denoting the Fallopian tubes [构词成分]【医】表示“输卵管” [Greek salpigx salpiggos, literally ‘trumpet’]

salpingectomy /sælpiŋˈdʒektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the Fallopian tubes 输卵管切除术

salpingitis /sælpinˈdʒaitis/ n. Med.  inflammation of the Fallopian tubes 【医】输卵管炎

salsa /ˈsælsə/ n.  1  a kind of dance music of Latin American origin, incorporating jazz and rock elements 萨尔萨舞曲(源自拉丁美洲，吸收了爵士乐与摇滚乐的成分) 2  a dance performed to this music 萨尔萨舞 3 (esp. in Latin American cookery) a usu. spicy sauce, esp. one served with meat (尤指拉美烹饪中的)辣调味料，辣调味汁(尤作为肉的调味品) [Spanish (as SAUCE)]

salsify /ˈsælsifi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a European plant, Tragopogon porrifolius, with long cylindrical fleshy roots 婆罗门参(根长且肉质多) 2  this root used as a vegetable (作为蔬菜的)婆罗门参菜 [French salsifis from obsolete Italian salsefica, of unknown origin]

SALT /sɔ:lt, sɒlt/ abbr.  Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (or Treaty) [缩略]限制战略武器会谈(或协议)

salt /sɔ:lt, sɒlt/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 common salt)  sodium chloride; the substance that gives sea water its characteristic taste, obtained in crystalline form by mining from strata consisting of it or by the evaporation of sea water, and used for seasoning or preserving food, or for other purposes 氯化钠，盐，食盐 2  a chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or metal-like radical 酸类与碱的化合物 3  sting; piquancy; pungency; wit 俏皮；刺激；巧言  added salt to the conversation  使谈话妙趣横生 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  a substance resembling salt in taste, form, etc. (味道或形状等)似盐的物质  bath salts  浴盐 Epsom salts  泻盐 smelling salts  嗅盐b (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  this type of substance used as a laxative 泻盐 5 (in full 全称 salt marsh)  a marsh, esp. one flooded by the tide, often used as a pasture or for collecting water for salt-making 盐沼，盐碱滩(尤指海潮淹没处，常用作牧场或盐场) 6 (also 亦作 old salt)  an experienced sailor (有经验的)老水手 7 (in pl. 用复数)  an exceptional rush of sea water upriver (异常的)海水涌入内河 ●adj.  1  impregnated with, containing, or tasting of salt; cured or preserved or seasoned with salt 含盐的，咸味的，腌制的 2 (of a plant) growing in the sea or in salt marshes (植物)海生的，在盐沼里生长的 3 (of tears etc.) bitter (泪水等)苦涩的，辛酸的 4 (of wit) pungent (智慧)敏锐的，敏捷的 ●v. tr.  1  cure or preserve with salt or brine (用盐或卤水)腌制 2  season with salt 用盐调味 3  make (a narrative etc.) piquant 使(叙事)有趣味 4  sprinkle (the ground etc.) with salt esp. in order to melt snow etc. (向地面上)撒盐(尤指使雪融化) 5  treat with a solution of salt or mixture of salts 用含盐溶剂或盐混合物处理 6 (as 作 salted adj.) (of a horse or person) hardened or proof against diseases etc. caused by the climate or by special conditions (指人或马)有免疫力的(由气候或特殊条件造成) □ eat salt with  Brit.  be a guest of [英]做客□ in salt   sprinkled with salt or immersed in brine as a preservative 撒上盐的；腌在卤水中的□ not made of salt   not disconcerted by wet weather 不怕雨淋的；不怕潮湿的□ put salt on the tail of   capture (with reference to jocular directions given to children for catching a bird) 捕捉(给捉鸟的孩子的戏谑性指导)□ salt an account  slang  set an extremely high or low price for articles [俚语]做假账□ salt away (or down)  slang  put (money etc.) by [俚语]储蓄；存钱□ salt the books  slang  show receipts as larger than they really have been [俚语]虚报盈余□ salt a mine  slang  introduce extraneous ore, material, etc., to make the source seem rich [俚语] (搀入其他的矿石或材料等)使矿藏显得丰富□ the salt of the earth   a person or people of great worthiness, reliability, honesty, etc.; those whose qualities are exemplary (Matt. 5:13) 品质优秀的人；品质高尚的人(《马太福音》 5:13)□ take with a pinch (or grain) of salt   regard as exaggerated; be incredulous about; believe only part of 不大相信；半信半疑□ worth one's salt   efficient, capable 胜任的，有能力的□ saltish  adj.  □ saltless  adj.  □ saltly  adv.  □ saltness  n.   [Old English s(e)alt s(e)altan from Germanic: related to Latin sal]

salt-and-pepper adj. (of materials etc. and esp. of hair) with light and dark colours mixed together (指材料等，尤指头发)黑白色间杂的

saltarello /sæltəˈreləʊ/ n. (pl. -os or saltarelli /-li/)  an Italian and Spanish dance for one couple, with sudden skips (意大利和西班牙的)萨尔塔雷洛舞(一种双人跳跃舞) [Italian salterello, Spanish saltarelo, related to Italian saltare and Spanish saltar ‘leap, dance’, from Latin saltare (as SALTATION)]

saltation /sælˈteiʃ(ə)n, sɔ:-, sɒ-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of leaping or dancing; a jump 跳跃，跳动；跳舞 2  a sudden transition, esp. Biol. an abrupt evolutionary change 突变；(尤)【生】进化过程中的突变 □ saltatory  /ˈsæltət(ə)ri, ˈsɔ:-, ˈsɒ-/ adj.  □ saltatorial  /sæltəˈtɔ:riəl, sɔ:-, sɒ-/ adj.   [Latin saltatio from saltare, frequentative of salire salt- ‘leap’]

saltbush /ˈsɔ:ltbʊʃ, ˈsɒ-/ n.  = ORACHE 

salt-cat n.  a mass of salt mixed with gravel, urine, etc., to attract pigeons and keep them at home 盐块(用灰泥、尿、盐等材料混合而成以吸引鸽子留在窝内)

salt cellar n.  1  a small container for holding salt and Brit. for sprinkling salt on food 盐瓶 ([英]用来向食物上撒盐) 2 colloq.  an unusually deep hollow above the collarbone, esp. found in women [口] (尤指女性)锁骨上部的深窝 [SALT + obsolete saler from Anglo-French via Old French salier ‘salt-box’ from Latin (as SALARY), assimilated to CELLAR]

salt dome n.  a mass of salt forced up into sedimentary rocks 盐丘，盐穹

salter /ˈsɔ:ltə, ˈsɒ-/ n.  1  a manufacturer or dealer in salt 制盐者；盐商 2  a workman at a salt works 盐工 3  a person who salts fish etc. (鱼等的)腌制工 4  = DRY-SALTER  [Old English sealtere (as SALT)]

saltern /ˈsɔ:ltən, ˈsɒ-/ n.  1  a salt works 制盐厂 2  a set of pools for the natural evaporation of sea water 盐场，盐田 [Old English sealtœrn (as SALT, œrn ‘building’)]

salt fish n. W.Ind.  preserved cod [西印]腌鳕鱼

salt-glaze n. & v. ●n.  a hard stoneware glaze produced by throwing salt into a hot kiln containing the ware 盐釉 ●v. tr.  apply salt-glaze to 给…上盐釉

salt grass n. US  grass growing in salt meadows or in alkaline regions [美] (生长在盐滩或碱地上的)盐草

salt horse n. Naut. slang 【海】[俚语]  1  salt beef 咸牛肉 2 Brit.  a naval officer with general duties [英] (无特定专业的)海军军官

saltigrade /ˈsæltiɡreid, ˈsɔ:-, ˈsɒ-/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of arthropods) moving by leaping or jumping (指节肢动物)跳跃型的 ●n.  a saltigrade arthropod, e.g. a spider, sand-hopper, etc. 跳跃性的节肢动物(如蜘蛛、沙蚤等) [modern Latin Saltigradae from Latin saltus ‘leap’ (from salire salt- ‘to leap’) + -gradus ‘walking’]

salting /ˈsɔ:ltiŋ, ˈsɒ-/ n.  1  in senses of SALT v. 用于 SALT 的动词各释义 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) Brit. Geol.  a salt marsh; a marsh overflowed by the sea [英]【地质】海滩盐泽

saltire /ˈsæltaiə, ˈsɔ:-/ n. Heraldry  an ordinary formed by a bend and a bend sinister crossing like a St Andrew's cross 【纹章学】 X 形十字；圣安得鲁十字 □ in saltire   arranged in this way X 形的□ saltirewise  adv.   [Middle English via Old French sau(l)toir etc. ‘stirrup-cord, stile, saltire’, from medieval Latin saltatorium (as SALTATION)]

salt lake n.  a lake of salt water 盐湖，咸水湖

Salt Lake City n.  盐湖城 [美国城市]

salt lick n.  1  a place where animals go to lick salt from the ground (动物去舔盐的)盐碱地 2  a block of this salt 盐砖

salt marsh  see 见 SALT n. 5 

salt meadow n.  a meadow subject to flooding with salt water (受海水浸没的)盐土草地

salt mine n.  a mine yielding rock salt 盐矿

salt pan n.  a vessel, or a depression near the sea, used for getting salt by evaporation (用以蒸发制盐的)盐锅；靠海的洼地

saltpetre /sɔ:ltˈpi:tə, sɒ-/ n. (US [美] saltpeter)  potassium nitrate, a white crystalline salty substance used in preserving meat and as a constituent of gunpowder (用以保存肉或制火药的)硝石，钾硝，硝酸钾 [Middle English via Old French salpetre from medieval Latin salpetra, probably for sal petrae (unrecorded) ‘salt of rock’ (i.e. found as an incrustation): assimilated to SALT]

salt shaker n. N. Amer.  a container of salt for sprinkling on food [北美] (用以向食物上撒盐的)盐瓶

salt spoon n.  a small spoon usu. with a short handle and a roundish deep bowl for taking table salt 盐匙

saltus /ˈsæltəs/ n. literary  a sudden transition; a breach of continuity [文学用语]突然的过渡；连贯性的中断 [Latin, = leap]

salt water n. & adj. ●n.  1  sea water 海水 2 slang  tears [俚语]泪水 ●attrib. adj. (作 salt-water)  of or living in the sea 海水的；海生的

salt well n.  a bored well yielding brine 盐井

salt works n. pl.  a place where salt is produced 制盐厂

saltwort /ˈsɔ:ltwɜ:t, ˈsɒ-/ n.  any salt marsh plant of the genus Salsola, rich in alkali; glasswort 猪毛菜属植物(含碱丰富的盐沼植物)；欧洲海蓬子

salty /ˈsɔ:lti, ˈsɒ-/ adj. (saltier, saltiest)  1  tasting of, containing, or preserved with salt 咸味的；含盐的；腌制的 2 (of humour etc.) racy, risqué (指幽默等)有伤风化的，猥亵的 3 slang  tough or aggressive [俚语]强硬的，固执的；咄咄逼人的 □ saltiness  n.  

salubrious /səˈlu:briəs/ adj.  1  health-giving; healthy 有益健康的；健康的 2 (of surroundings etc.) pleasant; agreeable (指环境等)舒适的；令人愉悦的 □ salubriously  adv.  □ salubriousness  n.  □ salubrity  n.   [Latin salubris from salus ‘health’]

saluki /səˈlu:ki/ n. (pl. salukis)  1  a tall swift slender dog of a silky-coated breed with large drooping ears and fringed feet (体高细长、皮毛光滑、速度很快的)萨卢基猎狗 2  this breed 萨卢基品种狗 [Arabic salūḳī]

salutary /ˈsæljʊt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  producing good effects; beneficial 有益的；有利的 2 archaic  health-giving [古义]有益健康的 [Middle English from French salutaire or Latin salutaris, from salus -utis ‘health’]

salutation /sæljʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a sign or expression of greeting or recognition of another's arrival or departure 招呼，致意 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  words spoken or written to enquire about another's health or well-being 问候语 □ salutational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French salutation or Latin salutatio (as SALUTE)]

salutatory /səˈlju:tət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of salutation 问候的；致意的 ●n. (pl. -ies) US  an oration, esp. as given by a member of a graduating class, often the second-ranking member [美] (尤指毕业典礼上的)致辞 □ salutatorian  /-ˈtɔ:riən/ n. (in sense of n. 用于名词释义)   [Latin salutatorius (as SALUTE)]

salute /səˈlu:t, səˈlju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a gesture of respect, homage, or courteous recognition, esp. made to or by a person when arriving or departing (尤指到达或离别时的)打招呼；致意 2  a Mil. & Naut.  a prescribed or specified movement of the hand or of weapons or flags as a sign of respect or recognition 【军】【海】敬礼(以规定性的手势、持武器的姿势或升旗以示敬意)b (prec. by 前接 the)  the attitude taken by an individual soldier, sailor, police officer, etc., in saluting (士兵、水手、警察等行礼时的)致敬 3  the discharge of a gun or guns as a formal or ceremonial sign of respect or celebration 鸣炮(致意) 4 Fencing  the formal performance of certain guards etc. by fencers before engaging 【击剑】(击剑手交手前的)致敬 ●v.  1  a tr.  make a salute to 向…致敬b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  perform a salute 敬礼 2 tr.  greet; make a salutation to 向…打招呼；向…致意 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  receive or greet with (a smile etc.) (以微笑等)接待，迎接 4 tr. archaic  hail as (king etc.) [古义]欢呼拥戴(国王等) □ take the salute   1 (of the highest officer present) acknowledge it by gesture as meant for him (在场的最高官员)接受敬礼，行答礼 2  receive ceremonial salutes by members of a procession 接受(庆典仪式中的)致礼□ saluter  n.   [Middle English from Latin salutare, from salus -utis ‘health, welfare, greeting’]

Salvadorean /sælvəˈdɔ:riən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to El Salvador, a republic in Central America (中美洲的一个共和国)萨尔瓦多的 ●n.  a native or national of El Salvador 萨尔瓦多人

salvage /ˈsælvidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the rescue of a ship, its cargo, or other property, from loss at sea, destruction by fire, etc. (对船只、船上货物或其它财产的)海上救助，火中救助 2  the property etc. saved in this way (从海上或火中)抢救出的财产等 3  a  the saving and utilization of waste paper, scrap material, etc. (对废纸或废物等的)收集利用b  the materials salvaged (收集利用了的)废物 4  payment made or due to a person who has saved a ship or its cargo 海上救助费 ●v. tr.  1  save from a wreck, fire, etc. (海难、火灾等)抢救，救援 2  retrieve or preserve (something favourable) in adverse circumstances (在困境中)挽救，挽回，保存  tried to salvage some dignity  尽力挽回一些尊严 □ salvageable  adj.  □ salvager  n.   [French via medieval Latin salvagium from Latin salvare SAVE1]

salvation /sælˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of saving or being saved; preservation from loss, calamity, etc. 救助，救援；拯救；抢救(以免遭受损失或灾难等) 2 Theol.  deliverance from sin and its consequences and admission to heaven, brought about by Christ 【神】超度；救度(免于罪恶的沉沦而由基督带入天堂) 3  a religious conversion 宗教皈依 4  a person or thing that saves 拯救者；拯救物  was the salvation of  是…的拯救者 □ salvationism  n.  □ salvationist  n. (both nouns esp. with reference to the Salvation Army 这两个名词尤与救世军相关)   [Middle English via Old French sauvacion, salvacion from ecclesiastical Latin salvatio -onis, from salvare SAVE1, translation of Greek sōtēria]

Salvation Army n.  a worldwide evangelical organization on quasi-military lines for the revival of Christianity and helping the poor 救世军(世界性的传教组织，主旨为复兴基督教和帮助穷人)

salve1 /sælv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a healing ointment 油膏；药膏 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a thing that is soothing or consoling for wounded feelings, an uneasy conscience, etc. 解救物；宽慰话；慰藉 3 archaic  a thing that explains away a discrepancy or palliates a fault [古义] (逻辑矛盾的)掩饰；(缺点的)遮掩 ●v. tr.  1  soothe (pride, self-love, conscience, etc.) 缓解，抚慰；宽慰(自尊、自爱、良心等) 2 archaic  anoint (a wound etc.) [古义] (在伤口等处)敷药膏 3 archaic  smooth over, make good, vindicate, harmonize, etc. [古义]平息，缓和；辩白；使…和谐 [Old English s(e)alf(e), s(e)alfian from Germanic; senses 1 and 3 of the verb partly from Latin salvare SAVE1]

salve2 /sælv/ v. tr.  1  save (a ship or its cargo) from loss at sea 海上救助(船只或货物) 2  save (property) from fire (从火中)抢救(财产) □ salvable  adj.   [back-formation from SALVAGE]

salver /ˈsælvə/ n.  a tray usu. of gold, silver, brass, or electroplate, on which drinks, letters, etc., are offered 托盘，浅盘(通常由金、银、铜制或电镀，用来放饮料、信件等) [French salve ‘tray for presenting food to the king’, from Spanish salva ‘assaying of food’ from salvar SAVE1: associated with platter]

Salve Regina /ˌsælvei rəˈdʒi:nə/ n.  1  a Roman Catholic hymn or prayer said or sung after compline and after the Divine Office from Trinity Sunday to Advent 罗马天主教赞美诗或祈祷语；《圣母经》 2  the music for this 《圣母经》音乐 [from the opening words salve regina ‘hail (holy) queen’]

salvia /ˈsælviə/ n.  any plant of the genus Salvia, esp. S. splendens with scarlet flowers 鼠尾草属植物(尤指开鲜红色花朵的鼠尾草) [Latin, = SAGE1]

Salvo /ˈsælvəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Austral. slang  a member of the Salvation Army [澳] [俚语]救世军成员 [abbreviation]

salvo1 /ˈsælvəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  the simultaneous firing of artillery or other guns esp. as a salute, or in a sea-fight 礼炮齐鸣(用于向贵宾致敬)；(海战中)火炮齐发 2  a number of bombs released from aircraft at the same moment (从飞机上)齐投的炸弹 3  a round of applause 一阵鼓掌 [earlier salve from French, from Italian salva ‘salutation’ (as SAVE1)]

salvo2 /ˈsælvəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a saving clause; a reservation 保留条款；(权利的)保留  with an express salvo of their rights  明确表示保留他们的权利 2  a tacit reservation 遁辞；心照不宣的保留 3  a quibbling evasion; a bad excuse 模棱两可的遁词；拙劣的借口 4  an expedient for saving reputation or soothing pride or conscience (名声的)保全手段；(自尊心或良心受伤害时的)宽慰 [Latin, ablative of salvus SAFE as used in salvo jure ‘without prejudice to the rights of’ (a person)]

sal volatile /sæl vəˈlætili/ n.  ammonium carbonate, esp. in the form of a scented solution in alcohol used as smelling salts 碳酸铵，挥发盐(尤指用作嗅盐的芳香乙醇溶液) [modern Latin, = volatile salt]

salvor /ˈsælvə, ˈsælvɔ:/ n.  a person or ship making or assisting in salvage 救助人，救助船 [SALVE2]

Salween /ˈsælwi:n/ n.  萨尔温江 [缅甸]

SAM abbr.  surface-to-air missile. [缩略]地(或舰)对空导弹

Sam /sæm/   萨姆 [人名]

Sam. abbr.  Samuel (Old Testament) [缩略] 《撒母耳记》(《圣经·旧约》)

samadhi /səˈmɑ:di/ n. Buddhism & Hinduism 【佛教和印度教】  1  a state of concentration induced by meditation (沉思后进入的)凝神状态 2  a state into which a perfected holy man is said to pass at his apparent death 等持，定，三昧(圣人临终前的最高精神集中状态) [Sanskrit samɑˉdhi ‘contemplation’]

Samantha /səˈmænθə/   萨曼莎 [人名]

Samara /ˈsæmərə/ n.  萨马拉 [俄罗斯城市]

samara /ˈsæmərə, səˈmɑ:rə/ n. Bot.  a winged seed from the sycamore, ash, etc. 【植】翅果 [modern Latin from Latin, = elm seed]

Samaritan /səˈmærit(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 good Samaritan)  a charitable or helpful person (with reference to Luke 10:33 etc.) (自《路加福音》 10:33) 行善乐施的人 2 (in the UK) a member of an organization which counsels people in distress by telephone or face to face (英国)撒马利亚慈善咨询中心成员(该组织对处在危困中的人提供电话咨询或当面咨询) 3  a native or inhabitant of Samaria, a region west of the Jordan 撒马利亚人 4  the language of the people of Samaria 撒马利亚语 5  an adherent of the Samaritan religious system, accepting only the Samaritan Pentateuch 信奉撒马利亚宗教教义者(只接受撒马利亚《五经》) ●adj.  of or relating to Samaria or the Samaritans 撒马利亚的，撒马利亚人的 □ Samaritanism  n.   [Late Latin Samaritanus from Greek Samareitēs, from Samareia ‘Samaria’]

Samaritan Pentateuch n.  a recension used by Samaritans of which the MSS are in archaic characters 撒马利亚五经(其原稿用古字写成)

samarium /səˈmɛəriəm/ n. Chem.  a hard silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in monazite etc. and used in making ferromagnetic alloys (symbol 符 Sm) 【化】(化学元素)钐 [samarskite, the mineral in which its spectrum was first observed, from Samarski the name of a 19th-c. Russian official]

samba /ˈsæmbə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Brazilian dance of African origin 桑巴舞(源于非洲的巴西交谊舞) 2  a ballroom dance imitative of this (仿桑巴舞的)交际舞 3  the music for this 桑巴舞曲 ●v. intr. (sambas, sambaed /-bəd/ or samba'd, sambaing /-bə(r)iŋ/)  dance the samba 跳桑巴舞 [Portuguese, of African origin]

sambar /ˈsæmbə/ n. (also 亦作 sambur)  a large deer, Cervus unicolor, of S. Asia 水鹿，黑鹿(体大，产于南亚) [Hindi sɑˉ(m)bar]

Sambo /ˈsæmbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes)  1 slang offens.  a black person [俚语] [冒犯]黑人 2 (作 sambo) hist.  a person of mixed race esp. of Negro and Indian or Negro and European blood [史义]混血儿(尤指黑人与印第安人或黑人与欧洲人混血) [Spanish zambo, perhaps = zambo ‘bandy-legged’; sense 1 perhaps a different word from a W. African word meaning ‘uncle’]

Sam Browne /sæm ˈbraʊn/ n. (in full 全称 Sam Browne belt)  an army officer's belt and the strap supporting it (军官用的)武装带 [named after Sir Sam uel J. Browne, British military commander d. 1901]

same /seim/ adj., pron. & adv. ●adj.  1 (often prec. by 常前接 the)  identical; not different; unchanged 相同的；无差别的；未变化的  everyone was looking in the same direction  所有的人都朝同一方向看去 the same car was used in another crime  同一辆车在另一个犯罪案件中也被使用了 saying the same thing over and over  反复地说同一件事情 2  unvarying, uniform, monotonous 不变的，一致的，千篇一律的  the same old story  老生常谈 3 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 this, these, that, those) (of a person or thing) previously alluded to; just mentioned; aforesaid (人或事)前已涉及的；刚刚提及的；前面说过的  this same man was later my husband  前面说过的这个人后来成了我的丈夫 ●pron. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the same person or thing 同一人(或物)  the others asked for the same  其他的人也提出同样的要求 2 Law or archaic  the person or thing just mentioned 【法律】[古义] (刚提及的)人(或物)  detected the youth breaking in and apprehended the same  侦察到那个破门而入的青年，然后逮捕了他 ●adv. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  similarly; in the same way See 见 Usage Note 同样地；以同样方式  we all feel the same  我们的感受相同 I want to go, the same as you do  和你一样，我也想走 □ all (or just) the same   1  emphatically the same (加重口气地)相同，同样 2  in spite of changed conditions, adverse circumstances, etc. 仍然，照样，依然  but you should offer, all the same  但你仍然应主动提出□ at the same time   1  simultaneously 同时 2  notwithstanding; in spite of circumstances etc. 然而，不过□ be all (or just) the same to   an expression of indifference or impartiality 对…都一样(表示无所谓或无偏向)  it's all the same to me what we do  我们做什么对我来说无所谓□ by the same token   see 见 TOKEN □ same here  colloq.  the same applies to me [口]我也一样□ the same to you!   may you do, have, find, etc., the same thing; likewise 我也如此祝愿你□ the very same   emphatically the same (用以强调口气)正是这个□ sameness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse sami, sama, with Germanic cognates]■Usage 用法说明 The use of (the) same as an adverb, as exemplified by I want to go, (the) same as you do and he worked his way through university, (the) same as I did, is considered non-standard by some people. It can be avoided by using in the same way as or just as. 将 (the) same 用作副词在有些人看来是不够标准的用法，如 I want to go ， (the) same as you do (与你一样，我也想走)； he worked his way through university ， (the) same as I did (与我一样，他靠打工读完了大学)。可使用 in the same way as 或 just as 来避免这种不标准的用法。 

samey /ˈseimi/ adj. (samier, samiest) Brit. colloq.  lacking in variety; monotonous [英口]品种单一的；单调的 □ sameyness  n.  

samfu /ˈsæmfu:/ n.  a suit consisting of a jacket and trousers, worn by Chinese women and sometimes men 中式女紧腰身套装(粤语“衫裤”的谐音) [Cantonese]

Samhain /saʊn, ˈsaʊin, ˈsæwin/ n. Brit. 1 Nov., celebrated by the ancient Celts as a festival marking the beginning of winter and their new year [英]立冬节，新年(古凯尔特人把 11 月 1 日当作立冬和新年来庆祝) [Irish]

Samian /ˈseimiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Samos, an island in the Aegean Sea 萨摩斯人 ●adj.  of or relating to Samos 萨摩斯岛的，萨摩斯人的 [Latin Samius from Greek Samios ‘Samos’]

Samian ware n.  fine red pottery from various parts of the Roman Empire, esp. Gaulish pottery often found on Roman sites in Britain 萨摩斯陶器(红色细陶，见于罗马帝国各地，尤指在英国古罗马遗址发现的高卢陶器)

samisen /ˈsæmisen/ n.  a long three-stringed Japanese guitar, played with a plectrum 日本三弦(用琴拨弹奏) [Japanese from Chinese san-hsien, from san ‘three’ + hsien ‘string’]

samite /ˈsæmait, sei-/ n. hist.  a rich medieval dress fabric of silk occasionally interwoven with gold [史义] (中世纪色彩鲜艳并加金银丝线花的)六股丝锦缎 [Middle English via Old French samit and medieval Latin examitum from medieval Greek hexamiton, from Greek hexa- ‘six’ + mitos ‘thread’]

samizdat /ˈsæmizdæt, sæmizˈdæt/ n.  1  the clandestine copying and distribution of literature, esp. in the former Communist countries of eastern Europe 地下抄录(和发行)的文学(尤指在前东欧国家) 2  literature so produced 地下文学 [Russian, = self-publishing house]

Sammy /ˈsæmi/   萨米 [人名]

Samnite /ˈsæmnait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a people of ancient Italy often at war with republican Rome 萨谟奈人(古意大利的部落，常与罗马人作战) 2  the language of this people 萨谟奈语 ●adj.  of this people or their language 萨谟奈人的；萨谟奈语的 [Middle English from Latin Samnites (pl.), related to Sabinus SABINE]

Samoa   萨摩亚

Samoan /səˈməʊən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Samoa, a group of islands in the Pacific (太平洋萨摩亚群岛的)萨摩亚人 2  the language of the Samoans 萨摩亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Samoa or its people or language 萨摩亚人的；萨摩亚语的

samosa /səˈməʊsə/ n.  a triangular pastry fried in ghee or oil, containing spiced vegetables or meat 萨莫萨三角饺(用印度奶油或油煎制而成，蔬菜馅或肉馅) [Hindustani]

samovar /ˈsæməvɑ:, sæməˈvɑ:/ n.  a Russian tea urn, with an internal heating device to keep the water at boiling point 俄罗斯茶炊(内有加热器使水保持在沸点) [Russian, = self-boiler]

Samoyed /ˈsæməjed/ n.  1  a member of a people of northern Siberia (西伯利亚北部的)萨莫耶德人 2  the language of this people 萨莫耶德语 3 (also 亦作 samoyed)  a  a dog of a white Arctic breed 萨莫耶德狗(产于北极)b  this breed 萨莫耶德品种的狗 [Russian samoed]

Samoyedic /sæməˈjedik/ n. & adj. ●n.  the language of the Samoyeds 萨莫耶德语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Samoyeds 萨莫耶德人的；萨莫耶德语的

samp /sæmp/ n. US [美]  1  coarsely ground maize 粗玉米面 2  porridge made of this 玉米粥 [Algonquian nasamp ‘softened by water’]

sampan /ˈsæmpæn/ n.  a small boat, usu. with a stern-oar or stern-oars, used in the Far East 舢板(用于远东地区) [Chinese san-ban, from san ‘three’ + ban ‘board’]

samphire /ˈsæmfaiə/ n.  1  an umbelliferous maritime rock plant, Crithmum maritimum, with aromatic fleshy leaves used in pickles 圣彼得草(生长在海岸岩缝间的伞形科叶厚植物，用于腌菜) 2  a glasswort of the genus Salicornia (欧洲)海蓬子 [earlier samp(i)ere from French (herbe de) Saint Pierre ‘St Peter ('s herb)’]

sample /ˈsɑ:mp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 attrib.)  a small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like 样本；试样 2  a small amount of fabric, food, or other commodity, esp. given to a prospective customer (尤指给顾客看的布料、食物、商品)样品 3  a specimen, esp. one taken for scientific testing or analysis (尤指做科学测试或分析用的)样本 4  an illustrative or typical example 范例，实例 5 Electronics  a sound created by sampling 【电子学】用取样法确定的音 ●v. tr.  1  take or give samples of 从…中采样(或取样) 2  try the qualities of 试用；品尝 3  get a representative experience of 体验 [Middle English from Anglo-French assample, Old French essample EXAMPLE]

sample bag n. Austral.  an (originally free) bag of advertisers' samples [澳] (最初免费的)样品包

sampler1 /ˈsɑ:mplə/ n.  a piece of embroidery worked in various stitches as a specimen of proficiency (often displayed on a wall etc.) 刺绣样本(常展示于墙上) [Old French essamplaire (as EXEMPLAR)]

sampler2 /ˈsɑ:mplə/ n.  1  a person who samples 取样员；抽样者 2  an electronic device for sampling music and sound 电子采样设备(用于确定乐音) 3 US  a collection of representative items etc. [美]样品集锦

sampling /ˈsɑ:mpliŋ/ n.  1  the taking of a sample or samples 采样，取样 2 Mus.  the technique of digitally encoding sound and reusing it as part of a composition or recording 【音】用数字编码乐音并将其再用于作曲或录音中的技术

sampling error n.  error in a statistical analysis etc. arising from unrepresentativeness of the sample taken (统计分析中的)采样误差

sampling frame n. Statistics  a list of the items, people, etc., forming a population from which a sample is taken 【统计学】采样范围

samsara /səmˈsɑ:rə/ n. Hinduism  the endless cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound 【印度教】(生死)轮回 □ samsaric  adj.   [Sanskrit saṃsɑˉra ‘a wandering through’]

samskara /səmˈskɑ:rə/ n. Hinduism 【印度教】  1  a purificatory ceremony or rite marking an event in one's life (在人生重要阶段举行的)净化祭仪 2  a mental impression, instinct, or memory 意念；直觉；记忆 [Sanskrit samskɑˉra ‘a making perfect, preparation’]

Samson /ˈsæms(ə)n/ n.  a person of great strength or resembling Samson in some respect (大力士)参孙；参孙般的人物 [Late Latin via Greek Sampsōn from Hebrew šimšôn (Judg. 13 － 16)]

Samson post n. (also 亦作 Samson's post)  1  a strong pillar passing through the hold of a ship or between decks 起重柱；吊杆柱 2  a post in a whaleboat to which a harpoon rope is attached 猎鲸船上系鱼叉绳的柱子

Samuel /ˈsæmjuəl/   塞缪尔 [人名]

samurai /ˈsæmʊrai, -jʊrai/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a Japanese army officer 日本陆军军官 2 hist.  a member of a military caste in feudal Japan [史义] (日本封建时期的)武士 [Japanese]

san /sæn/ n.  = SANATORIUM 2  [abbreviation]

sanative /ˈsænətiv/ adj.  1  healing; curative 能治愈的；可康复的 2  of or tending to physical or moral health (生理或道德)健康的 [Middle English from Old French sanatif or Late Latin sanativus, from Latin sanare ‘cure’]

sanatorium /sænəˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. sanatoriums or sanatoria /-riə/)  1  an establishment for the treatment of invalids, esp. of convalescents and the chronically sick (尤指用于康复和治疗慢性病的)疗养院；休养所 2 Brit.  a room or building for sick people in a school etc. [英] (学校内的)治疗室；隔离病房 [modern Latin (as SANATIVE)]

sanctify /ˈsæŋ(k)tifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  consecrate; set apart or observe as holy 使神圣化；奉为神圣 2  purify or free from sin 使…净化，免除罪恶 3  make legitimate or binding by religious sanction; justify; give the colour of morality or innocence to (通过宗教许可而)使…合法化；证明…为正当；证明…符合道德，证明…无罪 4  make productive of or conducive to holiness 使…产生(或传递)神恩 □ sanctification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sanctifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French saintifier from ecclesiastical Latin sanctificare, from Latin sanctus ‘holy’]

sanctimonious /sæŋ(k)tiˈməʊniəs/ adj.  making a show of sanctity or piety 假装圣洁的；假装虔诚的；伪善的 □ sanctimoniously  adv.  □ sanctimoniousness  n.  □ sanctimony  /ˈsæŋ(k)timəni/ n.   [Latin sanctimonia ‘sanctity’ (as SAINT)]

sanction /ˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  approval or encouragement given to an action etc. by custom or tradition; express permission (用习俗或传统对某种行为的)认可，鼓励；准许 2  confirmation or ratification of a law etc. (对法律等的)认可，批准 3  a  a penalty for disobeying a law or rule, or a reward for obeying it (对违背法律或规则的)惩罚；(对遵守法律或规则的)奖赏b  a clause containing this (包含惩罚或奖赏的)条款 4 Ethics  a consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct 【伦理学】(使人们遵从行为准则的)约束因素；约束力 5 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  military or esp. economic action by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct (为迫使一个国家执行国际协议或行为准则而采取的军事的，尤其是经济的)国际制裁 6 Law hist.  a law or decree 【法律】[史义]法律，法令 ●v. tr.  1  authorize, countenance, or agree to (an action etc.) 准许，赞同，同意(某行动等) 2  ratify; attach a penalty or reward to; make binding 批准；惩罚，奖赏；使…有约束力 □ sanctionable  adj.   [French from Latin sanctio -onis, from sancire sanct- ‘make sacred’]

sanctitude /ˈsæŋ(k)titju:d/ n. archaic  saintliness [古义]神圣；圣洁 [Middle English from Latin sanctitudo (as SAINT)]

sanctity /ˈsæŋ(k)titi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  holiness of life; saintliness (生命的)圣洁，虔诚 2  sacredness; the state of being hallowed 神圣；神圣性 3  inviolability 不可侵犯性 4 (in pl. 用复数)  sacred obligations, feelings, etc. 神圣的责任，神圣的感情 [Middle English from Old French sain(c)tité or Latin sanctitas (as SAINT)]

sanctuary /ˈsæŋ(k)tjʊəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a holy place; a church, temple, etc. 圣所(如教堂，寺院等) 2  a  the inmost recess or holiest part of a temple etc. (寺院等中)最隐密的地方，最神圣的地方b  the part of the chancel containing the high altar 圣坛 3  a place where birds, wild animals, etc., breed and are protected 鸟兽保护区 4  a place of refuge, esp. for political refugees (尤指政治避难者的)避难所 5  a  immunity from arrest 豁免b  the right to offer this 提供豁免的权利 6 hist.  a sacred place where a fugitive from the law or a debtor was secured by medieval Church law against arrest or violence [史义] (中世纪教堂向逃避法律或债务的人提供的免于逮捕或暴力侵害的)圣所 □ take sanctuary   resort to a place of refuge 避难 [Middle English via Anglo-French sanctuarie, Old French sanctuaire from Latin sanctuarium (as SAINT)]

sanctum /ˈsæŋ(k)təm/ n. (pl. sanctums)  1  a holy place 圣所 2 colloq.  a person's private room, study, or den [口]私室，书房 [Latin, neut. of sanctus ‘holy’, past part. of sancire ‘consecrate’]

sanctum sanctorum /sæŋ(k)təm sæŋ(k)ˈtɔ:rəm/ n. (pl. sancta sanctorum or sanctum sanctorums)  1  the holy of holies in the Jewish temple (犹太教堂中的)至圣所 2 colloq. [口]  = SANCTUM 2  [Latin, as SANCTUM + sanctorum genitive pl. of sanctus ‘holy’, translating Hebrew ḳōdeš haḳodɑˉšîm ‘holy of holies’]

sanctus /ˈsæŋ(k)təs/ n. (also 亦作 Sanctus)  1  the prayer or hymn beginning ‘Holy, holy, holy’ said or sung at the end of the Eucharistic preface 《圣哉经》(用圣餐时以“圣哉，圣哉，圣哉”开头的祈祷或赞美诗) 2  the music for this 《圣哉经》音乐 [Middle English from Latin, = holy]

sanctus bell n.  a handbell or the bell in the turret at the junction of the nave and the chancel, rung at the sanctus or at the elevation of the Eucharist (唱《圣哉经》时用的)圣铃

sand /sænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loose granular substance resulting from the wearing down of esp. siliceous rocks and found on the seashore, river beds, deserts, etc. (尤指硅质岩受侵蚀而形成的海滩、河床、沙漠等上的)沙 2 (in pl. 用复数)  grains of sand 沙粒 3 (in pl. 用复数)  an expanse or tracts of sand 沙滩 4  a light yellow-brown colour like that of sand 沙土色，沙灰色 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a sandbank 沙洲，沙坝 6 US colloq.  firmness of purpose; grit [美口] (对于目标的)坚毅，坚定；勇气 ●v. tr.  1  smooth or polish with sand or sandpaper, or a mechanical sander (用沙、砂纸或打磨机)擦净，磨亮 2  sprinkle or overlay with, or bury under, sand 把沙撒在…上，用沙覆盖 3  adulterate (sugar etc.) with sand (在糖等中)搀沙 □ the sands are running out   the allotted time is nearly at an end (所给的)时间不多了□ sandlike  adj.   [Old English sand, from Germanic]

sandal1 /ˈsænd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light shoe with an openwork upper or no upper, attached to the foot usu. by straps (通常可用带子系牢的)凉鞋，拖鞋 2  a strap for fastening a low shoe, passing over the instep or around the ankle (拖鞋或凉鞋的)鞋襻 ●v. tr. (sandalled, sandalling; US [美] sandaled, sandaling)  1 (esp. as 尤作 sandalled adj.)  put sandals on (a person, his feet) 给…穿上凉鞋(或拖鞋) 2  fasten or provide (a shoe) with a sandal 系紧(鞋)襻；给(鞋)安襻 [Middle English via Latin sandalium from Greek sandalion, diminutive of sandalon ‘wooden shoe’, probably of Asiatic origin]

sandal2 /ˈsænd(ə)l/ n.  = SANDALWOOD  [Middle English from medieval Latin sandalum, ultimately from Sanskrit candana]

sandal tree n.  any tree yielding sandalwood, esp. the white sandalwood 白檀

sandalwood /ˈsænd(ə)lwʊd/ n.  1  a  the scented wood of a tree of the genus Santalum, esp. (in full 全称 white sandalwood) S. Album 檀香木，白檀木b  a perfume or incense derived from this 檀香 2  any tree yielding a similar wood (cf. 参见 RED SANDALWOOD) 生产檀香类木料的树

sandalwood oil n.  a yellow aromatic oil made from the white sandalwood 白檀(木)油

sandarac /ˈsændəræk/ n. (also 亦作 sandarach)  1  the gummy resin of a N. African conifer, Tetraclinis articulata, used in making varnish (用于制清漆的)香松树脂，柏脂(产于北非) 2  = REALGAR  [Latin sandaraca from Greek sandarakē, of Asiatic origin]

sandbag /ˈsæn(d)bæɡ/ n. & v. ●n. a bag filled with sand for use 沙袋 :  1 (in fortification) for making temporary defences or for the protection of a building etc. against blast and splinters or flood waters 用于修建防御工事或保护建筑物(防御爆炸、弹片或洪水的破坏) 2  as ballast esp. for a boat or balloon (船用)压舱物，(气球用)沙囊 3  as a weapon to inflict a heavy blow without leaving a mark 用作武器(给人以重击却不留痕迹) 4  to stop a draught from a window or door 用于挡住从门或窗进来的风 ●v. (-bagged, -bagging)  1 tr.  barricade or defend 筑防垒，防御 2 tr.  place sandbags against (a window, chink, etc.) 堆沙袋(以便挡住窗户、裂缝等) 3 tr.  fell with a blow from a sandbag 用沙袋打倒 4 tr. N. Amer.  coerce by harsh means [北美] (粗暴地)威逼，强迫 5 intr. Sport  deliberately underperform in a race or competition to gain an unfair advantage 【运动】(在赛跑或竞赛中)故意不表现实力以便得到(不公正的)优势 □ sandbagger  n.  

sandbank /ˈsæn(d)bæŋk/ n.  a deposit of sand forming a shallow place in the sea or a river 沙洲，沙滩，沙坝

sandbar /ˈsæn(d)bɑ:/ n.  a sandbank at the mouth of a river or US on the coast (河口处的)沙洲；[美] (海岸上的)沙坝

sand-bath n.  a vessel of heated sand to provide uniform heating 沙浴器

sand-bed n.  a stratum of sand 砂层，砂垫层

sandblast /ˈsæn(d)blɑ:st/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  roughen, treat, or clean with a jet of sand driven by compressed air or steam (由压缩空气或蒸汽驱动)对…喷砂 ●n.  this jet 喷砂 □ sandblaster  n.  喷砂工

sandbox /ˈsæn(d)bɒks/ n.  1  a box of sand on a locomotive for sprinkling slippery rails (机车内用于在打滑的铁轨上撒沙的)沙箱 2 Golf  a container for sand used in teeing 【高尔夫球】(位于开球区供堆沙垫球开球用的)沙箱 3  a sandpit enclosed in a box 沙坑 4 hist.  a device for sprinkling sand to dry ink [史义] (用以吸干墨水的)撒沙匣

sandboy /ˈsæn(d)bɔi/ n.  卖沙童 □ happy as a sandboy   extremely happy or carefree 快乐无比 [probably = a boy hawking sand for sale]

sandcastle /ˈsæn(d)kɑ:s(ə)l/ n.  a shape like a castle made in sand, usu. by a child on the seashore (通常指儿童在海滩堆起的)沙堡

sand cloud n.  driving sand in a simoom (西蒙风引起的)沙云

sand-crack n.  1  a fissure in a horse's hoof 马蹄裂 2  a crack in the human foot from walking on hot sand (在热沙上行走而导致的)足裂 3  a crack in brick due to imperfect mixing (由于混料不适当而发生的砖块)砂裂

sand dollar n.  any flat asymmetrical sea urchin of the order Clypeasteroida 饼海胆

sand dune n.  a mound or ridge of sand formed by the wind 沙丘

sand eel n.  any eel-like fish of the family Ammodytidae or Hypotychidae also called 亦称作 LAUNCE 玉筋鱼

sander /ˈsændə/ n.  a power tool for smoothing surfaces 打磨机

sanderling /ˈsændəliŋ/ n.  a small wading bird, Calidris alba, of the sandpiper family 三趾滨鹬 [perhaps from Old English (as SAND + yrthling ‘ploughman’, also the name of a bird)]

sanders /ˈsɑ:ndəz, ˈsæn-/ n. (also 亦作 saunders /ˈsɔ:-/)  the red sandalwood, Pterocarpus santalinus 紫檀 [Middle English from Old French sandre, variant of sandle SANDAL2]

sand flea n.  1  = CHIGGER 1  2  = SAND-HOPPER 

sandfly /ˈsæn(d)flai/ n. (pl. -flies)  1  any biting blackfly of the genus Simulium 蚋 2  any tropical biting fly of the genus Phlebotomus, transmitting the disease leishmaniasis 毛蠓(热带蚊虫，传播利什曼病)

sand-glass n.  = HOURGLASS 1 

sand-groper n. Austral. [澳]  1  a gold rush pioneer 淘金先驱者 2 joc.  a Western Australian [诙]澳大利亚西部人

sandgrouse /ˈsæn(d)ɡraʊs/ n.  a seed-eating ground bird of the family Pteroclididae, related to pigeons and found in arid regions of the Old World 沙鸡(产于欧洲某些干旱地区)

sandhi /ˈsændi/ n. Gram.  the process whereby the form of a word changes as a result of its position in an utterance (e.g. the change from a to an before a vowel) 【语法】连读音变(例如在元音前 a 变 an) [Sanskrit saṃdhi ‘putting together’]

sandhill /ˈsændhil/ n.  = SAND DUNE 

sandhog /ˈsændhɒɡ/ n. US  a person who works underwater laying foundations, constructing tunnels, etc. [美]水下工程工人(在水下打地基、建隧道等)

sand-hopper n.  any of various small jumping crustaceans of the order Amphipoda, burrowing on the seashore 沙蚤

San Diego /ˌsændiˈeigəu/ n.  圣迭戈 [美国港市]

sandiver /ˈsændivə/ n.  - liquid scum formed in glass-making 玻璃浮渣，玻璃沫 [Middle English, apparently from French suin de verre ‘exhalation of glass’, from suer ‘to sweat’ + verre ‘glass’]

sandlot /ˈsæn(d)lɒt/ n. US  a piece of unoccupied sandy land used for children's games [美] (供孩子玩耍的)沙地

sandman /ˈsæn(d)mæn/ n.  the personification of tiredness causing children's eyes to smart towards bedtime (晚上使孩子犯困的)睡魔

sand martin n.  a swallow-like bird, Riparia riparia, nesting in the side of a sandy bank etc. 灰沙燕(燕科，在沙滩等处筑穴)

sandpaper /ˈsæn(d)peipə/ n. & v. ●n.  paper with sand or another abrasive stuck to it for smoothing or polishing 砂纸 ●v. tr.  smooth with sandpaper 用砂纸磨光

sandpiper /ˈsæn(d)paipə/ n.  any of various wading birds of the family Scolopacidae, frequenting moorland and coastal areas 鹬(常出现在高沼地和海边)

sandpit /ˈsæn(d)pit/ n. Brit.  a hollow partly filled with sand, usu. for children to play in [英] (供儿童在其中玩耍的)沙坑

Sandra /ˈsændrə/   桑德拉 [人名]

sand-shoe n.  a shoe with a canvas, rubber, hemp, etc., sole for use on sand 沙地鞋

sand-skipper n.  = SAND-HOPPER 

sandsoap /ˈsæn(d)səʊp/ n.  heavy-duty gritty soap 砂皂

sand spurrey  see 见 SPURREY 

sandstock /ˈsæn(d)stɒk/ n.  brick made with sand dusted on the surface (表面上蒙砂的)砂砖

sandstone /ˈsæn(d)stəʊn/ n.  1  any clastic rock containing particles visible to the naked eye 砂岩 2  a sedimentary rock of consolidated sand commonly red, yellow, brown, grey, or white (常见的红、黄、褐、灰或白色的)沉积砂岩

sandstorm /ˈsæn(d)stɔ:m/ n.  a desert storm of wind with clouds of sand 沙暴

sandwich /ˈsænwidʒ, -witʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  two or more slices of usu. buttered bread with a filling of meat, cheese, etc., between them 三明治(在两块或几块黄油面包中间夹肉、奶酪等) 2 Brit.  a cake of two or more layers with jam or cream between [英]夹层蛋糕(中间夹果酱或奶油)  bake a sponge sandwich  烤一个果冻夹心面包 ●v. tr.  1  put (a thing, statement, etc.) between two of another character 插入，夹入(某物、某句话等) 2  squeeze in between others 挤进(他人之间)  sat sandwiched in the middle  夹坐在中间 [named after the 4th Earl of Sandwich, English nobleman d. 1792, said to have eaten food in this form so as not to leave the gaming table]

sandwich-board n.  one of two advertisement boards carried by a sandwich-man 三明治式广告牌(广告员夹在身前身后的广告牌之间)

sandwich course n. Brit.  a course of training with alternate periods of practical experience and theoretical instruction [英]工读交替制课程

sandwich-man n. (pl. -men)  a man who walks the streets with sandwich-boards hanging before and behind (在街上走动并在身前身后背着广告牌的)三明治式广告宣传员

Sandwich tern n.  a crested tern, Sterna sandvicensis, of both Old and New Worlds 白嘴端燕鸥 [Sandwich, town in Kent]

sandwort /ˈsændwɜ:t/ n.  any low-growing plant of the genus Arenaria (pink family), usu. bearing small white flowers 蚤缀，鹅不食(通常开小白花)

Sandy /ˈsændi/   桑迪 [人名]

sandy /ˈsændi/ adj. (sandier, sandiest)  1  having the texture of sand 沙质的 2  having much sand 含沙的，多沙的 3  a (of hair) yellowish red (头发)浅棕色的b (of a person) having sandy hair (人)浅棕色头发的 □ sandiness  n.  □ sandyish  adj.   [Old English sandig (as SAND)]

sand yacht n.  a boat on wheels propelled along a beach by wind (靠风力行驶的)沙地帆车

sandy blight n. Austral.  conjunctivitis with sandlike grains in the eye [澳]眼炎

sane /sein/ adj.  1  of sound mind; not mad 心智健全的，神志正常的 2 (of views etc.) moderate; sensible (观点等)温和的，合乎情理的 □ sanely  adv.  □ saneness  n.   [Latin sanus ‘healthy’]

Sanforized /ˈsænfəraizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised) propr. (of cotton or other fabrics) pre-shrunk by a special process [商标] (棉布或其它织物)预缩处理的 [L. Cluett Sandford (d. 1968), US inventor of the process + -IZE]

San Francisco /ˌsænfrænˈsiskəu/ n.  圣弗朗西斯科，旧金山，三藩市 [美国港市]

sang past  of SING  

sangar /ˈsæŋɡə/ n. (also 亦作 sanga)  a stone breastwork round a hollow (围绕凹地的)石砌小胸墙 [Pashto sangar]

sangaree /sæŋɡəˈri:/ n.  a cold drink of wine diluted and spiced 桑加里酒(由葡萄酒稀释后加香料配制的冷饮料) [Spanish sangría SANGRIA]

sang-froid /sɒŋˈfrwɑ:/ n.  composure, coolness, etc., in danger or under agitating circumstances 冷静，镇定 [French, = cold blood]

sangrail /sæŋˈɡreil/ n.  = GRAIL  [Middle English from Old French saint graal (as SAINT, GRAIL)]

sangria /sæŋˈɡri:ə/ n.  a Spanish drink of red wine with lemonade, fruit, etc. 桑格里厄汽酒(一种西班牙饮料，由红葡萄酒加柠檬汽水、水果等调配而成) [Spanish, = bleeding: cf. SANGAREE]

sanguinary /ˈsænɡwin(ə)ri/ adj.  1  accompanied by or delighting in bloodshed 嗜血成性的 2  bloody; bloodthirsty 血腥的，嗜杀的 3 (of laws) inflicting death freely (法律)动辄处以死刑的 □ sanguinarily  adv.  □ sanguinariness  n.   [Latin sanguinarius from sanguis -inis ‘blood’]

sanguine /ˈsæŋɡwin/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  optimistic; confident 乐观的；充满信心的 2 (of the complexion) florid; bright; ruddy (指面色)红润的，血色好的 3 hist.  relating to the predominance of blood over the other bodily humours, characterized by a ruddy complexion and a courageous, amorous disposition (cf. 参见 HUMOUR n. 5) [史义]多血质的(常以面色红润和勇敢、多情的性格为特征) 4 Heraldry or literary  blood red 【纹章学】[文学用语]血红的 5 archaic  bloody; bloodthirsty [古义]血腥的，嗜血的 ●n.  1  a blood red colour 血红色 2  a crayon of chalk coloured red or flesh with iron oxide (加氧化铁制成的)红粉笔 □ sanguinely  adv.  □ sanguineness  n. (both in sense 1 of n. 均用于名词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French sanguin -ine ‘blood red’ from Latin sanguineus (as SANGUINARY)]

sanguineous /sæŋˈɡwiniəs/ adj.  1  sanguinary 血腥的，嗜血的，残忍的 2 Med.  of or relating to blood 【医】血的，含血的 3  blood red 血红色的 4  full-blooded; plethoric 多血的 [Latin sanguineus (as SANGUINE)]

Sanhedrin /ˈsænidrin, sænˈhi:drin, sænˈhedrin/ n. (also 亦作 Sanhedrim /-rim/)  the highest court of justice and the supreme council in ancient Jerusalem with 71 members 犹太教公会(古耶路撒冷的最高司法机构和最高议院，由 71 名成员组成) [late Hebrew sanhedrîn from Greek sunedrion (as SYN-, hedra ‘seat’)]

sanicle /ˈsænik(ə)l/ n.  any umbelliferous plant of the genus Sanicula, esp. S. europaea, formerly believed to have healing properties 变豆菜(曾被认为具有药力) [Middle English, ultimately from medieval Latin sanicula, perhaps from Latin sanus ‘healthy’]

sanify /ˈsænifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make healthy; improve the sanitary state of 使…健康；改善…的卫生状况 [Latin sanus ‘healthy’]

sanitarium /sæniˈtɛəriəm/ n. (pl. sanitariums or sanitaria /-riə/) US [美]  = SANATORIUM  [pseudo-Latin from Latin sanitas ‘health’]

sanitary /ˈsænit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of the conditions that affect health, esp. with regard to dirt and infection (环境等，尤指灰尘和传染)影响健康的 2  hygienic; free from or designed to kill germs, infection, etc. 卫生的；除菌的；无传染病的 □ sanitarian  /-ˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj.  □ sanitarily  adv.  □ sanitariness  n.   [French sanitaire from Latin sanitas: see SANITY]

sanitary engineer n.  a person dealing with systems needed to maintain public health (维护公共卫生系统的)卫生工程师

sanitary towel n. (N. Amer. [北美] sanitary napkin)  an absorbent pad used during menstruation 卫生巾，月经垫

sanitary ware n.  porcelain for lavatories etc. (陶瓷)卫生洁具

sanitation /sæniˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  sanitary conditions 卫生条件 2  the maintenance or improving of these 卫生条件的保持(或改善) 3  the disposal of sewage and refuse from houses etc. (家庭等的)垃圾污物处理 □ sanitate  /ˈsæniteit/ v. tr. & intr.  □ sanitationist  n.   [formed irregularly from SANITARY]

sanitize /ˈsænitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make sanitary; disinfect 使…卫生；给…消毒 2 US colloq.  render (information etc.) more acceptable by removing improper or disturbing material [美口] (把信息中不适当或令人不悦的成分删掉)使更易于接受；净化内容 □ sanitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sanitizer  n.  

sanity /ˈsæniti/ n.  1  a  the state of being sane 精神正常b  mental health 心智健全 2  the tendency to avoid extreme views (避免偏激的)明智，冷静 [Middle English from Latin sanitas (as SANE)]

San Juan /ˌsænˈhwɑ:n/ n.  圣胡安 [波多黎各首府]

sank past  of SINK  

San Marinese /ˈsænˌmæriˈni:z/ adj. & n.  圣马力诺的(人)

San Marino   圣马力诺

sannyasi /sənˈjɑ:si/ n. (also 亦作 sanyasi) (pl. same 单复同)  a Hindu religious mendicant (印度教)托钵僧；遁世者 [Sanskrit saṃnyɑˉsī nominative sing. of saṃnyɑˉsin ‘laying aside, ascetic’, from saṃ ‘together’, ni ‘down’, as ‘throw’]

sans /sænz/ prep. archaic or joc.  without [古义] [诙]无，没有 [Middle English from Old French san(z), sen(s), ultimately from Latin sine, influenced by Latin absentia ‘in the absence of’]

sans-culotte /sænzkjʊˈlɒt/ n.  1 hist.  a lower-class Parisian republican in the French Revolution [史义] (法国大革命时期)巴黎底层赞同共和者 2  an extreme republican or revolutionary 激进共和者；激进革命者 □ sans-culottism  n.   [French, literally ‘without knee-breeches’]

Sanskrit /ˈsænskrit/ n. & adj. ●n.  the ancient and sacred language of the Hindus in India 梵语 ●adj.  of or relating to this language 梵语的 □ Sanskritic  /-ˈskritik/ adj.  □ Sanskritist  n.   [Sanskrit saṃskṛta ‘composed, elaborated’, from saṃ ‘together’ + kṛ ‘make’ + past part. ending -ta]

sans serif /sæn ˈserif/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 sanserif) Printing 【印刷】  ●n.  a form of type without serifs 无衬线字体 ●adj.  without serifs 无衬线的 [apparently from SANS + SERIF]

Santa Claus /ˈsæntə klɔ:z/ n. (also colloq. [亦口] Santa)  a person said to bring children presents on the night before Christmas 圣诞老人 [originally US from Dutch dialect Sante Klaas ‘St Nicholas’]

Santiago /ˌsæntiˈɑ:gəu/ n.  1  圣地亚哥[智利首都] 2  圣地亚哥[古巴港市]

santolina /sæntəˈli:nə/ n.  any aromatic shrub of the genus Santolina, with finely divided leaves and small usu. yellow flowers 神圣亚麻(叶片细小，通常开小黄花) [modern Latin, variant of SANTONICA]

santonica /sænˈtɒnikə/ n.  1  a shrubby wormwood plant, Artemisia cina, yielding santonin 山道年嵩，山道年草 2  the dried flower heads of this used as an anthelmintic 山道年干花蕾(用作驱蠕虫药) [Latin from Santones, the name of an Aquitanian tribe]

santonin /ˈsæntənin/ n.  a toxic drug extracted from santonica and other plants of the genus Artemisia, used as an anthelmintic 山道年(用作驱蠕虫药) [SANTONICA + -IN]

sanyasi var.  of SANNYASI  SANNYASI 的变体

sap1 /sæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the vital juice circulating in plants (植物的)液，汁 2  vigour; vitality 元气，活力 3  = SAPWOOD  4 US slang  a bludgeon (originally one made from a sapling) [美] [俚语]大短头棒，警棍(最初用幼树制成) ●v. tr. (sapped, sapping)  1  drain or dry (wood) of sap 弄干(木材)的液汁 2  remove the sapwood from (a log) 除去(原木)的边材 3 US slang  hit with a sap [美] [俚语]用大头短棒击打 □ sapful  adj.  □ sapless  adj.   [Old English sœp, probably from Germanic]

sap2 /sæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tunnel or trench to conceal assailants' approach to a fortified place; a covered siege-trench (掩蔽进攻人员逼近对方要塞的)坑道；战壕 2  an insidious or slow undermining of a belief, resolution, etc. (信仰、决心等)破坏，动摇 ●v. (sapped, sapping)  1 intr.  a  dig a sap or saps 挖坑道，挖战壕b  approach by a sap (隐蔽地)逼近 2 tr.  undermine; make insecure by removing the foundations 破坏；动摇(根基) 3 tr.  weaken or destroy insidiously (暗中)削弱或破坏  his confidence has been sapped  他的信心已经动摇 [ultimately from Italian zappa ‘spade, spadework’, in part through French sappe sap(p)er, probably of Arabic origin]

sap3 /sæp/ n. slang  a foolish person [俚语]傻瓜 [abbreviation of sapskull, from SAP1 = sapwood + SKULL]

sapanwood var.  of SAPPANWOOD  SAPPANWOOD 的变体

sapele /səˈpi:li/ n.  1  any of several large W. African hardwood trees of the genus Entandrophragma 萨佩莱(产于西非的一种质硬树木) 2  the reddish-brown mahogany-like timber of these trees 萨佩莱木(类似桃花心木的硬材) [West African name]

sap green n. & adj. ●n.  1  the green pigment made from buckthorn berries 暗绿色染料 2  the colour of this 暗绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this green colour 暗绿色的

sapid /ˈsæpid/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  having (esp. an agreeable) flavour; savoury; palatable; not insipid (尤指令人喜欢的)美味的；味道好的 2 (of talk, writing, etc.) not vapid or uninteresting (谈话、文章等)有趣的；饶有兴味的 □ sapidity  /səˈpiditi/ n.   [Latin sapidus from sapere ‘taste’]

sapient /ˈseipiənt/ adj. literary [文学用语]  1  wise 睿智的；精明的 2  aping wisdom; of fancied sagacity 装作聪明的；貌似学识高深的 □ sapience  n.  □ sapiently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French or Latin part. stem of sapere ‘be wise’]

sapiential /seipiˈenʃ(ə)l/ adj. literary  of or relating to wisdom [文学用语]睿智的；贤明的 [Middle English from French sapiential or ecclesiastical Latin sapientialis, from Latin sapientia ‘wisdom’]

sapling /ˈsæpliŋ/ n.  1  a young tree 幼树 2  a youth 年轻人 3  a greyhound in its first year (不满 1 岁的)一种长脚善跑的猎犬

sapodilla /sæpəˈdilə/ n.  a large evergreen tropical American tree, Manilkara zapota, with edible fruit and durable wood, and sap from which chicle is obtained 人心果树(产于美洲热带的一种高大常青树) [Spanish zapotillo, diminutive of zapote, from Nahuatl tzɑˊpotl]

sapodilla plum n.  the fruit of the sapodilla tree 人心果(指果实)

saponaceous /sæpəˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1  of, like, or containing soap; soapy 肥皂的，肥皂似的，含肥皂的 2 joc.  unctuous; flattering [诙]圆滑的；奉承的 [modern Latin saponaceus from Latin sapo -onis ‘soap’]

saponify /səˈpɒnifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  turn (fat or oil) into soap by reaction with an alkali (使)皂化，(使)碱化 2 tr.  convert (an ester) to an acid and alcohol (把酯)化为酸和醇 3 intr.  become saponified 皂化的 □ saponifiable  adj.  □ saponification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French saponifier (as SAPONACEOUS)]

saponin /ˈsæpənin/ n.  any of a group of plant glycosides, esp. those derived from the bark of the soapbark tree Quillaja saponaria, that foam when shaken with water and are used in detergents and fire extinguishers 皂角苷(尤指从皂皮树的树皮中提取而来的苷，和水混合摇动时会产生泡沫，用作洗涤剂和灭火器的成分) [French saponine from Latin sapo -onis ‘soap’]

sapor /ˈseipɔ:, -pə/ n.  1  a quality perceptible by taste, e.g. sweetness 味道；滋味 2  the distinctive taste of a substance (物质的)特殊味道；风味 3  the sensation of taste 味觉 [Middle English from Latin sapere ‘taste’]

sappanwood /ˈsæpənwʊd/ n. (also 亦作 sapanwood)  the heartwood of an E. Indian tree, Caesalpinia sappan, formerly used as a source of red dye 苏木(产于印度东部，曾用以提取红色染料) [Dutch sapan from Malay sapang, of S. Indian origin]

sapper /ˈsæpə/ n.  1  a person who digs saps 挖坑道的人 2 Brit.  a soldier of the Royal Engineers (esp. as the official term for a private) [英]皇家工兵 3 US  a military engineer who lays or detects and disarms mines [美] (埋地雷、探测或拆除地雷的)军事工程人员

Sapphic /ˈsæfik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Sappho, poetess of Lesbos c. 600 BC, or her poetry (公元前 6 世纪希腊女诗人)萨福的，萨福诗的 2  lesbian 女同性恋的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数) (作 sapphics)  verse in a metre associated with Sappho 萨福诗体 [French sa(p)phique via Latin Sapphicus from Greek Sapphikos, from Sapphō]

sapphire /ˈsæfaiə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a transparent blue precious stone consisting of corundum 蓝宝石 2  precious transparent corundum of any colour (透明)刚玉宝石 3  = SAPPHIRE BLUEn.  4  a hummingbird with bright blue colouring 蓝喉蓝胸蜂鸟 ●adj.  = SAPPHIRE BLUEadj.  □ sapphirine  /ˈsæfirain/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French safir and Latin sapphirus from Greek sappheiros, probably = lapis lazuli]

sapphire blue n. & adj. ●n.  a bright blue colour 宝石蓝色，天蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 宝石蓝色的，天蓝色的

sapphire wedding n.  a 45th wedding anniversary 蓝宝石婚(结婚 45 周年纪念)

sappy /ˈsæpi/ adj. (sappier, sappiest)  1  full of sap 树汁多的 2  young and vigorous 年轻的，生机勃勃的 3 N. Amer. colloq.  over-sentimental; mawkish [北美口]过于多愁善感的；易伤感的 □ sappily  adv.  □ sappiness  n.  

sapro- /ˈsæprəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  rotten, putrefying [构词成分]【生】腐败 [Greek sapros ‘putrid’]

saprogenic /sæprəˈdʒenik/ adj.  causing or produced by putrefaction 引起腐败的，因腐败而生的

saprophagous /sæˈprɒfəɡəs/ adj.  feeding on decaying matter 食腐的

saprophile /ˈsæprə(ʊ)fail/ n.  a bacterium inhabiting putrid matter (寄生在腐物上的)细菌 □ saprophilous  /-ˈprɒfiləs/ adj.  

saprophyte /ˈsæprə(ʊ)fait/ n.  any plant or micro-organism living on dead or decayed organic matter 腐生植物；腐生生物 □ saprophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.  

sapsucker /ˈsæpsʌkə/ n.  a small American woodpecker of the genus Sphyrapicus, which pecks holes in trees and visits them for sap and insects (产于美洲的以树汁和昆虫为食的)啄木鸟

sapwood /ˈsæpwʊd/ n.  the soft outer layers of recently formed wood between the heartwood and the bark (树皮和心材之间的)边材，液材

Sara /ˈseərə/   萨拉 [人名]

saraband /ˈsærəbænd/ n.  1  a stately old Spanish dance 萨拉班德舞(一种庄严的古西班牙舞) 2  music for or the rhythm of this, usu. in triple time and often with a long note on the second beat of the bar 萨拉班德舞曲 [French sarabande from Spanish & Italian zarabanda]

Saracen /ˈsærəs(ə)n/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  an Arab or Muslim at the time of the Crusades (十字军东侵时的)阿拉伯人，穆斯林 2  a nomad of the Syrian and Arabian desert 撒拉森人(叙利亚和阿拉伯沙漠的游牧部落中的一员) ●adj.  of the Saracens 撒拉森人的；阿拉伯人的；穆斯林的 □ Saracenic  /særəˈsenik/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French sar(r)azin, sar(r)acin and Late Latin Saracenus from late Greek Sarakēnos, perhaps from Arabic šarkī ‘eastern’]

Saracen corn n. Brit. archaic  buckwheat [英古义]荞麦

Saracen's head n.  the head of a Saracen or Turk as a heraldic charge or inn-sign 撒拉森人头像(用作纹章图案或客栈招牌)

Sarah /ˈseərə/   萨拉 [人名]

sarangi /səˈræŋɡi, sɑ:ˈrʌŋɡi/ n. (pl. sarangis)  an Indian stringed instrument played with a bow 萨伦吉琴(一种印度弦乐乐器) [Hindi sɑˉraṅgī]

sarape var.  of SERAPE  SERAPE 的变体

sarcasm /ˈsɑ:kæz(ə)m/ n.  1  the use of bitter or wounding, esp. ironic, remarks; language consisting of such remarks 嘲笑，讽刺，嘲讽，挖苦  suffered from constant sarcasm about his work  忍受对他工作的不断的讽刺挖苦 2  such a remark 讽刺话，挖苦话 □ sarcastic  /sɑ:ˈkæstik/ adj.  □ sarcastically  /sɑ:ˈkæstik(ə)li/ adv.   [French sarcasme or Late Latin sarcasmus from late Greek sarkasmos, from Greek sarkazō ‘tear flesh’, in late Greek ‘gnash the teeth, speak bitterly’, from sarx sarkos ‘flesh’]

sarcenet var.  of SARSENET  SARSENET 的变体

sarcoma /sɑ:ˈkəʊmə/ n. (pl. sarcomas or sarcomata /-mətə/)  a malignant tumour of connective or other non-epithelial tissue 肉瘤(一种恶性肿瘤) □ sarcomatosis  /-ˈtəʊsis/ n.  □ sarcomatous  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek sarkōma, via sarkoō ‘become fleshy’ from sarx sarkos ‘flesh’]

sarcophagus /sɑ:ˈkɒfəɡəs/ n. (pl. sarcophagi /-ɡai, -dʒai/)  a stone coffin, esp. one adorned with a sculpture or inscription (尤指有雕刻装饰的)石棺 [Latin from Greek sarkophagos ‘flesh-consuming’ (as SARCOMA, -phagos ‘-eating’)]

sarcoplasm /ˈsɑ:kə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m/ n. Anat.  the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells 【解】肌质，肌浆 [Greek sarx sarkos ‘flesh’ + PLASMA]

sarcous /ˈsɑ:kəs/ adj.  consisting of flesh or muscle 肉的；肌肉的 [Greek sarx sarkos ‘flesh’]

Sard /sɑ:d/ adj. & n.  = SARDINIAN 

sard /sɑ:d/ n.  a yellow or orange-red cornelian 肉红玉髓，黄玉髓 [Middle English via French sarde or Latin sarda = Late Latin sardius from Greek sardios, probably from Sardō ‘Sardinia’]

sardar var.  of SIRDAR  SIRDAR 的变体

sardelle /sɑ:ˈdel/ n.  a sardine, anchovy, or other small fish similarly prepared for eating 欧洲沙丁鱼；鲱科小鱼 [Italian sardella, diminutive of sarda, from Latin (as SARDINE1)]

sardine1 /sɑ:ˈdi:n/ n.  a young pilchard or similar young or small herring-like marine fish 沙丁鱼 □ like sardines   crowded close together (as sardines are in tins 像罐头里的沙丁鱼一样紧紧挤在一起) (像沙丁鱼似的)紧紧挤在一起 [Middle English via Old French sardine = Italian sardina, via Latin, from sarda from Greek, perhaps from Sardō ‘Sardinia’]

sardine2 /ˈsɑ:dain/ n.  = SARDIUS  [Middle English via Late Latin sardinus from Greek sardinos, variant of sardios SARD (Rev. 4:3)]

Sardinian /sɑ:ˈdiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Sardinia, a Mediterranean island now administratively part of Italy 撒丁岛人(撒丁岛位于地中海，属意大利) 2  the Romance language of Sardinia 撒丁语 ●adj.  of or relating to Sardinia or its people or language 撒丁岛的；撒丁岛人的；撒丁岛语的

sardius /ˈsɑ:diəs/ n.  a red precious stone mentioned in the Bible (e.g. Exod. 28:17) and in classical writings (《圣经》中(《出埃及记》 28:17) 以及古典作品中提及的)红宝石 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek sardios ‘sard’]

sardonic /sɑ:ˈdɒnik/ adj.  1  grimly jocular 嘲讽的，嘲弄的 2 (of laughter etc.) bitterly mocking or cynical (笑声等)冷嘲的；讽刺的 □ sardonically  adv.  □ sardonicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [French sardonique, earlier sardonien, via Latin sardonius from Greek sardonios ‘of Sardinia’, alteration of sardanios, a Homeric epithet of bitter or scornful laughter]

sardonyx /ˈsɑ:dəniks/ n.  onyx in which white layers alternate with sard 缠丝玛瑙 [Middle English via Latin from Greek sardonux (probably as SARD, ONYX)]

saree var.  of SARI  SARI 的变体

sargasso /sɑ:ˈɡæsəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 sargassum)  any seaweed of the genus Sargassum, with berry-like air-vessels, found floating in island-like masses, esp. in the Sargasso Sea of the N. Atlantic Also called 亦称作 GULFWEED (尤指浮在大西洋北部马尾藻海上的)果囊马尾藻 [Portuguese sargaço, of unknown origin]

sarge /sɑ:dʒ/ n. slang  sergeant [俚语]中士 [abbreviation]

sari /ˈsɑ:ri/ n. (also 亦作 saree) (pl. saris or sarees)  a length of cotton or silk draped round the body, traditionally worn as a main garment by Indian women (传统上印度女人披在身上的)莎丽服 [Hindi sɑˉṛ(h)ī]

sarin /ˈsɑ:rin/ n.  an organic phosphorus compound used as a nerve gas 沙林(一种用作神经毒气的有机磷化学剂) [German]

sark /sɑ:k/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a shirt or chemise [苏格兰和英格兰北部]衬衣；女无袖衬衣 [Middle English serk from Old Norse serkr, from Germanic]

sarking /ˈsɑ:kiŋ/ n. orig. Sc. & N. Engl.  boarding between the rafters and the roof [源于苏格兰和英格兰北部] (房椽与屋顶之间的)衬垫板 [SARK + -ING1]

sarky /ˈsɑ:ki/ adj. (sarkier, sarkiest) Brit. slang  sarcastic [英] [俚语]讽刺的，挖苦的 □ sarkily  adv.  □ sarkiness  n.   [abbreviation]

sarmentose /ˈsɑ:məntəʊs, sɑ:mənˈtəʊs, -z/ adj. (also 亦作 sarmentous /-ˈmentəs/) Bot.  having long thin trailing shoots 【植】长匍茎的 [Latin sarmentosus, via sarmenta (pl.) ‘twigs, brushwood’ from sarpere ‘to prune’]

sarnie /ˈsɑ:ni:/ n. Brit. colloq.  a sandwich [英口]三明治 [abbreviation]

sarong /səˈrɒŋ/ n.  1  a Malay and Javanese garment consisting of a long strip of (often striped) cloth worn by both sexes tucked round the waist or under the armpits 纱笼(马来人和爪哇人男女皆穿的服装) 2  a woman's garment resembling this 纱笼式女服 [Malay, literally ‘sheath’]

saros /ˈsɛərɒs/ n. Astron.  a period of about 18 years between repetitions of eclipses 【天】沙罗周期(约 18 年一次) [Greek from Babylonian šɑˉr(u) ‘3,600 (years)’: the sense apparently based on a misinterpretation of šɑˉru as approximately 18.5 years]

sarrusophone /səˈrʌsəfəʊn/ n.  a metal wind instrument played with a double reed like an oboe 萨鲁管(一种双簧吹奏乐器) [named after Sarrus, 19th-c. French bandmaster, who invented it]

sarsaparilla /sɑ:s(ə)pəˈrilə/ n.  1  a preparation of the dried roots of various plants, esp. smilax, used to flavour some drinks and medicines and formerly as a tonic 菝葜干根(用作调味，以前用以制药) 2  any of the plants yielding this 菝葜类植物 [Spanish zarzaparilla, from zarza ‘bramble’, probably + a diminutive of parra ‘vine’]

sarsen /ˈsɑ:s(ə)n/ n. Geol.  a silicified sandstone boulder as found on the chalk downs of southern England 【地质】(英格兰南部石灰岩丘陵地区的)砂岩漂砾 [probably variant of SARACEN]

sarsenet /ˈsɑ:snit/ n. (also 亦作 sarcenet)  a fine soft silk material used esp. for linings (尤指用作衬里的)里子薄绸 [Middle English from Anglo-French sarzinett, perhaps a diminutive of sarzin SARACEN, suggested by Old French drap sarrasinois ‘Saracen cloth’]

sartorial /sɑ:ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to a tailor or tailoring 裁缝的；缝纫的 2  of or relating to clothes, esp. in respect of their elegance, neatness, etc. 服装的(尤指精美和工整等方面) □ sartorially  adv.   [Latin sartor ‘tailor’ from sarcire sart- ‘to patch’]

sartorius /sɑ:ˈtɔ:riəs/ n. Anat.  the long narrow muscle running across the front of each thigh 【解】(大腿上的)缝匠肌 [modern Latin from Latin sartor ‘tailor’ (the muscle being used in adopting a tailor's cross-legged posture)]

Sarum use /ˈsɛərəm/ n. Eccl.  the order of divine service used in the diocese of Salisbury before the Reformation 【教会】(宗教改革运动之前索尔兹伯里教区的)塞勒姆礼拜仪式 [medieval Latin Sarum ‘Salisbury’, perhaps from Sarisburia, Latinized form of Old English Searobyrg]

SAS abbr. (in the UK) Special Air Service [缩略] (英国)特种航空队

s.a.s.e. abbr. (also 亦作 SASE) US  self-addressed stamped envelope [缩略] [美] (贴足邮资和写上自己姓名地址的)回信信封

sash1 /sæʃ/ n.  a long strip or loop of cloth worn over one shoulder or round the waist, usu. as part of a uniform or insignia (通常作为制服或徽章的一部分)腰带，彩带 □ sashed  adj.   [earlier shash, from Arabic šɑˉš ‘muslin, turban’]

sash2 /sæʃ/ n.  1  a frame holding the glass in a window, esp. a sash window (尤指吊窗的)窗框 2  the glazed sliding light of a glasshouse or garden frame (暖房或温床等的)推拉窗 □ sashed  adj.   [sashes, corruption of CHASSIS, mistaken for pl.]

sashay /sæˈʃei/ v. intr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  walk or move ostentatiously, casually, or diagonally [尤北美口]漫不经心(或大摇大摆)地走 [corruption of CHASSÉ]

sash cord n.  a strong cord attaching the sash weights of a sash window to a sash 吊窗绳

sashimi /ˈsæʃimi/ n.  a Japanese dish of bite-sized pieces of raw fish eaten with soy sauce and horseradish paste 生鱼片(一种日本菜肴，吃时蘸上酱油和辣根糊) [Japanese]

sash tool n.  a glazier's or painter's brush for work on sash windows (玻璃工或油漆工刷框格窗的)框刷

sash weight n. (on a sash window) a weight attached to each end of a sash to balance it at any height 吊窗锤(用于使窗子在任何高度都保持平衡)

sash window n.  a window with one or two sashes of which one or either can be slid vertically over the other to make an opening (垂直滑动的)吊窗，框格窗

sasin /ˈsæsin/ n.  = BLACKBUCK  [Nepali]

sasine /ˈseisin/ n. Sc. Law [苏格兰]【法律】  1  the possession of feudal property 封地的占有 2  an act or document granting this 授予封地的仪式(或文书) [variant of SEISIN]

Sask. abbr.  Saskatchewan [缩略] (加拿大)萨斯喀彻温省

Sasquatch /ˈsæskwætʃ, -wɒtʃ/ n.  = BIGFOOT  [Salishan]

sass /sæs/ n. & v. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n.  impudence, cheek 唐突，粗鲁 ●v. tr.  be impudent to, cheek 对…无礼；粗鲁对待 [variant of SAUCE]

sassaby var.  of TSESSEBI  TSESSEBI 的变体

sassafras /ˈsæsəfræs/ n.  1  a small tree, Sassafras albidum, native to N. America, with aromatic leaves and bark 北美檫木，黄樟 2  a preparation of oil extracted from the leaves, or from its bark, used medicinally or in perfumery 檫木油剂(用作药或香料) [Spanish sasafrɑˊs or Portuguese sassafraz, of unknown origin]

Sassanian /sæˈseiniən/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Sassanid /ˈsæsənid/) ●n.  a member of a Persian dynasty ruling 224 － 651 (224 至 651 年间波斯的)萨桑王朝的君主 ●adj.  of or relating to this dynasty 萨桑王朝的 [from Sasan, the name of the founder of the dynasty]

Sassenach /ˈsæsənæx, -næk/ n. & adj. Sc. & Ir. usu. derog. [苏格兰和爱尔兰] [通常贬] ●n.  an English person 英格兰人 ●adj.  English 英格兰人的 [Gaelic Sasunnoch, Irish Sasanach from Latin Saxones ‘Saxons’]

sassy /ˈsæsi/ adj. (sassier, sassiest) esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  = SAUCY  □ sassily  adv.  □ sassiness  n.   [variant of SAUCY]

sastrugi /sæˈstru:ɡi/ n. pl.  wavelike irregularities on the surface of hard polar snow, caused by winds (极地上由风造成的)雪面波纹 [Russian zastrugi ‘small ridges’]

SAT abbr. [缩略]  standard assessment task 

Sat. abbr. [缩略]  Saturday 

sat past and past part.  of SIT 

Satan /ˈseit(ə)n/ n.  the Devil; Lucifer 撒旦，魔王 [Old English via Late Latin and Greek from Hebrew šɑˉṭɑˉn, literally ‘adversary’, from šaṭan ‘oppose, plot against’]

satanic /səˈtænik/ adj.  1  of, like, or befitting Satan 撒旦的，撒旦般的 2  diabolical, hellish 邪恶的；恶魔般的 □ satanically  adv.  

Satanism /ˈseit(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  the worship of Satan, with a travesty of Christian forms 撒旦崇拜，魔王崇拜 2  the pursuit of evil for its own sake; deliberate wickedness 邪恶的行径；魔鬼行为 □ Satanist  n.  □ Satanize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

Satanology /seitəˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  1  beliefs concerning the Devil 撒旦信仰 2  a history or collection of these 撒旦信仰史；撒旦信仰文集

satay /ˈsætei/ n. (also 亦作 satai, saté)  an Indonesian and Malaysian dish consisting of small pieces of meat grilled on a skewer and usu. served with spiced sauce 加香烤肉(印度尼西亚和马来西亚菜肴) [Malayan satai sate, Indonesian sate]

SATB abbr. Mus.  soprano, alto, tenor, and bass (as a combination of voices) [缩略]【音】(作为混声的)女高音、女低音、男高音和男低音

satchel /ˈsætʃ(ə)l/ n.  a small bag usu. of leather and hung from the shoulder with a strap, for carrying books etc. esp. to and from school (通常用皮革制成的)书包 [Middle English via Old French sachel from Latin saccellus (as SACK1)]

sate /seit/ v. tr.  1  gratify (desire, or a desirous person) to the full 充分满足(欲望或有欲望的人) 2  cloy, surfeit, weary with over-abundance 使腻厌；使过度满足  sated with pleasure  耽于享乐 □ sateless  adj. poet. [诗]   [probably dialect sade from Old English sadian (related to SAD), assimilated to SATIATE]

sateen /sæˈti:n/ n.  cotton fabric woven like satin with a glossy surface 棉缎，缎纹布；纬缎 [satin, on the pattern of velveteen]

satellite /ˈsætəlait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a celestial body orbiting the earth or another planet 卫星 2  an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet (被送入地球或其它行星轨道的)人造卫星 3  a follower; a hanger-on 追随者；随从；仆从 4  an underling; a member of an important person's staff or retinue 下属；(显要人物的)随员(或扈从) 5 (in full 全称 satellite state)  a small country etc. nominally independent but controlled by or dependent on another 卫星国，附属国 ●adj.  1  transmitted by satellite 卫星传播的  satellite communications  卫星通讯 satellite television  卫星电视 2  on the periphery 周边的，附属的  satellite estates of London  伦敦周边的地产 □ satellitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  □ satellitism  n.   [French satellite or Latin satelles satellitis ‘attendant’]

satellite dish n.  a concave dish-shaped aerial for receiving broadcasting signals transmitted by satellite 碟形卫星天线

satellite town n.  a small town economically or otherwise dependent on a nearby larger town 卫星城(经济等方面依赖于附近大城市的小城)

sati var.  of SUTTEE  SUTTEE 的变体

satiate /ˈseiʃieit/ adj. & v. ●adj. archaic  satiated [古义] (过度)满足的；饱足的 ●v. tr.  = SATE  □ satiable  /-ʃəb(ə)l/ adj. archaic [古义]  □ satiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin satiatus, past part. of satiare, from satis ‘enough’]

satiety /səˈtaiiti/ n.  1  the state of being glutted or satiated 饱足；餍足；满足 2  the feeling of having too much of something 厌腻感 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a cloyed dislike of 腻烦 □ to satiety   to an extent beyond what is desired 厌腻 [obsolete French sacieté from Latin satietas -tatis, from satis ‘enough’]

satin /ˈsætin/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  a fabric of silk or various man-made fibres, with a glossy surface on one side produced by a twill weave with the weft-threads almost hidden (丝或各种人造丝织成的)缎子 ●adj.  smooth as satin 缎面似的，光滑的 ●v. tr. (satined, satining)  give a glossy surface to (paper) (在纸上)加上纹理蜡光 □ satinized  adj. (also -ised)  □ satiny  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Arabic zaytūnī ‘of Tsinkiang’, a town in China]

satinette /sætiˈnet, ˈsætinit/ n. (also 亦作 satinet)  a satin-like fabric made partly or wholly of cotton or synthetic fibre (全部或部分用棉纱或合成纤维织成的)充经缎

satin finish n.  1  a polish given to silver etc. with a metallic brush (银器等的)打磨，抛光 2  any effect resembling satin in texture produced on materials in various ways 缎面光洁度

satinflower /ˈsætinflaʊə/ n.  any plant whose flowers have a satiny sheen, e.g. greater stitchwort, Stellaria holostea 缎花

satin paper n.  fine glossy writing paper 蜡光纸

satin spar n.  a fibrous variety of gypsum 纤维石

satin stitch n.  a long straight embroidery stitch, giving the appearance of satin 缎纹刺绣针迹

satinwood /ˈsætinwʊd/ n.  1  a (in full 全称 Ceylon or Sri Lanka satinwood)  a tree, Chloroxylon swietenia, native to central and southern India and Sri Lanka (产于印度中南部和斯里兰卡的)缎木b (in full 全称 West Indian or Jamaican satinwood)  a tree, Fagara flava, native to the West Indies, Bermuda, and southern Florida 西印度缎木，牙买加缎木(产于西印度群岛、百慕大和佛罗里达南部) 2  the yellow glossy timber of either of these trees 缎木木材

satire /ˈsætaiə/ n.  1  the use of ridicule, irony, sarcasm, etc., to expose folly or vice or to lampoon an individual (用于揭露愚蠢或邪恶的)讽刺，讥讽 2  a work or composition in prose or verse using satire 讽刺作品，讽刺文章 3  this branch of literature 讽刺文学 4  a thing that brings ridicule upon something else 讽刺性事物 5 Rom. Antiq.  a poetic medley, esp. a poem ridiculing prevalent vices or follies [古罗马]讽刺杂咏 [French satire or Latin satira, later form of satura ‘medley’]

satiric /səˈtirik/ adj.  1  of satire or satires 讽刺的；讥讽的 2  containing satire 含有讽刺的  wrote a satiric review  写了一篇有讽刺意味的评论 3  writing satire 写讽刺作品的  a satiric poet  讽刺诗人 [French satirique or Late Latin satiricus (as SATIRE)]

satirical /səˈtirik(ə)l/ adj.  1  = SATIRIC  2  given to the use of satire in speech or writing or to cynical observation of others; sarcastic; humorously critical 讽刺的；讥讽的(在讲演或写作中使用讽刺；或对他人抱有讥讽态度) □ satirically  adv.  

satirist /ˈsætirist/ n.  1  a writer of satires 讽刺作家 2  a satirical person 爱讽刺的人

satirize /ˈsætiraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  assail or ridicule with satire 讽刺；讥讽 2  write a satire upon 写文章讽刺… 3  describe satirically 讥讽地描述 □ satirization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French satiriser (as SATIRE)]

satisfaction /sætisˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of satisfying; the state of being satisfied 满意，满足  heard this with great satisfaction  非常满意地听到这个消息 2  a thing that satisfies desire or gratifies feeling 使人满意的事或物  is a great satisfaction to me  对我来说是个极大的乐事 3  a thing that settles an obligation or pays a debt (义务的)履行；(债务的)清偿 4  a (foll. by 后跟 for)  atonement; compensation 赔偿(物)；补偿(物)  demanded satisfaction  要求赔偿；要求补偿b Theol.  Christ's atonement for the sins of mankind 【神】(基督替世人)赎罪 □ to one's satisfaction   so that one is satisfied 达到…满意的程度 [Middle English via Old French from Latin satisfactio -onis (as SATISFY)]

satisfactory /sætisˈfækt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  adequate; causing or giving satisfaction 适当的；令人满意的  was a satisfactory pupil  是个令人满意的学生 2  satisfying expectations or needs; leaving no room for complaint 能满足需要的；称心如意的  a satisfactory result  称心如意的结果 □ satisfactorily  adv.  □ satisfactoriness  n.   [French satisfactoire or medieval Latin satisfactorius (as SATISFY)]

satisfy /ˈsætisfai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  a  meet the expectations or desires of; comply with (a demand) 使满足；使满意；答应(要求)b  be accepted by (a person, his taste) as adequate; be equal to (a preconception etc.) 符合(某人的要求或品味)；符合(预先的想法等) 2 tr.  put an end to (an appetite or want) by supplying what was required 使(欲望或需求)得到满足 3 tr.  rid (a person) of an appetite or want in a similar way (以类似的方式)使(某人)摆脱欲望(或需求) 4 intr.  give satisfaction; leave nothing to be desired 给予满足；使称心如意 5 tr.  pay (a debt or creditor) 清偿(债务) 6 tr.  adequately meet, fulfil, or comply with (conditions, obligations, etc.) 充分满足，符合(条件、义务等)  has satisfied all the legal conditions  符合所有的法律条件 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of, that)  provide with adequate information or proof, convince 提供充分的信息(或证明)；使确信  satisfied the others that they were right  使其他人相信他们是正确的 satisfy the court of their innocence  使法庭确信他们的清白 8 tr. Math. (of a quantity) make (an equation) true 【数】(指量)解，符合 9 tr. (in passive 用被动)  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  contented or pleased with 满意于…b (foll. by 后跟 to)  demand no more than or consider it enough to do 满足于… □ satisfy the examiners  Brit.  reach the standard required to pass an examination [英]考试合格□ satisfy oneself  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  be certain in one's own mind 自己确信…□ satisfiable  adj.  □ satisfiability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ satisfiedly  adv.  □ satisfying  adj.  □ satisfyingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French satisfier from Latin satisfacere satisfact-, from satis ‘enough’]

satnav /ˈsætnæv/ n. esp. Naut. (尤)【海】  1  navigation assisted by information from satellites (卫星信息辅助的)航行 2  a navigation system capable of receiving such information (可接收卫星信息的)航海系统 [acronym from satellite navigation]

satori /səˈtɔ:ri/ n. Buddhism  sudden enlightenment 【佛教】顿悟，开悟 [Japanese, = awakening]

satrap /ˈsætræp/ n.  1  a provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire (古波斯帝国各省的)总督 2  a subordinate ruler, colonial governor, etc. 属官；殖民地总督 [Middle English from Old French satrape or Latin satrapa via Greek satrapēs from Old Persian xšathra-pɑˉvan ‘country-protector’]

satrapy /ˈsætrəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a province ruled over by a satrap (总督管辖的)省

satsuma /sætˈsu:mə/ n.  1  a variety of tangerine originally grown in Japan 萨摩蜜橘(原产于日本) 2 /also 亦作 ˈsætsʊmə, -sjʊ-/ (作 Satsuma) (in full 全称 Satsuma ware)  cream-coloured Japanese pottery (乳白色的日本)萨摩瓷器 [Satsuma, a province in Japan]

saturate /ˈsætʃʊreit, -tjʊreit/ v. tr.  1  fill with moisture; soak thoroughly 浸透；湿透 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  fill to capacity 使充满 3  cause (a substance, solution, vapour, metal, or air) to absorb, hold, or combine with the greatest possible amount of another substance, or of moisture, magnetism, electricity, etc. 使(某物质、溶液、蒸汽、金属或空气)饱和 4  supply (a market) beyond the point at which the demand for a product is satisfied 使(市场)饱和 5 (foll. by 后跟 with, in)  imbue with or steep in (learning, tradition, prejudice, etc.) 精通(学识、传统等)；充满(偏见) 6  overwhelm (enemy defences, a target area, etc.) by concentrated bombing (通过集中轰炸)击溃(敌方的防御工事或目标区等) 7 (as 作 saturated adj.)  a (of colour) full; rich; free from an admixture of white (指颜色)深的；浓的；饱满的b Chem. (of fat molecules) containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms and no carbon-carbon double bonds 【化】(指脂肪分子)饱合的 □ saturate  /-rət/ adj. literary [文学用语]  □ saturable  /-rəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ saturant  /-r(ə)nt/ n. & adj.   [Latin saturare from satur ‘full’]

saturation /sætʃʊˈreiʃ(ə)n, -tjʊ-/ n.  the act or an instance of saturating; the state of being saturated 饱和；饱和状态

saturation bombing n. Mil.  intensive aerial bombing 【军】饱和轰炸

saturation point n.  the stage beyond which no more can be absorbed or accepted 饱和点

Saturday /ˈsætədei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the seventh day of the week, following Friday 星期六 ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Saturday 在星期六 2 (作 Saturdays)  on Saturdays; each Saturday 在星期六；每星期六 [Old English Sœtern(es)dœg, translation of Latin Saturni dies ‘day of Saturn’]

Saturn /ˈsæt(ə)n/ n.  the sixth planet from the sun, circled by a system of broad flat rings, and the most distant of the five planets known in the ancient world 土星(太阳的第 6 颗行星，有一宽环环绕，在古代被认为是所知的 5 颗行星中最远的一颗) [Latin Saturnus, the name of the Roman god of agriculture (identified with Kronos, father of Zeus), perhaps from Etruscan]

saturnalia /sætəˈneiliə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or saturnalias)  1 (usu. 通常作 Saturnalia) Rom. Hist.  the festival of Saturn in December, characterized by unrestrained merrymaking for all, the predecessor of Christmas [罗马]【史】农神节(在 12 月，以无节制的狂欢为特征，圣诞节的前身) 2 (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a scene of wild revelry or tumult; an orgy 纵情狂欢；恣意放浪 □ saturnalian  adj.   [Latin, neut. pl. of Saturnalis (as SATURN)]

Saturnian /səˈtɜ:niən/ adj.  1  of or relating to the planet Saturn 土星的 2  = SATURNINE 1 

saturnic /səˈtɜ:nik/ adj. Med. archaic  affected with lead poisoning 【医】[古义]铅中毒的 □ saturnism  /ˈsætəniz(ə)m/   [SATURN]

saturniid /səˈtɜ:niid/ n.  any large moth of the family Saturniidae, including emperor moths 天蚕蛾 [modern Latin]

saturnine /ˈsætənain/ adj.  1  a  of a sluggish gloomy temperament 性格阴郁的b (of looks etc.) dark and brooding (面容等)阴沉的 2 archaic [古义]  a  of the metal lead 铅的b Med.  of or affected by lead poisoning 【医】铅中毒的；铅中毒引起的 □ saturninely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French saturnin from medieval Latin Saturninus ‘of Saturn’ (identified with lead by the alchemists and associated with slowness and gloom by astrologers)]

satyagraha /sʌˈtjɑ:ɡrəhɑ:/ n.  1 hist.  a policy of passive resistance to British rule in India, advocated by Gandhi [史义] (甘地倡导的)不合作主义(和平抵制英国在印度的统治) 2  passive resistance as a policy 非暴力不合作政策 [Sanskrit, from satya ‘truth’ + ɑˉgraha ‘obstinacy’]

satyr /ˈsætə/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) one of a class of Greek woodland gods with a horse's ears and tail, or (in Roman representations) with a goat's ears, tail, legs, and budding horns (希腊神话中的)萨梯，森林之神(具人形、马耳和马尾；或在罗马神话中为羊耳、羊尾、羊腿并长有羊角) 2  a lustful or sensual man 好色男子 3  = SATYRID  [Middle English via Old French satyre or Latin satyrus from Greek saturos]

satyriasis /sætiˈraiəsis/ n. Med.  excessive sexual desire in men 【医】(指男子)色情狂 [Late Latin from Greek saturiasis (as SATYR)]

satyric /səˈtirik/ adj. (in Greek mythology) of or relating to satyrs (希腊神话中森林之神)萨梯的 [Latin satyricus from Greek saturikos (as SATYR)]

satyric drama n.  a kind of ancient Greek comic play with a chorus of satyrs 羊人剧(由羊人合唱的一种古希腊滑稽喜剧)

satyrid /səˈtirid/ n.  any butterfly of the family Satyridae, often brown with small eye-spots on the wings 眼蝶(翅膀上长有棕色的小眼睛花纹) [modern Latin Satyridae from Latin Satyrus (as SATYR), used as a genus name]

sauce /sɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a liquid or semi-solid accompaniment to food, often of a specified flavour etc.; the liquid constituent of a dish 沙司；调味汁；酱油佐料  mint sauce  薄荷酱 tomato sauce  番茄酱 chicken in a lemon sauce  柠檬汁鸡 2  something adding piquancy or excitement 增加情趣(或刺激)的东西，佐料 3 esp. Brit. colloq.  impudence, impertinence, cheek [尤英口]粗鲁；无礼；冒失；唐突 4 N. Amer.  stewed fruit esp. apples, eaten as dessert or used as a garnish [北美]炖水果(尤指炖苹果，作为甜食或配菜) ●v. tr.  1 colloq.  be impudent to; cheek [口]粗鲁；唐突；无礼；冒失 2 archaic [古义]  a  season with sauce or condiments (用酱油或辛辣佐料)调味b  add excitement to 使增加趣味 □ (what is) sauce for the goose (is sauce for the gander)   what is appropriate in one case (by implication appropriate in others) 适用于甲的(东西)也一定适用于乙□ sauceless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin salsus, via salere sals- ‘to salt’ from sal ‘salt’]

sauce-boat n.  a kind of jug or dish used for serving sauces etc. (船形)调味汁碟

saucepan /ˈsɔ:spən/ n.  a usu. metal cooking pan, usu. round with a lid and a long handle at the side, used for boiling, stewing, etc., on top of a cooker 炖锅；长柄深平底锅 □ saucepanful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

saucer /ˈsɔ:sə/ n.  1  a shallow circular dish used for standing a cup on and to catch drips 茶碟；茶托 2  any similar dish used to stand a plant pot etc. on 碟形花盆垫盘 □ saucerful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ saucerless  adj.   [Middle English, = condiment-dish, from Old French saussier(e) ‘sauce-boat’, probably from Late Latin salsarium (as SAUCE)]

sauce tartare n.  = TARTARE SAUCE 

saucy /ˈsɔ:si/ adj. (saucier, sauciest)  1  impudent, cheeky 无礼的；粗鲁的 2 colloq.  smart-looking [口]漂亮的；俊俏的  a saucy hat  漂亮的帽子 3 colloq.  smutty, suggestive [口]猥亵的；挑逗性的 □ saucily  adv.  □ sauciness  n.   [earlier sense ‘savoury’, from SAUCE]

Saudi /ˈsaʊdi, ˈsɔ:di/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Saudi Arabian) ●n. (pl. Saudis)  1  a  a native or national of Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯人b  a person of Saudi descent 沙特阿拉伯人后裔 2  a member of the dynasty founded by King Saud 沙特王朝成员 ●adj.  of or relating to Saudi Arabia or the Saudi dynasty 沙特阿拉伯的；沙特王朝的 [from the name of A. Ibn-Saud, Arabic king d. 1953]

Saudi Arabia   沙特阿拉伯

Saudi Arabian /ˈsaudiəˈreibiən/ adj. & n.  沙特阿拉伯的(人)

sauerkraut /ˈsaʊəkraʊt/ n.  a German dish of chopped pickled cabbage (德国)泡菜 [German, from sauer SOUR + Kraut ‘vegetable’]

sauger /ˈsɔ:ɡə/ n. US  a small N. American pikeperch, Stizostedion canadense [美]鲈(体小，产于北美) [19th c.: origin unknown]

sauna /ˈsɔ:nə/ n.  1  a special room heated to a high temperature to clean and refresh the body 桑拿浴室 2  a period spent in such a room 桑拿浴 [Finnish]

saunders var.  of SANDERS  SANDERS 的变体

saunter /ˈsɔ:ntə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  walk slowly; amble, stroll 闲逛；漫步 2  proceed without hurry or effort 从容地进行(谋事) ●n.  1  a leisurely ramble 闲逛；漫游；漫步 2  a slow gait 从容的步态 □ saunterer  n.   [Middle English, = muse: origin unknown]

saurian /ˈsɔ:riən/ adj.  of or like a lizard 蜥蜴的；似蜥蜴的 [modern Latin Sauria from Greek saura ‘lizard’]

saurischian /sɔ:ˈriskiən, -ˈriʃiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the order Saurischia of dinosaurs with a pelvic structure like that of lizards 蜥臀目的 ●n.  a dinosaur of this order 蜥臀目恐龙 [modern Latin Saurischia, from Greek sauros ‘lizard’ + iskhion ‘hip joint’]

sauropod /ˈsɔ:rəpɒd/ n.  any of a group of large plant-eating dinosaurs with a long neck and tail, small head, and massive limbs 蜥脚类亚目动物(大型食草恐龙，长颈长尾，头小，四肢巨大) [Greek saura ‘lizard’ + pous pod- ‘foot’]

saury /ˈsɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a long-beaked marine fish, Scomberesox saurus, of temperate waters 长颔竹刀鱼；针鱼 [perhaps via Late Latin from Greek sauros ‘horse mackerel’]

sausage /ˈsɒsidʒ/ n.  1  a short length of minced pork, beef, or other meat seasoned and often mixed with other ingredients, encased in a cylindrical skin, sold to be cooked before eating 小香肠；小腊肠 2  a  minced pork, beef, or other meat seasoned and preserved and encased in a cylindrical skin, sold mainly to be eaten cold in slices or as a spread 香肠；腊肠b  a length of this 一段香肠 3  a sausage-shaped object 香肠状物体 □ not a sausage  Brit. colloq.  nothing at all [英口]一点也不，毫不 [Middle English via Old Norman French saussiche and medieval Latin salsicia from Latin salsus: see SAUCE]

sausage dog n. Brit. colloq.  a dachshund [英口]达克斯猎狗

sausage machine n.  1  a sausage-making machine 制香肠机 2 Brit.  a relentlessly uniform process [英] (生产中)不间断的一成不变的工序

sausage meat n.  minced meat used in sausages or as a stuffing etc. 香肠肉馅，碎肉馅

sausage roll n. Brit.  sausage meat enclosed in a pastry roll and baked [英]香肠肉馅卷

Sauternes /sə(ʊ)ˈtɜ:n/ n.  a sweet white wine from Sauternes in the Bordeaux region of France (法国波尔多地区出产的)苏特恩白葡萄酒

sauté /ˈsəʊtei/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (esp. of potatoes etc.) quickly fried in a little hot fat (尤指土豆等)炒的；煸的；嫩煎的 ●n.  food cooked in this way 炒(或煸)的食物 ●v. tr. (sautéd or sautéed)  cook in this way 炒；煸；嫩煎 [French, past part. of sauter ‘jump’]

savage /ˈsævidʒ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  fierce; cruel 凶恶的；凶狠的；残忍的  savage persecution  残酷的迫害 a savage blow  凶狠的一击 2  wild; primitive 野蛮的；原始的  savage tribes  原始部落 a savage animal  凶猛的动物 3 archaic (of scenery etc.) uncultivated [古义] (风景等)未开发的  a savage scene  莽荒的景色 4 colloq.  angry; bad-tempered [口]狂怒的；坏脾气的  in a savage mood  情绪愤怒地 5 Heraldry (of the human figure) naked 【纹章学】(人体)裸体的 ●n.  1 archaic offens.  a member of a primitive tribe [古义] [冒犯]原始部落的人；野蛮人 2  a cruel or barbarous person 残忍的人；粗野的人 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. of a dog, wolf, etc.) attack and bite or trample (尤指狗、狼等)乱咬；猛烈攻击 2 (of a critic etc.) attack fiercely (评论家等)猛烈攻击 □ savagedom  n.  □ savagely  adv.  □ savageness  n.  □ savagery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Old French sauvage ‘wild’ from Latin silvaticus, from silva ‘a wood’]

savannah /səˈvænə/ n. (also 亦作 savanna)  a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few or no trees (热带或亚热带的)稀树草原 [Spanish zavana, perhaps of Carib origin]

savant /ˈsæv(ə)nt/ n. (fem. savante /ˈsæv(ə)nt or 法 savɑ˜t/)  a learned person, esp. a distinguished scientist etc. 学者；专家；著名科学家 [French, part. of savoir ‘know’ (as SAPIENT)]

savate /səˈvɑ:t/ n.  a form of boxing in which feet and fists are used (拳脚并用的)法式拳击 [French, originally a kind of shoe: cf. SABOT]

save1 /seiv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  rescue, preserve, protect, or deliver from danger, harm, discredit, etc. (从危险，危害或名誉危机等中)救助，搭救，拯救，挽救；保全  saved my life  救了我的性命 saved me from drowning  把我从溺水中救起 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  keep for future use; reserve; refrain from spending 储蓄；保留；积攒  saved up £ 150 for a new bike  为买新自行车存了 150 镑 likes to save plastic bags  喜欢积攒塑料袋 3 tr. (often 常用 refl.)  a  relieve (another person or oneself) from spending (money, time, trouble, etc.) 使(他人或自己)节省，节约，免去(金钱、时间、麻烦事等)  saved myself £ 50  使我节省了 50 镑 a word processor saves time  文字处理机节省时间b  obviate the need or likelihood of 消除，减轻，减少  soaking saves scrubbing  浸透可以减少搓擦 will save me a lot of bother  将减少我许多麻烦 4 tr.  preserve from damnation; convert 佑护；拯救；使皈依  saved her soul  拯救了她的灵魂 5 tr. & refl.  husband or preserve (one's strength, health, etc.) 节省(体力)；保存，保持(健康等)  saving himself for the last lap  为了最后一圈他节省体力 save your energy  保持你的精力 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  save money for future use 储蓄；积蓄 7 tr.  a  avoid losing (a game, match, etc.) 避免输掉(游戏、比赛等)b  prevent an opponent from scoring (a goal etc.) 防止对手(进球)得分c  stop (a ball etc.) from entering the goal 救球 ●n.  1 Football  etc. the act of preventing an opponent's scoring etc. 【足球】扑救，救球(以阻止对方得分等) 2 Bridge  a sacrifice-bid to prevent unnecessary losses. 【桥牌】牺牲性叫牌(以避免不必要的失分) □ save appearances   present a prosperous, respectable, etc. appearance 保全体面；保全面子□ save-as-you-earn  Brit.  a method of saving by regular deduction from earnings at source [英]工资扣存储蓄存款(一发薪即存上一个固定钱数)□ save one's breath   not waste time speaking to no effect 不白费唇舌□ save oneself the trouble (or bother)   avoid useless or pointless effort 不做徒劳的事□ save face   see 见 FACE □ save a person's face   see 见 FACE □ save the situation (or day)   find or provide a solution to difficulty or disaster 挽回局势；渡过难关；化险为夷□ save one's skin (or neck or bacon)   avoid loss, injury, or death; escape from danger 避开损失，避免(遭遇)伤害(或不测)；避开危险□ save the tide   get in and out of port etc. while the tide lasts 趁潮涨时出(或入)港；抓住时机□ savable  adj. (also 亦作 saveable)   [Middle English via Anglo-French sa(u)ver, Old French salver, sauver from Late Latin salvare, from Latin salvus SAFE]

save2 /seiv/ prep. & conj. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗] ●prep.  except; but 除…外  all save him  除他之外都… ●conj. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  unless; but; except 除非；只是；除了…外  happy save for one want  除了一点不足外，…是幸福的 is well save that he has a cold  除了有点感冒，他身体很好 [Middle English via Old French sauf sauve from Latin salvo, salva, ablative sing. of salvus SAFE]

save-all n.  1  a device to prevent waste 节约装置；节省器具 2 hist.  a pan with a spike for burning up candle-ends [史义] (有插烛钉的)烛盘

saveloy /ˈsævəlɔi/ n. Brit.  a seasoned red pork sausage, dried and smoked, and sold ready to eat [英]萨维罗干熏肠 [corruption of French cervelas, -at, from Italian cervellata: cf. CERVELAT]

saver /ˈseivə/ n.  1  a person who saves esp. money 节省者；(尤指)储户 2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a device for economical use (of time etc.) (时间等)节省装置  found the short cut a time-saver  发现这个捷径很节省时间 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a cheap, esp. off-peak fare (尤指非高峰期的)便宜车票 4 Racing slang  a hedging bet 【赛马】[俚语]两面下注

savin /ˈsævin/ n. (also 亦作 savine)  1  a bushy juniper, Juniperus sabina, usu. spreading horizontally, and yielding oil formerly used in the treatment of amenorrhoea 双子柏；新疆圆柏(其油曾用来治疗闭经) 2 US [美]  = RED CEDAR  [Old English from Old French savine, from Latin sabina (herba) ‘Sabine (herb)’]

saving /ˈseiviŋ/ adj., n. & prep. ●adj. (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  making economical use of 节约使用的  labour-saving  节省劳力的 ●n.  1  anything that is saved 节省物 2  an economy 节省措施  a saving in expenses  花费中的节省 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  money saved 储蓄金；存款 ●prep.  1  with the exception of; except 除…外  all saving that one  除了那个之外，全都… 2  without offence to 对…无冒犯  saving your presence  恕我冒昧 [Middle English from SAVE1: the preposition probably from SAVE2 on the pattern of touching]

saving clause n. Law  a clause containing a stipulation of exemption etc. 【法律】但书；保留条款

saving grace n.  1  the redeeming grace of God 上帝拯救灵魂的恩典 2  a redeeming quality or characteristic 可取之处；可资弥补的特点；补偿因素

savings account n.  a deposit account 储蓄账户

savings and loan n. (in the US) a cooperative association which accepts savings at interest and lends money to savers for house or other purchases (美国)储蓄贷款社(按利息办理存款储蓄并贷款给储户以供其作建房或购物之用) also 亦作 attrib.: savings and loan bailout  储蓄贷款紧急援助

savings bank n.  a bank receiving small deposits at interest and returning the profits to the depositors 储蓄银行

savings certificate n. Brit.  an interest-bearing document issued by the Government for the benefit of savers [英] (政府发行的)储蓄存单

saviour /ˈseivjə/ n. (US [美] savior)  1  a person who saves or delivers from danger, harm, etc. 救助者；拯救者；救星  the saviour of the nation  民族的救星 2 (作 Saviour) (prec. by 前接 the, our)  Christ 耶稣基督；救世主 [Middle English via Old French sauvëour and ecclesiastical Latin salvator -oris (translation of Greek sōtēr) from Late Latin salvare SAVE1]

savoir faire /sævwɑ: ˈfɛə/ n.  the ability to act suitably in any situation; tact 适当处事的能力；机变的能力；才干 [French, = know how to do]

savor US var.  of SAVOUR [美] SAVOUR 的变体

savory1 /ˈseiv(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any herb of the genus Satureja, esp. S. hortensis and S. montana, used esp. in cookery 香薄荷(尤用作烹调香料) [Middle English saverey, perhaps via Old English sœtherie from Latin satureia]

savory2 US var.  of SAVOURY [美] SAVOURY 的变体

savour /ˈseivə/ n. & v. (US [美] savor) ●n.  1  a characteristic taste, flavour, relish, etc. 滋味；味道；美味 2  a quality suggestive of or containing a small amount of another 风味 3 archaic  a characteristic smell [古义] (特殊的)气味 ●v.  1 tr.  a  appreciate and enjoy the taste of (food) 品尝；欣赏(食品的滋味)b  enjoy or appreciate (an experience etc.) 品味，享受(经验等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  suggest by taste, smell, etc. 具有…的味道(或气味等)  savours of mushrooms  具有蘑菇的味道b  imply or suggest a specified quality 具有(某种品质)  savours of impertinence  具有粗鲁的品性 □ savourless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin sapor -oris, from sapere ‘to taste’]

savoury /ˈseiv(ə)ri/ adj. & n. (US [美] savory) ●adj.  1 (of food) salty or piquant, not sweet (食品)咸味的，辛辣的，不甜的  a savoury omelette  带咸味的煎蛋卷 2  having an appetizing taste or smell 开胃的 3  pleasant; acceptable 令人愉快的；可接受的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a savoury dish, esp. one served as an appetizer or at the end of dinner [英] (餐前的)开胃菜；(餐后的)助消化菜 □ savourily  adv.  □ savouriness  n.   [Middle English from Old French savouré past part. of savourer (as SAVOUR)]

savoy /səˈvɔi/ n.  a hardy variety of cabbage with wrinkled leaves 皱叶甘蓝 [Savoy, a region in SE France]

Savoyard /səˈvɔiɑ:d, sævɔiˈɑ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Savoy in SE France (法国东南部的)萨瓦人 ●adj.  of or relating to Savoy or its people 萨瓦的；萨瓦人的 [French from Savoie ‘Savoy’]

savvy /ˈsævi/ v., n. & adj. slang [俚语] ●v. intr. & tr. (-ies, -ied)  know 知道；懂 ●n.  knowingness; shrewdness; understanding 见识；敏锐；领悟 ●adj. (savvier, savviest) US  knowing; wise [美]知晓的；明智的 [originally black & Pidgin English imitating Spanish sabe usted ‘you know’]

saw1 /sɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a hand tool having a toothed blade used to cut esp. wood with a to-and-fro movement (手)锯b  any of several mechanical power-driven devices with a toothed rotating disc or moving band, for cutting 锯床 2 Zool.  etc. a serrated organ or part. 【动】锯齿状器官 ●v. (past part. sawn /sɔ:n/ or sawed)  1 tr.  a  cut (wood etc.) with a saw (用锯)锯(木头等)b  make (logs etc.) with a saw (用锯)锯成(原木等) 2 intr.  use a saw 使用锯，拉锯 3  a intr.  move to and fro with a motion as of a saw or person sawing (拉锯般地)来回运动  sawing away on his violin  不停地拉他的小提琴b tr.  divide (the air etc.) with gesticulations 挥舞手臂 □ sawlike  adj.   [Old English saga, from Germanic]

saw2 past  of SEE1  

saw3 /sɔ:/ n.  a proverb; a maxim 谚语；格言  that's just an old saw  那只是句古话 [Old English sagu from Germanic: related to SAY, SAGA]

sawbench /ˈsɔ:ben(t)ʃ/ n.  a circular saw with a bench to support the material and advance it to the saw 锯床台

sawbill /ˈsɔ:bil/ n.  a merganser 秋沙鸭

sawbones /ˈsɔ:bəʊnz/ n. slang  a doctor or surgeon [俚语]医生；外科医生

sawbuck /ˈsɔ:bʌk/ n. US [美]  1  a sawhorse 锯木架 2 slang  a $10 note [俚语] 10 美元钞票

saw-doctor n.  a machine for giving a saw a serrated edge 磨锯齿机；挫锯齿机

sawdust /ˈsɔ:dʌst/ n.  powdery particles of wood produced in sawing 锯末；锯屑

saw-edged adj.  with a jagged edge like a saw 锯齿状的

sawed-off US var.  of SAWN-OFF [美] SAWN-OFF 的变体

sawfish /ˈsɔ:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any large marine fish of the family Pristidae, with a toothed flat snout used as a weapon 锯鳐(鼻子扁平呈锯齿状，可用作武器)

sawfly /ˈsɔ:flai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any insect of the superfamily Tenthredinoidea, with a serrated ovipositor, the larvae of which are injurious to plants 锯蝇(产卵管呈锯齿状，其幼虫对植物有害)

saw frame n.  a frame in which a saw blade is held taut 锯框

saw-gate n.  = SAW FRAME 

saw-gin n. Brit. [英]  = COTTON GIN 

sawgrass /ˈsɔ:ɡrɑ:s/ n. esp. US  a sedge of the genus Cladium, with sharp-edged leaves [尤美]锯齿草；克拉莎草

sawhorse /ˈsɔ:hɔ:s/ n.  a rack supporting wood for sawing 锯木架

sawmill /ˈsɔ:mil/ n.  a factory in which wood is sawn mechanically into planks or boards 锯木厂

sawn past part.  of SAW1  

sawn-off adj. (US [美] sawed-off)  1 (of a gun) having a specially shortened barrel to make handling easier and to give a wider field of fire (枪)枪管锯短的(以便于使用，也可使射域更宽) 2 colloq. (of a person) short [口] (人)矮小的

saw-pit n.  a pit in which the lower of two men working a pit-saw stands 锯木坑(两人竖拉大锯时下方锯手站立的坑)

saw-set n.  a tool for wrenching saw-teeth in alternate directions to allow the saw to work freely 锯齿修整器

sawtooth /ˈsɔ:tu:θ/ adj.  1 (also 亦作 sawtoothed /-tu:θt/) (esp. of a roof, wave, etc.) shaped like the teeth of a saw with one steep and one slanting side (尤指房顶，波浪等)有锯齿的；锯齿状的 2 (of a waveform) showing a slow linear rise and rapid linear fall (波形)锯齿波的

saw-wort n.  a plant of the daisy family, Serratula tinctoria, yielding a yellow dye from its serrated leaves 染色麻花头(雏菊的一种，叶片呈锯齿状，可从中提取黄色染料)

sawyer /ˈsɔ:jə/ n.  1  a person who saws timber professionally 锯工；锯木者 2 US  an uprooted tree held fast by one end in a river [美]根已拔出但羁绊于河中的树 3 NZ  a large wingless horned grasshopper whose larvae bore in wood [新]显赫天牛(其幼虫寄生在树木中) [Middle English, earlier sawer, from SAW1]

sax1 /sæks/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a saxophone 萨克斯管 2  a saxophone-player 萨克斯管吹奏者 □ saxist  n.   [abbreviation]

sax2 /sæks/ n. (also 亦作 zax /zæks/)  a slater's chopper, with a point for making nail holes (石板瓦工用的)凿刀 [Old English seax ‘knife’, from Germanic]

saxatile /ˈsæksətail, -til/ adj.  living or growing on or among rocks 岩生的；岩栖的 [French saxatile or Latin saxatilis, from saxum ‘rock’]

saxboard /ˈsæksbɔ:d/ n.  the uppermost strake of an open boat (无甲板船的)最高一列舷板 [probably from SAX2 + BOARD: cf. Old Norse use of sax = gunwale near the prow]

saxe /sæks/ n. & adj.  = SAXE BLUE  [French, = Saxony, the source of a dye of this colour]

saxe blue n. & adj. ●n.  a lightish blue colour with a greyish tinge 萨克森蓝；灰光浅蓝 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 萨克森蓝的；灰光浅蓝的

saxhorn /ˈsækshɔ:n/ n.  any of a series of different-sized brass wind instruments with valves and a funnel-shaped mouthpiece, used mainly in military and brass bands 萨克斯号(一种带栓塞，装有杯形吹嘴的铜管乐器，主要用于军乐队和铜管乐队) [Sax, name of its Belgian inventors, + HORN]

saxicoline /sækˈsik(ə)lain/ adj. (also 亦作 saxicolous) Biol. 【生】  = SAXATILE  [modern Latin saxicolus, from saxum ‘rock’ + colere ‘inhabit’]

saxifrage /ˈsæksifreidʒ/ n.  any plant of the genus Saxifraga, growing on rocky or stony ground and usu. bearing small white, yellow, or red flowers 虎耳草(生长在岩石或石地上，通常开白色、黄色或红色小花) [Middle English from Old French saxifrage or Late Latin saxifraga (herba), from Latin saxum ‘rock’ + frangere ‘break’]

Saxon /ˈsæks(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist. [史义]  a  a member of a Germanic people that conquered parts of England in 5th － 6th c. 撒克逊人(日耳曼民族的一支，公元 5 至 6 世纪时征服了英国若干地区)b (usu. 通常用 Old Saxon)  the language of the Saxons 撒克逊语 2  = ANGLO-SAXON  3  a native of modern Saxony in Germany (德国现代的)萨克森人 4  the Germanic (as opposed to Latin or Romance) elements of English (英语中与拉丁语或罗曼语成分相对的)日耳曼语成分 ●adj.  1 hist.  of or concerning the Saxons [史义]撒克逊人的 2  belonging to or originating from the Saxon language or Old English 撒克逊语的；古英语的 3  of or concerning modern Saxony or Saxons (现代)萨克森人的；撒克逊人的 □ Saxondom  n.  □ Saxonism  n.  □ Saxonist  n.  □ Saxonize  /-naiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin Saxo onis from Greek Saxones (pl.), from West Germanic: related to Old English Seaxan, Seaxe (pl.)]

Saxon architecture n.  the form of Romanesque architecture preceding the Norman in England (诺曼式建筑传入英格兰之前的)撒克逊式建筑

Saxon blue n.  a solution of indigo in sulphuric acid as a dye 萨克森蓝(溶于浓硫酸的靛蓝染料)

saxony /ˈsæks(ə)ni/ n.  1  a fine kind of wool 一种优质羊毛 2  cloth made from this (用这种羊毛织成的)呢绒 [Saxony, a region in Germany, from Late Latin Saxonia (as SAXON)]

saxophone /ˈsæksəfəʊn/ n.  1  a metal woodwind reed instrument in several sizes and registers, used esp. in jazz and dance music (尤指用于吹奏爵士乐和舞曲的)萨克斯管 2  a saxophone-player 萨克斯管吹奏者 □ saxophonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  □ saxophonist  /-ˈsɒf(ə)nist, -səfəʊnist/ n.   [Sax (as SAXHORN) + -PHONE]

say /sei/ v. & n. ●v. (3rd sing. present says /sez/; past and past part. said /sed/)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  utter (specified words) in a speaking voice; remark 说；讲  said ‘Damn!’  说了一声“见鬼！” said that he was satisfied  …说他很满意b  put into words; express 表达  that was well said  那件事表达得很好 cannot say what I feel  无法表达出我的感想 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  a  state; promise or prophesy 表述；允诺，预言  says that there will be war  预言将会爆发战争b  have specified wording; indicate 表明；指明  says here that he was killed  这里表明他已被杀 the clock says ten to six  钟显示差 10 分 6 点 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  be asserted or described 宣称为；描述为  is said to be 93 years old  据说…已经 93 岁了 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  tell a person to do something [口]告诉(某人)去做(某事)  he said to bring the car  他让把车开来 5 tr.  convey (information) 传达(信息)  spoke for an hour but said little  讲了一小时但几乎没有说出什么来 6 tr.  put forward as an argument or excuse (作为理据或借口)提出  much to be said in favour of it  就这事还有不少的好话要说 what have you to say for yourself?  你还有什么要为自己说的？ 7 tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  form and give an opinion or decision as to 确定；确切地说  who did it I cannot say  我无法确定是谁做的那件事 do say which you prefer  请一定确切说出您喜欢哪一个 8 tr.  select, assume, or take as an example or (a specified number etc.) as near enough 例如；约莫；估计  shall we say this one?  选这个怎么样？ paid, say, £ 20  大概付了 20 英镑 9 tr.  a  speak the words of (prayers, Mass, a grace, etc.) 念(祈祷、弥撒、天恩等)b  repeat (a lesson etc.); recite 背诵，复述(一课书等)  can't say his tables  他背不出乘法表 10 tr. Art  etc. convey (inner meaning or intention) 【艺术】表达(内在内容或思想)  what is the director saying in this film?  导演在这部电影中想表达什么？ 11 intr.  a  speak; talk 说；说话；谈话b (in imper. 用于祈使句) poet.  tell me [诗]告诉我  what is your name, say!  你叫什么名字？告诉我！ 12 tr. (as 作 the said adj.) Law or joc.  the previously mentioned 【法律】[诙]上述的；上面提到的  the said witness  上面提到的目击证人 13 intr. (as 作 int.) N. Amer.  an exclamation of surprise, to attract attention, etc. [北美]惊叹语(用以引起注意) ●n.  1  a  an opportunity for stating one's opinion etc. 表达见解的机会  let him have his say  让他说b  a stated opinion 已表述出的见解 2  a share in a decision etc. (决策或决定的)发言权  had no say in the matter  在这件事上没有发言权 □ how say you?  Law  how do you find? (addressed to the jury requesting its verdict) 【法律】诸位意见如何？(向陪审团询问其裁决)□ I etc. cannot (or could not) say   I etc. do not know 我(或其他人)不知道□ I'll say  colloq.  yes indeed [口]的确；确实□ I say!  Brit.  an exclamation expressing surprise, drawing attention, etc. [英]我说，听着(表示惊异的叹词以引起注意等)□ it is said   the rumour is that 据说；据传□ not to say   and indeed; or possibly even 确实；甚至可以说  his language was rude not to say offensive  他言语粗鲁，甚至可以说是冒犯□ said he (or I etc.)  esp. Brit. colloq. or poet.  he etc. said [尤英口] [诗]他(或我等)说□ say for oneself   say by way of conversation, oratory, etc. 为自己辩护(或找借口等)□ say much (or something) for   indicate the high quality of 表明(质量极好)□ say no   refuse or disagree 拒绝，不同意□ say out   express fully or candidly 完全(或直率地)表达出来□ says I (or he etc.)  esp. Brit. colloq.  I, he, etc., said (used in reporting conversation) [尤英口] (用于转述对话)我(或他等)是这么说的□ say something   make a short speech 简单说说，做个简短的发言□ says you!  colloq.  I disagree [口]我不同意；去你的□ say when  colloq.  indicate when enough drink or food has been given [口] (用于饮料和食物已经给足时)□ say the word   1  indicate that you agree or give permission (用于表示你同意或准许) 2  give the order etc. (用于下命令或吩咐等)□ say yes   agree 同意□ that is to say   1  in other words, more explicitly 也就是说；更明确些说 2  or at least 至少□ they say   it is rumoured 据传；据说□ to say nothing of   = not to mention (see 见 MENTION) □ what do (or would) you say to ...?   would you like ...? 你觉得…怎么样？□ when all is said and done   after all, in the long run 说到底；毕竟；归根结底□ you can say that again! (or you said it!)  colloq.  I agree emphatically [口]我非常赞同(同意)□ you don't say so  colloq.  an expression of amazement or disbelief [口] (表示惊异或不敢相信)不至于吧！不会这样吧！ □ sayable  adj.  □ sayer  n.   [Old English secgan, from Germanic]

SAYE abbr. Brit.  save-as-you-earn [缩略] [英]工资扣存储蓄存款

saying /ˈseiiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of saying 说话；言语 2  a maxim, proverb, adage, etc. 格言；谚语；警句 □ as the saying goes (or is)   an expression used in introducing a proverb, cliché, etc. 俗话说；常言道□ go without saying   be too well known or obvious to need mention 无须说；不必说；很显然□ there is no saying   it is impossible to know 很难说；无法知晓

say-so n.  1  the power of decision 决定权 2  mere assertion 随便说说的话；无根据的断言  cannot proceed merely on his say-so  他随便说的话不足为据

Sb symb. Chem.  the element antimony [符]【化】(化学元素)锑 [Latin stibium]

S-bend n.  an S-shaped bend in a road, pipe, etc.S 形弯道(或管道等)

SBN abbr.  Standard Book Number (cf. 参见 ISBN) [缩略]标准书号

S. by E. abbr.  South by East [缩略]南偏东

S. by W. abbr.  South by West [缩略]南偏西

SC abbr. [缩略]  1 US  South Carolina (also in official postal use) [美] (亦正式邮政用语)南卡罗来纳州 2  special constable 特种警察

Sc symb. Chem.  the element scandium [符]【化】(化学元素)钪

s.c. abbr. Printing  small capitals [缩略]【印刷】小号大写字母，小大写

sc. abbr.  scilicet; to wit, that is to say, namely [缩略]也就是说；即  he asserted that he had met him (sc. the defendant) on that evening  他称他在那个晚上碰见了他(即被告)

scab /skæb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dry rough protective crust over a cut, sore, etc., formed in healing (创伤、疮等结的)痂 2 (often 常作 attrib.) colloq. derog.  a person who refuses to strike or join a trade union, or who tries to break a strike by working; a blackleg [口] [贬]工贼(不愿参加罢工的人；不愿参加工会的人；罢工时上班的人；破坏罢工的人) 3  the mange or a similar skin disease esp. in animals (尤指动物的)疥癣 4  a fungous plant disease causing scablike roughness (植物的)疮痂病 5  a dislikeable person 坏蛋；无赖 ●v. intr. (scabbed, scabbing)  1  act as a scab 破坏罢工；当工贼 2 (of a wound etc.) form a scab; heal over (伤口等)结痂 □ scabbed  adj.  □ scabby  adj. (scabbier, scabbiest)  □ scabbiness  n.  □ scablike  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse skabb, related to Old English sceabb]

scabbard /ˈskæbəd/ n.  1  a sheath for a sword, bayonet, etc. (剑、匕首、刺刀等的)鞘 2 US  a sheath for a revolver etc. [美] (手枪等的)枪套 [Middle English sca(u)berc etc. from Anglo-French, probably from Frankish]

scabbard-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  an elongated marine fish of the family Trichiuridae, esp. the edible silvery-white Lepidopus caudatus 带鱼(尤指叉尾带鱼或细尾带鱼)

scabies /ˈskeibi:z/ n.  a contagious skin disease with severe itching and red papules, caused by the itch mite 疥疮；疥癣(一种由螨虫导致的传染性皮肤病，奇痒并红肿) [Middle English from Latin, from scabere ‘to scratch’]

scabious /ˈskeibiəs/ n. & adj. ●n.  any plant of the genus Scabiosa, Knautia, etc., with pink, white, or esp. blue pincushion-shaped flowers 飞蓬(开粉红或白色花朵，尤指开蓝色针垫状花朵的品种) ●adj.  affected with mange; scabby 生疥疮的；患疥癣的 [Middle English from medieval Latin scabiosa (herba) formerly regarded as a cure for skin disease: see SCABIES]

scabrous /ˈskeibrəs, ˈskæbrəs/ adj.  1  having a rough surface; bearing short stiff hairs, scales, etc.; scurfy 表面粗糙的；(毛、发、鳞等)短硬的；多皮屑的 2 (of a subject, situation, etc.) requiring tactful treatment; hard to handle with decency (问题、局势等)棘手的；难办的 3  a  indecent, salacious 粗俗的；淫秽的b  behaving licentiously 举止放荡的，行为不检点的 □ scabrously  adv.  □ scabrousness  n.   [French scabreux or Late Latin scabrosus, from Latin scaber ‘rough’]■Usage 用法说明 Note that scabrous does not mean ‘scathing’, ‘scurrilous’, or ‘abusive’. 注意 scabrous 的含义与 ‘scathing’ 、 ‘scurrilous’ 或 ‘abusive’ 不同。 

scad /skæd/ n.  any fish of the family Carangidae native to tropical and subtropical seas, usu. having an elongated body and very large spiky scales, esp. the horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus 鲹鱼(产于热带或亚热带海洋，体长、鳞片大而尖；尤指马鲭) [17th c.: origin unknown]

scads /skædz/ n. pl. US colloq.  large quantities [美口]大量；许多 [19th c.: origin unknown]

scaffold /ˈskæfəʊld, -f(ə)ld/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hist.  a raised wooden platform used for the execution of criminals [史义]断头台；绞刑台b  a similar platform used for drying tobacco etc. 晒烟台 2  = SCAFFOLDING 1a  3 (prec. by 前接 the)  death by execution 斩首；绞刑；死刑 ●v. tr.  attach scaffolding to (a building) (为建筑物)搭脚手架 □ scaffolder  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French (e)schaffaut, earlier escadafaut: cf. CATAFALQUE]

scaffolding /ˈskæfəʊldiŋ, -f(ə)ld-/ n.  1  a  a temporary structure formed of poles, planks, etc., erected by workmen and used by them while building or repairing a house etc. (建房或修房等时搭建的)脚手架b  materials used for this 搭脚手架的材料 2  a temporary conceptual framework used for constructing theories etc. (用于构建理论等的)临时概念框架；论据

scag var.  of SKAG  SKAG 的变体

scagliola /skælˈjəʊlə/ n.  imitation stone or plaster mixed with glue 仿云石 [Italian scagliuola, diminutive of scaglia SCALE1]

scalable /ˈskeiləb(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being scaled or climbed 可攀登的 2 Computing  able to be used or produced at different ranges of size, capability, etc. 【计算】(尺寸、功能等)可变的 □ scalability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

scalar /ˈskeilə/ adj. & n. Math. & Physics 【数】【物理学】  ●adj. (of a quantity) having only magnitude, not direction (指量)纯量的；无向量的 ●n.  a scalar quantity (cf. 参见 VECTOR n. 1) 标量，无向量 [Latin scalaris from scala ‘ladder’; see SCALE3]

scalawag var.  of SCALLYWAG  SCALLYWAG 的变体

scald1 /skɔ:ld/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  burn (the skin etc.) with hot liquid or steam (用沸水或蒸汽)烫伤(皮肤等) 2  heat (esp. milk) to near boiling point 煮熟(牛奶等) 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  clean (a pan etc.) by rinsing with boiling water (用沸水)烫洗(锅、盘等) 4  treat (poultry etc.) with boiling water to remove feathers etc. (用沸水)烫煺(家禽的毛等) 5 (as 作 scalding adj.)  produce an effect or sensation like that of scalding 滚烫的；辛辣的  scalding tears  热泪 scalding truths  无情的真相 ●n.  1  a burn etc. caused by scalding 烫伤 2  a disease of fruit marked by browning etc., caused esp. by air pollution etc. (尤指空气污染等造成的水果)灼枯病 □ like a scalded cat   moving unusually fast 移动异常迅速 [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old Norman French escalder, Old French eschalder from Late Latin excaldare (as EX-1, Latin calidus ‘hot’)]

scald2 var.  of SKALD  SKALD 的变体

scale1 /skeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the small thin bony or horny overlapping plates protecting the skin of fish and reptiles 鳞；鳞片 2  something resembling a fish scale, esp. 鳞状物(尤指):a  a pod or husk 鳞苞；果壳b  a flake of skin; a scab (皮肤上的)鳞屑；痂c  a rudimentary leaf, feather, or bract 苞叶；绒羽d  each of the structures covering the wings of butterflies and moths (蝴蝶或蛾的)翅瓣e Bot.  a layer of a bulb 【植】鳞茎的一层 3  a  a flake formed on the surface of rusty iron 铁鳞b  a thick white deposit formed in a kettle, boiler, etc. by the action of heat on water (锅炉、水壶等的)水垢；水锈 4  plaque formed on teeth 牙垢 ●v.  1 tr.  remove scale or scales from (fish, nuts, iron, etc.) 刮鱼鳞；去果壳；刮去(铁等)的氧化皮 2 tr.  remove plaque from (teeth) by scraping 剔牙垢 3 intr.  a (of skin, metal, etc.) form, come off in, or drop, scales (皮肤)长皮屑；(金属等)生锈皮b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off) (of scales) come off (鳞片)脱落，剥落 □ scales fall from a person's eyes   a person is no longer deceived (cf. 参见 Acts 9:18) (《使徒行传》 9:18) 障眼物从眼睛里掉出来；某人不再受骗□ scaled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ scaleless  /ˈskeillis/ adj.  □ scaler  n.   [Middle English via Old French escale from Germanic: related to SCALE2]

scale2 /skeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (often in pl. 常用复数)  a weighing machine or device 天平；秤；磅秤  bathroom scales  浴室磅秤b (also 亦作 scale-pan)  each of the dishes on a simple scale balance 天平盘 2 (作 the Scales)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Libra 天秤星座 ●v. tr. (of something weighed) show (a specified weight) in the scales 称重量 □ throw into the scale   cause to be a factor in a contest, debate, etc. 使成为(竞赛或辩论等中)的重要因素□ tip (or turn) the scales   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  outweigh the opposite scale-pan (at a specified weight); weigh 重于(确定在某一重量的)天平盘；称重 2 (of a motive, circumstance, etc.) be decisive (动机、情况等)决定性的 [Middle English via Old Norse skɑˊl ‘bowl’ from Germanic]

scale3 /skeil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a series of degrees; a graded classification system 等级；级别  pay fees according to a prescribed scale  按照规定的标准付费 high on the social scale  社会地位高 seven points on the Richter scale  里氏震级 7 级 2  a (often 常作 attrib.) Geog. & Archit.  a ratio of size in a map, model, picture, etc. 【地理】【建】(地图、模型、图片等的)比例；比率  on a scale of one centimetre to the kilometre  按 1 厘米表示 1 公里的比例 a scale model  比例模型b  relative dimensions or degree 规模，程度  generosity on a grand scale  极为慷慨大方 3 Mus.  an arrangement of the notes in any system of music in ascending or descending order of pitch 【音】音阶  chromatic scale  半音音阶 major scale  大音阶 4  a  a set of marks on a line used in measuring, reducing, enlarging, etc. (测量等用的)标度，刻度b  a rule determining the distances between these 测量尺度c  a piece of metal, apparatus, etc. on which these are marked 标有刻度的金属尺(或仪器等) 5 (in full 全称 scale of notation) Math.  the ratio between units in a numerical system 【数】进位制  decimal scale  十进位制 ●v.  1 tr.  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  climb (a wall, height, etc.) esp. with a ladder (尤指用梯子)攀登b  climb (the social scale, heights of ambition, etc.) (社会地位或个人抱负等)向上爬；往上爬 2 tr.  represent in proportional dimensions; reduce to a common scale 按比例绘制；缩小为一般比例 3 intr. (of quantities etc.) have a common scale; be commensurable (数量等)比例适中的；比例相称的 □ in scale  (of drawing etc.) in proportion to the surroundings etc. (绘画等)与(周围环境等)成比例□ play (or sing) scales  Mus.  perform the notes of a scale as an exercise for the fingers or voice 【音】(演奏乐器)练指法；(唱歌)练声；吊嗓子□ scale down   make smaller in proportion; reduce in size 按比例缩减；缩小尺寸□ scale up   make larger in proportion; increase in size 按比例放大；加大尺寸□ to scale   with a uniform reduction or enlargement 按比例(缩小或放大)□ scaler  n.   [the noun Middle English, in the sense ‘ladder’, from Latin scala: the verb Middle English via Old French escaler or medieval Latin scalare from Latin scala ‘ladder, staircase’, related to scandere ‘climb’]

scale armour n. hist.  armour formed of metal scales attached to leather etc. [史义]鳞甲；铠甲

scale-board n.  very thin wood used for the back of a mirror, picture, etc. (镜子、画框等的)底板，背板

scale-bug n.  = SCALE INSECT 

scale-fern n.  any of various spleenworts, esp. Asplenium ceterach 鳞蕨

scale insect n.  a homopterous bug of the family Coccidae, clinging to plants and secreting a shieldlike scale as covering 介壳虫；蚧(依附在植物上，分泌一种盾状壳作为遮盖物)

scale-leaf n.  a modified leaf resembling a scale 鳞叶

scale-moss n.  a type of liverwort with scalelike leaves 鳞叶地钱，叶苔

scalene /ˈskeili:n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of a triangle) having sides unequal in length (尤指三角形)不等边的 ●n.  1 (in full 全称 scalene muscle)  = SCALENUS  2  a scalene triangle 不等边三角形 [Late Latin scalenus from Greek skalēnos ‘unequal’, related to skolios ‘bent’]

scalene cone n. (also 亦作 scalene cylinder)  a cone (or cylinder) with the axis not perpendicular to the base 斜锥面

scalenus /skəˈli:nəs/ n. (pl. scaleni /-nai/)  any of several muscles extending from the neck to the first and second ribs 斜角肌(指从颈部至第一和第二根肋骨处的肌肉) [modern Latin: see SCALENE]

scale of notation  see 见 SCALE3 n. 5 

scale-winged adj.  lepidopterous (昆虫)鳞翅目的

scale work n.  work, ornament, etc., consisting of an overlapping arrangement (细工装饰等的)鳞状排列

scaling-ladder n. hist.  a ladder used to climb esp. fortress walls, esp. to break a siege [史义] (尤指攻城用的)云梯

scallawag var.  of SCALLYWAG  SCALLYWAG 的变体

scallion /ˈskæliən/ n.  a shallot or spring onion; any long-necked onion with a small bulb 亚实基隆葱；韭葱 [Middle English from Anglo-French scal(o)un = Old French escalo(i)gne, ultimately from Latin Ascalonia (caepa) ‘(onion) of Ascalon ’, a port in ancient Palestine]

scallop /ˈskɒləp, ˈskæləp/ n. & v. (also 亦作 scollop /ˈskɒl-/) ●n.  1  any of various bivalve molluscs of the family Pectinidae, esp. of the genus Chlamys or Pecten, used as food 扇贝(尤指海扇或干贝) 2 (in full 全称 scallop shell)  a  a single valve from the shell of a scallop, with grooves and ridges radiating from the middle of the hinge and edged with small rounded lobes, often used for cooking or serving food 海扇壳的一扇(通常用于烹饪或装食物)b hist.  a representation of this shell worn as a pilgrim's badge [史义] (作为朝圣者标志的)扇贝壳 3 (in pl. 用复数)  an ornamental edging cut in material in imitation of the edge of a scallop shell 山形边；扇(贝)形边；月牙边 4  a small pan or dish shaped like a scallop shell and used for baking or serving food (烘焙食物的)扇贝壳状平锅；(盛放食物的)扇贝形盘碟 5  = ESCALOPE  ●v. tr. (scalloped, scalloping)  1  a  ornament (an edge or material) with scallops or scalloping 在… (边上或材料上)装扇形边的装饰b  cut or shape in the form of a scallop 切成扇形，做成扇形 2  cook in a scallop 在扇贝壳状平锅上煎煮(食物) □ scalloper  n.  □ scalloping  n. (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3)   [Middle English from Old French escalope, probably from Germanic]

scallywag /ˈskæliwæɡ/ n. (also 亦作 scalawag, scallawag /ˈskælə-/)  a scamp; a rascal 无赖；流氓；恶棍 [19th-c. US slang: origin unknown]

scalp /skælp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the skin covering the top of the head, with the hair etc. attached 头皮 2  a hist.  the scalp of an enemy cut or torn away as a trophy by an American Indian [史义] (美洲印第安人从已杀死的敌人头上剥下作为战利品的)头皮b  a trophy or symbol of triumph, conquest, etc. 战利品；胜利(或征服等)的象征 3 Sc.  a bare rock projecting above water etc. [苏格兰] (露出水面等的)秃岩；秃山顶 ●v. tr.  1 hist.  take the scalp of (an enemy) [史义]剥下(敌人的)头皮 2  criticize savagely 猛烈抨击 3 US  defeat; humiliate [美]击败；羞辱 4 N. Amer. colloq.  resell (shares, tickets, etc.) at a high or quick profit [北美口]倒卖(股票、戏票等)以获暴利(或迅速获利) □ scalpless  adj.   [Middle English, probably of Scandinavian origin]

scalpel /ˈskælp(ə)l/ n.  a surgeon's small sharp knife shaped for holding like a pen 解剖刀，手术刀 [French scalpel or Latin scalpellum, diminutive of scalprum ‘chisel’, from scalpere ‘scratch’]

scalper /ˈskælpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that scalps (esp. in sense 4 of SCALP v. 尤用于 SCALP 的动词释义 4) 转手倒卖者 2 (also 亦作 scauper, scorper /ˈskɔ:pə/)  an engraver's tool for hollowing out woodcut or linocut designs 雕刻刀 [SCALP + -ER1: sense 2 also from Latin scalper ‘cutting tool’, from scalpere ‘carve’]

scaly /ˈskeili/ adj. (scalier, scaliest)  covered in or having many scales or flakes 有鳞的；多鳞的 □ scaliness  n.  

scam /skæm/ n. & v. ●n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a trick or swindle; a fraud 诡计；欺诈；诓骗 2  a story or rumour 故事；谣言 ●v. (scammed, scamming)  1 intr.  commit fraud 诈骗 2 tr.  swindle 欺诈 □ scammer  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

scammony /ˈskæməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  an Asian plant, Convolvulus scammonia, bearing white or pink flowers, the dried roots of which are used as a purgative 药旋花(产于亚洲，开白色或粉红色花朵，其干根用作泻药) [Middle English via Old French scamonee, escamonie or Latin scammonia from Greek skammōnia]

scamp1 /skæmp/ n. colloq.  a rascal; a rogue [口]流氓；恶棍 □ scampish  adj.  流氓(似)的；无赖(似)的 [scamp ‘rob on highway’, probably via Middle Dutch schampen ‘decamp’ from Old French esc(h)amper (as EX-1, Latin campus ‘field’)]

scamp2 /skæmp/ v. tr.  do (work etc.) in a perfunctory or inadequate way 潦草从事 [perhaps formed as SCAMP1: cf. SKIMP]

scamper /ˈskæmpə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, through)  run and skip impulsively or playfully 疾跑；奔跑；急跳 ●n.  the act or an instance of scampering 疾跑；奔跑；急跳 [earlier = run away, decamp: probably as SCAMP1]

scampi /ˈskæmpi/ n. pl.  1  Norway lobsters 挪威海螯虾 2 (often treated as sing. 常看作单数)  a dish of these, usu. fried 炸挪威海螯虾 [Italian]

scan /skæn/ v. & n. ●v. (scanned, scanning)  1 tr.  look at intently or quickly 审视；浏览  scanned the horizon  凝望地平线 scanned the speech for errors  浏览发言稿看有无错误 2 intr. (of a verse etc.) be metrically correct; be capable of being recited etc. metrically (诗等)符合格律；韵节合拍  this line doesn't scan  这行诗句不合韵律 3 tr.  a  examine all parts of (a surface etc.) to detect radioactivity etc. 检查(表面等)以探出(放射等)b  cause (a particular region) to be traversed by a radar etc. beam (用雷达光束等)扫描 4 tr.  resolve (a picture) into its elements of light and shade in a pre-arranged pattern for the purposes esp. of television transmission (尤指为电视发射)扫描；扫掠 5 tr.  test the metre of (a line of verse etc.) by reading with the emphasis on its rhythm, or by examining the number of feet etc. 分析(诗的)韵律 6 tr.  a  make a scan of (the body or part of it) 扫描检查(身体或身体部位)b  examine (a patient etc.) with a scanner (用扫描仪器)检查(患者等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of scanning 细审；浏览；扫描 2  an image obtained by scanning or with a scanner (用扫描方法或扫描仪器得到的)扫描图像 □ scannable  adj.   [Middle English from Latin scandere ‘climb’: in Late Latin = scan (verses), with allusion to the raising of one's foot in marking rhythm]

scandal /ˈskænd(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a thing or a person causing general public outrage or indignation 丑事；丑闻，丑行；干出丑事的人b  the outrage etc. so caused, esp. as a subject of common talk (尤指对遭众人非议之事所产生的)反感；愤慨c  malicious gossip or backbiting 恶意诽谤；背后诋毁 2 Law  a public affront, esp. an irrelevant abusive statement in court 【法律】公然侮辱，(尤指法庭上与案件无关的)谩骂性陈述 □ scandalous  adj.  □ scandalously  adv.  □ scandalousness  n.   [earlier = an obstacle to faith, discredit to religion from the bad behaviour of a religious person: Middle English via Old French scandale and ecclesiastical Latin scandalum from Greek skandalon ‘snare, stumbling block’]

scandalize /ˈskænd(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  offend the moral feelings, sensibilities, etc. of; shock 冒犯…道德情感；使…愤慨；使…震惊 [Middle English in the sense ‘make a scandal of’, via French scandaliser or ecclesiastical Latin scandaliso from Greek skandalizō (as SCANDAL)]

scandalmonger /ˈskænd(ə)lmʌŋɡə/ n.  a person who spreads malicious scandal 传播诽谤(或诋毁)之词的人

scandal sheet n. derog.  a newspaper etc. giving prominence to esp. malicious gossip [贬] (尤指爱刊登小道消息的)报刊(或杂志等)

Scandinavian /skændiˈneiviən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native or inhabitant of Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland) 斯堪的纳维亚人(指居住在丹麦、挪威、瑞典和冰岛的人)b  a person of Scandinavian descent 斯堪的纳维亚人的后裔 2  the family of languages of Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚语族 ●adj.  of or relating to Scandinavia or its people or languages 斯堪的纳维亚的；斯堪的纳维亚人的；斯堪的纳维亚语的 [Latin Scandinavia]

scandium /ˈskændiəm/ n. Chem.  a rare soft silver-white metallic element occurring naturally in lanthanide ores (symbol 符 Sc) 【化】(化学元素)钪 [modern Latin from Scandia, contraction of Scandinavia (source of the minerals containing it)]

scannable  see 见 SCAN 

scanner /ˈskænə/ n.  1  a device for scanning, systematically examining, reading, or monitoring something 扫描仪 2  a machine for measuring the intensity of radiation, ultrasound reflections, etc., from the body as a diagnostic aid (帮助诊断)测量体内放射强度(或超声反应等)的仪器 3  a person who scans or examines critically (批评性的)审视者 4  a person who scans verse (诗的)韵律分析者

scanning electron microscope n.  an electron microscope in which the surface of a specimen is scanned by a beam of electrons which are reflected to form an image (abbr. 缩略 : SEM) 扫描电子显微镜(用电子光束对物体进行扫描)

scansion /ˈskænʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the metrical scanning of verse (诗的)韵律分析 2  the way a verse etc. scans (诗等)符合韵律 [Latin scansio from scandere scans- ‘climb’: cf. SCAN]

scant /skænt/ adj. & v. ●adj.  barely sufficient; deficient 不足的；贫乏的  with scant regard for the truth  无关事实 scant of breath  上气不接下气 ●v. tr. archaic  provide (a supply, material, a person, etc.) grudgingly; skimp; stint [古义]克扣(供应、物品等)；不足量地供应(某人) □ scantly  adv.  □ scantness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse skamt, neut. of skammr ‘short’]

scantling /ˈskæntliŋ/ n.  1  a  a timber beam of small cross-section (用作椽的)小梁b  a size to which a stone or timber is to be cut 建筑材料(如石头或木材)的尺寸 2  a set of standard dimensions for parts of a structure, esp. in shipbuilding (尤指造船中的)构件尺寸 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) archaic [古义]  a  a specimen or sample 标本，样品b  one's necessary supply; a modicum or small amount 必需的供应量；少量 [alteration suggested by -LING1 from obsolete scantlon, from Old French escantillon ‘sample’]

scanty /ˈskænti/ adj. (scantier, scantiest)  1  of small extent or amount 小的，少的 2  meagre; barely sufficient 缺乏的；不足的 □ scantily  adv.  □ scantiness  n.   [obsolete scant ‘scanty supply’ from Old Norse skamt neut. adj.: see SCANT]

scape /skeip/ n.  1  a long flower stalk coming directly from the root 根生花梗；花茎 2  the base of an insect's antenna (昆虫的)羽轴，触角根 [Latin scapus from Greek skapos, related to SCEPTRE]

-scape /skeip/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting a view or a representation of a view (moonscape 月球景色 ; seascape 海景) [构词成分]构成名词，表示“景色” [on the pattern of LANDSCAPE]

scapegoat /ˈskeipɡəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person bearing the blame for the sins, shortcomings, etc. of others, esp. as an expedient 替罪羊，(尤指作为权宜之计)代人受过者 2 Bibl.  a goat sent into the wilderness after the Jewish chief priest had symbolically laid the sins of the people upon it (Lev. 16) 【圣经】替罪羊(古犹太祭司象征性地把人的罪过归在羊身上，然后将羊放逐荒野(《圣经·利未记》，第 16 章)) ●v. tr.  make a scapegoat of 使成为…的替罪羊 □ scapegoater  n.   [scape (archaic, = escape) + GOAT, = the goat that escapes]

scapegrace /ˈskeipɡreis/ n.  a rascal; a scamp, esp. a young person or child 恶棍；无赖；(尤指)顽童，淘气鬼 [literally, a person who escapes the grace of God: from scape (as SCAPEGOAT) + GRACE]

scaphoid /ˈskæfɔid/ adj. & n. Anat. 【解】  = NAVICULAR  [modern Latin scaphoides from Greek skaphoeidēs, from skaphos ‘boat’]

scapula /ˈskæpjʊlə/ n. (pl. scapulae /-li:/ or scapulas)  the shoulder blade 肩胛骨 [Late Latin, sing. of Latin scapulae]

scapular /ˈskæpjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the shoulder or shoulder blade 肩的，肩胛骨的 ●n.  1  a  a monastic short cloak covering the shoulders (僧侣、修道士穿的)肩衣b  a symbol of affiliation to an ecclesiastical order, consisting of two strips of cloth hanging down the breast and back and joined across the shoulders (象征宗教虔诚的)肩布 2  a bandage for or over the shoulders 肩胛绷带 3  a scapular feather 肩羽 [the adj. from SCAPULA: the noun from Late Latin scapulare (as SCAPULA)]

scapular feather n.  a feather covering the shoulder, growing above where the wing joins the body 肩羽

scapulary /ˈskæpjʊləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = SCAPULARn. 1  2  = SCAPULARn. 3  [Middle English via Old French eschapeloyre from medieval Latin scapelorium, scapularium (as SCAPULA)]

scar1 /skɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. permanent mark on the skin left after the healing of a wound, burn, or sore (通常为永久性的)疤；伤疤；疤痕 2  the lasting effect of grief etc. on a person's character or disposition (精神的)创伤 3  a mark left by damage etc. 损伤后的痕迹  the table bore many scars  这张桌子上有很多疤痕 4  a mark left at the point of separation of a leaf etc. from a plant (植物的)瘢痕；叶柄疤 ●v. (scarred, scarring)  1 tr. (esp. as 尤作 scarred adj.)  mark with a scar or scars 使有疤痕  was scarred for life  留下了终生的伤疤 2 intr.  heal over; form a scar 愈合；结疤 3 tr.  form a scar on 在…上结疤 □ scarless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French eschar(r)e and Late Latin eschara from Greek eskhara ‘scab’]

scar2 /skɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 scaur /skɔ:/)  a steep craggy outcrop of a mountain or cliff 峭壁；悬崖 [Middle English from Old Norse sker ‘low reef in the sea’]

scarab /ˈskærəb/ n.  1  a  a large dung-beetle, Scarabaeus sacer, regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt 圣甲虫，蜣螂(古埃及人视其为圣物)b  = SCARABAEID  2  an ancient Egyptian gem cut in the form of a beetle and engraved with symbols on its flat side, used as a signet etc. (古埃及的)圣甲虫形宝石，蜣螂雕像(用作图章等) [Latin scarabaeus from Greek skarabeios]

scarabaeid /skærəˈbi:id/ n.  any beetle of the family Scarabaeidae, including the dung-beetle, cockchafer, etc. 金龟子科甲虫(包括蜣螂、金龟子等) [modern Latin Scarabaeidae (as SCARAB)]

scaramouch /ˈskærəmaʊtʃ, -mu:tʃ/ n. archaic  a boastful coward; a braggart [古义]自吹自擂的胆小鬼，爱自夸的懦夫；吹牛的人，自夸者 [Italian Scaramuccia, the name of a stock character in Italian farce, from scaramuccia = SKIRMISH, influenced by French form Scaramouche]

scarce /skɛəs/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 predic.) (esp. of food, money, etc.) insufficient for the demand; scanty (尤指食物、钱等)匮乏的；不足的；缺乏的 2  hard to find; rare 稀有的；罕见的 ●adv. archaic or literary  scarcely [古义] [文学用语]几乎不 □ make oneself scarce  colloq.  keep out of the way; surreptitiously disappear [口]溜走；偷偷离开□ scarceness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old Norman French (e)scars, Old French eschars from Latin excerpere: see EXCERPT]

scarcely /ˈskɛəsli/ adv.  1  barely; only just 几乎不；刚刚；才  I scarcely know him  我几乎不大认识他 2  surely not 决不  he can scarcely have said so  他决不会那样说的 3  a mild, apologetic, or ironical substitute for ‘not’ (替代“ not ”，语气减弱，表示歉意或讽刺)不；不是  I scarcely expected to be insulted  我没料到会受侮辱

scarcity /ˈskɛəsiti/ n. (pl. -ies) (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a lack or inadequacy, esp. of food (尤指食物的)匮乏；缺乏；不足

scare /skɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  frighten, esp. suddenly (尤指突然地)惊吓，使惊恐，使害怕  his expression scared us  他的表情使我们感到害怕 2 tr. (as 作 scared adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or to + infin.)  frightened; terrified 害怕的；恐惧的  scared of his own shadow  害怕自己的影子 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off, up, etc.)  drive away by frightening 吓走；吓跑 4 intr.  become scared 感到害怕；感到恐惧  they don't scare easily  他们不会轻易感到恐惧 ●n.  1  a sudden attack of fright (突然的)惊吓  gave me a scare  吓了我一跳 2  a general, esp. baseless, fear of war, invasion, epidemic, etc. (尤指无来由的对战争、入侵、流行病等的)恐惧  a measles scare  对麻疹的恐惧 3  a financial panic causing share-selling etc. (造成股票抛售等的)金融恐慌 □ scare up (or out)  esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  frighten (game etc.) out of cover 把(猎物等从掩蔽处)惊吓出来 2 colloq.  manage to find; discover [口]找到；发现  see if we can scare up a meal  看我们能否弄到一顿饭□ scarer  n.   [Middle English skerre from Old Norse skirra ‘frighten’, from skjarr ‘timid’]

scarecrow /ˈskɛəkrəʊ/ n.  1  an object resembling a human figure dressed in old clothes and set up in a field to scare birds away (置于田中用以惊吓鸟雀的)稻草人 2 colloq.  a badly dressed, grotesque-looking, or very thin person [口]衣衫褴褛的人；骨瘦如柴的人 3 archaic  an object of baseless fear [古义]可怖但实则无害的东西

scaredy-cat /ˈskɛədikæt/ n. colloq.  a timid person [口]胆小鬼；懦夫

scaremonger /ˈskɛəmʌŋɡə/ n.  a person who spreads frightening reports or rumours 散布恐怖消息(或谣言)的人 □ scaremongering  n.  

scarf1 /skɑ:f/ n. (pl. scarves /skɑ:vz/ or scarfs)  a square, triangular, or esp. long narrow strip of material worn round the neck, over the shoulders, or tied round the head (of a woman), for warmth or ornament 围巾；披巾；(妇女用的)头巾 □ scarfed  adj.   [probably an alteration of scarp (influenced by SCARF2) from Old Norman French escarpe = Old French escherpe ‘sash’]

scarf2 /skɑ:f/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  join the ends of (pieces of esp. timber, metal, or leather) by bevelling or notching them to fit and then bolting, brazing, or sewing them together (尤指木材、金属或皮革等)嵌接；斜接 2  cut the blubber of (a whale) 割取(鲸鱼的)鲸脂 ●n.  1  a joint made by scarfing (嵌接的)斜面；切口；接榫 2  a cut on a whale made by scarfing (为割取鲸脂在鲸鱼身上开的)纵长切口 [Middle English (earlier as noun), probably via Old French from Old Norse]

scarf3 /skɑ:f/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down) N. Amer. colloq.  eat or drink greedily [北美口]贪婪地吃(或喝) [variant of SCOFF2]

scarf pin n. Brit.  an ornamental pin for fastening a scarf [英] (装饰性的)围巾扣针

scarf ring n. Brit.  an ornamental ring through which the ends or corners of a scarf are threaded and held in position [英] (装饰性的)围巾扣环

scarf-skin n.  the outermost layer of the skin constantly scaling off, esp. that at the base of the nails 表皮；(尤指指甲根部的)表皮

scarifier /ˈskærifaiə, ˈskɛəri-/ n.  1  an implement for cutting and removing debris from the turf of a lawn 修草坪机 2  a spiked road-breaking machine 翻路机 3 esp. Austral.  a machine with prongs for loosening soil without turning it [尤澳]松土机 [SCARIFY1]

scarify1 /ˈskærifai, ˈskɛəri-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  a  make superficial incisions in 在…上划痕b  cut off skin from 从…上取皮 2  hurt by severe criticism etc. (用严厉批评等)使…受伤害 3  cut and remove (debris from a lawn) with a scarifier (用修草坪机)修剪草坪 4 esp. Austral.  loosen (soil) with a scarifier [尤澳] (用松土机)松土 □ scarification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Old French scarifier via Late Latin scarificare and Latin scarifare from Greek skariphaomai, from skariphos ‘stylus’]

scarify2 /ˈskɛərifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq.  scare; terrify [口]吓唬；使惊恐 [formed irregularly from SCARE v. + -I- + -FY, perhaps on the pattern of TERRIFY]

scarious /ˈskɛəriəs/ adj. (of a part of a plant etc.) having a dry membranous appearance; thin and brittle (植物某部分等)干膜质的；薄膜状的 [French scarieux or modern Latin scariosus]

scarlatina /skɑ:ləˈti:nə/ n.  = SCARLET FEVER  [modern Latin from Italian scarlattina (febbre ‘fever’), diminutive of scarlatto SCARLET]

scarlet /ˈskɑ:lit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a brilliant red colour tinged with orange (红色与橙色相混的)猩红色；绯红色；鲜红色 2  clothes or material of this colour 猩红色衣服(或衣料)  dressed in scarlet  穿着猩红色的衣服 ●adj.  of a scarlet colour 猩红色的；绯红色的；鲜红色的 [Middle English from Old French escarlate: ultimate origin unknown]

scarlet fever n.  an infectious bacterial disease affecting esp. children, and causing fever and a scarlet rash 猩红热(细菌导致的传染性疾病，引起高烧和猩红热疹，尤易感染儿童)

scarlet hat n. RC Ch.  a cardinal's hat as a symbol of rank 【天主教】(作为职位象征的)红衣主教的帽子

scarlet pimpernel n.  a small annual wild plant, Anagallis arvensis, with small esp. scarlet flowers closing in rainy or cloudy weather also called 亦称作 POOR MAN'S WEATHER-GLASS 海丝，海绿(一年生野草，尤在阴雨天气开绯红色小花)

scarlet rash n.  = ROSEOLA 1 

scarlet runner n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a runner bean 红花菜豆 2  a scarlet-flowered climber bearing this bean 结红花菜豆的攀缘植物

scarlet woman n. derog.  a notoriously promiscuous woman, a prostitute [贬]荡妇；妓女

scaroid /ˈskærɔid, ˈskɛə-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any colourful marine fish of the family Scaridae, native to tropical and temperate seas, including the scarus 鹦嘴鱼(产于热带或温带海域，色彩斑斓) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 鹦嘴鱼科的

scarp /skɑ:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the inner wall or slope of a ditch in a fortification (cf. 参见 COUNTERSCARP) (堡垒壕沟的)内削壁 2  a steep slope 陡坡 ●v. tr.  1  make (a slope) perpendicular or steep 使(坡)陡峭 2  provide (a ditch) with a steep scarp and counterscarp 为(壕沟)修内(或外)削壁 3 (as 作 scarped adj.) (of a hillside etc.) steep; precipitous (山坡等)陡峭的；险峻的 [Italian scarpa]

scarper /ˈskɑ:pə/ v. intr. Brit. slang  run away; escape [英] [俚语]溜走；逃跑 [probably from Italian scappare ‘escape’, influenced by rhyming slang Scapa Flow ‘go’]

Scart /skɑ:t/ n. (also 亦作 SCART) (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a 24-pin socket used to connect video equipment 斯加特插座(用以连接录像设备的 24 脚插座)  Scart socket  斯加特插座 Scart connector  斯加特连接器 [acronym from Syndicat des Constructeurs des Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs, the designers]

scarus /ˈskɛərəs/ n.  any fish of the genus Scarus, with brightly coloured scales, and teeth fused to form a parrot-like beak used for eating coral Also called 亦称作 PARROTFISH 鹦嘴鱼(鳞片颜色鲜艳，嘴闭合时呈鹦嘴状，用于捕食珊瑚虫) [Latin from Greek skaros]

scarves pl.  of SCARF1  

scary /ˈskɛəri/ adj. (scarier, scariest) colloq.  scaring, frightening [口]骇人的；使人惊恐的 □ scarily  adv.  □ scariness  n.  

scat1 /skæt/ v. & int. colloq. [口] ●v. intr. (scatted, scatting)  depart quickly 迅速离开 ●int.  go! 走开 [perhaps abbreviation of SCATTER]

scat2 /skæt/ n. & v. ●n.  improvised jazz singing using sounds imitating instruments, instead of words (cf. 参见 VOCALESE) (爵士乐中模仿乐器声音的)即兴拟声歌唱 ●v. intr. (scatted, scatting)  sing scat 即兴拟声歌唱 [probably imitative]

scat3 /skæt/ n.  1  excrement 粪便 2  the droppings of an animal, esp. a carnivore 动物(尤指食肉动物)粪便 [Greek skōr skatos ‘dung’]

scathe /skeið/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 poet.  injure esp. by blasting or withering [诗]伤害；损害(尤指使之枯萎) 2 (as 作 scathing adj.)  witheringly scornful 痛斥；严厉斥责  scathing sarcasm  辛辣的讽刺 3 (with neg. 与否定词连用)  do the least harm to (cf. 参见 UNSCATHED) 伤害极小  shall not be scathed  将不会受到伤害 ●n. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) archaic  harm; injury [古义]损害；伤害  without scathe  无伤害；无损伤 □ scatheless  predic. adj.  □ scathingly  adv.   [the verb Middle English from Old Norse skatha = Old English sceathian: the noun Old English from Old Norse skathi = Old English sceatha ‘malefactor, injury’, from Germanic]

scatology /skæˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  1  a  a morbid interest in excrement 对粪便的病态兴趣b  a preoccupation with obscene literature, esp. that concerned with the excretory functions 对淫秽文学的热中(尤指对排泄功能)c  such literature 淫秽文学 2  the study of fossilized dung 粪化石学 3  the study of excrement for esp. diagnosis (尤指作为诊断的)粪便学 □ scatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek skōr skatos ‘dung’ + -LOGY]

scatophagous /skæˈtɒfəɡəs/ adj.  feeding on dung 食粪的 [as SCATOLOGY + Greek -phagos ‘-eating’]

scatter /ˈskætə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  throw here and there; strew 撒；撒播  scattered gravel on the road  在路面上撒沙砾b  cover by scattering (撒播以)覆盖  scattered the road with gravel  撒沙砾以覆盖路面 2 tr. & intr.  a  move or cause to move in flight etc.; disperse 分散；驱散；散开  scattered to safety at the sound  听见响声立即分散到安全处b  disperse or cause (hopes, clouds, etc.) to disperse 消散，使(希望、云等)消散 3 tr. (as 作 scattered adj.)  not clustered together; wide apart; sporadic 分散的；零散的  scattered villages  零散的村落 4 tr. Physics  deflect or diffuse (light, particles, etc.) 【物理学】散射(光、粒子等) 5  a intr. (of esp. a shotgun) fire a charge of shot diffusely (尤指猎枪)散射b tr.  fire (a charge) in this way 散射 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of scattering 撒播；驱散；散射 2  a small amount scattered (散布的)零星东西 3  the extent of distribution of esp. shot (尤指炮火的)散射面 □ scatterer  n.   [Middle English, probably a variant of SHATTER]

scatterbrain /ˈskætəbrein/ n.  a person given to silly or disorganized thought with lack of concentration 没有头脑的人；思想不集中的人 □ scatterbrained  adj.  

scatter cushion n. (also 亦作 scatter rug etc.)  any of a number of small cushions, rugs, etc., placed here and there for effect (随意随处摆放的)小靠垫，小地毯

scatter diagram n. (also 亦作 scatter plot) Statistics  a graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation present 【统计学】散布图

scatter-gun n. & adj. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●n.  a shot gun 猎枪；机关枪 ●adj.  = SCATTERSHOT 

scattershot /ˈskætəʃɒt/ adj. esp. N. Amer.  random, haphazard [尤北美]任意的；漫无目标的

scatty /ˈskæti/ adj. (scattier, scattiest) Brit. colloq.  scatterbrained; disorganized [英口]心猿意马的；杂乱无章的 □ scattily  adv.  □ scattiness  n.   [abbreviation]

scaup /skɔ:p/ n.  any diving duck of the genus Aythya 斑背潜鸭；小潜鸭 [scaup, Scots variant of scalp ‘mussel-bed’, which it frequents (probably related to SCALP)]

scauper var.  of SCALPER  2 SCALPER 2 的变体

scaur var.  of SCAR2  SCAR2 的变体

scavenge /ˈskævin(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  search for and collect (discarded items) 在(丢弃物中)寻找，收集 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on) (of an animal or bird) feed on (carrion) (动物或鸟)食腐 3 tr.  remove unwanted products from (an internal-combustion engine cylinder etc.) 排除(内燃机汽缸里的)废气 ●n.  the action or process of scavenging 在(丢弃物中)寻找(或收集)；食腐；排除(内燃机汽缸里的)废气 [back-formation from SCAVENGER]

scavenger /ˈskævin(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a person who seeks and collects discarded items 拾荒者 2  an animal feeding on carrion, refuse, etc. 食腐动物 3 Brit. archaic  a person employed to clean the streets etc. [英古义]清道工；清扫工 □ scavengery  n.   [Middle English scavager from Anglo-French scawager from scawage, via Old Northern French escauwer ‘inspect’ from Flemish scauwen, related to SHOW: for -n- cf. MESSENGER]

scazon /ˈskeiz(ə)n, ˈskæ-/ n. Prosody  a modification of the iambic trimeter, in which a spondee or trochee takes the place of the final iambus 【诗体】跛脚抑扬格(三音步抑扬格诗体的变形；以扬扬格或扬抑格代替三音步抑扬格诗行中的最后一个音步) [Latin from Greek skazōn, from skazō ‘limp’]

Sc.D. abbr.  Doctor of Science [缩略]理学博士 [Latin scientiae doctor]

SCE abbr.  Scottish Certificate of Education [缩略]苏格兰教育证书

scena /ˈʃeinɑ:, 意 ˈʃɛ:na/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a scene or part of an opera (歌剧的)一场，一幕 2  an elaborate dramatic solo usu. including recitative 叙唱；宣叙调 [Italian from Latin: see SCENE]

scenario /siˈnɑ:riəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  an outline of the plot of a play, film, opera, etc., with details of the scenes, situations, etc. (戏剧、电影、歌剧等的)剧本提纲 2  a postulated sequence of imagined (usu. future) events (通常指对未来可能发生的事件所推断的)情况；场景  in a different scenario, suppose the pressure had built up and eroded the seal  在不同的情况下，假如压力增大并蚀损了密封装置 □ scenarist  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [Italian from Latin scena: see SCENE]■Usage 用法说明 The use of scenario in sense 2 is valid when a detailed sequence of events that might come about under certain conditions is denoted. It should not be used in standard English as a loose synonym for ‘situation’ or ‘scene’, as in it was an unpleasant scenario. 一个未来事件在一定条件下可能发生，如果指的是该事件的详细过程，那么 scenario 释义 2 的使用是正确的。在标准英语中， scenario 不应作为 situation 或 scene 的同义词，如 it was an un ploeasant scenario (那是个令人不悦的情况)。 

scend /send/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  1  the impulse given by a wave or waves (波浪的)抬升力；推力  scend of the sea  大海的推力 2  a plunge of a vessel (船只的)颠簸 ●v. intr. (of a vessel) plunge or pitch owing to the impulse of a wave (船只由于海浪推动而)前后颠簸 [alteration of SEND or DESCEND]

scene /si:n/ n.  1  a place in which events in real life, drama, or fiction occur; the locality of an event etc. (真实生活、戏剧或故事中的)发生地点；现场  the scene was set in India  故事发生在印度 the scene of the disaster  灾难现场 2  a  an incident in real life, fiction, etc. (真实生活、故事等中的)事件  distressing scenes occurred  悲惨的事情发生了b  a description or representation of an incident etc. (对事件等的)描述，表述  scenes of clerical life  牧师生活的片断 3  a public incident displaying emotion, temper, etc., esp. when embarrassing to others (尤指令他人难堪的)吵闹，发脾气  made a scene in the restaurant  在饭馆里大吵大闹 4  a  a continuous portion of a play in a fixed setting and usu. without a change of personnel; a subdivision of an act (戏剧等的)一场，一幕(通常人物不变)b  a similar section of a film, book, etc. (电影的)一幕；(书的)一节 5  a  any of the pieces of scenery used in a play (戏剧中的)场景；布景b  these collectively (总称)戏剧的布景 6  a landscape or a view 风景；景象  a desolate scene  荒凉的景象 7 colloq. [口]  a  an area of action or interest (活动或兴趣的)领域  not my scene  不在我的兴趣范围内b  a way of life; a milieu 生活方式；环境  well known on the jazz scene  在爵士乐界很出名 8 archaic  the stage of a theatre [古义] (剧院的)舞台 □ behind the scenes   1 Theatr.  among the actors, scenery, etc. off stage 【戏】在后台 2  unknown to the public; secretly 暗中地；幕后地；秘密地□ behind-the-scenes  (作 attrib.)  secret, using secret information 秘密的  a behind-the-scenes investigation  秘密调查□ change of scene   a move to different surroundings esp. through travel (尤指通过旅行)改换环境□ come on (or colloq. [口] hit or US [美] make) the scene   arrive; appear 到场；出现□ quit the scene   die; leave 去世；离开□ set the scene   1  describe the location of events 描述事发地点 2  give preliminary information 提供基本信息 [Latin scena from Greek skēnē ‘tent, stage’]

scene-dock n.  a space for storing scenery near the stage (舞台近旁的)布景存放处

scenery /ˈsi:n(ə)ri/ n.  1  the general appearance of the natural features of a landscape, esp. when picturesque (尤指美丽的)风景；景色 2 Theatr.  the painted representations of landscape, rooms, etc., used as the background in a play etc. 【戏】布景 □ change of scenery   = change of scene (see 见 SCENE)  [earlier scenary from Italian SCENARIO: assimilated to -ERY]

scene-shifter n. esp. Brit.  a person who moves scenery in a theatre [尤英]置景工 □ scene shifting  n.  更换布景

scenic /ˈsi:nik/ adj.  1  a  picturesque; impressive or beautiful 风景如画的；风景优美的  took the scenic route  选择了风景如画的路线b  of or concerning natural scenery 自然景色的  flatness is the main scenic feature  平坦是这里景色的主要特点 2 (of a picture etc.) representing an incident (绘画等)描绘实景的 3 Theatr.  of or on the stage 【戏】舞台(上)的  scenic performances  舞台表演 □ scenically  adv.   [Latin scenicus from Greek skēnikos ‘of the stage’ (as SCENE)]

scenic railway n.  1  a miniature railway running through artificial scenery at funfairs etc. (游乐场中穿过人工景点的)观景轻便铁路 2 Brit. [英]  = BIG DIPPER 1 

scenography /si:ˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the painting or design of theatrical scenery 舞台布景绘制；舞台布景设计 2 Art  the representation of objects in perspective 【艺术】(物体的)透视画法 □ scenographer  n.   [French scénographie or Latin scenographia from Greek skēnographia ‘scene-painting’, from skēnē (see SCENE)]

scent /sent/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a distinctive, esp. pleasant, smell (独特的)气味；(尤指悦人的)芳香  the scent of spring flowers  春花的芬芳 2  a  a scent trail left by an animal perceptible to hounds etc. (猎狗等可辨识的动物留下的)气味踪迹，臭迹b  clues etc. that can be followed like a scent trail 线索  lost the scent in Paris  在巴黎失去了线索c  the power of detecting or distinguishing smells etc. or of discovering things 嗅觉，觉察能力  some dogs have little scent  一些狗嗅觉迟钝 the scent for talent  对人才的察觉能力 3 Brit. [英]  = PERFUME 2  4  a trail laid in a paperchase (撒纸追踪游戏中表示兔踪的)纸屑路线 ●v.  1 tr.  a  discern by scent 嗅出，闻出  the dog scented game  猎狗嗅到了猎物b  sense the presence of; detect 察觉；发觉  scent treachery  察觉背叛行为 2 tr.  make fragrant or foul-smelling 使充满香(或臭)味 3 tr. (as 作 scented adj.)  having esp. a pleasant smell (尤指)芳香的  scented soap  香皂 4 tr.  apply the sense of smell to 嗅，闻  scented the air  闻了闻空气中有无气味 □ on the scent   in possession of a useful clue in an investigation (调查中)掌握了有用的线索□ put (or throw) off the scent   deceive by false clues etc. (用假线索等)诱骗□ scent out   discover by smelling or searching (用嗅觉或搜查)发现□ scentless  adj.   [Middle English sent via Old French sentir ‘perceive, smell’ from Latin sentire: the -c- (added in 17th c.) is unexplained]

scent-bag n.  a bag of aniseed etc. used to lay a trail in drag-hunting (追猎中用以留下踪迹的茴芹籽)臭迹袋

scent gland n. (also 亦作 scent organ)  a gland in some animals secreting musk, civet, etc. (动物的)香腺，臭腺

scepter US var.  of SCEPTRE [美] SCEPTRE 的变体

sceptic /ˈskeptik/ n. & adj. (US [美] skeptic) ●n.  1  a person inclined to doubt all accepted opinions; a cynic 怀疑(论)者；愤世嫉俗者 2  a person who doubts the truth of Christianity and other religions (对基督教和其他宗教)抱怀疑态度者；怀疑宗教教义者 3 hist.  a person who accepts the philosophy of Pyrrhonism [史义]信奉皮浪(怀疑主义)哲学的人 ●adj.  = SCEPTICAL  □ scepticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [French sceptique or Latin scepticus from Greek skeptikos, from skepsis ‘inquiry, doubt’]

sceptical /ˈskeptik(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] skeptical)  1  inclined to question the truth or soundness of accepted ideas, facts, etc.; critical; incredulous 表示怀疑的；持怀疑态度的 2 Philos.  of or accepting the philosophy of Pyrrhonism, denying the possibility of knowledge 【哲】皮浪哲学的；信奉皮浪(怀疑主义)哲学的 □ sceptically  adv.  

sceptre /ˈseptə/ n. (US [美] scepter)  1  a staff borne esp. at a coronation as a symbol of sovereignty (尤指象征君主权位的)权杖 2  royal or imperial authority 王权；君权 □ sceptred  adj.   [Middle English via Old French (s)ceptre and Latin sceptrum from Greek skēptron, from skēptō ‘lean on’]

sch. abbr. [缩略]  1  scholar  2  school  3  schooner 

schadenfreude /ˈʃɑ:d(ə)nfrɔidə, 德 ʃɑ:dənfrɔydə/ n.  the malicious enjoyment of another's misfortunes 幸灾乐祸 [German, from Schaden ‘harm’ + Freude ‘joy’]

schappe /ʃæp, ˈʃæpə/ n.  fabric or yarn made from waste silk (废丝织成的)绢丝织物 [German, = waste silk]

schedule /ˈʃedju:l, ˈsked-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a list or plan of intended events, times, etc.; a timetable 一览表；时间表b  a plan of work 工作计划  not on my schedule for next week  不在我下周工作计划之内 2  any list, form, classification, or tabular statement, e.g. a list of rates or prices, a tabulated inventory, etc. 清单；表格；目录；报表(如比率表、价目表、存货报表等) 3 (with reference to the British income tax system) any of the forms (named ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.) issued for completion and relating to the various classes into which taxable income is divided (英国所得税制度) (标有 ‘A’ 或 ‘B’ 等的)税收表格(按可征的所得税数目分为不同的档次) ●v. tr.  1  include in a schedule 列入时间表 2  make a schedule of 列清单，列目录 3 Brit.  include (a building) in a list for preservation or protection [英]把(建筑)列入保存(或保护)清单 □ according to (or on) schedule   as planned; on time 按照计划(进行)；按时□ behind schedule   behind time 比计划(或预定)时间晚□ schedular  adj.  □ scheduler  n.   [Middle English via Old French cedule from Late Latin schedula ‘slip of paper’, diminutive of scheda from Greek skhedē ‘papyrus leaf’]

scheduled flight n. (also 亦作 scheduled service etc.)  a public flight, service, etc., according to a regular timetable 定期航班

scheduled territories n. pl. hist. [史义]  = STERLING AREA 

scheelite /ˈʃi:lait/ n. Mineral.  calcium tungstate in its mineral crystalline form 【矿】白钨矿 [named after K. W. Scheele, Swedish chemist d. 1786]

schema /ˈski:mə/ n. (pl. schemata /-mətə/ or schemas)  1  a synopsis, outline, or diagram 概要；纲要；图表 2  a proposed arrangement (建议的)布置，安排 3 Logic  a syllogistic figure 【逻辑学】(三段论法的)格 4 (in Kantian philosophy) a conception of what is common to all members of a class; a general type or essential form (康德哲学的)先验图式(关于什么是某阶层所有成员所共有的概念)；共同模式；根本形式 [Greek skhēma -atos ‘form, figure’]

schematic /ski:ˈmætik, ski-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning a scheme or schema 图表的；图式的；略图的 2  representing objects by symbols etc. (用符号等)代表实物的 ●n.  a schematic diagram, esp. of an electronic circuit (尤指电子线路的)简图；略图 □ schematically  adv.  

schematism /ˈski:mətiz(ə)m/ n.  a schematic arrangement or presentation 图解性布置(或陈述) [modern Latin schematismus from Greek skhēmatismos (as SCHEMATIZE)]

schematize /ˈski:mətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  put in a schematic form; arrange 把…列入图表；安排，布置 2  represent by a scheme or schema 用图式表述 □ schematization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

scheme /ski:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a systematic plan or arrangement for work, action, etc. (关于工作、行动等的)计划，规划，方案b  a proposed or operational systematic arrangement (建议的或操作性的)方案  a colour scheme  色彩方案 2  an artful or deceitful plot 阴谋；诡计 3  a timetable, outline, syllabus, etc. 时间表；梗概；提纲 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  plan esp. secretly or deceitfully; intrigue 密谋；图谋 2 tr.  plan to bring about, esp. artfully or deceitfully 密谋；策划  schemed their downfall  策划了他们的垮台 □ schemer  n.   [Latin schema from Greek (as SCHEMA)]

scheming /ˈski:miŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  artful, cunning, or deceitful 诡计多端的；狡诈的；欺诈的 ●n.  plots; intrigues 阴谋；诡计 □ schemingly  adv.  

schemozzle var.  of SHEMOZZLE  SHEMOZZLE 的变体

scherzando /skɛətˈsændəʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a playful manner 谐谑的(地) ●n. (pl. -os or scherzandi /-di/)  a passage played in this way 谐谑的乐章 [Italian, gerund of scherzare ‘to jest’ (as SCHERZO)]

scherzo /ˈskɛətsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or scherzi /-tsi/) Mus.  a vigorous, light, or playful composition, usu. as a movement in a symphony, sonata, etc. 【音】谐谑曲 [Italian, literally ‘jest’]

schilling /ˈʃiliŋ/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of Austria 先令(奥地利主要货币单位) 2  a coin of this value 一先令的硬币 [German (as SHILLING)]

schipperke /ˈskipəki, ˈʃip-, -kə/ n.  1  a small black tailless dog of a breed with a ruff of fur round its neck 无尾小黑狗(颈部皮毛浓密) 2  this breed 无尾小黑狗属犬 [Dutch dialect, = little boatman, from its use as a watchdog on barges]

schism /ˈsiz(ə)m, ˈskiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the division of a group into opposing sections or parties (团体)分裂b  any of the sections so formed 派别；宗派；派系 2  a  the separation of a Church into two Churches or the secession of a group owing to doctrinal, disciplinary, etc., differences 教会分裂；(因教义、教规等不同而导致的)团体分离b  the offence of causing or promoting such a separation 不和；分歧 [Middle English via Old French s(c)isme and ecclesiastical Latin schisma from Greek skhisma -atos ‘cleft’, from skhizō ‘to split’]

schismatic /sizˈmætik, skiz-/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 schismatical) ●adj.  1  of, concerning, or inclining to, schism 分裂的；趋向分裂的 2 Eccl.  guilty of the offence of schism 【教会】犯分裂教会罪的 ●n.  1  a holder of schismatic opinions 分裂教会者 2  a member of a schismatic faction or a seceded branch of a Church 教会分裂派的成员；从教会中分裂出的派别 □ schismatically  adv.   [Middle English via Old French scismatique and ecclesiastical Latin schismaticus from ecclesiastical Greek skhismatikos (as SCHISM)]

schist /ʃist/ n.  a foliated metamorphic rock composed of layers of different minerals and splitting into thin irregular plates 片岩(由分裂成不规则薄片的不同矿物组成) □ schistose  adj.   [French schiste via Latin schistos from Greek skhistos ‘split’ (as SCHISM)]

schistosome /ˈʃistə(ʊ)səʊm/ n.  a parasitic tropical flatworm of the genus Schistosoma, carried by freshwater snails and infesting the blood vessels of birds and mammals, causing bilharzia in humans. Also called blood fluke 血吸虫；裂体吸虫(寄生于淡水中的蜗牛体内，侵扰鸟类和哺乳动物的血管，可使人患有血吸虫病) [Greek skhistos ‘divided’ (as SCHISM) + sōma ‘body’]

schistosomiasis /ʃistə(ʊ)səˈmaiəsis/ n.  = BILHARZIA 1  [modern Latin genus name Schistosoma (as SCHISTOSOME)]

schizanthus /skitˈsænθəs/ n.  any plant of the genus Schizanthus, with showy flowers in various colours, and finely divided leaves 蛾蝶花(开各种颜色的艳丽花朵，叶片细小) [modern Latin, from Greek skhizō ‘to split’ + anthos ‘flower’]

schizo /ˈskitsəʊ/ adj. & n. colloq. offens. [口] [冒犯] ●adj.  schizophrenic 精神分裂症的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a schizophrenic 精神分裂症患者 [abbreviation]

schizocarp /ˈskitsə(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n. Bot.  a dry fruit that splits into single-seeded parts when ripe 【植】分果；离果(一种干果，成熟时会分裂为几颗单籽小果) □ schizocarpic  /-ˈkɑ:pik/ adj.  □ schizocarpous  /-ˈkɑ:pəs/ adj.   [Greek skhizō ‘to split’ + karpos ‘fruit’]

schizoid /ˈskitsɔid, skidz-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a person or personality etc.) tending to or resembling schizophrenia or a schizophrenic, but usu. without delusions (人或性格等)有精神分裂症倾向的；精神分裂症般的(但通常不产生妄想) 2  having inconsistent or contradictory elements 前后不一致的；相互矛盾的  a schizoid musical arrangement  不连贯的编曲 ●n.  a schizoid person 分裂性人格者

schizophrenia /skitsə(ʊ)ˈfri:niə/ n.  1  a mental disease marked by a breakdown in the relation between thoughts, feelings, and actions, frequently accompanied by delusions and retreat from social life 精神分裂症(思想、感情和行为脱节，常伴有妄想并躲避社会生活) 2 colloq.  a mentality or approach characterized by inconsistent or contradictory elements [口]前后不一(或相互矛盾)的精神状态(或方式)  political schizophrenia  政治上反复无常 □ schizophrenic  /-ˈfrenik, -ˈfri:nik/ adj. & n.   [modern Latin, from Greek skhizō ‘to split’ + phrēn ‘mind’]

schizothymia /skitsə(ʊ)ˈθaimiə/ n. Psychol.  an introvert condition with a tendency to schizophrenia 【心】精神分裂性气质 □ schizothymic  adj.   [modern Latin (as SCHIZOPHRENIA + Greek thumos ‘temper’)]

schlemiel /ʃləˈmi:l/ n. US colloq.  a foolish or unlucky person [美口]笨蛋；倒霉蛋 [Yiddish shlemiel]

schlep /ʃlep/ v. & n. (also 亦作 schlepp) colloq. [口] ●v. (schlepped, schlepping)  1 tr.  carry, drag 背；提；拉，拖 2 intr.  go or work tediously or effortfully 缓慢地行走，吃力地工作 ●n. US [美]  1  a tedious journey; a trek 单调沉闷的旅途；缓慢艰苦的跋涉 2  an inept or stupid person 傻瓜；无用的人；笨拙的人 [Yiddish shlepn from German schleppen ‘drag’]

schlieren /ˈʃliərən/ n.  1  a visually discernible area or stratum of different density in a transparent medium (透明介质上的)纹影 2 Geol.  an irregular streak of mineral in igneous rock 【地质】异离体(火成岩中一种不规则的矿物层) [German, pl. of Schliere ‘streak’]

schlock /ʃlɒk/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  inferior goods; trash [北美口]次品；废品 [Yiddish shlak ‘an apoplectic stroke’, schlog ‘wretch, untidy person, apoplectic stroke’]

schlump /ʃlʊmp/ n. esp. US slang  a slow or slovenly person; a slob, a fool [尤美] [俚语]笨拙的人；邋遢的人；笨蛋，傻瓜 [apparently related to Yiddish shlumperdik ‘dowdy’ and German Schlumpe ‘slattern’]

schmaltz /ʃmɔ:lts, ʃmælts/ n. esp. US colloq.  sentimentality, esp. in music, drama, etc. [尤美口] (尤指音乐、戏剧等中的)伤感 □ schmaltzy  adj. (schmaltzier, schmaltziest)   [Yiddish from German Schmalz ‘dripping, lard’]

schmuck /ʃmʌk/ n. esp. US slang  a foolish or contemptible person [尤美] [俚语]笨蛋，蠢货 [Yiddish shmok ‘penis’]

schnapps /ʃnæps/ n.  any of various strong spirits resembling genever gin (各种类似于杜松子酒的)烈酒 [German, = dram of liquor, from Low German & Dutch snaps ‘mouthful’ (as SNAP)]

schnauzer /ˈʃnaʊtsə/ n.  1  a dog of a German breed with a close wiry coat and heavy whiskers round the muzzle 髯狗(德国品种，毛发浓密刚硬，口鼻处长有浓密的髯) 2  this breed (德国种)刚毛犬 [German from Schnauze ‘muzzle, SNOUT’]

schnitzel /ˈʃnitz(ə)l/ n.  an escalope of veal 炸小牛肉片 [German, = slice]

schnorkel var.  of SNORKEL  SNORKEL 的变体

schnorrer /ˈʃnɒrə, ˈʃnɔ:rə/ n. esp. US slang  a beggar or scrounger; a layabout [尤美] [俚语]乞丐；游手好闲的人；二流子 [Yiddish from German Schnurrer]

scholar /ˈskɒlə/ n.  1  a learned person, esp. in language, literature, etc.; an academic (尤指语言、文学等方面的)学者 2 Brit.  the holder of a scholarship [英]奖学金获得者 3  a  a person with specified academic ability 有学术能力的人  is a poor scholar  是个学术能力差的人b  a person who learns 学习者  am a scholar of life  我一生好学 4 archaic colloq.  a person able to read and write [古义] [口]能读能写的人 5 archaic  a schoolboy or schoolgirl [古义] (中、小学的)学生 □ scholarly  adj.  □ scholarliness  n.   [Middle English via Old English scol(i)ere & Old French escol(i)er from Late Latin scholaris, from Latin schola SCHOOL1]

scholarship /ˈskɒləʃip/ n.  1  a  academic achievement; learning of a high level 学识；学问b  the methods and standards characteristic of a good scholar (优秀学者的)学术成就  shows great scholarship  显示了非凡的学术成就 2  a payment from the funds of a school, university, local government, etc., to maintain a student in full-time education, awarded on the basis of scholarly achievement (为使学生维持全日制教育，中学、大学、地方政府等从基金支出、按学生的学习成绩发放的)奖学金

scholar's mate  see 见 MATE2. 

scholastic /skəˈlæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning universities, schools, education, teachers, etc. 大学的；学校的；教育的；教师的 2  pedantic; formal 学者的；正式的  shows scholastic precision  显示出学者的一丝不苟 3 Philos. hist.  of, resembling, or concerning the schoolmen, esp. in dealing with logical subtleties 【哲】[史义] (尤指对待逻辑精微之处时)经院哲学的 ●n.  1 Philos. hist.  a schoolman 【哲】[史义]经院哲学家 2 hist.  a theologian of scholastic tendencies [史义] (有经院哲学倾向的)神学家 3 RC Ch.  a member of any of several religious orders, who is between the novitiate and the priesthood 【天主教】待受神职者 □ scholastically  adv.  □ scholasticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [Latin scholasticus from Greek skholastikos ‘studious’, via skholazō ‘be at leisure, devote one's leisure to study’ from skholē: see SCHOOL1]

scholiast /ˈskəʊliæst/ n. hist.  an ancient or medieval scholar, esp. a grammarian, who annotated ancient literary texts [史义]古代学者，中世纪学者(尤指给古代文学作品作注释的语法学家) □ scholiastic  /-ˈæstik/ adj.   [medieval Greek skholiastēs from skholiazō ‘write scholia’: see SCHOLIUM]

scholium /ˈskəʊliəm/ n. (pl. scholia /-liə/)  a marginal note or explanatory comment, esp. by an ancient grammarian on a classical text (尤指古代语法学家在经典文本上的)边注；批注 [modern Latin from Greek skholion, from skholē: see SCHOOL1]

school1 /sku:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an institution for educating or giving instruction, esp. Brit. for children under 19 years, or N. Amer. for any level of instruction including college or university 学校 ([尤英] 19 岁以下的孩子上学的学校；[北美]任何层次的教育，也包括学院和大学)b (作 attrib.)  associated with or for use in school 学校的  a school bag  书包 school dinners  校餐 2  a  the buildings used by such an institution 校舍b  the pupils, staff, etc. of a school 全校师生c  the time during which teaching is done, or the teaching itself 上课时间；教学  no school today  今天没课 3  a  a branch of study with separate examinations at a university; a department or faculty (大学的)学科；学院；系  the history school  历史系b Brit.  the hall in which university examinations are held [英] (大学的)考场c (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  such examinations [英]大学考试 4  a  the disciples, imitators, or followers of a philosopher, artist, etc. (哲学家、艺术家等的)崇奉者，模仿者，追随者  the school of Epicurus  伊壁鸠鲁的崇奉者们b  a group of artists etc. whose works share distinctive characteristics (艺术等的)流派；学派c  a group of people sharing a cause, principle, method, etc. (事业、主义、方法等)流派  school of thought  思想流派 5 Brit.  a group of gamblers or of persons drinking together [英]一群赌友；一群酒友  a poker school  一伙扑克牌友 6 colloq.  instructive or disciplinary circumstances, occupation, etc. [口]指导(或培训) (场所)等  the school of adversity  逆境训练 learnt in a hard school  在磨难中学习 7 hist.  a medieval lecture room [史义] (中世纪的)讲堂 8 Mus. 【音】 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a handbook or book of instruction 教材  school of counterpoint  对位声部教材 9 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) hist.  medieval universities, their teachers, disputations, etc. [史义] (中世纪的)大学；大学教师；辩论练习等 ●v. tr.  1  send to school; provide for the education of 使…受学校教育；负担…教育费用 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  discipline; train; control 培养；训练 3 (as 作 schooled adj.) (foll. by 后跟 in)  educated or trained 教育的；训练的  schooled in humility  在谦恭方面有素养 □ at (US [美] in) school   attending lessons etc. 在上课；在上学□ go to school   1  begin one's education 开始上学 2  attend lessons 上学；上课□ leave school   finish one's education 毕业□ of the old school   according to former and esp. better tradition 符合传统美德的  a gentleman of the old school  有传统美德的绅士□ school of hard knocks   experience gained from adversity 从逆境中获得的人生体验 [Old English scōl, scolu, ultimately via Latin schola ‘school’ from Greek skholē ‘leisure, disputation, philosophy, lecture-place’, reinforced in Middle English by Old French escole]

school2 /sku:l/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a shoal of fish, porpoises, whales, etc. (鱼、海豚、鲸等的)群，队 ●v. intr.  form schools 成群 [Middle English via Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schōle from West Germanic: related to Old English scolu ‘troop’]

schoolable /ˈsku:ləb(ə)l/ adj.  liable by age etc. to compulsory education (年龄等)应当接受义务教育的

school age n.  the age range in which children normally attend school 学龄(孩子入学的正常年龄段) often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : school-age children  学龄儿童

school board n. N. Amer. or hist.  a board or authority for local education [北美] [史义]地方教育董事会

schoolboy /ˈsku:lbɔi/ n.  a boy attending school (中小学的)男学生

schoolchild /ˈsku:ltʃaild/ n. (pl. -children)  a child attending school 小学生

schooldays /ˈsku:ldeiz/ n.  the time of being at school, esp. in retrospect. (尤指回忆中的)学生时代

schoolfellow /ˈsku:lfeləʊ/ n.  a past or esp. present member of the same school (过去的或尤其是现在的)同学；校友

schoolgirl /ˈsku:lɡɜ:l/ n.  a girl attending school (中小学的)女学生

schoolhouse /ˈsku:lhaʊs/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a building used as a school, esp. in a village (尤指村庄里的)校舍 2  a dwelling house adjoining a school 毗邻学校的住房

schoolie /ˈsku:li/ n. Austral. slang & dial.  a schoolteacher [澳] [俚语] [方]教师

schooling /ˈsku:liŋ/ n.  1  education, esp. at school (尤指中小学的)教育 2  training or discipline, esp. of an animal (尤指对动物的)培训；训练

school inspector n. (in the UK) a government official reporting on the efficiency, teaching standards, etc. of schools (英国)督学(负责汇报学校的教学效果、教学水平等的政府官员)

school leaver n. Brit.  a teenager who is about to leave or has just left school [英] (中小学的)离校生；辍学学生

school-leaving age n. Brit.  the minimum age at which a child may cease attending school [英]离校年龄

schoolman /ˈsku:lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 hist.  a teacher in a medieval European university [史义] (中世纪欧洲的)大学教师 2 RC Ch. hist.  a theologian seeking to deal with religious doctrines by the rules of Aristotelian logic 【天主教】[史义]经院派神学家(依据亚里士多德逻辑法则解释教规) 3 US  a male teacher [美]男教师

school-marm /ˈsku:lmɑ:m/ n. (also 亦作 school-ma'm) esp. colloq.  a schoolmistress [尤口]女教师

school-marmish adj. esp. US colloq.  prim and fussy [尤美口]古板挑剔的

schoolmaster /ˈsku:lmɑ:stə/ n.  a head or assistant male teacher 男校长；男教师 □ schoolmasterly  adj.  

schoolmastering /ˈsku:lmɑ:st(ə)riŋ/ n.  teaching as a profession 从教

schoolmate /ˈsku:lmeit/ n.  = SCHOOLFELLOW 

schoolmistress /ˈsku:lmistris/ n.  a head or assistant female teacher 女校长；女教师

schoolmistressy /ˈsku:lmistrisi/ adj. colloq.  prim and fussy [口]古板挑剔的

schoolroom /ˈsku:lru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room used for lessons in a school or in the large private home of a wealthy family (学校的)教室；(富贵家庭的私人)教室

school-ship n.  a training ship 教练舰；实习船

schoolteacher /ˈsku:lti:tʃə/ n.  a person who teaches in a school (中小学的)教师 □ schoolteaching  n.  

school time n.  1  lesson time at school or at home (在学校或在家中的)学习时间 2  schooldays 学生时代

school year n.  = ACADEMIC YEAR 

schooner /ˈsku:nə/ n.  1  a fore-and-aft rigged ship with two or more masts, the foremast being smaller than the other masts (二桅以上的)纵帆船(其前桅小于其他的桅) 2  a Brit.  a measure or glass for esp. sherry [英] (尤指雪利葡萄酒)酒杯；量杯b US & Austral.  a tall beer glass [美澳]高啤酒杯 3 US hist. [美史义]  = PRAIRIE SCHOONER  [18th c.: origin uncertain]

schorl /ʃɔ:l/ n.  black tourmaline 黑电气石 [German Schörl, of unknown origin]

schottische /ʃɒˈti:ʃ, ˈʃɒtiʃ/ n.  1  a kind of slow polka 肖蒂什轮舞(一种慢波尔卡舞) 2  the music for this 肖蒂什轮舞曲 [German der schottische Tanz ‘the Scottish dance’]

Schottky effect /ˈʃɒtki/ n. Electronics  the increase in thermionic emission from a solid surface due to the presence of an external electric field 【电子学】肖特基效应(指由于出现外来电场，导致固体表面放热增加) [named after W. Schottky, German physicist d. 1976]

Schrödinger equation /ˈʃrɜ:diŋə, ˈʃrəʊ-/ n. Physics  a differential equation used in quantum mechanics for the wave function of a particle 【物理学】薛定谔方程(量子力学中用于计算微粒波能的微分方程) [named after E. Schrödinger, Austrian physicist d. 1961]

schuss /ʃʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  a straight downhill run on skis (滑雪时)直线下滑 ●v. intr.  make a schuss 直线下滑 [German, literally ‘shot’]

schwa /ʃwɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 sheva /ʃəˈvɑ:/) Phonet. 【语音】  1  an indistinct unstressed vowel sound (模糊的)非重读元音  as in 如在 a  mome  nt a  go 中的斜体元音 2  the symbol /ə/ representing this in the International Phonetic Alphabet (国际音标表中) /ə/ 符号 [German from Hebrew šĕwɑˉ, apparently from šaw ' ‘emptiness’]

sciagraphy /saiˈæɡrəfi/ n. (also 亦作 skiagraphy /skai-/)  the art of shading in drawing etc. (绘画等的)投影法 □ sciagram  /ˈsaiəɡræm/ n.  □ sciagraph  /ˈsaiəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. tr.  □ sciagraphic  /saiəˈɡræfik/ adj.   [French sciagraphie via Latin sciagraphia from Greek skiagraphia, from skia ‘shadow’]

sciamachy /saiˈæməki/ n. (also 亦作 skiamachy /skai-/) formal [正式]  1  fighting with shadows 同影子作战 2  imaginary or futile combat 假想战；徒劳战 [Greek skiamakhia (as SCIAGRAPHY, -makhia ‘-fighting’)]

sciatic /saiˈætik/ adj.  1  of the hip 髋部的 2  of or affecting the sciatic nerve 坐骨神经的，影响坐骨神经的 3  suffering from or liable to sciatica 坐骨神经痛的；(易)患坐骨神经痛的 □ sciatically  adv.   [French sciatique via Late Latin sciaticus and Latin ischiadicus from Greek iskhiadikos ‘subject to sciatica’, from iskhion ‘hip joint’]

sciatica /saiˈætikə/ n.  neuralgia of the hip and thigh; a pain in the sciatic nerve 坐骨神经痛 [Middle English from Late Latin sciatica (passio ‘affliction’), fem. of sciaticus: see SCIATIC]

sciatic nerve n.  the largest nerve in the human body, running from the pelvis to the thigh 坐骨神经(人体中最大的神经，从骨盆延至大腿)

science /ˈsaiəns/ n.  1  a branch of knowledge conducted on objective principles involving the systematized observation of and experiment with phenomena, esp. concerned with the material and functions of the physical universe (see also 另见 NATURAL SCIENCE) 科学 2  a  systematic and formulated knowledge, esp. of a specified type or on a specified subject (尤指某个类型或主题的)学科  political science  政治学b  the pursuit or principles of this 学术研究；学术原理 3  an organized body of knowledge on a subject (一门学科的)系统知识；学问  the science of philology  语文学 4  skilful technique rather than strength or natural ability 技术；技巧 5 archaic  knowledge of any kind [古义]知识 [Middle English via Old French from Latin scientia, from scire ‘know’]

science fiction n.  fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances, major social or environmental changes, etc., frequently portraying space or time travel, life on other planets, etc. 科学幻想小说，科幻小说

science park n.  an area devoted to scientific research or the development of science-based industries 科学研究开发区

scienter /saiˈentə/ adv. Law  intentionally; knowingly 【法律】故意地；有意地 [Latin from scire know]

sciential /saiˈenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  concerning or having knowledge 知识的；有知识的，有学问的 [Late Latin scientialis (as SCIENCE)]

scientific /saiənˈtifik/ adj.  1  a (of an investigation etc.) according to rules laid down in exact science for performing observations and testing the soundness of conclusions (指调查等)科学的；符合科学规律的b  systematic, accurate 系统的；准确的 2  used in, engaged in, or relating to (esp. natural) science (尤指自然)科学的；从事(自然)科学的；与(自然)科学相关的  scientific discoveries  科学发现 scientific terminology  科学术语 3  assisted by expert knowledge 具有专门知识的 □ scientifically  adv.   [French scientifique or Late Latin scientificus (as SCIENCE)]

scientism /ˈsaiəntiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  a method or doctrine regarded as characteristic of scientists (科学家特有的)科学方法；科学原理b  the use or practice of this 科学方法的运用(或实践) 2 often derog.  an excessive belief in or application of scientific method [常贬英]义科学主义(对科学方法的迷信或滥用) □ scientistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.  

scientist /ˈsaiəntist/ n.  1  a person with expert knowledge of a (usu. physical or natural) science 科学家 2  a person using scientific methods 运用科学方法的人

Scientology /saiənˈtɒlədʒi/ n. propr.  a religious system based on self-improvement and promotion through grades of esp. self-knowledge [专名]科学论派(尤指以通过自我认识达到自我进步为基础的教派) □ Scientologist  n.   [Latin scientia ‘knowledge’ + -LOGY]

sci-fi /ˈsaifai/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  science fiction [口]科学幻想小说，科幻小说 [abbreviation: cf. HI-FI]

scilicet /ˈsailiset, ˈski:liket/ adv.  to wit; that is to say; namely (introducing a word to be supplied or an explanation of an ambiguity) 即；也就是(用于引出要增添的词语或消除歧义的解释) [Middle English from Latin, = scire licet ‘one is permitted to know’]

scilla /ˈsilə/ n.  any plant of the genus Scilla (lily family), related to the bluebell, usu. bearing small blue star-shaped or bell-shaped flowers and having long glossy straplike leaves 锦枣儿属植物(开蓝色星状或钟状小花，叶片长且光滑，呈带状) [Latin from Greek skilla]

Scillonian /siˈləʊniən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Scilly Isles off the coast of Cornwall 锡利群岛的 ●n.  a native of the Scilly Isles 锡利群岛人 [Scilly, perhaps on the pattern of Devonian]

scimitar /ˈsimitə/ n.  an oriental curved sword usu. broadening towards the point (东方人用的)短弯刀 [French cimeterre, Italian scimitarra, etc., of unknown origin]

scintigram /ˈsintiɡræm/ n.  an image of an internal part of the body, produced by scintigraphy 闪烁扫描图

scintigraphy /sinˈtiɡrəfi/ n.  the use of a radioisotope and a scintillation counter to obtain an image or record of a bodily organ etc. 闪烁扫描法 [SCINTILLATION + -GRAPHY]

scintilla /sinˈtilə/ n.  1  a trace 痕迹 2  a spark 火花；火星 [Latin]

scintillate /ˈsintileit/ v. intr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 scintillating adj.)  talk cleverly or wittily; be brilliant 妙语连珠地说；才智横溢 2  sparkle; twinkle; emit sparks 迸发火花；闪耀，闪烁 3 Physics  fluoresce momentarily when struck by a charged particle etc. 【物理学】(带电离子撞击时)闪烁 □ scintillant  adj.  □ scintillatingly  adv.   [Latin scintillare (as SCINTILLA)]

scintillation /sintiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or state of scintillating 闪烁(过程或状态) 2  the twinkling of a star (星辰的)闪烁 3  a flash produced in a material by an ionizing particle etc. (物质中由电离子等造成的)闪烁，一闪

scintillation counter n.  a device for detecting and recording scintillation 闪烁计数器，闪烁探测器

scintiscan /ˈsintiskæn/ n.  an image or other record showing the distribution of radioactive traces in parts of the body, used in the detection and diagnosis of various diseases (用于探测和诊断各种疾病的)闪烁扫描 [SCINTILLATION + SCAN]

sciolist /ˈsaiəlist/ n.  a superficial pretender to knowledge 知识浅薄的人；一知半解的人；貌似有学识的人 □ sciolism  /-ˈliz(ə)m/ n.  □ sciolistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [Late Latin sciolus, diminutive of Latin scius ‘knowing’, from scire ‘know’]

scion /ˈsaiən/ n.  1 (US also [美亦] cion)  a shoot of a plant etc., esp. one cut for grafting or planting (尤指用于嫁接或栽种的)接穗，植物幼枝 2  a descendant; a younger member of (esp. a noble) family (尤指贵族家庭)后代，后裔 [Middle English from Old French ciun, cion, sion ‘shoot, twig’, of unknown origin]

scire facias /sairi: ˈfeiʃiæs/ n. Law  a writ to enforce or annul a judgement, patent, etc. 【法律】告知令状(告知当事人判决、专利等执行或取消的司法令状) [Latin, = let (him) know]

scirocco var.  of SIROCCO  SIROCCO 的变体

scirrhus /ˈsirəs, ˈski-/ n. (pl. scirrhi /-rai/)  a carcinoma which is hard to the touch 硬性肿瘤 □ scirrhoid  adj.  □ scirrhosity  /siˈrɒsiti/ n.  □ scirrhous  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek skir(r)os, from skiros ‘hard’]

scissel /ˈsis(ə)l/ n.  waste clippings etc. of metal produced during coin manufacture (硬币生产中切下的)金属切屑，金属屑 [French cisaille from cisailler ‘clip with shears’]

scissile /ˈsisail, -sil/ adj.  able to be cut or divided 可切割的；可分裂的 [Latin scissilis from scindere sciss- ‘to cut’]

scission /ˈsiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of cutting; the state of being cut 切断，割断 2  a division or split 分离；分裂 [Middle English from Old French scission or Late Latin scissio (as SCISSILE)]

scissor /ˈsizə/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, up, into, etc.)  cut with scissors (用剪刀)剪 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  clip out 剪下(报纸等) (a newspaper cutting etc.)

scissor-bill n.  = SKIMMER 4 

scissor-bird n. (also 亦作 scissor-tail)  a fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus 叉尾霸鹟

scissors /ˈsizəz/ n. pl.  1 (also 亦作 pair of scissors sing.)  an instrument for cutting fabric, paper, hair, etc., having two pivoted blades with finger and thumb holes in the handles, operating by closing on the material to be cut 剪刀，剪子 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a  a method of high jump with a forward and backward movement of the legs 剪式跳高b  a hold in wrestling in which the opponent's body or esp. head is gripped between the legs (摔跤中的)剪(将对手的身体，尤其是头用双腿钳住) □ scissorwise  adv.   [Middle English sisoures via Old French cisoires from Late Latin cisoria, pl. of cisorium ‘cutting instrument’ (as CHISEL): associated with Latin scindere sciss- ‘to cut’]

scissors and paste n. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  = CUT-AND-PASTE 

sciurine /ˈsaijʊərin, -rain/ adj.  1  of or relating to the family Sciuridae, including squirrels and chipmunks 松鼠科的(包括松鼠和花栗鼠) 2  squirrel-like 像松鼠的 □ sciuroid  adj.   [Latin sciurus from Greek skiouros ‘squirrel’, from skia ‘shadow’ + oura ‘tail’]

sclera /ˈskliərə/ n.  the white of the eye; a white membrane coating the eyeball (眼球的)巩膜 □ scleral  adj.  □ sclerotomy  /-ˈrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [modern Latin, from fem. of Greek sklēros ‘hard’]

sclerenchyma /skliəˈreŋkimə, sklə-/ n.  the woody tissue found in a plant, formed from lignified cells and usu. providing support (植物的)厚壁组织 [modern Latin, from Greek sklēros ‘hard’ + egkhuma ‘infusion’, on the pattern of parenchyma]

sclerite /ˈskliərait, ˈskle-/ n. Zool.  a component section of an exoskeleton, esp. each of the plates forming the skeleton of an arthropod 【动】(尤指构成节肢动物骨骼的)骨片 [Greek sklēros ‘hard’]

scleritis /skliəˈraitis, sklə-/ n. Med.  inflammation of the sclera of the eye 【医】巩膜炎

scleroderma /skliərəˈdɜ:mə/ n. Med.  a chronic hardening of the skin and connective tissue 【医】皮硬化，皮肤硬化症 [Greek sklēros ‘hard’ + derma ‘skin’]

scleroid /ˈskliərɔid, ˈskle-/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  having a hard texture; hardened 【植】【动】硬质的；硬化的 [Greek sklēros ‘hard’]

scleroma /skliəˈrəʊmə, sklə-/ n. (pl. scleromata /-mətə/)  an abnormal patch of hardened skin or mucous membrane (皮肤或黏膜的)硬结 [modern Latin from Greek sklērōma (as SCLEROSIS)]

sclerometer /skliəˈrɒmitə, sklə-/ n.  an instrument for determining the hardness of materials (测量材料硬度的)硬度计 [Greek sklēros ‘hard’ + -METER]

sclerophyll /ˈskliərəfil, ˈskle-/ n.  any woody plant with leathery leaves retaining water 硬叶植物 □ sclerophyllous  /-ˈrɒfiləs/ adj.   [Greek sklēros ‘hard’ + phullon ‘leaf’]

scleroprotein /skliərəʊˈprəʊti:n, skle-/ n. Biochem.  any insoluble structural protein, e.g. keratin 【生化】硬蛋白(如角蛋白) [Greek sklēros ‘hard’ + PROTEIN]

sclerosed /skliəˈrəʊst, sklə-, ˈskliə-/ adj.  affected by sclerosis 硬化的；患硬化症的

sclerosis /skliəˈrəʊsis, sklə-/ n.  1  an abnormal hardening of body tissue (see also 另见 ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS) 硬化 2 (in full 全称 multiple sclerosis)  a chronic and progressive disease of the nervous system resulting in symptoms including paralysis and speech defects Also called 亦称作 disseminated sclerosis 多发性硬化(一种慢性神经系统疾病，症状包括瘫痪和语言障碍) 3 Bot.  the hardening of a cell wall with lignified matter 【植】硬化；木质化 [Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek sklērōsis, from sklēroō ‘harden’]

sclerotic /skliəˈrɒtik, sklə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or having sclerosis 硬的；硬化的 2  of or relating to the sclera 巩膜的；关于巩膜的 ●n.  = SCLERA  □ sclerotitis  /-rəˈtaitis/ n.   [medieval Latin sclerotica (as SCLEROSIS)]

sclerous /ˈskliərəs/ adj. Physiol.  hardened; bony 【生理】硬化的；骨质的 [Greek sklēros ‘hard’]

SCM abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) (英国)  1  State Certified Midwife 持有国家证书的助产士 2  Student Christian Movement 学生基督教运动

scoff1 /skɒf/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  speak derisively, esp. of serious subjects; mock; be scornful 嘲弄(尤指关于严肃话题)；嘲笑；讥笑；轻蔑 ●n.  1  mocking words; a taunt 嘲弄的言语；讽刺；奚落 2  an object of ridicule 嘲弄讥讽的对象 □ scoffer  n.  □ scoffingly  adv.   [perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. early modern Danish skuf, skof ‘jest, mockery’]

scoff2 /skɒf/ v. & n. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] ●v. tr. & intr.  eat greedily 贪婪地吃；狼吞虎咽地吃 ●n.  food; a meal 食物；一顿饭 [the noun from Afrikaans schoff, representing Dutch schoft ‘quarter of a day’ (hence, a meal): the verb originally a variant of dialect scaff, associated with the noun]

scold /skəʊld/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  rebuke or chide (esp. a child) 大声斥责，怒斥(尤指对孩子) 2 intr.  find fault noisily; complain; rail 责骂；抱怨；怒叱 ●n. archaic  a nagging or grumbling woman [古义]爱唠叨的女人；爱发牢骚的女人 □ scolder  n.  □ scolding  n.   [Middle English (earlier as noun), probably from Old Norse skɑˊld SKALD]

scolex /ˈskəʊleks/ n. (pl. scoleces /-ˈli:si:z/ or scolices /-lisi:z/)  the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment (绦虫的)头节(长有用于吸附的吸盘和钩) [modern Latin from Greek skōlēx ‘worm’]

scoliosis /skɒliˈəʊsis, skəʊ-/ n.  abnormal lateral curvature of the spine 脊柱侧凸 □ scoliotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek, from skolios ‘bent’]

scollop var.  of SCALLOP  SCALLOP 的变体

scolopendrium /skɒlə(ʊ)ˈpendriəm/ n.  the hart's tongue fern 荷叶蕨 [modern Latin from Greek skolopendrion, from skolopendra ‘millipede’ (because of the supposed resemblance)]

scombroid /ˈskɒmbrɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine fish of the family Scombridae, including mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, or of the superfamily Scombroidea 鲭亚目海鱼(包括青花鱼、金枪鱼、鲣鱼等) ●adj.  of or relating to this family or superfamily 鲭亚目海鱼的；关于鲭亚目海鱼的 □ scombrid  n.   [Latin from Greek skombros]

sconce1 /skɒns/ n.  1  a flat candlestick with a handle 带柄烛台 2  a bracket candlestick to hang on a wall 壁式烛台 [Middle English via Old French esconse ‘lantern’ or medieval Latin sconsa from Latin absconsa (laterna) ‘dark (lantern)’, from abscondere ‘hide’: see ABSCOND]

sconce2 /skɒns/ n.  1  a small fort or earthwork usu. defending a ford, pass, etc. 小堡垒；掩体(通常用以防守渡口、要隘等) 2 archaic  a shelter or screen [古义]掩蔽所；掩蔽物 [Dutch schans ‘brushwood’ from Middle High German schanze]

scone /skɒn, skəʊn/ n.  a small sweet or savoury cake of flour, fat, and milk, baked for a short time in an oven 烤饼，司康(用面粉、脂油和牛奶等为原料烤制的小甜饼) [originally Scots, perhaps from Middle Dutch schoon (broot), Middle Low German schon(brot) ‘fine (bread)’]

scoop /sku:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various objects resembling a spoon esp. (尤指): 勺形物品a  a short-handled deep shovel used for transferring grain, sugar, coal, coins, etc. 短柄铲勺(用于舀取谷物、糖、煤、硬币等)b  a large long-handled ladle used for transferring liquids 长柄勺(用于舀取液体)c  the excavating part of a digging machine etc. (挖掘机等的)勺形铲凿d Med.  a long-handled spoonlike instrument used for scraping parts of the body etc. 【医】(刮擦身体部位等的)长柄勺形刮器e  an instrument used for serving portions of mashed potato, ice cream, etc. 深口圆匙(舀取土豆泥、冰淇淋等) 2  a quantity taken up by a scoop 一勺的量 3  a movement of or resembling scooping 舀取(或类似舀取)的动作 4  a piece of news published by a newspaper etc. in advance of its rivals (先于对手报道出的)独家新闻 5  a large profit made quickly or by anticipating one's competitors (快速赚取的或因算定竞争对手而获得的)巨额利润 6 Mus.  a singer's exaggerated portamento 【音】滑音 7  a scooped-out hollow etc. 凹处，穴，洞 ●v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  hollow out with or as if with a scoop 用勺(或勺状物)掏空 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  lift with or as if with a scoop 用勺(或勺状物)舀起 3  forestall (a rival newspaper, reporter, etc.) with a scoop 抢先报道 4  secure (a large profit etc.) esp. suddenly (尤指突然)赚得(巨额利润等) □ scooper  n.  □ scoopful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German schōpe ‘bucket’ etc.: related to SHAPE]

scoop neck n.  the rounded low-cut neck of a garment (女服的)低圆领口

scoop-net n.  a net used for sweeping a river bottom, or for catching bait 捞网，抄网(用于清扫河底或捕鱼)

scoot /sku:t/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  run or dart away, esp. quickly 飞奔；(尤指)疾行 ●n.  the act or an instance of scooting 疾行；飞奔 [18th-c. US (earlier scout): origin unknown]

scooter /ˈsku:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a child's toy consisting of a footboard mounted on two wheels and a steering column with handles, propelled by resting one foot on the footboard and pushing the other against the ground 踏板车(一只脚踏在车上，另一只脚蹬地滑行的儿童游戏车) 2 (in full 全称 motor scooter)  a light two-wheeled open motor vehicle with a shieldlike protective front (前面有护板的)两轮轻便摩托车 3 N. Amer.  a sailboat able to travel on either water or ice [北美] (既可在水上航行又可在冰上滑行的)滑艇 ●v. intr.  travel or ride on a scooter 踩踏板车；骑轻便摩托车；驾滑艇滑行 □ scooterist  n.  

scopa /ˈskəʊpə/ n. (pl. scopae /-pi:/)  a small brushlike tuft of hairs, esp. on the leg of a bee for collecting pollen (尤指蜜蜂腿上的)花粉刷 [sing. of Latin scopae = twigs, broom]

scope1 /skəʊp/ n.  1  a  the extent to which it is possible to range 范围  this is beyond the scope of our research  这已超出了我们研究的范围b  the sweep or reach of mental activity, observation, or outlook 眼界；视野；见识  an intellect limited in its scope  见识有限的才智c  space or freedom to act 行动范围；行动自由  doesn't leave us much scope  没给我们留下多少余地 2 Naut.  the length of cable extended when a ship rides at anchor 【海】(锚缆的)长度 3 archaic  a purpose, end, or intention [古义]目的；意图 [Italian scopo ‘aim’ from Greek skopos ‘target’, from skeptomai ‘look at’]

scope2 /skəʊp/ n. colloq.  a telescope, microscope, or other device ending in -scope [口]望远镜；显微镜(或其他以 -scope 结尾的仪器) [abbreviation]

-scope /skəʊp/ comb. form forming nouns denoting [构词成分]构成名词，表示 :  1  a device looked at or through (kaleidoscope 万花筒 ; telescope 望远镜) 用以观看(或观测)的仪器 2  an instrument for observing or showing (gyroscope 陀螺仪 ; oscilloscope 示波仪) 用以观测(或显示)的仪器 □ -scopic  /ˈskɒpik/ comb. form  forming adjectives. [构词成分]构成形容词 [from or suggested by modern Latin -scopium from Greek skopeō ‘look at’]

scopolamine /skəˈpɒləmi:n/ n.  = HYOSCINE  [Scopolia, genus name of the plants yielding it, from the name of G. A. Scopoli, Italian naturalist d. 1788 + AMINE]

scopula /ˈskɒpjʊlə/ n. (pl. scopulae /-li:/)  any of various small brushlike structures, esp. on the legs of spiders (尤指蜘蛛腿上的)刷形毛丛 [Late Latin, diminutive of Latin scopa: see SCOPA]

-scopy /skəpi/ comb. form  indicating viewing or observation, usu. with an instrument ending in -scope (microscopy 显微镜学) [构词成分]观看，观察(通常指以 -scope 结尾的仪器)

scorbutic /skɔ:ˈbju:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  relating to, resembling, or affected with scurvy 坏血病的；似坏血病的；患坏血病的 ●n.  a person affected with scurvy 坏血病患者 □ scorbutically  adv.   [modern Latin scorbuticus from medieval Latin scorbutus ‘scurvy’, perhaps from Middle Low German schorbūk, from schoren ‘break’ + būk ‘belly’]

scorch /skɔ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  burn the surface of with flame or heat so as to discolour, parch, injure, or hurt 烧焦；烤焦；烧伤b  affect with the sensation of burning 使干焦；使焦灼 2 intr.  become discoloured etc. with heat 烧(烤、烫、晒等)得变色 3 tr. (as 作 scorching adj.) colloq. [口]  a (of the weather) very hot (天气)酷热，炎热b (of criticism etc.) stringent; harsh (批评等)苛严的；严厉的 4 intr. colloq. (of a motorist etc.) go at excessive speed [口] (司机等)超速疾驶 ●n.  1  a mark made by scorching 焦痕 2 colloq.  a spell of fast driving etc. [口] (一阵)高速疾驶 □ scorchingly  adv.   [Middle English, perhaps related to Old Norse skorpna ‘be shrivelled’]

scorched earth policy n.  the burning of crops etc. and the removing or destroying of anything that might be of use to an enemy force occupying a country 焦土政策(烧焦农作物或摧毁任何可能为占领军所用的事物)

scorcher /ˈskɔ:tʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that scorches 高速驾驶汽车的人；严苛之事物 2  a very hot day 大热天 3 Brit. colloq.  a fine specimen [英口]极佳的样品

score /skɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the number of points, goals, runs, etc., made by a player, side, etc., in some games (游戏或比赛中一方的)得分b  the total number of points etc. at the end of a game (比赛的)总比分  the score was 5 － 0  比分是 5 比 0c  the act of gaining esp. a goal (尤指进球等的)得分  a superb score there!  绝佳的进球！ 2 (pl. same 单复同 or scores)  twenty or a set of twenty 二十 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a great many 许多  scores of people arrived  许多人已经到达 4  a  a reason or motive 理由，原因；动机  rejected on the score of absurdity  以荒唐为由而拒绝b  topic, subject 话题；主题  no worries on that score  在那个问题上无需担心 5 Mus. 【音】  a  a usu. printed copy of a composition showing all the vocal and instrumental parts arranged one below the other 总乐谱b  the music composed for a film or play, esp. for a musical (电影、戏剧的)配乐 6 colloq. [口]  a  a piece of good fortune (一次)运气，好运b  the act or an instance of scoring off another person 责骂；羞辱 7 colloq.  the state of affairs; the present situation [口]局面；情况  asked what the score was  问了问情况怎样 8  a notch, line, etc. cut or scratched into a surface 痕，划痕；抓痕 9  a  an amount due for payment 欠款b  a running account kept by marks against a customer's name (记在顾客名下的)往来账目 10 Naut.  a groove in a block or deadeye to hold a rope 【海】(滑车的)带槽，绳槽 ●v.  1 tr.  a  win or gain (a goal, run, points, success, etc.) 赢得(进球、赛跑、分数、成功等)  scored a century  得了 100 分b  count for a score of (points in a game etc.) (比赛等)得分  a bull's-eye scores most points  击中靶心得分最多c  allot a score to (a competitor etc.) 给(参赛者等)记分d  make a record of (a point etc.) 记下(得分等) 2 intr.  a  make a score in a game 在比赛中得分  failed to score  未能得分b  keep the tally of points, runs, etc. in a game (在比赛中)记分 3 tr.  mark with notches, incisions, lines, etc.; slash; furrow 刻痕；划线；砍；开槽  scored his name on the desk  把他的名字刻在书桌上 4 intr.  secure an advantage by luck, cunning, etc. (靠运气或用计谋等)取得优势  that is where he scores  那是他占优势的地方 5 tr. Mus. 【音】  a  orchestrate (a piece of music) 把(音乐作品)谱写成管弦乐b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  arrange for an instrument or instruments 为…配乐c  write the music for (a film, musical, etc.) (为电影、音乐剧等)作曲d  write out in a score 写出乐谱 6 tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  mark (a total owed etc.) in a score (see sense 9b of n. 见名词释义 9b) 在账本上记下(所欠总数等)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, to)  enter (an item of debt to a customer) 记下(顾客所欠的款项) 7 intr. slang [俚语]  a  obtain drugs illegally 非法得到毒品b (of a man) make a sexual conquest (男人)性征服 8 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, to)  mentally record (an offence etc.) 铭记(宿怨等) 9 tr. N. Amer.  criticize (a person) severely [北美]斥责；责骂 □ keep score (or the score)   register the score as it is made 记分□ know the score  colloq.  be aware of the essential facts [口]知悉基本事实□ on the score of  Brit.  for the reason that; because of [英]由于，因为□ on that score   so far as that is concerned 在那一点上□ pay (or settle) a (or the) score   1  requite an obligation 还人情 2  avenge an injury 报宿怨□ score off (or score points off)  Brit. colloq.  humiliate, esp. verbally in repartee etc. [英口] (尤指用机敏的反驳等)羞辱□ score out   draw a line through (words etc.) 划掉，删去(字词等)□ score points   outdo another person; make a more favourable impression 强于(另一个人)；留下(比别人)更好的印象□ score under   underline 在…下划线；强调□ scoreless  adj.  □ scorer  n.  □ scoring  n. Mus. 【音】   [the noun from Old English (sense 5 from the line or bar drawn through all staves): the verb partly from Old Norse skora from skor ‘notch, tally, twenty’, from Germanic: related to SHEAR]

scoreboard /ˈskɔ:bɔ:d/ n.  a large board for publicly displaying the score in a game or match 记分牌；记分板

scorebook /ˈskɔ:bʊk/ n. (also 亦作 scorecard or score sheet)  a book etc. prepared for entering esp. cricket scores in (尤指记录板球比分的)记分册

score draw n.  a draw in football in which goals are scored (足球中)互有进球的平局

scoreline /ˈskɔ:lain/ n.  the number of points, goals, etc. scored in a match; the score; the result (比赛的)比分；得分；结果 [originally the line in a newspaper etc. giving the score in a sports contest]

scoria /ˈskɔ:riə/ n. (pl. scoriae /-rii:/)  1  cellular lava, or fragments of it 火山熔岩；熔岩渣 2  the slag or dross of metals 金属熔渣 □ scoriaceous  /-ˈeiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin from Greek skōria ‘refuse’, from skōr ‘dung’]

scorify /ˈskɔ:rifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  reduce to dross 使化为熔渣 2  assay (precious metal) by treating a portion of its ore fused with lead and borax (贵重金属)铅析 □ scorification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ scorifier  n.  

scorn /skɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  disdain, contempt, derision 藐视；轻蔑；嘲弄 2  an object of contempt etc. 被轻蔑(或嘲弄)的对象  the scorn of all onlookers  所有旁观者嘲笑的对象 ●v. tr.  1  hold in contempt or disdain 藐视，轻视 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  abstain from or refuse to do as unworthy 不屑于做…  scorns lying  对撒谎嗤之以鼻 scorns to lie  不屑于讲假话 □ pour scorn on   express contempt or disdain for 对…嗤之以鼻；蔑视；鄙视□ think scorn of  Brit. archaic  despise [英古义]鄙视□ scorner  n.   [Middle English from Old French esc(h)arn(ir), ultimately from Germanic: cf. Old Saxon skern MOCKERY]

scornful /ˈskɔ:nfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  full of scorn; contemptuous 鄙视的，轻蔑的 □ scornfully  adv.  □ scornfulness  n.  

scorper var.  of SCALPER  2 SCALPER 2 的变体

Scorpio /ˈskɔ:piəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (usu. 通常作 Scorpius /-piəs/) Astron.  a large constellation (the Scorpion), said to represent the scorpion which killed Orion 【天】天蝎星座(据说代表希腊神话中杀死俄里翁的蝎子) 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 23 Oct 天蝎宫(黄道十二宫的第 8 宫，太阳大约在 10 月 23 日进入此宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 属天蝎星座的人 □ Scorpian  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin (as SCORPION)]

scorpioid /ˈskɔ:piɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Zool.  of, relating to, or resembling a scorpion; of the scorpion order 【动】蝎子的；蝎子似的；蝎目的 2 Bot. (of an inflorescence) curled up at the end, and uncurling as the flowers develop 【植】(花朵)蝎尾状的 ●n.  this type of inflorescence 蝎尾状花序 [Greek skorpioeidēs (as SCORPIO)]

scorpion /ˈskɔ:piən/ n.  1  an arachnid of the order Scorpiones, with lobster-like pincers and a jointed tail that can be bent over to inflict a poisoned sting on prey held in its pincers 蝎(长有虾状钳子和节状尾，可用钳子夹住猎物并将尾中的毒刺刺入猎物) 2 (in full 全称 false scorpion)  a similar arachnid of the order Pseudoscorpiones, smaller and without a tail 拟蝎(蛛形纲昆虫，体形比蝎小，无尾) 3 (the Scorpion)  the zodiacal sign Scorpio or the constellation Scorpius 天蝎宫；天蝎星座 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a whip with metal points (in allusion to 1 Kings 12:11) 蝎尾鞭(典出自《圣经·列王纪上》 12:11) [Middle English via Old French from Latin scorpio -onis, via scorpius from Greek skorpios]

scorpion fish n.  any of various marine fish of the family Scorpaenidae, with venomous spines on the head and gills 鲉科鱼(头部和鳃部长有毒刺)

scorpion fly n.  any insect of the order Mecoptera, esp. of the genus Panorpa, the males of which have a swollen abdomen curved upwards like a scorpion's sting 蝎虫类昆虫；(尤指)蝎蛉(雄虫肿胀的腹部向上蜷曲时成蝎刺状)

scorpion grass n.  = FORGET-ME-NOT 

Scorpius  see 见 SCORPIO 1 

scorzonera /skɔ:zə(ʊ)ˈniərə/ n.  1  a plant of the daisy family, Scorzonera hispanica, with long tapering purple-brown roots 鸦葱(雏菊属，根部细长呈棕紫色) 2  the root used as a vegetable (用作蔬菜的)鸦葱根 [Italian from scorzone ‘venomous snake’ (against whose venom the plant may have been regarded as an antidote), ultimately from medieval Latin curtio]

Scot /skɒt/ n.  1  a  a native of Scotland 苏格兰人b  a person of Scottish descent 苏格兰人后裔 2 hist.  a member of a Gaelic people that migrated from Ireland to Scotland around the late 5th c. [史义] (公元 5 世纪后期从爱尔兰移居到苏格兰的)盖尔人 [Old English Scottas (pl.) from Late Latin Scottus]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SCOTCHMAN. 见 SCOTCHMAN 的用法说明。 

scot /skɒt/ n. hist.  a payment corresponding to a modern tax, rate, etc. [史义] (相当于现今的税等的)摊派款 □ pay scot and lot   share the financial burdens of a borough etc. (and so be allowed to vote) 分担市镇的支出款项等(因此获得选举权) [Middle English from Old Norse skot & from Old French escot, of Germanic origin: cf. SHOT3]

Scotch /skɒtʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj. var.  of SCOTTISH or SCOTS SCOTTISH 或 SCOTS 的变体 ●n.  1 var.  of SCOTTISH or SCOTS SCOTTISH 或 SCOTS 的变体 2  Scotch whisky 苏格兰威士忌 [contraction of SCOTTISH]■Usage 用法说明 The use of Scotch as an alternative to Scottish or Scots is generally regarded as offensive or old-fashioned by Scottish people. It should be avoided except in sense 2 above (to mean ‘Scotch whisky’) and in the special compounds (Scotch broth etc.) listed below. 苏格兰人一般认为，把 Scotch 当作 Scottish 或 Scots 的同义词来用是冒犯或过时的用法。因此，除了用于上面释义 2 (意为“苏格兰威士忌”)或用以构成下列某些特殊复合词(如 Scotch broth 苏格兰浓汤等)之外，应避免使用 Scotch 。 

scotch1 /skɒtʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  put an end to; frustrate 结束；挫败  injury scotched his attempt  受伤使他的努力受挫 2 archaic [古义]  a  wound without killing; slightly disable 使受伤；使伤损b  make incisions in; score 划开；刻痕 ●n.  1 archaic  a slash [古义]砍击；抽打 2  a line on the ground for hopscotch (儿童跳格游戏的)格线 [Middle English: origin unknown]

scotch2 /skɒtʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a wedge or block placed against a wheel etc. to prevent its slipping (防止车轮等滑动的)木楔，垫楔 ●v. tr.  hold back (a wheel, barrel, etc.) with a scotch (用木楔或垫楔)挡住(车轮、圆桶等) [17th c.: perhaps = scatch ‘stilt’ from Old French escache]

Scotch broth n.  a soup made from beef or mutton with pearl barley etc. (用牛肉或羊肉与珍珠大麦等混合做成的)苏格兰浓汤

Scotch cap n.  = BONNETn. 1b 

Scotch catch n. Mus.  a short note on the beat followed by a long one 【音】苏格兰抢板(拍点上的一个短音符后接一个长音符)

Scotch egg n.  a hard-boiled egg enclosed in sausage meat and fried 苏格兰煮蛋(包在香肠肉内煮老的蛋)

Scotch fir n.  = SCOTS PINE 

Scotch kale n.  a variety of kale with purplish leaves 苏格兰甘蓝(叶片呈紫色)

Scotchman /ˈskɒtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Scotchwoman, pl. -women)  = SCOTSMAN ■Usage 用法说明 Like Scotch, Scotchman and Scotchwoman are old-fashioned and may be regarded as offensive by Scottish people. Scot, Scotsman, or Scotswoman should be used instead. 与 Scotch 相同， Scotchman 和 Scotchwoman 也是旧式用语，而且或许会被苏格兰人认为是冒犯用语。因此，应使用 Scot 、 Scotsman 和 Scotswoman 。 

Scotch mist n.  1  a thick drizzly mist common in the Highlands (苏格兰山地的)苏格兰湿雾 2 Brit.  a retort made to a person implying that he or she has imagined or failed to understand something [英]反驳(暗指某人虚构或未能理解某事)

Scotch pebble n.  agate, jasper, cairngorm, etc., found in Scotland 苏格兰卵石(指产于苏格兰的玛瑙、碧玉、烟晶等)

Scotch snap n.  = SCOTCH CATCH 

Scotch tape n. esp. US propr.  adhesive transparent tape. [尤美] [商标]苏格兰胶带；透明胶带

Scotch whisky n.  whisky distilled in Scotland, esp. from malted barley (尤指大麦芽制成的)苏格兰威士忌

scoter /ˈskəʊtə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or scoters)  a large marine duck of the genus Melanitta 黑海番鸭；黑凫 [17th c.: origin unknown]

scot-free adv.  unharmed; unpunished 未受损害的；未受伤害的；未受惩罚的

scotia /ˈskəʊʃə/ n.  a concave moulding, esp. at the base of a column (尤指柱基的)凹弧边饰 [Latin from Greek skotia, from skotos ‘darkness’, with reference to the shadow produced]

Scoticism var.  of SCOTTICISM  SCOTTICISM 的变体

Scoticize var.  of SCOTTICIZE  SCOTTICIZE 的变体

Scotland /ˈskɒtlənd/ n.  苏格兰 [英国的一部分]

Scotland Yard /skɒtlənd ˈjɑ:d/ n.  1  the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police 伦敦警察厅，苏格兰场 2  its Criminal Investigation Department 伦敦警察厅侦缉处 [Great and New Scotland Yard, streets where it was successively situated until 1967]

scotoma /skɒˈtəʊmə, skə(ʊ)-/ n. (pl. scotomata /-mətə/ or scotomas)  a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field (正常视域内的)暗点；盲点 [Late Latin from Greek skotōma, via skotoō ‘darken’ from skotos ‘darkness’]

Scots /skɒts/ adj. & n. esp. Sc. [尤苏格兰] ●adj.  1  = SCOTTISHadj.  2  in the dialect, accent, etc., of (esp. Lowlands) Scotland (尤指苏格兰低地地区)苏格兰方言的；苏格兰口音的 ●n.  1  = SCOTTISHn.  2  the form of English spoken in (esp. Lowlands) Scotland (尤指苏格兰低地的)苏格兰英语 [Middle English, originally Scottis, northern variant of SCOTTISH]

Scots fir n.  = SCOTS PINE 

Scotsman /ˈskɒtsmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Scotswoman, pl. -women)  1  a native of Scotland 苏格兰人 2  a person of Scottish descent 苏格兰人后裔

Scots pine n.  a pine tree, Pinus sylvestris, native to Europe and much planted for timber and other products Also called 亦称作 Scots fir, Scotch fir 欧洲赤松(产于欧洲，主要用作木材或其他用途)

Scotswoman /ˈskɒtsˌwumən/ n.  苏格兰人；苏格兰女人

Scott /skɒt/   斯科特 [人名]

Scotticism /ˈskɒtisiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Scoticism)  a Scottish phrase, word, or idiom 苏格兰语特点；苏格兰习语 [Late Latin Scot(t)icus]

Scotticize /ˈskɒtisaiz/ v. (also 亦作 Scoticize, -ise)  1 tr.  imbue with or model on Scottish ways etc. 使苏格兰化 2 intr.  imitate the Scottish in idiom or habits (在习语或习惯上)模仿苏格兰人，苏格兰人化

Scottie /ˈskɒti/ n. colloq. [口]  1 (also 亦作 Scottie dog)  a Scottish terrier 苏格兰猎犬 2  a Scot 苏格兰人

Scottish /ˈskɒtiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Scotland or its inhabitants (关于)苏格兰的；(关于)苏格兰人的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of Scotland See also 另见 SCOTS 苏格兰人 □ Scottishness  n.  

Scottish terrier n.  1  a small terrier of a rough-haired short-legged breed 苏格兰猎犬(一种毛粗腿短的小猎狗) 2  this breed 苏格兰猎犬种犬

scoundrel /ˈskaʊndr(ə)l/ n.  an unscrupulous villain; a rogue 恶棍，流氓，无赖 □ scoundreldom  n.  □ scoundrelism  n.  □ scoundrelly  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

scour1 /ˈskaʊə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  cleanse or brighten (esp. metal) by rubbing, esp. with soap, chemicals, sand, etc. (尤指用肥皂、化学药品、砂等)擦净，擦亮(尤指金属)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off, etc.)  clear (rust, stains, reputation, etc.) by rubbing, hard work, etc. (通过擦拭、努力工作等)清除，消除(锈蚀、污点或对名誉的玷污等)  scoured the slur from his name  消除对他名声的诋毁 2  clear out (a pipe, channel, etc.) by flushing through with or by the natural action of water 冲刷(管道、渠道等) 3 hist.  purge (the bowels) drastically [史义]清肠 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of scouring; the state of being scoured, esp. by a swift water current 冲刷，冲洗  the scour of the tide  海潮的冲刷 2  diarrhoea in farm animals, esp. cattle and pigs (家畜尤指牛、猪的)腹泻 3  a substance used for scouring 除垢剂；洗涤剂 □ scourer  n.   [Middle English via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German schūren and French escurer from Late Latin excurare ‘clean (off)’ (as EX-1, CURE)]

scour2 /ˈskaʊə/ v.  1 tr.  hasten over (an area etc.) searching thoroughly 急速穿过(一个地区等)，彻底搜索  scoured the streets for him  为了找到他而搜索各条街道 scoured the pages of the newspaper  逐页细阅报纸 2 intr.  range hastily esp. in search or pursuit (尤指搜寻或追踪中)疾走 [Middle English: origin unknown]

scourge /skɜ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a whip used for punishment, esp. of people 鞭 2  a person or thing seen or regarded as an agent of punishment, esp. on a large scale 被视为惩罚工具的人(或事物)；祸患，灾难  the scourge of famine  饥荒的灾难 ●v. tr.  1  whip 鞭打，鞭笞 2  punish; afflict; oppress 惩罚；使痛苦；压迫 □ scourger  n.   [Middle English from Old French escorge (n.), escorgier (v.) (ultimately as EX-1, Latin corrigia ‘thong, whip’)]

scouring pad n.  a pad of abrasive material for cleaning kitchenware etc. (用以擦净厨房用具等的)擦拭布

scouring powder n.  an abrasive powder for cleaning kitchenware etc. (用以洗净厨房用具等的)除垢剂

scouring-rush n.  any of various horsetails, esp. Equisetum hyemale, with a rough siliceous coating used for polishing wood etc. 木贼属植物(尤指冬木贼，其皮粗糙含矽，可用于磨光木料等)

Scouse /skaʊs/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  the dialect of Liverpool 利物浦方言 2 (also 亦作 Scouser /ˈskaʊsə/)  a native of Liverpool 利物浦人 3 (作 scouse)  = LOBSCOUSE  ●adj.  of or relating to Liverpool 利物浦的 [abbreviation of LOBSCOUSE]

scout1 /skaʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person, esp. a soldier, sent out to get information about the enemy's position, strength, etc. 侦察员(其任务是刺探敌方位置、兵力等情报) 2  the act of seeking (esp. military) information (尤指军事情报的)侦察  on the scout  在侦察中 3  = TALENT SCOUT  4 (作 Scout)  a member of the Scout Association, an international youth organization (originally for boys) intended to develop character esp. by open-air activities 童子军组织成员，童子军(童子军组织是国际青年组织，起初为男孩子所创建，通过野外活动锻炼性格) 5  a domestic worker at a college, esp. at Oxford University (尤指牛津大学的)校工 6 archaic colloq.  a person; a fellow [古义] [口]家伙；伙计 7  a ship or aircraft designed for reconnoitring, esp. a small fast aircraft 侦察舰；侦察机(尤指高速飞行的小飞机) ●v.  1 intr.  act as a scout 侦察 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around, for)  make a search 搜寻 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) colloq.  explore to get information about (territory etc.) [口]搜索(某地区等的)情报 □ scouter  n.  □ scouting  n.   [Middle English from Old French escouter ‘listen’, earlier ascolter, ultimately from Latin auscultare]

scout2 /skaʊt/ v. tr.  reject (an idea etc.) with scorn 轻蔑地拒绝(意见等) [Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse skúta, skúti ‘taunt’]

Scouter /ˈskaʊtə/ n.  an adult leader in the Scout Association (童子军组织中的)成年领导人

Scoutmaster /ˈskaʊtmɑ:stə/ n.  a person in charge of a group of Scouts 童子军队长

scow /skaʊ/ n. esp. US  a flat-bottomed boat used as a lighter etc. [尤美]平底驳船 [Dutch schouw ‘ferry boat’]

scowl /skaʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a severe frown producing a sullen, bad-tempered, or threatening look on a person's face 皱眉；蹙额 ●v. intr.  make a scowl 皱眉；蹙额 □ scowler  n.   [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Danish skule ‘look down or sidelong’]

SCPS abbr. (in the UK) Society of Civil and Public Servants [缩略] (英国)公众服务员协会

SCR abbr. Brit.  Senior Common (or Combination) Room [缩略] [英] (大学的)教员公用室

scr. abbr.  scruple(s) (of weight) [缩略]英分(重量单位)

scrabble /ˈskræb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, at)  scratch or grope to find or collect or hold on to something 扒找；扒寻 ●n.  1  an act of scrabbling 扒找；扒寻 2 (作 Scrabble) propr.  a game in which players build up words from letter-blocks on a board [商标]拼字游戏 [Middle Dutch schrabbelen, frequentative of schrabben SCRAPE]

Scrabbler /ˈskræblə/ n. colloq.  a person who plays Scrabble [口]玩拼字游戏的人

scrag /skræɡ/ n. & v. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●n.  1 (also 亦作 scrag-end)  the inferior end of a neck of mutton 羊颈背肉 2  a skinny person or animal 骨瘦如柴的人(或动物) 3 colloq.  a person's neck [口] (人的)脖子 ●v. tr. (scragged, scragging) slang [俚语]  1  strangle, hang 勒死；绞死 2  seize roughly by the neck 扭脖子 3  handle roughly; beat up 粗暴对待；痛打 [perhaps alteration of dialect crag ‘neck’, related to Middle Dutch crɑˉghe, Middle Low German krage]

scraggly /ˈskræɡli/ adj.  sparse and irregular 稀疏散乱的

scraggy /ˈskræɡi/ adj. (scraggier, scraggiest)  thin and bony 瘦的；皮包骨的 □ scraggily  adv.  □ scragginess  n.  

scram /skræm/ v. intr. (scrammed, scramming) (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) colloq.  go away [口]走开；滚开 [20th c.: perhaps from SCRAMBLE]

scramble /ˈskræmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make one's way over rough ground, rocks, etc., by clambering, crawling, etc. 爬，攀缘 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, at)  struggle with competitors (for a thing or share of it) 争抢；争夺 3 intr.  move with difficulty, hastily, or awkwardly (艰难、匆忙或笨拙地)移动 4 tr.  a  mix together indiscriminately 混合；混杂b  jumble or muddle 使杂乱 5 tr.  cook (eggs) by heating them when broken and well mixed with butter, milk, etc. (拌黄油、牛奶等的)炒蛋 6 tr.  change the speech frequency of (a broadcast transmission or telephone conversation) so as to make it unintelligible without a corresponding decoding device 改变(广播或电话的)频率(以使无专用设备的情况下无法监听) 7 tr. colloq.  execute (an action etc.) awkwardly and inefficiently [口]笨拙地执行(行动等) 8 intr. (of fighter aircraft or their pilots) take off quickly in an emergency or for action (战斗机或飞行员)紧急升空 ●n.  1  an act of scrambling 爬行；攀缘；争夺 2  a difficult climb or walk 艰难的攀登(或行走) 3 (foll. by 后跟 for)  an eager struggle or competition 抢夺；争夺 4 Brit.  a motorcycle race over rough ground [英]摩托车越野赛 5  an emergency take-off by fighter aircraft (战斗机的)紧急升空 [16th c. (imitative): cf. dialect synonyms scamble, cramble]

scrambled egg n.  1  a dish of eggs cooked by scrambling 炒蛋 2 colloq. or joc.  gold braid on a military officer's cap [口] [诙] (军官帽上的)金色编带

scrambler /ˈskræmblə/ n.  1  a device for scrambling telephone conversations (电话)扰频器 2  a motorcycle for racing on rough ground 越野摩托车 3  a plant with long slender stems supported by other plants 攀缘植物

scran /skræn/ n. slang [俚语]  1  food, eatables, or (esp. Naut.) rations 食物；(尤)【海】给养；口粮 2  remains of food; scraps 剩余的食物 □ bad scran  Ir.  bad luck [爱尔兰]倒霉 [18th c.: origin unknown]

scrap1 /skræp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small detached piece; a fragment or remnant 小块；碎片；碎屑 2  rubbish or waste material 废物；废料 3  an extract or cutting from something written or printed 片断，摘录；剪报 4  discarded metal for reprocessing (用作再加工的)切屑；废金属 often 常作 attrib.: scrap metal  废金属 5 (with neg. 与否定词连用)  the smallest piece or amount 最小块；最小量  not a scrap of food left  一点食物也没留下 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a  odds and ends 零星东西b  bits of uneaten food 残羹剩饭 7 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a residuum of melted fat or of fish with the oil expressed 油渣 ●v. tr. (scrapped, scrapping)  discard as useless 废弃；抛弃 [Middle English from Old Norse skrap, related to skrapa SCRAPE]

scrap2 /skræp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a fight or rough quarrel, esp. a spontaneous one (尤指自发性的)争斗；争吵 ●v. tr. (scrapped, scrapping) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  have a scrap 争斗；争吵 □ scrapper  n.   [perhaps from SCRAPE]

scrapbook /ˈskræpbʊk/ n.  a book of blank pages for sticking cuttings, drawings, etc., in 剪贴簿(用于粘贴剪报、图画等)

scrape /skreip/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  move a hard or sharp edge across (a surface), esp. to make something smooth 刮；刮净；刮光b  apply (a hard or sharp edge) in this way (用刮刀等)刮 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off, etc.)  remove (a stain, projection, etc.) by scraping 刮去(污点、凸起等) 3 tr.  a  rub (a surface) harshly against another (用力使两个物体表面)摩擦b  scratch or damage by scraping 擦伤；刮破 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make (a hollow) by scraping 挖；挖空 5  a tr.  draw or move with a sound of, or resembling, scraping (带刺耳声响的)拖；挪b intr.  emit or produce such a sound 刮擦出声响c tr.  produce such a sound from 发出刮擦声 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 along, by, through, etc.)  move or pass along while almost touching close or surrounding features, obstacles, etc. (刮擦着)移动，通过  the car scraped through the narrow lane  汽车在狭窄的小巷刮擦着前行 7 tr.  just manage to achieve (a living, an examination pass, etc.) 勉强对付(生活、考试等) 8 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 by, through)  a  barely manage 勉强应付b  pass an examination etc. with difficulty (考试等)勉强及格 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 together, up)  contrive to bring or provide; amass with difficulty 勉强维持；艰难地积攒 10 intr.  be economical 节俭 11 intr.  draw back a foot in making a clumsy bow (笨拙地鞠躬时)一只脚后退 12 tr.  clear (a ship's bottom) of barnacles etc. 清除(船底上附着的)甲壳动物等 13 tr.  completely clear (a plate) of food 刮光(盘中的食物) 14 tr. (foll. by 后跟 back) Brit.  draw (the hair) tightly back off the forehead [英] (把头发从前额向后)梳理 ●n.  1  the act or sound of scraping 刮；刮擦声 2  a scraped place (on the skin etc.) (皮肤等)刮(擦)伤处 3 Brit.  a thinly applied layer of butter etc. on bread [英] (涂在面包上的)薄层黄油 4  the scraping of a foot in bowing (鞠躬时的)一只脚后退 5 colloq.  an awkward predicament, esp. resulting from an escapade [口] (尤指由于越轨行为造成的)困境；窘境 □ scrape acquaintance with   contrive to get to know (a person) 竭力结识(某人)□ scrape the barrel  colloq.  be reduced to one's last resources [口]仅余最后一点(财力、力量、办法等) [Middle English from Old Norse skrapa or Middle Dutch schrapen]

scraper /ˈskreipə/ n.  a device used for scraping, esp. for removing dirt or paint from a surface (尤指去除物体表面的污迹、画痕等的)刮刀；刮削器

scraperboard /ˈskreipəbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  cardboard or board with a blackened surface which can be scraped off for making white-line drawings [英] (刮拓版画用的)刮板(可刮去其涂黑的表面使之成为黑白线条版画)

scrap heap n.  1  a pile of scrap materials 金属切屑堆 2  a state of uselessness (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 on the scrap heap 在废物堆上) 无用

scrapie /ˈskreipi/ n.  a disease of sheep involving the central nervous system, characterized by lack of coordination causing affected animals to rub against trees etc. for support, and thought to be caused by a virus-like agent such as a prion (绵羊的)痒病(中枢神经系统疾病，可能由病毒引发)

scraping /ˈskreipiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of SCRAPE 用于 SCRAPE 的各释义 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a fragment produced by scraping off, up, or together 刮屑；削屑

scrap merchant n.  a dealer in scrap 废品回收商

scrappy /ˈskræpi/ adj. (scrappier, scrappiest)  1  consisting of scraps 由碎料构成的 2  incomplete; carelessly arranged or put together 不完整的；胡乱拼凑的 □ scrappily  adv.  □ scrappiness  n.  

scrapyard /ˈskræpjɑ:d/ n.  a place where (esp. metal) scrap is collected (尤指堆放废金属的)废料场

scratch /skrætʃ/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  score or mark the surface of with a sharp or pointed object (用尖物或利刃)刻，划(物体的表面) 2 tr.  a  make a long narrow superficial wound in (the skin) 划伤，抓破(皮肤)b  cause (a person or part of the body) to be scratched (使人或身体部位)划伤，划破  scratched himself on the table  让桌面把自己划伤了 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  scrape without marking, esp. with the hand to relieve itching (尤指用手)搔痒  stood there scratching  站在那里搔痒 4 tr.  make or form by scratching 扒成；抓成 5 tr.  scribble; write hurriedly or awkwardly 潦草书写  scratched a quick reply  匆忙潦草地写了一封回复 scratched a large A  潦草地涂写出一个大 A 字 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 together, up, etc.)  obtain (a thing) by scratching or with difficulty (艰难地)凑集；凑拢 7 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, off, through)  cancel or strike (out) with a pencil etc. (用铅笔等)删去；删掉；划掉 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  withdraw (a competitor, candidate, etc.) from a race or competition (在比赛或竞赛中)划掉，删除(竞争者或候选人等) 9 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around, etc.)  a  scratch the ground etc. in search 在地上扒寻b  look around haphazardly 无目标地搜寻  they were scratching about for evidence  他们到处寻找证据 ●n.  1  a mark or wound made by scratching 抓伤；划伤 2  a sound of scratching 刮擦声 3  a spell of scratching oneself 搔痒  had a scratch  抓痒 4 colloq.  a superficial wound [口]擦伤 5  a  a line from which competitors in a race (esp. those not receiving a handicap) start (尤指没有接受让步待遇的竞赛者的)起跑线b Golf  a handicap of zero 【高尔夫球】零分让步 6 (in pl. 用复数)  a disease of horses in which the pastern appears scratched 马脚葡萄疮 7 slang  money [俚语]金钱 8  a technique, used esp. in rap music, of stopping a record by hand and moving it back and forth to make a scratching sound (尤指用在说唱音乐中的)刮擦声(由唱针与唱片摩擦而成) ●attrib. adj.  1  collected by chance 凑集而成的 2  collected or made from whatever is available; heterogeneous 拼凑而成的  a scratch crew  临时凑成的人员 3  with no handicap given 公平的；不让步的  a scratch race  公平赛跑 □ from scratch   1  from the beginning 从零开始 2  without help or advantage 无帮助；无优势□ scratch along   make a living etc. with difficulty 艰难度日□ scratch one's head   be perplexed 感到迷惑；困惑不解□ scratch my back and I will scratch yours   1  do me a favour and I will return it 你帮我，我就帮你 2  used in reference to mutual aid or flattery 你捧我，我就捧你□ scratch the surface   1  gain a superficial insight (into a problem, matter, etc.) 触及(问题、困难等的)表面 2  investigate further 进一步调查  scratch the surface and you'll find corruption  进一步调查你就会发现腐败现象□ up to scratch   up to the required standard 达到要求的标准□ scratcher  n.   [Middle English, probably from synonymous Middle English scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin: cf. Middle Low German kratsen, Old High German krazzōn]

scratchings /ˈskrætʃiŋz/ n. pl. (in full 全称 pork scratchings)  crisp pieces of pork fat left after rendering lard, sold in packets as a snack 脆油渣条

scratch pad n.  1 esp. N. Amer.  a pad of paper for scribbling [尤北美]拍纸簿，便条簿 2 Computing  a small fast memory for the temporary storage of data 【计算】高速暂存存储器

scratch video n.  a video made by mixing together short clips, esp. with a synchronized soundtrack (尤指把短片与同步声道相混合制成的)录像机

scratchy /ˈskrætʃi/ adj. (scratchier, scratchiest)  1  tending to make scratches or a scratching noise 发出刮擦声的；刺耳的 2 (esp. of a garment) tending to cause itchiness (尤指衣服)引起瘙痒的 3 (of a drawing etc.) done in scratches or carelessly (绘画等)乱涂乱画的；潦草的 □ scratchily  adv.  □ scratchiness  n.  

scrawl /skrɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  write in a hurried untidy way 潦草书写 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  cross out by scrawling over 涂掉 ●n.  1  a piece of hurried writing 潦草的笔迹；涂鸦 2  a scrawled note 潦草书写的便条 □ scrawly  adj.   [perhaps from obsolete scrawl ‘sprawl’, alteration of CRAWL]

scrawny /ˈskrɔ:ni/ adj. (scrawnier, scrawniest)  lean, scraggy 瘦的；瘦弱的；皮包骨的 □ scrawniness  n.   [variant of dialect scranny: cf. archaic scrannel (of sound) ‘weak, feeble’]

scream /skri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loud high-pitched piercing cry expressing fear, pain, extreme fright, etc. (因恐惧、疼痛、极度惊恐等而发出的)尖叫 2  a similar sound, e.g. of sirens (尤指汽笛、警报器发出的)尖锐刺耳的声音 3 colloq.  an irresistibly funny occurrence or person [口]极其滑稽可笑的事(或人) ●v.  1 intr.  emit a scream (发出)尖叫 2 tr.  speak or sing (words etc.) in a screaming tone (歇斯底里地喊叫着)说，唱 3 intr.  a  move with a shrill sound like a scream (带着尖锐刺耳的声音)前行；飞驰  a train screamed past  火车呼啸着飞驰而去b  make a noise like a scream 发出尖叫似的声响 4 intr.  laugh uncontrollably 高声大笑；纵声大笑 5 intr.  be blatantly obvious or conspicuous 花哨；刺眼 6 intr. colloq.  turn informer [口]告密 [Old English or Middle Dutch]

screamer /ˈskri:mə/ n.  1  a person or thing that screams 尖声叫喊的人；发出尖厉声响的事物 2  any S. American goose-like bird of the family Anhimidae, frequenting marshland and having a characteristic shrill cry (南美)叫鸟(貌似鹅的一种涉禽，鸣叫声尖厉) 3 colloq.  a tale that raises screams of laughter [口]使人捧腹大笑的故事 4 US colloq. [美口]  a sensational headline 醒目的标题

screamingly /ˈskri:miŋli/ adv.  1  extremely 极其  screamingly funny  极其滑稽可笑 2  blatantly 极明显地；公然地  screamingly obvious  极为明显的

scree /skri:/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  1  small loose stones 碎石 2  a mountain slope covered with these 碎石覆盖的山坡 [probably a back-formation from screes (pl.), ultimately from Old Norse skritha ‘landslip’, related to skrítha ‘glide’]

screech /skri:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a harsh high-pitched scream 尖叫声 ●v. tr. & intr.  utter with or make a screech 发出尖叫声 □ screecher  n.  □ screechy  adj. (screechier, screechiest)   [16th-c. variant of Middle English scritch (imitative)]

screech owl n.  an owl with a screeching rather than a hooting call, esp. the barn owl or a small American owl, Otus asio 叫声尖利的枭(尤指叫枭或仓枭)

screed /skri:d/ n.  1  a long usu. tiresome piece of writing or speech 冗长枯燥的文章(或讲话) 2  a  a strip of plaster or other material placed on a surface as a guide to thickness 抹灰靠尺(用以确定灰泥的厚度)b  a levelled layer of material (e.g. cement) applied to a floor or other surface (地板或其他表面上的)砂浆层 □ screeding  n. (in sense 2b 用于释义 2b)   [Middle English, probably a variant of SHRED]

screen /skri:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fixed or movable upright partition for separating, concealing, or sheltering from draughts or excessive heat or light (用以隔开或遮挡风、过度的热量或光线的)帘，幕，账，幔，挡板 2  a thing used as a shelter, esp. from observation (尤指防止他人观察或窥测的)掩蔽物 3  a  a measure adopted for concealment 掩蔽措施，掩蔽方法b  the protection afforded by this 掩蔽性保护  under the screen of night  在夜幕的保护下 4  a  a blank usu. white or silver surface on which a photographic image is projected (可投放影片或幻灯片的)银幕；屏幕b (prec. by 前接 the)  the cinema industry 电影业 5  the surface of a cathode ray tube or similar electronic device, esp. of a television, VDU, etc., on which images appear (尤指电视、 VDU 等的)屏幕 6  = SIGHT-SCREEN  7  = WINDSCREEN  8  a frame with fine wire netting to keep out flies, mosquitoes, etc. (防蝇、蚊等的)纱罩；纱窗；纱门 9 Physics  a body intercepting light, heat, electric or magnetic induction, etc., in a physical apparatus 【物理学】(物理仪器中的)屏蔽；栅(用于阻挡光、热、电感或磁感等) 10 Photog.  a piece of ground glass in a camera for focusing 【摄】聚焦镜 11  a large sieve or riddle, esp. for sorting grain, coal, etc., into sizes (尤指谷物、煤等分类用的)粗筛；格筛 12  a system of checking for the presence or absence of a disease, ability, attribute, etc. (对疾病、能力、特性等的)审查；筛选；甄别 13 Printing  a transparent finely ruled plate or film used in half-tone reproduction 【印刷】网屏(网版复印中所使用的透明板或胶片) 14 Mil.  a body of troops, ships, etc., detached to warn of the presence of an enemy force 【军】(预警敌人出现的)屏护部队；屏护船只 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  a  afford shelter to; hide partly or completely 掩蔽；掩护b  protect from detection, censure, etc. 保护，包庇(以不被发现、指摘等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 off)  shut off or hide behind a screen (用屏风或挡板)隔开；遮蔽 3  a  show (a film etc.) on a screen 放映(电影等)b  broadcast (a television programme) 播放(电视节目) 4  prevent from causing, or protect from, electrical interference 屏蔽(以防电流干扰) 5  a  test (a person or group) for the presence or absence of a disease (疾病)检查，测试b  check on (a person) for the presence or absence of a quality, esp. reliability or loyalty 品质(尤指可靠或忠诚)测试 6  pass (grain, coal, etc.) through a screen 筛(谷物、煤等) □ screenable  adj.  □ screener  n.  □ screening  n.   [Middle English from Old Norman French escren, escran: cf. Old High German skrank ‘barrier’]

screenings /ˈskri:niŋz/ n. pl.  refuse separated by sifting 筛渣；筛屑

screenplay /ˈskri:nplei/ n.  the script of a film, with acting instructions, scene directions, etc. 电影剧本

screen printing n.  a process like stencilling with ink forced through a prepared sheet of fine material (originally silk) 丝网印刷法 □ screen print  n.  □ screen-print  v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 screen-printed adj.)  

screen saver n. Computing  a program which, after a set time, replaces an unchanging screen display with a moving image to prevent damage to the phosphor 【计算】屏幕保护程序

screen test n.  an audition for a part in a cinema film (挑选电影演员的)试镜

screenwriter /ˈskri:nraitə/ n.  a person who writes a screenplay 电影剧本作家 □ screenwriting  n.  

screw /skru:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thin cylinder or cone with a spiral ridge or thread running round the outside (male screw 螺杆) or the inside (female screw 螺母) 螺钉；螺丝 2 (in full 全称 woodscrew /ˈwʊdskru:/)  a metal male screw with a slotted head and a sharp point for fastening things, esp. in carpentry, by being rotated to form a thread in wood etc. (尤指做木工活时用的)木螺丝 3 (in full 全称 screw-bolt)  a metal male screw with a blunt end on which a nut is threaded to bolt things together 螺杆 4  a wooden or metal straight screw used to exert pressure (用以增加压力的木制或金属)螺旋 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  an instrument of torture acting in this way 拇指夹；螺旋夹(旧时的一种刑具) 6 (in full 全称 screw propeller)  a form of propeller with twisted blades acting like a screw on the water or air 螺旋桨 7  one turn of a screw 螺旋的一周(或一转) 8 (foll. by 后跟 of) Brit.  a small twisted-up paper (of tobacco etc.) [英] (烟草等的)卷纸 9 Brit. (in billiards etc.) an oblique curling motion of the ball [英] (台球等中的)拧；转 10 slang offens.  a prison warder [俚语] [冒犯]监狱看守 11 Brit. slang  an amount of salary or wages [英] [俚语]薪水；收入 12 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  an act of sexual intercourse 性交b  a partner in this 性交伙伴 13 Brit. slang  a mean or miserly person [英] [俚语]吝啬鬼；守财奴 14 Brit. slang  a worn-out horse [英] [俚语]跑乏了的马；驽马 ●v.  1 tr.  fasten or tighten with a screw or screws (用螺丝)拧紧；固定 2 tr.  turn (a screw) 拧，旋(螺丝) 3 intr.  twist or turn round like a screw 螺旋般转动 4 tr.  a  put psychological etc. pressure on to achieve an end 施加(精神)压力(以达到目的)b  oppress 压迫 5 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 out of)  extort (consent, money, etc.) from (a person) 逼迫(某人同意或交出钱物等)b  swindle 欺诈；诈骗 6 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) coarse slang  have sexual intercourse with [粗俗俚语]与…性交 7 Brit. [英]  a intr. (esp. of a billiard ball) take a curling course; swerve (尤指台球)旋转；偏转b tr.  cause (esp. a billiard ball) to swerve 使(尤指台球)旋转，偏转 8 tr.  = screw up  □ have one's head screwed on the right way  colloq.  have common sense [口]头脑清醒；有常识□ have a screw loose  colloq.  be slightly crazy [口]精神不大正常；乖僻□ put the screws on  (also absol. [亦含宾]) colloq.  exert pressure on (a person), esp. to extort something or to intimidate [口]强迫(某人)；(尤指)敲诈(钱物)；恐吓□ screw around  coarse slang  be sexually promiscuous [粗俗俚语]鬼混，乱交□ screw up   1  contract or contort (one's face etc.) 绷着脸 2  contract and crush into a tight mass (a piece of paper etc.) 把(一张纸等)揉成一团 3  summon up (one's courage etc.) 鼓起(勇气等) 4 slang [俚语]  a  bungle or mismanage 弄糟；搞乱b  spoil or ruin (an event, opportunity, etc.) 糟蹋；破坏(事情、机会等) 5 slang  upset; disturb mentally [俚语]搅乱；使心烦意乱□ screwable  adj.  □ screwer  n.   [Middle English via Old French escroue ‘female screw, nut’, from Latin scrofa ‘sow’]

screwball /ˈskru:bɔ:l/ n. & adj. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  1 Baseball  a ball pitched with reverse spin against the natural curve 【棒球】(投手投出的)内曲线球；旋转球 2 slang  a crazy or eccentric person [俚语]疯子；怪人 ●adj. slang  crazy [俚语]疯狂的，古怪的

screw cap n.  = SCREW TOP 

screw-coupling n.  a female screw with threads at both ends for joining lengths of pipes or rods 联接螺套；螺旋联轴节

screwdriver /ˈskru:draivə/ n.  1  a tool with a shaped tip to fit into the head of a screw to turn it 螺丝起子；螺丝刀 2  a cocktail made from vodka and orange juice 伏特加橙汁鸡尾酒

screwed /skru:d/ adj.  1  twisted 扭曲的 2 slang [俚语]  a  ruined; rendered ineffective 毁坏了的；无用的b  drunk 醉酒的

screw eye n.  a screw with a loop for passing cord etc. through instead of a slotted head 螺丝眼

screw gear n.  an endless screw with a cogwheel or pinion 斜齿轮；螺轮联动装置

screw hook n.  a hook to hang things on, with a screw point for fastening it (悬挂物品的)螺旋钩

screw-jack n.  a vehicle jack (see 见 JACK1 n. 1) worked by a screw device 螺旋千斤顶

screw pine n.  = PANDANUS 1 

screw-plate n.  a steel plate with threaded holes for making male screws 螺丝钢板(用于加工螺杆)

screw propeller  see 见 SCREW n. 6 

screw-tap n.  a tool for making female screws (用以加工螺母的)螺丝攻；丝锥

screw top n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  a cap or lid that can be screwed on to a bottle, jar, etc. (瓶、坛等的)带有螺纹的盖，帽

screw-up n. slang  a bungle, muddle, or mess [俚语]一团糟；混乱；乱七八糟

screw valve n.  a stopcock opened and shut by a screw 螺旋阀，螺旋开关

screwy /ˈskru:i/ adj. (screwier, screwiest) slang [俚语]  1  crazy or eccentric 疯狂的；古怪的 2  absurd 荒唐的；荒谬的 □ screwiness  n.  

scribble1 /ˈskrib(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  write carelessly or hurriedly 潦草书写 2 intr. often derog.  be an author or writer [常贬]当作家；写文章 3 intr. & tr.  draw carelessly or meaninglessly 涂抹；乱画 ●n.  1  a scrawl 乱涂的画；涂鸦 2  a hasty note etc. 草草写成的便条等 3  careless handwriting 潦草的笔迹 □ scribbler  n.  □ scribbly  adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin scribillare, diminutive of Latin scribere ‘write’]

scribble2 /ˈskrib(ə)l/ v. tr.  card (wool, cotton, etc.) coarsely 粗梳(羊毛、棉花等) [probably from Low German: cf. German schrubbeln (in the same sense), frequentative of Low German schrubben: see SCRUB1]

scribe /skraib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who writes out documents, esp. hist. an ancient or medieval copyist of manuscripts 文书；书记；[尤史义] (古代或中世纪的)抄写员 2 Jewish Hist.  an ancient Jewish record-keeper or, later, a professional theologian and jurist [犹太]【史】(古代的)档案保管员；(近代的)神学家，法学家 3 (in full 全称 scribe-awl)  a pointed instrument for making marks on wood, bricks, etc., to guide a saw, or in signwriting 划线器(在木材、砖上划线以便锯开) 4 N. Amer. colloq.  a writer, esp. a journalist [北美口]作家；(尤指)记者 ●v. tr.  mark (wood etc.) with a scribe (see sense 3 of n. 见名词释义 3) 用划线器(在木头等上)划线 □ scribal  adj.   [the noun Middle English from Latin scriba, from scribere ‘write’: the verb perhaps from DESCRIBE]

scriber /ˈskraibə/ n.  = SCRIBEn. 3 

scrim /skrim/ n.  open-weave fabric for lining or upholstery etc. (做衬里或帏帘等的)稀松织物 [18th c.: origin unknown]

scrimmage /ˈskrimidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rough or confused struggle; a brawl 混战；争吵 2 Amer. Football  a sequence of play beginning with the placing of the ball on the ground with its longest axis at right angles to the goal line 【美式橄榄球】并列争球 ●v.  1 intr.  engage in a scrimmage 扭打；撕打；争吵 2 tr. Amer. Football  put (the ball) into a scrimmage 【美式橄榄球】并列争球 □ scrimmager  n.   [variant of SKIRMISH]

scrimp /skrimp/ v.  1 intr.  be sparing or parsimonious 节俭；吝啬 2 tr.  use sparingly 节省；节俭 □ scrimpy  adj.   [17th c., originally Scots: perhaps related to SHRIMP]

scrimshander /ˈskrimʃændə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  = SCRIMSHAW  ●n.  a person who scrimshaws 贝雕工

scrimshank /ˈskrimʃæŋk/ v. intr. Brit. slang esp. Mil.  shirk duty [英] [俚语]【军】逃避任务；回避责任 □ scrimshanker  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

scrimshaw /ˈskrimʃɔ:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  adorn (shells, ivory, etc.) with carved or coloured designs (as sailors' pastime at sea) 贝雕；象牙雕刻(水手在海上的消遣手段) ●n.  work or a piece of work of this kind 贝雕；象牙雕刻 [19th c.: perhaps from a surname]

scrip /skrip/ n.  1  a provisional certificate of money subscribed to a bank or company etc. entitling the holder to a formal certificate and dividends (向银行或公司等换取正式收据和分红的)临时凭证 2 (collect. 集合名词)  such certificates 临时凭证 3  an extra share or shares instead of a dividend (代替红利的)配股 [abbreviation of subscription receipt]

script /skript/ n. & v. ●n.  1  handwriting as distinct from print; written characters 笔迹；手迹 2  type imitating handwriting 手写体 3  an alphabet or system of writing 字母表，书写系统  the Russian script  俄语字母表 4  the text of a play, film, or broadcast 戏剧剧本；电影剧本；广播稿 5  an examinee's set of written answers (考生的笔试)答卷 6 Law  an original document as distinct from a copy 【法律】(区别于拷贝的)原始文件 ●v. tr.  write a script for (a film etc.) 写(电影等)剧本 [Middle English, = thing written, via Old French escri(p)t from Latin scriptum, neut. past part. of scribere ‘write’]

scriptorium /skripˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. scriptoria /-riə/ or scriptoriums)  a room set apart for writing, esp. in a monastery (尤指修道院的)缮写室；文书房 □ scriptorial  adj.   [medieval Latin (as SCRIPT)]

scriptural /ˈskriptʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to a scripture, esp. the Bible (尤指)圣经的；出自圣经的 2  having the authority of a scripture 经典的 □ scripturally  adv.   [Late Latin scripturalis from Latin scriptura: see SCRIPTURE]

scripture /ˈskriptʃə/ n.  1  sacred writings (神圣的)经文 2 (作 Scripture or the Scriptures)  a  the Bible as a collection of sacred writings in Christianity (基督教的)圣经b  the sacred writings of any other religion (其他宗教的)经文 [Middle English from Latin scriptura, past part. stem of scribere ‘write’]

scriptwriter /ˈskriptraitə/ n.  a person who writes a script for a film, broadcast, etc. 电影剧本作家；广播节目撰稿人 □ scriptwriting  n.  

scrivener /ˈskriv(ə)nə/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a copyist or drafter of documents 抄写员；撰稿人 2  a notary 文书，书记员 3  a broker 掮客 4  a moneylender 放债人，债主 [Middle English from obsolete scrivein from Old French escrivein, ultimately from Latin (as SCRIBE)]

scrobiculate /skrəˈbikjʊlət/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  pitted, furrowed 【植】有纹孔的；【动】具粒陷的 [Latin scrobiculus from scrobis ‘trench’]

scrod /skrɒd/ n. N. Amer.  a young cod or haddock, esp. as food [北美] (尤指作为食物的)幼鳕鱼 [19th c.: origin unknown]

scrofula /ˈskrɒfjʊlə/ n. archaic  a disease with glandular swellings, probably a form of tuberculosis Also called 亦称作 KING'S EVIL [古义]瘰疬；疬子颈，老鼠疮 □ scrofulous  adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin (sing.), from Late Latin scrofulae (pl.) ‘scrofulous swelling’, diminutive of Latin scrofa ‘a sow’]

scroll /skrəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a roll of parchment or paper esp. with writing on it (尤指写有字画的)卷轴，画卷 2  a book in the ancient roll form (古代卷轴式的)书 3  an ornamental design or carving imitating a roll of parchment 涡卷形装饰 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, up)  move (a display on a VDU screen) in order to view new material 移动(屏幕上的图像)以观看新内容 2 tr.  inscribe in or like a scroll 在卷轴上书写 3 intr.  curl up like paper (卷纸似地)卷起 □ scroller  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)   [Middle English scrowle, alteration of rowle ROLL, perhaps influenced by scrow (in the same sense), from ESCROW]

scroll bar n.  a long thin section at the edge of a computer display by which material can be scrolled using a mouse (计算机显示屏上用鼠标点击可翻页的)滚动条

scrolled /skrəʊld/ adj.  having a scroll ornament 有涡卷装饰的

scroll saw n.  a saw for cutting along curved lines in ornamental work (装修时用的)钢丝锯；曲线锯

scrollwork /ˈskrəʊlwɜ:k/ n.  decoration of spiral lines, esp. as cut by a scroll saw (尤指用曲线锯锯成的)涡卷装饰

Scrooge /skru:dʒ/ n.  a mean or miserly person 吝啬鬼；守财奴 [a character in Dickens's A Christmas Carol]

scrotum /ˈskrəʊtəm/ n. (pl. scrota /-tə/ or scrotums)  a pouch of skin containing the testicles 阴囊 □ scrotal  adj.  □ scrotitis  /-ˈtaitis/ n.   [Latin]

scrounge /skraʊn(d)ʒ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  obtain (things) illicitly or by cadging 骗取；擅取；讨取 2 intr.  search about to find something at no cost 搜寻 ●n.  an act of scrounging 骗取，擅取，讨取 □ on the scrounge  Brit.  engaged in scrounging [英]在行骗；在搜寻□ scrounger  n.   [variant of dialect scrunge ‘steal’]

scrub1 /skrʌb/ v. & n. ●v. (scrubbed, scrubbing)  1 tr.  rub hard so as to clean, esp. with a hard brush (尤指用硬刷)擦净；擦洗 2 intr.  use a brush in this way (用刷子)刷净 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) (of a surgeon etc.) thoroughly clean the hands and arms by scrubbing, before operating (外科医生手术前)擦洗(手和臂) 4 tr. colloq.  scrap or cancel (a plan, order, etc.) [口]取消(计划、命令等) 5 tr.  use water to remove impurities from (gas etc.) 涤气；洗气(用水排除掉气体等中的杂质) 6  a intr. (of tyres) scrape on the road surface, esp. when cornering (尤指轮胎转弯时)摩擦路面b tr. (foll. by 后跟 off)  reduce speed by allowing the tyres to scrape the road (通过轮胎摩擦路面)降速 ●n.  the act or an instance of scrubbing; the process of being scrubbed 擦洗；擦净；刷净 □ scrub round  Brit. colloq.  circumvent, avoid [英口]规避；回避 [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schrobben, schrubben]

scrub2 /skrʌb/ n.  1  a  vegetation consisting mainly of brushwood or stunted forest growth 灌木丛；矮树丛b  an area of land covered with this 灌木丛地带 2 N. Amer.  an animal of inferior breed or physique [北美] (品种低劣或体格瘦小的)动物 often 常作 attrib.: scrub horse  矮马 3  a small or dwarf variety 矮小的品种 often 常作 attrib.: scrub pine  低矮的松树 4 US Sport colloq.  a team or player not of the first class [美]【运动】[口]二流运动队(或运动员) □ scrubby  adj.   [Middle English, variant of SHRUB1]

scrubber /ˈskrʌbə/ n.  1  an apparatus using water or a solution for purifying gases etc. 涤气器，洗涤器 2 Brit. slang offens.  a sexually promiscuous woman [英] [俚语] [冒犯]荡妇；娼妓

scrubbing-brush n. (N. Amer. [北美] scrub-brush)  a hard brush for scrubbing floors (刷地板用的)硬刷，板刷

scrubland /ˈskrʌblənd/ n.  land consisting of scrub vegetation 灌木丛地带

scrub turkey n.  a megapode 营冢鸟

scrub typhus n.  a rickettsial disease transmitted to humans by mites 恙虫病(由螨虫传染给人类的疾病)

scruff1 /skrʌf/ n.  the back of the neck as used to grasp and lift or drag an animal or person by (esp. 尤用于 scruff of the neck 颈背皮) 颈背；后颈 [alteration of scuff, perhaps from Old Norse skoft ‘hair’]

scruff2 /skrʌf/ n. Brit. colloq.  an untidy or scruffy person [英口]邋遢鬼 [originally = SCURF, later ‘worthless thing’, or back-formation from SCRUFFY]

scruffy /ˈskrʌfi/ adj. (scruffier, scruffiest) colloq.  shabby, slovenly, untidy [口]衣衫褴褛的；不整洁的；邋遢的 □ scruffily  adv.  □ scruffiness  n.   [scruff (variant of SCURF) + -Y1]

scrum /skrʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Rugby  an arrangement of the forwards of each team in two opposing groups, each with arms interlocked and heads down, with the ball thrown in between them to restart play 【英式橄榄球】并列争球 2 Brit. colloq.  a disorderly crowd [英口]混乱的人群 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down) Rugby  form a scrum 【英式橄榄球】并列争球 2 colloq.  jostle, crowd [口]挤；聚集 [abbreviation of SCRUMMAGE]

scrum-half n. Rugby  a half-back who puts the ball into the scrum 【英式橄榄球】并列争球前卫

scrummage /ˈskrʌmidʒ/ n. & v. Rugby 【英式橄榄球】  ●n.  = SCRUMn. 1  ●v. intr.  = SCRUMv. 1  □ scrummager  n.   [as SCRIMMAGE]

scrump /skrʌmp/ v. tr. Brit. colloq.  steal (fruit) from an orchard or garden [英口] (从果园或花园)偷(水果) [cf. SCRUMPY]

scrumple /ˈskrʌmp(ə)l/ v. tr. Brit.  crumple, wrinkle [英]弄皱；压皱；起皱 [variant of CRUMPLE]

scrumptious /ˈskrʌm(p)ʃəs/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  delicious 美味的；可口的 2  pleasing, delightful 令人高兴的；令人喜悦的 □ scrumptiously  adv.  □ scrumptiousness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

scrumpy /ˈskrʌmpi/ n. Brit. colloq.  rough cider, esp. as made in the West Country of England [英口] (尤指产于英格兰西部乡村的)烈性苹果酒 [dialect scrump ‘small apple’]

scrunch /skrʌn(t)ʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  make or become crushed or crumpled 压碎；使褶皱 2 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a crunching sound (使)发出喀嚓声 3 tr.  style (hair) by squeezing or crushing in the hands to give a tousled look 做发型(使头发看上去蓬松) ●n.  the act or an instance of scrunching 压碎；发出喀嚓声；做蓬松的发型 [variant of CRUNCH]

scrunch-dry v. tr.  dry (hair) while scrunching it (做蓬松发型时)吹干(头发)

scrunchy /ˈskrʌn(t)ʃi/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 scrunchie)  a circular band of fabric-covered elastic used for fastening the hair (带布饰的)发夹

scruple /ˈskru:p(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  regard to the morality or propriety of an action (对行为的道德或正当性的)考虑b  a feeling of doubt or hesitation caused by this 顾虑；犹豫 2 hist.  an apothecaries' weight of 20 grains [史义]英分(药衡重量单位，相当于 20 格令) 3 archaic  a very small quantity [古义]微量 ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.; usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  be reluctant because of scruples (由于顾虑等)不情愿；不愿意  did not scruple to stop their allowance  无所顾忌地中断了他们的津贴 2  feel or be influenced by scruples 顾虑；踌躇 [French scrupule or Latin scrupulus, from scrupus ‘rough pebble, anxiety’]

scrupulous /ˈskru:pjʊləs/ adj.  1  conscientious or thorough even in small matters 小心翼翼的；一丝不苟的；细致认真的 2  careful to avoid doing wrong 谨慎的(以避免错误) 3  punctilious; over-attentive to details 拘泥的；过于关注细节的 □ scrupulosity  /-ˈlɒsiti/ n.  □ scrupulously  adv.  □ scrupulousness  n.   [Middle English from French scrupuleux or Latin scrupulosus (as SCRUPLE)]

scrutineer /skru:tiˈniə/ n.  a person who scrutinizes or examines something, esp. Brit. the conduct and result of a ballot 检查者；[尤英]监票人

scrutinize /ˈskru:tinaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  look closely at; examine with close scrutiny 细看；细审 □ scrutinization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ scrutinizer  n.  

scrutiny /ˈskru:tini/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a critical gaze 审视 2  a close investigation or examination of details 仔细调查(或审查) 3  an official examination of ballot papers to check their validity or accuracy of counting 复查(以检查选票的有效性或计票的准确性) [Middle English from Latin scrutinium, via scrutari ‘search’ (originally ‘sort rubbish’) from scruta ‘rubbish’]

scry /skrai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  divine by crystal-gazing 用水晶球占卜 □ scryer  n.   [shortening of DESCRY]

scuba /ˈsku:bə, ˈskju:bə/ n. (pl. scubas)  an aqualung 水肺(潜水者使用的自携式水下呼吸器) [acronym from self-contained underwater breathing apparatus]

scuba-diving /ˈsku:bədaiviŋ, ˈskju:-/ n.  swimming underwater using a scuba, esp. as a sport (尤指作为运动的)戴水肺潜水 □ scuba-dive  v. intr.  □ scuba-diver  n.  

scud /skʌd/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (scudded, scudding)  1  fly or run straight, fast, and lightly; skim along 疾飞；飞奔；掠过 2 Naut.  run before the wind 【海】顺风疾驶 ●n.  1  a spell of scudding (一阵)飞奔；疾行 2  a scudding motion 疾飞(或飞奔)的动作 3  vapoury driving clouds 飘飞的云气 4  a driving shower; a gust 阵雨；阵风 5  wind-blown spray 飘飞的云沫 6 (usu. 通常作 Scud)  a type of long-range surface-to-surface guided missile originally developed in the former USSR (前苏联研制的)飞毛腿远程导弹 [perhaps alteration of SCUT, as if to race like a hare]

scuff /skʌf/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  graze or brush against 擦过；拖过 2 tr.  mark or wear down (shoes) in this way 拖(足)，以足擦(地) 3 intr.  walk with dragging feet; shuffle 拖足而行 ●n.  a mark made by scuffing (拖足而行擦出的)痕迹 [imitative]

scuffle /ˈskʌf(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a confused struggle or disorderly fight at close quarters 混战；扭打 ●v. intr.  engage in a scuffle 混战；扭打 [probably of Scandinavian origin: cf. Swedish skuffa ‘to push’, related to SHOVE]

sculduggery var.  of SKULDUGGERY  SKULDUGGERY 的变体

scull /skʌl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  either of a pair of small oars used by a single rower (双桨轻划艇的)短桨 2  an oar placed over the stern of a boat to propel it, usu. by a twisting motion (船的)尾橹 3  a small boat propelled with a scull or a pair of sculls 单(或双)桨轻划艇 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a race between boats with single pairs of oars 单人双桨赛艇比赛 ●v. tr.  propel (a boat) with sculls 用桨(或摇橹)划船 [Middle English: origin unknown]

sculler /ˈskʌlə/ n.  1  a user of sculls 划桨者；划船者 2  a boat intended for sculling 轻划艇

scullery /ˈskʌl(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a small kitchen or room at the back of a house for washing dishes etc. (餐具等的)洗涤室 [Middle English via Anglo-French squillerie, Old French escuelerie, from escuele ‘dish’ from Latin scutella ‘salver’, diminutive of scutra ‘wooden platter’]

scullion /ˈskʌliən/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a cook's boy 厨师下手；厨工 2  a person who washes dishes etc. 洗碗碟的人 [Middle English: origin unknown but perhaps influenced by scullery]

sculpin /ˈskʌlpin/ n.  any of numerous fish of the family Cottidae, native to non-tropical regions, having large spiny heads 杜父鱼；鲉(产于非热带地区，头大带刺) [perhaps from obsolete scorpene, via Latin scorpaena from Greek skorpaina, a kind of fish]

sculpt /skʌlpt/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 sculp)  sculpture 雕刻；雕塑 [French sculpter from sculpteur SCULPTOR: now regarded as a back-formation from SCULPTOR or SCULPTURE]

sculptor /ˈskʌlptə/ n. (fem. sculptress /-tris/)  an artist who makes sculptures 雕刻师；雕塑家 [Latin (as SCULPTURE)]

sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the art of making forms, often representational, in the round or in relief by chiselling stone, carving wood, modelling clay, casting metal, etc. 雕刻(或雕塑)艺术 2  a work or works of sculpture 雕刻(或雕塑)作品 3 Zool. & Bot.  raised or sunken markings on a shell etc. 【动】【植】刻纹 ●v.  1 tr.  represent in or adorn with sculpture 雕塑；雕刻 2 intr.  practise sculpture 从事雕刻(雕塑)艺术 □ sculptural  adj.  □ sculpturally  adv.  □ sculpturesque  adj.   [Middle English from Latin sculptura, from sculpere sculpt- ‘carve’]

scum /skʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a layer of dirt, froth, or impurities etc. forming at the top of liquid, esp. in boiling or fermentation (尤指煮沸或发酵时的)浮渣；浮垢；泡沫 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the most worthless part of something 最无价值的部分 3 colloq.  a worthless person or group. [口]无用之人；渣滓 ●v. (scummed, scumming)  1 tr.  remove scum from; skim 除去，撇去(浮渣、浮沫等) 2 tr.  be or form a scum on 形成浮沫(浮渣等) 3 intr. (of a liquid) develop scum (液体)起泡沫，起浮沫 □ scummy  adj. (scummier, scummiest)   [Middle English via Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schūm from Germanic]

scumbag /ˈskʌmbæɡ/ n. slang  a contemptible or disgusting person [俚语]卑鄙的人；卑劣的人

scumble /ˈskʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  modify (a painting) by applying a thin opaque coat of paint to give a softer or duller effect (画油画时)薄涂透明色彩 2  modify (a drawing) similarly with light pencilling etc. (画铅笔画、炭笔画等时)用铅笔涂擦 ●n.  1  material used in scumbling 薄涂材料 2  the effect produced by scumbling 薄涂效果 [perhaps frequentative of SCUM v.]

scuncheon /ˈskʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the inside face of a door jamb, window frame, etc. (门框或窗框的)边框内侧 [Middle English from Old French escoinson (as EX-1, COIN)]

scunge /skʌn(d)ʒ/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  1  dirt, scum 污物；浮渣；浮垢 2  a dirty or disagreeable person 卑劣的人；讨厌的人 □ scungy  adj. (scungier, scungiest)   [perhaps from English dialect scrunge ‘steal’: cf. SCROUNGE]

scunner /ˈskʌnə/ v. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●v. intr.  feel disgust or nausea 厌恶；反感 ●n.  1  a strong dislike (esp. 尤用于 take a scunner at or against 对…感到憎恶) 憎恶 2  an object of loathing 令人厌恶的东西 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

scupper1 /ˈskʌpə/ n.  a hole in a ship's side to carry off water from the deck 甲板排水孔 [Middle English (perhaps from Anglo-French) via Old French escopir from Romanic skuppire (unrecorded) ‘to spit’: originally imitative]

scupper2 /ˈskʌpə/ v. tr. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  sink (a ship or its crew) 使(船或船员)沉没 2  defeat or ruin (a plan etc.) 挫败(计划等) 3  kill 杀死 [19th c.: origin unknown]

scurf /skɜ:f/ n.  1  flakes on the surface of the skin, cast off as fresh skin develops below, esp. those of the head; dandruff 皮屑；(尤指)头皮屑 2  any scaly matter on a surface (表层上的)鳞状外皮 □ scurfy  adj.   [Old English, probably from Old Norse & earlier Old English sceorf, related to sceorfan ‘gnaw’, sceorfian ‘cut to shreds’]

scurrilous /ˈskʌriləs/ adj.  1 (of a person or language) grossly or indecently abusive (人或语言)用污言秽语的；污言秽语的 2  given to or expressed with low humour 用低级笑话表述的 □ scurrility  /-ˈriliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ scurrilously  adv.  □ scurrilousness  n.   [French scurrile or Latin scurrilus, from scurra ‘buffoon’]

scurry /ˈskʌri/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  run or move hurriedly, esp. with short quick steps; scamper (尤指步伐短促地)疾跑；疾走；奔跑 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or sound of scurrying 奔跑；疾行(或其声音) 2  bustle, haste 忙乱；喧扰 3  a flurry of rain or snow 阵雨；阵雪 [abbreviation of hurry-scurry, reduplication of HURRY]

scurvy /ˈskɜ:vi/ n. & adj. ●n.  a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, esp. formerly affecting sailors 坏血病(由缺乏维生素 C 引起，有牙龈出血或已愈合伤口复开等症状) ●adj. (scurvier, scurviest) archaic  dishonourable, contemptible [古义]卑鄙的；可鄙的 □ scurvied  adj.  □ scurvily  adv.   [SCURF + -Y1: noun sense by association with French scorbut (cf. SCORBUTIC)]

scurvy grass n.  any cresslike seaside plant of the genus Cochlearia, originally taken as a cure for scurvy (曾被认为对治疗坏血病有效)辣根菜；坏血病草

scut /skʌt/ n.  a short tail, esp. of a hare, rabbit, or deer (兔、鹿等的)短尾 [Middle English: origin unknown: cf. obsolete scut ‘short, shorten’]

scuta pl.  of SCUTUM  

scutage /ˈskju:tidʒ/ n. hist.  money paid by a feudal landowner instead of personal service [史义] (封建领主支付的)免服兵役税 [Middle English via medieval Latin scutagium from Latin scutum ‘shield’]

scutch /skʌtʃ/ v. tr.  dress (fibrous material, esp. retted flax) by beating 打(麻)；打(丝)；清(棉) □ scutcher  n.   [Old French escoucher, dialect variant of escousser, ultimately from Latin excutere excuss- (as EX-1, quatere ‘shake’)]

scutcheon /ˈskʌtʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  = ESCUTCHEON  2  an ornamented brass etc. plate round or over a keyhole (锁孔上的)装饰铜盖 3  a plate for a name or inscription (刻有姓名或其他文字的)铭牌 [Middle English from ESCUTCHEON]

scute /skju:t/ n. Zool. 【动】  = SCUTUM  [Latin (as SCUTUM)]

scutellum /skjʊˈteləm/ n. (pl. scutella /-lə/) Bot. & Zool.  a scale, plate, or any shieldlike formation on a plant, insect, bird, etc., esp. one of the horny scales on a bird's foot 【植】【动】盾状甲；(鸟足或昆虫的)角质鳞片 □ scutellate  /ˈskju:tələt/ adj.  □ scutellation  /skju:təˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin diminutive of Latin scutum ‘shield’]

scutter /ˈskʌtə/ v. & n. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●v. intr. colloq.  scurry [口]疾走；疾行 ●n.  the act or an instance of scuttering 疾走；疾行 [perhaps alteration of SCUTTLE2]

scuttle1 /ˈskʌt(ə)l/ n.  1  a receptacle for carrying and holding a small supply of coal 煤斗；煤桶 2 Brit.  the part of a motor car body between the windscreen and the bonnet [英] (汽车)车颈(驾驶室与引擎之间的部分) [Middle English via Old Norse skutill, Old High German scuzzila from Latin scutella ‘dish’]

scuttle2 /ˈskʌt(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  scurry; hurry along 急跑；疾行 2  run away; flee from danger or difficulty 躲避(困难)；逃脱(危险) ●n.  1  a hurried gait 急促的步态 2  a precipitate flight or departure (仓促的)逃离，逃脱 [cf. dialect scuddle, frequentative of SCUD]

scuttle3 /ˈskʌt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a hole with a lid in a ship's deck or side (有盖的)舱口；舷窗 ●v. tr.  let water into (a ship) to sink it, esp. by opening the seacocks (打开通海阀)使船沉没 [Middle English, perhaps via obsolete French escoutille from Spanish escotilla ‘hatchway’, diminutive of escota ‘the cutting out of cloth’]

scuttlebutt /ˈskʌt(ə)lbʌt/ n.  1  a water-butt on the deck of a ship, for drinking from (船甲板上的)饮水龙头 2 colloq.  rumour, gossip [口]谣言；闲语

scutum /ˈskju:təm/ n. (pl. scuta /-tə/)  each of the shieldlike plates or scales forming the bony covering of a crocodile, sturgeon, turtle, armadillo, etc. (鳄鱼、鲟、龟等的)鳞甲 □ scutal  adj.  □ scutate  adj.   [Latin, = oblong shield]

scuzzy /ˈskʌzi/ adj. slang  abhorrent or disgusting [俚语]令人厌恶的；令人憎恶的 □ scuzz  n.   [probably an abbreviation of DISGUSTING]

Scylla and Charybdis /ˌsilə(r) (ə)nd kəˈribdis/ n. pl.  two dangers such that avoidance of one increases the risk from the other 腹背受敌；进退维谷；左右为难 [the names of a sea monster and whirlpool in Greek mythology]

scyphozoan /saifəˈzəʊən, skaif-, skif-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine jellyfish of the class Scyphozoa, with tentacles bearing stinging cells 钵水母纲动物(触手上长有小刺) ●adj.  of or relating to this class 钵水母纲的 [as SCYPHUS + Greek zōion ‘animal’]

scyphus /ˈsaifəs/ n. (pl. scyphi /-fai/)  1 Gk Antiq.  a footless drinking cup with two handles below the level of the rim [古希腊]双耳无脚杯 2 Bot.  a cup-shaped part as in a narcissus flower or in lichens 【植】(水仙花或地衣的)杯状部 □ scyphose  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek skuphos]

scythe /saið/ n. & v. ●n.  a mowing and reaping implement with a long curved blade swung over the ground by a long pole with two short handles projecting from it 长柄大镰刀 ●v. tr.  cut with a scythe (用长柄大镰刀)割 [Old English sīthe, from Germanic]

Scythian /ˈsiðiən, ˈsiθ-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Scythia, a region north of the black Sea 西徐亚的(位于黑海北部) ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Scythia 西徐亚人 2  the language of this region 西徐亚语 [Latin Scythia from Greek Skuthia ‘Scythia’]

SD abbr. US  South Dakota (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]南达科他州(正式邮政用语)

S.Dak. abbr.  South Dakota [缩略]南达科他州

SDI abbr.  strategic defence initiative [缩略]战略防御计划

SDLP abbr. (in N. Ireland) Social Democratic and Labour Party [缩略] (北爱尔兰)社会民主工党

SDP abbr. hist. (in the UK) Social Democratic Party [缩略] [史义] (英国)社会民主党

SDR abbr.  special drawing right (from the International Monetary Fund) [缩略] (国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权

SE abbr. [缩略]  1  south-east  2  south-eastern 

Se symb. Chem.  the element selenium [符]【化】(化学元素)硒

se- /sə, si/ prefix  apart, without (seclude 隔离；隐居 ; secure 使安全) 脱离，远离；没有 [Latin from Old Latin se (prep. & adv.)]

sea /si:/ n.  1  the expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its land masses 海；海洋 2  any part of this as opposed to land or fresh water (与陆地或淡水相对的)海；海水 3  a particular (usu. named) tract of salt water partly or wholly enclosed by land (部分或全部被陆地包围的)内海  the North Sea  北海 the Dead Sea  死海 4  a large inland lake 大内陆湖  the Caspian Sea  里海 5  the waves of the sea, esp. with reference to their local motion or state 海浪(尤指当地的海面状况)  a choppy sea  波涛汹涌的海浪 6 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a vast quantity or expanse 大量；一大片  a sea of troubles  大量的麻烦事 a sea of faces  无数的面孔 7 (作 attrib.)  living or used in, on, or near the sea (often prefixed to the name of a marine animal, plant, etc., having a superficial resemblance to what it is named after) (经常作为前缀加于海洋动、植物名称之前)在海中(或海边)生活的；在海上使用的  sea lettuce  海莴苣 □ at sea   1  in a ship on the sea 在海上 2 (also 亦作 all at sea)  perplexed, confused 困惑；茫然不解□ by sea   in a ship or ships 乘船□ go to sea   become a sailor 当海员□ on the sea   1  in a ship at sea 在海上 2  situated on the coast 在海岸上□ put (or put out) to sea   leave land or port 启航；出海 [Old English sœ, from Germanic]

sea anchor n.  a device such as a heavy bag dragged in the water to retard the drifting of a ship 浮锚；海锚

sea anemone n.  any of various coelenterates of the order Actiniaria having a polypoid body bearing a ring of tentacles around the mouth 海葵(身体呈水螅状，嘴部长有一圈触须)

sea-angel n.  an angelfish 扁鲨

sea bass  see 见 BASS2 3 

seabed /ˈsi:bed/ n.  the ground under the sea; the ocean floor 海底；海床

seabird /ˈsi:bɜ:d/ n.  a bird frequenting the sea or the land near the sea 海鸟

seaboard /ˈsi:bɔ:d/ n.  1  the seashore or coastal region 海岸；海滨地区 2  the line of a coast 海岸线

seaborgium /si:ˈbɔ:ɡiəm/ n. Chem. (a name proposed for) the artificial radioactive element of atomic number 106 (symbol 符 Sg) 【化】(人造放射性元素) [左“钅”右“喜”] [named after G. Seaborg, US physicist b. 1912]

seaborne /ˈsi:bɔ:n/ adj.  transported by sea 海运的

sea bream  see 见 BREAM1 2 

sea breeze n.  a breeze blowing towards the land from the sea, esp. during the day (cf. 参见 LAND BREEZE) (尤指白天从大海吹向陆地的)海风

sea buckthorn n.  a maritime shrub, Hippophae rhamnoides, with orange berries 沙棘(结橙色浆果)

sea change n.  a notable or unexpected transformation (with reference to Shakespeare's Tempest I. ii. 403) 重大的转变；出乎意料的转变(出自莎士比亚《暴风雨》)

sea-chest n.  a sailor's storage-chest 水手柜

sea coal n. archaic  mineral coal, as distinct from charcoal etc. [古义] (与木炭相对的)煤

seacock /ˈsi:kɒk/ n.  a valve below a ship's waterline for letting water in or out 通海旋塞；海水阀

sea cow n.  a sirenian, esp. a manatee 海牛目动物(尤指海牛)

sea cucumber n.  a holothurian, esp. a bêche-de-mer 海参纲动物(尤指海参)

sea dog n.  an old or experienced sailor 老水手；经验丰富的水手

sea eagle n.  any fish-eating eagle esp. of the genus Haliaeetus 海雕(以鱼为食)

sea-ear n.  = ORMER 

sea elephant n.  = ELEPHANT SEAL 

sea fan n.  any colonial coral of the order Gorgonacea supported by a fanlike horny skeleton 柳珊瑚

seafarer /ˈsi:fɛərə/ n.  1  a sailor 海员，水手 2  a traveller by sea 乘船旅行者

seafaring /ˈsi:fɛəriŋ/ adj. & n.  travelling by sea, esp. regularly (尤指定期)乘船旅行的

seafood /ˈsi:fu:d/ n.  edible sea fish or shellfish 海鲜；海产食物

seafront /ˈsi:frʌnt/ n.  the part of a coastal town etc. directly facing the sea (城镇的)滨海区

sea-girt adj. literary  surrounded by sea [文学用语]被海环绕的，大海环抱的

seagoing /ˈsi:ɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1 (of ships) fit for crossing the sea (船只)适合海上航行的 2 (of a person) seafaring (人)海上旅行的；航海的

sea gooseberry n.  any ctenophore (coelenterate) with an ovoid body bearing numerous cilia 侧腕水母

sea green n. & adj. ●n.  a bluish green (as of the sea) 海绿色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 海绿色的

seagull /ˈsi:ɡʌl/ n.  = GULL1 

sea hare n.  any sea slug of the order Anaspidea, esp. of the genus Aplysia, having an internal shell and long extensions from its foot 海兔(长有内壳，脚特别长)

sea holly n.  a spiny-leaved blue-flowered evergreen plant, Eryngium maritimum 海滨刺芹(常青植物，叶片呈刺状，开蓝花)

sea horse n.  1  any of various small upright marine fish of the family Syngnathidae, esp. Hippocampus hippocampus, having a body suggestive of the head and neck of a horse 海马；龙落子(长有马状头颈) 2  a mythical creature with a horse's head and fish's tail (神话传说中的)马头鱼尾的怪兽

sea-island cotton n.  a fine-quality long-stapled cotton grown on islands off the southern US (美国南部地区海岛上产的优质)海岛棉

seajack /ˈsi:dʒæk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  hijack at sea 海上劫持 ●n.  an act of seajacking 海上劫持 □ seajacker  n.  

seakale /ˈsi:keil/ n.  a cruciferous maritime plant, Crambe maritima, having coarsely toothed leaves and used as a vegetable 海甘蓝(可作为蔬菜，长有齿状叶片)

seakale beet n.  = CHARD 

seal1 /si:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of wax, lead, paper, etc., with a stamped design, attached to a document as a guarantee of authenticity (带印章的蜡、铅、纸等)封记(封住文件以确保真实) 2  a similar material attached to a receptacle, envelope, etc., affording security by having to be broken to allow access to the contents (容器、信封等的)封蜡；封铅；封条 3  an engraved piece of metal, gemstone, etc., for stamping a design on a seal 印章；图章 4  a  a substance or device used to close an aperture or act as a fastening 密封物b  an amount of water standing in the trap of a drain to prevent foul air from rising (下水道以防臭味溢出的)弯管水 5  an act, gesture, or event regarded as a confirmation or guarantee 确认(或保证)行为，手势，事件  gave her seal of approval to the venture  她对冒险行动表示了赞同 6  a significant or prophetic mark 标志；征兆  has the seal of death in his face  他脸上显出必死的征兆 7  a decorative adhesive stamp 装饰性粘胶印记 8 esp. Eccl.  a vow of secrecy; an obligation to silence (尤)【教会】严守秘密的誓约；严守秘密的责任 ●v. tr.  1  close securely or hermetically 密封 2  stamp or fasten with a seal 盖章；封印 3  fix a seal to 给…加上密封条 4  certify as correct with a seal or stamp (用封条或印章)证明(无误) 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  confine or fasten securely (安全无误地)密封 6  settle or decide 确定；决定；注定  their fate is sealed  他们的命运已经注定了 7 (foll. by 后跟 off)  put barriers round (an area) to prevent entry and exit, esp. as a security measure (尤指作为安全措施)设障碍(以防进出) 8  apply a non-porous coating to (a surface) to make it impervious (在表面)敷上无孔隙层(防止渗透) □ one's lips are sealed   one is obliged to keep a secret 有责任保守秘密□ set one's seal to (or on)   authorize or confirm 批准；确认□ sealable  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French seal, Old French seel from Latin sigillum, diminutive of signum SIGN]

seal2 /si:l/ n. & v. ●n.  any fish-eating amphibious sea mammal of the family Phocidae or Otariidae, with flippers and webbed feet 海豹(以鱼为食，长有鳍状肢和蹼足) ●v. intr.  hunt for seals 捕猎海豹 [Old English seolh seol-, from Germanic]

sealant /ˈsi:lənt/ n.  material for sealing, esp. to make something airtight or watertight (尤指不透气或不透水的)密封材料

sea lavender n.  any maritime plant of the genus Limonium, with small brightly coloured funnel-shaped flowers 匙叶草(一种海草，开颜色鲜艳的漏斗形小花)

sealed-beam attrib. adj.  designating a vehicle headlamp with a sealed unit consisting of the light source, reflector, and lens (车灯)密封光束的

sealed book n.  = CLOSED BOOK 

sealed orders n. pl.  orders for procedure not to be opened before a specified time (在指定时间之前不可启封的)密封命令

sea legs n. pl.  the ability to keep one's balance and avoid seasickness when at sea (在海上)保持平衡(和不晕船)的能力

sealer1 /ˈsi:lə/ n.  1  a device or substance used for making esp. a hermetic or an impervious seal (尤指使封口密封无渗透的)密封器；封口机；密封物 2 (in full 全称 sealer jar) Canad.  a jar designed to preserve fruit etc. [加] (水果等的)保鲜坛

sealer2 /ˈsi:lə/ n.  a ship or person engaged in hunting seals 海豹猎船；猎海豹的人

sealery /ˈsi:ləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place for hunting seals 海豹猎场

sea level n.  the mean level of the sea's surface, used in reckoning the height of hills etc. and as a barometric standard 海平面(作为测量标准，用于计算山的高度)

sea lily n.  any sessile echinoderm of the class Crinoidea, with long jointed stalks and feather-like arms for trapping food 海百合(茎长呈节状，长有羽毛状枝叶猎捕食物)

sealing wax n.  a mixture of shellac and rosin with turpentine and pigment, softened by heating and used to make seals 封蜡；火漆(用虫胶和松香加松脂和色素混制而成，加热时会软化，用于封口)

sea lion n.  any large, eared seal of the Pacific, esp. of the genus Zalophus or Otaria (太平洋中的任一大型)海狗，(尤指)海狮

sea loch n.  = LOCH 2 

Sea Lord n. (in the UK) either of two senior naval officers (First Sea Lord 海军部第一军事委员, Second Sea Lord 海军部第二军事委员) serving originally as members of the Admiralty Board (now of the Ministry of Defence) (英国)海军军务大臣(原为英国海军部大臣；现为英国国防部大臣)

sealpoint /ˈsi:lpɔint/ n.  1  a dark brown marking on the fur of one type of Siamese cat (暹罗猫皮毛上的)深褐色斑点 2  such a cat 暹罗猫 [SEAL2]

seal ring n.  a finger ring with a seal 图章戒指

sealskin /ˈsi:lskin/ n.  1  the skin or prepared fur of a seal 海豹皮 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a garment made from this 海豹皮大衣

seals of office n. pl. (in the UK) seals (see 见 SEAL1 n. 3) held during tenure, esp. by the Lord Chancellor or a Secretary of State, and symbolizing the office held (英国) (尤指主持上院等的大法官或国务大臣任期内所掌管的)公章

Sealyham /ˈsi:liəm/ n. (in full 全称 Sealyham terrier)  1  a terrier of a wire-haired short-legged breed 锡利哈姆猎犬(一种毛硬腿短的猎犬) 2  this breed 锡利哈姆种犬 [Sealyham, a village in SW Wales, where the dog was first bred]

seam /si:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line where two edges join, esp. of two pieces of cloth etc. turned back and stitched together, or of boards fitted edge to edge (尤指两块布相接处各自将边反折后缝在一起的)缝；线缝 2  a fissure between parallel edges 裂缝 3  a wrinkle or scar 皱纹；疤痕 4  a stratum of coal etc. 地层(或煤层等) ●v. tr.  1  join with a seam 缝合；接缝；连缝 2 (esp. as 尤作 seamed adj.)  mark or score with or as with a seam 使留下伤疤；使生皱纹 □ bursting at the seams   full to overflowing 溢出的□ seamer  n.   [Old English sēam, from Germanic]

seaman /ˈsi:mən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a sailor, esp. one below the rank of officer 水手；(尤指没有军衔的)水兵 2  a person regarded in terms of skill in navigation (就航海技术而论的)船员，海员  a poor seaman  航海技术差的船员 □ seamanlike  adj.  □ seamanly  adj.   [Old English sœˉman (as SEA, MAN)]

seamanship /ˈsi:mənʃip/ n.  skill in managing a ship or boat 航海技能

Seamas /ˈʃeiməs/   谢默斯 [人名]

seam bowler n. Cricket  a bowler who makes the ball deviate by bouncing off its seam 【板球】曲线球投手

sea mile n.  a unit of length varying between approx. 2,014 yards (1,842 metres) at the equator and 2,035 yards (1,861 metres) at the pole 海里(在赤道为 1842 米，在极地为 1861 米)

seamless /ˈsi:mlis/ adj.  1  without a seam or seams 无缝的 2  uninterrupted, smooth 平滑的 □ seamlessly  adv. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

sea mouse n.  any marine annelid worm of the genus Aphrodite, with a broad iridescent body 鳞沙蚕(一种海虫)

seamstress /ˈsi:mstris/ n. (also 亦作 sempstress)  a woman who sews, esp. professionally; a needlewoman (尤指职业的)女裁缝；女缝工 [Old English sēamestre, fem. from sēamere ‘tailor’, formed as SEAM + -STER + -ESS1]

Seamus /ˈʃeiməs/   谢默斯 [人名]

seamy /ˈsi:mi/ adj. (seamier, seamiest)  1  marked with or showing seams 有线缝的；有裂缝的 2  sordid, disreputable (esp. 尤用于 the seamy side 阴暗面) 卑鄙的；可耻的 □ seaminess  n.  

Sean /ʃɔ:n/   肖恩 [人名]

Seanad /ˈʃænəð, -d/ n.  the upper House of Parliament in the Republic of Ireland (爱尔兰共和国的)议会上院 [Irish, = senate]

seance /ˈseiɑ:ns, -ɒ˜s, -ɒns/ n. (also 亦作 séance)  a meeting at which spiritualists attempt to make contact with the dead 降神会(鬼神附体者试图与死者通话的集会) [French séance via Old French seoir from Latin sedēre ‘sit’]

sea onion n.  = SQUILL 2 

sea otter n.  a marine otter, Enhydra lutris, of N. Pacific coasts, noted for using a stone balanced on its abdomen to crack open bivalve molluscs 海獭(产于太平洋北部海岸，通常在腹部上放一石子以敲开双壳贝类)

sea pen n.  a colonial hydroid of the order Pennatulacea, resembling a quill pen 海笔；海鳃

sea pink n.  a maritime plant, Armeria maritima, with bright pink flowers Also called 亦称作 THRIFT 海石竹(开鲜艳的粉红色花朵)

seaplane /ˈsi:plein/ n.  an aircraft designed to take off from and land and float on water (在水面上起飞、飞行和降落的)水上飞机

seaport /ˈsi:pɔ:t/ n.  a town with a harbour for seagoing ships 海港；海港城市

sea purse n.  = MERMAID'S PURSE 

SEAQ abbr. (in the UK) Stock Exchange Automated Quotations (computerized access to share information) (英国)股票交易自动报价(通过计算机自动提供股市信息)

seaquake /ˈsi:kweik/ n.  an earthquake under the sea 海底地震

sear /siə/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  a  scorch, esp. with a hot iron; cauterize, brand (尤指用烙铁)烫焦；烧蚀；打烙印b (as 作 searing adj.)  scorching, burning 灼焦的；烧灼的  searing pain  烧灼的疼痛 2  cause (esp. emotional) pain or great anguish to (尤指精神上)使遭受巨大痛苦 3  brown (meat) quickly at a high temperature so that it will retain its juices in cooking 轻烤(肉) (指用高温快速烤肉使之保持水分) 4  make (one's conscience, feelings, etc.) no longer sensitive 使(良心、情感等)麻木 5 archaic  blast, wither [古义]干枯；枯萎 ●adj. (also 亦作 sere) literary (esp. of a plant etc.) withered, dried up [文学用语] (尤指植物等)枯萎的；干枯的 [Old English sēar (adj.), sēarian (v.), from Germanic]

search /sɜ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  look through or go over thoroughly to find something 搜寻；搜索；搜查 2 tr.  examine or feel over (a person) to find anything concealed 搜身 3 tr.  a  probe or penetrate into 探求；探察b  examine or question (one's mind, conscience, etc.) thoroughly 详查，审查(某人的思想、良知等) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a search or investigation 搜寻；搜查 5 intr. (as 作 searching adj.) (of an examination) thorough; leaving no loopholes (检查)彻底的；无疏漏的 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  look probingly for; seek out 查出，找出 ●n.  1  an act of searching 搜寻；搜查；搜索 2  an investigation 调查 □ in search of   trying to find 寻找；搜寻□ search me!  colloq.  I do not know [口]我不知道□ searchable  adj.  □ searcher  n.  □ searchingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French sercher, Old French cerchier from Late Latin circare ‘go round’ (as CIRCUS)]

search engine n. Computing  a program for the retrieval of data, files, etc. from a database or network 【计算】搜索引擎(从数据库或网络中搜取数据、文件等的程序)

searchlight /ˈsɜ:tʃlait/ n.  1  a powerful outdoor electric light with a concentrated beam that can be turned in any direction 探照灯 2  the light or beam from this 探照灯光束

search party n.  a group of people organized to look for a lost person or thing (寻找丢失的人或物的)搜索队

search warrant n.  an official authorization to enter and search a building 搜查证

sea room n.  clear space at sea for a ship to turn or manoeuvre in (海中可供海轮转向或活动的)宽广海域

sea salt n.  salt produced by evaporating sea water 海盐

seascape /ˈsi:skeip/ n.  a picture or view of the sea 海景；海景画

Sea Scout n. (esp. in the UK) a member of the maritime branch of the Scout Association (尤指英国)童子军航海分部的成员

sea serpent n.  1  an enormous legendary serpent-like sea monster (传说中巨大的)海蛇怪 2  = SEA SNAKE 1 

sea shanty  see 见 SHANTY2 

seashell /ˈsi:ʃel/ n.  the shell of a salt-water mollusc 海贝壳

seashore /ˈsi:ʃɔ:/ n.  1  land close to or bordering on the sea 海滨；海滩 2 Law  the area between high and low water marks 【法律】高潮线和低潮线之间的地带

seasick /ˈsi:sik/ adj.  suffering from sickness or nausea from the motion of a ship at sea 晕船的 □ seasickness  n.  

seaside /ˈsi:said/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the sea coast, esp. as a holiday resort (尤指作为度假胜地的)海滨；海滩

sea slug n.  a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc, esp. of the order Nudibranchia, with external gills 裸鳃亚目软体动物

sea snail n.  1  a small slimy fish of the family Cyclopteridae, with a ventral sucker, esp. Liparis liparis of the NE Atlantic 狮子鱼(产于大西洋东北部的一种小海鱼) 2  any spiral-shelled marine mollusc, e.g. a whelk 螺旋壳贝类(如海螺)

sea snake n.  1  a venomous tropical marine snake of the family Hydrophidae 海蛇 2  = SEA SERPENT 1 

season /ˈsi:z(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) associated with a type of weather and a stage of vegetation 季节 2  a time of year characterized by climatic or other features (具有气象或其他特征的)时节，时期  the dry season  旱季 3  a  the time of year when a plant is mature or flowering etc. (植物的)成熟期；开花期b  the time of year when an animal breeds or is hunted (动物的)交配期，繁殖期；狩猎期 4  a proper or suitable time 合宜的时间 5  a time when something is plentiful or active or in vogue 当令期；活跃期；流行期 6 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  = HIGH SEASON  7  the time of year regularly devoted to an activity (一年中常规性进行某项活动的)活动季节  the football season  足球赛季 8  the time of year dedicated to social life generally 社交繁忙季节  went up to London for the season  去伦敦过社交季 9  a period of indefinite or varying length (长短不确定的)一段时间 10 Brit. colloq. [英口]  = SEASON TICKET  ●v.  1 tr.  flavour (food) with salt, herbs, etc. (给食品)加调料，调味 2 tr.  enhance with wit, excitement, etc. 给…增添趣味等 3 tr.  temper or moderate 缓和；节制 4 tr. & intr.  a  make or become suitable or in the desired condition, esp. by exposure to the air or weather; mature 使适应(要求的条件；尤指气侯等)；使成熟b  make or become experienced or accustomed 使有经验；习惯于  seasoned soldiers  经验丰富的士兵 □ in season   1 (of foodstuff) available in plenty and in good condition (水果、蔬菜等)当令的 2 (of an animal) on heat (动物)在发情 3  timely 合时宜的；适时的 [Middle English via Old French seson from Latin satio -onis (in Romanic sense ‘seed-time’) from serere sat- ‘to sow’]

seasonable /ˈsi:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of weather) suitable to or usual in the season (天气)合适的；符合时令的  the rain was seasonable if unwelcome  这雨虽说不受欢迎但却符合时令 2  coming at the right time, opportune; meeting the needs of the occasion 及时的；合时宜的  seasonable advice  合时宜的建议 □ seasonableness  n.  □ seasonably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Seasonable, meaning ‘suitable; opportune’, should not be confused with the (more common) word seasonal meaning, ‘of or relating to the seasons’. 单词 seasonable 的含义是“合适的；适时的”，而(更常见的) seasonal 的含义是“季节的”，这两个词不应混淆。 

seasonal /ˈsi:z(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the seasons of the year or some other temporal cycle; characteristic of or dependent on a particular season; varying with season 季节的；季节性的；随季节变化的  seasonal changes  季节性变化 seasonal work  季节性工作 □ seasonality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ seasonally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SEASONABLE. 见 SEASONABLE 的用法说明。 

seasonal affective disorder n.  a depressive state associated with late autumn and winter and thought to be caused by a lack of light 季节性情感精神病(常发于晚秋和冬季，被认为是由光线暗淡引起)

seasoning /ˈsi:z(ə)niŋ/ n.  condiments added to food 调味品；佐料

season ticket n.  a ticket entitling the holder to any number of journeys, admittances, etc., in a given period 季票；月票(持有者在规定期间可随意乘车、入场等)

sea squirt n.  any marine tunicate of the class Ascidiacea, having a bag-like body with orifices through which water flows into and out of a central pharynx 被囊动物(身体呈囊状，上有小孔，收缩时能喷水)

seat /si:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing made or used for sitting on; a chair, stool, saddle, etc. 座，座位(指椅子、凳子、马鞍等) 2  the buttocks 臀部 3  the part of the trousers etc. covering the buttocks (裤子等的)臀部 4  the part of a chair etc. on which the sitter's weight directly rests (椅子等的)坐部 5  the part of a thing on which it rests; the base (物体的)基座 6  a place for one person in a theatre, vehicle, etc. (剧院、车辆等中的)座位 7  the occupation of a seat 占座位 8 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  the right to occupy a seat, esp. as a Member of the House of Commons (尤指下院议员的)席位b  a member's constituency (议员的)选区 9  the part of a machine that supports or guides another part (机器的)座接 10  a site or location of something specified 场所；位置  a seat of learning  学府 the seat of the emotions  感情之所在 11  a country mansion, esp. with large grounds 别墅；宅邸 12  the manner of sitting on a horse etc. (骑马的)骑姿 ●v. tr.  1  cause to sit 使就坐 2  a  provide sitting accommodation for 提供座位；(空间)可容…人  the cinema seats 500  电影院可容 500 人b  provide with seats 供以座位 3 (as 作 seated adj.)  sitting 坐着的 4  put or fit in position (安装)固定在底座上 □ be seated   sit down 坐下□ by the seat of one's pants  colloq.  by instinct rather than logic or knowledge [口]凭直觉(而不是靠逻辑或知识)□ take a (or one's) seat   sit down 就坐，坐下□ seatless  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse sœti (= Old English gesete from Germanic)]

seat belt n.  a belt securing a person in the seat of a motor vehicle or aircraft (汽车或飞机座椅上的)安全带

-seater /ˈsi:tə/ comb. form  denoting a vehicle, sofa, building, etc. with a specified number of seats (a 16-seater bus 16 座公共汽车) [构词成分]表示(车辆、沙发、建筑等的)座位数量

seating /ˈsi:tiŋ/ n.  1  seats collectively (总称)座位 2  sitting accommodation 座位安排

SEATO /ˈsi:təʊ/ abbr.  South-East Asia Treaty Organization [缩略]东南亚条约组织

sea trout n.  1  a large silvery fish of a migratory race of the trout, Salmo trutta ; also called 亦称作 SALMON TROUT 欧鳟 海鳟 2 US  an unrelated marine fish of the genus Cynoscion [美]犬牙石首属鱼

Seattle /siˈætl/ n.  西雅图 [美国港市]

sea urchin n.  a small marine echinoderm of the class Echinoidea, with a spherical or flattened spiny shell 海胆(长有球状刺壳)

sea wall n.  a wall or embankment erected to prevent encroachment by the sea 海堤，防波堤

seaward /ˈsi:wəd/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv. (also 亦作 seawards)  towards the sea 朝海，面海 ●adj.  going or facing towards the sea 朝海的；面海的 ●n.  such a direction or position 朝海的方向(或位置)

sea wasp n.  an Indo-Pacific jellyfish of the order Cubomedusae, with a dangerous sting 立方水母(产于印太平洋，长有毒刺)

sea water n.  water in or taken from the sea 海水

seaway /ˈsi:wei/ n.  1  an inland waterway open to seagoing ships 海道(供海轮通航的内陆水道) 2  a ship's progress 船的行进 3  a ship's path across the sea 海上航道

seaweed /ˈsi:wi:d/ n.  any large alga growing in the sea or on rocks below the high water mark; such plants collectively 海藻；海草；海菜

seaworthy /ˈsi:wɜ:ði/ adj. (esp. of a ship) fit to put to sea (尤指船舶)适航的 □ seaworthiness  n.  

Seb /seb/   塞布 [人名]

sebaceous /siˈbeiʃəs/ adj.  fatty; of or relating to tallow or fat 脂肪的；油脂的 [Latin sebaceus from sebum ‘tallow’]

sebaceous gland n. (also 亦作 sebaceous follicle or sebaceous duct)  a gland etc. secreting or conveying oily matter to lubricate the skin and hair 皮脂腺(分泌并输送油脂以滋润皮肤和毛发)

Sebastian /siˈbæstjən/   塞巴斯蒂安 [人名]

seborrhoea /sebəˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] seborrhea) Med.  excessive discharge of sebum from the sebaceous glands 【医】皮脂溢 □ seborrhoeic  adj.   [SEBUM + -rrhoea from Greek rhoia ‘flux, flow’]

sebum /ˈsi:bəm/ n.  the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands (皮脂腺的)皮脂 [modern Latin from Latin sebum ‘grease’]

Sec. abbr. [缩略]  secretary 

sec1 /sek/ abbr. [缩略]  secant 

sec2 /sek/ n. colloq. (in phrs. 用于短语)  a second (of time) [口]片刻；瞬间 [abbreviation]

sec3 /sek/ adj. (of wine) dry (酒)不甜的，味淡的 [French from Latin siccus]

sec. abbr. [缩略]  second(s) 

secant /ˈsi:k(ə)nt, ˈsek-/ adj. & n. Math. 【数】  ●adj.  cutting 正割的  secant line  正割线 ●n.  1  a line cutting a curve at one or more points 正割线 2  the ratio of the hypotenuse to the shorter side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) (abbr. 缩略 : sec) 正割(直角三角形中斜边与锐角邻边的比率) [French sécant(e) from Latin secare secant- ‘to cut’]

secateurs /sekəˈtɜ:z, ˈsekətɜ:z/ n. pl. esp. Brit.  a pair of pruning clippers for use with one hand [尤英]整枝剪，修枝剪 [French sécateur ‘cutter’, formed irregularly from Latin secare ‘to cut’]

secco /ˈsekəʊ/ n.  the technique of painting on dry plaster with pigments mixed in water 干壁画法 [Italian, = dry, from Latin siccus]

secede /siˈsi:d/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  withdraw formally from membership of a political federation or a religious body (从政治联盟或宗教组织)退出，脱离 □ seceder  n.   [Latin secedere secess- (as SE-, cedere ‘go’)]

secession /siˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of seceding 退出；脱离 2 (作 Secession) hist.  the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the US Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War [史义]脱离联邦 (1860 年美国南方 11 个州脱离联邦，从而导致了南北战争) □ secessional  adj.  □ secessionism  n.  □ secessionist  n.   [French sécession or Latin secessio (as SECEDE)]

seclude /siˈklu:d/ v. tr. (also 亦作 refl.)  1  keep (a person or place) retired or away from company 使孤独；使隔离；使隐居 2 (esp. as 尤作 secluded adj.)  hide or screen from view 隐藏；隐退 [Middle English from Latin secludere seclus- (as SE-, claudere ‘shut’)]

seclusion /siˈklu:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a secluded state; retirement, privacy 隔绝；隐居，隐退 2  a secluded place 隐蔽的地方；僻静的地方 □ seclusionist  n.  □ seclusive  /-siv/ adj.   [medieval Latin seclusio (as SECLUDE)]

second1 /ˈsek(ə)nd/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 2 in the sequence 1 － 2 第二 2  something occupying this position 名列第二的事物 3  the second person etc. in a race or competition (比赛或竞赛的)第二名 4 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning two consecutive notes in the diatonic scale 二度音程 (e.g. 如 C to D)b  a note separated from another by this interval 被二度音程分隔开的音符 5  = SECOND GEAR  6  another person or thing in addition to one previously mentioned or considered (除前面所提的人或物之外的)另一人；另一物  the policeman was then joined by a second  然后，又来了一个警察 7 (in pl. 用复数)  a  goods of a second or inferior quality 二等货；次品b  coarse flour, or bread made from it 粗面粉；粗面粉面包 8 (in pl. 用复数) colloq. [口]  a  a second helping of food at a meal 添菜b  the second course of a meal 第二道菜 9  an attendant assisting a combatant in a duel, boxing match, etc. (决斗、拳击比赛等中的)助手 10 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a place in the second class of an examination (考试)名列第二b  a person having this 考第二名的人 ●adj.  1  that is the second; next after first 第二的 2  additional, further; other besides one previously mentioned or considered (除前面已提及的之外的)另一个；又一个  ate a second cake  又吃了一块蛋糕 3  subordinate in position or importance etc.; inferior 副的；从属的；次要的 4 Mus.  performing a lower or subordinate part 【音】第二声部的  second violins  第二声部小提琴 5  such as to be comparable to; closely reminiscent of 相似的；相当的  a second Callas  卡拉斯第二 ●v. tr.  1  supplement, support; back up 补充；支持 2  formally support or endorse (a nomination or resolution etc., or its proposer) 赞成，同意(提名、决议或提议人) □ at second hand   by hearsay, not direct observation etc. 间接得知的；听说的；非亲眼所见的□ in the second place   as a second consideration etc. 第二；其次□ second to none   surpassed by no other 最优秀的□ seconder  n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)  附议者，支持者；赞同者 [Middle English via Old French from Latin secundus, from sequi ‘follow’]

second2 /ˈsek(ə)nd/ n.  1  a sixtieth of a minute of time (symbol 符 s or "), which as the SI unit of time is defined in terms of the natural periodicity of the radiation of a caesium-133 atom 秒 (1 分钟的 1/60) 2 colloq.  a very short time [口]片刻，瞬间  wait a second  稍等片刻 3  a sixtieth of a minute of angular distance (symbol 符 ") 秒 (1 度角的 1/60) [French from medieval Latin secunda (minuta) ‘secondary (minute)’, being the result of dividing by sixty for a second time]

second3 /siˈkɒnd/ v. tr. Brit.  transfer (a military officer or other official or worker) temporarily to other employment or to another position [英]临时调任；临时调派(军官、其他官员或工人) □ secondee  /-ˈdi:/ n.  □ secondment  n.   [French en second ‘in the second rank’ (of officers)]

second advent n.  = SECOND COMING 

secondary /ˈsek(ə)nd(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  coming after or next below what is primary 第二的；第二位的 2  derived from or depending on or supplementing what is primary 从属性的；辅助性的 3 (of education, a school, etc.) for those who have had primary education, usu. from 11 to 18 years (教育、学校等)中学的(学生通常为 11 到 18 岁) 4 Electr. 【电】  a (of a cell or battery) having a reversible chemical reaction and therefore able to store energy (电池或蓄电池)可蓄电的b  denoting a device using electromagnetic induction, esp. a transformer (尤指变压器)产生感应电流的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a secondary thing 次要的事物 2  a secondary device or current 附属设备；次级电流 □ secondarily  adv.  □ secondariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin secundarius (as SECOND1)]

secondary colour n.  a colour resulting from the mixing of two primary colours (两种原色混合而成的)合成色；间色

secondary feather n.  a feather growing from the second joint of a bird's wing (鸟翅的)次级飞羽

secondary picketing n. Brit.  the picketing of premises of a firm not otherwise involved in the dispute in question [英]次级纠察线(在没有卷入罢工或抗议纠纷的公司生产场所设立纠察线)

secondary planet n.  a satellite of a planet (cf. 参见 PRIMARY PLANET) 卫星

secondary rainbow n.  an additional arch with the colours in reverse order sometimes seen inside or outside a rainbow by twofold reflection and twofold refraction 副彩虹

secondary sexual characteristics n. pl.  physical characteristics developed at puberty (青春期时的)第二性征，副性征

second ballot n.  a deciding ballot between candidates coming first (without an absolute majority) and second in a previous ballot (首轮投票中未超过半数票的第一名与第二名之间的)决选投票，二次投票

second-best adj. & n. ●adj.  next after best 居第二位者，仅次于第一者 ●n.  a less adequate or desirable alternative 二等角色；二等货色

second cause n. Logic  a cause that is itself caused 【逻辑学】次因；自(身原)因

second chamber n.  the upper house of a bicameral parliament (两院制的)上院

second childhood n.  a person's dotage 第二童年，老年昏聩时期

second class n.  1  a set of persons or things grouped together as second-best 二流人员；二等品 2  the second-best accommodation in a train, ship, etc. (火车、轮船等的)二等舱 3  a (in the UK) the class of mail not given priority in handling (英国)第二类邮件(投递慢于第一类邮件)b (in N. America) a class of mail for the handling of newspapers and periodicals (北美)二类邮件(指报纸和期刊) 4  a  the second highest division in a list of examination results (考试成绩中)第二名的b  a place in this 位列第二的成绩

second-class adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of or belonging to or travelling by the second class 乙级的；二等的；(车、船旅行)二等舱的 2  inferior in quality, status, etc. 次等的，次级的  second-class citizens  二等公民 ●adv.  by second class 乘坐二等车(或舱)的  travelled second-class  坐二等舱旅行

second coming n. Theol.  the future return of Christ to earth 【神】基督再临(人间)

second cousin  see 见 COUSIN 

second-degree adj. Med.  denoting burns that cause blistering but not permanent scars 【医】(烧伤)二度的

seconde /səˈkɒ˜d/ n. Fencing  the second of eight parrying positions 【击剑】 (8 种击剑防守姿势的)第 2 种姿势 [French, fem. of second SECOND1]

second fiddle  see 见 FIDDLE 

second floor n.  1 Brit.  the floor two levels above the ground floor [英]三楼 2 N. Amer.  the floor above the ground floor [北美]二楼

second gear n.  the second (and next to lowest) in a sequence of gears (变速器的)第二挡，二挡齿轮

second-generation adj.  denoting the offspring of a first generation, esp. of immigrants 第二代；(尤指)第一代移民的后代

second-guess v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  anticipate or predict by guesswork (凭猜测)预测；预言 2  judge or criticize with hindsight 事后评论；事后批评

second hand n.  an extra hand in some watches and clocks, recording seconds (钟表的)秒针

second-hand adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  a (of goods) having had a previous owner; not new (货物)二手的；旧的b (of a shop etc.) where such goods can be bought (商店等)经营二手货的 2 (of information etc.) accepted on another's authority and not from original investigation (信息等)第二手的；间接的 ●adv.  1  on a second-hand basis 以间接的…为基础 2  at second hand; not directly 第二手地；间接地

second honeymoon n.  a holiday like a honeymoon, taken by a couple after some years of marriage 二度蜜月(已婚数年的夫妇蜜月般的假期)

second in command n.  the officer next in rank to the commanding or chief officer 副司令；副指挥

second intention n. Med.  the healing of a wound by granulation 【医】第二期愈合

second intentions n. pl. Logic  one's secondary conceptions (e.g. difference, identity, species) 【逻辑学】第二内涵，第二概念(如差异、本体、种类)

second lieutenant n.  an army officer next below lieutenant or US first lieutenant 陆军少尉

secondly /ˈsek(ə)ndli/ adv.  1  furthermore; in the second place 其次；第二点 2  as a second item 第二

second name n. Brit.  a surname [英]姓

second nature n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  an acquired tendency that has become instinctive 第二天性，习性  is second nature to him  …是他的第二天性

secondo /siˈkɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. secondi /-di/) Mus.  the second or lower part in a duet etc. 【音】(二重唱(奏)中的)第二声部，低音部 [Italian]

second officer n.  an assistant mate on a merchant ship (商船上的)二副

second person  see 见 PERSON 3 

second-rate adj.  of mediocre quality; inferior 平庸的；次等的 □ second rater  n.  

second reading n.  a second presentation of a bill to a legislative assembly, in the UK to approve its general principles and in the US to debate committee reports (议案在议会中的)二读(在英国是为了批准其总原则；在美国是为了辩论委员会报告)

Second Reich n.  the German Empire 1871 － 1918 (德意志)第二帝国 (1871 至 1918 年)

second self n.  a close friend or associate 密友；知己

second sight n.  the supposed power of being able to perceive future or distant events (超人的)预见力；洞察力 □ second-sighted  adj.  

second string n.  1  an alternative course of action, means of livelihood, etc., invoked if the main one is unsuccessful 可供替代的做法 2 US  a reserve, esp. for a sports team [美] (尤指运动队的)替补队员

second teeth n. pl.  the teeth that replace the milk teeth in a mammal (哺乳动物替代乳牙的)恒牙

second thoughts n. pl.  a new opinion or resolution reached after further consideration (进一步考虑后得出的)意见，决定

second wind n.  1  recovery of the power of normal breathing during exercise after initial breathlessness (激烈运动力竭气急后)恢复正常呼吸 2  renewed energy to continue an effort 恢复精力

secrecy /ˈsi:krisi/ n.  1  the keeping of secrets as a fact, habit, or faculty 保密；保密习惯；保密能力 2  a state in which all information is withheld 保密状态  was done in great secrecy  在机密的情况下完成 □ sworn to secrecy   having promised to keep a secret 已宣誓保密 [Middle English, SECRET adj., probably on the pattern of privacy]

secret /ˈsi:krit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  kept or meant to be kept private, unknown, or hidden from all or all but a few 秘密的；保密的 2  acting or operating secretly 秘密活动的；秘密行动的 3  fond of, prone to, or able to preserve secrecy (喜欢、倾向于或能够)保守秘密的 4 (of a place) hidden, completely secluded (地点)隐蔽的；人迹罕至的 ●n.  1  a thing kept or meant to be kept secret 秘密 2  a thing known only to a few 机密 3  a mystery 奥秘；神秘 4  a valid but not commonly known or recognized method of achieving or maintaining something 诀窍；秘诀  what's their secret?  他们有什么诀窍？ correct breathing is the secret of good health  正确的呼吸方法是健康的秘诀 5 RC Ch.  a prayer concluding the offertory of the Mass 【天主教】(弥撒奉献经后的)默祷 □ in secret   secretly 秘密地□ in (or in on) the secret   among the number of those who know the secret 参与秘密□ keep a secret   not reveal information given in confidence 保密□ secretly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French from Latin secretus (adj.) ‘separate, set apart’ from secernere secret- (as SE-, cernere ‘sift’)]

secret agent n.  a spy acting for a country (为一国工作的)特工；特务

secretaire /sekriˈtɛə/ n.  an escritoire 写字台 [French (as SECRETARY)]

secretariat /sekriˈtɛəriət/ n.  1  a permanent administrative office or department, esp. a governmental one (尤指政府的)秘书处；书记处 2  its members or premises 秘书；书记；(秘书处的)办公楼；办公室 3  the office of secretary 秘书办公室 [French secrétariat from medieval Latin secretariatus (as SECRETARY)]

secretary /ˈsekrit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person employed by an individual or in an office etc. to assist with correspondence, keep records, make appointments, etc. 秘书(负责往来信件、登记、安排会见等) 2  an official appointed by a society etc. to conduct its correspondence, keep its records, organize its affairs, etc. 干事；文书(负责往来信件、登记、安排事务等) 3 (in some organizations) the chief executive 书记(某些组织的主要负责人) 4 (in the UK) the principal assistant of a government minister, ambassador, etc. (英国)政府大臣 □ secretarial  /-ˈtɛəriəl/ adj.  □ secretaryship  n.   [earlier = a person entrusted with a secret: Middle English from Late Latin secretarius (as SECRET)]

secretary bird n.  a long-legged snake-eating African bird, Sagittarius serpentarius, with a crest likened to a quill pen stuck over a writer's ear 蛇鹫(产于非洲的一种长腿的食蛇鸟，其冠似翎管笔插在作家的耳朵上)

Secretary-General n. (pl. Secretary-Generals)  the principal administrator of an organization 秘书长；总书记；干事长

Secretary of State n.  1 (in the UK) the head of a major government department (英国)国务大臣 2 (in the US) the chief government official responsible for foreign affairs (美国)国务卿

secret ballot n.  a ballot in which votes are cast in secret 无记名投票；秘密投票

secrete1 /siˈkri:t/ v. tr. Biol. (of a cell, organ, etc.) produce by secretion 【生】(细胞、器官等)分泌 □ secretor  n.  □ secretory  adj.   [back-formation from SECRETION]

secrete2 /siˈkri:t/ v. tr.  conceal; put into hiding 隐藏；藏匿 [obsolete verb secret from SECRET]

secretion /siˈkri:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 Biol. 【生】  a  a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a function in the organism or for excretion 分泌b  the secreted substance 分泌物 2  the act or an instance of concealing 隐藏；藏匿  the secretion of stolen goods  赃物的藏匿 [French sécrétion or Latin secretio ‘separation’ (as SECRET)]

secretive /ˈsi:kritiv/ adj.  inclined to make or keep secrets; uncommunicative 遮遮掩掩的；隐密的；秘而不宣的 □ secretively  adv.  □ secretiveness  n.   [back-formation from secretiveness, suggested by French secrétivité (as SECRET)]

secret police n.  a police force operating in secret for political purposes 秘密警察

secret service n.  1  a government department concerned with espionage (政府的)特务机关 2 (作 Secret Service) (in the US) a branch of the Treasury Department dealing with counterfeiting and providing protection for the President etc. (美国)财政部特工处(负责保护总统、查缉伪钞等)

secret society n.  a society whose members are sworn to secrecy about it 秘密社团

sect /sekt/ n.  1  a  a body of people subscribing to religious doctrines different from those of others within the same religion; a group deviating from orthodox tradition, often regarded as heretical (宗教内部的)派别；宗派；非正统教派b usu. derog.  a body separated from an established Church; a nonconformist Church [常贬] (从正统教会中分裂出的)教派；异端教派c  a party or faction in a religious body (宗教组织中的)宗派d  a religious denomination (宗教的)教派；宗派；会派 2  the followers of a particular philosopher or philosophy, or school of thought in politics etc. 哲学派系；政治学派系(等) [Middle English from Old French secte or Latin secta, from the stem of sequi secut- ‘follow’]

sect. abbr. [缩略]  section 

sectarian /sekˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning a sect 宗派的；教派的；学派的 2  bigoted or narrow-minded in following the doctrines of one's sect 偏执的；狭隘的 ●n.  1  a member of a sect 教派成员，宗派成员 2  a bigot 偏执的人 □ sectarianism  n.  □ sectarianize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [SECTARY]

sectary /ˈsektəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a member of a religious or political sect. 宗教派别(或政治派系)的成员 [medieval Latin sectarius ‘adherent’ (as SECT)]

section /ˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a part cut off or separated from something 切下(或分隔开)的部分 2  each of the parts into which a thing is divided (actually or conceptually) or divisible or out of which a structure can be fitted together (构成事物整体的)各个组成部分 3  a distinct group or subdivision of a larger body of people (大机构下属的)处；科；股；组  the wind section of an orchestra  管弦乐队的管乐组 4  a subdivision of a book, document, statute, etc. (书、文件、法规等的)章；节；条；款；项 5  a N. Amer.  one square mile of land [北美]一平方英里的土地b esp. US  a particular district of a town [尤美] (城镇的)区  residential section  居民区 6  a subdivision of an army platoon (军队的)班；分队 7 esp. Surgery  a separation by cutting (尤)【外科】切开；切断 8 Biol.  a thin slice of tissue etc., cut off for microscopic examination 【生】(供显微镜观察用的)切片 9  a  the cutting of a solid by or along a plane 截面；断面；剖面b  the resulting figure or the area of this 截面图 10  a representation of the internal structure of something as if cut across along a vertical or horizontal plane 剖面图；纵断面；横断面 11 Biol.  a group, esp. a subgenus 【生】种；亚属 ●v. tr.  1  arrange in or divide into sections 把…分成区，段，组 2 (esp. as 尤作 sectioned adj.) Brit.  cause (a person) to be compulsorily committed to a psychiatric hospital in accordance with a section of a mental health act [英]强制(某人)去精神病院进行精神健康治疗 3 Biol.  cut into thin slices for microscopic examination 【生】(为显微镜观察)做切片 [French section or Latin sectio, from secare sect- ‘cut’]

sectional /ˈsekʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  relating to a section, esp. of a community (尤指社区的)区域的；地段的b  partisan 派系的 2  made in sections 分段的；分节的 3  local rather than general 局部的；区域性的 ●n.  a sofa or other comfortable seating made up in sections for separate or combined use 组合沙发(或其他舒适座具) □ sectionalism  n.  □ sectionalist  n. & adj.  □ sectionalize  v. tr. (also -ise)  □ sectionally  adv.  

section-mark n.  the sign (§) used as a reference mark to indicate the start of a section of a book etc. (书等的)章节号(§)

sector /ˈsektə/ n.  1  a distinct part or branch of an enterprise, or of society, the economy, etc. (企业、社会、经济等的)部门 2 Mil.  a subdivision of an area for military operations, controlled by one commander or headquarters 【军】分区，防区 3  the plane figure enclosed by two radii of a circle, ellipse, etc., and the arc between them 扇形；扇形面 4  a mathematical instrument consisting of two arms hinged at one end and marked with sines, tangents, etc., for making diagrams etc. 两脚规；象限仪(数学仪器，用于作图等) □ sectoral  adj.   [Late Latin, technical use of Latin sector ‘cutter’ (as SECTION)]

sectorial /sekˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or like a sector or sectors 扇形的，似扇形的 2  = CARNASSIAL 

secular /ˈsekjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  concerned with the affairs of this world; not spiritual or sacred 现世的；世俗的 2 (of education etc.) not concerned with religion or religious belief (教育)非宗教的；非宗教信仰的 3  a  not ecclesiastical or monastic 非宗教的；非僧侣的b (of clergy) not bound by a religious rule (神职人员)不受宗教誓约约束的 4  occurring once in an age or century 一个时代(或一个世纪)发生一次的 5  a  lasting for or occurring over an indefinitely long time 长久的；永久的b Astron.  of or designating slow changes in the motion of the sun or planets 【天】(天体运动)缓慢变化的 ●n.  a secular priest 世俗教士 □ secularism  n.  现世主义；世俗主义□ secularist  n.  □ secularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ secularize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ secularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ secularly  adv.   [Middle English (in senses 1 － 3 via Old French seculer) from Latin saecularis, from saeculum ‘generation, age’, in ecclesiastical Latin = the world (as opposed to the Church)]

secund /siˈkʌnd/ adj. Bot.  arranged on one side only (as the flowers of lily of the valley) 【植】边侧的；只生长在一边的(如峡谷中的百合花) □ secundly  adv.   [Latin secundus (as SECOND1)]

secure /siˈkjʊə/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  untroubled by danger or fear 安全的；无危险的；无恐惧的 2  safe against attack; impregnable 不惧进攻的；攻不可破的 3  reliable; certain not to fail 可安心的；万无一失的  the plan is secure  这个计划万无一失 4  fixed or fastened so as not to give way or get loose or be lost 牢靠的；固定的；紧固的  made the door secure  把门关紧了 5  a (foll. by 后跟 of)  certain to achieve 有把握的  secure of victory  有把握取得胜利b (foll. by 后跟 against, from)  safe, protected 安全的；受保护的；有防护的  secure against attack  无受攻击之虞 6 (of a prison etc.) difficult to escape from (监狱等)难以逃脱的 7 (of a person) not a risk to security; trustworthy (人)无危险的；可信赖的 ●v. tr.  1  make secure or safe; fortify 使安全；加强 2  fasten, close, or confine securely 系紧；关紧 3  succeed in obtaining or achieving 弄到，得到  have secured front seats  得到了前排的座位 4  guarantee against loss 确保(免受损失)  a loan secured by property  用财产担保的贷款 5  compress (a blood vessel) to prevent bleeding 挤压(血管)以止血 □ secure arms  Mil.  hold a rifle with the muzzle downward and the lock in the armpit to guard it from rain 【军】倒挟枪(以防雨水淋湿枪机)□ securable  adj.  □ securely  adv.  □ securement  n.   [Latin securus (as SE-, cura ‘care’)]

securitize /siˈkjʊəritaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (often in passive 常用被动)  convert (an asset) into securities, usu. in order to raise cash (通常为筹集现金)把(资产)转化为证券 □ securitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

security /siˈkjʊəriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a secure condition or feeling 安全；安全感 2  a thing that guards or guarantees 保护物，保证安全的事物 3  a  the safety of a state, company, etc., against espionage, theft, or other danger (国家、公司等防间谍、偷窃以及其他危险的)安全状况b  an organization for ensuring this 安全保卫组织 4  a thing deposited or pledged as a guarantee of the fulfilment of an undertaking or the payment of a loan, to be forfeited in case of default 担保；担保物；保证金 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a certificate attesting credit or the ownership of stock, bonds, etc. 证券；债券；股票 □ on security of   using as a guarantee 以…为担保 [Middle English from Old French securité or Latin securitas (as SECURE)]

security blanket n.  1 Brit.  an official sanction on information in the interest of security [英] (为保安全而进行的)新闻检查 2  a blanket or other familiar object given as a comfort to a child (可使小孩感觉舒适的)安乐毯(或其他熟悉的物件)

Security Council n.  a permanent body of the United Nations seeking to maintain peace and security (联合国)安全理事会

security guard n.  a person employed to protect the security of buildings, vehicles, etc. (雇来保护建筑物或车辆安全的)保安人员

security risk n.  a person, situation, etc. posing a possible threat to security (对安全构成威胁的)危险人物；危险形势

sedan /siˈdæn/ n.  1 (in full 全称 sedan chair)  an enclosed chair for conveying one person, carried between horizontal poles by two porters, common in the 17th － 18th c. (17 世纪至 18 世纪时常用的两人抬的)轿子 2 N. Amer.  an enclosed motor car for four or more people [北美] (可容纳 4 人以上的)厢式小客车 [perhaps alteration of an Italian dialect word, ultimately via Latin sella ‘saddle’ from sedēre ‘sit’]

sedate1 /siˈdeit/ adj.  tranquil and dignified; equable, serious 镇定的；沉着的；庄重的；严肃的 □ sedately  adv.  □ sedateness  n.   [Latin sedatus, past part. of sedare ‘settle’, from sedēre ‘sit’]

sedate2 /siˈdeit/ v. tr.  put under sedation 使镇静 [back-formation from SEDATION]

sedation /siˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a state of rest or sleep esp. produced by a sedative drug (尤指服用镇静剂而进入的)休息状态；睡眠状态 [French sédation or Latin sedatio (as SEDATE1)]

sedative /ˈsedətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a drug, influence, etc., that tends to calm or soothe 镇静剂 ●adj.  calming, soothing; inducing sleep 使镇静的；催眠的 [Middle English from Old French sedatif or medieval Latin sedativus (as SEDATE1)]

sedentary /ˈsed(ə)nt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  sitting 坐着的  a sedentary posture  坐姿 2 (of work etc.) characterized by much sitting and little physical exercise (工作等)需久坐的 3 (of a person) spending much time seated (人)久坐的 4 Zool. 【动】  a  inhabiting the same locality throughout life; not migratory 定居的；不迁徙的b  confined to one spot; sessile 静止的，固定的；不动的 □ sedentarily  adv.  □ sedentariness  n.   [French sédentaire or Latin sedentarius, from sedēre ‘sit’]

Seder /ˈseidə/ n.  a Jewish ritual service and ceremonial dinner for the first night or first two nights of the Passover (犹太教的)逾越节祝宴(在逾越节第一天或头两天举行) [Hebrew sēd er ‘order, procedure’]

sederunt /siˈdiərənt, -ˈdɛə-/ n. Sc.  a sitting of an ecclesiastical assembly or other body [苏格兰]教士大会 [Latin, = (the following persons) sat, from sedēre ‘sit’]

sedge /sedʒ/ n.  1  any grasslike plant of the genus Carex with triangular stems, usu. growing in wet areas 莎草科植物(通常生长于湿润地区) 2  an expanse of this plant 大片的莎草植物 □ sedgy  adj.   [Old English secg, from Germanic]

sedge warbler n.  a small streaked warbler, Acrocephalus schoenoboenus, often found around marshes and reed-beds 水蒲苇莺(通常出没于沼泽和芦苇丛处)

sedile /siˈdaili/ n. (pl. sedilia /-ˈdiliə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Eccl.  each of usu. three stone seats for priests in the south wall of a chancel, often canopied and decorated 【教会】(教堂圣坛南侧的)祭司席；牧师席 [Latin, = seat, from sedēre ‘sit’]

sediment /ˈsedim(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs 沉淀；沉渣 2 Geol.  matter that is carried by water or wind and deposited on the surface of the land, and may in time become consolidated into rock 【地质】(由水或风带来的)沉积物(时间一长可能固化为岩石) ●v. tr. (as 作 sedimented adj.)  1  a Geol.  deposited as sediment 【地质】沉积的b  deep-rooted, long-established 根深蒂固的；久已确立的  sedimented radicalism  根深蒂固的激进主义 2 (of beer) having a sediment (啤酒)有沉淀的 □ sedimentary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  □ sedimentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French sédiment or Latin sedimentum (as SEDILE)]

sedition /siˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  conduct or speech inciting to rebellion or a breach of public order 煽动(叛乱或骚乱的)行为，煽动言论 2  agitation against the authority of a state 暴动；骚乱 □ seditious  adj.  □ seditiously  adv.   [Middle English from Old French sedition or Latin seditio, from sed- = SE- + ire it- ‘go’]

seduce /siˈdju:s/ v. tr.  1  tempt or entice into sexual activity 勾引；诱奸 2  a  tempt, lure 引诱；诱惑  seduced by the smell of coffee  受到咖啡香味的引诱b (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  lead astray 使入歧途；诱入歧途  seduced into a life of crime  被人诱入了犯罪的人生c (often as 常作 seduced adj.)  beguiled 受骗的  seduced by outward appearances  被外表所欺骗 □ seducer  n.  □ seducible  adj.   [Latin seducere seduct- (as SE-, ducere ‘lead’)]

seduction /siˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of seducing; the process of being seduced 勾引；诱奸 2  something that tempts or allures 引诱物；诱惑物 [French séduction or Latin seductio (as SEDUCE)]

seductive /siˈdʌktiv/ adj.  tending to seduce; alluring, enticing 有诱惑力的；勾引人的 □ seductively  adv.  □ seductiveness  n.   [SEDUCTION, on the pattern of inductive etc.]

seductress /siˈdʌktris/ n.  a female seducer 勾引男人的女子 [obsolete seductor ‘male seducer’ (as SEDUCE)]

sedulous /ˈsedjʊləs/ adj.  1  persevering, diligent, assiduous 孜孜不倦的；勤勉的；刻苦的 2 (of an action etc.) deliberately and consciously continued; painstaking (行动等)坚持不懈的 □ sedulity  /siˈdju:liti/ n.  □ sedulously  adv.  □ sedulousness  n.   [Latin sedulus ‘zealous’]

sedum /ˈsi:dəm/ n.  any plant of the genus Sedum, with fleshy leaves and star-shaped yellow, pink, or white flowers, e.g. stonecrop 景天属植物(叶厚多肉，开星形黄色、粉红色或白色花朵) [Latin, = houseleek]

see1 /si:/ v. (past saw /sɔ:/; past part. seen /si:n/)  1 tr.  discern by use of the eyes; observe; look at 看见  can you see that spider?  你能看见那只蜘蛛吗？ saw him fall over  看见他摔倒 2 intr.  have or use the power of discerning objects with the eyes 看清；辨识出  sees best at night  夜里看得最清楚 3 tr.  discern mentally; understand 领会；理解  I see what you mean  我明白你的意思 could not see the joke  不明白这个笑话的含义 4 tr.  watch; be a spectator of (a film, game, etc.) 观看(电影、比赛等) 5 tr.  ascertain or establish by inquiry or research or reflection (通过调查、研究或思考)确认；确定  I will see if the door is open  我去看看门是不是开着 6 tr.  consider; deduce from observation 认为；推断  I see that you are a brave man  我认为你是个勇敢的人 7 tr.  contemplate; foresee mentally 设想；预料  we saw that no good would come of it  我们预料这件事不会有好结果 can see myself doing this job indefinitely  我预料自己将无限期地做这个工作 8 tr.  look at for information 见，参见 usu. in imper., as a direction in or to a book 通常用于祈使句，指出书的页码 : see page  15 参见第 15 页 9 tr.  meet or be near and recognize 遇见；碰见  I saw your mother in town  我在城里遇见了你妈妈 10 tr.  a  meet socially 见面；会面  sees her sister most weeks  基本每星期都与她姐姐见面b  meet regularly as a boyfriend or girlfriend; court (作为男友或女友)约会  is still seeing that man  仍在与那男子约会 11 tr.  give an interview to 会见；约见  the doctor will see you now  医生现在要给你看病了 12 tr.  visit to consult 咨询访问  went to see the doctor  去看病 13 tr.  find out or learn, esp. from a visual source (尤指通过可视资料)发现；得知  I see the match has been cancelled  我得知比赛已经被取消 14 intr.  reflect; consider further; wait until one knows more 思考；静观  we shall have to see  我们得考虑考虑 15 tr.  interpret or have an opinion of 提出看法(或见解)  I see things differently now  我现在对事物的看法与过去不同了 16 tr.  experience; have presented to one's attention 经历  I never thought I would see this day  我从没想过我要经历这一天 17 tr.  recognize as acceptable; foresee 允许；预见  do you see your daughter marrying this man?  你允许你的女儿与这个男子结婚吗？ 18 tr.  observe without interfering 任凭；听凭  stood by and saw them squander my money  …袖手旁观任凭他们挥霍我的金钱 19 tr.  find attractive 认为…有魅力  can't think what she sees in him  难以想像她究竟看上他哪一点 20 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, or that + infin.)  make provision for; ensure; attend to (cf. 参见 see to it) 办理；保证；照料  shall see to your request immediately  …将立即考虑你的请求 see that he gets home safely  确保他安全到家 21 tr.  escort or conduct (to a place etc.) 陪伴；护送  saw them home  护送他们回家 22 tr.  be a witness of (an event etc.) 目睹(事件等)  see the New Year in  亲眼目睹新年的到来 23 tr.  supervise (an action etc.) 检查；监督(行动等)  will stay and see the doors locked  将留下来检查门是否已锁好 24 tr.  a (in gambling, esp. poker) equal (a bet) (赌博，尤指打扑克)下相同的赌注b  equal the bet of (a player), esp. to see the player's cards (尤指要求对方摊牌而)下相同的赌注 □ as far as I can see   to the best of my understanding or belief 就我所知□ as I see it   in my opinion 我认为；我的看法是□ do you see?   do you understand? 你懂了吗？□ has seen better days   has declined from former prosperity, good condition, etc. 今不如昔；往日辉煌已逝□ I'll be seeing you  colloq.  an expression on parting [口]回见；再见□ I see   I understand (referring to an explanation etc.) 我明白了□ let me see   an appeal for time to think before speaking etc. 让我想一想，让我考虑一下□ see about   attend to 料理；办理；安排□ see after   1  take care of 照顾；照料 2  = see about □ see the back of  Brit. colloq.  be rid of (an unwanted person or thing) [英口]摆脱(讨嫌的人或物)□ see a person damned first  Brit. colloq.  refuse categorically and with hostility to do what a person wants [英口] (有敌意地)坚决拒绝□ see eye to eye   see 见 EYE □ see fit   see 见 FIT1 □ see here!   calling attention, expressing a protest, etc. 喂(引起注意，表示不满等)□ see into   investigate 调查□ see life   gain experience of the world, often by enjoying oneself 体验生活，见世面□ see the light   1  realize one's mistakes etc. 认识到(自己的错误等) 2  suddenly see the way to proceed (突然)发现继续进行的方法 3  undergo religious conversion 开始笃信宗教□ see the light of day  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  come into existence 问世；面世□ see off   1  be present at the departure of (a person) 送别；送行  saw them off at Heathrow  到希思罗机场为他们送行 2 Brit. colloq.  ward off, get the better of [英口]避开；占上风  managed to see off an investigation into their working methods  设法避开了对他们工作方法的调查□ see out   1  accompany out of a building etc. 送(客)出门 2 Brit.  finish (a project etc.) completely 圆满完成(项目等) 3 Brit.  remain awake, alive, etc., until the end of (a period) [英]看…直到终场；活到…的结束 4 Brit.  last longer than; outlive [英]持续得比…长久；活得比…长久□ see over   inspect; tour and examine 检查；巡视□ see reason   see 见 REASON □ see red   become suddenly enraged 突然发怒□ see a person right  Brit. colloq.  make sure that a person is rewarded, safe, etc. [英口]确认(某人)已得到酬谢(或已安全等)□ see service   see 见 SERVICE1 □ see stars  colloq.  see lights before one's eyes as a result of a blow on the head [口] (因头部遭击打而)眼冒金星□ see things   have hallucinations or false imaginings 产生幻觉□ see through   1  not be deceived by; detect the true nature of 看穿；看透；识破 2  penetrate visually 透视□ see a person through   support a person during a difficult time 帮助某人(渡过)难关□ see a thing through   persist with it until it is completed 坚持做完某事□ see to it  (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  ensure (cf. sense 20 of v. 参见动词释义 20) 确保；务必  see to it that I am not disturbed  务必使我不受干扰□ see one's way clear to   feel able or entitled to (感到)能够(或有资格)做某事□ see the world   see 见 WORLD □ see you (or see you later)  colloq.  an expression on parting [口]再见□ we shall see   1  let us await the outcome 让我们等待结果 2  a formula for declining to act at once (拒绝立即行动的说法)等着瞧；等等看□ will see about it   a formula for declining to act at once 等着瞧□ you see   1  you understand 你知道 2  you will understand when I explain 我一解释你就会明白了□ seeable  adj.   [Old English sēon, from Germanic]

see2 /si:/ n.  1  the area under the authority of a bishop or archbishop, a diocese 教区(主教或大主教的管辖范围)  the see of Norwich  诺里奇教区 2  the office or jurisdiction of a bishop or archbishop 主教(或大主教)的职位(或职权)  fill a vacant see  填补空缺的主教职位 [Middle English from Anglo-French se(d), ultimately via Latin sedes ‘seat’ from sedēre ‘sit’]

seed /si:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a flowering plant's unit of reproduction (esp. in the form of grain) capable of developing into another such plant 种子；籽b  seeds collectively, esp. as collected for sowing (总称) (尤指播种用的)种子  is full of seed  满是种子 to be kept for seed  留作种子 2  a  semen 精液b  milt 雄鱼的精液 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  the beginning or initial germ of development 开端；萌芽  seeds of doubt  怀疑的开端 4 archaic  offspring, progeny, descendants [古义]后裔；子孙  the seed of Abraham  亚伯拉罕的后裔 5 Sport  a seeded player 【运动】种子选手 6  a small seedlike container for the application of radium etc. (种子状的)镭(等)的辐射盒 7  a seed crystal 籽晶 ●v.  1 tr.  a  place seeds in 在…里播撒种子b  sprinkle with or as with seed 撒(种等) 2 intr.  sow seeds 播种 3 intr.  produce or drop seed 结籽 4 tr.  remove seeds from (fruit etc.) (水果等)去籽 5 tr.  place a crystal or crystalline substance in (a solution etc.) to cause crystallization or condensation (esp. in a cloud to produce rain) (把晶体放入溶液中)使结晶；使凝结(尤指在云中造雨) 6 tr. Sport 【运动】  a  assign to (a strong competitor in a knockout competition) a position in an ordered list so that strong competitors do not meet each other in early rounds (在淘汰赛中)安排种子选手次序名单(以避免强手过早相遇)  is seeded seventh  列为第 7 号种子选手b  arrange (the order of play) in this way 安排有种子选手(的比赛顺序) 7 intr.  go to seed 结籽 □ go (or run) to seed   1  cease flowering as seed develops 花谢结籽 2  become degenerate, unkempt, ineffective, etc. 衰老；走下坡路□ raise up seed  archaic  beget children [古义]生儿育女；繁殖后代□ seedless  adj.   [Old English sœˉd from Germanic: related to SOW1]

seedbed /ˈsi:dbed/ n.  1  a bed of fine soil in which to sow seeds 苗床 2  a place of development 发源地

seed cake n.  cake containing whole seeds esp. of caraway as flavouring (撒有芳香种子，尤指葛缕子籽的)香饼

seed-coat n.  the outer integument of a seed 种皮

seedcorn /ˈsi:dkɔ:n/ n.  1  good-quality corn kept for seed (留作种子的)谷种 2 Brit.  assets reused for future profit or benefit [英] (为将来的利润或利益)重新使用的资产

seed crystal n.  a crystal used to initiate crystallization (用以促成结晶的)籽晶；种晶

seed-eater n.  a bird (esp. a finch) living mainly on seeds 食籽雀(尤指燕雀、金翅雀)

seeder /ˈsi:də/ n.  1  a person or thing that seeds 播种者；播种器 2  a machine for sowing seed, esp. a drill 播种机(尤指条播机) 3  an apparatus for seeding raisins etc. 去核器 4 Brit.  a spawning fish [英]产卵期的鱼

seed-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a fish that is ready to spawn 产卵期的鱼

seed-head n.  a flower head in seed 种子的头状花序

seed-leaf n.  a cotyledon 子叶

seedling /ˈsi:dliŋ/ n.  a young plant, esp. one raised from seed and not from a cutting etc. 籽苗；幼苗

seed-lip n. esp. Brit.  a basket for seed used in sowing by hand [尤英] (用手播种时的)种子篮，种子筐

seed money n.  money allocated to initiate a project (用以启动项目的)种子基金

seedpearl /ˈsi:dpɜ:l/ n.  a very small pearl 小粒珍珠；米珠

seed-plot n.  a place of development 苗床；发源地

seed potato n.  a potato kept for seed (留作种子用的)种马铃薯

seedsman /ˈsi:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a dealer in seeds 种子商

seed-time n.  the sowing season 播种期

seed vessel n.  a pericarp 种皮，果皮

seedy /ˈsi:di/ adj. (seedier, seediest)  1  full of seed 多籽的 2  going to seed 结籽的 3  shabby-looking, in worn clothes 破旧的；衣衫褴褛的 4 colloq.  unwell [口]不舒服的 □ seedily  adv.  □ seediness  n.  

seeing /ˈsi:iŋ/ conj. & n. ●conj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  considering that, inasmuch as, because 考虑到；鉴于；因为  seeing that you do not know it yourself  鉴于你自己也不知道那件事 ●n. Astron.  the quality of observed images as determined by atmospheric conditions 【天】(由大气条件决定的)星象视宁度

seek /si:k/ v. (past and past part. sought /sɔ:t/)  1  a tr.  make a search or inquiry for 寻找；查问b intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, after)  make a search or inquiry 寻找，寻求；探究 2 tr.  a  try or want to find or get 寻求；追求b  ask for; request 要求；请求  sought help from him  向他求助 seeks my aid  要求我给予帮助 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  endeavour or try 试图；设法 4 tr.  make for or resort to (a place or person, for advice, health, etc.) (为得到建议或健康等)去往(某地)；求助于(某人)  sought his bed  就寝 sought a fortune-teller  求助于算命先生 sought the shore  去往海滨 5 tr. archaic  aim at, attempt [古义]旨在；试图 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) archaic  resort [古义]去往 □ seek dead  Brit.  an order to a retriever to find killed game [英]去找！ (叫猎狗找回打死的猎物的命令)□ seek out   1  search for and find 找出；查出 2  single out for companionship, etc. 挑选出(伙伴等)□ to seek (or much to seek or far to seek)  esp. Brit.  deficient, lacking, or not yet found [尤英]缺乏；不足；尚未找到  the reason is not far to seek  原因不难找到 an efficient leader is yet to seek  得力的领导者尚未找到□ seeker  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English sēcan, from Germanic]

seel /si:l/ v. tr. archaic  close (a person's eyes) [古义]闭上(眼睛) [Middle English from French ciller, siller, or medieval Latin ciliare from Latin cilium ‘eyelid’]

seem /si:m/ v. intr.  1  give the impression or sensation of being 好像；似乎  seems ridiculous  似乎很荒唐 seems certain to win  看起来肯定会赢 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  appear or be perceived or ascertained 看似  he seems to be breathing  他似乎在呼吸 they seem to have left  他们好像已经离开了 □ can't seem to  colloq.  seem unable to [口]似乎不能□ do not seem to  colloq.  somehow do not [口]似乎不  I do not seem to like him  不知为何我不喜欢他□ it seems (or would seem)  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  it appears to be true or the fact (in a hesitant, guarded, or ironical statement) (在表示犹豫、有保留或讽刺的陈述中)似乎是真实的；似乎是事实 [originally = suit, befit, be appropriate: Middle English from Old Norse sœma ‘honour’, from sœmr ‘fitting’]

seeming1 /ˈsi:miŋ/ adj.  1  apparent but perhaps not real 仿佛的；似乎的  with seeming sincerity  貌似真诚地 2  apparent only; ostensible 表面的；假装的 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : seeming-virtuous  貌似道德高尚的 □ seemingly  adv.  

seeming2 /ˈsi:miŋ/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  appearance, aspect 外观；外貌 2  deceptive appearance (欺骗性的)表象

seemly /ˈsi:mli/ adj. (seemlier, seemliest)  conforming to propriety or good taste; decorous, suitable 合宜的；得体的；合乎礼仪的 □ seemliness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse sœmiligr (as SEEM)]

seen past part.  of SEE1  

See of Rome n.  the papacy, the Holy See (天主教)罗马教廷

seep /si:p/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  ooze out; percolate slowly 渗出；渗漏 ●n. US  a place where petroleum etc. oozes slowly out of the ground [美] (石油等的)从地下渗出的地方 [perhaps a dialect form of Old English sipian ‘to soak’]

seepage /ˈsi:pidʒ/ n.  1  the act of seeping 渗出；渗漏 2  the quantity that seeps out 渗出量

seer1 /ˈsi:ə, siə/ n.  1  a person who sees 观看者 2  a prophet; a person who sees visions; a person of supposed supernatural insight esp. as regards the future 预言家；能看到幻像的人；先知 [Middle English from SEE1]

seer2 /siə/ n. (in the Indian subcontinent) a varying unit of weight (about one kilogram) or liquid measure (about one litre) (印度次大陆)锡厄(作为重量单位约等于 1 千克；作为容积单位约等于 1 公升) [Hindi ser]

seersucker /ˈsiəsʌkə/ n.  material of linen, cotton, etc., with a puckered surface (麻或棉等的)绉条纹织物 [Persian šir o šakar, literally ‘milk and sugar’]

see-saw /ˈsi:sɔ:/ n., v., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  a  a device consisting of a long plank balanced on a central support for children to sit on at each end and move up and down by pushing the ground with their feet 跷跷板b  a game played on this 跷跷板游戏 2  an up-and-down or to-and-fro motion 一上一下的动作；往复的动作 3  a contest in which the advantage repeatedly changes from one side to the other (比赛中双方优势不相上下的)拉锯战 ●v. intr.  1  play on a see-saw 玩跷跷板 2  move up and down as on a see-saw (跷跷板似地)上下移动 3  vacillate in policy, emotion, etc. (政策、情感等)波动；摆动 ●adj. & adv.  with up-and-down or backward-and-forward motion 上下波动(的)；来回摆动(的)  see-saw motion  往复运动 □ go see-saw   vacillate or alternate 波动；摆动 [reduplication of SAW1]

seethe /si:ð/ v.  1 intr.  boil, bubble over 煮沸；冒泡 2 intr.  be very agitated, esp. with anger 躁动不安(尤指因为气愤)  seething with discontent  极为不满 I was seething inwardly  我内心极为愤怒 3 tr. & intr. archaic  cook by boiling [古义]煮 □ seethingly  adv.   [Old English sēothan, from Germanic]

see-through /ˈsi:θru:/ adj. (esp. of clothing) translucent (尤指衣服)半透明的

segment /ˈseɡm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of several parts into which a thing is or can be divided or marked off 部分；断片 2 Geom.  a part of a figure cut off by a line or plane intersecting it esp. (尤指): 【几】由线或面分割的图形a  the part of a circle enclosed between an arc and a chord 弓形b  the part of a line included between two points 线段c  the part of a sphere cut off by any plane not passing through the centre 球缺 3  the smallest distinct part of a spoken utterance (语音)最小可切分成分 4 Zool.  each of the series of similar anatomical units of which the body and limbs are composed in various animals, often visible, e.g. as the rings along an earthworm 【动】体节；节(如蚯蚓身上的体节) ●v. /usu. 通常作 -ˈment/  1 intr. & tr.  divide into segments 分割；切分 2 intr. Biol. (of a cell) undergo cleavage or divide into many cells 【生】(细胞)分裂 □ segmental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ segmentalize  /-ˈment(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ segmentalization  /-ˌment(ə)laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ segmentally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.  □ segmentary  adj.  □ segmentation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin segmentum from secare ‘cut’]

sego /ˈsi:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in full 全称 sego lily)  a N. American plant, Calochortus nuttallii, with green and white bell-shaped flowers 美莲草(产于北美，开绿色和白色钟形花朵) [Paiute (an American Indian language of the south-western US)]

segregate1 /ˈseɡriɡeit/ v.  1 tr.  put apart from the rest; isolate 分隔；隔离 2 tr.  enforce racial segregation on (persons) or in (a community etc.) (在社会等中)实施种族隔离 3 intr.  separate from a mass and collect together (与主体隔离后而)构成群体 4 intr. Biol. (of alleles) be transmitted independently of each other 【生】(等位基因)独立遗传 □ segregable  /-ɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ segregative  adj.   [Latin segregare (as SE-, grex gregis ‘flock’)]

segregate2 /ˈseɡriɡət/ adj.  1 Zool.  simple or solitary, not compound 【动】分离的 2 archaic  set apart, separate [古义]分隔的；隔离的 [Latin segregatus, past part. of segregare (as SEGREGATE1)]

segregation /seɡriˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  enforced separation of racial groups in a community etc. 种族隔离 2  the act or an instance of segregating; the state of being segregated 分隔；隔离；隔离状态 □ segregational  adj.  □ segregationist  n. & adj.   [Late Latin segregatio (as SEGREGATE1)]

segue /ˈseɡwei/ v. & n. esp. Mus. (尤)【音】  ●v. intr. (segues, segued, seguing) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into)  go on without a pause (无间断地)继续演奏 ●n.  an uninterrupted transition from one song or melody to another (无间断地)连唱；连奏 [Italian, = follows]

seguidilla /seɡiˈdi:ljə/ n.  1  a Spanish dance in triple time 塞吉迪亚舞(一种三拍节奏的西班牙舞) 2  the music for this 塞吉迪亚舞曲 [Spanish, via seguida ‘following’ from seguir ‘follow’]

Sehnsucht /ˈzeinzu:xt, 德 ˈze:nzʊxt/ n.  yearning, wistful longing 渴望；渴求 [German]

sei  see 见 SEI WHALE 

seicento /seiˈtʃentəʊ/ n.  the style of Italian art and literature of the 17th c. 17 世纪意大利艺术与文学风格 □ seicentist  n.  □ seicentoist  n.   [Italian, = 600, shortened from mille seicento ‘1600’, used with reference to the years 1600 － 99]

seiche /seiʃ/ n.  a fluctuation in the water level of a lake etc., esp. as caused by changes in atmospheric pressure (尤指由大气压变化而引起的)湖面波动 [Swiss French]

Seidlitz powder /ˈsedlits/ n. (US [美] Seidlitz powders)  a laxative medicine of two powders mixed separately with water and then poured together to effervesce 塞得利兹粉(一种轻泻剂) [named with reference to the mineral water of Seidlitz in Bohemia]

seif /si:f, seif/ n. (in full 全称 seif dune)  a sand dune in the form of a long narrow ridge 赛夫沙丘(脊长而窄的沙丘) [Arabic saif ‘sword’ (from its shape)]

seigneur /seiˈnjɜ:/ n. (also 亦作 seignior /ˈseinjə/)  a feudal lord; the lord of a manor 封建领主；庄园主 □ seigneurial  adj.  □ seigniorial  /-ˈnjɔ:riəl/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French seigneur, seignor from Latin SENIOR]

seigniorage /ˈseinjəridʒ/ n. (also 亦作 seignorage)  1  a  a profit made by issuing currency, esp. by issuing coins rated above their intrinsic value 铸币利差(硬币面值与金属的实际价值之差)b hist.  the Crown's right to a percentage on bullion brought to a mint for coining [史义] (君主拥有的)铸币特权 2 hist.  something claimed by a sovereign or feudal superior as a prerogative [史义]君主特权；领主特权 [Middle English from Old French seignorage, seigneurage (as SEIGNEUR)]

seigniory /ˈseinjəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  lordship, sovereign authority 贵族身份；君权 2 (also 亦作 seigneury)  a seigneur's domain 君主的领地 [Middle English from Old French seignorie (as SEIGNEUR)]

seine /sein/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 seine-net)  a fishing net for encircling fish, with floats at the top and weights at the bottom edge, and usu. hauled ashore (捕鱼的)围网(通常置于岸上) ●v. intr. & tr.  fish or catch with a seine 用围网捕鱼 □ seiner  n.   [Old English segne from West Germanic via Latin sagena from Greek sagēnē; reinforced in Middle English by Old French saïne]

seise var.  of SEIZE  9 SEIZE 9 的变体

seisin /ˈsi:zin/ n. (also 亦作 seizin) Law 【法律】  1  possession of land by freehold (占有的)不动产 2  the act of taking such possession 土地的占有 3  what is so held 占有物 [Middle English from Anglo-French sesine, Old French seisine, saisine (as SEIZE)]

seismic /ˈsaizmik/ adj.  1  of or relating to an earthquake or earthquakes or other vibrations of the earth and its crust 地震的 2  relating to or involving vibrations of the earth produced artificially by explosions (爆炸引起)地震的 3  of enormous proportions or effect 巨大的；影响巨大的  seismic revolutionary events  影响巨大的革命事件 □ seismal  adj.  □ seismical  adj.  □ seismically  adv.   [Greek seismos ‘earthquake’ from seiō ‘shake’]

seismicity /saizˈmisiti/ n.  seismic activity; esp. the frequency of earthquakes per unit area in a region 地震活动(尤指某一地区单位面积上的地震频率)

seismic survey n.  a survey for oil and gas, employing seismic methods (石油和天然气的)地震勘探

seismo- /ˈsaizməʊ/ comb. form  earthquake [构词成分]地震 [Greek seismos]

seismogram /ˈsaizmə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a record given by a seismograph 地震图；震波图

seismograph /ˈsaizmə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument that records the force, direction, etc., of earthquakes 地震仪；测震仪 □ seismographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ seismographical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

seismology /saizˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study and recording of earthquakes and related phenomena 地震学 □ seismological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ seismologically  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ seismologist  n.  

sei whale /sei/ n.  a small rorqual, Balaenoptera borealis 鳁鲸(一种小鲸) [Norwegian sejhval]

seize /si:z/ v.  1 tr.  take hold of forcibly or suddenly (用力或突然地)抓住 2 tr.  take possession of forcibly 攻克；攻占；夺取  seized the fortress  攻克要塞 seized power  夺取政权 3 tr.  take possession of (contraband goods, documents, etc.) by warrant or legal right, confiscate, impound (对违禁商品、文件等)没收；查封；扣押 4 tr.  affect suddenly 突然支配；影响  panic seized us  我们突然感到惊慌 was seized by apoplexy  中风 was seized with remorse  顿生悔意 5 tr.  take advantage of (an opportunity) 利用(时机) 6 tr.  comprehend quickly or clearly (迅速或清晰地)理解；领悟 7 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  a  take hold forcibly or suddenly (用力或突然地)抓住；捉住b  take advantage eagerly (急切地)利用  seized on a pretext  利用借口 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a (of a moving part in a machine) become stuck or jammed from undue heat, friction, etc. (机器部件由于过热、摩擦等)卡住；夹住b (of part of the body etc.) become stiff (身体部位等)变得僵直 9 tr. (also 亦作 seise) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) Law  put in possession of 【法律】占有 10 tr. Naut.  fasten or attach by binding with turns of yarn etc. 【海】系紧；缠扎；绑紧 □ seized (or seised) of   1  possessing legally 依法占有 2  aware or informed of 了解；知悉□ seizable  adj.  □ seizer  n.   [Middle English from Old French seizir, saisir ‘give seisin’, from Frankish via Latin sacire from Germanic]

seizin var.  of SEISIN  SEISIN 的变体

seizing /ˈsi:ziŋ/ n. Naut.  a cord or cords used for seizing (see 见 SEIZE 10) 【海】(用于缠扎的)绳索

seizure /ˈsi:ʒə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of seizing; the state of being seized 抓住；捉住 2  a sudden fit or attack of apoplexy etc., a stroke (疾病的)侵袭；发作

sejant /ˈsi:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj. (placed after noun 置于名词之后) Heraldry (of an animal) sitting upright on its haunches 【纹章学】(动物)前腿伸直蹲坐的 [properly seiant from Old French, variant of seant ‘sitting’ via seoir from Latin sedēre ‘sit’]

Sekt /zekt/ n.  a German sparkling white wine 赛克特酒(一种容易起泡沫的德国白葡萄酒) [German]

selachian /siˈleikiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any fish of the subclass Selachii, including sharks and dogfish 鲨类亚纲鱼(包括鲨与角鲨) ●adj.  of or relating to this subclass 鲨类亚纲的 [modern Latin Selachii from Greek selakhos ‘shark’]

seladang /səˈlɑ:dæŋ/ n.  a Malayan gaur 马来野牛 [Malay]

selah /ˈsi:lə, -lɑ:/ int.  occurring frequently at the end of a verse in Psalms and Habakkuk, probably as a musical direction 瑟拉(《圣经·诗篇》中每首诗篇后的叹词，可能用作音乐提示) [Hebrew se · lɑˉh]

seldom /ˈseldəm/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  rarely, not often 很少，不常 ●adj.  rare, uncommon 少见的；不寻常的 [Old English seldan, from Germanic]

select /siˈlekt/ v. & adj. ●v. tr.  choose, esp. as the best or most suitable 挑选，选拔(尤指选出最佳者或最合宜者) ●adj.  1  chosen for excellence or suitability; choice 精选的；优等的 2 (of a society etc.) exclusive, cautious in admitting members (协会等选择成员时)挑剔的；苛择的 □ selectable  adj.  □ selectness  n.   [Latin seligere select- (as SE-, legere ‘choose’)]

select committee n.  a small parliamentary committee appointed for a special purpose 特别委员会(议会为特殊目的而组建的小型委员会)

selectee /silekˈti:/ n. US  a conscript [美]应征入伍者

selection /siˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of selecting; the state of being selected 选择；挑选 2  a selected person or thing 被选中的人(或物) 3  things from which a choice may be made 选择范围 4 Biol.  the process in which environmental and genetic influences determine which types of organism thrive better than others, regarded as a factor in evolution 【生】(进化中由于环境或遗传因素对生物的)选择；淘汰 □ selectional  adj.  □ selectionally  adv.   [Latin selectio (as SELECT)]

selective /siˈlektiv/ adj.  1  using or characterized by selection 选择的 2  able to select, esp. (of a radio receiver) able to respond to a chosen frequency without interference from others 可选择的(尤指无线电接收设备可接收已选定的频率而不受其他频率的干扰) 3 (of the memory etc.) selecting what is convenient (记忆等)能选出最便捷的 □ selectively  adv.  □ selectiveness  n.  □ selectivity  /silekˈtiviti, sel-, si:l-/ n.  

selective service n. US hist.  service in the armed forces under conscription [美史义] (按兵役制在部队服的)兵役

selector /siˈlektə/ n.  1  a person who selects, esp. one who selects a representative team in a sport 选拔者(尤指选拔运动代表队的人) 2  a device that selects, esp. a device in a vehicle that selects the required gear 选择器(尤指车辆中变档转换器)

selenite /ˈselinait/ n.  a form of gypsum occurring as transparent crystals or thin plates 透明石膏 □ selenitic  /-ˈnitik/ adj.   [Latin selenites from Greek selēnitēs lithos ‘moonstone’, from selēnē ‘moon’, lithos ‘stone’]

selenium /siˈli:niəm/ n. Chem.  a non-metallic element occurring naturally in various metallic sulphide ores and characterized by the variation of its electrical resistivity with intensity of illumination (symbol 符 Se) 【化】(化学元素)硒 □ selenate  /ˈselineit/ n.  □ selenic  /siˈli:nik/ adj.  □ selenious  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek selēnē ‘moon’ + -IUM]

selenium cell n.  a piece of selenium used as a photoelectric device 硒光电池

seleno- /siˈli:nəʊ/ comb. form  moon [构词成分]月球 [Greek selēnē ‘moon’]

selenography /seliˈnɒɡrəfi, si:-/ n.  the study or mapping of the moon 月面学 □ selenographer  n.  □ selenographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  

selenology /seliˈnɒlədʒi, si:-/ n.  the scientific study of the moon 月球学 □ selenologist  n.  

self /self/ n., adj. & v. ●n. (pl. selves /selvz/)  1  a person's or thing's own individuality or essence 自己，自我，自身  showed his true self  显现出他真实的自我 2  a person or thing as the object of introspection or reflexive action (作为反思或反身行为对象的)人(或物)  the consciousness of self  自我意识 3  a  one's own interests or pleasure 自己的利益(或乐趣)  cares for nothing but self  除了个人利益之外什么都不在意b  concentration on these 对个人利益的关注  self is a bad guide to happiness  仅关心个人利益难以拥有幸福 4 Commerce or colloq.  myself, yourself, himself, etc. 【商业】[口]我(你、他等)本人  cheque drawn to self  仅为本人开的支票 ticket admitting self and friend  仅限本人和朋友使用的入场券 5  used in phrs. equivalent to myself, yourself, himself, etc. (用于短语)我(你、他等)本人  his very self  他本人 your good selves  你们本人 6 (pl. selfs)  a flower of uniform colour, or of the natural wild colour 单色花；野生本色花 ●adj.  1  of the same colour as the rest or throughout 同色的 2 (of a flower) of the natural wild colour (花)野生原色的 3 (of colour) uniform, the same throughout (颜色)单色的 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Bot.  self-fertilize 【植】(花)自花授粉 □ one's better self   one's nobler impulses 人的本性中高尚的一面□ one's former (or old) self   oneself as one formerly was 故态，老样子 [Old English from Germanic]

self- /self/ comb. form expressing reflexive action [构词成分]表示反身动作 :  1  of or directed towards oneself or itself (self-respect 自尊 ; self-cleaning 自我清洁) 自我的 2  by oneself or itself, esp. without external agency (self-evident 不言自喻的) 自身的；无需外助的 3  on, in, for, or relating to oneself or itself (self-absorbed 自我吸收 ; self-confident 自信的) 自身的；为自身的

self-abandon /selfəˈbænd(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 self-abandonment)  the abandonment of oneself, esp. to passion or an impulse 自暴自弃；(尤指)自我放纵 □ self-abandoned  adj.  

self-abasement /selfəˈbeism(ə)nt/ n.  the abasement or humiliation of oneself; cringing 自我贬抑；自我菲薄

self-abhorrence /selfəbˈhɒr(ə)ns/ n.  the abhorrence of oneself; self-hatred 自嫌；自我憎恶

self-abnegation /selfˌæbniˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  = SELF-DENIAL 

self-absorption /selfəbˈzɔ:pʃ(ə)n, -ˈsɔ:p-/ n.  1  absorption in oneself 自我专注 2 Physics  the absorption, by a body, of radiation emitted within it 【物理学】自我吸收 □ self-absorbed  /-ˈzɔ:bd/ adj.  

self-abuse /selfəˈbju:s/ n.  1  the reviling or abuse of oneself 自虐；自责 2  masturbation 手淫

self-accusation /selfˌækju:ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the accusing of oneself 自我谴责 □ self-accusatory  /-əˈkju:zət(ə)ri/ adj.  

self-acting /selfˈæktiŋ/ adj.  acting without external influence or control; automatic 自动的 □ self-action  /-ˈækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ self-activity  /-ækˈtiviti/ n.  

self-addressed /selfəˈdrest/ adj. (of an envelope etc.) having one's own address on for return communication 信封写上发信人地址(以便寄回发信人)的

self-adhesive /selfədˈhi:siv/ adj. (of an envelope, label, etc.) adhesive, esp. without being moistened (信封、标签等)自粘的(尤指无需弄湿)

self-adjusting /selfəˈdʒʌstiŋ/ adj. (of machinery etc.) adjusting itself (机械等)自动调节的 □ self-adjustment  n.  

self-admiration /selfˌædməˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the admiration of oneself; pride; conceit 自我赞赏；自负

self-advancement /selfədˈvɑ:nsm(ə)nt/ n.  the advancement of oneself or one's own interests 自我提高；自我发展

self-advertisement /selfədˈvɜ:tizm(ə)nt/ n.  the advertising or promotion of oneself 自我宣传，自我标榜 □ self-advertiser  /-ˈædvətaizə/ n.  

self-affirmation /selfˌæfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Psychol.  the recognition and assertion of the existence of the conscious self 【心】自我肯定

self-aggrandizement /selfəˈɡrændizm(ə)nt/ n. (also 亦作 -isement)  the act or process of trying to make oneself more powerful or seemingly more important (在名利、权势方面)自我膨胀 □ self-aggrandizing  /-ˈɡrændaiziŋ/ adj.  

self-analysis /selfəˈnælisis/ n. Psychol.  the analysis of oneself, one's motives, character, etc. 【心】(动机、性格等的)自我分析 □ self-analysing  /-ˈæn(ə)laiziŋ/ adj.  

self-appointed /selfəˈpɔintid/ adj.  designated so by oneself, not authorized by another 自封的  a self-appointed guardian  自封的监护人

self-appreciation /ˌselfəpri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, -si-/ n.  a good opinion of oneself; conceit 自我欣赏；自负

self-approbation /selfˌæprəˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  approval of oneself; self-appreciation 自我嘉许；自我陶醉

self-approval /selfəˈpru:v(ə)l/ n.  = SELF-APPRECIATION 

self-assembly /selfəˈsembli/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the construction of furniture etc. from materials sold in kit form (家具等)自己组装

self-assertion /selfəˈsɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the aggressive promotion of oneself, one's views, etc. 自作主张；逞强 □ self-asserting  adj.  □ self-assertive  adj.  □ self-assertiveness  n.  

self-assurance /selfəˈʃʊər(ə)ns/ n.  confidence in one's own abilities etc. 自信 □ self-assured  adj.  □ self-assuredly  adv.  

self-aware /selfəˈwɛə/ adj.  conscious of one's character, feelings, motives, etc. 自知的，自明的 □ self-awareness  n.  

self-begotten /selfbiˈɡɒt(ə)n/ adj.  produced by oneself or itself; not made externally 自生的；自我产生的

self-betrayal /selfbiˈtreiəl/ n.  1  the betrayal of oneself 自我暴露 2  the inadvertent revelation of one's true thoughts etc. (自己的真实想法等)不经意的暴露

self-binder /selfˈbaində/ n.  a reaping machine with an automatic mechanism for binding the sheaves 自动割捆机

self-born /selfˈbɔ:n/ adj.  produced by itself or oneself; not made externally 自生的；自我产生的

self-build /selfˈbild/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the building of homes by their future owners 住房自建(由房主自建住房)  self-build cooperative  自建住房合作社 □ self-builder  n.  

self-catering /selfˈkeit(ə)riŋ/ adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●adj. (esp. of a holiday or holiday premises) providing rented accommodation with cooking facilities but without food (尤指度假或度假地点)自供伙食的 ●n.  the activity of catering for oneself in rented temporary or holiday accommodation 自供伙食

self-censorship /selfˈsensəʃip/ n.  the censoring of oneself 自我审查

self-centred /selfˈsentəd/ adj.  preoccupied with one's own personality or affairs; selfish 自我中心的；自私的 □ self-centredly  adv.  □ self-centredness  n.  

self-certify /selfˈsɜ:tifai/ v. tr. Brit. [英]  1  attest to in writing (a thing concerning oneself, esp. one's financial standing) 自我证明(尤指资金状况) 2 (as 作 self-certified adj.)  acquired as a result of such attestation 通过自我证明得到的  self-certified loan  自证贷款 □ self-certification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-cleaning /selfˈkli:niŋ/ adj. (esp. of an oven) cleaning itself when heated etc. (尤指炉子加热后)自动清洁的，自行净化的

self-closing /selfˈkləʊziŋ/ adj. (of a door etc.) closing automatically (门等)自动关闭的

self-cocking /selfˈkɒkiŋ/ adj. (of a gun) with the hammer raised by the trigger, not by hand (枪)自动击发的

self-collected /selfkəˈlektid/ adj.  composed, serene, self-assured 镇定的；沉着的；自信的

self-coloured /selfˈkʌləd/ adj. (US [美] self-colored)  1  a  having the same colour throughout 单色的b (of material) natural; undyed (材料)本色的；未染色的 2  a (of a flower) of uniform colour (花)单色的b  having its colour unchanged by cultivation or hybridization (培育或杂交后)不改变原色的

self-command /selfkəˈmɑ:nd/ n.  = SELF-CONTROL 

self-communion /selfkəˈmju:njən/ n.  meditation upon one's own character, conduct, etc. 自省

self-conceit /selfkənˈsi:t/ n.  = SELF-SATISFACTION  □ self-conceited  adj.  

self-condemnation /selfˌkɒndemˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the blaming of oneself 自责 2  the inadvertent revelation of one's own sin, crime, etc. (自身罪孽、罪行等)不经意的暴露 □ self-condemned  /-kənˈdemd/ adj.  

self-confessed /selfkənˈfest/ adj.  openly admitting oneself to be 自动坦白的  a self-confessed thief  自动坦白的窃贼

self-confidence /selfˈkɒnfid(ə)ns/ n.  = SELF-ASSURANCE  □ self-confident  adj.  □ self-confidently  adv.  

self-congratulation /ˌselfkənɡrætjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  = SELF-SATISFACTION  □ self-congratulatory  /-kənˈɡrætʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.  

self-conquest /selfˈkɒŋkwest/ n.  the overcoming of one's worst characteristics etc. 自我克制；自我战胜(弱点等)

self-conscious /selfˈkɒnʃəs/ adj.  1  unduly aware of one's appearance or actions through embarrassment or shyness 难为情的；不自然的；忸怩的 2 Philos.  having knowledge of one's own existence; self-contemplating 【哲】有自我意识的；自觉的 □ self-consciously  adv.  □ self-consciousness  n.  

self-consistent /selfkənˈsist(ə)nt/ adj. (of parts of the same whole etc.) consistent; not conflicting (整体中各部分)自相一致的；一贯的 □ self-consistency  n.  

self-constituted /selfˈkɒnstitju:tid/ adj. (of a person, group, etc.) assuming a function without authorization or right; self-appointed (个人或团体等)自行设立的；自我任命的

self-contained /selfkənˈteind/ adj.  1 (of a person) uncommunicative; independent (人)沉默寡言的；独立的 2 Brit. (esp. of living accommodation) complete in itself [英] (尤指住所)设施完备的 □ self-containment  n.  

self-contempt /selfkənˈtem(p)t/ n.  contempt for oneself 自贱；自卑 □ self-contemptuous  adj.  

self-content /selfkənˈtent/ n.  satisfaction with oneself, one's life, achievements, etc. 自满；自鸣得意 □ self-contented  adj.  

self-contradiction /selfˌkɒntrəˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  internal inconsistency 自相矛盾 □ self-contradictory  adj.  

self-control /selfkənˈtrəʊl/ n.  the power of controlling one's external reactions, emotions, etc. 自我控制，自制 □ self-controlled  adj.  

self-convicted /selfkənˈviktid/ adj.  = self-condemned (see 见 SELF-CONDEMNATION) 

self-correcting /selfkəˈrektiŋ/ adj.  correcting itself without external help 自我纠正的

self-created /selfkriˈeitid/ adj.  created by oneself or itself 自创的；自行建立的 □ self-creation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-critical /selfˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  critical of oneself, one's abilities, etc. 自我批评的 □ self-criticism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.  

self-deception /selfdiˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n.  deceiving oneself esp. concerning one's true feelings etc. (尤指对于个人真实感情等)自欺欺人 □ self-deceit  /-diˈsi:t/ n.  □ self-deceiver  /diˈsi:və/ n.  □ self-deceiving  /-diˈsi:viŋ/ adj.  □ self-deceptive  adj.  

self-defeating /selfdiˈfi:tiŋ/ adj. (of an attempt, action, etc.) doomed to failure because of internal inconsistencies etc. (尝试、行动等由于内部矛盾)注定失败的；自我挫败的

self-defence /selfdiˈfens/ n.  1  a defence of oneself, one's rights or position 自卫  hit him in self-defence  在自卫中击中了他 2  an instance of aggression in such defence 自卫反击  it was self-defence  那是自卫反击 □ the noble art of self-defence   boxing 拳击术□ self-defensive  adj.  

self-delight /selfdiˈlait/ n.  delight in oneself or one's existence 自愉

self-delusion /selfdiˈlu:ʒ(ə)n, -ˈlju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of deluding oneself 自欺

self-denial /selfdiˈnaiəl/ n.  the denial of one's own interests, needs, etc.; self-sacrifice 自我否定；忘我；自我牺牲 □ self-denying  adj.  

self-denying ordinance n. Brit. hist.  a resolution of the Long Parliament 1645 depriving Members of Parliament of civil and military office [英史义]自我否定法令 (1645 年长期议会剥夺议员的公职和军职的决议)

self-dependence /selfdiˈpend(ə)ns/ adj.  dependence only on oneself or itself; independence 自力的，自力更生的；独立的 □ self-dependent  adj.  

self-deprecation /selfˌdepriˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of disparaging or belittling oneself 自我贬低 □ self-deprecating  /-ˈdeprikeitiŋ/ adj.  □ self-deprecatingly  /-ˈdeprikeitiŋli/ adv.  □ self-deprecatory  adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEPRECATE. 见 DEPRECATE 的用法说明。 

self-depreciation /ˌselfdipri:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  = SELF-DEPRECATION  □ self-depreciatory  /-ˈpri:ʃ(i)ət(ə)ri/ adj.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at DEPRECATE. 见 DEPRECATE 的用法说明。 

self-despair /selfdiˈspɛə/ n.  despair with oneself 自我绝望

self-destroying /selfdiˈstrɔiiŋ/ adj.  destroying oneself or itself 自我毁灭的，自毁的

self-destruct /selfdiˈstrʌkt/ v. & adj. orig. N. Amer. [源于北美] ●v. intr. (of a spacecraft, bomb, etc.) explode or disintegrate automatically, esp. when pre-set to do so (宇宙飞行器、炸弹等尤指按预定程序)自毁 ●attrib. adj.  enabling a thing to self-destruct 使(某物)自毁的  a self-destruct device  一个自毁装置

self-destruction /selfdiˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or an act of destroying oneself or itself 自毁；自毁过程 2 orig. N. Amer.  the process or an act of self-destructing [源于北美]自毁；自毁过程 □ self-destructive  adj.  □ self-destructively  adv.  

self-determination /ˌselfditɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a nation's right to determine its own allegiance, government, etc. (国家或民族的)自决权；自主权 2  the ability to act with free will, as opposed to fatalism etc. (与宿命论等相对的)自决；自主 □ self-determined  /-ˈtɜ:mind/ adj.  □ self-determining  /-ˈtɜ:miniŋ/ adj.  

self-development /selfdiˈveləpm(ə)nt/ n.  the development of oneself, one's abilities, etc. 自我发展

self-devotion /selfdiˈvəʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  the devotion of oneself to a person or cause (对事业的)自我献身；(对某人的)尽忠

self-discipline /selfˈdisiplin/ n.  the act of or ability to apply oneself, control one's feelings, etc.; self-control 自我约束，自律；自制 □ self-disciplined  adj.  

self-discovery /selfdiˈskʌv(ə)ri/ n.  the process of acquiring insight into oneself, one's character, desires, etc. 自我发现；自我认识

self-disgust /selfdisˈɡʌst/ n.  disgust with oneself 自我嫌弃；自我厌恶

self-doubt /selfˈdaʊt/ n.  lack of confidence in oneself, one's abilities, etc. (对自身能力等的)自我怀疑

self-drive /selfˈdraiv/ adj. Brit. (of a hired vehicle) driven by the hirer [英] (车辆)租来自己驾驶的

self-educated /selfˈedjʊkeitid/ adj.  educated by oneself by reading etc., without formal instruction (未经正规训练的)自修的；自学的 □ self-education  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-effacing /selfiˈfeisiŋ/ adj.  retiring; modest; timid 谦让的；逊让的；胆怯的 □ self-effacement  n.  □ self-effacingly  adv.  

self-elective /selfiˈlektiv/ adj. Brit. (of a committee etc.) proceeding esp. by co-opting members etc. [英] (委员会等成员之间)自选的；(尤指成员之间)相互推举的

self-employed /selfimˈplɔid/ adj.  working for oneself, as a freelance or owner of a business etc.; not employed by an employer 自雇的，非受雇于人的 □ self-employment  n.  

self-esteem /selfiˈsti:m/ n.  a good opinion of oneself 自尊

self-evident /selfˈevid(ə)nt/ adj.  obvious; without the need of evidence or further explanation 不言而喻的 □ self-evidence  n.  □ self-evidently  adv.  

self-examination /ˌselfiɡzæmiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the study of one's own conduct, reasons, etc. (对自己的行为、原因等的)自省 2  the examining of one's body for signs of illness etc. (身体的)自我检查

self-executing /selfˈeksikju:tiŋ/ adj. Law (of a law, legal clause, etc.) not needing legislation etc. to be enforced; automatic 【法律】(法律条款等)无需立法即刻生效的；自动生效的

self-existent /selfiɡˈzist(ə)nt/ adj.  existing without prior cause; independent 自己存在的；独立存在的

self-explanatory /selfikˈsplænət(ə)ri/ adj.  easily understood; not needing explanation 不解自明的；毋需解释的

self-expression /selfikˈspreʃ(ə)n/ n.  the expression of one's feelings, thoughts, etc., esp. in writing, painting, music, etc. (尤指在写作、图画、音乐等方面的)个性表现；自我表现 □ self-expressive  adj.  

self-faced /selfˈfeist/ adj. (of stone) unhewn; undressed (石头)未经修凿的

self-feeder /selfˈfi:də/ n.  1  a furnace, machine, etc., that renews its own fuel or material automatically (自动更新燃料的)自动加料炉；自动加料机 2  a device for supplying food to farm animals automatically (牧业)自动饲喂器 □ self-feeding  adj.  

self-fertile /selfˈfɜ:tail/ adj. (of a plant etc.) self-fertilizing (植物)自花可稔的 □ self-fertility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.  

self-fertilization /selfˌfɜ:tilaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  the fertilization of plants and some invertebrate animals by their own pollen or sperm, not that of another 自株传粉，自花受精 □ self-fertilized  /-ˈfɜ:tilaizd/ adj.  □ self-fertilizing  /-ˈfɜ:tilaiziŋ/ adj.  

self-financing /selfˈfainænsiŋ/ adj.  that finances itself, esp. (of a project or undertaking) that pays for its own implementation or continuation (尤指项目或企业)自筹资金的 □ self-financed  adj.  

self-flagellation /ˌselfflædʒəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the flagellation of oneself, esp. as a form of religious discipline (尤指作为教规的)自责；自罚 2  excessive self-criticism 过分的自责

self-flattery /selfˈflæt(ə)ri/ n.  = SELF-APPRECIATION  □ self-flattering  adj.  

self-forgetful /selffəˈɡetfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  unselfish 无私的；忘我的 □ self-forgetfulness  n.  

self-fulfilling /selffʊlˈfiliŋ/ adj. (of a prophecy, forecast, etc.) bound to come true as a result of actions brought about by its being made (预言、预报等)自我实现的

self-fulfilment /selffʊlˈfilm(ə)nt/ n. (US [美] -fulfillment)  the fulfilment of one's own hopes and ambitions (期望、抱负等)自我实现

self-generating /selfˈdʒenəreitiŋ/ adj.  generated by itself or oneself, not externally (不依赖外力)自生的，自己发生的

self-glorification /selfˌɡlɔ:rifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the proclamation of oneself, one's abilities, etc.; boasting 自我标榜；自我吹嘘

self-governing /selfˈɡʌv(ə)niŋ/ adj.  1 (of a British hospital or school) having opted out of local authority control (英国医院或学校)自行管理的 2 (esp. of a former colony etc.) administering its own affairs (尤指前殖民地等)自治的

self-government /selfˈɡʌv(ə)nm(ə)nt/ n.  1 (esp. of a former colony etc.) government by its own people (尤指旧时殖民地等)自治 2  = SELF-CONTROL  □ self-governed  adj.  

self-hate /selfˈheit/ n.  = SELF-HATRED 

self-hatred /selfˈheitrid/ n.  hatred of oneself, esp. of one's actual self when contrasted with one's imagined self (尤指将真实的自我与想像的自我进行对比时的)自我憎恨

self-heal /ˈselfhi:l/ n.  any of several plants, esp. Prunella vulgaris, believed to have healing properties 自体愈合植物(尤指夏枯草)

self-help /selfˈhelp/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  the theory that individuals should provide for their own support and improvement in society 自助 2  the act or faculty of providing for or improving oneself 自助行为  self-help groups  自助团体

selfhood /ˈselfhʊd/ n.  personality, separate and conscious existence 自我；个性

self-image /selfˈimidʒ/ n.  one's own idea or picture of oneself, esp. in relation to others (尤指相对于他人的)自我形象

self-immolation /ˌselfiməˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the offering of oneself as a sacrifice 自我牺牲；自焚

self-importance /selfimˈpɔ:t(ə)ns/ n.  a high opinion of oneself; pompousness 妄自尊大；自大 □ self-important  adj.  □ self-importantly  adv.  

self-imposed /selfimˈpəʊzd/ adj. (of a task or condition etc.) imposed on and by oneself, not externally (任务或条件等)自愿承担的；自己强加的  self-imposed exile  自愿要求的流放

self-improvement /selfimˈpru:vm(ə)nt/ n.  the improvement of one's own position or disposition by one's own efforts (地位或性格)自我完善，自我改进

self-induced /selfinˈdju:st/ adj.  1  induced by oneself or itself 自己导致的 2 Electr.  produced by self-induction 【电】自感应的

self-inductance /selfinˈdʌkt(ə)ns/ n. Electr.  the property of an electric circuit that causes an electromotive force to be generated in it by a change in the current flowing through it (cf. 参见 MUTUAL INDUCTANCE) 【电】自感

self-induction /selfinˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. Electr.  the production of an electromotive force in a circuit when the current in that circuit is varied 【电】自感应 □ self-inductive  adj.  

self-indulgent /selfinˈdʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  indulging or tending to indulge oneself in pleasure, idleness, etc. 自我放纵的 2 (of a work of art etc.) lacking economy and control (艺术作品等)缺乏简练的 □ self-indulgence  n.  □ self-indulgently  adv.  

self-inflicted /selfinˈfliktid/ adj. (esp. of a wound, damage, etc.) inflicted by and on oneself, not externally (尤指伤残等)加于自身的

self-interest /selfˈint(ə)rist/ n.  one's personal interest or advantage 自身利益；私利 □ self-interested  adj.  

self-involved /selfinˈvɒlvd/ adj.  wrapped up in oneself or one's own thoughts 自我专注的 □ self-involvement  n.  

selfish /ˈselfiʃ/ adj.  1  deficient in consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure; actuated by self-interest 自私的，自利的 2 (of a motive etc.) appealing to self-interest (动机等)利己的 □ selfishly  adv.  □ selfishness  n.  

self-justification /selfˌdʒʌstifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the justification or excusing of oneself, one's actions, etc. 自我辩解；自我辩白 □ self-justifying  /-ˈdʒʌstifaiiŋ/ adj.  

self-knowledge /selfˈnɒlidʒ/ n.  the understanding of oneself, one's motives, etc. 自知；自明

selfless /ˈselflis/ adj.  disregarding oneself or one's own interests; unselfish 不顾自己或自己的利益的，忘我的；无私的 □ selflessly  adv.  □ selflessness  n.  

self-loading /selfˈləʊdiŋ/ adj. (esp. of a gun) loading itself (尤指枪炮)自动装弹药的 □ self-loader  n.  

self-locking /selfˈlɒkiŋ/ adj.  locking itself 自动锁住的

self-love /selfˈlʌv/ n.  1  selfishness; self-indulgence 自私；自我放纵 2 Philos.  regard for one's own well-being and happiness 【哲】自爱

self-made /selfˈmeid/ adj.  1  successful or rich by one's own effort 白手起家的；自力成功的 2  made by oneself 自造的；自制的

self-mastery /selfˈmɑ:st(ə)ri/ n.  = SELF-CONTROL 

selfmate /ˈselfmeit/ n. Chess  checkmate in which a player forces the opponent to achieve checkmate 【棋类】自我将死

self-mocking /selfˈmɒkiŋ/ adj.  mocking oneself or itself 自我嘲笑，自嘲

self-motion /selfˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n.  motion caused by oneself or itself, not externally 自动 □ self-moving  /-ˈmu:viŋ/ adj.  

self-motivated /selfˈməʊtiveitid/ adj.  acting on one's own initiative without external pressure 自我激励的 □ self-motivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-murder /selfˈmɜ:də/ n.  = SUICIDE  □ self-murderer  n.  

self-mutilation /ˌselfmju:tiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the mutilation of oneself 自残；自我毁伤

self-neglect /selfniˈɡlekt/ n.  neglect of oneself 自我忽略

selfness /ˈselfnis/ n.  1  individuality, personality, essence 个性；本性 2  selfishness or self-regard 自私；利己

self-opinionated /selfəˈpinjəneitid/ adj.  1  stubbornly adhering to one's own opinions 固执己见的 2  arrogant 自负的 □ self-opinion  n.  

self-parody /selfˈpærədi/ n.  the act or an instance of parodying oneself 自我模仿；自我嘲弄 □ self-parodying  adj.  

self-perpetuating /selfpəˈpetʃʊeitiŋ, -tjʊeit-/ adj.  perpetuating itself or oneself without external agency 自我永久延续的；自我长存的 □ self-perpetuation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-pity /selfˈpiti/ n.  extreme sorrow for one's own troubles etc. (极度的)自我怜悯，自怜 □ self-pitying  adj.  □ self-pityingly  adv.  

self-pollination /selfˌpɒliˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same plant 自花授粉 □ self-pollinated  adj.  □ self-pollinating  adj.  □ self-pollinator  n.  

self-portrait /selfˈpɔ:trit/ n.  a portrait or description of an artist, writer, etc., by himself or herself (画家、作家等的)自画像；自述

self-possessed /selfpəˈzest/ adj.  habitually exercising self-control; composed 泰然自若的；沉着镇定的 □ self-possession  /-ˈzeʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-praise /selfˈpreiz/ n.  boasting; self-glorification 自我吹嘘；自我赞赏，自我美化

self-preservation /selfˌprezəˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the preservation of one's own life, safety, etc. (生命、安全等的)自我保护；自卫 2  this as a basic instinct of human beings and animals (人与动物的)自我保护本能；自卫本能

self-proclaimed /selfprəˈkleimd/ adj.  proclaimed by oneself or itself to be such 自称的

self-propagating /selfˈprɒpəɡeitiŋ/ adj. (esp. of a plant) able to propagate itself (尤指植物)自我繁殖的

self-propelled /selfprəˈpeld/ adj. (esp. of a motor vehicle etc.) moving or able to move without external propulsion (尤指机动车辆等)自行驱动的；自力推动的 □ self-propelling  adj.  

self-protection /selfprəˈtekʃ(ə)n/ n.  protecting oneself or itself 自我保护 □ self-protective  adj.  

self-raising /selfˈreiziŋ/ adj. Brit. (of flour) having a raising agent already added [英] (面粉在加工时已加入发酵粉的)自发酵的

self-realization /selfˌriəlaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  the development of one's faculties, abilities, etc. 自我实现(自身素质和能力等的发挥与展现) 2  this as an ethical principle (作为伦理原则的)自我实现论

self-recording /selfriˈkɔ:diŋ/ adj. (of a scientific instrument etc.) automatically recording its measurements (科学仪器等)自动记录(测量结果)的

self-referential /selfˌrefəˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  characterized by or making reference to oneself or itself 自我指认的；自指的 □ self-referentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  

self-regard /selfriˈɡɑ:d/ n.  1  a proper regard for oneself 自尊 2  a  selfishness 自私b  conceit 自负 □ self-regarding  adj.  

self-registering /selfˈredʒist(ə)riŋ/ adj. (of a scientific instrument etc.) automatically registering its measurements (科学仪器等)自动记录(测量结果)的

self-regulating /selfˈreɡjʊleitiŋ/ adj.  regulating oneself or itself without intervention 自动调节的 □ self-regulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ self-regulatory  /-lət(ə)ri/ adj.  

self-reliance /selfriˈlaiəns/ n.  reliance on one's own resources etc.; independence 自立；独立自主 □ self-reliant  adj.  □ self-reliantly  adv.  

self-renewal /selfriˈnju:əl/ n.  the act or process of renewing oneself or itself 自行更新

self-renunciation /ˌselfrinʌnsiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  = SELF-SACRIFICE  2  unselfishness 无私；忘我

self-reproach /selfriˈprəʊtʃ/ n.  reproach or blame directed at oneself 自我谴责；自责 □ self-reproachful  adj.  

self-respect /selfriˈspekt/ n.  respect for oneself, a feeling that one is behaving with honour, dignity, etc. 自尊；自尊心 □ self-respecting  adj.  

self-restraint /selfriˈstreint/ n.  = SELF-CONTROL  □ self-restrained  adj.  

self-revealing /selfriˈvi:liŋ/ adj.  revealing one's character, motives, etc., esp. inadvertently (尤指不经意地) (性格、动机等的)自我揭示的，自己流露的 □ self-revelation  /-revəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

self-righteous /selfˈraitʃəs/ adj.  excessively conscious of or insistent on one's rectitude, correctness, etc. 自以为是的 □ self-righteously  adv.  □ self-righteousness  n.  

self-righting /selfˈraitiŋ/ adj. (of a boat) righting itself when capsized (船只倾斜后)自动扶正的

self-rising /selfˈraiziŋ/ adj. US [美]  = SELF-RAISING 

self-rule /selfˈru:l/ n.  = SELF-GOVERNMENT 1 

self-sacrifice /selfˈsækrifais/ n.  the negation of one's own interests, wishes, etc., in favour of those of others (兴趣、利益等的)自我牺牲 □ self-sacrificing  adj.  

selfsame /ˈselfseim/ attrib. adj. (prec. by 前接 the)  the very same 相同的；同一的  the selfsame village  同一村庄

self-satisfaction /ˌselfsætisˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  excessive and unwarranted satisfaction with oneself, one's achievements, etc.; complacency 自满；沾沾自喜；自鸣得意 □ self-satisfied  /-ˈsætisfaid/ adj.  

self-sealing /selfˈsi:liŋ/ adj.  1 (of a pneumatic tyre, fuel tank, etc.) automatically able to seal small punctures (充气胎、油箱等)能自动闭合的 2 (of an envelope) self-adhesive (信封)自行封口的

self-seed /selfˈsi:d/ v. intr. (of a plant) propagate itself by seed (植物)种子繁殖的 □ self-seeder  n.  □ self-seeding  adj.  

self-seeking /selfˈsi:kiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  seeking one's own welfare before that of others 追逐私利的 ●n.  the activity of doing this 追逐私利 □ self-seeker  n.  

self-selection /selfsiˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act of selecting oneself or itself 自选 □ self-selecting  adj.  

self-service /selfˈsɜ:vis/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often 常作 attrib.)  1 (of a shop, restaurant, garage, etc.) where customers serve themselves and pay at a checkout counter etc. (商店、餐馆等)自助的 2 (of a machine) serving goods after the insertion of coins (机器)自动售货的 ●n. colloq.  a self-service store, garage, etc. [口]自助商店(或加油站等)

self-serving /selfˈsɜ:viŋ/ adj. & n.  = SELF-SEEKING 

self-slaughter /selfˈslɔ:tə/ n.  = SUICIDEn. 1a. 

self-sown /selfˈsəʊn/ adj.  grown from seed scattered naturally 自然播种的

self-starter /selfˈstɑ:tə/ n.  1  an electric appliance for starting a motor vehicle engine without the use of a crank (汽车引擎)自动起动装置 2  an ambitious person who needs no external motivation 主动做事的人

self-sterile /selfˈsterail/ adj. Biol.  not self-fertilizing 【生】自花不稔的；自体不育的 □ self-sterility  /-stəˈriliti/ n.  

self-styled /selfˈstaild/ adj.  called so by oneself; would-be; pretended 自称的；自封的  a self-styled artist  自封的艺术家

self-sufficient /selfsəˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  needing nothing; independent 什么都不缺的，自足的；独立的b (of a person, nation, etc.) able to supply one's needs for a commodity, esp. food, from one's own resources (尤指在粮食方面个人、国家等)自给自足的 2  content with one's own opinion; arrogant 傲慢的；自负的 □ self-sufficiency  n.  □ self-sufficiently  adv.  □ self-sufficing  /-səˈfaisiŋ/ adj.  

self-suggestion /selfsəˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  = AUTO-SUGGESTION 

self-supporting /selfsəˈpɔ:tiŋ/ adj.  1  capable of maintaining oneself or itself financially 自立的，自食其力的 2  staying up or standing without external aid (不需外力而能)自承的，自撑的 □ self-support  n.  

self-surrender /selfsəˈrendə/ n.  the surrender of oneself or one's will etc. to an influence, emotion, or other person (对外界影响、感情或他人)自甘屈服；自甘屈从

self-sustaining /selfsəˈsteiniŋ/ adj.  sustaining oneself or itself 自给自足的 □ self-sustained  adj.  

self-tapping /selfˈtæpiŋ/ adj. (of a screw) able to cut its own thread (螺丝钉)可自制螺纹的

self-taught /selfˈtɔ:t/ adj.  educated or trained by oneself, not externally 自学的

self-torture /selfˈtɔ:tʃə/ n.  the inflicting of pain, esp. mental, on oneself (尤指心灵上)自我折磨；自我摧残

self-understanding /ˌselfʌndəˈstændiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of comprehending one's actions and reactions 自我理解 2  sympathetic tolerance or awareness of oneself 自我容忍；自知之明

self-willed /selfˈwild/ adj.  obstinately pursuing one's own wishes 任性的；固执的 □ self-will  n.  

self-winding /selfˈwaindiŋ/ adj. (of a watch etc.) having an automatic winding apparatus (手表等)自动上发条的

self-worth /selfˈwɜ:θ/ n.  = SELF-ESTEEM 

Seljuk /ˈseldʒu:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of any of the Turkish dynasties (11th － 13th c.) of central and western Asia preceding Ottoman rule (11 至 13 世纪奥托曼统治前中西亚土耳其王朝的)塞尔柱人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Seljuks 塞尔柱人的 □ Seljukian  /-ˈdʒu:kiən/ adj. & n.   [Turkish seljūq (the name of their reputed ancestor)]

sell /sel/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. sold /səʊld/)  1 tr.  make over or dispose of in exchange for money 卖，出售 2 tr.  keep a stock of for sale or be a dealer in 经销  do you sell candles?  你们这里卖蜡烛吗？ 3  a intr. (of goods) be purchased (货物)有销路  will never sell  将永远卖不出去 these are selling well  这些东西销路很好b tr. (of a publication or recording) attain sales of (a specified number of copies) (出版物或音像制品)达到…销售量  the book has sold 10,000 copies  这本书已售出一万册 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, for)  have a specified price 定价  sells at £ 5  以 5 英镑的价格出售 5 tr.  a  betray for money or other reward 出卖；背叛  sell one's country  出卖自己的国家b  offer dishonourably for money or other reward; make a matter of corrupt bargaining 出卖；做肮脏交易  sell justice  出卖正义 sell one's honour  不顾个人名声而进行肮脏的交易 6 tr.  a  advertise or publish the merits of 推销b  give (a person) information on the value of something, inspire with a desire to buy or acquire or agree to something 推荐；使接受，使采纳 7 tr.  cause to be sold 使被售出  the author's name alone will sell many copies  单是作者的名字即可保证售出很多册 8 tr. esp. Brit. slang  disappoint by not keeping an engagement etc., by failing in some way, or by trickery [尤英] [俚语]欺骗；愚弄  sold again!  又上当了！ ●n. colloq. [口]  1  a manner of selling 销售方法  soft sell  劝诱推销；软推销 2  a deception or disappointment 欺骗；失信 □ sell a person a bill of goods  N. Amer. [北美]  see 见 BILL OF GOODS □ sell down the river   see 见 RIVER □ sell the (or a) dummy   see 见 DUMMY □ sell one's life dear (or dearly)   do great injury before being killed 死得够本(死前给敌方造成重大伤亡)□ sell off   sell the remainder of (goods) at reduced prices 廉价出售(存货)□ sell oneself   1  promote one's own abilities 自我宣传；自我推荐 2  a  offer one's services dishonourably for money or other reward (为了金钱或其他好处而)提供服务b  be a prostitute 作妓女，卖淫□ sell out   1  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  sell all one's stock of a commodity 售完(全部存货)  the shop sold out of bread  商店里所有面包都已售完了 wanted to buy some milk but the shop had sold out  想买些牛奶可商店已经售完b (of a commodity) be completely or all sold (商品)全部售光  tickets are quickly selling out  票很快便会售完c (of a performance etc.) sell all its tickets (演出等)售出所有的票  the Christmas pantomime always sells out before December  圣诞节童话剧的票总是在 12 月前就销售一空d (also absol. [亦含宾])  dispose of the whole of (one's property, shares, etc.) by sale 全部售出(财产、股票等) 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  abandon one's principles, honourable aims, etc. for personal gain 出卖(原则、高尚目标等)；(为求私利而)做肮脏交易b  betray (a person etc.) 背叛(某人等)□ sell the pass   see 见 PASS2 □ sell a person a pup   see 见 PUP □ sell short   disparage, underestimate 轻视；低估□ sell up  Brit. [英]  1  sell one's business, house, etc. 出售(自己的商店、房子等) 2  sell the goods of (a debtor) 出售(债务人)的货物□ sold on  colloq.  enthusiastic about [口]极其热情的□ sellable  adj.   [Old English sellan, from Germanic]

sell-by date n. Brit. [英]  1  the latest recommended date of sale marked on the packaging of perishable food etc. (易腐败食品等的)销售截止日期 2 (often in phr. 常用于短语 past his, her, its, etc. sell-by date)  the time after which a commodity is not saleable, or a person or thing is no longer attractive or fit for an activity (商品的)销售期；(人或事物)引人感兴趣的时限  the bus was well past its sell-by date  这辆公共汽车早就过了它的销售期了 has Ibsen reached his sell-by date?  易卜生(的作品)还能引起人们的兴趣吗？

seller /ˈselə/ n.  1  a person who sells 卖者；卖方 2  a commodity that sells well or badly 售出物品 □ seller's (or sellers') market   an economic position in which goods are scarce and expensive 卖方市场(其特点是商品短缺，价格高昂)

selling point n.  an advantageous feature (产品等的)优势；特色；卖点

selling race n.  a horse race after which the winning horse must be auctioned 拍卖马赛(指赛马后获胜马即被拍卖)

sell-off n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  the privatization of a state company by a sale of shares (通过出售股票)国企私有化 2 esp. US Stock Exch.  a sale or disposal of bonds, shares, etc., usu. causing a fall in price [尤美]【股】引起跌价的抛股 3  a sale, esp. to dispose of property (尤指财产的)出售

Sellotape /ˈselə(ʊ)teip/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n. propr.  adhesive usu. transparent cellulose or plastic tape [商标]透明胶带 ●v. tr. (作 sellotape)  fix with Sellotape (用透明胶带)固定 [CELLULOSE + TAPE]

sell-out n.  1  a commercial success, esp. the selling of all tickets for a show 售完，脱销(尤指演出的满座) 2  a betrayal 出卖；背叛

seltzer /ˈseltzə/ n. (in full 全称 seltzer water)  1  medicinal mineral water from Nieder-Selters in Germany (德国)赛尔脱兹矿泉水 2  an artificial substitute for this; soda water 赛尔脱兹人造矿泉水；汽水 [German Selterser ‘from Selters ’]

selvedge /ˈselvidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 selvage)  1  a  an edging that prevents cloth from unravelling (either an edge along the warp or a specially woven edging) (布的)织边；布边b  a border of different material or finish intended to be removed or hidden (准备除去或遮住的)余边 2 Geol.  an alteration zone at the edge of a rock mass 【地质】断层泥 3  the edge-plate of a lock with an opening for the bolt 锁孔板 [Middle English from SELF + EDGE, on the pattern of Dutch selfegghe]

selves pl.  of SELF  

SEM abbr.  scanning electron microscope [缩略]扫描电子显微镜

semanteme /siˈmænti:m/ n. Linguistics  a fundamental element expressing an image or idea 【语言学】义素(表达形象和概念的基本单位) [French sémantème (as SEMANTIC)]

semantic /siˈmæntik/ adj.  relating to meaning in language; relating to the connotations of words 语义的 □ semantically  adv.   [French sémantique from Greek sēmantikos ‘significant’, via sēmainō ‘signify’ from sēma ‘sign’]

semantics /siˈmæntiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of linguistics concerned with meaning 语义学(研究意义的语言学分支) □ semantician  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ semanticist  /-tisist/ n.  

semaphore /ˈseməfɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mil.  etc. a system of sending messages by holding the arms or two flags in certain positions according to an alphabetic code 【军】旗语 2  a signalling apparatus consisting of a post with a movable arm or arms, lanterns, etc., for use (esp. on railways) by day or night (尤指铁路上的)臂板信号机 ●v. intr. & tr.  signal or send by semaphore 打旗语，用旗语发信号 □ semaphoric  /-ˈfɒrik/ adj.  □ semaphorically  /-ˈfɒrik(ə)li/ adv.   [French sémaphore, formed irregularly from Greek sēma ‘sign’ + -phoros -PHORE]

semasiology /siˌmeiziˈɒlədʒi/ n.  semantics 语义学 □ semasiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [German Semasiologie from Greek sēmasia ‘meaning’, from sēmainō ‘signify’]

sematic /siˈmætik/ adj. Zool. (of colouring, markings, etc.) significant; serving to warn off enemies or attract attention 【动】(颜色、斑纹等)示警的；引起注意的 [Greek sēma sēmatos ‘sign’]

semblable /ˈsembləb(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a counterpart or equal 极相似的人(或物) ●adj. archaic  having the semblance of something, seeming [古义]类似的，相似的 [Middle English from Old French (as SEMBLANCE)]

semblance /ˈsembləns/ n.  1  the outward or superficial appearance of something 外貌；外观  put on a semblance of anger  显出生气的样子 2  resemblance 相似 [Middle English via Old French, from sembler, from Latin similare, simulare SIMULATE]

semeiology var.  of SEMIOLOGY  SEMIOLOGY 的变体

semeiotics var.  of SEMIOTICS  SEMIOTICS 的变体

sememe /ˈsemi:m, ˈsi:m-/ n. Linguistics  the unit of meaning carried by a morpheme 【语言学】义素 [as SEMANTIC + -EME]

semen /ˈsi:mən/ n.  the reproductive fluid of male animals, containing spermatozoa in suspension 精液 [Middle English from Latin semen seminis ‘seed’, from serere ‘to sow’]

semester /siˈmestə/ n.  a half-year course or term in (esp. German and US) universities (尤指德国和美国大学为期半年的)学期 [German from Latin semestris ‘six-monthly’, from sex ‘six’ + mensis ‘month’]

semi /ˈsemi/ n. (pl. semis) colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a semi-detached house [英]半独立式房子 2  a semi-final 半决赛 3 N. Amer. & Austral.  a semi-trailer [北美澳]半拖挂车 [abbreviation]

semi- /ˈsemi/ prefix  1  half (semicircle 半圆) 半 2  partly; in some degree or particular (semi-official 半官方的 ; semi-detached 部分分离的) 部分的；一定程度上的 3  almost (a semi-smile 一丝勉强的微笑) 几乎；勉强 4  occurring or appearing twice in a specified period (semi-annual 半年一次的) (在一段时间内)出现两次的 [French, Italian, etc. or Latin, corresponding to Greek HEMI-, Sanskrit sɑˉmi]

semi-annual /semiˈænjʊəl/ adj.  occurring, published, etc., twice a year (发生、出版等)半年一次的 □ semi-annually  adv.  

semiaquatic /ˌsemiəˈkwætik/ adj.  1 (of an animal) living partly on land and partly in water (动物)水陆两栖的 2 (of a plant) growing in very wet ground (植物)生长在潮湿地带的

semi-automatic /ˌsemiɔ:təˈmætik/ adj.  1  partially automatic 半自动的 2 (of a firearm) having a mechanism for continuous loading but not for continuous firing (武器)半自动的

semi-autonomous /ˌsemiɔ:ˈtɒnəməs/ adj.  1  partly self-governing 半自治的 2  acting to some degree independently or having the partial freedom to do so 半自主的

semi-basement /semiˈbeism(ə)nt/ n.  a storey partly below ground level 半地下室

semi-bold /semiˈbəʊld/ adj. Printing  printed in a type darker than normal but not as dark as bold 【印刷】半黑体字的，半粗体字的

semibreve /ˈsemibri:v/ n. esp. Brit. Mus.  the longest note now in common use, having the time value of two minims or four crotchets, and represented by a ring with no stem [尤英]【音】全音符(相当于 2 个二分音符或 4 个四分音符)

semicircle /ˈsemisɜ:k(ə)l/ n.  1  half of a circle or of its circumference 半圆；半圆弧 2  a set of objects ranged in, or an object forming, a semicircle 半圆形；半圆形的物体 [Latin semicirculus (as SEMI-, CIRCLE)]

semicircular /semiˈsɜ:kjʊlə/ adj.  1  forming or shaped like a semicircle 半圆形的 2  arranged as or in a semicircle 形成半圆形的 [Late Latin semicircularis (as SEMICIRCLE)]

semicircular canal n.  each of three fluid-filled channels in the ear giving information to the brain to help maintain balance (内耳中向大脑输送信息以保持身体平衡的)半规管

semi-civilized /semiˈsivilaizd/ adj.  partially civilized 半文明的；半开化的

semicolon /semiˈkəʊlən, -ˈkəʊlɒn/ n.  a punctuation mark (;) of intermediate value between a comma and full stop 分号(其作用介于逗号与句号之间)

semiconducting /ˌsemikənˈdʌktiŋ/ adj.  having the properties of a semiconductor 有半导体特性的

semiconductor /ˌsemikənˈdʌktə/ n.  a solid substance that is a non-conductor when pure or at a low temperature but has a conductivity between that of insulators and that of most metals when containing a suitable impurity or at a higher temperature and is used in integrated circuits, transistors, diodes, etc. 半导体(在纯金属或低温下不具导电性，但在绝缘体与含有一定杂质的大部分金属之间或在高温下具有导电性；用在集成电路、晶体管或二极管等中)

semi-conscious /semiˈkɒnʃəs/ adj.  partially conscious 半清醒的

semicylinder /semiˈsilində/ n.  half of a cylinder cut longitudinally 半圆柱 □ semicylindrical  /-ˈlindrik(ə)l/ adj.  

semi-darkness /semiˈdɑ:knis/ n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in the semi-darkness 在半明半暗之中)  partial darkness 半明半暗

semidemisemiquaver /ˌsemidemiˈsemikweivə/ n. esp. Brit. Mus. [尤英]【音】  = HEMIDEMISEMIQUAVER  [SEMI- + DEMISEMIQUAVER]

semi-deponent /ˌsemidiˈpəʊnənt/ adj. Gram. (of a Latin verb) having active forms in present tenses and passive forms with active sense in perfect tenses 【语法】(拉丁语动词)半异相的

semi-derelict /semiˈderəlikt/ adj.  in a partially derelict state 半遗弃的

semi-detached /ˌsemidiˈtætʃt/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a house) joined to another by a party wall on one side only (房子)半独立式的 ●n. Brit.  a semidetached house [英]半独立式房子

semidiameter /ˌsemidaiˈæmitə/ n.  half of a diameter 半径 [Late Latin (as SEMI-, DIAMETER)]

semi-documentary /ˌsemidɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a film) having a factual background and a fictitious story (电影)半纪实的(背景真实，故事虚构) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a semi-documentary film 半纪实影片

semi-dome /ˈsemidəʊm/ n.  1  a half-dome formed by vertical section (垂直剖面)半圆形穹顶 2  a part of a structure more or less resembling a dome 半圆形结构

semi-double /semiˈdʌb(ə)l/ adj. (of a flower) intermediate between single and double in having only the outer stamens converted to petals (花)半重瓣的

semi-final /semiˈfain(ə)l/ n.  a match or round immediately preceding the final 半决赛 □ semi-finalist  n.  

semi-finished /semiˈfiniʃt/ adj.  prepared for the final stage of manufacture 半制成的

semi-fitted /semiˈfitid/ adj. (of a garment) shaped to the body but not closely fitted (衣服)半紧身的

semi-fluid /semiˈflu:id/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a consistency between solid and liquid 半流体的 ●n.  a semi-fluid substance 半流体

semi-independent /ˌsemiindiˈpend(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  partially independent of control or authority 半独立的b  partially self-governing 半自治的 2  partially independent of financial support from public funds 半自筹的(部分依靠公共基金支持)

semi-infinite /semiˈinfinit/ adj. Math.  limited in one direction and stretching to infinity in the other 【数】半无限的

semi-invalid /semiˈinvəli:d, -lid/ n.  a partially disabled or somewhat infirm person 半残疾者，半病弱者

semi-liquid /semiˈlikwid/ adj. & n.  = SEMI-FLUID 

semi-literate /semiˈlit(ə)rət/ adj.  1  unable to read or write with ease or fluency; poorly educated 半文盲的 2 derog.  having little interest in literature [贬]对文学无兴趣的 3 derog. (of a text) displaying a lack of literacy on the part of the author [贬]知识浅陋的 □ semi-literacy  n.  

semi-lunar /semiˈlu:nə/ adj.  shaped like a half-moon or crescent 半月形的 [modern Latin semilunaris (as SEMI-, LUNAR)]

semi-lunar bone n.  a bone of this shape in the carpus (腕骨的)半月板

semi-lunar cartilage n.  a cartilage of this shape in the knee (膝盖的)半月形软骨

semi-lunar valve n.  a valve of this shape in the heart (心脏的)半月瓣

semi-metal /ˈsemimet(ə)l/ n.  a substance with some of the properties of metals 半金属(具有某些金属特性的物质) [modern Latin semimetallum (as SEMI-, METAL)]

semi-monthly /semiˈmʌnθli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  occurring, published, etc., twice a month (发生、出版等)半月一次的 ●adv.  twice a month 半月一次地

seminal /ˈsemin(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or relating to semen 精液的b  of or relating to the seeds of plants (植物)种子的 2  a (of ideas etc.) providing the basis for future development (思想、见解等)潜在的；含蓄的b (of a person, literary work, etc.) central to the understanding of a subject; influential (人、文学作品等)开创性的；有影响的 □ seminally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French seminal or Latin seminalis (as SEMEN)]

seminal fluid n.  semen 精液

seminar /ˈseminɑ:/ n.  1  a small class at a university etc. for discussion and research (大学里的)研究讨论班 2  a short intensive course of study 短期强化课程 3  a conference of specialists 专家讨论会 [German (as SEMINARY)]

seminary /ˈsemin(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a training college for priests, rabbis, etc. 神学院 2  a place of education or development 书院；学院 □ seminarian  /-ˈnɛəriən/ n.  □ seminarist  n.   [Middle English from Latin seminarium ‘seed-plot’, neut. of seminarius (adj.) (as SEMEN)]

seminiferous /semiˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  bearing seed 结种子的 2  conveying semen 输精液的 [Latin semin- (from SEMEN) + -FEROUS]

semi-official /ˌsemiəˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  partly official 半正式的 2 (of communications to newspapers etc.) made by an official with the stipulation that the source should not be revealed (报纸等上的消息或信息)半官方的(由官员提供但规定不可披露消息来源) □ semi-officially  adv.  

semiology /si:miˈɒlədʒi, semi-/ n. (also 亦作 semeiology)  = SEMIOTICS  □ semiological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ semiologist  n.   [Greek sēmeion ‘sign’ from sēma ‘mark’]

semi-opaque /semiə(ʊ)ˈpeik/ adj.  partially transparent 半透明的

semiotics /si:miˈɒtiks, sem-/ n. (also 亦作 semeiotics)  1  the study of signs and symbols in various fields, esp. language 符号学(研究符号在各领域，尤指在语言中的运用) 2 Med.  symptomatology 【医】症状学 □ semiotic  adj.  □ semiotical  adj.  □ semiotically  adv.  □ semiotician  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek sēmeiōtikos ‘of signs’ (as SEMIOLOGY)]

semipalmated /ˌsemipælˈmeitid/ adj. Zool.  having toes etc. webbed for part of their length 【动】具半蹼的 [SEMI- + Latin palmatus PALMATE]

semi-permanent /semiˈpɜ:m(ə)nənt/ adj.  rather less than permanent 半永久性的

semi-permeable /semiˈpɜ:miəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a membrane etc.) selectively permeable, esp. allowing passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes (膜片等)半渗透性的

semi-plume /ˈsemiplu:m/ n.  a feather with a firm stem and a downy web 半羽毛(指带有羽干和绒毛蹼的羽毛)

semi-precious /semiˈpreʃəs/ adj. (of a gem) less valuable than a precious stone (宝石)次贵重的；半宝石的

semi-pro /semiˈprəʊ/ adj. & n. (pl. -os) US colloq. [美口]  = SEMI-PROFESSIONAL 

semi-professional /ˌsemiprəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  receiving payment for an activity but not relying on it for a living 半职业的(从事某活动领取报酬但不以此谋生) 2  involving semi-professionals 由半职业人员从事的 ●n.  a semi-professional musician, sportsman, etc. 半职业音乐家(或运动员等)

semiquaver /ˈsemikweivə/ n. esp. Brit. Mus.  a note having the time value of half a quaver and represented by a large dot with a two-hooked stem Also called 亦称作 SIXTEENTH NOTE [尤英]【音】十六分音符

semi-retired /ˌsemiriˈtaiəd/ adj.  having partially retired from employment or an occupation 半退休的 □ semi-retirement  n.  

semi-rigid /semiˈridʒid/ adj. (of an airship) having a stiffened keel attached to a flexible gas container (飞艇)半硬式的

semi-skilled /semiˈskild/ adj. (of work or a worker) having or needing some training but less than for a skilled worker (工作)仅需有限技术的；(工人)半熟练的

semi-skimmed /semiˈskimd/ adj. (of milk) from which some cream has been skimmed (牛奶)半脱脂的

semi-smile /ˈsemismail/ n.  an expression that is not quite a smile 抑制的笑；勉强的笑

semi-solid /semiˈsɒlid/ adj.  viscous, semi-fluid 半固体的；半固态的

semi-sweet /semiˈswi:t/ adj. (of biscuits etc.) slightly sweetened (饼干等)微甜的

semi-synthetic /ˌsemisinˈθetik/ adj. Chem. (of a substance) that is prepared synthetically but derives from a naturally occurring material 【化】(物质)半合成的

Semite /ˈsi:mait, ˈsem-/ n.  a member of any of the peoples supposed to be descended from Shem, son of Noah (Gen. 10:21 ff.), including esp. the Jews, Arabs, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Phoenicians 闪米特人(据说为诺亚之子闪的后代，包括犹太人、阿拉伯人、亚述人、巴比伦人和腓尼基人) □ Semitism  /ˈsemitiz(ə)m/ n.  □ Semitist  /ˈsemitist/ n.  □ Semitize  /ˈsemitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Semitization  /ˌsemitaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin Semita via Late Latin from Greek Sēm ‘Shem’]

Semitic /siˈmitik/ adj.  1  of or relating to the Semites, esp. the Jews (关于)闪米特人的；(尤指) (关于)犹太人的 2  of or relating to the languages of the family including Hebrew and Arabic 闪语族的(包括希伯来语和阿拉伯语) [modern Latin Semiticus (as SEMITE)]

semitone /ˈsemitəʊn/ n. Mus.  the smallest interval used in classical European music; half a tone 【音】(欧洲古典音乐中的)半音

semi-trailer /ˈsemitreilə/ n.  a trailer having wheels at the back but supported at the front by a towing vehicle 半拖车，单轴挂车

semi-transparent /ˌsemitrænsˈpær(ə)nt, -trɑ:-, -ˈspɛə-/ adj.  partially or imperfectly transparent 半透明的

semi-tropics /semiˈtrɒpiks/ n. pl.  = SUBTROPICS  □ semi-tropical  adj.  

semivowel /ˈsemivaʊ(ə)l/ n.  1  a sound intermediate between a vowel and a consonant (e.g. 如 w, y) (介于元音与辅音之间的)半元音 2  a letter representing this 半元音字母 [after Latin semivocalis]

semi-weekly /semiˈwi:kli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  occurring, published, etc., twice a week (发生或出版)一周两次的 ●adv.  twice a week 半周一次地

semmit /ˈsemit/ n. Sc.  an undershirt [苏格兰]内衣 [Middle English: origin unknown]

semolina /seməˈli:nə/ n.  1  the hard grains left after the milling of flour, used in puddings etc. and in pasta (做布丁、通心粉等用的)粗面粉 2  a pudding etc. made of this (用粗面粉做的)布丁(等) [Italian semolino, diminutive of semola ‘bran’, from Latin simila ‘flour’]

sempervivum /sempəˈvaivəm/ n.  a succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum, esp. the houseleek 长生草属植物；(尤指)长生草 [modern Latin genus name, from Latin semper ‘always’ + vivus ‘living’]

sempiternal /sempiˈtɜ:n(ə)l/ adj. literary  eternal, everlasting [文学用语]永久的，永远的 □ sempiternally  adv.  □ sempiternity  n.   [Middle English via Old French sempiternel and Late Latin sempiternalis from Latin sempiternus, from semper ‘always’ + aeternus ‘eternal’]

semplice /ˈsemplitʃei, -tʃi, 意 ˈsemplitʃe/ adv. Mus.  in a simple style of performance 【音】(演出)单纯地，质朴地 [Italian, = SIMPLE]

sempre /ˈsemprei, -ri, 意 ˈsempre/ adv. Mus.  throughout, always 【音】自始至终  sempre forte  始终强声地 [Italian]

sempstress var.  of SEAMSTRESS  SEAMSTRESS 的变体

Semtex /ˈsemteks/ n.  a very pliable, odourless plastic explosive 塞姆特可塑炸药 [probably from Semt ín, a village in the Czech Republic near the place of production + explosive]

semé /ˈsemi, semei/ adj. (also 亦作 semée) Heraldry  covered with small bearings of indefinite number (e.g. stars, fleurs-de-lis) arranged all over the field 【纹章学】(布满星、百合等)小花纹的 [French, past part. of semer ‘to sow’]

SEN abbr. (in the UK) State Enrolled Nurse [缩略] (英国)国家在编护士

Sen. abbr. [缩略]  1  Senior  2 US [美]  a  Senator b  Senate 

senarius /siˈnɛəriəs/ n. (pl. senarii /-ii:, -iai/) Prosody  a verse of six feet, esp. an iambic trimeter 【诗体】六音步诗；(尤指)抑扬格三音步诗 [Latin: see SENARY]

senary /ˈsi:nəri, ˈsen-/ adj.  of six, by sixes 六(个)的；六进制的 [Latin senarius from seni, distributive of sex ‘six’]

senate /ˈsenit/ n. (often 常作 Senate)  1  a legislative body, esp. the smaller upper assembly in the US, France, and other countries, in states of the US, etc. (尤指美国、法国和其他国家或美国各州等的)参议院 2  the governing body of a university or (in the US) of a university or college (大学的)理事会，评议会；(美国大学或学院的)理事会，评议会 3 Rom. Hist.  the State council of the republic and empire sharing legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights [罗马]【史】元老院(与公众大会共享立法权；与政府长官共享行政权；与骑士阶层共享司法权) [Middle English via Old French senat from Latin senatus, from senex ‘old man’]

senator /ˈsenətə/ n.  1  a member of a senate 参议员 2 (in Scotland) a Lord of Session (苏格兰)最高治安法庭法官 □ senatorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ senatorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French senateur from Latin senator -oris (as SENATE)]

send /send/ v. (past and past part. sent /sent/)  1 tr.  a  order or cause to go or be conveyed 发送；邮寄  send a message to headquarters  向总部发送一条信息 sent me a book  寄给我一本书 sends goods all over the world  向世界各地发送货物b  propel; cause to move 发射；使…移动  send a bullet  发射子弹 sent him flying  把他打倒在地c  cause to go or become 使…去(做某事)；使成为  send into raptures  使狂喜 send to sleep  使入睡d  dismiss with or without force 解雇  sent her away  解雇了她 sent him about his business  叫他滚蛋 2 intr.  send a message or letter 发送(信息或信件)  he sent to warn me  他来信警告我 3 tr. (of God, providence, etc.) grant or bestow or inflict; bring about; cause to be (上帝、神等)赏赐；使发生；使成为  send rain  使降雨 send a judgement (神) 降裁决 send her victorious!  保佑她取得胜利！ 4 tr. slang  affect emotionally, put into ecstasy [俚语]使激动；使兴奋 □ send away for   send a order to a dealer for (goods) 函购(货物)□ send down  Brit.  1  rusticate or expel from a university [英] (大学)勒令退学，开除 2  sentence to imprisonment 判刑；使入狱 3 Cricket  bowl (a ball or an over) 【板球】投球□ send for   1  summon 召集；派人去叫 2  order by post 函购；订购□ send in   1  cause to go in 命(或请)…进入 2  submit (an entry etc.) for a competition etc. 提交(参加竞争的申请等)□ send off   1  get (a letter, parcel, etc.) dispatched 发送；寄出(信件、包裹等) 2  attend the departure of (a person) as a sign of respect etc. 为…送行 3 Sport (of a referee) order (a player) to leave the field and take no further part in the game 【运动】(裁判员)罚(选手)出场□ send off for   = send away for □ send on   transmit to a further destination or in advance of one's own arrival (在人到之前把…)先送；先遣□ send a person to Coventry   see 见 COVENTRY □ send up   1  cause to go up 使向上移动 2  transmit to a higher authority (向上级)呈报 3 colloq.  satirize or ridicule, esp. by mimicking [口] (尤指通过滑稽模仿)讽刺，嘲弄 4 US  sentence to imprisonment [美]判刑□ send word   send information 发送信息□ sendable  adj.  □ sender  n.   [Old English sendan, from Germanic]

sendal /ˈsend(ə)l/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a thin rich silk material 森德尔绸(一种富丽的薄绸料) 2  a garment of this 森德尔绸衣服 [Middle English from Old French cendal, ultimately from Greek sindōn]

send-off n.  a demonstration of goodwill etc. at the departure of a person, the start of a project, etc. 话别会；送别会；(项目启动时的)祝愿

send-up n. colloq.  a satire or parody [口]讽刺；讽刺性的模仿

senecio /səˈni:siəʊ, -ʃiəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any plant of the genus Senecio (daisy family), including many cultivated species as well as groundsel and ragwort 千里光属植物 [Latin senecio ‘old man, groundsel’, with reference to the hairy fruits]

Senegal   塞内加尔

Senegalese /ˌsenigəˈli:z/ adj. & n.  塞内加尔的(人)

senesce /siˈnes/ v. intr.  grow old 变老，长老 □ senescence  n.  □ senescent  adj.   [Latin senescere from senex ‘old’]

seneschal /ˈseniʃ(ə)l/ n.  1 hist.  the steward or major-domo of a medieval great house [史义] (中世纪贵族家庭的)管家；总管 2  a judge in Sark (英国萨克岛的)法官 [Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin seniscalus from Germanic words meaning ‘old’ and ‘servant’]

senhor /senˈjɔ:/ n.  a title used of or to a Portuguese or Brazilian man 先生(用于称呼葡萄牙或巴西男人) [Portuguese from Latin senior: see SENIOR]

senhora /senˈjɔ:rə/ n.  a title used of or to a Portuguese woman or a Brazilian married woman 夫人，太太(用于称呼葡萄牙妇女或巴西已婚妇女) [Portuguese, fem. of SENHOR]

senhorita /senjəˈri:tə/ n.  a title used of or to a young Brazilian esp. unmarried woman 小姐(用于称呼年轻尤其未婚的巴西妇女) [Portuguese, diminutive of SENHORA]

senile /ˈsi:nail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of old age 年老的  senile apathy  老年的冷漠 senile decay  年老体衰 2  having the weaknesses or diseases of old age 年老体弱的 ●n.  a senile person 老年人；衰老者 □ senility  /siˈniliti/ n.   [French sénile or Latin senilis, from senex ‘old man’]

senile dementia n.  a severe form of mental deterioration in old age, characterized by loss of memory and control of bodily functions 老年性痴呆(主要症状为失忆以及部分身体机能失控)

senior /ˈsi:niə, ˈsi:njə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  more or most advanced in age or standing (最)年长的；身份(最)高的 2  of high or highest position 地位(最)高的 3 (placed after a person's name) senior to another of the same name (置于姓名后)年长(或辈分)高于(另一同名者) 4 Brit. (of a school) having pupils in an older age range (cf. 参见 JUNIOR adj. 5) [英] (学校)高年级的 5 US  of the final year at a university, high school, etc. [美] (大学或中学的)毕业年级 ●n.  1  a person of advanced age or comparatively long service etc. 年长者；资深者 2  one's elder, or one's superior in length of service, membership, etc. 比自己年长(或资深)的人  is my senior  比我年长；比我资历深 3  a senior student (大学)四年级学生；(中学)高年级学生 □ seniority  /si:niˈɒriti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin, = older, older man, comparative of senex senis ‘old man, old’]

senior aircraftman n. (fem. senior aircraftwoman)  the rank above leading aircraftman in the RAF (皇家空军的)空军一等兵

senior citizen n.  an elderly person, esp. an old-age pensioner 老年人(尤指老年依靠退休金生活者)

senior college n. N. Amer.  a college in which the last two years' work for a bachelor's degree is done [北美] (完成后两年的学习后可以获得学士学位的)高级学院

senior common room n. (also 亦作 senior combination room) Brit.  a room for use by senior members of a college [英] (大学)教员公用室

senior high school n. N. Amer.  a secondary school comprising usu. the three highest grades [北美] (通常包括三个高年级的)高级中学

senior management n.  1  the highest level of management in an organization, immediately below the board of directors (董事会之下的)高级管理层 2  the managers at this level (cf. 参见 MIDDLE MANAGEMENT, JUNIOR MANAGEMENT) 高级管理人员

senior nursing officer n. Brit.  the person in charge of nursing services in a hospital [英] (医院里的)护理部主任

senior officer n.  an officer to whom a junior is responsible 高级军官

senior partner n.  the head of a firm 公司经理

senior registrar n.  a hospital doctor undergoing specialist training, one grade below that of consultant (级别在会诊医师之下的)专科住院医生

senior service n. Brit.  the Royal Navy as opposed to the Army [英] (与陆军相对的)皇家海军

senior tutor n. Brit.  a college tutor in charge of the teaching arrangements [英] (大学、学院负责教学安排的)高级导师

senna /ˈsenə/ n.  1  a cassia tree 番泻树 2  a laxative prepared from the dried pods of this (用番泻树的干果制成的)轻泻剂 [medieval Latin sena from Arabic sanɑˉ]

sennet /ˈsenit/ n. hist.  a signal call on a trumpet or cornet (in the stage directions of Elizabethan plays) [史义] (伊丽莎白一世时代戏剧舞台提示用的)喇叭信号 [perhaps a variant of SIGNET]

sennight /ˈsenait/ n. archaic  a week [古义]一星期，一周 [Old English seofon nihta ‘seven nights’]

sennit /ˈsenit/ n.  1 hist.  plaited straw, palm leaves, etc., used for making hats [史义] (用麦秸或棕叶等编成的)草帽缏 2  = SINNET  [variant of SINNET]

Senr. abbr. [缩略]  Senior 

sensate /ˈsenseit, -sət/ adj.  perceived by the senses 感知的；知觉的 [Late Latin sensatus ‘having senses’ (as SENSE)]

sensation /senˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the consciousness of perceiving or seeming to perceive some state or condition of one's body or its parts or of the senses; an instance of such consciousness 感觉；知觉  lost all sensation in my left arm  我的左臂完全失去了知觉 the sensation of falling  往下落的感觉 a burning sensation in his leg  他的腿有烧灼感 2  an awareness or impression 意识；印象  created the sensation of time passing  产生时间流逝的意识 a sensation of being watched  意识到正被监视 3  a  a stirring of emotions or intense interest esp. among a large group of people (尤指在大群人中引起的)轰动；激动  the news caused a sensation  这条消息引起了轰动b  a person, event, etc., causing such interest 引起轰动的人(或事件)c  the sensational use of printed material (出版物的)轰动效应 [medieval Latin sensatio from Latin sensus SENSE]

sensational /senˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  causing or intended to cause great public excitement etc. 引起轰动的 2  of or causing sensation 感知的；感觉的；知觉的 □ sensationalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ sensationally  adv.  

sensationalism /senˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the use of or interest in the sensational in literature, political agitation, etc. (在文学、政治等方面)追求轰动效应 2 Philos.  the theory that ideas are derived solely from sensation (opp. 反义 RATIONALISM 1) 【哲】感觉论(认为认识只能来自感知) □ sensationalist  n. & adj.  □ sensationalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

sense /sens/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of the special bodily faculties by which sensation is roused 感官  has keen senses  感官灵敏 has a dull sense of smell  嗅觉迟钝b  sensitiveness of all or any of these 感官的敏感度 2  the ability to perceive or feel or to be conscious of the presence or properties of things 感觉能力；觉察能力 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  consciousness 感觉；觉察  sense of having done well  感觉工作完成得很出色 sense of one's own importance  感到自己的重要性 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  quick or accurate appreciation, understanding, or instinct regarding a specified matter (对某事物迅速而准确的)欣赏，理解；直觉  sense of the ridiculous  对荒唐事的悟解 road sense  对路径的辨识 the moral sense  是非感b  the habit of basing one's conduct on such instinct (以直觉等为基础)指导自己行为的习惯 5  practical wisdom or judgement, common sense; conformity to these 智慧，见识  has plenty of sense  有足够的见识 what is the sense of talking like that?  那样讲话有什么意义？ has more sense than to do that  不至于糊涂得去做那件事 6  a  a meaning; the way in which a word etc. is to be understood 意义；(词等的)含义  the sense of the word is clear  这个词的含义很清楚 I mean that in the literal sense  我指的是那个词(或那句话)的本义b  intelligibility or coherence or possession of a meaning (意义的)可理解性；意义连贯；有意义 7  the prevailing opinion among a number of people 压倒性意见  take the sense of the meeting  了解与会者的意向 8 (in pl. 用复数)  a person's sanity or normal state of mind 理智；健全的心智 9 Math. etc. 【数】  a  a direction of movement 方向，指向b  that which distinguishes a pair of entities which differ only in that each is the reverse of the other 向旨 ●v. tr.  1  perceive by a sense or senses (用感官)感知 2  be vaguely aware of 察觉到 3  realize 意识到 4 (of a machine etc.) detect (机器等)检测 5 US  understand [美]理解，领悟 □ bring a person to his (or her) senses   1  cure a person of folly 使某人醒悟 2  restore a person to consciousness 使某人苏醒□ come to one's senses   1  regain consciousness 恢复知觉 2  become sensible after acting foolishly 恢复理智□ in a (or one) sense   if the statement is understood in a particular way 从某种意义上说  what you say is true in a sense  从某种意义上说你的话是对的□ in one's senses   sane 清醒的；理智的□ make sense   be intelligible or practicable 可理解；可实行□ make sense of   show or find the meaning of 显示(或找出)…的意义□ out of one's senses   in or into a state of madness 精神失常  is out of her senses  她精神错乱 frightened him out of his senses  吓得他魂飞魄散□ take leave of one's senses   go mad 发疯□ under a sense of wrong   feeling wronged 感到受了冤枉 [Middle English from Latin sensus ‘faculty of feeling, thought, meaning’, from sentire sens- ‘feel’]

sense datum n. Philos.  an element of experience received through the senses 【哲】感知因素；感觉因素

senseless /ˈsenslis/ adj.  1  unconscious 无知觉的；失去知觉的 2  wildly foolish 极其愚笨的 3  without meaning or purpose 无意义的；无目的的 4  incapable of sensation 无感觉的；无法感知的 □ senselessly  adv.  □ senselessness  n.  

sense of direction n.  the ability to know without guidance the direction in which one is or should be moving 方向感

sense of humour  see 见 HUMOUR n. 2 

sense organ n.  a bodily organ conveying (esp. external) stimuli to the sensory system (尤指将外界刺激传达给身体的)感觉器官

sensibility /sensiˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  openness to emotional impressions, susceptibility, sensitiveness 敏感性；易感性  sensibility to kindness  对善意的敏感b archaic  an exceptional or excessive degree of this [古义]异常敏感；过度敏感  sense and sensibility  理智与情感 2  a (in pl. 用复数)  emotional capacities or feelings 感情  was limited in his sensibilities  他的感情有限b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a person's moral, emotional, or aesthetic ideas or standards (道德、情感或审美的)观点；标准  offended the sensibilities of believers  冒犯了信徒的观点 3  sensitivity to sensory stimuli (对感官刺激的)敏感度  sensibility in the retina  视网膜的敏感度 [Middle English from Late Latin sensibilitas (as SENSIBLE)]■Usage 用法说明 Sensibility should not be used in standard English as a noun corresponding to sense 1 of sensible, i.e. it does not mean ‘possession of common sense, reasonableness’. The correct noun to use is sensibleness; alternatively, a phrase such as good sense can be used. 在标准英语中，不应把 sensibility 当作 sensible 释义 1 的对应名词，也就是说，前者的含义不是“明白事理；合乎情理”。要表达此义，正确的名词是 sensibleness ，或者可用短语 good sense 表示。 

sensible /ˈsensib(ə)l/ adj.  1  having or showing wisdom or common sense; reasonable, judicious 理智的；明白事理的；合情理的；有见地的  a sensible person  理智的人 a sensible compromise  合情理的妥协 2  a  perceptible by the senses 可察觉的  sensible phenomena  可察觉的现象b  great enough to be perceived; appreciable 足以感觉得到的；足以察觉得到的；明显的  a sensible difference  明显的差别 3 (of clothing etc.) practical and functional (服装等)实用的 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  aware; not unmindful 知道的；意识到的  was sensible of his peril  知道他面临的危险 □ sensibleness  n.  □ sensibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French sensible or Latin sensibilis (as SENSE)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SENSIBILITY. 见 SENSIBILITY 的用法说明。 

sensible horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1b 

sensitive /ˈsensitiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  very open to or acutely affected by external stimuli or mental impressions; having sensibility (对外界刺激或心灵感受)敏感的；有感觉的 2 (of a person) easily offended or emotionally hurt (人)容易生气的；(感情上)容易受伤害的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) (of an instrument etc.) responsive to or recording slight changes (仪器等)灵敏的，灵敏度高的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a (of photographic materials) prepared so as to respond (esp. rapidly) to the action of light (感光材料)感光的；(尤指)迅速感光的b (of any material) readily affected by or responsive to external action (材料)易受(外力)影响的 5 (of a topic etc.) subject to restriction of discussion to prevent embarrassment, ensure security, etc. (话题等)涉及机密的；须慎重对待的 6 (of a market) liable to quick changes of price (市场)价格易于迅速波动的 ●n.  a person who is sensitive (esp. to supposed occult influences) 敏感的人(尤指对难以名状的影响十分敏感的人) □ sensitively  adv.  □ sensitiveness  n.   [Middle English, = sensory, from Old French sensitif -ive or medieval Latin sensitivus, formed irregularly from Latin sentire sens- ‘feel’]

sensitive plant n.  1  a plant whose leaves curve downwards and leaflets fold together when touched, esp. Mimosa pudica 敏感植物；(尤指)含羞草  2  a sensitive person 敏感的人

sensitivity /sensiˈtiviti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or degree of being sensitive 敏感性；敏感度 2 (in pl. 用复数)  fine differences of feeling, attitude, or reaction (感情、态度或反应的)细微差异

sensitize /ˈsensitaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make sensitive 使敏感 2 Photog.  make sensitive to light 【摄】使易于感光 3  make (an organism etc.) abnormally sensitive to a foreign substance 使(有机体等)对异物异常敏感 □ sensitization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sensitizer  n.  

sensitometer /sensiˈtɒmitə/ n. Photog.  a device for measuring sensitivity to light 【摄】感光计

sensor /ˈsensə/ n.  a device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it 传感器；探测仪 [SENSORY, on the pattern of MOTOR]

sensorium /senˈsɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. sensoria /-riə/ or sensoriums)  1  the seat of sensation, the brain, brain and spinal cord, or grey matter of these 感觉中枢；头脑(大脑、脊髓或灰白质) 2 Biol.  the whole sensory apparatus including the nerve system 【生】感官系统(包括神经系统) □ sensorial  adj.  □ sensorially  adv.   [Late Latin from Latin sentire sens- ‘feel’]

sensory /ˈsens(ə)ri/ adj.  of sensation or the senses 感觉的；感官的 □ sensorily  adv.   [as SENSORIUM]

sensual /ˈsensjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1  a  of or depending on the senses only and not on the intellect or spirit; carnal, fleshly 感官的；肉体的  sensual pleasures  感官上的愉悦b  given to the pursuit of sensual pleasures or the gratification of the appetites; self-indulgent sexually or in regard to food and drink; voluptuous, licentious 贪图感官享受的；耽于肉欲的；纵欲的；淫荡的c  indicative of a sensual nature 性感的  sensual lips  性感的嘴唇 2  of sense or sensation, sensory 感觉的；感官的 3 Philos.  of, according to, or holding the doctrine of, sensationalism 【哲】感觉论的 □ sensualism  n.  □ sensualist  n.  □ sensualize  v. tr. (also -ise)  □ sensually  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin sensualis (as SENSE)]■Usage 用法说明 Sensual is sometimes confused with sensuous. While sensual is used to describe things that are gratifying to the body, and has sexual overtones, sensuous is used to mean ‘affecting or appealing to the senses’ in an aesthetic sense, without the pejorative implications of sensual. 有时 sensual 易与 sensuous 相混淆。 sensual 描述的是满足肉体的事物，有“性”的含义； sensuous 指对感官有美学上的愉悦作用，而没有 sensual 一词的贬损色彩。 

sensuality /sensjʊˈæliti, senʃʊ-/ n.  gratification of the senses, self-indulgence 好色；纵欲 [Middle English via French sensualité from Late Latin sensualitas (as SENSUAL)]

sensum /ˈsensəm/ n. (pl. sensa /-sə/) Philos.  a sense datum 【哲】感觉因素；感知因素 [modern Latin, neut. past part. of Latin sentire ‘feel’]

sensuous /ˈsensjʊəs, ˈsenʃʊəs/ adj.  of or derived from or affecting the senses, esp. aesthetically rather than sensually (尤指美学的而非肉欲的)感官的；感觉的 □ sensuously  adv.  □ sensuousness  n.   [Latin sensus ‘sense’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SENSUAL. 见 SENSUAL 词条的用法说明。 

sensu stricto /sensu: ˈstriktəʊ/ adv.  strictly speaking, in the narrow sense 严格地说；从狭义上说 [Latin, = in the restricted sense]

sent past and past part.  of SEND 

sentence /ˈsent(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a set of words complete in itself as the expression of a thought, containing or implying a subject and predicate, and conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command 句，句子b  a piece of writing or speech between two full stops or equivalent pauses, often including several grammatical sentences (e.g. 如 I went; he came 我走了；他来了) (包含若干分句的)句子 2  a  a decision of a law court, esp. the punishment allotted to a person convicted in a criminal trial (刑事审判中的)判决(尤指对罪犯的刑事惩罚)b  the declaration of this (判决的)宣判 3 Logic  a series of signs or symbols expressing a proposition in an artificial or logical language 【逻辑学】命题 ●v. tr.  1  declare the sentence of (a convicted criminal etc.) (对罪犯等的)宣判 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  declare (such a person) to be condemned to a specified punishment 宣判(罪犯等被判刑罚) □ under sentence of   having been condemned to 已被判刑  under sentence of death  已判死刑 [originally = way of thinking, opinion: Middle English via Old French from Latin sententia ‘opinion’, from sentire ‘feel, be of the opinion’]

sentential /senˈtenʃ(ə)l/ adj. Gram. & Logic  of a sentence 【语法】【逻辑学】句子的；命题的 [Latin sententialis (as SENTENCE)]

sententious /senˈtenʃəs/ adj.  1 (of a person) fond of pompous moralizing (指人)好说教的 2 (of a style) affectedly formal (风格)忸怩做作的 3  aphoristic, pithy, given to the use of maxims, affecting a concise impressive style 充满格言警句的；简练的；言简意赅的 □ sententiously  adv.  □ sententiousness  n.   [Latin sententiosus (as SENTENCE)]

sentient /ˈsenʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  having the power of perception by the senses 有感知力的；感觉的 □ sentience  n.  □ sentiency  n.  □ sentiently  adv.   [Latin sentire ‘feel’]

sentiment /ˈsentim(ə)nt/ n.  1  the sum of what one feels on some subject; an opinion or part of view 看法；意见；观点 2  an opinion or feeling as distinguished from the words meant to convey it; an emotional feeling conveyed in literature, art, etc. (与所用言辞相区别的)观点；情感；(文学、艺术等所含的)情趣  the sentiment is good though the words are injudicious  虽然言辞不够谨慎，但情趣是好的 3  a  emotional or tender feelings collectively, esp. mawkish tenderness 伤感；多愁善感；(尤指)脆弱的感情b  the display of this 伤感情绪的表露 4  a mental feeling 感觉；感受  the sentiment of pity  怜悯感 5 archaic  the expression of a view or desire esp. as formulated for a toast [古义] (尤指用于祝酒的)祝愿  concluded his speech with a sentiment  用祝愿语结束他的演说 [Middle English via Old French sentement and medieval Latin sentimentum from Latin sentire ‘feel’]

sentimental /sentiˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or characterized by sentiment 感情的；情绪的 2  showing or affected by emotion rather than reason 感情用事的 3  appealing to sentiment 伤感的；柔情的 □ sentimentalism  n.  □ sentimentalist  n.  □ sentimentality  /-ˈtæliti/ n.  □ sentimentalize  v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ sentimentalization  /-laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sentimentally  adv.  

sentimental value n.  the value of a thing to a particular person because of its associations (因某人怀旧而使事物产生的)感情价值

sentinel /ˈsentin(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a sentry or lookout 哨兵；步哨 ●v. tr. (sentinelled, sentinelling; US [美] sentineled, sentineling)  1  station sentinels at or in 布哨兵于… 2 poet.  keep guard over or in [诗]站岗；守卫 [French sentinelle from Italian sentinella, of unknown origin]

sentry /ˈsentri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a soldier etc. stationed to keep guard 哨兵；步哨 [perhaps from obsolete centrinel, variant of SENTINEL]

sentry box n.  a wooden cabin intended to shelter a standing sentry 岗亭；哨所

sentry-go n. Brit.  the duty of pacing up and down as a sentry [英]步哨巡逻

Seoul /səul/ n.  汉城 [韩国首都]

sepal /ˈsep(ə)l, ˈsi:/ n. Bot.  each of the divisions or leaves of the calyx 【植】萼片 [French sépale, modern Latin sepalum, from Greek skepē ‘covering’ influenced by French pétale ‘petal’]

separable /ˈsep(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be separated 可分隔的；可分离的 2 Gram. (of a prefix, or a verb in respect of a prefix) written as a separate word in some collocations 【语法】(前缀或动词对于前缀)可分开的 □ separability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ separableness  n.  □ separably  adv.   [French séparable or Latin separabilis (as SEPARATE)]

separate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈsep(ə)rət/ (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  forming a unit that is or may be regarded as apart or by itself; physically disconnected, distinct, or individual 分开的；分离的；各自的；个别的  living in separate rooms  住在各自的房间里 the two questions are essentially separate  这两个问题本质上是互不相连的 ●n. /ˈsep(ə)rət/  1 (in pl. 用复数)  separate articles of clothing suitable for wearing together in various combinations 单件衣服(可用作多种组合搭配) 2  an offprint (书)单行本，抽印本 ●v. /ˈsepəreit/  1 tr.  make separate, sever, disunite 分离；隔断；分隔 2 tr.  prevent union or contact of 断开；分割 3 intr.  go different ways, disperse 分开；分散 4 intr.  cease to live together as a married couple (夫妻)分居 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  secede 退出；脱离 6 tr.  a  divide or sort (milk, ore, fruit, light, etc.) into constituent parts or sizes (牛奶、矿物、水果、光等)分类；归类b (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  extract or remove (an ingredient, waste product, etc.) by such a process for use or rejection 提取；离析(成分、废品等) 7 tr. US  discharge, dismiss [美]免职，解雇 □ separately  adv.  □ separateness  n.  □ separative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ separatory  /-rət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin separare separat- (as SE-, parare ‘make ready’)]

separation /sepəˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of separating; the state of being separated 分离；分开 2 (in full 全称 judicial separation or legal separation)  an arrangement by which a husband and wife remain married but live apart 夫妻分居(婚姻关系仍保持但分别居住) 3  any of three or more monochrome reproductions of a coloured picture which can combine to reproduce the full colour of the original (用于复制彩色图画的三种或多种)单色图片(之一) [Middle English via Old French from Latin separatio -onis (as SEPARATE)]

separation order n.  an order of court for judicial separation (法院的)分居令

separatist /ˈsep(ə)rətist/ n.  a person who favours separation, esp. for political or ecclesiastical independence (opp. 反义 UNIONIST 2) (尤指主张政治或宗教独立的)分离主义者 □ separatism  n.  

separator /ˈsepəreitə/ n.  a machine for separating, e.g. cream from milk 分离器；(尤指从牛奶中分离出奶油的)脱脂器

Sephardi /siˈfɑ:di/ n. (pl. Sephardim /-dim/)  a Jew of Spanish or Portuguese descent (cf. 参见 ASHKENAZI) 西班牙(或葡萄牙)裔犹太人 □ Sephardic  adj.   [modern Hebrew, from sĕpɑˉrad, a country mentioned in Obad. 20 and taken to be Spain]

sepia /ˈsi:piə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a dark reddish-brown colour 深褐色 2  a  a brown pigment prepared from a black fluid secreted by cuttlefish, used in monochrome drawing and in watercolours (用于绘画的)乌贼墨颜料b  a brown tint used in photography (用于摄影的)褐色色调 3  a drawing done in sepia 深褐色乌贼墨绘画 4  the fluid secreted by cuttlefish (乌贼分泌的)乌贼墨汁 ●adj.  of a dark reddish-brown colour 深褐色的 [Latin from Greek sēpia ‘cuttlefish’]

sepoy /ˈsi:pɔi/ n. hist.  a native Indian soldier under European, esp. British, discipline [史义] (欧洲、尤指英国军队中的)印度兵 [Urdu & Persian sipɑˉhī ‘soldier’ from sipɑˉh ‘army’]

seppuku /seˈpu:ku:/ n.  hara-kiri 切腹自杀 [Japanese, from setsu ‘to cut’ + fuku ‘abdomen’]

sepsis /ˈsepsis/ n.  1  the state of being septic 脓毒病 2  blood poisoning 败血病 [modern Latin from Greek sēpsis, from sēpō ‘make rotten’]

Sept. abbr. [缩略]  1  September  2  Septuagint 

sept /sept/ n.  a clan, esp. in Ireland (尤指爱尔兰的)氏族 [probably alteration of SECT]

sept- var.  of SEPTI-  SEPTI- 的变体

septa pl.  of SEPTUM  

septal1 /ˈsept(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a septum or septa 中隔的；隔膜的 2 Archaeol. (of a stone or slab) separating compartments in a burial chamber 【考古】(墓室里的石头或厚板)分隔棺位的 [SEPTUM]

septal2 /ˈsept(ə)l/ adj.  of a sept or septs 氏族的

septate /ˈsepteit/ adj. Bot., Zool. & Anat.  having a septum or septa; partitioned 【植】【动】【解】有隔膜的；被隔膜分开的 □ septation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

septcentenary /sep(t)senˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten-, septˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a seven-hundredth anniversary 700 周年纪念 2  a festival marking this 700 周年纪念节 ●adj.  of or concerning a septcentenary 700 周年纪念的

September /sepˈtembə/ n.  the ninth month of the year 九月 [Middle English from Latin September, from septem ‘seven’: originally the seventh month of the Roman year]

septenarius /septiˈnɛəriəs/ n. (pl. septenarii /-riai/) Prosody  a verse of seven feet, esp. a trochaic or iambic tetrameter catalectic 【诗体】七音步的诗行；(尤指)以不完整音步结尾的扬抑格或抑扬格八音步诗行 [Latin from septeni, distributive of septem ‘seven’]

septenary /ˈseptin(ə)ri, -ˈti:n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of seven, by sevens, on the basis of seven 七的；七个一组的；以七为基础的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a group or set of seven (esp. years) 七个一组(或一套)；(尤指)七年一组(或一套) 2  a septenarius 七音步的诗行 [Latin septenarius (as SEPTENARIUS)]

septenate /ˈseptinət, -eit/ adj. Bot. 【植】  1  growing in sevens 成七生长的 2  having seven divisions 有七个分支的 [Latin septeni (as SEPTENARIUS)]

septennial /sepˈteniəl/ adj.  1  lasting for seven years 持续七年的 2  recurring every seven years 七年一次的 [Late Latin septennis, from Latin septem ‘seven’ + annus ‘year’]

septennium /sepˈteniəm/ n. (pl. septenniums or septennia /-niə/)  a period of seven years 七年期

septet /sepˈtet/ n. (also 亦作 septette)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for seven performers 七重唱；七重奏b  the performers of such a composition 七重唱(或七重奏)的表演者 2  any group of seven 七人小组；七个一组 [German Septett from Latin septem ‘seven’]

septfoil /ˈsetfɔil/ n.  1  a seven-lobed ornamental figure 七叶形饰物 2 archaic  tormentil [古义]直立委陵菜 [Late Latin septifolium, on the pattern of CINQUEFOIL, TREFOIL]

septi- /ˈsepti/ comb. form (also sept- before a vowel 在元音前亦作 sept-)  seven [构词成分]七 [Latin from septem ‘seven’]

septic /ˈseptik/ adj.  contaminated with bacteria from a festering wound etc., putrefying 脓毒性的；腐败性的；败血性的 □ septically  adv.  □ septicity  /-ˈtisiti/ n.   [Latin septicus from Greek sēptikos, from sēpō ‘make rotten’]

septicaemia /septiˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] septicemia)  blood poisoning 败血症 □ septicaemic  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek sēptikos + haima ‘blood’]

septic tank n.  a usu. underground tank in which the organic matter in sewage is decomposed through bacterial activity 化粪池(通常位于地下)

septillion /sepˈtiljən/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a thousand raised to the eighth (or formerly, esp. Brit., the fourteenth) power (1024 and 1042 respectively) 1024 ([旧指] [尤英] 1042) [French from sept ‘seven’, on the pattern of billion etc.]

septimal /ˈseptim(ə)l/ adj.  of the number seven 7 的 [Latin septimus ‘seventh’ from septem ‘seven’]

septime /ˈseptim, -ti:m/ n. Fencing  the seventh of the eight parrying positions 【击剑】 (8 种防守姿势中的)第 7 种姿势 [Latin septimus (as SEPTIMAL)]

septivalent /septiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 septavalent) Chem. 【化】  = HEPTAVALENT 

septuagenarian /ˌseptjʊədʒiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 70 to 79 years old 70 到 79 岁之间的人 ●adj.  of this age 70 到 79 岁之间的 [Latin septuagenarius from septuageni, distributive of septuaginta ‘seventy’]

Septuagesima /ˌseptjʊəˈdʒesimə/ n. (in full 全称 Septuagesima Sunday)  the Sunday before Sexagesima 七旬斋(圣公会大斋节前的第 3 个星期日) [Middle English from Latin, = seventieth (day), formed as SEPTUAGINT, perhaps named loosely as preceding Sexagesima and QUINQUAGESIMA, or with reference to the period of 70 days from Septuagesima to the Saturday after Easter]

Septuagint /ˈseptjʊədʒint/ n.  a Greek version of the Old Testament including the Apocrypha, said to have been made about 270 BC by about 70 translators 七十子希腊文《圣经·旧约》(包括《次经》，据传约成书于公元前 270 年，由大约 70 位译者译出) [Latin septuaginta ‘seventy’]

septum /ˈseptəm/ n. (pl. septa /-tə/) Anat., Bot. & Zool. 【解】【植】【动】  a partition such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of a poppy-fruit or of a shell 中隔；间隔；隔膜 [Latin s(a)eptum, via saepire saept- ‘enclose’ from saepes ‘hedge’]

septuple /ˈseptjʊp(ə)l, sepˈtju:p(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  sevenfold, having seven parts 七重的；有七部分的 2  being seven times as many or as much 七倍的 ●n.  a sevenfold number or amount 七倍的数；七倍的量 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by seven 用七乘；使成为七倍 [Late Latin septuplus from Latin septem ‘seven’]

septuplet /ˈseptjʊplit, -ˈtju:plit/ n.  1  each of seven children born at one birth 七胞胎中的一个 2 Mus.  a group of seven notes to be played in the time of four or six 【音】七连音符(用 4 或 6 个音符的时间奏出) [as SEPTUPLE, on the pattern of TRIPLET etc.]

sepulchral /siˈpʌlkr(ə)l/ adj.  1  of a tomb or interment 坟墓的；丧葬的  sepulchral mound  坟墩 sepulchral customs  丧葬习俗 2  suggestive of the tomb, funereal, gloomy, dismal 墓地似的；丧葬般的；阴沉的；阴森森的  sepulchral look  阴沉的脸色 □ sepulchrally  adv.   [French sépulchral or Latin sepulchralis (as SEPULCHRE)]

sepulchre /ˈsep(ə)lkə/ n. & v. (US [美] sepulcher) ●n.  a tomb esp. cut in rock or built of stone or brick, a burial vault or cave (尤指在岩石中凿出、用石头或砖砌成的)坟墓；墓穴 ●v. tr.  1  lay in a sepulchre 埋葬 2  serve as a sepulchre for 作为…的坟墓 [Middle English via Old French from Latin sepulc(h)rum, from sepelire sepult- ‘bury’]

sepulture /ˈsep(ə)ltʃə/ n. literary  the act or an instance of burying or putting in the grave [文学用语]入葬；埋葬 [Middle English via Old French from Latin sepultura (as SEPULCHRE)]

seq. abbr. (pl. seqq.)  the following [缩略]以下 [Latin sequens, pres. part. of sequi ‘follow’]

sequacious /siˈkweiʃəs/ adj.  1 (of reasoning or a reasoner) not inconsequent, coherent (推理或推理者)前后一致的；连贯的 2 archaic  inclined to follow, lacking independence or originality, servile [古义]盲从的；无独立见解的；无创见的；奴性的 □ sequaciously  adv.  □ sequacity  /siˈkwæsiti/ n.   [Latin sequax from sequi ‘follow’]

sequel /ˈsi:kw(ə)l/ n.  1  what follows (esp. as a result) 随后而来的事(尤指作为结果) 2  a novel, film, etc., that continues the story of an earlier one (小说、电影等)续篇；续集 □ in the sequel  Brit.  as things developed afterwards [英]后来 [Middle English from Old French sequelle or Latin sequel(l)a, from sequi ‘follow’]

sequela /siˈkwi:lə/ n. (pl. sequelae /-li:/) Med. 【医】 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a morbid condition or symptom following a disease 后遗症 [Latin from sequi ‘follow’]

sequence /ˈsi:kw(ə)ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  succession, coming after or next 次第；依次相连 2  order of succession (连续中的)次序，顺序  shall follow the sequence of events  将沿着事件发生的次序 give the facts in historical sequence  按照历史顺序列出事实 3  a set of things belonging next to one another on some principle of order; a series without gaps 序列；连续的序列 4  a part of a film dealing with one scene or topic (电影中描述一个场景或主题的)连续镜头，片断 5  a set of poems on one theme (同一主题的)组诗 6  a set of three or more playing cards next to one another in value (牌戏中的)同花顺 7 Mus.  repetition of a phrase or melody at a higher or lower pitch 【音】模进(用新的高音或低音重复一个乐句或旋律) 8 Eccl.  a hymn said or sung after the Gradual or Alleluia that precedes the Gospel 【教会】(宣讲福音前)在应答歌(或赞美诗)之后颂唱的圣歌 9  succession without implication of causality (opp. 反义 CONSEQUENCE 1) (无因果关系的)结果；结局 ●v. tr.  1  arrange in a definite order 按顺序排列 2 Biochem.  ascertain the sequence of monomers in (esp. a polypeptide or nucleic acid) 【生化】确定(尤指多肽或核酸的)化学结构序列 [Middle English via Late Latin sequentia from Latin sequens, pres. part. of sequi ‘follow’]

sequence of tenses n. Gram.  the dependence of the tense of a subordinate verb on the tense of the principal verb, according to certain rules (e.g. 如 I think you are, thought you were, wrong 我觉得你错了) 【语法】时态呼应(指从句的动词时态依主句动词时态而变化)

sequencer /ˈsi:kw(ə)nsə/ n.  1 Mus.  a programmable electronic device for storing sequences of musical notes, chords, rhythms, etc. and transmitting them when required to an electronic musical instrument 【音】音乐程序装置(储存乐句、和弦、节奏等并可将其输入电子乐器中) 2  an apparatus for performing or initiating operations in the correct sequence, esp. one forming part of the control system of a computer 序列发生器(尤指计算机控制系统的组成部分) 3 Biochem.  an apparatus for determining the sequence of monomers in a biological polymer 【生化】顺序分析仪

sequent /ˈsi:kw(ə)nt/ adj.  1  following as a sequence or consequence 随之而来的 2  consecutive 依次的；连续的 □ sequently  adv.   [Old French sequent or Latin sequens (as SEQUENCE)]

sequential /siˈkwenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  forming a sequence, consequence, or sequela 连续的；随之而来的；结果的 2 esp. Computing  performed or used in sequence (尤)【计算】按顺序的；连续的 □ sequentiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ sequentially  adv.   [SEQUENCE, on the pattern of CONSEQUENTIAL]

sequester /siˈkwestə/ v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 sequestered adj.)  seclude, isolate, set apart 使隐居；使隔绝；使分离  sequester oneself from the world  使自己与世隔绝 a sequestered life  隐居生活 a sequestered cottage  僻静的茅屋 2  = SEQUESTRATE  3 Chem.  bind (a metal ion) so that it cannot react 【化】(金属离子)多价螯合 [Middle English via Old French sequestrer or Late Latin sequestrare ‘commit for safe keeping’ from Latin sequester ‘trustee’]

sequestrate /siˈkwestreit, ˈsi:kwis-/ v. tr.  1  confiscate, appropriate 没收；占用 2 Law  take temporary possession of (a debtor's estate etc.) 【法律】(对债务者地产等暂时)扣押 3 Eccl.  apply (the income of a benefice) to clearing the incumbent's debts or accumulating a fund for the next incumbent 【教会】用(教产收入)偿清教区牧师的债务(或为下任教区牧师积累资金) □ sequestrable  adj.  □ sequestration  /si:kwiˈstreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sequestrator  /ˈsi:kwistreitə/ n.   [Late Latin sequestrare (as SEQUESTER)]

sequestrum /siˈkwestrəm/ n. (pl. sequestra /-trə/)  a piece of dead bone or other tissue detached from the surrounding parts 死骨片；腐骨片；坏骨片 □ sequestral  adj.  □ sequestrotomy  /si:kwiˈstrɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)   [modern Latin, neut. of Latin sequester ‘standing apart’]

sequin /ˈsi:kwin/ n.  1  a circular spangle for attaching to clothing as an ornament (衣服上作饰物的)圆形金属片 2 hist.  a Venetian gold coin [史义]西昆(威尼斯金币) □ sequinned  adj. (also 亦作 sequined)   [French, via Italian zecchino, from zecca ‘a mint’ from Arabic sikka ‘a die’]

sequoia /siˈkwɔiə/ n.  either of two Californian evergreen coniferous trees of very great height and girth, Sequoia sempervirens and (in full 全称 giant sequoia) Sequoiadendron giganteum also called 亦称作 big tree 红杉(产于美国加利福尼亚州) [modern Latin genus name, from Sequoiah, the name of a Cherokee]

sera pl.  of SERUM  

serac /ˈseræk, seˈræk/ n.  a pinnacle or ridge of ice on the surface of a glacier where crevasses intersect 冰塔；冰雪柱 [Swiss French sérac, originally the name of a compact white cheese]

seraglio /seˈrɑ:liəʊ, si-/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a harem (回教徒的)闺房 2 hist.  a Turkish palace, esp. that of the Sultan with government offices etc. at Constantinople [史义] (尤指在君士坦丁堡的土耳其苏丹的)宫殿 [Italian serraglio via Turkish from Persian sarɑˉy ‘palace’: cf. SERAI]

serai /səˈrai/ n.  a caravanserai (中东国家的)客栈，旅店 [Turkish from Persian (as SERAGLIO)]

serang /səˈræŋ/ n. Anglo-Ind.  a native head of a Lascar crew [印英] (东印度的)水手长 [Persian and Urdu sar-hang ‘commander’, from sar ‘head’ + hang ‘authority’]

serape /seˈrɑ:pei/ n. (also 亦作 sarape /sæ-/, zarape /zæ-/)  a shawl or blanket worn as a cloak by Spanish Americans (西班牙裔美国人用的)瑟拉佩披肩毛毯；披身毛毯 [Mexican Spanish]

seraph /ˈserəf/ n. (pl. seraphim /-fim/ or seraphs)  an angelic being, one of the highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy gifted esp. with love and associated with light, ardour, and purity (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 炽天使(基督教九级天使中最高位天使之一，本性是爱，象征光明、热情和纯洁) [back-formation from seraphim (pl.) via Late Latin and Greek from Hebrew šĕrɑˉpīm (cf. CHERUB)]

seraphic /səˈræfik/ adj.  1  of or like the seraphim 炽天使的；炽天使般的 2  ecstatically adoring, fervent, or serene 天使般崇高的；天使般热情的；天使般宁静的 □ seraphically  adv.   [medieval Latin seraphicus from Late Latin (as SERAPH)]

seraskier /serəˈskiə/ n. hist.  the Turkish commander-in-chief and minister of war [史义] (土耳其的)总司令；陆军大臣 [Turkish from Persian saraskar ‘head of army’]

Serb /sɜ:b/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Serbia, part of former Yugoslavia 塞尔维亚人(塞尔维亚原属于前南斯拉夫) 2  a person of Serbian descent 塞尔维亚人后裔 ●adj.  = SERBIAN  [Serbian Srb]

Serbia and Montenegro   塞尔维亚和黑山

Serbian /ˈsɜ:biən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the dialect of the Serbs (cf. 参见 SERBO-CROAT) 塞尔维亚语 2  = SERB  ●adj.  of or relating to the Serbs or their dialect 塞尔维亚人的；塞尔维亚语的

Serbo- /ˈsɜ:bəʊ/ comb. form  Serbian [构词成分]塞尔维亚的

Serbo-Croat /sɜ:bəʊˈkrəʊæt/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Serbo-Croatian /-krəʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/) ●n.  the main official language of former Yugoslavia, combining Serbian and Croatian dialects 塞尔维亚—克罗地亚语(前南斯拉夫主要官方语言) ●adj.  of or relating to this language 塞尔维亚—克罗地亚语的

SERC abbr. hist. (in the UK) Science and Engineering Research Council [缩略] [史义] (英国)科学和工程研究委员会

sere1 var.  of SEAR  adj. SEAR 形容词的变体

sere2 /siə/ n. Ecol.  a natural succession of plant (or animal) communities, esp. a full series from uncolonized habitat to the appropriate climax vegetation (cf. 参见 SUCCESSION 3) 【态】(动物或植物的)演替系列(尤指整个生物种群逐渐为另一个生物种群所取代并发展为适应气候变化的稳定种群) [Latin serere ‘join in a SERIES’]

serein /səˈrein, 法 sərɛ˜/ n.  a fine rain falling in tropical climates from a cloudless sky (热带气候的)晴空雨 [French from Old French serain, ultimately via Latin serum ‘evening’ from serus ‘late’]

serenade /serəˈneid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of music sung or played at night, esp. by a lover under his lady's window, or suitable for this (尤指男子在其心上人窗下吟唱或演奏的)小夜曲 2  = SERENATA  ●v. tr.  sing or play a serenade to 对…唱(或奏)小夜曲 □ serenader  n.   [French sérénade from Italian serenata, from sereno SERENE]

serenata /serəˈnɑ:tə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a cantata with a pastoral subject 田园主题的合唱剧 2  a simple form of suite for orchestra or wind band (供管弦乐队或管乐队演奏的)组曲 [Italian (as SERENADE)]

serendipity /ser(ə)nˈdipiti/ n.  the faculty of making happy and unexpected discoveries by accident 偶然发现意外和惊喜事物的本领 □ serendipitous  adj.  □ serendipitously  adv.   [coined by Horace Walpole (1754) after The Three Princes of Serendip (now Sri Lanka), a fairy tale]

serene /siˈri:n/ adj. & n. ●adj. (serener, serenest)  1  placid, tranquil, unperturbed 安详的；宁静的；沉静的 2  a (of the sky, the air, etc.) clear and calm (天空、空气等)晴朗的；静谧的b (of the sea etc.) unruffled (大海等)风平浪静的 ●n. poet.  a serene expanse of sky, sea, etc. [诗]晴朗的天空；宁静的大海 □ all serene  Brit. slang  all right [英] [俚语]一切正常，平安无事□ serenely  adv.  □ sereneness  n.   [Latin serenus]

Serene Highness n.  a title used in addressing and referring to members of some European royal families 尊贵的殿下(对欧洲某些王室成员的尊称)  His Serene Highness (间接称呼) 尊贵的殿下 Their Serene Highnesses (间接称呼) 尊贵的殿下们 Your Serene Highness (直接称呼) 尊贵的殿下

serenity /siˈreniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  tranquillity, being serene 安详；宁静 2 (Serenity)  a title used in addressing and referring to a reigning prince or similar dignitary 尊贵的阁下(对小国在位国君或诸侯的尊称)  Your Serenity  (直接称呼)尊贵的阁下 [French sérénité or Latin serenitas (as SERENE)]

serf /sɜ:f/ n.  1 hist.  a labourer not allowed to leave the land on which he worked, a villein [史义]农奴 2  an oppressed person, a drudge 被压迫者；苦工 □ serfage  n.  □ serfdom  n.  □ serfhood  n.   [Old French from Latin servus ‘slave’]

serge /sɜ:dʒ/ n.  a durable twilled worsted etc. fabric 哔叽 [Middle English from Old French sarge, serge, ultimately via Latin serica (lana ‘wool’) from seres: see SILK]

sergeant /ˈsɑ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n.  1  a non-commissioned Army or Air Force officer ranking above corporal (陆军或空军)中士 2  a police officer ranking below (Brit.) inspector or (US) lieutenant [英]警佐，巡佐；[美]警察分队长 □ sergeancy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ sergeantship  n.   [Middle English via Old French sergent from Latin serviens -entis ‘servant’, from servire SERVE]

Sergeant Baker n. Austral.  a large brightly coloured marine fish, Aulopus purpurissatus [澳]紫斑比女鱼(一种颜色鲜艳的大海鱼)

sergeant-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a marine fish, Rachycentron canadum, with lateral stripes suggesting a chevron 军曹鱼(一种海鱼，身上长有状似军士佩戴的袖章的侧条纹)

sergeant major n. Mil. 【军】  1 (in full 全称 regimental sergeant major) Brit.  a warrant officer assisting the adjutant of a regiment or battalion [英]准尉副官 2 US  the highest-ranking non-commissioned officer [美]军士长

Sergt. abbr. [缩略]  Sergeant 

serial /ˈsiəriəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a story, play, or film which is published, broadcast, or shown in regular instalments 连载小说；电视连续剧；系列电影 2  a periodical 期刊 ●adj.  1  of or in or forming a series 连载的；排成序列的；按序列排列的 2 (of a story etc.) in the form of a serial (故事等)分期连载的；分集播放的 3 Mus.  using transformations of a fixed series of notes (see 见 SERIES 8) 【音】序列的；音列的 4 (of a publication) appearing in successive parts published usu. at regular intervals; periodical (出版物)定期出版的 □ seriality  /-iˈæliti/ n.  □ serially  adv.   [SERIES + -AL]

serialist /ˈsiəriəlist/ n.  a composer or advocate of serial music 序列音乐作曲家；序列音乐倡导者 □ serialism  n.  

serialize /ˈsiəriəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  publish or produce in instalments 分期发行；分期刊载 2  arrange in a series 按序列排列 3 Mus.  compose according to a serial technique 【音】按序列技巧谱写 □ serialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

serial killer n.  a person who commits a sequence of murders with no apparent motive 连环杀手(无明确动机的连续杀人犯)

serial number n.  a number showing the position of an item in a series (一系列事或物的)序列号

serial rights n. pl.  the right to publish a story or book as a serial (以序列形式出版小说或书的)连载版权

seriate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈsiəriət/  in the form of a series; in orderly sequence 序列的；连续的 ●v. tr. /ˈsiərieit/  arrange in a seriate manner 使按顺序排列；使排成序列 □ seriation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

seriatim /siəriˈeitim, ser-/ adv.  point by point; taking one subject etc. after another in regular order 依次地；逐一地  consider seriatim  依次进行考虑 [medieval Latin from Latin series, on the pattern of LITERATIM etc.]

Seric /ˈsiərik/ adj. archaic  Chinese [古义]中国的；中国人的 [Latin sericus; see SILK]

sericeous /siˈriʃiəs/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  covered with silky hairs 【植】【动】有丝状柔毛的；有绢毛的 [Late Latin sericeus ‘silken’]

sericulture /ˈserikʌltʃə/ n.  1  silkworm-breeding 养蚕业 2  the production of raw silk 生丝生产 □ sericultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ sericulturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [French sériciculture from Late Latin sericum: see SILK, CULTURE]

seriema /seriˈi:mə/ n. (also 亦作 cariama /kæriˈɑ:mə/) Zool.  any S. American bird of the family Cariamidae, having a long neck and legs and a crest above the bill 【动】叫鹤(产于南美洲，长脖长腿，冠位于喙上) [modern Latin from Tupi siriema etc. ‘crested’]

series /ˈsiəri:z, -riz/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a number of things of which each is similar to the preceding or in which each successive pair are similarly related; a sequence, succession, order, row, or set 连续；一系列 2  a set of successive games between the same teams (两队之间的)一组连续比赛 3  a set of programmes with the same actors etc. or on related subjects but each complete in itself (由相同演员或相关主题且各自完整的)系列演出 4  a set of lectures by the same speaker or on the same subject (同一个人做的或关于同一主题的)系列讲座 5  a  a set of successive issues of a periodical, of articles on one subject or by one writer, etc., esp. when numbered separately from a preceding or following set (期刊连续的)辑  second series  第二辑b  a set of independent books in a common format or under a common title or supervised by a common general editor 系列丛书 6  a set of stamps, coins, etc., of different denominations but issued at one time, in one reign, etc. 一套(邮票、硬币等) 7 Geol. 【地质】  a  a set of strata with a common characteristic 统b  the rocks deposited during a specific epoch (岩系的)段 8 Mus.  an arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale as a basis for serial music 【音】(十二音体系中的)序列；音列 9 Electr. 【电】  a  a set of circuits or components arranged so that the current passes through each successively (电路或组件的)串联b  a set of batteries etc. having the positive electrode of each connected with the negative electrode of the next (电池等的)串连 10 Chem.  a set of elements with common properties or of compounds related in composition or structure 【化】系；系列 11 Math.  a set of quantities constituting a progression or having the several values determined by a common relation 【数】级数 □ in series   1  in ordered succession 按顺序排列 2 Electr. (of a set of circuits or components) arranged so that the current passes through each successively 【电】串联 [Latin, = row, chain, from serere ‘join, connect’]

serif /ˈserif/ n.  a slight projection finishing off a stroke of a letter as in T contrasted with T (cf. 参见 SANS SERIF) (印刷体字母上的)衬线，截线 □ seriffed  adj.   [perhaps from Dutch schreef ‘dash, line’, from Germanic]

serigraphy /seˈriɡrəfi/ n.  the art or process of printing designs by means of a silk screen 绢网印花术 □ serigraph  /ˈseriɡrɑ:f/ n.  □ serigrapher  n.   [formed irregularly from Latin sericum SILK]

serin /ˈserin/ n.  any small yellow Mediterranean finch of the genus Serinus, esp. the wild canary S. serinus 金丝雀(一种地中海小鸣雀) [French, originally = canary, of uncertain origin]

serine /ˈsiəri:n, ˈser-/ n. Biochem.  a hydrophilic amino acid present in proteins 【生化】(蛋白质中的)丝氨酸 [Latin sericum ‘silk’ + -INE4]

serinette /seriˈnet/ n.  a small barrel organ used for teaching cage birds to sing (训练笼鸟鸣唱用的)八音琴 [French (as SERIN)]

seringa /səˈriŋɡə/ n.  1  = SYRINGA  2 (in Brazil) the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (巴西)橡胶树 [French (as SYRINGA)]

serio-comic /ˌsiəriəʊˈkɒmik/ adj.  combining the serious and the comic, jocular in intention but simulating seriousness or vice versa 既严肃又诙谐的；意在诙谐却发人深思的 □ serio-comically  adv.  

serious /ˈsiəriəs/ adj.  1  thoughtful, earnest, sober, sedate, responsible, not reckless or given to trifling 严肃的，庄重的  has a serious air  神情严肃 a serious young person  老成持重的年轻人 2  important, demanding consideration 重要的；需加考虑的  this is a serious matter  这是件关系重大的事 3  not slight or negligible 严重的；不可忽视的  a serious injury  重伤 a serious offence  重罪 4  sincere, in earnest, not ironical or joking 认真的；当真的；非开玩笑的  are you serious?  你可当真？ 5 (of music and literature) not merely for amusement (opp. 反义 LIGHT2 5a) (音乐和文学)严肃的；非纯消遣性的 6  not perfunctory 认真的；非敷衍的  serious thought  认真的想法 7  not to be trifled with 不可小视的；不可等闲视之的  a serious opponent  不可小视的对手 8  concerned with religion or ethics 宗教的；伦理的  serious subjects  宗教(或伦理)课题 9 colloq. (of price or value) high; (of an amount of money) large [口] (价格)昂贵的；(价值)高的；(金额)大的 □ seriousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French serieux or Late Latin seriosus from Latin serius]

seriously /ˈsiəriəsli/ adv.  1  in a serious manner (esp. introducing a sentence, implying that irony etc. is now to cease) 认真地(尤指引出一个句子，表示反语等至此结束) 2  to a serious extent 严重地 3 colloq.  very, really [口]非常；真正地  seriously rich  非常富有

serjeant /ˈsɑ:dʒ(ə)nt/ n. Brit. [英]  1 (in full 全称 serjeant-at-law, pl. serjeants-at-law) hist.  a barrister of the highest rank [史义]高级律师 2 (in official lists) a sergeant in the Army (军衔)陆军中士 □ serjeantship  n.   [variant of SERGEANT]

serjeant-at-arms n. (pl. serjeants-at-arms) Brit.  an official of a court or city or parliament, with ceremonial duties [英] (在法庭、市政机关或议会担任礼仪任务的)警卫官，守卫官

sermon /ˈsɜ:mən/ n.  1  a spoken or written discourse on a religious or moral subject, esp. a discourse based on a text or passage of Scripture and delivered in a service by way of religious instruction or exhortation (尤指关于《圣经》的)布道；讲道 2  a piece of admonition or reproof, a lecture 劝导；训斥；说教 3  a moral reflection suggested by natural objects etc. (受自然物等的启示而做的)道德反省  sermons in stones  石头的启示 [Middle English via Anglo-French sermun, Old French sermon from Latin sermo -onis ‘discourse, talk’]

sermonette /sɜ:məˈnet/ n.  a short sermon 简短的布道

sermonize /ˈsɜ:mənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  deliver a moral lecture to 对…进行说教(或训导) 2 intr.  deliver a moral lecture 说教；训导 □ sermonizer  n.  

Sermon on the Mount n.  the discourse of Christ recorded in Matt. 5 － 7 (耶酥的)登山训众(见《马太福音》第 5 至 7 章)

serology /siəˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of blood sera and their effects 血清学 □ serological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ serologist  n.  

seronegative /ˌsiərəʊˈneɡətiv/ adj. Med.  giving a negative result in a test of blood serum e.g. for presence of a virus 【医】血清反应呈阴性的

seropositive /ˌsiərəʊˈpɒzitiv/ adj. Med.  giving a positive result in a test of blood serum e.g. for presence of a virus 【医】血清反应呈阳性的

serosa /siˈrəʊsə/ n.  a serous membrane 浆膜 [modern Latin, fem. of medieval Latin serosus SEROUS]

serotine /ˈserətain/ n. (in full 全称 serotine bat)  a chestnut-coloured European bat, Eptesicus serotinus 栗色欧洲小蝙蝠 [French sérotine from Latin serotinus ‘late, of the evening’, from serus ‘late’]

serotonin /serəˈtəʊnin/ n. Biol.  a compound present in blood platelets and serum, which constricts the blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter 【生】血清素(存在于血小板和血清中，可使血管收缩并具有神经递质的功能) [SERUM + TONIC + -IN]

serous /ˈsiərəs/ adj.  of or like or producing serum; watery 浆液的；血清的；水状的 □ serosity  /-ˈrɒsiti/ n.   [French séreux or medieval Latin serosus (as SERUM)]

serous gland n. (also 亦作 serous membrane)  a gland or membrane with a serous secretion 浆液腺

serow /ˈserəʊ/ n.  either of two thick-coated goat-antelopes, Capriconus sumatrensis of mountains in S. and E. Asia, and C. crispus of Taiwan and Japan 鬣羚属动物(产于东南亚、中国台湾和日本) [Lepcha (Sikkim) sɑˉ-ro]

serpent /ˈsɜ:p(ə)nt/ n.  1 usu. literary  a scaly limbless reptile; a snake [通常文学用语]蛇；毒蛇 2  a sly or treacherous person, esp. one who exploits a position of trust to betray it 奸诈的人；(尤指)阴险毒辣的人 3 Mus.  an old bass wind instrument made from leather-covered wood, roughly in the form of an S 【音】蛇形号(一种古老的 S 形低音木管乐器) 4 (作 the Serpent) Bibl.  Satan (see Gen. 3, Rev. 20) 【圣经】撒旦(见《创世纪》第 3 章；《启示录》第 20 章) [Middle English via Old French from Latin serpens -entis, part. of serpere ‘creep’]

serpentine /ˈsɜ:p(ə)ntain/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of or like a serpent 蛇的；蛇状的 2  coiling, tortuous, sinuous, meandering, writhing 蜿蜒的，曲折的，弯曲的，盘旋的  the serpentine windings of the stream  溪流的蜿蜒曲折处 3  cunning, subtle, treacherous 狡猾的；阴险的；奸诈的 ●n.  1  a soft rock mainly of hydrated magnesium silicate, usu. dark green and sometimes mottled or spotted like a serpent's skin, taking a high polish and used as a decorative material (用作装饰材料的)蛇纹岩(一种软岩，主要成分为氢镁矽酸盐，通常为深绿色) 2 Skating  a figure of three circles in a line 【滑冰】同轴上滑 3 个圆形 ●v. intr.  move sinuously, meander 迂回前进；蜿蜒前行 [Middle English via Old French serpentin from Late Latin serpentinus (as SERPENT)]

serpentine verse n.  a metrical line beginning and ending with the same word (首尾词相同的)环形诗句

serpiginous /sɜ:ˈpidʒinəs/ adj.  1  like a serpent; winding, tortuous 蛇状的；曲折的；蜿蜒的 2 Med. (of a skin lesion) having a wavy margin 【医】(皮肤病)匐行的 [medieval Latin serpigo -ginis ‘ringworm’ from Latin serpere ‘creep’]

SERPS /sɜ:ps/ abbr. (in the UK) State earnings-related pension scheme [缩略] (英国)国家工资相关退休金计划

serpula /ˈsɜ:pjʊlə/ n. (pl. serpulae /-li:/)  any of various marine worms of the family Serpulidae, living in intricately twisted shell-like tubes 龙介虫(一种海虫，生活在盘旋曲折的壳状管中) [Late Latin, = small serpent, from Latin serpere ‘creep’]

serra /ˈserə/ n. (pl. serrae /-ri:/)  a serrated organ, structure, or edge 锯齿状器官(结构或边缘) [Latin, = ‘saw’]

serradilla /serəˈdilə/ n. (pl. serradillas)  a Mediterranean clover, Ornithopus sativus, grown as fodder (产于地中海的)红花草(用作饲料) [Portuguese, diminutive of serrado ‘serrated’]

serranid /səˈrænid, ˈserə-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine fish of the family Serranidae, comprising heavy predatory fishes such as sea basses and groupers 鮨科鱼(包括大鳞阔嘴鱼之类的大型食肉海鱼) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 鮨科的 [modern Latin Serranus (genus name) from Latin serra ‘saw’]

serrate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /seˈreit/ (usu. as 通常作 serrated adj.)  provide with a sawlike edge 使成锯齿状 ●adj. /ˈsereit/ esp. Anat., Bot. & Zool.  notched like a saw 【解】【植】【动】锯齿形的 □ serration  n.   [Late Latin serrare serrat- from Latin serra ‘saw’]

serried /ˈserid/ adj. (of ranks of soldiers, rows of trees, etc.) pressed together; without gaps; close (士兵队列、成行的树木等)密集的；拥挤的 [past part. of serry ‘press close’, probably from French serré, past part. of serrer ‘close’, ultimately from Latin sera ‘lock’, or past part. of obsolete serr from Old French serrer]

serrulate /ˈserjʊleit/ adj. esp. Anat., Bot. & Zool.  finely serrate; with a series of small notches 【解】【植】【动】细锯齿状的 □ serrulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [modern Latin serrulatus from Latin serrula, diminutive of serra ‘saw’]

serum /ˈsiərəm/ n. (pl. sera /-rə/ or serums)  1  a  the amber-coloured protein-rich liquid in which blood cells are suspended and which separates out when blood coagulates 血清b  whey 乳清 2 Med.  the blood serum of an animal used esp. to provide immunity to a pathogen or toxin by inoculation or as a diagnostic agent 【医】(尤指)免疫血清 3  a watery fluid in animal bodies (动物体内的)浆液 [Latin, = whey]

serum sickness n.  a reaction to an injection of serum, characterized by skin eruption, fever, etc. 血清反应(血清注射后出现皮肤发疹、高烧等症状)

serval /ˈsɜ:v(ə)l/ n.  a tawny black-spotted long-legged African cat, Felis serval (产于非洲的)高腿山猫，薮猫 [French from Portuguese cerval ‘deerlike’, via cervo ‘deer’ from Latin cervus]

servant /ˈsɜ:v(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person who has undertaken (usu. in return for stipulated pay) to carry out the orders of an individual or corporate employer, esp. a person employed in a house on domestic duties or as a personal attendant (通常指领取一定薪酬的)仆人，佣人 2  a devoted follower, a person willing to serve another 虔诚的追随者；甘做(某人)侍从的人  a servant of Jesus Christ  耶酥的侍从 [Middle English from Old French (as SERVE)]

serve /sɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  do a service for (a person, community, etc.) (为某人或社区等)服务 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  be a servant to 侍奉；伺候 3 intr.  carry out duties 供职  served on six committees  在 6 个委员会里担任职务 4 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 in)  be employed in (an organization, esp. the armed forces, or a place, esp. a foreign country) 供职于(某机构)；(尤指在军队或在国外)服役  served in the air force  在空军服役b  be a member of the armed forces 服兵役 5  a tr.  be useful to or serviceable for; meet the needs of; do what is required for 对…有用；满足…的需要  serve a purpose  适合于某目的 one packet serves him for a week  一包烟够他抽一个星期b intr.  meet requirements; perform a function 满足…的要求；用作  a sofa serving as a bed  可当床用的沙发c intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  avail, suffice 有益于；有助于；起作用  his attempt served only to postpone the inevitable  他的努力只会起到推迟必然结果的作用 it serves to show the folly of such action  它的作用在于显示了这种行动的愚蠢 6 tr.  a  go through a due period of (office, apprenticeship, a prison sentence, etc.) 度过(如任职期、学徒期、服刑期等)b  go through (a due period) of imprisonment etc. 服满刑期 7 tr.  set out or present (food) for those about to eat it 备置(饭菜)；端上(饭菜)  asparagus served with butter  黄油拌芦笋 dinner was then served  然后开饭了 8 intr. (in full 全形 serve at table)  act as a waiter 当侍者 9 tr.  a  attend to (a customer in a shop) (在商店)接待(顾客)b (foll. by 后跟 with)  supply with (goods) 供给(商品)  was serving a customer with apples  正给顾客拿出苹果 served the town with gas  给城市供煤气 10 tr.  treat or act towards (a person) in a specified way (以某种方式)对待(某人)  has served me shamefully  对我很坏 you may serve me as you will  你怎样对待我都行 11 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  deliver (a writ etc.) to the person concerned in a legally formal manner 送达(令状等)  served a warrant on him  给他送达委任状b (foll. by 后跟 with)  deliver a writ etc. to (a person) in this way 送(令状等)  served her with a summons  给她送达了传票 12 tr. Tennis etc. 【网球】  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  deliver (a ball etc.) to begin or resume play 发球b  produce (a fault etc.) in doing this 发球(失误等) 13 tr. Mil.  keep (a gun, battery, etc.) firing 【军】使(枪、炮等)开火 14 tr. (of an animal, esp. a stallion etc. hired for the purpose) copulate with (a female) (雄性动物尤指公马等)与(雌性动物)交配 15 tr. Brit.  distribute [英]分发；分配  served the ammunition out  分发弹药 served the rations round  分发配给品 16 tr.  render obedience to (a deity etc.) 顺从(神等) 17 Eccl. 【教会】  a intr.  act as a server 当助祭b tr.  act as a server at (a service) (在礼拜仪式上)当助祭 18 intr. (of a tide) be suitable for a ship to leave harbour etc. (潮汐)适合船只离港 19 tr. Naut.  bind (a rope etc.) with thin cord to strengthen it 【海】卷缠(绳索等)以加固 20 tr. archaic  play (a trick etc.) on [古义]对…耍手腕 ●n.  1 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  the act or an instance of serving 发球b  a manner of serving 发球方式c  a person's turn to serve (某人的)发球机会 2 Austral. slang  a reprimand [澳] [俚语]严责；申斥 □ it will serve   it will be adequate 足够了□ serve one's needs (or need)   be adequate 满足…的需求□ serve out  Brit. archaic colloq.  retaliate on [英古义] [口]对…进行报复  he'll serve you out for saying that  因你说了那件事他要报复你□ serve the purpose of   take the place of, be used as 可充当；可用作□ serve a person right   be a person's deserved punishment or misfortune 活该；得到应受的处罚(或报应)□ serve (or esp. US [尤美] serve out) one's time   1  hold office for the normal period (正常任职期限内)任职 2 (also 亦作 serve time)  undergo imprisonment, apprenticeship, etc. 服刑；度过学徒期(等)□ serve one's (or the) turn   be adequate 满足(某人的)需要□ serve up   offer for acceptance 端出；摆出 [Middle English via Old French servir from Latin servire, from servus ‘slave’]

server /ˈsɜ:və/ n.  1  a person who serves or attends to the requirements of another 服务员；侍者 2 (in tennis etc.) the player who serves the ball (网球等的)发球者 3 Eccl.  a person assisting the celebrant at a service, esp. the Eucharist 【教会】(尤指圣餐、感恩祭上的)助祭 4 Computing 【计算】  a  a program which manages shared access to a centralized resource or service in a network (使集中资源或服务在网络上可共享的)服务程序b  a device on which such a program is run 服务器 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a spoon and fork for serving food, esp. salad (分菜尤指分色拉用的)匙，叉子

servery /ˈsɜ:v(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a room from which meals etc. are served and in which utensils are kept [英] (放饭菜以及存放餐具的)备膳室

service1 /ˈsɜ:vis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act of helping or doing work for another or for a community etc. (为他人或社区等的)服务 2  work done in this way 服务工作 3  assistance or benefit given to someone (给某人的)帮助，助益 4  a Brit.  the provision or system of supplying a public need, e.g. transport, or (often in pl.) the supply of water, gas, electricity, telephone, etc. [英] (满足公众需要的)公共设施，公共系统，公共交通；(常用复数)水、气、电等的供应b (in pl. 用复数)  = SERVICE AREA 1  5  a  the fact or status of being a servant (当)用人b  employment or a position as a servant 用人的工作(或地位) 6  a state or period of employment doing work for an individual or organization 雇佣；服务期  resigned after 15 years' service  服务 15 年后退休了 7  a  a public or Crown department or organization employing officials working for the State 公务部门；政府机构  civil service  文职部门 secret service  机密部门b  employment in this 公务部门(或政府机构)的工作 8 (in pl. 用复数)  the armed forces 武装部队 9 (作 attrib.)  of the kind issued to the armed forces 发给军队的  a service revolver  军用左轮手枪 10  a  a ceremony of worship according to prescribed forms 宗教崇拜仪式b  a form of liturgy for this 礼拜仪式 11  a  the provision of what is necessary for the installation and maintenance of a machine etc. or operation (对设备安装、维修及操作等做出的)服务规定措施b  a periodic routine maintenance of a motor vehicle etc. (对机动车辆等的)维修 12  assistance or advice given to customers after the sale of goods (产品的)售后服务 13  a  the act or process of serving food, drinks, etc. (饭菜、饮料等)端上b  an extra charge nominally made for this 服务费 14  a set of dishes, plates, etc., used for serving meals (上饭菜用的)整套餐具  a dinner service  餐具 15 Tennis etc. 【网球】  a  the act or an instance of serving 发球b  a person's turn to serve (某人的)发球机会c  the manner or quality of serving 发球方式；发球质量d (in full 全称 service game)  a game in which a particular player serves 指定选手发球的比赛 ●v. tr.  1  provide service or services for, esp. maintain 提供维修保养服务 2  maintain or repair (a car, machine, etc.) 保养，修理(汽车、机器等) 3  pay interest on (a debt) (为债务)付利息 4  supply with a service 提供服务 5  a (of a male animal) copulate with (a female animal) (雄性动物)与(雌性动物)交配b coarse slang (of a man) have sexual intercourse with (a woman) [粗俗俚语] (男人)与(女人)性交 □ at a person's service   ready to serve or assist a person 愿为…服务(或效力)□ be of service   be available to assist 对…有帮助(或益处)□ in service   1  employed as a servant 受雇为佣人 2  available for use 可供使用□ on active service   serving in the armed forces in wartime (战争时期)在军队中服役□ out of service   not available for use 不再使用□ see service   1  have experience of service, esp. in the armed forces (尤指)有服兵役的经历 2 (of a thing) be much used (东西)使用旧了的□ take service with  Brit.  become a servant to [英]在(某处)帮佣 [Middle English via Old French service or Latin servitium from servus ‘slave’]

service2 /ˈsɜ:vis/ n.  1 (in full 全称 service tree)  a southern European tree of the rose family, Sorbus domestica, with toothed leaves, cream-coloured flowers, and small round or pear-shaped fruit eaten when overripe 花楸树(产于南欧，齿状叶片，开淡黄色花朵，结圆形或梨形小果) 2 (in full 全称 wild service tree)  a related small Eurasian tree, Sorbus torminalis, with lobed leaves and bitter fruit 野花楸树(产于欧亚大陆，瓣状叶片，果实苦涩) [earlier serves, pl. of obsolete serve, via Old English syrfe from Germanic, ultimately from Latin sorbus]

serviceable /ˈsɜ:visəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  useful or usable 有用的；可用的 2  able to render service 可提供服务的 3  durable; capable of withstanding difficult conditions 耐用的 4  suited for ordinary use rather than ornament 实用的 □ serviceability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ serviceableness  n.  □ serviceably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French servisable (as SERVICE1)]

service area n.  1  an area beside a major road for the supply of petrol, refreshments, etc. (公路边上供汽车加油和旅客休息的)路边服务区 2  the area served by a broadcasting station (广播电台的)覆盖区；可收听区

service-berry n.  1  the fruit of the service tree 花楸果 2  a  any American shrub of the genus Amelanchier (rose family) 唐棣(产于美洲的一种灌木)b  the edible fruit of this 唐棣果

service book n.  a book of authorized forms of worship of a Church 祈祷书；礼拜仪式书

service bus n. (also 亦作 service car) Austral. & NZ  a motor coach [澳新]公共汽车；长途汽车

service charge n.  an additional charge for service in a restaurant, hotel, etc. (餐馆、饭店等的)服务费；小费

service dress n. Brit.  ordinary military etc. uniform [英]军装

service flat n.  a flat in which domestic service and sometimes meals are provided by the management (由管理部门提供室内服务有时也提供膳食的)旅馆式公寓套间

service game  see 见 SERVICE1 n. 15 

service industry n.  one providing services not goods 服务性行业

service line n. (in tennis etc.) a line marking the limit of the area into which the ball must be served (网球等的)发球线

serviceman /ˈsɜ:vismən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man serving in the armed forces 军人 2  a man providing service or maintenance 维修人员；检修人员

service road n.  a road parallel to a main road, serving houses, shops, etc. 入境道路(由主干道通向住宅、商店等的支路)

service station n.  an establishment beside a road selling petrol and oil etc. to motorists and often able to carry out maintenance 加油站(通常还可检修车辆)

service tree  see 见 SERVICE2 

servicewoman /ˈsɜ:viswʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman serving in the armed forces 女军人，女兵

serviette /sɜ:viˈet/ n. esp. Brit.  a napkin for use at table [尤英]餐巾 [Middle English from Old French, from servir SERVE]

servile /ˈsɜ:vail/ adj.  1  of or being or like a slave or slaves 奴隶的；奴隶似的 2  slavish, fawning; completely dependent 奴性的；谄媚的；卑屈的 □ servilely  adv.  □ servility  /-ˈviliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin servilis, from servus ‘slave’]

serving /ˈsɜ:viŋ/ n.  a quantity of food served to one person (供一人吃的)一份(饭菜)

servitor /ˈsɜ:vitə/ n.  1 archaic [古义]  a  a servant 仆人；佣人b  an attendant 侍从；侍卫 2 hist.  an Oxford undergraduate performing menial duties in exchange for assistance from college funds [史义] (牛津大学里以做侍应生而获学院资助读书的)工读大学生 □ servitorship  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin (as SERVE)]

servitude /ˈsɜ:vitju:d/ n.  1  slavery 奴役 2  subjection (esp. involuntary); bondage 屈从；束缚 3 Law  the subjection of property to an easement 【法律】地役权 [Middle English via Old French from Latin servitudo -inis, from servus ‘slave’]

servo /ˈsɜ:vəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 (in full 全称 servomechanism)  a powered mechanism producing motion or forces at a higher level of energy than the input level, e.g. in the brakes and steering of large motor vehicles, esp. where feedback is employed to make the control automatic 伺服动力传动装置，伺服传动系统 2 (in full 全称 servo-motor)  the motive element in a servo-mechanism 伺服电动机 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  of or involving a servo-mechanism 伺服  servo-assisted  伺服辅助的 [Latin servus ‘slave’]

sesame /ˈsesəmi/ n.  1  an African herbaceous plant, Sesamum orientale, with seeds used as food and yielding an edible oil 芝麻 2  its seeds 芝麻籽 □ open sesame   a means of acquiring or achieving what is normally unattainable (from the magic words used in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments) 芝麻开门(完成奇迹的秘诀，源于《天方夜谭》) [Latin sesamum from Greek sēsamon, sēsamē]

sesamoid /ˈsesəmɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  shaped like a sesame seed; nodular (esp. of small independent bones developed in tendons passing over an angular structure such as the kneecap and the navicular bone) 芝麻粒状的；籽样的；籽骨的(尤指膝盖骨和舟骨) ●n.  a sesamoid bone 籽骨

sesqui- /ˈseskwi/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  denoting one and a half 一个半 2 Chem. (of a compound) in which there are three equivalents of a named element or radical to two others (sesquioxide 三氧化二…) 【化】(化合物)三化二 [Latin (as SEMI-, -que ‘and’)]

sesquicentenary /ˌseskwisenˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten-, seskwiˈsentin-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a one-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary 150 周年纪念日

sesquicentennial /ˌseskwisenˈteniəl/ n. & adj. ●n.  = SESQUICENTENARY  ●adj.  of or relating to a sesquicentennial (关于)150 周年纪念日的

sesquipedalian /ˌseskwipiˈdeiliən/ adj.  1 (of a word etc.) polysyllabic, long (词等)多音节的；长的 2  characterized by long words; long-winded 好用长词的；冗长的 [Latin sesquipedalis = a foot and a half long, from SESQUI- + pes pedis- ‘foot’]

sess var.  of CESS1  CESS1 的变体

sessile /ˈsesail, ˈsesil/ adj.  1 Bot. & Zool. (of a flower, leaf, eye, etc.) attached directly by its base without a stalk or peduncle 【植】【动】(花、叶、花心、眼睛等)无柄的；无梗的 2  a (of an animal, e.g. a barnacle) fixed in one spot (动物如附着甲壳动物)固着的b  immobile 静止不动的 [Latin sessilis from sedēre sess- ‘sit’]

sessile oak n.  = DURMAST 

session /ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process of assembly of a deliberative or judicial body to conduct its business (议会的)会议；(司法机构的)开庭 2  a single meeting for this purpose (大会的)一次会议；(司法机构的)一次开庭 3  a period during which such meetings are regularly held 开会期；开庭期 4  a  an academic year 一学年b  the period during which a school etc. has classes (学校等的)上课时间 5  a  a period devoted to an activity (从事某活动的)一段时间  poker session  打扑克时间 recording session  录音时间b colloq.  a period of heavy or sustained drinking [口] (狂饮或持续饮酒的)酒会 6  the governing body of a Presbyterian Church (基督教长老会的)管理机构 □ in session   assembled for business; not on vacation 正在开会；未休假□ sessional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French session or Latin sessio -onis (as SESSILE)]

sesterce /ˈsestɜ:s/ n. (also 亦作 sestertius /seˈstɜ:ʃəs/) (pl. sesterces /ˈsestəˌsi:z/ or sestertii /-ˈstɜ:ʃii:/)  an ancient Roman coin and monetary unit equal to one-quarter of a denarius 塞斯特斯(古罗马硬币，等于 1/4 迪纳里厄斯) [Latin sestertius (nummus ‘coin’) = 2(1/2), from semis ‘half’ + tertius ‘a third’]

sestet /sesˈtet/ n.  1  the last six lines of a sonnet (十四行诗的)最后六行 2  a sextet 六重唱；六重奏 [Italian sestetto from sesto, from Latin sextus ‘a sixth’]

sestina /seˈsti:nə/ n.  a form of rhymed or unrhymed poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences 六节诗(全诗由六节六行诗与一个结尾的三行诗构成，每个诗节的六行诗均以相同的六个词结尾，但出现的次序均不相同) [Italian (as SESTET)]

set1 /set/ v. (setting; past and past part. set)  1 tr.  put, lay, or stand (a thing) in a certain position or location 置，放；安放  set it on the table  把它放在桌上 set it upright  把它竖着放置 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  apply (one thing) to (another) 使(一物)贴靠(另一物)  set pen to paper  下笔在纸上写字 3 tr.  a  fix ready or in position 安排好；放妥位置b  dispose suitably for use, action, or display 布置妥当(以便使用、行动或展示) 4 tr.  a  adjust the hands of (a clock or watch) to show the right time 调准(钟、表的)时间b  adjust (an alarm clock) to sound at the required time 调准(闹钟的)预定响铃时间 5 tr.  a  fix, arrange, or mount 安装；安排；安置b  insert (a jewel) in a ring, framework, etc. (在戒指、框架等上)镶嵌(宝石) 6 tr.  make (a device) ready to operate 使(仪器等)处于运行状态 7 tr.  lay (a table) for a meal 摆放餐桌 8 tr.  arrange (the hair) while damp so that it dries in the required style 做发型 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  ornament or provide (a surface, esp. a precious item) (尤指用贵重物品)装饰，镶嵌  gold set with gems  镶宝石的金饰 10 tr.  bring by placing or arranging or other means into a specified state; cause to be 使…处于某种状态  set things in motion  使事情运转起来 set it on fire  使…着火 11 intr. & tr.  harden or solidify 硬化；凝固  the jelly is set  果冻已凝固 the cement has set  水泥已硬化 12 intr. (of the sun, moon, etc.) appear to move towards and below the earth's horizon (as the earth rotates) (日、月等由于地球的自转)落下地平线 13 tr.  represent (a story, play, scene, etc.) as happening in a certain time or place (为故事、戏剧、场景等)设置(时间或地点)背景 14 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  cause or instruct (a person) to perform a specified activity 使(某人)做某事  set them to work  使他们工作b (foll. by 后跟 pres. part.)  start (a person or thing) doing something 使(人或物)开始做某事  set him chatting  让他闲聊 set the ball rolling  使球滚动 15 tr.  present or impose as work to be done or a matter to be dealt with 分派，指派(工作等)；提出，布置(任务等)  set them an essay  给他们布置了一篇作文 16 tr.  exhibit as a type or model 树立典范(或榜样)  set a good example  树立了一个好榜样 17 tr.  initiate; take the lead in 开创；引领  set the fashion  引领时尚 set the pace  确定速度 18 tr.  establish (a record etc.) 创造(纪录等) 19 tr.  determine or decide 确定；决定  the itinerary is set  行程计划已经确定 20 tr.  appoint or establish 指定，委派  set them in authority  使他们有权… 21 tr.  join, attach, or fasten 连接；固定 22 tr.  a  put parts of (a broken or dislocated bone, limb, etc.) into the correct position for healing 使(断骨、折骨等)复位b  deal with (a fracture or dislocation) in this way 使(断裂或脱位的骨头)复位 23 tr. (in full 全形 set to music)  provide (words etc.) with music for singing 为(词等)谱曲 24 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Printing 【印刷】  a  arrange or produce (type or film etc.) as required 排铅字；制作胶片(等)b  arrange the type or film etc. for (a book etc.) 为(书等)排版(或排胶片等) 25 intr. (of a tide, current, etc.) have a certain motion or direction (潮水、水流等)朝某方向(流动) 26 intr. (of a face) assume a hard expression (脸部)表情冷峻 27 tr.  a  cause (a hen) to sit on eggs 使(母鸡)孵卵b  place (eggs) for a hen to sit on 使(卵)孵化 28 tr.  put (a seed, plant, etc.) in the ground to grow 把(种子、幼苗等)植入土中 29 tr.  give the teeth of (a saw) an alternate outward inclination 开锯齿(使相邻锯齿向相反方向的外侧倾斜) 30 tr. esp. US  start (a fire) [尤美]点火；放火 31 intr. (of eyes etc.) become motionless (眼睛等)呆滞不动 32 intr.  feel or show a certain tendency 感觉(或显示)某种趋势  opinion is setting against it  舆论趋向反对它 33 intr.  a (of blossom) form into fruit (花)结成果实b (of fruit) develop from blossom (果实)由花形成c (of a tree) develop fruit (树)结果实 34 intr. (in full 全形 set to partner) (of a dancer) take a position facing one's partner (舞蹈者)与舞伴面对面而舞 35 intr. (of a hunting dog) take a rigid attitude indicating the presence of game (猎狗)站定用鼻子指定猎物方向 36 intr. dial. or slang  sit [方] [俚语]坐 □ set about   1  begin or take steps towards 开始；着手做 2 Brit. colloq.  attack [英口]攻击□ set against   1  consider or reckon (a person or thing) as a counterpoise or compensation for (another) 用…抵消；用…补偿 2  cause (a person or persons) to oppose (a person or thing) 使对抗(或敌对)□ set apart   separate, reserve, differentiate 分开；保留；区分□ set aside   see 见 ASIDE □ set back   1  place further back in place or time 使(地点)远离；使(时间)推迟；耽搁 2  impede or reverse the progress of 阻碍(或逆转)…的前进(或进展) 3 colloq.  cost (a person) a specified amount [口]使(某人)破费□ set by  archaic or US  save for future use [古义] [美]留出；拨出□ set down   1  record in writing 记下；写下 2  allow to alight from a vehicle 允许(从车上)下来 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  attribute to 把…归因于 4 (foll. by 后跟 as)  explain or describe to oneself as 把…视为□ set eyes on   see 见 EYE □ set one's face against   see 见 FACE □ set foot on (or in)   see 见 FOOT □ set forth   1  begin a journey 出发；启程 2  make known; expound 公开；阐述□ set forward   begin to advance 出发，启程□ set free   release 释放□ set one's hand to   see 见 HAND □ set one's heart (or hopes) on   want or hope for eagerly 渴望□ set in   1 (of weather, a condition, etc.) begin (and seem likely to continue), become established (天气、条件等)到来(而且似乎要持续)；稳定 2  insert (esp. a sleeve etc. into a garment) 嵌入；缝上(尤指为衣服缝上袖子)□ set little by   consider to be of little value 轻视；蔑视□ set a person's mind at rest   see 见 MIND □ set much by   consider to be of much value 重视；看重□ set off   1  begin a journey 启程；出发 2  detonate (a bomb etc.) 使(炸弹等)爆炸 3  initiate, stimulate 引起；激起 4  cause (a person) to start laughing, talking, etc. 使(某人)开始欢笑(或说话等) 5  serve as an adornment or foil to; enhance 衬托；装饰；增强 6 (foll. by 后跟 against)  use as a compensating item 用…抵消；用…补偿□ set on (or upon)   1  attack violently 猛烈攻击 2  cause or urge to attack 唆使(或煽动)…攻击□ set out   1  begin a journey 出发，启程 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  aim or intend 打算；试图 3  demonstrate, arrange, or exhibit 展现；陈列；展示 4  mark out 规划；布置 5  declare 申明□ set sail   1  hoist the sails 升起船帆 2  begin a voyage 起航□ set the scene   see 见 SCENE □ set the stage   see 见 STAGE □ set store by (or on)   see 见 STORE □ set one's teeth   1  clench them 咬紧牙关 2  summon one's resolve 下定决心□ set to   begin doing something vigorously, esp. fighting, arguing, or eating 开始起劲地做(尤指战斗、争辩或吃)□ set up   1  place in position or view 建造；竖立 2  organize or start (a business etc.) 开办(企业)；开业 3  establish in some capacity 使掌握权利；使自立 4  supply the needs of 供给 5  begin making (a loud sound) (开始)大声叫喊 6  cause or make arrangements for (a condition or situation) 为…做安排；为…做准备 7  prepare (a task etc. for another) 为…安排(任务等) 8  restore or enhance the health of (a person) 使…恢复健康；增进…的健康 9  establish (a record) 创立(纪录) 10  propound (a theory) 提出(理论) 11 colloq.  cause (a person) to incriminate himself or herself or to look foolish; frame (a person) [口]陷害；诬陷□ set oneself up as   make pretensions to being 假装自己是… [Old English settan, from Germanic]

set2 /set/ n.  1  a number of things or persons that belong together or resemble one another or are usually found together (相互配套或相似的)一副，一套(用具或人马) 2  a collection or group 一集；一组 3  a section of society consorting together or having similar interests etc. (因有共同爱好等而相互交往的)一群(伙、帮)人 4  a collection of implements, vessels, etc., regarded collectively and needed for a specified purpose (用具、器皿等的)一套，一副  cricket set  板球用具 teaset  茶具 a set of teeth  一副牙齿 5  a piece of electric or electronic apparatus, esp. a radio or television receiver 一件电器(尤指收音机或电视接收机) 6 (in tennis, darts, etc.) a group of games counting as a unit towards a match for the player or side that wins a defined number or proportion of the games (网球、飞镖等的)盘(由数局构成的比赛单位) 7 Math. & Logic  a collection of distinct entities, individually specified or satisfying specified conditions, forming a unit 【数】【逻辑学】集；集合 8  a group of pupils or students having the same average ability (平均能力相同的)学生组 9  a  a slip, shoot, bulb, etc., for planting (栽培用的)苗，秧，插条b  a young fruit just set 刚结成的果实 10  a  a habitual posture or conformation; the way the head etc. is carried or a dress etc. flows 习惯姿势(如头部习惯性的姿势或衣裙等的飘垂)b (also 亦作 dead set)  a setter's pointing in the presence of game (猎犬指定的)猎物的方向 11  the way, drift, or tendency (of a current, public opinion, state of mind, etc.) (水流、公众舆论、情绪等的)流向，趋势  the set of public feeling is against it  公众感情趋向反对它 12  the way in which a machine, device, etc., is set or adjusted (机器、设备等的)设定；调节 13 esp. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a grudge [尤澳新口]积怨；嫌隙 14  a  the alternate outward deflection of the teeth of a saw (锯齿的)外倾角b  the amount of this 锯齿的外倾角度 15  the last coat of plaster on a wall (墙上)最后一道灰泥 16 Printing 【印刷】  a  the amount of spacing in type controlling the distance between letters 字母间距b  the width of a piece of type 铅字宽度 17  a warp or bend or displacement caused by continued pressure or a continued position (由于持续保持的压力或位置而产生的)变形，弯曲 18  a setting, including stage furniture etc., for a play or film etc. (戏剧或电影等的)布景，摄影场 19  a sequence of songs or pieces performed in jazz or popular music (爵士乐或流行音乐的)乐组 20  the setting of the hair when damp 做发型 21 var.  of SETT 1 SETT 1 的变体 22 var.  of SETT 2 SETT 2 的变体 23  a predisposition or expectation influencing a response (影响反应的)心向；定势 24  a number of people making up a square dance (方形舞的)舞伴对数 □ make a dead set at  Brit. [英]  1  make a determined attack on 进行坚决的攻击 2  seek to win the affections of 争取赢得…的喜爱 [sense 1 (and related senses) via Old French sette from Latin secta SECT: other senses from SET1]

set3 /set/ adj.  1  in senses of SET1 用于 SET1 的释义 2  prescribed or determined in advance 预定的 3  fixed, unchanging, unmoving 固定的；不变的；不动的 4 (of a phrase or speech etc.) having invariable or predetermined wording; not extempore (短语)搭配已固定的；(发言等)事先准备好的 5  prepared for action 准备就绪的 6 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  determined to acquire or achieve etc. 决意要得到(或做到)的 7 (of a book etc.) specified for reading in preparation for an examination (书等)考试指定的 [past part. of SET1]

seta /ˈsi:tə/ n. (pl. setae /-ti:/) Bot. & Zool.  a stiff hair or bristle 【植】【动】刚毛，刺毛 □ setaceous  /-ˈteiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin, = bristle]

set-aside n.  1  the action of setting something aside for a special purpose (为某个目的而进行的)物品储备 2  the policy of taking land out of production to reduce crop surpluses 使耕地退耕(以减少粮食过剩)的政策 often 常作 attrib.: set-aside land  退耕的土地

setback /ˈsetbæk/ n.  1  a reversal or arrest of progress 挫折 2  a relapse 复发

se-tenant /si:ˈtenənt, 法 sətənɑ˜/ adj. Philately (of stamps, esp. of different designs) joined together side by side as when printed 【集邮】(尤指不同图案的邮票)印刷时连在一起的 [French, = holding together]

set fair adj. Brit. (of the weather) fine without a sign of breaking [英] (天气)持续晴好的

SETI abbr.  search for extraterrestrial intelligence [缩略]外星智能探索

setiferous /siˈtif(ə)rəs/ adj. (also 亦作 setigerous /siˈtidʒ(ə)rəs/) Biol.  having bristles 【生】有刚毛的 [Latin seta ‘bristle’, setiger ‘bristly’ + -FEROUS, -GEROUS]

set menu n.  a limited menu of a set number of courses 套餐，套菜

set-off n.  1  a thing set off against another 对比物 2  a thing of which the amount or effect may be deducted from that of another or opposite tendency 扣除物 3  a counterpoise 抵消物 4  a counter-claim 反索赔；反诉 5  a thing that embellishes; an adornment to something 装饰物；陪衬物 6 Printing 【印刷】  = OFFSET 7 

seton /ˈsi:t(ə)n/ n. Surgery  a skein of cotton etc. passed below the skin and left with the ends protruding to promote drainage etc. 【外科】(皮下)泄液线 [Middle English from medieval Latin seto, seta ‘silk’, apparently from Latin seta ‘bristle’]

setose /ˈsi:təʊs, -z/ adj. Biol.  bristly 【生】刚毛的 [Latin seta ‘bristle’]

set phrase n.  an invariable or usual arrangement of words 固定短语

set piece n.  1  a formal or elaborate arrangement, esp. in art or literature (尤指艺术或文学的)精彩片断 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : set-piece occasions  精心安排的场合 2  a pre-arranged movement in a team game at a free-kick, scrum, etc. (任意球、并列争球等中)预先安排的布阵形式 3  an arrangement of fireworks composing a picture or design 花式焰火

set point n. Tennis etc. 【网球】  1  the state of a game when one side needs only one more point to win the set 盘点(局面) (其中一方只需再得一分即可赢得该盘比赛) 2  this point 盘点

set screw n.  a screw for adjusting or clamping parts of a machine (机器的)缔合螺丝；紧固螺丝

set scrum n. Rugby  a scrum ordered by the referee 【英式橄榄球】(裁判判定的)并列争球

set square n.  a right-angled triangular plate for drawing lines, esp. at 90°, 45°, 60°, or 30° (尤指有 90 度、 45 度、 60 度或 30 度角的制图用的)三角板

Setswana var.  of TSWANA  n. 3 TSWANA 名词 3 的变体

sett /set/ n. (also 亦作 set)  1  a badger's burrow 獾的洞穴 2  a granite paving block 花岗岩铺路石板

settee /seˈti:/ n.  a seat (usu. upholstered), with a back and usu. arms, for more than one person (有靠背和扶手的)长椅；长靠椅 [18th c.: perhaps a fanciful variant of SETTLE2]

setter /ˈsetə/ n.  1  a  a dog of a large long-haired breed trained to stand rigid when scenting game (see 见 SET1 35) 塞特猎犬(体大、毛长，经训练后能站定用鼻指示猎物方向)b  this breed 塞特种猎犬 2  a person or thing that sets 安装者；镶嵌者；排字者；调节器

set theory n.  the branch of mathematics which deals with the properties of sets (without regard to the nature of their individual constituents) 集(合)论(一种数字理论研究集合的特性，而不考虑它们作为个体单独存在时的性质)

setting /ˈsetiŋ/ n.  1  the position or manner in which a thing is set (物品的)安放位置；安放方式 2  the immediate surroundings (of a house etc.) (房子等的)周围环境 3  the surroundings of any object regarded as its framework; the environment of a thing (物体的)框架；环境 4  the place and time, scenery, etc., of a story, drama, etc. (故事、戏剧等的)背景；场景 5  a frame in which a jewel is set (镶嵌宝石的)底板，托板 6  the music to which words of a poem, song, etc., are set (为诗、歌词等谱写的)曲 7  a set of cutlery and other accessories for one person at a table (餐桌上摆放的)一副餐具 8  the way in which or level at which a machine is set to operate (机器的)调节；设定

setting lotion n.  lotion used to prepare the hair for being set 头发定型液

settle1 /ˈset(ə)l/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  establish or become established in a more or less permanent abode or way of life (使)定居；(生活)安定 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  a  cease or cause to cease from wandering, disturbance, movement, etc. 使安顿b  adopt a regular or secure style of life 过安定的生活c (foll. by 后跟 to)  apply oneself (to work, an activity, a way of life, etc.) 定下心来做…  settled down to writing letters  定下心来写信 3  a intr.  sit or come down to stay for some time 坐(一会儿)；逗留(一会儿)b tr.  cause to do this 使坐(或逗留一会儿) 4 tr. & intr.  bring to or attain fixity, certainty, composure, or quietness (使)稳定；确定；镇静；安静 5 tr.  determine or decide or agree upon 确定；决定；同意  shall we settle a date?  我们定个日期好吗？ 6 tr.  a  resolve (a dispute etc.) 解决(纷争等)b  deal with (a matter) finally 结束，了结(某事) 7 tr.  terminate (a lawsuit) by mutual agreement (通过相互协议)结束(诉讼) 8 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 for)  accept or agree to (esp. an alternative not one's first choice) (尤指退而求其次地)同意；接受b (foll. by 后跟 on)  decide on 选定… 9 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  pay (a debt, an account, etc.) 结清(债务、账单等) 10 intr. (as 作 settled adj.)  not likely to change for a time (短时间内)不易改变的  settled weather  稳定的天气 11 tr.  a  aid the digestion of (food) 助消化b  remedy the disordered state of (nerves, the stomach, etc.) 使(神经、胃等的紊乱状态)缓解，消除 12 tr.  a  colonize 使殖民化b  establish colonists in 殖民于… 13 intr.  subside; fall to the bottom or on to a surface 下沉；沉到底部；漂在表层  the foundations have settled  地基下陷了 wait till the sediment settles  等到沉淀物沉下去 the dust will settle  尘土会落下来 14 intr. (of a ship) begin to sink (船)下沉 15 tr.  get rid of the obstruction of (a person) by argument or conflict or killing (通过争辩、斗争等)使…就范；杀死…以铲除障碍 □ settle one's affairs   make any necessary arrangements (e.g. write a will) when death is near 临终安排(如写遗嘱)□ settle a person's hash   see 见 HASH1 □ settle in   become established in a place 在…定居□ settle up   1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  pay (an account, debt, etc.) 结清(账目、债务等) 2  finally arrange (a matter) 办理完(事务)□ settle with   1  pay all or part of an amount due to (a creditor) 还清(债务)；偿还(部分债务) 2  get revenge on 报复；跟…算账□ settleable  adj.   [Old English setlan (as SETTLE2), from Germanic]

settle2 /ˈset(ə)l/ n.  a bench with a high back and arms and often with a box fitted below the seat 高背长椅(有扶手，座板下通常有个小柜) [Old English setl ‘a place to sit’, from Germanic]

settlement /ˈset(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of settling; the process of being settled 定居；安顿 2  a  the colonization of a region 殖民b  a place or area occupied by settlers 殖民地c  a small village 小村落；小居留地 3  a  a political or financial etc. agreement (政治或金融等的)协议b  an arrangement ending a dispute (纠纷的)和解 4  a  the terms on which property is given to a person (财产赠予的)条件b  a deed stating these (申明财产赠予条件的)契约c  the amount or property given (赠予的)数额，财产d  = MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT  5  the process of settling an account (账目的)偿清 6  subsidence of a wall, house, soil, etc. (墙、房子、土地等的)下陷

settler /ˈsetlə/ n.  a person who goes to settle in a new country or place; an early colonist (到他国或外地的)移居者；(早期的)殖民者

settling day n. (in the UK) the fortnightly pay day on the Stock Exchange (英国) (股市两周一次的)结算日；交割日

settlor /ˈsetlə/ n. Law  a person who makes a settlement esp. of a property 【法律】赠予人；(尤指)财产赠予人

set-to n. (pl. -tos) colloq.  a fight or argument [口]殴斗；争吵

set-up n.  1  a  the way in which something is organized or arranged 组织(形式)，安排(方式)b  an organization or arrangement 组织，安排 2 colloq.  a conspiracy or trick whereby a person is caused to incriminate himself or herself or to look foolish, or a criminal is caught red-handed [口]陷害；诬陷

seven /ˈsev(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than six, or three less than ten; the sum of four units and three units 七 2  a symbol for this 代表七的符号 (7, vii, VII) 3  a size etc. denoted by seven (尺码等)7 号 4  a set or team of seven individuals 7 个一副(或一套)； 7 人一队 5  the time of seven o'clock 7 点钟 6  a playing card with seven pips (牌戏中)7 点的牌 ●adj.  that amount to seven 7 的 □ the seven wonders of the world   see 见 WONDER  [Old English seofon, from Germanic]

seven deadly sins n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the sins of pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth 七大罪(即骄傲、贪婪、淫邪、愤怒、贪食、妒忌和懒惰)

sevenfold /ˈsev(ə)nfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  seven times as much or as many 七倍的(地) 2  consisting of seven parts 七部分的(地)

seven seas n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  the oceans of the world: the Arctic, Antarctic, N. Pacific, S. Pacific, N. Atlantic, S. Atlantic, and Indian Oceans 世界七大洋(即北冰洋、南冰洋、北太平洋、南太平洋、北大西洋、南大西洋和印度洋)

Seven Sisters n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  = PLEIADES 

seventeen /sev(ə)nˈti:n, ˈsev(ə)nti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than sixteen, or seven more than ten 十七 2  a symbol for this 代表十七的符号 (17, xvii, XVII) 3  a size etc. denoted by seventeen (尺码等)17 号 ●adj.  that amount to seventeen 17 的 □ seventeenth  adj. & n.   [Old English seofontīene]

seventh /ˈsev(ə)nθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 7 in the sequence 1 － 7 第七 2  something occupying this position (处于)第七位(的事物) 3  one of seven equal parts of a thing 七分之一 4 Mus.  a  an interval or chord spanning seven consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to B) 【音】七度音程(如从 C 到 B)b  a note separated from another by this interval 被七度音程分隔开的音符 ●adj.  that is the seventh 第七的 □ in seventh heaven   see 见 HEAVEN □ seventhly  adv.  

Seventh-Day Adventist n.  a member of a strict protestant sect preaching the imminent return of Christ to earth, and observing the sabbath on Saturday 基督复临安息日会教友

seventy /ˈsev(ə)nti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of seven and ten 七十 2  a symbol for this 代表七十的符号 (70, lxx, LXX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 70 to 79, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 70 到 79 的数；(尤指)70 年代；(人的)70 岁到 79 岁的时期 ●adj.  that amount to seventy 70 的 □ seventy-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between seventieth and eightieth 介于第 70 和第 80 之间的序数词□ seventy-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between seventy and eighty 介于 70 和 80 之间的基数词□ seventieth  adj. & n.  □ seventyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English -seofontig]

seventy-eight n. hist.  a gramophone record played at 78 r.p.m [史义]每分钟 78 转的留声机唱片

seven year itch n.  a supposed tendency to infidelity after seven years of marriage 七年之痒(据说结婚 7 年后夫妻之间出现的不忠实趋势)

sever /ˈsevə/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  divide, break, or make separate, esp. by cutting 分开；分断；分隔；(尤指)切断 2 tr. & intr.  break off or away; separate, part, divide 中断；切断；分开；分隔  severed our friendship  中断我们的友谊 3 tr.  end the employment contract of (a person) 终止(某人的)雇用合同 □ severable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French severer, Old French sevrer, ultimately from Latin separare SEPARATE v.]

several /ˈsev(ə)r(ə)l/ det., pron. & adj. ●det. & pron.  more than two but not many 几个，数个  several things  几件东西 several people  几个人 several of them were present  他们中有几个人在场 she offered him one but he took several  她给了他一个，但他却拿了好几个 ●adj.  1  separate or respective; distinct 各个的；各自的  all went their several ways  大家都各走各的路 2 Law  applied or regarded separately (opp. 反义 JOINT adj. 1) 【法律】分别的；各自的 □ severally  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, via Anglo-Latin separalis from Latin separ SEPARATE adj.]

severalty /ˈsev(ə)r(ə)lti/ n.  1  separateness 各个，各自 2  the individual or unshared tenure of an estate etc. (esp. 尤用于 in severalty 单独占有) (房地产等)单独所有；独占权 [Middle English from Anglo-French severalte (as SEVERAL)]

severance /ˈsev(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of severing 切断，割断 2  a severed state 切断(状态)，割断(状态)

severance pay n.  an amount paid to an employee on the early termination of a contract (提前终止雇用合同的)解雇金

severe /siˈviə/ adj.  1  rigorous, strict, and harsh in attitude or treatment (态度或待人)苛刻的；严格的；严厉的  a severe critic  苛刻的批评家 severe discipline  严格的纪律 2  serious, critical 严重的；危险的  a severe shortage  严重短缺 3  vehement or forceful 猛烈的；凛冽的  a severe storm  猛烈的风暴 4  extreme (in an unpleasant quality) 极度的；严酷的  a severe winter  严冬 severe cold  严寒 5  arduous or exacting; making great demands on energy, skill, etc. 艰难的；艰巨的；严峻的，严酷的  severe competition  严酷的竞争 6  unadorned; plain in style 不加装饰的；朴素的，简明的  severe dress  简朴的衣裙 □ severely  adv.  □ severity  /-ˈveriti/ n.   [French sévère or Latin severus]

severy /ˈsevəri/ n. (pl. -ies) Archit.  a space or compartment in a vaulted ceiling 【建】(穹顶上的)分隔间 [Middle English from Old French civoire (as CIBORIUM)]

Seville orange /ˈsevil/ n.  a bitter orange used for marmalade (做橙子酱用的)塞维利亚酸橙 [Seville, a city and province in Spain]

sew /səʊ/ v. tr. (past part. sewn /səʊn/ or sewed)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  fasten, join, etc., by making stitches with a needle and thread or a sewing machine (用针线或缝纫机)缝，缝合 2  make (a garment etc.) by sewing 缝制(衣服等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, in, etc.)  attach by sewing 缝上  shall I sew on your buttons?  我给你缝上纽扣好吗？ □ sew up   1  join or enclose by sewing 缝合 2 (esp. in passive 尤用被动) colloq.  bring to a desired conclusion or condition; complete satisfactorily; ensure the favourable outcome of (a thing) [口]顺利完成；圆满完成；确保…满意地结束□ sewer  n.   [Old English si(o)wan]

sewage /ˈsu:idʒ, ˈsju:-/ n.  waste matter, esp. excrement, conveyed in sewers (由下水道排放的)污水；(尤指)排泄物

sewage farm n. (also 亦作 sewage works)  a place where sewage is treated, esp. to produce manure (尤指制作肥料的)污水处理场

sewen var.  of SEWIN  SEWIN 的变体

sewer /ˈsu:ə, ˈsju:ə/ n.  a conduit, usu. underground, for carrying off drainage water and sewage 下水道 [Middle English from Anglo-French sever(e), Old Northern French se(u)wiere ‘channel to carry off the overflow from a fish pond’, ultimately from Latin ex- ‘out of’ + aqua ‘water’]

sewerage /ˈsu:əridʒ, ˈsju:-/ n.  1  a system of or drainage by sewers (下水道)污水排放系统 2 US [美]  = SEWAGE 

sewer rat n.  the common brown rat 褐鼠

sewin /ˈsju:in/ n. (also 亦作 sewen)  a salmon trout of Welsh etc. rivers (产于威尔士等河中的)西海鳟 [16th c.: origin unknown]

sewing /ˈsəʊiŋ/ n.  material or work to be sewn (待缝纫的)衣料，缝纫活

sewing machine n.  a machine for sewing or stitching 缝纫机

sewn past part.  of SEW  

sex /seks/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  either of the main divisions (male and female) into which living things are placed on the basis of their reproductive functions (根据生物的生殖功能区分的)性 2  the fact of belonging to one of these 性别 3  males or females collectively (总称)男性，女性；阳性，阴性 4  sexual instincts, desires, etc., or their manifestation 性本能；性欲；性行为 5 colloq.  sexual intercourse [口]性交 ●adj.  1  of or relating to sex 性的  sex education  性教育 2  arising from a difference or consciousness of sex 性别的；性意识的  sex antagonism  性对抗 sex urge  性冲动 ●v. tr.  1  determine the sex of 确定…的性别 2 (as 作 sexed adj.)  a  having a sexual appetite 有性欲的  highly sexed  性欲旺盛的b  having sexual characteristics 有性特征的 □ sexer  n.   [Middle English from Old French sexe or Latin sexus]

sex act n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the (or an) act of sexual intercourse 性行为，性交

sexagenarian /ˌseksədʒiˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person from 60 to 69 years old 60 岁到 69 岁之间的人 ●adj.  of this age 60 岁到 69 岁之间的 [Latin sexagenarius from sexageni, distributive of sexaginta ‘sixty’]

Sexagesima /seksəˈdʒesimə/ n.  the Sunday before Quinquagesima 大斋节前的第二个星期日 [Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin, = sixtieth (day), probably named loosely as preceding QUINQUAGESIMA]

sexagesimal /seksəˈdʒesim(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of sixtieths 六十分之一的 2  of sixty 六十的 3  reckoning or reckoned by sixtieths 六十进位的 ●n. (in full 全称 sexagesimal fraction)  a fraction with a denominator equal to a power of 60 as in the divisions of the degree and hour 以 60(或 60 的乘方)为分母的分数(如度和小时以下的划分单位) □ sexagesimally  adv.   [Latin sexagesimus (as SEXAGESIMA)]

sex appeal n.  sexual attractiveness 性感

sexcentenary /sek(s)senˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten-, sek(s)ˈsentin-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a six-hundredth anniversary 600 周年纪念日 2  a celebration of this 600 周年纪念 ●adj.  1  of or relating to a sexcentenary 600 周年纪念日的 2  occurring every six hundred years 600 周年一次的

sex change n.  an apparent change of sex by surgical means and hormone treatment (通过外科手术和性激素治疗的)性别改变；变性

sex chromosome n.  a chromosome concerned in determining the sex of an organism, usu. one of two kinds (in mammals the X and Y chromosomes) 性染色体

sexennial /sekˈseniəl/ adj.  1  lasting six years 持续六年的 2  recurring every six years 六年一次的 [SEXI- + Latin annus ‘year’]

sexfoil /ˈseksfɔil/ n.  a six-lobed ornamental figure 六叶形装饰图案 [SEXI-, on the pattern of CINQUEFOIL, TREFOIL]

sex hormone n.  a hormone affecting sexual development or behaviour (影响性发育或性行为的)性激素

sexi- /ˈseksi/ comb. form (also sex- before a vowel 元音前亦作 sex-)  six [构词成分]六 [Latin sex ‘six’]

sexism /ˈseksiz(ə)m/ n.  prejudice or discrimination, esp. against women, on the grounds of sex (尤指对女性的)性别歧视，性别偏见 □ sexist  adj. & n.  

sexivalent /seksiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. (also 亦作 sexvalent) Chem. 【化】  = HEXAVALENT 

sex kitten n. colloq.  a young woman who asserts her sex appeal [口]性感女郎

sexless /ˈsekslis/ adj.  1 Biol.  neither male nor female 【生】无性别的 2  lacking in sexual desire or attractiveness 无性欲的，性冷淡的；不性感的 □ sexlessly  adv.  □ sexlessness  n.  

sex life n.  a person's activity related to sexual instincts 性生活

sex-linked adj. Genetics  carried on or by a sex chromosome 【遗传学】性染色体传染的

sex maniac n. colloq.  a person needing or seeking excessive gratification of the sexual instincts [口]性欲狂

sex object n.  a person regarded mainly in terms of sexual attractiveness 极性感的人

sex offender n.  a person who commits a sexual crime 性犯罪者

sexology /sekˈsɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of sexual life or relationships, esp. in human beings (尤指研究人类性生活或性关系的)性学 □ sexological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sexologist  n.  

sexpartite /seksˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  divided into six parts 分成六部分的

sexploitation /seksplɔiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. colloq.  the exploitation of sex, esp. commercially [口] (尤指商业性的)色情利用

sexpot /ˈsekspɒt/ n. colloq.  a sexy person (esp. a woman) [口]性感的人(尤指女人)

sex-starved adj.  lacking sexual gratification 性饥渴的

sex symbol n.  a person widely noted for sex appeal (广为人知的)性感的人

sext /sekst/ n. Eccl.  the office of the fourth canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the sixth hour of the day (i.e. noon) 【教会】第四段祈祷时间，第六时(旧说为正午)祈祷仪式 [Middle English from Latin sexta hora ‘sixth hour’, from sextus ‘sixth’]

sextant /ˈsekst(ə)nt/ n.  an instrument with a graduated arc of 60° used in navigation and surveying for measuring the angular distance of objects by means of mirrors (航海用的)六分仪 [Latin sextans -ntis ‘sixth part’ from sextus ‘sixth’]

sextet /seksˈtet/ n. (also 亦作 sextette)  1 Mus.  a composition for six voices or instruments 【音】六重唱；六重奏 2  the performers of such a piece 六重唱(或六重奏)的表演者 3  any group of six 六人一组；六件一套 [alteration of SESTET suggested by Latin sex ‘six’]

sextillion /seksˈtiljən/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or sextillions)  a thousand raised to the seventh (or formerly, esp. Brit., the twelfth) power (1021 and 1036 respectively) 1021([旧指] [尤英] 1036) (cf. 参见 BILLION n. 1, 2)  □ sextillionth  adj. & n.   [French from Latin sex ‘six’, on the pattern of septillion etc.]

sextodecimo /sekstəʊˈdesiməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-sixteenth the size of a printing-sheet 16 开本 2  a book of this size 16 开本的书 [Latin sextus decimus ‘16th’ (as QUARTO)]

sexton /ˈsekst(ə)n/ n.  a person who looks after a church and churchyard, often acting as bell-ringer and gravedigger 教堂司事(负责看管教堂和教堂墓地、敲钟、挖墓穴等) [Middle English segerstane etc., via Anglo-French, Old French segerstein, secrestein from medieval Latin sacristanus SACRISTAN]

sexton beetle n.  any beetle of the genus Nicrophorus, burying carrion to serve as a nidus for its eggs 埋葬虫(埋葬腐肉以作为放卵之巢)

sextuple /ˈsekstjʊp(ə)l, seksˈtju:p(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  sixfold 六重的 2  having six parts 有六部分的 3  being six times as many or much 六倍的 ●n.  a sixfold number or amount 六倍 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by six; increase sixfold 乘以六；使成六倍 □ sextuply  adv.   [medieval Latin sextuplus, formed irregularly from Latin sex ‘six’, on the pattern of Late Latin quintuplus QUINTUPLE]

sextuplet /ˈsekstjʊplit, -ˈtju:plit/ n.  1  each of six children born at one birth 六胞胎之一 2 Mus.  a group of six notes to be played in the time of four 【音】六连音 [SEXTUPLE, on the pattern of triplet etc.]

sexual /ˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to sex, or to the sexes or the relations between them 性的；两性的；性关系的 2 Bot. (of classification) based on the distinction of sexes in plants 【植】(植物分类)根据性别的 3 Biol.  having a sex 【生】有性的；有性别的 □ sexuality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ sexually  adv.   [Late Latin sexualis (as SEX)]

sexual intercourse n.  physical contact between individuals involving sexual stimulation of the genitals, esp. the insertion of a man's erect penis into a woman's vagina, usu. followed by the ejaculation of semen (通常伴有射精的)性交

sexvalent var.  of SEXIVALENT  SEXIVALENT 的变体

sexy /ˈseksi/ adj. (sexier, sexiest)  1  sexually attractive or stimulating 性感的 2  sexually aroused 引起性欲的 3  concerned with sex 性的 4 colloq. (of a project etc.) exciting, appealing, trendy [口] (项目等)令人激动的；吸引人的；时髦的 □ sexily  adv.  □ sexiness  n.  

Seychelles /seiˈʃelz/ n. [the -] 塞舌尔(群岛) [印度洋西部岛国]

Seychellois /seiˈʃelwa:/ adj. & n.  塞舌尔的(人)

sez /sez/ slang  says [俚语]说  sez you  你说 [phonetic representation]

señor /senˈjɔ:/ n. (pl. señores /-riz/)  a title used of or to a Spanish-speaking man 先生(用于称呼说西班牙语的男子) [Spanish from Latin senior: see SENIOR]

señora /senˈjɔ:rə/ n.  a title used of or to a Spanish-speaking married woman 夫人；太太(用于称呼说西班牙语的已婚妇女) [Spanish, fem. of SEÑOR]

señorita /senjəˈri:tə/ n.  a title used of or to a young Spanish-speaking esp. unmarried woman 小姐(用于称呼说西班牙语的年轻妇女，尤其是未婚女子) [Spanish, diminutive of SEÑORA]

SF abbr. [缩略]  science fiction 

sf abbr. [缩略] Mus.  sforzando 

SFA abbr.  Scottish Football Association [缩略]苏格兰足球协会

sforzando /sfɔ:ˈtsændəʊ/ adj., adv. & n. (also 亦作 sforzato /-ˈtsɑ:təʊ/) Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  with sudden emphasis 突强的(地) ●n. (pl. -os or sforzandi /-di/)  1  a note or group of notes especially emphasized 突强音符 2  an increase in emphasis and loudness 强度和响度上的增加 [Italian, verbal noun and past part. of sforzare ‘use force’]

sfumato /sfʊˈmɑ:təʊ, 意 sfuˈmɑ:to/ adj. & n. Art 【艺术】  ●adj.  with indistinct outlines 轮廓模糊不清的 ●n.  the technique of allowing tones and colours to shade gradually into one another (绘画中使明暗浓淡色调相互作用的)渲染层次技巧 [Italian, past part. of sfumare ‘shade off’, from s- = EX-1 + fumare ‘to smoke’]

sfz abbr. [缩略] Mus.  sforzando 

SG abbr. [缩略]  1 US  senior grade [美]高年级 2 Law 【法律】  Solicitor-General  3  specific gravity 

sgd. abbr. [缩略]  signed 

SGML abbr. Computing  Standard Generalized Mark-up Language, a form of generic coding used for producing printed material in electronic form [缩略]【计算】通用标准标记语言(用于将印刷材料制成电子形式的一种普通编码)

sgraffito /sɡræˈfi:təʊ/ n. (pl. sgraffiti /-ti/)  a form of decoration made by scratching through wet plaster on a wall or through slip on ceramic ware, showing a different-coloured undersurface 五彩拉毛粉饰法； [Italian, past part. of sgraffire ‘scratch’, from s- = EX-1 + graffio ‘scratch’]

Sgt. abbr. [缩略]  Sergeant 

sh /ʃ/ int.  calling for silence 嘘(要求安静) [variant of HUSH]

sh. abbr. Brit. hist. [缩略] [英史义]  shilling(s) 

shabby /ˈʃæbi/ adj. (shabbier, shabbiest)  1  in bad repair or condition; faded and worn, dingy, dilapidated 破烂的；破旧的；邋遢的；倾坍的 2  dressed in old or worn clothes 衣衫褴褛的 3  of poor quality 劣质的 4  contemptible, dishonourable 可鄙的；不光彩的  a shabby trick  可鄙的诡计 □ shabbily  adv.  □ shabbiness  n.  □ shabbyish  adj.   [shab ‘scab’, from Old English sceabb from Old Norse, related to SCAB]

shabrack /ˈʃæbræk/ n. hist.  a cavalry saddle-cloth [史义] (骑兵用的)鞍布，鞍褥 [German Schabracke of E. European origin: cf. Russian shabrak]

shack /ʃæk/ n. & v. ●n.  a roughly built hut or cabin 棚屋；小木屋 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 up) slang  cohabit, esp. as lovers [俚语] (尤指作为情人)同居 [perhaps from Mexican jacal, Nahuatl xacatli ‘wooden hut’]

shackle /ˈʃæk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a metal loop or link, closed by a bolt, to connect chains etc. 钩环；钩链 2  a fetter enclosing the ankle or wrist 脚镣，手铐 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a restraint or impediment 桎梏；枷锁 ●v. tr.  fetter, impede, restrain 给…戴上镣铐；束缚；羁绊 [Old English sc(e)acul ‘fetter’, corresponding to Low German shɑ¨kel ‘link, coupling’, Old Norse skökull ‘wagon-pole’, from Germanic]

shackle-bolt n.  1  a bolt for closing a shackle 镣铐螺栓 2  a bolt with a shackle at its end 钩环螺栓

shad /ʃæd/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or shads)  any deep-bodied edible marine fish of the genus Alosa, spawning in fresh water 美洲西鲱(一种海鱼，在淡水中产卵) [Old English sceadd, of unknown origin]

shaddock /ˈʃædək/ n.  1  the largest citrus fruit, with a thick yellow skin and bitter pulp Also called 亦称作 POMELO 柚子(果皮厚呈黄色，果肉酸涩) 2  the tree, Citrus grandis, bearing these 柚树 [named after Capt. Shaddock, who introduced it to the W. Indies in the 17th c.]

shade /ʃeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  comparative darkness (and usu. coolness) caused by shelter from direct light and heat 荫；阴凉 2  a place or area sheltered from the sun 阴凉处 3  a darker part of a picture etc. (图画等的)暗部 4  a colour, esp. with regard to its depth or as distinguished from one nearly like it 色度；(尤指)色彩的深浅浓淡 5  a slight amount 微量，一点  am a shade better today  我今天稍微好一点了 6  a translucent cover for a lamp etc. (灯等)半透明的罩 7  a screen excluding or moderating light 遮光屏 8  an eye-shield 眼睛护罩 9 (in pl. 用复数) orig. US colloq.  sunglasses [源于美口]太阳眼镜 10  a slightly differing variety 细微差别  all shades of opinion  意见的各种细微差别 11 literary [文学用语]  a  a ghost 幽灵b (in pl. 用复数)  Hades 冥府，阴间 12 (in pl. 用复数 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  suggesting reminiscence or unfavourable comparison 联想；暗示  shades of Dr Johnson!  叫人想起了约翰逊博士！ ●v.  1 tr.  screen from light 遮(光)，罩(光)；挡(光) 2 tr.  cover, moderate, or exclude the light of 荫蔽；为…遮光；为…挡光 3 tr.  darken, esp. with parallel pencil lines, to represent shadow etc. 使暗淡(尤指用平行的铅笔线代表阴影等) 4 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, off, into)  pass or change by degrees 渐次改变 □ put in the shade   appear or be very superior to (a person or thing) 使…黯然失色；使…相形见绌□ shadeless  adj.   [Old English sc(e)adu, from Germanic]

shading /ˈʃeidiŋ/ n.  1  the representation of light and shade, e.g. by pencilled lines, on a map or drawing (在地图或绘图上用铅笔线表示阴影的)明暗表示法 2  the graduation of tones from light to dark to create a sense of depth 色彩明暗度的逐层变化

shadoof /ʃəˈdu:f/ n.  a pole with a bucket and counterpoise used esp. in Egypt for raising water (尤指埃及的)汲水吊杆 [Egyptian Arabic šɑˉdūf]

shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  shade or a patch of shade 影；阴影 2  a dark figure projected by a body intercepting rays of light, often regarded as an appendage (投影而成的)影子 3  an inseparable attendant or companion 形影不离的随从(或伙伴) 4  a person secretly following another 盯梢者；秘密尾随的人 5  the slightest trace (极细微的)痕迹，迹象  not the shadow of a doubt  毫无疑问 6  a weak or insubstantial remnant or thing 微量；残余  a shadow of his former self  略微可见他当年的风貌 7 (作 attrib.) Brit.  denoting members of a political party in opposition holding responsibilities parallel to those of the government [英]影子内阁成员  shadow Home Secretary  影子内务大臣 shadow Cabinet  影子内阁 8  the shaded part of a picture (图画的)阴影部 9  a substance used to colour the eyelids 眼影 10  gloom or sadness 忧郁；悲哀 ●v. tr.  1  cast a shadow over 在…上投下阴影 2  secretly follow and watch the movements of 盯梢 3  accompany (a person) at work either as training or to obtain insight into a profession 跟随(某人)工作(以便得到训练或学会专业技能) □ shadower  n.  □ shadowless  adj.   [representing Old English scead(u)we, oblique case of sceadu SHADE]

shadow-boxing n.  boxing against an imaginary opponent as a form of training (作为训练的与假想对手格斗的)假想拳

shadowgraph /ˈʃædəʊɡrɑ:f/ n.  1  an image or photograph made by means of X-rays X ; = RADIOGRAM 2 光照片 2  a picture formed by a shadow cast on a lighted surface (在光幕上的)影像图；投影图 3  an image formed by light refracted differently by different densities of a fluid 折光图像

shadow theatre n.  a display for an audience, in which shadows are watched on a translucent screen, projected from the puppets behind 皮影戏

shadowy /ˈʃædəʊi/ adj.  1  like or having a shadow 影子般的；有影子的 2  full of shadows 全阴影的 3  vague, indistinct 模糊的，不清晰的 □ shadowiness  n.  

shady /ˈʃeidi/ adj. (shadier, shadiest)  1  giving shade 成阴的 2  situated in shade 在阴处的；背阴的 3 (of a person or behaviour) disreputable; of doubtful honesty (人或行为)名声不佳的；靠不住的 □ shadily  adv.  □ shadiness  n.  

shaft /ʃɑ:ft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an arrow or spear 箭；矛b  the long slender stem of these 箭杆；矛杆 2  a remark intended to hurt or provoke (意在伤害或激怒对方的)尖刻话；刻薄话  a shaft of malice  恶语 shafts of wit  风趣话 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  a ray (of light) 一束(光)b  a bolt (of lightning) 一道(闪电) 4  the stem or handle of a tool, implement, etc. (工具、器械等的)柄；杆 5  a column, esp. between the base and capital (尤指柱基和柱顶之间的)柱，柱身 6  a long narrow space, usu. vertical, for access to a mine, a lift in a building, for ventilation, etc. (出入矿井用的)升降井；(建筑物中的)电梯井；通风管道 7  a long and narrow part supporting or connecting or driving a part or parts of greater thickness etc. 轴；连杆 8  each of the pair of poles between which a horse is harnessed to a vehicle (马车的)辕杆 9  the central stem of a feather 羽轴，羽干 10 Mech.  a large axle or revolving bar transferring force by belts or cogs 【机】传动轴；旋转轴 11 slang  a penis [俚语]阴茎 12 N. Amer. colloq.  harsh or unfair treatment [北美口]粗暴(或不公正)的对待 ●v. tr.  1  fit (a weapon, tool, or arrowhead) with a shaft 给(武器、工具或箭头)安上柄(或杆) 2 N. Amer. colloq.  treat unfairly [北美口]不公正地对待 [Old English scœft, sceaft, from Germanic]

shafting /ˈʃɑ:ftiŋ/ n. Mech. 【机】  1  a system of connected shafts for transmitting motion 轴系 2  material from which shafts are cut 轴材

shag1 /ʃæɡ/ n.  1  a  a rough growth or mass of hair etc. 一堆(或撮)粗毛b (作 attrib.) (of a carpet) with a long rough pile (毛毯)长绒的c (作 attrib.) (of a pile) long and rough (绒面)长且粗的 2  a coarse kind of cut tobacco 粗烟丝 3  a cormorant, esp. Phalacrocorax aristotelis of Europe and N. Africa, with greenish-black plumage and a curly crest (产于欧洲和北非的)有冠鸬鹚(全身羽毛呈浓绿色) [Old English sceacga, related to Old Norse skegg ‘beard’, Old English sceaga ‘coppice’]

shag2 /ʃæɡ/ v. & n. Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语] ●v. tr. (shagged, shagging)  1  have sexual intercourse with 与…性交 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 out)  exhaust; tire out 筋疲力尽；累垮 ●n.  an act of sexual intercourse 性交 □ shagger  n. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1; often as a term of abuse 常作侮辱性的词语)   [18th c.: origin unknown]

shaggy /ˈʃæɡi/ adj. (shaggier, shaggiest)  1  hairy, rough-haired 粗毛的；长粗毛的 2  unkempt 邋遢的；蓬乱的 3 (of the hair) coarse and abundant (毛发)粗浓的 4 Biol.  having a hairlike covering 【生】长毛的；全身长毛的 □ shaggy-dog story   a long rambling story amusing only by its being inconsequential 靠无聊逗笑的冗长故事□ shaggily  adv.  □ shagginess  n.  

shagreen /ʃæˈɡri:n/ n.  1  a kind of untanned leather with a rough granulated surface (表面粗糙呈颗粒状的)生皮 2  a sharkskin rough with natural papillae, used for rasping and polishing (用于抛光打磨的)鲨皮 [variant of CHAGRIN in the sense ‘rough skin’]

shah /ʃɑ:/ n. hist.  a title of the former monarch of Iran [史义]沙(伊朗国王的称号) □ shahdom  n.   [Persian šɑˉh from Old Persian kšɑˉytiya ‘king’]

shaikh var.  of SHEIKH  SHEIKH 的变体

shake /ʃeik/ v. & n. ●v. (past shook /ʃʊk/; past part. shaken /ˈʃeik(ə)n/)  1 tr. & intr.  move forcefully or quickly up and down or to and fro (用力)摇动，抖动 2  a intr.  tremble or vibrate markedly 发抖；颤抖b tr.  cause to do this 使发抖；使颤抖 3 tr.  a  agitate or shock 使震动；使震惊b colloq.  upset the composure of [口]扰乱；使心烦意乱 4 tr.  weaken or impair; make less convincing or firm or courageous 削弱；动摇(信心或勇气)  shook his confidence  动摇他的信心 5 intr. (of a voice, note, etc.) make tremulous or rapidly alternating sounds; trill (声音、音符等)发颤  his voice shook with emotion  他的声音因动情而发颤 6 tr.  brandish; make a threatening gesture with (one's fist, a stick, etc.) 挥舞；(用拳头、棍棒等)作出威胁姿态 7 intr. colloq.  shake hands [口]握手  they shook on the deal  他们握手成交 8 tr. esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  = shake off  ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shaking; the process of being shaken 摇动；摇晃；抖动；颤抖 2  a jerk or shock 颠簸；震动 3 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  a fit of or tendency to trembling or shivering 一阵颤抖，一阵战栗 4 Mus.  a trill 【音】颤音 5  = MILK SHAKE  □ in two shakes (of a lamb's or dog's tail)   very quickly 飞快地□ no great shakes  colloq.  not very good or significant [口]一般；普普通通□ shake a person by the hand   = shake hands □ shake down   1  settle or cause to fall by shaking 抖落；摇落 2  settle down 安顿；定居 3  become established; get into harmony with circumstances, surroundings, etc. 立住脚跟；适应了新环境 4 N. Amer. slang  extort money from [北美] [俚语]敲诈(钱财)□ shake the dust off one's feet   depart indignantly or disdainfully 愤怒(或轻蔑)地离开□ shake hands  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  clasp right hands at meeting or parting, in reconciliation or congratulation, or over a concluded bargain 握手□ shake one's head   turn one's head from side to side in refusal, denial, disapproval, or concern 摇头(表示拒绝、否认、反对或忧虑)□ shake in one's shoes   tremble with apprehension (因恐惧而)发抖□ shake a leg  colloq. [口]  1  begin dancing 开始跳舞 2  make a start 开始□ shake off   1  get rid of (something unwanted) 抛弃，扔掉(不想要的东西) 2  manage to evade (a person who is following or pestering one) 摆脱(盯梢或纠缠不休的人)□ shake out   1  empty by shaking 抖掉；抖干净 2  spread or open (a sail, flag, etc.) by shaking 抖开(船帆、旗子等) 3  shed (personnel) as a result of reorganization (通过重组)裁减(冗员)□ shake up   1  mix (ingredients) by shaking 摇匀(配料) 2  restore to shape by shaking 抖动某物以恢复原状 3  disturb or make uncomfortable 打扰；使烦乱 4  rouse from lethargy, apathy, conventionality, etc. 使振作；激励□ shakeable  adj. (also 亦作 shakable)   [Old English sc(e)acan, from Germanic]

shakedown /ˈʃeikdaʊn/ n.  1  a makeshift bed 临时床铺 2  a period or process of adjustment or change 调整时期(或过程)；变化时期(或过程) 3 esp. US slang  a swindle; a piece of extortion [尤美] [俚语]诈骗；敲诈 4 (作 attrib.) colloq.  denoting a voyage, flight, etc., to test a new ship, aircraft, etc., and its crew [口] (对新船、新飞机等以及机组人员的)试航

shaken past part.  of SHAKE  

shake-out n.  an upheaval or reorganization, esp. in a business and involving streamlining, closures, redundancies, etc. 大规模改组；重组(尤指企业的优化、关闭、裁员等)

shaker /ˈʃeikə/ n.  1  a person or thing that shakes 摇动者；摇动器 2  a container for shaking together the ingredients of cocktails etc. (鸡尾酒等的)混合器；摇匀器 3 (作 Shaker)  a member of an American religious sect living simply, in celibate mixed communities 震颤派教徒(美国的一个教派，在混有独身者的社区中过着简朴的生活) □ Shakeress  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  □ Shakerism  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Middle English, from SHAKE: sense 3 from religious dances]

Shakespearean /ʃeikˈspiəriən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Shakespearian) ●adj.  1  of or relating to William Shakespeare, English dramatist d. 1616 莎士比亚的(英国剧作家，卒于 1616 年) 2  in the style of Shakespeare 莎士比亚风格的 ●n.  a student of Shakespeare's works etc. 莎士比亚作品的学者，莎学家

shake-up n.  an upheaval or drastic reorganization 大规模改组；重组

shako /ˈʃeikəʊ, ˈʃækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a cylindrical peaked military hat with a plume (带羽饰的)圆筒军帽 [French schako via Hungarian csɑˊkó (süveg) ‘peaked (cap)’, from csɑˊk ‘peak’, from German Zacken ‘spike’]

shakuhachi /ʃækʊˈhætʃi/ n. (pl. shakuhachis)  a Japanese bamboo flute 日本竹笛 [Japanese, from shaku, a measure of length + hachi ‘eight’ (tenths)]

shaky /ˈʃeiki/ adj. (shakier, shakiest)  1  unsteady; apt to shake; trembling 不稳定的；摇动的；颤动的 2  unsound, infirm 病弱的；虚弱的  a shaky hand  颤抖的手 3  unreliable, wavering 不可靠的；动摇的  a shaky promise  不可靠的许诺 got off to a shaky start  犹豫不定地出发了 □ shakily  adv.  □ shakiness  n.  

shale /ʃeil/ n.  soft finely stratified rock that splits easily, consisting of consolidated mud or clay 页岩(容易破裂的层岩，含有固化泥或土) □ shaly  adj.   [probably via German Schale from Old English sc(e)alu, related to Old Norse skɑˊl (see SCALE2)]

shale oil n.  oil obtained from bituminous shale 页岩油

shall /ʃæl, ʃ(ə)l/ v. aux. (3rd sing. present shall; archaic [古义] 2nd sing. present shalt /ʃælt/; past should /ʃʊd, ʃəd/) (foll. by 后跟 infin. without to, or absol. [含宾]; present and past only in use 仅使用现在时和过去时)  1 (in the 1st person) expressing the future tense  I shall return soon  我很快就回来 or (with shall stressed) emphatic intention  I shall have a party  我一定要开个聚会 (用于第一人称)表示将来时；或(用重音强调 shall 时)表示强调的意愿 2 (in the 2nd and 3rd persons) expressing a strong assertion or command rather than a wish (cf. 参见 WILL1) (用于第二和第三人称)表示坚决的主张或命令(而不是愿望)  you shall not catch me again  你不应再抓我 they shall go to the party  他们必须去参加聚会 3  expressing a command or duty 表示命令或责任  thou shalt not steal  你不可以偷窃 they shall obey  他们必须服从 4 (in 2nd-person questions) expressing an enquiry, esp. to avoid the form of a request (cf. 参见 WILL1) (用于第二人称的问句中)表示征询看法(尤为避免使用提问形式)  shall you go to France?  你要去法国吗？ □ shall I?   do you want me to? 我做…可以吗？ [Old English sceal, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 There is considerable confusion about when to use shall and will. The traditional rule in standard British English is that shall is used for the first person singular and plural (I and we) to form the future tense, while will is used for the second and third persons (you, he, she, it, they), e.g. I shall be late; She will not be there. In informal usage, I will and we will are quite often used for the future tense, e.g. We will try to help, but this is unacceptable to some people. Conversely, shall is also used with you in polite questions (see sense 4 above), and this is quite acceptable. When expressing a strong assertion or command the traditional rule is that will is used with the first person singular and plural, and shall for the second and third persons, e.g. I will not tolerate this; You shall go to school; Competitors shall arrive by 8 a.m. In practice, however, shall is often used for the first person singular and plural in emphatic contexts (e.g. I shall have a new car), and will for the second and third persons (e.g. You will go to bed early) These usages are now fully acceptable. 什么时候用 shall 和 will 是个颇令人困惑的问题。标准英国英语的传统规则是， shall 用于第一人称单数和复数 (I 和 we) 构成将来时；而 will 则用于第二和第三人称 (you ， he ， she ， it ， they) 构成将来时，例如 I shall be late (我将迟到)； She will not be there (她将不会在那里)。在非正式的用法中， I will 和 we will 也常用于表示将来时，例如 We will try to help (我们将争取给予帮助)。但是，在有些人看来，这种用法是不可接受的。与之相反，在客气的提问中(见上面的释义 4) ， shall 也用于第二人称，而这却是普遍认可的。表达坚决的主张或命令时，传统的规则是，第一人称单数和复数都用 will ，第二和第三人称用 shall ，例如 I will not tolerate this (我绝不能容忍这件事)； You shall go to school (你必须去上学)； Competitors shall arrive at 8 a.m. (参赛人员必须上午 8 点到达)。但是，实际上，在表达强调的语境中， shall 也常用于第一人称单数和复数，如 I shall have a new car (我一定要拥有一辆新汽车)； will 也常用于第二和第三人称，如 You will go to bed early (你必须早睡觉)。现在这些用法都已完全接受了。 

shallot /ʃəˈlɒt/ n.  an onion-like plant, Allium ascalonicum, with a cluster of small bulbs 青葱；亚实基隆葱 [eschalot from French eschalotte, alteration of Old French eschaloigne: see SCALLION]

shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of little depth 浅的 2  superficial, trivial 肤浅的；无关紧要的  a shallow mind  肤浅的头脑 ●n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a shallow place 浅水处；浅滩 ●v. intr. & tr.  become or make shallow 变浅；使变浅 □ shallowly  adv.  □ shallowness  n.   [Middle English, probably related to schald, Old English sceald SHOAL2]

shalom /ʃəˈlɒm/ n. & int.  a Jewish salutation at meeting or parting 喂；再见(犹太人相见或分别时的问候语) [Hebrew šɑˉlôm ‘peace’]

shalt archaic [古义] 2nd person sing.  of SHALL 

sham /ʃæm/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (shammed, shamming)  1 intr.  feign, pretend 假装；佯作 2 tr.  a  pretend to be 冒充；假冒b  simulate 假装；佯作  is shamming sleep  假装正在睡觉 ●n.  1  imposture, pretence 欺骗；假装 2  a person or thing pretending or pretended to be what he or she or it is not 假冒者；假冒物，赝品 ●adj.  pretended, counterfeit 假装的；假冒的 □ shammer  n.   [perhaps northern dialect variant of SHAME]

shaman /ˈʃæmən, ˈʃeim-/ n.  a person regarded as having access to the world of good and evil spirits, esp. among some peoples of northern Asia and North America (尤指北亚和北美等地的)萨满教巫师 □ shamanic  /ʃəˈmænik/ adj.  □ shamanism  n.  □ shamanist  n. & adj.  □ shamanistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.   [German Schamane & Russian shaman from Tungus samɑˊn]

shamateur /ˈʃæmətə, -tjʊə/ n. Brit. derog.  a sports player who makes money from sporting activities though classed as an amateur [英贬]领取职业选手的报酬而实际只有业余水平的选手 □ shamateurism  n.   [SHAM + AMATEUR]

shamble /ˈʃæmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  walk or run with a shuffling or awkward gait 蹒跚而行(或跑)；踉跄而行(或跑) ●n.  a shambling gait 踉跄的走(或跑) [probably from dialect shamble ‘ungainly’, perhaps from shamble legs with reference to straddling trestles: see SHAMBLES]

shambles /ˈʃæmb(ə)lz/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1 colloq.  a mess or muddle [口]混乱；杂乱  the room was a shambles  房间里乱七八糟 2  a butcher's slaughterhouse 屠宰场 3  a scene of carnage 大屠杀场面 [pl. of shamble ‘stool, stall’ from Old English sc(e)amul via West Germanic from Latin scamellum, diminutive of scamnum ‘bench’]

shambolic /ʃæmˈbɒlik/ adj. Brit. colloq.  chaotic, unorganized [英口]混乱的，无秩序的，无组织的 [SHAMBLES, probably influened by SYMBOLIC]

shame /ʃeim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a feeling of distress or humiliation caused by consciousness of the guilt or folly of oneself or an associate 羞耻感；耻辱感；羞愧 2  a capacity for experiencing this feeling, esp. as imposing a restraint on behaviour 羞耻心(尤指因此对自我行为进行约束)  has no sense of shame  不知廉耻 3  a state of disgrace, discredit, or intense regret 蒙羞；蒙耻 4  a  a person or thing that brings disgrace etc. 令人羞辱的人(或事)b  a thing or action that is wrong or regrettable 错误；憾事 ●v. tr.  1  bring shame on; make ashamed; put to shame 给…带来耻辱；使…感到羞耻 2 (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  force by shame 受耻辱心所驱使而…  was shamed into confessing  因感到耻辱而坦白 □ for shame!   a reproof to a person for not showing shame 真丢脸；好不要脸□ put to shame   disgrace or humiliate by revealing superior qualities etc. 使…感到羞耻□ shame on you!   you should be ashamed 你应该感到羞耻(羞愧)！□ what a shame!   how unfortunate! 真不走运！多倒霉啊！  [Old English sc(e)amu]

shamefaced /ʃeimˈfeist, ˈʃeim-/ adj.  1  showing shame 面带愧色的 2  bashful, diffident 害羞的；羞怯的 □ shamefacedly  /also 亦作 -sidli/ adv.  □ shamefacedness  n.   [16th-c. alteration of shamefast, by assimilation to FACE]

shameful /ˈʃeimfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  that causes or is worthy of shame 可耻的；丢脸的 2  disgraceful, scandalous 不体面的；不道德的；下流的；猥亵的 □ shamefully  adv.  □ shamefulness  n.   [Old English sc(e)amful (as SHAME, -FUL)]

shameless /ˈʃeimlis/ adj.  1  having or showing no sense of shame 不知羞耻的；无羞耻心的 2  impudent 厚颜无耻的；放肆的 □ shamelessly  adv.  □ shamelessness  n.   [Old English sc(e)amlēas (as SHAME, -LESS)]

shammy /ˈʃæmi/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 shammy leather) colloq. [口]  = CHAMOIS 2  [representing corrupted pronunciation]

shampoo /ʃæmˈpu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  liquid or cream used to lather and wash the hair 洗发液 2  a similar substance for washing a car or carpet etc. (洗车或地毯等的)洗涤液 3  an act or instance of washing with shampoo 用洗发液(或洗涤液)清洗 ●v. tr. (shampoos, shampooed)  wash with shampoo 用洗发液(或洗涤液)清洗 [Hindustani chhɑˉmpo, imperative of chhɑˉmpnɑˉ ‘to press’]

shamrock /ˈʃæmrɒk/ n.  any of various plants with trifoliate leaves, esp. Trifolium minus, T. repens, or Medicago lupulina, used as the national emblem of Ireland 三叶草；白花酢浆草(爱尔兰的国花) [Irish seamróg ‘trefoil’ (diminutive of seamar ‘clover’) + og ‘young’]

shamus /ˈʃeiməs/ n. US slang  a detective [美] [俚语]侦探 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

shandy /ˈʃændi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a drink of beer mixed with lemonade or ginger beer 搀柠檬汁(或姜啤)的啤酒 [19th c.: origin unknown]

shanghai /ʃæŋˈhai/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (shanghais, shanghaied, shanghaiing)  1  force (a person) to be a sailor on a ship by using drugs or other trickery (用麻醉剂或卑鄙手段)迫使(某人)当水手 2 colloq.  put into detention or an awkward situation by trickery [口] (用欺诈手段)强行拘留，诱拐 3 Austral. & NZ  shoot with a catapult [澳新]用弩射 ●n. (pl. shanghais) Austral. & NZ  a catapult [澳新]弩 [Shanghai, a major seaport in China]

Shangri-La /ʃæŋɡriˈlɑ:/ n.  an imaginary paradise on earth 香格里拉(想像中的人间乐园) [the name of a hidden Tibetan valley in J. Hilton's Lost Horizon (1933)]

shank /ʃæŋk/ n.  1  a  the leg 腿b  the lower part of the leg; the leg from knee to ankle 小腿c  the shin bone 胫骨 2  a  the lower part of an animal's foreleg (动物前腿的)小腿b archaic  part of an animal's hind leg as a cut of meat [古义] (动物后腿的)腿肉c US [美]  = SHINn. 2  3  a shaft or stem 杆；柄 4  a  the long narrow part of a tool etc. joining the handle to the working end (工具等的)长柄b  the stem of a key, spoon, anchor, etc. (钥匙、汤匙、锚等的)柄，杆c  the straight part of a nail or fish-hook 钉杆；鱼钩身 5  the narrow middle of the sole of a shoe 鞋底的胫部 □ shanked  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English sceanca, from West Germanic]

shanks's pony n. (also 亦作 shanks's mare)  one's own legs as a means of conveyance (指步行时的)双腿

shanny /ˈʃæni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a long-bodied olive-green European marine fish, Blennius pholis 线鳚(一种欧洲海鱼，体长，呈橄榄绿色) [19th c.: origin unknown: cf. 18th-c. shan]

shan't /ʃɑ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  shall not 

shantung /ʃænˈtʌŋ/ n.  soft undressed Chinese silk, usu. undyed (通常未染色的)山东绸 [Shantung, Chinese province, where it was originally made]

shanty1 /ˈʃænti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hut or cabin 茅屋；小屋 2  a crudely built shack 简陋的棚屋 [19th c., originally North American: perhaps from Canadian French chantier ‘lumberjack's cabin, logging camp’]

shanty2 /ˈʃænti/ n. (also 亦作 chanty) (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 sea shanty)  a song with alternating solo and chorus, of a kind originally sung by sailors while hauling ropes etc. 船歌(独唱和合唱交替进行的一种歌曲，最初为水手们拉纤等时演唱) [probably French chantez, imperative pl. of chanter ‘sing’: see CHANT]

shanty town n.  a poor or depressed area of a town, consisting of shanties (城市里的)棚户区；贫民区

SHAPE /ʃeip/ abbr.  Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe [缩略]欧洲盟军最高司令部

shape /ʃeip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the total effect produced by the outlines of a thing 形状；样子 2  the external form or appearance of a person or thing 外形；外貌 3  a specific form or guise (某种)形状，外形 4  a description or sort or way 种类  not on offer in any shape or form  不以任何形式削价出售 5  a definite or proper arrangement 确定的安排，适当的安排  must get our ideas into shape  必须理清我们的思路 6  a  condition, as qualified in some way 状况，条件  in good shape  状况良好 in poor shape  状况恶劣b (when unqualified) good condition 良好的条件；良好的状态  back in shape  回复到良好状态 7  a person or thing as seen, esp. indistinctly or in the imagination (尤指)模糊的影像  a shape emerged from the mist  薄雾中出现了一个身影 8  a mould or pattern 模子；模型 9 Brit.  a jelly etc. shaped in a mould [英]成形的果冻 10  a piece of material, paper, etc., made or cut in a particular form 成一定形状的材料(或纸张等) ●v.  1 tr.  give a certain shape or form to; fashion, create 使成形；制作；塑造 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  adapt or make conform (使)适应；(使)符合 3 intr.  give signs of a future shape or development 显示未来的形状；显示发展前景 4 tr.  frame mentally; imagine 设想；想像 5 intr.  assume or develop into a shape 成形 6 tr.  direct (one's life, course, etc.) 引导，指导(人生、进程等) □ lick (or knock) into shape   make presentable or efficient 使成形；使像样；使有效□ shape up   1  take a (specified) form 成形 2  show promise; make good progress 显示发展前途；取得良好的进步□ shape up well   be promising 有前途□ shapable  adj. (also 亦作 shapeable)  □ shaped  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ shaper  n.   [Old English gesceap ‘creation’, from Germanic]

shapeless /ˈʃeiplis/ adj.  lacking definite or attractive shape 无定形的；形状难看的 □ shapelessly  adv.  □ shapelessness  n.  

shapely /ˈʃeipli/ adj. (shapelier, shapeliest)  1  well formed or proportioned 形状优美的；形状匀称的 2  of elegant or pleasing shape or appearance (形状或外貌)优雅的；好看的 □ shapeliness  n.  

shard /ʃɑ:d/ n.  1  a broken piece of pottery or glass etc. (陶器或玻璃等的)碎片 2  = POTSHERD  3  a fragment of volcanic rock 火山岩碎块 4  the wing-case of a beetle (甲虫的)鞘翅 [Old English sceard: sense 3 from shard-borne (Shakespeare) = born in a shard (dialect, = cow-dung), wrongly taken as ‘borne on shards’]

share1 /ʃɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a portion that a person receives from or gives to a common amount (每人分得或交出的)一份 2  a  a part contributed by an individual to an enterprise or commitment (个人在一项事业或承诺中的)参与，贡献b  a part received by an individual from this (个人由于参与某事所得的)分成  got a large share of the credit  得到很大一份荣誉 3  part-proprietorship of property held by joint owners, esp. any of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided entitling its owner to a proportion of the profits 股份；股票 ●v.  1 tr.  get or have or give a share of 分享；分担 2 tr.  use or benefit from jointly with others 共用；共享 3 tr.  have in common 共有  I share your opinion  我与你见解相同 4 intr.  have a share; be a sharer 承担；分担  shall I share with you?  让我与你一起承担好吗？ 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  participate 参与；参加 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Brit. [英]  a  divide and distribute 平分；分发b  give away part of 给出…的一部分 □ share and share alike   make an equal division 平分□ shareable  adj. (also 亦作 sharable)  □ sharer  n.   [Old English scearu ‘division’ from Germanic: related to SHEAR]

share2 /ʃɛə/ n.  = PLOUGHSHARE  [Old English scear, scœr, from Germanic]

sharecropper /ˈʃɛəkrɒpə/ n. esp. US  a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent [尤美] (把收成的一部分交租的)佃农 □ sharecrop  v. tr. & intr. (-cropped, -cropping)  

share-farmer n. Austral. & NZ  a tenant farmer who receives a share of the profits from the owner [澳新] (从地主处领取收益分成的)佃农

shareholder /ˈʃɛəhəʊldə/ n.  an owner of shares in a company 股票持有人；股东 □ shareholding  n.  

share-out n.  an act of sharing out; a distribution 分发；分配

shareware /ˈʃɛəwɛə/ n. Computing  software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee is requested for continued use 【计算】共享软件(可免费试用，往往非正式地分发给使用者以供评估，如要继续使用则需收费)

sharia /ʃəˈri:ə/ n.  the Muslim code of religious law 穆斯林教法典 [Arabic šarīˈa]

sharif /ʃəˈri:f/ n. (also 亦作 shereef, sherif)  1  a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, entitled to wear a green turban or veil 穆罕默德的女儿法蒂玛的后代(戴着绿头巾或面纱) 2  a Muslim leader 穆斯林领导人 [Arabic šarīf ‘noble’ from šarafa ‘be exalted’]

shark1 /ʃɑ:k/ n.  any of various large usu. voracious marine fish with a long body, cartilaginous skeleton, and prominent dorsal fin 鲨鱼 [Middle English: origin unknown]

shark2 /ʃɑ:k/ n. colloq.  a person who unscrupulously exploits or swindles others [口]勒索者；诈骗者 [16th c.: originally perhaps from German Schurke ‘worthless rogue’: influenced by SHARK1]

sharkskin /ˈʃɑ:kskin/ n.  1  the rough scaly skin of a shark 鲨鱼皮 2  a smooth slightly lustrous fabric 斜纹呢

Sharon /ˈʃærən/   沙伦 [人名]

sharon fruit /ˈʃɛər(ə)n, ˈʃær(ə)n/ n.  a persimmon, esp. of an orange variety grown in Israel (产于以色列的)莎伦柿子 [Sharon, a plain in Israel]

sharp /ʃɑ:p/ adj., n., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  having an edge or point able to cut or pierce (刃或尖)锋利的；锐利的 2  tapering to a point or edge 有刃的；有尖的 3  abrupt, steep, angular 突然的；陡直的；急转的  a sharp fall  急落 a sharp turn  急转弯 4  well defined, clean-cut 轮廓清晰的；线条分明的 5  a  severe or intense 严厉的；强烈的  has a sharp temper  脾气火爆b (of food or its flavour) pungent, acid (食物或味道)辛辣的；酸的c  keen 强烈的  a sharp appetite  好胃口d (of a frost) severe, hard (霜)极冷的；刺骨的 6 (of a voice or sound) shrill and piercing (声音或响声)尖利的，刺耳的 7 (of sand etc.) composed of angular grains (沙等)由颗粒组成的 8 (of words, temper, a person, etc.) harsh or acrimonious (言语、脾气、人等)尖刻的，刻薄的  had a sharp tongue  说话尖刻 9 (of a person) acute; quick to perceive or comprehend (人)机智的；敏锐的 10 derog.  quick to take advantage; artful, unscrupulous, dishonest [贬]精明的；圆滑的；不讲道德的；不诚实的 11  vigorous or brisk 敏捷的；轻快的 12 Mus. 【音】  a  above the normal pitch 高调的b (of a key) having a sharp or sharps in the signature (键)有升音记号的c (as 作 C sharp, F sharp, etc.)  a semitone higher than C, F, etc. 升半音的 13 colloq.  stylish or flashy with regard to dress [口] (穿着)时髦的；俗艳的 ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  a note raised a semitone above natural pitch 升半音的音符b  the sign (#) indicating this 升半音的符号 # 2 colloq.  a swindler or cheat [口]骗子 3  a fine sewing-needle 锐利的缝衣针 ●adv.  1  punctually 整点地  at nine o'clock sharp  在九点整 2  suddenly, abruptly, promptly 突然地；急速地  pulled up sharp  急速停车 3  at a sharp angle 尖锐地；急剧地 4 Mus.  above the true pitch 【音】偏高地  sings sharp  唱得偏高 ●v.  1 intr. archaic  cheat or swindle at cards etc. [古义] (打牌等)作弊 2 tr. US Mus.  make sharp [美]【音】升高半音 □ sharply  adv.  □ sharpness  n.   [Old English sc(e)arp, from Germanic]

sharpen /ˈʃɑ:p(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become sharp 使锋利；使尖锐；磨快；磨尖 □ sharpener  n.  

sharp end n.  1 Brit. joc.  the bow of a ship [英诙]船头 2 colloq.  the scene of direct action or decision [口]行动地点；决策地点

sharper /ˈʃɑ:pə/ n.  a swindler, esp. at cards (尤指打牌)作弊者

sharp-featured adj. (of a person) having well-defined facial features (人)面部轮廓分明的

sharpish /ˈʃɑ:piʃ/ adj. & adv. colloq. [口] ●adj.  fairly sharp 有点尖锐的 ●adv.  1  fairly sharply 有点尖锐地 2  quite quickly 非常迅速地

sharp practice n.  dishonest or barely honest dealings 卑鄙的交易；欺诈性的交易

sharp-set adj.  1  set with a sharp edge 锋利的；锐利的 2  hungry 饥饿的

sharpshooter /ˈʃɑ:pʃu:tə/ n.  a skilled marksman 神枪手 □ sharpshooting  n. & adj.  

sharp-tongued adj.  harsh or cutting in speech; abrasive 说话尖刻的；伶牙利齿的

sharp-witted adj.  keenly perceptive or intelligent 敏锐的，机智的，聪敏的 □ sharp-wittedly  adv.  □ sharp-wittedness  n.  

shashlik /ˈʃæʃlik/ n. (in Asia and E. Europe) a kebab of mutton and garnishings (亚洲和东欧的)烤羊肉串 [Russian shashlyk, ultimately from Turkish šiš ‘spit, skewer’: cf. SHISH KEBAB]

Shasta daisy /ˈʃæstə/ n.  a European plant, Leucanthemum maximum, with large daisy-like flowers 大滨菊(产于欧洲，开大花) [Mount Shasta in California]

Shastra /ˈʃɑ:strə/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  any of the sacred writings of the Hindus 印度教圣典 [Sanskrit šɑˉstra]

shat past and past part.  of SHIT 

shatter /ˈʃætə/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  break suddenly in pieces 砸碎；使破碎 2 tr.  severely damage or utterly destroy 严重损坏；彻底破坏  shattered hopes  使所有的希望彻底破灭 3 tr.  greatly upset or discompose 使心烦意乱 4 tr. (usu. as 通常作 shattered adj.) colloq.  exhaust [口]使极度疲劳；使心力交瘁 □ shatterer  n.  □ shattering  adj.  □ shatteringly  adv.  □ shatter-proof  adj.   [Middle English, related to SCATTER]

shave /ʃeiv/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past part. shaved or (as 作 adj.) shaven)  1  remove (bristles or hair) from the face etc. with a razor (用刮脸刀)刮(胡须或毛发) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  remove bristles or hair with a razor from the face etc. of (a person) or from (a part of the body) 刮胡须；刮体毛 3  a  reduce by a small amount (略微)削减，减少b  take (a small amount) away from 减去(少许) 4  cut thin slices from the surface of (wood etc.) to shape it (把木头等的表面)刨成形 5  pass close to without touching; miss narrowly 轻掠，擦过 ●n.  1  an act of shaving or the process of being shaved 刮脸；刮胡须(或体毛) 2  a close approach without contact 轻掠；擦过 3  a narrow miss or escape ; = CLOSE SHAVE 侥幸脱险；死里逃生 4  a tool for shaving wood etc. 刨刀；刮刀；剃刀 [Old English sc(e)afan (sense 4 of noun from Old English sceafa), from Germanic]

shaveling /ˈʃeivliŋ/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a shaven person 已修过面的人 2  a monk, friar, or priest 和尚；修道士；牧师

shaven  see 见 SHAVE 

shaver /ˈʃeivə/ n.  1  a person or thing that shaves 刮脸师；理发师；刨削器 2  an electric razor 电动剃须刀 3 colloq.  a young lad [口]小伙子

Shavian /ˈʃeiviən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or in the manner of G. B. Shaw, Irish-born dramatist d. 1950, or his ideas 萧伯纳的；萧伯纳式的；萧伯纳的观点的(英国剧作家，卒于 1950 年) ●n.  an admirer of Shaw 萧伯纳的崇拜者 [Shavius, Latinized form of Shaw]

shaving /ˈʃeiviŋ/ n.  1  a thin strip cut off the surface of wood etc. (从木头等的表面上刨下来的)刨花 2 (作 attrib.)  used in shaving the face 用于刮脸的  shaving-cream  剃须膏

Shavuoth /ʃəˈvu:əs, ʃɑ:vʊˈɒt/ n. (also 亦作 Shavuot)  the Jewish Pentecost (犹太人的)五旬节 [Hebrew šɑˉbûˈôt, = weeks, with reference to the weeks between Passover and Pentecost]

shaw /ʃɔ:/ n. esp. Brit.  the stalks and leaves of potatoes, turnips, etc. [尤英] (马铃薯、萝卜等的)茎，叶 [perhaps = SHOW n.]

shawl /ʃɔ:l/ n.  a piece of fabric, usu. rectangular and often folded into a triangle, worn over the shoulders or head or wrapped round a baby 披巾；披肩；(用来包裹婴儿的)包巾 □ shawled  adj.   [Urdu from Persian šɑˉl, probably from Shɑˉliɑˉt, a town in India]

shawl collar n.  a rolled collar extended down the front of a garment without lapel notches 披巾式衣领

shawm /ʃɔ:m/ n. Mus.  a medieval double-reed wind instrument with a sharp penetrating tone 【音】肖姆管(中古时期的一种双簧管乐器，音质尖利) [Middle English from Old French chalemie, chalemel, chalemeaus (pl.), ultimately via Latin calamus from Greek kalamos ‘reed’]

shchi /ʃtʃi:/ n.  a Russian cabbage soup 俄罗斯白菜汤 [Russian]

s/he pron.  a written representation of ‘he or she’ used to indicate both sexes (书写形式)他 / 她

she /ʃi:/ pron. & n. ●pron. (obj. her; poss. her; pl. they)  1  the woman or girl or female animal previously named or in question 她 2  a thing regarded as female, e.g. a vehicle or ship 被视为女性的事物，阴性事物(如车辆或轮船) 3 Austral. & NZ colloq.  it; the state of affairs [澳新口]它；情况  she'll be right  情况会好转的 ●n.  1  a female; a woman 女性；女人 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  female 雌性的  she-goat  母山羊 [Middle English scœ, sche, etc., probably a phonetic develop ment of Old English fem. personal pronoun heō, accu sative hīe]

shea /ʃi:, ˈʃi:ə/ n.  a W. African tree, Vitellaria paradoxa, bearing nuts containing a large amount of fat 酪脂树(产于西非，其果子含有大量的油脂) [from a West African name]

shea-butter n.  a butter made from the fat of the shea nut (用酪脂树果实制成的)树脂黄油

sheading /ˈʃi:diŋ/ n.  each of the six administrative divisions of the Isle of Man 马恩岛的 6 个行政区之一 [SHED1 + -ING1]

sheaf /ʃi:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. sheaves /ʃi:vz/)  a group of things held lengthways together, esp. a bundle of cornstalks tied after reaping, or a collection of papers (尤指玉米秸杆或纸张的)一捆；一束；一札 ●v. tr.  make into sheaves 捆；束，扎 [Old English scēaf from Germanic (as SHOVE)]

shealing var.  of SHIELING  SHIELING 的变体

shear /ʃiə/ v. & n. ●v. (past sheared, archaic [古义] shore /ʃɔ:/; past part. shorn /ʃɔ:n/ or sheared)  1 tr.  clip the wool off (a sheep etc.) 剪(羊毛等) 2 tr.  remove or take off by cutting 切去；切下 3 tr.  cut with scissors or shears etc. (用剪刀等)剪 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  strip bare 剥去，剥光b  deprive 剥夺 5 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  distort or be distorted, or break, from a structural strain (由于结构压力而导致)切变 ●n.  1 Mech. & Geol.  a strain produced by pressure in the structure of a substance, when its layers are laterally shifted in relation to each other 【机】【地质】切变；剪力，切力 2 (in pl. 用复数) (also 亦作 pair of shears sing.)  a large clipping or cutting instrument shaped like scissors for use in gardens etc. (花园里剪枝用的)大剪刀 □ shearer  n.   [Old English sceran, from Germanic]

shearling /ˈʃiəliŋ/ n.  1  a sheep that has been shorn once 剪过一次毛的绵羊 2  wool from a shearling 剪下的羊毛

shearwater /ˈʃiəwɔ:tə/ n.  1  any long-winged seabird of the family Procellariidae, related to petrels, often flying low over the surface of the water 剪嘴鸥(一种长翅海鸟，经常在海面上低飞) 2  = SKIMMER 4. 

sheath /ʃi:θ/ n. (pl. sheaths /ʃi:ðz, ʃi:θs/)  1  a close-fitting cover, esp. for the blade of a knife or sword (尤指刀或剑的)鞘 2  a condom 安全套 3 Bot., Anat. & Zool.  an enclosing case or tissue 【植】【解】【动】鞘 4  the protective covering round an electric cable (电缆的)护皮，外皮 5  a woman's close-fitting dress 紧身连衣裙 □ sheathless  adj.   [Old English scœˉth, scēath]

sheathe /ʃi:ð/ v. tr.  1  put into a sheath 装入鞘中 2  encase; protect with a sheath 包；裹 [Middle English, from SHEATH]

sheathing /ˈʃi:ðiŋ/ n.  a protective casing or covering (保护性的)包鞘；护皮；覆套

sheath knife n.  a dagger-like knife carried in a sheath 鞘刀

sheave1 /ʃi:v/ v. tr.  make into sheaves 把…扎成捆

sheave2 /ʃi:v/ n.  a grooved wheel in a pulley-block etc., for a rope to run on 滑轮；滑车 [Middle English, ultimately from Germanic]

sheaves pl.  of SHEAF  

shebang /ʃiˈbæŋ/ n. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1  a matter or affair (esp. 尤用于 the whole shebang 全部事务) 事情；事务 2  a shed or hut 小屋；棚屋 [19th c.: origin unknown]

shebeen /ʃiˈbi:n/ n. (esp. in Ireland, Scotland, and S. Africa) an unlicensed house selling alcoholic liquor (尤指爱尔兰、苏格兰与南非的)无执照的酒店 [Anglo-Irish síbín from séibe ‘mugful’]

she'd /ʃi:d, ʃid/ contr. [缩合]  1  she had  2  she would 

shed1 /ʃed/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a one-storeyed structure usu. of wood for storage or shelter for animals etc., or as a workshop 货棚；牲口棚；工棚 2  a large roofed structure often with one side or more sides open, for storing or maintaining machinery, vehicles, etc. (存放或维修机器、车辆等的)大棚  bicycle shed  自行车车棚 3 Austral. & NZ  an open-sided building for shearing sheep or milking cattle [澳新] (剪羊毛或挤牛奶的)工棚 ●v. tr. (shedded, shedding) (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  park (rolling stock, buses, etc.) in a depot 把(机车、公共汽车等)置于车库 [apparently a variant of SHADE]

shed2 /ʃed/ v. tr. (shedding; past and past part. shed)  1  let or cause to fall off 使落下；使脱落  trees shed their leaves  树木落叶了 2  take off (clothes) 脱下(衣服) 3  reduce (an electrical power load) by disconnection etc. (断开电路等)减少(电力负荷) 4  cause to fall or flow 使流出；使流淌  shed blood  流血 shed tears  流泪 5  disperse, diffuse, radiate 散布；散开；发散  shed light  散发出光亮 6 (of a business) reduce its number of (jobs or employees) through redundancy, natural wastage, etc. (企业)削减(工作岗位或雇员等) □ shed light on   see 见 LIGHT1  [Old English sc(e)adan, from Germanic]

shedder /ˈʃedə/ n.  1  a person or thing that sheds 流血者；流泪者；脱落物 2  a female salmon after spawning 产过卵的鲑鱼

she-devil n.  a malicious or spiteful woman 恶毒的女人；恶魔般的女人

shedhand /ˈʃedhænd/ n. Austral. & NZ  an unskilled assistant in a shearing shed [澳新] (剪羊毛工棚里的)助手；帮手

sheen /ʃi:n/ n.  1  a gloss or lustre on a surface 光泽 2  radiance, brightness 光辉；光彩 □ sheeny  adj.   [obsolete sheen ‘beautiful, resplendent’ from Old English scēne: sense assimilated to SHINE]

sheep /ʃi:p/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  any ruminant mammal of the genus Ovis with a thick woolly coat, esp. kept in flocks for its wool or meat, and proverbial for its timidity 羊；绵羊 2  a bashful, defenceless, or easily-led person 羞怯的人；懦弱的人；易受摆布的人 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a member of a minister's congregation 教区的教徒b  a parishioner 教区的居民 □ separate the sheep from the goats   divide into superior and inferior groups (cf. Matt. 25:33) 明辨优劣；分出好坏(参见《马太福音》 25:33)□ sheeplike  adj.   [Old English scēp, scœˉp, scēap]

sheep-dip n.  1  a preparation for cleansing sheep of vermin or preserving their wool (洗净羊身上的体外寄生虫或保护羊毛用的)浴羊药液 2  the place where sheep are dipped in this 浴羊槽

sheepdog /ˈʃi:pdɒɡ/ n.  1  a dog trained to guard and herd sheep 牧羊犬 2  a dog of various breeds suitable for this 牧羊犬种

sheepfold /ˈʃi:pfəʊld/ n.  an enclosure for penning sheep 羊圈；羊舍

sheepish /ˈʃi:piʃ/ adj.  1  bashful, shy, reticent 羞怯的；腼腆的；寡言的 2  embarrassed through shame 羞愧不安的 □ sheepishly  adv.  □ sheepishness  n.  

sheep-run n.  an extensive sheepwalk, esp. in Australia (尤指澳大利亚的)大牧羊场

sheep's-bit n.  a plant, Jasione montana, resembling a scabious 菊头桔梗

sheepshank /ˈʃi:pʃæŋk/ n.  a knot used to shorten a rope temporarily (为缩短绳长而打的)缩结

sheepskin /ˈʃi:pskin/ n.  1  a garment or rug of sheep's skin with the wool on (带毛的)羊皮袄，羊皮地毯 2  leather from a sheep's skin used in bookbinding (用于书籍装帧的)绵羊皮革

sheepwalk /ˈʃi:pwɔ:k/ n. Brit.  a tract of land on which sheep are pastured [英]牧羊场

sheer1 /ʃiə/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  no more or less than; mere, unqualified, absolute 十足的；完全的，纯粹的；彻底的；绝对的  sheer luck  纯粹的运气 sheer determination  破釜沉舟的决心 2 (of a cliff or ascent etc.) perpendicular; very steep (悬崖或坡路等)陡峭的，险峻的 3 (of a textile) very thin; diaphanous (织物)薄的；半透明的 ●adv.  1  directly, outright 完全地；彻底地 2  perpendicularly 垂直地 □ sheerly  adv.  □ sheerness  n.   [Middle English schere, probably via dialect shire ‘pure, clear’ from Old English scīr, from Germanic]

sheer2 /ʃiə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 esp. Naut.  swerve or change course (尤)【海】转向；改变航向 2 (foll. by 后跟 away, off)  go away, esp. from a person or topic one dislikes or fears (尤指对令人讨厌或害怕的人或话题)避开；回避 ●n. Naut.  a deviation from a course 【海】偏离航向 [perhaps from Middle Low German scheren = SHEAR v.]

sheer3 /ʃiə/ n.  the upward slope of a ship's lines towards the bow and stern (船的)舷弧；(甲板的)脊弧 [probably from SHEAR n.]

sheerlegs /ˈʃiəleɡz/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a hoisting apparatus made from poles joined at or near the top and separated at the bottom for masting ships, installing engines, etc. 人字起重架 [sheer (variant of SHEAR n.) + LEG]

sheet1 /ʃi:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large rectangular piece of cotton or other fabric, used esp. in pairs as inner bedclothes 被单；褥单 2  a  a broad usu. thin flat piece of material (e.g. paper or metal) 薄片(如纸张或金属)b (作 attrib.)  made in sheets 制成薄片的  sheet steel  薄钢板；板钢 3  a wide continuous surface or expanse of water, ice, flame, falling rain, etc. (水、冰、火、降雨等的)一大片 4  a set of unseparated postage stamps 整版邮票 5 derog.  a newspaper, esp. a disreputable one [贬] (尤指庸俗低级的)报纸 6  a complete piece of paper of the size in which it was made, for printing and folding as part of a book (按一定的纸张大小印出供折叠的)折页；单张 ●v.  1 tr.  provide or cover with sheets 用被单…覆盖 2 tr.  form into sheets 使成片状 3 intr. (of rain etc.) fall in sheets (雨等)大片降落 [Old English scēte, scīete, from Germanic]

sheet2 /ʃi:t/ n.  1  a rope or chain attached to the lower corner of a sail for securing or controlling it (系帆用的)帆脚索；缭绳 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the space at the bow or stern of an open boat 划艇的首尾部分 [Middle English from Old English scēata, Old Norse skaut (as SHEET1)]

sheet anchor n.  1  a second anchor for use in emergencies (紧急情况下使用的)备用锚 2  a person or thing depended on in the last resort 最后可指望的人(或物)

sheet bend n.  a method of temporarily fastening one rope through the loop of another 单编结(把一根绳拴紧在另一根绳的绳环里)

sheeting /ˈʃi:tiŋ/ n.  material for making bed linen (做床单用的)阔幅平布

sheet lightning n.  lightning with its brightness diffused by reflection in clouds etc. (由云等反射形成的)片状闪电

sheet metal n.  metal formed into thin sheets by rolling, hammering, etc. (通过轧、敲等制成的)金属薄板

sheet music n.  1  printed music, as opposed to performed or recorded music and books about music 乐谱上的乐曲(相对于演奏音乐、录音音乐或音乐书) 2  music published in single or interleaved sheets, not bound 活页乐谱

sheikh /ʃeik, ʃi:k/ n. (also 亦作 shaikh, sheik)  1  a chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village (阿拉伯人的)酋长；族长；村长 2  a Muslim leader 穆斯林教长 □ sheikhdom  n.   [ultimately from Arabic šayk ‘old man, sheikh’, from šɑˉka ‘be or grow old’]

Sheila /ˈʃi:lə/   希拉 [人名]

sheila /ˈʃi:lə/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  a girl or young woman [澳新] [俚语]少女；少妇 [originally shaler (of unknown origin): assimilated to the name Sheila]

shekel /ˈʃek(ə)l/ n.  1  the chief monetary unit of modern Israel 谢克尔(现代以色列的主要货币单位) 2 hist.  a silver coin and unit of weight used in ancient Israel and the Middle East [史义]谢克尔(古以色列和中东地区用的银币和重量单位) 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  money; riches [口]金钱；财富 [Hebrew šeḳel from šɑˉḳal ‘weigh’]

Shelagh /ˈʃi:lə/   希拉 [人名]

shelduck /ˈʃeldʌk/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or shelducks; masc. sheldrake, pl. same 单复同 or sheldrakes)  any large bright-plumaged gooselike duck of the genus Tadorna, esp. T. tadorna of Eurasian and N. African coasts (尤指产于欧亚和北非海岸)麻鸭，翘鼻麻鸭 [Middle English, probably from dialect sheld ‘pied’ (related to Middle Dutch schillede ‘variegated’) + DUCK1, DRAKE]

shelf1 /ʃelf/ n. (pl. shelves /ʃelvz/)  1  a  a thin flat piece of wood or metal etc. projecting from a wall, or as part of a unit, used to support books etc. (墙壁上支出的放书等的)架板，搁板b  the flat bottom surface of a recess in a wall etc. used similarly (墙等上放书等用的)壁凹 2  a  a projecting horizontal ledge in a cliff face etc. (悬崖等的)岩脊，岩架b  a reef or sandbank under water (水下的)暗礁；沙洲c  = CONTINENTAL SHELF  □ on the shelf   1 (of a woman) past the age when she might expect to be married (大龄妇女)无结婚希望的 2 (esp. of a retired person) no longer active or of use (尤指退休者)年老无用的□ shelved  /ʃelvd/ adj.  □ shelfful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ shelf-like  adj.   [Middle English from (Middle) Low German schelf, related to Old English scylfe ‘partition’, scylf ‘crag’]

shelf2 /ʃelf/ n. & v. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语] ●n. (pl. shelfs)  an informer 告发者；告密者 ●v. tr.  inform upon 告发 [from SHELF1]

shelf-life n. (pl. -lives)  the length of time for which a stored item of food etc. remains usable (食品等的)保存期限

shelf mark n.  a notation on a book showing its place in a library (图书馆图书上的)排架号

shelf room n.  available space on a shelf (货架或书架等的)可用空间

she'll /ʃi:l, ʃil/ contr. [缩合]  she will; she shall 

shell /ʃel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the hard outer case of many marine molluscs (水生软体动物的)硬壳  cockleshell  鸟蛤壳b  the esp. hard but fragile outer covering of a bird's, reptile's, etc. egg (鸟、爬行动物等的卵的)卵壳c  the usu. hard outer case of a nut-kernel, seed, etc. (硬果、种子等的)外壳d  the carapace of a tortoise, turtle, etc. (龟等的)甲，壳e  the wing-case or pupa-case of many insects etc. (昆虫等的)翅鞘 2  a  an explosive projectile or bomb for use in a big gun or mortar (大炮、迫击炮等的)炮弹b  a hollow metal or paper case used as a container for fireworks, explosives, cartridges, etc. (烟花、爆竹等的)筒壳c US  a cartridge [美]弹壳；弹药筒；炮弹 3  a mere semblance or outer form without substance 空壳 4  any of several things resembling a shell in being an outer case, esp. 壳状物(尤指)a  a light racing boat 轻型赛艇b  a hollow pastry case 糕点外壳c  the metal framework of a vehicle body etc. (车身等的)金属框架d  the walls of an unfinished or gutted building, ship, etc. (未完成的建筑物、轮船等的)架构；壳体e  an inner or roughly made coffin 内棺；粗制棺材f  a building shaped like a conch (螺式)薄壳建筑物g  the handguard of a sword (剑的)护手 5  a group of electrons in an atom with almost equal energy (原子壳内的)电子组 6 Computing 【计算】  = SHELL PROGRAM  ●v.  1 tr.  remove the shell or pod from 去掉…的壳；剥去…的壳 2 tr.  bombard (a town, troops, etc.) with shells 炮轰 3 tr.  provide or cover with a shell or shells (用壳)包；裹 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off) (of metal etc.) come off in scales (金属等)成片剥落 5 intr. (of a seed etc.) be released from a shell (种子等)脱壳 □ come out of one's shell   cease to be shy; become communicative 不再羞怯；开始谈吐自若□ shell out  (also absol. [亦含宾]) colloq. [口]  1  pay (money) 付(钱) 2  hand over (a required sum) 上交(所要求的款数)□ shelled  adj.  □ shell-less  adj.  □ shell-like  adj.  □ shellproof  adj. (in sense 2a of n. 用于名词释义 2a)  □ shelly  adj.   [Old English sc(i)ell from Germanic: related to SCALE1]

shellac /ʃəˈlæk/ n. & v. ●n.  lac resin in thin flakes, used for making varnish (cf. 参见 LAC1) (用于增加光亮度的)虫胶；紫胶；漆片 ●v. tr. (shellacked, shellacking)  1  varnish with shellac (用虫漆等)使…光亮 2 US slang  defeat or thrash soundly [美] [俚语]击败；狠揍 [SHELL + LAC1, translation of French laque en écailles ‘lac in thin plates’]

shellback /ˈʃelbæk/ n. slang  an old sailor [俚语]老海员，老水手

shell-bit n.  a gouge-shaped boring bit 筒形钻头

shell company n.  a company quoted on the Stock Exchange, although not trading, and used to make takeover bids etc. (在股票交易所里已上市但已停业，可供其他公司收购等的)空壳公司

shell egg n.  an egg still in its shell, not dried etc. 带壳的蛋

shellfire /ˈʃelfaiə/ n.  the firing of shells, esp. repeatedly (尤指反复不停的)炮轰

shellfish /ˈʃelfiʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  an aquatic shelled mollusc, e.g. an oyster, winkle, etc. 带壳的水生软体动物(如牡蛎、螺等) 2  a crustacean, e.g. a crab, shrimp, etc. 甲壳纲动物(如螃蟹、虾等)

shell game n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  = THIMBLERIG  2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 play a shell game 耍把戏) colloq.  a confidence trick; a deception [口]诡诈；欺骗

shell-heap n. hist.  a kitchen midden [史义]贝丘，贝塚

shell-jacket n.  an army officer's tight-fitting undress jacket reaching to the waist 紧身短茄克(军官穿的一种便服)

shell-lime n.  fine-quality lime produced by burning seashells 贝石灰(焚烧贝壳制成的优质石灰)

shell-money n.  shells used as a medium of exchange, e.g. wampum 贝壳货币

shell-mound n.  = SHELL-HEAP 

shell-out n.  1  the act of shelling out 支付，偿付 2  a game of snooker etc. played by three or more people (3 人或 3 人以上玩的)落袋撞球戏

shell pink n. & adj. ●n.  a delicate pale pink 浅粉红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 浅粉红色的

shell program n. Computing  a program which provides an interface between the user and the operating system 【计算】界面程序(为用户与操作系统之间提供界面的程序)

shell-shock n.  a nervous breakdown or other psychological disturbance resulting from exposure to battle 弹震症，炮弹休克症(因参与战斗而出现的一种精神崩溃或心理困扰症) □ shell-shocked  adj.  

shell suit n.  a tracksuit with a soft lining and a weatherproof nylon outer ‘shell’, used for leisure wear 田径服(衬里柔软外层防雨的休闲服)

shell-work n.  ornamentation consisting of shells cemented on to wood etc. (镶嵌在木头等上的装饰用的)贝壳工艺品

Shelta /ˈʃeltə/ n.  an ancient secret language used by Irish tinkers, gypsies, etc. and based largely on altered Irish or Gaelic words (爱尔兰白铁匠、吉卜赛人等用的以爱尔兰语和盖尔语词汇为基础的)隐语；行话 [19th c.: origin unknown]

shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  anything serving as a shield or protection from danger, bad weather, etc. 遮盖物；躲避处；避难所 2  a  a place of refuge provided esp. for the homeless etc. (尤指为无家可归者等设的)收容所b N. Amer.  an animal sanctuary [北美]动物栖息处 3  a shielded condition; protection 遮蔽；保护  took shelter under a tree  在树下躲避 ●v.  1 tr.  act or serve as shelter to; protect; conceal; defend 为…提供保护；掩蔽；藏匿；庇护  sheltered them from the storm  为他们遮蔽风雨 had a sheltered upbringing  在保护中成长 2 intr. & refl.  find refuge; take cover 寻找躲避处；躲起来  sheltered under a tree  躲在树下 sheltered themselves behind the wall (他们) 藏在墙后 □ shelterer  n.  □ shelterless  adj.   [16th c.: perhaps via obsolete sheltron ‘phalanx’ from Old English scieldtruma (as SHIELD, truma ‘troop’)]

shelter belt n.  a line of trees etc. planted to protect crops from the wind (保护农作物的)防风林带

sheltered accommodation n.  accommodation for the elderly or handicapped in which people live in private independent units but with access to some shared facilities and a warden, doctor, etc. 福利院(为老人或残疾人提供的居所，居住者拥有独立的房间、公共设施和管理人员、医生等)

sheltie /ˈʃelti/ n. (also 亦作 shelty) (pl. -ies)  a Shetland pony or sheepdog 设得兰矮种马；设得兰牧羊犬 [probably representing Old Norse Hjalti ‘Shetlander’, as pronounced in Orkney]

shelve1 /ʃelv/ v. tr.  1  a  abandon or defer (a plan etc.) 放弃，搁置(计划等)b  remove (a person) from active work etc. 解雇；辞退 2  put (books etc.) on a shelf 把(书等)放到架子上 3  fit (a cupboard etc.) with shelves 为(碗橱等)安上搁板 □ shelver  n.  □ shelving  n.   [shelves, pl. of SHELF1]

shelve2 /ʃelv/ v. intr. (of ground etc.) slope in a specified direction (地面等)倾斜  land shelved away to the horizon  土地向地平线逐渐倾斜 [perhaps via shelvy ‘having underwater reefs’ from shelve ‘a ledge’, from SHELVE1]

shelves pl.  of SHELF1  

shemozzle /ʃiˈmɒz(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 schemozzle) slang [俚语]  1  a brawl or commotion 吵闹；喧嚷 2  a muddle 混乱 [Yiddish, suggested by Late Hebrew šel-lō '-mazzɑˉl ‘of no luck’]

shenanigan /ʃiˈnæniɡ(ə)n/ n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) colloq. [口]  1  high-spirited behaviour; nonsense 兴奋的举动；无稽之谈 2  trickery; dubious manoeuvres 诡计；欺诈 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Sheol /ˈʃi:əʊl, ˈʃi:ɒl/ n.  the Hebrew underworld abode of the dead (希伯来)阴间，冥府 [Hebrew šĕ'ôl]

shepherd /ˈʃepəd/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (fem. shepherdess /ˈʃepədis, ʃepəˈdes/)  a person employed to tend sheep, esp. at pasture 牧羊人，羊倌 2  a member of the clergy etc. who cares for and guides a congregation 牧师 ●v. tr.  1  a  tend (sheep etc.) as a shepherd 放羊，牧羊b  guide (followers etc.) 带领，引导(信徒等) 2  marshal or drive (a crowd etc.) like sheep 引领，驱赶(一群人等) [Old English scēaphierde (as SHEEP, HERD)]

shepherd dog n.  a sheepdog 牧羊犬

shepherd's crook n.  a staff with a hook at one end used by shepherds (一端有钩的)牧羊杖

shepherd's needle n.  a white-flowered umbelliferous plant, Scandix pecten-veneris, with spiny fruit, common as a weed of cornfields 脉蓖针果芹(开白花，结刺果，是玉米地里常见的一种野草)

shepherd's pie n.  a dish of minced meat under a layer of mashed potato 肉馅土豆泥饼

shepherd's plaid n.  1  a small black and white check pattern 黑白小方格花纹 2  woollen cloth with this pattern 黑白小方格花呢

shepherd's purse n.  a white-flowered cruciferous plant, Capsella bursa-pastoris, with triangular or cordate pods, common as a weed 荠菜(开白花，结三角形或心形豆荚，是一种常见野菜)

sherardize /ˈʃerədaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  coat (iron or steel) with zinc by heating in contact with zinc dust (在钢铁制品上)镀锌 [from the name of Sherard Cowper-Coles, English inventor d. 1936]

Sheraton /ˈʃerət(ə)n/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a style of furniture introduced in England c. 1790, with delicate and graceful forms 谢拉顿家具式样(形式精美雅致) [from the name of T. Sheraton, English furniture-maker d. 1806]

sherbet /ˈʃɜ:bət/ n.  1  a Brit.  a flavoured sweet effervescent powder or drink [英]果味甜粉；冒泡甜饮料b N. Amer.  a water ice [北美]水冰 2  a cooling drink of sweet diluted fruit juices esp. in Arab countries (尤指阿拉伯国家的)果汁清凉饮料 3 Austral. joc.  beer [澳诙]啤酒 [Turkish sherbet, Persian šerbet from Arabic šarba ‘drink’, from šariba ‘to drink’: cf. SHRUB2, SYRUP]

sherd /ʃɜ:d/ n.  = POTSHERD  [variant of SHARD]

shereef (also 亦作 sherif) var.  of SHARIF SHARIF 的变体

sheriff /ˈʃerif/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a (also 亦作 High Sheriff)  the chief executive officer of the Crown in a county, administering justice etc. 郡长(管理司法等)b  an honorary officer elected annually in some towns (某些城镇每年选举的)名誉郡长 2 US  an elected officer in a county, responsible for keeping the peace [美] (选举出的)县治安官 □ sheriffalty  n. (pl. -ies)  □ sheriffdom  n.  □ sheriffhood  n.  □ sheriffship  n.   [Old English scīr-gerēfa (as SHIRE, REEVE1)]

sheriff court n. Sc.  a county court [苏格兰]郡法院

sheriff-depute n. Sc.  the chief judge of a county or district [苏格兰]郡(或区)的首席法官

Sherpa /ˈʃɜ:pə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Sherpas)  a member of a Himalayan people living on the borders of Nepal and China's Tibet renowned for their skill in mountaineering (居住在尼泊尔与中国西藏边界喜马拉雅山的)夏尔巴人(以善于登山而闻名) [native name]

sherry /ˈʃeri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a fortified wine originally from southern Spain 雪利酒(原产于西班牙南部的一种烈性白葡萄酒) 2  a glass of this 一杯雪利酒 [earlier sherris from Spanish (vino de) Xeres (now Jerez de la Frontera) in Andalusia]

sherry cobbler  see 见 COBBLER 2 

sherry glass n.  a small wineglass used for sherry 雪利酒杯

she's /ʃi:z, ʃiz/ contr. [缩合]  1  she is  2  she has 

Shetlander /ˈʃetləndə/ n.  a native of the Shetland Islands, NNE of the mainland of Scotland 设得兰群岛人

Shetland lace /ˈʃetlənd/ n.  openwork woollen trimming 设得兰网眼织物

Shetland pony /ˈʃetlənd/ n.  1  a pony of a small hardy rough-coated breed 设得兰矮马 2  this breed 设得兰矮马品种

Shetland sheepdog /ˈʃetlənd/ n.  1  a small dog of a collie-like breed 设得兰牧羊犬 2  this breed 设得兰牧羊犬品种

Shetland wool /ˈʃetlənd/ n.  a fine loosely twisted wool from Shetland sheep 设得兰羊毛；设得兰毛线

sheva var.  of SCHWA  SCHWA 的变体

shew archaic var.  of SHOW [古义] SHOW 的变体

shewbread /ˈʃəʊbred/ n.  twelve loaves that were displayed in a Jewish temple and renewed each sabbath 犹太教徒用作祭品的陈列面包(每个安息日更换一次)

Shia /ˈʃiə/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Shi'a) ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Shias)  1  one of the two main branches of Islam, esp. in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first successor (cf. 参见 SUNNI) 什叶派(伊斯兰教派之一，尤指伊朗的什叶派，该教派拒绝承认前三代逊尼派哈里发，而仅承认第四代哈里发阿里是穆罕默德的继承人) 2  a Shi'ite 什叶派教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to Shia 什叶派的 [Arabic šīˈa ‘party’ (of Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law)]

shiatsu /ʃiˈætsu:/ n.  a kind of therapy of Japanese origin, in which pressure is applied with the thumbs, palms, etc. to certain points of the body 指压按摩术(一种日本疗法，用拇指、手掌等对穴位加压按摩) [Japanese, = finger pressure]

shibboleth /ˈʃibəleθ/ n.  a custom, doctrine, phrase, etc., distinguishing a particular class or group of people (用以区别某个阶层或群体的)习俗；教义；词语 [Middle English from Hebrew šibbōlet ‘ear of corn’, used as a test of nationality for its difficult pronunciation (Judg. 12:6)]

shicer /ˈʃaisə/ n. Austral. [澳]  1 Mining  an unproductive claim or mine 【采矿学】无产出的矿 2 slang [俚语]  a  a swindler, welsher, or cheat 骗子；赖账者b  a worthless thing; a failure 无价值的东西；失败 [German Scheisser ‘contemptible person’]

shicker /ˈʃikə/ adj. (also 亦作 shickered /ˈʃikəd/) Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  drunk 醉酒的 [Yiddish shiker from Hebrew šikkôr, from šɑˉkar ‘be drunk’]

shied past and past part.  of SHY2 

shield /ʃi:ld/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a esp. hist. [尤史义]  a piece of armour of esp. metal, carried on the arm or in the hand to deflect blows from the head or body 盾，盾牌b  a thing serving to protect 保护物  insurance is a shield against disaster  保险是对抗灾难的保护伞 2  a thing resembling a shield, esp. 盾牌状物，如 :a  a trophy in the form of a shield 盾状胜利纪念章b  a protective plate or screen in machinery etc. (机械等上的)保护板；保护屏c  a shieldlike part of an animal, esp. a shell (动物的)盾状保护体(尤指壳或甲)d  a similar part of a plant (植物的)盾形子囊盘e Geol.  a large rigid area of the earth's crust, usu. of Precambrian rock, which has been unaffected by later orogenic episodes 【地质】地盾f US  a police officer's shield-shaped badge [美] (警察的)盾形徽章 3 Heraldry  a stylized representation of a shield used for displaying a coat of arms etc. 【纹章学】盾徽 ●v. tr.  protect or screen, esp. from blame or lawful punishment (尤指(为了)免受指责或法律惩罚而)保护，遮护 □ shieldless  adj.   [Old English sc(i)eld from a Germanic word probably meaning ‘board’]

shield bug n.  a broad flat hemipteran bug, esp. of the family Pentatomidae 盾蝽

shield fern n.  1  any common fern of the genus Polystichum, with shield-shaped indusia 鳞毛蕨；三叉蕨 2  = BUCKLER 2 

shield volcano n. Geol.  a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides 【地质】盾状火山

shieling /ˈʃi:liŋ/ n. (also 亦作 shealing) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a roughly constructed hut originally esp. for pastoral use (最初尤用作放牧的)简陋小屋 2  pasture for cattle (放牛的)牧场 [Scots shiel ‘hut’: of unknown origin]

shift /ʃift/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  change or move or cause to change or move from one position to another 转移；移动；使转移；使移动 2 tr. Brit.  remove, esp. with effort [英] (尤指用力)去除；去掉  washing won't shift the stains  洗涤无法去掉这些污点 3 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a intr.  hurry 赶快；赶紧  we'll have to shift!  我们必须快点！b tr.  consume (food or drink) hastily or in bulk (快速或大量地)吃；喝c tr. colloq.  sell, esp. quickly, in large quantities, or dishonestly [口] (尤指快速、大量或欺诈地)卖出 4 intr.  contrive or manage as best one can 尽力筹划(或运作) 5 N. Amer. [北美]  a tr.  change (gear) in a vehicle (车辆)换档b intr.  change gear (换档)变速 6 intr. (of cargo) get shaken out of place (货物)位移 7 intr. archaic  be evasive or indirect [古义]推托；闪避 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of shifting 转移；移动b  the substitution of one thing for another; a rotation 替换；轮换；轮流 2  a  a relay of workers 轮班  the night shift  夜班b  the time for which they work 班次的轮值时间  an eight-hour shift  8 小时的班次 3  a  a device, stratagem, or expedient 手段；应急办法；权宜之计b  a dodge, trick, or evasion 推诿；诡计；逃避 4  a  a woman's straight unwaisted dress (女式)宽松直筒连衣裙b archaic  a loose-fitting undergarment [古义]宽松内衣 5  a displacement of spectral lines (see also 另见 RED SHIFT) 光谱线的位移 6 (also 亦作 sound shift)  a systematic change in pronunciation as a language evolves (随语言发展而发生的)系统性发音变化 7  a key on a keyboard used to switch between lower and upper case etc. (键盘上大小写等的)转换键 8 Bridge 【桥牌】  a  a change of suit in bidding 改叫花色b US  a change of suit in play [美]改换花色 9  the positioning of successive rows of bricks so that their ends do not coincide (砌砖时的)错缝 10 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a gear lever in a motor vehicle (机动车的)排挡操纵杆b  a mechanism for this 变速装置 □ make shift   manage or contrive; get along somehow 设法对付；想法应付  made shift without it  没有它也设法对付过去了□ shift for oneself   rely on one's own efforts 依靠自己的努力□ shift one's ground   take up a new position in an argument etc. (在争论等中)采取新立场；改变观点□ shift off   get rid of (responsibility etc.) to another 摆脱，推缷(责任等)□ shiftable  adj.  □ shifter  n.   [Old English sciftan ‘arrange, divide’, etc., from Germanic]

shiftless /ˈʃiftlis/ adj.  lacking resourcefulness; lazy; inefficient 缺乏智谋的；懒惰的；无能的 □ shiftlessly  adv.  □ shiftlessness  n.  

shift work n.  work comprising a relay of periods of duty 轮班；倒班

shifty /ˈʃifti/ adj. (shiftier, shiftiest) colloq.  not straightforward; evasive; deceitful [口]不直率的；躲躲闪闪的；诡诈的 □ shiftily  adv.  □ shiftiness  n.  

shigella /ʃiˈɡelə/ n.  any bacterium of the genus Shigella, some of which cause dysentery 志贺氏菌属(其中一些细菌可导致痢疾) [modern Latin, from the name of K. Shiga, Japanese bacteriologist d. 1957 + diminutive suffix]

shih-tzu /ʃi:ˈtsu:/ n.  1  a dog of a breed with long silky erect hair and short legs 狮子狗 2  this breed 狮子狗品种 [Chinese shizi ‘lion’]

shiitake /ʃiˈtɑ:kei, ʃii-/ n. (in full 全称 shiitake mushroom)  an edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, cultivated in Japan and China on oak logs etc. 栎蘑(一种可食蘑菇，产于日本和中国，在栎木上培育) [Japanese, from shii a kind of oak and take ‘mushroom’]

Shi'ite /ˈʃi:ait/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Shiite) ●n.  an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam 伊斯兰什叶教派信徒 ●adj.  of or relating to Shia 什叶派的 □ Shi'ism  /ˈʃi:iz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 Shiism)  什叶派教义

shikar /ʃiˈkɑ:/ n. Anglo-Ind.  hunting [印英]打猎；狩猎 [Urdu from Persian šikɑˉr]

shiksa /ˈʃiksə/ n. offens. (used by Jews) a gentile girl or woman [冒犯] (犹太人用语)非犹太少女，非犹太女子，女异教徒 [Yiddish shikse from Hebrew šiqṣɑˆ, from sheqeṣ ‘detested thing’ + fem. suffix -ɑˆ]

shill /ʃil/ n. N. Amer.  a person employed to decoy or entice others into buying, gambling, etc. [北美]雇佣骗子(受雇引诱或怂恿他人买东西、赌博等) [probably from earlier shillaber, of unknown origin]

shillelagh /ʃiˈleilə, -li/ n.  a thick stick of blackthorn or oak used in Ireland esp. as a weapon 粗橡木棍(在爱尔兰尤用作武器) [Shillelagh in Co. Wicklow, Ireland]

shilling /ˈʃiliŋ/ n.  1 hist.  a former British coin and monetary unit equal to one-twentieth of a pound or twelve pence [史义]先令(旧时英国货币单位， 12 便士为 1 先令， 20 先令为 1 英镑) 2  a monetary unit in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda 先令(肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达的货币单位) □ take the King's (or Queen's) shilling  Brit. hist.  enlist as a soldier (formerly a soldier was paid a shilling on enlisting) [英史义]入伍当兵(以前士兵入伍时会发 1 先令) [Old English scilling, from Germanic]

shilling-mark n. hist. [史义]  = SOLIDUS 1 

shilly-shally /ˈʃiliʃæli/ v., adj. & n. ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  hesitate to act or choose; be undecided; vacillate 犹豫不决；优柔寡断；动摇不定 ●adj.  vacillating 犹豫不决的；摇摆不定的 ●n.  indecision; vacillation 迟疑不定；摇摆不定 □ shilly-shallyer  n. (also 亦作 -shallier)   [originally shill I, shall I, reduplication of shall I?]

shim /ʃim/ n. & v. ●n.  a thin strip of material used in machinery etc. to make parts fit (用在机械中使部件结合严实的)垫片；填隙片 ●v. tr. (shimmed, shimming)  fit or fill up with a shim 用垫片填入，用垫片填实 [18th c.: origin unknown]

shimmer /ˈʃimə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  shine with a tremulous or faint diffused light 闪烁；闪光；发幽光 ●n.  such a light 闪烁的光；幽光 □ shimmeringly  adv.  □ shimmery  adj.   [Old English scymrian from Germanic: related to SHINE]

shimmy /ˈʃimi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 hist.  a kind of ragtime dance in which the whole body is shaken [史义]希米舞(一种全身摇摆抖动的散拍舞蹈) 2 archaic colloq. [古义] [口]  = CHEMISE  3  an abnormal vibration of esp. the front wheels of a motor vehicle (尤指汽车前轮不正常的)晃动，颤动 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  1  a hist.  dance a shimmy [史义]跳希米舞b  move in a similar manner 摇晃；颤动；摇动 2  shake or vibrate abnormally (不正常)摇晃，颤动 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

shin /ʃin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the front of the leg below the knee 胫，胫部 2  a cut of beef from the lower part of the animal's leg (牛的)小腿肉 ●v. tr. & (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, down) intr. (shinned, shinning)  climb quickly by clinging with the arms and legs (腿臂并用)攀，爬 [Old English sinu]

shin bone n.  = TIBIA 

shindig /ˈʃindiɡ/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a festive, esp. noisy, party (尤指喧闹的)节日聚会 2  = SHINDY 1  [probably from SHINDY]

shindy /ˈʃindi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a brawl, disturbance, or noise 争吵；扰乱；喧闹  kicked up a shindy  引起争吵 2  = SHINDIG 1.  [perhaps alteration of SHINTY]

shine /ʃain/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. shone /ʃɒn/ or shined)  1 intr.  emit or reflect light; be bright; glow 发光；反光；发亮  the lamp was shining  灯在发光 his face shone with gratitude  他的脸因感激而放出光彩 2 intr. (of the sun, a star, etc.) not be obscured by clouds etc.; be visible (太阳、星星等)照耀；照射 3 tr.  cause (a lamp etc.) to shine 使(灯)发光，使(灯)发亮 4 tr. (past and past part. shined)  make bright; polish 擦亮；抛光  shined his shoes  把他的皮鞋擦亮 5 intr.  be brilliant in some respect; excel (在某方面)出色；超群出众  does not shine in conversation  在谈话方面并不出众 is a shining example  是个杰出的榜样 ●n.  1  light; brightness, esp. reflected (尤指反射的)光；亮 2  a high polish; lustre 高亮度；光泽 3 US  the act or an instance of shining esp. shoes [美] (尤指鞋子)闪亮；闪耀 □ shine up to  US  seek to ingratiate oneself with [美]竭力讨好；百般巴结□ take the shine out of   1  spoil the brilliance or newness of 使…光泽消失；使…不再崭新 2  throw into the shade by surpassing 使…黯然失色□ take a shine to  colloq.  take a fancy to; like [口]喜欢；喜爱□ shiningly  adv.   [Old English scīnan, from Germanic]

shiner /ˈʃainə/ n.  1  a thing that shines 发亮物；发光物 2 colloq.  a black eye [口]青肿的眼睛 3 US  any of various small silvery freshwater fish, esp. of the genus Notropis [美]银色小鱼；(尤指)银光鱼 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) slang [俚语]  a archaic  money [古义]金钱b  a jewel 宝石

shingle1 /ˈʃiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  small rounded pebbles, esp. on a seashore (尤指海滨的)小卵石 □ shingly  adj.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

shingle2 /ˈʃiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rectangular wooden tile used on roofs, spires, or esp. walls (房顶、塔尖或尤指墙上的长方形)木瓦 2 archaic [古义]  a  shingled hair 墙面板式短发b  the act of shingling hair 做墙面板式短发发型 3 N. Amer.  a small signboard, esp. of a doctor, lawyer, etc. [北美] (尤指医生、律师等营业用的)小招牌 ●v. tr.  1  roof or clad with shingles (用木瓦)盖屋顶 2 archaic [古义]  a  cut (a woman's hair) short 剪短(女子的头发)b  cut the hair of (a person or head) in this way 剪短头发 [Middle English, apparently from Latin scindula, earlier scandula ‘a split piece of wood’]

shingles /ˈʃiŋɡ(ə)lz/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  an acute painful inflammation of the nerve ganglia, with a skin eruption often forming a girdle around the middle of the body, caused by the same virus as chicken-pox Also called 亦称作 herpes zoster 带状疱疹；缠腰龙(一种剧痛的急性神经节炎症，由引发水痘的同种病毒引发，在腰部会出现带状皮疹) [Middle English via medieval Latin cingulus from Latin cingulum ‘girdle’, from cingere ‘gird’]

shin-guard n.  = SHIN-PAD 

shinny /ˈʃini/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, down) N. Amer. colloq.  shin (up or down a tree etc.) [北美口]攀，爬(上、下树等)

shin-pad n.  a protective pad for the shins, worn when playing football etc. (踢足球等时用的)护胫

Shinto /ˈʃintəʊ/ n.  a religion incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits, until 1945 the state religion of Japan 神道教 (1945 年前日本的国教，崇拜祖先和自然神) □ Shintoism  n.  □ Shintoist  n.   [Japanese from Chinese shen dao ‘way of the gods’]

shinty /ˈʃinti/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1  a game like hockey played with a ball and curved sticks, and taller goalposts 简化曲棍球戏(其球门柱要高于正规比赛的球门柱) 2  a stick or ball used in shinty (简化曲棍球戏中使用的)曲棍，曲棍球 [earlier shinny, apparently from the cry used in the game shin ye, shin you, shin t' ye, of unknown origin]

shiny /ˈʃaini/ adj. (shinier, shiniest)  1  having a shine; glistening; polished; bright 发光的；闪亮的；抛光的；明亮的 2 (of clothing, esp. the seat of trousers etc.) having the nap worn off (衣物、尤指裤子等的坐位部)磨光的 □ shinily  adv.  □ shininess  n.   [SHINE]

ship /ʃip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any large seagoing vessel (cf. 参见 BOAT n. 2) (航海)轮船b  a sailing vessel with a bowsprit and three, four, or five square-rigged masts (三桅以上的)帆船 2 US  an aircraft [美]飞机 3  a spaceship 宇宙飞船 4 colloq.  a boat, esp. a racing boat [口]艇，(尤指)赛艇 ●v. (shipped, shipping)  1 tr.  put, take, or send away (goods, passengers, sailors, etc.) on board ship (乘客、船员)上船；(货物)装船，船运 2 tr.  a  take in (water) over the side of a ship, boat, etc. (从船舷侧边)进水b  take (oars) from the rowlocks and lay them inside a boat 把(船桨)放入船中c  fix (a rudder etc.) in its place on a ship etc. 给船安上舵(等)d  step (a mast) 竖立(桅杆) 3 intr.  a  take ship; embark 上船b (of a sailor) take service on a ship (船员)在船上供职  shipped for Africa  在去非洲的船上供职 4 tr.  deliver (goods) to a forwarding agent for conveyance 把(货物)交付给托运商 □ ship off   1  send or transport by ship (用船)运送，运输 2 colloq.  send (a person) away [口]遣送；支开□ ship a sea  Brit.  be flooded by a wave. [英]波浪涌入船中□ take ship   embark 上船□ when a person's ship comes home (or in)   when a person's fortune is made 当某人发财(或发迹)的时候□ shipless  adj.  □ shippable  adj.   [Old English scip, scipian, from Germanic]

-ship /ʃip/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  a quality or condition (friendship 友谊 ; hardship 艰难) 品质；情况 2  status, office, or honour (authorship 作家职业 ; lordship 阁下；爵爷) 地位；职业；荣誉 3  a tenure of office (chairmanship 主席任期) 任职期限 4  a skill in a certain capacity (workmanship 手艺) 技能 5  the collective individuals of a group (membership 成员资格) 社会团体的成员 [Old English -scipe etc., from Germanic]

shipboard /ˈʃipbɔ:d/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  used or occurring on board a ship 船用的；发生在船上的  a shipboard romance  船上的浪漫故事 □ on shipboard   on board ship 在船上

ship-breaker n.  a contractor who breaks up old ships 废船包拆人

shipbroker /ˈʃipbrəʊkə/ n.  an agent in shipping goods and insuring ships (代理货物运输和船舶保险业务的)船舶经纪人

shipbuilder /ˈʃipbildə/ n.  a person, company, etc., that constructs ships 造船者；造船公司 □ shipbuilding  n.  

ship burial n. Archaeol.  burial in a wooden ship under a mound 【考古】船葬(葬于坟墩下的木船中)

ship canal n.  a canal large enough for ships to pass inland (供海船驶往内陆的)运河

ship chandler n. (also 亦称 ship's chandler)  a dealer in cordage, canvas, etc. (经营绳索、帆布等的)船具商

ship-fever n.  typhus 斑疹伤寒

shiplap /ˈʃiplæp/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  fit (boards) together for cladding etc. so that each overlaps the one below 搭叠木板；搭接 ●n.  such cladding (木板的)搭叠；搭接

shipload /ˈʃipləʊd/ n.  a quantity of goods forming a cargo 船舶装货量

shipmaster /ˈʃipmɑ:stə/ n.  a ship's captain 船长

shipmate /ˈʃipmeit/ n.  a fellow member of a ship's crew 同船船员

shipment /ˈʃipm(ə)nt/ n.  1  an amount of goods shipped; a consignment 装货量；交运的货物量 2  the act or an instance of shipping goods etc. (货物等的)装运

ship money n. hist.  a tax raised to provide ships for the navy in the 17th c. [史义]造船税 (17 世纪英国为海军建造军舰而征收的税)

ship of the desert n.  the camel 沙漠之舟，骆驼

ship of the line n. hist.  a ship of sufficient size for the front line of battle [史义] (用于前线作战的)大型战舰

shipowner /ˈʃipəʊnə/ n.  a person owning a ship or ships or shares in ships 船主；船东

shipper /ˈʃipə/ n.  a person or company that sends or receives goods by ship, or US by land or air (船运)托运人；发货公司；[美] (陆运或空运的)托运人；发货公司 [Old English scipere (as SHIP)]

shipping /ˈʃipiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of shipping goods etc. (货物等的)装运；运输 2  ships, esp. the ships of a country, port, etc. (尤指某个国家或港口等的)全部船舶

shipping agent n.  a person acting for a ship or ships at a port etc. 船舶业务代理人

shipping-articles n. pl.  = SHIP'S ARTICLES 

shipping-bill n. Brit.  a manifest of goods shipped [英]船货清单；装货清单

shipping-master n. Brit.  an official presiding at the signing of ship's articles, paying off of seamen, etc. [英]海员契约监护官

shipping-office n.  the office of a shipping agent or shipping master 船舶业务代理行；海员契约监护所

ship-rigged adj.  square-rigged 有横帆的

ship's articles n. pl.  the terms on which seamen take service on a ship 船员雇佣条款

ship's biscuit n. hist.  a hard coarse kind of biscuit kept and eaten on board ship [史义] (船上吃的)粗硬饼干

ship's boat n.  a small boat carried on board a ship (大船上配备的)小艇；救生艇

ship's chandler var.  of SHIP CHANDLER  SHIP CHANDLER 的变体

ship's company n.  a ship's crew 全体船员

ship's corporal  see 见 CORPORAL1 2 

shipshape /ˈʃipʃeip/ adv. & predic. adj.  in good order; trim and neat 井井有条的；整洁干净的

ship's husband n.  an agent appointed by the owners to see to the provisioning of a ship in port (由船主指派办理轮船在港口供应事务的)船舶代理人

ship's papers n. pl.  documents establishing the ownership, nationality, nature of the cargo, etc., of a ship (证明轮船的所有权、国籍、货物性质等的)船舶证明文件

ship-to-shore adj. & n. ●adj.  from a ship to land 由船至岸的；船对岸的 ●n.  a radio-telephone for such use 船对岸无线电话

shipway /ˈʃipwei/ n.  a slope on which a ship is built and down which it slides to be launched (建造船只以及供船只下水的)船台

shipworm /ˈʃipwɜ:m/ n.  = TEREDO 

shipwreck /ˈʃiprek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the destruction of a ship by a storm, foundering, etc. (由于风暴或水等的)船舶失事b  a ship so destroyed 失事船只 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the destruction of hopes, dreams, etc. (希望、梦想等的)破灭 ●v.  1 tr.  inflict shipwreck on (a ship, a person's hopes, etc.) 使(船)失事；使(希望等)破灭 2 intr.  suffer shipwreck 船只失事

shipwright /ˈʃiprait/ n.  1  a shipbuilder 造船者 2  a ship's carpenter 船木工

shipyard /ˈʃipjɑ:d/ n.  a place where ships are built, repaired, etc. 造船厂；修船厂；船坞

shiralee /ˈʃirəli:/ n. Austral.  a tramp's swag or bundle [澳] (徒步旅行者的)行囊 [19th c.: origin unknown]

shire /ˈʃaiə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a county 郡 2 (作 the Shires)  a  a group of English counties with names ending or formerly ending in -shire, extending NE from Hampshire and Devon 英国现在或以前郡名以 -shire 结尾的若干郡b  the midland counties of England 英格兰中部诸郡c  the fox-hunting district of mainly Leicestershire and Northants (主要位于英国列斯特郡和诺坦顿郡的)猎狐地区 3 Austral.  a rural area with its own elected council [澳] (有自选议会的)农村行政区 [Old English scīr, Old High German scīra ‘care, official charge’: origin unknown]

-shire /ʃə, ʃiə/ suffix  forming the names of counties (Derbyshire 德比郡 ; Hampshire 汉普郡) 构成郡名

shire county n. (in the UK) a non-metropolitan county (in existence since 1974) (英国的)非大都会郡(始于 1974 年)

shire-horse n.  a heavy powerful type of draught horse bred chiefly in the midland counties of England 夏尔马(产于英格兰中部诸郡，高大有力，用于拉车)

shirk /ʃɜ:k/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  shrink from; avoid; get out of (duty, work, responsibility, fighting, etc.) 退却；逃避(职守、工作、责任、战斗等) ●n.  a person who shirks (职守、责任、战斗等的)逃避者；溜号者 □ shirker  n.   [obsolete shirk ‘sponger’, perhaps from German Schurke ‘scoundrel’]

Shirley /ˈʃɜ:li/   雪莉 [人名]

shirr /ʃɜ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  two or more rows of esp. elastic gathered threads in a garment etc. forming smocking (尤指衣服上两行或几行可松紧的)抽褶 2  elastic webbing 松紧带 ●v. tr.  1  gather (material) with parallel threads 把(衣料)抽上褶子 2 US  bake (eggs) without shells [美]焙(去壳蛋) □ shirring  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

shirt /ʃɜ:t/ n.  1  a man's upper-body garment of cotton etc., having a collar, sleeves, and esp. buttons down the front, and often worn under a jacket or sweater (尤指有袖有领、前面有扣，通常穿在外衣或毛衣里的)男式衬衣 2  a similar garment worn by a woman; a blouse 女衬衣 3  = NIGHTSHIRT  □ keep one's shirt on  colloq.  keep one's temper [口]耐住性子；不发脾气□ lose one's shirt  colloq.  lose all one's possessions [口]失去所有财产□ put one's shirt on  Brit. colloq.  bet all one has on; be sure of [英口]用所有的财产打赌；把所有家当押上当赌注；确信□ the shirt off one's back  colloq.  one's last remaining possessions [口] (某人)最后剩余的财物□ shirted  adj.  □ shirting  n.  □ shirtless  adj.   [Old English scyrte, corresponding to Old Norse skyrta (cf. SKIRT), from Germanic: related to SHORT]

shirt blouse n.  = SHIRT 2 

shirt-dress n.  = SHIRTWAISTER 

shirt-front n.  the breast of a shirt, esp. of a stiffened evening shirt (尤指)衬衣的硬前胸

shirtsleeve /ˈʃɜ:tsli:v/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the sleeve of a shirt 衬衣袖子 □ in shirtsleeves   wearing a shirt with no jacket etc. over it 穿着衬衣(而外面未穿茄克等)

shirt-tail n.  the lower curved part of a shirt below the waist 衬衣下摆

shirtwaist /ˈʃɜ:tweist/ n. esp. US  a woman's blouse resembling a shirt [尤美] (仿男式衬衣的)女衬衫

shirtwaister /ˈʃɜ:tweistə, -ˈweistə/ n.  a woman's dress with a bodice like a shirt (上身像衬衣的)衬衣式连衣裙 [SHIRT, WAIST]

shirty /ˈʃɜ:ti/ adj. (shirtier, shirtiest) Brit. colloq.  angry; annoyed [英口]生气的；气恼的 □ shirtily  adv.  □ shirtiness  n.  

shish kebab /ʃiʃ kiˈbæb/ n.  a dish of pieces of marinated meat and vegetables cooked and served on skewers 烤肉串 [Turkish sis kebabi, from sis ‘skewer’, KEBAB ‘roast meat’]

shit /ʃit/ v., n. & int. coarse slang [粗俗俚语] ●v. (shitting; past and past part. shitted or shit or shat /ʃæt/) intr. & tr.  expel faeces from the body or cause (faeces etc.) to be expelled 拉屎，排便 ●n.  1  faeces 粪便 2  an act of defecating 拉屎，排便 3  a contemptible or worthless person or thing 讨厌的人，无用的人；一文不值的东西 4  rubbish; nonsense 废物；废话 5  an intoxicating drug, esp. cannabis 毒品；(尤指)大麻 ●int.  an exclamation of disgust, anger, etc. 呸；狗屁(表示厌恶、愤怒等) □ in the shit   in trouble; in a difficult situation 在困境中□ not give a shit   not care at all 毫不在乎□ up shit creek   in a predicament 处于尴尬境地 [Old English scitte (n.), from Germanic]

shitbag /ʃitbæɡ/ n. (also 亦作 shithead /-hed/) coarse slang  a contemptible or worthless person [粗俗俚语]可鄙的人；无用的人

shite /ʃait/ n. & int. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  = SHITn. & int. 

shithouse /ˈʃithaʊs/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  a lavatory 厕所 2  a contemptible place 污秽的地方

shitless /ˈʃitlis/ predic. adj. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]   □ be scared shitless   be extremely frightened 极度恐惧

shit-scared predic. adj. coarse slang  terrified [粗俗俚语]惊恐的

shitty /ˈʃiti/ adj. (shittier, shittiest) coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  disgusting, contemptible 令人厌恶的；令人鄙视的 2  covered with excrement 沾满污秽物的

Shiva var.  of SIVA  SIVA 的变体

shivaree esp. US var.  of CHARIVARI [尤美] CHARIVARI 的变体

shiver1 /ˈʃivə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  tremble with cold, fear, etc. (因寒冷、恐惧等)发抖，战栗，颤抖 2  suffer a quick trembling movement of the body; shudder 发抖；颤抖；战栗 ●n.  1  a momentary shivering movement 发抖；颤抖；战栗 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the)  an attack of shivering, esp. from fear or horror (尤指由于恐惧而产生的)战抖；战栗  got the shivers in the dark  在黑暗中颤抖 □ shiverer  n.  □ shiveringly  adv.  □ shivery  adj.   [Middle English chivere, perhaps from chavele ‘chatter’ (as JOWL1)]

shiver2 /ˈʃivə/ n. & v. ●n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  each of the small pieces into which esp. glass is shattered when broken; a splinter (尤指玻璃打碎时的)碎片 ●v. tr. & intr.  break into shivers 破碎，打碎 □ shiver my timbers   a reputed piratical curse 真见鬼 [Middle English scifre, related to Old High German scivaro ‘splinter’, from Germanic]

shivoo /ʃiˈvu:/ n. Austral. colloq.  a party or celebration [澳口]聚会；庆祝活动 [19th c. from earlier shiveau, of unknown origin]

shoal1 /ʃəʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a great number of fish swimming together (cf. 参见 SCHOOL2) 鱼群 2 esp. Brit.  a multitude; a crowd [尤英]大量；大批；大群  shoals of letters  大批的信件 ●v. intr. (of fish) form shoals (鱼)成群 [probably readoption of Middle Dutch schōle SCHOOL2]

shoal2 /ʃəʊl/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a  an area of shallow water 一片浅水b  a submerged sandbank visible at low water 浅滩；沙洲 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  hidden danger or difficulty 潜在的危险；潜在的困难 ●v.  1 intr. (of water) get shallower (水)变浅 2 tr. (of a ship etc.) move into a shallower part of (water) (船等)驶入浅水区 ●adj. archaic or Sc. & N. Amer. dial. [古义] [苏格兰和北美方] (of water) shallow (水)浅的 □ shoaly  adj.   [Old English sceald from Germanic: related to SHALLOW]

shoat /ʃəʊt/ n. US  a young pig, esp. newly weaned [美] (尤指初断奶的)小猪 [Middle English, of unknown origin: cf. West Flemish schote]

shock1 /ʃɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent collision, impact, tremor, etc. 冲击，撞击，震动 2  a sudden and disturbing effect on the emotions, physical reactions, etc. (情感、生理反应等上产生的)震惊，惊愕  the news was a great shock  这个消息使人感到极大的震惊 3  an acute state of prostration following a wound, pain, etc., esp. when much blood is lost (尤指严重失血后的)虚脱；休克  in shock  处于休克状态 4  = ELECTRIC SHOCK  5  a disturbance causing instability in an organization, monetary system, etc. (引起组织、货币系统等动荡的)骚乱；混乱 6 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SHOCK ABSORBER  ●v.  1 tr.  a  affect with shock; horrify; outrage; disgust; sadden 使震惊；使惊恐；使愤慨；使厌恶；使悲伤b (absol. [含宾])  cause shock 使震惊；使惊愕 2 tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  affect with an electric or pathological shock 用电击；使用休克疗法 3 intr.  experience shock 感到震惊；感到惊愕  I don't shock easily  我不轻易感到震惊 4 intr. archaic  collide violently [古义]猛撞 □ shockable  adj.  □ shockability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [French choc, choquer, of unknown origin]

shock2 /ʃɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  a group of usu. twelve corn-sheaves stood up with their heads together in a field (竖在田里顶部聚合的)玉米秸杆堆 ●v. tr.  arrange (corn) in shocks 把(玉米秸杆)扎成堆 [Middle English, perhaps from Old English]

shock3 /ʃɒk/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  an unkempt or shaggy mass of hair 蓬乱的一堆毛发 [cf. obsolete shock(-dog), earlier shough, ‘shaggy-haired poodle’]

shock absorber n.  a device on a vehicle etc. for absorbing shocks, vibrations, etc. (汽车等的)减震器；缓冲器

shock-brigade n.  a body of esp. voluntary workers in the former USSR engaged in an especially arduous task (尤指前苏联承担艰巨任务的)突击队

shock cord n.  1  heavy elasticated cord designed to absorb shock (粗壮有弹性的)减震绳 2  a length of this 一段减震绳

shocker /ˈʃɒkə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a shocking, horrifying, unacceptable, etc. person or thing 令人震惊(或令人害怕、令人无法接受)的人(或物) 2 hist.  a sordid or sensational novel etc. [史义]低劣(或煽情)的小说 3 Brit.  a shock absorber [英]减震器

shocking /ˈʃɒkiŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  causing indignation or disgust 令人震惊的；令人厌恶的 2 Brit. colloq.  very bad [英口]极其恶劣的  shocking weather  极其恶劣的天气 ●adv. colloq.  shockingly; extremely [口]极其  shocking bad manners  极其卑劣的举止 □ shockingly  adv.  □ shockingness  n.  

shocking pink n. & adj. ●n.  a vibrant shade of pink 艳粉红色 ●adj.  of this colour 艳粉红色的

shockproof /ˈʃɒkpru:f/ adj.  resistant to the effects of (esp. physical) shock (尤指物理方面)抗震的；防震的

shock stall n.  excessive strain produced by air resistance on an aircraft approaching the speed of sound (飞机接近音速时的)激波失速

shock tactics n. pl.  1  sudden and violent action 突击行动 2 Mil.  a massed cavalry charge 【军】大量骑兵的进攻

shock therapy n. (also 亦作 shock treatment) Psychol.  a method of treating depressive patients by electric shock or drugs inducing coma and convulsions 【心】(用电击或药品造成昏迷或惊厥的)休克疗法

shock troops n. pl.  troops specially trained for assault (受过专门训练的)突击部队

shock wave n.  a sharp change of pressure in a narrow region travelling through air etc. caused by explosion or by a body moving faster than sound (由爆炸或超音速物体所引起的)冲击波；激荡波

shock-workers n. pl.  = SHOCK-BRIGADE 

shod past and past part.  of SHOE 

shoddy /ˈʃɒdi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (shoddier, shoddiest)  1  trashy; shabby; poorly made 毫无价值的；破旧的；劣质的 2  counterfeit 假冒的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an inferior cloth made partly from the shredded fibre of old woollen cloth 旧毛绒织物b  such fibre 旧毛绒纤维 2  any thing of shoddy quality 劣品 □ shoddily  adv.  □ shoddiness  n.   [19th c.: originally dialect, origin unknown]

shoe /ʃu:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  either of a pair of protective foot-coverings of leather, plastic, etc., having a sturdy sole and not reaching above the ankle 鞋 2  a metal rim nailed to the hoof of a horse etc.; a horseshoe 马蹄铁；马掌 3  anything resembling a shoe in shape or use, esp. 形状(或用途)与鞋相似的东西，尤指 :a  a drag for a wheel (轮子的)制动蹄片b  = BRAKE SHOE c  a socket 托座d  a ferrule, esp. on a sledge-runner (尤指滑橇底部的)金属箍e  a step (for a mast) 柱脚；桩靴f  a box from which cards are dealt in casinos at baccarat etc. (巴卡拉牌戏的)发牌盒 ●v. tr. (shoes, shoeing; past and past part. shod /ʃɒd/)  1  fit (esp. a horse etc.) with a shoe or shoes (尤指给马等)上蹄铁 2  protect (the end of a pole etc.) with a metal shoe (给柱脚等)上金属箍 3 (as 作 shod adj.) (in comb. 用于复合词)  having shoes etc. of a specified kind 穿(某种)鞋  dry-shod  鞋袜未湿的 roughshod (马匹) 钉有防滑蹄铁的 □ be in a person's shoes   be in his or her situation, difficulty, etc. 处于某人的境况(或困境等)□ dead men's shoes   property or a position etc. coveted by a prospective successor (为继承者所垂涎的)死者的财产(或地位等)□ if the shoe fits  N. Amer. [北美]  = if the cap fits (see 见 CAP) □ where the shoe pinches   where one's difficulty or trouble is 困难(或麻烦)之所在□ shoeless  adj.   [Old English scōh, scōg(e)an, from Germanic]

shoebill /ˈʃu:bil/ n. (also 亦作 shoe-billed stork)  = WHALE-HEADED STORK 

shoeblack /ˈʃu:blæk/ n. esp. Brit.  a person who cleans the shoes of passers-by for payment [尤英] (为行人擦鞋挣钱的)擦鞋工

shoebox /ˈʃu:bɒks/ n.  1  a box for packing shoes 鞋盒 2 colloq.  a very small space or dwelling [口]狭小的空间(或居所)

shoe-buckle n.  a buckle worn as ornament or as a fastening on a shoe (用作装饰或绑带的)鞋扣

shoehorn /ˈʃu:hɔ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a curved piece of horn, metal, etc., for easing the heel into a shoe 鞋拔 ●v. tr.  force into an inadequate space 挤进，塞进

shoelace /ˈʃu:leis/ n.  a cord for lacing up shoes 鞋带

shoe leather n.  leather for shoes, esp. for the soles when worn through by walking (尤指用于修鞋用的)鞋革

shoemaker /ˈʃu:meikə/ n.  a maker of boots and shoes 制鞋匠；制靴匠 □ shoemaking  n.  

shoeshine /ˈʃu:ʃain/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a polish given to shoes [尤北美]擦皮鞋

shoestring /ˈʃu:striŋ/ n.  1  a shoelace 鞋带 2 colloq.  a small esp. inadequate amount of money [口] (尤指不足量的)小额资本  living on a shoestring  靠小本经营为生 3 (作 attrib.)  barely adequate; precarious 勉强够的；不确定的；  a shoestring majority  微弱多数

shoe-tree n.  a shaped block for keeping a shoe in shape when not worn 鞋楦(可使鞋在不穿时保持鞋型)

shofar /ˈʃəʊfə/ n. (pl. shofroth /ˈʃəʊfrəʊt/)  a ram's-horn trumpet used by Jews in religious ceremonies and as an ancient battle-signal 绍法(犹太人在宗教仪式或古时进行战斗时吹的号角) [Hebrew šôpɑˉr, pl. šôpɑˉrôt]

shogun /ˈʃəʊɡʊn/ n. hist.  any of a succession of hereditary commanders-in-chief in feudal Japan whose regime dominated Japanese polity from 1192 － 1867 [史义] (日本幕府时代的)将军 □ shogunate  /-nət/ n.   [Japanese, from Chinese jiang jun ‘general’]

shone past and past part.  of SHINE 

shonky /ˈʃɒŋki/ adj. & n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语] ●adj. (shonkier, shonkiest)  unreliable, dishonest 不可靠的；不诚实的 ●n. (also 亦作 shonk)  a person engaged in shady business activities 做非法生意的人 [perhaps English dialect shonk ‘smart’]

shoo /ʃu:/ int. & v. ●int.  an exclamation used to frighten away birds, children, etc. (用以吓走鸟、小孩等的)嘘(声) ●v. (shoos, shooed)  1 intr.  utter the word ‘shoo’ 发出嘘声 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away)  drive (birds etc.) away by shooing 用嘘声把(鸟等)轰走 [imitative]

shoo-in n. N. Amer.  something easy or certain to succeed [北美]稳操胜券的事；必然成功的事

shook1 /ʃʊk/ past of SHAKE; predic. adj. colloq. [口]  1 (foll. by 后跟 up)  emotionally or physically disturbed; upset 心绪不宁的；坐立不安的；烦躁的 2 (foll. by 后跟 on) Austral. & NZ  keen on; enthusiastic about [澳新]对…着迷；热心于  not too shook on the English climate  对英格兰的气候不太喜欢

shook2 /ʃʊk/ n. US  a set of staves and headings for a cask, ready for fitting together [美] (可装配成木桶的)一副板料 [18th c.: origin unknown]

shoot /ʃu:t/ v., n. & int. ●v. (past and past part. shot /ʃɒt/)  1 tr.  a  cause (a gun, bow, etc.) to fire 开枪；射箭b  discharge (a bullet, arrow, etc.) from a gun, bow, etc. 发射(子弹、箭等)c  kill or wound (a person, animal, etc.) with a bullet, arrow, etc. from a gun, bow, etc. (用子弹或箭等)射死，射伤 2 intr.  discharge a gun etc., esp. in a specified way (尤指以某种方式)开枪，射击  shoots well  准确地射击 3 tr.  send out, discharge, propel, etc., esp. violently or swiftly (尤指猛烈地或迅速地)发射；投射；抛出  shot out the contents  倾尽所有 shot a glance at his neighbour  迅速扫了他的邻居一眼 4 intr. (often foll. by 通常后跟 out, along, forth, etc.)  come or go swiftly or vigorously 飞驰；急冲 5 intr.  a (of a plant etc.) put forth buds etc. (植物等)吐芽；绽蕾b (of a bud etc.) appear (嫩芽、花蕾等)长出 6 intr.  a  hunt game etc. with a gun (用枪)打猎b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  shoot game over an estate etc. (在庄园等中)打猎 7 tr.  shoot game in or on (coverts, an estate, etc.) (在丛林、庄园等中)打猎 8 tr.  film or photograph (a scene, film, etc.) 拍照；摄影 9 esp. Football (尤)【足球】  a intr.  take a shot at the goal 射门b tr.  score (a goal) 射门得分 10 tr. (of a boat) sweep swiftly down or under (a bridge, rapids, falls, etc.) (船)迅速穿过(桥、急流、瀑布等) 11 tr.  move (a door bolt) to fasten or unfasten a door etc. (用门闩)闩门；(拔开门闩)开门 12 tr.  let (rubbish, a load, etc.) fall or slide from a container, lorry, etc. 倾倒(垃圾)；(把货物从汽车上)倾倒出 13 intr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through, up, etc.) (of a pain) pass with a stabbing sensation (疼痛)剧烈，刺痛b (of part of the body) be intermittently painful (身体部位)断续作疼 14 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  project abruptly 突出；伸入  the mountain shoots out against the sky  大山高耸入云 15 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) slang  inject esp. oneself with (a drug) [俚语] (尤指为自己)注射(毒品) 16 tr. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  a  play a game of (craps, pool, etc.) 玩(掷骰子、台球等)游戏b  throw (a die or dice) 掷(骰子) 17 tr. Golf colloq.  make (a specified score) for a round or hole 【高尔夫球】[口] (在一盘或一个球穴中)得分 18 tr. colloq.  pass (traffic lights at red) [口]闯红灯 19 tr.  plane (the edge of a board) accurately (把木板的边)刨精细 20 intr. Cricket (of a ball) dart along the ground after pitching 【板球】(球被击中后)近地低冲 21 intr. (in imper. 用于祈使句)  used to demand a reply, information, etc. 用于要求对方回答问题或提供信息等  I'm listening, shoot!  我在听，你说吧！ ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shooting 射击；发射 2  a  a young branch or sucker 芽；苗；新枝b  the new growth of a plant (植物)抽枝 3 Brit. [英]  a  a hunting party, expedition, etc. 射猎队；探险队b  land shot over for game 射猎场 4  = CHUTE1  5  a rapid in a stream 奔流；急流 ●int. N. Amer. slang euphem.  an exclamation of disgust, anger, etc. (see 见 SHIT) [北美] [俚语] [婉]呸(表示厌恶、气愤等) □ shoot ahead   come quickly to the front of competitors etc. 飞速前进；飞速超过□ shoot one's bolt   see 见 BOLT1 □ shoot down   1  kill (a person) by shooting 击毙(某人) 2  cause (an aircraft, its pilot, etc.) to crash by shooting 击落(飞机、飞行员等) 3  argue effectively against (a person, argument, etc.) 驳倒(某人或观点等)□ shoot it out  slang  engage in a decisive gun battle [俚语]用枪斗决胜负□ shoot a line  Brit. slang  talk pretentiously [英] [俚语]吹嘘；吹牛□ shoot one's mouth off  slang  talk too much or indiscreetly [俚语]信口开河；胡吹□ shoot through  Austral. & NZ slang  depart; escape, abscond [澳新] [俚语]离开；逃离□ shoot up   1  grow rapidly, esp. (of a person) grow taller (尤指人)迅速长高 2  rise suddenly 突然升起 3  terrorize (a district) by indiscriminate shooting (因胡乱打枪)使(某地区)惊恐 4 slang [俚语]  = sense 15 of v. □ the whole shoot  Brit. [英]  = the whole shooting match (see 见 SHOOTING) □ shootable  adj.   [Old English scēotan from Germanic: related to SHEET1, SHOT1, SHUT]

shooter /ˈʃu:tə/ n.  1  a person or thing that shoots 射击者；发射器 2  a (in comb. 用于复合词)  a gun or other device for shooting 枪；发射装置  pea-shooter  射豆玩具枪 six-shooter  六响手枪b slang  a pistol etc. [俚语]手枪(等) 3  a player who shoots or is able to shoot a goal in football, netball, etc. (足球、无挡板篮球等的)射手；射门得分者 4 Cricket  a ball that shoots 【板球】擦地球 5  a person who throws a die or dice 掷骰子者

shooting /ˈʃu:tiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shooting 射击；发射 2  a  the right of shooting over an area of land (在特定区内的)射猎权b  an estate etc. rented to shoot over 射猎场 ●adj.  moving, growing, etc. quickly 快速移动的；快速成长的  a shooting pain in the arm  胳膊上越来越剧烈的疼痛 □ the whole shooting match  colloq.  everything [口]所有；一切

shooting box n. Brit.  a lodge used by sportsmen in the shooting season [英] (狩猎者在狩猎季节住的)狩猎小屋

shooting brake n. (also 亦作 shooting break) Brit.  an estate car [英]旅行车；客货两用轿车

shooting coat n. (also 亦作 shooting jacket)  a coat designed to be worn when shooting game 打猎时穿的上衣

shooting gallery n.  a place used for shooting at targets with rifles etc. (使用步枪等射击的)打靶场

shooting iron n. esp. US colloq.  a firearm [尤美口]火器；手枪

shooting range n.  a ground with butts for rifle practice 射击场；打靶场

shooting star n.  a small meteor moving rapidly and burning up on entering the earth's atmosphere 流星

shooting stick n.  a walking stick with a handle that unfolds to form a seat (手柄可打开作为小凳的)折叠手杖

shooting war n.  a war in which there is shooting (opp. 反义 COLD WAR, WAR OF NERVES, etc.) 热战

shoot-out n. colloq. [口]  1  a decisive gun battle 枪战决斗 2 (in full 全称 penalty shoot-out) Football  a tie-breaker decided by each side taking a specified number of penalty shots 【足球】点球大战，点球决胜(以互相罚射点球来打破平局，决定孰胜孰负)

shop /ʃɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building, room, etc., for the retail sale of goods or services 商店；店铺  chemist's shop  药店 betting shop  彩票销售点 2 colloq.  an act of going shopping [口]购物  our big weekly shop  我们每周一次的大采购 3  a place in which manufacture or repairing is done; a workshop (制造或修理)车间  engineering shop  机械加工车间 4  a profession, trade, business, etc., esp. as a subject of conversation (尤指作为话题的)本行(业)  talk shop  谈论本行 5 colloq.  an institution, establishment, place of business, etc. [口]机构；公司 ●v. (shopped, shopping)  1 intr.  a  go to a shop or shops to buy goods 购物b US [美]  = WINDOW-SHOP  2 tr. esp. Brit. slang  inform against (a criminal etc.) [尤英] [俚语]告发(罪犯等) □ all over the shop  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  in disorder 零乱不堪  scattered all over the shop  撒得到处都是 2  in every place 到处；各处  looked for it all over the shop  到处寻找它 3  wildly 胡乱地；无目标地  hitting out all over the shop  四处乱打□ set up shop   establish oneself in business etc. (自己)开业□ shop around   look for the best bargain 极力寻找便宜货□ shopless  adj.  □ shoppy  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French eschoppe ‘booth’ from Middle Low German schoppe, Old High German scopf ‘porch’]

shopaholic /ʃɒpəˈhɒlik/ n. colloq.  a compulsive shopper [口]购物狂 [blend of SHOP + ALCOHOLIC]

shop assistant n. Brit.  a person who serves customers in a shop [英]店员

shop-bought adj.  bought in a shop as opposed to being home-made 从商店里买的(与自制的相对)

shop boy  see 见 SHOP GIRL 

shopfitter /ˈʃɒpfitə/ n.  a person whose job is fitting shops with counters, shelves, etc. 商店装修工(安装柜台、货架等) □ shopfitting  n.  

shop floor n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) Brit. [英]  1  workers in a factory etc. as distinct from management (相对于管理人员的)工人，职员 2  their area or place of work (工人或职员的)工作场所

shopfront /ˈʃɒpfrʌnt/ n.  the façade of a shop 店面，店堂

shop girl n. (also 亦作 shop boy)  an assistant in a shop 女店员

shopkeeper /ˈʃɒpki:pə/ n.  the owner and manager of a shop 店主；商店经理 □ shopkeeping  n.  

shoplifter /ˈʃɒpliftə/ n.  a person who steals goods while appearing to shop (貌似在商店购物实则行窃的)商店窃贼 □ shoplift  v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  □ shoplifting  n.  

shopman /ˈʃɒpmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Brit.  a shopkeeper or shop assistant [英]店主；店员 2  a workman in a repair shop (修理店中的)修理工

shopper /ˈʃɒpə/ n.  1  a person who makes purchases in a shop 购物者 2 Brit.  a shopping bag or trolley [英]购物袋；购物手推车 3  a small-wheeled bicycle with a basket (带篮筐的)小脚踏车 4 Brit. slang  an informer [英] [俚语]告密者

shopping /ˈʃɒpiŋ/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  the purchase of goods etc. 购物  shopping expedition  购物旅行 2  goods purchased 采购的商品  put the shopping on the table  把买来的东西放在桌上

shopping cart  see 见 CART n. 4 

shopping centre n.  an area or complex of shops, with associated facilities 购物中心

shop-soiled adj. Brit. [英]  1 (of an article) soiled or faded by display in a shop (商品由于长期陈列而)陈旧的 2 (of a person, idea, etc.) grubby; tarnished; no longer fresh or new (人、见解等)无新意的；陈旧的；不新鲜的

shop steward n.  a person elected by workers in a factory etc. to represent them in dealings with management (由工人推举代表他们与管理层协商事务的)工会代表

shop talk n.  talk about one's occupation or business 有关本行的谈话

shopwalker /ˈʃɒpwɔ:kə/ n. Brit.  an attendant in a large shop who directs customers, supervises assistants, etc. [英] (大商店中协助顾客、监督店员等的)店堂巡视员

shop window n.  1  a display window in a shop 商店橱窗 2  an opportunity for displaying skills, talents, etc. (展示技巧、才能等的)机会

shopworker /ˈʃɒpwɜ:kə/ n.  a person who works in a shop 店员

shopworn /ˈʃɒpwɔ:n/ adj. esp. US [尤美]  = SHOP-SOILED 

shoran /ˈʃɔ:ræn, ˈʃɒræn/ n.  a system of aircraft navigation using the return of two radar signals by two ground stations 肖兰系统，短程雷达导航系统 [short range navigation]

shore1 /ʃɔ:/ n.  1  the land that adjoins the sea or a large body of water (海、湖等的)滨；岸 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a country; a sea coast 国家；海岸  often visits these shores  经常拜访这些国家 on a distant shore  在一个遥远的海岸上 3 Law  land between ordinary high and low water marks 【法律】涨潮线与落潮线之间的地带 □ in shore   on the water near or nearer to the shore (cf. 参见 INSHORE) 近岸；靠岸□ on shore   ashore 在岸上□ shoreless  adj.  □ shoreward  adj. & adv.  □ shorewards  adv.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German schōre, perhaps related to SHEAR]

shore2 /ʃɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a prop or beam set obliquely against a ship, wall, tree, etc., as a support (船只、墙、树等的)支柱，撑柱 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  support with or as if with a shore or shores; hold up (用撑柱)顶撑，支撑 □ shoring  n.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German schōre ‘prop’, of unknown origin]

shore3  see 见 SHEAR 

shore-based adj.  operating from a base on shore 以海岸为基地的；以陆地为基地的

shorebird /ˈʃɔ:bɜ:d/ n.  a bird which frequents the shore, esp. N. Amer. a wader of the order Charadriiformes 水鸟；滨鸟；[尤北美]涉禽

shore leave n. Naut. 【海】  1  permission to go ashore 登岸许可 2  a period of time ashore 登岸休假期

shoreline /ˈʃɔ:lain/ n.  the line along which a stretch of water, esp. a sea or lake, meets the shore 海岸线；湖滨线

shoreweed /ˈʃɔ:wi:d/ n.  a stoloniferous plant, Littorella uniflora, growing in shallow water (浅水)水草

shorn past part.  of SHEAR  

short /ʃɔ:t/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  measuring little; not long from end to end 短的；近的  a short distance  近距离b  not long in duration (时间)短期的  a short time ago  不久前 had a short life  度过了短暂的一生c  seeming less than the stated amount (感觉)短的；短暂的  a few short years of happiness  短暂的几年幸福 2  of small height; not tall 矮的；低的  a short square tower  低矮的方塔 was shorter than average  矮于一般身材 3  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, (colloq. [口]) on)  having a partial or total lack; deficient; scanty 不足的；短缺的  short of spoons  缺少汤匙 is rather short on sense  非常缺乏判断力b  not far-reaching; acting or being near at hand 不远的；近旁的  within short range  在近距离内 4  a  concise; brief 简明的；简短的  kept his speech short  使他的发言简短b  curt; uncivil 唐突的；简慢的  was short with her  对她唐突无礼 5 (of the memory) unable to remember distant events 记忆力差的 6 Phonet. & Prosody  of a vowel or syllable 【语音】【诗体】(元音或音节):a  having the lesser of the two recognized durations (与另一个音相比发音时间)短的b (of a vowel) categorized as short with regard to quality and length (cf. 参见 LONG1 adj. 8) (元音在音质和音长方面)短的 7  a (of pastry) crumbling; not holding together (糕点)松脆的b (of clay) having poor plasticity (土)黏性差的 8 esp. Stock Exch. (尤)【股】  a (of stocks, a stockbroker, crops, etc.) sold or selling when the amount is not in hand, with reliance on getting the deficit in time for delivery (证券、证券经纪人、粮食等)卖空的；空头交易的b (of a bill of exchange) maturing at an early date (汇票)即将到期的 9 Cricket 【板球】  a (of a ball) pitching relatively near the bowler (球)投在投球手近处的b (of a fielding position) relatively near the batsman (外场员)在击球手近处的 10 Brit. (of a drink of spirits) undiluted (see also 另见 SHORT DRINK) [英] (酒)未搀水的 ●adv.  1  before the natural or expected time or place; abruptly 未达到预定时间(或地点)地；突然地  pulled up short  突然停止 cut short the celebrations  突然中止了庆祝活动 2  rudely; uncivilly 粗鲁地；无礼地  spoke to him short  粗鲁地对他讲话 ●n.  1 Brit. colloq. [英口]  = SHORT DRINK  2  a short circuit 短路 3  a short film 电影短片 4 Stock Exch. 【股】  a  a person who sells short 卖空者b (in pl. 用复数)  short-dated stocks 短期证券 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a mixture of bran and coarse flour 细麸粉 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  short-circuit 短路 □ be caught (or Brit. [英] taken) short   1  be put at a disadvantage 被置于不利地位 2 Brit. colloq.  urgently need to urinate or defecate [英口]尿急；便急□ bring up (or pull up) short   check or pause abruptly 使突然停止□ come short   be inadequate or disappointing 不够；使人失望□ come short of   fail to reach or amount to 未能达到□ for short   as a short name 作为简称  Tom for short  简称为 Tom□ get (or have) by the short and curlies  colloq.  be in complete control of (a person) [口]使(某人)就范；完全控制(某人)□ go short  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not have enough 缺乏□ in short   to use few words; briefly 简言之；总之□ in short order  US  immediately, rapidly [美]立即；马上□ in the short run   over a short period of time 短期内□ in short supply   scarce 缺乏□ in the short term   = in the short run □ make short work of   accomplish, dispose of, destroy, consume, etc. quickly 迅速完成，迅速处理，迅速毁灭，迅速消耗□ short and sweet  esp. iron.  brief and pleasant [尤讽]既简短又动听□ short for   an abbreviation for 是…的缩略式  ‘Bob’ is short for ‘Robert’  Bob 是 Robert 的缩略式□ short of   1  see sense 3a of adj. 见形容词释义 3a 2  less than 少于；不及  nothing short of a miracle  简直就是个奇迹 3  distant from; before reaching 距离  two miles short of home  离家还有两英里 4  without going so far as; except 几乎，差一点；除…之外  did everything short of destroying it  差点就毁掉它□ short of breath   panting, short-winded 气喘嘘嘘；呼吸急促□ short on  colloq. [口]  see sense 3a of adj. 见形容词释义 3a□ shortish  adj.  □ shortness  n.   [Old English sceort from Germanic: related to SHIRT, SKIRT]

shortage /ˈʃɔ:tidʒ/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a deficiency; an amount lacking 缺少；不足  a shortage of 100 tons  缺少 100 吨

short-arm adj. (of a blow etc.) delivered with the arm not fully extended (打击等)用弯臂发出的

short back and sides n. Brit.  a haircut in which the hair is cut short at the back and the sides [英] (脑后和两侧剪短的)盖式发型

shortbread /ˈʃɔ:tbred/ n.  a crisp rich crumbly type of biscuit made with butter, flour, and sugar (用黄油、面粉和糖做成的)白脱甜酥饼

shortcake /ˈʃɔ:tkeik/ n.  1  = SHORTBREAD  2  a cake made of short pastry and filled with fruit and cream 水果酥饼

short change n. & v. ●n.  insufficient money given as change (少找给的)零钱 ●v. tr. (作 short-change)  rob or cheat by giving short change (故意)少找零钱

short circuit n. & v. ●n.  an electric circuit through small resistance, esp. instead of the resistance of a normal circuit (电路的)短路 ●v. (作 short-circuit)  1 intr. & tr.  cause a short circuit; cause a short circuit in 引起短路 2 tr.  shorten or avoid (a journey, work, etc.) by taking a more direct route etc. 抄近路；走捷径

shortcoming /ˈʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ/ n.  failure to come up to a standard; a defect 缺点；弱点

short commons n. pl. Brit.  insufficient food [英]缺少食品，缺粮

shortcrust /ˈʃɔ:tkrʌst/ n. (in full 全称 shortcrust pastry) Brit.  a type of crumbly pastry made with flour, fat, and a little water [英]松脆糕点

short cut n.  1  a route shortening the distance travelled 近路，捷径 2  a quick way of accomplishing something (完成某事的)快捷方法

short date n.  an early date for the maturing of a bill etc. (票据等的)短期

short-dated adj.  due for early payment or redemption (支付或偿还)短期的

short-day adj. (of a plant) needing the period of light each day to fall below some limit to cause flowering (植物)短日照的

short division n. Math.  division in which the quotient is written directly without being worked out in writing 【数】捷除法，短除法

short drink n. Brit.  a strong alcoholic drink served in small measures [英]小杯烈酒

short-eared owl n.  a migratory owl, Asio flammeus, frequenting open country and often hunting by day 短耳猫头鹰(一种候鸟，经常出现在空旷的乡村，通常在白天猎食)

shorten /ˈʃɔ:t(ə)n/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  become or make shorter or short; curtail 缩短；弄短 2 tr. Naut.  reduce the amount of (sail spread) 【海】收(帆) 3 intr. & tr. (with reference to gambling odds, prices, etc.) become or make shorter; decrease (赌博胜率、价格等)减少，下降

shortening /ˈʃɔ:t(ə)niŋ/ n.  fat used for making pastry, esp. for making short pastry (做松脆糕点用的)起酥油

shortfall /ˈʃɔ:tfɔ:l/ n.  a shortage or deficit 缺乏；不足

short fuse n. colloq.  a quick temper [口]火爆脾气，急性子

short game n. Golf  approaching and putting 【高尔夫球】近距离击球

shorthair /ˈʃɔ:thɛə/ n.  1  a breed of short-haired cat 短毛猫品种 2  a cat of a short-haired breed 短毛猫

shorthand /ˈʃɔ:thænd/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a method of rapid writing in abbreviations and symbols esp. for taking dictation 速记法 2  an abbreviated or symbolic mode of expression 速记

short-handed adj.  undermanned or understaffed 人手短缺的

shorthand typist n. Brit.  a typist qualified to take and transcribe shorthand [英]速记员

short haul n.  1  the transport of goods over a short distance 短程运输 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : short-haul routes  短程运输线路 2  a short-term effort 短期努力

short head n. & v. Brit. Racing [英]【赛马】  ●n.  a distance less than the length of a horse's head 不到一个马头的距离 ●v. tr. (作 short-head)  beat by a short head (以不到一个马头的差距)胜出

shorthold /ˈʃɔ:thəʊld/ adj. (of a tenancy or lease) whereby a tenant agrees to rent a property for a short fixed term, at the end of which the landlord may recover it (租赁或租约)短期的

shorthorn /ˈʃɔ:thɔ:n/ n.  1  an animal of a breed of cattle with short horns 短角牛 2  this breed 短角牛品种

short hundredweight  see 见 HUNDREDWEIGHT 3 

shortie var.  of SHORTY  SHORTY 的变体

short leet n. & v. esp. Sc. [尤苏格兰]  = SHORTLIST 

shortlist /ˈʃɔ:tlist/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of selected candidates from which a final choice is made 最终候选名单 ●v. tr.  put on a shortlist 列入最终候选名单

short-lived adj.  ephemeral; not long-lasting 短命的；短暂的

shortly /ˈʃɔ:tli/ adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 before, after)  before long; soon 马上；不久  will arrive shortly  马上就会到达 arrived shortly after him  在他之后不久到达 2  in a few words; briefly 简短地；扼要地 3  curtly 唐突地 [Old English scortlice (as SHORT, -LY2)]

short mark n.  = BREVE 2 

short measure n.  less than the professed amount 分量不足

short metre n. Prosody  a hymn stanza of four lines with 6, 6, 8, and 6 syllables 【诗体】短韵律(每诗节 4 行，分别含有 6 、 6 、 8 、 6 个音节)

short notice n.  a small, esp. insufficient, length of warning time 突如其来，令人措手不及

short odds n. pl.  nearly equal stakes or chances in betting (打赌时)几乎相等的赌注(或机会)

short order n. N. Amer.  an order for quickly cooked food [北美]快餐 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : short-order chef  快餐厨师

short-pitched adj. Cricket (of a ball) pitching relatively near the bowler 【板球】(球)投得(离投球手)近的

short-range adj.  1  having a short range 短程的，近程的 2  relating to a fairly immediate future time 近期的  short-range possibilities  近期的可能性

short rib n. Brit. [英]  = FLOATING RIB 

shorts /ʃɔ:ts/ n. pl.  1  trousers reaching only to the knees or higher 短裤 2 US  underpants [美]内裤

short score n. Mus.  a score in which the parts are condensed on to a small number of staves 【音】简略的乐谱

short shrift n.  1  curt treatment 唐突无礼的对待 2 archaic  little time between condemnation and execution or punishment [古义] (从宣判到行刑间的)短暂时间

short sight n.  the inability to focus except on comparatively near objects 近视

short-sighted adj.  1  having short sight 近视的 2  lacking imagination or foresight 目光短浅的 □ short-sightedly  adv.  □ short-sightedness  n.  

short-sleeved adj.  with sleeves not reaching below the elbow 短袖的

short-staffed adj.  having insufficient staff 人手短缺的

shortstop /ˈʃɔ:tstɒp/ n.  a baseball fielder between second and third base (棒球比赛中处于第二垒和第三垒之间的)游击手

short story n.  a story with a fully developed theme but shorter than a novel 短篇小说

short suit n. Cards  a suit of which a player has fewer than four cards 【牌戏】(一种花色少于四张的)短套

short temper n.  a tendency to lose one's temper quickly 急脾气；暴躁脾气 □ short-tempered  adj.  

short-term adj.  occurring in or relating to a short period of time 短期的

short-termism n.  concentration on short-term projects etc. for immediate profit at the expense of long-term security 短期至上主义(仅顾眼前利益而牺牲长远安全)

short time n.  the condition of working fewer than the regular hours per day or days per week (每天或每周少于正常工作时间的)短工时，不足的工时

short title n.  an abbreviated form of a title of a book etc. (书等的)简明目录

short ton  see 见 TON1 2 

short view n.  a consideration of the present only, not the future 短浅的目光

short waist n.  1  a high or shallow waist of a dress (衣裙的)高腰身，窄腰身 2  a short upper body 短上身

short wave n.  a radio wave of frequency greater than 3 MHz 短波(频率高于 3 兆赫的无线电波)

short weight n.  weight less than it is alleged to be 重量短缺；缺斤短两

short whist n.  whist with ten or five points to a game (以五或十分为一局的)短惠斯特牌戏

short wind n.  breathing power that is quickly exhausted 气短；气促

short-winded adj.  1  having short wind 气短的；气促的 2  incapable of sustained effort 不连贯的；不连续的

shorty /ˈʃɔ:ti/ n. (also 亦作 shortie) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a person shorter than average 矮个子 2  a short garment, esp. a nightdress or raincoat 短衣服(尤指睡衣或雨衣)

shot1 /ʃɒt/ n.  1  the act or an instance of firing a gun, cannon, etc. 开枪；开炮  several shots were heard  听到几声枪响 2  an attempt to hit by shooting or throwing etc. 射击；投掷  took a shot at him  朝他开了一枪 3  a  a single non-explosive missile for a cannon, gun, etc. (枪、炮等的)子弹，炮弹b (pl. same 单复同 or shots)  a small lead pellet used in quantity in a single charge or cartridge in a shotgun (猎枪用的)铅砂弹c (treated as pl. 看作复数)  these collectively (总称)子弹；炮弹 4  a  a photograph 照片b  a film sequence photographed continuously by one camera 一段镜头；一段影片 5  a  a stroke; a kick in a ball game 一击；(球类游戏中的)一脚，一踢b  a kick etc. made with the aim of scoring 射门c colloq.  an attempt to guess or do something [口]猜测；尝试  let him have a shot at it  让他试试做一下 6 colloq.  a person having a specified skill with a gun etc. [口]射手  is not a good shot  不是个好射手 7  a heavy ball thrown by a shot-putter 铅球 8  the launch of a space rocket 太空火箭的发射  a moonshot  向月球发射火箭 9  the range, reach, or distance to or at which a thing will carry or act 射程；范围  out of earshot  听不见 10  a remark aimed at a person (针对某人)的评论 11 colloq. [口]  a  a drink of esp. spirits (尤指)一杯烈性酒b  an injection of a drug, vaccine, etc. (麻醉品、疫苗等的)注射  has had his shots  他已注射过疫苗 □ like a shot  colloq.  without hesitation; willingly [口]毫不迟疑；乐意地□ make a bad shot   guess wrong 猜错□ not a shot in one's (or the) locker  Brit. [英]  1  no money left 分文不剩 2  not a chance left 毫无机会□ shot across the bows   see 见 BOW3 □ shot in the arm  colloq. [口]  1  stimulus or encouragement 刺激；鼓励 2 Brit.  an alcoholic drink [英]一杯烈性酒□ shot in the dark   a mere guess 无根据的猜测□ shotproof  adj.   [Old English sc(e)ot, gesc(e)ot, from Germanic]

shot2 /ʃɒt/ past and past part. of SHOOT; adj.  1 (of coloured material) woven so as to show different colours at different angles (彩色材料)织成杂色织物的 2 colloq. [口]  a  exhausted; finished; ruined 筋疲力尽的；完结的；破旧的b  drunk 喝醉的 3 (of a board-edge) accurately planed (木板边缘)刨得精细的 □ be (or get) shot of  Brit. slang  be (or get) rid of [英] [俚语]摆脱；除去□ shot through   permeated or suffused 充满 [past part. of SHOOT]

shot3 /ʃɒt/ n. Brit. colloq.  a reckoning, a bill, esp. at an inn etc. [英口] (尤指小客店的)账单  paid his shot  付清了他的账单 [Middle English, = SHOT1: cf. Old English scēotan ‘shoot, pay, contribute’, and SCOT]

shot-blasting n.  the cleaning of metal etc. by the impact of a stream of shot (金属等的)喷砂清洁 □ shot-blast  v. tr.  

shot-firer n.  a person who fires a blasting-charge in a mine etc. 点炮工；爆破工

shotgun /ˈʃɒtɡʌn/ n.  a smooth-bore gun for firing small shot at short range 猎枪；滑膛枪

shotgun marriage n. (also 亦作 shotgun wedding) colloq.  an enforced or hurried wedding, esp. because of the bride's pregnancy [口] (尤指由于新娘已有身孕的)逼迫结婚；仓促结婚

shot-put n.  an athletic contest in which a shot is thrown a great distance 推铅球，掷铅球 □ shot-putter  n.  

shotten herring /ˈʃɒt(ə)n/ n.  1  a herring that has spawned 已产卵的鲱鱼 2 archaic  a weakened or dispirited person [古义]衰弱的人；无精打采的人 [Middle English, archaic past part. of SHOOT]

shot-tower n. hist.  a tower in which shot was made from molten lead poured through sieves at the top and falling into water at the bottom [史义] (采用滴融铅入水的)弹丸制造塔

should /ʃʊd/ v. aux. (3rd sing. should) past of SHALL, used esp. 尤用于 :  1  in reported speech, esp. with the reported element in the 1st person 尤在第一人称作为间接成分的间接引语中  I said I should be home by evening  我说过我晚上到家 2  a  to express a duty, obligation, or likelihood; = OUGHT1 表示职责、义务或可能性  I should tell you  我应该告诉你 you should have been more careful  你本应更仔细些 they should have arrived by now  现在他们应该到达了b (in the 1st person) to express a tentative suggestion (用于第一人称)表示试探性建议  I should like to say something  我想说点什么 3  a  expressing the conditional mood in the 1st person (cf. 参见 WOULD) 用于第一人称的条件句中  I should have been killed if I had gone  如果我去了，我可能已经没命了b  forming a conditional protasis or indefinite clause 构成条件从句或不定从句  if you should see him  如果你见到他 should they arrive, tell them where to go  如果他们来了，告诉他们要去的地方 4  expressing purpose = MAY, MIGHT1 表示目的  in order that we should not worry  为了使我们不必担忧■Usage 用法说明 Should and would are used in reported speech (see sense 1 above), and in forming the conditional mood (see sense 3a above) As with shall and will, there is much confusion as to when to use should and would. The traditional rule in standard British English is that should is used for the first person singular and plural (I and we), and would with the second and third persons (you, he, she, it, they). Examples are I said I should be late; you said you would be late (reported speech); I should have given it to her if I had seen her; they would have laughed if they had seen us (conditional). However, would is now more often used with I and we than should, i.e. I said I would be late; I would have given it to her if I had seen her, in order to avoid the sense of obligation or duty implied by should (see sense 2a above). In senses 2a, 3b, and 4 should and not would is used with all the persons. should 和 would 可用于间接引语(见以上释义 1) ，还可用于构成条件式(见以上释义 3a) 。与 shall 和 will 一样，何时用 should 或 would 也颇令人困惑。标准英国英语的传统规则是 : should 用于第一人称的单复数 (I 与 we) ， would 用于第二和第三人称的单复数 (you ， he ， she ， it ， they) 。例如 I said I should be late; you said you would be late (我说过我会迟到的；你说过你会迟到的) (间接引语)； I should have given it to her if I had seen her; they would have laughed if they had seen us (如果当时我能见到她，我就把它给她了；如果当时他们看到我们，他们会笑的) (条件句)。但是，如今 would 比 should 更常用于 I 和 we 了，即 I said I would be late; I would have given it to her if I had seen her (我说过我会迟到的；如果当时我见到她，我就把它给她了)。这样用可避免 should 所暗示的“义务或责任”的含义(见以上释义 2a) 。在释义 2a 、释义 3b 和释义 4 中， should (而不是 would) 可用于所有的人称。 

shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the part of the body at which the arm, foreleg, or wing is attached 肩，肩膀b (in full 全称 shoulder joint)  the end of the upper arm joining with the collarbone and blade-bone 肩关节c  either of the two projections below the neck from which the arms hang 肩胛 2  the upper foreleg and shoulder blade of a pig, lamb, etc. when butchered (猪、羊等的)带肩肉，前腿肉 3 (often in pl. 常用复数)  a  the upper part of the back and arms 上背部b  this part of the body regarded as capable of bearing a burden or blame, providing comfort, etc. (担当责任或抱怨、提供慰藉等的)肩膀  needs a shoulder to cry on  需要一个可以伏在上面哭泣的肩膀 4  a strip of land next to a metalled road (道路两侧的)路肩  pulled over on to the shoulder  停在路肩上 5  a part of a garment covering the shoulder (衣服的)肩部 6  a part of anything resembling a shoulder in form or function, as in a bottle, mountain, tool, etc. (形状或功能)类似肩膀的事物(如瓶肩、山肩等) ●v.  1  a tr.  push with the shoulder; jostle 用肩推，用肩挤b intr.  make one's way by jostling 用肩推挤着前行  shouldered through the crowd  用肩推挤着穿过人群 2 tr.  take (a burden etc.) on one's shoulders 肩负(重担等)  shouldered the family's problems  肩负起家庭的困难 □ put (or set) one's shoulder to the wheel   set to work vigorously 干劲十足地工作□ shoulder arms   hold a rifle with the barrel against the shoulder and the butt in the hand 用肩扛枪□ shoulder to shoulder   1  side by side 肩并肩地 2  with closed ranks or united effort 齐心协力地□ shouldered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English sculdor, from West Germanic]

shoulder bag n.  a bag, esp. a woman's handbag, that can be hung from the shoulder (尤指有肩带的)女用手提包

shoulder-belt n.  a bandolier or other strap passing over one shoulder and under the opposite arm (从肩上和胸部斜穿的)武装带；子弹带

shoulder blade n. Anat.  either of the large flat bones of the upper back; the scapula 【解】肩胛骨

shoulder-high adj. & adv.  up to or as high as the shoulders 齐肩高的(地)

shoulder holster n.  a gun holster worn in the armpit 腋下枪套

shoulder joint  see 见 SHOULDER n. 1b. 

shoulder-knot n.  a knot of ribbon, metal, lace, etc. worn as part of a ceremonial dress (礼服上的)肩饰

shoulder-length adj. (of hair etc.) reaching to the shoulders (头发等)齐肩的

shoulder loop n. US  the shoulder strap of an army, air force, or marines officer [美] (陆军、空军、海军陆战队军官的)肩章

shoulder mark n. US  the shoulder strap of a naval officer [美] (海军军官的)肩章

shoulder note n. Printing  a marginal note at the top of a page 【印刷】肩注(位于书页上方的边注)

shoulder-of-mutton sail n.  = LEG-OF-MUTTON SAIL 

shoulder pad n.  a pad sewn into a garment to bulk out the shoulder 垫肩

shoulder strap n.  1  a strip of cloth going over the shoulder from front to back of a garment (衣服的)背带，肩带 2  a strap suspending a bag etc. from the shoulder (包等的)背带 3  a strip of cloth from shoulder to collar on a military uniform bearing a symbol of rank etc. (军服上表示军衔等的)肩章 4  a similar strip on a raincoat 雨衣上的肩带

shouldn't /ˈʃʊd(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  should not 

shout /ʃaʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a loud cry or vocal sound; speak loudly 呼喊；叫喊；大喊  shouted for attention  大声喊以引起注意 2 tr.  say or express loudly; call out 叫出；喊出  shouted that the coast was clear  大喊海岸已清晰可见 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Austral. & NZ colloq.  treat (another person) to drinks etc. [澳新口]请(人)喝酒(等) ●n.  1  a loud cry expressing joy etc. or calling attention 大叫，大喊(表示兴奋等或引人注意) 2 Brit. colloq.  one's turn to order and pay for a round of drinks etc. [英口]轮到(某人)请客  your shout I think  我想轮到你请客了 □ all over bar (or but) the shouting  colloq.  the contest is virtually decided [口]胜负已定；胜负已决□ shout at   speak loudly to etc. 对…大声喊叫□ shout down   reduce to silence by shouting 大喊使…安静下来□ shout for   call for by shouting 大喊(叫人来)□ shouter  n.   [Middle English, perhaps related to SHOOT: cf. Old Norse skúta ‘a taunt’, SCOUT2]

shout-up n. Brit. colloq.  a noisy argument [英口]争吵

shove /ʃʌv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  push vigorously; move by hard or rough pushing 推；挤；撞  shoved him out of the way  把他猛推到一旁 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, past, through, etc.)  make one's way by pushing 连推带挤地穿过  shoved through the crowd  连推带挤地穿过人群 3 tr. colloq.  put somewhere [口]放置  shoved it in the drawer  把它放进抽屉里 ●n.  an act of shoving or of prompting a person into action 推；挤；撞 □ shove off   1  start from the shore in a boat 推船离岸 2 slang  depart; go away [俚语]离开  told him to shove off  叫他离开 [Old English scūfan, from Germanic]

shove-halfpenny n.  a form of shovelboard played with coins etc. on a table esp. in licensed premises (尤指在许可经营的场所内用硬币等在游戏台板上玩的)打硬币游戏

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a spadelike tool for shifting quantities of coal, earth, etc., esp. having the sides curved upwards (尤指两边向上卷起的)铲；铁锹b  the amount contained in a shovel; a shovelful 一铲的量；一铁锹的量 2  a machine or part of a machine having a similar form or function 铲状机器；铲状机器部件 ●v. tr. (shovelled, shovelling; US [美] shoveled, shoveling)  1  shift or clear (coal etc.) with or as if with a shovel (用铁铲)铲起(煤等) 2 colloq.  move (esp. food) in large quantities or roughly [口] (尤指食物)大量填入；胡乱塞入  shovelled peas into his mouth  将大把豆子填进他的嘴里 □ shovelful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English scofl from Germanic: related to SHOVE]

shovelboard /ˈʃʌv(ə)lbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a game played esp. on a ship's deck by pushing discs with the hand or with a long-handled shovel over a marked surface [英] (尤指在甲板上玩的)推盘游戏 [earlier shoveboard, from SHOVE + BOARD]

shovel hat n.  a broad-brimmed hat esp. worn by some clergymen (尤指某些牧师戴的)铲形宽边帽

shovelhead /ˈʃʌv(ə)lhed/ n.  = BONNETHEAD 

shoveller /ˈʃʌv(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] shoveler)  1  a person or thing that shovels 用铲的人；铲具 2 (usu. 通常作 shoveler)  a duck, Anas clypeata, with a broad shovel-like beak 琵嘴鸭(嘴呈铲状) [SHOVEL: sense 2 earlier shovelard (see -ARD), perhaps influenced by mallard]

show /ʃəʊ/ v. & n. ●v. (past part. shown /ʃəʊn/ or showed)  1 intr. & tr.  be, or allow or cause to be, visible; manifest; appear 显示；显现；显露；出现  the buds are beginning to show  花蕾开始出现 white shows the dirt  白色不耐脏 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  offer, exhibit, or produce (a thing) for scrutiny etc. 出示；展示  show your tickets please  请出示您的票 showed him my poems  给他看我的诗 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, towards)  demonstrate (kindness, rudeness, etc.) to a person 表现，显出(和善、粗鲁等)  showed respect towards him  表现出对他的尊敬 showed him no mercy  对他不怜悯 4 intr. (of feelings etc.) be manifest (感情等)显露  his dislike shows  他的不悦表露了出来 5 tr.  a  point out; prove 指出；证明  has shown it to be false  已经证明它是错的 showed that he knew the answer  证明他知道答案b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 how to + infin.)  cause (a person) to understand or be capable of doing 教；指导  showed them how to knit  教他们怎样编织 6 tr. (作 refl.)  a  exhibit oneself as being 表明自己是…  showed herself a generous host  表明她自己是个慷慨的女主人b (foll. by 后跟 to be)  exhibit oneself to be 表明自己是…  showed herself to be fair  表明她自己是公正的 7 tr. & intr. (with reference to a film) be presented or cause to be presented (电影)放映 8 tr.  exhibit (a picture, animal, flower, etc.) in a show 展示(图画、动物、花卉等)，展览 9 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out, up, etc.)  conduct or lead 带领；引导  showed them to their rooms  领着他们去各自的房间 10 intr.  = show up 3  waited but he didn't show  等着他但他没有出现  11 intr. N. Amer.  finish third or in the first three in a race [北美] (在赛马中)名列第三；排在前三名 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of showing; the state of being shown 显示；显现；显露；出现 2  a  a spectacle, display, exhibition, etc. 景象；展示；展览  a fine show of blossom  非常棒的花展b  a collection of things etc. shown for public entertainment or in competition (供大众娱乐或竞赛性的)展出；展览  dog show  狗展 flower show  花展 3  a  a play etc., esp. a musical (尤指音乐剧的)演出b  a light entertainment programme on television etc. (电视等上的)娱乐节目c  any public entertainment or performance 大众娱乐；演出 4  a  an outward appearance, semblance, or display 外表；表面  made a show of agreeing  表面上好像是同意 a show of strength  貌似有力b  empty appearance; mere display 表象；做样子  did it for show  做那件事仅仅是做样子 that's all show  那全是做样子 5 colloq.  an undertaking, business, etc. [口]事业；业务  sold the whole show  把整个业务都卖了 6 esp. Brit. colloq.  an opportunity of acting, defending oneself, etc. [尤英口]表现的机会；辩白的机会  gave him a fair show  给他一个公平的辩白机会 made a good show of it  很好地表现了一番 7 Med.  a discharge of blood etc. from the vagina at the onset of childbirth 【医】(分娩前)见红；流血 □ give the show (or whole show) away   demonstrate the inadequacies or reveal the truth 暴露弱点；泄露真实情况□ good (or bad or poor) show!  esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  that was well (or badly) done 干得好(或干得糟) 2  that was lucky (or unlucky) 真走运(或真不走运)□ nothing to show for   no visible result of (effort etc.) 无成就可言□ on show   being exhibited 在展出中□ show one's cards   = show one's hand □ show cause  Law  allege with justification 【法律】提出表示异议的理由□ show a person etc. a clean pair of heels  colloq.  retreat speedily from a person etc.; run away [口]迅速逃离(某人等)□ show one's colours   make one's opinion clear 清楚地表明自己的意见□ show a person the door   dismiss or eject a person 解雇，赶走(某人)□ show one's face   make an appearance; let oneself be seen 露面；出现□ show fight   be persistent or belligerent 坚持不懈；好战□ show the flag   see 见 FLAG1 □ show forth  archaic  exhibit; expound [古义]展示；阐述□ show one's hand   1  disclose one's plans 透露自己的计划 2  reveal one's cards 摊牌□ show in   see sense 9 of v. 见动词释义 9□ show a leg  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  get out of bed 下床 2  make one's appearance 露面□ show off   1  display to advantage 炫示；炫耀 2 colloq.  act pretentiously; display one's wealth, knowledge, etc. [口]夸耀(财富等)；卖弄(知识等)□ show oneself   1  be seen in public 公开露面 2  see sense 6 of v. 见动词释义 6□ show out   see sense 9 of v. 见动词释义 9□ show round (US [美] around)   take (a person) to places of interest; act as guide for (a person) in a building etc. 带领(某人)参观□ show one's teeth  Brit.  reveal one's strength; be aggressive [英]威吓；吓唬□ show through   1  be visible through a covering 显露 2 (of real feelings etc.) be revealed inadvertently (真实感情等)流露□ show up   1  make or be conspicuous or clearly visible 使显而易见；使醒目 2  expose (a fraud, impostor, inferiority, etc.) 揭露；揭发 3 colloq.  appear; be present; arrive [口]出现；到场 4 colloq.  embarrass or humiliate [口]使难堪；使蒙羞  don't show me up by wearing jeans  不要穿牛仔服使我难堪□ show the way   1  indicate what has to be done etc. by attempting it first 做示范 2  show others which way to go etc. 指导；指点□ show the white feather  Brit.  appear cowardly (see also 亦见 WHITE FEATHER) [英]显出懦弱，露怯□ show willing   display a willingness to help etc. 表现出乐意(帮助等) [Old English scēawian, from West Germanic]

showband /ˈʃəʊbænd/ n.  1  a jazz band which performs with verve and theatrical extravagance (表演充满活力、富丽华美的)爵士乐队 2  a band which plays cover versions of popular songs (演奏改编的流行歌曲的)乐队

showbiz /ˈʃəʊbiz/ n. colloq. [口]  = SHOW BUSINESS 

showboat /ˈʃəʊbəʊt/ n. US  a river steamer on which theatrical performances are given [美]演艺船

show business n. colloq.  the theatrical profession [口]影剧业，娱乐界

showcard /ˈʃəʊkɑ:d/ n.  a card used for advertising (用作宣传的)招贴，海报

showcase /ˈʃəʊkeis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a glass case used for exhibiting goods etc. (展出商品等的)玻璃橱窗，玻璃陈列柜 2  a place or medium for presenting something (esp. attractively) to general attention (尤指为引起普遍关注而设的)供亮相的地方(或媒介) ●v. tr.  display in or as if in a showcase 展示，展览；使亮相

showdown /ˈʃəʊdaʊn/ n.  1  a final test or confrontation; a decisive situation 摊牌；一决胜负的局面 2  the laying down face up of the players' cards in poker (牌戏中的)摊牌

shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a brief fall of esp. rain, hail, sleet, or snow 阵雨；一阵冰雹；阵雪 2  a  a brisk flurry of arrows, bullets, dust, stones, sparks, etc. 阵雨般的飞箭(或子弹、尘土、石头、火花等)b  a flurry of gifts, letters, honours, praise, etc. 大量涌来的礼物(信件、荣誉、赞扬等) 3 (in full 全称 shower-bath)  a  a cubicle, bath, etc. in which one stands under a spray of water 淋浴b  the apparatus etc. used for this 淋浴器c  the act of bathing in a shower 洗淋浴 4  a group of particles produced by a cosmic-ray particle in the earth's atmosphere 流星雨 5 N. Amer.  a party for giving presents to a prospective bride, etc. [北美] (为准新娘等举行的)送礼会 6 Brit. slang  a contemptible or unpleasant person or group of people [英] [俚语]令人鄙视(或厌恶)的人；乌合之众 ●v.  1 tr.  discharge (water, missiles, etc.) in a shower (阵雨般地)倾泻(水、导弹等) 2 intr.  use a shower-bath 洗淋浴 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  lavishly bestow (gifts etc.) 慷慨馈赠(礼物等) 4 intr.  descend or come in a shower 阵雨般落下或到来  it showered on and off all day  一整天阵雨时下时停 □ showery  adj.   [Old English scūr, from Germanic]

showerproof /ˈʃaʊəpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj.  resistant to light rain 防雨的 ●v. tr.  make showerproof 使防雨

showgirl /ˈʃəʊɡɜ:l/ n.  an actress who sings and dances in musicals, variety shows, etc. (在音乐剧或综艺演出等中表演的)歌舞女演员

showground /ˈʃəʊɡraʊnd/ n.  an area of land on which a show takes place 演出场所

show house n. (also 亦作 show home) Brit.  a furnished and decorated house on a new estate shown to prospective buyers [英] (新建房产中经装修后为欲购房者展示的)样板房

showing /ˈʃəʊiŋ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of showing 展出，展览 2  a usu. specified quality of performance 表演；演出  made a poor showing  表演得很差劲 3  the presentation of a case; evidence 陈述；迹象  on present showing it must be true  照目前的迹象看，这一定是真实的 [Old English scēawung (as SHOW)]

showjumping /ˈʃəʊdʒʌmpiŋ/ n.  the sport of riding horses over a course of fences and other obstacles, with penalty points for errors (赛马运动中的)超越障碍比赛 □ showjump  v. intr.  □ showjumper  n.  

showman /ˈʃəʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  the proprietor or manager of a circus etc. (马戏团等的)业主，经理 2  a person skilled in self-advertisement or publicity 善于表现(或炫耀)自己的人 □ showmanship  n.  

shown past part.  of SHOW  

show-off n. colloq.  a person who shows off [口]喜欢炫耀的人；喜欢卖弄的人

show of force n.  a demonstration of one's readiness to use force 炫耀武力

show of hands n.  raised hands indicating a vote for or against, usu. without being counted 举手表决

showpiece /ˈʃəʊpi:s/ n.  1  an item of work presented for exhibition or display 展品，陈列品 2  an outstanding example or specimen 样品

showplace /ˈʃəʊpleis/ n.  a house etc. that tourists go to see 游览胜地

showroom /ˈʃəʊru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in a factory, office building, etc. used to display goods for sale (工厂、办公楼等内的)样品展销室

show-stopper n. colloq.  a performance receiving prolonged applause [口]得到长久掌声的表演 □ show-stopping  adj.  

show trial n. esp. hist.  a judicial trial designed by the state to terrorize or impress the public [尤史义] (用以威慑或使公众铭记的)公开审讯

show-window n.  a window for exhibiting goods etc. (展示商品等的)橱窗

showy /ˈʃəʊi/ adj. (showier, showiest)  1  brilliant; gaudy, esp. vulgarly so 惹眼的；(尤指)俗艳的 2  striking 引人注目的 □ showily  adv.  □ showiness  n.  

s.h.p. abbr.  shaft horsepower [缩略]轴马力

shrank past  of SHRINK  

shrapnel /ˈʃræpn(ə)l/ n.  1  fragments of a bomb etc. thrown out by an explosion (炸弹等的)碎片 2  a shell containing bullets or pieces of metal timed to burst short of impact 榴霰弹 [named after Gen. H. Shrapnel, British soldier d. 1842, inventor of the shell]

shred /ʃred/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a scrap, fragment, or strip of esp. cloth, paper, etc. (尤指布、纸等的)碎片；细条 2  the least amount, remnant 微量；残余  not a shred of evidence  没有丝毫证据 ●v. tr. (shredded, shredding)  tear or cut into shreds 撕成碎片；切成细条 □ tear to shreds   completely refute (an argument etc.) 彻底驳倒(论点等) [Old English scrēad ‘piece cut off’, scrēadian ‘trim, prune’, from West Germanic: related to SHROUD]

shredder /ˈʃredə/ n.  1  a machine used to reduce documents to shreds 文件粉碎机 2  any device used for shredding 破碎机；粉碎机

shrew /ʃru:/ n.  1  any small usu. insect-eating mouselike mammal of the family Soricidae, with a long pointed snout 鼩鼱(一种貌似老鼠的动物，食昆虫，鼻子长而尖) 2  a bad-tempered or scolding woman 悍妇，泼妇 □ shrewish  adj. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  □ shrewishly  adv.  □ shrewishness  n.   [Old English scrēawa, scrœˉwa ‘shrew-mouse’: related to Old High German scrawaz ‘dwarf’, Middle High German schrawaz etc. ‘devil’]

shrewd /ʃru:d/ adj.  1  a  showing astute powers of judgement; clever and judicious 敏锐的；精明的  a shrewd observer  敏锐的观察者 made a shrewd guess  做了个精明的猜测b (of a face etc.) shrewd-looking (面容)样子精明的 2 archaic [古义]  a (of pain, cold, etc.) sharp, biting (疼痛、寒冷等)剧烈的，厉害的b (of a blow, thrust, etc.) severe, hard (打击、推挤等)猛烈的，狠劲的c  mischievous; malicious 恶作剧的；恶意的 □ shrewdly  adv.  □ shrewdness  n.   [Middle English, = malignant, from SHREW in the sense ‘evil person or thing’, or past part. of obsolete shrew ‘to curse’, from SHREW]

shriek /ʃri:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  utter a shrill screeching sound or words, esp. in pain or terror (尤指因疼痛或恐惧而)尖叫b (foll. by 后跟 of)  provide a clear or blatant indication of 清楚地显示 2 tr.  a  utter (sounds or words) by shrieking 尖声叫喊  shrieked his name  尖声喊出他的名字b  indicate clearly or blatantly 清楚地表示 ●n.  a high-pitched piercing cry or sound; a scream 尖叫；尖喊 □ shriek out   say in shrill tones 尖声喊叫□ shriek with laughter   laugh uncontrollably 狂笑不止□ shrieker  n.   [imitative: cf. dialect screak, Old Norse skrœkja, and SCREECH]

shrieval /ˈʃri:v(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a sheriff 郡长的 [shrieve, obsolete variant of SHERIFF]

shrievalty /ˈʃri:v(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sheriff's office or jurisdiction 郡长的职务(或职权) 2  the tenure of this 郡长的任期 [as SHRIEVAL + -alty as in mayoralty etc.]

shrift /ʃrift/ n. archaic [古义]  1  confession to a priest 忏悔 2  confession and absolution 忏悔；赦罪 [Old English scrift (verbal noun) from SHRIVE]

shrike /ʃraik/ n.  any bird of the family Laniidae, with a strong hooked and toothed bill, that impales its prey of small birds and insects on thorns Also called 亦称作 BUTCHER-BIRD 伯劳(其喙呈钩状，硬且利，猎食小鸟和昆虫，将其穿透于荆棘上) [perhaps related to Old English scric ‘thrush’, Middle Low German schrīk ‘corncrake’ (imitative)]

shrill /ʃril/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  piercing and high-pitched in sound 尖声的；声音尖锐的 2 derog. (esp. of a protester) sharp, unrestrained, unreasoning [贬] (尤指抗议者)尖声喊叫的；无节制的；不讲理的 ●v.  1 intr. (of a cry etc.) sound shrilly (喊叫声等)尖锐 2 tr. (of a person etc.) utter or send out (a song, complaint, etc.) shrilly (人)尖声(唱或抱怨等) □ shrillness  n.  □ shrilly  adv.   [Middle English, related to Low German schrell ‘sharp in tone or taste’, from Germanic]

shrimp /ʃrimp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or shrimps)  any of various small (esp. marine) edible crustaceans, with ten legs, grey-green when alive and pink when cooked 小虾(尤指小海虾，活时为灰绿色，烹煮后为粉红色) 2 colloq.  a very small slight person [口]矮小的人 ●v. intr.  go catching shrimps 捕虾 □ shrimper  n.   [Middle English, probably related to Middle Low German schrempen ‘to wrinkle’, Middle High German schrimpfen ‘to contract’, and SCRIMP]

shrimp plant n.  an evergreen shrub, Justicia brandegeana, bearing small white flowers in clusters of pinkish-brown bracts 虾衣草(一种常绿灌木，开棕粉色花苞包裹的一簇簇小白花)

shrine /ʃrain/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. RC Ch. (尤)【天主教】  a  a chapel, church, altar, etc., sacred to a saint, holy person, relic, etc. 神殿；圣坛b  the tomb of a saint etc. 圣陵c  a casket esp. containing sacred relics; a reliquary 圣物箱；(尤指)圣骨匣d  a niche containing a holy statue etc. 神龛 2  a place associated with or containing memorabilia of a particular person, event, etc. 圣地 3  a Shinto place of worship 神教道的参拜场所 ●v. tr. poet.  enshrine [诗]把…奉为神圣 [Old English scrīn from Germanic, from Latin scrinium ‘case for books’ etc.]

shrink /ʃriŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past shrank /ʃræŋk/; past part. shrunk /ʃrʌŋk/ or (esp. as 尤作 adj.) shrunken /ˈʃrʌŋk(ə)n/)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become smaller; contract, esp. by the action of moisture, heat, or cold (尤指由于潮湿、热、冷)变小；收缩；皱缩 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  a  retire; recoil; flinch; cower 退缩；畏缩  shrank from her touch  躲开她的触摸b  be averse from doing 回避  shrinks from meeting them  回避与他们相遇 3 intr. (as 作 shrunken adj.) (esp. of a face, person, etc.) having grown smaller esp. because of age, illness, etc. (尤指脸、人等由于年老、疾病等)萎缩；皱缩 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shrinking; shrinkage 萎缩；收缩 2 slang  a psychiatrist (from ‘head-shrinker’) [俚语]精神病医生 □ shrink into oneself   become withdrawn 变得沉默□ shrink on   slip (a metal tyre etc.) on while expanded with heat and allow to tighten 乘热胀时套上(金属轮箍等)□ shrinkable  adj.  □ shrinker  n.  □ shrinkingly  adv.  □ shrink-proof  adj.   [Old English scrincan, corresponding to Swedish skrynka ‘to wrinkle’]

shrinkage /ˈʃriŋkidʒ/ n.  1  a  the process or fact of shrinking 收缩b  the degree or amount of shrinking 收缩量 2  an allowance made for the reduction in takings due to wastage, theft, etc. (考虑浪费、被盗等的)损耗容许量

shrinking violet n.  an exaggeratedly shy person 害羞的人，腼腆的人

shrink-resistant adj. (of textiles etc.) resistant to shrinkage when wet etc. (织物等)防缩的

shrink-wrap v. tr. (-wrapped, -wrapping)  enclose (an article) in (esp. transparent) film that shrinks tightly on to it 用收缩薄膜包裹；(尤指)用透明薄膜包裹

shrive /ʃraiv/ v. tr. (past shrove /ʃrəʊv/; past part. shriven /ˈʃriv(ə)n/) Eccl. archaic 【教会】[古义]  1 (of a priest) hear the confession of, assign penance to, and absolve (牧师)听忏悔；听忏悔后赦罪 2 (作 refl.) (of a penitent) submit oneself to a priest for confession etc. (悔罪者)向牧师忏悔 [Old English scrīfan ‘impose as penance’, via West Germanic from Latin scribere ‘write’]

shrivel /ʃriv(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr. (shrivelled, shrivelling; US [美] shriveled, shriveling)  contract or wither into a wrinkled, folded, rolled-up, contorted, or dried-up state (使)枯萎；(使)干枯；(使)皱缩 [perhaps from Old Norse: cf. Swedish dialect skryvla ‘to wrinkle’]

shriven past part.  of SHRIVE  

shroud /ʃraʊd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sheetlike garment for wrapping a corpse for burial 裹尸布；寿衣 2  anything that conceals like a shroud 遮蔽物；覆盖物  wrapped in a shroud of mystery  被神秘气氛所笼罩 3 (in pl. 用复数) Naut.  a set of ropes forming part of the standing rigging and supporting the mast or topmast 【海】(桅的)左右支索；侧支索 ●v. tr.  1  clothe (a body) for burial 用裹尸布裹(尸体)；给(死者)穿寿衣 2  cover, conceal, or disguise 覆盖；遮蔽；伪装  hills shrouded in mist  薄雾笼罩的小山 □ shroudless  adj.   [Old English scrūd from Germanic: related to SHRED]

shroud-laid adj. (of a rope) having four strands laid right-handed on a core (绳索)四股正搓的

shrove past  of SHRIVE  

Shrovetide /ˈʃrəʊvtaid/ n.  Shrove Tuesday and the two days preceding it when it was formerly customary to be shriven 忏悔节(圣灰瞻礼日的前三天) [Middle English shrove, formed irregularly as past part. of SHRIVE]

Shrove Tuesday /ʃrəʊv/ n.  the day before Ash Wednesday 忏悔星期二(圣灰星期三的前一天)

shrub1 /ʃrʌb/ n.  a woody plant smaller than a tree and having a very short stem with branches near the ground 灌木 □ shrubby  adj.   [Old English scrubb, scrybb ‘shrubbery’: cf. North Frisian skrobb ‘brushwood’, West Flemish schrobbe ‘vetch’, Norwegian skrubba ‘dwarf cornel’, and SCRUB2]

shrub2 /ʃrʌb/ n.  a cordial made of sweetened fruit juice and spirits, esp. rum (由甜果汁加烈性酒混和制成的)果汁甜酒；(尤指)朗姆酒 [Arabic šurb, šarɑˉb from šariba ‘to drink’: cf. SHERBET, SYRUP]

shrubbery /ˈʃrʌb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  an area planted with shrubs 灌木林

shrug /ʃrʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (shrugged, shrugging)  1 intr.  slightly and momentarily raise the shoulders to express indifference, ignorance, helplessness, contempt, etc. 耸肩(以表示不关心、不知情、爱莫能助、蔑视等意) 2 tr.  a  raise (the shoulders) in this way 耸(肩)b  shrug the shoulders to express (indifference etc.) 耸肩(以表示冷漠等)  shrugged his consent  他耸耸肩表示同意 ●n.  the act or an instance of shrugging 耸肩 □ shrug off   dismiss as unimportant etc. by or as if by shrugging (耸肩以)表示对…不屑一顾 [Middle English: origin unknown]

shrunk (also 亦作 shrunken) past part.  of SHRINK 

shtick /ʃtik/ n. slang  a theatrical routine, gimmick, etc. [俚语]夸张的例行表演；噱头 [Yiddish from German Stück ‘piece’]

shtook /ʃtʊk/ n. slang  trouble (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in shtook 处于麻烦中) [俚语]麻烦 [20th c.: origin unknown]

shubunkin /ʃʊˈbʌŋkin/ n.  a breed of ornamental goldfish with black spots and red patches and long fins and tail 黑点红斑金鱼(供观赏，有长鳍和长尾) [Japanese]

shuck /ʃʌk/ n. & v. US [美] ●n.  1  a husk or pod 壳；荚 2  the shell of an oyster or clam 牡蛎壳；蛤壳 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  an expression of contempt or regret or self-deprecation in response to praise [口]无价值的东西(面对赞扬时表示轻蔑、遗憾、或自贬) ●v. tr.  1  remove the shucks of; shell 剥…的壳(或荚) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  remove, throw or strip off (clothes etc.) 脱去(衣服等) □ shucker  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

shudder /ˈʃʌdə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  shiver esp. convulsively from fear, cold, repugnance, etc. (尤指由于恐惧、冷、厌恶等)颤抖；战栗 2  feel strong repugnance etc. 厌恶，憎恶  shudder to think what might happen  想到可能要发生的事就极为厌恶 3 (of a machine etc.) vibrate or quiver (机器等)震动，颤动 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shuddering 震动；颤抖；战栗 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  a state of shuddering [口]战栗；发抖 □ shudderingly  adv.  □ shuddery  adj.   [Middle English shod(d)er from Middle Dutch schūderen, Middle Low German schōderen, from Germanic]

shuffle /ˈʃʌf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move with a scraping, sliding, or dragging motion 曳(足)；曳(足)而行  shuffles along  一步一拖地走 shuffling his feet  他拖着脚走 2 tr.  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  rearrange (a pack of cards) by sliding them over each other quickly 洗(牌)b  rearrange; intermingle; confuse 整理；混合；弄混  shuffled the documents  整理文件 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, off, into)  assume or remove (clothes, a burden, etc.) esp. clumsily or evasively (尤指笨拙地)穿上，脱下(衣服)；推诿(责任等)  shuffled on his clothes  他笨手笨脚地穿上衣服 shuffled off responsibility  推诿责任 4 intr.  a  equivocate; prevaricate 支吾；闪烁其词b  continually shift one's position; fidget 不断变换位置；坐立不安 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out of)  escape evasively 闪避；蒙混  shuffled out of the blame  躲过指责 ●n.  1  a shuffling movement 拖着脚走；曳行 2  the act or an instance of shuffling cards 洗牌 3  a general change of relative positions 变换位置 4  a piece of equivocation; sharp practice 闪烁其词；诡计 5  a quick scraping movement of the feet in dancing (see also 另见 DOUBLE SHUFFLE) 曳步舞 □ shuffle the cards   change policy etc. 改变政策等□ shuffler  n.   [perhaps from Low German schuffeln ‘walk clumsily’, from Germanic: related to SHOVE]

shuffle-board n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SHOVELBOARD 

shufti /ˈʃʊfti/ n. (pl. shuftis) Brit. colloq.  a look or glimpse [英口]一看；一瞥 [Arabic šaffa ‘try to see’]

shul /ʃu:l/ n.  a synagogue 犹太教徒聚会 [Yiddish from German Schule ‘school’]

shun /ʃʌn/ v. tr. (shunned, shunning)  avoid; keep clear of 避开；回避  shuns human company  避免与人为伴 [Old English scunian, of unknown origin]

shunt /ʃʌnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  diverge or cause (a train) to be diverted esp. on to a siding 使(火车)转轨(尤指进入岔道) 2 tr. Electr.  provide (a current) with a shunt 【电】分路传送(电流) 3 tr.  a  postpone or evade 推迟；回避b  divert (a decision etc.) on to another person etc. 回避(做决定等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of shunting on to a siding 调轨；转轨 2 Electr.  a conductor joining two points of a circuit, through which more or less of a current may be diverted 【电】分流器 3 Surgery 【外科】  a  an alternative path for the circulation of the blood (血管)吻合分流b  the construction of such a route 吻合分流术 4 Brit. slang  a motor accident, esp. a collision of vehicles travelling one close behind another [英] [俚语] (尤指汽车追尾造成的)撞车事故 □ shunter  n.   [Middle English, perhaps from SHUN]

shush /ʃʊʃ, ʃʌʃ/ int., v. & n. ●int.  = HUSHint.  ●v.  1 intr.  a  call for silence by saying shush 用“嘘”声使安静b  be silent 安静  they shushed at once  他们立刻安静下来 2 tr.  make or attempt to make silent 使安静 ●n. colloq. [口]  1  silence 安静 2  an utterance of ‘shush’ “嘘”声 [imitative]

shut /ʃʌt/ v. (shutting; past and past part. shut)  1 tr.  a  move (a door, window, lid, lips, etc.) into position so as to block an aperture 关；闭，合上(门、窗、盖子、嘴唇等)  shut the lid  合上盖子b  close or seal (a room, window, box, eye, mouth, etc.) by moving a door etc. 关上，闭上(房间、窗户、箱子、眼睛、嘴等)  shut the box  关上箱子 2 intr.  become or be capable of being closed or sealed 关上，闭上；能关上，能闭上  the door shut with a bang  门砰地关上了 the lid shuts automatically  盖子能自动关闭 3 intr. & tr. esp. Brit.  become or make (a shop, business, etc.) closed for trade [尤英] (商店、公司等)停止营业  the shops shut at five  商店 5 点停止营业 shuts his shop at five  他的商店 5 点停止营业 4 tr.  bring (a book, hand, telescope, etc.) into a folded-up or contracted state (书、手、望远镜等)合拢，收拢 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out)  keep (a person, sound, etc.) in or out of a room etc. by shutting a door etc. 把(人、声响等)关在屋内(或屋外)  shut out the noise  把喧闹声关在屋外 shut them in  把他们关在屋里 6 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  catch (a finger, dress, etc.) by shutting something on it 夹住(手指、衣服等)  shut her finger in the door  门夹住了她的手指 7 tr.  bar access to (a place etc.) 封住(某处的)入口  this entrance is shut  这个入口被封了 □ be (or get) shut of  slang  be (or get) rid of [俚语]摆脱  were glad to get shut of him  很高兴能摆脱他□ shut the door on   refuse to consider; make impossible 拒绝考虑；使不可能□ shut down   1  stop (a factory, nuclear reactor, etc.) from operating 使(工厂、核反应器等)停工 2 (of a factory etc.) stop operating (工厂等)关闭，停工 3  push or pull (a window sash etc.) down into a closed position 使(窗扇等)关上□ shut one's eyes (or ears or heart or mind) to   pretend not, or refuse, to see (or hear or feel sympathy for or think about) 假装没有看到(或听到、同情、思考等)；拒绝看(或听、同情、思考等)□ shut in  (of hills, houses, etc.) encircle, prevent access etc. to or escape from (see also sense 5 另见释义 5) (山、房子等)被包围，被封堵  were shut in by the sea on three sides  三面被大海包围□ shut off   1  a  stop the flow of (water, gas, etc.) by shutting a valve 切断(水、气等)b  switch off (a machine etc.) 关掉(机器等) 2  separate from society etc. (与社会等)隔绝□ shut out   1  exclude (a person, light, etc.) from a place, situation, etc. 把(人、光线等)排除在外 2  screen (landscape etc.) from view 遮挡住(景色等) 3  prevent (a possibility etc.) 防止(可能性等) 4  block (a painful memory etc.) from the mind 不再想起(痛苦的回忆等) 5 N. Amer.  prevent (an opponent) from scoring (see also sense 5 另见释义 5) [北美]使(对手)不能得分□ shut to   1  close (a door etc.) 关(门等) 2 (of a door etc.) close as far as it will go (门等)关紧□ shut up   1  close all doors and windows of (a house etc.); bolt and bar 关闭(房子等的)所有门窗 2  imprison (a person) 囚禁(某人) 3  close (a box etc.) securely 关紧(箱子等) 4 colloq.  reduce to silence by rebuke etc. [口] (通过斥责等)使安静 5  put (a thing) away in a box etc. (把某物)收好，放在(箱子等里面) 6 (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句) colloq.  stop talking [口]住口！闭嘴！ □ shut up shop   1  close a business, shop, etc. 关闭(公司、商店等) 2  cease business etc. permanently (永久性地)停业□ shut your face (or head or mouth or trap)!  slang  an impolite request to stop talking [俚语]闭嘴！住口！ (一种不礼貌的要求方式) [Old English scyttan from West Germanic: related to SHOOT]

shutdown /ˈʃʌtdaʊn/ n.  the closure of a factory etc. (工厂等的)倒闭，停业

shut-eye n. colloq.  sleep [口]睡觉

shut-off n.  1  something used for stopping an operation 关闭装置 2  a cessation of flow, supply, or activity (流动、供应、活动等的)中止，中断

shutout /ˈʃʌtaʊt/ n. N. Amer.  the act of preventing an opponent from scoring [北美]使对手无法得分

shut-out bid n. Bridge  a pre-emptive bid 【桥牌】关煞叫

shutter /ˈʃʌtə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person or thing that shuts 关闭者；关闭物 2  a  each of a pair or set of panels fixed inside or outside a window for security or privacy or to keep the light in or out (窗户的)活动遮板b  a structure of slats on rollers used for the same purpose 百叶窗 3  a device that exposes the film in a photographic camera (照相机的)快门 4 Mus.  the blind of a swell-box in an organ used for controlling the sound level 【音】(风琴中用于控制音调的)开闭器 ●v. tr.  1  put up the shutters of 关上百叶窗(或挡板) 2  provide with shutters 安装百叶窗(或挡板) □ put up the shutters   1  cease business for the day 停止(当日)营业 2  cease business etc. permanently (生意等)关门，倒闭□ shutterless  adj.  

shuttering /ˈʃʌt(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  a temporary structure usu. of wood, used to hold concrete during setting (水泥未干之前用的)木架；支模 2  material for making shutters 制作百叶窗的材料

shuttle /ˈʃʌt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a bobbin with two pointed ends used for carrying the weft-thread across between the warp-threads in weaving (织机的)梭b  a bobbin carrying the lower thread in a sewing machine (缝纫机的)摆梭 2  a train, bus, etc., going to and fro over a short route continuously (短途穿梭往返的)火车，公交汽车(等) 3  = SHUTTLECOCK  4  = SPACE SHUTTLE  ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  move or cause to move to and fro like a shuttle 穿梭般往返移动 2 intr.  travel in a shuttle 穿梭般往返旅行 [Old English scytel ‘dart’ from Germanic: related to SHOOT]

shuttle armature n. Electr.  an armature with a single coil wound on an elongated iron bobbin 【电】梭形电枢

shuttlecock /ˈʃʌt(ə)lkɒk/ n.  1  a cork with a ring of feathers, or a similar device of plastic, struck between players in badminton and in battledore and shuttlecock 羽毛球 2  a thing passed repeatedly back and forth 被传来传去的东西 [SHUTTLE + COCK1, probably from the flying motion]

shuttle diplomacy n.  negotiations conducted by a mediator who travels successively to several countries 穿梭外交(斡旋人接连去几个国家组织谈判的外交方式)

shuttle service n.  a train or bus etc. service operating to and fro over a short route (火车、汽车等的)往返运输服务

shy1 /ʃai/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (shyer, shyest)  1  a  diffident or uneasy in company; timid 害羞的；腼腆的b (of an animal, bird, etc.) easily startled; timid (动物、鸟等)易受惊吓的；胆小的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  avoiding; chary of 躲避的；有戒心的  shy of his aunt  怕见他的姨妈 shy of going to meetings  躲避开会 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  showing fear of or distaste for 怕…的；厌烦…的  gun-shy  怕枪的 work-shy  厌烦工作的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, on) colloq.  having lost; short of [口]失去的；不足的，缺乏的  I'm shy three quid  我丢了 3 英镑 shy of the price of admission  钱不够交入场费 ●v. intr. (shies, shied)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at) (esp. of a horse) start suddenly aside (at an object, noise, etc.) in fright (尤指马)受惊 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away from, at)  avoid accepting or becoming involved in (a proposal etc.) in alarm 后退；回避 ●n.  a sudden startled movement, esp. of a horse (尤指马的)受惊 □ shyer  n.  □ shyly  adv.  □ shyness  n.   [Old English sceoh, from Germanic]

shy2 /ʃai/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (shies, shied) (also absol. [亦含宾])  fling or throw (a stone etc.) 投，掷(石块等) ●n. (pl. shies)  the act or an instance of shying 投，掷 □ have a shy at  colloq. [口]  1  try to hit with a stone etc. (用石块等)击打，投掷 2  make an attempt at 尝试 3  jeer at 嘲笑□ shyer  n.   [18th c.: origin unknown]

Shylock /ˈʃailɒk/ n.  a hard-hearted moneylender; a miser 狠毒无情的放高利贷者；守财奴 [a character in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice]

shyster /ˈʃaistə/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a person, esp. a lawyer, who uses unscrupulous methods [北美口]不择手段的人；(尤指)奸猾的律师 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

SI abbr. [缩略]  1 (Order of the) Star of India 印度星章 2  the international system of units of measurement (French Système International) 国际单位制

Si symb. Chem.  the element silicon [符]【化】(化学元素)硅

si /si:/ n. Mus. 【音】  = TE  [French from Italian, perhaps from the initials of Sancte Iohannes: see GAMUT]

sial /ˈsaiəl/ n. Geol. 【地质】  1  the upper layer of the earth's crust, comprising the continental masses 地壳上层(包括大陆板块) 2  the material of this, relatively light rock rich in silica and alumina 硅铝带，硅铝层 [SILICA + ALUMINA]

sialogogue /ˈsaiələɡɒɡ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a medicine inducing the flow of saliva 催涎剂 ●adj.  inducing such a flow 促进唾液分泌的 [French, from Greek sialon ‘saliva’ + agōgos ‘leading’]

Siam /saiˈæm/ n.  暹罗(现称 Thailand 泰国) [亚洲]

siamang /ˈsaiəmæŋ, ˈsi:ə-/ n.  a large black gibbon, Hylobates syndactylus, native to Sumatra and the Malay peninsula (产于苏门答腊和马来半岛的)合趾猴(一种大型黑色长臂猿) [Malay]

Siamese /saiəˈmi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a  a native of Siam (now Thailand) in SE Asia 暹罗(今泰国)人b  the language of Siam 暹罗语 2 (in full 全称 Siamese cat)  a  a cat of a lightly-built short-haired breed characterized by slanting blue eyes and usu. pale fur with points of brown, blue, etc. 暹罗猫(身体轻盈，眼睛斜视呈蓝色，毛短，通常为有棕蓝斑点的灰色)b  this breed 暹罗猫品种 ●adj.  of or concerning Siam, its people, or language 暹罗的；暹罗人的；暹罗语的

Siamese fighting fish  see 见 FIGHTING FISH 

Siamese twins n. pl.  1  twins joined at any part of the body and sometimes sharing organs etc. 联体双胞胎 2  any closely associated pair 关系密切的两个人(或物)

sib /sib/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 esp. Genetics  a brother or sister; a sibling (尤)【遗传学】兄弟姐妹之一 2  a blood relative 血亲 3  a group of people recognized by an individual as his or her kindred 血亲家属，亲属 ●adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) esp. Sc.  related; akin [尤苏格兰]相关的；相似的 [Old English sib(b)]

Siberian /saiˈbiəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Siberia in the north-eastern part of the Russian Federation (俄罗斯联邦东北部地区的)西伯利亚人 2  a person of Siberian descent 西伯利亚人的后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Siberia 西伯利亚的

sibilant /ˈsibil(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a letter or set of letters) sounded with a hiss, e.g. s, sh (字母)发咝音的(如 s 、 sh) 2  hissing 咝咝作响的  a sibilant whisper  咝咝的耳语 ●n.  a sibilant letter or letters 咝音字母 □ sibilance  n.  □ sibilancy  n.   [Latin sibilare sibilant- ‘hiss’]

sibilate /ˈsibileit/ v. tr. & intr.  pronounce with or utter a hissing sound 发咝音 □ sibilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

sibling /ˈsibliŋ/ n.  each of two or more children having one or both parents in common (同父母的或同父异母、同母异父的)兄弟姐妹之一 [SIB + -LING1]

sibship /ˈsibʃip/ n.  1  the state of belonging to a sib or the same sib 血亲家族成员的身份 2  a group of children having the same two parents (同父母的)兄弟姊妹

Sibyl /ˈsibil/   西比尔 [人名]

sibyl /ˈsibil/ n.  1  & any of certain women in ancient times supposed to utter the oracles and prophecies of a god (古代的)女预言家 2  a prophetess, fortune-teller, or witch 女预言家；女算命者；女巫 [Middle English via Old French Sibile or medieval Latin Sibilla and Latin Sibylla from Greek Sibulla]

sibylline /ˈsibilain/ adj.  1  of or from a sibyl 女预言家的，来自女预言家的 2  oracular; prophetic 神谕的；预言的 [Latin Sibyllinus (as SIBYL)]

Sibylline books n. pl.  a collection of oracles belonging to the ancient Roman State and used for guidance by magistrates etc. 《西卜林书》(古罗马的一部神谕集，行政长官等以此作指南)

sic /sik/ adv. (usu. in brackets) used, spelt, etc., as written (confirming, or calling attention to, the form of quoted or copied words) (通常用于括号中的)原文如此(用于确认或让人注意到引文的形式) [Latin, = so, thus]■Usage 用法说明 The word sic is placed in brackets after a word that appears odd or erroneous to show that the word is quoted exactly as it stands in the original, e.g. They say they will take measures to insure (sic) compliance. sic 用在括号内，置于一个看似怪异或有误的词之后，表示该词是完全地按照原文引用的。例如 They say they will take measures to insure (sic) compliance (他们说他们将采取措施确保 (insure 原文如此)人们遵守)。 

siccative /ˈsikətiv/ n. & adj. ●n.  a substance causing drying, esp. mixed with oil paint etc. for quick drying (尤指加在油漆等中的)干燥剂 ●adj.  having such properties 促使干燥的 [Late Latin siccativus from siccare ‘to dry’]

sice1 /sais/ n.  the six on dice (骰子的)六点 [Middle English via Old French sis from Latin sex ‘six’]

sice2 var.  of SYCE  SYCE 的变体

Sicilian /siˈsiliən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Sicily, an island off the S. coast of Italy 西西里岛人 2  a person of Sicilian descent 西西里岛人的后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Sicily 西西里岛的 [Latin Sicilia ‘Sicily’]

siciliano /siˌtʃiliˈɑ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (also 亦作 siciliana /-nə/; pl. -as)  a dance, song, or instrumental piece in 6/8 or 12/8 time, often in a minor key, and evoking a pastoral mood 西西里乡村舞蹈(或舞曲) (通常为 6/8 或 12/8 拍，小调，有田园情调) [Italian, = Sicilian]

sick1 /sik/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词) esp. Brit.  vomiting or tending to vomit [尤英]恶心的；要呕吐的  feels sick  感觉恶心 was sick after the meal  饭后觉得恶心 seasick  晕船 2  ill; affected by illness 生病的；身体不适的  has been off sick for a week  休了一周病假 a sick man  病人 3  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  esp. mentally perturbed; disordered (尤指)头脑混乱的  the product of a sick mind  思想混乱的结果 sick at heart  内心烦乱b (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or in comb. 用于复合词)  pining; longing 渴望的；向往的  sick for a sight of home  渴望看一眼家乡 lovesick  相思的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of) colloq. [口]  a  disgusted; surfeited 厌恶的；食用过度的  sick of chocolates  吃腻了巧克力b  angry, esp. because of surfeit 生气的(尤指因过度而引起的)  am sick of being teased  我很生气被人取笑 5 colloq. (of humour etc.) jeering at misfortune, illness, death, etc.; morbid [口] (幽默等)残忍的；可怕的  sick joke  残忍的笑话 6 (of a ship) needing repair (esp. of a specified kind) (船)需要修理的  paint-sick  需要上漆 ●n. Brit. colloq.  vomit [英口]呕吐 ●v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) Brit. colloq.  vomit [英口]呕吐  sicked up his dinner  将饭菜呕吐出来 □ go sick   report oneself as ill 请病假□ look sick  colloq.  be unimpressive or embarrassed [口]给人印象不深的；尴尬的□ sick at (or to) one's stomach  US  vomiting or tending to vomit [美]呕吐的；要呕吐的□ take sick  colloq.  be taken ill [口]生病□ sickish  adj.   [Old English sēoc, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In British English, the predicative use of the adjective sick in sense 2, to mean ‘ill’, as in He had to cancel his holiday because he was sick, is still considered non-standard by some people, although it is standard in American English. The exception to this is its use in the phrase off sick (‘away on sick leave’) which is acceptable in British English. See also Usage Note at ILL. 在英国英语中，把释义 2 中的 sick 作为表语形容词使用，表示“ ill ”的含义，如 He had to cancel his holiday because he was sick (他因病取消了休假)被一些人认为是不够规范的，尽管在美国英语中这是标准用法。例外的情况是对于短语 off sick (休病假)的使用，这一用法在英国英语中是可以接受的。另见 ILL 的用法说明。 

sick2 /sik/ v. tr. (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句) (esp. to a dog) set upon, attack (尤指命令狗)攻击，追击 [19th c., dialect variant of SEEK]

sickbay /ˈsikbei/ n.  1  part of a ship used as a hospital 船上医务室 2  any room etc. for sick people 病房

sickbed /ˈsikbed/ n.  1  an invalid's bed 病床 2  the state of being an invalid 卧病在床，抱病在床

sick benefit n.  = SICKNESS BENEFIT 

sick building syndrome n.  a high incidence of illness in office workers, attributed to the immediate working surroundings (室内工作人员的)办公室综合征

sick call n.  1  a visit by a doctor to a sick person etc. 探病，出诊 2 Mil.  a summons for sick men to attend 【军】病号集合令

sicken /ˈsik(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  affect with loathing or disgust 使厌恶；使厌倦 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 for) Brit.  show symptoms of illness [英]显露症状  is sickening for measles  有出麻疹的症状b (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  feel nausea or disgust 恶心；作呕  he sickened at the sight  他见到…就觉得恶心 3 tr. (as 作 sickening adj.)  a  loathsome, disgusting 令人厌恶的；令人作呕的b colloq.  very annoying [口]极为讨厌的 □ sickeningly  adv.  

sickener /ˈsik(ə)nə/ n.  1  something causing nausea, disgust, or severe disappointment 令人作呕(或厌烦、失望)的东西 2  a red toadstool of the genus Russula, esp. the poisonous R. emetica 毒蕈

sick flag n.  a yellow flag indicating disease at a quarantine station or on ship 检疫旗(表示检疫站或船上有疫情的黄色旗帜)

sick headache n.  = MIGRAINE 

sickie /ˈsiki/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a period of sick leave, esp. taken with insufficient medical reason [澳新口] (尤指理由不够充分的)病假

sickle /ˈsik(ə)l/ n.  1  a short-handled farming tool with a semicircular blade, used for cutting corn, lopping, or trimming 镰刀 2  anything sickle-shaped, esp. the crescent moon 镰刀状的事物(尤指新月) [Old English sicol, sicel from Latin secula, from secare ‘to cut’]

sick leave n.  leave of absence granted because of illness 病假

sickle-bill n.  a bird with a long narrow curved bill, esp. any hummingbird of the genus Eutoxeres 弯嘴鸟(其喙窄长弯曲)

sickle-cell anaemia n. (US [美] sickle-cell anemia)  a severe hereditary form of anaemia, affecting mainly blacks, in which a mutated form of haemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels 镰状细胞性贫血(一种严重的遗传性贫血症，由于血红蛋白产生变异，导致血红细胞在低氧情况下变形为弯月形状。此病主要在黑人中流行。)

sickle-feather n.  each of the long middle feathers of a cock's tail (公鸡尾部的)镰形长羽

sick list n.  a list of the sick, esp. in a regiment, ship, etc. (部队中、船上等的)病员名单

sickly /ˈsikli/ adj. (sicklier, sickliest)  1  a  of weak health; apt to be ill 多病的；易病的b (of a person's complexion, look, etc.) languid, faint, or pale, suggesting sickness (面色、面容等)苍白的；憔悴的；倦怠的  a sickly smile  倦怠的微笑c (of light or colour) faint, pale, feeble (光或颜色)暗的，浅的，淡的 2  causing ill health 有害健康的  a sickly climate  对健康有害的气候 3 (of a book etc.) sentimental or mawkish (书等)多愁善感的，伤感的 4  inducing or connected with nausea 引起呕吐的；令人作呕的  a sickly taste  令人作呕的味道 5 (of a colour etc.) of an unpleasant shade inducing nausea (颜色等)令人不愉快的；令人作呕的  a sickly green  一种令人作呕的绿色 □ sickliness  n.   [Middle English, probably suggested by Old Norse sjukligr (as SICK1)]

sick-making adj. colloq.  sickening [口]令人作呕的；令人厌恶的

sickness /ˈsiknis/ n.  1  the state of being ill; disease 生病，患病 2  a specified disease 疾病  sleeping sickness  昏睡病 3  vomiting or a tendency to vomit 呕吐；恶心 [Old English sēocnesse (as SICK1, -NESS)]

sickness benefit n. (in the UK) benefit paid by the State for sickness interrupting paid employment (英国) (由国家发给因疾病中断带薪工作的人的)疾病补助费

sick nurse n.  = NURSE1n. 1 

sicko /ˈsikəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) N. Amer. slang  a mentally ill or perverted person [北美] [俚语]精神病人；变态的人

sick pay n.  pay given to an employee etc. on sick leave 病假工资

sickroom /ˈsikru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a room occupied by a sick person 病人住的房间 2  a room adapted for sick people 病房

Sid /sid/   锡德 [人名]

sidalcea /siˈdælsiə/ n.  any mallow-like plant of the genus Sidalcea, bearing racemes of white, pink, or purple flowers 黄花稔属植物(其白、粉或紫色花为总状花序) [modern Latin, from Sida + Alcea, names of related genera]

side /said/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  each of the more or less flat surfaces bounding an object (物体的)面，表面  a cube has six sides  立方体有六个面 this side up  这面朝上b  a more or less vertical inner or outer plane or surface (竖直的)平面，表面  the side of a house  房子的(内或外)面 a mountainside  山坡c  such a vertical lateral surface or plane as distinct from the top or bottom, front or back, or ends 竖直的侧面(相对于顶、底、前、后等各面)  at the side of the house  在房子的侧面上 2  a  the half of a person or animal that is on the right or the left, esp. of the torso (人或动物身体的)左(或右)侧  has a pain in his right side  他身体右侧疼痛b  the left or right half or a specified part of a thing, area, building, etc. (物体、区域、建筑物等的)左(或右)侧；左(或右)边  put the box on that side  把箱子放在那边c (often in comb. 常用于复合词中)  a position next to a person or thing (人或物的)旁边  graveside  墓边 seaside  海边 stood at my side  站在我旁边d  a specified direction relating to a person or thing (相对于人或物的某个)方向  on the north side of  在…的北边 came from all sides  来自各个方向e  half of a butchered carcass (已屠宰动物的)半片(或扇)躯体  a side of bacon  半扇熏猪肉 3  a  either surface of a thing regarded as having two surfaces (某物的)正面(或反面)b  the amount of writing needed to fill one side of a sheet of paper (纸的一面的)书写字数  write three sides  要写满三面(或页) 4  any of several aspects of a question, character, etc. (问题或性格等的)方面  many sides to his character  他性格的多面性 look on the bright side  要看光明的一面 5  a  each of two sets of opponents in war, politics, games, etc. (战争、政治、游戏等的)一方，一派  the side that bats first  先击球的一方 much to be said on both sides  双方都大有可说之处b  a cause or philosophical position etc. regarded as being in conflict with another (理由或哲学观点等相互对立的)一面，一方  on the side of right  在正确的一方 6  a  a part or region near the edge and remote from the centre 边缘地带；边界  at the side of the room  在房间尽头 also 亦作 attrib.: side door  侧门；边门b (作 attrib.)  a subordinate, peripheral, or detached part 从属；边缘；附属  a side road  旁路 a side table  靠墙的桌子 7  a  each of the bounding lines of a plane rectilinear figure (平面直线图形的)边  a hexagon has six sides  六角形有六条边b  each of two quantities stated to be equal in an equation (等式两边相等的一个)等量 8  a position nearer or farther than, or right or left of, a given dividing line (分界线之外的)位置  on this side of the Alps  在阿尔卑斯山的这边 on the other side of the road  在路的另一边 9  a line of hereditary descent through the father or the mother (从父亲或母亲传下的)家系，血统 10 (in full 全称 side spin) Brit.  a spinning motion given to a billiard ball etc. by hitting it on one side, not centrally [英] (台球等的)侧旋 11 Brit. slang  boastfulness; swagger [英] [俚语]吹嘘；妄自尊大  has no side about him  他不爱吹嘘 12 Brit. colloq.  a television channel, considered as one of two or more available channels [英口]电视频道  shall we try another side?  我们换另一个频道好吗？ ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  take part or be on the same side as a disputant etc. 站在…一边；支持  sided with his father  站在他父亲的一边 □ by the side of   1  close to 近处；旁边 2  compared with 与…相比□ from side to side   1  right across 横跨；穿过 2  alternately each way from a central line 左右摇摆，左右摇晃□ let the side down  Brit.  fail one's colleagues, esp. by frustrating their efforts or embarrassing them [英] (尤指因破坏同事的努力或使其难堪而)使同事失望□ on one side   1  not in the main or central position 不在主要位置上 2  aside 在旁边  took him on one side to explain  拉他到一旁去解释□ on the ... side   fairly, somewhat 相当地；有点 qualifying an adjective 修饰形容词 : on the high side  相当高□ on the side   1  as a sideline; in addition to one's regular work etc. 兼职；作为副业 2  secretly or illicitly 秘密地；非法地 3 N. Amer.  as a side dish [北美]作为配菜□ on this side of the grave   in life 在世；活着□ side by side   standing close together, esp. for mutual support 肩并肩地(尤指相互支持)□ take sides   support one or other cause etc. 表明立场；支持某方□ sideless  adj.   [Old English sīde, from Germanic]

side arms n. pl.  weapons worn at the side, e.g. swords, bayonets, or pistols 随身佩带的武器(如剑、刺刀或手枪)

side band n.  a range of frequencies near the carrier frequency of a radio wave, within which modulated frequences fall 边频带(靠近无线电波的载波频率的频率带，可通过它来调节频率)

side-bet n.  a bet between opponents, esp. in card games, over and above the ordinary stakes (尤指牌戏中的)超出普通赌注的打赌

sideboard /ˈsaidbɔ:d/ n.  1  a table or esp. a flat-topped cupboard at the side of a dining room for supporting and containing dishes, table linen, decanters, etc. 餐具柜 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. colloq.  hair grown by a man down each side of his face; side-whisker [英口]络腮胡子；连鬓胡子

side-bone n.  either of the small forked bones under the wings of poultry (家禽翅膀下的)叉骨

sideburn /ˈsaidbɜ:n/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = SIDEBOARD 2  [originally burnside, from the name of General Burnside d. 1881, who affected this style]

sidecar /ˈsaidkɑ:/ n.  1  a small car for a passenger or passengers attached to the side of a motorcycle (安装在摩托车旁边的)侧车，边斗 2  a cocktail of orange liqueur, lemon juice, and brandy (用橘酒、柠檬汁和白兰地混合制成的)鸡尾酒 3 hist.  a jaunting car [史义]双轮敞篷轻便马车

side chain n. Chem.  a group of atoms attached to the main part of a molecule 【化】侧链(依附于分子主要部分的原子链)

side chapel n.  a chapel in the aisle or at the side of a church (位于教堂走廊中或旁边的)小礼拜堂

sided /ˈsaidid/ adj.  1  having sides 有边的 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having a specified side or number of sides 有特定边的  flat-sided  平边的 three-sided  三边的 □ -sidedly  adv.  □ sidedness  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  

side dish n.  an extra dish subsidiary to the main course (正菜之外的)配菜

side door n.  1  a door in or at the side of a building 侧门 2  an indirect means of access 间接的途径

side drum n.  a small double-headed drum in a jazz or military band or in an orchestra (originally hung at the drummer's side) (爵士乐队或军乐队的)小鼓

side effect n.  a secondary, usu. undesirable, effect 副作用

side glance n.  a sideways or brief glance 侧视；斜视

sidehill /ˈsaidhil/ n. US  a hillside [美]山坡；山侧

side issue n.  a point that distracts attention from what is important 枝节问题

sidekick /ˈsaidkik/ n. colloq.  a close associate [口]伙伴；密友

sidelamp /ˈsaidlæmp/ n.  a lamp placed at the side of something, esp. on a motor vehicle (尤指汽车的)侧灯

sidelight /ˈsaidlait/ n.  1  a light from the side 侧光 2  incidental information etc. 偶得的信息 3 Brit.  a light at the side of the front of a motor vehicle to warn of its presence [英] (汽车的)前侧灯 4 Naut.  the red port or green starboard light on a ship under way 【海】(轮船航行时使用的)舷灯(左舷为红色，右舷为绿色)

sideline /ˈsaidlain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an activity done in addition to one's main work etc. 兼职，副业 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  a line bounding the side of a hockey pitch, tennis court, etc. (曲棍球场、网球场等的)边线b  the space next to these where spectators etc. sit (观众等坐的)边线外场地 ●v. tr. US  remove (a player) from a team through injury, suspension, etc. [美] (因伤、禁赛等)撤下(选手) □ on (or from) the sidelines   in (or from) a position removed from the main action 被换下；在场外

sidelong /ˈsaidlɒŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  inclining to one side; oblique 倾斜的；斜的  a sidelong glance  斜视 ●adv.  obliquely 倾斜地  moved sidelong  斜着移动 [earlier sideling (as SIDE, -LING2): see -LONG]

side note n.  a marginal note 旁注

side-on adv. & adj. ●adv.  from the side 从侧面 ●adj.  1  from or towards one side 从侧面的；朝向侧面的 2 (of a collision) involving the side of a vehicle (撞车)撞在侧面上的

side plate n.  a plate of approximately 15-20 cm diameter, used for bread etc. (装面包等的)侧盘(直径约 15 至 20 厘米)

sidereal /saiˈdiəriəl/ adj.  of or concerning the constellations or fixed stars 星座的；恒星的 [Latin sidereus from sidus sideris ‘star’]

sidereal clock n.  a clock showing sidereal time 恒星钟

sidereal day n.  the time between successive meridional transits of a star or esp. of the first point of Aries, about four minutes shorter than the solar day 恒星日(比太阳日约短 4 分钟)

sidereal time n.  time measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the stars 恒星时

sidereal year n.  a year longer than the solar year by 20 minutes 23 seconds because of precession 恒星年(由于岁差而比太阳年长 20 分 23 秒)

siderite /ˈsaidərait, ˈsid-/ n.  1  a mineral form of ferrous carbonate 菱铁矿 2  a meteorite consisting mainly of nickel and iron 陨铁 [Greek sidēros ‘iron’]

sidero- /ˈsidərəʊ, ˈsai-/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  of or relating to iron 铁的 2  of or relating to the stars 星的 [sense 1 from Greek sidēros ‘iron’; sense 2 from Latin sider- sidus ‘star’]

side road n.  a minor or subsidiary road, esp. joining or diverging from a main road (尤指从主干路分出或与之相连的)辅路，边路

siderostat /ˈsid(ə)rə(ʊ)stæt/ n.  an instrument used for keeping the image of a celestial body in a fixed position 定星镜 [Latin sidus sideris ‘star’, on the pattern of heliostat]

side-saddle n. & adv. ●n.  a saddle for a woman rider who rides with both feet on the same side of the horse (女用)横鞍；侧坐鞍 ●adv.  sitting in this position on a horse (在马上)侧坐地

side salad n.  a salad served as a side dish 配菜色拉

side seat n. Brit.  a seat in a vehicle etc. in which the occupant has his or her back to the side of the vehicle [英] (背朝着车侧的)侧座，偏座

sideshow /ˈsaidʃəʊ/ n.  1  a small show or stall in an exhibition, fair, etc. (展览、集市等处的)小型展示，小货摊 2  a minor incident or issue 枝节事件(或问题)

side-slip n. & v. ●n.  1  a skid 侧滑，横滑 2 Aeron.  a sideways movement, esp. downwards towards the inside of a turn 【空】侧滑；(尤指)向内下滑 ●v. intr.  1  skid 侧滑，横滑 2 Aeron.  move in a side-slip 【空】侧滑；向内下滑

sidesman /ˈsaidzmən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit.  a churchwarden's assistant, who shows worshippers to their seats, takes the collection, etc. [英] (给信徒引座、收集募捐等的)教区副执事

side spin  see 见 SIDE n. 10 

side-splitting adj.  causing violent laughter 令人捧腹大笑的

sidestep /ˈsaidstep/ n. & v. ●n.  a step taken sideways 横跨步 ●v. tr. (-stepped, -stepping)  1 esp. Football  avoid (esp. a tackle) by stepping sideways (尤)【足球】(尤指为避开阻截而)横跨一步 2  evade 回避；避开 □ sidestepper  n.  

side street n.  a minor or subsidiary street 小路，小街

sidestroke /ˈsaidstrəʊk/ n.  1  a stroke towards or from a side 朝向(或来自)侧面的打击 2  an incidental action 偶发举动 3  a swimming stroke in which the swimmer lies on his or her side 侧泳

sideswipe /ˈsaidswaip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a glancing blow along the side 擦边撞击 2  an incidental critical remark 附带的评论 ●v. tr.  hit with or as if with a sideswipe (似)擦边撞击；(似)沿边擦过

side table n.  a table placed at the side of a room or apart from the main table 墙边桌；侧桌

sidetrack /ˈsaidtræk/ n. & v. ●n.  a railway siding (铁路的)侧线 ●v. tr.  1  turn into a siding; shunt 转入侧线 2  a  postpone, evade, or divert treatment or consideration of 推迟，回避(处理或考虑)；转移(话题)b  divert (a person) from considering etc. 使(某人)转移(思路等)

side trip n.  a minor excursion during a voyage or trip; a detour (旅行中的)迂回，绕行

side valve n.  a valve in a vehicle engine, operated from the side of the cylinder (汽车发动机的)侧阀，侧气门

side view n.  1  a view obtained sideways 侧景；侧视图 2  a profile 外形；轮廓

sidewalk /ˈsaidwɔ:k/ n. N. Amer.  a pedestrian path at the side of a road; a pavement [北美]人行道

sideward /ˈsaidwəd/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  = SIDEWAYS  ●adv. (also 亦作 sidewards /-wədz/)  = SIDEWAYS 

sideways /ˈsaidweiz/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  to or from a side 向一边；朝一旁；来自一侧，来自一边  moved sideways  朝一边移动 2  with one side facing forward 一侧朝前地  sat sideways on the bus  侧坐在公共汽车上 ●adj.  1  to or from a side 向一侧的；来自一侧的  a sideways movement  侧向运动 2  unconventional, unorthodox 非常规的；非正统的  a sideways look at recent events  非常规地审视近来发生的事件 □ sidewise  adv. & adj.  

side-wheeler n. US  a steamer with paddle wheels [美]舷侧明轮船

side-whiskers n. pl.  whiskers growing on the cheeks 连鬓胡子

side wind n.  1  wind from the side 侧风 2  an indirect agency or influence 间接手段；间接影响

sidewinder1 /ˈsaidwaində/ n.  a N. American desert rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes, that moves sideways by throwing its body into S-shaped curves (产于北美的)沙漠响尾蛇(呈 S 形侧向爬行)

sidewinder2 /ˈsaidwində/ n. N. Amer.  a sideways blow [北美]侧击；横击

siding /ˈsaidiŋ/ n.  1  a short track at the side of and opening on to a railway line, used for shunting trains (铁路的)侧线，岔线 2 N. Amer.  cladding material for the outside of a building [北美] (建筑物的)外壁板

sidle /ˈsaid(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, up)  walk in a timid, furtive, stealthy, or cringing manner (胆怯、躲躲闪闪、偷偷摸摸或畏畏缩缩地)侧身而行 ●n.  the act or an instance of sidling 侧身而行 [back-formation from sideling, SIDELONG]

Sidney /ˈsidni/   悉尼 [人名]

SIDS abbr. [缩略]  sudden infant death syndrome = COT DEATH 婴儿猝死综合征

siege /si:dʒ/ n.  1  a  a military operation in which an attacking force seeks to compel the surrender of a fortified place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies etc. 围困；围堵；围攻b  a similar operation by police etc. to force the surrender of an armed person (警察等)包围(武装分子)c  the period during which a siege lasts 围困期，围攻期 2  a persistent attack or campaign of persuasion 长期围攻；诱降攻势 □ lay siege to  esp. Mil.  conduct the siege of (尤)【军】围攻；围困□ raise the siege of   abandon or cause the abandonment of an attempt to take (a place) by siege 解除围困；使放弃围困 [Middle English from Old French sege ‘seat’, from assegier BESIEGE]

siege gun n.  a heavy gun used in sieges 攻城炮

siege-train n.  artillery and other equipment for a siege, with vehicles etc. 攻城装备(炮弹、车辆等)

siemens /ˈsi:mənz/ n. Electr.  the SI unit of conductance, equal to one reciprocal ohm (abbr. 缩略 : S) 【电】西门子(电导单位，等于欧姆的倒数) [named after W. von Siemens, German electrical engineer, d. 1892]

sienna /siˈenə/ n.  1  a kind of ferruginous earth used as a pigment in paint (富铁)黄土(用作颜料) 2  its colour of yellowish brown (raw sienna 浅赭黄) or reddish brown (burnt sienna 深赭黄) 棕黄色；棕红色 [Italian (terra di) Sienna ‘(earth of) Siena’, a city and province in Tuscany]

sierra /siˈerə, siˈɛərə/ n.  a long jagged mountain chain, esp. in Spain, Spanish America, or the western US (尤指在西班牙、讲西班牙语的拉美国家或美国西部绵延的)锯齿山脊 [Spanish, from Latin serra ‘saw’]

Sierra Leone   塞拉利昂

Sierra Leonean /siˈeərəliˈəuniən/ adj. & n.  塞拉利昂的(人)

siesta /siˈestə/ n.  an afternoon sleep or rest esp. in hot countries (尤指在气候炎热国家的)午睡，午休 [Spanish, from Latin sexta (hora) ‘sixth hour’]

sieve /siv/ n. & v. ●n.  a utensil having a perforated or meshed bottom for separating solids or coarse material from liquids or fine particles, or for reducing a soft solid to a fine pulp 筛；筛网；滤器 ●v. tr.  1  put through or sift with a sieve (用筛网、滤器等)筛，滤 2  examine (evidence etc.) to select or separate 筛选(证据等) □ head like a sieve  colloq.  a memory that retains little [口]记性极差□ sievelike  adj.   [Old English sife, from West Germanic]

sievert /ˈsi:vət/ n.  an SI unit of dosage of ionizing radiation, defined as that which delivers a joule of energy per kilogram of recipient mass 西韦特(致电离辐射剂量当量计量单位) [named after R. M. Sievert, Swedish radiologist b. 1896]

sifaka /siˈfækə/ n.  a long-tailed arboreal lemur of the genus Propithecus, of Madagascar, with white to blackish-brown fur 马达加斯加狐猴(皮毛颜色从白色到棕黑色不一) [Malagasy]

siffleur /si:ˈflə, 法 siflœ:r/ n. (fem. siffleuse /-ˈflɜ:z, 法 -fløz/) Brit.  a professional whistler [英]职业吹哨手 [French from siffler ‘to whistle’]

sift /sift/ v.  1 tr.  sieve (material), esp. to separate finer and coarser parts 筛；(尤指)筛分 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from, out)  separate (finer or coarser parts) from material (从材料中)筛分 3 tr.  sprinkle (esp. sugar) from a perforated container 筛撒(尤指糖) 4 tr.  examine (evidence, facts, etc.) in order to assess authenticity etc. 细查；详查(证据) 5 intr. (of snow, light, etc.) fall as if from a sieve (雪、光线等)撒下；散落 □ sift through   examine by sifting 细查；详查□ sifter  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English siftan, from West Germanic]

Sig. abbr. [缩略]  Signor 

sigh /sai/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  emit a long deep audible breath expressive of sadness, weariness, longing, relief, etc. 叹气；叹息(以表达悲伤、疲劳、渴望或欣慰等意) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  yearn for (a lost person or thing) 渴望，思慕(失去的人或物) 3 tr.  utter or express with sighs 叹息着说  ‘Never!’ he sighed  “绝不！”他叹息着说 4 intr. (of the wind etc.) make a sound like sighing (风等)发出叹息似的声响 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of sighing 叹息；叹气 2  a sound made in sighing 叹息声；叹气声  a sigh of relief  宽慰地叹了一口气 [Middle English sihen etc., probably a back-formation from sihte, past of sīhen, from Old English sīcan]

sight /sait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the faculty of seeing with the eyes 视力；视觉  lost his sight  他失明了b  the act or an instance of seeing; the state of being seen 看到，见到；被见到 2  a thing seen; a display, show, or spectacle 被看见的事物；情景；景象  not a pretty sight  不是好看的东西 a beautiful sight  美丽的景象 3  a way of looking at or considering a thing 观点；见解  in my sight he can do no wrong  在我看来他是不会做错事的 4  a range of space within which a person etc. can see or an object be seen 视野；视域；眼界  he's out of sight  他已消失了踪影 they are just coming into sight  他们刚刚进入视线 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  noteworthy features of a town, area, etc. (城市、地区等的)名胜；景点  went to see the sights  去观赏景点了 6  a  a device on a gun or optical instrument used for assisting the precise aim or observation (枪或光学仪器上的)瞄准具；观测器b  the aim or observation so gained 瞄准；观测  got a sight of him  看到了他 7 colloq.  a person or thing having a ridiculous, repulsive, or dishevelled appearance [口]外表滑稽可笑的人(或物)；看不入眼的人(或物)  looked a perfect sight  看上去真是滑稽透顶 8 colloq.  a great quantity [口]大量  will cost a sight of money  要花大笔钱 is a sight better than he was  他现在比过去强多了 ●v. tr.  1  get sight of, esp. by approaching (尤指靠近时)见到，看到  they sighted land  他们看到了陆地 2  observe the presence of (esp. aircraft, animals, etc.) 观察到(尤指飞机、动物等)  sighted buffalo  看到了水牛 3  take observations of (a star etc.) with an instrument (用仪器)观察(星体等) 4  a  provide (a gun, quadrant, etc.) with sights 给(枪、象限仪等)装瞄准器b  adjust the sight of (a gun etc.) 调节(枪等的)瞄准器c  aim (a gun etc.) with sights 用瞄准器瞄准 □ at first sight   on first glimpse or impression 初看，乍看；初次印象□ at (or on) sight   as soon as a person or a thing has been seen 一见就…  plays music at sight  视奏(看到乐谱立即演奏) liked him on sight  一见他就喜欢上了□ catch (or lose) sight of   begin (or cease) to see or be aware of 看到，看见；意识到(没看到，没看见；没意识到)□ get a sight of   manage to see; glimpse 设法看见；瞥见□ have lost sight of   no longer know the whereabouts of 失去…的音讯□ in sight   1  visible 看得见 2  near at hand 临近；在望  salvation is in sight  救援已经临近□ in (or within) sight of   so as to see or be seen from 在看得见…的地方□ lower one's sights   become less ambitious 降低目标；降低□ out of my sight!   go at once! 立刻滚开！ □ out of sight   1  not visible 看不见的 2 colloq.  excellent; delightful [口]绝妙的；令人愉快的□ out of sight out of mind   we forget those who are absent 眼不见，心不想□ put out of sight   hide, ignore 隐藏；忽略□ set one's sights on   aim at 意欲，打算  set her sights on a directorship  她的目标是当主任□ sight for sore eyes (or Brit. [英] sight for the gods)   a welcome person or thing, esp. a visitor 受人欢迎的人(或物) (尤指来访者)□ sighter  n.   [Old English (ge)sihth]

sighted /ˈsaitid/ adj.  1  capable of seeing; not blind 看得见的；不盲的 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  having a specified kind of sight 有某种眼光的  long-sighted  目光长远的

sight-glass n.  a transparent device for observing the interior of apparatus etc. (用于观察仪器内部的)窥视镜

sighting shot n.  an experimental shot to guide gunners in adjusting their sights (为调整火器等的瞄准器而进行的)试射

sightless /ˈsaitlis/ adj.  1  blind 盲的 2 poet.  invisible [诗]看不见的，不可见的 □ sightlessly  adv.  □ sightlessness  n.  

sight line n.  a hypothetical line from a person's eye to what is seen 视线

sightly /ˈsaitli/ adj.  attractive to the sight; not unsightly 悦目的；好看的 □ sightliness  n.  

sight-read v. (past and past part. -read /-red/)  read and perform (music) at sight 视奏，见谱立即演奏(音乐) □ sight-reader  n.  

sight-screen n. Cricket  a large usu. movable white screen placed near the boundary in line with the wicket to help the batsman see the ball 【板球】(帮助击球手看清球的)助视屏

sightseer /ˈsaitsi:ə/ n.  a person who visits places of interest; a tourist 观光者；游客 □ sightsee  v. intr. & tr.  □ sightseeing  n.  

sight-sing v. tr. & intr.  sing (music) at sight 视唱(即无准备地见谱立即演唱)

sight unseen adv.  without previous inspection 未曾事先检查过

sightworthy /ˈsaitwɜ:ði/ adj.  worth seeing 值得一看的

sigillate /ˈsidʒilət/ adj.  1 (of pottery) having impressed patterns (陶器)印有图案的 2 Bot.  having seal-like marks 【植】有印痕的 [Latin sigillatus from sigillum ‘seal’, diminutive of signum ‘sign’]

siglum /siɡləm/ n. (pl. sigla /-lə/)  a letter (esp. an initial) or other symbol used to denote a word in a book, esp. to refer to a particular text (指代书中某个词，尤指代某个篇目的)字母(尤首字母)，符号 [Late Latin sigla (pl.), perhaps from singula, neut. pl. of singulus ‘single’]

sigma /ˈsiɡmə/ n.  the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊字母表中的第 18 个字母(Σ，σ , or, when final 在词末为 ,ς; also, in uncial form 亦可写成安色尔体 , C, c) [Latin from Greek]

sigmate /ˈsiɡmət/ adj.  1  sigma-shaped Σ形的；弯月形的 2  S-shaped S 形的

sigmoid /ˈsiɡmɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  curved like the uncial sigma (C); crescent-shaped C 形的；弯月形的 2  S-shaped S 形的 ●n. (in full 全称 sigmoid flexure) Anat.  the curved part of the intestine between the colon and the rectum 【解】(位于结肠和直肠之间的)乙状结肠 [Greek sigmoeidēs (as SIGMA)]

sigmoidoscopy /siɡmɔiˈdɒskəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  an examination of the lower intestine by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus 乙状结肠镜检查 □ sigmoidoscope  /siɡˈmɔidəskəʊp/ n.  

sign /sain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thing indicating or suggesting a quality or state etc.; a thing perceived as indicating a future state or occurrence (表明质量、状态、未来状况或事件的)迹象；征兆，预兆  violence is a sign of weakness  暴力是虚弱的表现 shows all the signs of decay  显示了所有衰败的迹象b  a miracle evidencing supernatural power; a portent 奇迹；奇事  did signs and wonders  创造了奇迹 2  a  a mark, symbol, or device used to represent something or to distinguish the thing on which it is put 标志，标记  marked the jar with a sign  在罐子上作了个标记b  a technical symbol used in algebra, music, etc. (用于代数、音乐等中的)符号，记号  a minus sign  减号 a repeat sign  反复记号 3  a  a gesture or action used to convey information, an order, request, etc. (用来传递信息、命令、要求等的)手势，示意动作  gave him a sign to leave  示意他离开 conversed by signs  用手势交谈b  a gesture used in a system of sign language (手势语中的)手势c  = SIGN LANGUAGE  4  a publicly displayed board etc. giving information; a signboard or signpost 指示牌；招牌；路标 5  an objective indication of a disease, usu. specified (cf. 参见 SYMPTOM 1) 症状，病症  Babinski's sign  巴宾斯基征 6  a password 口令  advanced and gave the sign  前进并发出口令 7  each of the twelve divisions of the zodiac, named from the constellations formerly situated in them (黄道十二宫的)宫  the sign of Cancer  巨蟹宫 8 US  the trail of a wild animal [美] (野兽的)足迹，踪迹 9 Math.  etc. the positiveness or negativeness of a quantity 【数】正负号 ●v.  1 tr.  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  write (one's name, initials, etc.) on a document etc. indicating that one has authorized it 签(名)，署(名)b  write one's name etc. on (a document) as authorization 签署(文件) 2 intr. & tr.  a  communicate by gesture 用手势示意  signed to me to come  招手让我过来 signed their assent  用手势表示他们同意b  communicate in a sign language 用手势语交流 3 tr. & intr.  engage or be engaged by signing a contract etc. (通过签定合约)雇用；受聘  see also 另见 sign on , sign up  4 tr.  mark with a sign (esp. with the sign of the cross in baptism) 画十字(尤指浸礼时用手画十字) □ make no sign   seem unconscious; not protest 看似未察觉；没有异议□ sign away   convey (one's right, property, etc.) by signing a deed etc. 签字让与，签字放弃(权利、财产等)□ sign for   acknowledge receipt of by signing 签收□ sign in   1  sign a register on arrival in a hotel etc. (到达旅馆等地时的)登记 2  authorize the admittance of (a person) by signing a register 签到；报到□ sign off   1  end work, broadcasting, a letter, etc., esp. by writing or speaking one's name (尤指通过签名、报上自己的姓名的方式来)结束工作；结束广播；结束写信 2  a  end a period of employment, contract, etc. 结束雇用；终止合同b  end the period of employment or contract of (a person) 终止(某人)的雇用期(或合同) 3 Brit.  register to stop receiving unemployment benefit after finding work [英] (找到工作后)登记停领失业救济金 4 Bridge  indicate by a conventional bid that one is seeking to end the bidding 【桥牌】示弱止叫□ sign on   1  agree to a contract, employment, etc. 同意签约 2  begin work, broadcasting, etc., esp. by writing or announcing one's name (尤指通过签名、报上自己的姓名来)开始工作；宣布广播开始 3  employ (a person) 雇用(某人) 4 Brit.  register as unemployed [英]失业登记□ sign out   1  sign a register on leaving a hotel etc. (离开旅馆等时)签字离开 2  authorize the release or record the departure of (a person or thing) by signing a register 签字放行；登记离开□ sign up   1  engage or employ (a person) 雇用(某人) 2  enlist in the armed forces 应征，报名参军 3  a  commit (another person or oneself) by signing etc. 签名保证，签名表态  signed you up for dinner  把你列入参加晚餐的人中了b  enrol 报名，登记  signed up for evening classes  报名上夜校□ signable  adj.  □ signer  n.   [Middle English via Old French signe, signer from Latin signum, signare]

signage /ˈsainidʒ/ n.  signs collectively, esp. commercial or public display signs (总称)标记，标志；(尤指)商业广告牌

signal1 /ˈsiɡn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a usu. pre-arranged sign conveying information, guidance, etc. esp. at a distance (尤指在一定距离内、通常事先已约定好的)信号，暗号  waved as a signal to begin  挥手示意开始b  a message made up of such signs (信号传达的)信息  signals made with flags  用旗子发出的信息 2  an immediate occasion for, or cause, of movement, action, etc. (运动、行动等的)起因，导火线  the uprising was a signal for repression  起义遭到了镇压 3 Electr. 【电】  a  an electrical impulse or impulses or radio waves transmitted or received (电子脉冲、无线电波等)信号b  a sequence of these 一连串电子信号 4  a light, semaphore, etc., on a railway giving instructions or warnings to train drivers etc. 交通信号灯，交通指示灯 5 Bridge  a pre-arranged mode of bidding or play to convey information to one's partner 【桥牌】(向搭挡发出某种信息的)信号叫牌，信号牌 ●v. (signalled, signalling; US signaled, signaling)  1 intr.  make signals 发信号 2 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  make signals to; direct 向…发出信号；用信号指示b  transmit (an order, information, etc.) by signal; announce 用信号传递(命令、信息等)；用信号宣布  signalled her agreement  她发出同意的信息 signalled that the town had been taken  发出城市已被攻占的信息 □ signaller  n.   [Middle English from Old French, via Romanic & medieval Latin signale, neut. of Late Latin signalis, from Latin signum SIGN]

signal2 /ˈsiɡn(ə)l/ adj.  remarkably good or bad; noteworthy 显著的，非常的；重大的  a signal victory  巨大的胜利 □ signally  adv.   [French signalé from Italian past part. segnalato ‘distinguished’, from segnale SIGNAL1]

signal-book n.  a list of signals arranged for sending esp. naval and military messages (尤指有关传送海军和军事信息的)信号手册

signal box n. Brit.  a building beside a railway track from which signals, points, etc., are controlled [英] (铁路上的)信号所，信号塔

signalize /ˈsiɡn(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make noteworthy or remarkable 使显著，使突出 2  lend distinction or lustre to 使闻名，使有光彩 3  indicate 指示，表明

signalman /ˈsiɡn(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a railway employee responsible for operating signals and points (铁路上的)信号员 2  a person who displays or receives naval etc. signals (海军等的)信号兵

signal of distress n. esp. Naut.  an appeal for help, esp. from a ship by firing guns (尤)【海】(尤指轮船上鸣枪发出的)求救信号

signal-to-noise ratio n.  the ratio of the strength of an electrical or other signal carrying information to that of unwanted interference, usu. expressed in decibels 信号噪声比

signal tower n. US  = SIGNAL BOX 

signary /ˈsiɡnəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a list of signs constituting the syllabic or alphabetic symbols of a language (构成语言的音节符号或字母符号的)字符表 [Latin signum SIGN + -ARY1, on the pattern of syllabary]

signatory /ˈsiɡnət(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a party or esp. a state that has signed an agreement or esp. a treaty (尤指条约等的)签署方，签约国 ●adj.  having signed such an agreement etc. 签署的，签约的 [Latin signatorius ‘of sealing’ from signare signat- ‘to sign, mark’]

signature /ˈsiɡnətʃə/ n.  1  a  a person's name, initials, or mark used in signing a letter, document, etc. (书信、文件等的)署名，签名b  the act of signing a document etc. 签名，签字 2  a distinctive pattern or characteristic by which something can be identified 识别标志，识别特征 3 Mus. 【音】  a  = KEY SIGNATURE b  = TIME SIGNATURE  4 Printing 【印刷】  a  a letter or figure placed at the foot of one or more pages of each sheet of a book as a guide for binding 折标(指印在书贴首页下部指示装订次序的字母或数字)b  such a sheet after folding 书帖(印好后依页码次序可折成一迭的书页) 5 US  directions given to a patient as part of a medical prescription [美] (处方上告诉病人药物用法及用量的部分的)说明，用法签 [medieval Latin signatura (in Late Latin = marking of sheep), as SIGNATORY]

signature dish n.  a speciality dish created by and associated with a particular chef 特色菜

signature tune n. esp. Brit.  a distinctive tune used to introduce a particular programme or performer on television or radio [尤英] (引出某个电视或广播节目的)信号曲

signboard /ˈsainbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a name or symbol etc. displayed outside a shop or hotel etc. 广告牌；告示牌；布告牌

signee /saiˈni:/ n.  a person who has signed a contract, register, etc. (合同、登记薄等的)签名者，签字者

signet /ˈsiɡnit/ n.  1  a seal used instead of or with a signature as authentication 小图章，私章 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the royal seal formerly used for special purposes in England and Scotland, and in Scotland later as the seal of the Court of Session (旧时英格兰和苏格兰为了特殊目的而使用的)玉玺；(苏格兰最高民事法庭的)官印 [Middle English from Old French signet or medieval Latin signetum (as SIGN)]

signet ring n.  a ring with a seal set in it 图章戒指

significance /siɡˈnifik(ə)ns/ n.  1  importance; noteworthiness 重要；重大  his opinion is of no significance  他的观点不重要 2  a concealed or real meaning 含意，意义  what is the significance of his statement?  他讲话的含意是什么？ 3  the state of being significant 重要性 4 Statistics  the extent to which a result deviates from that expected to arise simply from random variation or errors in sampling 【统计学】显著，有效 [Old French significance or Latin significantia (as SIGNIFY)]

significant /siɡˈnifik(ə)nt/ adj.  1  having a meaning; indicative 有意义的；含有意味的 2  having an unstated or secret meaning; suggestive 表示…的，暗示…的  refused it with a significant gesture  做了个手势表示拒绝 3  noteworthy; important; consequential 重要的，重大的，影响深远的  a significant figure in history  重要的历史人物 4 Statistics  of or relating to significance; departing from the null hypothesis 【统计学】显著的，有效的 □ significantly  adv.   [Latin significare: see SIGNIFY]

significant figure n. Math.  a digit conveying information about a number containing it, and not a zero used simply to fill vacant space at the beginning or end 【数】有效数字

signification /ˌsiɡnifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of signifying 表示；表明 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  exact meaning or sense, esp. of a word or phrase (尤指词或短语的)含义，意义 [Middle English via Old French from Latin significatio -onis (as SIGNIFY)]

significative /siɡˈnifikətiv/ adj.  1 (esp. of a symbol etc.) signifying (尤指符号等)表示的，表明的 2  having a meaning 有意义的；含有意味的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  serving as a sign or evidence 显示…的；证明…的 [Middle English from Old French significatif -ive or Late Latin significativus (as SIGNIFY)]

signify /ˈsiɡnifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  be a sign or indication of 表示；表明  a yawn signifies boredom  打哈欠表示厌倦 2 tr.  mean; have as its meaning 意味着；表示…的意思  ‘Dr’ signifies ‘doctor’  ‘Dr’ 表示 ‘doctor’ 的意思 3 tr.  communicate; make known 传达；使知晓  signified their agreement  表示他们同意 4 intr.  be of importance; matter 具有重要性；要紧  it signifies little  这无关紧要 □ signifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French signifier from Latin significare (as SIGN)]

signing /ˈsainiŋ/ n. Brit.  a person who has recently signed a contract, esp. to join a professional sports team [英] (尤指参加职业运动队的)合同签署者

sign language n.  a system of communication by visual gestures, used esp. by the deaf (尤指聋人使用的)手势语，手语

sign-off n. Bridge  a conventional bid made to indicate that the bidder wishes to end bidding 【桥牌】示弱止叫

sign of the cross n.  a Christian sign made in blessing or prayer, by tracing a cross from the forehead to the chest and to each shoulder, or in the air (在祝福或祈求基督保佑时从额头到胸再从左肩到右肩或在空中)画十字的手势

sign of the times n.  a portent etc. showing a likely trend 时局动向

signor /ˈsi:njɔ:/ n. (pl. signori /-ˈnjɔ:ri:/)  1  a title or form of address used of or to an Italian-speaking man, corresponding to Mr or sir 先生，阁下(对讲意大利语的男子的尊称) 2  an Italian man 意大利男子 [Italian from Latin senior: see SENIOR]

signora /si:nˈjɔ:rə/ n.  1  a title or form of address used of or to an Italian-speaking married woman, corresponding to Mrs or madam 夫人，太太(对讲意大利语的已婚女子的尊称) 2  a married Italian woman (已婚的)意大利妇女 [Italian, fem. of SIGNOR]

signorina /si:njəˈri:nə/ n.  1  a title or form of address used of or to an Italian-speaking unmarried woman 小姐(对讲意大利语的未婚女子的尊称) 2  an Italian unmarried woman (未婚的)意大利女子 [Italian, diminutive of SIGNORA]

signory /ˈsi:njəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  = SEIGNIORY  2 hist.  the governing body of a medieval Italian republic [史义] (中世纪意大利共和国的)执政团 [Middle English from Old French s(e)ignorie (as SEIGNEUR)]

signpost /ˈsainpəʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sign indicating the direction to and sometimes also the distance from various places, esp. a post with arms at a road junction 指向标；指示牌；(尤指三叉路口的)路标 2  a means of guidance; an indication 指示；标志 ●v. tr.  1  provide with a signpost or signposts 设置指示牌；设置路标 2 esp. Brit.  indicate (a course of action, direction, etc.) [尤英]指示(行动方向等)；指导，指引

signwriter /ˈsainraitə/ n. (also 亦作 sign-painter)  a person who paints signboards etc. 书写招牌的人 □ signwriting  n.  

sika /ˈsi:kə/ n.  a forest-dwelling deer, Cervus nippon, native to Japan and SE Asia and naturalized in Britain and elsewhere 梅花鹿(一种生活在森林里的鹿，原产于日本和东南亚，后被英国和其他各国引入) [Japanese shika]

Sikh /si:k/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of an Indian monotheistic sect founded in the 16th c. 锡克教教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to Sikhs or Sikhism 锡克教教徒的；锡克教的 [Punjabi, Hindi, from Sanskrit šisya ‘disciple’]

Sikhism /ˈsi:kiz(ə)m, ˈsik-/ n.  the religious tenets of the Sikhs 锡克教

Sikkim   锡金

silage /ˈsailidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  storage in a silo 青贮贮存 2  green fodder preserved by pressure in a silo 青贮草料 ●v. tr.  put into a silo 青贮，把…放入青贮窖 [alteration of ENSILAGE, influenced by silo]

sild /sild/ n.  a small immature herring, esp. one caught in N. European seas (尤指北欧海域捕获的)小鲱鱼 [Danish & Norwegian]

silence /ˈsailəns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  absence of sound 寂静，无声 2  abstinence from speech or noise 默不作声，沉默 3  the avoidance of mentioning a thing, betraying a secret, etc. (为避免提及某事、保密等而采取的)缄默 4  oblivion; the state of not being mentioned 遗忘；不提，不谈，不答 ●v. tr.  1  make silent, esp. by coercion or superior argument (尤指通过强制或论证)使安静，使缄默 2 (usu. as 通常作 silenced adj.)  fit (a gun, exhaust system, etc.) with a silencer (给枪、排气系统等)安装消音器 □ in silence   without speech or other sound 安静地；沉默地；无声地□ reduce (or put) to silence   refute in argument 使哑口无言，驳倒 [Middle English via Old French from Latin silentium (as SILENT)]

silencer /ˈsailənsə/ n.  any of various devices for reducing the noise emitted by a gun or Brit. the exhaust of a motor vehicle (枪支上的)消音器；[英] (汽车排气管的)消声器

silent /ˈsailənt/ adj.  1  not speaking; not uttering or making or accompanied by any sound 缄默的，不语的，无声的 2 (of a letter) written but not pronounced, e.g. b in doubt (字母)不发音的 (如 doubt 中的 b 不发音) 3 (of a film) without a synchronized soundtrack (电影)无声的 4 (of a person) taciturn; speaking little (人)寡言的；不爱说话的 5  saying or recording nothing on some subject 未(被)记述的，未(被)谈及的  the records are silent on the incident  记录中未记述此事件 6 (of spirits) unflavoured (烈酒)未调味的 □ silently  adv.   [Latin silēre silent- ‘be silent’]

silent majority n.  those of moderate opinions who rarely assert them 沉默的大多数

silent partner n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SLEEPING PARTNER 

silenus /saiˈli:nəs/ n. (pl. sileni /-nai/) (in Greek mythology) a bearded old man like a satyr, sometimes with the tail and legs of a horse (希腊神话中的)赛利纳斯，森林之神(形象为长着马尾和马腿的络腮胡子老人) [Latin from Greek seilēnos]

silex /ˈsaileks/ n.  silica, esp. quartz or flint 赛力克斯咖啡壶 [Latin (as SILICA)]

silhouette /silʊˈet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a representation of a person or thing showing the outline only, usu. done in solid black on white or cut from paper (通常指衬在白色背景上的)黑色侧影，(用纸剪成的)剪影 2  the dark shadow or outline of a person or thing against a lighter background (浅色背景上的)深色轮廓 ●v. tr.  represent or (usu. in passive 通常用被动) show in silhouette 使显出轮廓 □ in silhouette   seen or placed in outline 以轮廓表示 [named, for an obscure reason, after Étienne de Silhouette, French author and politician d. 1767]

silica /ˈsilikə/ n.  silicon dioxide, occurring as quartz etc. and as a principal constituent of sandstone and other rocks (作为石英的、沙石和其他岩石的主要成分的)硅石，二氧化硅 □ siliceous  /-ˈliʃəs/ adj. (also 亦作 silicious)   [Latin silex -icis ‘flint’, on the pattern of alumina etc.]

silica gel n.  hydrated silica in a hard granular hygroscopic form used as a desiccant 硅胶(用作干燥剂)

silicate /ˈsilikeit, -kət/ n.  any of the many insoluble compounds of a metal combined with silicon and oxygen, occurring widely in the rocks of the earth's crust 硅酸盐(广泛存在于地壳的岩石中)

silicic /siˈlisik/ adj. Chem.  of silica or silicon 【化】硅的，像硅的，含硅的

silicify /siˈlisifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  convert into or impregnate with silica 使硅化 □ silicification  /-sifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

silicon /ˈsilik(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a metalloid element occurring widely in silica and silicates, and used in the manufacture of glass (symbol 符 Si) 【化】(化学元素)硅(广泛存在于硅石和硅酸盐中，用于制造玻璃) [Latin silex -icis ‘flint’ (on the pattern of carbon, boron), alteration of earlier silicium]

silicon carbide n.  = CARBORUNDUM 

silicon chip n.  a silicon microchip 硅片

silicone /ˈsilikəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  any of the many polymeric organic compounds of silicon and oxygen with high resistance to cold, heat, water, and the passage of electricity (聚)硅氧烷，(聚)硅酮，硅有机树脂(一种抗冷、热、水、电流的化学物质) ●v. tr.  treat with silicone 用硅酮处理

Silicon Valley n.  an area with a high concentration of electronics industries 硅谷(电子工业高度集中的地区)

silicosis /siliˈkəʊsis/ n.  lung fibrosis caused by the inhalation of dust containing silica 硅肺(吸入过量硅尘而引起的疾病) □ silicotic  /-ˈkɒtik/ adj.  

siliqua /ˈsilikwə/ n. (also 亦作 silique /siˈli:k/) (pl. siliquae /-kwi:/ or siliques /siˈli:ks/)  the long narrow seed pod of a cruciferous plant 长角(荚) (十字花科的狭长形豆荚) □ siliquose  /-kwəʊs/ adj.  □ siliquous  /-kwəs/ adj.   [Latin, = pod]

silk /silk/ n.  1  a fine strong soft lustrous fibre produced by silkworms in making cocoons 丝，蚕丝 2  a similar fibre spun by some spiders etc. (蜘蛛等织出的)丝 3  a  thread or cloth made from silk fibre 丝线，丝绸b  a fine soft thread 丝线  embroidery silk  刺绣用丝线 4 (in pl. 用复数)  kinds of silk cloth or garments made from it, esp. as worn by a jockey in a horse-owner's colours (尤指骑师在赛马中穿的)丝绸衣服 5 Brit. colloq.  Queen's (or King's) Counsel, as having the right to wear a silk gown [英口]皇室律师(因有权穿绸袍而得名) 6 (作 attrib.)  made of silk 丝的，丝制的  silk blouse  丝绸女衬衫 7  the silky styles of the female maize-flower (雌玉米花的)穗丝，须 □ take silk  Brit.  become a Queen's (or King's) Counsel [英]成为皇室律师□ silklike  adj.   [Old English sioloc, seolec from Late Latin sericum, neut. of Latin sericus, ultimately from Greek Sēres, the name given to the inhabitants of the Far Eastern countries from which silk first came to Europe]

silk cotton n.  kapok or a similar substance 木棉，丝光木棉

silken /ˈsilk(ə)n/ adj.  1  made of silk 丝制的，丝绸的 2  wearing silk 穿丝绸衣服的 3  soft or lustrous as silk 丝般柔软的，有丝般光泽的 4 (of a person's manner etc.) suave or insinuating (人的举止等)轻柔的，温和的；讨好的，柔媚的 [Old English seolcen (as SILK)]

silk-fowl n.  a breed of fowl with a silky plumage 细毛禽

silk-gland n.  a gland secreting the substance produced as silk 丝腺

silk hat n.  a tall cylindrical hat covered with silk plush 圆筒缎面礼帽

silk moth n.  any of various large moths of the families Bombycidae and Saturniidae, whose caterpillars spin a protective silken cocoon, esp. the adult of the silkworm 蚕蛾(其幼虫吐丝结茧来保护自己)

silk screen n. & v. ●n.  a screen of fine mesh used in screen printing (丝网印刷中使用的)丝网 ●v. tr. (作 silk-screen)  print, decorate, or reproduce using a silk screen 用丝网印刷术印制(或装饰、复印)

silkworm /ˈsilkwɜ:m/ n.  the caterpillar of the moth Bombyx mori, which spins a cocoon of silk and is bred commercially for this 蚕 [Old English seolcwyrm (as SILK, WORM)]

silky /ˈsilki/ adj. (silkier, silkiest)  1  like silk in smoothness, softness, fineness, or lustre 丝似的，柔软的，光滑的，有光泽的 2 (of a person's manner etc.) suave, insinuating (人的举止等)轻柔的，温和的；讨好的，柔媚的 □ silkily  adv.  □ silkiness  n.  

sill /sil/ n. (also 亦作 (esp. Building (尤)【建筑术】) cill)  1  a shelf or slab of stone, wood, or metal at the foot of a window or doorway 门槛；窗台 2  a horizontal timber at the bottom of a dock or lock entrance, against which the gates close (船坞、船闸等的)槛，闸 3 Geol.  a tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between other rocks and parallel with their planar structure 【地质】岩床；山脊 [Old English syll, sylle]

sillabub var.  of SYLLABUB  SYLLABUB 的变体

sillimanite /ˈsilimənait/ n.  an aluminium silicate occurring in orthorhombic crystals or fibrous masses (存在于斜方晶水晶或织维土中的)硅线石 [named after B. Silliman, American chemist d. 1864]

silly /ˈsili/ adj. & n. ●adj. (sillier, silliest)  1  lacking sense; foolish, imprudent, unwise 傻的；愚蠢的；鲁莽的；不明智的 2  weak-minded 弱智的 3 Cricket (of a fielder or position) very close to the batsman 【板球】(防守员或位置)靠近击球员的  silly mid-off  靠近击球员的投手左侧的外场员 4 archaic  innocent, simple, helpless [古义]单纯的；质朴的；无助的 ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a foolish person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 □ sillily  adv.  □ silliness  n.   [later form of Middle English sely (dialect seely) ‘happy’, representing Old English sœˉlig (recorded in unsœˉlig ‘unhappy’), from Germanic]

silly billy n. colloq.  a foolish person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋

silly season n.  high summer as the season when newspapers often publish trivial material for lack of important news 新闻淡季(报纸在盛夏因缺乏重大新闻而只得登载无聊内容的时期)

silo /ˈsailəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a pit or airtight structure in which green crops are pressed and kept for fodder, undergoing fermentation 青贮窑(贮藏草料用的坑或密封结构) 2  a pit or tower for the storage of grain, cement, etc. 筒仓(用于储存粮食、水泥等) 3  an underground chamber in which a guided missile is kept ready for firing (导弹的)地下发射室 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  make silage of 青贮(饲料) [Spanish, via Latin sirus from Greek siros ‘corn-pit’]

silt /silt/ n. & v. ●n.  sediment deposited by water in a channel, harbour, etc. (管道、港口等中的)淤泥 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  choke or be choked with silt (使)淤塞；被淤塞 □ siltation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ silty  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps related to Danish, Norwegian sylt, Old Low German sulta, Old High German sulza ‘salt marsh’: related to SALT]

siltstone /ˈsiltstəʊn/ n.  rock of consolidated silt 粉砂岩

Silurian /saiˈljʊəriən, si-/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the third period of the Palaeozoic era with evidence of the first fish and land plants, and the formation of mountains and new land areas. 志留纪的，志留系的 ●n.  this period or system 志留纪，志留系 [Latin Silures, a people of ancient SE Wales]

silva var.  of SYLVA  SYLVA 的变体

silvan var.  of SYLVAN  SYLVAN 的变体

silver /ˈsilvə/ n., adj. & v. ●n. Chem.  1  a greyish-white lustrous malleable ductile precious metallic element, occurring naturally as the element and in mineral form, and used chiefly with an admixture of harder metals for coin, plate, and ornaments, as a subordinate monetary medium, and in compounds for photography etc. (symbol 符 Ag) 【化】(化学元素)银 2  the colour of silver 银白色 3  silver or cupro-nickel coins 银币；镍币 4 esp. Sc.  money [尤苏格兰]金钱 5  silver vessels or implements, esp. cutlery 银器(尤指餐具) 6  household cutlery of any material 家用餐具 7  = SILVER MEDAL  ●adj.  1  made wholly or chiefly of silver 银制的，银质的 2  coloured like silver 银白色的 ●v.  1 tr.  coat or plate with silver 给…包银；给…镀银 2 tr.  provide (mirror glass) with a backing of tin amalgam etc. 在(玻璃镜子背后)镀锡汞合金 3 tr. (of the moon or a white light) give a silvery appearance to (月光或白光)使…呈银色 4  a tr.  turn (the hair) grey or white 使(头发)变成银灰(或白)色b intr. (of the hair) turn grey or white (头发)变成银灰(或白)色 [Old English seolfor, from Germanic]

silver age n.  a period regarded as inferior to a golden age, e.g. that of post-classical Latin literature in the early Imperial period 白银时代(指次于黄金时代的兴盛时期，如早期帝国时期的后古典拉丁文学时代)

silver band n. Brit.  a band playing silver-plated instruments [英]银色铜管乐队

silver birch n.  a common birch, Betula alba, with silver-coloured bark 白桦(树)

silver fern n.  1  a New Zealand tree fern, Cyathea dealbata (产于新西兰的)蕨类植物 2  a stylized silver fern leaf as an emblem of New Zealand (作为新西兰的一个象征物的)银白蕨叶

silver fir n.  any fir of the genus Abies, with the undersides of its leaves coloured silver 云杉

silverfish /ˈsilvəfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  1  any small silvery wingless insect of the order Thysanura, esp. Lepisma saccharina in houses and other buildings 蠹鱼(房屋和建筑物中的一种银色无翅的小昆虫) 2  a silver-coloured fish, esp. a colourless variety of goldfish 银白色的鱼(尤指银色金鱼)

silver fox n.  1  an American red fox at a time when its fur is black with white tips 银狐(产于美洲的一种红狐，其黑色皮毛的近尖端处在某个时期会出现白色条纹) 2  its fur 银狐毛皮

silver gilt n.  1  gilded silver 镀金的白银 2  an imitation gilding of yellow lacquer over silver leaf (涂黄色油漆于银箔上的)仿镀金的银制品

silver grey n. & adj. ●n.  a lustrous grey 银灰色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 银灰色的

silver jubilee n.  1  the 25th anniversary of a sovereign's accession (君主登基的)25 周年纪念 2  any other 25th anniversary 25 周年纪念

silver Latin n.  literary Latin of the early Imperial period (早期帝国时期的)白银时代文学体拉丁语

silver-leaf n.  a fungal disease of fruit trees (果树的)真菌类病

silver lining n.  a consolation or hopeful feature in misfortune (困境中的)一线希望(或慰藉)

silver medal n.  a silver-coloured medal, usu. awarded as second prize 银质奖章，银牌(通常为二等奖颁发)

silvern /ˈsilv(ə)n/ adj. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  = SILVERadj.  [Old English seolfren, silfren (as SILVER)]

silver nitrate n.  a colourless solid, soluble in water, formerly used in photography Chem. formula 化学分子式 : AgNO3 硝酸银

silver paper n.  1 esp. Brit.  aluminium or occasionally tin foil [尤英]铝箔；锡箔 2  a fine white tissue paper for wrapping silver (包裹银器的)细白薄纸

silver plate n.  vessels, spoons, etc., of copper etc. plated with silver 镀银器皿

silver salmon n.  = COHO 

silver sand n. Brit.  a fine pure sand used in gardening [英] (园艺中用的)细沙

silver screen n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  motion pictures collectively (总称)电影

silverside /ˈsilvəsaid/ n.  1 Brit.  the upper side of a round of beef from the outside of the leg [英] (最上部的)牛腿肉 2 (also 亦作 silversides)  a small fish of the mainly marine family Atherinidae, with a silver line along the side 银汉鱼(身体边侧有一条银白色线的小海鱼)

silversmith /ˈsilvəsmiθ/ n.  a worker in silver; a manufacturer of silver articles 银(器)匠 □ silversmithing  n.  

silver solder n.  solder containing silver 银焊料

silver spoon n.  a sign of future prosperity 财富，富贵

silver standard n.  a system by which the value of a currency is defined in terms of silver, for which the currency may be exchanged 银本位(一种以固定量的白银作为通货基本单位的币值制度)

silver thaw n.  the formation of a glassy coating of ice on the ground or an exposed surface by freezing rain or the refreezing of thawed ice 雨凇，冻雨(雨水冻结在地面或其他表面上形成的薄冰层或是融化的冰再度冻结形成的薄冰层)

silver tongue n.  eloquence 口才，辩才

silverware /ˈsilvəwɛə/ n.  articles made of or coated with silver 银器

silver wedding n.  the 25th anniversary of a wedding 银婚(结婚 25 周年纪念)

silverweed /ˈsilvəwi:d/ n.  a plant with silvery leaves, esp. a potentilla, Potentilla anserina, with silver-coloured leaves 鹅绒委陵菜(叶片呈银色)

silvery /ˈsilv(ə)ri/ adj.  1  like silver in colour or appearance 如银的，银色的 2  having a clear gentle ringing sound (声音)银铃般的，清脆悦耳的 3 (of the hair) white and lustrous (头发)银白色的 □ silveriness  n.  

Silvia /ˈsilviə/   西尔维亚 [人名]

silviculture /ˈsilvikʌltʃə/ n. (also 亦作 sylviculture)  the growing and tending of trees as a branch of forestry 造林学 □ silvicultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ silviculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃərist/ n.   [French, from Latin silva ‘a wood’ + French culture CULTURE]

sima /ˈsaimə/ n. Geol. 【地质】  1  the lower layer of the earth's crust, underlying both the oceans and continental masses 硅镁圈，硅镁带，硅镁层(地壳中较低的一层，海底和大陆板块底部主要为此成分) 2  the material of this, relatively heavy basic rock rich in silica and magnesia 硅镁材料 [SILICA + MAGNESIA]

simian /ˈsimiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning the anthropoid apes 类人猿的，猿猴的 2  like an ape or monkey 似猿的；似猴的  a simian walk  像猿一样行走 ●n.  an ape or monkey 猿，猴 [Latin simia ‘ape’, perhaps via Latin simus from Greek simos ‘flat-nosed’]

similar /ˈsimilə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  like, alike; of the same kind, nature, or amount; having a resemblance 近似的，类似的，相似的  your house is similar to mine  你的房子与我的相似 we have similar tastes  我们的品味相似 2 Geom.  shaped alike 【几】相似的 ●n.  a person or thing similar to another; a counterpart 相似之人；相似之物 □ similarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ similarly  adv.   [French similaire or medieval Latin similaris from Latin similis ‘like’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, similar should be followed by to, not as. The following are non-standard: I have had similar problems as yourself; You've come up with similar suggestions as we have. They can be reworded as follows: I have had problems similar to yours; You've come up with suggestions similar to ours. 在释义 1 中， similar 后应跟 to 而不是 as 。下面的句子是不标准的 : I have had similar problems as yourself (我的问题与你的相似)； You've come up with similar suggestions as we have (你提出的建议与我们的相似)。这两句可以修改如下 : I have had problems similar to yours (我的问题与你的相似)； You've come up with suggestions similar to ours (你提出的建议与我们的相似)。 

simile /ˈsimili/ n.  1  a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another of a different kind, as an illustration or ornament (e.g. 如 : as brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇敢) 明喻(一种把一种事物比作另一种事物的修辞手段) 2  the use of such comparison 明喻用法 [Middle English from Latin, neut. of similis ‘like’]

similitude /siˈmilitju:d/ n.  1  the likeness, guise, or outward appearance of a thing or person 相似，类似 2  a comparison or the expression of a comparison 比喻，比拟 3 archaic  a counterpart or facsimile [古义]相似之人(或物)；复制品 [Middle English from Old French similitude or Latin similitudo (as SIMILE)]

simmer /ˈsimə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  be or keep bubbling or boiling gently 煨；炖 2 intr.  be in a state of suppressed anger or excitement 按捺着愤怒(或兴奋)的状态 ●n.  a simmering condition 慢慢沸腾的状态 □ simmer down   become calm or less agitated 冷静下来；息怒 [alteration of Middle English (now dialect) simper, perhaps imitative]

simnel cake /ˈsimn(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a rich fruit cake, usu. with a marzipan layer and decoration, eaten esp. at Easter or during Lent [英] (尤在复活节或大斋期吃的)水果蛋糕(通常面上裱花，浇有杏仁蛋白糊) [Middle English from Old French simenel, ultimately from Latin simila or Greek semidalis ‘fine flour’]

Simon /ˈsaimən/   西蒙 [人名]

simon-pure /saimənˈpjʊə/ adj.  real, genuine 真正的，纯正的 [(the real) Simon Pure, a character in Centlivre's Bold Stroke for a Wife (1717), who for part of the play is impersonated by another character]

simony /ˈsaiməni, ˈsim-/ n.  the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, e.g. pardons or benefices 买卖圣职(罪) □ simoniac  /-ˈməʊniæk/ adj. & n.  □ simoniacal  /-ˈnaiək(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French simonie from Late Latin simonia, from Simon Magus (Acts 8:18)]

simoom /siˈmu:m/ n. (also 亦作 simoon /-mu:n/)  a hot dry dust-laden wind blowing at intervals esp. in the Arabian desert 西蒙风(尤指阿拉伯沙漠地带的干热、卷有黄土的风) [Arabic samūm from samma ‘to poison’]

simp /simp/ n. US colloq.  a simpleton [美口]笨蛋，傻瓜 [abbreviation]

simpatico /simˈpætikəʊ/ adj.  congenial, likeable 协调的，一致的；讨人喜欢的，可爱的 [Italian & Spanish (as SYMPATHY)]

simper /ˈsimpə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  smile in a silly or affected way 傻笑；假笑 2 tr.  express by or with simpering 傻笑着说；假笑着说 ●n.  a silly or affected smile 傻笑；假笑 □ simperingly  adv.   [16th c., of unkown origin: cf. Dutch and Scandinavian semper, simper, German zimp(f)er ‘elegant, delicate’]

simple /ˈsimp(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (simpler, simplest)  1  easily understood or done; presenting no difficulty 简单的，简易的，简明的  a simple explanation  简明的解释 a simple task  简单的任务 2  not complicated or elaborate; without luxury or sophistication 朴素的，简朴的 3  not compound; consisting of or involving only one element or operation etc. 非复合的；单一的 4  absolute, unqualified, straightforward 纯粹的，完全的，直率的  the simple truth  纯粹的事实 a simple majority  绝大多数 5  foolish or ignorant; gullible, feeble-minded 愚蠢的；无知的；弱智的  am not so simple as to agree to that  我还没有蠢到会同意那件事 6  plain in appearance or manner; unsophisticated, ingenuous, artless 一般的，普通的；不复杂的，单纯的 7  of low rank; humble, insignificant 低微的，微贱的；不重要的，不足道的  simple people  微贱的人们 8 Bot. 【植】  a  consisting of one part 单一体的b (of fruit) formed from one pistil (果实)由单雌蕊结出的 ●n. archaic [古义]  1  a herb used medicinally 药草 2  a medicine made from it 草药 □ simpleness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin simplus]

simple eye n.  an eye of an insect etc. having only one lens Also called 亦称作 OCELLUS; cf. 参见 COMPOUND EYE (昆虫等的)单眼

simple fracture n.  a fracture of the bone only, without a skin wound 单纯骨折，无创骨折

simple harmonic motion  see 见 HARMONIC MOTION 

simple interest n.  interest payable on a capital sum only (cf. 参见 COMPOUND INTEREST) 单利(单以本金记利的利息)

simple interval n. Mus.  an interval of one octave or less 【音】单(八度)音程

simple machine n.  any of the basic mechanical devices for applying a force (e.g. an inclined plane, wedge, or lever) 简单机械(如斜面、楔子或杠杆)

simple-minded adj.  1  feeble-minded; foolish 头脑简单的；愚蠢的 2  unsophisticated; ingenuous 纯朴的，单纯的 □ simple-mindedly  adv.  □ simple-mindedness  n.  

simple sentence n.  a sentence with a single subject and predicate 简单句(只含一个主语和谓语的句子)

Simple Simon n.  a foolish person (from the nursery-rhyme character) 傻瓜，蠢人(源自童谣中的一个人物)

simple time n. Mus.  a tempo with two, three, or four beats in a bar 【音】单拍子(一小节有二、三或四拍的拍子)

simpleton /ˈsimp(ə)lt(ə)n/ n.  a foolish, gullible, or half-witted person 傻瓜，笨蛋 [SIMPLE, on the pattern of surnames from place names in -ton]

simplex /ˈsimpleks/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  simple; not compounded 单一的，单纯的 2 Computing (of a communication system, computer circuit, etc.) allowing transmission of signals in one direction only (opp. 反义 DUPLEX adj. 3) 【计算】(通信系统、计算机电路等)单工的，单式的 ●n.  a simple or uncompounded thing, esp. a word 简单词 [Latin, = single, variant of simplus ‘simple’]

simplicity /simˈplisiti/ n.  the fact or condition of being simple 简单，简易；简明 □ be simplicity itself   be extremely easy 极其简单 [Old French simplicité or Latin simplicitas (as SIMPLEX)]

simplify /ˈsimplifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make simple; make easy or easier to do or understand 简化；使简易，使简明 □ simplification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French simplifier from medieval Latin simplificare (as SIMPLE)]

simplism /ˈsimpliz(ə)m/ n.  1  affected simplicity 故作简单 2  the unjustifiable simplification of a problem etc. (对问题等的)过分简单化

simplistic /simˈplistik/ adj.  1  excessively or affectedly simple 过分简单的；故作简单的 2  oversimplified so as to conceal or distort difficulties (为掩盖或曲解困难而)过分简单化的 □ simplistically  adv.  

simply /ˈsimpli/ adv.  1  in a simple manner 简单地，简易地；简明地 2  absolutely; without doubt 完全；简直  simply astonishing  简直令人震惊 3  merely 仅仅，只不过  was simply trying to please  仅仅想讨好

simulacrum /simjʊˈleikrəm/ n. (pl. simulacra /-krə/)  1  an image of something 影像，像 2  a  a shadowy likeness; a deceptive substitute 幻影，幻象b  mere pretence 假象 [Latin (as SIMULATE)]

simulate /ˈsimjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  a  pretend to have or feel (an attribute or feeling) 假装b  pretend to be 冒充，假冒 2  imitate or counterfeit 模仿；伪造 3  a  imitate the conditions of (a situation etc.), e.g. for training (为训练)模拟(某种环境条件等)b  produce a computer model of (a process) 制作电脑模拟(某过程)的计算机模型 4 (as 作 simulated adj.)  made to resemble the real thing but not genuinely such 假装的，伪装的，模仿的，模拟的  simulated fur  仿裘皮 5 (of a word) take or have an altered form suggested by (a word wrongly taken to be its source, e.g. amuck) (词) (由误以为其源的词)变形而来 □ simulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ simulative  /-lətiv/ adj.   [Latin simulare from similis ‘like’]

simulator /ˈsimjʊleitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that simulates 伪装者；模仿者；模拟器 2  a device designed to simulate the operations of a complex system, used esp. in training (尤用于训练的)模拟装置  flight simulator  飞行模拟装置

simulcast /ˈsim(ə)lkɑ:st/ n.  simultaneous transmission of the same programme on radio and television (广播和电视的)同步联播 [SIMULTANEOUS + BROADCAST]

simultaneous /sim(ə)lˈteiniəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  occurring or operating at the same time 同时发生的；同时存在的；同步的 □ simultaneity  /-təˈneiiti/ n.  □ simultaneously  adv.  □ simultaneousness  n.   [medieval Latin simultaneus from Latin simul ‘at the same time’, probably influenced by instantaneus etc.]

simultaneous equations n. pl.  equations involving two or more unknowns that are to have the same values in each equation 联立方程(式)

simurg /siˈmɜ:ɡ/ n.  a monstrous bird of Persian myth, with the power of reasoning and speech (波斯神话中能思考会说话的)巨鸟 [Persian sīmurɡ̇, from Pahlavi sīn ‘eagle’ + murɡ̇ ‘bird’]

sin1 /sin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the breaking of divine or moral law, esp. by a conscious act (尤指故意违犯宗教戒律或道德规范的)罪，罪孽b  such an act 罪行 2  an offence against good taste or propriety etc. 过错，过失 ●v. (sinned, sinning)  1 intr.  commit a sin 犯罪 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  offend 冒犯，违反 3 tr. archaic  commit (a sin) [古义]犯(罪) □ as sin  colloq.  extremely [口]非常，极其  ugly as sin  难看极了□ for one's sins  esp. Brit. joc.  as a judgement on one for something or other [尤英] [诙]作为报应(或惩罚)□ like sin  colloq.  vehemently or forcefully [口]猛烈地，狂烈地□ live in sin  colloq.  live together without being married [口]未婚同居□ sinless  adj.  □ sinlessly  adv.  □ sinlessness  n.   [Old English syn(n)]

sin2 /sain/ abbr. [缩略]  sine 

Sinaitic /saineiˈitik/ adj.  of or relating to Mount Sinai or of the Sinai peninsula 西奈山的；西奈半岛的 [variant of Sinaic, from Sinai, from Hebrew sīnay, with t added for euphony]

Sinanthropus /siˈnænθrəpəs/ n.  a fossil hominid now usu. classed as Homo erectus 中国猿人(即北京人)的化石 [modern Latin former genus name, as SINO- ‘Chinese’ (remains having been found near Beijing) + Greek anthrōpos ‘man’]

sin bin n. colloq. [口]  1 Ice Hockey  a penalty box 【冰球】被罚下场的球员座席 2 Brit.  a place set aside for offenders of various kinds [英]受罚席

since /sins/ prep., conj. & adv. ●prep.  throughout, or at a point in, the period between (a specified time, event, etc.) and the time present or being considered 自…以来，自…以后  must have happened since yesterday  一定是从昨天起就已发生了 has been going on since June  自从 6 月以来一直在进行 the greatest composer since Beethoven  贝多芬之后最伟大的作曲家 ●conj.  1  during or in the time after 自…以来(以后)  what have you been doing since we met?  自我们上次见面以来，你一直在做什么？ has not spoken since the dog died  自从狗死了之后就没开过口 2  for the reason that, because; inasmuch as 因为，既然  since you are drunk I will drive you home  由于你喝醉了，我会开车送你回家 3 (ellipt. [省略])  as being 由于  a more useful, since better designed, tool  由于设计得更好而更为有用的工具 ●adv.  1  from that time or event until now or the time being considered 从那以后，此后，后来  have not seen them since  从那以后一直没见过他们 had been healthy ever since  此后一直很健康 has since been cut down  从那时起就削减了 2  ago 之前，以前  happened many years since  多年以前发生的 [Middle English, reduced form of obsolete sithence, or from dialect sin (from sithen ‘then, thereupon, afterwards’) from Old English siththon]

sincere /sinˈsiə/ adj. (sincerer, sincerest)  1  free from pretence or deceit; the same in reality as in appearance 真心诚意的，表里如一的 2  genuine, honest, frank 真诚的，诚实的，坦诚的 □ sincereness  n.  □ sincerity  /-ˈseriti/ n.   [Latin sincerus ‘clean, pure’]

sincerely /sinˈsiəli/ adv.  in a sincere manner 真诚地，诚实地，真挚地 □ yours sincerely   a formula for ending a usu. informal letter 您真诚的(通常为非正式信件的结束语)

sinciput /ˈsinsipʌt/ n. Anat.  the front of the skull from the forehead to the crown 【解】前顶(头颅从前额到颅顶的部分) □ sincipital  /-ˈsipit(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin, from semi- ‘half’ + caput ‘head’]

sine /sain/ n. Math. 【数】  1  the trigonometric function that is equal to the ratio of the side opposite a given angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the hypotenuse 正弦 2  a function of the line drawn from one end of an arc perpendicularly to the radius through the other 正弦函数 [Latin sinus ‘curve, fold of a toga’, used in medieval Latin as translation of Arabic jayb ‘bosom, sine’]

sinecure /ˈsainikjʊə, ˈsin-/ n.  a position that requires little or no work but usu. yields profit or honour 闲职，工作清闲而有报酬的职位 □ sinecurism  n.  □ sinecurist  n.   [Latin sine cura ‘without care’]

sine curve n. (also 亦作 sine wave)  a curve representing periodic oscillations of constant amplitude as given by a sine function also called 亦称作 SINUSOID 正弦曲线

sine die /saini ˈdaii:, sinei ˈdi:ei/ adv. (of business etc. adjourned indefinitely) with no appointed date (业务等)无限期地，无确定日期地 [Latin, = without day]

sine qua non /ˌsaini kwei ˈnɒn, ˌsinei kwɑ: ˈnəʊn/ n.  an indispensable condition or qualification 必要条件，必备资格 [Latin, = without which not]

sinew /ˈsinju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  tough fibrous tissue uniting muscle to bone; a tendon 腱，筋 2 (in pl. 用复数)  muscles; bodily strength; wiriness 肌肉；体力；精力 3 (in pl. 用复数)  that which forms the strength or framework of a plan, city, organization, etc. 力量的源泉，主要资源 ●v. tr. poet.  serve as the sinews of; sustain; hold together [诗]给…以力量；加强 □ sinewless  adj.  □ sinewy  adj.   [Old English sin(e)we, from Germanic]

sinews of war n. pl.  money 军费

sinfonia /sinfəˈni:ə, sinˈfəʊniə/ n. Mus.  1  a symphony 【音】交响曲 2 (in baroque music) an orchestral piece used as an introduction to an opera, cantata, or suite (巴罗克音乐中的)管弦乐曲(用作歌剧序曲、合唱曲或套曲) 3 (作 Sinfonia; usu. in names 通常用于名称)  a small symphony orchestra 小型交响乐队 [Italian, = SYMPHONY]

sinfonietta /ˌsinfəʊniˈetə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a short or simple symphony 小交响曲 2 (作 Sinfonietta; usu. in names 通常用于名称)  a small symphony orchestra 小交响乐队 [Italian, diminutive of SINFONIA]

sinful /ˈsinfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) committing sin, esp. habitually (人)有罪的；作恶多端的 2  a (of an act) involving or characterized by sin (行为)有过错的，有罪的b colloq.  reprehensible [口]应受谴责的，应受指摘的 □ sinfully  adv.  □ sinfulness  n.   [Old English synfull (as SIN1, -FUL)]

sing /siŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past sang /sæŋ/; past part. sung /sʌŋ/)  1 intr.  utter musical sounds with the voice, esp. words with a set tune 唱，歌唱(尤指谱了曲的歌词) 2 tr.  utter or produce by singing 唱  sing another song  再唱一支歌 3 intr. (of the wind, a kettle, etc.) make melodious, humming, buzzing, or whistling sounds (风、水壶等)呜呜作响，发出鸣声 4 intr. (of the ears) be affected as with a buzzing sound (耳)鸣 5 tr.  bring to a specified state by singing 歌唱以使…  sang the child to sleep  唱着使孩子入睡 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  usher (esp. the new or old year) in or out with singing 用歌声迎来(尤指新年)；用歌声送走(尤指旧岁) 7 intr. slang  turn informer; confess [俚语]告密，告发 8 intr. archaic  compose poetry [古义]吟诗 9 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 of) intr.  celebrate in verse (用诗歌)赞美，歌颂 ●n.  1  an act or spell of singing 歌唱，演唱 2 US  a meeting for amateur singing [美]业余歌咏会 □ sing along   sing in accompaniment to a song or piece of music 随着唱，跟着唱□ sing out   call out loudly; shout 大喊，大叫□ sing the praises of   see 见 PRAISE □ sing up   sing more loudly 更用力唱，唱得更响□ singable  adj.  □ singer  n.  □ singingly  adv.   [Old English singan, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of sung instead of sang for the past tense as in She sung three songs is non-standard. 在 She sung three songs (她唱了三首歌)这句话中，用 sung 代替 sang 这种用法是不规范的。 

sing. abbr. [缩略]  singular 

singalong /ˈsiŋəlɒŋ/ n.  1  a tune etc. to which one can sing in accompaniment (供伴唱用的)伴唱歌曲 also 亦作 attrib.: a singalong chorus  伴唱合唱曲 2  an occasion of community singing (听众跟着一起唱的)歌咏会 also 亦作 attrib.: a singalong evening  跟唱晚会

Singapore   新加坡

Singaporean /ˌsiŋəˈpɔ:riən/ adj. & n.  新加坡的(人)

singe /sin(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v. (singeing)  1 tr. & intr.  burn superficially or lightly 微烤 2 tr.  burn the bristles or down off (the carcass of a pig or fowl) to prepare it for cooking 燎脱(猪或家禽的毛) 3 tr.  burn off the tips of (the hair) in hairdressing (剪发时)烫发梢 ●n.  a superficial burn 微焦 □ singe one's wings   suffer harm esp. in a risky attempt 损坏名誉，遭受损失 [Old English sencgan, from West Germanic]

singer-songwriter n.  a person who sings and writes songs, esp. professionally (尤指职业的)既写歌又演唱的人，创作歌手

Singh /siŋ/ n.  1  a title adopted by the warrior castes of northern India 辛格(北印度武士种姓的尊称) 2  a surname adopted by male Sikhs 辛格(锡克男子的姓氏) [Punjabi siṅgh ‘lion’ from Sanskrit siṃha ‘lion’]

Singhalese var.  of SINHALESE  SINHALESE 的变体

singing hinny n.  a currant cake baked on a griddle 葡萄干烘饼

singing saw n.  = MUSICAL SAW 

single /ˈsiŋɡ(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  one only, not double or multiple 惟一的，单个的，非双重(或多重)的 2  united or undivided 整体的；完整的 3  a  designed or suitable for one person 单人的，供一人用的  single room  单人房间b  used or done by one person etc. or one set or pair 单独用的，单独完成的 4  one by itself; not one of several 单一的，单个的  a single tree  单棵树 5  regarded separately 分别的，个别的  every single thing  每一件事 6  not married; not involved in a sexual relationship 单身的，未婚的 7 Brit. (of a ticket) valid for an outward journey only, not for the return [英] (车票)单程的 8 (with neg. or interrog. 与否定词或疑问词连用)  even one; not to speak of more 单个的，个别的  did not see a single person  连一个人也没看到 9 (of a flower) having only one circle of petals (花)单瓣的 10  lonely, unaided 孤独的，独自的 11 archaic  free from duplicity, sincere, consistent, guileless, ingenuous [古义]独一无二的；真诚的；专一的 ●n.  1  a single thing, or item in a series 单件事物；(一系列中的)一个，单个 2 Brit.  a single ticket [英]单程票 3  a short record with one piece of music etc. on each side (每面只有一首歌曲的)单曲唱片 4  a Cricket  a hit for one run 【板球】一次击中b Baseball  a one-base hit 【棒球】一垒打 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a game with one player on each side 单打比赛 6  an unmarried person 未婚者，单身者  young singles  年轻的单身者 7 US colloq.  a one-dollar note [美口] 1 美元纸币 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, and often by 亦常跟 for, as)  select from a group as worthy of special attention, praise, etc. 挑出，选出  singled out for praise  挑出来给予表扬 singled out as the finest  选作最优秀者 □ singleness  n.  □ singly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin singulus, related to simplus SIMPLE]

single acrostic n.  an acrostic using the first letter only of each line 首字母离合诗(一种用每行第一个字母组合成词的诗体)

single-acting adj. (of an engine etc.) having pressure applied only to one side of the piston (发动机等)单动(式)的

single-breasted adj. (of a jacket etc.) having only one set of buttons and buttonholes, not overlapping (上衣等)单排纽扣的

single combat n.  a duel 决斗

single cream n. Brit.  thin cream with a relatively low fat content [英]稀奶油(脂肪含量相对较低)

single cut adj. (of a file) with grooves cut in one direction only, not crossing (锉刀)单纹的

single-decker n. esp. Brit.  a bus having only one deck [尤英]单层公共汽车

single entry n.  a system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered in one account only (簿记系统中的)单式分录，单式记录

single file n. & adv. ●n.  a line of people or things arranged one behind another 一路纵队，单行 ●adv.  one behind another 成一路纵队地，成单行地

single-handed adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  without help from another 独自地，无助地 2  with one hand 用单手地 ●adj.  1  done etc. single-handed 独自完成的 2  for one hand 单手的，适用于单手的 □ single-handedly  adv.  

single-lens reflex adj.  denoting a reflex camera in which a single lens serves the film and the viewfinder 单镜头反光取景的，单镜头反射式的

single-line attrib. adj.  with movement of traffic in only one direction at a time (交通)单行的

single market n.  an association of countries trading without restrictions, esp. in the European Union (尤指欧盟国家无贸易限制协定的)单一市场

single-minded adj.  having or intent on only one purpose 专一的；一心一意的；专心致志的 □ single-mindedly  adv.  □ single-mindedness  n.  

single parent n.  a person bringing up a child or children without a partner (一人独立抚养孩子的)单亲父(或母)亲

singles bar n.  a bar for single people seeking company (供单身男女幽会的)单身酒吧

single-seater n.  a vehicle with one seat 单座车；单座机

single stick n.  1  a basket-hilted stick of about a sword's length (长度与剑类似的)单棍 2  one-handed fencing with this (用单棍进行的)单手击剑

singlet /ˈsiŋɡlit/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a garment worn under or instead of a shirt; a vest [尤英]汗衫；背心 2  a single unresolvable line in a spectrum 单(谱)线 [originally, a man's short jacket: SINGLE + -ET1, on the pattern of doublet, the garment being unlined]

singleton /ˈsiŋɡ(ə)lt(ə)n/ n.  1  one card only of a suit, esp. as dealt to a player 单张牌(尤指所发牌中属某一花色的惟一的一张牌) 2  a  a single person or thing 单独的人(或物)b  an only child 独生子(或女) 3  a single child or animal born, not a twin etc. 单生儿；单生幼畜 [SINGLE, on the pattern of simpleton]

singletree /ˈsiŋɡ(ə)ltri:/ n. US [美]  = SWINGLETREE 

sing-song adj., n. & v. ●adj.  uttered with a monotonous rhythm or cadence 节奏单调的；韵律单调的 ●n.  1  a sing-song manner 单调的节奏(或韵律) 2 Brit.  an informal gathering for singing [英]非正式歌唱会 ●v. intr. & tr. (past and past part. sing-songed)  speak or recite in a sing-song manner 用单调的声音说(或背诵)

singular /ˈsiŋɡjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  unique; much beyond the average; extraordinary 独特的，卓越的，非凡的 2  eccentric or strange 异常的；奇特的 3 Gram. (of a word or form) denoting or referring to a single person or thing 【语法】(词或形式)单数的 4 Math.  possessing unique properties 【数】奇(异)的，惟一的 5  single, individual 单个的，个别的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a singular word or form 单数词；单数形式 2  the singular number 单数 □ singularly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French singuler from Latin singularis (as SINGLE)]

singularity /siŋɡjʊˈlæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state or condition of being singular 单个，惟一；卓越，非凡 2  an odd trait or peculiarity 奇特，特异；特点 3 Physics & Math.  a point at which a function takes an infinite value, esp. in space-time when matter is infinitely dense as at the centre of a black hole 【物理学】【数】奇点(在该点函数值无穷大，尤指时空中的一点，在该点当物质的密度无穷大时，如在黑洞中心) [Middle English via Old French singularité from Late Latin singularitas (as SINGULAR)]

singularize /ˈsiŋɡjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  distinguish, individualize 使突出；使特别 2  make singular 使成为惟一；使成单数 □ singularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

sinh /ʃain, sintʃ, saiˈneitʃ/ abbr. Math.  hyperbolic sine [缩略]【数】双曲正弦 [sine + hyperbolic]

Sinhalese /sinhəˈli:z, sinə-/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Singhalese /siŋɡ-/) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a people originally from N. India and now forming the majority of the population of Sri Lanka (源于北印度，现为斯里兰卡的主要人口的)僧伽罗人 2  an Indic language spoken by this people 僧伽罗语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 僧伽罗人的；僧伽罗语的 [Sanskrit siṅhalam ‘Sri Lanka’ (Ceylon) + -ESE]

sinister /ˈsinistə/ adj.  1  suggestive of evil; looking malignant or villainous 邪恶的，恶意的 2  wicked or criminal 险恶的，罪恶的  a sinister motive  险恶的动机 3  of evil omen 不吉的，凶兆的 4 Heraldry  of or on the left-hand side of a shield etc. (i.e. to the observer's right) 【纹章学】在盾牌左边的(即在观察者的右边) 5 archaic  left-hand [古义]左手 □ sinisterly  adv.  □ sinisterness  n.   [Middle English from Old French sinistre or Latin sinister ‘left’]

sinistral /ˈsinistr(ə)l/ adj.  1  left-handed 左手的 2  of or on the left 左边的，左的 3 (of a flatfish) with the left side uppermost (比目鱼)左侧向上的 4 (of a spiral shell) with whorls rising to the left and not (as usually) to the right (贝壳螺纹)左旋的 □ sinistrality  /-ˈtræliti/ n.  □ sinistrally  adv.  

sinistrorse /ˈsinistrɔ:s/ adj.  rising towards the left, esp. of the spiral stem of a plant (尤指植物的螺旋形茎干)左旋的 [Latin sinistrorsus, from sinister ‘left’ + vorsus, past part. of vertere ‘turn’]

sink /siŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past sank /sæŋk/ or sunk /sʌŋk/; past part. sunk or as 作 adj. sunken)  1 intr.  fall or come slowly downwards 下沉，下落 2 intr.  disappear below the horizon 落下  the sun is sinking  太阳正渐渐落下 3 intr.  a  go or penetrate below the surface esp. of a liquid (尤指液体)渗入b (of a ship) go to the bottom of the sea etc. (船)下沉，沉没 4 intr.  settle down comfortably 倒下，坐下  sank into a chair  往椅子上一坐 5 intr.  a  gradually lose strength or value or quality etc.; decline (力量、价值、质量等)减小，减弱，下降，下跌  my heart sank  我的心情很沉重b (of the voice) descend in pitch or volume (声音)降低，减弱c (of a sick person) approach death (病人)衰弱，衰竭 6 tr.  send (a ship) to the bottom of the sea etc. 使(船)沉没 7 tr.  cause or allow to sink or penetrate 使沉入，使陷入  sank its teeth into my leg  它的牙齿咬住我的腿 8 tr.  cause the failure of (a plan etc.) or the discomfiture of (a person) 搞垮(计划)，挫败 9 tr.  dig (a well) or bore (a shaft) 掘(井)；钻(竖井) 10 tr.  engrave (a die) or inlay (a design) 刻(骰子)；镶嵌(图案) 11 tr.  a  invest (money) 投入(资金)  sunk a large sum into the business  在该项经营上投入大笔资金b  lose (money) by investment 因投资而损失(资金) 12 tr.  a  cause (a ball) to enter a pocket in billiards, a hole at golf, etc. (桌球和高尔夫球)击(球)入袋，击(球)入穴b  achieve this by (a stroke) (一击)入袋(或入穴) 13 tr.  overlook or forget; keep in the background 忽略；忘却；淡化  sank their differences  淡忘他们之间的分歧 14 intr. (of a price etc.) become lower (价格等)下跌，下降 15 intr. (of a storm or river) subside (暴风雨或河流)退落，消退 16 intr. (of ground) slope down, or reach a lower level by subsidence (地面)下沉，下陷 17 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) (of darkness) descend (on a place) (黑暗)降临 18 tr.  lower the level of 降低，下降 19 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 in)  absorb; hold the attention of 全神贯注；使沉浸于  be sunk in thought  陷入沉思 ●n.  1  a fixed basin with a water supply and outflow pipe 洗涤槽 2  a place where foul liquid collects 污水池，污水坑 3  a place of vice or corruption 罪恶(或腐化的)场所 4  a pool or marsh in which a river's water disappears by evaporation or percolation 排水池，排水口 5 Physics  a body or process used to absorb or dissipate heat 【物理学】散热器；散热系统 6 (in full 全称 sink-hole) Geol.  a cavity in limestone etc. into which a stream etc. disappears 【地质】渗水洞，渗水坑 □ sink in   1  penetrate or make its way in 渗入，透入 2  become gradually comprehended 被理解  paused to let the words sink in  停顿下来让人们理解所说的话□ sink or swim   even at the risk of complete failure 孤注一掷；无论如何  determined to try, sink or swim  无论如何，决心试一试□ sinkable  adj.  □ sinkage  n.   [Old English sincan, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 In the past tense either sank or sunk is acceptable in standard English, as in It sank or sunk its teeth into her hand. 在标准英语中，过去时态用 sank 或 sunk 都可以，如 It sank or sunk its teeth into her hand (它在她的手上狠狠地咬了一口)。 

sinker /ˈsiŋkə/ n.  1  a weight used to sink a fishing line or sounding line (钓鱼线或测探索上的)铅锤，测深锤 2 US  a doughnut [美]炸面圈 3 Baseball  a ball which drops markedly after being pitched or hit 【棒球】下坠球

sinking feeling n.  a bodily sensation, esp. in the abdomen, caused by hunger or apprehension (尤指腹部由于饥饿或恐惧引起的)虚脱感，衰颓感

sinking fund n.  money set aside for the gradual repayment of a debt 偿债基金(为慢慢偿还债务而筹集的基金)

sinner /ˈsinə/ n.  a person who sins, esp. habitually 罪人

sinnet /ˈsinit/ n. (also 亦作 sennit) Naut.  braided cordage in flat or round or square form, made from 3 to 9 cords 【海】(用 3 至 9 股细绳按扁、圆或方形编成的)编绳，扁索 [17th c.: origin unknown]

Sinn Fein /ʃin ˈfein/ n.  a political movement and party seeking a united republican Ireland, now linked to the IRA 新芬党(旨在寻求建立一个联合独立的爱尔兰共和国，现已成为爱尔兰共和军的一个分支) □ Sinn Feiner  n.   [Irish sinn féin ‘we ourselves’]

Sino- /ˈsainəʊ/ comb. form  Chinese; Chinese and (Sino-British 中英) [构词成分]中国(和)，中国人(和)，汉语(和) [Greek Sinai ‘the Chinese’]

sinologue /ˈsainəlɒɡ, ˈsi-/ n.  an expert in sinology 汉学家 [French (as SINO- + Greek -logos ‘speaking’)]

sinology /saiˈnɒlədʒi, si-/ n.  the study of Chinese language, history, customs, etc. 汉学(研究中国语言、历史、风俗习惯等) □ sinological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sinologist  n.  

sinter /ˈsintə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a siliceous or calcareous rock formed by deposition from springs 泉华(矿泉四周由于沉积作用所形成的硅酸岩或石灰岩) 2  a substance formed by sintering 熔渣，烧结物 ●v. intr. & tr.  coalesce or cause to coalesce from powder into solid by heating (使)烧结，(使)熔结 [German, = English sinder CINDER]

sinuate /ˈsinjʊət/ adj. esp. Bot.  wavy-edged; with distinct inward and outward bends along the edge (尤)【植】边缘呈波状的 [Latin sinuatus, past part. of sinuare ‘bend’]

sinuosity /sinjʊˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being sinuous 蜿蜒，弯曲 2  a bend, esp. in a stream or road (尤指河流或道路的)弯曲处 [French sinuosité or medieval Latin sinuositas (as SINUOUS)]

sinuous /ˈsinjʊəs/ adj.  with many curves; tortuous, undulating 蜿蜒的，弯曲的，起伏的 □ sinuously  adv.  □ sinuousness  n.   [French sinueux or Latin sinuosus (as SINUS)]

sinus /ˈsainəs/ n.  1  a cavity of bone or tissue, esp. in the skull connecting with the nostrils (尤指头颅上连通鼻腔的)窦 2 Med.  a fistula, esp. to a deep abscess 【医】(尤指与脓肿连通的)瘘(管) 3 Bot.  the curve between the lobes of a leaf 【植】弯缺(叶的裂片之间的凹进处) [Latin, = bosom, recess]

sinusitis /sainəˈsaitis/ n.  inflammation of a nasal sinus 鼻窦炎

sinusoid /ˈsainəsɔid/ n.  1  a curve having the form of a sine wave 正弦曲线 2  a small irregularly-shaped blood vessel, esp. found in the liver 形状不规则的小血管(尤指肝脏中的窦状隙) □ sinusoidal  /-ˈsɔid(ə)l/ adj.  □ sinusoidally  /-ˈsɔid(ə)li/ adv.   [French sinusoïde from Latin sinus: see SINUS]

Sion var.  of ZION  ZION 的变体

-sion /ʃ(ə)n, ʒ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns (see 见 -ION) from Latin participial stems in -s- (mansion 大厦 ; mission 使命 ; persuasion 说服力) 加在拉丁分词词干后构成名词

Sioux /su:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a group of N. American Indian peoples chiefly inhabiting the upper Mississippi and Missouri river basins 苏人(主要居住在密西西比河上游和密苏里河盆地的北美印第安人的一支) 2  the language of these peoples 苏语 ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples or language 苏人的；苏语的 □ Siouan  /ˈsu:ən/ adj. & n.   [N. American French from Nadouessioux from Ojibwa (Ottawa dialect) nɑˉtowēssiwak, with French pl. ending -x replacing Ojibwa pl. ending -ak]

sip /sip/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. (sipped, sipping)  drink in one or more small amounts or by spoonfuls 呷，啜，抿 ●n.  1  a small mouthful of liquid 一呷之量，一小口  a sip of brandy  一小口白兰地 2  the act of taking this 抿，小口喝 □ sipper  n.   [Middle English: perhaps a modification of SUP1]

sipe /saip/ n.  a groove or channel in the tread of a tyre to improve its grip (轮胎上的)防滑花纹 [dialect sipe ‘to ooze’ from Old English sīpian, Middle Low German sīpen, of unknown origin]

siphon var.  of SYPHON  SYPHON 的变体

siphonophore /saiˈfɒnəfɔ:/ n.  any usu. translucent marine hydrozoan of the order Siphonophora, e.g. the Portuguese man-of-war 管水母目动物(如葡萄牙僧帽水母) [Greek siphōno- (as SYPHON, -PHORE)]

sippet /ˈsipit/ n.  1  a small piece of bread etc. soaked in liquid 浸过汤汁的面包片 2  a piece of toast or fried bread as a garnish (点缀菜肴用的)烤(或炸)面包片 3  a fragment 小片，碎片 [apparently diminutive of SOP]

sir /sɜ:/ n.  1  a polite or respectful form of address or mode of reference to a man 先生，长官，阁下(对男子的尊称) 2 (作 Sir)  a titular prefix to the forename of a knight or baronet 爵士(对骑士或男爵的称呼，用于姓名前) [Middle English, reduced form of SIRE]

sirdar /ˈsɜ:dɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 sardar pronunc. same 发音同)  1 (esp. in the Indian subcontinent) a person of high political or military rank; a leader (尤指印度等国的)将领，司令官；酋长，贵族 2  a Sikh. 锡克教徒 [Urdu sardɑˉr, from Persian sar ‘head’ + dɑˉr ‘possessor’]

sire /saiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the male parent of an animal, esp. a stallion kept for breeding 雄性种畜(尤指种马) 2 archaic  a respectful form of address, now esp. to a king [古义] (尊称)大人，老爷；(尤指)陛下 3 archaic poet.  a father or male ancestor [古义] [诗]父亲；男性祖先 ●v. tr. (esp. of an animal) beget (尤指动物)生(幼畜) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin senior: see SENIOR]

siren /ˈsair(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a device for making a loud prolonged signal or warning sound, esp. by revolving a perforated disc over a jet of compressed air or steam 汽笛；警报器(尤指用压缩空气或蒸汽冲击一个旋转的有孔圆盘而产生巨大、长时间的声音作为信号的一种装置)b  the sound made by this 汽笛声 2 (in Greek mythology) each of a number of women or winged creatures whose singing lured unwary sailors on to rocks (希腊神话中的)塞壬(半人半鸟的一群女海妖，常以美妙歌声诱惑过往海员而使船只触礁沉没) 3  a sweet singer 歌声美妙的女歌手 4  a  a dangerously fascinating woman; a temptress 危险的美人；妖妇b  a tempting pursuit etc. 诱惑物 5 (作 attrib.)  irresistibly tempting 诱惑的，迷人的 6  an eel-shaped tailed amphibian of the family Sirenidae 鳗螈 [Middle English via Old French sereine, sirene from Late Latin Sirena, fem. of Latin siren, from Greek Seirēn]

sirenian /saiˈri:niən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the order Sirenia of large aquatic plant-eating mammals, e.g. the manatee and dugong 海牛目的(一种大型食草水生哺乳动物，如海牛和儒艮) ●n.  any mammal of this order 海牛目动物 [modern Latin Sirenia (as SIREN)]

siren suit n.  a one-piece garment for the whole body, easily put on or taken off, originally for use in air-raid shelters (在防空避难处使用的易穿易脱的)套服，长罩衣

sirloin /ˈsɜ:lɔin/ n.  the upper and choicer part of a loin of beef 牛的上部腰肉 [Old French (as SUR-1, LOIN)]

sirocco /siˈrɒkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 scirocco) (pl. -os)  a hot, oppressive, often dusty or rainy wind blowing from N. Africa across the Mediterranean to southern Europe 西罗科风(从北非吹经地中海至欧洲南部的常带沙尘或雨的热风) [French from Italian scirocco, ultimately from Arabic Šarūḳ ‘east wind’]

sirrah /ˈsirə/ n. archaic [古义]  = SIR(as a form of address 一种称呼)  [probably from Middle English sĭrě SIR]

sirree /siˈri:/ int. US colloq.  as an emphatic, esp. after yes or no [美口] (用以加强语气，尤用于 yes 或 no 之后)先生 [SIR + emphatic suffix]

sirup US var.  of SYRUP [美] SYRUP 的变体

SIS abbr. (in the UK) Secret Intelligence Service [缩略] (英国)秘密情报处

sis /sis/ n. colloq.  a sister [口]姐姐；妹妹 [abbreviation]

sisal /ˈsais(ə)l/ n.  1  a Mexican plant, Agave sisalana, with large fleshy leaves 西沙尔麻，剑麻(一种叶大多肉的墨西哥植物) 2  the fibre made from this plant, used for cordage, ropes, etc. 西沙尔麻纤维(可制绳索等) [Sisal, a port in Yucatán, Mexico]

siskin /ˈsiskin/ n.  a dark-streaked yellowish-green songbird, Carduelis spinus, allied to the goldfinch 黄雀(一种与金翅雀有关的黑条纹绿黄色鸣鸟) [Middle Dutch siseken diminutive, related to Middle Low German sīsek, Middle High German zīse, zīsec, of Slavonic origin]

sissy /ˈsisi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 cissy) colloq. [口] ●n. (pl. -ies)  an effeminate or cowardly person 女子气的男子；胆小鬼 ●adj. (sissier, sissiest)  effeminate; cowardly 女人气的；懦弱的，胆怯的 □ sissified  adj.  □ sissiness  n.  □ sissyish  adj.   [SIS + -Y2]

sister /ˈsistə/ n.  1  a woman or girl in relation to sons and other daughters of her parents 姐姐；妹妹 2  a (often as a form of address) a close female friend or associate 姐妹(通常作为称呼，指亲如手足的女性朋友)b  a female fellow member of a trade union, class, sect, or the human race (工会、班级、教派或人类中的)女性成员c  a fellow feminist 女权主义者 3 Brit.  a senior female nurse [英]护士长 4  a member of a female religious order 修女；女教友 5 (often 常作 attrib.)  of the same type or design or origin etc. 同型的事物，同类的事物，同源的事物  sister ship  姐妹船 prose, the younger sister of verse  散文——诗歌的姐妹文学 □ sisterless  adj.  □ sisterly  adj.  □ sisterliness  n.   [Middle English sister (from Old Norse), suster etc. (representing Old English sweoster, from Germanic)]

sister city n.  a city that is twinned with another 姐妹城市，友好城市

sister german  see 见 GERMAN 1 

sisterhood /ˈsistəhʊd/ n.  1  the relationship between sisters 姐妹关系 2  a  a society or association of women, esp. when bound by monastic vows or devoting themselves to religious or charitable work or the feminist cause 妇女团体(尤指因宗教信仰而结成的妇女组织或致力于宗教、慈善或妇女事业的妇女组织)b  its members collectively (总称)女性成员 3  community of feeling and mutual support between women (有感情并相互支持的)妇女社团

sister-in-law n. (pl. sisters-in-law)  1  the sister of one's wife or husband 姑子；姨子(夫或妻的姐妹) 2  the wife of one's brother 嫂子；弟媳(兄或弟的妻子) 3  the wife of one's brother-in-law 配偶的兄弟的妻子，妯娌

Sister of Mercy n.  a member of an educational or charitable order of women, esp. that founded in Dublin in 1827 慈善姊妹会姊妹(尤指 1827 年创建于都柏林的天主教女修会)

sister uterine  see 见 UTERINE 2 

Sistine /ˈsisti:n, -tain/ adj.  of any of the Popes called Sixtus, esp. Sixtus IV (罗马教皇)西克斯图斯的(尤指西克斯图斯四世) [Italian Sistino from Sisto ‘Sixtus’]

Sistine Chapel n.  a chapel in the Vatican, with frescoes by Michelangelo and other painters (梵蒂冈的)西斯廷礼拜堂(画有米开朗琪罗及其他艺术家的壁画)

sistrum /ˈsistrəm/ n. (pl. sistra /-trə/)  a jingling metal instrument used by the ancient Egyptians esp. in the worship of Isis 叉铃(尤指古埃及人敬拜女神伊希斯时使用的一种手摇乐器) [Middle English via Latin from Greek seistron, from seiō ‘shake’]

Sisyphean /sisiˈfi:ən/ adj. (of toil) endless and fruitless like that of Sisyphus in Greek mythology (whose task in Hades was to push uphill a stone that at once rolled down again) 像西绪福斯做苦工般无止境的(西绪福斯是希腊神话中的人物，被罚在冥府中推石上山，但石在近山顶时又滚下，于是重新再推，如此循环不息)

sit /sit/ v. & n. ●v. (sitting; past and past part. sat /sæt/)  1 intr.  adopt or be in a position in which the body is supported more or less upright by the buttocks resting on the ground or a raised seat etc., with the thighs usu. horizontal 坐，就座 2 tr.  cause to sit; place in a sitting position 使坐下，使就座 3 intr.  a (of a bird) perch (鸟)栖息b (of an animal) rest with the hind legs bent and the body close to the ground (动物)蹲 4 intr. (of a bird) remain on its nest to hatch its eggs (鸟)孵蛋，伏窝 5 intr.  a  be engaged in an occupation in which the sitting position is usual 坐着干，坐着做b (of a committee, legislative body, etc.) be engaged in business (委员会等)开会；(立法机构等)开庭c (of an individual) be entitled to hold some office or position (个人)任职  sat as a magistrate  担任地方法官 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  pose, usu. in a sitting position (for a portrait) (画像时)摆姿势(通常为坐姿) 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  be a Member of Parliament for (a constituency) (代表某一选区)当议员，占议席 8 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 for)  intr. Brit. take (an examination) [英]参加(考试)，应试 9 intr.  be in a more or less permanent position or condition (esp. of inactivity or being out of use or out of place) 长期闲置不用 10 intr. (of clothes etc.) fit or hang in a certain way (衣服等)合身，适合 11 tr.  keep or have one's seat on (a horse etc.) 骑(马) 12 intr.  act as a babysitter 临时替人照看(小孩)，当临时保姆 13 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 before) (of an army) take a position outside a city etc. to besiege it (军队)驻扎，扎营 ●n.  the way clothing sits on a person (衣服)合身 □ be sitting pretty   be comfortably or advantageously placed 处于有利地位□ make a person sit up  colloq.  surprise or interest a person [口]使大吃一惊，使感兴趣□ sit at a person's feet   be a person's pupil 拜某人为师，受教于某人□ sit back   relax one's efforts 休息一下□ sit by   look on without interfering 袖手旁观□ sit down   1  sit after standing 坐下 2  cause to sit 使坐下 3 (foll. by 后跟 under) Brit.  submit tamely to (an insult etc.) [英] (对侮辱等)逆来顺受□ sit heavy on the stomach   take a long time to be digested (食物)难以消化□ sit in   1  occupy a place as a protest 参加静坐罢工(或示威) 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  take the place of 代替，替代 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  be present as a guest or observer at (a meeting etc.) 旁听，列席(会议等)□ sit in judgement   assume the right of judging others; be censorious 评判，批评；苛评□ sit loosely on   not be very binding 对…缺乏约束力□ sit on   1  be a member of (a committee etc.) 为(委员会等)的一员 2  hold a session or inquiry concerning 审理，讨论 3 colloq.  delay action about [口]拖延，搁置  the government has been sitting on the report  政府一直搁置这份报告 4 colloq.  repress or rebuke or snub [口]压制，指责，怠慢  felt rather sat on  感到备受压制□ sit on the fence   see 见 FENCE □ sit on one's hands   1  take no action 按兵不动，袖手旁观 2  refuse to applaud 拒绝鼓掌□ sit out   1  take no part in (a dance etc.) 不参加(跳舞等) 2  stay till the end of (esp. an ordeal) 坐着挨到(尤指折磨)结束 3  sit outdoors 坐在户外 4  outstay (other visitors) 逗留得比(他人)久□ sit tight  colloq. [口]  1  remain firmly in one's place 稳坐(不动) 2  not be shaken off or move away or yield to distractions 固执己见，坚持自己的主张□ sit up   1  rise from a lying to a sitting position 坐起来 2  sit firmly upright 端坐，坐直 3  go to bed later than the usual time 熬夜 4 colloq.  become interested or aroused etc. [口]感兴趣，关注□ sit up and take notice  colloq.  have one's interest aroused, esp. suddenly [口] (尤指突然)感兴趣□ sit well   have a good seat in riding (骑马时)坐好位置□ sit well on   suit or fit 合适，适合 [Old English sittan, from Germanic]

sitar /ˈsitɑ:, siˈtɑ:/ n.  a long-necked Indian lute with movable frets 锡塔琴(印度的一种长颈弦乐器) □ sitarist  /siˈtɑ:rist/ n.   [Hindi sitɑˉr]

sitatunga /sitəˈtʌŋɡə/ n.  a medium-sized brown or greyish antelope, Tragelaphus spekii, of swamps in central and E. Africa, with splayed hoofs and, in the male, spiral horns 泽羚(分布于中部和东部非洲的湿地，中等体形，为棕色或灰色，四蹄张开，雄羚头上长有螺旋形角) [Swahili]

sitcom /ˈsitkɒm/ n. colloq.  a situation comedy [口]情景喜剧 [abbreviation]

sit-down adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a meal) eaten sitting at a table (一顿饭)坐着享用的，有人服务的 2 (of a protest etc.) in which demonstrators occupy their workplace or sit down on the ground in a public place (抗议等)静坐的 ●n.  1  a period of sitting 坐着 2  a sit-down protest etc. 静坐示威

site /sait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the ground chosen or used for a town or building (城镇或建筑物的)地点，地基，选址 2  a place where some activity is or has been conducted 场所，地方  camping site  露营地 launching site  发射场 ●v. tr.  1  locate or place 使坐落于；安放，安置 2  provide with a site 给…择址，为…选定地点 [Middle English from Anglo-French site or Latin situs ‘local position’]

sit-in n.  a protest involving sitting in 静坐示威

Sitka /ˈsitkə/ n. (in full 全称 Sitka spruce)  a fast-growing spruce, Picea sitchensis, native to N. America and yielding timber 北美云杉(产于北美，能迅速成材) [Sitka, a town in Alaska]

sitrep /ˈsitrep/ n.  a report on the current military situation in an area 军情报告 [situation report]

sits vac /sits ˈvæk/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  situations vacant [英口] (报刊上的)招聘广告标题 [abbreviation]

sitter /ˈsitə/ n.  1  a person who sits, esp. for a portrait 坐着的人(尤指让人画像) 2  = BABYSITTER(see 见 BABYSIT)  3 colloq. [口]  a  an easy catch or shot 容易抓住(或射中)的猎物b  an easy task 容易做的事 4  a sitting hen 伏窝的母鸡

sitting /ˈsitiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a continuous period of being seated, esp. engaged in an activity 坐；(尤指在某次活动中)就座  finished the book in one sitting  坐着一口气儿读完了这本书 2  a time during which an assembly is engaged in business 开会(期)；开庭(期) 3  a session in which a meal is served 供餐(期)  dinner will be served in two sittings  晚餐将分两批供应 4 Brit. Law [英]【法律】  = TERM 5c  5  a clutch of eggs 一窝蛋 ●adj.  1  having sat down 坐着的，就座的 2 (of an animal or bird) not running or flying (动物)蹲着的，(鸟)栖息的 3 (of a hen) engaged in hatching (母鸡)孵蛋中的 4 (of an MP) current (国会议员)在任期内的 □ sitting pretty   see 见 PRETTY 

sitting duck n. (also 亦作 sitting target) colloq.  a vulnerable person or thing [口]易受攻击的人(或物)

sitting room n.  1 esp. Brit.  a room in a house for relaxed sitting in [尤英]起居室，客厅 2  space enough to accommodate seated persons 坐的地方

sitting tenant n. Brit.  a tenant already in occupation of premises, esp. when there is a change of owner [英] (尤指房主更换后的)老房客，原住户

situate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /ˈsitjʊeit/ (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  1  put in a certain position or circumstances 使位于  is situated at the top of a hill  坐落在一座小山顶上 how are you situated at the moment?  你当前处境如何？ 2  establish or indicate the place of; put in a context 位于；处于 ●adj. /ˈsitjʊət/ Law or archaic  situated 【法律】[古义]位于…的；坐落在…的；处于…境地的 [medieval Latin situare situat- from Latin situs ‘site’]

situation /sitjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a place and its surroundings 位置，环境  the house stands in a fine situation  这幢房子的位置很好 2  a set of circumstances; a position in which one finds oneself; a state of affairs 形势，局面，状况，境遇  came out of a difficult situation with credit  靠信用走出困境 3  an employee's position or job 职位，工作 4  a critical point or complication in a drama (戏剧中的)关键场面；复杂情形 □ situations vacant (or wanted)  esp. Brit.  headings of lists of employment offered and sought [尤英]招聘广告标题□ situational  adj.  □ situationally  adv.   [Middle English from French situation or medieval Latin situatio (as SITUATE)]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2, situation can be preceded by an adjective as shown above. The substitution of an attributive noun should be avoided where possible since the result is usually ugly (e.g. the rainforest situation) and often tautologous (e.g. in a crisis situation: a crisis is in itself a situation) These can be reworded as the situation regarding the rainforests and in a situation of crisis. 如上所示，在释义 2 中， situation 前可用形容词修饰，但应尽量避免使用名词修饰，否则文字通常会不流畅(如 the rainforest situation 热带雨林环境)，且常会有赘述感(如 in a crisis situation 在危机情况中，危机本身就是一种情况)。这两例可改为 the situation regarding the rainforests 和 in a situation of crisis 。 

situation comedy n.  a comedy, esp. as part of a television or radio series, in which the humour derives from the situations the characters are placed in 情景喜剧(一种以固定人物为中心，故事相对独立的电视或广播系列剧)

situationism /sitjʊˈeiʃ(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  the theory that human behaviour is determined by surrounding circumstances rather than by personal qualities 环境决定论(认为人的行为由周围环境而非自身素质决定的理论) □ situationist  n. & adj.  

sit-up n.  a physical exercise in which a person sits up from a supine position without using the arms for leverage 仰卧起坐(一种体育锻炼方式，练习者在不借助手臂平衡身体的情况下从仰卧的姿势坐起来)

sit-upon n. Brit. colloq.  the buttocks [英口]屁股

sitz-bath /ˈsitsbɑ:θ/ n.  a hip bath 坐浴 [partial translation of German Sitzbad, from sitzen ‘sit’ + Bad ‘bath’]

Siva /ˈsi:və, ˈʃi:və/ n. (also 亦作 Shiva /ˈʃi:və/)  a Hindu deity associated with the powers of reproduction and dissolution, regarded by some as the supreme being and by others as a member of the triad 湿婆(印度教的 3 个主神之一，具有繁衍和毁灭的神力) □ Sivaism  n.  □ Sivaite  n. & adj.   [Sanskrit Siva, literally ‘the auspicious one’]

six /siks/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than five, or four less than ten; the product of two units and three units 六 2  a symbol for this 表示六的符号 (6, vi, VI) 3  a size etc. denoted by six (尺码等的)6 号 4  a set or team of six individuals 6 个一组； 6 个一队 5 Cricket  a hit scoring six runs by clearing the boundary without bouncing 【板球】得 6 分的击球，以 6 分计算的击球 6  the time of six o'clock 6 点钟 7  a card etc. with six pips (纸牌等的)6 点 ●adj.  that amount to six 6 的， 6 个的 □ at sixes and sevens   in confusion or disagreement 乱七八糟；意见分歧□ knock for six  Brit. colloq.  utterly surprise or overcome (a person) [英口] (使某人)大吃一惊；彻底打败(某人)□ six of one and half a dozen of the other   a situation of little real difference between the alternatives 半斤八两，不相上下 [Old English siex etc., from Germanic]

sixain /ˈsiksein/ n.  a six-line stanza 6 行诗节 [French from six ‘six’]

Six Counties n. pl.  the counties of N. Ireland 北爱尔兰六郡

sixer /ˈsiksə/ n.  1 Brit.  the leader of a group of six Brownies or Cubs [英] (童子军的)6 人小队队长 2 Cricket  a hit for six runs 【板球】以 6 分计算的击球，得 6 分的击球

sixfold /ˈsiksfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  six times as much or as many 6 倍的(地)， 6 重的(地) 2  consisting of six parts 由 6 部分组成的(地)

six-gun n.  = SIX-SHOOTER 

six-pack n.  a pack of six cans of beer held together with a plastic fastener 6 听装啤酒

sixpence /ˈsiksp(ə)ns/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the sum of six pence, esp. before decimalization (尤指旧币制的)6 便士 2 hist.  a coin worth six old pence (2(1/2) p) [史义] 6 便士硬币 □ on a sixpence   1  within a small area or short distance 在小范围内；在近距离内 2  quickly and with ease 轻而易举地

sixpenny /ˈsikspəni/ adj. Brit.  costing or worth six pence, esp. before decimalization [英] (尤指旧币制的)6 便士的

six-shooter n.  a revolver with six chambers 六响左轮手枪

sixte /sikst/ n. Fencing  the sixth of the eight parrying positions 【击剑】 (8 种防守姿势中的)第 6 防守姿势 [French, from Latin sextus ‘sixth’]

sixteen /siksˈti:n, ˈsiksti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than fifteen, or six more than ten 十六 2  a symbol for this 表示十六的符号 (16, xvi, XVI) 3  a size etc. denoted by sixteen (尺码等的)16 号 ●adj.  that amount to sixteen 16 的， 16 个的 □ sixteenth  adj. & n.   [Old English siextiene (as SIX, -TEEN)]

sixteenmo /siksˈti:nməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = SEXTODECIMO  [English reading of the symbol 16mo]

sixteenth note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美]【音】  = SEMIQUAVER 

sixth /siksθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 6 in the sequence 1-6 第 6 2  something occupying this position 第 6 3  any of six equal parts of a thing 六分之一 4 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning six consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to A) 六度音程；六度和音b  a note separated from another by this interval 6 度音 ●adj.  that is the sixth 第六的，六分之一的 □ sixthly  adv.  

sixth form n. Brit.  a form in a secondary school for pupils over 16 [英] (中学 16 岁以上的学生的)六年级

sixth-form college n. Brit.  a college for pupils over 16 [英] (16 岁以上学生的)高中

sixth-former n. Brit.  a pupil in the sixth form [英]六年级中学生

sixth sense n.  1  a supposed faculty giving intuitive or extrasensory knowledge 第六感官 2  such knowledge 第六感，直觉

Sixtine /ˈsiksti:n, -tain/ adj.  = SISTINE  [modern Latin Sixtinus from Sixtus]

sixty /ˈsiksti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of six and ten 六十 2  a symbol for this 表示六十的符号 (60, lx, LX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 60 to 69, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life 60 到 69 之间的数；(尤指)60 到 69 年之间的年份， 60 到 69 岁之间的年龄 4  a set of sixty persons or things 60 个一组， 60 个一套 ●adj.  that amount to sixty 60 的， 60 个的 □ sixty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between sixtieth and seventieth 第 61 至 70 之间的序数词□ sixty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between sixty and seventy 60 至 70 之间的基数词□ sixtieth  adj. & n.  第 60 的，六十分之一的□ sixtyfold  adj. & adv.   [Old English siextig (as SIX, -TY2)]

sixty-fourmo /sikstiˈfɔ:məʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-sixty-fourth the size of a printing-sheet (书的)64 开本 2  a book of this size (on the pattern of DUODECIMO etc.) 64 开本的书

sixty-fourth note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美]【音】  = HEMIDEMISEMIQUAVER 

sixty-four thousand dollar question n. (also 亦作 sixty-four dollar question)  a difficult and crucial question (from the top prize in a broadcast quiz show) 关键问题(源自广播智力比赛节目中的最高奖)

sizable var.  of SIZEABLE  SIZEABLE 的变体

sizar /ˈsaizə/ n.  an undergraduate at Cambridge or at Trinity College, Dublin, receiving financial help from the college and formerly having certain menial duties (剑桥大学和都柏林大学圣三一学院的)减费生(从学院获得助学金；以前还需从事一定的不体面的劳动) □ sizarship  n.   [SIZE1 = ration]

size1 /saiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the relative bigness or extent of a thing, dimensions, magnitude 大小；尺寸；规模  is of vast size  是特大规模的 size matters less than quality  规模大小没有质量重要 2  each of the classes, usu. numbered, into which things otherwise similar, esp. garments, are divided according to size 号，尺码  is made in several sizes  做了数种尺码的 takes size 7 in gloves  戴 7 号尺码的手套 is three sizes too big  大了 3 号 ●v. tr.  sort or group in sizes or according to size 按大小(尺码)排列(或分类) □ of a size   having the same size 大小相同的；同一尺寸的□ of some size   fairly large 相当大的□ the size of   as big as 像…一样大□ the size of it  colloq.  a true account of the matter [口]事实真相  that is the size of it  那就是事实真相□ size up   1  estimate the size of 估计…的大小 2 colloq.  form a judgement of [口]判断，评判□ what size?   how big? 多大？□ sized  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ sizer  n.   [Middle English from Old French sise, from assise ASSIZE, or from ASSIZE (the earliest sense)]

size2 /saiz/ n. & v. ●n.  a gelatinous solution used in glazing paper, stiffening textiles, preparing plastered walls for decoration, etc. (用于给纸张、织物、墙面等上光、上浆的)胶料，浆料 ●v. tr.  glaze or stiffen or treat with size 给…上胶，给…上浆 [Middle English, perhaps = SIZE1]

sizeable /ˈsaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 sizable)  large or fairly large 大的，相当大的 □ sizeably  adv.  

size-stick n.  a shoemaker's measure for taking the length of a foot (鞋匠用的)量脚尺

sizzle /ˈsiz(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  make a sputtering or hissing sound when or as if frying (油炸时等)发出咝咝声b tr.  fry or burn 炸；烧 2 intr. colloq. [口]  a  be in a state of great heat or excitement 极其闷热；极度兴奋  Britain sizzled in the heatwave  英国在热浪中煎熬 articles sizzling with the news  多篇文章争相报道这一新闻b  be salacious 诲淫的，好色的 ●n.  1  a sizzling sound 咝咝声 2 colloq.  a state of great heat or excitement [口]极热；极度兴奋 □ sizzler  n.  □ sizzling  adj. & adv.    sizzling hot  炙热的 [imitative]

SJ abbr. [缩略]  Society of Jesus 

SJAA abbr. (in the UK) St John Ambulance Association [缩略] (英国)圣约翰救护协会

SJAB abbr. (in the UK) St John Ambulance Brigade [缩略] (英国)圣约翰救护队

sjambok /ˈʃæmbɒk/ n. & v. ●n. (in S. Africa) a long stiff whip, originally made of rhinoceros hide (南非用犀牛皮制成的)粗皮鞭 ●v. tr.  flog with a sjambok 用粗皮鞭鞭打 [Afrikaans, via Malay samboq, chambok from Urdu chɑˉbuk]

SJC abbr. (in the US) Supreme Judicial Court [缩略] (美国)最高法院

ska /skɑ:/ n.  a style of fast popular music with a strong offbeat, originating in Jamaica 斯卡(一种源于牙买加的流行乐曲) [20th c.: origin unknown]

skag /skæɡ/ n. (also 亦作 scag) esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  1  a cigarette; a cigarette stub 香烟；香烟头 2  heroin 海洛因 [20th c.: origin unknown]

skald /skɔ:ld, skæld/ n. (also 亦作 scald) (in ancient Scandinavia) a composer and reciter of poems honouring heroes and their deeds (古斯堪的纳维亚的)吟唱诗人 □ skaldic  adj.   [Old Norse skɑˊld, of unknown origin]

skat /skɑ:t/ n.  a three-handed card game with bidding 斯开特牌戏(一种三人玩的纸牌游戏) [German, via Italian scarto ‘a discard’ from scartare ‘discard’]

skate1 /skeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of a pair of steel blades (or of boots with blades attached) for gliding on ice 冰鞋，冰刀 2  = ROLLER SKATEn.  3  a device on which a heavy object moves (移动重物的)滑动装置 ●v.  1  a intr.  move on skates 滑冰，溜冰b tr.  perform (a specified figure) on skates (花样)滑冰，溜冰 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  refer fleetingly to, disregard 略微触及，一带而过 □ get one's skates on  Brit. colloq.  make haste [英口]赶紧，匆忙□ skate on thin ice  colloq.  behave rashly, risk danger, esp. by dealing with a subject needing tactful treatment [口]冒险从事，如履薄冰地去冒险□ skater  n.   [originally scates (pl.) from Dutch schaats (sing.), from Old Northern French escace, Old French eschasse ‘stilt’]

skate2 /skeit/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or skates)  any cartilaginous marine fish of the family Rajidae, esp. Raja batis, a large flat rhomboidal fish used as food 鳐鱼(一种可食用的大型扁平海鱼) [Middle English from Old Norse skata]

skate3 /skeit/ n. slang  a contemptible, mean, or dishonest person (esp. in 尤用于 cheapskate 吝啬鬼) [俚语]可鄙的人，卑劣的人 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

skateboard /ˈskeitbɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  a short narrow board mounted on two wheeled trucks, used for riding on while standing, and propelled by one foot pushing occasionally against the ground 滑板(一种在狭长板底部两端装上滑轮在地面滑行的运动器具) ●v. intr.  ride on a skateboard 玩滑板 □ skateboarder  n.  

skatepark /ˈskeitpɑ:k/ n.  a park with ramps etc. for skateboarding (设有滑板坡道的)滑板运动场

skating rink n.  1  a piece of ice artificially made, or a floor used, for skating 滑冰场，溜冰场 2  a building containing this 滑冰馆，溜冰馆

skean /ski:n, ˈski:ən/ n. hist.  a Gaelic dagger formerly used in Ireland and Scotland [史义] (旧时爱尔兰和苏格兰人使用的)双刃短剑 [Gaelic sgian ‘knife’]

skean-dhu /ski:nˈdu:, ski:ən-/ n.  a dagger worn in the stocking as part of Highland dress (苏格兰高地人插在长袜里的)小佩剑 [Gaelic dubh ‘black’]

sked /sked/ n. & v. esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口] ●n.  = SCHEDULE  ●v. tr. (skedded, skedding)  = SCHEDULE  [abbreviation]

skedaddle /skiˈdæd(ə)l/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  run away, depart quickly, flee 逃走；匆匆离去；溃逃 ●n.  a hurried departure or flight 溃逃，仓皇逃散 [19th c.: origin unknown]

skeet /ski:t/ n.  a shooting sport in which a clay target is thrown from a trap to simulate the flight of a bird 双向飞碟射击，双向泥鸽射击(从弹射器中弹出泥靶象征飞行中的小鸟的一种射击运动) [Old Norse skjóta SHOOT]

skeeter1 /ˈski:tə/ n. esp. N. Amer. & Austral. colloq. & dial.  a mosquito [尤北美澳口] [方]蚊子 [abbreviation]

skeeter2 var.  of SKITTER  SKITTER 的变体

skeg /skeɡ/ n.  1  a fin underneath the rear of a surfboard (冲浪板的)尾鳍 2  the after part of a vessel's keel or a projection from it (船的)尾柱底骨，舵底承 [Old Norse skeg ‘beard’, perhaps via Dutch scheg(ge)]

skein /skein/ n.  1  a loosely-coiled bundle of yarn or thread (线或纱的)一束，一绞 2  a flock of wild geese etc. in flight (野雁正在飞行中的)一群，一队 3  a tangle or confusion 混乱的一团；错综复杂的一系列 [Middle English from Old French escaigne, of unknown origin]

skeletal /ˈskelit(ə)l, skəˈli:t(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, forming, or resembling a skeleton 骨骼的，形成骨骼的，骨骼般的 2  very thin, emaciated 骨瘦如柴的 3  consisting of only a bare outline or minimum 梗概的，提纲式的，框架式的 □ skeletally  adv.  

skeletal muscle n.  = STRIATED MUSCLE 

skeleton /ˈskelit(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a hard internal or external framework of bones, cartilage, shell, woody fibre, etc., supporting or containing the body of an animal or plant (动植物的)骨骼，骨干；叶脉b  the dried bones of a human being or other animal fastened together in the same relative positions as in life (人或动物死后的)骸骨 2  the supporting framework or structure or essential part of a thing 骨架，框架 3  a very thin or emaciated person or animal 骨瘦如柴的人(或动物) 4  the remaining part of anything after its life or usefulness is gone 残骸 5  an outline sketch, an epitome or abstract 梗概，摘要，提要 6 (作 attrib.)  having only the essential or minimum number of persons, parts, etc. (人员、部件等)最基本(的)，起码(的)  skeleton plan  基本计划 skeleton staff  基干人员 □ skeletonize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [modern Latin from Greek, neut. of skeletos ‘dried-up’ from skellō ‘dry up’]

skeleton in the cupboard n. (US [美] skeleton in the closet)  a discreditable or embarrassing fact kept secret (不可外扬的)家丑，隐情

skeleton key n.  a key designed to fit many locks by having the interior of the bit hollowed (可以开各种锁的)万能钥匙

skelf /skelf/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a splinter, a sliver 尖片，长条 2 colloq.  a person who is a nuisance [口]讨厌的人 [Middle English, probably from or as SHELF1 (the earliest sense)]

skep /skep/ n.  1  a  a wooden or wicker basket of any of various forms 柳条筐，木筐b  the quantity contained in this 一筐的量 2  a straw or wicker beehive (用草或柳条编制的)蜂箱 [Middle English from Old Norse skeppa]

skeptic US var.  of SCEPTIC [美] SCEPTIC 的变体

skeptical US var.  of SCEPTICAL [美] SCEPTICAL 的变体

skepticism US var.  of SCEPTICISM (see 见 SCEPTIC) [美] SCEPTICISM 的变体

skerrick /ˈskerik/ n. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) esp. Austral. colloq.  the smallest bit [尤澳口]一点点，最少量  not a skerrick left  一点儿也没剩 [northern English dialect; origin uncertain]

skerry /ˈskeri/ n. (pl. -ies) Sc.  a reef or rocky island [苏格兰]岩岛，岩礁 [Orkney dialect from Old Norse sker: cf. SCAR2]

sketch /sketʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rough, slight, merely outlined, or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more finished picture 草图，略图，速写，素描 2  a brief account without many details conveying a general idea of something; a rough draft or general outline 概述，概要；纲要 3  a very short usu. humorous play or performance, often limited to one scene in a revue, comedy programme, etc. (通常为喜剧性的)短剧，独幕剧 4  a short descriptive piece of writing 小品文(如特写、随笔等) 5  a musical composition of a single movement 短曲 6 colloq.  a comical person or thing [口]滑稽的人(或物) ●v.  1 tr.  make or give a sketch of 画…的草图；画…的略图 2 intr.  draw sketches esp. of landscape 画素描，画速写(尤指写生)  went out sketching  外出写生 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out)  indicate briefly or in outline 概述，简述 □ sketcher  n.   [Dutch schets or German Skizze from Italian schizzo, from schizzare ‘make a sketch’, ultimately from Greek skhēdios ‘extempore’]

sketchbook /ˈsketʃbʊk/ n. (also 亦作 sketch-block, sketch pad)  a pad of drawing paper for doing sketches on 写生簿，素描薄，速写簿

sketch map n.  a roughly drawn map with few details 草图，略图，示意图

sketchy /ˈsketʃi/ adj. (sketchier, sketchiest)  1  giving only a slight or rough outline, like a sketch 略图似的；简略的，粗略的 2 colloq.  unsubstantial or imperfect, esp. through haste [口]不完全的，粗浅的，(尤指)草草完成的 □ sketchily  adv.  □ sketchiness  n.  

skeuomorph /ˈskju:ə(ʊ)mɔ:f/ n.  1  an object or feature copying the design of a similar artefact in another material 仿制品；仿制图案 2  an ornamental design resulting from the nature of the material used or the method of working it 仿制装饰设计 □ skeuomorphic  /-ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.   [Greek skeuos ‘vessel, implement’ + morphē ‘form’]

skew /skju:/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  oblique, slanting, set askew 偏的，斜的，歪的 2 Math. 【数】  a  lying in three dimensions (偏)斜的  skew curve  空间曲线b (of lines) not coplanar (线段)非共面的c (of a statistical distribution) not symmetrical (统计分布)不对称的 ●n.  1  a slant 歪斜，偏斜 2 Statistics  skewness 【统计学】偏斜 ●v.  1 tr.  make skew 使歪斜，使偏斜 2 tr.  distort 曲解，歪曲 3 intr.  move obliquely 斜行 4 intr.  twist 扭曲，扭转 □ on the skew   askew 歪斜的□ skewness  n.   [Old Northern French eskiu(w)er = Old French eschiver ESCHEW]

skew arch n. (also 亦作 skew bridge)  an arch (or bridge) with the line of the arch not at right angles to the abutment (拱门或桥的)斜(交)拱

skewback /ˈskju:bæk/ n.  the sloping face of the abutment on which an extremity of an arch rests 起拱石，拱座

skewbald /ˈskju:bɔ:ld/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal) with irregular patches of white and another colour (properly not black) (cf. 参见 PIEBALD adj. 1) (动物)白色与除黑色外其他颜色夹杂的，花斑色的 ●n.  a skewbald animal, esp. a horse 花斑色的动物(尤指花斑马) [Middle English skued (origin uncertain), on the pattern of PIEBALD]

skew chisel n.  a chisel with an oblique edge 凿子，凿刀

skewer /ˈskju:ə/ n. & v. ●n.  a long pin designed for holding meat etc. compactly together, or the pieces of meat etc. of a kebab, while cooking (烤肉用的)串肉扦，烤肉叉 ●v. tr.  1  fasten together or pierce with or as with a skewer 用串肉扦串起；刺穿，别住 2 esp. N. Amer.  criticize sharply [尤北美]严厉批评 [Middle English: origin unknown]

skew gear n.  a gear consisting of two cogwheels having non-parallel, non-intersecting axes 歪(斜)齿轮

skew-whiff /skju:ˈwif/ adj. & adv. Brit. colloq.  askew [英口]歪斜的

ski /ski:/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. skis)  1  each of a pair of long narrow pieces of wood etc., usu. pointed and turned up at the front, fastened under the feet for travelling over snow 滑雪板 2  a similar device under a vehicle or aircraft (车辆或飞机的)滑橇 3  = WATER-SKI  4 (作 attrib.)  for wear when skiing 滑雪穿的  ski boots  滑雪靴 ●v. (skis, skied /ski:d/; skiing or ski-ing)  1 intr.  travel on skis 滑雪 2 tr.  ski at (a place) 在(某地)滑雪 □ skiable  adj.   [Norwegian from Old Norse skíth ‘billet, snowshoe’]

skiagraphy var.  of SCIAGRAPHY  SCIAGRAPHY 的变体

skiamachy var.  of SCIAMACHY  SCIAMACHY 的变体

ski-bob n. & v. ●n.  a machine like a bicycle with skis instead of wheels (形状似自行车，装有滑雪板而非轮子的)滑雪车，雪犁 ●v. intr. (-bobbed, -bobbing)  ride a ski-bob 坐滑雪车 □ ski-bobber  n.  

skid /skid/ v. & n. ●v. (skidded, skidding)  1 intr. (of a vehicle, a wheel, or a driver) slide on slippery ground, esp. sideways or obliquely (车辆、车轮或驾驶员)打滑，(尤指)滑向一侧 2 tr.  cause (a vehicle etc.) to skid 使(车辆等)打滑 3 intr.  slip, slide 滑行；滑动 4 intr. colloq.  fail or decline or err [口]失败；下滑；犯错 5 tr.  support or move or protect or check with a skid 用滑动垫木支撑，用滑动垫木移动，用垫板保护；用制轮器刹住 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of skidding 打滑，滑行 2  a piece of wood etc. serving as a support, ship's fender, inclined plane, etc. (搬移重物用的)滑动垫木；(上下货物时保护船舷的)垫板，护舷木；斜面 3  a braking device, esp. a wooden or metal shoe preventing a wheel from revolving or used as a drag 制轮器(尤指木质或金属的鞋状防滑物或制动物) 4  a runner beneath an aircraft for use when landing (飞机着陆用的)起落橇，滑橇 □ hit the skids  colloq.  enter a rapid decline or deterioration [口]走下坡路；走向衰败□ on the skids  colloq. [口]  1  about to be discarded or defeated 快被抛弃的；将被解雇的；将被打败的 2  ready for launching 待发射的□ put the skids under  colloq. [口]  1  hasten the downfall or failure of 加速…的失败，使垮台 2  cause to hasten 催促，使赶紧 [17th c., origin unknown: perhaps related to Old Norse skíth (see SKI)]

skid-lid n. Brit. slang  a crash helmet [英] [俚语]头盔，安全帽

skidoo /skiˈdu:/ v. intr. (also 亦作 skiddoo) (-oos, -ooed) N. Amer. slang  go away; depart. [北美] [俚语]走开；离开 [perhaps from SKEDADDLE]

skid-pan n. Brit. [英]  1  a slippery surface prepared for vehicle-drivers to practise control of skidding 打滑试车场(让驾驶员练习控制车轮打滑的特制路面) 2  a braking device 刹车，制动器

skid road n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a road for hauling logs along (运送木材的)滑道 2 colloq.  a part of a town frequented by loggers or vagrants [口] (城镇中伐木工人或流浪汉)常去的地方

skid row n. N. Amer. colloq.  a part of a town frequented by vagrants, alcoholics, etc. [北美口]贫民窟，贫民区(城镇中流浪汉、酒鬼等常去的地方)

skier1 /ˈski:ə/ n.  a person who skis 滑雪者

skier2 var.  of SKYER  SKYER 的变体

skiff /skif/ n.  a light rowing boat or sculling boat 划艇；轻舟 [French esquif from Italian schifo, related to SHIP]

skiffle /ˈskif(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a kind of folk music with a blues or jazz flavour, popular in the 1950s and played by a small group, mainly with a rhythmic accompaniment to a singing guitarist or banjoist, often incorporating improvised instruments such as washboard, jug, etc. [英]噪音爵士乐(具有布鲁斯或爵士风格的音乐，流行于 20 世纪 50 年代，主要用节奏感强的吉他或班卓琴演奏，同时即兴打击洗衣板、罐等) 2 US  a style of 1920s and 30s jazz deriving from blues, ragtime, and folk music, and using improvised as well as conventional instruments [美] (流行于 20 世纪 20 年代和 30 年代的)爵士音乐(起源于布鲁斯、雷格泰姆和民间音乐，用传统的和即兴的乐器演奏) [perhaps imitative]

ski-joring /ˈski:dʒɔ:riŋ, ʃi:ˈjɜ:riŋ/ n.  a winter sport in which a skier is towed by a horse or vehicle 马爬犁运动(由马或车辆拖曳滑雪者的冬季运动) □ ski-jorer  n.   [Norwegian skikjøring (as SKI, kjøre ‘drive’)]

ski jump n.  1  a steep slope levelling off before a sharp drop to allow a skier to leap through the air 跳台滑雪助滑道 2  a jump made from this 跳台滑雪 □ ski jumper  n.  □ ski jumping  n.  

skilful /ˈskilfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] skillful) (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  having or showing skill; practised, expert, adroit, ingenious 技术好的；灵巧的；熟练的 □ skilfully  adv.  □ skilfulness  n.  

ski lift n.  a device for carrying skiers up a slope, usu. on seats hung from an overhead cable (运送滑雪者上坡的)上山吊椅

skill /skil/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  expertness, practised ability, facility in an action; dexterity or tact 技能，技术，技艺 □ skill-less  adj. (archaic [古义] skilless)   [Middle English from Old Norse skil ‘distinction’]

skilled /skild/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  having or showing skill; skilful 技能好的；熟练的 2 (of a worker) highly trained or experienced (工人)熟练的，经验丰富的 3 (of work) requiring skill or special training (工作)需要专门技能的

skillet /ˈskilit/ n.  1 Brit.  a small metal cooking pot with a long handle and usu. legs [英] (通常有支脚的)小长柄锅 2 N. Amer.  a frying pan [北美]平底煎锅 [Middle English, perhaps via Old French escuelete, diminutive of escuele ‘platter’, from Late Latin scutella]

skillful US var.  of SKILFUL [美] SKILFUL 的变体

skilly /ˈskili/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a thin broth or soup or gruel (usu. of oatmeal and water flavoured with meat) (通常用麦片、水加肉煮的)稀粥；薄羹 2  an insipid beverage; tea or coffee 味道淡的饮料(或茶、咖啡) [abbreviation from skilligalee, probably fanciful]

skim /skim/ v. & n. ●v. (skimmed, skimming)  1 tr.  a  take scum or cream or a floating layer from the surface of (a liquid) 从…中撇去浮物b  take (cream etc.) from the surface of a liquid (从液面上)撇去(油脂等) 2 tr.  a  keep touching lightly or nearly touching (a surface) in passing over 轻掠过，轻擦过b  deal with or treat (a subject) superficially 粗浅对待，粗浅处理(某问题) 3 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 over, along)  go lightly over a surface, glide along in the air 擦过，滑过b (foll. by 常后跟 over)  = sense 2b of v.  4  a tr.  read superficially, look over cursorily, gather the salient facts contained in 略读，浏览b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through)  read or look over cursorily 略读，浏览 5 tr. US slang  conceal or divert (income) to avoid paying tax [美] [俚语] (为逃税而)瞒报(收入) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of skimming 撇；撇去浮物的液体；撇去物 2  a thin covering on a liquid (液体表面的)薄覆盖层  skim of ice  冰层 □ skim the cream off   take the best part of 提取精华 [Middle English, back-formation from SKIMMER]

skimmer /ˈskimə/ n.  1  a device for skimming liquids 撇取浮物的器具 2  a person who skims 浏览者，草草阅读的人 3  a flat hat, esp. a broad-brimmed straw hat 平顶宽边草帽 4  any long-winged seabird of the genus Rynchops that feeds by skimming over water with its knifelike lower mandible immersed 剪嘴鸥(一种长翅海鸟，生有刀状下颌，从水面寻找食物) 5  a hydroplane, hydrofoil, hovercraft, or other vessel that has little or no displacement at speed 掠行艇 6 US  a sheath-like dress [美]一种紧身女服 [Middle English from Old French escumoir, via escumer from escume SCUM]

skimmia /ˈskimiə/ n.  any evergreen shrub of the genus Skimmia, native to E. Asia, with red berries 茵芋(生长于东亚的常绿灌木，结红色浆果) [modern Latin from Japanese]

skim milk n. (also 亦作 skimmed milk)  milk from which the cream has been skimmed 脱脂奶，脱脂乳

skimp /skimp/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  supply (a person etc.) meagrely with food, money, etc. 少给，克扣(某人的食物、金钱等) 2 tr.  use a meagre or insufficient amount of, stint (material, expenses, etc.) 节约使用(材料、费用等) 3 tr.  do hastily or carelessly 马虎了事，敷衍了事 4 intr.  be parsimonious 吝啬；节俭，节省 ●adj.  scanty 少的，不足的 ●n. colloq.  a small or scanty thing, esp. a skimpy garment [口]不足的东西；(尤指)暴露的服装 [18th c.: origin unknown: cf. SCAMP2, SCRIMP]

skimpy /ˈskimpi/ adj. (skimpier, skimpiest)  meagre; not ample or sufficient 吝啬的，小气的；贫乏的，不足的 □ skimpily  adv.  □ skimpiness  n.  

skin /skin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the flexible continuous covering of a human or other animal body (人或动物的)皮；皮肤 2  a  the skin of a flayed animal with or without the hair etc. (已剥下的有毛或无毛的)兽皮b  a material prepared from skins esp. of smaller animals (opp. 反义 HIDE2 n. 1) (尤指较小动物的)毛皮，皮 3  a person's skin with reference to its colour or complexion 皮肤；肤色  has a fair skin  肤色白皙 4  an outer layer or covering, esp. the coating of a plant, fruit, or sausage (尤指植物、果实或香肠的)外皮；果皮；肠衣 5  a film like skin on the surface of a liquid etc. (液体等表面的)薄层 6  a container for liquid, made of an animal's whole skin (用动物整块皮做的、盛液体用的)皮囊，皮制容器 7  a  the planking or plating of a ship or boat, inside or outside the ribs (船的)外壳b  the outer covering of any craft or vehicle, esp. an aircraft or spacecraft (航空器或车辆，尤指飞机或宇宙飞船的)蒙皮 8 Brit. slang  a skinhead [英] [俚语]剃光头的人，光头仔 9 US Cards  a game in which each player has one card which he or she bets will not be the first to be matched by a card dealt from the pack [美]【牌戏】一种纸牌戏(每位玩家下注某一张牌不会与所发纸牌的第一张相同的牌戏) 10  = GOLD-BEATER'S SKIN  11  a duplicating stencil 复制模板 ●v. (skinned, skinning)  1 tr.  a  remove the skin from 剥去…的皮b  graze (a part of the body) 擦破(身体某部位的)皮肤 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  a tr.  cover (a sore etc.) with or as with skin 在…上植皮；覆外壳(或外皮)于b intr. (of a wound etc.) become covered with new skin (伤口)长皮 3 tr. slang  fleece or swindle [俚语]诈骗，诈取 □ be skin and bone   be very thin 瘦得皮包骨，骨瘦如柴□ by (or with) the skin of one's teeth   by a very narrow margin 刚好；勉强□ change one's skin   undergo an impossible change of character etc. 改头换面；洗心革面□ get under a person's skin  colloq.  interest or annoy a person intensely [口]使极感兴趣；使恼火(或厌烦)□ have a thick (or thin) skin   be insensitive (or sensitive) to criticism etc. (对待批评等)脸皮厚(薄)□ no skin off one's nose  colloq.  a matter of indifference or even benefit to one [口]与某人无关，对某人没影响□ to the skin   through all one's clothing (湿得)透过衣服  soaked to the skin  全身湿透□ with a whole skin   unwounded 毫发无损□ skinless  adj.  □ skinlike  adj.  □ skinned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English scin(n) from Old Norse skinn]

skincare /ˈskinkɛə/ n.  care of the skin by using cosmetics (用化妆品做的)皮肤护理

skin-deep adj. & adv. ●adj. (of a wound, or of an emotion, an impression, a quality, etc.) superficial, not deep or lasting (伤口)表皮的；(情感、印象、品质等)表面的；肤浅的 ●adv.  superficially, slightly 肤浅地；轻微地

skin diver n.  a person who swims underwater without a diving suit, usu. in deep water with an aqualung and flippers (通常在深水区不穿潜水服而只带呼吸器、橡皮脚掌的)赤身潜水者 □ skin diving  n.  

skin effect n. Electr.  the tendency of a high-frequency alternating current to flow through the outer layer only of a conductor 【电】集肤(或趋肤)效应(改变电流使其在导体表面流动的趋向)

skin-flick n. slang  an explicitly pornographic film [俚语]裸体色情电影

skinflint /ˈskinflint/ n.  a miserly person 小气鬼，吝啬鬼

skin-food n.  a cosmetic intended to improve the condition of the skin 护肤品

skin friction n.  friction at the surface of a solid and a fluid in relative motion (固体与流体相对运动时的)表面摩擦

skinful /ˈskinfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls) Brit. colloq.  enough alcoholic liquor to make one drunk [英口]足以使人醉倒的量

skin game n. US slang  a rigged gambling game; a swindle [美] [俚语]骗局；诈骗

skin graft n.  1  the surgical transplanting of skin 皮肤移植(术) 2  a piece of skin transferred in this way 移植的皮肤

skinhead /ˈskinhed/ n.  1  a person, esp. a youth, characterized by close-cropped hair and heavy boots, esp. one of an aggressive gang 光头仔(剃光头、穿重靴的青年，尤指激进团伙的成员) 2 US  a recruit in the Marines [美]海军陆战队新兵

skink /skiŋk/ n.  a smooth-bodied lizard of the family Scincidae, with the limbs short or even absent 石龙子(石龙子科的一种光滑发亮的蜥蜴，四肢短小甚至已退化) [French scinc or Latin scincus from Greek skigkos]

skinner /ˈskinə/ n.  1  a person who skins animals or prepares skins 剥兽皮者；兽皮加工者 2  a dealer in skins, a furrier 皮革商；皮货商 3 Austral. Racing slang  a result very profitable to bookmakers [澳]【赛马】[俚语] (对赌注登记经纪人而言的)有利结果

skinny /ˈskini/ adj. (skinnier, skinniest)  1  thin or emaciated 瘦的，皮包骨的 2 (of clothing) tight-fitting (衣服)紧绷的 3  made of or like skin 皮质的；皮状的 □ skinniness  n.  

skinny-dipping n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  bathing in the nude [尤北美口]裸体游泳

skint /skint/ adj. Brit. colloq.  having no money left [英口]身无分文的，不名一文的 [= skinned, past part. of SKIN]

skin test n.  a test to determine whether an immune reaction is elicited when a substance is applied to or injected into the skin 皮肤试验(通过使皮肤接触某物质或向皮肤注射某物质来确定是否有免疫反应的试验)

skintight /skinˈtait/ adj. (of a garment) very close-fitting (衣服)紧身的

skip1 /skip/ v. & n. ●v. (skipped, skipping)  1 intr.  a  move along lightly, esp. by taking two steps with each foot in turn 蹦跳着走(尤指一蹦一跳地走)b  jump lightly from the ground, esp. so as to clear a skipping rope 跳(绳)c  jump about, gambol, caper, frisk 跳来蹦去，跳跃 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from, off, to)  move quickly from one point, subject, or occupation to another; be desultory 急速转换(话题、职业等) 3 tr. (also absol [亦含宾])  omit in dealing with a series or in reading 略过，省去；跳读  skip every tenth row  每到第 10 行就略过 always skips the small print  总是忽略小字体 4 tr. colloq.  not participate in [口]不参加 5 tr. colloq.  depart quickly from; leave hurriedly [口]匆匆离开 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, off) colloq.  make off, disappear [口]匆忙离开，消失 7 tr.  make (a stone) ricochet on the surface of water 使(石头)弹跳着擦过(水面) ●n.  1  a skipping movement or action 轻跳，跳跃 2 Computing  the action of passing over part of a sequence of data or instructions 【计算】跳行；空指令 3 N. Amer. colloq.  a person who defaults or absconds [北美口]避债者，逃债者 □ skip it  slang [俚语]  1  abandon a topic etc. 放弃，不再提起(话题等) 2  make off, disappear 离开，逃走 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian]

skip2 /skip/ n.  1 Brit.  a large container for builders' refuse etc. [英] (建筑工人用来清理废料的)倒卸车，料车 2  a cage, bucket, etc., in which men or materials are lowered and raised in mines and quarries (在矿区和采石场用的)罐笼，箕斗 3  = SKEP 1  [variant of SKEP]

skip3 /skip/ n. & v. ●n.  the captain or director of a side at bowls or curling (滚球或冰上溜石游戏的)队长，领队 ●v. tr. (skipped, skipping)  be the skip of 当队长，当领队 [abbreviation of SKIPPER1]

skipjack /ˈskipdʒæk/ n.  1 (in full 全称 skipjack tuna)  a small striped Pacific tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, used as food 鲣鱼(一种产于太平洋的长有条纹的小型金枪鱼) 2  a click beetle 叩头虫 3  a kind of sailing boat used off the east coast of the US (美国东海岸使用的)帆船 [SKIP1 + JACK1]

ski-plane n.  an aeroplane having its undercarriage fitted with skis for landing on snow or ice (装有雪橇可在雪地或冰上着陆的)雪上飞机

skipper1 /ˈskipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sea captain, esp. the master of a small trading or fishing vessel (尤指小商船或渔船的)船长 2  the captain of an aircraft (飞机的)机长 3  the captain of a side in a game or sport (游戏一方或运动队的)队长 ●v. tr.  act as captain of 当队长(或船长) [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German schipper, from schip SHIP]

skipper2 /ˈskipə/ n.  1  a person who skips 蹦跳着走的人 2  any brown thick-bodied butterfly of the family Hesperiidae 弄蝶科蝴蝶(弄蝶科中任何一种身体粗大的棕色蝴蝶)

skippet /ˈskipit/ n.  a small round wooden box to enclose and protect a seal attached to a document (旧时保护文件封印的)封蜡盒 [Middle English: origin unknown]

skipping rope n. (N. Amer. [北美] skip-rope)  a length of rope revolved over the head and under the feet while jumping as a game or exercise (跳绳游戏或运动中使用的)绳

skip zone n.  the annular region round a broadcasting station where neither direct nor reflected waves are received 跳越区(广播电台附近无法接收直接或反射电波的地区)

skirl /skɜ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  the shrill sound characteristic of bagpipes (风笛发出的)尖锐声 ●v. intr.  make a skirl 发出尖锐声 [probably Scandinavian: ultimately imitative]

skirmish /ˈskɜ:miʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of irregular or unpremeditated fighting, esp. between small or outlying parts of armies or fleets; a slight engagement 小规模战斗，小冲突 2  a short argument or contest of wit etc. 小争论，小争执 ●v. intr.  engage in a skirmish 进行小规模战斗，发生小冲突；发生小争论 □ skirmisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French eskirmir, escremir from Frankish]

skirr /skɜ:/ v. intr.  move rapidly esp. with a whirring sound 嗖地一声飞速移动 [perhaps related to SCOUR1 or SCOUR2]

skirret /ˈskirit/ n.  a perennial umbelliferous plant, Sium sisarum, formerly cultivated in Europe for its edible root 泽芹(从前在欧洲种植，根部可食用) [Middle English skirwhit(e), perhaps formed as SHEER1, WHITE]

skirt /skɜ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a woman's outer garment hanging from the waist 女裙 2  the part of a coat, dress, etc. that hangs below the waist (外套、女服等的)下摆 3  a hanging part round the base of a hovercraft (气垫船的)围裙 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  an edge, border, or extreme part 边缘，边界，外围 5 (also Brit. [亦英] bit of skirt) slang offens.  a woman regarded as an object of sexual desire [俚语] [冒犯] (被视为性交对象的)女子 6 (in full 全称 skirt of beef etc.)  a  the diaphragm and other membranes as food 牛腩b Brit.  a cut of meat from the lower flank [英]多筋牛肉 7  a flap of a saddle 马鞍两边的下垂部分 8  a surface that conceals or protects the wheels or underside of a vehicle or aircraft (车辆或飞机的)护罩，挡板 ●v.  1 tr.  go along or round or past the edge of 绕(或沿)…的边缘走 2 tr.  be situated along 位于…的边缘 3 tr.  avoid dealing with (an issue etc.) 绕开，避开(某问题等) 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 along)  go along the coast, a wall, etc. 沿(海岸、墙等)走 □ skirted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ skirtless  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse skyrta ‘shirt’, corresponding to Old English scyrte: see SHIRT]

skirting /ˈskɜ:tiŋ/ n. (in full 全称 skirting board) Brit.  a narrow board etc. running along the base of an interior wall [英] (内墙底部的)踢脚板，壁脚板

ski run n.  a slope prepared for skiing 滑雪坡，滑雪道

ski stick n.  either of two sticks held by a skier to assist with balance, propulsion, and braking 滑雪杖

skit1 /skit/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a light, usu. short, piece of satire or burlesque 讽刺小品；滑稽短剧 [related to skit ‘move lightly and rapidly’, perhaps from Old Norse (cf. skjóta SHOOT)]

skit2 /skit/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a large number, a crowd 很多，一群 2 (in pl. 用复数)  heaps, lots 许许多多 [20th c.: origin unknown]

skite /skait/ v. & n. ●v. intr. Austral. & NZ colloq.  boast, brag [澳新口]吹嘘，吹牛 ●n.  1 Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  a  a boaster 吹牛者b  boasting; boastfulness 吹牛，吹嘘 2 Sc.  a drinking bout; a spree [苏格兰]狂饮；狂欢  on the skite  在狂饮 [Scots & northern English dialect, = a person regarded with contempt: cf. BLATHERSKITE]

skitter /ˈskitə/ v. intr. (also 亦作 skeeter /ˈski:tə/)  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, across)  move lightly or hastily 轻快地跑；飞掠b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, off)  hurry about, dart off 匆匆离开，飞快走开 2  fish by drawing bait jerkily across the surface of the water (抽动带饵的鱼钩)钓鱼 [apparently frequentative of dialect skite, perhaps formed as SKIT1]

skittery /ˈskit(ə)ri/ adj.  skittish, restless 易受惊吓的；紧张的

skittish /ˈskitiʃ/ adj.  1  lively, playful 活泼的，好动的 2 (of a horse etc.) nervous, inclined to shy, fidgety (马等)易惊的；受惊的；不安的 □ skittishly  adv.  □ skittishness  n.   [Middle English, perhaps formed as SKIT1]

skittle /skit(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pin used in the game of skittles (撞柱游戏中用的)木柱 2 (in pl. 用复数 ; usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a  a game played with usu. nine wooden pins set up at the end of an alley to be bowled down usu. with wooden balls or a wooden disc 撞柱游戏(通常为 9 个木柱，放置在球道尽头，用木球或木碟将木柱击倒)b (in full 全称 table skittles)  a game played with similar pins set up on a board to be knocked down by swinging a suspended ball 桌面撞柱戏(在一块板子上摆放木柱，摇摆一个悬球将其击倒的一种游戏)c Brit. colloq.  chess not played seriously [英口] (随意玩的)棋 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Cricket  get (batsmen) out in rapid succession 【板球】使(击球员)连续出局 [17th c. (also kittle-pins): origin unknown]

skive /skaiv/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  split or pare (hides, leather, etc.) (把兽皮、皮革等)片成多层 2 intr. Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  evade a duty, shirk 逃避责任；躲避b (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  avoid work by absenting oneself, play truant 逃避工作；逃学 ●n. colloq. [口]  1  an instance of shirking 逃避，躲避 2  an easy option 轻易的选择 □ skiver  n.   [Old Norse skífa, related to Middle English schīve ‘slice’]

skivvy /ˈskivi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a Brit. colloq. derog.  a female domestic servant [英口] [贬]女用人b  a person doing work considered menial or poorly paid 干粗活(或报酬低)的人 2  a US & Austral.  a thin high-necked long-sleeved garment [美澳]高领长袖衫b (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer.  underwear of vest and underpants [北美]汗衫，内衣裤 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied) colloq.  work as a skivvy [口]干粗活 [20th c.: origin unknown]

skol /skɒl, skəʊl/ n. (also 亦作 skoal)  used as a toast in drinking (祝酒词)祝您健康！干杯！  [Danish skaal, Swedish skål, from Old Norse skɑˊl ‘bowl’]

skua /ˈskju:ə/ n.  any large brownish predatory seabird of the family Stercorariidae which pursues other birds and makes them disgorge the fish they have caught Cf. 参见 JAEGER 贼鸥(一种大型食肉海鸟，棕色羽毛，经常追逐其他鸟类，逼其吐出捕到的鱼) [modern Latin from Faroese skúgvur, Old Norse skúfr]

skulduggery /skʌlˈdʌɡ(ə)ri/ n. (also 亦作 sculduggery, skullduggery)  trickery; unscrupulous behaviour 诡计；欺骗，诈骗 [earlier sculduddery, originally Scots = unchastity (18th c.: origin unknown)]

skulk /skʌlk/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  move stealthily, lurk, or keep oneself concealed, esp. in a cowardly or sinister way 躲躲闪闪地走；偷偷避开；(尤指胆怯地或阴险地)躲藏 2  stay or sneak away in time of danger (遇危险时)躲避，逃走 3 Brit.  shirk duty [英]逃避责任 ●n.  1  a person who skulks 躲闪者，躲藏者；逃避责任者 2  a company of foxes (狐狸的)一群，一帮 □ skulker  n.   [Middle English from Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian skulka lurk, Danish skulke, Swedish skolka ‘shirk’]

skull /skʌl/ n.  1  the bony case of the brain of a vertebrate 脑壳 2  a  the part of the skeleton corresponding to the head 颅骨b  this with the skin and soft internal parts removed 头盖骨c  a representation of this 骷髅画 3  the head as the seat of intelligence 头脑，脑筋 □ out of one's skull  slang [俚语]  1  out of one's mind, crazy 疯狂的，发疯的 2  very drunk 酩酊大醉的□ skulled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English scolle: origin unknown]

skull and crossbones n. pl.  a representation of a skull with two thigh bones crossed below it as an emblem of piracy or death 骷髅画，骷髅旗(由一个骷髅和两根交叉的大腿骨组成，作为海盗或死亡的象征)

skullcap /ˈskʌlkæp/ n.  1  a small close-fitting peakless cap 无檐便帽 2  the top part of the skull 头顶(骨)，天灵盖 3  any plant of the genus Scutellaria, having a helmet-shaped calyx after flowering 黄芩属植物(其花有盔状花萼)

skull session n. US slang  a discussion or conference [美] [俚语]讨论会，会议

skunk /skʌŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of various cat-sized flesh-eating mammals of the family Mustelidae, esp. Mephitis mephitis having a distinctive black and white striped fur and able to emit a powerful stench from a liquid secreted by its anal glands as a defence 臭鼬(一种体型似猫的食肉动物，生有带白色条纹的黑毛，遇险时可从肛门分泌出一种恶臭的油状液体来保护自己)b  its fur 臭鼬的毛皮 2 colloq.  a thoroughly contemptible person [口]卑鄙的人，可恶的人 ●v. tr.  1 N. Amer. slang  defeat soundly [北美] [俚语]战胜，大败 2  fail to pay (a bill etc.) 不付…的帐；赖(帐) [Algonquian]

skunk-bear n. US [美]  = GLUTTON 3 

skunk-cabbage n. US  a herbaceous plant, Lysichiton americanum, with an offensive-smelling spathe [美]臭菘(一种有难闻气味的湿地植物)

sky /skai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. skies) (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  1  the region of the atmosphere and outer space seen from the earth 天，天空 2  the weather or climate evidenced by this 天气；气候 ●v. tr. (skies, skied)  1 Cricket  etc. hit (a ball) high into the air 【板球】把(球)击向空中 2  hang (a picture) high on a wall 把(画)挂在墙的高处 □ the sky is the limit   there is practically no limit 没有任何限制□ to the skies   very highly; without reserve 极度，无保留地  praised to the skies  极力赞美□ under the open sky   out of doors 在露天，在户外□ skyey  adj.  □ skyless  adj.   [Middle English ski(es) ‘cloud(s)’ from Old Norse ský]

sky blue n. & adj. ●n.  a bright clear blue 天蓝色，蔚蓝色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的

sky-blue pink n. & adj. ●n.  an imaginary colour 天蓝粉红色，乌有色 ●adj.  of this colour 天蓝粉红色的，乌有色的

sky-clad adj.  naked (esp. in connection with modern pagan ritual) (尤指与现代邪教仪式有关的)裸体的，一丝不挂的 [probably translation of Sanskrit Digɑˉmbara, denoting a Jain sect]

sky cloth n. Theatr.  a backcloth painted or coloured to represent the sky 【戏】天幕(画得像天空的背景幕)

skydiving /ˈskaidaiviŋ/ n.  the sport of performing acrobatic manoeuvres under free fall with a parachute (在自由降落时做空中特技表演的)高空跳伞运动 □ skydive  v. intr.  □ skydiver  n.  

skyer /ˈskaiə/ n. (also 亦作 skier) Cricket  a high hit 【板球】高打(球)

Skye terrier /skai/ n.  a small long-haired slate-coloured or fawn-coloured variety of Scottish terrier 斯凯猎犬(一种苏格兰种的长毛短腿狗) [Skye, an island of the Inner Hebrides]

sky-high adv. & adj.  as if reaching the sky, very high 极高的(地)，高入云霄的(地)

skyjack /ˈskaidʒæk/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v. tr.  hijack (an aircraft) 劫持(飞机) ●n.  an act of skyjacking 劫机 □ skyjacker  n.   [SKY + HIJACK]

skylark /ˈskailɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a lark, Alauda arvensis of Eurasia and N. Africa, that sings while hovering in flight 云雀(产于欧亚大陆和北非的一种雀鸟，在飞行中发出鸣叫声) ●v. intr.  play tricks or practical jokes, indulge in horseplay, frolic 嬉戏，嬉闹 [SKY + LARK1: the verb with pun on LARK2]

skylight /ˈskailait/ n.  a window set in the plane of a roof or ceiling (屋顶的)天窗

skyline /ˈskailain/ n.  the outline of hills, buildings, etc., defined against the sky; the visible horizon (山、建筑物等在天空映衬下的)空中轮廓线；地平线

sky pilot n. slang  a clergyman [俚语]牧师

skyrocket /ˈskairɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  a rocket exploding high in the air 冲天火箭(一种焰火) ●v. intr. (-rocketed, -rocketing) (esp. of prices etc.) rise very steeply or rapidly (尤指物价等)猛涨，猛升

skysail /ˈskaiseil, -s(ə)l/ n.  a light sail above the royal in a square-rigged ship (装于横帆式船只顶桅帆上方的)天帆

skyscape /ˈskaiskeip/ n.  1  a picture chiefly representing the sky 天空风景画 2  a view of the sky 天空景色

skyscraper /ˈskaiskreipə/ n.  a very tall building of many storeys 摩天大楼

sky-shouting n. Brit.  the sending of messages from an aircraft to the ground by means of a loudspeaker [英]空中呼喊(指借助飞机(或其他航空器)上的扬声器向地面传送消息)

sky-sign n.  an advertisement on the roof of a building (安放在建筑物顶上的)高空广告牌

skywalk /ˈskaiwɔ:k/ n.  = SKYWAY 3 

skyward /ˈskaiwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 skywards)  towards the sky 向上；朝向天空 ●adj.  moving skyward 向上的；朝向天空的

skywatch /ˈskaiwɒtʃ/ n.  the activity of watching the sky for aircraft etc. 天空观察

sky wave n.  a radio wave reflected from the ionosphere 天波(从电离层反射的无线电波)

skyway /ˈskaiwei/ n.  1  a route used by aircraft 航空线，航路(飞机使用的路线) 2  the sky as a medium of transport 空中运输 3  a covered overhead walkway between buildings (在建筑物之间搭建的架高的)人行天桥

sky-writing n.  legible smoke-trails made by an aeroplane esp. for advertising 空中文字，空中广告(尤指飞机放烟在空中写成文字或构成图案所做的广告宣传)

slab /slæb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flat broad fairly thick usu. square or rectangular piece of solid material, esp. stone (尤指方形或长方形石质的)厚板，平板 2  a large flat piece of cake, chocolate, etc. (蛋糕、巧克力等)大片，大块 3 (of timber) an outer piece sawn from a log (木材的)板皮，背板 4 Brit.  a mortuary table [英]停尸桌 ●v. tr. (slabbed, slabbing)  remove slabs from (a log or tree) to prepare it for sawing into planks (从原木或树干上)去掉板皮，锯去背板 [Middle English: origin unknown]

slack1 /slæk/ adj., n., v. & adv. ●adj.  1  not taut; not held tensely 松的；不紧的  slack rope  松垂的绳子 slack muscles  松弛的肌肉 2  inactive or sluggish 不活跃的，迟缓的 3  negligent or remiss 疏忽的；马虎的 4 (of tide etc.) neither ebbing nor flowing (潮汐等)无涨落的 5 (of trade or business or a market) with little happening (贸易、商业或市场)萧条的 6 Phonet. 【语音】  = LAX 3  7  relaxed, languid 松弛的；倦怠的 ●n.  1  the slack part of a rope (绳的)松垂部分  haul in the slack  拉紧绳子 2  a slack time in trade etc. (贸易等的)淡季 3 colloq.  a spell of inactivity or laziness [口]闲散；懒散 4 (in pl. 用复数)  full-length loosely-cut trousers for informal wear 宽松长裤 ●v.  1  a tr. & intr.  slacken 松劲，松弛，松缓b tr.  loosen (rope etc.) 使(绳索等)松弛 2 intr. Brit. colloq.  take a rest; be lazy; shirk [英口]放松；怠惰，懒散 3 tr.  slake (lime) 熟化(石灰) ●adv.  1  slackly 松弛地；懈怠地 2  slowly or insufficiently 缓慢地；不充分地  dry slack  慢慢地晾干 bake slack  用文火烘烤 ； □ slack off   1  loosen 放松 2  lose or cause to lose vigour 松劲；懈怠□ slack up   reduce the speed of a train etc. before stopping (火车等停车前)减速□ take up the slack   use up a surplus or make up a deficiency; avoid an undesirable lull 抓紧松弛环节；弥补不足；查漏补缺□ slackly  adv.  □ slackness  n.   [Old English slœc, from Germanic]

slack2 /slæk/ n.  coal dust or small pieces of coal 煤屑，煤末 [Middle English, probably from Low German or Dutch]

slacken /ˈslæk(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become slack (使)松弛；松劲；减缓 □ slacken off   = slack off (see 见 SLACK1) 

slacker /ˈslækə/ n.  a shirker; an indolent person 偷懒的人，逃避工作的人；逃避职责的人

slack lime n.  slaked lime 熟石灰

slack suit n. US  casual clothes of slacks and a matching jacket or shirt [美]宽松套装

slack water n.  a time near the turn of the tide, esp. at low tide 平潮期(指涨落潮交替之际，尤指低潮期)

slag /slæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  vitreous refuse left after ore has been smelted, dross separated in a fused state in the reduction of ore, clinkers (冶炼后等的)矿渣，熔渣，炉渣 2  volcanic scoria 火山渣 3 Brit. slang offens. [英] [俚语] [冒犯]  a  a prostitute or promiscuous woman 妓女，荡妇b  a worthless or insignificant person 无足轻重的人 ●v. (slagged, slagging)  1 intr.  a  form slag 成熔渣b  cohere into a mass like slag 成渣状 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off) Brit. slang  criticize, insult [英] [俚语]批评；辱骂 □ slaggy  adj. (slaggier, slaggiest)   [Middle Low German slagge, perhaps from slagen ‘strike’, with reference to fragments formed by hammering]

slag heap n.  a hill of refuse from a mine etc. (矿山等的)熔渣堆，矿渣堆

slag-wool n.  = MINERAL WOOL 

slain past part.  of SLAY1 . 

slainte /ˈslɑ:ntʃə, 盖尔语 slaŋə/ int.  a Gaelic toast: good health! (盖尔语祝酒词)祝你健康！干杯！  [Gaelic slɑˊinte, literally ‘health’]

slake /sleik/ v. tr.  1  assuage or satisfy (thirst, revenge, etc.) 解(渴)；息(怒)；满足(欲望等) 2  disintegrate (quicklime) by chemical combination with water 熟化(生石灰) [Old English slacian from slœc SLACK1]

slaked lime  see 见 LIME1 n. 2 

slalom /ˈslɑ:ləm/ n.  1  a ski race down a zigzag course defined by artificial obstacles 障碍滑雪赛 2  an obstacle race in canoes or cars or on skateboards or water-skis (独木舟、汽车、滑板、滑水的)障碍比赛，回旋赛 [Norwegian, literally ‘sloping track’]

slam1 /slæm/ v. & n. ●v. (slammed, slamming)  1 tr. & intr.  shut forcefully and loudly 使劲关，砰地关上 2 tr.  put down (an object) with a similar sound 砰地放下(某物) 3 intr.  move violently 猛地移动  he slammed out of the room  他猛地冲出房间 4 tr. & intr.  put or come into action suddenly or forcefully 突然做(某事)；猛然做(某事)  slam the brakes on  猛踩刹车 5 tr. slang  criticize severely [俚语]猛烈抨击 6 tr. slang  hit [俚语]猛击，猛攻 7 tr. slang  gain an easy victory over [俚语]轻松取胜 ●n.  1  a sound of or as of a slammed door 砰的一声 2  the shutting of a door etc. with a loud bang 猛关；猛击 3 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) N. Amer. slang  prison [北美] [俚语]监狱 [probably from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse slam(b)ra]

slam2 /slæm/ n. Cards  the winning of every trick in a game 【牌戏】满贯 [originally the name of a card game: perhaps from obsolete slampant ‘trickery’]

slambang /slæmˈbæŋ/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  with the sound of a slam 砰地一声 ●adj. colloq.  impressive, exciting, or energetic [口]猛烈的；喧闹的；有力的

slam dunk n. (also 亦作 slamdunk) Basketball  a play in which a player jumps and thrusts the ball forcefully down into the basket 【篮球】塞篮，扣篮

slammer /ˈslæmə/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) slang  prison [俚语]监狱

slander /ˈslɑ:ndə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a malicious, false, and injurious statement spoken about a person 诽谤，诋毁 2  the uttering of such statements; calumny 诽谤(或诋毁的)言论 3 Law  false oral defamation (cf. 参见 LIBEL n. 1) 【法律】口头诽谤 ●v. tr.  utter slander about; defame falsely 诽谤，诋毁 □ slanderer  n.  □ slanderous  adj.  □ slanderously  adv.   [Middle English sclaundre via Anglo-French esclaundre, Old French esclandre, alteration of escandle, from Late Latin scandalum: see SCANDAL]

slang /slæŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  words, phrases, and uses that are regarded as very informal and are often restricted to special contexts or are peculiar to a specified profession, class, etc. (某个行业、阶层等的)俚语；行话  racing slang  赛马用语 schoolboy slang  学生俚语 ●v.  1 tr.  use abusive language to 辱骂，谩骂 2 intr.  use such language 使用俚语 [18th-c.: origin unknown]

slanging match n. Brit.  a prolonged exchange of insults [英] (长时间的)互相谩骂

slangy /ˈslæŋi/ adj. (slangier, slangiest)  1  of the character of slang 俚语的；俚语性的 2  fond of using slang 喜欢用俚语的 □ slangily  adv.  □ slanginess  n.  

slant /slɑ:nt/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 intr.  slope; diverge from a line; lie or go obliquely to a vertical or horizontal line 倾斜；歪斜 2 tr.  cause to do this 使倾斜；使歪斜 3 tr. (often as 常作 slanted adj.)  present (information) from a particular angle esp. in a biased or unfair way 使有倾向性，使带某种色彩(尤指有偏见或看法不公正) ●n.  1  a slope; an oblique position 倾斜；歪斜；斜线；斜面 2  a way of regarding a thing; a point of view, esp. a biased one (尤指带有偏见的)倾向，看法，观点 ●adj.  sloping, oblique 倾斜的；歪斜的 □ on a (or the) slant   aslant 歪斜着 [aphetic form of ASLANT: the verb related to Middle English slent from Old Norse sletta ‘dash, throw’]

slant-eyed adj.  having slanting eyes 斜视的

slant height n.  the height of a cone from the vertex to the periphery of the base (圆锥体的)斜高

slantwise /ˈslɑ:ntwaiz/ adv.  aslant 倾斜地；歪斜地

slap /slæp/ v., n. & adv. ●v. (slapped, slapping)  1 tr. & intr.  strike with the palm of the hand or a flat object, or so as to make a similar noise (用手掌)掴，打，拍打 2 tr.  lay forcefully 猛掷，用力放  slapped the money on the table  啪的一声把钱放到桌子上 slapped a writ on the offender  把传票猛地扔给犯法者 3 tr.  put hastily or carelessly (快速或随意地)涂抹  slap some paint on the walls  往墙上涂了些油漆 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down) colloq.  reprimand or snub [口]训斥；怠慢 ●n.  1  a blow with the palm of the hand or a flat object 掴，拍 2  a slapping sound 拍打声，掌击声 ●adv.  1  with the suddenness or effectiveness or true aim of a blow; suddenly, fully, directly 猛地；直接地；突然地；完全地  ran slap into him  猛地撞上他 hit me slap in the eye  正好打中我的眼睛 2  = SLAP BANG  □ slap on the back ● n.  congratulations (拍打脊背以表示)祝贺 ●v. tr.  congratulate 祝贺 [Low German slapp (imitative)]

slap and tickle n. Brit. colloq.  light-hearted amorous amusement [英口]调情，打情骂俏

slap bang adv.  1  exactly, precisely 正好，恰好  slap bang in the middle of the town  恰好在城市中心 2  violently, noisily, headlong 猛烈地；喧闹地；轻率地 3  conspicuously, prominently 显眼地，显著地

slapdash /ˈslæpdæʃ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  hasty and careless 仓促的；草率的 ●adv.  in a slapdash manner 仓促地；草率地

slap-happy adj. colloq. [口]  1  cheerfully casual or flippant 满不在乎的，轻率无礼的 2  punch-drunk (被打得)头晕目眩的

slaphead /ˈslæphed/ n. slang derog.  a person with very short hair or very little hair [俚语] [贬]秃子

slap in the face n.  a rebuff or affront 怠慢；侮辱

slapjack /ˈslæpdʒæk/ n. N. Amer.  a kind of pancake cooked on a griddle [北美]薄煎饼，烙饼 [SLAP + JACK1]

slapper /ˈslæpə/ n. Brit. slang offens.  a promiscuous woman [英] [俚语] [冒犯]淫乱的女子，荡妇

slapstick /ˈslæpstik/ n.  1  boisterous knockabout comedy 粗俗滑稽剧，闹剧 2  a flexible divided lath used by a clown (闹剧中小丑使用的)敲板，击板 [SLAP + STICK1]

slap-up attrib. adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  excellent, lavish; done regardless of expense [尤英口]一流的，高档的，上等的  slap-up meal  上好的饭菜

slash /slæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make a sweeping or random cut or cuts with a knife, sword, whip, etc. (用刀、剑、鞭等)猛砍，乱抽 2 tr.  make such a cut or cuts at 猛砍，乱抽 3 tr.  make a long narrow gash or gashes in 砍击，劈砍 4 tr.  reduce (prices etc.) drastically (价格等)大幅度削减 5 tr.  censure vigorously 严厉谴责，猛烈抨击 6 tr.  make (one's way) by slashing 挥刀开辟(道路) 7 tr.  a  lash (a person etc.) with a whip 鞭打，抽打b  crack (a whip) (鞭子)发出噼啪声 ●n.  1  a  a slashing cut or stroke 猛砍，乱抽b  a wound or slit made by this 砍痕，鞭痕 2  an oblique stroke; a solidus 斜线；斜线号 3 Brit. slang  an act of urinating [英] [俚语]撒尿 4 N. Amer.  debris resulting from the felling or destruction of trees [北美] (树林砍伐后残留的)枝桠 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French esclachier ‘break in pieces’]

slash-and-burn adj. (of cultivation) in which vegetation is cut down, allowed to dry, and then burned off before seeds are planted 刀耕火种的

slashed /slæʃt/ adj. (of a sleeve etc.) having slits to show a lining or puffing of other material (衣袖等)开叉的，开缝的

slasher /ˈslæʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that slashes 乱砍者；切碎机 2 (in full 全称 slasher film, slasher movie)  a film depicting violent assault with a knife etc. 暴力影片

slashing /ˈslæʃiŋ/ adj.  vigorously incisive or effective 尖锐的；鲜明的

slat /slæt/ n.  a thin narrow piece of wood or plastic or metal, esp. used in an overlapping series as in a fence or Venetian blind (尤指栅栏或活动百叶窗上用木头、塑料或金属制成的)板条，狭板 [Middle English s(c)lat via Old French esclat ‘splinter’ etc., from esclater ‘split’, from Romanic]

slate /sleit/ n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a fine-grained grey, green, or bluish-purple metamorphic rock easily split into flat smooth plates (通常为灰、绿、紫蓝色的)板岩；页岩 2  a piece of such a plate used as roofing-material 石板，石板瓦 3  a piece of such a plate used for writing on, usu. framed in wood (通常带木框的、写字用的)石板 4  a bluish-grey colour 石板色，蓝灰色 5 N. Amer.  a list of nominees for office etc. [北美]候选人名单 ●v. tr.  1  cover with slates esp. as roofing 用石板铺盖(尤指屋顶) 2 Brit. colloq.  criticize severely; scold [英口]抨击，谴责 3 N. Amer.  make arrangements for (an event etc.) [北美]安排，规划 4 N. Amer.  propose or nominate for office etc. [北美]提名，推举 ●adj.  made of slate 石板制的 □ on the slate  Brit.  recorded as a debt to be paid [英]赊账，挂账□ wipe the slate clean   forgive or cancel the record of past offences 捐弃前嫌，勾销往事□ slating  n.  □ slaty  adj.   [Middle English s(c)late from Old French esclate, fem. form of esclat SLAT]

slate blue n. & adj. ●n.  a shade of blue occurring in slate 石板蓝，蓝灰色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 石板蓝的，蓝灰色的

slate colour n. & adj. ●n.  a dark bluish or greenish grey 暗蓝灰色，暗绿灰色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 暗蓝灰色的，暗绿灰色的 □ slate-coloured  adj.  

slate grey n. & adj. ●n.  a shade of grey occurring in slate 石板灰，青灰色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 石板灰的，青灰色的

slate-pencil n.  a small rod of soft slate used for writing on slate (在石板上书写用的)石笔

slater /ˈsleitə/ n.  1  a person who slates roofs etc. 石板瓦匠；铺石板工 2  a woodlouse or similar crustacean 土鳖，潮虫

slather /ˈslæðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) US colloq.  a large amount [美口]大量 2 (often 常作 open slather) Austral. & NZ slang  unrestricted scope for action [澳新] [俚语]自由行动范围 ●v. tr. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  1  spread thickly 厚厚地涂抹 2  squander 挥霍，浪费 [19th c.: origin unknown]

slatted /ˈslætid/ adj.  having slats 装有板条的；用板条做的

slattern /ˈslæt(ə)n/ n.  a slovenly woman 邋遢女人，懒妇 □ slatternly  adj.  □ slatternliness  n.   [17th c.: related to slattering ‘slovenly’, from dialect slatter ‘to spill, slop, waste’, frequentative of slat ‘strike’, of unknown origin]

slaughter /ˈslɔ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the killing of an animal or animals 屠宰，宰杀 2  the killing of many persons or animals at once or continuously; carnage, massacre 屠杀；残杀，杀戮 ●v. tr.  1  kill (people) in a ruthless manner or on a great scale 屠杀；杀戮，残杀(人) 2  kill (animals) esp. in large numbers (尤指大量)屠宰，宰杀(动物) 3 colloq.  defeat utterly [口]彻底击败 □ slaughterer  n.  □ slaughterous  adj.   [Middle English slahter, ultimately from Old Norse slɑˊtr ‘butcher's meat’, related to SLAY1]

slaughterhouse /ˈslɔ:təhaʊs/ n.  1  a place for the slaughter of animals as food (动物的)屠宰场 2  a place of carnage (人的)屠杀场

Slav /slɑ:v/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a group of peoples in central and eastern Europe speaking Slavonic languages 斯拉夫人(中、东欧几个说斯拉夫语的民族之一的成员) ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Slavs 斯拉夫人的 2  = SLAVONICadj. 1  □ Slavism  n.   [Middle English Sclave from medieval Latin Sclavus, late Greek Sklabos, later also from medieval Latin Slavus]

slave /sleiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who is the legal property of another or others and is bound to absolute obedience; a human chattel 奴隶 2  a drudge; a person working very hard 苦力，苦工；拼命工作的人 3 (foll. by 后跟 of, to)  a helpless victim of some dominating influence 耽迷…的人，对…沉迷的人  slave of fashion  拼命赶时髦的人 slave to duty  尽职尽责的人 4  a machine, or part of one, directly controlled by another 从动装置 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, over)  work very hard 拼命工作，苦干 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  subject (a device) to control by another 使(装置)从动于 [Middle English from Old French esclave = medieval Latin sclavus, sclava ‘Slavonic (captive)’: see SLAV]

slave-bangle n.  a bangle of gold, glass, etc., worn by a woman usu. above the elbow (通常为妇女戴在肘以上的黄金、玻璃等制的)臂镯

slave-born adj.  born in slavery; born of slave parents 奴隶出身的

slave-bracelet n.  = SLAVE-BANGLE 

slave-driver n.  1  an overseer of slaves at work 监管奴隶的监工 2  a person who works others hard, esp. excessively so 残酷苛刻的监工(或老板) □ slave-drive  v. tr. (past -drove; past part. -driven)  

slave labour n.  forced labour 强迫劳动，奴役

slaver1 /ˈsleivə/ n. hist.  a ship or person engaged in the slave trade [史义]贩奴船；奴隶贩子

slaver2 /ˈslævə, ˈsleivə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  saliva running from the mouth 口水，涎水 2  a  fulsome or servile flattery 奉承，恭维b  drivel, nonsense 胡言乱语，胡说八道 ●v. intr.  1  let saliva run from the mouth; dribble 淌口水 2 (foll. by 后跟 over)  show excessive sentimentality over, or desire for 渴望，垂涎 [Middle English, probably from Low German or Dutch: cf. SLOBBER]

slavery /ˈsleiv(ə)ri/ n.  1  the condition of a slave 奴隶身份 2  exhausting labour; drudgery 苦活；苦役 3  the custom of having slaves 奴隶制

slave ship n. hist.  a ship transporting slaves, esp. from Africa [史义] (尤指来自非洲的)贩奴船

Slave State n. hist.  any of the southern states of the US in which slavery was legal before the Civil War [史义]蓄奴州(指美国南北战争前实行奴隶制的南部的几个州之一)

slave trade n. hist.  the procuring, transporting, and selling of human beings, esp. African blacks, as slaves [史义] (尤指对非洲黑人的)奴隶买卖 □ slave trader  n.  

slavey /ˈsleivi/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit. colloq.  a maidservant, esp. a hard-worked one [英口] (尤指做粗笨活儿的)女佣

Slavic /ˈslɑ:vik/ adj. & n.  = SLAVONIC 

slavish /ˈsleiviʃ/ adj.  1  of, like, or as of slaves 奴隶的；奴隶般的 2  showing no attempt at originality or development 缺乏独创性的，无新意的 3  abject, servile, base 下贱的；奴性的；卑鄙的 □ slavishly  adv.  □ slavishness  n.  

Slavonic /sləˈvɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the group of Indo-European languages including Russian, Polish, and Czech 斯拉夫语的(印欧语系的一支，包括俄语、波兰语和捷克语) 2  of or relating to the Slavs 斯拉夫人的 ●n.  the Slavonic language group 斯拉夫语族 [medieval Latin S(c)lavonicus, via S(c)lavonia ‘country of Slavs’ from Sclavus SLAV]

slaw /slɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  coleslaw [北美]凉拌卷心菜丝 [Dutch sla, shortened from salade SALAD]

slay1 /slei/ v. tr. (past slew /slu:/; past part. slain /slein/)  1 literary or N. Amer.  kill [文学用语] [北美]杀，杀死 2 colloq.  overwhelm with delight; convulse with laughter [口]使大笑；使笑得前仰后合 □ slayer  n.   [Old English slēan, from Germanic]

slay2 var.  of SLEY  SLEY 的变体

SLBM abbr.  submarine-launched ballistic missile [缩略]潜艇发射的弹道导弹

SLD abbr. (in the UK) Social and Liberal Democrats (formed in 1988 from a majority of the membership of the Liberal Party and the SDP and officially replaced by Liberal Democrats in 1989) [缩略] (英国)社会自由民主党 (1988 年成立，由自由党和社会民主党的多数成员组成， 1989 年被自由民主党正式取代)

sleaze /sli:z/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  sleaziness; sleazy material or conditions 邋遢，肮脏，污秽 2  a person of low moral standards 卑劣的人 ●v. intr.  move in a sleazy fashion 缓慢无力地移动 [back-formation from SLEAZY]

sleazeball /ˈsli:zbɔ:l/ n. (also 亦作 sleazebag /ˈsli:zbæɡ/) slang  a sordid or despicable person [俚语]肮脏的人；卑劣的人

sleazy /ˈsli:zi/ adj. (sleazier, sleaziest)  1  squalid, tawdry, sordid 肮脏的，邋遢的，污秽的 2  slatternly 不整洁的，不修边幅的 3 (of textiles etc.) flimsy (织物等)质地单薄的 □ sleazily  adv.  □ sleaziness  n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

sled /sled/ n. & v. N. Amer. [北美] ●n.  = SLEDGE1n.  ●v. intr. & tr. (sledded, sledding)  = SLEDGE1v.  [Middle Low German sledde, related to SLIDE]

sledge1 /sledʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vehicle on runners for conveying loads or passengers esp. over snow, drawn by horses, dogs, or reindeer, or pushed or pulled by one or more persons (尤指由马、狗、驯鹿或人拉的)雪橇(车) 2 Brit.  a toboggan [英]平底雪橇 ●v. intr. & tr.  ride or convey on a sledge 乘雪橇；用雪橇运送 [Middle Dutch sleedse, related to SLED]

sledge2 /sledʒ/ n.  = SLEDGEHAMMER 1 

sledgehammer /ˈsledʒhæmə/ n.  1  a large heavy hammer used to break stone etc. (用于砸石头等的长柄的)大锤 2 (作 attrib.)  heavy or powerful 猛烈的，强有力的  a sledgehammer blow  沉重的打击 [Old English slecg (related to SLAY1) + HAMMER]

sledging /ˈsledʒiŋ/ n. Cricket slang  the heaping of insults on an opposing player in order to break his or her concentration 【板球】[俚语] (为分散对手注意力的)辱骂 [sledge ‘use a sledgehammer on’]

sleek /sli:k/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of hair, fur, or skin, or of an animal or person with such hair etc.) smooth and glossy (头发、毛发或皮肤)光滑闪亮的 2  looking well-fed and comfortable 喂养得好的；长得好的 3  ingratiating 油嘴滑舌的，圆滑的 4 (of a thing) smooth and polished (某物)光滑锃亮的 ●v. tr.  make sleek, esp. by stroking or pressing down (尤指通过抚摸或压紧)使光滑；使光洁 □ sleekly  adv.  □ sleekness  n.  □ sleeky  adj.   [later variant of SLICK]

sleep /sli:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a condition of body and mind such as that which normally recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended 睡眠，睡觉 2  a period of sleep 睡眠时间  shall try to get a sleep  将设法睡一会儿 3  a state like sleep, such as rest, quiet, or death (像睡着似的)休眠；静止；死亡 4  the prolonged inert condition of hibernating animals (动物的)冬眠，蛰伏 5  a substance found in the corners of the eyes after sleep 眼屎 ●v. (past and past part. slept /slept/)  1 intr.  a  be in a state of sleep 睡，睡觉b  fall asleep 入睡，睡着 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, in, etc.)  spend the night 过夜 3 tr.  provide sleeping accommodation for 提供住宿  the house sleeps six  这所房子可供 6 人住宿 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with, together)  have sexual intercourse, esp. in bed (尤指在床上)发生性关系 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, over)  not decide (a question) until the next day 将(问题)拖到第 2 天 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  fail to be woken by 睡过了头 7 intr.  be inactive or dormant 休眠，冬眠 8 intr.  be dead; lie in the grave 死亡，长眠 9 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 off)  remedy by sleeping 用睡眠消除  slept off his hangover  睡一觉来消除宿醉b (foll. by 后跟 away)  spend in sleeping 在睡眠中打发(时间)  sleep the hours away  睡觉来打发几个小时 10 intr. (of a top) spin so steadily as to seem motionless (陀螺)飞速旋转 □ get to sleep   manage to fall asleep 睡着□ go to sleep   1  enter a state of sleep 入睡 2 (of a limb) become numbed by pressure (四肢)麻木，发麻□ in one's sleep   while asleep 睡眠中□ let sleeping dogs lie   avoid stirring up trouble 不要自找麻烦□ put to sleep   1  anaesthetize 使麻醉 2 euphem.  kill (an animal) painlessly [婉]使(动物)无痛苦地死去□ sleep around  colloq.  be sexually promiscuous [口]滥交；乱搞男女关系□ sleep in   1  remain asleep later than usual in the morning (早晨)睡懒觉 2  sleep by night at one's place of work (在工作的地方)过夜□ sleep like a log (or top)   sleep soundly 熟睡，酣睡□ the sleep of the just   sound sleep 熟睡，酣睡□ sleep out   sleep by night out of doors, or not at one's place of work 露宿；不睡在工作的地方 [Old English slēp, slœp (n.), slēpan, slœˉpan (v.), from Germanic]

sleeper /ˈsli:pə/ n.  1  a person or animal that sleeps 睡眠的人(或动物) 2  a wooden or concrete beam laid horizontally as a support, esp. Brit. for railway track [尤英] (铁轨的)枕木 3  a  a sleeping car 卧铺车厢b  a berth in this 卧铺 4 Brit.  a ring worn in a pierced ear to keep the hole from closing [英] (为保持耳环孔穿通而戴的)小耳环 5  a thing that is suddenly successful after being undistinguished 一举成功之事，一鸣惊人之事 6  a sleeping suit 睡衣裤 7  a spy or saboteur etc. who remains inactive while establishing a secure position (为确保安全而暂不活动的)密探(或怠工者等)

sleeping bag n.  a lined or padded bag to sleep in, esp. when camping etc. (尤指露营等用的)睡袋

Sleeping Beauty n.  a fairy tale heroine who slept for 100 years (童话中沉睡了 100 年的)睡美人

sleeping car n. (also Brit. [亦英] sleeping carriage)  a railway coach provided with beds or berths (火车的)卧铺车厢

sleeping draught n. Brit.  a drink to induce sleep [英]安眠药水

sleeping partner n. Brit.  a partner not sharing in the actual work of a firm [英]隐名合伙人(不参与公司具体经营的合伙人)

sleeping pill n.  a pill to induce sleep 安眠药片

sleeping policeman n. Brit.  a ramp etc. in the road intended to cause traffic to reduce speed [英]“隐身警察”(旨在强制减速的路面凸起)

sleeping sickness n.  any of several tropical diseases with extreme lethargy caused by a trypanosome transmitted by a tsetse-fly bite (由热带锥虫引起、通过采采蝇传播的)昏睡病

sleeping suit n. Brit.  a young child's one-piece garment, worn esp. as nightwear [英] (儿童穿的)连衣裤(尤指睡衣)

sleep-learning n.  learning by hearing while asleep 睡眠中学习(指用录音等向睡眠者施教)

sleepless /ˈsli:plis/ adj.  1  characterized by lack of sleep 缺觉的  a sleepless night  不眠之夜 2  unable to sleep 睡不着的，失眠的 3  continually active or moving 无休止的，不停的 □ sleeplessly  adv.  □ sleeplessness  n.  

sleep-out n. Austral. & NZ  a veranda, porch, or outbuilding providing sleeping accommodation [澳新] (可供住宿的)卧廊，凉台，外屋

sleepover /ˈsli:pəʊvə/ n. & adj. ●n.  an occasion of spending the night away from home 在外过夜，在外住宿 ●adj.  involving or relating to spending the night away from home 在外过夜的，在外住宿的

sleepwalk /ˈsli:pwɔ:k/ v. intr.  walk or perform other actions while asleep 梦游 □ sleepwalker  n.  

sleepy /ˈsli:pi/ adj. (sleepier, sleepiest)  1  drowsy; ready for sleep; about to fall asleep 昏昏欲睡的，瞌睡的，困倦的 2  lacking activity or bustle 寂静的，冷清的  a sleepy little town  死气沉沉的小镇 3  habitually indolent, unobservant, etc. 懒惰的，懒散的 □ sleepily  adv.  □ sleepiness  n.  

sleepyhead /ˈsli:pihed/ n. (esp. as a form of address) a sleepy or inattentive person (尤用作称呼)贪睡者；懒鬼

sleepy sickness n. Brit.  encephalitis lethargica, an infection of the brain with drowsiness and sometimes a coma [英]昏睡性脑炎

sleet /sli:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mixture of snow and rain falling together 雨夹雪 2  hail or snow melting as it falls 雨夹雹，冻雨 3 US  a thin coating of ice [美]一层薄冰 ●v. intr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  sleet falls 下雨夹雪；下冻雨  it is sleeting  正在下雨夹雪 if it sleets  如果下冻雨 □ sleety  adj.   [Middle English probably from Old English: related to Middle Low German slōten (pl.) ‘hail’, Middle High German slōz(e), from Germanic]

sleeve /sli:v/ n.  1  the part of a garment that wholly or partly covers an arm 袖子 2  the cover of a gramophone record 唱片套 3  a tube enclosing a rod or smaller tube 套筒，套管 4  a  a windsock 风向袋b  a drogue towed by an aircraft (飞机的)拖靶 □ roll up one's sleeves   prepare to fight or work 准备打架(或工作)□ up one's sleeve   concealed but ready for use; in reserve 留有后手，留下备用□ sleeved  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ sleeveless  adj.   [Old English slēfe, slīefe, slyˉf]

sleeve board n.  a small ironing board for pressing sleeves 熨袖板

sleeve-coupling n.  a tube for connecting shafts or pipes 套筒联轴节

sleeve link n. Brit.  a cuff link [英]袖口链钮

sleeve note n. Brit.  a descriptive note on a record sleeve [英]唱片套上的说明

sleeve-nut n.  a long nut with right-hand and left-hand screw-threads for drawing together pipes or shafts conversely threaded (用于反向拧紧管子或轴杆的)松紧套管螺帽

sleeve-valve n.  a valve in the form of a cylinder with a sliding movement 套筒阀

sleeving /ˈsli:viŋ/ n. Brit.  tubular covering for electric cable etc. [英] (电缆等上的)绝缘套管

sleigh /slei/ n. & v. ●n.  a sledge, esp. one for riding on, rather than conveying loads, and drawn by horses or reindeer (尤指用于乘坐而非运送货物的)雪橇，雪车 ●v. intr.  travel on a sleigh 乘雪橇 [originally US, from Dutch slee, related to SLED]

sleigh-bell n.  any of a number of tinkling bells attached to the harness of a sleigh-horse etc. (系在拉雪橇马笼头等上的)雪橇铃

sleight /slait/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a deceptive trick or device or movement 骗术，诡计 2  dexterity 灵巧，机敏 3  cunning 狡猾，诡诈 [Middle English sleghth from Old Norse slœgth, from slœgr SLY]

sleight of hand n.  1  dexterity esp. in conjuring or fencing (尤指变戏法或击剑时的)手法敏捷 2  a display of dexterity, esp. a conjuring trick 花招，特技；(尤指)戏法

slender /ˈslendə/ adj. (slenderer, slenderest)  1  a  of small girth or breadth 窄细的，细长的  a slender pillar  细长的柱子b  gracefully thin 修长的，苗条的，纤细的  a slender waist  纤细的腰 2  relatively small or scanty; slight, meagre, inadequate 微小的，微薄的，微少的，不足的  slender hopes  渺茫的希望 slender resources  稀少的资源 □ slenderly  adv.  □ slenderness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

slenderize /ˈslendəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make (a thing) slender 使(某物)变细长b  make (one's figure) appear slender 使(身材)变苗条 2 intr.  make oneself slender; slim 变得细长；变得苗条

slender loris  see 见 LORIS 

slept past and past part.  of SLEEP 

sleuth /slu:θ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a detective 侦探 ●v.  1 intr.  act as a detective 当侦探 2 tr.  investigate 侦查，调查 [originally in sleuth-hound: Middle English sleuth ‘track, trail’ from Old Norse slóth: cf. SLOT2]

sleuth-hound n.  1  a bloodhound 警犬 2 colloq.  a detective, an investigator [口]侦探；调查人

S level n. (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination usu. taken together with an A level, and having a more advanced syllabus (除苏格兰以外的英国各地中学生的)特别级考试(由已通过高级考试 A 级的学生参加) [abbreviation of special or (formerly) scholarship level]

slew1 /slu:/ v. & n. (also 亦作 slue) ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 round)  turn or swing forcibly or with effort out of the forward or ordinary position (使)旋转；(使)急转 ●n.  such a change of position 旋转；回转 [18th-c., nautical: origin unknown]

slew2 past  of SLAY1  

slew3 /slu:/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a large number or quantity [尤北美口]大量；许多 [Irish sluagh]

sley /slei/ n. (also 亦作 slay)  a weaver's reed 纺杼，筘座 [Old English slege, related to SLAY1]

slice /slais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thin broad piece or wedge cut off or out esp. from meat or bread or a cake, pie, or large fruit (尤指从肉、面包、蛋糕、馅饼或水果上切下的)薄片，片 2  a share; a part taken or allotted or gained 一份；一部分  a slice of territory  一部分领土 a slice of the profits  一份利润 3  a kitchen utensil with a broad flat often perforated blade for serving fish, cake, etc. (分鱼或蛋糕等的)炊铲 4 Golf, Tennis, etc.  a slicing stroke 【高尔夫球】【网球】斜切球，削球 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cut into slices 把…切成薄片 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off)  cut (a piece) off 切下，切开 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into, through)  cut with or like a knife 用刀切；似用刀切 4 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a Golf  strike (the ball) so that it deviates away from the striker 【高尔夫球】打斜切球b (in other sports) propel (the ball) forward at an angle (其他体育项目中)打侧旋球 5 tr.  go through (air etc.) with a cutting motion 穿破，划破 □ sliceable  adj.  □ slicer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French esclice, esclicier splinter from Frankish slītjan: related to SLIT]

slice of life n.  a realistic representation of everyday experience 日常生活的典型片断

slick /slik/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a (of a person or action) skilful or efficient; dexterous (人或动作)熟练的，灵巧的  gave a slick performance  表演娴熟b  superficially or pretentiously smooth and dexterous 花言巧语的，华而不实的c  glib 圆滑的，油滑的 2  a  sleek, smooth 光滑的b  slippery 滑溜溜的 ●n.  1  a smooth patch of oil etc., esp. on the sea (尤指海面上的)浮油 2 Motor Racing  a smooth tyre 【赛车】磨光轮胎 3 US  a glossy magazine [美]光滑纸张印刷的杂志 4 US slang  a slick person [美] [俚语]机灵鬼；滑头 ●v. tr.  1  make sleek or smart 使光滑，使美观 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down)  flatten (one's hair etc.) 使(头发等)变顺，变光滑 □ slickly  adv.  □ slickness  n.   [Middle English slike(n), probably from Old English: cf. SLEEK]

slicker /ˈslikə/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1 colloq. [口]  a  a plausible rogue 滑头，骗子b  = CITY SLICKER  2  a raincoat of smooth material 油布雨衣

slide /slaid/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. slid /slid/)  1  a intr.  move along a smooth surface with continuous contact on the same part of the thing moving (cf. 参见 ROLL v. 1a) 滑行，滑动b tr.  cause to do this 使滑动，使滑行  slide the drawer into place  关上抽屉 2 intr.  move quietly; glide; go smoothly along 悄悄移动；潜行；平缓移动 3 intr.  pass gradually or imperceptibly 徐徐而行 4 intr.  glide over ice on one or both feet without skates (under gravity or with momentum got by running) (在冰面上由于重力或起跑动量而)打滑，滑倒 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  barely touch upon (a delicate subject etc.) 略过，回避(敏感话题等) 6 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  move or cause to move quietly or unobtrusively (使)悄悄移动  slid his hand into mine  悄悄让我握住他的手 7 intr.  take its own course 自行其是  let it slide  听其自然 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of sliding 滑动，滑行b  a rapid decline 滑落 2  an inclined plane down which children, goods, etc., slide; a chute (供孩子，货物等滑动的)滑梯；滑道 3  a  a track made by or for sliding, esp. on ice (尤指冰上的)滑道；滑槽b  a slope prepared with snow or ice for tobogganing (有雪或冰的)滑坡 4  a part of a machine or instrument that slides, esp. a slide-valve 滑动装置；(尤指)滑阀 5  a  a thing slid into place, esp. a piece of glass holding an object for a microscope (尤指显微镜用的)载物玻璃片b  a mounted transparency usu. placed in a projector for viewing on a screen 幻灯片 6 Brit. [英]  = HAIRSLIDE  7  a part or parts of a machine on or between which a sliding part works (机器的)滑动部件 □ let things slide   be negligent; allow deterioration 听其自然，任其恶化□ slidable  adj.  □ slidably  adv.  □ slider  n.   [Old English slīdan]

slide fastener n. US  a zip fastener [美]拉链，拉锁

slide rule n.  a ruler with a sliding central strip, graduated logarithmically for making rapid calculations, esp. multiplication and division (尤指用于做乘法和除法等快速计算的)计算尺，滑尺

slide-valve n.  a sliding piece that opens and closes an aperture by sliding across it 滑阀

slideway /ˈslaidwei/ n.  = SLIDEn. 7 

sliding door n.  a door drawn across an aperture on a slide, not turning on hinges 推拉门，滑门

sliding keel n. Brit. Naut.  a centreboard [英]【海】(帆船的)滑动龙骨，中插板

sliding roof n.  a part of a roof (esp. in a motor car) made able to slide and so form an aperture (尤指汽车上的)滑动式活顶

sliding scale n.  a scale of fees, taxes, wages, etc., that varies as a whole in accordance with variation of some standard (根据某个标准的变化而对收费、税额、工资等进行调整的)浮动计算法

sliding seat n.  a seat able to slide to and fro on runners etc., esp. in a racing boat to adjust the length of a stroke (尤指赛艇上可调节长短的)滑座

slight /slait/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  a  inconsiderable; of little significance 轻微的；细微的  has a slight cold  有点感冒 the damage is very slight  损失非常小b  barely perceptible 微不足道的  a slight smell of gas  一点煤气味c  not much or great or thorough; inadequate, scanty 少量的，不足的  a conclusion based on very slight observation  没怎么观察就得出的结论 paid him slight attention  不大注意他 2  slender, frail-looking 纤细的，不结实的  saw a slight figure approaching  看见一个纤细的身影走近 supported by a slight framework  用不结实的框架支撑着 3 (in superl., with neg. or interrog. 用于最高级，与否定词或疑问词连用)  any whatever 根本(不)，一点也(不)  paid not the slightest attention  一点也未注意 ●v. tr.  1  treat or speak of (a person etc.) as not worth attention; fail in courtesy or respect towards; markedly neglect 怠慢，冷落，轻视 2 hist.  make militarily useless; raze (a fortification etc.) [史义]使失去军事作用；夷平，摧毁(堡垒等) ●n.  a marked piece of neglect; a failure to show due respect 轻视，怠慢，冷落 □ put a slight upon   = sense 1 of v. □ slightingly  adv.  □ slightish  adj.  □ slightly  adv.  □ slightness  n.   [originally = smooth, sleek: Middle English slyght, sleght from Old Norse sléttr ‘level, smooth’, from Germanic]

slily var.  of SLYLY  (see 见 SLY) SLYLY 的变体

slim /slim/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (slimmer, slimmest)  1  a  of small girth or thickness; of long narrow shape 细长的b  gracefully thin; slenderly built 修长的，苗条的c  not fat or overweight 纤细的 2  small, insufficient 微小的，不足的  a slim chance of success  成功的可能性很小 3  clever, artful, crafty, unscrupulous 聪明的；狡猾的，狡诈的 4  reduced to an economical or efficient size, level, etc. (大小、水平等)缩减的，节缩的 ●v. (slimmed, slimming)  1 intr. Brit.  make oneself slimmer by dieting, exercise, etc. [英] (通过节食、运动等)变苗条，瘦身 2 tr.  make slim or slimmer 使变苗条 ●n.  1  a course of slimming 瘦身过程 2 (in full 全称 slim disease) (esp. in African use) Aids (尤用于指非洲的)艾滋病 □ slimly  adv.  □ slimmer  n.  □ slimming  n. & adj.  □ slimness  n.   [Low German or Dutch from Germanic]

slime /slaim/ n. & v. ●n.  thick slippery mud or a substance of similar consistency, e.g. liquid bitumen or a mucus exuded by fish etc. 黏泥；黏质物；(鱼等的)黏液 ●v. tr.  cover with slime 用黏泥涂抹；用黏液覆盖 [Old English slīm from Germanic: related to Latin limus ‘mud’, Greek limnē ‘marsh’]

slime mould n.  a spore-bearing micro-organism secreting slime, esp. a myxomycete 黏菌(一种孢生微生物，分泌黏液)

slimline /ˈslimlain/ adj.  1  of slender design 细长的 2 (of a drink etc.) not fattening (饮料等)不增肥的

slimy /ˈslaimi/ adj. (slimier, slimiest)  1  of the consistency of slime 黏液的 2  covered, smeared with, or full of slime 黏乎乎的；泥泞的 3 colloq.  disgustingly dishonest, meek, or flattering [口]令人作呕的；可鄙的；谄媚的 4  slippery; hard to hold 滑溜的，握不住的 □ slimily  adv.  □ sliminess  n.  

sling1 /sliŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strap, belt, etc., used to support or raise a hanging weight, e.g. a rifle, a ship's boat, or goods being transferred (用于支撑或吊起重物的)背带，吊链，吊具 2  a bandage looped round the neck to support an injured arm (套在脖子上支撑受伤胳膊的)悬带，吊带 3  a strap or string used with the hand to give impetus to a small missile, esp. a stone 弹弓；(尤指)投石器 4  a pouch or frame supported by a strap round the neck or shoulders for carrying a young child (背小孩的)背带，吊带 5 Austral. slang  a tip or bribe [澳] [俚语]小费；贿赂 ●v. tr. (past and past part. slung /slʌŋ/)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  hurl (a stone etc.) from a sling 投，掷(石头等) 2 colloq.  throw [口]投，掷 3  suspend with a sling; allow to swing suspended; arrange so as to be supported from above; hoist or transfer with a sling 吊挂；悬挂 □ sling one's hook   see 见 HOOK □ sling off at  Austral. & NZ slang  disparage; mock; make fun of [澳新] [俚语]贬损；嘲笑，讥笑 [Middle English, probably from Old Norse verb slyngva]

sling2 /sliŋ/ n.  a sweetened drink of spirits (esp. gin) and water 斯林酒(一种用烈酒(尤指杜松子酒)掺水制成的甜饮料) [18th c.: origin unknown]

sling-back n.  1  a shoe held in place by a strap above the heel (鞋后帮呈条带状的)露跟鞋 2 (in full 全称 sling-back chair)  a chair with a fabric seat suspended from a rigid frame (椅身为织物的)软椅

sling-bag n. Brit.  a bag with a long strap which may be hung from the shoulder [英] (有长背带可挂在肩上的)背包

slinger /ˈsliŋə/ n.  a person who slings, esp. the user of a sling 投掷者；(尤指)吊运工；(古时的)投石兵

slingshot /ˈsliŋʃɒt/ n. US  a catapult [美]弹弓

slink1 /sliŋk/ v. intr. (past and past part. slunk /slʌŋk/) (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away, by)  move in a stealthy or guilty or sneaking manner 溜走；潜行 [Old English slincan ‘crawl’]

slink2 /sliŋk/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of an animal) produce (young) prematurely (动物)早产 ●n.  1  an animal, esp. a calf, so born 早产仔畜；(尤指)早产牛犊 2  its flesh 早产仔畜的肉 [apparently from SLINK1]

slinky /ˈsliŋki/ adj. (slinkier, slinkiest)  1  stealthy 鬼鬼祟祟的 2 (of a garment) close-fitting and flowing; sinuous (衣服)紧身的，线条优美的 3  gracefully slender 苗条的 □ slinkily  adv.  □ slinkiness  n.  

slip1 /slip/ v. & n. ●v. (slipped, slipping)  1 intr.  slide unintentionally esp. for a short distance; lose one's footing or balance or place by unintended sliding 滑，溜；滑倒，滑跤 2 intr.  go or move with a sliding motion 滑动，滑行  as the door closes the catch slips into place  门关上时，门扣就扣上了 slipped into her nightdress  迅速套上她的睡衣 3 intr.  escape restraint or capture by being slippery or hard to hold or by not being grasped 滑落；滑脱  the eel slipped through his fingers  鳗鱼从他的手中滑脱了 4 intr.  make one's or its way unobserved or quietly or quickly 不知不觉地过去；溜走；悄悄地走  just slip across to the baker's  恰好溜进面包店 errors will slip in  错误难防 5 intr.  a  make a careless or casual mistake 疏漏；出错b  fall below the normal standard; deteriorate, lapse 下降；变差 6 tr.  insert or transfer stealthily or casually or with a sliding motion 偷偷地塞；悄悄地放  slipped a coin into his hand  偷偷把一枚硬币塞到他的手里 slipped the papers into his pocket  悄悄地把文件装进他的衣袋里 7 tr.  a  release from restraint 放开，放出  slipped the greyhounds from the leash  把束缚猎狗的皮带放开b  detach (an anchor) from a ship 解开锚链c Brit.  detach (a carriage) from a moving train [英]分离(行驶中的火车的一节车厢)d  release (the clutch of a motor vehicle) for a moment 暂时松开(离合器)e (of an animal) produce (young) prematurely (动物)早产 8 tr.  move (a stitch) to the other needle without knitting it (编织时)漏(针) 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, off)  pull (a garment) hastily on or off 迅速穿上(或脱下) (衣服) 10 tr.  escape from; give the slip to 逃脱，挣脱  the dog slipped its collar  狗挣脱了颈圈 point slipped my mind  我忘记了要点 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of slipping 滑，溜；滑倒，滑跤 2  an accidental or slight mistake 疏漏；差错 3  a loose covering or garment, esp. a petticoat or pillowcase 外衣；(尤指)衬裙；枕套 4  a  a reduction in the movement of a pulley etc. due to slipping of the belt (由于皮带松弛造成滑轮等的)转差b  a reduction in the distance travelled by a ship or aircraft arising from the nature of the medium in which its propeller revolves (轮船或飞机行进时由于推进器旋转介质的性质造成的)滑程差 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  an artificial slope of stone etc. on which boats are landed (供船只停靠的有斜坡的)人工码头b  an inclined structure on which ships are built or repaired (斜面的)船坞 6 Cricket 【板球】  a  a player stationed for fielding any ball glancing off the bat to the off side 守场员b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the position of such a fielder 守场员防守位置  caught in the slips  在防守区接住了球 caught at slip  在防守位置接住了球 7  a leash to slip dogs 牵狗皮带 □ give a person the slip   escape from or evade him or her 摆脱，甩掉(某人)□ let slip   1  release accidentally or deliberately, esp. from a leash (无意或有意地)松开，放开(尤指拴狗的皮带) 2  miss (an opportunity) 错过(机会) 3  utter inadvertently 无意说出□ let slip through one's fingers   1  lose hold of 逃脱，挣脱 2  miss the opportunity of having 错过机会□ slip away   depart without leave-taking etc. 溜走□ slip off   depart without leave-taking etc. 溜走□ slip something over on  colloq.  outwit [口]瞒骗；智胜□ slip up  colloq.  make a mistake [口]出错□ there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip   nothing is certain till it has happened 杯到嘴边还会失手，事情往往功亏一篑 [Middle English, probably from Middle Low German slippen: cf. SLIPPERY]

slip2 /slip/ n.  1  a  a small piece of paper, esp. for writing on (尤指写字用的)纸片，纸条b  a long narrow strip of thin wood, paper, etc. 木条；纸条c  a printer's proof on such paper; a galley proof 活版毛条校样 2  a cutting taken from a plant for grafting or planting; a scion (嫁接或种植用的)接枝，插条 □ a slip of   small and slim 瘦小的  a slip of a girl  瘦小的女孩 [Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German slippe ‘cut, strip’, etc.]

slip3 /slip/ n.  clay in a creamy mixture with water, used mainly for decorating earthenware (涂于陶器上的)泥浆，泥釉 [Old English slipa, slyppe ‘slime’: cf. COWSLIP]

slip-carriage n. Brit.  a railway carriage on an express for detaching at a station where the rest of the train does not stop [英] (列车在运行中)供拆卸的车厢

slip case n.  a close-fitting case for a book etc. 书套(等)

slip casting n.  the manufacture of ceramic ware by allowing slip to solidify in a mould (制作陶器时的)粉浆浇铸 [SLIP3]

slip-coach n. Brit. [英]  = SLIP-CARRIAGE 

slip cover n.  1  a detachable cover for a chair, sofa, etc., esp. when out of use; a loose cover (尤指椅子、沙发等不用时可拆卸的)家具套 2  a jacket or slip case for a book (书的)封套，书套

slip form n.  a mould in which a structure of uniform cross-section is cast by filling it with concrete and continually moving and refilling it 滑动模板，滑模

slip-hook n.  a hook with a contrivance for releasing it readily when necessary (必要时很容易脱出的)滑钩，活钩

slip-knot n.  1  a knot that can be undone by a pull (一拉便松的)滑结 2  a running knot 活结

slip of the pen n. (also 亦作 slip of the tongue)  a small mistake in which something is written (or said) unintentionally 笔误；口误

slip-on adj. & n. ●adj. (of shoes or clothes) that can be easily slipped on and off (鞋或衣服)易穿易脱的 ●n.  a slip-on shoe or garment 易穿易脱的鞋(或衣服)

slipover /ˈslipəʊvə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a pullover, usu. without sleeves (通常无袖的)套头衫 ●adj. (作 slip-over) (of a garment) to be slipped over the head (衣服)从头部套穿的

slippage /ˈslipidʒ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of slipping 滑动，滑行 2  a  a decline, esp. in popularity or value (尤指名气或价值)下降b  failure to meet a deadline or fulfil a promise; delay 逾期；食言；延迟

slipped disc n.  a cartilaginous disc between vertebrae that has become displaced, pinching the spinal nerve and causing lumbar pain 椎间盘突出

slipper /ˈslipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light loose comfortable indoor shoe 拖鞋 2  a light slip-on shoe for dancing etc. (一种易穿易脱的)轻便舞鞋 ●v. tr.  beat or strike with a slipper 用拖鞋打 □ slippered  adj.  

slipper bath n. Brit.  a bath shaped like a slipper, with a covered end [英]便鞋状浴缸

slipper sock n.  a thick sock, usu. with a leather sole, for use as a slipper (有皮底、当拖鞋穿的)鞋式厚袜

slipperwort /ˈslipəwɜ:t/ n.  calceolaria 蒲包花

slippery /ˈslip(ə)ri/ adj.  1  difficult to hold firmly because of smoothness, wetness, sliminess, or elusive motion 滑的，滑溜的 2 (of a surface) difficult to stand on, causing slips by its smoothness or muddiness (表面)光滑的，打滑的 3  unreliable, unscrupulous, shifty 不可靠的；狡猾的，诡诈的 4 (of a subject) requiring tactful handling (问题)难以捉摸的；难对付的 □ slipperily  adv.  □ slipperiness  n.   [dialect slipper from Old English slipor: probably coined by Coverdale (1535) to translate Luther's schlipfferig, from Middle High German slipferig: ultimately from Germanic]

slippery elm n.  1  the N. American red elm, Ulmus fulva 北美红榆 2  the medicinal inner bark of this (药用的)红榆树皮

slippery slope n.  a course leading to disaster 危险的滑坡，通往灾难的道路

slippy /ˈslipi/ adj. (slippier, slippiest) colloq.  slippery [口]滑的，滑溜的 □ look (or be) slippy  Brit.  look sharp; make haste [英]赶快，赶紧□ slippiness  n.  

slip ring n.  a ring for sliding contact in a dynamo or electric motor 滑环，集电环

slip road n. Brit.  a road for entering or leaving a motorway etc. [英] (进出高速公路等的)岔路

slip-rope n. Naut.  a rope with both ends on board so that casting loose either end frees the ship from its moorings 【海】滑结绳索(两端都系在船上，解开一端船便可驶离停泊处的缆绳)

slip sheet n. Printing  a sheet of paper placed between newly printed sheets to prevent set-off or smudging 【印刷】薄衬纸(用于防止刚印好的纸页上的湿油墨染污另一页的薄纸)

slipshod /ˈslipʃɒd/ adj.  1 (of speech or writing, a speaker or writer, a method of work, etc.) careless, unsystematic; loose in arrangement (发言、文字、发言者、写作者、工作方法等)马虎的，潦草的；无系统的 2  slovenly 懒散的，邋遢的 3  having shoes down at heel 穿着塌跟鞋的

slip stitch n. & v. ●n.  1  a loose stitch joining layers of fabric and not visible externally (织物上的)暗缝线迹 2  a stitch moved to the other needle without being knitted (编结时的)挑针，漏针 ●v. tr. (作 slip-stitch)  sew with slip stitches 用暗缝线迹缝

slipstream /ˈslipstri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a current of air or water driven back by a revolving propeller or a moving vehicle (车辆行驶中的)向后气流；(螺旋桨引起的)滑流 2  an assisting force regarded as drawing something along with or behind something else (起带动作用的)助力 ●v. tr.  1  follow closely behind (another vehicle) 尾随，紧跟(另一辆车) 2  pass after travelling in another's slipstream 驶入(另一汽车等的向后气流或滑流)

slip-up n. colloq.  a mistake, a blunder [口]差错；疏忽

slipware /ˈslipwɛə/ n.  pottery decorated with slip (see 见 SLIP3) 施釉陶器

slipway /ˈslipwei/ n.  a slip for building ships or landing boats 船台，滑台；下水滑道

slit /slit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long straight narrow incision 狭长切口 2  a long narrow opening comparable to a cut (细长的)裂口，裂缝 ●v. tr. (slitting; past and past part. slit)  1  make a slit in; cut or tear lengthwise 切开，割开；撕开，撕裂 2  cut into strips 切成长条 □ slitted  adj.  □ slitter  n.   [Middle English slitte, related to Old English slītan, from Germanic]

slit-eyed adj.  having long narrow eyes 有细长眼睛的

slither /ˈsliðə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  slide unsteadily; go with an irregular slipping motion 不稳地滑动；蜿蜒地滑行 ●n.  an instance of slithering 滑动；蛇行 □ slithery  adj.   [Middle English variant of slidder (now dialect) from Old English slid(e)rian, frequentative from slid-, weak grade of slīdan SLIDE]

slit pocket n.  a pocket with a vertical opening giving access to the pocket or to a garment beneath (衣服上的)竖插兜，开缝口袋

slit trench n.  a narrow trench for a soldier or a weapon (用于掩护单个士兵或武器的)狭长掩壕

slitty /ˈsliti/ adj. (slittier, slittiest) usu. derog. (of the eyes) long and narrow [通常贬] (眼睛)细长的

sliver /ˈslivə, ˈslai-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long thin piece cut or split off 裂片；长薄片 2  a piece of wood torn from a tree or from timber (从树或木材上剥下的)木片 3  a splinter, esp. from an exploded shell 碎片(尤指弹片) 4  a strip of loose textile fibres after carding (松散织品梳理后的)条子，梳条；纱条，棉条 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  break off as a sliver 分裂，裂开 2  break up into slivers (使)裂成碎片 3  form into slivers (使)成条子(或梳条等) [Middle English, related to slive ‘cleave’ (now dialect) from Old English]

slivovitz /ˈslivəvits/ n.  a plum brandy made esp. in the former Yugoslavia and Romania (尤指前南斯拉夫和罗马尼亚人饮的)梅子白兰地酒 [Serbo-Croat šljivovica from šljiva ‘plum’]

Sloane /sləʊn/ n. (in full 全称 Sloane Ranger) Brit. slang  a fashionable and conventional upper-class young person, usu. a woman, living esp. in London [英] [俚语] (尤指)伦敦上流社会衣着时髦而又拘泥于传统的年轻女子 □ Sloaney  adj.   [Sloane Square, London + Lone Ranger, a cowboy hero]

slob /slɒb/ n.  1 colloq.  a stupid, careless, coarse, or fat person [口]蠢汉；冒失鬼；粗鲁的人；胖子 2 Ir.  muddy land [爱尔兰]泥泞地 □ slobbish  adj.   [Irish slab ‘mud’ from English slab ‘ooze, sludge’, probably from Scandinavian]

slobber /ˈslɒbə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  slaver 淌口水，流涎 2 (foll. by 后跟 over)  show excessive sentiment 感情迸发；情不自禁 ●n.  saliva running from the mouth; slaver 口水，涎 □ slobbery  adj.   [Middle English, = Dutch slobbern, of imitative origin]

sloe /sləʊ/ n.  1  = BLACKTHORN 1  2  the small bluish-black fruit of this, with a sharp sour taste 黑刺李，野李 [Old English slɑˉ(h), from Germanic]

sloe-eyed adj.  1  having bluish-black eyes 眼睛黑又大的 2  slant-eyed 斜眼的

sloe gin n.  a liqueur of sloes steeped in gin 黑刺李杜松子酒

slog /slɒɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (slogged, slogging)  1 intr. & tr.  hit hard and usu. wildly, esp. in boxing or cricket (尤指拳击或打板球时)猛击，狠击 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, on)  walk or work doggedly 顽强行进；拼命工作 ●n.  1  a hard random hit 乱打；猛击 2  a  hard steady work or walking 苦干；跋涉b  a spell of this 一阵苦干；一段跋涉 □ slogger  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown: cf. SLUG2]

slogan /ˈsləʊɡ(ə)n/ n.  1  a short catchy phrase used in advertising etc. (广告等用的)广告语 2  a party cry; a watchword or motto 口号，标语 3 hist.  a Scottish Highland war cry [史义] (苏格兰高地号召战斗的)战斗呐喊 [Gaelic sluagh-ghairm, from sluagh ‘army’ + gairm ‘shout’]

sloop /slu:p/ n.  1  a small one-masted fore-and-aft rigged vessel with mainsail and jib 单桅小帆船 2 (in full 全称 sloop of war) Brit. hist.  a small warship with guns on the upper deck only [英史义] (仅上甲板装有炮的)小型炮舰 [Dutch sloep(e), of unknown origin]

sloop-rigged adj.  rigged like a sloop 装有单桅小帆船索具的

sloosh /slu:ʃ/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  a pouring or pouring sound of water 倒水；倒水声 ●v. intr.  1  flow with a rush 哗地流走 2  make a heavy splashing or rushing noise 发出泼溅声 [imitative]

sloot /slu:t/ n. (also 亦作 sluit /slu:t, ˈslu:it/) S. Afr.  a deep gully formed by heavy rain [南非] (大雨冲成的)深沟 [Afrikaans from Dutch sloot ‘ditch’]

slop1 /slɒp/ v. & n. ●v. (slopped, slopping)  1 (often foll. by 通常后跟 over)  a intr.  spill or flow over the edge of a vessel 溅出，溢出b tr.  allow to do this 使溅出，使溢出 2 tr.  make (the floor, clothes, etc.) wet or messy by slopping, spill or splash liquid on 溅污，泼湿(地板、衣服等) 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  gush; be effusive or maudlin 涌出，喷出；(感情)迸发 ●n.  1  a quantity of liquid spilled or splashed 溅出(或溢出)的液体 2  weakly sentimental language 有些伤感的语言 3 (in pl. 用复数)  waste liquid, esp. dirty water or the waste contents of kitchen, bedroom, or prison vessels 污水；泔脚；(人的)排泄物 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  unappetizing weak liquid food (无味道的)液体食物，流质食物 5 Naut.  a choppy sea 【海】波浪起伏的大海 □ slop about  esp. Brit.  move about in a slovenly manner [尤英]懒散地四处闲逛□ slop out  esp. Brit.  carry slops out (in prison etc.) [尤英] (监狱里等)倒便桶 [originally = a mudhole: probably related to Old English slyppe: cf. COWSLIP]

slop2 /slɒp/ n.  1  a workman's loose outer garment 工作服，罩衣 2 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit.  ready-made or cheap clothing [尤英]成衣；廉价衣服 3 (in pl. 用复数)  clothes and bedding supplied to sailors in the navy (水兵的)衣服卧具 4 (in pl. 用复数) archaic  wide baggy trousers esp. as worn by sailors [古义] (水手穿的)宽松裤 [Middle English: cf. Old English oferslop ‘surplice’, from Germanic]

slop basin n. Brit.  a basin for the dregs of cups at table [英] (餐桌上倒茶脚残渣的)残茶碟

slop bucket n.  a bucket for removing bedroom or kitchen slops (卧室或厨房用的)污水桶；便桶

slope /sləʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an inclined position or direction; a state in which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a position in a line neither parallel nor perpendicular to level ground or to a line serving as a standard 斜；倾斜；斜线 2  a piece of rising or falling ground 斜坡，坡地 3  a  a difference in level between the two ends or sides of a thing 斜度，坡度  a slope of 5 metres  5 米的坡度b  the rate at which this increases with distance etc. 斜率 4  a place for skiing on the side of a hill or mountain (山上的)滑雪坡 5 (prec. by 前接 the)  the position of a rifle when sloped 掮枪的姿势 ●v.  1 intr.  have or take a slope; slant esp. up or down; lie or tend obliquely, esp. to ground level 倾斜 2 tr.  place or arrange or make in or at a slope 使倾斜，使有斜度 □ slope arms   place one's rifle in a sloping position against one's shoulder 掮枪□ slope off  colloq.  go away, esp. to evade work etc. [口] (尤指为躲避工作等而)溜走 [shortening of ASLOPE]

sloppy /ˈslɒpi/ adj. (sloppier, sloppiest)  1  a (of the ground) wet with rain; full of puddles (地面)淋湿的，满是污水的b (of food etc.) watery and disagreeable (食物等)稀薄的；不好吃的c (of a floor, table, etc.) wet with slops, having water etc. spilt on it (地板、桌子等)有污水的 2  unsystematic; careless, not thorough 草率的，马虎的，粗心的 3 (of a garment) ill-fitting or untidy (衣服)不合身的；邋遢的 4 (of sentiment or talk) weakly emotional, maudlin (情感或谈话)过于伤感的 5 colloq. (of the sea) choppy [口] (海洋)波浪起伏的 □ sloppily  adv.  □ sloppiness  n.  

slosh /slɒʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  splash or flounder about; move with a splashing sound 摇动，晃动；晃荡 2 tr. Brit. slang  hit esp. heavily [英] [俚语]猛击，狠打 3 tr. colloq. [口]  a  pour (liquid) clumsily 笨拙地倒(液体)b  pour liquid on 倒(液体)于…上 ●n.  1  slush 雪水，污水 2  a  an instance of splashing 泼溅b  the sound of this 泼溅声 3 Brit. slang  a heavy blow [英] [俚语]猛击，重击 4  a quantity of liquid 少量液体 [variant of SLUSH]

sloshed /slɒʃt/ adj. slang  drunk [俚语]喝醉的

sloshy /ˈslɒʃi/ adj. (sloshier, sloshiest)  1  slushy 泥泞的 2  sloppy, sentimental 伤感的

slot1 /slɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slit or other aperture in a machine etc. for something (esp. a coin) to be inserted (机器等上的)狭孔，长口；(尤指)投币口 2  a slit, groove, channel, or long aperture into which something fits or in which something works 槽沟，狭槽 3  an allotted place in an arrangement or scheme, esp. in a broadcasting schedule (安排或计划表，尤指广播时间表中的)时段 ●v. (slotted, slotting)  1 tr. & intr.  place or be placed into or as if into a slot 插入狭孔 2 tr.  provide with a slot or slots 在…上开狭孔 [Middle English, = hollow of the breast, from Old French esclot, of unknown origin]

slot2 /slɒt/ n.  1  the track of a deer etc., esp. as shown by footprints (鹿等的)踪迹；(尤指)足迹 2  a deer's foot 鹿脚 [Old French esclot ‘hoof-print of a horse’, probably from Old Norse slóth ‘trail’: cf. SLEUTH]

sloth /sləʊθ/ n.  1  laziness or indolence; reluctance to make an effort 懒惰，懒散 2  any slow-moving nocturnal mammal of the family Bradypodidae or Megalonychidae of S. America, having long limbs and hooked claws for hanging upside down from branches of trees 树懒(产于南美，动作迟缓，四肢长，爪有钩，常倒挂于树枝上) [Middle English, from SLOW + -TH2]

sloth bear n.  a large-lipped black shaggy bear, Melursus ursinus, of India 懒熊(产于印度的一种唇大毛粗的黑熊)

slothful /ˈsləʊθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  lazy; characterized by sloth 懒惰的，懒散的 □ slothfully  adv.  □ slothfulness  n.  

slot machine n. a machine worked by the insertion of a coin, esp. 需塞入硬币才能运转的机器，尤指 :  1 Brit.  one for automatic retail of small articles [英]投币式自动售货机 2 Brit.  one allowing a spell of play at a pin-table etc. [英]投币弹球机 3 US [美]  = FRUIT MACHINE 

slouch /slaʊtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  stand or move or sit in a drooping ungainly fashion 没精打采地站着(或行走、坐着) 2 tr.  bend one side of the brim of (a hat) downwards (opp. 反义 COCK1 v. 3) 使(帽子)的一边耷拉，低垂 3 intr.  droop; hang down loosely 低垂，耷拉 ●n.  1  a slouching posture or movement; a stoop 没精打采的姿态 2  a downward bend of a hat-brim (帽边的)下垂 3 colloq.  an incompetent or slovenly worker, operator, or performance [口]懒散的人；无能的人  he's no slouch  他决不是懒鬼 □ slouchy  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

slouch hat n.  a hat with a wide flexible brim 宽边软帽

slough1 /slaʊ/ n.  a swamp; a miry place; a quagmire 泥潭，泥坑，泥沼 □ sloughy  adj.   [Old English slōh, slō(g)]

slough2 /slʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a part that an animal casts or moults, esp. a snake's cast skin (尤指蛇的)蜕皮 2  dead tissue that drops off from living flesh etc. (活物身上的)脱落物 3  a habit etc. that has been abandoned 已被抛弃的习惯(等) ●v.  1 tr.  cast off as a slough 脱落(皮等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  drop off as a slough 丢弃，抛弃 3 intr.  cast off a slough 脱皮，蜕皮 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down) (of soil, rock, etc.) collapse or slide into a hole or depression (土、岩石等)崩塌，坍落 □ sloughy  adj.   [Middle English, perhaps related to Low German slu(we) ‘husk’]

Slough of Despond /slaʊ/ n.  a state of hopeless depression 绝望的境地  with reference to Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress  参见班扬写的《天路历程》 [SLOUGH1]

Slovak /ˈsləʊvæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Slavonic people inhabiting Slovakia in central Europe, formerly part of Czechoslovakia and now an independent republic 斯洛伐克人(生活在中欧斯洛伐克的一个斯拉夫民族的成员。斯洛伐克原为捷克斯洛伐克的一部分，现为一个独立的共和国) 2  the West Slavonic language of this people 斯洛伐克语 ●adj.  of or relating to the Slovaks or their language 斯洛伐克人的；斯洛伐克语的 [Slovak etc. Slovɑˊk, related to SLOVENE]

Slovakia   斯洛伐克

Slovakian /sləuˈvækiən/ adj. & n.  斯洛伐克的(人)

sloven /ˈslʌv(ə)n/ n.  a person who is habitually untidy or careless 不修边幅的人，邋遢的人 [Middle English, perhaps from Flemish sloef ‘dirty’ or Dutch slof ‘careless’]

Slovene /ˈsləʊvi:n, sləʊˈvi:n/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Slovenian /-ˈvi:niən/) ●n.  1  a member of a Slavonic people inhabiting Slovenia in south-east central Europe, formerly part of Yugoslavia 斯洛文尼亚人(生活在中欧东南部斯洛文尼亚的一个斯拉夫民族的成员。斯洛文尼亚原为南斯拉夫的一部分) 2  the language of this people 斯洛文尼亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to Slovenia, its people, or its language 斯洛文尼亚的；斯洛文尼亚人的；斯洛文尼亚语的 [German Slowene from Slovene etc. Slovenec, from a Slavonic root shared with SLOVAK, perhaps related to slovo ‘word’]

Slovenia   斯洛文尼亚

slovenly /ˈslʌv(ə)nli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  careless and untidy; unmethodical 邋遢的，不修边幅的；懒散的 ●adv.  in a slovenly manner 邋遢地，不修边幅地；懒散地 □ slovenliness  n.  

slow /sləʊ/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  a  taking a relatively long time to do a thing or cover a distance 慢的，缓慢的 also foll. by 亦后跟 of: slow of speech  说话慢吞吞的b  not quick; acting or moving or done without speed 迟缓的 2  gradual; obtained over a length of time 逐步的，费时的  slow growth  逐步的增长 3  not producing, allowing, or conducive to speed 不允许快速行驶的；走不快的；难行的  in the slow lane  在慢车道上 4 (of a clock etc.) showing a time earlier than is the case (时钟等)慢于…的，落后于…的 5 (of a person) not understanding readily; not learning easily (人)迟钝的，愚笨的 6  dull; uninteresting; tedious 乏味的，无趣的，沉闷的 7  slack or sluggish 呆滞的，萧条的  business is slow  商业萧条 8 (of a fire or oven) giving little heat (火或炉灶)微热的 9 Photog. 【摄】  a (of a film) needing long exposure (胶片)曝光慢的b (of a lens) having a small aperture (镜头)小孔径的 10  a  reluctant; tardy 不情愿的，勉强的  not slow to defend himself  立刻为自己辩护b  not hasty or easily moved 慢吞吞的，磨蹭的  slow to take offence  不易生气 11 (of a cricket pitch, tennis court, putting green, etc.) on which the ball bounces or runs slowly (板球场、网球场、高尔夫球场的轻击区等)球速减缓的 ●adv.  1  at a slow pace; slowly (see 见 Usage Note) 缓慢地，慢慢地 2 (in comb. 用于复合词) (slow-moving traffic 缓慢移动的车流)   ●v. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, up)  1 intr. & tr.  reduce one's speed or the speed of (a vehicle etc.) 减速；使(车等)减速 2 intr.  reduce one's pace of life; live or work less actively or intensely 放慢生活节奏；生活闲散，工作闲散 □ slow and sure   of the attitude that haste is risky 慢而稳的□ slow but sure   achieving the required result eventually 最终达到目的的□ slowish  adj.  □ slowly  adv.  □ slowness  n.   [Old English slɑˉw, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of slow as an adverb is chiefly confined to compounds such as slow-acting, slow-burning, slow-moving. It is also established in the expression go slow and the noun go-slow. In sentences such as he drives too slow and go as slow as you can, slowly is preferable in formal contexts. Compare fast which is fully acceptable as an adverb in standard English. 作为副词 slow 主要用于复合词，如 slow-acting, slow-burning 和 slow-moving ，同时也用于短语 go slow 和名词 go-slow 中。在 he drives too slow 和 go as slow as you can 这样的句子中，正式文体最好用 slowly 。可与 fast 一词比较，该词在标准英语中完全可作副词用。 

slowcoach /ˈsləʊkəʊtʃ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a slow or lazy person 行动迟缓的人；懒散的人 2  a dull-witted person 迟钝的人，反应慢的人 3  a person behind the times in opinions etc. 落伍的人，守旧的人

slow cooker n.  a large electric pot used for cooking stews etc. very slowly (慢火煨汤用的)电煲锅

slowdown /ˈsləʊdaʊn/ n.  the action of slowing down; a go-slow 减速；怠工

slow handclap n.  slow clapping by an audience as a sign of displeasure or boredom (观众表示不满或乏味的)慢而有节奏的拍手

slow loris  see 见 LORIS 

slow march n.  the marching time adopted by troops in a funeral procession etc. (军队在送葬等时的)缓慢行进

slow match n.  a slow-burning match for lighting explosives etc. (点炸药等用的)缓燃引信

slow motion n.  1  the operation or speed of a film using slower projection or more rapid exposure so that actions etc. appear much slower than usual (电影镜头中的)慢动作 2  the simulation of this in real action 慢动作摹仿

slow neutron n.  a neutron with low kinetic energy esp. after moderation (cf. 参见 FAST NEUTRON) (尤指减速后的)慢中子

slowpoke /ˈsləʊpəʊk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = SLOWCOACH 

slow puncture n. esp. Brit.  a puncture causing only slow deflation of the tyre [尤英] (引起车胎缓慢漏气的)轻微刺破

slow reactor n. Physics  a nuclear reactor using mainly slow neutrons (cf. 参见 FAST REACTOR) 【物理学】慢中子反应堆

slow track n.  a route, course, method, etc., which results in slow progress 慢跑道，慢行道；进度慢的课程；进度慢的方法  at school he was assigned to the slow track  在学校他被分到慢班里

slow virus n.  a virus or virus-like organism that multiplies slowly in the host organism and has a long incubation period 潜伏期长的病毒

slow-worm /ˈsləʊwɜ:m/ n.  a small European legless lizard, Anguis fragilis, giving birth to live young Also called 亦称作 BLINDWORM 蛇蜥，慢缺肢蜥(产于欧洲的一种无脚小蜥蜴) [Old English slɑˉ-wyrm: first element of uncertain origin, assimilated to SLOW]

SLR abbr. [缩略]  1 Photog.  single-lens reflex 【摄】反射式照相机 2  self-loading rifle 自动上膛步枪

slub1 /slʌb/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a lump or thick place in yarn or thread 纱节 2  fabric woven from thread etc. with slubs 粗纺布 ●adj. (of material etc.) with an irregular appearance caused by uneven thickness of the warp (织物等)粗纺的，有纱节的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

slub2 /slʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  wool slightly twisted in preparation for spinning 头道粗纱 ●v. tr. (slubbed, slubbing)  twist (wool) in this way 粗纺，轻捻 [19th c.: origin unknown]

sludge /ˈslʌdʒ/ n.  1  thick greasy mud 污泥，淤泥 2  muddy or slushy sediment 淤渣 3  sewage 污物，污水 4 Mech.  an accumulation of dirty oil, esp. in the sump of an internal-combustion engine 【机】(尤指内燃机中的)油污，油垢 5 Geol.  sea ice newly formed in small pieces 【地质】(新生冰晶密集而成的)海绵冰 6 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a muddy colour 泥褐色  sludge green  泥绿色 □ sludgy  adj.   [17th c., origin uncertain: cf. SLUSH]

slue var.  of SLEW1  SLEW1 的变体

slug1 /slʌɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small shell-less mollusc of the class Gastropoda often destructive to plants 蛞蝓，鼻涕虫 2  a  a bullet esp. of irregular shape (尤指形状不规则的)子弹b  a missile for an airgun (气枪的)飞弹 3 Printing 【印刷】  a  a metal bar used in spacing (用于间隔的)嵌条b  a line of type in Linotype printing 铅字条 4 orig. US  a tot of usu. liquor [源于美]少量烈酒 5  a unit of mass, given an acceleration of 1 foot per second per second by a force of 1 lb 斯勒格(在受到 1 磅重的力作用时产生每秒钟 1 英尺的加速度的质量单位) 6  a roundish lump of metal 金属圆片 7  a thick piece or lump of something; a (large) portion 结块，(大)份 ●v. tr. (slugged, slugging)  drink in large draughts; swig 大口喝酒，痛饮 [Middle English slugg(e) ‘sluggard’, probably from Scandinavian]

slug2 /slʌɡ/ v. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美] ●v. tr. (slugged, slugging)  strike with a hard blow 猛击，狠击 ●n.  a hard blow 重击 □ slug it out   1  fight it out 战斗到底，决一雌雄 2  endure; stick it out 坚持到底□ slugger  n.   [19th c., origin unknown: cf. SLOG]

slugabed /ˈslʌɡəbed/ n. archaic  a lazy person who lies late in bed [古义]睡懒觉的人 [slug (v.) (see SLUGGARD) + ABED]

sluggard /ˈslʌɡəd/ n.  a lazy sluggish person 懒人 □ sluggardly  adj.  □ sluggardliness  n.   [Middle English from slug ‘be slothful’ (probably from Scandinavian: cf. SLUG1) + -ARD]

sluggish /ˈslʌɡiʃ/ adj.  inert; inactive; slow-moving; torpid; indolent 懒惰的；不活跃的；缓慢的；迟钝的  a sluggish circulation  缓慢的流通 a sluggish stream  缓慢的溪流 □ sluggishly  adv.  □ sluggishness  n.   [Middle English from SLUG1 or slug (v.) : see SLUGGARD]

slug pellet n.  a pellet containing a substance poisonous to slugs 除蛞蝓药丸

sluice /slu:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 sluice-gate, sluice-valve)  a sliding gate or other contrivance for controlling the volume or flow of water 水闸，水门 2 (also 亦作 sluice-way)  an artificial water channel esp. for washing ore (尤指洗矿用的)流矿槽 3  a place for rinsing 冲洗处 4  the act or an instance of rinsing 冲洗 5  the water above or below or issuing through a floodgate 蓄水；泄水 ●v.  1 tr.  provide or wash with a sluice or sluices 给…安装水闸 2 tr.  rinse, pour or throw water freely upon 开闸放(水) 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, away)  wash out or away with a flow of water …随着水流出，流走 4 tr.  flood with water from a sluice (开水闸)冲洗；浇灌 5 intr. (of water) rush out from a sluice, or as if from a sluice (水)奔泻，奔流 [Middle English from Old French escluse, ultimately from Latin excludere EXCLUDE]

sluit var.  of SLOOT  SLOOT 的变体

slum /slʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an overcrowded and squalid backstreet, district, etc., usu. in a city and inhabited by very poor people (通常位于城市中的)贫民窟，贫民区 2  a house or building unfit for human habitation (不适合人居住的)破旧房子 ●v. intr. (slummed, slumming)  1  live in slumlike conditions 过贫民生活 2  go about the slums through curiosity, to examine the condition of the inhabitants, or for charitable purposes (为了解居民生活或为慈善目而)访问贫民区 □ slum it  colloq.  put up with conditions less comfortable than usual [口]忍受较差的生活条件□ slummy  adj. (slummier, slummiest)  □ slumminess  n.   [19th c.: originally slang]

slumber /ˈslʌmbə/ v. & n. poet. literary [诗] [文学用语] ●v. intr.  1  sleep, esp. in a specified manner (尤指以某种方式)睡眠 2  be idle, drowsy, or inactive 消磨(时间) ●n.  a sleep, esp. of a specified kind (尤指某种方式的)睡眠  fell into a fitful slumber  处于半睡半醒的状态 □ slumber away   spend (time) in slumber 用睡眠消磨(时间)□ slumberer  n.  □ slumberous  adj.  □ slumbrous  adj.   [Middle English slūmere etc. via slūmen (v.) or slūme (n.) from Old English slūma: -b- as in number]

slumberwear /ˈslʌmbəwɛə/ n.  nightclothes 睡衣

slumgullion /slʌmˈɡʌljən/ n. N. Amer. slang  sludge, esp. watery stew [北美] [俚语] (尤指含水过多的)炖菜

slump /slʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden severe or prolonged fall in prices or values of commodities or securities (物价、商品或证券价值的)暴跌，下跌 2  a sharp or sudden decline in trade or business, usu. bringing widespread unemployment (通常导致大规模失业的贸易或商业)衰退，萧条 3  a lessening of interest or commitment in a subject or undertaking 消沉，萎靡 ●v. intr.  1  undergo a slump; fail; fall in price 暴跌；降价 2  sit or fall heavily or limply 陷落，坍塌  slumped into a chair  猛地倒在椅子里 3  lean or subside 倾斜；下沉 [17th c., originally ‘sink in a bog’: imitative]

slung past and past part.  of SLING1. 

slung shot n.  a metal ball attached by a thong etc. to the wrist and used esp. by criminals as a weapon (尤指罪犯用作武器的)一端有金属球的软鞭

slunk past and past part.  of SLINK1. 

slur /slɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. (slurred, slurring)  1 tr. & intr.  pronounce or write indistinctly so that the sounds or letters run into one another 含糊不清地说；潦草地写 2 tr. Mus. 【音】  a  perform (a group of two or more notes) legato 连唱，连奏b  mark (notes) with a slur (给音符)标连线，标滑线 3 tr. archaic or US  put a slur on (a person or a person's character); make insinuations against [古义] [美]诽谤，诋毁，玷污(某人或某人的品格) 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  pass over (a fact, fault, etc.) lightly; conceal or minimize 忽视，忽略(事实、过错等)；隐瞒，淡化 ●n.  1  an imputation of wrongdoing; blame; stigma 诽谤，玷污  a slur on my reputation  对我名誉的中伤 2  the act or an instance of slurring in pronunciation, singing, or writing 含糊的发音；潦草的字迹 3 Mus.  a curved line to show that two or more notes are to be sung to one syllable or played or sung legato 【音】(标示几个音符需连唱或连奏的)连线 [17th c.: origin unknown]

slurp /slɜ:p/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  eat or drink noisily 出声地吃(或喝) ●n.  the sound of this; a slurping gulp 啧啧吃的声音；咕噜喝的声音 [Dutch slurpen, slorpen]

slurry /ˈslʌri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a semi-liquid mixture of fine particles and water; thin mud 泥浆；稀泥 2  thin liquid cement 水泥浆 3  a fluid form of manure 粪水 4  a residue of water and particles of coal left at pithead washing plants (矿坑入口洗煤后剩下的)煤渣浆 [Middle English, related to dialect slur ‘thin mud’, of unknown origin]

slush /slʌʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  watery mud or thawing snow 烂泥；雪泥 2  silly sentiment 无聊伤感的文字(或话) ●v. intr.  squelch, splash; make a squelching or splashing sound 溅，泼；发出泼溅声 [17th c., also sludge and slutch: origin unknown]

slush fund n.  reserve funding esp. as used for political bribery (尤指用于政治行贿的)行贿基金

slushy /ˈslʌʃi/ adj. (slushier, slushiest)  1  like slush; watery 泥泞的；稀泥似的 2 colloq.  sentimental; mawkish [口]多愁善感的；自作多情的 □ slushiness  n.  

slut /slʌt/ n. offens.  a slovenly or promiscuous woman [冒犯]懒妇；荡妇 □ sluttish  adj.  □ sluttishness  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

sly /slai/ adj. (slyer, slyest)  1  cunning; crafty; wily 狡猾的，狡诈的；阴险的 2  a (of a person) practising secrecy or stealth (人)躲躲闪闪的，偷偷摸摸的b (of an action etc.) done etc. in secret (行为等)秘密的 3  hypocritical; ironical 虚伪的；讽刺的 4  knowing; arch; bantering; insinuating 聪颖的；俏皮的；心照不宣的 5 Austral. & NZ slang (esp. of liquor) illicit [澳新] [俚语] (尤指烈酒)违禁的，违法的 □ on the sly   privately; covertly; without publicity 秘密地，偷偷摸摸地，悄悄地  smuggled some through on the sly  偷偷地走私一些东西□ slyly  adv. (also 亦作 slily)  □ slyness  n.   [Middle English sleh etc. from Old Norse slœgr ‘cunning’, originally ‘able to strike’ from slóg-, past stem of slɑˊ ‘strike’: cf. SLEIGHT]

slyboots /ˈslaibu:ts/ n. colloq.  a sly person [口]狡猾的人；俏皮的人

sly dog n. colloq.  a person who is discreet about mistakes or pleasures [口]对于错误(或欢愉)言行谨慎的人

slype /slaip/ n.  a covered way or passage between a cathedral etc. transept and the chapter house or deanery (教堂等内的)走廊，通道 [perhaps a variant of slipe ‘a long narrow piece of ground’, = SLIP2 1]

SM abbr. [缩略]  1  sadomasochism  2  Sergeant Major 

Sm symb. Chem.  the element samarium [符]【化】(化学元素)钐

smack1 /smæk/ n., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a sharp slap or blow esp. with the palm of the hand or a flat object (尤指用手掌或扁平物)掴，拍 2  a hard hit at cricket etc. (对板球等的)猛击 3  a loud kiss 响吻，出声的接吻  gave her a hearty smack  给她一个热情的响吻 4  a loud sharp sound 拍打声，劈啪声  heard the smack as it hit the floor  它一撞到地板就听到一声劈啪声 ●v.  1 tr.  strike with the open hand etc. (用手掌等)掴，打，拍 2 tr.  part (one's lips) noisily in eager anticipation or enjoyment of food or another delight 咂(嘴) (表示想吃或品尝食物等) 3 tr.  crack (a whip) 劈啪地甩(鞭子) 4 tr. & intr.  move, hit, etc., with a smack 啪地移动(或击打) ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  with a smack 啪的一声 2  suddenly; directly; violently 突然；直接；猛烈  landed smack on my desk  直接落在了我的桌子上 3  exactly 正好，恰好  hit it smack in the centre  正好击中中心 □ have a smack at  colloq.  make an attempt at or attack on [口]尝试做…□ a smack in the eye (or face)  colloq.  a rebuff; a setback [口]断然回绝；挫折 [Middle Dutch smack(en), of imitative origin]

smack2 /smæk/ v. & n. (foll. by 后跟 of) ●v. intr.  1  have a flavour of; taste of 有…味道，带有…风味  smacked of garlic  有点大蒜味儿 2  suggest the presence or effects of 意味着…的出现(或影响)  it smacks of nepotism  它意味着裙带关系 ●n.  1  a flavour; a taste that suggests the presence of something 滋味，风味 2 (in a person's character etc.) a barely discernible quality (人的性格等的)迹象  just a smack of superciliousness  有点目空一切的样子 3 (in food etc.) a very small amount (食物等中的)少量，一点  add a smack of ginger  加一点姜 [Old English smœc]

smack3 /smæk/ n.  a single-masted sailing boat for coasting or fishing (用于漫游或钓鱼的)单桅小帆船 [Dutch smak from earlier smacke: ultimate origin unknown]

smack4 /smæk/ n. slang  a hard drug, esp. heroin, sold or used illegally [俚语]麻醉品；(尤指)海洛因 [probably alteration of Yiddish schmeck ‘sniff’]

smack-dab adv. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SMACK1adv. 3 

smacker /ˈsmækə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a loud kiss 响吻 2  a resounding blow 啪的一击 3  a Brit. slang  £ 1 [英] [俚语] 1 英镑b N. Amer.  $1 [北美] 1 美元

small /smɔ:l/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  not large or big 小的 2  slender; thin 细小的；窄小的 3  not great in importance, amount, number, strength, or power (重要性、数量、数字、力量或权力)小的，少的，轻的 4  not much; trifling 琐细的，微小的  a small token  微小的标记 paid small attention  不大注意 5  insignificant; unimportant 无足轻重的，微不足道的  a small matter  小事 from small beginnings  从小事开始 6  consisting of small particles 微小粒子组成的  small gravel  小沙砾 small shot  小子弹 7  doing something on a small scale 小型的；小规模的  a small farmer  小农场主 8  socially undistinguished; poor or humble 低微的，卑贱的 9  petty; mean; ungenerous; paltry 卑鄙的；小气的；狭隘的；可鄙的  a small spiteful nature  睚眦必报的本性 10  young; not fully grown or developed 幼小的  a small child  小孩子 ●n.  1  the slenderest part of something (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 small of the back (人的)腰背部) 细小部分 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. colloq.  small items of laundry, esp. underwear [英口]小件洗涤物(尤指内衣) ●adv.  into small pieces 成小块地  chop it small  剁成小块 □ feel (or look) small   be humiliated; appear mean or humiliated 觉得渺小，自惭形秽□ in a small way   unambitiously; on a small scale 小型地；小规模地□ no small   considerable; a good deal of 相当多，相当大；很多  no small excitement about it  对此相当兴奋□ small potatoes   an insignificant person or thing 小人物；小事□ small profits and quick returns   the policy of a cheap shop etc. relying on large trade 薄利多销□ small wonder   not very surprising 没什么奇怪的□ smallish  adj.  □ smallness  n.   [Old English smœl, from Germanic]

small arms n. pl.  portable firearms, esp. rifles, pistols, light machine-guns, sub-machine guns, etc. 轻武器(尤指步枪、手枪、轻机枪、冲锋枪等)

small beer n.  1 esp. Brit.  a trifling matter; something unimportant [尤英]琐事；微不足道的事 2  weak beer 淡啤酒

small-bore adj. (of a firearm) with a narrow bore, in international and Olympic shooting usu. .22 inch calibre (5.6 millimetre bore) (步枪)小口径的(国际和奥运会射击比赛中使用，通常为 0.22 英寸)

small bower  see 见 BOWER2 

small calorie  see 见 CALORIE 1 

small capital n.  a capital letter which is of the same dimensions as the lower-case letters in the same typeface minus ascenders and descenders 小大写字体

small change n.  1  money in the form of coins as opposed to notes 零钱，硬币 2  trivial remarks 琐碎的话

small circle n.  a circle on the surface of a sphere whose plane does not pass through the sphere's centre (球体上不通过圆心的)小圆

small claims court n.  a local tribunal in which claims for small amounts can be heard and decided quickly and cheaply without legal representation 小额索偿法庭

small craft n.  a general term for small boats and fishing vessels (总称)小船；小渔船

small fry n. pl.  1  young children or the young of various species 幼儿；幼小动物 2  small or insignificant things or people 小人物；小事

smallgoods /ˈsmɔ:lɡʊdz/ n. pl. Austral.  delicatessen meats [澳]肉类熟食

smallholder /ˈsmɔ:lhəʊldə/ n. Brit.  a person who farms a smallholding [英]小农，小自耕农

smallholding /ˈsmɔ:lhəʊldiŋ/ n. Brit.  an agricultural holding smaller than a farm [英]小片耕地，小片农田

small hours n. pl.  the early hours of the morning after midnight 下半夜，凌晨

small intestine n.  the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively 小肠

small letter n. (in printed material) a lower-case letter (印刷品中的)小写字体

small mercy n.  a minor concession, benefit, etc. 小让步，小优惠  be grateful for small mercies  对小恩小惠感恩戴德

small-minded /smɔ:lˈmaindid/ adj.  petty; of rigid opinions or narrow outlook 心胸狭窄的，眼界窄的，气量小的 □ small-mindedly  adv.  □ small-mindedness  n.  

smallpox /ˈsmɔ:lpɒks/ n.  an acute contagious viral disease, with fever and pustules usu. leaving permanent scars, effectively eradicated through vaccination by 1979 Also called 亦称作 variola 小痘，天花(一种由病毒引起的急性传染性疾病，症状为发烧和长水疱，通常会留下永久性的疤痕， 1979 年以后已通过接种疫苗有效地根除)

small print n.  1  printed matter in small type 小号字体印刷品 2  inconspicuous and usu. unfavourable limitations etc. in a contract 附属细则(合约中容易忽略的、通常不利的限制性条件)

small-scale adj.  made or occurring in small amounts or to a lesser degree 小型的；小规模的

small slam n. Bridge  the winning of 12 tricks 【桥牌】(赢得 12 墩牌的)小满贯

small-sword n.  a light tapering thrusting-sword, esp. hist. for duelling [尤史义] (用于决斗的)轻剑

small talk n.  light social conversation 聊天，闲谈

small-time attrib. adj. colloq.  unimportant or petty [口]不重要的，次要的 □ small-timer  n.  

small-town attrib. adj.  relating to or characteristic of a small town; unsophisticated; provincial 小市镇的；质朴的；偏狭的

smalt /smɔ:lt, smɒlt/ n.  1  glass coloured blue with cobalt 蓝玻璃 2  a pigment made by pulverizing this 大青玻璃粉，蓝粉 [French from Italian smalto, from Germanic: related to SMELT1]

smarm /smɑ:m/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  smooth, plaster down (hair etc.) usu. with cream or oil (把头发用发乳或头油)梳光滑，弄平 2 intr.  be ingratiating 恭维，奉承 ●n.  obsequiousness 恭维，奉承 [originally dialect (also smalm), of uncertain origin]

smarmy /ˈsmɑ:mi/ adj. (smarmier, smarmiest) esp. Brit. colloq.  ingratiating; flattering; obsequious [尤英口]奉承的，谄媚的，讨好的 □ smarmily  adv.  □ smarminess  n.  

smart /smɑ:t/ adj., v., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  clever; ingenious; quick-witted 聪明的，伶俐的；机敏的  a smart talker  说话口齿伶俐 gave a smart answer  给以聪明的回答b  keen in bargaining; quick to take advantage 精明的；取巧的c (of transactions etc.) unscrupulous to the point of dishonesty (交易等)狡诈的 2  well-groomed; neat; bright and fresh in appearance 衣冠楚楚的；整洁的；清新漂亮的  a smart suit  漂亮的套装 3  in good repair; showing bright colours, new paint, etc. 修饰一新的；崭新的  a smart red bicycle  崭新的红色自行车 4  stylish; fashionable; prominent in society 时尚的，时髦的；豪华的  in all the smart restaurants  在所有的豪华餐馆里 the smart set  最时髦阶层 5  quick; brisk 轻快的；敏捷的  set a smart pace  迈着轻快的步伐 6  painfully severe; sharp; vigorous 刺痛的；猛烈的；有力的  a smart blow  猛击 ●v. intr.  1 (of a person or a part of the body) feel or give acute pain or distress (人或身体部位)感到剧痛(或难受)  my eye smarts  我的眼睛刺痛 smarting from the insult  因受辱而难受 2 (of an insult, grievance, etc.) rankle (侮辱，委屈等)使痛苦，使伤心 3 (foll. by 后跟 for)  suffer the consequences of 遭罪，受罚  you will smart for this  你将为此而受罚 ●n.  a bodily or mental sharp pain; a stinging sensation 疼痛；悲痛；愤慨 ●adv.  smartly; in a smart manner 聪明地，伶俐地；时髦地 □ look smart  esp. Brit.  make haste [尤英]赶紧，匆忙□ smartingly  adv.  □ smartish  adj. & adv. Brit. [英]  □ smartly  adv.  □ smartness  n.   [Old English smeart, smeortan]

smart alec /ˈælik/ n. (also 亦作 smart aleck, smart alick) colloq.  a person displaying ostentatious or smug cleverness [口]自作聪明的人，自以为是的人 □ smart-alecky  adj.   [SMART + Alec, diminutive of the name Alexander]

smart-arse n. (US [美] smart-ass) slang [俚语]  = SMART ALEC 

smart card n.  a plastic card with a built-in microprocessor, esp. as a credit or other bank card for the instant transfer of funds etc. (内有微处理器，尤作为信用卡或其他银行卡使用的)智能卡

smarten /ˈsmɑ:t(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  make or become smart or smarter 使(更)漂亮，使(更)聪明；变得(更)漂亮，变得(更)聪明

smart money n.  1  money paid or exacted as a penalty or compensation 罚金，赔偿金 2  money invested by persons with expert knowledge (投资老手进行的)投资

smarty /ˈsmɑ:ti/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  1  a know-all; a smart alec 自作聪明的人，自以为是的人 2  a smartly-dressed person; a member of a smart set 衣冠楚楚的人；时髦人物 [SMART]

smarty-pants n. pl. (also Brit. [亦英] smarty-boots)  = SMARTY 1 

smash /smæʃ/ v., n. & adv. ●v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a  break into pieces; shatter 打碎，粉碎b  bring or come to sudden or complete destruction, defeat, or disaster 击溃，击毁 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, through) (of a vehicle etc.) move with great force and impact (车辆等)猛冲，猛撞 3 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  break in with a crushing blow 打碎(或猛撞)以闯入  smashed in the window  打碎窗玻璃闯入 4 tr. (in tennis, squash, etc.) hit (a ball etc.) with great force, esp. downwards (网球、壁球等)杀(球)，扣(球)  smashed it back over the net  在网上把球猛扣回去 5 intr. colloq. (of a business etc.) go bankrupt; come to grief [口] (生意等)破产，失败 6 tr. (as 作 smashed adj.) slang  intoxicated [俚语]喝醉的 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of smashing; a violent fall, collision, or disaster 打碎，粉碎；猛撞，猛击 2  the sound of this 破碎声；撞击声 3 (in full 全称 smash hit)  a very successful play, song, performer, etc. 极为成功的戏剧(或歌曲、表演者等) 4  a stroke in tennis, squash, etc., in which the ball is hit esp. downwards with great force (网球、壁球等)扣球，杀球 5  a violent blow with a fist etc. (用拳头等的)猛击 6 colloq.  bankruptcy; a series of commercial failures [口]破产；生意失败 7  a mixture of spirits (usu. brandy) with flavoured water and ice (通常为白兰地酒加果汁和冰制成的)混合饮料 ●adv.  with a smash 轰隆一声，哗啦一响  fell smash on the floor  哗啦一声掉在地板上 □ go to smash  colloq.  be ruined etc. [口]粉碎；破产；垮台 [18th c., probably imitative, suggested by smack, smite and bash, mash, etc.]

smash-and-grab adj. (of a robbery etc.) in which the thief smashes a shop window and seizes goods (抢劫等)砸橱窗抢东西的

smasher /ˈsmæʃə/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a very beautiful or pleasing person or thing [英口]十分漂亮的人；绝好的人(或东西) 2  a person or thing that smashes 打碎者；打碎的东西

smashing /ˈsmæʃiŋ/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  superlative; excellent; wonderful; beautiful [尤英口]极佳的；出色的；了不起的；漂亮的 □ smashingly  adv.  

smash-up n. colloq.  a violent collision; a complete smash [口]撞车；破产

smatter /ˈsmætə/ n. (also 亦作 smattering)  a slight superficial knowledge of a language or subject (关于语言或科目的)肤浅知识，一知半解 □ smatterer  n.   [Middle English smatter ‘talk ignorantly, prate’: origin unknown]

smear /smiə/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  daub or mark with a greasy or sticky substance or with something that stains (用油脂、黏性物质或脏物)涂抹，抹上 2  blot; smudge; obscure the outline of (writing, artwork, etc.) 弄脏，弄污；使(作品、艺术品等的轮廓)模糊 3  defame the character of; slander; attempt to or succeed in discrediting (a person or his name) publicly 诽谤，污蔑(人或名声) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of smearing 涂，抹；污迹；诽谤 2 Med. 【医】  a  material smeared on a microscopic slide etc. for examination (供观察的)显微镜涂片b  a specimen of this 涂片样本 □ smearer  n.  □ smeary  adj.   [Old English smierwan, from Germanic]

smear campaign n.  a planned effort to slander and so discredit a public figure 诽谤活动

smear test n.  = CERVICAL SMEAR 

smectic /ˈsmektik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  designating or involving a state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are oriented in parallel and arranged in well-defined planes (cf. 参见 NEMATIC) 近晶状液晶的 ●n.  a smectic substance 近晶物质 [Latin smecticus, Greek smēktikos ‘cleansing’ (from the soaplike consistency)]

smegma /ˈsmeɡmə/ n.  a sebaceous secretion in the folds of the skin, esp. of the foreskin 阴垢；(尤指)包皮垢 □ smegmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek smēgma -atos ‘soap’, from smēkhō ‘cleanse’]

smell /smel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the faculty of perceiving odours or scents 嗅觉  has a fine sense of smell  嗅觉灵敏 2  the quality in substances that is perceived by this 气味  the smell of thyme  麝香味 this rose has no smell  这种玫瑰没有香味 3  an unpleasant odour 臭气，臭味 4  the act of inhaling to ascertain smell 闻，嗅 ●v. (past and past part. smelt /smelt/ or smelled)  1 tr.  perceive the smell of; examine by smell 闻到，嗅到  thought I could smell gas  以为我可以闻到煤气味 2 intr.  emit odour 发出气味 3 intr.  seem by smell to be 似有…气味  this milk smells sour  这牛奶有股酸味 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  be redolent of 有…香味  smells of fish  有鱼香味b  be suggestive of 意味着，有…迹象  smells of dishonesty  意味着不诚实 5 intr.  have a strong or unpleasant odour 有臭味 6 tr.  perceive as if by smell; detect, discern, suspect 闻出，嗅出；察觉到，看出，猜出  smell a bargain  察觉到一笔好买卖 smell blood  嗅出血腥味 7 intr.  have or use a sense of smell 有嗅觉 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about)  sniff or search about 四处嗅；到处寻找 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  inhale the smell of 闻，嗅 □ smell out   1  detect by smell; find out by investigation 嗅出；查出 2 (of a dog etc.) hunt out by smell (狗等)嗅出(猎物)□ smell a rat   begin to suspect trickery etc. 觉得可疑，感觉不妙□ smellable  adj.  □ smeller  n.  □ smell-less  adj.   [Middle English smel(le), probably from Old English]

smelling bottle n.  a small bottle of smelling salts 嗅盐瓶

smelling salts n. pl.  ammonium carbonate mixed with scent to be sniffed as a restorative in faintness etc. 嗅盐(一种芳香碳酸铵合剂，用作苏醒剂)

smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. (smellier, smelliest)  having a strong or unpleasant smell 有强烈气味的；发臭的 □ smelliness  n.  

smelt1 /smelt/ v. tr.  1  extract metal from (ore) by melting 冶炼(矿石) 2  extract (metal) from ore by melting 炼取(金属) □ smelter  n.  □ smeltery  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German smelten, related to MELT]

smelt2 past and past part.  of SMELL 

smelt3 /smelt/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or smelts)  any small green and silver fish of the genus Osmerus etc. allied to salmon and used as food 胡瓜鱼(胡瓜鱼科中任一种绿色和银白色的小鱼，可食用) [Old English, of uncertain origin: cf. SMOLT]

smew /smju:/ n.  a small merganser, Mergus albellus 斑头秋沙鸭 [17th c., obscurely related to Dutch smient ‘wigeon’, German Schmeiente etc. ‘small wild duck’]

smidgen /ˈsmidʒin/ n. (also 亦作 smidgeon, smidgin) colloq.  a small bit or amount [口]少量，一点点 [perhaps from smitch in the same sense: cf. dialect smitch woodsmoke]

smilax /ˈsmailæks/ n.  1  any climbing shrub of the genus Smilax, the roots of some species of which yield sarsaparilla 菝葜(一种攀缘灌木，其中一些品种的根部可作菝葜干根) 2  a climbing kind of asparagus, Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, used decoratively by florists (用作装饰的)非洲天门冬 [Latin from Greek, = bindweed]

smile /smail/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  relax the features into a pleased or kind or gently sceptical expression or a forced imitation of these, usu. with the lips parted and the corners of the mouth turned up 笑，微笑 2 tr.  express by smiling 以微笑表达  smiled their consent  微笑着表示他们同意 3 tr.  give (a smile) of a specified kind 露出(某种笑容)  smiled a sardonic smile  冷笑 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  adopt a favourable attitude towards; encourage 赞许，鼓励  fortune smiled on me  好运来了 5 intr.  have a bright or favourable aspect 有前途，有利  the smiling countryside  形势喜人的农村 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  drive (a person's anger etc.) away 笑着忘掉，一笑置之(愤怒等)  smiled their tears away  笑着止住了眼泪 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  a  ridicule or show indifference to; show indulgent amusement towards 嘲笑，无视；一笑置之  smiled at my feeble attempts  嘲笑自己的愚蠢企图b  favour; smile on 同意，赞许 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  bring (a person) into or out of a specified mood etc. by smiling 以微笑促使  smiled them into agreement  笑得他们同意了 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of smiling 笑，微笑 2  a smiling expression or aspect 笑脸，喜色 □ come up smiling  colloq.  recover from adversity and cheerfully face what is to come [口]重振精神迎接挑战□ smileless  adj.  □ smiler  n.  □ smiley  adj.  □ smilingly  adv.   [Middle English, perhaps from Scandinavian: related to SMIRK]

smirch /smɜ:tʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  mark, soil, or smear (a thing, a person's reputation, etc.) 弄脏，玷污(东西、名誉等) ●n.  1  a spot or stain 污斑，污迹 2  a blot (on one's character etc.) (品格上的)污点，瑕疵 [Middle English: origin unknown]

smirk /smɜ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  an affected, conceited, or silly smile 假笑；痴笑；傻笑 ●v. intr.  put on or wear a smirk 假笑；痴笑；傻笑 □ smirker  n.  □ smirkingly  adv.  □ smirky  adj.  □ smirkily  adv.   [Old English sme(a)rcian]

smit /smit/ archaic [古义] past part.  of SMITE 

smite /smait/ v. & n. ●v. (past smote /sməʊt/; past part. smitten /ˈsmit(ə)n/) esp. archaic or literary [尤古义] [文学用语]  1 tr.  strike or hit 猛打，重击 2 tr.  chastise; defeat 严惩；击败 3 tr. (in passive 用被动)  a  have a sudden strong effect on 打动  was smitten by his conscience  被他的良心打动了b  infatuate, fascinate 使迷恋，迷住  was smitten by her beauty  被她的美貌迷住了 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  come forcibly or abruptly upon 侵袭，袭击 ●n.  a blow or stroke 重击，狠击 □ smiter  n.   [Old English smītan ‘smear’, from Germanic]

smith /smiθ/ n. & v. ●n. (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  1  a worker in metal 金属工匠  goldsmith  金匠 tinsmith  锡匠 2  a person who forges iron; a blacksmith 锻工；铁匠 3  a craftsman 工匠，手工艺人  wordsmith  语言大师 ●v. tr.  make or treat by forging 锻造，锻制 [Old English from Germanic]

smithereens /smiðəˈri:nz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 smithers /ˈsmiðəz/)  small fragments 碎片，碎屑  smash into smithereens  击得粉碎 [probably from Irish smidirin]

smithery /ˈsmiθ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a smith's work 工匠活，锻工活 2 (esp. in naval dockyards) a smithy (尤指海军造船厂的)锻工车间

smithy /ˈsmiði/ n. (pl. -ies)  a blacksmith's workshop; a forge 铁匠铺；锻工车间 [Middle English from Old Norse smithja]

smitten past part.  of SMITE  

smock /smɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loose shirtlike garment with the upper part closely gathered in smocking 罩衫，工作服 2 (also 亦作 smock-frock)  a loose overall, esp. hist. a field-labourer's outer linen garment [尤史义] (农民在田里劳动时穿的亚麻布的)长罩衫 ●v. tr.  adorn with smocking 给…缝制衣褶，褶饰 [Old English smoc, probably related to Old English smūgan ‘creep’, Old Norse smjúga ‘put on a garment’]

smocking /ˈsmɒkiŋ/ n.  an ornamental effect on cloth made by gathering the material tightly into pleats, often with stitches in a honeycomb pattern (装饰用的)衣褶，褶饰

smog /smɒɡ/ n.  fog intensified by atmospheric pollutants esp. smoke (烟尘与雾混合而成的)烟雾 □ smoggy  adj. (smoggier, smoggiest)   [portmanteau word]

smoke /sməʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a visible suspension of carbon etc. in air, emitted from a burning substance (燃烧物冒出的)烟 2  an act or period of smoking tobacco 抽烟  had a quiet smoke  静静地抽了枝烟 3 colloq.  a cigarette or cigar [口]香烟；雪茄烟  got a smoke?  有香烟吗？ 4 (作 the Smoke) Brit. & Austral. colloq.  a big city, esp. London [英澳口]大城市；(尤指)伦敦 ●v.  1 intr.  a  emit smoke or visible vapour 冒烟；冒雾气  the smoking ruins  冒着烟的废墟b (of a lamp etc.) burn badly with the emission of smoke (油灯等)冒烟c (of a chimney or fire) discharge smoke into the room (烟囱或火)冒烟 2  a intr.  inhale and exhale the smoke of a cigarette or cigar or pipe 抽烟，吸烟b intr.  do this habitually (习惯性地)抽烟，吸烟c tr.  use (a cigarette etc.) in this way 抽，吸(香烟等) 3 tr.  cure or darken by the action of smoke 熏制  smoked salmon  熏鲑鱼 4 tr.  a  rid of insects etc. by the action of smoke 熏死(昆虫)b  subdue (insects, esp. bees) in this way 用烟熏法制服(昆虫，尤指蜜蜂) 5 tr. archaic  make fun of [古义]嘲笑，愚弄 6 tr.  bring (oneself) into a specified state by smoking 因抽烟导致…，抽烟抽得… □ go up in smoke  colloq. [口]  1  be destroyed by fire 被烧毁，被烧光 2 (of a plan etc.) come to nothing (计划等)成为泡影，化为乌有□ no smoke without fire   rumours are not entirely baseless 无风不起浪□ smoke out   1  drive out by means of smoke 用烟熏出 2  drive out of hiding or secrecy etc. 把…赶出；揭露出□ smokable  adj. (also 亦作 smokeable)   [Old English smoca, from weak grade of the stem of smēocan ‘emit smoke’]

smoke-ball n.  1  a puffball 马勃菌 2  a projectile filled with material emitting dense smoke, used to conceal military operations etc. (用于掩蔽军事行动的)烟幕弹

smoke bomb n.  a bomb that emits dense smoke on exploding 烟幕弹，发烟炸弹

smoke box n.  a chamber in a steam engine or boiler between the flues and the funnel or chimney stack (蒸汽机或汽锅中位于烟道和烟窗或烟囱之间的)烟箱，烟室

smoke bush n.  = SMOKE PLANT 

smoked glass n.  glass darkened by exposure to smoke 被烟熏黑的玻璃

smoke-dried adj.  cured in smoke 熏制的

smoke-free adj.  1  free from smoke 无烟的 2  where smoking is not permitted 禁止吸烟的

smoke-ho var.  of SMOKO  SMOKO 的变体

smokeless /ˈsməʊklis/ adj.  having or producing little or no smoke 无烟的

smokeless zone n. Brit.  a district in which it is illegal to create smoke and where only smokeless fuel may be used [英]无烟区(只准许使用无烟燃料的地区)

smoke plant n.  any ornamental shrub of the genus Cotinus, with a feathery smokelike inflorescence 黄栌(一种装饰性灌木，其花为云雾状羽毛形花序)

smoker /ˈsməʊkə/ n.  1  a person or thing that smokes, esp. a person who habitually smokes tobacco (尤指习惯性的)吸烟者；冒烟的东西 2  a compartment on a train, in which smoking is allowed (火车上的)吸烟车厢 3 esp. US  an informal social gathering of men [尤美]吸烟聚会(男子非正式的社交聚会) 4  a device for stupefying bees (用于熏蜜蜂的)烟熏器

smoke ring n.  smoke from a cigarette etc. exhaled in the shape of a ring (吸烟者吐出的)烟圈

smoke-room n. Brit. [英]  = SMOKING ROOM 

smoker's cough n.  a persistent cough caused by excessive smoking 吸烟咳嗽(吸烟过度引起的长期咳嗽)

smokescreen /ˈsməʊkskri:n/ n.  1  a cloud of smoke diffused to conceal (esp. military) operations (尤指军事上用于掩蔽行动的)烟幕 2  a device or ruse for disguising one's activities (用于掩盖某人活动的)障眼法

smokestack /ˈsməʊkstæk/ n.  1  a chimney or funnel for discharging the smoke of a locomotive or steamer (火车机车或汽船上的)烟囱 2  a tall chimney 大烟囱

smoke-stone n.  cairngorm 烟晶(石)

smoke tree n.  = SMOKE PLANT 

smoke-tunnel n.  a form of wind tunnel using smoke filaments to show the motion of air (利用烟雾显示空气流向的)烟风洞

smoking gun n. (also 亦作 smoking pistol)  a piece of incontrovertible incriminating evidence 确凿的罪证

smoking jacket n.  a jacket, often of velvet, formerly worn by men while smoking (从前男子吸烟时穿的)吸烟衫

smoking room n.  a room in a hotel or house, kept for smoking in (旅馆或住房的)吸烟室

smoko /ˈsməʊkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 smoke-ho) (pl. -os) Austral. & NZ colloq. [澳新口]  1  a stoppage of work for a rest and a smoke (可休息和吸烟的)工间休息 2  a tea break 吃茶点时间

smoky /ˈsməʊki/ adj. (smokier, smokiest)  1  emitting, veiled or filled with, or obscured by, smoke 多烟的，冒烟的，烟雾弥漫的  smoky fire  冒烟的火 smoky room  烟雾弥漫的房间 2  stained with or coloured like smoke 烟熏的，烟色的  smoky glass  烟色玻璃 3  having the taste or flavour of smoked food 烟熏味的  smoky bacon  熏猪肉 □ smokily  adv.  □ smokiness  n.  

smolder US var.  of SMOULDER [美] SMOULDER 的变体

smolt /sməʊlt/ n.  a young salmon migrating to the sea for the first time (初离淡水入海的)幼鲑 [Middle English (originally Scots & northern English): origin unknown: cf. SMELT3]

smooch /smu:tʃ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1 Brit.  a period of slow dancing close together [英]贴面舞 2  a spell of kissing and caressing; a kiss 拥吻；吻 ●v. intr.  engage in a smooch 拥吻；亲吻 □ smoocher  n.  □ smoochy  adj. (smoochier, smoochiest)   [dialect smouch, imitative]

smoodge /smu:dʒ/ v. intr. (also 亦作 smooge) Austral. & NZ [澳新]  1  behave in a fawning or ingratiating manner 讨好，逢迎 2  behave amorously 示爱 [probably variant of dialect smudge ‘kiss, sidle up to, beg in a sneaking way’]

smooth /smu:ð/ adj., v., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  having a relatively even and regular surface; free from perceptible projections, lumps, indentations, and roughness 平滑的，光滑的，平坦的b Tennis  etc. applied to the face of a racket with a smooth surface, the projecting loops from the stringing process being on the reverse side (opp. 反义 ROUGH adj. 1b) 【网球】(球拍)滑面的 2  not wrinkled, pitted, scored, or hairy 平整的；无划痕的；无毛的  smooth skin  光滑的皮肤 3  that can be traversed without check 通行无阻的 4 (of liquids) of even consistency; without lumps (液体)调匀的，无结块的  mix to a smooth paste  混合成细腻的浆糊 5 (of the sea etc.) without waves or undulations (海等)无波涛的，平静的 6 (of a journey, passage, progress, etc.) untroubled by difficulties or adverse conditions (旅程、通道、进程等)顺利的，无阻的 7  having an easy flow or correct rhythm 流畅的，节奏均匀的  smooth breathing  均匀的呼吸 a smooth metre  流畅的韵律 8  a  not harsh in sound or taste 悦耳的，柔和的b (of wine etc.) not astringent (酒等)醇美的 9 (of a person, his or her manner, etc.) suave, conciliatory, flattering, unruffled, or polite (人、举止等)圆滑的，逢迎的，八面玲珑的  a smooth talker  说话圆滑 he's very smooth  他八面玲珑 10 (of movement etc.) not suddenly varying; not jerky (运动等)平顺的，平稳的 ●v. (also 亦作 smoothe)  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, down)  make or become smooth 使光滑；变光滑 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out, down, over, away)  a tr.  reduce or get rid of (differences, faults, difficulties, etc.) in fact or appearance 减少，消除(差别、错误、困难等)b intr. (of difficulties etc.) diminish; become less obtrusive (困难等)减少，变小  it will all smooth over  困难将全部被排除 3 tr.  modify (a graph, curve, etc.) so as to lessen irregularities 使(图表、曲线等)平滑(或光滑) 4 tr.  free from impediments or discomfort 使畅通；使舒畅  smooth the way  使道路畅通 smooth the declining years  使晚年过得舒畅 ●n.  1  a smoothing touch or stroke 抹平，抚平  gave his hair a smooth  把他的头发抹平 2  the easy part of life (生活中的)安逸，安乐  take the rough with the smooth  安然对待人世的浮沉 ●adv.  smoothly 光滑地；平坦地；顺利地；流畅地；圆滑地  the course of true love never did run smooth  真正的爱情从来不是一帆风顺的 □ in smooth water   having passed obstacles or difficulties 历经险阻□ smoothable  adj.  □ smoother  n.  □ smoothish  adj.  □ smoothly  adv.  □ smoothness  n.   [Old English smōth]

smooth-bore n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a gun with an unrifled barrel 滑膛枪

smooth-faced adj.  1  hypocritically friendly 伪善的，故作友善的 2  having smooth facial skin; clean-shaven 面部光洁的；胡须刮得干净的

smooth hound n.  a small shark of shallow water, of the genus Mustelus 星鲨(一种浅水小鲨鱼)

smoothie /ˈsmu:ði/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a person who is smooth (see 见 SMOOTH adj. 9) 圆滑的人 2 esp. US, Austral & NZ  a thick smooth drink of fresh fruit puréed with milk, yogurt, or ice cream [尤美澳新] (新鲜水果加牛奶、酸奶或冰激淋制成的)鲜浓果汁 [SMOOTH]

smoothing iron n. hist.  a flat iron [史义]烙铁；熨斗

smoothing plane n.  a small plane for finishing the planing of wood (木工用的)细刨

smooth muscle n.  a muscle without striations, usu. occurring in hollow organs and performing involuntary functions 平滑肌

smooth talk n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  bland specious language 甜言蜜语，花言巧语 ●v. tr. (作 smooth-talk)  address or persuade with this 巧言哄骗

smooth-tongued adj.  insincerely flattering 油嘴滑舌的，巧舌如簧的

smorgasbord /ˈsmɔ:ɡəsbɔ:d/ n.  1  open sandwiches served with delicacies as hors d'oeuvres or a buffet 斯堪的纳维亚式餐前菜(或自助餐) 2  = BUFFET1 2  3  a medley; a miscellany; a variety 大杂烩 [Swedish, from smörgas ‘(slice of) bread and butter’ (from smör ‘butter’ + gås ‘goose, lump of butter’) + bord ‘table’]

smorzando /smɔ:ˈtsændəʊ/ adj., adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adj. & adv.  dying away 渐次消失(的) ●n. (pl. -os or smorzandi /-di/)  a smorzando passage 渐次消失的乐段 [Italian, gerund of smorzare ‘extinguish’]

smote past  of SMITE  

smother /ˈsmʌðə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  suffocate; stifle; kill by stopping the breath of or excluding air from 使窒息，闷死 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  overwhelm with (kisses, gifts, kindness, etc.) 大量给予(吻、礼物、体贴等)  smothered with affection  被宠爱 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, with)  cover entirely in or with 覆盖，笼罩  chicken smothered in mayonnaise  沾满蛋黄酱的鸡肉 4 tr.  extinguish or deaden (a fire or flame) by covering it or heaping it with ashes etc. 闷熄，闷灭(炉火或火焰) 5 intr.  a  die of suffocation 窒息，闷死b  have difficulty breathing 呼吸困难，透不过气 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  suppress or conceal; keep from notice or publicity 隐蔽；遮掩 7 tr. US  defeat rapidly or utterly [美]迅速击败，彻底击败 8 tr.  cook in a covered vessel 闷煮，闷烧 ●n.  1  a cloud of dust or smoke 浓烟，浓雾 2  obscurity caused by this 窒息状态；被抑制状态 [Middle English smorther from the stem of Old English smorian ‘suffocate’]

smothered mate n. Chess  checkmate in which the king, having no vacant square to move to, is checkmated by a knight 【棋类】闷杀(指王因无路可走而被将死)

smothery /ˈsmʌð(ə)ri/ adj.  tending to smother; stifling 令人窒息的，闷的

smoulder /ˈsməʊldə/ v. & n. (US [美] smolder) ●v. intr.  1  burn slowly with smoke but without a flame; slowly burn internally or invisibly (无火焰地)闷烧，阴燃 2 (of emotions etc.) exist in a suppressed or concealed state (情感等)郁积 3 (of a person) show silent or suppressed anger, hatred, etc. (人)愤愤不平；怀恨在心 ●n.  a smouldering or slow-burning fire 闷燃；暗火 □ smoulderingly  adv.   [Middle English, related to Low German smöln, Middle Dutch smölen]

smriti /ˈsmriti/ n.  Hindu traditional teachings on religion etc. 传承(印度宗教等的传统教义) [Sanskrit smrti ‘remembrance’]

smudge1 /smʌdʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a blurred or smeared line or mark; a blot; a smear of dirt 污点，污斑，污迹 2  a stain or blot on a person's character etc. (性格等上的)瑕疵，缺点 ●v.  1 tr.  make a smudge on 弄脏，弄污 2 intr.  become smeared or blurred 变模糊  smudges easily  容易变模糊 3 tr.  smear or blur the lines of (writing, drawing, etc.) 使(字迹、图画等的线条)变模糊  smudge the outline  擦糊轮廓 4 tr.  defile, sully, stain, or disgrace (a person's name, character, etc.) 玷污(名声、性格等) □ smudgeless  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

smudge2 /smʌdʒ/ n. N. Amer.  an outdoor fire with dense smoke made to keep off insects, protect plants against frost, etc. [北美] (为驱虫或防止农作物冻伤等而生的)熏烟火堆 [smudge ‘cure (herring) by smoking’ (16th c.: origin unknown)]

smudge pot n.  a container holding burning material that produces a smudge (see 见 SMUDGE2) 烟熏炉

smudgy /ˈsmʌdʒi/ adj. (smudgier, smudgiest)  1  smudged 弄脏了的，玷污了的 2  likely to produce smudges 易弄脏的，易模糊的 □ smudgily  adv.  □ smudginess  n.  

smug /smʌɡ/ adj. (smugger, smuggest)  self-satisfied; complacent 自满的，沾沾自喜的 □ smugly  adv.  □ smugness  n.   [originally ‘neat’: from Low German smuk ‘pretty’]

smuggle /ˈsmʌɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  import or export (goods) illegally, esp. without payment of customs duties (尤指没有缴纳海关关税地)走私，私运 2 (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  convey secretly 偷偷运进(或运出) 3 (foll. by 后跟 away)  put into concealment 隐藏，隐蔽 □ smuggler  n.  □ smuggling  n.   [Low German smukkeln smuggelen]

smut /smʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small flake of soot etc. 煤烟，煤炱 2  a spot or smudge made by this 污点，污斑，污迹 3  obscene or lascivious talk, pictures, or stories 淫秽的话语(或图片、故事) 4  a  a fungal disease of cereals in which parts of the ear change to black powder 黑穗病，黑粉病(一种真菌引起的谷物疾病，穗部被感染的部分会变成黑粉)b  any fungus of the order Ustilaginales causing this (引起黑穗病的)担子菌 ●v. (smutted, smutting)  1 tr.  mark with smuts (用煤烟)弄脏，弄污 2 tr.  infect (a plant) with smut 使(植物)患黑穗病 3 intr. (of a plant) contract smut (植物)患黑穗病 □ smutty  adj. (smuttier, smuttiest) (esp. in sense 3 of n. 尤用于名词释义 3)  □ smuttily  adv.  □ smuttiness  n.   [related to Low German smutt, Middle High German smutz(en) etc.: cf. Old English smitt(ian) ‘smear’, and SMUDGE1]

smut-ball n.  grain affected by smut 患黑穗病的谷粒

smut-mill n.  a machine for freeing grain from smut (清除患黑穗病谷粒的)清谷机

Sn symb. Chem.  the element tin [符]【化】(化学元素)锡 [Late Latin stannum]

snack /snæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light, casual, or hurried meal 快餐，便餐 2  a small amount of food eaten between meals (正餐之间吃的)小吃，零食 3 Austral. slang  something easy to accomplish [澳] [俚语]容易做的事 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  eat a snack 吃快餐；吃零食 [originally a snap or bite: Middle English, from Middle Dutch snac(k), from snacken ‘to bite’, variant of snappen]

snack bar n.  a place where snacks are sold 快餐馆；小吃店

snaffle /ˈsnæf(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (in full 全称 snaffle-bit) (on a bridle) a simple bit without a curb and usu. with a single rein 马嚼子(一种无勒索的轻马衔铁) ●v. tr.  1  put a snaffle on 装上马嚼子 2 colloq.  steal; seize; appropriate [口]偷盗；攫取；盗用 [probably from Low German or Dutch: cf. Middle Low German, Middle Dutch snavel ‘beak, mouth’]

snafu /snæˈfu:, ˈsnæfu:/ adj. & n. slang [俚语] ●adj.  in utter confusion or chaos 极度混乱的，一团糟的 ●n.  this state 混乱，一团糟 [acronym for ‘s ituation normal: all fouled (or fucked) up’]

snag1 /snæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unexpected or hidden obstacle or drawback (意想不到的或隐蔽的)阻碍，障碍 2  a jagged or projecting point or broken stump 锐利的突出物 3  a tear in material etc. (布料等的)裂口 4  a short tine of an antler 鹿角的小叉枝 ●v. tr. (snagged, snagging)  1  catch or tear on a snag 绊住；勾住；挂住 2  clear (land, a waterway, a tree trunk, etc.) of snags 清除(陆地、水路、树干等的)障碍(或突出物) 3 N. Amer.  catch or obtain by quick action [北美]迅速抓住；迅速获取 □ snagged  adj.  □ snaggy  adj.   [probably from Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian dialect snag(e) ‘sharp point’]

snag2 /snæɡ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Austral. slang  a sausage [澳] [俚语]香肠 [20th c.: origin unknown]

snaggle-tooth /ˈsnæɡ(ə)l/ n. (pl. snaggle-teeth)  an irregular or projecting tooth 歪牙；暴牙；断齿 □ snaggle-toothed  adj.   [SNAG1 + -LE2]

snail /sneil/ n.  any slow-moving gastropod mollusc with a spiral shell able to enclose the whole body 蜗牛(一种行动缓慢的腹足科软体动物，带有一螺旋状的厚壳，可将整个身体包裹起来) □ snail-like  adj.   [Old English snœg(e)l, from Germanic]

snail mail n. slang [俚语]  1  the ordinary postal system as opposed to the electronic mail system (相对于电子邮政系统而言的)普通邮政 2  correspondence sent using this 普通邮件

snail's pace n.  a very slow movement 蜗牛般的步子，缓慢的行动

snake /sneik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any long limbless reptile of the suborder Ophidia, including boas, pythons, and poisonous forms such as cobras and vipers 蛇(体长无足的爬行动物，包括蟒蛇、巨蟒和一些有毒的品种，如眼镜蛇、蝰蛇等)b  a limbless lizard or amphibian 无脚蜥蜴(或两栖动物) 2 (also 亦作 snake in the grass)  a treacherous person or secret enemy 奸诈的人，暗藏的敌人 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a system of interconnected exchange rates for the EC currencies (欧共体货币的)蛇形浮动汇率制 4 (in full 全称 plumber's snake)  a long flexible wire for clearing obstacles in piping (清除管道障碍物的)细长弹性铁丝 ●v. intr.  move or twist like a snake 蛇行，蜿蜒前进 □ snakelike  adj.   [Old English snaca]

snake bird n.  an anhinga or darter, Anhinga anhinga 蛇鹈

snake charmer n.  a person appearing to make snakes move by music etc. (用音乐训蛇的)玩蛇者，耍蛇人

snake oil n. colloq.  a quack medicine [口]蛇油(江湖郎中声称的一种万灵油)

snake-pit n.  1  a pit containing snakes 蛇洞，蛇坑 2  a scene of vicious behaviour 混乱恐怖的地方

snakeroot /ˈsneikru:t/ n.  any of various N. American plants with roots reputed to contain an antidote to snake's poison, e.g. Aristolochia serpentaria 蛇根树；细辛属植物(产于北美、根能医治蛇咬伤的植物)

snakes and ladders n. pl.  a game with counters moved along a board with advances up ‘ladders’ or returns down ‘snakes’ depicted on the board (游戏盘上画着蛇和梯子，棋子走进“梯子”就前进，走进“蛇”就后退的)蛇梯棋

snake's head n.  a bulbous plant, Fritillaria meleagris, with bell-shaped pendent flowers 白龟头花(鳞茎状植物，开钟状垂花)

snakeskin /ˈsneikskin/ n. & adj. ●n.  the skin of a snake 蛇皮 ●adj.  made of or resembling snakeskin 蛇皮革的；仿蛇皮的

snaky /ˈsneiki/ adj.  1  of or like a snake 蛇的；似蛇的 2  winding; sinuous 弯弯曲曲的，蜿蜒的 3  showing coldness, ingratitude, venom, or guile 冷酷的，忘恩负义的，狠毒的，狡诈的 4  infested with or composed of snakes 多蛇的 5 Austral. slang  angry; irritable [澳] [俚语]生气的；易怒的 □ snakily  adv.  □ snakiness  n.  

snap /snæp/ v., n., adv. & adj. ●v. (snapped, snapping)  1 intr. & tr.  break suddenly or with a snap 突然折断；喀嚓折断 2 intr. & tr.  emit or cause to emit a sudden sharp sound or crack (使)劈啪作响 3 intr. & tr.  open or close with a snapping sound 啪地打开(或关闭)  the bag snapped shut  那包啪地一声合上了 4  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  speak irritably or spitefully (to a person) 呵斥(某人)  did not mean to snap at you  不是在呵斥你b tr.  say irritably or spitefully 呵斥 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at) (esp. of a dog etc.) make a sudden audible bite (尤指狗)猛咬 6 tr. & intr.  move quickly 迅速移动  snap into action  迅速行动起来 7 tr.  take a snapshot of 拍快照 8 tr. Amer. Football  put (the ball) into play on the ground by a quick backward movement 【美式橄榄球】对阵开球 ●n.  1  an act or sound of snapping 劈啪作响；劈啪声 2  a crisp biscuit or cake 脆薄饼干(或饼)  brandy snap  白兰地脆饼 ginger snap  姜汁脆饼 3  a snapshot 快照 4 (in full 全称 cold snap)  a sudden brief spell of cold weather (天气的)骤冷 5 Brit. [英]  a  a card game in which players call ‘snap’ when two similar cards are exposed 呼“同”牌戏(在牌戏中，遇到两张相同扑克牌时，玩者呼“同”)b (as 作 int.)  on noticing the (often unexpected) similarity of two things (意外地发现两者相似时)一模一样！真巧啊！  6  crispness of style; fresh vigour or liveliness in action; zest; dash; spring 活泼；精力；活力；兴致 7 N. Amer. slang  an easy task [北美] [俚语]容易的事情  it was a snap  那是件容易的事 ●adv.  with the sound of a snap 啪地一声  heard it go snap  听到啪地一声 ●adj.  done or taken on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly, or without notice 仓促的，匆忙的，突然的  snap decision  仓促的决定 □ snap at   accept (bait, a chance, etc.) eagerly (see also senses 4a and 5 of v. 另见动词释义 4a 和释义 5) 渴望接受，急着接受(诱惑物、机会等)□ snap off   break off or bite off 折断，咬断□ snap off a person's head   address a person angrily or rudely 怒斥某人，呵斥某人□ snap one's fingers   1  make an audible fillip, esp. in rhythm to music etc. (尤指随着音乐节奏等)打响指 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  defy; show contempt for 蔑视；轻视□ snap out   say irritably 呵斥□ snap out of  colloq.  get rid of (a mood, habit, etc.) by a sudden effort [口]努力摆脱(情绪、习惯等)□ snap up   1  accept (an offer, a bargain) quickly or eagerly 飞快接受，急切接受(报价或便宜货) 2  pick up or catch hastily or smartly 匆忙捡起；飞快抓住 3  interrupt (another person) before he or she has finished speaking 打断(某人的话)□ snappable  adj.  □ snappingly  adv.   [probably from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German snappen ‘seize’: partly imitative]

snap bean n. US  a bean grown for its pods which are broken into pieces and eaten [美]青豆，菜豆

snap-bolt n.  a bolt which locks automatically when a door or window closes 自动门栓

snap-brim adj. (of a hat) with a brim that can be turned up and down at opposite sides (帽子)帽沿可翻上翻下的

snapdragon /ˈsnæpdræɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plant, Antirrhinum majus, with an irregular flower which gapes like a mouth when a bee lands on the lower part 金鱼草(开形状不规则的花，蜜蜂停在花下部时花呈唇形)

snap-fastener n.  = PRESS STUD 

snap-hook n. (also 亦作 snap-link)  a hook or link with a spring allowing the entrance but barring the escape of a cord, link, etc. (索、链等的)弹簧扣

snap-lock n.  = SNAP-BOLT 

snapper /ˈsnæpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that snaps 打响指的人；劈啪响的东西 2  a  any of several edible marine fish of the family Lutjanidae, usu. reddish in colour with a triangular head profile 啮鱼(身体通常红色，头呈三角形的一种食用海鱼)b Austral.  a sparid fish, Chrysophrys auratus, used as food [澳]鲷科鱼(可食用) 3  a snapping turtle 啮龟 4 US  a cracker (as a toy) [美] (作为玩具的)爆竹

snapping turtle n.  any large American freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae which seizes prey with a snap of its jaws 鳄龟(产于美洲的大型淡水龟，其钩状爪能迅速合拢猎取食物)

snappish /ˈsnæpiʃ/ adj.  1 (of a person's manner or a remark) curt; ill-tempered; sharp (人的举止或言谈)暴躁的，急躁的，厉声的 2 (of a dog etc.) inclined to snap (狗等)爱咬人的 □ snappishly  adv.  □ snappishness  n.  

snappy /ˈsnæpi/ adj. (snappier, snappiest) colloq. [口]  1  brisk; full of zest 敏捷的；活泼的；精力充沛的 2  neat and elegant 漂亮的，优雅的  a snappy dresser  穿着漂亮的人 3  snappish 暴躁的 □ make it snappy   be quick about it 赶快□ snappily  adv.  □ snappiness  n.  

snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/ n.  a casual photograph taken quickly with a small hand camera 快照

snare /snɛə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a trap for catching birds or animals, esp. with a noose of wire or cord (捕鸟或兽的)陷阱；(尤指)套索 2  a thing that acts as a temptation 诱惑物 3  a device for tempting an enemy etc. to expose himself or herself to danger, failure, loss, capture, defeat, etc. (诱敌等上当的)圈套，骗局 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) Mus.  twisted strings of gut, hide, or wire stretched across the lower head of a side drum to produce a rattling sound 【音】响弦(绷在小鼓底部鼓面上的线或弦) 5 (in full 全称 snare drum)  a drum fitted with snares 有响弦的小鼓 6 Surgery  a wire loop for extracting polyps etc. 【外科】(肿瘤等的)勒除器 ●v. tr.  1  catch (a bird etc.) in a snare 用罗网捕捉(鸟等) 2  ensnare; lure or trap (a person) with a snare (用圈套等)诱捕，诱骗 □ snarer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English sneare from Old Norse snara: senses 4 & 5 probably from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch]

snark /snɑ:k/ n.  a fabulous animal, originally the subject of a nonsense poem 蛇鲨(原为一首无聊诗中杜撰的动物) [The Hunting of the Snark (1876) by Lewis Carroll]

snarl1 /snɑ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a dog) make an angry growl with bared teeth (狗)嗥叫，狂吠 2 intr. (of a person) speak cynically; make bad-tempered complaints or criticisms (人)挖苦；怒斥，怒骂 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  utter in a snarling tone 怒吼着说，咆哮着表达b  express (discontent etc.) by snarling 咆哮，怒吼(以示不满等) ●n.  the act or sound of snarling 狂吠，嗥叫；咆哮(声)，怒吼(声) □ snarler  n.  □ snarlingly  adv.  □ snarly  adj. (snarlier, snarliest)   [earlier snar, from (Middle) Low German, Middle High German snarren]

snarl2 /snɑ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  twist; entangle; confuse and hamper the movement of (traffic etc.) 使缠结；使(交通等)混乱 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become entangled, congested, or confused 缠结，拥堵，混乱 3 tr.  adorn the exterior of (a narrow metal vessel) with raised work (在窄小的金属器皿的外部)装饰浮雕花纹 ●n.  a knot or tangle 缠结；混乱 [Middle English from snare (n. & v.): sense 3 perhaps from the noun in a dialect sense ‘knot in wood’]

snarling iron /ˈsnɑ:liŋ/ n.  an implement used for snarling metal (用于在金属制品上制作浮雕花纹的)浮雕模铁

snarl-up n. colloq.  a traffic jam; a muddle; a mistake [口]交通阻塞；混乱；错误

snatch /snætʃ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  seize quickly, eagerly, or unexpectedly, esp. with outstretched hands (迅速、急切、意外地)抓住；攫取 2  steal (a wallet, handbag, etc.) 抢走(钱包、手提包等) 3  secure with difficulty (艰难地)获取  snatched an hour's rest  抓空休息一小时 4 (foll. by 后跟 away, from)  take away or from, esp. suddenly (尤指突然)拿走，抓住  snatched away my hand  突然抓住我的手 5 (foll. by 后跟 from)  rescue narrowly 勉强救出  snatched from the jaws of death  死里逃生 6 (foll. by 后跟 at)  a  try to seize by stretching or grasping suddenly 攫取，抢夺b  take (an offer etc.) eagerly 急切地接受(给予物) ●n.  1  an act of snatching 抢夺；抓住；攫取  made a snatch at it  伸手去抓它 2  a fragment of a song or talk etc. (歌曲或谈话等的)片段  caught a snatch of their conversation  听到他们的一段谈话 3 orig. US colloq.  a kidnapping [源于美口]绑架 4 (prec. by 前接 the) (in weightlifting) the rapid raising of a weight from the floor to above the head in one movement (举重中的)抓举 5  a short spell of activity etc. 一阵活动 □ in (or by) snatches   in fits and starts 忽冷忽热地，一阵一阵地□ snatcher  n. (esp. in sense 3 of n. 尤用于名词释义 3)  □ snatchy  adj.   [Middle English snecchen, sna(c)che, perhaps related to SNACK]

snatch squad n.  a group of police officers, soldiers, etc., detailed to seize troublemakers in a crowd 追捕队(被派往逮捕闹事分子的一队警察、士兵等)

snavel /ˈsnæv(ə)l/ v. tr. (also 亦作 snavle, snavvle) Austral. slang  catch; take; steal [澳] [俚语]抓住；拿走，偷窃 [English dialect (as SNAFFLE)]

snazzy /ˈsnæzi/ adj. (snazzier, snazziest) colloq.  smart or attractive esp. in an ostentatious way [口]漂亮的；时髦的；(尤指)华丽而俗气的 □ snazzily  adv.  □ snazziness  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

sneak /sni:k/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (past and past part. sneaked or colloq. [口] snuck /snʌk/)  1 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, past, away, etc.)  go or convey furtively; slink 偷偷地走(或运送)；潜行 2 tr. colloq.  steal unobserved; make off with [口]偷窃；偷走 3 intr. Brit. school slang  tell tales; turn informer [英] [学俚]打小报告；告密 4 intr. (as 作 sneaking adj.)  a  furtive; undisclosed 偷偷摸摸的；秘密的  have a sneaking affection for him  暗恋着他b  persistent in one's mind; nagging (心中)挥之不去的，恼人的  a sneaking feeling that it is not right  总感觉不对头 ●n.  1  a mean-spirited cowardly underhand person 鬼鬼祟祟的人，偷偷摸摸的人 2 Brit. school slang  a tell-tale [英] [学俚]告密者 ●adj.  acting or done without warning; secret 偷偷的；秘密的  a sneak attack  偷袭 □ sneakingly  adv.   [16th c., probably dialect: perhaps related to Middle English snike, Old English snīcan ‘creep’]■Usage 用法说明 The form snuck for the past or past participle should not be used in formal contexts. It arose in American English in the 19th century and remains non-standard in both American and British English. 该词的过去式和过去分词形式 snuck 不能用于正式文体中。 snuck 于 19 世纪在美国英语中开始使用，在美国英语和英国英语中一直为非标准用语。 

sneaker /ˈsni:kə/ n. esp. N. Amer.  each of a pair of soft-soled canvas etc. shoes [尤北美]帆布软底运动鞋

sneak thief n.  a thief who steals without breaking in; a pickpocket (顺手牵羊的)小偷；扒手

sneaky /ˈsni:ki/ adj. (sneakier, sneakiest)  given to or characterized by sneaking; furtive, mean 偷偷摸摸的，鬼鬼祟祟的；卑微的 □ sneakily  adv.  □ sneakiness  n.  

sneck /snek/ n. & v. Sc. & N. Engl. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] ●n.  a latch 插销；弹簧锁 ●v. tr.  latch (a door etc.); close or fasten with a sneck (给门等)插上插销；用插销(或弹簧锁)插上，锁上 [Middle English, related to SNATCH]

sneer /sniə/ n. & v. ●n.  a derisive smile or remark 嘲笑，冷笑，讥笑 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  smile derisively 嘲笑，讥笑，冷笑 2 tr.  say sneeringly 嘲笑(或冷笑、讥笑)着说 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  speak derisively, esp. covertly or ironically (尤指偷偷地或讥讽般地)嘲笑着说  sneered at his attempts  嘲笑他的努力 □ sneerer  n.  □ sneering  adj.  □ sneeringly  adv.   [Middle English, perhaps from Old English fnaeran ‘to snort’]

sneeze /sni:z/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden involuntary expulsion of air from the nose and mouth caused by irritation of the nostrils 喷嚏 2  the sound of this 喷嚏声 ●v. intr.  make a sneeze 打喷嚏 □ not to be sneezed at  colloq.  not to be underrated; considerable; notable [口]不可轻视；相当可观；值得注意□ sneezer  n.  □ sneezy  adj.   [Middle English snese, apparently alteration of obsolete fnese from Old English -fnēsan, Old Norse fnýsa, replacing earlier and less expressive nese]

sneezewort /ˈsni:zwɜ:t/ n.  a kind of yarrow, Achillea ptarmica, whose dried leaves are used to induce sneezing 珠蓍(其干叶被用于诱发喷嚏)

Snell's law /snelz/ n. Physics  the law that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction of a wave are constant when it passes between two given media 【物理学】斯涅耳定律 [named after W. Snell, Dutch mathematician d. 1626]

snib /snib/ v. & n. esp. Sc. & Ir. [尤苏格兰和爱尔兰] ●v. tr. (snibbed, snibbing)  bolt, fasten, or lock (a door etc.) 闩，锁(门等) ●n.  a lock, catch, or fastening for a door or window (门或窗的)闩，锁，插销 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

snick /snik/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  cut a small notch in 刻细痕于 2  make a small incision in 微微切开 3 Cricket  deflect (the ball) slightly with the bat 【板球】削(球) ●n.  1  a small notch or cut 刻痕 2 Cricket  a slight deflection of the ball by the bat 【板球】削球 [17th c.: probably from snick-a-snee ‘fight with knives’]

snicker /ˈsnikə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  = SNIGGERv.  2  whinny, neigh 马嘶 ●n.  1  = SNIGGERn.  2  a whinny; a neigh 马嘶声 □ snickeringly  adv.   [imitative]

snide /snaid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sneering; slyly derogatory; insinuating 讽刺的，挖苦的，贬抑的 2  counterfeit; bogus 假冒的，伪造的 3 US  mean; underhand [美]卑鄙的，卑劣的 ●n.  a snide person or remark 卑鄙的人；挖苦的话 □ snidely  adv.  □ snideness  n.   [19th-c. colloq.: origin unknown]

sniff /snif/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  draw up air audibly through the nose to stop it running or to detect a smell or as an expression of contempt 以鼻吸气；嗤之以鼻 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  draw in (a scent, drug, liquid, or air) through the nose 用鼻子吸入(香味、药物、液体或空气) 3 tr.  draw in the scent of (food, drink, flowers, etc.) through the nose 嗅，闻(食物、饮料、花等)的气味 ●n.  1  an act or sound of sniffing 吸气；吸气声 2  the amount of air etc. sniffed up (空气等的)吸入量 □ sniff at   1  try the smell of; show interest in 闻，嗅；对…感兴趣 2  show contempt for or discontent with 嗤之以鼻，蔑视□ sniff out   detect; discover by investigation 嗅出，察觉；(通过调查)发现□ sniffingly  adv.   [Middle English, imitative]

sniffer /snifə/ n.  1  a person who sniffs, esp. one who sniffs a drug or toxic substances (尤指)以鼻吸毒者 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : glue-sniffer  吸胶毒者 2 slang  the nose [俚语]鼻子 3 colloq.  any device for detecting gas, radiation, etc. [口] (煤气、辐射等的)嗅探器

sniffer dog n. colloq.  a dog trained to sniff out drugs or explosives [口] (经过训练能嗅出毒品或炸药的)嗅犬

sniffle /ˈsnif(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  sniff slightly or repeatedly (轻微或不停地)抽鼻子 ●n.  1  the act of sniffling 抽鼻子 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a cold in the head causing a running nose and sniffling (不停地流鼻涕并抽鼻子的)感冒 □ sniffler  n.  □ sniffly  adj.   [imitative: cf. SNIVEL]

sniffy /ˈsnifi/ adj. (sniffier, sniffiest) colloq. [口]  1  inclined to sniff 爱抽鼻子的 2  disdainful; contemptuous 傲慢的，嗤之以鼻的 □ sniffily  adv.  □ sniffiness  n.  

snifter /ˈsniftə/ n.  1 colloq.  a small drink of alcohol [口]一小杯酒，一口酒 2 esp. N. Amer.  a balloon glass for brandy [尤北美] (喝白兰地用的)矮脚小口酒杯 [dialect snift ‘sniff’, perhaps from Scandinavian: imitative]

snifter-valve n.  a valve in a steam engine to allow air in or out (蒸气机的)排(吸)气阀

snig /sniɡ/ v. tr. (snigged, snigging) Austral. & NZ  drag with a jerk [澳新]猛拖，猛拉 [English dialect: origin unknown]

snigger /ˈsniɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  a half-suppressed secretive laugh 窃笑，暗笑 ●v. intr.  utter such a laugh 吃吃地笑，窃笑 □ sniggerer  n.  □ sniggeringly  adv.   [variant of SNICKER]

sniggery /ˈsniɡəri/ adj. colloq.  liable to cause sniggers, or characterized by sniggering [口]爱窃笑的；窃笑的

snigging chain n.  a chain used to move logs (用于移动圆木的)拖链

sniggle /ˈsniɡ(ə)l/ v. intr.  fish (for eels) by pushing bait into a hole (把钓钩放进鳗洞里)钓(鳗) [Middle English snig ‘small eel’, of unknown origin]

snip /snip/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (snipped, snipping) (also absol. [亦含宾])  cut (cloth, a hole, etc.) with scissors or shears, esp. in small quick strokes (尤指用剪刀迅速地)剪，剪断 ●n.  1  an act of snipping 剪，剪断 2  a piece of material etc. snipped off (剪下的)小片，碎片 3 colloq. [口]  a  something easily achieved 容易做成的事b Brit.  a bargain; something cheaply acquired [英]廉价品；便宜货 4 (in pl. 用复数)  hand shears for metal cutting (用于剪金属薄片的)平头剪，铁丝剪 □ snip at   make snipping strokes at 剪…□ snipping  n.   [Low German & Dutch snippen: imitative]

snipe /snaip/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or snipes)  any of various wading birds, esp. of the genus Gallinago, with a long straight bill and frequenting marshes 鹬，沙锥鸟(猎禽中的任一种涉禽，长喙，常出现于湿地) ●v.  1 intr.  fire shots from hiding, usu. at long range 狙击，打冷枪 2 tr.  kill by sniping 狙击致死 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  make a sly critical attack 诽谤，中伤 4 intr.  go snipe-shooting 射鹬，猎鹬 □ sniper  n.   [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Icelandic mýrisnípa & Middle Dutch, Middle Low German snippe, Old High German snepfa]

snipe eel n.  any eel of the family Nemichthyidae, having a long slender snout 线口鳗(其口鼻部细而长)

snipe fish n.  any marine fish of the family Macrorhamphosidae, with a long slender snout 长吻鱼(一种口鼻部细长的海鱼)

snippet /ˈsnipit/ n.  1  a small piece cut off (切下的)小片，碎片 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数； often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  a scrap or fragment of information, knowledge, etc. (消息、知识等的)片断b  a short extract from a book, newspaper, etc. (书、报等的)摘录 □ snippety  adj.  

snippy /ˈsnipi/ adj. (snippier, snippiest) colloq.  fault-finding, snappish, sharp [口]挑剔的；急躁的；尖刻的 □ snippily  adv.  □ snippiness  n.  

snit /snit/ n. N. Amer.  a rage; a sulk (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in a snit) [北美]大怒；愠怒 [20th c.: origin unknown]

snitch /snitʃ/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v.  1 tr.  steal 偷窃 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  inform on a person 告发，告密 ●n.  an informer 告发者，告密者 [17th c.: origin unknown]

snivel /ˈsniv(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (snivelled, snivelling; US [美] sniveled, sniveling)  1  weep with sniffling 啜泣，呜咽 2  run at the nose; make a repeated sniffing sound 流鼻涕；抽鼻子 3  show weak or tearful sentiment 哭诉 ●n.  1  running mucus 流鼻涕 2  hypocritical talk; cant 假话，假哭 □ sniveller  n.  □ snivelling  adj.  □ snivellingly  adv.   [Middle English, related to Old English snyflung, snofl ‘mucus’: cf. SNUFFLE]

snob /snɒb/ n.  1  a  a person with an exaggerated respect for social position or wealth and who despises people considered socially inferior 势利小人，谄上傲下的人b  a person who seeks to cultivate people considered socially superior 设法结交社会名流者c (作 attrib.)  related to or characteristic of these attitudes 势利的；自命不凡的 2  a person who despises others whose (usu. specified) tastes or attainments are considered inferior 自命不凡者，假内行  an intellectual snob  自以为很有知识的人 a wine snob  自以为懂葡萄酒的人 □ snobbery  n. (pl. -ies)  □ snobbish  adj.  □ snobbishly  adv.  □ snobbishness  n.  □ snobby  adj. (snobbier, snobbiest)   [18th c. (now dialect) ‘cobbler’: origin unknown]

SNOBOL /ˈsnəʊbɒl/ n. Computing  a high-level programming language used esp. in manipulating textual data 【计算】 SNOBOL 语言(尤指用于处理文本数据的一种高级编程语言) [partial acronym, from string-oriented symbolic language, on the pattern of COBOL]

snoek /snu:k/ n. S. Afr.  a barracouta [南非]杖鱼 [Afrikaans from Dutch, = PIKE1, from Middle Low German snōk, probably related to SNACK]

snog /snɒɡ/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. intr. & tr. (snogged, snogging)  kiss and caress 拥吻；爱抚 ●n.  a spell of snogging 拥吻；爱抚 □ snogger  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

snood /snu:d/ n.  1  an ornamental hairnet usu. worn at the back of the head (通常戴在脑后装饰用的)发网 2  a ring of woollen etc. material worn as a hood 发圈 3  a short line attaching a hook to a main line in sea fishing (海边垂钓时连接鱼钩和鱼杆的)短线 4 hist.  a ribbon or band worn by unmarried women in Scotland to confine their hair [史义] (苏格兰未婚女子用的)束发带 [Old English snōd]

snook1 /snu:k/ n. esp. Brit. slang  a contemptuous gesture with the thumb to the nose and the fingers spread out [尤英] [俚语]瞧不起，蔑视(拇指顶着鼻尖摆动其余四指以示轻蔑的动作) □ cock a snook  (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  1  make this gesture 做轻蔑的手势 2  register one's contempt (for a person, establishment, etc.) (对某人、公司等)表示轻蔑 [18th c.: origin unknown]

snook2 /snu:k/ n.  a marine fish, Centropomus undecimalis, used as food 锯盖科鱼(一种可食用的海鱼) [Dutch snoek: see SNOEK]

snooker /ˈsnu:kə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a game played with cues on a rectangular baize-covered table in which the players use a cue ball (white) to pocket the other balls (15 red and 6 coloured) in a set order 彩色桌球，落袋台球(长方形台盘上有 15 只红球和 6 只彩色球，玩者用球杆将球击入袋中，以得分多少确定胜负) 2  a position in this game in which a direct shot at a permitted ball is impossible 陷入困境(指处于无法直接击球的位置) ●v. tr.  1 (also 亦作 refl.)  subject (oneself or another player) to a snooker 使(自己或其他玩家)陷入困境 2 (esp. as 尤作 snookered adj.) colloq.  defeat; thwart [口]打败；挫败 [19th c.: origin unknown]

snoop /snu:p/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  1  pry into matters one need not be concerned with 窥探，窥视 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  investigate in order to find out transgressions of the law etc. (为查出违法行为等而)调查 ●n.  1  an act of snooping 窥探，窥视 2  a person who snoops; a detective 调查人；侦探 □ snooper  n.  □ snoopy  adj.   [Dutch snœpen ‘eat on the sly’]

snooperscope /ˈsnu:pəskəʊp/ n.  a device which converts infra-red radiation into a visible image, esp. used for seeing in the dark (尤用于黑暗中进行探测的)红外线夜望镜

snoot /snu:t/ n. colloq.  the nose [口]鼻子 [variant of SNOUT]

snooty /ˈsnu:ti/ adj. (snootier, snootiest) colloq.  supercilious; conceited [口]自大的，傲慢的 □ snootily  adv.  □ snootiness  n.   [from SNOOT; cf. SNOTTY]

snooze /snu:z/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a short sleep, esp. in the daytime (尤指白天的)小睡，打盹 ●v. intr.  take a snooze 打盹，小睡 □ snoozer  n.  □ snoozy  adj. (snoozier, snooziest)   [18th-c. slang: origin unknown]

snore /snɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a snorting or grunting sound in breathing during sleep 打鼾；鼾声 ●v. intr.  make this sound 打鼾，打呼噜 □ snore away   pass (time) sleeping or snoring 鼾睡度过(时间)□ snorer  n.   [Middle English, probably imitative: cf. SNORT]

snorkel /ˈsnɔ:k(ə)l/ n. & v. (also 亦作 schnorkel /ˈʃnɔ:-/) ●n.  1  a breathing tube for an underwater swimmer (潜水者使用的)水下呼吸管 2  a device for supplying air to a submerged submarine (潜水艇的)通气管 3 (作 Snorkel) propr.  a type of hydraulically elevated platform for fire-fighting [商标] (救火用的)液压起重机，水力提升平台 ●v. intr. (snorkelled, snorkelling; US [美] snorkeled, snorkeling)  use a snorkel (潜水者)使用水下呼吸管潜水；(潜水艇)使用水下通气管潜航 □ snorkeller  n.   [German Schnorchel]

snort /snɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an explosive sound made by the sudden forcing of breath through the nose, esp. expressing indignation or incredulity (尤指表示愤怒或怀疑时)哼鼻子，喷鼻息 2  a similar sound made by an engine etc. (发动机等)喷气声 3 colloq.  a small drink of liquor [口]一小口酒 4 slang  an inhaled dose of a (usu. illegal) powdered drug [俚语] (通常非法的)一次吸入的粉末状毒品 ●v.  1 intr.  make a snort 哼鼻子，喷鼻息 2 intr. (of an engine etc.) make a sound resembling this (发动机等)发出呼哧呼哧的喷气声 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) slang  inhale (a usu. illegal narcotic drug, esp. cocaine or heroin) [俚语]吸入(通常为非法的麻醉药，尤指可卡因或海洛因) 4 tr.  express (defiance etc.) by snorting (表示轻蔑等)哼鼻子，喷鼻息 □ snort out   express (words, emotions, etc.) by snorting 哼着鼻子说，哼着鼻子表达 [Middle English, probably imitative: cf. SNORE]

snorter /ˈsnɔ:tə/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  something very impressive or difficult 印象深刻的事物；极其困难的事情 2  something vigorous or violent 活泼繁茂的事物；极其猛烈的事物

snot /snɒt/ n. slang [俚语]  1  nasal mucus 鼻涕 2  a term of contempt for a person 卑贱的人 [probably from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German snotte, Middle High German snuz, related to SNOUT]

snot-rag n. slang  a handkerchief [俚语]手绢，手帕

snotty /ˈsnɒti/ adj. (snottier, snottiest) slang [俚语]  1  running or foul with nasal mucus 流鼻涕的 2  contemptible 卑劣的 3  supercilious, conceited 傲慢的，自负的 □ snottily  adv.  □ snottiness  n.  

snout /snaʊt/ n.  1  the projecting nose and mouth of an animal (动物的)口鼻部 2 derog.  a person's nose [贬] (人的)鼻子 3  the pointed front of a thing; a nozzle (某物的)突出部分；喷嘴 4 Brit. slang  tobacco or a cigarette [英] [俚语]烟草；香烟 5 slang  an informer [俚语]告密者 □ snouted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ snouty  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German snūt]

snout-beetle n.  a weevil 象鼻虫

snow /snəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  atmospheric water vapour frozen into ice crystals and falling to earth in light white flakes 雪 2  a fall of this, or a layer of it on the ground 降雪 3  a  a thing resembling snow in whiteness or texture etc. (白度或质地等)像雪的东西b  a frozen vapour resembling snow 雪似的冰冻蒸气  carbon dioxide snow  干冰雪 4  a mass of flickering white spots on a television or radar screen, caused by interference or a poor signal (由于干扰或信号不好在电视、雷达屏幕上出现的)雪花点 5 slang  cocaine [俚语]可卡因 6  a dessert or other dish resembling snow 雪花状糕点 ●v.  1 intr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  snow falls 下雪  it is snowing  正在下雪 if it snows  如果下雪 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, over, up, etc.)  confine or block with large quantities of snow 用雪封住，用雪覆盖 3 tr. & intr.  sprinkle or scatter or fall as or like snow 雪片般播撒；雪片般降落 4 intr.  come in large numbers or quantities 大量涌入，雪片般涌来 5 tr. US slang  deceive or charm with plausible words [美] [俚语] (用花言巧语)蒙骗 □ be snowed under   be overwhelmed, esp. with work 忙得不可开交；(尤指)被(工作)压得喘不过气来□ snowless  adj.  □ snowlike  adj.   [Old English snɑˉw, from Germanic]

snowball /ˈsnəʊbɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  snow pressed together into a ball, esp. for throwing in play (尤指为打雪仗滚的)雪球 2  anything that grows or increases rapidly like a snowball rolled on snow (滚雪球似地)迅速增大的东西 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  throw or pelt with snowballs 打雪仗 2 intr.  increase rapidly (滚雪球般地)迅速增长

snowball tree n.  a guelder rose 荚蒾属植物

snowberry /ˈsnəʊb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various shrubs with white berries, esp. the ornamental Symphoricarpos albus 雪果，白浆果(一种结白色浆果的灌木)

snow-blind adj.  temporarily blinded by the glare of light reflected by large expanses of snow 雪盲的 □ snow-blindness  n.  

snow-blink n.  the reflection in the sky of snow or ice fields 雪照云光(雪原或冰原反射到天空中的景象)

snowblower /ˈsnəʊbləʊə/ n.  a machine that clears snow by blowing it to the side of the road etc. (将雪吹至路旁等的)扫雪机

snowboard /ˈsnəʊbɔ:d/ n.  a wide ski used for sliding downhill on snow 滑雪板 □ snowboarder  n.  □ snowboarding  n.  

snow boot n. Brit.  an overboot of rubber and cloth [英] (用橡胶和布制作的)高筒套靴

snowbound /ˈsnəʊbaʊnd/ adj.  prevented by snow from going out or travelling 被雪困住的

snow-broth n.  melted or melting snow 雪水；融雪

snow bunting n.  a mainly white bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis 雪鹀

snowcap /ˈsnəʊkæp/ n.  1  the tip of a mountain when covered with snow (山的)雪顶，雪冠 2  a white-crowned hummingbird, Microchera albocoronata, native to Central America (产于中美洲的)白头蜂鸟 □ snow-capped  adj.  

snowdrift /ˈsnəʊdrift/ n.  a bank of snow heaped up by the action of the wind (被风吹在一起的)雪堆

snowdrop /ˈsnəʊdrɒp/ n.  a bulbous plant, Galanthus nivalis, with white drooping flowers in the early spring 雪花莲(一种鳞茎状植物，在早春时节开白色垂花)

snowfall /ˈsnəʊfɔ:l/ n.  1  a fall of snow 下雪，降雪 2 Meteorol.  the amount of snow that falls on one occasion or on a given area within a given time 【气】降雪量

snowfield /ˈsnəʊfi:ld/ n.  a permanent wide expanse of snow in mountainous or polar regions (山区或极地终年积雪的)雪原，雪野

snowflake /ˈsnəʊfleik/ n.  1  a flake of snow, esp. a feathery ice crystal, often displaying delicate sixfold symmetry 雪花，雪片 2  a  any bulbous plant of the genus Leucojum, with snowdrop-like flowers 雪片莲b  the white flower of this plant 雪片莲花

snow goose n.  a white Arctic goose, Anser caerulescens, with black-tipped wings 雪雁(生长在北极的一种白色野雁，翅膀顶端呈黑色)

snow-ice n.  opaque white ice formed from melted snow (融雪形成的)雪冰

snow leopard n.  = OUNCE2 

snowline /ˈsnəʊlain/ n.  the level above which snow never melts entirely 雪线(积雪永不融化的海拔高度)

snowmaking /ˈsnəʊmeikiŋ/ n.  the production of artificial snow 人工造雪 often 常作 attrib.: snowmaking machine  人工造雪机

snowman /ˈsnəʊmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a figure resembling a man, made of compressed snow (用雪堆成的)雪人

snowmobile /ˈsnəʊməbi:l/ n.  a motor vehicle, esp. with runners or caterpillar tracks, for travelling over snow (尤指装有滑轮或履带的)摩托雪橇，雪地机动车

snow owl n. US [美]  = SNOWY OWL 

snow partridge n.  a mainly white partridge, Lerwa lerwa 白鹧鸪

snow pea n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = MANGETOUT 

snowplough /ˈsnəʊplaʊ/ n. (US [美] snowplow)  1  a device, or a vehicle equipped with one, for clearing roads of thick snow 雪犁，扫雪机 2 Skiing  an act of turning the points of the skis inwards to slow down 【滑雪】滑雪板犁式制动

snowscape /ˈsnəʊskeip/ n.  1  a snowy landscape 雪景 2  a picture of this 雪景画

snowshoe /ˈsnəʊʃu:/ n. & v. ●n.  a flat device like a racket attached to a boot for walking on snow without sinking in (用于在雪地上行走的)雪鞋 ●v. intr.  travel on snowshoes 穿雪鞋行走 □ snowshoer  n.  

snowshoe hare n. (also 亦作 snowshoe rabbit)  a N. American hare, Lepus americanus, with large hind feet and a white coat in winter 美洲兔，雪兔(后脚粗大，冬季会换上白色皮毛)

snow-slip n. Brit.  an avalanche [英]雪崩

snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔ:m/ n.  a heavy fall of snow, esp. with a high wind (尤指伴有疾风的)雪暴，暴风雪

snow white n. & adj. ●n.  a pure white colour 雪白 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 雪白色的

snowy /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. (snowier, snowiest)  1  a  of or like snow 雪的；雪般的b  pure white 雪白的 2 (of the weather etc.) with much snow (指天气等)多雪的 □ snowily  adv.  □ snowiness  n.  

snowy owl n.  a large white owl, Nyctea scandiaca, native to the Arctic 雪鸮(产于北极的一种大型白色猫头鹰)

SNP abbr.  Scottish National Party [缩略]苏格兰国民党

Snr. abbr. [缩略]  Senior 

snub /snʌb/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. (snubbed, snubbing)  1  rebuff or humiliate with sharp words or a marked lack of cordiality 斥责；冷落，怠慢 2  check the movement of (a boat, horse, etc.), esp. by a rope wound round a post etc. (尤指勒住缆索)停住(船、马等) ●n.  an act of snubbing; a rebuff 斥责；冷落，怠慢 ●adj.  short and blunt in shape (形状)短而扁的 □ snubber  n.  □ snubbingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old Norse snubba ‘chide, check the growth of’]

snub nose n.  a short turned-up nose 短平的翘鼻子 □ sub-nosed  adj.  

snuck colloq. [口] past and past part.  of SNEAK 

snuff1 /snʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  the charred part of a candle-wick 烛花，灯花 ●v. tr.  trim the snuff from (a candle) (给蜡烛)剪烛花，剪灯花 □ snuff it  Brit. slang  die [英] [俚语]死□ snuff out   1  extinguish, put out (a candle etc.) 弄熄，吹熄(蜡烛等) 2 slang  kill; put an end to [俚语]扼杀，消灭；结束 [Middle English snoffe, snuffe: origin unknown]

snuff2 /snʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  powdered tobacco or medicine taken by sniffing it up the nostrils 鼻烟；鼻吸药 ●v. intr.  take snuff 吸鼻烟；吸鼻药 □ up to snuff  colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  knowing; not easily deceived [英]精明的；不易受骗的 2  up to standard 符合标准的 [Dutch snuf (tabak ‘tobacco’) from Middle Dutch snuffen ‘snuffle’]

snuffbox /ˈsnʌfbɒks/ n.  a small usu. ornamental box for holding snuff (通常为装饰性的)鼻烟盒

snuff-coloured adj.  of a dark yellowish-brown colour 鼻烟色的，黄褐色的

snuffer /ˈsnʌfə/ n.  1  a small hollow cone with a handle used to extinguish a candle (熄灭蜡烛用的)熄烛罩 2 (in pl. 用复数)  an implement like scissors used to extinguish a candle or trim its wick (用于熄灭蜡烛或剪烛花的)烛花剪刀

snuffle /ˈsnʌf(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make sniffing sounds 抽鼻子 2  a intr.  speak nasally, whiningly, or like one with a cold 带鼻音说b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  say in this way 带鼻音说 3 intr.  breathe noisily as through a partially blocked nose (鼻塞时)急促地呼吸 4 intr.  sniff 嗅，闻 ●n.  1  a snuffling sound or tone 抽鼻声；鼻音 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a partial blockage of the nose causing snuffling 鼻塞 3  a sniff 抽鼻子 □ snuffler  n.  □ snuffly  adj.   [probably from Low German & Dutch snuffelen (as SNUFF2): cf. SNIVEL]

snuff movie n. (also 亦作 snuff video etc.) slang  a pornographic film depicting an actual murder [俚语] (描写真实谋杀的)色情影片

snuffy1 /ˈsnʌfi/ adj. (snuffier, snuffiest)  1  annoyed 生气的，烦恼的 2  irritable 易怒的，急躁的 3  supercilious or contemptuous 傲慢的；目空一切的 [SNUFF1 + -Y1]

snuffy2 /ˈsnʌfi/ adj.  like snuff in colour or substance 鼻烟色的；鼻烟似的 [SNUFF2 + -Y2]

snug /snʌɡ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (snugger, snuggest)  1  a  cosy, comfortable, sheltered; well enclosed or placed or arranged 温暖舒适的；小巧整洁的b  cosily protected from the weather or cold 不受寒冷侵袭的 2 (of an income etc.) allowing comfort and comparative ease (收入等)小康水平的 ●n. Brit.  a small room in a pub or inn [英] (酒吧或客栈的)小房间 □ snugly  adv.  □ snugness  n.   [16th c. (originally nautical): probably of Low German or Dutch origin]

snuggery /ˈsnʌɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1  a snug place, esp. a person's private room or den 温暖舒适的地方；(尤指)舒适的私人房间 2  = SNUGn. 

snuggle /ˈsnʌɡ(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, up, together)  settle or draw into a warm comfortable position (舒适地)蜷伏，偎依 [SNUG + -LE4]

So. abbr. [缩略]  South 

so1 /səʊ/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  to such an extent, or to the extent implied (表示程度)这么，那么，如此  why are you so angry?  你为什么那么生气？ do stop complaining so  不要那样抱怨了 they were so pleased that they gave us a bonus  他们是那么满意，因此给了我们一笔奖金 2 (with neg. 与否定词连用 ; often foll. by 常后跟 as + clause)  to the extent to which ... is or does etc., or to the extent implied 那么；如此  was not so late as I expected  不像我想像的那么晚 am not so eager as you  不像你那么迫切 3 (foll. by 后跟 that or as + clause)  to the degree or in the manner implied (表示程度、方式或方法)这么，那么，如此  so expensive that few can afford it  如此昂贵以致没什么人能买得起 so small as to be invisible  那么小以致看不见 am not so foolish as to agree to that  我不会蠢到同意那件事 4 (adding emphasis 增强语气)  to that extent; in that or a similar manner 同样，也  I want to leave and so does she  我想离开，她也想离开 you said it was good, and so it is  你说它好，它确实好 5  to a great or notable degree 十分，非常  I am so glad  我非常高兴 6 (with verbs of state 与表示状态的动词连用)  in the way described 如此，如是  am not very fond of it but may become so  我现在不太喜欢它，但以后可能会喜欢的 7 (with verb of saying or thinking etc.) as previously mentioned or described (与“说”或“想”等有关的动词连用)如此，这么  I think so  我也这么想 so he said  他也这么说过 so I should hope  我倒希望如此 ●conj. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1  with the result that 因此，所以，结果是  there was none left, so we had to go without  什么东西也没剩下，所以我们只好挨饿 2  in order that 为了，以便  came home early so that I could see you  我提早回家是为了能见到你 3  and then; as the next step 接着，随后  so then the car broke down  接着汽车抛锚了 and so to bed  随后就上床睡觉了 4  a (introducing a question 引出问句)  then; after that 然后；后来  so what did you tell them?  后来你告诉他们什么了？b (absol. [含宾])  = so what?  □ and so on (or forth)   1  and others of the same kind 等等 2  and in other similar ways 以此类推□ so as  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  in order to 为了，以便  did it so as to get it finished  做下去以便把它完成□ so be it   an expression of acceptance or resignation 就那样吧，不管啦(表示接受或听任)□ so far   see 见 FAR □ so far as   see 见 FAR □ so far so good   see 见 FAR □ so long!  colloq.  goodbye till we meet again [口]再见□ so long as   see 见 LONG1 □ so much   1  a certain amount (of) 这么多，那么多 2  a great deal of 很多  is so much nonsense  多半是胡说八道 3 (with neg. 与否定词连用)  a  less than; to a lesser extent 少于，不如  not so much forgotten as ignored  与其说忘记了不如说忽视了b  not even 甚至…不  didn't give me so much as a penny  甚至连一个便士也不给我□ so much for   that is all that need be done or said about …到此为止，…就是这些□ so so ● adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  indifferent; not very good 平常的，一般的 ●adv.  indifferently; only moderately well 平常地，一般地□ so to say (or speak)   an expression of reserve or apology for an exaggeration or neologism etc. 可以说，可谓(表示有所保留或对使用夸张或新词等用法表示歉意)□ so what?  colloq.  why should that be considered significant? [口]那有什么了不起？；那又怎样呢？ [Old English swɑˉ etc.]

so2 var.  of SOH  SOH 的变体

-so /səʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  = -SOEVER 

soak /səʊk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become thoroughly wet through saturation with or in liquid 浸，泡 2 tr. (of rain etc.) drench (雨等)浸透，湿透 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, up)  a  absorb (liquid) 吸收(液体)b  acquire (knowledge etc.) copiously 汲取(知识等) 4 refl. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  steep (oneself) in a subject of study etc. 沉浸在(学习等中) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into, through) (of liquid) make its way or penetrate by saturation (液体)渗透，渗入 6 tr. colloq.  extract money from by an extortionate charge, taxation, etc. [口] (通过收过高费用、加税等)向…敲竹杠，敲诈  soak the rich  向有钱人敲竹杠 7 intr. colloq.  drink persistently; booze [口]豪饮，狂饮 8 tr. (as 作 soaked adj.)  very drunk 烂醉如泥的 ●n.  1  the act of soaking or the state of being soaked 浸，泡；浸湿，浸透 2  a drinking bout 豪饮，狂饮 3 colloq.  a hard drinker [口]酒鬼，醉汉 □ soakage  n.  □ soaker  n.   [Old English socian, related to soc ‘sucking at the breast’, sūcan SUCK]

soakaway /ˈsəʊkəwei/ n. Brit.  an arrangement for disposing of waste water by letting it percolate through the soil [英]污水渗透坑

soaking /ˈsəʊkiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (in full 全形 soaking wet)  very wet; wet through 浸透的，湿透的 ●n.  the act of soaking; an instance of being soaked 湿透，浸透

so-and-so /ˈsəʊənsəʊ/ n. (pl. so-and-sos)  1  a particular person or thing not needing to be specified 某某人；某某事  told me to do so-and-so  告诉我做某某事 2 colloq.  a person disliked or regarded with disfavour [口]那个讨厌的人  the so-and-so left me behind  那讨厌的人把我留了下来

soap /səʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cleansing agent that is a compound of fatty acid with soda or potash or (insoluble soap) with another metallic oxide, of which the soluble kinds when rubbed in water yield a lather used in washing 肥皂；皂 2 colloq. [口]  = SOAP OPERA  ●v. tr.  1  apply soap to 在…上抹肥皂 2  scrub or rub with soap 用肥皂擦洗 □ soapless  adj.   [Old English sɑˉpe, from West Germanic]

soapbark /ˈsəʊpbɑ:k/ n.  1  a tree bark containing saponin 皂树皮(含有皂角苷的一种树皮) 2  a tree that yields such bark, esp. Quillaja saponaria, of Chile (尤指产于智利的)皂树

soapberry /ˈsəʊpberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a tree or shrub with fruits containing saponin, esp. one of the genus Sapindus of tropical America and Asia (尤指产于美洲和亚洲热带地区的)无患子(一种结含皂角苷果实的树或灌木)

soapbox /ˈsəʊpbɒks/ n.  1  a box for holding soap 肥皂盒 2  a makeshift stand for a public speaker (作即兴演说用的)临时演讲台

soap flakes n. pl.  soap in the form of thin flakes, for washing clothes etc. 肥皂片

soap opera n.  a broadcast drama, usu. serialized in many episodes, dealing with esp. domestic themes (so called because originally sponsored in the US by soap manufacturers) 肥皂剧(通常分多集播出的连续剧，尤以家庭生活为题材，最早是由美国肥皂制造商赞助播出，故得此名)

soap powder n.  powdered soap esp. with additives (尤指加了添加剂的)肥皂粉

soapstone /ˈsəʊpstəʊn/ n.  steatite 皂石

soapsuds /ˈsəʊpsʌdz/ n. pl.  = SUDS 1 

soapwort /ˈsəʊpwɜ:t/ n.  a European plant, Saponaria officinalis, with pink or white flowers, and leaves yielding a soapy substance 肥皂草(产于欧洲的一种植物，开粉色或白色花，叶子可提取一种类似肥皂的物质)

soapy /ˈsəʊpi/ adj. (soapier, soapiest)  1  of or like soap 肥皂的；肥皂状的 2  containing or smeared with soap 含有肥皂的；沾满肥皂的 3 (of a person or manner) unctuous or flattering (人或行为)油滑的；谄媚的 □ soapily  adv.  □ soapiness  n.  

soar /sɔ:/ v. intr.  1  fly or rise high 高飞，翱翔 2  reach a high level or standard 骤升，飞涨，猛增  prices soared  物价飞涨 3  maintain height in the air without flapping the wings or using power (翼不动或不用动力地)滑翔 □ soarer  n.  □ soaringly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French essorer, ultimately from Latin (as EX-1, aura ‘breeze’)]

sob /sɒb/ v. & n. ●v. (sobbed, sobbing)  1 intr.  a  draw breath in convulsive gasps when weeping or from distress, physical exhaustion, etc. 抽噎，啜泣b  weep in this way 哽咽，呜咽 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  utter with sobs 抽噎着说，哭诉 3 tr.  bring (oneself) to a specified state by sobbing 哭得使…  sobbed themselves to sleep  他们哭得睡着了 ●n.  a convulsive drawing of breath, esp. in weeping 抽噎，啜泣，哽咽，呜咽 □ sobbingly  adv.   [Middle English sobbe (probably imitative)]

sober /ˈsəʊbə/ adj. & v. ●adj. (soberer, soberest)  1  not under the influence of alcohol 未醉的，清醒的 2  not given to excessive drinking of alcohol 饮酒节制的，未过量饮酒的 3  moderate, well-balanced, tranquil, sedate 有节制的，适度的；平静的，稳重的 4  not fanciful or exaggerated 朴实的，不夸张的  the sober truth  未夸张的事实 5 (of a colour etc.) quiet and inconspicuous (颜色等)朴素的，素净的 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down, up)  make or become sober or less wild, reckless, enthusiastic, visionary, etc. 使(或变得)清醒(或有节制、平静、踏实等)  a sobering thought  清醒的想法 □ sober as a judge   completely sober 非常冷静的，非常清醒的□ soberingly  adv.  □ soberly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French sobre from Latin sobrius]

sobriety /səˈbraiəti/ n.  the state of being sober 清醒；节制；稳重 [Middle English from Old French sobrieté or Latin sobrietas (as SOBER)]

sobriquet /ˈsəʊbrikei/ n. (also 亦作 soubriquet /ˈsu:-/)  1  a nickname 诨名，绰号 2  an assumed name 假名，化名 [French, originally = ‘tap under the chin’, of unknown origin]

sob sister n. colloq. [口]  1  a female journalist writing sentimental reports or answering readers' problems 写伤感报道(或解答读者问题)的女记者 2  an actress who plays sentimental roles 扮演伤感角色的女演员

sob story n. colloq.  a story or explanation appealing mainly to the emotions [口]伤感故事(目的在于博得同情)

sob-stuff n. colloq.  sentimental talk or writing [口]伤感的诉说(或文字)

Soc. abbr. [缩略]  1  Socialist  2  Society 

soca /ˈsəʊkə/ n.  a kind of calypso music with elements of soul, originally from Trinidad (源于特立尼达的带有道义成分的)加力索即兴音乐 [SOUL + CALYPSO]

socage /ˈsɒkidʒ/ n. (also 亦作 soccage) hist.  a feudal tenure of land involving payment of rent or other non-military service to a superior [史义] (佃户不对领主服兵役，只缴地租或服其他劳役的)无兵役租佃(制) [Middle English via Anglo-French socage, from soc, from Old English sōcn SOKE]

so-called adj.  commonly designated or known as, often incorrectly 所谓的；号称的

soccer /ˈsɒkə/ n.  Association football 英式足球 [ASSOC. + -ER3]

sociable /ˈsəʊʃəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  fitted for or liking the society of other people; ready and willing to talk and act with others 适宜交际的；爱交际的；合群的 2 (of a person's manner or behaviour etc.) friendly (人的行为或举止等)友善的 3 (of a meeting etc.) marked by friendliness, not stiff or formal (会议等)气氛友好的 ●n.  1  an open carriage with facing side seats 对座敞篷马车 2 esp. Brit.  an S-shaped couch for two occupants partly facing each other [尤英] (两人座的) S 形椅子 3 US  a social [美]联欢会，联谊会 □ sociability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ sociableness  n.  □ sociably  adv.   [French sociable or Latin sociabilis, via sociare ‘to unite’ from socius ‘companion’]

social /ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to society or its organization 社会的，有关社会的 2  concerned with the mutual relations of human beings or of classes of human beings 社交的；社会阶层的 3  living in organized communities; unfitted for a solitary life 过社会生活的；社会性的  man is a social animal  人是社会性的动物 4  a  needing companionship; gregarious, interdependent 合群的；好交际的b  cooperative; practising the division of labour 合作的；有分工的 5  existing only as a member of a compound organism 群居的 6  a (of insects) living together in organized communities (昆虫)群居的b (of animals or birds) breeding or nesting near each other in communities (哺乳动物或鸟)群居的 7 (of plants) growing thickly together and monopolizing the ground they grow on (植物)群集的 ●n.  a social gathering, esp. one organized by a club, congregation, etc. (尤指俱乐部、教堂会众等主办的)联谊会，社交聚会 □ sociality  /səʊʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ socially  adv.   [French social or Latin socialis ‘allied’, from socius ‘friend’]

social anthropology n.  the comparative study of peoples through their culture and kinship systems 社会人类学(对人类不同种族的文化和亲属体系进行比较研究的一门学科)

social climber n. derog.  a person anxious to gain a higher social status [贬]急于获得更高社会地位的人，削尖脑袋向上爬的人；攀龙附凤者

social conscience n.  a sense of responsibility or concern for the problems and injustices of society 社会责任感(对社会问题和不公正的现象关心负责的态度)

social contract n. (also 亦作 social compact)  an agreement to cooperate for social benefits, e.g. by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection 社会契约(为了社会利益而合作的契约，如为保护国家牺牲部分个人自由等)

social credit n.  the economic theory that the profits of industry should be distributed to the general public 社会信贷说(主张产业利润应分配给全社会的经济学说)

social democracy n.  a socialist system achieved by democratic means 社会民主主义(指通过民主方式建立的一个社会体制) □ social democrat  n.  

social engineering n.  the use of sociological principles in approaching social problems 社会工程(处理社会问题时运用社会学原则的一门学科)

socialism /ˈsəʊʃəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the community as a whole should own and control the means of production, distribution, and exchange 社会主义(主张社会应作为一个整体拥有生产资料并控制其分配和交换) 2  policy or practice based on this theory 社会主义制度 □ socialist  n. & adj.  □ socialistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ socialistically  /-ˈlistikəli/ adv.   [French socialisme (as SOCIAL)]

socialite /ˈsəʊʃəlait/ n.  a person prominent in fashionable society 上流社会的名人；社会名流

socialize /ˈsəʊʃəlaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  act in a sociable manner; mix socially with others 交往；交际 2 tr.  make social 使社会化；使合群 3 tr.  organize on socialistic principles 使社会主义化 □ socialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

socialized medicine /ˈsəʊʃəlaizd/ n. US often derog.  the provision of medical services for all from public funds [美] [常贬]社会福利医疗(制)

social order n.  the network of human relationships in society 社会秩序

social realism n.  the realistic depiction of social conditions or political views in art 社会现实主义

social science n.  1  the scientific study of human society and social relationships 社会科学 2  a branch of this (e.g. politics or economics) 社会科学学科(如政治学或经济学) □ social scientist  n.  

social secretary n.  a person who makes arrangements for the social activities of a person or organization (个人或公司负责安排社交活动的)社交秘书

social security n.  State assistance to those lacking in economic security and welfare, e.g. the aged and Brit. the unemployed (对老年人、(英国)对失业人员等的)社会保障(制度)

social service n.  1  philanthropic activity 慈善公益活动 2 (in pl. 用复数)  services provided by the state for the community, esp. education, health, and housing 社会福利事业(尤指国家提供的教育、医疗和住房服务)

social war n.  a war fought between allies 同盟国间的战争

social work n.  work of benefit to those in need of help or welfare, esp. done by specially trained personnel 社会福利工作(尤指由专门培训的人员提供的慈善公益事业) □ social worker  n.  

society /səˈsaiiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the sum of human conditions and activity regarded as a whole functioning interdependently (总称)社会 2  a social community (某个)社会  all societies must have firm laws  所有社会都必须拥有严明的法律 3  a  a social mode of life 社会生活方式b  the customs and organization of an ordered community 社会习俗和组织 4 Ecol.  a plant or animal community 【态】群居；群集 5  a  the socially advantaged or prominent members of a community 社会名流，名人圈子  society would not approve  社会名流们不会赞成b  this, or a part of it, qualified in some way 上层社会  is not done in polite society  在上流社会中是不做的 6  participation in hospitality; other people's homes or company 交际，交往；相处  avoids society  避免交往 7  companionship, company 相伴，陪伴；朋友，同伴  avoids the society of such people  避免与这类人结交 8  an association of persons united by a common aim or interest or principle 社团；协会  formed a music society  组建了一个音乐协会 □ societal  adj. (esp. in sense 1 尤用于释义 1)  □ societally  adv.   [French société from Latin societas -tatis, from socius ‘companion’]

Society of Friends  see 见 QUAKER 

Society of Jesus  see 见 JESUIT 

socio- /ˈsəʊsiəʊ, ˈsəʊʃiəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  of society (and) 社会的 2  of or relating to sociology (and) 社会学的；有关社会学的 [Latin socius ‘companion’]

sociobiology /ˌsəʊsiəʊbaiˈɒlədʒi, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ n.  the scientific study of the biological aspects of social behaviour in animals and humans 社会生物学(对动物和人的社会行为的生物学因素进行研究的一门学科) □ sociobiological  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sociobiologically  /-baiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ sociobiologist  n.  

sociocultural /ˌsəʊsiəʊˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ adj.  combining social and cultural factors 社会文化的 □ socioculturally  adv.  

socio-economic /ˌsəʊsiəʊi:kəˈnɒmik, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ adj.  relating to or concerned with the interaction of social and economic factors 社会经济的 □ socio-economically  adv.  

sociolinguistic /ˌsəʊsiəʊliŋˈɡwistik, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ adj.  relating to or concerned with language in its social aspects 社会语言学的 □ sociolinguist  n.  □ sociolinguistically  adv.  

sociolinguistics /ˌsəʊsiəʊliŋˈɡwistiks, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ n.  the study of language in relation to social factors 社会语言学(对语言的社会因素进行研究的一门学科)

sociology /səʊsiˈɒlədʒi, səʊʃi-/ n.  1  the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society 社会学(研究人类社会的发展、结构和功能的一门学科) 2  the study of social problems 社会问题研究 □ sociological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sociologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ sociologist  n.   [French sociologie (as SOCIO-, -LOGY)]

sociometry /səʊsiˈɒmitri, səʊʃi-/ n.  the study of relationships within a group of people 社会关系测量学 □ sociometric  /-əˈmetrik/ adj.  □ sociometrically  /-əˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ sociometrist  n.  

socio-political /ˌsəʊsiəʊpəˈlitik(ə)l, ˌsəʊʃiəʊ-/ adj.  combining social and political factors 社会政治的

sock1 /sɒk/ n. (pl. socks or Commerce 【商业】 sox /sɒks/)  1  a short knitted covering for the foot, usu. not reaching the knee 短袜 2  a removable inner sole put into a shoe for warmth etc. (用于保暖等的)鞋内衬垫 3  an ancient Greek or Roman comic actor's light shoe (古希腊或古罗马喜剧演员穿的)轻便软鞋 4  comic drama 喜剧 □ knock (or blow) one's socks off   astound, amaze 震惊，惊讶□ pull one's socks up  colloq.  make an effort to improve [口]努力改进；努力提高□ put a sock in it  colloq.  be quiet [口]安静，不出声 [Old English socc via Latin soccus ‘comic actor's shoe, light low-heeled slipper’, from Greek sukkhos]

sock2 /sɒk/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr.  hit (esp. a person) forcefully 猛击(尤指人) ●n.  1  a hard blow 猛击，重击 2 US  the power to deliver a blow [美]击打的力量 □ sock it to   attack or address (a person) vigorously 猛烈攻击某人；痛斥某人 [17th c.: origin unknown]

socket /ˈsɒkit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a natural or artificial hollow for something to fit into or stand firm or revolve in 窝，孔，洞，槽 2 Electr.  a device receiving a plug, light bulb, etc., to make a connection 【电】(插头、灯泡等的)插座，插口 3 Golf  the part of an iron club into which the shaft is fitted 【高尔夫球】(插球杆的)球棒承口 ●v. tr. (socketed, socketing)  1  place in or fit with a socket 安装插座；给…配插座 2 Brit. Golf  hit (a ball) with the socket of a club [英]【高尔夫球】用球棒承口部位击(球) [Middle English from Anglo-French, diminutive of Old French soc ‘ploughshare’, probably of Celtic origin]

sockeye /ˈsɒkai/ n.  a blue-backed salmon of Alaska etc., Oncorhynchus nerka 红大马哈鱼(产于阿拉斯加等地的一种背部为蓝色的鲑鱼) [Salish sukai ‘fish of fishes’]

socle /ˈsəʊk(ə)l, ˈsɒk-/ n. Archit.  a plain low block or plinth serving as a support for a column, urn, statue, etc., or as the foundation of a wall 【建】(石柱、瓮、雕像等的)座石，柱脚 [French from Italian zoccolo, originally ‘wooden shoe’, from Latin socculus, from soccus SOCK1]

Socratic /səˈkrætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Greek philosopher Socrates (d. 399 BC) or his philosophy, esp. the method associated with him of seeking the truth by a series of questions and answers (公元前 399 年去世的希腊哲学家)苏格拉底的；苏格拉底哲学(尤指苏格拉底式通过一系列问答寻求真理的方法)的 ●n.  a follower of Socrates 苏格拉底的信徒 □ Socratically  adv.   [Latin Socraticus from Greek Sōkratikos, from Sōkratēs]

Socratic elenchus n.  an attempted refutation of an opponent's position by short question and answer 苏格拉底诘问论证法

Socratic irony n.  a pose of ignorance assumed in order to entice others into making statements that can then be challenged 苏格拉底式的佯作无知(为诱使他人做出具有挑战性的陈述而假装无知)

sod1 /sɒd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  turf or a piece of turf 草皮，草地 2  the surface of the ground 地表，地皮 ●v. tr. (sodded, sodding)  cover (the ground) with sods 铺草皮，用草皮覆盖 □ under the sod   in the grave 在坟墓里 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German sode, of unknown origin]

sod2 /sɒd/ n. & v. esp. Brit. coarse slang [尤英] [粗俗俚语] ●n.  1  an unpleasant or awkward person or thing 讨厌的人，蠢笨的人；讨厌的事 2  a person of a specified kind; a fellow 家伙  the lucky sod  幸运的家伙 ●v. tr. (sodded, sodding)  1 (often absol. [常含宾] or as 作 int.)  an exclamation of annoyance 该死！真糟糕！ (表示恼火)  sod them, I don't care!  他们活该，我才不在乎呢！ 2 (as 作 sodding adj.)  a general term of contempt 该死的(表示轻蔑) □ sod off   go away 滚开，滚蛋 [abbreviation of SODOMITE]

soda /ˈsəʊdə/ n.  1  any of various compounds of sodium in common use 苏打，碳酸钠  washing soda  洗涤碱 caustic soda  烧碱 2 (in full 全称 soda water)  water made effervescent by impregnation with carbon dioxide under pressure and used alone or with spirits etc. as a drink (originally made with sodium bicarbonate) 苏打水 3 esp. US  a sweet effervescent drink [尤美]汽水 [originally obtained from the ashes of glasswort etc.: medieval Latin, perhaps from sodanum ‘glasswort’ (used as a remedy for headaches) via soda ‘headache’ from Arabic sudɑˉˈ, from sadaˈ a ‘split’]

soda bread n.  bread leavened with baking soda 苏打面包

soda fountain n. esp. US [尤美]  1  a device supplying soda water or soft drinks 苏打水机；饮料机 2  a shop or counter featuring this, selling soft drinks, ice cream, etc. (卖软饮料、冰淇淋等的)饮料店；饮料柜台

soda lime n.  a mixture of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide (氧化钙和氢氧化钠混合制成的)碱石灰

sodality /səʊˈdæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  a confraternity or association, esp. a Roman Catholic religious guild or brotherhood (尤指罗马天主教的)慈善团体；兄弟会 [French sodalité or Latin sodalitas, from sodalis ‘comrade’]

soda syphon n.  a bottle from which carbonated water is dispensed by allowing the gas pressure to force it out 苏打水瓶，汽水瓶

soda water  see 见 SODA 2 

sodden /ˈsɒd(ə)n/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  saturated with liquid; soaked through 饱和的；浸透的，湿透的 2  rendered dazed or dull etc. with drunkenness (因醉酒而)迷糊的，迟钝的 3 (of bread etc.) doughy; heavy and moist (面包等)没有烤透的；黏糊糊的 ●v. intr. & tr.  become or make sodden (使)浸湿，(使)湿透；(使)迟钝；(使)迷糊 □ soddenly  adv.  □ soddenness  /ˈsɒd(ə)nnis/ n.   [archaic past part. of SEETHE]

sodium /ˈsəʊdiəm/ n. Chem.  a soft silver-white reactive metallic element, occurring naturally in soda, salt, etc., that is important in industry and is an essential element in living organisms (symbol 符 Na) 【化】(化学元素)钠 □ sodic  adj.   [SODA + -IUM]

sodium bicarbonate n.  a soluble white powder used in fire extinguishers and effervescent drinks and as a raising agent in baking (also called 亦称作 baking soda) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NaHCO3 碳酸氢钠，小苏打

sodium carbonate n.  a white powder with many commercial applications including the manufacture of soap and glass (also called 亦称作 washing soda) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : Na2CO3 碳酸钠

sodium chloride n.  a colourless crystalline compound occurring naturally in sea water and halite; common salt Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NaCl 氯化钠，食盐

sodium hydroxide n.  a deliquescent compound which is strongly alkaline and used in the manufacture of soap and paper (also called 亦称作 caustic soda) Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NaOH (用于肥皂和纸张生产的)氢氧化钠，烧碱

sodium nitrate n.  a white powdery compound used mainly in the manufacture of fertilizers Chem. formula 化学分子式 : NaNO3 (主要用于肥料生产的)硝酸钠

sodium-vapour lamp n. (also 亦作 sodium lamp)  a lamp using an electrical discharge in sodium vapour and giving a yellow light 钠汽灯

Sodom /ˈsɒdəm/ n.  a wicked or depraved place 罪恶之地 [Sodom, a city in ancient Palestine, destroyed for its wickedness (Gen. 18 － 19)]

sodomite /ˈsɒdəmait/ n.  a person who practises sodomy 鸡奸者 [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin Sodomita from Greek Sodomitēs ‘inhabitant of Sodom’, from Sodoma ‘Sodom’]

sodomy /ˈsɒdəmi/ n.  = BUGGERY  □ sodomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  对…进行鸡奸 [Middle English via medieval Latin sodomia from Late Latin peccatum Sodomiticum ‘sin of Sodom’: see SODOM]

Sod's Law n.  = MURPHY'S LAW 

soever /səʊˈevə/ adv. literary  of any kind; to any extent [文学用语]无论；不论，任何  how great soever it may be  无论它怎样伟大

-soever /səʊˈevə/ comb. form (added to relative pronouns, adverbs, and adjectives) of any kind; to any extent (whatsoever 无论什么 ; howsoever 无论怎样) [构词成分]无论

sofa /ˈsəʊfə/ n.  a long upholstered seat with a back and arms, for two or more people (长)沙发 [French, ultimately from Arabic suffa]

sofa bed n.  a sofa that can be converted into a bed, for usu. occasional use 沙发床(坐卧两用)

soffit /ˈsɒfit/ n.  the undersurface of an arch, a balcony, overhanging eaves, etc. (拱门、阳台、悬檐等的)拱腹，拱圈内面 [French soffite or Italian soffitta, -itto, ultimately from Latin suffixus (as SUFFIX)]

Sofia /ˈsəufiə/ n.  索非亚 [保加利亚首都]

S. of S. abbr.  Song of Songs (Old Testament) [缩略] 《雅歌》(《旧约》)

soft /sɒft/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of a substance, material, etc.) lacking hardness or firmness; yielding to pressure; easily cut (物质、材料等)软的，不硬的；不能承力的；易切割的 2 (of cloth etc.) having a smooth surface or texture; not rough or coarse (布等)光滑的；柔软的 3 (of air etc.) mellow, mild, balmy; not noticeably cold or hot (空气等)温和的，和缓的 4 (of water) free from mineral salts and therefore good for lathering (水)无矿盐的，易起泡沫的 5 (of a light or colour etc.) not brilliant or glaring (光或颜色等)柔和的，不耀眼的 6 (of a voice or sounds) gentle and pleasing (声音等)悦耳的，柔和的 7 Phonet. 【语音】  a (of a consonant) sibilant or palatal (as c in ice, g in age) (辅音)发咝音的；腭音的(如 ice 中的 c 和 age 中的 g)b  voiced or unaspirated 浊音的，不送气的 8 (of an outline etc.) not sharply defined (轮廓等)柔和的，模糊的 9 (of an action or manner etc.) gentle, conciliatory, complimentary; amorous (行为或举止等)温和的，宽厚的；温情的 10 (of the heart or feelings etc.) compassionate, sympathetic (心或感情等)富于同情心的，心肠软的 11 (of a person's character or attitude etc.) feeble, lenient, silly, sentimental (人的性格或态度等)软弱的；宽厚的；多愁善感的 12 colloq. (of a job etc.) easy [口] (工作等)容易的 13 (of drugs) mild; not likely to cause addiction (毒品)软性的；不易上瘾的 14 (of radiation) having little penetrating power (辐射)穿透力差的 15 (also 亦作 soft-core) (of pornography) suggestive or erotic but not explicit (色情)隐晦的 16 Stock Exch. (of currency, prices, etc.) likely to fall in value 【股】(货币、价格等)要下跌的，要贬值的 17 Polit.  moderate; willing to compromise 【政】温和的；愿意妥协的  the soft left  温和的左派 18  peaceful 平静的，宁静的  soft slumbers  平静的睡眠 19 Brit. (of the weather etc.) rainy or moist or thawing [英] (天气等)下雨的；潮湿的；融雪的 ●adv.  softly 轻柔地  play soft  轻柔地演奏 ●n.  a silly weak person 傻子，软蛋 □ be soft on  colloq. [口]  1  be lenient towards 对…宽厚，对…温和 2  be infatuated with 对…迷恋，对…钟情□ have a soft spot for   be fond of or affectionate towards (a person) 喜爱(某人)□ softish  adj.  □ softness  n.   [Old English sōfte ‘agreeable’, earlier sēfte, from West Germanic]

softa /ˈsɒftə/ n.  a Muslim student of sacred law and theology 研究神学及宗教法学的穆斯林学生 [Turkish from Persian sūkta ‘burnt, afire’]

soft answer n.  a good-tempered answer to abuse or an accusation (对辱骂或责备的)温和回应

softball /ˈsɒf(t)bɔ:l/ n.  1  a ball like a baseball but larger 垒球 2  a modified form of baseball using this 垒球(运动)

soft-boiled adj. (of an egg) lightly boiled leaving the yolk soft or liquid (鸡蛋)煮得半熟的，煮得有溏心儿的

soft-centred adj.  1 (of a sweet) having a soft filling or centre (糖)软质夹心的 2 (of a person) soft-hearted, sentimental (人)心肠软的；多愁善感的

soft coal n.  bituminous coal 烟煤

soft detergent n.  a biodegradable detergent (生物降解性的)软性洗涤剂

soft drink n.  a non-alcoholic drink 软饮料(指不含酒精的饮料)

soften /ˈsɒf(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become soft or softer (使)变软；(使)软化；(使)缓和 2 tr. (often foll. by 后跟 up)  a  reduce the strength of (defences) by bombing or some other preliminary attack (进攻前用猛烈轰炸等)削弱(防御能力)b  reduce the resistance of (a person) 削弱(某人的)反抗，瓦解(某人的)士气 □ softener  n.  

softening of the brain n.  a morbid degeneration of the brain, esp. in old age (尤指老年人的)脑软化

soft focus n. Photog.  the slight deliberate blurring of a picture 【摄】软焦点(指有意使照片有点模糊的摄影技巧)

soft fruit n. Brit.  small stoneless fruit (strawberry, currant, etc.) [英]无核小果(如草莓、醋栗等)

soft furnishings n. pl. Brit.  curtains, rugs, etc. [英]室内陈设品(如窗帘、地毯等)

soft goods n. pl. Brit.  textiles [英]纺织品

soft-headed adj.  feeble-minded 无主见的；意志薄弱的 □ soft-headedness  n.  

soft-hearted adj.  tender, compassionate; easily moved 温柔的；心肠软的；仁慈的 □ soft-heartedness  n.  

softie /ˈsɒfti/ n. (also 亦作 softy) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a weak or silly or soft-hearted person [口]柔弱的人；蠢人；心肠软的人

soft landing n.  a landing by a spacecraft without its suffering major damage (宇宙飞船不遭受严重损坏的)软着陆 □ soft-land  v. tr. & intr.  

softly /ˈsɒftli/ adv.  in a soft, gentle, or quiet manner 柔软地，轻柔地；温和地，温柔地

softly-softly attrib. adj. (of an approach or strategy) cautious; discreet and cunning (方法或策略)谨慎的；机智狡猾的

soft option n.  the easier alternative 避重就轻的选择

soft palate n.  the rear part of the palate 软腭

soft-paste adj.  denoting an ‘artificial’ porcelain containing glassy materials and fired at a comparatively low temperature 幼陶器，软质瓷(指含有玻璃、低温烧制的“人工”陶瓷)

soft pedal n. & v. ●n.  a pedal on a piano that makes the tone softer (钢琴的)弱音踏板 ●v. tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 on) intr. (作 soft-pedal) (-pedalled, pedalling; US [美] -pedaled, pedaling)  1  refrain from emphasizing; be restrained (about) 减弱，淡化 2 Mus.  play with the soft pedal down 【音】用弱音踏板弹奏

soft roe  see 见 ROE1 2 

soft sell n. & v. ●n.  restrained or subtly persuasive salesmanship 劝诱推销(术)，软销售(术) ●v. tr. (作 soft-sell) (past and past part., -sold)  sell by this method 劝诱销售，软销售

soft soap n. & v. ●n.  1  a semi-fluid soap, esp. one made with potassium not sodium salts (尤指用钾盐而非钠盐制成的)半液体皂 2 colloq.  persuasive flattery [口]劝诱式的奉承 ●v. tr. (作 soft-soap) colloq.  persuade (a person) with flattery [口]用奉承话劝诱(某人)

soft-spoken adj.  speaking with a gentle voice 柔声细气的

soft sugar n. Brit.  granulated or powdered sugar [英]砂糖；绵白糖

soft tack n. Brit.  bread or other good food (opp. 反义 HARD TACK) [英]面包(或其他好吃的食物)

soft target n.  a relatively vulnerable or unprotected target, esp. for military or terrorist attack 软靶子，软目标(尤指军事进攻或恐怖袭击中易遭打击或没有保护的目标)

soft tissues n. pl.  tissues of the body that are not bony or cartilaginous (身体的)软组织

soft-top n.  1  a motor vehicle roof that is soft and can be folded back (汽车的)折叠式帆布软顶篷 2  a vehicle having such a roof 软顶篷汽车

soft touch n. slang [俚语]  = EASY TOUCH 

software /ˈsɒf(t)wɛə/ n.  the programs and other operating information used by a computer (opp. 反义 HARDWARE 3) (计算机的)软件；程序系统

soft wicket n. Cricket  a wicket with moist or sodden turf 【板球】(用湿润或浸湿的草皮覆盖的)三柱门场地

softwood /ˈsɒf(t)wʊd/ n.  the wood of pine, spruce, or other conifers, easily sawn 软木材(指易于切割的松树、云杉等针叶木材)

softy var.  of SOFTIE  SOFTIE 的变体

SOGAT /ˈsəʊɡæt/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) Society of Graphical and Allied Trades (from 1982 officially called SOGAT, and from 1991 incorporated in the GPMU) [缩略] [史义] (英国)书画刻印及有关行业协会(自 1982 年起正式称作 SOGAT ， 1991 年起并入 GPMU)

soggy /ˈsɒɡi/ adj. (soggier, soggiest)  sodden, saturated, dank 浸透的；湿透的；阴湿的 □ soggily  adv.  □ sogginess  n.   [dialect sog a swamp]

soh /səʊ/ n. (also 亦作 so, sol /sɒl/) Mus. 【音】  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the fifth note of a major scale 大音阶之第 5 音 2  the note G in the fixed-doh system 固定唱法时之 G 音 [(variant of) Middle English sol from Latin solve: see GAMUT]

soi-disant /swɑ:di:ˈzɒ˜, 法 swadizɑ˜/ adj.  self-styled or pretended 自称的；自命的 [French, from soi ‘oneself’ + disant ‘saying’]

soigné /ˈswɑ:njei, 法 swaɲe/ adj. (fem. soignée pronunc. same 阴性发音相同)  carefully finished or arranged; well-groomed 衣着考究的；衣着讲究的；高雅的 [past part. of French soigner ‘take care of’ from soin ‘care’]

soil1 /sɔil/ n.  1  the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, consisting of disintegrated rock usu. with an admixture of organic remains 土壤  alluvial soil  冲积土 rich soil  沃土 2  ground belonging to a nation; territory 国土；领土  on British soil  在英国国土上 □ soil-less  adj.  □ soily  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, perhaps from Latin solium ‘seat’, by association with Latin solum ‘ground’]

soil2 /sɔil/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  make dirty; smear or stain with dirt 弄脏；弄污  soiled linen  弄脏了的亚麻布 2  tarnish, defile; bring discredit to 玷污；败坏  would not soil my hands with it  不愿让它玷污我的双手 ●n.  1  a dirty mark; a stain, smear, or defilement 污斑；污迹 2  filth; refuse matter 粪便；污物，垃圾 [Middle English from Old French suiller, soiller, etc., ultimately from Latin sucula, diminutive of sus ‘pig’]

soil3 /sɔil/ v. tr.  feed (cattle) on fresh-cut green fodder (originally for purging) (给牛)喂青饲料(原为给牛通便) [perhaps from SOIL2]

soil mechanics n. pl. (usu treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study of the properties of soil as affecting its use in civil engineering 土壤力学(研究土壤性能影响其土木工程中的运用的学科)

soil pipe n.  a sewage or waste water pipe (厕所的)粪管，污水管

soil science n.  pedology 土壤学

soirée /ˈswɑ:rei/ n.  an evening party, usu. in a private house, for conversation or music (通常在私宅中举行的聊天或音乐方面的)社交聚会 [French from soir ‘evening’]

soixante-neuf /swæsɒ˜ˈnɜ:f/ n. slang  sexual activity between two people involving mutual oral stimulation of the genitals [俚语]相互口交 [French, = sixty-nine, from the position of the couple]

sojourn /ˈsɒdʒ(ə)n, -dʒɜ:n, ˈsʌd-/ n. & v. ●n.  a temporary stay 旅居；逗留 ●v. intr.  stay temporarily 旅居；逗留 □ sojourner  n.   [Middle English from Old French sojorn etc., from Late Latin SUB- + diurnum ‘day’]

soke /səʊk/ n. Brit. hist. [英史义]  1  a right of local jurisdiction 地方司法权 2  a district under a particular jurisdiction and administration 司法管辖区 [Middle English via Anglo-Latin sōca from Old English sōcn ‘prosecution’, from Germanic]

Sol /sɒl/ n. (in Roman mythology) the sun, esp. as a personification (罗马神话中尤指人格化的)太阳 [Middle English from Latin]

sol1 var.  of SOH  SOH 的变体

sol2 /sɒl/ n. Chem.  a fluid colloidal suspension of a solid in a liquid 【化】溶胶，液胶 [abbreviation of SOLUTION]

sola1 /ˈsəʊlə/ n.  a pithy-stemmed E. Indian swamp plant, Aeschynomene indica (产于东印度的湿地植物)合欢草，田皂角 [Urdu & Bengali solɑˉ, Hindi sholɑˉ]

sola2 fem.  of SOLUS  SOLUS 的阴性形式

solace /ˈsɒləs/ n. & v. ●n.  comfort in distress, disappointment, or tedium (痛苦、失望或愁闷时的)安慰，慰藉 ●v. tr.  give solace to 安慰，抚慰 □ solace oneself with   find compensation or relief in 用…安慰自己 [Middle English via Old French solas from Latin solatium, from solari CONSOLE1]

solan /ˈsəʊlən/ n. (in full 全称 solan goose)  a gannet, Sula bassana 塘鹅 [probably from Old Norse súla ‘gannet’ + önd, and- ‘duck’]

solanaceous /sɒləˈneiʃəs/ adj.  of or relating to the plant family Solanaceae, including potatoes, nightshades, and tobacco 茄属的(包括马铃薯、茄属植物和烟草) [modern Latin solanaceae from Latin sōlɑˉnum ‘nightshade’]

solar /ˈsəʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, or reckoned by the sun 太阳的；与太阳相关的；根据太阳测定的  solar eclipse  日食 solar time  太阳时 ●n. Brit. [英]  1  a solarium 日光浴室 2  an upper chamber in a medieval house (中世纪房屋的)顶层房间 [Middle English from Latin solaris, from sol ‘sun’]

solar battery n. (also 亦作 solar cell)  a device converting solar radiation into electricity (将太阳辐射能转换成电能的)太阳电池组

solar constant n.  the rate at which energy reaches the earth's surface from the sun, usually taken to be 1,388 watts per square metre 太阳常数(能量从太阳到达地球表面的比率，通常为每平方米 1,388 瓦)

solar day n.  the interval between successive meridian transits of the sun at a place 太阳日(太阳连续经过子午线上同一位置的间隔时间)

solar eclipse n.  an eclipse in which the sun is obscured by the moon 日食

solar energy n.  1  radiant energy emitted by the sun 太阳能 2  = SOLAR POWER 

solarium /səˈlɛəriəm/ n. (pl. solariums or solaria /-riə/)  a room equipped with sunlamps or fitted with extensive areas of glass for exposure to the sun (装有日光灯或大玻璃窗的)日光浴室 [Latin, = sundial, sunning-place (as SOLAR)]

solarize /ˈsəʊləraiz/ v. intr. & tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Photog.  undergo or cause to undergo change in the relative darkness of parts of an image by long exposure 【摄】(使) (胶片)过度曝光 □ solarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

solar month n.  one-twelfth of the solar year 太阳月

solar myth n.  a myth ascribing the sun's course or attributes to a god or hero 太阳神话

solar panel n.  a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for operating electricity or heating 太阳电池板

solar plexus n.  a complex of radiating nerves at the pit of the stomach 腹腔神经丛

solar power n.  power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays (利用太阳能获得的)太阳能动力

solar system n.  the sun and the celestial bodies whose motion it governs 太阳系

solar wind n.  the continuous flow of charged particles from the sun 太阳风(从太阳表面喷射出的粒子流)

solar year n.  the time taken for the earth to travel once round the sun, equal to 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds 太阳年(等于 365 天 5 小时 48 分 46 秒)

solatium /səˈleiʃiəm/ n. (pl. solatia /-ʃiə/)  a thing given as a compensation or consolation 赔偿物；安慰物 [Latin, = SOLACE]

sola topi n.  an Indian sun-helmet made from the pith of the sola (用田皂角的木髓制作的)印度遮阳帽

sold past and past part.  of SELL 

soldanella /sɒldəˈnelə/ n.  any dwarf Alpine plant of the genus Soldanella, having bell-shaped flowers with fringed petals 高山钟花 [modern Latin from Italian]

solder /ˈsəʊldə, ˈsɒldə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fusible alloy used to join less fusible metals or wires etc. 焊料，焊锡 2  a cementing or joining agency 接合物，连接物 ●v. tr.  join with solder 焊接，用焊料连接 □ solderable  n.  □ solderer  n.   [Middle English via Old French soudure, from souder, from Latin solidare ‘fasten’, from solidus SOLID]

soldering iron /ˈsəʊldəriŋ, ˈsɒl-/ n.  a tool used for applying solder 焊铁，烙铁

soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person serving in or having served in an army 军人 2 (in full 全称 common soldier)  a private or NCO in an army 士兵，列兵 3  a military commander of specified ability 军事家  a great soldier  一位伟大的军事家 4 (in full 全称 soldier ant)  a wingless ant or termite with a large head and jaws for fighting in defence of its colony (无翅膀、大头和大上颚的)兵蚁 5 (in full 全称 soldier beetle)  a carnivorous beetle of the family Cantharidae, with soft reddish wing-cases (食肉、有红色软翅膀的)寄居蟹 6 colloq.  a finger of bread for dipping into a soft-boiled egg [口] (手指宽的)一片(烤)面包 ●v. intr.  serve as a soldier 当兵，从军  was off soldiering  结束兵役 □ soldier on  colloq.  persevere doggedly [口]坚持不懈，百折不挠□ soldierly  adj.  □ soldiership  n.   [Middle English souder etc. via Old French soudier, soldier, from soulde ‘(soldier's) pay’, from Latin solidus: see SOLIDUS]

soldier of Christ n.  an active or proselytizing Christian 基督的精兵(积极或令人改变信仰的)基督徒

soldier of fortune n.  an adventurous person ready to take service under any state or person; a mercenary (可以在任何一国或任何人手下服役的)雇佣兵

soldiery /ˈsəʊldʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  soldiers, esp. of a specified character (尤指具有某种特殊品质的)军人 2  a group of soldiers 军队

sole1 /səʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the undersurface of the foot 脚底 2  the part of a shoe, sock, etc., corresponding to this (esp. excluding the heel) (尤指不包括后跟的)鞋底；袜底 3  the lower surface or base of an implement, e.g. a plough, golf club head, etc. (犁、高尔夫球杆头等的)底部，底端 4  the floor of a ship's cabin (船舱的)舱底 ●v. tr.  provide (a shoe etc.) with a sole; replace the sole of (给鞋等)装底，换底 □ -soled  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old French, ultimately via Latin solea ‘sandal, sill’ from solum ‘bottom, pavement, sole’: perhaps already in use in Old English]

sole2 /səʊl/ n.  any flatfish of the family Soleidae, esp. Solea solea used as food (可食用的)鳎，(尤指)舌鳎 [Middle English via Old French from Provençal sola, ultimately from Latin solea (as SOLE1, named from its shape)]

sole3 /səʊl/ adj.  1 (作 attrib.)  one and only; single, exclusive 惟一的；单一的，单独的  the sole reason  惟一的理由 has the sole right  有独享的权利 2 archaic or Law (esp. of a woman) unmarried [古义]【法律】(尤指女子)未婚的，独身的 3 archaic  alone, unaccompanied [古义]独自的，单独的 □ solely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French soule from Latin sola, fem. of solus ‘alone’]

solecism /ˈsɒlisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a mistake of grammar or idiom; a blunder in the manner of speaking or writing 语法错误，用词错误；(说话或写作中的)语病 2  a piece of bad manners or incorrect behaviour 失礼，无礼 □ solecist  n.  □ solecistic  /-ˈsistik/ adj.   [French solécisme or Latin soloecismus from Greek soloikismos, from soloikos ‘speaking incorrectly’]

solemn /ˈsɒləm/ adj.  1  serious and dignified 严肃的，庄严的  a solemn occasion  严肃的场合 2  formal; accompanied by ceremony 正式的；庄重的，隆重的  a solemn oath  庄重的誓约 3  mysteriously impressive 神圣的 4 (of a person) serious or cheerless in manner (人)严肃的，不苟言笑的  looks rather solemn  看上去相当严肃 5  full of importance; weighty 严重的；严正的  a solemn warning  严正的警告 6  grave, sober, deliberate; slow in movement or action 肃穆的；郑重的；持重的  a solemn promise  郑重的保证 solemn music  肃穆的音乐 □ solemnly  adv.  □ solemness  n.   [Middle English via Old French solemne from Latin sol(l)emnis ‘customary, celebrated at a fixed date’, from sollus ‘entire’]

solemnity /səˈlemniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being solemn; a solemn character or feeling; solemn behaviour 庄严；严肃；庄重；隆重 2  a rite or celebration; a piece of ceremony 庄重的仪式；典礼 [Middle English via Old French solem(p)nité from Latin sollemnitas -tatis (as SOLEMN)]

solemnize /ˈsɒləmnaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  duly perform (a ceremony esp. of marriage) 隆重举行(典礼，尤指婚礼) 2  celebrate (a festival etc.) 庆祝(节日等) 3  make solemn 使庄严；使严肃；使隆重 □ solemnization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French solem(p)niser from medieval Latin solemnizare (as SOLEMN)]

Solemn Mass n.  = HIGH MASS 

solenoid /ˈsɒlənɔid, ˈsəʊl-/ n.  a cylindrical coil of wire acting as a magnet when carrying electric current 螺线管 □ solenoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [French solénoïde from Greek sōlēn ‘channel, pipe’ + -OID]

sole-plate n.  the bedplate of an engine etc. (发动机等的)底板

sol-fa /ˈsɒlfɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  = SOLMIZATION(cf. 参见 TONIC SOL-FA)  ●v. tr. & intr. (-fas, -faed)  sing using the sol-fa syllables 用唱名唱 [SOL1 + FA]

solfatara /sɒlfəˈtɑ:rə/ n.  a volcanic vent emitting only sulphurous and other vapours 硫质喷气孔(只喷射硫和其他蒸气的火山喷口) [name of a volcano near Naples, from Italian solfo ‘sulphur’]

solfeggio /sɒlˈfedʒiəʊ/ n. (pl. solfeggi /-dʒi/) Mus. 【音】  1  an exercise in singing using sol-fa syllables 唱名视唱练习 2  solmization 用唱名唱(指看谱视唱) [Italian (as SOL-FA)]

soli pl.  of SOLO  

solicit /səˈlisit/ v. (solicited, soliciting)  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 for)  intr. ask repeatedly or earnestly for or seek or invite (business etc.) 请求，恳求；招揽(生意等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a request or petition to (a person) (向某人)请求，恳求，乞求 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  accost (a person) and offer one's services as a prostitute (妓女)拉客 □ solicitation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English via Old French solliciter from Latin sollicitare ‘agitate’, via sollicitus ‘anxious’ from sollus ‘entire’ + citus, past part. of ciēre ‘set in motion’]

solicitor /səˈlisitə/ n.  1 Brit.  a member of the legal profession qualified to deal with conveyancing, draw up wills, etc. advise clients and instruct barristers, and represent clients in the lower courts [英]诉讼律师(其职责为处理财产转让、拟定遗嘱等、向客户提供咨询、通知高院律师以及在初级法院出庭辩护等) 2  a person who solicits 请求者；恳求者；乞求者 3 US  a canvasser [美]推销员；募捐人 4 US  the chief law officer of a city etc. [美] (城市等负责法律事务的)法务官 [Middle English from Old French solliciteur (as SOLICIT)]

Solicitor-General n. (pl. Solicitors-General)  1 (in the UK) the Crown law officer below the Attorney-General or (in Scotland) below the Lord Advocate (英国)副检察长 2 (in the US) the law officer below the Attorney-General (美国)司法部副部长

solicitous /səˈlisitəs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, about, etc.)  showing interest or concern 关切的；关心的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  eager, anxious 渴望的，热切的 □ solicitously  adv.  □ solicitousness  n.   [Latin sollicitus (as SOLICIT)]

solicitude /səˈlisitju:d/ n.  1  the state of being solicitous; solicitous behaviour 牵挂；挂念 2  anxiety or concern 焦虑；关心 [Middle English via Old French sollicitude from Latin sollicitudo (as SOLICITOUS)]

solid /ˈsɒlid/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj. (solider, solidest)  1  firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid 固态的，固体的  solid food  固体食物 water becomes solid at 0°C  水在零摄氏度时变成固态 2  of such material throughout, not hollow or containing cavities 实心的，非中空的  a solid sphere  实心球 3  of the same substance throughout 纯质的，纯一的  solid silver  纯银 4  of strong material or construction or build, not flimsy or slender etc. 结实的；坚固的，牢固的 5  a  having three dimensions 三维的b  concerned with solids 立体的  solid geometry  立体几何 6  a  sound and reliable; genuine 充分的，有根据的；确实的  solid arguments  充分的论点b  staunch and dependable 坚定的；可信赖的  a solid Tory  可靠的托利党党员 7  sound but without any special flair etc. 扎扎实实的；精深的  a solid piece of work  一项扎实的工作 8  financially sound 资金雄厚的，殷实的 9 (of time) uninterrupted, continuous (时间)完整的；连续的  spend four solid hours on it  在此事上花了整整 4 个小时 10  a  unanimous, undivided 一致的，全部的  support has been pretty solid so far  到目前为止得到了非常一致的支持b (foll. by 后跟 for)  united in favour of 团结的 11 (of printing) without spaces between the lines etc. (印刷) (行间等)密排的 12 (of a tyre) without a central air space (轮胎)实心的 13 (foll. by 后跟 with) US colloq.  on good terms [美口]关系密切的；融洽的 14 Austral. & NZ colloq.  severe, unreasonable [澳新口]严厉的，不讲理的 ●n.  1  a solid substance or body 固体 2 (in pl. 用复数)  solid food 固体食物 3 Geom.  a body or magnitude having three dimensions 【几】立方体 ●adv.  so as to become solid; solidly 全部地，完全地  jammed solid  堵得严严实实 set solid  彻底凝固 □ solidly  adv.  □ solidness  n.   [Middle English via Old French solide from Latin solidus, related to salvus ‘safe’, sollus ‘entire’]

solid angle n.  an angle formed by planes etc. meeting at a point 立体角

solidarity /sɒliˈdæriti/ n.  1  unity or agreement of feeling or action, esp. among individuals with a common interest (尤指具有共同利益的人中的)团结一致 2  mutual dependence 休戚相关 [French solidarité, ultimately from solide SOLID]

solid colour n.  colour covering the whole of an object, without a pattern etc. (无图案等的)单色

solid-drawn adj. (of a tube etc.) pressed or drawn out from a solid bar of metal (管子等)整体拉拔的

solidi pl.  of SOLIDUS  

solidify /səˈlidifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become solid 使凝固，使固化；使团结一致 □ solidification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ solidifier  n.  

solidity /səˈliditi/ n.  the state of being solid; firmness 固态；坚固，紧密；强度，硬度

solid solution n.  solid material containing one substance uniformly distributed in another 固溶体

solid state n. & adj. ●n.  the state of matter that retains its boundaries without support 固态 ●adj. (作 solid-state)  using the electronics properties of solids (e.g. a semiconductor 如半导体收音机) to replace those of valves 固态电子学的，用固态元件代替电子管的

solidus /ˈsɒlidəs/ n. (pl. solidi /-dai/)  1 esp. Brit.  an oblique stroke (/) used in writing fractions (3/4), to separate other figures and letters, or to denote alternatives (and/ or) and ratios (miles/ day) [尤英]斜线分隔符(用于表示分数 (3/4) 、使数字如字母分开表示选择 (and/ or) 或表示速率 (miles/ day)) 2 (in full 全称 solidus curve)  a curve in a graph of the temperature and composition of a mixture, below which the substance is entirely solid 固相曲线 3 hist.  a gold coin of the later Roman Empire [史义]苏勒德斯(罗马帝国后期发行的一种金币) [Middle English (in sense 3) from Latin: see SOLID]

solifluction /sɒliˈflʌkʃ(ə)n, səʊli-/ n.  the gradual movement of wet soil etc. down a slope 泥流(作用) [Latin solum ‘soil’ + fluctio ‘flowing’ from fluere fluct- ‘flow’]

soliloquy /səˈliləkwi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act of talking when alone or regardless of any hearers, esp. in drama (尤指戏剧中的)自言自语 2  part of a play involving this (戏剧中的)独白 □ soliloquist  n.  □ soliloquize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin soliloquium, from Latin solus ‘alone’ + loqui ‘speak’]

soliped /ˈsɒliped/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal) solid-hoofed (动物)单蹄的 ●n.  a solid-hoofed animal 单蹄兽 [French solipède or modern Latin solipes -pedis from Latin solidipes, from solidus ‘solid’ + pes ‘foot’]

solipsism /ˈsɒlipsiz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the view that the self is all that exists or can be known 【哲】唯我论 □ solipsist  n.  □ solipsistic  /-ˈsistik/ adj.  □ solipsistically  /-ˈsistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin solus ‘alone’ + ipse ‘self’]

solitaire /ˈsɒlitɛə, sɒliˈtɛə/ n.  1  a diamond or other gem set by itself 独粒钻石，独粒宝石 2  a ring having a single gem 独粒宝石戒指 3  a game for one player played by removing pegs etc. one at a time from a board by jumping others over them until only one is left 单人纸牌戏；单人跳棋 4 N. Amer. [北美]  = PATIENCE 4  5  either of two extinct flightless birds related to the dodo and formerly found in the Mascarene Islands 渡渡鸟状绝灭鸟 6  any American thrush of the genus Myadestes 美洲鸫 [French from Latin solitarius (as SOLITARY)]

solitary /ˈsɒlit(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  living alone; not gregarious; without companions; lonely 独居的；单独的；孤独的  a solitary existence  独居生活 2 (of a place) secluded or unfrequented (地方)荒凉的；人烟稀少的 3  single or sole 单个的，惟一的  a solitary instance  惟一的实例 4 (of an insect) not living in communities (昆虫)非群居的 5 Bot.  growing singly, not in a cluster 【植】单生的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a recluse or hermit 独居者；隐士 2 colloq. [口]  = SOLITARY CONFINEMENT  □ solitarily  adv.  □ solitariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin solitarius, from solus ‘alone’]

solitary confinement n.  isolation of a prisoner in a separate cell as a punishment 单独监禁，单独禁闭

solitude /ˈsɒlitju:d/ n.  1  the state of being solitary 独居；单独；孤独 2  a lonely place 偏僻处；荒凉之地 [Middle English from Old French solitude or Latin solitudo, from solus ‘alone’]

solmization /sɒlmiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation) Mus.  a system of associating each note of a scale with a particular syllable, now usu. doh ray me fah soh lah te, with doh as C in the fixed-doh system and as the keynote in the movable-doh or tonic sol-fa system 【音】音名唱法(用唱名 doh ray me fah soh lah te 来唱出音符，在固定音名唱法中， doh 相当于 C 音) □ solmizate  /ˈsɒlmizeit/ v. intr. & tr.   [French solmisation (as SOL1, MI)]

solo /ˈsəʊləʊ/ n., v. & adv. ●n. (pl. -os)  1 (pl. -os or soli /-li/)  a  a vocal or instrumental piece or passage, or a dance, performed by one person with or without accompaniment 独奏(曲)；独唱(曲)；独舞b (作 attrib.)  performed or performing as a solo 独奏的；独唱的；独舞的  solo passage  独奏乐章 solo violin  小提琴独奏 2  a  an unaccompanied flight by a pilot in an aircraft 单独飞行b  anything done by one person unaccompanied 单独做的事情c (作 attrib.)  unaccompanied, alone 单人的，单独的 3 (in full 全称 solo whist)  a  a card game like whist in which one player may oppose the others 单人纸牌戏(一种由一人对三人的类似惠斯特的纸牌戏)b  a declaration or the act of playing to win five tricks at this (玩纸牌戏时的)连胜五局 ●v. (-oes, -oed)  1 intr.  perform a solo, esp. a solo flight or musical solo 单独表演；(尤指)独唱；独奏；单独飞行 2 tr.  perform or achieve as a solo 单独表演；单独完成 ●adv.  unaccompanied, alone 单人地，单独地  flew solo for the first time  第一次单独飞行 [Italian from Latin solus ‘alone’]

solo climbing n.  the sport of climbing alone unaided by ropes etc. and without assistance from other people 单人登山(运动) □ solo climber  n.  

soloist /ˈsəʊləʊist/ n.  a performer of a solo, esp. in music 独奏者；独唱者

Solomon /ˈsɒləmən/ n.  a very wise person 大智者；贤人 □ Solomonic  /sɒləˈmɒnik/ adj.   [Solomon, King of Israel in the 10th c. BC, famed for his wisdom]

Solomon Islands   所罗门群岛

Solomon's seal n.  1  a figure like the Star of David 六角星形 2  any plant of the genus Polygonatum (lily family), with arching stems and drooping green and white flowers 黄精属植物(茎呈拱形，开绿、白色垂花)

solo stop n.  an organ stop especially suitable for imitating a solo performance on another instrument (管风琴的)独奏声栓

solo whist  see 见 SOLO n. 3 

solstice /ˈsɒlstis/ n.  1  either of the two times in the year when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days (cf. 参见 SUMMER SOLSTICE ， WINTER SOLSTICE) 至，至点 2  the point in the ecliptic reached by the sun at a solstice 夏至点，冬至点 □ solstitial  /sɒlˈstiʃ(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin solstitium, from sol ‘sun’ + sistere stit- ‘make stand’]

solubilize /ˈsɒljʊbilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make soluble or more soluble (使)溶解；(使)增溶 □ solubilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

soluble /ˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be dissolved, esp. in water (尤指在水中)可溶的；可乳化的 2  that can be solved 能解决的；能解释的；能解答的 □ solubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin solubilis (as SOLVE)]

soluble glass n.  = WATER-GLASS 1 

solus /ˈsəʊləs/ predic. adj. (fem. sola /-lə/) (esp. in a stage direction 尤用于舞台指示)  alone, unaccompanied 独自的，单独的 [Latin]

solute /ˈsɒlju:t, sɒˈlju:t/ n.  a dissolved substance 溶质，溶解物 [Latin solutum, neut. of solutus: see SOLVE]

solution /səˈlu:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or a means of solving a problem or difficulty (问题或困难的)解决；解决办法 2  a  the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid by mixture with a liquid solvent 溶解b  the state resulting from this 溶解状态；溶液，溶体  held in solution  使保持溶解状态 3  the act of dissolving or the state of being dissolved 溶解(作用) 4  the act of separating or breaking 分散；消散 5  = RUBBER SOLUTION  [Middle English via Old French from Latin solutio -onis (as SOLVE)]

solution set n. Math.  the set of all the solutions of an equation or condition 【数】解集

Solutrean /səˈlu:triən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Solutrian) Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to an upper palaeolithic culture in W. Europe, following the Aurignacian and dated to c. 21,000 － 18,000 years ago 梭鲁特期的；梭鲁特文化(西欧约 2.1 万至 1.8 万年前旧石器时代前期文化)的 ●n.  this culture 梭鲁特文化 [Solutré in eastern France, where remains of it were found]

solvate /sɒlˈveit/ v. intr. & tr.  enter or cause to enter into combination with a solvent (使)成溶剂化物 □ solvation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

solve /sɒlv/ v. tr.  find an answer to, or a means of removing or effectively dealing with (a problem or difficulty) 解答；解释；解决(问题或困难) □ solvable  adj.  □ solver  n.   [Middle English, = loosen, from Latin solvere solut- ‘unfasten, release’]

solvent /ˈsɒlv(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  able to dissolve or form a solution with something 有溶解力的；可溶解的 2  having enough money to meet one's liabilities 有偿付能力的 ●n.  1  a solvent liquid etc. 溶剂 2  a dissolving or weakening agent 起瓦解作用(或削弱作用)的事物 □ solvency  n. (in sense 2 用于释义 2)  

solvent abuse n.  the use of volatile organic solvents as intoxicants by inhalation, e.g. glue-sniffing (使人兴奋或产生迷幻效果的)吸胶毒

Som. abbr.  Somerset [缩略]萨默塞特

soma1 /ˈsəʊmə/ n.  1  the body as distinct from the soul (有别于灵魂的)躯体 2  the body of an organism as distinct from its reproductive cells 体细胞 [Greek sōma -atos ‘body’]

soma2 /ˈsəʊmə/ n.  1  an intoxicating drink used in Vedic ritual 苏摩液(吠陀仪式的文献中提到的能致醉的一种植物液汁) 2  a plant yielding this 苏摩 [Sanskrit sōma]

Somali /səˈmɑ:li/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Somalis)  a member of a Hamitic Muslim people of Somalia in NE Africa (非洲东北部的)索马里人 2  the Cushitic language of this people 索马里语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 索马里人的；索马里语的 □ Somalian  adj. & n.   [native name]

Somalia   索马里

somatic /səˈmætik/ adj.  of or relating to the body, esp. as distinct from the mind (尤指有别于思想的)躯体的；肉体的 □ somatically  adv.   [Greek sōmatikos (as SOMA1)]

somatic cell n.  any cell of a living organism except the reproductive cells 体细胞

somato- /ˈsəʊmətəʊ/ comb. form  the human body [构词成分]人体 [Greek sōma -atos ‘body’]

somatogenic /ˌsəʊmətə(ʊ)ˈdʒenik/ adj.  originating in the somatic cells 躯体原的；体细胞原的

somatology /səʊməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of living bodies physically considered 躯体学，身体学

somatotonic /ˌsəʊmətə(ʊ)ˈtɒnik/ adj.  having an extrovert and aggressive temperament, thought to be associated esp. with a mesomorphic physique 体力旺盛性格的(尤指体魄强健、精力充沛等)

somatotrophin /ˌsəʊmətə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfin/ n.  a growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland 生长激素 [as SOMATO-, TROPHIC]

somatotype /ˈsəʊmətə(ʊ)taip/ n.  physique expressed in relation to various extreme types 体型，体格

sombre /ˈsɒmbə/ adj. (also US [亦美] somber)  1  dark, gloomy 昏暗的；阴沉的  a sombre sky  阴沉沉的天空 2  oppressively solemn or sober 严峻的；严肃的 3  dismal, foreboding 忧郁的，沮丧的  a sombre prospect  令人担忧的前景 □ sombrely  adv.  □ sombreness  n.   [French sombre from Old French sombre (n.), ultimately from Latin SUB- + umbra ‘shade’]

sombrero /sɒmˈbrɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat worn esp. in Mexico and the south western US (尤指流行于墨西哥和美国西南部的)阔边毡(或草)帽 [Spanish, from sombra ‘shade’ (as SOMBRE)]

some /sʌm, s(ə)m/ det., pron. & adv. ●det.  1  an unspecified amount or number of 若干；一些  some water  一些水 some apples  一些苹果 some of them  他们中的一些人 2  that is unknown or unnamed 某个，某一  will return some day  有朝一日会回来的 some fool has locked the door  某个蠢家伙把门锁上了 to some extent  在某种程度上 3  denoting an approximate number 大约，大概  waited some twenty minutes  等了大约 20 分钟 4  a considerable amount or number of 好几个；相当多的；不少的  went to some trouble  遇到了不少麻烦 5 (usu. stressed 通常表示强调)  a  at least a small amount of 至少有点，至少有些  do have some consideration  一定要考虑一下b  such to a certain extent 相当程度的  that is some help  那是相当大的帮忙c colloq.  notably such [口]极好的  I call that some story  我觉得那是个很不错的故事 ●pron.  some people or things, some number or amount 某些人(或事)；若干，一些  I have some already  我已经有一些了 would you like some more?  你还想再要一些吗？ ●adv. colloq.  to some extent [口]在某种程度上  we talked some  我们谈了一些 do it some more  再进一步做它 □ and then some  slang  and plenty more than that [俚语]还有别的，远不只这些□ some few   see 见 FEW  [Old English sum, from Germanic]

-some1 /səm/ suffix forming adjectives meaning 构成形容词，表示 :  1  adapted to; productive of (cuddlesome 令人想拥抱的 ; fearsome 可怕的，吓人的) 有…倾向的，产生…的 2  characterized by being (fulsome 过分虚伪而令人厌恶的 ; lithesome 柔软的，轻快的) 具有…特征的 3  apt to (tiresome 令人厌倦的 meddlesome 爱管闲事的) 易于…的 [Old English -sum]

-some2 /səm/ suffix  forming nouns from numerals, meaning ‘a group of (so many)’ (foursome 四人一组) 与数字一起构成名词，表示“…人一组” [Old English sum SOME, used after numerals in genitive pl.]

-some3 /səʊm/ comb. form  denoting a portion of a body, esp. of a cell (chromosome 染色体 ; ribosome 核糖体) [构词成分]表示“…体的一部分；(尤指)细胞体” [Greek sōma ‘body’]

somebody /ˈsʌmbədi/ pron. & n. ●pron.  some person 某人；有人 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person of importance 大人物，重要人物  is really somebody now  现在真是个大人物了

some day adv. (also 亦作 someday)  at some time in the future 将来某一天，有朝一日

somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv.  1  for some reason or other 由于某种原因，不知为什么  somehow I never liked them  不知为什么，我从来没有喜欢过他们。 2  in some unspecified or unknown way 以某种方式；用某种方法  he somehow dropped behind  不知什么原因，他就落后了。 3  no matter how 无论如何  must get it finished somehow  无论如何必须把它完成

someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ n. & pron.  = SOMEBODY 

someplace /ˈsʌmpleis/ adv. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = SOMEWHERE 

somersault /ˈsʌməsɒlt, -sɔ:lt/ n. & v. (also 亦作 summersault) ●n.  an acrobatic movement in which a person turns head over heels in the air or on the ground and lands on the feet 滚翻，筋斗 ●v. intr.  perform a somersault 翻筋斗 [Old French sombresault, alteration of sobresault, ultimately from Latin supra ‘above’ + saltus ‘leap’ from salire ‘to leap’]

something /ˈsʌmθiŋ/ n., pron. & adv. ●n. & pron.  1  a  some unspecified or unknown thing 某物；某事  have something to tell you  有些事要告诉你 something has happened  发生了某事b (in full 全形 something or other)  as a substitute for an unknown or forgotten description 某事；某物；某人  a student of something or other  一个学生模样的人 2  a known or understood but unexpressed quantity, quality, or extent 若干；几分  there is something about it I do not like  这件事有些地方我不喜欢 is something of a fool  是有点傻 3 colloq.  an important or notable person or thing [口]重要人物；重要事情  the party was quite something  这个晚会非常重要 ●adv. archaic  in some degree [古义]稍微，有点儿 □ or something   or some unspecified alternative possibility 或什么的，…之类  must have run away or something  一定是逃跑了或是怎么的□ see something of   encounter (a person) briefly or occasionally 不时看见(某人)□ something else   1  something different 别的东西 2 colloq.  something exceptional [口]特别出色的人(或事物)□ something like   1  an amount in the region of 大约；大概  left something like a million pounds  留下了大约 100 万英镑 2  somewhat like 有几分像…的  shaped something like a cigar  形状颇像一支雪茄 3 colloq.  impressive; a fine specimen of [口]顶呱呱的，极为出色的□ something of   to some extent; in some sense 在某种程度上；在某种意义上  is something of an expert  在某种意义上是个专家 [Old English sum thing (as SOME, THING)]

sometime /ˈsʌmtaim/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  at some unspecified time 在某时；有朝一日 2 archaic  formerly [古义]从前，以前 ●attrib. adj.  former 从前的，以前的  the sometime mayor  前市长

sometimes /ˈsʌmtaimz/ adv.  at some times; occasionally 有时；不时

somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ adv., n. & pron. ●adv.  to some extent 稍微，有点，有些  behaviour that was somewhat strange  有些奇怪的行为 answered somewhat hastily  回答得轻率了一点儿 ●n. & pron. archaic  something [古义]一点儿，几分  loses somewhat of its force  失去了一些力量 □ more than somewhat  colloq.  very [口]极其，非常  was more than somewhat perplexed  十分困惑

somewhen /ˈsʌmwen/ adv. colloq.  at some time [口]在某个时候

somewhere /ˈsʌmwɛə/ adv. & pron. ●adv.  in or to some place 在某处；到某处 ●pron.  some unspecified place 某处 □ get somewhere  colloq.  achieve success [口]有一些进展，取得一些成果□ somewhere about   approximately 大约，大概

somite /ˈsəʊmait/ n.  = METAMERE  □ somitic  /səʊˈmitik/ adj.   [Greek sōma ‘body’ + -ITE1]

sommelier /ˈsɒm(ə)ljei, səˈmeljei/ n.  a wine waiter 斟酒侍者 [French, = butler, from somme ‘a pack’ (as SUMPTER)]

somnambulism /sɒmˈnæmbjʊliz(ə)m/ n.  1  sleepwalking 梦游(症) 2  a condition of the brain inducing this 梦游时的精神恍惚状态 □ somnambulant  adj.  □ somnambulantly  adv.  □ somnambulist  n.  □ somnambulistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ somnambulistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin somnus ‘sleep’ + ambulare ‘to walk’]

somniferous /sɒmˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.  inducing sleep; soporific 催眠的；致睡的；昏昏欲睡的，思睡的 [Latin somnifer from somnium ‘dream’]

somnolent /ˈsɒmnəl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  sleepy, drowsy 睏倦的；昏昏欲睡的，半梦半醒的 2  inducing drowsiness 催眠的 3 Med.  in a state between sleeping and waking 【医】似睡非睡的 □ somnolence  n.  □ somnolency  n.  □ somnolently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French sompnolent or Latin somnolentus, from somnus ‘sleep’]

son /sʌn/ n.  1  a boy or man in relation to either or both of his parents 儿子 2  a  a male descendant 子孙，男性后裔b (foll. by 后跟 of)  a male member of a family, nation, etc. 男子 3  a person regarded as inheriting an occupation, quality, etc., or associated with a particular attribute (某一职业或品质等的)继承者  sons of freedom  自由之子 sons of the soil  农民 4 (in full 全称 my son)  a form of address esp. to a boy 孩子，小伙子(尤指对男孩的称呼) 5 (作 the Son) (in Christian belief) the second person of the Trinity 耶稣基督 □ sonless  adj.  □ sonship  n.   [Old English sunu, from Germanic]

sonant /ˈsəʊnənt/ adj. & n. Phonet. 【语音】  ●adj. (of a sound) voiced and syllabic 浊音的，发浊音的 ●n.  a voiced sound forming a syllable, a vowel, or any of the consonants l, m, n pronounced as a syllable 浊辅音 □ sonancy  n.   [Latin sonare sonant- ‘to sound’]

sonar /ˈsəʊnɑ:/ n.  1  a system for the underwater detection of objects by reflected or emitted sound 声呐(利用反射或传送声波探测水下物体的系统) 2  an apparatus for this 声波定位仪 [sound navigation and ranging, on the pattern of radar]

sonata /səˈnɑ:tə/ n.  a composition for one instrument or two (one usu. being a piano accompaniment), usu. in several movements with one (esp. the first) or more in sonata form 奏鸣曲(由一种或两种乐器演奏的乐曲，其中钢琴通常为伴奏乐器) [Italian, = sounded (originally as distinct from ‘sung’): fem. past part. of sonare ‘sound’]

sonata form n.  a type of composition in three sections (exposition, development, and recapitulation) in which two themes (or subjects) are explored according to set key relationships 奏鸣曲式(由展示部、发展部和再现部构成的一种乐曲形式，根据预定好的音调来表现两个主题)

sonatina /sɒnəˈti:nə/ n.  a simple or short sonata 小奏鸣曲 [Italian, diminutive of SONATA]

sonde /sɒnd/ n.  a device sent up to obtain information about atmospheric conditions, esp. = RADIOSONDE (收集大气信息的)探空仪，探测器 [French, = sounding (line)]

sone /səʊn/ n.  a unit of subjective loudness, equal to 40 phons 宋(响度单位，相当于 40 方) [Latin sonus ‘a sound’]

son et lumière /sɒn ei ˈlu:mjɛə, 法 sɔ˜n e lymjɛr/ n.  an entertainment by night at a historic monument, building, etc., using lighting effects and recorded sound to give a dramatic narrative of its history 声光表演，实地历史剧(在有历史意义的纪念碑、建筑物前，用变幻的灯光照明和音响效果，再配以戏剧性的录音叙述来展示历史的夜间文娱活动) [French, = sound and light]

song /sɒŋ/ n.  1  a short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung 歌；歌曲；歌词 2  singing or vocal music 歌唱；声乐  burst into song  突然唱起歌来 3  a musical composition suggestive of a song 诗歌意味的乐曲 4  the usu. repeated musical call of some birds or insects (虫、鸟的)鸣叫声 5  a short poem in rhymed stanzas 押韵短诗 6 archaic  poetry or verse [古义]诗歌；韵文 □ for a song  colloq.  very cheaply [口]非常便宜□ on song  Brit. colloq.  performing exceptionally well [英口]表演得非常出色，处于良好的竞技状态□ songless  adj.   [Old English sang, from Germanic (as SING)]

song and dance n. colloq.  a fuss or commotion [口]胡言乱语；大肆宣扬

songbird /ˈsɒŋbɜ:d/ n.  1  a bird with a musical call 鸣禽，鸣鸟 2 Zool.  a perching bird of the group Oscines, possessing a syrinx 【动】燕雀(鸣禽目中一种栖息鸟)

songbook /ˈsɒŋbʊk/ n.  a collection of songs with music 歌曲集，歌本

song cycle n.  a set of musically linked songs on a romantic theme (有关某一浪漫主题的)联篇歌曲

Song of Songs n. (also 亦作 Song of Solomon)  a poetic Old Testament book traditionally attributed to Solomon (基督教《旧约》中献给所罗门的)雅歌

songsmith /ˈsɒŋsmiθ/ n.  a writer of songs 歌曲作家

song sparrow n.  a N. American sparrow-like bird, Melospiza melodia, of the bunting family, with a characteristic musical song 北美歌雀(一种常见的北美雀鸟，其歌声宛转独特)

songster /ˈsɒŋstə/ n. (fem. songstress /-stris/)  1  a singer, esp. a fluent and skilful one 歌手；(尤指)歌唱家 2  a songbird 鸣禽 3  a poet 诗人 4 US  a songbook [美]歌曲集 [Old English sangestre (as SONG, -STER)]

song thrush n.  a thrush, Turdus philomelos, of Europe and W. Asia, with a song partly mimicked from other birds 歌鸫(产于欧洲和西亚，其歌声部分模仿其他鸟类)

songwriter /ˈsɒŋraitə/ n.  a writer of songs or the music for them 歌曲作家(指作词、作曲或词曲兼作者) □ songwriting  n.  

Sonia /ˈsəunjə/   索尼亚 [人名]

sonic /ˈsɒnik/ adj.  of or relating to or using sound or sound waves 声音的；声速的；声波的 □ sonically  adv.   [Latin sonus ‘sound’]

sonic barrier n.  = SOUND BARRIER 

sonic boom n. (also 亦作 sonic bang)  a loud explosive noise caused by the shock wave from an aircraft when it passes the speed of sound 声震(飞机超音速飞行时由震波发出的轰隆声)

sonic mine n.  a mine exploded by the sound of a passing ship (靠船前进的声音振动而引爆的)音感水雷

son-in-law n. (pl. sons-in-law)  the husband of one's daughter 女婿

sonnet /ˈsɒnit/ n. & v. ●n.  a poem of 14 lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English usu. having ten syllables per line 十四行诗，商籁体(英国的十四行诗通常为每行 10 个音节) ●v. (sonneted, sonneting)  1 intr.  write sonnets 写十四行诗 2 tr.  address sonnets to 为…作十四行诗 [French sonnet or Italian sonetto, diminutive of suono SOUND1]

sonneteer /sɒniˈtiə/ n. usu. derog.  a writer of sonnets [通常贬]十四行诗作者；拙劣诗人

sonny /ˈsʌni/ n. colloq.  a familiar form of address to a young boy [口]宝贝，宝宝，小家伙(对小男孩的昵称)

sonobuoy /ˈsəʊnəbɔi/ n.  a buoy for detecting underwater sounds and transmitting them by radio 声纳浮标(用于探测水下声波和通过无线电发送声波的浮标) [Latin sonus ‘sound’ + BUOY]

son of a bitch n. (pl. sons of bitches) slang  a general term of contempt or abuse [俚语]畜生，狗娘养的

son of a gun n. (pl. sons of guns) colloq.  a jocular or affectionate form of address or reference [口]好小子，家伙(诙谐或亲昵的称呼)

sonogram /ˈsəʊnəɡræm/ n.  1  a graph representing a sound, showing the distribution of energy at different frequencies 声谱图 2 esp. Med.  a visual image produced from an ultrasound examination (尤)【医】超声波扫描图 □ sonograph  n.   [Latin sonus ‘sound’ + -GRAM]

sonometer /səˈnɒmitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring the vibration frequency of a string etc. 弦音计，振动频率计 2  an audiometer 听力计 [Latin sonus ‘sound’ + -METER]

sonorous /ˈsɒn(ə)rəs, səˈnɔ:rəs/ adj.  1  having a loud, full, or deep sound; resonant 响亮的，洪亮的 2 (of a speech, style, etc.) imposing, grand (讲话、风格等)令人难忘的；雄伟的，壮丽的 □ sonority  /səˈnɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ sonorously  adv.  □ sonorousness  n.   [Latin sonorus from sonor ‘sound’]

sonsy /ˈsɒnsi/ adj. (also 亦作 sonsie) (sonsier, sonsiest) Sc. [苏格兰]  1  plump, buxom 丰满的，健美的 2  of a cheerful disposition 开朗的 3  bringing good fortune 带来好运的 [ultimately via Irish & Gaelic sonas ‘good fortune’ from sona ‘fortu-nate’]

sook /su:k, sʊk/ n. esp. Austral. & NZ colloq. [尤澳新口]  1 derog.  a timid bashful person; a coward or sissy [贬]胆小鬼；懦夫 2  a hand-reared calf 人工饲养的牛犊 [English dialect suck, used to call a calf]

sool /su:l/ v. tr. esp. Austral. & NZ [尤澳新]  1 (of a dog) attack or worry (an animal) (狗)撕咬(其他动物) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  urge or goad 敦促，驱使 □ sooler  n.   [variant of 17th-c. (now dialect) sowl ‘seize by the ears’, of unknown origin]

soon /su:n/ adv.  1  after a short interval of time 马上，不久  shall soon know the result  不久就会知道结果 2  relatively early (相当)早  must you go so soon?  你必须这么早就走吗？ 3 (prec. by 前接 how)  early (with relative rather than distinctive sense) 快，早(指相对意义而非具体时间)  how soon will it be ready?  多快能准备好？ 4  readily or willingly 宁可，宁愿 in expressing choice or preference 用于表示选择或喜好 : which would you sooner do?  你愿意先做哪个？ would as soon stay behind  愿意留在后面 □ as (or so) soon as  (implying a causal or temporal connection) at the moment that; not later than; as early as 一…就…  came as soon as I heard about it  我一听到这个消息就来了 disappears as soon as it's time to pay  一到该付钱时就消失了□ no sooner ... than   at the very moment that 一…就…，刚…就…  we no sooner arrived than the rain stopped  我们刚到雨就停了 no sooner had I gone out than it began to rain  我刚一出门就下起了雨□ sooner or later   at some future time; eventually 迟早；终归□ soonish  adv.   [Old English sōna, from West Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 No sooner should be followed by than as shown above, and not by when. 如上文所示， no sooner 后应该用 than ，而不用 when 。 

soot /sʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  a black carbonaceous substance rising in fine flakes in the smoke of wood, coal, oil, etc., and deposited on the sides of a chimney etc. 煤烟，煤炱 ●v. tr.  cover with soot 用煤烟污染；用煤炱覆盖；用煤烟熏黑 [Old English sōt, from Germanic]

sooth /su:θ/ n. archaic  truth, fact [古义]真实；事实 □ in sooth   really, truly 事实上；确实，真实地 [Old English sōth (originally adj., = true), from Germanic]

soothe /su:ð/ v. tr.  1  calm (a person or feelings) 安慰，劝慰(人或感情) 2  soften or mitigate (pain) 缓和，减轻(痛苦) 3 archaic  flatter or humour [古义]奉承，迎合 □ soother  n.  □ soothing  adj.  □ soothingly  adv.   [Old English sōthian ‘verify’ from sōth ‘true’: see SOOTH]

soothsayer /ˈsu:θseiə/ n.  a diviner or seer 占卜者，预言者 [Middle English, = a person who says the truth: see SOOTH]

sooty /ˈsʊti/ adj. (sootier, sootiest)  1  covered with or full of soot 被煤烟污染的，被煤炱覆盖的，满是煤烟的 2 (esp. of an animal or bird) black or brownish black (尤指动物或鸟)乌黑色的，暗黑色的 □ sootily  adv.  □ sootiness  n.  

sop /sɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing given or done to pacify or bribe 礼品，抚慰品；小贿赂 2  a piece of bread etc. dipped in gravy etc. (泡在肉汁等中的)面包片 ●v. (sopped, sopping)  1 intr.  be drenched 泡，浸  came home sopping  回到家时浑身湿透了 sopping wet clothes  湿淋淋衣服 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  absorb (liquid) in a towel etc. (用毛巾等)吸干，揩干(液体) 3 tr.  wet thoroughly; soak 使湿透；使浸透 [Old English sopp, corresponding to Middle Low German soppe, Old High German sopfa ‘bread and milk’, probably from a weak grade of the base of Old English sūpan: see SUP1]

Sophia /səˈfaiə/   索菲娅 [人名]

Sophie /ˈsəufi/   索菲 [人名]

sophism /ˈsɒfiz(ə)m/ n.  a false argument, esp. one intended to deceive (尤指旨在欺骗的)诡辩；谬论 [Middle English from Old French sophime via Latin from Greek sophisma ‘clever device’, via sophizomai ‘become wise’ from sophos ‘wise’]

sophist /ˈsɒfist/ n.  1  a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments 诡辩者，诡辩家 2 Gk Antiq.  a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric, esp. one associated with moral scepticism and specious reasoning [古希腊]诡辩学者(传授哲学和修辞学的带薪学者，尤指精通伦理怀疑论和似是而非的推理术的学者) □ sophistic  /-ˈfistik/ adj.  □ sophistical  /səˈfistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sophistically  /səˈfistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Latin sophistes from Greek sophistēs, from sophizomai: see SOPHISM]

sophisticate v., adj. & n. ●v. /səˈfistikeit/  1 tr.  make (a person etc.) educated, cultured, or refined (指人)使世故，使懂事，使精明 2 tr.  make (equipment or techniques etc.) highly developed or complex (指设备或技术等)使精致，使复杂 3 tr.  a  involve (a subject) in sophistry 诡辩b  mislead (a person) by sophistry 用诡辩迷惑(人)；用诡辩误导(人) 4 tr.  deprive (a person or thing) of its natural simplicity, make artificial by worldly experience etc. 使(人或物)失去天真纯朴，使(人或物)矫揉造作 5 tr.  tamper with (a text etc.) for purposes of argument etc. 篡改(原文等) 6 tr.  adulterate (wine etc.) (给酒等)掺假 7 intr.  use sophistry 诡辩 ●adj. /səˈfistikət/  sophisticated 老于世故的；老练的；精明的 ●n. /səˈfistikət/  a sophisticated person 老于世故的人 □ sophistication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin sophisticare ‘tamper with’ from sophisticus (as SOPHISM)]

sophisticated /səˈfistikeitid/ adj.  1  a (of a person) cultured and refined; discriminating in taste and judgement (人)精明的；练达的b  appealing to sophisticated people or sophisticated taste 老于世故的，富有经验的 2 (of a thing, idea, etc.) highly developed and complex (事物、思想等)深奥微妙的；复杂的 □ sophisticatedly  adv.  

sophistry /ˈsɒfistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the use of sophisms 诡辩，诡辩法 2  a sophism 谬论；诡辩

sophomore /ˈsɒfəmɔ:/ n. N. Amer.  a second-year university or high school student [北美] (大学或中学的)二年级学生 □ sophomoric  /-ˈmɒrik/ adj.   [earlier sophumer from sophum, obsolete variant of SOPHISM]

Sophy /ˈsəʊfi/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a ruler of Persia in the 16th － 17th c. [史义]萨非 (16 至 17 世纪波斯君主的称号) [Persian safī surname of the dynasty, from Arabic safī-ud-dīn ‘pure of religion’, title of the founder's ancestor]

soporific /sɒpəˈrifik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  tending to produce sleep 催眠的 ●n.  a soporific drug or influence 安眠药，催眠药 □ soporiferous  adj.  □ soporifically  adv.   [Latin sopor ‘sleep’ + -FIC]

sopping /ˈsɒpiŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 sopping wet)  soaked with liquid; wet through 湿透的；浸透的 [pres. part. of SOP v.]

soppy /ˈsɒpi/ adj. (soppier, soppiest)  1 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  silly or foolish in a feeble or self-indulgent way 愚蠢的b  mawkishly sentimental 易动感情的，多愁善感的 2 (foll. by 后跟 on) Brit. colloq.  foolishly infatuated with [英口]痴情于，迷恋于 3  soaked with water 浸湿的；湿透的 □ soppily  adv.  □ soppiness  n.   [SOP + -Y1]

sopranino /sɒprəˈni:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Mus.  an instrument higher than soprano, esp. a recorder or saxophone 【音】高音乐器(尤指八孔直笛或萨克斯管) [Italian, diminutive of SOPRANO]

soprano /səˈprɑ:nəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  the highest singing voice 最高音b  a female or boy singer with this voice 女高音歌手；男童声高音歌手c  a part written for it 高音声部 2  a  an instrument of a high or the highest pitch in its family 高音乐器b  the player of such an instrument 高音乐器演奏者 [Italian from sopra ‘above’, from Latin supra]

soprano clef n.  an obsolete clef placing middle C on the lowest line of the staff 高音谱号(把中音 C 放在五线谱最低线的谱号，现已弃用)

soprano recorder n. US [美]  = DESCANT RECORDER 

sora /ˈsɔ:rə, ˈsəʊrə/ n. (in full 全称 sora rail)  a bird, Porzana carolina, frequenting the marshes of N. and S. Carolina etc. in the autumn and used as food 黑脸田鸡(秋季多见于南、北卡罗来纳州的沼泽地，可食用) [probably a native name]

sorb /sɔ:b/ n.  1  = SERVICE TREE  2 (in full 全称 sorb-apple)  the fruit of this 花楸果；山梨 [French sorbe or Latin sorbus ‘service tree’, sorbum ‘service-berry’]

sorbefacient /sɔ:biˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n. Med. 【医】  ●adj.  causing absorption 促进吸收的 ●n.  a sorbefacient drug etc. 吸收促进药 [Latin sorbēre ‘suck in’ + -FACIENT]

sorbet /ˈsɔ:bei, -bit/ n.  1  a water ice 果汁冰水 2  sherbet 冰冻果子露 [French via Italian sorbetto from Turkish serbet, from Arabic šarba ‘to drink’: cf. SHERBET]

sorbitol /ˈsɔ:bitɒl/ n.  a sweet-tasting crystalline alcohol found in some fruit, used in industry and as a food additive 山梨糖醇(一种味甜的晶体乙醇，发现于某些水果之中，用于工业和作食品添加剂) [SORB + -ITE1 + -OL1]

Sorbo /ˈsɔ:bəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 Sorbo rubber) Brit. propr.  a spongy rubber [英] [商标]吸水海绵橡皮 [ABSORB + -O]

sorcerer /ˈsɔ:s(ə)rə/ n. (fem. sorceress /-ris/)  a person who claims to use magic powers; a magician or wizard 男巫士，魔法师 □ sorcerous  adj.  □ sorcery  n. (pl. -ies)   [obsolete sorcer from Old French sorcier, ultimately from Latin sors sortis ‘lot’]

sordid /ˈsɔ:did/ adj.  1  dirty or squalid 肮脏的，邋遢的 2  ignoble, mean, or mercenary 卑鄙的，下贱的，惟利是图的 3  mean or niggardly 吝啬的，小气的 4  dull-coloured 色彩暗淡的 □ sordidly  adv.  □ sordidness  n.   [French sordide or Latin sordidus, from sordēre ‘be dirty’]

sordino /sɔ:ˈdi:nəʊ/ n. (pl. sordini /-ni/) Mus.  a mute for a bowed or wind instrument 【音】(弓形乐器或管乐器上的)弱音器 [Italian from sordo ‘mute’, from Latin surdus]

sore /sɔ:/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1 (of a part of the body) painful from injury or disease (身体部位)疼痛的  has a sore arm  胳膊痛 2 (of a person) suffering pain (人)痛苦的；悲痛的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 about, at)  aggrieved or vexed 痛心的，恼火的 4 archaic  grievous or severe [古义]剧烈的；极度的  in sore need  极为需要 ●n.  1  a raw or tender place on the body (身体上的)痛处；伤处 2  a source of distress or annoyance (精神上的)痛处；恨事；伤心事  reopen old sores  重提伤心事 ●adv. archaic  grievously, severely [古义]剧烈地，极度地 □ soreness  n.   [Old English sɑˉr (n. & adj.), sɑˉre (adv.), from Germanic]

sorehead /ˈsɔ:hed/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a touchy or disgruntled person [北美口]性情暴躁的人，易发怒的人

sorel /ˈsɒr(ə)l/ n. Brit.  a male fallow deer in its third year [英]三岁的雄鹿 [variant of SORREL2]

sorely /ˈsɔ:li/ adv.  1  extremely, badly 极其，非常  am sorely tempted  极受诱惑 sorely in need of repair  极需修理 2  severely 剧烈地，激烈地  am sorely vexed  极为恼怒 [Old English sɑˉrlīce (as SORE, -LY2)]

sore point n.  a subject causing distress or annoyance (引起悲痛或恼怒的)痛处，痛点

sore throat n.  an inflammation of the lining membrane at the back of the mouth etc. 咽喉痛

sorghum /ˈsɔ:ɡəm/ n.  any tropical cereal grass of the genus Sorghum, e.g. durra 蜀黍，高粱 [modern Latin from Italian sorgo, perhaps from unrecorded Romanic syricum (gramen) ‘Syrian (grass)’]

sori pl.  of SORUS  

soroptimist /səˈrɒptimist/ n.  a member of an international association of clubs for professional and business women 国际职业妇女和女实业家联谊会成员 [Latin soror ‘sister’ + OPTIMIST (as OPTIMISM)]

sorority /səˈrɒriti/ n. (pl. -ies) N. Amer.  a female students' society in a university or college [北美] (大专院校的)女生联谊会 [medieval Latin sororitas or Latin soror ‘sister’, on the pattern of fraternity]

sorosis /səˈrəʊsis/ n. (pl. soroses /-si:z/) Bot.  a fleshy compound fruit, e.g. a pineapple or mulberry 【植】聚花果，椹果(如菠萝或桑葚) [modern Latin from Greek sōros ‘heap’]

sorption /ˈsɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ n.  absorption or adsorption happening jointly or separately 吸着(作用) [back-formation from absorption, adsorption]

sorrel1 /ˈsɒr(ə)l/ n.  1  any acid-leaved plant of the dock family, esp. Rumex acetosa, used in salads and for flavouring 酸模(酸模科任一种酸叶植物，用于作色拉和调味) 2  any of various plants with acid leaves 类似酸模的植物  wood sorrel  酸模树林 [Middle English from Old French surele, sorele, from Germanic]

sorrel2 /ˈsɒr(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of a light reddish-brown colour 红褐色的，栗色的 ●n.  1  this colour 红褐色，栗色 2  a sorrel animal, esp. a horse 栗色的动物；(尤指)栗色马 3 Brit.  a sorel [英]三岁的雄鹿 [Middle English via Old French sorel, from sor ‘yellowish’, from Frankish]

sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  mental distress caused by loss or disappointment etc. 悲痛，悲伤，忧伤 2  a cause of sorrow 伤心事，悲伤的原因 3  lamentation 悲叹；哀悼 ●v. intr.  1  feel sorrow 感到悲伤 2  mourn 哀悼，哀痛 □ sorrower  n.  □ sorrowing  adj.   [Old English sorh, sorg]

sorrowful /ˈsɒrə(ʊ)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  feeling or showing sorrow 悲伤的，悲痛的 2  distressing, lamentable 令人悲伤的；可悲的 □ sorrowfully  adv.  □ sorrowfulness  n.   [Old English sorhful (as SORROW, -FUL)]

sorry /ˈsɒri/ adj. (sorrier, sorriest)  1 (作 predic.)  pained or regretful or penitent 抱歉的，遗憾的，懊悔的  were sorry for what they had done  为他们所做的事感到抱歉 am sorry that you have to go  很遗憾你不得不走 2 (作 predic.; foll. by 后跟 for)  feeling pity or sympathy for (a person) (为某人感到)难过的；惋惜的 3  as an expression of apology (表示道歉)对不起的，抱歉的 4  wretched; in a poor state 可怜的；可悲的  a sorry sight  悲惨景象 □ sorry for oneself   dejected 灰心丧气的□ sorrily  adv.  □ sorriness  n.   [Old English sɑˉrig, from West Germanic (as SORE, -Y2)]

sort /sɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a group of things etc. with common attributes; a class or kind 种类；类别；品种 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  roughly of the kind specified 性质；品质  is some sort of doctor  是个医生 3 colloq.  a person of a specified character or kind [口]某一种人，某一类人  a good sort  一个好人 4 Printing  a letter or piece in a fount of type 【印刷】(一套铅字中的)活字 5 Computing  the arrangement of data in a prescribed sequence 【计算】分类，排序 6 archaic  a manner or way [古义]举止；方式 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 out, over)  arrange systematically or according to type, class, etc. 把…分类；整理 2  = sort out 3, 4  □ after a sort   after a fashion 有些，略微□ in some sort   to a certain extent 稍微，有些□ of a sort (or of sorts)  colloq.  not fully deserving the name [口]勉强称得上的；徒有其名的  a holiday of sorts  徒有其名的假日□ out of sorts   1  slightly unwell 身体不适 2  in low spirits; irritable 情绪不佳；易怒的□ sort of  colloq.  as it were; to some extent [口]有几分，稍微  I sort of expected it  我料到几分了□ sort out   1  separate into sorts 整理，把…分类 2  select (things of one or more sorts) from a miscellaneous group 挑出；拣出 3  disentangle or put into order 清理，整理 4  a  resolve (a problem or difficulty) 解决(问题或困难)b  solve the problems of (a person) 解决(某人的)问题 5 colloq.  deal with or reprimand (a person) [口]惩处，责备(某人)□ sortable  adj.  □ sorter  n.  □ sorting  n.   [Middle English from Old French sorte, ultimately from Latin sors sortis ‘lot, condition’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at KIND1. 见 KIND1 的用法说明。 

sortie /ˈsɔ:ti:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sally, esp. from a besieged garrison (尤指从被包围地方的)出击，突围 2  an operational flight by a single military aircraft (单架军用飞机的)出动(架次) ●v. intr. (sorties, sortied, sortieing)  make a sortie; sally 出击；突围 [French, fem. past part. of sortir ‘go out’]

sortilege /ˈsɔ:tilidʒ/ n.  divination by lots 抽签占卜，抓阄占卜 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin sortilegium ‘sorcery’, from Latin sortilegus ‘sorcerer’ (as SORT, legere ‘choose’)]

sorting office n.  an office in which mail is sorted according to its destination 邮件分拣室

sort-out n.  an act of sorting out or putting something in order 整理，清理

sorus /ˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (pl. sori /-rai/) Bot.  a heap or cluster, esp. of spore cases on the undersurface of a fern leaf, or in a fungus or lichen 【植】(尤指蕨类植物的叶子下方、菌类或苔藓类植物所长的)孢子堆，囊群 [modern Latin from Greek sōros ‘heap’]

SOS n. (pl. SOSs)  1  an international code-signal of extreme distress, used esp. by ships at sea (尤指船只遇难时发出的国际通用的)紧急呼救信号 2  an urgent appeal for help 紧急求救 3 Brit.  a message broadcast to an untraceable person in an emergency [英]广播紧急找人 [chosen as being easily transmitted and recognized in Morse code; by folk etymology an abbreviation of save our souls]

sostenuto /sɒstəˈnu:təʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  in a sustained or prolonged manner 持续地(的) ●n. (pl. -os)  a passage to be played in this way 持续演奏的乐章 [Italian, past part. of sostenere SUSTAIN]

sot /sɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  a habitual drunkard 酒鬼，醉鬼 ●v. intr. (sotted, sotting)  tipple 酗酒 □ sottish  adj.   [Old English sott and Old French sot ‘foolish’, from medieval Latin sottus, of unknown origin]

soteriology /sə(ʊ)ˌtiəriˈɒlədʒi, sɒ-/ n. Theol.  the doctrine of salvation 【神】耶稣救世学，救世神学 □ soteriological  /-riəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek sōtēria ‘salvation’ + -LOGY]

Sothic /ˈsəʊθik, ˈsɒθ-/ adj.  of or relating to the dog-star, esp. with reference to the ancient Egyptian year fixed by its heliacal rising 天狼星的；(尤与古埃及历法相关)天狼年的 [Greek Sōthis, from the Egyptian name of the dog-star]

Sotho /ˈsu:tu/ adj. & n.  莱索托的(人)

sotto voce /sɒtəʊ ˈvəʊtʃi, 意 sotto ˈvotʃe/ adv.  in an undertone or aside 低声地，轻声地 [Italian sotto ‘under’ + voce ‘voice’]

sou /su:/ n.  1 hist.  a former French coin of low value [史义]苏(旧时法国低面值的硬币名) 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) colloq.  a very small amount of money [口]极少的钱  hasn't a sou  一个子儿也没有 [French, originally pl. sous, via Old French sout from Latin SOLIDUS]

soubrette /su:ˈbret/ n.  1  a pert maidservant or similar female character in a comedy (喜剧中风流机灵的)侍女，女仆 2  an actress taking this part 饰演风流机灵侍女的演员 [French from Provençal soubreto, fem. of soubret ‘coy’ from sobrar, from Latin superare ‘be above’]

soubriquet var.  of SOBRIQUET  SOBRIQUET 的变体

souchong /ˈsu:ʃɒŋ/ n.  a fine black kind of China tea 小种茶(产于中国的一种红茶) [Chinese xiao ‘small’ + zhong ‘sort’]

souffle /ˈsu:f(ə)l/ n. Med.  a low murmur heard in the auscultation of various organs etc. 【医】杂音(指用听诊器听到的身体器官的杂音) [French from souffler ‘to blow’, from Latin sufflare]

soufflé /ˈsu:flei/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a light spongy dish usu. made with flavoured egg yolks added to stiffly beaten whites of eggs and baked (通常把加了调味料的蛋黄加入打稠的蛋白烘制而成的)蛋奶酥  cheese soufflé  奶酪蛋奶酥 2  any of various light sweet or savoury dishes made with beaten egg whites 蛋奶甜食(或菜肴) ●adj.  1  light and frothy or spongy 蓬松的，松软的  omelette soufflé  摊鸡蛋酥 2 (of ceramics) decorated with small spots (陶器)有小点图案装饰的 [French, past part. of souffler (as SOUFFLE)]

sough /saʊ, sʌf/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  make a moaning, whistling, or rushing sound, as of the wind in trees etc. (风)飕飕地响，飒飒地吹 ●n.  this sound 飕飕声，飒飒声 [Old English swōgan ‘resound’]

sought past and past part.  of SEEK 

sought after adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  much in demand; generally desired or courted 供不应求的；广受欢迎的

souk /su:k/ n. (also 亦作 suk, sukh, suq)  an Arab market or market place; a bazaar (阿拉伯国家的)露天市场 [Arabic sūk]

soul /səʊl/ n.  1  the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, often regarded as immortal 心灵，灵魂 2  the moral, emotional, or intellectual nature of a person 道义，情操，精神 3  the personification or pattern of something (某事的)化身，典范  the very soul of discretion  谨慎小心的典型体现 4  an individual 人，家伙  not a soul in sight  连一个人影也看不到 5  a  a person regarded with familiarity or pity etc. 熟悉的人；可怜的人  the poor soul was utterly confused  这个可怜的人完全糊涂了b  a person regarded as embodying moral or intellectual qualities (体现某种道德品质或智力因素的)典型，化身  left that to meaner souls  把那个留给更卑鄙的人 6  a person regarded as the animating or essential part of something 精髓，精华，核心人物  the life and soul of the party  此次聚会的核心人物 7  emotional or intellectual energy or intensity, esp. as revealed in a work of art (艺术作品所体现的)强烈感情，激情  pictures that lack soul  缺乏激情的图画 8  = SOUL MUSIC  □ the soul of honour   a person incapable of dishonourable conduct 诚实的人□ upon my soul   an exclamation of surprise 天哪(表示惊讶)□ -souled  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English sɑˉwol, sɑˉwel, sɑˉwl, from Germanic]

soul-destroying adj. (of an activity etc.) deadeningly monotonous (活动等)消磨精神的，枯燥乏味的

soul food n.  the traditional food of American blacks 美国黑人的传统食品

soulful /ˈsəʊlfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  having or expressing or evoking deep feeling 充满感情的；深情的 2 colloq.  over-emotional [口]过分激动的 □ soulfully  adv.  □ soulfulness  n.  

soulless /ˈsəʊllis/ adj.  1  lacking sensitivity or noble qualities 冷漠无情的；缺乏高尚精神的 2  having no soul 没有灵魂的，没有精神的 3  undistinguished or uninteresting 枯燥乏味的；没精打采的 □ soullessly  adv.  □ soullessness  n.  

soulmate /ˈsəʊlmeit/ n.  a person ideally suited to another 性情相投的朋友，心心相印的伙伴

soul music n.  a kind of music incorporating elements of rhythm and blues and gospel music, popularized by American blacks 灵乐(由美国黑人发展起来的带有布鲁斯和福音唱诗风格且节奏感强的流行音乐)

soul-searching n. & adj. ●n.  the examination of one's emotions and motives 内省，反省 ●adj.  characterized by such examination 进行深刻反省的

sound1 /saʊnd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sensation caused in the ear by the vibration of the surrounding air or other medium 声音；声响 2  a  vibrations causing this sensation 声(波)b  similar vibrations whether audible or not 各种声音(波) 3  what is or may be heard 听力范围，听距 4  an idea or impression conveyed by words (言词传达的)印象；感觉  don't like the sound of that  不喜欢那种语调 5  mere words 闹声，嘈杂声  sound and fury  喧嚣吵嚷 6 (in full 全称 musical sound)  sound produced by continuous and regular vibrations (cf. 参见 NOISE n. 3) 音乐声，乐声 7  any of a series of articulate utterances 音  vowel and consonant sounds  元音和辅音 8  music, speech, etc., accompanying a film or other visual presentation (电影或其他视觉资料的)声音材料 9 (often 常作 attrib.)  broadcasting by radio as distinct from television (不同于电视的)无线电广播 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  emit or cause to emit sound (使)发声 2 tr.  utter or pronounce 发出(声音)，发音  sound a note of alarm  发出警报 3 intr.  convey an impression when heard 听起来  you sound worried  你听起来很忧虑 4 tr.  give an audible signal for (an alarm etc.) (以声音)宣告，发布(警报等) 5 tr.  test (the lungs etc.) by noting the sound produced 听诊，听验(肺音等) 6 tr.  cause to resound; make known 宣扬；传颂  sound their praise  说出他们的赞美之词 □ sound off   talk loudly or express one's opinions forcefully 高声说话，直率地发表意见□ soundless  adj.  □ soundlessly  adv.  □ soundlessness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French soun, Old French son (nouns), Anglo-French suner, Old French soner (verbs) from Latin sonus]

sound2 /saʊnd/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  healthy; not diseased or injured 健康的，健全的 2 (of an opinion or policy etc.) correct, orthodox, well-founded, judicious (意见或政策等)正确的；正统的；合乎逻辑的；明智的 3  financially secure 资金充足的，殷实的  a sound investment  可靠的投资 4  undisturbed; tending to sleep deeply and unbrokenly 完全的，酣畅的  sound sleep  酣睡 a sound sleeper  酣睡者 5  severe, hard 剧烈的，猛烈的  a sound blow  沉重的打击 ●adv.  soundly 充分地，酣畅地  sound asleep  酣睡 □ soundly  adv.  □ soundness  n.   [Middle English sund, isund from Old English gesund, from West Germanic]

sound3 /saʊnd/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  1 tr.  test the depth or quality of the bottom of (the sea or a river etc.) 探测，测量(大海或河流等的深度或底床性质) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  inquire (esp. cautiously ordiscreetly) into the opinions or feelings of (a person) 试探，探听，探询(某人的意见或情感) 3 tr.  find the depth of water in (a ship's hold) 测量(底层舱的水深) 4 tr.  get records of temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. from (the upper atmosphere) 记录(大气层的温度、湿度、气压等) 5 tr.  examine (a person's bladder etc.) with a probe 用探针检查(膀胱等) 6 intr. (of a whale or fish) dive to the bottom (鲸鱼或鱼)潜入水底 ●n.  a surgeon's probe (外科医生的)探针 □ sounder  n.   [Middle English from Old French sonder, ultimately from Latin SUB- + unda ‘wave’]

sound4 /sɑʊnd/ n.  1  a  a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or a sea with a lake etc. 海峡b  an arm of the sea 海湾 2  a fish's swim-bladder (鱼的)鳔 [Old English sund, = Old Norse sund ‘swimming, strait’, from Germanic: related to SWIM]

soundalike /ˈsaʊndəlaik/ n.  a person or thing closely resembling another in sound 声音相似的人(或物)

sound barrier n.  the high resistance of air to aircraft etc. moving at speeds near that of sound 音障，声障，声垒

sound bite n.  a short extract from a recorded interview, chosen for its pungency or appropriateness 访谈录音节选

soundboard /ˈsaʊn(d)bɔ:d/ n.  a thin sheet of wood over which the strings of a piano etc. pass to increase the sound produced (钢琴等的)增音板，共鸣板

soundbox /ˈsaʊn(d)bɒks/ n.  the hollow chamber providing resonance and forming the body of a stringed musical instrument (乐器的)共鸣箱

sound card n.  a device which can be slotted into a computer to allow the use of audio components for multimedia applications (电脑的)声卡

soundcheck /ˈsaʊn(d)tʃek/ n.  a test of sound equipment before a musical performance or recording to check that the desired sound is being produced (演出或录音前对音响设备的)校音

sound effect n.  a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, etc. (戏剧、电影等中人工合成的)音响效果

sound engineer n.  an engineer dealing with acoustics etc., for a broadcast, musical performance, etc. 音响师，录音师

soundhole /ˈsaʊndhəʊl/ n.  an aperture in the belly of some stringed instruments (某些弦乐器腹板上的)音孔

sounding1 /ˈsaʊndiŋ/ n.  1  a  the action or process of measuring the depth of water, now usu. by means of echo (现在通常依靠回声进行的)水深测量b  an instance of this 测深  took a sounding  测量水深 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a region close to the shore of the right depth for sounding 测深锤所能到达的近岸水域b Naut.  measurements taken by sounding 【海】(测得的)水深c  cautious investigation 试探，探查  made soundings as to his suitability  试探他是否合适 3  a  the determination of any physical property at a depth in the sea or at a height in the atmosphere 探深，探空b  an instance of this 探深，探空

sounding2 /ˈsaʊndiŋ/ adj.  1  giving forth (esp. loud or resonant) sound 声音洪亮的，响亮的  sounding brass  声音洪亮的铜管乐器 2  emptily boastful, resonant, or imposing 空洞的；共鸣的；雄浑的  sounding promises  空洞的许诺

sounding-balloon n.  a balloon used to obtain information about the upper atmosphere (see 见 SOUND3 v. 4) 探空气球

sounding board n.  1  a canopy over a pulpit etc. to direct sound towards the congregation (设在讲台等上方以增加音响效果的)传声结构板 2  = SOUNDBOARD  3  a  a means of causing opinions etc. to be more widely known (意见等的)宣传媒介  used his students as a sounding board  利用他的学生来宣传b  a person etc. used as a trial audience (用来测验外界对某种意见的反应的)被征询的人

sounding line n.  a line used in sounding the depth of water 测深索

sounding rod n.  a rod used in finding the depth of water in a ship's hold (see 见 SOUND3 v. 1) (用于测量水舱水深的)测深杆

sound post n.  a small prop between the belly and back of some stringed instruments (某些弦乐器腹板与背部之间的)音栓

soundproof /ˈsaʊn(d)pru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj.  impervious to sound 隔音的 ●v. tr.  make soundproof 使隔音

sound shift  see 见 SHIFT n. 6 

sound spectrograph n.  an instrument for analysing sound into its frequency components 声谱仪

sound system n.  a set of equipment for the reproduction of sound 音响设备

soundtrack /ˈsaʊn(d)træk/ n.  1  the recorded sound element of a film 电影配乐 2  this recorded on the edge of a film in optical or magnetic form (电影胶片边上的)声带

sound wave n.  a wave of compression and rarefaction, by which sound is propagated in an elastic medium, e.g. air 声波

soup /su:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a usu. savoury liquid dish made by boiling meat, fish, or vegetables etc. in stock or water 汤，羹 2 US slang  nitroglycerine or gelignite, esp. for safe-breaking [美] [俚语] (尤指用于炸开保险箱的)硝化甘油炸药 3 slang  the chemicals in which film is developed [俚语]显影液 4 colloq.  fog; thick cloud [口]浓雾；厚云层 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) (usu. as 通常作 souped-up adj.) colloq. [口]  1  increase the power and efficiency of (an engine) 加大(发动机的)马力 2  increase the power or impact of (writing, music, etc.) 增强(作品、音乐等的)感染力 □ in the soup  colloq.  in difficulties [口]处于困境 [French soupe ‘sop, broth’, from Late Latin suppa, from Germanic]

soup and fish n. colloq.  men's evening dress [口]男式晚礼服

soup kitchen n.  a place dispensing soup etc. to the poor (救济贫民的)施食处，施粥所

soup plate n.  a deep wide-rimmed plate for serving soup 汤盆

soup spoon n.  a large spoon with a round bowl for drinking soup 汤匙

soupy /ˈsu:pi/ adj. (soupier, soupiest)  1  of or resembling soup 汤的；汤似的 2 colloq.  sentimental; mawkish [口]多愁善感的；伤感的 □ soupily  adv.  □ soupiness  n.  

soupçon /ˈsu:psɒn/ n.  a very small quantity; a dash 微量，一点儿 [French via Old French sou(s)peçon from medieval Latin suspectio -onis: see SUSPICION]

sour /saʊə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar, esp. because of unripeness (尤指未成熟引起的)酸的，有酸味的  sour apples  酸苹果 2  a (of food, esp. milk or bread) bad because of fermentation (尤指牛奶或面包类食物由于发酵引起的)酸的，有酸味的b  smelling or tasting rancid or unpleasant 馊的，酸臭的 3 (of a person, temper, etc.) harsh; morose; bitter (人、脾气等)严厉的；乖戾的；尖酸刻薄的 4 (of a thing) unpleasant; distasteful (事物)令人不快的；讨厌的 5 (of the soil) deficient in lime and usually dank (土壤)酸性过重的；阴湿的 ●n.  1 N. Amer.  an alcoholic drink with lemon juice or lime juice [北美]酸味酒(加柠檬汁或酸橙汁的烈性酒)  whisky sour  酸味威士忌酒 2  an acid solution used in bleaching etc. (用于漂白等的)酸性洗涤剂 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become sour (使)变酸；(使)变得乖戾  soured the cream  使奶油变酸 soured by misfortune  因遭厄运而变得尖酸刻薄 □ go (or turn) sour   1 (of food etc.) become sour (食物等)变酸，发酸 2  turn out badly 出错，令人失望  the job went sour on him  这项工作在他这里出了毛病 3  lose one's keenness 对…失去兴趣，对…不再热衷□ sourish  adj.  □ sourly  adv.  □ sourness  n.   [Old English sūr, from Germanic]

source /sɔ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spring or fountain from which a stream issues 源头；水源；源泉  the sources of the Nile  尼罗河的源头 2  a place, person, or thing from which something originates 根源；来源  the source of all our troubles  我们一切烦恼的根源 3  a person or document etc. providing evidence 提供消息者；原始资料  reliable sources of information  可靠的消息提供人士 historical source material  历史原始资料 4  a  a body emitting radiation etc. 辐射源b Physics  a place from which a fluid or current flows 【物理学】(流体起始的)源c Electronics  a part of a transistor from which carriers flow into the interelectrode channel 【电子学】源极 ●v. tr.  obtain (esp. components) from a specified source (从某个来源)获得(尤指配件) □ at source   at the point of origin or issue 在源头，在始发地 [Middle English via Old French sors, sourse, past part. of sourdre ‘rise’, from Latin surgere]

sourcebook /ˈsɔ:sbʊk/ n.  a collection of documentary sources for the study of a subject (研究某个专题的)原始资料(集)

source-criticism n.  the evaluation of different, esp. successive, literary or historical sources 渊源批评(尤指对文学或历史前后不同原始资料的考证评估)

sour cream n.  cream deliberately fermented by adding bacteria (加入真菌发酵制成的)酸奶油

sourdough /ˈsaʊədəʊ/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a leaven for making bread etc., consisting of fermenting dough, originally that left over from a previous baking (做面包等用的)酵母面，面肥 2  bread made from this 发面面包 3  an experienced prospector in Alaska etc.; an old timer (阿拉斯加等地的)探矿者；老居民 [dialect, = leaven, in allusion to piece of sour dough for raising bread baked in winter]

sour grapes n. pl.  resentful disparagement of something one cannot personally acquire 酸葡萄(喻指由于得不到而加以贬低的东西)

sour mash n. US  a mash for brewing or distilling which is made acid to promote fermentation [美] (用于酿酒或蒸馏的)酸麦芽浆

sourpuss /ˈsaʊəpʊs/ n. colloq.  a sour-tempered person [口]性情乖戾的人，尖酸刻薄的人 [SOUR + PUSS = face]

soursop /ˈsaʊəsɒp/ n.  1  a W. Indian evergreen tree, Annona muricata 刺果番荔枝(产于西印度的一种常青树) 2  the large succulent fruit of this tree 刺果番荔枝(果实)

sous- /su:(z)/ prefix (in words adopted from French) subordinate, under (sous-chef 助理厨师) (源于法语词)从属的，下级的 [French]

sousaphone /ˈsu:zəfəʊn/ n.  a large brass bass wind instrument encircling the player's body 大号，苏萨号(环绕吹奏者身体的大型低音铜管乐器) □ sousaphonist  /-ˈzɒf(ə)nist/ n.   [named after J. P. Sousa, American bandmaster d. 1932, on the pattern of saxophone]

souse /saʊs/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  put (gherkins, fish, etc.) in pickle 腌(小黄瓜、鱼等) 2 tr. & intr.  plunge into liquid 浸，泡 3 tr. (as 作 soused adj.) colloq.  drunk [口]喝醉的 4 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  soak (a thing) in liquid 浸，泡；(使)湿透 5 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 over)  throw (liquid) over a thing (用水)泼，浇 ●n.  1  a  pickle made with salt (盐)腌汁b US  food, esp. a pig's head etc., in pickle [美]腌货(尤指腌猪头等) 2  a dip, plunge, or drenching in water 浸，泡 3 colloq. [口]  a  a drinking bout 狂饮b  a drunkard 酒鬼 [Middle English via Old French sous, souz ‘pickle’ from Old Saxon sultia, Old High German sulza ‘brine’, from Germanic: related to SALT]

souslik /ˈsu:slik/ n. (also 亦作 suslik /ˈsʌs-/)  a Eurasian ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, esp. S. citellus of SE Europe 地松鼠(产于欧亚大陆) [Russian]

soutache /su:ˈtæʃ/ n.  a narrow flat ornamental braid used to trim garments (衣服镶边用的)饰带 [French from Hungarian sujtɑˊs]

soutane /su:ˈtɑ:n/ n. RC Ch.  a cassock worn by a priest 【天主教】(神父穿的)黑色法衣 [French from Italian sottana, via sotto ‘under’ from Latin subtus]

souteneur /su:təˈnɜ:, 法 sutənœr/ n.  a pimp 为妓女拉客的人，拉皮条的人 [French, = protector]

souter /ˈsu:tə/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a shoemaker; a cobbler [苏格兰和英格兰北部]制鞋匠；补鞋匠 [Old English sūtere from Latin sutor, from suere sut- ‘sew’]

souterrain /ˈsu:tərein/ n. esp. Archaeol.  an underground chamber or passage (尤)【考古】地宫，地下室；地下通道 [French, from sous ‘under’ + terre ‘earth’]

south /saʊθ/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  the point of the horizon 90° clockwise from east 南 2  the compass point corresponding to this 南(指南针上的方位) 3  the direction in which this lies 南方 4 (usu. 通常 the South)  a  the part of the world or a country or a town lying to the south (世界、国家或地区的)南部，南方b  the southern states of the US 美国南方各州 5 Bridge  a player occupying the position designated ‘south’ 【桥牌】南家(座位在“南”位置的玩牌者) ●adj.  1  towards, at, near, or facing the south 朝南的，在南方的，靠近南方的，面朝南的  a south wall  南墙 south country  南国 2  coming from the south 来自南方的  south wind  南风 ●adv.  1  towards, at, or near the south 朝南，在南方，靠近南方  they travelled south  他们向南旅行 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  further south than 在…以南 ●v. intr.  1  move towards the south 朝南移动 2 (of a celestial body) cross the meridian (天体)穿过子午线 □ south by east (or west)   between south and south-south-east (or south-south-west) 南偏东(或西)□ to the south  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  in a southerly direction 在…之南 [Old English sūth]

South Africa   南非

South African adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the republic of South Africa 南非共和国的 ●n.  1  a native or national of South Africa 南非人 2  a person of South African descent 南非人后裔

South America n.  南美洲

South American adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to South America 南美洲的 ●n.  a native or citizen of South America 南美洲人

southbound /ˈsaʊθbaʊnd/ adj.  travelling or leading southwards 往南行的；向南的

South China Sea n.  南海

Southdown /ˈsaʊθdaʊn/ n.  1  a sheep of a breed raised esp. for mutton, originally on the South Downs of Hampshire and Sussex 南丘羊(英国汗普和萨塞克斯郡南部丘陵地区产的一种肉用羊) 2  this breed 南丘羊种

South-East n.  the part of a country or town lying to the south-east 东南部(地区)

south-east n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the point of the horizon midway between south and east 东南 2  the compass point corresponding to this 东南(指南针上的方位) 3  the direction in which this lies 东南方 ●adj.  of, towards, or coming from the south-east 东南的；向东南的；来自东南的 ●adv.  towards, at, or near the south-east 向东南；在东南；靠近东南

southeaster /saʊθˈi:stə/ n.  a south-east wind 东南风

south-easterly adj. & adv.  = SOUTH-EAST 

south-eastern adj.  lying on the south-east side 位于东南方的

south-eastward adj. & adv. (also 亦作 south-eastwards)  towards the south-east 向东南(的)

souther /ˈsaʊθə/ n.  a south wind 南风

southerly /ˈsʌðəli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  in a southern position or direction 在南的；向南的 2 (of a wind) blowing from the south (风)从南面吹来的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a southerly wind 南风

southern /ˈsʌð(ə)n/ adj. esp. Geog. (尤)【地理】  1  of or in the south; inhabiting the south 南的；在南方的；住在南方的 2  lying or directed towards the south 朝南的，南向的  at the southern end  在南端 □ southernmost  adj.   [Old English sūtherne (as SOUTH, -ERN)]

Southern Cone n.  the region of South America comprising the countries of Brazil, Paraguay, Uraguay, and Argentina 南美锥状地区(包括巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭和阿根廷)

Southern Cross n.  a small but prominent constellation of the southern hemisphere, in the shape of a cross (位于南半球的)南十字(星)座

southerner /ˈsʌð(ə)nə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the south 南方人；居住在南方的人

southern hemisphere n.  the half of the earth below the equator 南半球

southern lights n. pl.  the aurora australis 南极光

Southern Ocean n.  the expanse of ocean surrounding Antarctica 南极海

Southern States n. pl.  the states in the south, esp. the south-east, of the US 南部各州；(尤指)美国东南部诸州

southernwood /ˈsʌð(ə)nwʊd/ n.  a bushy kind of wormwood, Artemisia abrotanum Also called 亦称作 lad's love 青蒿

southing /ˈsaʊθiŋ/ n.  1  a southern movement 南行 2 Naut.  the distance travelled or measured southward 【海】南行航程 3 Astron.  the angular distance of a star etc. south of the celestial equator 【天】南向纬度差

South Island n.  南岛 [新西兰两主岛之一]

South Korea /kəˈriə/ n.  南韩 [亚洲]

southpaw /ˈsaʊθpɔ:/ n. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  a left-handed person, esp. in boxing (尤在拳击中)惯用左手的人，左撇子 ●adj.  left-handed 惯用左手的

south pole  see 见 POLE2 1 

South Sea n.  the southern Pacific Ocean 南太平洋

South Sea Bubble n. hist.  a scheme for trading in the southern hemisphere to repay the British national debt, which started and collapsed in 1720 [史义]南海泡沫(指 1720 年英国南海公司在南半球进行的股票投机骗局)

south-south-east n.  the point or direction midway between south and south-east 南东南

south-south-west n.  the point or direction midway between south and south-west 南西南

southward /ˈsaʊθwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (also 亦作 southwards)  towards the south 向南(的) ●n.  a southward direction or region 朝南的方向(或地区)■Usage 用法说明 In nautical use southward is often pronounced /ˈsʌðəd/. 在航海用语中， southward 常读作 /ˈsʌðəd / 。 

South-West n.  the part of a country or town lying to the south-west 西南部(地区)

south-west n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  the point of the horizon midway between south and west 西南 2  the compass point corresponding to this 西南(指南针上的方位) 3  the direction in which this lies 西南方 ●adj.  of, towards, or coming from the south-west 西南的；向西南的；来自西南的 ●adv.  towards, at, or near the south-west 向西南；在西南；靠近西南

southwester /saʊθˈwestə/ n.  a south-west wind 西南风

south-westerly adj. & adv.  = SOUTH-WEST 

south-western adj.  lying on the south-west side 位于西南的

south-westward adj. & adv. (also 亦作 south-westwards)  towards the south west 向西南(的)

south wind n.  a wind blowing from the south 南风

souvenir /su:vəˈniə/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a memento of an occasion, place, etc. 纪念品，纪念物 ●v. tr. Brit. slang  take as a souvenir; pilfer, steal [英] [俚语]收作纪念品；偷窃，小偷小摸 [French from souvenir ‘remember’, from Latin subvenire ‘occur to the mind’ (as SUB-, venire ‘come’)]

souvlaki /su:ˈvlɑ:ki/ n. (pl. souvlakia /-kiə/ or souvlakis)  a Greek dish of pieces of meat grilled on a skewer 希腊烤肉 [modern Greek]

sou'wester /saʊˈwestə/ n.  1  = SOUTHWESTER  2  a waterproof hat with a broad flap covering the neck (后檐较宽可以护颈的)防水帽

sov /sɒv/ n. Brit. colloq.  a sovereign, esp. hist. = SOVEREIGN n. 2 [英口]君王，君主 [尤史义] [abbreviation]

sovereign /ˈsɒvrin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a supreme ruler, esp. a monarch 最高统治者；(尤指世袭的)君主 2 Brit. hist.  a gold coin nominally worth £ 1 [英史义]面值 1 英镑的金币 ●adj.  1  a  supreme 至高无上的  sovereign power  最高权力b  unmitigated 十足的，完全的  sovereign contempt  十足的轻蔑 2  excellent; effective 极好的；有特效的  a sovereign remedy  特效药 3  possessing sovereign power 君主的，拥有君主权的  a sovereign state  君主国家 4  royal 皇家的，王室的  our sovereign lord  君主 □ sovereignly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French so(u)verain from Latin: -g- by association with reign]

sovereign good n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the greatest good, esp. for a state, its people, etc. (尤指为国家、人民等的)至善

sovereign pontiff  see 见 PONTIFF 

sovereignty /ˈsɒvrinti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  supremacy 君权，统治权 2  self-government 主权 3  a self-governing state 主权国家

soviet /ˈsəʊviət, ˈsɒv-/ n. & adj. hist. [史义] ●n.  1  an elected local, district, or national council in the former USSR 苏维埃(指前苏联的地方、地区和国家的公众选举机构之一) 2 (作 Soviet)  a citizen of the former USSR 前苏联公民 3 hist.  a revolutionary council of workers, peasants, etc., in Russia before 1917 [史义] (1917 年以前俄罗斯由工人、农民等组成的)劳工代表委员会 ●adj. (usu. 通常作 Soviet)  of or concerning the former Soviet Union 前苏联的 □ Sovietize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ Sovietization  /-taiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Russian sovet ‘council’]

sovietologist /səʊviəˈtɒlədʒist, sɒ-/ n.  a person who studies the former Soviet Union 前苏联问题专家

sow1 /səʊ/ v. tr. (past sowed /səʊd/; past part. sown /səʊn/ or sowed)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  scatter or put (seed) on or in the earth 播，撒(种子)b (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  plant (a field etc.) with seed (在土地等上)播种 2  initiate; arouse 激起，煽动  sowed doubt in her mind  惹起她的怀疑 3 (foll. by 后跟 with)  cover thickly with 使密布 □ sow the seed (or seeds) of   first give rise to; implant (an idea etc.) 播下…的种子，灌输(思想等)□ sower  n.  □ sowing  n.   [Old English sɑˉwan, from Germanic]

sow2 /saʊ/ n.  1  a  a female adult pig, esp. after farrowing (尤指产仔后的)母猪b  a female guinea pig 母豚鼠，母天竺鼠c  the female of some other species 雌性成年动物 2  a  the main trough through which molten iron runs into side-channels to form pigs 高炉铁水沟b  a large block of iron so formed 铁锭 3 (in full 全称 sow bug) esp. US  a woodlouse [尤美]土鳖 [Old English sugu]

sowback /ˈsaʊbæk/ n.  a low ridge of sand etc. 沙丘

sowbread /ˈsaʊbred/ n.  a tuberous plant, Cyclamen hederifolium, with solitary nodding flowers 仙客来(块茎植物，开单株低垂花朵)

Sowetan /səˈwet(ə)n, -ˈweit(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Soweto, a group of black African townships outside Johannesburg, South Africa (南非约翰内斯堡外黑人城镇的)索韦托人，索韦托居民 ●adj.  of Soweto or its people 索韦托的；索韦托人的 [Soweto (acronym from South Western Townships) + -AN]

sown past part.  of SOW1  

sowthistle /ˈsaʊθis(ə)l/ n.  any plant of the genus Sonchus with thistle-like leaves and milky juice 苦苣菜(叶片呈蓟状，汁液呈奶状)

sox Commerce 【商业】 pl.  of SOCK1 

soy /sɔi/ n.  1 (also 亦作 soy sauce)  a sauce made in Japan and China with fermented soya beans 酱油(产于中国和日本，通过大豆发酵制成的调味品) 2  = SOYA 1  [Japanese shō-yu from Chinese shi-you, from shi ‘salted beans’ + you ‘oil’]

soya /ˈsɔiə/ n.  1  a  a leguminous plant, Glycine max, originally of SE Asia, cultivated for its seeds 大豆，黄豆(原产于东南亚的一种豆科植物)b (in full 全称 soya bean)  the seed of this, used as a replacement for animal protein in certain foods, and as flour, oil, tofu, soy sauce, etc. 大豆，黄豆(在某些食品中可用来替代动物蛋白，并且可用于制作豆粉、油、豆腐、酱油等) 2 (also 亦作 soya sauce)  = SOY 1  [Dutch soja from Malay soi (as SOY)]

soybean /ˈsɔibi:n/ n.  = SOYA 1 

sozzled /ˈsɒz(ə)ld/ adj. colloq.  very drunk [口]烂醉的 [past part. of dialect sozzle ‘mix sloppily’ (probably imitative)]

SP abbr. [缩略]  starting price 

spa /spɑ:/ n.  1  a curative mineral spring 温泉，矿泉 2  a place or resort with this 温泉疗养地，矿泉疗养地 [Spa, a town and resort in Belgium]

space /speis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a continuous unlimited area or expanse which may or may not contain objects etc. 空间b  an interval between one, two, or three-dimensional points or objects 距离，间隔，间距  a space of 10 metres  10 米的间隔c  an empty area; room 空地；空间  clear a space in the corner  在角落里清理出一块空地 occupies too much space  占地太多了d  any of a limited number of places for a person or thing 空位  no spaces left at the table  桌旁没有空位了 2  a large unoccupied region 空地，场地  the wide open spaces  开阔的场地 3  a (also 亦作 outer space)  the physical universe beyond the earth's atmosphere 外层空间b  the near-vacuum extending between the planets and stars, containing small amounts of gas and dust 太空，宇宙空间 4  an interval of time 时间，间隔  in the space of an hour  在一小时内 5  the amount of paper used in writing etc. (用于书写等的)篇幅  hadn't the space to discuss it  没有篇幅来讨论它了 6  a  a slot in a newspaper or between television or radio programmes for advertising (报纸上的)广告版面；(电视或广播节目的)广告时段  he sells space  他出售广告版面b (in full 全称 commercial space)  an area rented or sold as business premises (用于出租或出售的)商务场所 7  a  a blank between printed, typed, or written words, etc. (印刷、打字或书写等的)空格，间隔b Printing  a piece of metal providing this 【印刷】空铅，隔条 8 Mus.  each of the blanks between the lines of a staff 【音】(五线谱的)线间空白 9  freedom to think, be oneself, etc. 思考的空间(如独处等)  need my own space  需要独处一会 ●v. tr.  1  set or arrange at intervals 设定间隔，按间隔排开 2  put spaces between (esp. words, letters, lines, etc. in printing, typing, or writing) (在印刷、打字或书写中尤指字、字母、行等之间)留出间隔 3 (as 作 spaced adj.) (often foll. by 常后跟 out) slang  in a state of euphoria or disorientation, esp. from taking drugs [俚语] (尤指因吸毒而变得)欣喜异常，神智不清 □ space out   spread out with more or wider spaces or intervals between 留出更大间隔□ spacer  n.  □ spacing  n. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)   [Middle English via Old French espace from Latin spatium]

space age n. & adj. ●n.  the era when the exploration of space has become possible 太空时代(指太空探索成为可能的时期) ●attrib. adj. (作 space-age)  very modern 非常现代的

space bar n.  a long key on a typewriter or computer keyboard for making a space between words etc. (打字机或计算机键盘上的)空格杆，空格键

space blanket n.  a light metal-coated sheet designed to retain heat 太空毯(保暖性能好的轻质毯，上覆金属层)

space capsule n.  a small spacecraft 太空舱，航天舱

spacecraft /ˈspeiskrɑ:ft/ n.  a vehicle used for travelling in space 宇宙飞船，航天器

space flight n.  1  a journey through space 太空飞行 2  = SPACE TRAVEL 

Space Invaders n. propr.  a computer game in which a player shoots at alien spaceships [商标]太空入侵者(一种计算机游戏)

spaceman /ˈspeismæn/ n. (pl. -men; fem. spacewoman, pl. -women)  a person who travels in space 宇航员，航天员

space probe n. see 见 PROBE n. 4 

space rocket n.  a rocket travelling through space, or used to launch a spacecraft 航天火箭(用于太空旅行或发射宇宙飞船)

space-saving adj.  1  occupying little space 占地极少的 2  that saves space 节省空间的

spaceship /ˈspeisʃip/ n.  a spacecraft, esp. one controlled by its crew (尤指由机组人员控制的)宇宙飞船，航天器

space shuttle n.  a rocket for repeated use, esp. between the earth and a space station (尤指往返于太空和地球之间的)航天飞机

space station n.  an artificial satellite used as a base for operations in space 宇宙空间站，太空站

spacesuit /ˈspeissu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a garment designed to allow an astronaut to survive in space 航天服，宇航服

space-time n. (also 亦作 space-time continuum)  the fusion of the concepts of space and time, esp. as a four-dimensional continuum (尤指作为四维连续统一体的)时空关系，时空

space travel n.  travel through outer space 太空旅行 □ space traveller  n.  

space vehicle n.  = SPACECRAFT 

space walk n.  any physical activity by an astronaut in space outside a spacecraft 太空行走(指宇航员在航天舱外的活动)

spacewoman  see 见 SPACEMAN 

spacey /ˈspeisi/ adj. (also 亦作 spacy) (spacier, spaciest)  1  large, roomy 广大的，宽敞的 2 esp. N. Amer. slang  out of touch with reality, spaced out [尤北美] [俚语]虚幻的，昏昏沉沉的

spacial var.  of SPATIAL  SPATIAL 的变体

spacious /ˈspeiʃəs/ adj.  having ample space; covering a large area; roomy 宽广的，宽敞的；广阔的，开阔的 □ spaciously  adv.  □ spaciousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French spacios or Latin spatiosus (as SPACE)]

spade1 /speid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tool used for digging or cutting the ground etc., with a sharp-edged metal blade and a long handle 铲，锹 2  a tool of a similar shape for various purposes, e.g. for removing the blubber from a whale (剖割鲸脂等用的)铲刀 3  anything resembling a spade 铲状物 ●v. tr.  dig over (ground) with a spade (用铲)挖，掘(地面) □ call a spade a spade   speak plainly or bluntly 直言不讳□ spadeful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English spadu, spada]

spade2 /speid/ n.  1  a  a playing card of a suit denoted by black inverted heart-shaped figures with small stalks (纸牌中的)黑桃b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit 黑桃花色 2 slang offens.  a black person [俚语] [冒犯]黑人 □ in spades  slang  to a high degree, with great force [俚语]肯定地，直率地 [Italian spade, pl. of spada ‘sword’, via Latin spatha from Greek spathē, related to SPADE1: associated with the shape of a pointed spade]

spade beard n.  an oblong-shaped beard 长方形胡须

spade foot n.  a square spadelike enlargement at the end of a chair leg (椅子腿的)铲形脚

spade guinea n. hist.  a guinea of George III's reign with a spade-shaped shield on the reverse [史义]黑桃几尼(乔治三世时期发行的背面刻有黑桃状盾牌的旧金币)

spadework /ˈspeidwɜ:k/ n.  hard or routine preparatory work 艰苦(或例行)的准备工作

spadille /spəˈdil/ n. Cards 【牌戏】  1  the ace of spades in ombre and quadrille (在 3 人玩的奥伯尔牌戏或 4 人玩的 40 张牌的牌戏中的)黑桃 A 2  the highest trump, esp. the ace of spades 最大的王牌(尤指黑桃 A) [French from Spanish espadilla, diminutive of espada ‘sword’ (as SPADE2)]

spadix /ˈspeidiks/ n. (pl. spadices /-si:z/) Bot.  a spike of flowers closely arranged round a fleshy axis and usu. enclosed in a spathe 【植】肉穗花序(通常被包在佛焰苞内紧排在粗轴周围的穗状花序) □ spadiceous  /-ˈdiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin from Greek, = palm branch]

spae /spei/ v. intr. & tr. Sc.  foretell; prophesy [苏格兰]预言；预示 [Middle English from Old Norse spɑˊ]

spaewife /ˈspeiwaif/ n. Sc.  a female fortune-teller or witch [苏格兰]算命女人；女巫

spaghetti /spəˈɡeti/ n.  pasta made in solid strings, between macaroni and vermicelli in thickness 意大利式细面条 [Italian, pl. of diminutive of spago ‘string’]

spaghetti Bolognese /bɒləˈneiz/ n.  spaghetti served with a sauce of minced beef, tomato, onion, etc. (加碎牛肉、蕃茄、洋葱等酱汁的)意大利式杂酱面 [Bolognese Italian, = of Bologna]

spaghetti junction n. Brit. colloq.  a multi-level road junction, esp. on a motorway [英口] (尤指高速公路上的)复式公路枢纽

spaghetti western n. colloq.  a western film made by Italians, esp. cheaply [口] (尤指意大利人廉价制作的)美国西部影片

spahi /ˈspɑ:hi:/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a member of the Turkish irregular cavalry (土耳其的)非正规骑兵 2  a member of the Algerian cavalry in French service (法军中的)阿尔及利亚籍骑兵 [Turkish sipɑˉhī (as SEPOY)]

Spain   西班牙

spake /speik/ archaic [古义] past  of SPEAK 

spall /spɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a splinter or chip, esp. of rock (尤指岩石的)碎片，裂片 ●v. intr. & tr.  break up or cause (ore) to break up in preparation for sorting 弄碎，击碎(矿石) [Middle English (also spale): origin unknown]

spallation /spɔ:ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Physics  the break-up of a bombarded nucleus into several parts 【物理学】裂变

spalpeen /spælˈpi:n/ n. Ir.  1  a rascal; a villain 无赖；流氓 2  a youngster 年轻人，少年 [Irish spailpín, of unknown origin]

spam /spæm/ n. propr.  a tinned meat product made mainly from ham [商标]斯帕姆午餐肉(主要用火腿制成的罐装肉制品) [spiced ham]

span1 /spæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the full extent from end to end in space or time (空间或时间的)跨度；间距，时距  the span of a bridge  桥的全长 the whole span of history  历史的全程 2  each arch or part of a bridge between piers or supports (桥墩间的)墩距，跨距 3  the maximum lateral extent of an aeroplane, its wing, a bird's wing, etc. (机翼、鸟翼等展开的最大宽度)翼展，翼幅 4  a  the maximum distance between the tips of the thumb and little finger 掌距(拇指尖至小指尖的最大长度)b  this as a measurement, equal to 9 inches 一掌距宽(等于 9 英寸) 5  a short distance or time 一段距离，一段时间  our life is but a span  我们的一生很短暂 ●v. (spanned, spanning)  1 tr.  a (of a bridge, arch, etc.) stretch from side to side of; extend across (桥、拱等)跨越，横跨  the bridge spanned the river  这座桥横跨在河上b (of a builder etc.) bridge (a river etc.) (建筑工人等) (在河等上)架桥 2 tr.  extend across (space or a period of time etc.) 延伸；贯穿 3 tr.  measure or cover the extent of (a thing) with one's hand with the fingers stretched (用拇指和小指)测量(某物)  spanned a tenth on the piano  在钢琴上跨弹十度音程 4 intr. US  move in distinct stretches like the span-worm [美] (像尺蠖一样)蠕动 [Old English span(n) or Old French espan]

span2 /spæn/ n.  1 Naut.  a rope with both ends fastened to take purchase in a loop 【海】跨绳(两端系紧的一段绳子) 2 N. Amer.  a matched pair of horses, mules, etc. [北美]共轭马(或骡等) 3 S. Afr.  a team of two or more pairs of oxen [南非]共轭牛 [Low German & Dutch span from spannen ‘unite’]

span3  see 见 SPICK AND SPAN 

span4 past  of SPIN  

Spandex /ˈspændeks/ n. propr.  a type of polyurethane fabric [商标]斯潘德克斯弹性纤维，氨纶 [aribitrary formation from EXPAND]

spandrel /ˈspændril/ n. Archit. 【建】  1  the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework (拱门、墙、天花板或支架外部弯曲处左边或右边的三角形的)拱肩 2  the space between the shoulders of adjoining arches and the ceiling or moulding above 上下层窗间墙面 [perhaps from Anglo-French spaund(e)re, or from espaundre EXPAND]

spandrel wall n.  a wall built on the curve of an arch, filling in the spandrel 拱肩墙；上下层窗间墙

spang /spæŋ/ adv. US colloq.  exactly; completely [美口]恰好；完全  spang in the middle  恰好在中间 [19th c.: origin unknown]

spangle /ˈspæŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small thin piece of glittering material, esp. used in quantity to ornament a dress etc.; a sequin (尤指衣服上用作装饰的)亮晶晶的饰片 2  a small sparkling object 闪闪发光的小物件 3 (in full 全称 spangle gall)  a spongy excrescence on oak leaves (栎叶上的)软赘(虫瘿) ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 spangled adj.)  cover with or as with spangles 使闪烁发光；以亮晶晶的饰片装饰  star-spangled  星光灿烂的 spangled costume  镶有闪光饰片的服装 □ spangly  /-ŋɡli/ adj.   [Middle English from spang, via Middle Dutch spange, Old High German spanga, Old Norse spöng ‘brooch’ from Germanic]

Spaniard /ˈspænjəd/ n.  1  a  a native or national of Spain in southern Europe 西班牙人b  a person of Spanish descent 西班牙人后裔 2 NZ  a spear grass [新]针茅 [Middle English from Old French Espaignart, from Espaigne ‘Spain’]

spaniel /ˈspænj(ə)l/ n.  1  a  a dog of any of various breeds with a long silky coat and drooping ears 长毛垂耳狗b  any of these breeds 长毛垂耳犬品种 2  an obsequious or fawning person 拍马屁者；摇尾乞怜者 [Middle English from Old French espaigneul ‘Spanish’ (dog) via Romanic from Latin Hispania ‘Spain’]

Spanish /ˈspæniʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Spain, its people, or its language 西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的 ●n.  1  the language of Spain and Spanish America 西班牙语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of Spain 西班牙人 □ Spanishness  n.   [Middle English from Spain, with shortening of the first element]

Spanish America n.  those parts of America originally settled by Spaniards, including Central and South America and part of the West Indies 讲西班牙语的美洲国家(指原为西班牙殖民地的美洲国家，包括中美、南美和西印度群岛部分国家和地区)

Spanish Armada n. hist.  the Spanish war fleet sent against England in 1588 [史义] (1588 年与英国作战的)西班牙无敌舰队

Spanish bayonet n.  a yucca, Yucca aloifolia, with stiff sharp-pointed leaves 王兰(一种生有剑状坚硬叶片的丝兰属植物)

Spanish chestnut n.  = CHESTNUTn. 1a 

Spanish fly n.  1  a bright green beetle, Lytta vesicatoria 西班牙绿芜菁，斑蝥(一种鲜绿色的甲虫) 2  a toxic preparation of the dried bodies of these beetles, formerly used to raise blisters, and supposedly aphrodisiac Also called 亦称作 cantharides (用碾碎晾干的斑蝥制成的有毒的、过去用于发疱并被认为能激发性欲的)斑蝥药

Spanish guitar n.  the standard six-stringed acoustic guitar, used esp. for classical and folk music 西班牙吉他(尤用于演奏古典音乐和民间音乐)

Spanish ibex n. (also 亦作 Spanish goat)  an ibex, Capra pyrenaica, inhabiting the Pyrenees (生活在比利牛斯山上的)西班牙野山羊

Spanish mackerel n.  any of various large Atlantic game fishes allied to the mackerel, esp. Scomberomorphus maculatus 西班牙鲛鱼(任一种产于大西洋的马鲛属的大型猎用鱼)；(尤指)橢斑马鲛

Spanish Main n. hist.  the NW coast of South America between the Orinoco river and Panama, and adjoining parts of the Caribbean Sea [史义]南美洲西北沿岸(从奥里诺科河口到巴拿马地峡以及加勒比海沿岸一带)

Spanish moss n.  a tropical American plant, Tillandsia usneoides, an epiphytic bromeliad which grows as silvery festoons on trees 铁兰(一种美洲热带植物，属凤梨科附生植物，攀附于树上，开银白色花)

Spanish omelette n.  an omelette containing chopped vegetables (esp. potatoes) and often not folded 西班牙蔬菜煎蛋饼

Spanish onion n.  a large mild-flavoured onion 球形淡味大洋葱

Spanish windlass n.  a device for tightening a rope etc. using a stick as a lever 卧式人力绞车

spank /spæŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  slap esp. on the buttocks with the open hand, a slipper, etc. (用巴掌、拖鞋等)拍打；(尤指)打屁股 2 intr. (of a horse etc.) move briskly, esp. between a trot and a gallop (马等)飞跑(尤指介于小跑和飞奔之间的状态) ●n.  a slap esp. with the open hand on the buttocks 拍打；打屁股 [perhaps imitative]

spanker /ˈspæŋkə/ n.  1  a person or thing that spanks 拍击者 2 Naut.  a fore-and-aft sail set on the after side of the mizzen-mast 【海】后纵帆，艉桅纵帆 3  a fast horse 骏马 4 colloq.  a person or thing of notable size or quality [口]卓越者，佼佼者

spanking /ˈspæŋkiŋ/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. of a horse) moving quickly; lively; brisk (尤指马)飞跑的，疾行的  at a spanking trot  疾行 2 colloq.  striking; excellent [口]了不起的；极好的 ●adv. colloq.  very, exceedingly [口]特别，非常  spanking clean  特别干净 ●n.  the act or an instance of slapping, esp. on the buttocks as a punishment for children 拍打；(尤指作为惩罚而打孩子的)屁股

spanner /ˈspænə/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  an instrument for turning or gripping a nut on a screw etc. (cf. 参见 WRENCH n. 2) [尤英]扳钳，扳手 2  the cross-brace of a bridge etc. (桥梁等的)交叉支撑，横拉条 □ spanner in the works  Brit.  a drawback or impediment [英]困难；障碍 [German spannen ‘draw tight’: see SPAN2]

span roof n.  a roof with two inclined sides (cf. 参见 PENTHOUSE 2, LEAN-TO) 同坡屋顶

spansule /ˈspænsju:l/ n. Pharm. propr.  a capsule which when swallowed releases one or more drugs over a set period 【药】[商标] (吞服后在一段时间内释放一次或多次药性的)长效胶囊 [SPAN1 + CAPSULE]

span-worm n. US  the caterpillar of the geometer moth [美]尺蠖(尺蠖蛾的幼虫)

spar1 /spɑ:/ n.  1  a stout pole esp. used for the mast, yard, etc., of a ship (尤指船上用作桅杆、帆桁等的)圆材 2  the main longitudinal beam of an aeroplane wing (飞机的)翼梁 [Middle English sparre, sperre from Old French esparre or Old Norse sperra or direct from Germanic: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German sparre, Old Saxon, Old High German sparro]

spar2 /spɑ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (sparred, sparring)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  make the motions of boxing without landing heavy blows (拳击中)轻拳出击；举拳作攻击与防卫姿态 2  engage in argument 争论，辩论；争吵  they are always sparring  他们总是争论不休 3 (of a gamecock) fight with the feet or spurs (斗鸡)用爪(或距铁)踢斗 ●n.  1  a  a sparring motion 轻拳出击的动作；拳斗动作(指攻击或防卫状态)b  a boxing match 拳击比赛 2  a cockfight 斗鸡 3  an argument or dispute 争论，辩论；争吵 [Old English sperran, spyrran, of unknown origin: cf. Old Norse sperrask ‘kick out’]

spar3 /spɑ:/ n.  any crystalline, easily cleavable, and non-lustrous mineral, e.g. calcite or fluorspar 晶石(任一种易裂、无光泽的晶状矿石，如方解石或氟石) □ sparry  adj.   [Middle Low German, related to Old English spœren ‘of plaster’, spœrstɑˉn ‘gypsum’]

sparable /ˈspærəb(ə)l/ n.  a headless nail used for the soles and heels of shoes (钉在鞋底或鞋后跟的)无头小钉 [contraction of sparrow-bill, also used in this sense]

sparaxis /spəˈræksis/ n.  any S. African plant of the genus Sparaxis (iris family), with showy flowers and jagged spathes 裂缘莲，水仙菖蒲(产于南非，开艳丽花朵，有锯齿状佛焰苞) [modern Latin from Greek, = laceration, from sparassō ‘tear’]

spar-buoy n.  a buoy made of a spar with one end moored so that the other stands up 柱形浮标

spar-deck n.  the light upper deck of a vessel 轻甲板

spare /spɛə/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  not required for ordinary use; extra 多余的，剩余的；空闲的  have no spare cash  没有余款b  reserved for emergency or occasional use 备用的  slept in the spare room  在备用房间里睡了c colloq.  not wanted or used by others [口]他人不需要的；别人不用的  a spare seat in the front row  前排的一个空位 2  lean; thin 瘦削的 3  scanty; frugal; not copious 不足的；节约的；少量的  a spare diet  简单的饮食 a spare prose style  简约的散文风格 ●n.  1  a spare part; a duplicate 备件；备用品 2 (in tenpin bowling) the knocking-down of all the pins with the first two balls (十柱滚木球游戏中的)两击全倒 ●v.  1 tr.  afford to give or do without; dispense with 抽出；让与，分让  cannot spare him just now  现在不能把他抽走 can spare you a couple  可以让给你两个 2 tr.  a  abstain from killing, hurting, wounding, etc. 饶恕；赦免；不伤害  spared his feelings  不伤他的感情 spared her life  饶她一命b  abstain from inflicting or causing; relieve from 免去，免除  spare me this talk  使我不必做这个讲话 spare my blushes  不使我害羞难为情 3 tr.  be frugal or grudging of 节约，俭省；吝惜  no expense spared  不惜工本 4 intr. archaic  be frugal [古义]节约 □ go spare  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  become extremely angry or distraught 极为气愤；极为心烦 2  be unwanted by others 变得多余□ not spare oneself   exert one's utmost efforts 竭尽全力，不遗余力□ to spare   left over; additional 多余的；剩余的  an hour to spare  剩下 1 小时□ sparely  adv.  □ spareness  n.  □ sparer  n.   [Old English spœr, sparian, from Germanic]

spare part n.  a duplicate part to replace a lost or damaged part of a machine etc. (机器等的)备件

spare rib n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  closely trimmed ribs of esp. pork 小排骨，带肉的肋骨(尤指猪排) [probably from Middle Low German ribbesper (by transposition of the syllables), and associated with SPARE]

spare time n. & adj. ●n.  time which is not taken up by one's usual activities; leisure time 业余时间，闲暇 ●attrib. adj. (作 spare-time)  relating to such time 业余时间的，闲暇的  spare-time activity  闲暇时的活动

spare tyre n.  1  an extra tyre carried in a motor vehicle for emergencies 备用轮胎 2 colloq.  a roll of fat round the waist [口]肉肚(腰腹部多余的脂肪组织)

sparge /spɑ:dʒ/ v. tr.  moisten by sprinkling, esp. in brewing (尤指酿造中)喷洒；喷射 □ sparger  n.   [apparently from Latin spargere ‘sprinkle’]

sparid /ˈspærid, ˈspeirid/ n. & adj. ●n.  any deep-bodied marine fish of the family Sparidae, with long spiny dorsal fins, e.g. a sea bream, a porgy 鲷科鱼(一种身体肥厚的海鱼，背鳍长而多刺，如海鲷和真鲷) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 鲷科的 [modern Latin Sparoides, via Latin sparus from Greek sparos ‘sea bream’]

sparing /ˈspɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  inclined to save; economical 节俭的，节约的 2  restrained; limited 有节制的；有限的 □ sparingly  adv.  □ sparingness  n.  

spark1 /spɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fiery particle thrown off from a fire, or alight in ashes, or produced by a flint, match, etc. 火花，火星；余火 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a particle of a quality etc. 丝毫，略微  not a spark of life  没有一丝生气 a spark of interest  一点兴趣 3 Electr. 【电】  a  a light produced by a sudden disruptive discharge through the air etc. (突然击穿放电产生的)电火花b  such a discharge serving to ignite the explosive mixture in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机火花塞的)放电 4  a  a flash of wit etc. (才智等的)激发，迸发b  anything causing interest, excitement, etc. 生气，活力 5  a small bright object or point, e.g. in a gem (宝石等上的)闪光点；小宝石 6 (作 Sparks)  a nickname for a radio operator or an electrician 无线电报务员；电工 ●v.  1 intr.  emit sparks of fire or electricity 冒出火星；发出火花 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  stir into activity; initiate (a process) suddenly 激励；引起，导致 3 intr. Electr.  produce sparks at the point where a circuit is interrupted 【电】(在电流截断的地方)冒电火花 □ sparkless  adj.  □ sparky  adj.   [Middle English from Old English spœrca, spearca]

spark2 /spɑ:k/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  1  a lively young fellow 翩翩少年 2  a gallant; a beau 纨绔子弟，花花公子 ●v. intr.  play the gallant 求爱；献殷勤 □ sparkish  adj.   [probably a figurative use of SPARK1]

spark chamber n.  an apparatus designed to show ionizing particles 火花室(一种粒子探测装置)

spark-gap n.  the space between electric terminals where sparks occur 火花隙(产生电火花的电接头之间的空隙)

sparking plug n. Brit. [英]  = SPARK PLUG 

sparkle /ˈspɑ:k(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  a  emit or seem to emit sparks; glitter; glisten 发出火花，放出火星；闪烁，闪耀  her eyes sparkled  她的双眼闪着光芒b  be witty; scintillate 才智焕发；才华横溢  sparkling repartee  对答如流 2 (usu. as 通常作 sparkling adj.) (of wine etc.) effervesce (cf. 参见 STILL1 adj. 4) (酒等)发泡，起泡沫 ●n.  a gleam, spark 闪光，闪耀；火花，火星 □ sparklingly  adv.  □ sparkly  adj.   [Middle English, from SPARK1 + -LE4]

sparkler /ˈspɑ:klə/ n.  1  a person or thing that sparkles 才华出众的人；闪亮的东西 2  a hand-held sparkling firework (手持的放出小火花的)烟花棒 3 colloq.  a diamond or other gem [口]钻石；宝石

spark plug n. (also 亦作 sparking plug)  a device for firing the explosive mixture in an internal-combustion engine (内燃机的)火花塞

sparling /ˈspɑ:liŋ/ n.  a European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus (欧洲产的)胡瓜鱼 [Middle English from Old French esperlinge, of Germanic origin]

sparring partner n.  1  a boxer employed to engage in sparring with another as training (拳击中作为陪练的)练拳对手 2  a person with whom one enjoys arguing 喜欢与之辩论的对手

sparrow /ˈspærəʊ/ n.  1  any small finchlike Old World bird of the family Ploceidae, with brown and grey plumage, esp. (in full 全称 house sparrow) Passer domesticus 麻雀(任一种产于东半球的雀科小鸟，羽毛呈棕色或灰色)；(尤指)家麻雀 2  a bird resembling these in size or colour, esp. a New World bird of the bunting family (尤指产于西半球的)类似麻雀的雀鸟  hedge sparrow  篱雀 song sparrow  歌雀 [Old English spearwa, from Germanic]

sparrow-grass /ˈspærəʊɡrɑ:s/ n. dial. or colloq.  asparagus [方] [口]芦笋

sparrowhawk /ˈspærəʊhɔ:k/ n.  a small hawk, Accipiter nisus, preying on small birds 雀鹰(一种捕食小鸟的小鹰)

sparse /spɑ:s/ adj.  thinly dispersed or scattered; not dense 稀少的；稀疏的  sparse population  稀少的人口 sparse greying hair  稀疏的灰白头发 □ sparsely  adv.  □ sparseness  n.  □ sparsity  n.   [Latin sparsus, past part. of spargere ‘scatter’]

Spartan /ˈspɑ:t(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to Sparta in ancient Greece (古希腊)斯巴达的；斯巴达人的 2  a  possessing the qualities of courage, endurance, stern frugality, etc., associated with Sparta 斯巴达式的(具有勇敢、坚韧、节俭等品质)b (of a regime, conditions, etc.) lacking comfort; austere (政体、条件等)严苛的；艰苦的 ●n.  a citizen of Sparta 斯巴达人 [Middle English via Latin Spartanus, from Sparta, from Greek Sparta, -tē]

spartina /spɑ:ˈtainə, -ˈti:nə/ n.  any grass of the genus Spartina, with rhizomatous roots and growing in wet or marshy ground 大米草(长有地下茎、生长在阴湿或沼泽地带的一种草) [Greek spartinē ‘rope’]

spasm /ˈspæz(ə)m/ n.  1  a sudden involuntary muscular contraction 痉挛，抽搐 2  a sudden convulsive movement or emotion etc. (动作或感情等的)阵发，突发  a spasm of coughing  一阵咳嗽 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of) colloq.  a brief spell of an activity [口]一阵活动 [Middle English via Old French spasme or Latin spasmus from Greek spasmos, spasma, from spaō ‘pull’]

spasmodic /spæzˈmɒdik/ adj.  1  of, caused by, or subject to, a spasm or spasms 痉挛的；由痉挛引起的；痉挛性的  a spasmodic jerk  肌肉痉挛 spasmodic asthma  痉挛性哮喘 2  occurring or done by fits and starts 间歇性的，阵发性的  spasmodic efforts  断断续续的努力 □ spasmodically  adv.   [modern Latin spasmodicus from Greek spasmōdēs (as SPASM)]

spastic /ˈspæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 often offens.  suffering from cerebral palsy with spasm of the muscles [常冒犯]患大脑性麻痹的 2 slang offens.  weak, feeble, incompetent [俚语] [冒犯]软弱的；低能的；无能力的 3  spasmodic 痉挛的；由痉挛引起的；痉挛性的 ●n.  1 often offens.  a person suffering from cerebral palsy [常冒犯]大脑性麻痹患者 2 slang offens.  a stupid or incompetent person [俚语] [冒犯]愚笨的人，低能的人 □ spastically  adv.  □ spasticity  /-ˈtisiti/ n.   [Latin spasticus from Greek spastikos ‘pulling’, from spaō ‘pull’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of the word spastic in the medical sense may be considered offensive as a result of its use as an offensive slang term. To avoid offence, the term cerebral palsy can be used, e.g. She suffers from cerebral palsy rather than She is a spastic. 由于 spastic 常用作冒犯性俚语，用于医学时可能会被认为是冒犯语。为避免冒犯，可用 cerebral palsy 这个术语，如 : She suffers from cerebral palsy (她患了大脑性麻痹症)，而不说 She is a spastic 。 

spat1 past and past part.  of SPIT1 

spat2 /spæt/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  a short cloth gaiter protecting the shoe from mud etc. [史义]鞋罩 2  a cover for the upper part of an aircraft wheel 飞机轮罩 [abbreviation of SPATTERDASH]

spat3 /spæt/ n. & v. orig. US esp. dial & colloq. [源于美] [尤方] [口] ●n.  a petty quarrel 口角，小争吵 ●v. intr. (spatted, spatting)  quarrel pettily 发生口角 [probably imitative]

spat4 /spæt/ n. & v. ●n.  the spawn of shellfish, esp. the oyster 蚝卵；(尤指)牡蛎卵 ●v. (spatted, spatting)  1 intr. (of an oyster) spawn (牡蛎)产卵 2 tr.  shed (spawn) 产(卵) [Anglo-French, of unknown origin]

spatchcock /ˈspætʃkɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  a chicken or esp. game bird split open and grilled 杀后洗净即煮的鸡(或猎禽) ●v. tr.  1  treat (poultry) in this way (把家禽)杀后洗净即煮 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  insert or interpolate (a phrase, sentence, story, etc.) esp. incongruously [尤英口] (尤指不适宜地)插入(短语、句子、故事等) [originally in Irish use, explained by Grose (1785) as from dispatch-cock, but cf. SPITCHCOCK]

spate /speit/ n.  1 Brit.  a river flood [英] (河水的)猛涨；泛滥  the river is in spate  河水猛涨 2  a large or excessive amount 大量，大批  a spate of enquiries  大量的询问 [Middle English, Scots & northern English: origin unknown]

spathe /speið/ n. Bot.  a large bract or pair of bracts enveloping a spadix or flower cluster 【植】佛焰苞(一种包裹肉穗花序或花簇的大型苞叶) □ spathaceous  /spəˈðeiʃəs/ adj.   [Latin from Greek spathē ‘broad blade’ etc.]

spathic /ˈspæθik/ adj. (of a mineral) like spar (see 见 SPAR3), esp. in cleavage (矿石，尤指裂开时)似晶石的 □ spathose  adj.   [spath ‘spar’ from German Spath]

spathic iron ore n.  = SIDERITE 1 

spatial /ˈspeiʃ(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 spacial)  of or concerning space 空间的；有关空间的  spatial extent  空间范围 □ spatiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ spatialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ spatially  adv.   [Latin spatium ‘space’]

spatio-temporal /ˌspeiʃiəʊˈtemp(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. Physics & Philos.  belonging to both space and time or to space-time 【物理学】【哲】存在于时间和空间的；时空的 □ spatio-temporally  adv.   [formed as SPATIAL + TEMPORAL1]

spatter /ˈspætə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  splash (a person etc.) 溅；洒  spattered him with mud  溅了他一身泥b  scatter or splash (liquid, mud, etc.) here and there (液体、泥水等)溅污 2 intr. (of rain etc.) fall here and there (雨等)滴下；洒落  glass spattered down  玻璃碎了一地 3 tr.  slander (a person's honour etc.) 诽谤，诋毁，中伤(某人的名誉等) ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a splash 溅；洒；泼溅  a spatter of mud  泼溅的污泥 2  a quick pattering sound 泼溅声 [frequentative from base also found in Dutch, Low German spatten ‘burst, spout’]

spatterdash /ˈspætədæʃ/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) hist.  a long gaiter or other legging to protect the stockings etc. from mud etc., esp. when riding [史义] (雨天骑马用的)防泥护腿；裤腿套 2 US [美]  = ROUGHCASTn. 

spatula /ˈspætjʊlə/ n.  a tool or implement with a broad, flat, blunt, often flexible blade, used for spreading, stirring, scraping, mixing (paints), etc. (涂抹、搅拌、铲刮或调漆等用的)抹刀，刮刀；刮勺；刮铲 [Latin, variant of spathula, diminutive of spatha SPATHE]

spatulate /ˈspætjʊlət/ adj.  1  spatula-shaped 抹刀形的，刮刀状的 2 (esp. of a leaf) having a broad rounded end (尤指叶子)匙形的；铲形的

spavin /ˈspævin/ n.  a disease of a horse's hock with a hard bony swelling or excrescence (马的)跗节内肿 □ spavined  adj.   [Middle English from Old French espavin, variant of esparvain, from Germanic]

spawn /spɔ:n/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a fish, frog, mollusc, or crustacean) release or deposit (eggs) (鱼、蛙、软体动物或甲壳类动物)产(卵)b intr.  be produced as eggs or young 产卵 2 tr. derog. (of people) produce (offspring) [贬] (人)生育(后代) 3 tr.  produce or generate, esp. in large numbers (尤指大量)繁殖；产生 ●n.  1  the eggs of fish, frogs, etc. (鱼、蛙等产下的)卵 2 derog.  human or other offspring [贬]子孙，后代 3  the mycelium of a fungus, esp. of a cultivated mushroom (尤指栽培蘑菇的)菌种体 □ spawner  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French espaundre ‘shed roe’, Old French espandre EXPAND]

spay /spei/ v. tr.  sterilize (a female animal) by removing the ovaries 切除(雌兽的)卵巢 [Middle English via Anglo-French espeier, Old French espeer ‘cut with a sword’, from espee ‘sword’, from Latin spatha: see SPATHE]

SPCK abbr.  Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge [缩略]基督教知识普及协会

speak /spi:k/ v. (past spoke /spəʊk/; past part. spoken /ˈspəʊk(ə)n/)  1 intr.  make articulate verbal utterances in an ordinary (not singing) voice 说话，讲话 2 tr.  a  utter (words) 说，讲(言语)b  make known or communicate (one's opinion, the truth, etc.) in this way 说出，讲出(观点、事实等)  never speaks sense  从来都是胡说八道 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 to, with)  hold a conversation 谈话，交谈  spoke to him for an hour  跟他谈了 1 个小时 spoke with them about their work  与他们谈了他们的工作b (foll. by 后跟 of)  mention in writing etc. (以书面形式等)提到，提及  speaks of it in his novel  在他的小说中提到了这件事c (foll. by 后跟 for)  articulate the feelings of (another person etc.) in speech or writing 代表…讲话，为…代言  speaks for our generation  代表我们这一代人发言 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  address; converse with (a person etc.) 致辞；与(某人等)交谈b  speak in confirmation of or with reference to 说明；谈及  spoke to the resolution  表明了决心 can speak to his innocence  可以说明他的无辜c colloq.  reprove [口]责备，训斥  spoke to them about their lateness  责备他们迟到了 5 intr.  make a speech before an audience etc. 演讲，发言  spoke for an hour on the topic  就这个话题做了 1 个小时的发言 has a good speaking voice  发言声音洪亮 6 tr.  use or be able to use (a specified language) (会)讲(某种语言)  cannot speak French  不会讲法语 7 intr. (of a gun, a musical instrument, etc.) make a sound (枪炮、乐器等)发出响声 8 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to) poet.  communicate feeling etc., affect, touch [诗]感动，触动  the sunset spoke to her  落日触动了她 9 intr. (of a hound) bark (猎犬)吠 10 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  hail and hold communication with (a ship) 与(船)打招呼并联络 11 tr. archaic [古义]  a (of conduct etc.) show (a person) to be (行为等)显示；说明  his conduct speaks him generous  他的行为表明他为人慷慨b  be evidence of 证明  the loud laugh speaks the vacant mind  哈哈大笑证明头脑空虚 □ not (or nothing) to speak of   not (or nothing) worth mentioning; practically not (or nothing) 不值一提；更不用说□ speak for itself   need no supporting evidence 不言而喻；不辩自明□ speak for oneself   1  give one's own opinions 发表个人意见 2  not presume to speak for others 说自己的事□ speak one's mind   speak bluntly or frankly 直言不讳，坦言□ speak out   speak loudly or freely; give one's opinion 大声地讲；大胆地讲；发表意见□ speak up   = speak out □ speak volumes  (of a fact etc.) be very significant (事实等)含义深刻，极有意义□ speak volumes (or well etc.) for   1  be abundant evidence of 充分证明 2  place in a favourable light 为…提供有利证据□ speakable  adj.   [Old English sprecan, later specan]

speakeasy /ˈspi:ki:zi/ n. (pl. -ies) US hist. slang  an illicit liquor shop or drinking club during Prohibition [美史义] [俚语] (在禁酒时期非法经营的)地下酒店

speaker /ˈspi:kə/ n.  1  a person who speaks, esp. in public (尤指公共场合的)演讲者，演说者 2  a person who speaks a specified language (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : a French-speaker 讲法语的人) 讲某种语言的人 3 (作 Speaker)  the presiding officer in a legislative assembly, esp. the House of Commons (尤指英国的下议院)议长 4  = LOUDSPEAKER  □ speakership  n.  

speakerphone /ˈspi:kəfəʊn/ n. N. Amer.  a telephone which does not need to be held in the hand [北美] (不用手持听筒通话的)免提电话

speaking /ˈspi:kiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  the act or an instance of uttering words etc. 说话，讲话；谈话；演讲；言语 ●adj.  1  that speaks; capable of articulate speech 说话的；能说话的，能交谈的 2 (of a portrait) lifelike; true to its subject (肖像)栩栩如生的，逼真的  a speaking likeness  逼真的相像 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  speaking or capable of speaking a specified foreign language 讲某种语言的；能讲某种语言的  French-speaking  讲法语的 4  with a reference or from a point of view specified 提到…的；从…观点而言的  roughly speaking  大致上讲 professionally speaking  从职业角度讲 □ on speaking terms  (foll. by 后跟 with)  1  slightly acquainted 泛泛之交的 2  on friendly terms 关系友好

speaking acquaintance n.  1  a person one knows slightly 见面时交谈几句的一般熟人 2  this degree of familiarity 泛泛之交

speaking clock n. Brit.  a telephone service giving the correct time in recorded speech [英] (事先录好音的)电话报时服务

speaking-trumpet n. hist.  an instrument for making the voice carry [史义]喇叭状助听器

speaking-tube n.  a tube for conveying the voice from one room, building, etc., to another (房间或建筑物等之间的)通话管

spear /spiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thrusting or throwing weapon with a pointed usu. steel tip and a long shaft 矛，枪，梭镖 2  a similar barbed instrument used for catching fish etc. 鱼叉 3 archaic  a spearman [古义]持矛(或枪、梭镖、鱼叉)的人(或士兵) 4  a plant shoot, esp. a pointed stem of asparagus or broccoli 嫩枝；幼苗；幼芽；(尤指芦笋或甘蓝的)嫩茎 ●v. tr.  pierce or strike with or as if with a spear (用矛或枪、梭镖、鱼叉等)刺，戳  speared an olive (用牙签) 戳起一颗橄榄果 [Old English spere]

speargun /ˈspiəɡʌn/ n.  a gun used to propel a spear in underwater fishing (水下捕鱼时用于射出鱼叉的)水下鱼枪

spearhead /ˈspiəhed/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the point of a spear 矛头，枪尖 2  an individual or group chosen to lead a thrust or attack 先锋，前锋；先头部队 ●v. tr.  act as the spearhead of (an attack etc.) 当(进攻等的)先锋

spearman /ˈspiəmən/ n. (pl. -men) archaic  a person, esp. a soldier, who uses a spear [古义]持矛者；(尤指)持矛士兵

spearmint /ˈspiəmint/ n.  a common garden mint, Mentha spicata, used in cookery and to flavour chewing gum 留兰香，绿薄荷(用于烹饪或口香糖调味)

spear side n.  the male side or members of a family etc. (opp. 反义 DISTAFF SIDE) (家族等的)父系，男系；男性成员

spearwort /ˈspiəwɜ:t/ n.  an aquatic plant, Ranunculus lingua, with thick hollow stems, long narrow spear-shaped leaves, and yellow flowers 焰毛茛(一种水生植物，茎干粗壮中空，叶片长窄呈矛状，开黄色花朵)

spec1 /spek/ n. colloq.  a commercial speculation or venture [口] (商业)投机，冒险 □ on spec   in the hope of success; as a gamble, on the off chance 碰运气，投机，冒险 [abbreviation of SPECULATION]

spec2 /spek/ n. colloq.  a detailed working description; a specification [口]说明书 [abbreviation of SPECIFICATION]

special /ˈspeʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  particularly good; exceptional; out of the ordinary 特别的，特殊的  bought them a special present  给他们买了一份特别的礼物 today is a special day  今天是个特殊的日子 took special trouble  特意b  peculiar; specific; not general 特有的；专门的；独特的  lacks the special qualities required  缺乏所需的特有品质 the word has a special sense  这个词具有专门意义 2  for a particular purpose 特设的，有特殊作用的  sent on a special assignment  派去完成特殊任务 3  in which a person specializes 专业的  statistics is his special field  统计学是他的专业领域 4  denoting education for children with particular needs, e.g. the handicapped (为残疾孩子所设的)特殊教育的 ●n.  a special person or thing, e.g. a special constable, train, examination, edition of a newspaper, dish on a menu, etc. 特殊的人；特别的事物(如临时警察、专列、特别考试、报纸特刊、特色菜等) □ specially  adv.  □ specialness  n.   [Middle English from Old French especial ESPECIAL or Latin specialis (as SPECIES)]

special area n. Brit.  a district for which special economic provision is made in legislation [英] (通过立法享受特殊经济优惠的)特殊区

Special Branch n. (in the UK) a police department dealing with political security (英国警察部门的)政治保安处

special case n.  1  a written statement of fact presented by litigants to a court (诉讼人向法庭提出的)书面诉状 2  an exceptional or unusual case 特殊案件(或案例)

special constable n. Brit.  an officer sworn in for occasional duty, to assist the police, esp. in times of emergency etc. [英] (尤指紧急时期协助警方维持公共治安的)特种警察

special correspondent n. Brit.  a journalist writing for a newspaper on special events or a special area of interest [英] (为报纸撰写特殊事件或专题的)特派记者，特约记者

special delivery n.  1 (in the UK) guaranteed delivery of a letter within the UK the day after posting (在英国境内发送后第 2 天就可以收到的)邮件特种快递 2 (in the US) delivery of mail by a special messenger (在美国由专人投递的)特种快递

special drawing rights n. pl.  the right to purchase extra foreign currency from the International Monetary Fund (国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权

special edition n.  an extra edition of a newspaper including later news than the ordinary edition (刊有正常版截稿后的最新消息的) (报纸)号外，专刊

special effects n. pl.  scenic illusions created for films and television by props, camera-work, computer graphics, etc. (电影和电视中用道具、摄影技巧、电脑绘图等制造的)特技效果

special intention n. RC Ch.  a special aim or purpose for which a Mass is celebrated, prayers are said, etc. 【天主教】(举行弥撒礼仪或祈祷的)特定对象(或目的)

specialist /ˈspeʃ(ə)list/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  1  a person who is trained in a particular branch of a profession, esp. medicine 专家；(尤指)专科医生  a specialist in dermatology  皮肤病学专家 2  a person who specially or exclusively studies a subject or a particular branch of a subject (opp. 反义 GENERALIST) 专业研究人员 □ specialism  /-liz(ə)m/ n.  □ specialistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

speciality /speʃiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a special pursuit, product, operation, etc., to which a company or a person gives special attention 专业；专门研究项目；特制品；特种工艺；特产 2  a special feature, characteristic, or skill 特色；特性；专长 [Middle English from Old French especialité or Late Latin specialitas (as SPECIAL)]

specialize /ˈspeʃ(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  a  be or become a specialist 专门研究，专攻  specializes in optics  专攻光学b  devote oneself to an area of interest, skill, etc. (兴趣、技能等)专门从事；成为专家  specializes in insulting people  专门辱骂人 2 Biol. 【生】  a tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动)  adapt or set apart (an organ etc.) for a particular purpose 使(器官等)专化，使特化b intr. (of an organ etc.) become adapted etc. in this way (器官等)专化，特化 3 tr.  make specific or individual 特指；列举 4 tr.  modify or limit (an idea, statement, etc.) 更改；限定(主意、陈述等) □ specialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French spécialiser (as SPECIAL)]

special jury n. hist.  a jury with members of a particular social standing (cf. 参见 COMMON JURY) [史义]特别陪审团(由具有特定社会地位的成员组成的陪审团)

special licence n. Brit.  a marriage licence allowing immediate marriage without banns, or at an unusual time or place [英]结婚特别许可证

special pleading n.  1 Law  pleading with reference to new facts in a case 【法律】特殊辩解(指列举新事实使诉讼搁置或不能成立的间接辩解) 2 (in general use) a specious or unfair argument favouring the speaker's point of view (答辩时只谈于自己有利之点而避开不利之点的)诡辩法

special providence n.  a particular instance of God's providence 特殊主恩，上帝的特殊眷顾

special school n. (in the UK) a school catering for children with special educational needs, resulting from a disability or learning difficulty (英国为残疾或学习有障碍的孩子开办的)特殊学校

specialty /ˈspeʃ(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = SPECIALITY  2 Law  an instrument under seal; a sealed contract 【法律】盖印文件；盖印合同 [Middle English from Old French (e)specialté (as SPECIAL)]■Usage 用法说明 In standard British English specialty is used only in sense 2 above. 在标准英国英语中， specialty 只用于上述的释义 2 。 

special verdict n. Law  a verdict stating the facts as proved but leaving the court to draw conclusions from them 【法律】(事实均已证实，提请法庭做出判决的)特别裁决

speciation /spi:ʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, spi:s-/ n. Biol.  the formation of new species in the course of evolution 【生】(进化过程中的)物种形成 □ speciate  /ˈspi:-/ v. intr.   [SPECIES + -ATION]

specie /ˈspi:ʃi:, ˈspi:ʃi/ n.  coin money as opposed to paper money 硬币 [Latin, ablative of SPECIES in the phrase in specie ‘in the actual form’]

species /ˈspi:ʃi:z, -ʃiz, ˈspi:s-/ n. (pl.same 单复同)  1  a class of things having some common characteristics 种，类 2 Biol.  a group of living organisms consisting of related similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding, classified as a taxonomic rank below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial 【生】种(指含有多个能够进行杂交的相关类似个体的一组有机体，分类学上排在属之下) 3  a kind or sort 种类，类型 4 Logic  a group subordinate to a genus and containing individuals agreeing in some common attribute(s) and called by a common name 【逻辑学】种类(按照共同的属性对个体或物体进行的分类，并指定共有的名称，排在属之下) 5 Law  a form or shape given to materials 【法律】形式，式样 6 Eccl.  the visible form of each of the elements of consecrated bread and wine in the Eucharist 【教会】(圣餐礼中用的)圣餐面包和圣酒 [Latin, = appearance, kind, beauty, from specere ‘to look’]

speciesism /ˈspi:ʃi:ziz(ə)m, ˈspi:s-/ n.  an assumption of human superiority leading to the exploitation of animals 物种歧视(指人类对某些动物种的歧视，由此可导致对此物种的苛待) □ speciesist  adj. & n.   [SPECIES + -ISM on the pattern of racism]

specific /spəˈsifik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  clearly defined; definite 明确的；具体的  has no specific name  没有明确的名称 told me so in specific terms  用确切的术语告诉我 2  relating to a particular subject; peculiar 特殊的，特有的  a style specific to that  那种独特的风格 3  a  of or concerning a species 物种的；有关物种的  the specific name for a plant  植物的种名b  possessing, or concerned with, the properties that characterize a species 具有物种特征的；有关物种特征的  the specific forms of animals  动物的物种形态 4 (of a duty or a tax) assessed by quantity or amount, not by the value of goods (关税或税)从量的(按数量征收而不按货值征收) ●n.  1 archaic  a medicine or remedy specifically effective for a disease or part of the body [古义]特效药 2  a specific aspect or factor 详情，细节  shall we discuss specifics?  我们讨论一下细节好吗？ □ specifically  adv.  □ specificity  /-ˈfisiti/ n.  □ specificness  n.   [Late Latin specificus (as SPECIES)]

specification /ˌspesifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of specifying; the state of being specified 指定，指明；详述，说明 2  a (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a detailed description of the construction, workmanship, materials, etc., of work done or to be done, prepared by an architect, engineer, etc. (由设计师、工程师等准备的建筑、工艺、材料等的)明细单；详细计划(书)b  a specified standard of workmanship, materials, etc., to be achieved (工艺、材料等的)规格，标准，规范  built to a high specification  按高标准建成 3  a description by an applicant for a patent of the construction and use of his invention (申报发明专利的)发明物说明书 4 Law  the conversion of materials into a new product not held to be the property of the owner of the materials 【法律】加工(加工他人产品使之成为新产品，但不拥有所有权) [medieval Latin specificatio (as SPECIFY)]

specific cause n.  the cause of a particular form of a disease 特殊病因

specific difference n.  a factor that differentiates a species 种的差异，种的区别

specific disease n.  a disease caused by one identifiable agent 特殊病(指由某一特定病原引起的疾病)

specific gravity n.  = RELATIVE DENSITY 

specific heat capacity n.  the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usu. one degree) 比热(通常为一定量的单位物质升高 1 度所需的热量)

specific medicine n.  a medicine having a distinct effect in curing a certain disease 特效药

specific performance n. Law  the performance of a contractual duty, as ordered in cases where damages would not be adequate remedy 【法律】特定履行(即按照合同规定的条款执行合同)

specify /ˈspesifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  name or mention expressly 指定；指明  specified the type he needed  指定了他需要的类型 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  name as a condition 把…列为条件  specified that he must be paid at once  条件是必须立即付款给他 3  include in specifications 把…列入说明书  a French window was not specified  说明书中未列入落地长窗一项 □ specifiable  adj.  □ specifier  n.   [Middle English from Old French specifier or Late Latin specificare (as SPECIFIC)]

specimen /ˈspesimin/ n.  1  an individual or part taken as an example of a class or whole, esp. when used for investigation or scientific examination (尤指用于调查或科学实验的)样本；标本；样品；抽样  specimens of copper ore  铜矿石标本 a specimen of your handwriting  你的笔迹样本 2 Med.  a sample of urine for testing 【医】尿样 3 colloq.  a person or animal of a specified sort [口]有某特点的人(或动物)  a fine specimen  一个好人 [Latin from specere ‘to look’]

specious /ˈspi:ʃəs/ adj.  1  superficially plausible but actually wrong 似是而非的；貌似有理的  a specious argument  貌似有理的论点 2  misleadingly attractive in appearance 华而不实的 □ speciosity  /-ʃiˈɒsiti/ n.  □ speciously  adv.  □ speciousness  n.   [Middle English, = beautiful, from Latin speciosus (as SPECIES)]

speck /spek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small spot, dot, or stain 斑点；污点；瑕疵 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a particle 微粒，粒子  speck of dirt  尘粒 3  a rotten spot in fruit (水果上的)烂斑，锈斑 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 specked adj.)  mark with specks 使产生斑点(或污点、瑕疵) □ speckless  adj.   [Old English specca: cf. SPECKLE]

speckle /ˈspek(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a small spot, mark, or stain, esp. in quantity on the skin, a bird's egg, etc. (尤指皮肤、鸟蛋等上的)斑点；斑纹；亮斑 ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 speckled adj.)  mark with speckles or patches 使产生斑点(或斑纹) [Middle English from Middle Dutch spekkel]

specs /speks/ n. pl. colloq.  a pair of spectacles [口]眼镜 [abbreviation]

spectacle /ˈspektək(ə)l/ n.  1  a public show, ceremony, etc. 展出，展览；演出 2  anything attracting public attention 奇观；景象  a charming spectacle  迷人的景象 a disgusting spectacle  丑恶的景象 □ make a spectacle of oneself   make oneself an object of ridicule (使自己)出丑，出洋相 [Middle English via Old French from Latin spectaculum, from spectare, frequentative of specere ‘to look’]

spectacled /ˈspektək(ə)ld/ adj.  1  wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的 2 (of an animal) having markings resembling spectacles (动物)有眼镜状斑纹的

spectacled bear n.  a S. American bear, Tremarctos ornatus, with white markings around the eyes 眼镜熊(一种南美熊，眼睛周围有一圈白色斑纹)

spectacled cobra n.  an Asian cobra, Naja naja, with a spectacle-like marking on the hood 眼镜蛇(一种亚洲蛇)

spectacles /ˈspektək(ə)lz/ n. pl. (US usu. joc. [美] [通常诙])  a pair of lenses in a frame resting on the nose and ears, used to correct defective eyesight or protect the eyes 眼镜

spectacular /spekˈtækjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or like a public show; striking, amazing, lavish 公开展示的；演出的；演戏似的；壮观的；壮丽的；豪华富丽的 2  strikingly large or obvious 引人瞩目的；惊人的  a spectacular increase in output  产量有了惊人的增长 ●n.  an event intended to be spectacular, esp. a musical film or play 引人瞩目的事件；(尤指)制作昂贵的音乐电影(或音乐剧) □ spectacularly  adv.   [SPECTACLE, on the pattern of oracular etc.]

spectate /spekˈteit/ v. intr.  be a spectator, esp. at a sporting event 出席观看(尤指体育比赛) [back-formation from SPECTATOR]■Usage 用法说明 Some people consider that spectate should be restricted to informal use; in most contexts watch is preferable. 有些人认为 spectate 应该限于非正式用法中；在大多数情况下，最好用 watch 。 

spectator /spekˈteitə/ n.  a person who looks on at a show, game, incident, etc. (表演、运动、事件等的)观众；旁观者 □ spectatorial  /-təˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.   [French spectateur or Latin spectator, from spectare: see SPECTACLE]

spectator sport n.  a sport providing popular entertainment for spectators 观赏性体育运动

spectra pl.  of SPECTRUM  

spectral /ˈspektr(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of or relating to spectres or ghosts (有关)鬼的，幽灵的b  ghostlike 似鬼的，似幽灵的 2  of or concerning spectra or the spectrum 谱的；光谱的  spectral colours  谱色 □ spectrally  adv.  

spectral analysis n.  1  chemical analysis using a spectroscope (用分光镜做的)化学分析 2  analysis of light, sound, etc. into a spectrum 光谱分析；声谱分析

spectre /ˈspektə/ n. (US [美] specter)  1  a ghost 鬼，幽灵 2  a haunting presentiment or preoccupation 缠绕心头的恐惧(或忧虑)  the spectre of war  萦绕心头的对战争的恐惧 3 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  used in the names of some animals because of their thinness, transparency, etc. 瘦小的；透明的(用于表示动物名称) [French spectre or Latin spectrum: see SPECTRUM]

spectro- /ˈspektrəʊ/ comb. form  a spectrum [构词成分]谱；光谱

spectrochemistry /spektrə(ʊ)ˈkemistri/ n.  chemistry based on the study of the spectra of substances 光谱化学

spectrogram /ˈspektrə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a record obtained with a spectrograph 光谱图；声谱图

spectrograph /ˈspektrə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an apparatus for photographing or otherwise recording spectra 光谱仪；声谱仪 □ spectrographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ spectrographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ spectrography  /spekˈtrɒɡrəfi/ n.  

spectroheliograph /spektrəʊˈhi:liəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for taking photographs of the sun in light of one wavelength only 太阳单色光照相仪

spectrohelioscope /spektrəʊˈhi:liəskəʊp/ n.  a device similar to a spectroheliograph, for visual observation 太阳单色光观测镜

spectrometer /spekˈtrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument used for the measurement of observed spectra 分光计(用于测量已观察到的光谱的仪器) □ spectrometric  /spektrəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ spectrometry  n.   [German Spektrometer or French spectromètre (as SPECTRO-, -METER)]

spectrophotometer /ˌspektrə(ʊ)fəʊˈtɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the intensity of light in various parts of the spectrum, esp. as transmitted or emitted by a substance or solution at a particular wavelength 分光光度计(用来测定光谱中各种光波的强度的仪器，尤指某物质或溶液发出的某种特定波长的强度) □ spectrophotometric  /-təˈmetrik/ adj.  □ spectrophotometry  n.  

spectroscope /ˈspektrəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for producing and recording spectra for examination 分光镜(产生并记录光谱以供研究的仪器) □ spectroscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ spectroscopical  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  □ spectroscopist  /-ˈtrɒskəpist/ n.  □ spectroscopy  /-ˈtrɒskəpi/ n.   [German Spektroskop or French spectroscope (as SPECTRO-, -SCOPE)]

spectrum /ˈspektrəm/ n. (pl. spectra /-trə/)  1  a band of colours, as seen in a rainbow etc., produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength 谱；光谱 2  the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation 电磁波谱 3  a  an image or distribution of components of any electromagnetic radiation arranged in a progressive series according to wavelength 频谱b  this as characteristic of a body or substance when emitting or absorbing radiation 射频频谱 4  a similar image or distribution of components of sound, particles, etc., arranged according to frequency, charge, energy, etc. 声谱；质谱；能谱 5  the entire range or a wide range of anything arranged by degree or quality etc. (按程度或质量等排列的)系列；范围；幅度 6 (in full 全称 ocular spectrum)  an after-image 后象 [Latin, = image, apparition, from specere ‘to look’]

spectrum analyser n.  a device for analysing oscillation, esp. sound, into its separate components (尤指声音的)频谱分析仪

spectrum analysis n.  = SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 

specula pl.  of SPECULUM  

specular /ˈspekjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or having the nature of a speculum 镜的；窥器的，扩张器的；用窥器(检查)的 2  reflecting 镜子似的；反射的 [Latin specularis (as SPECULUM)]

specular iron ore n.  lustrous haematite 镜铁矿

speculate /ˈspekjʊleit/ v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon, about)  form a theory or conjecture, esp. without a firm factual basis; meditate (尤指在没有确凿事实的基础上)推测，猜测；深思  speculated on their prospects  推测他们的前途 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that, how, etc. + clause)  conjecture, consider 推测；考虑  speculated how he might achieve it  猜测他如何能做到 3 intr.  a  invest in stocks etc. in the hope of gain but with the possibility of loss 投机，做投机买卖b  gamble recklessly 孤注一掷 □ speculator  n.   [Latin speculari ‘spy out, observe’, via specula ‘watchtower’ from specere ‘look’]

speculation /spekjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of speculating; a theory or conjecture 推测；思索；推论；假设  made no speculation as to her age  猜不出她的年龄 is given to speculation  仅仅是猜测 2  a  a speculative investment or enterprise 投机；投机事业  bought it as a speculation  作为投机购买了它b  the practice of business speculating 投机买卖 3  a game in which trump cards are bought or sold 投机(玩家购买或出售王牌的一种纸牌戏) [Middle English from Old French speculation or Late Latin speculatio (as SPECULATE)]

speculative /ˈspekjʊlətiv/ adj.  1  of, based on, engaged in, or inclined to speculation 沉思默想的；经过思索的；纯理论的；推测的，猜测性的 2 (of a business investment) involving the risk of loss (商业投资)投机的  a speculative builder  投机建筑商 □ speculatively  adv.  □ speculativeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French speculatif -ive or Late Latin speculativus (as SPECULATE)]

speculum /ˈspekjʊləm/ n. (pl. specula /-lə/)  1 Surgery  an instrument for dilating the cavities of the human body for inspection 【外科】窥器，扩张器(使身体开口扩大以做医学检查的仪器) 2  a mirror, usu. of polished metal, esp. (formerly) in a reflecting telescope 金属镜；反射镜 3  a lustrous coloured area on the wing of some birds, esp. ducks (鸟翅，尤指鸭翅上的)翼斑 [Latin, = mirror, from specere ‘to look’]

speculum-metal n.  an alloy of copper and tin used in mirrors, esp. formerly in telescopes 制镜合金(尤指从前用于望远镜上的铜锡合金)

sped past and past part.  of SPEED 

speech /spi:tʃ/ n.  1  the faculty or act of speaking 说话能力；说话 2  a usu. formal address or discourse delivered to an audience or assembly 演讲；发言 3  a manner of speaking 说话方式  a man of blunt speech  说话直率的男子 4  a remark 言语，话语  after this speech he was silent  听到这种话他沉默了 5  the language of a nation, region, group, etc. 民族语言；方言；专门语言 6 Mus.  the act of sounding in an organ pipe etc. 【音】(管风琴管子等的)发声 □ speechful  adj.   [Old English sprœˉc, later spēc, from West Germanic: related to SPEAK]

speech day n. Brit.  an annual prize-giving day in many schools, usu. marked by speeches etc. [英] (许多学校一年一度的)授奖演讲日

speechify /ˈspi:tʃifai/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) joc. or derog.  make esp. boring or long speeches [诙] [贬]废话连篇；夸夸其谈 □ speechification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ speechifier  n.  

speechless /ˈspi:tʃlis/ adj.  1  temporarily unable to speak because of emotion etc. (因情感等)一时说不出话的  speechless with rage  愤怒得说不出话来 2  dumb 哑的，不会说话的 □ speechlessly  adv.  □ speechlessness  n.   [Old English spœˉclēas (as SPEECH, -LESS)]

speech-reading n.  lip-reading 唇读法

speech therapy n.  treatment to improve defective speech 言语障碍矫治 □ speech therapist  n.  

speech-writer n.  a person employed to write speeches for a politician etc. to deliver (政治家等的)演讲稿撰写人

speed /spi:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  rapidity of movement 快速，迅速  with all speed  全速 at full speed  以最快速度；拼命地 2  a rate of progress or motion over a distance in time 速率，速度  attains a high speed  达到高速 3  a  each of the possible gear ratios of a bicycle (自行车的)排档，变速器b esp. US or archaic  such a gear in a motor vehicle [尤美] [古义] (汽车的)排档，变速器 4 Photog. 【摄】  a  the sensitivity of film to light (胶卷的)感光度b  the light-gathering power or f-number of a lens 聚光率c  the duration of an exposure 曝光时间 5 slang  an amphetamine drug, esp. methamphetamine [俚语]安非他明类毒品(尤指甲基苯丙胺) 6 archaic  success, prosperity [古义]成功；昌盛  send me good speed  祝我成功 ●v. (past and past part. sped /sped/)  1 intr.  go fast 快走，疾驰  sped down the street  在街上疾驰而过 2 (past and past part. speeded)  a intr. (of a motorist etc.) travel at an illegal or dangerous speed (驾驶员等)违章超速行驶b tr.  regulate the speed of (an engine etc.) 调整(发动机等的)速率c tr.  cause (an engine etc.) to go at a fixed speed (使发动机等)定速运行 3 tr.  send fast or on its way 快速传送；发射  speed an arrow from the bow  拉弓射出一枝快箭 4 intr. & tr. archaic  be or make prosperous or successful [古义] (使)兴旺发达；(使)成功  how have you sped?  你是如何成功的？ God speed you!  祝你成功！ □ at speed   moving quickly 快速地，迅速地□ speed up   move or work at greater speed (使)加速，(使)增速□ speeder  n.   [Old English spēd, spēdan, from Germanic]

speedball /ˈspi:dbɔ:l/ n.  1 slang  a mixture of cocaine with heroin or morphine [俚语]强效兴奋剂(指掺海洛因或吗啡的可卡因) 2 US  a ball game resembling soccer but in which the ball may be handled [美] (类似足球的但可用手投球的)速球运动

speedboat /ˈspi:dbəʊt/ n.  a motor boat designed for high speed 快艇

speed bump n. (also Brit. [亦英] speed hump)  a transverse ridge in the road to control the speed of vehicles (为防止车速过快在路面上设置的)路面突起

speed limit n.  the maximum speed at which a road vehicle, boat, etc., may legally travel in a particular area etc. (在特定地区为车、船等行驶规定的)速度极限

speed merchant n. colloq.  a motorist who enjoys driving fast [口]超速驾车者

speedo /ˈspi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = SPEEDOMETER  [abbreviation]

speedometer /spi:ˈdɒmitə/ n.  an instrument on a motor vehicle etc. indicating its speed to the driver (汽车等的)速率计，速度计 [SPEED + METER1]

speed-up n.  an increase in the speed or rate of working 增速，加速

speedway /ˈspi:dwei/ n.  1  a  motorcycle racing 摩托车赛b  a stadium or track used for this (摩托车的)比赛跑道 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a road or track used for motor car racing 汽车赛道b  a highway for fast motor traffic 高速车道

speedwell /ˈspi:dwel/ n.  any small herbaceous plant of the genus Veronica, with tiny blue or pink flowers 婆婆纳(小草本植物，开浅蓝色或粉色小花) [apparently from SPEED + WELL1]

speedy /ˈspi:di/ adj. (speedier, speediest)  1  moving quickly; rapid 快速的，迅速的 2  done without delay; prompt 没有耽搁的；即时的  a speedy answer  即时的答复 □ speedily  adv.  □ speediness  n.  

speiss /spais/ n.  a compound of arsenic, iron, etc., formed in smelting certain lead ores 黄渣(一种含砷、铁等的化合物，由融炼铅矿石而形成) [German Speise ‘food, amalgam’]

speleology /spi:liˈɒlədʒi, spel-/ n.  1  the scientific study of caves 洞穴学 2  the exploration of caves 洞穴探索 □ speleological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ speleologist  n.   [French spéléologie, via Latin spelaeum from Greek spēlaion ‘cave’]

spell1 /spel/ v. tr. (past and past part. spelled or esp. Brit. [尤英] spelt)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  write or name the letters that form (a word etc.) in correct sequence 用字母拼；拼写  spell ‘exaggerate’  拼写 ‘exaggerate’ 这个词 cannot spell properly  不能正确拼写 2  a (of letters) make up or form (a word etc.) (字母)拼作，拼缀成(单词等)b (of circumstances, a scheme, etc.) result in; involve (情况、计划等)导致，招致  spell ruin  导致毁灭 □ spell out   1  make out (words, writing, etc.) letter by letter 缓慢而费力地读；读懂；一个字母一个字母地拼写出(单词等) 2  explain in detail 详细解释，清楚说明  spelled out what the change would mean  详细说明这个变化意味着什么□ spellable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French espel(l)er, from Frankish (as SPELL2)]

spell2 /spel/ n.  1  a form of words used as a magical charm or incantation 符咒；咒语 2  an attraction or fascination exercised by a person, activity, quality, etc. 魅力；魔力；迷惑力，吸引力 □ under a spell   mastered by or as if by a spell 着魔了，中邪了；着迷 [Old English spel(l), from Germanic]

spell3 /spel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short or fairly short period 一段时间；一会儿  a cold spell in April  4 月的寒冷期 2  a turn of work 一段工作时间  did a spell of woodwork  干了一会儿木工活 3 Austral.  a period of rest from work [澳]一段休息时间 ●v.  1 tr.  a  relieve or take the place of (a person) in work etc. (工作等中)轮换，替换b  allow to rest briefly 让…休息一会儿 2 intr. Austral.  take a brief rest [澳]短暂休息，稍适休息 [earlier as verb: later form of dialect spele ‘take the place of’ from Old English spelian, of unknown origin]

spell4 /spel/ n.  a splinter of wood etc. (木头等的)碎片 [perhaps from obsolete speld]

spellbind /ˈspelbaind/ v. tr. (past and past part. spellbound)  1  bind with or as if with a spell; entrance 用符咒迷惑；迷住，使入迷 2 (as 作 spellbound adj.)  entranced, fascinated, esp. by a speaker, activity, quality, etc. (尤指被演讲者、活动、品质等打动而)入迷的；出神的 □ spellbinder  n.  □ spellbindingly  adv.  

spell-check n. & v. Computing 【计算】  ●n.  a check of the spelling in a file of text using a spelling checker (用拼写检查程序进行的)拼写检查 ●v. tr.  check the spelling in (a text) using a spelling checker (用拼写检查程序)检查拼写

spell-checker n.  = SPELLING CHECKER 

speller /ˈspelə/ n.  1  a person who spells esp. in a specified way (尤指具有某种特点的)拼写者  is a poor speller  常犯拼写错误的人 2  a book on spelling 单词拼写课本

spellican var.  of SPILLIKIN  SPILLIKIN 的变体

spelling /ˈspeliŋ/ n.  1  the process or activity of writing or naming the letters of a word etc. 拼写；拼读 2  the way a word is spelled 拼法 3  the ability to spell 拼写能力  his spelling is weak  他的拼写能力弱

spelling-bee n.  a spelling competition 拼单词比赛

spelling checker n.  a computer program which checks the spelling of words in files of text, usually by comparison with a stored list of words 拼写检查程序

spelt1 past and past part.  of SPELL1 

spelt2 /spelt/ n.  a kind of wheat, Triticum spelta, formerly cultivated but now displaced by more modern varieties 斯佩耳特小麦(过去种植但现已被多种现代品种取代的一种小麦) [Old English from Old Saxon spelta (Old High German spelza); readopted in Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch spelte]

spelter /ˈspeltə/ n.  commercial crude smelted zinc 粗锌 [corresponding to Old French espeautre, Middle Dutch speauter, German Spialter: related to PEWTER]

spelunker /spiˈlʌŋkə/ n. N. Amer.  a person who explores caves, esp. as a hobby [北美] (尤指作为一项业余爱好的)洞穴探察者 □ spelunking  n.   [obsolete spelunk ‘cave’ from Latin spelunca]

spence /spens/ n. archaic  a buttery or larder [古义]食品贮藏室；食品柜 [Middle English via Old French despense from Latin dispensa, fem. past part. of dispendere: see DISPENSE]

spencer1 /ˈspensə/ n.  1  a short close-fitting jacket 短外套 2  a woman's thin usu. woollen under-bodice worn for extra warmth in winter (妇女冬天穿的)紧身短上衣 [probably named after the 2nd Earl Spencer, English politician d. 1834]

spencer2 /ˈspensə/ n. Naut.  a trysail 【海】斜桁(纵)帆 [perhaps named after K. Spencer (early 19th c.)]

spend /spend/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. spent /spent/)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  a (also absol. [亦含宾])  pay out (money) in making a purchase etc. 用(钱)，花费  spent £ 5 on a new pen  花了 5 英镑买了一枝新钢笔b  pay out (money) for a particular person's benefit or for the improvement of a thing (为了某人的利益或改善某物)花(钱)  had to spend £ 200 on the car  不得不在这辆汽车上花 200 英镑 2  a  use or consume (time or energy) 花；消磨(时间或精力)  shall spend no more effort  将不再多花费精力 how do you spend your Sundays?  你平常怎么过星期天？b (also 亦作 refl.)  use up; exhaust; wear out 用尽；耗尽；筋疲力尽  their ammunition was all spent  他们的弹药全用尽了 his anger was soon spent  他的怒气很快就全消了 spent herself campaigning for justice  她把一生都奉献给了正义事业 3 tr. (as 作 spent adj.)  having lost its original force or strength; exhausted 衰竭的；耗尽的  the storm is spent  暴风雨过去了 spent bullets  乏弹(指冲力已过的子弹) ●n.  1  the action or an act of spending money 用钱，花钱 2  an amount spent, expenditure 消费总额；费用 □ spend a penny  Brit. colloq.  urinate or defecate (with reference to the coin-operated locks of public lavatories) [英口]小便；通便(源自英国公厕要用硬币打开门锁)□ spendable  adj.  □ spender  n.   [Old English spendan from Latin expendere (see EXPEND): in Middle English perhaps also from obsolete dispend via Old French despendre ‘expend’ from Latin dispendere: see DISPENSE]

spending money n.  pocket money 零用钱

spendthrift /ˈspen(d)θrift/ n. & adj. ●n.  an extravagant person; a prodigal 挥霍者，浪费者 ●adj.  extravagant; prodigal 挥霍的，浪费的

Spenserian /spenˈsiəriən/ adj.  of, relating to, or in the style of Edmund Spenser, English poet d. 1599 斯宾塞(英国诗人， 1599 年去世)的；关于斯宾塞的；斯宾塞体的

Spenserian stanza n.  the stanza used by Spenser in the Faerie Queene, with eight iambic pentameters and an alexandrine, rhyming ababbcbcc 斯宾塞诗体分节(由 8 个五音步抑扬格诗行和 1 个六音步抑扬格诗行组成的诗节，韵式为 ababbcbcc)

spent past and past part.  of SPEND 

spent tan  see 见 TAN1 n. 4 

sperm /spɜ:m/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or sperms)  1  = SPERMATOZOON  2  the male reproductive fluid containing spermatozoa; semen 精液 3  = SPERM WHALE  4  = SPERMACETI  5  = SPERM OIL  [Middle English via Late Latin sperma from Greek sperma -atos ‘seed’, from speirō ‘sow’]

spermaceti /spɜ:məˈsi:ti, -ˈseti/ n.  a white waxy substance produced by the sperm whale to aid buoyancy, and used in the manufacture of candles, ointments, etc. 鲸蜡，鲸脑油(一种白色蜡状物质，产自抹香鲸，可用于制造蜡烛、油膏等) □ spermacetic  adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin, from Late Latin sperma ‘sperm’ + ceti, genitive of cetus from Greek kētos ‘whale’, from the belief that it was whale-spawn]

spermatic /spɜ:ˈmætik/ adj.  of or relating to sperm or semen 精液的；精子的；精子状的；似精液的；生殖的 [Late Latin spermaticus from Greek spermatikos (as SPERM)]

spermatic cord n. Anat.  a bundle of nerves, ducts, and blood vessels passing to the testicles 【解】精索(由神经、输精管、连通睾丸的血管组成的一种索状结构)

spermatid /ˈspɜ:mətid/ n. Biol.  an immature male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte, which may develop into a spermatozoon 【生】精细胞，精子细胞(由精母细胞形成的未成熟的男性性细胞，可发展为精子) □ spermatidal  /-ˈtaid(ə)l/ adj.  

spermato- /ˈspɜ:mətəʊ, spəˈmætəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  a sperm or seed [构词成分]【生】精液；精子

spermatocyte /ˈspɜ:mətə(ʊ)sait, spəˈmæt-/ n.  a cell produced from a spermatogonium and which may divide by meiosis into spermatids 精母细胞(产自精原细胞，可通过减数分裂形成精子细胞)

spermatogenesis /spɜ:mətə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis, spəˌmæt-/ n.  the production or development of mature spermatozoa 精子发生(成熟精子的产生或发展) □ spermatogenetic  /-dʒiˈnetik/ adj.  

spermatogonium /spɜ:mətə(ʊ)ˈɡəʊniəm, spəˌmæt-/ n. (pl. spermatogonia /-niə/)  a cell produced at an early stage in the formation of spermatozoa, from which spermatocytes develop 精原细胞(精子形成的早期过程中产生的细胞，可发展为精母细胞) [SPERM + modern Latin gonium from Greek gonos ‘offspring, seed’]

spermatophore /ˈspɜ:mətə(ʊ)fɔ:, spəˈmæt-/ n.  an albuminous capsule containing spermatozoa found in various invertebrates (无脊椎动物的)精包，精子包囊，精荚 □ spermatophoric  /-ˈfɔ:rik/ adj.  

spermatophyte /ˈspɜ:mətə(ʊ)fait, spəˈmæt-/ n.  any seed-bearing plant 种子植物(任何一种产生种子的植物)

spermatozoid /spɜ:mətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊid, spəˌmæt-/ n.  the mature motile male sex cell of some plants 游动精子(某些植物中游动的成熟雄性配子)

spermatozoon /spɜ:mətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn, spəˌmæt-/ n. (pl. spermatozoa /-ˈzəʊə/)  the mature motile male sex cell in animals 精子(动物体内游动的成熟雄性配子) □ spermatozoal  adj.  □ spermatozoan  adj.   [SPERM + Greek zōion ‘animal’]

sperm bank n.  a supply of semen stored for use in artificial insemination (为人工授精提供精子的)精子库

sperm count n.  the number of spermatozoa in one ejaculation or a measured amount of semen (一次射出的精液或 1 毫升精液的)精子数量

spermicide /ˈspɜ:misaid/ n.  a substance able to kill spermatozoa 杀精剂 □ spermicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.  

spermo- /ˈspɜ:məʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  = SPERMATO- 

sperm oil n.  an oil obtained from the head of a sperm whale and used as a lubricant 鲸油(取自抹香鲸的头部，用作润滑剂)

sperm whale n.  a large whale, Physeter macrocephalus, hunted for the spermaceti and sperm oil contained in its bulbous head, and for the ambergris found in its intestines also called 亦称作 CACHALOT 抹香鲸(一种大型鲸，其球形脑袋中含有鲸脂和鲸油，肠子中含有龙涎香) [abbreviation of SPERMACETI]

spew /spju:/ v. (also 亦作 spue)  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  vomit 呕吐 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a tr.  expel (contents) rapidly and forcibly 使喷出，使涌出b intr. (of contents) be expelled in this way 喷出，涌出 □ spewer  n.   [Old English spīwan, spēowan, from Germanic]

SPF abbr.  sun protection factor (indicating the effectiveness of protective creams etc.) [缩略]防晒系数(指防晒霜等的有效性)

sp. gr. abbr.  specific gravity [缩略]比重

sphagnum /ˈsfæɡnəm/ n. (pl. sphagna /-nə/) (in full 全称 sphagnum moss)  any moss of the genus Sphagnum, growing in bogs and peat, and used as packing esp. for plants, as fertilizer, etc. 泥炭藓(长于沼泽地和泥炭中的任一种苔藓，尤用作植物的填料、肥料等) [modern Latin from Greek sphagnos, the name of a moss]

sphalerite /ˈsfælərait/ n.  = BLENDE  [Greek sphaleros ‘deceptive’: cf. BLENDE]

spheno- /ˈsfi:nəʊ/ comb. form Anat.  the sphenoid bone [构词成分]【解】蝶骨 [Greek from sphēn ‘wedge’]

sphenoid /ˈsfi:nɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wedge-shaped 楔形的 2 Anat.  of or relating to the sphenoid bone 【解】蝶骨的；有关蝶骨的 ●n. (in full 全称 sphenoid bone)  a compound bone forming the base of the cranium behind the eyes 蝶骨 □ sphenoidal  /-ˈnɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin sphenoides from Greek sphēnoeidēs, from sphēn ‘wedge’]

sphere /sfiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solid figure, or its surface, with every point on its surface equidistant from its centre 球；球体；球面 2  an object having this shape; a ball or globe 球状物；球形 3  a  any celestial body 天体b  a globe representing the earth 地球仪c poet.  the heavens; the sky [诗]天；天空d  the sky perceived as a vault upon or in which celestial bodies are represented as lying 苍穹e hist.  each of a series of revolving concentrically arranged spherical shells in which celestial bodies were formerly thought to be set in a fixed relationship [史义]天球(古时人们想像的旋转球体，曾被认为内有固定位置的天体) 4  a  a field of action, influence, or existence (行动、影响或存在的)范围；领域  have done much within their own sphere  在他们自己的领域内做了许多工作b  a (usu. specified) stratum of society or social class 社会阶层；社会等级  moves in quite another sphere  进入一个完全不同的社会阶层 ●v. tr. archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  1  enclose in or as in a sphere 把…放在天球内 2  form into a sphere 使成球形 □ music (or harmony) of the spheres   the natural harmonic tones supposedly produced by the movement of the celestial spheres (see sense 3e of n. 见名词释义 3e) or the bodies fixed in them 天体音乐□ spheral  adj.   [Middle English sper(e) via Old French espere and Late Latin sphera, Latin sphaera, from Greek sphaira ‘ball’]

-sphere /sfiə/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  having the form of a sphere (bathysphere 深海球形潜水器) 球形的，球体的 2  a region round the earth (atmosphere 大气层) 环绕地球的区域

sphere of influence n.  the claimed or recognized area of a state's interests, an individual's control, etc. 势力范围

spheric /ˈsferik/ adj.  = SPHERICAL  □ sphericity  /-ˈrisiti/ n.  

spherical /ˈsferik(ə)l/ adj.  1  shaped like a sphere; globular 球形的，球状的 2  a  of or relating to the properties of spheres 具有球形特性的  spherical geometry  球面几何学b  formed inside or on the surface of a sphere 球内的；球面的  spherical triangle  球面三角形 □ spherically  adv.   [Late Latin sphaericus from Greek sphairikos (as SPHERE)]

spherical aberration n.  a loss of definition in the image arising from the surface geometry of a spherical mirror or lens 球面像差

spherical angle n.  an angle formed by the intersection of two great circles of a sphere 球面角

spheroid /ˈsfiərɔid/ n.  1  a spherelike but not perfectly spherical body 扁球体 2  a solid generated by a half-revolution of an ellipse about its major axis (prolate spheroid 长球) or minor axis (oblate spheroid 扁球) (绕椭圆的长轴或短轴半旋转的)回转椭圆体 □ spheroidal  /sfiəˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.  □ spheroidicity  /-ˈdisiti/ n.  

spherometer /sfiəˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for finding the radius of a sphere and for the exact measurement of the thickness of small bodies 球径计，球面曲率计(测量球体半径和小型物体厚度的仪器) [French sphéromètre (as SPHERE, -METER)]

spherule /ˈsferju:l/ n.  a small sphere 小球(体) □ spherular  adj.   [Late Latin sphaerula, diminutive of Latin sphaera (as SPHERE)]

spherulite /ˈsferjʊlait/ n.  a vitreous globule as a constituent of volcanic rocks (火山岩中的)球粒 □ spherulitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  

sphincter /ˈsfiŋktə/ n. Anat.  a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, esp. the anus 【解】括约肌(尤指肛门括约肌) □ sphincteral  adj.  □ sphincteric  /-ˈterik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek sphigktēr, from sphiggō ‘bind tight’]

sphingid /ˈsfindʒid/ n.  a hawkmoth (family Sphingidae) 天蛾 [as SPHINX + -ID3]

sphinx /sfiŋks/ n.  1 (作 Sphinx) (in Greek mythology) the winged monster of Thebes, having a woman's head and a lion's body, whose riddle Oedipus guessed and who consequently killed herself (希腊神话)斯芬克司(带翼的狮身女怪，她出的谜语被俄狄浦斯解破后自杀) 2 Antiq. 【古】  a  any of several ancient Egyptian stone figures having a lion's body and a human or animal head (古埃及的)狮身人面像，狮身兽面像b (作 the Sphinx)  the huge sphinx near the Pyramids at Giza (埃及吉萨金字塔旁的)狮身人面像 3  an enigmatic or inscrutable person 难于捉摸的人，高深莫测的人 4 US  a hawkmoth, esp. of the genus Sphinx [美]天蛾 5  a baboon, esp. the mandrill, Mandrillus sphinx 狒狒(尤指西非大狒狒) [Latin from Greek Sphigx, apparently from sphiggō ‘draw tight’]

sphygmo- /ˈsfiɡməʊ/ comb. form Physiol.  a pulse or pulsation [构词成分]【生理】脉，脉搏 [Greek sphugmo- from sphugmos ‘pulse’, from sphuzō ‘to throb’]

sphygmogram /ˈsfiɡmə(ʊ)ɡræm/ n.  a record produced by a sphygmograph 脉搏描记，脉搏曲线

sphygmograph /ˈsfiɡmə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for showing the character of a pulse in a series of curves 脉搏描记器，脉波计 □ sphygmographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ sphygmographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ sphygmography  /-ˈmɒɡrəfi/ n.  

sphygmology /sfiɡˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the pulse 脉学，脉搏学 □ sphygmological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  

sphygmomanometer /ˌsfiɡməʊməˈnɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring blood pressure 血压计 □ sphygmomanometric  /-nəˈmetrik/ adj.  

spic1 /spik/ n. US slang offens. [美] [俚语] [冒犯]  1  a Spanish-speaking person from Central or S. America or the Caribbean, esp. a Mexican (从中美、南美或加勒比海来的)讲西班牙语的人(尤指墨西哥人) 2  the Spanish language spoken by such a person (上述人讲的)西班牙语 [abbreviation of spiggoty, of uncertain origin: perhaps alteration of speak the in ‘no speak the English’]

spic2  see 见 SPICK AND SPAN 

spica /ˈspaikə/ n.  1 Bot.  a spike or spikelike form 【植】穗状花序 2 Surgery  a spiral bandage with reversed turns, suggesting an ear of corn 【外科】穗形绷带，人字形绷带 □ spicate  /-keit, -kət/ adj.  □ spicated  /-ˈkeitid/ adj.   [Latin, = spike, ear of corn, related to spina SPINE: in sense 2 influenced by Greek stakhus]

spiccato /spiˈkɑ:təʊ/ n., adj. & adv. Mus. 【音】  ●n.  a style of staccato playing on stringed instruments involving bouncing the bow on the strings 跳弓演奏 ●adj.  performed or to be performed in this style 用跳弓演奏的 ●adv.  in this style 用跳弓演奏地 [Italian, = detailed, distinct]

spice /spais/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an aromatic or pungent vegetable substance used to flavour food, e.g. cloves, pepper, or mace 香料，调味品(如丁香、胡椒或肉豆蔻) 2  spices collectively (总称)香料  a dealer in spice  香料商人 3  a  an interesting or piquant quality 趣味，情趣b (foll. by 后跟 of)  a slight flavour or suggestion 少许，一点  a spice of malice  一点恶意 ●v. tr.  1  flavour with spice 加香料于，用香料调味 2  add an interesting or piquant quality to 使增添趣味  a book spiced with humour  一本有幽默感的书 [Middle English via Old French espice(r) from Latin species ‘specific kind’: in Late Latin pl. = merchandise]

spicebush /ˈspaisbʊʃ/ n.  an aromatic shrub, Lindera benzoin (laurel family), native to America 山胡椒，洋蜡梅(产于美洲的一种芬芳灌木)

spicey var.  of SPICY  SPICY 的变体

spick and span /spik(ə)nd ˈspæn/ adj. (also 亦作 spic and span)  1  neat and clean 干净整洁的 2  smart and new 崭新漂亮的 [16th-c. spick and span new, emphatic extension of Middle English span new from Old Norse spɑˊn-nýr, from spɑˊnn ‘chip’ + nýr ‘new’]

spicule /ˈspikju:l/ n.  1  any small sharp-pointed body 针状物 2 Zool.  a small hard calcareous or siliceous body, esp. in the framework of a sponge 【动】(尤指海绵的)骨针 3 Bot.  a small or secondary spike 【植】小穗状花序 4 Astron.  a spikelike prominence, esp. one appearing as a jet of gas in the sun's corona 【天】(尤指日冕中的)针状日珥 □ spicular  adj.  □ spiculate  /-lət/ adj.   [modern Latin spicula, spiculum, diminutives of SPICA]

spicy /ˈspaisi/ adj. (also 亦作 spicey) (spicier, spiciest)  1  of, flavoured with, or fragrant with spice 香料的；加有香料的；有香料味的 2  a  piquant, pungent 辛辣的；尖锐的b  sensational or improper 耸人听闻的；下流的  a spicy story  下流的故事 □ spicily  adv.  □ spiciness  n.  

spider /ˈspaidə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any eight-legged arthropod of the order Araneae with a round unsegmented body, many of which spin webs for the capture of insects as food 蜘蛛(蛛形目中任一种长有八条腿的节肢动物，其中大多数通过结网捕捉昆虫作为食物)b  any of various similar or related arachnids, e.g. a red spider 蜘蛛纲类节肢动物(如红蜘蛛) 2  any object comparable to a spider, esp. as having numerous or prominent legs or radiating spokes (尤指具有向外突起部分的)支架；十字接头 3 Brit.  a radiating series of elastic ties used to hold a load in place on a vehicle etc. [英] (车辆等上用于固定重物的)星形轮 ●v. intr.  1  move in a scuttling manner suggestive of a spider 蜘蛛般移动  fingers spidered across the map  手指在地图上交叉地移动 2  cause to move or appear in this way 使(或像)蜘蛛般移动 3 (as 作 spidering adj.)  spiderlike in form, manner, or movement 蜘蛛似的；蜘蛛式的；蜘蛛般移动的  spidering streets  蜘蛛状街道 □ spiderish  adj.   [Old English spīthra (as SPIN)]

spider crab n.  any of various crabs of the family Majidae with a pear-shaped body and long thin legs 蜘蛛蟹(身体呈梨形，腿细长)

spiderman /ˈspaidəmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. colloq.  a person who works at great heights in building construction [英口]高空作业的建筑工人

spider mite n. (in full 全称 red spider mite)  a plant-feeding mite of the family Tetranychidae, esp. Tetranychus urticae, a serious garden and hothouse pest (also called 亦称作 red spider 红蜘蛛) 红叶螨(一种以植物为食的螨虫，是对花园和温室造成严重损害的害虫)

spider monkey n.  any S. American monkey of the genera Ateles and Brachyteles, with long limbs and a prehensile tail 蛛猴(南美猴，四肢长，尾巴能盘卷)

spider plant n.  a southern African plant, Chlorophytum comosum (lily family), with long narrow striped leaves, often grown as a house plant 蛛状吊兰(产于南非的一种植物，叶片细长，常家庭种养)

spiderwort /ˈspaidəwɜ:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Tradescantia, esp. T. virginiana, having flowers with long hairy stamens 紫露草(其花的雄蕊长且多毛)

spidery /ˈspaid(ə)ri/ adj.  elongated and thin 细长的  spidery handwriting  细长的字迹

spiegeleisen /ˈspi:ɡ(ə)laiz(ə)n/ n.  an alloy of iron and manganese, used in steel-making 镜铁(一种铁锰合金，用于制钢) [German, from Spiegel ‘mirror’ + Eisen ‘iron’]

spiel /ʃpi:l, spi:l/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  a glib speech or story, esp. a salesman's patter 夸夸其谈；(尤指)推销员的喋喋不休 ●v.  1 intr.  speak glibly; hold forth 口齿伶俐地说；滔滔不绝地说 2 tr.  reel off (patter etc.) 滔滔不绝地讲 [German, = play, gam]

spieler /ˈʃpi:lə, ˈspi:lə/ n. slang [俚语]  1 esp. US  a person who spiels [尤美]商业推销员，招揽顾客者 2 Austral. & NZ  a gambler; a swindler [澳新]赌徒；骗子 [German (as SPIEL)]

spiff /spif/ v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 up) N. Amer. colloq.  make attractive or smart [北美口]把…打扮得漂亮迷人 [perhaps from dialect spiff ‘well-dressed’]

spiffing /ˈspifiŋ/ adj. Brit. archaic slang [英古义] [俚语]  1  excellent 绝妙的，极好的 2  smart, handsome 迷人的，好看的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

spiffy /ˈspifi/ adj. (spiffier, spiffiest) esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  = SPIFFING  □ spiffily  adv.  

spiflicate /ˈspiflikeit/ v. tr. (also 亦作 spifflicate) esp. joc. [尤诙]  1  destroy 使完蛋，处置掉 2  beat (in a fight etc.) (打架等中的)痛打 [18th c.: fanciful]

spignel /ˈspiɡn(ə)l/ n.  an aromatic white-flowered umbelliferous mountain plant, Meum athamanticum Also called 亦称作 baldmoney, meu (开白色香花的)伞形科植物 [perhaps from Middle English plant-name spigurnel, from medieval Latin spigurnellus, of unknown origin]

spigot /ˈspiɡət/ n.  1  a small peg or plug, esp. for insertion into the vent of a cask (尤指桶口上的)塞栓，塞子 2  a US  a tap [美]水龙头b  a device for controlling the flow of liquid in a tap (水龙头上控制水流的)开关 3  the plain end of a section of a pipe fitting into the socket of the next one (管子的)插端 [Middle English, perhaps via Provençal espigou(n) from Latin spiculum, diminutive of spicum = SPICA]

spike1 /spaik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sharp point 尖端b  a pointed piece of metal, esp. the top of an iron railing etc. 金属钉状物(尤指铁栏杆等的尖头) 2  a  any of several metal points set into the sole of a running shoe to prevent slipping (用于防滑的)跑鞋钉b (in pl. 用复数)  a pair of running shoes with spikes 钉鞋 3  a Brit.  a pointed metal rod standing on a base and used for filing news items etc. esp. when rejected for publication [英] (尤指将废稿存档时用的)装订轴b  a similar spike used for bills etc. (账单等的)装订轴 4  a large stout nail esp. as used for railways (尤指铁路上的)道钉 5 slang  a hypodermic needle [俚语]皮下注射用的针头 6 Brit. slang  a doss-house [英] [俚语]小客栈 7 Electronics  a pulse of very short duration in which a rapid increase in voltage is followed by a rapid decrease 【电子学】(脉冲)尖峰 ●v. tr.  1  a  fasten or provide with spikes 用钉子钉紧；钉上钉子b  fix on or pierce with spikes 用钉子固定；用尖物刺穿 2 (of a newspaper editor etc.) reject (a story) by filing it on a spike (报纸编辑等)弃置不用(稿件) 3 colloq. [口]  a  lace (a drink) with alcohol, a drug, etc. 往(饮料)中兑烈性酒(或毒品等)b  contaminate (a substance) with something added (加入异物)使受污染 4  make useless, put an end to or thwart (an idea etc.) 使无用；制止，挫败(想法等) 5 hist.  plug up the vent of (a gun) with a spike [史义]用大钉打入火门使(炮)无用 □ spike a person's guns   spoil his or her plans 破坏某人的计划 [Middle English, perhaps from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch spiker, related to SPOKE1]

spike2 /spaik/ n. Bot.  a flower cluster formed of many flower heads attached closely on a long stem 【植】穗状花序 [Middle English, = ear of corn, from Latin SPICA]

spike heel n.  a high tapering heel of a shoe (鞋的)细高跟

spikelet /ˈspaiklit/ n.  a small spike; esp. the basic unit of a grass flower, with two bracts at the base 小穗；小穗状花序(尤指草本植物花朵的基本单位，在花基处有两片苞叶) [SPIKE2 + -LET]

spikenard /ˈspaiknɑ:d/ n.  1  a hist.  a costly perfumed ointment much valued in ancient times [史义]甘松油膏(古时候十分贵重的一种芬芳油膏)b  the plant from whose rhizome this was prepared, probably the Himalayan Nardostachys grandiflora 甘松(可能产于喜马拉雅山脉，其根茎可提取甘松香的植物) 2 hist. [史义]  = NARD 1  3  a plant resembling spikenard in fragrance 类似甘松香的植物  ploughman's spikenard  粗叶旋复花 [Middle English, ultimately from medieval Latin spica nardi (as SPIKE2, NARD), translating Greek nardostakhus]

spiky /ˈspaiki/ adj. (spikier, spikiest)  1  like a spike; having many spikes 大钉似的；多钉的 2 colloq.  easily offended; prickly [口]易怒的；尖刻的 □ spikily  adv.  □ spikiness  n.  

spile /spail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wooden peg or spigot 木塞；木栓 2  a large timber or pile for driving into the ground 木桩；支柱 3 N. Amer.  a small spout for tapping the sap from a sugar maple etc. [北美] (采糖槭树液用的)小插管 ●v. tr.  broach (a cask etc.) with a spike in order to draw off liquid (给桶等)装插管 [Middle Dutch, Middle Low German, = wooden peg etc.: in sense 2 apparently an alteration of PILE2]

spill1 /spil/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. spilt or spilled)  1 intr. & tr.  fall or run or cause (a liquid, powder, etc.) to fall or run out of a vessel, esp. unintentionally (尤指非故意地使液体、粉末等)溢出，溅出，流出，洒落 2  a tr. & intr.  throw (a person etc.) from a vehicle, saddle, etc. (使人等从车辆、马鞍等上)摔下，跌下b intr. (esp. of a crowd) tumble out quickly from a place etc. (尤指人群)涌出，蜂拥  the fans spilled into the street  追星族们涌上了大街 3 tr. slang  disclose (information etc.) [俚语]泄露(消息等) 4 tr. Naut. 【海】  a  empty (a sail) of wind 减少(帆的)受风压力b  lose (wind) from a sail 减少(风)对帆面的压力 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of spilling or being spilt 溢出，溅出，流出，洒落b  a quantity spilt 溢出量 2  a tumble or fall, esp. from a horse etc. (尤指从马等上)摔下，跌下  had a nasty spill  摔得很重 3 Austral.  the vacating of all or several posts of a parliamentary party to allow reorganization [澳] (某一政党重组带来的)职位空缺 □ spill the beans  colloq.  divulge information etc., esp. unintentionally or indiscreetly [口] (尤指无心或不慎)走漏(消息等)□ spill blood   be guilty of bloodshed 犯伤人罪；犯杀人罪□ spill the blood of   kill or injure (a person) 杀害；伤害(某人)□ spill over   1  overflow 溅出，溢出 2 (of a surplus population) be forced to move (cf. 参见 OVERSPILL 2) (过多的人口)被迫外流□ spillage  /-idʒ/ n.  □ spiller  n.   [Old English spillan ‘kill’, related to Old English spildan ‘destroy’: origin unknown]

spill2 /spil/ n.  a thin strip of wood, folded or twisted paper, etc., used for lighting a fire, candles, a pipe, etc. (用于点燃火、蜡烛、烟斗等的)木片，纸捻儿 [Middle English, related to SPILE]

spillikin /ˈspilikin/ n. (also 亦作 spellican /ˈspelik(ə)n/)  1  a splinter of wood, bone, etc. (木头、骨等的)碎片，尖片 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a game in which a heap of spillikins is to be removed one at a time without moving the others 挑棒游戏(一次只能移动一根游戏棒，其他游戏棒需保持不动的一种游戏) [SPILL2 + -KIN]

spillover /ˈspiləʊvə/ n.  1  a  the process or an instance of spilling over 溢出，溅出b  a thing that spills over 溢出物，溅出物 2  a consequence, repercussion, or by-product 结果；反应；出乎意料的效果

spillway /ˈspilwei/ n.  a passage for surplus water from a dam (水坝的)溢洪道，泄洪道

spilt past and past part.  of SPILL1 

spilth /spilθ/ n.  1  material that is spilled 溢出物 2  the act or an instance of spilling 溢出 3  an excess or surplus 过剩物；废物，垃圾

spin /spin/ v. & n. ●v. (spinning; past spun /spʌn/ or span /spæn/; past part. spun)  1 intr. & tr.  turn or cause (a person or thing) to turn or whirl round quickly (使)旋转 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  draw out and twist (wool, cotton, etc.) into threads 纺(羊毛、棉花等)b  make (yarn) in this way 纺(纱)c  make a similar type of thread from (a synthetic substance etc.) (用合成纤维等)纺线 3 tr. (of a spider, silkworm, etc.) make (a web, gossamer, a cocoon, etc.) by extruding a fine viscous thread (蚕等)吐丝作(茧)；(蜘蛛等)结(网) 4 tr.  tell or write (a story, essay, article, etc.) 讲述，撰写(故事、散文、文章等)  spins a good tale  编写一个好故事 5 tr.  impart spin to (a ball) 使(球)旋转 6 intr. (of a person's head etc.) be dizzy through excitement, astonishment, etc. (因激动、震惊等)眩晕 7 tr.  shape (metal) in a mould on a lathe etc. (在车床等上)使(金属)铸模成形 8 intr. esp. Cricket (of a ball) move through the air with spin (尤)【板球】(球)旋转 9 tr. (as 作 spun adj.)  converted into threads 拉丝  spun glass  玻璃纤维 spun gold  金丝 spun sugar  糖丝 10 tr.  fish in (a stream, pool, etc.) with a spinner (在溪或池等中)用旋式诱饵钓鱼 11 tr.  toss (a coin) 抛，掷(硬币) 12 tr.  = spin-dry (see 见 SPIN-DRYER)  ●n.  1  a spinning motion; a whirl 旋转；飞转 2  an aircraft's diving descent combined with rotation (飞机的)螺旋下降 3  a  a revolving motion through the air, esp. in a rifle bullet or in a billiard, tennis, or table tennis ball struck aslant (尤指步枪子弹、台球、网球或乒乓球的)旋转b Cricket  a twisting motion given to the ball in bowling 【板球】(球掷出时的)旋转 4 colloq.  a brief drive in a motor vehicle, aeroplane, etc., esp. for pleasure [口] (乘汽车、飞机等的)短途游览；(尤指)兜风 5 Physics  the intrinsic angular momentum of a subatomic particle 【物理学】(亚原子粒子的)自旋 6 Austral. & NZ slang  a piece of good or bad luck [澳新] [俚语] (好或坏)运气 7 esp. US Polit.  a bias in information to give a favourable impression [尤美]【政】(扭转舆论的)信息 □ spin off   throw off by centrifugal force in spinning (通过离心作用)抛出，扔出□ spin out   1  prolong (a discussion etc.) 拖长(讨论等) 2  make (a story, money, etc.) last as long as possible 把(故事)拉长；使(金钱等)维持较长时间 3  spend or consume (time, one's life, etc., by discussion or in an occupation etc.) (在工作或讨论等中)度过，消磨(时间、生命等) 4 US (esp. of a driver or car) lose or go out of control, esp. in a skid [美] (尤指司机或汽车)失控，(尤指)打滑 5 Cricket  dismiss (a batsman or side) by spin bowling 【板球】投旋转球击败(击球手或对方)□ spin a yarn  orig. Naut.  tell a story (源于)【海】讲故事 [Old English spinnan]

spina bifida /spainə ˈbifidə/ n.  a congenital defect of the spine, in which part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone 脊柱裂(一种先天性脊柱缺陷，部分脊髓和髓膜通过脊椎上的裂口暴露在外) [modern Latin (as SPINE, BIFID)]

spinach /ˈspinidʒ, -itʃ/ n.  1  a green garden vegetable, Spinacia oleracea, with succulent leaves 菠菜 2  the leaves of this plant used as food 菠菜叶 □ spinachy  adj.   [probably Middle Dutch spinaetse, spinag(i)e, via Old French espinage, espinache, medieval Latin spinac(h)ia etc., and Arabic 'isfɑˉnɑˉk from Persian ispɑˉnɑˉk: perhaps assimilated to Latin spina SPINE, with reference to its prickly seeds]

spinach beet n.  a variety of beetroot cultivated for its edible leaves 莙荙菜(一种甜菜根，其叶可食用)

spinal /ˈspain(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the spine 脊的；脊柱的；脊髓的  spinal curvature  脊柱弯曲 spinal disease  脊柱病 □ spinally  adv.   [Late Latin spinalis (as SPINE)]

spinal canal n.  a cavity through the vertebrae containing the spinal cord 脊管，椎管

spinal column n.  the spine 脊柱

spinal cord n.  a cylindrical structure of the central nervous system enclosed in the spine, connecting all parts of the body with the brain 脊髓(脊柱内圆柱状的中枢神经系统，将身体各部分与脑相连)

spin bowler n. Cricket  an expert at bowling with spin 【板球】擅长投旋转球的球手

spindle /ˈspind(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a pin in a spinning wheel used for twisting and winding the thread (纺车的)锭子，纺锤b  a small bar with tapered ends used for the same purpose in hand-spinning (手纺用的)绕线杆c  a pin bearing the bobbin of a spinning machine (织机上装线轴的)轴芯 2  a pin or axis that revolves or on which something revolves 转轴 3 US [美]  = SPIKE1n. 3a  4  a turned piece of wood used as a banister, chair leg, etc. (栏杆、椅子腿等的)纺锤形立柱 5 Biol.  a spindle-shaped mass of microtubules formed when a cell divides 【生】纺锤体 6  a varying measure of length for yarn 纱的长度单位 7  a slender person or thing 瘦高的人；细长的东西 ●v. intr.  have, or grow into, a long slender form 长得瘦高；变得细长 [Old English spinel (as SPIN)]

spindle-berry n.  the fruit of the spindle tree 卫矛果

spindle-shanks n. pl.  1  long thin legs 细长腿 2 (treated as sing. 看作单数)  a person with such legs 细长腿的人 □ spindle-shanked  adj.  

spindle-shaped adj.  having a circular cross-section and tapering towards each end 纺锤状的

spindle side n.  = DISTAFF SIDE 

spindle tree n.  any shrub or small tree of the genus Euonymus, esp. E. europaeus with greenish-white flowers, pink or red berries, and hard wood used for spindles 卫矛(卫矛属中任一种灌木或小树，开绿白色花，结粉红色或红色浆果，木质坚硬，可用于制作锭子)

spindly /ˈspindli/ adj. (spindlier, spindliest)  long or tall and thin; thin and weak 细长的；瘦弱的

spin doctor n. colloq.  a political spokesperson employed to give a favourable interpretation of events to the media [口] (向媒体提供有利解释的)政界发言人，媒体顾问

spindrift /ˈspindrift/ n.  spray blown along the surface of the sea 海浪溅沫 [Scots variant of spoondrift, from spoon ‘run before wind or sea’ + DRIFT]

spin-dryer n. (also 亦作 spin-drier)  a machine for drying wet clothes etc. centrifugally in a revolving drum 旋转式脱水机 □ spin-dry  v.  

spine /spain/ n.  1  a series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the small of the back, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen; the backbone 脊骨，脊柱 2 Zool. & Bot.  any hard pointed process or structure 【动】【植】刺；棘 3  a sharp ridge or projection, esp. of a mountain range or slope (尤指山脉或山坡的)脊 4  a central feature, main support, or source of strength 勇气，骨气 5  the part of a book's jacket or cover that encloses the inner edges of the pages and usu. faces outwards on a shelf 书脊 □ spined  adj.   [Middle English from Old French espine or Latin spina ‘thorn, backbone’]

spine-chiller n.  a frightening story, film, etc. 恐怖作品(指故事或电影等) □ spine-chilling  adj.  

spinel /spiˈnel, ˈspin(ə)l/ n.  1  any of a group of hard crystalline minerals of various colours, consisting chiefly of oxides of magnesium and aluminium 尖晶石(一种坚硬的晶状矿石，有各种颜色，主要成分是镁和铝的氧化物) 2  any substance of similar composition or properties 尖晶石似的物质 [French spinelle from Italian spinella, diminutive of spina: see SPINE]

spineless /ˈspainlis/ adj.  1  a  having no spine; invertebrate 无脊柱的；无脊椎的b (of an animal or plant) having no spines (动物或植物)无刺的，无棘的 2 (of a person) lacking energy or resolution; weak and purposeless (人)没有骨气的，没有勇气的，软弱的 □ spinelessly  adv.  □ spinelessness  n.  

spinel ruby n.  a deep red variety of spinel used as a gem 红尖晶石

spinet /spiˈnet, ˈspinit/ n.  1 hist.  a small harpsichord with oblique strings [史义]小型拨弦古钢琴 2 US  a type of small upright piano [美]小型立式钢琴 [obsolete French espinette from Italian spinetta ‘virginal, spinet’, diminutive of spina ‘thorn’ etc. (as SPINE), with reference to the plucked strings]

spinifex /ˈspinifeks/ n.  any Australian grass of the genus Spinifex, with coarse, spiny leaves 三齿稃(产于澳大利亚的一种草，叶片粗糙多刺) [modern Latin, from Latin spina SPINE + -fex ‘maker’ from facere ‘make’]

spinnaker /ˈspinəkə/ n.  a large triangular sail carried opposite the mainsail of a racing yacht running before the wind (赛艇的)大三角帆 [fanciful from Sphinx, the name of the yacht first using it, perhaps influenced by spanker]

spinner /ˈspinə/ n.  1  a person or thing that spins 纺纱工；纺纱机 2 Cricket 【板球】  a  a spin bowler 擅长投旋转球的球手b  a spun ball 旋转球 3  a spin-dryer 旋转式脱水机 4  a  a real or artificial fly for esp. trout-fishing (尤指钓鲑鱼时用的)活诱饵，人造诱饵b  revolving bait 旋转诱饵 5  a manufacturer or merchant engaged in (esp. cotton-) spinning (尤指纺棉花的)纺纱商 6  = SPINNERET 1  7 archaic  a spider [古义]蜘蛛

spinneret /ˈspinəret/ n.  1  the spinning-organ in a spider, silkworm, etc. (蜘蛛、蚕等的)吐丝器 2  a device for forming filaments of synthetic fibre 喷丝头(用来制造合成纤维丝的装置)

spinney /ˈspini/ n. (pl. -eys) Brit.  a small wood; a thicket [英]小树林；灌木丛 [Old French espinei from Latin spinetum ‘thicket’, from spina ‘thorn’]

spinning /ˈspiniŋ/ n.  the act or an instance of spinning 纺纱，纺织

spinning jenny n. hist.  a machine for spinning with more than one spindle at a time [史义]多轴纺纱机，珍妮纺纱机

spinning machine n.  a machine that spins fibres continuously 纺纱机

spinning mule  see 见 MULE1 4 

spinning top n.  = TOP2 

spinning wheel n.  a household machine for spinning yarn or thread with a spindle driven by a wheel attached to a crank or treadle 手纺车(由一个手摇或脚踏的轮子和一个纺锤组成的纺纱或纺线的装置)

spin-off n.  an incidental result or results esp. as a side benefit from industrial technology (尤指工业技术的)派生产品，副产品

spinose /ˈspainəʊs, spaiˈnəʊs/ adj. (also 亦作 spinous /-nəs/) esp. Bot. & Zool.  having spines, spiny (尤)【植】【动】有刺的，多刺的

Spinozism /spiˈnəʊziz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine of Spinoza that there is one infinite substance of which extension and thought are attributes and human beings are changing forms 【哲】斯宾诺莎学说(或主义) (斯宾诺莎创建的学说，认为存在一种无限的物质，外延和思想是其属性，而人类是其不断变化的形式) □ Spinozist  n.  □ Spinozistic  /-ˈzistik/ adj.   [B. de Spinoza, Dutch philosopher d. 1677]

spinster /ˈspinstə/ n.  1  an unmarried woman 未婚女人 2  a woman, esp. elderly, thought unlikely to marry 老处女(尤指年龄大，不大可能结婚的女子) □ spinsterhood  n.  □ spinsterish  adj.  □ spinsterishness  n.   [Middle English, originally = woman who spins]

spinthariscope /spinˈθæriskəʊp/ n.  an instrument with a fluorescent screen showing the incidence of alpha particles by flashes (用于显示闪烁现象引起的阿尔法粒子入射的)闪烁镜 [formed irregularly from Greek spintharis ‘spark’ + -SCOPE]

spinule /ˈspinju:l/ n. Bot. & Zool.  a small spine 【植】【动】小刺 □ spinulose  adj.  □ spinulous  adj.   [Latin spinula, diminutive of spina SPINE]

spiny /ˈspaini/ adj. (spinier, spiniest)  1  full of spines; prickly 多刺的；刺状的 2  perplexing, troublesome, thorny 令人困惑的，麻烦的，棘手的 □ spininess  n.  

spiny anteater n.  = ECHIDNA 

spiny lobster n.  any of various large edible crustaceans of the family Palinuridae, esp. Palinuris vulgaris, with a spiny shell and no large anterior claws 龙虾(龙虾科中一种大型可食甲壳类动物，其甲背多刺，没有大钳)

spiracle /ˈspairək(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 spiraculum /ˌspaiəˈrækjʊləm/) (pl. spiracles or spiracula /-lə/)  an external respiratory opening in insects, whales, and some fish (昆虫、鲸、鱼的)呼吸孔，气孔，鳃孔 □ spiracular  /-ˈrækjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin spiraculum from spirare ‘breathe’]

spiraea /spaiˈri:ə/ n. (US [美] spirea)  any shrub of the genus Spiraea (rose family), with clusters of small white or pink flowers 绣线菊属(开白或粉色花串) [Latin from Greek speiraia, from speira ‘a coil’]

spiral /ˈspair(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  winding about a centre in an enlarging or decreasing continuous circular motion, either on a flat plane or rising in a cone; coiled 螺旋形的 2  winding continuously along or as if along a cylinder, like the thread of a screw 盘旋的 ●n.  1  a plane or three-dimensional spiral curve 螺旋 2  a spiral spring 螺旋弹簧 3  a spiral formation in a shell etc. (贝壳等上的)螺旋形 4  a spiral galaxy 螺旋星系 5  a progressive rise or fall of prices, wages, etc., each responding to an upward or downward stimulus provided by the other (价格、工资等的)不断上升(或下降)  a spiral of rising prices and wages  不断上涨的价格和工资 ●v. (spiralled, spiralling; US [美] spiraled, spiraling)  1 intr.  move in a spiral course, esp. upwards or downwards 螺旋式移动，(尤指)盘旋升降 2 tr.  make spiral 使成螺旋形 3 intr. esp. Econ. (of prices, wages, etc.) rise or fall, esp. rapidly (cf. 参见 sense 5 of n.) (尤)【经】(价格、工资等) (尤指快速)上升(或下降) □ spirality  /-ˈræliti/ n.  □ spirally  adv.   [French spiral or medieval Latin spiralis (as SPIRE2)]

spiral balance n.  a device for measuring weight by the torsion of a spiral spring 螺旋弹簧秤

spiral galaxy n.  a galaxy in which the matter is concentrated mainly in one or more spiral arms 螺旋星系

spiral staircase n.  a staircase rising in a spiral round a central axis 螺旋式楼梯

spirant /ˈspair(ə)nt/ adj. & n. Phonet. 【语音】  ●adj. (of a consonant) uttered with a continuous expulsion of breath, esp. fricative (辅音)摩擦音的 ●n.  such a consonant 摩擦音 [Latin spirare spirant- ‘breathe’]

spire1 /spaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tapering conical or pyramidal structure built esp. on a church tower (cf. 参见 STEEPLE) (尤指教堂的)尖塔，尖顶 2  the continuation of a tree trunk above the point where branching begins 幼叶，幼苗，抽条 3  any tapering thing, e.g. the spike of a flower 锥形物，尖塔状物(如花的穗) ●v. tr.  provide with a spire 给…装尖塔 □ spiry  /ˈspairi/ adj.   [Old English spīr]

spire2 /spaiə/ n.  1  a  a spiral; a coil 螺旋；螺线b  a single twist of this 螺旋(或螺线)的一圈 2  the upper part of a spiral shell (螺旋形贝壳的)螺塔，螺环 [French via Latin spira from Greek speira ‘a coil’]

spirea US var.  of SPIRAEA [美] SPIRAEA 的变体

spirillum /spaiˈriləm/ n. (pl. spirilla /-lə/)  any bacterium with a rigid spiral structure, esp. one of the genus Spirillum 螺菌 [modern Latin, irregular diminutive of Latin spira SPIRE2]

spirit /ˈspirit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the vital animating essence of a person or animal 精神  was sadly broken in spirit  垂头丧气的b  the intelligent non-physical part of a person; the soul 心灵 2  a  a rational or intelligent being without a material body 灵魂b  a supernatural being such as a ghost, fairy, etc. 鬼魂，幽灵  haunted by spirits  被鬼魂困扰 3  a prevailing mental or moral condition or attitude; a mood; a tendency 态度；心境；情绪；脾性  public spirit  公益心 took it in the wrong spirit  误会这件事了 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. Brit.  strong distilled liquor, e.g. brandy, whisky, gin, rum [尤英]烈性酒(如白兰地、威士忌、杜松子酒、朗姆酒) 5 (US [美] esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a  a distilled liquid essence 精  spirit of hartshorn  鹿角精b  a distilled alcohol 蒸馏酒精  methylated spirit  甲基化酒精c  a solution of a volatile principle in alcohol; a tincture 醑剂  spirit of ammonia  氨醑 6  a  a person's mental or moral nature or qualities, usu. specified (通常为特定的)品质，本质  has an unbending spirit  具有不屈不挠的品质b  a person viewed as possessing these 具有某种特定品质的人  is an ardent spirit  是个热心人c (in full 全称 high spirit)  courage, energy, vivacity, dash 勇气，活力，朝气，干劲  played with spirit  充满活力地演奏 infused him with spirit  使他充满了朝气 7  the real meaning as opposed to lip-service or verbal expression 真实意义，实质  the spirit of the law  法律的真实意义 8 archaic  an immaterial principle thought to govern vital phenomena [古义]本能，直觉  animal spirits  动物本能 ●v. tr. (spirited, spiriting) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off, etc.)  convey rapidly and secretly by or as if by spirits 神秘地带走；拐带，诱拐 □ in (or in the) spirit   inwardly; sensed psychologically as giving support though not present physically 在心中，在精神上  shall be with you in spirit  精神上与你同在□ the spirit moves a person   he or she feels inclined (to do something) (originally in Quaker use) (原为贵格会教徒使用)受到鼓舞想要(做…)□ spirit up   animate or cheer (a person) 鼓励，激励(某人) [Middle English via Anglo-French(e)spirit, Old French esp(e)rit from Latin spiritus ‘breath, spirit’, from spirare ‘breathe’]

spirit duplicator n.  a duplicator using an alcoholic solution to reproduce copies from a master sheet 醇溶碳纸复印机(使用酒精溶液从原稿复制文件的复印机)

spirited /ˈspiritid/ adj.  1  full of spirit; animated, lively, brisk, or courageous 精神饱满的；生机勃勃的，活泼的，勇敢的  a spirited attack  勇猛的进攻 a spirited translation  生动活泼的译文 2  having a spirit or spirits of a specified kind 有…精神的；有…情绪的  high-spirited  情绪高涨的 mean-spirited  精神卑劣的 □ spiritedly  adv.  □ spiritedness  n.  

spirit gum n.  a quick-drying solution of gum used esp. for attaching false hair (尤指粘假发用的)快干胶水

spirit lamp n.  a lamp burning methylated or other volatile spirits instead of oil 酒精灯

spiritless /ˈspiritlis/ adj.  lacking courage, vigour, or vivacity 无精打采的；萎靡不振的 □ spiritlessly  adv.  □ spiritlessness  n.  

spirit level n.  a device consisting of a sealed glass tube nearly filled with alcohol or other liquid, containing an air bubble whose position is used to test horizontality (气泡)水准仪

spirit of hartshorn  see 见 HARTSHORN 2 

spirit of wine n. (also 亦作 spirits of wine) archaic  purified alcohol [古义]纯酒精

spiritous /ˈspiritəs/ adj.  = SPIRITUOUS 

spirits of salt n. archaic  hydrochloric acid [古义]盐酸，氢氯酸

spiritual /ˈspiritʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerning the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的；与精神相关的 2  concerned with sacred or religious things; holy; divine; inspired 神的，神圣的；宗教的；超世俗的  the spiritual life  宗教生活 spiritual songs  圣歌 3 (of the mind etc.) refined, sensitive; not concerned with the material (思想等)崇高的，脱俗的 4 (of a relationship etc.) concerned with the soul or spirit etc., not with external reality (关系等)灵魂的，精神上的  his spiritual home  他的精神家园 ●n.  = NEGRO SPIRITUAL  □ spirituality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ spiritually  adv.  □ spiritualness  n.   [Middle English via Old French spirituel from Latin spiritualis (as SPIRIT)]

spiritual courts n. pl.  ecclesiastical courts 宗教法庭

spiritualism /ˈspiritʃʊəliz(ə)m, -tjʊəl-/ n.  1  a  the belief that the spirits of the dead can communicate with the living, esp. through mediums 招魂说(认为死者的亡魂可通过巫师与活人互通信息的学说)b  the practice of this 招魂术 2 Philos.  the doctrine that the spirit exists as distinct from matter, or that spirit is the only reality (cf. 参见 MATERIALISM 2) 【哲】唯心论(认为精神独立于物质而存在，或精神是惟一的实在的理论) □ spiritualist  n.  □ spiritualistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

spiritualize /ˈspiritʃʊəlaiz, -tjʊəl-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person or a person's character, thoughts, etc.) spiritual; elevate 使精神化；使(人、品德、思想等)崇高纯洁 2  attach a spiritual as opposed to a literal meaning to 赋予实质上的意义 □ spiritualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

spirituel /ˌspiritjʊˈel/ adj. (also 亦作 spirituelle) (of the mind) refined and yet spirited; witty 优雅的；风趣的 [French spirituel, fem. -elle (as SPIRITUAL)]

spirituous /ˈspiritjʊəs/ adj.  1  containing much alcohol 酒精成分高的 2  distilled, as whisky, rum, etc. 蒸馏的(如威士忌、朗姆酒等)  spirituous liquor  烈性酒 [Latin spiritus ‘spirit’, or French spiritueux]

spiro-1 /ˈspairəʊ/ comb. form  a coil [构词成分]卷，圈，圈形物 [Latin spira, Greek speira ‘a coil’]

spiro-2 /ˈspairəʊ/ comb. form  breath [构词成分]呼吸 [formed irregularly from Latin spirare ‘breathe’]

spirochaete /ˈspairə(ʊ)ki:t/ n. (US [美] spirochete)  any flexible spirally twisted bacterium of the order Spirochaetales, esp. one that causes syphilis (尤指导致梅毒的)螺旋体 [SPIRO-1 + Greek khaitē ‘long hair’]

spirograph /ˈspairəɡrɑ:f/ n.  an instrument for recording breathing movements 呼吸描记器(一种记录呼吸活动的仪器) □ spirographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ spirographically  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

spirogyra /spairəˈdʒairə/ n.  any filamentous freshwater alga of the genus Spirogyra, with cells containing spiral bands of chlorophyll 水绵(一种水绵属的淡水丝状绿色海藻，其细胞含有螺旋形的带状叶绿素)体 [modern Latin, from SPIRO-1 + Greek guros gura ‘round’]

spirometer /spaiˈrɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs 呼吸量测定计，肺活量计

spirt var.  of SPURT  SPURT 的变体

spit1 /spit/ v. & n. ●v. (spitting; past and past part. spat /spæt/ or spit)  1 intr.  a  eject saliva from the mouth 吐唾沫b  do this as a sign of hatred or contempt 向…吐唾沫(以示仇恨或蔑视)  spat at him  向他吐唾沫 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  a  eject (saliva, blood, food, etc.) from the mouth 吐出(唾沫、血、食物等)  spat the meat out  把肉吐出b  utter (oaths, threats, etc.) vehemently 厉声说出(诅咒、威胁等)  ‘Damn you!’ he spat  “该死的！”他骂道 3 intr. (of a fire, pen, pan, etc.) send out sparks, ink, hot fat, etc. (火)喷出火花；(钢笔)漏墨水；(锅)喷出热油 4 intr. (of rain) fall lightly 下小雨  it's only spitting  天空只是飘着小雨 5 intr. (esp. of a cat) make a spitting or hissing noise in anger or hostility (尤指猫生气或充满敌意地)嘶嘶地叫 ●n.  1  spittle 唾沫，口水 2  the act or an instance of spitting 啐，吐 3  the foamy liquid secretion of some insects used to protect their young (昆虫的)泡沫状分泌物  cuckoo spit  (沫蝉科昆虫所分泌的)泡沫 □ the spit (or very spit) of  colloq.  the exact double of (cf. 参见 SPITTING IMAGE) [口]和…一模一样，和…完全一样□ spit chips  Austral. slang  be angry or frustrated [澳] [俚语]生气；灰心丧气□ spit it out  colloq.  say what is on one's mind [口]毫无保留地讲，爽快地说□ spit up  US (esp. of a baby) vomit [美] (尤指婴儿)呕吐，呕出□ spitter  n.   [Old English spittan, of imitative origin]

spit2 /spit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slender rod on which meat is skewered before being roasted on a fire etc.; a skewer 烤肉叉，炙叉(一种细长的尖棒，将肉穿在其上烧烤) 2  a  a small point of land projecting into the sea 岬b  a long narrow underwater bank (深入水域中的)沙嘴；暗礁 ●v. tr. (spitted, spitting)  1  thrust a spit through (meat etc.) 用炙叉叉(肉等) 2  pierce or transfix with a sword etc. (用剑等)刺，戳，捅 □ spitty  adj.   [Old English spitu, from West Germanic]

spit3 /spit/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or spits)  a spade-depth of earth 一锹的深度  dig it two spit deep  挖两锹深 [Middle Dutch & Middle Low German, = Old English spittan ‘dig with spade’, probably related to SPIT2]

spit and polish n.  1  the cleaning and polishing duties of a soldier etc. (士兵等)擦洗打扫，整理内务 2  exaggerated neatness and smartness 过分讲究整洁和外表

spitball /ˈspitbɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a ball of chewed paper etc. used as a missile (用唾沫弄湿后用作抛投物的)湿纸团 2  a baseball moistened illegally by the pitcher to affect its flight 唾沫球(投球手用唾沫或汗水弄湿球，使球在空中作弧线运动，属犯规球) ●v. intr.  throw out suggestions for discussion 提出建议(以供讨论) □ spitballer  n.  

spitchcock /ˈspitʃkɒk/ n. & v. ●n.  an eel split and grilled or fried 剖开后烤(或炸)制的鳗 ●v. tr.  prepare (an eel, fish, bird, etc.) in this way 剖开后烤(或炸) (鳗、鱼、鸟等) [16th c.: origin unknown: cf. SPATCHCOCK]

spite /spait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  ill will or malice towards a person 恶意，怨恨  did it from spite  出于恶意做那件事 2  a grudge 嫉妒，忌恨 ●v. tr.  thwart, mortify, annoy 故意作对，刁难，泄愤  does it to spite me  做那件事是故意跟我作对 □ in spite of   notwithstanding 不管，不顾□ in spite of oneself   etc. though one would rather have done otherwise 不由自主地 [Middle English from Old French despit DESPITE]

spiteful /ˈspaitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  motivated by spite; malevolent 怀恨的；怀有恶意的 □ spitefully  adv.  □ spitefulness  n.  

spitfire /ˈspitfaiə/ n.  a person of fiery temper 脾气暴躁的人

spit-roast v. tr.  cook on a spit (在火上)叉烤

spitting cobra n.  the African black-necked cobra, Naja nigricollis, that ejects venom by spitting, not striking 喷毒眼镜蛇(产于非洲的一种黑脖子眼镜蛇，从口中喷射毒液，但不进行攻击)

spitting distance n.  a very short distance 很近的距离，可一口啐到的距离

spitting image n. (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  the exact double of (another person or thing) [口]一模一样的人(或物)

spittle /ˈspit(ə)l/ n.  saliva, esp. as ejected from the mouth 唾沫，口水 □ spittly  adj.   [alteration of Middle English (now dialect) spattle from Old English spɑˉtl, from spœˉtan ‘to spit’, influenced by SPIT1]

spittoon /spiˈtu:n/ n.  a metal or earthenware pot with esp. a funnel-shaped top, used for spitting into (尤指顶部呈漏斗形的)痰盂

spitz /spits/ n.  1  a small type of dog with a pointed muzzle, esp. a Pomeranian 斯皮茨狗(一种小体形的尖嘴狗) 2  this breed 斯皮茨狗品种 [German Spitz (hund), from spitz ‘pointed’ + Hund ‘dog’]

spiv /spiv/ n. Brit. colloq.  a man, often characterized by flashy dress, who makes a living by illicit or unscrupulous dealings [英口]不务正业靠诈骗过日子的人 □ spivvish  adj.  □ spivvy  adj.   [20th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps related to SPIFFY]

splake /spleik/ n.  a hybrid trout of N. American lakes (产于北美湖里的)杂交鳟鱼 [speckled (trout) + lake (trout)]

splanchnic /ˈsplæŋknik/ adj.  of or relating to the viscera; intestinal 内脏的 [modern Latin splanchnicus from Greek splagkhnikos, from splagkhna ‘entrails’]

splash /splæʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  spatter or cause (liquid) to spatter in small drops 溅，泼 2 tr.  cause (a person) to be spattered with liquid etc. 溅湿，溅污  splashed them with mud  溅了他们一身泥 3 intr.  a (of a person) cause liquid to spatter (人)溅泼  was splashing about in the bath  在浴盆里嬉水b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 across, along, etc.)  move while spattering liquid etc. 涉水行走，溅着水走  splashed across the carpet in his boots  穿着靴子溅泼着走过地毯c  step, fall, or plunge etc. into a liquid etc. so as to cause a splash 踏入(或落入、跳进液体等中)使液体四溅  splashed into the sea  水花四溅地跳进海水里 4 tr.  display (news) prominently 以显著位置刊登(新闻) 5 tr.  decorate with scattered colour 用分散的斑点装饰 6 tr.  spend (money) ostentatiously 大手大脚地花(钱) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of splashing 溅，泼 2  a  a quantity of liquid splashed 溅起的液体b  the resulting noise 溅泼声  heard a splash  听到溅泼声 3  a spot of dirt etc. splashed on to a thing 溅泼的污点(或污迹) 4  a prominent news feature etc. 引人注目的新闻报道 5  a daub or patch of colour, esp. on an animal's coat (尤指动物皮毛上的)色斑，斑点 6 colloq.  a small quantity of liquid, esp. of soda water etc. to dilute spirits [口] (稀释酒用的)少量液体(尤指苏打水等) □ make a splash   attract much attention, esp. by extravagance (尤指用夸张放纵的言行)引人注目□ splash down  (esp. of a spacecraft) land on water (尤指宇宙飞船)溅落□ splash out  Brit. colloq.  spend money freely [英口]随意花钱，大肆挥霍□ splashy  adj. (splashier, splashiest)   [alteration of PLASH1]

splashback /ˈsplæʃbæk/ n.  a panel behind a sink etc. to protect the wall from splashes (水槽后面保护墙壁的)防溅挡板

splashdown /ˈsplæʃdaʊn/ n.  the alighting of a spacecraft on the sea (航天器的)海面溅落

splat1 /splæt/ n.  a flat piece of thin wood in the centre of a chair back (椅背中部的)靠背板 [splat ‘split up’, related to SPLIT]

splat2 /splæt/ n., adv. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a sharp cracking or slapping sound 噼啪声，拍击声  hit the wall with a splat  啪的一声撞到墙上 ●adv.  with a splat 啪的一声  fell splat on his head  啪的一声落到他头上 ●v. intr. & tr. (splatted, splatting)  fall or hit with a splat 啪的一声落下(或击中) [abbreviation of SPLATTER]

splatter /ˈsplætə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  make wet or dirty by splashing 溅湿，溅污 2 v. tr. & intr.  splash, esp. with a continuous noisy action 泼，溅(尤指伴有持续不断的嘈杂声) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  publicize or spread (news etc.) 宣传，传播(消息等)  the story was splattered over the front page  这则消息刊登在头版 ●n.  1  a noisy splashing sound 泼溅声 2  a rough patch of colour etc., esp. splashed on a surface (尤指泼在表面的)一片颜色(等) [imitative]

splay /splei/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  spread (the elbows, feet, etc.) out 展开，张开(肘、脚等) 2 intr. (of an aperture or its sides) diverge in shape or position (孔或孔边)成八字形 3 tr.  construct (a window, doorway, aperture, etc.) so that it diverges or is wider at one side of the wall than the other (使窗、门道、孔等)向一侧张开 ●n.  a surface making an oblique angle with another, e.g. the splayed side of a window or embrasure 斜削面，倾斜面，八字面 ●adj.  1  wide and flat 扁宽的 2  turned outward 向外张开的 [Middle English, from DISPLAY]

splay-foot n.  a broad flat foot turned outward 外八字脚，外翻足 □ splay-footed  adj.  

spleen /spli:n/ n.  1  an abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system 脾(脏) (大部分脊椎动物的腹部器官，具有产生和分解血细胞的功能，属于免疫系统的一部分) 2  lowness of spirits; moroseness, ill temper, spite (from the earlier belief that the spleen was the seat of such feelings) 忧郁；愁闷；坏脾气；恶意(过去认为脾是这些情感之源)  a fit of spleen  一股怒气 vented their spleen  他们发脾气 □ spleenful  adj.  □ spleeny  adj.   [Middle English via Old French esplen and Latin splen from Greek splēn]

spleenwort /ˈspli:nwɜ:t/ n.  any fern of the genus Asplenium, formerly used as a remedy for disorders of the spleen 铁角蕨(从前用于医治脾病的药)

splen- /spli:n/ comb. form Anat.  the spleen [构词成分]【解】脾 [Greek (as SPLEEN)]

splendent /ˈsplend(ə)nt/ adj. formal [正式]  1  shining; lustrous 光亮的；有光泽的 2  illustrious 杰出的，著名的 [Middle English from Latin splendēre ‘to shine’]

splendid /ˈsplendid/ adj.  1  magnificent, gorgeous, brilliant, sumptuous 华丽的，壮丽的，壮观的，辉煌的  a splendid palace  华丽的宫殿 a splendid achievement  辉煌的成就 2  dignified; impressive 威严的，高贵的；印象深刻的  splendid isolation  庄严的孤立 3  excellent; fine 杰出的；极好的  a splendid chance  极好的机会 □ splendidly  adv.  □ splendidness  n.   [French splendide or Latin splendidus (as SPLENDENT)]

splendiferous /splenˈdif(ə)rəs/ adj. colloq. or joc.  splendid [口] [诙]壮丽的；极好的 □ splendiferously  adv.  □ splendiferousness  n.   [formed irregularly from SPLENDOUR]

splendour /ˈsplendə/ n. (US [美] splendor)  1  great or dazzling brightness 光辉，光彩 2  magnificence; grandeur 壮丽；壮观 [Middle English from Anglo-French splendeur or Latin splendor (as SPLENDENT)]

splenectomy /spliˈnektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the spleen 脾切除术

splenetic /spliˈnetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  ill-tempered; peevish 脾气坏的；易怒的 2  of or concerning the spleen 脾脏的；有关脾脏的 ●n.  a splenetic person 脾气坏的人；易怒的人 □ splenetically  adv.   [Late Latin spleneticus (as SPLEEN)]

splenic /ˈsplenik, ˈspli:nik/ adj.  of or in the spleen 脾脏的；脾脏中的 □ splenoid  /ˈspli:nɔid/ adj.   [French splénique or Latin splenicus from Greek splēnikos (as SPLEEN)]

splenic fever n.  anthrax 脾热，恶性炭疽

splenitis /spliˈnaitis/ n.  inflammation of the spleen 脾炎

splenius /ˈspli:niəs/ n. (pl. splenii /-niai/) Anat.  either section of muscle on each side of the neck and back serving to draw back the head 【解】(颈部的)夹肌 □ splenial  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek splēnion ‘bandage’]

splenology /spli:ˈnɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the spleen 脾脏学

splenomegaly /spli:nə(ʊ)ˈmeɡ(ə)li/ n.  a pathological enlargement of the spleen 脾(肿)大 [SPLEN- + megaly (as MEGALO-)]

splenotomy /spli:ˈnɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a surgical incision into or dissection of the spleen 脾切开术

splice /splais/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  join the ends of (ropes) by interweaving strands 编接，接合(绳子) 2  join (pieces of timber, magnetic tape, film, etc.) in an overlapping position 拼接，叠接(木材、磁带、影片等) 3 (esp. as 尤作 spliced adj.) colloq.  join in marriage [口]结婚 ●n.  a joint consisting of two ropes, pieces of wood, film, etc., made by splicing, e.g. the handle and blade of a cricket bat (绳子、木板、影片等的)编接，拼接 □ splice the main brace  Naut. hist.  issue an extra tot of rum 【海】[史义]喝酒□ splicer  n.   [probably from Middle Dutch splissen, of uncertain origin]

spliff /splif/ n. (also 亦作 splif) slang  a cannabis cigarette [俚语]大麻烟卷 [20th c.: origin unknown]

spline /splain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rectangular key fitting into grooves in the hub and shaft of a wheel and allowing longitudinal play 花键，方栓，键槽 2  a slat 板条，狭板 3  a flexible wood or rubber strip used esp. in drawing large curves (尤指画长曲线时用的)活动曲线规 ●v. tr.  fit with a spline (see sense 1 of n. 见名词释义 1) 用花键联接 [originally E. Anglian dialect, perhaps related to SPLINTER]

splint /splint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a strip of rigid material used for holding a broken bone etc. when set (用于固定断骨等的)夹板b  a rigid or flexible strip of esp. wood used in basketwork etc. (编篮子用的)薄木条，藤条 2  a tumour or bony excrescence on the inside of a horse's leg (马腿上的)掌骨疣 3  a thin strip of wood etc. used to light a fire, pipe, etc. (用以点火、烟斗等的)细木梗 4  = SPLINT-BONE1  ●v. tr.  secure (a broken limb etc.) with a splint or splints 用夹板固定(断肢等) [Middle English splent(e) from Middle Dutch splinte or Middle Low German splinte, splente ‘metal plate or pin’, related to SPLINTER]

splint-bone n.  1  either of two small bones in a horse's foreleg lying behind and close to the cannon-bone (马的)赘骨，小掌骨 2  the human fibula (人的)腓骨

splint-coal n.  hard bituminous laminated coal burning with great heat 硬烟煤(燃烧时释放大量热)

splinter /ˈsplintə/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  break into fragments 裂成碎片，分裂 ●n.  a small thin sharp-edged piece broken off from wood, stone, etc. (木头、石头等的)碎片，裂片 □ splintery  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch (= Low German) splinter, splenter, related to SPLINT]

splinter-bar n. Brit.  a crossbar in a horse-drawn vehicle to which traces are attached; a swingletree [英]马车的横木

splinter group n. (also 亦作 splinter party)  a group or party that has broken away from a larger one 从大集团里分出来的小集团(或小派别)

splinter-proof adj.  capable of withstanding splinters e.g. from bursting shells or bombs 防碎片的(如防弹片的)

split /split/ v. & n. ●v. (splitting; past and past part. split)  1  a intr. & tr.  break or cause to break forcibly into parts, esp. into halves or along the grain 裂开，劈开(尤指裂为两半)b intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  divide into parts 分裂，分离  split into groups  分成几组 split up the site into sections  把场地分成几部分c tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) slang  divide (money) between usu. accomplices [俚语] (通常指帮凶之间)分(赃)  split the money between them  在他们之间分赃 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away)  remove or be removed by breaking, separating, or dividing 分开，劈开，裂开  split the top off the bottle  把瓶子顶部打掉 split away from the main group  从大组中分裂出来 3 intr. & tr.  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up) colloq.  separate, esp. through discord [口] (尤指因不和而)分手，分离  split up after ten years  10 年后分手了b (foll. by 后跟 with) colloq.  quarrel or cease association with (another person etc.) [口] (和另一人等)闹翻，绝交c (often as 常作 split adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, over)  separate or divide as a result of opposing views (由于观点不同而)分裂，有分歧  the government is split over Europe  政府内部在欧洲问题上意见不一致 4 tr.  cause the fission of (an atom) 使(原子)裂变 5 intr. & tr. slang  leave, esp. suddenly [俚语] (尤指突然)离开 6 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) Brit. slang  betray secrets; inform [英] [俚语]告密；告发  split on them to the police  向警方告发了他们 7 intr.  a (as 作 splitting adj.) (esp. of a headache) very painful; acute (尤指头痛)非常痛的；剧烈的b (of the head) suffer great pain from a headache, noise, etc. (由于头疼、噪音等)头痛欲裂的 8 intr. (of a ship) be wrecked (船)被毁坏 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of splitting; the state of being split 裂开；分裂 2  a fissure, vent, crack, cleft, etc. 裂缝，裂口 3  a separation into parties; a schism 分裂；不和 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the athletic feat of leaping in the air or sitting down with the legs at right angles to the body in front and behind, or at the sides with the trunk facing forwards 劈叉(两腿前后成一直线跳跃或坐下的运动技能) 5  a split osier etc. used for parts of basketwork (用于编筐的)剖开的柳条，藤条 6  each strip of steel, cane, etc., of the reed in a loom (织布机的)钢筘，钢杼 7  a single thickness of split hide (横剖的)一层兽皮，单层皮 8  the turning up of two cards of equal value in faro, so that the stakes are divided (在菲罗牌戏中)因两张牌一样而导致平分赌金 9  a  half a bottle of mineral water 小瓶矿泉水，半杯矿泉水b  half a glass of liquor 半杯酒 10 slang  a division of money, esp. the proceeds of crime [俚语]一份钱(尤指犯罪赃款的一份) □ split the difference   take the average of two proposed amounts 折衷，妥协□ split hairs   make small and insignificant distinctions 作不必要的过细区分□ split one's sides   be convulsed with laughter 捧腹大笑□ split the ticket (or one's vote)  US  vote for candidates of more than one party [美]同时投几个党派候选人的票□ split the vote  Brit. (of a candidate or minority party) attract votes from another so that both are defeated by a third [英] (候选人或少数党)分散选票(指由于获得了另一党派的部分选票而导致第三方获胜)□ splitter  n.   [originally Nautical, from Middle Dutch splitten, related to spletten, splīten, Middle High German splīzen]

split end n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a hair which has split at the end from dryness etc. (由于干枯等而)分叉的头发 2 Amer. Football  a player at the end of and some distance from a line of players in formation 【美式橄榄球】边锋球员

split gear n.  a gear made in halves for removal from a shaft (可从轴上拆缷的)拼合齿轮

split infinitive n.  a phrase consisting of an infinitive with an adverb etc. inserted between to and the verb, e.g. seems to really like it 分裂不定式(在 to 和动词之间有副词插入等的结构，如 seems to really like it)■Usage 用法说明 It is often said that an infinitive should never be split. However, this is an artificial rule and can produce clumsy or ambiguous sentences. In many cases a split infinitive sounds more natural than its avoidance, e.g. What is it like to actually live in France? On other occasions, it is better to place the adverb before or after the infinitive, e.g. He wanted to completely give up his business reads better as He wanted to give up his business completely. 通常认为不定式不应分裂。然而，这是一条人为的规定，会导致句子累赘或句意含混不明。在许多情况下，用分裂不定式比不用听上去更自然，如 What is it like to actually live in France? (真正居住在法国是什么样？)在另一些场合，最好把副词放在不定式之前或之后，如 He wanted to completely give up his business (他想彻底放弃他的业务)就比 He wanted to give up his business completely 读起来要好一些。 

split-level adj. (of a building) having a room or rooms a fraction of a storey higher than other parts (建筑物)错层式的

split pea n.  a pea dried and split in half for cooking 干裂成两半的豌豆(用于烹饪)

split personality n.  the alteration or dissociation of personality occurring in some mental illnesses, esp. schizophrenia and hysteria 分裂人格(某些精神疾病尤指精神分裂症和歇斯底里症中出现的性格分裂)

split pin n.  a metal cotter pin passed through a hole and held in place by its gaping split end 开口销

split pulley n.  a pulley made in halves for removal from a shaft 拼合皮带轮

split ring n.  a small steel ring with two spiral turns, such as a keyring 开口环(如钥匙圈)

split-screen n.  a screen on which two or more separate images are displayed 分画面(指在屏幕不同部位上同时放映两个或两个以上的画面)

split second n. & adj. ●n.  a very brief moment of time 瞬间，霎那间 ●attrib. adj. (split-second)  1  very rapid 瞬间的 2 (of timing) very precise (定时)极精确的

split shift n.  a shift comprising two or more separate periods of duty 交替轮班

split shot n. (also 亦作 split stroke) Croquet  a stroke driving two touching balls in different directions 【槌球】将紧贴的两球撞向不同方向的一击

split wheel n.  a wheel made in halves for removal from a shaft 拼合皮带轮

splodge /splɒdʒ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a daub, blot, or smear 污点，污迹，污渍 ●v. tr.  make a large, esp. irregular, spot or patch on 涂抹，涂污，弄脏 □ splodgy  adj.   [imitative, or alteration of SPLOTCH]

splosh /splɒʃ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. & intr.  move with a splashing sound 溅泼着前行 ●n.  1  a splashing sound 溅泼声 2  a splash of water etc. 突然泼下的水(等) 3 slang  money [俚语]金钱 [imitative]

splotch /splɒtʃ/ n. & v. tr.  = SPLODGE  □ splotchy  adj.   [perhaps from SPOT + obsolete plotch BLOTCH]

splurge /splɜ:dʒ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  an ostentatious display or effort 夸耀，夸示 2  an instance of sudden great extravagance 挥霍 ●v. intr. & tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  spend (effort or esp. large sums of money) 花费(努力或尤指大量的金钱)  splurged the lot on a holiday  度假时花了一大笔钱 2  splash heavily 挥霍 [19th-c. US: probably imitative]

splutter /ˈsplʌtə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  speak in a hurried, vehement, or choking manner 急促杂乱地说，结结巴巴地说b  emit particles from the mouth, sparks, hot oil, etc., with spitting sounds 喷溅唾沫(或火花、热油等) 2 tr.  a  speak or utter (words, threats, a language, etc.) rapidly or incoherently 语无伦次地说话(威胁等)b  emit (food, sparks, hot oil, etc.) with a spitting sound 喷溅(食物、火花、热油等) ●n.  spluttering speech or sound 急促结巴地说出的话；劈啪声 □ splutterer  n.  □ splutteringly  adv.   [SPUTTER by association with splash]

Spode /spəʊd/ n. propr.  a type of fine pottery or porcelain [商标]斯波德陶瓷 [named after J. Spode, English maker of china d. 1827]

spoil /spɔil/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. spoilt (esp. Brit. [尤英]) or spoiled)  1 tr.  a  damage; diminish the value of 损坏，损害；糟蹋  was spoilt by the rain  被雨给破坏了 will spoil all the fun  将会破坏全部乐趣b  reduce a person's enjoyment etc. of 破坏…的兴致(等)  the news spoiled his dinner  这条消息使他没有心情吃晚餐 2 tr.  injure the character of (esp. a child, pet, etc.) by excessive indulgence 宠坏，惯坏(尤指孩子、宠物等) 3 intr.  a (of food) go bad, decay; become unfit for eating (食物)变坏，变质，腐败b (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句) (of a joke, secret, etc.) become stale through long keeping (玩笑、秘密等)没有新意，老掉牙 4 tr.  render (a ballot paper) invalid by improper marking 填错(选票)使作废 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 of) archaic or literary  plunder or deprive (a person of a thing) by force or stealth [古义] [文学用语]掠夺，剥夺  spoiled him of all his possessions  掠夺了他的全部财产 ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  plunder taken from an enemy in war, or seized by force 战利品，掠夺物b esp. joc.  profit or advantages gained by succeeding to public office, high position, etc. [尤诙] (竞选胜利、取得高位等后)获得的好处(优势) 2  earth etc. thrown up in excavating, dredging, etc. (挖掘、疏浚时挖出的)弃土，废石 □ be spoiling for   aggressively seek (a fight etc.) 极想，渴望□ spoilt for choice  Brit.  having so many choices that it is difficult to choose [英]选择太多而难以决定 [Middle English via Old French espoillier, espoille from Latin spoliare, from spolium ‘spoil, plunder’, or from DESPOIL]

spoilage /ˈspɔilidʒ/ n.  1  paper spoilt in printing 印坏的纸张 2  the spoiling of food etc. by decay (食物等)变质，腐败

spoiler /ˈspɔilə/ n.  1  a person or thing that spoils something 损坏(事情)的人(或物) 2  a  a device on an aircraft to retard its speed by interrupting the airflow (航空器上的)扰流器b  a similar device on a vehicle to improve its road-holding at speed (汽车的)气流偏导器 3  an electronic device for preventing unauthorized copying of sound recordings by means of a disruptive signal inaudible on the original (用于防止盗用录音而发出干扰信号的)偏导器，扰流 4  a news item or new product used to divert attention from another (用于转移注意力的)新闻报道，新产品

spoilsman /ˈspɔilzmən/ n. (pl. -men) US esp. Polit. [美] (尤)【政】  1  an advocate of the spoils system 赞成政党分肥制的人 2  a person who seeks to profit by it 试图在政党分肥制下获得好处的人

spoilsport /ˈspɔilspɔ:t/ n.  a person who spoils others' pleasure or enjoyment 扫兴者，败兴者

spoils system n. US  the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters [美]政党分肥制(将公职委派给获胜党支持者的制度)

spoilt past and past part.  of SPOIL 

spoke1 /spəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the bars running from the hub to the rim of a wheel 轮辐，辐条 2  a rung of a ladder 梯级 3  each radial handle of the wheel of a ship etc. (舵轮等的)把柄 ●v. tr.  1  provide with spokes 装辐条于 2  obstruct (a wheel etc.) by thrusting a spoke in 用车轮制动棒刹住(车轮等) □ put a spoke in a person's wheel  Brit.  thwart or hinder a person [英]阻挠某人的行动，破坏某人的计划□ spoked  adj.  □ spokewise  adv.   [Old English spɑˉca, from West Germanic]

spoke2 past  of SPEAK  

spoken /ˈspəʊk(ə)n/ past part.  of SPEAK ; adj. (in comb. 用于复合词) speaking in a specified way 以某种方式说话的  smooth-spoken  花言巧语的 well-spoken  说话得体的 □ spoken for   claimed, requisitioned 已认领的，已声称的  this seat is spoken for  这个座位已有人了

spokeshave /ˈspəʊkʃeiv/ n.  a blade set transversely between two handles, used for shaping spokes and other esp. curved work where an ordinary plane is not suitable (制造车辐等用的)辐刀，辐刨

spokesman /ˈspəʊksmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. spokeswoman, pl. -women)  1  a person who speaks on behalf of others, esp. in the course of public relations 代言人 2  a person deputed to express the views of a group etc. 发言人 [formed irregularly from SPOKE2, on the pattern of craftsman etc.]

spokesperson /ˈspəʊkspɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. -persons or -people)  a spokesman or spokeswoman 发言人，代言人

spoliation /spəʊliˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  plunder or pillage, esp. of neutral vessels in war (尤指对中立国船只的)抢劫，掠夺b  extortion 敲诈，勒索 2 Eccl.  the taking of the fruits of a benefice under a pretended title etc. 【教会】(俸禄的)冒领 3 Law  the destruction, mutilation, or alteration, of a document to prevent its being used as evidence 【法律】毁灭证据，篡改文件(以防止其被用作法律证据) □ spoliator  /ˈspəʊ-/ n.  □ spoliatory  /ˈspəʊliət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin spoliatio (as SPOIL)]

spondaic /spɒnˈdeiik/ adj. Prosody 【诗体】  1  of or concerning spondees 扬扬格的 2 (of a hexameter) having a spondee as a fifth foot (六韵步诗行)第五音步为扬扬格的 [French spondaïque or Late Latin spondaicus = Late Latin spondiacus from Greek spondeiakos (as SPONDEE)]

spondee /ˈspɒndi:/ n. Prosody  a foot consisting of two long (or stressed) syllables 【诗体】扬扬格(有两个长或重音节的音步) [Middle English via Old French spondee or Latin spondeus from Greek spondeios (pous ‘foot’), from spondē ‘libation’, as being characteristic of music accompanying libations]

spondulicks /spɒnˈdju:liks/ n. pl. slang  money [俚语]金钱 [19th c.: origin unknown]

spondylitis /spɒndiˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the vertebrae 脊椎炎 [Latin spondylus ‘vertebra’ (from Greek spondulos) + -ITIS]

sponge /spʌn(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any sessile aquatic animal of the phylum Porifera, with a porous bag-like body structure and a rigid or elastic internal skeleton 海绵(一种水生海绵纲动物，身体结构多孔呈袋状，骨骼坚硬或有弹性) 2  a  the skeleton of a sponge, esp. the soft light elastic absorbent kind used in bathing, cleansing surfaces, etc. (用于洗浴、清洗表面等的)海绵状物b  a piece of porous rubber or plastic etc. used similarly (橡胶或塑料等制的)人造海绵c  a piece of sponge or similar material (esp. one impregnated with spermicide) inserted in the vagina as a contraceptive (尤指置于阴道内含有杀精剂的)避孕海绵 3  a thing of spongelike absorbency or consistency, e.g. a sponge pudding, cake, porous metal, etc. 吸收性(或稠度)似海绵的东西(如海绵布丁、松糕、多孔金属等)  lemon sponge  柠檬冻 4  = SPONGER  5 colloq.  a person who drinks heavily [口]大量饮酒的人 6  cleansing with or as with a sponge 用海绵擦净  had a quick sponge this morning  今晨用海绵很快地擦洗了身体 ●v. (sponging or spongeing)  1 tr.  wipe or cleanse with a sponge 用海绵擦(或揩) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]； often foll. by 常后跟 down, over)  sluice water over (the body, a car, etc.) 放水冲洗(身体、汽车等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out, away, etc.)  wipe off or efface (writing, a memory, etc.) with or as with a sponge 用海绵擦去字迹；抹去记忆 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  absorb with or as with a sponge 用海绵吸收，像海绵般吸收 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, off)  live as a parasite; be meanly dependent upon (another person) 过寄生虫般的生活；卑贱地依赖(他人) 6 tr.  obtain (drink etc.) by sponging 厚着脸皮讨取(饮料等) 7 intr.  gather sponges 采集海绵 8 tr.  apply paint with a sponge to (walls, furniture, etc.) 用海绵涂油漆于(墙壁、家具等) □ spongeable  adj.  □ spongelike  adj.  □ spongiform  adj. (esp. in senses 1 、 2a of n. 尤用于名词释义 1 、 2a)   [Old English via Latin spongia from Greek spoggia, spoggos]

sponge bag n. Brit.  a waterproof bag for toilet articles [英]盥洗用品防水袋

sponge bath n. US [美]  = BLANKET BATH 

sponge cake n.  a very light cake with a spongelike consistency 海绵状蛋糕，松糕

sponge cloth n.  1  soft, lightly-woven cloth with a slightly wrinkled surface 松软棉布 2  a thin spongy material used for cleaning (用作抹布的)棉纱经，废纺纬

sponge pudding n. Brit.  a steamed or baked pudding of fat, flour, and eggs with a usu. specified flavour [英]海绵布丁(将脂肪、面粉和鸡蛋混合蒸制或烤制而成的风味布丁)

sponger /ˈspʌn(d)ʒə/ n.  a person who contrives to live at another's expense 依赖他人生活的人，寄生虫

sponge rubber n.  liquid rubber latex processed into a spongelike substance 橡胶海绵，海绵橡胶

sponge tree n.  a spiny tropical acacia, Acacia farnesiana, with globose heads of fragrant yellow flowers yielding a perfume also called 亦称作 OPOPANAX 金合欢(一种多刺的热带金合欢属树，开头部呈球状的黄色香花，该花可制作香水)

spongy /ˈspʌn(d)ʒi/ adj. (spongier, spongiest)  1  like a sponge, esp. in being porous, compressible, elastic, or absorbent 似海绵的；(尤指)多孔的，有弹性的，吸收性好的 2 (of metal) finely divided and loosely coherent (金属)软质的，不结实的 □ spongily  adv.  □ sponginess  n.  

sponsion /ˈspɒnʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  being a surety for another (为他人所做的)担保 2  a pledge or promise made on behalf of the State by an agent not authorized to do so 未经授权擅自代表国家做出的保证(或承诺) [Latin sponsio from spondēre spons- ‘promise solemnly’]

sponson /ˈspɒns(ə)n/ n.  1  a projection from the side of a warship or tank to enable a gun to be trained forward and aft (军舰或坦克一侧突出的)舷台 2  a short subsidiary wing to stabilize a seaplane (水上飞机的)翼梢浮筒 3  a triangular platform supporting the wheel on a paddle steamer (支撑明轮船上舵轮的)三角平台 [19th c.: origin unknown]

sponsor /ˈspɒnsə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who supports an activity done for charity by pledging money in advance (出于慈善目的而支持某项活动等的)赞助人 2  a  a person or organization that promotes or supports an artistic or sporting activity etc. (艺术或体育活动等的)赞助人，赞助组织b esp. US  a business organization that promotes a broadcast programme in return for advertising time [尤美] (为赢得广告时间而赞助某个电视或电台节目的)赞助者，赞助商 3  an organization lending support to an election candidate (选举中候选人的)后援组织 4  a person who introduces a proposal for legislation (法案的)倡议者，提案人 5  a  a godparent at baptism 教父，教母b esp. RC Ch.  a person who presents a candidate for confirmation (尤)【天主教】坚信礼候选人的推荐人 6  a person who makes himself or herself responsible for another 保证人 ●v. tr.  be a sponsor for 发起，举办，主办；赞助；为…作保证人 □ sponsorial  /spɒnˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ sponsorship  n.   [Latin (as SPONSION)]

spontaneous /spɒnˈteiniəs/ adj.  1  acting or done or occurring without external cause 自发的，自然产生的 2  voluntary, without external incitement 自动的，自愿的  made a spontaneous offer of his services  他主动提出服务 3 Biol. (of structural changes in plants and muscular activity esp. in young animals) instinctive, automatic, prompted by no motive 【生】(植物的结构改变以及尤指年幼动物的肌肉活动)本能的，自动的 4 (of bodily movement, literary style, etc.) gracefully natural and unconstrained (身体活动、文体等)优美自然的 5 (of sudden movement etc.) involuntary, not due to conscious volition (突然的动作等)不由自主的 6  growing naturally without cultivation 自然生长的，非人工栽培的 □ spontaneity  /spɒntəˈni:iti, -ˈneiiti/ n.  □ spontaneously  adv.  □ spontaneousness  n.   [Late Latin spontaneus from sponte ‘of one's own accord’]

spontaneous combustion n.  the ignition of a mineral or vegetable substance (e.g. a heap of rags soaked with oil, a mass of wet coal) from heat engendered within itself, usu. by rapid oxidation 自燃(通常由于快速氧化而造成的矿物或植物的自行燃烧，如浸过油的碎屑、湿煤等)

spontaneous generation n. hist.  the supposed production of living from non-living matter as inferred from the appearance of life (due in fact to bacteria etc.) in some infusions; abiogenesis [史义]自然发生说(认为生物起源于无生命物的观念)

spontaneous suggestion n.  suggestion from association of ideas without conscious volition 自发暗示

spoof /spu:f/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a parody 讽刺诗文 2  a hoax or swindle 哄骗，戏弄 ●v. tr.  1  parody 讽刺，通过拙劣的模仿来嘲弄 2  hoax, swindle 哄骗，戏弄 □ spoofer  n.  □ spoofery  n.   [coined by A. Roberts, English comedian d. 1933]

spook /spu:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1 colloq.  a ghost [口]鬼，幽灵 2 US slang  a spy [美] [俚语]间谍，密探 ●v. N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  1 tr.  frighten, unnerve, alarm 使害怕，惊吓，恐吓 2 intr.  take fright, become alarmed 惊骇，受惊 [Dutch, = Middle Low German spōk, of unknown origin]

spooky /ˈspu:ki/ adj. (spookier, spookiest)  1 colloq.  ghostly, eerie [口]鬼的，似鬼的，可怕的 2 N. Amer. slang  nervous; easily frightened [北美] [俚语]神经质的，易受惊的 3 US slang  of spies or espionage [美] [俚语]从事密探(或间谍)活动的 □ spookily  adv.  □ spookiness  n.  

spool /spu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a reel for winding magnetic tape, photographic film, etc., on (磁带、胶片等的)卷盘，卷轴b  a reel for winding yarn, thread, or wire on 线轴，绕线管c  a quantity of tape, yarn, etc., wound on a spool (绕在线轴上的)磁带(或线等的数量) 2  the revolving cylinder of an angler's reel 绕线轮 ●v. tr.  wind on a spool 缠绕在卷轴上 [Middle English from Old French espole or from Middle Low German spōle, Middle Dutch spoele, Old High German spuolo, of unknown origin]

spoon /spu:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a utensil consisting of an oval or round bowl and a handle for conveying food (esp. liquid) to the mouth, for stirring, etc. 匙，调羹b  a spoonful, esp. of sugar (尤指糖)一匙的量c (in pl. 用复数) Mus.  a pair of spoons held in the hand and beaten together rhythmically 【音】碰匙(一种打击乐器) 2  a spoon-shaped thing , esp. (尤指): 匙形物a (in full 全称 spoon-bait)  a bright revolving piece of metal used as a lure in fishing (钓鱼用的)匙状假饵b  an oar with a broad curved blade 匙形桨 3 colloq. [口]  a  a silly or demonstratively fond lover 痴恋者b  a simpleton 傻瓜，笨蛋 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, out)  take (liquid etc.) with a spoon 用匙舀取(液体等) 2 tr.  hit (a ball) feebly upwards 轻轻地向上击(球) 3 colloq. [口]  a intr.  behave in an amorous way, esp. foolishly 和…调情b tr. archaic  woo in a silly or sentimental way [古义]痴傻地求爱 4 intr.  fish with a spoon-bait 用匙状假饵钓鱼 □ born with a silver spoon in one's mouth   born in affluence 生在富裕人家□ spooner  n.  □ spoonful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English spōn ‘chip of wood’, from Germanic]

spoonbill /ˈspu:nbil/ n.  1  any large mainly white wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae, related to ibises, having a bill with a very broad flat tip 琵鹭(与朱鹭相似的一种大型白色涉水鸟，长有十分宽扁的喙) 2  a shoveler duck 琵嘴鸭

spoon-bread n. US  soft maize bread [美]烤蛋奶粟米软糕

spoonerism /ˈspu:nəriz(ə)m/ n.  a transposition, usu. accidental, of the initial letters etc. of two or more words, e.g. you have hissed the mystery lectures 斯本内现象，首字母互换法(通常为偶然地将两个或两个以上的单词的首字母等互移，如 you have hissed the mystery lecturers 原为 you have missed the history lectures 你错过历史课了) [Revd W. A. Spooner, English scholar d. 1930, reputed to make such errors in speaking]

spoon-feed v. tr. (past and past part. -fed)  1  feed (a baby etc.) with a spoon 用匙喂(婴儿等) 2  provide help, information, etc., to (a person etc.) without requiring any effort on the recipient's part (对人等)进行填鸭式灌输

spoony /ˈspu:ni/ adj. & n. colloq. archaic [口] [古义] ●adj. (spoonier, spooniest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  sentimental, amorous 痴情的，多情的 2  foolish, silly 傻的，愚蠢的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a simpleton 傻瓜，呆子 □ spoonily  adv.  □ spooniness  n.  

spoor /spʊə, spɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  the track or scent of an animal (动物的)足迹，臭迹 ●v. tr. & intr.  follow by the spoor 循着足迹追踪 □ spoorer  n.   [Afrikaans from Middle Dutch spo(o)r, from Germanic]

sporadic /spəˈrædik/ adj.  occurring only here and there or occasionally; separate; scattered 不定时发生的，断断续续的，零散的 □ sporadically  adv.   [medieval Latin sporadicus from Greek sporadikos, from sporas -ados ‘scattered’: related to speirō ‘to sow’]

sporangium /spəˈræn(d)ʒiəm/ n. (pl. sporangia /-dʒiə/) Bot.  a receptacle in which spores are formed 【植】孢子囊 □ sporangial  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek spora SPORE + aggeion ‘vessel’]

spore /spɔ:/ n.  1  a specialized reproductive cell of many plants and micro-organisms 孢子(许多植物和微生物特有的繁殖细胞) 2  these collectively (总称)孢子 [modern Latin spora from Greek spora ‘sowing, seed’, from speirō ‘sow’]

sporo- /ˈspɒrəʊ, ˈspɔ:rəʊ/ comb. form Biol.  a spore [构词成分]【生】孢子 [Greek spora (as SPORE)]

sporocyst /ˈspɒrəsist, ˈspɔ:rə-/ n.  an intermediate stage in the life cycle of various parasites 胞蚴，孢子囊

sporogenesis /spɒrə(ʊ)ˈdʒenisis, spɔ:rə-/ n.  the process of spore formation 孢子发生，孢子形成

sporogenous /spəˈrɒdʒinəs/ adj.  producing spores 产生孢子的

sporogony /spəˈrɒɡəni/ n.  the process of spore formation, esp. in some protozoans (e.g. the malaria parasite) (尤指某些原生动物的)孢子生殖(如疟原虫)

sporophore /ˈspɒrəfɔ:, ˈspɔ:r-/ n.  a spore-bearing structure esp. in a fungus (尤指菌类的)孢子体

sporophyte /ˈspɒrəfait, ˈspɔ:-/ n.  the asexual form of a plant that has alternation of generations between this and the gamete-producing form (gametophyte) 孢子体 □ sporophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.  □ sporophytically  /-ˈfitik(ə)li/ adv.  

sporozoite /spɔ:rə(ʊ)ˈzəʊait, spɒ-/ n. Biol. & Med.  a small motile stage in the life cycle of some protozoans (e.g. the malaria parasite), usually produced inside a host 【生】【医】孢子体，子孢子 [SPORO- + Greek zoion ‘animal’ + -ITE1]

sporran /ˈspɒr(ə)n/ n.  a pouch, usu. of leather or sealskin covered with fur etc., worn by a Highlander in front of the kilt (苏格兰高地男子系在褶裥裙前的)毛皮袋 [Gaelic sporan from medieval Latin bursa PURSE]

sport /spɔ:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a game or competitive activity, esp. an outdoor one involving physical exertion, e.g. cricket, football, racing, hunting (尤指户外的)运动(如板球、足球、赛马、狩猎)b  such activities collectively (总称)运动  the world of sport  体育世界 2 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  a  a meeting for competing in sports, esp. athletics (尤指竞技)运动会  school sports  校运动会b  athletics 体育运动，竞技运动 3  amusement, diversion, fun 娱乐，消遣 4 colloq. [口]  a  a fair or generous person 公正的人，慷慨的人b  a person behaving in a specified way, esp. regarding games, rules, etc. (尤指在比赛或执行规则时)具有体育道德品质的人  a bad sport at tennis  在网球运动中不讲体育道德的球员c Austral. & US  a form of address, esp. between males [澳美] (尤指男性间用作称呼的)老兄，朋友d US  a playboy [美]花花公子 5 Biol.  an animal or plant showing abnormal or striking variation from the parent type 【生】突变体，变种 6  a plaything or butt 玩物，嘲笑对象  was the sport of Fortune  受命运之神的摆弄 ●v.  1 intr.  divert oneself, take part in a pastime 消遣，娱乐 2 tr.  wear, exhibit, or produce, esp. ostentatiously (尤指炫耀性地)穿戴(或展示)  sported a gold tiepin  惹人注目地戴上了金质领带别针 3 intr. Biol.  become or produce a sport 【生】产生变种，发生芽变 □ have good sport  Brit.  be successful in shooting, fishing, etc. [英] (打猎、捕鱼等)满载而归□ in sport   jestingly 闹着玩地□ make sport of   make fun of, ridicule 取笑，嘲笑□ sporter  n.   [Middle English, from DISPORT]

sporting /ˈspɔ:tiŋ/ adj.  1  interested in sport 爱好体育运动的  a sporting man  爱好体育运动的人 2  sportsmanlike, generous 有体育道德的，宽宏大量的  a sporting offer  宽宏大量的提议 3  concerned with sport 有关体育运动的  a sporting dog  猎狗 sporting news  体育新闻 □ sportingly  adv.  

sporting chance n.  some possibility of success 可能获胜的机会

sportive /ˈspɔ:tiv/ adj.  playful 嬉戏的，闹着玩的 □ sportively  adv.  □ sportiveness  n.  

sport of kings n. (prec. by 前接 the)  horse racing (less often war, hunting, or surfing) 赛马(其次为征战、打猎或冲浪)

sports car n.  a usu. open, low-built fast car 跑车(一种低车身敞篷小汽车)

sportscast /ˈspɔ:tskɑ:st/ n. N. Amer.  a broadcast of a sports event or information about sport [北美]体育节目放送 □ sportscaster  n.  

sports coat n. (also 亦作 sports jacket)  a man's jacket for informal wear (男式)运动上衣

sports ground n.  a piece of land used for sports 运动场

sportsman /ˈspɔ:tsmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. sportswoman, pl. -women)  1  a person who takes part in much sport, esp. professionally 爱好运动的人，(尤指)运动员 2  a person who behaves fairly and generously 具有体育道德的人，具有运动员品格的人 □ sportsmanlike  adj.  □ sportsmanly  adj.  □ sportsmanship  n.  

sportsperson /ˈspɔ:tspɜ:s(ə)n/ n. (pl. -persons or -people)  a sportsman or sportswoman 运动员

sportswear /ˈspɔ:tswɛə/ n.  clothes worn for sport or for casual outdoor use 运动装，休闲装

sports writer n.  a person who writes (esp. as a journalist) on sports 撰写体育报道者；(尤指)体育新闻记者

sporty /ˈspɔ:ti/ adj. (sportier, sportiest) colloq. [口]  1  a  fond of sport 爱好运动的b (esp. of clothes) suitable for wearing for sport or for casual outdoor use (尤指服装)适合运动时穿的 2  rakish, showy 漂亮的，花哨的 □ sportily  adv.  □ sportiness  n.  

sporule /ˈspɒrju:l, -ru:l/ n. Biol.  a small spore 【生】小孢子 □ sporular  adj.   [French sporule or modern Latin sporula (as SPORE)]

spot /spɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small part of the surface of a thing distinguished by colour, texture, etc., usu. round or less elongated than a streak or stripe 点子，斑点  a blue tie with pink spots  蓝底粉点的领带b  a small mark or stain 污点，污渍c  a pimple 丘疹，小脓疱d  a small circle or other shape used in various numbers to distinguish faces of dice, playing cards in a suit, etc. (骰子、纸牌等上的)点子，标记e  a moral blemish or stain (人格上的)污点，缺点  without a spot on his reputation  他名誉上没有污点 2  a  a particular place; a definite locality 地点；场所  dropped it on this precise spot  就掉在这个地方了 the spot where William III landed  威廉三世登陆的地点b  a place used for a particular activity 活动场所 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : nightspot  夜总会c (in full 全称 penalty spot) (prec. by 前接 the) Football  the place from which a penalty kick is taken 【足球】罚球点 3  a particular part of one's body or aspect of one's character (人体的)特定部位；(性格的)某个方面 4  a colloq.  one's (esp. regular) position in an organization, programme of events, etc. [口] (尤指在组织或活动等中不变的)位置b  a place or position in a performance or show (表演或演出中的)位置  did the spot before the interval  在幕间休息之前摆好位置 5 Brit. [英]  a colloq.  a small quantity of anything [口]少量，少许  a spot of lunch  少量的午饭 a spot of trouble  一点麻烦b  a drop (一)滴  a spot of rain  一滴雨c colloq.  a drink [口] (一)杯酒(或饮料) 6  = SPOTLIGHTn. 1, 2  7 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  money paid or goods delivered immediately after a sale 当场付款；当场交货  spot cash  货到即付的现金 spot silver  现货白银 8 Billiards etc. 【台球】(等)  a  a small round black patch to mark the position where a ball is placed at certain times 置球点b (in full 全称 spot-ball)  the white ball distinguished from the other by two black spots 置球点上的球，有两个黑点的白球 ●v. (spotted, spotting)  1 tr.  a colloq.  single out beforehand (the winner of a race etc.) [口]提前选出，预先认准(比赛等中的优胜者)b colloq.  recognize the identity, nationality, etc., of [口]发现，认出  spotted him at once as the murderer  立即认出他是杀人犯c  watch for and take note of (trains, talent, etc.) 留心并记录(火车、人才等)d colloq.  catch sight of [口]看见e Mil.  locate (an enemy's position), esp. from the air 【军】(尤指从空中)定位(敌方的位置) 2  a tr. & intr.  mark or become marked with spots 用斑点点缀b tr.  stain, soil (a person's character etc.) 玷污，败坏(人格等) 3 intr.  make spots, rain slightly 沾湿；下小雨  it was spotting with rain  天正下着小雨 4 tr. Billiards  place (a ball) on a spot 【台球】将(球)放在置球点上 □ hit the spot  colloq.  be exactly what is required [口]正合要求□ in a spot (or in a tight etc. spot)  colloq.  in difficulty [口]在困境中□ on the spot   1  at the scene of an action or event 在现场，当场 2 colloq.  in a position such that response or action is required [口]处于必须作出回答(或采取行动)的境地 3  without delay or change of place, then and there 立即，马上 4 (of a person) wide awake, equal to the situation, in good form at a game etc. (人)警惕的，有应付能力的，处于良好竞技状态的□ put on the spot  colloq.  force to make a difficult decision, answer an awkward question, etc. [口]被迫做出艰难的决定(或回答尴尬的问题等)□ running on the spot  Brit.  raising the feet alternately as in running but without moving forwards or backwards [英]原地跑步 [Middle English, perhaps from Middle Dutch spotte, Low German spot, Old Norse spotti ‘small piece’]

spot check n. & v. ●n.  a test made on the spot or on a randomly-selected subject 现场检查，抽样调查 ●v. tr. (spot-check)  subject to a spot check 作现场检查；作抽样检查

spot height n.  1  the altitude of a point 点的高度数 2  a figure on a map showing this (地图上的)点的高度，高程点

spotlamp /ˈspɒtlæmp/ n.  = SPOTLIGHTn. 2 

spotless /ˈspɒtlis/ adj.  immaculate; absolutely clean or pure 没有污点的，完美的；一尘不染的，纯洁的 □ spotlessly  adv.  □ spotlessness  n.  

spotlight /ˈspɒtlait/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a beam of light directed on a small area, esp. on a particular part of a theatre stage or of the road in front of a vehicle (尤指戏剧舞台或路面上的)聚光灯照明圈 2  a lamp projecting this 聚光灯 3  full attention or publicity 公众注意中心 ●v. tr. (past and past part. -lighted or -lit)  1  direct a spotlight on 用聚光灯照明 2  make conspicuous, draw attention to 使突出醒目，使公众注意

spot on adj. & adv. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●adj.  precise; on target 精确的；恰好的 ●adv.  precisely 准确地；正好

spotted /ˈspɒtid/ adj.  marked or decorated with spots 有斑点的 □ spottedness  n.  

spotted dick n. Brit.  a suet pudding containing currants [英]葡萄干布丁

spotted dog n.  1  a Dalmatian dog 达尔马提亚狗 2 Brit. [英]  = SPOTTED DICK 

spotted fever n.  1  cerebrospinal meningitis 脑脊膜炎 2  typhus 斑疹伤寒 3 (in full 全称 Rocky Mountain spotted fever)  a rickettsial disease transmitted by ticks 斑疹热(由扁虱传播的一种立克次氏体疾病)

spotter /ˈspɒtə/ n.  1 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a person who spots people or things 放物(或人)到指定地点的人  train-spotter  搜集铁路机车号码的人 2  an aviator or aircraft employed in locating enemy positions etc. (给敌军位置等进行定位的)弹着观察员，弹着观察机

spotty /ˈspɒti/ adj. (spottier, spottiest)  1  marked with spots 有斑点的 2  patchy, irregular 不均衡的，不规则的 □ spottily  adv.  □ spottiness  n.  

spot-weld v. tr.  join (two metal surfaces) by welding at discrete points 点焊 □ spot weld  n.  □ spot-welder  n.  □ spot-welding  n.  

spousal /ˈspaʊz(ə)l/ adj. esp. N. Amer. Law  of or relating to marriage or to a husband or wife [尤北美]【法律】婚姻的，配偶的

spouse /spaʊz, -s/ n.  a husband or wife 配偶 [Middle English spūs(e) from Old French sp(o)us (masc.), sp(o)use (fem.), variants of espous(e) from Latin sponsus sponsa, past part. of spondēre ‘betroth’]

spout /spaʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a projecting tube or lip through which a liquid etc. is poured from a teapot, kettle, jug, etc., or issues from a fountain, pump, etc. (茶壶、烧水壶、水壶等的)壶嘴；(喷泉、水泵等的)喷口，喷嘴b  a sloping trough down which a thing may be shot into a receptacle 槽，斜槽c hist.  a lift serving a pawnbroker's storeroom [史义] (典当铺的)吊车 2  a jet or column of liquid, grain, etc. 液流，谷物流 3 (in full 全称 spout-hole)  a whale's blowhole (see 见 BLOWHOLE 1) (鲸的)喷水孔 ●v. tr. & intr.  1  discharge or issue forcibly in a jet 喷出，喷射 2  utter (verses etc.) or speak in a declamatory manner, speechify 滔滔不绝地讲，喋喋不休地说 □ up the spout  Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  useless, ruined, hopeless 无用的，毁坏了的；无可救药的 2  pawned 被典当掉的 3  pregnant 怀孕的□ spouter  n.  □ spoutless  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch spouten, originally imitative]

SPQR abbr. [缩略]  1 hist.  the Senate and people of Rome [史义]罗马元老院与罗马市民 2  small profits and quick returns 薄利多销 [sense 1 from Latin Senatus Populusque Romanus]

Spr. abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) Sapper (英国) Sapper

spraddle /ˈspræd(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr. esp. dial. & N. Amer.  straddle, splay [尤方] [北美]叉开腿站立 [probably a dialect form related to SPREAD]

sprag /spræɡ/ n.  1  a thick piece of wood or similar device used as a brake (用以防止车辆滑动的)制轮木 2  a prop in a coal mine 煤面防护柱 [19th c.: origin unknown]

sprain /sprein/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  wrench (an ankle, wrist, etc.) violently so as to cause pain and swelling but not dislocation 扭伤(踝、腕关节等) ●n.  1  such a wrench 扭伤 2  the resulting inflammation and swelling (扭伤引起的)发炎与肿胀 [17th c.: origin unknown]

spraint /spreint/ n. (also in pl. 亦用复数)  otter droppings 水獭粪 [Old French espreintes from espaindre ‘squeeze out’, related to EXPRESS1]

sprang past  of SPRING  

sprat /spræt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small European herring-like fish, Sprattus sprattus, much used as food 西鲱(产于欧洲的食用小海鱼) 2  a similar fish, e.g. a sand eel or a young herring 类似西鲱的鱼(如玉筋鱼或小鲱鱼) ●v. intr. (spratted, spratting)  fish for sprats 捕西鲱(或小鲱、玉筋鱼) □ spratting  n.   [Old English sprot]

sprauncy /ˈsprɔ:nsi/ adj. (sprauncier, spraunciest) Brit. slang  smart or showy [英] [俚语]漂亮的，花哨的 [20th c.: perhaps related to dialect sprouncey ‘cheerful’]

sprawl /sprɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  sit or lie or fall with limbs flung out or in an ungainly way 伸开四肢坐(或躺、落下)b tr.  spread (one's limbs) in this way 伸开(四肢) 2 intr. (of handwriting, a plant, a town, etc.) be of irregular or straggling form (书法)杂乱无章；(植物)蔓生，蔓延；(城市等)无计划地扩展 ●n.  1  a sprawling movement or attitude 四肢伸开的坐卧(或姿势) 2  a straggling group or mass 蔓生，蔓延 3  the straggling expansion of an urban or industrial area (城市或工业区的)无计划扩展 □ sprawlingly  adv.   [Old English spreawlian]

spray1 /sprei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  water or other liquid flying in small drops from the force of the wind, the dashing of waves, or the action of an atomizer etc. 喷雾，水沫，飞沫 2  a liquid preparation to be applied in this form with an atomizer etc., esp. for medical purposes (尤指医学上)用作喷雾的液体 3  an instrument or apparatus for such application 喷雾器 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  throw (liquid) in the form of spray 喷，喷射 2  sprinkle (an object) with small drops or particles, esp. (a plant) with an insecticide (尤指向植物)喷洒(杀虫剂) 3 (absol. [含宾]) (of a male animal, esp. a cat) mark its environment with the smell of its urine, as an attraction to females (雄性动物尤指猫)用尿溅撒周围环境(以吸引雌性动物) □ sprayable  adj.  □ sprayer  n.   [earlier spry, perhaps related to Middle Dutch spra(e)yen, Middle High German sprœjen ‘sprinkle’]

spray2 /sprei/ n.  1  a sprig of flowers or leaves, or a branch of a tree with branchlets or flowers, esp. a slender or graceful one 小花枝；小树枝 2  a bunch of flowers decoratively arranged 装饰性的小花枝 3  an ornament in a similar form 枝状饰物  a spray of diamonds  一串钻石饰物 □ sprayey  /ˈspreii/ adj.   [Middle English from Old English (e)sprei, recorded in personal and place names]

spray-dry v. tr. (-dries, -dried)  dry (milk etc.) by spraying into hot air etc. 将(牛奶等)喷雾干燥

spray-gun n.  a gunlike device for spraying paint etc. (用于喷漆等的)喷枪

spray-paint v. tr.  paint (a surface) by means of a spray 喷漆

spread /spred/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. spread)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  open or extend the surface of 展开；张开；伸开b  cause to cover a larger surface 涂；敷  spread butter on bread  在面包上涂黄油c  display to the eye or the mind 陈列；展示  the view was spread out before us  风景展现在我们面前 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  have a wide or specified or increasing extent 伸展，扩展  on every side spread a vast desert  茫茫沙漠向四周伸展 spreading trees  绵延的树木 3 intr. & tr.  become or make widely known, felt, etc. 扩散，传播，蔓延  rumours are spreading  谣言四起 spread a little happiness  传播一点幸福 4 tr.  a  cover the surface of 涂，敷  spread the wall with paint  把墙刷上漆 a meadow spread with daisies  开满雏菊的草地b  lay (a table) 在(餐桌上)摆好饭菜 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of spreading 展开，伸展，张开 2  capability of expanding 伸展性  has a large spread  有很大的伸展性 3  diffusion 扩散，传播，普及  spread of learning  传播知识 4  breadth, compass 跨度，界限  arches of equal spread  相同跨度的拱门 5  an aircraft's wingspan (飞机的)翼展 6  increased bodily girth 发胖的腰身  middle-aged spread  中年发福 7  the difference between two rates, prices, etc. (比率、价格等的)差额，差距 8 colloq.  an elaborate meal [口]丰盛的饭菜 9  a sweet or savoury paste for spreading on bread etc. 用来涂抹面包等的酱 10  a bedspread 床单，床罩 11  printed matter spread across two facing pages or across more than one column (报刊上的)跨两版(或数栏)的文章(或广告) 12 US  a ranch with extensive land [美]大牧场，大农场 □ spread oneself   be lavish or discursive 过分慷慨的；东拉西扯的□ spread one's wings   see 见 WING □ spreadable  adj.  □ spreader  n.   [Old English -sprœˉdan, from West Germanic]

spread eagle n., v. & adj. ●n.  1  a representation of an eagle with legs and wings extended as an emblem 展翼鹰(用作象征物) 2 hist.  a person secured with arms and legs spread out, esp. to be flogged [史义]伸开四肢被缚的人(尤指要被鞭打的人) ●v. tr. (spreadeagle; usu. as 通常作 spreadeagled adj.)  1  place (a person) with arms and legs spread out, esp. to be flogged 使(人)伸开四肢(尤指以便鞭打) 2  defeat utterly 彻底打败 ●adj. (spread-eagle) US [美]  1  bombastic 夸大的，言过其实的 2  spreadeagled 像展翼鹰似的；四肢伸开的

spreadsheet /ˈspredʃi:t/ n.  a computer program allowing manipulation and flexible retrieval of esp. tabulated numerical data 空白表格程序

Sprechgesang /ˈʃprexɡəzæŋ, 德 ˈʃprɛçɡəzaŋ/ n. Mus.  a style of dramatic vocalization between speech and song 【音】诵唱(介于歌唱和说话之间的一种戏剧发声法) [German, literally ‘speech song’]

Sprechstimme /ˈʃprexʃtimə, 德 ˈʃprɛçʃtimə/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  the kind of voice used in Sprechgesang 诵唱声部 2  = SPRECHGESANG  [German, literally ‘speech voice’]

spree /spri:/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a lively extravagant outing 无节制的狂热行为  shopping spree  疯狂购物 2  a bout of fun or drinking etc. 狂欢(或狂饮等) ●v. intr. (sprees, spreed)  have a spree 狂欢；狂饮 □ on the spree   engaged in a spree 在狂欢中；在狂饮中 [18th c.: origin unknown]

sprig1 /spriɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small branch or shoot 小枝 2  an ornament resembling this, esp. on fabric (尤指织物上的)枝状装饰 3 usu. derog.  a youth or young man [通常贬]小伙子，小家伙  a sprig of the nobility  出身高贵的小伙子 ●v. tr. (sprigged, sprigging)  1  ornament with sprigs 用枝状花纹装饰  a dress of sprigged muslin  有枝状花纹的薄棉布裙 2 (usu. as 通常作 sprigging n.)  decorate (ceramic ware) with ornaments in applied relief (在瓷器上)用枝状花纹装饰 □ spriggy  adj.   [Middle English, from or related to Low German sprick]

sprig2 /spriɡ/ n.  a small tapering headless tack 无头钉 [Middle English: origin unknown]

sprightly /ˈspraitli/ adj. (also 亦作 spritely) (-lier, -liest)  vivacious, lively, brisk 活泼的，生气勃勃的，轻快的 □ sprightliness  n.   [spright, variant of SPRITE + -LY1]

spring /spriŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past sprang /spræŋ/ or US [美] sprung /sprʌŋ/; past part. sprung)  1 intr.  jump; move rapidly or suddenly 跳，跃  sprang from his seat  从他的座位上一跃而起 sprang through the gap  跃过裂口 sprang to their assistance  赶去援助他们 2 intr.  move rapidly as from a constrained position or by the action of a spring 反弹  the branch sprang back  树枝弹了回去 the door sprang to  门弹向… 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 from)  originate or arise 起源，产生  springs from an old family  来自于一个古老的家族 their actions spring from a false conviction  他们的行为源于错误的定罪 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  come into being; appear, esp. suddenly (尤指突然)出现，形成  a breeze sprang up  突然起了一阵微风 the belief has sprung up  这种信念已迅速形成 5 tr.  cause to act suddenly, esp. by means of a spring (尤指借弹簧作用)弹起  spring a trap  触发陷阱 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  produce or develop or make known suddenly or unexpectedly 突然产生，出奇不意地宣告  has sprung a new theory  突然产生了一个新的理论 loves to spring surprises  喜欢突然宣告惊奇之事 7 tr. slang  contrive the escape or release of [俚语]图谋逃跑 8 tr.  rouse (game) from earth or covert 惊起(猎物)使(猎物从土中或躲藏处)跳出 9  a intr.  become warped or split 翘曲；裂开b tr.  split, crack (wood or a wooden implement) 劈开(木头或木制工具) 10 tr. (usu. as 通常作 sprung adj.)  provide (a motor vehicle etc.) with springs 给(机动车等)装弹簧 11  a tr. colloq.  spend (money) [口]花(钱)b intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) N. Amer. & Austral. slang  pay for a treat [北美澳] [俚语]请客 12 tr.  cause (a mine) to explode 使(矿)爆炸 ●n.  1  a jump 跳，跃  took a spring  跳一下 rose with a spring  一跃而起 2  a backward movement from a constrained position; a recoil, e.g. of a bow 反弹，弹回 3  elasticity; ability to spring back strongly 弹性，弹力  a mattress with plenty of spring  弹性好的床垫 4  a resilient device usu. of bent or coiled metal used esp. to drive clockwork or for cushioning in furniture or vehicles (尤指钟表、家具或车辆的衬垫上的)弹簧，发条 5  a  the season in which vegetation begins to appear, the first season of the year, in the northern hemisphere from March to May and in the southern hemisphere from September to November 春天，春季(北半球从三月到五月，南半球从九月到十一月)b Astron.  the period from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice 【天】春分到夏至的时期c (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the early stage of life etc. (人生等的)精力旺盛时期，青春年华d  = SPRING TIDE  6  a place where water, oil, etc., wells up from the earth; the basin or flow so formed (水、油等的)源泉  hot springs  温泉 mineral springs  矿泉 7  the motive for or origin of an action, custom, etc. (行动、习俗等的)动机，原动力  the springs of human action  人类行为的原动力 8 slang  an escape or release from prison [俚语]逃跑，越狱；释放 9  the upward curve of a beam etc. from a horizontal line 起拱点，起拱线，起拱面 10  the splitting or yielding of a plank etc. under strain (木板等的)翘曲，裂处 □ spring a leak   develop a leak (orig. Naut., from timbers springing out of position) 出现裂缝 (源于【海】船开裂漏水)□ springless  adj.  □ springlet  n.  □ springlike  adj.   [Old English springan, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of sprung instead of sprang for the past tense, as in I sprung out of bed, is non-standard in British English, but acceptable along with sprang in American English. 在英国英语中过去式形式要用 sprung 而不用 sprang ，如 I sprung out of bed (我从床上一跃而起)属非标准用法；但在美国英语中， sprung 与 sprang 均可作为过去式。 

spring balance n.  a balance that measures weight by the tension of a spring 弹簧秤

spring bed n.  a bed with a spring mattress 弹簧床

springboard /ˈspriŋbɔ:d/ n.  1  a springy board giving impetus in leaping, diving, etc. (跳跃、跳水时用的)跳板 2  a source of impetus in any activity (活动的)推动力，出发点 3 N. Amer. & Austral.  a platform inserted in the side of a tree, on which a lumberjack stands to chop at some height from the ground [北美澳]跳板(指在离地面若干高度处插入树干的木板，伐木工人可站在上面砍树)

springbok /ˈspriŋbɒk/ n.  1  a southern African gazelle, Antidorcas marsupialis, with the ability to run with high springing jumps 跳羚(产于非洲南部，能高跳着奔跑) 2 (Springbok)  a South African, esp. one who has played for South Africa in international sporting competitions 南非人(尤指代表南非参加国际体育比赛的人) [Afrikaans, from Dutch springen SPRING + bok ‘antelope’]

spring chicken n.  1  a young fowl for eating (originally available only in spring) (原先只在春季才有的)童子鸡，雏鸡 2 (esp. with neg. 尤与否定词连用)  a young person 年轻人  she's no spring chicken  她可不是个不懂事的黄毛丫头

spring-clean n. & v. ●n. Brit.  a thorough cleaning of a house or room, esp. in spring [英] (尤指春季的)大扫除 ●v. tr.  clean (a house or room) in this way 彻底打扫(房屋或房间)

springe /sprin(d)ʒ/ n.  a noose or snare for catching small game (捕捉小动物的)套索，陷阱 [Middle English, related to SPRING]

spring equinox n.  the equinox in spring, on about 20 March in the northern hemisphere and 22 Sept. in the southern hemisphere; in Astron. the equinox in March Also called 亦称作 vernal equinox 春分(北半球是 3 月 20 日，南半球是 9 月 22 日)

springer /ˈspriŋə/ n.  1  a person or thing that springs 跳跃的人(或物) 2  a  a small spaniel of a breed used to spring game (用于惊起猎物的)猎獚b  this breed 猎獚品种 3 Archit. 【建】  a  the part of an arch where the curve begins 起拱点，起拱面b  the lowest stone of this 起拱石c  the bottom stone of the coping of a gable 拱脚石d  a rib of a groined roof or vault 拱肋 4  a springbok 跳羚

spring fever n.  a restless or lethargic feeling sometimes associated with spring 春倦症(有时在春季产生的一种烦躁或惰怠情绪)

spring greens n. pl.  the leaves of young cabbage plants of a variety that does not develop a heart 嫩圆白菜叶

spring-loaded adj.  containing a compressed or stretched spring pressing one part against another 装有弹簧的，用弹簧承载的

spring mattress n.  a mattress containing or consisting of springs 弹簧垫子

spring onion n. Brit.  an onion taken from the ground before the bulb has formed, and eaten raw in salad [英] (拌在沙拉中生吃的)小葱

spring roll n.  a Chinese snack consisting of a pancake filled with vegetables etc. and fried 春卷(一种中国小吃，薄饼内卷蔬菜用油炸)

springtail /ˈspriŋteil/ n.  any wingless insect of the order Collembola, leaping by means of a springlike caudal part 跳虫(弹尾目任一种无翅的昆虫，凭借弹簧似的尾部进行跳跃)

spring tide n.  a tide just after new and full moon when there is the greatest difference between high and low water 朔望大潮(指在新月和满月期间潮差最大的潮汐)

springtide /ˈspriŋtaid/ n. poet. [诗]  = SPRINGTIME 

springtime /ˈspriŋtaim/ n.  1  the season of spring 春天，春季 2  a time compared to this (可与春天作比的时期)青春，初期

spring water n.  water from a spring, as opposed to river water or rainwater 泉水

springy /ˈspriŋi/ adj. (springier, springiest)  1  springing back quickly when squeezed or stretched; elastic 有弹性的，有弹力的 2 (of movements) as of a springy substance (行动)轻快的 □ springily  adv.  □ springiness  n.  

sprinkle /ˈspriŋk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  scatter (liquid, ashes, crumbs, etc.) in small drops or particles 撒，洒(液体、灰、碎屑等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  subject (the ground or an object) to sprinkling with liquid etc. (把液体等)洒在；撒在(地面或物体上) 3 (of liquid etc.) fall on in this way (液体等)洒在…上；撒在…上 4  distribute in small amounts 星星点点地分布 ●n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  a light shower 小阵雨 2  = SPRINKLING  [Middle English, perhaps from Middle Dutch sprenkelen]

sprinkler /ˈspriŋklə/ n.  a person or thing that sprinkles, esp. a device for sprinkling water on a lawn or for extinguishing fires 洒东西的人(或物)；(尤指)喷洒器，洒水车，喷水装置

sprinkling /ˈspriŋkliŋ/ n. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a small thinly distributed number or amount 少量，微量

sprint /sprint/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  run a short distance at full speed 冲刺，全速奔跑 2 tr.  run (a specified distance) in this way 全速跑(一段距离) ●n.  1  a  such a run 冲刺，全速奔跑b Sport  a running race over a distance of 400 metres or less 【运动】 (400 米或少于 400 米的)短跑 2  a similar short spell of maximum effort in cycling, swimming, motor racing, etc. (在自行车、游泳、摩托车等比赛中的)冲刺 [Old Norse sprinta (unrecorded), of unknown origin]

sprinter /ˈsprintə/ n.  1  an athlete who specializes in short distance races 短跑选手，短跑运动员 2  a vehicle, esp. a train, designed for rapid travel over short distances 车辆(尤指短距离快速运行的火车)

sprit /sprit/ n.  a small spar reaching diagonally from the mast to the upper outer corner of the sail 斜撑帆杆 [Old English sprēot ‘pole’, related to SPROUT]

sprite /sprait/ n.  an elf, fairy, or goblin 小鬼；小妖；小精灵 [Middle English from sprit, variant of SPIRIT]

spritely var.  of SPRIGHTLY SPRIGHTLY  变体

spritsail /ˈsprits(ə)l, ˈspritseil/ n.  1  a sail extended by a sprit 斜杠帆 2 hist.  a sail extended by a yard set under the bowsprit [史义]撑杆帆

spritz /sprits/ v. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●v. tr.  sprinkle, squirt, or spray 喷洒，喷射，喷溅 ●n.  the act or an instance of spritzing 喷洒，喷射，喷溅 [German spritzen ‘to squirt’]

spritzer /ˈspritsə/ n.  a mixture of wine and soda water (葡萄酒和苏打水混制而成的)汽酒 [German Spritzer ‘a splash’]

sprocket /ˈsprɒkit/ n.  1  each of several teeth on a wheel engaging with links of a chain, e.g. on a bicycle, or with holes in film or tape or paper 链齿 2 (also 亦作 sprocket-wheel)  a wheel with sprockets 链齿轮 [16th c.: origin unknown]

sprog /sprɒɡ/ n. Brit. slang  a child; a baby [英] [俚语]小孩；婴儿 [originally services' slang, = new recruit: perhaps from obsolete sprag ‘lively young man’, of unknown origin]

sprout /sprəʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  put forth, produce (shoots, hair, etc.) (芽、毛发等)长出，冒出  has sprouted a moustache  已经长出了胡须 2 intr.  begin to grow, put forth shoots 发芽，抽条 3 intr.  spring up, grow to a height 迅速成长 ●n.  1  a shoot of a plant 新芽，嫩枝 2  = BRUSSELS SPROUT  [Old English from West Germanic]

spruce1 /spru:s/ adj. & v. ●adj.  neat in dress and appearance; trim, smart (衣着或外表)整洁漂亮的 ●v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 refl.; usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  make or become smart 使整洁漂亮；打扮得整洁漂亮 □ sprucely  adv.  □ spruceness  n.   [perhaps from SPRUCE2 in obsolete sense ‘Prussian’, in the collocation spruce (leather) jerkin]

spruce2 /spru:s/ n.  1  any coniferous tree of the genus Picea, with dense foliage growing in a distinctive conical shape 云杉(松柏科的任一种松树，枝叶茂密，长成独特的圆锥状) 2  the wood of this tree used as timber 云杉木 [alteration of obsolete Pruce ‘Prussia’: cf. PRUSSIAN]

spruce3 /spru:s/ v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1 tr.  deceive 欺骗 2 intr.  lie, practise deception 说谎，骗人 3 intr.  evade a duty, malinger 逃避职责；装病 □ sprucer  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

spruce beer n.  a fermented beverage using spruce twigs and needles as flavouring (用云杉嫩枝和松针调味的)云杉啤酒

sprue1 /spru:/ n.  1  a channel through which metal or plastic is poured into a mould (金属或塑料的)浇口 2  a piece of metal or plastic which has filled a sprue and solidified there 熔渣 [19th c.: origin unknown]

sprue2 /spru:/ n.  a tropical disease with ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth and chronic enteritis 口炎性腹泻(一种热带疾病) [Dutch spruw THRUSH2, perhaps related to Flemish spruwen ‘sprinkle’]

spruik /spru:k/ v. intr. Austral. & NZ slang  speak in public, esp. as a showman [澳新] [俚语] (尤指节目主持人)当众滔滔不绝地讲话 □ spruiker  n.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

spruit /spreit/ n. S. Afr.  a small watercourse, usu. dry except during the rainy season [南非] (通常只在雨季有水的)小河道 [Dutch, related to SPROUT]

sprung  see 见 SPRING 

sprung rhythm n.  a poetic metre approximating to speech, each foot having one stressed syllable followed by a varying number of unstressed 跳跃韵(一种近似于讲话的诗歌韵律，每个音步中有一个重读音节和数个非重读音节)

spry /sprai/ adj. (spryer, spryest)  active, lively 充满活力的，活泼的 □ spryly  adv.  □ spryness  n.   [18th c., dialect & US: origin unknown]

spud /spʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1 slang  a potato [俚语]土豆 2  a small narrow spade for cutting the roots of weeds etc. (铲除杂草根等用的)除草铲 ●v. tr. (spudded, spudding)  1 (foll. by 后跟 up, out)  remove (weeds) with a spud 用除草铲铲除(杂草) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]； often foll. by 常后跟 in)  make the initial drilling for (an oil well) 开始钻(油井) [Middle English: origin unknown]

spud-bashing n. Brit. slang  a lengthy spell of peeling potatoes [英] [俚语]长时间的削土豆皮

spue var.  of SPEW  SPEW 的变体

spumante /spu:ˈmænti/ n.  an Italian sparkling white wine (cf. 参见 ASTI) 意大利苏打白葡萄酒 [Italian, = sparkling]

spume /spju:m/ n. & v. intr.  froth, foam 泡沫，浮沫 □ spumous  adj.  □ spumy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French (e)spume or Latin spuma]

spumoni /spu:ˈməʊni/ n. N. Amer.  a kind of ice-cream dessert with different colours and flavours, often in layers [北美] (不同颜色、不同口味且常分层的)意大利冰糕 [Italian spumone from spuma SPUME]

spun past and past part.  of SPIN 

spunk /spʌŋk/ n.  1  touchwood 引火木柴 2 colloq.  courage, mettle, spirit [口]勇气，胆量，精神 3 Brit. coarse slang  semen [英] [粗俗俚语]精液 4 Austral. slang  a sexually attractive person [澳] [俚语]性感迷人的人 [16th c.: origin uncertain]

spunky /ˈspʌŋki/ adj. (spunkier, spunkiest)  1 colloq.  brave, spirited [口]勇敢的，精神十足的 2 Austral. slang  sexually attractive [澳] [俚语]性感迷人的 □ spunkily  adv.  

spun silk n.  a cheap material made of short-fibred and waste silk 绢丝纺(一种用短纤维和废丝织成的便宜的布料)

spun yarn n. Naut.  a line formed of rope-yarns twisted together 【海】细索油麻绳

spur /spɜ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device with a small spike or a spiked wheel worn on a rider's heel for urging a horse forward 马刺，靴刺 2  a stimulus or incentive 刺激，激励 3  a spur-shaped thing, esp. 马刺状物，(尤指):a  a projection from a mountain or mountain range 山嘴，山鼻子b  a branch road or railway 支路，岔路c  a hard projection on a cock's leg (公鸡腿上的)距d  a steel point fastened to the leg of a gamecock (缚在斗鸡脚上的)距铁e  a climbing-iron (登山用的)铁钉助爬器f  a small support for ceramic ware in a kiln (窑中瓷器的)支撑物 4 Bot. 【植】  a  a slender hollow projection from part of a flower 花距b  a short fruit-bearing shoot 结有果子的短枝 ●v. (spurred, spurring)  1 tr.  prick (a horse) with spurs 用马刺踢(马) 2 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  incite (a person) 鼓励，激励  spurred him on to greater efforts  激励他更加努力 spurred her to try again  鼓励她再试一次b  stimulate (interest etc.) 激发(兴趣等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on, forward)  ride a horse hard 策马飞驰 4 tr. (esp. as 尤作 spurred adj.)  provide (a person, boots, a gamecock) with spurs 给(人、靴子、斗鸡)装马刺(或距铁) □ on the spur of the moment   on a momentary impulse; impromptu 一时兴起；即兴□ put (or set) spurs to   1  spur (a horse) 用靴刺踢(马) 2  stimulate (resolution etc.) 增强(决心等)□ spurless  adj.  □ spurred  adj. (esp. in senses 1, 3d, 4a of n. 尤用于名词释义 1 ， 3d 和 4a)   [Old English spora, spura from Germanic: related to SPURN]

spurge /spɜ:dʒ/ n.  any plant of the genus Euphorbia, exuding an acrid milky juice once used medicinally as a purgative 大戟(一种可分泌辛辣乳状汁液的植物，曾用作泻药) [Middle English via Old French espurge, from espurgier, from Latin expurgare (as EX-1, PURGE)]

spur-gear n.  = SPUR-WHEEL 

spurge laurel n.  a low-growing shrub, Daphne laureola, with glossy leaves and small greenish flowers 桂叶芫花(一种低生灌木，叶片光滑，开绿色小花)

spurious /ˈspjʊəriəs/ adj.  1  not genuine, not being what it purports to be, not proceeding from the pretended source 伪造的，欺骗的  a spurious excuse  编造的理由 2  having an outward similarity of form or function only 仅外表相似的 3 (of offspring) illegitimate (子女)私生的 □ spuriously  adv.  □ spuriousness  n.   [Latin spurius ‘false’]

spurn /spɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  reject with disdain; treat with contempt 轻蔑地拒绝；唾弃 2  repel or thrust back with one's foot 一脚踢开 ●n.  an act of spurning 唾弃；踢 □ spurner  n.   [Old English spurnan, spornan: related to SPUR]

spurrey /ˈspʌri/ n. (also 亦作 spurry) (pl. -eys or -ies)  a slender plant of the genus Spergula or Spergularia, of the pink family, esp. (corn spurrey) Spergula arvensis, a white-flowered cornfield weed and (sand spurrey) Spergularia rubra, a pink-flowered plant of sandy soil 大爪草(石竹纲大爪草属中一种纤细的植物，尤指长在玉米地中的一种开白花的杂草和长在沙土中的一种开粉花的植物) [Dutch spurrie, probably related to medieval Latin spergula]

spurrier /ˈspʌriə, ˈspɜ:r-/ n.  a spur-maker 马刺制作者

spur royal n. hist.  a 15-shilling coin of James I bearing a spurlike sun with rays [史义] (英国詹姆士一世时代的)马刺状太阳图案金币(价值 15 先令)

spurt /spɜ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 (also 亦作 spirt)  a intr.  gush out in a jet or stream 喷射b tr.  cause (liquid etc.) to do this 使(液体等)喷射 2 intr.  make a sudden effort 突然用力 ●n.  1 (also 亦作 spirt)  a sudden gushing out, a jet 喷射 2  a short sudden effort or increase of pace esp. in racing (尤指在赛跑中的)突然加速，冲刺 [16th c.: origin unknown]

spur-wheel n.  a cogwheel with radial teeth 正齿轮

sputnik /ˈspʊtnik, ˈspʌt-/ n.  each of a series of Russian artificial satellites launched from 1957 (俄罗斯 1957 年起发射的一系列)人造地球卫星 [Russian, = fellow-traveller]

sputter /ˈspʌtə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  emit spitting sounds, esp. when being heated (尤指加热时)发出劈啪声 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  speak in a hurried or vehement fashion 气急败坏地说，激烈地说 3 tr.  emit with a spitting sound 劈劈啪啪地发出(或喷出) 4 tr.  speak or utter (words, threats, a language, etc.) rapidly or incoherently (急促或语无伦次地)说话(威胁等) 5 tr. Physics  deposit (metal) by using fast ions etc. to eject particles of it from a target 【物理学】溅射，喷射，喷镀(金属) ●n.  a sputtering sound, esp. sputtering speech 急促的声音(尤指话语) □ sputterer  n.   [Dutch sputteren (imitative)]

sputum /ˈspju:təm/ n. (pl. sputa /-tə/)  1  saliva, spittle 唾液，唾沫 2  a mixture of saliva and mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract, usu. a sign of disease (通常显示有某种疾病的)痰 [Latin, neut. past part. of spuere ‘spit’]

spy /spai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. spies)  1  a person who secretly collects and reports information on the activities, movements, etc., of an enemy, competitor, etc. 间谍，特务 2  a person who keeps watch on others, esp. furtively 密探，密秘监视人 ●v. (spies, spied)  1 tr.  discern or make out, esp. by careful observation (尤指通过仔细观察)看见，发现  spied a house in the distance  发现了远处的一栋房子 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  act as a spy, keep a close and secret watch 做间谍，暗中监视 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  pry 探查，侦察 □ spy out   explore or discover, esp. secretly (尤指秘密地)探查，发现 [Middle English from Old French espie ‘espying’, espier ‘espy’, from Germanic]

spyglass /ˈspaiɡlɑ:s/ n.  a small telescope 小型望远镜

spyhole /ˈspaihəʊl/ n. Brit.  a peephole [英]窥视孔

spymaster /ˈspaimɑ:stə/ n. colloq.  the head of an organization of spies [口]间谍组织的首脑

Spɑ¨tlese /ˈʃpetleizə/ n. (pl. Spɑ¨tleses or Spɑ¨tlesen, /German ʃpetle:zən/)  a white, esp. German, wine made from grapes harvested late in the season (尤指德国用晚季收获的葡萄酿造的)白葡萄酒 [German, from spɑ¨t, ‘late’ + Lese ‘picking, vintage’]

sq. abbr. [缩略]  square 

SQL abbr. Computing  structured query language [缩略]【计算】结构化查询语言

Sqn. Ldr. abbr. [缩略]  Squadron Leader 

squab /skwɒb/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a short fat person 矮胖的人 2  a very young bird, esp. an unfledged pigeon 雏鸟(尤指雏鸽) 3  a  a stuffed cushion 厚垫子b Brit.  the padded back or side of a car-seat [英] (汽车座位的)厚垫靠背(或扶手) 4  a sofa or ottoman 沙发；长软椅 ●adj.  short and fat, squat 矮胖的，短粗的 [17th c.: origin unknown: cf. obsolete quab ‘shapeless thing’, Swedish dialect sqvabba ‘fat woman’]

squabble /ˈskwɒb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a petty or noisy quarrel 争吵，口角 ●v. intr.  engage in a squabble 争吵 □ squabbler  n.   [probably imitative: cf. Swedish dialect sqvabbel ‘a dispute’]

squabby /ˈskwɒbi/ adj. (squabbier, squabbiest)  short and fat; squat 矮胖的；短粗的

squab-chick n.  an unfledged bird 雏鸟

squab pie n. Brit. [英]  1  pigeon pie 鸽肉馅饼 2  a pie of mutton, pork, onions, and apples (用羊肉、猪肉、洋葱和苹果作馅的)斯郭布馅饼

squacco /ˈskwækəʊ/ n. (in full 全称 squacco heron)  a small crested buff and white heron, Ardeola ralloides, of S. Europe and parts of Africa 黄池鹭(产于南欧和非洲的部分地区) [Italian dialect sguacco]

squad /skwɒd/ n.  1  a small group of people sharing a task etc. (执行某一任务等的)小队，小组 2 Mil.  a small number of men assembled for drill etc. 【军】(集中起来进行操练等的)班 3 Sport  a group of players forming a team 【运动】运动队 4  a (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a specialized unit within a police force 队(警察的特别单位)  drug squad  缉毒队b  = FLYING SQUAD  5  a group or class of people of a specified kind 一组(或一班)人  the awkward squad  一小队训练不足的新兵 [French escouade, variant of escadre, from Italian squadra SQUARE]

squad car n.  a police car having a radio link with headquarters (装有无线电可与总部联系的)警车

squaddie /ˈskwɒdi/ n. (also 亦作 squaddy) (pl. -ies) Brit. Mil. slang [英]【军】[俚语]  1  a recruit 新兵 2  a private 陆军二等兵

squadron /ˈskwɒdrən/ n.  1  an organized body of persons 一队，一群 2  a principal division of a cavalry regiment or armoured formation, consisting of two troops (陆军的)骑兵中队 3  a  a detachment of warships employed on a particular duty (执行某一特别任务的)舰队b  a division of a naval fleet under the command of a flag-officer (由海军将官指挥的)分舰队 4  a unit of the Royal Air Force with 10 to 18 aircraft (配有 10 至 18 架飞机的)皇家空军中队 [Italian squadrone (as SQUAD)]

squadron leader n.  the commander of a squadron of the Royal Air Force, the officer next below wing commander 皇家空军中队长；空军少校

squail /skweil/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  a game with small wooden discs propelled across a table or board 推盘游戏 2  each of these discs (推盘游戏中用的)小圆盘 [19th c.: origin unknown: cf. dialect kayles ‘skittles’]

squail-board n.  a board used in the game of squails 推盘游戏用的桌板

squalid /ˈskwɒlid/ adj.  1  filthy, repulsively dirty 污秽的，肮脏的 2  mean or poor in appearance (外表)卑鄙的，可怜的 3  wretched, sordid 悲惨的，低贱的 □ squalidity  n. /-ˈliditi/  □ squalidly  adv.  □ squalidness  n.   [Latin squalidus from squalēre ‘be rough or dirty’]

squall /skwɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden or violent gust or storm of wind, esp. with rain or snow or sleet (尤指带有雨、雪或雹的)暴风，狂风 2  a discordant cry; a scream (esp. of a baby) (尤指婴儿的)大声哭喊，尖叫 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  trouble, difficulty 麻烦，困难 ●v.  1 intr.  utter a squall; scream, cry out violently as in fear or pain (因害怕或疼痛而)大声哭喊，尖叫 2 tr.  utter in a screaming or discordant voice 尖叫，哭喊 □ squally  adj.   [probably from SQUEAL, influenced by BAWL]

squall line n. Meteorol.  a narrow band of high winds along a cold front 【气】飑线(沿着冷锋的一道暴风线)

squalor /ˈskwɒlə/ n.  the state of being filthy or squalid 肮脏，污秽 [Latin, as SQUALID]

squama /ˈskweimə/ n. (pl. squamae /-mi:/)  1 Zool. & Bot.  a scale on an animal or plant 【动】【植】(动植物的)鳞片 2 Anat.  a thin scalelike plate of bone 【解】鳞状骨 □ squamate  /-mət, -meit/ adj.  □ squamose  adj.  □ squamous  adj.  □ squamule  n.   [Latin squama]

squander /ˈskwɒndə/ v. tr.  1  spend (money, time, etc.) wastefully 挥霍，浪费(金钱、时间等) 2  dissipate (a fortune etc.) wastefully 挥霍，浪费(财产等) □ squanderer  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

square /skwɛə/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  an equilateral rectangle 正方形 2  a  an object of this shape or approximately this shape 正方形物b  a small square area on a game-board (棋盘上的)方格，方块c  a square scarf 方头巾d Brit.  an academic cap with a stiff square top; a mortarboard [英]学位帽 3  a  an open (usu. four-sided) area surrounded by buildings, esp. one planted with trees etc. and surrounded by houses (通常为四边种有树木等并且周围建有房屋的)广场b  an open area at the meeting of streets 街心广场c Cricket  a closer-cut area at the centre of a ground, any strip of which may be prepared as a wicket 【板球】内场d  an area within barracks etc. for drill (兵营等的)操练场e US  a block of buildings bounded by four streets [美] (四条街包围的)街区 4  the product of a number multiplied by itself 平方  81 is the square of 9  81 是 9 的平方 5  an L-shaped or T-shaped instrument for obtaining or testing right angles 直角尺，丁字尺 6 slang  a conventional or old-fashioned person, one ignorant of or opposed to current trends [俚语]古板守旧的人，不谙时尚的人 7  a square arrangement of letters, figures, etc. (字母、数字等的)方形排列 8  a body of infantry drawn up in rectangular form 步兵方阵 9  a unit of 100 sq. ft as a measure of flooring etc. 百平方英尺(地板等的计量单位) 10 N. Amer. colloq.  a square meal [北美口]美餐，饱餐  three squares a day  一日三顿美餐 ●adj.  1  having the shape of a square 正方形的 2  having or in the form of a right angle 有方角的；方角的  table with square corners  有方角的桌子 3  angular and not round; of square section 方形的  has a square jaw  长着方下巴 4  designating a unit of measure equal to the area of a square whose side is one of the unit specified 平方的  square metre  平方米 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  level, parallel 水平的，平行的b  on a proper footing; even, quits 在合适的基础上；平衡的，抵消的 6  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  at right angles 成直角的b Cricket  on a line through the stumps at right angles to the wicket 【板球】处在与门柱和三柱门连线成直角的位置上的 7  having the breadth more nearly equal to the length or height than is usual 宽阔结实的，魁梧的  a man of square frame  身材魁梧的男子 8  properly arranged; in good order, settled 平整的，整齐的  get things square  把东西弄整齐 9 (also 亦作 all square)  a  not in debt, with no money owed 不欠账的，付清的b  having equal scores, esp. Golf having won the same number of holes as one's opponent 得分相同的(尤)【高尔夫球】入洞数相同的c (of scores) equal (分数)相同的，平局 10  fair and honest 公正诚实的  his dealings are not always quite square  他的交易并不总是公正诚实的 11  uncompromising, direct, thorough 直截了当的，干脆的，彻底的  was met with a square refusal  遭到了断然拒绝 12 slang  conventional or old-fashioned, unsophisticated, conservative (cf. sense 6 of n. 参见名词释义 6) [俚语]古板守旧的，安分守己的，保守的 13 Mus. (of rhythm) simple, straightforward 【音】(节奏)简单的，明快的 ●adv.  1  squarely 成直角，垂直地  sat square on his seat  笔直地坐在他的座位上 2  fairly, honestly 公平地，诚实地  play square  公平对待 ●v.  1 tr.  make square or rectangular, give a rectangular cross-section to (timber etc.) 使(木材截面等)成正方形(或四方形) 2 tr.  multiply (a number) by itself 平方(某数)  3 squared is 9  3 平方后得 9 3 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, with)  adjust; make or be suitable or consistent; reconcile 调整；使符合；调和  the results do not square with your conclusions  结果与你的结论不符 4 tr.  mark out in squares 用方形标出 5 tr.  settle or pay (a bill etc.) 结清，付清(账单等) 6 tr.  place (one's shoulders etc.) squarely facing forwards 抬平(肩膀等) 7 tr. colloq. [口]  a  pay or bribe 收买，贿赂b  secure the acquiescence etc. of (a person) in this way 通过贿赂办成事情，通过贿赂使(人)顺从 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  make the scores of (a match etc.) all square 使(比赛等的)分数相同 9 intr.  assume the attitude of a boxer 摆好拳击姿势 10 tr. Naut. 【海】  a  lay (yards) at right angles with the keel making them at the same time horizontal 使(帆桁)与龙骨和桅杆成直角b  get (deadeyes) horizontal 使(三眼木柄)成水平c  get (ratlines) horizontal and parallel to one another 使(绳梯)相互平行 □ back to square one  colloq.  back to the starting point with no progress made [口]回到起点，回到原地，毫无进展□ get square with   pay or compound with (a creditor) 还清(债主)的债；向…报仇□ on the square ● adj.  1 colloq.  honest, fair [口]诚实的，公正的 2  having membership of the Freemasons 共济会成员的 ●adv. colloq.  honestly, fairly [口]诚实地，公正地  can be trusted to act on the square  办事公正可以信赖□ out of square   not at right angles 不成直角地□ square accounts with   see 见 ACCOUNT □ square away  US  tidy up [美]整理，收拾□ square the circle   1  construct a square equal in area to a given circle (a problem incapable of a purely geometrical solution) 画面积等于一个圆的正方形(一个不能用纯几何方法解决的问题) 2  do what is impossible 做办不到的事□ square off   1 US  assume the attitude of a boxer [美]摆好拳击姿势 2 Austral.  placate or conciliate [澳]安抚，调和 3  mark out in squares 用四方形标出□ square peg in a round hole   see 见 PEG □ square up   settle an account etc. 结清，付讫□ square up to   1  move towards (a person) in a fighting attitude 摆好打架的姿势迎上前去 2  face and tackle (a difficulty etc.) resolutely 坚决正视(困难等)□ squarely  adv.  □ squareness  n.  □ squarer  n.  □ squarish  adj.   [Middle English from Old French esquare, esquarré, esquarrer, ultimately from EX-1 + Latin quadra ‘square’]

square-bashing n. Brit. Mil. slang  drill on a barrack square [英]【军】[俚语] (在兵营操场上)操练

square brackets n. pl.  brackets of the form 方括号

square-built adj.  comparatively broad; broadly-built 宽阔的；体型宽阔的

square dance n.  a dance with usu. four couples facing inwards from four sides (通常四对男女跳的)方形舞

square deal n.  a fair bargain, fair treatment 公平交易；公平对待

squared paper n. Brit.  paper marked out in squares, esp. for plotting graphs [英] (尤指绘图用的)坐标纸

square-eyed adj. joc.  affected by or given to excessive viewing of television [诙] (由于看电视过多而)眼睛发花的；迷于电视的

square leg n. Cricket 【板球】  1  the fielding position at some distance on the batsman's leg side and nearly opposite the stumps 左外场守场员位置 2  a fielder in this position 左外场守场员

square meal n.  a substantial and satisfying meal 美餐，饱餐

square measure n.  measure expressed in square units 平方单位制，平方面积制

Square Mile n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  the City, the financial district of London [英]伦敦金融区

square number n.  the square of an integer e.g. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, etc. 平方数(如 1 、 4 、 9 、 16 、 25 等)

square perch n. 30(1/4) sq. yards 平方杆(面积单位，相当于 30(1/4) 平方码)

square piano n.  an early type of piano, small and oblong in shape 长方形钢琴(一种早期的小钢琴)

square-rigged adj. (of a vessel) with the principal sails at right angles to the length of the ship and extended by horizontal yards slung to the mast by the middle (opp. 反义 FORE-AND-AFT RIGGED) (船)横帆的

square root n.  the number that multiplied by itself gives a specified number 平方根  3 is the square root of 9  3 是 9 的平方根

square sail n.  a four-cornered sail extended on a yard slung to the mast by the middle 横帆(一种四角帆，用一个水平横跨桅杆的横杆展开)

square-shouldered adj.  with broad and not sloping shoulders (cf. 参见 ROUND-SHOULDERED) 肩部四方的，肩宽的

square-toed adj.  1 (of shoes or boots) having square toes (鞋或靴)方头的 2  wearing such shoes or boots 穿方头鞋的；穿方头靴的 3  formal, prim 老派的，古板的

square wave n. Physics  a wave with periodic sudden alternations between only two values of quantity 【物理学】方波(仅在两个量值之间作周期性交替的波)

squarrose /ˈskwærəʊs, ˈskwɒ-, -ˈrəʊs/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  rough with scalelike projections 【植】【动】具有糙鳞的，糠秕状的 [Latin squarrosus ‘scurfy, scabby’]

squash1 /skwɒʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  crush or squeeze flat or into pulp 压扁，挤扁，压烂，挤烂 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  make one's way by squeezing 挤入，挤进 3 tr.  pack tight, crowd 硬放，硬塞 4 tr.  a  silence (a person) with a crushing retort etc. (用有力的反驳等)使无言以对b  dismiss (a proposal etc.) 驳回，不受理(提议等)c  quash (a rebellion) 镇压(反叛) ●n.  1  a crowd; a crowded assembly 拥挤的人群；拥挤的集会 2  a sound of or as of something being squashed, or of a soft body falling 挤压声；压碎声，(柔软物体落下时)噗的一声 3 Brit.  a concentrated drink made of crushed fruit etc., diluted or to be diluted with water [英]果汁汽水 4 (in full 全称 squash rackets)  a game played with rackets and a small fairly soft ball against the walls of a closed court 壁球(在封闭围墙内用球拍击打球的运动，球比网球小且软) 5  a squashed thing or mass 压坏的东西；挤压成的一堆 □ squashy  adj. (squashier, squashiest)  □ squashily  adv.  □ squashiness  n.   [alteration of QUASH]

squash2 /skwɒʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or squashes)  1  any of various trailing gourd plants of the genus Cucurbita having pumpkin-like fruits, esp. C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo 南瓜属植物(如南瓜、倭瓜、笋瓜、西葫芦) 2  the fruit of these cooked and eaten as a vegetable (作为蔬菜吃的)南瓜属植物的果实 [obsolete (i)squoutersquash from Narragansett asquutasquash, from asq ‘uncooked’ + squash ‘green’]

squash bug n.  a N. American hemipteran bug, Anasa tristis, which is a pest of squashes, pumpkins, and melons 南瓜缘蝽(产于北美的一种半翅类小虫，是南瓜属植物的害虫)

squash tennis n. US  a game similar to squash, played with a tennis ball [美] 壁网球(与壁球类似，用网球打)

squat /skwɒt/ v., adj. & n. ●v. (squatted, squatting)  1 intr.  a  crouch with the hams resting on the backs of the heels 蹲b  sit on the ground etc. with the knees drawn up and the heels close to or touching the hams 蹲坐 2 tr.  put (a person) into a squatting position 使蹲下，使蹲坐 3 intr. colloq.  sit down [口]坐，坐下 4  a intr.  act as a squatter 擅自占用b tr.  occupy (a building) as a squatter 擅自占用(建筑物) 5 intr. (of an animal) crouch close to the ground (动物)蹲伏，蜷伏 ●adj. (squatter, squattest)  1 (of a person etc.) short and thick, dumpy (人等)矮胖的，粗短的 2  in a squatting posture 蹲伏的，蹲坐的 ●n.  1  a squatting posture 蹲伏，蹲坐 2  a  a place occupied by a squatter or squatters 擅自占用的地方b  being a squatter 擅自占用某地的人 3 N. Amer. slang [北美] [俚语]  = DIDDLY-SQUAT  □ squatly  adv.  □ squatness  n.   [Middle English from Old French esquatir ‘flatten’, from es- EX-1 + quatir ‘press down, crouch’, ultimately from Latin coactus, past part. of cogere ‘compel’: see COGENT]

squatter /ˈskwɒtə/ n.  1  a person who takes unauthorized possession of unoccupied premises 擅自占用空地(房屋)者 2 Austral. [澳]  a  a sheep farmer esp. on a large scale (尤指大规模放牧的)牧羊场主b hist.  a person who gets the right of pasturage from the government on easy terms [史义] (以优厚条件从政府)取得放牧权的人 3  a person who settles on new esp. public land without title (没有契据)在新的(尤指公用的)土地上定居的人 4  a person who squats 蹲伏者，蹲坐者

squat thrust n.  an exercise in which the legs are thrust backwards starting from a squatting position with the hands on the floor 蹲撑练习(双手撑地，双腿后蹬)

squaw /skwɔ:/ n. offens.  a N. American Indian woman or wife [冒犯]北美印第安女子(或妻子) [Narragansett squaws, Massachusetts squaw ‘woman’]

squawk /skwɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loud harsh cry esp. of a bird (尤指鸟的)尖厉的叫声 2  a complaint 诉苦，抱怨 ●v. tr. & intr.  utter with or make a squawk 发出粗厉的叫声；诉苦，抱怨 □ squawker  n.   [imitative]

squawk-box n. colloq.  a loudspeaker or intercom [口]扬声器，通话盒

squaw-man n. offens.  a white or black man married to a N. American Indian woman [冒犯]娶北美印第安女子为妻的白人(或黑人)

squaw winter n. (in N. America) a brief wintry spell before an Indian summer (北美)印第安夏季来临前的短暂寒冷天气

squeak /skwi:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a short shrill cry as of a mouse (老鼠的)尖叫声，吱吱声b  a slight high-pitched sound as of an unoiled hinge (如未经润滑的铰链等发出的)嘎吱声 2 (also 亦作 narrow squeak)  a narrow escape, a success barely attained 侥幸逃脱；勉强获得成功 ●v.  1 intr.  make a squeak 尖叫；吱吱叫 2 tr.  utter (words) shrilly 尖声说出(话语) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by, through) colloq.  pass narrowly [口]勉强通过 4 intr. slang  turn informer [俚语]告密，告发 [Middle English, imitative: cf. SQUEAL, SHRIEK, and Swedish skvɑ¨ka ‘croak’]

squeaker /ˈskwi:kə/ n.  1  a person or thing that squeaks 发出短促刺耳声的人(或物) 2  a young bird, esp. a pigeon 雏鸟(尤指雏鸽) 3 esp. N. Amer.  a game, election, etc. won by a narrow margin [尤北美]以微弱优势赢得的比赛(或选举等)

squeaky /ˈskwi:ki/ adj. (squeakier, squeakiest)  making a squeaking sound 发短促尖声的，吱嘎作响的 □ squeakily  adv.  □ squeakiness  n.  

squeaky clean adj.  1  completely clean 一尘不染的 2  above criticism; beyond reproach 无可批驳的；无可指责的

squeal /skwi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  a prolonged shrill sound, esp. a cry of a child or a pig (尤指小孩或猪的)长而尖的叫声 ●v.  1 intr.  make a squeal 发出长而尖的叫声 2 tr.  utter (words) with a squeal 用长而尖的声音说(话) 3 intr. slang  turn informer [俚语]告密，告发 4 intr. slang  protest loudly or excitedly [俚语]大声抗议；激动地抗议 □ squealer  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

squeamish /ˈskwi:miʃ/ adj.  1  easily nauseated or disgusted 易呕吐的；易恶心的 2  fastidious or overscrupulous in questions of propriety, honesty, etc. (礼节、诚实等方面)过于讲究的，过于拘谨的 □ squeamishly  adv.  □ squeamishness  n.   [Middle English variant of squeamous (now dialect), from Anglo-French escoymos, of unknown origin]

squeegee /ˈskwi:dʒi:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rubber-edged implement set on a handle and used for cleaning windows etc. (用于擦窗户等的)橡皮刷帚 2  a small similar instrument or roller used in photography (用于压去像片上水分的)橡皮辊 ●v. tr. (squeegees, squeegeed)  clean or scrape with a squeegee 用橡皮刷帚刷；用橡皮辊压 [squeege, strengthened form of SQUEEZE]

squeeze /skwi:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  exert pressure on from opposite or all sides, esp. in order to extract moisture or reduce size (尤指为挤出水分或缩小尺寸而)榨，榨取；挤，挤取b  compress with one's hand or between two bodies (用手)紧握；(用两块物体)挤压c  reduce the size of or alter the shape of by squeezing 用力挤压 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  extract (moisture) by squeezing 榨取(水分) 3  a tr.  force (a person or thing) into or through a small or narrow space 硬挤，硬塞b intr.  make one's way by squeezing 挤入，挤进c tr.  make (one's way) by squeezing 挤(入) 4 tr.  a  harass by exactions; extort money etc. from 压榨；榨取(金钱等)b  constrain; bring pressure to bear on 强逼；使有压力c (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out of)  obtain (money etc.) by extortion, entreaty, etc. (out of) 榨取(钱财等)；强迫…；恳求d Bridge  subject (a player) to a squeeze 【桥牌】紧逼 5 tr.  press (a person's hand) with one's own as a sign of sympathy, affection, etc. 紧握，紧抱(以示同情、喜爱等) 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  produce with effort 努力获得，勉强取得  squeezed out a tear  勉强挤出一滴泪 ●n.  1  an instance of squeezing; the state of being squeezed 榨，榨取；挤压 2  a close embrace 紧握，紧抱 3  a crowd or crowded state; a crush 拥挤的人群，拥挤的状态；挤压；被挤压 4  a small quantity produced by squeezing 榨出物，挤出物  a squeeze of lemon  榨出的一点柠檬 5  a sum of money extorted or exacted, esp. an illicit commission 榨取(或强索)的钱财(尤指非法的佣金) 6 Econ.  a restriction on borrowing, investment, etc., in a financial crisis 【经】(金融危机时借贷、投资等的)银根紧缩 7  an impression of a coin etc. taken by pressing damp paper, wax, etc., against it 压印，拓印 8 (in full 全称 squeeze play)  a Bridge  leading winning cards until an opponent is forced to discard an important card 【桥牌】(连续打出赢张迫使对手放弃一张重要的牌的)紧逼打法b Baseball  hitting a ball short to the infield to enable a runner on third base to start for home as soon as the ball is pitched 【棒球】(使跑三垒者跑回本垒的)抢分战术 □ put the squeeze on  colloq.  coerce or pressure (a person) [口]对(某人)施加压力□ squeezable  adj.  □ squeezer  n.   [earlier squise, intensive of obsolete queise, of unknown origin]

squeeze bottle n.  a flexible container whose contents are extracted by squeezing it (可用手挤出内装物品的)塑料挤瓶

squeeze-box n. colloq.  an accordion or concertina [口]六角形手风琴

squeezy /ˈskwi:zi/ adj.  1 (esp. of a bottle) flexible and able to be squeezed to force out the contents (尤指瓶子)可挤压的 2  suggestive of squeezing, esp. tight, confined, restricted 挤压的，(尤指)紧的，受限制的

squelch /skweltʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  make a sucking sound as of treading in thick mud (像在泥泞中行走的)嘎吱作响b  move with a squelching sound 嘎吱作响地移动 2 tr.  a  disconcert, silence 镇住对方，使默不作声b  stamp on, crush flat, put an end to 毁灭，压扁，消除 ●n.  1  an instance of squelching 嘎吱声 2 (in full 全称 squelch circuit) Radio  a circuit that suppresses the output of a receiver if the signal strength falls below a certain level 【无线电】静噪电路 □ squelcher  n.  □ squelchy  adj.   [imitative]

squib /skwib/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small firework burning with a hissing sound and usu. with a final explosion 小爆竹，小鞭炮 2  a short satirical composition, a lampoon 讽刺短文，讽刺文章 ●v. (squibbed, squibbing)  1 tr. Amer. Football  kick (the ball) a comparatively short distance on a kick-off; execute (a kick) in this way 【美式橄榄球】到位开(球) 2 archaic [古义]  a intr.  write lampoons 写讽刺短文b tr.  lampoon 讽刺，讥讽 [16th c.: origin unknown: perhaps imitative]

squid /skwid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any elongated fast-swimming cephalopod mollusc of the order Teuthoidea, with eight arms and two long tentacles, esp. a common edible one of the genus Loligo 枪乌贼(一种身体细长的枪乌贼属头足类软体动物，游泳速度很快，长有 8 条触手和两根长长的触须，尤指鱿鱼) 2  artificial bait for fish imitating a squid in form (釣鱼时作饵的)假乌贼 ●v. intr. (squidded, squidding)  fish with squid as bait 用假乌贼作饵钓鱼 [16th c.: origin unknown]

squidgy /ˈskwidʒi/ adj. (squidgier, squidgiest) colloq.  squashy, soggy [口]湿软的，黏湿的 [imitative]

squiffed /skwift/ adj. slang [俚语]  = SQUIFFY 

squiffy /ˈskwifi/ adj. (squiffier, squiffiest) esp. Brit. slang  slightly drunk [尤英] [俚语]微醉的 [19th c.: origin unknown]

squiggle /ˈskwiɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a short curly line, esp. in handwriting or doodling (尤指书写或涂鸦中的)花体，弯弯曲曲的线 ●v.  1 tr.  write in a squiggly manner; scrawl 潦草地书写；乱涂 2 intr.  wriggle, squirm 蠕动，扭动 □ squiggly  adj.   [imitative]

squill /skwil/ n.  1  a  a bulbous plant of the genus Scilla (hyacinth family), typically with star-shaped blue flowers 绵枣儿(一种鳞茎状植物，开星状蓝花)b (in full 全称 striped squill)  the related plant Puschkinia scilloides 绵枣儿属植物 2  a  a white-flowered Mediterranean plant, Drimia maritima (hyacinth family) Also called 亦称作 sea onion 红海葱(产于地中海的一种开白花的植物)b  an extract of the bulb of this, used in cough mixtures and other medicines (作咳嗽药等用的)海葱的鳞茎 3  a crustacean of the genus Squilla with spiny front legs like a mantis 虾蛄，螳螂虾(前腿多刺像螳螂的一种甲壳类动物) [Middle English via Latin squilla, scilla from Greek skilla]

squinch1 /skwin(t)ʃ/ n.  a straight or arched structure across an interior angle of a square tower to carry a superstructure, e.g. a dome 对角斜拱 [variant of obsolete scunch, abbreviation of SCUNCHEON]

squinch2 /skwin(t)ʃ/ v. esp. US [尤美]  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a tr.  screw up one's eyes, face, etc. 扭歪(脸)；乜斜(眼睛)b intr. (of the eyes etc.) screw up, squint (眼睛等)乜斜，斜视 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, down)  squeeze or squash compactly (使)挤紧，(使)压紧 [perhaps a blend of SQUEEZE v. + PINCH v.]

squint /skwint/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 intr.  have the eyes turned in different directions, have a squint 乜斜着眼看，瞟，瞥 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  look obliquely or with half-closed eyes 斜视；半眯着眼看 3 tr.  close (one's eyes) quickly, hold (one's eyes) half-shut 迅速地闭(眼)，半眯着(眼) ●n.  1  = STRABISMUS  2  a stealthy or sidelong glance 偷眼一瞥；斜视 3 colloq.  a glance or look [口]一瞥，一瞟  had a squint at it  瞟它一眼 4  an oblique opening through the wall of a church affording a view of the altar (教堂中可看见祭坛的)斜孔小窗，窥视窗 5  a leaning or inclination towards a particular object or aim 偏向，倾向 ●adj.  1  squinting 斜的，乜斜的 2  looking different ways 斜视的 □ squinter  n.  □ squinty  adj.   [ASQUINT: the adjective perhaps from squint-eyed from obsolete adverb squint, from ASQUINT]

squint-eyed adj.  1  squinting 患斜视的，斜眼的 2  malignant, ill-willed 怀有恶意的，怀恨在心的

squire /skwaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a country gentleman, esp. the chief landowner in a country district 乡绅，(尤指某地区的)大地主 2 hist.  a knight's attendant [史义] (骑士的)随从 3 Brit. colloq.  a jocular form of address to a man [英口]先生(对男子的诙谐称呼) 4 US  a local magistrate or judge in some rural districts [美] (乡村地区的)治安官；法官 5 Austral. [澳]  = COCKNEYn. 2  ●v. tr. (of a man) attend upon or escort (a woman) (男子)照料，护卫(女子) □ squiredom  n.  □ squirehood  n.  □ squirelet  n.  □ squireling  n.  □ squirely  adj.  □ squireship  n.   [Middle English from Old French esquier ESQUIRE]

squirearch /ˈskwaiərɑ:k/ n.  a member of the squirearchy 地主，乡绅 □ squirearchical  /-ˈrɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 squirarchical)   [back-formation from SQUIREARCHY, on the pattern of MONARCH]

squirearchy /ˈskwaiərɑ:ki/ n. (also 亦作 squirarchy) (pl. -ies)  landowners collectively, esp. as a class having political or social influence; a class or body of squires (总称)地主阶层，乡绅阶层(尤指具有政治或社会影响的阶层) [SQUIRE, on the pattern of HIERARCHY etc.]

squireen /skwaiəˈri:n/ n. Brit.  the owner of a small landed property esp. in Ireland [英] (尤指爱尔兰的)小地主，小乡绅 [SQUIRE + diminutive suffix from Irish -ín]

squirl /skwɜ:l/ n. colloq.  a flourish or twirl, esp. in handwriting [口] (尤指书写中的)花体，曲线 [perhaps from SQUIGGLE + TWIRL or WHIRL]

squirm /skwɜ:m/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  wriggle, writhe 蠕动，扭动 2  show or feel embarrassment or discomfiture 局促不安 ●n.  a squirming movement 蠕动，扭动 □ squirmer  n.  □ squirmy  adj. (squirmier, squirmiest)   [imitative, probably associated with WORM]

squirrel /ˈskwir(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any rodent of the family Sciuridae, often living in trees, with a bushy tail arching over its back 松鼠(松鼠科中一种啮齿动物，通常生活在树上，尾巴毛茸茸的，可耸拉在背上)  grey squirrel  灰松鼠 red squirrel  红松鼠 2  the fur of this animal 松鼠的毛皮 3  a person who hoards objects, food, etc. 贮藏物品(或食物等)的人 ●v. (squirrelled, squirrelling; US [美] squirreled, squirreling)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  hoard (objects, food, time, etc.) 贮藏(物品、食物、时间等)  squirrelled it away in the cupboard  把它贮藏到食品橱里 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 around)  bustle about 忙碌 [Middle English from Anglo-French esquirel, Old French esquireul, ultimately via Latin sciurus from Greek skiouros, from skia ‘shade’ + oura ‘tail’]

squirrel cage n.  1  a small cage containing a revolving cylinder like a treadmill, on which a captive squirrel may exercise (笼内装有小踏轮的)松鼠笼 2  a form of rotor used in small electric motors, resembling the cylinder of a squirrel cage (用于小电机中的)松鼠笼式装置 3  a monotonous or repetitive way of life 单调(或重复)的生活方式

squirrel grass n. (also 亦作 squirrel-tail grass)  a grass, Hordeum jubatum, with bushy spikelets 芒麦草，鼠大麦(一种结有浓密的小穗状花序的草)

squirrelly /ˈskwir(ə)li/ adj.  1  like a squirrel 松鼠似的 2  a  inclined to bustle about 忙碌的b (of a person) unpredictable, nervous, demented (人)古怪的，神经质的，疯狂的

squirrel-monkey n.  a small yellow-haired monkey, Saimiri sciureus, native to S. America 松鼠猴(产于南美的一种黄毛小猴)

squirt /skwɜ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  eject (liquid or powder) in a jet as from a syringe 喷，喷射(液体或粉末) 2 intr. (of liquid or powder) be discharged in this way (液体或粉末)喷出，喷射 3 tr.  splash with liquid or powder ejected by squirting (用液体或粉末)喷洒 ●n.  1  a  a jet of water etc. 喷出的水(等)b  a small quantity produced by squirting 喷出量，喷射量 2  a syringe 喷射器，注射器 3 colloq.  an insignificant but presumptuous person [口]无足轻重却自以为是的人 □ squirter  n.   [Middle English, imitative]

squirt gun n.  a water pistol 玩具水枪

squish /skwiʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  a slight squelching sound 嘎吱声 ●v.  1 intr.  move with a squish 嘎吱嘎吱地移动 2 tr. colloq.  squash, squeeze [口]挤扁，压扁 □ squishy  adj. (squishier, squishiest)   [imitative]

squit /skwit/ n. Brit. [英]  1 slang  a small or insignificant person [俚语]小人物，无足轻重的人 2 dial.  nonsense [方]胡说，废话 3 (the squits) dial. & colloq.  diarrhoea [方] [口]腹泻 [perhaps related to dialect squirt ‘insignificant person’, and squit ‘to squirt’]

squitch /skwitʃ/ n.  couch grass 匍匐冰草 [alteration of QUITCH]

squitters /ˈskwitəz/ n. pl. dial. & colloq.  diarrhoea [方] [口]腹泻 [perhaps f. dialect squit ‘to squirt’]

squiz /skwiz/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  a look or glance [澳新] [俚语]一看，一瞥 [probably from QUIZ2]

SR abbr. hist.  Southern Railway [缩略] [史义]南方铁路

Sr symb. Chem.  the element strontium [符]【化】(化学元素)锶

Sr. abbr. [缩略]  1  Senior 西尼尔(姓氏) 2  Señor  3  Signor  4 Eccl.  Sister 【教会】修女

sr abbr. [缩略]  steradian(s) 

Sri Lanka /ˌsri:ˈlæˌŋkə/ n.  斯里兰卡(旧称 Ceylon 锡兰) [亚洲国家]

Sri Lankan /ʃri ˈlæŋk(ə)n, sri-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), an island in the Indian Ocean 斯里兰卡人(斯里兰卡旧称锡兰，印度洋中的一个岛国) 2  a person of Sri Lankan descent 斯里兰卡人 ●adj.  of or relating to Sri Lanka or its people 斯里兰卡的，斯里兰卡人的

SRN abbr. (in the UK) State Registered Nurse [缩略] (英国)国家注册护士

SRO abbr. [缩略]  1  standing room only 只有站票(剧院和车辆售票处用语) 2 Finance  self-regulatory organization 【金融】自我调节机构 3  Statutory Rules and Orders 法定规定与命令

SS abbr. [缩略]  1  Saints 圣人，圣徒 2  steamship  3 hist.  Nazi special police force [史义] (纳粹的)党卫军 [sense 3 from German SchutzStaffel]

SSAFA abbr. (in the UK) Soldiers', Sailors', and Airmen's Families Association [缩略] (英国)陆海空三军士兵家属协会

SSC abbr. [缩略]  1 (in Scotland) Solicitor in the Supreme Court (苏格兰)最高法院的律师 2  Superconducting Super Collider 超导超级对撞机

SSE abbr. [缩略]  south-south-east 

SSP abbr. (in the UK) statutory sick pay [缩略] (英国)法定病假工资

SSRC abbr. (in the UK) Social Science Research Council [缩略] (英国)社会科学研究委员会

SSSI abbr. (in the UK) Site of Special Scientific Interest [缩略] (英国)特别科学兴趣场地

SST abbr.  supersonic transport [缩略]超音速运输机

SSW abbr. [缩略]  south-south-west 

St abbr. [缩略]  1  Saint  2  stokes 

St. abbr. [缩略]  Street 

st. abbr. [缩略]  1  stone (in weight) 英石(重量单位) 2 Cricket  stumped by 【板球】撞倒柱子退场

-st var.  of -EST2  -EST2 的变体

Sta. abbr. [缩略]  Station 

stab /stæb/ v. & n. ●v. (stabbed, stabbing)  1 tr.  pierce or wound with a (usu. short) pointed tool or weapon e.g. a knife or dagger (用刀或短剑等武器)刺，戳，刺伤，戳伤 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  aim a blow with such a weapon 刺，戳 3 intr.  cause a sensation like being stabbed 使有刺痛感  stabbing pain  刺痛 4 tr.  hurt or distress (a person, feelings, conscience, etc.) 伤害(人、感情、良心等) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  aim a blow at a person's reputation, etc. 中伤(人的名誉等) ●n.  1  a  an instance of stabbing 刺伤，戳伤b  a blow or thrust with a knife etc. (用刀等的)刺，戳 2  a wound made in this way 刺破的伤口 3  a sharply painful physical or mental sensation (身体或精神的)一阵剧痛 4 colloq.  an attempt, a try [口]试图，尝试 □ stabber  n.  □ stabbing  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

Stabat Mater /stɑ:bæt ˈmɑ:tə, steibæt ˈmeitə/ n.  1  a Latin hymn on the suffering of the Virgin Mary at the Crucifixion 圣母悼歌(耶稣受难日颂唱圣母马利亚所受的苦难的拉丁文圣歌) 2  a musical setting for this 圣母悼歌的音乐背景 [the opening words, Latin Stabat mater dolorosa ‘Stood the mother, full of grief’]

stabilator /ˈsteibileitə/ n.  a combined stabilizer and elevator at the tail of an aircraft (飞机尾部的)稳定装置和升降舵的组合部件

stabile /ˈsteibail/ n.  a rigid, free-standing abstract sculpture or structure of wire, sheet metal, etc. (用金属丝、金属板等构成的)固定抽象雕塑 [Latin stabilis STABLE1, on the pattern of MOBILE]

stability /stəˈbiliti/ n.  the quality or state of being stable 稳定，稳定性 [Middle English via Old French stableté from Latin stabilitas, from stabilis STABLE1]

stabilize /ˈsteibilaiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or become stable (使)稳定，(使)稳固 □ stabilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

stabilizer /ˈsteibilaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser) a device or substance used to keep something stable, esp. 稳定器，稳定物，(尤指):  1  a gyroscopic device to prevent rolling of a ship (船的)减摇装置 2 N. Amer.  the horizontal tailplane of an aircraft [北美] (飞机的)水平尾翼 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit.  a pair of small wheels fitted to the rear wheel of a child's bicycle [英] (儿童自行车后轮两侧小的)平衡轮 4  a substance which prevents the breakdown of emulsions, esp. as a food additive maintaining texture 稳定剂(尤用作食品添加剂)

stab in the back n. & v. ●n.  a treacherous or slanderous attack 背后中伤，暗箭伤人 ●v. tr.  slander or betray 诽谤；背叛

stable1 /ˈsteib(ə)l/ adj. (stabler, stablest)  1  firmly fixed or established; not easily adjusted, destroyed, or altered 稳定的；稳固的，牢固的  a stable structure  稳定的结构 a stable government  稳定的政府 2  a  firm, resolute; not wavering or fickle 坚定的；坚决的；不动摇的  a stable and steadfast friend  坚定不移的朋友b  mentally and emotionally sound, sane and sensible 稳重的，持重的 3 Chem. (of a compound) not readily decomposing 【化】(化合物)稳定的 4 Physics (of an isotope) not subject to radioactive decay 【物理学】(同位素)不受放射性衰减影响的 5  in a stable medical condition after an injury, operation, etc. (受伤、手术等后)病情稳定的 □ stably  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French stable, Old French estable from Latin stabilis, from stare ‘stand’]

stable2 /ˈsteib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building set apart and adapted for keeping horses 马厩，马棚 2  an establishment where racehorses are kept and trained 赛马训练场 3  the racehorses of a particular stable (某一马厩里的)赛马 4  persons, products, etc., having a common origin or affiliation 有共同出身(或关系)的人(或产品等) 5  such an origin or affiliation 共同的出身；共同的关系 ●v. tr.  put or keep (a horse) in a stable 把(马)关(或养)在马厩里 □ stableful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English via Old French estable from Latin stabulum, from stare ‘stand’]

stable boy n.  a boy employed in a stable 小马倌，马童

stable companion n.  1  a horse of the same stable 同一马厩的马 2  a person or product from the same source; a member of the same organization 同一来源的产品；同一组织的成员，志同道合的人

stable door n.  1  the door of a stable, divided into two parts horizontally allowing one half to be shut and the other left open (马厩里上下两部分可以分别开关的)两截门 2  this as the door of a house etc. (房屋等的)两截门

stable equilibrium n.  a state in which a body when disturbed tends to return to equilibrium 稳定平衡

stable girl n.  a girl or woman employed in a stable 女马童；女马倌

stable lad n. Brit.  a person employed in a stable [英]马倌，马夫

stableman /ˈsteib(ə)lmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person employed in a stable 马倌，马夫

stablemate /ˈsteib(ə)lmeit/ n.  = STABLE COMPANION 

stabling /ˈsteibliŋ/ n.  accommodation for horses 马厩，马舍

stablish /ˈstæbliʃ/ v. tr. archaic  fix firmly; establish; set up [古义]固定；建立；设立 [variant of ESTABLISH]

staccato /stəˈkɑ:təʊ/ adv., adj. & n. esp. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj.  with each sound or note sharply detached or separated from the others (cf. 参见 LEGATO, TENUTO) 断断续续的，不连贯的；断音的，断奏的 ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a staccato passage in music etc. 断奏的乐章 2  staccato delivery or presentation 不连贯的东西(或表述) [Italian, past part. of staccare = distaccare DETACH]

staccato mark n.  a dot or stroke above or below a note, indicating that it is to be played staccato 断音记号，断奏记号

stack /stæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a pile or heap, esp. in orderly arrangement (尤指整齐的)一堆，一叠 2  a circular or rectangular pile of hay, straw, etc., or of grain in sheaf, often with a sloping thatched top, a rick (稻草、麦杆等的)堆，垛 3 colloq.  a large quantity [口]大量，许多  a stack of work  大量的工作 has stacks of money  有许多钱 4  a  = CHIMNEY STACK b  = SMOKESTACK c  a tall factory chimney (工厂的)大烟囱 5 esp. Brit.  a stacked group of aircraft [尤英]分层盘旋的(飞)机群 6 (also 亦作 stack-room)  a part of a library where books are compactly stored, esp. one to which the public does not have direct access (尤指公众无法直接进入的图书馆的)藏书书架，书库 7 Computing  a set of storage locations which store data in such a way that the most recently stored item is the first to be retrieved 【计算】栈式存储器，堆栈存储器 8  a vertical arrangement of hi-fi or public-address equipment (高保真音响或扩音设备)垂直 9 Brit.  a tall column of rock esp. off the coast of Scotland and the Orkneys [英] (尤指苏格兰和奥克尼沿海矗立于海面的)岩柱 10  a pyramidal group of rifles, a pile (几支步枪支起的)三角枪架 11 Brit.  a measure for a pile of wood of 108 cu. ft (3.06 cubic metres) [英]堆，垛(木材计量单位，相当于 108 立方英尺 (3.06 立方米)) ●v. tr.  1  pile in a stack or stacks 堆成堆，堆成垛 2  a  arrange (cards) secretly for cheating 洗(牌)作弊b  manipulate (circumstances etc.) to one's advantage 操纵(局势等)使利于自己 3  cause (aircraft) to fly round the same point at different levels while waiting to land at an airport 使(等待着陆的飞机)作定高分层盘旋 □ stack arms  hist. [史义]  = pile arms □ stack up  N. Amer. colloq.  present oneself, measure up [北美口]出席，到场；达到标准□ stackable  adj.  □ stacker  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse stakkr ‘haystack’, from Germanic]

stacked /stækt/ adj.  1  a  put into a stack or stacks 堆成堆的，堆成垛的b  piled with goods etc. 堆满货物(等)的 2 (of odds) biased, esp. unfavourably (机会、可能性)有偏向的，(尤指)不利的 3 (of a woman) having an attractive figure, esp. a prominent bust (女子)体态迷人的，(尤指)胸部丰满的

stack-yard n.  an enclosure for stacks of hay, straw, etc. 堆谷场，干草堆场

staddle /ˈstæd(ə)l/ n.  a platform or framework supporting a rick etc. 干草堆的底部，干草垫架 [Old English stathol ‘base’ from Germanic: related to STAND]

staddle-stone n.  a usu. mushroom-shaped stone supporting a staddle or rick etc. 干草堆垫石

stadium /ˈsteidiəm/ n. (pl. stadiums)  1  an athletic or sports ground with tiers of seats for spectators (设有看台的)露天体育场 2 (pl. stadiums or stadia /-diə/) Antiq. [古]  a  a course for a foot race or chariot race (竞走或马车比赛的)赛场b  a measure of length, about 185 metres 斯塔德(长度单位，约 185 米) 3  a stage or period of development etc. (发展等的)阶段，时期 [Middle English via Latin from Greek stadion]

stadtholder /ˈstæthəʊldə, ˈstæd-/ n. (also 亦作 stadholder) hist. [史义]  1  the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (荷兰联省的)执政者 2  the viceroy or governor of a province or town in the Netherlands (荷兰的)省长，总督 □ stadtholdership  n.   [Dutch stadhouder ‘deputy’, from stad STEAD + houder HOLDER, translating medieval Latin LOCUM TENENS]

staff1 /stɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a stick or pole for use in walking or climbing or as a weapon 拐杖，棍棒b  a stick or pole as a sign of office or authority 权杖，官杖；指挥棒；警棍c  a person or thing that supports or sustains 支柱，支撑d  a flagstaff 旗杆e Surveying  a rod for measuring distances, heights, etc. 【测量学】标尺，标杆f Brit.  a token given to an engine driver on a single-track railway as authority to proceed over a given section of line [英] (铁道的)路签g Brit.  a spindle in a watch [英] (钟表的)小轴杆 2  a  a body of persons employed in a business etc. 全体职员，全体雇员  editorial staff of a newspaper  一家报纸的全体编辑人员b  those in authority within an organization, esp. the teachers in a school (尤指)全体教员c Mil.  etc. a body of officers assisting an officer in high command and concerned with an army, regiment, fleet, or air force as a whole 【军】全体参谋人员，参谋机构  general staff  总参谋部d (usu. 通常作 Staff) Mil.  = STAFF SERGEANT  3 (pl. staffs or staves /steivz/) Mus.  a set of usu. five parallel lines on any one or between any adjacent two of which a note is placed to indicate its pitch 【音】五线谱 ●v. tr.  provide (an institution etc.) with staff 为(机构等)配备人员 □ staffed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English stœf, from Germanic]

staff2 /stɑ:f/ n.  a mixture of plaster of Paris, cement, etc., as a temporary building material 纤维灰浆 [19th c.: origin unknown]

staffage /stəˈfɑ:ʒ/ n.  accessory items in a painting, esp. figures or animals in a landscape picture 画中的陪衬物(尤指风景画中的人或动物) [German from staffieren ‘decorate’, perhaps from Old French estoffer: see STUFF]

staff college n. Brit. Mil.  etc. a college at which officers are trained for staff duties [英]【军】参谋学院

staffer /ˈstɑ:fə/ n. US  a member of a staff, esp. of a newspaper [美]职员(尤指报纸的编辑和记者)

staff notation n. Mus.  notation by means of a staff, esp. as distinct from tonic sol-fa 【音】(尤指有别于唱名记谱法的)五线谱标记法

staff nurse n. Brit.  a nurse ranking just below a sister [英] (比护士长低一级的)医院护士

staff officer n. Mil.  an officer serving on the staff of an army etc. 【军】参谋

Staffordshire bull terrier /ˈstæfədʃə/ n.  a dog of a small stocky breed of terrier, with a short broad head and dropped ears 斯塔福德猎狗(一种矮而结实的小猎狗，头短而宽，耳朵向下耸拉) [Staffordshire, a county in the north midlands of England]

staffroom /ˈstɑ:fru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a common room for staff, esp. in a school (尤指学校里的)教师休息室 2  the staff themselves 全体职员

Staffs. abbr.  Staffordshire [缩略]斯塔福德郡

staff sergeant n.  1 Brit.  the senior sergeant of a non-infantry company [英]陆军上士 2 US  a non-commissioned officer ranking just above sergeant [美]参谋军士(略高于军士)

stag /stæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an adult male deer, esp. one with a set of antlers (尤指有鹿角的)成年雄鹿 2 Brit. Stock Exch.  a person who applies for shares of a new issue with a view to selling at once for a profit [英]【股】认购股票又转手出卖牟利的人，炒买炒卖股票的人 3  a man who attends a social gathering unaccompanied by a woman 不带女伴参加社交聚会者 ●v. tr. (stagged, stagging) Brit. Stock Exch.  deal in (shares) as a stag [英]【股】炒买炒卖(股票) [Middle English, probably from Old English and related to Old Norse steggr, steggi ‘male bird’]

stag beetle n.  any beetle of the family Lucanidae, the male of which has large branched mandibles resembling a stag's antlers 鹿角锹甲虫(鞘翅科的一种甲虫，其雄性甲虫长有像鹿角似的枝状大下颌)

stage /steidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a point or period in a process or development 阶段，时期  reached a critical stage  到了一个关键阶段 is in the larval stage  正处于幼虫期 2  a  a raised floor or platform, esp. one on which plays etc. are performed before an audience 高台，(尤指)舞台b (prec. by 前接 the)  the acting or theatrical profession; the art of writing or presenting plays 戏剧，戏剧工作；戏剧艺术c  the scene of action (活动)场所，(活动)舞台  the stage of politics  政治舞台d  = LANDING STAGE  3  a  a regular stopping place on a route 站，驿站b  the distance between two stopping places 驿站间距离c Brit. [英]  = FARE STAGE  4  a section of a rocket with a separate engine, jettisoned when its propellant is exhausted (火箭的)级 5 Geol.  a range of strata forming a subdivision of a series 【地质】(地层或岩层的)阶，期 6 Electronics  a single amplifying transistor or valve with the associated equipment 【电子学】(放大晶体管的一)级；单向阀 7  a raised plate on which an object is placed for inspection through a microscope (显微镜的)镜台 ●v. tr.  1  present (a play etc.) on stage 演出，上演(一部戏剧等) 2  arrange the occurrence of 举办，举行，筹划，谋划  staged a demonstration  举行示威 staged a comeback  卷土重来 □ go on the stage   become an actor 当演员□ hold the stage   dominate a conversation etc. 控制谈话(等)□ set the stage  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  prepare the way or conditions for (an event etc.) 为(某事件等)做好准备，创造条件□ stageable  adj.  □ stageability  /-dʒəˈbiliti/ n.  □ stager  n.   [Middle English from Old French estage ‘dwelling’, ultimately from Latin stare ‘stand’]

stagecoach /ˈsteidʒkəʊtʃ/ n. hist.  a large closed horse-drawn coach running regularly by stages between two places [史义] (在两地之间沿固定路线往返的)驿站马车

stagecraft /ˈsteidʒkrɑ:ft/ n.  skill or experience in writing or staging plays 编剧(或演剧)才能(或经验)

stage direction n.  an instruction in the text of a play as to the movement, position, tone, etc., of an actor, or sound effects etc. (剧本中的)舞台指导(对演员的动作、位置、语气或音响效果等进行指导)

stage door n.  an actors' and workmen's entrance from the street to a theatre behind the stage (供演职员进出的)后台入口

stage effect n.  1  an effect produced in acting or on the stage 舞台效果 2  an artificial or theatrical effect produced in real life (现实生活中的)戏剧效果

stage fright n.  nervousness before or during an appearance before an audience (演员上场前后的)怯场

stagehand /ˈsteidʒhænd/ n.  a person handling scenery etc. during a performance on stage (演出中操纵布景等的)后台工作人员

stage left adv.  on the left side of the stage, facing the audience (面对观众的)舞台左侧

stage-manage v. tr.  1  be the stage-manager of 担任…的舞台监督 2  arrange and control for effect 幕后安排和指挥

stage manager n.  the person responsible for lighting and other mechanical arrangements for a play etc. 舞台监督 □ stage management  n.  

stage name n.  a name assumed for professional purposes by an actor (演员的)艺名

stage play n.  a play performed on stage rather than broadcast etc. 舞台表演，舞台演出

stage right adv.  on the right side of the stage, facing the audience (面对观众的)舞台右侧

stage rights n. pl.  exclusive rights to perform a particular play (剧本的)上演权，演出权

stage-struck adj.  filled with an inordinate desire to go on the stage 醉心于舞台生涯的，渴望当演员的

stage whisper n.  1  an aside 旁白 2  a loud whisper meant to be heard by people other than the one addressed (有意让他人听见的)大声低语

stagey var.  of STAGY  STAGY 的变体

stagflation /stæɡˈfleiʃ(ə)n/ n. Econ.  a state of inflation without a corresponding increase of demand and employment 【经】滞胀(同时存在通货膨胀和高失业率的经济状况) [STAGNATION (as STAGNATE) + INFLATION]

stagger /ˈstæɡə/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  walk unsteadily, totter 摇晃，蹒跚b tr.  cause to totter 使摇晃，使蹒跚  was staggered by the blow  被揍得摇摇晃晃 2  a tr.  shock, confuse; cause to hesitate or waver 使吃惊；使困惑；使犹豫；使动摇  the question staggered them  这个问题使他们困惑 they were staggered at the suggestion  他们在这个建议面前动摇了b intr.  hesitate; waver in purpose 犹豫；动摇 3 tr.  arrange (events, hours of work, etc.) so that they do not coincide 使(事件、工作时间等)交错(或错开) 4 tr.  arrange (objects) so that they are not in line, esp. 安排(物体)以错开，(尤指):a  arrange (a road-crossing) so that the side roads are not in line 使道路错开b  set (the spokes of a wheel) to incline alternately to right and left 使(轮子的辐条)左右交错 ●n.  1  a tottering movement 摇晃，蹒跚 2  an overhanging or slantwise or zigzag arrangement of like parts in a structure etc. 交错，错开 □ staggerer  n.   [alteration of Middle English stacker (now dialect) from Old Norse stakra, frequentative of staka ‘push, stagger’]

staggering /ˈstæɡ(ə)riŋ/ adj.  1  astonishing, bewildering 令人吃惊的，令人困惑的 2  that staggers 摇晃的，蹒跚的 □ staggeringly  adv.  

staggers /ˈstæɡəz/ n.  1  any of various parasitic or deficiency diseases of farm animals marked by staggering or loss of balance (由寄生虫或缺乏营养引起的)家畜蹒跚病，家畜眩晕病 2  giddiness 眩晕

stag-horn n. (also 亦作 stag's horn)  1  the horn of a stag, used to make knife handles, etc. (用作刀柄等的)鹿角 2  any of various ferns, esp. of the genus Platycerium, having fronds like antlers (叶片似鹿角的)石松

staghound /ˈstæɡhaʊnd/ n.  1  any large dog of a breed used for hunting deer by sight or scent 猎鹿犬 2  this breed 猎鹿犬品种

staging /ˈsteidʒiŋ/ n.  1  the presentation of a play etc. (剧本等的)上演 2  a  a platform or support or scaffolding, esp. temporary (尤指临时的)台架；脚手架b Brit.  shelves for plants in a greenhouse [英] (温室中放置植物的)花架，台架

staging area n.  an intermediate assembly point for troops in transit (部队转移时的)集结待命区

staging post n.  a regular stopping place, esp. on an air route 中途站，(尤指飞机的)中途机场

stagnant /ˈstæɡnənt/ adj.  1 (of liquid) motionless, having no current (液体)不流动的，停滞的 2 (of life, action, the mind, business, a person) showing no activity, dull, sluggish (生活、行动、思想、生意、人)不活跃的，死气沉沉的，停滞的 □ stagnancy  n.  □ stagnantly  adv.   [Latin stagnare stagnant- from stagnum ‘pool’]

stagnate /stæɡˈneit, ˈstæɡneit/ v. intr.  be or become stagnant 不流动，停滞；呆滞，萧条 □ stagnation  n.  

stag-night n. (also 亦作 stag-party)  an all-male celebration, esp. in honour of a man about to marry (尤指为即将结婚的男子举行的)男子聚会

stag's horn var.  of STAG-HORN  STAG-HORN 的变体

stagy /ˈsteidʒi/ adj. (also 亦作 stagey) (stagier, stagiest)  theatrical, artificial, exaggerated 演戏似的，矫揉造作的，夸张的 □ stagily  adv.  □ staginess  n.  

staid /steid/ adj.  of quiet and steady character; sedate 性格沉着的，稳重的；安静的，安祥的 □ staidly  adv.  □ staidness  n.   [= stayed, past part. of STAY1]

stain /stein/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  discolour or be discoloured by the action of liquid sinking in 沾污；染污 2 tr.  sully, blemish, spoil, damage (a reputation, character, etc.) 玷污，败坏，损害(名誉、品格等) 3 tr.  colour (wood, glass, etc.) by a process other than painting or covering the surface 给(木材、玻璃等)染色(或着色) 4 tr.  impregnate (a specimen) for microscopic examination with colouring matter that makes the structure visible by being deposited in some parts more than in others 把(标本)染色(以便在显微镜下观察) 5 tr.  print colours on (wallpaper) 在(墙纸)上印色 ●n.  1  a discoloration, a spot or mark caused esp. by contact with foreign matter and not easily removed (尤指接触其他东西时沾上的不易去除的)污点，污迹  a cloth covered with tea-stains  沾满了茶叶污迹的一块布 2  a  a blot or blemish 污点，缺点b  damage to a reputation etc. (名誉等的)损害  a stain on one's character  品格上的暇疵 3  a substance used in staining 染色剂，着色剂 □ stainable  adj.  □ stainer  n.   [Middle English from distain, from Old French desteindre desteign- (as DIS-, TINGE)]

stained glass n.  dyed or coloured glass, esp. in a lead framework in a window also, with hyphen 亦加连字符作 attrib.: stained-glass window  有色玻璃窗，彩色玻璃窗 有色玻璃，彩色玻璃

stainless /ˈsteinlis/ adj.  1 (esp. of a reputation) without stains (尤指名声)无暇的，无污点的 2  not liable to stain 不易生锈的

stainless steel n.  an iron alloy containing chromium and resistant to tarnishing and rust, esp. steel containing 11 to 14 per cent chromium, used for cutlery etc. 不锈钢，不锈合金(尤指含有 11% 至 14% 铬的钢，用于制作餐具等)

stair /stɛə/ n.  1  each of a set of fixed steps, esp. in a building 梯级  on the top stair but one  最上面的第二级 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a set of such steps 楼梯  passed him on the stairs  在楼梯上与他擦肩而过 down a winding stair  走下旋转楼梯 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a landing stage 浮动平台 [Old English stœˉger, from Germanic]

staircase /ˈstɛəkeis/ n.  1  a flight of stairs and the supporting structure 楼梯 2 Brit.  a part of a building containing a staircase [英]楼梯间

stairhead /ˈstɛəhed/ n. esp. Brit.  a level space at the top of stairs [尤英]楼梯顶

stairlift /ˈstɛəlift/ n.  a lift in the form of a chair built into a domestic staircase for carrying an elderly or disabled person up and down stairs (老年人或残疾人使用的椅子式的)家庭升降梯

stair-rod n.  a rod for securing a carpet in the angle between two steps (使地毯在两梯级间转角处平伏紧贴的)楼梯毯棍

stairway /ˈstɛəwei/ n.  1  a flight of stairs, a staircase 楼梯 2  the way up this 阶梯

stairwell /ˈstɛəwel/ n.  the shaft in which a staircase is built 楼梯井

staithe /steið/ n. Brit.  a wharf, esp. a waterside coal depot equipped for loading vessels [英] (煤炭等的)装卸转运码头 [Middle English via Old Norse stöth ‘landing stage’ from Germanic: related to STAND]

stake1 /steik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stout stick or post sharpened at one end and driven into the ground as a support, boundary mark, etc. 桩，标桩，篱笆桩 2 hist. [史义]  a  the post to which a person was tied to be burnt alive 火刑柱b (prec. by 前接 the)  death by burning as a punishment 火刑  was condemned to the stake  被判处火刑 3  a long vertical rod in basket-making (竹编篮子的)竖向基杆 4  a metalworker's small anvil fixed on a bench by a pointed prop (铁匠用的)小铁砧 ●v. tr.  1  fasten, secure, or support with a stake or stakes 把…系于桩上，用桩支撑 2 (foll. by 后跟 off, out)  mark off (an area) with stakes 立桩标出…的界限；用桩把…围起 3  state or establish (a claim) 立界标以表明(所有权) □ pull (or pull up) stakes   depart; go to live elsewhere 离开；搬家，迁址□ stake out  colloq. [口]  1  place under surveillance 监视 2  place (a person) to maintain surveillance 派(人)进行监视 [Old English staca from West Germanic: related to STICK2]

stake2 /steik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sum of money etc. wagered on an event, esp. deposited with a stakeholder 赌金，赌本 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  an interest or concern, esp. financial 利害关系 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  money offered as a prize esp. in a horse race (尤指赛马的)奖金，奖品b  such a race 有奖比赛，争夺赛  maiden stakes  为未得过奖的马举行的赛马 trial stakes  有奖赛马的预赛 ●v. tr.  1  a  wager 以…打赌  staked £ 5 on the next race  对下场比赛押 5 英镑赌注b  risk 拿…冒险  staked everything on convincing him  愿冒一切风险去说服他 2 US colloq.  give financial or other support to [美口]资助；支持 □ at stake   1  risked, to be won or lost 在危险中，在危急关头  life itself is at stake  生命本身遭到威胁 2  at issue, in question 有争议，成问题□ staker  n.   [Middle English: perhaps from STAKE1, from placing an object as a wager on a post or stake]

stake-boat n.  a boat anchored to mark the course for a boat race etc. (竞赛时的)标柱艇

stake-body n. (pl. -ies) US  a body for a lorry etc. having a flat open platform with removable posts along the sides [美] (卡车的)带桩杆平板车身

stakebuilding /ˈsteikbildiŋ/ n. Stock Exch.  the building up of a shareholding 【股】股权的建立

stakeholder /ˈsteikhəʊldə/ n.  1  an independent party with whom each of those who make a wager deposits the money etc. wagered 赌金保管者 2  a person with an interest or concern in something, esp. a business 利益共享者

stake-net n.  a fishing net hung on stakes 定置刺网，定桩刺网

stake-out n. colloq.  a period of surveillance [口]监视期

Stakhanovite /stəˈkɑ:nəvait/ n.  a worker (esp. in the former USSR) who is exceptionally productive or zealous (尤指前苏联)斯达汉诺夫工作者(指生产效率高或极为热忱的人) □ Stakhanovism  /-viz(ə)m/ n.  □ Stakhanovist  /-vist/ n. & adj.   [from the name of A. G. Stakhanov, Russian coal miner d. 1977]

stalactite /ˈstæləktait/ n.  a tapering deposit of calcite hanging down like an icicle from the roof of a cave, cliff overhang, etc., formed by dripping water 钟乳石 □ stalactic  /-ˈlæktik/ adj.  □ stalactiform  /-ˈlæktifɔ:m/ adj.  □ stalactitic  /-ˈtitik/ adj.   [modern Latin stalactites from Greek stalaktos ‘dripping’, from stalassō ‘to drip’]

Stalag /ˈstælæɡ, ˈʃtælæk/ n. hist.  a German prison camp, esp. for non-commissioned officers and privates [史义]战俘集中营 [German, from Stamm ‘base, main stock’, Lager ‘camp’]

stalagmite /ˈstæləɡmait/ n.  a mound or tapering column of calcite rising from the floor of a cave etc., deposited by dripping water and often uniting with a stalactite 石笋 □ stalagmitic  /-ˈmitik/ adj.   [modern Latin stalagmites from Greek stalagma ‘a drop’, from stalassō (as STALACTITE)]

stale1 /steil/ adj. & v. ●adj. (staler, stalest)  1  a  not fresh, not quite new 不新鲜的，走味的  stale bread is best for toast  不新鲜的面包最好烤成片b  musty, insipid, or otherwise the worse for age or use 霉臭的，没有味道的 2  trite or unoriginal 陈腐的，无趣味的，没有新意的  a stale joke  老笑话 stale news  旧闻 3 (of an athlete or other performer) having ability impaired by excessive exertion or practice (运动员或其他表演者)疲沓的，没有生气的 4 Law (esp. of a claim) having been left dormant for an unreasonably long time 【法律】(因不行使权利而)过期失效的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become stale 变陈旧，走味，变得疲沓，失去时效 □ stalely  adv.  □ staleness  n.   [Middle English, probably from Anglo-French & Old French from estaler ‘halt’: cf. STALL1]

stale2 /steil/ n. & v. ●n.  the urine of horses and cattle (牛马的)尿 ●v. intr. (esp. of horses and cattle) urinate (尤指牛马)撒尿 [Middle English, perhaps from Old French estaler ‘adopt a position’ (cf. STALE1)]

stalemate /ˈsteilmeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Chess  a position counting as a draw, in which a player is not in check but cannot move except into check 【棋类】僵局 2  a deadlock or drawn contest 僵棋，和棋 ●v. tr.  1 Chess  bring (a player) to a stalemate 【棋类】使(棋手)陷入僵局，使(棋手)束手无策 2  bring to a standstill 使成僵局，使相持不下 [obsolete stale (from Anglo-French estale from estaler ‘be placed’: cf. STALE1) + MATE2]

Stalinism /ˈstɑ:liniz(ə)m/ n.  the policies followed by Stalin in the government of the former USSR 斯大林主义 □ Stalinist  n. & adj.   [from the name of J. V. Stalin (Dzhugashvili), Soviet statesman d. 1953]

stalk1 /stɔ:k/ n.  1  the main stem of a herbaceous plant (草本植物的)茎，秆 2  the slender attachment or support of a leaf, flower, fruit, etc. (叶的)柄，(花、果等的)梗 3  a similar support for an organ etc. in an animal (支撑动物器官等的)肉柄，肉茎 4  a slender support or linking shaft in a machine, object, etc., e.g. the stem of a wineglass 柄，柄状物(如葡萄酒杯的脚) 5  the tall chimney of a factory etc. (工厂等的)高烟囱 □ stalked  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ stalkless  adj.  □ stalklet  n.  □ stalklike  adj.  □ stalky  adj.   [Middle English stalke, probably diminutive of (now dialect) stale ‘rung of a ladder, long handle’, from Old English stalu]

stalk2 /stɔ:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  pursue or approach (game, prey, or an enemy) stealthily 暗中追踪，暗中靠近(猎物或敌人)b intr.  steal up to game under cover 潜随，潜近(猎物) 2 intr.  stride, walk in a stately or haughty manner 昂首阔步，大踏步走 3 tr. formal or literary  move silently or threateningly through (a place) [正式] [文学用语]偷偷接近，悄悄移动  fear stalked the streets  恐惧悄悄地在街道上蔓延 ●n.  1  the stalking of game (对猎物的)潜随，潜近 2  an imposing gait 昂首阔步 [Old English from Germanic: related to STEAL]

stalker /ˈstɔ:kə/ n.  1  a person who stalks game 偷偷追捕猎物者 2  a person who stalks people, esp. a fan of a public figure who pesters him or her obsessively (尤指)追星者，追星族

stalk-eyed adj. (of crabs, snails, etc.) having the eyes mounted on stalks (蟹、蜗牛等)有柄眼的

stalking-horse n.  1  a horse or screen behind which a hunter is concealed 掩护马(猎人潜近猎物时用作掩护的真马或掩蔽物) 2  a pretext concealing one's real intentions or actions (掩饰某人真实意图或行动的)托词，借口 3  a weak political candidate who forces an election in the hope of a more serious contender coming forward (在竞选中为分化对方力量或掩护己方主要候选人而推出的)掩护性候选人

stall1 /stɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a trader's stand or booth in a market etc., or out of doors (市场或户外等的)货摊，摊位b  a compartment in a building for the sale of goods (大楼里分隔的)售货间c  a table in this on which goods are displayed 商品陈列柜台 2  a  a stable or cow-house 马厩；牛棚b  a compartment for one animal in this (马厩或牛棚内的)隔栏，分隔间 3  a  a fixed seat in the choir or chancel of a church, more or less enclosed at the back and sides and often canopied, esp. one appropriated to a clergyman (教堂里通常封闭的)牧师席  canon's stall  大教堂教士席 dean's stall  地方主教席b  the office or dignity of a canon etc. (大教堂教士等的)职位，地位 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit.  each of a set of seats in a theatre, usu. on the ground floor [英] (剧院的)正厅前排座位 5  a  a compartment for one person in a shower-room, lavatory, etc. (浴室、厕所等的)分隔间b  a compartment for one horse at the start of a race (赛马开始前各匹马站位的)单间马房 6  a  the stalling of an engine or aircraft (发动机的)熄火；(飞机的)失速b  the condition resulting from this 熄火状态；失速状态 7  a receptacle or sheath for one object (各种用途的)护套  finger-stall  手指套 ●v.  1  a intr. (of a motor vehicle or its engine) stop because of an overload on the engine or an inadequate supply of fuel to it (汽车)抛锚；(发动机)熄火b intr. (of an aircraft or its pilot) reach a condition where the speed is too low to allow effective operation of the controls (飞机或飞行员)失速c tr.  cause (an engine or vehicle or aircraft) to stall 使(发动机)熄火；使(汽车)抛锚；使(飞机)失速 2 tr.  a  put or keep (cattle etc.) in a stall or stalls esp. for fattening (尤指为使之增肥而)把(牛等)关在厩中  a stalled ox  一头关在棚中增肥的公牛b  furnish (a stable etc.) with stalls 把(牲畜棚等)分成隔间 3 intr. esp. US  stick fast as in mud or snow [尤美]陷入泥地(或雪地等中) [Old English steall from Germanic, related to STAND: in some senses partly via Old French estal from Frankish]

stall2 /stɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  play for time when being questioned etc. (被追问时)支吾，拖延 2 tr.  delay, obstruct, block 推迟，妨碍，阻碍 ●n.  the act or an instance of stalling 拖延，托辞，借口 □ stall off   evade or deceive 回避；欺骗 [originally ‘to act as a decoy or accomplice’: stall ‘pickpocket's confederate’ from Anglo-French estal(e), probably related to STALL1]

stallage /ˈstɔ:lidʒ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  space for a stall or stalls in a market etc. (市场等中的)摆摊用地 2  the rent for such a stall (摊位的)租金 3  the right to erect such a stall 摆摊权 [Middle English from Old French estalage, from estal STALL1]

stall-feed v. tr.  fatten (cattle) in a stall 把(牛)关在厩中养肥

stallholder /ˈstɔ:lhəʊldə/ n. Brit.  a person in charge of a stall at a market etc. [英] (市场等处的)摊贩，租用摊位者

stallion /ˈstæljən/ n.  an uncastrated adult male horse, esp. one kept for breeding 牡马(尤指种马) [Middle English from Old French estalon, ultimately from a Germanic root related to STALL1]

stalwart /ˈstɔ:lwət, ˈstæl-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  strongly built, sturdy 健壮的，结实的 2  courageous, resolute, determined 勇敢的，坚定的，坚决的  stalwart supporters  坚定的支持者 ●n.  a stalwart person, esp. a loyal uncompromising partisan 坚定分子(尤指某党派的忠实拥护者) □ stalwartly  adv.  □ stalwartness  n.   [Scots variant of obsolete stalworth from Old English stœˉlwierthe, from stœˉl ‘place’, WORTH]

stamen /ˈsteimen/ n.  the male fertilizing organ of a flowering plant, including the anther containing pollen 雄蕊(开花植物的雄性繁殖器官，长有包含花粉的花粉囊) □ staminiferous  /stæmiˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin stamen staminis ‘warp in an upright loom, thread’]

stamina /ˈstæminə/ n.  the ability to endure prolonged physical or mental strain; staying power, power of endurance 精力；耐力，持久力 [Latin, pl. of STAMEN in the sense ‘warp, threads spun by the Fates’]

staminate /ˈstæminət/ adj. Bot. (of a plant or flower) having stamens, esp. stamens but not pistils 【植】(植物或花)长有雄蕊的，(尤指)只生有雄蕊的

stammer /ˈstæmə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  speak (habitually, or on occasion from embarrassment etc.) with halting articulation, esp. with pauses or rapid repetitions of the same syllable (习惯性地或遇到尴尬场合等)结结巴巴地说，口吃 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter (words) in this way 结结巴巴地说(话)  stammered out an excuse  结结巴巴地找个借口 ●n.  1  a tendency to stammer 结结巴巴 2  an instance of stammering 口吃 □ stammerer  n.  □ stammeringly  adv.   [Old English stamerian, from West Germanic]

stamp /stæmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  bring down (one's foot) heavily on the ground etc. 跺(脚)，猛踏，猛踩b tr.  crush, flatten, or bring into a specified state in this way 踏碎，踩碎；踏平，踩平  stamped down the earth round the plant  把植物周围的土踩平c intr.  bring down one's foot heavily; walk with heavy steps 跺脚；重步走 2 tr.  a  impress (a pattern, mark, etc.) on metal, paper, butter, etc., with a die or similar instrument of metal, wood, rubber, etc. 压印(图案、标记等)b  impress (a surface) with a pattern etc. in this way 在(表面)上压印(图案等) 3 tr.  affix a postage or other stamp to (an envelope or document) 加盖邮戳(或其他印迹)于(信封或文件) 4 tr.  assign a specific character to; characterize; mark out 标出特点；刻画…的特点；标识  stamps the story an invention  把这个故事归为一种创新 5 tr.  crush or pulverize (ore etc.) 捣碎，压碎(矿等) ●n.  1  an instrument for stamping a pattern or mark 压印装置 2  a  a mark or pattern made by this (压印出来的)标记，图案b  the impression of an official mark required to be made for revenue purposes on deeds, bills of exchange, etc., as evidence of payment of tax (印在契约、汇票等上显示已付款或已交税的)官方印记 3  a small adhesive piece of paper indicating that a price, fee, or tax has been paid, esp. a postage stamp 印花(税)票，(尤指)邮票 4  a mark impressed on or label etc. affixed to a commodity as evidence of quality etc. (印在或附在商品上证明其质量等的)标记，印记；标签 5  a  a heavy downward blow with the foot 跺脚b  the sound of this 跺脚声 6  a  a characteristic mark or impress 标志，特征  bears the stamp of genius  具有天才的特征b  character, kind 类型，种类  avoid people of that stamp  躲避那一类人 7  the block that crushes ore in a stamp-mill 碾槌，捣(矿)锤 □ stamp on   1  impress (an idea etc.) on (the memory etc.) 把(想法等)牢牢印在(记忆等中) 2  suppress 压制□ stamp out   1  produce by cutting out with a die etc. (用压模等)压印出 2  put an end to, crush, destroy 消灭，粉碎，毁灭□ stamper  n.   [probably Old English from Germanic: influenced by Old French estamper (v.) and French estampe (n.), also from Germanic]

Stamp Act n.  an act concerned with stamp duty, esp. that imposing the duty on the American colonies in 1765 and repealed in 1766 印花税法案(尤指英国政府 1765 年颁布的对北美殖民地人民征收印花税的法令，该法令于 1766 年被迫废除)

stamp collector n.  a person engaged in stamp collecting; a philatelist 集邮者；集邮家 □ stamp collecting  n.  

stamp duty n.  a duty imposed on certain kinds of legal document 印花税

stampede /stæmˈpi:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden flight and scattering of a number of horses, cattle, etc. (马、牛等的)惊跑，惊逃 2  a sudden flight or hurried movement of people due to interest or panic (人群由于对某事感兴趣或惊慌所致的)奔跑；逃窜 3 US  the spontaneous and simultaneous response of many persons to a common impulse [美] (一群人的)蜂拥 ●v.  1 intr.  take part in a stampede 惊跑；逃窜 2 tr.  cause to do this 使惊跑，使逃窜，使溃散 3 tr.  cause to act hurriedly or unreasoningly (人群盲目地)蜂拥 □ stampeder  n.   [Spanish estampida ‘crash, uproar’, ultimately from Germanic: related to STAMP]

stamp hinge n.  a small piece of gummed transparent paper used for fixing postage stamps in an album etc. (把邮票固定在集邮簿等上的)透明胶水纸

stamping ground n.  a favourite haunt or place of action 喜欢并常去之处，经常出没之处

stamp-mill n.  a mill for crushing ore etc. (矿石等的)粉碎机

stamp office n. Brit.  an office for the issue of government stamps and the receipt of stamp duty etc. [英]印花税务局(负责发行各种政府印花并收取邮资等的政府机构)

stamp paper n.  1 Brit.  paper with the government revenue stamp [英] (贴有印花税票的)印花文件 2  the gummed marginal paper of a sheet of postage stamps (没撕开的)整张邮票

Stan /stæn/   斯坦 [人名]

stance /stɑ:ns, stæns/ n.  1  an attitude or position of the body esp. when hitting a ball etc. (尤指击球等的)姿势，始发姿势 2  a standpoint; an attitude of mind 立场；态度 3 Sc.  a site for a market, taxi rank, etc. [苏格兰] (市场、出租车队等的)位置，场所 [French from Italian stanza: see STANZA]

stanch1 var.  of STAUNCH2  STAUNCH2 的变体

stanch2 var.  of STAUNCH1  STAUNCH1 的变体

stanchion /ˈstɑ:nʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a post or pillar, an upright support, a vertical strut (直立的)支柱，撑木 2  an upright bar, pair of bars, or frame, for confining cattle in a stall (牛棚中的)拴牛枷 ●v. tr.  1  supply with a stanchion 给…装支柱 2  fasten (cattle) to a stanchion 用拴牛枷拴(牛) [Middle English from Anglo-French stanchon, Old French estanchon, from estance, probably ultimately from Latin stare ‘stand’]

stand /stænd/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. stood /stʊd/)  1 intr.  have or take or maintain an upright position, esp. on the feet or a base (尤指用脚或在底座上)站立；站定 2 intr.  be situated or located 坐落，位于  here once stood a village  这里曾经座落着一个村子 3 intr.  be of a specified height 具有特定高度  stands six feet three  高度为 6 英尺 3 英寸 4 intr.  be in a specified condition 处于某个状态  stands accused  处于被指控的境地 the thermometer stood at 90°  温度计显示是 90 度 the matter stands as follows  情况如下 stood in awe of them  对他们感到敬畏 5 tr.  place or set in an upright or specified position (竖直地或以某个姿势)放置  stood it against the wall  把它靠墙放置 6 intr.  a  move to and remain in a specified position 移向某个站立位置  stand aside  站到旁边b  take a specified attitude 采取某种态度  stand aloof  远离，不参与 7 intr.  maintain a position; avoid falling or moving or being moved 保持不变，维持不变  the house will stand for another century  这所房子将会再存在一个世纪 stood for hours arguing  连续争论数小时 8 intr.  assume a stationary position; cease to move 停止；停住  now stand still  现在停住不动 9 intr.  remain valid or unaltered; hold good 保持不变，保持有效  the former conditions must stand  以前的条款必须保持有效 10 intr. Naut.  hold a specified course 【海】保持特定的航向  stand in for the shore  保持向岸边航行的航向 you are standing into danger  你正驶向危险海域 11 tr.  endure without yielding or complaining; tolerate 忍受，忍耐；容忍  cannot stand the pain  无法忍受这种痛苦 how can you stand him?  你怎么能容忍他？ 12 tr.  provide for another or others at one's own expense 请客，为…付账  stood him a drink  请他喝一杯 13 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for) Brit.  be a candidate (for an office, legislature, or constituency) [英]候选，竞选  stood for Parliament  竞选议员 stood for Finchley  竞选芬奇雷 14 intr.  act in a specified capacity 以某种身份行事  stood proxy  做代理人 15 tr.  undergo (trial) 经受(考验) 16 intr. Cricket  act as umpire 【板球】当裁判员 17 intr. (of a dog) point, set (狗)站定以头指向 18 intr. (in full 全形 stand at stud) (of a stallion) be available for breeding (牝马)可作种马 ●n.  1  a cessation from motion or progress, a stoppage 停止，中断  was brought to a stand  使停顿 2  a  a halt made, or a stationary condition assumed, for the purpose of resistance (行进中)停下反击；摆出姿态反击，抵御，抵制b  resistance to attack or compulsion (esp. make a stand 对抗) 抵抗，反抗c Cricket  a prolonged period at the wicket by two batsmen 【板球】(两个击球员在一局内对三柱门的)坚持防守 3  a  a position taken up 位置  took his stand near the door  他站在门旁b  an attitude adopted 态度，立场 4  a rack, set of shelves, table, etc., on or in which things may be placed (放物品的)架，台  music stand  乐谱架 hatstand  帽架 5  a  a small open-fronted structure for a trader outdoors or in a market etc. (户外或市场等中的)摊位，售货台，售货亭b esp. Brit.  a structure occupied by a participating organization at an exhibition [尤英] (展览会上的)展台 6  a standing place for vehicles (车辆候客的)停车处  cab-stand  出租车停车处 7  a  a raised structure for spectators, performers, etc. to sit or stand on 看台，讲台，舞台b US  a witness box [美] (法庭的)证人席  take the stand  出庭作证 8 Theatr.  etc. each halt made on a tour to give one or more performances 【戏】(巡回演出中的)演出停留 9  a group of growing plants 植物丛  stand of trees  树林 stand of clover  苜蓿丛 □ as it stands   1  in its present condition, unaltered 照现在的情况 2 (also 亦作 as things stand)  in the present circumstances 在目前的情况下□ be at a stand  archaic  be unable to proceed, be in perplexity [古义]停顿，僵持，不知所措□ it stands to reason   see 见 REASON □ stand alone   be unequalled 无与伦比□ stand and deliver!  hist.  a highwayman's order to hand over valuables etc. [史义]留下买路钱！(拦路强盗用语)□ stand at bay   see 见 BAY5 □ stand back   1  withdraw; take up a position further from the front 撤退；退后 2  withdraw emotionally in order to take an objective view (为了客观考虑问题而)摆脱感情因素的干扰□ stand by   1  stand nearby; look on without interfering 站在一旁；袖手旁观  will not stand by and see him ill-treated  不会袖手旁观地看着他受虐待 2  uphold, support, side with (a person) 支持，站在(某人)一边 3  adhere to, abide by (terms or promises) 遵守(条款或诺言) 4  a Naut.  stand ready to take hold of or operate (an anchor etc.) 【海】准备握住(或操纵) (锚等)b  be ready to act or assist 准备行动，准备帮助□ stand a chance   see 见 CHANCE □ stand corrected   accept correction 承认错误□ stand down   1  withdraw from a team, election, etc. 退出(小组、竞选等) 2  leave the witness box 退出证人席 3 Mil.  go off duty; relax after a state of alert 【军】下岗；解除戒备□ stand easy!   see 见 EASY □ stand for   1  represent, signify, imply 代表，象征，意味着  ‘US’ stands for ‘United States’  “ US ”代表“美国” democracy stands for a great deal more than that  民主所代表的含义远远不止那些 2 (often with neg. 常与否定词连用) colloq.  endure, tolerate, acquiesce in [口]忍受，容忍，勉强同意 3  espouse the cause of 支持，拥护□ stand one's ground   maintain one's position, not yield 坚持立场，不退缩□ stand high   be high in status, price, etc. (地位或价格等)高□ stand in  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  deputize; act in place of another 代表；替代□ stand in the breach   see 见 BREACH □ stand a person in good stead   see 见 STEAD □ stand in with   be in league with 与…联合□ stand off   1  move or keep away, keep one's distance 疏远，保持距离 2 Brit.  temporarily dispense with the services of (an employee) [英]暂时解雇(员工)□ stand on   1  insist on, observe scrupulously 坚持，拘泥于  stand on ceremony  讲究礼节 stand on one's dignity  保持尊严 2 Naut.  continue on the same course 【海】继续保持同一航向□ stand on me  slang  rely on me; believe me [俚语]依靠我；相信我□ stand on one's own feet (or own two feet)   be self-reliant or independent 自力更生，自立□ stand out   1  be prominent or conspicuous or outstanding 突出，显眼，引人注目 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 against, for)  hold out; persist in opposition or support or endurance 坚持；坚持抵抗，坚决支持，坚决忍耐□ stand over   1  stand close to (a person) to watch, control, threaten, etc. (对某人)密切注意(或控制、威胁等) 2  be postponed, be left for later settlement etc. 被推迟，被延期□ stand pat   see 见 PAT2 □ stand to   1 Mil.  stand ready for an attack (esp. before dawn or after dark) 【军】(尤指在天亮前或天黑后)准备进攻 2  abide by, adhere to (terms or promises) 遵守(条款或诺言) 3  be likely or certain to 可能会；一定会  stands to lose everything  可能会失去一切 4  uphold, support, or side with (a person) 支持，站在(某人)一边□ stand treat   bear the expense of entertainment etc. 请客，为…付账□ stand up   1  a  rise to one's feet from a sitting or other position 起立，站立b  come to or remain in or place in a standing position 站立，站定 2 (of an argument etc.) be valid (论点等)站得住脚 3 colloq.  fail to keep an appointment with [口]失约，爽约□ stand up for   support, side with, maintain (a person or cause) 支持，维护，坚持(某人或事业)□ stand upon   = stand on 1 □ stand up to   1  meet or face (an opponent) courageously 勇敢面对(对手) 2  be resistant to the harmful effects of (wear, use, etc.) 经得住(穿、用等)□ stand well  (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  be on good terms or in good repute 与…相处融洽；名声好□ take one's stand on   base one's argument etc. on, rely on 立场是基于…□ stander  n.   [Old English standan, from Germanic]

stand-alone adj. (of a computer) operating independently of a network or other system (计算机)单机操作的，未联网的

standard /ˈstændəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an object or quality or measure serving as a basis or example or principle to which others conform or should conform or by which the accuracy or quality of others is judged 标准，水平，规范  by present-day standards  按照当前的标准 2  a  the degree of excellence etc. required for a particular purpose (优秀水平等的)规格，水准  not up to standard  未达到水准b  average quality 一般标准  of a low standard  低标准的 3  the ordinary procedure, or quality or design of a product, without added or novel features 常规 4  a distinctive flag, esp. the flag of a cavalry regiment as distinct from the colours of an infantry regiment 旗帜(尤指骑兵的队旗) 5  a  an upright support (直立的)支柱，支座b  an upright water or gas pipe (直立的)水管，煤气管 6  a  a tree or shrub that grows on an erect stem of full height and stands alone without support 茎干挺直的树木(或灌木)b  a shrub grafted on an upright stem and trained in tree form 嫁接(在直立茎干上且培育成树形的)灌木，小树  standard rose  枝接玫瑰 7  a document specifying nationally or internationally agreed properties for manufactured goods etc. (产品等统一的)规格，标准  British Standard  英国标准 8  a thing recognized as a model for imitation etc. (作为仿制等的)模型，标准物 9  a tune or song of established popularity 固定曲目，流行歌曲 10  a  a system by which the value of a currency is defined in terms of gold or silver or both (货币的)法定含金(或银)量b  the prescribed proportion of the weight of fine metal in gold or silver coins (金银的)法定纯度 11  a measure for timber, equivalent to 165 cu. ft (4.67 cubic metres) 标准堆(木材计量单位，等于 165 立方英尺 (4.67 立方米)) 12 Brit. hist.  a grade of classification in elementary schools [英史义] (小学的)年级 ●adj.  1  serving or used as a standard 标准的，符合标准的  a standard size  标准尺寸 2  of a normal or prescribed quality or size etc. 质量合格的；大小规范的 3  having recognized and permanent value; authoritative 公认优秀的，权威性的  the standard book on the subject  关于此课题的权威书籍 4 (of language) conforming to established educated usage (语言)规范化的，标准的  standard English  标准英语 □ raise a standard   take up arms; rally support 拿起武器；集结力量  raised the standard of revolt  拿起武器造反 [Middle English from Anglo-French estaundart, Old French estendart, from estendre (as EXTEND) : senses 5 and 6 of the noun affected by association with STAND]

standard assessment task n.  a standard test given to school children to assess their progress in a core subject of the national curriculum (测试中小学学生的)标准水平考试

standard-bearer n.  1  a soldier who carries a standard 掌旗兵，旗手 2  a prominent leader in a cause (某事业的)领袖

Standardbred /ˈstændədbred/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a horse of a breed able to attain a specified speed, developed esp. for trotting (尤指用于赛马的)标准竞赛用马 2  this breed 标准竞赛马品种

standard deviation n. Statistics  a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a group as a whole 【统计学】均方差，标准差

Standard Grade n. (in Scotland) an examination equivalent to the GCSE (苏格兰)相当于普通中等教育证书 (GCSE) 的一种考试

standardize /ˈstændədaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  cause to conform to a standard 使标准化，使合乎标准 2 tr.  determine the properties of by comparison with a standard 按标准评估，按标准校准 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  adopt as one's standard or model 定立标准 □ standardizable  adj.  □ standardization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ standardizer  n.  

standard lamp n. Brit.  a lamp set on a tall upright with its base standing on the floor [英]落地灯

standard of living n.  the degree of material comfort available to a person or class or community 生活水平

standard time n.  a uniform time for places in approximately the same longitude, established in a country or region by law or custom 标准时间

standard wire gauge  see 见 WIRE GAUGE 2 

standby /ˈstæn(d)bai/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -bys)  1  a person or thing ready if needed in an emergency etc. (应付紧急情况的)后备人员；常备物 2  readiness for duty 备用，待命  on standby  待命 ●adj.  1  ready for immediate use 备用的，待命的 2 (of air travel, theatre seats, etc.) not booked in advance but allocated on the basis of earliest availability (空中旅行、剧院座位等)应急的，机动的

stand camera n.  a camera for use on a tripod, not hand-held 支架照相机

standee /stænˈdi:/ n. colloq.  a person who stands, esp. when all seats are occupied [口]站立者，(尤指)站票观众

stand-in n.  a deputy or substitute, esp. for an actor when the latter's acting ability is not needed 替代者，(尤指)替身演员

standing /ˈstændiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  esteem or repute, esp. high; status, position (尤指高的)级别；地位，身份；名声  people of high standing  身份高的人 is of no standing  没有地位的 2  duration 持续时间  a dispute of long standing  长期的争论 3  length of service, membership, etc. (服务、会员等的)期限 ●adj.  1  that stands, upright 站立的，直立的 2  a  established, permanent 长久不变的，持久的  a standing rule  长期规定b  not made, raised, etc., for the occasion 常备的，常设的  a standing army  常备军 3 (of a jump, start, race, etc.) performed from rest or from a standing position (跳、起跑、比赛等)立定的 4 (of water) stagnant (水)不流动的，停滞的 5 (of corn) unreaped (玉米)未收割的 6 (of a stallion) that stands at stud (牝马)可作种马的 7 Printing (formerly, of type) not yet distributed after use 【印刷】(旧时指铅字)使用后未拆版的 □ be in good standing  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  be in favour or on good terms 受人喜爱的；相处融洽的□ leave a person standing   make far more rapid progress than he or she 远远超过他(或她)

standing committee n.  a committee that is permanent during the existence of the appointing body 常务委员会

standing joke n.  an object of permanent ridicule 永久的笑料

standing order n. esp. Brit.  an instruction to a banker to make regular payments, or to a newsagent etc. for a regular supply of a periodical etc. [尤英] (委托银行定期付款的)长期(有效)委托书；(报刊等的)长期订单

standing orders n. pl.  the rules governing the manner in which all business shall be conducted in a parliament, council, society, etc. (议会、委员会、社团等的)议事规定

standing ovation n.  a period of prolonged applause during which the crowd or audience rise to their feet 长时间起立鼓掌

standing rigging n.  rigging which is fixed in position 固定支索，静索

standing room n.  space to stand in 站立的空间

standing wave n. Physics  the vibration of a system in which some particular points remain fixed while others between them vibrate with the maximum amplitude (cf. 参见 TRAVELLING WAVE) 【物理学】驻波(在某些点没有波动，而在这些不波动的点之间最高的波动区间间断出现的波)

stand of arms n. Brit. Mil.  a complete set of weapons for one man [英]【军】(一个人的)全套武器

stand of colours n. Brit. Mil.  a regiment's flags [英]【军】(团)旗

stand-off n.  1 N. Amer.  a deadlock [北美]僵持，僵局 2  = STAND-OFF HALF 

stand-off half n. Rugby  a half-back who forms a link between the scrum-half and the three-quarters 【英式橄榄球】(位于对阵前卫与中卫之间的)外侧前卫

stand-offish /ˌstændˈɒfiʃ/ adj.  cold or distant in manner 冷漠的，冷淡的 □ stand-offishly  adv.  □ stand-offishness  n.  

standout /ˈstændaʊt/ n. & adj. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口] ●n.  a remarkable, notable, or outstanding person or thing 突出(或出色、杰出)的人(或物) ●adj.  remarkable, notable, outstanding 突出的，出众的，杰出的

standpipe /ˈstæn(d)paip/ n.  a vertical pipe extending from a water supply, esp. one connecting a temporary tap to the mains (尤指将临时水龙头与主管相连的)竖管，管体式水塔

standpoint /ˈstæn(d)pɔint/ n.  1  the position from which a thing is viewed 立场，观点 2  a mental attitude 态度

St Andrew's cross /ˈændru:z/ n.  an X-shaped cross X 形十字架

standstill /ˈstæn(d)stil/ n.  a stoppage; an inability to proceed 停止；停滞

stand-to n. Mil.  the action or state of standing to; readiness for action or attack 【军】待命(状态)；行动准备，进攻准备

stand-up attrib. adj.  1 (of a meal) eaten standing (用餐)站着吃的 2 (of a fight) violent, thorough, or fair and square (打斗)正面硬拼的 3 (of a collar) upright, not turned down (衣领)直立的，挺立的 4 (of a comedian) performing by standing before an audience and telling jokes (喜剧演员)站着面对观众说笑的

stanhope /ˈstænəp, -həʊp/ n.  a light open carriage for one with two or four wheels 单人二轮(或四轮)敞篷轻便马车 [named after Fitzroy Stanhope, English clergyman d. 1864, for whom the first one was made]

staniel /ˈstænj(ə)l/ n.  a kestrel 红隼 [Old English stɑˉngella ‘stone-yeller’, from stɑˉn ‘stone’ + gellan ‘yell’]

stank past  of STINK  

Stanley /ˈstænli/   斯坦利 [人名]

Stanley knife n. Brit. propr.  a type of very sharp knife with a replaceable blade [英] [商标] (可更换刀片的十分锋利的)斯坦利刀 [from Stanley, proprietary name for hand tools]

stannary /ˈstæn(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 prec. by 前接 the)  any of several tin-mining districts in Cornwall and Devon (康沃尔郡和德文郡的)锡矿区 [medieval Latin stannaria (pl.) from Late Latin stannum ‘tin’]

stannary court n. hist.  a legal body for the regulation of tin-miners in the stannaries [史义] (监督执行锡矿规章制度的)锡矿区法院

stannic /ˈstænik/ adj. Chem.  of or relating to tetravalent tin 【化】锡的，四价锡的  stannic acid  锡酸 stannic chloride  氯化锡 [Late Latin stannum ‘tin’]

stannous /ˈstænəs/ adj. Chem.  of or relating to divalent tin 【化】亚锡的，二价锡的  stannous salts  亚锡盐 stannous chloride  氯化亚锡

St Anthony cross /ˈæntəni/ n. (also 亦作 St Anthony's cross /ˈæntəniz/)  a T-shaped cross T 形十字架

St Anthony's fire /ˈæntəniz/ n.  erysipelas or ergotism 圣安东尼热(丹毒或麦角中毒)

stanza /ˈstænzə/ n.  1  the basic metrical unit in a poem or verse consisting of a recurring group of lines (often four lines and usu. not more than twelve) which may or may not rhyme 诗节(常为 4 行，通常不超过 12 行) 2  a group of four lines in some Greek and Latin metres (希腊和拉丁诗韵中的)四行诗节 □ stanza'd  adj. (also 亦作 stanzaed) (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ stanzaic  /-ˈzeiik/ adj.   [Italian, = standing place, chamber, stanza, ultimately from Latin stare ‘stand’]

stapelia /stəˈpi:liə/ n.  any southern African plant of the genus Stapelia, with flowers having an unpleasant smell 五角星花(产于南非的一种植物，其花气味难闻) [modern Latin, named after J. B. von Stapel, Dutch botanist d. 1636]

stapes /ˈsteipi:z/ n. (pl.same 单复同) Anat.  a small stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear 【解】镫骨(中耳中的一块马镫形的小骨，可将震颤从砧骨传入内耳) [modern Latin from medieval Latin stapes ‘stirrup’]

staphylococcus /ˌstæfiləˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. staphylococci /-k(s)ai, -k(s)i:/)  any bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus, occurring in grapelike clusters, and sometimes causing pus formation usu. in the skin and mucous membranes of animals 葡萄球菌(葡萄球菌属中的一种细菌，常呈现出葡萄状串簇，有时会导致皮肤或动物黏液膜上长疖) □ staphylococcal  adj.   [modern Latin, from Greek staphulē ‘bunch of grapes’ + kokkos ‘berry’]

staple1 /steip(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a U-shaped metal bar or piece of wire with pointed ends for driving into, securing, or fastening together various materials or for driving through and clenching papers, netting, electric wire, etc.U 形钉，订书钉 ●v. tr.  provide or fasten with a staple 用 U 形钉固定，用订书钉钉 □ stapler  n.   [Old English stapol, from Germanic]

staple2 /steip(ə)l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the principal or an important article of commerce 主要产品，重要商品  the staples of British industry  英国的主要工业产品 2  the chief element or a main component, e.g. of a diet 主要成分(如主食) 3  a raw material 原料，原材料 4  the fibre of cotton or wool etc. as determining its quality (可确定棉花或羊毛等的质量的)纤维  cotton of fine staple  纤维精细的棉花 ●adj.  1  main or principal 主要的，首要的  staple commodities  主要商品 2  important as a product or an export 大宗出产(或出口)的 ●v. tr.  sort or classify (wool etc.) according to fibre (按纤维质量)把(羊毛等)分级 [Middle English via Old French estaple ‘market’ from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch stapel ‘pillar, emporium’: related to STAPLE1]

staple gun n.  a hand-held device for driving in staples 订书机

star /stɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a celestial body appearing as a luminous point in the night sky 星 2 (in full 全称 fixed star)  such a body, being so far from the earth as to appear motionless (except for the diurnal rotation of the heavens), in contrast to planets, comets, etc. (不同于行星、慧星等的)恒星 3 Astron.  a large gaseous body (such as the sun), naturally luminous from internal nuclear reactions 【天】天体(如太阳) 4  a celestial body regarded as influencing a person's fortunes etc. (被认为能影响一个人的命运等的)星宿，星象  born under a lucky star  生来命好 5  a thing resembling a star or having the conventional shape of a star, with five or more radiating lines 星形物 6  a star-shaped mark, esp. a white mark on a horse's forehead 星形记号，(尤指马前额的)白斑 7  a figure or object with radiating points esp. as the insignia of an order, as a decoration or mark of rank, or showing a category of excellence (尤指用徽章表示等级质量的)星级  a five-star hotel  五星级宾馆 was awarded a gold star  被授予金星奖章 8  a  a famous or brilliant person; the principal or most prominent performer in a play, film, etc. (戏剧、电影等的)明星，主角  the star of the show  这场演出的明星b (作 attrib.)  outstanding; particularly brilliant 杰出的；卓越的  star pupil  出色的学生 9 (in full 全称 star connection) Electr.  a Y-shaped arrangement of three-phase windings 【电】星形(或 Y 形)三相绕组 10  = STAR PRISONER  ●v. (starred, starring)  1  a tr. (of a film etc.) feature as a principal performer (电影等)由…主演，由…担任主角b intr. (of a performer) be featured in a film etc. (演员)作主角，主演 2 (esp. as 尤作 starred adj.)  a  mark, set, or adorn with a star or stars 用星号标记(或装饰)b  put an asterisk or star beside (a name, an item in a list, etc.) 用星号标出(姓名、清单中的一项等) □ my stars!  colloq.  an expression of surprise [口]哎呀！(表示惊愕的感叹语)□ stardom  n.  □ starless  adj.  □ starlike  adj.   [Old English steorra, from Germanic]

star-apple n.  an edible purple apple-like fruit (with a starlike cross-section) of a tropical evergreen tree, Chrysophyllum cainito 星苹果(一种热带常绿树的苹果形紫色果实，其横切面呈星状)

starboard /ˈstɑ:bɔ:d, -bəd/ n. & v. Naut. & Aeron. 【海】【空】  ●n.  the right-hand side (looking forward) of a ship, boat, or aircraft (cf. 参见 PORT3) (轮船、小船或飞机的)右舷，右侧 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  turn (the helm) to starboard 向右转(舵) [Old English stēorbord = rudder side (see STEER1, BOARD), early Teutonic ships being steered with a paddle over the right side]

starboard tack  see 见 TACK1 n. 4a 

starboard watch  see 见 WATCH n. 3b 

starburst /ˈstɑ:bɜ:st/ n.  1  a  a pattern of radiating lines or rays around a central object, light source, etc. (围绕中心物、光源等的)散射图b  an explosion or Photog. a lens attachment producing this effect 散射镜头装置  starburst filter  散射滤光器 2 Astron.  a period of intense activity, apparently star formation, in certain galaxies 【天】(某些星系呈星状的)强烈活动期

starch /stɑ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an odourless tasteless polysaccharide occurring widely in plants as a carbohydrate store and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes, forming an important constituent of the human diet 淀粉 2  a preparation of this for stiffening fabric before ironing (浆织物用的)淀粉浆 3  stiffness of manner; formality 古板，拘谨 ●v. tr.  stiffen (clothing) with starch 用淀粉浆浆(衣物) □ starcher  n.   [earlier as verb: Old English from Germanic, related to STARK]

Star Chamber n. Brit. Law [英]【法律】  1 hist.  a court of civil and criminal jurisdiction noted for its arbitrary procedure, and abolished in 1640 [史义]星室法庭(英国历史上的一个具有民事和刑事权限的法庭，以专断暴虐著称， 1640 年废除) 2  any arbitrary or oppressive tribunal 专断暴虐的法庭

starch-reduced adj. (esp. of food) containing less than the normal proportion of starch (尤指食物)淀粉含量少的，低淀粉的

starchy /ˈstɑ:tʃi/ adj. (starchier, starchiest)  1  a  of or like starch 淀粉的；淀粉似的b  containing much starch 淀粉多的，高淀粉的 2 (of a person) precise, prim (人)古板的，拘谨的 □ starchily  adv.  □ starchiness  n.  

star connection  see 见 STAR n. 9 

star-crossed adj. archaic  ill-fated [古义]命运不佳的，背运的

stardust /ˈstɑ:dʌst/ n.  1  a twinkling mass 闪光团 2  an illusory or insubstantial substance 幻觉，梦幻 3  a multitude of stars looking like dust 星尘(团) □ have stardust in one's eyes   be dreamily romantic or unrealistic 梦幻般的，不现实的

stare /stɛə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at)  look fixedly with eyes open, esp. as the result of curiosity, surprise, bewilderment, admiration, horror, etc. (尤指由于好奇、惊奇、困惑、羡慕、恐惧等)凝视，注视  sat staring at the door  坐着凝视着大门 stared in amazement  惊讶地盯着看 2 intr. (of eyes) be wide open and fixed (眼睛)瞪视 3 intr.  be unpleasantly prominent or striking 刺眼，扎眼 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  reduce (a person) to a specified condition by staring 目不转睛地把(人)看得…  stared me into silence  把我盯得不敢吭声 ●n.  a staring gaze 凝视，注视 □ stare down (or out)   outstare 以目光压倒□ stare a person in the face   be evident or imminent 显而易见；迫在眉睫□ starer  n.   [Old English starian, from Germanic]

starfish /ˈstɑ:fiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  an echinoderm of the class Asteroidea with five or more radiating arms 海星(海星纲中的一种棘皮类动物，长有五个或五个以上呈辐射状排列的触手)

star fruit n.  = CARAMBOLA 

stargazer /ˈstɑ:ɡeizə/ n.  1 colloq. usu. derog. or joc.  an astronomer or astrologer [口] [通常贬] [诙]天文学家；占星学家 2 Austral. slang  a horse that turns its head when galloping [澳] [俚语]疾驰时回转头的马 □ stargaze  v. intr.  

stark /stɑ:k/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  desolate, bare 荒凉的，光秃秃的  a stark landscape  荒凉的景色 2  sharply evident; brutally simple 明显的，纯粹的  in stark contrast  明显的对比 the stark reality  明显的现实 3  downright, sheer 完全的，十足的  stark madness  十足的疯狂 4  completely naked 一丝不挂的，赤裸的 5 archaic  strong, stiff, rigid [古义]强硬的，生硬的，刻板的 ●adv.  completely, wholly 完全，十足  stark mad  完全疯了 stark naked  全裸的 □ starkly  adv.  □ starkness  n.   [Old English stearc from Germanic: ‘stark naked’ from earlier start-naked, from obsolete start ‘tail’: cf. REDSTART]

Stark effect /stɑ:k/ n. Physics  the splitting of a spectrum line into several components by the application of an electric field 【物理学】斯塔克效应(即光通过电场时光谱线分解为几个部分) [named after J. Stark, German physicist d. 1957]

starkers /ˈstɑ:kəz/ adj. Brit. colloq.  stark naked [英口]一丝不挂的，赤裸的

starlet /ˈstɑ:lit/ n.  1  a promising young performer, esp. a woman 有前途的年轻演员(尤指女演员) 2  a little star 小星星

starlight /ˈstɑ:lait/ n.  1  the light of the stars 星光  walked home by starlight  借着星光走回家 2 (作 attrib.)  = STARLIT a starlight night  星光灿烂的夜晚 

starling1 /ˈstɑ:liŋ/ n.  1  a small gregarious partly migratory bird, Sturnus vulgaris, with blackish-brown speckled lustrous plumage, chiefly inhabiting cultivated areas 椋鸟(一种半迁徙喜群居的小鸟，羽毛有暗棕色斑点且有光泽，主要栖息在耕种地区) 2  any similar bird of the family Sturnidae 椋鸟科的鸟 [Old English stœrlinc from stœr ‘starling’, from Germanic: cf. -LING1]

starling2 /ˈstɑ:liŋ/ n.  piles built around or upstream of a bridge or pier to protect it from floating rubbish etc. (保护桥墩的)分水桩 [perhaps corruption of (now dialect) staddling STADDLE]

starlit /ˈstɑ:lit/ adj.  1  lit by stars 星光照耀的 2  with stars visible 有星光的

star of Bethlehem /ˈbeθlihem/ n.  any of various plants with starlike flowers, esp. Ornithogalum umbellatum with white star-shaped flowers striped with green on the outside (see Matt. 2:9) 虎眼万年青(一种开绿条星状白花的植物) (见《马太福音》 2:9)

Star of David /ˈdeivid/ n.  a figure consisting of two interlaced equilateral triangles used as a Jewish and Israeli symbol 大卫王之星(犹太人和以色列人的标记，是由两个等边三角形交错而成的六角星)

star prisoner n. Brit. slang  a convict serving a first prison sentence [英] [俚语]初次坐牢的犯人

star route n. US  a postal delivery route served by private contractors [美] (由私人承包的)星号邮路

starry /ˈstɑ:ri/ adj. (starrier, starriest)  1  covered with or full of stars 布满星星的 2  resembling a star 星形物的 3  of or relating to stars in entertainment; full of stars (娱乐)明星的；明星云集的 □ starrily  adv.  □ starriness  n.  

starry-eyed adj. colloq. [口]  1  visionary; enthusiastic but impractical 幻想的；过分乐观的 2  euphoric 愉快的，欢欣的

Stars and Bars n. pl.  the flag of the Confederate States of the US 南部邦联旗

Stars and Stripes n. pl.  the national flag of the US 星条旗(美国国旗)

star sapphire n.  a cabochon sapphire reflecting a starlike image due to its regular internal structure 星彩蓝宝石

star shell n.  an explosive projectile designed to burst in the air and light up the enemy's position 照明弹，信号弹

starship /ˈstɑ:ʃip/ n. (in science fiction) a large usu. manned spacecraft for intersellar space travel 星际飞船(科幻小说中通常用于星际旅行的载人飞船)

star-spangled adj. (esp. of the US national flag) covered or glittering with stars (尤指美国国旗)布满星星的；星光闪烁的

star stream n.  a systematic drift of stars 星流

star-struck adj.  fascinated or greatly impressed by stars in entertainment or stardom 对明星着迷的，追星的

star-studded adj.  containing or covered with many stars, esp. featuring many famous performers 布满星星的；(尤指)明星荟萃的

START /stɑ:t/ abbr.  Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (or Talks) [缩略]削减战略武器协定(或会谈)

start /stɑ:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  begin; commence 开始  started work  开始工作 started crying  开始哭 started to shout  开始大喊 the play starts at eight  戏 8 点开演 2 tr.  set (proceedings, an event, etc.) in motion 使(进程、事件等)发生(或发动、启动)  start the meeting  开会 started a fire  生起了火 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  make a beginning 开始做，着手  started on a new project  开始一个新项目 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 after, for)  set oneself in motion or action 行动  ‘wait!’ he shouted, and started after her  “等一下！”他喊道，接着随她而去 5 intr.  set out; begin a journey etc. 出发，动身  we start at 6 a.m.  我们早晨 6 点动身 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  a intr. (of a machine) begin operating (机器)发动，启动  the car wouldn't start  汽车发动不起来b tr.  cause (a machine etc.) to begin operating 使(机器等)发动(或启动)  tried to start the engine  试着发动引擎 7 tr.  a  cause or enable (a person) to make a beginning (with something) 使(人)开始做(某事)  started me in business with £ 10,000  用 1 万英镑开始了我的生意b (foll. by pres. part. 后跟现在分词)  cause (a person) to begin (doing something) 使(人)开始(做某事)  the smoke started me coughing  烟使我开始咳嗽起来c colloq.  complain or be critical [口]抱怨；批评  don't you start  你别抱怨了 8 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  found or establish; originate 建立，创办；发起 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, with)  have as the first of a series of items, e.g. in a meal 开始用(或吃、喝等)  we started with soup  我们先喝汤 10 tr.  give a signal to (competitors) to start in a race 为(赛跑者)发起跑信号 11 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up, from, etc.)  make a sudden movement from surprise, pain, etc. (由于惊讶、疼痛等)惊起，惊动  started at the sound of my voice  听到我的声音突然惊跳起来 12 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out, up, from, etc.)  spring out, up, etc. 跃起，跳起  started up from the chair  从椅子上跳起来 13 tr.  conceive (a baby) 怀(孩子) 14 tr.  rouse (game etc.) from its lair (从洞中)惊起，吓出(猎物等) 15  a intr.  be displaced by pressure or shrinkage; come loose 松动，脱开b tr.  cause to do this 使松动，使脱开 16 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out, to, etc.) (of a thing) move or appear suddenly (事物)涌出，冒出  tears started to his eyes  他的眼睛里涌出泪水 17 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from) (of eyes, usu. with exaggeration) burst forward (from their sockets etc.) (通常夸张地指眼睛从眼窝等处)突出 18 tr.  pour out (liquor) from a cask 把(液体)从桶中倒出 ●n.  1  a beginning of an event, action, journey, etc. (事件、行动、旅程等的)开始，开端  missed the start  错过了开头 an early start tomorrow  明天一大早 made a fresh start  重新开始 2  the place from which a race etc. begins 起跑线，起跑点 3  an advantage given at the beginning of a race etc. (比赛等中让与的)先起跑的优势  a 15-second start  先起跑 15 秒 4  an advantageous initial position in life, business, etc. (在生活、事业等上的)始发优势，好开端  a good start in life  生活中的一个良好开端 5  a sudden movement of surprise, pain, etc. 惊跳，惊动  you gave me a start  你吓了我一跳 6  an intermittent or spasmodic effort or movement (esp. 尤用于 in or by fits and starts) (力量或活动)突发的一阵 7 colloq.  a surprising occurrence [口]令人吃惊的事  a queer start  古怪的事 a rum start  惊人的事 □ for a start  colloq.  as a beginning; in the first place [口]作为开始；首先□ get the start of   gain an advantage over 比…占优势□ start a hare   see 见 HARE □ start in  colloq. [口]  1  begin 开始 2 (foll. by 后跟 on) US  make a beginning on [美]开始做□ start off   1  begin; commence 开始  started off on a lengthy monologue  开始一段长长的独白 2  begin to move 动身，启程  it's time we started off  我们该启程了□ start on  colloq.  attack; nag; bully [口] (用话)攻击；唠叨；威吓□ start out   1  begin a journey 出发，动身 2 (foll. by 后跟带 to + infin.) colloq.  proceed as intending (to do something) [口]开始打算(做某事)□ start over  N. Amer.  begin again [北美]重新开始，从头再来□ start something  colloq.  cause trouble [口]惹麻烦□ start up   arise; occur 出现；发生□ to start with   1  in the first place; before anything else is considered 首先  should never have been there to start with  首先根本不应该去那儿 2  at the beginning 开始时，一开始  had six members to start with  开始时有 6 名成员 [Old English (originally in sense 11), from Germanic]

starter /ˈstɑ:tə/ n.  1  a person or thing that starts 起始者；起始物 2  an esp. automatic device for starting the engine of a motor vehicle etc. (机动车辆等的发动机的)自动起动装置 3  a person giving the signal for the start of a race (赛跑时的)发令员 4  a horse or competitor starting in a race (赛马中的)参赛马，参赛者  a list of probable starters  可能参赛的名单 5 esp. Brit.  the first course of a meal [尤英]第一道菜 6  the initial action etc. 起始动作，起始阶段 7  a N. Amer.  a player who plays at the beginning of a game [北美]比赛一开始上场的运动员b Baseball  the pitcher who starts the game 【棒球】开局投球手 □ for starters  colloq.  to start with [口]首先□ under starter's orders  (of racehorses etc.) in a position to start a race and awaiting the starting signal (赛马等)准备起跑

starting block n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a shaped rigid block for bracing the feet of a runner at the start of a race 起跑器(起跑时支撑运动员脚部的硬架装置)

starting gate n.  a movable barrier for securing a fair start in horse races (赛马用的)起跑门栅

starting-handle n. Brit. Mech.  a crank for starting a motor engine [英]【机】(起动发动机的)起动曲柄

starting pistol n.  a pistol used to give the signal for the start of a race (赛跑时的)发令枪

starting point n.  the point from which a journey, process, argument, etc. begins (旅程、进程、辩论等的)起始点

starting post n.  the post from which competitors start in a race (赛跑时的)起跑柱

starting price n.  the odds ruling at the start of a horse race (opp. 反义 FIXED ODDS) (赛马比赛开始时生效的)投注赔率

starting stall n.  a compartment for one horse at the start of a race (赛马用的)起跑栅栏

startle /ˈstɑ:t(ə)l/ v. tr.  give a shock or surprise to; cause (a person etc.) to start with surprise or sudden alarm 惊吓；使吃惊，使惊奇 □ startler  n.   [Old English steartlian (as START, -LE4)]

startling /ˈstɑ:tliŋ/ adj.  1  surprising 令人吃惊的，惊人的 2  alarming 使人惊动的，令人担忧的  startling news  令人担忧的消息 □ startlingly  adv.  

start-up n.  the action or an instance of starting up, esp. the starting up of a business, machine, or series of operations (尤指生意、机器或一系列操作的)启动，起动 often 常作 attrib.: start-up costs  初期的成本

star turn n. Brit.  the principal item in an entertainment or performance [英] (娱乐或演出中的)主要节目

starve /stɑ:v/ v.  1 intr.  die of hunger; suffer from malnourishment 饿死；挨饿 2 tr.  cause to die of hunger or suffer from lack of food 使饿死；使挨饿 3 intr.  suffer from extreme poverty 极度贫困 4 intr. (esp. as 尤作 starved adj. or starving adj.) colloq.  feel very hungry [口]饿极，饿得慌  I'm starving  我饿坏了 5 intr.  a  suffer from mental or spiritual want 遭受思想(或精神)贫困b (foll. by 后跟 for)  feel a strong craving for (sympathy, amusement, knowledge, etc.) 迫切需要，渴望(同情、娱乐、知识等) 6 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 of, US [美] for)  deprive of; keep scantily supplied with 使匮乏，使急需  starved of affection  迫切需要爱抚的b  cause to suffer from mental or spiritual want 使遭受思想(或精神)贫困 7 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 into)  compel by starving 以饥饿迫使  starved into submission  饿得只好屈服b (foll. by 后跟 out)  compel to surrender etc. by starving 以饥饿迫使投降(等)  starved them out  断绝粮草迫使他们投降 8 intr. archaic or dial.  perish with or suffer from cold [古义] [方]冻死；挨冻 □ starvation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old English steorfan ‘die’]

starveling /ˈstɑ:vliŋ/ n. & adj. archaic [古义] ●n.  a starving or ill-fed person or animal [古义]挨饿者(或动物)；饿瘦的人(或动物) ●adj.  1  starving 挨饿的，饥饿的 2  meagre 贫乏的，匮乏的

Star Wars n. pl. colloq.  the strategic defence initiative [口]星球大战计划(战略防御计划) [from the title of a science fiction film (1977)]

starwort /ˈstɑ:wɜ:t/ n.  a plant with starlike flowers or leaves, esp. greater stitchwort, Stellaria holostea, with small white flowers 繁缕，紫菀(一种开星状小百花或长星状叶片的植物)

stash /stæʃ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  1  conceal; put in a safe or hidden place 隐藏，藏匿 2  hoard, stow, store 储藏，贮藏，贮备 ●n.  1  a hiding place or hideout 隐藏处，藏匿处 2  a thing hidden; a cache 隐藏物；贮藏物 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Stasi /ˈʃtɑ:zi/ n. hist.  the internal security force of the former German Democratic Republic, abolished in 1989 [史义]什塔(前民主德国的国内安全武装部队，于 1989 年废除) [German, from Staatssicherheit(sdienst) ‘state security (service) ’]

stasis /ˈsteisis, ˈstæ-/ n. (pl. stases /-si:z/)  1  inactivity; stagnation; a state of equilibrium 停滞；静止；均衡 2  a stoppage of circulation of any of the body fluids (体内液流的)郁滞，郁积，阻塞 [modern Latin from Greek, from sta- STAND]

-stasis /ˈstæsis, ˈsteisis/ comb. form (pl. -stases /-si:z/) Physiol.  forming nouns denoting a slowing or stopping (haemostasis 止血法) [构词成分]【生理】构成名词，表示：“抑制”；“停滞” □ -static  comb. form  forming adjectives [构词成分]构成形容词，表示：“抑制的”；“停滞的”

stat1 /stæt/ n. colloq.  a thermostat [口]温度计

stat2 /stæt/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a statistic 统计项 2 (作 attrib.)  statistics 统计学  stat control  统计控制

-stat /stæt/ comb. form  forming nouns with reference to keeping fixed or stationary (rheostat 变阻器) [构词成分]构成名词，指“固定”；“稳定” [Greek statos ‘stationary’]

state /steit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the existing condition or position of a person or thing 状况，情况，状态  in a bad state of repair  处于维修不良的状态 in a precarious state of health  健康状况不稳定 2 colloq. [口]  a  an excited, anxious, or agitated mental condition (esp. 尤用于 in a state) (兴奋、紧张或激动的)心情，心态b  an untidy condition 零乱，不整洁 3 (also 亦作 State)  a  an organized political community under one government; a commonwealth; a nation 国家，政权，政府b  such a community forming part of a federal republic, esp. the United States of America (作为联邦共和国尤指美利坚合众国一部分的)州，邦c (the States)  the US 美国 4 (also 亦作 State) (作 attrib.)  a  of, for, or concerned with the State 国家的；为国家的；与国家有关的  State documents  国家文件b  reserved for or done on occasions of ceremony 为典礼而准备的；典礼时做的  state apartments  举行隆重礼仪用的房间 state visit  国事访问c  involving ceremony 礼仪的，正式的  state opening of Parliament  国会的正式开幕式 5 (usu. 通常 State)  civil government 国务  Church and State  教会与国务 Secretary of State  国务卿 6  pomp, rank, dignity 地位，级别，身份  as befits their state  正与他们的身份地位相称 7 (作 the States)  the legislative body in Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney (Jersey, Guernsey 及 Alderney 的)议会 8  each of two or more variant forms of a single edition of a book (同一版图书的)不同形式 9  a  an etched or engraved plate at a particular stage of its progress (制作到特定阶段的)腐蚀版(或凹版)b  an impression taken from this (腐蚀版或凹版的)印制物 ●v. tr.  1  express, esp. fully or clearly, in speech or writing (尤指充分或清楚地)陈述，说明，声明  have stated my opinion  陈述了我的观点 2  fix, specify 确定，规定  at stated intervals  在规定的间隔时间 3 Law  specify the facts of (a case) for consideration 【法律】详述(案情) 4 Mus.  play (a theme etc.) so as to make it known to the listener 【音】表现(主题等) □ in state   with all due ceremony 庄严地，隆重地，郑重地□ of state   concerning politics or government 有关政治的；有关政府的□ state of things (or affairs or play)   the circumstances; the current situation 事态；情况□ statable  adj.  □ statehood  n.   [Middle English: partly from ESTATE, partly from Latin STATUS]

state capitalism n.  a system of state control and use of capital 国家资本主义

statecraft /ˈsteitkrɑ:ft/ n.  the art of conducting affairs of State 治国艺术

State Department n. (in the US) the department of foreign affairs (美国)国务院

state house n.  1 US  the building where the legislature of a state meets [美]州议会大厦 2 NZ  a private house built at the government's expense [新]由政府出资建造的私有房屋

stateless /ˈsteitlis/ adj.  1 (of a person) having no nationality or citizenship (指人)无国籍的；无公民身份的 2  without a state or political community 无国家的 □ statelessness  n.  

statelet /ˈsteitlit/ n.  a small state 小国家

stately /ˈsteitli/ adj. (statelier, stateliest)  dignified; imposing; grand 威严的；庄重的；堂皇的 □ stateliness  n.  

stately home n. Brit.  a large magnificent house, esp. one open to the public [英] (尤指开放供人参观的)豪华住宅

statement /ˈsteitm(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of stating or being stated; expression in words 陈述，叙述；说明 2  a thing stated; a declaration 表达的内容；声明  that statement is unfounded  那种说法是无根据的 3  a formal account of facts, esp. to the police or in a court of law (尤指提供给警方或法庭的)供述  make a statement  提出供述 4  a record of transactions in a bank account etc. (银行账户等上的)交易记录 5  a formal notification of the amount due to a tradesman etc. 结算表；财务报表 6 (in the UK) an official assessment made by a local education authority relating to a child's special educational needs (英国) (地方教育机构对儿童特殊教育需求的)正式评估 ●v. tr. (often as 常作 statemented adj.)  officially assess as having special educational needs (对儿童特殊教育需求)做正式评估

state of emergency n.  a condition of danger or disaster affecting a country, esp. with normal constitutional procedures suspended 紧急状况(尤指造成国家正常体制瘫痪的危险或灾难)

state of grace n.  the condition of being free from grave sin 蒙恩释罪

state of life n.  rank and occupation 身份；地位；职业

state of the art n.  1  the current stage of development of a practical or technological subject (某一技术的)当前的发展水平 2 (usu. 通常 state-of-the-art) (作 attrib.)  using the latest techniques or equipment 最新式的，最先进的  state-of-the-art weaponry  最新武器装备

state of war n.  the situation when war has been declared or is in progress 战争状态

state pension  see 见 PENSION1 n. 1a 

state prisoner  see 见 PRISONER OF STATE 

stater /ˈsteitə/ n. hist.  an ancient Greek gold or silver coin [史义]古希腊金币(或银币) [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek statēr]

stateroom /ˈsteitru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  a state apartment in a palace, hotel, etc. (王宫、酒店等的)政府公寓 2  a private compartment in a passenger ship or US train (轮船的)包舱；[美] (火车的)包厢

state school n. Brit.  a school managed and funded by the public authorities [英]公立学校

state's evidence n.  = QUEEN'S EVIDENCE 

States General n. hist.  the legislative body in the Netherlands, and in France before 1789 [史义] (荷兰和 1789 年之前法国的)议会

stateside /ˈsteitsaid/ adj. esp. US colloq.  of, in, or towards the United States [尤美口]美国的，美国本土的

statesman /ˈsteitsmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. stateswoman, pl. -women)  1  a person skilled in affairs of state, esp. one taking an active part in politics (尤指政治上活跃的)国务活动家 2  a distinguished and capable politician (杰出有才干的)政治家 □ statesmanlike  adj.  □ statesmanly  adj.  □ statesmanship  n.   [= state's man, translating French homme d'état]

state socialism n.  a system of state control of industries and services 国家社会主义

statesperson /ˈsteitspɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a statesman or stateswoman 政治家；女政治家

states' rights n. pl. US  the rights and powers not assumed by the United States but reserved to its individual states [美]州的权力

state trial n.  prosecution by the State 由国家起诉的案件的审理

state university n. US  a university managed by the public authorities of a state [美]州立大学

statewide /ˈsteitwaid/ adj. US  so as to include or cover a whole state [美]全州的，遍及全州的

static /ˈstætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  stationary; not acting or changing; passive 静止的；静力的；静态的 2 Physics 【物理学】  a  concerned with bodies at rest or forces in equilibrium (opp. 反义 DYNAMIC adj. 2a) 静电的b  acting as weight but not moving 静止的；停滞的  static pressure  静压c  of statics 静力学的 ●n.  1  static electricity 静电 2  atmospherics 大气干扰；天电 [modern Latin staticus from Greek statikos, from sta- ‘stand’]

statical /ˈstætik(ə)l/ adj.  = STATIC  □ statically  adv.  

statice /ˈstætisi/ n.  1  sea lavender 匙叶草属植物 2  sea pink 海石竹 [Latin from Greek, fem. of statikos STATIC (with reference to staunching of blood)]

static electricity n.  electricity not flowing as a current 静电

static line n.  a length of cord attached to an aircraft etc. which releases a parachute without the use of a ripcord (系在飞机等上的)强制开伞拉绳

statics /ˈstætiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1  the science of bodies at rest or of forces in equilibrium (opp. 反义 DYNAMICS 1a) 静力学 2  = STATICn.  [from STATIC n. + -S1: see -ICS]

station /ˈsteiʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a regular stopping place on a railway line, with a platform and usu. administrative buildings 车站b  these buildings (see also 另见 BUS STATION, COACH STATION) 车站建筑 2  a place or building etc. where a person or thing stands or is placed, esp. habitually or for a definite purpose (尤指习惯性的或为某一目的而选择的)驻地，停泊地，岗位，位置 3  a  a designated point or establishment where a particular service or activity is based or organized 站；所；局  police station  警察局 polling station  投票站b US  a subsidiary post office [美]邮政支局 4  an establishment involved in radio or television broadcasting 广播电台；电视台 5  a  a military or naval base, esp. hist. in India [尤史义] (印度的)陆军基地；海军基地b  the inhabitants of this 军事基地人员 6  position in life; rank or status 地位；级别；身份  ideas above your station  超越你地位的想法 7 Austral. & NZ  a large sheep or cattle farm [澳新] (大型)牧牛(羊)场 8 Bot.  a particular place where an unusual species etc. grows 【植】(某个罕见品种等的)产地 ●v. tr.  1  assign a station to 派驻；驻扎 2  put in position 安置 [Middle English, = standing, via Old French from Latin statio -onis, from stare ‘stand’]

stationary /ˈsteiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  1  remaining in one place, not moving 静止的；停滞的  hit a stationary car  撞上了一辆停着的汽车 2  not meant to be moved; not portable 固定的；不可移动的  stationary troops  驻军 stationary engine  固定发动机 3  not changing in magnitude, number, quality, efficiency, etc. (大小、数量、质量、效率等)稳定的，不变的  stationary temperature  恒温 4 (of a planet) having no apparent motion in respect of longitude (行星)经度无明显移动的 □ stationariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin stationarius (as STATION)]

stationary air n.  air remaining in the lungs during ordinary respiration (正常呼吸时留在肺里的)滞留空气

stationary bicycle n.  a fixed exercise machine resembling a bicycle (锻炼用的)固定脚踏车

stationary point n. Math.  a point on a curve where the gradient is zero 【数】(曲线上倾斜率为零的)平稳点

stationary wave n. Physics 【物理学】  = STANDING WAVE 

station-bill n. Naut.  a list showing the prescribed stations of a ship's crew for various drills or in an emergency 【海】(针对不同训练或紧急情况下制定的)船上人员岗位部署表

station break n. N. Amer.  a pause between broadcast programmes for an announcement of the identity of the station transmitting them [北美]广播间歇(在广播节目中间短暂的间歇用以插播台名的时间)

stationer /ˈsteiʃ(ə)nə/ n.  a person who sells writing materials etc. 文具商 [Middle English, = bookseller (as STATIONARY in the medieval Latin sense ‘shopkeeper’, esp. a bookseller, as opposed to a pedlar)]

Stationers' Hall n.  the hall of the Stationers' Company in London, at which a book was formerly registered for purposes of copyright 伦敦书籍印刷出版经销同业公会会所

stationery /ˈsteiʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ n.  writing materials etc. sold by a stationer 文具

Stationery Office n. (in the UK) the Government's publishing house which also provides stationery for Government offices (英国)文书局(兼管政府机关办公文具用品的供应)

station hand n. Austral.  a worker on a large sheep or cattle farm [澳]牧场工人

station house n. US  a police station [美]派出所，警察局

station-keeping n.  the maintenance of one's proper relative position in a moving body of ships etc. 定位(指与航行中的船舶等保持适当的相对位置)

stationmaster /ˈsteiʃ(ə)nmɑ:stə/ n.  the official in charge of a railway station (火车站)站长

station of the cross n. RC Ch. 【天主教】  1  each of a series of usu. 14 images or pictures representing the events in Christ's passion before which devotions are performed in some churches 苦路(教堂内供人膜拜的关于耶稣受难经历的 14 幅图画或塑像) 2  each of these devotions 苦路祈祷

station pointer n. Naut.  a ship's navigational instrument, often a three-armed protractor, for fixing one's place on a chart from the angle in the horizontal plane between two landmarks or conspicuous objects at sea 【海】三杆定位仪(轮船上的航行仪器)

station sergeant n. Brit.  the sergeant in charge of a police station [英]警察局长

station wagon n. esp. US  an estate car [尤美]客货两用轿车；旅行轿车

statism /ˈsteitiz(ə)m/ n.  centralized State administration and control of social and economic affairs 中央集权制

statist n.  1 /ˈstætist/  a statistician 统计学者 2 /ˈsteitist/  a supporter of statism 中央集权论者 [originally = politician, from Italian statista (as STATE)]

statistic /stəˈtistik/ n. & adj. ●n.  a statistical fact or item 统计量；统计项 ●adj.  = STATISTICAL  [German statistisch, Statistik from Statist (as STATIST)]

statistical /stəˈtistik(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to statistics 统计的；与统计学相关的 □ statistically  adv.  

statistical physics n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  physics as it is concerned with large numbers of particles to which statistics can be applied 统计物理学

statistical significance n.  = SIGNIFICANCE 4 

statistics /stəˈtistiks/ n. pl.  1 (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of collecting and analysing numerical data, esp. in or for large quantities, and usu. inferring proportions in a whole from proportions in a representative sample (尤指针对庞大数量的)统计学 2  any systematic collection or presentation of such facts 统计；统计数据 □ statistician  /stætiˈstiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

stator /ˈsteitə/ n. Electr.  the stationary part of a machine, esp. of an electric motor or generator 【电】(尤指电动机或发电机的)定子 [STATIONARY, on the pattern of ROTOR]

statoscope /ˈstætəskəʊp/ n.  an aneroid barometer used to show minute variations of pressure, esp. to indicate the altitude of an aircraft (尤指可显示飞机海拔高度的)微动气压计，灵敏高度表 [Greek statos ‘fixed’ (from sta- ‘stand’) + -SCOPE]

statuary /ˈstætjʊəri, -tʃʊə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or for statues 雕塑的；适于雕塑的  statuary art  雕塑艺术 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  statues collectively 雕塑(总称) 2  the art of making statues 雕塑术 3  a sculptor 雕塑家 [Latin statuarius (as STATUE)]

statuary marble n.  fine-grained white marble 白色细纹的大理石

statue /ˈstætju:, -tʃu:/ n.  a sculptured, cast, carved, or moulded figure of a person or animal, esp. life-size or larger (cf. 参见 STATUETTE) (尤指与真人或实物大小相仿的)雕像，塑像，铸像 □ statued  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin statua, from stare ‘stand’]

statuesque /stætjʊˈesk, -tʃʊ-/ adj.  like, or having the dignity or beauty of, a statue 雕像般的；庄严优美的 □ statuesquely  adv.  □ statuesqueness  n.   [STATUE + -ESQUE, on the pattern of picturesque]

statuette /stætjʊˈet, -tʃʊ-/ n.  a small statue; a statue less than life-size (比真实尺寸小的)小雕像，小塑像，小铸像 [French, diminutive of statue]

stature /ˈstætʃə/ n.  1  the height of a (esp. human) body (尤指人的)身高，身材 2  a degree of eminence, social standing, or advancement; mental or moral calibre (名望、社会地位或职位的)高位；(精神道德等的)高境界，高水平  recruit someone of his stature  招收他那样高水平的人 □ statured  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin statura, from stare stat- ‘stand’]

status /ˈsteitəs/ n.  1  rank, social position, relation to others, relative importance 地位；身份  not sure of their status in the hierarchy  对他们在等级制度中的地位没有把握 2  a superior social etc. position 重要地位，高位  considering your status in the business  考虑到你在公司的重要地位 3 Law  a person's legal standing which determines his or her rights and duties, e.g. citizen, alien, commoner, civilian, etc. 【法律】(确定一个人权利和义务的)法律地位，法律身份(如公民、侨民、平民等) 4  the position of affairs 情形；状况  let me know if the status changes  情况如有变要告诉我 [Latin, = standing, from stare ‘stand’]

status quo /steitəs ˈkwəʊ/ n.  the existing state of affairs 现状 [Latin, = the state in which]

status quo ante /ˌsteitəs kwəʊ ˈænti/ n.  the previously existing state of affairs 原状，以前的状况 [Latin, = ‘the state in which before’]

status symbol n.  a possession etc. taken to indicate a person's high status 社会地位象征(如财产等)

statutable /ˈstætjʊtəb(ə)l, -tʃʊ-/ adj.  statutory, esp. in amount or value (尤指数量或价值的)法定的，法律承认的 □ statutably  adv.  

statute /ˈstætju:t, -tʃu:t/ n.  1  a written law passed by a legislative body, e.g. an Act of Parliament 成文法，法令，法规(如议会法令) 2  a rule of a corporation, founder, etc., intended to be permanent (公司、创立者等订立的)规章，条例  against the University Statutes  违反大学规章 3  divine law 圣法  kept thy statutes  遵守您的圣法 [Middle English via Old French statut from Late Latin statutum, neut. past part. of Latin statuere ‘set up’ from status: see STATUS]

statute-barred adj. Brit. (of a case etc.) no longer legally enforceable by reason of the lapse of time [英] (案件等)超时而不再其有法律效力的

statute book n.  1  a book or books containing the statute law 成文法令全书 2  the body of a country's statutes 国家成文法规汇编

statute law n.  1 (collect. 集合名词)  the body of principles and rules of law laid down in statutes as distinct from rules formulated in practical application (cf. 参见 COMMON LAW, CASE LAW) 成文法 2  a statute 法规，法令

statute mile  see 见 MILE 1 

statute roll n.  1  the rolls in the Public Records Office containing the statutes of the Parliament of England (英国公共档案办公室中存放的有关英国议会法令规章的)法令档案 2  a statute book 

statutes at large n. pl.  the statutes as originally enacted, regardless of later modifications (原先制定的、不包括日后修订内容的)原始法令

statutory /ˈstætjʊt(ə)ri, -tʃʊ-/ adj.  required, permitted, or enacted by statute 法令的；法定的；依照法令的  statutory minimum  法定最低限 statutory provisions  法定条款 □ statutorily  adv.  

statutory rape n. US  the act of sexual intercourse with a minor [美]法定强奸(未成年人)罪

staunch1 /stɔ:n(t)ʃ/ adj. (also 亦作 stanch)  1  trustworthy, loyal 可靠的；忠实的  my staunch friend and supporter  我忠诚的朋友和支持者 2 (of a ship, joint, etc.) strong, watertight, airtight, etc. (轮船、连接处等)牢固的，密封的 □ staunchly  adv.  □ staunchness  n.   [Middle English via Old French estanche, fem. of estanc, from Romanic]

staunch2 /stɔ:n(t)ʃ, stɑ:n(t)ʃ/ v. tr. (also 亦作 stanch /stɑ:n(t)ʃ, stɔ:n(t)ʃ/)  1  restrain the flow of (esp. blood) 止住(尤指血) 2  restrain the flow from (esp. a wound) 止血(尤指由伤口流出的) [Middle English via Old French estanchier from Romanic]

stave /steiv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the curved pieces of wood forming the sides of a cask, pail, etc. (制木桶、提桶等用的)桶板，桶材 2  = STAFF1n. 3  3  a stanza or verse 诗节；诗篇 4  the rung of a ladder  ●v. tr. (past and past part. stove /stəʊv/ or staved)  1  break a hole in 凿孔 2  crush or knock out of shape 打碎；敲碎 3  fit or provide (a cask etc.) with staves 装(或换)桶板 □ stave in   crush by forcing inwards 压坏，压碎□ stave off (past and past part. staved)   avert or defer (esp. danger or misfortune) 避免，防止(尤指危险、灾祸等) [Middle English, back-formation from staves, pl. of STAFF1]

stave rhyme n.  alliteration, esp. in old Germanic poetry (尤指德国古诗中的)头韵

staves pl.  of STAFF1 n. 3 

stavesacre /ˈsteivzeikə/ n.  a larkspur, Delphinium staphisagria, yielding seeds used as an insecticide 燕草属植物(其籽可用作杀虫剂) [Middle English via Latin staphisagria from Greek staphis agria ‘wild raisin’]

stay1 /stei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  continue to be in the same place or condition; not depart or change 停留；维持；不离开；不变动  stay here until I come back  留在这里等我回来 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in, with)  have temporary residence as a visitor etc. (过访或做客等)逗留；暂住  stayed with them for Christmas  留下来和他们一起过圣诞节b Sc. & S. Afr.  dwell permanently [苏格兰和南非]长久居住 3 archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  a tr.  stop or check (progress, the inroads of a disease, etc.) 中止；抑止(进程、疾病的发展等)b intr. (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句中)  pause in movement, action, speech, etc. (活动、行动、发言等时)停止，暂停  Stay! You forget one thing  停下！你忘了一件事 4 tr.  postpone (judgement, decision, etc.) 延迟，推迟(判断、决定等) 5 tr.  assuage (hunger etc.) esp. for a short time (尤指暂时)解除(饥饿等) 6  a intr.  show endurance 持续；坚持b tr.  show endurance to the end of (a race etc.) 坚持到(比赛等)结束 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) literary  support, prop up (as or with a buttress etc.) [文学用语]支持，扶持 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for, to)  wait long enough to share or join in an activity etc. 等待到(参加某一活动的时刻)  stay to supper  留下来吃晚饭 stay for the film  留下来看电影 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of staying or dwelling in one place 逗留；停留b  the duration of this 逗留(或停留)时间  just a ten-minute stay  仅 10 分钟的逗留时间 a long stay in London  在伦敦的长期逗留 2  a suspension or postponement of a sentence, judgement, etc. (判决、判断等的)延迟，推迟  was granted a stay of execution  准予死缓 3 archaic or literary  a check or restraint [古义] [文学用语]控制；抑制  will endure no stay  不容忍任何抑制 a stay upon his activity  对他活动的限制 4  endurance, staying power 忍耐力；耐性 5  a prop or support 支撑物 6 (in pl. 用复数) hist.  a corset esp. with whalebone etc. stiffening, and laced [史义] (尤指用鲸须等支撑的)紧身褡；胸衣 □ has come (or is here) to stay  colloq.  must be regarded as permanent [口]稳定下来□ stay the course   pursue a course of action or endure a struggle etc. to the end 坚持到底；持续到底□ stay in   remain indoors or at home, esp. in school after hours as a punishment 在家，未外出；(尤指作为惩罚的)课后留堂□ stay one's hand   see 见 HAND □ stay the night   remain until the next day 过夜□ stay put   remain where it is placed or where one is 留在原地；固定不动□ stay up   not go to bed (until late at night) 不睡觉，熬夜□ stayer  n.   [Anglo-French estai-, stem of Old French ester, from Latin stare ‘stand’]

stay2 /stei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a Naut.  a rope supporting a mast 【海】支索b  a guy or rope supporting a flagstaff or other pole (旗杆等的)牵索；牵链 2  a tie-piece in an aircraft etc. (飞机等的)拉杆 ●v. tr.  1  support (a mast etc.) by stays 用支索支撑(桅杆等) 2  put (a sailing ship) on another tack 使(航行中的船)转向 □ be in stays  (of a sailing ship) be head to the wind while tacking (航行中的船)在抢掉中，在掉换方向□ miss stays   fail to be in stays 抢风失败 [Old English stœg ‘be firm’, from Germanic]

stay-at-home adj. & n. ●adj.  remaining habitually at home 常在家的，不爱出门的 ●n.  a person who does this 很少外出的人

stay-bar n.  a support used in building or in machinery (建筑或机械中用的)撑杆

staying power n.  endurance, stamina 耐久力，持久力

stay-in strike n. Brit.  a sit-down strike (see 见 SIT-DOWN adj. 2) [英]静坐罢工

stay-rod n.  = STAY-BAR 

staysail /ˈsteiseil, ˈsteis(ə)l/ n.  a triangular fore-and-aft sail extended on a stay 支索帆(挂在支索上的三角帆)

stay-up adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of stockings) having elasticated tops and not needing suspenders to stay up (长袜)有松紧口的 ●n.  such a stocking 有松紧口的长袜

St Bernard /ˈbɜ:nəd/ n. (in full 全称 St Bernard dog)  1  a very large dog of a breed originally kept to rescue travellers by the monks of the Hospice on the Great St Bernard pass in the Alps 圣伯纳德犬(体大，原为阿尔卑斯山圣伯纳德济贫院为救助雪地遇难旅客而驯养) 2  this breed 圣伯纳德品种的犬

STD abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit.  subscriber trunk dialling [英]用户直通长途电话 2  sexually transmitted disease 性传播疾病 3  Doctor of Sacred Theology 神学博士 [sense 3 from Latin Sanctae Theologiae Doctor]

stead /sted/ n.   □ in a person's (or thing's) stead   as a substitute; instead of him or her or it (某人或某物的)替代，接替□ stand a person in good stead   be advantageous or serviceable to him or her 对某人有好处(或有用) [Old English stede ‘place’, from Germanic]

steadfast /ˈstedfɑ:st, -fəst/ adj.  constant, firm, unwavering 不变的；坚定的；固定的 □ steadfastly  adv.  □ steadfastness  n.   [Old English stedefœst (as STEAD, FAST1)]

steading /ˈstediŋ/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a farmstead [苏格兰和英格兰北部]农场及其建筑物

steady /ˈstedi/ adj., v., adv., int. & n. ●adj. (steadier, steadiest)  1  firmly fixed or supported or standing or balanced; not tottering, rocking, or wavering 稳固的；平稳的；不摇晃的 2  done or operating or happening in a uniform and regular manner 稳定的；有规律的  a steady pace  恒稳的步调 a steady increase  稳定的增长 3  a  constant in mind or conduct; not changeable 镇定的；冷静的；沉着的b  persistent 坚持的，持续的 4 (of a person) serious and dependable in behaviour; of industrious and temperate habits; safe; cautious (人)稳重的；持重的；可靠的；谨慎的 5  regular, established 固定的；确定的  a steady girlfriend  固定的女朋友 6  accurately directed; not faltering; controlled 准确把握的；不颤抖的；被控制的  a steady hand  坚定的手 a steady eye  准确的目光 steady nerves  沉着稳定的情绪 7 (of a ship) on course and upright (船)保持航向的 ●v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  make or become steady 使平稳；变平稳  steady the boat  稳住船 ●adv.  steadily 平稳地，稳固地  hold it steady  把它扶稳 ●int.  as a command or warning to take care 当心；注意(用作命令或警告) ●n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a regular boyfriend or girlfriend [口] (固定的)男朋友(或女朋友) □ go steady  (often foll. by 常后跟 with) colloq.  have as a regular boyfriend or girlfriend [口]有固定的情侣关系□ steady down   become steady 稳定下来，镇定下来□ steady on!  Brit.  take care! [英]小心！ □ steadier  n.  □ steadily  adv.  □ steadiness  n.   [STEAD + -Y1]

steady-going adj.  staid; sober 稳重的；沉着的

steady state n.  an unvarying condition in a physical process etc., esp. as in the (now rarely held) theory that the universe is eternal and maintained by constant creation of matter (尤指宇宙恒稳态学说中的)恒稳态，定态

steak /steik/ n.  1  a thick slice of meat (esp. beef) or fish, often cut for grilling, frying, etc. (通常用于烤、煎等的)大块肉片(尤指牛肉)；鱼肉片 2  beef cut for stewing or braising (炖、煮用的)牛肉 [Middle English from Old Norse steik, related to steikja ‘roast on spit’, stikna ‘be roasted’]

steakhouse /ˈsteikhaʊs/ n.  a restaurant specializing in serving beefsteaks 牛排餐馆

steak knife n.  a knife with a serrated steel blade for eating steak 牛排餐刀

steal /sti:l/ v. & n. ●v. (past stole /stəʊl/; past part. stolen /ˈstəʊlən/)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  take (another person's property) illegally 偷窃，偷盗(他人财物)b  take (property etc.) without right or permission, esp. in secret with the intention of not returning it (尤指不打算归还的暗中)擅自占有；侵占 2 tr.  obtain surreptitiously or by surprise (秘密或出其不意地)偷取  stole a kiss  偷吻 3 tr.  a  gain insidiously or artfully 用不正当手段取得；巧妙地占有b (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  win or get possession of (a person's affections etc.), esp. insidiously (尤指阴险地)骗取(他人的感情等)  stole her heart away  骗得她的欢心 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, away, up, etc.)  a  move, esp. silently or stealthily (尤指悄悄地或偷偷地)移动  stole out of the room  悄悄溜出房间b (of a sound etc.) become gradually perceptible (声音等)逐渐变得清晰 5 tr.  a (in various sports) gain (a run, the ball, etc.) surreptitiously or by luck (在体育比赛中)意外地赢得(跑垒等)b Baseball  run to (a base) while the pitcher is in the act of delivery 【垒球】偷(垒) ●n.  1 US colloq.  the act or an instance of stealing or theft [美口]偷盗；行窃 2 colloq.  an unexpectedly easy task or good bargain [口]轻而易举的事情；意想不到的便宜买卖 □ steal a march on   get an advantage over by surreptitious means; anticipate 偷抢在某人之前；占先□ steal the show   outshine other performers, esp. unexpectedly (尤指出其不意地)抢出风头□ steal a person's thunder   1  use another person's idea, policy, etc., and spoil the effect the originator hoped to achieve by expressing it or acting upon it first 抢先利用；剽窃别人的主意(或方法等) 2  take the limelight or attention from another person 抢出风头□ stealer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词中)   [Old English stelan, from Germanic]

stealth /stelθ/ n.  1  secrecy, a secret procedure 秘密行动，暗中行动 2 (作 attrib.)  designed in accordance with or designating the technology which makes detection by radar or sonar difficult 不易被雷达(或声呐)发现的  stealth bomber  隐形轰炸机 □ by stealth   surreptitiously 秘密地，暗中地 [Middle English from Old English (as STEAL, -TH2)]

stealthy /ˈstelθi/ adj. (stealthier, stealthiest)  1 (of an action) done with stealth; proceeding imperceptibly (行动)暗中进行的；秘密的 2 (of a person or thing) acting or moving with stealth (人或物)鬼鬼祟祟的，悄无声息的 □ stealthily  adv.  □ stealthiness  n.  

steam /sti:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the gas into which water is changed by boiling, used as a source of power by virtue of its expansion of volume 蒸汽；水蒸气b  a mist of liquid particles of water produced by the condensation of this gas 雾气 2  any similar vapour 水汽 3  a  energy or power provided by a steam engine or other machine (由蒸汽机或其他机器提供的)蒸汽动力b colloq.  power or energy generally [口]力量，精力 ●v.  1 tr.  a  cook (food) in steam 蒸煮(食物)b  soften or make pliable (timber etc.) or otherwise treat with steam 用蒸汽软化(木料等) 2 intr.  give off steam or other vapour, esp. visibly (尤指能被看见地)冒蒸汽，冒水汽 3 intr.  a  move under steam power 靠蒸汽动力移动  the ship steamed down the river  船沿江而下b (foll. by 后跟 ahead, away, etc.) colloq.  proceed or travel fast or with vigour [口]高速前进；奋力前进 4 tr. & intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  a  cover or become covered with condensed steam 蒙上水汽；蒙上雾气b (as 作 steamed up adj.) colloq.  angry or excited [口]生气；激动 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 open etc.)  apply steam to the gum of (a sealed envelope) to get it open 用蒸汽打开(信封) 6 intr. slang (of a gang) pass rapidly through a public place, robbing bystanders by force of numbers [俚语] (一伙人)在公众场合集结哄抢 □ get up steam   1  generate enough power to work a steam engine 开足蒸汽驱动动蒸汽机 2  work oneself into an energetic or angry state 振作精神；恼怒□ let off steam   relieve one's pent up feelings or energy 发泄被压抑的感情(或精力)□ run out of steam   lose one's impetus or energy 失去动力；精疲力竭□ steam in  slang  start or join a fight [俚语]打架□ under one's own steam   without assistance; unaided 自助；无帮手 [Old English stēam, from Germanic]

steam age n.  the era when trains were drawn by steam locomotives 蒸汽机车时代

steam bath n.  a room etc. filled with steam for bathing in 蒸汽浴室

steamboat /ˈsti:mbəʊt/ n.  a boat propelled by a steam engine 汽船

steam boiler n.  a vessel (in a steam engine etc.) in which water is boiled to generate steam (蒸汽机车等中的)蒸汽锅炉

steam engine n.  1  an engine which uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power 蒸汽机 2  a locomotive powered by this 蒸汽机车

steamer /ˈsti:mə/ n.  1  a person or thing that steams 蒸煮食物的人；蒸煮物 2  a vessel propelled by steam, esp. a ship 汽船 3  a receptacle in which things are steamed, esp. cooked by steam (尤指用蒸汽进行蒸煮的)蒸笼；蒸锅 4 colloq.  a wetsuit [口]紧身潜水服 5 slang  a member of a gang involved in steaming (see 见 STEAM v. 6) [俚语]集结成群哄抢者

steamer rug n. US  a travelling rug [美] (旅行时用的)船用毛毯

steam gauge n.  a pressure gauge attached to a steam boiler 蒸汽压力表

steam hammer n.  a forging-hammer powered by steam 蒸汽锤

steam-heat n. & v. ●n.  heat produced by steam, esp. by a central heating system that uses steam (尤指利用蒸汽加热的中央供暖系统所提供的)蒸汽热 ●v. tr.  heat using steam 蒸汽加热；蒸汽供暖

steam iron n.  an electric iron that emits steam from holes in its flat surface to improve its pressing ability 蒸汽电熨斗

steam-jacket n.  a casing for steam round a cylinder, for heating its contents (给汽缸加热时用的)蒸汽套

steam organ n.  a fairground pipe organ driven by a steam engine and played by means of a keyboard or a system of punched cards 蒸汽风琴

steam power n.  the force of steam applied to machinery etc. 蒸汽动力

steamroll /ˈsti:mrəʊl/ v. tr. esp. US [尤美]  = STEAMROLLERv. 

steamroller /ˈsti:mrəʊlə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a heavy slow-moving vehicle with a roller, used to flatten new-made roads 蒸汽压路机 2  a crushing power or force 压倒性力量；不可阻挡的力量 ●v. tr.  1  crush forcibly or indiscriminately 压碎，压垮 2 (foll. by 后跟 through)  force (a measure etc.) through a legislature by overriding opposition 使(议案等)在立法机构强行通过

steamship /ˈsti:mʃip/ n.  a ship propelled by a steam engine 汽船

steam shovel n.  an excavator powered by steam 汽铲，蒸汽挖土机

steam-tight adj.  impervious to steam 汽密的；不漏蒸汽的

steam train n.  a train driven by a steam engine 蒸汽机火车

steam tug n.  a steamer for towing ships etc. (用于拖曳轮船等的)蒸汽拖轮

steam turbine n.  a turbine in which a high-velocity jet of steam rotates a bladed disc or drum 蒸汽涡轮机

steamy /ˈsti:mi/ adj. (steamier, steamiest)  1  like or full of steam 蒸汽似的；充满蒸汽的 2 colloq.  erotic, salacious [口]色情的，淫荡的 □ steamily  adv.  □ steaminess  n.  

stearic /ˈstiərik, stiˈærik/ adj.  derived from stearin 硬脂的 □ stearate  /ˈstiəreit/ n.   [French stéarique from Greek stear steatos ‘tallow’]

stearic acid n.  a solid saturated fatty acid obtained from animal or vegetable fats (从动物或植物脂肪获取的)硬脂酸

stearin /ˈstiərin/ n.  1  a glyceryl ester of stearic acid, esp. in the form of a white crystalline constituent of tallow etc. 硬脂，硬脂酸丙三脂 2  a mixture of fatty acids used in candle-making (制蜡用的)混合脂肪酸 [French stéarine from Greek stear steatos ‘tallow’]

steatite /ˈstiətait/ n.  a soapstone or other impure form of talc 皂石；块滑石 □ steatitic  /-ˈtitik/ adj.   [Latin steatitis from Greek steatītēs, from stear steatos ‘tallow’]

steatopygia /stiətə(ʊ)ˈpidʒiə/ n.  an excess of fat on the buttocks 臀脂过多 □ steatopygous  /-ˈpaiɡəs, -ˈtɒpiɡəs/ adj.   [modern Latin (as STEATITE + Greek pugē ‘rump’)]

steed /sti:d/ n. archaic or poet.  a horse, esp. a fast powerful one [古义] [诗]马(尤指骏马) [Old English stēda ‘stallion’: related to STUD2]

steel /sti:l/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  any of various grey or greyish-blue alloys of iron with carbon and usu. other elements, much used as structural materials and in manufacturing 钢，钢铁 2  hardness of character; strength, firmness (性格的)坚毅；刚强，坚强  nerves of steel  钢铁般的坚毅 3  a  a rod of steel, usu. roughened and tapering, on which knives are sharpened (磨刀用的)钢棒b  a strip of steel for expanding a skirt or stiffening a corset (撑开妇女衣裙或固定胸衣用的)钢条，钢丝 4 (not in pl. 不用复数) literary  a sword, lance, etc. [文学用语]剑(或长矛等)  warriors worthy of their steel  名副其实的武士 ●adj.  1  made of steel 钢的，钢制的 2  like or having the characteristics of steel 钢铁般的；坚强的 ●v. tr. & refl.  harden or make resolute 使坚硬；使坚强  steeled myself for a shock  使自己坚强，能承受打击 [Old English styˉle, stēli from Germanic: related to STAY2]

steel band n.  a band of musicians who play (chiefly calypso-style) music on steel drums (主要指即兴演奏特立尼达岛上土著人乐曲的)铜鼓乐队

steel-clad adj.  wearing armour 穿戴盔甲的

steel engraving n.  the process of engraving on or an impression taken from a steel-coated copper plate 钢凹板雕刻；钢凹板印刷品

steelhead /ˈsti:lhed/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a large rainbow trout esp. after spawning [尤北美] (尤指产卵后的)硬头鳟

steel wool n.  an abrasive substance consisting of a mass of fine steel shavings (用于磨刷的)钢丝绒，百洁丝

steelwork /ˈsti:lwɜ:k/ n.  articles of steel 钢制品

steelworks /ˈsti:lwɜ:ks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a place where steel is manufactured 炼钢厂，钢铁厂 □ steelworker  n.  

steely /ˈsti:li/ adj. (steelier, steeliest)  1  of, or hard as, steel 钢的；坚硬如钢的 2  inflexibly severe; cold; ruthless 极严格的；冷酷的；无情的  steely composure  冷静镇定 steely-eyed glance  冷酷无情的目光 □ steeliness  n.  

steelyard /ˈsti:ljɑ:d, ˈstiljəd/ n.  a kind of balance with a short arm to take the item to be weighed and a long graduated arm along which a weight is moved until it balances 杆秤，提秤

steenbok /ˈsti:nbɒk, ˈstein-/ n.  a small African antelope, Raphicerus campestris (非洲产的)小岩羚 [Dutch, from steen STONE + bok BUCK1]

steep1 /sti:p/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  sloping sharply; almost perpendicular 陡的；陡峭的  a steep hill  陡峭的山 steep stairs  陡直的楼梯 2 (of a rise or fall) rapid (上升或下降)急速的  a steep drop in share prices  股价暴跌 3 (作 predic.) colloq.  a (of a demand, price, etc.) exorbitant; unreasonable (esp. 尤用于 a bit steep 过分了点儿) [口] (要求、价格等)过分的；不含理的b (of a story etc.) exaggerated; incredible (故事等)夸张的；不可信的 ●n.  a steep slope; a precipice 陡坡；悬崖，峭壁 □ steepen  v. intr. & tr.  □ steepish  adj.  □ steeply  adv.  □ steepness  n.   [Old English stēap from West Germanic: related to STOOP1]

steep2 /sti:p/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  soak or bathe in liquid 泡；浸泡 2 (foll. by 后跟 in; usu. in passive 通常用被动)  a  pervade or imbue with 使充满；使弥漫  steeped in misery  饱尝艰辛b  make deeply acquainted with (a subject etc.) 使精通(某学科等)  steeped in the classics  对古典作品造诣颇深 ●n.  1  the act or process of steeping 泡；浸泡 2  the liquid for steeping 浸泡液 [Middle English via Old English from Germanic: related to STOUP]

steeple /ˈsti:p(ə)l/ n.  a tall tower, esp. one surmounted by a spire, above the roof of a church (教堂顶上的)尖塔 □ steepled  adj.   [Old English stēpel styˉpel from Germanic: related to STEEP1]

steeplechase /ˈsti:p(ə)ltʃeis/ n.  1  a horse race (originally with a steeple as the goal) across the countryside or on a racecourse with ditches, hedges, etc., to jump (越过沟壕、障碍物等的)障碍赛马(原用一尖顶作为终点的标志) 2  a cross-country foot race 越野赛跑 □ steeplechaser  n.  □ steeplechasing  n.  

steeple-crowned adj. (of a hat) with a tall pointed crown (帽子)有高尖顶的

steeplejack /ˈsti:p(ə)ldʒæk/ n.  a person who climbs tall chimneys, steeples, etc., to do repairs etc. (在烟囱、尖顶等上作业的)高空作业修建工

steer1 /stiə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  guide (a vehicle, aircraft, etc.) by a wheel etc. (用方向盘等)驾驶(车、飞机等)b  guide (a vessel) by a rudder or helm (用舵或舵轮)驾驶(船) 2 intr.  guide a vessel or vehicle in a specified direction 操纵车(或船)的行驶方向  tried to steer left  试图驶向左方 3 tr.  direct (one's course) 指示(路线) 4 intr.  direct one's course in a specified direction 沿着特定路线前进  steered for the railway station  朝火车站方向驶去 5 tr.  guide the movement or trend of 导引  steered them into the garden  把他们领进花园 steered the conversation away from that subject  把谈话从那个话题岔开 ●n. US  steering; guidance [美]驾驶；指导 □ steer clear of   take care to avoid 绕开，避开□ steerable  adj.  □ steerer  n.  □ steering  n. (esp. in senses 1, 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 1 和 2)   [Old English stieran, from Germanic]

steer2 /stiə/ n.  = BULLOCK  [Old English stēor, from Germanic]

steerage /ˈstiəridʒ/ n.  1  the act of steering 操舵 2  the effect of the helm on a ship 舵效 3 esp. hist.  the part of a ship allotted to passengers travelling at the cheapest rate [尤史义] (客轮的)统舱(位于近舵处，票价最便宜) 4 hist. (in a warship) quarters assigned to midshipmen etc. just forward of the wardroom [史义] (军舰的)下级军官舱

steerage-way n.  the amount of headway required by a vessel to enable it to be controlled by the helm 舵效航速

steering column n.  the shaft or column which connects the steering wheel, handlebars, etc. of a vehicle to the rest of the steering gear (汽车的)转向柱

steering committee n.  a committee deciding the priorities or order of business, or managing the general course of operations (决定业务的先后次序或顺序、管理总的操作程序的)程序委员会；指导委员会

steering wheel n.  a wheel by which a vehicle etc. is steered 舵轮；方向盘

steersman /ˈstiəzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who steers a vessel 舵手，操舵员

steeve1 /sti:v/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  the angle of the bowsprit in relation to the horizontal 船首斜桅仰角 ●v.  1 intr. (of a bowsprit) make an angle with the horizontal (船首斜桅)倾斜 2 tr.  cause (the bowsprit) to do this 使船首斜桅倾斜 [17th c.: origin unknown]

steeve2 /sti:v/ n. & v. Naut. 【海】  ●n.  a long spar used in stowing cargo (装填货物用的)起重桅 ●v. tr.  stow with a steeve 用起重桅装填货物 [Middle English via Old French estiver or Spanish estivar from Latin stipare ‘pack tight’]

stegosaurus /steɡəˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (also 亦作 stegosaur /ˈsteɡəsɔ:/)  a small-headed plant-eating dinosaur of the suborder Stegosauria, with a double row of large bony plates (or spines) along the back 剑龙(一种食草性恐龙，头小，背部长有两排骨盘) [modern Latin, from Greek stegē ‘covering’ + sauros ‘lizard’]

stein /stain/ n.  a large (usu. earthenware) mug, esp. for beer (通常为陶制的)大杯子(尤指啤酒杯) [German, literally ‘stone’]

steinbock /ˈstainbɒk/ n.  1  an ibex native to the Alps 阿尔卑斯野山羊 2  = STEENBOK  [German, from Stein STONE + Bock BUCK1]

stela /ˈsti:lə/ n. (pl. stelae /-li:/) Archaeol.  an upright slab or pillar usu. with an inscription and sculpture, esp. as a gravestone 【考古】(刻有文字或雕像的)石碑；石柱(尤指墓碑) [Latin from Greek (as STELE)]

stele /sti:l, ˈsti:li/ n.  1 Bot.  the axial cylinder of vascular tissue in the stem and roots of most plants 【植】中柱(植物茎或根部维管组织中的轴核) 2 Archaeol. 【考古】  = STELA  □ stelar  adj.   [Greek stēlē ‘standing block’]

Stella /ˈstelə/   斯特拉 [人名]

stellar /ˈstelə/ adj.  1  of or relating to a star or stars 恒星的；与恒星(或星群)相关的 2 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  having star performers 有明星的，有名演员的  stellar cast  明星阵容b colloq.  outstanding [口]杰出的，一流的  stellar performance by the team  球队的出色表现 □ stelliform  adj.   [Late Latin stellaris from Latin stella ‘star’]

stellate /ˈsteleit, -lət/ adj. (also 亦作 stellated /steˈleitid/)  1  arranged like a star; radiating 星状的；辐射状的 2 Bot. (of leaves) surrounding the stem in a whorl 【植】(叶)轮生体的 [Latin stellatus from stella ‘star’]

stellular /ˈsteljʊlə/ adj.  shaped like, or set with, small stars 小星形的；星点花样的；布满星点的 [Late Latin stellula, diminutive of Latin stella ‘star’]

St Elmo's fire /ˈelməʊz/ n.  a corposant 天电光球 [from its being regarded as a sign of protection from St Elmo, the patron saint of sailors]

stem1 /stem/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, usu. rising above ground, but occasionally subterranean (植物或灌木的)茎，干 2  the stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk (果实、花朵、叶片的)梗 3  a stem-shaped part of an object esp. (物体的)茎状部位，(尤指):a  the slender part of a wineglass between the body and the foot (葡萄酒杯杯身与底脚之间的)柄脚b  the tube of a tobacco pipe (烟斗的)柄c  a vertical stroke in a letter or musical note (字母的)直立的笔划；(音符的)符干d  the winding-shaft of a watch (钟表上发条时用的)转柄 4 Gram.  the root or main part of a noun, verb, etc., to which inflections are added; the part that appears unchanged throughout the cases and derivatives of a noun, persons of a tense, etc. 【语法】(名词、动词等的)词干 5 Naut.  the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship to which the ship's sides are joined at the fore-end 【海】艏柱(船首的竖立木柱或金属柱)  from stem to stern  从船头至船尾 6  a line of ancestry, branch of a family, etc. 家系  descended from an ancient stem  来自一个古老的世家 7 (in full 全称 drill stem)  a rotating rod, cylinder, etc., used in drilling (用于钻孔的)钻杆 ●v. (stemmed, stemming)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  spring or originate from 源于，源自  stems from a desire to win  出于获胜的愿望 2 tr.  remove the stem or stems from (fruit, tobacco, etc.) 去除(果实、烟草等的)梗茎 3 tr. (of a vessel etc.) hold its own or make headway against (the tide etc.) (船等)逆流而行 □ stemless  adj.  □ stemlet  n.  □ stemlike  adj.  □ stemmed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English stemn, stefn from Germanic: related to STAND]

stem2 /stem/ v. & n. ●v. (stemmed, stemming)  1 tr.  check or stop 阻止；阻挡 2 tr.  dam up (a stream etc.) 筑坝拦住(水流等) 3 intr.  slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards usu. in order to turn or slow down 转动滑雪橇(以停止滑行或转弯) ●n.  an act of stemming on skis (为停止滑行或转弯而做的)转动滑雪橇 [Old Norse stemma, from Germanic]

stem cell n. Biol.  an undifferentiated cell from which specialized cells develop 【生】干细胞(产生专门的特化细胞的非特化细胞)

stemma /ˈstemə/ n. (pl. stemmata /ˈstemətə/)  1  a family tree; a pedigree 世系；家谱 2  the line of descent e.g. of variant texts of a work (表示一部文学作品各种稿本关系的)稿本关系图 3 Zool.  a simple eye; a facet of a compound eye 【动】侧单眼；(复眼的)小眼面 [Latin from Greek stemma ‘wreath’, from stephō ‘wreathe’]

stemple /ˈstemp(ə)l/ n.  each of several crossbars in a mine shaft serving as supports or steps (用作支撑或梯级的)井筒内横木 [17th c.: origin uncertain: cf. Middle High German stempfel]

stem stitch n.  an embroidery stitch used for narrow stems etc. 绳状针脚

stem turn n.  a turn on skis made by stemming with one ski (滑雪中的)停滑转弯

stemware /ˈstemwɛə/ n. US  glasses with stems [美]高脚玻璃器皿

stem-winder n. US  a watch wound by turning a head on the end of a stem rather than by a key [美] (不用钥匙而)用转柄上发条的手表

stench /sten(t)ʃ/ n.  an offensive or foul smell 恶臭，臭气 [Old English stenc ‘smell’ from Germanic: related to STINK]

stench trap n.  a trap in a sewer etc. to prevent the upward passage of gas (阴沟等中的)防臭瓣，存水湾

stencil /ˈstensil, -s(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 stencil-plate)  a thin sheet of plastic, metal, card, etc., in which a pattern or lettering is cut, used to produce a corresponding pattern on the surface beneath it by applying ink, paint, etc. (印刷图案或文字用的)模版，蜡纸 2  the pattern, lettering, etc., produced by a stencil-plate (用模版或蜡纸版印成的)图案(或文字等) 3  a waxed sheet etc. from which a stencil is made by means of a typewriter (油印用的)蜡纸 ●v. tr. (stencilled, stencilling; US [美] stenciled, stenciling)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  produce (a pattern) with a stencil 用模版印刷(图案) 2  decorate or mark (a surface) in this way (在某物表面)用模版印上图案(或文字) [Middle English from Old French estanceler ‘sparkle, cover with stars’, from estencele ‘spark’, ultimately from Latin scintilla]

Sten gun /sten/ n.  a type of lightweight sub-machine gun 斯特恩式轻机枪 [S and T (the initials of the inventors' surnames, Shepherd and Turpin) + -en on the pattern of BREN]

steno /ˈstenəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) N. Amer. colloq.  a stenographer [北美口]速记员 [abbreviation]

stenography /stiˈnɒɡrəfi/ n.  shorthand or the art of writing this 速记；速记法 □ stenographer  n.  □ stenographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.   [Greek stenos ‘narrow’ + -GRAPHY]

stenosis /stiˈnəʊsis/ n. Med.  the abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body 【医】(器官)狭窄 □ stenotic  /-ˈnɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek stenōsis ‘narrowing’ via stenoō ‘make narrow’ from stenos ‘narrow’]

stenotype /ˈstenə(ʊ)taip/ n.  1  a machine like a typewriter for recording speech in syllables or phonemes 表音符号速记打字机 2  a symbol or the symbols used in this process (表音符号速记打字机用的)速记符号 □ stenotypist  n.   [STENOGRAPHY + TYPE]

Stentor /ˈstentə/ n. (also 亦作 stentor)  a person with a powerful voice 声音洪亮的人 □ stentorian  /-ˈtɔ:riən/ adj.   [Greek Stentōr, the name of a herald in the Trojan War (Homer, Iliad v. 785)]

step /step/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the complete movement of one leg in walking or running 步，脚步  took a step forward  向前迈一步b  the distance covered by this 一步的距离 2  a unit of movement in dancing 舞步 3  a measure taken, esp. one of several in a course of action (尤指行动过程中采取的)步骤，措施  took steps to prevent it  采取措施来防范它 considered it a wise step  认为这是明智的措施 4  a  a flat-topped structure used singly or as one of a series, for passing from one level to another 梯级；台阶b  the rung of a ladder 梯子横档c  a notch cut for a foot in ice climbing (攀冰时冰面上凿出的)踏脚处d  a platform etc. in a vehicle provided for stepping up or down (上下车辆用的)踏板 5  a short distance 短距离，近距离  only a step from my door  离我的门口仅有一步之遥 6  the sound or mark made by a foot in walking etc. 脚步声；脚印  heard a step on the stairs  听见楼梯上有脚步声 7  the manner of walking etc. as seen or heard (看到或听到的走路等的)步姿；步态  know her by her step  听脚步声就知道是她 8  a  a degree in the scale of promotion, advancement, or precedence 级别；等级；阶段b  one of a series of fixed points on a payscale etc. (工资等的)一级 9 (in pl. 用复数) (also 亦作 pair of steps sing.) Brit. [英]  = STEPLADDER  10 esp. US Mus.  a melodic interval of one degree of the scale, i.e. a tone or semitone [尤美]【音】音级(如一个或半个音程) 11 Naut.  a block, socket, or platform supporting a mast 【海】桅座 ●v. (stepped, stepping)  1 intr.  lift and set down one's foot or alternate feet in walking 迈步；举步 2 intr.  come or go in a specified direction by stepping 步行 3 intr.  make progress in a specified way 进入；踏入  stepped into a new job  开始一个新的工作 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out)  measure (distance) by stepping 步测(距离) 5 tr.  perform (a dance) 跳(舞) 6 tr. Naut.  set up (a mast) in a step 【海】把(桅杆)立于桅座上 □ in step  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  stepping in time with music or other marchers (与音乐或其他步行者)步调一致 2  conforming with others 一致；协调□ in a person's steps   following a person's example 效法某人；步某人的后尘□ keep step   remain in step 步调一致□ mind (or watch) one's step   be careful 小心□ out of step  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  not in step 步调不一致□ step by step   gradually; cautiously; by stages or degrees 逐步地；谨慎地；逐渐地□ step down   1  resign from a position etc. 辞职；让位；下台 2 Electr.  decrease (voltage) by using a transformer 【电】(用变压器)降低(电压)□ step in   1  enter a room, house, etc. 进入，走入(房间或房屋等) 2  a  intervene to help or hinder 插手帮助(或干预)b  act as a substitute for an indisposed colleague etc. 代替(同事等)□ step it   dance 跳舞□ step on it (or on the gas)  colloq. [口]  1  accelerate a motor vehicle 踩油门，加速 2  hurry up 赶快□ step out   1  leave a room, house, etc. 走出屋外 2  a  be active socially 忙于社交活动b (often foll. by 常后跟 with) N. Amer. dial. & colloq. [北美方口]  = DATE1v. 6b  3  take large steps 大步走□ step out of line   behave inappropriately or disobediently 行为失当；行为反叛□ step this way   a deferential formula meaning ‘follow me’ “请跟我来”(礼貌用语)□ step up   1  a  increase, intensify 增加；加强  must step up production  必须增加生产b Electr.  increase (voltage) using a transformer 【电】(用变压器)增强(电压) 2  come forward for some purpose (为某个目的而)走近□ turn one's steps   go in a specified direction 转向□ steplike  adj.  □ stepped  adj.  □ stepwise  adv. & adj.   [Old English stœpe, stepe (n.), stœppan, steppan (v.), from Germanic]

step- /step/ comb. form  denoting a relationship like the one specified but resulting from a remarriage (step-grandchild 继孙子或继孙女) [构词成分]继的，后的(表示因再婚而形成的亲属关系) [Old English stēop- ‘orphan-’]

step aerobics n. pl.  a type of aerobics involving stepping up on to and down from a portable block 台阶健身操

stepbrother /ˈstepbrʌðə/ n.  a son of a step-parent by a marriage other than with one's father or mother 同父异母(或同母异父的)兄(弟)；继兄(弟)

stepchild /ˈsteptʃaild/ n. (pl. -children)  a child of one's husband or wife by a previous marriage 继子女(前夫或前妻所生的子女) [Old English stēopcīld (as STEP-, CHILD)]

step-cut adj. (of a gem) cut in straight facets round the centre (宝石)直刻面的

stepdad /ˈstepdæd/ n. colloq. [口]  = STEPFATHER 

stepdaughter /ˈstepdɔ:tə/ n.  a female stepchild 继女 [Old English stēopdohtor (as STEP-, DAUGHTER)]

stepfamily /ˈstepfæmili, -fæm(ə)li/ n. (pl. -ies)  a family that includes a stepchild or stepchildren 有继子女的家庭

stepfather /ˈstepfɑ:ðə/ n.  a male step-parent 继父 [Old English stēopfœder (as STEP-, FATHER)]

Stephanie /ˈstefəni/   斯蒂法妮 [人名]

stephanotis /stefəˈnəʊtis/ n.  any climbing tropical plant of the genus Stephanotis, cultivated for its fragrant waxy usu. white flowers 千金子藤(因其开蜡白色香花而被人种植) [modern Latin from Greek, = fit for a wreath, from stephanos ‘wreath’]

Stephen /ˈsti:vn/   斯蒂芬 [人名]

step-in adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a garment) put on by being stepped into without unfastening (衣服不用系扣)一套就穿好的 ●n.  such a garment 一套就穿好的衣服；套头装

stepladder /ˈsteplædə/ n.  a short ladder with flat steps and a folding prop, used without being leant against a surface 活梯，梯凳

stepmother /ˈstepmʌðə/ n.  a female step-parent 继母 [Old English stēopmōdor (as STEP-, MOTHER)]

stepmum /ˈstepmʌm/ n. colloq. [口]  = STEPMOTHER 

step-parent n.  a mother's or father's later husband or wife 继父；继母

steppe /step/ n.  a level grassy unforested plain, esp. in SE Europe and Siberia (尤指东南欧和西伯利亚一带没有栽种树木的)干草原 [Russian step ′]

stepping stone n.  1  a raised stone, usu. one of a set in a stream, muddy place, etc., to help in crossing (小溪、泥地等中的)踏脚石，垫脚石 2  a means or stage of progress to an end (借以达到目的的)跳板；进身之阶

stepsister /ˈstepsistə/ n.  a daughter of a step-parent by a marriage other than with one's father or mother 同父异母(或同母异父)姐(妹)；继姐(妹)

stepson /ˈstepsʌn/ n.  a male stepchild 继子 [Old English stēopsunu (as STEP-, SON)]

-ster /stə/ suffix  denoting a person engaged in or associated with a particular activity or thing (maltster 制造(或出售)麦芽糖的人 ; gangster 歹徒 ; youngster 年轻人) 做…的人；与…有关的人 [Old English -estre etc., from Germanic]

steradian /stəˈreidiən/ n.  the SI unit of solid angle, equal to the angle at the centre of a sphere subtended by a part of the surface equal in area to the square of the radius (abbr. 缩略 : sr) 立体弧度；球面(角)度 [Greek stereos ‘solid’ + RADIAN]

stercoraceous /stɜ:kəˈreiʃəs/ adj.  1  consisting of or resembling dung or faeces 含粪的；粪状的 2 (of an insect) living in dung (昆虫)粪栖的 [Latin stercus-oris ‘dung’]

stere /stiə/ n.  a unit of volume equal to one cubic metre 立方米 [French stère from Greek stereos ‘solid’]

stereo /ˈsteriəʊ, ˈstiəriəʊ/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a  a stereophonic record player, tape recorder, etc. 立体声唱机(或录音机等)b  stereophony 立体声 2  = STEREOSCOPE  ●adj.  1  = STEREOPHONIC  2  stereoscopic 体视镜的；有立体感的 [abbreviation]

stereo- /ˈsteriəʊ, ˈstiəriəʊ/ comb. form  solid; having three dimensions [构词成分]坚固的；实心的；立体的 [Greek stereos ‘solid’]

stereobate /ˈsteriə(ʊ)beit/ n. Archit.  a solid mass of masonry as a foundation for a building 【考古】(建筑物的)屋基，台基 [French stéréobate via Latin stereobata from Greek stereobatēs (as STEREO-, batēs ‘base’ from bainō ‘to walk’)]

stereochemistry /ˌsteriə(ʊ)ˈkemistri, ˌstiə-/ n.  the branch of chemistry dealing with the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules 立体化学(化学的一个分支，研究分子中原子的空间排列)

stereography /steriˈɒɡrəfi, stiəri-/ n.  the art of depicting solid bodies in a plane 立体平画法(在一个平面上画立体物体的方法)

stereoisomer /ˌsteriəʊˈaisəmə, ˌstiəriəʊ-/ n. Chem.  any of two or more compounds differing only in their spatial arrangement of atoms 【化】(仅原子的空间排列不同的)立体异构体

stereometry /steriˈɒmətri, stiəri-/ n.  the measurement of solid bodies 立体测量学

stereophonic /ˌsteriə(ʊ)ˈfɒnik, ˌstiəriə(ʊ)-/ adj. (of sound reproduction) using two or more channels so that the sound has the effect of being distributed and of coming from more than one source (声音)立体音响的；立体声的 □ stereophonically  adv.  □ stereophony  /-ˈɒf(ə)ni/ n.  

stereopsis /steriˈɒpsis, stiəri-/ n.  the perception of depth produced by combining the visual images from both eyes; binocular vision 立体影像；双目视觉 □ stereoptic  adj.   [STEREO- + Greek opsis ‘sight’]

stereopticon /steriˈɒptik(ə)n, stiəri-/ n.  a projector which combines two images to give a three-dimensional effect, or makes one image dissolve into another 立体感幻灯机；立体感投影仪 [STEREO- + Greek optikon, neuter of optikos OPTIC]

stereoscope /ˈsteriə(ʊ)skəʊp, ˈstiəriə(ʊ)-/ n.  a device by which two photographs of the same object taken at slightly different angles are viewed together, giving an impression of depth and solidity as in ordinary human vision 立视镜，体视镜 □ stereoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ stereoscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ stereoscopy  /-ˈɒskəpi/ n.  

stereospecific /ˌsteriəʊspiˈsifik, ˌstiəriəʊ-/ adj. Chem.  of or relating to a particular stereoisomer of a substance 【化】立体定向的 □ stereospecifically  adv.  □ stereospecificity  /-ˈfisiti/ n.  

stereotaxis /ˌsteriə(ʊ)ˈtæksis, ˌstiəriə(ʊ)-/ n. (also 亦作 stereotaxy /-ˈtæksi/) Biol. & Med.  surgery involving the accurate positioning of probes etc. inside the brain 【生】【医】(用探针等在脑内进行的)脑立体测定 □ stereotactic  /-ˈtæktik/ adj.  □ stereotaxic  adj.   [STEREO- + Greek taxis ‘orientation’]

stereotype /ˈsteriə(ʊ)taip, ˈstiəriə(ʊ)-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person or thing that conforms to an unjustifiably fixed, usu. standardized, mental picture 陈规；老套；刻板的模式b  such an impression or attitude 模式化的形象(或思想等) 2  a printing-plate cast from a mould of composed type 铅版 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 stereotyped adj.)  formalize, standardize; cause to conform to a type 使陈规化，使僵化；使模式化 2  a  print from a stereotype 用铅版印刷b  make a stereotype of 把…浇制成铅版 □ stereotypic  /-ˈtipik/ adj.  □ stereotypical  /-ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.  □ stereotypically  /-ˈtipik(ə)li/ adv.  □ stereotypy  n.   [French stéréotype (adj.) (as STEREO-, TYPE)]

steric /ˈsterik, ˈstiərik/ adj. Chem.  relating to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule 【化】(分子中的原子)空间排列的 [formed irregularly from Greek stereos ‘solid’]

steric hindrance n.  the inhibiting of a chemical reaction by the obstruction of reacting atoms (化学反应中的)位阻(现象)

sterile /ˈsterail/ adj.  1  not able to produce crop or fruit or (of an animal) young; barren 不结果实的，不育的；贫瘠的 2  unfruitful, unproductive 无结果的；徒然的  sterile discussions  没有结果的讨论 3  free from living micro-organisms etc. 无菌的 4  lacking originality or emotive force; mentally barren 枯燥乏味的；无生气的 □ sterilely  adv.  □ sterility  /stəˈriliti/ n.   [French stérile or Latin sterilis]

sterilize /ˈsterilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make sterile 杀菌，消毒 2  deprive of the power of reproduction 使不能生育 □ sterilizable  adj.  □ sterilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sterilizer  n.  

sterlet /ˈstɜ:lit/ n.  a small sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus, found in the Caspian Sea area and yielding fine caviar 小鲟鱼(产于里海，是做鱼子酱的上好原料) [Russian sterlyad ′]

sterling /ˈstɜ:liŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or in British money 英国货币的；英磅的  pound sterling  英磅 2 (of a coin or precious metal) genuine; of standard value or purity (硬币或贵重金属)真的；标准成分的 3 (of a person or qualities etc.) of solid worth; genuine, reliable (人或质量等)实诚的；真诚的，可信任的  sterling work  优秀的工作 ●n.  British money 英国货币  paid in sterling  用英币支付 □ sterlingness  n.   [probably from late Old English steorling (unrecorded), from steorra ‘star’ + -LING1 (because some early Norman pennies bore a small star): recorded earlier in Old French esterlin]

sterling area n.  a group of countries with currencies tied to British sterling and holding reserves mainly in sterling 英镑区

sterling silver n.  silver of 92(1/4) per cent purity (纯度为 92.25% 的)标准纯银

stern1 /stɜ:n/ adj.  severe, grim, strict; enforcing discipline or submission 严肃的，严峻的，严格的；严厉的  a stern expression  严肃的表情 stern treatment  苛刻的待遇 □ sternly  adv.  □ sternness  /ˈstɜ:nnis/ n.   [Old English styrne, probably from a Germanic root = be rigid]

stern2 /stɜ:n/ n.  1  the rear part of a ship or boat 船尾 2  any rear part 尾部，末端 □ stern foremost   moving backwards 倒驶地□ stern on   with the stern presented 船尾向前地□ sterned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ sternmost  adj.  □ sternward  adj. & adv.  □ sternwards  adv.   [Middle English, probably from Old Norse stjórn ‘steering’, from stýra STEER1]

sternal /ˈstɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the sternum 胸骨的；与胸骨相关的

sternal rib n.  = TRUE RIB 

sterner sex n. (prec. by 前接 the)  men 男人

sternpost /ˈstɜ:npəʊst/ n. Naut.  the central upright support at the stern, usu. bearing the rudder 【海】(通常用于支撑船舵的)艉柱

sternum /ˈstɜ:nəm/ n. (pl. sternums or sterna /-nə/)  the breastbone 胸骨 [modern Latin from Greek sternon ‘chest’]

sternutation /stɜ:njʊˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med. or joc.  a sneeze or attack of sneezing 【医】[诙]喷嚏；打喷嚏 [Latin sternutatio from sternutare, frequentative of sternuere ‘sneeze’]

sternutator /ˈstɜ:njʊteitə/ n.  a substance, esp. poison gas, that causes nasal irritation, violent coughing, etc. 催喷嚏剂(尤指某种毒气) □ sternutatory  /-ˈnju:tət(ə)ri/ adj. & n. (pl. -ies)  

sternway /ˈstɜ:nwei/ n. Naut.  backward motion or impetus of a ship 【海】(船的)倒退，倒驶

sternwheeler /ˈstɜ:nwi:lə/ n.  a steamer propelled by a paddle wheel positioned at the stern 艉明轮船

steroid /ˈstiərɔid, ˈsterɔid/ n. Biochem.  any of a group of organic compounds with a characteristic structure of four rings of carbon atoms, including many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins 【生化】类固醇 □ steroidal  /-ˈrɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [STEROL + -OID]

sterol /ˈstiərɒl, ˈsterɒl/ n. Chem.  any of a group of naturally occurring steroid alcohols 【化】固醇 [CHOLESTEROL, ERGOSTEROL, etc.]

stertorous /ˈstɜ:t(ə)rəs/ adj. (of breathing etc.) laboured and noisy; sounding like snoring 发鼾声的，打鼾的；声音似鼾声的 □ stertorously  adv.   [stertor, modern Latin from Latin stertere ‘snore’]

stet /stet/ v. (stetted, stetting)  1 intr. (usu. as an instruction written on a proof-sheet etc.) ignore or cancel the correction or alteration; let the original form stand 不删，保留(文稿或校样等中改动处的批注用语) 2 tr.  write ‘stet’ against; cancel the correction of (在改动处)加注“不改”(或“保留”) [Latin, = let it stand, from stare ‘stand’]

stethoscope /ˈsteθəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument used in listening to the action of the heart, lungs, etc., usu. consisting of a circular piece placed against the chest, with tubes leading to earpieces 听诊器 □ stethoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ stethoscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.  □ stethoscopist  /-ˈθɒskəpist/ n.  □ stethoscopy  /-ˈθɒskəpi/ n.   [French stéthoscope (as Greek stēthos ‘breast’, -SCOPE)]

stetson /ˈstets(ə)n/ n.  a slouch hat with a very wide brim and a high crown 阔边高顶毡帽 [named after J. B. Stetson, American hat-maker d. 1906]

Steve /sti:v/   史蒂夫 [人名]

stevedore /ˈsti:vədɔ:/ n.  a person employed in loading and unloading ships 码头装卸工 [Spanish estivador from estivar ‘stow a cargo’, from Latin stipare: see STEEVE2]

Steven /ˈsti:vn/   斯蒂芬 [人名]

stevengraph /ˈsti:v(ə)nɡrɑ:f/ n.  a colourful woven silk picture 丝织画，织锦 [named after T. Stevens, English weaver d. 1888, whose firm made them]

stew1 /stju:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  cook slowly in simmering liquid in a closed dish, saucepan, etc. 炖；煨；焖 2 intr. colloq.  be oppressed by heat or humidity, esp. in a confined space [口] (尤指处于拥挤环境中)闷热 3 intr. colloq. [口]  a  suffer prolonged embarrassment, anxiety, etc. 困窘；担忧(或焦虑等)b (foll. by 后跟 over)  fret or be anxious 烦恼；焦急 4 intr. Brit. (of tea) become bitter or strong with prolonged brewing [英] (茶因久泡)变得浓苦 5 tr. (as 作 stewed adj.) colloq.  drunk [口]醉酒 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over) colloq.  study hard [口]死用功；用苦功 ●n.  1  a dish of stewed meat etc. 炖(或煨、焖)肉 2 colloq.  an agitated or angry state [口]烦恼；恼怒  be in a stew  很烦恼 3 archaic [古义]  a  a hot bath 热水浴b (in pl. 用复数)  a brothel 妓院 □ stew in one's own juice   be left to suffer the consequences of one's own actions 自作自受 [Middle English from Old French estuve, estuver, probably ultimately from EX-1 + Greek tuphos ‘smoke, steam’]

stew2 /stju:/ n. Brit. [英]  1  an artificial oyster bed 人工养蚝场 2  a pond or large tank for keeping fish for eating 鱼塘 [Middle English from French estui, from estoier ‘confine’, ultimately from Latin studium: see STUDY]

steward /ˈstju:əd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a passengers' attendant on a ship or aircraft or train (轮船、飞机、火车的)乘务员，服务员 2  an official appointed to keep order or supervise arrangements at a meeting or show or demonstration etc. (集会等的)管事，干事 3  = SHOP STEWARD  4  a person responsible for supplies of food etc. for a college or club etc. (学院或俱乐部等的)伙食管理员 5  a person employed to manage another's property (私人家中的)管家 6 Brit.  the title of several officers of state or the royal household [英]大臣；皇家总管  Lord High Steward  加冕礼事务大臣 ●v. tr.  act as a steward of 当乘务员(或服务员、管家、管事等)  will steward the meeting  将为会议服务 □ stewardship  n.   [Old English stīweard, from stig (probably = house, hall) + weard WARD]

stewardess /ˈstju:ədis, stju:əˈdes/ n.  a female steward, esp. on a ship or aircraft (尤指轮船或飞机上的)女乘务员

Stewart /stjuət/   斯图尔特 [人名]

stewpot /ˈstju:pɒt/ n.  1  a  a cooking pot for stew 炖锅b  its contents 炖煮物 2  a mixture 混合；混合物  ethnic stewpot  种族混合

stg. abbr. [缩略]  sterling 

St George's cross /ˈdʒɔ:dʒiz/ n.  a + -shaped cross, red on a white background 白底红十字架

Sth. abbr. [缩略]  South 

sthenic /ˈsθenik/ adj.  1 Med.  strong and athletic in physique 【医】强壮的；有力的 2 Psychol.  vigorous and aggressive in personality 【心】亢奋的；兴奋的 [Greek sthenos ‘strength’, on the pattern of asthenic]

stichomythia /stikə(ʊ)ˈmiθiə/ n.  dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition 轮流对白(指古希腊戏剧中使用的争辩性的交锋对白，特点是使用对比和重复) [modern Latin from Greek stikhomuthia, from stikhos ‘row, line of verse’ + muthos ‘speech, talk’]

stick1 /stik/ n.  1  a  a short slender branch or length of wood broken or cut from a tree 枝条；木枝b  this trimmed for use as a support or weapon 棍；棒 2  a thin rod or spike of wood etc. for a particular purpose (用于某种用途的)棍，棒  cocktail stick  鸡尾酒棒 3  a  an implement used to propel the ball in hockey or polo etc. (曲棍球或马球等中用于击球的)棍；棒b (in pl. 用复数)  the raising of the stick above the shoulder in hockey (曲棍球)举棍过肩 4  a gear lever 调档杆；变速杆 5  a conductor's baton 指挥棒 6  a  a slender piece of a thing, e.g. celery, dynamite, deodorant, etc. 条状物(如芹菜、炸药、除臭剂等)b  a number of bombs or paratroops released rapidly from aircraft 集束炸弹；连续跳下的一组伞兵 7 (often prec. by 常前接 the)  punishment, esp. by beating 惩罚(尤指责打) 8 esp. Brit. colloq.  adverse criticism; censure, reproof [尤英口]责难；责备；谴责  took a lot of stick  受到大量抨击 9 colloq.  a piece of wood as part of a house or furniture [口] (房屋的)一部分；(家具的)件  a few sticks of furniture  几件家具 10 colloq.  a person, esp. one who is dull or unsociable [口]人(尤指呆头呆脑或不善交际的人)  a funny old stick  可笑的老家伙 11 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  remote rural areas [口]偏远的乡村 12 (in pl. 用复数) Austral. slang  goalposts [澳] [俚语]门柱 13 Naut. slang  a mast or spar 【海】[俚语]桅杆；桁梁 □ up sticks  Brit. colloq.  go to live elsewhere [英口]移居他处□ stickless  adj.  □ sticklike  adj.   [Old English sticca, from West Germanic]

stick2 /stik/ v. (past and past part. stuck /stʌk/)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into, through)  insert or thrust (a thing or its point) 刺；戳  stuck a finger in my eye  用手指戳我的眼睛 stick a pin through it  把一根大头针扎进去 2 tr.  insert a pointed thing into; stab 把(尖物等)刺入(或穿入、插入) 3 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into, on, etc.)  a  fix or be fixed on a pointed thing 固定在尖物上；被固定在尖物上b  fix or be fixed by or as by a pointed end 钉住；被钉住 4 tr. & intr.  fix or become or remain fixed by or as by adhesive etc. (用粘合剂等)粘贴；被粘贴住  stick a label on it  在它上面贴上一个标签 the label won't stick  标签粘不住 5 intr.  endure; make a continued impression 持续；留存  the scene stuck in my mind  那个情景仍萦绕在我的脑海中 the name stuck  那个名字被记住了 6 intr.  lose or be deprived of the power of motion or action through adhesion or jamming or other impediment 卡住；陷住；停顿下来 7 colloq. [口]  a tr.  put in a specified position or place, esp. quickly or haphazardly (尤指快速或随意地)放置  stick it in your pocket  把它放进你的口袋b intr.  remain in a place 停留  stuck indoors  待在室内 8 colloq. [口]  a intr. (of an accusation etc.) be convincing or regarded as valid (指控等)令人信服的；有根据的  could not make the charges stick  无法使指控具有说服力b tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  place the blame for (a thing) on (a person) 责怪；怪罪 9 tr. Brit. colloq.  endure, tolerate [英口]容忍；忍受  could not stick it any longer  无法再忍受下去了 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 at) colloq.  persevere with [口]坚持 □ be stuck   1  be unable to progress 无法进展 2  be confined in a place 被限于；困住  was stuck in the house  被困在房子里□ be stuck for   be at a loss for or in need of 不知所措；需要□ be stuck on  colloq.  be infatuated with [口]迷恋上；被迷住□ be stuck with  colloq.  be unable to get rid of or escape from; be permanently involved with [口]无法摆脱；被缠住□ get stuck in (or into)  colloq.  begin in earnest [口]抓紧干；抓紧进行□ stick around  colloq.  linger; remain at the same place [口]徘徊逗留□ stick at it  colloq.  persevere [口]坚持□ stick at nothing   allow nothing, esp. no scruples, to deter one 不择手段(尤指无所顾忌)□ stick by (or with or to)   stay loyal or close to 忠于；与…粘在一起□ stick 'em up!  colloq.  hands up! [口]举起手来！□ stick fast   adhere or become firmly fixed or trapped in a position or place (使)牢牢固定□ stick in one's gizzard   see 见 GIZZARD □ stick in one's throat   be against one's principles 难以接受□ stick it on  colloq. [口]  1  make high charges 索取高价 2  tell an exaggerated story 言过其实□ stick it out  colloq.  put up with or persevere with a burden etc. to the end [口]忍受到底；坚持到底□ stick one's chin out   show firmness or fortitude 表现出坚忍(或刚毅)□ stick one's neck (or chin) out   expose oneself to censure etc. by acting or speaking boldly (由于行动或说话鲁莽而)暴露自己，冒险□ stick out   protrude or cause to protrude or project 突出；伸出  stuck his tongue out  他吐了吐舌头 stick out your chest  把你的胸膛挺起来□ stick out for   persist in demanding 坚持索取□ stick out a mile (or like a sore thumb)  colloq.  be very obvious or incongruous [口]显而易见；显得很不协调□ stick pigs   engage in pigsticking 狩猎野猪□ stick to   1  remain close to or fixed on or to 粘住 2  remain faithful to 忠于 3  keep to (a subject etc.) 紧扣(主题等)  stick to the point  紧扣要点□ stick to a person's fingers  colloq. (of money) be embezzled by a person [口] (钱)被人挪用□ stick together  colloq.  remain united or mutually loyal [口]团结一致；彼此忠诚□ stick to one's guns   see 见 GUN □ stick to it   persevere 坚持□ stick to one's last   see 见 LAST3 □ stick up   1  be or make erect or protruding upwards (使)竖起；(使)突起 2  fasten to an upright surface 张贴 3 colloq.  rob or threaten with a gun [口]持枪抢劫(或威胁)□ stick up for   support or defend or champion (a person or cause) 支持，维护，拥护(某人或某事业)□ stick up to   be assertive in the face of; offer resistance to 勇敢面对；抵抗，抵制□ stick with  colloq.  remain in touch with or faithful to; persevere with [口]保持接触；忠于；坚持做 [Old English stician, from Germanic]

stickability /stikəˈbiliti/ n. colloq.  perseverance; staying power [口]耐力；粘着力

sticker /ˈstikə/ n.  1  an adhesive label or notice etc. 背面有粘胶的标签(或通知等) 2  a person or thing that sticks 粘贴者；粘附物 3  a persistent person 坚持的人，执着的人

sticking plaster n. Brit.  an adhesive plaster for wounds etc. [英] (包扎伤口等用的)橡皮膏，胶布

sticking point n.  the place where obstacles arise to progress or to an agreement etc. (达成协议等过程中的)阻碍点，症结

stick insect n.  any elongated usu. wingless insect of the family Phasmidae with a twiglike body 竹节虫(身体像小树枝，通常无翅的一种昆虫)

stick-in-the-mud n. colloq.  an unprogressive or old-fashioned person [口]顽固守旧者；思想落伍者

stickleback /ˈstik(ə)lbæk/ n.  any small fish of the family Gasterosteidae, esp. Gasterosteus aculeatus, with sharp spines along the back 棘鱼(背上生有尖状背鳍的小鱼) [Middle English, from Old English sticel ‘thorn, sting’ + bœc BACK]

stickler /ˈstiklə/ n. (foll. by 后跟 for)  a person who insists on something 固执己见的人  a stickler for accuracy  力主精确的人 [obsolete stickle ‘be umpire’, alteration of Middle English stightle ‘control’, frequentative of stight, from Old English stiht(i)an ‘set in order’]

stickpin /ˈstikpin/ n. N. Amer.  an ornamental tiepin [北美] (用作装饰的)领带别针

stick-up n. colloq.  an armed robbery using a gun [口]持枪抢劫

stickweed /ˈstikwi:d/ n. US [美]  = RAGWEED 2 

sticky /ˈstiki/ adj. (stickier, stickiest)  1  tending or intended to stick or adhere 粘的；涂有(或附有)粘胶物质的 2  glutinous, viscous 粘性的，胶粘的 3  a (of the weather) humid (天气)潮湿的b  damp with sweat 汗湿的 4 colloq.  awkward or uncooperative; intransigent [口]难对付的，不合作的；不妥协的  was very sticky about giving me leave  批我假时非常不爽快 5 colloq.  difficult, awkward [口]困难的；棘手的  a sticky problem  棘手的问题 □ come to a sticky end  Brit.  die or come to grief in an unpleasant or painful way [英]下场悲惨；结果很糟 [英]□ stickily  adv.  □ stickiness  n.  

stickybeak /ˈstikibi:k/ n. & v. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●n.  an inquisitive person 好管闲事的人，爱打听的人 ●v. intr.  pry 管闲事，打听

sticky wicket n.  1 Cricket  a pitch that has been drying after rain and is difficult for the batsman 【板球】(雨后还未晒干而很难进行比赛的)泥泞场地 2 colloq.  difficult or awkward circumstances [口]困境；尴尬处境

stiff /stif/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rigid; not flexible 僵硬的；僵直的 2  hard to bend or move or turn etc.; not working freely 不易弯曲的；活动不自如的 3  hard to cope with; needing strength or effort 难以应付的；费劲的  a stiff test  难以应付的考试 a stiff climb  吃力的攀登 4  severe or strong 强烈的；有力的  a stiff breeze  强风 a stiff penalty  严厉的处罚 5 (of a person or manner) formal, constrained; lacking spontaneity (人或举止)拘谨的；不自然的；生硬的 6 (of a muscle or limb etc., or a person affected by these) aching when used, owing to previous exertion, injury, etc. (肌肉、四肢或人等)僵硬的；活动时疼痛的 7 (of an alcoholic or medicinal drink) strong (酒或药液等)浓的 8 (作 predic.) colloq.  to an extreme degree [口]十分；极其  bored stiff  极其无聊 scared stiff  吓得要死 9 (foll. by 后跟 with) colloq.  abounding in [口]充满  a place stiff with tourists  挤满游客的地方 ●n. slang [俚语]  1  a corpse 尸体 2  a foolish or useless person 傻瓜；无用的人  you big stiff  你这个大笨蛋 □ stiffish  adj.  □ stiffly  adv.  □ stiffness  n.   [Old English stīf, from Germanic]

stiffen /ˈstif(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become stiff (使)变硬 □ stiffener  n.  □ stiffening  n.  

stiff neck n.  a rheumatic condition in which the head cannot be turned without pain 强直性颈风湿

stiff-necked adj.  obstinate or haughty 顽固的；固执的

stiff upper lip n.  firmness, fortitude 坚忍；刚毅

stifle1 /ˈstaif(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  smother, suppress 遏止；抑止  stifled a yawn  抑止住哈欠 2 intr. & tr.  experience or cause to experience constraint of breathing 窒息；使窒息  stifling heat  闷热 3 tr.  kill by suffocating 使窒息而死，闷死 □ stifler  /-flə/ n.  □ stifling  adj. & adv.  □ stiflingly  adv.   [perhaps alteration of Middle English stuffe, stuffle from Old French estouffer]

stifle2 /ˈstaif(ə)l/ n. (in full 全称 stifle-joint)  a joint in the legs of horses, dogs, etc., equivalent to the knee in humans (马、狗等的)后腿膝关节 [Middle English: origin unknown]

stifle-bone n.  the bone in front of a stifle-joint 膝盖骨，髌骨

stigma /ˈstiɡmə/ n. (pl. stigmas or esp. in sense 4 尤用于释义 4 stigmata /-mətə, -ˈmɑ:tə/)  1  a mark or sign of disgrace or discredit 耻辱；污名 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a distinguishing mark or characteristic 标记；特征 3  the part of a pistil that receives the pollen in pollination (植物的)柱头 4 (in pl. 用复数) Eccl. (in Christian belief) marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the Crucifixion, said to have been impressed by divine favour on the bodies of St Francis of Assisi and others 【教会】(基督教信仰中的)圣伤痕(与耶稣在十字架上钉死后身上所留下的伤痕位置一致的伤痕) 5  a mark or spot on the skin or on a butterfly's wing (皮肤上的)点斑；(蝴蝶的)翅斑 6 Med.  a visible sign or characteristic of a disease 【医】(显示某种疾病迹象或特征的)病斑 7  an insect's spiracle (昆虫的)气门，气孔 [Latin from Greek stigma -atos ‘a mark made by a pointed instrument, a brand, a dot’: related to STICK1]

stigmatic /stiɡˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to a stigma or stigmas 耻辱的；有标记的；有斑点的；柱头的；气门的 2  = ANASTIGMATIC  ●n. Eccl.  a person bearing stigmata 【教会】带有圣伤痕的人 □ stigmatically  adv.  

stigmatist /ˈstiɡmətist/ n. Eccl. 【教会】  = STIGMATICn. 

stigmatize /ˈstiɡmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  describe as unworthy or disgraceful 诬蔑；污辱 2 Eccl.  produce stigmata on 【教会】使产生圣伤痕 □ stigmatization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French stigmatiser or medieval Latin stigmatizo from Greek stigmatizō (as STIGMA)]

stilb /stilb/ n.  a unit of luminance equal to one candela per square centimetre 熙提(亮度单位，等于每平方厘米 1 堪德拉) [French from Greek stilbō ‘to glitter’]

stilbene /ˈstilbi:n/ n. Chem.  an aromatic hydrocarbon forming phosphorescent crystals 【化】均二苯乙烯 [as STILB + -ENE]

stilboestrol /stilˈbi:strɒl/ n. (US [美] stilbestrol)  a powerful synthetic oestrogen derived from stilbene 乙烯雌酚 [STILBENE + OESTRUS]

stile1 /stail/ n.  an arrangement of steps allowing people but not animals to climb over a fence or wall (设在篱笆或墙边专供人爬越的)台阶，阶梯 [Old English stigel, from a Germanic root meaning ‘to climb’]

stile2 /stail/ n.  a vertical piece in the frame of a panelled door, wainscot, etc. (cf. 参见 RAIL1 n. 5) 门梃；窗梃(或壁板) [probably from Dutch stijl ‘pillar, doorpost’]

stiletto /stiˈletəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a short dagger with a thick blade 短剑；匕首 2  a pointed instrument for making eyelets etc. (打孔眼等用的)穿孔锥，打眼锥 3 (in full 全称 stiletto heel)  a  a long tapering heel of a shoe (鞋的)细高跟b  a shoe with such a heel 细高跟鞋 [Italian, diminutive of stilo ‘dagger’ (as STYLUS)]

still1 /stil/ adj., n., adv. & v. ●adj.  1  not or hardly moving 静止的；不动的 2  with little or no sound; calm and tranquil 寂静的；安静的  a still evening  静谧的夜晚 3 (of sounds) hushed, stilled (声音)肃静的；静寂的 4 (of a drink) not effervescent (饮料)不起泡的 ●n.  1  deep silence 寂静；安静  in the still of the night  在夜深人静时 2  an ordinary static photograph (as opposed to a motion picture), esp. a single shot from a cinema film (与电影相对的)定格画面；(尤指电影)剧照 ●adv.  1  without moving 静止地；不动地  stand still  伫立不动 2  even now or at a particular time 还是；仍然  they still did not understand  他们仍然不明白 why are you still here?  你怎么还在这里？ 3  nevertheless; all the same 然而；依然 4 (with compar. etc. 与比较级等连用)  even, yet, increasingly 还要；甚至更  still greater efforts  更大的努力 still another explanation  还要进一步的解释 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become still; quieten (使)静止；(使)平息 □ still and all  colloq.  nevertheless [口]不过；尽管如此□ still waters run deep   a quiet manner conceals depths of feeling or knowledge or cunning 静水流深(沉静寡言者藏有强烈情感、丰富知识或非凡智慧)□ stillness  n.   [Old English stille (adj. & adv.), stillan (v.), from West Germanic]

still2 /stil/ n.  an apparatus for distilling spirituous liquors etc. (蒸馏含酒精液体等用的)蒸馏器 [obsolete Middle English verb still, from DISTIL]

stillage /ˈstilidʒ/ n.  a bench, frame, etc., for keeping articles off the floor while draining, drying, waiting to be packed, etc. (保持物品不接触地面的)滑板输送架 [apparently from Dutch stellagie ‘scaffold’, from stellen ‘to place’ + French -age]

stillbirth /ˈstilbɜ:θ/ n.  the birth of a dead child 死产(生产时胎儿已死)

stillborn /ˈstilbɔ:n/ adj.  1 (of a child) born dead (胎儿)死产的 2 (of an idea, plan, etc.) abortive; not able to succeed (想法、计划等)夭折的，失败的

still life n. (pl. still lifes) (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  a painting or drawing of inanimate objects such as fruit or flowers (水果、花等的)静物画 2  this genre of painting 静物画类型

still room n. Brit. [英]  1  a room for distilling 蒸馏室 2  a housekeeper's storeroom in a large house (大宅中管家的)储藏室

Stillson /ˈstils(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 Stillson wrench)  a large wrench with jaws that tighten as pressure is increased 活动扳手，可调扳手 [named after D. C. Stillson, its inventor d. 1899]

stilly /ˈstili/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  in a still manner 安静地；平静地 ●adj. poet.  still, quiet [诗]沉静的；寂静的 [the adverb Old English stillīce: the adjective from STILL1]

stilt /stilt/ n.  1  either of a pair of poles with supports for the feet enabling the user to walk at a distance above the ground 高跷 2  each of a set of piles or posts supporting a building etc. (支撑建筑物等的)支柱，支材 3  any wading bird of the genus Himantopus, with long slender legs 长脚鹬 4  a three legged support for ceramic ware in a kiln (烧制陶器用的)三角支架 □ on stilts   1  supported by stilts 踩着高跷 2  bombastic, stilted 夸张做作，矫揉造作 [Middle English & Low German stilte, from Germanic]

stilted /ˈstiltid/ adj.  1 (of a literary style etc.) stiff and unnatural; bombastic (文体等)矫揉造作的；夸张做作的 2  standing on stilts 踩着高跷的 3 Archit. (of an arch) with pieces of upright masonry between the imposts and the springers 【建】(拱型物)用支柱撑高的 □ stiltedly  adv.  □ stiltedness  n.  

Stilton /ˈstilt(ə)n/ n. propr.  a kind of strong rich cheese, often with blue veins, originally made at various places in Leicestershire and formerly sold to travellers at a coaching inn in Stilton (now in Cambridgeshire) (商标)斯提尔顿干酪(一种有青霉的优质白乳酪，原产于莱斯特郡各地，最初出售给斯提尔顿，即现今的剑桥郡的客运旅店的旅客)

stimulant /ˈstimjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that stimulates, esp. bodily or mental activity 刺激性的；令人兴奋的(尤指使身体或精神活动兴奋) ●n.  1  a stimulant substance, esp. a drug or alcoholic drink 兴奋剂(尤指药物或酒) 2  a stimulating influence 激励；鼓舞 [Latin stimulare stimulant- ‘urge, goad’]

stimulate /ˈstimjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  apply or act as a stimulus to 刺激 2  animate, excite, arouse 激励，鼓舞；鼓励 3  be a stimulant to 刺激，使兴奋 □ stimulating  adj.  □ stimulatingly  adv.  □ stimulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ stimulative  /-lətiv/ adj.  □ stimulator  n.  □ stimulatory  adj.  

stimulus /ˈstimjʊləs/ n. (pl. stimuli /-lai, -li:/)  1  a thing that rouses to activity or energy 刺激物；激励物 2  a stimulating or rousing effect 刺激；激励 3  a thing that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue 引起兴奋的事物 [Latin, = goad, spur, incentive]

stimy var.  of STYMIE  STYMIE 的变体

sting /stiŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sharp often poisonous wounding organ of an insect, nettle, etc. (昆虫、荨麻等的)螫针，刺毛 2  a  the act of inflicting a wound with this 刺；蜇；叮b  the wound itself or the pain caused by it 刺伤(处)；刺痛(处) 3  a wounding or painful quality or effect 灼痛；痛苦  the sting of hunger  饥饿的痛苦 stings of remorse  懊悔的痛楚 4  pungency, sharpness, vigour 辛辣；刻薄；尖刻  a sting in the voice  声音的尖刻 5 slang [俚语]  a  a swindle or robbery 诈骗；敲诈b  a police undercover operation (警方)精心设置的圈套 ●v. (past and past part. stung /stʌŋ/)  1  a tr.  wound or pierce with a sting 刺；蜇；叮b intr.  be able to sting; have a sting 有刺伤力；有蜇刺 2 intr. & tr.  feel or cause to feel a tingling physical or sharp mental pain (肉体或精神上)感到(或引起)刺痛 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  incite by a strong or painful mental effect 刺激  was stung into replying  气得反唇相讥 4 tr. slang  swindle or charge exorbitantly [俚语]诈骗；敲诈 □ sting in the tail   an unpleasant or problematic end to something, occurring unexpectedly 意想不到的令人不快(或有问题)的结局□ stingingly  adv.  □ stingless  adj.   [Old English sting (n.), stingan (v.), from Germanic]

stingaree /stiŋɡəˈri:, ˈstiŋɡəri:/ n. US & Austral. [美澳]  = STINGRAY 

stinger /ˈstiŋə/ n.  1  a stinging insect, snake, nettle, etc. 有刺的昆虫(或蛇、荨麻等) 2  a sharp painful blow 使人剧痛的一击；刺人的话；尖刻的话

stinging nettle n.  a nettle, Urtica dioica, having stinging hairs (长有刺毛的)大荨麻

stingray /ˈstiŋrei/ n.  any cartilaginous fish of the family Dasyatidae or Urolophidae, having a flattened diamond-shaped body and a long poisonous serrated spine at the base of the tail 海鳐鱼，魟(身体扁平呈菱形，尾部长有有毒的锯齿状的长背脊)

stingy /ˈstin(d)ʒi/ adj. (stingier, stingiest)  niggardly, mean 吝啬的；小气的 □ stingily  adv.  □ stinginess  n.   [perhaps from dialect stinge STING]

stink /stiŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past stank /stæŋk/ or stunk /stʌŋk/; past part. stunk)  1 intr.  emit a strong offensive smell 发出臭味；发出异味 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  fill (a place) with a stink 使(某处)充满臭气 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out etc.)  drive (a person) out etc. by a stink 用臭气赶走(某人) 4 intr. colloq.  be or seem very unpleasant, contemptible, or scandalous [口]惹人讨厌；令人厌恶；令人反感 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  have plenty of (esp. money) [口]大量拥有(尤指钱财) ●n.  1  a strong or offensive smell; a stench 臭气；恶臭 2 colloq.  a row or fuss [口]争吵；喧闹  the affair caused quite a stink  这件事引起了轩然大波 □ like stink  colloq.  intensely; extremely hard or fast etc. [口]剧烈地；十分卖力地；十分迅速地等  working like stink  埋头苦干 [Old English stincan, ultimately from West Germanic: related to STENCH]

stink bomb n.  a device emitting a stink when exploded 臭弹(一种爆炸后散发臭气的炸弹)

stinker /ˈstiŋkə/ n.  1  a person or thing that stinks 散发恶臭的人(或物) 2 slang  an objectionable person or thing [俚语]令人反感的人(或物) 3 slang [俚语]  a  a difficult task 艰巨的任务b Brit.  a letter etc. conveying strong disapproval [英]措辞强硬的信件(或文章等)

stinkhorn /ˈstiŋkhɔ:n/ n.  any foul-smelling fungus of the order Phallales 鬼笔

stinking /ˈstiŋkiŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  that stinks 散发恶臭的 2 slang  very objectionable [俚语]令人极其反感的 ●adv. slang  extremely and usu. objectionably [俚语]极度地；令人反感地  stinking rich  极其富有 □ stinkingly  adv.  

stinking badger n.  a teledu 马来獾

stinking iris n.  = GLADDON 

stinko /ˈstiŋkəʊ/ adj. slang  drunk [俚语]醉酒的

stinkpot /ˈstiŋkpɒt/ n. slang [俚语]  1  a term of contempt for a person 讨厌的人；可鄙的人 2  a vehicle or boat that emits foul exhaust fumes 排放污气的汽车(或轮船)

stinkweed /ˈstiŋkwi:d/ n.  = WALL ROCKET 

stinkwood /ˈstiŋkwʊd/ n.  an African tree, Ocotea bullata, with foul-smelling timber 臭木(产于非洲，奥寇梯木属，木质恶臭难闻)

stinky /ˈstiŋki/ adj. (stinkier, stinkiest) colloq.  having a strong or unpleasant smell [口]臭的；恶臭的

stint /stint/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  supply (food or aid etc.) in a niggardly amount or grudgingly (食物或帮助等)限量供给 2 tr. (often 常作 refl.)  supply (a person etc.) in this way 使(某人)节衣缩食，省吃俭用 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  be grudging or mean about 节省；吝惜 ●n.  1  a limitation of supply or effort 节省；吝惜  without stint  毫不吝惜 2  a fixed or allotted amount or period of work 定量；限额；分配的任务；工作期限  do one's stint  完成定额 3  a small sandpiper, esp. a dunlin 小矶鹞(尤指滨鹬) □ stintless  adj.   [Old English styntan ‘to blunt, dull’, from Germanic: related to STUNT1]

stipe /staip/ n. Bot. & Zool.  a stalk or stem, esp. the support of a carpel, the stalk of a frond, the stem of a fungus, or an eye-stalk 【植】【动】柄，茎 □ stipiform  adj.  □ stipitate  /ˈstipiteit, -tət/ adj.  □ stipitiform  /stiˈpitifɔ:m/ adj.   [French from Latin stipes: see STIPES]

stipel /ˈstaip(ə)l/ n. Bot.  a secondary stipule at the base of the leaflets of a compound leaf 【植】(复叶中小叶基部的)小托叶 □ stipellate  /-leit, ˌstiˈpelət/ adj.   [French stipelle from modern Latin stipella, diminutive of Latin stipula ‘straw’]

stipend /ˈstaipend/ n.  a fixed regular allowance or salary, esp. Brit. one paid to a clergyman ([尤英]发给牧师的)薪金，俸给 [Middle English from Old French stipend(i)e or Latin stipendium, from stips ‘wages’ + pendere ‘to pay’]

stipendiary /staiˈpendjəri, sti-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  receiving a stipend 有俸给的，领俸金的 2  working for pay, not voluntarily 为俸给而工作的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person receiving a stipend 领薪金者 [Latin stipendiarius (as STIPEND)]

stipendiary magistrate n.  a paid professional magistrate 领薪治安官

stipes /ˈstaipi:z/ n. (pl. stipites /ˈstipiti:z/) Bot. & Zool. 【植】【动】  = STIPE  [Latin, = log, tree trunk]

stipple /ˈstip(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  draw or paint or engrave etc. with dots instead of lines 点刻；点画；点彩 2 tr.  roughen the surface of (paint, cement, etc.) (把油漆面、水泥面等)弄毛糙 ●n.  1  the process or technique of stippling 点刻；点画；点彩 2  the effect of stippling 点刻效果；点画效果；点彩效果 □ stippler  n.  □ stippling  n.   [Dutch stippelen, frequentative of stippen ‘to prick’, from stip ‘a point’]

stipulate1 /ˈstipjʊleit/ v. tr.  1  demand or specify as part of a bargain or agreement 规定；约定 2 (foll. by 后跟 for)  mention or insist upon as an essential condition 制定要求，订立条件 3 (as 作 stipulated adj.)  laid down in the terms of an agreement 规定的；约定的 □ stipulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ stipulator  n.   [Latin stipulari]

stipulate2 /ˈstipjʊlət/ adj. Bot.  having stipules 【植】有托叶的 [Latin stipula (as STIPULE)]

stipule /ˈstipju:l/ n.  a small leaflike appendage to a leaf, usu. at the base of a leaf-stem (通常位于叶茎基部的)托叶 □ stipular  adj.   [French stipule or Latin stipula ‘straw’]

stir1 /stɜ:/ v. & n. ●v. (stirred, stirring)  1 tr.  move a spoon or other implement round and round in (a liquid etc.), esp. to mix the ingredients or constituents 搅动；搅拌；搅和 2  a tr.  cause to move or be disturbed, esp. slightly 使移动；(尤指)使微动  a breeze stirred the lake  微风吹皱了湖水b intr.  be or begin to be in motion 动；移动  not a creature was stirring  万物俱寂c refl.  rouse (oneself), esp. from a lethargic state (尤指从昏睡状态)使(自己)活动 3 intr.  rise from sleep 苏醒；醒来  is still not stirring  还没醒来 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out of)  leave; go out of (esp. one's house) 离开；走出(尤指房屋) 5 tr.  arouse or inspire or excite (the emotions etc., or a person as regards these) 引起；激发；煽动(情绪)  was stirred to anger  被激怒 it stirred the imagination  它激发了想像 6 intr. colloq.  cause trouble between people by gossiping etc. [口]挑拨是非 ●n.  1  an act of stirring 搅动；搅拌；搅和  give it a good stir  充分搅拌 2  commotion or excitement; public attention 骚动；哄动；广泛的关注  caused quite a stir  引起哄动 3  the slightest movement 微动；动静  not a stir  毫无动静 □ stir the blood   inspire enthusiasm etc. 令人激动(或兴奋)□ stir a finger   = lift a finger □ stir in   mix (an added ingredient) with a substance by stirring 把…搅拌进□ stir one's stumps  colloq. [口]  1  begin to move 快走，拔脚走 2  become active 兴奋；活跃□ stir up   1  mix thoroughly by stirring 搅拌 2  incite (trouble etc.) 煽动，挑起(麻烦等)  loved stirring things up  喜欢惹是生非 3  stimulate, excite, arouse 刺激；激起；唤起  stirred up their curiosity  引起他们的好奇心□ stirless  adj.   [Old English styrian, from Germanic]

stir2 /stɜ:/ n. slang  a prison (esp. 尤用于 in stir 坐牢) [俚语]监狱 [19th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps from Romany sturbin ‘jail’]

stir-crazy adj. slang  deranged from long imprisonment [俚语] (由于长期监禁而)精神失常的

stir-fry v. & n. ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  fry rapidly while stirring and tossing 煸炒 ●n.  a stir-fried dish (一盘)炒菜

stirk /stɜ:k/ n. Brit. dial.  a yearling bullock or heifer [英方]一两岁的小牛犊 [Old English stirc, perhaps from stēor STEER2 + oc -OCK]

stirps /stɜ:ps/ n. (pl. stirpes /-pi:z/)  1 Biol.  a classificatory group 【生】种群 2 Law 【法律】  a  a branch of a family 家系b  its progenitor 祖先 [Latin, = stock]

stirrer /ˈstɜ:rə/ n.  1  a thing or a person that stirs 搅拌器；搅拌者 2 Brit. colloq.  a troublemaker; an agitator [英口]惹事生非者；煽动者

stirring /ˈstɜ:riŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  stimulating, exciting, rousing 激动人心的；令人兴奋的；令人振奋的 2 archaic  actively occupied [古义]活跃的，忙碌的  lead a stirring life  过着忙碌的生活 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  initial activity or indications of such activity 初始活动(或迹象)  stirrings of a new culture  新文化的开端 2  initial feelings 初始的感情  stirrings of sympathy  开始萌生的同情感 □ stirringly  adv.   [Old English styrende (as STIR1)]

stirrup /ˈstirəp/ n.  1  each of a pair of devices attached to each side of a horse's saddle, in the form of a loop with a flat base to support the rider's foot 马镫 2 (作 attrib.)  having the shape of a stirrup 镫形物 3 (in full 全称 stirrup bone)  = STAPES  [Old English stigrɑˉp, from stigan climb (as STILE1) + ROPE]

stirrup cup n.  a cup of wine etc. offered to a person about to depart, originally on horseback 上马酒，饯行酒

stirrup iron n.  the metal loop of a stirrup 马镫(不包括皮带)

stirrup leather n.  the strap attaching a stirrup to a saddle 马镫皮带

stirrup pump n.  a hand-operated water pump with a footrest, used to extinguish small fires 手摇灭火泵

stitch /stitʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (in sewing or knitting or crocheting etc.) a single pass of a needle or the thread or loop etc. resulting from this (缝纫、针织、编织等的)一针；针脚；针迹b  a particular method of sewing or knitting etc. (缝纫等的)针法；编结法  am learning a new stitch (我) 正在学习一种新的编织法 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Surgery  each of the loops of material used in sewing up a wound 【外科】(缝合伤口的)一针 3  the least bit of clothing 少许衣服  hadn't a stitch on  身上一丝不挂 4  an acute pain in the side of the body induced by running etc. (跑步等引起的肋部的)剧痛 ●v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  sew; make stitches (in) 缝；缝缀 2  join or close with stitches 缝合 □ in stitches  colloq.  laughing uncontrollably [口]忍俊不禁□ stitch up   1  join or mend by sewing or stitching 缝合；缝补 2 Brit. slang  cause (a person) to be charged with a crime, esp. by informing or manufacturing evidence; cheat [英] [俚语] (尤指通过告密或捏造证据)使…被指控 3 slang ; often derog. [俚语] [常贬] = sew up 2□ stitcher  n.  □ stitchery  n.  □ stitchless  adj.   [Old English stice from Germanic: related to STICK2]

stitch in time n.  a timely remedy 及时补救

stitch-up n. slang [俚语]  1  an act of incriminating a person for a crime 使…被控告的行为 2 often derog.  an act of securing the outcome of something to one's advantage [常贬]确保结局对自己有利

stitchwort /ˈstitʃwɜ:t/ n.  any plant of the genus Stellaria, esp. S. holostea with an erect stem and white starry flowers, once thought to cure a stitch in the side 繁缕(生有直立茎，开星状白花，曾被认为可以医治肋部剧痛)

stiver /ˈstaivə/ n.  the smallest quantity or amount 微量；一点  don't care a stiver  毫不在乎 [Dutch stuiver, a small coin, probably related to STUB]

St John's wort /dʒɒnz/ n.  any yellow-flowered plant of the genus Hypericum, esp. H. androsaemum 金丝桃，圣约翰菜(开黄花) [so named because some species come into flower near the feast day of St John the Baptist (24 June)]

St Kitts and Nevis   圣基茨和尼维斯

St Leger /ˈledʒə/ n.  a horse race at Doncaster in England for three-year-olds 圣莱杰赛(在英国唐克斯特举行的 3 岁小马的比赛) [named after Col. B. St Leger (d. 1789), who founded the race in 1776]

St Lucia   圣卢西亚

St Luke's summer /lu:ks/ n. Brit.  a period of fine weather expected about 18 Oct (the saint's feast day) [英]圣卢克夏日(在 10 月 18 日左右，即圣卢克祝典日左右的一段异常温暖的日子)

St Martin's summer /ˈmɑ:tinz/ n. Brit.  a period of fine weather expected about 11 Nov (the feast day of St Martin of Tours) [英]圣马丁夏日 (11 月 11 日圣马丁祝典日左右一段天气晴好的日子)

stoa /ˈstəʊə/ n. (pl. stoas)  1  a portico or roofed colonnade in ancient Greek architecture (古希腊建筑的)拱廊；柱廊 2 (the Stoa)  the Stoic school of philosophy 斯多葛派哲学 [Greek: cf. STOIC]

stoat /stəʊt/ n.  a small long-bodied carnivorous mammal, Mustela erminea, of the weasel family, having reddish-brown upper parts and a black-tipped tail, and in northern areas turning white in winter Also called ERMINE 亦称作 白鼬(一种身体细长的小型食肉动物，身体上部为红棕色，尾部尖端为黑色，在北部地区该动物的皮毛在冬季会变成白色) [Middle English: origin unknown]

stochastic /stəˈkæstik/ adj.  1  determined by a random distribution of probabilities 随机的 2 (of a process) characterized by a sequence of random variables (过程)随机的 3  governed by the laws of probability 随机的；受机率控制的 □ stochastically  adv.   [Greek stokhastikos, via stokhazomai ‘aim at, guess’ from stokhos ‘aim’]

stock /stɒk/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a store of goods etc. ready for sale or distribution etc. 贮存，贮备 2  a supply or quantity of anything for use 储存物，储备物  lay in winter stocks of fuel  储备冬季燃料 a great stock of information  大量贮存的信息 3  equipment or raw material for manufacture or trade etc. (用于生产或交易等的)设备；原料，备料  rolling stock  全部车辆 paper stock  造纸原料 4  a  farm animals or equipment 家畜；农具b  = FATSTOCK  5  a  the capital of a business company 资本b  shares in this 股份，股票 6  one's reputation or popularity 声望；声誉  his stock is rising  他的声誉陡增 7  a  money lent to a government at fixed interest 公债b  the right to receive such interest 公债债权 8  a line of ancestry; family origins 家系；血统  comes of Cornish stock  有康沃尔血统 9  liquid made by stewing bones, vegetables, fish, etc., as a basis for soup, gravy, sauce, etc. (由骨头、蔬菜、鱼等炖成的)汤汁；原汤 10  any of various fragrant-flowered cruciferous plants of the genus Matthiola or Malcolmia (originally stock-gillyflower, so called because it had a stronger stem than the clove gillyflower) 紫罗兰属植物(一种开香花的十字花科植物) 11  a plant into which a graft is inserted (插入接木的)砧木 12  the main trunk of a tree etc. (树等的)主干 13 (in pl. 用复数) hist.  a timber frame with holes for the feet and occasionally the hands and head, in which offenders were locked as a public punishment [史义] (旧时刑罚中用的)足枷；手枷；头枷 14 US [美]  a  = STOCK COMPANY b  the repertory of this 专业剧团在固定剧场的保留剧目 15  a  a base or support or handle for an implement or machine (工具或机器的)底座，支柱，把柄b  the crossbar of an anchor 锚杆 16  the butt of a rifle etc. (枪等的)托 17  a  = HEADSTOCK b  = TAILSTOCK  18 (in pl. 用复数)  the supports for a ship during building 造船台 19  a band of material worn round the neck esp. in horse-riding or below a clerical collar (尤指骑马时穿的或牧师服衣领下的)宽大硬领巾 20  hard solid brick pressed in a mould 窑砖 ●adj.  1  kept in stock and so regularly available 储备的；常备的  stock sizes  鞋、帽、成衣等的现货号码 2  perpetually repeated; hackneyed, conventional 陈腐的；老套的；死板的  a stock answer  老套的回答 ●v. tr.  1  have or keep (goods) in stock 备货；储备 2  a  provide (a shop or a farm etc.) with goods, equipment, or livestock 为…备货；为…提供装备；供给…牲畜b  fill with items needed 装满所需的物品  shelves well-stocked with books  藏书丰富的书架 3  fit (a gun etc.) with a stock 装上(枪)托 □ in stock   available immediately for sale etc. 有现货的；有库存的□ on the stocks   in construction or preparation 在建造中；在准备中□ out of stock   not immediately available for sale 无现货的；脱销的□ stock up   1  provide with or get stocks or supplies 备货，囤货 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  get in or gather a stock of (food, fuel, etc.) 囤积(食品、燃料等)□ take stock   1  make an inventory of one's stock 清点存货 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  make a review or estimate (of a situation etc.) 估量，估计(形势等) 3 (foll. by 后跟 in)  concern oneself with 关心□ stocker  n.  □ stockless  adj.   [Old English stoc, stocc, from Germanic]

stockade /stɒˈkeid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a line or enclosure of upright stakes (用直立木桩等围成的)栅栏，围栏 2 esp. N. Amer.  a prison, esp. a military one [尤北美]监狱(尤指军事监狱) ●v. tr.  fortify with a stockade 用栅栏设防 [obsolete French estocade, alteration of estacade from Spanish estacada, ultimately from Germanic: related to STAKE1]

stock-book n.  a book showing amounts of goods acquired and disposed of 库存货帐簿

stockbreeder /ˈstɒkbri:də/ n.  a farmer who raises livestock 牲畜饲养者 □ stockbreeding  n.  

stockbroker /ˈstɒkbrəʊkə/ n.  = BROKER 2  □ stockbrokerage  n.  □ stockbroking  n.  

stockbroker belt n. Brit.  an affluent residential area, esp. near a business centre such as London [英] (尤指靠近伦敦这样的商业中心的)远郊富人区

stock car n.  1  a specially strengthened production car for use in racing in which collision occurs (经特殊加固后抗碰撞的)比赛用汽车 2 N. Amer.  a railway truck for transporting livestock [北美]运牲口的车皮(或车厢)

stock company n. US  a repertory company performing mainly at a particular theatre [美] (在固定剧场轮演保留剧目的)专业剧团

stock dove n.  a European wild pigeon, Columba oenas, with a shorter tail and squarer head than a wood pigeon and breeding in tree trunks 欧鸽(产于欧洲的一种野鸽，尾巴比斑鸠短，头比斑鸠方，在树干中繁殖后代)

Stock Exchange n. (also 亦作 stock exchange)  1  a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold 证券交易所 2  the dealers working there 证券交易者

stockfish /ˈstɒkfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  cod or a similar fish split and dried in the open air without salt (不加盐风干的)淡鳕鱼干 [Middle Low German, Middle Dutch stokvisch, of unknown origin]

stockholder /ˈstɒkhəʊldə/ n.  an owner of stocks or shares 股票(或证券)持有人，股东 □ stockholding  n.  

Stockholm /ˈstɒkhəum/ n.  斯德哥尔摩 [瑞典首都]

stockinet /stɒkiˈnet/ n. (also 亦作 stockinette)  an elastic knitted material 弹力织物 [probably from stocking-net]

stocking /ˈstɒkiŋ/ n.  1  a  either of a pair of long separate usu. knitted coverings for the legs and feet, esp. a woman's semi-transparent thigh-length leg-covering in usu. nylon 长(统)袜(尤指妇女穿的一种长至大腿的半透明尼龙袜)b esp. US [尤美]  = SOCK1 1  2  any close-fitting garment resembling a stocking 紧身服装  bodystocking  上下相连的紧身衣裤 3  a differently coloured, usu. white, lower part of the leg of a horse etc. (马等的)毛色明显不同的小腿(通常为白色) □ in one's stocking (or stockinged) feet   without shoes (esp. while being measured) (尤指量身高时)只穿袜不穿鞋的□ stockinged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ stockingless  adj.   [STOCK in the (now dialect) sense ‘stocking’ + -ING1]

stocking cap n.  a knitted usu. conical cap 锥形针织帽

stocking filler n. Brit. (US [美] stocking stuffer)  a small present suitable for a Christmas stocking [英] (尤指可塞入圣诞长袜中的)圣诞礼物

stocking stitch n. Knitting  a stitch of alternate rows of plain and purl, making a plain smooth surface on one side 【编织】隔行正反针编织法

stock-in-trade n.  1  a  all the requisites of a trade or profession (某项贸易或某一行业的)必备用具b  the goods kept on sale by a dealer or shopkeeper (经销商或店主的)库存品；存货 2  a ready supply of characteristic phrases, attitudes, etc. 惯用言辞(或态度等)

stockist /ˈstɒkist/ n. Brit.  a dealer who stocks goods of a particular type for sale [英]有存货的经销商

stockjobber /ˈstɒkdʒɒbə/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  = JOBBER 1  2 US [美]  = JOBBER 2b  □ stockjobbing  n.  

stocklist /ˈstɒklist/ n. Brit.  a regular publication stating a dealer's stock of goods with current prices etc. [英] (标有现价等的)库存货物表

stockman /ˈstɒkmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a Austral.  a man in charge of livestock [澳]畜牧工；牲畜饲养员b US  an owner of livestock [美]牧场主 2 US  a person in charge of a stock of goods in a warehouse etc. [美]仓库管理员

stock market n.  1  = STOCK EXCHANGE  2  transactions on this 证券交易

stockout /ˈstɒkaʊt/ n.  an instance of an item being out of stock when wanted by a customer 脱销

stockpile /ˈstɒkpail/ n. & v. ●n.  an accumulated stock of goods, materials, weapons, etc., held in reserve 储备的货物(或材料、武器等) ●v. tr.  accumulate a stockpile of 储备物资 □ stockpiler  n.  

stockpot /ˈstɒkpɒt/ n.  a pot for cooking stock for soup etc. (炖原汤汁等用的)炖锅

stockroom /ˈstɒkru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room for storing goods in stock 储藏室，库房

stock-still adv.  completely motionless 静止的；纹丝不动的

stocktaking /ˈstɒkteikiŋ/ n.  1  the process of making an inventory of stock in a shop etc. (商店等的)存货盘点 2  a review of one's position and resources 估计；估量 □ stocktake  n.  □ stocktaker  n.  

stocky /ˈstɒki/ adj. (stockier, stockiest) (of a person, plant, or animal) short and strongly built; thickset (人、植物或动物)矮壮的；粗壮的 □ stockily  adv.  □ stockiness  n.  

stockyard /ˈstɒkjɑ:d/ n.  an enclosure with pens etc. for the sorting or temporary keeping of cattle 牲畜围栏；牲畜围场

stodge /stɒdʒ/ n. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  food esp. of a thick heavy kind 食物(尤指油腻的食物) 2  an unimaginative person or idea 缺乏想像力的人(或念头) [earlier as verb: imitative, suggested by stuff and podge]

stodgy /ˈstɒdʒi/ adj. (stodgier, stodgiest)  1 Brit. (of food) heavy and indigestible [英] (食物)油腻难吃的；不易消化的 2  dull and uninteresting 乏味枯燥的 3 (of a literary style etc.) turgid and dull (文体等)滞重乏味的 □ stodgily  adv.  □ stodginess  n.  

stoep /stu:p/ n. S. Afr.  a terraced veranda in front of a house [南非]屋前游廊；门廊 [Dutch, related to STEP]

stogy /ˈstəʊɡi/ n. (also 亦作 stogie) (pl. -ies)  1 N. Amer.  a long narrow roughly made cigar [北美]廉价的细长雪茄 2 US  a rough heavy boot [美]粗笨的靴子 [originally stoga, short for Conestoga in Pennsylvania]

Stoic /ˈstəʊik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded at Athens by Zeno c. 308 BC, which sought virtue as the greatest good and taught control of one's feelings and passions 斯多葛派学者(公元前 3 世纪左右由芝诺在雅典创立的古希腊哲学学派，该学派以坚忍自制为最高美德) 2 (作 stoic)  a stoical person 坚忍的人 ●adj.  1  of or like the Stoics 斯多葛学派的 2 (作 stoic)  = STOICAL  [Middle English via Latin stoicus from Greek stōikos, from STOA (with reference to Zeno's teaching in the Stoa Poikilē or Painted Porch at Athens)]

stoical /ˈstəʊik(ə)l/ adj.  having or showing great self-control in adversity 坚忍的；禁欲的 □ stoically  adv.  

stoichiometry /stɔikiˈɒmitri/ n. (also 亦作 stoichometry /stɔiˈkɒmitri/) Chem. 【化】  1  the fixed, usu. rational numerical relationship between the relative quantities of substances in a reaction or compound 化学定量关系 2  the determination or measurement of these quantities 化学计量 □ stoichiometric  /-kiəˈmetrik/ adj.   [Greek stoikheion ‘element’ + -METRY]

Stoicism /ˈstəʊisiz(ə)m/ n.  1  the philosophy of the Stoics 斯多葛派哲学 2 (作 stoicism)  a stoical attitude 坚忍；恬淡寡欲

stoke /stəʊk/ v. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  1  a tr.  feed and tend (a fire or furnace etc.) 烧(火)；添(煤等)b intr.  act as a stoker 司炉 2 intr. colloq.  consume food, esp. steadily and in large quantities [口]吃；(尤指)大吃一顿 [back-formation from STOKER]

stokehold /ˈstəʊkhəʊld/ n.  a compartment in a steamship, containing its boilers and furnace (汽船上的)锅炉舱

stokehole /ˈstəʊkhəʊl/ n.  a space for stokers in front of a furnace 炉膛口

stoker /ˈstəʊkə/ n.  a person who tends the furnace on a steamship 锅炉工；司炉 [Dutch, via stoken ‘stoke’ from Middle Dutch stoken ‘push, poke’: related to STICK1]

stokes /stəʊks/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Physics  the cgs unit of kinematic viscosity, corresponding to a dynamic viscosity of 1 poise and a density of 1 gram per cubic centimetre, equivalent to 10-4 square metres per second 【物理学】斯托克斯(动力黏度单位，相当于每秒 10-4 平方米) [named after Sir G. G. Stokes, British physicist d. 1903]

STOL abbr. Aeron.  short take-off and landing [缩略]【空】短距起落

stole1 /stəʊl/ n.  1  a woman's long garment like a scarf, worn over the shoulders 女用披肩；女用长围巾 2  a strip of silk etc. worn similarly as a vestment by a priest (教士披戴的)圣带 [Old English stol, stole (originally a long robe), via Latin stola from Greek stolē ‘equipment, clothing’]

stole2 past  of STEAL  

stolen past part.  of STEAL  

stolid /ˈstɒlid/ adj.  1  lacking or concealing emotion or animation 不动感情的；冷淡的 2  not easily excited or moved 不易激动的；不易感动的 □ stolidity  /-ˈliditi/ n.  □ stolidly  adv.  □ stolidness  n.   [obsolete French stolide or Latin stolidus]

stolon /ˈstəʊlɒn/ n.  1 Bot.  a horizontal stem or branch that takes root at points along its length, forming new plants 【植】匍匐茎；匍匐枝 2 Zool.  a branched stemlike structure in some invertebrates such as corals 【动】(珊瑚等无脊椎动物的)生殖根 □ stolonate  /-neit/ adj.  □ stoloniferous  /-ˈnif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [Latin stolo -onis]

stoma /ˈstəʊmə/ n. (pl. stomas or stomata /-mətə/)  1 Bot.  a minute pore in the epidermis of a leaf 【植】(叶片表皮上的)气孔 2  a Zool.  a small mouthlike opening in some lower animals 【动】(某些低等动物的)气门，呼吸孔b Surgery  a similar artificial orifice made in the abdominal wall 【外科】(经外科手术开在腹壁的)人造口 □ stomal  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek stoma -atos ‘mouth’]

stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the internal organ in which the first part of digestion occurs, being in man a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the oesophagus to the small intestine 胃b  any of several such organs in animals, esp. ruminants, in which there are four (cf. 参见 RUMEN, RETICULUM, OMASUM, ABOMASUM) (动物尤指反刍动物的)胃 2  a  the belly, abdomen, or lower front of the body 肚子；腹部  pit of the stomach  心窝b  a protuberant belly 凸出的腹部  what a stomach he has got!  他的肚子真大！ 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  a  an appetite (for food) (对于食物的)胃口b  liking, readiness, or inclination (for controversy, conflict, danger, or an undertaking) (对于争论、冲突、危险或事业的)爱好，欲望  had no stomach for the fight  对打架没兴趣 ●v. tr.  1  find sufficiently palatable to swallow or keep down 吃下，能吃 2  submit to or endure (an affront etc.) 承受；忍受(侮辱等) usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用 : cannot stomach it  对此无法忍受 □ on an empty stomach   not having eaten recently 饿着肚子□ on a full stomach   soon after a large meal 饱着肚子□ stomachful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ stomachless  adj.   [Middle English stomak via Old French stomaque, estomac and Latin stomachus from Greek stomakhos ‘gullet’, from stoma ‘mouth’]

stomach-ache n.  a pain in the belly or bowels 胃痛；腹痛

stomacher /ˈstʌməkə/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a pointed front-piece of a woman's dress covering the breast and pit of the stomach, often jewelled or embroidered (通常镶有珠宝或绣有图案花纹的)胸兜 2  an ornament worn on the front of a bodice 胸兜饰物 [Middle English, probably from Old French estomachier (as STOMACH)]

stomachic /stəˈmækik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the stomach 胃的；与胃有关的 2  promoting the appetite or assisting digestion 健胃的；开胃的 ●n.  a medicine or stimulant for the stomach 健胃药；开胃剂 [French stomachique or Latin stomachicus from Greek stomakhikos (as STOMACH)]

stomach pump n.  a syringe for forcing liquid etc. into or out of the stomach (洗胃用的)胃唧筒

stomach tube n.  a tube introduced into the stomach via the gullet for cleansing or emptying it (洗胃用的)胃管

stomach upset n.  a temporary slight disorder of the digestive system 胃肠不适；消化不良

stomata pl.  of STOMA  

stomatal /ˈstəʊmət(ə)l, ˈstɒ-/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  of or relating to a stoma or stomata 【植】【动】气孔的；气门的

stomatitis /stəʊməˈtaitis, stɒ-/ n. Med.  inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth 【医】口腔炎

stomatology /stəʊməˈtɒlədʒi, stɒ-/ n.  the scientific study of the mouth or its diseases 口腔(病)学 □ stomatological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ stomatologist  n.  

stomp /stɒmp/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  tread or stamp heavily 跺脚；践踏；重踏 ●n.  1  a lively jazz dance with heavy stamping 顿足爵士舞 2  a tune or song suitable for such a dance 顿足爵士舞曲 □ stomper  n.   [US dialect variant of STAMP]

stone /stəʊn/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a  solid non-metallic mineral matter, of which rock is made 石头；石料b  a piece of this, esp. a small piece 石块，石子 2 Building 【建筑术】  a  = LIMESTONE Portland stone  波特兰石 b  = SANDSTONEn. 2  Bath stone  巴斯石灰石  3 Mineral. 【矿】  = PRECIOUS STONE  4  a stony meteorite, an aerolite 陨石 5 (often in comb. 常用于复合词)  a piece of stone of a definite shape or for a particular purpose 特殊形状(或特殊用途)的石头  tombstone  墓碑石 stepping stone  垫脚石 6  a  a thing resembling stone in hardness or form, e.g. the hard case of the kernel in some fruits 形状(或硬度)似石的东西(如果核)b Med. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a hard concretion in the body, a calculus 【医】(体内的)结石  gallstones  胆结石 7 (pl. same 单复同) Brit.  a unit of weight equal to 14 lb (6.35 kg) [英]英石(英制重量单位，相当于 14 磅或 6.35 千克) 8  a brownish-grey colour 棕灰色；石灰色 ●adj.  1  made of stone 石的；石制的 2  of a brownish-grey colour 棕灰色的；石灰色的 ●v. tr.  1  a  pelt with stones 用石头投掷b  put to death by pelting with stones 用石头砸死 2  remove the stones from (fruit) 去除…的(果)核 3  face or pave etc. with stone 用石头覆盖(或铺砌等) □ cast (or throw) stones   make aspersions on a person's character etc. 诽谤，中伤(某人的品质等)□ cast (or throw) the first stone   be the first to make an accusation, esp. though guilty oneself (尤指自身有错却)率先批评(或攻击、责难)□ leave no stone unturned   try all possible means 千方百计；想尽办法□ stone the crows  Brit. slang  an exclamation of surprise or disgust [英] [俚语]哎呀(用作感叹语，表示惊讶或嫌恶)□ a stone's throw   a short distance 短距离，近距离□ stoned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ stoneless  adj.  □ stoner  n.   [Old English stɑˉn, from Germanic]

Stone Age n.  a prehistoric period when weapons and tools were made of stone, succeeded in Europe by the Bronze Age 石器时代(武器和工具都是石制的一个史前时代，在欧洲先于青铜时代)

stonechat /ˈstəʊntʃæt/ n.  any small brown bird of the thrush family with black and white markings, esp. Saxicola torquata with a call like stones being knocked together 一种有黑白斑纹的棕色小鸟(其叫声似卵石相击时发出的声音)

stone circle n. Archaeol. 【考古】  = CIRCLEn. 7 

stone-coal n.  anthracite 无烟煤

stone-cold adj.  completely cold 冷透了的

stone-cold sober predic. adj.  completely sober 十分清醒的

stonecrop /ˈstəʊnkrɒp/ n.  any succulent plant of the genus Sedum, usu. having yellow or white flowers and growing amongst rocks or in walls 景天属植物(通常生长在岩石或墙中，开黄色或白色花朵)

stone curlew n.  any mottled brown and grey plover-like bird of the family Burhinidae, esp. Burhinus oedicnemus, inhabiting esp. stony open country 石鸻(羽毛有棕灰色斑点的小鸟，尤喜栖息于多石空旷的乡村)

stonecutter /ˈstəʊnkʌtə/ n.  a person or machine that cuts or carves stone 凿石工，石匠；截石机，切石机

stoned /stəʊnd/ adj. slang  under the influence of alcohol or drugs [俚语]醉酒的；(受毒品)麻醉的

stone-dead adj.  completely dead 完全死了的；毫无生命的

stone-deaf adj.  completely deaf 完全耳聋的

stonefish /ˈstəʊnfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a venomous tropical fish, Synanceia verrucosa, with poison glands underlying its erect dorsal spines Also called 亦称作 DEVILFISH 石鱼(一种分泌毒液的热带鱼，其竖立的背脊上长有毒腺)

stonefly /ˈstəʊnflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any insect of the order Plecoptera, with aquatic larvae found under stones 石蝇(其幼虫生活在水边的石头下)

stone fruit n.  a fruit with flesh or pulp enclosing a stone 核果

stoneground /ˈstəʊnɡraʊnd/ adj. (of flour) ground with millstones (面粉)用细磨磨的

stonehatch /ˈstəʊnhætʃ/ n.  a ringed plover 剑鸻

stone marten n.  a brown marten with a white throat, Martes foina, of S. Eurasia Also called 亦称作 beech marten 石貂(一种喉头为白色的棕色貂，产于欧亚大陆南部)

stonemason /ˈstəʊnmeis(ə)n/ n.  a person who cuts, prepares, and builds with stone 石工，石匠 □ stonemasonry  n.  

stone parsley n.  an umbelliferous hedge-plant, Sison amomum, with strongly scented seeds 豆蔻流水草(一种长有伞状花序的树篱植物，其籽极其芬芳)

stone pine n.  a S. European pine tree, Pinus pinea, with branches at the top spreading like an umbrella 瑞士岩松(产于南欧的一种松树，其顶部枝叶形成伞状)

stone-pit n.  a pit from which stones are dug; a quarry 石坑；采石场

stonewall /ˈstəʊnwɔ:l, stəʊnˈwɔ:l/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  obstruct (discussion or investigation) or be obstructive with evasive answers or denials etc. (用模棱两可的回答或否定等)阻碍，妨碍(讨论或调查) 2 intr. Cricket  bat with excessive caution 【板球】防守挡击 □ stonewaller  n.  □ stonewalling  n.  

stoneware /ˈstəʊnwɛə/ n.  a type of pottery which is impermeable and partly vitrified but opaque 粗陶器

stonewashed /ˈstəʊnwɒʃd/ adj. (of a garment or fabric, esp. denim) washed with abrasives to produce a worn or faded appearance (衣服或布料尤指斜纹粗棉布)砂洗的

stoneweed /ˈstəʊnwi:d/ n.  = GROMWELL 

stonework /ˈstəʊnwɜ:k/ n.  1  masonry 石工技艺，石工行业 2  the parts of a building made of stone (建筑物的)石造部分 □ stoneworker  n.  

stonewort /ˈstəʊnwɜ:t/ n.  1  = STONE PARSLEY  2  any freshwater alga of the genus Chara, with a calcareous deposit on the stem 轮藻(一种淡水藻类，茎干上有钙质沉淀)

stonkered /ˈstɒŋkəd/ adj. Austral. & NZ slang  utterly defeated or exhausted [澳新] [俚语]被彻底打败的；筋疲力尽的 [stonk, = a game of marbles, an artillery bombardment, of unknown origin]

stonking /ˈstɒŋkiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●adj.  considerable; exciting 相当可观的；令人兴奋的 ●adv. (as an intensifier 加强语气)  extremely 极其，非常 [stonk ‘a marble, a military bombardment’, perhaps imitative]

stony /ˈstəʊni/ adj. (stonier, stoniest)  1  full of or covered with stones 多石的；铺石头的  stony soil  石质土 a stony road  石路 2  a  hard, rigid 坚硬的；刚硬的b  cold, unfeeling, uncompromising 冷酷的；无情的；强硬的  a stony stare  冷酷的注视 a stony silence  无情的沉默 □ stonily  adv.  □ stoniness  n.   [Old English stɑˉnig (as STONE)]

stony-broke adj. Brit. slang  entirely without money [英] [俚语]身无分文的

stony coral  see 见 CORAL n. 2 

stony-hearted adj.  unfeeling, obdurate 铁石心肠的；冷酷无情的

stood past and past part.  of STAND 

stooge /stu:dʒ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a butt or foil, esp. for a comedian (尤指喜剧中配合主角的)配角 2  an assistant or subordinate, esp. for routine or unpleasant work (尤指做例行公事或无趣工作的)助手；帮手 3  a compliant person; a puppet 傀儡；走狗 ●v. intr.  1 (foll. by 后跟 for)  act as a stooge for 当配角；当助手 2 (foll. by 后跟 about, around, etc.) Brit.  move about aimlessly [英]闲逛 [20th c.: origin unknown]

stook /stʊk, stu:k/ n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  a group of sheaves of grain stood on end in a field 禾束堆 ●v. tr.  arrange in stooks 把(禾谷)整理成堆 [Middle English stouk, from or related to Middle Low German stūke]

stool /stu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a seat without a back or arms, usu. for one person and consisting of a wooden slab on three or four legs or a single pedestal 凳子 2  a  = FOOTSTOOL b  a low bench for kneeling on 跪凳 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  = FAECES  4  the root or stump of a tree or plant from which the shoots spring (可长出新芽的)根株，母株 5 US  a decoy-bird in hunting [美] (用来诱捕野鸟的)囮鸽 ●v. intr. (of a plant) throw up shoots from the root (植物的根株)长新芽，分蘖 □ fall between two stools   fail from vacillation between two courses etc. 两头落空 [Old English stōl from Germanic: related to STAND]

stoolball /ˈstu:lbɔ:l/ n.  a team game played in the UK, with a bat and ball and pairs of batters scoring runs between bases 老式板球(英国一种类似板球的古老球戏)

stoolie /ˈstu:li/ n. N. Amer. slang  a person acting as a stool-pigeon [北美] [俚语] (警方的)眼线，内线

stool-pigeon n.  1  a person acting as a decoy (originally a decoy of a pigeon fixed to a stool) 诱人上当的人 2  a police informer (警方的)眼线，内线

stoop1 /stu:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  bend (one's head or body) forwards and downwards 俯(首)；弯(腰) 2 intr.  carry one's head and shoulders bowed forward 屈身站立(或行走等) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  deign or condescend 屈尊；屈就 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  descend or lower oneself to (some conduct) 降格，堕落(去做某事)  has stooped to crime  堕落到去犯罪 5 intr. (of a hawk etc.) swoop on its prey (鹰等)俯冲捕食 ●n.  1  a stooping posture 俯身；弯腰；曲背 2  the downward swoop of a hawk etc. (鹰等捕猎时的)俯冲下扑 [Old English stūpian from Germanic: related to STEEP1]

stoop2 /stu:p/ n. N. Amer.  a porch or small veranda or set of steps in front of a house [北美] (房屋前的)门廊，门阶 [Dutch stoep: see STOEP]

stoop3 var.  of STOUP  STOUP 的变体

stop /stɒp/ v. & n. ●v. (stopped, stopping)  1 tr.  a  put an end to (motion etc.); completely check the progress or motion or operation of 停，停止b  effectively hinder or prevent 阻止；制止  stopped them playing so loudly  制止他们吵闹c  discontinue (an action or sequence of actions) 使中断；使停止  stopped playing  停止玩耍 stopped my visits  中断了我的访问 2 intr.  come to an end; cease 结束；中断  supplies suddenly stopped  供应突然中断了 3 intr.  cease from motion or speaking or action; make a halt or pause 中止；停顿  the car stopped at the lights  汽车在交通灯前停了下来 he stopped in the middle of a sentence  他一句话没说完就停住了 my watch has stopped  我的手表停了 4 tr.  a  cause to cease action; defeat 使结束；击败b Boxing  defeat (an opponent) by a knockout 【拳击】击倒(对手) 5 tr. colloq.  receive (a blow etc.) [口]受到(打击等) 6 intr.  remain; stay for a short time 逗留；停留 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  block or close up (a hole or leak etc.) 堵塞，填塞(洞或缝隙等) 8 tr.  not permit or supply as usual; discontinue or withhold 断绝；截断  shall stop their wages  要停发他们的工资 9 tr. (in full 全称 stop payment of or on)  instruct a bank to withhold payment on (a cheque) 止付；停止兑付 10 tr. Brit.  put a filling in (a tooth) [英]补(牙) 11 tr.  obtain the required pitch from (the string of a violin etc.) by pressing at the appropriate point with the finger 用手指压(小提琴等的弦)以改变音调 12 tr.  plug the upper end of (an organ pipe), giving a note an octave lower 按住(管乐器上的孔)以降低音高 13 tr. Bridge  be able to prevent opponents from taking all the tricks in (a suit) 【桥牌】阻止对方连拿(某一花色的牌张) 14 tr.  make (a sound) inaudible 堵住(声音) 15 tr. Boxing 【拳击】  a  parry (a blow) 躲避(打击)b  knock out (an opponent) 击倒(对手) 16 tr.  pinch back (a plant) 修剪或掐断(植物的枝条) 17 tr.  make (a clock, factory, etc.) cease working 使(钟表)停摆；使(工厂等)停工 18 tr. Brit.  provide with punctuation [英]给…加标点 19 tr. Naut.  make fast; stopper (a cable etc.) 【海】扎住；系紧(船缆等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of stopping; the state of being stopped 停止；终止  put a stop to  使…结束 the vehicle was brought to a stop  车辆被停了下来 2  a place designated for a bus or train etc. to stop (汽车或火车等的)车站 3 Brit.  a punctuation mark, esp. = FULL STOP 1 [英]句号 (尤) 4  a device for stopping motion at a particular point 定位器；止动器 5  a change of pitch effected by stopping a string (演奏时按孔或弦产生的)音调变化 6  a (in an organ) a row of pipes of one character (风琴的)排列的琴管b  a knob etc. operating these 音栓 7  a manner of speech adopted to produce a particular effect (发音时的)闭止 8 Optics & Photog. 【光学】【摄】  = DIAPHRAGM 3, 4  9  a  the effective diameter of a lens 光圈b  a device for reducing this 光圈调节器c  a unit of change of relative aperture or exposure (with a reduction of one stop equivalent to halving it) 光圈数 10  a plosive consonant 爆破辅音 11 (in telegrams etc.) a full stop (电报等中的)句号的代字 12 Bridge  a card or cards stopping a suit 【桥牌】止张(指阻止对方连拿某一花色的牌) 13 Naut.  a small line used as a lashing 【海】掣索 □ pull all the stops out   see 见 PULL □ put a stop to   cause to end, esp. abruptly 使(尤指突然地)停止□ stop at nothing   be ruthless 肆无忌惮；不择手段□ stop by  (also absol. [亦含宾])  call at (a place) 顺便造访□ stop dead (or short)   cease abruptly 突然停止□ stop down  Photog.  reduce the aperture of (a lens) with a diaphragm 【摄】缩小(镜头的)光圈□ stop one's ears   1  put one's fingers in one's ears to avoid hearing 捂住耳朵不听 2  refuse to listen 拒绝听□ stop a gap   serve to meet a temporary need 填补空白□ stop a person's mouth   induce a person by bribery or other means to keep silent about something (用贿赂)堵住某人的嘴；不让某人泄露秘密□ stop off (or over)   break one's journey 中途停留□ stop out   1  stay out 呆在户外 2  cover (part of an area) to prevent printing, etching, etc. 盖住(部分版面)使之不被印刷(或蚀刻等)□ stop payment   1 Brit.  declare oneself insolvent [英]宣告无力支付 2  instruct a bank to withhold payment on a cheque etc. 通知银行止付(支票等)□ stopless  adj.  □ stoppable  adj.   [Old English (for) stoppian from West Germanic, from Late Latin stuppare STUFF: see ESTOP]

stopbank /ˈstɒpbæŋk/ n. Austral. & NZ  an embankment built to prevent a river flooding [澳新]防洪堤

stopcock /ˈstɒpkɒk/ n.  an externally operated valve regulating the flow of a liquid or gas through a pipe etc. (调节管子等中液体或气体流动的)管闩，活塞

stop-drill n.  a drill with a shoulder limiting the depth of penetration (带有限位环限制钻进深度的)限位钻头

stope /stəʊp/ n.  a steplike part of a mine where ore etc. is being extracted (矿山的)回采工作面 [apparently related to STEP n.]

stopgap /ˈstɒpɡæp/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a temporary substitute 临时替代人(或物)

stop-go n.  1  alternate stopping and restarting of progress 时行时止 2 Brit.  the alternate restriction and stimulation of economic demand [英]经济发展和紧缩的交替

stop-knob n. Mus.  a knob controlling an organ stop 【音】(风琴的)音栓

stop lamp n. Brit.  a light on the rear of a vehicle showing when the brakes are applied [英] (机动车尾部的)刹车灯

stop light n.  1  a red traffic light (交通信号)红灯 2  = STOP LAMP 

stopoff /ˈstɒpɒf/ n.  a break in one's journey (旅行中的)中途停留

stopover /ˈstɒpəʊvə/ n.  = STOPOFF 

stoppage /ˈstɒpidʒ/ n.  1  the condition of being blocked or stopped 停止；中止；中断 2  a stopping (of pay) 停付；止付 3  a stopping or interruption of work in a factory etc. (工厂等的)停工

stopper /ˈstɒpə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a plug for closing a bottle etc. (瓶子等的)塞子 2  a person or thing that stops something 阻挡者(或物) 3 Naut.  a rope or clamp etc. for checking and holding a rope cable or chain cable 【海】制缆索 ●v. tr.  close or secure with a stopper 用塞子(或阻塞物)塞住 □ put a stopper on   1  put an end to (a thing) 使…停止 2  keep (a person) quiet 制止(某人)说话

stopping /ˈstɒpiŋ/ n. Brit.  a filling for a tooth [英] (补牙的)填充料

stopple /ˈstɒp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a stopper or plug 阻塞物；塞子 2 (in full 全称 ear-stopple) US  an earplug [美]耳塞 ●v. tr.  close with a stopple 用塞子(或阻塞物)塞住 [Middle English: partly from STOP + -LE1, partly from ESTOPPEL]

stop press n. Brit. [英]  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  late news inserted in a newspaper after printing has begun (报纸付印时插入的)最新消息 2  a column in a newspaper reserved for this (报纸付印时留出的)最新消息栏

stop valve n.  a valve closing a pipe against the passage of liquid 断流阀，闭塞阀

stop-volley n. Tennis  a checked volley close to the net, dropping the ball dead on the other side 【网球】(使球刚过网就落地的)网前截击球

stopwatch /ˈstɒpwɒtʃ/ n.  a watch with a mechanism for recording elapsed time, used to time races etc. (赛跑等用的)秒表，跑表

storage /ˈstɔ:ridʒ/ n.  1  a  the storing of goods etc. (货物等的)储藏，贮存b  a particular method of storing or the space available for it 储藏法，贮存法；储藏库，库房 2  the cost of storing 保管费；仓租 3  the electronic retention of data in a computer etc. (计算机等中的)存储(器)

storage battery n. (also 亦作 storage cell)  a battery (or cell) for storing electricity 蓄电池

storage heater n. Brit.  an electric heater accumulating heat outside peak hours for later release [英]电蓄热器

storax /ˈstɔ:ræks/ n.  1  a  a fragrant resin, obtained from the tree Styrax officinalis and formerly used in perfume 安息香(从安息香树上提取的香树脂，原用作香水)b  this tree 安息香树 2 (in full 全称 Levant or liquid storax)  a balsam obtained from the tree Liquidambar orientalis 苏合香脂 [Latin from Greek, variant of STYRAX]

store /stɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a quantity of something kept available for use 储存；储备  a store of wine  存酒 a store of wit  丰富的才智 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  articles for a particular purpose accumulated for use 储存品；备用品  naval stores  海军军需品b  a supply of these or the place where they are kept 补给；补给品仓库 3  a  = DEPARTMENT STORE b esp. N. Amer.  any retail outlet or shop [尤北美]店铺c (in sing. 用单数 or Brit. pl. [英]用复数)  a shop selling basic necessities 百货商店  general stores  百货店 4 esp. Brit.  a warehouse for the temporary keeping of furniture etc. [尤英] (用于存放家具等的)临时仓库 5 Brit.  a device in a computer for storing retrievable data; a memory [英] (计算机中的)存储器，内存 ●v. tr.  1  put (furniture etc.) in store 把(家具等)存入仓库 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up, away)  accumulate (stores, energy, electricity, etc.) for future use 储备，储存(备用品、能量、电力等) 3  stock or provide with something useful 供应；提供  a mind stored with facts  博闻强记的头脑 4 (of a receptacle) have storage capacity for (容器)能容纳 5 Computing  enter or retain (data) for retrieval 【计算】存储(资料) □ in store   1  kept in readiness 储存着；准备着 2  coming in the future 即将到来 3 (foll. by 后跟 for)  destined or intended 注定的；预期的□ set (or lay or put) store by (or on)   consider important or valuable 重视；珍视□ storable  adj.  □ storer  n.   [Middle English from obsolete astore (n. & v.) via Old French estore, estorer from Latin instaurare ‘renew’: cf. RESTORE]

store card n.  a credit card issued by a store to its customers 商店信用卡

storefront /ˈstɔ:frʌnt/ n. esp. N. Amer.  1  the side of a shop facing the street [尤北美] (朝街的)店面，铺面 2  a room at the front of a shop 店堂(商店前部的房间)

storehouse /ˈstɔ:haʊs/ n.  a place where things are stored 仓库；货栈

storekeeper /ˈstɔ:ki:pə/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a storeman [尤英]仓库保管员 2 N. Amer.  a shopkeeper [北美]店主

storeman /ˈstɔ:mən/ n. (pl. -men) Brit.  a person responsible for stored goods [英]仓库保管员

storeroom /ˈstɔ:ru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which items are stored 储藏室，库房

storey /ˈstɔ:ri/ n. (US also [美]亦作 story) (pl. -eys or -ies)  1  any of the parts into which a building is divided horizontally; the whole of the rooms etc. having a continuous floor 楼层；层  a third-storey window  3 楼的一扇窗子 a house of five storeys  5 层的房子 2  a thing forming a horizontal division 层 □ -storeyed  (in comb. 用于复合词) (also 亦作 -storied)   [Middle English from Anglo-Latin historia HISTORY (perhaps originally meaning a tier of painted windows or sculpture)]

storiated /ˈstɔ:rieitid/ adj.  decorated with historical, legendary, or emblematic designs 用历史故事(或传说、象征)图案装饰的 □ storiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [shortening of HISTORIATED]

storied /ˈstɔ:rid/ adj. literary  celebrated in or associated with stories or legends [文学用语]历史故事(或传说)中有名的；与历史故事(或传说)有关的

stork /stɔ:k/ n.  1  any long-legged large wading bird of the family Ciconiidae, esp. Ciconia ciconia with white plumage, black wing-tips, a long reddish beak, and red feet, nesting esp. on tall buildings in Europe 鹳(一种长腿涉禽，白色羽毛，翅膀尖为黑色，喙长呈红色，红脚，尤爱在欧洲的一些高层建筑物上筑巢) 2  this bird as the pretended bringer of babies 送子鹳鸟 [Old English storc, probably related to STARK (from its rigid posture)]

stork's-bill n.  a plant of the genus Erodium, having beaked fruits 天竺葵(其果实像鸟嘴)

storm /stɔ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usu. with thunder and rain or snow etc. (通常伴有雷、雨、雪等的)风暴；暴(风)雨；暴(风)雪 2 Meteorol.  a wind of force 11 (and sometimes force 10) on the Beaufort scale (55 － 72 or 64 － 72 m.p.h.), between gale and hurricane 【气】风暴(指 11 级风(有时 10 级)，风速每小时 55 至 72 英里或 64 至 72 英里，介于狂风和飓风之间) 3  a violent disturbance of the established order in human affairs (人类社会生活中的)大动荡；风潮 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  a violent shower of missiles or blows (导弹的)猛烈发射；沉重的打击b  an outbreak of applause, indignation, hisses, etc. 猛然爆发的掌声(或愤慨、嘘声等)  they were greeted by a storm of abuse  他们遭到劈头盖脸的痛骂 5  a  a direct assault by troops on a fortified place 猛攻；突袭b  the capture of a place by such an assault 攻占；攻克 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, away)  talk violently, rage, bluster 怒骂；暴怒；怒吼 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in, out of, etc.)  move violently or angrily 横冲直撞；怒闯  stormed out of the meeting  怒气冲冲离开会场 3 tr.  attack or capture by storm 强攻；猛攻 4 intr. (of wind, rain, etc.) rage; be violent 刮大风；下暴雨 □ storm in a teacup  Brit.  great excitement over a trivial matter [英]小题大做□ take by storm   1  capture by direct assault 攻克；强夺 2  rapidly captivate (a person, audience, etc.) 迅速征服(某人、观众等)□ stormless  adj.  □ stormproof  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

storm-bird n.  = STORM PETREL 1 

stormbound /ˈstɔ:mbaʊnd/ adj.  prevented by storms from leaving port or continuing a voyage 为暴风雨所阻的；因暴风雨而被困的

storm centre n.  1  the point to which the wind blows spirally inward in a cyclonic storm 风暴中心 2  a subject etc. upon which agitation or disturbance is concentrated 骚乱(或争论、麻烦等)的中心

storm cloud n.  1  a heavy rain cloud 暴风云，雷雨云 2  a threatening state of affairs (动乱或动荡等的)局势  storm clouds were gathering over Europe  欧洲局势乌云密布

storm-cock n.  a mistle thrush 檞鸫

storm-collar n.  a high coat-collar that can be turned up and fastened (可以翻起并扣住的)防风立领

storm cone n. Brit.  a tarred-canvas cone hoisted as a warning of high wind, upright for the north and inverted for the south [英] (用作风暴警报的帆布制锥形的)风暴信标

storm-door n.  an additional outer door for protection in bad weather or winter (恶劣天气或冬季用的)外重门

storm-finch n. Brit. [英]  = STORM PETREL 1 

storm-glass n.  a sealed tube containing a solution of which the clarity is thought to change when storms approach 风暴预测管

storming /ˈstɔ:miŋ/ adj.  1  that storms 刮风暴的；暴怒的 2 esp. Sport slang  displaying outstanding vigour, speed, or skill (尤)【运动】[俚语]精力充沛的；快速的；技艺高超的

storming-party n.  a detachment of troops ordered to begin an assault 强攻队，突袭队

storm lantern n. Brit.  a hurricane lamp [英]防风灯；风暴灯

storm petrel n.  1  a small petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus, of the North Atlantic, with black and white plumage 海燕(一种黑白羽毛的小海燕) 2  a person causing unrest 肇事者，惹麻烦的人

storm-sail n.  a sail of smaller size and stouter canvas than the corresponding one used in ordinary weather (比在一般天气中使用的帆小但更坚固的)风暴用帆

storm-signal n.  a device warning of an approaching storm 风暴信号

storm troops n. pl.  1  = SHOCK TROOPS  2 hist.  the Nazi political militia [史义] (纳粹德国的)冲锋队 □ storm trooper  n.  

storm window n.  an additional outer sash window for protection in bad weather or winter (恶劣天气中或冬季用的)外层窗

stormy /ˈstɔ:mi/ adj. (stormier, stormiest)  1  of or affected by storms 有暴风雨的；多风暴的 2 (of a wind etc.) violent, raging, vehement (风等)猛烈的，狂暴的 3  full of angry feeling or outbursts; lively, boisterous 暴怒的，暴躁的；活跃的，喧闹的  a stormy meeting  激烈争吵的会议 □ stormily  adv.  □ storminess  n.  

stormy petrel n.  = STORM PETREL 

story1 /ˈstɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an account of imaginary or past events; a narrative, tale, or anecdote (虚构的或对所发生的事情的)叙述；故事，轶事 2  the past course of the life of a person or institution etc. (人或组织机构等的)经历；历程  my story is a strange one  我一生经历奇特 3  = STORYLINE  4  facts or experiences that deserve narration (值得讲述的)经历，素材 5 colloq.  a fib or lie [口]谎话；假话 6  a narrative or descriptive item of news 新闻报道 □ the old (or same old) story   the familiar or predictable course of events 老一套，已不新鲜的事□ the story goes   it is said 据说；据传□ to cut (or make) a long story short   a formula excusing the omission of details 长话短说，简而言之 [Middle English storie via Anglo-French estorie (Old French estoire) from Latin historia (as HISTORY)]

story2 US var.  of STOREY [美] STOREY 的变体

storyboard /ˈstɔ:ribɔ:d/ n.  a displayed sequence of pictures etc. outlining the plan of a film, television advertisement, etc. (电影、电视广告等的)情节串联图板

story book n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  a book of stories for children (供儿童阅读的)故事书 2 (作 attrib.)  unreal, romantic 虚构的；传奇式的  a story-book ending  传奇式的结局

storyline /ˈstɔ:rilain/ n.  the narrative or plot of a novel or play etc. (小说或戏剧等的)故事情节

storyteller /ˈstɔ:ritelə/ n.  1  a person who tells stories 讲故事的人，说书的人 2 colloq.  a liar [口]说谎的人 □ storytelling  n. & adj.  

stoup /stu:p/ n. (also 亦作 stoop)  1  a holy-water basin 圣水钵 2 archaic  a flagon, beaker, or drinking vessel [古义]大肚壶；大口杯；饮水杯 [Middle English from Old Norse staup (= Old English stēap) from Germanic: related to STEEP2]

stoush /staʊʃ/ v. & n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语] ●v. tr.  1  hit; fight with 打；打架 2  attack verbally 骂；吵架 ●n.  a fight; a beating 打架；殴打 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

stout /staʊt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  rather fat; corpulent; bulky 肥胖的；粗壮的 2  of considerable thickness or strength 粗厚的；强壮的  a stout stick  粗棍子 3  brave, resolute, vigorous 勇敢的；坚决的；顽强的  a stout fellow  勇猛的人 put up stout resistance  顽强反抗 ●n.  a strong dark beer brewed with roasted malt or barley (加有烤过的麦芽或大麦的)浓烈黑啤酒 □ stoutish  adj.  □ stoutly  adv.  □ stoutness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French dialect stout from West Germanic: perhaps related to STILT]

stout heart n.  courage, resolve 勇气；决心

stout-hearted adj.  courageous 勇敢的 □ stout-heartedly  adv.  □ stout-heartedness  n.  

stove1 /stəʊv/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a closed apparatus burning fuel or electricity for heating or cooking (取暖或烹饪用的)炉，炉子 2 Brit.  a hothouse [英]温室 ●v. tr. Brit.  force or raise (plants) in a hothouse [英]在温室内培育(植物) [Middle English = sweating-room, via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German stove, Old High German stuba from Germanic: perhaps related to STEW1]

stove2 past and past part.  of STAVE v. 

stove-enamel n. & v. Brit. [英] ●n.  a heatproof enamel produced by the treatment of enamelled objects in a stove (在炉中经过热处理的)耐热搪瓷制品 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 stove-enamelled adj.)  treat by this process 热处理(搪瓷制品)

stove-pipe n.  a pipe conducting smoke and gases from a stove to a chimney (火炉的)烟囱管

stove-pipe hat n. colloq.  a tall silk hat [口]高筒大礼帽

stow /stəʊ/ v. tr.  1  pack (goods etc.) tidily and compactly 堆垛(货物等) 2 Naut.  place (a cargo or provisions) in its proper place and order 【海】装载(货物或供应品) 3  fill (a receptacle) with articles compactly arranged (往容器中)装填 4 (usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句中) slang  abstain or cease from [俚语]停止；中止  stow the noise!  别闹了！ □ stow away   1  place (a thing) where it will not cause an obstruction 收起，收好(某物) 2  be a stowaway on a ship etc. 无票偷乘(轮船等) [Middle English, from BESTOW: in nautical use perhaps influenced by Dutch stouwen]

stowage /ˈstəʊidʒ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of stowing 堆垛；装载；装填 2  a place for this 货物装载处；储存处

stowaway /ˈstəʊəwei/ n.  a person who hides on board a ship or aircraft etc. to get free passage (轮船或飞机等的)无票偷乘者，逃票乘客

STP abbr. [缩略]  1  Professor of Sacred Theology 天启神学教授 2  standard temperature and pressure 标准温度与压力

str. abbr. [缩略]  1  strait  2  stroke (of an oar) 

strabismus /strəˈbizməs/ n. Med.  the abnormal condition of one or both eyes not correctly aligned in direction; a squint 【医】斜视；斜眼 □ strabismal  adj.  □ strabismic  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek strabismos, via strabizō ‘squint’ from strabos ‘squinting’]

Strad /stræd/ n. colloq.  a Stradivarius [口] (意大利提琴制造家)斯特拉迪瓦里(或其家族)制造的小提琴(或其他弦乐器) [abbreviation]

straddle /ˈstræd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  sit or stand across (a thing) with the legs wide apart 骑；分开腿站立b  be situated across or on both sides of 跨越  the town straddles the border  这座城市横跨边界 2 intr.  a  sit or stand in this way 叉腿坐(或站)b (of the legs) be wide apart (双腿)叉开 3 tr.  part (one's legs) widely 叉开(双腿) 4 tr.  drop shots or bombs short of and beyond (a target) (射击或炮弹)落在(目标)之外，偏离(目标) 5 tr.  vacillate between two policies etc. regarding (an issue) 对…持观望态度；对…持骑墙态度 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of straddling 叉腿；骑；跨 2 Stock Exch.  an option giving the holder the right of either calling for or delivering stock at a fixed price 【股】股票买卖选择权 □ straddler  n.   [alteration of striddle, back-formation from striddlings ‘astride’ (as STRIDE, -LING2)]

Stradivarius /strædiˈvɛəriəs/ n.  a violin or other stringed instrument made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona (d. 1737) or his followers (意大利提琴制造家)斯特拉迪瓦里(或其家族)制造的小提琴(或其他弦乐器) [Latinized from Stradivari]

strafe /strɑ:f, streif/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  bombard; harass with gunfire, esp. from aircraft 炮轰；(尤指从飞机上)轰击 2  reprimand 申斥 3  abuse 辱骂 4  thrash 痛打 ●n.  an act of strafing 炮轰；轰击 [jocular adaptation of German catchword (1914) Gott strafe England ‘may God punish England’]

straggle /ˈstræɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  lack or lose compactness or tidiness 散乱；松散 2  be or become dispersed or sporadic 四散；散落 3  trail behind others in a march or race etc. (行进或赛跑等中)落后；掉队 4 (of a plant, beard, etc.) grow long and loose (植物等)蔓延，蔓生；(胡须等)蓬乱生长 ●n.  a body or group of straggling or scattered persons or things 散乱(或零散)的一群人(或物) □ straggler  n.  □ straggly  adj. (stragglier, straggliest)   [Middle English, perhaps from dialect strake ‘go’, related to STRETCH]

straight /streit/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  extending uniformly in the same direction; without a curve or bend etc. 直的，笔直的b Geom. (of a line) lying on the shortest path between any two of its points 【几】(线)直的 2  successive, uninterrupted 连续的；不间断的  three straight wins  连赢 3 次 3  in proper order or place or condition; duly arranged; level, symmetrical 整齐的；井井有条的；均匀的；均衡的  is the picture straight?  这幅画摆正了吗？ put things straight  把东西摆整齐 4  honest, candid; not evasive 诚实的；坦率的；直截了当的  a straight answer  直截了当的回答 5 (of thinking etc.) logical, unemotional (思维等)有条理的；冷静的 6 (of drama etc.) serious as opposed to popular or comic; employing the conventional techniques of its art form (戏剧等)严肃的；传统的 7  a  unmodified 不加修饰的b (of a drink) undiluted (饮料)未搀水的，未稀释的 8 colloq. [口]  a (of a person etc.) conventional or respectable (人等)正统的；受尊敬的b  heterosexual 异性恋的 9 (of an arch) flat-topped (拱形物)平顶的 10 (of a person's back) not bowed (人的背)不弯的，不驼背的 11 (of the hair) not curly or wavy (头发)直的，不卷曲的 12 (of a knee) not bent (膝)不弯曲的 13 (of the legs) not bandy or knock-kneed (双腿)不罗圈的；不向外弯曲的 14 (of a garment) not flared (衣服)不向外展开的 15  coming direct from its source 直接源于…的 16 (of an aim, look, blow, or course) going direct to the mark (瞄准、目光、打击或路线)直奔目标的 ●n.  1  the straight part of something, esp. the concluding stretch of a racecourse 直线部分(尤指跑道直道) 2  a straight condition 实情，实况 3  a sequence of five cards in poker 同花顺牌 (5 张大小相连的同花色牌) 4 colloq. [口]  a  a conventional person 正统的人b  a heterosexual 异性恋者 ●adv.  1  in a straight line; direct; without deviation or hesitation or circumlocution 沿直线地；直接地；径直地  came straight from Paris  直接从巴黎来 I told them straight  我坦率地告诉他们 2  in the right direction, with a good aim 方向准确地；瞄准目标地  shoot straight  瞄准射击 3  correctly 正确地  can't see straight  看不准 4 archaic  at once or immediately [古义]立即；马上 □ go straight   live an honest life after being a criminal 改邪归正□ the straight and narrow   morally correct behaviour 正确的行为；正路□ straight away   at once; immediately 立刻；马上□ straight from the shoulder   1 (of a blow) well delivered (打击)正中目标的 2 (of a verbal attack) frank or direct (批评等)直截了当的；直言不讳的□ straight off (or out)  colloq.  without hesitation, deliberation, etc. [口]坦率地，直截了当地  cannot tell you straight off  不能对你直说□ straight up  colloq.  1  truthfully, honestly [口]诚实地；真诚地 2 esp. N. Amer.  unmixed, undiluted [尤北美]纯正地；未稀释的□ straightish  adj.  □ straightly  adv.  □ straightness  n.   [Middle English, past part. of STRETCH]

straight angle n.  an angle of 180° 平角 (180 度的角)

straightaway /streitəˈwei/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  =straight away  ●adj. esp. US (of a course etc.) straight, direct [尤美] (路线等)直的，径直的 ●n. esp. N. Amer.  a straight course or section [尤北美]直道；直线部分

straight-bred adj.  not cross-bred (动物)纯种的

straight chain n. Chem.  a chain of atoms, esp. carbon atoms, that is neither branched nor formed into a ring 【化】原子(尤指碳原子)的直链 often, with hyphen, attrib. 常加连字符作定语 : straight-chain hydrocarbon  直链烃

straight-cut adj. (of tobacco) cut lengthwise into long silky fibres (烟叶)纵切的

straight-edge n.  a bar with one edge accurately straight, used for testing (测试用的)直尺；标尺；校正尺

straight-eight n.  1  an internal-combustion engine with eight cylinders in line 八汽缸直排式发动机 2  a vehicle having this 八汽缸直排式汽车，直八式汽车

straighten /ˈstreit(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make or become straight 使笔直；变直 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  stand erect after bending 变直；直立；挺直 □ straightener  n.  

straight eye n.  the ability to detect deviation from the straight (辨别偏正的)识正眼力

straight face n.  an intentionally expressionless face, esp. avoiding a smile though amused 没有表情的脸；(尤指)板住笑容的脸 □ straight-faced  adj.  

straight fight n. Brit.  a simple contest between two opponents, esp. in an election [英] (尤指选举中)一对一的竞争

straight flush n. Cards  a flush that is a numerical sequence 【牌戏】同花顺子

straightforward /streitˈfɔ:wəd/ adj.  1  honest or frank 坦诚的，坦率的 2 esp. Brit. (of a task etc.) uncomplicated [尤英] (任务等)简单的 □ straightforwardly  adv.  □ straightforwardness  n.  

straightjacket var.  of STRAITJACKET  STRAITJACKET 的变体

straight-laced var.  of STRAIT-LACED  STRAIT-LACED 的变体

straight man n.  a comedian's stooge (喜剧演员的)搭档，配角

straight-out adj. esp. US [尤美]  1  uncompromising 不妥协的，强硬的 2  straightforward, genuine 坦诚的，坦率的

straight razor n. US  a cut-throat razor [美]折叠式剃刀

straight-up adj. colloq. [口]  1  true; trustworthy 真实的，可靠的 2 esp. N. Amer.  unmixed, undiluted, unmodified See also 另见 straight up [尤北美]纯正的；未稀释的；未修改的

straightway /ˈstreitwei/ adv. archaic [古义]  = straight away 

strain1 /strein/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  stretch tightly; make or become taut or tense 拉紧；绷紧；扯紧 2 tr.  exercise (oneself, one's senses, a thing, etc.) intensely or excessively, press to extremes 尽力使用；过度使用；使紧张；使过劳 3  a intr.  make an intensive effort 努力；奋力b intr. (foll. by 后跟 after)  strive intensely for 力争；力求  straining after perfection  力求完美 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  tug, pull 用力拉；用力拖  the dog strained at the leash  那条狗猛拽拴它的链条 5 intr.  hold out with difficulty under pressure 受重压  straining under the load  在重负下硬撑着 6 tr.  a  distort from the true intention or meaning 曲解；歪曲(真实的意图或意思)b  apply (authority, laws, etc.) beyond their province or in violation of their true intention 滥用(权力、法律等) 7 tr.  overtask or injure by overuse or excessive demands (因使用过度或强求而)使损伤；使损坏  strain a muscle  使肌肉劳损 strained their loyalty  挫伤了他们的忠诚 8  a tr.  clear (a liquid) of solid matter by passing it through a sieve etc. 过滤b tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  filter (solids) out from a liquid 滤出(液体中的固体物)c intr. (of a liquid) percolate (液体)滤过，渗出 9 tr.  hug or squeeze tightly 紧抱；挤压 10 tr.  use (one's ears, eyes, voice, etc.) to the best of one's power 尽力使用(眼、耳、声音等) ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of straining 拉紧；绷紧；扯紧b  the force exerted in this 拉力 2  an injury caused by straining a muscle etc. (肌肉等的)劳损；损伤 3  a  a severe demand on physical strength or resources (对体力或资源的)严格要求；苛求b  the exertion needed to meet this 努力；奋力  is suffering from strain  正在拼尽全力 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a snatch or spell of music or poetry (乐章或诗的)节，段 5  a tone or tendency in speech or writing 语气；笔调  more in the same strain  大致以同样的笔调 6 Physics 【物理学】  a  the condition of a body subjected to stress; molecular displacement 受到张力；分子转移b  a quantity measuring this, equal to the amount of deformation usu. divided by the original dimension (由压力引起的)变形 □ at strain (or full strain)   exerted to the utmost 全力以赴；竭尽全力□ strain every nerve   make every possible effort 倾尽全力；竭力□ strain oneself   1  injure oneself by effort 劳损 2  make undue efforts 过于努力□ strainable  adj.   [Middle English via Old French estreindre estreign- from Latin stringere strict- ‘draw tight’]

strain2 /strein/ n.  1  a breed or stock of animals, plants, etc. (动物、植物等的)品种，种类 2  a moral tendency as part of a person's character (人的)气质；性情  a strain of aggression  咄咄逼人的性情 [Old English strīon from Germanic: related to Latin struere ‘build’]

strained /streind/ adj.  1  constrained, forced, artificial 勉强的；不自然的；做作的 2 (of a relationship) mutually distrustful or tense 互不信任的，(关系)紧张的 3 (of an interpretation) involving an unreasonable assumption; far-fetched, laboured (解释)牵强的

strainer /ˈstreinə/ n.  a device for straining liquids, vegetables, etc. (用于过滤液体、蔬菜等的)滤器

strain gauge n. Engin.  a device for indicating the strain of a material or structure at the point of attachment 【工程】应变仪；变形测量器

strait /streit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or large bodies of water 海峡 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  difficulty, trouble, or distress 困境；窘境；险境  usu. 通常用于 in dire  or desperate straits  陷入困境 ●adj. archaic [古义]  1  narrow, limited; confined or confining 狭窄的；有限的；受限制的 2  strict or rigorous 严格的；严密的 □ straitly  adv.  □ straitness  n.   [Middle English streit via Old French estreit ‘tight, narrow’ from Latin strictus STRICT]

straiten /ˈstreit(ə)n/ v.  1 tr.  restrict in range or scope 限制 2 tr. (as 作 straitened adj.) (esp. of circumstances) characterized by poverty (尤指境况)窘迫；困苦 3 tr. & intr. archaic  make or become narrow [古义]使狭窄；变窄

straitjacket /ˈstreitdʒækit/ n. & v. (also 亦作 straightjacket) ●n.  1  a strong garment with long sleeves for confining the arms of a violent prisoner, mental patient, etc. (束缚狂暴的犯人或精神病患者的双臂用的)约束衣 2  restrictive measures 约束性措施 ●v. tr. (-jacketed, -jacketing)  1  restrain with a straitjacket 用约束衣束缚 2  severely restrict 严格限制

strait-laced adj. (also 亦作 straight-laced)  severely virtuous; morally scrupulous; puritanical 极严谨的；古板的；拘谨的

strake /streik/ n.  1  a continuous line of planking or plates from the stem to the stern of a ship (轮船的)列板 2  a section of the iron rim of a wheel (轮子的)轮箍 [Middle English from Anglo-Latin stracus, stracca: probably related to Old English streccan STRETCH]

stramonium /strəˈməʊniəm/ n.  1  datura 曼陀罗 2  the dried leaves of this plant used in the treatment of asthma (用于治气喘病的)曼陀罗干叶 [modern Latin, perhaps from Tartar turman ‘horse-medicine’]

strand1 /strænd/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  run aground 搁浅 2 tr. (as 作 stranded adj.)  in difficulties, esp. without money or means of transport 处于困境(尤指无资金或交通工具) ●n. esp. poet.  the margin of a sea, lake, or river, esp. the foreshore [尤诗]海滩；河岸；湖滨 [Old English]

strand2 /strænd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the threads or wires twisted round each other to make a rope or cable (绳或金属丝的)股；缕；绞 2  a  a single thread or strip of fibre (线或纤维的)一缕b  a constituent filament 细丝；细线 3  a lock of hair 一缕头发 4  an element or strain in any composite whole (构成整体的)成分，部分 ●v. tr.  1  break a strand in (a rope) 弄断(绳子的)一股 2  arrange in strands 搓，绞(绳索等) [Middle English: origin unknown]

strange /strein(d)ʒ/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  unusual, peculiar, surprising, eccentric, novel 不寻常的；奇特的；奇怪的；古怪的；新奇的 2  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  unfamiliar, alien, foreign 陌生的；异乡的；外国的  lost in a strange land  在异地迷路了 surrounded by strange faces  处于陌生人中 a taste strange to him  他不熟悉的味道b  not one's own 异已的  strange gods  异教神灵 3 (foll. by 后跟 to) (of a person) unaccustomed to; unfamiliar with (人)不习惯的；不熟悉的 4  not at ease; out of one's element 不自在的；局促不安的  not having been invited, I felt strange  没有受到邀请，我心里很不自在 ●adv. colloq.  in a strange manner; strangely [口]陌生地；奇怪地；古怪地 □ feel strange   be unwell 感到不适□ strange to say   it is surprising or unusual (that) 令人惊奇的是；令人奇怪的是□ strangely  adv.   [Middle English via Old French estrange from Latin extraneus EXTRANEOUS]

strange attractor n. Math.  an equation or fractal set representing a complex pattern of behaviour in a chaotic system 【数】奇异吸式

strangeness /ˈstrein(d)ʒnis/ n.  1  the state or fact of being strange or unfamiliar etc. 奇怪；古怪；陌生；生疏 2 Physics  a property of certain quarks that is conserved in strong interactions 【物理学】奇异性

strange particle n. Physics  a subatomic particle classified as having a non-zero value for strangeness 【物理学】奇异粒子

stranger /ˈstrein(d)ʒə/ n.  1  a person who does not know or is not known in a particular place or company 外来者；新来者 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person one does not know 陌生人  was a complete stranger to me  与我素不相识 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a person entirely unaccustomed to (a feeling, experience, etc.) (对某种感情、经历等)不习惯的人；生手；外行  no stranger to controversy  习惯于进行争论 4 Parl.  a person who is not a member or official of the House of Commons [议] (英国下议院的)旁听者 [Middle English from Old French estrangier, ultimately from Latin (as STRANGE)]

strangle /ˈstræŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  squeeze the windpipe or neck of, esp. so as to kill (尤指意欲致死地)扼住(气管或脖子) 2  hamper or suppress (a movement, impulse, cry, etc.) 抑制，压制(活动、冲动、喊叫等) □ strangler  n.   [Middle English via Old French estrangler and Latin strangulare from Greek straggalaō, from straggalē ‘halter’: cf. straggos ‘twisted’]

stranglehold /ˈstræŋɡ(ə)lhəʊld/ n.  1  a wrestling hold that throttles an opponent (摔跤中的)勒颈 2  a deadly grip (致命的)紧扼 3  complete and exclusive control 遏制；箝制

strangles /ˈstræŋɡ(ə)lz/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  an infectious streptococcal fever, esp. affecting the respiratory tract, in a horse, ass, etc. (马、驴等的)传染性链状球菌热(尤指)腺疫 [pl. of strangle (n.) from STRANGLE]

strangulate /ˈstræŋɡjʊleit/ v. tr.  1 Med.  prevent circulation through (a vein, intestine, etc.) by compression 【医】绞窄(静脉、肠等) 2 Med.  remove (a tumour etc.) by binding with a cord 【医】束扎摘除(肿瘤等) 3 (as 作 strangulated adj.) (of a voice) sounding as though the speaker's throat is constricted (声音)受到抑制的 [Latin strangulare strangulat- (as STRANGLE)]

strangulated hernia n. Med.  a hernia in which the protruding part is constricted, preventing circulation 【医】绞窄性疝

strangulation /stræŋɡjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of strangling or the state of being strangled 紧扼，紧勒，扼住，勒住 2  the act of strangulating 绞窄 [Latin strangulatio (as STRANGULATE)]

strangury /ˈstræŋɡjʊri/ n.  a condition in which urine is passed painfully and in drops 痛性尿淋沥 □ strangurious  /-ˈɡjʊəriəs/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin stranguria from Greek straggouria, from stragx -ggos ‘drop squeezed out’ + ouron ‘urine’]

strap /stræp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip of leather or other flexible material, often with a buckle or other fastening for holding things together etc. (通常带有扣绊或其他可捆扎东西的栓扣等的)带；皮带(或布带等) 2  a thing like this for keeping a garment in place 衣服束带 3  a loop for grasping to steady oneself in a moving vehicle (汽车上保持身体平稳用的)拉手吊带；拉手吊环 4  a  a strip of metal used to secure or connect (用于确保牢靠或连接的)铁条；铁带b  a leaf of a hinge 铰链 5 Bot.  a tongue-shaped part in a floret 【植】(小花的)叶舌 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  punishment by beating with a strap 鞭打，抽打 ●v. tr. (strapped, strapping)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 down, up, etc.)  secure or bind with a strap 用带扣牢；束牢 2  beat with a strap 鞭打，抽打 3 (esp. as 尤作 strapped adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) colloq.  subject to a shortage [口]缺乏，不足  strapped for cash  现金不足 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Brit.  close (a wound) or bind (a part) with adhesive plaster [英]用绷带包扎或用膏药贴住(伤口)；用胶布捆扎(某个部位) □ strappy  adj.   [dialect form of STROP]

straphanger /ˈstræphæŋɡə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a standing passenger in a bus or train (公共汽车或火车上)站立的乘客 2  a person who commutes to work by public transport 乘公共交通工具上下班的人 □ strap-hang  v. intr.  

strapless /ˈstræplis/ adj. (of a garment) without straps, esp. shoulder straps (衣服)无带的；(尤指)无吊带的，无背带的

strappado /stræˈpɑ:dəʊ, -eidəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) hist.  a form of torture in which the victim is secured to a rope and made to fall from a height almost to the ground then stopped with a jerk; an application of this; the instrument used [史义]吊坠刑(旧时将犯人用绳缚住吊起然后骤然使其坠下的刑法)；吊坠刑具 [French (e)strapade from Italian strappata, from strappare ‘snatch’]

strapper /ˈstræpə/ n. esp. Austral.  a person who grooms racehorses [尤澳]赛马马夫

strapping /ˈstræpiŋ/ adj. (esp. of a young person) large and sturdy (尤指年轻人)魁梧的

strap-work n.  ornamentation imitating plaited straps 带箍线条饰

strata pl.  of STRATUM  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at STRATUM. 见 STRATUM 的用法说明。 

stratagem /ˈstrætədʒəm/ n.  1  a cunning plan or scheme, esp. for deceiving an enemy (尤指为欺骗敌人而制定的)策略；计策；计谋 2  trickery 欺骗；奸诈 [Middle English via French stratagème and Latin stratagema from Greek stratēgēma, via stratēgeō ‘be a general’ (stratēgos) from stratos ‘army’ + agō ‘to lead’]

stratal  see 见 STRATUM 

strategic /strəˈti:dʒik/ adj.  1  of or serving the ends of strategy; useful or important with regard to strategy 战略的；具有战略意义的  strategic considerations  战略上的考虑 stragetic move  战略行动 2 (of materials) essential in fighting a war (物资)战争中必需的 3 (of bombing or weapons) done or for use against an enemy's home territory as a longer-term military objective (opp. 反义 TACTICAL 2) (轰炸或武器)战略性的，服务于长期军事目标的 □ strategical  adj.  □ strategically  adv.  □ strategics  n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)   [French stratégique from Greek stratēgikos (as STRATAGEM)]

strategic defence initiative n.  a projected US system of defence against nuclear weapons, using satellites armed with lasers 战略防御系统(美国用于防御核武器的一个系统，使用装有激光器的卫星)

strategy /ˈstrætidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the art of war 战略；战略学 2  a  the management of an army or armies in a campaign (军队的)战略部署b  the art of moving troops, ships, aircraft, etc. into favourable positions (cf. 参见 TACTICS 1) (部队、战舰、飞机等的)战略部署方法c  an instance of this or a plan formed according to it 战略方针；作战方针 3  a plan of action or policy in business or politics etc. (商业、政治等的)策略；计策；行动计划  economic strategy  经济策略 □ strategist  n.   [French stratégie from Greek stratēgia ‘generalship’, from stratēgos: see STRATAGEM]

strath /stræθ/ n. Sc.  a broad mountain valley [苏格兰]宽谷；平底(山)谷 [Gaelic srath]

strathspey /stræθˈspei/ n.  1  a slow Scottish dance (苏格兰的)斯特拉斯贝舞 2  the music for this 斯特拉斯贝舞曲 [Strathspey, valley of the river Spey]

straticulate /strəˈtikjʊlət/ adj. Geol. (of rock formations) arranged in thin strata 【地质】(岩层)薄层的 [STRATUM, on the pattern of vermiculate etc.]

stratify /ˈstrætifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1 (esp. as 尤作 stratified adj.)  arrange, deposit, or form, in strata 使成层；使分层 2  a  construct or devise in layers 分层构建；分层设计  the author stratifies the plot  作者把故事情节分成几个层次b  arrange in a hierarchical way 按层次(或等级)安排 □ stratification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French stratifier (as STRATUM)]

stratigraphy /strəˈtiɡrəfi/ n. Geol. & Archaeol. 【地质】【考古】  1  the order and relative position of strata 地层情况 2  the study of this as a means of historical interpretation 地层学 □ stratigrapher  n.  □ stratigraphic  /strætiˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ stratigraphical  /strætiˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.   [STRATUM + -GRAPHY]

strato- /ˈstrætəʊ/ comb. form  denoting cloud formed in horizontal sheets or layers [构词成分]表示“(云)层”

stratocirrus /strætəʊˈsirəs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud resembling cirrostratus but more compact 【气】层卷云

stratocracy /strəˈtɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a military government 军人政府 2  domination by soldiers 军人统治 [Greek stratos ‘army’ + -CRACY]

stratocumulus /strætəʊˈkju:mjʊləs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed as a low layer of clumped or broken grey masses 【气】层积云

stratopause /ˈstrætə(ʊ)pɔ:z/ n.  the interface between the stratosphere and the ionosphere 平流层顶

stratosphere /ˈstrætəsfiə/ n.  a layer of atmospheric air above the troposphere extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface, in which the lower part changes little in temperature and the upper part increases in temperature with height (cf. 参见 IONOSPHERE) (离地球表面大约 50 公里高的)平流层 □ stratospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.   [STRATUM + SPHERE, on the pattern of atmosphere]

stratum /ˈstrɑ:təm, ˈstreitəm/ n. (pl. strata /-tə/)  1 esp. Geol.  a layer or set of successive layers of any deposited substance (尤)【地质】地层 2  an atmospheric layer 大气层 3  a layer of tissue etc. (组织等的)层 4  a  a social grade, class, etc. 社会阶层  the various strata of society  社会的不同阶层b Statistics  each of the groups into which a population is divided in stratified sampling 【统计学】(在进行人口统计分层取样时的一个)分类 □ stratal  adj.   [Latin, = something spread or laid down, neut. past part. of sternere ‘strew’]■Usage 用法说明 It is incorrect (though a common error) to use strata, the plural form, for the singular stratum, i.e. it is correct to say This stratum (not strata) of society has always exercised power. 把表示复数的 strata 当作单数 stratum 来用是不正确的，虽然这个错误非常普遍，即正确的说法是 This stratum (而非 strata) of society has always exercised power (这个社会阶层总是行使权力)。 

stratus /ˈstrɑ:təs, ˈstreitəs/ n. Meteorol.  cloud formed as a continuous horizontal grey sheet, often with rain or snow 【气】(通常伴有雨或雪的)层云 [Latin, past part. of sternere: see STRATUM]

straw /strɔ:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  dry cut stalks of grain for use as fodder or as material for thatching, packing, making hats, etc. (用于铺茅屋屋顶、捆扎、编草帽等的)禾杆；稻草；麦秸 2  a single stalk or piece of straw (单根的)麦秸，禾杆 3  a thin hollow paper or plastic tube for sucking drink from a glass etc. (喝饮料用的)吸管 4  an insignificant thing 无足轻重的事  not worth a straw  毫无价值 5  the pale yellow colour of straw 稻草(或麦杆)色；浅黄色 6  a straw hat 草帽 ●adj.  1  made of straw 用稻草(或麦杆)编制的 2  pale yellow 浅黄色的 □ catch (or clutch or grasp) at a straw (or straws)   resort in desperation to an utterly inadequate expedient 捞救命稻草；做最后挣扎□ draw the short straw   be chosen by lot, esp. for some disagreeable task (尤指面对不合意的任务时)抽签决定□ strawy  adj.   [Old English strēaw from Germanic: related to STREW]

strawberry /ˈstrɔ:b(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  any plant of the genus Fragaria, esp. any of various cultivated varieties, with white flowers, trifoliate leaves, and runners 草莓植物(尤指人工栽种的草莓品种，开白花)b  the pulpy red edible fruit of this, having a seed-studded surface 草莓(这种植物的果实，红色，肉厚，其表面布满籽) 2  a deep pinkish-red colour 草莓色；紫红色 ●adj.  of a deep pinkish-red colour 草莓红的；紫红的 [Old English strēa(w)berige, strēowberige (as STRAW, BERRY) : reason for the name unknown]

strawberry blonde n. & adj. ●n.  1  pinkish-blonde hair 略带粉红的金发 2  a woman with such hair 粉红金发女子 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of a pinkish-blonde colour 粉红金色的

strawberry mark n.  a soft reddish birthmark 莓状红痣

strawberry pear n.  1  a W. Indian cactus, Hylocereus undatus 量天尺(一种产于西印度的仙人掌) 2  the fruit of this 量天尺果实

strawberry roan adj. & n. ●adj. (of an animal's coat) chestnut mixed with white or grey (动物的皮毛)栗白色的；栗灰色的 ●n.  a strawberry roan animal 栗白色(或栗灰色)动物

strawberry tree n.  an arbutus, Arbutus unedo, bearing strawberry-like fruit 野草莓树

strawboard /ˈstrɔ:bɔ:d/ n.  a type of building board made of straw pulp faced with paper 黄纸板；硬纸板

straw boss n. US  an assistant foreman [美]助理工头

straw colour n.  a pale yellow 麦杆色；浅黄色 □ straw-coloured  adj.  

straw in the wind n.  a slight hint of future developments (预示某事即将发生的)迹象，预兆，苗头

straw vote n. (also 亦作 straw poll)  an unofficial ballot as a test of opinion (作为民意调查的)非正式投票

straw-worm n.  a caddis-worm 石蚕

stray /strei/ v., n. & adj. ●v. intr.  1  wander from the right place; become separated from one's companions etc.; go astray 走离；走失；离群 2  deviate morally 入歧途；犯错误 3 (as 作 strayed adj.)  that has gone astray 走失的；迷失的 ●n.  1  a person or thing that has strayed, esp. a domestic animal 走失者，离群者；走失的东西(尤指家畜) 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  electrical phenomena interfering with radio reception 天电干扰 ●adj.  1  strayed or lost 走失的；离群的 2  isolated; found or occurring occasionally 孤立的；零散的  a stray customer or two  顾客寥寥 hit by a stray bullet  被流弹击中 3 Physics  wasted or unwanted 【物理学】杂散的  eliminate stray magnetic fields  去除杂散磁场 □ strayer  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French estrayer (v.) and Anglo-French strey (n. & adj.) from Old French estraié (as ASTRAY)]

streak /stri:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long thin usu. irregular line or band, esp. distinguished by colour (通常不规则、尤指颜色与周围不同的)条纹，条痕  black with red streaks  黑底红条纹的 a streak of light above the horizon  地平线上的一道亮光 2  a strain or element in a person's character 个性特征  has a streak of mischief  有些顽皮 3  a spell or series 一阵；一系列  a winning streak  连续取胜 4  a line of bacteria etc. placed on a culture medium (放在培养基上的)一列细菌(或病菌等)，种菌划线 ●v.  1 tr.  mark with streaks 在…上加条纹 2 intr.  move very rapidly 飞跑；疾驰 3 intr. colloq.  run naked in a public place as a stunt [口] (在公共场所)裸体奔跑 □ streaker  n.  □ streaking  n.   [Old English strica ‘pen-stroke’ from Germanic: related to STRIKE]

streak of lightning n.  a sudden prominent flash of lightning 一道闪电

streaky /ˈstri:ki/ adj. (streakier, streakiest)  1  full of streaks 布满条纹的 2 Brit. (of bacon) with alternate streaks of fat and lean [英] (腌猪肉)肥瘦相间的 □ streakily  adv.  □ streakiness  n.  

stream /stri:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a flowing body of water, esp. a small river 河流，溪流 2  a  the flow of a fluid or of a mass of people 液流；人流  a stream of lava  熔岩流b (in sing. or pl. 用复数或单数)  a large quantity of something that flows or moves along 大量流动(或移动)的东西 3  a current or direction in which things are moving or tending 趋势；倾向；潮流  against the stream  反潮流 4 Brit.  a group of schoolchildren taught together as being of similar ability for a given age [英] (年龄能力相仿的儿童被分在一起的)小组 ●v.  1 intr.  flow or move as a stream 流；流动 2 intr.  run with liquid 流淌  my eyes were streaming  我的双眼正流着泪水 3 intr. (of a banner or hair etc.) wave or be blown behind in the wind (旗帜、头发等)飘扬，招展 4 tr.  emit a stream of (blood etc.) 流出；涌出(血等) 5 tr. Brit.  arrange (schoolchildren) in streams [英]把(学生)分组 □ go with the stream  Brit.  do as others do [英]随大流□ on stream  (of a factory etc.) in operation (工厂等)在生产，在运行□ streamless  adj.  □ streamlet  n.   [Old English strēam, from Germanic]

stream-anchor n.  an anchor intermediate in size between a bower and a kedge, esp. for use in warping (尤指用于拖船的)中锚

streamer /ˈstri:mə/ n.  1  a long narrow flag 长条旗；幡 2  a long narrow strip of ribbon or paper, esp. in a coil that unrolls when thrown (尤指卷成团扔出时便展开的)饰带，飘带 3  a banner headline 横幅 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the aurora borealis or australis 北极光；南极光

streamline /ˈstri:mlain/ v., n. & adj. ●v. tr.  1  give (a vehicle, an object) a smooth shape which minimizes its resistance to the flow of a surrounding fluid (e.g. air, water) 使(车辆或物体)成流线型；把(车辆或物体)设计(或制造)成流线型 2  make (an organization, process, etc.) simple or more efficient or better organized 使(组织、过程等)效率高(或合理化) ●n.  a line along which the flow of a moving fluid is least turbulent 流线；流线型 ●adj.  1 (of flow) free from turbulence (流动)流畅的 2 (of an object) streamlined in shape 流线型的 □ streamlined  adj.  

stream of consciousness n.  1 Psychol.  a person's thoughts and conscious reactions to events perceived as a continuous flow 【心】意识流 2  a literary style depicting events in such a flow in the mind of a character 意识流(一种文学创作技巧，着重表现人物思想感情的发展)

street /stri:t/ n.  1  a  a public road in a city, town, or village 街；街道b  this with the houses or other buildings on each side 街区 2  the persons who live or work on a particular street 街区居民；在街区工作的人 □ in the street   1  in the area outside the houses 在街上；在户外 2 Brit. (of Stock Exchange business) done after closing time [英] (证券交易)盘后的□ not in the same street with  Brit. colloq.  utterly inferior to in ability etc. [英口] (在能力等方面)远不能与…相比□ on the streets   1  living by prostitution 靠卖淫为生 2  homeless 无家可归□ streets ahead  (often foll. by 常后跟 of) Brit. colloq.  much superior (to) [英口]比…好得多□ up (or right up) one's street  esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  within one's range of interest or knowledge 为某人感兴趣的；为某人熟知的 2  to one's liking 对某人口味的；中某人意的□ streeted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ streetward  adj. & adv.   [Old English strœˉt from Late Latin strɑˉta (via) ‘paved (way)’, fem. past part. of sternere ‘lay down’]

street Arab n.  1  a homeless child 街头流浪儿 2  an urchin 顽童

streetcar /ˈstri:tkɑ:/ n. N. Amer.  a tram [北美]有轨电车

street credibility n. (also colloq. [亦口] street cred) Brit.  acceptability among young fashionable urban people [英] (在是否时髦方面被一般城市青年认同的)街头信誉

street door n.  a main outer house-door opening on the street (房屋面向街道的)街门

street entertainer n.  a person who entertains people in the street for money, esp. with music, acting, or juggling (尤指弹奏音乐、表演或玩杂耍的)街头卖艺者 □ street entertainment  n.  

street furniture n.  postboxes, road signs, litter bins, and other objects placed in the street for public use 街头公用设施(指邮筒、路标、垃圾筒等)

street jewellery n. Brit.  enamel advertising plates as collectors' items [英] (作为收藏品的)瓷釉广告牌

street lamp n.  = STREET LIGHT 

street light n.  a light or lamp esp. on a lamp-post, serving to illuminate a road etc. 路灯；街灯 □ street lighting  n.  街道照明

street trader n.  a person who trades in the street, either from a market stall or often from an improvised pitch 街头小摊贩

street value n.  the value of esp. drugs sold illicitly (尤指毒品的)街头黑市价

streetwalker /ˈstri:twɔ:kə/ n.  a prostitute seeking customers in the street 街头拉客妓女 □ streetwalking  n. & adj.  

streetwise /ˈstri:twaiz/ adj. esp. N. Amer.  familiar with the ways of modern urban life [尤北美]熟悉都市生活方式的

strelitzia /strəˈlitsiə/ n.  a southern African plant of the genus Strelitzia, with showy irregular flowers having a long projecting tongue 鹤望兰(产于非洲南部的一种植物，花朵艳丽，形状不规则，并生有长长的花舌) [named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1818), queen of George III]

strength /streŋθ, streŋkθ/ n.  1  the state of being strong; the degree to which, or respect in which, a person or thing is strong 力；力量 2  a  a person or thing affording strength or support 给以力量(或支持)的人(或物)b  an attribute making for strength of character 优点，长处  patience is your great strength  耐心是你的一大优点 3  the number of persons present or available (在场)人数 4  a full complement 额定数；全额；编制  below strength  不足额；缺编 □ from strength   from a strong position 从强有力的地位出发□ from strength to strength   with ever-increasing success 不断取得更大成功□ in strength   in large numbers 大量地□ on the strength of   relying on; on the basis of 基于；依据□ the strength of   the essence or main features of …的要素，…的主要特点□ strengthless  adj.   [Old English strengthu from Germanic (as STRONG)]

strengthen /ˈstreŋθ(ə)n, -ŋkθ(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become stronger 加强；巩固 □ strengthen a person's hand (or hands)   encourage a person to vigorous action 鼓励某人采取强有力的行动□ strengthener  n.  

strenuous /ˈstrenjʊəs/ adj.  1  requiring or using great effort 艰苦的；繁重的 2  energetic or unrelaxing 劲头十足的；干劲十足的 □ strenuously  adv.  □ strenuousness  n.   [Latin strenuus ‘brisk’]

strep /strep/ n. colloq. [口]  = STREPTOCOCCUS  [abbreviation]

streptocarpus /streptə(ʊ)ˈkɑ:pəs/ n.  a southern African plant of the genus Streptocarpus, with funnel-shaped flowers, often violet or pink, and spirally twisted fruits 好望角苣苔属(产于非洲南部的一种植物，开漏斗状花，通常为紫罗兰色或粉色，结螺旋形状的果实) [Greek streptos ‘twisted’ + karpos ‘fruit’]

streptococcus /streptəˈkɒkəs/ n. (pl. streptococci /-ˈkɒk(s)ai, -ˈkɒk(s)i:/)  any bacterium of the genus Streptococcus, usu. found joined in chains, some of which cause infectious diseases 链球菌(通常呈链状，其中一些可导致传染性疾病) □ streptococcal  adj.   [Greek streptos ‘twisted’ (from strephō ‘turn’) + COCCUS]

streptokinase /streptəˈkaineiz/ n. Med. & Pharm.  an enzyme produced by some streptococci and used to treat inflammation and blood clots 【医】【药】链激酶；链球菌激酶 [STREPTOCOCCUS + Greek kinein ‘move’ + -ASE]

streptomycin /streptəˈmaisin/ n.  an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus, effective against many disease-producing bacteria 链霉素 [Greek streptos (as STREPTOCOCCUS) + mukēs ‘fungus’]

stress /stres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  pressure or tension exerted on a material object (作用于物体上的)压力；重压b  a quantity measuring this 压力 2  a  demand on physical or mental energy (肉体或精神的)压力b  distress caused by this (由于压力造成的肉体或精神上的)紧张；痛苦  suffering from stress  正遭受压力的折磨 3  a  emphasis 强调  the stress was on the need for success  要强调的是成功的必要性b  accentuation; emphasis laid on a syllable or word 重音；重读c  an accent, esp. the principal one in a word 重读音节(尤指单词中的主重音)  the stress is on the first syllable  重读音节在第一个音节上 4 Mech.  force per unit area exerted between contiguous bodies or parts of a body 【机】应力 ●v. tr.  1  lay stress on; emphasize 加压力于；强调 2  subject to mechanical or physical or mental stress 受到(机械、身体或精神上的)压力 □ lay stress on   indicate as important 重视；强调…的重要性□ stressless  adj.   [Middle English from DISTRESS, or partly from Old French estresse ‘narrowness, oppression’, ultimately from Latin strictus STRICT]

stress disease n.  a disease resulting from continuous mental stress (由于长期精神压力而引起的)紧张症

stressed out adj. colloq.  debilitated or exhausted as a result of stress [口] (由于压力或紧张而造成的)精疲力竭的

stressful /ˈstresfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  causing stress; mentally tiring 产生压力的；精神紧张的  had a stressful day  紧张了一天 □ stressfully  adv.  □ stressfulness  n.  

stretch /stretʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  draw or be drawn or admit of being drawn out into greater length or size 拉直；拉长；撑大 2 tr. & intr.  make or become taut 拉紧；绷紧 3 tr. & intr.  place or lie at full length or spread out 伸展；展开；铺开  with a canopy stretched over them  他们头上有顶篷 4  a tr.  extend (an arm, leg, etc.) 伸(胳膊、腿等)b intr. & refl.  thrust out one's limbs and tighten one's muscles after being relaxed 舒展肢体；伸展四肢 5 intr.  have a specified length or extension; extend 绵延；延伸  farmland stretches for many miles  农田绵延数英里 6 tr.  strain or exert extremely or excessively; exaggerate 使用过度；夸张  stretch the truth  言过其实 7 tr. (as 作 stretched adj.)  elongated or extended 延长的；伸长的；绵延的 ●n.  1  a continuous extent or expanse or period 延伸；连绵；连续  a stretch of open road  一段开阔的道路 2  the act or an instance of stretching; the state of being stretched 伸展；伸长；拉长；撑大 3 (作 attrib.)  able to stretch; elastic 可伸展的；有弹性的  stretch fabric  弹性布料 4  a colloq.  a period of imprisonment [口]服刑期b  a period of service 服役期 5 N. Amer.  the straight side of a racetrack [北美] (跑道的)直边 6 Naut.  the distance covered on one tack 【海】一次抢风航程 7 (usu. 通常作 attrib.) colloq.  an aircraft or motor vehicle modified so as to have extra seating or storage capacity [口] (飞机、汽车等)改型了的；容积扩大的  stretch limousine  改大了的轿车 □ at full stretch   working to capacity 尽全力□ at a stretch   1  in one continuous period 不间断地；连续地  slept for two hours at a stretch  连续睡了两个小时 2  with much effort 努力地□ stretch one's legs   exercise oneself by walking 散步锻炼身体□ stretch out   1  extend (a hand or foot etc.) 伸出(手或脚等) 2  last for a longer period; prolong 延长；拖延 3  make (money etc.) last for a sufficient time 使(钱等)维持更长时间□ stretch a point   agree to something not normally allowed 让步；通融□ stretch one's wings   see 见 WING □ stretchable  adj.  □ stretchability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ stretchy  adj.  □ stretchiness  n.   [Old English streccan from West Germanic: cf. STRAIGHT]

stretcher /ˈstretʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a framework of two poles with canvas etc. between, for carrying sick, injured, or dead persons in a lying position (用于运送病人、伤员或死人的)担架 2  a brick or stone laid with its long side along the face of a wall (cf. 参见 HEADER 3) 横砌石；顺砖 3  a board in a boat against which a rower presses the feet (划艇的)踏脚板 4  a rod or bar as a tie between chair legs etc. (椅脚等之间的)横档；横木 5  a wooden frame over which a canvas is stretched ready for painting (用于绷画布的)木框 6 archaic slang  an exaggeration or lie [古义] [俚语]夸大之辞；谎话 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  convey (a sick or injured person) on a stretcher 用担架运送(病人、伤员等)

stretcher-bearer n.  a person who helps to carry a stretcher, esp. in war or at a major accident (尤指战争或重大事故中的)担架兵，担架手

stretch marks n. pl.  marks on the skin resulting from a gain of weight, or on the abdomen after pregnancy (在怀孕或体重增加过快期间腹部或腿上产生的)萎缩纹，白纹

stretto /ˈstretəʊ/ adv. Mus.  in quicker time 【音】加快地 [Italian, = narrow]

strew /stru:/ v. tr. (past part. strewn or strewed)  1  scatter or spread about over a surface 撒；散播 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  spread (a surface) with scattered things 撒在(表面)上；散播在(表面)上 □ strewer  n.   [Old English stre(o)wian]

strewth /stru:θ/ int. (also 亦作 struth, 'str-) esp. Brit. colloq.  a mild oath [尤英口]天哪(温和的咒骂语) [God's truth]

stria /ˈstraiə/ n. (pl. striae /-i:/)  1 Anat., Zool., Bot. & Geol. 【解】【动】【植】【地质】  a  a linear mark on a surface 条纹b  a slight ridge, furrow, or score 壳纹；陷线；条痕 2 Archit.  a fillet between the flutes of a column 【建】(柱身的)凹槽，突筋 [Latin]

striate adj. & v. ●adj. /ˈstraiət, ˈstraieit/ (also 亦作 striated /-eitid/) Anat., Zool., Bot. & Geol. 【解】【动】【植】【地质】  marked with striae 有条纹的；有条痕的 ●v. tr. /straiˈeit/  mark with striae 在…刻(或加)条纹，使起条纹 □ striation  /straiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

striated muscle n. Anat.  muscle with the contractile fibrils in the cells aligned to form stripes visible in a microscope, attached to bones by tendons and under voluntary control Also called 亦称作 skeletal muscle 【解】横纹肌

stricken /ˈstrik(ə)n/ adj.  1  affected or overcome with illness or misfortune etc. 患病的；遭受磨难的  stricken with measles  起麻疹 grief-stricken  悲痛的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from etc.) US Law  deleted [美]【法律】删除的 3  levelled with a strickle (用斗刮)刮平的 □ stricken in years  archaic  enfeebled by age [古义]年老体衰的 [archaic past part. of STRIKE]

strickle /strik(ə)l/ n.  1  a rod used in strike-measure 斗刮，刮板(测量中用于刮平高出量器口的粮食或其他物品的器具) 2  a whetting tool 磨具；磨石 [Old English stricel, related to STRIKE]

strict /strikt/ adj.  1  precisely limited or defined; without exception or deviation 严密的，严谨的；完全的，绝对的  lives in strict seclusion  过着完全的隐居生活 2  requiring complete compliance or exact performance; enforced rigidly 严格的；严厉的  gave strict orders  发出严格的命令 □ strictness  n.   [Latin strictus, past part. of stringere ‘tighten’]

strict counterpoint n.  an academic exercise in writing counterpoint, not necessarily intended as a composition 严格对位(一种运用对位法的写作练习，不一定作为作文训练)

strictly /ˈstrik(t)li/ adv.  1  in a strict manner 严格地；严厉地 2 (also 亦作 strictly speaking)  applying words in their strict sense 确切地  he is, strictly, an absconder  确切地说，他是个逃亡者 3 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  definitely [尤北美口]完全，绝对

stricture /ˈstriktʃə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  a critical or censorious remark 指责，责难；苛评 2 Med.  a morbid narrowing of a canal or duct in the body 【医】(人体内导管或排泄管病变性的)狭窄；狭窄部位 □ strictured  adj.   [Middle English from Latin strictura (as STRICT)]

stride /straid/ v. & n. ●v. (past strode /strəʊd/; past part. stridden /ˈstrid(ə)n/)  1 intr. & tr.  walk with long firm steps 阔步走，大踏步走 2 tr.  cross with one step 跨越 3 tr.  bestride; straddle 跨坐；跨立 ●n.  1  a  a single long step 大步，跨步b  the length of this 一大步的距离 2  a person's gait as determined by the length of stride (大步行走的)步态 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  progress 进展，进步  has made great strides  取得巨大进展 4  a settled rate of progress 进展速度  get into one's stride  开始充满信心并熟练地工作 be thrown out of one's stride  仓皇失措 5 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. slang  trousers [英] [俚语]裤子 6  the distance between the feet parted either laterally or as in walking 步幅 □ take in one's stride   1  clear (an obstacle) without changing one's gait to jump 一步跨过(障碍物) 2  manage without difficulty 毫不费力地应付□ strider  n.   [Old English strīdan]

strident /ˈstraid(ə)nt/ adj.  loud and harsh 尖声的，刺耳的 □ stridency  n.  □ stridently  adv.   [Latin stridere strident- ‘creak’]

stridulate /ˈstridjʊleit/ v. intr. (of insects, esp. the cicada and grasshopper) make a shrill sound by rubbing esp. the legs or wing-cases together (昆虫尤指蝉和蟋蟀摩擦腿或翅翼)发出刺耳的声响 □ stridulant  adj.  □ stridulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French striduler from Latin stridulus ‘creaking’ (as STRIDENT)]

strife /straif/ n.  1  conflict; struggle between opposed persons or things 冲突；争斗 2 Austral. colloq.  trouble of any kind [澳口]纠纷；不和 [Middle English from Old French estrif: cf. Old French estriver STRIVE]

strigil /ˈstridʒil/ n.  1 Gk & Rom. Antiq.  a skin-scraper used by bathers after exercise [古希腊罗马] (运动后洗浴时刮去身上汗珠的)刮身板 2  a structure on the leg of an insect used to clean its antennae etc. (昆虫腿上的)刮擦器；净角栉 [Latin strigilis from stringere ‘graze’]

strigose /ˈstraiɡəʊs/ adj.  1 (of leaves etc.) having short stiff hairs or scales (叶子等)有糙伏毛的 2 (of an insect etc.) streaked, striped, or ridged (昆虫等)具细密槽纹的 [Latin striga ‘swath, furrow’]

strike /straik/ v. & n. ●v. (past struck /strʌk/; past part. struck or archaic [古义] stricken /ˈstrik(ə)n/)  1  a tr.  subject to an impact 使遭受打击b tr.  deliver (a blow) or inflict a blow on 打，击，击打 also with double object 亦与双宾语连用 : struck him a blow  给他一击 2 tr.  come or bring sharply into contact with 碰撞，撞击  the ship struck a rock  船撞上了一块礁石 3 tr.  propel or divert with a blow 打跑；打向  struck the ball into the pond  把球打进了池塘 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  try to hit 向…打去 5 tr.  cause to penetrate 使刺入；使穿透  struck terror into him  使他感到恐惧 6 tr.  ignite (a match) or produce (sparks etc.) by rubbing 擦(火柴)；擦出(火花等) 7 tr.  make (a coin) by stamping 冲制(硬币) 8 tr.  produce (a musical note) by striking 击打出(或奏出) (乐音) 9  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a clock) indicate (the time) by the sounding of a chime etc. (钟)敲响报(时)b intr. (of time) be indicated in this way (用敲响的方式)报时 10 tr.  a  attack or affect suddenly 突然攻击；突然影响  was struck with sudden terror  突然感到恐惧b (of a disease) afflict (疾病)侵袭 11 tr.  cause to become suddenly 使突然变得  was struck dumb  突然变得张口结舌 12 tr.  reach or achieve 达到，取得  strike a balance  取得平衡 13 tr.  agree on (a bargain) 达成(交易) 14 tr.  assume (an attitude or pose) suddenly and dramatically 突然来取…姿态，做出…样子 15 tr.  a  discover or come across 发现；偶然遇到b  find (oil etc.) by drilling (经钻探)发现(石油等)c  encounter (an unusual thing etc.) 邂逅(不寻常的事情等) 16 tr.  come to the attention of; occur to 突然觉得，突然想到  it strikes me as silly  我突然觉得这件事很蠢 an idea suddenly struck me  我突然想起一个主意 17  a intr. (of employees) engage in a strike; cease work as a protest (雇员)罢工；罢工抗议b tr. N. Amer.  act in this way against (an employer) [北美]罢工反对(雇主) 18  a tr.  lower or take down (a flag or tent etc.) 降(旗等)；拆卸(帐篷等)b intr.  signify surrender by striking a flag; surrender 降旗以示投降；投降 19 intr.  take a specified direction 朝…方向前进  struck east  朝东走去 20 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  secure a hook in the mouth of (a fish) by jerking the tackle (猛拉钓索以)钩住(鱼) 21 tr. (of a snake) wound with its fangs (蛇以毒牙)咬伤 22 intr. (of oysters) attach themselves to a bed (牡蛎)附着于 23  a tr.  insert (a cutting of a plant) in soil to take root (把插枝)插入泥土中生根b tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a plant or cutting etc.) put forth (roots) (植物或插枝等)生(根) 24 tr.  level (grain etc. or the measure) in strike-measure (用刮斗器)刮平 25 tr.  a  ascertain (a balance) by deducting credit or debit from the other 结算，结清b  arrive at (an average, state of balance) by equalizing all items (通过使各项均衡)达到(平均水平或平衡状态) 26 tr.  compose (a jury) esp. by allowing both sides to reject the same number (尤指通过允许双方裁减相同数目来)组建(陪审团) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of striking 打，击 2  a  the organized refusal by employees to work until some grievance is remedied 罢工b  a similar refusal to participate in some other expected activity 抵制(如罢课、罢市等) 3  a  a discovery of oil, ore, etc. by drilling, mining, etc. (石油、矿藏等通过钻井、挖掘等的)突然发现b  a sudden find or success 突然的发现；意外成功  a lucky strike  好运 4  an attack, esp. from the air 袭击(尤指空袭) 5 Baseball  a batter's unsuccessful attempt to hit a pitched ball, or another event counting equivalently against a batter 【棒球】好球 6  the act of knocking down all the pins with the first ball in bowling (保龄球中的)一击全中 7  horizontal direction in a geological structure 走向 8  a strickle 斗刮，刮板 □ on strike   taking part in an industrial etc. strike 在罢工□ strike at the root (or roots) of   see 见 ROOT1 □ strike back   1  strike or attack in return 还击，反击 2 (of a gas burner) burn from an internal point before the gas has become mixed with air (煤气灶)回燃□ strike down   1  knock down 打倒；击倒；撞倒 2  bring low; afflict 使恶化；侵袭  struck down by a virus  染上了病毒□ strike home   1  deal an effective blow 击中要害 2  have an intended effect 取得预期效果  my words struck home  我的话取得了意想的效果□ strike in   1  intervene in a conversation etc. 插话 2 (of a disease) attack the interior of the body from the surface (疾病)由表入里；深入脏腑□ strike it rich  colloq.  find a source of abundance or success [口]发现丰富的资源；取得意外的成功□ strike a light   1  produce a light by striking a match 擦燃火柴点火 2 (as 作 int.) Brit. colloq.  an expression of surprise, disgust, etc. [英口]哎呀，天哪(表示惊讶或嫌恶等的感叹语)□ strike lucky (or strike it lucky)  Brit.  have a lucky success [英]意外地获得成功□ strike off   1  remove with a stroke 敲下；砍掉；击断 2  delete (a name etc.) from a list 删除，抹去(姓名等) 3  produce (copies of a document) 印制(文件)□ strike oil   1  find petroleum by sinking a shaft (钻井时)发现石油 2  attain prosperity or success 发财；取得成功□ strike out   1  hit out 挥拳狠狠打去 2  act vigorously 使劲 3  delete (an item or name etc.) 删除，抹去(项目或姓名等) 4  set off or begin 出发；开始  struck out eastwards  开始向东行进 5  use the arms and legs in swimming (游泳时)使劲划水 6  forge or devise (a plan etc.) 制订，订立(计划等) 7 Baseball 【棒球】  a  dismiss (a batter) by means of three strikes 三击不中b  be dismissed in this way 三振出局□ strike through   delete (a word etc.) with a stroke of one's pen 一笔划去(单词等)□ strike up   1  start (an acquaintance, conversation, etc.) esp. casually (尤指随意地)结识(某人)；开始(交谈等) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  begin playing (a tune etc.) 开始弹奏(乐曲等)□ strike upon   1  have (an idea etc.) luckily occur to one 突然想起(一个主意等) 2 (of light) illuminate (光)照亮□ strike while the iron is hot   act promptly at a good opportunity 趁热打铁□ struck on  Brit. colloq.  infatuated with [英口]迷恋于□ strikable  adj.   [Old English strīcan ‘go, stroke’, from West Germanic]

strike-bound adj.  immobilized or closed by a strike 因罢工而停顿(或关闭)的

strike-breaker n.  a person working or employed in place of others who are on strike (罢工中继续上班或受雇的)破坏罢工者 □ strike-break  v. intr. (usu. as 通常作 strike-breaking n.)  

strike call n.  an invitation to workers by union representatives to go on strike 罢工号召

strike force n.  1  a military or police force ready for rapid effective action (军队或警方的)打击力量；突击队 2 Football  the forwards in a team 【足球】前锋

strike-measure n.  measurement by passing a rod across the top of a heaped container to ensure that it is exactly full (量谷物等时以与容器口齐平为准的)斗刮量法

strike-out n. Baseball  an out called when a batter has made three strikes 【棒球】三振出局

strike pay n.  an allowance paid to strikers by their trade union (工会发给罢工工人的)罢工津贴

striker /ˈstraikə/ n.  1  a person or thing that strikes 敲击者；敲击物 2  an employee on strike 罢工者 3 Sport  the player who is to strike, or who is to be the next to strike, the ball 【运动】击球手；(即将轮到击球的)击球手 4 Football  an attacking player positioned well forward in order to score goals 【足球】前锋 5 Brit.  a device striking the primer in a gun [英] (枪的)撞针

strike rate n.  success rate, esp. in scoring goals or runs 胜率(尤指进球率或跑垒率)

strike-slip fault n. Geol.  a fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the line of the fault 【地质】走向滑动断层

strike zone n. Baseball  an imaginary rectangle extending from the armpits to the knees of a batter 【棒球】(击球的)好球部位

striking /ˈstraikiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  impressive; attracting attention 令人难忘的；惹人注目的 2 (of a clock) making a chime to indicate the hours etc. (钟)敲击报时的 ●n.  the act or an instance of striking 打，击 □ within striking distance   near enough to hit or achieve 处于攻击距离内□ strikingly  adv.  □ strikingness  n.  

striking-circle n. (in hockey) an elongated semicircle in front of the goal, from within which the ball must be hit in order to score (曲棍球的)击球圈

striking force n.  a military body ready to attack at short notice 打击力量；突击队

strimmer /ˈstrimə/ n. propr.  an electrically powered grass trimmer with a nylon cutting cord which rotates rapidly on a spindle [商标]电动草坪修剪机

Strine /strain/ n.  1  a comic transliteration of Australian speech, e.g. Emma Chissitt = ‘How much is it?’ 老澳腔(对澳大利亚土腔的戏谑音译) 2 (esp. uneducated) Australian English (尤指未受教育的人说的)澳大利亚英语 [= Australian in Strine]

string /striŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  twine or narrow cord 细绳；线 2  a piece of this or of similar material used for tying or holding together, pulling, etc. (用于捆扎、拖拽等的)绳，带 3  a length of catgut or wire etc. on a musical instrument, producing a note by vibration (乐器的)弦 4  a (in pl. 用复数)  the stringed instruments in an orchestra etc. (管弦乐团等中的)弦乐器b (作 attrib.)  relating to or consisting of stringed instruments 弦乐器的；由弦乐器组成的  string quartet  弦乐四重奏 5 (in pl. 用复数)  an awkward condition or complication 附带条件，附加条件  the offer has no strings  这项提议无附加条件 6  a set of things strung together; a series or line of persons or things 一连串；一系列  a string of beads  一串珠子 a string of oaths  一连串的誓言 7  a group of racehorses trained at one stable (在同一个马厩受训的)一群赛马 8  a tough piece connecting the two halves of a bean-pod etc. (豆荚等的)筋 9  a piece of catgut etc. interwoven with others to form the head of a tennis etc. racket (网球拍等的)绷绳 10  = STRINGBOARD  11  a  a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having the dynamical properties of a flexible loop (假设的)一维亚原子粒b  in cosmology, a hypothetical threadlike concentration of energy within the structure of space-time (宇宙论中假设的)时空结构中的线状能量集结 12 Computing  a linear sequence of characters, records, or data 【计算】行 ●v. (past and past part. strung /strʌŋ/)  1 tr.  supply with a string or strings 给(乐器等)装弦 2 tr.  tie with string (用绳或线等)缚，扎 3 tr.  thread (beads etc.) on a string 用线串(珠子等) 4 tr.  arrange in or as a string 使连成一串；使排成一行 5 tr.  remove the strings from (a bean) 去除(豆荚的)筋 6 tr.  place a string ready for use on (a bow) 给(弓)装弦 7 tr. esp. N. Amer. slang  hoax [尤北美] [俚语]欺骗，哄骗 8 intr. (of glue etc.) become stringy (胶水等)变得黏稠 9 intr. Billiards  make the preliminary strokes that decide which player begins 【台球】开球决定玩球顺序 □ have two (or many) strings to one's bow   see 见 BOW1 □ on a string   under one's control or influence 受某人控制(或影响)□ string along  colloq. [口]  1  deceive, esp. by appearing to comply with (a person) (尤指假装遵从某人而)欺骗，愚弄 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  keep company (with) 陪伴，伴随□ string out   extend; prolong (esp. unduly) 延伸；(尤指过度地)延长，拖延□ string up   1  hang up on strings etc. (在绳上等)挂起，吊起 2  kill by hanging 绞死，吊死 3 (usu. as 通常作 strung up adj.) Brit.  make tense [英]使绷紧；使紧张；使做好准备□ stringless  adj.  □ stringlike  adj.   [Old English streng from Germanic: related to STRONG]

string bass n. Mus.  a double bass 【音】低音提琴

string bean n.  1  any of various beans eaten in their fibrous pods, esp. runner beans or French beans 刀豆，食荚菜豆 2 colloq.  a tall thin person [口]瘦高个的人

stringboard /ˈstriŋbɔ:d/ n.  a supporting timber or skirting in which the ends of the steps in a staircase are set (楼梯的)斜梁侧板

string-course n.  a raised horizontal band or course of bricks etc. on a building (建筑物上用砖等砌成的)层拱，束带层

stringed /striŋd/ adj. (of musical instruments) having strings (乐器)有弦的 also in comb. 亦用于复合词 : twelve-stringed guitar  十二弦吉他

stringendo /strinˈdʒendəʊ/ adj. & adv. Mus.  with increasing speed 【音】紧凑的(地) [Italian from stringere ‘to press’ (as STRINGENT)]

stringent /ˈstrin(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of rules etc.) strict, precise; requiring exact performance; leaving no loophole or discretion (规则等)严格的；严密的；无隙可乘的 2 (of a money market etc.) tight; hampered by scarcity; unaccommodating; hard to operate in (货币市场等)银根紧的；短缺的，不足的 □ stringency  n.  □ stringently  adv.   [Latin stringere ‘draw tight’]

stringer /ˈstriŋə/ n.  1  a longitudinal structural member in a framework, esp. of a ship or aircraft (尤指船或飞机的)纵向加强条 2 colloq.  a newspaper correspondent not on the regular staff [口] (报刊等的)特约记者 3  = STRINGBOARD 

stringhalt /ˈstriŋhɔ:lt/ n.  spasmodic movement of a horse's hind leg (马后腿的)跛行症

string-piece n.  a long timber supporting and connecting the parts of a framework 纵梁

string tie n.  a very narrow necktie 狭领结；狭领带

string vest n.  a vest with large meshes 网眼背心

stringy /ˈstriŋi/ adj. (stringier, stringiest)  1 (of food etc.) fibrous, tough (食物等)多纤维的；多筋的 2  of or like string 弦的；弦状的；线状的；带状的 3 (of a person) tall, wiry, and thin (人)瘦高个的 4 (of a liquid) viscous; forming strings (液体)黏稠的；可拉成丝状的 □ stringily  adv.  □ stringiness  n.  

stringy-bark n. Austral.  any of various eucalyptus trees with tough fibrous bark [澳]纤维内皮桉(其树皮粗糙多纤维)

strip1 /strip/ v. & n. ●v. (stripped, stripping)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  remove the clothes or covering from (a person or thing) 除去(人身上的衣服)；剥去(某物的外皮) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  undress oneself 脱衣 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  deprive (a person) of property or titles 抢劫，掠夺；剥夺，夺走(某人的财产或头衔) 4 tr.  leave bare of accessories or fittings 拆除(附属物或设施) 5 tr.  remove bark and branches from (a tree) 剥去(树的)树皮和树枝 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  remove the accessory fittings of or take apart (a machine etc.) to inspect or adjust it 拆开，拆散(机器等) 7 tr.  sell off (the assets of a company) for profit 变卖(公司资产) 8 tr.  milk (a cow) to the last drop 挤干(牛的)奶 9 tr.  remove the old hair from (a dog) 清除(狗的)脱毛 10 tr.  remove the stems from (tobacco) (为烟草)去梗 11  a tr.  tear the thread from (a screw) 磨损(螺钉、螺母、螺栓等的)螺纹b intr. (of a screw) lose its thread (螺母等的)螺纹损坏 12 tr.  tear the teeth from (a gearwheel) 折断(齿轮的)齿 13 tr.  remove (paint) or remove paint from (a surface) with solvent 除(漆)；从…上除漆 14 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  pull or tear (a covering or property etc.) off 剥去，撕掉(覆盖物等)；剥夺，夺走(财产等)  stripped the masks from their faces  摘掉他们脸上的面具 15 intr. (of a bullet) issue from a rifled gun without spin owing to a loss of surface (子弹出膛时因表面磨损而)不旋转 ●n.  1  an act of stripping, esp. of undressing in striptease 剥去，脱去；(尤指脱衣舞中的)脱衣 2 Brit.  the identifying outfit worn by the members of a sports team while playing [英] (赛场上运动队的)标志队服 [Middle English from Old English bestrīepan ‘plunder’, from Germanic]

strip2 /strip/ n.  1  a long narrow piece 狭条  a strip of land  带状土地 2  a narrow flat bar of iron or steel 铁条；带钢 3 (in full 全称 strip cartoon)  = COMIC STRIP  □ tear a person off a strip  colloq.  angrily rebuke a person [口]痛骂某人，怒斥某人 [Middle English, from or related to Middle Low German strippe ‘strap, thong’: probably related to STRIPE]

stripagram /ˈstripəɡræm/ n. (also 亦作 strippergram)  a novelty telegram or greetings message delivered by a person who performs a striptease for the recipient (请脱衣舞表演者为举办聚会或过生日的人表演的)脱衣舞祝贺

strip club n.  a club at which striptease performances are given 脱衣舞夜总会

stripe /straip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow band or strip differing in colour or texture from the surface on either side of it 条纹，长条，线条  black with a red stripe  黑色中带有一条红色条纹 2 Mil.  a chevron etc. denoting military rank 【军】(表示军衔的)条纹 3 N. Amer.  a category of character, opinion, etc. [北美] (性格、意见等的)类型，类别  a man of that stripe  那种个性的人 4 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) archaic  a blow with a scourge or lash [古义]抽打，鞭打 5 (in pl. 用复数 , treated as sing. 看作单数) colloq. [口]  a tiger 老虎 ●v. tr.  mark with stripes 使…有条纹(或线条) [perhaps back-formation from striped: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German strīpe, Middle High German strīfe]

striped /straipt/ adj.  marked with stripes 有条纹的 also in comb. 亦用于复合词 : red-striped  红色条纹的

striped squill  see 见 SQUILL 1b 

strip light n. Brit.  a tubular fluorescent lamp [英]带状日光灯

stripling /ˈstripliŋ/ n.  a youth not yet fully grown 青年，小伙子 [Middle English, probably from STRIP2 + -LING1, in the sense of having a figure not yet filled out]

strip mill n.  a mill in which steel slabs are rolled into strips 带钢轧机

strip mine n. US  a mine worked by removing the material that overlies the ore etc. [美]露天矿

stripper /ˈstripə/ n.  1  a person or thing that strips something 剥离工；剥离器；刮毛器；剥皮器 2  a device or solvent for removing paint etc. (除去油漆等的)清除器具；清除剂 3  a striptease performer 脱衣舞表演者

strippergram var.  of STRIPAGRAM  STRIPAGRAM 的变体

strip-search n. & v. ●n.  a search of a person involving the removal of all clothes 脱光衣服搜查 ●v. tr.  search in this way 对…脱光衣服进行搜查

striptease /ˈstripti:z/ n. & v. ●n.  an entertainment in which the performer gradually undresses before the audience 脱衣舞 ●v. intr.  perform a striptease 表演脱衣舞 □ stripteaser  n.  

stripy /ˈstraipi/ adj. (stripier, stripiest)  striped; having many stripes 有条纹的；条纹状的

strive /straiv/ v. intr. (past strove /strəʊv/ or strived; past part. striven /ˈstriv(ə)n/ or strived)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  try hard, make efforts 努力；力争  strive to succeed  力争成功 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with, against)  struggle or contend 斗争；反抗 □ striver  n.   [Middle English from Old French estriver, related to estrif STRIFE]

strobe /strəʊb/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a stroboscope 频闪观测器 2  a stroboscopic lamp 频闪闪光灯 3 US  an electronic flash for a camera [美] (照相机)闪光灯 ●v.  1 tr.  light as if with a stroboscope (用闪光灯)闪光 2 intr.  flash intermittently 频闪 3 intr.  exhibit or give rise to strobing 出现雪花点 [abbreviation]

strobila /strəˈbailə/ n. (pl. strobili /-lai, -li:/)  1  a chain of proglottids in a tapeworm (绦虫的)节裂体，横裂体 2  a sessile polyp-like form which divides horizontally to produce jellyfish larvae (钵水母的)叠生体 [modern Latin from Greek strobilē ‘twisted plug of lint’, from strephō ‘twist’]

strobile /ˈstrəʊbail/ n. Bot. 【植】  = STROBILUS  [French strobile or Late Latin strobilus from Greek strobilos, from strephō ‘twist’]

strobilus /ˈstrəʊbiləs/ n. (pl. strobili /-lai, -li:/) Bot. 【植】  1  the cone of a pine etc. (松树等的)球果 2  a conelike structure, e.g. the flower of the hop 球果状结构(如忽布花) [Late Latin (as STROBILE)]

strobing /ˈstrəʊbiŋ/ n.  1 Telev.  an irregular movement and loss of continuity sometimes seen in lines and stripes in a television picture 【电视】(电视画面上的)雪花点 2 Cinematog.  jerkiness in what should be a smooth movement on the screen 【电影】(屏幕上的)闪动

stroboscope /ˈstrəʊbəskəʊp/ n.  1 Physics  an instrument for determining speeds of rotation etc. by shining a bright light at intervals so that a rotating object appears stationary 【物理学】频闪观测器 2  a lamp made to flash intermittently, esp. for this purpose 频闪闪光灯 □ stroboscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.  □ stroboscopical  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  □ stroboscopically  /-ˈskɒpik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek strobos ‘whirling’ + -SCOPE]

strode past  of STRIDE  

Stroganoff /ˈstrɒɡənɒf/ adj. (of meat) cut into strips and cooked in sour-cream sauce (肉)切丝后加酸奶油炒的  beef Stroganoff  俄式炒牛肉丝 [named after P. Stroganoff, Russian diplomat (d. 1817)]

stroke /strəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of striking; a blow or hit 敲；打，击；一拳；一击  with a single stroke  一击 a stroke of lightning  一道闪电 2  a sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain, esp. through thrombosis; apoplexy (尤指由于脑血栓造成的)中风 3  a  an action or movement esp. as one of a series (尤指一系列动作中的)一举，一动b  the time or way in which such movements are done (一举或一动的)时间；方式c  the slightest such action 微小的举动  has not done a stroke of work  没做一点事 4  the whole of the motion (of a wing, oar, etc.) until the starting position is regained (翅膀等的)扑打；(桨等的)划动 5 (in rowing) the mode or action of moving the oar (一次)划桨；划桨法  row a fast stroke  快划 6  the whole motion (of a piston) in either direction (活塞的)冲程 7 Golf  the action of hitting (or hitting at) a ball with a club, as a unit of scoring 【高尔夫球】击(球) 8  a mode of moving the arms and legs in swimming 游泳姿势 9  a method of striking with the bat etc. in games etc. (比赛等中的)击(球)  played some unorthodox strokes  打出一些怪异的球 10  a specially successful or skilful effort 成功的努力；巧妙的努力  a stroke of diplomacy  外交上的一次成功 11  a  a mark made by the movement in one direction of a pen or pencil or paintbrush (钢笔、铅笔或画笔等的)一笔，一划b  a similar mark printed (印刷的)一笔，一划 12  a detail contributing to the general effect in a description (描写中的巧妙的)一笔 13  the sound made by a striking clock (时钟发出的)钟声，鸣声 14 (in full 全称 stroke oar)  the oar or oarsman nearest the stern, setting the time of the stroke 尾桨；尾桨划手 15  the act or a spell of stroking 抚；摩；捋 ●v. tr.  1  pass one's hand gently along the surface of (hair or fur etc.); caress lightly (用手)轻抚，抚摩(头发或毛皮等) 2  act as the stroke of (a boat or crew) 当…的领桨；确定…的划桨频率 □ at a stroke   by a single action 一下子，一举□ off one's stroke   not performing as well as usual 乱了阵脚，表现失常□ on the stroke   punctually 准时地，准点地□ on the stroke of nine   etc. with the clock about to strike nine etc. 时钟正要打九点□ stroke a person down   appease a person's anger 平息某人的怒气□ stroke a person (or a person's hair) the wrong way   irritate a person 触怒某人□ stroke of business   a profitable transaction 赚钱的买卖□ stroke of genius   an original or strikingly successful idea 极有创意的想法；极其成功的想法□ stroke of luck or good luck   an unforeseen opportune occurrence 走运 [Old English strɑˉcian from Germanic: related to STRIKE]

stroke play n. Golf  play in which the score is reckoned by counting the number of strokes taken for the round (cf. 参见 MATCHPLAY) 【高尔夫球】击数比赛(得分根据击球次数计算的比赛)

stroll /strəʊl/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  saunter or walk in a leisurely way 漫步，溜达，闲逛 2  achieve something easily, without effort 轻易获取 ●n.  1  a short leisurely walk 漫步，溜达，闲逛  go for a stroll  出去溜达一会儿 2  something easily achieved; a walkover 轻易获取的东西；轻易获胜 [originally of a vagrant, probably via German strollen, strolchen from Strolch ‘vagabond’, of unknown origin]

stroller /ˈstrəʊlə/ n.  1  a person who strolls 漫步者，闲逛者 2 US  a pushchair [美] (折叠式)婴儿手推车

strolling players n. pl.  actors etc. going from place to place to give performances 流浪艺人

stroma /ˈstrəʊmə/ n. (pl. stromata /-mətə/) Biol. 【生】  1  the framework of an organ or cell (器官或细胞的)基质 2  a fungous tissue containing spore-producing bodies (内含孢子生成物质的)子座 □ stromatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [modern Latin via Late Latin from Greek strōma ‘coverlet’]

stromatolite /strə(ʊ)ˈmætəlait/ n. Biol.  a mound built up of layers of blue-green algae and trapped sediment, found in lagoons in Australasia and fossilized in Precambrian rocks elsewhere 【生】叠层(石) [STROMA + -LITE]

strong /strɒŋ/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (stronger /ˈstrɒŋɡə/; strongest /ˈstrɒŋɡist/)  1  having the power of resistance; able to withstand great force or opposition; not easily damaged or overcome 坚固的，强固的，牢固的；坚定的；坚强的  strong material  坚固的材料 strong faith  坚定的信念 a strong character  坚强的性格 2 (of a person's constitution) able to overcome, or not liable to, disease (人的体格)强壮的，强健的 3 (of a person's nerves) proof against fright, irritation, etc. (人的神经)坚强的 4 (of a patient) restored to health (病人)痊愈的 5 (of a market) having steadily high or rising prices (市场)坚挺的；看涨的 6  capable of exerting great force or of doing much; muscular, powerful 强有力的；强大的 7  forceful or powerful in effect 强劲的；强烈的  a strong wind  大风 a strong protest  强烈的抗议 8  decided or firmly held 坚决的；根深蒂固的  a strong suspicion  极大的疑心 strong views  根深蒂固的看法 9 (of an argument etc.) convincing or striking (争论等)有说服力的；有分量的 10  powerfully affecting the senses or emotions (对感官或情感而言)强烈的；浓烈的  a strong light  强光 strong acting  精彩的演技 11  powerful in terms of size or numbers or quality (大小、数量或质量)有优势的  a strong army  强大的军队 12  capable of doing much when united (联合后)有实力的  a strong combination  强有力的结合 13  formidable; likely to succeed 有实力的；有望成功的  a strong candidate  有实力的候选人 14 (of a solution or drink etc.) concentrated; containing a large proportion of a substance in water or another solvent (溶液或饮料等)浓的；强的  strong tea  浓茶 15 Chem. (of an acid or base) fully ionized into cations and anions in aqueous solution 【化】(酸或碱基)在水溶液中高度电离的 16 (of a group) having a specified number (组或群)有一定数目的  200 strong  200 之多 17 (of a voice) loud or penetrating (声音)响亮的，高亢的 18 (of food or its flavour) pungent (食物或味道)辛辣的 19 (of a person's breath) ill-smelling (某人呼出的气息)难闻的，臭的 20 (of a literary style) vivid and terse (文体)简洁生动的 21 (of a measure) drastic (措施)严厉的；激烈的 22 Gram.  in Germanic languages 【语法】(日耳曼语系中):a (of a verb) forming inflections by change of vowel within the stem rather than by the addition of a suffix (e.g. swim, swam) (动词)强变化的，强变格的(指通过改变元音而不是词尾进行屈折变化)b (of a noun or adjective) belonging to a declension in which the stem originally ended otherwise than in -n (opp. 反义 WEAK 9b) (屈折形式的名词或形容词)原词干不以 -n 结尾的 ●adv.  strongly 强有力地，强劲地；强烈地；激烈地；实力强大地  the tide is running strong  波涛汹涌 □ come it strong  Brit. colloq.  go to great lengths; use exaggeration [英口]做得过分；显得夸张□ come on strong   behave aggressively or assertively 举止咄咄逼人；言行专断□ going strong  colloq.  continuing action vigorously; continuing to flourish; in good health or trim [口]进行顺利；保持兴旺；身体健康□ strongish  adj.  □ strongly  adv.   [Old English from Germanic: related to STRING]

strong-arm attrib. adj.  using force 用强制手段的；用暴力的  strong-arm tactics  强制性策略

strongbox /ˈstrɒŋbɒks/ n.  a strongly made small chest for valuables 保险箱，保险柜

strong drink n.  alcohol, esp. spirits 酒(尤指烈酒)

strong force n. Physics  the force which mediates the strong interaction between subatomic particles 【物理学】(亚原子粒子之间的)强相互作用力

strong grade n. Philol.  the stressed ablaut form 【语文】强元音交替

stronghold /ˈstrɒŋhəʊld/ n.  1  a fortified place 堡垒，要塞 2  a secure refuge 安全的避难所 3  a centre of support for a cause etc. (事业等的)根据地，大本营

strong interaction n. Physics  an interaction between certain subatomic particles that is very strong but is effective only at short distances 【物理学】强相互作用

strong language n.  forceful language; swearing 强硬的措辞；咒骂

strongman /ˈstrɒŋmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  1 Polit.  a forceful leader who exercises firm control over a state, group, etc. 【政】(国家、组织等的)铁腕人物；强人 2  a performer (at a fair, circus, etc.) of feats of strength (游乐场、马戏团等中的)大力士

strong meat n. Brit.  a doctrine or action acceptable only to vigorous or instructed minds [英]难以接受的说法(或做法)

strong-minded adj.  having determination 意志坚强的；固执己见的 □ strong-mindedness  n.  

strong point n.  1  a thing at which one excels 优点，长处 2  a specially fortified defensive position 据点；要塞

strongroom /ˈstrɒŋru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room designed to protect valuables against fire and theft 保险库

strong stomach n.  a stomach not easily affected by nausea (不易恶心反胃的)强胃

strong suit n.  1  a suit at cards in which one can take tricks 一手同花大牌 2  a thing at which one excels 特长，专长

strontia /ˈstrɒnʃ(i)ə/ n. Chem.  strontium oxide 【化】氧化锶 [strontian, native strontium carbonate from Strontian in the Highland Region of Scotland, where it was discovered]

strontium /ˈstrɒntiəm, ˈstrɒnʃ(i)əm/ n. Chem.  a soft silver-white metallic element occurring naturally in various minerals (symbol 符 Sr) 【化】(化学元素)锶 [STRONTIA + -IUM]

strontium-90 n.  a radioactive isotope of strontium concentrated selectively in bones and teeth when taken into the body 锶 90(锶的一种放射性同位素，进入人体后主要集中在骨骼与牙齿中)

strontium oxide n.  a white compound used in the manufacture of fireworks 氧化锶(制作焰火时用的一种白色化合物)

strop /strɒp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device, esp. a strip of leather, for sharpening razors 革砥，磨剃刀皮带 2 Naut.  a collar of leather or spliced rope or iron used for handling cargo 【海】(搬运货物用的)环索，带索 ●v. tr. (stropped, stropping)  sharpen on or with a strop 在革砥上磨(剃刀) [Middle English via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German strop, Old High German strupf from West Germanic, from Latin stroppus]

strophanthin /strə(ʊ)ˈfænθin/ n.  any of a group of poisonous glycosides obtained from African trees of the genera Strophanthus and Acokanthera and used as heart stimulants 羊角拗质(一种有毒的糖苷或糖苷混合物，取自产于非洲的羊角拗属树，用作强心剂) [modern Latin strophanthus, from Greek strophos ‘twisted cord’ + anthos ‘flower’ (referring to the long segments of the corolla)]

strophe /ˈstrəʊfi/ n.  1  a  a turn in dancing made by an ancient Greek chorus (古希腊戏剧中)歌咏队从右向左的回舞b  lines recited during this 从右向左回舞时唱的颂歌c  the first section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it (古希腊颂歌中的)第一诗节 2  a group of lines forming a section of a lyric poem (抒情诗的)诗节 □ strophic  adj.   [Greek strophē, literally ‘turning’, from strephō ‘turn’]

stroppy /ˈstrɒpi/ adj. (stroppier, stroppiest) Brit. colloq.  bad-tempered; awkward to deal with [英口]脾气坏的；难对付的 □ stroppily  adv.  □ stroppiness  n.   [20th c.: perhaps abbreviation of OBSTREPEROUS]

strove past  of STRIVE  

strow /strəʊ/ v. tr. (past part. strown /strəʊn/ or strowed) archaic [古义]  = STREW  [variant of STREW]

struck past and past part.  of STRIKE 

structural /ˈstrʌktʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  of, concerning, or having a structure 建筑(上)的；建筑用的；结构(上)的；构造(上)的 □ structurally  adv.  

structural engineering n.  the branch of civil engineering concerned with large modern buildings etc. 结构工程学

structural formula n. Chem.  a formula showing the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound 【化】(表现某化合物分子中原子排列的)结构式

structuralism /ˈstrʌktʃ(ə)r(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the doctrine that structure rather than function is important 结构主义(认为结构比功能更为重要的学说) 2  structural linguistics 结构语言学 3  structural psychology 构造心理学 □ structuralist  n. & adj.  

structural linguistics n.  the study of language as a system of interrelated elements 结构语言学(将语言当作一个各种成分相互关连的系统来研究的学科)

structural psychology n.  the study of the arrangement and composition of mental states and conscious experiences 构造心理学(研究精神状态和意识经历的排列和构成的学科)

structural steel n.  strong mild steel in shapes suited to construction work (适用于建筑的)结构钢，型钢

structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a whole constructed unit, esp. a building 构造物(尤指建筑物)b  the way in which a building etc. is constructed (建筑物等的)构造  has a flimsy structure  不牢固的构造 2  a set of interconnecting parts of any complex thing; a framework 结构；组织；体系；框架  the structure of a sentence  句子结构 a new wages structure  新的工资结构 ●v. tr.  give structure to; organize; frame 建造；组织；构成 □ structured  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ structureless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French structure or Latin structura, from struere struct- ‘build’]

strudel /ˈstru:d(ə)l, ˈʃtru:-/ n.  a confection of thin pastry rolled up round a filling and baked 果馅卷  apple strudel  苹果馅卷 [German]

struggle /ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction 挣扎 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  make violent or determined efforts under difficulties; strive hard 奋斗，努力；拼搏  struggled for supremacy  争夺霸权 struggled to get the words out  竭力把话说出来 3 (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  contend; fight strenuously 竞争；斗争，搏斗  struggled with the disease  与疾病作斗争 struggled against superior numbers  与优势兵力抗争 4 (foll. by 后跟 along, up, etc.)  make one's way with difficulty 艰难地(朝某方向)行进  struggled to my feet  奋力站起来 5 (esp. as 尤作 struggling adj.)  have difficulty in gaining recognition or a living (为了声名或生计而)艰难奋斗  a struggling artist  艰难挣扎的艺术家 ●n.  1  the act or a spell of struggling 挣扎 2  a hard or confused contest 斗争；竞争 3  a determined effort under difficulties 奋斗，努力 □ the struggle for existence (or life)   the competition between organisms esp. as an element in natural selection, or between persons seeking a livelihood (尤指作为自然选择的一部分或人与人之间为了生计的)生存竞争□ struggler  n.   [Middle English strugle, frequentative of uncertain origin (perhaps imitative)]

strum /strʌm/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (strummed, strumming)  1  play on (a stringed or keyboard instrument), esp. carelessly or unskilfully (尤指漫不经心或笨拙地)弹奏(弦乐器或键盘乐器) 2  play (a tune etc.) in this way (漫不经心或笨拙地)弹出(乐曲等) ●n.  1  the sound made by strumming (漫不经心或不熟练的)弹拨声 2  an instance or spell of strumming (漫不经心或不熟练的)弹拨 □ strummer  n.   [imitative: cf. THRUM1]

struma /ˈstru:mə/ n. (pl. strumae /-mi:/)  1 Med. 【医】  a  = SCROFULA b  = GOITRE  2 Bot.  a cushion-like swelling of an organ 【植】(器官的)垫状膨大 □ strumose  adj.  □ strumous  adj.   [Latin, = scrofulous tumour]

strumpet /ˈstrʌmpit/ n. archaic or literary  a prostitute [古义] [文学用语]妓女 [Middle English: origin unknown]

strung past and past part.  of STRING 

strut /strʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist compression 支柱；支杆；对角撑；压杆；轨撑 2  a strutting gait 高视阔步的步态 ●v. (strutted, strutting)  1 intr.  walk with a pompous or affected stiff erect gait 高视阔步，趾高气扬地走 2 tr.  brace with a strut or struts 用支柱(或支杆等)支撑 □ strutter  n.  □ struttingly  adv.   [Old English strūtian ‘protrude stiffly’, from Germanic]

struth var.  of STREWTH  STREWTH 的变体

struthious /ˈstru:θiəs/ adj.  of or like an ostrich 鸵鸟类的；似鸵鸟的 [Latin struthio ‘ostrich’]

strychnine /ˈstrikni:n, -in/ n.  a bitter and highly poisonous vegetable alkaloid obtained from plants of the genus Strychnos (esp. nux vomica), occasionally used as a stimulant 马钱子碱(一种味苦极毒的植物碱，取自马钱子及相关植物，有时用作兴奋剂) □ strychnic  adj.   [French via Latin strychnos from Greek strukhnos, a kind of nightshade]

Sts abbr. [缩略]  Saints 

Stuart /ˈstju:ət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the royal family ruling Scotland 1371 － 1714 and Britain 1603 － 1649 and 1660 － 1714 斯图亚特王室的；与斯图亚特王室相关的(从 1371 至 1714 年间统治苏格兰，从 1603 至 1649 及 1660 至 1714 年间统治不列颠) ●n.  a member of this family 斯图亚特王室成员

stub /stʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the remnant of a pencil or cigarette etc. after use 铅笔头；烟蒂 2  the counterfoil of a cheque or receipt etc. (支票或收据等的)存根 3  a stunted tail etc. 短尾等 4  the stump of a tree, tooth, etc. 树桩，残根(或残牙等) 5 (作 attrib.)  going only part of the way through 短而粗的  stub-mortise  短粗榫眼 stub-tenon  短粗榫 ●v. tr. (stubbed, stubbing)  1  strike (one's toe) against something 使(脚趾)踢碰 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  extinguish (a lighted cigarette) by pressing the lighted end against something 掐灭(燃着的香烟) 3 (foll. by 后跟 up)  grub up by the roots 连根拔除 4  clear (land) of tree stumps etc. 清除(地)里的树桩(或残根等) [Old English stub, stubb, from Germanic]

stub-axle n.  an axle supporting only one wheel of a pair 短轴

stubble /ˈstʌb(ə)l/ n.  1  the cut stalks of cereal plants left sticking up after the harvest (谷物收割后遗留的)残株，茬 2  a  cropped hair or a cropped beard 发茬；胡须茬b  a short growth of unshaven hair 短发；短胡须 □ stubbled  adj.  □ stubbly  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French stuble, Old French estuble from Latin stupla, stupula, variants of stipula ‘straw’]

stubborn /ˈstʌbən/ adj.  1  unreasonably obstinate 顽固的，执拗的 2  unyielding, obdurate, inflexible 顽强的，坚决的 3  refractory, intractable 难驾驭的；难对付的 □ stubbornly  adj.  □ stubbornness  /ˈstʌbənnis/ n.   [Middle English stiborn, stoburn, etc., of unknown origin]

stubby /ˈstʌbi/ adj. & n. ●adj. (stubbier, stubbiest)  short and thick 短粗的；矮壮的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Austral. colloq.  a small squat bottle of beer [澳口]矮墩墩的小啤酒瓶 □ stubbily  adv.  □ stubbiness  n.  

stucco /ˈstʌkəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  plaster or cement used for coating wall surfaces or moulding into architectural decorations (刷墙用的)灰泥；(建筑物装饰用的)粉饰灰泥 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  coat with stucco 粉刷，拉毛粉饰 [Italian, of Germanic origin]

stuck past and past part.  of STICK2 

stuck-up adj. colloq.  affectedly superior and aloof, snobbish [口]自命不凡的；势利的

stud1 /stʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large-headed nail, boss, or knob, projecting from a surface esp. for ornament (尤指装饰用的)大头钉，饰钉，嵌钉 2  a small piece of jewellery for wearing in pierced ears or nostrils (戴在耳、鼻上的)螺栓式宝石饰物 3  a double button, esp. for use with two buttonholes in a shirt-front (尤指衬衫前襟上的)饰纽 4  a small object projecting slightly from a road surface as a marker etc. (路面上作标识等的)反光路钉 5  a rivet or crosspiece in each link of a chain cable (链环上的)铆钉，横钉 6  a  a post to which laths, plasterboard, etc., are nailed 板墙筋，壁骨b US  the height of a room as indicated by the length of this [美] (房间的)净高 ●v. tr. (studded, studding)  1  set with or as with studs 用饰钉(或嵌钉等)装饰；在…上钉饰钉(或嵌钉等) 2 (as 作 studded adj.) (foll. by 后跟 with)  thickly set or strewn 装饰，点缀  studded with diamonds  镶有许多宝石 3  be scattered over or about (a surface) 使散布于(表面) [Old English studu, stuthu ‘post, prop’: related to German stützen ‘to prop’]

stud2 /stʌd/ n.  1  a  a number of horses kept for breeding etc. 种马群；畜群b  a place where these are kept 种马场；种畜场 2 (in full 全称 stud-horse)  a stallion 种马 3 colloq.  a young man (esp. one noted for sexual prowess) [口] (尤指乱搞性关系的)男青年 4 (in full 全称 stud poker)  a form of poker with betting after the dealing of successive rounds of cards face up 明扑克，种马扑克(一种扑克牌戏，连续发明牌后即作拼赌) □ at stud  (of a male horse) publicly available for breeding on payment of a fee (公马)租出配种 [Old English stōd from Germanic: related to STAND]

stud-book n.  a book containing the pedigrees of horses 马匹良种登记册

studding /ˈstʌdiŋ/ n.  the woodwork of a lath-and-plaster wall 板墙筋

studding-sail /ˈstʌdiŋseil, Naut. [海] ˈstʌns(ə)l/ n.  a sail set on a small extra yard and boom beyond the leech of a square sail in light winds (风小时用的)辅助帆，翼帆 [16th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch stōtinge ‘a thrusting’]

student /ˈstju:d(ə)nt/ n.  1  a  a person who is studying, esp. at university or another place of higher education (尤指大学或高等院校的)学生b N. Amer.  a school pupil [北美] (中学的)学生 2 (作 attrib.)  studying in order to become 实习的  a student nurse  实习护士 3  a person of studious habits 学者，研究者 □ studentship  n. Brit. [英]   [Middle English from Latin studēre, from studium STUDY]

stud farm n.  a place where horses are bred 种马场

stud-horse  see 见 STUD2 2 

studio /ˈstju:diəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  the workroom of a painter or photographer etc. (画家的)画室；(摄影师的)摄影室 2  a place where cinema films or recordings are made or where television or radio programmes are made or produced (电影、电视、广播的)电影制片厂；电影摄影棚；录音室；演播室；播音室 [Italian from Latin (as STUDY)]

studio couch n.  a couch that can be converted into a bed 坐卧两用长沙发

studio flat n. Brit.  a flat containing a room suitable as an artist's studio, or only one main room [英] (适合作为艺术家工作间的)单间公寓房

studious /ˈstju:diəs/ adj.  1  devoted to or assiduous in study or reading 勤奋的，用功的 2  studied, deliberate, painstaking 小心的；仔细的；故意的  with studious care  小心翼翼 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin. or in + verbal noun)  showing care or attention 专心致志的 4 (foll. by 后跟 of + verbal noun)  anxiously desirous 热切渴望的 □ studiously  adv.  □ studiousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin studiosus (as STUDY)]

stud poker  see 见 STUD2 4 

study /ˈstʌdi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the devotion of time and attention to acquiring information or knowledge, esp. from books 学习；攻读(尤指从书本上获得信息和知识) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the pursuit of academic knowledge 学业  continued their studies abroad  继续他们在海外的学业 3  a room used for reading, writing, etc. 书房，书斋 4  a piece of work, esp. a drawing, done for practice or as an experiment (尤指绘画等的)习作  a study of a head  一幅头像习作 5  the portrayal in literature or another art form of an aspect of behaviour or character etc. (文学或其他艺术中描绘某种行为或性格等的)专题习作作品 6  a musical composition designed to develop a player's skill 练习曲 7  a thing worth observing closely 值得仔细观察的事物  your face was a study  你的脸真有意思 8  a thing that is or deserves to be investigated 研究对象，课题 9 Theatr. 【戏】  a  the act of memorizing a role 背台词b  a person who memorizes a role 背台词的演员 10 archaic  a thing to be secured by pains or attention [古义]费神费力得到的东西 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  make a study of; investigate or examine (a subject) 学习；攻读；研读(某学科)  study law  攻读法律 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  apply oneself to study 学习；求学 3 tr.  scrutinize or earnestly contemplate 研究；细察  studied their faces  端详他们的脸 studied the problem  研究这个问题 4 tr.  try to learn (the words of one's role etc.) 记住；背诵(某角色的台词) 5 tr.  take pains to achieve (a result) or pay regard to (a subject or principle etc.) 为…尽力；为…费心思 6 tr. (as 作 studied adj.)  deliberate, intentional, affected 故意的，有意的；刻意的  with studied politeness  带着刻意的礼貌 7 tr.  read (a book) attentively 全神贯注地阅读(书本) 8 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) archaic [古义]  a  be on the watch 提防b  try constantly to manage 不断努力 □ in a brown study   in a reverie; absorbed in one's thoughts 默想；沉思□ make a study of   investigate carefully 研究；调查□ studiedly  adv.  □ studiedness  n.   [Middle English via Old French estudie from Latin studium ‘zeal, study’]

study-bedroom n.  a room serving both as a bedroom and as a study, esp. as student accommodation 书房兼卧室(尤指学生宿舍)

study group n.  a group of people meeting from time to time to study a particular subject or topic (某个课题或专题的)研究小组

stuff /stʌf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the material that a thing is made of; material that may be used for some purpose 原料；材料；素材 2  a substance or things or belongings of an indeterminate kind or a quality not needing to be specified (不必详细说明的)东西  there's a lot of stuff about it in the newspapers  关于这个报纸上登了不少东西 3  a particular knowledge or activity 专门知识；特长  know one's stuff  精通业务 4 Brit.  woollen fabric (esp. as distinct from silk, cotton, and linen) [英] (尤指区别于丝绸、棉、亚麻的)毛料 5  valueless matter, trash, refuse, nonsense 废物；废话  take that stuff away  把那破烂拿走 6 (prec. by 前接 the)  a colloq.  an available supply of something, esp. drink or drugs [口] (尤指供应的)饮料或毒品b slang  money [俚语]钱 ●v.  1 tr.  pack (a receptacle) tightly 把(容器)填满  stuff a cushion with feathers  用羽毛填充靠垫 a head stuffed with weird notions  充满古怪想法的头脑 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  force or cram (a thing) 把…填入，把…塞入  stuffed the socks in the drawer  把袜子塞进抽屉里 3 tr.  fill out the skin of (an animal or bird etc.) with material to restore the original shape 填塞(兽或鸟等的)皮以作标本  a stuffed owl  制成标本的猫头鹰 4 tr.  fill (poultry etc.) with a savoury or sweet mixture, esp. before cooking (尤指在烹饪前)把填料(或佐料等)塞入(鸡、鸭等) 5  a tr. & refl.  fill (a person or oneself) with food 使吃得很饱b tr. & intr.  eat greedily 狼吞虎咽 6 tr.  push, esp. hastily or clumsily (尤指匆匆地或胡乱地)塞放  stuffed the note behind the cushion  急忙把字条塞到靠垫后面 7 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 up)  block up (a person's nose etc.) 塞住，堵住(鼻子等) 8 tr. slang (esp. as an expression of contemptuous dismissal) dispose of as unwanted [俚语] (尤用以表示轻蔑的处理)处理掉，丢掉  you can stuff the job  你可以把那个工作一脚踹了 9 tr. N. Amer.  place bogus votes in (a ballot box) [北美]把伪票投入(票箱) 10 tr. Brit. coarse slang offens.  have sexual intercourse with (a woman) [英] [粗俗俚语] [冒犯]与(女人)性交 □ bit of stuff  Brit. slang offens.  a woman regarded as an object of sexual desire [英] [俚语] [冒犯]风骚娘们□ do one's stuff  colloq.  do what one has to [口]做分内的事□ get stuffed  Brit. slang  an exclamation of dismissal, contempt, etc. [英] [俚语]滚开，去你的(表示打发、蔑视等的用语)□ stuff and nonsense  Brit.  an exclamation of incredulity or ridicule [英]胡说八道，废话(表示不相信或嘲笑的用语)□ stuff it  slang  an expression of rejection or disdain [俚语]讨厌的东西(表示拒绝或蔑视的用语)□ that's the stuff  colloq.  that is what is wanted [口]这就对啦□ stuffer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English stoffe from Old French estoffe (n.), estoffer (v.) ‘equip, furnish’ from Greek stuphō ‘draw together’]

stuffed shirt n. colloq.  a pompous person [口]妄自尊大的人

stuff gown n. Brit.  a gown worn by a barrister who has not taken silk [英] (未成为王室律师的普通律师所穿的)毛料礼服

stuffing /ˈstʌfiŋ/ n.  1  padding used to stuff cushions etc. (填充垫子等的)填塞物 2  a mixture used to stuff poultry etc., esp. before cooking (尤指烹制前填入鸡、鸭等腔内的)填料 □ knock (or take) the stuffing out of  colloq.  make feeble or weak; defeat [口]挫败…的锐气；使…一蹶不振

stuffing box n.  a box packed with material, to allow the working of an axle while remaining airtight 填料箱，填料函

stuffy /ˈstʌfi/ adj. (stuffier, stuffiest)  1 (of a room or the atmosphere in it) lacking fresh air or ventilation; close (房间或房间里的空气)不通气的；闷的 2  dull or uninteresting 沉闷的；乏味的 3 (of a person's nose etc.) stuffed up (鼻子等)塞的 4 (of a person) dull and conventional (人)古板的，守旧的 □ stuffily  adv.  □ stuffiness  n.  

stultify /ˈstʌltifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make ineffective, useless, or futile, esp. as a result of tedious routine (尤指由于长期单调乏味或成例行公事而)使无效，使变得无用  stultifying boredom  令人呆滞的乏味 2  cause to appear foolish or absurd 使显得愚蠢，使显得荒谬 3  negate or neutralize 取消；抵消 □ stultification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ stultifier  n.   [Late Latin stultificare from Latin stultus ‘foolish’]

stum /stʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  unfermented grape juice; must 未发酵(或半发酵)的葡萄汁 ●v. tr. (stummed, stumming)  1  prevent from fermenting, or secure (wine) against further fermentation in a cask, by the use of sulphur etc. (加硫等)使(新葡萄酒)停止发酵 2  renew the fermentation of (wine) by adding stum (加入未发酵的葡萄汁)使(旧葡萄酒)重新发酵 [Dutch stommen (v.), stom (n.) from stom (adj.) ‘dumb’]

stumble /ˈstʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  lurch forward or have a partial fall from catching or striking or misplacing one's foot 绊脚；绊跌，绊倒 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 along)  walk with repeated stumbles 跌跌撞撞地走；蹒跚而行 3  make a mistake or repeated mistakes in speaking etc. 结结巴巴地说 4 (foll. by 后跟 on, upon, across)  find or encounter by chance 偶然发现；偶然碰到  stumbled on a disused well  意外地发现一口废井 ●n.  an act of stumbling 绊脚；绊跌，绊倒 □ stumbler  n.  □ stumblingly  adv.   [Middle English stumble (with euphonic b), corresponding to Norwegian stumla: related to STAMMER]

stumblebum /ˈstʌmb(ə)lbʌm/ n. US colloq.  a clumsy or inept person [美口]笨手笨脚的人；无用的人

stumbling block n.  an obstacle or circumstance causing difficulty or hesitation 障碍物；绊脚石

stumer /ˈstju:mə/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  a worthless cheque; a counterfeit coin or note 假支票；伪币，伪钞 2  a sham or fraud 赝品；假货 3  a failure 失败 [19th c.: origin unknown]

stump /stʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the projecting remnant of a cut or fallen tree 树墩，树桩 2  the similar remnant of anything else (e.g. a branch or limb) cut off or worn down 残株；根茬；残肢；残余部分 3 Cricket  each of the three uprights of a wicket 【板球】(三柱门的)柱 4 (in pl. 用复数) joc.  the legs [诙]腿 5  the stump of a tree, or other place, used by an orator to address a meeting (演讲者进行演说的)讲台 6  a cylinder of rolled paper or other material with conical ends for softening pencil marks and other uses in drawing (绘画时可用以擦出色调层次的)擦笔 ●v.  1 tr. (of a question etc.) be too hard for; puzzle (问题等)使为难，把…难住 2 tr. (as 作 stumped adj.)  at a loss; baffled 迷惑的；困惑的 3 tr. Cricket (esp. of a wicketkeeper) put (a batsman) out by touching the stumps with the ball while the batsman is out of the crease 【板球】(尤指三柱门守门员接住球并以球击中三柱门)使(击球员)出局 4 intr.  walk stiffly or noisily as on a wooden leg (像装着假腿一样)僵直(或脚步沉重)地行走 5 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) US  traverse (a district) making political speeches [美]在(某地)作巡回政治演说 6 tr.  use a stump on (a drawing, line, etc.) 用擦笔擦出(图画、线条等的)色调层次 □ on the stump  colloq.  engaged in political speech-making or agitation [口]作巡回政治演说(或游说)□ stump up  Brit. colloq.  pay or produce (the money required) [英口]支付，拿出(所需的钱)□ up a stump  US  in difficulties [美]处于困境 [Middle English stompe from Middle Dutch stomp, Old High German stumpf]

stumper /ˈstʌmpə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a puzzling question 疑难问题 2  a wicketkeeper 三柱门的守门员(即捕手)

stumpy /ˈstʌmpi/ adj. (stumpier, stumpiest)  short and thick 粗短的；矮胖的 □ stumpily  adv.  □ stumpiness  n.  

stun /stʌn/ v. tr. (stunned, stunning)  1  knock senseless; stupefy 把…打昏；使昏迷 2  bewilder or shock 使震惊；使目瞪口呆 3 (of a sound) deafen temporarily (声音)把…震聋 [Middle English from Old French estoner ASTONISH]

stung past and past part.  of STING 

stun gun n.  a gun which stuns through an electric shock, ultrasound, etc., without causing serious injury 眩晕枪(一种通过产生电击、发射超声波等使人眩晕迷茫但不造成严重伤害的防暴枪)

stunk past and past part.  of STINK 

stunner /ˈstʌnə/ n. colloq.  a stunning person or thing [口]令人震惊的人(或事)

stunning /ˈstʌniŋ/ adj. colloq.  extremely impressive or attractive [口]极令人难忘的；极其吸引人的 □ stunningly  adv.  

stunsail /ˈstʌns(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 stuns'l)  = STUDDING-SAIL 

stunt1 /stʌnt/ v. tr.  1  retard the growth or development of 阻碍生长；妨碍发展 2  dwarf, cramp 阻止，妨碍 □ stuntedness  n.   [Old English stunt ‘foolish’ (now dialect) from Germanic: perhaps related to STUMP]

stunt2 /stʌnt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  something unusual done to attract attention 意在引人注意的举动 2  a trick or daring manoeuvre 绝技；惊险动作，特技 3  a display of concentrated energy 绝技表演，特技表演；惊人的表演 ●v. intr.  perform stunts, esp. aerobatics 表演绝技，表演特技(尤指杂技) [origin unknown: first used in 19th-c. US college athletics]

stuntman /ˈstʌntmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a man employed to take an actor's place in performing dangerous stunts (表演危险动作时作替身的)特技演员

stupa /ˈstu:pə/ n.  a round usu. domed building erected as a Buddhist shrine 佛塔，浮屠 [Sanskrit stūpa]

stupe1 /stju:p/ n. & v. ●n.  a flannel etc. soaked in hot water, wrung out, and applied as a fomentation 热敷布 ●v. tr.  treat with this 热敷 [Middle English via Latin from Greek stupē ‘tow’]

stupe2 /stju:p/ n. slang  a foolish or stupid person [俚语]笨蛋，傻瓜

stupefy /ˈstju:pifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  make stupid or insensible 使茫然；使麻木；使失去知觉  stupefied with drink  醉得迷迷糊糊 2  stun with astonishment 使惊愕，使震惊  the news was stupefying  这个消息令人震惊 □ stupefacient  /-ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & n.  □ stupefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ stupefier  n.  □ stupefying  adj.  □ stupefyingly  adv.   [French stupéfier from Latin stupefacere, from stupēre ‘be amazed’]

stupendous /stju:ˈpendəs/ adj.  amazing or prodigious, esp. in terms of size or degree (尤指尺寸或程度)惊人的，巨大的  a stupendous achievement  惊人的成就 □ stupendously  adv.  □ stupendousness  n.   [Latin stupendus, gerundive of stupēre ‘be amazed at’]

stupid /ˈstju:pid/ adj. & n. ●adj. (stupider, stupidest)  1  unintelligent, slow-witted, foolish 愚蠢的，迟钝的，笨的  a stupid fellow  笨蛋 2  typical of stupid persons 蠢人做出的；傻瓜才如此的  put it in a stupid place  放在一个傻瓜才会放的地方 3  uninteresting or boring 无聊的，乏味的 4  in a state of stupor or lethargy 恍惚的，迷糊的 5  obtuse; lacking in sensibility 麻木的；感觉迟钝的 6 colloq.  a general term of disparagement [口] (用以表示轻蔑的用语)愚蠢的，无聊的  all you do is read your stupid books  你所做的就是看你那些无聊的书 ●n. colloq.  a stupid person [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ stupidity  /-ˈpiditi/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ stupidly  adv.   [French stupide or Latin stupidus (as STUPENDOUS)]

stupor /ˈstju:pə/ n.  a dazed, torpid, or helplessly amazed state 昏迷；麻木；恍惚 □ stuporous  adj.   [Middle English from Latin (as STUPENDOUS)]

sturdy /ˈstɜ:di/ adj. & n. ●adj. (sturdier, sturdiest)  1  robust; strongly built 强壮的；结实的 2  vigorous and determined 坚定的，刚毅的  sturdy resistance  坚决的抵抗 ●n.  vertigo in sheep caused by a tapeworm larva encysted in the brain 家畜晕倒病 □ sturdied  adj. (in sense of n. 用于名词释义)  □ sturdily  adv.  □ sturdiness  n.   [Middle English, in the sense ‘reckless, violent’, from Old French esturdi, estourdi, past part. of estourdir ‘stun, daze’, ultimately from Latin ex EX-1 + turdus ‘thrush’ (taken as a type of drunkenness)]

sturgeon /ˈstɜ:dʒ(ə)n/ n.  any large mailed sharklike fish of the family Acipenseridae etc. swimming upriver to spawn, used as food and a source of caviar and isinglass 鲟(一种长有硬鳞的形似鲨鱼的大鱼，通常洄游产卵，可食用，并制鱼子酱和鱼胶) [Middle English from Anglo-French sturgeon, Old French esturgeon, ultimately from Germanic]

Sturm und Drang /ʃtʊəm ʊnt ˈdræŋ, 德 ʃtʊrm ʊnt ˈdræŋ/ n.  a literary and artistic movement in Germany in the late 18th c., characterized by the expression of emotional unrest and strong feeling 狂飙运动 (18 世纪后期德国浪漫主义文艺运动，特点是在作品中表达情感的动荡和强烈的感情) [German, = storm and stress]

stutter /ˈstʌtə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  stammer, esp. by involuntarily repeating the first consonants of words 口吃，结结巴巴地说(尤指不自觉地重复单词的第一个辅音) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter (words) in this way 结结巴巴地说出 ●n.  1  the act or habit of stuttering 结巴，口吃 2  an instance of stuttering 结结巴巴的话(或响声) □ stutterer  n.  □ stutteringly  adv.   [frequentative of Middle English (now dialect) stut, from Germanic]

St Vincent and the Grenadines   圣文森特和格林纳丁斯

St Vitus's dance /ˈvaitəsiz/ n.  = SYDENHAM'S CHOREA  [so named because a visit to the saint's shrine was believed to alleviate the disease]

sty1 /stai/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. sties)  1  a pen or enclosure for pigs 猪圈，猪栏 2  a filthy room or dwelling 肮脏的房间(或住所) 3  a place of debauchery 纵情声色的场所 ●v. tr. & intr. (sties, stied)  lodge in a sty 住在猪圈里；(使)住在肮脏的地方 [Old English stī, probably = stig ‘hall’ (cf. STEWARD), from Germanic]

sty2 /stai/ n. (also 亦作 stye) (pl. sties or styes)  an inflamed swelling on the edge of an eyelid 睑腺炎，麦粒肿 [styany (now dialect) = styan eye from Old English stīgend ‘sty’ (literally ‘riser’ from stīgan ‘rise’) + EYE, shortened as if = sty on eye]

Stygian /ˈstidʒiən/ adj.  1 (in Greek mythology) of or relating to the Styx, a river in Hades (希腊神话中的)冥河的；与冥河有关的 2 literary  dark, gloomy, indistinct [文学用语]黑暗的；阴森的；模糊的 [Latin stugius from Greek stugios, via Stux -ugos ‘Styx’ from stugnos ‘hateful, gloomy’]

style /stail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a kind or sort, esp. in regard to appearance and form (尤指外表和形状的)样式；类型  an elegant style of house  样式雅致的房子 2  a manner of writing or speaking or performing (写作、说话或表演的)风格  written in a florid style  文体华丽 started off in fine style  以雅致的风格开场 3  the distinctive manner of a person or school or period, esp. in relation to painting, architecture, furniture, dress, etc. (人的)风度，仪态；(某个学派或时代的)样式(尤指绘画、建筑、家具、服装等) 4  the correct way of designating a person or thing 称谓，称号 5  a  a superior quality or manner 气派，气度  do it in style  把它做得体面堂皇b  = FORMn. 9  6  a particular make, shape, or pattern 型号；式样  in all sizes and styles  各种尺寸和式样 7  a method of reckoning dates 历法  Old Style  旧历法 New Style  新历法 8  a  an ancient writing implement, a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on wax-covered tablets and a blunt end for obliterating them (古人在蜡版上写字用的)尖笔b  a thing of a similar shape esp. for engraving, tracing, etc. (尤指雕刻或描图等用的)尖笔 9  the gnomon of a sundial (日晷的)指针 10 Bot.  the narrow extension of the ovary supporting the stigma 【植】花柱 11 Zool.  a small slender pointed appendage 【动】茎突 ●v. tr.  1  design or make etc. in a particular (esp. fashionable) style (尤指时尚的)设计(或制作等) 2  designate in a specified way 称呼，叫 □ styleless  adj.  □ stylelessness  n.  □ styler  n.   [Middle English via Old French stile, style from Latin stilus: spelling style due to association with Greek stulos ‘column’]

-style /stail/ suffix  forming adjectives and adverbs with the sense ‘in a manner characteristic of’ (peasant-style clothing 农民式衣着 ; Japanese-style food 日式食品 ; a revolution British-style 英式革命) (构成形容词和副词)…式样的(地)；…式的(地)■Usage 用法说明 The usage illustrated by the third example given above, with the noun coming first, is somewhat informal. 第三例所示用法，即名词在前的用法，为非正式用法。 

stylet /ˈstailit/ n.  1  a slender pointed instrument; a stiletto 小尖刀，匕首 2 Med.  the stiffening wire of a catheter; a probe 【医】细探子；管心 3 Zool.  a small style, esp. a piercing mouthpart of an insect 【动】(尤指昆虫的)口针；螫针 [French stilet from Italian STILETTO]

styli pl.  of STYLUS  

stylish /ˈstailiʃ/ adj.  1  fashionable; elegant 时髦的；漂亮的 2  having a superior quality, manner, etc. 高雅的，有格调的 □ stylishly  adv.  □ stylishness  n.  

stylist /ˈstailist/ n.  1  a  a designer of fashionable styles etc. 时新式样设计师；时装设计者b  a hairdresser 发型师 2  a  a writer noted for or aspiring to good literary style (作家)具有独特风格者，自成流派者b (in sport or music) a person who performs with style (运动员或音乐家当中)风格优雅的人

stylistic /staiˈlistik/ adj.  of or concerning esp. literary style 风格的；与风格相关的；(尤指)文体的；与文体相关的 □ stylistically  adv.   [STYLIST + -IC, suggested by German stilistisch]

stylistics /staiˈlistiks/ n.  the study of literary style 文体学

stylite /ˈstailait/ n. Eccl. hist.  an ancient or medieval ascetic living on top of a pillar 【教会】[史义] (古代或中世纪住在高柱顶上苦修的)高柱修士 [ecclesiastical Greek stulitēs from stulos ‘pillar’]

stylize /ˈstailaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (esp. as 尤作 stylized adj.)  paint, draw, etc. (a subject) in a conventional non-realistic style (绘画、描写等)使程式化，使因袭某种风格 □ stylization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [STYLE + -IZE, suggested by German stilisieren]

stylo /ˈstailəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  = STYLOGRAPH  [abbreviation]

stylobate /ˈstailəbeit/ n. Archit.  a continuous base supporting a row of columns 【建】(支撑一列柱子的)柱列台座 [Latin stylobata from Greek stulobatēs, from stulos ‘pillar’, batēs ‘base’, from bainō ‘walk’]

stylograph /ˈstailəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a kind of fountain pen having a point instead of a split nib 空心锥形笔尖自来水笔 □ stylographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.   [STYLUS + -GRAPH]

styloid /ˈstailɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  resembling a stylus or pen 针状的，笔状的；尖长的 ●n. (in full 全称 styloid process)  a spine of bone, esp. that projecting from the base of the temporal bone (尤指从颞骨底部突起的)茎突 [modern Latin styloides from Greek stuloeidēs, from stulos ‘pillar’]

stylus /ˈstailəs/ n. (pl. -li /-lai, -li:/ or -luses)  1  a  a hard, esp. diamond or sapphire, point following a groove in a gramophone record and transmitting the recorded sound for reproduction (留声机的)唱针b  a similar point producing such a groove when recording sound (灌录唱片的)录音针 2  = STYLEn. 8, 9  [erroneous spelling of Latin stilus: cf. STYLE]

stymie /ˈstaimi/ n. & v. (also 亦作 stimy) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 Golf  a situation where an opponent's ball lies between the player and the hole, forming a possible obstruction to play 【高尔夫球】(对手的球介于自己的球与球穴之间的)妨碍球，阻碍球  lay a stymie  打一个妨碍球 2  a difficult situation 困境 ●v. tr. (stymies, stymied, stymying or stymieing)  1  obstruct; thwart 阻拦，阻碍 2 Golf  block (an opponent, an opponent's ball, or oneself) with a stymie 【高尔夫球】用妨碍球阻碍(对手、对手的球或自己) [19th c.: origin unknown]

styptic /ˈstiptik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug etc.) that checks bleeding (药物等)止血的 ●n.  a styptic drug or substance 止血药；止血剂 [Middle English via Latin stypticus from Greek stuptikos, from stuphō ‘to contract’]

styptic pencil n.  a stick of a styptic substance used to treat small cuts (用于治疗小伤口的)笔形止血膏，止血笔

styrax /ˈstairæks/ n.  1  storax resin 安息香脂 2  any tree or shrub of the genus Styrax, e.g. the storax tree 安息香属植物(一种树或灌木，如安息香树) [Latin from Greek sturax: cf. STORAX]

styrene /ˈstairi:n/ n. Chem.  a liquid hydrocarbon easily polymerized and used in making plastics etc. 【化】苯乙烯 [STYRAX + -ENE]

styrofoam /ˈstairəfəʊm/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a kind of expanded polystyrene [尤北美]聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料 [POLYSTYRENE + -O- + FOAM]

suable /ˈsu:əb(ə)l, ˈsju:-/ adj.  capable of being sued 可控告的，可起诉的 □ suability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

suasion /ˈsweiʒ(ə)n/ n. formal  persuasion as opposed to force [正式]劝导；说服  moral suasion  道德劝诫 □ suasive  /ˈsweisiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French suasion or Latin suasio, from suadēre suas- ‘urge’]

suave /swɑ:v/ adj.  1 (of a person, esp. a man) smooth; polite; sophisticated (尤指男子)温文的；礼貌的；周到的；讨好的 2 (of a wine etc.) bland, smooth (葡萄酒等)温和的；醇美的 □ suavely  adv.  □ suaveness  n.  □ suavity  /-viti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [French suave or Latin suavis ‘agreeable’: distantly related to SWEET]

sub /sʌb/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  1  a submarine 潜艇 2  a subscription 订阅；订购 3  a substitute 替代者；替代物 4  a sub-editor 助理编辑，副编辑 5 Mil.  a subaltern 【军】陆军中尉；海军中尉 6 Brit.  an advance or loan against expected income [英] (工资的)预支款；借支款 ●v. (subbed, subbing)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  act as a substitute for a person 作替身；替代 2 tr. Brit. colloq.  lend or advance (a sum) to (a person) against expected income [英口]预支；借支(一笔钱) 3 tr.  sub-edit (在主编指导下)编辑(稿件) [abbreviation]

sub- /sʌb, səb/ prefix (also 亦作 suc- before c, suf- before f, sug- before g, sup- before p, sur- before r, sus- before c, p, t)  1  at or to or from a lower position (subordinate 下级的，附属的 ; submerge 淹没 ; subtract 减去 ; subsoil 底土) 在…之下；低于；来自…之下 2  secondary or inferior in rank or position (subclass 亚纲 ; subcommittee 小组委员会 ; sub lieutenant 海军中尉；陆军少尉 ; subtotal 小计) 次要的；级别低的 3  somewhat, nearly; more or less (subacid 稍带酸味的 ; subarctic 亚北极(区)的 ; subaquatic 半水生的) 亚于，近于 4 (forming verbs) denoting secondary action (subdivide 细分 ; sub-let 转租) (构成动词)往下；进一步；再次 5  denoting support (subvention 补助金) 支持 6 Chem. (of a salt) basic (subacetate 碱式乙酸盐) 【化】(盐)碱基的 [from or suggested by Latin sub- from sub ‘under, close to, towards’]

subabdominal /sʌbæbˈdɒmin(ə)l/ adj.  below the abdomen 腹下的

subacid /sʌbˈæsid/ adj.  moderately acid or tart 略带酸味的；有点尖酸的  subacid fruit  略酸的水果 a subacid remark  带刺的评论 □ subacidity  /sʌbəˈsiditi/ n.   [Latin subacidus (as SUB-, ACID)]

subacute /sʌbəˈkju:t/ adj. Med. (of a condition) between acute and chronic 【医】(病情)亚急性的

subadult /sʌbˈædʌlt, sʌbəˈdʌlt/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj. (of an animal) not fully adult (动物)接近成年的 ●n.  a subadult animal 接近成年的动物

subagency /sʌbˈeidʒ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a secondary or subordinate agency 分理处，分销处，代理分行，代理分公司 □ subagent  n.  

subalpine /sʌbˈælpain/ adj.  of or situated in the higher slopes of mountains just below the timberline 亚高山带的

subaltern /ˈsʌb(ə)lt(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n. Brit. Mil.  an officer below the rank of captain, esp. a second lieutenant [英]【军】陆军中尉；海军中尉 ●adj.  1  of inferior rank 下级的；军衔低的 2 Logic (of a proposition) particular, not universal 【逻辑学】(命题)特称的 [Late Latin subalternus (as SUB-, alternus ALTERNATE adj.)]

subantarctic /ˌsʌbænˈtɑ:ktik/ adj.  of or like regions immediately north of the Antarctic Circle 亚南极(区)的

sub-aqua /sʌbˈækwə/ adj.  of or concerning underwater swimming or diving (游泳或潜水)水下的；水下运动的

subaquatic /sʌbəˈkwætik/ adj.  1  of more or less aquatic habits or kind 半水生的，半水栖的 2  underwater 水下的

subaqueous /sʌbˈeikwiəs/ adj.  1  existing, formed, or taking place under water 水下存在的；水下形成的；水下发生的 2  lacking in substance or strength; wishy-washy 空洞无物的；微弱的

subarctic /sʌbˈɑ:ktik/ adj.  of or like regions immediately south of the Arctic Circle 亚北极(区)的

subastral /sʌbˈæstr(ə)l/ adj.  terrestrial 地球的；地面上的；陆地的

subatomic /sʌbəˈtɒmik/ adj.  occurring in or smaller than an atom 原子内的；亚原子的

subaudition /sʌbɔ:ˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of mentally supplying an omitted word or words in speech 言外之意，弦外之音 2  the act or process of understanding the unexpressed; reading between the lines 领会言外之意 [Late Latin subauditio from subaudire ‘understand’ (as SUB-, AUDITION)]

subaxillary /sʌbækˈsiləri/ adj.  1 Bot.  in or growing beneath the axil 【植】腋下(生)的 2  beneath the armpit 腋下的

sub-basement /ˈsʌbbeism(ə)nt/ n.  a storey below a basement 下层地下室

sub-branch /ˈsʌbbrɑ:ntʃ/ n.  a secondary or subordinate branch (分行、分店、分公司等下设的)支行

sub-breed /ˈsʌbbri:d/ n.  a secondary or inferior breed 亚品种

subcategory /ˈsʌbkætiɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a secondary or subordinate category 亚类；子种类；子范畴 □ subcategorize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ subcategorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

subcaudal /sʌbˈkɔ:d(ə)l/ adj.  of or concerning the region under the tail or the back part of the body 尾下的；与尾下相关的

subclass /ˈsʌbklɑ:s/ n.  1  a secondary or subordinate class 基类，小类 2 Biol.  a taxonomic category below a class 【生】亚纲

sub-clause /ˈsʌbklɔ:z/ n.  1 esp. Law  a subsidiary section of a clause (尤)【法律】(条款下的)款，子项，子条款 2 Gram.  a subordinate clause 【语法】从句，从属分句

subclavian /sʌbˈkleiviən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of an artery etc.) lying or extending under the collarbone (动脉等)锁骨下的 ●n.  such an artery 锁骨下动脉(或静脉) [modern Latin subclavius (as SUB-, clavis ‘key’) : cf. CLAVICLE]

subclinical /sʌbˈklinik(ə)l/ adj. Med. (of a disease) not yet presenting definite symptoms 【医】(疾病)临床症状不显的，亚临床的

subcommittee /ˈsʌbkəmiti/ n.  a secondary committee 小组委员会，(委员会下设的)专门小组

subconical /sʌbˈkɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  approximately conical 接近(圆)锥形的

subconscious /sʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning the part of the mind which is not fully conscious but influences actions etc. 下意识的，潜意识的 ●n.  this part of the mind 下意识，潜意识 □ subconsciously  adv.  □ subconsciousness  n.  

subcontinent /sʌbˈkɒntinənt/ n.  1  a large land mass, smaller than a continent 次大陆 2  a large geographically or politically independent part of a continent (地理上或政治上独立的)次洲 □ subcontinental  /-ˈnent(ə)l/ adj.  

subcontract v. & n. ●v. /sʌbkənˈtrækt/  1 tr.  employ a firm etc. to do (work) as part of a larger project 分包，转包(工作) 2 intr.  make or carry out a subcontract 合同分包，合同转包 ●n. /sʌbˈkɒntrækt/  a secondary contract, esp. to supply materials, labour, etc. (尤指提供材料、劳力等的)分包合同，转包契约 □ subcontractor  /-ˈtræktə/ n.  

subcontrary /sʌbˈkɒntrəri/ adj. & n. Logic 【逻辑学】  ●adj. (of a proposition) incapable of being false at the same time as another (命题)小反对关系的，下反对关系的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  such a proposition 小反对关系命题，下反对关系命题 [Late Latin subcontrarius (as SUB-, CONTRARY), translation of Greek hupenantios]

subcordate /sʌbˈkɔ:deit/ adj.  approximately heart-shaped 近似心形的

subcortical /sʌbˈkɔ:tik(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  below the cortex 【解】皮质下的

subcostal /sʌbˈkɒst(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  below the ribs 【解】肋骨下的

subcranial /sʌbˈkreiniəl/ adj. Anat.  below the cranium 【解】颅下的

subcritical /sʌbˈkritik(ə)l/ adj. Physics  of less than critical mass etc. 【物理学】次临界的

subculture /ˈsʌbkʌltʃə/ n.  a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture 亚文化群(处于更大的文化背景内的一个文化群体，通常拥有与更大文化群体不同的信仰或习俗) □ subcultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  

subcutaneous /sʌbkju:ˈteiniəs/ adj.  under the skin 皮下的 □ subcutaneously  adv.  

subdeacon /sʌbˈdi:k(ə)n/ n. Eccl.  a minister of the order next below a deacon 【教会】副助祭；副执事 □ subdiaconate  /-daiˈækəneit, -daiˈækənət/ n.  

subdelirious /sʌbdiˈliriəs/ adj.  capable of becoming delirious; mildly delirious 轻度神志昏迷的；轻度谵妄的 □ subdelirium  n.  

subdivide /sʌbdiˈvaid/ v. tr. & intr.  divide again after a first division 再分，细分 [Middle English from Latin subdividere (as SUB-, DIVIDE)]

subdivision /ˈsʌbdiviʒ(ə)n, sʌbdiˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of subdividing 再分，细分 2  a secondary or subordinate division 再分后的部分；分支(或分部等) 3 N. Amer. & Austral.  an area of land divided into plots for sale [北美澳] (为便于出售而分成的)小块土地

subdominant /sʌbˈdɒminənt/ n. Mus.  the fourth note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】下属音(音阶的第四音)

subduction /səbˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. Geol.  the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate 【地质】潜没(指一个地壳板块下降到另一板块之下的运动)  subduction zone  潜没区 □ subduct  v. tr. & intr.   [Latin subduct-, stem of subucere, from SUB- + ducere ‘lead, bring’]

subdue /səbˈdju:/ v. tr. (subdues, subdued, subduing)  1  conquer, subjugate, or tame (an enemy, nature, one's emotions, etc.) 征服(敌人或自然等)；抑制(情绪等) 2 (as 作 subdued adj.)  softened; lacking in intensity; toned down 减缓；使缓和；使柔和  subdued light  柔和的灯光 in a subdued mood  情绪消沉 □ subduable  adj.  □ subdual  n.   [Middle English sodewe via Old French so(u)duire from Latin subducere (as SUB-, ducere ‘lead, bring’) used with the sense of subdere ‘conquer’ (as SUB-, -dere ‘put’)]

subdural /sʌbˈdjʊər(ə)l/ adj. Anat. & Med.  situated or occurring between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane of the brain and spinal cord 【解】【医】硬膜下的

sub-editor /sʌbˈeditə/ n.  1  an assistant editor 助理编辑，副编辑 2 Brit.  a person who edits material for printing in a book, newspaper, etc. [英]文字编辑，审稿人 □ sub-edit  v. tr. (-edited, -editing)  □ sub-editorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  

suberect /sʌbiˈrekt/ adj. (of an animal, plant, etc.) almost erect (动物或植物等)几乎直立的，接近垂直的

subereous /sju:ˈbiəriəs/ adj. (also 亦作 suberic /sju:ˈberik/, suberose /ˈsju:bərəʊs/)  1  of or concerning cork 软木的；与软木相关的 2  corky 似软木的 [Latin suber ‘cork, cork oak’]

subfamily /ˈsʌbfæmili, -m(ə)l-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Biol.  a taxonomic category below a family 【生】亚科 2  any subdivision of a group 亚群，子群

subfloor /ˈsʌbflɔ:/ n.  a foundation for a floor in a building 底层地板

subform /ˈsʌbfɔ:m/ n.  a subordinate or secondary form 从属形式，衍生形式

sub-frame n.  a supporting frame 子框架；副车架

subfusc /ˈsʌbfʌsk, sʌbˈfʌsk/ adj. & n. ●adj. formal  dull; dusky; gloomy [正式]灰暗的；暗淡的；暗黑的 ●n. Brit.  formal clothing at some universities [英] (某些大学在正式场合穿的)黑礼服 [Latin subfuscus (as SUB-, fuscus ‘dark brown’)]

subgenus /ˈsʌbdʒenəs, -dʒi:-/ n. (pl. subgenera /-ˈdʒen(ə)rə/) Biol.  a taxonomic category below a genus 【生】亚属 □ subgeneric  /-dʒiˈnerik/ adj.  

subglacial /sʌbˈɡleiʃ(ə)l, -siəl/ adj.  next to or at the bottom of a glacier 冰下的；冰川下的

sub-group /ˈsʌbɡru:p/ n. (also 亦作 Math. 【数】 subgroup)  a subdivision of a group 小小组，小团体；亚群；子群

sub-head /ˈsʌbhed/ n. (also 亦作 sub-heading)  1  a subordinate heading or title in a chapter, article, etc. 副标题，小标题 2  a subordinate division in a classification (分类中的)细目

subhuman /sʌbˈhju:mən/ adj.  1 (of an animal) closely related to man (动物)类似人的，近于人类的 2 (of behaviour, intelligence, etc.)less than human (行为、智力等)低于人类的；不及正常人的

subjacent /səbˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj.  underlying; situated below 在下面的，底下的；下方的，下侧的 [Latin subjacēre (as SUB-, jacēre ‘lie’)]

subject n., adj., adv. & v. ●n. /ˈsʌbdʒikt/  1  a  a matter, theme, etc. to be discussed, described, represented, dealt with, etc. 题目，问题；主题b (foll. by 后跟 for)  a person, circumstance, etc., giving rise to specified feeling, action, etc. (感情等的)经受者；(动作等的)对象  a subject for congratulation  值得庆贺的事 2  a department or field of study 学科，科目  his best subject is geography  他学得最好的科目是地理 3 Gram.  a noun or its equivalent about which a sentence is predicated and with which the verb agrees 【语法】主语 4  a  any person except a monarch living under a monarchy or any other form of government (君主制或其他政体形式下的)臣民；国民  the ruler and his subjects  统治者及其臣民b  any person owing obedience to another 臣服者 5 Philos. 【哲】  a  a thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, esp. as opposed to anything external to the mind (尤指有别于精神外一切事物的)主观；自我b  the central substance or core of a thing as opposed to its attributes 主体(某事物中区别于其属性的中心物质或核心) 6 Mus.  a theme of a fugue or sonata; a leading phrase or motif 【音】主题，主旨 7  a person of specified mental or physical tendencies 具有某种精神(或生理)倾向的人  a hysterical subject  歇斯底里的人 8 Logic  the part of a proposition about which a statement is made 【逻辑学】主项，主词，主概念 9 (in full 全称 subject for dissection)  a dead body 尸体 ●adj. /ˈsʌbdʒikt/  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  owing obedience to a government, colonizing power, force, etc.; in subjection 臣服的，隶属的；屈从的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  liable, exposed, or prone to 易于…的，常受…的；倾向于…的  is subject to infection  易受感染 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  conditional upon; on the assumption of 由…决定的；取决于…的  the arrangement is subject to your approval  这个安排取决于你是否同意 ●adv. /ˈsʌbdʒikt/ (foll. by 后跟 to)  conditionally upon 在…条件下  subject to your consent, I propose to try again  只要你同意，我提议再试一次 ●v. tr. /səbˈdʒekt/  1 (foll. by 后跟 to)  make liable; expose; treat 使经受；使遭受；使易受  subjected us to hours of waiting  让我们等了数小时 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  subdue (a nation, person, etc.) to one's sway etc. 使(国家、人等)臣服(或隶属、服从) □ on the subject of   concerning, about 关于；涉及□ subjection  /səbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subjectless  /ˈsʌbdʒik(t)lis/ adj.   [Middle English soget etc. via Old French suget etc. from Latin subjectus, past part. of subjicere (as SUB-, jacere ‘throw’)]

subject catalogue n.  a catalogue, esp. in a library, arranged according to the subjects treated (尤指图书馆按图书内容编制的)分类目录

subject-heading n.  a heading in an index collecting references to a subject (索引编制中的)分类类目

subjective /səbˈdʒektiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of art, literature, written history, a person's views, etc.) proceeding from personal idiosyncrasy or individuality; not impartial or literal (艺术、文学、历史文献、某人的观点等)主观的 2 esp. Philos.  proceeding from or belonging to the individual consciousness or perception; imaginary, partial, or distorted (尤)【哲】主体的 3 Gram.  of or concerning the subject 【语法】主语的；主格的 ●n. Gram.  the subjective case 【语法】主格 □ subjectively  adv.  □ subjectiveness  n.  □ subjectivity  /sʌbdʒekˈtiviti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin subjectivus (as SUBJECT)]

subjective case n. Gram.  the nominative 【语法】主格

subjectivism /səbˈdʒektiviz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth 【哲】(主张一切知识均为主观的并强调不存在外部或客观真实的)主观主义，主观论 □ subjectivist  n.  

subject matter n.  the matter treated of in a book, lawsuit, etc. (书、诉讼等的)题材；主要内容

subjoin /səbˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  add or append (an illustration, anecdote, etc.) at the end 增补，附加，添加(插图、轶事等) [obsolete French subjoindre from Latin subjungere (as SUB-, jungere junct- ‘join’)]

subjoint /ˈsʌbdʒɔint/ n.  a secondary joint (in an insect's leg etc.) (昆虫腿上的)副关节，辅助关节

subjudice /sʌbˈdʒu:disi, sʊbˈju:dikei/ adj. Law  under judicial consideration and therefore prohibited from public discussion elsewhere 【法律】在审理中的；在考虑中的，尚未裁决的 [Latin, = under a judge]

subjugate /ˈsʌbdʒʊɡeit/ v. tr.  bring into subjection; subdue; vanquish 征服；制服；克服 □ subjugable  /-ɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ subjugation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subjugator  n.   [Middle English from Late Latin subjugare ‘bring under the yoke’ (as SUB-, jugum ‘yoke’)]

subjunctive /səbˈdʒʌŋ(k)tiv/ adj. & n. Gram. 【语法】  ●adj. (of a mood) denoting what is imagined or wished or possible (e.g. 例如 : if I were you 如果我是你的话 ; God help you 愿上帝助你 ; be that as it may 即使如此，尽管那样) (语气)虚拟的 ●n.  1  the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 2  a verb in this mood 动词虚拟式 □ subjunctively  adv.   [French subjonctif -ive or Late Latin subjunctivus from Latin (as SUBJOIN), translation of Greek hupotaktikos, as being used in subjoined clauses]

subkingdom /ˈsʌbkiŋdəm/ n. Biol.  a taxonomic category below a kingdom 【生】亚界，门

sub-lease n. & v. ●n. /ˈsʌbli:s/  a lease of a property by a tenant to a subtenant (房屋、土地等的)转租，分租 ●v. tr. /sʌbˈli:s/  lease (a property) to a subtenant 转(或分)租出(不动产)

sub-lessee /sʌbleˈsi:/ n.  a person who holds a sub-lease 转租入人，分租承租人

sub-lessor /sʌbleˈsɔ:/ n.  a person who grants a sub-lease 转租出人，分租出人；二房东；二地主

sub-let n. & v. ●n. /ˈsʌblet/  1  = SUB-LEASEn.  2 colloq.  a sub-let property [口]转(或分)租的不动产 ●v. tr. /sʌbˈlet/ (-letting; past and past part. -let)  = SUB-LEASEv. 

sub lieutenant /sʌb lefˈtenənt/ n. Brit.  a naval officer ranking next below lieutenant [英]海军中尉

sublimate v., adj. & n. ●v. tr. /ˈsʌblimeit/  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  divert (the energy of a primitive impulse, esp. sexual) into a culturally higher, or socially more acceptable, activity 使(本能的精力，尤指性欲)升华 2 Chem.  convert (a substance) from the solid state directly to its vapour by heat, and usu. allow it to solidify again 【化】使(固体物质)升华 3  refine; purify; idealize 使纯化，使净化；使理想化 ●adj. /ˈsʌblimət/  1 Chem. (of a substance) sublimated 【化】(固体物质)升华的 2  purified, refined 纯化的，净化的 ●n. /ˈsʌblimət/ Chem. 【化】  1  a sublimated substance 升华物 2  = CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE  □ sublimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin sublimare sublimat- SUBLIME v.]

sublime /səˈblaim/ adj. & v. ●adj. (sublimer, sublimest)  1  of the most exalted, grand, or noble kind; awe-inspiring 高尚的，崇高的，令人崇敬的  sublime genius  卓越的天才 2 (of indifference, impudence, etc.) arrogantly unruffled; extreme (冷漠、无耻等)极端的；十足的 ●v.  1 tr. & intr. Chem. 【化】  = SUBLIMATEv. 2  2 tr.  purify or elevate by or as if by sublimation; make sublime 使净化；使升华；使崇高 3 intr.  become pure by or as if by sublimation 纯化 □ sublimely  adv.  □ sublimity  /-ˈlimiti/ n.   [Latin sublimis (as SUB-, second element perhaps related to limen ‘threshold’, limus ‘oblique’)]

Sublime Porte  see 见 PORTE 

subliminal /səˈblimin(ə)l/ adj. Psychol. (of a stimulus etc.) below the threshold of sensation or consciousness 【心】(刺激等)阈下的，下意识的，潜意识的 □ subliminally  adv.   [SUB- + Latin limen-inis ‘threshold’]

subliminal advertising n.  the use of subliminal images in advertising on television etc. to influence the viewer at an unconscious level (电视等的)速闪广告(将广告内容在观众面前一掠而过，使观众的潜意识受到冲击)

subliminal self n.  the part of one's personality outside conscious awareness 下意识的自我，潜在自我

sublingual /sʌbˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  under the tongue 舌下的 [SUB- + Latin lingua ‘tongue’]

sublittoral /sʌbˈlit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of plants, animals, deposits, etc.) living or found on the seashore just below the low water mark (动物、植物、沉积等)潮下的，浅海的 2  of or concerning the seashore 海滩的；与海滩相关的

Sub-Lt. abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  Sub Lieutenant 

sublunary /sʌbˈlu:n(ə)ri/ adj.  1  beneath the moon 月下的 2 Astron. 【天】  a  within the moon's orbit 月球轨道内的b  subject to the moon's influence 受月球影响的 3  of this world; earthly 地球上的；尘世的，世间的 [Late Latin sublunaris (as SUB-, LUNAR)]

subluxation /sʌblʌkˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  partial dislocation 【医】不全脱位，半脱位 [SUB- + Latin luxat-, past part. stem of luxare, from luxus ‘dislocated’]

sub-machine gun /sʌbməˈʃi:n ɡʌn/ n.  a hand-held lightweight machine-gun 冲锋枪，轻型自动(或半自动)枪

subman /ˈsʌbmæn/ n. (pl. -men) derog.  an inferior, brutal, or stupid man [贬]卑贱的人；野蛮的人；愚蠢的人

submarginal /sʌbˈmɑ:dʒin(ə)l/ adj.  1 esp. Econ.  not reaching minimum requirements (尤)【经】界限以下的，不到最低标准的 2 (of land) that cannot be farmed profitably (土地)贫瘠的

submarine /ˈsʌbməri:n, sʌbməˈri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a vessel, esp. a warship, capable of operating under water and usu. equipped with torpedoes, missiles, and a periscope 潜艇，潜水艇 ●adj.  existing, occurring, done, or used under the surface of the sea 水下的；海中的；海中完成的；海中使用的  submarine cable  海底电缆 □ submariner  /-ˈmærinə/ n.  

submaster /ˈsʌbmɑ:stə/ n.  an assistant master or assistant headmaster in a school 副校长

submaxillary /sʌbmækˈsiləri/ adj. (esp. of a pair of salivary glands) beneath the upper jaw (尤指唾腺)颌下的

submediant /sʌbˈmi:diənt/ n. Mus.  the sixth note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】下中音(自然音阶中的第六音级)

submental /sʌbˈment(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  beneath the chin 【解】颏下的 [Latin mentum ‘chin’]

submerge /səbˈmɜ:dʒ/ v.  1 tr.  a  place under water; flood; inundate 浸没，淹没；使浸入b  flood or inundate with work, problems, etc. (被工作、问题等)湮没 2 intr. (of a submarine, its crew, a diver, etc.) dive below the surface of water (潜水艇、潜艇人员、潜水员等)潜入水中，没入水下 □ submergence  n.  □ submergible  adj.   [Latin submergere (as SUB-, mergere mers- ‘dip’)]

submerged tenth n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the supposed fraction of the population permanently living in poverty (被认为永远生活贫困的)底层阶级

submerse /səbˈmɜ:s/ v. & adj. ●v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 submersed adj.)  submerge 浸没，淹没 ●adj. Bot.  growing entirely under water (opp. 反义 EMERSE) 【植】生长于水下的 [Latin submers- past part. stem of submergere SUBMERGE]

submersible /səbˈmɜ:sib(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a submarine operating under water for short periods (仅能短时间潜入水中的)潜水器；潜艇 ●adj.  capable of being submerged 可潜入水中的，可浸入水中的

submersion /səbˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of submerging; the state of being submerged 浸没，淹没

submicroscopic /ˌsʌbmaikrəˈskɒpik/ adj.  too small to be seen by an ordinary microscope 亚微观的(普通的显微镜看不见的)

subminiature /sʌbˈminitʃə/ adj.  1  of greatly reduced size 超小型的，微型的 2 (of a camera) very small and using 16-mm film (照相机)超小型的，使用 16 毫米的胶卷的

submission /səbˈmiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of submitting; the state of being submitted 递交，呈递b  anything that is submitted 递交物，呈递书 2  humility, meekness, obedience, submissiveness 恭顺；顺从，服从  showed great submission of spirit  表现出精神上超乎寻常的顺从 3 Law  a theory etc. submitted by counsel to a judge or jury 【法律】提交仲裁协议(书) 4 (in wrestling) the surrender of a participant yielding to the pain of a hold (摔跤)认输 [Middle English from Old French submission or Latin submissio (as SUBMIT)]

submissive /səbˈmisiv/ adj.  1  humble; obedient 谦恭的；恭顺的 2  yielding to power or authority; willing to submit 惟命是从的；卑躬屈膝的 □ submissively  adv.  □ submissiveness  n.   [SUBMISSION, on the pattern of remissive etc.]

submit /səbˈmit/ v. (submitted, submitting)  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  a intr.  cease resistance; give way; yield 屈服，服从；投降  had to submit to defeat  不得不承认失败 will never submit  决不屈服b refl.  surrender (oneself) to the control of another etc. 使(自己)屈服(或屈从等) 2 tr.  present for consideration or decision 提交，呈递 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  subject (a person or thing) to an operation, process, treatment, etc. 使(某人或某物)经受(操作、处理、治疗等)  submitted it to the flames  将其付之一炬 4 tr. esp. Law  urge or represent esp. deferentially (尤)【法律】(尤指恭敬地)认为；建议  that, I submit, is a misrepresentation  我本人认为那是对事实的曲解 □ submitter  n.   [Middle English from Latin submittere (as SUB-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

submultiple /sʌbˈmʌltip(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  a number that can be divided exactly into a specified number 约数，因数 ●adj.  being such a number 约数的，因数的

subnormal /sʌbˈnɔ:m(ə)l/ adj.  1 (esp. as regards intelligence) below normal (尤指智商)低于正常标准的 2  less than normal 正常以下的 □ subnormality  /-ˈmæliti/ n.  

sub-nuclear /sʌbˈnju:kliə/ adj. Physics  occurring in or smaller than an atomic nucleus 【物理学】亚核的

subocular /sʌbˈɒkjʊlə/ adj.  situated below or under the eyes 眼下的

suboptimal /sʌbˈɒptim(ə)l/ adj.  less than optimal; not of the best quality, type, etc. 不是最理想的；(质量、样式等)未达到最佳标准的

sub-orbital /sʌbˈɔ:bit(ə)l/ adj.  1  situated below the orbit of the eye 眼眶下的 2 (of a spaceship etc.) not completing a full orbit of the earth (宇宙飞船等)不满地球轨道一圈的

suborder /ˈsʌbɔ:də/ n. Biol.  a taxonomic category ranked below an order 【生】亚目 □ subordinal  /-ˈɔ:din(ə)l/ adj.  

subordinary /sʌbˈɔ:din(ə)ri, -d(ə)n-/ n. (pl. -ies) Heraldry  a device or bearing that is common but less so than ordinaries 【纹章学】次普通图记

subordinate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /səˈbɔ:dinət/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  of inferior importance or rank; secondary, subservient 下级的；次要的；从属的 ●n. /səˈbɔ:dinət/  a person working under another's control or orders 部属，下级 ●v. tr. /səˈbɔ:dineit/ (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  make subordinate; treat or regard as of minor importance 使…成为下级；把…当作次要对待 2  make subservient 使惟命是从，使服从 □ subordinately  /səˈbɔ:dinətli/ adv.  □ subordination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subordinative  /səˈbɔ:dinətiv/ adj.   [medieval Latin subordinare, subordinat- (as SUB-, Latin ordinare ‘ordain’)]

subordinate clause n.  a clause, usu. introduced by a conjunction, that functions like a noun, adjective, or adverb, and qualifies a main clause (e.g. ‘when it rang’ in ‘she answered the phone when it rang’) (cf. 参见 MAIN CLAUSE) 从句，从属分句(例如 : she answered the phone when it rang 中的 when it rang)

suborn /səˈbɔ:n/ v. tr.  induce by bribery etc. to commit perjury or any other unlawful act (用贿赂等)唆使(某人)作伪证(或进行其他不法行为等) □ subornation  /sʌbɔ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ suborner  n.   [Latin subornare ‘incite secretly’ (as SUB-, ornare ‘equip’)]

suboxide /sʌbˈɒksaid/ n. Chem.  an oxide containing the smallest proportion of oxygen 【化】低氧化物，低价氧化物

subphylum /sʌbˈfailəm/ n. (pl. subphyla /-lə/) Biol.  a taxonomic category below a phylum 【生】亚门

sub-plot /ˈsʌbplɒt/ n.  a subordinate plot in a play etc. (剧本等的)次要情节

subpoena /səbˈpi:nə, səˈpi:nə/ n. & v. ●n.  a writ ordering a person to attend a law court (传唤出庭作证的)传票 ●v. tr. (past and past part. subpoenaed or subpoena'd)  serve a subpoena on (用传票)传唤；(发传票)命令交出 [Middle English from Latin sub poena ‘under penalty’ (the first words of the writ)]

sub-postmaster /sʌbˈpəʊs(t)mɑ:stə/ n. (fem. sub-postmistress /-ˈpəʊs(t)mistris/)  a person in charge of a sub-post office 邮政支局局长

sub-post office /sʌbˈpəʊst ɒfis/ n.  a small local post office offering fewer services than a main post office 邮政支局；邮政站

subprogram /ˈsʌbprəʊɡræm/ n. Computing 【计算】  = SUBROUTINE 

subregion /ˈsʌbri:dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a division of a region, esp. with regard to natural life (尤指根据野生动、植物的分布来划分的)亚区 □ subregional  /-ˈri:dʒ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  

subreption /səbˈrepʃ(ə)n/ n. formal  the obtaining of a thing by surprise or misrepresentation [正式]意外获取(某物)；由于隐瞒真相(或)虚报事实而得到(某物) [Latin subreptio ‘purloining’ from subripere (as SUB-, rapere ‘snatch’)]

subrogation /sʌbrəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Law  the substitution of one party for another as creditor, with the transfer of rights and duties 【法律】代位(权) □ subrogate  /ˈsʌbrəɡeit/ v. tr.   [Late Latin subrogatio from subrogare ‘choose as substitute’ (as SUB-, rogare ‘ask’)]

sub rosa /sʌb ˈrəʊzə/ adj. & adv. (of communication, consultation, etc.) in secrecy or confidence (交流、咨询等)秘密的(地)；私下的(地) [Latin, literally ‘under the rose’, as emblem of secrecy]

subroutine /ˈsʌbru:ti:n/ n. Computing  a routine designed to perform a frequently used operation within a program 【计算】子(例行)程序

sub-Saharan /sʌbsəˈhɑ:rən/ attrib. adj.  from or forming part of the African regions south of the Sahara desert (非洲)撒哈拉沙漠以南的

subscribe /səbˈskraib/ v.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  a tr. & intr.  contribute (a specified sum) or make or promise a contribution to a fund, project, charity, etc., esp. regularly (尤指定期地)认捐；捐助，赞助(某个基金、项目、慈善机构等)b intr.  enter one's name in a list of contributors to a charity etc. 签名捐赠(慈善机构等)c tr.  raise or guarantee raising (a sum) by so subscribing 签名认捐(一笔钱) 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  express one's agreement with an opinion, resolution, etc. 同意，赞成，赞许  cannot subscribe to that  不能同意那一点 3 tr.  a  write (esp. one's name) at the foot of a document etc. (在文件等的结尾处)签署(尤指自己的姓名)  subscribed a motto  签名题词b  write one's name at the foot of, sign (a document, picture, etc.) 在(文件、书画等的)下面签名，署名 □ subscribe for   agree to take a copy or copies of (a book) before publication 订购(图书)□ subscribe oneself   sign one's name as 把自己的名字签作□ subscribe to   arrange to receive (a periodical etc.) regularly 订阅(期刊等) [Middle English from Latin subscribere (as SUB-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

subscriber /səbˈskraibə/ n.  1  a  a contributor to a fund etc.; a person subscribing to a periodical etc. (基金等的)捐赠者，赞助者；(期刊等的)订阅者；订购者b esp. Brit.  a person paying for the hire of a telephone line [尤英] (商业性电话的)用户 2  a person who subscribes to an idea etc. (某个想法等的)签名支持者 3  a person who writes something or signs at the foot of a document etc. (文件等的)签署者

subscriber trunk dialling n. Brit.  the automatic connection of trunk calls by dialling without the assistance of an operator [英]用户中继拨号

subscript /ˈsʌbskript/ adj. & n. ●adj.  written or printed below the line, esp. Math. (of a symbol) written below and to the right of another symbol 下标的；下符的；(尤)【数】(符号)写在另一符号下方的；写在另一符号右下角的 ●n.  a subscript number or symbol 下标；下符 [Latin subscriptus (as SUBSCRIBE)]

subscription /səbˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of subscribing 认捐，赞助b  money subscribed 捐款，赞助款 2 Brit.  a fee for the membership of a society etc., esp. paid regularly [英] (尤指协会等定期缴纳的)会费 3  a  an agreement to take and pay for usu. a specified number of issues of a newspaper, magazine, etc. (报纸、杂志等的)订阅；订购b  the money paid by this 订阅费；订购款 4  a signature on a document etc. (文件等的)签名 5  the offer of a reduced price to those ordering a book before publication (出版物的)预订优惠价 [Middle English from Latin subscriptio (as SUBSCRIBE)]

subscription concert n.  each of a series of concerts for which tickets are sold in advance 联票音乐会

subsection /ˈsʌbsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  a division of a section 分支；分段；分区

subsellium /səbˈseliəm/ n. (pl. subsellia /-liə/)  = MISERICORD 1  [Latin (as SUB-, sella ‘seat’)]

sub-sequence /ˈsʌbsi:kw(ə)ns/ n.  a sequence forming part of a larger one 子序列，部分序列

subsequence /ˈsʌbsikw(ə)ns/ n.  a subsequent incident; a consequence 随后发生的事；后果

subsequent /ˈsʌbsikw(ə)nt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  following a specified event etc. in time, esp. as a consequence (尤指作为后果)随后的，后来的 □ subsequently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French subsequent or Latin subsequi (as SUB-, sequi ‘follow’)]

subserve /səbˈsɜ:v/ v. tr.  serve as a means in furthering (a purpose, action, etc.) 促进，推动(目标、行动等) [Latin subservire (as SUB-, SERVE)]

subservient /səbˈsɜ:viənt/ adj.  1  cringing; obsequious 卑躬屈膝的；恭顺的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  serving as a means; instrumental 起作用的，有帮助的 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  subordinate 从属的，附属的 □ subservience  n.  □ subserviency  n.  □ subserviently  adv.   [Latin subserviens subservient (as SUBSERVE)]

subset /ˈsʌbset/ n.  1  a secondary part of a set (组成大套的)一小套 2 Math.  a set all the elements of which are contained in another set 【数】子集

subshrub /ˈsʌbʃrʌb/ n.  a low-growing or small shrub 半灌木；小灌木

subside /səbˈsaid/ v. intr.  1  cease from agitation; become tranquil; abate 平静，平息；减弱，减退  excitement subsided  兴奋之情平息了 2 (of water, suspended matter, etc.) sink (水、悬而未决的事物等)退落；消退 3 (of the ground) cave in; sink (土地)沉降，下陷 4 (of a building, ship, etc.) sink lower in the ground or water (建筑物、船等)下陷，下沉 5 (of a swelling etc.) become less (肿胀等)消退，缓解 6 usu. joc. (of a person) sink into a sitting, kneeling, or lying posture [通常诙] (人) (下沉般地)坐下；跪下；躺下 □ subsidence  /-ˈsaid(ə)ns, ˈsʌbsid(ə)ns/ n.   [Latin subsidere (as SUB-, sidere ‘settle’, related to sedēre ‘sit’)]

subsidiarity /səbsidiˈæriti/ n.  1  the quality of being subsidiary 辅助性；附属性 2  the principle that a central authority should have a subsidiary function, performing only those tasks which cannot be performed at a more local level 辅助原则(认为中央政权应具有一项辅助职能，仅对地方政权有效职能以外的事物进行管理的学说)

subsidiary /səbˈsidiəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary 辅助的；附带的，从属的 2 (of a company) controlled by another (公司)隶属另一公司的 3 (of troops) (军队):a  paid for by subsidy 拿津贴的b  hired by another nation 被他国雇佣的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a subsidiary thing or person; an accessory 附属物，附件；助手，副手 2  a subsidiary company 附属公司，子公司 □ subsidiarily  adv.   [Latin subsidiarius (as SUBSIDY)]

subsidize /ˈsʌbsidaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  pay a subsidy to 给…津贴(或补贴) 2  reduce the cost of by subsidy 补助，资助  subsidized lunches  含补贴的午餐 □ subsidization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subsidizer  n.  

subsidy /ˈsʌbsidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  money granted by the state or a public body etc. to keep down the price of commodities etc. (由国家或公共机构等提供的用以降低商品等价格的)补贴，补助金，津贴  housing subsidy  住房补贴b  money granted to a charity or other undertaking held to be in the public interest (为慈善或其他公共事业提供的)资助金，赞助费c  any grant or contribution of money 资助款，赞助款，捐款 2  money paid by one state to another in return for military, naval, or other aid (一国为换得军事或其他援助等而给另一国的)财政援助 3 hist. [史义]  a  a parliamentary grant to the sovereign for state needs (旧时议会发给王室的)特别津贴b  a tax levied on a particular occasion (为某一特别活动而征收的)特别税 [Middle English via Anglo-French subsidie, Old French subside from Latin subsidium ‘assistance’]

subsist /səbˈsist/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  keep oneself alive; be kept alive 生存，维持生计  subsists on vegetables  靠吃蔬菜维持生命 2 intr.  remain in being; exist 留存；存在 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  be attributable to 在(于)  its excellence subsists in its freshness  它的好处就在于新鲜 4 tr. archaic  provide sustenance for [古义]养活，供养 □ subsistent  adj.   [Latin subsistere ‘stand firm’ (as SUB-, sistere ‘set, stand’)]

subsistence /səbˈsist(ə)ns/ n.  1  the state or an instance of subsisting 活命，存活，生存 2  a  the means of supporting life; a livelihood 生存手段，生计b  a minimal level of existence or the income providing this 维持生存的最低标准；维持生活的最低收入  a bare subsistence  勉强糊口的生活

subsistence allowance n. (also 亦作 subsistence money) esp. Brit.  an allowance or advance on pay granted esp. as travelling expenses [尤英] (尤指作为差旅费的)生活津贴，生活补助

subsistence farming n.  farming which directly supports the farmer's household without producing a significant surplus for trade 生存农业(指收成仅够自身食用而无剩余进行交易的农业耕作)

subsistence level n. (also 亦作 subsistence wage)  a standard of living (or wage) providing only the bare necessities of life 勉强糊口的生活水平(或工资)

subsoil /ˈsʌbsɔil/ n.  soil lying immediately under the surface soil (opp. 反义 TOPSOIL) (土壤的)底土，心土

subsonic /sʌbˈsɒnik/ adj.  relating to speeds less than that of sound 亚音速的，亚声速的 □ subsonically  adv.  

subspecies /ˈsʌbspi:ʃi:z, -ʃiz, -spi:s-/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Biol.  a taxonomic category below a species, usu. a fairly permanent geographically isolated variety 【生】亚种 □ subspecific  /-spəˈsifik/ adj.  

substance /ˈsʌbst(ə)ns/ n.  1  a  the essential material, esp. solid, forming a thing (尤指固体的)材料  the substance was transparent  这种材料是透明的b  a particular kind of material having uniform properties (具有统一特性的)物质  this substance is salt  这种物质是盐 2  a  reality; solidity 实物，实体  ghosts have no substance  鬼魂没有实体b  seriousness or steadiness of character (性格的)坚定，稳健  there is no substance in him  他这个人不实在 3  the theme or subject of esp. a work of art, argument, etc. (尤指艺术作品、争论等的)要旨；基本内容  prefer the substance to the style  认为内容重于风格 4  the real meaning or essence of a thing (事物的)本质，实质 5  wealth and possessions 资产，财富  a woman of substance  富有的女人 6 Philos.  the essential nature underlying phenomena, which is subject to changes and accidents 【哲】实体 7  an intoxicating or narcotic chemical or drug, esp. an illegal one (尤指非法的)麻醉剂，麻醉药  substance abuse  滥用药物或毒品 □ in substance   generally; apart from details 基本上，实际上 [Middle English via Old French from Latin substantia (as SUB-, stare ‘stand’)]

sub-standard /sʌbˈstændəd/ adj.  1  of less than the required or normal quality or size; inferior 不够标准的，不合格的；劣质的 2 (of language) not conforming to standard usage (语言)不规范的

substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of real importance, value, or validity 重大的，有价值的，有分量的  made a substantial contribution  作出了重大贡献b  of large size or amount 相当大的；大量的  awarded substantial damages  得到相当数额的损害赔偿金 2  of solid material or structure; stout 坚固的；结实的  a man of substantial build  身体结实的男子 a substantial house  坚固的房屋 3  commercially successful; wealthy 富有的，殷实的 4  essential; true in large part 基本的，本质的；基本属实的  substantial truth  基本上是事实 5  having substance; real 实在的；真实的 □ substantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ substantially  adv.   [Middle English from Old French substantiel or Late Latin substantialis (as SUBSTANCE)]

substantialism /səbˈstænʃ(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the doctrine that behind phenomena there are substantial realities 【哲】实体论(认为现象背后存在基本现实的理论) □ substantialist  n. & adj.  

substantialize /səbˈstænʃ(ə)laiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  invest with or acquire substance or actual existence (使)实体化，(使)实质化，赋予…以实质

substantiate /səbˈstænʃieit/ v. tr.  prove the truth of (a charge, statement, claim, etc.); give good grounds for 证实(控告，陈述，声明等)，证明 □ substantiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin substantiare ‘give substance to’ (as SUBSTANCE)]

substantive /ˈsʌbst(ə)ntiv/ adj. & n. ●adj. /also 亦作 səbˈstantiv/  1  having separate and independent existence 独立存在的 2  having a firm or solid basis; important, substantial 实在的，坚实的；重大的，可观的 3 Law  relating to rights and duties 【法律】涉及权利和义务的 4 (of an enactment, motion, resolution, etc.) made in due form as such; not amended (法规、动议、决议等)维持原状的；不得修改的 5 Gram.  expressing existence 【语法】表示存在的 6 (of a dye) not needing a mordant (染料)直接染的，不需媒染的 7 Mil. (of a rank etc.) permanent, not acting or temporary 【军】(军衔等)永久的，终身的 8 archaic  denoting a substance [古义]表示物质的 ●n. Gram. 【语法】  = NOUN  □ substantival  /-ˈtaiv(ə)l/ adj.  □ substantively  adv. esp. Gram. (尤)【语法】   [Middle English from Old French substantif -ive, or Late Latin substantivus (as SUBSTANCE)]

substantive verb n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the verb ‘to be’ 存在动词 to be

sub-station /ˈsʌbsteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a subordinate station, esp. one reducing the high voltage of electric power transmission to that suitable for supply to consumers 分站；分所；分局(尤指变电所或变电站)

substituent /səbˈstitjʊənt/ adj. & n. Chem. 【化】  ●adj. (of a group of atoms) replacing another atom or group in a compound (原子团)取代基的 ●n.  such a group 取代基 [Latin substituere substituent- (as SUBSTITUTE)]

substitute /ˈsʌbstitju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (also 亦作 attrib.)  a person or thing acting or serving in place of another 替代者；替代物b  an artificial alternative to a natural substance 人造替代物，人造代用品  butter substitute  黄油替代品 2 Sc. Law  a deputy [苏格兰]【法律】代理，副手 ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  act or cause to act as a substitute; put or serve in exchange (使)替代；(使)代理  substituted for her mother  替代她的母亲 substituted it for the broken one  用它替换下坏了的部件 2 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 by, with) colloq.  replace (a person or thing) with another [口] (用某人或某物)取代(另一人或物)  substitute dairy milk with soya milk  用豆浆取代牛奶 3 tr. Chem.  replace (an atom or group in a molecule) with another 【化】(分子中的原子或原子团)取代(另一个原子或原子团) □ substitutable  adj.  □ substitutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ substitution  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ substitutional  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ substitutionary  /-ˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.  □ substitutive  adj.   [Middle English from Latin substitutus, past part. of substituere (as SUB-, statuere ‘set up’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of substitute with the prepositions by or with, as illustrated in sense 2 of the verb above, is highly informal and should be avoided in standard English. The example substitute dairy milk with soya milk can be reworded as substitute soya milk for dairy milk (see sense 1 of the verb above). 在 substitute 与介词 by 或 with 搭配使用时(如上文动词释义 2 中所举例子)，其语气极为不正式，在标准英语中应避免使用这种结构。可将例句 substitute dairy milk with soya milk 改写为 substitute soya milk for dairy milk (见上文动词的释义 1) 。 

substrate /ˈsʌbstreit/ n.  1  = SUBSTRATUM  2  a surface to be painted, printed, etc., on (供绘画、印刷等的)底面，基底 3 Biol. 【生】  a  the substance upon which an enzyme acts 酶作用物b  the surface or material on which any particular organism grows (有机体的)培养基 [Anglicized from SUBSTRATUM]

substratum /sʌbˈstrɑ:təm, -ˈstreitəm/ n. (pl. substrata /-tə/)  1  an underlying layer or substance 下层，底层 2  a layer of rock or soil beneath the surface 底层岩石；底土层，心土 3  a foundation or basis 基础；根据  there is a substratum of truth in it  这里面有事实根据 [modern Latin, past part. of Latin substernere (as SUB-, sternere ‘strew’): cf. STRATUM]

substructure /ˈsʌbstrʌktʃə/ n.  an underlying or supporting structure 基础；支撑结构 □ substructural  adj.  

subsume /səbˈsju:m/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 under)  include (an instance, idea, term, etc.) in a rule, class, category, etc. 把(事例、观念、术语等)归纳(或分类等) □ subsumable  adj.  □ subsumption  /-ˈsʌm (p) ʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin subsumere (as SUB-, sumere sumpt- ‘take’)]

subsurface /ˈsʌbsɜ:fis/ n. & adj. ●n.  the stratum or strata below the earth's surface 地表下岩层 ●adj.  1  relating to the subsurface 表面下的，地表下的 2  below the ground 地下的

subsystem /ˈsʌbsistəm/ n.  a self-contained system within a larger system 子系统，分系统

subtenant /sʌbˈtenənt/ n.  a person who leases a property from a tenant (不动产的)转租承租人 □ subtenancy  n.  

subtend /sʌbˈtend/ v. tr.  1  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at) (of a line, arc, figure, etc.) form (an angle) at a particular point when its extremities are joined at that point (直线、弧线、图形等)两端在某点相接形成(角)b (of an angle or chord) have bounding lines or points that meet or coincide with those of (a line or arc) (角或弦)对向(边或弧) 2 Bot. (of a bract etc.) extend under so as to embrace or enfold 【植】(苞等)包托，把…包在叶腋内 [Latin subtendere (as SUB-, tendere ‘stretch’)]

subterfuge /ˈsʌbtəfju:dʒ/ n.  1  a  an attempt to avoid blame or defeat esp. by lying or deceit 花招，诡计(尤指撒谎或欺骗)b  a statement etc. resorted to for such a purpose 遁词，托词 2  this as a practice or policy 耍花招；施诡计 [French subterfuge or Late Latin subterfugium from Latin subterfugere ‘escape secretly’, from subter ‘beneath’ + fugere ‘flee’]

subterminal /sʌbˈtɜ:min(ə)l/ adj.  nearly at the end 接近末端的

subterranean /sʌbtəˈreiniən/ adj.  1  existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface 在地下进行的，存在于地表下的；地表下发生的 2  secret, underground, concealed 私下的，秘密的，暗中的 □ subterraneously  adv.   [Latin subterraneus (as SUB-, terra ‘earth’)]

subtext /ˈsʌbtekst/ n.  an underlying often distinct theme in a piece of writing or conversation (作品或谈话中的)潜台词

subtilize /ˈsʌtilaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  a  make subtle 使隐晦，使微妙；使稀薄；使清淡b  elevate; refine 使精妙，使精致 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  argue or reason subtly 精辟论证；精湛推理 □ subtilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French subtiliser or medieval Latin subtilizare (as SUBTLE)]

subtitle /ˈsʌbtait(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a secondary or additional title of a book etc. (书等的)副标题，小标题 2  a printed caption at the bottom of a film etc., esp. translating dialogue (尤指影片等的对白翻译)字幕 ●v. tr.  provide with a subtitle or subtitles 给…加副标题(或小标题)；给…配字幕

subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ adj. (subtler, subtlest)  1  evasive or mysterious; hard to grasp 微妙的，玄妙的；难以捉摸的  subtle charm  难以形容的魅力 a subtle distinction  微妙的区别 2 (of scent, colour, etc.) faint, delicate, elusive (气味，颜色等)稀薄的，淡雅的，若有若无的  subtle perfume  淡雅的香水 3  a  capable of making fine distinctions; perceptive; acute 细心的；敏感的；敏锐的  subtle intellect  敏锐的思维能力 subtle senses  敏锐的感官b  ingenious; elaborate; clever 精巧的；精致的；精湛的  a subtle device  精致的仪器 4 archaic  crafty, cunning [古义]狡猾的，狡诈的 □ subtleness  n.  □ subtly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French sotil from Latin subtilis]

subtlety /ˈsʌt(ə)lti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or state of being subtle 微妙，细微；稀薄，淡雅；敏锐；精致 2  an instance of this; a fine distinction; a subtle argument 微妙之处；稀薄的东西，淡雅的东西；细微的差别；精妙的论证 [Middle English via Old French s(o)utilté from Latin subtilitas -tatis (as SUBTLE)]

subtonic /sʌbˈtɒnik/ n. Mus.  the note below the tonic, the seventh note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】下主音(全音阶中的第七音级)

subtopia /sʌbˈtəʊpiə/ n. Brit. derog.  unsightly and sprawling suburban development [英贬]次等市郊，城市化的乡村地区 □ subtopian  adj.   [SUBURB, UTOPIA]

subtotal /ˈsʌbtəʊt(ə)l/ n.  the total of one part of a group of figures to be added 小计

subtract /səbˈtrækt/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  deduct (a part, quantity, or number) from another 减，减去(一部分、某数量或数字) □ subtracter  n. (cf. 参见 SUBTRACTOR)  □ subtraction  /-ˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subtractive  adj.   [Latin subtrahere subtract- (as SUB-, trahere ‘draw’)]

subtractor /səbˈtræktə/ n. Electronics  a circuit or device that produces an output dependent on the difference of two inputs 【电子学】电子减法器

subtrahend /ˈsʌbtrəhend/ n. Math.  a quantity or number to be subtracted 【数】减数 [Latin subtrahendus, gerundive of subtrahere: see SUBTRACT]

subtropics /sʌbˈtrɒpiks/ n. pl.  the regions adjacent to or bordering on the tropics 亚热带 □ subtropical  adj.  

subulate /ˈsju:bjʊlət, -leit/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  slender and tapering 【植】【动】锥形的，钻状的 [Latin subula ‘awl’]

subunit /ˈsʌbju:nit/ n.  a distinct component, esp. each of two or more polypeptide chains in a large protein 小单元，次单元(尤指存在于一个较大蛋白质中的两个或多个多肽链中的一个)

suburb /ˈsʌbɜ:b/ n.  an outlying esp. residential district of a city 市郊，郊区(尤指城郊住宅区) [Middle English from Old French suburbe or Latin suburbium (as SUB-, urbs urbis ‘city’)]

suburban /səˈbɜ:b(ə)n/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of suburbs 城郊的，郊区的；有城郊特点 2 derog.  provincial, narrow-minded, uncultured, or naive [贬]土气的；狭隘的；缺乏教养的；见识浅的 □ suburbanite  n.  □ suburbanize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ suburbanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin suburbanus (as SUBURB)]

suburbia /səˈbɜ:biə/ n. often derog.  the suburbs, their inhabitants, and their way of life [常贬]郊区；郊区居民；郊区生活方式

subvention /səbˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.  a grant of money from a government etc.; a subsidy (政府等发放的)资助金，补助金；津贴费 [Middle English from Old French via Late Latin subventio -onis from Latin subvenire subvent- ‘assist’ (as SUB-, venire ‘come’)]

subversive /səbˈvɜ:siv/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a person, organization, activity, etc.) seeking to subvert (esp. a government) (人、组织、活动等)企图颠覆(尤指政府)的 ●n.  a subversive person; a revolutionary 颠覆分子，破坏分子；革命分子 □ subversion  /-ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ subversively  adv.  □ subversiveness  n.   [medieval Latin subversivus (as SUBVERT)]

subvert /səbˈvɜ:t/ v. tr. esp. Polit.  overturn, overthrow, or upset (religion, government, the monarchy, morality, etc.) (尤)【政】推翻，颠覆，破坏(宗教、政府、君主统治、道德等) □ subverter  n.   [Middle English from Old French subvertir or Latin subvertere (as SUB-, vertere vers- ‘turn’)]

subway /ˈsʌbwei/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a tunnel beneath a road etc. for pedestrians (马路等下供行人穿越的)地下通道b  an underground passage for pipes, cables, etc. (供管子、电缆等通过的)地下管道 2 esp. N. Amer.  an underground railway [尤北美]地铁

subwoofer /ˈsʌbwʊfə/ n.  a loudspeaker component designed to reproduce very low bass frequencies 辅助低音扬声器(一种可使低音再生的扬声器装置)

sub-zero /sʌbˈziərəʊ/ adj. (esp. of temperature) lower than zero (尤指温度)低于零度的，零下的

suc- /sʌk, sək/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before c (用于字母 c 前) SUB- 的同化形式

succedaneum /sʌksiˈdeiniəm/ n. (pl. succedanea /-niə/)  a substitute, esp. for a medicine or drug (尤指药物或毒品的)替代物，代用品 □ succedaneous  adj.   [modern Latin, neut. of Latin succedaneus (as SUCCEED)]

succeed /səkˈsi:d/ v.  1 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 in)  accomplish one's purpose; have success; prosper 成功；达到目的；发迹  succeeded in his ambition  实现了他的抱负b (of a plan etc.) be successful (计划等)成功，顺利进行 2  a tr.  follow in order; come next after 接连；紧随  night succeeded day  夜晚紧接着白天b intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  come next, be subsequent 接着发生，接续 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  become the rightful or subsequent holder of an inheritance, office, title, property, etc. 继承(遗产、职位、头衔、财产等)  succeeded to the throne  继承王位 4 tr.  take over an office, throne, inheritance, etc. from 接替…的职位；继承…的王位(或遗产等)  succeeded his father  接替他父亲 succeeded the manager  接任经理职务 □ nothing succeeds like success   one success leads to others 一事成，事事成□ succeeder  n.   [Middle English from Old French succeder or Latin succedere (as SUB-, cedere cess- ‘go’)]

succentor /səkˈsentə/ n. Eccl.  a precentor's deputy in some cathedrals 【教会】(教堂唱诗班的)副领唱，副指挥 □ succentorship  n.   [Late Latin from Latin succinere (as SUB-, canere ‘sing’)]

success /səkˈses/ n.  1  the accomplishment of an aim; a favourable outcome 胜利，成功  their efforts met with success  他们的努力取得了成功 2  the attainment of wealth, fame, or position 发财；出名；升迁  spoilt by success  为财富(或名声等)所累 3  a thing or person that turns out well 成功的事(或人) 4 archaic  a usu. specified outcome of an undertaking [古义]结果，效果  ill success  失败 [Latin successus (as SUCCEED)]

successful /səkˈsesfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  having or resulting in success 成功的，有成就的，胜利的 2  prosperous; having wealth or status 兴旺的；富有的；有地位的 □ successfully  adv.  □ successfulness  n.  

succession /səkˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the process of following in order; succeeding 连续，接连b  a series of things or people in succession (事或人的)一系列，一连串 2  a  the right of succeeding to an office, inheritance, the throne, etc. (职位、遗产、王位等的)继任权，继承权b  the act or process of so succeeding 继任，继承c  those having such a right 继承人，继任者 3 Ecol.  the process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable climax community is reached (cf. 参见 SERE2) 【态】演替(指一个生物种群逐渐为另一生物种群所取代并发展为稳定的高级种群的过程) 4 Geol. 【地质】  a  a sequence of fossil forms representing an evolutionary series (代表进化顺序的)化石序列b  a group of strata representing a single chronological sequence (代表某一历史时期的)岩层，地层 □ in quick succession   following one another at short intervals 接二连三地□ in succession   one after another, without intervention 接连不断地□ in succession to   as the successor of 作为…的继承人(或继任者)；继承…，继任…□ settle the succession   determine who shall succeed 确定继承人(或继任人)□ successional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French succession or Latin successio (as SUCCEED)]

succession state n.  a state resulting from the partition of a previously existing country 继任国，后继国(指从原某个国家分裂出来的主权国家)

successive /səkˈsesiv/ adj.  following one after another; running, consecutive 接连的，依次的；连续的 □ successively  adv.  □ successiveness  n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin successivus (as SUCCEED)]

successor /səkˈsesə/ n. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person or thing that succeeds another 继承人，继任人；继承物，继任物 [Middle English via Old French successour from Latin successor (as SUCCEED)]

success story n.  an example of success such as a rise from poverty to wealth etc. 成功史，发迹史，发达史

succinct /səkˈsiŋ(k)t/ adj.  briefly expressed; terse, concise 简要的；简明的，简洁的 □ succinctly  adv.  □ succinctness  n.   [Middle English from Latin succinctus, past part. of succingere ‘tuck up’ (as SUB-, cingere ‘gird’)]

succinic acid /sʌkˈsinik/ n. Biochem.  a crystalline dibasic acid important as an intermediate in glucose metabolism 【生化】琥珀酸，丁二酸 □ succinate  /ˈsʌksineit/ n.  琥珀 [French succinique from Latin succinum ‘amber’ (from which it was first derived)]

succor US var.  of SUCCOUR [美] SUCCOUR 的变体

succory /ˈsʌk(ə)ri/ n.  = CHICORY 1  [alteration of cicorée etc., early forms of CHICORY]

succotash /ˈsʌkətæʃ/ n. US  a dish of green maize and beans boiled together [美]青玉米粒煮利马豆 [Narragansett msiquatash]

Succoth /sʊˈkəʊt, ˈsʌkəθ/ n.  the Jewish autumn thanksgiving festival commemorating the sheltering in the wilderness 住棚节，结茅节(犹太人在秋天举行的感谢主恩的节日，纪念祖先在旷野结茅而住的生活) [Hebrew sukkôt, pl. of sukkɑˉh ‘thicket, hut’]

succour /ˈsʌkə/ n. & v. (US [美] succor) ●n.  1  aid; assistance, esp. in time of need (尤指及时的)援助，救助 2 (in pl. 用复数) archaic  reinforcements of troops [古义]救兵，援军 ●v. tr.  assist or aid (esp. a person in danger or distress) (尤指在某人处于危境或痛苦时)援助，援救 □ succourless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French socours and medieval Latin succursus from Latin succurrere (as SUB-, currere curs- ‘run’)]

succubus /ˈsʌkjʊbəs/ n. (pl. succubi /-bai/)  a female demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping men (传说与睡梦中的男子交媾的)女淫妖 [Late Latin succuba ‘prostitute’, medieval Latin succubus, from succubare (as SUB-, cubare ‘lie’)]

succulent /ˈsʌkjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  juicy; palatable 多汁的；鲜美的 2 colloq.  desirable [口]吸引人的，引人入胜的 3 Bot. (of a plant, its leaves, or stems) thick and fleshy 【植】(植物、叶或茎)肉质的 ●n. Bot.  a succulent plant, esp. a cactus 【植】肉质植物(尤指仙人掌) □ succulence  n.  □ succulently  adv.   [Latin succulentus from succus ‘juice’]

succumb /səˈkʌm/ v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  1  be forced to give way; be overcome 屈服，屈从；服从  succumbed to temptation  禁不住诱惑 2  be overcome by death 死亡  succumbed to his injuries  他因伤而死 [Middle English from Old French succomber or Latin succumbere (as SUB-, cumbere ‘lie’)]

succursal /səˈkɜ:s(ə)l/ adj. Eccl. (of a chapel etc.) subsidiary 【教会】(教堂等)附属的，从属的 [French succursale from medieval Latin succursus (as SUCCOUR)]

succussion /səˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ n.  vigorous shaking, esp. in the preparation of a homoeopathic remedy (尤指在准备顺势疗法时的)猛摇，猛晃 □ succuss  v. tr.   [Latin succutere succuss- (as SUB-, cutare = quatere ‘shake’)]

succès de scandale /sʊkˌsei də skɒnˈdɑ:l, 法 syksɛ də skɑ˜dal/ n.  success due to notoriety or a thing's scandalous nature 臭名远扬的事物 [French]

such /sʌtʃ/ predet. & pron. ●predet.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 as)  of the kind or degree in question or under consideration 这种的，这样的，此类的  such a person  这种人 such people  这类人 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as to + infin. or that + clause)  so great; in such high degree 这等的；如此程度的  not such a fool as to believe them  不会蠢到相信他们的地步 had such a fright that he fainted  他吓得昏过去了 3  of a more than normal kind or degree (种类或程度)非常的，不一般的  we had such an enjoyable evening  我们度过了一个非常开心的夜晚 such horrid language  那么难听的话 4  of the kind or degree already indicated, or implied by the context 诸如此类的；上述的  there are no such things  没有这类事 5 Law or formal  the aforesaid; of the aforesaid kind 【法律】[正式]上述的，前述的  such approval shall not be unreasonably withheld  上述批准不应无缘由地被压下 ●pron.  1  the thing or action in question or referred to 这样的事物(或行为)；上述的事物(或行为)  such were his words  这就是他说的话 such was not my intention  这不是我的本意 2  a Commerce or colloq.  the aforesaid thing or things; it, they, or them 【商业】[口]上述的事情；它；它们  those without tickets should purchase such  没有票的人应该买票b  similar things; suchlike 相似的事物；同类的事物  brought sandwiches and such  买了三明治等食品 □ as such   as being what has been indicated or named 照此，如所指的那样  a stranger is welcomed as such  外乡人是名符其实地作为外乡人受到欢迎的 there is no theatre as such  像那样的剧院是没有的□ such-and-such ● adj.  of a particular kind but not needing to be specified 这样的；那样的 ●n.  a person or thing of this kind 这样的人(或物)□ such-and-such a person   someone; so-and-so 某人，某某□ such as   1  for example 例如  insects, such as moths and bees  昆虫，例如飞蛾和蜜蜂 2  of a kind that; like 诸如此类的；像这种的  a person such as we all admire  像这种我们都敬佩的人 3  those who 那些…样的人  such as don't need help  那些不需要帮助的人□ such as it is   despite its shortcomings 尽管有缺点  you are welcome to it, such as it is  能将就的话，你就用它好了□ such a one   1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 as)  such a person or such a thing 这样的人(或物) 2 archaic  some person or thing unspecified [古义]某人；某事 [Old English swilc, swylc, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at LIKE1. 见 LIKE1 的用法说明。 

suchlike /ˈsʌtʃlaik/ pron. & det. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 and) ●pron.  things, people, etc., of such a kind 这一类的(物或人等)  ghosts and suchlike  鬼魂之类的东西 ●det.  of such a kind 这种的，这类的  shopping and suchlike chores  购物之类的杂事

suck /sʌk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  draw (a fluid) into the mouth by contracting the lip muscles etc. to make a partial vacuum 吸，吮，嘬 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a  draw milk or other fluid from or through (the breast etc. or a container) (从乳房等或容器中)吸吮奶(或其他液体)b  extract juice from (a fruit) by sucking (从果实中)吸吮汁液 3 tr.  a  draw sustenance, knowledge, or advantage from (a book etc.) (从书籍等中)吸收，吸取(营养、知识或益处)b  imbibe or gain (knowledge, advantage, etc.) as if by sucking 吸收(知识等)；获得(利益等) 4 tr.  roll the tongue round (a sweet, teeth, one's thumb, etc.) (用舌头)咂，嘬(糖果、牙齿、拇指等) 5 intr.  make a sucking action or sound 吮，吸，咂；吮吸声，咂嘴声  sucking at his pipe  抽着他的烟斗 6 intr. (of a pump etc.) make a gurgling or drawing sound (水泵等)发出汨汨流水声(或抽吸声) 7 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 down, in)  engulf, smother, or drown in a sucking movement 卷入，吸入，吞没于(漩涡等中) 8 intr. N. Amer. slang  be very bad, disagreeable, or disgusting [北美] [俚语]非常糟糕，令人嫌恶，令人讨厌 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of sucking, esp. the breast 吸，吮，嘬，咂(尤指吸奶) 2  the drawing action or sound of a whirlpool etc. (漩涡等的)吸卷(或吸卷声等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a small draught of liquor 一小口酒 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; esp. as 尤作 int.) Brit. colloq. [英口]  a  an expression of disappointment 唉(表示失望的用语)b  an expression of derision or amusement at another's discomfiture 呦(在他人处境难堪时所说的嘲弄语或玩笑话) □ give suck  archaic (of a mother, dam, etc.) suckle [古义] (母亲、母兽等)给…喂奶□ suck dry   1  exhaust the contents of (a bottle, the breast, etc.) by sucking 吸干，吸空(瓶子、乳房等) 2  exhaust (a person's sympathy, resources, etc.) as if by sucking 耗尽，用尽(某人的同情心、财力等)□ suck in   1  absorb 吸收，吸取 2  = sense 7 of v.  3  involve (a person) in an activity etc., esp. against his or her will 使(某人)卷入(尤指违背本人意愿的活动等)□ suck up   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  behave obsequiously esp. for one's own advantage [口] (尤指为了自身的利益而)巴结，奉承 2  absorb 吸取，吸收 [Old English sūcan, = Latin sugere]

sucker /ˈsʌkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a person or thing that sucks 吮吸者；吸吮物b  a sucking pig, newborn whale, etc. 乳猪；幼鲸 2 colloq. [口]  a  a gullible or easily deceived person 容易上当的人，容易受骗的人b (foll. by 后跟 for)  a person especially susceptible to 对…着迷的人，极喜爱…的人 3 esp. US colloq. euphem.  a thing not specified by name [尤美口] [婉] (未指明名称的)东西，物件  I can't mend the sucker!  我没法修理这个东西！ 4  a  a rubber cup etc. that adheres to a surface by suction (能够固定在平面上的)橡皮吸盘b  an organ enabling an organism to cling to a surface by suction (有机物的)吸盘 5 Bot.  a shoot springing from the rooted part of a stem, from the root at a distance from the main stem, from an axil, or occasionally from a branch 【植】根出条，吸根 6  any of various fish that has a mouth capable of or seeming to be capable of adhering by suction 嘴部形状如吸盘(或起吸盘作用)的鱼 7  a  the piston of a suction pump (泵的)活塞b  a pipe through which liquid is drawn by suction 吸管 8 N. Amer. colloq.  a lollipop [北美口]棒棒糖 ●v.  1 Bot. 【植】  a tr.  remove suckers from 去除…的根出条b intr.  produce suckers 长出根出条 2 tr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  fool, trick [尤北美口]愚弄，欺骗

sucking /ˈsʌkiŋ/ adj.  1 (of a child, animal, etc.) not yet weaned (幼儿、动物等)未断奶的 2 Zool.  unfledged 【动】羽毛未丰的  sucking dove  羽毛未丰的鸽子

sucking-disc n.  an organ used for adhering to a surface (用于吸附表面的)吸盘

sucking-fish n.  = REMORA 

suckle /ˈsʌk(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  a  feed (young) from the breast or udder 给(幼儿或幼兽)喂奶b  nourish 养育，哺育  suckled his talent  哺育了他的聪明才智 2 intr.  feed by sucking the breast etc. 吸奶，吃奶 □ suckler  n.   [Middle English, probably a back-formation from SUCKLING]

suckling /ˈsʌkliŋ/ n.  an unweaned child or animal 乳儿；乳兽

sucrose /ˈsu:krəʊz, ˈsju:-, -əʊs/ n. Chem.  common sugar, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose units obtained from sugar cane, sugar beet, etc. 【化】(从甘蔗、甜菜等中榨取的)蔗糖 [French sucre SUGAR]

suction /ˈsʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of sucking 吸，吮吸 2  a  the production of a partial vacuum by the removal of air etc. in order to force in liquid etc. or procure adhesion 抽气，抽吸(抽除部分空气等使形成半真空状态以便吸入液体或使某物附着于另一物上)b  the force produced by this process (半真空状态等所产生的)吸力  suction keeps the lid on  吸力将盖子牢牢吸住 [Late Latin suctio from Latin sugere suct- SUCK]

suction pump n.  a pump for drawing liquid through a pipe into a chamber emptied by a piston 抽吸机，真空泵

suctorial /sʌkˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Zool. 【动】  1  adapted for or capable of sucking 适于吸附的；可吸吮的 2  having a sucker for feeding or adhering 有吸盘的 □ suctorian  n.   [modern Latin suctorius (as SUCTION)]

Sudan   苏丹

Sudanese /su:dəˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Sudan, a republic in NE Africa, or the Sudan region south of the Sahara 苏丹的，苏丹地区的(苏丹为非洲东北部的一个共和国) ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native, national, or inhabitant of Sudan 苏丹人 2  a person of Sudanese descent 苏丹人后裔

sudarium /su:ˈdɛəriəm, sju:-/ n. (pl. sudaria /-riə/)  1  a cloth for wiping the face 擦脸巾，手巾 2 RC Ch. 【天主教】  = VERONICA 2  [Latin, = napkin, from sudor ‘sweat’]

sudatorium /su:dəˈtɔ:riəm, ˈsju:-/ n. (pl. sudatoria /-riə/) esp. Rom. Antiq. [尤古罗马]  1  a hot-air or steam bath 热气浴；蒸汽浴 2  a room where such a bath is taken 热气浴室；蒸汽浴室 [Latin, neut. of sudatorius: see SUDATORY]

sudatory /ˈsu:dət(ə)ri, ˈsju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  promoting perspiration 发汗的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a sudatory drug 发汗药，发汗剂 2  = SUDATORIUM  [Latin sudatorius from sudare ‘to sweat’]

sudd /sʌd/ n.  an area of floating vegetation impeding the navigation of the White Nile (白尼罗河上妨碍航行的)大块漂浮植物 [Arabic, = obstruction]

sudden /ˈsʌd(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  occurring or done unexpectedly or without warning; abrupt, hurried, hasty 突然的，忽然的，出乎意料的；匆忙的，急促的  a sudden storm  突然来临的暴风雨 a sudden departure  突然离去 ●n. archaic  a hasty or abrupt occurrence [古义]匆忙发生的事；突然发生的事 □ all of a sudden   unexpectedly; hurriedly; suddenly 出乎意料地；突然地；忽然地□ on a sudden  archaic  suddenly [古义]忽然，突然□ suddenly  adv.  □ suddenness  /-d(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French sodein, sudein, Old French soudain and Late Latin subitanus from Latin subitaneus, from subitus ‘sudden’]

sudden death n. colloq.  a means of deciding the winner in a tied game etc., by allowing a further period of play until one side scores [口]突然死亡法(比赛平局时决定胜负的方法，先得分者为胜方)

sudden infant death syndrome n. Med. 【医】  = COT DEATH 

sudoriferous /su:dəˈrif(ə)rəs, sju:-/ adj. (of a gland etc.) secreting sweat (腺体等)分泌汗液的 [Late Latin sudorifer from Latin sudor ‘sweat’]

sudorific /su:dəˈrifik, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a drug) causing sweating (药物)发汗的 ●n.  a sudorific drug 发汗药 [modern Latin sudorificus from Latin sudor ‘sweat’]

Sudra /ˈsu:drə/ n.  a member of the lowest of the four great Hindu castes, the worker caste 首陀罗(印度种姓制度中四种种姓中最低的等级，即奴隶) [Sanskrit šūdra]

suds /sʌdz/ n. & v. ●n. pl.  1  froth of soap and water 肥皂泡沫 2 N. Amer. colloq.  beer [北美口]啤酒 ●v.  1 intr.  form suds 形成肥皂泡沫 2 tr.  lather, cover, or wash in soapy water 用肥皂水浸泡(或搓洗) □ sudsy  adj.   [originally = fen waters etc., of uncertain origin: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German sudde, Middle Dutch sudse ‘marsh, bog’, probably related to SEETHE]

Sue /sju:/   休 [人名]

sue /su:, sju:/ v. (sues, sued, suing)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Law  institute legal proceedings against (a person) 【法律】控告，起诉(某人) 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  entreat (a person) 请求，恳求(某人) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for) Law  make application to a law court for redress 【法律】请求法庭(给予纠正) 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, for)  make entreaty to a person for a favour 请求，祈求(某人给予照顾等) 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make a petition in a law court for and obtain (a writ, pardon, etc.) 请求法院发出(令状等)；请求法庭给予(赦免等) □ suer  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French suer, siwer, etc. from Old French siu- etc., stem of sivre, from Latin sequi ‘follow’]

suede /sweid/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  leather, esp. kidskin, with the flesh side rubbed to make a velvety nap (尤指小山羊皮加工而成的)绒面革 2 (also 亦作 suede-cloth)  a woven fabric resembling suede 仿革织物，仿麂皮 [French (gants de) Suède ‘(gloves of) Sweden’]

suet /ˈsu:it, ˈsju:it/ n.  the hard white fat on the kidneys or loins of oxen, sheep, etc., used to make dough etc. (牛、羊等肾或腰部的)板油(可用来和面等) □ suety  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, via Old French seu from Latin sebum ‘tallow’]

suet pudding n.  a pudding of suet etc., usu. boiled or steamed (通常已煮熟或蒸熟的)板油布丁

suf- /sʌf, səf/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before f (用于字母 f 前) SUB- 的同化形式

suffer /ˈsʌfə/ v.  1 intr.  undergo pain, grief, damage, etc. 经受痛苦(或悲伤、损失等)  suffers acutely  经受剧烈的痛苦 your reputation will suffer  你的名誉将受到损害 suffers from neglect  由于疏忽造成损失 2 tr.  undergo, experience, or be subjected to (pain, loss, grief, defeat, change, etc.) 承受，遭受，蒙受(疼痛、损失、悲哀、失败、变化等)  suffered banishment  遭到流放 3 tr.  put up with; tolerate 忍受；容忍  does not suffer fools gladly  无法轻易忍受傻瓜笨蛋 4 intr. archaic or literary  undergo martyrdom [古义] [文学用语]殉教，殉道 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) archaic  allow [古义]允许 □ sufferable  adj.  □ sufferer  n.  □ suffering  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French suffrir, soeffrir, Old French sof(f)rir from Latin sufferre (as SUB-, ferre ‘bear’)]

sufferance /ˈsʌf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  tacit consent, abstinence from objection 默许；容忍 2 archaic  submissiveness [古义]服从，顺从 □ on sufferance   with toleration implied by lack of consent or objection 经默许；勉强被允许 [Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French suffraunce from Late Latin sufferentia (as SUFFER)]

suffice /səˈfais/ v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  be enough or adequate 足够  that will suffice for our purpose  那足以满足我们的目的了 suffices to prove it  足以证明它 2 tr.  meet the needs of; satisfy 满足…的需求；使满足  six sufficed him  6 个就使他满意了 □ suffice it to say   I shall content myself with saying 我只需说…就够了 [Middle English via Old French suffire (suffis-) from Latin sufficere (as SUB-, facere ‘make’)]

sufficiency /səˈfiʃ(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  an adequate amount or adequate resources 足量 2 archaic  being sufficient; ability; efficiency [古义]充足；能力；效率 [Late Latin sufficientia (as SUFFICIENT)]

sufficient /səˈfiʃ(ə)nt/ adj. & det.  good enough, large enough, or powerful enough; adequate, enough 足够的；充足的，充分的  sufficient food to feed her family  足够养活她全家的食物 sufficient reason for action  行动的充分理由 wave of discontent sufficient to bring down the government  足以使政府下台的不满情绪 □ sufficiently  adv.   [Middle English from Old French sufficient or Latin sufficiens (as SUFFICE)]

suffix /ˈsʌfiks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a verbal element added at the end of a word to form a derivative (e.g. 如 -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis) 后缀，词尾 2 Math. 【数】  = SUBSCRIPT  ●v. tr. /also 亦作 səˈfiks/  append, esp. as a suffix (尤指作为后缀)附加，添加 □ suffixation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [suffixum, suffixus, past part. of Latin suffigere (as SUB-, figere fix- ‘fasten’)]

suffocate /ˈsʌfəkeit/ v.  1 tr.  choke or kill by stopping breathing, esp. by pressure, fumes, etc. (尤指用压力、烟等)使窒息，使闷死 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 by, with)  produce a choking or breathless sensation in, esp. by excitement, terror, etc. (尤指因兴奋、恐惧等)产生窒息(或喘不过气)的感觉 3 intr.  be or feel suffocated or breathless 感觉窒息，感觉喘不过气 □ suffocating  adj.  □ suffocatingly  adv.  □ suffocation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin suffocare (as SUB-, fauces ‘throat’)]

Suffolk /ˈsʌfək/ n.  1  a sheep of a black-faced breed 萨福克羊(一种面部黑色的肉用羊) 2  this breed 萨福克羊品种 [Suffolk, a county in S. England]

Suffolk punch  see 见 PUNCH4 2 

suffragan /ˈsʌfrəɡ(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 suffragan bishop or bishop suffragan)  1  a bishop appointed to help a diocesan bishop in the administration of a diocese (帮助教区主教管理教区行政事物的)副主教，副主监 2  a bishop in relation to his archbishop or metropolitan (辅助大主教或大主教区工作的)副主教，副主监 □ suffraganship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French, representing medieval Latin suffraganeus ‘assistant’ (bishop) from Latin suffragium (see SUFFRAGE): originally of a bishop summoned to vote in synod]

suffrage /ˈsʌfridʒ/ n.  1  a  the right of voting in political elections (政治选举中的)投票权  full adult suffrage  成人全权投票权b  a view expressed by voting; a vote 投票表决；所投的票  gave their suffrages for and against  投票支持或反对c  opinion in support of a proposal etc. (对建议等的)同意，赞成 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) Eccl. 【教会】  a  a prayer made by a priest in the liturgy (礼拜仪式上牧师的)祷告b  a short prayer made by a congregation esp. in response to a priest (尤指会众响应牧师的)应祷，短祷c archaic  an intercessory prayer [古义]代祷，代人祈祷 [Middle English from Latin suffragium, partly through French suffrage]

suffragette /sʌfrəˈdʒet/ n. hist.  a woman seeking the right to vote through organized protest [史义]为争取投票权而组织抗议活动的妇女 [SUFFRAGE + -ETTE]

suffragist /ˈsʌfrədʒist/ n. esp. hist.  a person who advocates the extension of the suffrage, esp. to women [尤史义]主张扩大投票权者(尤指主张妇女也拥有投票权者) □ suffragism  n.  

suffuse /səˈfju:z/ v. tr.  1 (of colour, moisture, etc.) spread from within to colour or moisten (颜色、水汽等)弥漫，充满  a blush suffused her cheeks  她的双颊通红 2  cover with colour etc. 用颜色(或水汽等)盖住，蒙住 □ suffusion  /-ˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin suffundere suffus- (as SUB-, fundere ‘pour’)]

Sufi /ˈsu:fi/ n. (pl. Sufis)  a Muslim ascetic and mystic 苏非派(穆斯林中主张禁欲的神秘主义教派) □ Sufic  adj.  □ Sufism  n.   [Arabic sūfī, perhaps from sūf ‘wool’ (from the woollen garment worn)]

sug /sʌɡ/ v. tr. (sugged, sugging) slang (attempt to) sell (a person) a product under the guise of conducting market research [俚语] (企图)假借市场调查研究推销商品 [acronym from sell under the guise]

sug- /sʌɡ, səɡ/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before g (用于字母 g 前) SUB- 的同化形式

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants, esp. the sugar cane and sugar beet, used in cookery, confectionery, brewing, etc.; sucrose 糖(一种从植物中尤其是甘蔗和甜菜中提取的结晶物，用于烹调、糖果业、酿造业等)；蔗糖 2 Chem.  any of a group of soluble usu. sweet-tasting crystalline carbohydrates found esp. in plants, e.g. glucose 【化】糖(任何一种可溶的，尤指植物中的甜味结晶状碳水化合物，如葡萄糖) 3 esp. US colloq.  darling, dear (used as a term of address) [尤美口]亲爱的，宝贝(用作昵称) 4  sweet words; flattery 甜言蜜语；奉承话 5  anything comparable to sugar encasing a pill in reconciling a person to what is unpalatable (包裹在令人难以下咽的药片外表的)糖衣 6 slang  a narcotic drug, esp. heroin or LSD (taken on a lump of sugar) [俚语]麻醉品，毒品(尤指呈糖块状的海洛因或麦角酸酰二乙胺) ●v. tr.  1  sweeten with sugar (加糖)使变甜 2  make (one's words, meaning, etc.) more pleasant or welcome 粉饰，美化(言语、意思等) 3  coat with sugar 用糖裹上，给…包糖衣  sugared almond  糖衣杏仁 4  spread a sugar mixture on (a tree) to catch moths 在(树)上抹糖诱捕飞蛾 □ sugar the pill   see 见 PILL □ sugarless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French çukre, sukere from Italian zucchero, probably via medieval Latin succarum from Arabic sūkkar]

sugar beet n.  a beet, Beta vulgaris, from which sugar is extracted 甜菜

sugar-candy  see 见 CANDY n. 1 

sugar cane n.  any perennial tropical grass of the genus Saccharum, esp. S. officinarum, with tall stout jointed stems from which sugar is made 甘蔗(多年生甘蔗属热带草本植物，可从其粗长的茎杆提取蔗糖)

sugar-coated adj.  1 (of food) enclosed in sugar (食物)包糖衣的，裹有糖的 2  made superficially attractive 外表吸引人的 3  excessively sentimental 过分多情的

sugar daddy n. (pl. -ies) slang  an elderly man who lavishes gifts on a young woman [俚语]甜爹(指给年轻女子滥送礼物的老年男子)

sugar-gum n.  an Australian eucalyptus, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, with sweet foliage eaten by cattle 糖桉树，甜叶桉树(一种澳大利亚桉树，其叶有甜味，可做牛饲草)

sugar loaf n.  a conical moulded mass of sugar 塔糖

sugar maple n.  a N. American maple, Acer saccharum, from the sap of which maple sugar and maple syrup are made 糖槭树(一种产于北美的槭树，其汁液可制作槭糖和槭糖浆)

sugar of lead n. Chem.  a white crystalline compound of lead that dissolves in water to form a sweet-tasting solution 【化】醋酸铅，乙酸铅

sugar pea n.  = MANGETOUT 

sugarplum /ˈʃʊɡəplʌm/ n. archaic  a small round sweet of flavoured boiled sugar [古义]球形小糖果

sugar snap n. (in full 全称 sugar snap pea)  = MANGETOUT 

sugar soap n. Brit.  an alkaline preparation containing washing soda and soap, used for cleaning or removing paint [英]糖皂(一种碱性化合物，含有洗涤苏打和肥皂，用于清洁或去漆)

sugary /ˈʃʊɡ(ə)ri/ adj.  1  containing or resembling sugar 含糖的；似糖的 2  excessively sweet or esp. sentimental 过于甜蜜的，(尤指)过分多情的 3  falsely sweet or pleasant 表面甜蜜的，貌似甜蜜的  sugary compliments  甜言蜜语的赞美 □ sugariness  n.  

suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  propose (a theory, plan, or hypothesis) 建议，提议；提出(理论、计划或假说)  suggested to them that they should wait  建议他们等待 suggested a different plan  提出一个不同的计划 2  a  cause (an idea, memory, association, etc.) to present itself; evoke 使联想到，使想到(一个主意、一段回忆、一个联想等)  this poem suggests peace  这首诗使人想到和平b  hint at 暗示；意味，表明  his behaviour suggests guilt  他的行为表明他有罪 □ suggest itself  (of an idea etc.) come into the mind (想法等)出现在脑海中□ suggester  n.   [Latin suggerere suggest- (as SUB-, gerere ‘bring’)]

suggestible /səˈdʒestib(ə)l/ adj.  1  capable of being suggested 可建议的，可提议的 2  open to suggestion; easily swayed 易受暗示的；易受影响的 □ suggestibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

suggestion /səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of suggesting; the state of being suggested 建议，提议；想到，想起 2  a theory, plan, etc., suggested 提出的理论(或计划等)  made a helpful suggestion  提出了一个有益的建议 3  a slight trace; a hint 痕迹；提示，暗示  a suggestion of garlic  稍有一点蒜味 4 Psychol. 【心】  a  the insinuation of a belief etc. into the mind 暗示b  such a belief etc. 暗示的观念(或想法等) [Middle English via Old French from Latin suggestio -onis (as SUGGEST)]

suggestive /səˈdʒestiv/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  conveying a suggestion; evocative 提示的，暗示的；引起联想的 2 (esp. of a remark, joke, etc.) indecent or improper by suggestion (尤指言语、玩笑等)挑逗的，令人产生邪念的 □ suggestively  adv.  □ suggestiveness  n.  

suicidal /su:iˈsaid(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  1  inclined to commit suicide 有自杀倾向的 2  of or concerning suicide 自杀的，与自杀有关的 3  self-destructive; fatally or disastrously rash 自我毁灭的；危及生命的，灾难性的 □ suicidally  adv.  

suicide /ˈsu:isaid, ˈsju:-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the intentional killing of oneself 自杀b  a person who commits suicide 自杀者 2  a self-destructive action or course 自毁性行为(或过程) (political suicide 政治自杀) 3 (作 attrib.) Mil.  designating a highly dangerous or deliberately suicidal operation etc. 【军】高度危险(或自杀性)的军事行动等  a suicide mission  自杀性任务 ●v. intr.  commit suicide 自杀 [modern Latin suicida, suicidium from Latin sui ‘of oneself’]

suicide pact n.  an agreement between two or more people to commit suicide together 自杀合约(两人或两人以上约定一起自杀的协议)

sui generis /su:ai ˈdʒen(ə)ris, su:i:, sju:-, ˈɡen-/ adj.  of its own kind; unique 自成一类的；独特的 [Latin]

sui juris /su:ai ˈdʒʊəris, su:i:, sju:-, ˈjʊə-/ adj. Law  of age; independent 【法律】已成年的，到法定年龄的；有自主权的 [Latin, literally ‘of one's own right’]

suint /swint/ n.  the natural grease in sheep's wool 羊毛汗，羊毛粗脂 [French from suer ‘sweat’]

suit /su:t, sju:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a set of outer clothes of matching material for men, consisting usu. of a jacket, trousers, and sometimes a waistcoat 一套男式衣服(通常包括上衣和裤子，有时还包括马甲)b  a similar set of clothes for women usu. having a skirt instead of trousers 一套女式衣服(通常包括上衣和裙子)c (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  a set of clothes for a special occasion, occupation, etc. (为某个特殊场合、职业等穿的)套装、套服  playsuit  运动服 swimsuit  游泳衣 2  a  any of the four sets (spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs) into which a pack of cards is divided (扑克牌中的)各花色的一组牌(指黑桃、红心、方块或梅花)b  a player's holding in a suit (打牌者手中持有的)同样花色的一组牌  his strong suit was clubs  他手里最强的牌是梅花c Bridge  one of the suits as proposed trumps in bidding, frequently as opposed to no trumps 【桥牌】长套花色(叫牌时可选择作为有将牌，通常相对于无将而言) 3 (in full 全称 suit at law)  a lawsuit 诉讼  criminal suit  刑事诉讼 4  a  a petition esp. to a person in authority (尤指向某一权威人物提出的)恳求，请求b  the process of courting a woman (对女子的)求爱，求婚  paid suit to her  向她求爱 5 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a set of sails, armour, etc. 一套(船帆等)；一副(盔甲等) 6 slang  a person wearing a suit; a business executive [俚语]衣冠楚楚的人；生意场上的老板 ●v.  1 tr.  go well with (a person's figure, features, character, etc.); become 适合于，适宜于(某人的体型、相貌、性格等)；与…相配 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  meet the demands or requirements of; satisfy; agree with 合乎…的要求；使满意；与…相称  does not suit all tastes  不是人人中意 that date will suit  那个日期合适 3 tr.  make fitting or appropriate; accommodate; adapt 使适合；使适宜；使适应  suited his style to his audience  使他的风格适合于观众的口味 4 tr. (as 作 suited adj.)  appropriate; well fitted 适合的；适宜的  not suited to be an engineer  不适合做工程师 □ suit the action to the word   carry out a promise or threat at once 说到就做到，立即兑现承诺(或威胁)□ suit oneself   1  do as one chooses 按自己的意愿行事 2  find something that satisfies one 找到能够满足自己需求的事物 [Middle English via Anglo-French siute, Old French si(e)ute from fem. past part. of a Romanic alteration of Latin sequi ‘follow’]

suitable /ˈsu:təb(ə)l, ˈsju:t-/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  well fitted for the purpose; appropriate 合适的；适合的；适宜的；适当的 □ suitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ suitableness  n.  □ suitably  adv.   [SUIT + -ABLE, on the pattern of agreeable]

suitcase /ˈsu:tkeis, ˈsju:t-/ n.  a usu. oblong case for carrying clothes etc., having a handle and a flat hinged lid (通常用于装衣服等的长方形)手提箱 □ suitcaseful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

suite /swi:t/ n.  1  a set of things belonging together, esp. 一套；一组；一副(尤指):a  a set of rooms in a hotel etc. (旅馆等的)套间b  a sofa, armchairs, etc., of the same design (样式相同的)组合沙发(或扶手椅) 2 Mus. 【音】  a  a set of instrumental compositions, originally in dance style, to be played in succession (由舞曲发展而来的)组曲b  a set of selected pieces from an opera, musical, etc., arranged to be played as one instrumental work (根据某一歌剧、音乐剧等的音乐组合而成的)组曲 3  a set of people in attendance; a retinue 随员，随从 [French (as SUIT)]

suiting /ˈsu:tiŋ, ˈsju:-/ n.  cloth used for making suits 套装衣料

suitor /ˈsu:tə, ˈsju:tə/ n.  1  a man seeking to marry a specified woman; a wooer 求婚者；求爱者 2  a plaintiff or petitioner in a lawsuit (诉讼案中的)起诉人，原告 3  a prospective buyer of a business or corporation; the maker of a takeover bid (某公司或企业的)竞买人；竞标接管人 [Middle English via Anglo-French seutor, suitour, etc. from Latin secutor -oris, from sequi secut- ‘follow’]

suk (also 亦作 sukh) var.  of SOUK SOUK 的变体

sukiyaki /sʊkiˈjæki, -ˈjɑ:ki/ n.  a Japanese dish of sliced meat fried rapidly with vegetables and sauce (将肉片和蔬菜、调味汁一起迅速煎炸的)日式火锅 [Japanese]

sulcate /ˈsʌlkeit/ adj.  grooved, fluted, channelled 有沟的，有槽的 [Latin sulcatus, past part. of sulcare ‘furrow’ (as SULCUS)]

sulcus /ˈsʌlkəs/ n. (pl. sulci /-sai/) Anat.  a groove or furrow, esp. on the surface of the brain 【解】沟，槽(尤指大脑的回间沟) [Latin]

sulfa US var.  of SULPHA [美] SULPHA 的变体

sulfamic US var.  of SULPHAMIC [美] SULPHAMIC 的变体

sulfanilamide US var.  of SULPHANILAMIDE [美] SULPHANILAMIDE 的变体

sulfate US var.  of SULPHATE [美] SULPHATE 的变体

sulfur US var.  of SULPHUR [美] SULPHUR 的变体

sulk /sʌlk/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  indulge in a sulk, be sulky 生闷气，愠怒 ●n. (also in pl. 亦用复数 , prec. by 前接 the)  a period of sullen esp. resentful silence or aloofness from others 生闷气，愠怒(尤指闷闷不乐或对他人不理不睬)  having a sulk  闷闷不乐的 got the sulks  在生闷气 □ sulker  n.   [perhaps back-formation from SULKY]

sulky /ˈsʌlki/ adj. & n. ●adj. (sulkier, sulkiest)  1  sullen, morose, or silent, esp. from resentment or ill temper (尤指因生气或情绪不好)闷闷不乐的，愠怒的，阴郁的 2  sluggish 懒散的，缓慢的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for one, esp. used in trotting races (尤指用于快步马轻驾车比赛的)双轮单座马车，轻驾车 □ sulkily  adv.  □ sulkiness  n.   [perhaps from obsolete sulke ‘hard to dispose of’, of uncertain origin]

sullage /ˈsʌlidʒ/ n.  filth, refuse, sewage 污物；废物；污水 [perhaps from Anglo-French suillage from souiller SOIL2]

sullen /ˈsʌlən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  morose, resentful, sulky, unforgiving, unsociable 愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，郁闷的，不搭理人的 2  a (of a thing) slow-moving (事物)缓慢的，迟缓的b  dismal, melancholy 阴沉的，阴暗的  a sullen sky  阴沉的天空 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 , usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) archaic  a sullen frame of mind; depression [古义]愠怒；郁闷 □ sullenly  adv.  □ sullenness  /-ənnis/ n.   [16th-c. alteration of Middle English solein ‘solitary’ from Anglo-French, from sol SOLE3]

sully /ˈsʌli/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  disgrace or tarnish (a person's reputation or character, a victory, etc.) 玷污，败坏(某人的名誉、性格、胜利等) 2 poet.  dirty; soil [诗]弄脏，污损 [perhaps from French souiller (as SOIL2)]

sulpha /ˈsʌlfə/ n. (US [美] sulfa)  any drug derived from sulphanilamide 磺胺制剂 often 常作 attrib.: sulpha drug  磺胺类药 [abbreviation]

sulphadimidine /sʌlfəˈdimidi:n/ n. Pharm.  a sulphonamide antibiotic used esp. to treat human urinary infections and to control respiratory disease in pigs 【药】磺胺二甲嘧啶(一种磺胺类抗生素，尤用于治疗人类泌尿感染和控制猪的呼吸系统疾病) [SULPHANILAMIDE + DI-1 + PYRIMIDINE]

sulphamic acid /sʌlˈfæmik/ n. (US [美] sulfamic acid)  a strong acid used in weedkiller, an amide of sulphuric acid 氨基磺酸(用作除草剂) □ sulphamate  /ˈsʌlfəmeit/ n.   [SULPHUR + AMIDE]

sulphanilamide /sʌlfəˈniləmaid/ n. (US [美] sulfanilamide)  a colourless sulphonamide drug with antibacterial properties 磺胺，对氨基苯磺酰胺(无色磺胺制剂，具有抗菌功能) [sulphanilic (SULPHUR, ANILINE) + AMIDE]

sulphate /ˈsʌlfeit/ n. (US [美] sulfate)  a salt or ester of sulphuric acid 硫酸盐；硫酸酯 [French sulfate from Latin sulphur]

sulphide /ˈsʌlfaid/ n. (US [美] sulfide) Chem.  a binary compound of sulphur 【化】硫化物

sulphite /ˈsʌlfait/ n. (US [美] sulfite) Chem.  a salt or ester of sulphurous acid 【化】亚硫酸盐；亚硫酸酯 [French sulfite, alteration of sulfate SULPHATE]

sulphonamide /sʌlˈfɒnəmaid/ n. (US [美] sulfonamide)  a substance derived from an amide of a sulphonic acid, able to prevent the multiplication of some pathogenic bacteria 磺胺类药 [SULPHONE + AMIDE]

sulphonate /ˈsʌlfəneit/ n. & v. Chem. 【化】  ●n.  a salt or ester of sulphonic acid 磺酸盐；磺酸酯 ●v. tr.  convert into a sulphonate by reaction with sulphuric acid 使磺化

sulphone /ˈsʌlfəʊn/ n. (US [美] sulfone)  an organic compound containing the SO2 group united directly to two carbon atoms 砜(硫酰基有机化合物，与两个碳原子直接连结的化合物) □ sulphonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.   [German Sulfon (as SULPHUR)]

sulphur /ˈsʌlfə/ n. & v. (US [美] sulfur) ●n.  1  a  a pale yellow non-metallic element having crystalline and amorphous forms, burning with a blue flame and a suffocating smell, and used in making gunpowder, matches, and sulphuric acid, in the vulcanizing of rubber, and in the treatment of skin diseases (symbol 符 S) 硫，硫磺b (作 attrib.)  like or containing sulphur 似硫的；含硫的 2  the material of which hellfire and lightning were believed to consist 硫火(一些人所相信的构成地狱之火和闪电的物质) 3  any yellow butterfly of the family Pieridae 粉蝶科黄色蝴蝶 4  a pale greenish-yellow colour 硫磺色，绿黄色 ●v. tr.  1  treat with sulphur 用硫处理 2  fumigate with sulphur 用硫磺熏 □ sulphury  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French sulf(e)re, Old French soufre from Latin sulfur, sulp(h)ur]

sulphurate /ˈsʌlfjʊreit/ v. tr. (US [美] sulfurate)  impregnate, fumigate, or treat with sulphur, esp. in bleaching (尤指漂白过程中)使硫化，用硫磺熏，用硫处理 □ sulphuration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ sulphurator  n.  

sulphur candle n.  a candle burnt to produce sulphur dioxide for fumigating 硫磺烛(其燃烧产生用于熏蒸的二氧化硫)

sulphur dioxide n.  a colourless pungent toxic gas formed by burning sulphur in air and used as a food preservative Chem. formula 化学分子式 : SO2. 二氧化硫

sulphureous /sʌlˈfjʊəriəs/ adj. (US [美] sulfureous)  1  of, like, or suggesting sulphur 硫的，似硫的，含硫的 2  sulphur-coloured; yellow 硫磺色的；黄色的 [Latin sulphureus from SULPHUR]

sulphuretted /sʌlfjʊˈretid/ adj. (US [美] sulfureted) archaic  containing sulphur in combination [古义]硫化的 [sulphuret ‘sulphide’ from modern Latin sulphuretum]

sulphuretted hydrogen n.  hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢

sulphuric /sʌlˈfjʊərik/ adj. (US [美] sulfuric) Chem.  containing hexavalent sulphur 【化】(正)硫的，含(六价)硫的 [French sulfurique (as SULPHUR)]

sulphuric acid n.  a dense oily colourless highly acid and corrosive liquid much used in the chemical industry Chem. formula 化学分子式 : H2SO4 硫酸

sulphurize /ˈsʌlfjʊraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise, US [美] sulfurize)  = SULPHURATE  □ sulphurization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French sulfuriser (as SULPHUR)]

sulphurous adj. (US [美] sulfurous)  1 /ˈsʌlf(ə)rəs/  relating to or suggestive of sulphur, esp. in colour (尤指颜色)似硫的，与硫有关的 2 /sʌlˈfjʊərəs/ Chem.  containing tetravalent sulphur 【化】(含)亚硫的 [Latin sulphurosus from SULPHUR]

sulphurous acid n.  an unstable weak acid used as a reducing and bleaching acid 亚硫酸

sulphur spring n.  a spring impregnated with sulphur or its compounds 含硫(或硫化物)矿泉

sultan /ˈsʌlt(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a Muslim sovereign 苏丹(穆斯林国家的最高统治者)b (作 the Sultan) hist.  the sultan of Turkey [史义]苏丹王(土耳其的君王) 2  a variety of white domestic fowl from Turkey 苏丹鸡，土耳小白鸡 □ sultanate  /-neit/ n.   [French sultan or medieval Latin sultanus from Arabic sulṭɑˉn ‘power, ruler’, from saluṭa ‘rule’]

sultana /sʌlˈtɑ:nə/ n.  1  a  a seedless raisin used in puddings, cakes, etc. (制作布丁、蛋糕等用的)无核葡萄干b  the small pale yellow grape producing this (制作无核葡萄干的淡黄色的)无核小葡萄 2  the mother, wife, concubine, or daughter of a sultan 苏丹女眷(指苏丹王的母后、王后、王妃或公主) [Italian, fem. of sultano = SULTAN]

sultry /ˈsʌltri/ adj. (sultrier, sultriest)  1 (of the atmosphere or the weather) hot or oppressive; close (空气或天气)酷热的；闷热的 2 (of a person, character, etc.) passionate; sensual (人、性格等)热情的；性感的 □ sultrily  adv.  □ sultriness  n.   [obsolete sulter SWELTER]

sum /sʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the total amount resulting from the addition of two or more items, facts, ideas, feelings, etc. (两个或更多的事项、事实、想法、情感等相加的)总数，总计，总和  the sum of two and three is five  2 和 3 的和是 5 the sum of their objections is this  他们反对的主要内容就是这些 2  a particular amount of money 款额，金额  paid a large sum for it  为它付了一大笔钱 3  a  an arithmetical problem 算术题  could not work out the sum  做不出这道算术题b (esp. pl. 尤用复数) colloq.  arithmetic work, esp. at an elementary level [口] (尤指初级的)算术  was good at sums  擅长算术 ●v. tr. (summed, summing)  find the sum of 计算…的总和 □ in sum   in brief 简言之，总之□ sum up   1 (esp. of a judge) recapitulate or review the evidence in a case etc. (尤指法官)概述，总结(案件等的证词) 2  form or express an idea of the character of (a person, situation, etc.) 估计，估量(某人、形势等) 3  collect into or express as a total or whole 概括，总结 [Middle English via Old French summe, somme from Latin summa ‘main part’, fem. of summus ‘highest’]

sumac /ˈs(j)u:mæk, ˈʃu:-/ n. (also 亦作 sumach)  1  any shrub or small tree of the genus Rhus or Cotinus, esp. R. coriaria of S. Europe, having reddish cone-shaped fruits used as a spice in cooking 漆树(漆树属或黄栌属灌木或小乔木中的一种，尤指南欧的马桑属灌木，结淡红色圆锥形果实，可用做烹调香料) 2  the dried and ground leaves of R. coriaria used in tanning and dyeing 漆叶(用作鞣料或染料) [Middle English via Old French sumac or medieval Latin sumac(h) from Arabic summɑˉḳ]

Sumatra /suˈmɑ:trə/ n.  苏门答腊(岛) [印度尼西亚西部]

Sumatran /sʊˈmɑ:trən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Sumatra, its people, or its language 苏门答腊(岛)的；苏门答腊人的；苏门答腊语的 ●n.  1  a  a native or inhabitant of Sumatra in Indonesia (印度尼西亚的)苏门答腊人b  a person of Sumatran descent 苏门答腊人后裔 2  the language of Sumatra 苏门答腊语

Sumerian /sʊˈmiəriən, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the early and non-Semitic element in the civilization of ancient Babylonia 苏美尔的(古巴比伦早期的非闪米特文化) ●n.  1  a member of the early non-Semitic people of ancient Babylonia 苏美尔人 2  the Sumerian language 苏美尔语 [French sumérien from Sumer in Babylonia (now in southern Iraq)]

summa /ˈsʊmə, ˈsʌmə/ n. (pl. summae /-mi:/)  a summary of what is known of a subject (学科的)总结，概述 [Middle English from Latin: see SUM]

summa cum laude /sʌmə kʌm ˈlɔ:di:, sʊmə kʊm ˈlaʊdei/ adv. & adj. esp. N. Amer. (of a degree, diploma, etc.) of the highest standard; with the highest distinction [尤北美] (学位、证书等)最高水准的；最优成绩的 [Latin, = with highest praise]

summarize /ˈsʌməraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make or be a summary of; sum up 总结，概述，概括 □ summarist  n.  □ summarizable  adj.  □ summarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ summarizer  n.  

summary /ˈsʌm(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a brief account; an abridgement 总结；概要，概略 ●adj.  1  dispensing with needless details or formalities; brief 概括的，总结性的；简要的  a summary account  概括的报道 2 Law (of a trial etc.) without the customary legal formalities 【法律】(审判等)即决的，简易(程序)的  summary justice  即决裁判 □ summarily  adv.  □ summariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin summarium, from summa SUM]

summary conviction n.  a conviction made by a judge or magistrates without a jury 即决裁定，简易判罪(指不用陪审团参与而由法官或地方法官直接做出的定罪)

summary jurisdiction n.  the authority of a court to use summary proceedings and arrive at a judgement 简易审判权(即法院可用简易程序进行审判的权限)

summary offence n.  an offence within the scope of a summary court 即决犯罪(即可由简易法庭审判的犯罪)

summation /sʌˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the finding of a total or sum; an addition 求和；相加 2  a summing-up 总结 □ summational  adj.  □ summative  adj.  

summer1 /ˈsʌmə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the warmest season of the year, in the northern hemisphere from June to August and in the southern hemisphere from December to February 夏天，夏季 2 Astron.  the period from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox 【天】从夏至到秋分的这段时间 3  the hot weather typical of summer (夏季典型的)暑热天气 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the mature stage of life; the height of achievement, powers, etc. (人生的)壮年期；(成就、权力等的)全盛期 5 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) poet.  a year (esp. of a person's age) [诗]岁，年(尤指人的年龄)  a child of ten summers  一个 10 岁的孩子 6 (作 attrib.)  characteristic of or suitable for summer 具有夏季特点的；适合于夏季的  summer clothes  夏季服装 ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in)  pass the summer 过夏天 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, in)  pasture (cattle) 放牧(牛群) □ summerless  adj.  □ summerly  adv.  □ summery  adj.   [Old English sumor]

summer2 /ˈsʌmə/ n. (in full 全称 summer-tree)  a horizontal bearing beam, esp. one supporting joists or rafters (尤指支撑小梁或椽子的)檩条，大梁，横梁 [Middle English via Anglo-French sumer, somer ‘packhorse, beam’, Old French somier and Late Latin sagmarius, from sagma, from Greek sagma ‘packsaddle’]

summer house n.  a light building in a garden etc. used for sitting in in fine weather (花园等中的)凉亭

summer lightning n.  sheet lightning without thunder, resulting from a distant storm (由远处暴风雨所引起的听不到雷声的)片状闪电，热闪电

summer pudding n. Brit.  a pudding of soft summer fruit encased in bread or sponge [英] (用水果面包或水果蛋糕制作的)夏令布丁

summersault var.  of SOMERSAULT  SOMERSAULT 的变体

summer school n.  1 esp. Brit.  a course of lectures etc. held during the summer vacation, esp. at a university [尤英] (尤指大学里暑期举办讲座等的)暑期学校，暑期班 2 esp. US  a course of remedial or accelerating classes held in the summer [尤美]暑期补习班；(为加快课程速度的)暑期学习班

summer season n.  a summer period during which people are employed with holiday entertainment, trade, etc. (与夏季假期娱乐业、商业等相关的)夏季雇佣期

summer solstice n.  the solstice at midsummer, at the time of the longest day, about 21 June in the northern hemisphere and 22 Dec. in the southern hemisphere; in Astron., the solstice in June 夏至(一年中白天最长的日子，北半球约在 6 月 21 日，南半球约在 12 月 22 日)；【天】夏至点

summer time n. Brit.  time as advanced one hour ahead of standard time for daylight saving in summer, esp. British Summer Time (cf. 参见 DAYLIGHT TIME) [英] (将钟点拨快一小时的)夏令时间(尤指英国的夏令时)

summertime /ˈsʌmətaim/ n.  the season or period of summer (cf. 参见 SUMMER TIME) 夏季；夏天

summer-weight adj. (of clothes) suitable for use in summer, esp. because of their light weight (衣服因轻薄而)适合夏季穿的

summing-up n.  1  a review of evidence and a direction given by a judge to a jury (法官对某一案件所有证据向陪审团做的)总结性概述 2  a recapitulation of the main points of an argument, case, etc. (对某一争论、案件等要点的)概括，总结

summit /ˈsʌmit/ n.  1  the highest point, esp. of a mountain; the apex 最高点(尤指山峰的峰顶)；顶点 2  the highest degree of power, ambition, etc. (权力、野心等的)顶峰，极点 3 (in full 全称 summit meeting, talks, etc.)  a discussion, esp. on disarmament etc., between heads of government (尤指政府首脑之间就裁军等问题举行的)最高级会谈，峰会 □ summitless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French somet, som(m)ete, from som ‘top’, from Latin summum, neut. of summus ‘highest’]

summiteer /sʌmiˈtiə/ n.  1  a participant in a summit meeting 参加峰会者 2  a climber who has completed an ascent to a summit 登上顶峰的登山者

summon /ˈsʌmən/ v. tr.  1  call upon to appear, esp. as a defendant or witness in a law court 传唤，传讯(尤指传唤被告或证人出庭) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  call upon 要求，请求  summoned her to assist  要求她来帮忙 3  call together for a meeting or some other purpose 召集  summoned the members to attend  召集会员开会 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 up and to, for)  gather (courage, spirits, resources, etc.) 鼓起(勇气等)；振作(精神等)；集中(资源等)  summoned up her strength for the task  她鼓足勇气去完成这项任务 □ summonable  adj.  □ summoner  n.   [Middle English via Old French somondre from Latin summonēre (as SUB-, monēre ‘warn’)]

summons /ˈsʌm(ə)nz/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. summonses)  1  an authoritative or urgent call to attend on some occasion or do something 命令，召唤 2  a  a call to appear before a judge or magistrate (法庭的)传唤，传讯b  the writ containing such a summons 传票 ●v. tr. esp. Law  serve with a summons 【法律】用传票传唤 [Middle English via Old French somonce, sumunse from Latin summonita, fem. past part. of summonēre: see SUMMON]

summum bonum /sʊməm ˈbɒnəm, sʌməm ˈbəʊnəm/ n.  the highest good, esp. as the end or determining principle in an ethical system (尤指道德体系中作为终极或决定原则的)至善 [Latin]

sumo /ˈsu:məʊ/ n.  a style of Japanese heavyweight wrestling, in which a participant is defeated by touching the ground with any part of the body except the soles of the feet or by moving outside the marked area 相扑(日式摔交，比赛中一方如被逼出场外或除脚以外的身体任意部分触地即算失败) often 常作 attrib.: sumo wrestler  相扑运动员 [Japanese]

sump /sʌmp/ n.  1  a pit, well, hole, etc., in which superfluous liquid collects in mines, machines, etc. (矿井、机器等中过剩液体形成的)集水坑，集水槽；污水渗井 2  a cesspool 污水池，污水坑 [Middle English, = marsh, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German sump or (in mining) German Sumpf, related to SWAMP]

sumpter /ˈsʌm(p)tə/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a packhorse 驮马 2  any pack animal 驮畜  sumpter-mule  驮骡 [Middle English from Old French som(m)etier via Late Latin from Greek sagma -atos ‘packsaddle’: cf. SUMMER2]

sumptuary /ˈsʌm(p)tjʊəri/ adj.  1  regulating expenditure 规定费用的 2 (of a law or edict etc.) limiting private expenditure in the interests of the state (法律或法令等) (为国家利益而)限制个人费用的 [Latin sumptuarius, via sumptus ‘cost’ from sumere sumpt- ‘take’]

sumptuous /ˈsʌm(p)tjʊəs/ adj.  rich, lavish, costly 豪华的，奢侈的，奢华的  a sumptuous setting  奢华的环境 □ sumptuosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ sumptuously  adv.  □ sumptuousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French somptueux from Latin sumptuosus (as SUMPTUARY)]

sum total n.  = SUMn. 1 

Sun. abbr. [缩略]  Sunday 

sun /sʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the star round which the earth orbits and from which it receives light and warmth 日，太阳b  any similar star in the universe with or without planets 恒星 2  the light or warmth received from the sun 阳光，日光；太阳热能  pull down the blinds and keep out the sun  拉下百叶窗遮挡阳光 3 poet.  a day or a year [诗] (一)日；(一)年 4 poet.  a person or thing regarded as a source of glory, radiance, etc. [诗]荣耀(或光辉等)的人(或物) ●v. (sunned, sunning)  1 refl.  bask in the sun 晒太阳 2 tr.  expose to the sun 晒，曝 3 intr.  sun oneself (自己)晒太阳 □ against the sun   anticlockwise 逆时针方向的□ beneath (or under) the sun   anywhere in the world 天下，世界上□ in the sun   exposed to the sun's rays 在阳光下□ on which the sun never sets  (of an empire etc.) worldwide (帝国等)疆土遍及全世界的□ one's sun is set   the time of one's prosperity is over 某人的全盛时期已经过去□ take (or shoot) the sun  Naut.  ascertain the altitude of the sun with a sextant in order to fix the latitude 【海】测算太阳高度(以确定纬度)□ with the sun   clockwise 顺时针方向的□ sunless  adj.  □ sunlessness  n.  □ sunlike  adj.  □ sunward  adj. & adv.  □ sunwards  adv.   [Old English sunne, sunna]

sun and planet n.  a system of gearing cogwheels 行星齿轮系

sun-baked adj.  dried or hardened or baked from the heat of the sun 日晒的；晒干的；晒硬的

sun-bath n.  a period of exposing the body to the sun 日光浴

sunbathe /ˈsʌnbeið/ v. intr.  bask in the sun, esp. to tan the body (尤指为晒黑皮肤而)晒太阳，进行日光浴 □ sunbather  n.  

sunbeam /ˈsʌnbi:m/ n.  a ray of sunlight (一束)日光

sun bear n.  a small black bear, Helarctos malayanus, of SE Asia, with a light-coloured mark on its chest 马来熊(产于东南亚的一种体型很小的黑熊，其胸部有一块浅颜色的斑痕)

sunbed /ˈsʌnbed/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a lightweight usu. folding chair with a seat long enough to support the legs, used for sunbathing (通常可以折叠的)日光浴浴床 2  a bed for lying on under a sunlamp 太阳灯浴浴床

sunbelt /ˈsʌnbelt/ n.  a strip of territory receiving a high amount of sunshine, esp. the region in the southern US stretching from California to Florida 阳光地带(尤指美国南部自加利福尼亚州至佛罗里达州一带地区)

sunbird /ˈsʌnbɜ:d/ n.  any small bright-plumaged Old World bird of the family Nectariniidae, resembling a hummingbird 太阳鸟(产于欧洲的任意一种有着鲜艳羽毛的貌像蜂鸟的小鸟)

sunblind /ˈsʌnblaind/ n. Brit.  a window awning [英]遮篷；遮阳帘，百叶窗

sunblock /ˈsʌnblɒk/ n.  a cream or lotion for protecting the skin from the sun 防晒膏(或霜)

sun-bonnet n.  a bonnet of cotton etc. covering the neck and shading the face, esp. for children (尤指儿童使用的棉布等材料制作的)阔边遮阳帽

sunbow /ˈsʌnbəʊ/ n.  a spectrum of colours like a rainbow produced by the sun shining on spray etc. (阳光通过照射水花等折射而成的)日虹

sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  reddening and inflammation of the skin caused by over-exposure to the sun 晒红，晒伤 ●v. intr.  1  suffer from sunburn 晒红皮肤，晒伤皮肤 2 (as 作 sunburnt or sunburned adj.)  suffering from sunburn; brown or tanned 晒伤的；晒红的，晒黑的

sunburst /ˈsʌnbɜ:st/ n.  1  something resembling the sun and its rays, esp. 太阳(或阳光)状物(尤指):a  an ornament, brooch, etc. 日形饰物(或饰针等)b  a firework 似太阳般光芒四射的焰火 2  the sun shining suddenly from behind clouds (破云而出的)阳光突现

sun cream n.  cream for protecting the skin from sunburn and for promoting suntanning (保护皮肤不被晒伤同时又促使皮肤晒成古铜色的)防晒霜，防晒乳

sundae /ˈsʌndei, -di/ n.  a dish of ice cream with fruit, nuts, syrup, etc. 圣代冰淇凌(一种加有水果、果仁、糖浆等的冰淇凌) [perhaps from SUNDAY]

sun-dance n.  a dance of N. American Indians in honour of the sun 太阳舞，拜日舞(北美印第安人表示对太阳崇敬的舞蹈)

Sunday /ˈsʌndei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  the first day of the week, a Christian holiday and day of worship 星期日；(基督教徒的)礼拜日 2  a newspaper published on a Sunday 星期日报(星期日出版的报纸) ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Sunday 在星期日 2 (作 Sundays)  on Sundays; each Sunday 在星期日；在每个星期日 [Old English sunnandœg, translation of Latin dies solis, Greek hēmera hēliou ‘day of the sun’]

Sunday best n. often joc.  a person's best clothes, kept for Sunday use [常诙] (留在星期日穿的)礼拜服；最好的衣服

Sunday driver n.  a person who drives chiefly at weekends, esp. slowly or unskilfully (一般只逢周末才开车的，尤指开得慢或不熟练的)星期日司机，星期日驾驶员

Sunday letter n.  = DOMINICAL LETTER 

Sunday painter n.  an amateur painter, esp. one with little training (尤指几乎未经过专业训练的)业余画家

Sunday school n.  a school for the religious instruction of children on Sundays 主日学校(指在星期日对儿童进行宗教教育的学校)

sun deck n.  1  the upper deck of a steamer (客船上的)日光甲板 2 N. Amer.  a terrace or balcony positioned to catch the sun [北美]用于晒太阳的游廊(或屋顶、阳台等)

sunder /ˈsʌndə/ v. tr. & intr. archaic or literary  separate, sever [古义] [文学用语]分开，隔开；切断，割裂 □ in sunder   apart 分开着；隔断着 [Old English sundrian, from ɑˉsundrian etc.: in sunder from Middle English from o(n)sunder ASUNDER]

sundew /ˈsʌndju:/ n.  any small insect-consuming bog plant of the family Droseraceae, esp. of the genus Drosera with hairs secreting drops of moisture 茅膏菜(茅膏菜科，尤指茅膏菜属食虫植物，长有分泌黏液的触毛)

sundial /ˈsʌndaiəl/ n.  an instrument showing the time by the shadow of a pointer cast by the sun on to a graduated plate 日规，日晷(仪)

sun-disc n.  a winged disc, emblematic of the sun-god 翼盘，日轮(太阳神的象征)

sun-dog n.  = PARHELION 

sundown /ˈsʌndaʊn/ n.  sunset 日落

sundowner /ˈsʌndaʊnə/ n.  1 Austral. & NZ colloq.  a tramp, originally one who arrived at a sheep station etc. in the evening (under the pretence of seeking work) so as to obtain food and shelter [澳新口]无业游民(源自日暮时到牧场等中佯装找工作实则借住乞食的流浪者) 2 Brit. colloq.  an alcoholic drink taken at sunset [英口]日落时喝的酒

sundress /ˈsʌndres/ n.  a dress without sleeves and with a low neck 太阳裙(前后领口开得很低的无袖连衣裙)

sun-dried adj.  dried by the sun, not by artificial heat 晒干的，晒枯的

sundry /ˈsʌndri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  various; several 杂七杂八的，各种各样的  sundry items  杂项 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in pl. 用复数)  items or oddments not mentioned individually 杂项；杂物 2 Austral. Cricket [澳]【板球】  = EXTRAn. 5  [Old English syndrig ‘separate’, related to SUNDER]

sunfast /ˈsʌnfɑ:st/ adj. US (of dye) not subject to fading by sunlight [美] (染料)耐晒的

sunfish /ˈsʌnfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. Same 通常单复同)  any of various fishes of rounded form or brilliant appearance, esp. a very large ocean fish, Mola mola, with a circular laterally flattened body 太阳鱼，翻车鱼(具有圆形或色彩斑斓的身体，尤指翻车鲀，一种大型海洋鱼类，体型圆而两侧扁平)

sunflower /ˈsʌnflaʊə/ n.  any very tall plant of the genus Helianthus, esp. H. annus with very large showy golden-rayed flowers, grown also for its seeds which yield an edible oil 向日葵(有很大的阳光般金色艳丽的花盘，亦为收获其种籽而种植，其籽可用以提取食用油)

sung past part.  of SING  

sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑ:siz/ n. pl.  glasses tinted to protect the eyes from sunlight or glare 太阳眼镜，墨镜

sun-god n.  the sun worshipped as a deity 太阳神，日神

sunhat /ˈsʌnhæt/ n.  a hat designed to protect the head from the sun 阔边遮阳帽

sun-helmet n.  a helmet of cork etc. formerly worn by white people in the tropics (用软木等制成的，早期为热带地区的白人所戴的)硬壳太阳帽

sun in splendour n. Heraldry  the sun with rays and a human face 【纹章学】(四周有太阳光芒的)太阳脸谱纹章

sunk past and past part.  of SINK 

sunken /ˈsʌŋk(ə)n/ adj.  1  that has been sunk 下陷的，凹陷的 2  beneath the surface; submerged 低洼的；沉没的 3 (of the eyes, cheeks, etc.) hollow, depressed (眼睛、脸颊等)凹陷的，下陷的 [past part. of SINK]

sunken garden n.  a garden placed below the general level of its surroundings 低地花园

sunk fence n.  a fence formed by, or along the bottom of, a ditch (以地沟形成的或造在界沟中的)隐篱，暗墙

sun-kissed adj.  warmed or affected by the sun 阳光照射过的；晒过的

sunlamp /ˈsʌnlæmp/ n.  1  a lamp giving ultraviolet rays for an artificial suntan, therapy, etc. (为晒黑皮肤或治疗等目的而使用的能够放射紫外线的)太阳灯 2 Cinematog.  a large lamp with a parabolic reflector used in film-making 【电影】(拍摄电影时使用的)强光照明灯

sunlight /ˈsʌnlait/ n.  light from the sun 阳光，日光 □ sunlit  adj.  

sun lounge n. Brit.  a room with large windows, designed to receive sunlight [英] (安有大窗户的)日光浴室

sunlounger /ˈsʌnlaʊn(d)ʒə/ n. Brit. [英]  = SUNBED 1 

sunn /sʌn/ n. (in full 全称 sunn hemp)  a hemplike fibre of southern Asia 印度麻，菽麻；印度麻纤维，菽麻纤维 [Urdu & Hindi san from Sanskrit šɑˉṇɑˊ ‘hempen’]

Sunna /ˈsʊnə, ˈsʌnə/ n.  a traditional portion of Muslim law based on Muhammad's words or acts, accepted (together with the Koran) as authoritative by Muslims 逊奈(即“圣行”，基于穆罕默德的言行的传统伊斯兰法规的一部分，与《古兰经》一起被穆斯林视为权威性的教义) [Arabic, = form, way, course, rule]

Sunni /ˈsʊni, ˈsʌni/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Sunnis)  1  one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from the Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its rejection of Ali as Muhammad's first successor (cf. 参见 SHIA) 逊尼派(伊斯兰教两大派别之一，一般被视为正统派，与什叶派在对逊奈的理解上有分歧，并且不承认阿里是穆罕默德的第一继承人) 2  an adherent of this branch of Islam 逊尼派教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to Sunni 逊尼派的；逊尼派教徒的

sunny /ˈsʌni/ adj. (sunnier, sunniest)  1  a  bright with sunlight 阳光灿烂的；阳光充足的b  exposed to or warmed by the sun 日晒的；晒暖的 2  cheery and bright in temperament 乐观的，开朗的 □ sunnily  adv.  □ sunniness  n.  

sunny side n.  1  the side of a house, street, etc., that gets most sun (房子、街道等的)阳面，向阳的一面 2  the more cheerful aspect of circumstances etc. (情况等的)光明面，乐观的一面  always looks on the sunny side  总是乐观地看问题 □ sunny side up  N. Amer. (of an egg) fried on one side only [北美] (鸡蛋)单煎一面的

sunray pleats n. pl.  widening pleats radiating out from a skirt's waistband (裙子的)辐射式褶裥

sunrays /ˈsʌnreiz/ n. pl.  1  sunbeams 太阳光线 2  ultraviolet rays used therapeutically (用于医疗的)紫外线

sunrise /ˈsʌnraiz/ n.  1  the sun's rising at dawn 日出 2  the coloured sky associated with this 晨曦，朝霞 3  the time at which sunrise occurs 黎明，拂晓

sunrise industry n.  any newly established industry, esp. in electronics and telecommunications, regarded as signalling prosperity 朝阳工业(尤指电子业和通讯业，被认为是大有前途的产业)

sunroof /ˈsʌnru:f/ n.  a sliding roof on a car (汽车的)天窗

sunroom /ˈsʌnru:m, -rʊm/ n.  1  = SUN LOUNGE  2 esp. N. Amer.  a solarium [尤北美]日光浴室

sunscreen /ˈsʌnskri:n/ n.  a cream or lotion rubbed on to the skin to protect it from the sun 防晒霜；防晒液

sunset /ˈsʌnset/ n.  1  the sun's setting in the evening 日落 2  the coloured sky associated with this 晚霞 3  the time at which sunset occurs 黄昏，傍晚 4  the declining period of life (生命的)晚年，老年

sunset provision n. US  a provision for an agency or programme to be disbanded or terminated at the end of a fixed period unless formally renewed [美]“日落”条款(有关一个机构或项目在一定时间内如果没有被正式批准延续其活动则必须解散或取消的条款)

sunshade /ˈsʌnʃeid/ n.  1  a parasol 遮阳伞 2  an awning 遮阳篷

sunshine /ˈsʌnʃain/ n.  1  a  the light of the sun 日光，阳光b  an area lit by the sun 阳光照射的地方 2  fine weather 晴天 3  cheerfulness; joy 欢乐；快乐  brought sunshine into her life  给她的生活带来了欢乐 4 Brit. colloq.  a form of address [英口]你好(一种称呼语) □ sunshiny  adj.  

sunshine law n. US  a law requiring certain official meetings, records, etc., of certain government agencies to be open or available to the public [美]日光法，公开性保障法(规定必须向公众公开某些官方政府机构的某些官方会议、记录等的法律)

sunshine roof n. Brit. [英]  = SUNROOF 

Sunshine State n.  any of the States of New Mexico, South Dakota, California, and Florida (美国)阳光州(指新墨西哥州、南达科他州、加利福尼亚州和佛罗里达州)

sunspot /ˈsʌnspɒt/ n.  one of the dark patches, changing in shape and size and lasting for varying periods, observed on the sun's surface 太阳黑子

sunstar /ˈsʌnstɑ:/ n.  any starfish of the genus Solaster, with many arms 海盘车，海星(太阳海星属的任一种，长有很多触手)

sunstone /ˈsʌnstəʊn/ n.  a cat's-eye gem, esp. feldspar with embedded flecks of haematite etc. 日光石，猫眼石(一种宝石，尤指镶嵌了赤铁矿微粒的长石等)

sunstroke /ˈsʌnstrəʊk/ n.  acute prostration or collapse from the excessive heat of the sun 中暑

sunsuit /ˈsʌnsu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a playsuit, esp. for children, suitable for sunbathing (尤指适于儿童在阳光下玩耍时穿的)太阳装

suntan /ˈsʌntæn/ n. & v. ●n.  the brownish colouring of skin caused by exposure to the sun (皮肤的)晒黑 ●v. intr. (-tanned, -tanning)  colour the skin with a suntan 晒黑，晒成古铜色

suntrap /ˈsʌntræp/ n. Brit.  a place sheltered from the wind and suitable for catching the sunshine [英]向阳避风处

sunup /ˈsʌnʌp/ n. esp. N. Amer.  sunrise [尤北美]日出

sun visor n.  a fixed or movable shield at the top of a vehicle windscreen to shield the eyes from the sun (安在车辆挡风玻璃上方的，固定或能移动的)遮阳板

sup1 /sʌp/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (supped, supping)  1  take (soup, tea, etc.) by sips or spoonfuls 小口地喝，用汤匙喝，抿(汤、茶等) 2 esp. N. Engl. colloq.  drink (alcohol) [尤北美口]喝(酒) ●n.  a sip of liquid 一小口(饮料) [Old English sūpan]

sup2 /sʌp/ v. intr. (supped, supping) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off, on) archaic  take supper [古义]吃晚饭 [Old French super, soper]

sup- /sʌp, səp/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before p (用于字母 p 前) SUB- 的同化形式

Supadriv /ˈsu:pədraiv/ n. propr.  a type of cross-head screwdriver which holds a screw unsupported on its tip while the hole is located [商标]苏帕德利夫改锥(一种磁性十字头改锥)

super /ˈsu:pə, ˈsju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (also 亦作 super-duper /-ˈdu:pə/) (also as 亦作 int.) colloq.  exceptional; splendid [口]极好的；绝妙的 2 Commerce 【商业】  = SUPERFINE 1  3 Brit. Commerce (of a measure) superficial, in square (not lineal or solid) measure [英]【商业】(测量)表面的，平方的  120 super ft; 120ft super  120 平方英尺 ●n. colloq. [口]  1 Theatr.  a supernumerary actor 【戏】跑龙套的角色 2  a superintendent 监督人，监管人 3  superphosphate 过磷酸钙 4  an extra, unwanted, or unimportant person; a supernumerary 额外(或多余、无足轻重)的人(或物)；冗余的人(或物) 5 Commerce  superfine cloth or manufacture 【商业】特级布料；特级制造 [abbreviation]

super- /ˈsu:pə, ˈsju:-/ comb. form forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs, meaning [构词成分]构成名词、形容词和动词，表示 :  1  above, beyond, or over in place or time or conceptually (superstructure 上层建筑 ; supernormal 超常的 ; superimpose 附加) 上方；超过，过分；进一步，更大范围 2  to a great or extreme degree (superabundant 过多的 ; supereminent 非常突出的) 极度的，极其的 3  extra good or large of its kind (supertanker 超级油轮) 特级的；特大的 4  of a higher kind, esp. in names of classificatory divisions (superclass 总纲) (尤指类别名称)更高一级的 [from or suggested by Latin super- from super ‘above, beyond’]

superable /ˈsu:p(ə)rəb(ə)l, ˈsju:-/ adj.  able to be overcome 能克服的，能战胜的 [Latin superabilis from superare ‘overcome’]

superabound /su:p(ə)rəˈbaʊnd, sju:-/ v. intr.  be very or too abundant 极多；过多 [Late Latin superabundare (as SUPER-, ABOUND)]

superabundant /su:p(ə)rəˈbʌnd(ə)nt, sju:-/ adj.  abounding beyond what is normal or right 极多的；过多的 □ superabundance  n.  □ superabundantly  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin superabundare: see SUPERABOUND]

superadd /su:pərˈæd, sju:-/ v. tr.  add over and above 外加，添加 □ superaddition  /-əˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin superaddere (as SUPER-, ADD)]

superaltar /ˈsu:pərɔ:ltə, -rɒl-, sju:-/ n. Eccl.  a portable slab of stone consecrated for use on an unconsecrated altar etc. 【教会】圣餐台(指放在未祝圣过的祭坛上用的祝圣过的可搬动石板) [Middle English from medieval Latin superaltare (as SUPER-, ALTAR)]

superannuate /su:pərˈænjʊeit, sju:-/ v. tr.  1  retire (a person) with a pension 使(某人)领取养老金退休 2  dismiss or discard as too old for use, work, etc. (因年老而)解雇；(因过旧而)淘汰 3 (as 作 superannuated adj.)  too old for work or use; obsolete 老朽的，老弱无能的；过时的，陈旧的 4  a  make (a post) pensionable 使(某一职位)有领取养老金资格b  make pensionable the post of (an employee) 使(某一雇员的)职位有领取养老金资格 □ superannuable  adj.   [back-formation from superannuated from medieval Latin superannuatus, from Latin SUPER- + annus ‘year’]

superannuation /ˌsu:pərænjʊˈeiʃ(ə)n, ˌsju:-/ n.  1  a pension paid to a retired person 退休金 2  a regular payment made towards this by an employed person (雇员为得到退休金而需按期支付的)养老金 3  the process or an instance of superannuating 领取养老金退休

superaqueous /ˌsu:pərˈeikwiəs, ˌsju:-/ adj.  above water 水上的

superb /su:ˈpɜ:b, sju:-/ adj.  1  of the most impressive, splendid, grand, or majestic kind 极其令人难忘的；宏伟的，壮丽的；华美的  superb courage  超凡的勇气 a superb specimen  一流的标本 2 colloq.  excellent; fine [口]优秀的；极佳的 □ superbly  adv.  □ superbness  n.   [French superbe or Latin superbus ‘proud’]

Super Bowl n. propr. (in American football) the deciding game played annually between the champions of the National Football League and the American Football Conference [商标]超级杯赛(指美国全美橄榄球职业联赛与美国橄榄球联合会锦标赛的冠军之间所进行的一年一度的比赛)

supercalender /su:pəˈkælində, ˌsju:-/ v. tr.  give a highly glazed finish to (paper) by extra calendering (对纸)进行超级压光处理

supercargo /su:pəˈkɑ:ɡəʊ, sju:-/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  an officer in a merchant ship managing sales etc. of cargo (商船上管理货物销售等的)押运员，货物管理员 [earlier supracargo from Spanish sobrecargo, from sobre ‘over’ + cargo CARGO]

supercede var.  of SUPERSEDE  SUPERSEDE 的变体

supercelestial /ˌsu:pəsiˈlestiəl, ˌsju:-/ adj.  1  above the heavens 天外的 2  more than heavenly 超天国的 [Late Latin supercaelestis (as SUPER-, CELESTIAL)]

supercharge /ˈsu:pətʃɑ:dʒ, ˈsju:-/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  charge (the atmosphere etc.) with energy, emotion, etc. (由于能量等)使(空气等)超负荷；(由于情感等)使(气氛等)过度 2  use a supercharger on (an internal-combustion engine) 用增压器(为内燃机)增压

supercharger /ˈsu:pətʃɑ:dʒə, ˈsju:-/ n.  a device supplying air or fuel to an internal-combustion engine at above normal pressure to increase efficiency 增压器(为内燃机提供空气和燃料以提高内燃机压力增加功效的仪器)

superciliary /su:pəˈsiliəri, sju:-/ adj. Anat.  of or concerning the eyebrow; over the eye 【解】眉毛的；与眉毛相关的；眼睛上的 [Latin supercilium ‘eyebrow’ (as SUPER-, cilium ‘eyelid’)]

supercilious /su:pəˈsiliəs, sju:-/ adj.  assuming an air of contemptuous indifference or superiority 目空一切的，傲慢的，自大的 □ superciliously  adv.  □ superciliousness  n.   [Latin superciliosus (as SUPERCILIARY)]

superclass /ˈsu:pəklɑ:s, ˈsju:-/ n.  a taxonomic category between class and phylum (分类学中处于门与纲之间的)总纲；亚门

supercolumnar /ˌsu:pəkəˈlʌmnə, ˌsju:-/ adj. Archit.  having one order or set of columns above another 【建】重列柱式的 □ supercolumniation  /-niˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

supercomputer /ˈsu:pəkəmpju:tə, ˈsju:-/ n.  an exceptionally powerful mainframe computer capable of dealing with complex problems 巨型计算机，超级计算机(能够进行复杂计算的具有极强功能的大型计算机) □ supercomputing  n.  

superconductivity /ˌsu:pəkɒndʌkˈtiviti, ˌsju:-/ n. Physics  the property of zero electrical resistance in some substances at very low absolute temperatures 【物理学】超导(电)性(指处于绝对零度左右时一些物质电阻几乎为零的特性) □ superconducting  /-kənˈdʌktiŋ/ adj.  □ superconductive  /-kənˈdʌktiv/ adj.  

superconductor /ˌsu:pəkənˈdʌktə, ˌsju:-/ n. Physics  a substance having superconductivity 【物理学】超导体

superconscious /su:pəˈkɒnʃəs, sju:-/ adj.  transcending human consciousness 超意识的 □ superconsciously  adv.  □ superconsciousness  n.  

supercontinent /ˈsu:pəkɒntinənt, ˈsju:-/ n. Geol.  each of several large land masses thought to have divided to form the present continents in the geological past 【地质】超大陆(假想的几个巨大的早期大陆之一，由这些大陆板块分裂出现在的大陆)

supercool /su:pəˈku:l, sju:-/ v. & adj. ●v. Chem. 【化】  1 tr.  cool (a liquid) below its freezing point without solidification or crystallization 使(液体)过冷(指使液体冷到凝固点以下而不凝结) 2 intr. (of a liquid) be cooled in this way (液体)过冷 ●adj. slang  very cool, relaxed, fine, etc. [俚语]极凉快的；非常自在的(或极好的等)

supercritical /su:pəˈkritik(ə)l, sju:-/ adj. Physics  of more than critical mass etc. 【物理学】超临界的

super-duper var.  of SUPER  adj. 1 SUPER 的形容词释义 1 的变体

superego /su:pərˈi:ɡəʊ, -ˈeɡəʊ, sju:-/ n. (pl. -os) Psychol.  the part of the mind that acts as a conscience and responds to social rules 【心】超我(心灵中作为道德心并对社会规章制度作出反应的部分)

superelevation /ˌsu:pəreliˈveiʃ(ə)n, ˌsju:-/ n.  the amount by which the outer edge of a curve on a road or railway is above the inner edge (公路或铁路的)超高(指铁路的外轨高于内轨或公路的外缘高于内缘)

supereminent /su:pərˈeminənt, sju:-/ adj.  supremely eminent, exalted, or remarkable 卓绝的，卓越的，异常突出的 □ supereminence  n.  □ supereminently  adv.   [Latin supereminēre ‘rise above’ (as SUPER-, EMINENT)]

supererogation /ˌsu:pərerəˈɡeiʃ(ə)n, ˌsju:-/ n.  the performance of more than duty requires 做职责以外的工作 □ supererogatory  /-iˈrɒɡət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Late Latin supererogatio from supererogare ‘to pay in addition’ (as SUPER-, erogare ‘pay out’)]

superfamily /ˈsu:pəˌfæmili, -m(ə)l-, ˈsju:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a taxonomic category between family and order (介于科和目之间的)总科

superfatted /su:pəˈfætid, sju:-/ adj. (of soap) containing extra fat (肥皂)多脂的

superfecundation /ˌsu:pəfek(ə)nˈdeiʃ(ə)n, -fi:k-, ˌsju:-/ n.  = SUPERFETATION 1 

superfetation /su:pəfi:ˈteiʃ(ə)n, sju:-/ n.  1 Med. & Zool.  a second conception during pregnancy giving rise to embryos of different ages in the uterus 【医】【动】异期复孕 2 Bot.  the fertilization of the same ovule by different kinds of pollen 【植】异花粉受精 3  the accretion of one thing on another 增长物，积成物 [French superfétation or via modern Latin superfetatio from Latin superfetare (as SUPER-, fetus FOETUS)]

superficial /su:pəˈfiʃ(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  1  of or on the surface; lacking depth 表面的，表层的；表面性的，肤浅的  a superficial knowledge  肤浅的知识 superficial wounds  表皮擦伤 2  swift or cursory 草率的；粗略的  a superficial examination  粗略的检查 3  apparent but not real 外表的，表面的  a superficial resemblance  表面的相似 4 (esp. of a person) having no depth of character or knowledge; trivial; shallow (尤指人)肤浅的，浅薄的 5 Brit. Commerce (of a measure) square (cf. 参见 SUPER adj. 3) [英]【商业】(度量单位)平方的 □ superficiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ superficially  adv.  □ superficialness  n.   [Late Latin superficialis from Latin (as SUPERFICIES)]

superficies /su:pəˈfiʃii:z, sju:-/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Geom.  a surface 【几】表面，表层 [Latin (as SUPER-, facies ‘face’)]

superfine /ˈsu:pəfain, su:pəˈfain, sju:-/ adj.  1 Commerce  of extra quality 【商业】特级的，特制的 2  pretending great refinement 过于考究的，过于精致的 [medieval Latin superfinus (as SUPER-, FINE1)]

superfluidity /su:pəflu:ˈiditi, sju:-/ n.  the property of flowing without friction or viscosity, as in liquid helium below about 2.18 kelvins 超流动性(如液体氦在开氏 2.18 度以下所体现的特性) □ superfluid  n.  超流体 & adj.

superfluity /su:pəˈflu:iti, sju:-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being superfluous 过量，过剩，多余 2  a superfluous amount or thing 多余物，过剩品 [Middle English via Old French superfluité and Late Latin superfluitas -tatis from Latin superfluus: see SUPERFLUOUS]

superfluous /su:ˈpɜ:flʊəs, sju:-/ adj.  more than enough, redundant, needless 过多的，过剩的，多余的 □ superfluously  adv.  □ superfluousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin superfluus (as SUPER-, fluere ‘to flow’)]

supergiant /ˈsu:pədʒaiənt, ˈsju:-/ n.  a star of very great luminosity and size 超巨星

superglue /ˈsu:pəɡlu:, ˈsju:-/ n. & v. ●n.  any of various adhesives with an exceptional bonding capability 超级胶，强力胶 ●v. tr. (-glues, -glued, -gluing or -glueing)  stick with superglue 用超极胶粘合

supergrass /ˈsu:pəɡrɑ:s, ˈsju:-/ n. Brit. colloq.  a police informer who implicates a large number of people [英口] (牵连很多人的)向警方告密者

superheat /su:pəˈhi:t, sju:-/ v. tr. Physics 【物理学】  1  heat (a liquid) above its boiling point without vaporization (使液体不蒸发而)加热到沸点以上 2  heat (a vapour) above its boiling point 使(气体)加热到沸点以上  superheated steam  过热的蒸汽 □ superheater  n.  

superhero /ˈsu:pəhiərəʊ, ˈsju:-/ n. (pl. -oes)  a person or fictional character with extraordinary heroic attributes 超级英雄(具有非凡的英雄品格的人或虚构的人物)

superhet /ˈsu:pəhet, ˈsju:-/ n. colloq. [口]  = SUPERHETERODYNE 

superheterodyne /su:pəˈhet(ə)rədain, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  denoting or characteristic of a system of radio reception in which a local variable oscillator is tuned to beat at a constant ultrasonic frequency with carrier-wave frequencies, making it unnecessary to vary the amplifier tuning and securing greater selectivity (电子)超外差(式)的 ●n.  a superheterodyne receiver 超外差式接收机 [SUPERSONIC + HETERODYNE]

superhighway /ˈsu:pəhaiwei, ˈsju:-/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a dual carriageway with two or more lanes in each direction [北美]超高速公路 2 (in full 全称 information superhighway)  a means of rapid transfer of information in different digital forms (e.g. video, sound, and graphics) via an extensive electronic network 信息高速公路(通过范围广泛的电子网络以视频、声音、图象等不同的数字形式快速传递信息的手段)

superhuman /su:pəˈhju:mən, sju:-/ adj.  1  beyond normal human capability 超人的，神奇的 2  higher than man (身材)超出常人的 □ superhumanly  adv.   [Late Latin superhumanus (as SUPER-, HUMAN)]

superhumeral /su:pəˈhju:m(ə)r(ə)l, sju:-/ n. Eccl.  a vestment worn over the shoulders, e.g. an amice, ephod, or pallium 【教会】(穿在或披在肩上的)披肩 [Late Latin superhumerale (as SUPER-, HUMERAL)]

superimpose /su:p(ə)rimˈpəʊz, sju:-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  lay (a thing) on something else 把(某物)放在另一物之上 □ superimposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  

superincumbent /su:p(ə)rinˈkʌmbənt, sju:-/ adj.  lying on something else 置于他物之上的

superinduce /su:p(ə)rinˈdju:s, sju:-/ v. tr.  introduce or induce in addition 外加，添加 [Latin superinducere ‘cover over, bring from outside’ (as SUPER-, INDUCE)]

superintend /su:p(ə)rinˈtend, sju:-/ v. tr. & intr.  be responsible for the management or arrangement of (an activity etc.); supervise and inspect 主管，指挥；监督(活动等) □ superintendence  n.  □ superintendency  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin superintendere (as SUPER-, INTEND), translation of Greek episkopō]

superintendent /su:p(ə)rinˈtend(ə)nt, sju:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a person who superintends 主管人，指挥者，监督人b  a director of an institution etc. (机关等的)负责人 2  a (in the UK) a police officer above the rank of inspector (英国) (巡官以上的较高等级的)警官b (in the US) a high-ranking official, often the chief of a police department (美国)警长 3 US  the caretaker of a building [美] (建筑物的)管理员，看管人 ●adj.  superintending 主管的，监督的，指挥的 [ecclesiastical Latin superintendent-, part. stem of superintendere: see SUPERINTEND]

Superior /sju:ˈpiəriə/ n.  苏必利尔湖(美国和加拿大共有的湖；即 Lake Superior) [北美洲]

superior /su:ˈpiəriə, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in a higher position; of higher rank (职位、地位)较高的；(级别)高级的  a superior officer  高级军官 a superior court  高级法院 2  a  above the average in quality etc. 优秀的，优良的，优质的  made of superior leather  用优质皮革制造的b  having or showing a high opinion of oneself; supercilious 有优越感的；高傲的，傲慢的  had a superior air  带着一副傲慢的神气 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  better or greater in some respect (在某些方面)比…好的；比…强的，胜过…的  superior to its rivals in speed  在速度上胜过它的对手b  above yielding, making concessions, paying attention, etc. 超然于…的，不为…所动的  is superior to bribery  不为贿赂所动 superior to temptation  不受诱惑的 4  further above or out; higher, esp. 更高的，更靠外的(尤指):a Astron. (of a planet) having an orbit further from the sun than the earth's 【天】(行星)比地球离太阳更远的b Zool. (of an insect's wings) folding over others 【动】(昆虫翅膀)折盖于其他翅膀之上的c Printing (of figures or letters) placed above the line 【印刷】(数字或字母)上标的d Bot. (of the calyx) above the ovary 【植】(花萼)在子房上的e Bot. (of the ovary) above the calyx 【植】(子房)在花萼上的 ●n.  1  a person superior to another in rank, character, etc. 上级，长官(或长者等)  is deferential to his superiors  他对上司必恭必敬 is his superior in courage  比他有勇气 2 (fem. superioress /-ris/) Eccl.  the head of a monastery or other religious institution 【教会】(修道院或其他宗教机构的)院长  Mother Superior  女修道院院长 Father Superior  男修道院院长 3 Printing  a superior letter or figure 【印刷】上标 □ superiorly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French superiour from Latin superior -oris, comparative of superus ‘that is above’, from super ‘above’]

superiority /su:ˌpiəriˈɒriti, sju:-/ n.  the state of being superior 优秀；优良；优越

superiority complex n. Psychol.  an undue conviction of one's own superiority to others 【心】自大情结，优越情结

superior numbers n. pl. esp. Mil.  more men etc. or their strength (尤)【军】(兵力等的)优势；(力量的)优势  overcome by superior numbers  在敌多我寡的形势下被击败

superjacent /su:pəˈdʒeis(ə)nt, sju:-/ adj.  overlying; superincumbent 覆盖的；置于他物之上的 [Latin superjacēre (as SUPER-, jacēre ‘lie’)]

superlative /su:ˈpɜ:lətiv, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of the highest quality or degree (质量或程度)最高的，最好的  superlative wisdom  极高的智慧 2 Gram. (of an adjective or adverb) expressing the highest or a very high degree of a quality (e.g. 例如 : bravest, most fiercely) (cf. 参见 POSITIVE adj. 3b, COMPARATIVE adj. 4) 【语法】(形容词或副词)最高级的 ●n.  1 Gram.  a  the superlative expression or form of an adjective or adverb 【语法】(形容词或副词的)最高级，最高级形式b  a word in the superlative 最高级形式的词 2  something embodying excellence; the highest form of a thing 最佳物；(某物的)最高形式 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a hyperbolical expression, esp. of praise (尤用于赞美时的)极端话，夸大话 □ superlatively  adv.  □ superlativeness  n.   [Middle English via Old French superlatif -ive and Late Latin superlativus from Latin superlatus (as SUPER-, latus, past part. of ferre ‘take’)]

superluminal /su:pəˈlu:min(ə)l, sju:-/ adj. Physics  of or having a speed greater than that of light 【物理学】超光速的 [SUPER- + Latin lumen luminis ‘a light’]

superlunary /su:pəˈlu:nəri, sju:-/ adj.  1  situated beyond the moon 位于月亮之外的 2  belonging to a higher world, celestial 天国的，世外的 [medieval Latin superlunaris (as SUPER-, LUNAR)]

superman /ˈsu:pəmæn, ˈsju:-/ n. (pl. -men)  1 esp. Philos.  the ideal superior man of the future (尤)【哲】(理想中未来世界的)超人 2 colloq.  a man of exceptional strength or ability [口] (具有超常力量或能力的)超人 [SUPER- + MAN, formed by G. B. Shaw in imitation of Nietzsche's German Übermensch]

supermarket /ˈsu:pəmɑ:kit, ˈsju:-/ n.  a large self-service store selling foods, household goods, etc. 超级市场(开架出售食品、日用品等的自助商场)

supermodel /ˈsu:pəmɒd(ə)l, ˈsju:-/ n.  a highly-paid model employed in high-profile glamour modelling (酬金很高的有很高知名度的)超级模特

supermundane /su:pəˈmʌndein, sju:-/ adj.  superior to earthly things 超越尘世的，超凡的

supernal /su:ˈpɜ:n(ə)l, sju:-/ adj. esp. poet. [尤诗]  1  heavenly; divine 天国的，超凡的；神的 2  of or concerning the sky 天空的 3  lofty 崇高的 □ supernally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French supernal or medieval Latin supernalis from Latin supernus, from super ‘above’]

supernatant /su:pəˈneit(ə)nt, sju:-/ adj. & n. esp. Chem. 【化】  ●adj. (of a liquid) lying above a solid residue after precipitation, centrifugation, etc. (液体)浮在上面的，浮在表层的 ●n.  a supernatant substance 上层清液；表层浮物 [SUPER- + natant ‘swimming’ (as NATATION)]

supernatural /su:pəˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  attributed to or thought to reveal some force above the laws of nature; magical, occult, mystical 超自然的，神奇的；神奇的，不可思议的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  supernatural, occult, or magical forces, effects, etc. 超自然力量；神奇的作用等 □ supernaturalism  n.  □ supernaturalist  n.  □ supernaturalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ supernaturally  adv.  □ supernaturalness  n.  

supernormal /su:pəˈnɔ:m(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  beyond what is normal or natural 超常的；异常的 □ supernormality  /-ˈmæliti/ n.  

supernova /su:pəˈnəʊvə, sju:-/ n. (pl. -novae /-vi:/ or -novas) Astron.  a star that suddenly increases very greatly in brightness because of an explosion ejecting most of its mass 【天】超新星(因爆炸而突然亮度大增的星体)

supernumerary /su:pəˈnju:m(ə)r(ə)ri, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in excess of the normal number; extra 过多的；额外的，多余的 2 (of a person) engaged for extra work (人)打杂的 3 (of an actor) appearing on stage but not speaking (演员)跑龙套的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an extra or unwanted person or thing 冗余(或多余)的人(或物) 2  a supernumerary actor 跑龙套的配角 3  a person engaged for extra work 杂务工 [Late Latin supernumerarius ‘(soldier) added to a legion already complete’, from Latin super numerum ‘beyond the number’]

superorder /ˈsu:pərɔ:də, ˈsju:-/ n. Biol.  a taxonomic category between order and class 【生】(介于目和纲之间的)总目 □ superordinal  /-ˈɔ:din(ə)l/ adj.  

superordinate /su:pərˈɔ:dinət, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  of superior importance or rank 重要的；级别高的 ●n.  1  a superordinate person or thing; a superior 重要(或级别高)的人(或物)；上级 2 Linguistics  a word whose meaning implies or includes that of another 【语言学】上义词(包含另一词词义的词) [SUPER-, on the pattern of subordinate]

superphosphate /su:pəˈfɒsfeit, sju:-/ n.  a fertilizer made by treating phosphate rock with sulphuric or phosphoric acid 过磷酸钙(一种肥料)

superphysical /su:pəˈfizik(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  1  unexplainable by physical causes; supernatural 物理定律无法解释的；超自然的 2  beyond what is physical 超物质的

superpose /su:pəˈpəʊz, sju:-/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on) esp. Geom.  place (a thing or a geometric figure) on or above something else, esp. so as to coincide (尤)【几】把(物体或几何图形)叠加于…之上(尤指使一图形与另一图形重合) □ superposition  /-pəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French superposer (as SUPER-, POSE1)]

superpower /ˈsu:pəpaʊə, ˈsju:-/ n.  a state of supreme power and influence, esp. the US and, formerly, the USSR 超级大国(尤指美国和前苏联)

supersaturate /su:pəˈsætʃʊreit, -tjʊreit, sju:-/ v. tr.  add to (esp. a solution) beyond saturation point 使(溶液)过饱和 □ supersaturation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

superscribe /su:pəˈskraib, ˈsu:pəskraib, sju:-/ v. tr.  1  write (an inscription) at the top of or on the outside of a document etc. (在文件等的顶端或外面)写(文字) 2  write an inscription over or on (a thing) 在…上写(文字) □ superscription  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin superscribere (as SUPER-, scribere script- ‘write’)]

superscript /ˈsu:pəskript, ˈsju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  written or printed above the line, esp. Math. (of a symbol) written above and to the right of another 上角标的；(尤)【数】(符号)标于…右上角的 ●n.  a superscript number or symbol 标于右上角的数字(或符号), 上标 [Latin superscriptus, past part. of superscribere: see SUPERSCRIBE]

supersede /su:pəˈsi:d, sju:-/ v. tr. (also disp. [亦异议] supercede)  1  a  adopt or appoint another person or thing in place of (使)替代，(使)接任 , (使)接替b  set aside; cease to employ 撤换；免职 2 (of a person or thing) take the place of (人或物)替代；取代 □ supersedence  n.  □ supersedure  /-dʒə/ n.  □ supersession  /-ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Old French superseder from Latin supersedēre ‘be superior to’ (as SUPER-, sedēre sess- ‘sit’)]

supersonic /su:pəˈsɒnik, sju:-/ adj.  designating or having a speed greater than that of sound 超音速的；超声波的 □ supersonically  adv.  

supersonics /su:pəˈsɒniks, sju:-/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  = ULTRASONICS 

superstar /ˈsu:pəstɑ:, ˈsju:-/ n.  an extremely famous or renowned actor, film star, musician, etc. 超级明星(指非常著名的演员、电影明星、音乐家等) □ superstardom  n.  

superstate /ˈsu:pəsteit, ˈsju:-/ n.  a powerful political state, esp. one formed from a federation of nations 超级大国(尤指以联邦形式组成的强大的政治共同体)

superstition /su:pəˈstiʃ(ə)n, sju:-/ n.  1  credulity regarding the supernatural 迷信 2  an irrational fear of the unknown or mysterious (对未知或神秘事物的)盲目恐惧 3  misdirected reverence 盲目崇拜 4  a practice, opinion, or religion based on these tendencies 迷信行为；迷信思想；迷信的宗教 5  a widely held but unjustified idea of the effects or nature of a thing (对事物的作用或性质)普遍但并无充分根据的看法 □ superstitious  adj.  □ superstitiously  adv.  □ superstitiousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French superstition or Latin superstitio (as SUPER-, stare stat- ‘stand’)]

superstore /ˈsu:pəstɔ:, ˈsju:-/ n.  a large supermarket selling a wide range of goods (出售多种商品的)大型超级市场

superstratum /su:pəˈstrɑ:təm, -ˈstreitəm, sju:-/ n. (pl. -strata /-tə/)  an overlying stratum 覆盖层，上层

superstructure /ˈsu:pəstrʌktʃə, ˈsju:-/ n.  1  the part of a building above its foundations 上部建筑(建筑物的地面部分) 2  a structure built on top of something else (建于其他事物顶上的)上层结构，上层建筑 3  a concept or idea based on others (基于其他概念、思想而建立的)上层观念，上层思想 □ superstructural  adj.  

supersubtle /su:pəˈsʌt(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  extremely or excessively subtle 极其精细的，极其微妙的；过于精细的，过于微妙的 □ supersubtlety  n.  

supertanker /ˈsu:pətæŋkə, ˈsju:-/ n.  a very large tanker ship 超级油船

supertax /ˈsu:pətæks, ˈsju:-/ n.  a higher rate of tax on incomes above a certain level, esp. hist. that levied in Britain between 1909 and 1929 (succeeded by SURTAX) 附加税(对超过一定额的收入所征收的附加累进所得税)；[尤史义] (英国于 1909 至 1929 年征收的)附加税(后由超额累进所得税替代)

superterrestrial /su:pətəˈrestriəl, sju:-/ adj.  1  in or belonging to a region above the earth 地面上的 2  celestial 天国的

supertonic /su:pəˈtɒnik, sju:-/ n. Mus.  the note above the tonic, the second note of the diatonic scale of any key 【音】上主音(全音阶上的第二音)

supervene /su:pəˈvi:n, sju:-/ v. intr.  occur as an interruption in or a change from some state 意外发生；随后发生 □ supervenient  adj.  □ supervention  /-ˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin supervenire supervent- (as SUPER-, venire ‘come’)]

supervise /ˈsu:pəvaiz, ˈsju:-/ v. tr.  1  superintend, oversee the execution of (a task etc.) 管理，监督(任务等) 2  oversee the actions or work of (a person) 指导，检查(某人的行动或工作) □ supervision  /-ˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  □ supervisor  n.  □ supervisory  adj.   [medieval Latin supervidēre supervis- (as SUPER-, vidēre ‘see’)]

superwoman /ˈsu:pəwʊmən, ˈsju:-/ n. (pl. -women) colloq.  a woman of exceptional strength or ability [口] (力量或能力非凡的)女超人

supinate /ˈsu:pineit, ˈsju:-/ v. tr.  put (a hand or foreleg etc.) into a supine position (cf. 参见 PRONATE) 转动(手或前肢等)使掌心向上(或朝前) □ supination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [back-formation from supination, from Latin supinatio via supinare from supinus: see SUPINE]

supinator /ˈsu:pineitə, ˈsju:-/ n. Anat.  a muscle in the forearm effecting supination 【解】旋后肌

supine /ˈsu:pain, ˈsju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lying face upwards (cf. 参见 PRONE 1a) 仰卧的 2  having the front or ventral part upwards; (of the hand) with the palm upwards 向后仰的，向后靠的；(手)掌心向上的 3  inert, indolent; morally or mentally inactive 懒散的，倦怠的；(道德、精神等方面)消极的 ●n.  a Latin verbal noun used only in the accusative and ablative cases, esp. to denote purpose (e.g. 例如 : mirabile dictu wonderful to relate 说来让人惊奇) (拉丁语中的)动名词(仅用于离格与宾格中，尤用于表示目的) □ supinely  adv.  □ supineness  n.   [adj. from Latin supinus, related to super ‘above’; n. from Late Latin supinum, neut. of supinus (reason unknown)]

supper /ˈsʌpə/ n.  an evening meal, esp. a light or informal one (尤指简便或非正式的)晚饭，晚餐 □ sing for one's supper   do something in return for a benefit 因受恩惠而报恩□ supperless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French soper, super]

supplant /səˈplɑ:nt/ v. tr.  dispossess and take the place of, esp. by underhand means (尤指用阴险的手段)取代，替代 □ supplanter  n.   [Middle English from Old French supplanter or Latin supplantare ‘trip up’ (as SUB-, planta ‘sole’)]

supple /ˈsʌp(ə)l/ adj. & v. ●adj. (suppler, supplest)  1  flexible, pliant; easily bent 柔软的，柔韧的；易弯曲的 2  compliant; avoiding overt resistance; artfully or servilely submissive 柔顺的，顺从的；灵活的，迎合人意的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become supple 使柔韧；使柔顺；变得柔韧；变得柔顺 □ suppleness  n.   [Middle English from Old French souple, ultimately from Latin supplex supplicis ‘submissive’]

supplejack /ˈsʌp(ə)ldʒæk/ n.  any of various strong twining tropical shrubs, e.g.Berchemia scandens 阿拉巴马勾儿茶(热带藤本攀缘植物) [SUPPLE + JACK1]

supplely var.  of SUPPLY2  SUPPLY2 的变体

supplement n. & v. ●n. /ˈsʌplim(ə)nt/  1  a thing or part added to remedy deficiencies 增补物，补充物  dietary supplement  饮食补给品 2  a part added to a book etc. to provide further information (书籍等的)补遗，附录 3  a separate section, esp. a colour magazine, added to a newspaper or periodical (报纸或期刊的)副刊，增刊(尤指彩页增刊) 4  an additional charge payable for an extra service or facility (为增加的服务或设施支付的)附加费 5 Geom.  the amount by which an angle is less than 180° (cf. 参见 COMPLEMENT n. 6) 【几】补角 ●v. tr. /ˈsʌpliment, sʌpliˈment/  provide a supplement for 增补，补充 □ supplemental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ supplementally  /-ˈment(ə)li/ adv.  □ supplementation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin supplementum (as SUB-, plēre ‘fill’)]

supplementary /sʌpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  forming or serving as a supplement; additional 补充的，增补的；附加的 □ supplementarily  adv.  

supplementary benefit n. hist. (in the UK) a weekly allowance formerly paid by the state to those with an income below a certain level, now replaced by INCOME SUPPORT [史义] (英国) (原为政府每周发给收入低于某一水平的人的)补助金(现已被 INCOME SUPPORT 所取代)

suppletion /səˈpli:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of supplementing, esp. Linguistics the occurrence of unrelated forms to supply gaps in conjugation (e.g. 如 went as the past of go went 是 go 的过去式) 补充，增补；(尤)【语言学】异干互补(指用异干词去充当某一词形变化表中的某个词) □ suppletive  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin suppletio -onis (as SUPPLY1)]

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  supplicating 恳求的，哀求的 2  expressing supplication 表示恳求的，表示哀求的 ●n.  a supplicating person 恳求者，哀求者 □ suppliantly  adv.   [Middle English via French supplier ‘beseech’ from Latin (as SUPPLICATE)]

supplicate /ˈsʌplikeit/ v. formal [正式]  1 tr.  petition humbly to (a person) or for (a thing) 恳求，哀求，央求(某人)；(为某事)恳求，哀求，央求 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, for)  make a petition 恳求，哀求，央求 □ supplicant  adj. & n.  □ supplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ supplicatory  /-kət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin supplicare (as SUB-, plicare ‘bend’)]

supply1 /səˈplai/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  provide or furnish (a thing needed) 供给，供应(所需物) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  provide (a person etc. with a thing needed) 为(某人等)提供(所需物) 3  meet or make up for (a deficiency or need etc.) 弥补(不足等)；满足(需要等) 4  fill (a vacancy, place, etc.) as a substitute 代理，暂代(空缺、位置等) ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or an instance of providing what is needed 供给，供应 2  a stock, store, amount, etc., of something provided or obtainable 供给物，供应品；存货，储备物  a large supply of water  大量的水储备 the gas-supply  煤气供应 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the provisions and equipment for an army, expedition, etc. (军队、探险活动等的)必需品，补给品b Brit.  a grant of money by Parliament for the costs of government [英] (议会对政府开支的)拨款 4 (often 常作 attrib.)  a person, esp. a schoolteacher or clergyman, acting as a temporary substitute for another 临时替代者；(尤指)代课教师；代理牧师 5 (作 attrib.)  providing supplies or a supply 供应，补给  supply officer  负责后勤补给的军官 □ in short supply   scarce 短缺，供应不足□ on supply  (of a schoolteacher etc.) acting as a supply (教师等)代课□ supplier  n.   [Middle English via Old French so(u)pleer etc. from Latin supplēre (as SUB-, plēre ‘fill’)]

supply2 /ˈsʌpli/ adv. (also 亦作 supplely /ˈsʌp(ə)lli/)  in a supple manner 柔顺地；迎合人意地

supply and demand n. Econ.  the amount or quantity of a product available and required, as factors regulating its price 【经】供应与需求，供求

supply-side n. Econ.  denoting a policy of low taxation and other incentives to produce goods and invest 【经】(通过低税收及其他方法刺激生产和投资的)供应经济学政策

support /səˈpɔ:t/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  carry all or part of the weight of 支撑，支承 2  keep from falling or sinking or failing 托住，扶持 3  provide with a home and the necessities of life 供养，赡养，养活  has a family to support  有一个家要养活 4  enable to last out; give strength to; encourage 鼓励；激励；给…勇气 5  bear out; tend to substantiate or corroborate (a statement, charge, theory, etc.) 证明，证实(某一论点、指控、理论等) 6  give help or countenance to, back up; second, further 支援，援助；支持 7  speak in favour of (a resolution etc.) 拥护，赞成(某项决议等) 8  be actively interested in (a particular team or sport) 做(某支球队或体育项目的)支持者 9 (often as 常作 supporting adj.)  take a part that is secondary to (a principal actor etc.) 做(主角等的)配角 10  assist (a lecturer etc.) by one's presence 给(演讲者等)捧场 11  endure, tolerate 忍受，容忍  can no longer support the noise  再也不能忍受这样的吵闹 12  maintain or represent (a part or character) adequately 成功地扮演(某角色) 13  subscribe to the funds of (an institution) 资助，赞助(某一团体、机构) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of supporting; the process of being supported 支撑；支持；支援；供养；资助；拥护 2  a person or thing that supports 支持者，支援者；拥护者；资助者；支撑物，支持物 3  a band etc. providing a secondary act at a pop concert etc. (流行音乐会等的)伴奏乐队(或乐团等) □ in support of   in order to support 为了支持(或支援)□ supportable  adj.  □ supportability  /-təˈbiliti/ n.  □ supportably  adv.  □ supportingly  adv.  □ supportless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French supporter from Latin supportare (as SUB-, portare ‘carry’)]

supporter /səˈpɔ:tə/ n.  1  a person or thing that supports, esp. a person supporting a cause, team, or sport (尤指某事业、球队或体育项目的)支持者；支持物 2 Heraldry  the representation of an animal etc., usu. one of a pair, holding up or standing beside an escutcheon 【纹章学】(纹章中扶持盾牌或站立盾牌旁边的)兽形(或人物)图象(通常成对出现) 3  a jockstrap (运动员等用来保护下体的)下体护身

supporting film n.  a less important film in a cinema programme 电影加片

supportive /səˈpɔ:tiv/ adj.  providing support or encouragement 支持的，援助的；鼓励的 □ supportively  adv.  □ supportiveness  n.  

support price n.  a minimum price guaranteed to a farmer for agricultural produce and maintained by subsidy etc. 支持性价格(通过补贴等形式对农民保证农产品的最低价格)

suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  1  assume, esp. in default of knowledge; be inclined to think 猜想，料想；认为，以为  I suppose they will return  我猜他们会回来的 what do you suppose he meant?  你认为他是什么意思？ 2  take as a possibility or hypothesis 假设，假定  let us suppose you are right  让我们假定你是对的 3 (in imper. 用于祈使句)  as a formula of proposal 让我建议(作为提出建议的一种惯用语句)  suppose we go to the party  咱们去参加聚会吧 4 (of a theory or result etc.) require as a condition (理论、结果等)以…为条件  design in creation supposes a creator  创作性设计取决于创作者 5 (in imper. or pres. part. forming a question 用于祈使句或现在分词中构成问句)  in the circumstances that; if 假定；假如  suppose he won't let you  假定他不允许你这样做的话 supposing we stay  假定我们住下的话 6 (as 作 supposed adj.)  generally accepted as being so; believed 信以为真的；想像中的  his supposed brother  他所谓的兄弟 generally supposed to be wealthy  被很多人认为很富有 7 (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  a  be expected or required 被期望，被要求；应该  was supposed to write to you  应该给你写信b (with neg. 与否定词连用)  ought not; not be allowed to 不应该；不允许  you are not supposed to go in there  你不应该到那里去 □ I suppose so   an expression of hesitant agreement 我看是这样(表示略带犹豫的同意)□ supposable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French supposer (as SUB-, POSE1)]

supposedly /səˈpəʊzidli/ adv.  as is generally supposed 据称，据推测

supposition /sʌpəˈziʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a fact or idea etc. supposed 假定(或推测)的事实(或想法等) 2  the act or an instance of supposing 假定，推测 □ suppositional  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, or from late Latin suppositio (translating Greek hupothesis ‘hypothesis’), from the past part. stem of supponere: see SUPPOSITITIOUS]

suppositious /sʌpəˈziʃəs/ adj.  hypothetical, assumed 假定的，推测的 □ suppositiously  adv.  □ suppositiousness  n.   [partly from SUPPOSITITIOUS, partly from SUPPOSITION + -OUS]

supposititious /səpɒziˈtiʃəs/ adj.  spurious; substituted for the genuine 假的；顶替的，冒充的 □ supposititiously  adv.  □ supposititiousness  n.   [Latin supposititius, -icius from supponere supposit- ‘substitute’ (as SUB-, ponere ‘to place’)]

suppository /səˈpɒzit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a medical preparation in the form of a cone, cylinder, etc., to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve 栓剂(一种圆锥形或筒状的药，用于塞进直肠或阴道溶解) [Middle English from medieval Latin suppositorium, neut. of Late Latin suppositorius ‘placed underneath’ (as SUPPOSITITIOUS)]

suppress /səˈpres/ v. tr.  1  end the activity or existence of, esp. forcibly (尤指强行地)压制，镇压 2  prevent (information, feelings, a reaction, etc.) from being seen, heard, or known 抑制(情感)，隐瞒(信息)；阻止(反应)  tried to suppress the report  试图阻止发表这个报告 suppressed a yawn  忍住哈欠 3  a  partly or wholly eliminate (electrical interference etc.) (部分或全部)消除(电干扰等)b  equip (a device) to reduce such interference due to it 给…安装电干扰清除器 4 Psychol.  keep out of one's consciousness 【心】压抑，抑制 □ suppressible  adj.  □ suppression  /-ˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ suppressive  adj.  □ suppressor  n.   [Middle English from Latin supprimere suppress- (as SUB-, premere ‘press’)]

suppressant /səˈpres(ə)nt/ n.  a suppressing or restraining agent, esp. a drug that suppresses the appetite 抑制剂，遏抑剂(尤指食欲抑制剂)

suppurate /ˈsʌpjʊreit/ v. intr.  1  form pus 生脓 2  fester 化脓 □ suppuration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ suppurative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin suppurare (as SUB-, purare as PUS)]

supra /ˈsu:prə, ˈsju:-/ adv.  above or earlier on (in a book etc.) (书等中的)在上，上述；在前，前述 [Latin, = above]

supra- /ˈsu:prə, ˈsju:-/ prefix  1  above 在…之上 2  beyond, transcending (supranational 超国家的) 超出，超越 [from or suggested by Latin supra- from supra ‘above, beyond, before in time’]

supramaxillary /ˌsu:prəmækˈsiləri, ˌsju:-/ adj.  of or relating to the upper jaw 上颌的，上颌骨的

supramundane /su:prəˈmʌndein, sju:-/ adj.  above or superior to the world 超越现世的，远离俗世的，超凡脱俗的

supranational /su:prəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  transcending national limits 超国家的；超民族的 □ supranationalism  n.  □ supranationality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  

supraorbital /su:prəˈɔ:bit(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  situated above the orbit of the eye 眼眶上的

suprarenal /su:prəˈri:n(ə)l, sju:-/ adj.  situated above the kidneys 肾上的

supremacist /su:ˈpreməsist, sju:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  an advocate of the supremacy of a particular group, esp. determined by race or sex (尤指种族、性别)至上主义者，优越论者 ●adj.  relating to or advocating such supremacy 至上主义的 □ supremacism  n.  

supremacy /su:ˈpreməsi, sju:-/ n.  the state of being supreme in authority, power, rank, or importance (权威、权力、级别、重要性的)至高无上，最高地位；优势

supreme /su:ˈpri:m, sju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  highest in authority or rank (权力或地位)最高的，至上的 2  greatest; most important 极大的，极度的；最重要的 3 (of a penalty or sacrifice etc.) involving death (惩罚、牺牲等)涉及死亡的 ●n.  1  a rich cream sauce 奶油沙司 2  a dish served in this (一道)浇有奶油沙司的菜肴 □ supremely  adv.  □ supremeness  n.   [Latin supremus, superlative of superus ‘that is above’, from super ‘above’]

Supreme Being n. (prec. by 前接 the)  a name for God 上帝

Supreme Court n.  the highest judicial court in a country etc., or US (often 常作 supreme court) in a state (某国的)最高法院；[美]州最高法院

supreme pontiff  see 见 PONTIFF 

Supreme Soviet n.  the governing council of the former USSR or one of its constituent republics (前苏联或其成员国的最高立法机构)最高苏维埃

supremo /su:ˈpri:məʊ, su:ˈpreiməʊ, sju:-/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. [英]  1  a supreme leader or ruler 最高领导人，最高统治者 2  a person in overall charge 主管人 [Spanish, = SUPREME]

suprême /su:ˈprem, 法 syprɛm/ n.  = SUPREMEn.  [French]

Supt. abbr. [缩略]  Superintendent 

sur-1 /sɜ:, sə/ prefix  = SUPER- surcharge  超载；额外费 surrealism  超现实主义  [Old French]

sur-2 /sɜ:, sə/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before r (用于字母 r 前) SUB- 的同化形式

sura /ˈsʊərə/ n. (also 亦作 surah)  a chapter or section of the Koran (古兰经的)章，节 [Arabic sūra]

surah /ˈsʊərə, ˈsjʊərə/ n.  a soft twilled silk for scarves etc. 斜纹软绸 [French pronunciation of Surat, a district in India, where it was originally made]

sural /ˈsjʊər(ə)l, ˈsʊər(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the calf of the leg 小腿肚的，腓肠的  sural artery  腓肠动脉 [modern Latin suralis from Latin sura ‘calf’]

surcease /sɜ:ˈsi:s/ n. & v. literary [文学用语] ●n.  a cessation 停止，终止 ●v. intr. & tr.  cease 停止，终止 [Middle English via Old French sursis, -ise (cf. Anglo-French sursise ‘omission’), past part. of Old French surseoir ‘refrain, delay’, from Latin (as SUPERSEDE), with assimilation to CEASE]

surcharge n. & v. ●n. /ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ/  1  an additional charge or payment 附加费，增收费 2  a charge made by assessors as a penalty for false returns of taxable property (估税员对不如实申报课税财产者所加以的)附加罚款 3  a mark printed on a postage stamp changing its value (邮票上加盖的)改值印记 4  an additional or excessive load 超载，超负荷 5 Brit.  an amount in an official account not passed by the auditor and having to be refunded by the person responsible [英]非法动用的公款 6  the showing of an omission in an account for which credit should have been given 指出在账上漏记一笔 ●v. tr. /ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ, -ˈtʃɑ:dʒ/  1  exact a surcharge from 向…收取附加费 2  exact (a sum) as a surcharge 扣除(一笔钱)作为附加罚款 3  mark (a postage stamp) with a surcharge (在邮票上)加盖改值印记 4  overload 超载，超负荷 5  fill or saturate to excess 使充满；使拥挤 [Middle English from Old French surcharger (as SUR-1, CHARGE)]

surcingle /ˈsɜ:siŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  a band round a horse's body, usu. to keep a pack etc. in place (把驮载物等紧系于马上的)肚带 [Middle English from Old French surcengle (as SUR-1, cengle ‘girth’, via Latin cingula from cingere ‘gird’)]

surcoat /ˈsɜ:kəʊt/ n.  1 hist.  a loose robe worn over armour [史义] (穿在铠甲外的)罩袍 2  a similar sleeveless garment worn as part of the insignia of an order of knighthood (作为骑士等级标志一部分的)无袖罩袍 3 hist.  an outer coat of rich material [史义] (用华贵的衣料制作的)外套 [Middle English from Old French surcot (as SUR-1, cot ‘coat’)]

surculose /ˈsɜ:kjʊləʊs/ adj. Bot.  producing suckers 【植】有根出条的 [Latin surculosus from surculus ‘twig’]

surd /sɜ:d/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Math. (of a number) irrational 【数】(数字)无理的，不尽根的 2 Phonet. (of a sound) uttered with the breath and not the voice (e.g. 如 f, k, p, s, t) 【语音】(声音)清音的 ●n.  1 Math.  a surd number, esp. the root of an integer 【数】无理数，不尽根(尤指整数的根) 2 Phonet.  a surd sound 【语音】清音 [Latin surdus ‘deaf, mute’: sense 1 by mistranslation into Latin of Greek alogos ‘irrational, speechless’, through Arabic jadr asamm, literally ‘deaf root’]

sure /ʃʊə, ʃɔ:/ adj., adv. & int. ●adj.  1  having or seeming to have adequate reason for a belief or assertion 确信的；肯定的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause)  convinced 坚信的，深信的 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  having a certain prospect or confident anticipation or satisfactory knowledge of 有把握的，有信心的 4  reliable or unfailing 可靠的；稳妥的  there is one sure way to find out  有一个可靠的办法可以找到 5 (foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  certain 必定，肯定，一定 6  undoubtedly true or truthful 无可质疑的，毫无疑问的 ●adv. & int. colloq.  certainly [口]当然 □ as sure as eggs is eggs   see 见 EGG1 □ as sure as fate   quite certain 的的确确，千真万确□ be sure  (in imper. or infin. 用于祈使句或不定式 ; foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  take care to; not fail to 一定要，必须  be sure to turn the lights out  一定要关灯□ for sure  colloq.  without doubt [口]确实，毫无疑问□ make sure   1  make or become certain; ensure (使)确定；保证，确保 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  establish the truth or ensure the existence or happening of 查明，核实□ sure enough  colloq. [口]  1  in fact; certainly 果真；的确 2  with near certainty 必定，一定  they will come sure enough  他们必定会来□ sure thing ● esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口] n.  a certainty 毫无疑问的事●int.  certainly!, yes, indeed! 当然！的确！□ to be sure   1  it is undeniable or admitted 无可否认 2  it must be admitted 必须承认；诚然，固然□ sureness  n.   [Middle English via Old French sur sure (earlier sëur) from Latin securus SECURE]

sure-fire attrib. adj. colloq.  certain to succeed [口]一定能成功的，一定能达到目的的

sure-footed adj.  never stumbling or making a mistake 步履稳健的；踏实的，从不出错的 □ sure-footedly  adv.  □ sure-footedness  n.  

surely /ˈʃʊəli, ˈʃɔ:li/ adv.  1  with certainty 确实，的确  the time approaches slowly but surely  时间缓慢却稳步地接近 2  as an appeal to likelihood or reason 想必，谅必  surely that can't be right  想必不可能是对的 3  with safety; securely 安全地；稳当地  the goat plants its feet surely  山羊稳稳地站住脚

surety /ˈʃʊəriti, ˈʃʊəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, e.g. to appear in court, or payment of a debt 担保人，保证人 2  a  money given as a guarantee 担保金，保证金b  a guarantee 保证，担保 3  certainty 确实，肯定 □ of (or for) a surety  archaic [古义]  certainly 当然，的确□ stand surety   become a surety, go bail 为…担保□ suretyship  n.  保证人(担保人)的地位(或资格) [Middle English via Old French surté, sëurté from Latin securitas -tatis SECURITY]

surf /sɜ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the swell of the sea breaking on the shore or a reef (拍打海岸或暗礁的)碎波，激浪 2  the foam produced by this 拍岸浪花形成的泡沫 ●v. intr.  1  go surf-riding 冲浪，进行冲浪运动 2 slang  ride illicitly on the roof or outside of a train [俚语] (在车厢顶或车厢外)非法搭乘火车 □ surfer  n.  □ surfing  n.  □ surfy  adj.   [apparently from obsolete suff, of unknown origin, perhaps assimilated to surge]

surface /ˈsɜ:fis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the outside of a material body (物体的)外部，外面b  the area of this (物体的)表面 2  any of the limits terminating a solid (立方体的)面 3  the upper boundary of a liquid or of the ground etc. 水面，液面，地面 4  the outward aspect of anything; what is apparent on a casual view or consideration 外表；外观  presents a large surface to view  露出一大片 all is quiet on the surface  表面上一切都静悄悄的 5 Geom.  a set of points that has length and breadth but no thickness 【几】平面 6 (作 attrib.)  a  of or on the surface 表面的；外面的  surface area  表面积b  superficial 外表上的，表面上的  surface politeness  表面上的客气 ●v.  1 tr.  give the required surface to (a road, paper, etc.) 对(道路、纸张等)进行表面处理 2 intr. & tr.  rise or bring to the surface (使)浮出水面 3 intr.  become visible or known 显露，呈现 4 intr. colloq.  become conscious; wake up [口]恢复知觉，睡醒 □ come to the surface   become perceptible after being hidden 被披露；被揭露□ surfaced  adj. (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  □ surfacer  n.   [French (as SUR-1, FACE)]

surface-active adj. (of a substance, e.g. a detergent) able to affect the wetting properties of a liquid (如洗洁剂等)表面活性的

surface mail n.  mail carried over land and by sea, and not by air 普通邮件，水陆路邮件(与航空邮件相对)

surface noise n.  extraneous noise in playing a gramophone record, caused by imperfections in the grooves or in the pick-up system (放唱片时的)纹噪音

surface tension n.  the tension of the surface-film of a liquid, tending to minimize its surface area 表面张力

surface-to-air attrib. adj. (of a missile) designed to be fired from the ground or at sea at an aircraft etc. (导弹)地(或舰)对空的

surface-to-surface attrib. adj. (of a missile) designed to be fired from one point on the ground or at sea to another such point (导弹)地对地的，舰对舰的

surfactant /səˈfækt(ə)nt/ n.  a substance which reduces surface tension 表面活性剂 [surface-active]

surfboard /ˈsɜ:fbɔ:d/ n.  a long narrow board used in surf-riding 冲浪板

surf-casting n.  fishing by casting a line into the sea from the shore 海边投钓

surfeit /ˈsɜ:fit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an excess esp. in eating or drinking (尤指吃饭或喝酒)过量，过度 2  a feeling of satiety or disgust resulting from this (吃饭或喝酒过度所引起的)厌腻，恶心 ●v. (surfeited, surfeiting)  1 tr.  overfeed 喂食过多 2 intr.  overeat 暴食 3 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  be or cause to be wearied through excess (使)厌腻 [Middle English from Old French sorfe(i)t, surfe(i)t (as SUPER-, Latin facere fact- ‘do’)]

surficial /səˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj. Geol.  of or relating to the earth's surface 【地质】地表的，地面的 □ surficially  adv.   [SURFACE, on the pattern of superficial]

surfie /ˈsɜ:fi/ n. esp. Austral.  a surf-riding enthusiast [尤澳]冲浪迷，冲浪爱好者

surf-riding n.  the sport of being carried over the surf to the shore on a surfboard 冲浪运动

surge /sɜ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sudden or impetuous onset 急速上升，急速奔涌  a surge of anger  一阵怒气 2  the swell of the waves at sea (海中的)波浪，波涛 3  a heavy forward or upward motion 汹涌，澎湃 4  a rapid increase in price, activity, etc., over a short period (价格、活动等在短时间内的)激增，急剧上升 5  a sudden marked increase in voltage in an electric circuit (电路中的)浪涌 ●v. intr.  1 (of waves, the sea, etc.) rise and fall or move heavily forward (波涛、海洋等)汹涌，澎湃 2 (of a crowd etc.) move suddenly and powerfully forwards in large numbers (人群等)蜂拥，涌冲 3 (of an electric current etc.) increase suddenly (电流等)急冲，激增 4 Naut. (of a rope, chain, or windlass) slip back with a jerk 【海】(绳索、锚链、绞车等)松开，滑脱 [Old French sourdre sourge-, or sorgir from Catalan, from Latin surgere ‘rise’]

surge chamber n.  a chamber designed to neutralize sudden changes of pressure in a flow of liquid 调压室

surgeon /ˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a medical practitioner qualified to practise surgery 外科医生 2  a medical officer in a navy or army or military hospital 军医 [Middle English via Anglo-French surgien from Old French serurgien (as SURGERY)]

surgeon fish n.  any tropical marine fish of the genus Acanthurus with movable lancet-shaped spines on each side of the tail 刺尾鱼(热带海洋鱼类，刺尾鱼属，尾侧生有能够活动的柳叶刀形状的骨刺)

surgeon general n. (pl. surgeons general) (in the US) the head of a public health service or of an army etc. medical service (美国)卫生局局长；军医处处长

surgeon's knot n.  a reef knot with a double twist 手术结，外科结

surgery /ˈsɜ:dʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the branch of medicine concerned with treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision or manipulation esp. with instruments 外科；外科学 2 Brit. [英]  a  a place where a doctor, dentist, etc., treats patients (医生、牙医等的)诊所，诊室b  the occasion of this 诊疗时间  the doctor will see you after surgery  医生将在诊疗完后见你 3 Brit. [英]  a  a place where an MP, lawyer, or other professional person gives advice (议员、律师等提供咨询的)咨询室b  the occasion of this (议员、律师等的)咨询时间 [Middle English via Old French surgerie and Latin chirurgia from Greek kheirourgia ‘handiwork, surgery’, from kheir ‘hand’ + erg- ‘work’]

surge tank n.  = SURGE CHAMBER 

surgical /ˈsɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to or done by surgeons or surgery 外科的；外科手术的 2  resulting from surgery 外科手术引起的  surgical fever  外科手术引起的发烧 3  a  used in surgery 外科用的；外科手术用的b (of a special garment etc.) worn to correct a deformity etc. (特殊服装等)用于矫正畸形(或残疾等)的 4 (esp. of military action) swift and precise (尤指军事行动)快速而精确的 □ surgically  adv.   [earlier chirurgical from chirurgy from Old French sirurgie: see SURGEON]

surgical spirit n. Brit.  methylated spirit used in surgery for cleansing etc. [英] (清洗伤口等用的)消毒用酒精

suricate /ˈs(j)ʊərikeit/ n.  a grey meerkat, Suricata suricatta 沼狸(产于南非的一种灰色猫鼬) [French from a South African native name]

Surinam /ˌsuəriˈnæm/ n.  苏里南 [南美洲国家]

Suriname   苏里南

Surinamer /sʊəriˈnæmə, sjʊə-/ n.  = SURINAMESEn.  [Suriname in S. America]

Surinamese /ˌsʊərinæˈmi:z, ˌsjʊə-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Suriname or its people 苏里南的；苏里南人的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a native or inhabitant of Suriname 苏里南人 [Suriname + -ESE]

Suriname toad /sʊəriˈnæm, sjʊə-/ n.  an aquatic S. American toad, Pipa pipa, having a flat body with long webbed feet, the female of which carries the eggs and tadpoles in pockets on her back 负子蟾(产于南美洲的水栖蟾蜍，身体扁平，蹼足，其卵和蝌蚪生活于雌蟾蜍背上的袋中)

surly /ˈsɜ:li/ adj. (surlier, surliest)  bad-tempered and unfriendly; churlish 粗暴的；乖戾的 □ surlily  adv.  □ surliness  n.   [alteration of spelling of obsolete sirly ‘haughty’, from SIR + -LY1]

surmise /səˈmaiz/ n. & v. ●n.  a conjecture or suspicion about the existence or truth of something 猜测；猜疑；臆测 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  infer doubtfully; make a surmise about 猜疑；猜测，臆测 2 tr.  suspect the existence of 猜疑…的存在 3 intr.  make a guess 猜测，猜想 [Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French fem. past part. of surmettre ‘accuse’ from Late Latin supermittere supermiss- (as SUPER-, mittere ‘send’)]

surmount /səˈmaʊnt/ v. tr.  1  overcome or get over (a difficulty or obstacle) 克服，战胜(困难或障碍) 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  cap or crown 覆盖在…顶上；加在…顶上  peaks surmounted with snow  山顶积雪的群峰 □ surmountable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French surmonter (as SUR-1, MOUNT1)]

surmullet /sɜ:ˈmʌlit/ n.  the red mullet 羊鱼 [French surmulet, from Old French sor ‘red’ + mulet MULLET]

surname /ˈsɜ:neim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a hereditary name common to all members of a family, as distinct from a Christian or first name 姓，姓氏 2 archaic  an additional descriptive or allusive name attached to a person, sometimes becoming hereditary [古义] (有时世袭的)别名，绰号 ●v. tr.  1  give a surname to 给…以姓氏，以姓氏称呼 2  give (a person a surname) 给(某人起绰号) 3 (as 作 surnamed adj.)  having as a family name 姓…的 [Middle English, alteration of surnoun, from Anglo-French (as SUR-1, NOUN)]

surpass /səˈpɑ:s/ v. tr.  1  outdo, be greater or better than 胜过；超过，优于 2 (as 作 surpassing adj.)  pre-eminent, matchless 非凡的，卓越的  of surpassing intelligence  具有非凡的智慧 □ surpassable  adj.  □ surpassingly  adv.   [French surpasser (as SUR-1, PASS1)]

surplice /ˈsɜ:plis/ n.  a loose white linen vestment varying from hip-length to calf-length, worn over a cassock by clergy and choristers at services (教士和唱诗班成员做礼拜时穿的)白法衣 □ surpliced  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French surplis, Old French sourpelis, from medieval Latin superpellicium (as SUPER-, pellicia PELISSE)]

surplus /ˈsɜ:pləs/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an amount left over when requirements have been met 过剩；剩余量 2  a  an excess of revenue over expenditure in a given period, esp. a financial year (opp. 反义 DEFICIT 2) (尤指一个财政年度的)盈余，顺差b  the excess value of a company's assets over the face value of its stock 超净资产(指公司净资产超过股票面值的部分) ●adj.  exceeding what is needed or used 过剩的，剩余的 [Middle English via Anglo-French surplus, Old French s(o)urplus from medieval Latin superplus (as SUPER-, plus ‘more’)]

surplus value n. Econ.  the difference between the value of work done and wages paid 【经】剩余价值(已完成劳动的价值与所付工资之间的差别)

surprise /səˈpraiz/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an unexpected or astonishing event or circumstance 意想不到的事情(或情况)；令人惊奇的事情(或情况) 2  the emotion caused by this 惊奇；诧异 3  the act of catching a person etc. unawares, or the process of being caught unawares 出其不意；出乎意料 4 (作 attrib.)  unexpected; made or done etc. without warning 意想不到的，出人意料的；出其不意的  a surprise visit  出人意料的访问 ●v. tr.  1  affect with surprise; turn out contrary to the expectations of 使惊讶，使惊奇，使意外  your answer surprised me  你的回答让我感到惊讶 I surprised her by arriving early  我的早到令她感到意外 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 at)  shock, scandalize 使震惊；使反感  I am surprised at you  你让我反感 3  capture or attack by surprise 出其不意地俘获；突然袭击 4  come upon (a person) unawares 撞见(某人)  surprised him taking a biscuit  撞见他在拿饼干 5 (foll. by 后跟 into)  startle (a person) by surprise into an action etc. 出其不意地使(某人)做(某事等)  surprised them into consenting  出其不意地使他们同意 □ take by surprise   affect with surprise, esp. by an unexpected encounter or statement (尤指由于意外的相遇或话语)吃惊，意外□ surprisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  □ surprising  adj.  □ surprisingly  adv.  □ surprisingness  n.   [Old French, fem. past part. of surprendre (as SUR-1, prendre from Latin praehendere ‘seize’)]

surra /ˈsʊərə, ˈsʌrə/ n.  a usu. fatal disease of horses, cattle, etc. in Asia and NE Africa, caused by trypanosomes and transmitted by horseflies 苏拉病(一种由虻传播的伊氏锥虫所引起的恶性贫血症，主要发生于亚洲和非洲东北部，牛、马等牲畜均可感染) [Marathi]

surreal /səˈriəl/ adj.  1  having the qualities of surrealism 超现实主义的 2  strange, bizarre 离奇的，荒诞的 □ surreality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ surreally  adv.   [back-formation from SURREALISM etc.]

surrealism /səˈriəliz(ə)m/ n.  a 20th-c. movement in art and literature aiming at expressing the subconscious mind, e.g. by the irrational juxtaposition of images 超现实主义 (20 世纪的一个文艺流派，通过把不合理的图像并置和组合等方法表达下意识的心理状态) □ surrealist  n. & adj.  □ surrealistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ surrealistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.   [French surréalisme (as SUR-1, REALISM)]

surrebutter /sʌriˈbʌtə/ n. Law  the plaintiff's reply to the defendant's rebutter 【法律】(原告对被告的)第三次辩驳 [SUR-1 + REBUTTER, on the pattern of SURREJOINDER]

surrejoinder /sʌriˈdʒɔində/ n. Law  the plaintiff's reply to the defendant's rejoinder 【法律】(原告对被告的)第二次辩驳 [SUR-1 + REJOINDER]

surrender /səˈrendə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  hand over; relinquish possession of, esp. on compulsion or demand; give into another's power or control 交出；(尤指被迫或按要求)放弃，交出…的权力 2 intr.  a  accept an enemy's demand for submission 投降b  give oneself up; cease from resistance; submit 停止抵抗；屈服 3 intr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 to)  give oneself over to a habit, emotion, influence, etc. 听任(习惯、情感、影响等的)摆布 4 tr.  give up rights under (a life-insurance policy) in return for a smaller sum received immediately (被保险人)退保 5 tr.  give up (a lease) before its expiry (在合约期满前)放弃(租赁合同) 6 tr.  abandon (hope etc.) 放弃(希望等) ●n.  the act or an instance of surrendering 投降；屈服；放弃；交出 □ surrender to bail   duly appear in a law court after release on bail 保释后如期出庭 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French surrendre (as SUR-1, RENDER)]

surrender value n.  the amount payable to a person who surrenders a life-insurance policy (被保险人中途放弃保险时的)退保金额，退保现金价值

surreptitious /sʌrəpˈtiʃəs/ adj.  1  covert; kept secret 偷偷的；秘密的，保密的 2  done by stealth; clandestine 鬼鬼祟祟的；偷偷摸摸的 □ surreptitiously  adv.  □ surreptitiousness  n.   [Middle English from Latin surrepticius -itius, from surripere surrept- (as SUR-1, rapere ‘seize’)]

surrey /ˈsʌri/ n. (pl. surreys) US  a light four-wheeled carriage with two seats facing forwards [美] (四轮双座的)游览马车 [originally of an adaptation of the Surrey cart, first made in Surrey in England]

surrogate /ˈsʌrəɡət/ n.  1  a substitute, esp. for a person in a specific role or office (尤指代理某个角色或职位的)替代者 2 Brit.  a deputy, esp. of a bishop in granting marriage licences [英] (尤指代理主教签发结婚证书的)主教代理人 3 US  a judge in charge of probate, inheritance, and guardianship [美] (负责遗嘱认证、遗产管理和监护的)遗嘱检验法官 □ surrogacy  n.  □ surrogateship  n.   [Latin surrogatus, past part. of surrogare ‘elect as a substitute’ (as SUR-1, rogare ‘ask’)]

surrogate mother n.  1  a person acting the role of mother 代理母亲(代理行使母亲职能的人) 2  a woman who bears a child on behalf of another woman, either from her own egg fertilized by the other woman's partner, or from the implantation in her womb of a fertilized egg from the other woman 代孕母亲(代替他人生育的妇女，其代孕方法一是使其自身卵子与委托人的男性伴侣的精子结合，也可以将委托人的受精卵移植入其子宫内)

surround /səˈraʊnd/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  come or be all round; encircle, enclose 包围，围困；围住，圈住 2 (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by, with)  have on all sides 围绕，环绕  the house is surrounded by trees  这所房子被树木所环绕 ●n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  a border or edging, esp. an area between the walls and carpet of a room 边；缘(尤指屋内地毯周围与墙之间的地面)b  a floor covering for this (屋内地毯周围与墙之间的)地板 2  an area or substance surrounding something 环绕区；环绕物 □ surrounding  adj.   [Middle English = overflow, via Anglo-French sur(o)under, Old French s(o)uronder from Late Latin superundare (as SUPER-, undare ‘flow’ from unda ‘a wave’)]

surroundings /səˈraʊndiŋz/ n. pl.  the things in the neighbourhood of, or the conditions affecting, a person or thing 周围的事物(或条件)；周围环境

surtax /ˈsɜ:tæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an additional tax on something already taxed 附加税 2  a higher rate of tax levied on incomes above a certain level, esp. hist. in Britain between 1929 and 1973 (replacing SUPERTAX) (对超过一定额的收入征收的)超额累进所得税；[尤史义] (英国 1929 至 1973 年期间征收的替代 SUPERTAX 的)超额累进所得税 ●v. tr.  impose a surtax on 对…征收附加税(或超额累进所得税) [French surtaxe (as SUR-1, TAX)]

surtitle /ˈsɜ:tait(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (esp. in opera) each of a sequence of captions projected above the stage, translating the text being sung (尤指歌剧演出时打在舞台上方的)歌词字幕 ●v. tr.  provide with surtitles 打出歌词字幕，放映歌词字幕

surtout /ˈsɜ:tu:, sɜ:ˈtu:(t)/ n. hist.  a greatcoat or frock coat [史义]男式外套(或礼服) [French, from sur ‘over’ + tout ‘everything’]

surveillance /səˈveil(ə)ns, səˈveiəns/ n.  close observation, esp. of a suspected person (尤指对涉嫌者的)监视 [French from surveiller (as SUR-1, veiller from Latin vigilare ‘keep watch’)]

survey v. & n. ●v. tr. /səˈvei/  1  take or present a general view of 纵览；通观 2  examine the condition of (a building etc.), esp. on behalf of a prospective buyer (尤指代表有意向的买主)考察，检查(建筑物等) 3  determine the boundaries, extent, ownership, etc., of (a district etc.) 测量，勘定(某一地区的边界、范围、所有权等) ●n. /ˈsɜ:vei/  1  a general view or consideration of something 纵览；通观 2  a  the act of surveying property 地产勘定b  the result or findings of this, esp. in a written report 地产勘定结果 3  an inspection or investigation 考察；调查 4  a map or plan made by surveying an area 测绘图；测绘计划 5  a department carrying out the surveying of land 土地测绘部 [Middle English via Anglo-French survei(e)r, Old French so(u)rveeir (pres. stem survey-) from medieval Latin supervidēre (as SUPER-, vidēre ‘see’)]

surveyor /səˈveiə/ n.  1  a person who surveys land and buildings, esp. professionally (尤指专业的土地、建筑物)测绘员，勘测员 2 Brit.  an official inspector, esp. for measurement and valuation [英] (尤指负责测量和评估的)检察官 3  a person who carries out surveys 调查员，考察员 □ surveyorship  n. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)  (负责测量和评估的)检察员职位 [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French surve(i)our (as SURVEY)]

survival /səˈvaiv(ə)l/ n.  1  the process or an instance of surviving 幸存；存活 2  a person, thing, or practice that has remained from a former time 幸存者；幸存物；残存物 3  the practice of coping with harsh or warlike conditions, as a leisure activity or training exercise (应付恶劣环境或战争情况的)生存训练 □ survival of the fittest   the process or result of natural selection 适者生存

survivalism /səˈvaiv(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  a policy of trying to ensure one's own survival or that of one's social or national group 活命主义；活命原则 2  the practising of outdoor survival skills as a sport or hobby (作为一项运动或业余爱好的)野外生存技能训练 □ survivalist  n. & adj.  

survival kit n.  emergency rations etc., esp. as carried by servicemen (尤指军人携带的)救生包

survive /səˈvaiv/ v.  1 intr.  continue to live or exist; be still alive or existent 继续生存(或存在)；存活 2 tr.  live or exist longer than 比…活得长；比…存在得久 3 tr.  remain alive after going through, or continue to exist in spite of (a danger, accident, etc.) 从(危险、事故等中)逃生，幸存 □ survivable  adj. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)   [Middle English via Anglo-French survivre, Old French sourvivre from Latin supervivere (as SUPER, vivere ‘live’)]

survivor /səˈvaivə/ n.  1  a person who survives or has survived 幸存者，存活者 2 Law  a joint tenant who has the right to the whole estate on the other's death 【法律】对死者名下财产具有享有权的生者

Sus. abbr. [缩略]  Susanna (Apocrypha) 

sus var.  of SUSS  SUSS 的变体

sus- /sʌs, səs/ prefix  assim. form of SUB- before c, p, t (用于字母 c, p, t 前) SUB- 的同化形式

Susan /ˈsu:zn/   苏珊 [人名]

susceptibility /səseptiˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being susceptible 敏感性；过敏性 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a person's sensitive feelings 感情，敏感处 3 Physics  the ratio of magnetization to a magnetizing force 【物理学】磁化率，电极化率

susceptible /səˈseptib(ə)l/ adj.  1  impressionable, sensitive; easily moved by emotion 易受感动的，敏感的；多情的，易动感情的 2 (作 predic.)  a (foll. by 后跟 to)  likely to be affected by; liable or vulnerable to 易受…影响的；易受…伤害的  susceptible to pain  对疼痛敏感b (foll. by 后跟 of)  allowing; admitting of 容许…的；可被…的  facts not susceptible of proof  不能够证实的事实 □ susceptibly  adv.   [Late Latin susceptibilis from Latin suscipere suscept- (as SUB-, capere ‘take’)]

susceptive /səˈseptiv/ adj.  1  having the quality of taking or receiving; receptive 有接受能力的；可以接受的 2  = SUSCEPTIBLE  [Late Latin susceptivus (as SUSCEPTIBLE)]

sushi /ˈsu:ʃi, ˈsʊʃi/ n.  a Japanese dish in which various ingredients such as raw fish are added to vinegar-flavoured cold rice and formed into balls or rolls 寿司(一种日本食物，为丸状或卷状的冷米饭团，拌有醋，配有生鱼片等菜肴) [Japanese]

Susie /ˈsu:zi/   苏西 [人名]

suslik var.  of SOUSLIK  SOUSLIK 的变体

suspect v., n. & adj. ●v. tr. /səˈspekt/  1  have an impression of the existence or presence of 怀疑…；对…有所察觉  suspects poisoning  怀疑下了毒 2 (foll. by 后跟 to be)  believe tentatively, without clear grounds 猜想，推测 3 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  be inclined to think 觉得，认为 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  be inclined to accuse mentally; doubt the innocence of 怀疑(某人有罪或不清白)  suspect him of complicity  怀疑他犯有同谋罪 5  doubt the genuineness or truth of 怀疑…的真实性 ●n. /ˈsʌspekt/  a suspected person 被怀疑者，涉嫌者 ●adj. /ˈsʌspekt/  subject to or deserving suspicion or distrust; not sound or trustworthy 有嫌疑的；可疑的；不可信的 [Middle English from Latin suspicere suspect- (as SUB-, specere ‘to look’)]

suspend /səˈspend/ v. tr.  1  hang up 悬挂，吊起 2  keep inoperative or undecided for a time; defer 暂不决断；延缓，推迟 3  debar temporarily from a function, office, privilege, or from attending school, etc. (功能、职位、特权、上学等)暂停，暂时取消 4 (as 作 suspended adj.) (of solid particles or a body in a fluid medium) sustained somewhere between top and bottom (液体介质中的固体微粒或物体)悬浮的 □ suspend payment  (of a company) fail to meet its financial engagements; admit insolvency (公司)无力清偿债务；承认破产□ suspensible  adj.   [Middle English from Old French suspendre or Latin suspendere suspens- (as SUB-, pendere ‘hang’)]

suspended animation n.  a temporary cessation of the vital functions without death 假死

suspended sentence n.  a judicial sentence left unenforced subject to good behaviour during a specified period 缓刑

suspender /səˈspendə/ n.  1 Brit.  an attachment to hold up a stocking or sock by its top [英]吊袜带 2 (in pl. 用复数) N. Amer.  a pair of braces [北美]裤子吊带，背带

suspender belt n.  a woman's undergarment consisting of a belt and suspenders (女用)吊袜带

suspense /səˈspens/ n.  1  a state of anxious uncertainty or expectation 担心，挂虑；悬念 2 Law  a suspension; the temporary cessation of a right etc. 【法律】(权利等的)暂时终止，暂停 □ keep in suspense   delay informing (a person) of urgent information 延缓告知(某人)紧急信息□ suspenseful  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French suspens from the past part. of Latin suspendere SUSPEND]

suspense account n.  an account in which items are entered temporarily before allocation to the right account 暂记账

suspension /səˈspenʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of suspending or the condition of being suspended 悬，挂，吊；悬而未决；悬念状态 2  the means by which a vehicle is supported on its axles (车轴上托住车身的)悬架 3  a substance consisting of particles suspended in a medium 悬浮液，悬浮物 4 Mus.  the prolongation of a note of a chord to form a discord with the following chord 【音】悬留法 [French suspension or Latin suspensio (as SUSPEND)]

suspension bridge n.  a bridge with a roadway suspended from cables supported by structures at each end 吊桥，悬索桥

suspensive /səˈspensiv/ adj.  1  having the power or tendency to suspend or postpone 暂停的，中止的 2  causing suspense 引起悬念的；令人担心的 □ suspensively  adv.  □ suspensiveness  n.   [French suspensif-ive or medieval Latin suspensivus (as SUSPEND)]

suspensory /səˈspens(ə)ri/ adj. (of a ligament, muscle, bandage, etc.) holding an organ etc. suspended (韧带、肌肉、绷带等)悬吊的 [French suspensoire (as SUSPENSION)]

suspicion /səˈspiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the feeling or thought of a person who suspects 怀疑，猜疑 2  the act or an instance of suspecting; the state of being suspected 嫌疑，涉嫌；遭到怀疑 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a slight trace of 一点儿 □ above suspicion   too obviously good etc. to be suspected 无可怀疑□ under suspicion   suspected 遭到怀疑 [Middle English via Anglo-French suspeciun (Old French sospeçon) from medieval Latin suspectio -onis, from Latin suspicere (as SUSPECT): assimilated to French suspicion & Latin suspicio]

suspicious /səˈspiʃəs/ adj.  1  prone to or feeling suspicion 多疑的；猜疑的 2  indicating suspicion 表示怀疑的  a suspicious glance  怀疑的一瞥 3  inviting or justifying suspicion 可疑的  a suspicious lack of surprise  未表露出惊奇，十分可疑 □ suspiciously  adv.  □ suspiciousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French from Latin suspiciosus (as SUSPICION)]

suss /sʌs/ v., n. & adj. (also 亦作 sus) Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. tr. (sussed, sussing)  1  suspect of a crime 怀疑有罪，涉嫌 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 out)  a  investigate, inspect 调查，探察  go and suss out the restaurants  去那些餐馆调查一下b  work out; grasp, understand, realize 推定；探明；获知；意识到  he had the market sussed  他已探明了市场 3 (as 作 sussed adj.)  well informed; aware 消息灵通的；明白的 ●n.  1  a suspect 被怀疑者，涉嫌者 2  a suspicion; suspicious behaviour 怀疑；嫌疑；可疑行为 ●adj.  suspicious, suspect 怀疑的；可疑的，有嫌疑的 □ on suss   on suspicion (of having committed a crime) 涉嫌(犯罪) [abbreviation of SUSPECT, SUSPICION]

Sussex /ˈsʌsiks/ n.  1  a speckled or red domestic fowl of an English breed 苏塞克斯鸡(英国一种有斑点的或红色的家禽) 2  this breed 苏塞克斯鸡品种 [Sussex, a former county in S. England]

sustain /səˈstein/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  support, bear the weight of, esp. for a long period (尤指长期)支撑，承重 2  give strength to; encourage, support 给…以力量；鼓励，支持 3 (of food) give nourishment to (食物)提供营养，维持生命 4  endure, stand; bear up against 忍受，承受；经受 5  undergo or suffer (defeat or injury etc.) 蒙受，遭受(失败、伤害等) 6 (of a court etc.) uphold or decide in favour of (an objection etc.) (法庭等)认可，赞成(异议等) 7  substantiate or corroborate (a statement or charge) 确认，证实(陈述或指控) 8  maintain or keep (a sound, effort, etc.) going continuously 保持，使(声音、努力等)持续 9  continue to represent (a part, character, etc.) adequately 胜任(某一角色、人物等) ●n. Mus.  the effect or result of sustaining a note, esp. electronically 【音】延长音的效果(尤指电子音乐) □ sustainedly  /-nidli/ adv.  □ sustainer  n.  □ sustainment  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French sustein-, Old French so(u)stein-, stressed stem of so(u)stenir, from Latin sustinēre sustent- (as SUB-, tenēre ‘hold’)]

sustainable /səˈsteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 Ecol. (esp. of development) which conserves an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources 【态】(尤指发展)可持续的 2  that can be sustained 能承受的，支撑得住的；能维持的，能保持的 □ sustainably  adv. Ecol. 【态】  □ sustainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n. Ecol. 【态】  

sustenance /ˈsʌst(ə)nəns, -tin-/ n.  1  a  nourishment, food 营养品，食物b  the process of nourishing 滋养(过程) 2  a means of support; a livelihood 供养手段；生计 [Middle English from Anglo-French sustenaunce, Old French so(u)stenance (as SUSTAIN)]

sustentation /sʌst(ə)nˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. formal [正式]  1  the support of life 生活资料，营养物 2  maintenance 支持，维持，供养 [Middle English from Old French sustentation or Latin sustentatio from sustentare, frequentative of sustinēre SUSTAIN]

susurration /sju:sʌˈreiʃ(ə)n, su:-/ n. (also 亦作 susurrus /sju:ˈsʌrəs, su:-/) literary  a sound of whispering or rustling [文学用语]低语，窃窃私语；沙沙声，飒飒声 [Middle English via Late Latin susurratio from Latin susurrare]

sutler /ˈsʌtlə/ n. hist.  a person following an army and selling provisions etc. to the soldiers [史义]随军小贩 [obsolete Dutch soeteler from soetelen ‘befoul, perform mean duties’, from Germanic]

Sutra /ˈsu:trə/ n.  1  an aphorism or set of aphorisms in Hindu literature (印度教典籍中的)箴言，箴言集 2  a narrative part of Buddhist literature (佛经中的)经 3  Jainist scripture 耆那教圣典 [Sanskrit sūtra ‘thread, rule’, from siv SEW]

suttee /sʌˈti:, ˈsʌti/ n. (also 亦作 sati) (pl. suttees or satis)  1  the former Hindu practice of a widow immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre 殉夫自焚(旧时印度教习俗) 2  a widow who underwent this 自焚殉夫的寡妇 [Hindi from Sanskrit satī ‘faithful wife’, from sat ‘good’]

suture /ˈsu:tʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Surgery 【外科】  a  the joining of the edges of a wound or incision by stitching (伤口或切口的)缝合b  the thread or wire used for this 缝合线 2  the seamlike junction of two bones, esp. in the skull (尤指头颅中的)骨缝 3 Bot. & Zool.  a similar junction of parts 【植】【动】接缝 ●v. tr. Surgery  stitch up (a wound or incision) with a suture 【外科】缝合(伤口或切口) □ sutural  adj.  □ sutured  adj.   [French suture or Latin sutura, from suere sut- ‘sew’]

Suva /ˈsu:və/ n.  苏瓦 [斐济首都]

suzerain /ˈsu:zərein/ n.  1 hist.  a feudal overlord [史义]封建主 2  a sovereign or state having some control over another state that is internally autonomous 宗主国君主；宗主国 □ suzerainty  n.   [French, apparently from sus ‘above’ (from Latin su(r)sum ‘upward’), suggested by souverain SOVEREIGN]

Suzy /ˈsu:zi/   苏西 [人名]

s.v. abbr. [缩略]  1  a side valve 侧阀，旁阀 2 (in a reference) under the word or heading given (参考书目中)在…词下；在…词条下 [sense 2 from Latin sub voce (or verbo)]

svelte /svelt/ adj.  slender, lissom, graceful (身材)细长的；苗条的；优雅的 [French from Italian svelto]

Svengali /svenˈɡɑ:li/ n. (pl. Svengalis)  a person who exercises a controlling or mesmeric influence on another, esp. for a sinister purpose 斯文加利式人物(尤指为罪恶目的控制他人使其唯命是从的人) [a character in George Du Maurier's Trilby]

SW abbr. [缩略]  1  south-west  2  south-western 

swab /swɒb/ n. & v. (also 亦作 swob) ●n.  1  a mop or other absorbent device for cleaning or mopping up (擦洗地板等用的)拖把(或拖布等) 2  a  an absorbent pad used in surgery (外科用的)消毒棉，药棉b  a wad of absorbent material fixed to the end of a rod and used for cleaning or applying medication (用以擦洗、敷药等的)药签，拭子c  a specimen of a possibly morbid secretion taken with a swab for examination (用拭子采的)化验标本，拭样 3 slang  a term of contempt for a person [俚语]蠢材，饭桶 ●v. tr. (swabbed, swabbing)  1  clean (a wound, ship's deck, etc.) with a swab (用药棉)清洗(伤口等)；(用拖布等)清洗(甲板等) 2 (foll. by 后跟 up)  absorb (moisture) with a swab (用拖把等)擦干，吸干 [back-formation from swabber, via early modern Dutch zwabber from a Germanic base = ‘splash, sway’]

swaddle /ˈswɒd(ə)l/ v. tr.  swathe (esp. an infant) in garments or bandages etc. 包裹(尤指用襁褓包裹婴儿) [Middle English, from SWATHE + -LE4]

swaddling-clothes n. pl. hist.  narrow bandages formerly wrapped round a newborn child to restrain its movements and quieten it [史义]襁褓

swag /swæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 slang [俚语]  a  the booty carried off by burglars etc. (夜盗等偷抢来的)赃物b  illicit gains 非法所得 2  a  an ornamental festoon of flowers, fruit, etc. 垂彩(用于装饰的一丛悬垂的花朵或水果等)b  a carved or painted representation of this (雕刻或绘制的)垂花饰c  drapery hung so that it curves along its top edge (上边呈弧形的)垂帘 3 Austral. & NZ  a traveller's or miner's bundle of personal belongings [澳新] (旅行者或矿工的)背包，行囊 ●v. (swagged, swagging)  1 tr.  arrange (a curtain etc.) in swags 用垂彩装饰(窗帘等) 2 intr.  a  hang heavily 垂下b  sway from side to side 摇晃 3 tr.  cause to sway or sag 使摇晃；使垂下 [Middle English: probably from Scandinavian]

swage /sweidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a die or stamp for shaping wrought iron etc. by hammering or pressure (锻压用的)陷型模，铁模 2  a tool for bending metal etc. (用于弯曲金属等的)旋锻工具 ●v. tr.  shape with a swage (用陷型模等)使成型；型锻，模锻 [French s(o)uage ‘decorative groove’, of unknown origin]

swage-block n.  a block with various perforations, grooves, etc., for shaping metal (锻压金属用的)型砧

swagger /ˈswæɡə/ v., n. & adj. ●v. intr.  1  walk arrogantly or self-importantly 大摇大摆地走，趾高气扬地走 2  behave arrogantly; be domineering 傲慢自大，盛气凌人 ●n.  1  a swaggering gait or manner 大摇大摆；昂首阔步 2  swaggering behaviour 傲慢自大的行为，盛气凌人的行为 3  a dashing or confident air or way of doing something 傲慢自大，盛气凌人 4 Brit.  smartness [英]时髦；漂亮 ●adj.  1 colloq.  smart or fashionable [口]漂亮的，时髦的 2 (of a coat) cut with a loose flare from the shoulders (外套)从肩膀起下摆宽松张开的 □ swaggerer  n.  □ swaggeringly  adv.   [apparently from SWAG v. + -ER4]

swagger stick n.  a short cane carried by a military officer (军官用的)短手杖

swagman /ˈswæɡmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Austral. & NZ  a tramp carrying a swag (see 见 SWAG n. 3) [澳新]背着行囊的流浪者

Swahili /swəˈhi:li, swɑ:-/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a Bantu-speaking people of Zanzibar and adjacent coasts 斯瓦希里人(桑给巴尔及其附近海滨地区讲班图语的人) 2  their language, used widely as a lingua franca in E. Africa 斯瓦希里语(斯瓦希里人所讲的班图语，已成为在东部非洲很多地区使用的语言) ●adj.  of or relating to the Swahili or their language 斯瓦希里人的；斯瓦希里语的 [Arabic sawɑˉhil, pl. of sɑˉhil ‘coast’]

swain /swein/ n.  1 archaic  a country youth [古义]乡村青年 2 poet.  a young lover or suitor [诗]情郎；求爱的男子 [Middle English swein from Old Norse sveinn ‘lad’ = Old English swɑˉn ‘swineherd’, from Germanic]

swale /sweil/ n. esp. US & dial. [尤美方]  a low or hollow place, esp. a marshy depression or hollow between ridges 洼地，低湿地；(尤指沙脊间的)滩槽 [16th c.: origin unknown]

swallow1 /ˈswɒləʊ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  cause or allow (food etc.) to pass down the throat 吞，咽(食物等) 2 intr.  perform the muscular movement of the oesophagus required to do this 做吞咽动作 3 tr.  a  accept meekly; put up with (an affront etc.) 容忍；忍受(当众侮辱等)b  accept credulously (an unlikely assertion etc.) 轻信(靠不住的说法等) 4 tr.  repress; resist the expression of (a feeling etc.) 压抑；抑制(情感等)  swallow one's pride  忍辱 5 tr.  articulate (words etc.) indistinctly 含混地说(话等) 6 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  engulf or absorb; exhaust; cause to disappear 吞没，淹没；耗尽，用尽；使消失 ●n.  1  the act of swallowing 吞，咽 2  an amount swallowed in one action 一次吞咽的量 □ swallowable  adj.  □ swallower  n.   [Old English swelg (n.), swelgan (v.), from Germanic]

swallow2 /ˈswɒləʊ/ n.  any of various migratory swift-flying insect-eating birds of the family Hirundinidae, esp. Hirundo rustica, with a forked tail and long pointed wings 燕子(燕科中的任意一种能够快速捕食飞虫的候鸟，尤指家燕，其尾呈叉状，翼尖长) □ one swallow does not make a summer   a warning against a hasty inference from one instance 独燕不成夏(指不可仅凭偶然现象而贸然下结论) [Old English swealwe, from Germanic]

swallow-dive n. Brit.  a dive with the arms outspread until close to the water [英]燕式跳水

swallow-hole n. Brit. [英]  = sink-hole (see 见 SINK n. 6) 

swallowtail /ˈswɒləʊteil/ n.  1  a deeply forked tail (深叉形的)燕尾 2  anything resembling this shape 燕尾形物 3  any butterfly of the family Papilionidae with wings extended at the back to this shape 凤蝶(有燕尾形翅膀的凤蝶科蝴蝶) □ swallow-tailed  adj.  

swam past  of SWIM  

swami /ˈswɑ:mi/ n. (pl. swamis)  a Hindu male religious teacher (印度教的)男教师 [Hindi swɑˉmī ‘master, prince’, from Sanskrit svɑˉmin]

swamp /swɒmp/ n. & v. ●n.  a piece of waterlogged ground; a bog or marsh 沼泽；湿地 ●v.  1  a tr.  overwhelm, flood, or soak with water 淹没，浸没，浸湿b intr.  become swamped 被淹没 2 tr.  overwhelm or make invisible etc. with an excess or large amount of something (以极大的数量或数目)压倒，吞没；使不见 □ swampy  adj. (swampier, swampiest)   [17th c., probably ultimately from a Germanic base meaning ‘sponge’ or ‘fungus’]

swampland /ˈswɒmplænd/ n.  land consisting of swamps 沼泽地带

swan /swɒn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large waterbird of the genus Cygnus etc., having a long flexible neck, webbed feet, and in most species snow-white plumage 天鹅(天鹅属大型水鸟，生有细长柔软的脖颈，蹼掌，大多数品种羽毛为雪白色) 2 literary  a poet [文学用语]诗人 ●v. intr. (swanned, swanning) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 about, off, etc.) Brit. colloq.  move or go aimlessly or casually or with a superior air [英口]漫游，漂泊 □ Swan of Avon  literary  Shakespeare [文学用语]埃文河上的天鹅(指莎士比亚)□ swanlike  adj. & adv.   [Old English from Germanic]

swan-dive n. N. Amer. [北美]  = SWALLOW-DIVE 

swank /swæŋk/ n., v. & adj. colloq. [口] ●n.  ostentation, swagger, bluff 炫耀；摆架子；虚张声势 ●v. intr.  behave with swank; show off 炫耀，出风头；摆架子 ●adj. esp. US [尤美]  = SWANKY  [19th c.: origin uncertain]

swankpot /ˈswæŋkpɒt/ n. Brit. colloq.  a person behaving with swank [英口]爱炫耀的人；喜欢摆架子的人；虚张声势的人

swanky /ˈswæŋki/ adj. (swankier, swankiest) colloq. [口]  1  marked by swank; ostentatiously smart or showy 时髦的；炫耀的，奢华卖弄的 2 (of a person) inclined to swank; boastful (人)爱出风头的；爱吹嘘的 □ swankily  adv.  □ swankiness  n.  

swan-neck n.  a curved structure shaped like a swan's neck 天鹅颈状结构

swannery /ˈswɒnəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where swans are bred 天鹅饲养场

swansdown /ˈswɒnzdaʊn/ n.  1  the fine down of a swan, used in trimmings and esp. in powder puffs 天鹅绒(用于衣物镶边，尤用于制作粉扑) 2  a kind of thick cotton cloth with a soft nap on one side 纬面起绒厚棉布

swansong /ˈswɒnsɒŋ/ n.  1  a person's last work or act before death or retirement etc. (某人死亡或退休前等的)最后作品(或言行) 2  a song like that fabled to be sung by a dying swan (寓言中的)天鹅临死前的哀鸣

swan-upping n. Brit.  the annual taking up and marking of Thames swans [英] (泰晤士河上一年一度的)给天鹅刻标志活动

swap /swɒp/ v. & n. (also 亦作 swop) ●v. tr. & intr. (swapped, swapping)  exchange or barter (one thing for another) 交换；以物易物 ●n.  1  an act of swapping 交换；以物易物 2  a thing suitable for swapping 适合交换的物品 3  a thing swapped 交换物 □ swapper  n.   [originally = ‘hit’: Middle English, probably imitative]

swap meet n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a gathering at which enthusiasts or collectors trade or exchange items 物物交换市场 2  a flea market 跳蚤市场，旧货市场

Swapo /ˈswɑ:pəʊ/ abbr.  South-West Africa People's Organization [缩略]西南非洲人民组织

Swaraj /swəˈrɑ:dʒ/ n. hist.  self-government or independence for India [史义] (印度的)自治，独立 □ Swarajist  n.   [Sanskrit svarɑˉjya, from sva ‘own’ + rɑˉjya ‘rule’: cf. RAJ]

sward /swɔ:d/ n. esp. literary [尤文学用语]  1  an expanse of short grass 草地 2  turf 草皮 □ swarded  adj.   [Old English sweard ‘skin’]

sware /swɛə/ archaic [古义] past  of SWEAR 

swarf /swɑ:f/ n.  1  fine chips or filings of stone, metal, etc. (石头、金属等的)切屑，细屑 2  wax etc. removed in cutting a gramophone record (刻制唱片时切下的)细蜡丝(或细蜡屑等) [Old Norse svarf ‘file-dust’]

swarm1 /swɔ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cluster of bees leaving the hive with a queen to establish a new colony (为建立新巢跟随蜂王迁出的)蜂群 2  a large number of insects or birds moving in a cluster (集体迁移的)一大群昆虫(或鸟类) 3  a large group of people, esp. moving over or filling a large area (尤指移动中或挤满较大区域的)一大群人 4 (in pl. 用复数 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  great numbers 大群，大批 5  a group of zoospores 游动孢子群 ●v. intr.  1  move in or form a swarm 蜂拥成群地移动；聚集成群 2  gather or move in large numbers 云集；成群移动 3 (foll. by 后跟 with) (of a place) be overrun, crowded, or infested (地方)挤满，充满  was swarming with tourists  挤满了旅游者 [Old English swearm, from Germanic]

swarm2 /swɔ:m/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 up) & tr.  climb (a rope or tree etc.), esp. in a rush, by clasping or clinging with the hands and knees etc. (尤指在匆忙中用手和膝盖等)爬(绳子或树等) [16th c.: origin unknown]

swart /swɔ:t/ adj. archaic  swarthy, dark-hued [古义]黝黑的，黑黝黝的 [Old English sweart, from Germanic]

swarthy /ˈswɔ:ði/ adj. (swarthier, swarthiest)  dark, dark-complexioned 黝黑的；黑皮肤的 □ swarthily  adv.  □ swarthiness  n.   [variant of obsolete swarty (as SWART)]

swash1 /swɒʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of water etc.) wash about; make the sound of washing or rising and falling (水等)飞溅，冲击；发出飞溅声，发出冲击声 2 tr. archaic  strike violently [古义]猛击 3 intr. archaic  swagger [古义]大摇大摆，趾高气扬 ●n.  the motion or sound of swashing water 飞溅，冲击；飞溅声，冲击声 [imitative]

swash2 /swɒʃ/ adj.  1  inclined obliquely 倾斜的 2 (of a letter) having a flourished stroke or strokes (字母)花饰的，花饰体的 [17th c.: origin unknown]

swashbuckler /ˈswɒʃbʌklə/ n.  1  a swaggering adventurer or blustering ruffian 虚张声势的冒险家；亡命徒，暴徒 2  a film, book, etc. portraying swashbuckling characters (描写冒险家、亡命徒、暴徒的)电影(或书等) □ swashbuckling  adj. & n.   [SWASH1 + BUCKLER]

swash-plate n.  an inclined disc revolving on an axle and giving reciprocating motion to a part in contact with it (斜装在轴上的)旋转斜盘

swastika /ˈswɒstikə/ n.  1  an ancient symbol formed by an equal-armed cross with each arm continued at a right angle 万字饰，万字形符号(古代的一种象征标志，由尾部弯曲的十字组成，其四臂顺一个方向弯成直角) 2  this with clockwise continuations as the symbol of Nazi Germany (四臂按顺时针方向弯曲的)卐字徽标(纳粹德国的徽标) [Sanskrit svastika from svasti ‘well-being’, from su ‘good’ + asti ‘being’]

swat /swɒt/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (swatted, swatting)  1  crush (a fly etc.) with a sharp blow 重拍(苍蝇等) 2  hit hard and abruptly 猛击 ●n.  a swatting blow 重拍；猛击 [originally = sit down: northern English dialect & US variant of SQUAT]

swatch /swɒtʃ/ n.  1  a sample, esp. of cloth or fabric (尤指布料或织品的)样品，样本 2  a collection of samples 样品集，样本集 [16th c.: origin unknown]

swath /swɔ:θ, swɒθ/ n. (also 亦作 swathe /sweið/) (pl. swaths /swɔ:θs, swɔ:ðs, swɒθs/ or swathes)  1  a ridge of grass or corn etc. lying after being cut (割下的)一行草(或谷物等) 2  a space left clear after the passage of a mower etc. (割草机等通过后的)割刈过的地带 3  a broad strip 长而宽的一条 □ cut a wide swath  US  make a pompous display, cut a dash [美]炫耀；出风头 [Old English swœth, swathu]

swathe /sweið/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  bind or enclose in bandages or garments etc. (用绷带、衣物等)绑，捆；缠裹，包扎 ●n.  a bandage or wrapping 绷带；包扎物，包裹物 [Old English swathian]

swatter /ˈswɒtə/ n.  an implement for swatting flies 苍蝇拍

sway /swei/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  lean or cause to lean unsteadily in different directions alternately (使)摇摆，(使)摆动，(使)摇晃 2 intr.  oscillate irregularly; waver 摆晃；摇摆 3 tr.  a  control the motion or direction of 控制…的行动(或方向)b  have influence or rule over 影响；支配，统治 ●n.  1  rule, influence, or government 统治；影响；政府  hold sway  有影响力 2  a swaying motion or position 摇摆，摇动，摇晃 3 Sc. & N. Engl.  an iron rod in a fireplace used for hanging kettles etc. [苏格兰和英格兰北部] (壁炉上用于吊水壶等的)铁杆 [Middle English: cf. Low German swɑˉjen ‘be blown to and fro’, Dutch zwaaien ‘swing, wave’]

sway-back n.  an abnormally hollowed back (esp. of a horse); lordosis (尤指马的)病态凹背；(人的)脊柱前凸 □ sway-backed  adj.  

Swazi /ˈswɑ:zi/ adj. & n.  斯威士兰的(人)

Swaziland   斯威士兰

swear /swɛə/ v. & n. ●v. (past swore /swɔ:/; past part. sworn /swɔ:n/)  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  state or promise solemnly or on oath 发誓，宣誓b  take (an oath) 发(誓)，宣(誓) 2 tr. colloq.  say emphatically; insist [口]强调；坚持  swore he had not seen it  坚持说他没看到 3 tr.  cause to take an oath (使)发誓，(使)宣誓  swore them to secrecy  要他们发誓保守秘密 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  use profane or indecent language, esp. as an expletive or from anger (尤指作为感叹语或出于愤怒的)咒骂，诅咒 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  make a sworn affirmation of (an offence) 发誓对(罪行)作证  swear treason against  发誓作证…犯有叛国罪 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 by)  a  appeal to as a witness in taking an oath 对…的起誓  swear by Almighty God  对全能的上帝起誓b colloq.  have or express great confidence in [口]极其信任；深信  swears by yoga  极其相信瑜伽术 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to; usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  admit the certainty of 断言…属实  could not swear to it  不能确定那件事是否属实 8 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at) colloq. (of colours etc.) fail to harmonize with [口] (颜色等)与…不协调 ●n.  a spell of swearing 宣誓；诅咒 □ swear blind  Brit. colloq.  affirm emphatically [英口]极为肯定□ swear in   induct into office etc. by administering an oath 宣誓就职□ swear off  colloq.  promise to abstain from (drink etc.) [口]保证戒除(酒等)□ swear out  US  obtain the issue of (a warrant for arrest) by making a charge on oath [美]通过宣誓所控属实后得到(逮捕令)□ swearer  n.   [Old English swerian from Germanic: related to ANSWER]

swear word n.  a profane or indecent word, esp. uttered as an expletive (尤指作为感叹语的)诅咒，咒骂

sweat /swet/ n. & v. ●n.  1  moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, esp. from heat or nervousness (尤指由于热或紧张而出的)汗 2  a state or period of sweating 出汗，流汗 3 colloq.  a state of anxiety [口]焦躁，不安  was in a sweat about it  为此事焦躁不安 4 colloq. [口]  a  drudgery, effort 辛苦；努力b  a laborious task or undertaking 苦工，苦活 5  condensed moisture on a surface (凝结在表面的)湿气 6 (in pl. 用复数) esp. N. Amer. colloq. [尤北美口]  a  = SWEATSUIT b  = SWEATPANTS c  = SWEATSHIRT  ●v. (past and past part. sweated or US [美] sweat)  1 intr.  exude sweat; perspire 出汗，流汗 2 intr.  be terrified, suffering, etc. 恐惧；痛苦 3 intr. (of a wall etc.) exhibit surface moisture (墙等)有湿气，渗出水珠 4 intr.  drudge, toil 辛苦工作 5  a intr. & tr.  exude or cause to exude or condense moisture in the form of drops on a surface, esp. as part of a manufacturing process (尤作为生产制作过程的一部分) (使)表面渗出水珠b tr.  heat (meat or vegetables) slowly in fat or water to extract the juices 用文火炖(肉或蔬菜)c tr.  subject (hides or tobacco) to fermentation in manufacturing (在制作过程中)使(烟草)发酵；使(生皮)发汗脱毛 6 tr.  emit (blood, gum, etc.) like sweat 渗出(血、树胶等) 7 tr.  make (a horse, athlete, etc.) sweat by exercise 使(赛马、运动员等)活动发汗 8 tr.  a  cause to drudge or toil 使拼命工作，使做苦工b (as 作 sweated adj.) (of goods, workers, or labour) produced by or subjected to long hours under poor conditions (商品、工人、劳动)靠苦力劳动而得的；卖苦力的 9 tr. Metallurgy  subject (metal) to partial melting, esp. to fasten or join by solder without a soldering iron 【冶金学】(尤指不用焊条)熔焊(金属) □ by the sweat of one's brow   by one's own hard work 靠自己的辛苦劳动□ no sweat  colloq.  there is no need to worry [口]不必担心□ sweat blood  colloq. [口]  1  work strenuously 拼命工作 2  be extremely anxious 极度焦虑□ sweat bullets  N. Amer. slang  sweat profusely [北美] [俚语]大汗淋漓，汗流浃背□ sweat it out  colloq.  endure a difficult experience to the end [口]捱过一段艰难时期 [Old English swɑˉt (n.), swɑˉtan (v., corresponding to Old High German sweizzen ‘roast’), from Germanic: the noun altered from earlier swote in imitation of the verb]

sweatband /ˈswetbænd/ n.  a band of absorbent material inside a hat or round a wrist etc. to soak up sweat (用吸水材质制作的置于帽内或戴在手腕等上的)防汗带，吸汗带

sweater /ˈswetə/ n.  1  = PULLOVER  2  an employer who works employees hard in poor conditions for low pay 榨取雇员血汗的雇主

sweat gland n.  a spiral tubular gland below the skin secreting sweat 汗腺

sweating-sickness n.  any of various fevers with intense sweating, epidemic in England in the 15th and 16th centuries (15 和 16 世纪时流行于英国的)汗热病，流行性粟粒疹热

sweatpants /ˈswetpænts/ n. pl.  loose thick esp. cotton trousers with an elasticated or drawstrings waist, worn for sports or leisurewear (尤指运动或休闲时穿的)棉质宽松运动长裤

sweatshirt /ˈswetʃɜ:t/ n.  a loose long-sleeved thick esp. cotton sweater, fleecy on the inside and worn for sports or leisurewear (尤指运动或休闲时穿的)棉质长袖运动衫

sweatshop /ˈswetʃɒp/ n.  a workshop where sweated labour is used 血汗工厂(工作条件恶劣且使用廉价劳工的工厂)

sweat sock n. N. Amer.  a thick absorbent calf-length sock worn with trainers [北美] (与运动鞋同穿的)吸汗长袜

sweatsuit /ˈswetsu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a suit of a sweatshirt and sweatpants, as worn by athletes etc. (运动员等穿的)运动装

sweaty /ˈsweti/ adj. (sweatier, sweatiest)  1  sweating; covered with sweat 出汗的；汗流浃背的 2  causing sweat 引起出汗的 □ sweatily  adv.  □ sweatiness  n.  

Swede /swi:d/ n.  1  a  a native or national of Sweden 瑞典人b  a person of Swedish descent 瑞典人后裔 2 (作 swede) (in full 全称 swede turnip) Brit. [英]  a  a cruciferous plant, Brassica napus, with a large yellow-fleshed root, originally from Sweden 芜菁甘蓝，瑞典芜菁(原产于瑞典的十字花科植物，生有很大的黄色块根)b  this root as a vegetable ; also called 亦称作 rutabaga 芜菁甘蓝，瑞典芜菁(指作为蔬菜的块根) [Middle Low German & Middle Dutch Swēde, probably from Old Norse Svíthjóth, from Svíar ‘Swedes’ + thjóth ‘people’]

Sweden   瑞典

Swedish /ˈswi:diʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Sweden or its people or language 瑞典的；瑞典人的；瑞典语的 ●n.  the language of Sweden 瑞典语

Sweeney /ˈswi:ni/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit. slang  the members of a flying squad [英] [俚语]闪电行动队队员 [rhyming slang from Sweeney Todd, a barber who murdered his customers]

sweep /swi:p/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. swept /swept/)  1 tr.  clean or clear (a room or area etc.) with or as with a broom 扫，清扫(房间或区域等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  clean a room etc. in this way 打扫(房间等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  collect or remove (dirt or litter etc.) by sweeping 扫去，清除(尘土、废纸等) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 aside, away, etc.)  a  push with or as with a broom 扫去，掸去，拂去b  dismiss or reject abruptly 粗暴地反对  their objections were swept aside  他们的反对意见被粗暴地搁置一旁 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 along, down, etc.)  carry or drive along with force 猛力移动，猛力推进 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away, etc.)  remove or clear forcefully 用力清除，肃清 7 tr.  traverse swiftly or lightly (快速或轻轻地)吹过，刮过  the wind swept the hillside  风刮过山岗 8 tr.  impart a sweeping motion to 挥动  swept his hand across  他把手一挥 9 tr.  swiftly cover or affect 迅速蔓延；迅速传播  a new fashion swept the country  一种新时尚迅速风行全国 10 intr.  a  glide swiftly; speed along with unchecked motion 掠过，擦过，拂过b  go majestically 昂首阔步地走 11 intr. (of geographical features etc.) have continuous extent (地理特点等)连绵，绵延 12 tr.  drag (a river bottom etc.) to search for something (在河底等)用拖网打捞 13 tr. (of artillery etc.) include in the line of fire; cover the whole of (炮火等)在射程之内；控制整个 14 tr.  propel (a barge etc.) with sweeps 划动长桨推进(划艇等) 15 tr. N. Amer.  win every event, award, or place in (a contest) [北美] (在竞赛中)赢得所有的奖项(或奖品、名次) ●n.  1  the act or motion or an instance of sweeping 扫，拂；清扫，打扫 2  a curve in the road, a sweeping line of a hill, etc. (道路的)转弯处；(山等的)连绵的一片 3  range or scope 范围  beyond the sweep of the human mind  超出人类心智所能理解的范围 4  = CHIMNEY SWEEP  5  a sortie by aircraft (飞机的)出动，出击 6 colloq. [口]  = SWEEPSTAKE 1, 2  7  a long oar worked from a barge etc. (划艇等上可用于操舵的)长桨 8  the sail of a windmill (风车的)风帆 9  a long pole mounted as a lever for raising buckets from a well (用于将桶从井中提起的)吊杆 10 Electronics  the movement of a beam across the screen of a cathode ray tube 【电子学】扫描 11  a survey of an area, esp. the night sky, made in an arc or circle (对某区域尤指对夜空弧线形或环形的)扫掠，扫视 12 (also in pl. 亦用复数) US  a survey, taking place several times a year, of the popularity ratings of local television stations, carried out to determine advertising rates [美]电视台民意调查(一项每年进行数次的关于地方电视台受欢迎程度的调查，用以确定广告价格) □ make a clean sweep of   1  completely abolish or expel 彻底废除；彻底驱除 2  win all the prizes etc. in (a competition etc.) (在竞赛等中的)全胜□ sweep away   1  abolish swiftly 迅速废除 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  powerfully affect, esp. emotionally (尤指感情方面)强烈地影响□ sweep the board   1  win all the money in a gambling game 赢得所有赌注 2  win all possible prizes etc. 赢得所有的奖项(或奖品等)□ sweep under the carpet   see 见 CARPET  [Middle English swepe (earlier swōpe) from Old English swɑˉpan]

sweepback /ˈswi:pbæk/ n.  the angle at which an aircraft's wing is set back from a position at right angles to the body (机翼的)后掠角

sweeper /ˈswi:pə/ n.  1  a person who cleans by sweeping 清洁工，清扫工 2  a device for sweeping carpets etc. (清扫地毯等的)清扫器 3 Football  a defensive player usu. playing behind the other defenders across the width of the field 【足球】自由中卫

sweeping /ˈswi:piŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  wide in range or effect 大幅度的；影响广泛的  sweeping changes  具有广泛影响的变化 2  taking no account of particular cases or exceptions 笼统的；概括性的  a sweeping statement  概括性的说法 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  dirt etc. collected by sweeping 扫集的尘土(或垃圾等) □ sweepingly  adv.  □ sweepingness  n.  

sweep second hand n.  a second hand on a clock or watch, moving on the same dial as the other hands (钟或表的)长秒针

sweepstake /ˈswi:psteik/ n.  1  a form of gambling on horse races etc. in which all competitors' stakes are paid to the winners 赌金全赢制比赛(用所有参赛者的赌注作为胜者奖金的赛马等比赛) 2  a race with betting of this kind 实行赌金全赢制的比赛 3  a prize or prizes won in a sweepstake (赌金全赢制比赛中赢得的)奖

sweet /swi:t/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having the pleasant taste characteristic of sugar 甜的 2  smelling pleasant like roses or perfume etc.; fragrant 芬芳的，芳香的 3 (of sound etc.) melodious or harmonious (声音等)悦耳的，和谐的 4  a  not salt, sour, or bitter 不咸的；不酸的；不苦的b  fresh, with flavour unimpaired by rottenness 新鲜的，没有变质的c (of water) fresh and readily drinkable (水)新鲜能饮用的 5 (of wine) having a sweet taste (opp. 反义 DRY adj. 2) (葡萄酒)甜的 6  highly gratifying or attractive 十分令人满意的；非常吸引人的 7  amiable, pleasant 和蔼的，温柔的  has a sweet nature  性格温柔 8 colloq. (of a person or thing) pretty, charming, endearing [口] (人或物)漂亮的，吸引人的，可爱的 9 (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq.  fond of; in love with [口]喜欢；喜爱 10 esp. iron.  one's own; particular, individual [尤讽]自己的；特别的，个人的  goes his own sweet way  他自行其事 ●n.  1 Brit.  a small shaped piece of confectionery usu. made with sugar or sweet chocolate [英]糖果 2 Brit.  a sweet dish forming a course of a meal [英] (用餐中的)甜品，甜点 3  a sweet part of something; sweetness (某物的)有甜味的部分；芳香 4 (in pl. 用复数)  delights, gratification 快乐，乐趣 5 (esp. as a form of address) sweetheart etc. (尤用于称呼)宝贝，亲爱的 □ she's sweet  Austral. slang  all is well [澳] [俚语]一切都好□ sweetish  adj.  □ sweetly  adv.   [Old English swēte, from Germanic]

sweet alyssum  see 见 ALYSSUM 2 

sweet and sour attrib. adj.  cooked in a sauce containing sugar and vinegar or lemon etc. 糖醋的；甜酸的  sweet and sour pork  糖醋猪肉

sweet basil  see 见 BASIL 

sweet bay n.  = BAY2 1 

sweetbread /ˈswi:tbred/ n.  the pancreas or thymus of an animal, esp. as food (尤指供食用的动物的)胰脏，杂碎

sweet-brier n.  a wild rose, Rosa eglanteria, with small fragrant leaves and flowers 多花蔷薇(一种野蔷薇，叶和花小且芳香)

sweet chestnut  see 见 CHESTNUT n. 1 

sweet cicely n.  a white-flowered aromatic umbelliferous plant, Myrrhis odorata 欧洲没药(一种具伞形花序的开白色花朵的芳香植物)

sweetcorn /swi:tkɔ:n/ n.  1  a kind of maize with kernels having a high sugar content 甜玉米(一种含糖量很高的玉米) 2  these kernels, eaten as a vegetable when young 甜玉米(指作为蔬菜食用的嫩玉米)

sweeten /ˈswi:t(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become sweet or sweeter (使)变甜，(使)更甜 2 tr.  make agreeable or less painful 令人愉快；使舒适 □ sweeten the pill   see 见 PILL □ sweetening  n.  

sweetener /ˈswi:t(ə)nə/ n.  1  a substance used to sweeten food or drink (食物或饮料的)增甜剂 2 colloq.  a bribe or inducement [口]贿赂；引诱物

sweet fennel  see 见 FENNEL 3 

sweet flag n.  a waterside plant, Acorus calamus (arum family), with leaves like those of the iris, used medicinally and as a flavouring 菖蒲(一种生长于水边的植物，叶与鸢尾花叶相似，可作药或调味品)

sweet gale  see 见 GALE2 

sweetheart /ˈswi:thɑ:t/ n.  1  a lover or darling 心爱的人，心上人 2  a term of endearment (esp. as a form of address) 亲爱的(尤用作称呼)

sweetheart agreement n. (also 亦作 sweetheart contract or deal) colloq.  an industrial agreement reached privately by employers and trade unions in their own interests [口] (工会头目与资方为了自身的利益私下所订的)合同

sweetie /ˈswi:ti/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  a sweet [英]糖果 2 (also 亦作 sweetie-pie)  a term of endearment (esp. as a form of address) 甜心，宝贝(尤用作称呼) 3  a green-skinned hybrid variety of grapefruit, noted for its sweet taste 甜柚(一种杂交种的绿皮柚子，以其甜味著称)

sweeting /ˈswi:tiŋ/ n.  1  a sweet-flavoured variety of apple 甜苹果 2 archaic  darling [古义]亲爱的

sweetmeal /ˈswi:tmi:l/ n. Brit. [英]  1  sweetened wholemeal 甜味粗面粉 2  a sweetmeal biscuit (用甜味粗面粉制作的)甜味粗面饼干

sweetmeat /ˈswi:tmi:t/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a sweet (see 见 SWEET n. 1) 糖果 2  a small fancy cake (制作精致的)小甜糕

sweetness /ˈswi:tnis/ n.  the quality of being sweet; fragrance, melodiousness, etc. 甜；芬芳；悦耳；和谐 □ sweetness and light   a display of (esp. uncharacteristic) mildness and reason (尤指与平常行为不符的)和蔼可亲，温文尔雅

sweet pea n.  any climbing plant of the genus Lathyrus, esp. L. odoratus with fragrant flowers in many colours (长有攀缘茎的)山黧豆属植物；(尤指花朵芬芳且有各种颜色的)香豌豆

sweet pepper n.  a pepper (capsicum) with a relatively mild taste 甜椒

sweet potato n.  1  a tropical climbing plant, Ipomoea batatas, with sweet tuberous roots used for food 甘薯，番薯，白薯(一种长有攀缘茎的热带植物，具有可食用的块根，味甘甜) 2  the root of this 甘薯，番薯，白薯(指其块根)

sweet rocket  see 见 ROCKET2 1 

sweet rush n. (also 亦作 sweet sedge)  a sedge with a thick creeping aromatic rootstock used in medicine and confectionery 菖蒲；香茅(一种莎草科植物，根茎粗而长，有香味，可制药或制作甜食)

sweetshop /ˈswi:tʃɒp/ n. Brit.  a shop selling sweets as its main item [英]糖果店

sweetsop /ˈswi:tsɒp/ n.  1  a tropical American evergreen shrub, Annona squamosa 蕃荔枝(一种产于美洲的热带常青灌木) 2  the fruit of this, having a green rind and a sweet pulp 蕃荔枝(指果实，绿皮，果肉甘甜)

sweet sultan n.  a sweet-scented plant, Centaurea moschata or C. suaveoleus (daisy family) (一种雏菊属芳香植物)

sweet talk n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  flattery, blandishment 奉承话，讨好话 ●v. tr. (作 sweet-talk)  flatter in order to persuade 用奉承话劝诱(或哄骗)

sweet-tempered adj.  amiable 性情温和的

sweet tooth n.  a liking for sweet-tasting things 对甜食的爱好

sweet violet n.  a sweet-scented violet, Viola odorata 香堇菜

sweet william n.  a garden pink, Dianthus barbatus, with clusters of vivid fragrant flowers 美国石竹(一种庭园石竹花，石竹属，花朵芳香并组成簇状色彩鲜艳花团)

swell /swel/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (past part. swollen /ˈswəʊlən/ or swelled)  1 intr. & tr.  grow or cause to grow bigger or louder or more intense; expand; increase in force or intensity (使)增加，(使)增大，(使)增强；扩展；(力量或强度)增加，扩大 2 intr. (often foll. by 通常后跟 up) & tr.  rise or raise up from the surrounding surface (使)凸出，(使)隆起；(使)肿胀，(使)膨胀 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  bulge 膨胀，隆起 4 intr. (of the heart as the seat of emotion) feel full of joy, pride, relief, etc. (内心)充满(喜悦、自豪、慰藉等) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  be hardly able to restrain (pride etc.) 难以抑制(自豪感等) ●n.  1  an act or the state of swelling 增加，增大，增强；膨胀，肿胀；凸起，隆起 2  the heaving of the sea with waves that do not break, e.g. after a storm (海水的)汹涌起伏 3  a  a crescendo 声音逐渐增强b  a mechanism in an organ etc. for obtaining a crescendo or diminuendo (风琴等的)音量调节器 4 archaic colloq.  a person of distinction or of dashing or fashionable appearance [古义] [口]出众的人；时髦的人 5  a protuberant part 隆起处；肿块 ●adj.  1 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  fine, splendid, excellent [尤北美口]极好的，绝妙的，了不起的 2 archaic colloq.  smart, fashionable [古义] [口]漂亮的，时髦的 □ swellish  adj.   [Old English swellan, from Germanic]

swell-box n.  a box in which organ pipes are enclosed, with a shutter for controlling the sound level (管风琴的)音响调节箱

swelled head n. (also 亦作 swollen head) colloq.  conceit [口]自命不凡，自负

swelling /ˈsweliŋ/ n.  an abnormal protuberance on or in the body 肿块；肿胀处

swell-organ n.  a section of an organ with pipes in a swell-box (管风琴的)增音音箱

swelter /ˈsweltə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of the atmosphere, or a person etc. suffering from it) be uncomfortably hot (空气或人等)热得难受，热得发昏 ●n.  a sweltering atmosphere or condition 闷热，湿热 □ swelteringly  adv.   [base of (now dialect) swelt from Old English sweltan ‘perish’, from Germanic]

swept past and past part.  of SWEEP 

swept-back adj. (of an aircraft wing) fixed at an acute angle to the fuselage, inclining outwards towards the rear (机翼)后掠形的，后掠翼的

swept-up adj. (of hair) upswept (头发)向上梳理的

swept-wing adj. (of an aircraft) having swept-back wings (飞机)有后掠翼的

swerve /swɜ:v/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr.  change or cause to change direction, esp. abruptly (尤指突然地) (使)转向 ●n.  1  a swerving movement 转向 2  divergence from a course 偏离方向 □ swerveless  adj.  □ swerver  n.   [Old English sweorfan ‘depart, leave’]

SWG abbr.  standard wire gauge [缩略]标准线规

swift /swift/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  quick, rapid; soon coming or passing 快速的，迅速的 2  speedy, prompt 即时的，敏捷的  a swift response  敏捷的反应 was swift to act  立即作出反应 ●adv. (archaic except in comb. [古义]用于复合词除外)  swiftly 快速地，迅速地  swift-moving  快速移动的 ●n.  1  any swift-flying insect-eating bird of the family Apodidae, with long wings and a superficial resemblance to a swallow 褐雨燕(飞行速度很快的鸟，捕食昆虫，翅膀长，外形如燕子) 2  a revolving frame for winding yarn etc. (纺织等用的)纱框，绷架；滚筒 □ swiftly  adv.  □ swiftness  n.   [Old English, related to swīfan ‘move in a course’]

swiftie /ˈswifti/ n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  a deceptive trick 诡计 2  a person who acts or thinks quickly 行动敏捷的人；思维敏捷的人

swiftlet /ˈswiftlit/ n.  a small swift of the genus Collocalia 金丝燕

swig /swiɡ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. & intr. (swigged, swigging)  drink in large draughts 大口地喝，痛饮 ●n.  a large draught or swallow of drink, esp. of alcoholic liquor (尤指含酒精饮料的)一大口 □ swigger  n.   [16th c., originally as noun in obsolete sense ‘liquor’: origin unknown]

swill /swil/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Brit.  rinse or flush; pour water over or through [英]冲洗，冲刷；用水浇泼；用水注满 2 tr. & intr.  drink greedily 大喝，痛饮 ●n.  1 Brit.  an act of rinsing [英]冲洗，冲刷 2  mainly liquid usu. kitchen refuse as pig-food (通常用作猪食的)泔水 3  inferior liquor 劣质酒 □ swiller  n.   [Old English swillan, swilian, of unknown origin]

swim /swim/ v. & n. ●v. (swimming; past swam /swæm/; past part. swum /swʌm/)  1 intr.  propel the body through water by working the arms and legs, or (of a fish etc.) the fins and tail 游泳 2 tr.  a  traverse (a stretch of water or its distance) by swimming 游过(一段水面或一段距离)b  compete in (a race) by swimming (比赛)游泳c  use (a particular stroke) in swimming (用某种泳姿)游泳 3 intr.  float on or at the surface of a liquid (在液面上)漂浮，漂流  bubbles swimming on the surface  水面上漂浮着泡沫 4 intr.  appear to undulate or reel or whirl 仿佛在起伏；仿佛在旋转 5 intr.  have a dizzy effect or sensation 感到眩晕  my head swam  我觉得头晕 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, with)  be flooded 被淹没 ●n.  1  a spell or the act of swimming 游泳 2  a deep pool frequented by fish in a river (河中多鱼的)深水区 □ in the swim   involved in or acquainted with what is going on 介入(或了解)当前情况□ swimmable  adj.  □ swimmer  n.   [Old English swimman, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 The use of swum instead of swam for the past tense, as in He swum for the shore, is non-standard. 用 swum 代替 swam 作为动词过去式(如 He swum for the shore) 属于非标准用法。 

swim-bladder n.  a gas-filled sac in fishes used to maintain buoyancy 鱼鳔

swimmeret /ˈswiməret/ n. (in crustaceans) an abdominal limb adapted for swimming (甲壳类动物的)游泳足，桡肢

swimming bath n. Brit.  a swimming pool, esp. a public indoor one [英]游泳池(尤指公共的室内游泳池)

swimming costume n. Brit.  a garment worn for swimming [英]游泳衣

swimmingly /ˈswimiŋli/ adv.  with easy and unobstructed progress 顺利地，顺畅地

swimming pool n.  an artificial indoor or outdoor pool for swimming (室内或室外的人造)游泳池

swimming trunks  see 见 TRUNK 7 

swimsuit /ˈswimsu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a one-piece swimming costume worn by women (女用的单件式的)游泳衣 □ swimsuited  adj.  

swimwear /ˈswimwɛə/ n.  clothing worn for swimming (总称)游泳衣

swindle /ˈswind(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out of)  1  cheat (a person) of money, possessions, etc. 诈骗，骗取(某人的钱财等)  was swindled out of all his savings  他所有的积蓄都被骗走了 2  cheat a person of (money etc.) 诈骗，诈取(某人的钱等)  swindled all his savings out of him  骗走了他所有的积蓄 ●n.  1  an act of swindling 欺诈，诈骗 2  a person or thing represented as what it is not 骗子；骗人的东西 3  a fraudulent scheme 骗局 □ swindler  n.   [back-formation from swindler from German Schwindler ‘extravagant maker of schemes, swindler’, from schwindeln ‘be dizzy’]

swine /swain/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1 formal or US  a pig [正式] [美]猪 2 (pl. swine or swines) colloq. [口]  a  a term of contempt or disgust for a person 猪猡，下流坯(对人的蔑称)b  a very unpleasant or difficult thing 十分讨厌的东西；非常棘手的事 □ swinish  adj. (esp. in sense 2 尤用于释义 2)  □ swinishly  adv.  □ swinishness  n.   [Old English swīn, from Germanic]

swine fever n.  an intestinal viral disease of pigs 猪瘟

swineherd /ˈswainhɜ:d/ n.  a person who tends pigs 猪倌，养猪人

swine vesicular disease n.  an infectious viral disease of pigs causing mild fever and blisters around the mouth and feet 猪水泡病(猪的一种病毒性传染病，可引起低烧和口蹄部位的水泡)

swing /swiŋ/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. swung /swʌŋ/)  1 intr. & tr.  move or cause to move with a to-and-fro or curving motion, as of an object attached at one end and hanging free at the other (使)摇摆，(使)摇晃 2 intr. & tr.  a  sway 摇动，摇晃b  hang so as to be free to sway 悬挂摇摆c  oscillate or cause to oscillate (使)摆动 3 intr. & tr.  revolve or cause to revolve (使)旋转 4 intr.  move by gripping something and leaping etc. 摆荡  swung from tree to tree  从一棵树荡到另一棵树上 5 intr.  go with a swinging gait 大摇大摆地走  swung out of the room  大摇大摆地走出房间 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 round)  move round to the opposite direction 转身，转弯 7 intr.  change from one opinion or mood to another 转变观点(或情绪) 8  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  attempt to hit or punch (试图)打，击b tr.  throw (a punch) 挥动(拳头) 9  a intr. (also 亦作 swing it)  play music with swing (see sense 7b of n. 见名词释义 7b) 有节奏地演奏音乐b tr.  play (a tune or passage) with swing 有节奏地演奏(曲子或乐章)c intr. (of music) be played with swing (音乐)有节奏地被演奏 10 intr. colloq. [口]  a  be lively or up to date; enjoy oneself 跟上时代，赶时髦；享乐b  be promiscuous 乱搞男女关系，乱交 11 intr. colloq. (of a party etc.) be lively, successful, etc. [口] (聚会等)活跃热烈(或成功等) 12 tr.  have a decisive influence on (esp. voting etc.) (尤指对投票等)具有决定性的影响 13 tr. colloq.  deal with or achieve; manage [口]处理；对付 14 intr. colloq.  be executed by hanging [口]处以绞刑 15 Cricket 【板球】  a intr. (of the ball) deviate from a straight course in the air (球)侧飞b tr.  cause (the ball) to do this 使(球)侧飞 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of swinging 摇摆，摆动，摇晃 2  the motion of swinging 摇摆，摆动，摇晃 3  the extent of swinging 摇摆(或摆动)的幅度 4  a swinging or smooth gait or rhythm or action 大摇大摆的步态；轻快有节奏的韵律(或行动) 5  a  a seat slung by ropes or chains etc. for swinging on or in 秋千b  a spell of swinging on this 荡秋千 6  an easy but vigorous continued action 轻快而有力的连续动作 7  a  jazz or dance music with an easy flowing but vigorous rhythm (轻快但节奏强劲的)爵士乐(或舞曲)b  the rhythmic feeling or drive of this music (爵士乐或舞曲的)节奏感 8  a discernible change in opinion, esp. the amount by which votes or points scored etc. change from one side to another (观点，尤其是选票或积分等在数量上有明显的)转变 □ swing the lead  Brit. colloq.  malinger; shirk one's duty [英口]装病偷懒；逃避责任□ swings and roundabouts  Brit.  a situation affording no eventual gain or loss (from the phr. 源自短语 lose on the swings what you make on the roundabouts) [英]有失也有得□ swinger  n. (esp. in sense 10 of v. 尤用于动词释义 10)   [Old English swingan ‘to beat’, from Germanic]

swingbin /ˈswiŋbin/ n.  a plastic rubbish bin with a lid that swings open and shut 带盖的塑料垃圾箱

swingboat /ˈswiŋbəʊt/ n. esp. Brit.  a boat-shaped swing at fairs [尤英]船形秋千

swing bowler n. Cricket  a bowler who swings the ball (see 见 SWING v. 15) 【板球】投侧飞球的投手 □ swing bowling  n.  

swing-bridge n.  a bridge that can be swung to one side to allow the passage of ships 平转桥，旋转桥

swing-door n. Brit.  a door able to open in either direction and close itself when released [英]转门，双开式弹簧门

swinge /swin(d)ʒ/ v. tr. (swingeing) archaic  strike hard; beat [古义]责打；鞭打 [alteration of Middle English swenge from Old English swengan ‘shake, shatter’, from Germanic]

swingeing /ˈswin(d)ʒiŋ/ adj. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 (of a blow) forcible (打击)有力的，猛烈的 2  huge or far-reaching, esp. in severity (尤指严肃性或严重性)巨大的，深远的  swingeing economies  影响深远的经济 □ swingeingly  adv.  

swinging /swiŋiŋ/ adj.  1 (of gait, melody, etc.) vigorously rhythmical (步态、旋律等)节奏强劲的 2 colloq. [口]  a  lively; up to date; excellent 活跃的；赶时髦的；极好的b  promiscuous 滥交的，乱交的 □ swingingly  adv.  

swingle /ˈswiŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wooden instrument for beating flax and removing the woody parts from it (用于打清亚麻的)打麻器 2  the swinging part of a flail (连枷上的)打禾棍 ●v. tr.  clean (flax) with a swingle 用打麻器打清(亚麻) [Middle English from Middle Dutch swinghel (as SWING, -LE1)]

swingletree /ˈswiŋɡ(ə)ltri:/ n.  a crossbar pivoted in the middle, to which the traces are attached in a cart, plough, etc. (马车、犁等的)横木

swing shift n. US  a work shift from afternoon to late evening [美] (从下午到午夜的)中班，小夜班

swing-wing n.  an aircraft wing that can move from a right-angled to a swept-back position (飞机的)可变后掠翼

swingy /ˈswiŋi/ adj. (swingier, swingiest)  1 (of music) characterized by swing (see 见 SWING n. 7) (音乐)节奏强劲的 2 (of a skirt or dress) designed to swing with body movement (短裙或连衣裙)随身体旋转摆动的

swipe /swaip/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 tr. & (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  intr. hit hard and recklessly with a sweeping motion 猛击，重击，挥击 2 tr.  steal 偷窃，扒窃 3 tr.  pass (a swipe card) over the electronic device that reads it 将(磁卡)放入磁卡机读卡 ●n.  an act of swiping, esp. a reckless hard hit or attempted hit (尤指鲁莽或试图的)猛击，重击，挥击 □ swiper  n.   [perhaps a variant of SWEEP]

swipe card n.  a credit card etc. on which magnetically encoded information is stored to be read by an electronic device (信用卡等的)磁卡(卡上存有经过加密的磁化信息，可供某种电子装置阅读)

swipple /ˈswip(ə)l/ n.  the swingle of a flail (连枷上的)打禾棍 [Middle English, probably formed as SWEEP + -LE1]

swirl /swɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr.  move or flow or carry along with a whirling motion 打旋，旋动，旋转 ●n.  1  a swirling motion of or in water, air, etc. (水、空气等的)打旋，旋动，旋转 2  the act of swirling 旋转，盘绕 3  a twist or curl, esp. as part of a pattern or design (尤指图案或设计中的)旋涡，盘旋，卷曲 □ swirly  adj.   [Middle English (originally as noun): originally Scots, perhaps of Low German or Dutch origin]

swish /swiʃ/ v., n. & adj. ●v.  1 tr.  swing (a scythe or stick etc.) (audibly through the air, grass, etc.) (在空中或草地等处)嗖地挥动(镰刀或棍棒等) 2 intr.  move with or make a swishing sound 嗖嗖地移动；发出嗖嗖声 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off)  cut (a flower etc.) in this way 嚓嚓地剪切(花朵等) ●n.  a swishing action or sound 嗖嗖的移动；嗖嗖声 ●adj. Brit. colloq.  smart, fashionable [英口]漂亮的，时髦的 [imitative]

swishy /ˈswiʃi/ adj.  1  making a swishing sound 嗖嗖作响的 2 slang  effeminate [俚语]脂粉气的，女人气的

Swiss /swis/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Switzerland in western Europe or its people 瑞士的；瑞士人的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or national of Switzerland 瑞士人 2  a person of Swiss descent 瑞士人后裔 [French Suisse from Middle High German Swīz]

Swiss chard  see 见 CHARD 

Swiss cheese plant n.  a climbing house plant, Monstera deliciosa, with aerial roots and holes in the leaves as in some Swiss cheeses 蓬莱蕉(一种种植在房屋上的攀缘植物，生有气生根，叶片上有小孔，用于制作某些瑞士干酪)

Swiss roll n. Brit.  a cylindrical cake with a spiral cross-section, made from a flat piece of sponge cake spread with jam etc. and rolled up [英]圆筒夹心蛋糕(夹有果酱等的蛋糕卷)

switch /switʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit (电路的)开关，电闸 2  a  a transfer, changeover, or deviation 转移；转变；偏离b  an exchange 交换 3  a slender flexible shoot cut from a tree (树木的)细软枝条 4  a light tapering rod (细软的)鞭子，杖条 5 US  a device at the junction of railway tracks for transferring a train from one track to another = POINT n. 17 [美] (使火车从一条轨道驶入另一轨道的)道岔，转辙器 6  a tress of false or detached hair tied at one end, used in hairdressing (美发中用的)假发 7  a  a computer system which manages the transfer of funds between point-of-sale terminals and institutions 商业零售结算系统(一个用于把商业零售终端的资金转移到商业或金融机构的计算机系统)b (作 Switch propr. [商标])  an EFTPOS system in the UK (英国的)商业零售电子结算系统c  the transfer of funds by such a system (通过商业零售结算系统进行的)资金转移 ●v.  1 tr. & absol. [含宾] (foll. by 后跟 on, off)  turn (an electrical device) on or off 开，关(电器) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  change or transfer position, subject, etc. 改变，转换(位置、话题等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  change or transfer 改变，转换 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  reverse the positions of; exchange 调换位置；交换  switched chairs  交换椅子 5 tr. Brit.  swing or snatch (a thing) suddenly [英]猛然抢走，猛地夺走(某物)  switched it out of my hand  突然把它从我手中夺走 6 tr.  beat or flick with a switch 鞭打；抽打 □ switch off  colloq.  cease to pay attention [口]不再注意□ switch over   = senses 2, 3, 4 of the v. □ switchable  adj.  □ switcher  n.   [earlier swits, switz, probably from Low German]

switchback /ˈswitʃbæk/ n.  1 Brit.  a railway at a fair etc., in which the train's ascents are effected by the momentum of its previous descents [英] (游乐场等中的)惊险小铁路 2 (often 常作 attrib.)  a railway or road with alternate sharp ascents and descents (铁路或公路的)之字型起伏陡路

switchblade /ˈswitʃbleid/ n.  a pocket knife with the blade released by a spring 弹簧小折刀

switchboard /ˈswitʃbɔ:d/ n.  an apparatus for varying connections between electric circuits, esp. in telephony (尤指电话通讯中的)配电盘；交换机，交换台

switched-on adj. Brit. [英]  1 colloq.  up to date; alert, aware of what is going on [口]时新的，新潮的；入时的，时髦的 2 slang  excited; under the influence of drugs [俚语]兴奋的；在毒品作用下的

switchgear /ˈswitʃɡiə/ n.  1  the switching equipment used in the transmission of electricity (用于电力传输的)开关设备，开关装置，电路控制 2  the switches or electrical controls in a motor vehicle (机动车的)开关装置，电路控制

switch-over n.  an instance of switching over (see 见 SWITCH v. 2, 3, 4); a changeover 转换，转变，调换；彻底转变

swither /ˈswiðə/ v. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●v. intr.  hesitate; be uncertain 犹豫，踌躇；困惑 ●n.  doubt or uncertainty 怀疑；困惑 [16th c.: origin unknown]

Switzerland   瑞士

swivel /ˈswiv(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a coupling between two parts enabling one to revolve without turning the other 转体，旋转轴承 ●v. tr. & intr. (swivelled, swivelling; US [美] swiveled, swiveling)  turn on or as on a swivel 旋转，转动 [Middle English, from weak grade swif- of Old English swīfan ‘sweep’ + -LE1: cf. SWIFT]

swivel chair n.  a chair with a seat able to be turned horizontally 转椅

swivet /ˈswivit/ n. esp. US (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 in a swivet)  a fluster or panic; a hurry [尤美]极度的激动，狂乱；焦躁不安 [19th c.: origin unknown]

swizz /swiz/ n. (also 亦作 swiz) (pl. swizzes) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  something unfair or disappointing 不公正的事；令人失望的事 2  a swindle 欺骗，诈骗 [abbreviation of SWIZZLE2]

swizzle1 /ˈswiz(ə)l/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a mixed alcoholic drink esp. of rum or gin and bitters made frothy 碎冰鸡尾酒(尤指起泡沫的混有朗姆酒或杜松子酒和苦味药酒的鸡尾酒) ●v. tr.  stir with a swizzle-stick 用搅酒棒搅拌 [19th c.: origin unknown]

swizzle2 /ˈswiz(ə)l/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  = SWIZZ  [20th c.: probably alteration of SWINDLE]

swizzle-stick n.  a stick used for frothing or flattening drinks (调饮料用的)搅拌棒，调酒棒

swob var.  of SWAB  SWAB 的变体

swollen past part.  of SWELL  

swollen head var.  of SWELLED HEAD  SWELLED HEAD 的变体

swoon /swu:n/ v. & n. literary [文学用语] ●v. intr.  faint; fall into a fainting-fit, esp. from excitement 昏晕；(尤指兴奋过度造成的)晕厥 ●n.  an occurrence of fainting 昏晕；晕厥 [Middle English swoune, perhaps a back-formation from the noun swogning, via iswogen from Old English geswogen ‘to overcome’]

swoop /swu:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  descend rapidly like a bird of prey (如猛禽般)猛扑，飞扑 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  make a sudden attack from a distance 突然扑向 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up) colloq.  snatch the whole of at one swoop [口]抓取，攫取 ●n.  a swooping or snatching movement or action 猛扑，飞扑；抓取，攫取 □ at (or in) one fell swoop   see 见 FELL4  [perhaps a dialect variant of obsolete swōpe from Old English swɑˉpan: see SWEEP]

swoosh /swu:ʃ, swʊʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  the noise of a sudden rush of liquid, air, etc. (液体、空气等的)哗哗声，嗖嗖声 ●v. intr.  move with this noise 哗哗地移动；嗖嗖地移动 [imitative]

swop var.  of SWAP  SWAP 的变体

sword /sɔ:d/ n.  1  a weapon usu. of metal with a long blade and hilt with a handguard, used esp. for thrusting or striking, and often worn as part of ceremonial dress 剑，刀(通常为有细长刀刃和防护手柄的武器，尤用于挥击或刺击，经常作为礼仪服装的一部分而佩带) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  war 战争b  military power 军事力量，武力 □ put to the sword   kill, esp. in war (尤指在战争中)杀，杀死□ swordlike  adj.   [Old English sw(e)ord, from Germanic]

sword-bearer n.  an official carrying the sovereign's etc. sword on a formal occasion (正式场合为国王等要人捧剑的)捧剑官

swordbill /ˈsɔ:dbil/ n.  a long-billed hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera 刀嘴蜂鸟(一种长嘴蜂鸟)

sword dance n.  a dance in which the performers brandish swords or step about swords laid on the ground 剑舞(表演者挥舞剑或在放置于地上的刀剑间起舞)

swordfish /ˈsɔ:dfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a large marine fish, Xiphias gladius, with an extended swordlike upper jaw 箭鱼(一种大型海鱼，上颌突出呈剑状)

sword grass n.  a grass, Scirpus americanus, with swordlike leaves 剑状(或齿状)叶草(一种长有剑状或齿状叶的草)

sword knot n.  a ribbon or tassel attached to a sword-hilt originally for securing it to the wrist 剑柄带圈(原用于将剑固定于腕上的绳圈或流苏)

sword lily n.  = GLADIOLUS 

sword of Damocles /ˈdæməkli:z/ n.  an imminent danger (from Damokles, flatterer of Dionysius of Syracuse (4th c. BC) made to feast while a sword hung by a hair over him) 达摩克利斯剑，迫近的危险(传说公元前 4 世纪时锡拉库扎的暴君戴奥尼索斯宴请其献媚者达摩克利斯时，在其头顶上方用一细线悬挂一剑)

sword of justice n. (prec. by 前接 the)  judicial authority 司法权

Sword of State n.  a sword borne before the sovereign on state occasions 御剑(国事活动中由人捧持在国王前的宝剑)

swordplay /ˈsɔ:dplei/ n.  1  fencing 击剑，舞剑，剑术 2  repartee; cut-and-thrust argument 敏捷的应答；针锋相对的争论

swordsman /ˈsɔ:dzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person of (usu. specified) skill with a sword 击剑手，剑客 □ swordsmanship  n.  

swordstick /ˈsɔ:dstik/ n.  a hollow walking stick containing a blade that can be used as a sword 内藏刀剑的手杖，剑杖

sword-swallower n.  a person ostensibly or actually swallowing sword blades as entertainment 吞剑表演者

swordtail /ˈsɔ:dteil/ n.  1  a tropical fish, Xiphophorus helleri, with a long tail 剑尾鱼(一种热带鱼，尾鳍很长) 2  = HORSESHOE CRAB 

swore past  of SWEAR  

sworn /swɔ:n/ past part.  of SWEAR ; adj. bound by or as by an oath 发过誓的，宣誓过的；断言的  sworn enemies  不共戴天的仇敌

swot /swɒt/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. (swotted, swotting)  1 intr.  study assiduously 用功读书，苦读 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  study (a subject) hard or hurriedly 苦读，苦攻(某一学科) ●n.  1  a person who swots 用功读书的人 2  a  hard study 苦读b  a thing that requires this 辛苦的工作 [dialect variant of SWEAT]

swum past part.  of SWIM  

swung past and past part.  of SWING 

swung dash n.  a dash (～) with alternate curves 代字符(～)

swy /swai/ n. Austral.  the game of two-up [澳]抛双币打赌 [German zwei ‘two’]

SY abbr.  steam yacht [缩略]汽艇

-sy /si/ suffix  forming diminutive nouns  popsy  小宝贝 and adjectives  folksy  有民间风味的 tipsy  微醉的 构成指小的名词和形容词

sybarite /ˈsibərait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who is self-indulgent or devoted to sensuous luxury 奢靡逸乐的人，骄奢淫逸的人 ●adj.  fond of luxury or sensuousness 奢靡逸乐的，骄奢淫逸的 □ sybaritic  /-ˈritik/ adj.  □ sybaritical  /-ˈritik(ə)l/ adj.  □ sybaritically  /-ˈritik(ə)li/ adv.  □ sybaritism  n.   [originally an inhabitant of Sybaris, an ancient Greek city in S. Italy, noted for luxury, from Latin sybarita from Greek subaritēs]

Sybil /ˈsibil/   西比尔 [人名]

sycamine /ˈsikəmin, -ain/ n. Bibl.  the black mulberry tree, Morus nigra (see Luke 17:6; in modern versions translated as ‘mulberry tree’) 【圣经】西克曼(黑桑树) (见《圣经·路加福音》 17:6 ；现代版本译为 ‘mulberry tree’) [Latin sycaminus via Greek sukaminos ‘mulberry tree’ from Hebrew šikmɑˉh ‘sycamore’, assimilated to Greek sukon ‘fig’]

sycamore /ˈsikəmɔ:/ n.  1 (in full 全称 sycamore maple)  a  a large maple, Acer pseudoplatanus, with winged seeds, grown for its shade and timber 西克莫槭，假挪威槭(一种大槭树，种子有翅，作为遮阴树木和取其木材)b  its wood 西克莫槭树木材 2 N. Amer.  the plane tree or its wood [北美]悬铃木或其木材 3 Bibl.  a fig tree, Ficus sycomorus, growing in Egypt, Syria, etc. 【圣经】桑叶无花果树(生长于埃及、叙利亚等地) [variant of SYCOMORE]

syce /sais/ n. (also 亦作 sice) (esp. in India) a groom (尤印度)马夫，马倌 [Hindustani from Arabic sɑˉ'is, sɑˉyis]

sycomore /ˈsikəmɔ:/ n.  = SYCAMORE 3  [Middle English via Old French sic(h)amor and Latin sycomorus from Greek sukomoros, from sukon ‘fig’ + moron ‘mulberry’]

syconium /saiˈkəʊniəm/ n. (pl. syconia /-niə/) Bot.  a fleshy hollow receptacle developing into a multiple fruit, as in the fig 【植】隐头花序(无花果树等上的肉质聚合果，即在一个肉质中空的花托内生长出多个果实) [modern Latin, from Greek sukon ‘fig’]

sycophant /ˈsikəfænt/ n.  a servile flatterer; a toady 谄媚者，拍马屁者 □ sycophancy  n.  □ sycophantic  /-ˈfæntik/ adj.  □ sycophantically  /-ˈfæntik(ə)li/ adv.   [French sycophante or Latin sycophanta from Greek sukophantēs ‘informer’, from sukon ‘fig’ + phainō ‘show’: the reason for the name is uncertain, and association with informing against the illegal exportation of figs from ancient Athens (recorded by Plutarch) cannot be substantiated]

sycosis /saiˈkəʊsis/ n.  a skin disease of the bearded part of the face with inflammation of the hair follicles 须疮(一种皮肤病，在面部有须部位出现毛囊炎症) [originally of a figlike ulcer: modern Latin from Greek sukōsis, from sukon ‘fig’]

Sydenham's chorea /ˈsid(ə)nəmz/ n.  chorea esp. in children as one of the manifestations of rheumatic fever also called 亦称作 ST VITUS'S DANCE (尤见于儿童在感染风湿热后发生的)西德纳姆氏舞蹈症 [named after T. Sydenham, English physician d. 1689]

Sydney /ˈsidni/ n.  悉尼 [澳大利亚港市]

syenite /ˈsaiənait/ n.  a grey crystalline rock of feldspar and hornblende with or without quartz 正长岩(主要由长石和角闪石构成的灰色晶状岩石，有些含有石英) □ syenitic  /-ˈnitik/ adj.   [French syénite from Latin Syenites (lapis) ‘ (stone) of Syene’ (from Greek Suēnē ‘Aswan’), a town in Egypt]

syl- /sil/ prefix  assim. form of SYN- before l (用于字母 l 前) SYN- 的同化形式

syllabary /ˈsiləb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a list of characters representing syllables and (in some languages or stages of writing) serving the purpose of an alphabet 音节表，字音表 [modern Latin syllabarium (as SYLLABLE)]

syllabi pl.  of SYLLABUS  

syllabic /siˈlæbik/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or based on syllables 音节的；与音节相关的；基于音节的 2 Prosody  based on the number of syllables 【诗体】音节节律的 3 (of a symbol) representing a whole syllable (符号)表示一个音节的 4  articulated in syllables 按音节发音的 □ syllabically  adv.  □ syllabicity  /-ˈbisiti/ n.   [French syllabique or Late Latin syllabicus from Greek sullabikos (as SYLLABLE)]

syllabication /siˌlæbiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 syllabification /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/)  division into or articulation by syllables 音节划分；按音节发音 □ syllabify  /siˈlæbifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)   [medieval Latin syllabicatio from syllabicare, from Latin syllaba: see SYLLABLE]

syllabize /ˈsiləbaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  divide into or articulate by syllables 使划分音节；按音节发…的音 [medieval Latin syllabizare from Greek sullabizō (as SYLLABLE)]

syllable /ˈsiləb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a unit of pronunciation uttered without interruption, forming the whole or a part of a word and usu. having one vowel sound often with a consonant or consonants before or after: there are two syllables in water and three in inferno 音节(一个不间断的发音单位，通常由一个元音加上一个或数个位于其前后的辅音组成：如 water 有 2 个音节， inferno 有 3 个音节) 2  a character or characters representing a syllable 音节符号 3 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  the least amount of speech or writing (说话或写作的)只言片语  did not utter a syllable  一言不发 ●v. tr.  pronounce by syllables; articulate distinctly 按音节发音；清晰地发音 □ in words of one syllable   expressed plainly or bluntly 浅显明了地□ syllabled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Anglo-French sillable, Old French sillabe and Latin syllaba from Greek sullabē (as SYN-, lambanō ‘take’)]

syllabub /ˈsiləbʌb/ n. (also 亦作 sillabub)  a dessert made of cream or milk flavoured, sweetened, and whipped to thicken it 乳酒冻(一种将加调料的甜奶油或牛奶用力搅拌成粘稠状制成的甜点) [16th c.: origin unknown]

syllabus /ˈsiləbəs/ n. (pl. syllabuses or syllabi /-bai/)  1  a  the programme or outline of a course of study, teaching, etc. 课程大纲；教学大纲(或讲授提纲等)b  a statement of the requirements for a particular examination 考试要求说明 2 RC Ch.  a summary of points decided by papal decree regarding heretical doctrines or practices 【天主教】(天主教会用教令宣布的有关教义或行为的)事项举要 [modern Latin, originally a misreading of Latin sittybas, accusative pl. of sittyba, from Greek sittuba ‘title-slip, label’]

syllepsis /siˈlepsis/ n. (pl. syllepses /-si:z/)  a figure of speech in which a word is applied to two others in different senses (e.g. 例如 : caught the train and a bad cold 赶上了火车也患上了重感冒) or to two others of which it grammatically suits one only (语法上的)兼用法 (e.g. 例如 : neither they nor it is working 他们和它都停止了工作) (cf. 参见 ZEUGMA) 一笔双叙法(一种修辞方法，将一个词用于两个不同意义的词) □ sylleptic  adj.  □ sylleptically  adv.   [Late Latin from Greek sullēpsis ‘taking together’, from sullambanō: see SYLLABLE]

syllogism /ˈsilədʒiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions (premisses): a common or middle term is present in the two premisses but not in the conclusion, which may be invalid (e.g. 例如 : all trains are long 所有的火车都很长 ; some buses are long 有些公共汽车很长 ; therefore some buses are trains 因此一些公共汽车是火车 : the common term is long 这几个句子中的共有词是 long) 三段论(即从两个已知或推测出的前提条件得出结论的推理方法：一个共有或中间的词在两个前提中被使用，但不带到结论中去，因为这可能导致结论无效) 2  deductive reasoning as distinct from induction (区别于归纳法的)推论法，演绎法 □ syllogistic  /-ˈdʒistik/ adj.  □ syllogistically  /-ˈdʒistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Old French silogisme or Latin syllogismus from Greek sullogismos, from sullogizomai (as SYN-, logizomai ‘to reason’ from logos ‘reason’)]

syllogize /ˈsilədʒaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  use syllogisms 用三段论推理 2 tr.  put (facts or an argument) in the form of syllogism 将(事实或论据)用三段论推理 [Middle English via Old French sillogiser or Late Latin syllogizare from Greek sullogizomai (as SYLLOGISM)]

sylph /silf/ n.  1  an elemental spirit of the air 气精(生活于空气中的精灵) 2  a slender graceful woman or girl 苗条优雅的女子，窈窕淑女 3  any hummingbird of the genus Aglaiocercus with a long forked tail 长叉尾蜂鸟(丽尾蜂鸟中有长叉状尾的任意一种) □ sylphlike  adj.   [coined by Paracelsus from modern Latin sylphes, German Sylphen (pl.), perhaps based on Latin sylvestris ‘of the woods’ + nympha ‘nymph’]

sylva /ˈsilvə/ n. (also 亦作 silva) (pl. sylvae /-vi:/ or sylvas)  1  the trees of a region, epoch, or environment (一个地区、时代或自然环境中的)林木，森林 2  a treatise on or a list of such trees (一个地区、时代或自然环境中的)林木志 [Latin silva ‘a wood’]

sylvan /ˈsilv(ə)n/ adj. (also 亦作 silvan) esp. poet. [尤诗]  1  a  of the woods 树林的，森林的b  having woods; wooded 有树林的；多林木的 2  rural 乡村的 [French sylvain (obsolete silvain) or Latin Silvanus ‘woodland deity’, from silva ‘a wood’]

Sylvia /ˈsilviə/   西尔维亚 [人名]

sylviculture var.  of SILVICULTURE  SILVICULTURE 的变体

Sylvie /ˈsilvi/   西尔维 [人名]

sym- /sim/ prefix  assim. form of SYN- before b, m, p. (用于字母 b 、 m 、 p 前) SYN- 的同化形式

symbiont /ˈsimbiɒnt, -bai-/ n.  an organism living in symbiosis 共栖生物，共生体(一种生活在共生状态下的有机物) [Greek sumbiōn -ountos, part. of sumbioō ‘live together’ (as SYMBIOSIS)]

symbiosis /simbiˈəʊsis, -bai-/ n. (pl. symbioses /-si:z/)  1  a  an interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, usu. to the advantage of both (cf. 参见 ANTIBIOSIS) 共生(两种有机物密切结合在一起生活，通常对双方都有益)b  an instance of this 共生现象 2  a  a mutually advantageous association or relationship between persons (人与人之间的)互利关系b  an instance of this (人与人之间的)互利 □ symbiotic  /-ˈɒtik/ adj.  □ symbiotically  /-ˈɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [modern Latin from Greek sumbiōsis ‘a living together’, from sumbioō ‘live together’, sumbios ‘companion’ (as SYN-, bios ‘life’)]

symbol /ˈsimb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing conventionally regarded as typifying, representing, or recalling something, esp. an idea or quality (white is a symbol of purity 白色是纯洁的象征) (尤指表示某种思想或性质的)象征，标志 2  a mark or character taken as the conventional sign of some object, idea, function, or process, e.g. the letters standing for the chemical elements or the characters in musical notation 符号，记号(如化学元素符号或乐谱音符) ●v. tr. (symbolled, symbolling; US [美] symboled, symboling)  symbolize 作为…的象征 □ symbology  /-ˈbɒlədʒi/ n.   [Middle English via Latin symbolum from Greek sumbolon ‘mark, token’ (as SYN-, ballō ‘throw’)]

symbolic /simˈbɒlik/ adj. (also 亦作 symbolical /-ˈbɒlik(ə)l/)  1  of or serving as a symbol 象征的，作为象征的；符号的，作为符号的 2  involving the use of symbols or symbolism 象征主义的，使用象征手法的 □ symbolically  adv.   [French symbolique or Late Latin symbolicus from Greek sumbolikos]

symbolic logic n.  the use of symbols to denote propositions etc. in order to assist reasoning 符号逻辑(使用符号代表命题等，用以帮助推理)

symbolism /ˈsimbəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  a  the use of symbols to represent ideas 符号的运用；象征的使用b  symbols collectively (总称)符号；象征 2  an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbols and indirect suggestion to express ideas, emotions, etc. (文学艺术及诗歌中用于表达思想感情等的)象征主义，象征主义手法 □ symbolist  n.  □ symbolistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

symbolize /ˈsimbəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  be a symbol of 作为…的象征，象征着 2  represent by means of symbols 用符号表示 □ symbolization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French symboliser from symbole SYMBOL]

symmetry /ˈsimitri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  correct proportion of the parts of a thing; balance, harmony 对称b  beauty resulting from this 对称美 2  a  a structure that allows an object to be divided into parts of an equal shape and size and similar position to the point or line or plane of division 对称结构b  the possession of such a structure 对称性c  approximation to such a structure 近似对称结构 3  the repetition of exactly similar parts facing each other or a centre 匀称 4 Bot.  the possession by a flower of sepals and petals and stamens and pistils in the same number or multiples of the same number 【植】(花萼、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊数量的)对称 □ symmetric  /siˈmetrik/ adj.  □ symmetrical  /-ˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ symmetrically  /-ˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ symmetrize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [obsolete French symmétrie or Latin summetria from Greek (as SYN-, metron ‘measure’)]

sympathectomy /simpəˈθektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a sympathetic ganglion etc. 交感神经切除手术，交感神经阻断术

sympathetic /simpəˈθetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, showing, or expressing sympathy 同情的，表示同情的 2  due to sympathy 出于同情的 3  likeable or capable of evoking sympathy 可怜的；令人同情的 4 (of a person) friendly and cooperative (人)友好合作的 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  inclined to favour (a proposal etc.) 赞同的，支持的  was most sympathetic to the idea  非常赞同这个想法 6 (of a landscape etc.) that touches the feelings by association etc. (景色等)令人触景生情的 7 (of a pain etc.) caused by a pain or injury to someone else or in another part of the body (疼痛等)感应的，交感性的 8 (of a sound, resonance, or string) sounding by a vibration communicated from another vibrating object (声音、回声或弦)共振的，共鸣的 9  a  designating the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from ganglia near the middle part of the spinal cord that supply the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balance the action of the parasympathetic nerves 交感神经系统的b (of a nerve or ganglion) belonging to this system (神经或神经节)属于交感神经系统的 ●n.  1  a sympathetic nerve 交感神经 2  the sympathetic system 交感神经系统 □ sympathetically  adv.   [SYMPATHY, on the pattern of pathetic]

sympathetic magic n.  a type of magic that seeks to achieve an effect by performing an associated action or using an associated thing 感应巫术(一种魔术，通过表演相关的动作或使用相关的东西来达到某种效果)

sympathize /ˈsimpəθaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  feel or express sympathy; share a feeling or opinion 同情；对…有同感 2  agree with a sentiment or opinion 赞同(某种情绪或观点) □ sympathizer  n.   [French sympathiser (as SYMPATHY)]

sympathy /ˈsimpəθi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the state of being simultaneously affected with a feeling similar to that of another person 同感，投契b  the capacity for this 具有同感的能力 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  a  the act of or capacity for sharing in an emotion, sensation, or condition of another person or thing 同情，体谅b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  compassion or commiseration; condolences 怜悯；吊唁，吊慰 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a favourable attitude; approval 赞同；支持 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数 ; often foll. by 常后跟 with)  agreement (with a person etc.) in opinion or desire 同意(某人等的观点或愿望) 5 (作 attrib.)  in support of another cause 声援  sympathy strike  声援罢工 □ in sympathy  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  having or showing or resulting from sympathy (with another) 同情(某人)；(对某人)表示同情；出于(对某人)的同情 2  by way of sympathetic action 支持，声援  working to rule in sympathy  用怠工行动表示声援 [Latin sympathia from Greek sumpatheia (as SYN-, pathēs from pathos ‘feeling’)]

sympatric /simˈpætrik/ adj. Biol.  occurring within the same geographical area (cf. 参见 ALLOPATRIC) 【生】同域的 [SYM- + Greek patra ‘fatherland’ + -IC]

sympetalous /simˈpet(ə)ləs/ adj. Bot.  having the petals united 【植】合瓣的

symphonic /simˈfɒnik/ adj. (of music) relating to or having the form or character of a symphony (音乐)交响乐(式)的 □ symphonically  adv.  

symphonic poem n.  an extended orchestral piece, usu. in one movement, on a descriptive or rhapsodic theme 交响诗

symphonist /ˈsimf(ə)nist/ n.  a composer of symphonies 交响乐作曲家

symphony /ˈsimf(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an elaborate composition usu. for full orchestra, and in several movements with one or more in sonata form 交响乐，交响曲 2  an interlude for orchestra alone in a large-scale vocal work (大型声乐作品唱段之间的)过门，间奏 3  = SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA  [Middle English, = harmony of sound, from Old French symphonie via Latin symphonia from Greek sumphōnia (as SYN-, -phōnos from phōnē ‘sound’)]

symphony orchestra n.  a large orchestra suitable for playing symphonies etc. (适合于演奏交响曲等的)交响乐团

symphyllous /simˈfiləs/ adj. Bot.  having the leaves united 【植】联生叶的 [SYN- + Greek phullon ‘leaf’]

symphysis /ˈsimfisis/ n. (pl. symphyses /-si:z/)  1  the process of growing together 拼生 2  a  a union between two bones esp. in the median plane of the body (骨的)联合，愈合b  the place or line of this 联合线，愈合线 □ symphyseal  /-ˈfiziəl/ adj.  □ symphysial  /-ˈfiziəl/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek sumphusis (as SYN-, phusis ‘growth’)]

sympodium /simˈpəʊdiəm/ n. (pl. sympodia /-diə/) Bot.  the apparent main axis or stem of a vine etc., made up of successive secondary axes 【植】合轴 □ sympodial  adj.   [modern Latin (as SYN-, Greek pous podos ‘foot’)]

symposium /simˈpəʊziəm/ n. (pl. symposia /-ziə/ or symposiums)  1  a  a conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject 专题讨论会，专题报告会b  a collection of essays or papers for this purpose 专题论文集 2  a philosophical or other friendly discussion 充满哲理(或友好)的讨论 3  a drinking party, esp. of the ancient Greeks with conversation etc. after a banquet (尤指古希腊人宴后的)交际酒会 [Latin from Greek sumposion in sense 3 (as SYN-, -potēs ‘drinker’)]

symptom /ˈsim(p)təm/ n.  1 Med.  a change in the physical or mental condition of a person, regarded as evidence of a disease (cf. 参见 SIGN n. 5) 【医】(疾病的)症状，症候 2  a sign of the existence of something (某物存在的)征兆，征候 □ symptomless  adj.   [Middle English synthoma via medieval Latin sinthoma and Late Latin symptoma from Greek sumptōma -atos ‘chance, symptom’, from sumpiptō ‘happen’ (as SYN-, piptō ‘fall’)]

symptomatic /sim(p)təˈmætik/ adj.  serving as a symptom 症状的；征候的 □ symptomatically  adv.  

symptomatology /sim(p)təməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the branch of medicine concerned with the study and interpretation of symptoms 症状学；征候学

syn- /sin/ prefix  with, together, alike 与，共，同 [from or suggested by Greek sun- from sun ‘with’]

synaeresis /siˈniərisis/ n. (US [美] syneresis) (pl. synaereses /-si:z/)  the contraction of two vowels into a diphthong or single vowel 二元音融合；二元音缩合 [Late Latin from Greek sunairesis (as SYN-, hairesis from haireō ‘take’)]

synaesthesia /sinisˈθi:ziə/ n. (US [美] synesthesia)  1 Psychol.  the production of a mental sense-impression relating to one sense by the stimulation of another sense 【心】伴生感觉，牵连感觉 2  a sensation produced in a part of the body by stimulation of another part 联觉 □ synaesthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [modern Latin from SYN-, on the pattern of anaesthesia]

synagogue /ˈsinəɡɒɡ/ n.  1  the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious observance and instruction 犹太会堂 2  the assembly itself 犹太教徒的集会 □ synagogal  /-ˈɡɒɡ(ə)l/ adj.  □ synagogical  /-ˈɡɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French sinagoge and Late Latin synagoga from Greek sunagōgē ‘meeting’ (as SYN-, agō ‘bring’)]

synallagmatic /sinəlæɡˈmætik/ adj. (of a treaty or contract) imposing reciprocal obligations (条约或合同)对双方都具有约束力的 [SYN- + Greek allassō ‘exchange’]

synapse /ˈsainæps, ˈsin-/ n. Anat.  a junction of two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter 【解】(神经元的)突触 [Greek synapsis (as SYN-, hapsis from haptō ‘to join’)]

synapsis /siˈnæpsis/ n. (pl. synapses /-si:z/)  1 Anat. 【解】  = SYNAPSE  2 Biol.  the fusion of chromosome-pairs at the start of meiosis 【生】(染色体的)接合，联合 □ synaptic  /-ˈnæptik/ adj.  □ synaptically  /-ˈnæptik(ə)li/ adv.  

synarthrosis /sinɑ:ˈθrəʊsis/ n. (pl. synarthroses /-si:z/) Anat.  an immovably fixed bone-joint, e.g. the sutures of the skull 【解】不动关节(如头颅的缝线) [SYN- + Greek arthrōsis ‘jointing’ from arthron ‘joint’]

sync /siŋk/ n. & v. (also 亦作 synch) colloq. [口] ●n.  synchronization 同时性 ●v. tr. & intr.  synchronize (使)同时发生 □ in (or out of) sync  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  according or agreeing well (or badly) 同步的，协调的；不同步的，不协调的 [abbreviation]

syncarp /ˈsinkɑ:p/ n.  a compound fruit from a flower with several carpels, e.g. a blackberry 合心皮果，聚花果(如黑莓) [SYN- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

syncarpous /sinˈkɑ:pəs/ adj. (of a flower or fruit) having the carpels united (opp. 反义 APOCARPOUS) (花或果实)合心皮的 [SYN- + Greek karpos ‘fruit’]

synch var.  of SYNC  SYNC 的变体

synchondrosis /siŋkɒnˈdrəʊsis/ n. (pl. synchondroses /-si:z/) Anat.  an almost immovable bone-joint bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the spinal vertebrae 【解】软骨结合 [SYN- + Greek khondros ‘cartilage’]

synchro- /ˈsiŋkrəʊ/ comb. form  synchronized, synchronous [构词成分]同步的；同时的

synchrocyclotron /siŋkrəʊˈsaiklətrɒn/ n. Physics  a cyclotron able to achieve higher energies by decreasing the frequency of the accelerating electric field as the particles increase in energy and mass 【物理学】同步回旋加速器

synchromesh /ˈsiŋkrəmeʃ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a system of gear-changing, esp. in motor vehicles, in which the driving and driven gearwheels are made to revolve at the same speed during engagement by means of a set of friction clutches, thereby easing the change (尤指机动车辆中的)同步齿轮系 ●adj.  relating to or using this system 同步啮合的 [abbreviation of synchronized mesh]

synchronic /siŋˈkrɒnik/ adj.  describing a subject (esp. a language) as it exists at one point in time (opp. 反义 DIACHRONIC) (尤指语言)共时的 □ synchronically  adv.   [Late Latin synchronus: see SYNCHRONOUS]

synchronicity /siŋkrəˈnisiti/ n.  1  the simultaneous occurrence of events which appear significantly related but have no discernible connection (看似紧密相关其实无联系的事件的)同时发生 2  = SYNCHRONY 1 

synchronism /ˈsiŋkrəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  = SYNCHRONY  2  the process of synchronizing sound and picture in cinematography, television, etc. (影视制作等中的)声画同步，声像同步 □ synchronistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  □ synchronistically  /-ˈnistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek sugkhronismos (as SYNCHRONOUS)]

synchronize /ˈsiŋkrənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  a tr.  cause to occur at the same time 使同时发生b intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  occur at the same time; be simultaneous 同时发生；同步 2 tr. disp.  coordinate, combine [异议]配合；结合 3 tr.  carry out the synchronism of (a film) 使(电影)声画同步 4 tr.  ascertain or set forth the correspondence in the date of (events) 并列对照(事件) 5  a tr.  cause (clocks etc.) to show a standard or uniform time 使(钟表等)显示同一时间；校准(钟表等)b intr. (of clocks etc.) be synchronized (钟表等)显示同一时间 6 intr.  operate in unison 步调一致 □ synchronization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ synchronizer  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 The use of synchronize to mean ‘coordinate’ or ‘combine’ (see sense 2 above), as in We must synchronize our efforts, is considered incorrect by some people and should be avoided in standard English. 有些人认为，用 synchronize 表示“配合，结合”(见上释义 2) (如 We must synchronize our efforts 我们必须协同努力)是不正确的，在标准英语中应避免使用。 

synchronized swimming n.  a form of swimming in which participants make coordinated leg and arm movements in time to music 花样游泳(由数名泳者按音乐节拍用腿和手臂进行同步表演的游泳形式)

synchronous /ˈsiŋkrənəs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  existing or occurring at the same time 同时存在的；同时发生的；同时的；同步的 □ synchronously  adv.   [Late Latin synchronus from Greek sugkhronos (as SYN-, khronos ‘time’)]

synchronous motor n. Electr.  a motor having a speed exactly proportional to the current frequency 【电】同步电动机

synchrony /ˈsiŋkrəni/ n.  1  the state of being synchronic or synchronous 共时(性)；同步(性)；同时(性) 2  the treatment of events etc. as being synchronous (事件等的)并列对照 [Greek sugkhronos: see SYNCHRONOUS]

synchrotron /ˈsiŋkrətrɒn/ n. Physics  a cyclotron in which the magnetic field strength increases with the energy of the particles to keep their orbital radius constant 【物理学】同步加速器 [SYNCHRO- + -TRON]

synchrotron radiation n. Physics  polarized radiation emitted by a charged particle spinning in a magnetic field 【物理学】同步辐射

syncline /ˈsiŋklain/ n.  a rock-bed forming a trough 向斜(成层岩石相向倾斜而构成的槽状构造) □ synclinal  /-ˈklain(ə)l/ adj.   [synclinal (as SYN-, Greek klinō ‘to lean’)]

syncopate /ˈsiŋkəpeit/ v. tr.  1 Mus.  displace the beats or accents in (a passage) so that strong beats become weak and vice versa 【音】切分 2  shorten (a word) by dropping interior sounds or letters, as symbology for symbolology, Gloster for Gloucester 词中省略，中略(即单词中间省略音节或字母，如 symbolology 省略为 symbology ， Gloucester 省略为 Gloster) □ syncopation  /-ˈpeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ syncopator  n.   [Late Latin syncopare ‘swoon’ (as SYNCOPE)]

syncope /ˈsiŋkəpi/ n.  1 Gram.  the omission of interior sounds or letters in a word (see 见 SYNCOPATE 2) 【语法】词中省略，中略 2 Med.  a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure 【医】晕厥 □ syncopal  adj.   [Middle English via Late Latin syncopē from Greek sugkopē (as SYN-, koptō ‘strike, cut off’)]

syncretism /ˈsiŋkritiz(ə)m/ n.  1 Philos. & Theol.  the process or an instance of syncretizing (see 见 SYNCRETIZE) 【哲】【神】不同学派合并 2 Philol.  the merging of different inflectional varieties in the development of a language 【语文】(语言发展中不同变化形式的)合并，辑合 □ syncretic  /-ˈkretik/ adj.  □ syncretist  n.  □ syncretistic  /-ˈtistik/ adj.   [modern Latin syncretismus from Greek sugkrētismos, from sugkrētizō (of two parties) ‘combine against a third’ (as SYN-, krēs ‘Cretan’, originally of ancient Cretan communities)]

syncretize /ˈsiŋkritaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Philos. & Theol.  attempt, esp. inconsistently, to unify or reconcile differing schools of thought 【哲】【神】(对不同学派的)合并，调和

syncytium /sinˈsitiəm/ n. (pl. syncytia /-tiə/) Biol.  a mass of cytoplasm with several nuclei, not divided into separate cells 【生】合胞体，多核体 □ syncytial  adj.   [formed as SYN- + -CYTE + -IUM]

syndactyl /sinˈdæktil, -ail/ adj. (of an animal) having digits united as in webbed feet etc. (动物)并趾的；并指的 □ syndactylism  n.  □ syndactylous  adj.  

syndesis /ˈsindisis/ n. (pl. syndeses /-si:z/) Biol. 【生】  = SYNAPSIS 2  [modern Latin from Greek, from sundeō ‘bind together’]

syndesmosis /sindezˈməʊsis/ n.  the union and articulation of bones by means of ligaments 韧带联合 [modern Latin, from Greek sundesmos ‘binding, fastening’ + -OSIS]

syndetic /sinˈdetik/ adj. Gram.  of or using conjunctions 【语法】用连接词的；连接的 [Greek sundetikos (as SYNDESIS)]

syndic /ˈsindik/ n.  1  a government official in various countries 地方行政官员 2 (in the UK) a business agent of certain universities and corporations, esp. (at Cambridge University) a member of a committee of the senate (英国) (某些公司理事会)理事，董事； (某些大学尤指剑桥大学评议会的)委员 □ syndical  adj.   [French via Late Latin syndicus from Greek sundikos (as SYN-, -dikos from dikē ‘justice’)]

syndicalism /ˈsindik(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. hist.  a movement for transferring the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution to workers' unions [史义]工团主义(运动) □ syndicalist  n.   [French syndicalisme from syndical (as SYNDIC)]

syndicate n. & v. ●n. /ˈsindikət/  1  a combination of individuals or commercial firms to promote some common interest 辛迪加，企业联合组织 2  an association or agency supplying material simultaneously to a number of newspapers or periodicals 报业辛迪加(向报纸或期刊出售稿件供同时发表的组织或代理机构) 3  a group of people who combine to buy or rent property, gamble, organize crime, etc. (合伙购买或租赁不动产、赌博、组织犯罪的)私人集团 4  a committee of syndics 理事会；董事会 ●v. tr. /ˈsindikeit/  1  form into a syndicate 组成企业联合 2  publish (material) through a syndicate (通过报业辛迪加在报刊上)发表(稿件) □ syndication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French syndicat via medieval Latin syndicatus from Late Latin syndicus: see SYNDIC]

syndrome /ˈsindrəʊm/ n.  1  a group of concurrent symptoms of a disease 综合症状，综合征 2  a characteristic combination of opinions, emotions, behaviour, etc. (标明看法、情绪，行为等的)一组特征 □ syndromic  /-ˈdrɒmik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek sundromē (as SYN-, dromē from dramein ‘to run’)]

syne /sain/ adv., conj. & prep. Sc.  since [苏格兰]自从 [contraction from Middle English sithen SINCE]

synecdoche /siˈnekdəki/ n.  a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa (e.g. 如 new faces at the meeting 会议上的新面孔 ; England lost by six wickets 英格兰板球队以 6 板失利) (修辞中的)举隅法，提喻法(以局部表示整体或以整体表示局部的修辞手段) □ synecdochic  /-ˈdɒkik/ adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek sunekdokhē (as SYN-, ekdokhē from ekdekhomai ‘take up’)]

synecious US var.  of SYNOECIOUS [美] SYNOECIOUS 的变体

synecology /siniˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the ecological study of plant or animal communities 群体生态学(研究植物或动物生存环境的生态学) □ synecological  /-ˌi:kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, -ˌek-/ adj.  □ synecologist  n.  

syneresis US var.  of SYNAERESIS [美] SYNAERESIS 的变体

synergist /ˈsinədʒist/ n.  a medicine or a bodily organ (e.g. a muscle) that cooperates with another or others 增效剂，协作剂；协同器官(如协作肌)

synergy /ˈsinədʒi/ n. (also 亦作 synergism /ˈsinədʒiz(ə)m/)  1  the interaction or cooperation of two or more drugs, agents, organizations, etc., to produce a new or enhanced effect compared to their separate effects (两种或两种以上药物、制剂或组织共同作用时其效果大于各单独作用之和的)协同作用，增效作用 2  an instance of this (协同作用产生的)增效 □ synergetic  /-ˈdʒetik/ adj.  □ synergic  /-ˈnɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ synergistic  /-ˈdʒistik/ adj.  □ synergistically  /-ˈdʒistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek sunergos ‘working together’ (as SYN-, ergon ‘work’)]

synesthesia US var.  of SYNAESTHESIA [美] SYNAESTHESIA 的变体

syngamy /ˈsiŋɡəmi/ n. Biol.  the fusion of gametes or nuclei in reproduction 【生】有性生殖，配子配合 □ syngamous  adj.   [SYN- + Greek gamos ‘marriage’]

syngenesis /sinˈdʒenisis/ n.  sexual reproduction from combined male and female elements 有性生殖

synod /ˈsinəd, -ɒd/ n.  1  a Church council attended by delegated clergy and sometimes laity (see also 另见 GENERAL SYNOD) 宗教会议，教会会议 2  a Presbyterian ecclesiastical court above the presbyteries and subject to the General Assembly (基督教长老会介于最高立法机构和教务评议会之间的)教会法院 3  any meeting for debate 讨论会，辩论会 [Middle English via Late Latin synodus from Greek sunodos ‘meeting’ (as SYN-, hodos ‘way’)]

synodic /siˈnɒdik/ adj. Astron.  relating to or involving the conjunction of stars, planets, etc. 【天】(恒星、行星等)会合的 [Late Latin synodicus from Greek sunodikos (as SYNOD)]

synodical /siˈnɒdik(ə)l/ adj.  1 (also 亦作 synodal /ˈsinəd(ə)l/)  of, relating to, or constituted as a synod 教会会议的；讨论会的，辩论会的 2  = SYNODIC 

synodic period n.  the time between the successive conjunctions of a planet with the sun 会合周期(一颗行星与太阳相继发生两次会合之间的时间)

synoecious /siˈni:ʃəs/ adj. (US [美] synecious) Bot.  having male and female organs in the same flower or receptacle 【植】雌雄同株的 [SYN-, on the pattern of dioecious etc.]

synonym /ˈsinənim/ n.  1  a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another in the same language (e.g. 如 shut and close) (同一种语言中意义完全一样或相近的)同义词，同义语 2  a word denoting the same thing as another but suitable to a different context (e.g. 如 serpent for snake, Hellene for Greek) or containing a different emphasis (e.g. 如 blindworm for slow-worm) (意义相同但用于不同语境的)同义词；(意义相同但强调的重点不同的)同义词 3  a word equivalent to another in some but not all senses (e.g. 如 ship and vessel) (与另一词部分含义相同但并不是所有意义都相同的)对等词 □ synonymic  /-ˈnimik/ adj.  □ synonymity  /-ˈnimiti/ n.   [Middle English via Latin synonymum from Greek sunōnumon, neut. of sunōnumos (as SYN-, onoma ‘name’): cf. ANONYMOUS]

synonymous /siˈnɒniməs/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  having the same meaning; being a synonym (of) 同义的；同义词的 2 (of a name, idea, etc.) suggestive of or associated with another (名称、观念等)使人联想到另一个名称(或观念等)的  excessive drinking regarded as synonymous with violence  酗酒使人联想到暴力 □ synonymously  adv.  □ synonymousness  n.  

synonymy /siˈnɒnimi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being synonymous 同义 2  the collocation of synonyms for emphasis (e.g. 如 in any shape or form 任何形状) (为加强语气的)同义词并用 3  a  a system or collection of synonyms 同义词汇编b  a treatise on synonyms 有关同义词的论文 [Late Latin synonymia from Greek sunōnumia (as SYNONYM)]

synopsis /siˈnɒpsis/ n. (pl. synopses /-si:z/)  1  a summary or outline 提要，提纲 2  a brief general survey 梗概，概要 □ synopsize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Late Latin from Greek (as SYN-, opsis ‘seeing’)]

synoptic /siˈnɒptik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, forming, or giving a synopsis 提要的，提纲的；梗概的，概要的 2  taking or affording a comprehensive mental view 综观全局的 3  of or relating to the Synoptic Gospels 对观福音书的；与对观福音书相关的 4  giving a general view of weather conditions 天气(图)的 ●n.  1  a Synoptic Gospel 对观福音书 2  the writer of a Synoptic Gospel 对观福音书作者 □ synoptical  adj.  □ synoptically  adv.   [Greek sunoptikos (as SYNOPSIS)]

Synoptic Gospel n.  each of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, describing events from a similar point of view 对观福音书(指《马太福音》、《马可福音》或《路加福音》， 3 人描述事件的观点相似)

synoptist /siˈnɒptist/ n.  the writer of a Synoptic Gospel 对观福音书作者

synostosis /sinɒˈstəʊsis/ n.  the joining of bones by ankylosis etc. 骨性联接，骨质接联 [SYN- + Greek osteon ‘bone’ + -OSIS]

synovial /saiˈnəʊviəl, si-/ adj. Physiol.  denoting or relating to a viscous fluid lubricating joints and tendon sheaths 【生理】滑液的；含有滑液的 [modern Latin synovia, formed probably arbitrarily by Paracelsus]

synovial membrane n.  a dense membrane of connective tissue secreting synovial fluid 滑膜

synovitis /sainə(ʊ)ˈvaitis, sin-/ n.  inflammation of the synovial membrane 滑膜炎

syntactic /sinˈtæktik/ adj.  of or according to syntax 句法的；按照句法的 □ syntactical  adj.  □ syntactically  adv.   [Greek suntaktikos (as SYNTAX)]

syntagma /sinˈtæɡmə/ n. (pl. syntagmas or syntagmata /-mətə/)  1  a word or phrase forming a syntactic unit 语段，结构体，结构段 2  a systematic collection of statements 文章的系统收集；系统陈述 □ syntagmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.  □ syntagmic  adj.   [Late Latin from Greek suntagma (as SYNTAX)]

syntax /ˈsintæks/ n.  1  the grammatical arrangement of words, showing their connection and relation 句法，语法 2  a set of rules for or an analysis of this 句法规则；句法分析 [French syntaxe or Late Latin syntaxis from Greek suntaxis (as SYN-, taxis from tassō ‘arrange’)]

synth /sinθ/ n. colloq. [口]  = SYNTHESIZER 

synthesis /ˈsinθisis/ n. (pl. syntheses /-si:z/)  1  the process or result of building up separate elements, esp. ideas, into a connected whole, esp. into a theory or system 综合，综合过程；综合体(尤指综合不同观念形成的理论或系统) 2  a combination or composition 结合物，综合物 3 Chem.  the artificial production of compounds from their constituents as distinct from extraction from plants etc. 【化】合成，人造 4 Gram. 【语法】  a  the process of making compound and derivative words (合成词或衍生词的)合成，组成b  the tendency in a language to use inflected forms rather than groups of words, prepositions, etc. (语言中相对于使用词组、介词组等表达的)使用词尾变化表达的倾向 5  the joining of divided parts in surgery (外科)接合 □ synthesist  n.   [Latin from Greek sunthesis (as SYN-, THESIS)]

synthesize /ˈsinθisaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 synthetize /-taiz/, -ise)  1  make a synthesis of 合成 2  combine into a coherent whole 综合

synthesizer /ˈsinθisaizə/ n.  an electronic musical instrument, usu. operated by a keyboard, producing a wide variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies 电子音响合成器

synthetic /sinˈθetik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  made by chemical synthesis, esp. to imitate a natural product 合成的，人造的  synthetic rubber  合成橡胶 2 (of emotions etc.) affected, insincere (情感等)矫揉造作的；不真诚的 3 Logic (of a proposition) having truth or falsity determinable by recourse to experience (cf. 参见 ANALYTIC 3) 【逻辑学】(命题)通过经验决定其真实性的 4 Philol.  using inflections rather than separate words; using combinations of simple words or elements in compounded or complex words (cf. 参见 ANALYTICAL 2) 【语文】使用词尾变化来表达的；合成的(使用简单的词或成分组合为合成词或复合词的) ●n. Chem.  a synthetic substance 【化】合成物，合成剂 □ synthetical  adj.  □ synthetically  adv.   [French synthétique or modern Latin syntheticus from Greek sunthetikos, via sunthetos from suntithēmi (as SYN-, tithēmi ‘put’)]

synthetic resin  see 见 RESIN n. 2 

syphilis /ˈsifilis/ n.  a contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochaete Treponema, progressing from infection of the genitals via the skin and mucous membrane to the bones, muscles, and brain 梅毒 □ syphilitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  □ syphilize  /-laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ syphiloid  /-lɔid/ adj.   [modern Latin from the title (Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus) of a Latin poem (1530), from Syphilus, a character in it, the supposed first sufferer from the disease]

syphon /ˈsaif(ə)n/ n. & v. (also 亦作 siphon) ●n.  1  a pipe or tube shaped like an inverted V or U with unequal legs to convey a liquid from a container to a lower level by atmospheric pressure 虹吸管，吸水管 2  = SODA SYPHON  3 (作 siphon) Zool.  a tubular organ in an aquatic animal, esp. a mollusc, through which water is drawn in or expelled 【动】(水生动物尤指软体动物的)吸水管 ●v. tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  1  conduct or flow through a syphon 用虹吸管吸出(或输送) 2  divert or set aside (funds etc.) 转移，撤走(基金等) □ syphonage  n.  □ siphonal  adj. Zool.  【动】水管的，吸管的□ syphonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj. (Zool. 【动】 siphonic)   [French siphon or Latin sipho -onis from Greek siphō ‘pipe’]

Syria   叙利亚

Syriac /ˈsiriæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  the language of ancient Syria, western Aramaic 古叙利亚语 ●adj.  of or relating to this language 古叙利亚语的 [Latin Syriacus from Greek Suriakos, from Suria ‘Syria’]

Syrian /ˈsiriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of the modern state of Syria in the Middle East; a person of Syrian descent 叙利亚人；叙利亚人后裔(叙利亚位于中东) 2  a native or inhabitant of the region of Syria in antiquity or later 古叙利亚人 ●adj.  of or relating to the region or state of Syria 叙利亚的

syringa /siˈriŋɡə/ n.  1  = MOCK ORANGE  2  any plant of the genus Syringa, esp. the lilac 丁香花属植物(尤指紫丁香) [modern Latin, formed as SYRINX (with reference to the use of its stems as pipe-stems)]

syringe /siˈrin(d)ʒ, ˈsi-/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Med. 【医】  a  a tube with a nozzle and piston or bulb for sucking in and ejecting liquid in a fine stream, used in surgery 注射器，注射管，注射筒b (in full 全称 hypodermic syringe)  a similar device with a hollow needle for insertion under the skin 皮下注射器 2  any similar device used in gardening, cooking, etc. (园艺、厨艺等中使用的构造类似于注射器的)喷射器，冲洗器 ●v. tr. (作 syringing)  sluice or spray (the ear, a plant, etc.) with a syringe 用喷射器冲洗器冲洗(耳朵、植物等) [Middle English from medieval Latin syringa (as SYRINX)]

syrinx /ˈsiriŋks/ n. (pl. syrinxes or syringes /siˈrin(d)ʒi:z/)  1  a set of pan pipes 潘神箫，排箫 2 Archaeol.  a narrow gallery cut in rock in an ancient Egyptian tomb 【考古】(古埃及墓中的)狭长石墓廊 3  the lower larynx or song-organ of birds (鸟的)鸣管 □ syringeal  /siˈrin(d)ʒiəl/ adj.   [Latin syrinx -ngis from Greek surigx suriggos ‘pipe, channel’]

Syro- /ˈsairəʊ/ comb. form  Syrian; Syrian and (Syro-Phoenician 叙利亚－腓尼基的) [构词成分]叙利亚(人)的，叙利亚和…的 [Greek Suro- from Suros ‘a Syrian’]

syrphid /ˈsɜ:fid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the dipteran family Syrphidae, which includes the hoverflies 食蚜蝇的 ●n.  a fly of this family 食蚜蝇 [modern Latin Syrphidae from the genus name Syrphis, from Greek surphos ‘gnat’]

syrup /ˈsirəp/ n. (US also [美亦] sirup)  1  a  a thick sweet liquid made by dissolving sugar in boiling water, often used for preserving fruit etc. (将糖化于开水中煮成稠状的)糖浆(常用来保存水果等)b  a similar thick liquid of a specified flavour as a drink, medicine, etc. (做饮料或医药等用的)糖浆剂  rose-hip syrup  蔷薇果糖浆 2  condensed sugar cane juice; part of this remaining uncrystallized at various stages of refining; molasses, treacle (炼制蔗糖过程中得到的)糖汁，糖浆，糖蜜 3  excessive sweetness of style or manner (风格或举止的)过分甜蜜，甜腻 □ syrupy  adj.   [Middle English via Old French sirop or medieval Latin siropus from Arabic šarɑˉb ‘beverage’: cf. 参见 SHERBET, SHRUB2]

SYSOP /ˈsisɒp/ n. Computing  system operator 【计算】系统操作员 [acronym]

syssarcosis /sisɑ:ˈkəʊsis/ n. (pl. syssarcoses /-si:z/) Anat.  a connection between bones formed by intervening muscle 【解】肌性骨联接 [modern Latin from Greek sussarkōsis (as SYN-, sarx, sarkos ‘flesh’)]

systaltic /siˈstæltik/ adj. (esp. of the heart) contracting and dilating rhythmically; pulsatory (cf. 参见 SYSTOLE, DIASTOLE) (尤指心脏)交互收缩与舒张的；搏动的 [Late Latin systalticus from Greek sustaltikos (as SYN-, staltos from stellō ‘put’)]

system /ˈsistəm/ n.  1  a complex whole; a set of connected things or parts; an organized body of material or immaterial things 系统，体系 2  a set of devices (e.g. pulleys) functioning together (由一套部件组成的整体运行的)设备，装置(如滑轮) 3 Physiol.  a  a set of organs in the body with a common structure or function 【生理】(机体内多个器官组成的具有共同结构或功能的)系统，组织  the digestive system  消化系统b  the human or animal body as a whole (人体或动物的)身体，全身 4  a  method; considered principles of procedure or classification 方法，方式；(程序或分类的)原则b  classification 分类(法) 5  orderliness 秩序，条理 6  a  a body of theory or practice relating to or prescribing a particular form of government, religion, etc. (有关某一特殊形式的政府、宗教等的)理论体系，体制b (prec. by 前接 the)  the prevailing political or social order, esp. regarded as oppressive and intransigent (尤指被视为具有压迫性和僵化的)政治制度；社会制度 7  a method of choosing one's procedure in gambling etc. (下赌注等的)选择程序方法 8 Computing  a group of related hardware units or programs or both, esp. when dedicated to a single application 【计算】(尤指为同一应用目的服务的一组)硬件系统；软件系统；硬软件系统 9  one of seven general types of crystal structure 系 (7 种主要晶体结构中的一种) 10  a major group of geological strata (地层的)系  the Devonian system  泥盆系 11 Physics  a group of associated bodies moving under mutual gravitation etc. 【物理学】系(在相互引力等下运行的互相关联的一组物体) 12 Mus.  the braced staves of a score 【音】总乐谱表 □ get a thing out of one's system  colloq.  be rid of a preoccupation or anxiety [口]摆脱成见；摆脱焦虑□ systemless  adj.   [French système or Late Latin systema from Greek sustēma -atos (as SYN-, histēmi ‘set up’)]

systematic /sistəˈmætik/ adj.  1  methodical; done or conceived according to a plan or system 有条理的，有系统的；有条不紊的 2  regular, deliberate 经常的，有规律的；计划周密的  a systematic liar  经常说谎的人 □ systematically  adv.  □ systematism  /ˈsistəmətiz(ə)m/ n.  □ systematist  /ˈsistəmətist/ n.   [French systématique via Late Latin systematicus from late Greek sustēmatikos (as SYSTEM)]

systematics /sistəˈmætiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the study or a system of classification; taxonomy 分类学，分类法；系统学

systematic theology n.  a form of theology in which the aim is to arrange religious truths in a self-consistent whole 系统神学

systematize /ˈsistəmətaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make systematic 使有条理，使有条不紊 2  devise a system for 使系统化，使制度化 □ systematization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ systematizer  n.  

systemic /siˈstemik, -ˈsti:m-/ adj.  1 Physiol. 【生理】  a  of or concerning the whole body, not confined to a particular part 全身的  systemic infection  全身性的感染b (of blood circulation) other than pulmonary (血液循环)与肺部无关的 2 (of an insecticide, fungicide, etc.) entering the plant via the roots or shoots and passing through the tissues (杀虫剂、杀真菌剂等从根部和嫩芽处进入植物然后渗入植物细胞组织内)内吸(性)的 □ systemically  adv.   [formed irregularly from SYSTEM]

systemize /ˈsistəmaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  = SYSTEMATIZE  □ systemization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ systemizer  n.  

system operator n. Computing  a person who manages the operation of an electronic bulletin board Also called 亦称作 SYSOP 【计算】(负责电子公告板操作的)系统操作员

systems analysis n.  the analysis of a complex process or operation in order to improve its efficiency, esp. by applying a computer system (尤指用计算机进行的)系统分析 □ systems analyst  n.  

systems operator n. Computing  a person who controls or monitors the operation of complex esp. electronic systems 【计算】(控制和监视复杂系统尤其是复杂电子系统运行的)系统操作员

systole /ˈsist(ə)li/ n. Physiol.  the contraction of the heart, when blood is pumped into the arteries (cf. 参见 DIASTOLE) 【生理】心脏收缩 □ systolic  /-ˈstɒlik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek sustolē, from sustellō ‘to contract’ (as SYSTALTIC)]

syzygy /ˈsizidʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Astron.  conjunction or opposition, esp. of the moon with the sun 【天】(尤指月球与太阳的位置会合或相反的)朔望 2  a pair of connected or correlated things 相关(或相反)的一对事物 [Late Latin syzygia from Greek suzugia, from suzugos ‘yoked, paired’ (as SYN-, zugon ‘yoke’)]

Sào Tomé and Principe   圣多美和普林西比

São Tomé /ˈsauŋtəˈmei/ n.  圣多美 [圣多美和普林西比民主共和国首都]

Sèvres /ˈseivrə/ n.  fine porcelain, often with elaborate decoration, made at Sèvres in the suburbs of Paris (巴黎郊区塞夫勒生产的)塞夫勒高级瓷器

't pron.  = IT1('tis)  [contraction]

T1 /ti:/ n. (also 亦作 t) (pl. Ts or T's)  1  the twentieth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 20 个字母 2  a T-shaped thing (esp. 尤作 attrib.: T-joint 三通接头) T 字形(物)，丁字形(物) □ to a T   exactly; to a nicety 精确地，毫厘不差地；恰好地

T2 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the isotope tritium 【化】同位素氘 2  tera- 太拉，兆兆，万亿 3  tesla 特斯拉(磁通量密度的国际单位) 4  temperature 温度

t abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 t.)  1  ton(s)  2  tonne(s) 

-t1 /t/ suffix  = -ED2(crept; sent) 

-t2 /t/ suffix  = -EST2(shalt) 

TA abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) Territorial Army 

Ta symb. Chem.  the element tantalum [符]【化】(化学元素)钽

ta /tɑ:/ int. Brit. colloq.  thank you [英口]谢谢 [childish form]

taal /tɑ:l/ n. (prec. by 前接 the) S. Afr.  Afrikaans [南非]塔尔语，南非荷兰语 [Dutch, = language: related to Old English talu TALE]

TAB abbr. [缩略]  1  typhoid-paratyphoid A and B vaccine 伤寒－副伤寒甲－副伤寒乙三联疫苗 2 Austral.  Totalizator Agency Board [澳]赌金计算器代理委员会

tab1 /tæb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a small flap or strip of material attached for grasping, fastening, or hanging up, or for identification (附属在物件上用来抓住、拴系、悬挂或辨认的)拉手；标签；带子b  a similar object as part of a garment etc. (附属在衣服等上的)垂片，饰片；襻 2 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a bill or price [尤北美口]账单，总价  picked up the tab  付款 3 Brit. Mil.  a marking on the collar distinguishing a staff officer [英]【军】参谋军官的领章 4  a  a stage curtain 舞台幕布b  a loop for suspending this (悬挂舞台幕布的)拉环 ●v. tr. (tabbed, tabbing)  provide with a tab or tabs 给…贴标签；给…装饰上环(片等) □ keep tabs (or a tab) on  colloq. [口]  1  keep account of 记…的账 2  have under observation or in check 密切注意…的动态，监视…的一举一动 [Middle English, origin uncertain: perhaps related to TAG1]

tab2 /tæb/ n.  1  = TABULATOR 2  2  = TABULATOR 3  [abbreviation]

tab3 /tæb/ n. slang  a tablet, esp. one containing an illicit drug [俚语](尤指含致幻剂的)药丸  LSD tabs  麦角酸酰二乙胺药丸 [abbreviation]

tabard /ˈtæbəd, -ɑ:d/ n.  1  a herald's official coat emblazoned with the arms of the sovereign (饰有王徽的)传令官制服 2  a woman's or girl's sleeveless jerkin (妇女穿的)无袖外套 3 hist.  a knight's short emblazoned garment worn over armour [史义](骑士穿在盔甲外的)短披风 [Middle English from Old French tabart, of unknown origin]

tabaret /ˈtæbərit/ n.  an upholstery fabric of alternate satin and plain stripes 塔巴勒绸(一种波纹和缎纹相间的装饰绸) [probably from TABBY]

Tabasco /təˈbæskəʊ/ n. propr.  a pungent sauce made from the fruit of Capsicum frutescens [商标]塔巴斯科辣沙司 [Tabasco, a river and state in Mexico]

tabbouleh /təˈbu:lei/ n.  an Arab vegetable salad made with cracked wheat (由碾成碎粒的小麦制作的)阿拉伯蔬菜沙拉 [Arabic tabbūla]

tabby /ˈtæbi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in full 全称 tabby cat)  a  a grey or brownish cat mottled or streaked with dark stripes (带有深色斑纹或斑点的灰色或褐色的)斑猫b  any domestic cat, esp. female 家猫(尤指雌猫) 2  a kind of watered silk 波纹织物；波纹绸 3  a plain weave 平纹；平纹织物 [French tabis (in sense 2) from Arabic al-ˈattabiya, the quarter of Baghdad where tabby was manufactured: connection of other senses uncertain]

tabernacle /ˈtæbənæk(ə)l/ n.  1 hist.  a tent used as a sanctuary for the Ark of the Covenant by the Israelites during the Exodus [史义]帐幕；圣幕(指古犹太人出埃及时途中临时用的圣堂) 2 Eccl.  a canopied niche or receptacle esp. for the Eucharistic elements 【教会】(安置圣徒像等的)圣龛，圣柜 3  a place of worship in nonconformist creeds (英格兰非国教徒的)礼拜堂，会堂，教堂 4 Bibl.  a fixed or movable habitation usu. of light construction 【圣经】(固定的或可移动的临时)住所 5 Naut.  a socket or double post for a hinged mast that can be lowered to pass under low bridges 【海】桅座；夹桅柱 □ tabernacled  adj.   [Middle English from Old French tabernacle or Latin tabernaculum ‘tent’, diminutive of taberna ‘hut’]

tabes /ˈteibi:z/ n. Med. 【医】  1  emaciation 消瘦 2  locomotor ataxy; a form of neurosyphilis 脊髓痨，运动性共济失调 □ tabetic  /təˈbetik/ adj.   [Latin, = wasting away]

tabla /ˈtæblə, ˈtʌblə/ n. (in Indian music) a pair of small drums played with the hands 塔不拉鼓(印度音乐中的一种小手鼓) [Persian and Urdu tablah, Hindustani tablɑˉ, from Arabic tabl ‘drum’]

tablature /ˈtæblətʃə/ n. Mus.  a form of notation in which lines, figures, and letters are used, e.g. to indicate fingering esp. for the guitar or hist. the lute 【音】符号谱(一种使用线条、数字或字母的古记谱法，如吉它或[史义]诗琴的指法运用) [French from Italian tavolatura, from tavolare ‘set to music’]

table /ˈteib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of furniture with a flat top and one or more legs, providing a level surface for eating, writing, or working at, playing games on, etc. 桌子，台子 2  a flat surface serving a specified purpose (作某种用途的)平面；平板  altar table  圣餐台 bird table  鸟食台 3  a  food provided in a household 家中的饭菜，一桌饭菜  keeps a good table  丰衣足食b  a group seated at table for dinner etc. 一桌人(指进餐者等) 4  a  a set of facts or figures systematically displayed, esp. in columns (一览)表，表格；目录  a table of contents  目录b  matter contained in this 表格中之内容c  = MULTIPLICATION TABLE  5  a flat surface for working on or for machinery to operate on 工作台；操作台；手术台 6  a  a slab of wood or stone etc. for bearing an inscription 木匾；石碑；金属牌b  matter inscribed on this 铭文，碑文 7  = TABLELAND  8 Archit. 【建】  a  a flat usu. rectangular vertical surface 上楣(柱)b  a horizontal moulding, esp. a cornice (水平的)花边，线脚，镶板；(尤指)飞檐，檐板 9  a  a flat surface of a gem (宝石顶部的)切平面b  a cut gem with two flat faces 有两个切平面的宝石 10  each half or quarter of a folding board for backgammon (可折叠的)一页棋板 11 (prec. by 前接 the) Bridge  the dummy hand 【桥牌】明手，明家 ●v. tr.  1 Brit.  bring forward for discussion or consideration at a meeting [英]把(议案等)提交讨论(审议) 2 esp. US  postpone consideration of (a matter) [尤美]暂缓审议(议案等)；搁置 3 Naut.  strengthen (a sail) with a wide hem 【海】用宽贴边加固(帆) □ at table   taking a meal at a table 进餐，就餐□ lay on the table   1  submit for discussion 提交讨论 2 esp. US  postpone indefinitely [尤美]将…无限期搁置□ on the table   offered for discussion 公开地；摆在桌面上□ turn the tables  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  reverse one's relations (with), esp. by turning an inferior into a superior position (originally in backgammon) 扭转形势；转败为胜(源于 15 子游戏)□ under the table   1 colloq.  very drunk after a meal or drinking bout [口]烂醉的 2  = under the counter (see 见 COUNTER1) □ tableful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin tabula ‘plank, tablet, list’]

tableau /ˈtæbləʊ/ n. (pl. tableaux /-ləʊz/)  1  a picturesque presentation (动人的)画面，场面；场景 2  = TABLEAU VIVANT  3  a dramatic or effective situation suddenly brought about 戏剧性场面；舞台造型 [French, = picture, diminutive of table: see TABLE]

tableau curtains n. pl. Theatr.  a pair of curtains drawn open by a diagonal cord 【戏】蝴蝶幕(由中间向对角斜拉开的舞台幕布)

tableau vivant /tæbləʊ ˈvi:vɒ˜, 法 tablo vivɑ˜/ n. (pl. tableaux vivants pronunc. same 单复发音同) Theatr.  a silent and motionless group of people arranged to represent a scene 【戏】活人造型(指由活人扮演的静态画面或场面) [French, literally ‘living picture’]

tablecloth /ˈteib(ə)lklɒθ/ n.  a cloth spread over the top of a table, esp. for meals (尤指餐桌的)桌布，台布

table d'hôte /tɑ:b(ə)lˈdəʊt/ n.  a meal consisting of a set menu at a fixed price, esp. in a hotel (cf. 参见 À LA CARTE) (尤指饭店的)定价客饭 [French, = host's table]

table knife n.  a knife for use at meals, esp. in eating a main course (尤指进食主菜时用的)餐刀

table lamp n.  a small usu. decorative lamp designed to stand on a table etc. (指较小的、通常可立放在桌面上的)餐桌灯

tableland /ˈteib(ə)llænd/ n.  an extensive elevated region with a level surface; a plateau 台地，高地

table licence n. Brit.  a licence to serve alcoholic drinks only with meals [英](只准用餐时供应酒的)餐馆卖酒执照

table linen n.  tablecloths, napkins, etc. 餐桌用布(指台布、餐巾、垫布之类)

table manners n. pl.  decorum or correct behaviour while eating at table 餐桌规矩，席间举止

table-mat n.  a mat for protecting a table top from hot dishes etc. (保护桌面免被烫坏的)碗垫；盆垫

table napkin  see 见 NAPKIN 1 

table salt n.  salt that is ground or easy to grind for use at meals (餐桌上用的)精制食盐；佐餐盐

table skittles  see 见 SKITTLE n. 2b 

tablespoon /ˈteib(ə)lspu:n/ n.  1  a large spoon for serving food 大餐匙，大汤匙 2  an amount held by this 一大汤匙的东西 □ tablespoonful  n. (pl. -fuls)  

tablet /ˈtæblit/ n.  1  a small measured and compressed amount of a substance, esp. of a medicine or drug (尤指)药片，片剂 2  a small flat piece of soap etc. (肥皂、糖等的)小块；小片 3  a flat slab of stone or wood, esp. for display or an inscription (尤指供展览或刻写的木、石等材料制成的)碑；牌子；匾额 4 Archit. 【建】  = TABLE 8  5 N. Amer.  a writing pad [北美]书写板；刻写板 [Middle English via Old French tablete from Romanic, diminutive of Latin tabula TABLE]

table talk n.  miscellaneous informal talk at table 餐桌上的闲聊

table tennis n.  an indoor game based on tennis, played with small bats and a ball bounced on a table divided by a net 乒乓球

table top /ˈteib(ə)ltɒp/ n.  1  the top or surface of a table 桌面，台面 2 (作 table-top) (作 attrib.)  that can be placed or used on a table top 桌上用的，台式的；在桌上进行的

table-top sale n.  a sale at which participants sell unwanted possessions from tables 旧物出售(将不想要的东西摆在桌子上出售)

tableware /ˈteib(ə)lwɛə/ n.  dishes, plates, implements, etc., for use at meals 餐具(碟子、盘子及其他用餐器具的总称)

table wine n.  ordinary wine for drinking with a meal 佐餐酒

tablier /ˈtæbliei/ n. hist.  an apron-like part of a woman's dress [史义](女服上的)围裙式装饰 [French]

tabloid /ˈtæblɔid/ n.  1  a newspaper, usu. popular in style with bold headlines and large photographs, having pages half the size of those of the average broadsheet (版面比一般报纸缩小一半、通常冠以醒目标题和大幅图片的)通俗小报 2  anything in a compressed or concentrated form 任何缩小形式的东西，微型的东西 [originally the proprietary name of a medicine sold in tablets]

taboo /təˈbu:/ n., adj. & v. (also 亦作 tabu) ●n. (pl. taboos or tabus)  1  a system or the act of setting a person or thing apart as sacred, prohibited, or accursed 塔布，禁忌(指视为神圣，或被禁止，或遭诅咒而不可逾越) 2  a prohibition or restriction imposed on certain behaviour, word usage, etc., by social custom (社会习俗强加于人们的行为或言语等方面的)忌讳，戒忌 ●adj.  1  avoided or prohibited, esp. by social custom 忌讳的，(尤指)为社会习俗所不容的  taboo words  禁忌词 2  designated as sacred and prohibited (因神圣而)属于禁忌的；禁止进入(或通行)的 ●v. tr. (taboos, tabooed or 或 tabus, tabued)  1  put (a thing, practice, etc.) under taboo 把(某件事情或某种行为等)列为禁忌 2  exclude or prohibit by authority or social influence (利用权威或社会影响力)禁止，抵制 [Tongan tabu]

tabor /ˈteibə/ n. hist.  a small drum, esp. one used to accompany a pipe [史义](尤用于伴奏笛子的)小鼓 [Middle English from Old French tabour, tabur: cf. TABLA, Persian tabīra ‘drum’]

tabouret /ˈtæbəret, -rei/ n. (US [美] taboret)  a low seat usu. without arms or a back (通常没有扶手或靠背的)矮凳 [French, = stool, diminutive of tabour: see TABOR]

tabular /ˈtæbjʊlə/ adj.  1  of or arranged in tables or lists (列成)表格的，表格式的 2  broad and flat like a table 宽阔平坦的；平板状的 3 (of a crystal) having two broad flat faces (晶体)呈平面状的 4  formed in thin plates 薄片状的 □ tabularly  adv.   [Latin tabularis (as TABLE)]

tabula rasa /ˌtæbjʊlə ˈrɑ:zə/ n. (pl. tabulae rasae /ˌtæbjʊli: ˈrɑ:zi:/)  1  a tablet with the writing erased; a clean slate 擦净的书写板，空白的书写板 2  the human mind (esp. at birth) viewed as having no innate ideas (尤指人出生时未受任何外界思想影响的)纯净心灵 [Latin, = scraped tablet]

tabulate /ˈtæbjʊleit/ v. tr.  arrange (figures or facts) in tabular form 列表，排成表格形式 □ tabulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Late Latin tabulare tabulat- from tabula ‘table’]

tabulator /ˈtæbjʊleitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that tabulates 制表者，制表器 2  a device on a typewriter for advancing to a sequence of set positions in tabular work (打字机上为制表用的)跳格键 3 Computing  a machine that produces lists or tables from a data storage medium such as punched cards 【计算】(利用数据储存工具制作表格的)制表机

tabun /ˈtɑ:bʊn/ n.  an organic phosphorus compound used as a nerve gas 塔崩(用作神经性毒气的有机含磷化合物) [German]

tacamahac /ˈtækəməhæk/ n.  1  a resinous gum obtained from certain tropical trees esp. of the genus Calophyllum (一种从某些热带树木中获得的)塔柯胶 2  a  the balsam poplar 胶杨b  the resin of this 胶杨树脂 [obsolete Spanish tacamahaca from Nahuatl tecomahiyac]

tac-au-tac /ˈtækəʊtæk/ n. Fencing  a parry combined with a riposte 【击剑】格挡和回刺 [French: imitative]

tacet /ˈtæsit, ˈtei-/ v. intr. Mus. (as an instruction for a particular voice or instrument) be silent 【音】(指示乐音或乐器)休止；静默 [Latin, = is silent]

tach /tæk/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = TACHOMETER  [abbreviation]

tache var.  of TASH  TASH 的变体

tachism /ˈtæʃiz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 tachisme)  a form of action painting with dabs of colour arranged randomly with the aim of evoking a subconscious feeling 泼色画法(意在激发潜意识情感的随意泼色画法) [French tachisme from tache ‘a stain’]

tachistoscope /tæˈkistəskəʊp/ n.  an instrument for very brief measured exposure of objects to the eye 视速仪，视觉记忆测试镜 □ tachistoscopic  /-ˈskɒpik/ adj.   [Greek takhistos ‘swiftest’ + -SCOPE]

tacho /ˈtækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  = TACHOMETER  2  = TACHOGRAPH  [abbreviation]

tacho- /ˈtækəʊ/ comb. form  speed [构词成分]速度 [Greek takhos ‘speed’]

tachograph /ˈtækəɡrɑ:f/ n.  a device used esp. in heavy goods vehicles and coaches etc. for automatically recording speed and travel time 速度记录器(主要用来自动记录重型货车速度和运行时间的仪器)

tachometer /tæˈkɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the rate of rotation of a shaft and hence the speed or velocity of a vehicle 转速表；流速计(以车轴转动速率测量车速的仪器)

tachy- /ˈtæki/ comb. form  swift [构词成分]快速 [Greek takhus ‘swift’]

tachycardia /tækiˈkɑ:diə/ n. Med.  an abnormally rapid heart rate 【医】心搏(动)过速 [TACHY- + Greek kardia ‘heart’]

tachygraphy /tæˈkiɡrəfi/ n.  1  stenography, esp. that of the ancient Greeks and Romans (尤指古希腊和古罗马的)速记法 2  the abbreviated medieval writing of Greek and Latin (中世纪希腊文和拉丁文的)缩写体 □ tachygrapher  n.  □ tachygraphic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ tachygraphical  /-ˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  

tachymeter /tæˈkimitə/ n.  1 Surveying  an instrument used to locate points rapidly 【测量学】(快速测定距离、方位等的)速测仪 2  a speed-indicator 转速表

tachyon /ˈtækiɒn/ n. Physics  a hypothetical particle that travels faster than light 【物理学】超光速粒子 [TACHY- + -ON]

tacit /ˈtæsit/ adj.  understood or implied without being stated 缄默的，不发表意见的，不言明的  tacit consent  默许 □ tacitly  adv.   [Latin tacitus ‘silent’ from tacēre ‘be silent’]

taciturn /ˈtæsitɜ:n/ adj.  reserved in speech; saying little; uncommunicative 沉默寡言的，不爱说话的 □ taciturnity  /-ˈtɜ:niti/ n.  □ taciturnly  adv.   [French taciturne or Latin taciturnus (as TACIT)]

tack1 /tæk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small sharp broad-headed nail 大头钉，平头钉 2 N. Amer.  a drawing pin [北美]图钉 3  a long stitch used in fastening fabrics etc. lightly or temporarily together (为定样暂时缝上的)粗缝，假缝 4  a  the direction in which a ship moves as determined by the position of its sails and regarded in terms of the direction of the wind (帆船的)抢风调向  starboard tack  右舷抢风航行b  a temporary change of direction in sailing to take advantage of a side wind etc. (抢风航行中的)暂时换抢 5  a course of action or policy 行动方向；方针；策略  try another tack  试图改变方向；另辟蹊径 6 Naut. 【海】  a  a rope for securing the corner of some sails (帆外侧下角的)系帆索b  the corner to which this is fastened (用系帆索系住的)帆角 7  a sticky condition of varnish etc. (清漆等的)黏着性，黏着力 8 Brit.  an extraneous clause appended to a bill in Parliament [英] (议会提案的)附带条款 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down 等)  fasten with tacks (用大头钉)钉 2 tr.  stitch (pieces of cloth etc.) lightly together 暂时缝上(布块等)，粗缝 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to 或 on)  annex (a thing) 附加；添补 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about)  a  change a ship's course by turning its head to the wind (cf. 参见 WEAR2) 调船头抢风航行b  make a series of tacks 抢风调向 5 intr.  change one's conduct or policy etc. 改变行为(方针或政策等) 6 tr. Brit.  append (a clause) to a bill [英]附加(条款)于议案 □ tacker  n.   [Middle English tak etc., of uncertain origin: cf. Biblical tache ‘clasp, link’ from Old French tache]

tack2 /tæk/ n.  the saddle, bridle, etc., of a horse 马具(马鞍、马笼头等) [shortened from TACKLE]

tack3 /tæk/ n. colloq.  cheap, shoddy, or tasteless material; tat, kitsch [口]破烂东西，粗劣廉价食品，劣作 [back-formation from TACKY2]

tackle /ˈtæk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  equipment for a task or sport (某项任务或体育运动用的)用具；装备  fishing tackle  钓鱼用具 2  a mechanism, esp. of ropes, pulley-blocks, hooks, etc., for lifting weights, managing sails, etc. 滑车(一种由绳索、滑轮、铁钩等组成、用以提升重物、操纵船帆等物的机械装置)  block and tackle  滑轮组，滑车组 3  a windlass with its ropes and hooks 辘轳 4  an act of tackling in football etc. (足球运动中的)阻截铲球 5 Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  a  the position next to the end of the forward line 阻截位置b  the player in this position 阻截队员 ●v. tr.  1  try to deal with (a problem or difficulty) 对付，处理(难题或困难) 2 Sport  grapple with or try to overcome (an opponent) 【运动】抱住并试图摔倒(对手) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, about)  initiate discussion with (a person), esp. with regard to a disputed issue 着手与(某人)讨论或交涉有争论的问题 4  obstruct, intercept, or seize and stop (a player running with the ball) 阻挡或截住(对方带球奔跑的球员) 5  secure by means of tackle 抓住，扭住 □ tackler  n.  □ tackling  n.   [Middle English, probably via Middle Low German takel from taken ‘lay hold of’]

tackle-block n.  a pulley over which a rope runs (绳拉的)滑轮

tackle-fall n.  a rope for applying force to the blocks of a tackle 滑车通索

tack room n.  a room in a riding stable where the saddles, bridles, etc. are kept (存放马鞍、马笼头等的)马具房

tacky1 /ˈtæki/ adj. (tackier, tackiest) (of glue or paint etc.) still slightly sticky after application (胶或漆等)发黏的；有黏着力的 □ tackiness  n.   [TACK1 + -Y1]

tacky2 /ˈtæki/ adj. (tackier, tackiest) esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  1  showing poor taste or style 趣味低下的 2  tatty or seedy 破烂的；褴褛的 □ tackily  adv.  □ tackiness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

taco /ˈtɑ:kəʊ, ˈtækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Mexican dish of meat etc. in a folded or rolled tortilla (一种夹有肉馅等的)墨西哥煎玉米卷 [Mexican Spanish]

tact /tækt/ n.  1  adroitness in dealing with others or with difficulties arising from personal feeling (为人处事中的)乖巧；机智；老练 2  intuitive perception of the right thing to do or say 直觉 [French from Latin tactus ‘touch, sense of touch’, from tangere tact- ‘to touch’]

tactful /ˈtæktfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  having or showing tact 乖巧的；机智的 □ tactfully  adv.  □ tactfulness  n.  

tactic /ˈtæktik/ n.  1  a tactical manoeuvre 战术；策略 2  = TACTICS  [modern Latin tactica from Greek taktikē (tekhnē ‘art’): see TACTICS]

tactical /ˈtæktik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, relating to, or constituting tactics 战术的；策略的  a tactical retreat  战术性撤退 2 (of bombing or weapons) done or for use in immediate support of military or naval operations (opp. 反义 : STRATEGIC 3) (为迅速支持军事行动而进行的)战术上使用的(轰炸或武器) 3  adroitly planning or planned 善于机变的，有策略的，手段高明的 4 (of voting) aimed at preventing the strongest candidate from winning by supporting the next strongest (选举中通过支持第二强候选者以防止最强候选者获胜)巧妙取胜的 □ tactically  adv.   [Greek taktikos (as TACTICS)]

tactics /ˈtæktiks/ n. pl.  1 (also treated as sing. 亦看作单数)  the art of disposing armed forces in order of battle and of organizing operations, esp. during contact with an enemy (cf. 参见 STRATEGY 2b) (战斗行动中、尤指与敌军周旋过程中的)战术 2  a  the plans and means adopted in carrying out a scheme or achieving some end (为实现某一计划或达到某一目的而采用的)策略b  a skilful device or devices 高明手段 □ tactician  /tækˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  战术家；有策略的人，手段高明的人 [modern Latin tactica from Greek taktika, neut. pl. from taktos ‘ordered’, from tassō ‘arrange’]

tactile /ˈtæktail/ adj.  1  of or connected with the sense of touch (有)触觉的 2  perceived by touch 依靠触觉的 3  tangible 能触觉到的；有形的 4 Art (in painting) producing or concerning the effect of three-dimensional solidity 【艺术】(绘画中)具有实体质感的 □ tactual  /ˈtæktjʊəl/ adj. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 、 2)  □ tactility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Latin tactilis from tangere tact- ‘to touch’]

tactless /ˈtæktlis/ adj.  having or showing no tact 不乖巧的；不机智的；笨拙的 □ tactlessly  adv.  □ tactlessness  n.  

tad /tæd/ n. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  a small amount [尤北美口]微量 often used adverbially 常用作副词 : a tad too salty  稍微咸了点 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Tadjik var.  of TAJIK  TAJIK 的变体

tadpole /ˈtædpəʊl/ n.  a larva of an amphibian, esp. a frog, toad, or newt in its aquatic stage and breathing through gills 蝌蚪(尤指青蛙、蟾蜍或蝾螈的幼虫) [Middle English taddepolle (as TOAD, POLL1 from the size of its head)]

taedium vitae /ti:diəm ˈvi:tai, ˈvaiti:/ n.  weariness of life (often as a pathological state, with a tendency to suicide) 厌世，轻生(常指一种自杀倾向的病态) [Latin]

tae kwon do /tai kwɒn ˈdəʊ/ n.  a modern Korean martial art similar to karate 跆拳道(类似于空手道的现代韩国武术) [Korean, = art of hand and foot fighting]

taenia /ˈti:niə/ n. (US [美] tenia) (pl. taeniae /-nii:/ or taenias)  1 Archit.  a fillet between a Doric architrave and frieze 【建】(陶立克式柱顶过梁与雕带间的)束带饰，带形花边 2 Anat.  any flat ribbon-like structure, esp. the muscles of the colon 【解】带状结构(尤指结肠肌) 3  any large tapeworm of the genus Taenia, esp. T. saginata and T. soleum, parasitic in humans 绦虫(尤指人体中的肠寄生虫) 4 Gk Antiq.  a fillet or headband [古希腊]头带，束发带 □ taenioid  adj.   [Latin from Greek tainia ‘ribbon’]

taffeta /ˈtæfitə/ n.  a fine lustrous silk or silklike fabric 塔夫绸；仿塔夫绸衣料 [Middle English from Old French taffetas or medieval Latin taffata, ultimately from Persian tɑˉfta, past part. of tɑˉftan ‘twist’]

taffrail /ˈtæfreil/ n. Naut.  a rail round a ship's stern 【海】(船尾的)栏杆 [earlier tafferel from Dutch taffereel ‘panel’, diminutive of tafel (as TABLE): assimilated to RAIL1]

Taffy /ˈtæfi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. colloq. often offens. [英口] [常冒犯]  a Welshman 威尔士人 [supposed Welsh pronunciation of Davy = David (Welsh Dafydd)]

taffy /ˈtæfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 N. Amer.  a confection like toffee [北美]太妃糖，乳脂糖 2 US slang  insincere flattery [美] [俚语]谗媚，巴结 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tafia /ˈtæfiə/ n. W.Ind.  rum distilled from molasses etc. [西印] (一种用废糖蜜等制成的)劣质朗姆酒 [French from West Indian creole, perhaps related to RATAFIA]

tag1 /tæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a label, esp. one for tying on an object to show its address, price, etc. (尤指在某件物品上标明其产地、价格等的)标签；价格标签；标牌 2  a metal or plastic point at the end of a lace etc. to assist insertion (鞋带等末端的)金属或塑料包头 3  a loop at the back of a boot used in pulling it on (后鞋口的)拉襻 4 US  a licence plate of a motor vehicle [美] (机动车的)牌照 5  an electronic device that can be attached to a person or thing for monitoring purposes, e.g. to track offenders under house arrest or to deter shoplifters 监视器(如用来监视软禁囚犯或阻止店铺扒手) 6  a loose or ragged end of anything 支离破碎的东西，碎片 7  a ragged lock of wool on a sheep (羊身上的)缠结纷乱的羊毛 8 Theatr.  a closing speech addressed to the audience 【戏】终场词；结束语 9  a trite quotation or stock phrase 套话；歇后语；口头禅 10  a  the refrain of a song (歌曲的)叠唱b  a musical phrase added to the end of a piece (歌曲末尾的)叠句 11  an animal's tail, or its tip (动物的)尾巴；尾尖 ●v. tr. (tagged, tagging)  1  provide with a tag or tags 给…加上标签，给…挂上标牌 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, on to)  join or attach 添加，附加；连接 3 Brit. colloq.  follow closely or trail behind [英口]尾随监视，钉梢 4 Computing  identify (an item of data) by its type for later retrieval 【计算】识别或标记(一项数据) 5  label radioactively (see 见 LABEL v. 3) (用同位素)标记，标示 6  a  find rhymes for (verses) 使(诗句)押韵b  string (rhymes) together 串(韵脚) 7  shear away tags from (sheep) 给(羊)剪去缠结的毛 □ tag along  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  go along or accompany passively (勉强地)跟随或陪伴(某人) [Middle English: origin unknown]

tag2 /tæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a children's game in which one chases the rest, and anyone who is caught then becomes the pursuer (儿童的)捉人游戏(由一个人追捉其他的人，被抓住者变为追赶者) 2 Baseball  the act of tagging a runner 【棒球】(跑垒员的)触杀(指以球击中跑垒员或持球以脚触垒而致杀出局) ●v. tr. (tagged, tagging)  1  touch in a game of tag (在捉人游戏中)用手触抓获 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out) Baseball  put (a runner) out by touching with the ball or with the hand holding the ball 【棒球】触杀(跑垒员)，把(跑垒员)杀出局 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Tagalog /təˈɡɑ:lɒɡ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of the principal people of the Philippine Islands 他加禄人(菲律宾主要民族之一) 2  the Austronesian language of this people 他加禄语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 他加禄人(语)的 [Tagalog, from taga ‘native’ + ilog ‘river’]

tag end n. esp. US  the last remnant of something [尤美]末尾，末端；最后部分

tagetes /təˈdʒi:ti:z/ n.  any plant of the genus Tagetes, esp. any of various marigolds with bright orange or yellow flowers 万寿菊属(尤指开橘黄色或金黄色花的各种万寿菊) [modern Latin from Latin Tages, the name of an Etruscan god]

tagliatelle /tæljəˈteli/ n.  a form of pasta in narrow ribbons (一种呈细条状的)意大利面条 [Italian, from tagliarè ‘to cut’]

tag team n.  a pair of wrestlers who fight as a team, alternately or together (摔跤比赛中由两人组成的轮流或同时与对方选手进行比赛的)车轮战分组 often hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时常加连字符 : tag-team wrestling  车轮战分组摔跤

Tahiti /təˈhi:ti/ n.  塔希提岛 [南太平洋]

Tahitian /tɑ:ˈhi:ʃ(ə)n, tɑ:ˈhi:tiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or national of Tahiti in the S. Pacific 塔希提人(南太平洋塔希提岛上的土著人) 2  the language of Tahiti 塔希提语 ●adj.  of or relating to Tahiti or its people or language 塔希提的；塔希提人(语)的

tahr /tɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 thar)  any goatlike mammal of the genus Hemitragus, esp. H. jemlahicus of the Himalayas 塔尔羊(尤指喜马拉雅山地区产的) [native name in Nepal]

tahsil /tɑ:ˈsi:l/ n.  an administrative area in parts of India 区(印度行政区) [Urdu taḥsīl from Arabic, = collection]

t'ai chi ch'uan /tai tʃi: ˈtʃwɑ:n/ n. (also 亦作 t'ai chi /tai ˈtʃi:/)  a Chinese martial art and system of callisthenics consisting of sequences of very slow controlled movements 太极拳(一种中国式武术和健身方式，主要表现为系列缓慢而有节律的身体运动) [Chinese, = great ultimate boxing]

Taig /teiɡ/ n. slang offens. (in Northern Ireland) a Protestant name for a Catholic [俚语] [冒犯] (北爱尔兰的)天主教徒 [variant of Teague, Anglicized spelling of the Irish name Tadhg, a nickname for an Irishman]

taiga /ˈtaiɡə/ n.  coniferous forest lying between tundra and steppe, esp. in Siberia 泰加群落(森林) (尤指西伯利亚苔原地带和草原地带之间的大面积针叶林) [Russian]

tail1 /teil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the hindmost part of an animal, esp. when prolonged beyond the rest of the body (动物的)尾，尾巴 2  a  a thing like a tail in form or position, esp. something extending downwards or outwards at an extremity 尾状物(尤指直端地朝下或朝外延伸出来的东西)b  the rear end of anything, e.g. of a procession 末尾，末端(如队尾)c  a long train or line of people, vehicles, etc. 一队，一列(人或车辆等) 3  a  the rear part of an aeroplane, with the tailplane and rudder, or of a rocket (飞机、火箭等的)尾部b  the rear part of a motor vehicle (汽车的)尾部 4  the luminous trail of particles following a comet 彗星尾；流星尾 5  a  the inferior or weaker part of anything, esp. in a sequence (尤指一系列连贯事物中)较差部分，较弱部分b Cricket  the end of the batting order, with the weakest batsmen 【板球】(击球次序中最弱的)末尾击球手 6  a  the part of a shirt below the waist (腰以下的)衬衫垂尾部分b  the hanging part of the back of a coat (西服的)垂尾，燕尾 7 (in pl. 用复数) colloq. [口]  a  a tailcoat 燕尾服b  evening dress including this 男子晚礼服 8  a slang  the buttocks [俚语]屁股b coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  the female genitals; sexual intercourse 女性生殖器；交媾 9 (in pl. 用复数)  the reverse of a coin as a choice when tossing (掷硬币碰运气时选择的)硬币反面 10 colloq.  a person following or shadowing another [口]钉梢的人 11  an extra strip attached to the lower end of a kite (风筝的)尾部飘带 12  the stem of a note in music (音乐中的)符尾 13  the part of a letter (e.g. y) below the line (超出线格的)字母尾巴(如字母 y 的下部) 14  a  the exposed end of a slate or tile in a roof (屋顶瓦片的)外露部分b  the unexposed end of a brick or stone in a wall (墙中砖石的)砌入部分 15  the slender backward prolongation of a butterfly's wing (蝴蝶翅尾的)狭长部分 16  a comparative calm at the end of a gale (暴风后的)沉寂 17  a calm stretch following rough water in a stream (河流中湍流流过后的)平缓水面 ●v.  1 tr.  remove the stalks of (fruit) 摘掉(水果)的叶柄 2 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 after) intr. colloq.  shadow or follow closely [口]尾随，跟随 3 tr.  provide with a tail 使…长尾巴；给…装尾状物 4 tr.  dock the tail of (a lamb etc.) 剪短或剪掉(羊羔等)的尾巴 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on to)  join (one thing to another) 连接，衔接 □ on a person's tail   closely following a person 紧随某人之后□ tail back  Brit. (of traffic) form a tailback [英] (因交通受阻而使车辆)排成长队□ tail in   fasten (timber) by one end into a wall etc. 把(木料)的一端嵌入(墙壁等里面)□ tail off (or away)   1  become fewer, smaller, or slighter 变得越来越少(或小、弱) 2  fall behind or away in a scattered line (在零乱的队伍里)掉队□ with one's tail between one's legs   in a state of dejection or humiliation 夹着尾巴；灰溜溜地□ with one's tail up   in good spirits; cheerful 翘着尾巴；趾高气扬地□ tailed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ tailless  adj.   [Old English tœgl, tœgel, from Germanic]

tail2 /teil/ n. & adj. Law 【法律】  ●n.  limitation of ownership, esp. of an estate limited to a person and that person's heirs 限制继承；限嗣继承(尤指产业只能过继给某人及其子嗣) ●adj.  so limited 限制继承的；限嗣继承的  estate tail  限嗣继承的产业 fee tail  限制继承的费用 □ in tail   under such a limitation 在限嗣继承的情况下 [Middle English from Old French taille ‘notch, cut, tax’, from taillier ‘to cut’, ultimately from Latin talea ‘twig, cutting’: cf. TALLY]

tailback /ˈteilbæk/ n. Brit.  a long line of traffic extending back from an obstruction [英] (因交通受阻而形成的)车辆长队

tailboard /ˈteilbɔ:d/ n. Brit.  a hinged or removable flap at the rear of a lorry etc. [英] (卡车等的)后拦板，后挡板

tailcoat /ˈteilkəʊt/ n. Brit.  a man's morning or evening coat with a long skirt divided at the back into tails and cut away in front, worn as part of formal dress [英]燕尾服(一种男式晨装或晚装长大衣，后部分叉成燕尾状，前部敞开，作为正式场合装束的一部分)

tail covert n.  any of the feathers covering the base of a bird's tail feathers (鸟的)尾部覆羽

tail-end n.  1  the hindmost or lowest or last part. 尾尖；末端；最后部分 2  = TAIL1n. 5  □ tail-ender  n.  (板球队中)最弱的击球手；倒数第一名者

tail feather n.  a strong flight feather of a bird's tail (鸟的)尾羽

tailgate /ˈteilɡeit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. US [尤美]  a  = TAILBOARD b  the tail door of an estate car or hatchback (小客车或旅行车的)仓门式后门 2  the lower end of a canal lock (运河闸的)下闸门 ●v. US colloq. [美口]  1 intr.  drive too closely behind another vehicle (前后车距)保持得太近 2 tr.  follow (a vehicle) too closely 紧随(前面行驶的车辆) □ tailgater  n.  

tailing /ˈteiliŋ/ n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  the refuse or inferior part of grain or ore etc. (谷物或矿石等的)残渣，尾料 2  the part of a beam or projecting brick etc. embedded in a wall (砌置于墙上的)梁或突出的砖等

tail light n. (also 亦作 tail lamp)  a light at the rear of a train, motor vehicle, or bicycle (火车、汽车或自行车的)尾灯

tail-off n.  a decline or gradual reduction, esp. in demand 拒绝，婉拒(尤指对别人的请求)

tailor /ˈteilə/ n. & v. ●n.  a maker of clothes, esp. one who makes men's outer garments to measure (尤指缝制男子外衣的)裁缝，成衣师傅 ●v.  1 tr.  make (clothes) as a tailor 裁制(衣服) 2 tr.  make or adapt for a special purpose (针对某一特定目的)作修改并使之适应 3 intr.  work as or be a tailor 当裁缝，从事裁缝工作 4 tr. (esp. as 尤作 tailored adj.)  make clothes for 为…裁制衣服  he was immaculately tailored  他着装很得体 5 tr. (as 作 tailored adj.)  = TAILOR-MADEadj.  □ tailoring  n.  裁缝业；裁缝手艺；修改 [Middle English & Anglo-French taillour, Old French tailleur ‘cutter’, formed as TAIL2]

tailor-bird n.  any small Asian etc. warbler of the genus Orthotomus that stitches leaves together to form a nest 长尾缝叶莺(亚洲等地一种体形较小的鸟，喜用树叶筑巢)

tailored /ˈteiləd/ adj. (of clothing) well or closely fitted (指衣服)做得合身的，贴身的

tailor-made adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of clothing) made to order by a tailor (指衣服)裁缝做的；定做的 2  made or suited for a particular purpose (针对某一特定目的)合适的，适合的  a job tailor-made for me  一份很适合我的工作 ●n.  a tailor-made garment 定做的衣服

tailor's chair n.  a chair without legs for sitting cross-legged like a tailor at work 裁缝椅(一种供裁缝盘腿坐着工作用的无脚椅)

tailor's twist n.  a fine strong silk thread used by tailors (一种供裁缝用的)粗丝线

tailpiece /ˈteilpi:s/ n.  1  an appendage at the rear of anything 尾部附加物 2  the final part of a thing 末端，末梢 3  a decoration in a blank space at the end of a chapter etc. in a book (书中章节等结尾空白处的)章尾装饰 4  a piece of wood to which the strings of some musical instruments are attached at their lower ends (系在某些乐器下端的)系弦板

tailpipe /ˈteilpaip/ n.  the rear section of the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle (汽车等的)尾部排气管

tailplane /ˈteilplein/ n. Brit.  a horizontal aerofoil at the tail of an aircraft [英] (飞机上的)水平尾翼

tail-race n.  a fast-flowing stretch of a river or stream below a dam, watermill, etc. (水坝、水车等下面快速流动的)退水道，尾水渠

tail-skid n.  a support for the tail of an aircraft when on the ground (飞机停在地面时支撑尾部的)尾橇

tailspin /ˈteilspin/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spin (see 见 SPIN n. 2) by an aircraft with the tail spiralling (飞机跌落时的)尾旋，尾螺旋 2  a state of chaos or panic 失控状态；慌乱 ●v. intr. (-spinning; past and past part. -spun)  perform a tailspin (飞机)打着尾旋跌落

tailstock /ˈteilstɒk/ n.  the adjustable part of a lathe holding the fixed spindle (车床的)尾架，顶针座

tailwheel /ˈteilwi:l/ n.  a wheel supporting the tail of an aircraft, designed to ease ground handling (支撑飞机尾部，易于地面操作的)尾轮

tailwind /ˈteilwind/ n.  a wind blowing in the direction of travel of a vehicle or aircraft etc. (与轮船、汽车或飞机运行方向一致的)顺风

Taino /ˈtainəʊ/ n.  an extinct Caribbean language of the Arawak group 泰诺语(加勒比海地区阿拉瓦克语组的一门已绝迹的语言) [Taino taino ‘noble, lord’]

taint /teint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a spot or trace of decay, infection, or some bad quality 污点；污染(处)；腐烂(部分) 2  an unpleasant scent or smell 难闻的气味 3  a corrupt condition or infection 腐败现象；污染 ●v.  1 tr.  affect with a taint 弄脏；污染；使腐坏 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  affect slightly 玷污；败坏 3 intr.  become tainted 沾染；感染；腐败；堕落 □ taintless  adj.   [Middle English, partly via Old French teint(e) from Latin tinctus, from tingere ‘to dye’, partly from ATTAINT]

taipan1 /ˈtaipæn/ n.  the head of a foreign business in China 大班(指旧时在中国的外国公司经理) [Chinese]

taipan2 /ˈtaipæn/ n.  a large venomous Australian snake, Oxyuranus microlepidotus (产于澳大利亚，属眼镜蛇科的)大毒蛇 [dhayban, its name in an extinct Aboriginal language of N. Queensland]

Taipei /ˈtaiˈpei/ n.  台北 [中国]

taj /tɑ:dʒ/ n.  a tall conical cap worn by a dervish (伊斯兰教托钵僧戴的)锥形高帽 [Arabic tɑˉj]

Tajik /tɑ:ˈdʒi:k/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Tadjik) ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of the republic of Tajikistan (塔吉克斯坦共和国的)塔吉克人 2  the Iranian language of the Tajiks 塔吉克语 ●adj.  of or relating to Tajikistan, its people, or its language 塔吉克斯坦的；塔吉克人(语)的 [Persian]

Tajikistan   塔吉克斯坦

takahe /ˈtɑ:kəhi/ n.  = NOTORNIS  [Maori]

take /teik/ v. & n. ●v. (past took /tʊk/; past part. taken /ˈteik(ə)n/)  1 tr.  lay hold of; get into one's hands (用手)拿，取，抓 2 tr.  acquire, get possession of, capture, earn, or win 获得；占有；捕捉；挣得；赢得；获胜 3 tr.  get the use of by purchase or formal agreement (通过购买或正式手续)享有；享用  take lodgings  住上房子 4 tr. (in a recipe) avail oneself of; use (根据药方)服用；使用 5 tr.  use as a means of transport 乘坐(交通工具)  took a taxi  乘坐出租车 6 tr.  regularly buy or subscribe to (a particular newspaper or periodical etc.) 定期购买；订阅(报刊等) 7 tr.  obtain after fulfilling the required conditions (完成所要求的条件后)获得，得到，拿到  take a degree  获得学位 8 tr.  occupy 占领；占有  take a chair  占了一把椅子 9 tr.  make use of 利用；采取  take the next turning on the left  在下一路口朝左拐 10 tr.  consume as food or medicine 进(食)；服(药)  took tea  喝茶 took the pills  吃药 11 intr.  a  be successful or effective 成功；有效；起作用  the inoculation did not take  接种未能成功b (of a plant, seed, etc.) begin to grow (植物、种子等)生根，发芽 12 tr.  require or use up 花费，耗费(时间等)  will only take a minute  只需花一会儿时间 these things take time  这些事情费时间 13 tr.  wear (a particular size of garment etc.) 穿戴(某种型号的衣服等)  takes size six  穿 6 号的 14 tr.  cause to come or go with one; convey 携带；带去  take the book home  把书带回家 the bus will take you all the way  公共汽车会一路带着你 15 tr.  remove; dispossess a person of 拿走；使失去  someone has taken my pen  有人拿走了我的笔 16 tr.  catch or be infected with (fire or fever etc.) 着(火)；发(热)；患(病) 17 tr.  a  experience or be affected by 经历；经受；受…影响  take fright  受惊 take pleasure  乐意b  give play to 享受  take comfort  享受舒适c  exert 采取；实施  take courage  鼓起勇气 take no notice  没有注意 18 tr.  find out and note (a name and address; a person's temperature etc.) by enquiry or measurement 记录，记下(名字、地址等)；量(体温、尺寸等) 19 tr.  grasp mentally; understand 理解；领会  I take your point  我懂你的意思 I took you to mean yes  我想你的意思是同意 20 tr.  treat or regard in a specified way 对待；处理  took the news calmly  平静地对待这一消息 took it badly  粗暴待之 21 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  regard as being 视作；认为，以为  do you take me for an idiot?  你把我当成了白痴了吗？ 22 tr.  a  accept 接受；接收  take the offer  接受帮助 take a phone call  接电话 takes lodgers  接收房客b  hold, accommodate 容纳；留宿  takes two pints  装得下两品脱c  submit to 听从；甘愿忍受；容忍  take a joke  开得起玩笑 take no nonsense  受不了胡闹 took a risk  冒险 23 tr.  choose or assume 选取；采取；提出  took a different view  持不同看法 took a job  接受一份工作 took the initiative  采取主动 24 tr.  derive 源于  takes its name from the inventor  其名字取自于那位发明家 25 tr. (foll. by 后跟 from)  subtract 减去；抽取  take 3 from 9  9 减去 3 26 tr.  execute, make, or undertake; perform or effect 实行；进行；承担  take notes  记笔记 take an oath  宣誓 take a decision  采纳决定 take a look  看一眼 27 tr.  occupy or engage oneself in; indulge in; enjoy 从事于；自我沉湎于；享受  take a rest  休息一下 take exercise  进行体育锻炼 take a holiday  度假 28 tr.  conduct 主持；负责管理  took the school assembly  主持学校大会 29 tr.  deal with in a certain way 对付；处理  took the corner too fast  拐弯拐得太快 30 tr.  a  teach or be taught (a subject) 教或学(某一学科)b  be examined in (a subject) 参加(某学科的)考试 31 tr.  make (a photograph) with a camera; photograph (a person or thing) 拍摄(照片)；为(某人或某物)拍照 32 tr.  use as an instance 以…为例  let us take Napoleon  我们以拿破仑为例 33 tr. Gram.  have or require as part of the appropriate construction 【语法】带有…的语法成分；需带有(语法成分)  this verb takes an object  这动词带宾语 34 tr.  have sexual intercourse with (a woman) 与(女子)性交 35 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 by, with)  be attracted or charmed by 被吸引；被迷住 ●n.  1  an amount taken or caught in one session or attempt etc. 捕获量；收获量 2  a scene or sequence of film photographed continuously at one time (摄影中一次拍摄的连续性)镜头 3 esp. US  takings, esp. money received at a theatre for seats [尤美] (尤指戏院出售入场券所得的)票房收入 4 Printing hist.  the amount of copy set up at one time 【印刷】[史义]一次排版量 □ be taken ill   become ill, esp. suddenly (尤指突然地)患病□ have what it takes  colloq.  have the necessary qualities etc. for success [口]具备(成功)所需的素质□ on the take  slang  taking bribes [俚语]受贿□ take account of   see 见 ACCOUNT □ take action   see 见 ACTION □ take advantage of   see 见 ADVANTAGE □ take advice   see 见 ADVICE □ take after   resemble (esp. a parent or ancestor) 像，酷似(尤指像父母或祖先)□ take against  Brit.  begin to dislike, esp. impulsively [英] (尤指一时冲动下的)不喜欢；不赞成□ take aim   see 见 AIM □ take apart   1  dismantle 拆开，拆卸 2 colloq.  beat or defeat conclusively [口]把…打得一败涂地 3 colloq.  criticize severely [口]把…批得一无是处□ take aside   see 见 ASIDE □ take as read  Brit.  accept without reading or discussing [英] (不读或讨论就)接受□ take away   1  remove or carry elsewhere 带走，拿走 2  subtract 减去 3 Brit.  buy (food etc.) at a shop or restaurant for eating elsewhere [英] (把店里或餐馆里的饭菜等)买走食用□ take back   1  retract (a statement) 收回(声明) 2  convey (a person or thing) to his or her or its original position 归还，退回 3  carry (a person) in thought to a past time 使(人)回忆起过去的岁月 4 Printing  transfer to the previous line 【印刷】转到上一行 5  a  return (goods) to a shop 退货(到商店)b (of a shop) accept such goods (商店)同意退货 6  accept (a person) back into one's affections, into employment, etc. 同意(某人)恢复(旧情或原职等)□ take the biscuit (or bun or cake)  colloq.  be the most remarkable [口]最棒的□ take a bow   see 见 BOW2 □ take breath   see 见 BREATH □ take one's breath away   see 见 BREATH □ take care of   see 见 CARE □ take a chance, etc.   see 见 CHANCE □ take charge   see 见 CHARGE □ take down   1  write down (spoken words) 写下，记下(所说的话) 2  remove (a structure) by dismantling 拆卸，拆除 3  humiliate 贬抑；挫其骄气 4  lower (a garment worn below the waist) (把衣服的腰以下部分)放下来□ take effect   see 见 EFFECT □ take for granted   see 见 GRANT □ take fright   see 见 FRIGHT □ take from   diminish; weaken; detract from 减少；减弱；从…减去□ take heart   be encouraged 鼓足勇气，树立信心□ take hold   see 见 HOLD1 □ take ill (US [美] sick)  colloq.  be taken ill [口]患病，得病□ take in   1  receive as a lodger etc. 收容；留宿 2  undertake (work) at home 承接(活计)在家里做 3  make (a garment etc.) smaller 缩小，改小(衣服等) 4  understand 理解，领会  did you take that in?  你听懂了吗？ 5  cheat 欺骗  managed to take them all in  设法把他们全都骗住 6  include or comprise 包括，包含 7  absorb into the body 吸入 8 colloq.  visit (a place) on the way to another [口]将某地排入旅程；顺道参观某地  shall we take in Avebury?  我们要顺道参观埃夫伯里吗？ 9  furl (a sail) 卷(帆)，收(帆)□ take in hand   1  undertake; start doing or dealing with 开始着手处理 2  undertake the control or reform of (a person) 控制住或改造(某人)□ take into account   see 见 ACCOUNT □ take it   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  assume 以为，认为  I take it that you have finished  我以为你们已做完了 2 colloq.  endure a difficulty or hardship in a specified way [口](以某种方式)忍受(困难或艰辛)  took it badly  艰难地忍受□ take it easy   see 见 EASY □ take it from me (or take my word for it)   I can assure you 我向你保证□ take it ill   resent it 极为不满□ take it into one's head   see 见 HEAD □ take it on one (or oneself)  (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  venture or presume 冒然去做□ take it or leave it  (esp. in imper. 尤用于祈使句)  an expression of indifference or impatience about another's decision after making an offer 要就要，不要就拉倒□ take it out of   1  exhaust the strength of 使衰弱；使精疲力竭 2 Brit.  have revenge on [英]向…报复□ take it out on   relieve one's frustration by attacking or treating harshly 拿…出气□ take a thing kindly   see 见 KINDLY1 □ take kindly to   see 见 KINDLY1 □ take one's leave of   see 见 LEAVE2 □ take a lot of (or some) doing   be hard to do (某事)很难做□ take lying down   see 见 LIE1 □ take a person's name in vain   see 见 VAIN □ take off   1  a  remove (clothing) from one's or another's body 脱去(衣服鞋帽等)b  remove or lead away 拿掉；移走c  withdraw (transport, a show, etc.) 取消(运输)；中止(演出等) 2  deduct (part of an amount) 扣除，减去 3  depart, esp. hastily (尤指匆忙地)离开  took off in a fast car  乘坐一辆快车离开 4 colloq.  mimic humorously [口] (幽默地)模仿 5  jump from the ground 起跳 6  become airborne 升空，起飞 7 (of a scheme, enterprise, etc.) become successful or popular (计划、事业等)开始取得成功；开始流行 8  have (a period) away from work 抽出(时间)休息，休假□ take oneself off   go away 走掉，离开□ take on   1  undertake (work etc.) 开始做，开始处理(工作等) 2  engage (an employee) 雇用(职员) 3  be willing or ready to meet (an adversary in sport, argument, etc., esp. a stronger one) (体育运动、辩论等中)愿与(对手，尤其是更强的对手)进行较量；接受(对手)的挑战 4  acquire (a new meaning etc.) 获得(新意等) 5 esp. Brit. colloq.  show strong emotion [尤英口]激动；大惊小怪□ take on the chin   see 见 CHIN □ take orders   see 见 ORDER □ take out   1  remove from within a place; extract 拿出，取出；抽出 2  escort on an outing 带领…出去，陪同…出去 3  get (a licence or summons etc.) issued 取得，办理(执照等)；发出(传票等) 4 US [美]  = take away 3  5 Bridge  remove (a partner or a partner's call) from a suit by bidding a different one or no trumps 【桥牌】(表示不同意伙伴或伙伴所叫的花色而)改叫 6 slang  murder or destroy [俚语]除掉，毁掉；消除□ take a person out of himself or herself   make a person forget his or her worries 给(人)消气解愁；使(人)快活□ take over   1  succeed to the management or ownership of 接收，接管，接任，接办 2  take control (of) 取而代之；取得控制 3 Printing  transfer to the next line 【印刷】移到下一行□ take part   see 见 PART □ take place   see 见 PLACE □ take a person's point   see 见 POINT □ take root   see 见 ROOT1 □ take shape   assume a distinct form; develop into something definite 成形；初露端倪□ take sides   see 见 SIDE □ take stock   see 见 STOCK □ take the sun   see 见 SUN □ take that!   an exclamation accompanying a blow etc. 着打！接招！(伴随打击时的感叹语)□ take one's time   not hurry 别急，慢慢来□ take to   1  begin or fall into the habit of 沉湎于；开始养成…的习惯  took to smoking  养成抽烟的习惯 2  have recourse to 求助于，求援于 3  adapt oneself to 适应 4  form a liking for 开始喜欢□ take to the cleaners   see 见 CLEANER □ take to heart   see 见 HEART □ take to one's heels   see 见 HEEL1 □ take to pieces   see 见 PIECE □ take to task   see 见 TASK □ take the trouble   see 见 TROUBLE □ take up   1  become interested or engaged in (a pursuit) 开始对…发生兴趣；开始从事；着手处理 2  adopt as a protégé 提携；保护 3  occupy (time or space) 占去，占用(时间或空间) 4  begin (residence etc.) 定居(某处) 5  resume after an interruption (打断谈话后)重新来，接下去 6  interrupt or question (a speaker) 打断(某人谈话)；责问；指责 7  accept (an offer etc.) 接受(帮助等) 8  shorten (a garment) 改短(衣服) 9  lift up 举起，抬起，拿起 10  absorb 吸收  sponges take up water  海绵是吸水的 11  take (a person) into a vehicle 接纳(乘客) 12  pursue (a matter etc.) further 把(某事)继续下去□ take a person up on   accept (a person's offer etc.) 接受(某人的提议等)□ take up the gauntlet   accept a challenge 接受挑战□ take up with   begin to associate with 开始与…交往□ takable  adj. (also 亦作 takeable)   [Old English tacan from Old Norse taka]

takeaway /ˈteikəwei/ adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●attrib. adj. (of food) bought at a shop or restaurant for eating elsewhere (食品)外吃的；外卖的 ●n.  1  an establishment selling such food (外卖食品的)餐馆(或商店) 2  the food itself 外卖食品  let's get a takeaway  咱们买点外卖吧

take-home pay n.  the pay received by an employee after the deduction of tax etc. (扣除税收等后的)净薪，实际工资

take-in n.  a deception 欺骗

take-off n.  1  the act of becoming airborne 起飞，升空 2  an act of mimicking 模仿 3  a place from which one jumps 起点；起跳点

take-out attrib. adj. & n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = TAKEAWAY 

takeover /ˈteikəʊvə/ n.  the assumption of control (esp. of a business); the buying-out of one company by another 接收，接管；并购

taker /ˈteikə/ n.  1  a person who takes a bet 下赌注的人 2  a person who accepts an offer 接受者；收受人

take-up n.  acceptance of something offered (对某物的)接收；领取

takin /ˈtɑ:kin/ n.  a large Tibetan horned ruminant, Budorcas taxicolor (产于西藏的)羚牛，扭角羚 [its name in a local language]

taking /ˈteikiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  attractive or captivating 迷人的，摄人魂魄的 2  catching or infectious 传染性的；有害的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  an amount of money taken in business 进项；售得收入 □ takingly  adv.  □ takingness  n.  

Taklamakan n.  塔克拉玛干沙漠 [中国]

tala /ˈtɑ:lə/ n.  any of the traditional rhythmic patterns of Indian music 塔拉(古印度音乐的一种节拍组合) [Sanskrit]

talapoin /ˈtæləpɔin/ n.  1  a Buddhist monk or priest (佛教的)和尚，僧侣 2  a small West African monkey, Miopithecus talapoin (西非的)小长尾猴 [Portuguese talapɑˉo from Talaing tala pói ‘my lord’]

talaria /təˈlɛəriə/ n. pl. (in Roman mythology) winged sandals as an attribute of certain gods and goddesses, esp. Mercury (尤指古罗马神话中的信使墨丘利穿的)有翼凉鞋 [Latin, neut. pl. of talaris, from talus ‘ankle’]

talc /tælk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  talcum powder 滑石粉；爽身粉 2  any crystalline form of magnesium silicate that occurs in soft flat plates, usu. white or pale green in colour and used as a lubricator etc. 云母；滑石(指任何晶体形式存在的硅酸镁，通常呈白色或浅绿色，可用作润滑剂等) ●v. tr. (talced, talcing or talcked, talcking)  powder or treat (a surface) with talc to lubricate or dry it 用滑石粉处理；用爽身粉弄干 □ talcose  adj.  □ talcous  adj.  □ talcy  adj. (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  滑石粉的；爽身粉的 [French talc or medieval Latin talcum, via Arabic talk from Persian talk]

talcum /ˈtælkəm/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 talcum powder)  powdered talc for toilet and cosmetic use, usu. perfumed 滑石粉；爽身粉(通常带有香味的化妆用品) 2  = TALCn. 2  ●v. tr. (talcumed, talcuming)  powder with talcum 擦爽身粉于 [medieval Latin: see TALC]

tale /teil/ n.  1  a narrative or story, esp. fictitious and imaginatively treated (尤指虚构或想像的)叙述；故事 2  a report of an alleged fact, often malicious or in breach of confidence (常怀有恶意的)坏话，谣言；流言蜚语  all sorts of tales will get about  各种谣言都会传开的 3 archaic or literary  a number or total [古义] [文学用语]计数；总数  the tale is complete  数目全了 □ tale of a tub   an idle fiction 荒诞的故事；无稽之谈 [Old English talu from Germanic: related to TELL1]

talebearer /ˈteilbɛərə/ n.  a person who maliciously gossips or reveals secrets 散布流言蜚语的人；告密者 □ talebearing  n. & adj.  

talent /ˈtælənt/ n.  1  a special aptitude or faculty 天资，天赋；才干，才能  a talent for music  音乐天赋 has real talent  具有真才实能 2  high mental ability 高智能 3  a  a person or persons of talent 才子，人才  is a real talent  是真正的人才 plenty of local talent  大量本地人才b Brit. colloq.  attractive members of the opposite sex [英口] (能吸引异性的)性感的人 4  an ancient weight and unit of currency, esp. among the Greeks 塔兰特(尤指古希腊的重量和货币单位) □ talented  adj.  □ talentless  adj.   [Old English talente and Old French talent via Latin talentum ‘inclination of mind’ from Greek talanton ‘balance, weight, sum of money’]

talent scout n.  a person looking for talented performers, esp. in sport and entertainment (尤指体育运动和娱乐界的)物色人才者；星探

talent spotter n. Brit. [英]  = TALENT SCOUT  □ talent-spot  v. tr. & intr. (-spotted, -spotting)  

tales /ˈteili:z/ n. Law 【法律】  1  a writ for summoning jurors to supply a deficiency 候补陪审员召集令 2  a list of persons who may be summoned 候补陪审员名册 [Middle English from Latin tales (de circumstantibus) ‘such (of the bystanders)’, the first words of the writ]

talesman /ˈteili:zmən, ˈteilz-/ n. (pl. -men) Law 【法律】  a person summoned by a tales 候补陪审员

taleteller /ˈteiltelə/ n.  1  a person who tells stories 讲故事的人 2  a person who spreads malicious reports 散布流言蜚语的人

tali pl.  of TALUS1  

talion /ˈtæliən/ n.  = LEX TALIONIS  [Middle English via Old French from Latin talio -onis, from talis ‘such’]

talipes /ˈtælipi:z/ n. Med. 【医】  = CLUB FOOT  [modern Latin, from Latin talus ‘ankle’ + pes ‘foot’]

talipot /ˈtælipɒt/ n.  a tall southern Indian palm, Corypha umbraculifera, with very large fan-shaped leaves that are used as sunshades etc. 伞干顶榈(印度南部一种高大、叶子呈扇形可用来遮阳的棕榈) [Malayalam tɑˉlipat, Hindi tɑˉlpɑˉt from Sanskrit tɑˉlapattra, from tɑˉla ‘palm’ + pattra ‘leaf’]

talisman /ˈtælizmən/ n. (pl. talismans)  1  an object, esp. an inscribed ring or stone, supposed to be endowed with magic powers esp. of averting evil from or bringing good luck to its holder 护身符，驱邪物(尤指雕刻过的戒指或石块，被视为具有魔力能为佩戴者驱邪或带来好运) 2  a charm or amulet; a thing supposed capable of working wonders 法宝；被认为能创造奇迹的东西 □ talismanic  /-ˈmænik/ adj.   [French & Spanish, = Italian talismano, from medieval Greek telesmon, Greek telesma ‘completion, religious rite’ via teleō ‘to complete’ from telos ‘result, end’]

talk /tɔ:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to, with)  converse or communicate ideas by spoken words 谈话，交谈 2 intr.  have the power of speech 说话，讲话 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about)  a  have as the subject of discussion 商谈b (in imper. 用于祈使句) colloq.  as an emphatic statement [口] (作为强调)说到，谈及  talk about expense! It cost me £ 50  要说到花费！这可花了我 50 镑 4 tr.  express or utter in words; discuss 讲，说；讨论，谈论  you are talking nonsense  你在胡说 talked cricket all day  整天谈论的都是板球 5 tr.  use (a language) in speech 讲或说(某种语言)  is talking Spanish  正在说西班牙语 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  address pompously 胡诌，瞎讲 7 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 into, out of)  bring into a specified condition etc. by talking 讲得使…，说得使…  talked himself hoarse  说得声音都哑了 how did you talk them into it?  你怎么说服他们的？ talked them out of the difficulty  说得他们消除了烦恼 8 intr.  reveal (esp. secret) information; betray secrets 吐露秘密，说出内情 9 intr.  gossip 说闲话；散布流言蜚语  people are beginning to talk  人们开始说闲话了 10 intr.  have influence 有影响力  money talks  有钱能使鬼推磨 11 intr.  communicate by radio (用无线电信号)交流，传递信息 ●n.  1  conversation or talking 谈话，交谈 2  a particular mode of speech 特定说话方式；行话  baby talk  儿语 3  an informal address or lecture (非正式的)演讲，讲话 4  a  rumour or gossip 闲话，谈论，传闻；流言蜚语  there is talk of a merger  人们在谈论合并的事b  its theme 话题  their success was the talk of the town  他们的成功成了街谈巷议的话题 5 (often in pl. 常用复数)  extended discussions or negotiations 讨论；商谈，洽谈 6  empty promises or boasting 空话；大话 □ know what one is talking about   be expert or authoritative 是行家；精于此道□ now you're talking  colloq.  I like what you say, suggest, etc. [口]你这话就对了；你这话我爱听□ talk away   1  consume (time) in talking 说话消磨(时间) 2  carry on talking 继续说；说个不停  talk away! I'm listening  继续说吧！我在听着呢□ talk back   1  reply defiantly 回嘴，顶嘴；反唇相讥 2  respond on a two-way radio system (在无线电对讲电路上)回话，应答□ talk big  colloq.  talk boastfully [口]说大话，吹牛□ talk down to   speak patronizingly or condescendingly to 以居高临下的口吻说话□ talk a person down   1  silence a person by greater loudness or persistence 以大声或滔滔不绝的说话盖过别人的声音 2  bring (a pilot or aircraft) to landing by radio instructions from the ground 用无线电指令引导(飞行员或飞机)着陆□ talk the hind leg off a donkey   talk incessantly 滔滔不绝地讲，喋喋不休□ talk nineteen to the dozen   see 见 DOZEN □ talk of   1  discuss or mention 论及，谈到 2 (often foll. by verbal noun 常后跟动名词)  express some intention of 谈到想…，考虑要…  talked of moving to London  谈到想搬到伦敦去□ talk of the town   what is being talked about generally 大街小巷正在议论□ talk out  Brit.  block the course of (a bill in Parliament) by prolonging discussion to the time of adjournment [英] (在英国议会故意把讨论拖延到休会以使议案)搁置□ talk over   discuss at length 详尽地商议或讨论□ talk a person over (or round or US [美] around)   gain agreement or compliance from a person by talking (通过谈论)说服□ talk shop   talk, esp. tediously or inopportunely, about one's occupation, business, etc. (尤指喋喋不休地或不适时宜地)谈论自己的职业或工作；三句不离本行□ talk tall  colloq.  boast [口]吹牛，说大话□ talk through   discuss thoroughly 详尽地讨论□ talk a person through   guide a person in (a task) with continuous instructions 不断指导(某人的工作)□ talk through one's hat (or Brit. [英] neck)  colloq. [口]  1  exaggerate 夸张，吹牛 2  bluff 吓唬，虚张声势 3  talk wildly or nonsensically 胡说，乱说□ talk to   reprove or scold (a person) 责备(某人)□ talk to oneself   soliloquize 自言自语□ talk turkey   see 见 TURKEY □ talk up   discuss (a subject) in order to arouse interest in it 谈论(问题)以引起对它的兴趣□ you can't (or can) talk  colloq.  a reproof that the person addressed is just as culpable etc. in the matter at issue [口] (就某一议题)你没有资格议论□ talker  n.   [Middle English talken, frequentative verb from TALE or TELL1]

talkathon /ˈtɔ:kəθɒn/ n. colloq.  a prolonged session of talking or discussion [口] (马拉松式的)冗长讲话或讨论 [TALK + MARATHON]

talkative /ˈtɔ:kətiv/ adj.  fond of or given to talking 爱说话的；多嘴的 □ talkatively  adv.  □ talkativeness  n.  

talkback /ˈtɔ:kbæk/ n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a system of two-way communication by loudspeaker 对讲通话的 2  = PHONE-IN 

talkie /ˈtɔ:ki/ n. esp. US colloq.  a film with a soundtrack, as distinct from a silent film [尤美口] (区别于无声电影的)有声电影 [TALK + -IE, on the pattern of movie]

talking /ˈtɔ:kiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  that talks 讲话的，说话的 2  having the power of speech 会说话的  a talking parrot  会说话的鹦鹉 3  expressive 富于表情的，像会说话的  talking eyes  会说话的眼睛 ●n.  in senses of TALK v. 用于 TALK 动词的各释义 □ talking of  esp. Brit.  while we are discussing [尤英]说到，论及  talking of food, what time is lunch?  说到吃的东西，什么时候吃午饭？

talking book n.  a recorded reading of a book, esp. for the blind (尤指供盲人用的磁带录音)有声读本

talking film n. (also 亦作 talking picture)  a film with a soundtrack 有声电影

talking head n. colloq.  a presenter etc. on television, speaking to the camera and viewed in close-up [口] (电视屏幕上对着摄像机说话的)发言者特写头像

talking point n.  a topic for discussion or argument 论题，话题

talking shop n. Brit. derog.  an institution regarded as a place of argument rather than action [英贬]清谈俱乐部

talking-to n. colloq.  a reproof or reprimand [口]责备  gave them a good talking-to  好好责备他们一顿

talk show n.  = CHAT SHOW 

tall /tɔ:l/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  of more than average height (较一般)高的；高大的 2  of a specified height 特定高度的；特定身高的  looks about six feet tall  看上去 6 英尺高 3  higher than the surrounding objects (较周围物体)更高的  a tall building  一座高楼 4 colloq.  extravagant or excessive; fanciful [口]夸耀的，夸张的；过分的  a tall story  大谎话 tall talk  大话 ●adv.  as if tall; proudly; in a tall or extravagant way 昂然；趾高气扬地；夸大地  sit tall  昂然而坐 □ tallish  adj.  □ tallness  n.   [originally = ready, active: Middle English, representing Old English getœl ‘swift, prompt’]

tallage /ˈtælidʒ/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a form of taxation on towns etc., abolished in the 14th c. (向城镇等地征收的)摊派税 (14 世纪已被废除) 2  a tax on feudal dependants etc. (向封建佃户等征收的)佃租税 [Middle English from Old French taillage, from tailler ‘to cut’: see TAIL2]

tallboy /ˈtɔ:lbɔi/ n. Brit.  a tall chest of drawers sometimes in lower and upper sections or mounted on legs [英]高脚五斗橱柜

tall drink n.  a drink served in a tall glass 高脚杯盛着的酒

tall hat n.  = TOP HAT 

tallith /ˈtæliθ/ n.  a fringed shawl worn by Jewish men, esp. at prayer 祈祷披肩(尤指犹太男人祈祷时穿的一种饰有边穗的披肩) [Rabbinical Hebrew tallīt from tillel ‘to cover’]

tall order n.  an exorbitant or unreasonable demand 过高的要求；很难办到的事

tallow /ˈtæləʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  the harder kinds of (esp. animal) fat melted down for use in making candles, soap, etc. (融化后用来制造蜡烛、肥皂等的)动物油脂；兽脂 ●v. tr.  grease with tallow 涂油脂 □ tallowish  adj.  □ tallowy  adj.   [Middle English talg, talug, from Middle Low German talg, talch, of unknown origin]

tallow tree n.  any of various trees, esp. Sapium sebiferum of China, yielding vegetable tallow 油脂树(尤指中国的乌桕树，产植物油脂)

tall ship n.  a sailing ship with a high mast 高桅帆船

tally /ˈtæli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the reckoning of a debt or score (计账或计分的)签子；筹码 2  a total score or amount 总得分；总数量 3  a  a mark registering a fixed number of objects delivered or received (货物发送或接收的)登记标记；(符契上的)刻记b  such a number as a unit (货物计算上的)单位数，计数单位 4 hist. [史义]  a  a piece of wood scored across with notches for the items of an account and then split into halves, each party keeping one 符木(古时刻痕计数的木签，分成两半，借贷双方各执一半为凭)b  an account kept in this way 记账单 5  a ticket or label for identification 识别标签；标志牌 6  a corresponding thing, counterpart, or duplicate 对等物；符合物；复制品 ●v. (-ies, -ied) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1 intr.  agree or correspond 符合；吻合 2 tr.  record or reckon by tally 记账；记录 □ tallier  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French tallie, Anglo-Latin tallia, talia from Latin talea: cf. TAIL2]

tally clerk n.  an official who keeps a tally of goods, esp. those loaded or unloaded in docks (尤指码头上根据货单检点货物的)理货员，点货员

tally-ho /tæliˈhəʊ/ int., n. & v. ●int.  a huntsman's cry to the hounds on sighting a fox 呔嗬(猎人发现狐狸时向猎狗发出追逐的叫喊) ●n. (pl. -hos)  an utterance of this 呔嗬声 ●v. (-hoes, -hoed)  1 intr.  utter a cry of ‘tally-ho’ 发出“呔嗬”声 2 tr.  indicate (a fox) or urge (hounds) with this cry 用呔嗬声表示发现(狐狸)或吆喝(猎狗) [apparently an alteration of French taïaut, of unknown origin]

tallyman /ˈtælimən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who keeps a tally 点货员；计分员 2 Brit.  a person who sells goods on credit, esp. from door to door [英] (尤指挨门逐户赊销的)推销员

tally sheet n.  a paper on which a tally is kept 点货单；记分单

tally system n. Brit.  a system of sale on short credit or instalments with an account kept by tally [英]赊销(记账式短期信贷或分期付款的销售体系)

Talmud /ˈtælmʊd, -məd/ n.  the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara 《塔木德经》(反映犹太人生活、宗教的律法集主要包括 Mishnah 和 Gemara 两部分) □ Talmudic  /-ˈmʊdik/ adj.  □ Talmudical  /-ˈmʊdik(ə)l/ adj.  □ Talmudist  n.   [late Hebrew talmūd ‘instruction’ from Hebrew lɑˉmad ‘learn’]

talon /ˈtælən/ n.  1  a claw, esp. of a bird of prey (尤指猛禽的)爪，爪子 2  the cards left after the deal in a card game (牌戏中)分剩的牌，未发完的牌 3  the last part of a dividend-coupon sheet, entitling the holder to a new sheet on presentation 息票掉换券 4  the shoulder of a bolt against which the key presses in shooting it in a lock 锁键上受到钥匙推压的部分 5  an ogee moulding 爪饰；爪状物 □ taloned  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English from Old French, = heel, ultimately from Latin talus: see TALUS1]

talus1 /ˈteiləs/ n. (pl. tali /-lai/) Anat.  the ankle-bone supporting the tibia Also called 亦称作 ASTRAGALUS 【解】距骨；踝 [Latin, = ankle, heel]

talus2 /ˈteiləs/ n. (pl. taluses)  1  the slope of a wall that tapers to the top or rests against a bank (墙的)斜面；斜坡 2 Geol.  a sloping mass of fragments at the foot of a cliff 【地质】(悬崖脚下的)岩屑堆 [French: origin unknown]

TAM abbr.  television audience measurement [缩略]电视观众计量

tam /tæm/ n.  a tam-o'-shanter 苏格兰式便帽，宽顶无檐圆帽 [abbreviation]

tamable var.  of TAMEABLE  TAMEABLE 的变体

tamale /təˈmɑ:li/ n.  a Mexican food of seasoned meat and maize flour steamed or baked in maize husks 玉米粉蒸肉 [Mexican Spanish tamal, pl. tamales]

tamandua /təˈmænd(j)ʊə, tæm(ə)nˈdu:ə/ n.  any small Central and S. American arboreal anteater of the genus Tamandua, with a prehensile tail used in climbing (一种产于中美洲和南美洲的)小食蚁兽 [Portuguese from Tupi tamanduɑˋ]

tamarack /ˈtæməræk/ n.  1  an American larch, Larix laricina 美洲落叶松 2  the wood from this 美洲落叶松木材 [probably Algonquian]

tamarillo /tæməˈriləʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. Austral. & NZ [尤澳新]  = TREE TOMATO  [arbitrary marketing name: cf. Spanish tomatillo, diminutive of tomate TOMATO]

tamarin /ˈtæm(ə)rin/ n.  any S. American usu. insect-eating monkey of the genera Saguinus and Leontopithecus, having hairy crests and moustaches 绢毛猴(产于南美，通常以昆虫为食，有鬃毛、胡须) [French from Carib]

tamarind /ˈtæm(ə)rind/ n.  1  a tropical evergreen tree, Tamarindus indica 罗望子树(一种产于热带的常绿树) 2  the fruit of this, containing an acid pulp used as food and in making drinks 罗望子果实(可食用，可制作饮料) [medieval Latin tamarindus from Arabic tamr-hindī ‘Indian date’]

tamarisk /ˈtæm(ə)risk/ n.  any shrub of the genus Tamarix, usu. with long slender branches and small pink or white flowers, that thrives by the sea 柽柳(盛产于海边的灌木，枝桠细长，花朵呈白色或粉红色) [Middle English from Late Latin tamariscus, Latin tamarix]

tambour /ˈtæmbʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a drum 鼓 2  a  a circular frame for holding fabric taut while it is being embroidered (刺绣用的)圆形绷架b  material embroidered in this way 绷架刺绣品 3 Archit.  each of a sequence of cylindrical stones forming the shaft of a column 【建】(作柱身用的)鼓形石块 4 Archit.  the circular part of various structures 【建】鼓形柱 5 Archit.  a lobby with a ceiling and folding doors in a church porch etc. to obviate draughts 【建】(教堂等建筑物中有顶及摺门的)圆形挡风门厅 6  a sloping buttress or projection in a fives court etc. (墙手球球场等地的)倾斜扶壁 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  decorate or embroider on a tambour 在绷架上装饰或刺绣 [French from tabour TABOR]

tamboura /tæmˈbʊərə/ n. Mus.  an Indian stringed instrument used as a drone 【音】坦布拉琴(印度一种低音拨弦乐器) [Arabic ṭanbūra]

tambourin /ˈtæmbərin/ n.  1  a long narrow drum used in Provence (法国普罗旺斯地方用的一种)长鼓 2  a  a dance accompanied by a tambourin 长鼓舞b  the music for this 长鼓舞曲 [French, diminutive of TAMBOUR]

tambourine /tæmbəˈri:n/ n.  a percussion instrument consisting of a hoop with a parchment stretched over one side and jingling discs in slots round the hoop (周围有发声金属片的)铃鼓，小手鼓 □ tambourinist  n.   [French, diminutive of TAMBOUR]

tame /teim/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1 (of an animal) domesticated; not wild or shy (动物)驯化的，驯服的 2  insipid; lacking spirit or interest; dull 毫无生气的；无精打采的；单调的，平淡的  tame acquiescence  默默顺从 3 colloq. (of a person) amenable or cooperative and available [口] (人)温顺的；听使唤的  you need a tame accountant  你需要一位听使唤的会计 4 US [美]  a (of land) cultivated (土地)经开垦的b (of a plant) produced by cultivation (植物)经栽培的 ●v. tr.  1  make tame; domesticate; break in 驯化，驯服，驯养 2  subdue, curb, humble; break the spirit of 制服；抑制，使没精神 □ tamely  adv.  □ tameness  n.  □ tamer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English tam, from Germanic]

tameable /ˈteiməb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 tamable)  capable of being tamed 能驯养的，可驯服的 □ tameability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ tameableness  n.  

Tamil /ˈtæmil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a Dravidian people inhabiting South India and Sri Lanka (居住在印度南部和斯里兰卡的)泰米尔人 2  the language of this people 泰米尔语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or their language 泰米尔人的；泰米尔语的 □ Tamilian  /-ˈmiliən/ adj.   [Tamil Tamil, related to DRAVIDIAN]

Tammany /ˈtæməni/ n. (also 亦作 Tammany Hall) US [美]  1  a corrupt political organization or group 坦慕尼协会(腐败政治机构) 2  corrupt political activities 腐败政治活动 [originally the name of a benevolent society in New York with headquarters at Tammany Hall, which later became the headquarters of the Democratic Party in New York]

tammy /ˈtæmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  = TAM-O'-SHANTER 

tam-o'-shanter /tæməˈʃæntə/ n.  a round woollen or cloth cap of Scottish origin fitting closely round the brows but large and full above (一种苏格兰人戴的)宽顶无檐圆帽 [named after the hero of Burns's Tam o' Shanter]

tamoxifen /təˈmɒksifen/ n. Pharm.  a drug which acts as an oestrogen antagonist, used to treat breast cancer and infertility in women 【药】它莫西芬(一种抗雌激素，用于治疗妇女乳腺癌和不育症) [arbitrary formation based on trans, amine, oxy-, phenol, parts of the drug's chemical name]

tamp /tæmp/ v. tr.  1  pack (a blast-hole) full of clay etc. to get the full force of an explosion 用黏土等填塞(装有炸药的洞口) 2  ram down (road material, soil, tobacco, etc.); firmly press down or in 夯实(路基，泥土等)；紧实地卷(烟丝)；强行压下或装进 □ tamper  n.  □ tamping  n. (in sense 1 用于释义 1)   [perhaps a back-formation from French tampin (variant of TAMPION, taken as = tamping)]

tamper /ˈtæmpə/ v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  1  a  meddle or interfere with; make unauthorized changes in 干扰，干预；篡改b  interfere with (a food product etc.) esp. by contamination and for blackmail purposes 拨弄(食物等)；胡乱摆弄；(尤指为了不正当目的而)干预 2  exert a secret or corrupt influence upon; bribe 秘密参预；行贿 □ tamperer  n.   [variant of TEMPER]

tamper-proof adj.  made so that it cannot be tampered with (机械装置等)防拨弄的，防胡乱摆弄的

tampion /ˈtæmpiən/ n. (also 亦作 tompion /ˈtɒm-/)  1  a wooden stopper for the muzzle of a gun 枪口塞；炮口塞；木塞 2  a plug e.g. for the top of an organ pipe 塞子(如用于风琴管子顶端) [Middle English from French tampon, nasalized variant of tapon, related to TAP1]

tampon /ˈtæmpɒn/ n. & v. ●n.  a plug of soft material used to stop a wound or absorb secretions, esp. one inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual blood (塞伤口或吸分泌物的)棉塞；止血塞；(尤指塞入妇女阴道内吸经血的)月经棉塞，卫生栓 ●v. tr. (tamponed, tamponing)  plug with a tampon 用棉塞塞住 [French: see TAMPION]

tamponade /tæmpəˈneid/ n.  1 (in full 全称 cardiac tamponade)  compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac 急性心压塞 2  the surgical use of a tampon 棉塞填入法

tamponage /ˈtæmpənidʒ/ n.  = TAMPONADE 

tam-tam /ˈtæmtæm/ n.  a large metal gong 平锣 [Hindi: see TOM-TOM]

tan1 /tæn/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a brown skin colour resulting from exposure to ultraviolet light (因暴露于紫外光而使皮肤晒成的)棕黄色 2  a yellowish-brown colour 棕黄色，黄褐色 3  bark, esp. of oak, bruised and used to tan hides (栎树)鞣料树皮 4 (in full 全称 spent tan)  tan from which the tannic acid has been extracted, used for covering roads etc. (分离鞣酸后用来铺路的)鞣料渣 ●adj.  of a yellowish-brown colour 棕黄色的，黄褐色的 ●v. (tanned, tanning)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become brown by exposure to ultraviolet light (因暴露于紫外光而) (使)晒成棕黄色 2 tr.  convert (raw hide) into leather by soaking in a liquid containing tannic acid or by the use of mineral salts etc. 鞣(革)；用鞣酸将(兽皮)制成皮革 3 tr. slang [俚语]  beat, thrash 责打，鞭打 □ tannable  adj.  □ tanning  n.  □ tannish  adj.   [Old English tannian, probably from medieval Latin tanare, tannare, perhaps from Celtic]

tan2 /tæn/ abbr. [缩略]  tangent 

tanager /ˈtænədʒə/ n.  any small American bird of the subfamily Thraupinae, the male usu. having brightly coloured plumage 唐纳雀(产于美洲、体形较小的莺类鸟雀，其雄性通常羽色鲜亮) [modern Latin tanagra from Tupi tangarɑˊ]

tanbark /ˈtænbɑ:k/ n.  the bark of oak and other trees, used to obtain tannin (栎树等含有鞣质的)鞣料树皮

tandem /ˈtændəm/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  a bicycle or tricycle with two or more seats one behind another (前后纵列的)双人或多人自行车(三轮车) 2  a group of two persons or machines etc. with one behind or following the other (前后纵列的)两人小组或联挂式机器等 3  a carriage driven tandem (前后纵列的)双马联挂马车 ●adv.  with two or more horses harnessed one behind another (两匹或多匹马一前一后地)驾驶  drive tandem  将马前后串联着驾驶 □ in tandem   1  one behind another 一前一后地，纵列地 2  alongside each other, together 协同地，联合地 [Latin, = at length (of time), used punningly]

tandoor /ˈtændʊə, tænˈdʊə/ n.  a clay oven of a type used originally in northern India and Pakistan (源于印度北部和巴基斯坦的)泥炉 [Hindustani]

tandoori /tænˈdʊəri/ n.  food cooked over charcoal in a tandoor 泥炉炭火烹饪法 often 常作 attrib.: tandoori chicken  泥炉炭火烹饪的鸡肉 [Hindustani]

Tang /tæŋ/ n.  1  a dynasty ruling China 618 － 907 唐朝(公元 618 年至 907 年统治中国的朝代) 2 (作 attrib.)  designating art and artefacts of this period 唐朝的艺术及艺术品 [Chinese tɑˊng]

tang1 /tæŋ/ n.  1  a strong taste or flavour or smell 强烈味道(气味) 2  a characteristic quality 特性；特有风味 3  the projection on the blade of a tool, esp. a knife, by which the blade is held firm in the handle (尤指刀剑等插入柄中的)柄脚 [Middle English from Old Norse tange ‘point, tang of a knife’]

tang2 /tæŋ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  ring, clang; sound loudly 发出“嘡”的响声 ●n.  a tanging sound “嘡”的一声 [imitative]

tanga /ˈtæŋɡə/ n. Brit.  a pair of briefs consisting of small panels connected with strings [英] (由带子串连着小布块制成的)三角裤，短内裤 [Portuguese, ultimately of Bantu origin]

tangelo /ˈtæn(d)ʒələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a hybrid of the tangerine and grapefruit 橘柚树(一种由柑橘和柚子杂交的果树) [TANGERINE + POMELO]

tangent /ˈtæn(d)ʒ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a straight line, curve, or surface that meets another curve or curved surface at a point, but if extended does not intersect it at that point 切线；切线曲面；切面(指一条直线、弧线或弧面在某一点与另一弧线或弧面交汇，但如果继续延伸，不会在此点上再交汇) 2  the ratio of the sides (other than the hypotenuse) opposite and adjacent to an angle in a right-angled triangle 正切线(直角三角形的两直角边之比) ●adj.  1 (of a line or surface) that is a tangent (线或面)切线的；正切的；相切的 2  touching 接触的 □ at a tangent   diverging from a previous course of action or thought etc. (行动或思想等)偏离正题；突然转变  go off at a tangent  突然一下子就离开了□ tangency  n.   [Latin tangere tangent- ‘touch’]

tangent galvanometer n.  a galvanometer with a coil through which the current to be measured is passed, its strength being proportional to the tangent of the angle through which the needle is deflected 正切电流计(带有线圈的、用以测定电流的仪表，电流强度与电流针偏移时角度的正切线成正比)

tangential /tænˈdʒenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or along a tangent 切线的；切面的；正切的；相切的 2  divergent 分叉的；偏离的 3  peripheral 外围的，边缘的 □ tangentially  adv.  

tangerine /tæn(d)ʒəˈri:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a small sweet orange-coloured citrus fruit with a thin skin; a mandarin 柑橘(一种皮薄、味甜、呈橘黄色的小果实)；柑橘树 2  a deep orange-yellow colour 橘黄色；橘红色 ●adj.  of this colour 橘黄色的；橘红色的 [Tangier, a seaport in Morocco]

tangible /ˈtæn(d)ʒib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  perceptible by touch 可触摸的；可触知的；有形的 2  definite; clearly intelligible; not elusive or visionary 明确的；确凿的  tangible proof  确凿的证据 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a tangible thing, esp. an asset 有形体的东西(尤指有形资产) □ tangibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ tangibleness  n.  □ tangibly  /-bli/ adv.   [French tangible or Late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘touch’]

tangle1 /ˈtæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  intertwine (threads or hairs etc.) in a confused mass; entangle (使线、头发等)缠结；弄乱b intr.  become tangled 缠住 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with) colloq.  become involved (esp. in conflict or argument) with [口]使卷入；使陷入；牵涉(尤指冲突或争论)  don't tangle with me  别把我牵涉进去 3 tr.  complicate 使混乱；使困惑；使复杂  a tangled affair  一件弄复杂了的事情 ●n.  1  a confused mass of intertwined threads etc. 缠结的一团；乱糟糟的一堆 2  a confused or complicated state 纠结；纷乱；困惑  be in a tangle  处于混乱状况 a love tangle  爱的困惑 [Middle English, probably from Scandinavian]

tangle2 /ˈtæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  any of various seaweeds, esp. of the genus Laminaria 海藻(类) (尤指糖昆布藻类) [probably via Norwegian taangel from Old Norse thöngull]

tangly /ˈtæŋɡli/ adj. (tanglier, tangliest)  tangled 纠结的；乱糟糟的；错综复杂的

tango1 /ˈtæŋɡəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a slow ballroom dance originating in Buenos Aires, characterized by gliding movements and abrupt pauses 探戈舞(一种源于布宜诺斯艾利斯的舞厅舞，其特征是慢速滑动伴有急促停顿) 2  the music for this 探戈舞曲 ●v. intr. (-oes, -oed)  dance the tango 跳探戈舞 [Latin American Spanish]

tango2 /ˈtæŋɡəʊ/ n. & adj. Brit. [英] ●n.  a tangerine colour 橘黄色 ●adj.  of this colour 橘黄色的 [abbreviation, influenced by TANGO1]

tangram /ˈtænɡræm/ n.  a Chinese puzzle square cut into seven pieces to be combined into various figures (中国的)七巧板 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tangy /ˈtæŋi/ adj. (tangier, tangiest)  having a strong usu. piquant tang 有强烈味道的(通常指味道辛辣的) □ tanginess  n.  

tanh /tænˈeitʃ, tænʃ, θæn/ abbr.  hyperbolic tangent [缩略]双曲正切

tank /tæŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large receptacle or storage chamber usu. for liquid or gas 罐；槽；箱(常用来盛放液体或气体的大容器) 2  a heavy armoured fighting vehicle carrying guns and moving on a tracked carriage 坦克(一种带有枪炮、在履带上移动的重型装甲作战车) 3  a container for the fuel supply in a motor vehicle (汽车的)油箱 4  the part of a steam locomotive tender containing water for the boiler (蒸汽机车上的)水箱 5  a (in India and Australia) a reservoir (印度、澳大利亚的)水库b dial. esp. US  a pond [方] [尤美]水池；池塘 ●v.  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 常后跟 up)  fill the tank of (a vehicle etc.) with fuel 给(汽车等)装满燃料 2 colloq. [口]  a intr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  drink heavily; become drunk 大量喝酒；喝醉酒b tr. & refl. (often as 常作 tanked up adj.)  inebriate oneself with alcoholic drink or drugs (因酒或毒品)使喝醉；使飘飘然 □ tankful  n. (pl. -fuls)  □ tankless  adj.   [Gujurati tɑˉnkh etc., perhaps from Sanskrit tadɑˉga ‘pond’]

tanka /ˈtæŋkə/ n.  a Japanese poem in five lines and thirty-one syllables giving a complete picture of an event or mood 短歌(一种由 5 行、 31 个音节组成的可叙事亦可抒情的日本诗) [Japanese, from tan ‘short’ + ka ‘song’]

tankage /ˈtæŋkidʒ/ n.  1  a  storage in tanks 箱(罐、槽)储存b  a charge made for this 箱(罐、槽)储存费 2  the cubic content of a tank 箱(罐、槽)容量 3  a kind of fertilizer obtained from refuse bones etc. 箱装肥料(骨头等处理后的下脚料)

tankard /ˈtæŋkəd/ n.  1  a tall beer mug (esp. of silver or pewter) with a handle and sometimes a hinged lid (一种有柄和连盖的、尤其由银或锡镴制成的)大啤酒杯 2  the contents of or an amount held by a tankard 一大啤酒杯的容量  drank a tankard of ale  喝一大杯啤酒 [Middle English: origin unknown: cf. Middle Dutch tanckaert]

tank engine n.  a steam locomotive carrying fuel and water receptacles in its own frame, not in a tender 水箱蒸汽机车

tanker /ˈtæŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  a ship, aircraft, or road vehicle for carrying liquids, esp. mineral oils, in bulk (运送大量液体、尤指矿物油的)油船，油轮；油罐车；空中加油机 ●v. tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 in)  transport by tanker 用(油船、油罐车等)运送

tank-farming n.  the practice of growing plants in tanks of water without soil (在水箱中不用土栽培植物的)水栽法

tank top n.  a sleeveless close-fitting upper garment with a scoop neck (紧身)短背心

tanner1 /ˈtænə/ n.  a person who tans hides 鞣皮工，制革工

tanner2 /ˈtænə/ n. Brit. hist. slang  a sixpence [英史义] [俚语] 6 便士 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tannery /ˈtæn(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a place where hides are tanned 鞣皮厂，制革厂

tannic /ˈtænik/ adj.  of or produced from tan 鞣酸的；从鞣质中得到的 □ tannate  /-neit/ n.  丹宁酸盐，鞣酸盐 [French tannique (as TANNIN)]

tannic acid n.  a complex natural organic compound of a yellowish colour used as a mordant and astringent 丹宁酸，鞣酸(一种天然的有机化合物，略呈黄色，可用作酸洗剂和收敛剂)

tannin /ˈtænin/ n.  any of a group of complex organic compounds found in certain tree-barks and oak-galls, used in leather production and ink manufacture 丹宁，鞣质(在某些树皮和栎汁中发现的可用来制革和制墨的有机化合物) [French tanin (as TAN1, -IN)]

tannish  see 见 TAN1 

tannoy /ˈtænɔi/ n. Brit. propr.  a type of public address system [英] [商标]扩音系统；公共广播系统 [from tantalum alloy (rectifier)]

tanrec var.  of TENREC  TENREC 的变体

tansy /ˈtænzi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any plant of the genus Tanacetum, esp. T. vulgare with yellow button-like flowers and aromatic leaves, formerly used in medicines and cookery 艾菊(一种长有纽扣状黄色花朵和芳香叶子的植物，以前用于制药和烹调) [Middle English via Old French tanesie and medieval Latin athanasia ‘immortality’ from Greek]

tantalite /ˈtæntəlait/ n.  a rare dense black mineral, the principal source of the element tantalum 钽铁矿(稀有黑色矿物，是钽元素的主要来源) [German & Swedish tantalit (as TANTALUM)]

tantalize /ˈtæntəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  torment or tease by the sight or promise of what is unobtainable (用可望而不可及的东西)使受折磨；使受逗弄，使受愚弄 2  raise and then dash the hopes of; torment with disappointment (要给不给地)逗弄，惹弄；惹…着急 □ tantalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ tantalizer  n.  □ tantalizingly  adv.   [Greek Tantalos, the name of a mythical king of Phrygia condemned to stand in water that receded when he tried to drink it and under branches that drew back when he tried to pick the fruit]

tantalum /ˈtæntələm/ n. Chem.  a rare hard white metallic element occurring naturally in tantalite, resistant to heat and the action of acids, and used in surgery and for electronic components (symbol 符 Ta) 【化】(化学元素)钽(稀有白色硬金属元素，天然生于钽铁矿中，具有抗热性和不溶酸性，可用于外科手术和电子元件) □ tantalic  adj.   [formed as TANTALIZE, with reference to its frustrating insolubility in acids]

tantalus /ˈtæntələs/ n.  1 Brit.  a stand in which spirit-decanters may be locked up though still visible [英] (尽管可以看到但由于锁着而取不出酒来的)上锁透明酒柜 2  a wood ibis, Mycteria americana 鹳 [see TANTALIZE]

tantamount /ˈtæntəmaʊnt/ predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 to)  equivalent to 等同的，相当的  was tantamount to a denial  等同于否认 [via an obsolete English verb from Italian tanto montare ‘amount to so much’]

tantivy /tænˈtivi/ n. & adj. archaic [古义] ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a hunting cry 追猎时的叫喊声 2  a swift movement; a gallop or rush 疾驰，快跑；(骑马)飞奔 ●adj.  swift 迅速的；飞跑的 [17th c.: perhaps an imitative of hoof-beats]

tant mieux /tɒ˜ ˈmjɜ:, 法 tɑ˜ mjø/ int.  so much the better 再好不过了，太好啦 [French]

tant pis /tɒ˜ ˈpi:, 法 tɑ˜ pi/ int.  so much the worse 再糟糕不过了，真倒霉 [French]

tantra /ˈtæntrə/ n.  any of a class of Hindu or Buddhist mystical and magical writings (印度教或佛教的)密教经典 □ tantric  adj.  □ tantrism  n.  □ tantrist  n.   [Sanskrit, = loom, groundwork, doctrine, from tan ‘stretch’]

tantrum /ˈtæntrəm/ n.  an outburst of bad temper or petulance 发脾气  threw a tantrum  突然大发脾气 [18th c.: origin unknown]

Tanzania   坦桑尼亚

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ adj. & n.  坦桑尼亚的(人)

Taoiseach /ˈti:ʃəx/ n.  the Prime Minister of the Irish Republic (爱尔兰共和国的)总理 [Irish, = chief, leader]

Taoism /ˈtaʊiz(ə)m, ˈtɑ:əʊ-/ n.  a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Laoze (c. 500 BC), advocating humility and religious piety 道教(基于老子(约公元前 500 年)学说的中国哲学，主张谦卑、虔诚) □ Taoist  /-ist/ n.  □ Taoistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.   [Chinese dao ‘(right) way’]

tap1 /tæp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device by which a flow of liquid or gas from a pipe or vessel can be controlled (一种可以控制液体或气体从管子或器皿中流出的)龙头，阀门；塞子 2  a  an act of tapping a telephone etc. (电话线路上的)搭线窃听b  a device used for this 搭线窃听器 3 Brit.  a taproom [英]酒吧间 4  an instrument for cutting the thread of a female screw 螺丝攻 ●v. tr. (tapped, tapping)  1  a  provide (a cask) with a tap 给(桶)装上旋塞b  let out (a liquid) by means of, or as if by means of, a tap 旋开塞子放出(液体) 2  draw sap from (a tree) by cutting into it 在(树)上开切口取树液 3  a  obtain information or supplies or resources from 获取(信息)；利用(资源)b  extract or obtain; discover and exploit 开辟；开发  mineral resources to be tapped  有待开发的矿产资源 to tap the skills of young people  开发年轻人的技能 4  connect a listening device to (a telephone or telegraph line etc.) to listen to a call or transmission 搭线窃听(电话、电报等) 5  cut a female screw-thread in (用螺丝攻)刻螺纹 □ on tap   1  ready to be drawn off by tap 随时可旋开旋塞的 2 colloq.  ready for immediate use; freely available [口]可随时取用的□ tapless  adj.  □ tappable  adj.   [Old English tœppian (v.), tœppa (n.), from Germanic]

tap2 /tæp/ v. & n. ●v. (tapped, tapping)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on)  strike a gentle but audible blow (轻而有声地)拍击，敲打 2 tr.  strike lightly 轻拍  tapped me on the shoulder  轻拍我的肩膀 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 against etc.)  cause (a thing) to strike lightly 用(某物)轻轻扣击  tapped a stick against the window  用木棍轻叩窗户 4 intr.  = TAP-DANCEv.  can you tap?  你会跳踢跶舞吗？  5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  make a tap or taps 轻轻弹出，敲出  tapped out the rhythm  敲出节奏 ●n.  1  a  a light blow; a rap 轻拍，轻扣，轻敲b  the sound of this 轻拍(扣、敲)声  heard a tap at the door  听到敲门声 2  a  tap-dancing 踢跶舞  goes to tap classes  去踢跶舞学习班b  a piece of metal attached to the toe and heel of a tap-dancer's shoe to make the tapping sound (钉在踢跶舞鞋尖和跟部的)金属片 3 (in pl., usu. treated as sing. 用复数，但通常看作单数) US [美]  a  a bugle call for lights to be put out in army quarters (军营里的)熄灯号声b  a similar call sounded at a military funeral (声音类似的)葬礼军号声 □ tapper  n.   [Middle English tappe (imitative), perhaps via French taper]

tapa /ˈtɑ:pə/ n.  1  the bark of a paper-mulberry tree 构树皮 2  cloth made from this, used in the Pacific islands (太平洋岛屿地区使用的)构树皮布，塔帕纤维布 [Polynesian]

tapas /ˈtæpæs/ n. pl. (often 常作 attrib.)  small savoury dishes esp. in Spanish style (尤指西班牙风味的)餐前小吃 [Spanish]

tap-dance n. & v. ●n.  a dance or form of display dancing performed wearing shoes fitted with metal taps, with rhythmical tapping of the toes and heels 踢跶舞(穿着脚尖脚跟钉有金属小片的舞鞋，敲击出节奏的舞蹈) ●v. intr.  perform a tap-dance 跳踢跶舞 □ tap-dancer  n.  □ tap-dancing  n.  

tape /teip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narrow strip of woven material for tying up, fastening, etc. 带子，线带，窄带 2  a  a strip of material stretched across the finishing line of a race (赛跑时拉在终点的)终点线b  a similar strip for marking off an area or forming a notional barrier (划定某一地区或标出某一界限的)标志线 3 (in full 全称 adhesive tape)  a strip of opaque or transparent paper or plastic etc., esp. coated with adhesive for fastening, sticking, masking, insulating, etc. (尤指涂有黏剂用来系紧、黏贴、遮蔽、绝缘等的)胶带；透明胶纸；胶布；绝缘胶布 4  a  long narrow flexible material with magnetic properties used for recording sound or pictures or data (有磁性、用来录音或录像的)磁带，录音带，录像带b  a length, reel, or cassette of this 磁带带子c  a recording on this 磁带录音(录像) 5  = TAPE-MEASURE  ●v. tr.  1  a  tie up or join etc. with tape (用带子)系，捆或连接b  apply tape to 贴胶带于 2 (foll. by 后跟 off)  seal or mark off an area or thing with tape (用胶布)封住；(用带子)划出 3  record on magnetic tape (在磁带上)录制 4  measure with tape (用带子)丈量 □ breast the tape  Brit.  win a race [英] (赛跑中)冲刺撞线，赢得第一□ have (or get) a person or thing taped  Brit. colloq.  understand a person or thing fully [英口]摸清某人或某事的底细，彻底了解某人或某事的情况□ on tape   recorded on magnetic tape 录制在磁带上的□ tapeable  adj. (esp. in sense 3 of v. 尤用于动词释义 3)   [Old English tœppa, tœppe, of unknown origin]

tape deck n.  a piece of equipment for playing audiotapes, esp. as part of a stereo system (尤指立体声音响系统中的)磁带驱动器

tape machine n.  a machine for receiving and recording telegraph 电报自动收录机

tape-measure n.  a strip of tape or thin flexible metal marked for measuring lengths 带尺，卷尺(一种薄而能伸缩的、标有刻度用以测量长度的金属带子)

taper /ˈteipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wick coated with wax etc. for conveying a flame (涂有蜡的、用来点火的)烛心，点火油绳 2  a slender candle 细支小蜡烛 ●v. (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  1 intr. & tr.  diminish or reduce in thickness towards one end (使…)向一端逐渐变细的 2 tr. & intr.  make or become gradually less (使…)逐渐减少(或变弱) [Old English tapur, -or, -er ‘wax candle’, from Latin PAPYRUS, whose pith was used for candle-wicks]

tape recorder n.  apparatus for recording sounds on magnetic tape and afterwards reproducing them 磁带录音机(录放机) □ tape-record  v. tr.  □ tape recording  n.  

taperer /ˈteip(ə)rə/ n.  a person carrying a taper in a religious ceremony (宗教仪式中的)手持小蜡烛者

tapestry /ˈtæpistri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a thick textile fabric in which coloured weft threads are woven to form pictures or designs (用彩色纬线织成各种图案的)挂毯，墙毡b  embroidery imitating this, usu. in wools on canvas (模仿挂毯图案、通常在帆布上刺的)绒绣，织锦c  a piece of such embroidery 绒绣品，织锦品 2  events or circumstances etc. compared with a tapestry in being intricate, interwoven, etc. (如挂毯图案般)构思精巧的事件画面(或情景)  life's rich tapestry  生活的丰富多彩 □ tapestried  adj.   [Middle English, alteration of tapissery via Old French tapisserie from tapissier ‘tapestry worker’ or tapisser ‘to carpet’, from tapis: see TAPIS]

tapetum /təˈpi:təm/ n.  a light-reflecting part of the choroid membrane in the eyes of certain mammals, e.g. cats (某些哺乳动物，如猫眼睛中的)反光组织，照膜，毯 [Late Latin from Latin tapete ‘carpet’]

tapeworm /ˈteipwɜ:m/ n.  any parasitic flatworm of the class Cestoda, the adult of which lives in the intestines and has a long ribbon-like body with many segments and a small head or scolex 绦虫(一种长条形、躯体多节段、头节尖小的肠寄生虫)

taphonomy /tæˈfɒnəmi/ n.  the science concerned with the process of fossilization 化石学(有关化石形成的学科) □ taphonomic  /-fəˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ taphonomist  n.   [Greek taphos ‘grave’ + -NOMY]

tap-in n.  a close-range shot requiring little force, esp. into the goal in football (尤指足球赛中射门时的)轻拨，轻拨入网

tapioca /tæpiˈəʊkə/ n.  a starchy substance in hard white grains obtained from cassava and used for puddings etc. 木薯淀粉(取自木薯，可用来做布丁等食品的白色硬颗粒状的淀粉物质) [Tupi-Guarani tipioca, from tipi ‘dregs’ + og, ok ‘squeeze out’]

tapir /ˈteipə, -iə/ n.  any nocturnal hoofed mammal of the genus Tapirus, native to Central and S. America and Malaysia, having a short flexible protruding snout used for feeding on vegetation 貘(一种产于中美洲、南美洲和马来西亚的有蹄夜行哺乳动物，有着短而灵活的鼻子，以植物为食) □ tapiroid  adj. & n.   [Spanish and Portuguese, from Tupi tapira]

tapis /ˈtæpi:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a covering or tapestry 桌毯；帷幕；挂毯 □ on the tapis  (of a subject) under consideration or discussion (某一议题)正在审议中；正在讨论中 [Middle English via Old French tapiz and Late Latin tapetium from Greek tapētion, diminutive of tapēs tapētos ‘tapestry’]

tapotement /təˈpəʊtm(ə)nt/ n. Med.  rapid and repeated striking of the body as massage treatment 【医】(快速而反复敲击身体的)轻扣按摩法 [French from tapoter ‘tap’]

tapper  see 见 TAP2 

tappet /ˈtæpit/ n.  a lever or projecting part used in machinery to give intermittent motion, often in conjunction with a cam 推杆，挺杆(用来推动机器作间歇运动，通常与凸轮连在一起的) [apparently from TAP2 + -ET1]

taproom /ˈtæpru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in which alcoholic drinks (esp. beer) are available on tap (可以通过旋开龙头直接取用酒水、尤其是啤酒的)酒吧间

tap root n.  a tapering root growing vertically downwards (垂直向下长的)直根，主根

tapster /ˈtæpstə/ n.  a person who draws and serves alcoholic drinks at a bar 酒吧间招待员 [Old English tœppestre originally fem (as TAP1, -STER)]

tapu /ˈtɑ:pu:/ n. & adj. NZ [新]  = TABOO  [Maori]

tap water n.  water from a piped supply 自来水

tar1 /tɑ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dark thick inflammable liquid distilled from wood or coal etc. and used as a preservative of wood and iron, in making roads, as an antiseptic, etc. 沥青，柏油(取自于木材或煤炭的黑色浓稠的易燃液体，可用于防腐、铺路、抗菌等) 2  a similar substance formed in the combustion of tobacco etc. (烟草等燃烧过程中形成的)烟碱，焦油 ●v. tr. (tarred, tarring)  cover with tar 用焦油(柏油)覆盖(涂抹) □ tar and feather   smear with tar and then cover with feathers as a punishment 给人浑身涂上柏油并粘上羽毛以示惩罚，严惩□ tarred with the same brush   having the same faults 有同样缺陷，是一路货色 [Old English te(o)ru from Germanic: related to TREE]

tar2 /tɑ:/ n. colloq.  a sailor [口]水手，海员 [abbreviation of TARPAULIN]

ta-ra /təˈrɑ:/ int. esp. N. Engl. colloq.  goodbye [尤英格兰北部] [口]再会 [variant of TA-TA]

taradiddle /ˈtærədid(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 tarradiddle) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  a petty lie 小谎，微不足道的谎话 2  pretentious nonsense 废话；大话 [18th c.: perhaps related to DIDDLE]

tarakihi /tærəˈki:hi, tærəˈki:/ n. (also 亦作 terakihi)  a silver fish, Cheilodactylus macropterus, with a black band behind the head, caught for food off New Zealand coasts 唇指鲈(产于新西兰近海、头后面有黑色条纹的食用鱼) [Maori]

taramasalata /tærəməsəˈlɑ:tə/ n. (also 亦作 tarama /ˈtærəmə/)  a pinkish pɑˆté made from the roe of mullet or other fish with olive oil, seasoning, etc. 红鱼子泥色拉(由橄榄油和其他调料拌匀而成的开胃凉菜) [modern Greek taramas ‘roe’ (from Turkish tarama) + salata SALAD]

tarantass /tær(ə)nˈtæs/ n.  a springless four-wheeled Russian vehicle (俄罗斯的)四轮马车 [Russian tarantas]

tarantella /tær(ə)nˈtelə/ n. (also 亦作 tarantelle /-ˈtel/)  1  a rapid whirling dance of southern Italy 塔兰台拉舞(意大利南部一种快速旋转的民间舞) 2  the music for this 塔兰台拉舞曲 [Italian, from Taranto, a town in S. Italy, after which the tarantula is also named (because the dance was once thought to be a cure for a tarantula bite): cf. TARANTISM]

tarantism /ˈtær(ə)ntiz(ə)m/ n. hist.  dancing mania, esp. that originating in southern Italy among those who had (actually or supposedly) been bitten by a tarantula [史义]舞蹈症(尤指源于意大利南部的一种舞蹈症，据说是被塔兰图拉毒蜘蛛咬后所致) [modern Latin tarantismus, Italian tarantismo from Taranto Latin Tarentum, a town in southern Italy]

tarantula /təˈræntjʊlə/ n.  1  any large hairy tropical spider of the family Theraphosidae (热带地区的)多毛大蜘蛛 2  a large black S. European spider, Lycosa tarentula, whose bite was formerly held to cause tarantism (南欧的一种)大黑蜘蛛(过去以为被它咬后会引起塔兰图拉舞蹈症) [medieval Latin from Italian tarantola (as TARANTISM)]

taraxacum /təˈræksəkəm/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Taraxacum (daisy family), including the dandelion 蒲公英(菊科植物) 2  a tonic etc. prepared from the dried roots of this 药用蒲公英干根 [medieval Latin from Arabic ṭarakšaḳūk, from Persian talk ‘bitter’ + chakūk ‘purslane’]

tarboosh /tɑ:ˈbu:ʃ/ n.  a cap like a fez, sometimes worn as part of a turban 塔布什帽(穆斯林教徒有时戴的圆形无边毡帽) [Egyptian Arabic ṭarbūš, ultimately from Persian sar-būš ‘head covering’]

Tardenoisian /tɑ:diˈnɔiziən/ adj. & n. Archaeol. 【考古】  ●adj.  of or relating to a late mesolithic culture of W. and central Europe 塔登努阿文化的(西欧和中欧中石器时代文化) ●n.  this culture 塔登努阿文化 [Tardenois in NE France, where remains of it were found]

tardigrade /ˈtɑ:diɡreid/ n. & adj. ●n.  any minute freshwater animal of the phylum Tardigrada, having a short plump body and four pairs of short legs Also called 亦称作 WATER BEAR 缓步类动物(一种体态圆胖、长有 4 对短腿的淡水动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this phylum 缓步类动物的 [French tardigrade from Latin tardigradus, from tardus ‘slow’ + gradi ‘walk’]

tardy /ˈtɑ:di/ adj. (tardier, tardiest)  1  slow to act or come or happen 慢的；行动迟缓的 2  delaying or delayed beyond the right or expected time 拖延的；迟到的，不准时的 □ tardily  adv.  □ tardiness  n.   [French tardif, tardive, ultimately from Latin tardus ‘slow’]

tare1 /tɛə/ n.  1  vetch, esp. as corn-weed or fodder 巢菜，野豌豆；(尤指谷物的)秣，稗子 2 (in pl. 用复数) Bibl.  an injurious weed resembling corn when young (Matt. 13:24-30) 【圣经】(似谷物幼株时的)有毒杂草(《马太福音》 13:24 － 30) [Middle English: origin unknown]

tare2 /tɛə/ n.  1  an allowance made for the weight of the packing or wrapping around goods (物品所允许的)包装重量 2  the weight of a motor vehicle without its fuel or load (汽车的)空载重量，车身自重 [Middle English from French, = deficiency, tare, via medieval Latin tara from Arabic tarha ‘what is rejected’, from taraha ‘reject’]

tare and tret n.  the arithmetical rule for computing the net weight of goods 净重计算法，扣除皮重计算法

targa /ˈtɑ:ɡə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a type of convertible sports car with a roof hood or panel that can be removed, esp. leaving a central roll bar for passenger safety (一种顶篷可以拆去、尤其为了乘客安全可以从车身中部脱开的)拆篷汽车  targa roof  可拆篷顶 targa model  敞篷式 [Italian, = shield, originally the name of a model of Porsche, probably named after the Targa Florio, a race held annually in Sicily]

targe /tɑ:dʒ/ n. archaic [古义]  = TARGETn. 5  [Middle English from Old French]

target /ˈtɑ:ɡit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mark or point fired or aimed at, esp. a round or rectangular object marked with concentric circles (用来开火或瞄准的)靶，靶子(尤指标有向心环圈的圆形或矩形物体) 2  a person or thing aimed at, or exposed to gunfire etc. (被瞄准或被炮火攻击的)目标  they were an easy target  他们是容易击中的目标 3 (also 亦作 attrib.)  an objective or result aimed at (预定的)目标；指标  our export targets  我们的出口指标 target date  指定日期 4  a person or thing against whom criticism, abuse, etc., is or may be directed (批评、嘲笑等的)目标，对象 5 archaic  a shield or buckler, esp. a small round one [古义]小圆盾 ●v. tr. (targeted, targeting or Brit. [英] targetted, targetting)  1  identify or single out (a person or thing) as an object of attention or attack 把(某人或某物)作为注意(或攻击)的目标 2  aim or direct 把…对准；为…指引目标  missiles targeted on major cities  瞄准各大城市的导弹 should target our efforts where needed  应该把我们的努力用在需要的地方 □ targetable  adj.   [Middle English, diminutive of Middle English and Old French targe ‘shield’]

tariff /ˈtærif/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a table of fixed charges 收费表，价目表  a hotel tariff  旅馆价目表 2  a  a duty on a particular class of imports or exports 关税；税率b  a list of duties or customs to be paid 关税表 3 Brit.  standard charges agreed between insurers etc. [英] (保险等的)协定费 ●v. tr.  subject (goods) to a tariff 对(货物)征收关税 [French tarif via Italian tariffa and Turkish tarife from Arabic taˈrīf(a), from ˈarrafa ‘notify’]

tarlatan /ˈtɑ:lətən/ n.  a thin stiff open-weave muslin 塔勒坦布(重浆网状织物) [French tarlatane, probably of Indian origin]

tarmac /ˈtɑ:mæk/ n. & v. ●n. propr.  1  = TARMACADAM  2  a surface made of this, e.g. a runway 柏油碎石路面(如飞机跑道) ●v. tr. (tarmacked, tarmacking)  apply tarmacadam to 给…铺柏油碎石 [abbreviation]

tarmacadam /tɑ:məˈkædəm/ n.  a material of stone or slag bound with tar, used in paving roads etc. (铺路等用的)柏油碎石 [TAR1 + MACADAM]

tarn /tɑ:n/ n.  a small mountain lake 山中小湖 [Middle English terne, tarne from Old Norse]

tarnish /ˈtɑ:niʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  lessen or destroy the lustre of (metal etc.) 使(金属等)失去光泽，变色 2 tr.  impair (one's reputation etc.) 玷污，败坏(名声等) 3 intr. (of metal etc.) lose lustre (金属等)失去光泽 ●n.  1  a  a loss of lustre 失泽；光泽变暗b  a film of colour formed on an exposed surface of a mineral or metal (矿物或金属表面的)失泽膜 2  a blemish; a stain 污点；疤点 □ tarnishable  adj.   [French ternir from terne ‘dark’]

taro /ˈtɑ:rəʊ, ˈtærəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a tropical aroid plant, Colocasia esculenta, with tuberous roots used as food Also called 亦称作 EDDO 芋；芋头(热带天南星科植物，其块根可食用) [Polynesian]

tarot /ˈtærəʊ/ n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  any of several games played with a pack of cards having five suits, the last of which is a set of permanent trumps 塔罗纸牌游戏b  a similar pack used in fortune-telling (算命用的)有图纸牌 2  a  any of the trump cards 王牌纸牌b  any of the cards from a fortune-telling pack (任何一张)有图纸牌 [French tarot, Italian tarocchi, of unknown origin]

tarp /tɑ:p/ n. N. Amer. & Austral. colloq.  tarpaulin [北美澳口]柏油帆布，(防水)油布 [abbreviation]

tarpan /ˈtɑ:pæn/ n.  an extinct N. European primitive wild horse (一种已灭绝的)北欧野马 [Kyrgyz]

tarpaulin /tɑ:ˈpɔ:lin/ n.  1  heavy-duty waterproof cloth, originally of tarred canvas 柏油帆布，(防水)油布 2  a sheet or covering of this 帆布篷 3  a  a sailor's tarred or oilskin hat (水手的)雨帽b archaic  a sailor [古义]水手，海员 [probably from TAR1 + PALL1 + -ING1]

tarpon /ˈtɑ:pɒn/ n.  1  a large silvery fish, Tarpon atlanticus, common in the tropical Atlantic 大西洋大海鲢(在热带大西洋常见的银色大鱼) 2  a similar fish, Megalops cyprinoides, of the Pacific ocean (太平洋的)大海鲢 [Dutch tarpoen, of unknown origin]

tarradiddle var.  of TARADIDDLE  TARADIDDLE 的变体

tarragon /ˈtærəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a bushy herb, Artemisia dracunculus, with leaves used to flavour salads, stuffings, vinegar, etc. 龙蒿(灌木草本植物，其叶可用来给沙拉、馅料、醋等调味加香) [= medieval Latin tarchon from medieval Greek tarkhōn, perhaps via Arabic from Greek drakōn ‘dragon’]

tarras var.  of TRASS  TRASS 的变体

tarry1 /ˈtɑ:ri/ adj. (tarrier, tarriest)  of or like or smeared with tar 柏油的；涂柏油的；被柏油弄脏的 □ tarriness  n.  

tarry2 /ˈtæri/ v. intr. (-ies, -ied) archaic  delay, linger, stay, wait [古义]耽搁；延误；停留；等候 □ tarrier  n.   [Middle English: origin uncertain]

tarsal /ˈtɑ:s(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the bones in the ankle (脚踝里的)跗骨的 ●n.  a tarsal bone 跗骨 [TARSUS + -AL]

tar sand n. Geol.  a deposit of sand impregnated with bitumen 【地质】沥青砂

tarsi pl.  of TARSUS  

tarsi- /ˈtɑ:si/ comb. form (also 亦作 tarso- /ˈtɑ:səʊ/)  tarsus [构词成分]跗骨；踝

tarsier /ˈtɑ:siə/ n.  any small large-eyed arboreal nocturnal primate of the genus Tarsius, native to Borneo, the Philippines, etc., with a long tail and long hind legs used for leaping from tree to tree 跗猴，眼镜猴(婆罗洲、菲律宾等地的一种体小眼大的、生活在树上的夜行灵长目猴子，其长尾、长后腿使其能在树木间腾跳自如) [French (as TARSUS), from the structure of its foot]

tarso- comb. form var.  of TARSI- [构词成分] TARSI- 的变体

tarsus /ˈtɑ:səs/ n. (pl. tarsi /-sai, -si:/)  1  a Anat.  the group of bones forming the ankle and upper foot 【解】跗骨；踝b Zool.  the shank of a bird's leg 【动】(鸟的)跗跖骨 2 Zool.  the fifth joint of the leg in insects, usu. of several small segments, ending in a claw 【动】跗节(昆虫爪子上端的小段节) 3 Anat.  the fibrous connective tissue of the eyelid 【解】睑板(眼睑的纤维连接组织) [modern Latin from Greek tarsos ‘flat of the foot, rim of the eyelid’]

tart1 /tɑ:t/ n.  1  an open pastry case containing jam etc. (装有果酱等的)馅盒饼 2 esp. Brit.  a pie with a fruit or sweet filling [尤英]果馅饼 □ tartlet  n.  小果馅饼 [Middle English from Old French tarte = medieval Latin tarta, of unknown origin]

tart2 /tɑ:t/ n. & v. ●n. slang [俚语]  1  a prostitute; a promiscuous woman 妓女；放荡女人 2 slang offens.  a girl or woman [俚语] [冒犯]少女；女人 ●v. (foll. by 后跟 up) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1 tr. (usu. 常作 refl.)  smarten (oneself or a thing) up, esp. flashily or gaudily 把(自己或物)装扮得刺眼或俗气 2 intr.  dress up gaudily 打扮得很妖冶 [probably abbreviation of SWEETHEART]

tart3 /tɑ:t/ adj.  1  sharp or acid in taste (味道)酸的；辛辣的 2 (of a remark etc.) cutting, bitter (说话等)尖刻的；讥刺的 □ tartly  adv.  □ tartness  n.   [Old English teart, of unknown origin]

tartan1 /ˈtɑ:t(ə)n/ n.  1  a pattern of coloured stripes crossing at right angles, esp. the distinctive plaid worn by Scottish Highlanders to denote their clan 格子花纹(尤指高地苏格兰人穿的一种方格花纹织物) 2  woollen etc. cloth woven in this pattern 格子呢 often 常作 attrib.: a tartan scarf  格子呢围巾 [perhaps from Old French tertaine, tiretaine, a kind of cloth]

tartan2 /ˈtɑ:t(ə)n/ n.  a lateen-sailed single-masted ship used in the Mediterranean (航行在地中海的)单桅帆船 [French tartane from Italian tartana, perhaps from Arabic tarīda]

Tartar /ˈtɑ:tə/ n. & adj. (also Tatar except in sense 2 of n. 亦作 Tatar ，名词释义 2 除外) ●n.  1  a  a member of a group of central Asian peoples including Mongols and Turks 鞑靼人(生活在中亚的一些民族，包括蒙古人和土耳其人)b  the Turkic language of these peoples 鞑靼语 2 (作 tartar)  a violent-tempered or intractable person 脾气暴烈的人；凶悍的人 ●adj.  1  of or relating to the Tartars or their language 鞑靼人的；鞑靼语的 2  of or relating to central Asia east of the Caspian Sea (里海以东)中亚地区的 □ Tartarian  /-ˈtɛəriən/ adj.   [Middle English tartre from Old French Tartare or medieval Latin Tartarus]

tartar /ˈtɑ:tə/ n.  1  a hard deposit of saliva, calcium phosphate, etc., that forms on the teeth 牙石，牙垢(牙齿上的唾液、磷酸钙等积淀物) 2  a deposit of acid potassium tartrate that forms a hard crust on the inside of a cask during the fermentation of wine See also 另见 CREAM OF TARTAR 酒石，酒石酸氢钾 □ tartarize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via medieval Latin from medieval Greek tartaron]

tartare /tɑ:ˈtɑ:/ adj. (in full 全称 sauce tartare)  = TARTARE SAUCE  [French, = tartar]

tartar emetic n.  potassium antimony tartrate, a toxic compound used formerly as an emetic, and now in treating protozoal disease in animals and as a mordant in dyeing 吐酒石，酒石酸氧锑钾(一种毒性化合物，以前曾用作催吐药，现在用来治疗动物的原生疾病，也用作染料中的媒染剂)

tartare sauce n. (also 亦作 tartar sauce)  a sauce of mayonnaise and chopped gherkins, capers, etc. 鞑靼沙司，蛋黄沙司(一种由蛋黄酱、泡小黄瓜和刺山果调制成的沙司)

tartaric /tɑ:ˈtærik/ adj. Chem.  of or produced from tartar 【化】酒石(酸)的；从酒石(酸)中制得的 [French tartarique from medieval Latin tartarum: see TARTAR]

tartaric acid n.  a natural carboxylic acid found esp. in unripe grapes, used in baking powders and as a food additive 酒石酸(一种尤其在未成熟葡萄中发现的天然羧酸，可用于制焙烤粉和用作食品添加剂)

Tartarus /ˈtɑ:t(ə)rəs/ n. (in Greek mythology) a place of punishment in the underworld where the Titans were imprisoned (希腊神话中的)塔尔塔罗斯(泰坦众巨神被囚禁的阴间) □ Tartarean  /-ˈtɛəriən/ adj.   [Latin from Greek Tartaros]

tartrate /ˈtɑ:treit/ n. Chem.  any salt or ester of tartaric acid 【化】酒石酸盐(或酯) [French (as TARTAR, -ATE1)]

tartrazine /ˈtɑ:trəzi:n/ n. Chem.  a brilliant yellow dye derived from tartaric acid and used to colour food, drugs, and cosmetics 【化】酒石黄(一种源于酒石酸的发亮的黄色染料，可用来给食品、药品和化妆品着色) [as TARTAR + AZO- + -INE4]

tarty /ˈtɑ:ti/ adj. (tartier, tartiest) colloq. (esp. of a woman) vulgarly provocative; gaudy; promiscuous [口] (尤指女子)俗艳的；妖冶的；放荡的 □ tartily  adv.  □ tartiness  n.   [TART2 + -Y1]

Tarzan /ˈtɑ:z(ə)n/ n.  a man of great agility and powerful physique 泰山，人猿泰山(指动作敏捷、体大有力的男子) [name of the hero of stories by E. R. Burroughs, American writer d. 1950]

Tas. abbr.  Tasmania [缩略]塔斯马尼亚

tash /tæʃ/ n. (also 亦作 tache) colloq.  a moustache [口]小胡子 [abbreviation]

Tashi Lama /ˈtæʃi ˌlɑ:mə/ n.  = PANCHEN LAMA 

task /tɑ:sk/ n. & v. ●n.  a piece of work to be done or undertaken (派定去从事的)工作，任务 ●v. tr.  1  make great demands on (a person's powers etc.) 竭尽(某人的力量等)；使过于费力 2  assign a task to 分派任务给… □ take to task   rebuke, scold 责备，申斥 [Middle English from Old Norman French tasque = Old French tasche from medieval Latin tasca, perhaps via taxa from Latin taxare TAX]

task force n. (also 亦作 task group)  1 Mil.  an armed force organized for a special operation 【军】(为某一特殊任务而组建的)特遣部队，先遣部队 2  a unit specially organized for a task 特别工作小组

taskmaster /ˈtɑ:skmɑ:stə/ n. (fem. taskmistress /-mistris/)  a person who imposes a task or burden, esp. regularly or severely (尤指严厉地强迫别人完成重任的)工头，监工

Tasmania /tæzˈmeiniə/ n.  塔斯马尼亚岛 [澳大利亚一地区]

Tasmanian /tæzˈmeiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native of Tasmania, an island state of Australia 塔斯马尼亚(澳大利亚东南部一岛屿州)人 2  a person of Tasmanian descent 塔斯马尼亚后裔 ●adj.  of or relating to Tasmania 塔斯马尼亚的；塔斯马尼亚人的

Tasmanian devil n.  a small bearlike nocturnal flesh-eating marsupial, Sarcophilus harrisii, now found only in Tasmania 袋獾(一种体形小、酷似熊的夜行食肉有袋动物，现仅存于塔斯马尼亚岛)

Tasmanian wolf n. (also 亦作 Tasmanian tiger)  = THYLACINE 

Tass /tæs/ n.  the official news agency of the former Soviet Union, renamed ITAR-Tass in 1992 塔斯社(前苏联的官方新闻社， 1992 年重新命名为“伊塔－塔斯社”) [the initials of Russian Telegrafnoe agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza ‘Telegraphic Agency of the Soviet Union’]

tass /tæs/ n. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  a cup or small goblet (一种小的)酒杯 2  a small draught of brandy etc. 一小杯(白兰地酒等) [Middle English via Old French tasse ‘cup’ and Arabic tɑˉsa ‘basin’ from Persian tast]

tassel1 /ˈtæs(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a tuft of loosely hanging threads or cords etc. attached for decoration to a cushion, scarf, cap, etc. (用以装饰软垫、围巾或帽子等物的)缨，绶，穗，垂花，流苏 2  a tassel-like head of some plants, esp. a flower head with prominent stamens at the top of a maize stalk (植物的)穗(尤指玉米的穗状雄花) ●v. (tasselled, tasselling; US [美] tasseled, tasseling)  1 tr.  provide with a tassel or tassels 用穗装饰 2 intr. N. Amer. (of maize etc.) form tassels [北美] (玉米等的)抽穗 [Middle English from Old French tas(s)el ‘clasp’, of unknown origin]

tassel2 /ˈtæs(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 torsel /ˈtɔ:-/)  a small piece of stone, wood, etc., supporting the end of a beam or joist 承梁石；承梁木 [Old French, ultimately from Latin taxillus ‘small die’, and tessella: see TESSELLATE]

tassie /ˈtæsi/ n. Sc.  a small cup [苏格兰]小酒杯

taste /teist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the sensation characteristic of a soluble substance caused in the mouth and throat by contact with that substance 味道，滋味(口和喉中因与可溶性物质相接触而产生的感觉)  disliked the taste of garlic  不喜欢大蒜的味道b  the faculty of perceiving this sensation 味觉  was bitter to the taste  味道感觉是苦的 2  a small portion of food or drink taken as a sample (对食品或饮料少量的)品味，品尝 3  a slight experience 感受；体会  a taste of success  尝到成功的滋味 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  a liking or predilection 爱好；趣味  has expensive tastes  趣味很高 is not to my taste  不合我的趣味 5  aesthetic discernment in art, literature, conduct, etc., esp. of a specified kind (尤指对艺术、文学、行为表现等的)审美力，鉴赏力  a person of taste  一个很有鉴赏力的人 dresses in poor taste  穿着没有品味 ●v.  1 tr.  sample or test the flavour of (food etc.) by taking it into the mouth 尝，品尝，品尝(食品等)的味道 2 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  perceive the flavour of 察觉(或辨出)…的味道  could taste the lemon  能辨出柠檬的味道 cannot taste with a cold  因感冒而尝不出味道 3 tr. (esp. with neg. 尤用于否定句)  eat or drink a small portion of (少量地)吃，喝  had not tasted food for days  有好几天没吃东西了 4 tr.  have experience of 经历，经受；体验  had never tasted failure  从未经历过失败 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  have a specified flavour 有特定味道  tastes bitter  有苦味 tastes of onions  有葱的味道 □ a bad (or bitter etc.) taste  colloq.  a strong feeling of regret or unease following an experience etc. [口]令人不快的余味；坏印象□ taste blood   see 见 BLOOD □ to taste   in the amount needed for a pleasing result 酌量，加到合适的口味  add salt and pepper to taste  适量加盐和胡椒粉□ tasteable  adj. (also 亦作 tastable)   [Middle English, = touch, taste, from Old French tast, taster ‘touch, try, taste’, ultimately perhaps from Latin tangere ‘touch’, + gustare ‘taste’]

taste bud n.  any of the cells or nerve endings on the surface of the tongue by which things are tasted 味蕾(指舌头表面品尝味道的细胞或神经末梢)

tasteful /ˈteis(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  having, or done in, good taste 有鉴赏能力的；趣味高雅的 □ tastefully  adv.  □ tastefulness  n.  

tasteless /ˈteis(t)lis/ adj.  1  lacking flavour 无味的，不可口的 2  having, or done in, bad taste 不雅致的，不得体的；庸俗的 □ tastelessly  adv.  □ tastelessness  n.  

taster /ˈteistə/ n.  1  a person employed to test food or drink by tasting it, esp. for quality or hist. to detect poisoning (尤指专门品尝食品或饮料以鉴定其质量的)品味者，品尝者；[史义] (指为防下毒而设的)试食员 2  a small cup used by a wine taster (品酒者用的)小酒杯 3  an instrument for extracting a small sample from within a cheese (从奶酪等内部提取试味样品的)试味取样器 4  a sample of something offered (食品等的)小样 [Middle English from Anglo-French tastour, Old French tasteur, from taster: see TASTE]

tasting /ˈteistiŋ/ n.  a gathering at which food or drink (esp. wine) is tasted and evaluated 品酒集会

tasty /ˈteisti/ adj. (tastier, tastiest)  1 (of food) pleasing in flavour; appetizing (指食品)美味的；可口的 2 colloq. [口]  attractive 吸引人的 □ tastily  adv.  □ tastiness  n.  

tat1 /tæt/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a  tatty or tasteless clothes; worthless goods 破烂(的衣衫)；破烂而不值钱(的东西)b  rubbish, junk 垃圾；废物 2  a shabby person 衣衫破烂的人 [probably back-formation from TATTY]

tat2 /tæt/ v. (tatted, tatting)  1 intr.  do tatting 轻拍，轻击 2 tr.  make by tatting 用梭织法编织 [back-formation from TATTING]

tat3  see 见 TIT2 

ta-ta /tæˈtɑ:/ int. esp. Brit. colloq.  goodbye [尤英口]再见 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tatami /təˈtɑ:mi/ n. (in full 全称 tatami mat)  a rush-covered straw mat forming a traditional Japanese floor covering 榻榻米(日本人铺在地板上的一种传统草垫)

Tatar var.  of TARTAR  TARTAR 的变体

tater /ˈteitə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] tatie /-ti/) colloq. [口]  = POTATO  [abbreviation]

tatter /ˈtætə/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a rag; an irregularly torn piece of cloth or paper etc. 破布；碎纸片 □ in tatters  colloq. [口]  1  torn in many places 破破烂烂，破旧不堪 2 (of a negotiation, argument, etc.) ruined, demolished (谈判、辩论等)彻底失败，被粉碎，被驳倒□ tattery  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse tötrar ‘rags’]

tattered /ˈtætəd/ adj.  = in tatters (see 见 TATTER) 

tattersall /ˈtætəs(ə)l, -sɔ:l/ n. (in full 全称 tattersall check)  a fabric with a pattern of coloured lines forming squares like a tartan 塔特萨尔花格呢 [named after R. Tattersall, English horseman d. 1795: from the traditional design of horse blankets]

tattie /ˈtæti/ n. colloq. [口]  = POTATO  [abbreviation]

tatting /ˈtætiŋ/ n.  1  a kind of knotted lace made by hand with a small shuttle and used for trimming etc. 梭结花边 2  the process of making this 梭结法 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tattle /ˈtæt(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  prattle, chatter; gossip idly 喋喋不休地谈论；饶舌 2 tr.  utter (words) idly 闲谈，空谈 ●n.  gossip; idle or trivial talk 饶舌；闲谈，空话 [Middle English from Middle Flemish tatelen, tateren (imitative)]

tattler /ˈtætlə/ n.  a prattler; a gossip 喋喋不休的人；爱说长道短的人

tattle-tale n. N. Amer.  a tell-tale, esp. a child [北美]泄露秘密的人；搬弄是非的人(尤指小孩)

tattoo1 /tæˈtu:/ n. (pl. tattoos)  1  an evening drum or bugle signal recalling soldiers to their quarters (夜间击鼓或吹号以命令士兵回营的)归营号 2  an elaboration of this with music and marching, presented as an entertainment (配有军乐作为娱乐的)归营行军 3  a rhythmic tapping or drumming 有节奏的敲打或击鼓 [17th-c. tap-too from Dutch taptoe, literally ‘close the tap’ (of the cask)]

tattoo2 /tæˈtu:/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (tattoos, tattooed)  1  mark (the skin) with an indelible design by puncturing it and inserting pigment (通过刺痕并染色)在(皮肤上)刺花纹 2  make (a design) in this way 文身，刺(花纹) ●n. (pl. tattoos)  a design made by tattooing 文身花纹 □ tattooer  n.  □ tattooist  n.  文身师 [Polynesian]

tatty /ˈtæti/ adj. (tattier, tattiest) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  tattered; worn and shabby 破烂的；褴褛的 2  inferior 低劣的，低下的 3  tawdry 粗俗的；粗糙的 □ tattily  adv.  □ tattiness  n.   [originally Scots, = shaggy, apparently related to Old English tœttec ‘rag, TATTER’]

tau /tɔ:, taʊ/ n.  the nineteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (T, τ) 希腊语的第 19 个字母 (T, τ) [Middle English from Greek]

tau cross n.  a T-shaped cross T 形十字(架)

taught past and past part.  of TEACH 

taunt /tɔ:nt/ n. & v. ●n.  a thing said in order to anger or wound a person 讥讽(的话)，奚落(的话) ●v. tr.  1  assail with taunts 讥讽，奚落 2  reproach (a person) contemptuously 辱骂，嘲弄 □ taunter  n.  □ tauntingly  adv.   [16th c., in the phrase taunt for taunt from French tant pour tant ‘tit for tat’, hence a smart rejoinder]

tau particle n.  an unstable, heavy, and charged subatomic particle of the lepton class τ粒子(轻粒子类属中的一种不稳定的重亚原子粒子)

taupe /təʊp/ n. & adj. ●n.  a grey with a tinge of another colour, usu. brown 褐灰色 ●adj.  of this colour 褐灰色的 [French, = MOLE1]

taurine1 /ˈtɔ:ri:n/ n. Biochem.  a sulphur-containing amino acid important in the metabolism of fats 【生化】牛磺酸，氨基乙磺酸(含硫磺的氨基酸，对脂肪的新陈代谢起重要作用) [Greek tauros ‘bull’ + -INE4]

taurine2 /ˈtɔ:rain/ adj.  of or like a bull; bullish 公牛的；像公牛的 [Latin taurinus from taurus ‘bull’]

tauromachy /tɔ:ˈrɒməki/ n. (pl. -ies) archaic [古义]  1  a bullfight 斗牛 2  bullfighting 斗牛术 [Greek tauromakhia, from tauros ‘bull’ + makhē ‘fight’]

Taurus /ˈtɔ:rəs/ n.  1 Astron.  a constellation (the Bull), said to represent a bull with brazen feet that was tamed by Jason 【天】金牛星座(据说它代表一头四脚呈黄铜色的牛，由希腊神话英雄贾森驯服) 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the second sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 Apr. 金牛宫(黄道十二宫的第二宫，太阳在 4 月 21 日左右进入其中)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign (太阳进入)金牛宫时段出生的人 □ Taurean  adj. & n.   [Middle English from Latin, = bull]

taut /tɔ:t/ adj.  1 (of a rope, muscles, etc.) tight; not slack (绳子等)拉紧的；(肌肉等)不松弛的 2 (of nerves) tense (神经)紧张的 3 (of a ship etc.) in good order or condition (轮船等)秩序井然的；纪律严明的 □ tauten  v. tr. & intr.  把…拉紧；使绷紧□ tautly  adv.  □ tautness  n.   [Middle English touht, togt, perhaps = TOUGH, influenced by tog-, past part. stem of obsolete tee (Old English tēon) ‘pull’]

tauto- /ˈtɔ:təʊ/ comb. form  the same [构词成分]同一 [Greek, from tauto, to auto ‘the same’]

tautog /tɔ:ˈtɒɡ/ n.  a fish, Tautoga onitis, found off the Atlantic coast of N. America, used as food 裸首隆头鱼(产于北美大西洋沿岸，可食用) [Narragansett tautauog (pl.)]

tautology /tɔ:ˈtɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the saying of the same thing twice over in different words, esp. as a fault of style (e.g. 例如 : arrived one after the other in succession 一个接一个地接踵而来) 同义重复(尤指作为一种文体上的错误) 2  a statement that is necessarily true 赘述，冗辞 □ tautological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ tautologically  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ tautologist  n.  □ tautologize  /-dʒaiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ tautologous  /-ləɡəs/ adj.   [Late Latin tautologia from Greek (as TAUTO-, -LOGY)]

tautomer /ˈtɔ:təmə/ n. Chem.  a substance that exists as two mutually convertible isomers in equilibrium 【化】互变(异构)体 □ tautomeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.  □ tautomerism  /-ˈtɒməriz(ə)m/ n.   [TAUTO- + -MER]

tautophony /tɔ:ˈtɒf(ə)ni/ n.  repetition of the same sound 同音反复 [TAUTO- + Greek phōnē ‘sound’]

tavern /ˈtæv(ə)n/ n. esp. archaic or literary  an inn or public house [尤古义] [文学用语]小客栈；小酒店 [Middle English via Old French taverne from Latin taberna ‘hut, tavern’]

taverna /təˈvɜ:nə/ n.  a Greek restaurant or eating house (希腊的)餐馆，饭馆 [modern Greek (as TAVERN)]

taw1 /tɔ:/ v. tr.  make (hide) into leather without the use of tannin, esp. by soaking in a solution of alum and salt (不用糅酸而主要通过溶解明矾和盐来)糅制(生皮) □ tawer  n.   [Old English tawian, from Germanic]

taw2 /tɔ:/ n.  1  a large marble 石弹 2  a game of marbles 石弹游戏 3  a line from which players throw marbles 弹石弹者站立的基线 [18th c.: origin unknown]

tawdry /ˈtɔ:dri/ adj. & n. ●adj. (tawdrier, tawdriest)  1  showy but worthless 花哨而不值钱的 2  over-ornamented, gaudy, vulgar 俗丽的；俗气的 ●n.  cheap or gaudy finery 廉价的或俗丽的东西 □ tawdrily  adv.  □ tawdriness  n.   [earlier as noun: short for tawdry lace, originally St Audrey's lace from Audrey = Etheldrida, patron saint of Ely, where a fair was held at which cheap finery was traditionally sold]

tawny /ˈtɔ:ni/ adj. & n. ●adj. (tawnier, tawniest)  of an orange- or yellow-brown colour 橘黄色的，黄褐色的 ●n.  this colour 橘黄色，黄褐色 □ tawniness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French tauné, Old French tané, from tan TAN1]

tawny eagle n.  a brownish African or Asian eagle, Aquila rapax (产于非洲和亚洲的黄褐色的)鹰，雕

tawny owl n.  1  a reddish-brown European owl, Strix aluco (产于欧洲的类似猫头鹰的)灰林鸮 2 (作 Tawny Owl) colloq.  the assistant adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides, officially termed Assistant Brownie Guider since 1968 [口] (幼年女童子军的)成人领袖助理 (1968 年后正式称作 Assistant Brownie Guider)

taws /tɔ:z/ n. (also 亦作 tawse) Sc. hist.  a thong with a slit end formerly used in schools for punishing children [苏格兰史义] (旧时学堂用来惩罚学童的)皮鞭 [apparently pl. of obsolete taw ‘tawed leather’, from TAW1]

tax /tæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a contribution to state revenue compulsorily levied on individuals, property, or businesses (国家向个人、财产或营业公司强制征收的)税，税款 often foll. by 常后跟 on: a tax on luxury goods  对奢侈商品的征税 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  a strain or heavy demand; an oppressive or burdensome obligation 重负，负担 ●v. tr.  1  impose a tax on (persons or goods etc.) 对(人员或商品等)征税，课税 2  deduct tax from (income etc.) 从(收入等中)扣税 3  make heavy demands on (a person's powers or resources etc.) 耗费或竭尽(某人的力量或资源等)；使负重担；使受压力  you really tax my patience  你真的让我忍无可忍了 4 (foll. by 后跟 with)  confront (a person) with a wrongdoing etc. (因错误等)责备，谴责(某人) 5  call to account 要价，要人支付 6 Law  examine and assess (costs etc.) 【法律】审定，评定(诉讼费用等) □ taxable  adj.  □ taxer  n.  □ taxless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French taxer from Latin taxare ‘censure, charge, compute’, perhaps from Greek tassō ‘fix’]

taxa pl.  of TAXON  

taxation /tækˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the imposition or payment of tax 征税，课税 [Middle English via Anglo-French taxacioun, Old French taxation from Latin taxatio -onis, from taxare: see TAX]

tax avoidance n. Brit.  the arrangement of financial affairs to minimize payment of tax [英]躲税，避税

tax break n. colloq.  a tax concession or advantage allowed by government [口] (政府许可的)税收优惠

tax-deductible adj. (of expenditure) that may be paid out of income before the deduction of income tax 税收得到减免的(可以在扣除所得税之前支出的)

tax disc n. Brit.  a paper disc displayed on the windscreen of a motor vehicle, certifying payment of excise duty [英]圆形纳税证(贴在机动车辆的挡风玻璃上，表示该车辆的路税已付)

tax evasion n.  the illegal non-payment or underpayment of income tax 逃税，漏税

tax-free adj. (of goods, income, etc.) exempt from being taxed (商品、收入等)免税的

tax haven n.  a country etc. where taxes are levied at a low rate 税率很低的国家等

taxi /ˈtæksi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. taxis)  1  a motor car licensed to ply for hire and usu. fitted with a taximeter 出租汽车，计程车 2  a boat etc. similarly used (供出租用的)船等交通工具 ●v. (taxies, taxied, taxiing or taxying)  1  a intr. (of an aircraft or pilot) move along the ground under the machine's own power before take-off or after landing (飞机或飞行员在起飞前或降落后沿地面)滑行b tr.  cause (an aircraft) to taxi 使(飞机)滑行 2 intr. & tr.  go or convey in a taxi 用出租汽车运送 [abbreviation of taximeter cab]

taxicab /ˈtæksikæb/ n.  = TAXIn. 1 

taxi dancer n.  a dancing partner available for hire (舞厅里可计时雇用的)职业舞女

taxidermy /ˈtæksidɜ:mi/ n.  the art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals with lifelike effect 动物标本剥制术 □ taxidermal  /-ˈdɜ:m(ə)l/ adj.  □ taxidermic  /-ˈdɜ:mik/ adj.  □ taxidermist  n.   [Greek taxis ‘arrangement’ + derma ‘skin’]

taximeter /ˈtæksimi:tə/ n.  an automatic device fitted to a taxi, recording the distance travelled and the fare payable (出租车上的)自动计程(费)器 [French taximètre, from taxe ‘tariff, TAX’ + -METER]

taxi rank n. (US [美] taxi stand)  a place where taxis wait to be hired (出租汽车的)候租点

taxis /ˈtæksis/ n.  1 Surgery  the restoration of displaced bones or organs by manual pressure 【外科】(对错位的骨骼或器官施行的)整复术 2 Biol.  the directional movement of a cell or organism in response to an external stimulus (cf. 参见 KINESIS 2) 【生】趋向性 3 Gram.  order or arrangement of words 【语法】排列，次序 [Greek from tassō ‘arrange’]

taxiway /ˈtæksiwei/ n.  a route along which an aircraft can taxi when moving to or from a runway (飞机跑道上的)滑行道

taxman /ˈtæksmæn/ n. (pl. -men) colloq. [口]  1  an inspector or collector of taxes 收税员；税收检查员 2  the personification of the government department dealing with tax (政府的)税务部

taxon /ˈtæksɒn/ n. (pl. taxa /ˈtæksə/)  any taxonomic group 分类单元 [back-formation from TAXONOMY]

taxonomy /tækˈsɒnəmi/ n.  1  the science of classification, esp. of living and extinct organisms 分类学(尤指对现存的和灭绝的有机体的分类) 2  a scheme of classification 分类 □ taxonomic  /-səˈnɒmik/ adj.  □ taxonomical  /-səˈnɒmik(ə)l/ adj.  □ taxonomically  /-səˈnɒmik(ə)li/ adv.  □ taxonomist  n.   [French taxonomie (as TAXIS, Greek -nomia ‘distribution’)]

taxpayer /ˈtækspeiə/ n.  a person who pays taxes 纳税人

tax return n.  a declaration of income for taxation purposes 纳税申报单

tax shelter n.  a means of organizing business affairs to minimize payment of tax 减免税收合法手段

tax year  see 见 FINANCIAL YEAR 

tayberry /ˈteib(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a dark red soft fruit produced by crossing a blackberry and a raspberry 紫莓(一种由黑刺莓和树莓杂交的水果) [named after the River Tay in Scotland (where introduced in 1977)]

Tay-Sachs disease /teiˈsæks/ n. Med.  an inherited metabolic disorder in which certain lipids accumulate in the brain, causing spasticity and death in childhood 【医】泰萨二氏病，脑类脂质沉积症(使大脑中某些脂质沉积并使人在童年时期出现麻痹性痴呆和死亡的家族遗传病) [named after W. Tay, English ophthalmologist d. 1927 and B. Sachs, US neurologist d. 1944]

tazza /ˈtɑ:tsə/ n.  a saucer-shaped cup, esp. one mounted on a foot (尤指有底座的、呈茶托状的)浅杯，小杯 [Italian from Arabic tɑˉsa: see TASS]

TB abbr. [缩略]  1  a  tubercle bacillus 结核菌b  tuberculosis 肺结核病 2  torpedo boat 鱼雷快艇

Tb symb. Chem.  the element terbium [符]【化】(化学元素)铽

t.b.a. abbr.  to be announced [缩略]应予宣布，应予发表

T-bar n.  1 (in full 全称 T-bar lift)  a type of ski lift in the form of a series of inverted T-shaped metal bars for towing skiers uphill (能把滑雪者拖上山的)T 字形上山吊椅 2 (often attrib. 常作定语)  a T-shaped fastening on a shoe or sandal 鞋上的 T 型固定装置

T-bone n.  a T-shaped bone, esp. in steak from the thin end of a loin T 字骨嫩牛排

tbsp abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 tbs) (pl. same 单复同 or tbsps)  tablespoonful 一汤匙容量

Tc symb. Chem.  the element technetium [符]【化】(化学元素)锝

TCCB abbr. (in the UK) Test and County Cricket Board [缩略] (英国)地方板球委员会

TCD abbr.  Trinity College, Dublin [缩略]都柏林圣三一学院

TCDD abbr.  tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (see 见 DIOXIN) [缩略]四氯二苯并 -p- 二恶英

T-cell n.  = T-LYMPHOCYTE 

TCP abbr. Brit. propr.  a disinfectant and germicide [缩略] [英] [商标]一种消毒杀菌剂 [trichlorophenylmethyliodasalicyl]

TD abbr. [缩略]  1 (in the UK) Territorial (Officer's) Decoration (英国)本土军(军官)服役勋章 2 Ir.  Teachta Dála, Member of the Dáil [爱尔兰]爱尔兰共和国众议院议员

Te symb. Chem.  the element tellurium [符]【化】(化学元素)碲

te /ti:/ n. (US [美] ti)  1 (in tonic sol-fa) the seventh note of a major scale (首调唱法时)大音阶之第 7 音 2  the note B in the fixed-doh system 固定唱法时之 B 音 [earlier si: French from Italian, perhaps from Sancte Iohannes: see GAMUT]

tea /ti:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (in full 全称 tea plant)  an evergreen shrub or small tree, Camellia sinensis, of India, China, etc. 茶；茶树(产于印度、中国等地的常绿灌木)b  its dried leaves 茶叶 2  a drink made by infusing tea leaves in boiling water (用开水冲泡茶叶而成的)茶；一杯茶 3  a similar drink made from the leaves of other plants or from another substance (用其他植物叶子做成的)茶，茶剂  camomile tea  黄春菊花茶 beef tea  牛肉茶，牛肉汁 4  a esp. Brit.  a light afternoon meal consisting of tea, bread, cakes, etc. [尤英]下午茶(一种下午小吃，有茶、面包、点心等)b Brit.  a cooked evening meal [英]傍晚茶c esp. US  an afternoon reception at which tea is served [尤美] (一种在下午举行的)茶会 ●v. (teaed or tea'd /ti:d/)  1 intr.  take tea 喝茶；进茶点 2 tr.  give tea to (a person) 以茶招待(某人) □ tea and sympathy  colloq.  hospitable behaviour towards a troubled person [口]对不幸者的热情接待和安慰 [17th-c. tay, tey, probably via Dutch tee from Chinese (Amoy dialect) te, = Mandarin dialect cha: cf. CHAR3]

tea bag n.  a small porous bag of tea for infusion (一种小袋装的能渗漏水的)袋泡茶

tea-ball n. esp. N. Amer.  a ball of perforated metal to hold tea for infusion [尤北美]滤茶球(一种多孔金属容器，用来盛放和过滤茶叶)

tea-bread n.  light or sweet bread for eating at tea (喝茶时吃的)茶点面包

tea break n. Brit.  a pause in work etc. to drink tea [英] (工作等中途的)喝茶小憩时间

tea caddy n.  a container for tea 茶叶罐，茶叶盒

teacake /ˈti:keik/ n. Brit.  a light yeast-based usu. sweet bun eaten at tea, often toasted [英]茶点心(一种喝茶时通常烤热吃的圆形小甜饼)

tea ceremony n.  an elaborate Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea, as an expression of Zen Buddhist philosophy 茶道(一种日本式沏茶和饮茶仪式，蕴涵佛教禅宗之文化思想)

teach /ti:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. taught /tɔ:t/)  1  a  give systematic information to (a person) or about (a subject or skill) 教(某人) (知识)，给(某人)讲授(课程)，给(某人)传授(技能)b (absol. [含宾])  practise this professionally 教书，讲课，当教师c  enable (a person) to do something by instruction and training 教(某人)做…；训练  taught me to swim  教我游泳 taught me how to dance  教我如何跳舞 2  a  advocate as a moral etc. principle (在道德等方面)教育，教导  my parents taught me forgiveness  我父母教育我要学会宽恕b  communicate, instruct in 教会；使学会  suffering taught me patience  磨难使我学会了忍耐 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  a  induce (a person) by example or punishment to do or not to do a thing (通过榜样或惩罚)告诫或教训(某人)该做或不该做(某事)  that will teach you to sit still  这会让你懂得坐好了别乱动 that will teach you not to laugh  这会让你不笑的b colloq.  make (a person) disinclined to do a thing [口]告诫或教训(某人)别做(某事)  I will teach you to interfere  我会让你知道干预的滋味 □ teach a person a lesson   see 见 LESSON □ teach school  US  be a teacher in a school [美]教书，当教师 [Old English tœˉcan, from a Germanic root meaning ‘show’]

teachable /ˈti:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  apt at learning 可教的；善于学习的 2 (of a subject) that can be taught 适于教学的；能传授的 □ teachability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ teachableness  n.  

teacher /ˈti:tʃə/ n.  a person who teaches, esp. in a school (尤指学校的)教员，教师，老师 □ teacherly  adj.  

tea chest n.  a light metal-lined wooden box in which tea is transported 茶叶箱(一种运输茶叶用的、内衬金属的木箱)

teach-in n.  1  an informal lecture and discussion on a subject of public interest (大学师生就公众普遍感兴趣的某一问题所进行的非正式的)宣讲会 2  a series of these (宣讲会形式的)学术讨论会

teaching /ˈti:tʃiŋ/ n.  1  the profession of a teacher 教学工作，教职 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  what is taught; a doctrine 教导；学说；教义

teaching hospital n.  a hospital where medical students are taught (医科学生接受教育的)教学医院

teaching machine n.  any of various devices for giving instruction according to a program that reacts to pupils' responses (配合学生情况的)教学机器

tea cloth n.  = TEA TOWEL 

tea cosy n.  a cover to keep a teapot warm 茶壶保暖套

teacup /ˈti:kʌp/ n.  1  a cup from which tea is drunk 茶杯 2  an amount held by this, about 150 ml 一茶杯容量(约 150 毫升) □ teacupful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一茶杯容量

tea dance n.  an afternoon tea with dancing (下午茶会时的)茶舞会

tea garden n.  a garden in which afternoon tea is served to the public (给公众提供下午茶的)茶园

teak /ti:k/ n.  1  a large deciduous tree, Tectona grandis, native to India and SE Asia 柚木(印度及东南亚一带的一种大躯干落叶树) 2  its hard durable timber, much used in shipbuilding and furniture 柚木木材(坚硬耐磨，多用于造船和做家具) [Portuguese teca from Malayalam tēkka]

teal /ti:l/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or teals)  1  any of various small freshwater ducks of the genus Anas, esp. A. crecca 短颈野鸭(尤指鸭科鸟类中生活在淡水里的一种小鸭) 2  a dark greenish-blue colour 绿光暗蓝色 ●adj. (in full 全称 teal blue; hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 绿光暗蓝色的 [Middle English, related to Middle Dutch tēling, of unknown origin]

tea lady n. Brit.  a woman employed to make tea in offices etc. [英] (办公室等地的)端茶小姐

tea leaf n.  1  a dried leaf of tea, used to make a drink of tea 茶叶 2 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  these after infusion or as dregs 泡过的茶叶，茶叶渣 3 Brit. rhyming slang  a thief [英] [同韵俚语]小偷

team /ti:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a set of players forming one side in a game (游戏或比赛中组成某一方的)队，组，团  a cricket team  板球队 2  two or more persons working together 工作队，工作组，作业班 3  a  a set of draught animals (役畜的)群b  one or more animals in harness with a vehicle (一起拉车的)一组牲口 ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  join in a team or in common action 使协作，共同行动  decided to team up with them  决定与他们共同行动 2 tr.  harness (horses etc.) in a team 使(马等牲口)联套在车上；使结成一队 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  match or coordinate (clothes) 与(衣服)搭配；与…相配(协调) [Old English tēam ‘offspring’ from a Germanic root meaning ‘pull’, related to TOW1]

team-mate n.  a fellow member of a team or group 队友；同组成员

team player n.  a person who plays or works well as a member of a team and is not solely concerned with his or her own glory 配合全队的队员；通力合作的人

team spirit n.  willingness to act as a member of a group rather than as an individual 团队精神，集体精神

teamster /ˈti:mstə/ n.  1 N. Amer.  a lorry driver, esp. a member of the Teamsters Union [北美]卡车司机(尤指美国卡车司机联合会的成员) 2  a driver of a team of animals 联畜运输驾驭者

team-teaching n.  teaching by a team of teachers working together 小组协同教学(制)

teamwork /ˈti:mwɜ:k/ n.  the combined action of a team, group, etc., esp. when effective and efficient (尤指很有效率和效果的)团队配合，协同工作

tea party n.  a party at teatime 茶会，茶话会

tea plant  see 见 TEA n. 1a 

tea planter n.  a proprietor or cultivator of a tea plantation 茶叶种植园主；茶农

teapot /ˈti:pɒt/ n.  a pot with a handle, spout, and lid, in which tea is brewed and from which it is poured (一种有柄、喷嘴和盖，用来煨茶和倒茶的)茶壶

teapoy /ˈti:pɔi/ n.  a small three- or four-legged table esp. for tea (一种三脚或四脚的)小茶几 [Hindi tīn, tir- ‘three’ + Persian pɑˉī ‘foot’: sense and spelling influenced by TEA]

tear1 /tɛə/ v. & n. ●v. (past tore /tɔ:/; past part. torn /tɔ:n/)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  pull apart or to pieces with some force 撕开，撕裂，撕碎  tear it in half  撕成两半 tore up the letter  把信撕碎 2 tr.  a  make a hole or rent in by tearing 撕破，扯破  have torn my coat  撕破了我的大衣b  make (a hole or rent) 撕，扯，戳 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off, etc.)  pull violently or with some force 撕掉；夺走  tore the book away from me  把书从我手中夺走 tore off the cover  把封盖撕开 tore a page out  撕掉一页 tore down the notice  撕下告示 4 tr.  violently disrupt or divide 使分裂；使苦恼；使受折磨  the country was torn by civil war  这个国家遭受内战之苦 torn by conflicting emotions  受到纠葛情绪的折磨 5 intr. colloq.  go or travel hurriedly or impetuously [口]飞奔，狂跑；匆匆行动  tore across the road  飞快地穿过马路 6 intr.  undergo tearing 被撕裂，被扯破  the curtain tore down the middle  窗帘从中间扯破了 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at etc.)  pull violently or with some force 猛拉；拔掉 ●n.  1  a hole or other damage caused by tearing 裂口；裂缝；破绽 2  a torn part of cloth etc. (衣服等的)破口 □ be torn between   have difficulty in choosing between 在…之间难于抉择，在…之间左右为难□ tear apart   1  destroy, divide utterly; distress greatly 撕裂；摧毁；拆毁；使极度苦恼 2  search (a place) exhaustively 彻底搜查(某处) 3  criticize forcefully 竭力驳斥，抨击□ tear one's hair out   behave with extreme desperation or anger (扯自己的头发)表示强烈的焦急或绝望□ tear into   1  attack verbally; reprimand 猛烈抨击；严厉谴责 2  make a vigorous start on (an activity) 干劲十足地投入(工作等)□ tear oneself away   leave despite a strong desire to stay 勉强离开，忍痛离开□ tear to shreds  colloq.  refute or criticize thoroughly [口]逐条驳斥；严厉批判□ that's torn it  Brit. colloq.  that has spoiled things, caused a problem, etc. [英口]完蛋，成泡影□ tearable  adj.  □ tearer  n.   [Old English teran, from Germanic]

tear2 /tiə/ n.  1  a drop of clear salty liquid secreted by glands, that serves to moisten and wash the eye and is shed from it in grief or other strong emotions 眼泪，泪珠(一种清澈的、带咸味的液体，可湿润和洗涤眼睛，在人痛苦时或有其他强烈感情时掉落) 2  a tearlike thing; a drop 泪珠状物；点滴 □ in tears   crying; shedding tears 哭着；流着泪□ without tears   presented so as to be learnt or done easily 轻松地，容易地(学会或做成)□ tearlike  adj.   [Old English tēar]

tearaway /ˈtɛərəwei/ n. Brit. [英]  1  an impetuous or reckless young person 放荡不羁的年轻人，野蛮狂暴的人 2  a hooligan 流氓，暴徒

teardrop /ˈtiədrɒp/ n.  a single tear 泪珠，泪滴

tear duct n.  a passage through which tears pass to the eye or from the eye to the nose 泪腺，泪管(眼泪流向眼睛或从眼睛流向鼻子的通道)

tearful /ˈtiəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  crying or inclined to cry 流泪的，哭泣的 2  causing or accompanied with tears; sad 含满泪水的，泪汪汪的；悲伤的  a tearful event  一件令人悲伤的事 □ tearfully  adv.  □ tearfulness  n.  

tear gas n. & v. ●n.  gas that disables by causing severe irritation to the eyes 催泪瓦斯，催泪毒气 often hyphenated when attrib. 用作定语时常加连字符 : tear-gas canister  催泪霰弹 ●v. tr. (tear-gas) (-gases, -gassed, -gassing)  attack with tear gas 用催泪瓦斯攻击

tearing /ˈtɛəriŋ/ adj.  extreme, overwhelming, violent 极度的；撕裂般的；猛烈的；狂暴的  in a tearing hurry  极其匆忙地

tear-jerker n. colloq.  a story, film, etc., calculated to evoke sadness or sympathy [口]催人泪下的故事、电影等 □ tear-jerking  n. & attrib. adj.  

tearless /ˈtiəlis/ adj.  not shedding tears 无泪的，哭不出泪的 □ tearlessly  adv.  □ tearlessness  n.  

tear-off attrib. adj. (of a slip, plastic bag, etc.) that can be removed by tearing off usu. along a perforated line (纸片或塑料袋等)可沿虚线撕下的

tearoom /ˈti:ru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a small restaurant or café where tea is served 茶室(类似于小饭馆或咖啡馆的饮茶之处)

tea rose n.  a hybrid shrub, Rosa odorata, with a scent resembling that of tea (类似于茶叶香味的)香水月季

tear sheet n.  a page that can be removed from a newspaper or magazine etc. for use separately (从报刊、杂志等出版物撕下以供单独使用的)撕页，单印页

tear-stained adj. poet. [诗]  1  wet with tears 泪水沾湿的，有泪痕的 2  sorrowful 悲伤的

tease /ti:z/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  a  make fun of (a person or animal) playfully or unkindly or annoyingly 戏弄，逗弄；取笑；惹恼(人或动物)b  tempt or allure, esp. sexually, while refusing to satisfy the desire aroused 挑逗，撩拨(尤指在性方面使人激起欲望而又不予满足) 2  pick (wool, hair, etc.) into separate fibres 梳理(毛、发等) 3  dress (cloth) esp. with teasels 使(布)起绒，拉毛 ●n.  1 colloq.  a person fond of teasing [口]爱戏弄他人者；缠扰者 2  an instance of teasing 戏弄，逗弄；取笑  it was only a tease  那只是逗乐的 □ tease out   separate by disentangling 梳理，理出□ teasingly  adv.   [Old English tœˉsan, from West Germanic]

teasel /ˈti:z(ə)l/ n. & v. (also 亦作 teazel, teazle) ●n.  1  any plant of the genus Dipsacus, with large prickly heads that were formerly dried and used to raise the nap on woven cloth (旧时烘干后用来拉起织物上绒毛的)起绒刺果 2  a device used as a substitute for teasels 起绒机 ●v. tr.  dress (cloth) with teasels 使(织物)起绒，给(织物)拉毛 [Old English tœˉs(e)l, = Old High German zeisala (as TEASE)]

teaser /ˈti:zə/ n.  1 colloq.  a hard question or task [口]难题，棘手事 2  a teasing person 爱戏弄他人的人；逗弄者；取笑者 3 esp. US  a short introductory advertisement, trailer for a film, etc. [尤美]肩题，引题(广告、电影等标题上端用醒目铅字排的小标题) 4  an inferior animal used to excite another animal before it serves or is served by the stud animal (挑拨起种畜交配欲望的)动物

teaset /ˈti:set/ n.  a set of crockery for serving tea (一套)茶具

tea shop n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  = TEAROOM 

teaspoon /ˈti:spu:n/ n.  1  a small spoon for stirring tea 茶匙，小匙 2  an amount held by this 一茶匙容量 □ teaspoonful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一茶匙容量

tea-strainer n.  a small device for straining tea 滤茶器

teat /ti:t/ n.  1  a mammary nipple, esp. of an animal (尤指动物的)乳头 2 Brit.  a thing resembling this, esp. a device of rubber etc. for sucking milk from a bottle [英] (尤指奶瓶等工具上的)橡皮奶头 [Middle English from Old French tete, probably of Germanic origin, replacing TIT3]

teatime /ˈti:taim/ n. esp. Brit.  the time in the afternoon when tea is served [尤英]下午喝茶时间

tea towel n. esp. Brit.  a towel for drying washed crockery etc. Also called 亦称作 tea cloth [尤英] (擦干茶具等用的)茶巾

tea tray n.  a tray from which tea is served 茶盘

tea-tree n.  1  any of various aromatic Australasian flowering shrubs and small trees esp. of the genus Leptospermum, esp. the manuka (cf. 参见 TI-TREE) 茶树(尤指澳洲产各种桃金娘科灌木茶树) 2  an ornamental red-berried shrub, Lycium barbarum (nightshade family) 类茶灌木(茄属植物)

tea trolley n. (US [美] tea wagon)  a small wheeled trolley from which tea is served (一种招待喝茶用的)茶具车

teazel (also 亦作 teazle) var.  of TEASEL TEASEL 的变体

TEC /tek/ abbr.  Training and Enterprise Council [缩略]企业培训委员会

tec /tek/ n. colloq.  a detective [口]侦探 [abbreviation]

tech /tek/ n. (also 亦作 tec) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  a technical college 技术学院 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 high-tech)  technology 技术 [abbreviation]

techie /ˈteki/ n. (also 亦作 techy) (pl. -ies) colloq.  an expert in or enthusiast for (esp. computing) technology [口] (尤指电脑方面的)技术专家 [TECH + -IE]

technetium /tekˈni:ʃiəm/ n. Chem.  an artificially produced radioactive metallic element occurring in the fission products of uranium (symbol 符 Tc) 【化】(化学元素)锝(一种从铀的裂变物质中经人工制成的放射性金属元素) [modern Latin from Greek tekhnētos ‘artificial’, from tekhnē ‘art’]

technic /ˈteknik/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  technology 技术b  technical terms, details, methods, etc. 技术术语；技术性细节；方法 2  technique 技巧，技能，工艺 □ technicist  /-sist/ n.   [Latin technicus from Greek tekhnikos, from tekhnē ‘art’]

technical /ˈteknik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or involving or concerned with the mechanical arts and applied sciences 技术的  technical college  技术学院 a technical education  技术教育 2  of or relating to a particular subject or craft etc. or its techniques 技巧的，技能的  technical terms  技术术语 technical merit  技术优点 3 (of a book or discourse etc.) using technical language; requiring special knowledge to be understood (指书本或论题等)使用技术性语言的；需要专门知识的 4  due to mechanical failure 技术故障的，机件毛病的  a technical hitch  技术故障 5  legally such; such in strict interpretation 严格根据法律的；严格按字面解释的  technical assault  法律上成立的人身攻击 lost on a technical point  从法律角度上说失败了 ●n. esp. US [尤美]  1  a vehicle, esp. a truck, with mounted machine-guns etc. (装备有冲锋枪等武器的)卡车 2  a gunman who rides in such a truck (乘坐这种卡车的)持枪歹徒 □ technically  adv.  

technical hitch n.  1  a temporary breakdown or problem in machinery etc. 技术故障，机器故障 2  an unexpected snag or problem 意外障碍(难题)

technicality /tekniˈkæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being technical 技术性；专门性 2  a technical expression 专门名称，术语 3  a technical point or detail 技术细节  was acquitted on a technicality  对技术细节很熟悉

technical knockout n. Boxing  a termination of a fight by the referee on the grounds of a contestant's inability to continue, the opponent being declared the winner 【拳击】技术击倒，技术得胜(指拳击赛中裁判根据一方已无能力继续比赛而宣布对方技术得胜)

technician /tekˈniʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an expert in the practical application of a science 技术专家 2  a person skilled in the technique of an art or craft 精于技巧者，技巧家 3  a person employed to look after technical equipment and do practical work in a laboratory etc. (实验室等处维修技术设备并做具体工作的)技师，技工，技术员

Technicolor /ˈteknikʌlə/ n. (often 常用作 attrib.)  1 propr.  a process of colour cinematography using synchronized monochrome films, each of a different colour, to produce a colour print [商标]彩色印片法 2 (usu. 通常作 technicolor, Brit. also [英亦] technicolour) colloq. [口]  a  vivid colour 鲜艳的色彩b  artificial brilliance 人工着色 □ technicolored  adj.   [TECHNICAL + COLOR]

technique /tekˈni:k/ n.  1  mechanical skill in an art 技术，技能，工艺 2  a means or method of achieving one's purpose, esp. skilfully (尤指为达到某种目的而巧妙构思的)手段，方法 3  a  a manner of performance 技巧；技法；方法b  a manner of esp. artistic execution in relation to formal details (尤指艺术等方面的)手法 [French (as TECHNIC)]

techno /ˈteknəʊ/ n.  a style of popular music making extensive use of electronic instruments and synthesized sound (广泛使用电子器械和合成音响的)电子技术流行音乐，合成音响流行音乐 also in comb. 亦用于复合词 : techno-funk  合成音响乡土爵士乐 techno-rock  合成音响摇滚乐 [abbreviation of TECHNOLOGICAL]

technobabble /ˈteknəʊbæb(ə)l/ n. colloq.  incomprehensible technical jargon [口]难懂的技术行话

technocracy /tekˈnɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the government or control of society or industry by technical experts (对社会或工业实行的)技术专家政治 2  an instance or application of this 技术专家政治制度，技术专家治国论 [Greek tekhnē ‘art’ + -CRACY]

technocrat /ˈteknəkræt/ n.  an exponent or advocate of technocracy 技术专家政治论者，技术专家治国论者 □ technocratic  /-ˈkrætik/ adj.  □ technocratically  /-ˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.  

technological /teknəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  of or using technology 技术的；工艺的；使用技术的 □ technologically  adv.  

technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the study or use of the mechanical arts and applied sciences 技术(学)；工艺(学) 2  these subjects collectively (总称的)技术，工艺 □ technologist  n.   [Greek tekhnologia ‘systematic treatment’ from tekhnē ‘art’]

technophile /ˈteknə(ʊ)fail/ n. & adj. ●n.  an enthusiast about new technology 新技术爱好者 ●adj.  1  of or relating to a technophile 新技术爱好者的 2  compatible with new technology 适用于新技术的 □ technophilia  /-ˈfiliə/ n.  □ technophilic  /-ˈfilik/ adj.  

technophobe /ˈteknə(ʊ)fəʊb/ n.  a person who fears, dislikes, or avoids new technology 新技术恐惧者 □ technophobia  /-ˈfəʊbiə/ n.  新技术恐惧□ technophobic  /-ˈfəʊbik/ adj.  

techy1 var.  of TETCHY  TETCHY 的变体

techy2 var.  of TECHIE  TECHIE 的变体

tectonic /tekˈtɒnik/ adj.  1  of or relating to building or construction 建筑的，构造的 2 Geol.  relating to the deformation of the earth's crust or to the structural changes caused by this (see 见 PLATE TECTONICS) 【地质】地壳构造的，地壳结构变化的 □ tectonically  adv.   [Late Latin tectonicus from Greek tektonikos, from tektōn -onos ‘carpenter’]

tectonics /tekˈtɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  1 Archit.  the art and process of producing practical and aesthetically pleasing buildings 【建】(实用的、能带来审美愉悦的)建筑构造学 2 Geol.  the study of large-scale structural features (cf. 参见 PLATE TECTONICS) 【地质】构造地质学，大地构造学

tectorial /tekˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. Anat. 【解】  1  forming a covering 顶盖的，覆膜的 2 (in full 全称 tectorial membrane)  the membrane covering the organ of Corti in the inner ear 内耳盖膜 [Latin tectorium ‘a cover’ (as TECTRIX)]

tectrix /ˈtektriks/ n. (pl. tectrices /-si:z, -ˈtraisi:z/)  = COVERTn. 2  [modern Latin from Latin tegere tect- ‘to cover’]

Ted /ted/ n. (also 亦作 ted) Brit. colloq.  a Teddy boy [英口]男阿飞 [abbreviation]

ted /ted/ v. tr. (tedded, tedding)  turn over and spread out (grass, hay, or straw) to dry or for a bedding etc. 翻晒，摊开(青草、稻草或麦草，使其晒干或用来铺床) □ tedder  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse tethja ‘spread manure’, from tad ‘dung’, toddi ‘small piece’]

Teddy /ˈtedi/   特迪 [人名]

teddy /ˈtedi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (in full 全称 teddy bear)  a soft toy bear (一种柔软的)玩具熊 2  a woman's undergarment combining vest and panties (妇女的)连衫衬裤 [pet form of the names Edward, Theodore, in sense 1 with reference to Theodore Roosevelt, US president d. 1919, famous as a bear-hunter]

Teddy boy n. Brit. colloq.  a youth, esp. of the 1950s, affecting an Edwardian style of dress and appearance, usu. a long jacket and drainpipe trousers [英口]男阿飞(尤指 20 世纪 50 年代通常穿着长茄克衣和瘦腿紧身裤的男青年) [Teddy, pet form of Edward]

Te Deum /ti: ˈdi:əm, tei ˈdeiəm/ n.  1  a  a hymn beginning Te Deum laudamus, ‘We praise Thee, O God’ 感恩赞(开首句为 Te Deum laudamus 主啊，我们赞美你)b  the music for this 感恩赞乐曲 2  an expression of thanksgiving or exultation 感恩，狂喜 [Latin]

tedious /ˈti:diəs/ adj.  tiresomely long; wearisome 冗长的；单调乏味的 □ tediously  adv.  □ tediousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French tedieus or Late Latin taediosus (as TEDIUM)]

tedium /ˈti:diəm/ n.  the state of being tedious; boredom 冗长；单调乏味，厌烦 [Latin taedium from taedēre ‘to weary’]

tee1 /ti:/ n.  = T1  [phonetic spelling]

tee2 /ti:/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  a cleared space from which a golf ball is struck at the beginning of play for each hole (玩高尔夫球设的)发球区b  a small support of wood or plastic from which a ball is struck at a tee (发球前放置球的木制或塑料制的)球座，球垫 2  a mark aimed at in bowls, quoits, curling, etc. (保龄球、套圈、冰上溜石等游戏中有待击中的)目标 ●v. tr. (tees, teed) (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Golf  place (a ball) on a tee ready to strike it 【高尔夫球】置(球)于球座上，准备开球 □ tee off   1 Golf  play a ball from a tee 【高尔夫球】(从高尔夫球球座)开球，发球 2 colloq.  start, begin [口]开始 [earlier (17th-c.) teaz, of unknown origin: in sense 2 perhaps = TEE1]

tee-hee /ti:ˈhi:/ n. & v. (also 亦作 te-hee) ●n.  1  a titter 嘻，嘿(窃笑声) 2  a restrained or contemptuous laugh 窃笑；傻笑 ●v. intr. (tee-hees, tee-heed)  titter or laugh in this way 窃笑；傻笑 [imitative]

teem1 /ti:m/ v. intr.  1  be abundant 大量存在；盛产  fish teem in these waters  这些水域盛产鱼 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  be full of or swarming with 挤满，充足  teeming with fish  挤满了鱼 teeming with ideas  充满了想法 [Old English tēman etc. ‘give birth to’ from Germanic, related to TEAM]

teem2 /ti:m/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down) (of water etc.) flow copiously; pour (水、雨等)倾泻；倾注  it was teeming with rain  雨倾泻而下 [Middle English tēmen from Old Norse tœma, from tómr (adj.) ‘empty’]

teen /ti:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = TEENAGE  ●n.  = TEENAGER  [abbreviation of TEENAGE, TEENAGER]

-teen /ti:n/ suffix  forming the names of numerals from 13 to 19 (数词 13 到 19 的后缀形式) [Old English inflected form of TEN]

teenage /ˈti:neidʒ/ adj.  relating to or characteristic of teenagers 十几岁的，青少年的 □ teenaged  adj.  

teenager /ˈti:neidʒə/ n.  a person from 13 to 19 years of age (13 至 19 岁的)青少年

teens /ti:nz/ n. pl.  the years of one's age from 13 to 19 (年龄)十几岁(指 13 至 19 岁)  in one's teens  十几岁时期

teensy /ˈti:nzi, -si/ adj. (teensier, teensiest) colloq. [口]  = TEENY 

teensy-weensy adj.  = TEENY-WEENY 

teeny /ˈti:ni/ adj. (teenier, teeniest) colloq.  tiny [口]很小的，小小的 [variant of TINY]

teeny-bopper n. colloq.  a young teenager, usu. a girl, who keenly follows the latest fashions in clothes, pop music, etc. [口] (通常指紧追时髦服装、流行音乐等的)少女

teeny-weeny adj.  very tiny 很小的，微小的

teepee var.  of TEPEE  TEPEE 的变体

tee shirt var.  of T-SHIRT  T-SHIRT 的变体

teeter /ˈti:tə/ v. intr.  1  totter; stand or move unsteadily 摇晃，摇摇欲坠；蹒跚行走 2  hesitate; be indecisive 犹豫；犹豫不决 □ teeter on the brink (or edge)   be in imminent danger (of disaster etc.) 濒临(灾难等) [variant of dialect titter]

teeth pl.  of TOOTH  

teethe /ti:ð/ v. intr.  grow or cut teeth, esp. milk teeth 生牙，出牙(尤指乳牙) □ teething  n.  

teething ring n.  a small ring for an infant to bite on while teething (供婴儿出乳牙期间咬嚼的)出牙嚼环

teething troubles n. pl.  initial difficulties in an enterprise etc., regarded as temporary 初期困难，创业阶段困难

teetotal /ti:ˈtəʊt(ə)l/ adj.  advocating or characterized by total abstinence from alcoholic drink 绝对戒酒的；主张绝对戒酒的 □ teetotalism  n.   [reduplication of TOTAL]

teetotaller /ti:ˈtəʊt(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] teetotaler)  a person advocating or practising abstinence from alcoholic drink (主张)绝对戒酒者

teetotum /ti:ˈtəʊtəm/ n.  1  a spinning top with four sides lettered to determine whether the spinner has won or lost 手转陀螺(一种有四面、每面刻有字母以便转动时决定输赢的赌具) 2  any top spun with the fingers (任何用手指转动的)陀螺 [T (the letter on one side) + Latin totum ‘the whole’ (stakes), for which T stood]

teff /tef/ n.  an African cereal, Eragrostis tef 画眉草(非洲的一种谷类作物) [Amharic têf]

TEFL /ˈtef(ə)l/ abbr.  teaching of English as a foreign language [缩略]作为外语的英语教学

Teflon /ˈteflɒn/ n. propr.  polytetrafluoroethylene, esp. used as a non-stick coating for kitchen utensils [商标]特氟隆，聚四氟乙烯(尤涂于厨房炊具的不粘性涂料) [tetra- + fluor- + -on]

teg /teɡ/ n.  a sheep in its second year 二岁羊 [16th c.: origin unknown]

tegument /ˈteɡjʊm(ə)nt/ n.  an integument, esp. of a flatworm (尤指扁虫的)天然壳，外皮 □ tegumental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ tegumentary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.   [Latin tegumentum from tegere ‘to cover’]

te-hee var.  of TEE-HEE  TEE-HEE 的变体

Tehran /teəˈrɑ:n/ n.  德黑兰 [伊朗首都]

tektite /ˈtektait/ n. Geol.  a small black glassy object found in numbers on the ground or ocean bed in certain areas, and thought to result from meteorite impacts 【地质】玻陨石，熔融石(一种可在地面或海底发现的黑色小玻璃状物体，据说来自流星碰撞) [German Tektit from Greek tēktos ‘molten’, from tēkō ‘melt’]

Tel /tel/   特尔 [人名]

tel. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Tel.)  telephone 

telaesthesia /telisˈθi:ziə/ n. (US [美] telesthesia) Psychol.  the supposed perception of distant occurrences or objects otherwise than by the recognized senses 【心】(指对远处发生的事或远处物体的)超常知觉，特异知觉 □ telaesthetic  /-ˈθetik/ adj.   [modern Latin, formed as TELE- + Greek aisthēsis ‘perception’]

telamon /ˈteləmən, -məʊn/ n. (pl. telamones /-ˈməʊni:z/) Archit.  a male figure used as a pillar to support an entablature 【建】(支撑柱上楣构的)男像柱 [Latin telamones from Greek telamōnes, pl. of Telamōn, the name of a mythical hero]

telco /ˈtelkəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) US  a telecommunications company [美]电讯公司 [abbreviation]

tele- /ˈteli/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  at or to a distance (telekinesis 心灵遥感) 远，远距离 2  forming names of instruments for operating over long distances (telescope 望远镜) 构成某些表示远距离操作的器械名称 3  television (telecast 电视广播) 电视 4  done by means of the telephone (telesales 电话销售) 通过电话进行的 [Greek tēle- from tēle ‘far off’: sense 3 from TELEVISION: sense 4 from TELEPHONE]

tele-ad /ˈteliæd/ n.  an advertisement placed in a newspaper etc. by telephone 电话约定广告

telebanking /ˈtelibæŋkiŋ/ n.  a banking system whereby computerized transactions are effected by telephone 电脑化银行业务

telecamera /ˈtelikæm(ə)rə/ n.  1  a television camera 电视摄像机 2  a camera with a telephoto lens 远距离摄影机

telecast /ˈtelikɑ:st/ n. & v. ●n.  a television broadcast 电视广播 ●v. tr.  transmit by television 电视广播 □ telecaster  n.   [TELE- + BROADCAST]

telecine /ˈtelisini/ n.  1  the broadcasting of cinema film on television 电视电影 2  equipment for doing this 电视电影机 [TELE- + CINEMA]

telecommunication /ˌtelikəmju:niˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone, or broadcasting (通过电缆、电报、电话或广播进行的)远距离通讯，电讯，电信 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the branch of technology concerned with this 电信学(的)，电信技术(的) [French télécommunication (as TELE-, COMMUNICATION)]

telecommute /ˌtelikəˈmju:t/ v. intr.  work from home, communicating by telephone, telex, modem, etc. (在家里通过电话、电传、调制解调器等与工作单位联系交流的)远距离工作 □ telecommuter  n.  

telecoms /ˈtelikɒmz/ n. (also 亦作 telecomms) (also 亦作 attrib.)  telecommunications (see 见 TELECOMMUNICATION 2) 电信学(的)，电信技术(的) [abbreviation]

teleconference /ˈtelikɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  a conference with participants in different locations linked by telecommunication devices (通过电话、电视等把不同地方的参与者联系在一起的)电话会议 □ teleconferencing  n.  

telecottage /ˈtelikɒtidʒ/ n.  a centre fitted with office equipment (computer, photocopier, fax machine, etc.) for people working freelance or at a distance from an employer etc. (为自由职业者或远距离工作者提供装备有电脑、复印机、传真机等办公设备的)远距离工作中心

teledu /ˈtelidu:/ n.  a badger, Mydaus javanensis, of Java and Sumatra, that secretes a foul-smelling liquid when attacked 马来獾(产于爪哇和苏门答腊的一种獾，受到袭击时会分泌出一种难闻的液体) [Javanese]

tele-evangelist var.  of TELEVANGELIST  TELEVANGELIST 的变体

telefacsimile /ˌtelifækˈsimili/ n.  facsimile transmission (see 见 FACSIMILE n. 2) 电话传真

telefax /ˈtelifæks/ n. propr. [商标]  1  = TELEFACSIMILE  2  a document etc. sent by facsimile transmission 传真文件 [abbreviation]

telefilm /ˈtelifilm/ n.  = TELECINE 

telegenic /teliˈdʒenik/ adj.  having an appearance or manner that looks pleasing on television 适合拍电视的，适合上电视镜头的 [TELEVISION + -genic in PHOTOGENIC]

telegony /tiˈleɡ(ə)ni/ n. Biol.  the supposed influence of a previous sire on the offspring of a dam with other sires 【生】前父遗传，先父遗传 □ telegonic  /teliˈɡɒnik/ adj.   [TELE- + Greek -gonia ‘begetting’]

telegram /ˈteliɡræm/ n.  a message sent by telegraph and then usu. delivered in written form (in UK official use since 1981 only for international messages) 电报(在英国， 1981 年后仅指国际电报) [TELE- + -GRAM, on the pattern of TELEGRAPH]

telegraph /ˈteliɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a system of or device for transmitting messages or signals to a distance esp. by making and breaking an electrical connection 电报机；电报通信方式b (作 attrib.)  used in this system 电报  telegraph wire  电报线路 2 (in full 全称 telegraph board)  a board displaying scores or other information at a match, race meeting, etc. (运动比赛得分等的)揭示板，显示牌 ●v.  1 tr.  send a message by telegraph to 打电报给 2 tr.  send by telegraph 用电报发送 3 tr.  give an advance indication of 流露；暴露 4 intr.  make signals 打电报  telegraphed to me to come up  打电报叫我过去 □ telegrapher  /ˈteliɡrɑ:fə, tiˈleɡrəfə/ n.   [French télégraphe (as TELE-, -GRAPH)]

telegraphese /ˌteliɡrəˈfi:z/ n. colloq. or joc.  an abbreviated style usual in telegrams [口] [诙] (尽量节约用词的)电报体文体

telegraphic /teliˈɡræfik/ adj.  1  of or by telegraphs or telegrams 电报的；电报发送的 2  economically worded 节约用词的，简短的 □ telegraphically  adv.  

telegraphic address n.  an abbreviated or other registered address for use in telegrams 电报收件人地址

telegraphist /tiˈleɡrəfist/ n.  a person skilled or employed in telegraphy 电报员，报务员

telegraph key n.  a device for making and breaking the electric circuit of a telegraph system 电报电键

telegraph plant n.  a tropical Asian leguminous plant, Codariocalyx motorius, whose leaves have a spontaneous jerking motion 舞草(亚洲热带地区的豆科类植物，其叶会自发地抽动)

telegraph pole n.  a pole used to carry telegraph or telephone wires above the ground 电话线杆

telegraphy /tiˈleɡrəfi/ n.  the science or practice of using or constructing communication systems for the reproduction of information 电报学；电报术；电报通讯系统

Telegu var.  of TELUGU  TELUGU 的变体

telekinesis /ˌtelikaiˈni:sis, -kiˈni:sis/ n. Psychol.  movement of objects at a distance supposedly by paranormal means 【心】(对远处物体的)心灵致动，心灵遥感 □ telekinetic  /-ˈnetik/ adj.   [modern Latin (as TELE-, Greek kinēsis ‘motion’ from kineō ‘move’)]

telemark /ˈtelimɑ:k/ n. & v. Skiing 【滑雪】  ●n.  a swing turn with one ski advanced and the knee bent, used to change direction or stop short (为改变方向或迅即停下而作的)屈膝式转弯 ●v. intr.  perform this turn 作屈膝式转弯 [Telemark, a district in Norway]

telemarketing /ˈtelimɑ:kitiŋ/ n.  the marketing of goods etc. by means of usu. unsolicited telephone calls, or by inviting telephone calls 电话推销(指通常通过主动打电话或请对方打电话的手段进行商品推销) □ telemarketer  n.  

telemessage /ˈtelimesidʒ/ n.  a message sent by telephone or telex and delivered in written form (in UK official use since 1981 for inland messages, replacing telegram) 电话电报，电传电报(在英国， 1981 年后正式用来指国内电报，代替 telegram 一词)

telemeter /ˈtelimi:tə, tiˈlemitə/ n. & v. ●n.  an apparatus for recording the readings of an instrument and transmitting them by radio (把仪器读数记录下来并通过无线电传送出去的)遥测器，遥测仪 ●v.  1 intr.  record readings in this way (用遥测仪)遥测 2 tr.  transmit (readings etc.) to a distant receiving set or station (用遥测仪)传送(读数等) □ telemetric  /-ˈmetrik/ adj.  □ telemetry  /tiˈlemitri/ n.  

teleology /teliˈɒlədʒi, ti:l-/ n. (pl. -ies) Philos. 【哲】  1  the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than by postulated causes 目的论(现象是由其所服务的目的而非由假定的理由所决定的) 2 Theol.  the doctrine of design and purpose in the material world 【神】物质目的论 □ teleologic  /-əˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ teleological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ teleologically  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ teleologism  n.  □ teleologist  n.   [modern Latin teleologia, from Greek telos teleos ‘end’ + -LOGY]

teleost /ˈteliɒst, ˈti:l-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any fish of the subclass Teleostei, comprising the bony fishes and including most familiar kinds of fish except sharks, rays, sturgeons, and lungfishes (除鲨鱼、鹞鱼、鲟鱼和肺鱼之外的其他任何种类的)硬骨鱼 ●adj.  of or relating to this subclass 硬骨鱼的 [Greek teleo- ‘complete’ + osteon ‘bone’]

telepath /ˈtelipæθ/ n.  a telepathic person 传心术者，通灵术者 [back-formation from TELEPATHY]

telepathy /tiˈlepəθi/ n.  the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas otherwise than by the known senses 传心术，通灵术 □ telepathic  /teliˈpæθik/ adj.  □ telepathically  /teliˈpæθik(ə)li/ adv.  □ telepathist  n.  □ telepathize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

telephone /ˈtelifəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an apparatus for transmitting sound (esp. speech) to a distance by wire or cord or radio, esp. by converting acoustic vibrations to electrical signals 电话机(把声音，尤其是话音转变为电子信号并通过线路或无线电传送到远距离之外的一种装置) 2  a transmitting and receiving instrument used in this 电话 3  a system of communication using a network of telephones 电话交流系统 ●v.  1 tr.  speak to (a person) by telephone 用电话对(某人)说 2 tr.  send (a message) by telephone 用电话传送(信息) 3 intr.  make a telephone call 打电话 □ on the telephone   1  having a telephone 装有电话机的 2  by use of or using the telephone 用电话；在打电话□ over the telephone   by use of or using the telephone 用电话；在打电话□ telephoner  n.  □ telephonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  □ telephonically  /-ˈfɒnik(ə)li/ adv.  

telephone book n.  = TELEPHONE DIRECTORY 

telephone booth n.  a public booth or enclosure from which telephone calls can be made 公共电话亭

telephone box n. Brit. [英]  = TELEPHONE BOOTH 

telephone call n.  = CALLn. 4 

telephone directory n.  a book listing telephone subscribers and numbers in a particular area (把某一特定地区电话用户及号码列表出来的)电话号码簿

telephone exchange n.  = EXCHANGEn. 3 

telephone kiosk n. Brit. [英]  = TELEPHONE BOOTH 

telephone number n.  1  a number assigned to a particular telephone and used in making connections to it 电话号码 2 (often in pl. 常用复数) colloq.  a number with many digits, esp. representing a large sum of money [口] (多位数的)大笔数字(尤指一大笔钱)

telephone operator n. esp. US  an operator in a telephone exchange [尤美]电话接线员，话务员

telephonist /tiˈlef(ə)nist/ n. Brit.  an operator in a telephone exchange or at a switchboard [英]电话接线员，话务员

telephony /tiˈlef(ə)ni/ n.  the use or a system of telephones 电话操作；电话通讯方式

telephoto /ˈtelifəʊtəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) (in full 全称 telephoto lens)  a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image (可以缩小视野，把远处景象放大的)摄远镜头

telepoint /ˈtelipɔint/ n.  1  a place where a cordless telephone may be connected to the telephone network 电话母机(无绳电话与电话网络相连的机座) 2  a system providing or using such places 无绳电话系统

teleport /ˈtelipɔ:t/ v. tr. Psychol.  move by telekinesis 【心】心灵遥感搬运 □ teleportation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [TELE- + PORT4 3]

telepresence /ˈteliprez(ə)ns/ n.  1  the use of virtual reality technology esp. for remote control of machinery or for apparent participation in distant events 遥地临场，遥在(尤指遥控机器或给人以明显参与远处事件的感觉) 2  a sensation of being elsewhere created in this way 遥地临场感觉

teleprinter /ˈteliprintə/ n. Brit.  a device for transmitting telegraph messages as they are keyed, and for printing messages received [英]电传打字机

teleprompter /ˈteliprɒm(p)tə/ n.  a device beside a television or cinema camera that slowly unrolls a speaker's script out of sight of the audience (cf. 参见 AUTOCUE) 电子字幕显示机(把讲话人的语句慢慢滚动显示在电视或电影摄影机旁滚动显示讲话人语句的机器以供观众浏览)

telerecord /ˈtelirikɔ:d/ v. tr.  record for television broadcasting 给…作电视录像

telerecording /ˈtelirikɔ:diŋ/ n.  a recorded television broadcast 电视录像

telesales /ˈteliseilz/ n. pl.  selling by means of the telephone 电话销售，电话推销

telescope /ˈteliskəʊp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an optical instrument using lenses or mirrors or both to make distant objects appear nearer and larger 望远镜(使用透镜或反射镜或两者结合把远处物体拉近放大的光学仪器) 2  = RADIO TELESCOPE  ●v.  1 tr.  press or drive (sections of a tube, colliding vehicles, etc.) together so that one slides into another like the sections of a folding telescope (像望远镜折叠伸缩一样)嵌入，嵌进 2 intr.  close or be driven or be capable of closing in this way 叠缩 3 tr.  compress so as to occupy less space or time 压缩(空间或时间)；精简 [Italian telescopio or modern Latin telescopium (as TELE-, -SCOPE)]

telescopic /teliˈskɒpik/ adj.  1  a  of, relating to, or made with a telescope 望远镜的，使用望远镜的  telescopic observations  望远镜观察b  visible only through a telescope 只有通过望远镜才能看得见的  telescopic stars  只有通过望远镜才能看得见的星星 2 (esp. of a lens) able to focus on and magnify distant objects (尤指镜头)能聚焦并放大远处景物的 3  consisting of sections that telescope 可伸缩的；套管式的 □ telescopically  adv.  

telescopic sight n.  a telescope used for sighting on a rifle etc. (枪等武器的)望远镜瞄准具

teleshopping /ˈteliʃɒpiŋ/ n.  the ordering of goods by customers using a telephone or direct computer link 电话购物(顾客使用电话或直接的电脑网络进行定购)

telesoftware /teliˈsɒftwɛə/ n. Brit.  software transmitted or broadcast to receiving terminals [英]电传软件

telesthesia US var.  of TELAESTHESIA [美] TELAESTHESIA 的变体

teletex /ˈteliteks/ n. Brit. propr.  an electronic text transmission system [英] [商标]泰莱泰克思(电子数据传送系统)

teletext /ˈtelitekst/ n.  a news and information service, in the form of text and graphics, from a computer source transmitted to televisions with appropriate receivers 电视文字广播(通过电脑终端把图文并茂的新闻和信息传送到电视屏幕的广播方法)

telethon /ˈteliθɒn/ n.  an exceptionally long television programme, esp. to raise money for a charity (尤其为慈善机构募捐而播放的)马拉松式电视广播节目 [TELE- + -thon as in MARATHON]

teletype /ˈtelitaip/ n. & v. ●n. propr.  a kind of teleprinter [商标] (一种)电传打字机 ●v.  1 intr.  operate a teleprinter 操作电传打字机 2 tr.  send by means of a teleprinter 用电传打字机发送

teletypewriter /teliˈtaipraitə/ n. esp. US [尤美]  = TELEPRINTER 

televangelist /teliˈvæn(d)ʒ(ə)list/ n. (also 亦作 tele-evangelist /teliiˈvæn-/) esp. US  an evangelical preacher who appears regularly on television to promote beliefs and appeal for funds [尤美] (经常在电视上露面、宣传其信仰并募款项的)电视福音传道士 □ televangelism  n.  

televiewer /ˈtelivjʊə/ v. tr.  a person who watches television 电视观众 □ televiewing  adj.  

televise /ˈtelivaiz/ v. tr.  transmit by television 用电视播放，用电视放映 □ televisable  adj.  可由电视播放的，适于电视播放的 [back-formation from TELEVISION]

television /ˈteliviʒ(ə)n, teliˈviʒ(ə)n/ n.  1  a system for reproducing on a screen visual images transmitted (usu. with sound) by radio signals 电视(可在屏幕上再现通过无线电信号发送的通常伴有声音的可视图像系统) 2 (in full 全称 television set)  a device with a screen for receiving these signals 电视(接收)机 3  television broadcasting generally 电视广播业，电视行业

televisual /teliˈviʒjʊəl, -zj-/ adj.  relating to or suitable for television 电视的；适于拍摄电视的；适于电视播放的 □ televisually  adv.  

telework /ˈteliwɜ:k/ v. intr.  = TELECOMMUTE  □ teleworker  n.  

telex /ˈteleks/ n. & v. (also 亦作 Telex) ●n.  an international system of telegraphy with printed messages transmitted and received by teleprinters using the public telecommunications network 电传，用户电传电报(使用公共通讯网络、由电传打字机发送和接收信息的国际电报系统) ●v. tr.  send or communicate with by telex 用电传电报发送；用电传电报进行通讯交流 [TELEPRINTER + EXCHANGE]

tell1 /tel/ v. (past and past part. told /təʊld/)  1 tr.  relate or narrate in speech or writing; give an account of (以话语或书写形式)讲，讲述；叙述  tell me a story  给我讲个故事 2 tr.  make known; express in words; divulge 告知，告诉；宣告；公布  tell me your name  告诉我你的名字 tell me what you want  告诉我你想要什么 3 tr.  reveal or signify to (a person) 显露；给(某人)暗示  your face tells me everything  你的脸告诉了我一切 4 tr.  a  utter 说，说出  don't tell lies  别说谎b  warn 警告  I told you so  我告诉过你会这样的 5 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of, about)  divulge information or a description; reveal a secret 吐露；泄露  I told of the plan  我吐露了这项计划 promise you won't tell  保证不泄密b (foll. by 后跟 on) colloq.  inform against (a person) [口]告发(某人) 6 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  give (a person) a direction or order 吩咐，命令  tell them to wait  叫他们等着 do as you are told  怎么告诉你的，你就怎么做 7 tr.  assure 保证，断定说  it's true, I tell you  是真的，我向你保证 8 tr.  explain in writing; instruct 书面讲解；指示  this book tells you how to cook  这本书告诉你如何烹调 9 tr.  decide, determine, distinguish 决定；确定；分辨，识别，区别  cannot tell which button to press  不能确定按哪个钮 how do you tell one from the other?  你怎么能把这二者区别开来？ 10 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  produce a noticeable effect 产生效果，发生影响  every disappointment tells  每一次失望都有影响 the strain was beginning to tell on me (肌肉) 拉伤开始影响我的身体b  reveal the truth 说明，证明事实  time will tell  时间会证明的c  have an influence 有影响  the evidence tells against you  证据对你不利 11 tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  count (votes) at a meeting, election, etc. (会议、选举等)计数，计票 □ as far as one can tell   judging from the available information 根据现有证据来判断□ tell apart   distinguish between 区分，辨别 usu. with neg. or interrog. 通常用于否定句或疑问句 : could not tell them apart  无法把它们区分开来□ tell me another  colloq.  an expression of incredulity [口]不见得吧；我不相信，哪有这种事□ tell off   1 colloq.  reprimand, scold [口]数落，责备 2  count off or detach for duty 分派，分遣(任务)□ tell a tale (or its own tale)   be significant or revealing 讲故事；泄露内中原因□ tell tales   report a discreditable fact about another 揭露不光彩的事□ tell that to the marines   see 见 MARINE □ tell the time   determine the time from the face of a clock or watch (根据钟或手表)说出时间□ that would be telling  colloq.  that would be to reveal too much (esp. secret or confidential) information [口] (尤指对秘密或保密的事情)泄露太多□ there is no telling   it is impossible to know 无法知道，难以预料  there's no telling what may happen  无法知道会发生什么事□ you're telling me  colloq.  I agree wholeheartedly [口]我完全赞同□ tellable  adj.   [Old English tellan, from Germanic]

tell2 /tel/ n. Archaeol.  an artificial mound in the Middle East etc. formed by the accumulated remains of ancient settlements 【考古】(中东等地区的)土墩遗址(古代人长期生活形成的一种遗址) [Arabic tall ‘hillock’]

teller /ˈtelə/ n.  1  a person employed to receive and pay out money in a bank etc. (在银行等部门从事钱款收支工作的)出纳，出纳员 2  a person who counts (votes) (选票的)计票人 3  a person who tells esp. Stories 讲故事者，叙述者  a teller of tales  讲故事的人 □ tellership  n.  

telling /ˈteliŋ/ adj.  1  having a marked effect; striking 有效的，有力的；显著的 2  significant 显露真情的；说明问题的 □ tellingly  adv.  

telling-off n. (pl. tellings-off) esp. Brit. colloq.  a reproof or reprimand [尤英口]责骂，训斥

tell-tale n.  1  a person who reveals (esp. discreditable) information about another's private affairs or behaviour 搬弄是非者；泄密者 2 (作 attrib.)  that reveals or betrays 泄露秘密的；暴露内情的  a tell-tale smile  流露内心的一笑 3  a device for automatic monitoring or registering of a process etc. (自动监测或登记的)登记机；考勤机；指示器

tellurian /teˈl(j)ʊəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or inhabiting the earth 地球的；居住在地球上的 ●n.  an inhabitant of the earth 地球居民 [Latin tellus -uris ‘earth’]

telluric /teˈl(j)ʊərik/ adj.  1  of the earth as a planet 地球的；源于地球的 2  of the soil 大地的；土地的 3 Chem.  of tellurium, esp. in its higher valency 【化】含碲的(尤指含六价碲) □ tellurate  /-reit/ n.   [Latin tellus -uris ‘earth’: sense 3 from TELLURIUM]

tellurium /teˈl(j)ʊəriəm/ n. Chem.  a rare brittle lustrous silver-white element occurring naturally in ores of gold and silver, used in semiconductors (symbol 符 Te) 【化】(化学元素)碲(金银矿石中的一种稀有元素，银白色，可用作半导体材料) □ telluride  /ˈteljʊraid/ n.  碲化物□ tellurite  /ˈteljʊrait/ n.  亚碲酸盐□ tellurous  adj.  含碲的 [Latin tellus -uris ‘earth’, probably named in contrast to uranium]

telly /ˈteli/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  television 电视 2  a television set 电视机 [abbreviation]

telophase /ˈti:ləfeiz, ˈtel-/ n. Biol.  the final stage of cell division, in which the nuclei of the daughter cells are formed 【生】(细胞有丝分裂的)末期 [Greek telos ‘end’ + PHASE]

telpher /ˈtelfə/ n.  a system for transporting goods etc. by electrically driven trucks or cable cars (运输货物等用的)电动缆车，电动吊车 □ telpherage  n.  高架索道运输系统 [TELE- + -PHORE]

telson /ˈtels(ə)n/ n.  the last segment in the abdomen of crustaceans and arachnids (甲壳动物和蛛形动物腹部的)尾节 [Greek, = limit]

Telugu /ˈteləɡu:/ n. (also 亦作 Telegu) (pl. same 单复同 or Telugus)  1  a member of a Dravidian people in SE India 泰卢固人(居住于印度东南部) 2  the language of this people 泰卢固语 [Telugu]

temblor /temˈblɔ:/ n. US  an earthquake [美]地震 [American Spanish]

temerarious /teməˈrɛəriəs/ adj. literary  reckless, rash [文学用语]不顾一切的；鲁莽的 [Latin temerarius from temere ‘rashly’]

temerity /tiˈmeriti/ n.  1  rashness 鲁莽，冒失 2  audacity, impudence 大胆，蛮勇 [Latin temeritas from temere ‘rashly’]

temp /temp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a temporary employee, esp. a secretary 临时雇员(尤指临时秘书) ●v. intr.  work as a temp 当临时雇员；当临时秘书 [abbreviation]

temp.1 /temp/ abbr.  temperature [缩略]温度

temp.2 /temp/ abbr.  in the time of [缩略]在…之时  temp. Henry I  在亨利一世之时 [Latin tempore, ablative of tempus ‘time’]

temper /ˈtempə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  habitual or temporary disposition of mind esp. as regards composure 心情；性情；脾气  a person of a placid temper  一个性情温和的人 2  irritation or anger 气愤，怒气  in a fit of temper  一气之下 3  a tendency to have fits of anger 易怒，易发脾气  have a temper  容易发脾气 4  composure or calmness 冷静，沉着  keep one's temper  保持冷静 lose one's temper  发脾气，生气 5  the condition of metal as regards hardness and elasticity (金属等的)硬度，韧度，韧性 ●v. tr.  1  bring (metal or clay) to a proper hardness or consistency 使(金属或黏土)达到适当的硬度(或韧度) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  moderate or mitigate 调和；使温和；使缓和  temper justice with mercy  用怜悯来缓和正义 3  tune or modulate (a piano etc.) so as to distance intervals correctly (给钢琴等)调音；调整 □ in a bad temper   angry, peevish 正在发脾气，心情不好□ in a good temper   in an amiable mood 心情好□ out of temper   angry, peevish 发脾气，生气□ show temper   be petulant 使性子，发脾气□ temperative  /-ətiv/ adj.  □ tempered  adj.  □ temperer  n.   [Old English temprian (v.) from Latin temperare ‘mingle’: influenced by Old French temprer, tremper]

tempera /ˈtemp(ə)rə/ n.  1  a method of painting using an emulsion e.g. of pigment with egg, esp. in fine art on canvas 丹配拉画法，蛋彩画法(尤指在画布上用蛋清调和油画颜料的作画方法) 2  this emulsion 丹配拉画颜料，蛋彩画颜料 [Italian, in pingere a tempera ‘paint in distemper’]

temperament /ˈtemp(ə)rəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a person's distinct nature and character, esp. as determined by physical constitution and permanently affecting behaviour 气质；性格(尤指人的天性所成)  a nervous temperament  神经质 the artistic temperament  艺术气质 2  a creative or spirited personality 禀赋，创造性  was full of temperament  充满创造精神 3  an adjustment of intervals in tuning a piano etc. so as to fit the scale for use in all keys, esp. (尤作 equal temperament) an adjustment in which the 12 semitones are at equal intervals (给钢琴等调音时的)节律调整(尤指把 12 半音的节律调整成一致) [Middle English from Latin temperamentum (as TEMPER)]

temperamental /temp(ə)rəˈment(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or having temperament 气质的；有气质的 2  a (of a person) liable to erratic or moody behaviour (人)易发怒的；易激动的b (of a thing, e.g. a machine) working unpredictably; unreliable (指东西，如机器等)性能不稳定的 □ temperamentally  adv.  

temperance /ˈtemp(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  moderation or self-restraint esp. in eating and drinking (尤指在吃、喝方面)节欲，节制 2  a  total or partial abstinence from alcoholic drink (完全或部分地)戒酒b (attrib. 作定语)  advocating or concerned with abstinence (主张)节制的 [Middle English via Anglo-French temperaunce from Latin temperantia (as TEMPER)]

temperate /ˈtemp(ə)rət/ adj.  1  avoiding excess; self-restrained 不过分的；自我克制的 2  moderate 适中的，温和的 3 (of a region or climate) characterized by mild temperatures (地区、气候)温带的，温和的 4  abstemious 有节制的；节省的 □ temperately  adv.  □ temperateness  n.   [Middle English from Latin temperatus, past part. of temperare ‘mingle’]

temperate zone n.  the belt of the earth between the frigid and the torrid zones (地球的酷寒带与炎热带之间的)温带

temperature /ˈtemp(ə)rətʃə/ n.  1  the degree or intensity of heat of a body in relation to others, esp. as shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch etc. (尤指气温计所显示的或通过触摸所感知的)温度，气温 2 Med.  the degree of internal heat of the body 【医】体温 3 colloq.  a body temperature above the normal [口] (在正常体温之上的)热度，发烧  have a temperature  发烧 4  the degree of excitement in a discussion etc. (讨论等活动中的)热烈程度 □ take a person's temperature   ascertain a person's body temperature, esp. as a diagnostic aid (尤指作为诊断病情的)量体温 [French température or Latin temperatura (as TEMPER)]

temperature-humidity index n.  a quantity giving the measure of discomfort due to the combined effects of the temperature and humidity of the air (空气中温度和湿度综合效果的)温湿指数

temperature inversion n. Meteorol. 【气】  = INVERSION 4 

-tempered /ˈtempəd/ comb. form  having a specified temper or disposition (bad-tempered 脾气不好的 ; hot-tempered 脾气暴躁的) [构词成分]性情的，脾气的 □ -temperedly  adv.  □ -temperedness  n.  

tempest /ˈtempist/ n.  1  a violent windy storm 暴风雨；暴风雪；大风暴 2  violent agitation or tumult 骚动，风波 [Middle English from Old French tempest(e), ultimately via Latin tempestas ‘season, storm’, from tempus ‘time’]

tempestuous /temˈpestjʊəs/ adj.  1  stormy 暴风雨的；暴风雪的；大风暴的 2 (of a person, emotion, etc.) turbulent, violent, passionate (人、情感等)骚动的，剧烈的，狂暴的 □ tempestuously  adv.  □ tempestuousness  n.   [Late Latin tempestuosus (as TEMPEST)]

tempi pl.  of TEMPO  

Templar /ˈtemplə/ n.  1  a lawyer or law student with chambers in the Temple, London (在伦敦内殿或中殿法学协会设有事务所或居住在那儿的)律师；法学学生 2 hist. [史义]  = KNIGHT TEMPLAR  [Middle English from Anglo-French templer, Old French templier, medieval Latin templarius (as TEMPLE1)]

template /ˈtemplit, -pleit/ n. (also 亦作 templet)  1  a  a pattern or gauge, usu. a piece of thin board or metal plate, used as a guide in cutting or drilling metal, stone, wood, etc. (切或钻金属、石块、木头等用的)样板，模板b  a flat card or plastic pattern esp. for cutting cloth for patchwork etc. (尤指供剪布拼缀用的)模型，型板 2  a timber or plate used to distribute the weight in a wall or under a beam etc. (墙中或梁下用来支撑重量的)垫木；垫石 3 Biochem.  the molecular pattern governing the assembly of a protein etc. 【生化】(使蛋白质等聚合的)模板 [originally templet, probably from TEMPLE3 + -ET1: influenced by plate]

temple1 /ˈtemp(ə)l/ n.  1  a building devoted to the worship, or regarded as the dwelling place, of a god or gods or other objects of religious reverence (供宗教膜拜或认为是圣灵所居的)圣堂，神殿；庙宇 2 hist.  either of two successive religious buildings of the Jews in Jerusalem [史义] (犹太人在耶路撒冷先后建立的)古神殿 3 N. Amer.  a synagogue [北美]犹太会堂；犹太教堂 4  a place of Christian public worship, esp. a Protestant church in France (尤指法国新教派的)基督教教堂，礼拜堂 5  a place in which God is regarded as residing, esp. a Christian's person or body 上帝所居之处 [Old English temp(e)l, reinforced in Middle English by Old French temple, from Latin templum ‘open or consecrated space’]

temple2 /ˈtemp(ə)l/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  the flat part of either side of the head between the forehead and the ear 太阳穴，鬓角(前额和耳朵之间的头部两边的扁平部分) [Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin tempora, pl. of tempus]

temple3 /ˈtemp(ə)l/ n.  a device in a loom for keeping the cloth stretched (织布机上使布匹撑开的)边撑，伸幅器 [Middle English from Old French, originally the same word as TEMPLE2]

temple block n.  a percussion instrument consisting of a hollow block of wood which is struck with a stick 木鱼(用棍在掏空的木头上敲击的乐器)

templet var.  of TEMPLATE  TEMPLATE 的变体

tempo /ˈtempəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or tempi /-pi:/)  1 Mus.  the speed at which music is or should be played, esp. as characteristic 【音】(尤指特定的音乐演奏时的)速度，拍子  waltz tempo  华尔兹的拍子 2  the rate of motion or activity 速率，节奏  the tempo of the war is quickening  战争的节奏正在加快 [Italian from Latin tempus ‘time’]

temporal1 /ˈtemp(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of worldly as opposed to spiritual affairs; of this life; secular (与精神事务相对)世间的；现世的；世俗的 2  of or relating to time 时间的 3 Gram.  relating to or denoting time or tense 【语法】表示时间的；时态的  temporal conjunction  表示时间的连接词 □ temporally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French temporel, or from Latin temporalis from tempus -oris ‘time’]

temporal2 /ˈtempər(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of or situated in the temples of the head 【解】颞的，太阳穴的  temporal artery  颞动脉 temporal bone  颞骨 [Middle English from Late Latin temporalis from tempora ‘the temples’ (as TEMPLE2)]

temporality /tempəˈræliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  temporariness 暂时(性)，短暂(性) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a secular possession, esp. the properties and revenues of a religious corporation or an ecclesiastic (尤指基督教教会的)财产，收益 [Middle English from Late Latin temporalitas (as TEMPORAL1)]

temporal lobe n.  each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech 颞叶(位于大脑中太阳穴的下端，与话语理解能力有关)

temporal power n.  the power of an ecclesiastic, esp. the Pope, in temporal matters (基督教教会尤指教皇处理世俗事务的)俗权

temporary /ˈtemp(ə)rəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  lasting or meant to last only for a limited time 暂时的，临时的  temporary buildings  临时建筑 temporary relief  暂时的缓解 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person employed temporarily (cf. 参见 TEMP) 临时工 □ temporarily  adv.  □ temporariness  n.   [Latin temporarius from tempus -oris ‘time’]

temporize /ˈtempəraiz/ v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  avoid committing oneself so as to gain time; employ delaying tactics 敷衍，应付；拖延 2  comply temporarily with the requirements of the occasion, adopt a time-serving policy 随潮流，见风使舵 □ temporization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ temporizer  n.   [French temporiser ‘bide one's time’ from medieval Latin temporizare ‘delay’, from tempus -oris ‘time’]

tempt /tem(p)t/ v. tr.  1  entice or incite (a person) to do a wrong or forbidden thing 引诱，诱惑(某人)去做坏事或禁止的事  tempted him to steal it  引诱他去偷东西 2  allure, attract 吸引，使很想做 3  risk provoking (esp. an abstract force or power) 冒…风险  would be tempting fate to try it  试着去做那件事，那将是玩命 4 archaic  make trial of; try the resolution of [古义]试探；考验  God did tempt Abraham  上帝确实考验了一下亚伯拉罕 □ be tempted to   be strongly disposed to 很想做，很愿意做  I am tempted to question this  我很想问一下此事□ temptable  adj.  □ temptability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English via Old French tenter, tempter ‘test’ from Latin temptare ‘handle, test, try’]

temptation /tem(p)ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of tempting; the state of being tempted; incitement esp. to wrongdoing 引诱；诱惑(尤指去做坏事)b (作 the Temptation)  the tempting of Christ by the Devil (see Matt. 4) (魔鬼对基督的)引诱，诱惑(见《马太福音》 4) 2  an attractive thing or course of action 诱惑物(或过程) 3 archaic  putting to the test [古义]试探 [Middle English via Old French tentacion, temptacion from Latin temptatio -onis (as TEMPT)]

tempter /ˈtem(p)tə/ n. (fem. temptress /-tris/)  1  a person who tempts 引诱者，诱惑者 2 (作 the Tempter)  the Devil 魔鬼 [Middle English from Old French tempteur from ecclesiastical Latin temptator -oris (as TEMPT)]

tempting /ˈtem(p)tiŋ/ adj.  1  attractive, inviting 吸引人的，诱人的 2  enticing to evil 诱惑的 □ temptingly  adv.  

tempura /ˈtempʊrə/ n.  a Japanese dish of fish, shellfish, or vegetables, fried in batter 油炸面裹鱼(或贝类)；油炸面裹蔬菜(一种日本佳肴) [Japanese]

ten /ten/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than nine 10 2  a symbol for this (10, x, X) 表示 10 的符号 3  a size etc. denoted by ten 10 号尺码 4  ten o'clock 10 点钟 5  a card with ten pips 10 点的纸牌 6  a set of ten 10 个组成的一组 ●adj.  1  that amount to ten 10 的， 10 个的 2 (as a round number) several (作为整数)10 倍的  ten times as easy  容易 10 倍 □ ten to one   very probably 十之八九，极有可能 [Old English tīen, tēn, from Germanic]

ten. abbr. Mus. [缩略]【音】  tenuto 

tenable /ˈtenəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be maintained or defended against attack or objection 能保持的；能防守的，守得住的  a tenable position  能守得住的阵地 a tenable theory  站得住脚的理论 2 (foll. by 后跟 for, by) (of an office etc.) that can be held for (a specified period) or by (a specified class of person) (职位等)可保留(一段时间)的；可(由某种人)承担的 □ tenability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ tenableness  n.   [French from tenir ‘hold’, from Latin tenēre]

tenace /ˈtenəs/ n. Bridge etc. 【桥牌】  1  two cards, one ranking next above, and the other next below, a card held by an opponent 间张牌(大小隔开一张牌的同花色的两张牌) 2  the holding of such cards 持有间张牌 [French from Spanish tenaza, literally ‘pincers’]

tenacious /tiˈneiʃəs/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  keeping a firm hold of property, principles, life, etc.; not readily relinquishing 抓住(财产、生命等)不放的；坚持(原则)的；不愿放弃的 2 (of memory) retentive (指记忆力)强记的；能记住的 3  holding fast 紧握的 4  strongly cohesive 黏着力强的 5  persistent, resolute 固执的，顽固的 6  adhesive, sticky 黏性的，黏的 □ tenaciously  adv.  □ tenaciousness  n.  □ tenacity  /tiˈnæsiti/ n.   [Latin tenax -acis from tenēre ‘hold’]

tenaculum /tiˈnækjʊləm/ n. (pl. tenacula /-lə/)  a surgeon's sharp hook for picking up arteries etc. (外科手术用的)持钩 [Latin, = holding instrument, from tenēre ‘hold’]

tenancy /ˈtenənsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the status of a tenant; possession as a tenant 租赁；租用 2  the duration or period of this 租赁期限

tenant /ˈtenənt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who rents land or property from a landlord (从地主那儿租用土地或财产的)租户；佃户；房客 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the occupant of a place 占用者；居住者 3 Law  a person holding real property by private ownership 【法律】承租人 ●v. tr.  occupy as a tenant 租赁，租用 □ tenantable  adj.  □ tenantless  adj.   [Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of tenir ‘hold’, from Latin tenēre]

tenant farmer n.  a person who farms rented land 佃农，佃户

tenant right n. Brit.  the right of a tenant to continue a tenancy at the termination of the lease [英]承租人权利

tenantry /ˈtenəntri/ n.  the tenants of an estate etc. (总称)承租人

tench /ten(t)ʃ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a European freshwater fish, Tinca tinca, of the carp family 欧洲淡水鱼(属鲤科鱼类) [Middle English via Old French tenche from Late Latin tinca]

Ten Commandments n. pl. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the divine rules of conduct given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, according to Exod. 20:1 － 17 (根据《出埃及记》 20:1 － 17 ，上帝在西奈山对摩西传授的)十诫

tend1 /tend/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  be apt or inclined 易于，往往会  tends to lose his temper  他容易发脾气 2  serve, conduce 有助于，导致 3  be moving; be directed; hold a course 走向；倾向于  tends in our direction  朝着我们的方向来 tends downwards  朝向下面 tends to the same conclusion  得出同样的结论 [Middle English via Old French tendre ‘stretch’ from Latin tendere tens- or tent-]

tend2 /tend/ v.  1 tr.  take care of, look after (an invalid, a flock, a machine, etc.) 照料，照管，看管(病人、羊群、机器等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  wait on 伺候；护理 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to) esp. US  give attention to [尤美]注意，关心 □ tendance  n. archaic [古义]   [Middle English, from ATTEND]

tendency /ˈtend(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to, towards)  a leaning or inclination, a way of tending 倾向；趋势，趋向 2  a group within a larger political party or movement (政党或政治运动中的)社团 [medieval Latin tendentia (as TEND1)]

tendentious /tenˈdenʃəs/ adj. derog. (of writing etc.) calculated to promote a particular cause or viewpoint; having an underlying purpose [贬] (文章等)引起争论的；有偏见的，倾向性的 □ tendentiously  adv.  □ tendentiousness  n.   [as TENDENCY + -OUS]

tender1 /ˈtendə/ adj. (tenderer, tenderest)  1  easily cut or chewed, not tough (肉)嫩的，不硬的  tender steak  嫩牛排 2  easily touched or wounded, susceptible to pain or grief 多愁善感的，易受感动的，一触即痛的  a tender heart  软心肠 a tender conscience  易受触动的良知 3  easily hurt, sensitive 易受伤的；敏感的  tender skin  敏感的皮肤 a tender place  敏感的地方 4  delicate, fragile 纤弱的，脆弱的，易碎的  a tender reputation  脆弱的名望 5  loving, affectionate, fond 慈爱的；温情的；温柔的  tender parents  慈爱的双亲 wrote tender verses  创作温情的诗句 6  requiring tact or careful handling, ticklish 审慎的，需小心处理的；棘手的，难对付的  a tender subject  一个棘手的题目 7 (of age) early, immature (指年龄)幼稚的，未成熟的  of tender years  年幼的 8 (usu. foll. by 常后跟 of)  solicitous, concerned 爱惜的；关心的，担忧的  tender of his honour  关心自己的名誉 □ tenderly  adv.  □ tenderness  n.   [Middle English via Old French tendre from Latin tener]

tender2 /ˈtendə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a  offer, present (one's services, apologies, resignation, etc.) 提供(服务)；提出(道歉、辞职等)b  offer (money etc.) as payment 交付，支付(钱等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a tender for the supply of a thing or the execution of work (为提供某件东西或承接某项工作而)投标 ●n.  an offer, esp. an offer in writing to execute work or supply goods at a fixed price (尤指以某一确定价格承接工作或提供货物的)投标；投标书 □ put out to tender   seek tenders in respect of (work etc.) (为工作等)投标□ tenderer  n.   [Old French tendre: see TEND1]

tender3 /ˈtendə/ n.  1  a person who looks after people or things 照料人，照管人 2  a vessel attending a larger one to supply stores, convey passengers or orders, etc. (载在大船上以提供补给品或运送旅客等用的)附属船；供应船；后勤舰；交通艇 3  a special truck closely coupled to a steam locomotive to carry fuel, water, etc. (挂在火车机车后运送燃料、水等的)煤水车 [Middle English, from TEND2 or from ATTENDER (as ATTEND)]

tender-eyed adj.  1  having gentle eyes 目光温柔慈祥的 2  weak-eyed 视力弱的

tenderfoot /ˈtendəfʊt/ n. (pl. -s or -feet)  a newcomer or novice, esp. in the bush or in the Scouts or Guides (尤指丛林、童子军或导游中的)新来者，新手；尚无经验者

tender-hearted adj.  having a tender heart, easily moved by pity etc. 心肠软的；有恻隐之心的 □ tender-heartedness  n.  

tenderize /ˈtendəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make tender, esp. make (meat) tender by beating etc. (尤指通过捶打等)使软化，使(肉)嫩化 □ tenderizer  n.  (肉类)软化剂，嫩化剂

tenderloin /ˈtendəlɔin/ n.  1  a  the tenderest part of a loin of beef, pork, etc. 里脊肉，嫩腰肉(牛肉、猪肉等最嫩的部分)b US  the undercut of a sirloin [美]背脊肉，腰肉 2 US slang  a district of a city where vice and corruption are prominent [美] [俚语] (城市中邪恶和腐败猖獗有油水可捞的)油水区

tender mercies n. pl. iron.  attention or treatment which is not in the best interests of its recipient [讽]温柔的怜悯(非接受者最感兴趣的关心或待遇)

tender spot n.  a subject on which a person is touchy 痛处；一提起来就伤人感情的话题

tendon /ˈtendən/ n.  1  a cord or strand of strong fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone etc. 腱(使肌肉附着于骨头等上的纤维组织) 2 (in a quadruped 四足哺乳动物的)  = HAMSTRINGn. 2  □ tendinitis  /tendiˈnaitis/ n. (also 亦作 tendonitis)  □ tendinous  /-dinəs/ adj.   [French tendon or medieval Latin tendo -dinis from Greek tenōn ‘sinew’, from teinō ‘stretch’]

tendril /ˈtendril/ n.  1  each of the slender leafless shoots by which some climbing plants cling for support (某些攀援植物所依附的)卷须 2  a slender curl of hair etc. 卷发，卷毛 [probably from obsolete French tendrillon, diminutive of obsolete tendron ‘young shoot’, ultimately from Latin tener TENDER1]

Tenebrae /ˈtenibri:, -brei/ n. pl.  1 RC Ch. hist.  matins and lauds for the last three days of Holy Week, at which candles are successively extinguished 【天主教】[史义]熄灯礼拜(指在复活节前一周最后三天的早课经和赞美经，举行礼拜仪式时将灯烛依次熄灭) 2  this office set to music (配有音乐的)熄灯礼拜仪式 [Latin, = darkness]

tenebrous /ˈtenibrəs/ adj. literary  dark, gloomy [文学用语]暗的，黑暗的；阴暗的 [Middle English via Old French tenebrus from Latin tenebrosus (as TENEBRAE)]

tenement /ˈtenəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of flats (一幢房子里或成片楼群里单独分开而居的)房间；套房 2 (in full 全称 tenement house) US & Sc.  a house divided into and let in tenements [美和苏格兰] (分隔成多间供出租的)经济住房，公寓房 3  a dwelling place 居所，栖息之地 4  a  a piece of land held by an owner (有主的)一块土地b Law  any kind of permanent property, e.g. lands or rents, held from a superior 【法律】(受于他人并终身享有的)财物，财产(如土地或租金) □ tenemental  /-ˈment(ə)l/ adj.  □ tenementary  /-ˈment(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin tenementum, from tenēre ‘hold’]

tenesmus /tiˈnezməs/ n. Med.  a continual inclination to evacuate the bowels or bladder accompanied by painful straining 【医】里急后重，下坠(持续性地想解大便，或膀胱伴有疼痛紧张感) [medieval Latin from Greek teinesmos ‘straining’, from teinō ‘stretch’]

tenet /ˈtenit, ˈti:net/ n.  a doctrine, dogma, or principle held by a group or person (团体或个人所信奉的)教义；信条；原则 [Latin, = he etc. holds, from tenēre ‘hold’]

tenfold /ˈtenfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  ten times as much or as many 10 倍的 2  consisting of ten parts 有 10 部分的

ten-gallon hat n.  a cowboy's large broad-brimmed hat (牛仔戴的)高顶宽边呢帽

tenia US var.  of TAENIA [美] TAENIA 的变体

Tenn. abbr.  Tennessee [缩略] (美国)田纳西州

tenner /ˈtenə/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a ten-pound or ten-dollar note [尤英口] 10 英镑， 10 美元钞票 [TEN]

tennis /ˈtenis/ n.  a game in which two or four players strike a ball with rackets over a net stretched across a court (see 见 LAWN TENNIS, REAL TENNIS) 网球运动(一种由 2 人或 4 人玩的游戏，用球拍把球击过球场中间的球网) [Middle English tenetz, tenes, etc., apparently from Old French tenez ‘take, receive’ (called by the server to an opponent), imperative of tenir ‘take’]

tennis ball n.  a ball used in playing tennis 网球

tennis court n.  a court used in playing tennis 网球场

tennis elbow n.  a painful inflammation of the tendons in the elbow caused by or as by playing tennis 网球肘(打网球时造成手肘肌腱疼痛发炎的一种症状)

tennis racket n.  a racket used in playing tennis 网球拍

tennis shoe n.  a light canvas or leather soft-soled shoe suitable for tennis or general casual wear 网球鞋(一种由帆布或皮革制成的轻便软鞋，适合打网球时或一般休闲时穿)

tenno /ˈtenəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  the Emperor of Japan viewed as a divinity (被看作神一般的)日本天皇 [Japanese]

tenny var.  of TENN É TENNÉ 的变体

Tennysonian /teniˈsəʊniən/ adj.  relating to or in the style of Alfred (Lord) Tennyson, English poet d. 1892 (卒于 1892 年的英国诗人)丁尼生的；丁尼生作品的；丁尼生风格的

tenné /ˈteni/ n. & (usu. placed after noun 通常位于名词后) adj. (also 亦作 tenny) Heraldry  orange-brown 【纹章学】棕褐色(的) [obsolete French, variant of tanné TAWNY]

tenon /ˈtenən/ n. & v. ●n.  a projecting piece of wood made for insertion into a corresponding cavity (esp. a mortise) in another piece (木工器物中尤指与榫孔相接合的)榫子，榫头 ●v. tr.  1  cut as a tenon 开榫，制榫 2  join by means of a tenon 用榫接合 □ tenoner  n.   [Middle English via French, from tenir ‘hold’, from Latin tenēre]

tenon saw n.  a small saw with a strong brass or steel back for fine work 开榫锯(木工活中的一种铜制或钢制小锯)

tenor /ˈtenə/ n.  1  a  a singing voice between baritone and alto or counter-tenor, the highest of the ordinary adult male range 男高音b  a singer with this voice 男高音歌手c  a part written for it 男高音部 2  a  an instrument, esp. a viola, recorder, or saxophone, of which the range is roughly that of a tenor voice (尤指中提琴或萨克斯管的类似于男高音的)次中音乐器b (in full 全称 tenor bell)  the largest bell of a peal or set (组钟中的)最低音钟 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  the general purport or drift of a document or speech (文章或讲话中的)大意，要领 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a settled or prevailing course or direction, esp. the course of a person's life or habits (尤指一个人生活习惯的)稳定进程；一般趋向 5 Law 【法律】  a  the actual wording of a document (文件的)原文b  an exact copy 正确文本 6  the subject to which a metaphor refers (opp. 反义 VEHICLE 4) (隐喻所指的)主题 [Middle English via Anglo-French tenur, Old French tenour from Latin tenor -oris, from tenēre ‘hold’]

tenor clef n. Mus.  a clef placing middle C on the second highest line of the staff 【音】次中音谱号

tenorist /ˈtenərist/ n.  a person who sings a tenor part or esp. who plays a tenor instrument 男高音歌手，(尤指)次中音乐器演奏者

tenosynovitis /ˌtenəʊsainə(ʊ)ˈvaitis/ n.  inflammation and swelling of a tendon, usu. in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements such as typing 腱鞘炎(通常指打字一类的反复性活动造成手腕等处肌腱发炎红肿) [Greek tenōn ‘tendon’ + SYNOVITIS]

tenotomy /təˈnɒtəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical cutting of a tendon, esp. as a remedy for a club foot (尤指为了医治畸形足而进行的)腱切断术 [French ténotomie, formed irregularly from Greek tenōn -ontos ‘tendon’]

tenpin /ˈtenpin/ n.  1  a pin used in tenpin bowling (滚木球游戏中使用的)瓶形滚柱 2 (in pl. 用复数) US [美]  = TENPIN BOWLING 

tenpin bowling n.  a game developed from ninepins in which ten pins are set up at the end of an alley and bowled down with hard rubber or plastic balls 十柱滚木球游戏

tenrec /ˈtenrek/ n. (also 亦作 tanrec /ˈtæn-/)  any hedgehog-like insect-eating mammal of the family Tenrecidae, esp. the tailless Tenrec ecaudatus native to Madagascar (尤指产于马达加斯加岛的一种食昆虫的)无尾猬 [French tanrec, from Malagasy tɑˋndraka]

TENS abbr.  transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [缩略]皮肤电神经刺激

tense1 /tens/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  stretched tight, strained 拉紧的，绷紧的；紧张的  tense cord  拉紧的绳 tense muscle  绷紧的肌肉 tense nerves  绷紧的神经 tense emotion  紧张的情绪 2  causing tenseness 紧张的；引起紧张的  a tense moment  紧张的时刻 3 Phonet.  pronounced with the vocal muscles tense 【语音】紧元音的 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become tense 使拉紧，使绷紧；使紧张 □ tense up   become tense 紧张起来□ tensely  adv.  □ tenseness  n.  □ tensity  n.   [Latin tensus, past part. of tendere ‘stretch’]

tense2 /tens/ n. Gram. 【语法】  1  a form taken by a verb to indicate the time (also the continuance or completeness) of the action etc. (动词的)时态(表示动作行为的时间、延续或完成)  present tense  现在时 imperfect tense  未完成时 2  a set of such forms for the various persons and numbers (不同人称和数的)时态形式 □ tenseless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French tens from Latin tempus ‘time’]

tensile /ˈtensail/ adj.  1  of or relating to tension 拉力的，张力的 2  capable of being drawn out or stretched 能拉长的；能伸展的 □ tensility  /tenˈsiliti/ n.   [medieval Latin tensilis (as TENSE1)]

tensile strength n.  resistance to breaking under tension 抗拉强度，拉伸强度

tensimeter /tenˈsimitə/ n.  1  an instrument for measuring vapour pressure (测量蒸气压力的)张力计 2  a manometer 压力计，测压计 [TENSION + -METER]

tension /ˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or an instance of stretching; the state of being stretched; tenseness 拉紧，绷紧；拉紧状态(或程度) 2  mental strain or excitement (精神上的)紧张，激动 3  a strained (political, social, etc.) state or relationship (政治、社会等的)紧张状态，紧张局势 4 Mech.  the strained condition resulting from forces acting in opposition to each other 【机】张力，拉力(两种作用相反的力量所造成的紧张状况) 5  electromagnetic force 电磁力，电压  high tension  高压 low tension  低压 6  the degree of tightness of stitches in knitting and machine sewing (编织物和机器缝纫物的)紧密度，针数 ●v. tr.  subject to tension 使拉紧，使绷紧；使紧张 □ tensional  adj.  □ tensionally  adv.  □ tensioner  n.  □ tensionless  adj.   [French tension or Latin tensio (as TEND1)]

tenson /ˈtens(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 tenzon /ˈti:nz(ə)n/) hist. [史义]  1  a contest in verse-making between troubadours 吟诗比赛 2  a piece of verse composed for this (吟诗比赛中的)吟颂的诗文 [French tenson, = Provençal tenso (as TENSION)]

tensor /ˈtensə, -sɔ:/ n.  1 Anat.  a muscle that tightens or stretches a part of the body 【解】张肌(使身体某一部位绷紧或伸展的肌肉) 2 Math.  a generalized form of vector involving an arbitrary number of indices 【数】张量(一种普通形式的向量，涉及到任意数量的指数) □ tensorial  /-ˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.   [modern Latin (as TEND1)]

tent1 /tent/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a portable shelter or dwelling of canvas, cloth, etc., supported by a pole or poles and stretched by cords or loops attached to pegs driven into the ground 帐篷，帐棚 2 Med. 【医】  = OXYGEN TENT  ●v.  1 tr.  cover with or as with a tent 用帐篷(或帐篷状物)遮盖 2 tr. (as 作 tented adj.)  composed of or provided with tents 帐篷的；在帐篷里宿营的  tented village  帐篷村 tented field  帐篷宿营地 3 intr.  a  camp in a tent 住帐篷；宿营b  dwell temporarily 暂时居住 [Middle English from Old French tente, ultimately from Latin tendere ‘stretch’]

tent2 /tent/ n.  a deep red sweet wine chiefly from Spain, used esp. as sacramental wine 西班牙红葡萄酒(一种深红色葡萄酒，主要产于西班牙，尤用作圣酒) [Spanish tinto ‘deep-coloured’ from Latin tinctus, past part. of tingere ‘dye, stain’]

tent3 /tent/ n. Surgery  a piece (esp. a roll) of lint, linen, etc., inserted into a wound or natural opening to keep it open 【外科】(一种用纱布或软麻布等制成的、塞在伤口里或自然开口里使其保持开放状态的)塞条，塞子 [Middle English from Old French tente, from tenter ‘to probe’ (as TEMPT)]

tentacle /ˈtentək(ə)l/ n.  1  a long slender flexible appendage of an (esp. invertebrate) animal, used for feeling, grasping, or moving (尤指无脊椎动物用来感觉、抓捕或活动的、细长而灵活的)触手，触角，触须 2  a thing used like a tentacle as a feeler etc. 似触手的东西 3 Bot.  a sensitive hair or filament 【植】触毛；花丝 □ tentacled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ tentacular  /-ˈtækjʊlə/ adj.  □ tentaculate  /-ˈtækjʊlət/ adj.   [modern Latin tentaculum, from Latin tentare = temptare (see TEMPT) + -culum -CULE]

tentage /ˈtentidʒ/ n.  tents; tenting equipment (总称)帐篷；帐篷设备

tentative /ˈtentətiv/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  done by way of trial, experimental 试探性的；实验性的 2  hesitant, not definite 犹豫的，迟疑不决的  tentative suggestion  试探性的建议 tentative acceptance  犹豫不决的接受 ●n.  an experimental proposal or theory 试探性的建议；实验性的理论 □ tentatively  adv.  □ tentativeness  n.   [medieval Latin tentativus (as TENTACLE)]

tent-bed n.  a bed with a tentlike canopy, or for a patient in an oxygen tent 有顶篷的床；(病人睡的)氧幕床

tent coat n. (also 亦作 tent dress)  a coat (or dress) cut very full 大下摆上衣

tenter1 /ˈtentə/ n.  1  a machine for stretching cloth to dry in shape (拉伸布料使其晒干成形的)拉幅机 2  = TENTERHOOK  [Middle English, ultimately from medieval Latin tentorium (as TEND1)]

tenter2 /ˈtentə/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a person in charge of something, esp. of machinery in a factory (尤指工厂机器的)照管人 2  a worker's unskilled assistant (工人手下无技术的)帮手，助手 [tent (now Scots) ‘pay attention’, perhaps via tent ‘attention’ from INTENT, or from obsolete attent (as ATTEND)]

tenterhook /ˈtentəhʊk/ n.  any of the hooks to which cloth is fastened on a tenter (使布料拴在拉幅机上的)拉幅钩 □ on tenterhooks   in a state of suspense or mental agitation due to uncertainty 提心吊胆，如坐针毡

tent-fly n. (pl. -flies)  1  a flap at the entrance to a tent 帐篷门帘 2  a flysheet (帐篷的)帆布外顶

tenth /tenθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 10 in the sequence 1-10 第 10 2  something occupying this position 第 10 个(东西) 3  one of ten equal parts of a thing 十分之一 4 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning an octave and a third in the diatonic scale 第十音级，十度音b  a note separated from another by this interval 十度音程，十度和音 ●adj.  that is the tenth 第 10 的 □ tenthly  adv.   [Middle English tenthe, alteration of Old English teogotha]

tenth-rate adj.  of extremely poor quality (质量)最低等的，劣等的

tent peg n.  any of the pegs to which the cords of a tent are attached 帐篷桩，帐篷钉

tent stitch n.  1  a series of parallel diagonal stitches (一系列的)斜向平行针路 2  such a stitch 斜向平行针

tenuity /tiˈnju:iti/ n.  1  slenderness 纤细；细薄 2 (of a fluid, esp. air) rarity, thinness (流体，尤指空气等的)稀薄 [Latin tenuitas (as tenuis TENUOUS)]

tenuous /ˈtenjʊəs/ adj.  1  slight, of little substance 微弱的；不牢固的  tenuous connection  不牢固的关系 2 (of a distinction etc.) oversubtle (区别等)微妙的，不明确的，含糊不清的 3  thin, slender, small 细的；薄的；小的 4  rarefied 稀薄的，稀少的 □ tenuously  adv.  □ tenuousness  n.   [Latin tenuis]

tenure /ˈtenjə/ n.  1  a condition, or form of right or title, under which (esp. real) property is held (尤指不动产的)保有；保有权；保有条件 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  the holding or possession of an office or property (职位或财产的)占有；占有权b  the period of this (职位的)任期，财产的(占有期)  during his tenure of office  在他担任这一职位期间 3  guaranteed permanent employment, esp. as a teacher or lecturer after a probationary period (尤指教师在试用期满后被授予的)终身职位 [Middle English from Old French, from tenir ‘hold’, from Latin tenēre]

tenured /ˈtenjəd/ adj.  1 (of an official position) carrying a guarantee of permanent employment 享有终身职位的 2 (of a teacher, lecturer, etc.) having guaranteed tenure of office (教师等)享有终身教职的

tenurial /tenˈjʊəriəl/ adj.  of the tenure of land 土地所有权的 □ tenurially  adv.   [medieval Latin tenūra TENURE]

tenuto /təˈnu:təʊ/ adv., adj. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv. & adj. (of a note etc.) sustained, given its full time value (cf. 参见 LEGATO, STACCATO) (音符等)保持着的 ●n. (pl. -os)  a note or chord played tenuto 保持音(或和弦) [Italian, = held]

ten-week stock n.  a variety of stock, Matthiola incana, said to bloom ten weeks after the sowing of the seed 一年生紫罗兰(一种紫罗兰属植物，据说在播下种子后 10 周就开花)

tenzon var.  of TENSON  TENSON 的变体

teocalli /ti:əˈkæli/ n. (pl. teocallis)  a temple of the Aztecs or other Mexican peoples, usu. on a truncated pyramid (通常筑于截顶金字塔形土山上的阿兹特克人或墨西哥其他民族的)古神庙 [Nahuatl, from teotl ‘god’ + calli ‘house’]

teosinte /ti:əʊˈsinti/ n.  a Mexican grass, Zea mexicana, grown as fodder 墨西哥类蜀黍 [French from Nahuatl teocintli]

tepal /ˈtep(ə)l, ˈti:p(ə)l/ n.  a segment of the outer whorl in a flower having no differentiation between petals and sepals (花朵中的)瓣状被片 [French tépale, as blend of PETAL and SEPAL]

tepee /ˈti:pi:/ n. (also 亦作 teepee, tipi)  a N. American Indian's conical tent, made of skins, cloth, or canvas on a frame of poles (北美印第安人用皮、布或帆布等制成的)圆锥形帐篷 [Sioux tīpī]

tephra /ˈtefrə/ n.  fragmented rock etc. ejected by a volcanic eruption (火山爆发时产生的)火山灰 [Greek, = ash]

tepid /ˈtepid/ adj.  1  slightly warm 温热的，微热的 2  unenthusiastic 不热情的，不热烈的 □ tepidity  /tiˈpiditi/ n.  □ tepidly  adv.  □ tepidness  n.   [Latin tepidus from tepēre ‘be lukewarm’]

tequila /teˈki:lə/ n.  a Mexican liquor made from an agave 特奎拉酒(墨西哥一种用龙舌兰制作的酒) [Tequila, a town in Mexico where the drink was first produced]

ter- /tɜ:/ comb. form  three; threefold (tercentenary 300 年 ; tervalent 三价的) [构词成分]三；三倍 [Latin ter ‘thrice’]

tera- /ˈterə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1012 [构词成分]表示“太拉”，“兆兆”，“万亿” [Greek teras ‘monster’]

teraflop /ˈterəflɒp/ n. Computing  a unit of computing speed equal to one million million floating-point operations per second 【计算】(计算速度单位，每秒运行速度等于 1 万亿次浮点)

terai /təˈrai/ n. (in full 全称 terai hat)  a wide-brimmed felt hat, often with a double crown, worn by travellers etc. in subtropical regions (亚热带地区游人等通常戴的一种)宽边毡帽 [Terai, belt of marshy jungle between Himalayan foothills and plains, from Hindi tarɑˉī ‘moist (land)’]

teraph /ˈterəf/ n. (pl. teraphim, also used as sing 亦用作单数)  a small image as a domestic deity or oracle of the ancient Hebrews (古代希伯来人家里供奉的)神像 [Middle English via Late Latin theraphim, Greek theraphin from Hebrew tĕrɑˉpîm]

terato- /ˈterətəʊ, teˈrætəʊ/ comb. form  monster [构词成分]怪物，畸形 [Greek teras -atos ‘monster’]

teratogen /teˈrætədʒ(ə)n, ˈterətədʒ(ə)n/ n. Med.  an agent or factor causing malformation of an embryo 【医】(一种造成胚胎畸形的)畸胎剂，致畸剂 □ teratogenic  /terətəˈdʒenik/ adj.  □ teratogeny  /terəˈtɒdʒ(ə)ni/ n.  

teratology /terəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  1 Med. & Biol.  the scientific study of congenital abnormalities and abnormal formations 【医】【生】畸形学 2  mythology relating to fantastic creatures, monsters, etc. (与神灵、妖魔鬼怪等相关的)传说故事 □ teratological  /-təˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ teratologist  n.  

teratoma /terəˈtəʊmə/ n. Med.  a tumour of heterogeneous tissues, esp. of the gonads 【医】(尤指性腺的)畸胎瘤

terawatt /ˈterəwɒt/ n.  a unit of power equal to 1012 watts or a million megawatts 太拉瓦特(相当于 1012 或 100 万兆瓦的能量单位)

terbium /ˈtɜ:biəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series (symbol 符 Tb) 【化】(化学元素)铽(镧系中的一种银色金属元素) [modern Latin, named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden where it was discovered]

terce /tɜ:s/ n. Eccl.  the office of the third canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the third hour of the day (i.e. 9 a.m.) 【教会】天主教的第三时段(即上午 9 点)祈祷 [variant of TIERCE]

tercel var.  of TIERCEL  TIERCEL 的变体

tercentenary /tɜ:senˈti:n(ə)ri, -ˈten, tɜ:ˈsentin(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a three-hundredth anniversary 300 周年纪念 2  a celebration of this 300 周年庆典 ●adj.  of this anniversary 300 年的； 300 周年纪念(的)

tercentennial /tɜ:senˈteniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  occurring every three hundred years 每 300 年一次的 2  lasting three hundred years 持续 300 年的 ●n.  a tercentenary 300 周年纪念

tercet /ˈtɜ:sit/ n. (also 亦作 tiercet /ˈtiə-/) Prosody  a set or group of three lines rhyming together or connected by rhyme with an adjacent triplet 【诗体】同韵三行诗节 [French from Italian terzetto, diminutive of terzo ‘third’, from Latin tertius]

terebene /ˈterəbi:n/ n.  a mixture of terpenes prepared by treating oil of turpentine with sulphuric acid, used as an expectorant etc. 松节油萜，芸香烯(用作祛痰剂等) [TEREBINTH + -ENE]

terebinth /ˈterəbinθ/ n.  a small southern European tree, Pistacia terebinthus, yielding resin formerly used as a source of turpentine 松节油(欧洲南部的一种矮小树木，其产生的松脂) [Middle English via Old French terebinte or Latin terebinthus from Greek terebinthos]

terebinthine /terəˈbinθain, -i:n/ adj.  1  of the terebinth 松脂的 2  of turpentine 松节油的 [Latin terebinthinus from Greek terebinthinos (as TEREBINTH)]

teredo /təˈri:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any bivalve mollusc of the genus Teredo, esp. T. navalis, that bores into wooden ships etc. Also called 亦称作 SHIPWORM 船蛆，凿船贝 [Latin from Greek terēdōn, from teirō ‘rub hard, wear away, bore’]

Terence /ˈterəns/   特伦斯 [人名]

terephthalic acid /terəfˈθælik/ n. Chem.  the para- isomer of phthalic acid, used in making plastics and other polymers 【化】对苯二酸(用于制造塑料和其他聚合物) [terebic from TEREBINTH, + PHTHALIC ACID]

Teresa /təˈri:zə/   特里萨 [人名]

terete /təˈri:t/ adj. Biol.  smooth and rounded; cylindrical 【生】圆而光滑的；圆柱状的 [Latin teres -etis]

tergal /ˈtɜ:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the back; dorsal 背面的，背板的；背甲的 [Latin tergum ‘back’]

tergiversate /ˈtɜ:dʒivəseit, -ˌvɜ:seit/ v. intr.  1  be apostate; change one's party or principles 背叛，变节；改变立场 2  equivocate; make conflicting or evasive statements 支吾其辞，含糊其辞 3  turn one's back on something 推诿，搪塞 □ tergiversation  /-ˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ tergiversator  n.   [Latin tergiversari ‘turn one's back’, from tergum ‘back’ + vertere vers- ‘turn’]

-teria /ˈtiəriə/ suffix  denoting self-service establishments (washeteria 自助洗衣店) 表示“自助服务的设置” [on the pattern of CAFETERIA]

term /tɜ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a word used to express a definite concept, esp. in a particular branch of study etc. (尤指具体学科等用以表示明确概念的)专门名词，术语  a technical term  技术术语 2 (in pl. 用复数)  language used; mode of expression (所用的)措辞，词语；表达方式  answered in no uncertain terms  以明确无误的措辞回答 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a relation or footing 关系；地位  we are on familiar terms  我们关系密切 4 (in pl. 用复数)  a  conditions or stipulations 条件；条款  cannot accept your terms  不能接受你们的条件 do it on your own terms  依照自己的条件去做b  charge or price 费用，价格  his terms are £ 20 a lesson  他讲课的费用是一节课 20 英镑 5  a  a limited period of some state or activity 期限  for a term of five years  期限 5 年b  a period over which operations are conducted or results contemplated 期，时期  in the short term  在短时期内c  a period of some weeks, alternating with holiday or vacation, during which instruction is given in a school, college, or university, or during which a law court holds sessions (学校的)学期；(法庭的)开庭期d  a period of imprisonment 服刑期e  a period of tenure 任期 6 Logic  a word or words that may be the subject or predicate of a proposition 【逻辑学】全项，项 7 Math. 【数】  a  each of the two quantities in a ratio (比率中两项的)每一项b  each quantity in a series (序列项中的)每一项c  a part of an expression joined to the rest by + or - (e.g. a, b, c in a+b-c) (通过 + 号或－号与其余部分相连的)项(如 a+b-c 中的 a ， b ， c 各项) 8  the completion of a normal length of pregnancy (正常怀孕时间的)足月，足孕 9  an appointed day, esp. a Scottish quarter day (尤指苏格兰的一季度一付的)支付日，结账日 10 (in full 全称 Brit. [英] term of years or US [美] term for years) Law  an interest in land for a fixed period 【法律】租期内的地产租用权益 11 Archit 【建】  = TERMINUS 6  12 archaic  a boundary or limit, esp. of time [古义] (尤指时间的)界限，极限 ●v. tr.  denominate, call; assign a term to 把…称为，把…叫做  the music termed classical  被称为古典的音乐 □ bring to terms   cause to accept conditions 使…接受或同意条件□ come to terms   yield, give way 妥协，让步□ come to terms with   1  reconcile oneself to (a difficulty etc.) 使自己屈服于(困难等) 2  conclude an agreement with 与…达成协议□ in set terms   in definite terms 用确切的词语□ in terms   explicitly 明确地□ in terms of   in the language peculiar to, using as a basis of expression or thought 用…的措辞；用…的表达或思想方式；从…方面来说□ make terms   conclude an agreement 达成协议□ on terms   on terms of friendship or equality 以朋友关系；以平等地位□ termless  adj.  无限期的；无条件的□ termly  adj. & adv.  定期的(地)；每学期的(地) [Middle English via Old French terme from Latin TERMINUS]

termagant /ˈtɜ:məɡ(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an overbearing or brawling woman; a virago or shrew 悍妇；泼妇 2 (作 Termagant) hist.  an imaginary deity of violent and turbulent character, often appearing in morality plays [史义] (道德剧中经常刻画的凶狠泼辣的)神祇；女神 ●adj.  violent, turbulent, shrewish 凶悍的，泼辣的 [Middle English Tervagant via Old French Tervagan from Italian Trivigante]

term for years  see 见 TERM n. 10 

terminable /ˈtɜ:minəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that may be terminated 可终止的 2  coming to an end after a certain time 有期限的  terminable annuity  有期限的养老年金 □ terminableness  n.  

terminal /ˈtɜ:min(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a (of a disease) ending in death, fatal (指疾病)不治的，致命的b (of a patient) in the last stage of a fatal disease (病人)末期的，晚期的c (of a morbid condition) forming the last stage of a fatal disease (指病情)末期的，晚期的d colloq.  ruinous, disastrous, very great [口]毁灭性的；灾难性的；非常的  terminal laziness  非常的懒惰 2  of or forming a limit or terminus 终点的；终端的  terminal station  终点站 3  a Zool.  etc. ending a series 【动】端的，末端的  terminal joints  端关节b Bot.  borne at the end of a stem etc. 【植】顶生的 4  of or done etc. each term 学期的，期末的；终止的  terminal accounts  终结账户 terminal examinations  期末考试 ●n.  1  a terminating thing; an extremity 末端；终点；极限 2  a terminus for trains or long-distance buses (火车或长途汽车的)终点站 3  a departure and arrival building for air passengers at an airport (机场旅客出发和到达的)候机大楼 4  a point of connection for closing an electric circuit (闭合电路的)端子 5  an apparatus for transmission of messages between a user and a computer, communications system, etc. (用户和计算机、通讯系统等之间传送信息的)终端；终端设备 6 (in full 全称 terminal figure)  = TERMINUS 6  7  an installation where oil is stored at the end of a pipeline or at a port (输油管线尽头或港口储存石油的)终端设施 8 Brit.  a patient suffering from a terminal illness [英]身患不治之症的病人 □ terminally  adv.   [Latin terminalis (as TERMINUS)]

terminal velocity n.  a velocity of a falling body such that the resistance of the air etc. prevents further increase of speed under gravity 终端速度(指降落物体受空气等阻力影响，其速度不再加快)

terminate /ˈtɜ:mineit/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  bring or come to an end 结束，使终止 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in) (of a word) end in (a specified letter or syllable etc.) (指单词在某字母或音节等处)结束 3 tr.  end (a pregnancy) before term by artificial means (通过人工手段提前)终止(妊娠) 4 tr.  bound, limit 限制；束缚 [Latin terminare (as TERMINUS)]

termination /tɜ:miˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of terminating; the state of being terminated 结束；终止 2 Med.  an induced abortion 【医】终止妊娠，流产 3  an ending or result of a specified kind 结果；结局  a happy termination  幸福的结局 4  a word's final syllable or letters or letter esp. as an element in inflection or derivation 词尾音节或字母(尤指屈折或派生的词尾) □ put a termination to (or bring to a termination)   make an end of 结束，终止□ terminational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French termination or Latin terminatio (as TERMINATE)]

terminator /ˈtɜ:mineitə/ n.  1  a person or thing that terminates 终结者；终止物 2  the dividing line between the light and dark part of a planetary body (指星体的)明暗界线

terminer  see 见 OYER AND TERMINER 

termini pl.  of TERMINUS  

terminism /ˈtɜ:miniz(ə)m/ n.  1 Theol.  the doctrine that everyone has a limited time for repentance 【神】悔过期限说(指每一个人要悔过都得有一个期限) 2  = NOMINALISM  □ terminist  n.   [Latin]

terminological /ˌtɜ:minəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  relating to terminology 专门名词的；术语的；术语学的 □ terminologically  adv.  

terminological inexactitude n. joc.  a lie [诙]谎言

terminology /tɜ:miˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the system of terms used in a particular subject (学科中使用的)术语，专有名词 2  the science of the proper use of terms 术语学(正确使用术语的科学) □ terminologist  n.   [German Terminologie from medieval Latin TERMINUS ‘term’]

terminus /ˈtɜ:minəs/ n. (pl. termini /-nai/ or terminuses)  1  a  the end of a railway or bus route (铁路或公共汽车线路的)终点b Brit.  a station at this point [英]终点站 2  a point at the end of a pipeline etc. (运输管道等的)终点，终端 3  a final point, a goal 目标 4  a starting point 起点 5 Math.  the end point of a vector etc. 【数】(矢量等的)端点 6 Archit.  a figure of a human bust or an animal ending in a square pillar from which it appears to spring, originally as a boundary marker 【建】端饰，胸像柱(方形立柱上的人物或动物半身像，原用作界标) [Latin, = end, limit, boundary]

terminus ad quem /æd ˈkwem/ n.  the finishing point of an argument, policy, period, etc. (辩论、政策、期限等的)目标；终点 [Latin, = end to which]

terminus ante quem /ænti ˈkwem/ n.  the finishing point of a period; the latest possible date for something 终止期；最后日期 [Latin, = end before which]

terminus a quo /ɑ: ˈkwəʊ/ n.  the starting point of an argument, policy, period, etc. (辩论、政策、期限等的)出发点；起点 [Latin, = end from which]

terminus post quem /pəʊst ˈkwem/ n.  the starting point of a period; the earliest possible date for something 开始期；最早日期 [Latin, = end after which]

termitary /ˈtɜ:mitəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a nest of termites, usu. a large mound of earth 白蚁巢(通常堆成大土丘状)

termite /ˈtɜ:mait/ n.  a small social insect of the order Isoptera, chiefly tropical and destructive to timber Also called 亦称作 white ant 白蚁(主要产于热带、对木材有摧毁性作用的群居小昆虫) [Late Latin termes -mitis, alteration of Latin tarmes influenced by terere ‘rub’]

term of years  see 见 TERM n. 10 

termor /ˈtɜ:mə/ n. Law  a person who holds lands etc. for a term of years, or for life 【法律】(土地等的)定期租户；终身租户 [Middle English from Anglo-French termer (as TERM)]

term paper n. N. Amer.  an essay or dissertation representative of the work done during a term [北美]学期论文

terms of reference n. pl. Brit. [英]  1  points referred to an individual or body of persons for decision or report (某一个人或某一群人受委托作出决定或报告的)受委托事项 2  the definition of the scope of an inquiry etc. 受权调查范围

terms of trade n. pl. Brit.  the ratio between prices paid for imports and those received for exports [英]进出口比价

term-time n. & adj. ●n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 in or during term-time)  the period when school is in session 学期 ●attrib. adj.  relating to this period 学期的

tern1 /tɜ:n/ n.  any seabird of the family Sternidae, like a gull but usu. smaller and with a forked tail 燕鸥(像海鸥但体形较小、尾呈叉形的海鸟) [of Scandinavian origin: cf. Danish terne, Swedish tɑ¨rna from Old Norse therna]

tern2 /tɜ:n/ n.  1  a set of three, esp. three lottery numbers that when drawn together win a large prize (尤指彩票的)3 位中彩号码 2  such a prize 3 位中彩号码奖品 [French terne from Latin terni ‘three each’]

ternary /ˈtɜ:nəri/ adj.  1  composed of three parts 三个组成的；三重的 2 Math.  using three as a base 【数】三进制的，三元的  ternary scale  三进制标尺 [Middle English from Latin ternarius, from terni ‘three each’]

ternary form n. Mus.  the form of a movement in which the first subject is repeated after an interposed second subject in a related key 【音】三段式(曲式，其中第一段在不同内容的第二段以后再次重复)

ternate /ˈtɜ:neit/ adj.  1  arranged in threes 3 个一组的； 3 个一套的 2 Bot. (of a leaf) 【植】(指树叶):a  having three leaflets 具三小叶的b  whorled in threes 三轮生叶的 □ ternately  adv.   [modern Latin ternatus (as TERNARY)]

terne /tɜ:n/ n.  1 (in full 全称 terne metal)  a lead alloy with about 20 per cent tin and often antimony 铅锡合金(约 20% 的锡，多数为锑) 2 (in full 全称 terne-plate)  thin sheet iron or steel coated with an alloy of lead and tin 镀铅锡合金薄铁(钢)板 [probably from French terne ‘dull’: cf. TARNISH]

terotechnology /ˌterə(ʊ)tekˈnɒlədʒi, ˌtiərə-/ n. Brit.  the branch of technology and engineering concerned with the installation and maintenance of equipment [英]设备安装和维修工艺学 [Greek tēreō ‘take care of’ + TECHNOLOGY]

terpene /ˈtɜ:pi:n/ n. Chem.  any of a large group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants, esp. conifers and oranges 【化】萜烯(尤指在松柏类和橘柑类植物的主要油分中发现的大量不饱和的循环碳水化合物) [terpentin, obsolete variant of TURPENTINE]

Terpsichorean /ˌtɜ:psikəˈri:ən/ adj.  of or relating to dancing 舞蹈女神的；舞蹈的 [Terpsichore, the name of the Muse of dancing]

terra alba /terə ˈælbə/ n.  a white mineral, esp. pipeclay or pulverized gypsum 白土(尤指陶土或粉末状石膏) [Latin, = white earth]

terrace /ˈterəs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of a series of flat areas formed on a slope and used for cultivation (在斜坡上耕种的)梯田 2  a level paved area next to a house (屋边的)平台，露台 3  a  a row of houses on a raised level or along the top or face of a slope (在加高的平地或坡顶上的)一排房子，排屋b Brit.  a row of houses built in one block of uniform style [英] (街区建筑风格一致的)一排房子 4 Brit. [英]  a  a flight of wide shallow steps as for spectators at a sports ground (运动场的)露天阶梯看台b (in pl. 用复数)  the spectators occupying such steps 露天阶梯看台的观众 5 Geol.  a raised beach, or a similar formation beside a river etc. 【地质】(河边等高出沙滩的)沿岸阶地 ●v. tr.  form into or provide with a terrace or terraces 使有梯田(或阶地)；使有平台排屋(或露天看台等) [Old French, ultimately from Latin terra ‘earth’]

terraced roof n.  a flat roof esp. of an Indian or Eastern house (尤指印度或东方的)平屋顶

terrace house n. (also 亦作 terraced house) Brit.  any of a row of houses joined by party walls [英]排屋中的一栋房屋，联立房屋

terracotta /terəˈkɒtə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  unglazed usu. brownish-red earthenware used chiefly as an ornamental building material and in modelling 赤土陶器(主要用作装饰性建筑材料和制作模型)b  a statuette of this 陶制雕塑，陶俑 2  the brownish-red colour of terracotta 赤褐色 ●adj.  of a brownish-red colour 赤褐色的 [Italian terra cotta ‘baked earth’]

terra firma /terə ˈfɜ:mə/ n.  dry land, firm ground 干燥坚实的土地；陆地 [Latin, = firm land]

terraform /ˈterəfɔ:m/ v. tr. (esp. in science fiction 尤用于科幻小说)  transform (a planet) so as to resemble the earth 把(某一星球)转换成地球模样 [Latin terra ‘earth’ + TRANSFORM]

terrain /teˈrein/ n.  1  a tract of land esp. as regarded by the physical geographer or the military tactician (尤指地理学家或军事指挥者眼中的)地面；地形，地势 2  a particular area of knowledge; a sphere of influence or action (知识的)领域；(影响或行动的)范围 [French, ultimately from Latin terrenum, neut. of terrenus TERRENE]

terra incognita /ˌterə inˈkɒɡnitə, iŋkɒɡˈni:tə/ n.  an unknown or unexplored region 未知地区，未探明地区 [Latin, = unknown land]

terramara /terəˈmɑ:rə/ n. (pl. terramare /-rei/)  = TERRAMARE  [Italian dialect: see TERRAMARE]

terramare /terəˈmɑ:ri, -ˈmɛəri/ n.  1  an ammoniacal earthy deposit found in mounds in prehistoric lake-dwellings or settlements esp. in Italy (尤指在意大利发掘的史前湖上村民建造房屋的)氨土 2  such a dwelling or settlement 用氨土建造的湖上村落 [French from Italian dialect terra mara, from terra ‘earth’ + marna ‘marl’]

terrapin /ˈterəpin/ n.  1  a  any of various small freshwater turtles of the family Emydidae, esp. Emys orbicularis of Europe (尤指欧洲的各种菱纹背泥的)淡水龟b  a small edible turtle, Malaclemys terrapin, found in coastal marshes of the eastern US (一种在美国东部海岸沼泽地的，可食用的)水龟 2 (作 Terrapin) Brit. propr.  a type of prefabricated one-storey building [英] [商标]泰勒平式活动房(只有一层的临时活动房) [Algonquian]

terrarium /teˈrɛəriəm/ n. (pl. terrariums or terraria /-riə/)  1  a vivarium for small land animals (小型陆上动物的)饲养箱(室、场) 2  a sealed transparent globe etc. containing growing plants (一种封闭透明式的)植物栽培盆 [modern Latin from Latin terra ‘earth’, on the pattern of AQUARIUM]

terra sigillata /ˌterə sidʒiˈleitə/ n.  1 hist.  astringent clay from Lemnos or Samos, formerly used as a medicine and antidote [史义] (古代利姆诺斯岛或萨摩斯岛居民用作止血剂和解毒药的)赭色黏土 2  Samian ware 赭色黏土陶器 [medieval Latin, = sealed earth]

terrazzo /teˈrætsəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a flooring material of stone chips set in concrete and given a smooth surface 水磨石；磨石子 [Italian, = terrace]

terrene /teˈri:n/ adj.  1  of the earth; earthly, worldly 地球的；世俗的，尘世的 2  of earth, earthy 土的；土质的 3  of dry land; terrestrial 陆地的；陆上的 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Latin terrenus, from terra ‘earth’]

terreplein /ˈtɛəplein/ n.  a level space where a battery of guns is mounted (架炮用的)垒道 [originally a sloping bank behind a rampart: French terre-plein from Italian terrapieno, from terrapienare ‘fill with earth’, from terra ‘earth’ + pieno from Latin plenus ‘full’]

terrestrial /tiˈrestriəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or on or relating to the earth; earthly 地球的；世俗的 2  a  of or on dry land 陆地的b Zool.  living on or in the ground; not aquatic, arboreal, or aerial 【动】陆栖的，非水栖(树栖或生存在空中)的c Bot.  growing in the soil; not aquatic or epiphytic 【植】长在土壤里的；陆生的，非水生(或寄生)的 3 Astron. (of a planet) similar in size or composition to the earth 【天】(指星球)属于类地球的 4  of this world, worldly 人间的，尘世的  terrestrial sins  尘世罪过 terrestrial interests  世俗利益 ●n.  an inhabitant of the earth 地球人；陆生动物 □ terrestrially  adv.   [Middle English from Latin terrestris, from terra ‘earth’]

terrestrial globe n.  a globe representing the earth 地球仪

terrestrial magnetism n.  the magnetic properties of the earth as a whole 地磁性(地球作为一个整体的磁力特性)

terrestrial telescope n.  a telescope giving an erect image for observation of terrestrial objects 大地望远镜，正像望远镜(对远物形成竖立影像的望远镜)

terret /ˈterit/ n. (also 亦作 territ)  each of the loops or rings on a harness-pad for the driving reins to pass through (马鞍上供穿缰绳用的)鞍环，扣环 [Middle English, variant of toret (now dialect) from Old French to(u)ret, diminutive of TOUR]

terre-verte /tɛəˈvɛət/ n.  a soft green earth used as a pigment (松软的、可用作绘画颜料的)绿土 [French, = green earth]

Terri /ˈteri/   特里 [人名]

terrible /ˈterib(ə)l/ adj.  1 colloq. [口]  a  dreadful, awful 可怕的，糟糕的  the accident was terrible  那场事故真可怕b (as an intensifier) very great or bad (作为强调)极度的；非常严重的  a terrible bore  极度的厌烦 2 colloq.  very incompetent [口]无能的；糟透的  terrible at tennis  网球打得很糟 3 (predic.) colloq.  ill [口]极不舒服的  he ate too much and feels terrible  他吃得过多，感到极不舒服 4 (predic.; often foll. by 常后跟 about) colloq.  full of remorse [口]充满悔恨的；抱歉的  I feel terrible about it  我对此感到很内疚 5  causing terror; fit to cause terror; formidable 令人恐怖的；令人敬畏的 □ terribleness  n.   [Middle English via French from Latin terribilis, from terrēre ‘frighten’]

terribly /ˈteribli/ adv.  1 colloq.  very, extremely [口]非常，极度地  he was terribly nice about it  他在这方面非常不错 2  in a terrible manner 可怕地，厉害地

terricolous /teˈrikələs/ adj.  living on or in the earth 陆栖的 [Latin terricola ‘earth-dweller’, from terra ‘earth’ + colere ‘inhabit’]

terrier1 /ˈteriə/ n.  1  a  a small dog of various breeds originally used for turning out foxes etc. from their earths (原先用于引诱狐狸等动物出洞的)小猎犬b  any of these breeds (任何属于这一类的)猎狗 2  an eager or tenacious person or animal (执着顽强的)人或动物 3 (作 Terrier) Brit. colloq.  a member of the Territorial Army etc. [英口]本土军军人 [Middle English via Old French (chien) terrier from medieval Latin terrarius, from Latin terra ‘earth’]

terrier2 /ˈteriə/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a book recording the site, boundaries, etc., of the land of private persons or corporations (记载私人或公司地产位置、界线等情况的)地籍簿 2  a rent roll 租地册 3  a collection of acknowledgements of vassals or tenants of a lordship (地主的)佃户簿 [Middle English from Old French terrier (adj.) = medieval Latin terrarius liber ‘book of land’ (as TERRIER1)]

terrific /təˈrifik/ adj.  1 colloq. [口]  a  of great size or intensity 极大的；极度的b  excellent 非常好的，很了不起的  did a terrific job  做了一件非常了不起的事c  excessive 过分的，过度的  making a terrific noise  发出过分的噪音 2  causing terror 可怕的，吓人的 □ terrifically  adv.   [Latin terrificus from terrēre ‘frighten’]

terrify /ˈterifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  fill with terror; frighten severely 使恐惧，使惊吓  terrified them into submission  胁迫他们服从 is terrified of dogs  非常害怕狗 □ terrifier  n.  □ terrifyingly  adv.   [Latin terrificare (as TERRIFIC)]

terrigenous /teˈridʒinəs/ adj. Geol.  derived from the land, esp. (of a marine deposit) made of material eroded from the land 【地质】(尤指海中沉积)由泥土产生的；陆源的 [Latin terrigenus ‘earth-born’]

terrine /təˈri:n/ n.  1  a kind of esp. coarse-textured pɑˆté (一种质地粗糙的)肉馅饼 2  an earthenware container, esp. one in which such food is cooked or sold (尤指一种煮食或卖食的)陶制盖碗 [originally a form of TUREEN]

territ var.  of TERRET  TERRET 的变体

territorial /teriˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of territory 领土的  territorial possessions  领土占有 2  limited to a district 限于地区(或地方)的  the right was strictly territorial  这权利是有严格地区限制的 3 (of a person or animal etc.) tending to defend an area of territory (指人或动物等)防卫本土的 4 (usu. 通常作 Territorial)  of any of the Territories of the US or Canada (美国)准州的；(加拿大)地方的 ●n. (作 Territorial) (in the UK) a member of the Territorial Army (英国)本土军军人 □ territoriality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ territorialize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ territorialization  /-laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ territorially  adv.   [Late Latin territorialis (as TERRITORY)]

Territorial Army n. (in the UK) a volunteer force locally organized to provide a reserve of trained and disciplined manpower for use in an emergency (known as Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve 1967-79) (英国)本土军(由地方上组建的、在紧急时刻提供训练有素的自愿兵预备队， 1967 至 1979 年间被称作“本土陆军自愿预备队”)

territorial waters n. pl.  the waters under the jurisdiction of a state, esp. the part of the sea within a stated distance of the shore (traditionally three miles from low water mark) (尤指国家管辖下的、离海岸一定距离的)领海(一般指低水位时离岸边 3 英里范围)

territory /ˈterit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the extent of the land under the jurisdiction of a ruler, state, city, etc. (统治者、国家或城市等的)领土，领地，版图 2 (作 Territory)  an organized division of a country, esp. one not yet admitted to the full rights of a state (尤指还未完全并入一国的)地区，属地 3  a sphere of action or thought; a province (行动或思想的)范围；领域 4  the area over which a commercial traveller or goods-distributor operates (商业)推销区 5 Zool.  an area defended by an animal or animals against others of the same species 【动】(防止其他动物侵入的)地盘 6  an area defended by a team or player in a game (体育运动中的)防守区 7  a large tract of land 地区，地方 [Middle English from Latin territorium, from terra ‘land’]

terror /ˈterə/ n.  1  extreme fear 恐惧，恐怖 2  a  a person or thing that causes terror 引起恐怖的人(或事)b (also 亦作 holy terror) colloq.  a formidable person; a troublesome person or thing [口]讨厌鬼；令人讨厌的人(或事)  the twins are little terrors  那对双胞胎是小讨厌鬼 3  the use of organized intimidation; terrorism 恐怖行动；恐怖主义 [Middle English via Old French terrour from Latin terror -oris, from terrēre ‘frighten’]

terrorist /ˈterərist/ n.  a person who uses or favours violent and intimidating methods of coercing a government or community 恐怖分子(使用或主张使用暴力恐怖手段来胁迫政府或社会的人) □ terrorism  n.  □ terroristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ terroristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.   [French terroriste (as TERROR)]

terrorize /ˈterəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  fill with terror (使)充满恐惧 2  use terrorism against 恐吓，威胁 □ terrorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ terrorizer  n.  

terror-stricken adj. (also 亦作 terror-struck)  affected with terror 胆战心惊的

Terry /ˈteri/   特里 [人名]

terry /ˈteri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a pile fabric with the loops uncut, used esp. for towels 毛圈织物(尤用作毛巾) ●adj.  of this fabric 起毛圈的 [18th c.: origin unknown]

terse /tɜ:s/ adj. (terser, tersest)  1 (of language) brief, concise, to the point (指语言)简洁的，简要的，中肯的 2  curt, abrupt 简短生硬的，唐突草率的 □ tersely  adv.  □ terseness  n.   [originally = polished, refined: Latin tersus, past part. of tergēre ‘wipe, polish’]

tertian /ˈtɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ adj. (of a fever) recurring every third day by inclusive counting (指发烧)间日热；间日复发的，每 3 日复发的 [Middle English (fever) tersiane from Latin (febris) tertiana (as TERTIARY)]

tertiary /ˈtɜ:ʃ(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  third in order or rank etc. 第三的；第三位的；第三级的 2 (作 Tertiary) Geol.  of or relating to the first period in the Cenozoic era with evidence of the development of mammals and flowering plants (cf. 参见 PALAEOCENE, EOCENE, OLIGOCENE, MIOCENE, PLIOCENE) 【地质】第三纪的(哺乳动物和开花植物发展的时期) ●n.  1 (作 Tertiary) Geol.  this period or system 【地质】第三纪 2  a member of the third order of a monastic body 第三修道会会员 [Latin tertiarius from tertius ‘third’]

tertiary education n. esp. Brit.  education, esp. in a college or university, that follows secondary education [尤英]大学教育，高等教育

tertium quid /ˌtɜ:ʃiəm ˈkwid, ˌtɜ:tjəm/ n.  a third thing, indefinite and undefined, related in some way to two definite or known things, but distinct from both 第三物，中间物(一种不确定的、无法解释的事物，与两种确定的或已知的事物在某方面有关，但又不同于二者) [Latin, apparently translation of Greek triton ti]

tervalent /ˈtɜ:v(ə)l(ə)nt, -ˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem. 【化】  = TRIVALENT 

Terylene /ˈterili:n/ n. Brit. propr.  a synthetic polyester used as a textile fibre [英] [商标] (用作纺织纤维的)涤纶 [TEREPHTHALIC ACID + ETHYLENE]

terza rima /tɛətsə ˈri:mə, 意 tɛrtsa ˈri:ma/ n. Prosody  an arrangement of (esp. iambic pentameter) triplets rhyming aba bcb cdc etc. as in Dante's Divina Commedia 【诗体】三行诗节隔行押韵法(押韵方式为 aba bcb cdc 等，如但丁的《神曲》) [Italian, = third rhyme]

terzetto /tɛətˈsetəʊ, tɜ:t-/ n. (pl. -os or terzetti /-ti/) Mus.  a vocal or instrumental trio 【音】三重唱；三重奏 [Italian: see TERCET]

TESL /ˈtes(ə)l/ abbr.  teaching of English as a second language [缩略]作为第二语言的英语教学

tesla /ˈteslə, ˈtezlə/ n.  the SI unit of magnetic flux density 特斯拉(磁通量密度的国际单位) [named after N. Tesla, Croatian-born American scientist d. 1943]

Tesla coil n.  a form of induction coil for producing high-frequency alternating currents 特斯拉线圈(一种用以产生高频率交流电的变压器)

TESOL /ˈtesɒl/ abbr.  teaching of English to speakers of other languages [缩略]向说其他语言的人讲授英语

Tess /tes/   特斯 [人名]

TESSA /ˈtesə/ n. (also 亦作 Tessa) (in the UK) tax exempt special savings account (英国)免税特别储蓄账户

Tessa /ˈtesə/   特萨 [人名]

tessellate /ˈtesəleit/ v. tr.  1  make from tesserae 把…镶嵌成棋盘花纹 2 Math.  cover (a plane surface) by repeated use of a single shape 【数】(通过反复使用单一形态)使平面完全嵌合 [Latin tessellare from tessella, diminutive of TESSERA]

tessellated /ˈtesəleitid/ adj.  1  of or resembling mosaic 镶嵌成棋盘花纹的，马赛克的 2 Bot. & Zool.  regularly chequered 【植】【动】有方格斑纹的 [Latin tessellatus or Italian tessellato (as TESSELLATE)]

tessellation /tesəˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of tessellating; the state of being tessellated 棋盘花纹镶嵌 2  an arrangement of polygons without gaps or overlapping, esp. in a repeated pattern 棋盘花纹(尤指在重复的图案中没有中断或重叠)

tessera /ˈtes(ə)rə/ n. (pl. tesserae /-ri:/)  1  a small square block used in mosaic 特塞拉，小块镶嵌地砖 2 Gk & Rom. Antiq.  a small square of bone etc. used as a token, ticket, etc. [古希腊] [古罗马] (用骨头等做成的、作信物和票据等用的)小牌子；筹码 □ tesseral  adj.   [Latin from Greek, neut. of tesseres, tessares ‘four’]

tessitura /tesiˈtʊərə/ n. Mus.  the range within which most tones of a voice part fall 【音】应用音域 [Italian, = TEXTURE]

test1 /test/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a critical examination or trial of a person's or thing's qualities (对某人的品质或某物的质量的)检查，检验；化验 2  the means of so examining; a standard for comparison or trial; circumstances suitable for this 化验、检查或检验的方法；检验标准  success is not a fair test  成功不是一个公平的检验标准 3  a minor examination, esp. in school (尤指学校的)测试，测验  spelling test  拼写测试 4 Brit.  a test match [英]决赛阶段的比赛 5  a ground of admission or rejection (接受或否决的)准则，标准  is excluded by our test  被我们的标准排除在外了 6 Chem.  a reagent or a procedure employed to reveal the presence of another in a compound 【化】(显示在化合物中有另一物存在的)试剂(测试) 7 Brit.  a movable hearth in a reverberating furnace with a cupel used in separating gold or silver from lead [英] (在反射炉中把金或银从铅里分离出来的)烤钵 ●v. tr.  1  put to the test; make trial of (a person or thing or quality) (对人、东西或质量的)实验；测试；测验 2  try severely; tax a person's powers of endurance etc. 考验(某人的忍耐力等) 3 Chem.  examine by means of a reagent 【化】(通过试剂)化验，测试 4 Brit.  refine or assay (metal) [英]鉴定或检验(金属) □ put to the test   cause to undergo a test 检验；实验；使经受考验□ test out   put (a theory etc.) to a practical test (把理论等放到实践中)充分检验□ testable  adj.  □ testability  /-əˈbiliti/ n.  □ testee  /tesˈti:/ n.  测验对象，受试者 [Middle English via Old French from Latin testu(m) ‘earthen pot’, collateral form of testa TEST2]

test2 /test/ n.  the shell or integument of some invertebrates, esp. foraminiferans and tunicates (某些无脊椎动物尤其是有孔虫或被囊动物的)甲壳，介壳 [Latin testa ‘tile, jug, shell’, etc.: cf. TEST1]

testa /ˈtestə/ n. (pl. testae /-ti:/) Bot.  a seed-coat 【植】种皮 [Latin (as TEST2)]

testaceous /teˈsteiʃəs/ adj.  1 Biol.  having a hard continuous outer covering 【生】介壳的，甲壳的 2 Bot. & Zool.  of a brick-red colour 【植】【动】赤褐色的 [Latin testaceus (as TEST2)]

Test Act n. hist. [史义]  1  an act in force 1672 － 1828, requiring all persons before holding office in Britain to take oaths of supremacy and allegiance or an equivalent test 宣誓条例(在 1672 至 1828 年间有效的法案，要求英国所有公职人员就职前必须宣誓效忠国王) 2  an act of 1871 relaxing conditions for university degrees 大学学位考试条例(颁布于 1871 年)

testament /ˈtestəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a will (esp. 尤用于 last will and testament) (尤指死前最后的)遗言，遗嘱 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  evidence, proof 证据，证明  is testament to his loyalty  是对他忠实的证明 3 Bibl. 【圣经】  a  a covenant or dispensation 圣约b (作 Testament)  a division of the Christian Bible (see 见 OLD TESTAMENT, NEW TESTAMENT) (基督教《圣经》的)圣约书c (作 Testament)  a copy of the New Testament 《圣经·新约》 [Middle English from Latin testamentum ‘a will’ (as TESTATE) : in early Christian Latin rendering Greek diathēkē ‘covenant’]

testamentary /testəˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  of or by or in a will 遗嘱的；遗嘱指定的；遗嘱规定的 [Latin testamentarius (as TESTAMENT)]

testate /ˈtesteit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having left a valid will at death 死时留有遗嘱的 ●n.  a testate person 立遗嘱人 □ testacy  n. (pl. -ies)   [Latin testatus, past part. of testari ‘testify, make a will’, from testis ‘witness’]

testator /teˈsteitə/ n. (fem. testatrix /teˈsteitriks/)  a person who has made a will, esp. one who dies testate (尤指死时留有遗嘱的)遗嘱人 [Middle English via Anglo-French testatour from Latin testator (as TESTATE)]

test bed n.  equipment for testing aircraft engines before acceptance for general use (航空发动机在投入使用前进行实验的)实验台，实验台架

test card n. Brit.  a still television picture transmitted outside normal programme hours and designed for use in judging the quality and position of the image [英] (在正常节目时间外播放静止电视画面以检测图像质量和定位的)测试卡

test case n.  a case setting a precedent for other cases involving the same question of law (作其他类似案件案例的)判例案件

test drive n.  a drive taken to determine the qualities of a motor vehicle with a view to its regular use 试车(确定汽车在正常使用时的质量性能) □ test-drive  v. tr. (past -drove; past part. -driven)  试(车)，试验驾驶(汽车)

tester1 /ˈtestə/ n.  1  a person or thing that tests 试验者，检验者；检验器 2  a sample of a cosmetic etc., allowing customers to try it before purchase (允许顾客在购买化妆品等前试用的)试用样品

tester2 /ˈtestə/ n.  a canopy, esp. over a four-poster bed (尤指四柱床上方的)天盖，华盖 [Middle English from medieval Latin testerium, testrum, testura, ultimately from Latin testa ‘tile’]

testes pl.  of TESTIS  

test flight n.  a flight during which the performance of an aircraft is tested (飞机的)试飞 □ test-fly  v. tr. (-flies; past -flew; past part. -flown)  试飞

testicle /ˈtestik(ə)l/ n.  a male organ that produces spermatozoa etc., esp. one of a pair enclosed in the scrotum behind the penis of a man and most mammals Also called 亦称作 testis 睾丸(能产生精液等的男性器官，尤指男人和大多数哺乳动物阴茎后面阴囊里裹着的一对器官) □ testicular  /-ˈstikjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis ‘witness’ (of virility)]

testiculate /teˈstikjʊlət/ adj.  1  having or shaped like testicles 有睾丸的；睾丸状的 2 Bot. (esp. of an orchid) having pairs of tubers so shaped 【植】(尤指兰科植物块茎)双丸状的 [Late Latin testiculatus (as TESTICLE)]

testify /ˈtestifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr. (of a person or thing) bear witness (人或物)说明，表明  testified to the facts  说明了事实 2 intr. Law  give evidence 【法律】作证，证明 3 tr.  affirm or declare 表白，声明  testified his regret  表白了他的遗憾 testified that she had been present  声明她当时在场 4 tr. (of a thing) be evidence of, evince (某物)成为…的证据，证实 □ testifier  n.   [Middle English from Latin testificari, from testis ‘a witness’]

testimonial /testiˈməʊniəl/ n.  1  a formal letter etc. testifying to a person's character, conduct, or qualifications (性格、品德或资格的)证明书，推荐信，介绍信 2  a gift presented to a person (esp. in public) as a mark of esteem, in acknowledgement of services, etc. 奖状；奖励品；纪念品(尤指当众赠与某人，以示尊重或感谢等) [Middle English from Old French testimoignal (adj.) from tesmoin, or from Late Latin testimonialis (as TESTIMONY)]

testimony /ˈtestiməni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Law  an oral or written statement under oath or affirmation 【法律】(宣誓或郑重承认的口头或书面)证词 2  declaration or statement of fact (对事实的)声明，陈述 3  evidence, demonstration 证据，证明  called him in testimony  传他作证 produce testimony  拿出证据 4 Bibl.  the Ten Commandments 【圣经】摩西十戒 5 archaic  a solemn protest or confession [古义]抗议，反对 [Middle English from Latin testimonium, from testis ‘a witness’]

testing ground n.  1  a means of experimenting, or of testing reaction, worth, etc. (对反应、价值等的)检测手段 2  a site for testing esp. new weapons (尤指实验新式武器的)实验场

testis /ˈtestis/ n. (pl. testes /-ti:z/) Anat. & Zool.  a testicle 【解】【动】睾丸 [Latin, = a witness: cf. TESTICLE]

test match n.  a cricket or rugby match between teams of certain countries, usu. each of a series in a tour (板球或英式橄榄球)各国家队之间决赛阶段的比赛

test meal n.  a meal of specified quantity and composition, eaten to assist tests of gastric secretion 实验餐(指为了做胃液分泌实验而规定分量和成分的饮食)

testosterone /teˈstɒstərəʊn/ n. Biochem.  a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes 【生化】睾酮，睾丸素(刺激男性第二性征发育的类固醇激素，主要产生于睾丸中) [TESTIS + STEROL + -ONE]

test paper n.  1  a minor examination paper 试卷 2 Chem.  a paper impregnated with a substance changing colour under known conditions 【化】试纸(在已知条件下可改变颜色的纸)

test pilot n.  a pilot who test-flies aircraft (飞机的)试飞员

test tube n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  a thin glass tube closed at one end used for chemical tests etc. (化学实验等用的)玻璃试管

test-tube baby n. colloq.  a baby conceived by in vitro fertilization [口]试管婴儿

testudinal /teˈstju:din(ə)l/ adj.  of or shaped like a tortoise 龟的；似龟的；龟甲状的 [as TESTUDO]

testudo /teˈstju:dəʊ, -ˈstu:-/ n. (pl. -os or testudines /-dini:z/) Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  1  a screen formed by a body of troops in close array with overlapping shields (由一群士兵把盾牌密集地连接起来所构成的)龟甲形连环盾 2  a movable screen to protect besieging troops (军队防御用的)移动掩蔽物；保护物 [Latin testudo -dinis, literally ‘tortoise’ (as TEST2)]

testy /ˈtesti/ adj. (testier, testiest)  irritable, touchy 暴躁的，易怒的 □ testily  adv.  □ testiness  n.   [originally = ‘headstrong’: Middle English from Anglo-French testif, from Old French teste ‘head’ (as TEST2)]

tetanic /tiˈtænik/ adj.  of or such as occurs in tetanus 破伤风的；似破伤风的 □ tetanically  adv.   [Latin tetanicus from Greek tetanikos (as TETANUS)]

tetanus /ˈtet(ə)nəs/ n.  1  a disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles See also 另见 TRISMUS 破伤风(由细菌引起的伴有肌肉强直性痉挛的疾病) 2 Physiol.  the prolonged contraction of a muscle caused by rapidly repeated stimuli 【生理】肌强直(由于快速的反复刺激而造成的肌肉挛缩) □ tetanize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ tetanoid  adj.   [Middle English via Latin from Greek tetanos ‘muscular spasm’, from teinō ‘stretch’]

tetany /ˈtet(ə)ni/ n.  a disease with intermittent muscular spasms caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium (因甲状旁腺机能失调和缺钙引起的)肌强直 [French tétanie (as TETANUS)]

tetchy /ˈtetʃi/ adj. (also 亦作 techy) (-ier, -iest)  peevish, irritable 暴躁的，易怒的 □ tetchily  adv.  □ tetchiness  n.   [probably from Middle English tecche, tache ‘blemish, fault’, from Old French teche, tache]

tether /ˈteðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a rope etc. by which an animal is tied to confine it to the spot (把动物拴在原地的)拴绳，拴链 2  the extent of one's knowledge, authority, etc.; scope, limit (知识、权力等的)范围，限度 ●v. tr.  tie (an animal) with a tether 用拴绳拴住(动物) □ at the end of one's tether   having reached the limit of one's patience, resources, abilities, etc. 山穷水尽；一筹莫展；走投无路 [Middle English from Old Norse tjóthr, from Germanic]

tetra /ˈtetrə/ n.  any of various small, often brightly coloured tropical fish of the characin family, frequently kept in aquaria 脂鲤(色彩亮丽的热带小鱼，经常被人放养在鱼缸里) [abbreviation of modern Latin Tetragonopterus, (literally ‘tetragonal finned’), former genus name]

tetra- /ˈtetrə/ comb. form [构词成分] (also tetr- before a vowel 在元音前亦作 tetr-)  1  four (tetrapod 四足动物) 四 2 Chem. (forming names of compounds) containing four atoms or groups of a specified kind (tetroxide 四氧化物) 【化】(构成化合物名称)四原子的；四元的 [Greek from tettares ‘four’]

tetrachord /ˈtetrəkɔ:d/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a scale-pattern of four notes, the interval between the first and last being a perfect fourth 四音音列 2  a musical instrument with four strings 四弦琴

tetracyclic /tetrəˈsiklik/ adj.  1 Bot.  having four circles or whorls 【植】四轮列的 2 Chem. (of a compound) having a molecular structure of four fused hydrocarbon rings 【化】(指化合物)四环的

tetracycline /tetrəˈsaikli:n/ n.  an antibiotic with a molecule of four rings 四环素(一种具有四环分子的抗生素) [TETRACYCLIC + -INE4]

tetrad /ˈtetræd/ n.  1  a group of four 四元组，四个一组 2  the number four (数目)4 [Greek tetras -ados (as TETRA-)]

tetradactyl /tetrəˈdæktil/ n. Zool.  an animal with four toes on each foot 【动】四趾动物 □ tetradactylous  adj.  

tetraethyl lead /tetrəˈi:θail/ n.  a liquid added to petrol as an antiknock agent 四乙铅(汽油抗爆剂)

tetragon /ˈtetrəɡ(ə)n/ n.  a plane figure with four angles and four sides 四角形；四边形 [Greek tetragōnon ‘quadrangle’ (as TETRA-, -GON)]

tetragonal /tiˈtræɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or like a tetragon 四角形的；四边形的 2 Crystallog. (of a crystal) having three axes at right angles, two of them equal 【晶】(指晶体)四方晶系的 □ tetragonally  adv.  

tetragram /ˈtetrəɡræm/ n.  a word of four letters 四字母词

Tetragrammaton /tetrəˈɡræmətɒn/ n.  the Hebrew name of God written in four letters, articulated as Yahweh etc. 表示上帝的四字母词(指希伯来人称上帝的由四个字母组成的词) [Greek (as TETRA-, gramma, -atos ‘letter’)]

tetragynous /tiˈtrædʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having four pistils 【植】四雄蕊的

tetrahedron /tetrəˈhi:drən, -ˈhed-/ n. (pl. tetrahedra /-drə/ or tetrahedrons)  a four-sided solid; a triangular pyramid 四面体；三角形金字塔 □ tetrahedral  adj.   [late Greek tetraedron, neut. of tetraedros ‘four-sided’ (as TETRA-, -HEDRON)]

tetrahydrocannabinol  see 见 THC 

tetralogy /tiˈtrælədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a group of four related literary or operatic works (文学作品的)四部曲 2 Gk Antiq. [古希腊]  a series of four dramas, three tragic and one satyric 四联剧(由三部悲剧和一部讽刺剧组成)

tetramerous /tiˈtræm(ə)rəs/ adj.  having four parts 由四部分构成的；分成四部分的

tetrameter /tiˈtræmitə/ n. Prosody  a verse of four measures 【诗体】四音步诗 [Late Latin tetrametrus from Greek tetrametros (as TETRA-, metron ‘measure’)]

tetrandrous /tiˈtrændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having four stamens 【植】具四雄蕊的

tetraplegia /tetrəˈpli:dʒə/ n. Med. 【医】  = QUADRIPLEGIA  □ tetraplegic  adj. & n.   [modern Latin (as TETRA-, Greek plēgē ‘blow, strike’)]

tetraploid /ˈtetrəplɔid/ adj. & n. Biol. 【生】  ●adj. (of an organism or cell) having four times the haploid set of chromosomes (指有机体或细胞)四倍体的 ●n.  a tetraploid organism or cell 四倍体的有机体或细胞

tetrapod /ˈtetrəpɒd/ n.  1 Zool.  an animal with four feet 【动】四足动物 2  a structure supported by four feet radiating from a centre (支座的)四脚底座 □ tetrapodous  /tiˈtræpədəs/ adj.   [modern Latin tetrapodus from Greek tetrapous (as TETRA-, pous podos ‘foot’)]

tetrapterous /tiˈtræpt(ə)rəs/ adj. Zool.  having four wings 【动】有四翅的 [modern Latin tetrapterus from Greek tetrapteros (as TETRA-, pteron ‘wing’)]

tetrarch /ˈtetrɑ:k/ n.  1 Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  a  the governor of a fourth part of a country or province (古罗马帝国属国或行省的)四分之一地区的长官b  a subordinate ruler 小君主；小领主 2  one of four joint rulers 四巨头统治者之一 □ tetrarchate  /-keit/ n.  □ tetrarchical  /-ˈtrɑ:kik(ə)l/ adj.  □ tetrarchy  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Late Latin tetrarcha and Latin tetrarches from Greek tetrarkhēs (as TETRA-, arkhō ‘rule’)]

tetrastich /ˈtetrəstik/ n. Prosody  a group of four lines of verse 【诗体】四行诗 [Latin tetrastichon from Greek (as TETRA-, stikhon ‘line’)]

tetrastyle /ˈtetrəstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  a building with four pillars esp. forming a portico in front or supporting a ceiling (尤指组成建筑物正面或支撑天花板的)四柱式结构 ●adj. (of a building) built in this way (指建筑物)四柱式结构的 [Latin tetrastylos from Greek tetrastulos (as TETRA-, STYLE)]

tetrasyllable /ˈtetrəsiləb(ə)l/ n.  a word of four syllables 四音节词 □ tetrasyllabic  /-ˈlæbik/ adj.  

tetrathlon /teˈtræθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic or sporting contest comprising four events for each competitor, esp. riding, shooting, swimming, and running 四项运动赛(尤指骑马、射击、游泳和跑步) [TETRA- + Greek athlon ‘contest’, on the pattern of PENTATHLON]

tetratomic /tetrəˈtɒmik/ adj. Chem.  having four atoms (of a specified kind) in the molecule 【化】四原子的(分子中特别的一种)

tetravalent /tetrəˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of four; quadrivalent 【化】四价的

tetrode /ˈtetrəʊd/ n.  a thermionic valve having four electrodes 四极管 [TETRA- + Greek hodos ‘way’]

tetter /ˈtetə/ n. archaic or dial.  a pustular skin eruption, e.g. eczema [古义] [方] (皮肤上冒出的)浓疱，水疱；湿疹 [Old English teter: related to Old High German zittaroh, German dialect Zitteroch, Sanskrit dadru]

Teuto- /ˈtju:təʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  = TEUTON 

Teuton /ˈtju:t(ə)n/ n.  1  a member of a Teutonic nation, esp. a German 条顿人(尤指德国人) 2 hist.  a member of a N. European tribe which attacked the Roman Republic c. 110 BC [史义]条顿人(指公元前约 110 年侵入罗马共和国的一支北欧部落) [Latin Teutones, Teutoni, from an Indo-European base meaning ‘people’ or ‘country’]

Teutonic /tju:ˈtɒnik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  relating to or characteristic of the Germanic peoples or their languages 条顿人的；日尔曼人的；日尔曼语的 2  German 德国人的 ●n.  the early language usu. called Germanic 日尔曼语 □ Teutonicism  /-siz(ə)m/ n.   [French teutonique from Latin Teutonicus (as TEUTON)]

Tex. abbr.  Texas [缩略] (美国)得克萨斯州

Texan /ˈteks(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native of Texas in the US (美国)得克萨斯人 ●adj.  of or relating to Texas 得克萨斯的

Tex-Mex /teksˈmeks/ n. & adj. ●n.  the Texan variety of Mexican cookery, music, Spanish, etc. 得克萨斯－墨西哥文化(包括烹饪、音乐、西班牙语等) ●adj.  relating to one such variety 得克萨斯－墨西哥文化的 [Texan + Mexican]

text /tekst/ n.  1  the main body of a book as distinct from notes, appendices, pictures, etc. (书中区别于注解、附录和图片等的)正文 2  the original words of an author or document, esp. as distinct from a paraphrase of or commentary on them (作者或资料的)原文(尤指区别于对原文的解释或评论) 3  a passage quoted from Scripture, esp. as the subject of a sermon 《圣经》文句(尤指引作布道的题目) 4  a subject or theme 题材；主题 5 (in pl. 用复数)  books prescribed for study (学习指定的)书目 6  a textbook 课本，教科书 7  data in textual form, esp. as stored, processed, or displayed in a word processor etc. (尤指在文字处理器等中储存、处理或显示的)文本资料 8 (in full 全称 text-hand)  a fine large kind of handwriting esp. for manuscripts (尤指稿件中书写的)粗体正楷 □ textless  adj.   [Middle English via Old Norman French tixte, texte from Latin textus ‘tissue, literary style’ (in medieval Latin = Gospel) from texere text- ‘weave’]

textbook /ˈteks(t)bʊk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a book for use in studying, esp. a standard account of a subject (尤指用于学习的)课本，教科书 ●attrib. adj.  1  exemplary, accurate (cf. 参见 COPYBOOK 2b) 合乎规范的 2  instructively typical 具有典型教育意义的 □ textbookish  adj.  教科书式的，呆板的

text editor n. Computing  a system or program allowing the user to enter and edit text 【计算】(允许用户进入并编辑文本的)文字编辑系统，文字编辑程序

textile /ˈtekstail/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a woven or bonded fabric; a cloth 纺织品；布料 2  a fibre, filament, or yarn used for weaving cloth etc. (织布等用的)纤维，纱线；纺织原料 ●adj.  1  of or relating to textiles or weaving 纺织的  textile industry  纺织工业 2  woven 织布的  textile fabrics  纺织品 3  suitable for weaving 适合织布的  textile materials  纺织原料 [Latin textilis (as TEXT)]

text processing n. Computing  the manipulation of text, esp. transforming it from one format to another 【计算】文本处理(尤指从某一格式转为另一格式)

textual /ˈtekstjʊəl/ adj.  of, in, or concerning a text 文本的；原文的，正文的  textual errors  文本错误 □ textually  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin textualis (as TEXT)]

textual criticism n.  the process of attempting to ascertain the correct reading of a text (对文本进行审读的)校勘；评注

textualist /ˈtekstjʊəlist/ n.  a person who adheres strictly to a text, esp. that of the Scriptures (尤指对《圣经》原文)墨守成规的人 □ textualism  n.  

textuality /tekstjʊˈæliti/ n.  1  the medium of textual language 校勘 2  strict adherence to a text; textualism 墨守原文；死搬原文

texture /ˈtekstʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the feel or appearance of a surface or substance (物质或表面的)质感，质地 2  the arrangement of threads etc. in textile fabric (纺织品等的)纹理 3  the arrangement of small constituent parts (材料构成的)密度 4 Art  the representation of the structure and detail of objects 【艺术】(物体的)构造，结构 5 Mus.  the quality of sound formed by combining parts 【音】(和谐统一的)音质 6  the quality of a piece of writing, esp. with reference to imagery, alliteration, etc. (尤指采用了意象法、头韵法等手段的艺术作品的)质感，神韵 7  distinctive nature or quality resulting from composition 本质，实质，质地  the texture of her life  她的生活本质 ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 textured adj.)  provide with a texture 使具有特定本质(质地) □ textural  adj.  □ texturally  adv.  □ textureless  adj.   [Middle English from Latin textura ‘weaving’ (as TEXT)]

textured vegetable protein  see 见 TVP 

texturize /ˈtekstʃəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (usu. as 通常作 texturized adj.)  impart a particular texture to (fabrics or food) 使(物品或食品)具有特定本质(质地)

TG abbr. [缩略]  transformational grammar 

TGWU abbr. (in the UK) Transport and General Workers' Union [缩略] (英国)运输与普通工人工会

Th symb. Chem.  the element thorium [符]【化】(化学元素)钍

Th. abbr. [缩略]  Thursday 

-th1 /θ/ suffix (also 亦作 -eth /iθ/)  forming ordinal and fractional numbers from four onwards (fourth 第四 ; thirtieth 第三十) (加在 four 以上的数字中构成序数词)第… [Old English -tha, -the, -otha, -othe]

-th2 /θ/ suffix  1  forming nouns from verbs denoting an action or process (birth 出生 ; growth 成长) (由动词构成名词)表示动作，过程 2  forming nouns of state from adjectives (breadth 宽度 ; filth 污物 ; length 长度) (由形容词构成名词)状态 [Old English -thu, -tho, -th]

-th3 var.  of -ETH2  -ETH2 的变体

Thai /tai/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Thais)  1  a  a native or national of Thailand in SE Asia; a member of the largest ethnic group in Thailand (东南亚的)泰国人(泰国最大的民族)b  a person of Thai descent 泰国人的后裔 2  the language of Thailand 泰语 ●adj.  of or relating to Thailand or its people or language 泰国的；泰国人的；泰语的 [Thai, = free]

Thailand   泰国

thalamus /ˈθæləməs/ n. (pl. thalami /-mai, -mi:/)  1 Anat.  either of two masses of grey matter in the forebrain, serving as relay stations for sensory tracts 【解】丘脑(前脑中的两团呈灰色的物质，用作感应的中转站) 2 Bot.  the receptacle of a flower 【植】(花朵的)花托，叶状体 3 Gk Antiq.  an inner room or women's apartment [古希腊] (女人的)闺房；内室 □ thalamic  /θəˈlæmik, ˈθæləmik/ adj. (in senses 1 and 2 用于释义 1 和 2)   [Latin from Greek thalamos]

thalassaemia /θæləˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] thalassemia) Med.  any of a group of hereditary haemolytic diseases caused by faulty haemoglobin synthesis and widespread in Mediterranean, African, and Asian countries 【医】地中海贫血病，库利氏贫血病(一种因错误的血红蛋白合成而造成的遗传性贫血症，流行于地中海周围的欧亚非国家和地区) [Greek thalassa ‘sea’ (because first known around the Mediterranean) + -AEMIA]

thalassic /θəˈlæsik/ adj.  of the sea or seas, esp. small or inland seas 海的，海洋的(尤指近海的，内海的) [French thalassique from Greek thalassa ‘sea’]

thalassotherapy /θəˌlæsəʊˈθerəpi/ n.  a therapeutic treatment using sea water 海水疗法 [Greek thalassa ‘sea’ + THERAPY]

thaler /ˈtɑ:lə/ n. hist.  a German silver coin [史义]泰勒(德国昔日的一种银币) [German T(h)aler: see DOLLAR]

thalidomide /θəˈlidəmaid/ n.  a drug formerly used as a sedative but found in 1961 to cause foetal malformation when taken by a mother early in pregnancy 萨立多胺，酞胺哌啶酮(过去曾用作镇静剂，但 1961 年发现，处于妊娠期的妇女服用后会导致婴儿畸形) [phthalimido glutarimide]

thalidomide baby n. (also 亦作 thalidomide child)  a baby or child born deformed from the effects of thalidomide 萨立多胺药物性畸形婴儿

thalli pl.  of THALLUS  

thallium /ˈθæliəm/ n. Chem.  a rare soft white metallic element, occurring naturally in zinc blende and some iron ores (symbol 符 Tl) 【化】(化学元素)铊(白色的稀有金属元素，自然形成于锌矿和某些铁矿中) □ thallic  adj.  □ thallous  adj.   [formed as THALLUS, from the green line in its spectrum]

thallophyte /ˈθæləfait/ n. Bot.  a plant having a thallus, e.g. alga, fungus, or lichen 【植】藻菌植物，叶状体植物(如水藻类、真菌类或苔藓类植物) [modern Latin Thallophyta, (as THALLUS, -PHYTE)]

thallus /ˈθæləs/ n. (pl. thalli /-lai, -li:/)  a plant-body without vascular tissue and not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves 叶状体，菌体(没有导管组织，没有根、茎、叶之分的植物) □ thalloid  adj.   [Latin from Greek thallos ‘green shoot’, from thallō ‘to bloom’]

thalweg /ˈtɑ:lveɡ, ˈθɑ:lweɡ/ n.  1 Geog.  a line where opposite slopes meet at the bottom of a valley, river, or lake 【地理】(峡谷、河流或湖泊两边山坡相会的)谷底线 2 Law  a boundary between states along the centre of a river etc. 【法律】(国与国之间在河流等中间的)分界线 [German, from Thal ‘valley’ + Weg ‘way’]

than /ðæn, ð(ə)n/ conj. & prep.  1  introducing the second element in a comparison 比(引入比较中的第二项)  you are older than he is  你比他大 you are older than he  你比他大 2 (prec. by 前接 other, otherwise, rather)  introducing the second element in a statement of difference 除…(以外)  anyone other than me could have done it  除我以外，任何人都会这样做 a preference for watching rather than participating  宁愿观看而不愿参与 has no aim other than to win  除了赢还是想赢 [Old English thanne etc., originally the same word as THEN]■Usage 用法说明 The treatment of than as a preposition makes it acceptable to say You are older than him (see sense 1) or anyone other than me in less formal contexts. See also Usage Notes at DIFFERENT and OTHER. 在不太正式的上下文里 , than 可以作为介词来处理，可以说 You are older than him (你比我年长) (见释义 1) 或 anyone other than me 除了我，谁都行。另见 DIFFERENT 和 OTHER 的用法说明。 

thanage /ˈθeinidʒ/ n. hist. [史义]  1  the rank of thane 大乡绅(或领主)的身份地位 2  the land granted to a thane 大乡绅(或领主)的领地 [Middle English from Anglo-French thanage (as THANE)]

thanatology /θænəˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of death and its associated phenomena and practices (研究死亡和与死亡有关的现象及实际的)死亡学 [Greek thanatos ‘death’ + -LOGY]

thane /θein/ n. hist. [史义]  1 (in Anglo-Saxon England) a man who held land from the king or other superior by military service, ranking between ordinary freemen and hereditary nobles 大乡绅(盎格鲁－撒克逊时代的英国因服兵役而受赐封地的贵族，位在普通自由民与伯爵之间) 2  a man who held land from a Scottish king and ranked with an earl's son; the chief of a clan 领主(从苏格兰国王那儿受赐封地的贵族，其地位相当于伯爵之子)；部落族长 □ thanedom  n.   [Old English theg(e)n ‘servant, soldier’, from Germanic]

thank /θæŋk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  express gratitude to 感谢，感激  thanked him for the present  感谢他送的礼物 2  hold responsible 负担责任  you can thank yourself for that  此事只能由你来负责 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  1  gratitude 感谢，感激  expressed his heartfelt thanks  表示他的由衷感谢 2  an expression of gratitude 感谢的话，谢意  give thanks to Heaven  感谢苍天 3 (as a formula 用作套语)  thank you 谢谢你  thanks for your help  谢谢你的帮助 thanks very much  非常感谢 □ give thanks   say grace at a meal (饭前)作感恩祷告□ I will thank you  iron.  a polite formula implying reproach [反语] (一种含有责备之意的客气请求)  I will thank you to go away  我请你走开□ no (or small) thanks to   despite 并不归功于□ thank goodness (or God or heavens etc.)   1 colloq.  an expression of relief or pleasure [口]谢天谢地(表示轻松或快乐) 2  an expression of pious gratitude 谢天谢地(表示虔诚的感激)□ thanks to   as the (good or bad) result of 幸亏；由于，因为  thanks to my foresight  幸亏我的远见 thanks to your obstinacy  由于你的固执□ thank you   a polite formula acknowledging a gift or service or an offer accepted or refused (see also 另见 THANK-YOU) 谢谢你(表示接受或拒绝礼物或服务的客套语) [Old English thancian, thanc from Germanic: related to THINK]

thankful /ˈθæŋkfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  grateful, pleased 感谢的，感激的；欣慰的 2 (of words or acts) expressive of thanks 表示感谢(或感激)的 □ thankfulness  n.   [Old English thancful (as THANK, -FUL)]

thankfully /ˈθæŋkfʊli, -f(ə)li/ adv.  1  in a thankful manner 感谢地，感激地 2 (qualifying a whole sentence 限定整个句子) disp.  let us be thankful; fortunately [异议]值得感谢(庆幸)的是，幸亏  thankfully, nobody was hurt  幸亏没有人受伤 [Old English thancfullice (as THANKFUL, -LY2)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of thankfully in sense 2 is extremely common, but it is still considered incorrect by some people. The main reason is that other such adverbs, e.g. regrettably, fortunately, etc., can be converted to the form it is regrettable, it is fortunate, etc., but thankfully converts to one is thankful (that). Like hopefully, thankfully first became popular in America in the 1960s, and its use is also best restricted to informal contexts. 释义 2 中 thankfully 的用法是很普遍的，不过有些人仍认为这是不正确的用法。主要理由是，其他这类副词如 regrettably ， fortunately 等可以转化成 it is regrettable ， it is fortunate 等形式，而 thankfully 只能转化成 one is thankful (that) 。像 hopefully 一样， thankfully 最早流行于 20 世纪 60 年代的美国，而且其用法也最好限于非正式的上下文。 

thankless /ˈθæŋklis/ adj.  1  not expressing or feeling gratitude 不知感恩的，忘恩负义的 2 (of a task etc.) giving no pleasure or profit; unappreciated (工作任务等)没有乐趣的；没什么意义的；徒劳的；不领情的 3  not deserving thanks 不值得感谢(或感激)的 □ thanklessly  adv.  □ thanklessness  n.  

thank-offering n.  an offering made as an act of thanksgiving 感恩的供品

thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksɡiviŋ, θæŋksˈɡiviŋ/ n.  1  a  the expression of gratitude, esp. to God (尤指对上帝的)感恩，感激b  a form of words for this 谢辞；谢意 2 (作 Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day)  a national holiday for giving thanks to God, the fourth Thursday in November in the US, usu. the second Monday in October in Canada 感恩节(对上帝表示感激的全国性节日，在美国是 11 月份的第 4 个星期四，在加拿大通常是 10 月份的第 2 个星期一)

thank-you n. colloq.  an instance or means of expressing thanks (cf. 参见 thank you (see 见 THANK)) [口]感谢，致谢 also 亦作 attrib.: a thank-you letter  一封感谢信

thar var.  of TAHR  TAHR 的变体

that /ðæt, ðət/ pron., det., adv. & conj. ●pron. (pl. those /ðəʊz/)  1  the person or thing indicated, named, or understood, esp. when observed by the speaker or when familiar to the person addressed 那，那个(尤指说话人提到的而听话人又熟悉的人或物)  I heard that  我听说了那件事 who is that in the garden?  那是谁在花园里？ I knew all that before  我以前就知道那一切 that is not fair  那不公平 2 (contrasted with this 与 this 相对照)  the further or less immediate or obvious of two 那，那个(指两者中较远的一个)  this bag is much heavier than that  这个包比那个包重得多 3  the action, behaviour, or circumstances just observed or mentioned 那，那个(指刚提到的行为或情况)  don't do that again  别再做那事了 4 Brit. (on the telephone etc.) the person spoken to [英]电话中说话的对方  who is that?  你是谁呀？ 5 esp. Brit. colloq.  referring to a strong feeling just mentioned [尤英口]指刚提到的强烈情绪  ‘Are you glad?’ ‘I am that’  “你高兴吗？”“我高兴” 6 (usu. pl., esp. in relative constructions 通常用复数，尤在关系从句中)  the one, the person, etc., described or specified in some way (以某种方式特指的)那些人，那些物  those who have cars can take the luggage  那些有车的人可以带上行李 those unfit for use  那些不适合使用的东西 a table like that described above  一张如上所述的桌子 7 /ðət/ (pl. that)  used instead of which or whom to introduce a defining clause, esp. one essential to identification 代替 which 或 whom 引导限制性定语从句  the book that you sent me  你寄给我的那本书 there is nothing here that matters  这里没有什么紧要的事 ●det. (pl. those /ðəʊz/)  1  designating the person or thing indicated, named, understood, etc. (cf. sense 1 of pron. 参见代词释义 1) 那，那个(指已提到的人或物)  look at that dog  瞧那条狗 what was that noise?  那是什么声音？ things were easier in those days  在那些日子里，事情要好办些 2  contrasted with this (cf. sense 2 of pron. 参见代词释义 2) 与 this 相对照  this bag is heavier than that one  这个包比那个包重 3  expressing strong feeling (表示强烈感情的)那，那个  shall not easily forget that day  不会忘记那一天 ●adv.  1  to such a degree; so 那样，那么；如此  have done that much  已经做了那么多 will go that far  将走那么远 2 colloq.  very [口]很，非常  not that good  不是很好 3 /ðət/  at which, on which, etc. (用作关系副词，相当于 at which, on which 等)  at the speed that he was going he could not stop  以他当时的速度，他不可能停下 the day that I first met her  我第一次见到她的那一天 ●conj. introducing a subordinate clause indicating 引导从句，表示 :  1  a statement or hypothesis 陈述，假设  they say that he is better  听说他好些了 there is no doubt that he meant it  毫无疑问，他是说话算数的 the result was that the handle fell off  结果是手柄掉下来了 2  a purpose 目的  we live that we may eat  活着就要吃饭 3  a result 结果  am so sleepy that I cannot keep my eyes open  我太困了，眼睛都睁不开 4  a reason or cause 原因，原由  it is rather that he lacks the time  他不过是缺少时间 5  a wish 愿望  Oh, that summer were here!  哦，这里要是有那样的夏天就好了！ □ all that  (foll. by an adj. 后跟形容词)  very 很，非常，那么  not all that good  没那么好□ and all that (or and that colloq. [口])   and all or various things associated with or similar to what has been mentioned; and so forth (与前面提到的相关的或类似的各种情况)而且；等等，诸如此类□ like that   1  of that kind 像那样的，那一类的  is fond of books like that  喜欢那一类的书 2  in that manner, as you are doing, as he has been doing, etc. 就那样，就这样  wish they would not talk like that  希望他们不会以那种方式说话 3 colloq.  without effort [口]毫不费力地  did the job like that  毫不费力地做了那事 4  of that character 那一类性格或脾气的  he would not accept any payment - he is like that  他不会接受任何报酬的——他就是那样的人□ that is (or that is to say)   a formula introducing or following an explanation of a preceding word or words 即，那就是说(对前文的进一步解释)□ that's  colloq.  you are (by virtue of present or future obedience etc.) [口]你这才对(指现在或将来听话顺从等)  that's a good boy  这才是个好孩子□ that's more like it   an acknowledgement of improvement 这样好得多了！这才像话！ (表示情况改善)□ that's right   an expression of approval or colloq. assent [口]就是这样，就这样决定了(表示同意)□ that's that   a formula concluding a narrative or discussion or indicating completion of a task 就这样，再没有什么可说的了(结束故事、讨论或完成一项任务时说的套话)□ that there  colloq. [口]  = sense 1 of det. □ that will do   no more is needed or desirable 那就行了，不再需要了 [Old English thœt, nominative & accusative sing. neut. of pronoun & determiner se, sēo, thœt, from Germanic; those from Old English thɑˉs, pl. of thes THIS]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 7 of the pronoun, that usually specifies or identifies something referred to, whereas who or which need not; compare The book that you sent me is lost with The book, which you sent me, is lost. 在作代词的释义 7 中， that 通常限定或确定所指之物，而 who 或 which 则不必；比较 The book that you sent me is lost 与 The book, which you sent me, is lost 。 That is often omitted in sense 3 of the adverb and senses 1 and 3 of the conjunction, e.g. the day I first met her; They say he is better. that 在作副词的释义 3 和作连词的释义 1 及释义 3 时，常可省掉，如 : the day I first met her (我第一次见她的那天)； They say he is better (他们说他更好一点)。 

thatch /θætʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a roof covering of straw, reeds, palm leaves, or similar material (用麦草、芦苇、棕榈树叶或类似材料搭盖的)茅草房顶 2 Brit. colloq.  the hair of the head [英口]头发 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  cover (a roof or a building) with thatch 用茅草覆盖(房顶或建筑物) □ thatcher  n.   [the noun a late collateral form of thack (now dialect) from Old English thœc: the verb from Old English theccan from Germanic, related and later assimilated to thack]

Thatcherism /ˈθætʃəriz(ə)m/ n.  the political and economic policies advocated by Margaret Thatcher, former UK prime minister 撒切尔主义(英国前首相玛格丽特·撒切尔所主张的政治经济政策)

thaumatrope /ˈθɔ:mətrəʊp/ n. hist. [史义]  1  a disc or card with two different pictures on its two sides, which combine into one by the persistence of visual impressions when the disc is rapidly rotated 幻影转盘(一种游戏转盘，在盘的两边各有两幅不同的画，快速旋转时产生两幅画相互交汇的视觉幻像) 2  a zoetrope 旋转画筒 [formed irregularly from Greek thauma ‘marvel’ + -tropos ‘-turning’]

thaumaturge /ˈθɔ:mətɜ:dʒ/ n.  a worker of miracles; a wonder-worker 术士；魔术师 □ thaumaturgic  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ thaumaturgical  /-ˈtɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ thaumaturgist  n.  □ thaumaturgy  n.   [medieval Latin thaumaturgus from Greek thaumatourgos (adj.), from thauma -matos ‘marvel’ + -ergos ‘-working’]

thaw /θɔ:/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out) (of ice or snow or a frozen thing) pass into a liquid or unfrozen state (冰、雪或结冻的东西)融化，解冻 2 intr. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 it as subject) (of the weather) become warm enough to melt ice etc. (天气)变暖使冰雪等融化  it began to thaw  冰雪开始融化了 3 intr.  become warm enough to lose numbness etc. 变得暖和(使不麻木等) 4 intr.  become less cold or stiff in manner; become genial 变得随和，变得不拘束；变得缓和 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  cause to thaw 使融化，使解冻 6 tr.  make cordial or animated 使变得友善(或随和) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of thawing 融化，解冻 2  the warmth of weather that thaws (天气)解冻时期，解冻季节  a thaw has set in  已经开始解冻了 3 Polit.  a relaxation of control or restriction 【政】(管制的)放宽，缓和 □ thawless  adj.   [Old English thawian from West Germanic; origin unknown]

THC abbr.  tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle of cannabis [缩略]四氢大麻酚(一种含大麻的药)

the /before a consonant 辅音前读 ðə; before a vowel 元音前读 ði; stressed 强调时读 ði:/ det. & adv. ●det. (called the definite article 称作定冠词)  1  denoting one or more persons or things already mentioned or assumed to be familiar (指已提到或认为熟悉的人或物)这；这些；那；那些  gave the man a wave  向那个人招手 shall let the matter drop  将放下这件事情 hurt myself in the arm  伤了自己的手臂 went to the theatre  去戏院 2  serving to describe as unique 用来指独一无二的事物  the Queen  女王 the Thames  泰晤士河 3  a (foll. by 后跟 a defining adj.)  which is, who are, etc. 表示特定的物或人  ignored the embarrassed Mr Smith  没注意到难堪的史密斯先生 Edward the Seventh  爱德华七世b (foll. by an adj. used as a noun 后跟形容词，用作名词)  denoting a class described 指某一类  from the sublime to the ridiculous  从崇高到荒谬 4 (with the stressed 重读 the)  best known or best entitled to the name 用来强调最知名、最有资格的那个人或物  no relation to the Kipling  与那个吉普林没关系 this is the book on this subject  这才是有关这一主题的那本书 5  used to point forward to a following qualifying or defining clause or phrase 指出后置的限定性从句或短语  the book that you borrowed  你借的那本书 the best I can do for you  我能为你所做的最好的事 the bottom of a well  一口井的底部 6  a  used to indicate that a singular noun represents a species, class, etc. 放在单数名词前用来指某一类事物  the cat loves comfort  猫喜欢舒适 has the novel a future?  小说有前途吗？ plays the harp well  竖琴弹奏得不错b  used with a noun which figuratively represents an occupation, pursuit, etc. (与名词一起使用，表示某一职业或爱好追求)  went on the stage  登台演出 too fond of the bottle  太贪杯了c (foll. by the name of a unit 后跟某一单位名称)  a, per 每，每一  5p in the pound  每镑中的 5 便士 £ 5 the square metre  每平方米 5 英镑 allow 8 minutes to the mile  每 1 英里允许 8 分钟d colloq. or archaic  designating a disease, affliction, etc. [口] [古义] (指疾病、苦恼等)  the measles  麻疹 the toothache  牙疼 the blues  忧郁症 7 (foll. by a unit of time 后跟时间单位)  the present, the current 目前，当今  man of the moment  当今要人 questions of the day  今日问题 book of the month  本月畅销书 8 colloq.  my, our [口]我的；我们的  the dog  我的狗 the fridge  我们的冰箱 9  used before the surname of the chief of a Scottish or Irish clan 用于苏格兰或爱尔兰部落酋长的姓之前  the Macnab  麦克纳布酋长 10 (in Wales) used with a noun characterizing the occupation of the person whose name precedes (威尔士)放在名词前指某人所从事的职业  Jones the Bread  面包商琼斯 ●adv. (preceding comparatives in expressions of proportional variation) in or by that (or such a) degree; on that account (用于形容词和副词的比较级前)越…越…；由于某事而更…；  the more the merrier  越多越高兴 the more he gets the more he wants  他得到越多就越想要 □ all the   in the full degree to be expected 完全达到预期的程度  that makes it all the worse  这使得这件事更糟了□ so much the   in that degree 到一定程度  so much the worse for him  这样一来对他更不利 [the determiner Old English, replacing se, sēo, thœt (= THAT), from Germanic: the adverb from Old English thyˉ, thē, instrumental case]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 2 of the determiner, the is dropped from a proper noun when it is used attributively, e.g. The Thames is popular among tourists for its riverboats; Thames riverboats are popular tourist attractions. 在作限定词的释义 2 中，当专有名词作定语时， the 可以从专有名词前省掉，如 : The Thames is popular among tourists for its riverboats ； Thames riverboats are popular tourist attractions.

theandric /θi:ˈændrik/ adj.  of the union, or by the joint agency, of the divine and human natures in Christ (基督的)神性人性兼有的 [ecclesiastical Greek theandrikos, from theos ‘god’ + anēr andros ‘man’]

theanthropic /θi:ænˈθrɒpik/ adj.  1  both divine and human 神性人性兼有的 2  tending to embody deity in human form 神性人性一体的 [ecclesiastical Greek theanthrōpos ‘god-man’, from theos ‘god’ + anthrōpos ‘human being’]

thearchy /ˈθi:ɑ:ki/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  government by a god or gods 神权统治；神权政治 2  a system or order of gods 诸神的等级制  the Olympian thearchy  奥林匹斯山诸神 [ecclesiastical Greek thearkhia ‘godhead’, from theos ‘god’ + -arkhia from arkhō ‘rule’]

the Argentine /ˈɑ:dʒəntain/ n.  阿根廷 [南美洲]

theatre /ˈθiətə/ n. (US [美] theater)  1  a  a building or outdoor area for dramatic performances 戏院，剧场b (in full 全称 picture theatre) esp. N. Amer., Austral. & NZ  a cinema [尤北美澳新]电影院 2  a  the writing and production of plays 剧本，剧作b  effective material for the stage 舞台效果，戏剧效果  makes good theatre  舞台效果不错 3 (in full 全称 lecture theatre)  a room or hall for lectures etc. with seats in tiers (有阶梯式座位的)讲堂(或教室) 4 Brit.  an operating theatre [英]手术室 5  a  a scene or field of action (行动的)场面，场所  the theatre of war  战争场面b (作 attrib.)  designating weapons intermediate between tactical and strategic 战术的；作战的  theatre nuclear missiles  战术核导弹 6  a natural land formation in a gradually rising part circle like ancient Greek and Roman theatres (古希腊和古罗马式的)露天圆形剧场 [Middle English via Old French t(h)eatre or Latin theatrum from Greek theatron, from theaomai ‘behold’]

theatregoing /ˈθiətəɡəʊiŋ/ adj. (US [美] theatergoing)  frequenting theatres 经常去看戏的 □ theatregoer  n.  经常去戏院看戏的人

theatre-in-the-round n.  a dramatic performance on a stage surrounded by spectators (观众席环绕舞台四周的)圆形剧场的戏剧表演法

Theatre of the Absurd n.  drama portraying the futility of human struggle in a senseless world 荒诞派戏剧(描述在一个无感觉的世界里人的挣扎是徒劳的)

theatre sister n. Brit.  a nurse supervising the nursing team in an operating theatre [英]手术室监督护士

theatric /θiˈætrik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = THEATRICAL  ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  theatrical actions 舞台动作

theatrical /θiˈætrik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or for the theatre; of acting or actors 剧场的；演剧的；戏剧的 2 (of a manner, speech, gesture, or person) calculated for effect; showy, artificial, affected (指人的行为方式、说话或手势等)戏剧性的；夸张的；做作的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  dramatic performances 戏剧演出  amateur theatricals  业余舞台表演 2 (in pl. 用复数)  theatrical actions 舞台表演活动 3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a professional actor or actress 职业演员 □ theatricalism  n.  □ theatricality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ theatricalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ theatricalization  /-laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ theatrically  adv.   [Late Latin theatricus from Greek theatrikos, from theatron THEATRE]

Theban /ˈθi:b(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Thebes in ancient Egypt or ancient Greece (古埃及或古希腊)底比斯的；底比斯人的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Thebes 底比斯人 [Middle English from Latin Thebanus, from Thebae ‘Thebes’, from Greek Thēbai]

theca /ˈθi:kə/ n. (pl. thecae /-si:/)  1 Bot.  a part of a plant serving as a receptacle 【植】(用作植物花托的)囊，孢子囊 2 Zool.  a case or sheath enclosing an organ or organism 【动】(包裹器官或有机体的)膜，囊，壳 □ thecate  adj.   [Latin from Greek thēkē ‘case’]

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea /kəˈriə/ n.  朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 [亚洲]

thee /ði:/ pron. objective case  of THOU1   [Old English]

theft /θeft/ n.  1  the act or an instance of stealing 偷盗，偷窃 2 Law  dishonest appropriation of another's property with intent to deprive him or her of it permanently 【法律】偷盗罪 [Old English thīefth, thēofth, later thēoft, from Germanic: related to THIEF]

the Gambia   冈比亚

thegn /θein/ n. hist.  an English thane [史义] (英国)大乡绅，大领主 [Old English: see THANE]

theine /ˈθi:i:n, ˈθi:in/ n.  = CAFFEINE  [modern Latin thea ‘tea’ + -INE4]

their /ðɛə/ poss. det.  1  of or belonging to them 他们的；她们的；它们的  their house  他们的房子 their own business  他们自己的事 2 (作 Their) (in titles) that they are (用于间接提及他人的复数尊称前)  Their Majesties  陛下夫妇 3 disp.  as a third person sing. indefinite meaning ‘his or her’ [异议] (用作不定代词的第三人称单数，表示“他的”或“她的”)  has anyone lost their purse?  有人丢了钱包吗？ [Middle English from Old Norse their(r)a ‘of them’, genitive pl. of sɑˊ THE, THAT]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at THEY. 见 THEY 的用法说明。 

theirs /ðɛəz/ poss. pron.  the one or ones belonging to or associated with them 他们的(所有物)；属于他们的(东西)  it is theirs  那是他们的 theirs are over here  他们的在这边 □ of theirs   of or belonging to them 他们的；她们的；它们的  a friend of theirs  他们的一位朋友 [Middle English, from THEIR]

theirselves /ðɛəˈselvz/ pron. dial. [方]  = THEMSELVES 

theism /ˈθi:iz(ə)m/ n.  belief in the existence of gods or a god, esp. a God supernaturally revealed to man (cf. 参见 DEISM) and sustaining a personal relation to his creatures 有神论(相信一神或多神的存在，尤指基督教上帝对人的超自然关系) □ theist  n.  □ theistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  □ theistical  /-ˈistik(ə)l/ adj.  □ theistically  /-ˈistik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek theos ‘god’ + -ISM]

Thelma /ˈθelmə/   塞尔马 [人名]

them /ðem, ðəm/ pron. & det. ●pron.  1 objective case  of THEY 他们；她们；它们 (they 的宾格)  I saw them  我看到了他们 2 colloq.  they [口]他们；她们；它们(主格)  it's them again  又是他们 is older than them  年龄比他们大 3 archaic  themselves (= themselves) [古义]他们自己；她们自己；它们自己  they fell and hurt them  他们摔下来伤了自己 ●det. slang or dial. [俚语] [方]  those 那些  them bones  那些骨头 [Middle English theim from Old Norse: see THEY]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at HER. 见 HER 的用法说明。 

thematic /θiˈmætik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to subjects or topics 题目的；主题的；专题的  thematic philately  专题集邮 the arrangement of the anthology is thematic  集子的编撰是按专题分类的 2 Mus.  of melodic subjects 【音】主题的，主旋律的  thematic treatment  主题处理 3 Gram. 【语法】  a  of or belonging to a theme 主位的；词干的  thematic vowel  词干元音 thematic form  词干形式b (of a form of a verb) having a thematic vowel (指动词形式)有词干元音的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数 ; treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  the themes or subjects in a text esp. for study or discussion (尤指用于研究或讨论的)系列题目 □ thematically  adv.   [Greek thematikos (as THEME)]

thematic catalogue n. Mus.  a catalogue giving the opening themes of works as well as their names and other details 【音】(介绍演出作品及其名称和其他细节的)主题目录

theme /θi:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a subject or topic on which a person speaks, writes, or thinks (某人讲话、写作或思考的)主题；题目 2 Mus.  a prominent or frequently recurring melody or group of notes in a composition 【音】(一首曲子中最突出的或反复出现的)主题，主旋律 3 US  a school exercise, esp. an essay, on a given subject [美] (尤指学校布置的针对某一题材的)作文或小论文 4 Gram.  the stem of a noun or verb; the part to which inflections are added, esp. composed of the root and an added vowel 【语法】(名词或动词的)词干；(附加屈折变化形式的)部分(尤指由词根和附加元音构成的部分) 5 hist.  any of the 29 provinces in the Byzantine empire [史义] (拜占廷帝国 29 个中的任何一个)省份 ●v. tr. (as 作 themed adj.)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, around) (of a leisure park, restaurant, event, etc.) designed around a theme to unify ambience, decor, etc. (指休闲公园或餐馆等)主题设计的，主题装饰的 2 (often in comb. 常用于复合词中)  having a particular theme 具有特定主题的  war-themed computer game  以战争为主题的电脑游戏 [Middle English teme, ultimately via Greek thema -matos from tithēmi ‘set, place’]

theme park n.  an amusement park organized round a unifying idea 主题公园(贯穿着某种统一思想的娱乐性公园)

theme song n. (also 亦作 theme tune)  1  a recurrent melody in a musical play or film (音乐剧或电影中的)主题歌(曲) 2  a signature tune 信号曲，信号调

themself /ð(ə)mˈself/ pron. disp. [异议]  = THEMSELVES 3  anyone can hurt themself  任何人都有可能伤害自身 

themselves /ð(ə)mˈselvz/ pron.  1  a emphat. form  of THEY or THEM (THEY 或 THEM 的强调形式)他们(她们)本身；他们(她们)亲自b refl. form  of THEM (cf. 参见 HERSELF) (THEM 的反身代词形式)他们自己；她们自己；它们自己 2  in their normal state of body or mind (他们身心的)正常状态  are quite themselves again  又完全恢复了他们的正常状态 3 (also 亦作 themself) disp. (referring back to an indefinite pronoun) himself, herself; himself or herself [异议] (指不定代词的反身代词形式)他自己；她自己  everyone kept it to themselves  人人都把它留给了自己 □ be themselves   act in their normal, unconstrained manner 恢复到正常的、不受约束的状态■Usage 用法说明 The use of themselves or themself in sense 3 is considered erroneous by some people. See Usage Note at THEY. 释义 3 中 themselves 或 themself 的用法被一些人认作是错误的。见 THEY 的用法说明。 

then /ðen/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv.  1  at that time; at the time in question 那时，当时；接着  was then too busy  当时太忙 then comes the trouble  接着麻烦就来了 the then existing laws  那个时候存在的法律 2  a  next, afterwards; after that 然后，后来  then he told me to come in  然后他叫我进去b  and also 另外，而且；还有  then, there are the children to consider  另外，还得考虑到孩子们c  after all 毕竟；不过  it is a problem, but then that is what we are here for  那是一个难题，不过那正是我们来这儿的原因 3  a  in that case; therefore; it follows that 既然如此(那样)；因此  then you should have said so  既然如此，你就应该那么说b  if what you say is true 既然是那样，假设那样的话；那么，那末  but then why did you take it?  既然是那样，那你为什么要接受呢？c (implying grudging or impatient concession) if you must have it so 既然是那样，假设不得不如此的话；那么(表示不满或不耐烦的让步)  all right then, have it your own way  那么好吧，就按照你自己的方式做吧d  used parenthetically to resume a narrative etc. 接下来，然后(讲故事等用来承接下文)  the policeman, then, knocked on the door  警察然后敲响了门 ●attrib. adj.  that or who was such at the time in question 当时的，那时的  the then Duke  当时的公爵 ●n.  that time 那时  until then  直到那时 □ then and there   immediately and on the spot 在当时当地；当场，立即 [Old English thanne, thonne, etc., from Germanic: related to THAT, THE]■Usage 用法说明 Then should not be used as an adjective if it would sound equally well in its usual position, e.g. Harold Wilson was the then Prime Minister could equally well be Harold Wilson was then the Prime Minister. 如果 then 用在其通常的位置上同样很好的话，就不应该当作形容词来使用，如 Harold Wilson was the then Prime Minister 同样可以说成 Harold Wilson was then the Prime Minister.

thenar /ˈθi:nə/ n. Anat.  the ball of muscle at the base of the thumb 【解】拇指球(大拇指底部的肌肉) [earlier = palm of the hand: modern Latin from Greek]

thence /ðens/ adv. (also 亦作 from thence) archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  from that place or source 从那里 2  for that reason 因此，所以 [Middle English thannes, thennes via thanne, thenne from Old English thanon(e) etc., from West Germanic]

thenceforth /ðensˈfɔ:θ, ˈðensfɔ:θ/ adv. (also 亦作 from thenceforth) archaic or literary  from that time onward [古义] [文学用语]从那时起，此后

thenceforward /ðensˈfɔ:wəd/ adv. archaic or literary  thenceforth [古义] [文学用语]从那时起，此后

the Netherlands   荷兰

Theo /ˈθi:əu/   西奥 [人名]

theo- /ˈθi:əʊ/ comb. form  God or gods [构词成分]神 [Greek from theos ‘god’]

theobromine /θiəˈbrəʊmin, -mi:n/ n.  a bitter white alkaloid obtained from cacao seeds, related to caffeine 可可碱(从可可种子中提炼的、与咖啡因相关的白色苦味生物碱) [Theobroma, the name of the cacao genus: modern Latin, from Greek theos ‘god’ + brōma ‘food’, + -INE4]

theocentric /θiə(ʊ)ˈsentrik/ adj.  having God as its centre 以神为中心的

theocracy /θiˈɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a form of government by God or a god directly or through a priestly order etc. 神权政治；僧侣政治 2 (作 the Theocracy)  the commonwealth of Israel from Moses to the election of Saul as King (古以色列的)神权政治时代(自摩西王至扫罗王时期) □ theocrat  /ˈθi:əkræt/ n.  □ theocratic  /θiəˈkrætik/ adj.  □ theocratically  /θiəˈkrætik(ə)li/ adv.  

theocrasy /ˈθi:əkreisi, θiˈɒkrəsi/ n.  1  the mingling of deities into one personality 诸神合一崇拜 2  the union of the soul with God through contemplation (among Neoplatonists etc.) (新柏拉图主义者等所信奉的、可在沉思默想中达到的)神人融合 [THEO- + Greek krasis ‘mingling’]

theodicy /θiˈɒdisi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the vindication of divine providence in view of the existence of evil 神正论(即证明神的存在的正当性) 2  an instance of this 神正论例证 □ theodicean  /-ˈsi:ən/ adj.   [THEO- + Greek dikē ‘justice’]

theodolite /θiˈɒdəlait/ n.  a surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles with a rotating telescope 经纬仪(望远镜转动时用来检测经纬角度的一种仪器) □ theodolitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.   [16th c.: modern Latin theodelitus, of unknown origin]

Theodore /ˈθiədɔ:/   西奥多 [人名]

theogony /θiˈɒɡəni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the genealogy of the gods 神谱，神统纪 2  an account of this 叙述神统的史诗 [THEO- + Greek -gonia ‘begetting’]

theologian /θiəˈləʊdʒiən, -dʒ(ə)n/ n.  a person trained in theology 神学家，神学研究者 [Middle English from Old French theologien (as THEOLOGY)]

theological /θiəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  of theology 神学的；研究神学的 □ theologically  adv.   [medieval Latin theologicalis via Latin theologicus from Greek theologikos (as THEOLOGY)]

theological virtue n.  each of the virtues faith, hope, and charity 神学三德(即“诚信”、“希望”和“仁爱”)

theology /θiˈɒlədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  the study of theistic (esp. Christian) religion 神学(尤指基督教的宗教学)b  a system of theistic (esp. Christian) religion (尤指基督教的)神学理论体系c  the rational analysis of a religious faith 宗教信仰理论 2  a system of theoretical principles, esp. an impractical or rigid ideology (尤指不切实际或僵化的)理论体系 □ theologist  n.  □ theologize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [Middle English via Old French theologie and Latin theologia from Greek (as THEO-, -LOGY)]

theomachy /θiˈɒməki/ n. (pl. -ies)  strife among or against the gods 诸神间的纷争；与神的抗争 [THEO- + Greek makhē ‘fight’]

theophany /θiˈɒf(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  a visible manifestation of God or a god to man 圣灵显现；(神的)显灵

theophoric /θiəˈfɒrik/ adj.  bearing the name of a god 带有神名字的

theophylline /θiəˈfili:n, -lin/ n.  an alkaloid similar to theobromine, found in tea leaves 茶碱(茶叶中的一种类似可可碱的生物碱) [formed irregularly from modern Latin thea ‘tea’ + Greek phullon ‘leaf’ + -INE4]

theorbo /θiˈɔ:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a two-necked musical instrument of the lute class much used in the 17th c. (17 世纪用得较广的)短双颈鲁特琴 □ theorbist  n.   [Italian tiorba, of unknown origin]

theorem /ˈθiərəm/ n. esp. Math. 【数】  1  a general proposition not self-evident but proved by a chain of reasoning; a truth established by means of accepted truths (cf. 参见 PROBLEM 4) (一般的)原理；理论 2  a rule in algebra etc., esp. one expressed by symbols or formulae (尤指用符号或公式来表达的)代数定理  binomial theorem  二项式定理 □ theorematic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [French théorème or Late Latin theorema from Greek theōrēma ‘speculation, proposition’, from theōreō ‘look at’]

theoretic /θiəˈretik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = THEORETICAL  ●n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the theoretical part of a science etc. (学科等)理论的 [Late Latin theoreticus from Greek theōrētikos (as THEORY)]

theoretical /θiəˈretik(ə)l/ adj.  1  concerned with knowledge but not with its practical application 理论的；纯理论的(指与知识相关而与实际应用无关) 2  based on theory rather than experience or practice 仅在理论上存在的 □ theoretically  adv.  

theoretician /θiəriˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a person concerned with the theoretical aspects of a subject 理论家

theorist /ˈθiərist/ n.  a holder or inventor of a theory or theories 理论工作者；理论家

theorize /ˈθiəraiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  evolve or indulge in theories 使理论化；从理论上说明 2 tr.  consider or devise in theory 作理论推测(或假设) □ theorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ theorizer  n.  

theory /ˈθiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a supposition or system of ideas explaining something, esp. one based on general principles independent of the particular things to be explained (cf. 参见 HYPOTHESIS 2) 理论(解释某事的思想假设或思想体系，尤指依据于一般原理而不是具体的事例)  atomic theory  原子理论 theory of evolution  进化论 2  a speculative (esp. fanciful) view (尤指没有多少根据的)意见，看法；推测，揣度  one of my pet theories  我特别喜爱的理论之一 3  the sphere of abstract knowledge or speculative thought 理论学说，论说  this is all very well in theory, but how will it work in practice?  这在理论上完全正确，但在实践中如何？ 4  the exposition of the principles of a science etc. (学科等的)原理，学理  the theory of music  音乐原理 5 Math.  a collection of propositions to illustrate the principles of a subject 【数】论，理论(指用来说明某一学科原理的系列立论)  probability theory  概率论 theory of equations  等式论；方程式论 [Late Latin theoria from Greek theōria, via theōros ‘spectator’ from theōreō ‘look at’]

theosophy /θiˈɒsəfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any of various philosophies professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual relations, esp. a modern movement following Hindu and Buddhist teachings and seeking universal brotherhood 神智学(泛指任何通过精神狂喜、心灵直觉或其他特别的个人关系达到认识上帝的神秘主义哲学，尤指信奉印度教和佛教教义、追求普天下兄弟情的一种现代神学运动) □ theosopher  n.  □ theosophic  /θiəˈsɒfik/ adj.  □ theosophical  /θiəˈsɒfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ theosophically  /θiəˈsɒfik(ə)li/ adv.  □ theosophist  n.   [medieval Latin theosophia from late Greek theosophia, from theosophos ‘wise concerning God’ (as THEO-, sophos ‘wise’)]

therapeutic /θerəˈpju:tik/ adj.  1  of, for, or contributing to the cure of disease (对疾病)有疗效的；治疗的 2  contributing to general, esp. mental, well-being (尤指对心智)有益于健康的  she finds walking therapeutic  她觉得散步有益于健康 □ therapeutical  adj.  □ therapeutically  adv.  □ therapeutist  n.   [attributive use of therapeutic, originally a form of THERAPEUTICS]

therapeutics /θerəˈpju:tiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and the action of remedial agents 治疗学(与疾病治疗和药剂作用相关的医学分支) [French thérapeutique or Late Latin therapeutica (pl.) from Greek therapeutika, neut. pl. of therapeutikos, from therapeuō ‘wait on, cure’]

therapsid /θeˈræpsid/ n. & adj. ●n.  a fossil reptile of the order Therapsida, related to the ancestors of mammals 兽孔目爬行动物(与哺乳动物祖先有关的化石爬行动物) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 兽孔目的 [modern Latin Therapsida, from Greek thēr ‘beast’ + (h)apsis -idos ‘arch’ (referring to the structure of the skull)]

therapy /ˈθerəpi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the treatment of physical or mental disorders, other than by surgery (不通过外科而对生理或心理紊乱进行的)理疗 2  a particular type of such treatment 疗法；功能恢复疗法 □ therapist  n.   [modern Latin therapia from Greek therapeia ‘healing’]

Theravada /θerəˈvɑ:də/ n.  a more conservative form of Buddhism, practised in Sri Lanka, Burma (now Myanmar), Thailand, etc. 小乘佛教(佛教中比较保守的一个分支，流行于斯里兰卡、缅甸和泰国等东南亚国家) [Pali theravɑˉda, literally ‘doctrine of the elders’, from thera ‘elder, old’ + vɑˉda ‘speech, doctrine’]

there /ðɛə, ðə/ adv., n. & int. ●adv.  1  in, at, or to that place or position 那里，在那里  lived there for some years  在那里住了几年 goes there every day  每天去那里 2  at that point (in speech, performance, writing, etc.) (指演讲、表演、文章等)在那一点上  there he stopped  他在那一点上停住了 3  in that respect 在那方面  I agree with you there  我在那方面同意你的观点 4  used for emphasis in calling attention (用于强调，引起注意)  you there!  小心！ there goes the bell  铃响啦 5  used to indicate the fact or existence of something (用来表示某物存在的“有”)  there is a house on the corner  拐角处有座房子 ●n.  that place 那里，那个地方  lives somewhere near there  住在那附近的某个地方 ●int.  1  expressing confirmation, triumph, dismay, etc. (表示肯定、得意、惊奇等)  there! what did I tell you?  瞧！我跟你说什么来着？ 2  used to soothe a child etc. (用来安慰孩子等)  there, there, never mind  好啦，好啦，别往心里去啦 □ have been there before  colloq.  know all about it [口]全都知道；亲自了解□ so there  colloq.  that is my final decision (whether you like it or not) [口]这是我最后的决定(不管你喜欢还是不喜欢)；没有商量的余地；事情就这样□ there and then   immediately and on the spot 彼时彼地，就在那时□ there it is   1  that is the trouble 这就是麻烦之处，这就是问题所在 2  nothing can be done about it 没什么法子，无法可想□ there you are (or go)  colloq. [口]  1  this is what you wanted etc. 这就是你想要的；拿去吧 2  expressing confirmation, triumph, resignation, etc. (表示肯定、得意、服从等)原来你在这儿；好啦；事情办好啦 [Old English thœˉr, thēr from Germanic: related to THAT, THE]

thereabouts /ˈðɛərəbaʊts, -ˈbaʊts/ adv. (also 亦作 thereabout)  1  near that place 在那附近  ought to be somewhere thereabouts  应该在那附近什么地方 2  near that number, quantity, etc. (数目、数量等)大约，左右，上下  two litres or thereabouts  大约两升左右

thereafter /ðɛərˈɑ:ftə/ adv. formal  after that [正式]之后，那以后

thereanent /ðɛərəˈnent/ adv. Sc.  about that matter [苏格兰]关于那件事

thereat /ðɛərˈæt/ adv. archaic [古义]  1  at that place 在那个地方，在那里 2  on that account 因此，于是 3  after that 从那以后

thereby /ðɛəˈbai/ adv.  by that means; as a result of that 因此，由此，从而 □ thereby hangs a tale   much could be said about that 说来话长

therefor /ðɛəˈfɔ:/ adv. archaic  for that object or purpose [古义]因此，为此

therefore /ˈðɛəfɔ:/ adv.  for that reason; accordingly, consequently 因此，因而；所以

therefrom /ðɛəˈfrɒm/ adv. archaic  from that or it [古义]由此；从那里；从那一点

therein /ðɛərˈin/ adv. formal [正式]  1  in that place etc. 在那里 2  in that respect 在那方面；在那一点上

thereinafter /ðɛərinˈɑ:ftə/ adv. formal  later in the same document etc. [正式] (指相同一份文件等)在以下部分，在下文

thereinbefore /ðɛərˌinbiˈfɔ:/ adv. formal  earlier in the same document etc. [正式] (指相同一份文件等)在以上部分，在上文

thereinto /ðɛərˈintʊ/ adv. archaic  into that place [古义]进入其中；进入那地方

thereof /ðɛərˈɒv/ adv. formal  of that or it [正式]关于那；就那事而言

thereon /ðɛərˈɒn/ adv. archaic  on that or it (of motion or position) [古义] (指动作或位置)在其上

thereout /ðɛərˈaʊt/ adv. archaic  out of that; from that source [古义]由此；从那里

the Republic of Ireland /ˈaiələnd/ n.  爱尔兰(共和国) (在爱尔兰岛南部) [西欧国家]

The Republic of Korea /kəˈriə/ n.  大韩民国 [亚洲]

there's /ðɛəz, ðəz/ contr.  1  there is 有 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  you are (by virtue of present or future obedience etc.) [尤英口]你这才是(表示现在或将来的顺从)  there's a dear  你这才乖

Theresa /tiˈri:zə, təˈri:zə/   特里萨 [人名]

therethrough /ðɛəˈθru:/ adv. archaic  through that [古义]经由那里；由此

thereto /ðɛəˈtu:/ adv. formal [正式]  1  to that or it 到那里；向那里 2  in addition; to boot 此外；加之，而且

theretofore /ðɛətʊˈfɔ:/ adv. formal  before that time [正式]在那时之前

thereunder /ðɛərˈʌndə/ adv. formal [正式]  1  in accordance with that 按照规定；据此 2  stated below that (in the document etc.) (指文件等)陈述其下；在其下

thereunto /ðɛərˈʌntʊ/ adv. archaic  to that or it [古义]到那里；向那里

thereupon /ðɛərəˈpɒn/ adv.  1  in consequence of that 因此，于是 2  soon or immediately after that 随即，立即 3 archaic  upon that (of motion or position) [古义] (指动作或位置)在其上

therewith /ðɛəˈwið/ adv. archaic [古义]  1  with that 与之，与此 2  soon or immediately after that 随即，立即

therewithal /ðɛəwiˈðɔ:l/ adv. archaic  in addition; besides [古义]此外，另外

theriac /ˈθiəriæk/ n. archaic  an antidote to the bites of poisonous animals, esp. snakes [古义] (治疗有毒动物(尤指蛇)咬蜇的)解毒药剂 [Latin theriaca from Greek thēriakē ‘antidote’, fem. of thēriakos, from thēr ‘wild beast’]

therianthropic /θiəriænˈθrɒpik/ adj.  of or worshipping beings represented in combined human and animal forms 半人半兽的；供奉半人半兽神像的 [Greek thērion (diminutive of thēr ‘wild beast’) + anthrōpos ‘human being’]

theriomorphic /θiəriə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik/ adj. (esp. of a deity) having an animal form (尤指神)具有兽形的 [as THERIANTHROPIC + Greek morphē ‘form’]

therm /θɜ:m/ n.  a unit of heat, esp. as the former statutory unit of gas supplied in the UK equivalent to 100,000 British thermal units or 1.055 × 108 joules 撒姆(一种热量单位，尤指英国以前供应煤气的法定单位，相当于 10 万英制热单位或 1.055 × 108 焦耳) [Greek thermē ‘heat’]

thermae /ˈθɜ:mi:/ n. pl. Gk & Rom. Antiq.  public baths [古希腊] [古罗马]公共浴池 [Latin from Greek thermai (pl.) (as THERM)]

thermal /ˈθɜ:m(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, for, or producing heat 热的；热量的；产生热量的 2  promoting the retention of heat 保暖的  thermal underwear  保暖内衣 ●n.  1  a rising current of heated air (used by gliders, balloons, and birds to gain height) (滑翔机、气球及鸟借以升高的)上升热气流 2 (in pl. 用复数)  thermal underwear 保暖内衣 □ thermalize  v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ thermalization  /-laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ thermally  adv.   [French (as THERM)]

thermal capacity n.  the number of heat units needed to raise the temperature of a body by one degree 热容量(把物体温度提高 1 度所需的热量单位)

thermal imaging n.  the technique of using the heat given off by an object etc. to produce an image of it or locate it 热成像技术(使用物体所散发的热来形成物体影像或确定物体位置的技术)

thermal neutron n.  a neutron in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings 热中子

thermal printer n.  a printer in which fine heated pins form characters on heat-sensitive paper 热敏打印机(一种由精细热针头在热敏纸上打出字样的打印机)

thermal reactor n.  a nuclear reactor using thermal neutrons (使用热中子的)热反应堆

thermal springs n. pl.  springs of naturally hot water (天然形成热水的)温泉

thermal unit n.  a unit for measuring heat 热量单位

thermic /ˈθɜ:mik/ adj.  of or relating to heat 热的；热量的

thermidor  see 见 LOBSTER THERMIDOR 

thermion /ˈθɜ:miɒn/ n.  an ion or electron emitted by a substance at high temperature 热离子(物质在高温下释放的离子或电子) [THERMO- + ION]

thermionic /θɜ:miˈɒnik/ adj.  of or relating to electrons emitted from a substance at very high temperature 热离子的

thermionic emission n.  the emission of electrons from a heated source 热离子发射；热电子发射

thermionics /θɜ:miˈɒniks/ n. pl. (treated as sing. 看作单数)  the branch of science and technology concerned with thermionic emission 热离子学；热电子学

thermionic valve n. (US [美] thermionic tube)  a device giving a flow of thermionic electrons in one direction, used esp. in the rectification of a current and in radio reception 热离子管，热阴极电子管

thermistor /θɜ:ˈmistə/ n. Electr.  a resistor whose resistance is greatly reduced by heating, used for measurement and control 【电】(用来测量和控制的)热敏电阻 [thermal resistor]

thermite /ˈθɜ:mait/ n. (also 亦作 thermit /-mit/)  a mixture of finely powdered aluminium and iron oxide that produces a very high temperature on combustion (used in welding and for incendiary bombs) (用于焊接和燃烧弹的、能产生极高温度的)铝热剂，纵火剂 [German Thermit (as THERMO-, -ITE1)]

thermo- /ˈθɜ:məʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  denoting heat 表示“热” [Greek, from thermos ‘hot’, thermē ‘heat’]

thermochemistry /θɜ:məʊˈkemistri/ n.  the branch of chemistry dealing with the quantities of heat evolved or absorbed in the course of chemical reactions 热化学(化学的分支学科，处理化学反应过程中所转化或吸收的热量) □ thermochemical  adj.  

thermocline /ˈθɜ:mə(ʊ)klain/ n.  1  a temperature gradient, esp. an abrupt one in a body of water (尤指水的)突变温度 2  a layer of water marked by an abrupt temperature change (水温突变的)温跃层 [THERMO- + Greek klinō ‘to slope’]

thermocouple /ˈθɜ:məʊkʌp(ə)l/ n.  a thermoelectric device for measuring temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals connected at two points, a voltage being developed between the two junctions in proportion to the temperature difference (测量温度用的)热电偶，温差电偶

thermodynamics /ˌθɜ:mə(ʊ)daiˈnæmiks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science of the relations between heat and other (mechanical, electrical, etc.) forms of energy 热力学(研究热与其他能量形式关系的科学) □ thermodynamic  adj.  □ thermodynamical  adj.  □ thermodynamically  adv.  □ thermodynamicist  /-sist/ n.  

thermoelectric /ˌθɜ:məʊiˈlektrik/ adj.  relating to electricity produced by a temperature difference 热电的，温差电的 □ thermoelectrically  adv.  □ thermoelectricity  /-ilekˈtrisiti/ n.  

thermogenesis /θɜ:məʊˈdʒenisis/ n.  the production of heat, esp. in a human or animal body (尤指人或动物体内所产生的)生热；生热作用

thermogram /ˈθɜ:məɡræm/ n.  a record made by a thermograph 温度记录图，温谱图

thermograph /ˈθɜ:məɡrɑ:f/ n.  1  an instrument that gives a continuous record of temperature (连续自动的)温度记录器 2  an apparatus used to obtain an image produced by infra-red radiation from a human or animal body (通过人或动物身体发热产生图像的)热敏成像仪，热录像仪 □ thermographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  

thermography /θɜ:ˈmɒɡrəfi/ n. Med.  the taking or use of infra-red thermograms, esp. to detect tumours 【医】(尤指用来检测肿瘤的)热敏成像法，热摄影术

thermolabile /θɜ:məʊˈleibail, -bil/ adj. (of a substance) unstable when heated (指物体)热不稳定的，不耐热的

thermoluminescence /ˌθɜ:məʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns/ n.  the property of becoming luminescent when pretreated and subjected to high temperatures, used as a means of dating ancient artefacts (用来鉴定古代陶器年代的)热发光 □ thermoluminescent  adj.  

thermolysis /θəˈmɒlisis/ n.  decomposition by the action of heat 热分解作用 □ thermolytic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.  

thermometer /θəˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring temperature, esp. a graduated glass tube with a small bore containing mercury or alcohol which expands when heated 温度计，寒暑表；体温计(尤指一种有刻度的玻璃管，内装遇热膨胀的水银或酒精) □ thermometric  /θɜ:məˈmetrik/ adj.  □ thermometrical  /θɜ:məˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  □ thermometry  n.   [French thermomètre or modern Latin thermometrum (as THERMO-, -METER)]

thermonuclear /θɜ:məʊˈnju:kliə/ adj.  1  relating to or using nuclear reactions that occur only at very high temperatures 热核的(只在极高温度下才发生核反应) 2  of, relating to, or involving weapons in which explosive force is produced by thermonuclear reactions 使用热核武器的(通过热核反应产生爆炸力)  thermonuclear war  热核战争

thermophile /ˈθɜ:mə(ʊ)fail/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 thermophil /-fil/) ●n.  a bacterium etc. growing optimally at high temperatures 喜温生物，嗜热生物(指喜在高温下生长的细菌等) ●adj.  of or being a thermophile 喜温的，嗜热的 □ thermophilic  /-ˈfilik/ adj.  

thermopile /ˈθɜ:mə(ʊ)pail/ n.  a set of thermocouples esp. arranged for measuring small quantities of radiant heat 热电堆，温差电堆

thermoplastic /θɜ:məʊˈplæstik/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a substance) that becomes plastic on heating and hardens on cooling, and is able to repeat these processes 可热塑的(指物质遇热变软可塑、遇冷变硬，且能如此反复多次) ●n.  a thermoplastic substance 热塑性物质

thermos /ˈθɜ:mɒs/ n. (in full 全称 thermos flask, N. Amer. [北美] thermos bottle) propr.  a vacuum flask [商标] (真空)保温瓶，热水瓶 [Greek, = hot]

thermosetting /ˈθɜ:məʊsetiŋ/ adj. (of plastics) setting permanently when heated (塑料)热固的，热变定的 □ thermoset  adj.  

thermosphere /ˈθɜ:məsfiə/ n.  the region of the atmosphere beyond the mesosphere 热层(大气中间层以上部分)

thermostable /θɜ:məʊˈsteib(ə)l/ adj. (of a substance) stable when heated (物质)热稳定的，耐热的

thermostat /ˈθɜ:məstæt/ n.  a device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point 温度自动调节器；恒温器；温变自动启闭装置 □ thermostatic  /-ˈstætik/ adj.  □ thermostatically  /-ˈstætik(ə)li/ adv.   [THERMO- + Greek statos ‘standing’]

thermotaxis /θɜ:mə(ʊ)ˈtæksis/ n.  movement of an organism towards or away from a source of heat 趋温性，趋热性 □ thermotactic  adj.  □ thermotaxic  adj.  

thermotropism /θɜ:məʊˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m/ n.  the growing or bending of a plant towards or away from a source of heat 向热性，向温性 □ thermotropic  /θɜ:mə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpik, -ˈtrɒp-/ adj.  

theropod /ˈθiərəpɒd/ n. & adj. ●n.  a saurischian dinosaur of the group Theropoda, comprising mainly bipedal carnivores, including tyrannosaurs and the possible ancestors of birds 兽脚亚目食肉恐龙(主要用后面两肢行走，包括霸王龙和某些鸟类的祖先) ●adj.  of or relating to this group 兽脚亚目的 [Greek thēr ‘beast’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

thesaurus /θiˈsɔ:rəs/ n. (pl. thesauri /-rai/ or thesauruses)  1  a book that lists words in groups of synonyms and related concepts 同类词汇编，类属词典 2  a dictionary or encyclopedia 宝典，百科全书词典 [Latin from Greek thēsauros ‘treasure’]

these pl.  of THIS  

the Seychelles   塞舌尔

thesis /ˈθi:sis/ n. (pl. theses /-si:z/)  1  a proposition to be maintained or proved (有待论证的)论题，命题；论点 2  a dissertation, esp. by a candidate for a degree 论文(尤指为获得学位而写作的论文) 3 /ˈθi:sis, ˈθesis/  an unstressed syllable or part of a metrical foot in Greek or Latin verse (opp. 反义 ARSIS) (希腊或拉丁古诗中的)抑音节 [Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, = putting, placing, a proposition, etc. from the-, root of tithēmi ‘to place’]

thespian /ˈθespiən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to tragedy or drama 悲剧的；戏剧艺术的 ●n.  an actor or actress 演员 [Greek Thespis, the name of the traditional originator of Greek tragedy]

Thess. abbr.  Thessalonians (New Testament) [缩略]帖撒罗尼迦前(后)书(《新约》)

theta /ˈθi:tə/ n.  the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet (Θ，θ) 希腊字母表的第 8 个字母(Θ，θ) [Greek]

theurgy /ˈθi:ɜ:dʒi/ n.  1  a  supernatural or divine agency esp. in human affairs (尤指干预人类事务的)神力或超自然力b  the art of securing this 法术 2  a system of white magic practised by the early Neoplatonists (早期新柏拉图主义者所施行的)魔术，巫术 □ theurgic  /-ˈɜ:dʒik/ adj.  □ theurgical  /-ˈɜ:dʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ theurgist  n.   [Late Latin theurgia from Greek theourgia, from theos ‘god’ + -ergos ‘working’]

thew /θju:/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数) literary [文学用语]  1  muscular strength 肌力，体力 2  mental or moral vigour 精神(或道德)力量 [Old English thēaw usage, conduct, of unknown origin]

they /ðei/ pron. (obj. them; poss. their, theirs)  1  the people, animals, or things previously named or in question (pl. of HE, SHE, IT1) 他们；她们；它们 (HE, SHE, IT 的复数) 2  people in general (泛指)人们  they say we are wrong  人们说我们错了 3  those in authority (权力部门的)那些人  they have raised the fees  那些人把费用提高了 4 disp.  as a third person sing. indefinite pronoun meaning ‘he or she’ [异议] (用作第三人称单数不定代词)他；她  anyone can come if they want to  任何人想来都可以来 if you have a friend you want to invite, feel free to bring them along  如果你想邀请你的一位朋友，尽管带他来好了 [Middle English thei, obj. theim, from Old Norse their nominative pl. masc., theim dative pl., of sɑˊ ‘that’]■Usage 用法说明 The use of they instead of ‘he or she’ (see sense 4 above) is common in spoken English and increasingly so in written English, although still deplored by some people. It is particularly useful when the sex of the person is unspecified or unknown and the writer wishes to avoid the accusation of sexism that can arise from the use of he. Similarly, their can replace ‘his’ or ‘his or her’ and themselves ‘himself’ or ‘himself or herself’, e.g. Everyone must provide their own lunch; Did anyone hurt themselves in the accident? 尽管仍然有人反对，用 they 而不用 he or she (见上文释义 4) 在口语里是很普遍的，在书面英语里现在也逐渐普遍起来。尤其是当人物性别不确定或不知道时，作者想避免因使用 he 而引起性别上的指责时， they 就特别有用。同理， their 可代替 his 或 his or her ， themselves 可代替 himself 或 himself or herself ，如 : Everyone must provide their own lunch (每人均自备午餐)； Did anyone hurt themselves in the accident? (有人在事故中受伤吗？)

they'd /ðeid/ contr. [缩合]  1  they had  2  they would 

they'll /ðeil, ðel/ contr. [缩合]  1  they will  2  they shall 

they're /ðɛə, ˈðeiə/ contr. [缩合]  they are 

they've /ðeiv/ contr. [缩合]  they have 

THI abbr.  temperature-humidity index [缩略]气温湿度指数

thiamine /ˈθaiəmi:n, -min/ n. (also 亦作 thiamin)  a vitamin of the B complex, found in unrefined cereals, beans, and liver, a deficiency of which causes beriberi Also called 亦称作 vitamin B1, or ANEURIN 硫胺素，维生素 B1 (维生素 B 的一种，存在于未精细加工过的谷类、豆类和肝脏类，如缺乏这种维生素会得脚气) [THIO- + amin from VITAMIN]

thick /θik/ adj., n. & adv. ●adj.  1  a  of great or specified extent between opposite surfaces 厚的  a thick wall  一堵厚墙 a wall two metres thick  一堵两米厚的墙b  of large diameter 直径大的  a thick rope  一根粗绳子 2  a (of a line etc.) broad; not fine (线条等)粗的，宽的b (of script or type, etc.) consisting of thick lines (字体等)粗体的 3  a  arranged closely; crowded together; dense 密的；密集的，密布的b  numerous 数量多的 4 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  densely covered or filled 密布的，充满的，装满的  air thick with snow  满天飘雪 5  a  firm in consistency; containing much solid matter; viscous 稠的，浓的；密的  a thick paste  稠浆糊 thick soup  浓汤b  made of thick material 厚的，厚重的  a thick coat  一件厚重的大衣 6  a  muddy, cloudy; impenetrable by sight 混浊的；阴霾的；看不清的  thick darkness  漆黑b (of one's head) suffering from a headache, hangover, etc. 头痛的，头昏的；昏沉沉的 7 colloq. (of a person) stupid, dull [口] (人)愚笨的 8  a (of a voice) indistinct (声音)浊的，沙哑的b (of an accent) very marked (口音)很重的 9 colloq.  intimate or very friendly (esp. 尤作 thick as thieves 非常亲密；非常友好) [口]亲密的；友好的 ●n.  a thick part of anything 最厚(或最粗、最密、最浓)的部分 ●adv.  thickly 厚厚地；密集地  snow was falling thick  大雪纷飞 blows rained down thick and fast  接二连三的沉重打击，频频遭受打击 □ a bit thick  Brit. colloq.  unreasonable or intolerable [英口]太过分，令人受不了□ in the thick of   1  at the busiest part of 在…最紧张激烈的时刻；处在…的深处 2  heavily occupied with 一直忙于…□ through thick and thin   under all conditions; in spite of all difficulties 在任何情况下；不顾艰难险阻□ thickish  adj.  稍厚(或粗、密、浓)的；略粗壮的□ thickly  adv.   [Old English thicce (adj. & adv.), from Germanic]

thick ear n. Brit. slang  the external ear swollen as a result of a blow (esp. 尤作 give a person a thick ear 给某人耳朵一记重拳) [英] [俚语]被打肿的耳朵

thicken /ˈθik(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become thick or thicker 使变厚(或粗、密、浓等)；使更厚(或更粗、更密、更浓等) 2 intr.  become more complicated 使更复杂  the plot thickens  这计划更复杂了 □ thickener  n.  

thickening /ˈθik(ə)niŋ/ n.  1  the process of becoming thick or thicker 增厚(或粗、密、浓等) 2  a substance used to thicken liquid 使液体变浓的物质 3  a thickened part 被加厚(或被加粗)的部分

thicket /ˈθikit/ n.  a tangle of shrubs or trees 灌木丛，丛林 [Old English thiccet (as THICK, -ET1)]

thickhead /ˈθikhed/ n.  1 colloq.  a stupid person; a blockhead [口]笨蛋，傻瓜 2  any Asian or Australasian perching bird of the family Pachycephalidae, with a large head Also called 亦称作 WHISTLER 乌鹟(亚洲和澳大拉西亚的一种大头栖木鸟) □ thickheaded  /-ˈhedid/ adj.  □ thickheadedness  /-ˈhedidnis/ n.  

thick-knee n.  = STONE CURLEW 

thickness /ˈθiknis/ n.  1  the state of being thick 厚；密；浓；粗 2  the extent to which a thing is thick 厚度；密度；浓度 3  a layer of material of a certain thickness (材料的)厚度  three thicknesses of cardboard  3 层厚的纸板 4  a part that is thick or lies between opposite surfaces 最厚(或最粗、最密、最浓)的部分  steps cut in the thickness of the wall  在墙的最厚处开凿的阶梯 [Old English thicness (as THICK, -NESS)]

thicko /ˈθikəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  an unintelligent person [口]傻瓜，笨蛋 [THICK + -O]

thickset /θikˈset/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  heavily or solidly built 健壮的，结实的 2  set or growing close together 稠密的，密植的 ●n.  a thicket 灌木丛，丛林

thick-skinned adj. (of a person) not sensitive to reproach or criticism (人)厚脸皮的；麻木不仁的

thick-skulled adj. (also 亦作 thick-witted)  stupid, dull; slow to learn 愚笨的，傻的；思路不敏的

thief /θi:f/ n. (pl. thieves /θi:vz/)  a person who steals, esp. secretly and without violence (尤指悄悄地偷盗的)贼，小偷 [Old English thēof, from Germanic]

thieve /θi:v/ v.  1 intr.  be a thief 当贼 2 tr.  steal (a thing) 偷盗，偷窃(东西) [Old English thēofian (as THIEF)]

thievery /ˈθi:v(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the act or practice of stealing 偷盗行为 2  an instance of this 偷盗，偷窃

thieves pl.  of THIEF  

thievish /ˈθi:viʃ/ adj.  given to stealing 偷窃成性的；贼头贼脑的 □ thievishly  adv.  □ thievishness  n.  

thigh /θai/ n.  1  the part of the human leg between the hip and the knee 人的大腿(臀部与膝盖之间的部位) 2  a corresponding part in other animals 动物的大腿 □ -thighed  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)  大腿的 [Old English thēh, thēoh, thīoh, Old High German dioh, Old Norse thjó, from Germanic]

thigh bone n.  = FEMUR 1 

thigmotropism /θiɡməˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  the movement of a part or the whole of an organism in response to a touch stimulus 【生】向触性(有机体对触摸刺激的反应) □ thigmotropic  /-ˈtrɒpik/   [Greek thigma ‘touch’ + TROPISM]

thill /θil/ n.  a shaft of a cart or carriage, esp. one of a pair (马车等的)杠，辕 [Middle English: origin unknown]

thill-horse n. (also 亦作 thiller /ˈθilə/)  a horse put between thills 套在辕间的马

thimble /ˈθimb(ə)l/ n.  1  a metal or plastic cap, usu. with a closed end, worn to protect the finger and push the needle in sewing (由金属或塑料制成的、在缝纫中保护手指并用来推针的)顶针，针箍 2 Mech.  a short metal tube or ferrule etc. 【机】金属套管(或套筒) 3 Naut.  a metal ring concave on the outside and fitting in a loop of spliced rope to prevent chafing 【海】(安在绳子接头上防止磨损的)金属索眼环，索端嵌环 [Old English thyˉmel (as THUMB, -LE1)]

thimbleful /ˈθimb(ə)lfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  a small quantity, esp. of liquid to drink (尤指饮料)极少量

thimblerig /ˈθimb(ə)lriɡ/ n.  a game often involving sleight of hand, in which three inverted thimbles or cups are moved about, contestants having to spot which is the one with a pea or other object beneath 藏豆赌博游戏 (3 只小杯覆于桌上，然后快速变换其位置，让打赌者指出哪个小杯下藏有小豆) □ thimblerigger  n.   [THIMBLE + RIG2 in sense ‘trick, dodge’]

thin /θin/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (thinner, thinnest)  1  having the opposite surfaces close together; of small thickness or diameter 薄的；细的；瘦的 2  a (of a line) narrow or fine (线条)窄小的，细小的b (of a script or type etc.) consisting of thin lines (字体)细体的 3  made of thin material (材料)薄的  a thin dress  一件薄衣服 4  lean; not plump 瘦削的，不肥胖的 5  a  not dense or copious 稀疏的，稀薄的  thin hair  稀疏的头发 a thin haze  一团薄雾b  not full or closely packed 稀少的，稀疏的  a thin audience  稀少的观众 6  of slight consistency 清淡的，淡薄的  a thin paste  稀薄的浆糊 7  weak; lacking an important ingredient 弱的，淡的  thin blood  稀血 a thin voice  很弱的声音 8 (of an excuse, argument, disguise, etc.) flimsy or transparent (指借口、论据、掩饰等)浅薄的，肤浅的；空泛的；显而易见的 ●adv.  thinly 很薄地  cut the bread very thin  把面包切得很薄 ●v. (thinned, thinning)  1 tr. & intr.  make or become thin or thinner 变薄；变细；变瘦；变淡 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  reduce; make or become less dense or crowded or numerous 减少；变少；变稀薄 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  remove some of a crop of (seedlings, saplings, etc.) or some young fruit from (a vine or tree) to improve the growth of the rest 除掉(某些种苗)使稀疏；从(藤或树上)摘除小果而使稀疏 □ have a thin time  Brit. colloq.  have a wretched or uncomfortable time [英口]遇上倒霉时期□ on thin ice   see 见 ICE □ thin end of the wedge   see 见 WEDGE1 □ thin on the ground   see 见 GROUND1 □ thin on top   balding 谢顶，秃顶□ thinly  adv.  □ thinness  n. /ˈθinnis/  □ thinnish  adj.   [Old English thynne, from Germanic]

thin air n.  a state of invisibility or non-existence 无影无踪，子虚乌有  vanished into thin air  消失得无影无踪

thine /ðain/ poss. pron. & poss. det. archaic or dial. [古义] [方] ●poss. pron.  of or belonging to thee (所有格代词)你的  it is thine  这是你的 ●det. (before a vowel 置于元音前)  = THY lift up thine eyes  抬起你的眼睛  [Old English thīn, from Germanic]

thing /θiŋ/ n.  1  a material or non-material entity, idea, action, etc., that is or may be thought about or perceived 物；事物；事情 2  an inanimate material object (没有生命的)物体，东西  take that thing away  把那东西拿走 3  an unspecified object or item (泛指任何)物体或东西  have a few things to buy  有几样东西要买 4  an act, idea, or utterance 行为；想法；话，话题  a silly thing to do  做了一件蠢事 5  an event 事件，事情  an unfortunate thing to happen  发生了一件不幸的事 6  a quality 特性，属性  patience is a useful thing  耐心是一种很有用的品质 7 (with reference to a person) expressing pity, contempt, or affection 家伙，东西(指人，表示怜悯、轻蔑或慈爱)  poor thing!  可怜的家伙！ a dear old thing  一位可亲可爱的老家伙 8  a specimen or type of something 样本，样板，款式  the latest thing in hats  帽子的最新款式 9 colloq.  one's special interest or concern [口]适合某人特别兴趣的东西  not my thing at all  不是我感兴趣的东西 10 esp. Brit. colloq.  something remarkable [尤英口]重要的事，值得注意的事  now there's a thing!  现在有件重要的事！ 11 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq. [口]  a  what is conventionally proper or fashionable 合适的东西；时髦的东西b  what is needed or required 需要的东西  your suggestion was just the thing  你的建议正是所需要的东西c  what is to be considered 需要考虑的事  the thing is, shall we go or not?  需要考虑的事情是，我们去还不去？d  what is important 重要的事  the thing about them is their reliability  重要的是他们的可靠性 12 (in pl. 用复数)  personal belongings or clothing (个人的)所有物；衣服  where have I left my things?  我把我的东西放哪儿啦？ 13 (in pl. 用复数)  equipment 设备，器材  painting things  绘画用具 14 (in pl. 用复数)  affairs in general 一般事物(或事情)  not in the nature of things  不符合一般事物的特性 15 (in pl. 用复数)  circumstances or conditions 情况；形势；局面  things look good  形势看上去不错 16 (in pl. with a following adjective 用复数，后跟形容词)  all that is so describable 特定的事物  all things Greek  希腊的种种事物 17 (in pl. 用复数) Law  property 【法律】财产 □ do one's own thing  colloq.  pursue one's own interests or inclinations [口]做自己爱做的事；按自己的意愿行事□ do things to  colloq.  affect remarkably [口]对…施加明显的影响□ have a thing about  colloq.  be obsessed or prejudiced about [口]对…有一种强烈爱好；对…有偏见□ make a thing of  colloq. [口]  1  regard as essential 认为…必不可少 2  cause a fuss about 对…感到兴奋激动□ one (or just one) of those things  colloq.  something unavoidable or to be accepted [口]不可避免的事；必须接受的事 [Old English from Germanic]

thingummy /ˈθiŋəmi/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 thingamy, thingamabob or thingumabob /-məbɒb/, thingamajig or thingumajig /-mədʒiɡ/) colloq.  a person or thing whose name one has forgotten or does not know or does not wish to mention [口] (用以指不知其名或暂时忘记其名或不屑称呼其名的人或事物)某某，那人；那东西 [THING + meaningless suffix]

thingy /ˈθiŋi/ n. (pl. -ies)  = THINGUMMY 

think /θiŋk/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. thought /θɔ:t/)  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  be of the opinion 认为，以为  we think that they will come  我们认为他们会来 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause or to + infin.)  judge or consider 判断；认为  is thought to be a fraud  被认为是赝品 3 intr.  exercise the mind positively with one's ideas etc. (主动认真地)思考，考虑  let me think for a moment  让我考虑一会儿 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 of or about)  a  consider; be or become mentally aware of 考虑到，意识到，想起  think of you constantly  一再地想起你b  form or entertain the idea of; imagine to oneself 思考到；想像到  couldn't think of such a thing  不可能想到有这样的事c  choose mentally; hit upon 想要；想到  think of a number  想到一个数字 5 tr.  have a half-formed intention 打算；计划  I think I'll stay  我打算留下来 6 tr.  form a conception of 明白，懂得  cannot think how you do it  无法明白你是怎么做的 7 tr.  reduce to a specified condition by thinking 想到…程度  cannot think away a toothache  不可能想得连牙痛都忘了 8 tr.  recognize the presence or existence of 感到，感觉到…的存在  the child thought no harm  那小孩感觉不到有什么危害 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  intend or expect 企图，打算，期望  thinks to deceive us  企图欺骗我们 10 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  remember 想起，记得  did not think to lock the door  想不起锁了门 ●n. colloq.  an act of thinking [口]想，思考  must have a think about that  必须想一想那事 □ think again   revise one's plans or opinions 重新考虑□ think aloud   utter one's thoughts as soon as they occur 边想边说出声，自言自语□ think back to   recall (a past event or time) 回想，回忆起(过去的事或时间)□ think better of   change one's mind about (an intention) after reconsideration 重新考虑后对…改变主意□ think big   see 见 BIG □ think fit   see 见 FIT1 □ think for oneself   have an independent mind or attitude 独立思考，自己做出决定□ think little (or nothing) of   consider to be insignificant or unremarkable 认为…不重要，认为…不值一提□ think much (or highly) of   have a high opinion of 认为…很重要；高度评价…□ think on (or upon)  archaic  think of or about [古义]考虑，思量□ think out   1  consider carefully 认真思考 2  produce (an idea etc.) by thinking 想出(主意等)□ think over   reflect upon in order to reach a decision (为做出决定而)仔细考虑□ think through   reflect fully upon (a problem etc.) 全面考虑(问题等)□ think twice   use careful consideration, avoid hasty action, etc. 重新考虑；慎重考虑□ think up  colloq.  devise; produce by thought [口]设计出；想出□ thinkable  adj.   [Old English thencan thōhte gethōht, from Germanic]

thinker /ˈθiŋkə/ n.  1  a person who thinks, esp. in a specified way (尤指方式独特的)思考者，思想者  an original thinker  有独到见解的思想者 2  a person with a skilled or powerful mind 思想家

thinking /θiŋkiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  using thought or rational judgement 思想的；用心思考的；有理性的 ●n.  1  opinion or judgement 想法，见解 2 (in pl. 用复数)  thoughts; courses of thought 思想；思考 □ put on one's thinking cap  colloq.  meditate on a problem [口]动脑筋想(问题)

think-tank n.  a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific national and commercial problems 智囊团(就具体的国家问题和商业问题提出建议和点子的一群专家)

thinner /ˈθinə/ n.  a volatile liquid used to dilute paint etc. 稀释剂(用来稀释油漆等物的挥发性液体)

thinnings /ˈθiniŋz/ n. pl.  plants, trees, etc. which have been removed to improve the growth of those remaining 林业疏伐(清除某些植物或树木，以使剩余的长得更好)

thin-skinned adj. (of a person) sensitive to reproach or criticism; easily upset (指人对责骂或批评)敏感的；易生气的；脸皮薄的

thio- /ˈθaiəʊ/ comb. form  sulphur, esp. replacing oxygen in compounds (thio-acid 硫代酸) [构词成分] (尤指化合物中)硫代的，含硫的 [Greek theion ‘sulphur’]

thiol /ˈθaiɒl/ n. Chem.  any organic compound containing an alcohol-like group but with sulphur in place of oxygen 【化】硫醇(任何含有类似酒精的、以硫代氧的有机化合物) [THIO- + -OL1]

thiopentone /θaiəˈpentəʊn/ n. Pharm.  a barbiturate drug used, usu. as the sodium salt, as a general anaesthetic and a hypnotic, and (reputedly) as a truth drug Also called 亦称作 Pentothal 【药】硫喷妥钠(静脉注射麻醉药) [THIO- + PENTOBARBITONE]

thiosulphate /θaiə(ʊ)ˈsʌlfeit/ n.  a sulphate in which one oxygen atom is replaced by sulphur 硫代硫酸盐

thiourea /ˌθaiəʊjʊˈri:ə/ n.  a crystalline compound used in photography and the manufacture of synthetic resins 硫脲(用于照相和制造合成树脂的晶体化合物)

third /θɜ:d/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 3 in the sequence 1 － 3 第三 2  something occupying this position 第三位；第三等 3  each of three equal parts of a thing 三分之一 4  = THIRD GEAR  5 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning three consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to E) 三度音程；全阶第三音(如 C 至 E)b  a note separated from another by this interval 三度，三音 6 Brit. [英]  a  a place in the third class in an examination (考试成绩的)第三等，丙级b  a person having this 考试成绩中得丙级的人 ●adj.  that is the third 第三的 □ thirdly  adv.   [Old English third(d)a, thridda, from Germanic]

third age n.  the period in life of active retirement; old age 第三时期(退休之后的生活时期)，老年时期

third-best adj. & n. ●adj.  of third quality (质量)最好之中居第三位的 ●n.  a thing in this category 居最好之中第三位者

third class n.  1  the third-best group or category, esp. of hotel and train accommodation (尤指旅馆和火车)三星级；三等车厢 2  a  the third highest division in an examination test (考试成绩中的)第三等b  a place in this (考试成绩中的)第三位

third-class adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  belonging to or travelling by the third class (车船旅行中)三等舱的 2  of lower quality; inferior 质量低劣的；低廉的 ●adv.  by the third class 乘坐三等舱  travels third-class  乘坐三等舱旅行

third cousin  see 见 COUSIN 

third degree n. & adj. ●n.  long and severe questioning esp. by police to obtain information or a confession (尤指警察为获得情况或认罪而进行的长时间)逼供，拷问 ●adj. (作 third-degree)  denoting burns of the most severe kind, affecting lower layers of tissue 三度灼伤的(最严重的灼伤，影响到肌肉组织的下面层)

third eye n.  1 Hinduism & Buddhism  the ‘eye of insight’ in the forehead of an image of a deity, esp. the god Siva 【印度教和佛教】(神像(尤指湿婆神)前额上那只能洞穿内心的)第三只眼 2  the faculty of intuitive insight or prescience (人的)直觉洞察力 3  the pineal gland in certain vertebrates (某些脊椎动物头顶上的)松果体

third force n.  a political group or party acting as a check on conflict between two opposing parties 第三种力量，中间势力(指在两种相互对抗的党派之间起制衡作用的政党或政治团体)

third gear n.  the third lowest in a set of gears (变速档中的)第三档

third man n. Cricket 【板球】  1  a fielder positioned near the boundary behind the slips 第三守场员 2  this position 第三守场员位置

third party n. & adj. ●n.  1  another party besides the two principals (当事人双方之外的)第三者，第三方 2  a bystander etc. 旁观者 ●adj. (作 third-party) Brit. (of insurance) covering damage or injury suffered by a person other than the insured [英] (保险)第三者责任保险

third person n.  1  = THIRD PARTY  2  see 见 PERSON 

third-rate adj.  inferior; very poor in quality 三流的；非常差劲的

third reading n.  a third presentation of a bill to a legislative assembly, in the UK to debate committee reports and in the US to consider it for the last time (议案在议会中的)三读(在英国指对修正的议案进行辩论，然后通过；在美国则指对议案的最后审议)

Third Reich n.  the Nazi regime, 1933 － 45 第三帝国(纳粹德国， 1933 至 1945 年)

Third World n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America 第三世界(亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家)

thirst /θɜ:st/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a physical need to drink liquid, or the feeling of discomfort caused by this 渴，口渴(需要喝水或想喝水的不舒服感觉) 2  a strong desire or craving 渴望，渴求  a thirst for power  对权力的渴求 ●v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for or after)  1  feel thirst 感到口渴，想喝水 2  have a strong desire 渴望，渴求 [Old English thurst, thyrstan, from West Germanic]

thirsty /ˈθɜ:sti/ adj. (thirstier, thirstiest)  1  feeling thirst 渴的，口干的 2 (of land, a season, etc.) dry or parched (土地、季节等)干旱的，缺水的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for or after)  eager 渴望的，渴求的 4 colloq.  causing thirst [口]使人口渴的  thirsty work  使人口渴的工作 □ thirstily  adv.  □ thirstiness  n.   [Old English thurstig, thyrstig (as THIRST, -Y1)]

thirteen /θɜ:ˈti:n, ˈθɜ:ti:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than twelve, or three more than ten 十三 2  a symbol for this (13, xiii, XIII) 表示十三的符号 (13, xiii, XIII) 3  a size etc. denoted by thirteen (尺寸等)13 号 ●adj.  that amount to thirteen 13 的 □ thirteenth  adj. & n.  第 13(的) [Old English thrēotīene (as THREE, -TEEN)]

thirty /ˈθɜ:ti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of three and ten 三十 2  a symbol for this (30, xxx, XXX) 表示三十的符号 (30, xxx, XXX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 30 to 39, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life (人的)30 岁至 39 岁的时期；(世纪的)30 年代 ●adj.  that amount to thirty 30 的 □ thirty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between thirtieth and fortieth (第 30 至第 40 之间的)第 31 ，第 32 …□ thirty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between thirty and forty (30 至 40 之间的)31 ， 32 …□ thirtieth  adj. & n.  第 30(的)□ thirtyfold  adj. & adv.  30 倍(的) [Old English thrītig (as THREE, -TY2)]

Thirty-nine Articles n. pl.  a series of points of doctrine historically accepted as representing the teaching of the Church of England 《 39 条信纲》(英国圣公会的教义纲要)

thirty-second note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美]【音】  = DEMISEMIQUAVER 

thirty-something n. (often 常作 attrib.) colloq.  an unspecified age between thirty and forty [口] 30 多的， 30 好几的

thirty-two-mo n. (pl. -mos)  1  a size of book in which each leaf is one-thirty-second the size of a printing-sheet (印刷纸张的)32 开本 2  a book of this size 32 开本的书

thirty-year rule n.  a rule that public records may be open to inspection after a lapse of thirty years 30 年规则(指国家档案 30 年后可供公众查阅的规则)

this /ðis/ pron., det. & adv. ●pron. (pl. these /ði:z/)  1  the person or thing close at hand or indicated or already named or understood 这，这个(指靠近、或已经提到或明白的人或物)  can you see this?  你能看到这个吗？ this is my cousin  这是我的表妹 2 (contrasted with that)  the person or thing nearer to hand or more immediately in mind (与 that 相对)这，这个(指更靠近或心理上更亲近的人或物) 3  the action, behaviour, or circumstances under consideration 这，这个(指正在考虑中的行动、行为或情况)  this won't do at all  这根本不行 what do you think of this?  你对这事有什么看法？ 4 (on the telephone 打电话时) : a Brit.  the person speaking [英] (打电话时说话的)这方，我  this is Jane  我是简b US  the person spoken to [美] (打电话时说话的)对方  who is this?  你是谁呀？ ●det. (pl. these /ði:z/)  1  designating the person or thing close at hand etc. (cf. senses 1, 2 of pron. 参见代词释义 1 和 2) 这，这个(指靠近的人或物) 2 (of time 关于时间) : a  the present or current 现今，本  am busy all this week (我) 本周一直很忙b  relating to today 今，今天  this morning  今天上午c  just past or to come 刚过去的；即将来到的  have been asking for it these three weeks  这 3 周里一直在索要这东西 3 colloq. (in narrative) designating a person or thing previously unspecified [口]一个(叙述故事时指前面未曾指明的人或物)  then up came this policeman  然后走过来一位警察 ●adv.  to the degree or extent indicated 达到这样的程度，这样，这么  knew him when he was this high  当他这么高的时候就认识他 did not reach this far  没有到这么远 □ this and that  colloq.  various unspecified examples of things (esp. trivial) [口]各种事情，各样东西(尤指琐碎事情)□ this here  slang  this particular (person or thing) [俚语] (特指)这个(人或物)□ this much   the amount or extent about to be stated 这么多，到这样的程度  I know this much, that he was not there  我非常了解，他当时不在那里□ this world   mortal life 现世，世俗生活 [Old English, neut. of thes]

thistle /ˈθis(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various prickly herbaceous plants of the genus Cirsium, Carlina, or Carduus etc. (daisy family), usu. with globular heads of purple flowers 蓟(带刺的菊科植物，通常开小球状紫色花) 2  this as the Scottish national emblem (苏格兰的)国徽 [Old English thistel, from Germanic]

thistledown /ˈθis(ə)ldaʊn/ n.  a light fluffy down or pappus attached to thistle seeds and blown about in the wind (毛茸茸的、在风中轻轻飘动的)蓟种子冠毛

thistly /ˈθisli/ adj.  overgrown with thistles 多蓟的，多刺的

thither /ˈðiðə/ adv. archaic or formal  to or towards that place [古义] [正式]到那儿，向那儿 [Old English thider, alteration (influenced by HITHER) of thœder]

thixotropy /θikˈsɒtrəpi/ n.  the property of becoming temporarily liquid when shaken or stirred etc., and returning to a gel on standing (凝胶等所具有的)触变性，摇溶现象 □ thixotropic  /θiksəˈtraʊpik, -ˈtrɒpik/ adj.  触变的，摇溶的 [Greek thixis ‘touching’ + tropē ‘turning’]

tho' var.  of THOUGH  THOUGH 的变体

thole1 /θəʊl/ n. (in full 全称 thole-pin)  1  a pin in the gunwale of a boat as the fulcrum for an oar (划船用的)桨耳，桨架 2  each of two such pins forming a rowlock (桨架的)栓，销，钉 [Old English thol ‘fir tree, peg’]

thole2 /θəʊl/ v. tr. Sc. or archaic [苏格兰] [古义]  1  undergo or suffer (pain, grief, etc.) 忍受，遭受(疼痛、痛苦等) 2  permit or admit of 容许，承认 [Old English tholian, from Germanic]

tholos /ˈθɒlɒs/ n. (pl. tholoi /-lɔi/) Gk Antiq.  a dome-shaped tomb, esp. of the Mycenaean period [古希腊] (尤指迈锡尼时代的)圆顶形坟墓 [Greek]

Thomas /ˈtɒməs/   托马斯 [人名]

Thomism /ˈtəʊmiz(ə)m/ n.  the doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian d. 1274, or of his followers 托马斯主义(卒于 1274 年的意大利经院哲学家和神学家托马斯·阿奎那或其追随者的学说) □ Thomist  n. & adj.  □ Thomistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.  □ Thomistical  /-ˈmistik(ə)l/ adj.  

thong /θɒŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a narrow strip of hide or leather used as the lash of a whip, as a halter or rein, etc. (用作鞭子或缰绳的)皮带子，皮条，条带 2 Austral., NZ & N. Amer. [澳新北美]  = FLIP-FLOP 1  3  a skimpy bathing garment like a G-string G 带形浴衣(穿着后十分暴露的、状似脱衣舞女所穿的遮羞布) ●v. tr.  1  provide with a thong 给…装上皮带子 2  strike with a thong 鞭打 [Old English thwang, thwong, from Germanic]

thorax /ˈθɔ:ræks/ n. (pl. thoraces /ˈθɔ:rəsi:z/ or thoraxes)  1 Anat. & Zool.  the part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen 【解】【动】胸廓，胸部(脖子和肚腹之间的躯干部分) 2 Gk Antiq.  a breastplate or cuirass [古希腊]胸铠，胸甲 □ thoracal  /ˈθɔ:rək(ə)l/ adj.  □ thoracic  /θɔ:ˈræsik, θə-/ adj.   [Latin from Greek thōrax -akos]

thoria /ˈθɔ:riə/ n.  the oxide of thorium 氧化钍

thorium /ˈθɔ:riəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive metallic element occurring naturally in monazite, the oxide of which is used in gas-mantles (symbol 符 Th) 【化】(化学元素)钍(独居石中自然生成的一种放射性金属元素，其氧化物用于煤气灯的纱罩) [named after Thor, Scandinavian god of thunder]

thorn /θɔ:n/ n.  1  a stiff sharp-pointed projection on a plant (植物的)刺，棘刺 2 (also 亦作 thorn bush, thorn tree)  a thorn-bearing shrub or tree 带刺小灌木，荆棘 3  the name of an Old English and Icelandic runic letter, þ (= th) 刺形符(古英语和冰岛如尼文字字母) □ on thorns   continuously uneasy, esp. in fear of being detected 焦虑不安，如坐针毡(尤指害怕被发觉)□ a thorn in one's flesh (or side)   a constant annoyance 肉中刺，经常使某人苦恼的事或人□ thornless  adj.  □ thornproof  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

thorn apple n.  1  a poisonous plant of the nightshade family, Datura stramonium 曼陀罗(茄属植物中的一种有毒植物) 2  the prickly fruit of this 曼陀罗刺果

thornback /ˈθɔ:nbæk/ n.  a ray, Raja clavata, with spines on the back and tail 鳐(背和尾长有刺的鱼)，刺鱼

thornbill /ˈθɔ:nbil/ n.  1  any Australian warbler of the genus Acanthiza (澳洲的)刺嘴莺 2  any of various S. American hummingbirds, esp. of the genus Chalcostigma (南美的)刺嘴蜂鸟

thorntail /ˈθɔ:nteil/ n.  any S. American hummingbird of the genus Popelairia (南美的)刺尾蜂鸟

thorny /ˈθɔ:ni/ adj. (thornier, thorniest)  1  having many thorns 多刺的 2 (of a subject) hard to handle without offence; problematic (指某一问题)棘手的，难以处理的 □ thornily  adv.  □ thorniness  n.  

thorough /ˈθʌrə/ adj.  1  complete and unqualified; not superficial 彻底的，完全的；非表面的  needs a thorough change  需要一次彻底改变 2  acting or done with great care and completeness 仔细周到的，工作缜密的  the report is most thorough  这个报告非常的细致缜密 3  absolute 绝对的，十足的  he is a thorough nuisance  他是个十足的讨厌鬼 □ thoroughly  adv.  □ thoroughness  n.   [originally as adv. and prep. in the senses of through: from Old English thuruh, variant of thurh THROUGH]

thorough bass n.  a bass part for a keyboard player with numerals and symbols below to indicate the harmony 通奏低音，数字低音

thoroughbred /ˈθʌrəbred/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of pure breed 纯种的，良种的 2  of outstanding quality; first-class 优秀的，第一流的 ●n.  1  a thoroughbred animal, esp. a horse 纯种动物(尤指马) 2 (作 Thoroughbred)  a  a breed of racehorses originating from English mares and Arab stallions 英纯血马(原为英国母马和阿拉伯公马交配所生的赛马)b  a horse of this breed 纯血马

thoroughfare /ˈθʌrəfɛə/ n.  a road or path open at both ends, esp. for traffic (尤指两端都很畅通的)交通要道，通衢大道

thoroughgoing /θʌrəˈɡəʊiŋ/ adj.  1  uncompromising; not superficial 彻底的；非表面的 2 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  extreme; out and out 十足的，彻头彻尾的

thorough-paced adj.  1 (of a horse) trained to all paces (马)步伐受过严格完善训练的 2  complete or unqualified 完全的，十足的

thorp /θɔ:p/ n. (also 亦作 thorpe) archaic  a village or hamlet [古义]小村 [Old English thorp, throp, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 Thorp(e) is now usually found only in place names, e.g. Scunthorpe. thorp(e) 现在通常仅出现于某些地名，如 : Scunthorpe 。 

Thos. abbr. [缩略]  Thomas 

those pl.  of THAT  

thou1 /ðaʊ/ pron. (obj. thee /ði:/; poss. thy or thine; pl. ye or you)  second person singular pronoun 你 [Old English thu, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 Thou has now been replaced by you except in some formal, liturgical, dialect, and poetic uses. 除了某些正式、礼拜仪式、方言或诗歌用法外， thou 现已被 you 替代。 

thou2 /θaʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or thous) colloq. [口]  1  a thousand 一千 2  one-thousandth 第一千 [abbreviation]

though /ðəʊ/ conj. & adv. (also 亦作 tho') ●conj.  1  despite the fact that 虽然，尽管  though it was early we went to bed  尽管还早，我们还是上床睡了 2 (introducing a possibility) even if (引导一种可能性)即使  ask him though he may refuse  即使他有可能拒绝，还是问问他吧 would not attend though the Queen herself were there  即使女王亲自在场也不愿参加 3  and yet; nevertheless 可是，不过  she read on, though not to the very end  她继续读了下去，不过没有读到结尾 4  in spite of being 尽管，虽然  ready though unwilling  尽管不愿意，但还是准备好了 ●adv. colloq.  however; all the same [口]然而，仍然  I wish you had told me, though  然而，我真希望你当时告诉了我 [Middle English thoh etc. from Old Norse thó etc., corresponding to Old English thēah, from Germanic]

thought1 /θɔ:t/ n.  1  the process or power of thinking; the faculty of reason 思想，思考；思考能力 2  a way of thinking characteristic of or associated with a particular time, people, group, etc. (特定时代、群体的)思考方式  medieval European thought  中世纪欧洲人的思考方式 3  sober reflection or consideration 思索；考虑  gave it much thought  好好考虑一下此事 4  an idea or piece of reasoning produced by thinking 想法；推理  many good thoughts came out of the discussion  许多好的想法都来源于讨论 5 (foll. by 后跟 of + verbal noun or to + infin.)  a partly formed intention or hope 期望，企图  gave up all thoughts of winning  放弃了一切想赢的期望 had no thought to go  不想去 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  what one is thinking; one's opinion 想法；意见，见解  have you any thoughts on this?  你对此有何看法？ 7  the subject of one's thinking 打算，意图  my one thought was to get away  我的一个打算是离开 8 (prec. by 前接 a)  somewhat 少许，一点点  seems to me a thought arrogant  在我看来好像有点高傲 □ give thought to   consider; think about 考虑；思考□ in thought   thinking, meditating 正在想，正在思考□ take thought   consider matters 考虑，注意到(某事)□ -thoughted  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English thōht (as THINK)]

thought2 past and past part.  of THINK 

thoughtful /ˈθɔ:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  engaged in or given to meditation 沉思的，思考的 2 (of a book, writer, remark, etc.) giving signs of serious thought (指书、作者、言论等)经过缜密思考的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of) (of a person or conduct) considerate; not haphazard or unfeeling (人或行为)考虑周到的；体贴的 □ thoughtfully  adv.  □ thoughtfulness  n.  

thoughtless /ˈθɔ:tlis/ adj.  1  careless of consequences or of others' feelings 粗心的；轻率的；欠考虑的 2  due to lack of thought 没有思想的；缺乏思考能力的 □ thoughtlessly  adv.  □ thoughtlessness  n.  

thought-provoking adj.  stimulating serious thought 引起思考的；发人深思的

thought-reader n.  a person supposedly able to perceive another's thoughts 解人心思的人 □ thought-reading  n.  读心术，解人心思

thought transference n.  telepathy 思想传递，传心

thought-wave n.  an undulation of the supposed medium of thought transference 思想传递波，传心波

thousand /ˈθaʊz(ə)nd/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. thousands or (in sense 1 用于释义 1) thousand) (in sing. prec. by 用单数前接 a or one)  1  the product of a hundred and ten 一千 2  a symbol for this 表示一千的符号 (1,000, m, M) 3  a set of a thousand things 由 1,000 个构成的一组 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) colloq.  a large number [口]许许多多，成百上千 ●adj.  that amount to a thousand 1, 000 的 □ thousandfold  adj. & adv.  千倍的；千倍地□ thousandth  adj. & n.  第 1,000(的) [Old English thūsend, from Germanic]

thrall /θrɔ:l/ n. literary [文学用语]  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of, to)  a slave (of a person, or a power or influence) 受人奴役的人；受某种力量(或势力)支配的人 2  a state of slavery or servitude 奴役；束缚  in thrall  沉湎其中 □ thraldom  n. (also 亦作 thralldom)  奴役；束缚 [Old English thrœˉl from Old Norse thrœˊll, perhaps from a Germanic root meaning ‘run’]

thrash /θræʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  beat severely, esp. with a stick or whip (尤指用棍棒或鞭子)猛力击打(抽打) 2 tr.  defeat thoroughly in a contest (比赛中)彻底击败，重创 3 intr. (of a paddle wheel, branch, etc.) act like a flail; deliver repeated blows (船的桨轮、树枝等像连枷似地)不断挥动；反复拍击 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 about, around)  move or fling the limbs about violently or in panic 剧烈扭动；猛烈跳动 5 intr. (of a ship) keep striking the waves; make way against the wind or tide (指船)劈风斩浪；逆风逆水而行  thrash to windward  顶风破浪前进 6 tr.  = THRESH 1  ●n.  1  an act of thrashing 棒打，鞭打，打击 2 Brit. colloq.  a party, esp. a lavish one [英口] (尤指放纵的)聚会，宴会 □ thrash out   discuss to a conclusion 通过讨论获得结果□ thrashing  n.   [Old English therscan, later threscan, from Germanic]

thrasher1 /ˈθræʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that thrashes 打谷者；脱粒机 2  = THRESHER 

thrasher2 /ˈθræʃə/ n.  any of various long-tailed N. American thrushlike birds of the family Mimidae 嘲鸫(北美的一种长尾鸣禽) [perhaps from English dialect thrusher = THRUSH1]

thrawn /θrɔ:n/ adj. Sc. [苏格兰]  1  perverse or ill-tempered 有悖常情的；执拗的，顽固的 2  misshapen, crooked 被弯曲的，扭曲的 [Scots form of thrown, in obsolete senses]

thread /θred/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a spun-out filament of cotton, silk, glass, etc.; yarn (棉、丝、玻璃等)线；纱线b  a length of this 线状物；线状体 2  a thin cord of twisted yarns used esp. in sewing and weaving (尤指用于缝纫和织布的)棉纱，麻纱 3  anything regarded as threadlike with reference to its continuity or connectedness 条理；历程；贯穿的主线  the thread of life  生命的历程 lost the thread of his argument  他论据的思路断了 4  the spiral ridge of a screw 螺齿，螺丝 5 (in pl. 用复数) slang  clothes [俚语]衣服 6  a thin seam or vein of ore 细矿脉 ●v. tr.  1  a  pass a thread through the eye of (a needle) 穿线(入针眼等)b (often foll. by 常后跟 through)  pass (a thread, ribbon, etc.) through a hole or series of holes 把(线或带子等)穿过洞眼 2  put (beads) on a thread 用线穿(珠子) 3  arrange (material in a strip form, e.g. film or magnetic tape) in the proper position on equipment 装(胶卷)；装(录音磁带) 4  make (one's way) carefully through a crowded place, over a difficult route, etc. 穿行(或绕行)于(拥挤的人群或艰难的路程) 5  streak (hair etc.) as with threads 使(头发等)夹带有条状物 6  form a screw thread on 刻螺纹于 □ hang by a thread   be in a precarious state, position, etc. 千钧一发，岌岌可危□ threader  n.  □ threadlike  adj.   [Old English thrœˉd, from Germanic]

threadbare /ˈθredbɛə/ adj.  1 (of cloth) so worn that the nap is lost and the thread visible (衣服)穿旧的，磨光露底的 2 (of a person) wearing such clothes (人)衣衫褴褛的 3  a  hackneyed 陈腐的，老一套的b  feeble or insubstantial 脆弱的；不令人满意的  a threadbare excuse  没有说服力的借口

threadfin /ˈθredfin/ n.  any small tropical fish of the family Polynemidae, with long streamers from its pectoral fins 须鳂(马鲅科热带小鱼，胸部鳍上有长须)

thread mark n.  a mark in the form of a thin line made in banknote paper with highly coloured silk fibres to prevent photographic counterfeiting (纸币中防伪造的)彩色丝纹

thread vein n.  a very slender vein visible through the skin (皮肤的)细纹

threadworm /ˈθredwɜ:m/ n.  any of various esp. parasitic threadlike nematode worms, e.g. the pinworm 丝虫，线虫(指长得像线一样的各种寄生虫，如蛲虫)

thready /ˈθredi/ adj. (threadier, threadiest)  1  of or like a thread 线的；线做的；线状的，丝状的 2 (of a person's pulse) scarcely perceptible (人的脉搏)微弱的，微细的

threat /θret/ n.  1  a  a declaration of an intention to punish or hurt 威胁，恐吓b Law  a menace of bodily hurt or injury, such as may restrain a person's freedom of action 【法律】(限制某人行动自由的)伤害恐吓 2  an indication of something undesirable coming 凶兆，征兆  the threat of war  战争的凶兆 3  a person or thing as a likely cause of harm etc. 构成危害的人(或事物) [Old English thrēat ‘affliction’, etc. from Germanic]

threaten /ˈθret(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  make a threat or threats against 威胁，恐吓 2  be a sign or indication of (something undesirable) 是(某种不愿看到的事情)的征兆 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  announce one's intention to do an undesirable or unexpected thing 扬言要，威胁着要  threatened to resign  扬言要辞职 4 (also absol. [亦含宾])  give warning of the infliction of (harm etc.) 预示(危害等)即将来临  the clouds were threatening rain  乌云预示着快要下雨了 5 (as 作 threatened adj.) (of a species etc.) in danger of becoming rare or extinct (指物种等)频临灭绝 □ threatener  n.  □ threateningly  adv.   [Old English thrēatnian (as THREAT)]

three /θri:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  one more than two, or seven less than ten 三b  a symbol for this 表示三的符号 (3, iii, III) 2  a size etc. denoted by three (尺寸等的)3 号 3  three o'clock 3 点钟 4  a set of three 三个构成的一组 5  a card with three pips 带 3 点的纸牌 ●adj.  that amount to three 3 的 [Old English thrī, from Germanic]

three-card monte  see 见 MONTE 2 

three-card trick n.  a game in which bets are made on which is the queen among three cards lying face downwards 三牌猜王后(一种纸牌游戏，在 3 张面朝下的纸牌中猜哪一张是王后牌)

three cheers  see 见 CHEER 

three-colour process n.  a process of reproducing natural colours by combining photographic images in the three primary colours (使图片再现自然色彩的)三原色制版

three-cornered adj.  1  triangular 三角形的 2 (of a contest etc.) between three parties as individuals (比赛等)有三人(或三方)参加的

three-decker n.  1 hist.  a warship with three gun-decks [史义]三层甲板战舰 2  a novel in three volumes 三卷本长篇小说 3  a sandwich with three slices of bread (三片面包两层夹心的)三明治

three-dimensional adj.  having or appearing to have length, breadth, and depth (有长度、宽度和深度的)三维空间的，立体的

threefold /ˈθri:fəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  three times as much or as many 三倍的(地) 2  consisting of three parts 有三部分的；三重的(地)

three-handed adj.  1  having or using three hands 有 3 只手的；用 3 只手的 2  involving three players (牌戏等)3 人玩的

three-legged race n.  a running race between pairs, one member of each pair having the left leg tied to the right leg of the other 绑腿赛跑(两人为一组的赛跑，一人的左腿与另一人的右腿绑在一起)

three-line whip n. (in the UK) a written notice, underlined three times to denote urgency, to members of a political party to attend a parliamentary vote 紧急指令(指英国某一政党领袖要求该党议员参加议会投票的指令，因其下面划有三道底线以示紧急，故名)

three parts n. pl. & adv. (as adv. often hyphenated 作副词时常加连字符)  three-quarters 四分之三

threepence /ˈθrep(ə)ns, ˈθrʊ-, ˈθrʌ-/ n. Brit.  the sum of three pence, esp. before decimalization [英] (尤指英国采用货币十进制之前的)三便士

threepenny /ˈθrep(ə)ni, ˈθrʊ-, ˈθrʌ-/ adj. Brit.  costing three pence, esp. before decimalization [英] (尤指英国采用货币十进制之前)值三便士的

threepenny bit n. hist.  a former coin worth three old pence [史义] (旧时的)三便士硬币

three-phase adj. (of an electric generator, motor, etc.) designed to supply or use simultaneously three separate alternating currents of the same voltage, but with phases differing by a third of a period (指发电机、电动机等)三相的

three-piece n. & adj. ●n.  a three-piece suit of clothes or suite of furniture (衣服或家具)三件成一套的 ●attrib. adj. (esp. of a suit or suite) consisting of three items (尤指一套东西)由三部分构成的

three-ply adj. & n. ●adj.  of three strands, webs, or thicknesses 三层的；三股的；三重的 ●n.  1  three-ply wool 三股头毛线 2  three-ply wood made by gluing together three layers with the grain in different directions 三层胶合板

three-point landing n.  the landing of an aircraft on the two main wheels and the tailwheel or skid simultaneously 三点着陆(指飞机两主轮与尾轮同时着地)

three-point turn n.  a method of turning a vehicle round in a narrow space by moving forwards, backwards, and forwards again in a sequence of arcs 三点转向(指在狭窄场所把车子前驶、后退再前驶以转向的方法)

three-pronged adj.  having three parts, goals, or lines of attack 有三部分的；有三叉的；三路进攻的  three-pronged strategy  三路进攻战略

three-pronged attack n.  an attack on three separate points at once (同时的)三路攻击

three-quarter n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 three-quarter back) Rugby  any of three or four players just behind the half-backs 【英式橄榄球】中卫 ●adj.  1  consisting of three-quarters of something 四分之三的 2 (of a portrait) going down to the hips or showing three-fourths of the face (between full face and profile) (指肖像画)展示身体四分之三的(一直向下到臀部)，大半身的；展示脸部四分之三的

three-quarters n. pl. & adv. ●n. pl.  three parts out of four; the greater part 四分之三；大部分 ●adv.  to the extent of three quarters; almost, very nearly 四分之三；几乎，差不多

three-ring circus n. esp. US [尤美]  1  a circus with three rings for simultaneous performances (有三个圆形场地、可同时表演三套不同节目的)大马戏场 2  an extravagant display 大型热闹的演出；五花八门的场面

three Rs n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  reading, writing, and arithmetic, regarded as the fundamentals of learning 初等教育三要素(指读、写、算)

threescore /θri:ˈskɔ:/ n. archaic  sixty [古义]六十

threesome /ˈθri:səm/ n.  1  a group of three persons 三人一组 2  a game etc. for three, esp. Golf of one against two 三人玩的游戏；三人参加的比赛(尤指一打二的高尔夫球赛)

three-way adj.  involving three ways or participants 三向的，三方面的；有三人(或三方)参加的

three-wheeler n.  a vehicle with three wheels 三轮车

thremmatology /θreməˈtɒlədʒi/ n.  the science of breeding animals and plants 动植物养育学 [Greek thremma -matos ‘nursling’ + -LOGY]

threnody /ˈθrenədi/ n. (also 亦作 threnode /ˈθrenəʊd/) (pl. -ies or threnodes)  1  a lamentation, esp. on a person's death (尤指对某人死去的)哀悼 2  a song of lamentation 哀歌，挽歌 □ threnodial  /-ˈnəʊdiəl/ adj.  □ threnodic  /-ˈnɒdik/ adj.  □ threnodist  /ˈθrenədist/ n.   [Greek thrēnōidia, from thrēnos ‘wailing’ + ōidē ODE]

threonine /ˈθri:əni:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid, considered essential for growth 【生化】苏氨酸(一种对生长起关键作用的氨基酸) [threose (name of a tetrose sugar), ultimately from Greek eruthros ‘red’ + -INE4]

thresh /θreʃ/ v.  1 tr.  beat out or separate grain from (corn etc.) 摔打(谷物等)使脱粒 2 intr.  = THRASHv. 4  3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  analyse (a problem etc.) in search of a solution 反复研究，推敲(问题等) □ thresh out   = thrash out  [variant of THRASH]

thresher /ˈθreʃə/ n.  1  a person or machine that threshes 打谷人；脱粒机 2  a shark, Alopias vulpinus, with a long upper lobe to its tail with which it can lash the water to direct its prey (狐形)长尾鲨

threshing floor n.  a hard level floor for threshing esp. with flails (尤指使用连枷的)打谷场

threshing machine n.  a power-driven machine for separating the grain from the straw or husk (使谷粒与草或壳分离开来的)脱粒机

threshold /ˈθreʃəʊld, ˈθreʃhəʊld/ n.  1  a strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway and crossed in entering a house or room etc. 门槛，门口(形成门道底部、交叉于房子或房间等入口处的一段木头或石头) 2  a point of entry or beginning 入门；开端，开始  on the threshold of a new century  在新世纪的开端 3 Physiol. & Psychol.  a limit below which a stimulus causes no reaction 【生理】【心】限，临界(刺激时没有任何反应的下限)  pain threshold  疼痛临界点 4 Physics  a limit below which no reaction occurs, esp. a minimum dose of radiation producing a specified effect 【物理学】阈，阈值(不出现任何反应的下限，尤指产生特定效果的最小辐射剂量) 5 (often 常作 attrib.) esp. Brit.  a step in a scale of wages or taxation, usu. operative in specified conditions [尤英] (工资的)起始点；(税收的)起征点 [Old English therscold, threscold, etc., related to THRASH in the sense ‘tread’: origin of second element unknown]

threw past  of THROW  

thrice /θrais/ adv. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  three times 三次；三倍 2 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  highly 非常，十分  thrice-blessed  非常幸运 [Middle English thries from thrie (adv.), from Old English thrīwa, thrīga (as THREE, -S3)]

thrift /θrift/ n.  1  frugality; economical management 节约，节俭 2  a plant of the genus Armeria, esp. the sea pink 海石竹(生于美洲的一种植物) [Middle English from Old Norse (as THRIVE)]

thriftless /ˈθriftlis/ adj.  wasteful, improvident 浪费的，不节约的 □ thriftlessly  adv.  □ thriftlessness  n.  

thrift shop n. (also 亦作 thrift store) esp. US  a shop selling second-hand items usu. for charity [尤美] (通常为慈善目的而出售旧货的)廉价店

thrifty /ˈθrifti/ adj. (thriftier, thriftiest)  1  economical, frugal 节约的，节俭的 2  thriving, prosperous 茁壮的，茂盛的；繁荣昌盛的 □ thriftily  adv.  □ thriftiness  n.  

thrill /θril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wave or nervous tremor of emotion or sensation 兴奋，刺激，紧张  a thrill of joy  一阵愉悦的刺激 a thrill of recognition  认出时的一阵激动 2  a throb or pulsation 颤动，振动 3 Med.  a vibratory movement or resonance heard in auscultation 【医】(听诊器里听到的)震颤，颤动 ●v.  1 intr.  feel a thrill 感到兴奋或激动；感到紧张  thrilled to the sound  听到那声音就紧张 2 tr.  a  cause to feel a thrill of excitement or emotion 使感到兴奋或激动  a voice that thrilled millions  使千百万人感到激动万分的声音b (as 作 thrilled adj.) colloq.  delighted, pleased [口]高兴的，兴奋的 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, over, along) (of an emotion etc.) pass with a thrill through etc. (情感等)穿过  fear thrilled through my veins  恐惧使我全身毛骨悚然 4 intr.  quiver or throb with or as with emotion 颤抖，颤动 □ thrilling  adj.  □ thrillingly  adv.   [thirl (now dialect) from Old English thyrlian ‘pierce’ via thyˉrel ‘hole’ from thurh THROUGH]

thriller /ˈθrilə/ n.  an exciting or sensational story or play etc., esp. one involving crime or espionage 引起激动或刺激的故事或戏剧(尤指含有犯罪或间谍内容的故事)

thrips /θrips/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a minute black insect of the order Thysanoptera, some members of which are injurious to plants Also called 亦称作 THUNDERFLY 蓟马(一种缨翅目昆虫，对植物有危害) [Latin from Greek, = woodworm]

thrive /θraiv/ v. intr. (past throve /θrəʊv/ or thrived; past part. thriven /ˈθriv(ə)n/ or thrived)  1  prosper or flourish 繁荣昌盛，兴旺发达 2  grow rich 旺盛，茂盛 3 (of a child, animal, or plant) grow vigorously (指孩子、动物或植物)茁壮成长 [Middle English from Old Norse thrífask, refl. of thrífa ‘grasp’]

thro' var.  of THROUGH  THROUGH 的变体

throat /θrəʊt/ n.  1  a  the windpipe or gullet 喉道，咽，咽喉，喉咙b  the front part of the neck containing this 喉头，颈前部 2 literary [文学用语]  a  a voice, esp. of a songbird (尤指鸣禽的)歌喉b  a thing compared to a throat, esp. a narrow passage, entrance, or exit 咽喉状部分(尤指狭窄的通道、进口或出口) 3 Naut.  the forward upper corner of a fore-and-aft sail 【海】(前后帆的)弯曲处，凹口 □ cut one's own throat   bring about one's own downfall 自取灭亡，自寻死路□ ram (or thrust) down a person's throat   force (a thing) on a person's attention 强迫某人接受(某事)□ -throated  adj. (in comb. 用于复合词)   [Old English throte, throtu, from Germanic]

throaty /ˈθrəʊti/ adj. (throatier, throatiest)  1 (of a voice) deficient in clarity; hoarsely resonant (指声音)含混不清的，沙哑的 2  guttural; uttered in the throat 喉音的，喉中发出的 3  having a prominent or capacious throat (嗓音)低沉(或洪亮)的 □ throatily  adv.  □ throatiness  n.  

throb /θrɒb/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (throbbed, throbbing)  1  palpitate or pulsate, esp. with more than the usual force or rapidity (尤指超出正常速度而强烈地)跳动，搏动 2  vibrate or quiver with a persistent rhythm or with emotion (连续、有节奏地或激情地)震动，颤动 ●n.  1  a throbbing (有节奏的)震动，颤动 2  a palpitation or (esp. violent) pulsation (尤指剧烈的)跳动，搏动 [Middle English, apparently imitative]

throe /θrəʊ/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a violent pang, esp. of childbirth or death (尤指分娩时的)阵痛；(临死时挣扎的)痛苦 2  anguish 痛苦 □ in the throes of   struggling with the task of 在…痛苦挣扎之中搏斗 [Middle English throwe perhaps from Old English thrēa, thrawu ‘calamity’, influenced by throwian ‘suffer’]

thrombi pl.  of THROMBUS  

thrombin /ˈθrɒmbin/ n.  an enzyme in blood plasma which causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin 凝血酶(血浆中一种通过把血纤维蛋白原转换成纤维蛋白而造成血液凝结成块的酶) [as THROMBUS + -IN]

thrombocyte /ˈθrɒmbəsait/ n.  = PLATELET  [as THROMBUS + -CYTE]

thrombocytopenia /ˌθrɒmbəʊsaitə(ʊ)ˈpi:niə/ n. Med.  deficiency of platelets in the blood 【医】血小板减少症 [THROMBOCYTE + Greek penia ‘poverty’]

thrombose /θrɒmˈbəʊz, -s/ v. tr. & intr.  affect with or undergo thrombosis 使形成血栓 [back-formation from THROMBOSIS]

thrombosis /θrɒmˈbəʊsis/ n. (pl. thromboses /-si:z/)  the formation of a thrombus 血栓形成 □ thrombotic  /-ˈbɒtik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek thrombōsis ‘curdling’ (as THROMBUS)]

thrombus /ˈθrɒmbəs/ n. (pl. thrombi /-bai/)  a blood clot formed in the vascular system and impeding blood flow 血栓(血管中形成的血块，阻碍血液的流通) [modern Latin from Greek thrombos ‘lump, blood clot’]

throne /θrəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a chair of State for a sovereign or bishop etc. (君主的)宝座，御座；(主教的)神座 2  sovereign power 君权，王权  came to the throne  登上王位 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the third order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 座天使 (9 级天使中的第 3 级) 4 colloq.  a lavatory seat and bowl [口] (厕所的)马桶座 ●v. tr.  place on a throne 使登上王位，使掌握王权 □ throneless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French trone and Latin thronus from Greek thronos ‘high seat’]

throng /θrɒŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a crowd of people 聚集的一群人 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a multitude, esp. in a small space (尤指狭小空间里的)一大群，众多 ●v.  1 intr.  come in great numbers 蜂拥而来，群集  crowds thronged to the stadium  人们朝体育场蜂拥而来 2 tr.  flock into or crowd round; fill with or as with a crowd 涌入；拥塞；挤满  crowds thronged the streets  人群拥塞在街道上 [Old English gethrang, from verbal stem thring- thrang-thrung-]

throstle /ˈθrɒs(ə)l/ n.  1 Brit.  a song thrush [英]歌鸫 2 (in full 全称 throstle frame) hist.  a machine for continuously spinning wool or cotton etc. [史义]精梳毛纺机 [Old English from Germanic: related to THRUSH1]

throttle /ˈθrɒt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a (in full 全称 throttle-valve)  a valve controlling the flow of fuel or steam etc. in an engine (引擎的)节流阀，节气阀b (in full 全称 throttle-lever)  a lever or pedal operating this valve (节流阀或节气阀的)节流杆，节气操纵杆；油门踏板 2  the throat, gullet, or windpipe 喉咙；咽喉；气管 ●v. tr.  1  choke or strangle 掐死，使窒息 2  prevent the utterance etc. of 阻止…发出声音 3  control (an engine or steam etc.) with a throttle 控制(引擎或蒸汽)的推力 □ throttle back (or down)   reduce the speed of (an engine or vehicle) by throttling 调节油门；减速□ throttler  n.   [the verb from Middle English throtel, perhaps from THROAT + -LE4: the noun perhaps a diminutive of THROAT]

through /θru:/ prep., adv. & adj. (also 亦作 thro', US [美] thru) ●prep.  1  a  from end to end or from side to side of 从一端(或一边)至另一端(或另一边)，穿过b  going in one side or end and out the other of 从一边(或一端)进，从另一边(或另一端)出 2  between or among 在…之间；在…之中  swam through the waves  在风浪里畅游 3  from beginning to end of 从头至尾，从开始到结束，遍及  read through the letter  从头至尾地读了那封信 went through many difficulties  经历了许多困难 4  because of; by the agency, means, or fault of 因为，由于；凭借；经由  lost it through carelessness  因为粗心而丢失了它 5 N. Amer.  up to and including [北美]直至  Monday through Friday  星期一直至星期五 ●adv.  1  through a thing; from side to side, end to end, or beginning to end 对穿地；从一端(或一边)至另一端(或另一边)地；从头至尾地  went through to the garden  穿过去走到花园 would not let us through  不让我们穿过 2  having completed (esp. successfully) (尤指成功地)完成，结束  are through their exams  成功地通过了考试 3  so as to be connected by telephone (电话)接通  will put you through  将给你接通 ●attrib. adj.  1 (of a journey, route, etc.) done without a change of line or vehicle etc. or with one ticket (旅途、路程等)不需换乘的，一票全程的 2 (of traffic) going through a place to its destination (交通)直达的，直通的 3 (of a road) open at both ends (道路)畅通的 □ be through  colloq. [口]  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  have finished 完成的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  cease to have dealings 结束的，断绝的 3  have no further prospects 完结的；完蛋的  is through as a politician  作为政客的生涯结束了□ through and through   1  thoroughly, completely 完全地，彻底地 2  through again and again 一再地，反复地 [Old English thurh, from West Germanic]

throughout /θru:ˈaʊt/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  right through; from end to end of 遍及；贯穿  throughout the town  遍及整个城里 throughout the  18th century 贯穿整个 18 世纪 ●adv.  in every part or respect 到处；全部地  the timber was rotten throughout  那根木头全都烂透了

throughput /ˈθru:pʊt/ n.  the amount of material put through a process, esp. in manufacturing or computing (尤指制造业或计算机的)生产量，生产能力；总处理能力

throughway /ˈθru:wei/ n. (also US [亦美] thruway)  a thoroughfare, esp. N. Amer. a motorway 直通道路，(尤其在北美指高速公路)

throve past  of THRIVE  

throw /θrəʊ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past threw /θru:/; past part. thrown /θrəʊn/)  1  propel with some force through the air or in a particular direction (用力朝空中或朝某一特定方向)投，掷，抛，扔 2  force violently into a specified position or state 使猛撞；猛力推动  the ship was thrown on the rocks  轮船猛撞在礁石上 threw themselves down  他们自己仆倒在地 3  compel suddenly to be in a specified condition 突然陷入某种状况  was thrown out of work  突然丢掉了工作 4  turn or move (part of the body) quickly or suddenly 急伸，猛动(身体的部位)  threw an arm out  猛然伸出手臂 5  project or cast (light, a shadow, a spell, etc.) 投射(光、影等) 6  a  bring to the ground in wrestling (摔跤中)使摔倒b (of a horse) unseat (its rider) (马)摔下(骑手) 7 colloq.  disconcert [口]使困惑；难住  the question threw me for a moment  那个问题一下子难住了我 8 (foll. by 后跟 on, off, etc.)  put (clothes etc.) hastily on or off etc. 急匆匆地穿上或脱下(衣服等) 9  a  cause (dice) to fall on a table 在桌上掷(骰子)b  obtain (a specified number) by throwing dice 掷出(骰子点数) 10  cause to pass or extend suddenly to another state or position 投入；投身于；架设  threw in the army  投身于军队 threw a bridge across the river  在河上架起一座桥梁 11  move (a switch or lever) so as to operate it 扳动(开关)；推动(手柄或操纵杆等) 12  a  form (ceramic ware) on a potter's wheel (在陶工的拉坯轮上)把…拉成坯b  turn (wood etc.) on a lathe (在车床上)车(木料等) 13  have (a fit or tantrum etc.) 大发(脾气) 14  give (a party) 举行(聚会) 15 colloq.  lose (a contest or race etc.) intentionally [口]故意输掉(比赛等) 16 Cricket  bowl (a ball) with an illegitimate sudden straightening of the elbow 【板球】突然直臂投(球) 17 (of a snake) cast (its skin) (蛇)蜕(皮)，脱(皮) 18 (of an animal) give birth to (young) (动物)下(仔) 19  twist (silk etc.) into thread or yarn 捻(丝)成线 20 (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  put into another form or language etc. 把…翻译成 ●n.  1  an act of throwing 投掷 2  the distance a thing is or may be thrown 投掷距离(或高度)  a record throw with the hammer  一次破记录的链球投掷 3  the act of being thrown in wrestling (摔跤中的)摔倒 4 Geol. & Mining 【地质】【采矿学】  a  a fault in strata 断层落差b  the amount of vertical displacement caused by this 断层落差引起的位移 5  a machine or device giving rapid rotary motion 速转装置 6  a  the movement of a crank or cam etc. (曲柄或凸轮等的)摆动b  the extent of this (曲柄或凸轮等的)摆度 7  the distance moved by the pointer of an instrument etc. (仪表等指针的)摆度 8 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  a light cover for furniture (用于家具上的)薄盖巾，罩子b (in full 全称 throw rug)  a light rug 小地毯 9 (prec. by 前接 a) colloq.  each; per item [口]每，每一个  sold at £ 10 a throw  每个卖 10 英镑 □ throw about (or around)   1  throw in various directions 四处乱丢，乱扔 2  spend (one's money) ostentatiously 挥霍，乱花钱□ throw away   1  discard as useless or unwanted (把没用的或不想要的)扔掉；抛弃，丢弃 2  waste or fail to make use of (an opportunity etc.) 丧失或错过(机会等) 3  discard (a playing card) 垫掉(一张牌) 4 Theatr.  speak (lines) with deliberate underemphasis 【戏】轻轻念过(台词) 5 (in passive 用于被动语态 ; often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be wasted 浪费；白费  the advice was thrown away on him  那个忠告对他而言是白费的□ throw away the baby with the bathwater   see 见 BABY □ throw back   1  revert to ancestral character 返祖，使返祖 2 (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 on)  compel to rely on 被迫依靠  was thrown back on his savings  被迫依赖他的积蓄□ throw cold water on   see 见 COLD □ throw down   cause to fall 使卧倒□ throw down the gauntlet (or glove)   issue a challenge 提出挑战□ throw dust in a person's eyes   mislead a person by misrepresentation or distraction 用假象迷惑人□ throw good money after bad   incur further loss in a hopeless attempt to recoup a previous loss 想捞回损失而损失更大□ throw one's hand in   1  abandon one's chances in a card game, esp. poker (尤指扑克牌游戏中)弃牌认输 2  give up; withdraw from a contest 放弃比赛□ throw in   1  interpose (a word or remark) 插话，插嘴 2  include at no extra cost 外加，额外奉送 3  throw (a football) from the edge of the pitch where it has gone out of play (足球)发边线球 4 Cricket  etc. return (the ball) from the outfield 【板球】掷界外球 5 Cards  give (a player) the lead, to the player's disadvantage 【牌戏】使弃牌□ throw in one's lot with   see 见 LOT □ throw in (or up) the sponge   1 (of a boxer or his attendant) throw the sponge used between rounds into the air as a token of defeat 败下阵来(原出于拳击手或其护理人失败时向空中抛掷海绵) 2  abandon a contest; admit defeat 放弃比赛；承认失败□ throw in the towel   admit defeat 承认失败，认输□ throw light on   see 见 LIGHT1 □ throw off   1  discard; contrive to get rid of 抛弃；摆脱掉；消除 2  write or utter in an offhand manner 一气写成；即席讲话 3 (of hounds or a hunt) begin hunting; make a start (猎狗)开始出猎；出击□ throw oneself at   seek blatantly as a spouse or sexual partner (对配偶或性伙伴)露骨地表示亲热；勾引；献媚□ throw oneself into   engage vigorously in 热衷于，积极从事□ throw oneself on (or upon)   1  rely completely on 一下倒在；完全依赖 2  attack 进攻，猛攻□ throw open  (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  1  cause to be suddenly or widely open 猛力使…大开 2  make accessible 对…开放 3  invite general discussion of or participation in 邀请讨论或参与□ throw out   1  put out forcibly or suddenly (猛力地)抛出 2  discard as unwanted 抛弃，扔掉 3  expel (a troublemaker etc.) 撵走，逐出(制造麻烦的人) 4 Brit.  build (a wing of a house, a pier, or a projecting or prominent thing) [英]增建(房屋、桥墩等)；使突出，使显示 5 (of a plant) rapidly develop (a side shoot etc.) (植物)快速长出(嫩尖等)，萌(芽) 6  put forward tentatively 提出 7  reject (a proposal or bill in Parliament) 否决(议会的提议或议案) 8  confuse or distract (a person speaking, thinking, or acting) from the matter in hand 打乱(某人的说话、行动或思路)；使迷惑；使心神不定 9 Cricket & Baseball  put out (an opponent) by throwing the ball to the wicket or base 【板球】【棒球】(通过传球击中三柱门或将球传向垒上)把(对手)杀出局□ throw over   desert or abandon 遗弃，抛弃□ throw stones   cast aspersions 诽谤，中伤□ throw together   1  assemble hastily 匆匆拼凑成 2  bring into casual contact 使偶然相聚在一起□ throw up   1  abandon 放弃，抛弃 2  resign from 辞职，辞去 3 colloq.  vomit [口]呕吐 4  erect hastily 匆匆建造 5  bring to notice 使注意；使显眼 6  lift (a sash window) quickly 猛地举起(框窗)□ throw one's weight about (or around)  colloq.  act in a domineering or over-assertive manner [口]盛气凌人；趾高气扬□ throwable  adj.  □ thrower  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English thrɑˉwan ‘twist, turn’, from West Germanic]

throwaway /ˈθrəʊəwei/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  meant to be thrown away after (one) use 使用后抛弃的；一次性使用的 2 (of lines etc.) deliberately underemphasized (台词等)轻轻带过的，脱口而出的 3  disposed to throwing things away; wasteful 用后即扔的；使用东西浪费的  throwaway society  一次性用品充斥的社会 ●n.  a thing to be thrown away after (one) use 一次性用品

throwback /ˈθrəʊbæk/ n.  1  reversion to ancestral character 返祖 2  an instance of this 返祖者；返祖型

throw-in n.  the throwing in of a ball during a match, from the sideline to restart play, from a fielding position in the outfield, etc. (球赛中的)掷界外球，掷边线球

throw-off n.  the start in a hunt or race 开始出猎；开始赛跑

throw-over attrib. adj.  that can be thrown over (esp. a bed, sofa) as a decorative cover (尤指装饰床或沙发)可作罩子用的

throw rug  see 见 THROW n. 8b 

throwster /ˈθrəʊstə/ n.  a person who throws silk 捻丝工

thru US var.  of THROUGH [美] THROUGH 的变体

thrum1 /θrʌm/ v. & n. ●v. (thrummed, thrumming)  1 tr.  play (a stringed instrument) monotonously or unskilfully 乱弹，用单调的声音(或不熟练的指法)弹奏(弦乐器) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  drum idly 随意地连续轻扣 ●n.  1  such playing 随意弹奏；随意轻敲 2  the resulting sound 随意弹奏声；随意轻敲声 [imitative]

thrum2 /θrʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in weaving) the unwoven end of a warp thread, or the whole of such ends, left when the finished web is cut away (纺织中留下的)织边纱头，线头 2  any short loose thread 粗乱线头，碎屑 ●v. tr. (thrummed, thrumming)  make of or cover with thrums 使有粗毛；使夹杂有绒线 □ thrummer  n.  □ thrummy  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

thrush1 /θrʌʃ/ n.  any small or medium-sized songbird of the family Turdidae, esp. a song thrush or mistle thrush (see 见 MISTLE THRUSH, SONG THRUSH) 鸫(体型较小或中等的鸣禽类鸟，尤指歌鸫或檞鸫) [Old English thrysce, from Germanic: related to THROSTLE]

thrush2 /θrʌʃ/ n.  1  a  infection by the yeastlike fungus Candida albicans, causing white patches in the mouth and throat 鹅口疮，真菌性口腔发炎b  similar infection of the vagina 阴道炎 2  inflammation affecting the frog of a horse's foot (马的)蹄叉发炎 [17th c.: origin unknown]

thrust /θrʌst/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. thrust)  1 tr.  push with a sudden impulse or with force (猛然用力)推，插，挤  thrust the letter into my pocket  把信猛然插进我的口袋 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  impose (a thing) forcibly; enforce acceptance of (a thing) 强行(某事)；强行接受(某事)  had it thrust on me  强行要我接受此事 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, through)  pierce or stab; make a sudden lunge 刺，戳；猛扑 4 tr.  make (one's way) forcibly 强行通过(道路) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, past, etc.)  force oneself 猛挤，猛撞  thrust past me abruptly  突然从我身边挤过去 6 intr. (as 作 thrusting adj.)  aggressive, ambitious 积极进取的，雄心勃勃的 ●n.  1  a sudden or forcible push or lunge 猛推，插，刺 2  the propulsive force developed by a jet or rocket engine (喷气式发动机或火箭发出的)推力，驱动力 3  a strong attempt to penetrate an enemy's line or territory (渗透到敌军后方的)突入，突击 4  a remark aimed at a person (针对某人的)语言攻击，讥讽 5  the stress between the parts of an arch etc. (拱等的)压力 6 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  the chief theme or gist of remarks etc. (话语的)要点，要旨 7  an attack with the point of a weapon 刺，插，戳 8 (in full 全称 thrust fault) Geol.  a reverse fault of low angle, with older strata displaced horizontally over newer 【地质】逆断层，冲断层 □ thrust oneself (or one's nose) in   obtrude, interfere 强行介入，干预 [Middle English thruste etc. from Old Norse thrýsta]

thrust bearing n.  a bearing designed to take a load in the direction of the axis of a shaft, esp. one transmitting the thrust of a propeller shaft to the hull of a ship 推力轴承(与轴同向承受负荷的轴承，尤指把推进器的推力传送到船体的轴承)

thrust block n.  a casting or frame carrying or containing the bearings on which the collars of a propeller shaft press (带有轴承的)推力台，推力座

thruster /ˈθrʌstə/ n.  1  a person or thing that thrusts 推进者；推进器，推力器 2  a small rocket engine used to provide extra or correcting thrust on a spacecraft (航天飞机上推进火箭的)助推器

thrust stage n.  a stage extending into the audience (三面对着观众的)伸出型舞台

thruway US var.  of THROUGHWAY [美] THROUGHWAY 的变体

thud /θʌd/ n. & v. ●n.  a low dull sound as of a blow on a non-resonant surface 砰的一声，嘭的一声(击在不回音物体表面上的低沉声) ●v. intr. (thudded, thudding)  make or fall with a thud 砰地落下；发出嘭的一声，发出沉闷的响声 □ thuddingly  adv.   [probably from Old English thyddan ‘thrust’]

thug /θʌɡ/ n.  1  a vicious or brutal ruffian 恶棍，暴徒 2 (作 Thug) hist.  a member of a religious organization of robbers and assassins in India [史义] (旧时印度带有宗教性质的)强盗及杀人团伙成员 □ thuggery  n.  □ thuggish  adj.  □ thuggishly  adv.  □ thuggishness  n.   [Hindi & Marathi thag ‘swindler’]

thuggee /θʌˈɡi:/ n. hist.  murder practised by the Thugs [史义]强盗的杀人越货行为 □ thuggism  n.   [Hindi thagī (as THUG)]

thuja /ˈθ(j)u:jə/ n. (also 亦作 thuya)  any evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Thuja, with small leaves closely pressed to the branches; arbor vitae 金钟柏(常绿针叶树，其树叶紧贴树枝而生) [modern Latin from Greek thuia, an African tree]

thulium /ˈθ(j)u:liəm/ n. Chem.  a soft metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in apatite (symbol 符 Tm) 【化】(化学元素)铥(镧系中的一种软金属元素，自然生成于磷灰石中) [modern Latin from Latin Thule, the name of a region in the remote north]

thumb /θʌm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a short thick terminal projection on the human hand, set lower and apart from the other four and opposable to them (人手的)拇指b  a digit of other animals corresponding to this 动物的第一指(与人手拇指相对应) 2  the part of a glove etc. intended to cover the thumb (手套等的)拇指部分 ●v.  1 tr.  wear or soil (pages etc.) with a thumb 用拇指翻旧或翻脏(书页等)  a well-thumbed book  一本翻得很旧的书 2 intr.  turn over pages with or as with a thumb 用拇指翻页；迅速翻阅  thumbed through the directory  用拇指迅速翻阅通讯录 3 tr.  request or obtain (a lift in a passing vehicle) by signalling with a raised thumb 竖起拇指向过路汽车要求(搭乘便车) 4 tr.  use the thumb in a gesture 用拇指示意 □ be all thumbs   be clumsy with one's hands 手指不灵巧；笨手笨脚□ thumb one's nose   = cock a snook (see 见 SNOOK1) □ thumbs down   an indication of rejection or failure 否定，否决；放弃□ thumbs up   an indication of satisfaction or approval 满意；同意，赞同□ under a person's thumb   completely dominated by a person 完全受制于某人□ thumbed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ thumbless  adj.   [Old English thūma, from a West Germanic root meaning ‘to swell’]

thumb index n. & v. ●n.  a set of lettered grooves cut down the side of a diary, dictionary, etc. for easy reference (日记、词典等为方便查阅而设置的)拇指页标，书边挖月索引 ●v. tr. (thumb-index) (esp. as 尤作 thumb-indexed adj.)  provide (a book etc.) with these (给书等)配有拇指页标的

thumbnail /ˈθʌmneil/ n.  1  the nail of a thumb 拇指指甲 2 (作 attrib.)  denoting conciseness 简要的；微型的  a thumbnail sketch  简要记述

thumb nut n.  a nut shaped for turning with the thumb and forefinger 蝶形螺母，翼形螺母

thumbprint /ˈθʌmprint/ n.  an impression of a thumb, esp. as used for identification (尤指用作辨认的)拇指指纹手印

thumbscrew /ˈθʌmskru:/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an instrument of torture for crushing the thumbs 拇指夹(旧时的一种刑具) 2  a screw with a protruding winged or flattened head for turning with the thumb and forefinger 指旋螺钉(用拇指和食指旋转，钉头呈翼形或扁平状的螺钉)

thumbtack /ˈθʌmtæk/ n. N. Amer.  a drawing pin [北美]图钉

thump /θʌmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  beat or strike heavily, esp. with the fist (尤指用拳头)重击，狠揍  threatened to thump me  威胁着要揍我 2 intr.  throb or pulsate strongly 怦怦跳动  my heart was thumping  我的心在怦怦直跳 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, on, etc.)  deliver blows, esp. to attract attention (尤指为引起注意而)捶击，撞击  thumped on the door  捶打着门 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  play (a tune on a piano etc.) with a heavy touch 猛力弹奏(钢琴等) 5 intr.  tread heavily 重步走，噔噔地走 ●n.  1  a heavy blow 重击，捶击，撞击 2  the sound of this 重击(捶击，撞击)声 □ thumper  n.   [imitative]

thumping /ˈθʌmpiŋ/ adj. colloq.  big, prominent [口]极大的，巨大的  a thumping majority  绝大多数 a thumping lie  弥天大谎

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loud rumbling or crashing noise heard after a lightning flash and due to the expansion of rapidly heated air (闪电以后听到的)雷，雷电 2  a resounding loud deep noise 雷鸣般响声  thunders of applause  雷鸣般的掌声 3  strong censure or denunciation 恼怒；谴责；声讨 ●v.  1 intr. (prec. by 前接 it as subject)  thunder sounds 打雷  it is thundering  正在打雷 if it thunders  如果打雷的话 2 intr.  make or proceed with a noise suggestive of thunder 发出雷鸣般的响声；轰隆隆地响  the applause thundered in my ears  雷鸣般的掌声响彻耳畔 the traffic thundered past  车辆轰隆隆地开过 3 tr.  utter or communicate (approval, disapproval, etc.) loudly or impressively 吼出，大声喊出(赞同或不赞同等) 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against etc.)  a  make violent threats etc. against 厉声发出(威胁等)b  criticize violently 怒喝，大声斥责 □ steal a person's thunder   see 见 STEAL □ thunderer  n.  □ thunderless  adj.  □ thundery  adj.   [Old English thunor, from Germanic]

thunderbird /ˈθʌndəbɜ:d/ n.  a mythical bird thought by some N. American Indians to bring thunder 雷鸟(北美印第安人认为会带来雷电的神鸟)

thunderbolt /ˈθʌndəbəʊlt/ n.  1  a  a flash of lightning with a simultaneous crash of thunder 雷电，霹雳b  a stone etc. imagined to be a destructive bolt 雷石(被认为具有摧毁力量的石头) 2  a sudden or unexpected occurrence or item of news 晴天霹雳，突发意外事件；突然的消息 3  a supposed bolt or shaft as a destructive agent, esp. as an attribute of a god (被认为具有摧毁性的)闪电，霹雳(尤指神的一种象征)

thunderbox /ˈθʌndəbɒks/ n. Brit. colloq.  a primitive lavatory [英口]简易马桶

thunderclap /ˈθʌndəklæp/ n.  1  a crash of thunder 雷声，雷鸣，霹雳 2  something startling or unexpected 晴天霹雳，突发意外事件

thundercloud /ˈθʌndəklaʊd/ n.  a cumulus cloud with a tall diffuse top, charged with electricity and producing thunder and lightning 雷雨云(带电的高散热积云，会产生闪电雷鸣)

thunderflash /ˈθʌndəflæʃ/ n.  a noisy but harmless explosive used esp. in military exercises (尤指军事演习中声音大但无危害的)闪光爆炸

thunderfly /ˈθʌndəflai/ n.  = THRIPS 

thunderhead /ˈθʌndəhed/ n. esp. US  a rounded cumulus cloud projecting upwards and heralding thunder [尤美]雷雨云砧

thundering /ˈθʌnd(ə)riŋ/ adj. colloq.  very big or great [口]极大的；非常的  a thundering nuisance  令人极为讨厌的东西 □ thunderingly  adv.  

thunderous /ˈθʌnd(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  like thunder 打雷般的 2  very loud 雷鸣似的；声音极大的 □ thunderously  adv.  □ thunderousness  n.  

thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔ:m/ n.  a storm with thunder and lightning and usu. heavy rain or hail (常伴有闪电雷鸣的)雷暴，雷雨

thunderstruck /ˈθʌndəstrʌk/ adj.  amazed; overwhelmingly surprised or startled 吓坏了的；大吃一惊的

thunk1 /θʌŋk/ n. & v. intr. colloq. [口]  = THUD 

thunk2 /θʌŋk/ colloq., esp. joc. [口] [尤诙] past and past part.  of THINK 

Thur. abbr. [缩略]  Thursday 

thurible /ˈθjʊərib(ə)l/ n.  a censer 香炉 [Middle English from Old French thurible or Latin t(h)uribulum, from thus thur- ‘incense’ (as THURIFER)]

thurifer /ˈθjʊərifə/ n.  an acolyte carrying a censer (宗教仪式中)捧香炉的侍者 [Late Latin from thus thuris ‘incense’ (from Greek thuos ‘sacrifice’) + -fer ‘-bearing’]

Thurs. abbr. [缩略]  Thursday 

Thursday /ˈθɜ:zdei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the fifth day of the week, following Wednesday 星期四(一周的第 5 天) ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Thursday 在星期四 2 (作 Thursdays)  on Thursdays; each Thursday 在每个星期四 [Old English thunresdœg, thur(e)sdœg, ‘day of thunder’, representing Late Latin Jovis dies ‘day of Jupiter’, Jupiter being associated with thunder]

thus /ðʌs/ adv. formal [正式]  1  a  in this way 这样，以此方式b  as indicated 如此 2  a  accordingly 因此b  as a result or inference 从而 3  to this extent; so 到如此程度；如此  thus far  如此远 thus much  如此多 [Old English, of unknown origin]

thuya var.  of THUJA  THUJA 的变体

thwack /θwæk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  hit with a heavy blow; whack 重击，使劲打 ●n.  a heavy blow 重击，重创 [imitative]

thwaite /θweit/ n. Brit. dial.  a piece of wild land made arable [英方]新开地，开垦地 [Old Norse thveit(i) ‘paddock’, related to Old English thwītan ‘to cut’]■Usage 用法说明 Thwaite is now usually found only in place names, e.g. Bassenthwaite, or as a surname. thwaite 现在通常仅出现于某些地名，如 Bassenthwaite ，或用作姓。 

thwart /θwɔ:t/ v., n., prep. & adv. ●v. tr.  frustrate or foil (a person or purpose etc.) 使(某人或某目的等)受挫；阻挠 ●n.  a rower's seat placed across a boat (船的)横坐板，划手座 ●prep. & adv. archaic  across, athwart [古义]横跨，横过；横跨着，斜横地 [Middle English thwert (adv.) from Old Norse thvert, neut. of thverr ‘transverse’ = Old English thwe(o)rh, from Germanic]

thy /ðai/ poss. pron. (作 attrib.) (also 亦作 thine /ðain/ before a vowel 置于元音前)  of or belonging to thee 你的 [Middle English thī, reduced from thīn THINE]■Usage 用法说明 Thy has now been replaced by your except in some formal, liturgical, dialectal, and poetic uses. 除了在某些正式、礼拜仪式、方言或诗歌用法中， thy 现已被 your 替代。 

thylacine /ˈθailəsi:n, -sain, -sin/ n.  a doglike grey-brown carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania, Thylacinus cynocephalus, with stripes across the rump, now very rare or extinct Also called 亦称作 Tasmanian tiger or wolf 袋狼(塔斯马尼亚的一种类似狗的棕灰色食肉有袋动物，臀部有条纹，现已稀少或基本灭绝) [modern Latin from Greek thulakos ‘pouch’]

thyme /taim/ n.  any herb or shrub of the genus Thymus with aromatic leaves, esp. T. vulgaris grown for culinary use 百里香(唇形科百里香属植物，药用或调味用) □ thymy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French thym, from Latin thymum via Greek thumon from thuō ‘burn a sacrifice’]

thymi pl.  of THYMUS  

thymine /ˈθaimi:n/ n. Biochem.  a pyrimidine found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA 【生化】胸腺嘧啶(所有生命组织内的一种 DNA 的基本构成单位) [thymic (as THYMUS) + -INE4]

thymol /ˈθaimɒl/ n. Chem.  a white crystalline phenol obtained from oil of thyme and used as an antiseptic 【化】百里酚，麝香草酚(从百里香的油中获取的白色晶体酚，可用作抗菌剂) [as THYME + -OL1]

thymus /ˈθaiməs/ n. (pl. thymi /-mai/) (in full 全称 thymus gland) Anat.  a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates (in humans becoming much smaller at the approach of puberty) producing T-lymphocytes for the immune response 【解】胸腺(位于脊椎动物颈项处的淋巴器官，在人快到青春期时会变得很小) [modern Latin from Greek thumos]

thyristor /θaiˈristə/ n. Electronics  a four-layered semiconductor rectifier in which the flow of current between two electrodes is triggered by a signal at a third electrode 【电子学】半导体闸流管 (4 层半导体整流器，两电极之间的电流由第 3 个电极上的信号触发) [Greek thura ‘gate’ + TRANSISTOR]

thyro- /ˈθairəʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 thyreo- /-riəʊ/)  thyroid [构词成分]甲状腺(的)

thyroid /ˈθairɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 thyroid gland)  a large ductless gland in the neck of vertebrates secreting hormones which regulate growth and development through the rate of metabolism 甲状腺(脊椎动物脖子里一根很大的无管腺体，分泌出的激素通过新陈代谢作用调控生长和发育) 2  an extract prepared from the thyroid gland of animals and used in treating goitre and cretinism etc. (从动物甲状腺中提取的)精，汁(可用来治疗甲状腺肿病和呆小病等) ●adj. Anat. & Zool. 【解】【动】  1  connected with the thyroid cartilage 甲状腺的；甲状软骨的  thyroid artery  甲状腺动脉 2  shield-shaped 甲状的 [obsolete French thyroide or modern Latin thyroides, formed irregularly from Greek thureoeidēs, from thureos ‘oblong shield’]

thyroid cartilage n.  a large cartilage of the larynx, the projection of which in man forms the Adam's apple 甲状软骨(男人的喉结)

thyroxine /θaiˈrɒksi:n, -sin/ n.  the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development 甲状腺素(由甲状腺产生的主要荷尔蒙激素，其作用为提高新陈代谢速率，从而调节生长和发育) [THYROID + OX- + -INE4]

thyrsus /ˈθɜ:səs/ n. (pl. thyrsi /-sai, -si:/)  1 Gk & Rom. Antiq.  a staff tipped with an ornament like a pine cone, an attribute of Bacchus [古希腊和古罗马]酒神杖(酒神巴克斯所执的顶端饰有松果的手杖) 2 Bot.  an inflorescence as in lilac, with the primary axis racemose and the secondary axis cymose 【植】聚伞圆锥花序 [Latin from Greek thursos]

thyself /ðaiˈself/ pron. archaic & dial. emphat. & refl.  form of THOU1, THEE [古义] [方]你亲自，你本人；你自己 (THOU1 和 THEE 的强调和反身形式)

thé dansant /tei dɒ˜ˈsɒ˜, 法 te dɑ˜sɑ˜/ n. (pl. thés dansants pronunc. same 单复发音同)  = TEA DANCE  [French]

Ti symb. Chem.  the element titanium [符]【化】(化学元素)钛

ti1 /ti:/ n.  = CABBAGE TREE 1 Cf. 参见 TI-TREE  [Tahitian, Maori, etc.]

ti2 var.  of TE  TE 的变体

TIA abbr. Med.  transient ischaemic attack [缩略]【医】一过性缺血性发作

tiara /tiˈɑ:rə/ n.  1  a jewelled ornamental band worn on the front of a woman's hair (饰有钻石、戴在妇女头发上的)冕状头饰 2  a three-crowned diadem worn by a pope (教皇戴的)三重冕 3 hist.  a turban worn by ancient Persian kings [史义] (古代波斯国王戴的)头巾 [Latin from Greek, of unknown origin]

Tibetan /tiˈbet(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a native of Tibet in SW China (中国西南的)西藏人b  a person of Tibetan descent 藏族人 2  the language of Tibet 藏语，藏文 ●adj.  of or relating to Tibet, its people, or its language 西藏的；藏族人的；藏语的

tibia /ˈtibiə/ n. (pl. tibiae /-bii:/)  1 Anat.  the inner and usu. larger of two bones extending from the knee to the ankle 【解】胫骨(膝盖到脚踝之间那两根骨头的位于内侧较大的那一根) 2 Zool.  the tibiotarsus of a bird 【动】(鸟的)胫跗骨 3 Zool.  the fourth segment of the leg in insects 【动】胫节(昆虫腿部的第 4 节) □ tibial  adj.   [Latin, = shin bone]

tibiotarsus /ˌtibiəʊˈtɑ:səs/ n. (pl. tibiotarsi /-sai, -si:/)  the bone in a bird corresponding to the tibia fused at the lower end with some bones of the tarsus (鸟的)胫跗骨 [TIBIA + TARSUS]

tic /tik/ n.  a habitual spasmodic contraction of the muscles esp. of the face (尤指脸部肌肉的)抽搐 [French from Italian ticchio]

tic douloureux /du:ləˈru:, -ˈrɜ:/ n.  trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛 [TIC + French douloureux ‘painful’]

tice /tais/ n.  1 Cricket 【板球】  = YORKER  2 Croquet  a stroke tempting an opponent to aim at one's ball 【槌球】(诱惑对手瞄准槌球的)诱击法 [tice (now dialect) from Old French atisier, = ENTICE]

tick1 /tik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight recurring click, esp. that of a watch or clock (尤指钟表的)滴答声 2 esp. Brit. colloq.  a moment; an instant [尤英口]滴答的一瞬间；一会儿 3  a mark (√) to denote correctness, check items in a list, etc. (核对清单等时画的)记号 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a clock etc.) make ticks (钟表等)发出滴答声b (foll. by 后跟 away) (of time etc.) pass (时间等)过去 2 intr. (of a mechanism) work, function (机械)工作，运行，起作用  take it apart to see how it ticks  把它拆开看看是怎么运行的 3 tr.  a  mark (a written answer etc.) with a tick 给…标记号b (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  mark (an item in a list etc.) with a tick in checking 核对(清单项目) □ in two ticks  Brit. colloq.  in a very short time [英口]一会儿□ tick off  colloq.  reprimand [口]责备；责骂□ tick over   1 (of an engine etc.) idle (发动机等)空转 2 (of a person, project, etc.) be working or functioning at a basic or minimum level (指人、工程项目等)无大进展，进展缓慢□ what makes a person tick  colloq.  a person's motivation [口]使人想做某事的动机□ tickless  adj.   [Middle English: cf. Dutch tik, Low German tikk ‘touch, tick’]

tick2 /tik/ n.  1  any of various arachnids of the order Acarina, parasitic on the skin of dogs and cattle etc. (寄生在狗和牛等动物身上的)虱子，跳蚤 2  any of various insects of the family Hippoboscidae, parasitic on sheep and birds etc. (寄生在羊和鸟等身上的)虱蝇 3 colloq.  an unpleasant or despicable person [口]讨厌的人；可鄙的人 [Old English ticia; Middle English teke, tyke: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German tēke, Old High German zēcho]

tick3 /tik/ n. colloq.  credit [口]信用；赊账，赊欠  buy goods on tick  赊购货物 [apparently an abbreviation of TICKET in the phrase on the ticket]

tick4 /tik/ n.  1  the cover of a mattress or pillow 垫套；枕套 2  = TICKING  [Middle English tikke, tēke from West Germanic, via Latin theca from Greek thēkē ‘case’]

tick-bird n.  = OX-PECKER 

ticker /ˈtikə/ n. colloq. [口]  1  the heart 心脏 2  a watch 手表 3 N. Amer.  a tape machine [北美]自动收录器；自动收报机

ticker tape n.  1  a paper strip from a tape machine (自动收录器的)纸带，纸条 2  this or similar material thrown from windows etc. to greet a celebrity (为欢迎名人而从窗口等处抛下的)纸带，纸条 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : a ticker-tape reception  抛投纸带迎宾仪式

ticket /ˈtikit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a written or printed piece of paper or card entitling the holder to enter a place, participate in an event, travel by public transport, use a public amenity, etc. (进入某个场所、参加某项活动、乘坐公共交通工具、使用公共设施等的)票，券；入场券；票证b  a receipt for an item left temporarily for safe keeping 单子，登记单，记录卡 2  an official notification of a traffic offence etc. (交通违规等开的)通知单；罚款单  parking ticket  停车罚款单 3 Brit.  a certificate of discharge from the army [英]军队退役证书 4  a certificate of qualification as a ship's master, pilot, etc. (船长或飞行员等的)资格证书 5  a label attached to a thing and giving its price or other details (贴在东西上标明价格等的)标签，签条 6 esp. US [尤美]  a  a list of candidates put forward by one group, esp. a political party (尤指政党在竞选时提出的)候选人名单b  the principles of a party (政党的)纲领 7 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  what is correct or needed [口]恰好的事情；所需的东西  it was just the ticket  恰好是所需要的东西 ●v. tr. (ticketed, ticketing)  attach a ticket to 贴标签于 □ have tickets on oneself  Austral. colloq.  be conceited [澳口]自高自大，自负□ ticketed  adj.  □ ticketless  adj.   [obsolete French étiquet via Old French estiquet(te), from estiquier, estechier ‘fix’, from Middle Dutch steken]

ticket collector n.  a person who is employed to collect tickets, esp. from rail passengers (尤指火车的)检票员，查票员

ticket-day n. Stock Exch. (in the UK) the day before settling day, when the names of actual purchasers are handed to stockbrokers 【股】(英国)交割准备日(即交割前一天将买户名单送达股票经纪人)

ticket-holder n.  a person who has purchased a ticket (for a match, concert, etc.) (购买球赛、音乐会等票的)持票人

ticket office n.  an office or kiosk where tickets are sold for transport, entertainment, etc. (交通、娱乐等票券的)售票处

ticket-of-leave man n. Brit. hist.  a prisoner or convict who had served part of his time and was granted certain concessions, esp. leave [英史义] (已服过部分刑期允许离开的)假释犯

ticket tout n.  a person who buys up tickets for an event to resell them at a profit 倒卖门票的黄牛，票贩子

tickety-boo /ˌtikitiˈbu:/ adj. Brit. colloq.  all right; in order [英口]良好有序的；对头的 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

tick fever n.  a bacterial or rickettsial fever transmitted by the bite of a tick (被蜱虱叮咬后传染的)蜱热，斑疹热

ticking /ˈtikiŋ/ n.  a stout usu. striped material used to cover mattresses etc. (常用来做垫套等的)条纹棉布 [TICK4 + -ING1]

tickle /ˈtik(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  apply light touches or strokes to (a person or part of a person's body) so as to excite the nerves and usu. produce laughter and spasmodic movement 轻触(某人或某人身体的某一部位)使发笑，胳肢；使痉挛b intr.  be subject to this sensation 有痒感，觉得痒  my foot tickles  我的脚痒c intr.  produce this sensation 使有痒感，使觉得痒  this woolly jumper tickles  这种毛衣使人发痒 2 tr.  excite agreeably; amuse or divert (a person, a sense of humour, vanity, etc.) 激起，唤起；使愉悦；使(人，幽默感、虚荣心等)得到满足  was highly tickled at the idea  对这个想法感到很满足 this will tickle your fancy  这会引起你的想像 3 tr.  catch (a trout etc.) by rubbing it so that it moves backwards into the hand 用手捉(鳟鱼等) ●n.  1  an act of tickling 轻触使痒；呵痒 2  a tickling sensation 痒，痒感 □ tickled pink (or to death)  colloq.  extremely amused or pleased [口]非常高兴，十分愉悦□ tickler  n.  □ tickly  adj.   [Middle English, probably frequentative of TICK1]

ticklish /ˈtikliʃ/ adj.  1  sensitive to tickling 怕痒的，易痒的 2 (of a matter or person to be dealt with) difficult; requiring careful handling (指人或事)难对付的，需小心处理的 □ ticklishly  adv.  □ ticklishness  n.  

tick-tack n. (also 亦作 tic-tac) Brit.  a kind of manual semaphore signalling used by racecourse bookmakers to exchange information [英] (赛马时赌注登记经纪人之间用手表示的)秘密信号 [TICK1]

tick-tack-toe n. N. Amer.  noughts and crosses [北美]画圈打叉游戏 [TICK1]

tick-tock n.  the ticking of a large clock etc. (大钟等的)滴答声 [TICK1]

tidal /ˈtaid(ə)l/ adj.  relating to, like, or affected by tides 潮汐的；似潮的；受潮汐影响的  tidal basin  通潮洼地 tidal river  有潮河 □ tidally  adv.  

tidal bore n.  a large wave or bore caused by constriction of the spring tide as it enters a long narrow shallow inlet (春潮进入狭长浅湾时所造成的)潮汐波；海啸

tidal flow n.  the regulated movement of traffic in opposite directions on the same stretch of road at different times of the day 车辆(潮)流(在一天不同时间内顺着同一路段对流的车辆)

tidal wave n.  1 Geog.  an exceptionally large ocean wave, esp. a tsunami 【地理】异常高潮位(尤指海啸) 2  a widespread manifestation (of feeling etc.) (感情等的)浪潮

tidbit N. Amer. var.  of TITBIT [北美] TITBIT 的变体

tiddledywink US var.  of TIDDLYWINK [美] TIDDLYWINK 的变体

tiddler /ˈtidlə/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a small fish, esp. a stickleback or minnow 小鱼(尤指刺鱼或米诺鱼) 2  an unusually small thing or person 异常小的人(或物)；小娃娃 [perhaps related to TIDDLY2 and tittlebat, a childish form of stickleback]

tiddly1 /ˈtidli/ adj. (tiddlier, tiddliest) esp. Brit. colloq.  slightly drunk [尤英口]微醉的 [19th c., earlier = a drink: origin unknown]

tiddly2 /ˈtidli/ adj. (tiddlier, tiddliest) Brit. colloq.  little [英口]微小的，微不足道的 [origin unknown]

tiddlywink /ˈtidliwiŋk/ n. (US [美] also 亦作 tiddledywink /ˈtid(ə)ldi-/)  1  a counter flicked with another into a cup etc. (挑动小圆片使之弹入杯子或类似容器的)挑圆片 2 (in pl. 用复数)  this game 挑圆片游戏 [19th c.: perhaps related to TIDDLY1]

tide /taid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the periodic rise and fall of the sea due to the attraction of the moon and sun (see 见 EBB n. 1, FLOOD n. 3) 潮，潮汐(因月亮和太阳的引力而使海水周期性地涨落)b  the water as affected by this 潮水 2  a time or season 时间；季节 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : Whitsuntide  圣灵降临周 3  a marked trend of opinion, fortune, or events (舆论、运气或事件的)趋势；潮流，浪潮 ●v. intr.  1  drift with or literary as with the tide 随潮水漂浮；[文学用语]如潮水般涌流 2 (of a ship) work in or out of harbour with the help of the tide (船只进港或离港时)顺潮行驶 □ tide over   enable or help (a person) to deal with an awkward situation, difficult period, etc. 使(某人)渡过困难时期，帮(某人)克服困境  the money will tide me over until Friday  这笔钱会帮我捱到星期五□ work double tides  Brit.  work twice the normal time, or extra hard [英]用加倍的时间工作，加倍努力地工作□ tideless  adj.   [Old English tīd from Germanic: related to TIME]

tideland /ˈtaidlænd/ n. N. Amer.  land that is submerged at high tide [北美]潮浸区，潮浸地(涨潮时淹没的土地)

tideline /ˈtaidlain/ n.  the edge defined by the tide on the shore (海岸边的)潮水线

tidemark /ˈtaidmɑ:k/ n.  1  a mark made by the tide at high water (涨潮时留下的)潮标，潮痕 2 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a mark left round a bath at the level of the water in it (洗澡时浴缸水位到达处留下的)垢痕b  a line on a person's body marking the extent to which it has been washed (洗澡时人体已洗到的部位的)垢痕

tide mill n.  a mill with a waterwheel driven by the tide 潮水动力磨

tide-rip n.  1  rough water caused esp. by opposing tides 潮激(尤指相反潮流交汇形成的汹涌的海面) 2  a patch of such water 潮激水域

tide table n.  a table indicating the times of high and low tides at a place (标示某处潮涨潮落时间的)潮汐表

tidewaiter /ˈtaidweitə/ n. hist.  a customs officer who boarded ships on their arrival to enforce the customs regulations [史义] (旧时登上进港船只执行任务的)海关港口稽查员

tidewater /ˈtaidwɔ:tə/ n.  1  water brought by or affected by tides 潮汐水面 2 (作 attrib.) US  affected by tides [美]受潮汐影响的  tidewater region  受潮汐影响的区域

tidewave /ˈtaidweiv/ n.  an undulation of water passing round the earth and causing high and low tides (环绕地球流动并造成潮涨潮落的)潮汐波

tideway /ˈtaidwei/ n.  1  a channel in which a tide runs, esp. the tidal part of a river 潮汐水道(尤指河流的感潮段) 2  the ebb or flow in a tidal channel (潮汐水道中的)强潮流

tidings /ˈtaidiŋz/ n. pl. esp. literary  news, information [尤文学用语]消息，音讯；情况 [Old English tīdung, probably via Old Norse títhindi ‘events’ from títhr ‘occurring’]

tidy /ˈtaidi/ adj., n. & v. ●adj. (tidier, tidiest)  1  neat, orderly; methodically arranged 整洁的；整齐的 2 (of a person) methodically inclined (指人)爱整洁的，爱整齐的 3 colloq.  considerable [口]相当多的，相当大的  it cost a tidy sum  这花了相当大的一笔钱 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a receptacle for holding small objects or waste scraps, esp. in a kitchen sink 盛放零星杂物的容器(尤指厨房洗涤槽的防堵过滤网罩) 2  an act or spell of tidying 整理，收拾 3 esp. US  a detachable ornamental cover for a chair back etc. [尤美] (椅子靠背等处的)罩单，套子 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 up)  put in good order; make (oneself, a room, etc.) tidy 整理，收拾；使(某人自己、房间等)整洁，整齐 □ tidily  adv.  □ tidiness  n.   [earlier = timely, seasonable: Middle English, from TIDE + -Y1]

tie /tai/ v. & n. ●v. (tying)  1 tr.  attach or fasten with string or cord etc. (用带、绳、线等)系，缚，拴，捆  tie the dog to the gate  把狗拴在门上 tie his hands together  把他的双手捆在一起 tied on a label  系在标签上 2 tr.  a  form (a string, ribbon, shoelace, necktie, etc.) into a knot or bow 给(带子、鞋带、领带等)打结b  form (a knot or bow) in this way 打结，系领结 3 tr.  restrict or limit (a person) as to conditions, occupation, place, etc. 约束；束缚；限制(某人)  is tied to his family  局限于家庭 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  achieve the same score or place as another competitor 打成平局，势均力敌  they tied at ten games each  他们打了 10 次比赛，每次都是势均力敌 tied with her for first place  与她并列第一 5 tr.  hold (rafters etc.) together by a crosspiece etc. (用横挡等使椽木)连结在一起 6 tr. Mus. 【音】  a  unite (written notes) by a tie 用连结线连接(音符)b  perform (two notes) as one unbroken note 把(两个音符)连成一个来演奏 ●n.  1  a cord or chain etc. used for fastening (捆扎等用的)带，线，绳 2  a strip of material worn round the collar and tied in a knot at the front with the ends hanging down (缠在脖子上并在前面打个结、让两端垂掉下来的)领带；饰结 3  a thing that unites or restricts persons; a bond or obligation 纽带；联系；关系  family ties  家庭纽带 ties of friendship  友情关系 children are a real tie  孩子们是真正的纽带 4  a draw, dead heat, or equality of score among competitors (比赛分数相同的)平局 5 Brit.  a match between any pair from a group of competing players or teams [英]淘汰赛 6 (also 亦作 tie-beam etc.)  a rod or beam holding parts of a structure together (把不同部分连接在一块的)系材，系梁 7 Mus.  a curved line above or below two notes of the same pitch indicating that they are to be played for the combined duration of their time values 【音】(相同音高中两个音符上方或下方用来标明它们必须连在一起进行演奏的)音符连接线 8 N. Amer.  a railway sleeper [北美] (火车铁轨的)枕木 9 US  a shoe tied with a lace [美]系带子的鞋 □ fit to be tied  colloq.  very angry [口]十分恼火□ tie in  (foll. by 后跟 with)  bring into or have a close association or agreement (与…)配合默契；(与…)相一致□ tie up   1  bind or fasten securely with cord etc. 系紧，扎紧，拴牢 2  invest or reserve (capital etc.) so that it is not immediately available for use 使(资金等)搁死，使不能挪用 3  moor (a boat) 使(船)系泊，使(船)靠码头 4  secure (an animal) 拴牢(动物)使安全 5  obstruct; prevent from acting freely 妨碍；阻碍 6  secure or complete (an undertaking etc.) 完成(任务等) 7 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  = tie in  8 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  fully occupy (a person) 缠住，使(人)无法分身□ tieless  adj.   [Old English tīgan, tēgan (v.), tēah, tēg (n.), from Germanic]

tie-back n.  a decorative strip of fabric or cord for holding a curtain back from the window (用以把窗帘挂向一边的)帘扣带

tie-beam n.  a horizontal beam connecting two rafters in a roof or roof-truss (连接屋顶两根椽木的)水平拉梁，系梁

tie-break n. (also 亦作 tie-breaker)  a means of deciding a winner from competitors who have tied 平分决胜法，平局决胜制

tie-clip n.  an ornamental clip for holding a tie in place 领带夹

tied /taid/ adj. Brit. [英]  1 (of a house) occupied subject to the tenant's working for its owner (房子)雇主出租给雇工居住的 2 (of a public house) that is owned by a brewery and is bound to supply the products produced or specified by that brewery (小酒店)专售特定品牌酒的

tie-dye n. & v. ●n.  a method of producing dyed patterns by tying string etc. to shield parts of the fabric from the dye (手工)扎染法(用线绳等物扎结使纤维织品的某些部位不沾上染料而制成各种染色图案的方法) ●v. tr.  dye by this process (手工)扎染

tie-in n.  1  a connection or association 关联；关系 2 (often 常作 attrib.) esp. N. Amer.  a form of sale or advertising that offers or requires more than a single purchase [尤北美]搭配销售；搭卖广告 3  the joint promotion of related commodities etc. (e.g. a book and a film) (相关商品等的)联合推销(如书籍和影带)

tie line n.  a transmission line connecting parts of a system, esp. a telephone line connecting two private branch exchanges (尤指连接两个专用交换分机的)电话直接连接线

tiepin /ˈtaipin/ n.  an ornamental pin for holding a tie in place 领带别针，领带扣针

tier /tiə/ n.  1  a row or rank or unit of a structure, as one of several placed one above another (阶梯式的)一排，一层，一组  tiers of seats  一排排的阶梯座位 2 Naut. 【海】  a  a circle of coiled cable (缆索的)一盘，一卷b  a place for a coiled cable (缆索的)位置 □ tiered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [earlier tire via French, from tirer ‘draw, elongate’, from Romanic]

tierce /tiəs/ n.  1 Eccl. 【教会】  = TERCE  2 Mus.  an interval of two octaves and a major third 【音】三度，三音 3  a sequence of three cards 3 张同花顺 4 Fencing 【击剑】  a  the third of eight parrying positions (8 种击剑防守姿势的)第三姿势b  the corresponding thrust 第三姿势出击 5 archaic [古义]  a  a former measure of wine equal to one-third of a pipe (see 见 PIPE n. 9) 蒂厄斯(旧时量酒单位，等于大酒桶的三分之一，即 42 加仑)b  a cask containing a certain quantity (varying with the goods) esp. of provisions 一酒桶的量(因货物不同而量有所不同)；中号桶 [Middle English via Old French t(i)erce from Latin tertia, fem. of tertius ‘third’]

tierced /tiəst/ adj. Heraldry  divided into three parts of different tinctures 【纹章学】(盾形纹章以不同色泽)分成 3 等分的

tiercel /ˈtiəs(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 tercel /ˈtɜ:s(ə)l/)  the male of the hawk, esp. (in falconry) a peregrine or goshawk (尤指用于鹰猎的)雄鹰，雄苍鹰 [Middle English from Old French tercel, ultimately a diminutive of Latin tertius ‘third’, perhaps from a belief that the third egg of a clutch produced a male bird, or that the male was one-third smaller than the female]

tiercet var.  of TERCET  TERCET 的变体

tie-up n.  a connection, an association 关系；联合，协作

tiff /tif/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a slight or petty quarrel (无关紧要的)争执；小吵，口角 2  a fit of peevishness 不高兴，怄气 [18th c.: origin unknown]

tiffany /ˈtif(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  thin gauze muslin 亚麻薄布，丝纱罗 [originally dress worn on Twelfth Night, from Old French tifanie via ecclesiastical Latin theophania from Greek theophaneia ‘Epiphany’]

tiffin /ˈtifin/ n. & v. Anglo-Ind. [印英] ●n.  a light meal, esp. lunch 少量饭菜，简单饭菜(尤指午饭) ●v. intr. (tiffined, tiffining)  take lunch etc. 吃午饭；吃少量饭菜 [apparently from tiffing ‘sipping’, of unknown origin]

tig /tiɡ/ n.  = TAG2 1  [variant of TICK1]

tiger /ˈtaiɡə/ n.  1  a large Asian flesh-eating feline, Panthera tigris, having a yellow-brown coat with black stripes 虎，老虎(亚洲的一种大型猫科食肉动物，皮呈棕黄色带黑色条纹) 2  a fierce, energetic, or formidable person 强悍的人；劲头十足的人 □ tigerish  adj.  □ tigerishly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French tigre and Latin tigris from Greek tigris]

tiger beetle n.  any carnivorous beetle of the family Cicindelidae, with spotted or striped wing-cases 虎甲(食肉昆虫，翅翼上有类似老虎的斑纹)

tiger-cat n.  1  any moderate-sized striped feline, e.g. the ocelot, serval, or margay (任何中等体型、有条纹的)猫科动物(如豹猫、薮猫、虎猫) 2 Austral.  any of various catlike flesh-eating marsupials of the genus Dasyurus [澳] (任何像猫一样的食肉的)有袋动物；袋鼬

tiger lily n.  a tall garden lily, Lilium tigrinum, with flowers of dull orange spotted with black or purple 卷丹(长得很高的园林百合，其花朵呈暗黄色并有黑色或紫色斑点)

tiger moth n.  any moth of the family Arctiidae, esp. Arctia caja, having richly spotted and streaked wings suggesting a tiger's skin 灯蛾，豹灯蛾(指翅膀上有虎皮斑点的蛾类昆虫)

tiger's-eye n. (also 亦作 tiger-eye)  1  a silky, often striped yellow-brown semi-precious variety of quartz 虎眼石，虎睛宝石(表面光洁的，常有棕黄色条纹的石英石) 2 US  a pottery glaze of similar appearance [美] (类似此种质地的)陶釉

tiger shark n.  a voracious striped or spotted shark, esp. Galeocerdo cuvieri of warm seas or Stegosoma tigrinum of the Indian Ocean (尤指生活于印度洋温暖水域的一种贪吃的、长有斑纹的)鼬鲨，居氏鼬鲨

tiger-wood n.  a striped or streaked wood used for cabinetmaking 核桃木(带有条纹，常用来做橱柜的木材)

tight /tait/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  closely held, drawn, fastened, fitting, etc. 紧的；紧贴的；紧身的  a tight hold  紧握 a tight skirt  一条紧身的裙子 2  closely and firmly put together 紧密的；紧紧连在一起的  a tight joint  紧密的结合 3 (of clothes etc.) too closely fitting (指衣服等)太紧的  my shoes are rather tight  我的鞋有些挤脚 4  impermeable, impervious, esp. (in comb.) to a specified thing 密不透风的；不漏的(尤用于复合词中)  watertight  不漏水的 5  tense; stretched so as to leave no slack 紧张的，拉紧的，绷紧的；不松懈的  a tight bowstring  绷紧的弓弦 6 colloq.  drunk [口]醉醺醺的 7 colloq. (of a person) mean, stingy [口] (指人)小气的，吝啬的 8  a (of money or materials) not easily obtainable (指钱或东西)紧缺的；手头拮据的b (of a money market) in which money is tight (金融市场)银根紧的 9  a (of precautions, a programme, etc.) stringent, demanding (预防措施、计划等)周密的；紧迫的b  presenting difficulties 困难的，麻烦的  a tight situation  很困难的处境 10  produced by or requiring great exertion or pressure 密集的；装得满满的  a tight squeeze  挤压得水泄不通 11 (of control etc.) strictly imposed 严厉的；严格控制的 ●adv.  tightly 紧紧地  hold tight!  抓紧了！ □ tight corner (or place or spot)   a difficult situation 困境□ tightly  adv.  □ tightness  n.   [probably an alteration of thight from Old Norse théttr ‘watertight, of close texture’]

tighten /ˈtait(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become tight or tighter (使)变紧；使绷紧；使更牢固 □ tighten one's belt   see 见 BELT 

tight end n. Amer. Football 【美式橄榄球】  an offensive end who lines up close to the tackle 强侧边锋

tight-fisted adj.  stingy 吝啬的，小气的

tight-fitting adj. (of a garment) fitting (often too) close to the body (指衣服)紧身的，太贴身的

tight-knit adj. (also 亦作 tightly-knit)  = CLOSE-KNIT 

tight-lipped adj.  with or as with the lips compressed to restrain emotion or speech (抑制感情或控制说话时)双唇紧闭的

tightrope /ˈtaitrəʊp/ n.  a rope stretched tightly high above the ground, on which acrobats perform (供杂技演员表演用的)绷紧的钢丝绳

tights /taits/ n. pl.  1  a thin close-fitting wool or nylon etc. garment covering the legs and the lower part of the torso, worn by women in place of stockings (cf. 参见 PANTYHOSE) (妇女穿的)紧身下装；裤袜，腿袜 2  a similar garment worn by a dancer, acrobat, etc. (舞蹈演员、杂技演员等穿的)紧身衣

tightwad /ˈtaitwɒd/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  a mean or miserly person [尤北美] [俚语]吝啬鬼，小气鬼

tigon /ˈtaiɡ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 tiglon /ˈtaiɡlɒn, ˈtiɡ-/)  the offspring of a tiger and a lioness (cf. 参见 LIGER) 虎狮(由雄虎与雌狮所生的杂交兽) [portmanteau word from TIGER + LION]

Tigrayan /tiˈɡreiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Tigrean) ●adj.  of or relating to Tigray, one of the northern provinces of Ethiopia 提格雷(埃塞俄比亚北部的一个省份)的 ●n.  a native or inhabitant of this province 提格雷人

tigress /ˈtaiɡris/ n.  1  a female tiger 雌虎，母老虎 2  a fierce or passionate woman (喻)凶悍的女人，母老虎

tike var.  of TYKE  TYKE 的变体

tiki /ˈtiki/ n. (pl. tikis) NZ  a large wooden or small ornamental greenstone image representing a human figure [新]提基神像(用木头或装饰性绿石雕刻的人形神像) [Maori]

tikka /ˈtikə, ˈti:kə/ n.  an Indian dish of kebabs marinated in a spice mixture (印度的一种蘸着调料吃的)烤肉串 often in comb. 常用于复合词 : chicken tikka  烤鸡肉串 [Punjabi tikkɑˉ]

tilapia /tiˈleipiə, -ˈlæp-/ n.  a freshwater cichlid fish of the African genus Tilapia or a related genus, widely introduced for food 罗非鱼(产于非洲的、普遍食用的淡水鱼) [modern Latin]

tilbury /ˈtilb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  a light open two-wheeled carriage [史义]轻便双轮马车 [named after its inventor]

tilde /ˈtildə/ n.  a mark (~), put over a letter, e.g. over a Spanish n when pronounced ny (as in señor) or a Portuguese a or o when nasalized (as in Sɑ˜o Paulo) 腭化符号 (~) (西班牙语字母 n 读作 ny 时上方所加的记号，如 señor ，或葡萄牙语二合元音中第一个字母鼻音化时上方所加的记号，如 Sɑ˜o Paulo) [Spanish, ultimately from Latin titulus TITLE]

tile /tail/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thin slab of concrete or baked clay etc. used in series for covering a roof or pavement etc. (用水泥或黏土烧制而成、用来盖房的)瓦，瓦片 2  a similar slab of glazed pottery, cork, linoleum, etc., for covering a floor, wall, etc. (铺地板或贴墙壁用的)瓷砖，花砖 3  a thin flat piece used in a game (esp. mah-jong) (尤指麻将等牌戏中用的)牌 ●v. tr.  cover with tiles 用瓦盖；铺瓷砖于 □ on the tiles  Brit. colloq.  having a spree [英口]纵情玩乐 [Old English tigule, -ele, from Latin tegula]

tiler /ˈtailə/ n.  1  a person who makes or lays tiles 砖瓦匠；铺瓦工 2  the doorkeeper of a Freemasons' lodge (共济会的)秘密会所看门人

tiling /ˈtailiŋ/ n.  1  the process of fixing tiles 盖瓦；贴砖 2  an area of tiles 瓦面；砖面；瓦屋顶

till1 /til/ prep. & conj. ●prep.  1  up to or as late as 直到；直到…才  wait till six o'clock  一直等到 6 点钟 did not return till night  直到晚上才回来 2  up to the time of 直到…为止  faithful till death  忠贞至死 waited till the end  一直等到结束 ●conj.  1  up to the time when 直到…时候  wait till I return  等到我回来 2  so long that 直至，在…以前  laughed till I cried  笑得眼泪都出来了 [Old English & Old Norse til ‘to’: related to TILL3]■Usage 用法说明 In all senses, till can be replaced by until which is more formal in style. 在所有释义中， till 都可由 until 替代，后者的用法更正式一些。 

till2 /til/ n.  a drawer for money in a shop or bank etc., esp. with a device recording the amount of each purchase (商店或银行等放钱的)抽屉，钱柜(尤指一种可记录每次购买所花钱数的装置) [Middle English: origin unknown]

till3 /til/ v. tr.  prepare and cultivate (land) for crops 耕(地)，犁(地) □ tillable  adj.  □ tiller  n.   [Old English tilian ‘strive for, cultivate’, from Germanic]

till4 /til/ n.  stiff clay containing boulders, sand, etc., deposited by melting glaciers and ice sheets (因冰川和冰块融化堆积而成的、并含有卵石、沙砾等的)冰碛；冰碛物 [17th c. (Scots): origin unknown]

tillage /ˈtilidʒ/ n.  1  the preparation of land for crop-bearing 耕作，耕种 2  tilled land 耕地

tiller1 /ˈtilə/ n.  a horizontal bar fitted to the head of a boat's rudder to turn it in steering (安装在船头用以控制航向的)舵柄 [Middle English via Anglo-French telier ‘weaver's beam’ and medieval Latin telarium from Latin tela ‘web’]

tiller2 /ˈtilə/ n. & v. ●n.  a shoot of a plant, esp. a cereal grass, springing from the bottom of the original stalk (尤指从谷苗里长出的)分蘖，幼芽 ●v. intr.  develop tillers 长出分蘖 [apparently representing Old English telgor, extended from telga ‘bough’]

tilley lamp /ˈtili/ n. propr.  a portable oil or paraffin lamp in which air pressure is used to supply the burner with fuel [商标]蒂利灯(利用气压来提供燃料的手提式油灯或石蜡灯) [from the name of the manufacturers]

tilt /tilt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  assume or cause to assume a sloping position; heel over (使)倾斜，(使)倾侧 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at)  strike, thrust, or run at, with a weapon, esp. hist. in jousting (尤指[史义]打斗中手持武器)冲刺，扑向(对手)；投向(对手)，冲向(对手) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  engage in a contest 参与比赛 4 tr.  forge or work (steel etc.) with a tilt-hammer 用锤锻打 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of tilting 倾斜，倾侧 2  a sloping position 倾斜面 3 hist. (of medieval knights etc.) the act of charging with a lance against an opponent or at a mark, done for exercise or as a sport [史义] (指中世纪骑士练武时或体育运动时)骑马持矛冲刺 4  an encounter between opponents; an attack esp. with argument or satire 与对手遭遇；(尤指带争论或讽刺的)抨击  have a tilt at  抨击(某人) 5  = TILT-HAMMER  □ full (or at full) tilt   1  at full speed 全速地 2  with full force 全力地□ tilter  n.   [Middle English tilte, perhaps from an Old English form related to tealt ‘unsteady’, from Germanic: ‘weapon’ senses of unknown origin]

tilth /tilθ/ n.  1  tillage, cultivation 耕作，耕种 2  the condition of tilled soil 耕地的情况  in good tilth  在良好的耕作中 [Old English tilth(e) (as TILL3)]

tilt-hammer n.  a heavy pivoted hammer used in forging (打铁用的)杵锤，轮锤

tilt-yard n. hist.  a place where tilts (see 见 TILT n. 3) took place [史义] (中世纪)持矛骑士比武场

Tim /tim/   蒂姆 [人名]

Tim. abbr.  Timothy (New Testament) [缩略] 《提摩太书》(《圣经·新约》)

timbal /ˈtimb(ə)l/ n. archaic  a kettledrum [古义]铜鼓，定音鼓 [French timbale, earlier tamballe, via Spanish atabal from Arabic at-tabl ‘the drum’]

timbale /tæmˈbɑ:l/ n.  a drum-shaped dish of minced meat or fish cooked in a pastry shell or in a mould (在模子里制做的)鼓形夹心烤肉饼 [French: see TIMBAL]

timber /ˈtimbə/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  wood prepared for building, carpentry, etc. [尤英] (建筑、木工等用的)木材，木料 2  a piece of wood or beam, esp. as the rib of a ship (尤指造船用的)肋材，肋骨 3  large standing trees suitable for timber; woods or forest (适合作木材用的)树木；林地，森林 4 (esp. as 尤作 int.)  a warning cry that a tree is about to fall 倒啦！躲开！ (伐木中树木快要倒下时的警告声) □ timbering  n.   [Old English, = a building, from Germanic]

timbered /ˈtimbəd/ adj.  1 (esp. of a building) made wholly or partly of timber (尤指建筑物)木制的，木结构的 2 (of country) wooded (指某一地区)长满树木的；森林覆盖着的

timber-frame adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (usu. 通常作 timber-framed) (usu. attrib. 通常作定语)  having a timber frame 木结构的 2 (作 attrib.) (of a house) built using usu. factory-prepared sections of timber framework (房屋)用预制木结构建造的 ●n.  such pre-prepared sections 预制木结构

timber-getter n. Austral.  a lumberjack [澳]伐木工；原木采运工

timber hitch n.  a knot used in attaching a rope to a log or spar 捆木索结

timberland /ˈtimbəlænd/ n. US  land covered with forest yielding timber [美]用材林地

timberline /ˈtimbəlain/ n. (on a mountain) the line or level above which no trees grow 林木线(指山上树木生长的上限)

timberman /ˈtimbəmæn, -mən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who works with timber 伐木工；原木采运工；木材商 2  a longhorn beetle with wood-boring larvae, esp. Acanthocinus aedilis which has extremely long antennae 灰天牛(长角甲虫，其幼虫喜蛀木头)

timber wolf n.  a type of large N. American grey wolf (北美的一种)大灰狼

timbre /ˈtæmbə/ n.  the distinctive character of a musical sound or voice apart from its pitch and intensity 音品，音色，音质 [French from Romanic, via medieval Greek timbanon from Greek tumpanon ‘drum’]

timbrel /ˈtimbr(ə)l/ n. archaic  a tambourine or similar instrument [古义]铃鼓，小手鼓 [diminutive of Middle English timbre, from Old French (as TIMBRE, -LE2)]

Timbuctoo /timbʌkˈtu:/ n.  any distant or remote place 遥远的地方 [Timbuktu, a town on the edge of the Sahara in W. Africa]

time /taim/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the indefinite continued progress of existence, events, etc., in past, present, and future regarded as a whole 时，时间(过去、现在和将来连绵不断的整体) 2  a  the progress of this as affecting persons or things (影响人或事物进程的)时间  stood the test of time  经受时间的考验b (作 Time) (in full 全称 Father Time)  the personification of time, esp. as an old man with a scythe and hourglass (拟人化的)时间老人 3  a more or less definite portion of time belonging to particular events or circumstances (某一段)时间；时期；时代  the time of the Plague  大瘟疫时期 prehistoric times  史前时代 the scientists of the time  那个时代的科学家们 4  an allotted, available, or measurable portion of time; the period of time at one's disposal (可以利用或可以得知的)时间，时段  am wasting my time  正在浪费我的时间 had no time to visit  没有时间去拜访 how much time do you need?  你需要多少时间？ 5  a point of time esp. in hours and minutes (尤指以小时或分钟计的)时刻，钟点  the time is 7.30  现在时间是 7 点 30 分 what time is it?  几点钟了？ 6 (prec. by 前接 a)  an indefinite period (不明确的)一段时间  waited for a time  等一会儿 7  time or an amount of time as reckoned by a conventional standard (按习惯标准计算出的)时间；规定的时间  the time allowed is one hour  所允许的时间是 1 个小时 ran the mile in record time  以创纪录的时间跑完 1 英里 eight o'clock New York time  纽约时间 8 点 8  a  an occasion 某一次  last time I saw you  上次我见到你的时候b  an event or occasion qualified in some way 特定活动所花的时间  had a good time  度过了一段美好的时光 9  a moment or definite portion of time destined or suitable for a purpose etc. (特定目的的)合适时候  now is the time to act  现在是行动的时候了 shall we fix a time?  我们要不要确定一个时间？ 10 (in pl. 用复数)  expressing multiplication 倍数  is four times as old  年龄要大 3 倍 five times six is thirty  5 乘以 6 等于 30 11  a lifetime 生命时间，终生时间  will last my time  会延续我的生命 12 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a  the conditions of life or of a period 生命期；时期；时代  hard times  艰难时期 times have changed  时代已经变了b (prec. by 前接 the)  the present age, or that being considered 现时；现代 13 colloq.  a prison sentence [口]服刑期  is doing time  正在服刑 14  an apprenticeship 学徒期  served his time  他还在学徒期 15  a period of gestation 妊娠期 16  the date or expected date of childbirth  is near her time  她快到预产期了 or of death  my time is drawing near  我的死期快到了 (预)产期；或死期 17  measured time spent in work 工作所花的时间  put them on short time  让他们短期内完成 18  a  any of several rhythmic patterns of music (音乐的)拍子，节拍，节奏  in waltz time  踏着华尔兹的节奏b  the duration of a note as indicated by a crotchet, minim, etc. (四分音符、二分音符等的)音长 19 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 call time 中)  a Brit.  the moment at which the opening hours of a public house end [英]酒店歇业时间b Baseball  the moment at which play stops temporarily within a game 【棒球】暂停时间 ●v. tr.  1  choose the time or occasion for 为…定时或安排时间  time your remarks carefully  认真地给你的讲话安排时间 2  do at a chosen or correct time 按规定的时间做；在恰当的时间做 3  arrange the time of arrival of 安排…到达的时间 4  ascertain the time taken by (a process or activity, or a person doing it) 确定(某活动或某人做某事)所花时间 5  regulate the duration or interval of; set times for 调整时间；定时间  trains are timed to arrive every hour  火车定为每个小时到达一趟 □ against time   with utmost speed, so as to finish by a specified time 争分夺秒，尽量赶时间  working against time  争分夺秒地工作□ ahead of time   earlier than expected 提前，领先□ ahead of one's time   having ideas too enlightened or advanced to be accepted by one's contemporaries 领先于时代(某人的思想过于先进或超前而无法让同时代人接受)□ all the time   1  during the whole of the time referred to (often despite some contrary expectation etc.) 一直，始终  we never noticed, but he was there all the time  我们没注意到，不过他一直就在那儿 2  constantly 不断地  nags all the time  唠叨不停，抱怨不断 3  at all times 所有时间，任何时候  leaves a light on all the time  一直都亮着灯□ at one time   1  in or during a known but unspecified past period 曾经有一段时期，一度 2  simultaneously 同时  ran three businesses at one time  同时开了 3 家公司□ at the same time   1  simultaneously; at a time that is the same for all 同时 2  nevertheless 然而，不过  at the same time, I do not want to offend you  不过，我并不想冒犯你□ at a time   separately in the specified groups or numbers 每次，一次  came three at a time  每次来 3 个□ at times   occasionally, intermittently 偶尔地，不时地□ before time  (usu. prec. by 通常前接 not)  before the due or expected time 提前□ before one's time   prematurely 过早，早熟  old before his time  他显老□ for the time being   for the present; until some other arrangement is made 眼下，暂时□ half the time  colloq.  as often as not [口]经常，多半□ have no time for   1  be unable or unwilling to spend time on 没有时间或不愿花时间做… 2  dislike 不喜欢□ have the time   1  be able to spend the time needed 能有时间 2  know from a watch etc. what time it is (从钟表等)得知时间□ have a time of it   undergo trouble or difficulty 经历麻烦或困难□ in no (or less than no) time   1  very soon 立刻，马上 2  very quickly 很快□ in one's own good time   at a time and a rate decided by oneself 在自己做好准备时，在自己认为方便时，不着急□ in (or US [美] on) one's own time   outside working hours 在非工作时间，在空闲时间□ in time   1  not late, punctual 及时，不迟到  was in time to catch the bus  及时赶上了车 2  eventually 最终，迟早  in time you may agree  最终你会同意的 3  in accordance with a given rhythm or tempo, esp. of music (尤指音乐)合拍，按照节拍□ in one's time   at or during some previous period of one's life 在(某人)以前某个时期  in his time he was a great hurdler  他年轻时曾是一个跨栏运动员□ keep good (or bad) time   1 (of a clock etc.) record time accurately (or inaccurately) (指钟表等)走时准(或不准) 2  be habitually punctual (or not punctual) 习惯准时(或不准时)□ keep time   move or sing etc. in time 按节拍(唱歌等)；保持相同节奏□ know the time of day   be well informed 了解情况，熟悉最近情况□ lose no time  (often foll. by 常后跟 in + verbal noun)  act immediately 不浪费时间，抓紧时间  lost no time in cashing the cheque  抓紧时间兑现支票□ not before time   not too soon; timely 不用太早地，及时地□ no time  colloq.  a very short interval [口]一会儿  it was no time before they came  他们不一会儿就到了□ out of time   unseasonable; unseasonably 不合时宜的(地)；不是时候的(地)□ pass the time of day  colloq.  exchange a greeting or casual remarks [口]与(某人)打招呼；与(某人)寒暄□ time after time   1  repeatedly; on many occasions 反复，一再 2  in many instances 屡次□ time and (or time and time) again   on many occasions 反复，多次□ time and a half   a rate of payment for work at one and a half times the normal rate 正常工作酬金一倍半的加班费□ the time of day   the hour by the clock 钟点，时刻□ the time of one's life   a period or occasion of exceptional enjoyment 一生中特别愉快的一段时间□ time was   there was a time 曾经有一个时候  time was when I could do that  曾经有一个时候我可以做那件事 [Old English tīma, from Germanic]

time-and-motion adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  concerned with measuring the efficiency of industrial and other operations 时间与动作的(指企业管理中测定工作效率的一种方法)

time bomb n.  a bomb designed to explode at a pre-set time 定时炸弹

time capsule n.  a box etc. containing objects typical of the present time, buried for discovery in the future 时代文物密藏器(指把能反映当今时代的某些物件密封埋藏起来，以供后世发掘了解之用)

time clock n.  1  a clock with a device for recording workers' hours of work (记录工作时间的)记时钟，考勤钟 2  a switch mechanism activated at pre-set times by a built-in clock 定时器(通过内置的时钟事先设定好时间的开关器械)

time-consuming adj.  using much or too much time 耗费时间的

time exposure n.  the exposure of photographic film for longer than the maximum normal shutter setting (照片的)定时曝光

time factor n.  the passage of time as a limitation on what can be achieved 时间因素，时间局限性

time-frame n.  1  a specific period of time in which something occurs or is planned (某事发生或被安排发生的)时间范围 2 colloq.  a period of time [口]一段时间

time-fuse n.  a fuse calculated to burn for or explode at a given time (定好时间燃烧或爆炸的)定时引信，定时导火线

time-honoured adj.  esteemed by tradition or through custom 因时间古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的

time immemorial n.  a longer time than anyone can remember or trace 记录不详的先前时代，太古时代

timekeeper /ˈtaimki:pə/ n.  1  a person who records time, esp. of workers or in a game (体育运动中的)计时员；(工作考勤中的)记时员 2  a  a watch or clock as regards accuracy 走时很准的钟表  a good timekeeper  一块走得很准的手表b  a person as regards punctuality 很准时的人 □ timekeeping  n.  

time lag n.  an interval of time between an event, a cause, etc. and its effect (两个相关联事件等)在时间上的间隔

time-lapse attrib. adj. (of photography) using frames taken at long intervals to photograph a slow process, and shown continuously as if at normal speed (指摄影)延时的，定时的(以长时间间隔拍摄成缓慢的过程，然后连续放映时，看到的是以正常速度出现的过程)

timeless /ˈtaimlis/ adj.  not affected by the passage of time; eternal 不受时间影响的；永恒的 □ timelessly  adv.  □ timelessness  n.  

time limit n.  the limit of time within which a task must be done (在规定时间内必须完成某项任务的)时限，期限

time lock n. & v. ●n.  1  a lock that is operated by a timing device 定时锁 2  a device built into a computer program to stop it operating after a certain time (电脑程序中的)定时装置 ●v. tr. (as 作 time-locked adj.)  1  inextricably linked to a certain period of time 与某段时间紧紧联系在一起的 2  secured by a time lock 定时锁锁定的

timely /ˈtaimli/ adj. (timelier, timeliest)  opportune; coming at the right time 及时的；适时的 □ timeliness  n.  

time off n.  time for rest or recreation etc. 休息时间；消遣时间

time-out n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  a brief intermission in a game etc. (比赛中的)时间暂停 2 (as 作 time out)  = TIME OFF 

time out of mind n.  = TIME IMMEMORIAL 

timepiece /ˈtaimpi:s/ n.  an instrument, such as a clock or watch, for measuring time (计时的)钟；表

timer /ˈtaimə/ n.  1  a person or device that measures or records time taken 计时员；记时员；计时器 2  an automatic mechanism for activating a device etc. at a pre-set time (预先设定好时间的)自动定时器

times /taimz/ v. tr. colloq.  multiply (a number) [口]乘以(某一个数) [from times n. pl.]

timescale /ˈtaimskeil/ n.  the time allowed for or taken by a sequence of events in relation to a broader period of time (用以表示一连串事件发生或发展的)时标

time-served adj. Brit.  having completed a period of apprenticeship or training [英]已完成学徒期(或训练期)的

time-server n.  a person who changes his or her views to suit the prevailing circumstances, fashion, etc. 随波逐流的人；趋炎附势的人 □ time-serving  adj.  

timeshare /ˈtaimʃɛə/ n.  a share in a property under a time-sharing scheme 分时享用财产所有权

time-sharing n.  1  the operation of a computer system by several users for different operations at one time 时间共享(使用电脑系统时允许若干用户同时操作各自的程序) 2  the use of a holiday home at agreed different times by several joint owners 分时享用度假住房(合买或合租，同意在不同时间轮流使用)

time sheet n.  a sheet of paper for recording hours of work etc. 工作时间记录单

time-shift v. & n. ●v. tr.  move from one time to another, esp. record (a television programme) for later viewing 转移时间(尤指把电视节目录制下来供以后观看) ●n.  a movement from one time to another 更改时间  continual time-shifts make the plot hard to follow  不断的时间更改使该计划很难执行

time signal n.  an audible (esp. broadcast) signal or announcement of the exact time of day 报时信号(尤指收音机发布的准确时间)

time signature n. Mus.  an indication of rhythm following a clef, usu. expressed as a fraction with the denominator defining the beat as a division of a semibreve and the numerator giving the number of beats in each bar 【音】(表示音乐作品节拍的)拍号

time-span n.  a period spanning a duration of time 时间跨度

time switch n.  a switch acting automatically at a pre-set time 自动定时开关

timetable /ˈtaimteib(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a list of times at which events are scheduled to take place, esp. the arrival and departure of buses or trains etc., or Brit. a sequence of lessons in a school or college (尤指汽车或火车等到达和出发的)时间表，时刻表；[英]: (学校或大学的)课程表 ●v. tr.  include in or arrange to a timetable; schedule 把…列入时间表(或课程表)；根据时间表(或课程表)安排

time travel n. (in science fiction) travel through time into the past or the future 时间旅行(指科幻小说中穿越时间、可深入过去或未来的旅行活动) □ time traveller  n.  时间旅行者；时间旅行器

time trial n.  a race in which participants are individually timed (对各参赛运动员进行单独计时的)计时赛

time warp n.  1 (in science fiction) an imaginary distortion of space in relation to time, whereby persons or objects of one age can be moved to another 时间异常(指科幻中想像的时空错乱，某个时代的人或物可以移到另一个时代) 2  a state in which the styles, attitudes, etc. of a past period are retained 昔日重现(指过去的时尚或观点等重又流行开来)  caught in a  1950s time warp 重新迷上了 20 世纪 50 年代的时尚

time-wasting n. & adj. ●n.  1  the tactic of slowing down play towards the end of a match to prevent further scoring by the opposition (放慢比赛节奏直到终场以防止对方再得分的)拖延时间战术 2  the act of wasting time 浪费时间 ●adj.  that wastes time 浪费时间的 □ time-waster  n.  

time-worn adj.  impaired by age 用久而损坏的；陈旧的；苍老的

time zone  see 见 ZONE n. 4 

timid /ˈtimid/ adj. (timider, timidest)  easily frightened; apprehensive, shy 易受惊的；胆怯的；腼腆的，害羞的 □ timidity  /-ˈmiditi/ n.  □ timidly  adv.  □ timidness  n.   [French timide or Latin timidus, from timēre ‘to fear’]

timing /ˈtaimiŋ/ n.  1  the way an action or process is timed, esp. in relation to others (对行动或过程进行的)计时；时间安排；时间选择 2 (in an internal-combustion engine) the times when the valves open and close and the time of the ignition spark in relation to the movement of the piston in the cylinder (指内燃机中阀门开闭时及点火时的)速度调整；时间同步

Timmy /ˈtimi/   蒂米 [人名]

timocracy /tiˈmɒkrəsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a form of government in which possession of property is required in order to hold office (必须拥有财产才能担任官职的)财权政治 2  a form of government in which rulers are motivated by love of honour 荣誉至上政治 □ timocratic  /-əˈkrætik/ adj.   [Old French timocracie via medieval Latin timocratia from Greek timokratia, from timē ‘honour, worth’ + kratia -CRACY]

Timorese /ti:mɔ:rˈi:z/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a native or inhabitant of Timor, an Indonesian island off the NW coast of Australia 帝汶岛民(帝汶岛位于澳大利亚西北部海岸附近) ●adj.  of or relating to Timor or its people 帝汶岛的；帝汶岛居民的

Timor-Leste   东帝汶

timorous /ˈtim(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  timid; easily alarmed 腼腆的；易受惊吓的 2  frightened 恐惧的，害怕的 □ timorously  adv.  □ timorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French temoreus from medieval Latin timorosus, via Latin timor from timēre ‘to fear’]

Timothy /ˈtiməθi/   蒂莫西 [人名]

timothy /ˈtiməθi/ n. (in full 全称 timothy grass)  a fodder grass, Phleum pratense 梯牧草，猫尾草 [named after Timothy Hanson, who introduced it in Carolina c. 1720]

timpani /ˈtimpəni/ n. pl. (also 亦作 tympani)  kettledrums 定音鼓 □ timpanist  n.   [Italian, pl. of timpano = TYMPANUM]

tin /tin/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Chem.  a silvery-white malleable metallic element resisting corrosion, occurring naturally in cassiterite and other ores, and used esp. in alloys and for plating thin iron or steel sheets to form tin plate (symbol 符 Sn) 【化】(化学元素)锡(银白色金属元素，具延展性和抗腐蚀性，自然生成于锡石和其他矿石中，常用来做合金或与薄的铁片钢片一起做成镀锡铁皮) 2  a  a vessel or container made of tin or tinned iron 镀锡铁皮容器b esp. Brit.  an airtight sealed container made of tin plate or aluminium for preserving food [尤英] (镀锡铁皮做的)食品罐头，听 3  = TIN PLATE  4 Brit. slang  money [英] [俚语]钱 ●v. tr. (tinned, tinning)  1 Brit.  seal (food) in an airtight tin for preservation [英]把(食品)装成罐头 2  cover or coat with tin 在…上包锡(或镀锡) □ put the tin lid on   see 见 LID  [Old English from Germanic]

Tina /ˈti:nə/   蒂娜 [人名]

tinamou /ˈtinəmu:/ n.  any S. American bird of the family Tinamidae, resembling a grouse but related to the rhea 鸟类之一种(南美洲的一种走禽，类似松鸡，但与美洲鸵鸟有亲缘关系) [French from Galibi tinamu]

tin can n.  a tin container (see 见 TIN n. 2), esp. an empty one 锡皮罐头，听(尤指空的)

tinctorial /tiŋ(k)ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to colour or dyeing 着色用的，染色用的 2  producing colour 产生颜色的 [Latin tinctorius from tinctor ‘dyer’: see TINGE]

tincture /ˈtiŋ(k)tʃə/ n. & v. ●n. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  1  a slight flavour or trace 些许味道；一丝痕迹 2  a tinge (of a colour) 色彩，色调 3  a medicinal solution (of a drug) in alcohol 酊剂(药物溶于酒精中的药剂)  tincture of quinine  奎宁酊剂 4 Heraldry  an inclusive term for the metals, colours, and furs used in coats of arms 【纹章学】(饰在衣袖上的)纹章金属(或色彩、毛皮) 5 Brit. colloq.  an alcoholic drink [英口]含酒精的饮料 ●v. tr.  1  colour slightly; tinge, flavour 给…着色(染色)；调味，加味 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  affect slightly (with a quality) 使…带有(痕迹、气味等) [Middle English from Latin tinctura ‘dyeing’ (as TINGE)]

tinder /ˈtində/ n.  a dry substance such as wood that readily catches fire from a spark 易燃物；引火物 □ tindery  adj.   [Old English tynder, tyndre, from Germanic]

tinderbox /ˈtindəbɒks/ n. hist.  a box containing tinder, flint, and steel, formerly used for kindling fires [史义] (从前用来点火的)引火盒

tine /tain/ n.  a prong or tooth or point of a fork, comb, antler, etc. (叉、梳子、鹿角等的)尖齿，尖头 □ tined  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English tind]

tinea /ˈtiniə/ n. Med.  ringworm or athlete's foot 【医】脚癣 [Latin, = moth, worm]

tinfoil /ˈtinfɔil/ n.  foil made of tin, aluminium, or tin alloy, used for wrapping food for cooking or storing (为烹饪而包装或贮存食品用的)锡箔，锡纸

ting /tiŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  a tinkling sound as of a bell (类似钟的)丁当声 ●v. intr. & tr.  emit or cause to emit this sound (使)发出丁当声 [imitative]

tinge /tin(d)ʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (tinging or tingeing) (often foll. by 常后跟 with; often in passive 常用被动)  1  colour slightly (轻淡地)给…着色(染色)  is tinged with red  略带红色 2  affect slightly 使稍微带有；使略为改变  regret tinged with satisfaction  满意中带有一点遗憾 ●n.  1  a tendency towards or trace of some colour (轻淡的)色彩，色调 2  a slight admixture of a feeling or quality 一丝感觉(或性质) [Middle English from Latin tingere tinct- ‘to dye, stain’]

tin-glaze n.  a glaze made white and opaque by the addition of tin oxide 锡釉，锡釉料(通过加入锡氧化物而变白、不透明状的涂料)

tingle /ˈtiŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  feel a slight prickling, stinging, or throbbing sensation 感到刺痛；感到激动b  cause this 使感到刺痛；使感到激动  the reply tingled in my ears  那回答使我听了感到激动 2 tr.  make (the ear etc.) tingle 使(耳朵等)鸣响 ●n.  a tingling sensation 激动；震颤 [Middle English, perhaps a variant of TINKLE]

tingly /ˈtiŋɡli/ adj. (tinglier, tingliest)  causing or characterized by tingling 有刺痛感的；引起刺痛的；感到激动的

tin god n.  1  an object of unjustified veneration 被盲目崇拜的事物 2  a self-important person 自以为了不起的人

tin hat n. colloq.  a military steel helmet [口] (军用的)钢盔

tinhorn /ˈtinhɔ:n/ n. & adj. US slang [美] [俚语] ●n.  a pretentious but unimpressive person 徒有虚名的人 ●adj.  cheap, pretentious 廉价的；徒有虚名的；做作的

tinker /ˈtiŋkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an itinerant mender of kettles and pans etc. (到处游走的)补锅匠 2 Sc. & Ir.  a gypsy [苏格兰和爱尔兰]吉卜赛人 3 Brit. colloq.  a mischievous person or animal [英口]爱捣乱的人(或动物) 4  a spell of tinkering 马虎将就的修补 5  a rough-and-ready worker 什么事情都能马马虎虎干一手的人 ●v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 at, with)  work in an amateurish or desultory way, esp. to adjust or mend machinery etc. 笨手笨脚地做事(尤指修理机器等) 2  a intr.  work as a tinker 做补锅匠b tr.  repair (pots and pans) 修补，修理(锅碗瓢盆) □ tinkerer  n.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

tinkle /ˈtiŋk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  make or cause to make a succession of short light ringing sounds (使)发出丁当声(丁零声) 2 intr. colloq. (esp. as a child's term) urinate [口] (尤指儿语)撒尿 ●n.  1  a tinkling sound 丁当声，丁零声 2 Brit. colloq.  a telephone call [英口]一个电话  will give you a tinkle on Monday  星期一会给你打个电话 3 colloq. (a child's term for) an act of urinating [口] (儿语的)撒尿 □ tinkly  adj.   [Middle English, from obsolete tink ‘to chink’ (imitative)]

tinner /ˈtinə/ n.  1  a tin-miner 锡矿矿工 2  a tinsmith 锡匠

tinnitus /tiˈnaitəs, ˈtinitəs/ n. Med.  a ringing in the ears 【医】耳鸣 [Latin from tinnire tinnit- ‘ring, tinkle’, of imitative origin]

tinny /ˈtini/ adj. & n. ●adj. (tinnier, tinniest)  1  of or like tin 锡的；似锡的 2 (of a metal object) flimsy, insubstantial (金属物)好看而不值钱的；空洞无物的 3  a  sounding like struck tin 丁当声的，丁零声的b (of reproduced sound) thin and metallic, lacking low frequencies (指再现的声音)细声的；尖声尖气的 4 Austral. slang  lucky [澳] [俚语]幸运的 ●n. (also 亦作 tinnie) (pl. -ies) Austral. slang  a can of beer [澳] [俚语]啤酒罐(听) □ tinnily  adv.  □ tinniness  n.  

tin-opener n. Brit.  a tool for opening tins [英]开罐器，开听刀

Tin Pan Alley n.  the world of composers and publishers of popular music (流行音乐作曲家和发行人组成的)流行音乐界

tin plate n. & v. ●n.  sheet iron or sheet steel coated with tin 镀锡铁皮，马口铁 ●v. tr. (作 tin-plate)  coat with tin 把…镀(或包)锡

tinpot /ˈtinpɒt/ attrib. adj. Brit.  cheap, inferior [英]廉价的，不值钱的；无足轻重的，低劣的

tinsel /ˈtins(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  glittering metallic strips, threads, etc., used as decoration to give a sparkling effect (闪光的)金属条，金属线(用作装饰，以达到闪烁的效果) 2  a fabric adorned with tinsel 镶有闪光金属线的织物 3  superficial brilliance or splendour 浮华的东西，华而不实的东西 4 (作 attrib.)  showy, gaudy, flashy 浮华(的)，华而不实(的) ●v. tr. (tinselled, tinselling; US [美] tinseled, tinseling)  adorn with or as with tinsel 用金属线(或像金属线的东西)装饰 □ tinselled  adj.  □ tinselly  adj.  浮华的，华而不实的 [Old French estincele ‘spark’ from Latin scintilla]

tinsmith /ˈtinsmiθ/ n.  a worker in tin and tin plate 锡匠，白铁匠

tinsnips /ˈtinsnips/ n. pl.  a pair of clippers for cutting sheet metal (裁剪金属薄板的)剪刀

tin soldier n.  a toy soldier made of metal (用锡或其他金属做的)玩具兵

tinstone /ˈtinstəʊn/ n.  = CASSITERITE 

tint /tint/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a variety of a colour, esp. one made lighter by adding white (尤指通过加入白色而变淡的)浅色，淡色 2  a tendency towards or admixture of a different colour (不同颜色混合在一起的)色彩；色调  red with a blue tint  偏蓝的红色 3  a faint colour spread over a surface, esp. as a background for printing on (尤指用作印刷品背景的)底色 4  a set of parallel engraved lines to give uniform shading (用平行线表现阴影的)线晕 ●v. tr.  apply a tint to; colour 使带上色彩(或色调)；给…着色(或染色) □ tinter  n.   [alteration of earlier tinct from Latin tinctus ‘dyeing’ (as TINGE), perhaps influenced by Italian tinto]

tin-tack n. Brit.  a tack coated with tin [英]镀锡平头铁钉

tintinnabulation /ˌtintinæbjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  a ringing or tinkling of bells 铃声；丁当声，丁零声 [as Latin tintinnabulum ‘tinkling bell’ from tintinnare, reduplication of tinnire ‘to ring’]

tinware /ˈtinwɛə/ n.  articles made of tin or tin plate 镀锡铁皮制品

tin whistle n.  = PENNY WHISTLE 

tiny /ˈtaini/ adj. & n. ●adj. (tinier, tiniest)  very small or slight 极小的，微小的 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a very young child 幼小的孩子 □ tinily  adv.  □ tininess  n.   [obsolete tine, tyne (adj. & n.) ‘small, a little’: Middle English, of unknown origin]

-tion /ʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns of action, condition, etc. (see 见 -ION, -ATION, -ITION, -UTION) (构成名词的后缀形式，表示行为、状态等) [from or suggested by French -tion or Latin -tio -tionis]

tip1 /tip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an extremity or end, esp. of a small or tapering thing (尤指小或尖的东西的)末梢，末端；顶端；尖端  tips of the fingers  手指尖 2  a small piece or part attached to the end of a thing, e.g. a ferrule on a stick 顶端附加物(如手杖上的金属包头) 3  a leaf bud of tea (茶叶的)芽尖 ●v. tr. (tipped, tipping)  1  provide with a tip 在…顶端装附加物 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  attach (a loose sheet) to a page at the inside edge (沿书页内侧装订线)粘贴(活页) □ on the tip of one's tongue   about to be said, esp. after difficulty in recalling to mind 差一点说出口的(尤指在苦想后差一点就要想起的)□ the tip of the iceberg   a small evident part of something much larger or more significant (事物的)表面小部分；端倪□ tipless  adj.  □ tippy  adj. (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3)   [Middle English from Old Norse typpi (n.), typpa (v.), typptr ‘tipped’, from Germanic (related to TOP1): probably reinforced by Middle Dutch & Middle Low German tip]

tip2 /tip/ v. & n. ●v. (tipped, tipping)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 over, up)  a intr.  lean or slant 倾斜，倾侧b tr.  cause to do this 使倾斜，使倾侧 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into etc.)  a  overturn or cause to overbalance 翻倒；倾翻  was tipped into the pond  翻倒在池塘里b  empty the contents from (a container etc.) in this way (从容器里)倾倒，倾卸c  pour out (the contents of a container) in this way 倒出(容器里的东西) 3 tr.  strike or touch lightly 轻击，轻碰 ●n.  1  a  a slight push or tilt 轻推；稍微倾斜b  a glancing stroke, esp. in baseball (尤指棒球中的)擦击，轻击 2 Brit.  a place where material (esp. refuse) is tipped [英] (尤指垃圾)倾倒场 □ tip the balance   make the critical difference 起决定性作用□ tip one's hat (or cap)   raise or touch one's hat or cap in greeting or acknowledgement (脱帽或触帽)打招呼或致意□ tip off  Basketball  start play by throwing the ball up between two opponents 【篮球】(在双方两个队员之间把球向上抛以示比赛开始的)开球□ tip the scales   see 见 SCALE2  [Middle English: origin uncertain]

tip3 /tip/ v. & n. ●v. (tipped, tipping)  1 tr.  make a small present of money to, esp. for a service given (尤指享受服务后)给小费于  have you tipped the porter?  你给搬运工小费了吗？ 2 tr. Brit.  name as the likely winner of a race or contest etc. [英]提及…有可能赢得比赛 3 tr. Brit. colloq.  give, hand, pass (esp. in tip a person the wink below 尤用于下文中的 tip a person the wink) [英口]给，递，传 ●n.  1  a small money present, esp. for a service given (尤指享受服务后所给的)小费 2  a piece of private or special information, esp. regarding betting or investment (尤指有关打赌或投资的)内部消息，秘密情报 3  a small or casual piece of advice 指点，指导；忠告 □ tip off  colloq.  give (a person) a hint or piece of special information or warning, esp. discreetly or confidentially [口] (尤指谨慎地、秘密地)向(某人)暗示，透露消息(或发出警示)□ tip a person the wink  Brit. colloq.  give a person private information [英口]向某人使眼色，向某人送暗号□ tipper  n.   [17th c.: origin uncertain]

tip-and-run attrib. adj.  1  designating cricket etc. in which the person batting must run if the ball is struck (板球等运动中)触球即跑的 2 (of a raid etc.) executed swiftly before immediate withdrawal (指偷袭等)打了就跑的

tipcat /ˈtipkæt/ n.  1  a game with a short piece of wood tapering at the ends and struck with a stick “棒击木片”游戏(棒击两头尖的短木片) 2  this piece of wood 两头尖的短木片

tipi var.  of TEPEE  TEPEE 的变体

tip-off n.  a hint or warning etc. given discreetly or confidentially (谨慎地、秘密地给某人发出的)暗示，警示

tipper /ˈtipə/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a road haulage vehicle that tips at the back to discharge its load 翻斗卡车，自卸货车

tippet /ˈtipit/ n.  1  a covering of fur etc. for the shoulders formerly worn by women (动物毛皮等制成的)女式披肩 2  a similar garment worn by some as part of official dress, esp. by the clergy (尤指教会人士所披戴的)圣带 3 hist.  a long narrow strip of cloth as part of or an attachment to a hood etc. [史义] (旧时服装的)披肩下垂部分 [Middle English, probably from TIP1]

Tipp-Ex /ˈtipeks/ n. & v. (also 亦作 Tippex) ●n. propr.  a type of correction fluid [商标]修正液 ●v. tr.  delete with Tipp-Ex 用修正液抹掉 [German tippen ‘type’ + Latin ex ‘out’]

tipple /ˈtip(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  drink intoxicating liquor habitually (习惯性地)饮酒；嗜酒 2 tr.  drink (liquor) repeatedly in small amounts 多次少量饮(酒) ●n. colloq.  a drink, esp. a strong one [口] (尤指含酒的)饮料 □ tippler  n.   [Middle English, back-formation from tippler, of unknown origin]

tipstaff /ˈtipstɑ:f/ n.  1  a sheriff's officer 法警 2  a metal-tipped staff carried as a symbol of office (用以标志执法人员职位的)金属头手杖 [contraction of tipped staff, i.e. tipped with metal]

tipster /ˈtipstə/ n.  a person who gives tips, esp. about betting at horse races (尤指熟悉赛马赌博内部情况的)情报贩子

tipsy /ˈtipsi/ adj. (tipsier, tipsiest)  1  slightly intoxicated 微醉的 2  caused by or showing intoxication 醉醺醺的；摇摇晃晃的；醉态的  a tipsy leer  斜睨一眼 □ tipsily  adv.  □ tipsiness  n.   [probably from TIP2]

tipsy-cake n. Brit.  a sponge cake soaked in wine or spirits and often served with custard [英]蜜饯夹心酒味蛋糕

tiptoe /ˈtiptəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 on tiptoe)  the tips of the toes 脚(趾)尖 ●v. intr. (tiptoes, tiptoed, tiptoeing)  walk on tiptoe, or very stealthily 踮起脚走；偷偷摸摸地 □ on tiptoe   with the heels off the ground and the weight on the balls of the feet 踮着脚

tip-top adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj.  highest in excellence; very best 头等的；第一流的 ●n.  the highest point of excellence 顶点；极点；第一流

tip-up adj.  able to be tipped, e.g. of a folding seat in a theatre to allow passage past 可翻起的(如剧院中的折椅)

TIR abbr.  international road transport (esp. with reference to EEC regulations) [缩略] (尤指欧共体规定的)国际陆路货运 [French transport international routier]

tirade /taiˈreid, ti-/ n.  a long vehement denunciation or declamation 长篇的谴责性发言；激烈的长篇演说 [French, = long speech, via Italian tirata ‘volley’, from tirare ‘pull’, from Romanic]

tirailleur /tiraiˈɜ:/ n.  1  a sharpshooter 狙击兵；神枪手 2  a skirmisher 散兵 [French, via tirailler ‘shoot independently’ from tirer ‘shoot, draw’, from Romanic]

Tirana /tiˈrɑ:nə/ n.  地拉那 [阿尔巴尼亚首都]

tire1 /taiə/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or grow weary (使)感到疲劳；(使)感到累 2 tr.  exhaust the patience or interest of; bore 使厌倦，使厌烦 3 tr. (in passive 用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 of)  have had enough of; be fed up with 厌倦，厌烦  was tired of arguing  厌烦了争论 [Old English tēorian, of unknown origin]

tire2 /taiə/ n.  1  a band of metal placed round the rim of a wheel to strengthen it 轮胎；轮箍(套在轮子边缘、使其加固的金属圈) 2 US var.  of TYRE [美] TYRE 的变体 [Middle English, perhaps = archaic tire ‘clothing, equipment’, from ATTIRE]

tired /taiəd/ adj.  1  weary, exhausted; ready for sleep 厌烦的；疲倦的，累的；睏的 2 (of an idea etc.) hackneyed (指思想等)陈旧的，陈腐的 □ tiredly  adv.  □ tiredness  n.  

tireless /ˈtaiəlis/ adj.  having inexhaustible energy 不知疲劳的；不厌倦的 □ tirelessly  adv.  □ tirelessness  n.  

tiresome /ˈtaiəs(ə)m/ adj.  1  wearisome, tedious 令人厌倦的；厌烦的 2 Brit. colloq.  annoying [英口]讨厌的  how tiresome of you!  你真讨厌！ □ tiresomely  adv.  □ tiresomeness  n.  

tiro var.  of TYRO  TYRO 的变体

'tis /tiz/ archaic [古义]  it is  [contraction]

tisane /tiˈzæn/ n.  a nourishing drink, originally esp. made with barley, now usu. a herbal tea 大麦汤，药茶(尤指用大麦煮成的营养药剂) [Middle English & Old French tizanne etc. via Latin ptisana from Greek ptisanē ‘peeled barley’]

tissue /ˈtiʃu:, ˈtisju:/ n.  1  any of the coherent collections of specialized cells of which animals or plants are made (构成动植物细胞的)组织  muscular tissue  肌肉组织 nervous tissue  神经组织 2  = TISSUE PAPER  3  a disposable piece of thin soft absorbent paper for wiping, drying, etc. (擦净、弄干等用的)一次性手巾纸，餐巾纸 4  fine woven esp. gauzy fabric 薄纱；薄绸 5 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a connected series 一连串；一整套  a tissue of lies  一整套谎言 [Middle English from Old French tissu ‘rich material’, past part. of tistre from Latin texere ‘weave’]

tissue culture n. Biol. & Med. 【生】【医】  1  the growth in an artificial medium of cells derived from living tissue (人工培养的)细胞组织 2  a culture of this kind 细胞组织培养

tissue paper n.  thin soft unsized paper for wrapping or protecting fragile or delicate articles (包装或保护易碎精致物品的)薄纸，绵纸

Tit. abbr.  Titus (New Testament) [缩略] 《提多书》(《圣经·新约》)

tit1 /tit/ n.  any of various small songbirds esp. of the family Paridae (体形较小的)鸣禽；(尤指)山雀 [probably from Scandinavian]

tit2 /tit/ n.   □ tit for tat  /tæt/  blow for blow; retaliation 以牙还牙，针锋相对 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : tit-for-tat attacks  以牙还牙的攻击 [= earlier tip (TIP2) for tap]

tit3 /tit/ n.  1 colloq.  a nipple [口]乳头，奶头 2 coarse slang  a woman's breast [粗俗俚语] (妇女的)乳房 [Old English: cf. Middle Low German titte]

tit4 /tit/ n. Brit. coarse slang  a term of contempt for a person [英] [粗俗俚语]不中用的人，窝囊废 [20th c.: perhaps from TIT3]

Titan /ˈtait(ə)n/ n.  1 (often 常作 titan)  a person of very great strength, intellect, or importance 巨人；能干的人；重要人物 2 (in Greek mythology) a member of a family of early gigantic gods, the offspring of Heaven and Earth 泰坦(希腊神话中众巨神之一，天神和地神之子) [Middle English via Latin from Greek]

titanic1 /taiˈtænik/ adj.  1  of or like the Titans 泰坦人的；像泰坦人一样的 2  gigantic, colossal 巨大的；庞大的 □ titanically  adv.   [Greek titanikos (as TITAN)]

titanic2 /taiˈtænik/ adj. Chem.  of titanium, esp. in tetravalent form 【化】钛的(尤指四价钛的) □ titanate  /ˈtaitəneit/ n.  

titanium /taiˈteiniəm, ti-/ n. Chem.  a grey metallic element occurring naturally in many clays etc., and used to make strong light alloys that are resistant to corrosion (symbol 符 Ti) 【化】(化学元素)钛(一种自然生成于许多种泥土中的灰色金属元素，可制成抗腐蚀性很强的合金) [Greek (as TITAN) + -IUM, on the pattern of uranium]

titanium dioxide n. (also 亦作 titanium oxide)  a white oxide occurring naturally and used as a white pigment 二氧化钛，钛白

titbit /ˈtitbit/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] tidbit /ˈtid-/)  1  a dainty morsel 量少味美的食品，佳肴珍品 2  a piquant item of news etc. 趣闻，花絮 [perhaps from dialect tid ‘tender’ + BIT1]

titch /titʃ/ n. (also 亦作 tich) Brit. colloq.  a small person [英口]小人物 [Tich, the stage name of Harry Relph (d. 1928), English music-hall comedian]

titchy /ˈtitʃi/ adj. (titchier, titchiest) Brit. colloq.  very small [英口]很小的

titer US var.  of TITRE [美] TITRE 的变体

titfer /ˈtitfə/ n. Brit. slang  a hat [英] [俚语]帽子 [abbreviation of tit for tat, rhyming slang]

tithe /taið/ n. & v. ●n.  1  one-tenth of the annual produce of land or labour, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy 什一税(指过去把土地或劳动的年产值的十分之一交给教会作为税收) 2  a tenth part 十分之一 ●v.  1 tr.  subject to tithes 向…征收什一税 2 intr.  pay tithes 缴纳什一税 □ tithable  adj.   [Old English teogotha ‘tenth’]

tithe barn n.  a barn built to hold tithes paid in kind 什一税农产品储存仓库

tithing /ˈtaiðiŋ/ n.  1  the practice of taking or paying a tithe 征收什一税；缴纳什一税 2 hist. [史义] (in England) (英国)a  ten householders living near together and collectively responsible for each other's behaviour (指英国附近居民相互负责的)十户联保组b  the area occupied by them 十户联保区 [Old English tīgething (as TITHE, -ING1)]

titi1 /ˈti:ti:/ n. (pl. titis)  any S. American monkey of the genus Callicebus (产于南美的)绢毛猴 [Tupi]

titi2 /ˈtaitai, ˈti:ti:/ n. (pl. titis)  any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of the south-eastern US, of the family Cyrillaceae (美国东南部常绿的)沼泽革木 [perhaps of American Indian origin]

Titian /ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ adj. (of hair) bright golden auburn (头发)橙红色；赤褐色 [from the name of Tiziano Vecelli, Italian painter d. 1576]

Titian-haired adj.  having bright auburn hair 长有橙红色头发的

titillate /ˈtitileit/ v. tr.  1  excite pleasantly 激发；使兴奋 2  tickle 使觉得痒；逗引 □ titillatingly  adv.  □ titillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin titillare titillat-]

titivate /ˈtitiveit/ v. tr. (also 亦作 tittivate) colloq. [口]  1  adorn, smarten 打扮；装饰，修饰 2 (often 常作 refl.)  put the finishing touches to 画龙点睛 □ titivation  /-ˈveiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [earlier tidivate, perhaps from TIDY on the pattern of cultivate]

titlark /ˈtitlɑ:k/ n.  a pipit, esp. the meadow pipit 鹨(尤指草地鹨)

title /ˈtait(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the name of a book, work of art, piece of music, etc. (书籍、艺术作品、乐曲等的)名称，题目 2  the heading of a chapter, poem, document, etc. (章节、诗歌、文件等的)标题 3  a  the contents of the title-page of a book (书刊的)扉页内容b  a book regarded in terms of its title (书刊的)一种，一本  published 20 new titles  出版了 20 种新书 4  a caption or credit in a film, broadcast, etc. (电影或电视等的)字幕；摄制人员名单 5  a form of nomenclature indicating a person's status (e.g. professor, queen) or used as a form of address or reference (e.g. Lord, Mr, Your Grace) 职称，头衔(如教授，女王)；称呼，称号(如主，先生，大人) 6  a championship in sport (体育运动的)冠军，第一名 7 Law 【法律】  a  the right to ownership of property with or without possession (财产的)所有权b  the facts constituting this 所有权凭证c (foll. by 后跟 to)  a just or recognized claim 契据 8 Eccl. 【教会】  a  a fixed sphere of work and source of income as a condition for ordination 就任圣职需具备的条件b  a parish church in Rome under a cardinal (罗马天主教的)教堂；教区 ●v. tr.  give a title to 给…加标题(或题目)；授予…称号(或职称、头衔等) [Middle English via Old French from Latin titulus ‘placard, title’]

titled /ˈtait(ə)ld/ adj.  having a title of nobility or rank 有称号的；有职称的；有头衔的

title deed n.  a legal instrument as evidence of a right, esp. to property (尤指对财产的)所有权证书

title-holder n.  a person who holds a title, esp. a sports champion 有称号者；有头衔者(尤指体育运动的冠军)

title-page n.  a page at the beginning of a book giving the title and particulars of authorship etc. 标题页，扉页(指一本书的开头页，给出书名和作者等具体情况)

title role n.  the part in a play etc. that gives it its name (e.g. Othello) (戏剧等中被用作剧名的)剧名角色(如《奥赛罗》)

titling1 /ˈtaitliŋ/ n.  the impressing of a title in gold leaf etc. on the cover of a book (书本封面上)标题的烫印

titling2 /ˈtitliŋ/ n.  1  a titlark 鹨 2  a titmouse 山雀

titmouse /ˈtitmaʊs/ n. (pl. titmice /-mais/)  any of various small tits, esp. of the genus Parus 山雀 [Middle English titmōse, from TIT1 + Old English mɑˉse ‘titmouse’, assimilated to MOUSE]

Titoism /ˈti:təʊiz(ə)m/ n.  the Communist policies followed by Marshal Tito in the former Yugoslavia, which concentrated on the national interest without reference to the Soviet Union 铁托主义(指前南斯拉夫总统铁托实行的共产主义政策，强调国家利益，不主张与苏联结盟) □ Titoist  n. & adj.   [from Tito, the name adopted by J. Broz (d. 1980) + -ISM]

titrate /taiˈtreit, ti-/ v. tr. Chem.  ascertain the amount of a constituent in (a solution) by measuring the volume of a known concentration of reagent required to complete a reaction with it, often using an indicator 【化】用滴定法测量(溶液)的成分 □ titratable  adj.  □ titration  /-ˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

titre /ˈtaitə, ˈti:tə/ n. (US [美] titer)  1 Chem.  the concentration of a solution as determined by titration 【化】滴定度；滴定量 2 Med.  the concentration of an antibody, as determined by finding the highest dilution at which it is still active 【医】滴定度 [French, = TITLE]

ti-tree /ˈti:tri:/ n.  1  = TI1  2  = TEA-TREE 1  [sense 1 from TI1; sense 2 arises by confusion]

titter /ˈtitə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  laugh in a furtive or restrained way; giggle 窃笑；傻笑 ●n.  a furtive or restrained laugh 窃笑；傻笑 □ titterer  n.  □ titteringly  adv.   [imitative]

tittivate var.  of TITIVATE  TITIVATE 的变体

tittle /ˈtit(ə)l/ n.  1  a small written or printed stroke or dot (书写或印刷字符上方的)小符号，小点 2  a particle; a whit (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 not one jot or tittle) 一点点，微量 [Middle English from Latin (as TITLE)]

tittle-tattle /ˈtit(ə)ltæt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  petty gossip 闲言碎语 ●v. intr.  gossip, chatter 闲聊，漫谈 [reduplication of TATTLE]

tittup /ˈtitəp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (tittuped, tittuping or tittupped, tittupping) esp. Brit.  go about friskily or jerkily; bob up and down; canter [尤英]举止活泼；蹦蹦跳跳；(马)跳跃 ●n.  such a gait or movement 活泼的举止；快乐的蹦跳 [perhaps imitative of hoof-beats]

titty /ˈtiti/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq. or joc. [口] [诙]  = TIT3 

titubation /titjʊˈbeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Med.  unsteadiness, esp. as caused by nervous disease 【医】(尤指因神经疾病而引起的)蹒跚(步态) [Latin titubatio from titubare ‘totter’]

titular /ˈtitjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to a title 标题的；书名的；被用作标题(或书名)的  the book's titular hero  本书的被用作书名的主人公 2  existing, or being what is specified, in name or title only 名义上的；有名无实的，徒具虚名的  titular ruler  有名无实的统治者 titular sovereignty  名义上的主权 ●n.  1  the holder of an office etc., esp. a benefice, without the corresponding functions or obligations (尤指有圣职头衔而不具有职能或义务的)官员 2  a titular saint (教堂的)守护圣徒 □ titularly  adv.   [French titulaire or modern Latin titularis, from titulus TITLE]

titular bishop n.  a bishop nominally appointed to a see no longer in existence (已不复存在但仍保留称号而挂名的)虚衔主教

titular saint n.  the patron saint of a particular church (教堂的)守护圣徒

tizzy /ˈtizi/ n. (pl. -ies) (also 亦作 tizz, tiz) colloq.  a state of nervous agitation [口]慌乱；紧张  in a tizzy  慌乱之中 [20th c.: origin unknown]

T-junction n.  a road junction at which one road joins another at right angles without crossing it T 形交叉； T 形接合(指一条道路与另一条道路呈直角相交但不相互穿越)

TKO abbr. Boxing  technical knockout [缩略]【拳击】技术击倒，技术得胜

Tl symb. Chem.  the element thallium [符]【化】(化学元素)铊

TLC abbr. colloq.  tender loving care [缩略] [口]温柔关爱

TLS abbr. Times Literary Supplement [缩略]  《泰晤士报文学副刊》

T-lymphocyte /ti:ˈlimfəsait/ n. Physiol.  a lymphocyte of a type produced or processed by the thymus gland and active in the immune response Also called 亦称作 T-cell 【生理】(淋巴)细胞，胸腺依赖性细胞 [T for thymus]

TM abbr. [缩略]  1  trade mark 商标 2  Transcendental Meditation 超验静思

Tm symb. Chem.  the element thulium [符]【化】(化学元素)铥

tmesis /ˈtmi:sis/ n. (pl. tmeses /-si:z/) Gram.  the separation of parts of a compound word by an intervening word or words (esp. in colloq. speech, e.g. 尤用于口语中，如 can't find it any-blooming-where (无论哪儿都找不着)) 【语法】插词法(指复合词中插入其他词) [Greek tmēsis ‘cutting’ from temnō ‘to cut’]

TN abbr. US  Tennessee (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]田纳西州(正式邮政用语)

tn abbr. [缩略]  1 US  ton(s) [美]吨 2  town 城镇

TNT abbr.  trinitrotoluene, a high explosive formed from toluene by substitution of three hydrogen atoms with nitro groups [缩略]梯恩梯(即三硝基甲苯，具有强爆炸力)

to /tə, before a vowel (元音前)tʊ, emphat. (强调时) tu:/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  introducing a noun 引出名词 :a  expressing what is reached, approached, or touched (表示到达、接近或触及)到；向，朝，往  fell to the ground  掉落到地上 went to Paris  去往巴黎 put her face to the window  把她的脸靠向窗户 five minutes to six  差 5 分 6 点b  expressing what is aimed at: often introducing the indirect object of a verb (表示目标或对象)给，对，于(常引出动词的间接宾语)  throw it to me  把它扔给我 explained the problem to them  给他们解释那个难题c  as far as; up to 直到；到，达  went on to the end  直到结束 have to stay from Tuesday to Friday  不得不从星期二呆到星期五d  to the extent of 达到(某种程度)  were all drunk to a man  全都烂醉如泥 was starved to death  被饿死了e  expressing what is followed (表示符合、一致)根据；按照  according to instructions  根据说明 made to order  按照预定的做f  expressing what is considered or affected (表示考虑或影响)针对，对于  am used to that  对那已习惯了 that is nothing to me  对我来说，那没什么g  expressing what is caused or produced (表示造成的结果)造成，致使  turn to stone  变成了石头 tear to shreds  撕成碎片h  expressing what is compared (表示比较)比；与…相比  nothing to what it once was  与它过去的情况相比算不了什么 comparable to any other  可与任何其他的相比 equal to the occasion  与此情况相同 won by three goals to two  以三比二的比分赢了i  expressing what is increased (表示增加)附加，加于  add it to mine  把它加到我的头上j  expressing what is involved or composed as specified (表示相关或关联)对于；关于  there is nothing to it  这没什么关系 more to him than meets the eye  他可不像看上去那么简单k  expressing the substance of a debit entry in accounting (表示记入账户借项的东西)每  to four chairs, sixty pounds  每四把椅子 60 元钱l archaic  for; by way of [古义]为，作为  took her to wife  娶她为妻 2  introducing the infinitive (引出不定式):a  as a verbal noun (动词不定式用作名词)  to get there is the priority  赶到那儿是最要紧的b  expressing purpose, consequence, or cause (表示目的、后果或原因)  we eat to live  我们吃饭是为了活着 left him to starve  让他饿着 am sorry to hear that  听到此事很难过c  as a substitute for to + infinitive (带 to 不定式的省略替代)  wanted to come but was unable to  想来，但不能(来) ●adv.  1  in the normal or required position or condition (处于正常的或所需的状态)  come to  苏醒过来 heave to  顶风停航 2 (of a door) in a nearly closed position (门)虚掩着 □ to and fro   1  backwards and forwards 来回地 2  repeatedly between the same points 往复地 [Old English tō (adv. & prep.), from West Germanic]

toad /təʊd/ n.  1  any froglike amphibian of the family Bufonidae, esp. of the genus Bufo, breeding in water but living chiefly on land 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆(一种类似青蛙的两栖动物，繁殖于水中但主要生活于岸上) 2  any of various similar tailless amphibians 类似蟾蜍的无尾两栖动物 3  a repulsive or detestable person 讨厌的人，可鄙的人 □ toadish  adj.   [Old English tɑˉdige, tɑˉdde, tɑˉda, of unknown origin]

toad-eater n. archaic  a toady [古义]谄媚者，马屁精

toadfish /ˈtəʊdfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any marine fish of the family Batrachoididae, with a large head and wide mouth, making grunting noises by vibrating the walls of its swim-bladder 蟾鱼(头大嘴阔的海鱼，常振颤其鳔壁而发出低沉吼声)

toadflax /ˈtəʊdflæks/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Linaria or Chaenorrhinum (figwort family), esp. L. vulgaris (yellow toadflax), with narrow leaves like flax and spurred yellow flowers 柳穿鱼(云兰属植物，其窄叶片像亚麻，开黄色花) 2  a related plant, Cymbalaria muralis, with lilac flowers and ivy-shaped leaves 有距啮龙花(开淡紫色花，其叶呈象牙形)

toad-in-the-hole n. Brit.  sausages or other meat baked in batter [英]面拖烤香肠

toadlet /ˈtəʊdlit/ n.  a small or young toad 小蟾蜍

toadstone /ˈtəʊdstəʊn/ n.  a stone, sometimes precious, supposed to resemble or to have been formed in the body of a toad, formerly used as an amulet etc. 蟾蜍石(被认为较为珍贵的石头，类似于蟾蜍或形成于蟾蜍体内，过去常用作护身符等)

toadstool /ˈtəʊdstu:l/ n.  the spore-bearing body of various fungi, usu. with a round top and slender stalk, esp. one that is poisonous or inedible (cf. 参见 MUSHROOM n. 1) (尤指有毒不能吃的、常呈圆顶细杆状的)伞菌；毒菌

toady /ˈtəʊdi/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a sycophant; an obsequious hanger-on 谄媚者，马屁精 ●v. tr. & (foll. by 后跟 to) intr. (-ies, -ied)  behave servilely to; fawn upon 谄媚，奉承，拍马 □ toadyish  adj.  □ toadyism  n.   [contraction of toad-eater, a charlatan's attendant who ate toads (regarded as poisonous)]

toast /təʊst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  bread in slices browned on both sides by radiant heat (通过辐射热使两边呈焦黄色的)烤面包片，吐司 2  a  a person (originally esp. a woman) or thing in whose honour a company is requested to drink 受祝酒的人(或事物)；极受敬慕的人(最早尤指妇女)b  a call to drink or an instance of drinking in this way 祝酒，敬酒；干杯 ●v.  1 tr.  cook or brown (bread, a teacake, cheese, etc.) by radiant heat 烤，烘(面包、茶点、奶酪等) 2 intr. (of bread etc.) become brown in this way (面包等)烤得焦黄 3 tr.  warm (one's feet, oneself, etc.) at a fire etc. 使(脚或身体等)烤暖和 4 tr.  drink to the health or in honour of (a person or thing) 为(某人或某事物)举杯祝酒 □ have a person on toast  Brit. colloq.  be in a position to deal with a person as one wishes [英口]任意摆布某人 [Middle English (originally as verb) from Old French toster ‘roast’, ultimately from Latin torrēre tost- ‘parch’: sense 2 of the noun reflects the notion that a woman's name flavours the drink as spiced toast would]

toaster /ˈtəʊstə/ n.  an electrical device for making toast 烤面包机；烤炉，烤箱

toastie /ˈtəʊsti/ n. colloq.  a toasted sandwich or snack [口] (烘烤的)三明治；小点心

toasting-fork n.  a long-handled fork for making toast before a fire (在火边烤面包用的)烤叉

toastmaster /ˈtəʊs(t)mɑ:stə/ n. (fem. toastmistress /-mistris/)  an official responsible for announcing toasts at a public occasion 宴会主持人；祝酒提议人

toastrack /ˈtəʊstræk/ n.  a rack for holding slices of toast at table (餐桌上用的)烤面包片架

toasty /ˈtəʊsti/ adj.  1  comfortably warm 温暖舒适的 2 (of wine) characterized by the aroma of maturation in small French oak casks (酒)窖香的，有木桶香气的 3  of or resembling toast 烤面包片的；像烤面包片的

tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a preparation of the nicotine-rich leaves of a plant of the genus Nicotiana, esp. for smoking or chewing (尤指供吸入或咀嚼富含尼古丁的)烟草制品 2  the plant itself (cf. 参见 TOBACCO PLANT) 烟草，烟叶 [Spanish tabaco, of uncertain origin]

tobacco mosaic virus n.  a virus that causes mosaic disease in tobacco, much used in biochemical research 烟草花叶病毒(多用于生化研究)

tobacconist /təˈbæk(ə)nist/ n.  a retail dealer in tobacco and cigarettes etc. 烟草商；烟草制品零售商

tobacco pipe  see 见 PIPE n. 2a 

tobacco plant n.  any plant of the genus Nicotiana, of American origin, grown for its narcotic leaves (see 见 TOBACCO) or for its night-scented flowers 烟草(源于美洲的植物)

tobacco-stopper n.  an instrument for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe 烟丝捏镊(用以将烟斗中烟丝压紧的烟具)

Tobagan /təˈbeigən/ adj. & n.  多巴哥的(人)

Tobagonian /təubəˈgəuniən/ adj. & n.  多巴哥的(人)

toboggan /təˈbɒɡ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  a long light narrow sledge (originally and N. Amer. upcurved in front), for sliding downhill esp. over compacted snow or ice (在雪或冰上向下滑行的窄长形)轻便雪橇，滑橇 ●v. intr.  ride on a toboggan 坐轻便雪橇滑行 □ tobogganer  n.  □ tobogganing  n.  □ tobogganist  n.   [Canadian French tabaganne from Algonquian]

Toby /ˈtəubi/   托比 [人名]

toby jug /ˈtəʊbi/ n.  a jug or mug for ale etc., usu. in the form of a stout old man wearing a three-cornered hat (通常戴三角帽、呈矮胖人形的)啤酒杯；水罐 [familiar form of the name Tobias]

toccata /təˈkɑ:tə/ n.  a musical composition for a keyboard instrument designed to exhibit the performer's touch and technique 托卡塔(键盘乐曲，专为键盘演奏指法和技巧而创作的) [Italian, fem. past part. of toccare ‘touch’]

Toc H /tɒk ˈeitʃ/ n. Brit.  a society, originally of ex-service personnel, founded after the First World War for promoting Christian fellowship and social service [英]退役军人社团(成立于第一次世界大战后，旨在宣扬基督教博爱精神和社会服务) [toc (former telegraphy code for T) + H, for Talbot House, a soldier's club established in Belgium in 1915]

Tocharian /təˈkɛəriən, -ˈkɑ:riən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an extinct Indo-European language of a central Asian people in the first millennium AD 吐火罗语(在公元第一个千年期间中亚的一个民族说的、现已消亡的印欧语) 2  a member of the people speaking this language 吐火罗人 ●adj.  of or relating to this language 吐火罗语的 [French tocharien via Latin Tochari from Greek Tokharoi, the name of a Scythian tribe]

tocopherol /tɒˈkɒfərɒl/ n.  any of several closely related vitamins, found in wheatgerm oil, egg yolk, and leafy vegetables, and important in the stabilization of cell membranes etc. Also called 亦称作 vitamin E 生育酚(即维生素 E ，含于麦芽油、蛋黄和有叶蔬菜中，对细胞膜等组织的稳定起重要作用) [Greek tokos ‘offspring’ + pherō ‘bear’ + -OL1]

tocsin /ˈtɒksin/ n.  an alarm bell or signal 警报；警戒信号 [French via Old French touquesain, toquassen from Provençal tocasenh, from tocar TOUCH + senh ‘signal-bell’]

tod /tɒd/ n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语]   □ on one's tod   alone; on one's own 独自地 [20th c.: perhaps from rhyming slang on one's Tod Sloan (name of a jockey)]

today /təˈdei/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  on or in the course of this present day 在今天，在今日  shall we go today?  我们今天去吗？ 2  nowadays; in modern times 现今；在当代 ●n.  1  this present day 今天，今日  today is my birthday  今天是我的生日 2  modern times 现在；当代 □ today week (or fortnight etc.)  Brit.  a week (or fortnight etc.) from today [英]下星期的(或两个星期后的)今天 [Old English tō dœg ‘on (this) day’ (as TO, DAY)]

toddle /ˈtɒd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  walk with short unsteady steps like those of a small child (像小孩学步一样)蹒跚行走 2 colloq. [口]  a (often foll. by 常后跟 round, to, etc.)  take a casual or leisurely walk 溜达，闲逛；信步走b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 off)  depart 离开 ●n.  1  a toddling walk 蹒跚行走 2 colloq.  a stroll or leisurely walk [口]溜达，闲逛 [16th-c. todle (Scots & northern English), of unknown origin]

toddler /ˈtɒdlə/ n.  a child who is just beginning to walk 蹒跚学步的孩子 □ toddlerhood  n.  

toddy /ˈtɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a drink of spirits with hot water and sugar or spices (加糖或香料用热水冲饮的)香甜热酒 2  the sap of some kinds of palm, fermented to produce arrack 棕榈酒；棕榈汁 [Hindustani tɑˉrī from tɑˉr ‘palm’, from Sanskrit tɑˆla ‘palmyra’]

to-do /təˈdu:/ n. (pl. to-dos)  a commotion or fuss 忙乱；骚动；喧闹 [to do as in what's to do (= to be done)]

tody /ˈtəʊdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  any small insect-eating West Indian bird of the genus Todus, related to the kingfisher 短尾鴗(西印度群岛产的翠鸟类食虫小鸟) [French todier from Latin todus, a small bird]

toe /təʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of the five terminal projections of the human foot (人的)脚趾，足尖 2  the corresponding part of an animal (动物的)趾，蹄尖 3  the part of an item of footwear that covers the toes (鞋、袜等的)足尖部 4  the lower end or tip of an implement etc. (工具等的)轴踵；柄尖 5 Archit.  a projection from the foot of a buttress etc. to give stability 【建】(用以加固支柱等的)坡脚 ●v. (toes, toed, toeing)  1 tr.  touch (a starting line etc.) with the toes before starting a race 用脚尖触碰(起跑线等) 2 tr.  a  mend the toe of (a sock etc.) 修补(袜子等的)脚头b  provide (a sock etc.) with a toe 给(袜子等)做脚头 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out)  a  walk with the toes pointed in (or out) 脚尖朝内(外)走路b (of a pair of wheels) converge (or diverge) slightly at the front (一对轮子)在前部稍微收拢或叉开 4 tr. Golf  strike (the ball) with a part of the club too near the toe 【高尔夫球】用高尔夫球杆头击(球) □ on one's toes   alert, eager 警觉的；准备行动的□ toe the line   conform to a general policy or principle, esp. unwillingly or under pressure (尤指不情愿地或在压力下)服从，听从政策(或政纲)□ turn up one's toes  colloq.  die [口]死□ toed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ toeless  adj.   [Old English tɑˉ, from Germanic]

toecap /ˈtəʊkæp/ n.  the (usu. strengthened) outer covering of the toe of a boot or shoe (通常用来加固鞋子或靴子的)鞋头，鞋尖外包头

toe clip n.  a clip on a bicycle pedal to prevent the foot from slipping (自行车脚踏板上防滑的)鞋头夹套

toehold /ˈtəʊhəʊld/ n.  1  a small foothold (脚趾大小的)立足点，支点 2  a small beginning or advantage 初步的立足点；微小的好处

toenail /ˈtəʊneil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the nail at the tip of each toe 脚趾甲 2  a nail driven obliquely through the end of a board etc. (穿透木板等的)斜钉 ●v. tr.  fasten (a board etc.) with a toenail or toenails 用斜钉钉牢(木板等)

toe-rag n. Brit. slang  a term of contempt for a person [英] [俚语]小人物，无足轻重的人 [earlier = tramp, vagrant, from the rag wrapped round the foot in place of a sock]

toey /ˈtəʊi/ adj. Austral. slang  restless, nervous, touchy [澳] [俚语]焦躁不安的；神经质的

toff /tɒf/ n. & v. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  an upper-class person; a smart or well-dressed person 纨袴子弟；花花公子 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  dress up smartly 把…打扮得像花花公子 [perhaps a perversion of tuft = titled undergraduate (from the gold tassel formerly worn on the cap)]

toffee /ˈtɒfi/ n. (also 亦作 toffy) (pl. toffees or toffies)  1  a kind of firm or hard sweet softening when sucked or chewed, made by boiling sugar, butter, etc. 乳脂糖，太妃糖(由滚烫的蔗糖和黄油等制成的硬糖，含服或咀嚼时会软化) 2 Brit.  a small piece of this [英] (一小块)乳脂糖，太妃糖 □ for toffee  (prec. by 前接 can't etc.) Brit. colloq. (denoting incompetence) at all [英口] (表示无能)根本不，一点也不  they couldn't sing for toffee  他们根本不会唱歌 [later variant of TAFFY]

toffee apple n. Brit.  an apple with a thin coating of toffee [英]涂有一层太妃糖的苹果

toffee-nosed adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  snobbish, pretentious [尤英口]势力眼的；自命不凡的

toft /tɒft/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a homestead 宅地 2  land once occupied by this 屋基 [Old English from Old Norse topt]

tofu /ˈtəʊfu:/ n. (esp. in China and Japan) a curd made from mashed soya beans (尤指在中国和日本把大豆压碎后制成的)豆腐 [Japanese tōfu from Chinese dòufu, = rotten beans]

tog1 /tɒɡ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an item of clothing 衣服 ●v. tr. & intr. (togged, togging) (foll. by 后跟 out, up)  dress, esp. elaborately 穿衣(尤指穿盛装) [apparently abbreviation of 16th-c. criminals' slang togeman(s), togman, from French toge or Latin toga: see TOGA]

tog2 /tɒɡ/ n. Brit.  a unit of thermal resistance used to express the insulating properties of clothes and quilts [英]托格(衣服和被褥等的隔热或保暖性单位) [TOG1, on the pattern of an earlier unit, the clo (from clothes)]

toga /ˈtəʊɡə/ n. hist.  an ancient Roman citizen's loose flowing outer garment [史义]托加袍(古代罗马市民穿的宽松外套) □ toga'd  adj. (also 亦作 togaed)   [Latin, related to tegere ‘to cover’]

together /təˈɡeðə/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  in company or conjunction 在一起，在一块儿；合力地，共同地  walking together  走在一起 built it together  共同把它建立起来 were at school together  在一块儿上学 2  simultaneously; at the same time 同时；一齐  both shouted together  两人同时叫喊 3  one with another 互相地  were talking together  相互交谈 4  into conjunction; so as to unite 集拢来，召集起来  tied them together  把他们捆扎起来 put two and two together  综合起来推断 5  into company or companionship 到一起  came together in friendship  友好地走到了一起 6  uninterruptedly 连续地，接连不断地  could talk for hours together  可以连续地谈上几个小时 ●adj. colloq.  well organized or controlled [口]组织得很好的；协调的 □ together with   as well as; and also 和；连同；加之 [Old English tōgœdere, from TO + gœdre ‘together’]

togetherness /təˈɡeðənis/ n.  1  the condition of being together 在一起 2  a feeling of comfort from being together 和睦相处，亲密无间

toggery /ˈtɒɡ(ə)ri/ n. colloq.  clothes, togs [口]衣服，服装

toggle /ˈtɒɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a device for fastening (esp. a garment), consisting of a crosspiece which can pass through a hole or loop in one position but not in another (尤指用来系衣服的)棒形纽扣 2  a pin or other crosspiece put through the eye of a rope, a link of a chain, etc., to keep it in place (穿过绳眼或链条环使之固定的)绳针，套索钉 3  a pivoted barb on a harpoon (鱼叉上的)倒钩 4 Computing  a key or command that is operated the same way but with opposite effect on successive occasions 【计算】(按同一方式操作但产生相反效果的)双态元件 ●v.  1 tr.  provide or fasten with a toggle 用(绳针)系紧，拴牢 2 intr. Computing  switch from one state to another by using a toggle 【计算】给…配备双态元件 [18th-c. nautical: origin unknown]

toggle joint n.  a device for exerting pressure along two jointed rods by applying a transverse force at the joint 肘接，弯头接合

toggle switch n.  1  an electric switch with a projecting lever to be moved usu. up and down 拨动开关，钮子开关 2 Computing 【计算】  = TOGGLEn. 4 

Togo   多哥

Togolese /təʊɡə(ʊ)ˈli:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Togo in W. Africa (西非)多哥的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or national of Togo 多哥人 2  a person of Togolese descent 多哥后裔

toil /tɔil/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  work laboriously or incessantly 苦干，辛勤劳作 2  make slow painful progress 艰苦地行动；艰难地行走  toiled along the path  沿着小路艰难地行走 ●n.  prolonged or intensive labour; drudgery 辛苦，劳累；苦活，难事 □ toiler  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French toiler (v.), toil (n.) ‘dispute’, Old French tooilier, tooil from Latin tudiculare ‘stir about’, from tudicula ‘machine for bruising olives’, related to tundere ‘beat’]

toile /twɑ:l/ n.  1  cloth esp. for garments (尤指可做衣服的)薄亚麻织物 2  a garment reproduced in muslin or other cheap material for fitting or for making copies (用平纹细布等廉价织物做的)样品服装 [French toile ‘cloth’ from Latin tela ‘web’]

toilet /ˈtɔilit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  = LAVATORY  2  a  the process of washing oneself, dressing, etc. 梳洗打扮  make one's toilet  进行一番梳洗打扮b (作 attrib.)  for or to enable this process 梳洗打扮的  toilet requisites  梳洗打扮的一些必需品 3  the cleansing of part of the body after an operation or at the time of childbirth (手术后或分娩后的)创口洗涤 ●v. tr. (toileted, toileting)  assist (an infant, invalid, etc.) in using a lavatory 照料(孩子、病人等)上厕所 [French toilette ‘cloth, wrapper’, diminutive of toile: see TOILE]

toilet bag n.  = WASHBAG 

toilet paper n.  paper for cleaning oneself after excreting (便后的)手纸，卫生纸

toilet roll n.  a roll of toilet paper 手纸卷，卫生纸卷

toiletry /ˈtɔilitri/ n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of various articles or cosmetics used in washing, dressing, etc. (梳洗打扮等用的)化妆品

toilet set n.  a set of hairbrushes, combs, etc. (一套)梳妆用具(发刷、梳子等)

toilet soap n.  soap for washing oneself 香皂

toilet table n.  a dressing table usu. with a mirror (常有镜子的)梳妆台

toilette /twɑ:ˈlet/ n.  = TOILET 2  [French: see TOILET]

toilet tissue n.  = TOILET PAPER 

toilet-training n.  the training of a young child to use the lavatory (对儿童的)大小便训练 □ toilet-train  v. tr.  

toilet water n.  a dilute form of perfume used after washing (梳洗后用的)花露水

toils /tɔilz/ n. pl. archaic or literary  a net or snare [古义] [文学用语]罗网，陷阱，圈套 [pl. of toil from Old French toile ‘cloth’, from Latin tela ‘web’]

toilsome /ˈtɔils(ə)m/ adj.  involving toil; laborious 辛苦的，劳累的 □ toilsomely  adv.  □ toilsomeness  n.  

toil-worn adj.  worn or worn out by toil 劳累的，疲惫不堪的

toing and froing /tu:iŋ (ə)nd ˈfrəʊiŋ/ n. (pl. toings and froings)  constant movement to and fro; bustle; dispersed activity 来来回回，往往复复；忙乱 [TO adv. + FRO + -ING1]

tokamak /ˈtəʊkəmæk/ n. Physics  a toroidal apparatus for producing controlled fusion reactions in hot plasma 【物理学】托卡马克(用电流控制等离子体的环状实验装置) [Russian acronym, from toroidal'naya kamera s magnitnym polem ‘toroidal chamber with magnetic field’]

Tokay /təʊˈkei/ n.  1  a sweet aromatic wine made near Tokaj in Hungary 托考伊甜葡萄酒(产于匈牙利托考伊附近) 2  a similar wine produced elsewhere (产于其他地方的)仿托考伊甜葡萄酒

tokay /təʊˈkei/ n. (in full 全称 tokay gecko)  a large grey gecko with orange and blue spots, Gekko gecko, of SE Asia, which has a loud call resembling the name (产于东南亚的)小壁虎 [Malay dialect toke' from Javanese tekèk, imitative]

token /ˈtəʊk(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a thing serving as a symbol, reminder, or distinctive mark of something 表示；象征；记号；标志  as a token of affection  作为爱慕的表示 in token of my esteem  以示我的尊敬 2  a thing serving as evidence of authenticity or as a guarantee 证明；信物 3  a voucher exchangeable for goods (often of a specified kind), given as a gift (可换取商品的，作为礼品赠送的)票券，礼券，代价券 4  anything used to represent something else, esp. a metal disc etc. used instead of money in coin-operated machines etc. (用来代表任何东西的，尤指用于投币机的)金属圆形代币，筹码，专用辅币 ●attrib. adj.  1  nominal or perfunctory 名义上的；装装样子的  token effort  装装样子的努力 2  conducted briefly to demonstrate strength of feeling 表表心意的；简单表示的；象征意义的  token resistance  象征性的抵抗 token strike  简单表示一下的罢工 3  serving to acknowledge a principle only 象征意义的  token payment  象征性的付酬 4  chosen by way of tokenism to represent a particular group 装点门面的  the token woman on the committee  委员会里那位装点门面的妇女 □ by this (or the same) token   1  similarly 同样地；由于同样原因 2  moreover 而且，此外 [Old English tɑˉc(e)n from Germanic: related to TEACH]

tokenism /ˈtəʊk(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1 esp. Polit.  the principle or practice of granting minimum concessions, esp. to appease radical demands etc. (cf. 参见 TOKEN adj. 4) (尤)【政治】装点门面主义(尤指对较激进的要求采取的绥靖政策) 2  making only a token effort 表面文章，装装样子 □ tokenistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

token money n.  coins having a higher face value than their worth as metal (币面价值高于实际价值的)名目货币，符号货币

token vote n.  a parliamentary vote of money, the stipulated amount of which is not meant to be binding (指议会的拨款数目不受约束的)象征性拨款表决

Tokyo /ˈtəukjəu/ n.  东京 [日本首都]

tolbooth var.  of TOLL-BOOTH  TOLL-BOOTH 的变体

told past and past part.  of TELL1 

Toledo /tɒˈleidəʊ, təˈli:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a fine sword or sword blade made in Toledo in Spain 托莱多剑(指西班牙托莱多城铸造的剑)

tolerable /ˈtɒl(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be endured 可忍受的，可容忍的 2  fairly good; mediocre 尚好的，还可以的；过得去的 □ tolerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ tolerableness  n.  □ tolerably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin tolerabilis (as TOLERATE)]

tolerance /ˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  a willingness or ability to tolerate; forbearance 忍受；容忍；宽容 2  the capacity to tolerate something, esp. a drug, transplant, antigen, environmental condition, etc., without adverse reaction 忍耐力；耐受性(尤指对药品、移植、抗原、环境条件等不会产生负面反应的耐性) 3  an allowable variation in any measurable property (指定量的)允许变量 4  diminution in response to a drug after continued use (指连续服药后的)药减量 [Middle English via Old French from Latin tolerantia (as TOLERATE)]

tolerant /ˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)nt/ adj.  1  disposed or accustomed to tolerate others or their acts or opinions (对他人的行为或观点)容忍的；宽容的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  enduring or patient 忍耐的；耐心的 □ tolerantly  adv.   [French tolérant from Latin tolerare (as TOLERATE)]

tolerate /ˈtɒləreit/ v. tr.  1  allow the existence or occurrence of without authoritative interference 宽容；容忍 2  leave unmolested 不干预；不骚扰 3  endure or permit, esp. with forbearance 宽容；允许 4  sustain or endure (suffering etc.) 经受，遭受(痛苦等) 5  be capable of continued subjection to (a drug, radiation, etc.) without harm (对药物、放射性物质等)有抵抗力，有免疫力 6  find or treat as endurable 容许；宽恕 □ tolerator  n.   [Latin tolerare tolerat- ‘endure’]

toleration /tɒləˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the process or practice of tolerating, esp. the allowing of differences in religious opinion without discrimination 容许，宽容(尤指不带歧视地允许各种不同的宗教观点) [French tolération from Latin toleratio (as TOLERATE)]

toll1 /təʊl/ n.  1  a charge payable for permission to pass a barrier or use a bridge or road etc. (通过障碍、桥梁或道路等的)通行费 2  the cost or damage caused by a disaster, battle, etc., or incurred in an achievement (付出的)代价；(遭受的)损失；(灾难、战争等造成的)死亡人数  death toll  死亡人数 3 N. Amer.  a charge for a long distance telephone call [北美] (长途)电话费 □ take its toll   be accompanied by loss or injury etc. 造成损失(或伤害等) [Old English via medieval Latin toloneum and Late Latin teloneum from Greek telōnion ‘toll-house’, from telos ‘tax’]

toll2 /təʊl/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (of a bell) sound with a slow uniform succession of strokes (指钟)缓慢而有规律地鸣响b tr.  ring (a bell) in this way 敲(钟)，鸣(钟)c tr. (of a bell) announce or mark (a death etc.) in this way (鸣钟)报(丧等) 2 tr.  strike (the hour) 报(时) ●n.  1  the act of tolling 钟声 2  a stroke of a bell 敲钟，鸣钟 [Middle English, special use of (now dialect) toll ‘entice, pull’, from an Old English root recorded in fortyllan ‘seduce’]

toll-booth n. (also 亦作 tolbooth)  1  a booth at the roadside from which tolls are collected (路边的)收费亭，收费处 2 Sc. archaic  a town hall [苏格兰古义]市政厅 3 Sc. archaic  a town jail [苏格兰古义]监狱

toll bridge n.  a bridge at which a toll is charged 收费大桥

toll gate n.  a gate preventing passage until a toll is paid 收费站，收费处

toll-house n.  a house at a toll gate or toll bridge, used by a toll collector 收费亭，收费处

tollroad /ˈtəʊlrəʊd, ˈtɒl-/ n.  a road maintained by the tolls collected on it 收费道路

Toltec /ˈtɒltek/ n.  1  a member of an American Indian people that flourished in Mexico before the Aztecs 托尔特克人(阿兹特克人之前在墨西哥占统治地位的美洲印第安人) 2  the language of this people 托尔特克语 □ Toltecan  adj.   [Nahuatl]

tolu /təˈlu:, ˈtəʊlu:/ n.  a fragrant brown balsam obtained from either of two S. American trees, Myroxylon balsamum or M. toluifera, and used in perfumery and medicine 托鲁香脂(从南美香脂树中获得，用于制造止咳糖浆和香料等) [Santiago de Tolu in Colombia, from which it was exported]

toluene /ˈtɒljʊi:n/ n.  a colourless aromatic liquid hydrocarbon derivative of benzene, originally obtained from tolu, used in the manufacture of explosives etc. Also called 亦称作 methyl benzene 甲苯(有香味的无色液体，苯的衍生物，源于托鲁香脂，可用于制造炸药等) □ toluic  adj.  □ toluol  n.   [TOLU + -ENE]

Tom /tɒm/   汤姆 [人名]

tom /tɒm/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a male of various animals, esp. (in full 全称 tom-cat) a male cat 雄性动物(尤指公猫) 2 slang  a prostitute [俚语]妓女 ●v. intr. (tommed, tomming) slang  practise prostitution; behave promiscuously [俚语]卖淫 [abbreviation of the name Thomas]

tomahawk /ˈtɒməhɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a N. American Indian axe with a stone or iron head, esp. one used as a weapon (尤指北美印第安人作武器用的)印第安战斧 2 Austral.  a hatchet [澳]短柄小斧 ●v. tr.  strike, cut, or kill with a tomahawk 用战斧劈(砍、斩) [American Indian word]

tomatillo /tɒməˈtil(j)əʊ/ n. (pl. -os) esp. US [尤美]  1  a purplish edible fruit 粘果酸浆(一种可食用的淡紫色水果) 2  a Mexican ground cherry, Physalis philadelphica, bearing this (结有粘果的)墨西哥樱桃 [Spanish, diminutive of tomate TOMATO]

tomato /təˈmɑ:təʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a glossy red or yellow pulpy edible fruit 番茄，西红柿 2  a plant of the nightshade family, Lycopersicon esculentum, bearing this 结番茄的茄属植物 □ tomatoey  adj.   [French, Spanish & Portuguese tomate from Mexican tomatl]

tomb /tu:m/ n.  1  a large esp. underground vault for the burial of the dead (尤指埋葬死者的圆穹形)坟墓 2  an enclosure cut in the earth or in rock to receive a dead body (埋葬尸体的)墓坑，墓穴 3  a sepulchral monument 墓碑 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  the state of death 死亡 [Middle English t(o)umbe via Anglo-French tumbe, Old French tombe and Late Latin tumba from Greek tumbos]

tombac /ˈtɒmbæk/ n.  an alloy of copper and zinc used esp. as material for cheap jewellery 顿巴合金(铜锌合金，尤用于做廉价首饰) [French from Malay tembaga ‘copper’]

tombola /tɒmˈbəʊlə/ n. Brit.  a kind of lottery with tickets usu. drawn from a turning drum-shaped container for immediate prizes, esp. at a fête or fair [英]“翻筋斗”赌戏(尤指在游园会或庙会上进行的一种从旋转着的鼓中抽彩票的抽彩给奖赌戏) [French or Italian, from Italian tombolare ‘tumble’]

tombolo /ˈtɒmbələʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a spit joining an island to the mainland (把岛屿和陆地连接起来的)沙颈岬，陆连岛 [Italian, = sand dune]

tomboy /ˈtɒmbɔi/ n.  a girl who behaves in a usu. boyish boisterous way (指常像男孩子一样爱玩闹的)姑娘，假小子 □ tomboyish  adj.  □ tomboyishness  n.  

tombstone /ˈtu:mstəʊn/ n.  a stone standing or laid over a grave, usu. with an epitaph (常刻有墓志铭的)墓石，墓碑

tom-cat  see 见 TOM n. 1 

Tom Collins  see 见 COLLINS  [20th c.: origin unknown]

Tom, Dick, and Harry /ˌtɒm dik (ə)nd ˈhæri/ n. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 any, every) usu. derog.  ordinary people taken at random [通常贬]张三，李四，王五；普通人；任何人

tome /təʊm/ n.  a large heavy book or volume (多卷本著作的)册，分册，卷 [French via Latin tomus from Greek tomos ‘section, volume’, from temnō ‘to cut’]

-tome /təʊm/ comb. form forming nouns meaning [构词成分]构成名词，意为 :  1  an instrument for cutting (microtome 显微切片刀) (表示切割工具的)刀 2  a section or segment 片，节 [Greek tomē ‘a cutting’, -tomos ‘-cutting’, from temnō ‘to cut’]

tomentum /təˈmentəm/ n. (pl. tomenta /-tə/)  1 Bot.  matted woolly down on stems and leaves 【植】(枝干和树叶上的)绒毛 2 Anat.  the tufted inner surface of the pia mater in the brain 【解】大脑绒被 □ tomentose  /təˈmentəʊs, ˈtəʊ-/ adj.  □ tomentous  adj.   [Latin, = cushion-stuffing]

tomfool /tɒmˈfu:l/ n.  1  a foolish person 傻瓜，大笨蛋 2 (作 attrib.)  silly, foolish 傻的，愚蠢的  a tomfool idea  愚蠢的想法

tomfoolery /tɒmˈfu:l(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  foolish behaviour; nonsense 愚蠢行为；傻话 2  an instance of this 蠢事；傻话

Tommy /ˈtɒmi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  a British private soldier [口]英国兵 [Tommy (Thomas) Atkins, a name used in specimens of completed official forms]

tommy bar n.  a short bar for use with a box spanner (套筒扳手的)旋转棒

tommy-gun n.  a type of sub-machine gun 汤姆枪，冲锋枪 [named after J. T. Thompson, US Army officer d. 1940, its co-inventor]

tommyrot /ˈtɒmirɒt/ n. slang  nonsense [俚语]胡说，废话

tommy ruff  see 见 RUFF2 2 

tomogram /ˈtəʊməɡræm, ˈtɒm-/ n.  a record obtained by tomography X 线体层照片

tomography /təˈmɒɡrəfi/ n.  a method of radiography displaying details in a selected plane within the body X 射线体层照相(放射性照片法，用以显示体内某一局部位置的细节) [Greek tomē ‘a cutting’ + -GRAPHY]

tomorrow /təˈmɒrəʊ/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  on the day after today 在明天，在明日 2  at some future time 在(不久的)将来 ●n.  1  the day after today 明天，明日 2  the near future (不久的)将来，来日 □ tomorrow morning (or afternoon etc.)   in the morning (or afternoon etc.) of tomorrow 明天上午(或下午)□ tomorrow week  esp. Brit.  a week from tomorrow [尤英]下星期的明天 [TO + MORROW: cf. TODAY]

tompion var.  of TAMPION  TAMPION 的变体

Tom Thumb n.  1  a very short male person 矮男人，男侏儒 2 (also 亦作 tom thumb)  a  a dwarf variety of cultivated flower or vegetable 矮小植物(如某些花或蔬菜类)b  a small wild flower, esp. bird's-foot trefoil 小野花(尤指牛角花) [the name of the tiny hero of a nursery tale]

tomtit /ˈtɒmtit/ n.  a tit, esp. a blue tit (尤指一种蓝色的)山雀

tom-tom /ˈtɒmtɒm/ n.  1  a primitive drum beaten with the hands (较原始的)手鼓 2  a tall drum beaten with the hands and used in jazz bands etc. (爵士乐队中的)大手鼓 [Hindi tamtam, imitative]

-tomy /təmi/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting cutting, esp. in surgery (laparotomy 剖腹术) [构词成分]构成名词表示“切割”(尤指外科手术) [Greek -tomia ‘cutting’ from temnō ‘to cut’]

ton1 /tʌn/ n.  1 (in full 全称 long ton)  a unit of weight equal to 2,240 lb avoirdupois (1016.05 kg) 长吨(重量单位，等于 2,240 磅或 1016.05 千克) 2 (in full 全称 short ton) esp. N. Amer.  a unit of weight equal to 2,000 lb avoirdupois (907.19 kg) [尤北美]短吨(重量单位，等于 2,000 磅或 907.19 千克) 3  = METRIC TON  4  a (in full 全称 displacement ton)  a unit of measurement of a ship's weight or volume in terms of its displacement of water with the loadline just immersed, equal to 2,240 lb or 35 cu. ft (0.99 cubic metres) (轮船的)排水吨(等于 2,240 磅或 35 立方英尺 /0.99 立方米)b (in full 全称 freight ton)  a unit of weight or volume of cargo, equal to a metric ton (1,000 kg) or 40 cu. ft 载货吨，容积吨(等于 1,000 公斤或 40 立方英尺) 5  a (in full 全称 gross ton)  a unit of gross internal capacity, equal to 100 cu. ft (2.83 cubic metres) 总吨(船的容积单位，等于 100 立方英尺或 2.83 立方米)b (in full 全称 net or register ton)  an equivalent unit of net internal capacity 净吨，登记吨(船只的登记容积单位) 6  a unit of refrigerating power able to freeze 2,000 lb of water at 0°C in 24 hours 冷吨(表示制冷能力的单位，在 24 小时内将 2,000 磅水降温到 0°C) 7  a measure of capacity for various materials, esp. 40 cu. ft of timber 各种货物装载量(尤指 40 立方英尺的木材) 8 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a large number or amount [口]大量，许多  tons of money  大量的钱 9 esp. Brit. slang [尤英] [俚语]  a  a speed of 100 m.p.h. 每小时 100 英里的速度b  a sum of £ 100 100 英镑c  a score of 100 100 分 □ weigh a ton  colloq.  be very heavy [口]很重，很有分量 [originally the same word as TUN: differentiated in the 17th c.]

ton2 /tɒ˜, 法 tɔ˜/ n.  1  a prevailing mode or fashion 流行时尚；时髦 2  fashionable society 时髦社会 [French]

tonal /ˈtəʊn(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to tone or tonality 音调的；声调的 2 Mus. (of a fugue etc.) having repetitions of the subject at different pitches in the same key 【音】(指赋格曲等)调性的 □ tonally  adv.   [medieval Latin tonalis (as TONE)]

tonality /tə(ʊ)ˈnæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Mus. 【音】  a  the relationship between the tones of a musical scale 音调；声调b  the observance of a single tonic key as the basis of a composition 调性(单个音调键的设定，以作为作曲的基础) 2  the tone or colour scheme of a picture (画的)色调

tondo /ˈtɒndəʊ/ n. (pl. tondi /-di/)  a circular painting or relief 圆形画；圆形浮雕 [Italian, = round (plate), via rotondo from Latin rotundus ‘round’]

tone /təʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a musical or vocal sound, esp. with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength 音；乐音；口声；(尤指音乐的)音色，音品，音质 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  modulation of the voice expressing a particular feeling or mood (表达特定情感或情绪的)语气，口气；腔调；调子  a cheerful tone  欢快的调子 suspicious tones  怀疑的语气 3  a manner of expression in writing (写作的)风格，方式 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a musical sound, esp. of a definite pitch and character (尤指音质明显的)乐音b  an interval of a major second, e.g. C － D 全音，全音程(如 C 至 D) 5  a  the general effect of colour or of light and shade in a picture (画的)色调；明暗b  the tint or shade of a colour (颜色的)底色，阴影 6  a  the prevailing character of the morals and sentiments etc. in a group (群体中的)道德风气；精神面貌；心境b  an attitude or sentiment expressed esp. in a letter etc. (尤指书信等中所表达的)态度；格调；情绪 7  the proper firmness or functioning of bodily organs or tissues (身体器官或肌体组织的)正常健康状况 8  a state of good or specified health or quality 健康活力；强健 9 Phonet. 【语音】  a  an accent on one syllable of a word (单词中的)重音b  a way of pronouncing a word or syllable with a specific intonation to distinguish it from others of a similar sound 声调；语调(某一单词或音节发音时的特定音调，用以区别其他的类似音)  Mandarin Chinese has four tones  标准汉语有 4 种声调 ●v.  1 tr.  give the desired tone to 给…定调子 2 tr.  modify the tone of 给…调音，定音调 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  attune 使合拍，使协调 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  be in harmony (esp. of colour) (尤指颜色)与…和谐，相配  does not tone with the wallpaper  与墙纸颜色不配 5 tr. Photog.  give (a monochrome picture) an altered colour in finishing by means of a chemical solution 【摄】(通过化学溶液)改变(照片的)颜色 6 intr.  undergo a change in colour by toning 使改色；使改调 □ tone down   1  make or become softer in tone of sound or colour 使(声音)变缓和；使(色彩)变柔和 2  make (a statement etc.) less harsh or emphatic 使(说话等)降低调子□ tone up   1  make or become stronger in tone of sound or colour 使(声音)变大声有力；使(色彩)变强烈 2  make (a statement etc.) more emphatic 使(话语等)语气加强□ toneless  adj.  □ tonelessly  adv.  □ toner  n.   [Middle English via Old French ton or Latin tonus from Greek tonos ‘tension, tone’, from teinō ‘stretch’]

tone arm n.  the movable arm supporting the pick-up of a record player (唱机的)拾音器臂，唱臂

toneburst /ˈtəʊnbɜ:st/ n.  an audio signal used in testing the transient response of audio components (用以测试音频瞬变反应的)音频信号

tone control n.  a switch for varying the proportion of high and low frequencies in reproduced sound 音调调节控制开关

tone-deaf adj.  unable to perceive differences of musical pitch accurately 不能准确辨别音高的 □ tone-deafness  n.  

toneme /ˈtəʊni:m/ n. Phonet.  a phoneme distinguished from another only by its tone 【语音】(仅仅通过音调区别于其他音素的)调素，调位 □ tonemic  /-ˈni:mik/ adj.   [TONE, on the pattern of phoneme]

tonepad /ˈtəʊnpæd/ n.  a device for communicating with a computer over a telephone line using electronically recognized sounds 语音通讯板(通过电话线使用电子识别语音与计算机进行通讯的装置)

tone poem n.  = SYMPHONIC POEM 

toner /ˈtəʊnə/ n.  1  a chemical bath for toning a photographic print (印制照片的)调色剂，增色剂 2  a powder used in xerographic copying processes (静电复印中使用的)色粉 3  a cosmetic preparation for toning the skin (化妆皮肤的)上色剂

tone-row n.  = SERIES 8 

tong1 /tɒŋ/ n.  a Chinese guild, association, or secret society (中国旧时的)帮会 [Chinese tang ‘meeting place’]

tong2 /tɒŋ/ v. tr. (tonged, tonging)  1  style (the hair) using curling tongs 用卷发钳烫(头发) 2  collect (oysters etc.) using tongs 用夹具捕集(牡蛎等)

Tonga   汤加

tonga /ˈtɒŋɡə/ n.  a light horse-drawn two-wheeled vehicle used in India (印度的)轻便双轮马车 [Hindi tɑˉngɑˉ]

Tongan /ˈtɒŋən, ˈtɒŋɡən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the island of Tonga in the S. Pacific or its people or language 汤加的；汤加人的；汤加语的(汤加是南太平洋上的一个岛国) ●n.  1  a native or national of Tonga 汤加人 2  the Polynesian language spoken in Tonga 汤加语(波利尼西亚语的一个分支) [Tonga + -AN]

tongs /tɒŋz/ n. pl. (also 亦作 pair of tongs sing.)  an instrument with two hinged or sprung arms for grasping and holding 钳子，夹具 [pl. of tong from Old English tang(e), from Germanic]

tongue /tʌŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the fleshy muscular organ in the mouth used in tasting, licking, and swallowing, and (in man) for speech 舌，舌头(口中的肉质器官，用来品尝、舔食和吞咽东西，以及讲话) 2  the tongue of an ox etc. as food (用作食物的)牛舌(猪舌等), 口条 3  the faculty of or a tendency in speech 说话能力；说话方式  a sharp tongue  说话尖刻 4  a particular language (特定的某种)语言  the German tongue  德语 5  a thing like a tongue in shape or position, esp. 舌状物，尤指 :a  a long low promontory 伸入海中的狭长陆地，岬b  a strip of leather etc., attached at one end only, under the laces in a shoe (鞋带下只有一端连住的)鞋舌c  the clapper of a bell 钟锤，铃锤d  the pin of a buckle 别针，饰针e  the projecting strip on a wooden etc. board fitting into the groove of another (一块木板嵌入另一块木板的凹槽的)榫舌f  a vibrating slip in the reed of some musical instruments (某些管簧乐器的)簧舌，簧片g  a jet of flame 火舌 ●v. (tongues, tongued, tonguing) Mus. 【音】  1 tr.  produce staccato etc. effects with (a flute etc.) by means of tonguing 用运舌法在(笛子等管乐器)上吹出音调 2 intr.  use the tongue in this way 用运舌法吹奏 □ find (or lose) one's tongue   be able (or unable) to express oneself after a shock etc. (在惊吓等之后)能(或不能)说话□ the gift of tongues   the power of speaking in unknown languages, regarded as one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2) (圣灵所赐的)口才(指能够用自己不懂的语言说话)□ keep a civil tongue in one's head   avoid rudeness 避免粗鲁，讲礼貌□ with one's tongue hanging out   eagerly or expectantly 渴望着，期待着□ with one's tongue in one's cheek   insincerely or ironically 无诚意地，假心假意地；挖苦地□ tongued  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ tongueless  adj.   [Old English tunge from Germanic: related to Latin lingua]

tongue-and-groove n. & v. ●n. (often 常作 attrib.)  planking etc. with a projecting strip down one side and a groove down the other 舌榫榫槽式接合 ●v. tr.  1  panel with tongue-and-groove 用舌槽式嵌入 2 (as 作 tongued and grooved adj.)  having a tongue-and-groove joint 舌槽式接合的

tongue-in-cheek adj. & adv. ●adj.  ironic; slyly humorous 挖苦的；讽刺的 ●adv.  insincerely or ironically 无诚意地，假心假意地；挖苦地

tongue-lashing n.  a severe scolding or reprimand 严斥，严厉谴责

tongue-tie n.  a speech impediment due to a malformation of the tongue (因舌头系带短缩而形成的)结舌，盘舌

tongue-tied adj.  1  too shy or embarrassed to speak (因过于羞怯或尴尬)说不出话的，张口结舌的 2  having a tongue-tie 结舌的

tongue-twister n.  a sequence of words difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly (很难快速而正确地发音的)绕口令

tonguing /ˈtʌŋiŋ/ n. Mus.  the technique of playing a wind instrument using the tongue to articulate certain notes 【音】(吹奏管乐器时所用的)运舌法

Toni /ˈtəuni/   托妮 [人名]

tonic /ˈtɒnik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an invigorating medicine 强壮药，补药 2  anything serving to invigorate 增强力量的东西；有兴奋作用的东西 3  = TONIC WATER  4 Mus.  the first degree of a scale, forming the keynote of a piece (see 见 KEYNOTE 3) 【音】主音 ●adj.  1  serving as a tonic; invigorating 滋补的，强身的 2 Mus.  denoting the first degree of a scale 【音】主音的 3  a  producing tension, esp. of the muscles (尤指肌肉)紧张的b  restoring normal tone to organs (器官)恢复正常的 □ tonically  adv.   [French tonique from Greek tonikos (as TONE)]

tonic accent n. Phonet.  an accent marked by a change of pitch within a syllable 【语音】(同一音节中音质改变的)声调重音

tonicity /tə(ʊ)ˈnisiti/ n.  1  the state of being tonic 强壮，强健 2  a healthy elasticity of muscles etc. (肌肉等的)弹性，张力性

tonic sol-fa n. Mus.  a system of notation used esp. in teaching singing, with doh as the keynote of all major keys and lah as the keynote of all minor keys 【音】(尤指教人唱歌时的)首调唱名法 (doh 是所有大部分的主音 , lah 是所有小音阶的主音)

tonic spasm n.  continuous muscular contraction (cf. 参见 CLONUS) (肌肉的)强直性痉挛，紧张性痉挛

tonic water n.  a carbonated soft drink containing quinine 奎宁水，开胃水(加有奎宁的碳酸软饮料)

tonight /təˈnait/ adv. & n. ●adv.  on the present or approaching evening or night 在今夜，在今晚 ●n.  the evening or night of the present day 今夜，今晚 [TO + NIGHT: cf. TODAY]

tonka bean /ˈtɒŋkə/ n.  the black fragrant seed of a S. American tree, Dipteryx odorata, used in perfumery etc. 零陵香豆(南美洲的零陵树所产的黑色香豆，可用来制作香水等) [Carib tonka from Tupi tõka]

ton-mile n.  one ton of goods carried one mile, as a unit of traffic 吨－英里(一种交通运输统计单位，指运输了 1 英里的 1 吨货物)

tonnage /ˈtʌnidʒ/ n.  1  a ship's internal cubic capacity or freight-carrying capacity measured in tons (表示轮船运载货物量大小的)吨位 2  the total carrying capacity esp. of a country's mercantile marine (尤指一国船舶载重量总吨数的)吨位 3  a charge per ton on freight or cargo (对每吨货物征收的)吨通行费，吨通过税 [originally in sense ‘duty on a tun of wine’: Old French tonnage from tonne TUN: later from TON1]

tonne /tʌn/ n.  = METRIC TON  [French: see TUN]■Usage 用法说明 The pronunciations /tɒn/ (rhymes with gone) and /ˈtʌni/ (‘tunny’) are sometimes used to distinguish the metric tonne from the imperial ton in speech. 发音 /tɒn/ (与 gone 押韵)和 /ˈtʌni/ (‘tunny’) 有时在口语中用来区分“公吨”和“英吨”。 

tonneau /ˈtɒnəʊ/ n.  the part of a motor car occupied by the back seats, esp. in an open car (尤指敞篷汽车的)后排座位部分 [French, literally ‘cask, tun’]

tonneau cover n.  a removable flexible cover for the seats in an open car, boat, etc., when they are not in use (当敞篷汽车或船只等不使用时可以收起的)座位篷盖

tonometer /tə(ʊ)ˈnɒmitə/ n.  1 Mus.  a tuning fork or other instrument for measuring the pitch of tones 【音】(测定音调高低度的)音调计 2 Med.  an instrument for measuring the pressure in the eyeball (to test for glaucoma) or that in a blood vessel etc. 【医】测压计，压力计(尤指眼压计或血压计) [formed as TONE + -METER]

tonsil /ˈtɒns(ə)l, ˈtɒnsil/ n.  either of two small masses of lymphoid tissue, one on each side of the root of the tongue 扁桃体(舌头根部两边淋巴组织的小肿块) □ tonsillar  adj.   [French tonsilles or Latin tonsillae (pl.)]

tonsillectomy /tɒnsiˈlektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of the tonsils 扁桃体切除术

tonsillitis /tɒnsiˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the tonsils 扁桃体炎

tonsorial /tɒnˈsɔ:riəl/ adj. usu. joc.  of or relating to a hairdresser or hairdressing [通常诙]理发的；理发师的 [Latin tonsorius, via tonsor ‘barber’ from tondēre tons- ‘to shave’]

tonsure /ˈtɒnsjə, ˈtɒnʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the shaving of the crown of the head or the entire head, esp. of a person entering a priesthood or monastic order (尤指初入教会或寺院时的)削发；削发仪式 2  a bare patch made in this way (教士或僧侣)头顶的剃光部分，光顶；秃顶 ●v. tr.  give a tonsure to 为…削发 [Middle English from Old French tonsure or Latin tonsura (as TONSORIAL)]

tontine /tɒnˈti:n, ˈtɒn-/ n.  an annuity shared by subscribers to a loan, the shares increasing as subscribers die until the last survivor gets all, or until a specified date when the remaining survivors share the proceeds 汤鼎氏养老金制，联合养老制(指参加者共同使用一笔基金，生者的份额随死者的增加而增加，最后的生者享受所剩的全部储金) [French, from the name of Lorenzo Tonti of Naples, originator of tontines in France c. 1653]

ton-up n. & adj. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●n.  a speed of 100 m.p.h 每小时 100 英里的速度 ●attrib. adj.  1 (of a motorcyclist) achieving this, esp. habitually and recklessly (尤指摩托车手)达到每小时 100 英里速度的  ton-up kid  速度达到每小时 100 英里的摩托车小子 2  fond or capable of travelling at high speed 喜欢(或能够)高速开车的，喜欢开飞车的

Tony /ˈtəuni/   托尼 [人名]

tony /ˈtəʊni/ adj. (tonier, toniest) US colloq.  having ‘tone’; stylish, fashionable [美口]有“品味”的，高贵的；豪华的；时髦的

too /tu:/ adv.  1  to a greater extent than is desirable, permissible, or possible for a specified or understood purpose 太，过于  too colourful for my taste  色彩太重，不合我口味 too large to fit  太大而不合适 2 colloq.  extremely [口]很，非常，极其  you're too kind  你的心太好了 3  in addition 也；还  are they coming too?  他们也来吗？ 4  moreover 而且，此外  we must consider, too, the time of year  此外，我们还得考虑到这一年的时间 □ none too   1  rather less than 不怎么样  feeling none too good  感觉不怎么好 2  barely 简直，几乎□ too bad   see 见 BAD □ too much, too much for   see 见 MUCH □ too right   see 见 RIGHT  [stressed form of TO, spelt too since 16th c.]

toodle-oo /tu:d(ə)lˈu:/ int. colloq.  goodbye [口]再见 [perhaps from French ɑˋ tout ɑˋ l'heure ‘see you soon’]

took past  of TAKE  

tool /tu:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any device or implement used to carry out mechanical functions whether manually or by a machine 工具，器具，用具 2  a thing used in an occupation or pursuit 起工具作用的东西；方法，手段  the tools of one's trade  干某一行的手段 literary tools  文学工具 3  a person used as a mere instrument by another 被人用作工具的人，爪牙，走狗 4 coarse slang  the penis [粗俗俚语]阴茎 5  a  a distinct design in the tooling of a book (书籍压印的)图案b  a small stamp or roller used to make this (压印书籍图案的)压印器 ●v. tr.  1  dress (stone) with a chisel 用凿子修整(石块) 2  impress a design on (a leather book cover) 在(书籍封皮上)压印 3 (foll. by 后跟 along, around, etc.) slang  drive or ride, esp. in a casual or leisurely manner [俚语] (尤指随意地或悠闲地)驱车；乘车 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  equip with tools 用机械设备装备 □ tool up   1 slang  arm oneself [俚语]武装自己 2  equip oneself 装备自己□ tooler  n.   [Old English tōl, from Germanic]

tool bag n.  a bag for keeping tools in 工具袋

toolbox /ˈtu:lbɒks/ n.  a box or container for keeping tools in 工具箱

tooling /ˈtu:liŋ/ n.  1  the process of dressing stone with a chisel 石头开凿作业 2  the ornamentation of a leather book cover with designs impressed by heated tools (装饰书籍封面的)封面压花

tool kit n.  1  a set of tools 一套工具，工具箱 2 Computing  a set of software tools 【计算】(软件的)工具包，软件包

toolmaker /ˈtu:lmeikə/ n.  a person who makes precision tools, esp. tools used in a press (精密器械，尤指出版机械的)工具制造者 □ toolmaking  n.  

tool-pusher n.  a worker directing the drilling on an oil rig (钻油井架上的)钻井工

tool shed n.  a shed in which tools etc. are stored (存放工具等东西的)工具房

toot /tu:t/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a short sharp sound as made by a horn, trumpet, or whistle (喇叭、号角、汽笛发出的)短而尖锐的声音；嘟嘟声 2 US slang  cocaine or a snort (see 见 SNORT n. 4) of cocaine [美] [俚语]可卡因，(吸入式)毒品 ●v.  1 tr.  sound (a horn etc.) with a short sharp sound 吹(喇叭等) 2 intr.  give out such a sound 发出嘟嘟声 □ tooter  n.   [probably from Middle Low German tūten, or imitative]

tooth /tu:θ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. teeth /ti:θ/)  1  each of a set of hard bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws of most vertebrates, used for biting and chewing 牙，牙齿(大多数脊椎动物嘴中坚硬似骨包有珐琅质的结构，用来啃咬和咀嚼) 2  a toothlike part or projection, e.g. the cog of a gearwheel, the point of a saw or comb, etc. 齿状物(如齿轮、锯子、梳子等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  one's sense of taste; an appetite or liking 口味；胃口；爱好 4 (in pl. 用复数)  force or effectiveness 力量；威力；效力  the penalties give the contract teeth  处罚条款使该合同具有了效力 ●v.  1 tr.  provide with teeth 给…装齿；把…做成锯齿状 2 intr. (of cogwheels) engage, interlock (指齿轮)咬合，吻合 □ armed to the teeth   completely and elaborately armed or equipped 武装到牙齿，全副武装□ fight tooth and nail   fight very fiercely 勇猛地战斗□ get one's teeth into   devote oneself seriously to 专注于，全神贯注于□ in the teeth of   1  in spite of (opposition or difficulty etc.) 不顾(遭反对或有困难) 2  contrary to (instructions etc.) 违抗(指令等) 3  directly against (the wind etc.) 顶着(风等)□ set a person's teeth on edge   see 见 EDGE □ toothed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ toothless  adj.  □ toothlike  adj.   [Old English tōth (pl. tēth), from Germanic]

toothache /ˈtu:θeik/ n.  a (usu. prolonged) pain in a tooth or teeth (通常持续时间较长的)牙痛

tooth-billed adj. (of a bird) having toothlike projections on the cutting edges of the bill (指鸟)有齿喙的

toothbrush /ˈtu:θbrʌʃ/ n.  a brush for cleaning the teeth 牙刷

toothcomb /ˈtu:θkəʊm/ n. Brit. [英]  = FINE-TOOTH COMB ■Usage 用法说明 Although toothcomb and fine toothcomb arose from a misunderstanding of fine-tooth comb, they are now accepted as established expressions. 尽管 toothcomb 和 fine toothcomb 来源于对 fine-tooth comb 的误解，它们现已成为被认可的表达法。 

toothed whale n.  a whale of the suborder Odonticeti, having teeth rather than baleen plates, including sperm whales, killer whales, and dolphins and porpoises 齿鲸(长有牙齿而没有鳞甲的鲸，包括抹香鲸、杀手鲸和海豚)

tooth fairy n. (in nursery tales) a fairy who takes children's milk teeth after they fall out and leaves a coin (小儿故事中关于小儿奶牙掉落后收走奶牙并留下一枚钱币的)奶牙仙子

tooth-glass n.  a glass for holding dentures, toothbrushes, etc., or for use as a tumbler for mouthwash (装假牙、牙刷等东西的)漱口杯

toothing /ˈtu:θiŋ/ n.  projecting bricks or stones left at the end of a wall to allow its continuation (砌砖墙或石墙时预留的)齿形待接插口

toothpaste /ˈtu:θpeist/ n.  a paste for cleaning the teeth 牙膏

toothpick /ˈtu:θpik/ n.  a small sharp instrument for removing small pieces of food lodged between the teeth (清除牙齿间食物小残渣的)牙签

tooth powder n.  powder for cleaning the teeth (清洗牙齿的)牙粉

tooth shell n.  = TUSK SHELL 

toothsome /ˈtu:θs(ə)m/ adj. (of food) delicious, appetizing (指食物)美味的，可口的，开胃的 □ toothsomely  adv.  □ toothsomeness  n.  

toothwort /ˈtu:θwɜ:t/ n.  a parasitic plant, Lathraea squamaria, with toothlike root scales 齿鳞草(一种根部长有牙齿状鳞甲的寄生植物)

toothy /ˈtu:θi/ adj. (toothier, toothiest)  having or showing large, numerous, or prominent teeth 有齿的；多齿的；露齿的  a toothy grin  露齿一笑 □ toothily  adv.  

tootle /ˈtu:t(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  toot gently or repeatedly 连续轻吹(乐器) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 along, around, etc.) colloq.  move casually or aimlessly [口]悠闲自得地(或漫无目的地)行走 ●n.  an act of tootling 连续的嘟嘟吹奏声

too-too /tu:ˈtu:/ adj. & adv. colloq.  extreme, excessive (ly) [口]过分的(地)，极端的(地)

tootsy /ˈtʊtsi/ n. (also 亦作 tootsie) (pl. -ies)  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq. usu. joc.  a foot; a toe [口] [通常诙]脚；脚趾 2 esp. US slang  a woman; a female lover [尤美] [俚语]女人；心爱的女人，宝贝儿 [jocular diminutive: alteration of FOOT]

top1 /tɒp/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  the highest point or part 顶，顶端，顶部  the top of the house  房顶 2  a  the highest rank or place 最高的排名(或地位)  at the top of the school  位居全校之首b  a person occupying this 居首位的人，拔尖的人  was top in maths  在数学方面拔尖c esp. Brit.  the upper end or head [尤英]上端；头上，头顶  the top of the table  桌面 3  the upper surface of a thing, esp. of the ground, a table, etc. (尤指地面、桌子等的)上面 4  the upper part of a thing, esp. (某物的)上部，(尤指) :a  a blouse, jumper, etc. for wearing with a skirt, trousers, etc. (与裙子或裤子等配套穿的)上身衣衫b  the upper part of a shoe or boot (鞋或靴子的)上部，鞋面c  the stopper of a bottle (瓶的)盖，顶盖d  the lid of a jar, saucepan, etc. (罐、锅等的)盖e esp. Brit.  the creamy part of milk [尤英] (奶的)奶油部分f  the folding roof of a car, pram, or carriage (车的)折叠篷，顶篷g  the upper edge or edges of a page or pages in a book (书页的)上端  gilt top  烫金书边 5  the utmost degree; height 顶点，最高度  called at the top of his voice  以最高的声音叫喊 6  the high-frequency component of reproduced sound 高音频 7 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a person or thing of the best quality [口]顶呱呱的人；最佳的东西  he's tops at cricket  他是个顶呱呱的板球手 8 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  the leaves etc. of a plant grown esp. for its root (尤指直根植物的)茎叶  turnip-tops  萝卜茎叶 9 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a bundle of long wool fibres prepared for spinning (准备纺纱用的)毛条；纤维条 10 Naut.  a platform round the head of each of the lower masts of a sailing ship, serving to extend the topmost rigging or carry guns 【海】(轮船低桅杆顶部装有索具或承载枪炮的)桅盘；桅楼 11 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Bridge  the two or three highest cards of a suit (尤)【桥牌】(一副牌中的)顶张 12 Brit. [英]  = TOP GEAR climbed the hill in top  全速爬山  13  = TOPSPIN  ●adj.  1  highest in position 顶上的，顶端的，最上面的  the top shelf  最上面那层架子 2  highest in degree or importance 最重要的；最高级的；居首位的  at top speed  以最高速度 the top job  最重要的工作 ●v. tr. (topped, topping)  1  provide with a top, cap, etc. 盖上，盖住；给…加盖；给…涂上  cake topped with icing  表面涂了糖霜的蛋糕 2  remove the top of (a plant, fruit, etc.), esp. to improve growth, prepare for cooking, etc. (尤指为了植物更好地生长、为了水果备用等而)去顶，剪顶；除掉头尖 3  be higher or better than; surpass; be at the top of 居…之上；成为…之冠  topped the list  位居名单之首 4 slang [俚语]  a  execute esp. by hanging, kill (尤指)绞死，杀死b (refl.)  commit suicide 自杀 5  reach the top of (a hill etc.) 到达(山等)的顶端 6 Golf 【高尔夫球】  a  hit (a ball) above the centre 击(球的)上部b  make (a stroke) in this way 挥(杆)打上旋球 □ at the top (or at the top of the tree)   in the highest rank of a profession etc. (在同行业中)高居首位□ come to the top   win distinction 出名；取得成功□ from top to toe   from head to foot; completely 从头到脚，全身；完全□ off the top of one's head   see 见 HEAD □ on top   1  in a superior position; above 占优势，在上面，在上方 2  on the upper part of the head 在头顶部  bald on top  秃顶的□ on top of   1  fully in command of 完全控制(或掌握)着 2  in close proximity to 紧接着；紧靠着 3  in addition to 除…之外(还)□ on top of the world  colloq.  exuberant [口]非常幸福；心满意足□ over the top   1 esp. hist.  over the parapet of a trench (and into battle); into action [尤史义]跨出战壕投入战斗；采取行动 2 (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  to excess, beyond reasonable limits; outrageous 超过限度的；过分的；极端无礼的  that joke was over the top  那个笑话过分了□ top off (or up)   put an end or the finishing touch to (a thing) 给(某事)作最后润饰□ top out   put the highest stone on (a building) 给(大楼)封顶□ top one's part  esp. Theatr.  act or discharge one's part to perfection (尤)【戏】表演(或发挥)得淋漓尽致□ top ten (or twenty etc.)   the first ten (or twenty etc.) records in the charts (排行榜上)前十(或前二十等)□ top up   1  a  complete (an amount or number) 完成(数量或指标)b  fill up (a glass or other partly full container) 装满(杯子或未满的容器) 2  top up something for (a person) 给(某人)斟满(某东西)  may I top you up with sherry?  我可以给你斟满雪利酒吗？□ topmost  adj.   [Old English topp]

top2 /tɒp/ n.  a wooden or metal toy, usu. conical, spherical, or pear-shaped, spinning on a point when set in motion by hand, string, etc. 陀螺(通常呈圆锥形或球形的木头或金属玩具，可用手或线绳使之旋转) [Old English, of uncertain origin]

topaz /ˈtəʊpæz/ n.  1  a transparent or translucent aluminium silicate mineral, usu. yellow, used as a gem 黄晶，黄玉(透明或半透明的铝硅酸盐矿物，常呈黄色，可用作宝石) 2  any S. American hummingbird of the genus Topaza 南美蜂鸟 [Middle English via Old French topace, topaze and Latin topazus from Greek topazos]

topazolite /tə(ʊ)ˈpæzəlait/ n.  a yellow or green kind of garnet 黄榴石 [TOPAZ + -LITE]

top banana n. slang [俚语]  1  a comedian topping the bill (喜剧的)头号笑星 2 US  a leader of an organization etc. [美] (机构等的)头头，领导人

top-boot n. esp. hist.  a boot with a high top esp. of a different material or colour [尤史义] (尤指夹杂着不同材料或颜色的)高统靴

top brass  see 见 BRASS n. 6 

topcoat /ˈtɒpkəʊt/ n.  1  an overcoat 外衣，大衣 2  an outer coat of paint etc. (油漆等的)外涂层

top copy n.  the uppermost typed copy (cf. 参见 CARBON COPY 1) (打字文件的)正本

top dog n. colloq.  a victor or master [口]夺魁者，胜利者；魁首，首领

top-down attrib. adj.  1  proceeding from the general to the particular, or from the top downwards 从总体到具体的；自上而下的 2  hierarchical 自上而下统治的，专制的

top drawer n. & adj. ●n.  1  the uppermost drawer in a chest etc. (橱柜等的)最上层抽屉 2 colloq.  high social position or origin [口]高层社会地位；高层社会背景 ●attrib. adj. (作 top-drawer) colloq.  of the highest quality or esp. social level [口] (尤指社会地位)最高的，最上层的

top dressing n.  1  the application of manure or fertilizer to the top of the earth instead of ploughing it in (把肥料施于农田表面而不是地里的)施肥法，追肥法 2  manure so applied 顶肥，追肥 3  a superficial show 装假；装模作样 □ top dress  v. tr.  给(农田的表面)施肥，追肥

tope1 /təʊp/ v. intr. archaic or literary  drink alcohol to excess, esp. habitually [古义] [文学用语]纵饮，狂饮 □ toper  n.   [perhaps from obsolete top ‘quaff’]

tope2 /təʊp/ n. (in India) a grove, esp. of mangoes (印度的)小树林(尤指芒果林) [Telugu tōpu, Tamil tōppu]

tope3 /təʊp/ n.  = STUPA  [Punjabi tōp via Prakrit & Pali thūpo from Sanskrit STUPA]

tope4 /təʊp/ n.  a small shark, Galeorhinus galeus 翅鲨 [perhaps from Cornish]

topee var.  of TOPI1  TOPI1 的变体

top-flight adj.  in the highest rank of achievement 第一流的，最高档的

top fruit n. Brit.  fruit grown on trees, not bushes [英]乔木果(指乔木而非灌木所结之果)

topgallant /tɒpˈɡæl(ə)nt, təˈɡæl-/ n. Naut.  the mast, sail, yard, or rigging immediately above the topmast and topsail 【海】上桅，顶桅；上桅帆，顶桅帆

top gear n. Brit.  the highest gear in a motor vehicle or bicycle [英] (汽车或自行车等变速器的)最高档

top-hamper n.  an encumbrance on top, esp. the upper sails and rigging of a ship (尤指轮船的)上部桅及帆缆索具

top hat n.  a man's formal hat with a high cylindrical crown (圆桶形男式)高顶大礼帽

top-heavy /tɒpˈhevi/ adj.  1  disproportionately heavy at the top so as to be in danger of toppling 头重脚轻的；不稳的；易倾倒的 2  a (of an organization, business, etc.) having a disproportionately large number of people in senior administrative positions (机构或公司等)高级官员(或行政管理人员)过多的b  overcapitalized 资本过剩的，投资过多的 3 colloq. (of a woman) having a disproportionately large bust [口] (指女人)胸部肥大的 □ top-heavily  adv.  □ top-heaviness  n.  

Tophet /ˈtəʊfit/ n. Bibl.  hell 【圣经】地狱，炼狱 [the name of a place in the Valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem used for idolatrous worship, including the sacrifice of children, and later for burning refuse: from Hebrew tōpet]

top-hole adj. Brit. colloq.  first-rate [英口]一流的，头等的

tophus /ˈtəʊfəs/ n. (pl. tophi /-fai/)  1 Med.  a gouty deposit of crystalline uric acid and other substances at the surface of joints 【医】(关节表面处的)痛风石；松石 2 Geol. 【地质】  = TUFA  [Latin, loose porous stones of various kinds]

topi1 /ˈtəʊpi/ n. (also 亦作 topee) (pl. topis or topees) Anglo-Ind.  a hat, esp. a sola topi [印英]帽子(尤指印度遮阳帽) [Hindi topī]

topi2 /ˈtəʊpi/ n. (pl. topis or same 单复同)  a large usu. reddish-brown antelope of African grassland, Damaliscus lunatus, with a sloping back, esp. one of E. African coastal race Cf. 参见 TSESSEBI 转角牛羚(非洲草原上的一种红褐色大型羚羊，尤指东非沿海地带的一种斜背羚羊) [West African name]

topiary /ˈtəʊpiəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  concerned with or formed by clipping shrubs, trees, etc. into ornamental shapes (灌木、树枝等)修剪成形的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  topiary art 林木修剪术 2  an example of this 林木修剪 □ topiarian  /-piˈɛəriən/ adj.  □ topiarist  n.   [French topiaire via Latin topiarius ‘landscape gardener’ from topia opera ‘fancy gardening’, from Greek topia, pl. diminutive of topos ‘place’]

topic /ˈtɒpik/ n.  1  a theme for a book, discourse, essay, sermon, etc. (书、文章、讨论、讲演等的)题目，论题 2  the subject of a conversation or argument (谈话或争论的)话题，主题 [Latin topica from Greek ta topika, literally ‘matters concerning commonplaces’ (the title of a treatise by Aristotle) from topos ‘a place, a commonplace’]

topical /ˈtɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  1  dealing with the news, current affairs, etc. 有关时事的；时下关注的  a topical song  一首时下令人关注的歌 2  dealing with a place; local 地方的；地方性的 3 Med. (of an ailment, medicine, etc.) affecting or applied externally to a part of the body 【医】(指外用软膏、药物等)影响局部的；局部使用的 4  of or concerning topics 题目的；话题的；主题的；论题的 □ topicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ topically  adv.  

topknot /ˈtɒpnɒt/ n.  1 esp. hist.  a decorative knot or bow of ribbon worn on the head (esp. in the 18th c.) [尤史义] (尤指 18 世纪用以装饰头部的)顶髻；头饰 2  a tuft or crest growing on the head (长在头上的)羽冠

topless /ˈtɒplis/ adj.  1  without or seeming to be without a top 无顶的；无盖的；无篷的 2  a (of clothes) having no upper part (指衣服)袒胸露背的b (of a person) wearing such clothes; bare-breasted (指人)穿袒胸衣的；胸部裸露的c (of a place, esp. a beach) where women go topless (尤指海滩等地的女人)袒胸露背的 □ toplessness  n.  

top-level adj.  of the highest level of importance, prestige, etc. 最高级的；最上层的

top-line attrib. adj.  1  of the highest quality; top of the range 最重要的；第一流的 2 (esp. of an entertainment act) considered worthy of top billing (尤指娱乐广告活动等)重要得可上头条的

toplofty /tɒpˈlɒfti/ adj. US colloq.  haughty [美口]傲慢的，自负的

topman /ˈtɒpmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a top-sawyer (站在木材上方的)上手锯工 2 Naut.  a man doing duty in a top 【海】(在桅楼上负责瞭望的)水手

topmast /ˈtɒpmɑ:st, -məst/ n. Naut.  the mast next above the lower mast 【海】(低桅杆上方的)中桅

top-notch adj. colloq.  first-rate [口]第一流的，最高质量的 □ top-notcher  n.  

topography /təˈpɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  a  a detailed description, representation on a map, etc., of the natural and artificial features of a town, district, etc. 地形学，地貌学(在地图上对城镇或地区的自然及人工形貌作出详细的描绘)b  such features 地形，地貌 2 Anat.  the mapping of the surface of the body with reference to the parts beneath 【解】(身体的)局部解剖图 □ topographer  n.  □ topographic  /-ˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ topographical  /tɒpəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ topographically  /tɒpəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [Middle English via Late Latin topographia from Greek, from topos ‘place’]

topoi pl.  of TOPOS  

topology /təˈpɒlədʒi/ n. Math.  the study of geometrical properties and spatial relations unaffected by the continuous change of shape or size of figures 【数】拓扑学(对不受图形变化影响的几何特性和空间关系的研究) □ topological  /tɒpəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ topologically  /tɒpəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ topologist  n.   [German Topologie from Greek topos ‘place’]

toponym /ˈtɒpənim/ n.  1  a place name 地名 2  a descriptive place name, usu. derived from a topographical feature of the place 源于某地地形特征的名称 [TOPONYMY]

toponymy /təˈpɒnimi/ n.  the study of the place names of a region (地区的)地名学 □ toponymic  /-ˈnimik/ adj.   [Greek topos ‘place’ + onoma ‘name’]

topos /ˈtɒpɒs/ n. (pl. topoi /ˈtɒpɔi/)  a stock theme in literature etc. (文学创作等的)惯用主题 [Greek, = commonplace]

topper /ˈtɒpə/ n.  1  a thing that tops 盖在上面的东西；上层的东西(货物) 2 colloq. [口]  = TOP HAT  3 Brit. colloq.  an exceptionally good person or thing [英口]出类拔萃的人(或物)

topping /ˈtɒpiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  pre-eminent in position, rank, etc. 地位显赫的 2 Brit. archaic slang  excellent [英古义] [俚语]优秀的，极好的 ●n.  anything that tops something else, esp. cream etc. on a dessert 位于顶部的任何东西(尤指糕点上的奶油等)

topple /ˈtɒp(ə)l/ v. intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  1  totter and fall (over), or cause to do so 倒塌，倒下；使倒塌 2  overthrow or be overthrown 推翻；被推翻  the government was toppled by a coup  政府被一次政变推翻了 [TOP1 + -LE4]

topsail /ˈtɒpseil, ˈtɒps(ə)l/ n.  1  the square sail, or each of two such sails, next above the lowest (二节桅的)上桅帆 2  a fore-and-aft sail above the gaff 斜桁帆

top-sawyer n.  1  a sawyer in the upper position in a saw-pit (锯坑中处于上方位置的)上手锯工 2  a person who holds a superior position; a distinguished person 身居高位的人；地位显赫的人

top secret adj.  of the highest secrecy 绝密的

top-shell n.  1  a marine gastropod mollusc of the family Trochidae with a short conical shell 马蹄螺(圆锥形短甲壳的海中腹足纲软体动物) 2  its shell 马蹄螺甲壳

topside /ˈtɒpsaid/ n.  1 Brit.  the outer side of a round of beef [英] (牛肉的)外侧大腿肉，外股肉 2  the side of a ship above the waterline (船只的)水线以上部分

top-slicing n.  a method of assessing tax chargeable on a lump sum by averaging the sum out over the years it has accrued and charging accordingly 全额分期付税法

topsoil /ˈtɒpsɔil/ n.  the top layer of soil (opp. 反义 SUBSOIL) 表土，表层土

topspin /ˈtɒpspin/ n.  a fast forward spinning motion imparted to a ball in tennis etc. by hitting it forward and upward (网球等通过朝前和朝上击打而形成的)上旋球

topstitch /ˈtɒpstitʃ/ v. tr.  make a row of neat, esp. decorative, stitches on the right side of (a garment etc.) 在(衣服等的)右边缝一道针迹(尤指作装饰用) □ topstitching  n.  

topsy-turvy /tɒpsiˈtɜ:vi/ adv., adj. & n. ●adv. & adj.  1  upside down 颠倒的 2  in utter confusion 乱七八糟的 ●n.  utter confusion 乱七八糟；颠倒 □ topsy-turvily  adv.  □ topsy-turviness  n.   [apparently from TOP1 + obsolete terve ‘overturn’]

top-up n. Brit.  an addition; something that serves to top up (esp. a partly full glass) [英]附加物，增添物(尤指斟满杯子的东西)

toque /təʊk/ n.  1  a woman's small brimless hat 无边女帽 2 hist.  a small cap or bonnet for a man or woman [史义] (男子或女子戴的)丝绒帽 [French, apparently = Italian tocca, Spanish toca, of unknown origin]

toquilla /təˈki:jə/ n.  1  a palmlike tree, Carludovica palmata, native to S. America 巴拿马草 2  a fibre produced from the leaves of this (巴拿马草的叶子制成的)纤维 [Spanish, = small gauze headdress, diminutive of toca ‘toque’]

tor /tɔ:/ n.  a hill or rocky peak, esp. in Devon or Cornwall (尤指英格兰德文或康沃尔一带的)石山 [Old English torr: cf. Gaelic tòrr ‘bulging hill’]

Torah /ˈtɔ:rə, ˈtəʊ-/ n.  1 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a  the Pentateuch 《摩西五经》(《旧约》的首五卷)b  a scroll containing this 《摩西五经》羊皮纸卷轴 2  the will of God as revealed in Mosaic law (《摩西律法》中上帝所启示的)旨意，教导 [Hebrew tōrɑˉh ‘instruction’]

torc /tɔ:k/ n. (also 亦作 torque) hist.  a necklace of twisted metal, esp. of the ancient Gauls and Britons [史义] (尤指古代高卢人和布里顿人的)金属颈环，金属项圈

torch /tɔ:tʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 electric torch) Brit.  a portable battery-powered electric lamp [英]手电筒 2  a  a piece of wood, cloth, etc., soaked in tallow and lit for illumination (木头或布料等浸入油脂然后点燃用以照明的)火把，火炬b  any similar lamp, e.g. an oil lamp on a pole 火炬式灯(如立柱上的油灯) 3  a source of heat, illumination, or enlightenment (热、光明或启迪的)源泉  bore aloft the torch of freedom  高擎起自由的火炬 4 esp. N. Amer.  a blowlamp [尤北美]喷灯 5 US slang  an arsonist [美] [俚语]纵火犯 ●v. tr. esp. N. Amer. slang set alight with a torch. [尤北美] [俚语]  用火炬点燃(或照亮) □ carry a torch for   suffer from unrequited love for 对…害单相思□ put to the torch   destroy by burning 付之一炬 [Middle English via Old French torche from Latin torqua, from torquēre ‘to twist’]

torch-bearer n.  1  a person who leads the way in an attempt to reform, inspire, etc. 改革领导人；启蒙者；鼓舞者 2  a person who carries a usu. ceremonial torch 持火把者；(常指举行仪式的)执火炬者

torch-fishing n.  catching fish by torchlight at night (晚上借助火把或手电筒)捕鱼

torchlight /ˈtɔ:tʃlait/ n.  the light of a torch or torches 火炬光 □ torchlit  adj.  火炬照亮的

torchon /ˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. (in full 全称 torchon lace)  coarse bobbin lace with geometrical designs (有几何图案的)粗质花边，饰带花边 [French, = duster, dishcloth, from torcher ‘to wipe’]

torch race n. Gk Antiq.  a festival performance of runners handing lighted torches to others in relays [古希腊]火炬接力赛跑

torch song n.  a popular song of unrequited love (以单相思为主题的)感伤恋歌 □ torch singer  n.  感伤恋歌歌手

torch-thistle n.  any tall cactus of the genus Cereus, with funnel-shaped flowers which open at night 仙影拳，仙人山(一种仙人掌属植物，其花如漏斗状，在晚间开放)

torchère /tɔ:ˈʃɛə/ n.  a tall stand with a small table for a candlestick etc. 高蜡扦；高灯架 [French (as TORCH)]

tore1 past  of TEAR1  

tore2 /tɔ:/ n.  = TORUS 1, 4  [French from Latin torus: see TORUS]

toreador /ˈtɒriədɔ:, ˌtɒriəˈdɔ:/ n.  a bullfighter, esp. on horseback (尤指骑在马背上的)斗牛士 [Spanish via torear ‘fight bulls’ from toro ‘bull’, from Latin taurus]

toreador pants n. pl.  women's close-fitting calflength trousers 紧身半长女裤

torero /tɒˈrɛərəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a bullfighter (徒步的)斗牛士 [Spanish from toro: see TOREADOR]

toreutic /təˈru:tik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or concerning the chasing, carving, and embossing of esp. metal (尤指)金属浮雕的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the art or practice of this 金属浮雕工艺 [Greek toreutikos from toreuō ‘work in relief’]

torgoch /ˈtɔ:ɡɒx/ n.  a kind of red-bellied char found in some Welsh lakes (威尔士一些湖中的)红点鲑 [Welsh, from tor ‘belly’ + coch ‘red’]

tori pl.  of TORUS  

toric /ˈtɒrik, ˈtɔ:rik/ adj. Geom.  having the form of a torus or part of a torus 【几】环形圆纹曲面的，环面的

torii /ˈtɔ:rii:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the gateway of a Shinto shrine, with two uprights and two crosspieces 鸟居(日本神道教神社入口处的牌坊，有两根立柱、两根横杆) [Japanese, from tori ‘bird’ + i ‘sit, perch’]

torment n. & v. ●n. /ˈtɔ:ment/  1  severe physical or mental suffering (身体或精神上的)折磨；痛苦  was in torment  经受折磨 2  a cause of this 使人痛苦或烦恼的东西 3 archaic [古义]  a  torture 受刑b  an instrument of torture 刑具 ●v. tr. /tɔ:ˈment/  1  subject to torment 折磨；使痛苦  tormented with worry  经受担心的折磨 2  tease or worry excessively 戏弄，作弄；使烦恼  enjoyed tormenting the teacher  喜欢作弄老师 □ tormentedly  adv.  □ tormentingly  adv.  □ tormentor  /-ˈmentə/ n.   [Middle English via Old French torment, tormenter from Latin tormentum ‘missile-engine’, from torquēre ‘to twist’]

tormentil /ˈtɔ:m(ə)ntil/ n.  a low-growing plant, Potentilla erecta, with bright yellow flowers and a highly astringent rootstock used in medicine 直立委陵菜(矮小植物，开金黄色花，其高度味涩的根状茎可用作药剂) [Middle English via Old French tormentille from medieval Latin tormentilla, of unknown origin]

torn past part.  of TEAR1  

tornado /tɔ:ˈneidəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)  1  a violent storm of small extent with whirling winds, esp. 龙卷风，旋风(一种来势凶猛的暴风)，尤指 :a  in W. Africa at the beginning and end of the rainy season 在西非，出现于雨季开始和结束时b  in the US etc. over a narrow path often accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud 在美国等地，沿着狭窄的路线，常伴有漏斗状乌云 2  an outburst or volley of cheers, hisses, missiles, etc. (喝彩、嘘声、导弹等的)爆发，大批袭来 □ tornadic  /-ˈnædik/ adj.   [apparently assimilation of Spanish tronada ‘thunderstorm’ (from tronar ‘to thunder’) to Spanish tornar ‘to turn’]

toroid /ˈtɒrɔid, ˈtɔ:-/ n.  a figure of toroidal shape 环面；环形线圈

toroidal /tɒˈrɔid(ə)l, tɔ:-/ adj. Geom.  of or resembling a torus 【几】环面的；环形线圈的 □ toroidally  adv.  

Toronto /təˈrɒntəu/ n.  多伦多 [加拿大港市]

torose /tɒˈrəʊs, tɔ:-/ adj.  1 Bot. (of plants, esp. their stalks) cylindrical with bulges at intervals 【植】(植物、尤指植物的茎杆)节状的，念珠状的 2 Zool.  knobby 【动】多瘤的，多疙瘩的 [Latin torosus from torus: see TORUS]

torpedo /tɔ:ˈpi:dəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  a cigar-shaped self-propelled underwater missile that explodes on impact with a ship 鱼雷，水雷(雪茄状的自动力水下导弹，碰到船就会爆炸)b (in full 全称 aerial torpedo)  a similar device dropped from an aircraft (从飞机上扔下的)空投鱼雷 2 Zool.  an electric ray 【动】电鳐 3 US  a type of explosive device or firework [美]爆炸装置；掼炮烟花，爆竹 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  destroy or attack with a torpedo 用鱼雷击毁(或袭击) 2  make (a policy, institution, plan, etc.) ineffective or inoperative; destroy 使(政策、机构、计划等)无效；破坏；摧毁 □ torpedo-like  adj.   [Latin, = numbness, electric ray, from torpēre ‘be numb’]

torpedo boat n.  a small fast lightly armed warship for carrying or discharging torpedoes (装载或发射鱼雷的)鱼雷快艇

torpedo-net n. (also 亦作 torpedo-netting)  netting of steel wire hung round a ship to intercept torpedoes (用钢丝罩在轮船四周的)防鱼雷网

torpedo tube n.  a tube from which torpedoes are fired by using compressed air or an explosive charge (用压缩的空气或炸药发射鱼雷的)鱼雷发射管

torpefy /ˈtɔ:pifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make numb or torpid 使麻痹，使麻木；使迟钝 [Latin torpefacere from torpēre ‘be numb’]

torpid /ˈtɔ:pid/ adj.  1  sluggish, inactive, dull, apathetic 缓慢的；迟钝的；不活泼的；有气无力的 2  numb 麻痹的，麻木的 3 (of a hibernating animal) dormant (指冬眠动物)蛰伏的 □ torpidity  /-ˈpiditi/ n.  □ torpidly  adv.  □ torpidness  n.   [Latin torpidus (as TORPOR)]

torpor /ˈtɔ:pə/ n.  torpidity 麻木，麻痹 □ torporific  /-ˈrifik/ adj.   [Latin, from torpēre ‘be sluggish’]

torque /tɔ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Mech.  the moment of a system of forces tending to cause rotation 【机】(引起机械转动的)转矩，力矩，扭矩 2 var.  of TORC TORC 的变体 ●v. tr.  apply torque or a twisting force to 给…加转矩；使…扭转 □ torquey  adj.   [Latin torquēre ‘to twist’: in sense 1 via French, and Latin torques]

torque converter n.  a device to transmit the correct torque from the engine to the axle in a motor vehicle (汽车中发动机使轴转动起来的)变矩器

torr /tɔ:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a unit of pressure used in measuring partial vacuums, equal to 133.32 pascals 托(真空压强单位，相当于 133.32 帕) [named after E. Torricelli, Italian physicist d. 1647]

torrefy /ˈtɒrifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  roast or dry (metallic ore, a drug, etc.) 焙，烤，烘，炒(药或矿石等) 2  parch or scorch with heat 烘干；烤干 □ torrefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French torréfier from Latin torrefacere, from torrēre ‘scorch’]

torrent /ˈtɒr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a rushing stream of water, lava, etc. (水、熔岩等的)奔流，激流 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a great downpour of rain (雨的)倾注  came down in torrents  大雨如注 3 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a violent or copious flow 迸发，连发  uttered a torrent of abuse  连珠炮似地辱骂一通 □ torrential  /təˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  □ torrentially  /təˈrenʃ(ə)li/ adv.   [French from Italian torrente, via Latin torrens -entis ‘scorching, boiling, roaring’ from torrēre ‘scorch’]

Torricellian vacuum /tɔ:riˈtʃeliən, -ˈseliən/ n.  a vacuum formed when mercury in a long tube closed at one end is inverted with the open end in a reservoir of mercury (the principle on which a barometer is made) 托里切利真空(当一端已封口的管子中的水银倒置过来而开口的那一端注满水银时形成的真空，即气压计形成的原理) [Torricelli: see TORR]

torrid /ˈtɒrid/ adj.  1  a (of the weather) very hot and dry (指天气)炎热的，灼热的b (of land etc.) parched by such weather (指土地等)被炎热天气烧焦的；晒热的 2 (of language or actions) emotionally charged; passionate, intense (指语言或行为)充满激情的；热烈的；狂热的 □ torridity  /-ˈriditi/ n.  □ torridly  adv.   [French torride or Latin torridus, from torrēre ‘parch’]

torrid zone n.  the central belt of the earth between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (地球上北回归线和南回归线之间的)热带

torse /tɔ:s/ n. Heraldry  a wreath 【纹章学】花环 [obsolete French torse, torce ‘wreath’, ultimately from Latin torta, fem. past part. of torquēre ‘twist’]

torsel var.  of TASSEL2  TASSEL2 的变体

torsion /ˈtɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  twisting, esp. of one end of a body while the other is held fixed (尤指物体的一端被固定时另一端的)扭转；扭力 2 Math.  the extent to which a curve departs from being planar 【数】挠率(曲线离开平面的幅度) 3 Biol.  the state of being twisted into a spiral 【生】反扭倾向，反扭性 4 Med.  the twisting of the cut end of an artery after surgery etc. to impede bleeding 【医】(手术后为了止血而实行的)动脉切口扭转 □ torsional  adj.  □ torsionally  adv.  □ torsionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French and Late Latin torsio -onis from Latin tortio (as TORT)]

torsion balance n.  an instrument for measuring very weak forces by their effect upon a system of fine twisted wire 扭秤(用来测量微小重力的仪器)

torsion bar n.  a bar forming part of a vehicle suspension, twisting in response to the motion of the wheels and absorbing their vertical movement (汽车减震用的)扭杆，扭力杆，扭力轴

torsion pendulum n.  a pendulum working by rotation rather than by swinging 扭摆(通过旋转而不是摇晃产生摆动)

torsk /tɔ:sk/ n.  a fish of the cod family, Brosme brosme, abundant in northern waters and often dried for food 单鳍鳕(盛产于北方水域、通常晒干食用的鳕类鱼) [Norwegian to(r)sk from Old Norse tho(r)skr, probably related to thurr ‘dry’]

torso /ˈtɔ:səʊ/ n. (pl. -os or US also [美亦] torsi /-si:/)  1  the trunk of the human body (人体的)躯干 2  a statue of a human consisting of the trunk alone, without head or limbs (无头无四肢的)人体躯干雕像 3  an unfinished or mutilated work (esp. of art, literature, etc.) 未完成(或残缺不全)的东西(尤指文学或艺术等作品) [Italian, = stalk, stump, torso, from Latin thyrsus]

tort /tɔ:t/ n. Law  a breach of duty (other than under contract) leading to liability for damages 【法律】(不遵守合同的)侵权行为 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin tortum ‘wrong’, neut. past part. of Latin torquēre tort- ‘twist’]

torte /ˈtɔ:tə/ n. (pl. torten /ˈtɔ:t(ə)n/ or tortes)  an elaborate sweet cake or tart 果子奶油蛋糕 [German]

tortelli /tɔ:ˈteli/ n.  an Italian dish of small pasta parcels stuffed with a cheese or vegetable mixture etc. 意大利式饺子(用奶酪或蔬菜等作馅) [Italian, pl. of tortello ‘small cake, fritter’]

tortellini /tɔ:tiˈli:ni/ n.  tortelli which have been rolled and formed into small rings (已包好并已摆成小环状的)意大利式饺子 [Italian, pl. of tortellino, diminutive of tortello ‘small cake, fritter’]

tortfeasor /ˈtɔ:tfi:zə/ n. Law  a person guilty of tort 【法律】侵权者 [Old French tort-fesor, tort-faiseur, etc., from tort ‘wrong’, -fesor, faiseur ‘doer’]

torticollis /tɔ:tiˈkɒlis/ n. Med.  a rheumatic etc. disease of the muscles of the neck, causing twisting and stiffness 【医】捩颈，斜颈(一种风湿性疾病，使颈部肌肉造成扭转和僵硬) [modern Latin, from Latin tortus ‘crooked’ + collum ‘neck’]

tortilla /tɔ:ˈti:jə/ n.  a thin flat originally Mexican maize cake eaten hot or cold with or without a filling 玉米粉圆饼(源于墨西哥的、可热吃或冷吃、可有馅或无馅的薄圆饼) [Spanish, diminutive of torta ‘cake’, from Late Latin]

tortious /ˈtɔ:ʃəs/ adj. Law  constituting a tort; wrongful 【法律】涉及侵权行为的；不合法的；不道德的 □ tortiously  adv.   [Anglo-French torcious from torcion ‘extortion’, from Late Latin tortio ‘torture’: see TORSION]

tortoise /ˈtɔ:təs, -tɔiz/ n.  1  any slow-moving plant-eating land reptile of the family Testudinidae, encased in a scaly or leathery domed shell, and having a retractile head and thick legs 龟，乌龟(行动缓慢的爬行动物，裹在多鳞的或似皮革的圆顶形甲壳里，头可收缩，腿很短) 2 Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  = TESTUDO  □ tortoise-like  adj. & adv.   [Middle English tortuce, Old French tortue, from medieval Latin tortuca, of uncertain origin]

tortoiseshell /ˈtɔ:təsʃel/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the yellowish-brown mottled or clouded outer shell of some turtles, used for decorative hair-combs, jewellery, etc. (杂黄褐色的)龟甲；玳瑁壳(可作装饰性发梳或珠宝等) 2  a  = TORTOISESHELL CAT b  = TORTOISESHELL BUTTERFLY  ●adj.  1  having the colouring or appearance of tortoiseshell 杂黄褐色的 2  made of tortoiseshell or a synthetic substitute 龟甲(或玳瑁壳)做的

tortoiseshell butterfly n.  any of various butterflies of the genus Aglais or Nymphalis with wings mottled like tortoiseshell (翅膀带有类似龟壳纹的)蛱蝴蝶

tortoiseshell cat n.  a domestic cat with markings resembling tortoiseshell (斑纹类似龟壳纹的)花斑家猫

tortrix /ˈtɔ:triks/ n.  any moth of the family Tortricidae, esp. Tortrix viridana, the larvae of which live inside rolled leaves 卷叶蛾(尤指幼虫生活在卷起的叶子里面的蛾类) [modern Latin, fem. of Latin tortor ‘twister’: see TORT]

tortuous /ˈtɔ:tʃʊəs, -jʊəs/ adj.  1  full of twists and turns 转弯抹角的；盘绕的  followed a tortuous route  循着一条弯弯曲曲的路 2  devious, circuitous, crooked 居心叵测的；不正直的；欺骗的  has a tortuous mind  居心不良 □ tortuosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ tortuously  adv.  □ tortuousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin tortuosus, from tortus ‘a twist’ (as TORT)]■Usage 用法说明 Tortuous, meaning ‘full of twists and turns; devious, crooked’ should not be confused with torturous meaning ‘involving torture, excruciating’. tortuous ，意即“充满坎坷曲折的；迂回的；弯曲的”，不应与 torturous 相混淆，后者意指“折磨人的；使人难以忍受的；使人苦恼的”。 

torture /ˈtɔ:tʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the infliction of severe bodily pain esp. as a punishment or a means of persuasion (尤指作为惩罚或逼供手段的)拷打，拷问；酷刑 2  severe physical or mental suffering (身体或精神上的)折磨；痛苦；苦恼  the torture of defeat  失败的痛苦 ●v. tr.  1  subject to physical or mental torture 拷打，拷问；折磨(身体或精神) 2  force out of a natural position or state; deform; pervert 歪曲，曲解；使扭曲，使成畸形 □ torturable  adj.  □ torturer  n.  □ torturous  adj.  □ torturously  adv.   [French from Late Latin tortura ‘twisting’ (as TORT)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at TORTUOUS. 见 TORTUOUS 的用法说明。 

torula /ˈtɒru:lə, -(j)ʊlə/ n. (pl. torulae /-li:/)  1  a yeast, Candida utilis, used medicinally and as a food additive (药用或用作食品添加剂的)圆酵母 2  a yeastlike fungus of the genus Torula, growing on dead vegetation (生长在已死植被上的)圆酵母真菌 [modern Latin, diminutive of TORUS]

torus /ˈtɔ:rəs/ n. (pl. tori /-rai/ or toruses)  1 Geom.  a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, esp. a circle, about a line in its plane but not intersecting it (e.g. like a ring doughnut) 【几】环形圆纹曲面，环面(如环形炸面圈) 2  a thing of this shape, esp. a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research (尤指用于物理研究中的)大圆形环室 3 Archit.  a large convex moulding, usu. semicircular in cross-section, esp. as the lowest part of the base of a column 【建】环状半圆线脚装饰；柱脚圆盘线脚 4 Anat.  a smooth ridge of bone or muscle 【解】(骨头或肌肉的)隆凸，圆枕 5 Bot.  the receptacle of a flower 【植】(花的)花托 [Latin, = swelling, bulge, cushion, etc.]

Tory /ˈtɔ:ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1 esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  = CONSERVATIVEn. 2  2 hist. (in England) a member of the party that opposed the exclusion of James II and later supported the established religious and political order and gave rise to the Conservative Party (opp. 反义 WHIG) [史义] (指英国历史上反对排斥詹姆斯二世继承王位，后来支持建立宗教和政治秩序，促成保守党兴起的)托利党党员 3 US hist.  a loyal colonist during the American Revolution [美史义] (指美国独立革命期间的)亲英分子 ●adj. colloq. [口]  = CONSERVATIVEadj. 3  □ Toryism  n.   [originally = Irish outlaw: probably Irish toraidhe from tóir ‘pursue’]

tosa /ˈtəʊsə/ n.  a dog of a breed of mastiff originally kept for dogfighting 斗犬(旧时用来斗狗比赛的大驯犬) [Tosa, a former province in Japan]

tosh1 /tɒʃ/ n. Brit. colloq.  rubbish, nonsense [英口]废话，胡说八道 [19th c.: origin unknown]

tosh2 /tɒʃ/ n. slang  a casual form of address, esp. to an unknown person [俚语] (尤指与陌生人的)随意性谈话；胡诌 [20th c.: origin unknown]

toss /tɒs/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  throw up (a ball etc.), esp. with the hand (尤指用手)向上抛(球等) 2 tr. & intr.  roll about, throw, or be thrown, restlessly or from side to side 到处扔；把…抛来抛去；使摇晃；使颠簸  the ship tossed on the ocean  船在大洋上颠簸 was tossing and turning all night  整晚上都在翻来覆去 3 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, away, aside, out, etc.)  throw (a thing) lightly or carelessly (轻轻地或不经意地)扔，掷(某物)  tossed the letter away  不经意地把那封信扔掉了 4 tr.  a  throw (a coin) into the air to decide a choice etc. by the side on which it lands (为了作出选择而)掷，抛掷(硬币)b (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 for)  settle a question or dispute with (a person) in this way 以掷钱币的方式(与某人)解决问题(或争端)  tossed him for the armchair  用掷钱币的方式决定了他坐这把扶手椅 tossed for it  用掷钱币的方式决定了此事 5 tr.  a (of a bull etc.) throw (a person etc.) up with the horns (牛等)用角把(人等)抛起来b (of a horse etc.) throw (a rider) off its back (马等)把(骑手)摔下背 6 tr.  coat (food) with dressing etc. by shaking (用调料等)拌匀(食品) 7 tr.  bandy about in debate; discuss 斗嘴中辩论；讨论，议论  tossed the question back and forth  把那个问题辩来辩去 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of tossing (a coin, the head, etc.) 掷钱币；甩头 2 Brit.  a fall, esp. from a horse [英] (尤指从马背上)摔下 □ toss one's head   throw it back esp. in anger, impatience, etc. (尤指气愤地或不耐烦地)把头一甩□ tossing the caber   the Scottish sport of throwing a tree trunk (苏格兰人扔树干的)掷远比赛□ toss oars   raise oars to an upright position in salute 举桨致敬□ toss off   1  drink off at a draught 一饮而尽 2  dispatch (work) rapidly or without effort 轻而易举地做好(工作)  tossed off an omelette  轻而易举地做好了煎蛋饼 3 Brit. coarse slang  masturbate [英] [粗俗俚语]手淫□ toss a pancake   throw it up so that it flips on to the other side in the frying pan 在锅里抛翻煎饼□ toss up   toss a coin to decide a choice etc. 掷硬币作出抉择 [16th c.: origin unknown]

tosser /ˈtɒsə/ n.  1 Brit. coarse slang  an unpleasant or contemptible person [英] [粗俗俚语]令人厌恶的人 2  a person or thing that tosses 抛掷者；抛掷物

toss-up n.  1  a doubtful matter; a close thing 悬而未决的事；碰运气的事  it's a toss-up whether he wins  他是否会赢还很难说 2  the tossing of a coin 掷硬币作决定的办法

tot1 /tɒt/ n.  1  a small child 小孩，娃娃  a tiny tot  小娃娃 2 Brit.  a dram of liquor [英]一小杯酒；少量 [18th c., of dialect origin]

tot2 /tɒt/ v. & n. ●v. (totted, totting) esp. Brit. [尤英]  1 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up)  add (figures etc.) 把(数字等)加起来 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 up) (of items) mount up (项目)合计，共计 ●n. Brit. archaic  a set of figures to be added [英古义]合计数，总数 □ tot up to   amount to 总数达… [abbreviation of TOTAL or of Latin totum ‘the whole’]

tot3 /tɒt/ v. & n. Brit. slang [英] [俚语] ●v. intr. (totted, totting)  collect saleable items from refuse as an occupation (从垃圾堆里)收集(可卖物品) ●n.  an article collected from refuse (从垃圾堆里收集来的)物品 □ totter  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

total /ˈtəʊt(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  complete, comprising the whole 完全的；总体的，全部的  the total number of people  总的人数 2  absolute, unqualified 绝对的；彻底的  in total ignorance  一无所知 total abstinence  彻底戒酒 ●n.  a total number or amount 总数；总量 ●v. (totalled, totalling; US [美] totaled, totaling)  1 tr.  a  amount in number to 总计，总数达  they totalled 131  他们总计 131b  find the total of (things, a set of figures, etc.) 得到(东西或一系列数字的)总数 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to, up to)  amount to, mount up to 总数达… 3 tr. N. Amer. slang  wreck (a car etc.) completely [北美] [俚语]使(汽车等)完全毁坏 □ totally  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin totalis, from totus ‘entire’]

total abstinence n.  abstaining completely from alcohol 彻底戒酒

total eclipse n.  an eclipse in which the whole disc (of the sun, moon, etc.) is obscured (太阳、月亮等的)全食

total internal reflection n.  reflection without refraction of a light ray meeting the interface between two media at more than a certain critical angle to the normal 全内反射(光线以大于临界角的入射角射到介质界面时发生的无折射现象)

totalitarian /ˌtəʊtæliˈtɛəriən, tə(ʊ)ˌtæli-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a centralized dictatorial form of government requiring complete subservience to the State 极权主义的(极权主义指一种要求完全服从国家的中央集权的独裁统治形式) ●n.  a person advocating such a system 极权主义者 □ totalitarianism  n.  极权主义

totality /tə(ʊ)ˈtæliti/ n.  1  the complete amount or sum 总数；总额 2 Astron.  the time during which an eclipse is total 【天】全食时间

totalizator /ˈtəʊt(ə)laizeitə/ n. (also 亦作 totalisator)  1  a device showing the number and amount of bets staked on a race, to facilitate the division of the total among those backing the winner (赛马彩票赌博中用的)赌金总额计算器 2  a system of betting based on this 采用总额计算器的赌博法

totalize /ˈtəʊt(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  collect into a total; find the total of 使成为总体；总结；得出…的总数 □ totalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

totalizer /ˈtəʊt(ə)laizə/ n.  = TOTALIZATOR 

Total Quality Management n. (in industry) a systematic approach to improving the quality of products and customer service etc., while reducing costs 总体质量管理(指工业生产中减少成本的同时提高产品和顾客服务质量的一种系统方法)

total recall n.  the ability to remember every detail of one's experience clearly (能清楚地记得自身经历每一细节的)完全回忆力

total war n.  a war in which all available weapons and resources are employed 总体战(指在战争中动用一切可以利用的武器和资源)

tote1 /təʊt/ n. colloq. [口]  1  a totalizator 总额计算器 2 Brit., Austral. & NZ  a lottery [英澳新]彩票 [abbreviation]

tote2 /təʊt/ v. tr. esp. N. Amer. colloq.  carry, convey, or wield, (esp. a heavy load) [尤北美口]背负；携带；搬运，运送；拖，拉(尤指重物)  toting a gun  携带着枪 □ toter  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [17th-c. US, probably of dialect origin]

tote bag n.  a large bag for shopping etc. 大购物袋；大手提袋

tote box n. N. Amer.  a small container for goods [北美]小件物品箱

totem /ˈtəʊtəm/ n.  1  a natural object, esp. an animal, adopted among some tribal peoples as an emblem of a clan or an individual 图腾(尤指某些原始部落用作本氏族或个人徽标的动物或自然物体) 2  an image of this 图腾形象 □ totemic  /-ˈtemik/ adj.  □ totemism  n.  □ totemist  n.  □ totemistic  /-ˈmistik/ adj.   [Algonquian]

totem pole n.  1  a pole on which totems are carved or hung 图腾柱 2  a hierarchy 等级制

tother /ˈtʌðə/ adj. & pron. (also 亦作 t'other) dial. or joc.  the other [方] [诙]另一的，其他的 □ tell tother from which  Brit. joc.  tell one from the other [英诙]区分，分清，辨别 [Middle English the tother, for earlier thet other = the other thet obsolete neut. of the]

totter /ˈtɒtə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  stand or walk unsteadily or feebly 蹒跚，跌跌撞撞地站立(或走路)  tottered out of the pub  跌跌撞撞地走出了小酒店 2  a (of a building etc.) shake or rock as if about to collapse (建筑物等)摇摇欲坠b (of a system of government etc.) be about to fall (指政体等)行将倒台 ●n.  an unsteady or shaky movement or gait 蹒跚的步子；摇晃不定 □ totterer  n.  □ tottery  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch touteren ‘to swing’]

totting-up n.  1  the adding of separate items (不同项目的)相加，累加 2 Brit.  the adding of convictions for driving offences to cause disqualification [英] (可导致取消驾驶资格的)违章驾驶累计

toucan /ˈtu:k(ə)n/ n.  a tropical American fruit-eating bird of the family Ramphastidae, with an immense beak and often brightly coloured plumage 巨嘴鸟(食水果的美洲热带鸟，嘴巨大，羽毛鲜艳) [Tupi tucana, Guarani tucɑˉ]

touch /tʌtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  come into or be in physical contact with (another thing) at one or more points 触或碰到(另一东西) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  bring the hand etc. into contact with (用手等)摸  touched her arm  摸她的手臂 3  a intr. (of two things etc.) be in or come into contact with one another (指两物等)相碰，相互接触  the balls were touching  两球相碰b tr.  bring (two things) into mutual contact 使(两种东西)相碰，相互接触  they touched hands  他们相互碰了碰对方的手 4 tr.  rouse tender or painful feelings in 触动，感动；触及…的痛处，伤害…的感情  was touched by his appeal  被他的请求感动了 5 tr.  strike lightly 轻击；轻碰  just touched the wall with the back bumper  只是后保险杠轻碰了一下墙壁 6 tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  a  disturb or interfere with 干扰，干预  don't touch my things  别干预我的事b  have any dealings with 涉及，涉足  won't touch bricklaying  不会干砌砖的活儿c  consume; use up; make use of 消费；吃，喝；使用，利用  dare not touch alcohol  不敢喝酒 has not touched her breakfast  她还没吃早餐 need not touch your savings  不必动用你的积蓄d  cope with; affect; manage 对付；对…发生作用  soap won't touch this dirt  肥皂除不掉这种污迹 7 tr.  a  deal with (a subject) lightly or in passing 谈及(话题)，论及  touched the matter of their expenses  谈到了他们花销的事b  concern 涉及，关系到  it touches you closely  这与你关系密切 8 tr.  a  reach or rise as far as, esp. momentarily (尤指暂时性地)达到，上升到  the thermometer touched 90°  温度计达到了 90°b (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  approach in excellence etc. 比得上，敌得过  can't touch him for style  在派头方面没法跟他比 9 tr.  affect slightly; modify 轻微影响；改变  pity touched with fear  因害怕而有些可怜 10 tr. (as 作 touched adj.) colloq.  slightly mad [口]神经轻微失常的 11 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in) esp. Art  mark lightly, put in (features etc.) with a brush, pencil, etc. (尤)【艺术】(用画笔、铅笔等)轻轻勾勒出(特征等) 12 tr.  a  strike (the keys, strings, etc., of a musical instrument) 弹拨(乐器的琴键、琴弦等)b  strike the keys or strings of (a piano etc.) 弹拨(钢琴等的)琴键或琴弦 13 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for) slang  ask for and get money etc. from (a person) as a loan or gift [俚语]向(某人)借贷(或索要)钱款等  touched him for £ 5  向他借了 5 英镑 14 tr.  injure slightly (轻度地)伤害  blossom touched by frost  霜冻使花受到了轻微的伤害 15 tr. Geom.  be tangent to (a curve) 【几】与(曲线)正切，切触 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of touching, esp. with the body or hand (尤指用身体或手)触，摸，碰  felt a touch on my arm  感觉有人在我手臂上摸了一下 2  a  the faculty of perception through physical contact, esp. with the fingers (尤指手指的)触觉，触感  has no sense of touch in her right arm  她的右臂没有触觉b  the qualities of an object etc. as perceived in this way (物体等的)质感  the soft touch of silk  丝绸的柔软质感 3  a small amount; a slight trace 少量，少许；一点(痕迹)  a touch of salt  少量的盐 a touch of irony  有点儿讽刺意味 4  a  a musician's manner of playing keys or strings (音乐家的)弹奏法；指法b  the manner in which the keys or strings respond to touch (按琴键的)指触；(弹琴弦的)指法功夫c  an artist's or writer's style of workmanship, writing, etc. (艺术家或作家的)手法，写作风格  has a delicate touch  有着很细腻的风格 5  a  a distinguishing quality or trait 特色，特性  a rather amateur touch  颇有业余化的特性b  a special skill or proficiency 特长；特技  have lost my touch  已丢掉了我的特长 6 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a  a light stroke with a pen, pencil, etc. (钢笔、铅笔等的)轻轻勾画b  a slight alteration or improvement 细小的改动；润色  speech needs a few touches  演讲需要作几处细微的改动 7  = TAG2 1  8 (prec. by 前接 a)  slightly 稍微  is a touch too arrogant  稍微自负了点 9 slang [俚语]  a  the act of asking for and getting money etc. from a person 借钱，讨钱，要钱b  a person from whom money etc. is so obtained 被讨钱的人 10 Football  the part of the field outside the side limits 【足球】边线以外地区 11 archaic  a test with or as if with a touchstone [古义]试验，考验  put it to the touch  试它一下 □ at a touch   if touched, however lightly 一碰(就)  opened at a touch  一碰就打开了□ get (or put) in (or into) touch with   come or cause to come into communication with; contact 与…联系，接触□ in touch  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  in communication 有联系，有接触  we're still in touch after all these years  过了这么多年我们仍然保持着联系 2  up to date, esp. regarding news etc. (尤指新闻等)追踪联系；接触  keeps in touch with events  保持对事件的关注 3  aware, conscious, empathetic 明白的；有意识的；同感的  not in touch with her own feelings  没有意识到自己的感情□ keep in touch  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  remain informed 保持联系，保持了解  kept in touch with the latest developments  一直了解最新的发展 2  continue correspondence, a friendship, etc. 继续保持(通讯、友情等)□ lose touch  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  cease to be informed 不再了解 2  cease to correspond with or be in contact with another person 与(另一人)失去联系□ lose one's touch   not show one's customary skill 丢掉了自己的特长□ out of touch  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  1  not in correspondence 不再有联系 2  not up to date or modern 不时兴的；不够现代的 3  lacking in awareness or sympathy 缺乏意识的；缺乏理解的  out of touch with his son's beliefs  对他儿子的信仰缺乏理解□ to the touch   when touched 摸起来  was cold to the touch  摸起来是凉的□ touch at  (of a ship) call at (a port etc.) (指轮船)在(港口等地)停泊□ touch base   see 见 BASE1 □ touch bottom   1  reach the bottom of water with one's feet 双脚触及水底 2  be at the lowest or worst point 达到最低(或最坏)点 3 Brit.  be in possession of the full facts [英]追根究底，深究□ touch down   1  a Rugby  touch the ground with the ball behind one's own or esp. the opponents' goal line 【英式橄榄球】(尤指进攻方)持球触地b Amer. Football  score by being in possession of the ball behind the opponents' goal line 【美式橄榄球】持球触地得分 2 (of an aircraft or spacecraft) make contact with the ground in landing (指飞机或宇宙飞船)降落，着陆□ touch off   1  represent exactly (in a portrait etc.) 精确地画出，勾划出 2  explode by touching with a match etc. (擦火柴等)引爆 3  initiate (a process) suddenly 触发，引发，引起(某程序)  touched off a run on the pound  引起英镑挤兑□ touch on (or upon)   1  treat (a subject) briefly, refer to or mention casually (简略或顺便地)谈及(话题)；提及 2  verge on 接近于，频于  that touches on impudence  那接近于无礼□ touch up   1  give finishing touches to or retouch (a picture, writing, etc.) 给(画、文章等)作最后的修改，修饰，润色 2 Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  a  caress so as to excite sexually 爱抚以产生性欲b  sexually molest 性骚扰，调戏 3  strike (a horse) lightly with a whip 用鞭子轻轻抽(马)□ touch wood  esp. Brit.  touch something wooden with the hand to avert ill luck [尤英]用手摸木制的东西以驱邪避灾□ would not touch with a bargepole   see 见 BARGEPOLE □ touchable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French tochier, tuchier (v.), touche (n.): probably imitative: cf. Provençal toc, Italian tocco ‘a knock’]

touch-and-go adj.  uncertain regarding a result; risky 一触即发的；无法预测的；不确定的；危急的  it was touch-and-go whether we'd catch the train  我们能否赶得上火车，这不好说

touchback /ˈtʌtʃbæk/ n. Amer. Football  a touchdown behind one's own goal 【美式橄榄球】守方持球触地

touchdown /ˈtʌtʃdaʊn/ n.  1  the act or an instance of an aircraft or spacecraft making contact with the ground during landing (飞机或宇宙飞船着陆过程中的)触地，着地 2 Rugby & Amer. Football  the act or an instance of touching down 【英式橄榄球】【美式橄榄球】持球触地

toucher /ˈtʌtʃə/ n.  1  a person or thing that touches 触摸者 2 Bowls  a wood that touches the jack 【球戏】(用来击靶子小白球的)木球

touch football n.  a form of American football with touching in place of tackling (指允许触碰但不允许阻截的)触身式橄榄球

touch-hole n.  a small hole in a gun for igniting the charge (旧时大炮点火的)火孔，火门

touching /ˈtʌtʃiŋ/ adj. & prep. ●adj.  moving; pathetic 动人的，感人的；令人同情的  a touching incident  一件感人的事 touching confidence  感人的自信 ●prep. literary  concerning; about [文学用语]关于；至于 □ touchingly  adv.  □ touchingness  n.   [Middle English from TOUCH: the preposition from Old French touchant, pres. part. (as TOUCH)]

touch-in-goal n. Rugby  each of the four corners enclosed by continuations of the touchlines and goal lines 【英式橄榄球】得分区(球门线、死角线和边线延长线之间的区域)

touch judge n. Rugby  a linesman 【英式橄榄球】巡边员

touchline /ˈtʌtʃlain/ n. (in various sports) either of the lines marking the side boundaries of the pitch (各种体育项目中标志场地边界的)边线

touch-mark n.  the maker's mark on pewter (打在白镴制品上的)制造者印记

touch-me-not n.  any of various plants of the genus Impatiens, with ripe seed capsules jerking open when touched 凤仙花(其子荚成熟后一触即裂)

touch-needle n.  a needle of gold or silver alloy of known composition used as a standard in testing other alloys on a touchstone 试金针(用已知成分的金或银合金制成的针，在试金石上用以检验其他合金的标准)

touch of nature n.  1  a natural trait 天性，禀性 2 colloq.  an exhibition of human feeling with which others sympathize (from a misinterpretation of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida III. iii. 169) [口]人情的表现(源于莎士比亚剧作《特洛伊勒斯和克丽西达》 III. iii.169 的错误理解)

touch of the sun n.  1  a slight attack of sunstroke (轻微的)日射病，中暑 2  a little sunlight 一丝阳光

touchpaper /ˈtʌtʃpeipə/ n.  paper impregnated with nitre, for firing gunpowder, fireworks, etc. (火药、烟花等的)火硝纸，导火纸

touch screen n.  a VDU screen that displays data, esp. information to customers, when it is touched (尤指让顾客通过触摸屏幕获得信息的)触摸式图像显示屏

touchstone /ˈtʌtʃstəʊn/ n.  1  a fine-grained dark schist or jasper used for testing alloys of gold etc. by observing the colour of the mark which they make on it 试金石(黑色的细纹理片岩或玉石，通过观察金子等合金留在其上面的划痕颜色来检验其合金成分) 2  a standard or criterion 检验标准

touch-type v. tr. & intr.  type without looking at the keys (不看键盘)盲打 □ touch-typing  n. (不看键盘的)  盲打法□ touch-typist  n.  

touch-up n.  a quick restoration or improvement (of paintwork, a piece of writing, etc.) (绘画作品、文章等的)润色，修饰

touchwood /ˈtʌtʃwʊd/ n.  readily inflammable wood, esp. when made soft by fungi, used as tinder (作引火物用的)易燃木；火绒

touchy /ˈtʌtʃi/ adj. (touchier, touchiest)  1  apt to take offence; oversensitive 易怒的，易生气的；过于敏感的 2  delicate; requiring careful handling 棘手的，难办的；需小心对付的  a touchy subject  一个敏感的话题 □ touchily  adv.  □ touchiness  n.   [perhaps alteration of TETCHY, influenced by TOUCH]

touché /tu:ˈʃei/ int.  1  the acknowledgement of a hit by a fencing opponent 有了(击剑比赛中承认被对方击中) 2  the acknowledgement of a justified accusation, a witticism, or a point made in reply to one's own 说得对，说得好(法律指控或俏皮话中承认他人的论据充足) [French, past part. of toucher TOUCH]

tough /tʌf/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  hard to break, cut, tear, or chew; durable; strong 坚韧的；牢固的；切不开的；撕不下的；咬不动的；强壮的；坚强的 2 (of a person) able to endure hardship; hardy (指人)能吃苦耐劳的 3  unyielding, stubborn, difficult 不屈服的；顽固的，固执的；艰难的；难对付的  it was a tough job  那是一件艰难的工作 a tough customer  难对付的顾客 4 colloq. [口]  a  acting sternly; hard 严厉的，强硬的  get tough with  对…采取强硬态度b (of circumstances, luck, etc.) severe, unpleasant, hard, unjust (情况、运气等)严峻的，令人不快的；不幸的 5 colloq.  criminal or violent [口]充满犯罪与暴力的；粗暴的；剧烈的  tough guys  一帮粗暴的家伙 ●n.  a tough person, esp. a ruffian or criminal 粗暴的人(尤指流氓，暴徒或罪犯) □ tough it (or tough it out)  colloq.  endure or withstand difficult conditions [口]克服困难坚持到底□ tough shit (or titty)  esp. N. Amer. slang  tough luck [北美] [俚语]倒霉透了□ toughen  v. tr. & intr.  □ toughener  n.  □ toughish  adj.  □ toughly  adv.  □ toughness  n.   [Old English tōh]

tough guy n. colloq. [口]  1  a hard unyielding person 坚强不屈的人 2  a violent aggressive person 粗暴的人；气势汹汹的人

toughie /ˈtʌfi/ n. colloq.  a tough person or problem [口]难对付的人；棘手的问题

tough-minded adj.  realistic, not sentimental 讲求实际的，不感情用事的 □ tough-mindedness  n.  

toupee /ˈtu:pei/ n. (also 亦作 toupet /ˈtu:pei, ˈtu:pit/)  a wig or artificial hairpiece to cover a bald spot 遮秃假发 [French toupet ‘hair-tuft’, diminutive of Old French toup ‘tuft’ (as TOP1)]

tour /tʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a journey from place to place, esp. as a holiday (尤指作为度假的)旅游，观光b  an excursion, ramble, or walk 游览；闲逛  made a tour of the garden  在花园里闲逛了一圈 2  a  a spell of duty on military or diplomatic service (军人或外交人员在外地的)服役期；轮值期b  the time to be spent at a particular post (在某一岗位上的)任职期 3  a series of performances, matches, etc., at different places on a route through a country etc. (在不同地方穿梭进行的)巡回演出；巡回比赛 ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 through)  make a tour 旅行，游历  toured through India  游历印度 2 tr.  make a tour of (a country etc.) 参观，巡视(某一国家等) □ on tour  (esp. of a team, theatre company, etc.) touring (尤指球队、剧团等)巡回比赛；巡回演出 [Middle English via Old French to(u)r and Latin tornus from Greek tornos ‘lathe’]

touraco var.  of TURACO  TURACO 的变体

tour de force /tʊə də ˈfɔ:s/ n. (pl. tours de force pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a feat of strength or skill 绝技(或特技) [French]

tourer /ˈtʊərə/ n.  a vehicle, esp. a car, for touring (尤指旅行时用的)小汽车

Tourette's syndrome /tʊˈrets/ n. Med.  a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics and vocalizations and the compulsive utterance of obscenities 【医】图雷特氏综合症(神经紊乱症，伴有不由自主的抽搐和胡言乱语等行为特征) [named after G. de la Tourette, French neurologist d. 1904]

touring car n.  a car with room for passengers and much luggage (载人同时也载大量行李的)旅行车

tourism /ˈtʊəriz(ə)m/ n.  the organization and operation of (esp. foreign) holidays, esp. as a commercial enterprise (尤指带有商业性的)旅游业，观光业

tourist /ˈtʊərist/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person making a visit or tour as a holiday; a traveller, esp. abroad 旅游者； (尤指在国外度假的)观光客 often 常作 attrib.: tourist accommodation  旅游食宿 2  a member of a touring sports team 巡回比赛运动队队员 ●v. tr. (as 作 touristed adj.)  frequented by tourists 游客经常光顾的 □ touristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ touristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adv.  

tourist class n.  the lowest class of passenger accommodation in a ship, aircraft, etc. 旅游舱，经济舱(旅客乘坐轮船、飞机等的最低等舱位)

touristy /ˈtʊəristi/ adj. usu. derog.  appealing to or visited by many tourists [通常贬]游客熙熙攘攘的；游客经常光顾的

tourmaline /ˈtʊəməlin, -i:n/ n.  a boron aluminium silicate mineral of various colours, possessing unusual electrical properties, and used in electrical and optical instruments and as a gemstone 电气石(呈各种不同颜色的硼铝硅酸盐矿物，具有非同寻常的电气性能，用于电气和光学仪器中，也可用作宝石) [French, from Sinhalese toramalli ‘porcelain’]

tournament /ˈtʊənəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  any contest of skill between a number of competitors, esp. played in heats 比赛；锦标赛；联赛  chess tournament  象棋比赛 tennis tournament  网球锦标赛 2  a display of military exercises etc. (军事上的)演练，演习  Royal Tournament  皇家军队大演习 3 hist. [史义]  a  a pageant in which jousting with blunted weapons took place (有马上比武表演的)庆典活动b  a meeting for jousting between single knights for a prize etc. (骑士为赢得奖品而进行的)比武大会 [Middle English from Old French torneiement, from torneier TOURNEY]

tournedos /ˈtʊənədəʊ/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-dəʊz/)  a small round thick cut from a fillet of beef (小圆形的)牛肉里脊扒 [French, from tourner ‘to turn’ + dos ‘back’]

tourney /ˈtʊəni, ˈtɜ:ni/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  a tournament 马上比武大会 ●v. intr. (-eys, -eyed)  take part in a tournament 参加马上比武大会 [Middle English from Old French tornei (n.), torneier (v.), ultimately from Latin tornus ‘a turn’]

tourniquet /ˈtʊənikei, ˈtɔ:-/ n.  a device for stopping the flow of blood through an artery by twisting a bar etc. in a ligature or bandage (把绷带或结扎线扭曲过来使动脉血液不再流动的)止血带，压脉器 [French, probably from Old French tournicle ‘coat of mail, TUNICLE’, influenced by tourner TURN]

tour operator n.  a travel agent specializing in package holidays (擅长组织一揽子旅游的)旅行社，旅行代理人

tousle /ˈtaʊz(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  make (esp. the hair) untidy; rumple 弄乱；(尤指使头发)蓬乱 2  handle roughly or rudely 粗略地处理，草率处理 [frequentative of (now dialect) touse, Middle English from Old English, related to Old High German zirzuson, erzūsen ‘tear to pieces’]

tousle-haired adj.  having untidy hair 头发乱蓬蓬的

tous-les-mois /tu:leiˈmwɑ:, 法 tulɛmwa/ n.  1  food starch obtained from tubers of a canna, Canna indica 姜芋淀粉 2  this plant 姜芋块茎 [French, literally ‘every month’, probably a corruption of West Indian toloman]

tout /taʊt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  solicit custom persistently; pester customers 兜售；招揽  touting for business  招揽生意 2 tr.  solicit the custom of (a person) or for (a thing) 招徕(某人)；兜售(某物) 3 intr.  a Brit.  spy out the movements and condition of racehorses in training [英]探听赛马训练情况b US  offer racing tips for a share of the resulting profit [美]提供赛马信息以获取好处 ●n.  1  a person employed in touting 兜售者；招揽生意者 2  = TICKET TOUT  □ touter  n.   [Middle English tūte ‘look out’ = Middle English (now dialect) toot (Old English tōtian) from Germanic]

tout court /tu: ˈkʊə, 法 tu kur/ adv.  without addition; simply 直呼其名地；简单地，简短地  called James tout court  就直接叫他 James [French, literally ‘very short’]

tout de suite /tu:t ˈswi:t, 法 tud sɥit/ adv.  immediately; at once 立刻；马上 [French]

tovarish /tɒˈvɑ:riʃ/ n. (also 亦作 tovarich) (in the former USSR) comrade (esp. as a form of address) 同志(尤指前苏联的一种对人的称呼形式) [Russian tovarishch]

tow1 /təʊ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (of a motor vehicle, horse, or person controlling it) pull (a boat, another motor vehicle, a caravan, etc.) along by a rope, tow bar, etc. (指汽车、马或驾驶者用绳等物)拖，拉；牵引 2  pull (a person or thing) along behind one 把(某人或某物)拖在后面，拖行 ●n.  the act or an instance of towing; the state of being towed (被)拖，(被)拉；(被)牵引 □ have in (or on) tow   1  be towing (被)拖着 2  be accompanied by and often in charge of (a person) 陪伴着；负责监管着(某人)□ towable  adj.  □ towage  /-idʒ/ n.   [Old English togian from Germanic: related to TUG]

tow2 /təʊ/ n.  1  the coarse and broken part of flax or hemp prepared for spinning (亚麻或大麻准备精纺时的)落纤；短麻屑 2  a loose bunch of rayon etc. strands 纤维束，丝束 □ towy  /ˈtəʊi/ adj.   [Old English, related to Middle Low German touw from Old Saxon tou, related to Old Norse tó ‘wool’]

toward prep. & adj. ●prep. /təˈwɔ:d, twɔ:d, tɔ:d/  = TOWARDS  ●adj. /ˈtəʊəd/ archaic [古义]  1  about to take place; in process 即将发生的；进行中的 2  docile, apt 温顺的，顺从的 3  promising, auspicious 有希望的，有前途的；吉利的，吉祥的

towards /təˈwɔ:dz, twɔ:dz, ˈtɔ:dz/ prep.  1  in the direction of 朝向，朝着  set out towards town  朝着城里进发 2  as regards; in relation to 对，对于；关于  his attitude towards death  他对死亡的态度 3  as a contribution to; for 有助于；用于；为，为了  put this towards your expenses  把这用于你的开销 4  near 接近，将近  towards the end of our journey  接近我们旅途的终点 [Old English tōweard (adj.) ‘future’ (as TO, -WARD)]

tow bar n.  a bar for towing esp. a trailer or caravan (尤指用以牵引拖车或活动房的)牵引杆

tow-coloured adj. (of hair) very light in colour (头发)淡色的，亚麻色的

towel /ˈtaʊəl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a piece of rough-surfaced absorbent cloth used for drying oneself or a thing after washing (在洗完后用以擦干的)毛巾b  absorbent paper etc. used for this (用以擦干的)纸巾c  a cloth used for drying plates, dishes, etc.; a tea towel (用以擦干碗碟等的)抹布 2 Brit. [英]  = SANITARY TOWEL  ●v. (towelled, towelling; US [美] toweled, toweling)  1 tr. (often 常作 refl.)  wipe or dry with a towel 用毛巾擦(或擦干) 2 intr.  wipe or dry oneself with a towel 用毛巾把身体拭干 3 tr. Brit. slang  thrash [英] [俚语]鞭打；棍打 □ towelling  n.   [Middle English from Old French toail(l)e, from Germanic]

towel-horse n.  a wooden frame for hanging towels on (挂毛巾的)毛巾架

towel rail n.  a rail, esp. in a bathroom, for hanging towels on (尤指浴室里挂毛巾的)毛巾架

tower /ˈtaʊə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a tall esp. square or circular structure, often part of a church, castle, etc. (尤指方形或圆形结构的)塔；塔楼(通常是教堂、城堡等建筑物的一部分)b  a fortress etc. comprising or including a tower (有塔楼的)要塞，堡垒c  a tall structure housing machinery, apparatus, operators, etc. (装放机器、设备等的)塔，塔状物  cooling tower  冷却塔 control tower  控制塔 2  a place of defence; a protection 防御地；防护物 ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 above, high)  reach or be high or above; be superior 高耸，屹立；高于 2 (of a bird, esp. a falcon) soar or hover (鸟，尤指鹰)高飞，翱翔 3 (as 作 towering adj.)  a  high, lofty 高耸的；高大的；卓越的，杰出的  towering intellect  卓越的智慧b  violent 激烈的，猛烈的  towering rage  大发雷霆 □ towered  /ˈtaʊəd/ adj.  □ towery  adj.   [Old English torr, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French & Old French tur etc., via Latin turris from Greek]

tower block n. Brit.  a tall building containing offices or flats [英]高层写字楼；高层住宅楼

Tower of Babel n.  a visionary or unrealistic plan 巴别塔，巴别通天塔(指幻想的或不切实际的计划) [Gen. 11: 1 － 9]

tower of silence n.  a tall open-topped structure on which Parsees place their dead 死寂塔台(印度帕西人放置死人的高台)

tower of strength n.  a person who gives strong and reliable support 给予强有力支持的人；可信赖的人

tow-headed adj.  having very light-coloured or unkempt hair 亚麻色头发的 □ tow-head  n.  长有亚麻色头发的人

towhee /ˈtəʊ(h)i:, ˈtaʊ-/ n. N. Amer.  any of several buntings of the genus Pipilo, of brush and woodland in N. America [北美] (生活于北美灌木丛和林地的)红眼雀 [imitative of its call]

towing-path var.  of TOWPATH  TOWPATH 的变体

towing-rope var.  of TOW ROPE  TOW ROPE 的变体

towline /ˈtəʊlain/ n.  = TOW ROPE 

town /taʊn/ n.  1  a  an urban area with a name, defined boundaries, and local government, being larger than a village and usu. not created a city 镇，城镇，市镇(有自己名称、明确界线和本地政府的城区，通常比村庄大但又称不上是城市)b  any densely populated area, esp. as opposed to the country or suburbs (尤指与农村或郊区相对而言的)城区，城市c  the people of a town 全体镇民，全体市民  the whole town knows of it  全城的人都知道此事 2  a Brit.  London or the chief city or town in one's neighbourhood [英]伦敦市；(某人居住地邻近的)主要城市或城镇  went up to town  到城里去b  the central business or shopping area in a neighbourhood 市中心区，市内商业区  just going into town  到市中心区去 3  the permanent residents of a university town as distinct from the members of the university (cf. 参见 GOWN 4) (住在大学城里但又不是大学师生的)大学城居民 4 N. Amer. [北美]  = TOWNSHIP 2  □ go to town  colloq.  act or work with energy or enthusiasm [口]精力充沛地干；有热情地工作□ on the town  colloq.  enjoying the entertainments, esp. the nightlife, of a town; celebrating [口]在城里作乐(尤指在城里过夜生活)□ townish  adj.  □ townless  adj.  □ townlet  n.  □ townward  adj. & adv.  □ townwards  adv.   [Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, from Germanic]

town clerk n.  1 US & hist.  the officer of the corporation of a town in charge of records etc. [美史义] (主管档案等的)镇文书 2 Brit. hist.  the secretary and legal adviser of a town corporation until 1974 [英史义] (指 1974 年以前的)市镇秘书兼行政官

town council n. (esp. in the UK) the elective governing body in a municipality (尤指英国由选举产生的)市政会，镇政会 □ town councillor  n.  

town crier n. hist.  an officer employed by a town council etc. to make public announcements in the streets or market place [史义] (旧时受雇在街头或市场上宣读公告的)公告宣读员

townee var.  of TOWNIE  TOWNIE 的变体

tow-net n. (also 亦作 towing-net)  a net used for dragging through water to collect specimens (水下采集标本用的)拖网

town gas n. Brit.  manufactured gas for domestic and commercial use [英]家用煤气，民用煤气

town hall n.  a building for the administration of local government, having public meeting rooms etc. (地方政府为管理市镇而设有公共会议室的)镇公所；市政厅

town house n.  1  a town residence, esp. of a person with a house in the country (尤指除乡村住宅外同时拥有的)城市住宅，城镇住房 2  a terrace house, esp. of a stylish modern type (尤指具有现代风格的)排屋，连栋房屋 3  a house in a planned group in a town (统一规划的)市区住房 4 Brit.  a town hall [英]镇公所；市政厅

townie /ˈtaʊni/ n. (also 亦作 townee) derog.  a person living in a town, esp. as opposed to a country dweller or member of a university [贬] (尤指与乡下人或大学城师生相对而言的)城里人

town-major n. hist.  the chief executive officer in a garrison town or fortress [史义] (城镇或要塞的)警备长官

town mayor n. Brit.  the chairman of a town council [英]市政会主席，镇政会主席

town meeting n. US  a meeting of the voters of a town for the transaction of public business [美] (为处理公共事务而举行的)镇选民大会

town planning n.  the planning of the construction and growth of towns 市镇建设规划 □ town planner  n.  

townscape /ˈtaʊnskeip/ n.  1  the visual appearance of a town or towns 城市风景，城市景观 2  a picture of a town 城市风景画

townsfolk /ˈtaʊnzfəʊk/ n. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  the inhabitants of a particular town or towns 镇民，市民

township /ˈtaʊnʃip/ n.  1 S. Afr. [南非]  a hist.  an urban area set aside for black occupation [史义] (黑人居住的)城区b (usu. in phr. 通常用于短语 proclaim a new township)  a new area being developed by speculators (开发中的)城市新区 2 N. Amer. [北美]  a  a division of a county with some corporate powers 镇区(县以下的行政区)b  a district six miles square 6 英里见方的地区 3 Brit. hist. [英史义]  a  a community inhabiting a manor, parish, etc. (封建领主的)采邑，领地；(主教管区下的)堂区b  a manor or parish as a territorial division (作为行政区划的)庄园；堂区c  a small town or village forming part of a large parish (构成堂区一部分的)小镇；小村 4 Austral. & NZ  a small town; a town site [澳新]小镇；城市预留地 [Old English tūnscipe (as TOWN, -SHIP)]

townsman /ˈtaʊnzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. townswoman, pl. -women)  an inhabitant of a town; a fellow citizen 镇民；市民；城里人；同乡人

townspeople /ˈtaʊnzpi:p(ə)l/ n. pl.  the people of a town 镇民；市民；城里人

towpath /ˈtəʊpɑ:θ/ n. (also 亦作 towing-path)  a path beside a river or canal, originally used for towing barges by horse (旧时用马沿着河边拖船时行走的)牵道，纤路

towplane /ˈtəʊplein/ n.  an aircraft that tows gliders (滑翔机的)拖曳飞机

tow rope n. (also 亦作 towing-rope)  a line etc. used in towing 拖索，纤绳

towy  see 见 TOW2 

toxaemia /tɒkˈsi:miə/ n. (US [美] toxemia)  1  blood poisoning 毒血症 2  a condition in pregnancy characterized by increased blood pressure (妊娠期的)血压增高 □ toxaemic  adj.   [as TOXI- + -AEMIA]

toxi- /tɒksi/ comb. form (also 亦作 toxico- /ˈtɒksikəʊ/, toxo- /ˈtɒksəʊ/)  poison; poisonous, toxic [构词成分]毒；有毒的，中毒的

toxic /ˈtɒksik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to poison 毒性的；中毒的  toxic symptoms  中毒症状 2  poisonous 有毒的，有害的  toxic gas  有毒气体 3  caused by poison 由毒性引起的  toxic anaemia  中毒性贫血 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  toxic substances 有毒物质 □ toxically  adv.  □ toxicity  /-ˈsisiti/ n.   [medieval Latin toxicus ‘poisoned’ via Latin toxicum from Greek toxikon (pharmakon) ‘(poison for) arrows’, from toxon ‘bow’, toxa ‘arrows’]

toxicant /ˈtɒksik(ə)nt/ n.  a toxic substance, esp. one used as a pesticide etc. (尤指用作杀虫剂等的)毒物，毒药

toxicology /tɒksiˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of poisons 毒理学，毒物学 □ toxicological  /-kəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ toxicologist  n.  

toxic shock syndrome n. Med.  acute septicaemia in women, typically caused by bacterial infection from a retained tampon, IUD, etc. (abbr 缩略 : TSS) 【医】中毒性休克综合征(妇女患的一种急性败血病，通常因月经棉塞、宫内避孕器等细菌感染而造成)

toxin /ˈtɒksin/ n.  a poison produced by a living organism, esp. one formed in the body and stimulating the production of antibodies (尤指体内的生命有机体所产生的)毒素 [TOXIC + -IN]

toxocara /tɒksəˈkɑ:rə/ n.  any nematode worm of the genus Toxocara, esp. a common roundworm found in dogs or cats and transmissible to humans (尤指狗或猫体内的、亦可传染到人体的)弓蛔虫 □ toxocariasis  /-kəˈraiəsis/ n.  弓蛔虫病 [TOXO- (see TOXI-) + Greek kara ‘head’]

toxophilite /tɒkˈsɒfilait/ n. & adj. ●n.  a student or lover of archery 弓箭手；射箭爱好者 ●adj.  of or concerning archery 射箭术的；有关射箭术的 □ toxophily  n.   [Ascham's book Toxophilus (1545), from Greek toxon ‘bow’ + -philos -PHILE]

toxoplasmosis /ˌtɒksəʊplæzˈməʊsis/ n. Med.  a disease caused by infection with the sporozoan Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted esp. through poorly prepared food or in cat faeces and dangerous in unborn children 【医】(因孢子虫感染而引起的)弓形体病，弓浆虫病 [TOXO- (see TOXI-) + PLASMA + -OSIS]

toy /tɔi/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a plaything, esp. for a child (尤指小孩玩的)玩具b (often 常作 attrib.)  a model or miniature replica of a thing, esp. as a plaything (尤指当作玩具的)玩物，小玩艺儿  toy gun  玩具枪 2  a  a thing, esp. a gadget or instrument, regarded as providing amusement (尤指供玩赏的)小东西，小玩艺儿b  a task or undertaking regarded in an unserious way (不是很认真考虑的)事情；儿戏 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a diminutive breed or variety of dog etc. 小体型动物(如狗等) ●v. intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  1  trifle, amuse oneself, esp. with a person's affections; flirt 玩弄，戏耍(尤指人的感情)；调情，调戏  toyed with the idea of going to Africa  不是很认真地考虑去非洲的事 2  a  move a material object idly 随意地拨弄(某物)  toyed with her necklace  随意地拨弄着她的项链b  nibble at food etc. unenthusiastically 拨弄(饭食等) (指不好好地吃)  toyed with a peach  不好好地吃桃子 □ toylike  adj.   [Middle English: origin unknown]

toy-box n.  a usu. wooden box for keeping toys in (常用来存放玩具的)玩具箱

toyboy /ˈtɔibɔi/ n. Brit. colloq.  a woman's much younger male lover [英口] (比女人自己年轻得多的)小情人

toymaker /ˈtɔimeikə/ n.  a maker or manufacturer of toys 玩具制造商

toyshop /ˈtɔiʃɒp/ n.  a shop which sells toys 玩具店

toy soldier n.  1  a miniature figure of a soldier 玩具兵 2 colloq.  a soldier in a peacetime army [口] (和平时期的)士兵

toytown /ˈtɔitaʊn/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  resembling a model of a town; seemingly diminutive 像城市模型的；微型的 2  quaint, lightweight 老式别致的，古雅小巧的

Tpr. abbr. [缩略]  Trooper 

TQM abbr. [缩略]  Total Quality Management 

trabeation /treibiˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the use of beams instead of arches or vaulting in construction (建筑上的)横梁式结构 □ trabeate  /ˈtreibiət/ adj.  横梁式结构的 [Latin trabs trabis ‘beam’]

trabecula /trəˈbekjʊlə/ n. (pl. trabeculae /-li:/)  1 Anat.  a supporting band or bar of connective or bony tissue, esp. dividing an organ into chambers 【解】(尤指把某一器官分隔成若干部分的)小梁，小柱；分隔带 2 Bot.  a beamlike projection or process within a hollow structure 【植】(苔藓植物蒴齿的)横条，横隔片 □ trabecular  adj.  □ trabeculate  /-lət/ adj.   [Latin, diminutive of trabs ‘beam’]

tracasserie /trəˈkæs(ə)ri/ n.  1  a state of annoyance 烦恼，烦扰 2  a fuss; a petty quarrel 混乱，忙乱；小争吵 [French from tracasser ‘bustle’]

trace1 /treis/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  observe, discover, or find vestiges or signs of by investigation 探索，探究；查出；看出；找到b (often foll. by 常后跟 along, through, to, etc.)  follow or mark the track or position of 追踪，跟踪；勾画出…的轮廓  traced their footprints in the mud  循着泥地的足印跟踪 traced the outlines of a wall  勾画出墙壁的轮廓c (often foll. by 常后跟 back)  follow to its origins 追溯；追究  can trace my family to the 12th century  我的家族可追溯到 12 世纪 the report has been traced back to you  那报告又追究到你的头上了 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  copy (a drawing etc.) by drawing over its lines on a superimposed piece of translucent paper, or by using carbon paper (用透明纸或用碳纸)描摹，临摹(画等) 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  mark out, delineate, sketch, or write esp. laboriously 描绘；草拟；(费力地)写  traced out a plan of the district  描绘出该地区的规划 traced out his vision of the future  描绘出他对未来的设想 4  pursue one's way along (a path etc.) 沿着(路等)走，在(路上等)走 ●n.  1  a  a sign or mark or other indication of something having existed; a vestige 印记，印痕；痕迹，遗迹  no trace remains of the castle  城堡已荡然无存了 has the traces of a vanished beauty  昔日的美丽仍依稀可见b  a very small quantity 微量，少许c  an amount of rainfall etc. too small to be measured (下得太少而没法测定的)微雨量 2  a track or footprint left by a person or animal (人或动物留下的)足迹，踪迹 3  a track left by the moving pen of an instrument etc. (仪器等录下的)轨迹，迹线 4  a line on the screen of a cathode ray tube showing the path of a moving spot (电子屏幕上显示移动路线的)描记线 5  a curve's projection on or intersection with a plane etc. (在平面上的)曲线投影，波纹线，曲线 6  a change in the brain caused by learning processes (学习过程中大脑的)记忆痕迹，印迹 □ traceable  adj.  □ traceability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ traceless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French trace (n.), tracier (v.) from Latin tractus ‘drawing’: see TRACT1]

trace2 /treis/ n.  each of the two side straps, chains, or ropes by which a horse draws a vehicle (用来套马拉车的)挽绳，缰绳 □ kick over the traces   become insubordinate or reckless 挣脱羁绊；摆脱控制；不听指挥 [Middle English from Old French trais, pl. of TRAIT]

trace element n.  1  a chemical element occurring in minute amounts (化学的)微量元素 2  a chemical element required only in minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth (生命有机体正常生长所需要的)微量元素

trace fossil n.  a fossil that represents a burrow, footprint, etc., of an organism (有机物体的)足印化石

trace-horse n.  a horse that draws in traces or by a single trace, esp. one hitched on to help uphill etc. (系有牵曳皮带的、尤指有助于爬坡的)挽马

tracer /ˈtreisə/ n.  1  a person or thing that traces 追踪者；追踪装置 2 Mil. 【军】  a  a bullet etc. whose course is made visible in flight because of flames etc. emitted (因发出火焰而使其飞行轨迹能被看到的)曳光弹b  such bullets etc. collectively, used to assist in aiming (用以帮助确定目标而集中发射的)曳光弹 3  an artificially produced radioactive isotope capable of being followed through the body by the radiation it produces 显迹同位素(人工生产的放射性同位素，可通过其放射的光而被跟踪)

tracery /ˈtreis(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  ornamental stone openwork esp. in the upper part of a Gothic window (尤指哥特式窗户上半部的装饰性)透雕石花格 2  a fine decorative pattern (装饰用的)花格子 3  a natural object finely patterned (自然格调的)装饰物 □ traceried  adj.  

Tracey /ˈtreisi/   特蕾西 [人名]

trachea /trəˈki:ə, ˈtreikiə/ n. (pl. tracheae /-ˈki:i:/ or tracheas)  1  the passage reinforced by rings of cartilage, through which air reaches the bronchial tubes from the larynx; the windpipe (喉部由环状形软骨构成的)气管 2  each of the air passages in the body of an insect etc. (昆虫等体内的)气管 3  any duct or vessel in a plant (植物的)导管 □ tracheal  /ˈtreikiəl/ adj.  □ tracheate  /ˈtreikieit/ adj.   [Middle English from medieval Latin, = Late Latin trachia from Greek trakheia (artēria) ‘rough (artery) ’, from trakhus ‘rough’]

tracheo- /trəˈki:əʊ, ˈtrækiəʊ, ˈtreikiəʊ/ comb. form  trachea [构词成分]气管

tracheotomy /trækiˈɒtəmi/ n. (also 亦作 tracheostomy /-ˈɒstəmi/) (pl. -ies)  an incision made in the trachea to relieve an obstruction to breathing (为除掉呼吸障碍而施行的)气管切开(术)

tracheotomy tube n.  a breathing tube inserted into a tracheotomy 气管切开插管

trachoma /trəˈkəʊmə/ n.  a contagious disease of the eye with inflamed granulation on the inner surface of the lids, caused by chlamydiae 沙眼(眼睛感染疾病，由衣原体引起眼皮内侧出现红肿颗粒) □ trachomatous  /-ˈkəʊmətəs, -ˈkɒmətəs/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek trakhōma, from trakhus ‘rough’]

trachyte /ˈtreikait, ˈtrækait/ n.  a light-coloured volcanic rock rough to the touch 粗面岩(摸起来感觉粗糙的颜色偏淡的火山岩石) □ trachytic  /trəˈkitik/ adj.   [French from Greek trakhutēs ‘roughness’ (as TRACHOMA)]

tracing /ˈtreisiŋ/ n.  1  a copy of a drawing etc. made by tracing 描摹图，映写图 2  = TRACE1n. 3  3  the act or an instance of tracing 描摹，映写

tracing paper n.  translucent paper used for making tracings 描图透明纸，描摹图纸

track1 /træk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a mark or marks left by a person, animal, or thing in passing (人、动物或物体穿过时留下的)印记，痕迹b (in pl. 用复数)  such marks, esp. footprints 足印，足迹；踪迹 2  a rough path, esp. one beaten by use (尤指踩出的)小道，小径 3  a continuous railway line 轨道，铁轨  laid three miles of track  铺设了三英里的轨道 4  a  a racecourse for horses, dogs, etc. (赛马、赛狗等的)跑道b  a prepared course for runners etc.; an equivalent section of a cassette tape, compact disc, etc. (跑步等用的)跑道；(磁带、 CD 等的)音轨，声轨 5  a  a groove on a gramophone record (留声机唱片的)声槽b  a section of a gramophone record, cassette tape, compact disc, etc., containing one song etc. (留声机唱片、磁带、 CD 等上面的)一首歌曲；一段录音c  a lengthwise strip of magnetic tape containing one sequence of signals (包含一连串信号的)磁道，磁迹 6  = SOUNDTRACK  7  a  a line of travel, passage, or motion 旅行线；行动路线  followed the track of the hurricane  跟随着飓风的路线b  the path travelled by a ship, aircraft, etc. (cf. 参见 COURSE n. 2c) (轮船、飞机等的)航线 8 US Education [美]【教育】  = STREAMn. 4  9  a continuous band around the wheels of a tank, tractor, etc. (坦克、拖拉机等的)履带 10  the transverse distance between a vehicle's wheels (汽车左右车轮之间的)轮距 11  a  a course of action or conduct; a way of proceeding 行动路线；行为方式  America followed in the same track  美国遵循的是同样的路线b  a line of reasoning or thought 推理方式；思路  this track proved fruitless  这种思路证明是无效的 ●v.  1 tr.  follow the track of (an animal, person, spacecraft, etc.) 跟踪，追踪(动物、人、宇宙飞船等) 2 tr.  make out (a course, development, etc.); trace by vestiges 追随；了解(潮流、发展等) 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 back, in, etc.) (of a film or television camera) move in relation to the subject being filmed (摄影机、摄像机等)追踪(拍摄的目标) 4 intr. (of a stylus) follow a groove in a record (唱针)沿着唱片纹道移动 5 tr. US Education  assign (a pupil) to a course of study according to ability [美]【教育】(按照能力)把(学生)分组(或分班) 6 intr. (of wheels) run so that the back ones are exactly in the track of the front ones (指轮子互相)吻合；正直行驶 7 tr. N. Amer. [北美]  a  make a track with (dirt etc.) from the feet (双脚)留下(泥土等)的足印b  leave such a track on (a floor etc.) 在(地板等上面)留下足印 □ in one's tracks  colloq.  where one stands, there and then [口]就地，当场；立即  stopped him in his tracks  当场就制止了他□ keep (or lose) track of   follow (or fail to follow) the course or development of 跟上(或不能跟上)…的发展进程□ make tracks  colloq.  go or run away [口]匆匆离去，跑开□ make tracks for  colloq.  go in pursuit of or towards [口]走向；跑向；追求□ off the track   away from the subject. 离题，跑题，偏离正题□ on a person's track   1  in pursuit of him or her 追踪着某人 2  in possession of a clue to a person's conduct, plans, etc. 掌握着某人(行动、计划等的)线索□ on the wrong side of (or across) the tracks  colloq.  in a poor or less prestigious part of town [口]在城市贫民区；在名声不太好的城区□ on the wrong (or right) track   following the wrong (or right) line of inquiry 循着错误(或正确)的路线调查□ track down   reach or capture by tracking 跟踪找到；追捕到；追查到□ track with  Austral. slang  associate with; court [澳] [俚语]与…有联系；向…求婚；向…献殷勤□ trackage  US [美] n.   [Middle English from Old French trac, perhaps from Low German or Dutch tre(c)k ‘draught’ etc.]

track2 /træk/ v.  1 tr.  tow (a boat) by rope etc. from a bank 在岸上用纤绳拉(船) 2 intr.  travel by being towed (船)被拖着前行；乘拖船旅行 [apparently from Dutch trekken ‘to draw’ etc., assimilated to TRACK1]

trackball /ˈtrækbɔ:l/ n. Computing  a small ball that is rotated in a holder to move a cursor on a screen 【计算】跟踪球(用来操纵显示屏上光标移动的设备)

trackbed /ˈtrækbed/ n.  the foundation layer on which railway tracks are laid (铁路铺设的)路基，路床

tracker /ˈtrækə/ n.  1  a person or thing that tracks 追踪者，追捕者；跟踪器 2  a police dog tracking by scent (循迹追踪的)警犬 3  a wooden connecting rod in the mechanism of an organ (管风琴的)木连杆 4  = BLACK TRACKER 

track events n. pl.  running races as opposed to jumping etc. (cf. 参见 FIELD EVENTS) (相对于跳跃等的)径赛项目

tracking /ˈtrækiŋ/ n.  1 Electr.  the formation of a conducting path over the surface of an insulating material 【电】(绝缘材料表面的)漏电痕迹 2 US Education  the streaming of school pupils [美]【教育】(小学生的)分班(或分组)

tracking station n.  an establishment set up to track objects in the sky (跟踪天空物体的)跟踪站

tracklayer /ˈtrækleiə/ n.  1 US [美]  = TRACKMAN  2  a tractor or other vehicle equipped with continuous tracks (see 见 TRACK1 n. 9) 履带式拖拉机；履带式车辆

track-laying n. & adj. ●n.  the laying of railway track 铁轨铺设，铺轨(作业) ●adj. (of a vehicle) having a caterpillar tread (指车)履带式的

tracklement /ˈtræk(ə)lm(ə)nt/ n. Brit.  an item of food, esp. a jelly, served with meat [英]同肉食一起上桌的食品(尤指肉冻) [20th c.: origin unknown]

trackless /ˈtræklis/ adj.  1  without a track or tracks; untrodden 无踪迹的；无人迹的，人迹罕至的 2  leaving no track or trace 不留痕迹的 3  not running on a track 不在轨道上行驶的，无轨的

trackless trolley n. US  a trolleybus [美]无轨电车

trackman /ˈtrækmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a platelayer 铺轨工人；线路工区工人

track record n.  a person's past performance or achievements (个人的)成绩记录

track shoe n.  a spiked shoe worn by a runner (跑步者穿的)跑鞋，钉鞋

tracksuit /ˈtræksu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a loose warm suit worn by an athlete etc., esp. for exercising or jogging 田径服(田径运动员等穿的一种宽松暖和的服装，尤用于体操或慢跑)

track system n. US  streaming in education [美] (教学上的)分轨制

trackway /ˈtrækwei/ n.  a beaten path; an ancient roadway 踩出来的路；古道

tract1 /trækt/ n.  1  a region or area of indefinite, esp. large, extent (尤指无边无际的)大片地区；一大块土地  pathless desert tracts  没有道路的沙漠地区 2 Anat.  an area of an organ or system 【解】(器官或人体系统的)道；束  respiratory tract  呼吸道 3 Brit. archaic  a period of time etc. [英古义]一段时间 [Latin tractus ‘drawing’ from trahere tract- ‘draw, pull’]

tract2 /trækt/ n.  a short treatise in pamphlet form esp. on a religious subject (尤指宗教题材的)短文；传单，小册子 [apparently abbreviation of Latin tractatus TRACTATE]

tract3 /trækt/ n. RC Ch. & Mus.  an anthem replacing the alleluia in some masses 【天主教】【音】(做弥撒时连续咏唱的)赞美诗 [medieval Latin tractus (cantus) ‘drawn-out (song)’, past part. of Latin trahere ‘draw’]

tractable /ˈtræktəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) easily handled; manageable; docile (指人)易对付的；好管教的；温顺的，顺从的 2 (of material etc.) pliant, malleable (指材料等)易处理的；易加工的 □ tractability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ tractableness  n.  □ tractably  adv.   [Latin tractabilis from tractare ‘handle’, frequentative of trahere tract- ‘draw’]

Tractarianism /trækˈtɛəriəniz(ə)m/ n. hist. [史义]  = OXFORD MOVEMENT  □ Tractarian  adj. & n.  牛津运动的；牛津运动发起者(或拥护者)的 [after Tracts for the Times, published in Oxford 1833 － 41 and outlining the movement's principles]

tractate /ˈtrækteit/ n.  a treatise 论文；短文 [Latin tractatus from tractare: see TRACTABLE]

traction /ˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act of drawing or pulling a thing over a surface, esp. a road or track (尤指在路面或轨道上对物体的)牵引，拖拉  steam traction  蒸气牵引 2  a  a sustained pulling on a limb, muscle, etc., by means of pulleys, weights, etc. (滑轮、砝码等作用于四肢、肌肉等的)拉力；牵引力b  contraction, e.g. of a muscle (肌肉等的)收缩(力) 3  the grip of a tyre on a road, a wheel on a rail, etc. (轮胎摩擦路面、轮子摩擦轨道等的)摩擦力 □ tractional  adj.  □ tractive  /ˈtræktiv/ adj.   [French traction or medieval Latin tractio, from Latin trahere tract- ‘to draw’]

traction engine n.  a steam or diesel engine for drawing heavy loads on roads, fields, etc. (在路面、田间等地用蒸气或柴油作动力拖拉重物的)牵引车，牵引机车

traction wheel n.  the driving wheel of a locomotive etc. (机车等的)牵引轮

tractor /ˈtræktə/ n.  1  a motor vehicle used for hauling esp. farm machinery, heavy loads, etc. 拖拉机(一种尤其用来拖拉农机或重物的机车) 2  a traction engine 牵引车 [Late Latin tractor (as TRACTION)]

Tracy /ˈtreisi/   特蕾西 [人名]

trad /træd/ n. & adj. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口] ●n.  traditional jazz 传统爵士乐 ●adj.  traditional 传统的；传统爵士乐的 [abbreviation]

trade /treid/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  buying and selling 交易；贸易b  buying and selling conducted between nations etc. (两国等之间的)贸易c  business conducted for profit (esp. as distinct from a profession) (尤指区别于专业化的)职业；行业  a butcher by trade  以屠宰为业d  business of a specified nature or time (某一特定性质或特定时间的)行业；生意  Christmas trade  圣诞节期间的生意 tourist trade  旅游业 2  a skilled handicraft esp. requiring an apprenticeship (尤指需要专门学艺的)手艺  learnt a trade  学一门手艺 his trade is plumbing  他从事的是管道工行业 3 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  a  the people engaged in a specific trade (从事某一行业的)同行，同人  the trade will never agree to it  同行们绝不会同意此事的 trade enquiries only  同行只会相争b Brit. colloq.  licensed victuallers [英口]持有执照的酒商c Brit. slang  the submarine service [英] [俚语]潜艇部队 4 US  a transaction, esp. a swap [美] (尤指相互交换的)贸易 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a trade wind 贸易风，信风 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, with)  engage in trade; buy and sell 从事贸易；进行交易；做买卖，做生意  trades in plastic novelties  做各种塑料的新鲜玩意儿生意 we trade with Japan  我们与日本做生意 2 tr.  a  exchange in commerce; barter (goods) 进行商业交换；物物对换b  exchange (insults, blows, etc.) 相互对骂；相互攻击c esp. N. Amer. (foll. by 后跟 for)  swap, exchange [尤北美]与…作交换 3 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with, for)  have a transaction with a person for a thing 与(某人)交换(某物) 4 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  carry goods to a place 运送商品(到某地) 5 intr. (of shares, currency, etc.) be bought and sold (股票、货币等)交易  the pound is trading lower this month  这个月英镑的交易额下降了 □ be in trade  Brit. esp. derog.  be in commerce, esp. keep a shop [英] [尤贬]是做生意的；是开铺子的□ trade in  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  exchange (esp. a used car etc.) in part payment for another 以(旧车等旧物)折价贴换同类新物□ trade off   exchange, esp. as a compromise (尤指)放弃…(作为让步以换取他物)□ trade on   take advantage of (a person's credulity, one's reputation, etc.) 利用(某人的轻信或声誉等)□ tradable  adj.  □ tradeable  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Low German trade ‘track’ from Old Saxon trada, Old High German trata: related to TREAD]

Trade Board n. Brit. hist.  a statutory body for settling disputes etc. in certain industries [英史义] (在某些行业中为解决纠纷等问题而设置的)劳资协商委员会

trade book n.  a book published by a commercial publisher and intended for general readership (商业性出版社为普通读者出版的)普通版图书

trade cycle n. Brit.  recurring periods of boom and recession [英] (繁荣和衰退循环出现的)商业循环，商业周期

trade deficit n.  the extent by which a country's imports exceed its exports 贸易赤字(指一国的进口额超过了出口额)

trade gap n.  = TRADE DEFICIT 

trade-in n.  a thing, esp. a car, exchanged in part payment for another (以旧物折价抵消部分货价的)折价物

trade journal n.  a periodical containing news etc. concerning a particular trade (刊载某一行业讯息等的)行业杂志

trade-last n. US  a compliment from a third person which is reported to the person complimented in exchange for one to the reporter [美] (要对方把第三者恭维自己的话先说出来后，才说给对方听的)别人恭维对方的话

trade mark n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 trademark)  1  a device, word, or words, secured by legal registration or established by use as representing a company, product, etc. (已获得合法注册登记权、用以代表某公司或某产品的)商标，牌号 2  a distinctive characteristic etc. 明显特征；标记 ●v. tr. (作 trademark)  provide with a trade mark 给…标上商标，用商标标明

trade name n.  1  a name by which a thing is called in a trade 商标名 2  a name given to a product 商品名 3  a name under which a business trades (商行的)牌号

trade-off n.  a balance achieved between two desirable but incompatible features; a compromise, a bargain (两个既理想又互不相容的特征之间所达成的)平衡，协调；公平交易，平等交换

trade paper n.  = TRADE JOURNAL 

trade plates n. pl. Brit.  number plates used by a car-dealer etc. on unlicensed cars [英] (汽车还未办执照的)临时号码牌

trade price n.  a wholesale price charged to the dealer before goods are retailed (商品在零售之前的)批发价

trader /ˈtreidə/ n.  1  a person engaged in trade 商人；贸易者 2  a merchant ship 商船，贸易船

tradescantia /trædiˈskæntiə/ n.  any usu. trailing plant of the genus Tradescantia, with large blue, white, or pink flowers 紫露草(花朵硕大，分蓝色、白色或粉红色) [modern Latin, named after J. Tradescant, English naturalist d. 1638]

trade secret n.  1  a secret device or technique used esp. in a trade 行业秘密(尤指某一行业的秘密配方或秘密技术) 2 joc.  any secret [诙] (任何)秘密

tradesman /ˈtreidzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. tradeswoman, pl. -women)  a person engaged in trading or a trade, esp. Brit. a shopkeeper or skilled craftsman 商人，做生意的人(在英国尤指店主或手艺人)

tradespeople /ˈtreidzpi:p(ə)l/ n. pl.  people engaged in trade and their families 商人们；店主及其家属

Trades Union Congress n. Brit.  the official representative body of British trade unions, meeting annually [英] (一年一度的)英国职工代表大会

trade union n. (also Brit. [亦英] trades union)  an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or a profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests 工会(某一行业或多个行业的工人们为保护和促进自身权利及利益而联合起来组成的协会) □ trade unionism  n.  工会主义，工联主义

trade unionist n. (also Brit. [亦英] trades unionist)  a member of a trade union 工会会员；工会主义者，工联主义者

trade-weighted adj. (esp. of exchange rates) weighted according to the importance of the trade with the various countries involved (根据对不同国家贸易关系重要性，尤指对外汇率)按贸易额加权的

trade wind n.  a wind blowing continually towards the equator and deflected westward, from obsolete blow trade = blow regularly 贸易风，信风(指不断地朝向赤道和偏西方吹的风)

trading /ˈtreidiŋ/ n.  the act of engaging in trade 贸易；交易；经商；交换

trading estate n. esp. Brit.  a specially designed industrial and commercial area [尤英] (专门设立的)工商业区

trading post n.  a store etc. established in a remote or unsettled region (设在人口稀少地区的)贸易点

trading stamp n.  a stamp given to customers by some stores which is exchangeable in large numbers for various articles 赠券(商店送给顾客赠券，积攒许多后可换取各种不同商品)

trading station n. esp. hist.  a place established or visited for trade [尤史义]贸易站

tradition /trəˈdiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a custom, opinion, or belief handed down to posterity esp. orally or by practice 传统(尤指口头或通过实践传给后代的习俗、观点或信仰)b  this process of handing down 传承，传袭 2 esp. joc.  an established practice or custom [尤诙] (长期养成的)风俗，习惯  it's a tradition to complain about the weather  抱怨天气是人们的一种习惯 3  artistic, literary, etc., principles based on experience and practice; any one of these (基于经验和实践的文学和艺术等的)传统原理  stage tradition  舞台艺术传统 traditions of the Dutch School  荷兰学派的传统 4 Theol.  doctrine or a particular doctrine etc. claimed to have divine authority without documentary evidence, esp. 【神】声称具有神旨权威而并不具有书面证据的某种教义，尤指 :a  the oral teaching of Christ and the Apostles (耶稣基督及其使徒的)口头教义b  the laws held by the Pharisees to have been delivered by God to Moses (法利赛人认为由上帝传达给摩西的)诫条c  the words and deeds of Muhammad not in the Koran (《古兰经》里未提到的)穆罕默德言行 5 Law  the formal delivery of property etc. 【法律】(财产等的)正式交付；移交 □ traditionary  adj.  □ traditionist  n.  □ traditionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French tradicion or Latin traditio from tradere ‘hand on, betray’ (as TRANS-, dare ‘give’)]

traditional /trəˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, based on, or obtained by tradition 传统的；习俗的；惯例的；因袭的 2 (of jazz) in the style of the early 20th c. 传统爵士乐的(指 20 世纪早期的爵士乐风格) □ traditionally  adv.  

traditionalism /trəˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  respect, esp. excessive, for tradition, esp. in religion 传统主义(对传统的过分尊重，尤其在宗教上) 2  a philosophical system referring all religious knowledge to divine revelation and tradition 宗教传统主义(把所有宗教知识都归于神的启示和传统的哲学体系) □ traditionalist  n. & adj.  □ traditionalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

traditor /ˈtræditə/ n. (pl. traditors or traditores /-ˈtɔ:ri:z/) hist.  an early Christian who surrendered copies of Scripture or Church property to his or her persecutors to save his or her life [史义] (受不了迫害而把教义书或教会财产交出的)早期基督教徒；叛教者 [Latin: see TRAITOR]

traduce /trəˈdju:s/ v. tr.  speak ill of; misrepresent 诽谤，恶语中伤；违反，背叛 □ traducement  n.  □ traducer  n.   [Latin traducere ‘disgrace’ (as TRANS-, ducere duct- ‘to lead’)]

traffic /ˈtræfik/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (often 常作 attrib.)  a  vehicles moving in a public highway, esp. of a specified kind, density, etc. (尤指公路上特定的种类或密度的)交通；车辆往来  heavy traffic on the M1  一号大街上交通繁忙 traffic accident  交通事故b  such movement in the air or at sea (空中或海上的)交通 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  trade, esp. illegal (尤指非法的)贸易，交易  the traffic in drugs  毒品交易 3  a  the transportation of goods, the coming and going of people or goods by road, rail, air, sea, etc. (公路、铁路、空中、海上等的)商品运输；人来人往b  the persons or goods so transported (运输过程中的)人或商品 4  dealings or communication between people etc. (人之间的)交往，交流  had no traffic with them  与他们没有交往 5  the messages, signals, etc., transmitted through a communications system; the flow or volume of such business (通过通讯系统传送的)通信，信号；通信量 ●v. (trafficked, trafficking)  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  deal in something, esp. illegally (尤指非法地)做买卖；交易  trafficked in narcotics  做毒品交易 traffics in innuendo  相互诽谤 2 tr.  deal in; barter 以…进行交易；用…进行交换 □ trafficker  n.  □ trafficless  adj.   [French traf(f)ique, Spanish trɑˊfico, Italian traffico, of unknown origin]

trafficator /ˈtræfikeitə/ n. Brit. hist.  a signal attached to the side of a motor vehicle, raised and illuminated automatically to indicate a change of direction [英史义] (指汽车侧边自动显示方向改变的)方向指示器 [TRAFFIC + INDICATOR]

traffic calming n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the deliberate slowing of traffic, esp. along residential streets, by building road humps, obstructions, etc. (尤指在居民区街道上修建小凸面障碍物等的)交通减速障碍 [translation of German Verkehrsberuhigung]

traffic circle n. N. Amer.  a roundabout [北美]环形交通枢纽

traffic cop n. colloq.  a traffic police officer [口]交通警，交警

traffic island n.  a paved or grassed area in a road to divert traffic and provide a refuge for pedestrians 交通岛，安全岛(为分流交通并为行人提供安全庇护而铺设或绿化的一块地方)

traffic jam n.  a line or lines of traffic at a standstill because of roadworks, an accident, etc. (因路面施工或事故等造成交通停滞不前的)交通堵塞

traffic light n. (also 亦作 traffic lights, traffic signal)  a usu. automatic signal controlling road traffic esp. at junctions by coloured lights 交通灯，红绿灯(尤指在交叉路口用不同颜色的灯来控制路面交通的自动信号)

traffic sign n.  a sign conveying information, a warning, etc., to vehicle-drivers (给汽车驾驶员提供信息或警示的)交通标志

traffic warden n. Brit.  a uniformed official employed to help control road traffic and esp. parking [英]交通监督员；(尤指)停车场管理员

tragacanth /ˈtræɡəkænθ/ n.  a white or reddish gum from a plant, Astragalus gummifer, used in pharmacy, printing on calico, etc., as a vehicle for drugs, dye, etc. 黄芪胶(白色或淡红色树胶，可用于制药、棉布印染等) [French tragacante via Latin tragacantha from Greek tragakantha, the name of a shrub, from tragos ‘goat’ + akantha ‘thorn’]

tragedian /trəˈdʒi:diən/ n.  1  a writer of tragedies 悲剧作家 2  an actor in tragedy 悲剧演员 [Middle English from Old French tragediane (as TRAGEDY)]

tragedienne /trəˌdʒi:diˈen/ n.  an actress in tragedy 悲剧女演员 [French fem (as TRAGEDIAN)]

tragedy /ˈtrædʒidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophe 伤亡事故；(犯罪)惨案；天灾人祸 2  a sad event; a calamity 悲惨事件；灾难  the team's defeat is a tragedy  球队输了球是一件悲伤的事 3  a  a play in verse or prose dealing with tragic events and with an unhappy ending, esp. concerning the downfall of the protagonist 悲剧，悲剧作品(用诗体或散文体来处理悲剧事件的戏剧作品，往往结局不幸，尤指主人公遭受不幸)b  tragic plays as a genre (cf. 参见 COMEDY) (作为文学体裁的)悲剧，悲剧作品 [Middle English via Old French tragedie and Latin tragoedia, from Greek tragōidia, apparently from tragos ‘goat’ + ōidē ‘song’]

tragic /ˈtrædʒik/ adj.  1 (also 亦作 tragical /-k(ə)l/)  sad; calamitous; greatly distressing 悲伤的；悲惨的；可悲的，灾难的  a tragic tale  一个悲伤的故事 2  of, or in the style of, tragedy 悲剧的；悲剧风格的  tragic drama  悲剧风格的戏剧 a tragic actor  悲剧演员 □ tragically  adv.   [French tragique via Latin tragicus from Greek tragikos, from tragos ‘goat’: see TRAGEDY]

tragic irony n.  a device, originally in Greek tragedy, by which words carry a tragic, esp. prophetic, meaning to the audience, unknown to the character speaking 悲剧性讽示(源于古希腊悲剧的一种讽刺手法，指剧中人未察觉而观众却能领会的讽刺)

tragicomedy /trædʒiˈkɒmidi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a play etc. having a mixture of comedy and tragedy (悲剧和喜剧成分相混杂的)悲喜剧b  plays etc. of this kind as a genre (作为体裁的)悲喜剧 2  an event etc. having tragic and comic elements 又悲又喜的事情(或场合等) □ tragicomic  adj.  □ tragicomically  adv.   [French tragicomédie or Italian tragicomedia via Late Latin tragicomoedia from Latin tragico-comoedia (as TRAGIC, COMEDY)]

tragopan /ˈtræɡəpæn/ n.  any Asian pheasant of the genus Tragopan, with erect fleshy horns on its head 角雉(产于亚洲的野鸡，其头上长有直立的肉角) [Latin from Greek, from tragos ‘goat’ + Pan, the name of the god]

trahison des clercs /ˌtrɑ:iˌzɒ˜ dei ˈklɛə, 法 traizɔ˜ de klɛr/ n.  the betrayal of standards, scholarship, etc., by intellectuals 知识分子(对原则、学术等方面)的背叛，背弃 [French, title of a book by J. Benda (1927)]

trail /treil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a track left by a thing, person, etc., moving over a surface (人或物从表面上移过时留下的)痕迹；足迹；踪迹  left a trail of wreckage  留下毁坏的残骸 a slug's slimy trail  鼻涕虫爬过后的泥印b  a track or scent followed in hunting, seeking, etc. (狩猎或搜寻中的)踪迹；嗅迹；气味  he's on the trail  他循迹跟踪 2  a beaten path or track, esp. through a wild region (尤指穿越荒野地区的)小路，小径 3  a part dragging behind a thing or person; an appendage (人或物后面的)拖曳物；裙裾；尾随物；尾部  a trail of smoke  一缕烟雾 a condensation trail  凝结尾迹 4  the rear end of a gun carriage, resting or sliding on the ground when the gun is unlimbered (火炮没有上架而停放在地面时的)架尾 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  draw or be drawn along behind, esp. on the ground (尤指在地面上)拖，拉；使拖在后面 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 behind)  walk wearily; lag; straggle 拖沓行走；无精打采地走；落后于 3 tr.  follow the trail of; pursue 跟踪；追寻；跟随  trailed him to his home  跟踪他一直到家 4 intr.  be losing in a game or other contest (在比赛中)输；落后  trailing by three points  落后三分 5 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away, off)  peter out; tail off 逐渐减少，逐渐减弱；慢慢消失 6 intr.  a (of a plant etc.) grow or hang over a wall, along the ground etc. (植物等)蔓延，蔓生b (of a garment etc.) hang loosely (衣服等宽松地)下垂；拖地 7 tr. (often 常作 refl.)  drag (oneself, one's limbs, etc.) along wearily etc. 疲惫不堪地拖着(身子或四肢)行走 8 tr.  advertise (a film, a radio or television programme, etc.) in advance by showing extracts etc. 预告(电影，广播或电视节目等) 9 tr.  apply (slip) through a nozzle or spout to decorate ceramic ware (通过管嘴或喷嘴)涂(泥釉)于陶瓷上 □ at the trail  Mil.  with arms trailed 【军】持着枪□ trail arms  Mil.  let a rifle etc. hang balanced in one hand and, Brit., parallel to the ground 【军】(与地面成平行地)持枪□ trail one's coat   deliberately provoke a quarrel, fight, etc. 故意挑起(争吵、打架等) [Middle English (earlier as verb) from Old French traillier ‘to tow’, or via Middle Low German treilen ‘haul’ from Latin tragula ‘dragnet’]

trail bike n.  a light motorcycle for use in rough terrain 轻型摩托车

trailblazer /ˈtreilbleizə/ n.  1  a person who marks a new track through wild country 开路人；拓荒者 2  a pioneer; an innovator 先驱；创始人 □ trailblazing  n. & attrib. adj.  

trailer /ˈtreilə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vehicle towed by another, esp. 拖车，尤指 :a  the rear section of an articulated lorry (货车后的)挂车b  an open cart 敞篷拖车c  a platform for transporting a boat etc. (运输船只等的)平台d N. Amer.  a caravan [北美]活动住房 2  a series of brief extracts from a film etc., used to advertise it in advance (用来作预告宣传的)电影片断 3  a person or thing that trails 拖曳者；拖曳物 4  a trailing plant 蔓生植物 ●v. tr.  1  transport by trailer 用拖车载运 2  advertise (a film etc.) in advance by trailer 广告，预告(电影等)

trailer park n. N. Amer. [北美]  = CARAVAN SITE 

trailing arbutus n. US  the mayflower, Epigaea repens [美]山枇杷柴

trailing edge n.  1  the rear edge of an aircraft's wing etc. (飞机翼或尾翼的)后缘 2 Electronics  the part of a pulse in which the amplitude diminishes 【电子学】(脉冲的)后沿

trailing wheel n.  a wheel not given direct motive power (不直接提供驱动功能的)后轮，从轮

trail-net n.  a dragnet 拖网

train /trein/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  teach (a person, animal, oneself, etc.) a specified skill esp. by practice (尤指通过实践)训练，教育，培养(人、动物或自己等)  trained the dog to beg  训练狗学会乞求 was trained in midwifery  受过接生方面的培训b intr.  undergo this process 受训练，受教育，受培养  trained as a teacher  被培养成教师 2 tr. & intr.  bring or come into a state of physical efficiency by exercise, diet, etc.; undergo physical exercise, esp. for a specific purpose (通过运动或合理饮食等)使身体状况良好；(为某一特定目的而)进行身体锻炼  trained me for the high jump  训练我跳高 the team trains every evening  球队每晚都要训练 3 tr.  cause (a plant) to grow in a required shape 使(植物)按所需形状生长  trained the peach tree up the wall  使桃树向着墙壁上方生长 4 (usu. as 通常作 trained adj.)  make (the mind, eye, etc.) sharp or discerning as a result of instruction, practice, etc. 使(心理、眼睛等在经过实际训练后)变得尖锐，敏锐 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  point or aim (a gun, camera, etc.) at an object etc. 把(枪、相机等)瞄准目标物 6 colloq. [口]  a intr.  go by train 乘火车b tr. (foll. by it as object 后跟 it 作宾语) Brit.  make a journey by train [英]乘火车旅行  trained it to Aberdeen  乘火车去阿伯丁 7 tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 away) archaic  entice, lure [古义]引诱，诱使 ●n.  1  a series of railway carriages or trucks moved by a locomotive or powered carriage 列车，火车(由机车或动力车牵动的一系列铁路车辆) 2  something dragged along behind or forming the back part of a dress, robe, etc. 尾部；后拖物；裙裾，拖裾  wore a dress with a long train  穿着一件长拖裾的裙子 the train of the peacock  孔雀的尾巴 3  a succession or series of people, things, events, etc. 一系列，一连串(人、物或事件等)  a long train of camels  一长队骆驼 interrupted my train of thought  打断了我的思路 a train of ideas  一连串的想法 4  a body of followers; a retinue (一大批)跟随者；随从，随员  a train of admirers  一大批慕名者 5  a succession of military vehicles etc., including artillery, supplies, etc. 军车车队，辎重队  baggage train  行李车 6  a line of gunpowder etc. to fire an explosive charge (引爆炸药的)引药，引药线 7  a series of connected wheels or parts in machinery (机器的)一排相连的轮子或部件 □ in train   properly arranged or directed 安排妥当；准备就绪□ in a person's train   following behind a person 追随某人□ in the train of   as a sequel of 随…之后□ train down  Brit.  train with exercise or diet to lower one's weight [英] (从事锻炼等)减轻体重□ trainable  adj.  □ trainability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Old French traïner, trahiner, ultimately from Latin trahere ‘pull, draw’]

trainband /ˈtreinbænd/ n. hist.  any of several divisions of civilian militia in London and other areas, esp. in the Stuart period [史义] (尤指英国斯图亚特王朝时期伦敦及其他地区的)民兵团

train-bearer n.  a person employed to hold up the train of a robe etc. (跟在别人身后的)挽裙裾者

trainee /treiˈni:/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  a person undergoing training 受培训者；实习生 □ traineeship  n.  

trainer /ˈtreinə/ n.  1  a person who trains 培训人 2  a person who trains horses, athletes, footballers, etc., as a profession (以训练马、田径运动员、足球运动员等为职业的)教练，教练员 3  an aircraft or device simulating it used to train pilots (用以训练飞行员的)教练机；飞行训练器 4 Brit.  a soft sports or running shoe of leather, canvas, etc. [英] (没有钉的)软运动鞋，跑鞋

train ferry n.  a ship that conveys a railway train across water (运送列车渡水的)列车渡轮

training /ˈtreiniŋ/ n.  the act or process of teaching or learning a skill, discipline, etc. 训练；教育；培养；锻炼  physical training  体育锻炼 □ go into training   begin physical training 开始训练；开始进行体育锻炼□ in training   1  undergoing physical training 在训练；在进行体育锻炼 2  physically fit as a result of this 训练得好的；处于良好竞技状态的□ out of training   1  no longer training 不再训练 2  physically unfit 处于不佳竞技状态

training college n. (in the UK) a college or school for training esp. prospective teachers (在英国尤指培养未来教师的)师范学院

training ship n.  a ship on which young people are taught seamanship etc. (给年轻人讲授航海等知识的)教练船

training shoe n.  = TRAINER 4 

trainload /ˈtreinləʊd/ n.  a number of people, or quantity of goods etc., transported by train 列车载重；列车载客(或载货)量

trainman /ˈtreinmæn/ n. (pl. -men)  a railway employee working on trains (列车上工作的)乘务员，列车员

train-mile n.  one mile travelled by one train, as a unit of traffic 列车行驶英里(用以计算运费的单位)

train-oil n.  oil obtained from the blubber of a whale (esp. of a right whale) 鲸油(尤指从健康鲸鱼的脂肪层里获取的油) [obsolete train, trane ‘train-oil’ from Middle Low German trɑˉn, Middle Dutch traen, apparently = TEAR2]

train-shed n.  a roof supported by posts to shelter railway platforms etc., esp., hist. in the 19th c., an arched iron and glass construction of impressive dimensions (用立柱支起的)火车站站台顶棚； [尤史义] (19 世纪钢铁玻璃结构的大型)站台顶棚

trainsick /ˈtreinsik/ adj.  affected with nausea by the motion of a train 坐火车晕车的

train-spotter n. Brit.  a person who collects locomotive numbers as a hobby [英] (作为业余爱好)收集机车号码的人 □ train-spotting  n.  

traipse /treips/ v. & n. (also 亦作 trapes) colloq. [口] ●v. intr.  1  tramp or trudge wearily 闲荡，游荡；疲惫不堪地走 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 about) esp. Brit.  go on errands [尤英]受差遣东奔西跑 ●n.  1  a tedious journey on foot 疲惫的步行；长途跋涉 2 archaic  a slattern [古义]邋遢女人；懒婆娘 [16th-c. verb trapes, of unknown origin]

trait /trei, treit/ n.  a distinguishing feature or characteristic, esp. of a person (尤指个人的)特征，特点，特性 [French from Latin tractus (as TRACT1)]

traitor /ˈtreitə/ n. (fem. traitress /-tris/) (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a person who is treacherous or disloyal, esp. to his or her country 背叛者；背信弃义的人；(尤指背叛自己国家的)卖国者；叛徒 □ traitorous  adj.  □ traitorously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French traït(o)ur from Latin traditor -oris, from tradere: see TRADITION]

trajectory /trəˈdʒekt(ə)ri, ˈtrædʒikt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the path described by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces (飞行物或被发射体的)轨道，轨迹；弹道 2 Geom.  a curve or surface cutting a system of curves or surfaces at a constant angle 【几】常角轨道；轨线 [originally an adjective: medieval Latin trajectorius from Latin traicere traject- (as TRANS-, jacere ‘throw’)]

tra-la /trɑ:ˈlɑ:/ int.  an expression of joy or gaiety 特拉拉(表示欢乐或欢快之情) [imitative of song]

tram1 /træm/ n.  1 Brit.  an electrically powered passenger vehicle running on rails laid in a public road [英] (在公共道路上以电力驱动、在轨道上运行的)有轨电车 2  a four-wheeled vehicle used in coal mines (煤矿里用的)四轮煤车 [Middle Low German & Middle Dutch trame ‘balk, beam, barrow-shaft’]

tram2 /træm/ n. (in full 全称 tram silk)  double silk thread used for the weft of some velvets and silks 纬丝(用以横向编织某些丝绒的双股丝线) [French trame from Latin trama ‘weft’]

tramcar /ˈtræmkɑ:/ n. Brit. [英]  = TRAM1 1 

tramlines /ˈtræmlainz/ n. pl. Brit. [英]  1  rails for a tramcar 电车轨道 2 colloq.  a pair of parallel lines, esp. either of two sets of long lines at the sides of a tennis court or at the side or back of a badminton court [口] (网球或羽毛球双打时球场两侧的)加道，加线 3  inflexible principles or courses of action etc. 不可改变的行动原则(或路线)

trammel /ˈtræm(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an impediment to free movement; a hindrance 拘束，束缚；妨碍  the trammels of domesticity  家庭生活的束缚 2  a triple dragnet for fish, which are trapped in a pocket formed when they attempt to swim through 鱼网 3  an instrument for drawing ellipses etc. with a bar sliding in upright grooves 椭圆规，长颈规 4  a beam-compass 横木规 5 US  a hook in a fireplace for a kettle etc. [美] (壁炉里挂壶等炊具的)钩，铁钩 ●v. tr. (trammelled, trammelling; US [美] trammeled, trammeling)  confine or hamper with or as if with trammels 束缚；妨碍；限制 [Middle English (in sense 2) via Old French tramail from medieval Latin tramaculum, tremaculum, perhaps formed as TRI- + macula (MAIL2): later history uncertain]

tramontana /træmɒnˈtɑ:nə/ n.  a cold north wind in the Adriatic (亚得里亚海一带的)干冷北风 [Italian: see TRAMONTANE]

tramontane /trəˈmɒntein/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  situated or living on the other side of mountains, esp. the Alps as seen from Italy 山那边的；住在山那边的；(尤指在意大利人看来)住在阿尔卑斯山那边的 2 (esp. from the Italian point of view) foreign; barbarous (尤指在意大利人看来)外国的；蛮夷的 ●n.  1  a tramontane person (住在)山那边的人 2  = TRAMONTANA  [Middle English via Italian tramontano from Latin transmontanus ‘beyond the mountains’ (as TRANS-, mons montis ‘mountain’)]

tramp /træmp/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  walk heavily and firmly (用坚实而沉重的脚步)行走；踏步走  tramping about upstairs  在楼上蹬蹬地走来走去b  go on foot, esp. a distance 步行；(尤指)长途跋涉 2 tr.  a  cross on foot, esp. wearily or reluctantly (尤指疲惫地或不情愿地)行走b  cover (a distance) in this way (长距离地)走过  tramped forty miles  艰难地走了 40 英里 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  tread on; trample; stamp on 踩；踏 4 intr.  live as a tramp 流浪，漂泊 ●n.  1  an itinerant vagrant or beggar 流浪者，漂泊者；流浪乞丐 2  the sound of a person, or esp. people, walking, marching, etc., or of horses' hoofs (尤指人正步走或马奔跑时发出的)坚实而沉重的脚步声 3  a journey on foot, esp. a protracted one 徒步旅行；(尤指)长途旅行 4  a  an iron plate protecting the sole of a boot used for digging (靴子等的)鞋底铁片b  the part of a spade that it strikes 铁锹的头 5 esp. US slang offens.  a promiscuous woman [尤美] [俚语] [冒犯]荡妇；妓女 6  = OCEAN TRAMP  □ tramper  n.  □ trampish  adj.   [Middle English trampe, from Germanic]

trample /ˈtræmp(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  tread underfoot 踩，踏 2  press down or crush in this way 践踏；压扁 ●n.  the sound or act of trampling 践踏；践踏声 □ trample on   1  tread heavily on 重重地踩在…上面 2  treat roughly or with contempt; disregard (a person's feelings etc.) 伤害；侵犯；无视(某人的情感等)□ trampler  n.   [Middle English, from TRAMP + -LE4]

trampoline /ˈtræmpəli:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a strong fabric sheet connected by springs to a horizontal frame, used by gymnasts etc. for somersaults, as a springboard, etc. (体操运动员翻筋斗时用的)蹦床，弹床 ●v. intr.  use a trampoline 在蹦床上弹跳 □ trampolinist  n.   [Italian trampolino from trampoli ‘stilts’]

tram road n. hist.  a road with wooden, stone, or metal wheel-tracks [史义]矿山车轨道

tram silk  see 见 TRAM2 

tramway /ˈtræmwei/ n.  1 Brit. [英]  a  rails for a tramcar 电车轨道b  a tramcar system 电车运输系统 2 hist. [史义]  = TRAM ROAD 

trance /trɑ:ns/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sleeplike or half-conscious state without response to stimuli (对刺激没有反应的)昏睡状态；昏迷状态b  a hypnotic or cataleptic state 催眠状态 2  such a state as entered into by a medium 鬼魂附体 3  a state of extreme exaltation or rapture; ecstasy 入迷；狂喜 ●v. tr. poet. [诗]  = ENTRANCE2  □ trance-like  adj.   [Middle English via Old French transe, from transir ‘depart, fall into trance’ from Latin transire: see TRANSIENT]

tranche /trɑ:nʃ/ n.  a portion, esp. of income or of a block of shares (尤指收入或股票的)一份，一部分 [French, = slice (as TRENCH)]

tranny /ˈtræni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 esp. Brit. colloq.  a transistor radio [尤英口]晶体管收音机 2 N. Amer. Mech.  transmission [北美]【机】播放，播送 [abbreviation]

tranquil /ˈtræŋkwil/ adj.  calm, serene, unruffled 平静的；安静的；安宁的 □ tranquillity  /-ˈkwiliti/ n. (also 亦作 tranquility)  □ tranquilly  adv.   [French tranquille or Latin tranquillus]

tranquillize /ˈtræŋkwilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise; US [美] tranquilize)  make tranquil, esp. by a drug etc. (尤指通过药物等)使镇静

tranquillizer /ˈtræŋkwilaizə/ n. (also 亦作 -iser; US [美] tranquilizer)  a drug used to diminish anxiety 镇静剂；安定药

trans- /træns, trɑ:ns, -nz/ prefix  1  across, beyond (transcontinental 横贯大陆的 ; transgress 越界；侵犯) 横穿，穿越 2  on or to the other side of (transatlantic 穿越大西洋的) (opp. 反义 CIS- 1) 在…另一边，到…另一边 3  through (transonic 跨声速的) 通过，跨越 4  into another state or place (transform 变形 ; transcribe 改编；转录) 变化，转移 5  surpassing, transcending (transfinite 超限的；无限的) 胜过，超越 6 Chem. 【化】  a (of an isomer) having the same atom or group on opposite sides of a given plane in the molecule (cf. 参见 CIS- 4) (指同分异构体)反(式)b  having a higher atomic number than (transuranic 超铀的) 超，越，过 [from or suggested by Latin trans ‘across’]

transact /trænˈzækt, trɑ:n-, -ˈsækt/ v. tr.  perform or carry through (business) 办理，处理(商务) □ transactor  n.   [Latin transigere transact- (as TRANS-, agere ‘do’)]

transaction /trænˈzækʃ(ə)n, trɑ:n-, -ˈsæk-/ n.  1  a  a piece of esp. commercial business done; a deal (尤指已办理的)一宗商务；一笔交易  a profitable transaction  一笔有利可图的交易b  the management of business etc. (商务的)办理，处理 2 (in pl. 用复数)  published reports of discussions, papers read, etc., at the meetings of a learned society (学术团体等会议上的)议事录；公报；学报；会刊 □ transactional  adj.  □ transactionally  adv.   [Middle English from Late Latin transactio (as TRANSACT)]

transalpine /trænzˈælpain, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  beyond the Alps, esp. from the Italian point of view (尤指在意大利人看来)阿尔卑斯山以北的；过山的 [Latin transalpinus (as TRANS-, alpinus ALPINE)]

transatlantic /trænzætˈlæntik, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  1  beyond the Atlantic, esp. 大西洋那边的，尤指 :a Brit.  American [英]美国的b US  European [美]欧洲的 2  crossing the Atlantic 跨越大西洋的  a transatlantic flight  跨越大西洋的飞行

transceiver /trænˈsi:və, trɑ:n-/ n.  a combined radio transmitter and receiver 无线电收发两用机

transcend /trænˈsend, trɑ:n-/ v. tr.  1  be beyond the range or grasp of (human experience, reason, belief, etc.) 超出，超越(人的经验、理性、信念等) 2  excel; surpass 胜过；超过 [Middle English from Old French transcendre or Latin transcendere (as TRANS-, scandere ‘climb’)]

transcendent /trænˈsend(ə)nt, trɑ:n-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  excelling, surpassing 杰出的，卓越的  transcendent goodness  杰出的优点 2  transcending human experience 超越人的经验的 3 Philos. 【哲】  a  higher than or not included in any of Aristotle's ten categories in scholastic philosophy 超越范畴的(指超越亚里斯多德所规定十大类学术性哲学)b  not realizable in experience in Kantian philosophy 先验的(指康德哲学中没有意识到的经验) 4 (esp. of the supreme being) existing apart from, not subject to the limitations of, the material universe (opp. 反义 IMMANENT 1) (尤指神或超人)超然的(指超越物质存在，不受物质世界的限制) ●n. Philos.  a transcendent thing or person 【哲】超验的人(或事物) □ transcendence  n.  □ transcendency  n.  □ transcendently  adv.  

transcendental /trænsenˈdent(ə)l, trɑ:n-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  = TRANSCENDENT  2  a (in Kantian philosophy) presupposed in and necessary to experience; a priori (指康德哲学中)超验(主义)的b (in Schelling's philosophy) explaining matter and objective things as products of the subjective mind (指谢林哲学中)先验(论)的；主观(论)的c (esp. in Emerson's philosophy) regarding the divine as the guiding principle in man (尤指爱默生哲学中)超自然的；神起主导作用的 3  a  visionary, abstract 想像中的；抽象的b  vague, obscure 模糊不清的；晦涩难懂的 4 Math. (of a function) not capable of being produced by the algebraical operations of addition, multiplication, and involution, or the inverse operations 【数】(指函数)超越的；超越函数的 ●n.  a transcendental term, conception, etc. 超越数；超越概念 □ transcendentally  adv.   [medieval Latin transcendentalis (as TRANSCENDENT)]

transcendental cognition n.  a priori knowledge 先验认识

transcendentalism /trænsenˈdent(ə)liz(ə)m, trɑ:n-/ n.  1  transcendental philosophy 超验主义哲学 2  exalted or visionary language 崇高的(或空幻的)语言 □ transcendentalist  n.  □ transcendentalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

Transcendental Meditation n.  a method of detaching oneself from problems, anxiety, etc., by silent meditation and repetition of a mantra 超脱静坐(静思默想，口念真言以求达到无忧无虑、超凡脱俗的境界)

transcendental object n.  a real (unknown and unknowable) object (未知的、亦无法知道的)物自体

transcendental unity n.  unity brought about by cognition (通过认知产生的)先验统一

transcode /trænzˈkəʊd, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr. & intr.  convert from one form of coded representation to another 把一种代码转换成另一种代码

transcontinental /ˌtrænzkɒntiˈnent(ə)l, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a railway etc.) extending across a continent (指铁路等)横贯大陆的 ●n.  a transcontinental railway or train 横贯大陆的铁路(或火车) □ transcontinentally  adv.  

transcribe /trænˈskraib, trɑ:n-/ v. tr.  1  make a copy of, esp. in writing 抄写，誊写 2  transliterate 翻译；直译 3  write out (shorthand, notes, etc.) in ordinary characters or continuous prose 把(速记或笔记等)全文写下 4  a  record for subsequent reproduction 录制(为以后再用)b  broadcast in this form 播送(录制的东西) 5  arrange (music) for a different instrument etc. (为适合其他乐器演奏而)改编(音乐) □ transcriber  n.  □ transcriptional  /-ˈskripʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  □ transcriptive  /-ˈskriptiv/ adj.   [Latin transcribere transcript- (as TRANS-, scribere ‘write’)]

transcript /ˈtrænskript, ˈtrɑ:n-/ n.  1  a written or recorded copy 抄本；誊本 2  any copy 副本，复制件 [Middle English via Old French transcrit from Latin transcriptum, neut. past part. of transcribere: see TRANSCRIBE]

transcription /trænˈskripʃ(ə)n, trɑ:n-/ n.  1  a  the action or process of transcribing something 抄写，誊写b  an instance of this 抄本；誊本 2  a transcript or copy 副本，复制件 3 Biol.  the process by which a sequence of nucleotides is copied from a DNA template during the synthesis of a molecule of RNA 【生】转录(指核糖核酸合成期间从脱氧核糖核酸模板中复制出一连串核苷酸的过程)

transducer /trænzˈdju:sə, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  any device for converting a signal from one medium of transmission to another, esp. a non-electrical signal into an electrical one, e.g. pressure into voltage 换能器；变换器(尤指把不带电的信号换成带电的信号，如把压力变成电压) □ transduce  v. tr.  □ transduction  /-ˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin transducere ‘lead across’ (as TRANS-, ducere ‘lead’)]

transect /trænˈsekt, trɑ:n-/ v. tr.  cut across or transversely 横切，横断 □ transection  n.   [TRANS- + Latin secare sect- ‘to cut’]

transept /ˈtrænsept, ˈtrɑ:n-/ n.  1  either arm of the part of a cross-shaped church at right angles to the nave (十字形教堂的)耳堂  north transept  北耳堂 south transept  南耳堂 2  this part as a whole 整个建筑翼部 □ transeptal  /-ˈsept(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin transeptum (as TRANS-, SEPTUM)]

transexual var.  of TRANSSEXUAL  TRANSSEXUAL 的变体

transfer v. & n. ●v. /trænsˈfɜ:, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ (transferred, transferring)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  convey, remove, or hand over (a thing etc.) 搬运，转运，迁移(东西等)  transferred the bag from the car to the station  把包从车上转运到车站b  make over the possession of (property, a ticket, rights, etc.) to a person 转让，让与(财产、车票、权利等)  transferred his membership to his son  把他的会员资格让与他儿子 2 tr. & intr.  change or move to another group, club, department, etc. 改变；调动；转移(转职、转会、转学等) 3 intr.  change from one station, route, etc., to another on a journey 转车，转乘 4 tr.  a  convey (a drawing etc.) from one surface to another, esp. to a lithographic stone by means of transfer-paper 摹绘(尤指通过转印纸把画转印到石印石上)b  remove (a picture) from one surface to another, esp. from wood or a wall to canvas 转印；转写(尤指把图片从木头或墙壁上转印到帆布上) 5 tr.  change (the sense of a word etc.) by extension or metaphor 改变；转变，转换(词义等) ●n. /ˈtrænsfɜ:, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/  1  the act or an instance of transferring or being transferred 转移；迁移；移交；转让；转运 2  a  a design etc. conveyed or to be conveyed from one surface to another 供转印的图案b Brit.  a small usu. coloured picture or design on paper, which is transferable to another surface [英]转印纸(指纸上通常有图画或图案，可转印到其他物体表面上) 3  a football player etc. who is or is to be transferred 转会球员 4  a  the conveyance of property, a right, etc. (财产、权利等的)转让，让渡b  a document effecting this 转让证书(或转学、转会等证书) 5 N. Amer.  a ticket allowing a journey to be continued on another route etc. [北美]转车(转船、转机等)票 □ transferee  /-ˈri:/ n.  被调动者；被迁移者□ transferor  /-ˈfɜ:rə/ n. esp. Law. (尤)【法律】  □ transferrer  /-ˈfɜ:rə/ n.  转让人，让与人 [Middle English from French transférer or Latin transferre (as TRANS-, ferre lat- ‘to bear’)]

transferable /trænsˈfɜ:rəb(ə)l, ˈtrænsf(ə)r-, trɑ:-, -nz-/ adj.  capable of being transferred 可转移的；可转让的；可转换的 □ transferability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

transferable vote n.  a vote that can be transferred to another candidate if the first choice is eliminated 可转移选票(指选定的第一候选人被淘汰时可把选票转移给另一候选人)

transfer-book n.  a register of transfers of property, shares, etc. (财产、股票等的)过户登记簿

transfer company n. US  a company conveying passengers or luggage between stations [美] (两车站之间便于乘客或行李转车的)转运公司

transference /ˈtrænsf(ə)r(ə)ns, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of transferring; the state of being transferred 转移；传递；转让；调任 2 Psychol.  the redirection of childhood emotions to a new object, esp. to a psychoanalyst 【心】移情(指童年时的情感转移到新的事物上)

transfer fee n. Brit.  a fee paid for the transfer of esp. a professional footballer [英] (尤指职业足球运动员的)转会费

transfer ink n.  ink used for making designs on a lithographic stone or transfer-paper (在石印石或转印纸上作图案的)转印油墨

transfer list n. Brit.  a list of footballers available for transfer [英] (可转会足球运动员的)转会名单

transfer-paper n.  paper that has been specially coated to receive the impression of transfer ink and transfer it to stone 转写纸(涂有特殊涂料，可接受转印油墨印刷并可将其转印到石头上的纸)

transferral /trænsˈfɜ:r(ə)l, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  = TRANSFERn. 1 

transferrin /trænsˈferin, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  a protein transporting iron in blood serum (血清中的)铁传递蛋白 [TRANS- + Latin ferrum ‘iron’]

transfer RNA n.  RNA conveying an amino acid molecule from the cytoplasm to a ribosome for use in protein synthesis 转移 RNA ，转移核糖核酸(指把氨基酸分子从细胞质转送到核糖体，以用于蛋白质合成)

transfiguration /ˌtrænsfiɡəˈreiʃ(ə)n, ˌtrɑ:ns-, -ɡjʊr-, -nz-/ n.  1  a change of form or appearance 变形；改观 2  a  Christ's appearance in radiant glory to three of his disciples (Matt. 17:2, Mark 9:2 － 3) (基督在三个门徒前的)变容(《马太福音》 17:2, 《马可福音》 9:2 － 3)b (作 Transfiguration)  the festival of Christ's transfiguration, 6 Aug 基督变容节 (8 月 6 日) [Middle English from Old French transfiguration or Latin transfiguratio (as TRANSFIGURE)]

transfigure /trænsˈfiɡə, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  change in form or appearance, esp. so as to elevate or idealize (尤指为了变得崇高或完美)改变形状；改变外貌；美化 [Middle English from Old French transfigurer or Latin transfigurare (as TRANS-, FIGURE)]

transfinite /trænsˈfainait, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  1  beyond or surpassing the finite 无限的，无穷的 2 Math. (of a number) exceeding all finite numbers 【数】(指数字)超限的

transfix /trænsˈfiks, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  1  pierce with a sharp implement or weapon (用尖利器具或武器)刺穿 2  root (a person) to the spot with horror or astonishment; paralyse the faculties of 使(人)呆住；使束手无策；使不能动弹 □ transfixion  /-ˈfikʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin transfigere transfix- (as TRANS-, FIX)]

transform /trænsˈfɔ:m, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, outward appearance, character, etc., of 使(形状、外表、性格等)改变b intr. (often foll. by 通常后跟 into, to)  undergo such a change 改变；变换，转换 2 tr. Electr.  change the voltage etc. of (a current) 【电】变换(电流的)电压 3 tr. Math.  change (a mathematical entity) by transformation 【数】变换(数学实体) ●n. /ˈtrænsfɔ:m, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ Math. & Linguistics  the product of a transformation 【数】【语言学】变换式；转换句 □ transformable  adj.  □ transformative  adj.   [Middle English from Old French transformer or Latin transformare (as TRANS-, FORM)]

transformation /trænsfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of transforming; the state of being transformed 变化；变形；转变；变换 2 Zool.  a complete change of form at metamorphosis, esp. of insects, amphibia, etc. 【动】(尤指昆虫、两栖动物等的)变形，蜕化变质，蜕变 3  the induced or spontaneous change of one element into another (一种因素向另一种因素的诱导性或自发性的)转变，变换 4 Math.  a change from one geometrical figure, expression, or function to another of the same value, magnitude, etc. 【数】(几何图形或算式的)变换，换算 5 Biol. 【生】  a  the modification of a eukaryotic cell from its normal state to a malignant state 细胞转化(指真核细胞从正常状态向恶性状态的转化)b  the genetic alteration of a cell by introduction of extraneous DNA, esp. by a plasmid 遗传转化(指由于外来 DNA 的介入，尤指由于质粒所引起的细胞转化) 6 Linguistics  a process, with reference to particular rules, by which one grammatical pattern of sentence structure can be converted into another, or the underlying meaning of a sentence can be converted into a statement of syntax 【语言学】句型转换；语义转换(指根据特定规则，某一语法模式的句子结构可以转换成另一结构，或某一句子的潜在意义可以转换成一种陈述句式) 7 archaic  a woman's wig [古义] (女人的)假发 8  a sudden dramatic change of scene on stage (舞台戏剧的)场景变化 [Middle English from Old French transformation or Late Latin transformatio (as TRANSFORM)]

transformational /trænsfəˈmeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  relating to or involving transformation 转换的；变换的；变形的 □ transformationally  adv.  

transformational grammar n. Linguistics  a grammar that describes a language by means of transformation (see 见 TRANSFORMATION 6) 【语言学】转换语法(运用转换规则描写语言的语法)

transformer /trænsˈfɔ:mə, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  1  an apparatus for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current 变压器(降低或升高交流电电压的装置) 2  a person or thing that transforms 促使变化的人(或物)；改革者

transfuse /trænsˈfju:z, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  1  permeate 弥漫，遍布；充满  purple dye transfused the water  水全部成了紫色的染料 was transfused with gratitude  充满感激 2  a  transfer (blood) from one person or animal to another 输(血)，给(人或动物)输血b  inject (liquid) into a blood vessel to replace lost fluid 输(液)，给…输液 □ transfusion  /-ˈfju:ʒ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin transfundere transfus- (as TRANS-, fundere ‘pour’)]

transgenic /trænzˈdʒenik, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj. Biol. (of an animal or plant) having genetic material artificially introduced from another species 【生】(动物或植物)由人工嫁接基因的，转基因的

transgress /trænzˈɡres, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  go beyond the bounds or limits set by (a commandment, law, etc.); violate; infringe 违反(道德准则、法律等)；侵犯；越界 2 Geol. (of the sea) spread over (the land) 【地质】(指海洋)侵入(陆地) □ transgression  /-ˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ transgressive  adj.  □ transgressor  n.   [French transgresser or Latin transgredi transgress- (as TRANS-, gradi ‘go’)]

tranship var.  of TRANS-SHIP  TRANS-SHIP 的变体

transhumance /trænzˈhju:məns, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  the seasonal moving of livestock to a different region (牲畜的)季节性迁移 [French from transhumer, from Latin TRANS- + humus ‘ground’]

transient /ˈtrænsiənt, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of short duration; momentary; passing; impermanent 短暂的，倏忽的，转瞬即逝的；无常的  life is transient  人生是短暂的 of transient interest  短暂的兴趣 2 Mus.  serving only to connect; inessential 【音】仅起连接作用的；过渡性的  a transient chord  过渡和弦 ●n.  1  a temporary visitor, worker, etc. 过往旅客；暂住客；短工，临时工 2 Electr.  a brief current etc. 【电】瞬变电流 □ transience  n.  □ transiency  n.  □ transiently  adv.   [Latin transire (as TRANS-, ire ‘go’)]

transilluminate /trænsiˈlu:mineit, trɑ:ns-, -ˈlju:-, -nz-/ v. tr.  pass a strong light through for inspection, esp. for medical diagnosis (尤指医学诊断用的)强光透照 □ transillumination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

transire /trænˈzaiə, trɑ:-, -s-, -airi/ n. Brit.  a customs permit for the passage of goods [英] (海关颁发的)货物准行单 [Latin transire ‘go across’ (as TRANSIENT)]

transistor /trænˈzistə, trɑ:n-, -ˈsi-/ n.  1  a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification 晶体管(三电路接头的半导体装置，除能整流外，还可扩音) 2 (in full 全称 transistor radio)  a portable radio with transistors 晶体管收音机 [portmanteau word, from TRANSFER + RESISTOR]

transistorize /trænˈzistəraiz, trɑ:n-, -ˈsi-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  design or equip with, or convert to, transistors rather than valves 装晶体管于；使晶体管化 □ transistorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

transit /ˈtrænsit, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or process of going, conveying, or being conveyed, esp. over a distance (尤指长距离的)通过，通行；运输，运送  transit by rail  通过铁路运输 made a transit of the lake  通过那片湖水 2  a passage or route 通路；运输路线  the overland transit  陆上运输路线 3  a  the apparent passage of a celestial body across the meridian of a place 中天(指天体经过子午线时)b  the passage of an inferior planet across the face of the sun, or of a moon etc. across the face of a planet 凌(日、月等)；大星被食 4 N. Amer.  the local conveyance of passengers on public routes [北美]地方公共交通运输系统 5 colloq. [口]  = TRANSIT-THEODOLITE  ●v. (transited, transiting)  1 tr.  make a transit across 经过；通过；越过 2 intr.  make a transit 运送；运输 □ in transit   while going or being conveyed 在运送中 [Middle English from Latin transitus, from transire (as TRANSIENT)]

transit camp n.  a camp for the temporary accommodation of soldiers, refugees, etc. (部队的)临时宿营地；临时难民营

transit-circle n. Astron. 【天】  = MERIDIAN CIRCLE 

transit-duty n. Brit.  duty paid on goods passing through a country [英] (货物的)转口税，过境税

transit-instrument n. Astron. 【天】  = MERIDIAN CIRCLE 

transition /trænˈziʃ(ə)n, trɑ:n-, -ˈsiʃ-/ n.  1  a passing or change from one place, state, condition, etc., to another 过渡；转变；变迁  an age of transition  过渡时期 a transition from plain to hills  从平原到山区的过渡 2 Mus.  a momentary modulation 【音】临时转调 3 (in the arts) a change from one style to another, esp. Archit. from Norman to Early English (艺术的)风格过渡； (尤)【建】从诺曼风格过渡到早期英国风格 4 Physics  a change of an atomic nucleus or orbital electron from one quantum state to another, with emission or absorption of radiation 【物理学】跃迁(指原子核或轨道电子从一种量子状态向另一种量子状态的转变) □ transitional  adj.  □ transitionally  adv.  □ transitionary  adj.   [French transition or Latin transitio (as TRANSIT)]

transition element n. (also 亦作 transition metal)  any of a set of metallic elements in the periodic table whose uncombined atoms have partly filled d or f orbitals, and which typically form coloured complexes 过渡元素；过渡金属

transition point n.  the point at which different phases of the same substance can be in equilibrium 转变点(指同一物质在不同阶段所达到的平衡点)

transitive /ˈtrænsitiv, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  1 Gram. (of a verb or sense of a verb) that takes a direct object (whether expressed or implied), e.g. saw in saw the donkey; saw that she was ill (opp. 反义 INTRANSITIVE) 【语法】(指动词或动词词义)带直接宾语的，及物的(如 saw the donkey ； saw that she was ill 两例中的 saw) 2 Logic (of a relation) such as to be valid for any two members of a sequence if it is valid for every pair of successive members 【逻辑学】可递的，可迁的，传递的 □ transitively  adv.  □ transitiveness  n.  □ transitivity  /-ˈtiviti/ n.   [Late Latin transitivus (as TRANSIT)]

transit lounge n.  a lounge at an airport for passengers waiting between flights (机场里供中转旅客休息的)中转候机厅

transitory /ˈtrænsit(ə)ri, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  not permanent, brief, transient 短暂的，简短的，昙花一现的 □ transitorily  adv.  □ transitoriness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French transitorie, Old French transitoire from Latin transitorius (as TRANSIT)]

transitory action n. Law  an action that can be brought in any country irrespective of where the transaction etc. started 【法律】可转换管辖区的诉讼(指被告所在的任何地区的法院均可对被告提起诉讼)

transit-theodolite n.  a theodolite used for measuring horizontal angles in surveying (勘察中用以测量水平角度的)转镜仪，转镜经纬仪

transit visa n.  a visa allowing only passage through a country (只允许通过某国的)过境签证

Transjordanian /trænzdʒɔ:ˈdeiniən, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 hist.  a native or inhabitant of the former Transjordan, a territory now forming part of Jordan [史义]约旦国人(历史上的约旦国，现为约旦的一部分) 2  a person from beyond the river Jordan 外约旦人(约旦河外侧的人) ●adj.  of or relating to the land beyond the river Jordan or hist. to Transjordan or its people 外约旦的；外约旦人的

translate /trænsˈleit, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (often foll. by 常后跟 into)  express the sense of (a word, sentence, speech, book, etc.) in another language 翻译，把单词(句子、话语或图书等)译成另一种语言b  do this as a profession etc. 当翻译，从事翻译工作  translates for the UN  为联合国当翻译 2 intr. (of a literary work etc.) be translatable, bear translation (指文学作品等)翻译  does not translate well  翻译得不好 3 tr.  express (an idea, book, etc.) in another, esp. simpler, form (尤指用更简单的形式来)表达或说明(思想、图书等) 4 tr.  interpret the significance of; infer as 解释，阐释  translated his silence as dissent  把他的沉默解释为不同意 5 tr.  move or change, esp. from one person, place, or condition, to another (尤指人、地点或条件)改变；转移；调动  was translated by joy  被欢乐所改变 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  result in; be converted into; manifest itself as 导致；转变；变成 7 tr. Eccl. 【教会】  a  remove (a bishop) to another see 把(主教)调至另一教区b  remove (a saint's relics etc.) to another place 移葬(圣徒的遗骸等) 8 tr. Bibl.  convey to heaven without death; transform 【圣经】使肉体不死而升天 9 tr. Mech. 【机】  a  cause (a body) to move so that all its parts travel in the same direction 使(物体)朝同一方向整体移动b  impart motion without rotation to 平移 10 tr. Biol.  make use of (a sequence of nucleotides) as a template for a sequence of amino acids 【生】转译(利用一连串核苷酸作为一连串氨基酸的模板) □ translatable  adj.  □ translatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Middle English from Latin translatus, past part. of transferre: see TRANSFER]

translation /trænsˈleiʃ(ə)n, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of translating 翻译 2  a written or spoken rendering of the meaning of a word, speech, book, etc., in another language 译文，译本；(对单词、句子、话语、图书等的)笔译(或口译) 3 Biol.  the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein 【生】转译(指多肽或蛋白质合成期间，充当信使的 RNA 分子中的一系列核苷酸三重态粒子团生成了按一定次序排列的氨基酸) □ translational  adj.  □ translationally  adv.  

translator /trænsˈleitə, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  1  a person who translates from one language into another 翻译，翻译者，译者；翻译家 2  a television relay transmitter 差频转播机 3  a program that translates from one (esp. programming) language into another 翻译程序；翻译机

transliterate /trænsˈlitəreit, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  represent (a word etc.) in the closest corresponding letters of a different alphabet or language 按另一语言最接近的相应字母译出或拼写出(单词等) □ transliteration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ transliterator  n.   [TRANS- + Latin littera ‘letter’]

translocate /ˈtrænslə(ʊ)keit, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  1  move from one place to another 移动…位置；改变…位置 2 Physiol. & Biochem. 【生理】【生化】 (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  transport (a dissolved substance) within an organism, esp. in the phloem of a plant, or actively across a cell membrane 使(溶解物质)转移 3 Biol.  move (a portion of a chromosome) to a new position on the same or another chromosome 【生】使(染色体某一片断)易位 □ translocation  n.  

translucent /trænsˈlu:s(ə)nt, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  1  allowing light to pass through diffusely; semi-transparent 光影婆娑的；半透明的 2  transparent 透明的 □ translucence  n.  □ translucency  n.  □ translucently  adv.   [Latin translucēre (as TRANS-, lucēre ‘to shine’)]

translunar /trænzˈlu:nə, trɑ:nz-, -sˈl-/ adj.  1  lying beyond the moon 越过月球的，月球以外的 2  of or relating to space travel or a trajectory towards the moon 沿月球轨道的；超月球轨道的

transmarine /trænzməˈri:n, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  situated or going beyond the sea 海外的；在海洋那一边的；横渡海洋的 [Latin transmarinus (as TRANS-, marinus MARINE)]

transmigrant /trænzˈmaiɡr(ə)nt, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  passing through, esp. a country on the way to another 移居的；迁移的(尤指途中经过某一国移居到另一国) ●n.  a migrant or alien passing through a country etc. 移居者(尤指途中经过某一国的移民) [Latin transmigrant-, part. stem of transmigrare (as TRANSMIGRATE)]

transmigrate /trænzmaiˈɡreit, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. intr.  1 (of the soul) pass, esp. at or after death, into a different body; undergo metempsychosis (指灵魂在死时或死后)转世，转生 2  migrate 移居，迁移 □ transmigration  /-ˈɡreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ transmigrator  n.  □ transmigratory  /-ˈmaiɡrət(ə)ri/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin transmigrare (as TRANS-, MIGRATE)]

transmission /trænzˈmiʃ(ə)n, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of transmitting; the state of being transmitted 传送，输送；传递，传达；传播 2  a broadcast radio or television programme (广播或电视的)播送节目 3  the mechanism by which power is transmitted from an engine to the axle in a motor vehicle (汽车的)传动装置；变速器 [Latin transmissio (as TRANS-, MISSION)]

transmission line n.  a conductor or conductors carrying electricity over large distances with minimum losses (长距离、低损耗的)输电线；传输线

transmit /trænzˈmit, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr. (transmitted, transmitting)  1  a  pass or hand on; transfer 传送，输送；传递，传达；传播  transmitted the message  传递信息 how diseases are transmitted  疾病是如何传播的b  communicate (ideas, emotions, etc.) 交流(思想、情感等) 2  a  allow (heat, light, sound, electricity, etc.) to pass through; be a medium for 使(热、光、声、电等)通过；充当…的介质b  be a medium for (ideas, emotions, etc.) 充当(思想、情感等的)介质  his message transmits hope  他的信息传达了希望 3  broadcast (a radio or television programme) 播送(广播或电视节目) □ transmissible  /-ˈmisib(ə)l/ adj.  □ transmissive  /-ˈmisiv/ adj.  □ transmittable  adj.  □ transmittal  n.   [Middle English from Latin transmittere (as TRANS-, mittere miss- ‘send’)]

transmittance /trænzˈmit(ə)ns, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n. Physics  the ratio of the light energy falling on a body to that transmitted through it 【物理学】(光能射在物体上的)透射比；透明度

transmitter /trænzˈmitə, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  1  a person or thing that transmits 传送者；传递者；传输者 2  a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages, signals, etc., esp. those of radio or television 发射机；发射台(一套用以产生并传送电磁信息或信号的设备，尤指广播电视发射机) 3  = NEUROTRANSMITTER 

transmogrify /trænzˈmɒɡrifai, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) esp. joc.  transform, esp. in a magical or surprising manner [尤诙]使变形；使变得滑稽可笑；使变得稀奇古怪 □ transmogrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [17th c.: origin unknown]

transmontane /trænzˈmɒntein, trɑ:nz-, -mɒnˈtein, -ns-/ adj.  = TRAMONTANE  [Latin transmontanus: see TRAMONTANE]

transmutation /trænzmju:ˈteiʃ(ə)n, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of transmuting or changing into another form etc. 变形；变质；变化 2  the supposed alchemical process of changing base metals into gold (炼金术所求的)贱金属变黄金 3 Physics  the changing of one element into another by nuclear bombardment etc. 【物理学】(核爆炸引起的)嬗变，蜕变 4 Geom.  the changing of a figure or body into another of the same area or volume 【几】变形(只变形而不变面积或体积) 5 Biol.  Lamarck's theory of the change of one species into another 【生】(物种的)演变，演化 □ transmutational  adj.  □ transmutationist  n.   [Middle English from Old French transmutation or Late Latin transmutatio (as TRANSMUTE)]

transmute /trænzˈmju:t, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ v. tr.  1  change the form, nature, or substance of 使变形；使变质；使变化 2  subject (base metals) to alchemical transmutation (用炼金术)把(贱金属)变成黄金或白银 □ transmutable  adj.  □ transmutability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ transmutative  /-tətiv/ adj.  □ transmuter  n.   [Middle English from Latin transmutare (as TRANS-, mutare ‘to change’)]

transnational /trænzˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  extending beyond national boundaries 超越国界的；跨国的 ●n.  a transnational company 跨国公司

transoceanic /ˌtrænsəʊʃiˈænik, trɑ:ns-, -nz-, -si-/ adj.  1  situated beyond the ocean 海洋那边的；海外的 2  concerned with crossing the ocean 横渡海洋的；越洋的  transoceanic flight  越洋飞行

transom /ˈtræns(ə)m/ n.  1  a horizontal bar of wood or stone across a window or the top of a door (cf. 参见 MULLION) (窗户上或门上方的木头或石头做的)横梁，过梁 2  each of several beams fixed across the sternpost of a ship (固定在船尾柱上的)艉横梁，艉构架 3  a beam across a saw-pit to support a log (锯木坑中用以支撑原木的)横梁 4  a strengthening crossbar (用以加固的)横梁 5 US [美]  = TRANSOM WINDOW  □ transomed  adj.   [Middle English traversayn, transyn, -ing from Old French traversin, from traverse TRAVERSE]

transom window n.  1  a window divided by a transom (由横梁分隔开的)气窗，横窗 2  a window placed above the transom of a door or larger window; a fanlight (门上方或大窗户上方的)门顶窗；楣窗

transonic /trænˈsɒnik, trɑ:n-/ adj. (also 亦作 trans-sonic)  relating to speeds close to that of sound 跨声速的 [TRANS- + SONIC, on the pattern of supersonic etc.]

transpacific /trænzpəˈsifik, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  1  beyond the Pacific 太平洋那边的；来自太平洋那边的 2  crossing the Pacific 横渡太平洋的；越过太平洋的

transparence /trænˈspær(ə)ns, trɑ:n-, -ˈspɛə-/ n.  = TRANSPARENCY 1 

transparency /trænˈspær(ə)nsi, trɑ:n-, -ˈspɛə-/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of being transparent 透明；透明度；透明性 2 Photog.  a positive transparent photograph on glass or in a frame to be viewed using a slide projector etc. 【摄】(放在玻璃上或框架里、通过幻灯机观看的)透明正片；幻灯片 3  a picture, inscription, etc., made visible by a light behind it (通过光照可以看到的)透明画；透明物 [medieval Latin transparentia (as TRANSPARENT)]

transparent /trænˈspær(ə)nt, trɑ:n-, -ˈspɛə-/ adj.  1  allowing light to pass through so that bodies can be distinctly seen (cf. 参见 TRANSLUCENT) 透明的；可以清晰看见的 2  a (of a disguise, pretext, etc.) easily seen through (伪装、借口等)易被识破的b (of a motive, quality, etc.) easily discerned; evident; obvious (动机、质量等)易觉察的；明显的；显而易见的 3 (of a person etc.) easily understood; frank; open (人等)易被理解的；直率的；坦诚的 4 Physics  transmitting heat or other electromagnetic rays without distortion 【物理学】(热或其他电磁波)可穿透的；可透过的 □ transparently  adv.  □ transparentness  n.   [Middle English from Old French, via medieval Latin transparens from Latin transparēre ‘shine through’ (as TRANS-, parēre ‘appear’)]

transpersonal /trænzˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  1 Literature  transcending the personal 【文学】超越个人的 2 Psychol. (esp. in psychotherapy) of or relating to the exploration of transcendental states of consciousness beyond personal identity 【心】(尤指心理治疗)超个人心理疗法的

transpierce /trænsˈpiəs, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  pierce through 刺穿；穿透；贯穿

transpire /trænˈspaiə, trɑ:n-/ v.  1 intr.  a (of a secret or something unknown) leak out; come to be known (秘密或不为人知的事)泄露；被人知道  what had transpired concerning his father was very worrying  有关他父亲的已知情况很令人担忧b (prec. by it as subject 前接 it 作主语)  turn out; prove to be the case 结果是；结果证明  it transpired he knew nothing about it  结果证明，他对此事一无所知 2 disp.  occur; happen [异议]发生  nobody knows what transpired between them  没人知道他俩之间发生了什么事 3 tr. & intr.  emit (vapour, sweat, etc.), or be emitted, through the skin or lungs; perspire 使(蒸气、汗水等)蒸发；使散发；使排出；使呼出 4 intr. (of a plant or leaf) release water vapour (植物或树叶)释放水气 □ transpirable  adj.  □ transpiration  /-spiˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French transpirer or medieval Latin transpirare (as TRANS-, Latin spirare ‘breathe’)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of transpire in sense 2 is considered incorrect by some people and should be restricted to informal contexts. transpire 在释义 2 中的用法被一些人认为是不正确的，应限于非正式的文体中。 

transplant v. & n. ●v. tr. /trænsˈplɑ:nt, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/  1  a  plant in another place 移植，移种  transplanted the daffodils  移植水仙花b  move to another place 迁移，移居  whole nations were transplanted  整个民族都迁移了 2 Surgery  transfer (living tissue or an organ) and implant in another part of the body or in another body 【外科】把(活的组织或器官)移植到(人体的另一部位或另一人体内) ●n. /ˈtrænsplɑ:nt, ˈtrɑ:ns-, -nz-/  1 Surgery 【外科】  a  the transplanting of an organ or tissue (器官或组织的)移植b  such an organ etc. 移植器官；移植组织 2  a thing, esp. a plant, which is transplanted (尤指植物的)被移植苗木 □ transplantable  /-ˈplɑ:ntəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ transplantation  /-ˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ transplanter  /-ˈplɑ:ntə/ n.   [Middle English from Late Latin transplantare (as TRANS-, PLANT)]

transponder /trænˈspɒndə, trɑ:n-/ n.  a device for receiving a radio signal and automatically transmitting a different signal (收到无线电信号后又自动发送不同信号的)发射机应答器；转发器 [TRANSMIT + RESPOND]

transpontine /trænsˈpɒntain, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  1  on the other side of a bridge 桥那边的 2  on or from the other side of the ocean (esp. in relation to N. America) 大洋彼岸的；来自大洋彼岸的(尤相对北美而言) 3 archaic  on the south side of the Thames [古义]泰晤士河南岸的 [TRANS- + Latin pons pontis ‘bridge’]

transport v. & n. ●v. tr. /trænˈspɔ:t, trɑ:n-/  1  take or carry (a person, goods, troops, baggage, etc.) from one place to another 运输，运送(人、物品、军队、行李等) 2 hist.  take (a criminal) to a penal colony; deport [史义]把(犯人)流放到海外刑地；放逐 3 (as 作 transported adj.) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  affected with strong emotion 万分激动的，欣喜若狂的 ●n. /ˈtrænspɔ:t, ˈtrɑ:n-/  1  a  a system of conveying people, goods, etc., from place to place (人员、货物等的)运输，运送b esp. Brit.  the means of this [尤英]运输工具；交通车辆  our transport has arrived  我们的运输工具来了 2  a ship, aircraft, etc. used to carry soldiers, stores, etc. (用来运载士兵、储藏品等的)轮船；飞机 3 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  vehement emotion 强烈的感情；激动  transports of joy  狂喜 4 hist.  a transported convict [史义]流放犯，被流放者 [Middle English from Old French transporter or Latin transportare (as TRANS-, portare ‘carry’)]

transportable /trænˈspɔ:təb(ə)l, trɑ:n-/ adj.  1  capable of being transported 可运输的，可运送的 2 hist. (of an offender or an offence) punishable by transportation [史义] (对犯人或犯罪行为)流放的；应处流刑的 □ transportability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

transportation /trænspɔ:ˈteiʃ(ə)n, trɑ:ns-/ n.  1  the act of conveying or the process of being conveyed 运输，运送；输送 2  a  a system of conveying 运输系统；运输业b esp. N. Amer.  the means of this [尤北美]运输工具；交通车辆 3 hist.  removal to a penal colony [史义]流刑，流放

transport café n. Brit.  a roadside café for (esp. commercial) drivers [英] (尤指供司机用餐的)路边小餐馆

transporter /trænˈspɔ:tə, trɑ:n-/ n.  1  a person or device that transports 运输者；运输机；输送器 2  a vehicle used to transport other vehicles or large pieces of machinery etc. by road (尤指大型或重型的)公路运输车辆

transporter bridge n.  a bridge carrying vehicles etc. across water on a suspended moving platform 运输桥；单塔式架空缆车桥

transpose /trænsˈpəʊz, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr.  1  a  cause (two or more things) to change places 使(两个或两个以上的东西)换位；互换位置b  change the position of (a thing) in a series 改变(某一东西在一系列事物中的)位置 2  change the order or position of (words or a word) in a sentence 改变(句中单词的)次序或位置 3 (also absol. [亦含宾]; often foll. by 常后跟 up, down) Mus.  write or play in a different key from the original 【音】使变调，使移调 4 Algebra  transfer (a term) with a changed sign to the other side of an equation 【代数】移(项) □ transposable  adj.  □ transposal  n.  □ transposer  n.   [Middle English, = transform, from Old French transposer (as TRANS-, Latin ponere ‘put’)]

transposing instrument n.  an instrument producing notes different in pitch from the written notes 移调乐器

transposing piano n. (also 亦作 transposing organ etc.)  a piano or organ etc. on which a transposition may be effected mechanically 移调钢琴；移调风琴

transposition /trænspəˈziʃ(ə)n, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  the act or an instance of transposing; the state of being transposed 互换；调换；变换 □ transpositional  adj.  □ transpositive  /-ˈpɒzitiv/ adj.   [French transposition or Late Latin transpositio (as TRANS-, POSITION)]

transputer /trænsˈpju:tə, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ n.  a microprocessor with integral memory designed for parallel processing (为并行处理设计含有集成记忆的)微处理机；微处理芯片 [TRANSISTOR + COMPUTER]

transsexual /trænsˈseksjʊəl, trɑ:ns-, -nz-, -ʃʊəl/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 transexual) ●adj.  having the physical characteristics of one sex and the supposed psychological characteristics of the other 有异性转化欲的 ●n.  1  a transsexual person 有异性转化欲的人 2  a person whose sex has been changed by surgery (经外科手术)变性者 □ transsexualism  n.  

trans-ship /trænsˈʃip, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 tranship) intr. (-shipped, -shipping)  transfer from one ship or form of transport to another (把…)从一船转载于另一船；转运 □ trans-shipment  n.  

trans-sonic var.  of TRANSONIC  TRANSONIC 的变体

transubstantiation /ˌtrænsəbstænʃiˈeiʃ(ə)n, ˌtrɑ:n-, -siˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n. Theol. & RC Ch.  the conversion of the Eucharistic elements wholly into the body and blood of Christ, only the appearance of bread and wine still remaining 【神】【天主教】圣餐变体(指面饼和葡萄酒经神父祝祷后变成基督的身体和血) [medieval Latin (as TRANS-, SUBSTANCE)]

transude /trænˈsju:d, trɑ:n-/ v. intr. (of a fluid) pass through the pores or interstices of a membrane etc. (液体)漏出；渗出 □ transudation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ transudatory  /-dət(ə)ri/ adj.   [French transsuder from Old French tressuer (as TRANS-, Latin sudare ‘to sweat’)]

transuranic /trænsjʊˈrænik, trɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj. Chem. (of an element) having a higher atomic number than uranium 【化】(元素)超铀的，铀后的

Transvaal daisy /trænzˈvɑ:l, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  a S. African gerbera, Gerbera jamesonii, grown for its large daisy-like flowers in various colours 非洲菊，德兰士瓦雏菊(产于南非德兰士瓦省的菊花，其花朵硕大，色彩各异) [Transvaal, province in S. Africa]

transversal /trænzˈvɜ:s(ə)l, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a line) cutting a system of lines (线条)横断的，横切的 ●n.  a transversal line 横截线 □ transversality  /-ˈsæliti/ n.  □ transversally  adv.   [Middle English from medieval Latin transversalis (as TRANSVERSE)]

transverse /trænzˈvɜ:s, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ adj.  situated, arranged, or acting in a crosswise direction 横的，横向的 □ transversely  adv.   [Latin transvertere transvers- ‘turn across’ (as TRANS-, vertere ‘turn’)]

transverse flute  see 见 FLUTE n. 1a 

transverse magnet n.  a magnet with poles at the sides and not the ends 横向磁铁

transverse wave n. Physics  a wave in which the medium vibrates at right angles to the direction of its propagation 【物理学】横波

transvestism /trænzˈvestiz(ə)m, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n. (also 亦作 transvestitism /-taitiz(ə)m/)  the practice of wearing the clothes of the opposite sex, esp. as a sexual stimulus 异性装扮癖(尤指为了性刺激) □ transvestist  n.   [German Transvestismus, from TRANS- + Latin vestire ‘clothe’]

transvestite /trænzˈvestait, trɑ:nz-, -ns-/ n.  a person, esp. a man, given to transvestism 异性装扮癖者(尤指男人)

trap1 /træp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an enclosure or device, often baited, for catching animals, usu. by affording a way in but not a way out (通常放有诱饵用以捕捉动物的)陷阱；罗网b  a device with bait for killing vermin esp. (尤其) = MOUSETRAP 1 (放有诱饵用以捕杀害虫的)夹子；捕捉机； 2  a trick betraying a person into speech or an act (陷害人的)圈套，诡计  is this question a trap?  这个问题是一个圈套吗？ 3  an arrangement to catch an unsuspecting person, e.g. a speeding motorist (针对超速行驶者的)车速检测设施 4  a device for hurling an object such as a clay pigeon into the air to be shot at (抛掷飞碟于空中作打靶练习的)抛靶器 5  a compartment from which a greyhound is released at the start of a race (赛狗开始时放狗冲出的)放狗隔栏 6  a shoe-shaped wooden device with a pivoted bar that sends a ball from its heel into the air on being struck at the other end with a bat (射球戏用的)木制抛球器 7  a  a curve in a downpipe etc. that fills with liquid and forms a seal against the upward passage of gases (水槽等下面的) U 形弯管， S 形弯管b  a device for preventing the passage of steam etc. (防止气体等物溢出的)气阀 8 Golf  a bunker 【高尔夫球】高尔夫球场的沙坑 9  a device allowing pigeons to enter but not leave a loft (鸽子只能进不能出的)单向活门 10  a two-wheeled carriage 双轮马车  a pony and trap  一辆小马拉的轻便双轮马车 11  = TRAPDOOR  12 slang  the mouth (esp. 尤用于 shut one's trap 住嘴) [俚语]嘴巴 13 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数) slang  a percussion instrument, esp. in a jazz band [俚语] (尤指爵士乐队中的)打击乐器 ●v. tr. (trapped, trapping)  1  catch (an animal) in a trap 设陷阱捕捉(动物) 2  catch or catch out (a person) by means of a trick, plan, etc. (利用诡计、计谋等)使(人)落入圈套 3  stop and retain in or as in a trap 阻止，(使受)抑制 4  provide (a place) with traps 设置陷阱(于某地) □ traplike  adj.   [Old English treppe, trœppe, related to Middle Dutch trappe, medieval Latin trappa, of uncertain origin]

trap2 /træp/ v. tr. (trapped, trapping) (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  1  provide with trappings 给…配上马饰 2  adorn 打扮，装饰 [obsolete noun trap: Middle English from Old French drap: see DRAPE]

trap3 /træp/ n. (in full 全称 trap-rock)  any dark-coloured igneous rock, fine-grained and columnar in structure, esp. basalt 暗色岩(有细纹路，呈圆柱形，尤指玄武岩) [Swedish trapp from trappa ‘stair’, from the often stairlike appearance of its outcroppings]

trap-ball n.  a game played with a trap (see 见 TRAP1 n. 6) 射球戏

trapdoor /træpˈdɔ:/ n.  a door or hatch in a floor, ceiling, or roof, usu. made flush with the surface (舞台的)地板门；(天花板的)活板门；(屋顶的)活动天窗

trapdoor spider n.  any spider of the family Ctenizidae, living in a burrow with a hinged cover like a trapdoor 活板门蜘蛛(营巢于泥土中，巢顶有类似活板门的盖子)

trapes var.  of TRAIPSE  TRAIPSE 的变体

trapeze /trəˈpi:z/ n.  a crossbar or set of crossbars suspended by ropes and used as a swing for acrobatics etc. (用绳子悬吊着的、用作杂技表演等的)吊架，高空秋千 [French trapèze from Late Latin trapezium: see TRAPEZIUM]

trapezium /trəˈpi:ziəm/ n. (pl. trapezia /-ziə/ or trapeziums)  1 Brit.  a quadrilateral with only one pair of sides parallel [英]梯形 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = TRAPEZOID 1  [Late Latin from Greek trapezion, from trapeza ‘table’]

trapezius /trəˈpi:ziəs/ n. (pl. trapezii /-ziai/) Anat.  either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders 【解】斜方肌(脖子和肩膀后部的大块三角肌)

trapezoid /ˈtræpizɔid, trəˈpi:zɔid/ n.  1 Brit.  a quadrilateral with no two sides parallel [英] (没有任何两条边平行的)不规则四边形 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = TRAPEZIUM 1  □ trapezoidal  adj.   [modern Latin trapezoides from Greek trapezoeidēs (as TRAPEZIUM)]

trapper /ˈtræpə/ n.  a person who traps wild animals, esp. to obtain furs (尤指为获得野兽毛皮而设陷阱的)捕兽者

trappings /ˈtræpiŋz/ n. pl.  1  ornamental accessories, esp. as an indication of status (尤指标志地位的)服饰；礼服  the trappings of office  官服 2  the harness of a horse esp. when ornamental (尤指仪式时用的)马饰 [Middle English (as TRAP2)]

Trappist /ˈtræpist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a branch of the Cistercian order of monks founded in 1664 at La Trappe in Normandy and noted for an austere rule including a vow of silence (天主教西多会中的)特拉普派 (1664 年成立于诺曼底的 La Trappe 修道院，此派以严厉的缄口苦修而闻名) ●adj.  of or relating to this order 特拉普派的 [French trappiste from La Trappe]

trap-rock  see 见 TRAP3 

traps /træps/ n. pl. Brit. colloq.  personal belongings; baggage [英口]个人物品；随身携带物；行李 [perhaps contraction from TRAPPINGS]

trap-shooting n.  the sport of shooting at objects released from a trap (多向)飞靶射击 □ trap-shooter  n.  

trash /træʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. US  rubbish, refuse [尤美]垃圾，废物 2  things of poor workmanship, quality, or material; worthless stuff (工艺、质量或材料)很拙劣的东西；不值钱的东西 3 esp. US  nonsense [尤美]废话  talk trash  说废话 4  a worthless person or persons 无用的人 5 (in full 全称 cane-trash) W.Ind.  the refuse of crushed sugar canes and dried stripped leaves and tops of sugar cane used as fuel [西印]甘蔗渣；甘蔗枯叶 ●v. tr.  1 esp. N. Amer. colloq.  wreck [尤北美口]捣毁，破坏；打碎 2  strip (sugar canes) of their outer leaves to speed up the ripening process 去除(甘蔗的)外层叶子以利生长 3 esp. US colloq.  expose the worthless nature of; disparage [尤美口]揭露…的弱点；贬低；诽谤 [Middle English: origin unknown]

trash can n. N. Amer.  a dustbin [北美]垃圾箱

trash-ice n. (on a sea, lake, etc.) broken ice mixed with water (指海、湖等)混有水的碎冰

trashy /ˈtræʃi/ adj. (trashier, trashiest)  worthless; poorly made 垃圾一样的；毫无价值的；蹩脚的 □ trashily  adv.  □ trashiness  n.  

trass /træs/ n. (also 亦作 tarras /təˈræs/)  a light-coloured variety of tuff used in making cement (用作制水泥的)粗面凝灰岩 [Dutch trass, earlier terras, tiras, via Romanic from Latin terra ‘earth’]

trattoria /trætəˈri:ə/ n.  an Italian restaurant 意大利式餐馆 [Italian]

trauma /ˈtrɔ:mə, ˈtraʊmə/ n. (pl. traumata /-mətə/ or traumas)  1  a Psychol.  emotional shock following a stressful event, sometimes leading to long-term neurosis 【心】(感情或心理上的)创伤b  a distressing or emotionally disturbing experience etc. (感情上的)痛苦经历 2  any physical wound or injury (身体的)外伤；伤口 3  physical shock following this, characterized by a drop in body temperature, mental confusion, etc. (对身体所造成的)损伤，损害(往往出现体温下降、心理紊乱等特征) □ traumatize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ traumatization  /-taiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Greek trauma traumatos ‘wound’]

traumatic /trɔ:ˈmætik, traʊ-/ adj.  1  of or causing trauma 创伤的；造成创伤的 2 colloq. [口] (in general use 一般用法中)  distressing; emotionally disturbing 令人痛苦的；(感情上)使人不快的  a traumatic experience  一次令人痛苦的经历 3  of or for wounds 外伤(性)的，损伤(性)的 □ traumatically  adv.   [Late Latin traumaticus from Greek traumatikos (as TRAUMA)]

traumatism /ˈtrɔ:mətiz(ə)m, ˈtraʊ-/ n.  1  the action of a trauma 创伤；外伤 2  a condition produced by this 伤，伤口

travail /ˈtræveil/ n. & v. literary [文学用语] ●n.  1  painful or laborious effort 艰苦劳动；辛勤努力 2  the pangs of childbirth (分娩时的)阵痛 ●v. intr.  undergo a painful effort, esp. in childbirth (尤指分娩时)经受阵痛 [Middle English from Old French travail, travaillier, ultimately via medieval Latin trepalium ‘instrument of torture’, from Latin tres ‘three’ + palus ‘stake’]

travel /ˈtræv(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr. (travelled, travelling; US usu. [美]通常 traveled, traveling)  1 intr.  go from one place to another; make a journey, esp. of some length or abroad 旅行(尤指较长的或去国外的旅行) 2 tr.  a  journey along or through (a country) 游历(某一国家)b  cover (a distance) in travelling 走过，经过(一段距离) 3 intr. colloq.  withstand a long journey [口]经得起长途运输  wines that do not travel  经不起长途运输的葡萄酒 4 intr.  go from place to place as a salesman 旅行推销 5 intr.  move or proceed in a specified manner or at a specified rate (以特定方式或特定速度)行进，运行  light travels faster than sound  光运行的速度比声音快 6 intr. colloq.  move quickly [口]快速移动 7 intr.  pass esp. in a deliberate or systematic manner from point to point (尤指有意地或系统地)扫视；遍历  the photographer's eye travelled over the scene  摄影师的眼睛扫视了整个场景 8 intr. (of a machine or part) move or operate in a specified way (指机器或部件)转动；运转 9 intr. (of deer etc.) move onwards in feeding (鹿等)边进食边向前移动 ●n.  1  a  the act of travelling, esp. in foreign countries (尤指在国外的)旅行b (often in pl. 常用复数)  a spell of this 周游，漫游  have returned from their travels  他们周游一段之后回来了 2  the range, rate, or mode of motion of a part in machinery (机器部件的)转动，运行 [Middle English, originally = TRAVAIL]

travel agency n. (also 亦作 travel bureau)  an agency that makes the necessary arrangements for travellers 旅行社 □ travel agent  n.  

travelled /ˈtræv(ə)ld/ adj.  experienced in travelling 富有旅行经验的 also in comb. 亦用于复合词 : much-travelled  见多识广的

traveller /ˈtræv(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] traveler)  1  a person who travels or is travelling 旅行者，旅游者，游客 2 Brit. [英]  = COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER  3  a gypsy 吉卜赛人 4 (also 亦作 New Age traveller)  a person who embraces New Age values and leads an itinerant and unconventional lifestyle 新时代游子(崇奉新时代价值观念，过着非传统的漫游式生活的人) 5 Austral.  an itinerant workman; a swagman [澳]流动工人；背着行囊到处流浪的人 6  a moving mechanism, esp. a travelling crane 活动起重架(尤指移动式起重机)

traveller's cheque n.  a cheque for a fixed amount that may be cashed on signature, usu. internationally 旅行支票(通常为国际通用的、经签名即可兑现一定钱数的支票)

traveller's joy n.  a wild clematis, Clematis vitalba 葡萄叶铁线莲

traveller's tale n.  an incredible and probably untrue story 无稽之谈

travelling crane n.  a crane able to move on rails, esp. along an overhead support (可在轨道上运行的)移动式起重机

travelling rug n. Brit.  a rug used for warmth on a journey [英] (旅行中取暖用的)旅行毯

travelling salesman n.  a male commercial traveller 男推销员

travelling wave n. Physics  a wave in which the medium moves in the direction of propagation 【物理学】行波，前进波(传导体朝传播方向运行的波)

travelogue /ˈtrævəlɒɡ/ n.  a film or illustrated lecture about travel 旅行纪录片；旅行见闻讲座 [TRAVEL, on the pattern of monologue etc.]

travel-sick adj.  suffering from nausea caused by motion in travelling 旅行眩晕的 □ travel-sickness  n.  

traverse /ˈtrævəs, trəˈvɜ:s/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  travel or lie across 穿越；横渡，横越；横贯，横跨  traversed the country  穿越那个国家 a pit traversed by a beam  横搭着一根木梁的坑 2 tr.  consider or discuss the whole extent of (a subject) 全面研究，详细讨论(某一问题) 3 tr.  turn (a large gun) horizontally (呈水平方向)转动(大炮) 4 tr. Law  deny (an allegation) in pleading 【法律】否认；反驳(申诉中的指控) 5 tr.  thwart, frustrate, or oppose (a plan or opinion) 妨碍；阻止；反对(计划或意见) 6 intr. (of the needle of a compass etc.) turn on or as on a pivot (指南针的磁针等)转动，在轴上旋转 7 intr. (of a horse) walk obliquely (指马)斜行 8 intr.  make a traverse in climbing (登山运动中)作横向穿越 ●n.  1  a sideways movement 横向行动，横向移动 2  an act of traversing 横越，穿越 3  a thing, esp. part of a structure, that crosses another 横断物；横档；横轴；横梁 4  a gallery extending from side to side of a church or other building (教堂或其它建筑物的)通廊，楼厢 5  a  a single line of survey, usu. plotted from compass bearings and chained or paced distances between angular points (测量用的)导线b  a tract surveyed in this way (用导线测量出的)横截 6 Naut.  a zigzag line taken by a ship because of contrary winds or currents 【海】(由于逆风或逆流给轮船造成的)曲线航行，折航 7  a skier's similar movement on a slope. (滑雪者在斜坡上的)曲线前行 8  the sideways movement of a part in a machine (机器部件的)横向运行，横转 9  a  a sideways motion across a rock face from one practicable line of ascent or descent to another (攀登岩壁时的) Z 字形爬登b  a place where this is necessary Z 字形爬登处 10 Mil.  a pair of right-angle bends in a trench to avoid enfilading fire 【军】(战壕里为躲避纵向射击炮火而修建的)土护墙；屏障 11 Law  a denial, esp. of an allegation of a matter of fact 【法律】(尤指对指控事实的)否认；反驳 12  the act of turning a large gun horizontally to the required direction (大炮为瞄准所需方向而进行的)水平旋转，方向转动 □ traversable  adj.  □ traversal  n.  □ traverser  n.   [Old French traverser from Late Latin traversare, transversare (as TRANSVERSE)]

travertine /ˈtrævətin/ n.  a white or light-coloured calcareous rock deposited from springs 石灰华，钙华(白色或淡色的钙质石，溶于泉水中) [Italian travertino, tivertino from Latin tiburtinus ‘of Tibur’ (now Tivoli) a district near Rome]

travesty /ˈtrævisti/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a grotesque misrepresentation or imitation 滑稽模仿；歪曲；嘲弄  a travesty of justice  一次对正义的嘲弄 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make or be a travesty of 滑稽(或拙劣)地模仿；歪曲；嘲弄 [originally an adjective: French travesti, past part. of travestir ‘disguise, change the clothes of’, from Italian travestire (as TRANS-, vestire ‘clothe’)]

travois /trəˈvɔi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 /-ˈvɔiz/)  a N. American Indian vehicle of two joined poles pulled by a horse etc. for carrying a burden (北美印第安人用来运载重物的) (马或狗拉的)无轮滑撬 [earlier travail from French, perhaps the same word as TRAVAIL]

trawl /trɔ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 through, for)  a  fish with a trawl or seine 用拖网(或围网)捕鱼b  search thoroughly (彻底)搜查 2 tr.  a  catch by trawling 撒网捕捉b (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  search thoroughly through (彻底)搜罗，网罗；搜集  trawled the schools for new trainees  在学校到处网罗需接受培训的人 ●n.  1  an act of trawling 拖网钓鱼(法)；曳绳钓鱼(法) 2 (in full 全称 trawl net)  a large wide-mouthed fishing net dragged by a boat along the bottom 拖网(一种由船沿着水底拖动的宽大鱼网) 3 (in full 全称 trawl line) US  a long sea-fishing line buoyed and supporting short lines with baited hooks [美] (很长的捕捉海鱼的)排钩 [probably from Middle Dutch traghelen ‘to drag’ (cf. 参见 traghel ‘dragnet’), perhaps from Latin tragula]

trawler /ˈtrɔ:lə/ n.  1  a boat used for trawling 拖网渔船 2  a person who trawls 拖网捕鱼者

trawlerman /ˈtrɔ:ləmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who works on a trawler 拖网渔民，拖网渔船工人

tray /trei/ n.  1  a flat shallow vessel usu. with a raised rim for carrying dishes etc. or containing small articles, papers, etc. (盛物的)浅盘；(放碟子的)托盘；(办公桌上的)文件盘 2  a shallow lidless box forming a compartment of a trunk (大衣箱里的)隔层盘 □ trayful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Old English trīg from Germanic: related to TREE]

treacherous /ˈtretʃ(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  guilty of or involving treachery 不忠的；背叛的；奸诈的 2 (of the weather, ice, the memory, etc.) not to be relied on; likely to fail or give way (指天气、冰层、记忆等)变化莫测的；危险的；不牢靠的，靠不住的 □ treacherously  adv.  □ treacherousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French trecherous, via trecheor ‘a cheat’ from trechier, trichier: see TRICK]

treachery /ˈtretʃ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  violation of faith or trust; betrayal 背信；背叛，变节 2  an instance of this 背信行为；背叛行为

treacle /ˈtri:k(ə)l/ n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a  a syrup produced in refining sugar (炼制蔗糖时产生的)糖浆b  molasses 糖蜜 2  cloying sentimentality or flattery 令人腻烦的故作多情(或恭维话) □ treacly  adj.   [Middle English triacle from Old French, via Latin theriaca from Greek thēriakē ‘antidote against venom’, fem. of thēriakos (adj.), from thērion ‘wild beast’]

tread /tred/ v. & n. ●v. (past trod /trɒd/; past part. trodden /ˈtrɒd(ə)n/ or trod)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  set down one's foot; walk or step 踩；踏；践踏  do not tread on the grass  不要践踏草地 trod on a snail  踩到了一只蜗牛b (of the foot) be set down (用脚)踩下去 2 tr.  a  walk on 步行，走b (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  press or crush with the feet (用脚)踩压，踩碎 3 tr.  perform (steps etc.) by walking 走(步)，举(步)  trod a few paces  走了几步 4 tr.  make (a hole etc.) by treading 踩出(一个洞等) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  suppress; subdue mercilessly 蹂躏；无情压制 6 tr.  make a track with (dirt etc.) from the feet (脚)踩出(脏迹等) 7 tr. (often foll. by 通常后跟 in, into)  press down into the ground with the feet (脚在地面上)踩；踏  trod dirt into the carpet  把脏东西踩到地毯上了 8 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) (of a male bird) copulate with (a hen) (指雄鸟)与(雌鸟)交尾 ●n.  1  a manner or sound of walking 步法，步态；脚步声  recognized the heavy tread  听出了沉重的脚步声 2 (in full 全称 tread-board)  the top surface of a step or stair (楼梯或台阶的)顶头踏板 3  the thick moulded part of a vehicle tyre for gripping the road (车胎上着地的)花纹胎面 4  a  the part of a wheel that touches the ground or rail 着地面，踏面(指车轮压在路面或钢轨上的部分)b  the part of a rail that the wheels touch 钢轨踏面(指钢轨与车轮接触的部分) 5  the part of the sole of a shoe that rests on the ground 鞋底；脚底 6 (of a male bird) copulation (雄鸟的)交尾 □ tread the boards (or stage)   be an actor; appear on the stage 当演员；登台表演□ tread on air   see 见 AIR □ tread on a person's toes   offend a person or encroach on a person's privileges etc. 冒犯某人；侵犯某人的特权等□ tread out   1  stamp out (a fire etc.) 扑灭(火等) 2  press out (wine or grain) with the feet 用脚踩出(葡萄汁)；踩脱(谷粒)□ tread water   maintain an upright position in the water by moving the feet with a walking movement and the hands with a downward circular motion 踩水(双脚以步行方式移动，双手在水中朝下划水以保持直立姿势)□ treader  n.   [Old English tredan, from West Germanic]

treadle /ˈtred(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a lever worked by the foot and imparting motion to a machine (通过脚踏使机器传动的)踏板 ●v. intr.  work a treadle 踩动踏板；踩踏板操作 [Old English tredel ‘stair’ (as TREAD)]

treadmill /ˈtredmil/ n.  1  a device for producing motion by the weight of persons or animals stepping on steps on the inner surface of a revolving upright wheel (由人或牲口踩动踏板使之转动的)踏车 2  a similar device used for exercise (锻炼用的)踏车 3  monotonous routine work (单调乏味的)日常工作

treadwheel /ˈtredwi:l/ n.  = TREADMILL 1 

treason /ˈtri:z(ə)n/ n.  1 (in full 全称 high treason: see note below 见下面用法说明)  violation by a subject of allegiance to the sovereign or to the State, esp. by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or to overthrow the government 重叛逆罪；叛国罪(尤指企图谋杀君主或推翻政府) 2 (in full 全称 petty treason) hist.  murder of one's master or husband, regarded as a form of treason [史义]轻叛逆罪(如谋杀主人或丈夫) □ treasonous  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French treisoun etc., Old French traïson, from Latin traditio ‘handing over’ (as TRADITION)]■Usage 用法说明 The crime of petty treason was abolished in 1828; this is why the term high treason, originally distinguished from petty treason, now has the same meaning as treason. 罪名 petty treason (“轻叛逆罪”)已于 1828 年废除。这就是为什么最早用以区别 petty treason 的 high treason (“重叛逆罪”) 今天与 treason 同义。 

treasonable /ˈtri:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  involving or guilty of treason 谋反的，叛逆的；犯叛逆罪的；犯叛国罪的 □ treasonably  adv.  

treasure /ˈtreʒə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  precious metals or gems 金银财宝，珍宝b  a hoard of these 宝藏c  accumulated wealth (累积的)财富 2  a thing valued for its rarity, workmanship, associations, etc. (因稀罕、工艺、关系等而值钱的)珍品，珍藏品  art treasures  艺术珍品 3 colloq.  a much loved or highly valued person [口]非常可爱的人；难得的人 ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  store up as valuable 储存；珍藏 2  value (esp. a long-kept possession) highly 珍爱，珍视(尤指长期保存的东西) [Middle English from Old French tresor, ultimately from Greek thēsauros: see THESAURUS]

treasure hunt n.  1  a search for treasure 寻找珍贵物品 2  a game in which players seek a hidden object from a series of clues (靠线索搜寻的)寻宝游戏

treasurer /ˈtreʒ(ə)rə/ n.  1  a person appointed to administer the funds of a society or municipality etc. 会计(员)；出纳(员) 2  an officer authorized to receive and disburse public revenues 财务主管；司库 □ treasurership  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French tresorer, Old French tresorier, from tresor (see TREASURE), influenced by Late Latin thesaurarius]

treasure trove n.  1 Law  treasure of unknown ownership which is found hidden in the ground etc. and is declared the property of the Crown 【法律】埋藏物(指埋在地下的无主财宝) 2  a collection of valuable or delightful things 有价值的(或喜爱的)收藏物

treasury /ˈtreʒ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a place or building where treasure is stored 金库；库房；藏宝楼 2  the funds or revenue of a state, institution, or society (国家、机构、社团等的)金库；国库 3 (作 Treasury)  a  the department managing the public revenue of a country (一国的)财政部b  the offices and officers of this 财政部官员c  the place where the public revenues are kept 财政部所在地 [Middle English from Old French tresorie (as TREASURE)]

Treasury bench n. (in the UK) the front bench in the House of Commons occupied by the Prime Minister, Chancellor of the Exchequer, etc. 国务大臣席位(指英国下议院中首相、财政大臣等坐的前排席位)

treasury bill n.  a bill of exchange issued by the government to raise money for temporary needs (政府为了集资而发行的)短期国库券

treasury note n. US & hist.  a note issued by the Treasury for use as currency [美史义] (财政部发行的)纸币

treat /tri:t/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  act or behave towards or deal with (a person or thing) in a certain way (以某种方式)对待(某人或某事)；看待；视为  treated me kindly  对我很好 treat it as a joke  把这当作一个玩笑 2 tr.  deal with or apply a process to; act upon to obtain a particular result 对付；处理  treat it with acid  用酸来处理它 3 tr.  apply medical care or attention to 医疗，医治 4 tr.  present or deal with (a subject) in literature or art (文学艺术作品中)描绘，描述；表现(某一主题) 5 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  provide with food or drink or entertainment at one's own expense (自己花费)款待，招待，请(客)  treated us to dinner  请我们吃饭 6 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  negotiate terms (with a person) (与某人)谈判，协商 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  give a spoken or written exposition (口头)阐述，讲解；(书面)评注 ●n.  1  an event or circumstance (esp. when unexpected or unusual) that gives great pleasure (尤指未曾预料的或不同寻常的、能带来极大快乐的)乐事，乐趣 2  a meal, entertainment, etc., provided by one person for the enjoyment of another or others 款待，请客，作东(请别人吃饭、娱乐等) 3 (prec. by 前接 a) Brit.  extremely good or well [英]极好，很出色  they looked a treat  他们看上去好极了 has come on a treat  已出现很好的迹象 □ treatable  adj.  □ treater  n.  □ treating  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French treter, Old French traitier from Latin tractare ‘handle’, frequentative of trahere tract- ‘draw, pull’]

treatise /ˈtri:tis, -iz/ n.  a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject (正式地、系统地阐述某一主题的)著作 [Middle English via Anglo-French tretis from Old French traitier TREAT]

treatment /ˈtri:tm(ə)nt/ n.  1  a process or manner of behaving towards or dealing with a person or thing (对人或物的)待遇，对待  received rough treatment  受到粗暴的对待 2  the application of medical care or attention to a patient (给病人的)治疗；医疗 3  a manner of treating a subject in literature or art (对文学艺术作品中某一主题的)描绘，描述 4  subjection to the action of a chemical, physical, or biological agent (用化学、物理或生物制剂的)处理 5 (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the customary way of dealing with a person, situation, etc. [口]对待某人或某情况的惯例  got the full treatment  得到了按惯例的全套待遇

treaty /ˈtri:ti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states (国家之间正式达成的)条约 2  an agreement between individuals or parties, esp. for the purchase of property (双方之间的)协议，协定(尤指为了财产的买卖) [Middle English via Anglo-French treté from Latin tractatus TRACTATE]

treaty port n. hist.  a port that a country was bound by treaty to keep open to foreign trade [史义] (根据条约规定的)开放口岸

treble /ˈtreb(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  threefold 有三部分的b  triple 三重的c  three times as much or many 三倍的  treble the amount  数量的三倍 2 (of a voice) high-pitched (指声音)高声的，尖声的 3 Mus. 【音】  = SOPRANO(esp. of an instrument or with reference to a boy's voice 尤指乐器或童声)  ●n.  1  a treble quantity or thing 三倍份量 2 Darts  a hit on the narrow ring enclosed by the two middle circles of a dartboard, scoring treble 【飞镖】击中镖盘上得三倍分数的内圈 3  a Mus. 【音】  = SOPRANO(esp. a boy's voice or part, or an instrument 尤指童声或乐器) b  a high-pitched voice 高声，尖声 4  the high-frequency output of a radio, record player, etc., corresponding to the treble in music (收音机、录音机等相当于最高声部的)高音；高音频率 5 Brit.  a system of betting in which the winnings and stake from the first bet are transferred to a second and then (if successful) to a third [英] (赌博中)连赢三次，连中三元 6 Brit. Sport  three victories or championships in the same season, event, etc. [英]【运动】(同一赛季或赛事中)连胜三次，三连胜 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become three times as much or many; increase threefold; multiply by three 使成三倍，使增加两倍 2 tr.  amount to three times as much as 成为三倍，增加两倍 □ trebly  adv. (in sense 1 of adj. 用于形容词释义 1)   [Middle English via Old French from Latin triplus TRIPLE]

treble chance n. Brit.  a form of football pool in which different numbers of points are awarded for a draw, an away win, and a home win [英] (足球赛赌注中的)三重彩投注法(指预测每场比赛三种结果——平局、客场获胜或主场获胜，以猜中次数多少定输赢)

treble clef n.  a clef placing G above middle C on the second lowest line of the staff 高音谱号

treble rhyme n.  a rhyme including three syllables 三音节押韵法

trebuchet /ˈtrebjʊʃet, -bəʃet/ n. (also 亦作 trebucket /ˈtrebʌkit, ˈtri:-/)  1 hist.  a military machine used in siege warfare for throwing stones etc. [史义] (攻城战斗中投掷大石块用的)投石机 2  a tilting balance for accurately weighing light articles (给小重量物品称重的)小型天平 [Middle English from Old French, from trebucher ‘overthrow’, ultimately from Frankish]

trecento /treiˈtʃentəʊ/ n.  the style of Italian art and literature of the 14th c. 14 世纪的意大利文学艺术风格 □ trecentist  n.   [Italian, = 300, shortened from milletrecento ‘1300’, used with reference to the years 1300 － 99]

tree /tri:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a perennial plant with a woody self-supporting main stem or trunk when mature and usu. unbranched for some distance above the ground (cf. 参见 SHRUB1) 树，树木(多年生植物，成熟时靠自身的木质主干支撑，通常在高出地面一定距离才分出枝桠)b  any similar plant having a tall erect usu. single stem, e.g. palm tree 树(指直立较高的、通常单一躯干的、形状似树的草本植物，如棕榈树) 2  a piece or frame of wood etc. for various purposes (用于各种目的的)木制用具，木制构件  shoe-tree  鞋楦 3 archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  a  a gibbet 绞刑架；吊杆b  a cross, esp. the one used for Christ's crucifixion (尤指钉死耶稣的)十字架 4 (in full 全称 tree diagram) Math.  a diagram with a structure of branching connecting lines 【数】树形图 5  = FAMILY TREE  ●v. tr. (trees, treed)  1  force to take refuge in a tree 把…追赶上树；赶…上树(躲避) 2 esp. US  put into a difficult position [尤美]使陷入困境，使走投无路 3  stretch on a shoe-tree 给…上鞋楦；用鞋楦撑 □ grow on trees  (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  be plentiful 盛产；极易得到□ up a tree  esp. N. Amer.  cornered; nonplussed [尤北美]逼入死角；陷入困境□ treeless  adj.  □ treelessness  n.  □ treelike  adj.   [Old English trēow, from Germanic]

tree agate n.  agate with treelike markings 树纹玛瑙

tree calf n.  a calf binding for books stained with a treelike design (用来装订图书的)树纹小牛皮

treecreeper /ˈtri:kri:pə/ n.  any small creeping bird, esp. of the family Certhiidae, feeding on insects in the bark of trees 旋木雀(体型较小的爬行鸟，以树皮里的昆虫为食)

tree diagram  see 见 TREE n. 4 

tree fern n.  a large fern, esp. of the family Cyatheaceae, with an upright trunklike stem 桫椤(一种高大的、树干直立的蕨类植物)

tree frog n.  any arboreal tailless amphibian, esp. of the family Hylidae, climbing by means of adhesive discs on its digits 树蛙(栖于树木的无尾两栖动物，尤指雨蛙类，爬树时靠其足趾上有黏着力的圆盘)

tree heath n.  = BRIER2 1 

tree hopper n.  any insect of the family Membracidae, living in trees 角蝉(居于树上的一种蝉类昆虫)

tree house n.  a structure in a tree for children to play in (供儿童玩耍的)树上小屋

tree line n.  = TIMBERLINE 

tree mallow n.  a tall woody-stemmed European mallow, Lavatera arborea, of cliffs and rocks 花葵(长在悬崖石壁上的欧洲锦葵科植物)

treen /tri:n/ n. (treated as pl. 看作复数)  small domestic wooden objects, esp. antiques 木制家用器皿(尤指木制古玩) [earlier adjective treen ‘wooden’ from Old English trēowen (as TREE)]

treenail /ˈtri:neil/ n. (also 亦作 trenail)  a hard wooden pin for securing timbers etc. (钉厚板材等用的)木钉，木栓

tree of heaven n.  a fast-growing Chinese ailanthus, Ailanthus altissima, widely grown for its foliage 臭椿(长势很快的中国椿树，因其簇叶而广泛种植)

tree of knowledge n.  1 Bibl.  the tree in the Garden of Eden bearing the forbidden fruit 【圣经】知善恶树，智慧之树(伊甸园中结有禁果之树) 2  the branches of knowledge as a whole 全部知识门类；知识领域

tree of life n.  = ARBOR VITAE 

tree ring n.  a ring in a cross-section of a tree, from one year's growth (树木生长的)年轮

tree shrew n.  any small insect-eating arboreal mammal of the family Tupaiidae having a pointed nose and bushy tail 树鼩(体型较小、以昆虫为食的栖树哺乳动物，鼻尖，尾巴多茸毛)

tree sparrow n.  1  a Eurasian sparrow, Passer montanus, inhabiting agricultural land 树麻雀(在欧亚地区常见的、栖居于农田的麻雀) 2 N. Amer.  a N. American sparrow-like bird, Spizella arborea, of the bunting family, breeding on the edge of the tundra [北美]北美树雀(在北美冻原边缘地带常见的麻雀)

tree surgeon n.  a person who treats decayed trees in order to preserve them 树木整修专家 □ tree surgery  n.  

tree toad n.  = TREE FROG 

tree tomato n.  a S. American shrub, Cyphomandra betacea, with egg-shaped red fruit 树番茄(南美的一种灌木，产蛋形红色果子)

treetop /ˈtri:tɒp/ n.  the topmost part of a tree 树梢

tree trunk n.  the trunk of a tree 树干

trefa /ˈtreifə/ adj. (also tref /treif/ and other variants 亦作 tref 并有其他变体形式)  not kosher 不洁净的，不可食用的 [Hebrew ṭĕrēpɑˉh ‘the flesh of an animal torn or mauled’, from ṭɑˉrap ‘rend’]

trefoil /ˈtrefɔil, ˈtri:fɔil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  any leguminous plant of the genus Trifolium, with leaves of three leaflets and flowers of various colours, esp. clover 车轴草，三叶草(叶子呈三片小叶状，花呈各种不同颜色) 2  any plant with similar leaves 三叶植物 3  a three-lobed ornamentation, esp. in tracery windows (尤指花格窗的)三叶形装饰 4  a thing arranged in or with three lobes 做成三叶形的东西 ●adj.  of or concerning a three-lobed plant, window tracery, etc. 车轴草的，三叶草的；三叶植物的；三叶形的 □ trefoiled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Anglo-French trifoil from Latin trifolium (as TRI-, folium ‘leaf’)]

trek /trek/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (trekked, trekking)  1  travel or make one's way arduously (艰难地)旅行；跋涉  trekking through the forest  艰难地穿过那片森林 2 esp. S. Afr. hist.  migrate or journey with one's belongings by ox-wagon [尤南非史义]用牛车拉货；乘牛车迁移(或旅行) 3 S. Afr. (of an ox) draw a vehicle or pull a load [南非] (牛)拉车；驮货 ●n.  1  a  a journey or walk made by trekking (艰难的)旅行；跋涉  it was a trek to the nearest launderette  到最近的自助洗衣店也要走很长的路b  each stage of such a journey (旅行中的)一段旅程 2  an organized migration of a body of persons (一大群人的)有组织的迁移；集体移民 □ trekker  n.   [South African Dutch trek (n.), trekken (v.) ‘draw, travel’]

trellis /ˈtrelis/ n. & v. ●n. (in full 全称 trellis-work)  a lattice or grating of light wooden or metal bars used esp. as a support for fruit trees or creepers and often fastened against a wall (尤指用来支撑果树或攀缘植物的)格子棚架；格子结构 ●v. tr. (trellised, trellising)  1  provide with a trellis 为…搭棚架 2  support (a vine etc.) with a trellis 使(葡萄等)攀缘在棚架上 [Middle English from Old French trelis, trelice, ultimately from Latin trilix ‘three-ply’ (as TRI-, licium ‘warp-thread’)]

trematode /ˈtremətəʊd/ n.  any parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, esp. a fluke, equipped with hooks or suckers, e.g. a liver fluke 吸虫(属寄生性扁形虫，尤指带钩状器官或吸盘的蛭，如养肝蛭) [modern Latin Trematoda from Greek trēmatōdēs ‘perforated’, from trēma ‘hole’]

tremble /ˈtremb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  shake involuntarily from fear, excitement, weakness, etc. (因恐惧、激动、虚弱等不由自主地)颤抖，发抖，战栗，哆嗦 2  be in a state of extreme apprehension 极度害怕；惊恐  trembled at the very thought of it  一想到那事就十分害怕 3  move in a quivering manner 摇晃，摇动  leaves trembled in the breeze  树叶在微风中摇曳 ●n.  1  a trembling state or movement; a quiver 颤抖，发抖，战栗，哆嗦  couldn't speak without a tremble  一说话就禁不住发抖 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a disease (esp. of cattle) marked by trembling (尤指牛的)震颤病 □ all of a tremble  colloq. [口]  1  trembling all over 浑身发抖 2  extremely agitated 万分紧张□ tremblingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French trembler from medieval Latin tremulare, from Latin tremulus TREMULOUS]

trembler /ˈtremblə/ n. Brit.  an automatic vibrator for making and breaking an electrical circuit [英] (用来连接及断开电流的)自动振动器

trembling poplar n.  an aspen (欧洲)山杨

trembly /ˈtrembli/ adj. (tremblier, trembliest) colloq.  trembling; agitated [口]颤抖的，发抖的；紧张的，激动的

tremendous /triˈmendəs/ adj.  1  awe-inspiring, fearful, overpowering 可怕的，可怖的 2 colloq.  remarkable, considerable, excellent [口]非常的；惊人的；精彩的；了不起的  a tremendous explosion  惊人的爆炸 gave a tremendous performance  进行了一次十分精彩的表演 □ tremendously  adv.  □ tremendousness  n.   [Latin tremendus, gerundive of tremere ‘tremble’]

tremolo /ˈtrem(ə)ləʊ/ n. (pl. tremolos) Mus. 【音】  1  a tremulous effect produced on musical instruments or in singing (乐器或唱歌产生的)震音，颤音 :a  by rapid reiteration of a note, esp. on bowed stringed instruments or on an organ (尤指弓弦乐器或管风琴的)震音音栓b  by rapid alternation between two notes (两个音符之间的)变奏音c  by rapid repeated slight variation in the pitch of a note, e.g. on an electric guitar Cf. 参见 VIBRATO 高音变奏(高音中快速反复的细微变异，如电吉它上的这种变音) 2  a  a device in an organ producing a tremolo (管风琴的)震音装置b (in full 全称 tremolo arm)  a lever on an electric guitar, used to produce a tremolo (电吉它上用以产生颤音的)控音杆 [Italian (as TREMULOUS)]

tremor /ˈtremə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shaking or quivering 震颤；颤抖 2  a thrill (of fear or exultation etc.) (恐惧或兴奋等引起的)战栗；激动；兴奋 3 (in full 全称 earth tremor)  a slight earthquake (轻微的)地震，小震 ●v. intr.  undergo a tremor or tremors 震颤；颤抖，战栗 [Middle English from Old French tremour & Latin tremor, from tremere ‘tremble’]

tremulous /ˈtremjʊləs/ adj.  1  trembling or quivering 颤抖的；战战兢兢的  in a tremulous voice  用颤抖的声音 2 (of a line etc.) drawn by a tremulous hand (指线条等)用颤抖的手画成的 3  timid or vacillating 胆小的，胆怯的；害怕的；动摇的 □ tremulously  adv.  □ tremulousness  n.   [Latin tremulus from tremere ‘tremble’]

trenail var.  of TREENAIL  TREENAIL 的变体

trench /tren(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long narrow usu. deep depression or ditch (狭长的、通常较深的)沟；沟渠 2 Mil. 【军】  a  this dug by troops to stand in and be sheltered from enemy fire (由部队挖掘、用以防御敌军火力的)战壕，堑壕b (in pl. 用复数)  a defensive system of these 战壕防御系统 3  a long narrow deep depression in the ocean bed 海沟，海底沟 ●v.  1 tr.  dig a trench or trenches in (the ground) 在(地上)挖战壕 2 tr.  turn over the earth of (a field, garden, etc.) by digging a succession of adjoining ditches 在(田地里、花园里等)开沟，挖沟 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) archaic [古义]  a  encroach 侵犯；侵占b  verge or border closely 接近于，近似 [Middle English from Old French trenche (n.) trenchier (v.), ultimately from Latin truncare TRUNCATE]

trenchant /ˈtren(t)ʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of a style or language etc.) incisive, terse, vigorous (风格或语言等)锐利的，犀利的；有力的 2 archaic or poet.  sharp, keen [古义] [诗]锋利的，尖锐的 □ trenchancy  n.  □ trenchantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French, part. of trenchier: see TRENCH]

trench coat n.  1  a soldier's lined or padded waterproof coat (士兵的)战壕雨衣 2  a loose belted raincoat (有腰带的)宽松式雨衣

trencher /ˈtren(t)ʃə/ n.  1 hist.  a wooden or earthenware platter for serving food [史义] (旧时木制的或陶土做的)食盘，(盛放食物的)盘子 2 (in full 全称 trencher cap)  a stiff square academic cap; a mortarboard (方顶形的)学士帽，学位帽 [Middle English from Anglo-French trenchour, Old French trencheoir, from trenchier: see TRENCH]

trencherman /ˈtren(t)ʃəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a person who eats well, or in a specified manner 胃口好的人  a good trencherman  胃口大的人

trench fever n.  a highly contagious rickettsial disease transmitted by lice, that infested soldiers in the trenches in the First World War 战壕热，五日热(由虱子传播的高度传染性的立克次氏体病，第一次世界大战期间曾使战壕里的许多士兵受害)

trench foot n.  a painful condition of the feet caused by long immersion in cold water or mud and marked by blackening and death of surface tissue 战壕足(由于长期浸泡于冷水或泥浆中而造成的足疾，其症状是足部表面组织变黑、坏死)

trench mortar n.  a light simple mortar throwing a bomb from one's own into the enemy trenches 迫击炮(向敌军战壕里发射炸弹的轻型简易炮)

trench warfare n.  hostilities carried on from more or less permanent trenches 堑壕战(敌我双方在战壕里进行的一种长期对峙)

trend /trend/ n. & v. ●n.  a general direction and tendency (esp. of events, fashion, or opinion etc.) 走向，趋向；(尤指事件、时尚或思想观点等的)倾向，趋势 ●v. intr.  1  bend or turn away in a specified direction 转向；偏向 2  be chiefly directed; have a general and continued tendency 走向，延伸；倾向于 [Old English trendan ‘revolve, rotate’ from Germanic: related to TRUNDLE]

trendify /ˈtrendifai/ v. tr. colloq.  make fashionable; give a fashionable appearance to [口]使时兴；按照时髦的款式…

trendsetter /ˈtrendsetə/ n.  a person who leads the way in fashion etc. (在时装等方面)领导潮流的人；标新立异者 □ trendsetting  adj.  

trendy /ˈtrendi/ adj. & n. colloq. [口] ●adj. (trendier, trendiest) often derog.  fashionable; following fashionable trends [常贬]时髦的；赶时髦的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a fashionable person 赶时髦的人 □ trendily  adv.  □ trendiness  n.  

trente-et-quarante /trɒ˜teikæˈrɒ˜t, 法 trɑ˜tɛkarɑ˜t/ n.  = ROUGE-ET-NOIR  [French, = thirty and forty]

trepan /triˈpæn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a cylindrical saw formerly used by surgeons for removing part of the bone of the skull (旧时外科医生用来切除部分颅骨的)环锯，筒形锯 2  a borer for sinking shafts 打眼机，钻孔机 ●v. tr. (trepanned, trepanning)  perforate (the skull) with a trepan 用环锯给(颅骨)穿孔 □ trepanation  /trepəˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ trepanning  n.   [Middle English via medieval Latin trepanum from Greek trupanon, via trupaō ‘bore’ from trupē ‘hole’]

trepang /triˈpæŋ/ n.  = BÊCHE-DE-MER 1  [Malay trīpang]

trephine /triˈfain, -ˈfi:n/ n. & v. ●n.  an improved form of trepan with a guiding centre-pin (中间带有导向针的)环锯；环钻 ●v. tr.  operate on with this 用环锯做手术 □ trephination  /trefiˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [originally trafine, from Latin tres fines ‘three ends’, apparently influenced by TREPAN]

trepidation /trepiˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a feeling of fear or alarm; perturbation of the mind 惊恐，恐惧；悸惧不安 2  tremulous agitation 战栗，颤抖 3  the trembling of limbs, e.g. in paralysis (四肢的)阵挛(如瘫痪时的阵挛) [Latin trepidatio, via trepidare ‘be agitated, tremble’, from trepidus ‘alarmed’]

trespass /ˈtrespəs/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on, upon)  make an unlawful or unwarrantable intrusion (esp. on land or property) 擅自闯入；侵犯；侵占(尤指土地或财产) 2 (foll. by 后跟 on)  make unwarrantable claims 烦扰，打扰  shall not trespass on your hospitality  绝不能烦扰你 3 (foll. by 后跟 against) literary or archaic  offend [文学用语] [古义]冒犯；违背，违反 ●n.  1 Law  a voluntary wrongful act against the person or property of another, esp. unlawful entry to a person's land or property 【法律】(尤指对他人土地或财产的)擅自闯入，非法侵犯 2 archaic  a sin or offence [古义]冒犯；违背；罪过；过失 □ trespass on a person's preserves  Brit.  meddle in another person's affairs [英]干涉别人的私事□ trespasser  n.   [Middle English from Old French trespasser ‘pass over, trespass’, trespas (n.), from medieval Latin transpassare (as TRANS-, PASS1)]

tress /tres/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long lock of human (esp. female) hair 一缕头发(尤指女性的头发) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a woman's or girl's head of hair (妇女或女孩的)披肩长发 ●v. tr.  arrange (hair) in tresses 把(头发)梳理成披肩长发 □ tressed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ tressy  adj.   [Middle English from Old French tresse, perhaps ultimately from Greek trikha ‘threefold’]

tressure /ˈtreʃə, ˈtres(j)ʊə/ n. Heraldry  a narrow orle 【纹章学】(盾形纹章的)较细内侧边线 [Middle English, originally = hair-ribbon, from Old French tressour etc. (as TRESS)]

trestle /ˈtres(ə)l/ n.  1  a supporting structure for a table etc., consisting of two frames fixed at an angle or hinged or of a bar supported by two divergent pairs of legs (搁放桌面等用的)支架；搁凳 2 (in full 全称 trestle-table)  a table consisting of a board or boards laid on trestles or other supports 搁板桌；支架台 3 (in full 全称 trestle-work)  an open braced framework to support a bridge etc. (支撑桥梁等用的)支架结构 4 (in full 全称 trestle-tree) Naut.  each of a pair of horizontal pieces on a lower mast supporting the topmast etc. 【海】(支撑上部桅杆等用的)桅顶纵桁 [Middle English from Old French trestel, ultimately from Latin transtrum ‘beam’]

tret /tret/ n. hist.  an allowance of extra weight formerly made to purchasers of some goods for waste in transportation [史义] (旧时为补偿运输中的损耗而给买主的)添量，添头，补头 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French, variant of trait ‘draught’: see TRAIT]

trevally /triˈvæli/ n. (pl. -ies)  any Australian fish of the genus Caranx, used as food 澳洲鲹(澳大利亚的食用鱼) [probably an alteration of cavally, a kind of fish, via Spanish caballo ‘horse’ from Latin (as CAVALRY)]

Trevor /ˈtrevə(r)/   特雷弗 [人名]

trews /tru:z/ n. pl. esp. Brit.  trousers, esp. close-fitting tartan trousers worn by women [尤英] (尤指妇女穿的)格子呢紧身裤 [Irish trius, Gaelic triubhas (sing.): cf. TROUSERS]

trey /trei/ n. (pl. treys)  the three on dice or cards (骨牌或纸牌上的)3 点 [Middle English via Old French trei, treis ‘three’ from Latin tres]

TRH abbr.  Their Royal Highnesses [缩略]王室殿下(对一个以上王室成员的间接尊称)

tri- /trai/ comb. form forming nouns and adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成名词和形容词 :  1  three or three times 三；三次；三倍 2 Chem. (forming the names of compounds) containing three atoms or groups of a specified kind (triacetate 三醋酸酯) 【化】(构成化合物名称)三元的，三价的 [Latin & Greek from Latin tres, Greek treis ‘three’]

triable /ˈtraiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  liable to a judicial trial 应受审讯的；可审理的 2  that may be tried or attempted 可尝试的，可实验的 [Middle English from Anglo-French (as TRY)]

triacetate /traiˈæsiteit/ n.  a cellulose derivative containing three acetate groups, esp. as a base for man-made fibres 三醋酸纤维素派生物(尤作为生产人造纤维的基本成分)

triad /ˈtraiæd/ n.  1  a group of three (esp. notes in a chord) 三人组合；三件一组；(尤指和弦音中的)三和弦 2  the number three (数字)三 3  a  any of various Chinese secret societies in various countries, usu. involved in criminal activities 三合会(旧时中国的秘密社团，常从事犯罪活动)b  a member of such a society 三合会成员 4  a Welsh form of literary composition with an arrangement in groups of three (威尔士文学作品中的)三题诗 □ triadic  /-ˈædik/ adj.  □ triadically  /-ˈædik(ə)li/ adv.   [French triade or Late Latin trias triad- from Greek trias -ados, from treis ‘three’]

triadelphous /traiəˈdelfəs/ adj. Bot.  having stamens united in three bundles 【植】三体雄蕊的 [TRI- + Greek adelphos ‘brother’]

triage /ˈtraiidʒ/ n.  1  the act of sorting according to quality (按性质进行的)分类 2  the assignment of degrees of urgency to decide the order of treatment of wounds, illnesses, etc. 伤病员鉴别分类(指对伤病员按轻重缓急分送适当地方救治) [French from trier: cf. TRY]

trial /ˈtraiəl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a judicial examination and determination of issues between parties by a judge with or without a jury (法官在有或没有陪审团的情况下对双方的争议所作的司法上的)审讯；审理；审判  stood trial for murder  因谋杀而接受审判 2  a  a process or mode of testing qualities 试；试验b  experimental treatment 实验c  a test 测试  will give you a trial  将对你进行一次测试 3  a trying thing or experience or person, esp. hardship or trouble 麻烦；艰苦；痛苦；磨难；惹麻烦的人(或东西)  the trials of old age  上年纪的众多苦恼 4  a sports match to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team (用测试运动员的能力来挑选队员的)选拔赛；预选赛 5  a test of individual ability on a motorcycle over rough ground or on a road 摩托车障碍检验赛(在凸凹不平的地面或路面上测试摩托车性能的比赛) 6  any of various contests involving performance by horses, dogs, or other animals (马、狗或其它动物的)性能测试赛 ●v. tr. & intr. (trialled, trialling; US [美] trialed, trialing)  subject to or undergo a test to assess performance 进行(或接受)性能测试 □ on trial   1  being tried in a court of law (在法庭上)受到审判 2  being tested; to be chosen or retained only if suitable 在测试中；在试用中 [Anglo -French trial, triel from trier TRY]

trial and error n.  repeated (usu. varied and unsystematic) attempts or experiments continued until successful 尝试—错误，试错法；反复实验(通常指各不相同的、不系统的反复尝试，直到成功为止)

trial balance n. (in double-entry bookkeeping) a statement of all the debit and credit balances in a ledger at a particular date, any disagreement indicating an error of some kind (复式记账法中的)试算平衡表(指某一特定日期的分类账中借贷双方的账目应平衡一致，如有不一致的地方，则表明账目有错)

trial balloon n.  an experiment to see how a new policy will be received 试探气球(为检测某一新政策的接受情况而进行的试探)；试行方案；试验性言论 [translation of French ballon d'essai]

trialist /ˈtraiəlist/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] triallist)  1  a person who takes part in a sports trial, motorcycle trial, etc. (选拔赛、摩托车障碍检验赛等的)参赛者 2  a person involved in a judicial trial 审讯中受到牵涉的人

trial jury n.  = PETTY JURY 

trial run n.  a preliminary test of a vehicle, vessel, machine, etc. 试车；试航；试机

triandrous /traiˈændrəs/ adj. Bot.  having three stamens 【植】三雄蕊的

triangle /ˈtraiæŋɡ(ə)l/ n.  1  a plane figure with three sides and angles 三角；三角形 2  any three things not in a straight line, with imaginary lines joining them 三个一组；三件一套 3  an implement of this shape 三角形的东西 4  a musical instrument consisting of a steel rod bent into a triangle and sounded by striking it with a small steel rod (打击乐器的)三角铁 5  a situation, esp. an emotional relationship, involving three people 三角关系(尤指涉及到三人的情感关系) 6  a right-angled triangle of wood etc. as a drawing implement (用作绘图工具的)三角板，三角尺 7 Naut.  a device of three spars for raising weights 【海】三脚起重架 8 hist.  a frame of three halberds joined at the top to which a soldier was bound for flogging [史义] (捆绑士兵以进行鞭打的)三戟刑具 [Middle English from Old French triangle or Latin triangulum, neut. of triangulus ‘three-cornered’ (as TRI-, ANGLE1)]

triangle of forces n.  a triangle whose sides represent in magnitude and direction three forces in equilibrium 力的三角形(指各边在强度和方向上三种力量相等的三角形)

triangular /traiˈæŋɡjʊlə/ adj.  1  triangle-shaped, three-cornered 三角的；三角形的 2 (of a contest or treaty etc.) between three persons or parties (指比赛或条约等)三人之间的；三方之间的 3 (of a pyramid) having a three-sided base (指金字塔状物)有三角形底的 □ triangularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ triangularly  adv.   [Late Latin triangularis (as TRIANGLE)]

triangulate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /traiˈæŋɡjʊleit/  1  divide (an area) into triangles for surveying purposes (为测量)把(某地)分成三角形 2  a  measure and map (an area) by the use of triangles with a known base length and base angles 用三角法测量(或测绘)b  determine (a height, distance, etc.) in this way 用三角法求出(高度、距离等) ●adj. /traiˈæŋɡjʊlət/ Zool.  marked with triangles 【动】有三角斑纹的 □ triangulately  /-lətli/ adv.  □ triangulation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin triangulatus ‘triangular’ (as TRIANGLE)]

triangulation point n.  a reference point on high ground used in surveying, frequently marked by a small pillar 三角测量点(竖立在高地上用作三角测量的参考点，通常用一根细小的立竿标示)

Triassic /traiˈæsik/ adj. & n. Geol. 【地质】  ●adj.  of or relating to the earliest period of the Mesozoic era with evidence of an abundance of reptiles (including the earliest dinosaurs) and the emergence of mammals 三叠纪的(中生代的最早时期，当时已出现包括早期恐龙在内的大量爬行动物和哺乳动物) ●n.  this period or system 三叠纪时期；三叠纪系 [Late Latin trias (as TRIAD), because the strata are divisible into three groups]

triathlon /traiˈæθlɒn, -lən/ n.  an athletic contest consisting of three different events 三项全能运动 □ triathlete  /-li:t/ n.  参加三项全能比赛的运动员 [TRI-, on the pattern of DECATHLON]

triatomic /traiəˈtɒmik/ adj. Chem. 【化】  1  having three atoms (of a specified kind) in the molecule 三原子的；由三原子的分子组成的 2  having three replacement atoms or radicals 三代的；三价的

triaxial /traiˈæksiəl/ adj.  having three axes 三轴的；三维的

tribade /ˈtribəd/ n.  a lesbian 搞同性恋的女子 □ tribadism  n.   [French tribade or Latin tribas from Greek, from tribō ‘rub’]

tribal /ˈtraib(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of a tribe or tribes 部落的；宗族的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a member of a tribal community (chiefly used in the Indian subcontinent) 部落成员(主要在印度次大陆使用) □ tribally  adv.  

tribalism /ˈtraibəliz(ə)m/ n.  1  tribal organization 部落组织，部落制度；宗族制度 2  loyalty to one's own tribe or social group 同族意识；宗族主义 □ tribalist  n.  □ tribalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

tribasic /traiˈbeisik/ adj. Chem. (of an acid) having three replaceable hydrogen atoms 【化】(酸)三元的，三碱的；含有三个原子的

tribe /traib/ n.  1  a group of (esp. primitive) families or communities, linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, and usu. having a common culture and dialect and a recognized leader 部落(尤指原始部落，由社会、经济、宗教或血缘等纽带关系结合在一起的家庭或社区，通常有一个共同的文化和方言及一个公认的首领) 2  any similar natural or political division (自然的)群落；(政治上的)集团；(一)帮；(一)伙 3 Rom. Hist.  each of the political divisions of the Roman people [罗马]【史】(古罗马人按政治地位划定的)部落阶层 4  each of the 12 divisions of the Israelites (古以色列人 12 支族中的任何一个)支族 5 usu. derog. [通常贬]  a set or number of persons esp. of one profession etc. or family 家里人；大家庭(尤指同一行业的人)  the whole tribe of actors  整个演艺界的人士 6 Biol.  a group of organisms usu. ranking between genus and the subfamily 【生】族(生物有机体的分类，通常列在属与亚科之间) 7 (in pl. 用复数)  large numbers 大量 [Middle English, originally in pl. form tribuz, tribus, from Old French or Latin tribus (sing. & pl.)]

tribesman /ˈtraibzmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. tribeswoman, pl. -women)  a member of a tribe or of one's own tribe 部落男子

tribespeople /ˈtraibzpi:p(ə)l/ n. pl.  the members of a tribe 部落成员

triblet /ˈtriblit/ n.  a mandrel used in making tubes, rings, etc. (制造管、环等用的)心轴，心棒 [French triboulet, of unknown origin]

tribo- /ˈtraibəʊ, ˈtribəʊ/ comb. form  rubbing, friction [构词成分]摩擦 [Greek tribos ‘rubbing’]

triboelectricity /ˌtraibəʊilekˈtrisiti, ˌtribəʊ-/ n.  the generation of an electric charge by friction 摩擦电，静电；摩擦生电

tribology /traiˈbɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of friction, wear, lubrication, and the design of bearings; the science of interacting surfaces in relative motion 摩擦学(研究摩擦、磨损、润滑等的一门学科) □ tribologist  n.  

triboluminescence /ˌtraibəʊlu:miˈnes(ə)ns, ˌtri-/ n.  the emission of light from a substance when rubbed, scratched, etc. 摩擦发光 □ triboluminescent  adj.  

tribometer /traiˈbɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring friction in sliding 摩擦计

tribrach /ˈtraibræk, ˈtri-/ n. Prosody  a foot of three short or unstressed syllables 【诗体】含三个短音节的音步，三短节韵 □ tribrachic  /-ˈbrækik/ adj.   [Latin tribrachys from Greek tribrakhus (as TRI-, brakhus ‘short’)]

tribulation /tribjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  great affliction or oppression 苦难；磨难；艰难 2  a cause of this 苦难的缘由  was a real tribulation to me  对我是一次真正的磨难 [Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin tribulatio -onis, from Latin tribulare ‘press, oppress’, via tribulum ‘sledge for threshing’, from terere trit- ‘rub’]

tribunal /traiˈbju:n(ə)l, tri-/ n.  1 Brit.  a board appointed to adjudicate in some matter, esp. one appointed by the government to investigate a matter of public concern [英] (尤指由政府任命的、专门审理公众普遍关心的问题的)审理委员会 2  a court of justice 法庭 3  a seat or bench for a judge or judges 法官席，审判员席 4  a  a place of judgement 审判台b  judicial authority 裁决，公断  the tribunal of public opinion  舆论的公断 [French tribunal or Latin tribunus (as TRIBUNE2)]

tribune1 /ˈtribju:n/ n.  1  a popular leader or demagogue 民众领袖；煽动家 2 Rom. Hist. [罗马]【史】  a (in full 全称 tribune of the people)  an official in ancient Rome chosen by the people to protect their interests (古罗马由平民选出的保护平民自身利益的)保民官b (in full 全称 military tribune)  a Roman legionary officer (古罗马军团的)司令官 □ tribunate  /-nət/ n.  □ tribuneship  n.   [Middle English from Latin tribunus, probably from tribus ‘tribe’]

tribune2 /ˈtribju:n/ n.  1  a  a bishop's throne in a basilica (长方形廊柱大厅中的)主教座b  an apse containing this (有主教座的)半圆形后殿 2  a dais or rostrum 讲台，论坛 3  a raised area with seats (有座位的)台子；廊台 [French from Italian, from medieval Latin tribuna TRIBUNAL]

tributary /ˈtribjʊt(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake (流进大河或湖泊的)支流 2 hist.  a person or state paying or subject to tribute [史义]进贡者；进贡国；属国，附庸国 ●adj.  1 (of a river etc.) that is a tributary (河流等)支流的 2 hist. [史义]  a  paying tribute 进贡的，纳贡的b  serving as tribute 从属的，附庸的 □ tributarily  adv.  □ tributariness  n.   [Middle English from Latin tributarius (as TRIBUTE)]

tribute /ˈtribju:t/ n.  1  a thing said or done or given as a mark of respect or affection etc. (表示敬意或情感等的)礼物；颂词，称赞  paid tribute to their achievements  对他们的成绩表示敬意 floral tributes  花一般的赞美 2 hist. [史义]  a  a payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, esp. as a sign of dependence 贡品，贡金(尤指一国或一国君主给另一国定期送与的钱财，以示从属地位)b  an obligation to pay this 进贡义务  was laid under tribute  被课以贡赋 3 (foll. by 后跟 to)  an indication of (some praiseworthy quality) (对某种值得赞扬的品质的)表示；表现；体现  their success is a tribute to their perseverance  他们的成功是他们坚持不懈地努力的体现 4  a proportion of ore or its equivalent paid to a miner for his work, or to the owner of a mine (付给矿工或矿主一部分产品或其等值作为报酬的)份子；份额分配 [Middle English from Latin tributum, neut. past part. of tribuere tribut- ‘assign’ (originally ‘divide between tribes’) from tribus ‘tribe’]

tricar /ˈtraikɑ:/ n. Brit.  a three-wheeled motor car [英]三轮汽车

trice /trais/ n.   □ in a trice   in a moment; instantly 转眼之间；立即 [Middle English trice ‘pull, haul’ from Middle Dutch trīsen, Middle Low German trīssen, related to Middle Dutch trīse ‘windlass, pulley’]

tricentenary /traisenˈti:nəri, -ˈten-, traiˈsentin-/ n. (pl. -ies)  = TERCENTENARY 

triceps /ˈtraiseps/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a muscle) having three heads or points of attachment (肌肉)三头的 ●n.  any triceps muscle, esp. the large muscle at the back of the upper arm (尤指上臂部的)三头肌 [Latin, = three-headed (as TRI-, -ceps from caput ‘head’)]

triceratops /traiˈserətɒps/ n.  a large quadrupedal plant-eating dinosaur of the late Cretaceous genus Triceratops, with two large horns, a smaller horn on the snout, and a bony frill above the neck 三觭龙(生活于白垩纪晚期的大型四足食草恐龙，长有两只大角，口鼻部还有一只小角，脖子上方有一骨状壳皱) [modern Latin, from Greek trikeratos ‘three-horned’ + ōps ‘face’]

trichiasis /trikiˈeisis, triˈkaiəsis/ n. Med.  ingrowth or introversion of the eyelashes 【医】(眼睫毛的)倒毛；倒睫 [Late Latin from Greek trikhiasis, from trikhiaō ‘be hairy’]

trichina /ˈtrikinə, triˈkainə/ n. (pl. trichinae /-ni:/)  any hairlike parasitic nematode worm of the genus Trichinella, esp. T. spiralis, the adults of which live in the small intestine, and whose larvae become encysted in the muscle tissue of humans and other mammals 旋毛虫(毛发状寄生虫，其成虫寄居于小肠里，其幼虫被包裹在人体和其它哺乳动物的肌肉组织里) □ trichinous  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek trikhinos ‘of hair’: see TRICHO-]

trichinosis /trikiˈnəʊsis/ n.  a disease caused by trichinae, usu. ingested in meat, and characterized by digestive disturbance, fever, and muscular rigidity 旋毛虫病(由旋毛虫引起的病，伴有消化不良、发烧和肌肉僵硬等症状)

trichloroethane /ˌtraiklɔ:rəʊˈi:θein/ n.  any derivative of ethane containing three chlorine atoms, esp. l, l, l-trichloroethane (also called 亦称作 methyl chloroform), a volatile solvent Chem. Formula 化学分子式 : CCl 3CH3 三氯乙烷(一种含有三氯原子的挥发性溶液)

tricho- /ˈtrikəʊ, ˈtraikəʊ/ comb. form  hair [构词成分]毛，发 [Greek thrix trikhos ‘hair’]

trichogenous /triˈkɒdʒinəs/ adj.  causing or promoting the growth of hair 使毛发生长的，毛原的

trichology /triˈkɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the hair 毛发学(研究毛发的结构、功能和疾病的一门学科) □ trichologist  n.  

trichome /ˈtraikəʊm, ˈtri-/ n. Bot.  a hair, scale, prickle, or other outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant 【植】(植物表皮的)毛状体 [Greek trikhōma from trikhoō ‘cover with hair’ (as TRICHO-)]

trichomonad /trikə(ʊ)ˈmɒnæd/ n.  any flagellate protozoan of the order Trichomonadida, parasitic in humans, cattle, and fowls 毛滴虫(原生动物，寄生于人、牛和禽类等身上)

trichomoniasis /trikə(ʊ)məˈnaiəsis/ n.  any of various infections caused by trichomonads parasitic on the urinary tract, vagina, or digestive system (毛)滴虫病(由寄生于尿道、阴道或消化系统中的毛滴虫造成的各种感染病)

trichopathy /triˈkɒpəθi/ n.  the treatment of diseases of the hair 毛发病疗法 □ trichopathic  /trikəˈpæθik/ adj.  

trichotomy /traiˈkɒtəmi, tri-/ n. (pl. -ies)  a division (esp. sharply defined) into three categories, esp. of human nature into body, soul, and spirit 三分法；(尤指把人性分成肉体、灵魂和精神的)人性三分法 □ trichotomic  /-kəˈtɒmik/ adj.   [Greek trikha ‘threefold’ from treis ‘three’, on the pattern of DICHOTOMY]

trichroic /traiˈkrəʊik/ adj. (esp. of a crystal viewed in different directions) showing three colours (尤指水晶体从不同方向看)呈现三色的；三色现象的 □ trichroism  /ˈtraikrəʊiz(ə)m/ n.   [Greek trikhroos (as TRI-, khrōs ‘colour’)]

trichromatic /traikrə(ʊ)ˈmætik/ adj.  1  having or using three colours 三色的；用三色的 2 (of vision) having the normal three colour-sensations, i.e. red, green, and purple (视觉)有正常色觉的，三色视的 □ trichromatism  /-ˈkrəʊmətiz(ə)m/ n.  

Tricia /ˈtriʃə/   特里西娅 [人名]

trick /trik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an action or scheme undertaken to fool, outwit, or deceive (故意愚弄、智胜或欺骗人的)诡计，计谋，花招；欺诈，欺骗 2  an optical or other illusion 假象，幻觉，错觉  a trick of the light  灯光的幻觉 3  a special technique; a knack or special way of doing something 特技；窍门 4  a  a feat of skill or dexterity 技巧，绝技b  an unusual action (e.g. begging) learnt by an animal 戏法，把戏；(动物经过训练学会的)绝技表演 5  a mischievous, foolish, or discreditable act; a practical joke 恶作剧；戏弄  a mean trick to play  玩了一个卑鄙的恶作剧 6  a peculiar or characteristic habit or mannerism 习惯，习气；特色，特点  has a trick of repeating himself  有一个说话老是重复的习惯 7  a  the cards played in a single round of a card game, usu. one from each player (玩纸牌时每人出一张后的)一圈；一墩b  such a round 一圈所打的牌；一墩牌c  a point gained as a result of this 打一圈后所赢的牌 8 (作 attrib.)  done to deceive or mystify or to create an illusion 骗人的；故意制造假象的；特技的；晦涩难懂的  trick photography  特技摄影 trick question  晦涩难懂的问题 9 Naut.  a sailor's turn at the helm, usu. two hours 【海】(舵手的)值班时间(常为两小时) 10 slang [俚语]  a  a prostitute's session with a client 妓女接客b  a prostitute's client 嫖客 ●v. tr.  1  deceive by a trick; outwit 欺骗；愚弄；算计 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out of, or into + verbal noun)  cheat; treat deceitfully so as to deprive 哄骗；欺诈  were tricked into agreeing  被哄骗得同意 were tricked out of their savings  被骗走了积蓄 3 (of a thing) foil or baffle; take by surprise; disappoint the calculations of (指事情)受挫；使落空；使吃惊；使感意外 □ do the trick  colloq.  accomplish one's purpose; achieve the required result [口]达到目的；达到理想的结果□ how's tricks?  colloq.  how are you? [口]你好吗？□ not miss a trick   see 见 MISS1 □ trick of the trade   a special usu. ingenious technique or method of achieving a result in an industry or profession etc. (在某一行业中取得成效的)绝招(或窍门)；做生意的花招，吸引顾客的办法□ trick or treat  esp. N. Amer.  a children's custom of calling at houses at Hallowe'en with the threat of pranks if they are not given a small gift [尤北美]不招待就捣蛋(指万圣节时孩子们挨家逐户要小礼物，如不遂愿便恶作剧一番的习俗)□ trick out (or up)   dress, decorate, or deck out esp. showily (尤指为了炫耀而)打扮；装饰；修饰□ turn a trick  slang (of a prostitute) have a session with a client [俚语] (指妓女)接客□ up to one's tricks  colloq.  misbehaving [口]调皮捣蛋，耍花招□ up to a person's tricks   aware of what a person is likely to do by way of mischief 识破某人的花招□ tricker  n.  □ trickish  adj.   [Middle English from Old French dialect trique, Old French triche, from trichier ‘deceive’, of unknown origin]

trick cyclist n.  1  a cyclist who performs tricks, esp. in a circus (尤指马戏团里的)特技自行车手 2 Brit. slang  a psychiatrist [英] [俚语]精神病医生

trickery /ˈtrik(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the practice or an instance of deception 欺骗，哄骗；诡计；圈套 2  the use of tricks 耍花招

trickle /ˈtrik(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  flow or cause to flow in drops or a small stream 滴，淌；小量流动；使流动  water trickled through the crack  水从缝隙里一点一滴地流出 2 tr.  come or go slowly or gradually 慢慢移动；渐渐消散  information trickles out  消息传开了 ●n.  a trickling flow 绢滴，细流 [Middle English trekel, trikle, probably imitative]

trickle charger n.  an electrical charger for batteries that works at a steady slow rate from the mains 点滴式充电器，连续补充充电器

trickster /ˈtrikstə/ n.  a deceiver or rogue 骗子；无赖，恶棍；捣蛋鬼，爱搞恶作剧的小精灵

tricksy /ˈtriksi/ adj. (tricksier, tricksiest)  full of tricks; playful 诡计多端的；淘气的；恶作剧的；爱捣蛋的 □ tricksily  adv.  □ tricksiness  n.  

tricky /ˈtriki/ adj. (trickier, trickiest)  1  difficult or intricate; requiring care and adroitness 难以捉摸的；微妙的；需慎重对待的，难对付的  a tricky job  一项难对付的工作 2  crafty or deceitful 诡计多端的；狡猾的；欺骗的 3  resourceful or adroit 足智多谋的；机敏的 □ trickily  adv.  □ trickiness  n.  

triclinic /traiˈklinik/ adj.  1 (of a mineral) having three unequal oblique axes (矿物)三斜的 2  denoting the system classifying triclinic crystalline substances (晶体物质)三斜晶系的 [Greek TRI- + klinō ‘to incline’]

triclinium /traiˈkliniəm, tri-, -ˈklain-/ n. (pl. triclinia /-niə/) Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  1  a dining table with couches along three sides 三面有躺椅的餐桌 2  a room containing this 设置了三面有躺椅餐桌的餐厅 [Latin from Greek triklinion (as TRI-, klinē ‘couch’)]

tricolour /ˈtrikələ, ˈtraikʌlə/ n. & adj. (US [美] tricolor) ●n.  a flag of three colours, esp. the French national flag of blue, white, and red 三色旗(尤指蓝、白、红三色相间的法国国旗) ●adj. (also 亦作 tricoloured)  having three colours 三色的；有三色的 [French tricolore from Late Latin tricolor (as TRI-, COLOUR)]

tricorne /ˈtraikɔ:n/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 tricorn) ●adj.  1  having three horns 有三只角的 2 (of a hat) having a brim turned up on three sides (指帽子)三面边向上翻的 ●n.  1  an imaginary animal with three horns (假想中的)三角兽 2  a tricorne hat 三角帽 [French tricorne or Latin tricornis (as TRI-, cornu ‘horn’)]

tricot /ˈtrikəʊ, ˈtri:-/ n.  1  a  a hand-knitted woollen fabric 手工编针织物b  an imitation of this 仿制的手工编针织物 2  a ribbed woollen cloth 罗纹织物 [French, = knitting, from tricoter ‘knit’, of unknown origin]

tricrotic /traiˈkrɒtik/ adj. (of the pulse) having a triple beat (指脉搏)三重搏的，三波脉的 [TRI-, on the pattern of DICROTIC]

tricuspid /traiˈkʌspid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a tooth with three cusps or points 三尖牙 2  a heart-valve formed of three triangular segments (心脏的)三尖瓣 ●adj. (of a tooth) having three cusps or points (指牙齿)三尖的

tricycle /ˈtraisik(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vehicle having three wheels, two on an axle at the back and one at the front, driven by pedals in the same way as a bicycle 三轮脚踏车 2  a three-wheeled motor vehicle for a disabled driver (残疾人用的)三轮摩托车 ●v. intr.  ride on a tricycle 骑三轮脚踏车；驾三轮摩托车 □ tricyclist  n.  

tricyclic /traiˈsaiklik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having three rings or circles 有三个轮的；有三个环的 ●n. Pharm.  any of a number of antidepressant drugs having molecules with three fused rings 【药】三环抗抑郁药

tridactyl /traiˈdæktil/ adj. (also 亦作 tridactylous /-ˈdæktiləs/)  having three fingers or toes 三指的；三趾的

trident /ˈtraid(ə)nt/ n.  1  a three-pronged spear, esp. as an attribute of Poseidon (Neptune) or Britannia (尤指海神波塞冬的)三叉戟 2 (作 Trident)  a US type of submarine-launched long-range ballistic missile (美国的一种由潜水艇长距离发射的)三叉戟弹道导弹 [Latin tridens trident- (as TRI-, dens ‘tooth’)]

tridentate /traiˈdenteit/ adj.  having three teeth or prongs 具三齿的；具三尖的 [TRI- + Latin dentatus ‘toothed’]

Tridentine /triˈdentain, trai-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Council of Trent, held at Trento in Italy 1545 － 63, esp. as the basis of Roman Catholic doctrine 特伦托主教会议的(特伦托系意大利一城市名， 1545 年至 1563 年举行的特伦托主教会议规定了罗马天主教的基本教义) ●n.  a Roman Catholic adhering to this traditional doctrine (坚持这一正统教义的)天主教教徒 [medieval Latin Tridentinus from Tridentum ‘Trent’]

Tridentine mass n.  the Latin Eucharistic liturgy used by the Roman Catholic Church from 1570 to 1964 (1570 年至 1964 年罗马天主教所实行的)拉丁式圣餐仪式

triduum /ˈtridjʊəm, ˈtrai-/ n. RC Ch. esp. hist.  a period of three days' prayer in preparation for a saint's day or other religious occasion 【天主教】[尤史义] (天主教教会为预备守圣徒节日或其他宗教活动而举行的)三日祈祷 [Latin (as TRI-, dies ‘day’)]

tridymite /ˈtridimait/ n.  a crystallized form of silica, occurring in cavities of volcanic rocks 鳞石英(晶体状的硅石，出现在火山岩的喷口处) [German Tridymit from Greek tridumos ‘threefold’ (as TRI-, didumos ‘twin’), from its occurrence in groups of three crystals]

tried past and past part.  of TRY 

triennial /traiˈeniəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  lasting three years 持续三年的 2  recurring every three years 每三年的，三年一次的 ●n.  a visitation of an Anglican diocese by its bishop every three years (英国国教主教对其教区的)每三年一次的巡视 □ triennially  adv.   [Late Latin triennis (as TRI-, Latin annus ‘year’)]

triennium /traiˈeniəm/ n. (pl. trienniums or triennia /-niə/)  a period of three years 三年，三年时间 [Latin (as TRIENNIAL)]

trier /ˈtraiə/ n.  1  a person who perseveres 坚持不懈的人；辛勤工作者  is a real trier  是一个真正辛勤工作的人 2  a tester, esp. of foodstuffs (尤指食品的)检验员 3 Brit.  a person appointed to decide whether a challenge to a juror is well-founded [英] (裁决陪审员应否回避的)审判员

trifacial nerve /traiˈfeiʃ(ə)l/ n.  = TRIGEMINAL NERVE 

trifecta /traiˈfektə/ n. N. Amer., Austral. & NZ  a form of betting in which the first three places in a race must be predicted in the correct order [北美澳新]三连胜式(赛马赌博形式，押赌注者选定前三名并排定顺序，结果符合者为赢家) [TRI- + PERFECTA]

trifid /ˈtraifid/ adj. esp. Biol.  partly or wholly split into three divisions or lobes (尤)【生】(部分或全部裂成三片的)巨型三裂植物 [Latin trifidus (as TRI-, findere fid- ‘to split’)]

trifle /ˈtraif(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a thing of slight value or importance 琐事，小事；没什么价值的东西 2  a  a small amount esp. of money 少量，少许(尤指少量的钱)  was sold for a trifle  卖了一点点钱b (prec. by 前接 a)  somewhat 有点儿  seems a trifle annoyed  好像有点儿气恼 3 Brit.  a dessert of sponge cake (esp. flavoured with sherry) with custard, jelly, fruit, cream, etc. [英] (尤指浸了雪利酒、上面敷有蛋奶沙司、果冻、水果、奶油等的)海绵状蛋糕甜点，屈莱弗甜点 ●v.  1 intr.  talk or act frivolously 开玩笑；嘲弄 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  a  treat or deal with frivolously or derisively; flirt heartlessly with 翻弄；戏弄；玩弄b  refuse to take seriously 轻视，小看 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  waste (time, energies, money, etc.) frivolously 浪费(时间、精力、金钱等)；虚度光阴 □ trifler  n.   [Middle English from Old French truf(f)le, by-form of trufe ‘deceit’, of unknown origin]

trifling /ˈtraifliŋ/ adj.  1  unimportant, petty 不重要的，无足轻重的 2  frivolous 轻浮的，轻佻的 □ triflingly  adv.  

trifocal /traiˈfəʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having three focuses, esp. of a lens with different focal lengths 三焦距的(尤指镜片有三焦距的) ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  trifocal spectacles 三焦距眼镜

trifoliate /traiˈfəʊliət/ adj.  1 (of a compound leaf) having three leaflets (指复叶)具三小叶的 2 (of a plant) having such leaves (指植物)具三小叶的

triforium /traiˈfɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. triforia /-riə/)  a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church (教堂拱门上方的)楼廊，拱廊 [Anglo-Latin, of unknown origin]

triform /ˈtraifɔ:m/ adj. (also 亦作 triformed)  1  formed of three parts 由三部分构成的 2  having three forms or bodies 有三种不同形式的

trifurcate v. & adj. ●v. tr. & intr. /ˈtraifəkeit/  divide into three branches 使分成三枝(或三部分) ●adj. /-ˈfɜ:kət/  divided into three branches 分成三枝(或三部分)的

trig1 /triɡ/ n. colloq.  trigonometry [口]三角学 [abbreviation]

trig2 /triɡ/ adj. & v. archaic or dial. [古义] [方] ●adj.  trim or spruce 修剪得整齐的；整洁漂亮的 ●v. tr. (trigged, trigging)  make trim; smarten 使整洁；使漂亮 [Middle English, = trusty, from Old Norse tryggr, related to TRUE]

trigamous /ˈtriɡəməs/ adj.  1  a  three times married 结过三次婚的b  having three wives or husbands at once 一夫三妻的；一妻三夫的 2 Bot.  having male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers in the same head 【植】具(雄性、雌性、雌雄同体)三种花的 □ trigamist  n.  □ trigamy  n.   [Greek trigamos (as TRI-, gamos ‘marriage’)]

trigeminal nerve /traiˈdʒemin(ə)l/ n. Anat.  the largest pair of cranial nerves, dividing into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves 【解】三叉神经(最大的一对颅神经，分眼神经、上颌骨神经和下颌骨神经) [as TRIGEMINUS]

trigeminal neuralgia n.  neuralgia involving one or more of the branches of the trigeminal nerves, and often causing severe pain 三叉神经痛(常造成剧痛)

trigeminus /traiˈdʒeminəs/ n. (pl. trigemini /-nai/) Anat.  the trigeminal nerve 【解】三叉神经 [Latin, = born as a triplet (as TRI-, geminus ‘born at the same birth’)]

trigger /ˈtriɡə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a movable device for releasing a spring or catch and so setting off a mechanism (esp. that of a gun) (尤指枪的)扳机；起动装置；扳柄 2  an event, occurrence, etc., that sets off a chain reaction 引起一连串反应的事件(或行动) ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 off)  set (an action or process) in motion; initiate, precipitate 使(行为或过程)发起，发动；启动；促使 2  fire (a gun) by the use of a trigger 扣(扳机)开枪 □ quick on the trigger   quick to respond 反应快的□ triggered  adj.   [17th-c. tricker from Dutch trekker, from trekken ‘pull’]

triggerfish /ˈtriɡəfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any usu. tropical marine fish of the family Balistidae with a first dorsal fin-spine which can be depressed by pressing on the second 鳞鲀(热带海鱼)

trigger-happy adj.  apt to shoot without or with slight provocation 爱乱开枪的；爱斗的，好武的

triglyceride /traiˈɡlisəraid/ n. Chem.  any ester formed from glycerol and three acid radicals, including the main constituents of fats and oils 【化】甘油三酸酯(包括脂肪和甘油的主要成分)

triglyph /ˈtraiɡlif/ n. Archit.  each of a series of tablets with three vertical grooves, alternating with metopes in a Doric frieze 【建】(用于装饰平面的)三联浅槽饰 □ triglyphic  /-ˈɡlifik/ adj.  □ triglyphical  /-ˈɡlifik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin triglyphus from Greek trigluphos (as TRI-, gluphē ‘carving’)]

trigon /ˈtraiɡɒn/ n.  1  a triangle 三角形 2  an ancient triangular lyre or harp (古代的一种)三角竖琴 3  the cutting region of an upper molar tooth (上磨牙的)咬嚼区 [Latin trigonum from Greek trigōnon, neuter of trigōnos ‘three-cornered’ (as TRI-, -GON)]

trigonal /ˈtriɡ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  triangular; of or relating to a triangle 三角的；三角形的 2 Biol.  triangular in cross-section 【生】三棱的，具凸面三棱的 3 (of a crystal etc.) having an axis with threefold symmetry (晶体等)三方晶系的 □ trigonally  adv.   [medieval Latin trigonalis (as TRIGON)]

trigonometry /triɡəˈnɒmitri/ n.  the branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles 三角学(数学的一个分支，处理三角形边与角的关系以及角的相关功能) □ trigonometric  /-nəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ trigonometrical  /-nəˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.   [modern Latin trigonometria (as TRIGON, -METRY)]

trig point n. Surveying 【测量学】  = TRIANGULATION POINT  [abbreviation of trigonometrical point]

trigraph /ˈtraiɡrɑ:f/ n. (also 亦作 trigram /-ɡræm/)  1  a group of three letters representing one sound 三字母一音 2  a figure of three lines 三线图形

trigynous /ˈtridʒinəs/ adj. Bot.  having three pistils 【植】具三花柱的，具三雌蕊的

trihedral /traiˈhi:dr(ə)l, -ˈhedr(ə)l/ adj.  having three surfaces 三面的；三面形的

trihedron /traiˈhi:drən, -ˈhedrən/ n. (pl. trihedra /-drə/ or trihedrons)  a figure of three intersecting planes 三面体

trihydric /traiˈhaidrik/ adj. Chem.  containing three hydroxyl groups 【化】三羟基的 [TRI- + HYDROGEN + -IC]

trike /traik/ n. & v. intr. colloq.  a tricycle [口]三轮车 [abbreviation]

trilabiate /traiˈleibiət/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  three-lipped 【植】【动】三唇的

trilateral /traiˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, on, or with three sides 三边的；有三条边的 2  shared by or involving three parties, countries, etc. 三方的，三方之间的；三国之间的  trilateral negotiations  三方谈判 ●n.  a figure having three sides 三边形，三角形

trilby /ˈtrilbi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit.  a soft felt hat with a narrow brim and indented crown [英] (窄边、凹顶的)软毡帽 □ trilbied  adj.   [name of the heroine in G. du Maurier's novel Trilby (1894), in the stage version of which such a hat was worn]

trilinear /traiˈliniə/ adj.  of or having three lines 三线的；包含三条线的

trilingual /traiˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to speak three languages, esp. fluently 能讲三种语言的，通晓三种语言的 2  spoken or written in three languages 用三种语言表达(或写成)的 □ trilingualism  n.  

triliteral /traiˈlit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of three letters 三字母的 2 (of a Semitic language) having (most) roots with three consonants (闪米特语)有三辅音词根的；有三辅音字母的

trilith /ˈtrailiθ/ n. (also 亦作 trilithon /-liθ(ə)n/)  a megalithic structure consisting of three stones, esp. of two uprights and a lintel (尤指两巨石作柱、一巨石作梁的)巨石牌坊 □ trilithic  /-ˈliθik/ adj.   [Greek trilithon (as TRI-, lithos ‘stone’)]

trill /tril/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a quavering or vibratory sound, esp. a rapid alternation of sung or played notes (尤指唱歌或演奏音符时快速发出的)震音，颤音 2  a bird's warbling sound (鸟的)啭鸣 3  the pronunciation of r with a vibration of the tongue (舌头发 r 音时的)颤音，颤动辅音 ●v.  1 intr.  produce a trill 发出颤音 2 tr.  warble (a song) or pronounce (r etc.) with a trill 用颤音发声(或唱歌) [Italian trillo (n.), trillare (v.)]

trillion /ˈtriljən/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or (in sense 3 用于释义 3) trillions)  1  a million million (1,000,000,000,000 or 1012)  万亿，兆 2 (formerly, esp. Brit. [旧指] [尤英])  a million million million (1,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 1018) 百万兆 3 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  a very large number [口]大量，无数  trillions of times  无数次 □ trillionth  adj. & n.   [French trillion or Italian trilione (as TRI-, MILLION), on the pattern of billion]■Usage 用法说明 Senses 1-2 correspond to the change in sense of billion. 释义 1 和 2 与 billion 释义的变化相一致。 

trillium /ˈtriliəm/ n.  a plant of the N. American and Asian genus Trillium, with a solitary three-petalled flower above a whorl of three leaves 延龄草(产于北美和亚洲的草本植物，在三片叶子的上方，开有三瓣状花) [modern Latin, apparently from Swedish trilling ‘triplet’]

trilobite /ˈtrailə(ʊ)bait, ˈtri-/ n.  any fossil marine arthropod of the subphylum Trilobita of Palaeozoic times, characterized by a three-lobed body 三叶虫(生活于古生代时期海洋中的节肢动物的化石，因体呈三叶形而得名) [modern Latin Trilobites (as TRI-, Greek lobos ‘lobe’)]

trilogy /ˈtrilədʒi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a group of three related literary or operatic works (文学作品或歌剧作品的)三部曲 2 Gk Antiq.  a set of three tragedies performed as a group [古希腊] (悲剧的)三部曲，三联剧 [Greek trilogia (as TRI-, -LOGY)]

trim /trim/ v., n. & adj. ●v. (trimmed, trimming)  1 tr.  make neat or of the required size or form, esp. by cutting away irregular or unwanted parts (尤指通过剪掉不规则或不想要的部分而)使整齐；使整洁 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  remove by cutting off (such parts) 剪掉，修剪；修理，整修 3 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make (a person) neat in dress and appearance (在穿着和外表上)使(人)整洁b  ornament or decorate (esp. clothing, a hat, etc.) by adding ribbons, lace, etc. (尤指通过添加饰带、链子等)装饰，点缀(衣服、帽子等) 4 tr.  adjust the balance of (a ship or aircraft) by the arrangement of its cargo etc. (调整所载货物)使(轮船或飞机)平稳 5 tr.  arrange (sails) to suit the wind 调整(船帆)以适应风向 6 intr.  a  associate oneself with currently prevailing views, esp. to advance oneself (尤指为了与目前流行的观点一致而)修改，改变(自己的观点或意见)b  hold a middle course in politics or opinion (在政治观点上)持中立态度，走中间路线 7 tr. colloq. [口]  a  rebuke sharply 训斥，大骂b  thrash 击败；重创c  get the better of in a bargain etc. 赢，取胜；占上风 ●n.  1  the state or degree of readiness or fitness 整齐；整洁；次序井然  found everything in perfect trim  发现一切次序井然 2  ornament or decorative material 装饰物；点缀物 3  dress or equipment 衣着，服装；设备 4  the act of trimming a person's hair (对头发的)修理；修剪 5  the inclination of an aircraft to the horizontal (飞机的)平衡 ●adj. (trimmer, trimmest)  1  neat or spruce 整齐的；整洁的 2  in good order; well arranged or equipped 次序井然的；装备齐全的；情况良好的 □ in trim   1  looking smart, healthy, etc. 看上去不错的；身体健康的 2 Naut.  in good order 【海】平静；平整□ trimly  adv.  □ trimness  n.   [perhaps from Old English trymman, trymian ‘make firm, arrange’: but there is no connecting evidence between Old English and 1500]

trimaran /ˈtraiməræn/ n.  a vessel like a catamaran, with three hulls side by side 三体(帆)船 [TRI- + CATAMARAN]

trimer /ˈtraimə/ n. Chem.  a polymer comprising three monomer units 【化】三聚体；三聚体化合物 □ trimeric  /-ˈmerik/ adj.   [TRI- + -MER]

trimerous /ˈtrim(ə)rəs, ˈtrai-/ adj.  having three parts 有三部分的

trimester /traiˈmestə/ n.  a period of three months, esp. of human gestation or N. Amer. as a university term (尤指人怀孕)三个月时间； ([北美]大学一学年分为三学期制中的)一学期 □ trimestral  adj.  □ trimestrial  adj.   [French trimestre from Latin trimestris (as TRI-, -mestris from mensis ‘month’)]

trimeter /ˈtrimitə, ˈtrai-/ n. Prosody  a verse of three measures 【诗体】三音格，三音步 □ trimetric  /traiˈmetrik/ adj.  □ trimetrical  /traiˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin trimetrus from Greek trimetros (as TRI-, metron ‘measure’)]

trimmer /ˈtrimə/ n.  1  a person who trims articles of dress 整修者；修剪者；装饰者 2  a person who trims in politics etc.; a time-server (政治等方面的)见风使舵者，趋炎附势者 3  an instrument for clipping etc. 修剪器；剪切工具 4 Archit.  a short piece of timber across an opening (e.g. for a hearth) to carry the ends of truncated joists 【建】托梁，承接梁 5  a small capacitor etc. used to tune a radio set (用来调谐收音机的)微调电容器 6 Austral. colloq.  a striking or outstanding person or thing [澳口]出众的人(或事)

trimming /ˈtrimiŋ/ n.  1  ornamentation or decoration, esp. for clothing (尤指衣服的)装饰，点缀 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  the usual accompaniments, esp. of the main course of a meal [口] (尤指主菜的)花色配菜 3 (in pl. 用复数)  pieces cut off in trimming 修剪下来的东西，剪屑

trimorphism /traiˈmɔ:fiz(ə)m/ n. Bot., Zool. & Crystallog.  existence in three distinct forms 【植】【动】【晶】三形性；三态(现象)；三晶性 □ trimorphic  adj.  □ trimorphous  adj.  

trine /train/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  threefold, triple; made up of three parts 三倍的，三重的；三部分组成的 2 Astrol.  denoting the aspect of two heavenly bodies 120° (one-third of the zodiac) apart 【占】三分一对座的(指两个天体呈 120° 角) ●n. Astrol.  a trine aspect 【占】三分一对座 □ trinal  adj.   [Middle English via Old French trin trine from Latin trinus ‘threefold’, from tres ‘three’]

Trinidad and Tobago   特立尼达和多巴哥

Trinidadian /triniˈdædiən, -ˈdeidiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Trinidad, an island in the W. Indies 特立尼达人(特立尼达系西印度群岛中一岛屿) ●adj.  of or relating to Trinidad or its people 特立尼达的；特立尼达人的

Trinitarian /triniˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity (基督教)三位一体论信奉者 ●adj.  of or relating to this belief 三位一体论的 □ Trinitarianism  n.  

trinitrotoluene /traiˌnaitrəʊˈtɒljʊi:n/ n. (also 亦作 trinitrotoluol /-ˈtɒljʊɒl/)  = TNT 

trinity /ˈtriniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being three 三；三倍 2  a group of three 三个一组，三合一 3 (作 the Trinity or the Holy Trinity) Theol.  the three persons of the Christian Godhead (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) 【神】(基督教)三位一体(即圣父、圣子、圣灵合成一神) [Middle English via Old French trinité from Latin trinitas -tatis ‘triad’ (as TRINE)]

Trinity Brethren n. pl.  the members of Trinity House 领港协会会员

Trinity House n. Brit.  an association concerned with the licensing of pilots, the erection and maintenance of buoys, lighthouses, etc. on the coasts of England and Wales [英]领港协会(主管英格兰和威尔士沿海浮标、灯塔及领航工作的一个机构)

Trinity Sunday n.  the next Sunday after Whit Sunday 三一节(紧接着圣灵降临节后的星期日)

Trinity term n. Brit.  the university and law term beginning after Easter [英] (复活节后开始的大学里的)学期；夏季学期；(复活节后开始的英国法院的)第四开庭期

trinket /ˈtriŋkit/ n.  a trifling ornament, jewel, etc., esp. one worn on the person (尤指佩戴在人身上的)小装饰物；廉价首饰 □ trinketry  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

trinomial /traiˈnəʊmiəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  consisting of three terms 包含三个名称的，三名法的 ●n.  a scientific name or algebraic expression of three terms (代数)三项式的 [TRI-, on the pattern of BINOMIAL]

trio /ˈtri:əʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a set or group of three 三个(或三人)一组；三件一套 2 Mus. 【音】  a  a composition for three performers 三重奏曲b  a group of three performers 三重奏小组c  the central, usu. contrastive, section of a minuet, scherzo, or march (小步舞曲、诙谐曲或进行曲的)中段，三声中部 3 (in piquet) three aces, kings, queens, or jacks in one hand (皮克牌戏中同在一人手中的)三张 A (或 K 、 Q 、 J) [French & Italian from Latin tres ‘three’, on the pattern of duo]

triode /ˈtraiəʊd/ n.  1  a thermionic valve having three electrodes 三极管 2  a semiconductor rectifier having three connections 三接头半导体整流器 [TRI- + ELECTRODE]

triolet /ˈtri:ə(ʊ)let, ˈtraiəlet/ n.  a poem of eight (usu. eight-syllabled) lines rhyming abaaabab, the first line recurring as the fourth and seventh and the second as the eighth 八行两韵诗(通常八个音节，第一行与第四、七行同韵，第二行与第八行同韵) [French (as TRIO)]

trioxide /traiˈɒksaid/ n. Chem.  an oxide containing three oxygen atoms 【化】三氧化物

trip /trip/ v. & n. ●v. intr. & tr. (tripped, tripping)  1 intr.  a  walk or dance with quick light steps (以轻快的步子)走；跳；轻盈地跳舞b (of a rhythm etc.) run lightly (指节奏等)轻快 2  a intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  stumble or cause to stumble, esp. by catching or entangling the feet (尤指勾脚等)绊倒；使绊倒b intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  make or cause to make a slip or blunder 失误，犯错误；使失误，使犯错误 3 tr.  detect (a person) in a blunder 找(某人)的错；挑(某人)的错 4 intr.  make an excursion to a place 旅行，出行 5 tr.  release (part of a machine) suddenly by knocking aside a catch etc. (猛然打开锁钩而)松开(机器的某一部件)；使脱扣 6 tr.  a  release and raise (an anchor) from the bottom by means of a cable 起(锚)b  turn (a yard etc.) from a horizontal to a vertical position for lowering 竖直(帆桁等) 7 intr. colloq.  have a drug-induced experience, esp. from taking LSD [口]服用毒品引起幻觉(尤指服用 LSD 毒品后) ●n.  1  a journey or excursion, esp. for pleasure (尤指为了享受而进行的)旅行，旅游，出行 2  a  a stumble or blunder 失足；失误，错误b  the act of tripping or the state of being tripped up 绊，绊倒 3  a nimble step 轻捷的步子 4 colloq.  a drug-induced experience, esp. from taking LSD [口] (尤指服用 LSD 毒品后所产生的)幻觉 5  a contrivance for a tripping mechanism etc. (机器脱扣或接合等的)装置 □ trip the light fantastic  joc.  dance [诙]跳舞 [Middle English via Old French triper, tripper from Middle Dutch trippen ‘to skip, hop’]

tripartite /traiˈpɑ:tait/ adj.  1  consisting of three parts 由三部分组成的 2  shared by or involving three parties 三方的；三方参与的 3 Bot. (of a leaf) divided into three segments almost to the base 【植】(指叶子)三深裂的 □ tripartitely  adv.  □ tripartition  /-ˈtiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin tripartitus (as TRI-, partitus past part. of partiri ‘divide’)]

tripe /traip/ n.  1  the first or second stomach of a ruminant, esp. an ox, as food 肚子(尤指牛等动物的可供食用的胃) 2 colloq.  nonsense, rubbish [口]废话；废物  don't talk such tripe  不要说这样的废话 [Middle English from Old French, of unknown origin]

trip-hammer n.  a large tilt-hammer operated by tripping 杵锤，撞锤

triphibious /traiˈfibiəs/ adj. (of military operations) on land, on sea, and in the air (军事行动)陆海空三栖的，陆海空协同作战的 [formed irregularly from TRI-, on the pattern of amphibious]

triphthong /ˈtrifθɒŋ/ n.  1  a union of three vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one syllable (as in fire) 三合元音(如在 fire 中) 2  three vowel characters representing the sound of a single vowel (as in beau) 三元音字母一音(如在 beau 中) □ triphthongal  /-ˈθɒŋɡ(ə)l/ adj.   [French triphtongue (as TRI-, DIPHTHONG)]

triplane /ˈtraiplein/ n.  an early type of aeroplane having three sets of wings, one above the other (早期的)三翼飞机

triple /ˈtrip(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  consisting of three usu. equal parts or things; threefold 三部分的；三重的 2  involving three parties 三方的 3  three times as much or many 三倍的  triple the amount  三倍于那一数量 triple thickness  三倍的厚度 ●n.  1  a threefold number or amount 三倍数；三倍量 2  a set of three 三个一组 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a peal of changes on seven bells (一组七架钟的)以三种形式变换敲法的钟声 ●v. tr. & intr.  multiply by three; increase threefold 乘以三；增长至三倍 □ triply  adv.   [Old French triple or Latin triplus from Greek triplous]

triple acrostic n.  an acrostic using the first, middle, and last letters (由第一个、中间一个和最后一个字母组合的)三字母缩拼词

triple crown n.  1 RC Ch.  the Pope's tiara 【天主教】三重冕(罗马教皇的皇冠) 2  the act of winning all three of a group of important events in horse racing, rugby, etc. (赛马、橄榄球等运动中的)三连冠

triple jump n.  an athletic exercise or contest comprising a hop, a step, and a jump 三级跳远(包含单脚起跳、跨步跳和双脚起跳的田径运动或比赛)

triple play n. Baseball  the act of putting out three players (two runners and the batter) from one batted ball 【棒球】三重杀(球击出后，三名运动员同时出击，包括两名跑手和击球员)

triple point n. Physics  the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapour phases of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium 【物理学】三相点，三态点(一纯净物质的固、液、气三态能平等共处的温度和压力)

triple rhyme n.  a rhyme including three syllables 三音节押韵

triplet /ˈtriplit/ n.  1  each of three children or animals born at one birth (婴儿或动物出生时的)三胞胎之一 2  a set of three things, esp. of equal notes played in the time of two or of verses rhyming together 三连音符；(尤指同押一韵长短相等的)三行联句 [TRIPLE + -ET1, on the pattern of doublet]

triple time n.  musical time with three beats to the bar; waltz time (音乐的)三拍子；三拍子节奏；华尔兹节奏

triplex /ˈtripleks/ adj. & n. ●adj.  triple or threefold 三倍的；三重的 ●n. (作 Triplex) Brit. propr.  toughened or laminated safety glass for car windows etc. [英] [商标] (镶在汽车门窗等上面的)三层玻璃，夹层玻璃 [Latin triplex -plicis (as TRI-, plic- ‘fold’)]

triplicate adj., n. & v. ●adj. /ˈtriplikət/  1  existing in three examples or copies 一式三份的，三联的 2  having three corresponding parts 有三个相同部分的 3  tripled 三倍的；三重的 ●n. /ˈtriplikət/  each of a set of three copies or corresponding parts 一式三份(中的一份)；三个相同物之一 ●v. tr. /ˈtriplikeit/  1  make in three copies 把…制成一式三份 2  multiply by three 乘以三 □ in triplicate   consisting of three exact copies 一式三份□ triplication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Middle English from Latin triplicatus, past part. of triplicare (as TRIPLEX)]

triplicity /triˈplisiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being triple 三倍；三重(性) 2  a group of three things 三个一组；三件一套；三位一体 3 Astrol.  a set of three zodiacal signs 【占】三宫的一组 [Middle English via Late Latin triplicitas from Latin TRIPLEX]

triploid /ˈtriplɔid/ n. & adj. Biol. 【生】  ●n.  an organism or cell having three times the haploid set of chromosomes (染色体的)三倍体 ●adj.  of or being a triploid 三倍体的 [modern Latin triploides from Greek (as TRIPLE)]

triploidy /ˈtriplɔidi/ n.  the condition of being triploid 三倍体

tripmeter /ˈtripmi:tə/ n.  a vehicle instrument that can be set to record the distance of individual journeys (汽车上记录每一次跑行距离的)里程表

tripod /ˈtraipɒd/ n.  1  a three-legged stand for supporting a camera etc. (照相机等的)三脚架 2  a stool, table, or utensil resting on three feet or legs 三脚凳；三脚桌；三脚用具 3 Gk Antiq.  a bronze altar at Delphi on which a priestess sat to utter oracles [古希腊] (特尔斐神殿的)青铜三脚祭坛 □ tripodal  /ˈtripəd(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin tripus tripodis from Greek tripous (as TRI-, pous podos ‘foot’)]

tripoli /ˈtripəli/ n.  = ROTTEN-STONE  [French, from Tripoli either of two cities, one in Libya, one in Lebanon]

tripos /ˈtraipɒs/ n. (at Cambridge University) the honours examination for the BA degree (剑桥大学)文学士荣誉学位考试 [as TRIPOD, with reference to the stool on which graduates sat to deliver a satirical speech at the degree ceremony]

tripper /ˈtripə/ n.  1 Brit.  a person who goes on a pleasure trip or excursion [英]旅游者，远足者 2 colloq.  a person experiencing hallucinatory effects of a drug [口]因吸毒而沉湎于幻觉中的人

trippy /ˈtripi/ adj. (trippier, trippiest) colloq. (of music, poetry, etc.) producing an effect resembling that of a psychedelic drug [口]引起幻觉的(此种幻觉是由音乐、诗歌等所引起的，类似于吸毒)

triptych /ˈtriptik/ n.  1  a  a picture or relief carving on three panels, usu. hinged vertically together and often used as an altarpiece (刻在三块画板上，用铰链联结，通常用作圣坛背壁装饰的)图画或浮雕b  a set of three associated pictures placed in this way 三幅相联图画 2  a set of three writing-tablets hinged or tied together (连在一起的)三折写字板 3  a set of three artistic works 三件相连的艺术作品 [TRI-, on the pattern of DIPTYCH]

triptyque /tripˈti:k/ n.  a customs permit serving as a passport for a motor vehicle (汽车的)临时入境证 [French, as TRIPTYCH (originally having three sections)]

tripwire /ˈtripwaiə/ n.  a wire stretched close to the ground, operating an alarm etc. when disturbed 地雷拉线；警报拉线(紧贴地面拉开的一条线，一触便会发出警报)

triquetra /traiˈkwetrə, -ˈkwi:trə/ n. (pl. triquetrae /-tri:/)  a symmetrical ornament of three interlaced arcs (由三根相互交错的弧线形成的)三角形图案装饰 [Latin, fem. of triquetrus ‘three-cornered’]

trireme /ˈtrairi:m/ n.  a galley with three banks of oars 三列桨船 [French trirème or Latin triremis (as TRI-, remus ‘oar’)]

trisaccharide /traiˈsækəraid/ n. Chem.  a sugar consisting of three linked monosaccharides 【化】三糖(由三个相连的单糖所构成)

Trisagion /triˈsæɡiən, -ˈseiɡiən/ n.  a hymn, esp. in the Orthodox Church, with a triple invocation of God as holy (东正教)三圣颂(三唱圣哉上帝的赞美诗) [Middle English from Greek, neut. of trisagios, from tris ‘thrice’ + hagios ‘holy’]

trisect /traiˈsekt/ v. tr.  cut or divide into three (usu. equal) parts 把…分成(通常相等的)三份 □ trisection  n.  □ trisector  n.   [TRI- + Latin secare sect- ‘to cut’]

trishaw /ˈtraiʃɔ:/ n.  a light three-wheeled pedalled vehicle used in the Far East (在远东地区用的)脚踏三轮车 [TRI- + RICKSHAW]

triskaidekaphobia /ˌtriskaidekəˈfəʊbiə/ n.  fear of the number thirteen 恐数字 13 症 [from Greek treiskaideka ‘thirteen’ + -PHOBIA]

triskelion /triˈskeliən/ n.  a symbolic figure of three legs or lines from a common centre (从中心点辐射的)三曲腿图；三曲枝图 [Greek TRI- + skelos ‘leg’]

trismus /ˈtrizməs/ n. Med.  a variety of tetanus with tonic spasm of the jaw muscles causing the mouth to remain tightly closed Also called 亦称作 lockjaw 【医】(因下巴肌肉强直性痉挛而造成的)牙关紧闭 [modern Latin from Greek trismos = trigmos ‘a scream, grinding’]

trisomy /ˈtrisəmi/ n. Med.  a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities 【医】三(染色)体性；三(染色)体细胞 [TRI- + -SOME3]

trisomy-21 n. Med.  the most common form of Down's syndrome, caused by an extra copy of chromosome number 21 【医】三体性综合征(唐氏综合征的最普遍形式)

triste /tri:st/ adj. literary  sad, melancholy, dreary [文学用语]悲伤的；单调的；忧郁的 [French from Latin tristis]

tristesse /triˈstɛs, 法 tristɛs/ n.  sadness 悲伤，悲哀 [French]

trisyllable /traiˈsiləb(ə)l/ n.  a word or metrical foot of three syllables 三音节词；三音节音步 □ trisyllabic  /-ˈlæbik/ adj.  

tritagonist /traiˈtæɡ(ə)nist, tri-/ n.  the third actor in an ancient Greek drama (cf. 参见 DEUTERAGONIST) 第三演员(古希腊悲剧中扮演第三重要角色) [Greek tritagōnistēs (as TRITO-, agōnistēs ‘actor’)]

trite /trait/ adj. (of a phrase, opinion, etc.) hackneyed, worn out by constant repetition (指语句、观点等因反复滥用而变得)陈腐的，老套的 □ tritely  adv.  □ triteness  n.   [Latin tritus, past part. of terere ‘rub’]

tritiate /ˈtritieit/ v. tr.  replace the ordinary hydrogen in (a substance) by tritium 使(某物质)与氚混合；用氚浸渍(某物质)；使(某物质)氚化 □ tritiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

tritium /ˈtritiəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a mass about three times that of ordinary hydrogen (symbol 符 T) 【化】氚(氢的放射性同位素，其体积大约是普通氢的三倍) [modern Latin from Greek tritos ‘third’]

trito- /ˈtritəʊ, ˈtraitəʊ/ comb. form  third [构词成分]第三 [Greek tritos ‘third’]

Triton /ˈtrait(ə)n/ n.  1 (in Greek mythology) a minor sea-god usu. represented as a man with a fish's tail and carrying a trident and shell-trumpet 特赖登(希腊神话中一人身鱼尾海神，手持三叉戟和海螺) 2 (作 triton)  any marine gastropod mollusc of the family Cymatiidae, with a long conical shell (贝类)法螺，梭尾螺 3 (作 triton)  a newt 北螈 [Latin from Greek Tritōn]

triton /ˈtrait(ə)n/ n.  a nucleus of a tritium atom, consisting of a proton and two neutrons 氚核(由一个质子和两个中子组成)

tritone /ˈtraitəʊn/ n. Mus.  an interval of an augmented fourth, comprising three tones 【音】三全音

triturate /ˈtritjʊreit/ v. tr.  1  grind to a fine powder 研碎，磨碎；把…磨成粉末 2  masticate thoroughly 咀嚼，嚼碎 □ triturable  adj.  □ trituration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ triturator  n.   [Latin triturare ‘thresh corn’ from tritura ‘rubbing’ (as TRITE)]

triumph /ˈtraiʌmf/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  the state of being victorious or successful 胜利；凯旋  returned home in triumph  凯旋而归b  a great success or achievement 非凡的成功，杰出的成就 2  a supreme example 最好的例子；典范  a triumph of engineering  工程学的一个最好例子 3  joy at success; exultation (成功的)喜悦；狂喜  could see triumph in her face  可以看出她脸上的喜悦之情 4 Rom. Hist.  the processional entry of a victorious general into ancient Rome [罗马]【史】(古罗马得胜将军的)凯旋入城式 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  gain a victory; be successful; prevail 获胜，得胜；成功 2  ride in triumph 举行凯旋式 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  exult 洋洋得意，耀武扬威 [Middle English from Old French triumphe (n.), triumpher (v.), from Latin triump(h)us, probably from Greek thriambos ‘hymn to Bacchus’]

triumphal /traiˈʌmf(ə)l/ adj.  of or used in celebrating a triumph 胜利的，凯旋的；庆祝胜利的 [Middle English from Old French triumphal or Latin triumphalis (as TRIUMPH)]■Usage 用法说明 Triumphal, meaning ‘of or used in celebrating a triumph’, e.g. triumphal arch, should not be confused with triumphant meaning ‘victorious’ or ‘exultant’, e.g. the triumphant army; a triumphant laugh. 表示“胜利的，凯旋的；庆祝胜利的”之意的 triumphal ，如 triumphal arch (凯旋门)，不应与 triumphant 相混淆，后者表示“胜利的；欢欣鼓舞的；洋洋得意的”，如 the triumphant army (打胜仗的军队)； a triumphant laugh (洋洋得意的大笑)。 

triumphalism /traiˈʌmf(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  excessive exultation over the victories of one's own party, country, etc. 必胜主义，必胜信念(相信自己的一方或国家必然胜利的狂热情绪) □ triumphalist  adj. & n.  

triumphant /traiˈʌmf(ə)nt/ adj.  1  victorious or successful 胜利的；成功的 2  exultant 欢欣鼓舞的；洋洋得意的，耀武扬威的 □ triumphantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French or Latin, from triumphare ‘to triumph’ (as TRIUMPH)]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at TRIUMPHAL. 见 TRIUMPHAL 的用法说明。 

triumvir /traiˈʌmvə, ˈtraiəmvə/ n. (pl. triumvirs or triumviri /-rai/)  1  each of three men holding a joint office 三人联合执政之一 2  a member of a triumvirate 三人领导小组成员之一，三巨头之一 □ triumviral  adj.   [Latin, originally in pl. triumviri, back-formation from trium virorum, genitive of tres viri ‘three men’]

triumvirate /traiˈʌmvirət/ n.  1  a board or ruling group of three men, esp. in ancient Rome (尤指古罗马的)三巨头政治，三雄执政；三人领导小组；三人委员会 2  the office of triumvir 三人领导小组成员的职务

triune /ˈtraiju:n/ adj.  three in one, esp. with reference to the Trinity 三人一组的；三件一套的；(尤指基督教)三位一体的 □ triunity  /-ˈju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)   [TRI- + Latin unus ‘one’]

trivalent /traiˈveil(ə)nt/ adj. Chem.  having a valency of three; tervalent 【化】三价的 □ trivalency  n.  

trivet /ˈtrivit/ n.  1  an iron tripod or bracket for a cooking pot or kettle to stand on (放在火上支撑烹煮器皿的)铁制三脚架 2  an iron bracket designed to hook on to bars of a grate for a similar purpose (用作其他类似目的的)三脚盘；矮托架 □ as right as a trivet  Brit. colloq.  in a perfectly good state, esp. healthy [英口]十分准确；状态很好；非常健康 [Middle English trevet, apparently from Latin tripes (as TRI-, pes pedis ‘foot’)]

trivet table n.  a table with three feet 三脚桌

trivia /ˈtriviə/ n. pl.  trifles or trivialities 琐事，小事 [modern Latin, pl. of TRIVIUM, influenced by TRIVIAL]

trivial /ˈtriviəl/ adj.  1  of small value or importance; trifling 没什么价值的；不重要的，无关紧要的；琐碎的  raised trivial objections  提出无关紧要的反对 2 (of a person etc.) concerned only with trivial things (人)只关心琐碎事情的；浅薄的 3 archaic  commonplace or humdrum [古义]普通的，平凡的；单调的  the trivial round of daily life  日复一日的单调生活 4 Biol. & Chem. 【生】【化】  of a name 指名称 :a  popular; not scientific 通俗的；通俗易懂的b  specific, as opposed to generic 具体的 5 Math.  giving rise to no difficulty or interest 【数】平凡的；所有变元都等于零的 □ triviality  /-ˈæliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ trivially  adv.  □ trivialness  n.   [Latin trivialis ‘commonplace’ from trivium: see TRIVIUM]

trivialize /ˈtriviəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make trivial or apparently trivial; minimize 使琐碎；使显得琐碎；小看，轻视 □ trivialization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

trivium /ˈtriviəm/ n. hist.  a medieval university course of grammar, rhetoric, and logic [史义] (中世纪大学的)三学科(即语法、修辞、逻辑) [Latin, = place where three roads meet (as TRI-, via ‘road’)]

tri-weekly /traiˈwi:kli/ adj.  produced or occurring three times a week or every three weeks 每星期三次的；每三星期一次的

-trix /triks/ suffix (pl. -trices /triˈsi:z, ˈtraisi:z/ or -trixes)  forming feminine agent nouns corresponding to masculine nouns in -tor, esp. in Law (executrix 女执行者) (尤用于法律)表示“女(性)…者” [Latin -trix -tricis]

tRNA abbr.  transfer RNA. [缩略]转移 RNA ，转移核糖核酸

trocar /ˈtrəʊkɑ:/ n.  a surgical instrument with a three-sided cutting point, used for withdrawing fluid from a body cavity, esp. in oedema etc. 套针，套管针(带有三边针头的外科器具，用于从体腔抽液，尤用于水肿抽液) [French trois-quarts, trocart, from trois ‘three’ + carre ‘side, face of an instrument’]

trochaic /trə(ʊ)ˈkeiik/ adj. & n. Prosody 【诗体】  ●adj.  of or using trochees (用)扬抑格的，(用)长短格的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  trochaic verse (诗歌的)扬抑格，长短格 [Latin trochaicus from Greek trokhaikos (as TROCHEE)]

trochal /ˈtrəʊk(ə)l/ adj. Zool.  wheel-shaped 【动】轮状的 [Greek trokhos ‘wheel’]

trochal disc n.  the retractable disc on the head of a rotifer bearing a crown of cilia, used for drawing in food or for propulsion 轮盘，毡轮(指轮虫头上的可伸缩式圆盘，长有一圈纤毛，用来吸入食物或推动身体前进)

trochanter /trəˈkæntə/ n.  1 Anat.  any of several bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper part of the thigh bone 【解】(股骨上部粘连肌肉的)转子 2 Zool.  the second segment of the leg in insects 【动】(昆虫腿上的)转节 [French from Greek trokhantēr, from trekhō ‘to run’]

troche /trəʊʃ, ˈtrəʊki:/ n.  a small usu. circular medicated tablet or lozenge (小药片的)片剂；锭剂 [obsolete trochisk from Old French trochisque via Late Latin trochiscus from Greek trokhiskos, diminutive of trokhos ‘wheel’]

trochee /ˈtrəʊki:/ n. Prosody  a foot consisting of one long or stressed syllable followed by one short or unstressed syllable 【诗体】扬抑格，长短格(由一重音节和一轻音节构成的音步) [Latin trochaeus from Greek trokhaios (pous) ‘running (foot) ’, from trekhō ‘to run’]

trochlea /ˈtrɒkliə/ n. (pl. trochleae /-lii:/) Anat.  a pulley-like structure or arrangement of parts, e.g. the groove at the lower end of the humerus 【解】滑车(骨骼的滑车状结构，如肱骨下端的沟槽) □ trochlear  adj.   [Latin, = pulley, from Greek trokhilia]

trochoid /ˈtrəʊkɔid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 Anat.  rotating on its own axis 【解】在轴上转动的 2 Geom. (of a curve) traced by a point on a radius of a circle rotating along a straight line or another circle 【几】(弧线)轮子一样摆动的 ●n.  a trochoid joint or curve 次摆线；轮迹线 □ trochoidal  /-ˈkɔid(ə)l/ adj.   [Greek trokhoeidēs ‘wheel-like’ from trokhos ‘wheel’]

trod past and past part.  of TREAD 

trodden past part.  of TREAD  

trog1 /trɒɡ/ n. Brit. slang  a contemptible person; a lout or hooligan [英] [俚语]受鄙视的人；笨拙的人；举止粗鲁的人；流氓 [abbreviation of TROGLODYTE]

trog2 /trɒɡ/ v. intr. (-gg-) slang [俚语]  1  walk laboriously; trudge 费力地走；步履艰难地走 2  walk casually; stroll 闲逛；漫步 [20th c.: perhaps a blend of TRUDGE, SLOG, TROLL2, etc.]

troglodyte /ˈtrɒɡlədait/ n.  1  a cave dweller, esp. of prehistoric times (尤指史前时期的)洞穴居住者 2  a hermit 隐士，隐居者 3 derog.  a wilfully obscurantist or old-fashioned person [贬]老顽固，死硬派；极端保守主义者 □ troglodytic  /-ˈditik/ adj.  □ troglodytical  /-ˈditik(ə)l/ adj.  □ troglodytism  n.   [Latin troglodyta from Greek trōglodutēs, from the name of an Ethiopian people, from trōglē ‘hole’]

trogon /ˈtrəʊɡɒn/ n.  any tropical bird of the family Trogonidae, with a long tail and brilliantly coloured plumage 咬鹃(长尾、羽色亮丽的热带鸟) [modern Latin from Greek trōgōn, from trōgō ‘gnaw’]

troika /ˈtrɔikə/ n.  1  a  a Russian vehicle with a team of three horses abreast (俄罗斯的一种)三驾马车b  this team 并驾拉车的三匹马 2  a group of three people, esp. as an administrative council (尤指作为行政管理的)三人领导小组；三巨头 [Russian, from troe ‘set of three’]

troilism /ˈtrɔiliz(ə)m/ n.  sexual activity involving three participants 三人间性行为 [perhaps from French trois ‘three’]

Trojan /ˈtrəʊdʒ(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Troy in Asia Minor 特洛伊的(特洛伊系小亚细亚一古城) ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Troy 特洛伊人 2  a person who works, fights, etc. courageously 勤勉的人；英勇善战的人  works like a Trojan  像特洛伊人一样勤勉地工作 [Middle English from Latin Troianus, from Troia ‘Troy’]

Trojan Horse n.  1  a hollow wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks to enter Troy 特洛伊木马(古希腊人围攻特洛伊时所用的一种空心大木马) 2  a person or device planted to bring about an enemy's downfall (意在推翻敌人的)颠覆分子；颠覆阴谋 3 Computing  a program designed to breach the security of a computer system while ostensibly performing some innocuous function 【计算】木马病毒，欺骗程序(表面上没有任何毒害作用而实际上意在破坏计算机系统安全的程序)

troll1 /trəʊl, trɒl/ n. (in Scandinavian folklore) a fabulous being, esp. a giant or dwarf dwelling in a cave (尤指斯堪的纳维亚民间传说中居于洞穴的)巨人或侏儒 [Old Norse & Swedish troll, Danish trold]

troll2 /trəʊl, trɒl/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  sing out in a carefree jovial manner 欢快地唱歌 2 tr. & intr.  a  fish by drawing bait along in the water 用带有饵的曳绳钓鱼b (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  search, seek 寻找；寻求 3 intr. esp. Brit.  walk, stroll [尤英]闲逛，溜达 ●n.  1  the act of trolling for fish 曳绳钓鱼(法) 2  a line or bait used in this (曳绳钓鱼用的)钓线；钓饵 □ troller  n.   [Middle English ‘stroll, roll’, of uncertain origin: cf. Old French troller ‘quest’, Middle High German trollen ‘stroll’]

trolley /ˈtrɒli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1 esp. Brit.  a table, stand, or basket on wheels or castors for serving food, transporting luggage or shopping, gathering purchases in a supermarket, etc. [尤英] (装有脚轮用以运送食品、行李或超市购物等用的)手推车；台车 2 esp. Brit.  a low truck running on rails [尤英]有轨电车 3 (in full 全称 trolley-wheel)  a wheel attached to a pole etc. used for collecting current from an overhead electric wire to drive a vehicle (用以驱动电车，与电车头顶上电线相连的)触轮 4  a US [美]  = TROLLEY-CAR b Brit. [英]  = TROLLEYBUS  □ off one's trolley  slang  crazy [俚语]疯疯癫癫，失去理智 [of dialect origin, perhaps from TROLL2]

trolleybus /ˈtrɒlibʌs/ n.  a bus powered by electricity obtained from an overhead cable by means of a trolley-wheel 无轨电车(通过触轮从车顶的电线获得电力的公共汽车)

trolley-car n. US  a tram powered by electricity obtained from an overhead cable by means of a trolley-wheel [美]无轨电车

trollop /ˈtrɒləp/ n.  1  a disreputable or promiscuous girl or woman 行为不检的女人，荡妇 2  a prostitute 妓女 [17th c.: perhaps related to TRULL]

trombone /trɒmˈbəʊn/ n.  1  a  a large brass wind instrument with a sliding tube 长号，长喇叭，伸缩长号b  a trombone-player 长号手 2  an organ stop with the quality of a trombone (管风琴上带有长号特性的)音栓 □ trombonist  n.   [French or Italian from Italian tromba TRUMPET]

trommel /ˈtrɒm(ə)l/ n. Mining  a revolving cylindrical sieve for cleaning ore 【采矿学】滚筒筛；洗矿滚筒 [German, = drum]

tromometer /trəˈmɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring very slight earthquake shocks 微地震测量仪，微震计 [Greek tromos ‘trembling’ + -METER]

trompe /trɒmp/ n.  an apparatus for producing a blast in a furnace by using falling water to displace air (熔炉的)水风筒 [French, = trumpet: see TRUMP1]

trompe l'œil /trɒmp ˈlɔi, 法 trɔ˜p lœj/ n. (pl. trompe l'œils pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a still-life painting etc. designed to give an illusion of reality (立体感强而逼真的)错视画；错视效果 [French, literally ‘deceives the eye’]

-tron /trɒn/ suffix Physics forming nouns denoting 【物理学】构成名词的后缀形式，表示 :  1  a subatomic particle (positron 正电子) 亚原子粒子 2  a particle accelerator 粒子加速装置 3  a thermionic valve 热离子管 [from ELECTRON]

troop /tru:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an assembled company; an assemblage of people or animals 一队；一大批；一群(人或动物) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  soldiers or armed forces 军队，部队 3  a cavalry unit commanded by a captain 骑兵连，骑兵中队 4  a unit of artillery and armoured formation 炮兵装甲连 5  a grouping of three or more Scout patrols 童子军中队 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out, off, etc.)  come together or move in large numbers 群集；成群结队而行 □ troop the colour  esp. Brit.  show a flag ceremonially at a public mounting of garrison guards [尤英]行军旗敬礼分列式 [French troupe, back-formation from troupeau, diminutive of medieval Latin troppus ‘flock’, probably of Germanic origin]

troop carrier n.  a large aircraft, armoured vehicle, etc., for carrying troops (运送部队的)大型运输机(或装甲车等)

trooper /ˈtru:pə/ n.  1  a private soldier in a cavalry or armoured unit 骑兵；装甲兵 2 Austral. & US  a mounted or motor-borne police officer [澳美]骑警；摩托车警 3  a cavalry horse 骑兵的马，战马 4 esp. Brit.  a troopship [尤英]部队运输船 □ swear like a trooper   swear extensively or forcefully 破口大骂

troopship /ˈtru:pʃip/ n.  a ship used for transporting troops 部队运输船

tropaeolum /trə(ʊ)ˈpi:ələm/ n.  a trailing or climbing plant of the genus Tropaeolum, with trumpet-shaped yellow, orange, or red flowers 旱金莲，金莲花(一种蔓生植物，开喇叭形黄、桔黄或红色花) [modern Latin from Latin tropaeum ‘trophy’, with reference to the likeness of the flower and leaf to a helmet and shield]

trope /trəʊp/ n.  a figurative (e.g. metaphorical or ironical) use of a word 转义用词；比喻用词 [Latin tropus from Greek tropos ‘turn, way, trope’, from trepō ‘to turn’]

trophic /ˈtrɒfik/ adj.  of or concerned with nutrition 营养的；有关营养的  trophic nerves  营养神经 [Greek trophikos, via trophē ‘nourishment’ from trephō ‘nourish’]

-trophic /ˈtrəʊfik, ˈtrɒfik/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  relating to nutrition (autotrophic 自养的 , oligotrophic 贫营养的) 有关营养的 2  relating to maintenance or regulation, esp. by a hormone (corticotrophic 促肾上腺皮质的 , gonadotrophic 促性腺的) (尤指通过激素)维护营养的；营养调控的 □ -trophism, -trophy  comb. forms [构词成分]   [Greek tropheia ‘nourishment’]

tropho- /ˈtrɒfəʊ, ˈtrəʊfəʊ/ comb. form  nourishment [构词成分]营养，滋养 [Greek trophē: see TROPHIC]

trophoblast /ˈtrɒfə(ʊ)blæst, ˈtrəʊf-/ n.  a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming the major part of the placenta (胚胎)滋养层(哺乳动物囊胚外面的组织层，给胚胎提供营养，后来形成胎盘的主体部分)

trophy /ˈtrəʊfi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a cup or other decorative object awarded as a prize or memento of victory or success in a contest etc. (取得胜利作为纪念的)胜利纪念品；(比赛获胜的)奖杯；奖品 2  a memento or souvenir, e.g. a deer's antlers, taken in hunting (狩猎中的)战利品；纪念品(如鹿角) 3 Gk & Rom. Antiq.  the weapons etc. of a defeated army set up as a memorial of victory [古希腊] [古罗马] (战争的)战利品；胜利纪念品(把从打败的敌人处获得的武器等保存下来作为纪念) 4  an ornamental group of symbolic or typical objects arranged for display 陈列品；装饰物 □ trophied  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [French trophée via Latin trophaeum from Greek tropaion, via tropē ‘a rout’ from trepō ‘to turn’]

tropic /ˈtrɒpik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the parallel of latitude 23°26 ′ north (tropic of Cancer) or south (tropic of Capricorn) of the equator (赤道以北至北纬 23°26 ′的)北回归线；(赤道以南至南纬 23°26 ′的)南回归线 2  each of two corresponding circles on the celestial sphere where the sun appears to turn after reaching its greatest declination (天球的)回归线；(天球的)至点 3 (作 the Tropics)  the region between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn 热带地区(南回归线和北回归线之间的地区) ●adj.  1  = TROPICAL 1  2 /ˈtrəʊpik/  of tropism 热带的；热带地区的 [Middle English via Latin tropicus from Greek tropikos, via tropē ‘turning’ from trepō ‘to turn’]

-tropic /ˈtrəʊpik, ˈtrɒpik/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  turning towards (heliotropic 向日的；向光的) 转向 2  affecting (psychotropic 作用于精神的); (esp. in names of hormones 尤用于激素名称) = -TROPHIC 作用于…的，亲…性，向…性

tropical /ˈtrɒpik(ə)l/ adj.  1  of, peculiar to, or suggesting the Tropics 热带的；有关热带的；产于热带的；有热带特性的  tropical fish  热带鱼 tropical diseases  热带病 2  very hot; passionate, luxuriant 炎热的；热烈的，热情的；繁茂的，茂盛的 3  of or by way of a trope 转义的；比喻的 □ tropically  adv.  

tropical cyclone  see 见 CYCLONE 2 

tropical storm n.  = CYCLONE 2 

tropical year  see 见 YEAR 1 

tropic bird n.  any seabird of the family Phaethontidae, with very long central tail feathers 热带鸟(尾部中间羽毛很长的鹲科海鸟)

tropic of Cancer  see 见 TROPIC n. 1 

tropic of Capricorn  see 见 TROPIC n. 1 

tropism /ˈtrəʊpiz(ə)m, ˈtrɒp-/ n. Biol.  the turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus 【生】向性(指某一有机体的全部或部分在外界刺激下向某一特定方向的转向) [Greek tropos ‘turning’ from trepō ‘to turn’]

tropology /trəˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  1  the figurative use of words 比喻用词；引申用法 2  figurative interpretation, esp. of the Scriptures (尤指对《圣经》的)引申义解释 □ tropological  /trɒpəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.   [Late Latin tropologia from Greek tropologia (as TROPE)]

tropopause /ˈtrɒpəpɔ:z, ˈtrəʊp-/ n.  the interface between the troposphere and the stratosphere 对流层顶(对流层与平流层之间的界面) [TROPOSPHERE + PAUSE]

troposphere /ˈtrɒpəsfiə, ˈtrəʊp-/ n.  the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 6 － 10 km, and in which the temperature falls with increasing height (cf. 参见 STRATOSPHERE, IONOSPHERE) 对流层(大气层中的最低层面，从地球表面一直到 6 至 10 千米的高度，高度越高，温度越低) □ tropospheric  /-ˈsferik/ adj.   [Greek tropos ‘turning’ + SPHERE]

troppo1 /ˈtrɒpəʊ/ adv. Mus.  too much (qualifying a tempo indication) 【音】(指节奏或速度)太多；太过，过于 □ ma non troppo   but not too much so 还不至于如此 [Italian]

troppo2 /ˈtrɒpəʊ/ adj. Austral. slang  mentally disturbed from exposure to a tropical climate; crazy [澳] [俚语] (受热带气候影响而形成的)热带神经质的

Trot /trɒt/ n. esp. Brit. colloq. usu. derog.  a Trotskyist [尤英口] [常贬]托洛茨基分子，托派分子 [abbreviation]

trot /trɒt/ v. & n. ●v. (trotted, trotting)  1 intr. (of a person) run at a moderate pace esp. with short strides (指人)小跑，慢跑 2 intr. (of a horse) proceed at a steady pace faster than a walk lifting each diagonal pair of legs alternately (指马)快步，疾走，小跑 3 intr. colloq.  walk or go [口]走，行走 4 tr.  cause (a horse or person) to trot 使(马或人)小跑 5 tr.  traverse (a distance) at a trot 小跑着穿越(一段路程) ●n.  1  the action or exercise of trotting 小跑，慢跑；散步  proceed at a trot  快步前进 went for a trot  去小跑一会儿 2 (the trots) slang  an attack of diarrhoea [俚语]拉肚子，腹泻 3  a brisk steady movement or occupation 快步，疾走 4 (in pl. 用复数) Austral. colloq. [澳口]  a  trotting races 驾马车赛b  a meeting for these 驾马车赛会 □ on the trot  colloq. [口]  1  continually busy 忙碌不停  kept them on the trot  让他们忙个不停 2 Brit.  in succession [英]接连地，连续地  five weeks on the trot  连续五周□ trot out   1  cause (a horse) to trot to show its paces 使(马)快步跑起来(让人看) 2 colloq.  produce or introduce (as if) for inspection and approval, esp. tediously or repeatedly [口] (尤指不厌其烦地)拿出…供人查看并赞扬；炫耀地出示 [Middle English via Old French troter from Romanic & medieval Latin trottare, of Germanic origin]

troth /trəʊθ/ n. archaic [古义]  1  faith, loyalty 忠实，忠诚 2  truth 真实，事实 □ pledge (or plight) one's troth   pledge one's word esp. in marriage or betrothal 答应结婚(或订婚)；盟誓 [Middle English trowthe from Old English trēowth TRUTH]

Trotskyism /ˈtrɒtskiiz(ə)m/ n.  the political or economic principles of L. Trotsky, Russian politician d. 1940, esp. as urging worldwide socialist revolution 托洛茨基主义(卒于 1940 年的俄罗斯政治家托洛茨基所主张的在世界范围实行社会主义革命的政治经济理论) □ Trotskyist  n.  □ Trotskyite  n. derog. [贬]  托洛茨基分子，托派分子

trotter /ˈtrɒtə/ n.  1  a horse bred or trained for trotting (受过训练的)快步马 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  an animal's foot as food (供食用的)动物脚蹄  pig's trotters  猪蹄，猪爪b joc.  a human foot [诙] (人的)脚

trotting /ˈtrɒtiŋ/ n.  racing for trotting horses pulling a two-wheeled vehicle and driver (拉着两轮车和车手的)驾马车赛

troubadour /ˈtru:bədɔ:/ n.  1  any of a number of French medieval lyric poets composing and singing in Provençal in the 11th － 13th c. on the theme of courtly love 行吟诗人 (11 至 13 世纪在法国南部普罗旺斯一带以宫廷爱情为主题进行吟诗作歌的抒情诗人) 2  a singer or poet 歌者；诗人 [French from Provençal trobador, from trobar ‘find, invent, compose in verse’]

trouble /ˈtrʌb(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  difficulty or distress; vexation, affliction 困难；麻烦；不幸；灾难  am having trouble with my car  我的车现在出了点问题 2  a  inconvenience; unpleasant exertion; bother 烦恼，苦恼；不便  went to a lot of trouble  碰上了许多烦恼b  a cause of this 引起烦恼的原因  the child was no trouble  孩子不是烦恼的原因 3  a cause of annoyance or concern 苦恼；忧虑  the trouble with you is that you can't say no  你的苦恼是不能说“不” 4  a faulty condition or operation (身体上的)病痛；(机器等的)故障  kidney trouble  肾病 engine trouble  引擎故障 5  a  fighting, disturbance 纷争；打扰  crowd trouble  人群纷争 don't want any trouble  不想要任何人打扰b (in pl. 用复数)  political or social unrest, public disturbances (政治或社会的)骚乱，动乱 6  disagreement, strife 不和；倾轧  is having trouble at home  家庭正闹不和 ●v.  1 tr.  cause distress or anxiety to; disturb 使烦恼；使苦恼；使忧虑；打扰  were much troubled by their debts  因债务而深深苦恼 2 intr.  be disturbed or worried 焦虑，担心  don't trouble about it  别为此事担心 3 tr.  afflict; cause pain etc. to 折磨；受苦；使痛苦  am troubled with arthritis  关节炎折磨着我 4 tr. & intr. (often 常作 refl.)  subject or be subjected to inconvenience or unpleasant exertion 麻烦(给人带来不便或不快)；费心；费力  sorry to trouble you  对不起，麻烦您了 don't trouble yourself  你自己就别费心了 don't trouble to explain  不必费神解释 □ ask for trouble  colloq.  invite trouble or difficulty by rash or indiscreet behaviour etc. [口] (由于鲁莽或粗心行为)自讨苦吃，自找麻烦□ be no trouble   cause no inconvenience etc. 不惹麻烦；不打扰□ go to the trouble (or some trouble etc.)   exert oneself to do something 尽力设法，不怕费事□ in trouble   1  involved in a matter likely to bring censure or punishment 处于麻烦或困境中；受训斥 2 colloq.  pregnant while unmarried [口]未婚先孕□ look for trouble  colloq. [口]  1  aggressively seek to cause trouble 故意惹事生非 2  invite trouble 自讨苦吃，自找麻烦□ take trouble (or the trouble)   exert oneself to do something 尽力设法，不怕费事□ troubler  n.   [Middle English from Old French truble (n.), trubler, turbler (v.), ultimately from Latin turbidus TURBID]

trouble and strife n. Brit. rhyming slang  wife [英] [同韵俚语]老婆，妻子

troubled /ˈtrʌb(ə)ld/ adj.  showing, experiencing, or reflecting trouble, anxiety, etc. 烦恼的，苦恼的；忧虑的，不安的  a troubled mind  苦恼的心 a troubled childhood  烦恼的童年

troublemaker /ˈtrʌb(ə)lmeikə/ n.  a person who habitually causes trouble 制造麻烦者，惹事生非者 □ trouble-making  n. & attrib. adj.  

troubleshooter /ˈtrʌb(ə)lʃu:tə/ n.  1  a mediator in industrial or diplomatic etc. disputes (工商或外交等方面的)纠纷调解人 2  a person who traces and corrects faults in machinery etc. (机器等的)检修工 □ troubleshoot  v. intr. & tr. (past and past part. -shot)  当检修工；当调解人□ troubleshooting  n.  

troublesome /ˈtrʌb(ə)ls(ə)m/ adj.  1  causing or full of trouble 造成麻烦的；多麻烦的 2  vexing, annoying 令人烦恼的；令人讨厌的 □ troublesomely  adv.  □ troublesomeness  n.  

trouble spot n.  a place where difficulties regularly occur (经常产生困难的)麻烦地区；多事地区；不安定地区

troublous /ˈtrʌbləs/ adj. archaic or literary  full of troubles; agitated, disturbed [古义] [文学用语]麻烦的；动乱的，动荡不安的  troublous times  乱世 [Middle English from Old French troubleus (as TROUBLE)]

trough /trɒf/ n.  1  a long narrow open receptacle for water, animal feed, etc. 槽；水槽；(牲畜的)饲料槽 2  a channel for conveying a liquid 排水沟；引水道 3  an elongated region of low barometric pressure (低气压)槽 4  a hollow between two wave crests (水波间的)波谷 5  the time of lowest economic performance etc. (经济活动中的)低谷期，萧条期 6  a region around the minimum on a curve of variation of a quantity (曲线上的)极小值 7  a low point or depression 低谷，淡季 [Old English trog, from Germanic]

trounce /traʊns/ v. tr.  1  defeat heavily 重创；击败 2  beat, thrash 痛打；鞭打 3  punish severely 严惩 □ trouncer  n.  □ trouncing  n.   [16th c., = afflict: origin unknown]

troupe /tru:p/ n.  a company of actors or acrobats etc. 演出团，歌舞团；马戏团 [French, = TROOP]

trouper /ˈtru:pə/ n.  1  a member of a theatrical troupe (歌舞团、马戏团的)团员 2  a staunch colleague 经验老道的演员；可靠的同事

trouser-clip n.  = BICYCLE CLIP 

trousers /ˈtraʊzəz/ n. pl.  1 (also 亦作 pair of trousers sing.)  an outer garment reaching from the waist usu. to the ankles, divided into two parts to cover the legs 长裤，西(装)裤 2 (作 trouser) (作 attrib.)  designating parts of this 裤子的；裤子上的(某部分)  trouser leg  裤腿 □ wear the trousers   be the dominant partner in a marriage etc. (在婚姻中)占主导地位；掌权当家□ trousered  adj.  □ trouserless  adj.   [archaic trouse (sing.) from Irish & Gaelic triubhas TREWS: pl. form on the pattern of drawers]

trouser suit n. Brit.  a woman's suit of trousers and jacket [英] (女子的上衣与裤子相配的)裤套装

trousseau /ˈtru:səʊ/ n. (pl. trousseaus or trousseaux /-səʊz/)  the clothes collected by a bride for her marriage (新娘的)嫁妆 [French, literally ‘bundle’, diminutive of trousse TRUSS]

trout /traʊt/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or trouts)  1  a  any of various freshwater fishes of the genus Salmo or Salvelinus of the northern hemisphere, esp. Salmo trutta of Europe, valued as food 鲑，鲑鳟鱼(产于北半球，尤指产于欧洲的一种可作佳肴的淡水鱼)b  any of various unrelated fishes 不相属的鲑状鱼 2 Brit. slang derog.  a woman, esp. an old or ill-tempered one [英] [俚语] [贬] (尤指年老的或脾气暴躁的)女人；讨厌的老婆子  usu. 通常作 old trout  □ trouting  n.  □ troutlet  n.  □ troutling  n.   [Old English truht from Late Latin tructa]

trouvaille /ˈtru:vail, 法 truvaj/ n.  a lucky find; a windfall 意外收获；横财 [French from trouver ‘find’]

trouvère /tru:ˈvɛə/ n.  a medieval epic poet in northern France in the 11th － 14th c. (11 至 14 世纪法国北部的)行吟诗人 [Old French trovere from trover ‘find’: cf. TROUBADOUR]

trove /trəʊv/ n.  = TREASURE TROVE  [Anglo-French trové from trover ‘find’]

trover /ˈtrəʊvə/ n. Law 【法律】  1  finding and keeping personal property (通过发现而获得的)个人财产 2  common-law action to recover the value of personal property wrongfully taken etc. 追索非法占有的个人财产 [Old French trover ‘find’]

trow /trəʊ/ v. tr. archaic  think, believe [古义]想；相信 [Old English trūwian, trēowian ‘to trust’, related to TRUCE]

trowel /ˈtraʊəl/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small hand-held tool with a flat pointed blade, used to apply and spread mortar etc. (用来抹涂灰泥或灰浆等的)小泥刀，镘刀 2  a similar tool with a curved scoop for lifting plants or earth (用来移植树苗或挖泥土的)小铲子 ●v. tr. (trowelled, trowelling; US [美] troweled, troweling)  1  apply (plaster etc.) 抹涂(灰浆等) 2  dress (a wall etc.) with a trowel (用镘刀)修平(墙壁等) [Middle English via Old French truele and medieval Latin truella from Latin trulla ‘scoop’, diminutive of trua ‘ladle’ etc.]

Troy /trɒi/   特洛伊 [人名]

troy /trɔi/ n. (in full 全称 troy weight)  a system of weights used for precious metals and gems, with a pound of 12 ounces or 5,760 grains 金衡制(用来给贵重金属和宝石计量的制度，一磅合 12 盎司或 5,760 格令) [Middle English, probably from a weight used at Troyes in France]

trs. abbr.  transpose (letters or words etc.) [缩略]互换(字母或单词等的)位置

truant /ˈtru:ənt/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a child who stays away from school without leave or explanation 逃学孩子，旷课者 2  a person missing from work etc. 旷工者 ●adj. (of a person, conduct, thoughts, etc.) shirking, idle, wandering (指人、行为、思想等)开小差的；逃避责任的；懒散的；闲荡的 ●v. intr. (also 亦作 play truant)  stay away as a truant 逃学；旷工；逃避责任 □ truancy  n.   [Middle English from Old French, probably ultimately from Celtic: cf. Welsh truan, Gaelic truaghan ‘wretched’]

truce /tru:s/ n.  1  a temporary agreement to cease hostilities 休战；(临时的)休战协定 2  a suspension of private feuding or bickering (个人间仇恨或争吵的)暂停，中止 □ truceless  adj.   [Old English trēow from Germanic: related to TRUE]

truck1 /trʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  an open railway wagon for carrying freight [英] (铁路的)敞篷货车，运货车皮 2  a large road vehicle for carrying heavy goods, troops, supplies, etc.; a lorry (运送重物、部队、供给品等的)载重汽车；卡车，货车 3  a railway bogie (铁路上的)手推车 4  a wheeled stand for transporting goods (运送货物的)四轮平台车 5 Naut.  a wooden disc at the top of a mast with holes for halyards 【海】(桅杆顶端穿有绳索的)桅冠 6  each of two axle units on a skateboard, to which the wheels are attached (滑板上镶接轮子的)轮轴 ●v.  1 tr.  convey on or in a truck 用货车装运 2 intr. N. Amer.  drive a truck [北美]驾驶运货卡车 3 intr. N. Amer. slang  proceed; go, stroll [北美] [俚语]继续前进，坚持下去；溜达，闲逛 □ truckage  n.   [perhaps short for TRUCKLE in the sense ‘wheel, pulley’]

truck2 /trʌk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  dealings; exchange, barter 买卖，交易；交换；物物交换 2  small wares 小额商品 3 N. Amer.  market-garden produce [北美] (供应市场的)商品蔬菜  truck farm  商品蔬菜农场 4 colloq.  odds and ends [口]零星杂物，不值钱的小东西 5 hist.  the payment of workers in kind or with vouchers etc. [史义] (以物品或票券等代替现金的)实物工资制 ●v. tr. & intr. archaic  barter, exchange [古义]以物换物，物物交换 □ have no truck with   avoid dealing with 不与…打交道 [Middle English from Old French troquer (unrecorded) = medieval Latin trocare, of unknown origin]

trucker /ˈtrʌkə/ n.  1  a long-distance lorry driver 长途卡车司机 2  a firm dealing in long-distance carriage of goods 长途货运公司

truckie /ˈtrʌki/ n. Austral. colloq.  a lorry driver; a trucker [澳口]卡车司机；载重汽车司机

trucking /ˈtrʌkiŋ/ n. US  conveyance of goods by lorry [美]卡车运输(业)

truckle /ˈtrʌk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 truckle-bed) esp. Brit.  a low bed on wheels that can be stored under a larger bed [尤英] (不用时可推入大床下存放的)装有脚轮的矮床 2 orig. dial.  a small barrel-shaped cheese [源于方]桶形小奶酪 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  submit obsequiously 屈从，(对…)惟命是从 □ truckler  n.   [originally = wheel, pulley, via Anglo-French trocle from Latin trochlea ‘pulley’]

truckload /ˈtrʌkləʊd/ n.  1  a quantity of goods etc. or a number of people that can be transported in a truck 一卡车货物(或乘客) 2 colloq.  a large quantity or number [口]一大批；大量 □ by the truckload   in large quantities or numbers 以大量计；大批地

truck stop n. N. Amer. [北美]  = TRANSPORTCAFÉ 

truculent /ˈtrʌkjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  aggressively defiant 挑战的；挑衅的 2  aggressive, pugnacious 凶猛的；凶猛好斗的 3  fierce, savage 残忍的，残暴的；野蛮的 □ truculence  n.  □ truculency  n.  □ truculently  adv.   [Latin truculentus from trux trucis ‘fierce’]

trudge /trʌdʒ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  go on foot esp. laboriously 步行，(尤指费力地)走 2 tr.  traverse (a distance) in this way 艰难地走过(某段距离) ●n.  a trudging walk 艰难的步行；跋涉 □ trudger  n.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

trudgen /ˈtrʌdʒ(ə)n/ n.  a swimming stroke like the crawl with a scissors movement of the legs 特拉金式泳法(双腿像剪刀般动作的爬泳法) [named after J. Trudgen, 19th-c. English swimmer]

Trudie /ˈtru:di/   特鲁迪 [人名]

Trudy /ˈtru:di/   特鲁迪 [人名]

true /tru:/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. (truer, truest)  1  in accordance with fact or reality 真实的；如实的  a true story  一个真实的故事 2  genuine; rightly or strictly so called; not spurious or counterfeit 真的，真正的；名正言顺的；不假造的  a true friend  一位真正的朋友 the true heir to the throne  王位的真正继承人 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  loyal or faithful 忠实的，忠诚的  true to one's word  说话算数 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  accurately conforming (to a standard or expectation etc.) 精确的；逼真的；符合标准的  true to form  一如既往的 5  correctly positioned or balanced; upright, level (位置)正的；平的；平衡的；挺直的 6  exact, accurate 精确无误的；与原本无异的  a true aim  精确的目标 a true copy  正本 7 (absol. [含宾]) (also 亦作 it is true)  certainly, admittedly 的确；当然，势所必然  true, it would cost more  的确，这会花费更多 8 (of a note) exactly in tune (指音调)合调的，准确的 9 (of a compass bearing) measured relative to true north (罗盘方位)朝正北确定的 10 archaic [古义]  honest, upright 诚实的；正直的  twelve good men and true  12 个善良正直的人 ●adv.  1  truly 真实地  tell me true  告诉我真话 2  accurately 准确地  aim true  准确地瞄准 3  without variation 纯种地；没有变异地  breed true  繁殖纯种 ●v. tr. (trues, trued, truing or trueing)  bring (a tool, wheel, frame, etc.) into the exact position or form required 把(工具、轮子、框架等)摆正；装准，配准 □ come true   actually happen or be the case 实现，成为事实□ out of true (or the true)   not in the correct or exact position (位置)不准确；有毛病□ true to form (or type)   being or behaving etc. as expected (状态或行为等)一如往常；典型的□ true to life   accurately representing life 逼真，惟妙惟肖□ trueness  n.   [Old English trēowe, tryˉwe, from the Germanic noun represented by TRUCE]

true bill n. US & hist.  a bill of indictment endorsed by a grand jury as being sustained by evidence [美史义] (大陪审团在认为证据充分后签署的)起诉书

true-blue adj. & n. ●adj.  extremely loyal or orthodox 忠贞不渝的，坚定不移的 ●n.  such a person, esp. a Conservative 忠诚坚定的拥护者(尤指忠诚于保守党的人)

true-born attrib. adj.  genuine 血统纯正的；地道的  a true-born Englishman  一位血统纯正的英格兰人

true-bred attrib. adj.  of a genuine or good breed 纯种的；有教养的

true coral  see 见 CORAL n. 2 

true-hearted adj.  faithful, loyal 忠实的，忠诚的

true horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1c 

true love n.  a sweetheart 爱人，情人，恋人

true-love knot n. (also 亦作 true-lover's knot)  a kind of knot with interlacing bows on each side, symbolizing true love 同心结(象征真正爱情的一种蝴蝶结)

true north n.  north according to the earth's axis, not magnetic north 真北(根据地极而非磁极确定的向北方向)

true rib n.  a rib joined directly to the breastbone (与胸骨直接相连的)真肋，真肋骨

truffle /ˈtrʌf(ə)l/ n.  1  any strong-smelling underground fungus of the order Tuberales, used as a culinary delicacy and found esp. in France by trained dogs or pigs 块菌，块菰(生长于地下的味道强烈的食用菌，在法国尤由狗或猪来发掘) 2  a usu. round sweet made of chocolate mixture covered with cocoa etc. (通常圆形的)巧克力糖 [probably via Dutch truffel from obsolete French truffle, ultimately from Latin tubera, pl. of TUBER]

trug /trʌɡ/ n. Brit. [英]  1  a shallow oblong garden basket usu. of wood strips (常用木条做的，花园里使用的)椭圆形浅篮 2 archaic  a shallow wooden container for milk [古义] (木制的用以装牛奶的)浅盆 [perhaps a dialect variant of TROUGH]

truism /ˈtru:iz(ə)m/ n.  1  an obviously true or hackneyed statement 自明之理；老生常谈 2  a proposition that states nothing beyond what is implied in any of its terms 不言而喻的事 □ truistic  /-ˈistik/ adj.  

trull /trʌl/ n. archaic  a prostitute [古义]妓女 [German Trulle]

truly /ˈtru:li/ adv.  1  sincerely, genuinely 诚挚地；真诚地  am truly grateful  我真诚地表示感激 2  really, indeed 真实地；确实地  truly, I do not know  我确实不知道 3  faithfully, loyally 忠实地，忠心地  served them truly  忠心地为他们服务 4  accurately, truthfully 准确地，精确地，如实地  is not truly depicted  并没有准确地描绘出 has been truly stated  已经如实地表明了 5  rightly, properly 正确地；合理地  well and truly  非常合理地 [Old English trēowlice (as TRUE, -LY2)]

trumeau /tru:ˈməʊ/ n. (pl. trumeaux /-ˈməʊz/)  a section of wall or a pillar between two openings, e.g. a pillar dividing a large doorway 窗间墙；中立柱(如把宽门道分成两部分的中柱) [French]

trump1 /trʌmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a playing card of a suit ranking above the others (牌戏的)王牌，将牌b (in pl. 用复数)  this suit (作将牌的)一套牌  hearts are trumps  红心是将牌 2  an advantage esp. involving surprise (尤指拥有出人意料的)优势地位 3 colloq. [口]  a  a helpful or admired person 乐于助人的人；靠得住的人b Austral. & NZ  a person in authority [澳新]有权威的人 ●v.  1  a tr.  defeat (a card or its player) with a trump 出王牌赢牌(或击败对手)b intr.  play a trump card when another suit has been led 打出一张王牌 2 tr. colloq.  gain a surprising advantage over (a person, proposal, etc.) [口]胜过(某人)；挫败(计划) □ trump up   fabricate or invent (an accusation, excuse, etc.) 捏造，编造(指控、借口等)  on a trumped-up charge  受到诬告□ turn up trumps  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  turn out better than expected 出人意料地变好(或友善起来) 2  be greatly successful or helpful 意外地大获成功；给予极大的帮助 [corruption of TRIUMPH in the same (now obsolete) sense]

trump2 /trʌmp/ n. archaic  a trumpet-blast [古义]喇叭声，号声 [Middle English via Old French trompe from Frankish: probably imitative]

trump card n.  1  a card belonging to, or turned up to determine, a trump suit 王牌，将牌 2 colloq. [口]  a  a valuable resource 有效办法；有力手段b  a surprise move to gain an advantage (获得优势的)绝招

trumpery /ˈtrʌmp(ə)ri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  worthless finery 徒有其表的装饰物b  a worthless article 无价值的东西；零星杂物 2  rubbish 垃圾；废话，蠢话 ●adj.  1  showy but worthless 花哨而无价值的，徒有其表的  trumpery jewels  不值钱的珠宝 2  delusive, shallow 虚妄的；肤浅的，浅薄的  trumpery arguments  肤浅的论据 [Middle English from Old French tromperie, from tromper ‘deceive’]

trumpet /ˈtrʌmpit/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a tubular or conical brass instrument with a flared bell and a bright penetrating tone 喇叭，小号(一种管状或圆锥形铜管乐器，声音嘹亮，音质明快刺耳)b  a trumpet-player 小号吹奏者，小号手c  an organ stop with a quality resembling a trumpet (音质类似小号的)风琴音栓 2  a  the tubular corona of a daffodil etc. (黄水仙等植物的)喇叭状花b  a trumpet-shaped thing 喇叭状的东西  ear-trumpet  喇叭状助听器 3  a sound of or like a trumpet (喇叭似的)响亮声音 ●v. (trumpeted, trumpeting)  1 intr.  a  blow a trumpet 吹喇叭，吹小号b (of an enraged elephant etc.) make a loud sound as of a trumpet (发怒的大象等)发出喇叭似的吼叫声 2 tr.  proclaim loudly (a person's or thing's merit) 大声说出，大声宣告(某人或某物的优点) [Middle English from Old French trompette, diminutive of trompe TRUMP2]

trumpet call n.  an urgent summons to action 紧急召唤

trumpeter /ˈtrʌmpitə/ n.  1  a person who plays or sounds a trumpet, esp. a cavalry soldier giving signals 小号吹奏者，号手；(尤指骑兵部队的)号兵 2  a bird making a trumpet-like sound, esp. 发出小号式声音的鸟，尤指 :a  a variety of domestic pigeon 家鸽b  a large black S. American bird of the genus Psophia (南美产的一种体大身黑的)鹤形鸟

trumpeter swan n.  a large N. American wild swan, Cygnus buccinator 颊肌天鹅，号手天鹅(北美产的一种野天鹅)

trumpet major n.  the chief trumpeter of a cavalry regiment (骑兵团的)号手长

truncal /ˈtrʌŋk(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to the trunk of a body or a tree 躯干的；树干的

truncate v. & adj. ●v. tr. /trʌŋˈkeit, ˈtrʌŋ-/  1  cut the top or the end from (a tree, a body, a piece of writing, etc.) 截去(树或躯体的)顶端(或末端)；删节(文章) 2 Crystallog.  replace (an edge or an angle) by a plane 【晶】截去(棱或角)；使成平面 ●adj. /ˈtrʌŋkeit/ Bot. & Zool. (of a leaf or feather etc.) ending abruptly as if cut off at the base or tip 【植】【动】(指树叶或羽毛等)截短的；截头的；去尾的 □ truncately  /ˈtrʌŋkeitli/ adv.  □ truncation  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin truncare truncat- ‘maim’]

truncheon /ˈtrʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  a short club or cudgel, esp. carried by a police officer [尤英] (尤指警察的)警棍 2  a staff or baton as a symbol of authority, esp. that of the Earl Marshal (作为权威标志的)官杖，权杖；(尤指英国王室典礼大臣的)权杖 [Middle English from Old French tronchon ‘stump’, ultimately from Latin truncus ‘trunk’]

trundle /ˈtrʌnd(ə)l/ v. tr. & intr.  roll or move heavily or noisily esp. on or as on wheels (沉重、艰难地)滚动，移动；(尤指在轮子上)滚动 [variant of obsolete or dialect trendle, trindle, from Old English trendel ‘circle’ (as TREND)]

trundle-bed n. esp. US [尤美]  = TRUCKLEn. 1 

trunk /trʌŋk/ n.  1  the main stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots (树的)主干(区别于树枝及树根) 2  a person's or animal's body apart from the limbs and head (人或动物的)躯干，躯体 3  the main part of any structure 主要部分，主干，主体 4  a large box with a hinged lid for transporting luggage, clothes, etc. (装运行李、衣物等的)大箱子 5 N. Amer.  the luggage compartment of a motor car [北美] (汽车后部的)行李箱 6  an elephant's elongated prehensile nose (大象的)长鼻子 7 (in pl. 用复数)  men's shorts worn for swimming, boxing, etc. (用于游泳、拳击等运动的)男式短裤 8  the main body of an artery, nerve, etc. 动脉血管；神经干 9  an enclosed shaft or conduit for cables, ventilation, etc. 电缆管线；(通风的)导管 □ trunkful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一满箱□ trunkless  adj.  无躯干的 [Middle English via Old French tronc from Latin truncus]

trunk call n. esp. Brit.  a telephone call on a trunk line with charges made according to distance [尤英]长途电话

trunking /ˈtrʌŋkiŋ/ n.  1  a system of shafts or conduits for cables, ventilation, etc. 管线系统；通风井 2  the use or arrangement of trunk lines 干线的使用(或铺设)

trunk line n.  a main line of a railway, telephone system, etc. (铁路、电话系统等的)干线

trunk road n. esp. Brit.  an important main road [尤英]干道

trunnion /ˈtrʌnjən/ n.  1  a supporting cylindrical projection on each side of a cannon or mortar 炮耳(加农炮或迫击炮两边起支撑作用的圆柱形凸出物) 2  a hollow gudgeon supporting a cylinder in a steam engine and giving passage to the steam 耳轴(蒸气机中一种空心的、供蒸气通行的圆形轴柱) [French trognon ‘core, tree trunk’, of unknown origin]

truss /trʌs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a framework, e.g. of rafters and struts, supporting a roof or bridge etc. (支撑屋顶或桥梁等的)桁架；构架 2  a surgical appliance worn to support a hernia (外科上用的)疝带 3 Brit.  a bundle of old hay (56 lb) or new hay (60 lb) or straw (36 lb) [英]捆，束；一捆干草(为 56 磅)或新草(为 60 磅)；一捆麦秸(为 36 磅) 4  a compact terminal cluster of flowers or fruit 花束；果束 5  a large corbel supporting a monument etc. (支撑纪念碑等物的)托臂，承材 6 Naut.  a heavy iron ring securing the lower yards to a mast 【海】桁桅连接环 ●v. tr.  1  tie up (a fowl) compactly for cooking 将(鸟禽的)翅膀和脚扎紧(以便烹煮) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  tie (a person) up with the arms to the sides 捆，缚，绑(人) 3  support (a roof or bridge etc.) with a truss or trusses 用桁架或构架支撑(屋顶或桥梁等) □ trusser  n.   [Middle English from Old French trusser (v.), trusse (n.), of unknown origin]

trust /trʌst/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a firm belief in the reliability or truth or strength etc. of a person or thing (对某人或某事的可靠性、真实性或实力等的)信任，信赖b  the state of being relied on 受信赖 2  a confident expectation 信心；希望 3  a  a thing or person committed to one's care 受托物；受托人b  the resulting obligation or responsibility (因受托而产生的)义务，责任  am in a position of trust  我得担负受托的责任 have fulfilled my trust  已完成我的受托义务 4  a person or thing confided in 受信赖的人(或事物)；寄托  is our sole trust  是我们唯一的寄托 5  reliance on the truth of a statement etc. without examination (不经检验就对某种说法等的真实性产生的)信任；相信 6  commercial credit 商业信贷  obtained goods on trust  信贷购物 7 Law 【法律】  a  confidence placed in a person by making that person the nominal owner of property to be used for another's benefit 信托，财产信托(指定某人为财产名义上的拥有人，而受益的人是另外的人)b  the right of the latter to benefit by such property 受益人对信托财产的应享权利c  the property so held 信托的财产d  the legal relation between the holder and the property so held (受托人与信托财产之间的)法律关系 8  a  a body of trustees 受托团体b  an organization managed by trustees 信托机构c  an organized association of several companies for the purpose of reducing or defeating competition etc., esp. one in which all or most of the stock is transferred to a central committee and shareholders lose their voting power although remaining entitled to profits 托拉斯(为了减少或消除竞争而由几家公司共同组成的垄断企业，在这种企业里，全部或大部分股票被转让给一个中央理事会，持股人虽然仍享有分利权，但失去了投票决策的权力) ●v.  1 tr.  place trust in; believe in; rely on the character or behaviour of 信任，信赖；相信；依靠 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  allow (a person) to have or use (a thing) from confidence in its proper use 把(某事)委托给(某人)照顾  was reluctant to trust them with my books  不愿意把我的书托付给他们 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  have faith or confidence or hope that a thing will take place 确信；希望；盼望(某事会发生)  I trust you will not be late  我确信你不会迟到的 I trust that she is recovering  我相信她正在康复中 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  consign (a thing) to (a person) with trust 把(某物)托付给(某人) 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  allow credit to (a customer) for (goods) 允许(顾客)赊购(货物) 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  place reliance in 相信；信任，信赖  we trust in you  我们相信你 7 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  place (esp. undue) reliance on (尤指不适当地)依靠，依赖  shall have to trust to luck  不得不靠运气了 □ in trust  Law  held on the basis of trust (see sense 7 of n. 见作名词时的释义 7) 【法律】受托保管中□ on trust   1  on credit 赊账 2  on the basis of trust or confidence 在信任或有信心的基础上□ take on trust   accept (an assertion, claim, etc.) without evidence or investigation (没有证据或未经调查就)盲目接受；轻信(声明、主张等)□ trustable  adj.  □ truster  n.   [Middle English troste, truste from Old Norse traust, from traustr ‘strong’: the verb from Old Norse treysta, assimilated to the noun]

trustbuster /ˈtrʌs(t)bʌstə/ n. esp. US  a person or agency employed to dissolve trusts [尤美]要求解散托拉斯组织的人(或机构)

trust company n.  a company formed to act as a trustee or to deal with trusts 信托公司

trustee /trʌsˈti:/ n.  1 Law  a person or member of a board given control or powers of administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the purposes specified 【法律】托管财产管理人；托管财产管理会成员 2  a state made responsible for the government of an area 托管国 □ trusteeship  n.  受托人的职责(或权限)；托管统治

trustful /ˈtrʌs(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  full of trust or confidence 充满信任的；充满自信的 2  not feeling or showing suspicion 轻信的 □ trustfully  adv.  □ trustfulness  n.  

trust fund n.  a fund of money etc. held in trust 信托基金

trustie var.  of TRUSTY  n. TRUSTY 名词的变体

trusting /ˈtrʌstiŋ/ adj.  having trust, esp. being trustful by nature 充满信任的；轻信的；(尤指天性上)轻易相信别人的 □ trustingly  adv.  □ trustingness  n.  

trust territory n.  a territory under the trusteeship of the United Nations or of a state designated by them 托管领土(联合国或由联合国指定某一国家托管的领土)

trustworthy /ˈtrʌs(t)wɜ:ði/ adj.  deserving of trust; reliable 值得信任的；可信赖的；可依靠的 □ trustworthily  adv.  □ trustworthiness  n.  

trusty /ˈtrʌsti/ adj. & n. ●adj. (trustier, trustiest)  1 archaic or joc.  trustworthy [古义] [诙]值得信任的；可信的；可靠的  a trusty steed  一匹可信赖的战马 2 archaic  loyal (to a sovereign) [古义]忠心的；忠君的  my trusty subjects  我忠心的臣民们 ●n. (also 亦作 trustie) (pl. -ies)  a prisoner who is given special privileges for good behaviour (因表现好而给予特别优待以使其起示范作用的)模范犯人 □ trustily  adv.  □ trustiness  n.  

truth /tru:θ/ n. (pl. truths /tru:ðz, tru:θs/)  1  the quality or a state of being true or truthful 真实；真实性  doubted the truth of the statement  怀疑那一说法的真实性 there may be some truth in it  那事可能有些真实的成分 2  a  what is true 事实，真相  tell us the whole truth  把真相整个儿告诉我们 the truth is that I forgot  事实上是我忘了b  what is accepted as true 真理  one of the fundamental truths  基本的真理之一 □ in truth  literary  truly, really [文学用语]的确，事实上□ to tell the truth (or truth to tell)   to be frank 坦率地说，老实说 [Old English trīewth, trēowth (as TRUE)]

truth drug n.  any of various drugs supposedly able to induce a person to tell the truth (据说能使人吐露真话的)吐真药

truthful /ˈtru:θfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  habitually speaking the truth 习惯于讲真话的；坦率的 2 (of a story etc.) true (故事等)真实的 3 (of a likeness etc.) corresponding to reality (指相似物等)如实的；逼真的 □ truthfully  adv.  □ truthfulness  n.  

truth table n.  a list indicating the truth or falsity of various propositions in logic etc. (逻辑学等的)真假值表

try /trai/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  make an effort with a view to success 设法；尽量 often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.; colloq. [口] foll. by 后跟 and + infin.: tried to be on time  尽量准时 try and be early  尽量早点 I shall try hard  我将尽量努力 2 tr.  make an effort to achieve 努力，尽力；试图；尝试  tried my best  尽了我最大的努力 had better try something easier  最好试一下更容易的事情 3 tr.  a  test (the quality of a thing) by use or experiment 试用；实验b  test the qualities of (a person or thing) 试，尝试  try it before you buy  你在买之前先试一下 4 tr.  make severe demands on (a person, quality, etc.) 对(人、质量等)进行考验；提出严格要求  my patience has been sorely tried  我的耐心受到了严峻考验 5 tr.  examine the effectiveness or usefulness of for a purpose 检验；试验  try cold water  检验冷水 try the off-licence  查验外卖酒类执照 have you tried kicking it?  你试过用脚踢吗？ 6 tr.  ascertain the state of fastening of (a door, window, etc.) 试着推(门、窗等)看是否关紧 7 tr.  a  investigate and decide (a case or issue) judicially 审理，审判(案子)；决断(问题)b  subject (a person) to trial 使(某人)受审  will be tried for murder  将因谋杀罪受到审判 8 tr.  make an experiment in order to find out 试验；验证  let us try which takes longest  我们验证一下哪一个花的时间最长 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  a  apply or compete for 试用；争取b  seek to reach or attain 企图达到；立志要  am going to try for a gold medal  我立志要夺一枚金牌 10 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  extract (oil) from fat by heating (通过加热从脂肪中)提炼(油)b  treat (fat) in this way 提取(油脂) 11 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  smooth (roughly planed wood) with a plane to give an accurately flat surface 使(粗糙的木头平面)光滑平整 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  an effort to accomplish something; an attempt 试，尝试；试图；努力  give it a try  试一下吧 2 Rugby  the act of touching the ball down behind the opposing goal line, scoring points and entitling the scoring side to a kick at goal 【英式橄榄球】在对方球门线后带球触地得分(并可获得踢定位球的权利) 3 Amer. Football  an attempt to score an extra point in various ways after a touchdown 【美式橄榄球】触地得分 □ try conclusions with   see 见 CONCLUSION □ try a fall with   contend with 与…竞争(或争论)□ try for size   try out or test for suitability 试其是否合适□ try one's hand   see how skilful one is, esp. at the first attempt (尤指第一次)让某人试试，做来看看□ try it on  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  test another's patience 试试看 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  attempt to outwit, deceive, or seduce another person 耍弄；欺骗；勾引□ try on   put on (clothes etc.) to see if they fit or suit the wearer 试穿(衣服等)□ try out   1  put to the test 试用；试验；考验 2  test thoroughly 彻底检验 [Middle English, = separate, distinguish, etc., from Old French trier ‘sift’, of unknown origin]■Usage 用法说明 Use of the verb try with and (see sense 1 above) is uncommon in the past tense and in negative contexts (except in the imperative, e.g. Don't try and get the better of me). 动词 try 与 and 一起使用(见上面释义 1) 在过去时态和否定句里并不常见(祈使句例外，如 Don't try and get the better of me (不要试图超过我)) 。 

trying /ˈtraiiŋ/ adj.  annoying, vexatious; hard to endure 恼人的，令人厌烦的；难以忍受的 □ tryingly  adv.  

trying-plane n.  a plane used in trying (see 见 TRY v. 11) 试用飞机

try-on n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  an act of trying it on 试穿；试用 2  an attempt to fool or deceive 欺骗；骗局

try-out n.  an experimental test of efficiency, popularity, etc. (对效率、知名度等的)试验；测试

trypanosome /ˈtrip(ə)nəsəʊm, triˈpænə-/ n. Med.  any protozoan parasite of the genus Trypanosoma having a long trailing flagellum and infesting the blood etc. 【医】锥虫，锥体虫(一种有着长尾鞭节，侵扰血液等的原生寄生虫) [Greek trupanon ‘borer’ + -SOME3]

trypanosomiasis /ˌtrip(ə)nəsəˈmaiəsis, triˌpænə-/ n.  any of several diseases caused by a trypanosome and usu. transmitted by biting insects, including sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease 锥虫病(由锥虫引起的各种疾病，常由蚊虫叮咬传染所致)

trypsin /ˈtripsin/ n.  a digestive enzyme which hydrolyses proteins, secreted by the pancreas 胰蛋白酶(使蛋白质产生水解作用的消化酶，由胰腺分泌) □ tryptic  adj.   [Greek tripsis ‘friction’ from tribō ‘rub’ (because it was first obtained by rubbing down the pancreas with glycerine)]

trypsinogen /tripˈsinədʒ(ə)n/ n.  a substance in the pancreas from which trypsin is formed 胰蛋白酶原(胰腺中形成胰蛋白酶的一种物质)

tryptophan /ˈtriptəfæn/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid essential in the diet of vertebrates 【生化】色氨酸(脊椎动物日常食物中一种主要的氨基酸) [as TRYPSIN + -phan from Greek phainō ‘appear’]

trysail /ˈtrais(ə)l/ n.  a small strong fore-and-aft sail set on the mainmast or other mast of a sailing vessel in heavy weather (恶劣天气时行船用的)斜桁纵帆

try-scorer n.  a rugby player who has scored a try or esp. a significant number of tries (橄榄球运动中的)带球触地得分手  record try-scorer  记录得分手 □ try-scoring  n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  带球触地得分(的)

try-square n.  a carpenter's square, usu. with one wooden and one metal limb (木工的)检验角尺，曲尺

tryst /trist/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  1  a time and place for a meeting, esp. of lovers (约会，尤指情人幽会的)时间和地点 2  such a meeting 约会；幽会  keep a tryst  守约见某人 break one's tryst  毁约不见某人 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  make a tryst 和…约会(或幽会) □ tryster  n.   [Middle English, variant of obsolete trist ‘an appointed station in hunting’, from French triste or medieval Latin trista, tristra]

tsar /zɑ:, tsɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 czar, tzar)  1 hist.  the title of the former emperors of Russia [史义]沙皇(沙俄的皇帝) 2  a person with great authority 大权独揽者，独裁者 □ tsardom  n.  □ tsarism  n.  □ tsarist  n. & adj.   [Russian tsar ′ , ultimately from Latin Caesar]

tsarevich /ˈzɑ:rivitʃ, ˈtsɑ:r-, tsɑ:ˈrjeivitʃ/ n. (also 亦作 czarevich) hist.  the eldest son of an emperor of Russia [史义] (俄国沙皇的)太子，皇储 [Russian tsarevich ‘son of a tsar’]

tsarina /zɑ:ˈri:nə, tsɑ:ˈri:nə/ n. (also 亦作 czarina, tzarina) hist.  the title of the former empress of Russia [史义] (沙俄的)女沙皇；沙皇皇后 [Italian & Spanish (c)zarina from German Czarin, Zarin, fem. of Czar, Zar]

tsessebi /tseˈseibi/ n. (also 亦作 sassaby /səˈsei-/)  a race of the topi (antelope) found in eastern and southern Africa (东非和南非的一种)羚羊 [Setswana]

tsetse /ˈtsetsi, ˈtetsi/ n.  any fly of the genus Glossina native to Africa, that feeds on human and animal blood with a needle-like proboscis and transmits trypanosomiasis 舌蝇，采采蝇(非洲的一种长着针形喙的蝇，以人和动物的血为食，传播锥虫病) [Setswana]

TSH abbr. [缩略]  1  thyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲状腺激素 2  Their Serene Highnesses 尊贵的殿下

T-shirt /ˈti:ʃɜ:t/ n. (also 亦作 tee shirt)  a short-sleeved casual top, usu. of knitted cotton and having the form of a T when spread out T 恤衫(呈 T 字形的短袖圆领休闲衫，常为棉布织物)

tsk /tsk/ int., n. & v. (also 亦作 tsk tsk)  = TUT(see 见 TUT-TUT) 

tsp abbr. (pl. tsps or same 单复同)  teaspoonful [缩略]一茶匙

T-square n.  a T-shaped instrument for drawing or testing right angles (画直角或检测直角的) T 形尺，丁字尺

TSS abbr.  toxic shock syndrome [缩略]中毒休克综合症

tsunami /tsu:ˈnɑ:mi/ n. (pl. tsunamis)  a long high sea wave caused by underwater earthquakes or other disturbances Also called 亦称作 tidal wave (由海底地震或其他震动所引起的)海啸，地震海啸 [Japanese, from tsu ‘harbour’ + nami ‘wave’]

Tswana /ˈtswɑ:nə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a southern African people living in Botswana and neighbouring areas 茨瓦纳族(居住在博茨瓦纳及其附近地区的南非人) 2 (pl. same 单复同 or Tswanas or Batswana /bəˈtswɑ:nə/)  a member of this people 茨瓦纳族人 3 (also 亦作 Setswana /seˈtswɑ:nə/)  the Bantu language of this people 茨瓦纳语(茨瓦纳人说的班图语) ●adj.  of or relating to the Tswana or their language 茨瓦纳人的；茨瓦纳语的 [native name]■Usage 用法说明 Setswana is now preferred to Tswana as the name of the language (see sense 3 above). 作为该语言的名称，现在 Setswana 比 Tswana 用得更多(见上面释义 3) 。 

TT abbr. [缩略]  1  Tourist Trophy 旅游纪念品 2  tuberculin-tested  3  a  teetotal b  teetotaller 

TU abbr. [缩略]  Trade Union 

Tu. abbr. [缩略]  Tuesday 

tuatara /tu:əˈtɑ:rə, tju:-/ n.  a large lizard-like reptile, Sphenodon punctatum, unique to certain small islands of New Zealand, having a crest of soft spines extending along its back 斑点楔齿蜥(体形较大的蜥蜴类爬行动物，为新西兰某些小岛所特有) [Maori, from tua ‘on the back’ + tara ‘spine’]

tub /tʌb/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an open flat-bottomed usu. round container for various purposes (敞口、平底、常呈圆形的、作各种用途的)盆；桶 2  a tub-shaped (usu. plastic) carton (桶形的)塑料杯；纸杯 3  the amount a tub will hold 一盆(或一桶)的容量 4 colloq.  a bath [口]盆浴 5  a colloq.  a clumsy slow boat [口]笨重而行驶缓慢的船，老爷船b  a stout roomy boat for rowing practice (训练用的)赛艇 6 Mining  a container for conveying ore, coal, etc. 【采矿学】矿车；运煤车 ●v. (tubbed, tubbing)  1 tr. & intr.  plant, bathe, or wash in a tub 把…种在盆里；把…放在盆里洗；洗盆浴 2 tr.  enclose in a tub 把…放在桶里 3 tr.  line (a mine shaft) with a wooden or iron casing 用木制或铁制支架支撑(矿井) □ tubbable  adj. (in sense 1 of v. 用于动词释义 1)  □ tubful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一满盆；一满缸 [Middle English, probably of Low German or Dutch origin: cf. Middle Low German, Middle Dutch tubbe]

tuba /ˈtju:bə/ n. (pl. tubas)  1  a  a low-pitched brass wind instrument 低音大号b  its player 低音大号手 2  an organ stop with the quality of a tuba 管风琴的簧管音栓 [Italian from Latin, = trumpet]

tubal /ˈtju:b(ə)l/ adj. Anat.  of or relating to a tube, esp. the bronchial or Fallopian tubes 【解】管的；(尤指)支气管的或输卵管的

tubby /ˈtʌbi/ adj. (tubbier, tubbiest)  1 (of a person) short and fat; tub-shaped (人)粗短的；矮胖的；桶状的 2 (of a violin) dull-sounding, lacking resonance (指提琴)发钝音的，缺少回响的 □ tubbiness  n.  

tub chair n.  a chair with solid arms continuous with a usu. semicircular back (有扶手和半圆形靠背的)安乐椅

tube /tju:b/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long hollow rigid or flexible cylinder, esp. for holding or carrying air, liquids, etc. 管，管子(尤指输送气体、液体等物的长管子) 2  a soft metal or plastic cylinder sealed at one end and having a screw cap at the other, for holding a semi-liquid substance ready for use (一端封闭另一端有螺旋盖，用以盛放半液态物质的金属或塑料)软管  a tube of toothpaste  一管牙膏 3 Anat. & Zool.  a hollow cylindrical organ in the body 【解】【动】(体内的)管状器官，管  bronchial tubes  支气管 Fallopian tubes  输卵管 4 Brit. colloq. [英口]  a (often prec. by 常前接 the)  an underground railway system, esp. the one in London 地铁(尤指伦敦的地铁)  went by tube  乘地铁去的b (in full 全称 tube train)  a train running on such a system 地铁列车 5  a  a cathode ray tube esp. in a television set (尤指电视机的)阴极射线管b (prec. by 前接 the) esp. US colloq.  television [尤美口]电视；电视机 6 US  a thermionic valve [美]热离子管 7  = INNER TUBE  8  the cylindrical body of a wind instrument (管风琴的)管身 9 Austral. slang  a can of beer [澳] [俚语]一罐啤酒 ●v. tr.  1  equip with tubes 给…装上管子 2  enclose in a tube 把…装进管子 □ tubeless  adj. (esp. in sense 7 of n. 尤用于名词释义 7)  □ tubelike  adj.   [French tube or Latin tubus]

tubectomy /tju:ˈbektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube 输卵管切除

tuber /ˈtju:bə/ n.  1  a  the short thick rounded part of a stem or rhizome, usu. found underground and covered with modified buds, e.g. in a potato 块茎(植物主干或根茎上的短而厚的圆形部分，常埋于地下，有芽体长出，如马铃薯的块茎)b  the similar root of a dahlia etc. (大丽花等植物的)根茎 2 Anat.  a lump or swelling 【解】结节；隆起；肿块 [Latin, = hump, swelling]

tubercle /ˈtju:bək(ə)l/ n.  1  a small rounded protuberance esp. on a bone (尤指骨头上的)小瘤 2  a small rounded inflamed swelling on the body or in an organ, esp. a nodular lesion characteristic of tuberculosis in the lungs etc. (身体上或器官里的)结节；肿块；(尤指肺上的结核病变) 3  a small tuber; a wartlike growth 小结节；瘤状物 □ tuberculate  /-ˈbɜ:kjʊlət/ adj.  □ tuberculous  /-ˈbɜ:kjʊləs/ adj.   [Latin tuberculum, diminutive of tuber: see TUBER]

tubercle bacillus n.  a bacterium causing tuberculosis 结核菌，结核分支杆菌

tubercular /tjʊˈbɜ:kjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or having tubercles or tuberculosis (有)结核的；(有)结核病的 ●n.  a person with tuberculosis 结核病患者 [Latin tuberculum (as TUBERCLE)]

tuberculation /tjʊˌbɜ:kjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the formation of tubercles 结核形成 2  a growth of tubercles 结节生长 [Latin tuberculum (as TUBERCLE)]

tuberculin /tjʊˈbɜ:kjʊlin/ n.  a sterile protein extract from cultures of tubercle bacillus, used in the diagnosis and (formerly) the treatment of tuberculosis 结核菌素(从培养的结核杆菌中提炼出的一种无菌蛋白质，用于诊断、也曾用于治疗结核病) [Latin tuberculum (as TUBERCLE)]

tuberculin test n.  a hypodermic injection of tuberculin to detect infection with or immunity from tuberculosis 结核菌素检验(结核菌素的一种皮下注射，以检验结核病的感染情况或免疫情况)

tuberculin-tested adj. (of milk) from cows giving a negative response to a tuberculin test (牛奶)经结核菌素检验的

tuberculosis /tjʊˌbɜ:kjʊˈləʊsis/ n.  an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by tubercles, esp. in the lungs (see also PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS) 结核(病)；肺结核(由杆菌引起的感染病)

tuberose1 /ˈtju:bərəʊs/ adj.  1  covered with tubers; knobby 有块茎的；多节的 2  of or resembling a tuber 块茎的；结节的；结节状的 3  bearing tubers 有结节的 □ tuberosity  /-ˈrɒsiti/ n.  块茎性；结节；粗隆 [Latin tuberosus from TUBER]

tuberose2 /ˈtju:bərəʊz/ n.  a plant, Polianthes tuberosa, native to Mexico, having heavily scented white funnel-like flowers and strap-shaped leaves 晚香玉，月下香(一种产于墨西哥的植物，香味浓郁，开白色漏斗状花，长条形树叶) [Latin tuberosa, fem. of tuberosus (as TUBEROSE1)]

tuberous /ˈtju:b(ə)rəs/ adj.  = TUBEROSE1  [French tubéreux or Latin tuberosus from TUBER]

tuberous root n.  a thick and fleshy root like a tuber but without buds 块根(块茎上的粗肉形根，但没有芽体)

tube train  see 见 TUBE n. 4b 

tube worm n.  a worm which constructs or secretes a tube in which it lives 管虫(修筑管状洞穴而栖居的虫子)

tubifex /ˈtju:bifeks/ n.  any red annelid worm of the genus Tubifex, found in mud at the bottom of rivers and lakes and used as food for aquarium fish Also called 亦称作 bloodworm 颤蚓，水丝蚓(栖居于河底或湖底泥中的红色环节状虫子，可用作鱼缸养鱼的食物) [modern Latin, from Latin tubus ‘tube’ + -fex from facere ‘make’]

tubiform /ˈtju:bifɔ:m/ adj.  tube-shaped 管状的，管式的

tubing /ˈtju:biŋ/ n.  1  a length of tube 一根管子 2  a quantity of tubes 管道(系统)

tub-thumper n. colloq.  a ranting preacher or orator [口]慷慨激昂的讲道者(或演讲者) □ tubthumping  adj. & n.  

tubular /ˈtju:bjʊlə/ adj.  1  tube-shaped 管状的，管式的 2  having or consisting of tubes 有管的；由管构成的 3 (of furniture etc.) made of tubular pieces (指家具等)由管件做成的

tubular bells n. pl.  an orchestral instrument consisting of a row of vertically suspended metal tubes that are struck with a hammer 管钟(用锤子敲击的乐器，由一排悬挂着的金属管组成)

tubular tyre n.  a completely enclosed tyre cemented on to the wheel rim, used esp. on racing bicycles 管式胎(尤指镶在自行车赛车轮缘上的全封闭轮胎)

tubule /ˈtju:bju:l/ n.  a small tube in a plant or an animal body (植物或动物体中的)小管，细管 [Latin tubulus, diminutive of tubus ‘tube’]

tubulous /ˈtju:bjʊləs/ adj.  = TUBULAR 1 

TUC abbr. [缩略] (in the UK) Trades Union Congress 

tuck /tʌk/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 in, up)  a  draw, fold, or turn the outer or end parts of (cloth or clothes etc.) close together so as to be held; thrust in the edge of (a thing) so as to confine it 把(衣服等)的边塞到下面(或里面)；把(某物)折起(或叠拢)；使挤在一起  tucked his shirt into his trousers  他把衬衣下摆塞进裤子里 tucked the sheet under the mattress  把床单(伸出的部分)折到垫子下b  thrust in the edges of bedclothes around (a person) 用被子把(某人)裹住；把(某人)舒适地盖(或裹)在里面  came to tuck me in  过来把我裹在里面 2  draw together into a small space 把…塞进狭窄的空间；把…夹入  tucked her legs under her  她盘腿而坐 the bird tucked its head under its wing  鸟把头埋在翅膀下 3  stow (a thing) away in a specified place or way 把(某物)藏起来，收藏  tucked it in a corner  把它藏在角落里 tucked it out of sight  把它藏起来不让人看见 4  a  make a stitched fold in (material, a garment, etc.) 在(材料、衣物等)上缝褶裥b  shorten, tighten, or ornament with stitched folds 缩拢；皱紧；用褶裥装饰 5 Brit.  hit (a ball) to the desired place [英]把(球)击到理想位置 ●n.  1  a flattened usu. stitched fold in material, a garment, etc., often one of several parallel folds for shortening, tightening, or ornament (材料、衣物等的)褶，裥；打褶，打裥(常为了缩拢、皱紧或装饰) 2 Brit. colloq.  food, esp. cakes and sweets eaten by children [英口]食物(尤指孩子吃的糕点和糖果) also attrib. 亦作定语 : tuck box  食品盒，糖果盒 3 Naut.  the part of a ship's hull where the planks meet under the stern 【海】船尾突出部 4 (in full 全称 tuck position) (in diving, gymnastics, etc.) a position with the knees bent upwards into the chest and the hands clasped round the shins (跳水、体操等运动中的)抱膝姿势；团身姿势 □ tuck in  Brit. colloq.  eat food heartily [英口]痛快地吃喝，大口地吃喝□ tuck into (or away)  colloq.  eat (food) heartily [口]痛快地吃喝，大口地吃喝  tucked into their dinner  开怀大吃 could really tuck it away  确实能把它全吃掉 [Middle English tukke, tokke, from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German tucken, = Old High German zucchen ‘pull’: related to TUG]

tucker /ˈtʌkə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person or thing that tucks 打裥者；打裥装置 2 hist.  a piece of lace or linen etc. in or on a woman's bodice [史义] (女人袒胸衣上的)花边(或罗纱) 3 Austral. colloq.  food [澳口]食物 ●v. tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 out) N. Amer. colloq.  tire, exhaust [北美口]使疲倦；使筋疲力尽 □ best bib and tucker   see 见 BIB1 

tucker-bag n. (also 亦作 tucker-box) Austral. & NZ colloq.  a container for food [澳新口]食品袋，粮食袋

tucket /ˈtʌkit/ n. archaic  a flourish on a trumpet [古义]嘹亮的喇叭声 [Old Norman French toquer ‘beat’ (a drum)]

tuck-in n. Brit. colloq.  a large meal [英口]丰盛的一餐，盛宴

tucking /ˈtʌkiŋ/ n.  a series of usu. stitched tucks in material or a garment (材料或衣服上的)系列褶裥

tuck-net n. (also 亦作 tuck-seine)  a small net for taking caught fish from a larger net (从大围网中捞出鱼的)抄网，兜网

tuck position  see 见 TUCK n. 4 

tuck shop n. Brit.  a small shop, esp. near or in a school, selling food to children [英] (尤指学校内或其附近给孩子零售食品的)糖果食品店

-tude /tju:d/ suffix  forming abstract nouns (altitude 海拔；海拔高度 ; attitude 态度 ; solitude 孤独) 构成抽象名词 [from or suggested by French -tude from Latin -tudo -tudinis]

Tudor /ˈtju:də/ adj. & n. hist. [史义] ●adj.  1  of, characteristic of, or associated with the royal family of England ruling 1485 － 1603 or this period 都铎王朝(的) (1485 至 1603 年统治英国的王室) 2  of or relating to the architectural style of this period, esp. with half-timbering and elaborately decorated houses 都铎式建筑风格的(尤指半木结构、雕饰精细的建筑物) ●n.  a member of the Tudor royal family 都铎王室成员 [Owen Tudor of Wales, grandfather of Henry VII]

Tudorbethan /tju:dəˈbi:θ(ə)n/ adj. (of a house etc.) imitating Tudor and Elizabethan styles in design (房屋等在设计风格上)仿都铎式与伊丽莎白式的 [blend of TUDOR and ELIZABETHAN]

Tudor rose n. (in late Perpendicular decoration) a conventionalized five-lobed figure of a rose, esp. a combination of the red and white roses of Lancaster and York adopted as a badge by Henry VII 都铎玫瑰花饰(指垂直式装饰风格晚期的一种五叶玫瑰构成的图形，尤指亨利七世曾采纳用作王徽的红白玫瑰的组合图形)

Tues. abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Tue.)  Tuesday 

Tuesday /ˈtju:zdei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the third day of the week, following Monday 星期二(一周的第三天) ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Tuesday 在星期二 2 (作 Tuesdays)  on Tuesdays; each Tuesday 每逢星期二，在每个星期二 [Old English Tīwesdœg from Tīw, the Germanic god identified with Roman Mars]

tufa /ˈtu:fə, ˈtju:fə/ n.  1  a porous rock composed of calcium carbonate and formed round mineral springs 泉华，石灰华(在矿泉水周围形成的多孔岩石含有碳酸钙) 2  = TUFF  □ tufaceous  /-ˈfeiʃəs/ adj.   [Italian, variant of tufo: see TUFF]

tuff /tʌf/ n.  rock formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash 凝灰岩(火山灰凝固后形成的岩石) □ tuffaceous  /-ˈfeiʃəs/ adj.   [French tuf, tuffe via Italian tufo from Late Latin tofus, Latin TOPHUS]

tuffet /ˈtʌfit/ n.  1  = TUFT 1  2  a low seat 矮凳 [variant of TUFT]

tuft /tʌft/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a bunch or collection of threads, grass, feathers, hair, etc., held or growing together at the base (线、草、羽毛、头发等的)一束；一丛；一簇 2 Anat.  a bunch of small blood vessels 【解】细血管丛 ●v.  1 tr.  provide with a tuft or tufts 用丛毛装饰 2 tr.  make depressions at regular intervals in (a mattress etc.) by passing a thread through (每隔一定距离)用线束钉住(褥子等) 3 intr.  grow in tufts 丛生，簇生 □ tufty  adj.   [Middle English, probably from Old French tofe, toffe, of unknown origin: for -t cf. GRAFT1]

tufted /ˈtʌftid/ adj.  1  having or growing in a tuft or tufts 成簇的；丛生的，簇生的 2 (of a bird) having a tuft of feathers on the head (鸟)头顶有一簇羽毛的，有冠的

tufted duck n.  a small freshwater duck, Aythya fuligula, of the Old World, with black or brown plumage and a drooping crest 凤头鸭(体形较小、产于欧洲的淡水鸭，羽毛呈黑色或棕色，羽冠低垂)

tug /tʌɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (tugged, tugging)  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 at) intr.  pull hard or violently; jerk 用力拖(或拉)；猛拉；急抽  tugged it from my grasp  猛地从我手中抽走 tugged at my sleeve  使劲拉着我的袖子 2 tr.  tow (a ship etc.) by means of a tugboat 用拖船拖(或拉) ●n.  1  a hard, violent, or jerky pull 猛拉；使劲拖(或拉)  gave a tug on the rope  猛力拉了一下绳子 2  a sudden strong emotional feeling (强烈的情感上的)抽动，抽搐  felt a tug as I watched them go  当我看着他们离去时，我感到心中一阵抽搐 3  a small powerful boat for towing larger boats and ships 拖船 4  an aircraft towing a glider (滑翔机的)拖航飞机 5 (of a horse's harness) a loop from a saddle supporting a shaft or trace (马具上的)套环，挽绳 □ tugger  n.   [Middle English togge, tugge, from Germanic: related to TOW1]

tugboat /ˈtʌɡbəʊt/ n.  = TUGn. 3 

tug of love n. Brit. colloq.  a dispute over the custody of a child [英口] (离婚的父母对孩子的)监护权的争夺，“爱之拔河”

tug-of-war n.  1  a trial of strength between two sides pulling against each other on a rope 拔河比赛(在双方之间进行绳索对拉的力量比赛) 2  a decisive or severe contest 决定性的斗争；激烈的争夺

tui /ˈtu:i/ n. NZ  a large honeyeater, Prosthemadura novaeseelandiae, native to New Zealand, having glossy bluish-black plumage with two white tufts at the throat [新]蜜雀(新西兰的食花蜜的雀鸟，羽毛紫色发亮，喉管处有两簇白色羽毛) [Maori]

tuition /tju:ˈiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  teaching or instruction, esp. if paid for (尤指付费的)教学，讲授；指导  driving tuition  驾驶教学 music tuition  音乐指导 2  a fee for this 学费 □ tuitional  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin tuitio -onis, from tuēri tuit- ‘watch, guard’]

tularaemia /t(j)u:ləˈri:miə/ n. (US [美] tularemia)  a severe infectious disease of animals transmissible to man, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella tularense and characterized by ulcers at the site of infection, fever, and loss of weight 土拉菌病，兔热病(由动物传染给人的严重传染病，在被感染的地方会出现溃疡，伴有发烧和体重减轻等特征) □ tularaemic  adj.   [modern Latin from Tulare County in California, where it was first observed]

tulip /ˈtju:lip/ n.  any bulbous spring-flowering plant of the genus Tulipa, esp. one of the many cultivated forms with showy cup-shaped flowers of various colours and markings 郁金香；郁金香花 [originally tulipa(n), from modern Latin tulipa via Turkish tul(i)band from Persian dulband TURBAN (from the shape of the expanded flower)]

tulip-root n.  a disease of oats etc. causing the base of the stem to swell 燕麦线虫病

tulip tree n.  any of various N. American trees of the genus Liriodendron, with tulip-like flowers and lobed leaves (北美的)鹅掌楸(有郁金香似的花和掌状裂叶)

tulipwood /ˈtju:lipwʊd/ n.  a fine-grained pale timber produced by the N. American tree Liriodendron tulipifera (北美鹅掌楸的)细条纹木材

tulle /t(j)u:l/ n.  a soft fine silk etc. net for veils and dresses 绢网；薄纱；丝网眼纱 [Tulle, a town in SW France, where it was first made]

tum /tʌm/ n. Brit. colloq.  stomach [英口]胃，肚子 [abbreviation of TUMMY]

tumble /ˈtʌmb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  fall or cause to fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong 跌倒；使跌倒；摔下；滚下 2 intr.  fall rapidly in amount etc. (数量等的)猛跌，暴跌  prices tumbled  价格暴跌 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, around)  roll or toss erratically or helplessly to and fro 打滚，翻滚 4 intr.  move or rush in a headlong or blundering manner 跌跌撞撞地走；匆忙地出来  the children tumbled out of the car  孩子们匆忙地从车里出来 5 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  grasp the meaning or hidden implication of an idea, circumstance, etc. [口] (突然)明白，领悟(隐含意思)；认清(形势、情况等)  they quickly tumbled to our intentions  他们很快明白了我们的意图 6 tr.  overturn; fling or push roughly or carelessly 倒塌，坍塌；乱扔，乱抛 7 intr.  perform acrobatic feats, esp. somersaults 翻跟斗，(尤指杂技演员)作翻跟斗表演 8 tr.  rumple or disarrange; pull about; disorder 乱放；乱堆；弄乱 9 tr.  dry (washing) in a tumble-dryer 用滚筒干燥机烘干(所洗的衣物) 10 tr.  clean (castings, gemstones, etc.) in a tumbling-barrel 用滚筒给(铸件、宝石等)抛光 11 intr. (of a pigeon) turn over backwards in flight (指鸽子)翻飞 ●n.  1  a sudden or headlong fall (突然)跌倒，摔倒，绊交 2  a somersault or other acrobatic feat 翻跟斗 3  an untidy or confused state 混乱；杂乱的一堆 [Middle English tumbel from Middle Low German tummelen, Old High German tumalōn, frequentative of tūmōn: cf. Old English tumbian ‘to dance’]

tumbledown /ˈtʌmb(ə)ldaʊn/ adj.  falling or fallen into ruin; dilapidated 摇摇欲坠的；破败不堪的

tumble-dryer n. (also 亦作 tumble-drier)  a machine for drying washing in a heated rotating drum (洗衣服等用的)滚筒式烘干机 □ tumble-dry  v. tr. & intr. (-dries, -dried)  

tumbler /ˈtʌmblə/ n.  1  a drinking glass with no handle or foot (formerly with a rounded bottom so as not to stand upright) (无柄或无脚的)平底玻璃杯 2  an acrobat, esp. one performing somersaults (尤指表演翻跟斗的)杂技演员 3 (in full 全称 tumbler-dryer)  = TUMBLE-DRYER  4  a  a pivoted piece in a lock that holds the bolt until lifted by a key (锁的)制栓b  a notched pivoted plate in a gunlock (枪的)机心，锁心 5  a kind of pigeon that turns over backwards in flight 翻头鸽 6  an electrical switch worked by pushing a small sprung lever 转向开关 7  a toy figure that rocks when touched 不倒翁(玩具) 8  = TUMBLING-BARREL  □ tumblerful  n. (pl. -fuls)  一平底玻璃杯的容量

tumbleweed /ˈtʌmb(ə)lwi:d/ n. N. Amer. & Austral.  a plant of arid areas, esp. Amaranthus albus, that forms a globular bush that breaks off in late summer and is tumbled about by the wind [北美澳]风滚草(干旱地区植物，在夏末形成球状体，随风四处滚动)

tumbling-barrel n. (also 亦作 tumbling-box etc.)  a revolving device containing an abrasive substance, in which castings, gemstones, etc., are cleaned by friction 滚转筒，滚净筒(具磨蚀作用的滚动装置，通过摩擦可给铸件、宝石等抛光)

tumbling-bay n.  1  the outfall of a river, reservoir, etc. (河流、水库等的)泄流堰 2  a pool into which this flows 静水池

tumbril /ˈtʌmbr(ə)l, -bril/ n. (also 亦作 tumbrel) hist. [史义]  1  an open cart in which condemned persons were conveyed to their execution, esp. to the guillotine during the French Revolution (尤指法国大革命期间押送死刑犯去断头台的)死囚押送车 2  a two-wheeled covered cart for carrying tools, ammunition, etc. (运输工具和弹药等的)军用两轮车 3  a cart that tips to empty its load, esp. one carrying dung 翻卸式运输车(尤指运送粪肥) [Middle English from Old French tumberel, tomberel, from tomber ‘to fall’]

tumefy /ˈtju:mifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  swell, inflate; be inflated 肿胀；胀大 2 tr.  cause to do this 使胀大 □ tumefacient  /-ˈfeiʃ(ə)nt/ adj.  □ tumefaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French tuméfier from Latin tumefacere, from tumēre ‘swell’]

tumescent /tjʊˈmes(ə)nt/ adj.  1  becoming tumid; swelling 稍许肿胀的；略肿大的 2  swelling as a response to sexual stimulation (作为对性刺激反应的)性器官充血肿胀的 □ tumescence  n.  □ tumescently  adv.   [Latin tumescere (as TUMEFY)]

tumid /ˈtju:mid/ adj.  1 (of parts of the body etc.) swollen, inflated (指身体某些部位)肿胀的，肿大的 2 (of a style etc.) inflated, bombastic (指艺术风格等)浮华的，浮夸的 □ tumidity  /-ˈmiditi/ n.  □ tumidly  adv.   [Latin tumidus from tumēre ‘swell’]

tummy /ˈtʌmi/ n. (pl. -ies) colloq.  the stomach [口]胃，肚子 [childish pronunciation of STOMACH]

tummy button n.  the navel 脐，肚脐

tumour /ˈtju:mə/ n. (US [美] tumor)  a swelling, esp. from an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant 肿瘤；肿胀；肿块(尤指肌体组织良性的或恶性的非正常增生) □ tumorous  adj.   [Latin tumor from tumēre ‘swell’]

tumult /ˈtju:mʌlt/ n.  1  an uproar or din, esp. of a disorderly crowd (尤指混乱人群的)吵闹，喧哗 2  an angry demonstration by a mob; a riot; a public disturbance 骚乱；骚动；混乱 3  a conflict of emotions in the mind (心中情绪的)波动，骚动 [Middle English from Old French tumulte or Latin tumultus]

tumultuous /tjʊˈmʌltjʊəs/ adj.  1  noisily vehement; uproarious; making a tumult 吵闹的；喧哗的  a tumultuous welcome  喧闹的欢迎会 2  disorderly 混乱的 3  agitated 骚乱的，骚动的 □ tumultuously  adv.  □ tumultuousness  n.   [Old French tumultuous or Latin tumultuosus (as TUMULT)]

tumulus /ˈtju:mjʊləs/ n. (pl. tumuli /-lai, -li:/)  an ancient burial mound or barrow 冢，古坟 □ tumular  adj.   [Latin from tumēre ‘swell’]

tun /tʌn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large beer or wine cask (装啤酒或葡萄酒的)大酒桶 2  a brewer's fermenting-vat (酿酒用的)发酵桶 3  a measure of capacity, equal to 216 imperial gallons or 252 US gallons 桶(液体计量单位，一桶等于 216 英制加仑或 252 美制加仑) ●v. tr. (tunned, tunning)  store (wine etc.) in a tun 把(酒)装入大酒桶储藏 [Old English tunne from medieval Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin]

tuna1 /ˈtju:nə/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or tunas)  1  any marine fish of the family Scombridae native to tropical and warm waters, having a round body and pointed snout, and used for food Also called 亦称作 TUNNY 金枪鱼(产于热带及温暖水域的海鱼，体圆嘴尖，供食用) 2 (in full 全称 tuna fish)  the flesh of the tuna or tunny, usu. tinned in oil or brine 金枪鱼鱼肉(常用油或盐水制成罐装食品) [American Spanish, from Spanish atún ‘tunny’]

tuna2 /ˈtju:nə/ n.  1  a prickly pear, esp. Opuntia tuna 金枪仙人掌 2  the fruit of this 金枪仙人掌果实 [Spanish from Taino]

tundish /ˈtʌndiʃ/ n.  1  a wooden funnel, used esp. in brewing (尤指酿酒中的)木漏斗 2  an intermediate reservoir in metal-founding (金属铸造中的)中间漏槽，浇铸槽

tundra /ˈtʌndrə/ n.  a vast level treeless Arctic region usu. with a marshy surface and underlying permafrost (极地地区的)冻原，苔原 [Lappish]

tune /tju:n/ n. & v. ●n.  a melody with or without harmony 曲调，曲子；和谐的乐音 ●v.  1 tr.  put (a musical instrument) in tune 为(乐器)调音 2  a tr.  adjust (a radio receiver etc.) to the particular frequency of the required signals 调节(收音机等的)频率(或频道)b intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  adjust a radio receiver to the required signal 调台(收音机)以便听到  tuned in to Radio 2  调到 2 台 3 tr.  adjust (an engine etc.) to run smoothly and efficiently 调整(发动机等)以使其平稳高效地运转 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  adjust or adapt to a required or different purpose, situation, etc. 调整；调节(以适应所需) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  be in harmony with 使和谐；与…和谐一致 □ in tune   1  having the correct pitch or intonation 合调；和谐  sings in tune  很合调地唱着歌 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  harmonizing with one's company, surroundings, etc. (与周围的人、环境等)和睦，和谐□ out of tune   1  not having the correct pitch or intonation 不合调，走调  always plays out of tune  总是弹走调 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  clashing with one's company etc. 不和睦，不和谐□ to the tune of  colloq.  to the considerable sum or amount of [口] (数目或数量)达…之多□ tuned in  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  acquainted; in rapport; up to date (with) [口]熟悉的，了解的；赶时髦的□ tune up   1 (of a musician) bring one's instrument to the proper or uniform pitch (音乐师)为乐器调音 2  begin to play or sing 开始演奏，开始唱 3  bring to the most efficient condition 使发挥到最佳状态□ tunable  adj. (also 亦作 tuneable)   [Middle English: unexplained variant of TONE]

tuneful /ˈtju:nfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  melodious, musical 音调优美的，声音悦耳的；(有关)音乐的 □ tunefully  adv.  □ tunefulness  n.  

tuneless /ˈtju:nlis/ adj.  1  unmelodious, unmusical 不悦耳的；发不出乐音的；无音乐品质的 2  out of tune 不合调的；不和谐的 □ tunelessly  adv.  □ tunelessness  n.  

tuner /ˈtju:nə/ n.  1  a person who tunes musical instruments, esp. pianos (乐器的、尤指钢琴的)调音师 2  a device for tuning a radio receiver 收音机调谐器 3  an electronic device for tuning a guitar etc. (吉他等乐器的)电子调音器

tung /tʌŋ/ n. (in full 全称 tung tree)  a tree of the genus Aleurites, native to China and Japan, bearing poisonous fruits containing seeds that yield oil 油桐树(产于中国和日本，其有毒果籽可产油) [Chinese tong]

tung oil n.  the oil of the tung tree used in paints and varnishes 桐油(油桐树的油，用于油漆)

tungsten /ˈtʌŋst(ə)n/ n. Chem.  a steel-grey dense metallic element with a very high melting point, occurring naturally in scheelite and used for the filaments of electric lamps and for alloying steel etc. (symbol 符 W) 【化】(化学元素)钨(一种熔点极高的灰色金属元素，自然形成于白钨矿中，可用作电灯的灯丝和铸造合金钢等) □ tungstate  /-steit/ n.  □ tungstic  adj.  □ tungstous  adj.   [Swedish, from tung ‘heavy’ + sten ‘stone’]

tungsten carbide n.  a very hard black substance used in making dies and cutting tools 碳化钨(坚硬的黑色物质，可用来制做模具和切削工具)

Tungus /ˈtʊŋʊs, tʊŋˈu:s/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a people of eastern Siberia 通古斯人(西伯利亚东部的一支民族) 2  the Altaic language of this people 通古斯语(阿尔泰语的一个分支) [from Yakut, a Turkic language]

tunic /ˈtju:nik/ n.  1  a  a close-fitting short coat of police or military etc. uniform (警察、军人等穿的)紧身短上衣b  a loose often sleeveless garment usu. reaching to about the knees, as worn in ancient Greece and Rome (古希腊、古罗马时人们穿的一种长及膝盖的)宽松无袖外衣c  a gymslip 无袖制服d  any of various similar loose often mid-thigh length garments, usu. worn over a skirt, blouse, or trousers (任何常穿在裙子、衬衣或裤子外面的)宽松短外衣e  a tunicle (举行圣餐仪式时穿的)短祭袍 2 Zool.  the rubbery outer coat of an ascidian etc. 【动】(海鞘类动物的)膜，被囊 3 Bot. 【植】  a  any of the concentric layers of a bulb 鳞茎皮b  the tough covering of a part of this 膜皮 4 Anat.  a membrane enclosing or lining an organ 【解】(包裹着器官的)膜，被膜 [French tunique or Latin tunica]

tunica /ˈtju:nikə/ n. (pl. tunicae /-ki:/) Bot. & Anat. 【植】【解】  = TUNIC 3, 4  [Latin]

tunicate /ˈtju:nikət, -keit/ n. & adj. ●n.  any marine animal of the subphylum Urochordata, having a rubbery or hard outer coat, and including sea squirts 被囊动物(任何长有被囊的海洋动物，包括海鞘) ●adj.  1 Zool.  of or relating to this subphylum 【动】被囊类的；有被囊的 2 Bot.  having concentric layers, as in an onion bulb 【植】具膜皮的；有鳞片的(如洋葱球茎里) [Latin tunicatus, past part. of tunicare ‘clothe with a tunic’ (as TUNICA)]

tunicle /ˈtju:nik(ə)l/ n.  a short vestment worn by a bishop or subdeacon at the Eucharist etc. (天主教主教或副助祭司举行圣餐仪式时穿的)短祭袍 [Middle English from Old French tunicle or Latin tunicula, diminutive of TUNICA]

tuning /ˈtju:niŋ/ n.  the process or a system of putting a musical instrument in tune (乐器的)调音，定弦

tuning fork n.  a two-pronged steel fork that gives a particular note when struck, used in tuning (调音过程中需要敲击某一具体音符时所使用的)调音叉

tuning peg n.  a peg or pin etc. attached to the strings of a stringed instrument and turned to alter their tension in tuning (用来绷紧琴弦的)调音弦轴

Tunis /ˈtju:nis/ n.  突尼斯 [突尼斯首都]

Tunisia   突尼斯

Tunisian /tju:ˈniziən/ adj. & n.  突尼斯的(人)

tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an artificial underground passage through a hill or under a road or river etc., esp. for a railway or road to pass through, or in a mine (铁路或公路穿行的)隧道；(矿井的)坑道；地道 2  an underground passage dug by a burrowing animal (穴居动物的)洞穴；洞穴通道 3  a prolonged period of difficulty or suffering (esp. in metaphors, e.g. 尤用于暗喻，如 : the end of the tunnel 苦难的尽头) 受苦受难的漫长岁月 4  a tube containing a propeller shaft etc. 螺旋桨轴隧，螺旋桨轴槽 ●v. (tunnelled, tunnelling; US [美] tunneled, tunneling)  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through, into, etc.)  make a tunnel through (a hill etc.) 掘隧道，凿地道(穿过山脉) 2 tr.  make (one's way) by tunnelling 打开(通道)穿过 3 intr. Physics  pass through a potential barrier 【物理学】隧穿，穿透(潜在的障碍) □ tunneller  n.   [earlier = tunnel-net: Middle English from Old French tonel, diminutive of tonne TUN]

tunnel diode n. Electronics  a two-terminal semiconductor diode using tunnelling electrons to perform high-speed switching operations 【电子学】隧道二极管(利用隧穿电子进行高速开闭操作的双终端半导体二极管)

tunnel-kiln n.  a kiln in which ceramic ware is carried on trucks along a continuously heated passage 隧道式窑(把陶器放在平台车上经过一个连续加热的通道式炉窑)，转窑，连续窑

tunnel-net n.  a fishing net wide at the mouth and narrow at the other end 长袋鱼网(开口处很宽、另一端很窄的鱼网)

tunnel vision n.  1  vision that is defective in not adequately including objects away from the centre of the field of view (眼科的)管状视 2 colloq. [口]  a  concentration focused on a limited or single objective, perception, etc. 聚焦于有限的或单一的目标，狭隘视野b  inability to be diverted or swayed from this 一孔之见，井蛙之见，短浅的目光

tunny /ˈtʌni/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or -ies) esp. Brit. [尤英]  = TUNA1  [French thon via Provençal ton and Latin thunnus from Greek thunnos]

tup /tʌp/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a male sheep; a ram [尤英]公羊 2  the striking-head of a piledriver etc. (打桩机或汽锤等的)锤头；撞锤 ●v. tr. (tupped, tupping) esp. Brit. (of a ram) copulate with (a ewe) [尤英] (公羊)与(母羊)交尾 [Middle English toje, tupe, of unknown origin]

Tupamaro /tu:pəˈmɑ:rəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a member of urban guerrilla organization in Uruguay (乌拉圭的一个城市游击队组织)图帕马罗城市游击队队员 [Tupac Amaru, the name of two Inca leaders]

tupelo /ˈtju:piləʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  any of various Asian and N. American deciduous trees of the genus Nyssa, with colourful foliage and growing in swampy conditions 多花紫树，蓝果树(亚洲及北美洲的一种生长于松软潮湿地区的落叶树，树叶色彩鲜艳) 2  the wood of this tree 紫树木材 [Creek, from ito ‘tree’ + opilwa ‘swamp’]

Tupi /ˈtu:pi/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Tupis)  1  a member of an American Indian people native to the Amazon valley 图皮人(亚马逊河谷地区的美洲印第安人) 2  the language of this people 图皮语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 图皮人的；图皮语的 [native name]

Tupi-Guarani n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Tupi-Guaranis)  1  a member of a S. American people of Tupi, Guarani, or other related stock 图皮－瓜拉尼人(南美洲的图皮人、瓜拉尼人及其他相关族人) 2  a S. American Indian language family including Tupi and Guarani 图皮－瓜拉尼语族(南美印第安人的一支语族) ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language family 图皮－瓜拉尼人的；图皮－瓜拉尼语族的 [TUPI + GUARANI]

tuppence /ˈtʌp(ə)ns/ n. Brit. [英]  = TWOPENCE  [phonet. spelling]

tuppenny /ˈtʌp(ə)ni/ adj. Brit. [英]  = TWOPENNY  [phonet. spelling]

Tupperware /ˈtʌpəwɛə/ n. propr.  a range of plastic containers for storing food [商标]塔珀系列塑料食品容器制品 [Tupper, the name of the US manufacturer, + WARE1]

tuque /tu:k/ n.  a Canadian stocking cap (加拿大人的一种)圆锥形绒线帽 [Canadian French form of TOQUE]

turaco /ˈtʊərəkəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 touraco) (pl. -os)  any African bird of the family Musophagidae, with crimson and green plumage and a prominent crest 蕉鹃(产于非洲热带森林的鸟，羽毛呈猩红色和绿色，头上长有很突出的竖冠) [French touraco, from a West African name]

Turanian /tjʊˈreiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  the group of Asian languages that are neither Semitic nor Indo-European, esp. the Ural-Altaic family 突雷尼语族(一种既非闪含语系又非印欧语系的亚洲语族，尤指乌拉尔－阿尔泰语族) ●adj.  of or relating to this group 突雷尼语族的 [Persian Tūrɑˉn, the region beyond the Oxus]

turban /ˈtɜ:b(ə)n/ n.  1  a man's headdress of cotton or silk wound round a cap or the head, worn esp. by Muslims and Sikhs (尤指穆斯林和锡克教徒戴的)男式包头巾 2  a woman's headdress or hat resembling this 女用头巾；头巾式女帽 □ turbaned  adj.  用头巾包裹的 [ultimately via Turkish tülbent from Persian dulband: cf. TULIP]

turbary /ˈtɜ:b(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. [英]  1  the right of digging turf on common ground or on another's ground (在公地或他人土地上的)泥炭采掘权 2  a place where turf or peat is dug 泥炭采掘场 [Middle English from Anglo-French turberie, Old French tourberie, from tourbe TURF]

turbellarian /tɜ:biˈlɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  any usu. free-living flatworm of the class Turbellaria, having a ciliated surface 涡虫(表面有纤毛的非寄生扁虫) ●adj.  of or relating to this class 涡虫的 [modern Latin Turbellaria from Latin turbella ‘bustle, stir’, diminutive of turba ‘crowd’]

turbid /ˈtɜ:bid/ adj.  1 (of a liquid or colour) muddy, thick; not clear (指液体或颜色)浑浊的；污浊的；稠密的 2 (of a style etc.) confused, disordered (指文学风格等)迷惘的；混乱的 □ turbidity  /-ˈbiditi/ n.  □ turbidly  adv.  □ turbidness  n.   [Latin turbidus from turba ‘a crowd, a disturbance’]■Usage 用法说明 Turbid is sometimes confused with turgid which means (of language) ‘inflated, pompous’, or (of objects) ‘swollen, distended’. The confusion arises because as well as sounding similar, both words are used (in different senses) of rivers etc. on the one hand, and of literary style on the other. turbid 有时会与 turgid 相混淆，后者(指语言时)表示“浮华的；夸张的”，或(指物体时)表示“膨胀的；肿胀的”。之所以混淆，是因为二者除发音相似外，都既可用来指河流又可用来指文学风格(尽管意思不同)。 

turbinate /ˈtɜ:binət/ adj.  1  shaped like a spinning top or inverted cone 陀螺状的，倒圆锥形的 2 (of a shell) with whorls decreasing rapidly in size (贝壳)螺旋状的；漩涡形的 3 Anat. (esp. of some nasal bones) shaped like a scroll 【解】(尤指某些鼻甲骨)涡卷状的 □ turbinal  adj.  □ turbination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin turbinatus (as TURBINE)]

turbine /ˈtɜ:bain, -in/ n.  a rotary motor or engine driven by a flow of water, steam, gas, wind, etc., esp. to produce electrical power (依靠水流、蒸汽、气体、风力等驱动的)涡轮机，叶轮机 [French from Latin turbo -binis ‘spinning top, whirlwind’]

turbit /ˈtɜ:bit/ n.  a breed of domestic pigeon of stout build with a neck frill and short beak 浮羽鸽 [apparently from Latin turbo ‘top’, from its figure]

turbo /ˈtɜ:bəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  = TURBOCHARGER  2  a motor vehicle equipped with this 涡轮发动机汽车

turbo- /ˈtɜ:bəʊ/ comb. form  turbine [构词成分]涡轮的

turbocharger /ˈtɜ:bəʊtʃɑ:dʒə/ n.  a supercharger driven by a turbine powered by the engine's exhaust gases 涡轮增压器 □ turbocharge  v. tr.  (esp. as 尤作 turbocharged adj.) 用涡轮给(发动机)增压

turbo-diesel n.  1  a turbocharged diesel engine 涡轮增压柴油机 2  a vehicle powered by this 涡轮增压柴油车

turbofan /ˈtɜ:bəʊfæn/ n. Aeron. 【空】  1  a jet engine in which a turbine-driven fan provides additional thrust 涡轮风扇喷气发动机 2  an aircraft powered by this 涡轮风扇喷气式飞机

turbojet /ˈtɜ:bəʊdʒet/ n. Aeron. 【空】  1  a jet engine in which the jet also operates a turbine-driven compressor for the air drawn into the engine 涡轮喷气发动机 2  an aircraft powered by this 涡轮喷气式飞机

turboprop /ˈtɜ:bəʊprɒp/ n. Aeron. 【空】  1  a jet engine in which a turbine is used as in a turbojet and also to drive a propeller 涡轮螺旋桨发动机 2  an aircraft powered by this 涡轮螺旋桨式飞机

turboshaft /ˈtɜ:bəʊʃɑ:ft/ n.  a gas turbine that powers a shaft for driving heavy vehicles, generators, pumps, etc. (驱动重型汽车、发电机、水泵等的)涡轮轴发动机

turbosupercharger /tɜ:bəʊˈsu:pətʃɑ:dʒə/ n.  = TURBOCHARGER 

turbot /ˈtɜ:bət/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or turbots)  1  a flatfish, Scophthalmus maximus, having large bony tubercles on the body and head and prized as food 大菱鲆，大口鳒(比目鱼的一种，其体部和头部有大型骨状结节，味道鲜美) 2  any of various similar fishes including halibut (包括庸鲽在内的)各种比目鱼类 [Middle English via Old French from Old Swedish törnbut, from törn ‘thorn’ + but BUTT3]

turbulence /ˈtɜ:bjʊl(ə)ns/ n.  1  an irregularly fluctuating flow of air or fluid (气体或液体的)紊流 2 Meteorol.  stormy conditions as a result of atmospheric disturbance 【气】(由大气中风暴造成的)湍流 3  a disturbance, commotion, or tumult 骚乱，骚动；动荡；混乱

turbulent /ˈtɜ:bjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  disturbed; in commotion 骚乱的，骚动的；动荡不安的 2 (of a flow of air etc.) varying irregularly; causing disturbance (指气流等)紊流的；湍流的 3  tumultuous 汹涌的；狂暴的 4  insubordinate, riotous 不服从的，不顺从的；反抗的 □ turbulently  adv.   [Latin turbulentus from turba ‘crowd’]

Turco /ˈtɜ:kəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) hist.  an Algerian soldier in the French army [史义] (法国军队中的)阿尔及利亚士兵 [Spanish, Portuguese & Italian, = TURK]

Turco- /ˈtɜ:kəʊ/ comb. form (also 亦作 Turko-)  Turkish; Turkish and [构词成分]土耳其；土耳其及…的 [medieval Latin Turcus TURK]

Turcoman var.  of TURKOMAN  TURKOMAN 的变体

turd /tɜ:d/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  a lump of excrement 粪堆，粪团 2  a term of contempt for a person 可鄙的人，非常讨厌的人 [Old English tord, from Germanic]

turdoid /ˈtɜ:dɔid/ adj.  thrushlike 似鸫的 [Latin turdus THRUSH1]

tureen /tjʊˈri:n, tə-/ n.  a deep covered dish for serving soup etc. (盛汤菜等用的)盖碗 [earlier terrine, -ene from French terrine, a large circular earthenware dish, fem. of Old French terrin ‘earthen’, ultimately from Latin terra ‘earth’]

turf /tɜ:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. turfs or turves)  1  a  a layer of grass etc. with earth and matted roots as the surface of grassland (草地表面一层的)草皮；草泥；草根b  a piece of this cut from the ground (从地面上铲起的)草皮；草泥；草根 2  a slab of peat for fuel (用作燃料的)泥炭，泥煤 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  horse racing generally 赛马b  a general term for racecourses 赛马场 ●v. tr.  1  cover (ground) with turf 用草皮覆盖(地面) 2 (foll. by 后跟 out) esp. Brit. colloq.  expel or eject (a person or thing) [尤英口]驱逐，赶走(人)；扔掉，抛出(东西) [Old English from Germanic]

turf accountant n. Brit.  a bookmaker [英] (赛马等)赌注登记经纪人

turfman /ˈtɜ:fmən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. US  a devotee of horse racing [尤美]赛马迷

turfy /ˈtɜ:fi/ adj. (turfier, turfiest)  like turf; grassy 似草皮的；草土状的；有草皮覆盖的

turgescent /tɜ:ˈdʒes(ə)nt/ adj.  becoming turgid; swelling 浮夸的，夸张的；肿胀的，肿大的 □ turgescence  n.  

turgid /ˈtɜ:dʒid/ adj.  1 (of language) pompous, bombastic (指语言)浮华的；夸张的  the film was spoilt by a turgid script  浮华的脚本破坏了这部电影 2  swollen, distended, puffed out 肿胀的；膨胀的；(河流)涨水的  sat by the turgid Thames  坐在涨水的泰晤士河畔 □ turgidity  /-ˈdʒiditi/ n.  □ turgidly  adv.  □ turgidness  n.   [Latin turgidus from turgēre ‘swell’]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at TURBID. 见 TURBID 的用法说明。 

turgor /ˈtɜ:ɡə/ n. Bot.  the rigidity of cells due to the absorption of water 【植】(花粉囊因吸收水分而出现的)膨压，紧涨 [Late Latin (as TURGID)]

Turing test /ˈtjʊəriŋ/ n. Computing  a test for intelligence in a computer, which requires that a human should be unable to distinguish it from another human by the replies to questions put to both 【计算】图灵测试(对计算机智能的测试，被测试者为一个人和一台计算机，测试者对两者提出相同的问题，如果答案使测试者无法区分二者，即为计算机通过测试) [named after A. Turing, British mathematician d. 1954]

turion /ˈt(j)ʊəriən/ n. Bot. 【植】  1  a young shoot or sucker arising from an underground bud (从地下花苞中冒出的)幼芽，根出条 2  a bud formed by certain aquatic plants (某些水生植物的)芽，叶芽 [French from Latin turio -onis ‘shoot’]

Turk /tɜ:k/ n.  1  a  a native or national of Turkey in SE Europe and Asia Minor 土耳其人(生活于东南欧和小亚细亚一带)b  a person of Turkish descent 土耳其后裔 2  a member of a central Asian people from whom the Ottomans derived, speaking Turkic languages (中亚一带的)说突厥语的人 3 offens.  a ferocious, wild, or unmanageable person [冒犯]专横凶残的人；蛮横的人 [Middle English, = French Turc, Italian etc. Turco, medieval Latin Turcus, Persian & Arabic Turk, of unknown origin]

Turkey   土耳其

turkey /ˈtɜ:ki/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a large mainly domesticated game bird, Meleagris gallopavo, originally of N. America, having a bald head and (in the male) red wattles, prized as food esp. on festive occasions including Christmas and (in the US) Thanksgiving 吐绶鸡，火鸡(体形较大，多为家养的猎鸟，源于北美，秃顶，雄性喉头下有肉垂，尤用作圣诞节和美国感恩节等场合的美味食品) 2  the flesh of the turkey as food (用作食品的)火鸡肉 3 esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语]  a  a theatrical failure; a flop 失败之作，失败的戏剧演出b  a stupid or inept person 傻瓜，笨蛋；不中用的家伙 □ talk turkey  N. Amer. colloq.  talk frankly and straightforwardly; get down to business [北美口]坦率认真地谈话；开始做正事 [16th c.: short for turkeycock or turkeyhen, originally applied to the guinea fowl (which was imported through Turkey), and then erroneously to the American bird]

turkey buzzard n. (also 亦作 turkey vulture)  an American vulture, Cathartes aura 美洲鹫 [so called because of its bare reddish head and dark plumage]

Turkey carpet /ˈtɜ:ki/ n.  = TURKISH CARPET 

turkeycock /ˈtɜ:kikɒk/ n.  1  a male turkey 雄火鸡 2  a pompous or self-important person 自负的人，妄自尊大的人

Turkey red /ˈtɜ:ki/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a scarlet pigment obtained from the madder or alizarin 土耳其红(从茜草根或茜素中获取的深红色颜料) 2  a cotton cloth dyed with this 土耳其红棉布 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 土耳其红的

turkey vulture var.  of TURKEY BUZZARD  TURKEY BUZZARD 的变体

Turki /ˈtɜ:ki/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  the Turkic languages, esp. those of central Asia, collectively 突厥语族(中亚一带语言的总称) 2  a member of a Turkic-speaking people 操突厥语的人 ●adj.  of or relating to these languages or their speakers 突厥语的；操突厥语的 [Persian turkī (as TURK)]

Turkic /ˈtɜ:kik/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a large group of Altaic languages including Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Kyrgyz, or the peoples speaking them 突厥语族的(突厥语族属阿尔泰语系，包括土耳其语、阿塞拜疆语和吉尔吉斯语等)；操突厥语民族的 ●n.  the Turkic languages collectively 突厥语(总称) [TURK + -IC]

Turkish /ˈtɜ:kiʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Turkey in SE Europe and Asia Minor, or to the Turks or their language 土耳其的；土耳其人的；土耳其语的 ●n.  this language 土耳其语

Turkish bath n.  1  a hot-air or steam bath followed by washing, massage, etc. 土耳其浴，蒸汽浴(伴有冲洗、按摩等的热气或蒸汽洗浴) 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a building for this 土耳其浴浴室，蒸汽浴室

Turkish carpet n.  a wool carpet with a thick pile and traditional bold design 土耳其地毯(厚实、绘有醒目传统图案的羊毛地毯)

Turkish coffee n.  a strong black coffee 土耳其咖啡(味道浓烈、不加牛奶的清咖啡)

Turkish delight n.  a sweet of flavoured gelatin cubes coated in powdered sugar 土耳其软糖

Turkish towel n.  a towel made of cotton terry 土耳其毛巾(棉毛圈织物浴巾)

Turkmen /ˈtɜ:kmən/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同 or Turkmens)  1  a member of any of various Turkic peoples inhabiting the region east of the Caspian Sea and south of the Aral Sea, comprising Turkmenistan and parts of Iran and Afghanistan 土库曼人(居住在里海以东，阿拉尔海以南，包括土库曼斯坦及伊朗和阿富汗部分地区的各种民族的突厥人) 2  the Turkic language of these peoples 土库曼语 ●adj.  of or relating to these peoples or their language 土库曼人的；土库曼语的 [Persian turkmɑˉn from Turkish tūrkmen; also influenced by Russian turkmen]

Turkmenistan   土库曼斯坦

Turko- var.  of TURCO-  TURCO- 的变体

Turkoman /ˈtɜ:kəʊmən/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 Turcoman) (pl. -mans)  = TURKMENn. 1, 2  ●adj.  = TURKMENadj.  [medieval Latin Turcomannus, French turcoman from Persian turkmɑˉn (see TURKMEN)]

Turkoman carpet n.  a traditional carpet of rich colours with a soft long nap 土库曼手织地毯(色彩富丽、带有柔软长绒毛的传统地毯)

Turk's cap n.  a martagon lily or other plant with turban-like flowers 头巾百合(花似头巾的百合)

Turk's head n.  a turban-like ornamental knot (似头巾的)饰结

turmeric /ˈtɜ:mərik/ n.  1  a tropical Asian plant, Curcuma longa, of the ginger family, yielding aromatic rhizomes used as a spice and for yellow dye 姜黄(亚洲热带地区产的姜类植物，其芳香的根茎可用作调料和黄色染料) 2  this rhizome powdered and used as a spice esp. in curry powder 姜黄根粉末(可用作香料，尤用于制作咖喱粉) [16th-c. forms tarmaret etc. perhaps from French terre mérite and modern Latin terra merita, literally ‘deserving earth’, perhaps an alteration of an oriental word]

turmoil /ˈtɜ:mɔil/ n.  1  violent confusion; agitation 混乱；骚动 2  din and bustle 喧嚣，嘈杂 [16th c.: origin unknown]

turn /tɜ:n/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  move around a point or axis so that the point or axis remains in a central position; give a rotary motion to or receive a rotary motion (围绕一个点或轴)转动，旋转；循环转动  turned the wheel  转动轮子 the wheel turns  轮子转了 the key turns in the lock  钥匙在锁里转动 2 tr. & intr.  change in position so that a different side, end, or part becomes outermost or uppermost etc.; invert or reverse or cause to be inverted or reversed 翻动；翻转；把…翻面；使倒置  turned inside out  把里边翻到外边 turned it upside down  把它倒置过来 3  a tr.  give a new direction to 使转向；使向着  turn your face this way  把你的脸转向这边b intr.  take a new direction 转向；向着  turn left here  在这里朝左转 my thoughts have often turned to you  我一直经常想到你 4 tr.  aim in a certain way 朝向；对着  turned the hose on them  把水管对着他们 5 intr. & tr. (foll. by 后跟 into)  change in nature, form, or condition to 使变质；使变形；使变化；改变；改写，改编  turned into a dragon  变成了一条龙 then turned him into a frog  然后把他变成了一只青蛙 turned the book into a play  把这本书改编成一部剧 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  apply oneself to; set about 着手处理；开始进行  turned to doing the ironing  准备去熨衣服了b  have recourse to; begin to indulge in habitually 求助于，求援于；开始染上…的习惯  turned to drink  开始染上喝酒的习惯 turned to me for help  求我帮忙c  go on to consider next (兴趣、注意力等)转向  let us now turn to your report  现在我们来看看你的报告 7 intr. & tr.  become or cause to become 变成；使变成  turned hostile  变得敌对起来 has turned informer  变成了告密者 your comment turned them angry  你的评论把他们给激怒了 8  a tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 against)  make or become hostile to 使敌对；转而反对  has turned them against us  使他们转而反对起我们来了b intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  become hostile to; attack 变得敌对；攻击，袭击  suddenly turned on them  突然朝他们袭击 9 intr. (of hair or leaves) change colour (头发或树叶)变色 10 intr. (of milk) become sour (牛奶)变酸 11 intr. (of the stomach) be nauseated (胃)恶心，作呕 12 tr.  twist or sprain (an ankle) 扭伤(脚踝) 13 intr. (of the head) become giddy 头晕，晕眩 14 tr.  cause (milk) to become sour, (the stomach) to be nauseated, or (the head) to become giddy 使(牛奶)变酸；使(胃)恶心；使(头)晕眩 15 tr.  translate 翻译  turn it into French  把它翻译成法语 16 tr.  move to the other side of; go round 拐过；绕过；迂回经过  turned the corner  拐过弯 17 tr.  pass the age or time of (年龄、时间等)达到；超过，逾  he has turned 40  他已年过 40 了 it has now turned  4 o'clock  现在已到 4 点了 18 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  depend on; be determined by 依靠，依…而定；取决于  it all turns on the weather tomorrow  一切取决于明天的天气 19 tr.  send or put into a specified place or condition; cause to go 打发；放走；倾倒  was turned loose  被放松了 turned the water out into a basin  把水倾倒在盆里 20 tr.  perform (a somersault etc.) with rotary motion 表演(翻跟斗等动作) 21 tr.  remake (a garment or, esp., a sheet) putting the worn outer side on the inside 把(衣服，尤指床单)翻过来，翻起 22 tr.  make (a profit) 赚(钱)，挣(钱) 23 tr.  divert (a bullet) 避开(子弹) 24 tr.  blunt (the edge of a knife, slot of a screw head, etc.) 使(刀口等)变钝；使不锋利 25 tr.  shape (an object) on a lathe 用车床使(物体)加工成形 26 tr.  give an (esp. elegant) form to 使变形(尤指变得形状优美)  turn a compliment  把恭维话说得很漂亮 27 intr. Golf  begin the second half of a round 【高尔夫球】开始后半场击球 28 tr. (esp. as 尤作 turned adj.) Printing  invert (type) to make it appear upside down 【印刷】倒排，倒空  a turned comma  一个倒排的逗号 29 tr.  pass round (the flank etc. of an army) so as to attack it from the side or rear 绕过(军队的侧翼)以便从侧面或后面进攻 30 intr. (of the tide) change from flood to ebb or vice versa (潮水)涨(或落) ●n.  1  the act or process or an instance of turning; rotary motion 转动；旋转；旋动，拧动  a single turn of the handle  把手的一次转动 2  a  a changed or a change of direction or tendency (方向或趋势的)变化，转向  took a sudden turn to the left  突然向左转b  a deflection or deflected part 曲折变化；曲折部位  full of twists and turns  充满了曲折变化 3  a point at which a turning or change occurs 转折点；转变时期 4  a turning of a road (路面的)转弯 5  a change of the tide from ebb to flow or from flow to ebb (潮水的)涨落 6  a change in the course of events (事件过程的)变化，改变 7  a tendency or disposition 天性，禀性  is of a mechanical turn of mind  具有机械方面的天赋 8  an opportunity or obligation etc. that comes successively to each of several persons etc. (依次轮流时每人各自的)一次机会  your turn will come  你的机会快来了 my turn to read  轮到我读了 9  a short walk or ride (短程的)走一圈；骑一圈  shall take a turn in the garden  要在花园里走一走 10  a short performance on stage or in a circus etc. (舞台或马戏团等的)一次表演，一个节目 11  service of a specified kind (有利于某人的)举动，行为  did me a good turn  做了一件对我有利的事 12  purpose 目的；要求  served my turn  应了我的目的 13 colloq.  a momentary nervous shock or ill feeling [口] (突然的)一惊，一吓  gave me quite a turn  着实吓了我一跳 14 Mus.  an ornament consisting of the principal note with those above and below it 【音】(主音符和其他上下音符汇成的)回音 15  one round in a coil of rope etc. (绳子上)盘绕的一圈 16 Printing 【印刷】  a  inverted type as a temporary substitute for a missing letter (无本字时暂时替用的)倒头铅字b  a letter turned wrong side up 错倒的字符 17  a Brit.  the difference between the buying and selling price of stocks etc. [英] (股票等买入价和卖出价之间的)差额b  a profit made from this (股票等买入后又卖出的)一笔交易的利润 □ at every turn   continually; at each new stage etc. 每次；事事；处处□ by turns   in rotation of individuals or groups; alternately 轮流地；交替地□ in turn   in succession; one by one 接连地；依次地□ in one's turn   when one's turn or opportunity comes (机会)轮到某人时□ not know which way (or where) to turn   be completely at a loss, unsure how to act, etc. 茫然不知所措□ not turn a hair   see 见 HAIR □ on the turn   1  changing 正在转变中 2 (of milk) becoming sour (牛奶)正在变酸 3  at the turning point 处于转折关头□ out of turn   1  at a time when it is not one's turn 未轮到某人时；正当倒霉时 2  inappropriately; inadvisedly or tactlessly 不合时宜地；不分场合地；轻率冒失地  did I speak out of turn?  我说得不合时宜吗？□ take turns (or take it in turns)   act or work alternately or in succession 依次，轮流(行动或做事)□ to a turn  (esp. cooked) to exactly the right degree etc. (尤指烹饪)恰到火候，正好□ turn about   move so as to face in a new direction 转身；回头□ turn and turn about  esp. Brit.  alternately [尤英]相互交替地，轮流地□ turn around  esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = turn round □ turn away   1  turn to face in another direction 转过脸去；不看 2  refuse to accept; reject 拒绝接受；回绝 3  send away 打发走，驱逐□ turn back   1  begin or cause to retrace one's steps 停止向前；使折回，使往回走 2  fold back 折转，翻起□ turn one's back on   see 见 BACK □ turn the corner   1  pass round it into another street 转弯，转过拐角 2  pass the critical point in an illness, difficulty, etc. 度过(疾病、困难等的)最关键时刻□ turn a deaf ear   see 见 DEAF □ turn down   1  reject (a proposal, application, etc.) 拒绝(建议、申请等) 2  reduce the volume or strength of (sound, heat, etc.) by turning a knob etc. (通过旋转键钮等)调低(音量)；降低(热度) 3  fold down 向下折转，向下翻 4  place downwards 朝下放置□ turn one's hand to   see 见 HAND □ turn a person's head   see 见 HEAD □ turn an honest penny   see 见 HONEST □ turn in   1  hand in or return 上交；交回 2  achieve or register (a performance, score, etc.) 完成(任务)；取得(分数) 3 colloq.  go to bed in the evening [口] (晚上)上床睡觉 4  fold inwards 把…向里折 5  incline inwards 向里歪着  his toes turn in  他的脚趾向里歪着 6  hand over (a suspect etc.) to the authorities 把(嫌疑犯等)送交，移交给权力机关 7 colloq.  abandon (a plan etc.) [口]放弃(计划等)□ turn in one's grave   see 见 GRAVE1 □ turn off   1  a  stop the flow or operation of (water, electricity, etc.) by means of a tap, switch, etc. (通过龙头或开关等)断(水)；切断(电源)b  operate (a tap, switch, etc.) to achieve this 关(水龙头)；关闭(开关) 2  a  enter a side road 转弯，拐入岔路b (of a side road) lead off from another road (路)分岔 3 colloq.  repel; cause to lose interest [口]使厌恶，使反感；使失去兴趣  turned me right off with their complaining  他们的牢骚让我失去了兴趣 4  dismiss from employment 解雇，辞退□ turn of speed   the ability to go fast when necessary (必要时的)加速性能□ turn on   1  a  start the flow or operation of (water, electricity, etc.) by means of a tap, switch, etc. (通过龙头或开关等)打开(水)；打开(电源)b  operate (a tap, switch, etc.) to achieve this 开(水龙头)；开启(开关) 2 colloq.  excite; stimulate the interest of, esp. sexually [口] (使)变得兴奋；(使)激发性欲 3 tr. & intr. slang  intoxicate or become intoxicated with drugs [俚语] (使)受毒品的刺激而兴奋□ turn on one's heel   see 见 HEEL1 □ turn the other cheek   see 见 CHEEK □ turn out   1  expel 赶出，赶走；辞退 2  extinguish (an electric light etc.) 熄灭(电灯等) 3  dress or equip 打扮，装束；装备  well turned out  打扮得漂漂亮亮的 4  produce (manufactured goods etc.) 生产，制造(工业品等) 5 Brit.  empty or clean out (a room etc.) [英]腾空；打扫(房间等) 6  empty (a pocket) to see the contents 翻开(口袋看里面的东西)；掏出，掏空 7 colloq. [口]  a  get out of bed 起床b  go out of doors 出门，去室外 8 colloq.  assemble; attend a meeting etc. [口]集合；召集 9 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  prove to be the case; result (最后)证明是；结果是  turned out to be true  最后证明是正确的 we shall see how things turn out  我们要看看事情会是什么样的结果 10 Mil.  call (a guard) from the guardroom 【军】把(卫兵)从卫兵室叫出□ turn over   1  reverse or cause to reverse vertical position; bring the under or reverse side into view 使翻转过来；把…翻过来  turn over the page  翻过这一页 2  upset; fall or cause to fall over 弄翻，打翻；使翻倒，使倾覆 3  a  cause (an engine) to run 使(发电机)转动b (of an engine) start running (发电机)开始运转 4  consider thoroughly 周密考虑 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  a  transfer the care or conduct of (a person or thing) to (a person) 把(某人或某物)移交，转交；交托给(另一人)  shall turn it all over to my deputy  将把这事整个儿交给我的副手去办b  = turn in 6  6  do business to the amount of 做(一定数额的)生意；营业额达  turns over £ 5,000 a week  营业额一周达 5,000 英镑□ turn over a new leaf   improve one's conduct or performance 翻开新的一页，重新开始(做人)，洗心革面□ turn round   1  turn so as to face in a new direction 转身；转过方向 2  a Commerce  unload and reload (a ship, vehicle, etc.) 【商业】给(轮船、汽车等)卸货装货b  receive, process, and send out again; cause to progress through a system 周转(指接货、办理、然后再发货的整个过程)；使完成一个系统过程 3  adopt new opinions or policy 转变(观点)；采纳(新政策)□ turn the scales   see 见 SCALE2 □ turn the tables   see 见 TABLE □ turn tail   turn one's back; run away 转身就跑；逃跑，逃走□ turn the tide   reverse the trend of events 扭转潮流，改变形势□ turn to   set about one's work 着手开始工作  came home and immediately turned to  回到家马上开始工作□ turn to account   see 见 ACCOUNT □ turn a trick   see 见 TRICK □ turn turtle   see 见 TURTLE □ turn up   1  increase the volume or strength of (sound, heat, etc.) by turning a knob etc. (通过旋转旋钮等)开大(音量)；调高(热度) 2  place upwards 朝上放；向上折转 3  discover or reveal 发现；显露 4  be found, esp. by chance (尤指偶然地)被找到；被发现  it turned up on a rubbish dump  是在垃圾堆里偶然发现的 5  happen or present itself; (of a person) put in an appearance 发生；出现；来到；(人)露面  a few people turned up late  有几个人来得较晚 6 Brit. colloq.  cause to vomit [英口]使呕吐；使恶心  the sight turned me up  那情景让我恶心 7  shorten (a garment) by increasing the size of the hem 折起贴边改短(衣服)□ turn up one's nose   see 见 NOSE  [Old English tyrnan, turnian via Latin tornare, from tornus ‘lathe’ from Greek tornos ‘lathe, circular movement’: probably reinforced in Middle English from Old French turner, torner]

turnabout /ˈtɜ:nəbaʊt/ n.  1  an act of turning about 转向；转身；向后转 2  an abrupt change of policy etc. (政策、观点等的)突然变化，转变

turnaround /ˈtɜ:nəraʊnd/ n.  1  a  the process of receiving, processing, and sending out again; progress through a system; the time taken for this 周转；来回(指接货、办理、然后再发货的整个过程，或指完成的一个过程)；周转时间；来回时间  a seven-day turnaround  7 天的周转； 7 天的一个来回b  the process of unloading and reloading a ship, vehicle, etc.; the time taken for this (轮船、汽车等的)卸货装货过程；卸货装货所花的时间 2  an abrupt or unexpected change of fortune, attitude, etc. (命运、观点、态度等的)突然改变；变卦

turnback /ˈtɜ:nbæk/ n.  = REVERS 

turn-bench n.  a watchmaker's portable lathe (钟表制造者或修理者用的)台式车床

turn-buckle n.  a device for tightly connecting parts of a metal rod or wire (金属棒或金属线的)松紧螺旋扣

turn-cap n.  a revolving chimney top (烟囱顶部的)旋转风帽

turncoat /ˈtɜ:nkəʊt/ n.  a person who changes sides in a conflict, dispute, etc. (冲突、争论等过程中的)叛变者，变节者

turncock /ˈtɜ:nkɒk/ n. hist.  an official employed to turn on water for the mains supply etc. [史义]供水管理员

turndown /ˈtɜ:ndaʊn/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a rejection or refusal 否决，拒绝 2  a downturn 可翻下部分；可折转物 ●attrib. adj. (of a collar) turned down (指衣领)可翻下的

turner /ˈtɜ:nə/ n.  1  a person or thing that turns 翻动者；旋转者；翻动器；旋转器 2  a person who works with a lathe 车工，镟工 [Middle English via Old French tornere -eor from Late Latin tornator (as TURN)]

turnery /ˈtɜ:n(ə)ri/ n.  1  objects made on a lathe 车削产品；车削工件 2  work with a lathe 车削工作

turning /ˈtɜ:niŋ/ n.  1  a  a road that branches off another 岔路b  a place where this occurs 岔路口；拐弯处，转弯处 2  a  use of the lathe 车削工作b (in pl. 用复数)  chips or shavings from a lathe 车削下脚，削屑

turning circle n.  the smallest circle in which a vehicle can turn without reversing (车辆的)回转圆，转向圆

turning point n.  a point at which a decisive change occurs 转折点；转机

turnip /ˈtɜ:nip/ n.  1  a  a cruciferous plant, Brassica rapa, with a large white globular root and sprouting leaves 芜菁(开十字花的植物，有白色大圆根，条状叶)b  a similar or related plant, esp. a swede 芜菁类植物(尤指洋大头菜) 2  the root of such a plant used as a vegetable (用作蔬菜的)芜菁块根，萝卜 3  a large thick old-fashioned watch (又大又厚的旧式)怀表，挂表 □ turnipy  adj.   [earlier turnep(e) from neep, from Latin napus: first element of uncertain origin]

turnip-tops n. pl. (US also [美亦] turnip greens)  the leaves of the turnip eaten as a vegetable (作蔬菜的)芜菁叶

turnkey /ˈtɜ:nki:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -eys) archaic  a jailer [古义]监狱看守，狱卒 ●adj. (of a contract etc.) providing for a supply of equipment in a state ready for operation (指合同等)总承包的，全承包的

turn-off n.  1  a turning off a main road 支路，岔道 2 colloq.  something that repels or causes a loss of interest [口]令人厌烦的事；叫人倒胃口的东西

turn-on n. colloq.  a person or thing that causes (esp. sexual) arousal [口]令人兴奋(或激动)的人(或物)；(尤指)引起性欲的人(或物)

turnout /ˈtɜ:naʊt/ n.  1  the number of people attending a meeting, voting at an election, etc. 到会人数；(选举时的)投票人数；聚集的人数  rain reduced the turnout  下雨减少了来的人数 2  the quantity of goods produced in a given time (在特定时间内货品的)产量，产额 3  a set or display of equipment, clothes, etc. 装备，设备；装束，穿着

turnover /ˈtɜ:nəʊvə/ n.  1  the act or an instance of turning over 翻倒；翻转；翻倒物；翻转物 2  the amount of money taken in a business (生意中的)营业额，成交额 3  the number of people entering and leaving employment etc. 补缺人员数；新雇人员数；工作变动人数 4  a small pie or tart made by folding a piece of pastry over a filling 果馅饼，酥饼 5 US Sport  loss of possession of the ball to the opposing team [美]【运动】失球，丢球

turnpike /ˈtɜ:npaik/ n.  1 hist.  a defensive frame of spikes [史义] (防御用的)尖桩，鹿寨 2 hist.  a  a toll gate [史义]收税站；收费站b  a road on which a toll was collected at a toll gate 收税路 3 US  a motorway on which a toll is charged [美]收费公路

turnround /tɜ:nraʊnd/ n.  = TURNAROUND 

turnsick /ˈtɜ:nsik/ n.  = STURDYn. 

turnsole /ˈtɜ:nsəʊl/ n.  any of various plants supposed to turn with the sun, esp. the Mediterranean plant Chrozophora tinctoria 向阳性植物(尤指地中海一带的染色巴豆) [Old French tournesole via Provençal tournasol from Latin tornare TURN + sol ‘sun’]

turnspit /ˈtɜ:nspit/ n. hist.  a person, or small dog running on a treadmill, having the task of turning a spit [史义] (旧时用踏轮转动烤肉叉的)转叉雇工；转叉狗

turnstile /ˈtɜ:nstail/ n.  a gate for admission or exit, with revolving arms allowing people through singly (只许向同一方向逐个通过的)旋转栅门

turnstone /ˈtɜ:nstəʊn/ n.  any small wading bird of the genus Arenaria, which has a short bill and turns over stones to feed on small animals 翻石鹬(体小嘴短的涉水鸟，性喜翻动石头觅食)

turntable /ˈtɜ:nteib(ə)l/ n.  1  a circular revolving plate supporting a gramophone record that is being played (留声机上转动的圆形)唱盘 2  a circular revolving platform for turning a railway locomotive or other vehicle (铁路机车或其他车辆的)环形转车台

turn-up n.  1 Brit.  the lower turned-up end of a trouser leg [英] (裤腿的)翻边 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 turn-up for the books) Brit. colloq.  an unexpected (esp. welcome) happening; a surprise [英口] (尤指受人欢迎的)意想不到的事；令人惊喜的事

turpentine /ˈtɜ:p(ə)ntain/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 crude turpentine or gum turpentine)  an oleoresin secreted by certain trees, esp. pines, and distilled to make rosin and oil of turpentine (尤指从松树里分泌的、可提炼制做松香和松油的)松脂 2 (in full 全称 oil of turpentine)  a volatile pungent oil distilled from gum turpentine or pinewood, and used in mixing paints and varnishes, and in medicine 松节油，松木油(从松脂里或松木里提炼出的、有刺鼻气味的挥发性油，可掺合于油漆及药品中) 3  a tree yielding turpentine or a similar resin 松节油树，松木油树 ●v. tr.  apply turpentine to 给…涂松脂(或松节油) [Middle English via Old French ter(e)bentine from Latin ter(e)binthina (resina ‘resin’) (as TEREBINTH)]

turpeth /ˈtɜ:piθ/ n. (in full 全称 turpeth root)  the root of a tropical Asian plant, Ipomoea turpethum, used as a cathartic 药喇叭根(产于亚洲热带地区的草根，可用作泻药) [Middle English via medieval Latin turbit(h)um from Arabic & Persian turbid]

turpitude /ˈtɜ:pitju:d/ n. formal  baseness, depravity, wickedness [正式]卑鄙；恶劣；邪恶 [French turpitude or Latin turpitudo, from turpis ‘disgraceful, base’]

turps /tɜ:ps/ n. colloq.  oil of turpentine [口]松节油 [abbreviation]

turquoise /ˈtɜ:kwɔiz, -kwɑ:z/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a semi-precious stone, usu. opaque and of a greenish-blue or sky-blue colour, consisting of hydrated copper aluminium phosphate 绿松石(通常为不透明的青绿色或天蓝色半珍贵宝石，含有铜、铝、磷水合物) 2  a greenish-blue colour 绿松石色，青绿色 ●adj.  of this colour 绿松石色的，青绿色的 [Middle English turkeis etc. from Old French turqueise (later -oise) ‘Turkish’ (stone)]

turret /ˈtʌrit/ n.  1  a small tower, usu. projecting from the wall of a building as a decorative addition 角楼(通常从建筑物墙上伸出作为建筑物的装饰) 2  a low flat usu. revolving armoured tower for a gun and gunners in a ship, aircraft, fort, or tank (轮船、飞机、要塞或坦克上的)旋转炮台；旋转枪架 3  a rotating holder for tools in a lathe etc. (车床上固定刀具的)转台 □ turreted  adj.  有角楼的；角楼形的 [Middle English from Old French to(u)rete, diminutive of to(u)r TOWER]

turret lathe n.  = CAPSTAN LATHE 

turtle /ˈtɜ:t(ə)l/ n.  1  any of various marine or freshwater reptiles of the order Chelonia, encased in a shell of bony plates, and having flippers or webbed toes used in swimming 海龟；鳖，甲鱼(生活于海水中或淡水中的爬行动物，龟缩在骨状甲壳里，有用来游泳的蹼足) 2  the flesh of the turtle, esp. used for soup 海龟肉；甲鱼肉(尤用来烧汤) 3 Computing  a directional cursor in a computer graphics system which can be instructed to move around a screen 【计算】(计算机屏幕上用来指示方位的)光标 □ turn turtle   capsize; turn upside down (使)倾覆；(使)翻身 [apparently alteration of tortue: see TORTOISE]

turtle-dove /ˈtɜ:t(ə)ldʌv/ n.  any wild dove of the genus Streptopelia, esp. S. turtur, noted for its soft cooing and its affection for its mate and young 斑鸠(以其柔情咕咕声和对其配偶及幼仔特别柔情而享有盛誉的鸽类野鸟) [archaic turtle (in the same sense) via Old English turtla, turtle from Latin turtur, of imitative origin]

turtleneck /ˈtɜ:t(ə)lnek/ n.  1 Brit.  a high close-fitting neck on a knitted garment [英] (毛衣的)高翻领 2 US [美]  = POLO NECK 

turtle shell n. & adj. ●n.  = TORTOISESHELLn. 1  ●adj. (作 turtleshell)  = TORTOISESHELLadj. 

turves pl.  of TURF  

Tuscan /ˈtʌskən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an inhabitant of Tuscany in central Italy (意大利中部的)托斯卡纳人 2  the classical Italian language of Tuscany 托斯卡纳语(被视为古典的意大利语) ●adj.  1  of or relating to Tuscany or the Tuscans 托斯卡纳的；托斯卡纳人的 2 Archit.  denoting the least ornamented of the classical orders 【建】托斯卡纳柱型(古典建筑中装饰最简单的) [Middle English via French from Latin Tuscanus, from Tuscus ‘an Etruscan’]

Tuscan straw n.  fine yellow wheat straw used for hats etc. 托斯卡纳麦秆(用来制做帽子等的优质黄色麦秆)

tush1 /tʌʃ/ int. archaic  expressing strong disapproval or scorn [古义] (表示轻蔑或不赞成的)呸，啐 [Middle English: imitative]

tush2 /tʌʃ/ n.  1  a long pointed tooth, esp. a canine tooth of a horse 长牙；尖牙(尤指马的犬牙) 2  an elephant's short tusk (象的)短牙 [Old English tusc TUSK]

tush3 /tʊʃ/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  the buttocks [尤北美] [俚语]屁股 [Yiddish tokhes from Hebrew tahat ‘beneath’]

tusk /tʌsk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a long pointed tooth, esp. protruding from a closed mouth, as in the elephant, walrus, etc. (尤指象、海象等从闭着的嘴里长出的)长牙，獠牙 2  a tusklike tooth or other object 尖牙；尖状物 ●v. tr.  gore, thrust at, or tear up with a tusk or tusks (用獠牙)刺；抵；撕 □ tusked  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ tusky  adj.  有长牙的，有獠牙的 [Middle English alteration of Old English tux, variant of tusc: cf. TUSH2]

tusker /ˈtʌskə/ n.  an elephant or wild boar with well-developed tusks 长着威武长牙或獠牙的动物(如象、野猪)

tusk shell n.  1  any of various molluscs of the class Scaphopoda (各种掘足类的)软体动物 2  its long tubular tusk-shaped shell 角贝(掘足类软体动物的长管状贝壳)

tussah US var.  of TUSSORE [美] TUSSORE 的变体

tusser var.  of TUSSORE  TUSSORE 的变体

tussive /ˈtʌsiv/ adj.  of or relating to a cough 咳嗽的；与咳嗽有关的 [Latin tussis ‘a cough’]

tussle /ˈtʌs(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a struggle or scuffle 争斗；扭打 ●v. intr.  engage in a tussle 争斗；扭打 [originally Scots & northern English, perhaps diminutive of touse: see TOUSLE]

tussock /ˈtʌsək/ n.  1  a clump of grass etc. (青草等的)丛，簇 2 (in full 全称 tussock moth)  any moth of the family Lymantriidae, with hairy tufted larvae that are often pests of trees 毒蛾(蛾类的一种，其长满绒毛的幼虫往往是树木的害虫) □ tussocky  adj.  成丛的；成簇的；成束的；多草丛的 [16th c.: perhaps an alteration of dialect tusk ‘tuft’, of unknown origin]

tussock grass n.  a grass which grows in tussocks, esp. of the genus Poa, Nassella, or Deschampsia 丛生草

tussore /ˈtʌsɔ:, ˈtʌsə/ n. (also 亦作 tusser, US [美] tussah /ˈtʌsə/)  1  an Indian or Chinese silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, yielding strong but coarse brown silk 柞蚕(产于印度或中国的蚕，可制成结实但很粗糙的棕色丝绸) 2 (in full 全称 tussore-silk)  silk from this and some other silkworms 柞丝(源于柞蚕及其他蚕类的丝织物) [Urdu via Hindi tasar from Sanskrit tasara ‘shuttle’]

tut var.  of TUT-TUT  TUT-TUT 的变体

tutee /tju:ˈti:/ n.  a student or pupil of a tutor 受辅导的学生，接受单独指导的学生

tutelage /ˈtju:tilidʒ/ n.  1  guardianship 守护；监护 2  the state or duration of being under this 守护期；监护期 3  instruction, tuition 指导，辅导 [Latin tutela from tuēri tuit- or tut- ‘watch’]

tutelary /ˈtju:tiləri/ adj. (also 亦作 tutelar /-tilə/)  1  a  serving as guardian 守护的；监护的b  relating to a guardian 守护人的；监护人的  tutelary authority  监护人的权威 2  giving protection 保护的，守护的  tutelary saint  保护神 [Late Latin tutelaris, Latin -arius from tutela: see TUTELAGE]

tutenag /ˈtu:tinæɡ/ n.  1  zinc imported from China and SE Asia (从中国和东南亚地区进口的)锌 2  a white alloy like German silver (似德国银的)白合金 [Marathi tuttinɑˉg, perhaps from Sanskrit tuttha ‘copper sulphate’ + nɑˉga ‘tin, lead’]

tutor /ˈtju:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a private teacher, esp. one in general charge of a person's education 私人教师，家庭教师 2 Brit.  a university teacher supervising the studies or welfare of assigned undergraduates [英] (大学里指导学生学习的)指导教师 3 Brit.  a book of instruction in a subject [英] (某一学科的)学习指南，辅导手册 ●v.  1 tr.  act as a tutor to 当…的指导老师 2 intr.  work as a tutor 做指导，做辅导 3 tr.  restrain, discipline 约束；克制；训导 4 intr. US  receive tuition [美]接受单独指导(或辅导) □ tutorage  /-t(ə)ridʒ/ n.  □ tutorship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French tutour or Latin tutor, from tuēri tut- ‘watch’]

tutorial /tju:ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a tutor or tuition 家庭教师的；辅导教师的；大学导师的；指导的；辅导的 ●n.  1  a period of tuition given by a university etc. tutor to an individual or a small group (大学里导师给个人或某个小组的)个别指导时间 2  an account or explanation of a subject, printed or on-screen, intended for private study (通过印刷材料或屏幕就某一主题进行阐述或解释的)辅导 □ tutorially  adv.   [Latin tutorius (as TUTOR)]

tutsan /ˈtʌts(ə)n/ n.  a St John's wort, Hypericum androsaemum, formerly used to heal wounds etc. 土三金丝桃(从前圣约翰曾用来治伤的一种药草) [Middle English from Anglo-French tutsaine ‘all healthy’]

Tutsi /ˈtʊtsi/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or Tutsis)  a member of a Bantu-speaking people forming a minority of the population of Rwanda 图西人(说班图语的一支民族，卢旺达的一个少数民族) [Bantu]

tutti /ˈtʊti/ adv. & n. Mus. 【音】  ●adv.  with all voices or instruments together 全体齐唱地；全体齐奏地 ●n. (pl. tuttis)  a passage to be performed in this way 全体齐唱(或齐奏)的段落 [Italian, pl. of tutto ‘all’]

tutti-frutti /tu:tiˈfru:ti/ n. (pl. -fruttis)  a confection, esp. ice cream, of or flavoured with mixed fruits 什锦蜜饯；什锦水果冰淇淋；什锦果味 [Italian, = all fruits]

tut-tut /tʌtˈtʌt/ int., n. & v. (also 亦作 tut /tʌt/, tsk /tsk/, tsk tsk) ●int.  expressing rebuke, impatience, or contempt (表示指责、不耐烦或轻蔑等的)啧啧 ●n.  such an exclamation 啧啧声 ●v. intr. (-tutted, -tutting)  exclaim this 发出啧啧声 [imitative of a click of the tongue against the teeth]

tutty /ˈtʌti/ n.  impure zinc oxide or carbonate used as a polishing powder 粉状氧化锌(用作抛光粉) [Middle English via Old French tutie and medieval Latin tutia from Arabic tūtiyɑˉ]

tutu1 /ˈtu:tu:/ n.  a ballet dancer's short skirt of stiffened projecting frills (芭蕾舞女演员穿的)短裙 [French]

tutu2 /ˈtu:tu:/ n.  a shrub, Coriaria arborea, native to New Zealand, bearing poisonous purplish-black berries 新西兰马桑(产于新西兰的灌木，结有毒的紫黑色浆果) [Maori]

Tuvalu   图瓦卢

tu-whit tu-whoo /tʊˌwit tʊˈwu:/ n.  a representation of the cry of an owl 嘟噎－嘟呼(猫头鹰的鸣叫声) [imitative]

tux /tʌks/ n. N. Amer. colloq. [北美口]  = TUXEDO 

tuxedo /tʌkˈsi:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) N. Amer. [北美]  1  a dinner jacket 进餐礼服 2  a suit of clothes including this (包括进餐礼服在内的)一套礼服 [after a country club at Tuxedo Park, New York]

tuyère /twi:ˈjɛə, tu:-/ n. (also 亦作 tuyere, twyer /ˈtwaiə/)  a nozzle through which air is forced into a furnace etc. (冶金炉等的)风口，吹风管嘴 [French, from tuyau ‘pipe’]

TV abbr. [缩略]  television (the system or a set) 

TVEI abbr.  Technical and Vocational Educational Initiative [缩略]技术职业教育行动

TVP abbr. propr.  textured vegetable protein, a type of protein obtained from soya beans and made to resemble meat, esp. minced meat [缩略] [商标]植物蛋白(从大豆里获取的蛋白，可做成类似肉的东西，尤其是肉末)

twaddle /ˈtwɒd(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  useless, senseless, or dull writing or talk 蠢话，废话；胡说八道 ●v. intr.  indulge in this 写(或讲)蠢话，废话；胡说八道 □ twaddler  n.   [alteration of earlier twattle, alteration of TATTLE]

twain /twein/ adj. & n. archaic  two [古义]二，两个  usu. 通常作 in twain  [Old English twegen, masc. form of twɑˉ TWO]

twang /twæŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong ringing sound made by the plucked string of a musical instrument or a released bowstring (琴弦的)拨弄声，“嘣”的一声；射箭声，“嗖”的一声 2  the nasal quality of a voice compared to this (某些方言的)鼻音；土音 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  emit or cause to emit this sound (使)发出“嘣”的一声 2 tr. usu. derog.  play (a tune or instrument) in this way [通常贬]弹拨(一个调子)；弹奏(乐器) 3 tr.  utter with a nasal twang 带鼻音说话 □ twangy  adj.   [imitative]

'twas /twɒz, twəz/ archaic [古义]  it was  [contraction]

twat /twɒt, twæt/ n. coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  1  the female genitals 女性生殖器，女阴 2  a term of contempt for a person 讨厌的人 [17th c.: origin unknown]

twayblade /ˈtweibleid/ n.  any orchid of the genus Listera etc., with green or purple flowers and a single pair of leaves 羊耳蒜，双叶兰(开绿色或紫色花，只有两片叶子的兰科植物) [tway, variant of TWAIN + BLADE]

tweak /twi:k/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  pinch and twist sharply; pull with a sharp jerk; twitch (用力)扭；拧 2  make fine adjustments to (a mechanism) 把(机器的)马力开足 ●n.  an instance of tweaking 扭一下；拧一下 [probably an alteration of dialect twick from Old English twiccian: related to TWITCH]

twee /twi:/ adj. (tweer /ˈtwi:ə/; tweest /ˈtwi:ist/) Brit. usu. derog.  affectedly dainty or quaint [英] [通常贬]故作多情的；矫揉造作的；俗丽之极的 □ tweely  adv.  □ tweeness  n.   [childish pronunciation of SWEET]

tweed /twi:d/ n.  1  a rough-surfaced woollen cloth, usu. of mixed flecked colours, originally produced in Scotland 粗花呢(常有混杂斑点色，原产于苏格兰) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  clothes made of tweed 粗花呢服装 [originally a misreading of tweel, Scots form of TWILL, influenced by association with the river Tweed]

Tweedledum and Tweedledee /twi:d(ə)lˈdʌm, twi:d(ə)lˈdi:/ n.  a pair of persons or things that are virtually indistinguishable 难以区分的两个人；难以区别的两件事物 [originally applied to the rival composers Handel and Bononcini in a satire (1725) by J. Byron]

tweedy /ˈtwi:di/ adj. (tweedier, tweediest)  1  of or relating to tweed cloth 粗花呢(制)的；似粗花呢的 2  characteristic of the country gentry; heartily informal 衣着随便的；喜欢轻松户外活动的 □ tweedily  adv.  □ tweediness  n.  

'tween /twi:n/ prep. archaic [古义]  = BETWEEN  [contraction]

'tween-decks n. pl. Naut.  the space between decks 【海】(两层甲板之间的)中间甲板，甲板间

tweet /twi:t/ n. & v. (also 亦作 tweet tweet) ●n.  the chirp of a small bird (小鸟的)啁啾声，啾啾声 ●v. intr.  make a chirping noise 发出啾啾声；啾啾地叫 [imitative]

tweeter /ˈtwi:tə/ n.  a loudspeaker designed to reproduce high frequencies 高频扬声器

tweezers /ˈtwi:zəz/ n. pl.  a small pair of pincers for taking up small objects, plucking out hairs, etc. (用来夹起小物体、拔毛等用的)镊子；小钳子 [extended form of tweezes (cf. pincers etc.), pl. of obsolete tweeze, a case for small instruments, from etweese = étuis, pl. of ÉTUI]

twelfth /twelfθ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 12 in the sequence 1 － 12 第十二 2  something occupying this position 第十二(个) 3  each of twelve equal parts of a thing 十二分之一 4 Mus. 【音】  a  an interval or chord spanning an octave and a fifth in the diatonic scale (自然音阶中的)第十二音级b  a note separated from another by this interval 十二度和音 ●adj.  that is the twelfth 第十二的 □ twelfthly  adv.   [Old English twelfta (as TWELVE)]

Twelfth Day n. 6 Jan., the twelfth day after Christmas, the festival of the Epiphany 主显节(圣诞节后的第 12 天，即 1 月 6 日，纪念耶稣显灵的节日)

twelfth man n.  a reserve member of a cricket team (板球的)预备队员，替补队员

Twelfth Night n.  1  the evening of 5 Jan., the eve of the Epiphany 主显节除夕夜(即 1 月 5 日夜) 2  = TWELFTH DAY 

twelve /twelv/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than eleven; the product of two units and six units 十二 2  a symbol for this (12, xii, XII) 表示十二的符号 (12, xii, XII) 3  a size etc. denoted by twelve 编号为 12 的东西 4  twelve o'clock 12 点钟 5 (作 the Twelve)  the twelve Apostles (耶稣的)十二门徒 6 (作 12) Brit. (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 12 years and over [英]适合 12 岁及 12 岁以上的人看的电影 ●adj.  that amount to twelve 12 (个)的 [Old English twelf(e) from Germanic: probably related to TWO]

twelvefold /ˈtwelvfəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  twelve times as much or as many 十二倍的(地) 2  consisting of twelve parts 有十二部分的(地)

twelvemo /ˈtwelvməʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  = DUODECIMO 

twelvemonth /ˈtwelvmʌnθ/ n. archaic  a year; a period of twelve months [古义] 12 个月， 1 年

twelve-note adj. (also 亦作 twelve-tone) Mus.  using the twelve chromatic notes of the octave on an equal basis without dependence on a key system 【音】十二音的；运用十二音体系的

twenty /ˈtwenti/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  the product of two and ten 二十 2  a symbol for this (20, xx, XX) 表示二十的符号 (20, xx, XX) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  the numbers from 20 to 29, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life (人的寿命中) 20 到 29 岁的时期；(世纪的) 20 年代 4 colloq.  a large indefinite number [口]数目很大的，许多的  have told you twenty times  已经告诉你好多次了 ●adj.  that amount to twenty 20 (个)的 □ twenty-first, -second, etc.   the ordinal numbers between twentieth and thirtieth 第 20 到第 30 之间的各序数词□ twenty-one, -two, etc.   the cardinal numbers between twenty and thirty 20 到 30 之间的各基数词□ twentieth  adj. & n.  第 20(的)□ twentyfold  adj. & adv.  20 倍的(地) [Old English twentig (perhaps as TWO, -TY2)]

twenty-twenty adj. (also 亦作 20/20)  1  denoting vision of normal acuity (指视力)正常的 2 colloq.  denoting clear perception or hindsight [口]感觉清楚的；事后才清楚的

'twere /twɜ:/ archaic [古义]  it were  [contraction]

twerp /twɜ:p/ n. (also 亦作 twirp) slang  a stupid or objectionable person [俚语]笨蛋；讨厌的家伙 [19th c.: origin unknown]

twibill /ˈtwaibil/ n.  a double-bladed battleaxe 双刃战斧 [Old English, from twi- ‘double’ + BILL3]

twice /twais/ adv.  1  two times (esp. of multiplication); on two occasions 两倍；两次 2  in double degree or quantity 强(或好)得多  twice as good  好得多 [Middle English twiges from Old English twige (as TWO, -S3)]

twiddle /ˈtwid(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 with etc.) intr.  twirl, adjust, or play randomly or idly (胡乱地或无聊地)旋弄，捻弄；摆弄 2 intr.  move twirlingly 轻轻地转动 ●n.  1  an act of twiddling 旋弄，捻弄；摆弄 2  a twirled mark or sign 轻轻旋转的标记(或符号) □ twiddle one's thumbs   1  make them rotate round each other 旋弄两手的大拇指 2  have nothing to do 闲着无事□ twiddler  n.  □ twiddly  adj.   [apparently imitative, influenced by twirl, twist, and fiddle, piddle]

twig1 /twiɡ/ n.  1  a small branch or shoot of a tree or shrub (树木或灌木的)细枝；嫩芽 2 Anat.  a small branch of an artery etc. 【解】(动脉血管的)小支 □ twigged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  有细枝的；多分支的□ twiggy  adj.   [Old English twigge, from a Germanic root also found in TWICE, TWO]

twig2 /twiɡ/ v. tr. (twigged, twigging) Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  understand; grasp the meaning or nature of 懂得，理解；明白，领悟 2  perceive, observe 看出，察觉出 [18th c.: origin unknown]

twilight /ˈtwailait/ n.  1  the soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, esp. in the evening 晨曦；暮色(尤指黄昏暮色) 2  the period of this 黄昏时；黎明时 3  a faint light 微光 4  a state of imperfect knowledge or understanding 懵懂；(意义的)模糊 5  a period of decline or destruction 衰落时期 [Middle English, from Old English twi- ‘two’ (in uncertain sense) + LIGHT1]

twilight sleep n. Med.  a state of partial narcosis, esp. to ease the pain of childbirth 【医】(尤指分娩时减轻痛苦的)朦胧麻醉，半麻醉

twilight zone n.  1  an urban area that is becoming dilapidated 正在衰败的城区 2  any physical or conceptual area which is undefined or intermediate (介于界限分明的两者之间的)过渡区域；模糊状态

twilit /ˈtwailit/ adj. (also 亦作 twilighted /-laitid/)  dimly illuminated by or as by twilight 暮光(或晨光)照亮的；朦胧的，模糊的 [past part. of the verb twilight, from TWILIGHT]

'twill /twil/ archaic [古义]  it will  [contraction]

twill /twil/ n. & v. ●n.  a fabric so woven as to have a surface of diagonal parallel ridges 斜纹织物，斜纹布 ●v. tr. (esp. as twilled adj. 尤作 twilled)  weave (fabric) in this way 把(织物)织成斜纹 □ twilled  adj.   [northern English variant of obsolete twilly from Old English twili (from twi- ‘double’), translating Latin bilix (as BI-, licium ‘thread’)]

twin /twin/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  each of a closely related or associated pair, esp. of children or animals born at the same birth (指小孩或动物)孪生儿之一，双胞胎之一 2  the exact counterpart of a person or thing 两个非常相像(或密切相关)的人(或物) 3  a compound crystal one part of which is in a reversed position with reference to the other 孪晶(复合晶体，其中一部分与另一部分呈颠倒位置) 4 (作 the Twins)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Gemini 双子(星)座 ●adj.  1  forming, or being one of, such a pair 孪生的，双胞胎的  twin brothers  孪生兄弟 2 Bot.  growing in pairs 【植】孪生的，双生的 3  consisting of two closely connected and similar parts 两个密切相关(或非常相像)的人(或物)的 ●v. (twinned, twinning)  1 tr. & intr.  a  join intimately together 使相连，使偶合b (foll. by 后跟 with)  pair 使成对，使成双 2 intr.  bear twins 生双胞胎 3 intr.  grow as a twin crystal 使结成孪晶 4 intr. & tr. Brit.  link or cause (a town) to link with one in a different country, for the purposes of friendship and cultural exchange [英] (为了友谊和文化交流)使(某城与外国的另一城市)结为姊妹城市 □ twinning  n.   [Old English twinn ‘double’, from twi- ‘two’: cf. Old Norse tvinnr]

twin bed n.  each of a pair of single beds (成对的一张)单人床 □ twin-bedded  adj.  

twin-cam attrib. adj. (esp. of an engine) having two camshafts (尤指发电机)双凸轮轴的

twine /twain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strong thread or string of two or more strands of hemp or cotton etc. twisted together (两股或多股捻在一起的)麻线(绳)；棉线(绳) 2  a coil or twist 缠绕的东西；扭曲的东西 3  a tangle; an interlacing 缠绕，盘绕；交织，交错 ●v.  1 tr.  form (a string or thread etc.) by twisting strands together 搓，捻(绳、线等) 2 tr.  form (a garland etc.) of interwoven material 编织(花环等) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  garland (a brow etc.) 给(额头)戴上花环 4 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 round, about, around)  coil or wind 使缠绕；使环绕 5 intr. & refl. (of a plant) grow in this way (植物)盘绕，缠绕 □ twiner  n.   [Old English twīn, twigin ‘linen’, ultimately from the stem of twi- ‘two’]

twin-engined adj.  having two engines 双引擎的

twinge /twin(d)ʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp momentary local pain or pang (局部的)剧痛，刺痛；阵痛  a twinge of toothache  一阵剧烈的牙痛 a twinge of conscience  良心的刺痛 ●v. intr. & tr. (twingeing or twinging)  experience or cause to experience a twinge (使)感到剧痛，刺痛 [Old English twengan ‘pinch, wring’, from Germanic]

twinkle /ˈtwiŋk(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a star or light etc.) shine with rapidly intermittent gleams (指星星或光等)闪烁，闪耀 2 intr. (of the eyes) sparkle, esp. with amusement (尤指眼睛因愉悦而)闪光，闪亮 3 intr. (of the feet in dancing) move lightly and rapidly (指跳舞的双脚)轻快地移动 4 tr.  emit (a light or signal) in quick gleams 使(光芒或信号)闪烁 5 tr.  blink or wink (one's eyes) 眨(眼) ●n.  1  a  a sparkle or gleam of the eyes (眼睛的)闪光，闪亮b  a blink or wink 眨眼 2  a slight flash of light; a glimmer 闪烁，闪耀；微弱的闪光 3  a short rapid movement 瞬间，一刹那 □ in a twinkle (or a twinkling or the twinkling of an eye)   in an instant 眨眼之间，瞬息之间□ twinkler  n.  □ twinkly  adj.   [Old English twinclian]

twin-screw attrib. adj. (of a ship) having two propellers on separate shafts with opposite twists (轮船)双螺旋桨的，双推进器的

twinset /ˈtwinset/ n. esp. Brit.  a woman's matching cardigan and jumper [尤英]女式两件套毛衣

twin town n. Brit.  a town which is twinned with another [英]姐妹城市

twirl /twɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  spin or swing or twist quickly and lightly round 旋转；捻弄；扭转，卷曲 ●n.  1  a twirling motion 旋转，转动；扭转，卷曲 2  a form made by twirling, esp. a flourish made with a pen 螺旋形的东西；花饰；(尤指用笔写出的)花体字 □ twirler  n.  □ twirly  adj.   [16th c.: probably alteration (by association with whirl) of obsolete tirl TRILL]

twirp var.  of TWERP  TWERP 的变体

twist /twist/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  change the form of by rotating one end and not the other or the two ends in opposite directions 旋动，旋转(转动一端或使两端朝相反方向转动)b intr.  undergo such a change; take a twisted position 使弯曲；扭弯  twisted round in his seat  他扭着身子坐在座位上c tr.  wrench or pull out of shape with a twisting action 扭歪；扭伤；使成畸形  twisted my ankle  我扭伤了脚踝 2 tr.  a  wind (strands etc.) about each other 使(线绳等)盘绕，使缠绕b  form (a rope etc.) by winding the strands 捻，搓；捻成或搓成(线绳等)c (foll. by 后跟 with, in with)  interweave 使交织；编织d  form by interweaving or twining 编成(或搓成) 3  a tr.  give a spiral form to (a rod, column, cord, etc.) as by rotating the ends in opposite directions 使(棒、柱、带子等)扭转；使成螺旋形b intr.  take a spiral form 呈螺旋形 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 off)  break off or separate by twisting 扭脱；挣脱；拧开 5 tr.  distort or misrepresent the meaning of (words) 歪曲；曲解(词义) 6  a intr.  take a curved course 呈曲线前进b tr.  make (one's way) in a winding manner 弯弯曲曲地走(路) 7 tr. Brit. slang  cheat [英] [俚语]欺骗，欺诈  twisted me out of £ 20  骗了我 20 英镑 8 tr. Brit.  cause (the ball, esp. in billiards) to rotate while following a curved path [英] (尤指台球运动中)使(球)旋转并呈曲线前进 9 tr. (as 作 twisted adj.) (of a person or mind) emotionally unbalanced 心烦意乱的；精神反常的 10 intr.  dance the twist 跳扭摆舞 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of twisting 转动，旋转 2  a  a twisted state 弯曲形状；螺旋状态b  the manner or degree in which a thing is twisted 螺旋形线条；螺旋形运动；螺旋形进程 3  a thing formed by or as by twisting, esp. a thread or rope etc. made by winding strands together (尤指线或绳等)捻合成的东西；卷绕成的东西 4  the point at which a thing twists or bends 曲折点，弯曲处 5 usu. derog.  a peculiar tendency of mind or character etc. ([通常贬]) (心理或性格等的)怪癖；偏执 6  an unexpected development of events, esp. in a story etc. (尤指故事等情节的)意想不到的转折 7  a fine strong silk thread used by tailors etc. (裁缝等用的)丝线 8  a roll of bread, tobacco, etc., in the form of a twist 卷状物的东西(如麻花状面包、烟草卷等) 9 Brit.  a paper packet with screwed-up ends [英] (末端扭紧而成的)纸卷 10  a curled piece of lemon etc. peel to flavour a drink (给饮料调味用的柠檬等的)一片 11  a spinning motion given to a ball in cricket etc. to make it take a special curve (板球等运动中击球时加于球上的)曲线旋转，横向旋转 12  a  a twisting strain 扭歪；扭伤b  the amount of twisting of a rod etc., or the angle showing this (铁棒等物体的)扭度；扭转角c  forward motion combined with rotation about an axis (绕着中轴的)旋转前行运动 13 Brit.  a drink made of two ingredients mixed together [英] (两种酒的)混合酒 14 Brit. slang  a swindle [英] [俚语]欺骗，诈骗 15 (prec. by 前接 the)  a dance with a twisting movement of the body, popular in the 1960s 扭摆舞 (20 世纪 60 年代流行的一种身体不断扭摆的舞蹈) □ round the twist  Brit. colloq.  crazy [英口]疯狂的；疯癫的□ twist a person's arm  colloq.  apply coercion, esp. by moral pressure [口]对某人施加压力(尤指道德方面的压力)□ twist round one's finger   see 见 FINGER □ twistable  adj.  □ twisty  adj. (twistier, twistiest)   [Old English from Germanic: related to TWIN, TWINE]

twister /ˈtwistə/ n.  1 Brit. colloq.  a swindler; a dishonest person [英口]骗子；不诚实的人 2  a twisting ball in cricket, billiards, etc. (板球、台球等运动中的)旋转球 3 N. Amer.  a tornado or waterspout [北美]旋风，龙卷风

twit1 /twit/ n. esp. Brit. colloq.  a silly or foolish person [尤英口]笨蛋，傻瓜 □ twittish  adj.   [originally dialect: perhaps from TWIT2]

twit2 /twit/ v. tr. (twitted, twitting)  reproach or taunt, usu. good-humouredly 嘲笑；逗弄； (常幽默善意地)挖苦 [16th-c. twite via atwite from Old English œtwītan ‘reproach with’, from œt ‘at’ + wītan ‘to blame’]

twitch /twitʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of the features, muscles, limbs, etc.) move or contract spasmodically (指面部、肌肉、四肢等)抽搐，抽动 2 tr.  give a short sharp pull at 急拉，急扯；猛夺 ●n.  1  a  a sudden involuntary contraction or movement 抽动，抽搐；痉挛b  a pang; a twinge 阵痛；抽痛；刺痛  a twitch of irritation  一阵激怒 2  a sudden pull or jerk 猛拉，急扯 3  a noose and stick for controlling a horse during a veterinary operation (做兽医手术时为控制住马而用的)马勒，捻鼻器 □ twitchy  adj. (twitchier, twitchiest)   [Middle English from Germanic: probably related to TWEAK]

twitcher /ˈtwitʃə/ n.  1 Brit. slang  a birdwatcher who tries to get sightings of rare birds [英] [俚语]观察研究稀有鸟类的人 2  a person or thing that twitches 抽搐的人；抽动的东西

twitch grass /twitʃ/ n.  = COUCH2  [variant of QUITCH]

twite /twait/ n.  a moorland finch, Acanthis flavirostris, resembling the linnet 黄嘴朱顶雀(沼泽地雀科鸣鸟，类似朱顶雀) [imitative of its cry]

twitter /ˈtwitə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a bird) emit a succession of light tremulous sounds (指鸟)吱吱叫，啁啾b  talk rapidly in an idle or trivial way 唧唧喳喳地讲话 2 tr.  utter or express in this way 唧唧喳喳地讲述(或叙说) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of twittering 吱吱声，啁啾声；唧唧喳喳声 2 colloq. [口]  a tremulously excited state (因激动引起的)颤抖；紧张 □ twitterer  n.  □ twittery  adj.   [Middle English, imitative]

'twixt /twikst/ prep. archaic [古义]  = BETWIXT  [contraction]

twizzle /ˈtwiz(ə)l/ v. & n. colloq. or dial. [口] [方] ●v. tr. & intr.  twist, turn 拧，旋转，转动 ●n.  a twist or turn (一)拧，(一)转 [probably imitative, influenced by TWIST]

two /tu:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  one more than one; the sum of one unit and another unit 二，两个 2  a symbol for this (2, ii, II) 表示二的符号 (2, ii, II) 3  a size etc. denoted by two (尺码等)2 号的东西 4  two o'clock 2 点钟 5  a set of two 两个一套(一组) 6  a card with two pips 带 2 点的牌 ●adj.  that amount to two 二的，两个的 □ in two   in or into two pieces (分为)两半；两部分地□ in two shakes (or ticks)   see 见 SHAKE, TICK1 □ or two   denoting several 几个，几件  a thing or two  = several things 几件事□ put two and two together   make (esp. an obvious) inference from what is known or evident 根据现有的事实推断，综合起来判断□ that makes two of us  colloq.  that is true of me also [口]对我来说也是如此□ two by two (or two and two)   in pairs 成双成对地□ two can play at that game  colloq.  another person's behaviour can be copied to that person's disadvantage [口]这一套你会我也会(表示报复)□ two a penny   see 见 PENNY  [Old English twɑˉ (fem. & neut.), tū (neut.), with Germanic cognates and related to Sanskrit dwau, dwe, Greek & Latin duo]

two-bit adj. N. Amer. colloq.  cheap, petty [北美口]便宜的，廉价的；微不足道的

two-by-four n.  a length of timber with a rectangular cross-section nominally 2 in. by 4 in. 截面为 2 英寸乘以 4 英寸的木材

two cultures n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  the arts and science [英]两类文化(指社会科学和自然科学)

two-dimensional adj.  1  having or appearing to have length and breadth but no depth 二维的，平面的(只有长度和宽度，而没有深度的) 2  lacking depth or substance; superficial 缺乏深度的；肤浅的

two-edged adj.  double-edged 双刃的

two-faced adj.  1  having two faces 两面的，双面的 2  insincere; deceitful 两面派的；圆滑虚伪的

twofold /ˈtu:fəʊld/ adj. & adv.  1  twice as much or as many 两倍的(地) 2  consisting of two parts 两部分的(地)

two-handed adj.  1  having, using, or requiring the use of two hands 有两只手的；需要使用双手的 2 (of a card game) for two players (牌戏)两人玩的

twoness /ˈtu:nis/ n.  the fact or state of being two; duality 二；二重性

twopence /ˈtʌp(ə)ns/ n. Brit. [英]  1  the sum of two pence, esp. before decimalization (尤指英国货币实行十进位制之前的)两便士 2 (esp. with neg. 尤用于否定) colloq.  a thing of little value [口]价值微乎其微的东西；微不足道的东西  don't care twopence  不要在乎

twopenn'orth /tu:ˈpenəθ/ n.  1  as much as is worth or costs twopence 值两便士的东西 2  a paltry or insignificant amount 少得可怜的一点东西，微不足道的一点东西 □ add (or put in) one's twopenn'orth  colloq.  contribute one's opinion [口]提出自己的看法

twopenny /ˈtʌp(ə)ni/ adj. Brit. [英]  1  costing two pence, esp. before decimalization (尤指实行十进位制之前)值两便士的 2 colloq.  cheap, worthless [口]廉价的，不值钱的

twopenny-halfpenny /tʌpniˈheipni/ adj.  cheap, insignificant 廉价的；微不足道的；毫无意义的

two-piece adj. & n. ●attrib. adj. (of a suit etc.) consisting of two matching items (衣服等)两件一套的 ●n.  a two-piece suit etc. 两件一套的衣服

two-ply adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  of two strands, webs, or thicknesses (线、网等)双股的；两层厚的；双重的 ●n.  1  two-ply wool 双股毛线 2  two-ply wood made by gluing together two layers with the grain in different directions (由胶粘合在一起的)两层木板

two-seater n.  1  a vehicle or aircraft with two seats 双座汽车；双座飞机 2  a sofa etc. for two people 双人沙发(等)

two-sided adj.  1  having two sides 两边的，双边的；两面的 2  having two aspects; controversial 两方面的；两重性的；有争议的

twosome /ˈtu:səm/ n.  1  two persons together 两个人一组 2  a game, dance, etc., for two persons 两人游戏；两人比赛；双人舞蹈

two-step n.  a round dance with a sliding step in march or polka time 二步舞

two-stroke adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1 (of an internal-combustion engine) having its power cycle completed in one up-and-down movement of the piston (内燃机车)二冲程的 2 (of a vehicle) having a two-stroke engine (汽车)二冲程发动机的 ●n.  a two-stroke engine or vehicle 二冲程发动机；二冲程汽车

two-time v. tr. colloq. [口]  1  deceive or be unfaithful to (esp. a partner or lover) (尤指对伙伴或爱人)不忠；欺骗 2  swindle, double-cross 欺骗；出卖 □ two-timer  n.  

two-tone attrib. adj.  having two colours or sounds 有两种色彩的；发双音的

'twould /twʊd/ archaic [古义]  it would  [contraction]

two-up n. Austral. & NZ  a gambling game played by tossing two coins with bets placed on a showing of two heads or two tails [澳新]抛双币打赌法(一种赌博游戏，把两枚硬币同时抛高后猜测落地时是双正面还是双反面)

two-way adj.  1  involving two ways or participants 双行道的；有两人(或两组)参加的；两方的 2 (of a switch) permitting a current to be switched on or off from either of two points (指开关)双路的 3 (of a radio) capable of transmitting and receiving signals (指无线电)收发两用的 4 (of a tap etc.) permitting fluid etc. to flow in either of two channels or directions (龙头、阀门等)双通的 5 (of traffic etc.) moving in two esp. opposite directions (指交通等)双向的(尤指呈相反方向)

two-way mirror n.  a panel of glass that can be seen through from one side and is a mirror on the other 单向透明玻璃镜

two-wheeler n.  a vehicle with two wheels 两轮车；自行车

twyer var.  of TUY ÈRE TUYÈRE 的变体

TX abbr. US  Texas (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]得克萨斯州(正式邮政用语)

-ty1 /ti/ suffix  forming nouns denoting quality or condition (cruelty 残忍 ; plenty 大量) 构成名词，表示“性质”，“状态” [Middle English -tie, -tee, -te via Old French -té, -tet from Latin -tas -tatis: cf. -ITY]

-ty2 /ti/ suffix  denoting tens (twenty 20; thirty 30; ninety 90) 表示“ 10 ”，“ 10 个” [Old English -tig]

tychism /ˈtaikiz(ə)m/ n. Philos.  the theory that chance controls the universe 【哲】偶成论(认为偶然性控制着宇宙自然) [Greek tukhē ‘chance’]

tycoon /taiˈku:n/ n.  1  a business magnate 商业巨头 2 hist.  a title used to describe the shogun of Japan to Westerners 1857 － 68 [史义] (1857 至 1868 年间日本的)幕府将军 [Japanese taikun ‘great lord’]

tying pres. part.  of TIE  

tyke /taik/ n. (also 亦作 tike)  1 esp. Brit.  an unpleasant or coarse man [尤英]令人讨厌的人；粗鲁的人 2  a mongrel 杂种狗 3  a small child 小孩子；小淘气 4 Brit. slang  a Yorkshireman [英] [俚语]约克郡人 5 Austral. & NZ slang offens.  a Roman Catholic [澳新] [俚语] [冒犯]罗马天主教徒 [Middle English from Old Norse tík ‘bitch’: sense 5 assimilated from TAIG]

tylopod /ˈtailəpɒd/ n. & adj. Zool. 【动】  ●n.  any animal that bears its weight on the sole-pads of the feet rather than on the hoofs, esp. the camel 骈足下目动物(尤指骆驼) ●adj. (of an animal) bearing its weight in this way (指动物)有骈足的，趾底有肉垫的 □ tylopodous  /-ˈlɒpədəs/ adj.   [Greek tulos ‘knob’ or tulē ‘callus, cushion’ + pous podos ‘foot’]

tympan /ˈtimpən/ n.  1 Printing  an appliance in a printing press used to equalize pressure between the platen etc. and a printing-sheet 【印刷】压印滚筒覆面纸(印刷机上用以调整印刷压力的衬垫纸) 2 Archit. 【建】  = TYMPANUM  [French tympan or Latin tympanum: see TYMPANUM]

tympana pl.  of TYMPANUM  

tympani var.  of TIMPANI  TIMPANI 的变体

tympanic /timˈpænik/ adj.  1 Anat.  of, relating to, or having a tympanum 【解】鼓膜的；鼓室的 2  resembling or acting like a drumhead 鼓的；似鼓的

tympanic bone n. Anat.  the bone supporting the tympanic membrane 【解】鼓骨(支撑鼓膜的骨头)

tympanic membrane n. Anat.  the membrane separating the outer ear and middle ear and transmitting vibrations resulting from sound waves to the inner ear; the eardrum 【解】鼓膜(使外耳和中耳分开，并把声波振动传到内耳的细胞膜)；耳鼓

tympanites /timpəˈnaiti:z/ n. Med.  a swelling of the abdomen caused by gas in the intestine etc. 【医】(肠内等气体造成的)腹部气臌，鼓胀 □ tympanitic  /-ˈnitik/ adj.   [Late Latin from Greek tumpanitēs of a drum (as TYMPANUM)]

tympanum /ˈtimpənəm/ n. (pl. tympanums or tympana /-nə/)  1 Anat. 【解】  a  the middle ear 中耳b  the tympanic membrane 鼓膜，耳膜 2 Zool.  the membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg etc. of an insect 【动】鸣腔(覆盖在昆虫腿部及其他部位上听觉器官的鼓膜) 3 Archit. 【建】  a  a vertical triangular space forming the centre of a pediment 山墙饰内的三角面部分b  a similar space over a door between the lintel and the arch; a carving on this space 拉梁和拱圈间的弧形部分；(该部位上的)雕饰 4  a drum-wheel etc. for raising water from a stream (从溪水中提水的)鼓形水车 [Latin from Greek tumpanon ‘drum’, from tuptō ‘strike’]

tympany /ˈtimpəni/ n. (esp. in veterinary medicine 尤用于兽医学)  = TYMPANITES 

Tynesider /ˈtainsaidə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of Tyneside, or specifically of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in NE England (英格兰东北部的)泰恩河畔居民(尤指泰恩河畔的纽卡斯尔城居民)

Tynwald /ˈtinw(ə)ld/ n.  the parliament of the Isle of Man (英国马恩岛的)议会 [Old Norse thing-völlr ‘place of assembly’, from thing ‘assembly’ + völlr ‘field’]

type /taip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a class of things or persons having common characteristics 具有共同特性的一类人(或事物)b  a kind or sort 类型；种类  would like a different type of car  想要一种不同类型的车 2  a person, thing, or event serving as an illustration, symbol, or characteristic specimen of another, or of a class 榜样；典型(可用来说明、象征或反映某一类型特征的某人、某物或某事) 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  made of, resembling, or functioning as 型；类；种  ceramic-type material  陶瓷类材料 Cheddar-type cheese  切达型奶酪 4 colloq.  a person, esp. of a specified character [口]具有某种特点的人  is rather a quiet type  是一个颇不爱说话的人 is not really my type  并不真是我所喜欢的那一类人 5  an object, conception, or work of art serving as a model for subsequent artists 模式；标本(可为以后的艺术家用作模型的某一物体、概念或艺术品) 6 Printing 【印刷】  a  a piece of metal etc. with a raised letter or character on its upper surface for use in printing (用于印刷的)铅字，活字b  such pieces collectively 铅字，活字(总称)c  printed characters produced by type 印刷字体；字符  printed in large type  用大号字体印刷的 7  a device on either side of a medal or coin (奖章或硬币上的)图案 8 Theol.  a foreshadowing in the Old Testament of a person or event of the Christian dispensation 【神】预示，预兆，(基督教《圣经·旧约》中的)预示性的人物(或事件) 9 Biol.  an organism having or chosen as having the essential characteristics of its group and giving its name to the next highest group 【生】(具有同类有机体基本特征、并以其名称来总括同类的)模式种；模式属 ●v.  1 tr.  be a type or example of 作为…的典型(或榜样) 2 tr. & intr.  write with a typewriter 用打字机打 3 tr. esp. Biol. & Med.  assign to a type; classify (尤)【生】【医】(按类型)分类 4 tr.  = TYPECAST  □ in type  Printing  composed and ready for printing 【印刷】排好版(准备付印)的□ typal  adj.   [Middle English via French type or Latin typus from Greek tupos ‘impression, figure, type’, from tuptō ‘strike’]

typecast /ˈtaipkɑ:st/ v. tr. (past and past part. -cast)  assign (an actor or actress) repeatedly to the same type of role, esp. one in character 分配(演员)担任与其性格相应的角色；经常分配(演员)担任演同一类型的角色

typeface /ˈtaipfeis/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a set of types or characters in a particular design (某一特定设计的)全部字体 2  the inked part of type, or the impression made by this (铅字的)字面；印出的文字(或图案)

type founder n.  a designer and maker of metal types 铸字工；字体设计者

type foundry n.  a foundry where type is made 铸字车间

type metal n.  an alloy of lead etc., used for casting printing types 铅字合金(用以铸造印刷字体)

typescript /ˈtaipskript/ n.  a typewritten document 打印材料，打印文字

typesetter /ˈtaipsetə/ n. Printing 【印刷】  1  a person who composes type 排字工人 2  a composing machine 排字机 □ typeset  v. tr. (-setting; past and past part. -set) (also absol. [亦含宾])  把…排字□ typesetting  n. (also 亦作 attrib.)  排字

type site n. Archaeol.  a site where objects regarded as defining the characteristics of a period etc. are found 【考古】标准遗址(被定为具特定时期文化特征的文物的出土地点)

type size n.  a size of type usu. specified by name, e.g. pica etc. 活字字号(常由名称区分，如西文中的 12 点活字等)

type specimen n. Biol.  the specimen used for naming and describing a new species 【生】(用来标明和描述一种新物种的)模式标本

typewriter /ˈtaipraitə/ n.  a machine with keys for producing printlike characters one at a time on paper inserted round a roller 打字机 □ typewriting  n.  

typewritten /ˈtaipwrit(ə)n/ adj.  produced with a typewriter 打印的，用打字机打出的

typhlitis /tiˈflaitis/ n.  inflammation of the caecum 盲肠炎 □ typhlitic  /-ˈflitik/ adj.   [modern Latin from Greek tuphlon ‘caecum or blind gut’ (from tuphlos ‘blind’) + -ITIS]

typhoid /ˈtaifɔid/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (in full 全称 typhoid fever)  an infectious bacterial fever with an eruption of red spots on the chest and abdomen and severe intestinal irritation 伤寒(传染性细菌发热疾病，胸膛和腹部会出现红斑，并有严重的肠道发炎) 2  a similar disease of animals (动物患的)类伤寒病 ●adj.  like typhus 似斑疹伤寒的 □ typhoidal  adj.   [TYPHUS + -OID]

typhoid condition n. (also 亦作 typhoid state)  a state of depressed vitality occurring in many acute diseases 伤寒状态(精神不振现象，为许多急性病所共有)

typhoon /taiˈfu:n/ n.  a tropical storm in the western Pacific 台风(西太平洋的一种热带风暴) □ typhonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.   [partly via Portuguese tufɑˉo from Arabic tūfɑˉn (perhaps from Greek tuphōn ‘whirlwind’); partly from Chinese dialect tai fung ‘big wind’]

typhus /ˈtaifəs/ n.  an infectious fever caused by rickettsiae, characterized by a purple rash, headaches, fever, and usu. delirium 斑疹伤寒(由立克次氏病原体引起的传染性发热病，特征为出紫色疹子、头痛、发烧，通常伴有神志失常) □ typhous  adj.   [modern Latin from Greek tuphos ‘smoke, stupor’, from tuphō ‘to smoke’]

typical /ˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.  1  serving as a characteristic example; representative 典型的；有代表性的 2  characteristic of or serving to distinguish a type 特有的；独特的 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  conforming to expected behaviour, attitudes, etc. (行为、态度等)意料之中的，惯常的  is typical of them to forget  他们惯于遗忘 4  symbolic 象征性的 □ typicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ typically  adv.   [medieval Latin typicalis via Latin typicus from Greek tupikos (as TYPE)]

typify /ˈtipifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  be a representative example of; embody the characteristics of 作为…的典型；具有…的特点 2  represent by a type or symbol; serve as a type, figure, or emblem of; symbolize 代表；象征 □ typification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ typifier  n.   [Latin typus TYPE + -FY]

typist /ˈtaipist/ n.  a person who uses a typewriter, esp. professionally (尤指职业性的)打字员

typo /ˈtaipəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq. [口]  1  a typographical error 排印错误 2  a typographer 排字工；印刷工 [abbreviation]

typographer /taiˈpɒɡrəfə/ n.  a person skilled in typography 排字工；印刷工；印刷业专家

typography /taiˈpɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  printing as an art 印刷术，铅印术 2  the style and appearance of printed matter 印刷版面式样 □ typographic  /-pəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ typographical  /-pəˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ typographically  /-pəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.   [French typographie or modern Latin typographia (as TYPE, -GRAPHY)]

typology /taiˈpɒlədʒi/ n.  the study and interpretation of (esp. biblical) types 类型学(尤用于圣经研究) □ typological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ typologist  n.   [Greek tupos TYPE + -LOGY]

tyramine /ˈtairəmi:n/ n. Biochem.  a derivative of tyrosine occurring in cheese and other foods and affecting the sympathetic nervous system 【生化】酪胺(奶酪及其他食品中的酪氨酸的一种衍生物，影响交感神经系统) [TYROSINE + AMINE]

tyrannical /tiˈrænik(ə)l, tai-/ adj.  1  acting like a tyrant; imperious, arbitrary 暴君的；专制君主的；残暴的；武断专横的 2  given to or characteristic of tyranny 暴君似的 □ tyrannically  adv.   [Old French tyrannique via Latin tyrannicus from Greek turannikos (as TYRANT)]

tyrannicide /tiˈrænisaid, tai-/ n.  1  the act or an instance of killing a tyrant 诛杀暴君(行为) 2  the killer of a tyrant 诛杀暴君者 □ tyrannicidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [French from Latin tyrannicida, -cidium (as TYRANT, -CIDE)]

tyrannize /ˈtirənaiz/ v. tr. & (foll. by 后跟 over) intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  behave like a tyrant towards; rule or treat despotically or cruelly (对…)施行暴政；(对…)实行专制统治；(对…)施行暴虐行为 [French tyranniser (as TYRANT)]

tyrannosaurus /tiˌrænəˈsɔ:rəs, tai-/ n. (also 亦作 tyrannosaur /tiˈrænəsɔ:/)  a very large bipedal flesh-eating dinosaur, Tyrannosaurus rex, of the late Cretaceous period, having powerful jaws and hind legs, small clawlike front legs, and a large tail 霸王龙(白垩纪晚期的一种巨型二足食肉恐龙，下颌和后腿强壮有力，爪子似的前腿较小，尾巴粗大) [Greek turannos TYRANT + sauros ‘lizard’, on the pattern of dinosaur]

tyranny /ˈtir(ə)ni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the cruel and arbitrary use of authority 暴虐，残暴，专横 2  a tyrannical act; tyrannical behaviour 暴虐行为，暴行 3  a  rule by a tyrant 暴政；专制统治b  a period of this 暴政时期；专制统治时期c  a state ruled by a tyrant 专制国家 □ tyrannous  adj.  □ tyrannously  adv.   [Middle English via Old French tyrannie and medieval Latin tyrannia from Greek turannia (as TYRANT)]

tyrant /ˈtair(ə)nt/ n.  1  an oppressive or cruel ruler 暴君；专制君主 2  a person exercising power arbitrarily or cruelly 暴虐的人；专横的人 3 Gk Hist.  an absolute ruler who seized power without the legal right [希]【史】僭主，僭王(指没有合法权而篡权的专制君主) [Middle English tyran, -ant via Old French tiran, tyrant and Latin tyrannus from Greek turannos]

tyrant flycatcher n.  a small bird of the New World family Tyrannidae, resembling the Old World flycatchers in behaviour 霸鸟，美洲鹟(美洲的一种体形较小的鸟，其行为类似欧洲鹟) [so called because of its aggressive behaviour towards other birds approaching its nest]

tyre /ˈtaiə/ n. (US [美] tire)  1  a rubber covering, usu. inflated, placed round a wheel to form a soft contact with the road 轮胎(包裹在轮子上，使其与地面保持软接触的橡胶) 2  a strengthening band of metal fitted around the rim of a wheel, esp. of a railway vehicle 轮箍(安装在轮子周边用以加固的金属箍) [Middle English, perhaps from archaic tire ‘headdress’]

tyre gauge n.  a portable device for measuring the air pressure in a tyre 轮胎气压计

Tyrian /ˈtiriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to ancient Tyre in Phoenicia 推罗的；推罗人的(推罗系古代腓尼基一城邦) ●n.  a native or citizen of Tyre 推罗人 [Latin Tyrius from Tyrus ‘Tyre’]

Tyrian purple  see 见 PURPLE n. 2 

tyro /ˈtairəʊ/ n. (also 亦作 tiro) (pl. -os)  a beginner or novice 初学者，新手 [Latin tiro, medieval Latin tyro ‘recruit’]

Tyrolean /tirəˈli:ən, tiˈrəʊliən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or characteristic of the Tyrol, an Alpine province of Austria 蒂罗尔的；蒂罗尔特征的(蒂罗尔系奥地利阿尔卑斯山区的一个省份) ●n.  a native or inhabitant of the Tyrol 蒂罗尔人 □ Tyrolese  adj. & n.  

tyrosine /ˈtairəsi:n/ n. Chem.  a hydrophilic amino acid present in many proteins and important in the synthesis of some hormones etc. 【化】酪氨酸(存在于许多蛋白质中的亲水氨基酸，对某些激素的合成很关键) [formed irregularly from Greek turos ‘cheese’ + -INE4]

Tyrrhene /ˈtiri:n/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Tyrrhenian /tiˈri:niən/) archaic or poet. [古义] [诗]  = ETRUSCAN  [Latin Tyrrhenus]

tzar var.  of TSAR  TSAR 的变体

tzarina var.  of TSARINA  TSARINA 的变体

tzatziki /tsætˈsi:ki/ n.  a Greek side dish of yogurt with cucumber, garlic, and often mint 酸乳凉菜(希腊的一种在酸乳中加入黄瓜、大蒜以及薄荷的配菜) [modern Greek]

tzigane /tsiˈɡɑ:n/ n.  1  a Hungarian gypsy 茨冈人(生活在匈牙利的吉卜赛人的一支) 2 (作 attrib.)  characteristic of the tziganes or (esp.) their music 茨冈人的；(尤指)茨冈舞曲的 [French from Hungarian c(z)igɑˊny]

tête-bêche /teitˈbeʃ, tet-, 法 tɛtbɛʃ/ adj. (of a postage stamp) printed upside down or sideways relative to another (指两张邮票)对倒的，图样一正一倒的 [French, from tête ‘head’ + béchevet ‘double bedhead’]

tête-à-tête /teitɑ:ˈteit, tetæˈtet/ n., adv. & adj. ●n.  1  a private conversation or interview usu. between two persons (通常指两人之间的)私下密谈，促膝谈心 2  an S-shaped sofa for two people to sit face to face (可面对面坐的) S 形双人椅 ●adv.  together in private 两人私下地；亲密地；面对面地  dined tête-ɑˋ-tête  面对面坐着用餐 ●adj.  1  private, confidential 私下的；秘密的 2  concerning only two persons 两人之间的；亲密的 [French, literally ‘head-to-head’]

U1 /ju:/ n. (also 亦作 u) (pl. Us or U's)  1  the twenty-first letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 21 个字母 2  a U-shaped object or curve (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词 : U-bolt U 形螺栓) U 字形(物)

U2 /ju:/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq. [尤英口]  1  upper class 上流社会；上等阶层 2  supposedly characteristic of the upper class 上流社会的；上等阶层的 [abbreviation]

U3 /u:/ n.  a Burmese title of respect before a man's name 吴(指置于缅甸男子姓名前的尊称) [Burmese]

U4 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element uranium 【化】(化学元素)铀 2 Brit.  universal (of films classified as suitable without restriction) [英] (指电影)适合各个年龄层次的观众观看的

u symb. [符]  = MICRO-2  [substituted for the original symbol μ]

UAE abbr.  United Arab Emirates [缩略]阿拉伯联合酋长国

UB40 abbr. (in the UK) a card issued to a person registered as unemployed [缩略] (英国)失业证

ubiety /ju:ˈbaiiti/ n.  the fact or condition of being in a definite place; local relation 客观真实性，客观实在性；位置关系 [medieval Latin ubietas from Latin ubi ‘where’]

-ubility /jʊˈbiliti/ suffix  forming nouns from, or corresponding to, adjectives in -uble (solubility 可溶性；可解决性 ; volubility 流畅性) 以 -uble 结尾的形容词构成名词时使用或构成与以 -uble 结尾的形容词相对应的名词 [Latin -ubilitas: cf. -ITY]

ubiquitarian /ju:ˌbikwiˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. Theol. 【神】  ●adj.  relating to or believing in the doctrine of the omnipresence of Christ's body 基督圣体遍在论的 ●n.  a believer in this 基督圣体遍在论者 □ ubiquitarianism  n.  基督圣体遍在论 [modern Latin ubiquitarius (as UBIQUITOUS)]

ubiquitous /ju:ˈbikwitəs/ adj.  1  present everywhere or in several places simultaneously 普遍存在的，无处不在的 2  often encountered 常常遇到的 □ ubiquitously  adv.  □ ubiquitousness  n.  □ ubiquity  n.   [modern Latin ubiquitas via Latin ubique ‘everywhere’ from ubi ‘where’]

-uble /jʊb(ə)l/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘that may or must (be)’ (see 见 -ABLE) 构成形容词，表示“可能或一定(是)…的”  soluble  可溶的 voluble  健谈的；流畅的 [French from Latin -ubilis]

-ubly /jʊbli/ suffix  forming adverbs corresponding to adjectives in -uble 构成与以 -uble 结尾的形容词相对应的副词

U-boat n. hist.  a German submarine used in the First and Second World Wars [史义] (两次世界大战中使用的)德国潜艇 [German U-boot = Unterseeboot ‘undersea boat’]

UBR abbr.  uniform business rate, a tax on business property in England and Wales [缩略]统一商业税(英格兰和威尔士对商业资产征收的一种税)

UC abbr.  University College [缩略] (综合大学的)学院

u.c. abbr. [缩略]  upper case 

UCAS /ˈju:kæs/ abbr. (in the UK) Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (created by the amalgamation of UCCA and PCAS in the 1993 － 4 academic year) [缩略] (英国)大学录取新生服务(由大学统一招生委员会和理工学院于 1993 至 1994 学年合并而成)

UCATT abbr. (in the UK) Union of Construction, Allied Trades, and Technicians [缩略] (英国)建筑、联合贸易及技师协会

UCCA /ˈʌkə/ abbr. hist. (in the UK) Universities Central Council on Admissions (incorporated into UCAS in the 1993 － 4 academic year) [缩略] [史义] (英国)大学统一招生委员会(于 1993 至 1994 学年并入 UCAS)

UCW abbr. (in the UK) Union of Communication Workers [缩略] (英国)通讯工作者联合会

UDA abbr.  Ulster Defence Association (a Loyalist paramilitary organization) [缩略]北爱尔兰防务协会(忠于英国王室的一个准军事组织)

udal /ˈju:d(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 odal /ˈəʊd(ə)l/)  the kind of freehold right based on uninterrupted possession prevailing in N. Europe before the feudal system and still in use in Orkney and Shetland 土地自由保有权(在北欧封建社会前盛行的世袭制度，现今的奥克尼和设得兰仍沿袭此制度) [Old Norse óthal, from Germanic]

UDC abbr. hist. (in the UK) Urban District Council [缩略] [史义] (英国)市区政务委员会

udder /ˈʌdə/ n.  the mammary gland of cattle, sheep, etc., hanging as a bag-like organ with several teats (指牛、绵羊等的)乳腺 □ uddered  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  有乳腺的 [Old English ūder, from West Germanic]

UDI abbr.  unilateral declaration of independence [缩略]单方面宣告独立

udometer /ju:ˈdɒmitə/ n. formal  a rain gauge [正式]雨量计 [French udomètre (as Latin udus ‘damp’, -METER)]

UDR abbr.  Ulster Defence Regiment [缩略]北爱尔兰防卫团

UEFA /ju:ˈi:fə, -ˈeifə/ abbr.  Union of European Football Associations [缩略]欧洲足联

UFO /ju:efˈəʊ, ˈju:fəʊ/ abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 ufo) (pl. UFOs or ufos)  unidentified flying object 不明飞行物

ufology /ju:ˈfɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of UFOs 不明飞行物研究 □ ufologist  n.  不明飞行物研究者

Uganda   乌干达

Ugandan /ju:ˈgændən/ adj. & n.  乌干达的(人)

ugh /ʊh, ʌh, ɜ:, ʊx, ʌɡ/ int.  1  expressing disgust or horror (表示厌恶或恐怖)啊，唷 2  the sound of a cough or grunt (指咳嗽声或咕哝声)呀，哎 [imitative]

ugli fruit /ˈʌɡli/ n. (pl.same 单复同) (also 亦作 Ugli propr. [商标])  a mottled green and yellow citrus fruit, a hybrid of a grapefruit and tangerine 丑橘(一种黄绿相杂的柑橘类水果，是葡萄柚和橘子的杂交品种) [UGLY]

uglify /ˈʌɡlifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  make ugly 使难看，丑化；毁损…的外观 □ uglification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj. (uglier, ugliest)  1  unpleasing or repulsive to see or hear 难看的；难听的；丑(陋)的  an ugly scar  丑陋的伤疤 spoke with an ugly snarl  难听地咆哮着说 2  unpleasantly suggestive; discreditable 卑鄙的，邪恶的；丢脸的  ugly rumours are about  到处都在传播着卑劣的谣言 3  threatening, dangerous 险恶的，危险的  the sky has an ugly look  天空显得阴沉沉的 4  morally repulsive; vile 道德败坏的；卑鄙的，可耻的；可憎的；恶劣的  ugly vices  丑恶行径 □ uglily  adv.  □ ugliness  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse uggligr ‘to be dreaded’, from ugga ‘to dread’]

ugly customer n.  an unpleasantly formidable person 讨厌而令人生畏的人；难对付的家伙

ugly duckling n.  a person who turns out to be beautiful or talented etc. against all expectations (with reference to a cygnet in a brood of ducks in a tale by Andersen) “丑小鸭”(指出人意料地出落得美丽漂亮或才华横溢等的人) (源自安徒生童话中鸭子窝孵出小天鹅的故事)

Ugrian /ˈu:ɡriən, ˈju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  = UGRICadj.  ●n.  1  a person of Ugric stock 乌戈尔人 2  = UGRICn. 

Ugric /ˈu:ɡrik, ˈju:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the eastern branch of Finnic peoples, esp. the Magyars (指芬兰民族的东部分支)乌戈尔人的(尤指马札尔人的) 2  of or relating to the group of Finno-Ugric languages including Magyar (包括马札尔语在内的)芬兰乌戈尔语族的 ●n.  the Ugric group of languages 乌戈尔语族 [Russian Ugry, the name of a race dwelling E. of the Urals]

UHF abbr.  ultra-high frequency [缩略]超高频

uh-huh /ˈʌhʌ/ int. colloq.  expressing assent [口] (表示赞同)嗯嗯 [imitative]

uhlan /ˈu:lɑ:n, ˈju:-; ʊˈlɑ:n/ n. hist.  a cavalryman armed with a lance in some European armies, esp. the former German army [史义] (指某些欧洲军队中，尤指以前德国军队中的)长矛骑兵 [French & German via Polish (h)ulan from Turkish oɡˇlan ‘youth, servant’]

UHT abbr.  ultra heat-treated (esp. of milk, for long keeping) [缩略] (尤指为长期保存牛奶进行的)超高温处理的，超热处理的

Uitlander /ˈeitlændə, ˈɔit-/ n. S. Afr.  a foreigner or alien, esp. before the Boer War [南非] (尤指布尔战争之前的)外国人，外侨 [Afrikaans, from Dutch uit ‘out’ + land ‘land’]

ujamaa /ʊdʒæˈmɑ:/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a system of self-help village cooperatives established by President Nyerere in Tanzania in the 1960s 乌贾马(指 20 世纪 60 年代坦桑尼亚总统尼雷尔建立的自助村庄合作社制度) [Kiswahili, = brotherhood, from jamaa ‘family’, from Arabic jamɑˉˈa ‘community’]

UK abbr. [缩略]  United Kingdom 

UKAEA abbr.  United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority [缩略]英国原子能管理局

ukase /ju:ˈkeiz/ n.  1  an arbitrary command 专横的命令 2  an edict of the Russian government (指俄国政府的)圣旨，谕旨，敕令 [Russian ukaz ‘ordinance, edict’ from ukazat ′ ‘show, decree’]

Ukraine   乌克兰

Ukrainian /ju:ˈkreiniən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or inhabitant of Ukraine in eastern Europe 乌克兰人 2  the East Slavonic language of Ukraine 乌克兰语(属于东斯拉夫语族) ●adj.  of or relating to Ukraine, its people, or its language 乌克兰的；乌克兰人的；乌克兰语的 [Ukraine from Russian ukraina ‘frontier region’, from u ‘at’ + krai ‘edge’]

ukulele /ju:kəˈleili/ n.  a small four-stringed Hawaiian (originally Portuguese) guitar 尤克里里琴(一种类似吉他的小型夏威夷四弦琴，最初为葡萄牙乐器) [Hawaiian, = jumping flea]

Ulan Bator /ˈu:lɑ:nˈbɑ:tɔ:/ n.  乌兰巴托 [蒙古首都]

-ular /jʊlə/ suffix  forming adjectives, sometimes corresponding to nouns in -ule (pustular) but often without diminutive force (angular; granular) 构成形容词，有时与以 -ule 结尾的名词相对应，如 pustular (小脓疱的)，但常常并无指小词的性质，如 angular (有角的；死板的) granular (粒状的；粗糙的) □ -ularity  /-ˈlæriti/ suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [from or suggested by Latin -ularis (as -ULE, -AR1)]

ulcer /ˈʌlsə/ n.  1  an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, often forming pus 溃疡 2  a  a moral blemish 道德败坏b  a corroding or corrupting influence etc. 腐败；腐蚀作用 □ ulcered  adj.  □ ulcerous  adj.   [Middle English from Latin ulcus -eris, related to Greek helkos ‘wound, sore’]

ulcerate /ˈʌlsəreit/ v. tr. & intr.  form into or affect with an ulcer 形成溃疡；溃烂 □ ulceration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ulcerative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin ulcerare ulcerat- (as ULCER)]

-ule /ju:l/ suffix  forming diminutive nouns (capsule 胶囊 ; globule 小滴；小球体) 构成指小名词 [from or suggested by Latin -ulus, -ula, -ulum]

ulema /ˈʊləmə, ˈu:limə, u:ləˈmɑ:/ n.  1  a body of Muslim doctors of sacred law and theology (指由穆斯林教法学家和神学家组成的)乌理玛委员会 2  a member of this 乌理玛(指该委员会成员) [Arabic ˈulamɑˉ, pl. of ˈɑˉlim ‘learned’ from ˈalama ‘know’]

-ulent /jʊl(ə)nt/ suffix  forming adjectives meaning ‘abounding in, full of’ (fraudulent 欺骗的 ; turbulent 动荡的；汹涌的) 构成形容词，表示“多”，“充满” □ -ulence  suffix  forming nouns 构成名词 [Latin -ulentus]

uliginose /ju:ˈlidʒinəʊs/ adj. (also 亦作 uliginous /-nəs/) Bot.  growing in wet or swampy places 【植】生长于湿地或沼泽地的 [Latin uliginosus from uligo -ginis ‘moisture’]

ullage /ˈʌlidʒ/ n.  1  the amount by which a cask etc. falls short of being full (指酒桶等容器的)缺量，不足量 2  loss by evaporation or leakage (因蒸发或渗漏而致的)损耗(量)，折耗(量) [Middle English from Anglo-French ulliage, Old French ouillage from ouiller ‘fill up’, ultimately from Latin oculus ‘eye’, with reference to the bung-hole]

ulna /ˈʌlnə/ n. (pl. ulnae /-ni:/ or ulnas)  1  the thinner and longer bone in the forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb (cf. 参见 RADIUS 3) 尺骨 2 Zool.  a corresponding bone in an animal's foreleg or a bird's wing 【动】(动物前腿或鸟翅上的)尺骨 □ ulnar  adj.   [Latin, related to Greek ōlenē and to ELL]

ulotrichan /ju:ˈlɒtrikən/ adj. & n. ●adj. (also 亦作 ulotrichous /-kəs/)  having tightly-curled hair, esp. denoting a human type (尤指人种)有鬈发的 ●n.  a person having such hair 鬈发种人 [modern Latin Ulotrichi, from Greek oulos ‘woolly, crisp’ + thrix trikhos ‘hair’]

-ulous /jʊləs/ suffix  forming adjectives (fabulous 寓言般的；惊人的，难以置信的 ; populous 人口众多的；拥挤的) 构成形容词 [Latin -ulosus, -ulus]

ulster /ˈʌlstə/ n.  a long loose overcoat of rough cloth 乌尔斯特大衣(用粗布制成的宽大长外套) [Ulster in Ireland, where it was originally sold]

Ulsterman /ˈʌlstəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Ulsterwoman; pl. -women)  a native of Ulster 乌尔斯特人

ult. abbr. [缩略]  ultimo 

ulterior /ʌlˈtiəriə/ adj.  1  existing in the background, or beyond what is evident or admitted; hidden, secret (esp. 尤用于 ulterior motive 别有用心) 隐蔽的，秘而不宣的，有意隐瞒的 2  situated beyond 在那边的 3  more remote; not immediate; in the future 较远的；日后的，将来的 □ ulteriorly  adv.   [Latin, = further, more distant]

ultima /ˈʌltimə/ n.  the last syllable of a word (词的)最末一个音节 [Latin ultima (syllaba), fem. of ultimus ‘last’]

ultimata pl.  of ULTIMATUM  

ultimate /ˈʌltimət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  last, final 最后的，最终的 2  beyond which no other exists or is possible 极点的，绝顶的，终极的  the ultimate analysis  元素分析，最后分析 3  fundamental, primary, unanalysable 基本的，根本的；首要的；不可分解的  ultimate truths  基本真理 4  maximum 最大的；最高的；极端的  ultimate tensile strength  最大张力 ●n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the best achievable or imaginable 终极；终点；极限；顶点 2  a final or fundamental fact or principle 最终事实；基本事实；基本原则 □ ultimacy  /-məsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ ultimately  adj.  □ ultimateness  n.   [Late Latin ultimatus, past part. of ultimare ‘come to an end’]

ultima Thule /ˌʌltimə ˈθu:li:/ n.  a faraway unknown region 遥远而不为人所知的地方 [Latin, = furthest Thule, a remote northern region]

ultimatum /ʌltiˈmeitəm/ n. (pl. ultimatums or ultimata /-tə/)  a final demand or statement of terms by one party, the rejection of which by another could cause a breakdown in relations, war, or an end of cooperation etc. 最后通牒 [Latin, neut. past part. of ultimare: see ULTIMATE]

ultimo /ˈʌltiməʊ/ adj. Commerce  of last month 【商业】上月的  the 28th ultimo  上月 28 日 [Latin ultimo mense ‘in the last month’]

ultimogeniture /ˌʌltiməʊˈdʒenitʃə/ n.  a system in which the youngest son has the right of inheritance (cf. 参见 PRIMOGENITURE 2) 幼子继承制 [Latin ultimus ‘last’, on the pattern of PRIMOGENITURE]

ultra /ˈʌltrə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  favouring extreme views or measures, esp. in religion or politics (尤指在宗教或政治上所持言论或采取策略)过激的；极端的 ●n.  an extremist 过激派；走极端的人；极端主义者 [originally as abbreviation of French ultra-royaliste: see ULTRA-]

ultra- /ˈʌltrə/ prefix  1  beyond; on the other side of (opp. 反义 CIS- 1) 超，在…之外；在…的那一边 2  extreme(ly), excessive(ly) (ultra-conservative 极端保守主义的(人); ultra-modern 超现代的) 极端；过份 [Latin ultra ‘beyond’]

ultracentrifuge /ʌltrəˈsentrifju:dʒ/ n.  a high-speed centrifuge used to separate small particles and large molecules by their rate of sedimentation from sols 超(速)离心机

ultradian /ʌlˈtreidiən/ adj. Physiol. (of a rhythm or cycle) having a period of recurrence shorter than a day but longer than an hour (cf. 参见 INFRADIAN) 【生理】次昼夜的(节奏间隔或周期长度小于一天大于一小时) [from ULTRA-, as having a higher frequency than circadian]

ultrafiltration /ˌʌltrəfilˈtreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  filtration using a filter fine enough to retain large molecules, viruses, and colloidal particles 超滤(作用)

ultra-high /ʌltrəˈhai/ adj. (of a frequency) in the range 300 to 3000 megahertz (频率)超高的，特高的(在 300 至 3000 兆赫之间)

ultraist /ˈʌltrəist/ n.  the holder of extreme positions in politics, religion, etc. (指在政治、宗教等方面的)极端主义者，过激论者，激进分子 □ ultraism  n.  极端主义，过激论；激进行为

ultramarine /ʌltrəməˈri:n, ˈʌlt-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a brilliant deep blue pigment originally obtained from lapis lazuli 群青，佛青(一种由天青石制成的深蓝色颜料)b  an imitation of this from powdered fired clay, sodium carbonate, sulphur, and resin 人造群青(用耐火黏土粉、碳酸钠、硫和树脂制成) 2  a brilliant deep blue colour 深蓝色 ●adj.  1  of this colour 群青的，佛青的；深蓝色的 2 archaic  situated beyond the sea [古义]海外的 [obsolete Italian oltramarino & medieval Latin ultramarinus ‘beyond the sea’ (as ULTRA-, MARINE), because lapis lazuli was brought from beyond the sea]

ultramicroscope /ʌltrəˈmaikrəskəʊp/ n.  an optical microscope used to reveal very small particles by means of light scattered by them 超倍显微镜

ultramicroscopic /ˌʌltrəmaikrəˈskɒpik/ adj.  1  too small to be seen by an ordinary optical microscope 超显微的，超出普通显微镜可见度范围的 2  of or relating to an ultramicroscope 超倍显微镜的

ultramontane /ʌltrəˈmɒntein/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  situated on the other side of the Alps from the point of view of the speaker 阿尔卑斯山那边的 2  advocating supreme papal authority in matters of faith and discipline (指在信仰和律法事务上)信奉教皇极权的，教皇至上论的 ●n.  1  a person living on the other side of the Alps 阿尔卑斯山那边的人 2  a person advocating supreme papal authority 教皇至上论者，教皇极权主义论者 [medieval Latin ultramontanus (as ULTRA-, Latin mons montis ‘mountain’)]

ultramundane /ʌltrəˈmʌndein/ adj.  lying beyond the world or the solar system 世界之外的；太阳系之外的 [Latin ultramundanus (as ULTRA-, mundanus from mundus ‘world’)]

ultrasonic /ʌltrəˈsɒnik/ adj.  of or involving sound waves with a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing 超声(波)的；超音速的 □ ultrasonically  adv.  

ultrasonics /ʌltrəˈsɒniks/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  the science and application of ultrasonic waves 超声学；超声波应用

ultrasound /ˈʌltrəsaʊnd/ n.  1  sound having an ultrasonic frequency 超声 2  ultrasonic waves 超声波

ultrasound cardiography n.  = ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 

ultrastructure /ˈʌltrəstrʌktʃə/ n. Biol.  fine structure not visible with an optical microscope 【生】超微结构，亚显微结构

ultraviolet /ʌltrəˈvaiələt/ adj. Physics  of or using electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength shorter than that of the violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than that of X-rays 【物理学】(利用)紫外线的

ultra vires /ʌltrə ˈvairi:z, ʊltrɑ: ˈvi:reiz/ adv. & predic. adj.  beyond one's legal power or authority 超越法定权限的(地)；越权的(地) [Latin]

ululate /ˈju:ljʊleit, ˈʌl-/ v. intr.  howl, wail; make a hooting cry 嚎叫，嗥叫；哀号，呼号；啸鸣，大声叫喊 □ ululant  adj.  □ ululation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin ululare ululat- (imitative)]

um /(ə)m/ int.  expressing hesitation or a pause in speech (指讲话时表示迟疑或停顿的)嗯 [imitative]

-um var.  of -IUM  1 -IUM 1 的变体

umbel /ˈʌmb(ə)l/ n. Bot.  a flower cluster in which stalks nearly equal in length spring from a common centre and form a flat or curved surface, as in parsley 【植】伞形花序 □ umbellar  adj.  □ umbellate  /-bəleit/ adj.  □ umbellule  /-ˈbelju:l/ adj.   [obsolete French umbelle or Latin umbella ‘sunshade’, diminutive of UMBRA]

umbellifer /ʌmˈbelifə/ n.  any plant of the family Umbelliferae. bearing umbels, including parsley and parsnip 伞形植物 □ umbelliferous  /-bəˈlif(ə)rəs/ adj.   [obsolete French umbellifère from Latin (as UMBEL, -fer ‘bearing’)]

umber /ˈʌmbə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a natural pigment like ochre but darker and browner 棕土(一种类似赭色的深棕色天然颜料) 2  a dark brown colour 棕土色，深棕色；红棕色 ●adj.  1  dark brown 棕土色的，深棕色的；红棕色的 2  dark, dusky 黧黑的 [French (terre d')ombre or Italian (terra di) ombra = shadow (earth), from Latin UMBRA or Umbra, fem. of Umber ‘Umbrian’]

umbilical /ʌmˈbilik(ə)l, ʌmbiˈlaik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●attrib. adj.  1  of, situated near, or affecting the navel 脐(带)的；近脐的；影响脐带的 2  linking, connecting 相连的 3  inseparably linked 关系极为密切的，密不可分的 ●n.  a flexible supply or control line, hose, etc., esp. from a main source to a site otherwise difficult to access 生命线(一种灵活的供给或控制线、管等，尤指连接主要供给来源与原本难以接近的地方) □ umbilically  adv.   [obsolete French umbilical, or from UMBILICUS]

umbilical cord n.  1  a flexible cordlike structure containing blood vessels and attaching a foetus to the placenta 脐带 2  a supply cable linking a missile to its launcher, or an astronaut in space to a spacecraft 操纵缆(指连接导弹和运载火箭的供应缆)；空间生命线(指连接太空中宇航员和宇宙飞船的供应缆)

umbilicate /ʌmˈbilikət/ adj.  1  shaped like a navel 脐状的，中间凹的 2  having an umbilicus 有脐的

umbilicus /ʌmˈbilikəs, ʌmbiˈlaikəs/ n. (pl. umbilici /-sai/ or umbilicuses)  1 Anat.  the navel 【解】脐 2 Bot. & Zool.  a navel-like formation 【植】【动】脐；种脐 3 Geom.  a point in a surface through which all cross-sections have the same curvature 【几】脐点 [Latin, related to Greek omphalos and to NAVEL]

umbles /ˈʌmb(ə)lz/ n. pl. archaic  the edible offal of deer etc. (cf. 参见 eat humble pie: see 见 HUMBLE) [古义] (指鹿等动物的可食用)内脏 [Middle English variant of NUMBLES]

umbo /ˈʌmbəʊ/ n. (pl. umbones /-ˈbəʊni:z/ or umbos)  1  the boss of a shield, esp. in the centre (尤指盾中心的)浮雕装饰 2 Bot. & Zool.  a rounded knob or protuberance 【植】【动】壳顶；中心突起；鼓膜凸 □ umbonal  adj.  □ umbonate  /-nət/ adj.   [Latin umbo -onis]

umbra /ˈʌmbrə/ n. (pl. umbras or umbrae /-bri:/)  1  the fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object, esp. Astron. the area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse (cf. 参见 PENUMBRA 1a) 荫；阴影；(尤)【天】本影，暗影 2  the dark central part of a sunspot (指太阳黑子的)中央黑暗部 □ umbral  adj.   [Latin, = shade]

umbrage /ˈʌmbridʒ/ n.  1  offence; a sense of slight or injury (esp. 尤用于 give or take umbrage at 惹怒；为…而生气) 冒犯；怠慢；伤感情 2 archaic [古义]  a  shade 阴影；树阴b  what gives shade 成荫的东西 [Middle English from Old French, ultimately via Latin umbraticus from umbra: see UMBRA]

umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ n.  1  a light portable device for protection against rain, strong sun, etc., consisting of a usu. circular canopy of cloth mounted by means of a collapsible metal frame on a central stick 伞；雨伞；阳伞 2  protection or patronage 保护伞；支持 3 (often 常作 attrib.)  a coordinating or unifying agency 协调或统一机构  umbrella organization  伞形组织 4  a screen of fighter aircraft or a curtain of fire put up as a protection against enemy aircraft (指由战斗机组成的)掩护幕；防空火网 5 Zool.  the gelatinous disc of a jellyfish etc., which it contracts and expands to move through the water 【动】(指水母等的)伞膜 □ umbrellaed  /-ləd/ adj.  □ umbrella-like  adj.   [Italian ombrella, diminutive of ombra ‘shade’, from Latin umbra: see UMBRA]

umbrella bird n.  any S. American bird of the genus Cephalopterus, with a black radiating crest and long wattles 伞鸟(产于南美具有黑色伞形竖冠和长肉垂的一种大鸟)

umbrella pine n.  1  = STONE PINE  2  a tall Japanese evergreen conifer, Sciadopitys verticillata, with leaves in umbrella-like whorls 金松(产于日本具有伞形轮生叶的一种高大常青针叶松)

umbrella plant n.  1  a Californian plant of boggy places, Darmera peltophylla (saxifrage family), with large round leaves on stalks 伞莎草(产于加利福尼亚州沼泽地带的一种虎耳草属植物，有柄，叶大而圆) 2  a house plant, Cyperus involucratus (sedge family), with a whorl of bracts at the top of the stem 伞莎草(一种室内盆栽植物，属莎草科，有茎，茎顶部有轮生叶苞)

umbrella stand n.  a stand for holding closed upright umbrellas 伞架

umbrella tree n.  a small tree with leaves in whorls like an umbrella, esp. Magnolia tripetala of N. America, or Schefflera actinophylla of Australia, grown as a house plant 三瓣木兰(产于北美的一种具有伞状轮生叶的小树)；伞状树(产于澳大利亚的一种室内盆栽植物)

Umbrian /ˈʌmbriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Umbria in central Italy (指意大利中部地区)翁布里亚的 ●n.  1  the language of ancient Umbria, related to Latin 古翁布里亚语 2  an inhabitant of ancient Umbria 古翁布里亚人

Umbrian school n.  a Renaissance school of Italian painting, to which Raphael and Perugino belonged (意大利文艺复兴时期的)翁布里亚画派(拉斐尔和佩鲁吉诺均属此派)

umbriferous /ʌmˈbrif(ə)rəs/ adj. formal  providing shade [正式]成荫的，遮荫的 [Latin umbrifer from umbra ‘shade’: see -FEROUS]

umiak /ˈu:miæk/ n. (also 亦作 oomiak)  an Eskimo skin-and-wood open boat propelled by women with paddles 爱斯基摩皮筏(用动物皮和木头制成，由妇女划桨而行) [Eskimo umiaq]

umlaut /ˈʊmlaʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mark (¨) used over a vowel, esp. in Germanic languages, to indicate a vowel change (尤指日尔曼语系中在元音上所加表示元音变化的)变音符(¨) 2  such a vowel change, e.g. German Mann, Mɑ¨nner, English man, men, due to i, j, etc. (now usu. lost or altered) in the following syllable 元音变化 ●v. tr.  modify (a form or a sound) by an umlaut 通过加变音符号变(形或音) [German, from um ‘about’ + Laut ‘sound’]

ump /ʌmp/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  an umpire, esp. in baseball [尤北美] [俚语]裁判(尤指棒球裁判) [abbreviation]

umpire /ˈʌmpaiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person chosen to enforce the rules and settle disputes in various sports (指各种体育运动中的)裁判 2  a person chosen to arbitrate between disputants, or to see fair play 公断人，仲裁人；裁决者 ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, in, etc.)  act as umpire 作裁判(仲裁人) 2 tr.  act as umpire in (a game etc.) 作(比赛等的)裁判(仲裁人) □ umpirage  /-ridʒ/ n.  □ umpireship  n.   [Middle English, later form of noumpere from Old French nonper ‘not equal’ (as NON-, PEER2): for loss of n- cf. ADDER]

umpteen /ʌm(p)ˈti:n, ˈʌm(p)ti:n/ adj. & pron. colloq. [口] ●adj.  indefinitely many; a lot of 无数的；许许多多的 ●pron.  indefinitely many 无数；大量 □ umpteenth  adj.  第无数个(次)的□ umpty  /ˈʌmpti/ adj.  无数的 [jocular formation on -TEEN]

'un /ən/ pron. colloq.  one [口]一个  that's a good 'un  那个可真好 [dialect variant]

UN abbr. [缩略]  United Nations 

un-1 /ʌn/ prefix  1  added to adjectives and participles and their derivative nouns and adverbs, meaning 加在形容词和分词及其衍生名词和副词前，意指 :a  not: denoting the absence of a quality or state (unusable 不可用的 ; uncalled for 不必要的，多此一举的; uneducated 未受过教育的 ; unfailing 经久不衰的，无穷无尽的; unofficially 非正式地，非官方地 ; unhappiness 忧愁，苦恼) “无”、“不”、“非”、“未”等否定含义，表示不存在某种性质或状态b  the reverse of, usu. with an implication of approval or disapproval, or with some other special connotation (unselfish 无私的，慷慨的 ; unsociable 不善交际的 ; unscientific 不科学的) 表示“相反”，通常具有赞成或反对的含义或其他特殊的内涵 2 (less often) added to nouns, meaning ‘a lack of’ (unrest 不安；动乱 ; untruth 谎言；虚假) 加在名词之前(较少见)，表示“缺乏”、“没有”等含义 [Old English from Germanic: related to Latin in-]■Usage 用法说明 The number of words that can be formed with the prefix un-1 (and similarly with un-2) is potentially as large as the number of adjectives in use; consequently only a selection, being considered the most current or semantically noteworthy, can be given here. 可以使用前缀 un-1(以及类似的 un-2) 构成的词的潜在数量可能同目前使用的形容词数量相当。因此，本词典中所列的此类词汇只是其中的一部分，是人们认为最通用或语义上最为显著的词汇。 Words meaning ‘the reverse of’ (see sense 1b above) often have neutral counterparts in non- (see NON- 6) and counterparts in in- (see IN-1), e.g. unadvisable. 表示“相反”的词(见上面释义 1b) 常常同 non- (见 NON- 6) 构成的中性词对应，并与 in- (见 IN-1) 构成的词相当，如 unadvisable (不明智的)。 In the case of some words with the prefix un-, there is ambiguity as to which prefix is meant, e.g. undressed can mean either ‘not dressed’ (un-1) or ‘no longer dressed’ (un-2). 对于某些加前缀 un- 的词，前缀的意义较含糊，如 undressed 可以表示“裸体的” (un-1) 或“脱去衣服的” (un-2) 。 

un-2 /ʌn/ prefix added to verbs and (less often) nouns, forming verbs denoting 加在动词和(较少)名词前构成动词，表示 :  1  the reversal or cancellation of an action or state (undress 脱衣服 ; unlock 开锁 ; unsettle 扰乱，使不稳) 做…相反的动作；撤消…状态 2  deprivation or separation (unmask 揭掉面具) 剥夺；使…分离 3  release from (unburden 使卸去负荷；使解除忧愁 ; uncage 把…从笼中放出；释放) 使…自由；松开；除去 4  causing to be no longer (unman 使失去男子气概；使失去人员) 使丧失；夺去；废止；贬黜 [Old English un-, on-, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at UN-1. 见 UN-1 的用法说明。 

un-3 /ʌn/ prefix Chem.  denoting ‘one’, combined with other numerical roots (nil = 0, bi = 2, etc.) to form names of recently discovered elements based on the atomic number (e.g. unnilhexium = element 106) 【化】表示“一”，与其他表示数字的词根 (nil = 0 、 bi = 2 等)组合起来，根据原子序号构成近期发现的元素的名称(如 unnilhexium = 106 号元素) [Latin unus ‘one’]

UNA abbr.  United Nations Association [缩略]联合国协会

unabashed /ʌnəˈbæʃt/ adj.  not abashed 不害羞的，不害臊的；泰然自若的 □ unabashedly  /-ʃidli/ adv.  

unabated /ʌnəˈbeitid/ adj.  not abated; undiminished 不减弱的，不减少的，不减退的 □ unabatedly  adv.  

unable /ʌnˈeib(ə)l/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  not able; lacking ability 不能的，不会的

unabridged /ʌnəˈbridʒd/ adj. (of a text etc.) complete; not abridged (指文本等)完整的，全文的，未节略的，未删节的

unabsorbed /ʌnəbˈzɔ:bd, -ˈsɔ:bd/ adj.  not absorbed 不专注的，注意力不集中的，不全神贯注的

unacademic /ˌʌnækəˈdemik/ adj.  1  not academic (esp. not scholarly or theoretical) 非学术的(尤指非学术性的，非理论性的) 2 (of a person) not suited to academic study (指人)不适合进行学术研究的

unaccented /ʌnəkˈsentid/ adj.  not accented; not emphasized 非重读的，非重音的；不强调的

unacceptable /ʌnəkˈseptəb(ə)l/ adj.  not acceptable 不能接受的；不中意的，不受欢迎的 □ unacceptability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unacceptableness  n.  □ unacceptably  adv.  

unaccommodating /ʌnəˈkɒmədeitiŋ/ adj.  not accommodating; disobliging 不乐于助人的，不肯通融的，不与人方便的，薄情的

unaccompanied /ʌnəˈkʌmpənid/ adj.  1  not accompanied 无人陪伴的，无伴随的，无伴侣的 2 Mus.  without accompaniment 【音】无伴奏的

unaccomplished /ʌnəˈkʌmpliʃt, -ˈkɒm-/ adj.  1  not accomplished or achieved; uncompleted 未成功的；未完成的 2  lacking accomplishments 不熟练的；无才艺的；无成就的；无造诣的

unaccountable /ʌnəˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to be explained 无法解释的，难以说明的 2  unpredictable or strange in behaviour (指行为)难以琢磨的，奇怪的，莫名其妙的 3  not responsible 无责任的，不负责任的 □ unaccountability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unaccountableness  n.  □ unaccountably  adv.  

unaccounted /ʌnəˈkaʊntid/ adj.  of which no account is given 未加说明的，未予解释的 □ unaccounted for   unexplained; not included in an account 未予以解释的，未加以说明的；未算在内的

unaccustomed /ʌnəˈkʌstəmd/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  not accustomed 不习惯的 2  not customary; unusual 不熟悉的；不寻常的  his unaccustomed silence  他异乎寻常地一言不发 □ unaccustomedly  adv.  

unacknowledged /ʌnəkˈnɒlidʒd/ adj.  not acknowledged 未被公认的；未被承认的；未答复的，未答谢的；未被注意的；未供认的；未认罪的

unacquainted /ʌnəˈkweintid/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  not acquainted 不熟悉的；不相识的；不知道的

unadaptable /ʌnəˈdæptəb(ə)l/ adj.  not adaptable 不能适应的，不适合的；不能改编的

unadapted /ʌnəˈdæptid/ adj.  not adapted 不适应的；不适合的；未经改编的，未经改写的

unaddressed /ʌnəˈdrest/ adj. (esp. of a letter etc.) without an address (尤指信函等)无地址的，不写地址的

unadjacent /ʌnəˈdʒeis(ə)nt/ adj.  not adjacent 不毗邻的，不临近的

unadjusted /ʌnəˈdʒʌstid/ adj. (esp. of figures) not adjusted; crude (尤指数字)未经调整的；未经处理的；原始的

unadopted /ʌnəˈdɒptid/ adj.  1  not adopted 未采用的，未采纳的 2 Brit. (of a road) not taken over for maintenance by a local authority [英] (指道路)未经地方当局接管养护的

unadorned /ʌnəˈdɔ:nd/ adj.  not adorned; plain 未装饰的，未加渲染的；朴实无华的，朴素的

unadulterated /ʌnəˈdʌltəreitid/ adj.  1  not adulterated; pure; concentrated 未搀杂的，纯粹的，无杂质的 2  sheer, complete, utter 完全的，十足的，地道的  unadulterated nonsense  一派胡言，纯属胡扯

unadventurous /ʌnədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/ adj.  not adventurous 不富于冒险精神的，不勇敢的；没有危险的，安全的 □ unadventurously  adv.  

unadvertised /ʌnˈædvətaizd/ adj.  not advertised 未登广告的

unadvisable /ʌnədˈvaizəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not open to advice 不愿接受意见的，不听劝告的 2 (of a thing) inadvisable (指处理某事)失策的，不明智的，不得当的，不可取的

unadvised /ʌnədˈvaizd/ adj.  1  indiscreet; rash 不慎重的，轻率的，鲁莽的 2  not having had advice 未曾受到劝告的 □ unadvisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  □ unadvisedness  n.  

unaesthetic /ʌni:sˈθetik, ʌnes-/ adj.  1  not aesthetically pleasing 无美感的，缺乏美感的 2  lacking the principles of good taste 无审美情趣的，缺乏美学品味的

unaffected /ʌnəˈfektid/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 by)  not affected 未受影响的；未受感动的；无变化的，未改变的 2  free from affectation; genuine; sincere 不矫揉造作的，不装腔作势的；单纯的，自然的；真诚的，真挚的 □ unaffectedly  adv.  □ unaffectedness  n.  

unaffectionate /ʌnəˈfekʃ(ə)nət/ adj.  lacking or not showing affection 缺乏爱的；没有感情的

unaffiliated /ʌnəˈfilieitid/ adj.  not affiliated 非附属的，独立的；无联系的

unaffordable /ʌnəˈfɔ:dəb(ə)l/ adj.  not affordable 负担不起的；无法承受的

unafraid /ʌnəˈfreid/ adj.  not afraid 不害怕的，无所畏惧的

unaggressive /ʌnəˈɡresiv/ adj.  not aggressive 不好强的；不好斗的；没有闯劲的

unaided /ʌnˈeidid/ adj.  not aided; without help 无助的；独立的

unalienable /ʌnˈeiliənəb(ə)l/ adj. Law 【法律】  = INALIENABLE 

unaligned /ʌnəˈlaind/ adj.  1  = NON-ALIGNED  2  not physically aligned 未校直的，未调准的

unalike /ʌnəˈlaik/ adj.  not alike; different 不相似的，不一样的

unalive /ʌnəˈlaiv/ adj.  1  lacking in vitality 不活跃的；死的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  not fully susceptible or awake to 不敏感的，不易受影响的；未完全注意到的，未清醒地意识到的

unalleviated /ʌnəˈli:vieitid/ adj.  not alleviated; relentless 未减轻的，未缓和的；不屈不挠的，不懈的

unallied /ʌnəˈlaid/ adj.  not allied; having no allies 不结盟的；无关联的

unallowable /ʌnəˈlaʊəb(ə)l/ adj.  not allowable 不允许的；不能承认的

unalloyed /ʌnəˈlɔid/ adj.  1  not alloyed; pure 非合金的；纯的，没有搀杂的 2  complete; utter 完全的，十足的  unalloyed joy  真正的快乐

unalterable /ʌnˈɔ:lt(ə)rəb(ə)l, ʌnˈɒl-/ adj.  not alterable 不可更改的；固定不变的；坚定不移的 □ unalterableness  n.  □ unalterably  adv.  

unaltered /ʌnˈɔ:ltəd, ʌnˈɒl-/ adj.  not altered; remaining the same 不变的；未改变的，照旧的

unamazed /ʌnəˈmeizd/ adj.  not amazed 毫不惊讶的，毫不吃惊的

unambiguous /ʌnæmˈbiɡjʊəs/ adj.  not ambiguous; clear or definite in meaning 毫不含糊的，明确的，清楚的，确切的 □ unambiguity  /-ˈɡju:iti/ n.  □ unambiguously  adv.  

unambitious /ʌnæmˈbiʃəs/ adj.  not ambitious; without ambition 无雄心的，无抱负的；无野心的 □ unambitiously  adv.  □ unambitiousness  n.  

unambivalent /ʌnæmˈbiv(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj. (of feelings etc.) not ambivalent; straightforward (指感情等)不模棱两可的，明确的，肯定的，鲜明的；坦率的，直截了当的 □ unambivalently  adv.  

un-American /ʌnəˈmerik(ə)n/ adj.  1  not in accordance with American characteristics etc. 非美国的；非美国式的，不符合美国典型特征等的 2  contrary to the interests of the US; (in the US) treasonable 同美国利益相反的；非美的；(美国)反美的 □ un-Americanism  n.  

unamiable /ʌnˈeimiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not amiable 不和蔼可亲的，不亲切的；不友好的；脾气坏的；令人讨厌的

unamplified /ʌnˈæmplifaid/ adj.  not amplified 未扩大的，未放大的，未增强的

unamused /ʌnəˈmju:zd/ adj.  not amused 未逗乐的；不开心的

unanalysable /ʌnˈænəlaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] unanalyzable)  not able to be analysed 不可分解的；不可分析的；不可解析的

unanalysed /ʌnˈænəlaizd/ adj. (US [美] unanalyzed)  not analysed 未分析的；未分解的；未解析的

unaneled /ʌnəˈni:ld/ adj. archaic  not having received extreme unction [古义]未行临终涂油仪式的

unanimous /ju:ˈnæniməs/ adj.  1  all in agreement 无异议的，一致同意的  the committee was unanimous  委员会意见一致 2 (of an opinion, vote, etc.) held or given by general consent (指意见、选举等)全体一致的  the unanimous choice  全体一致的选择 □ unanimity  /-nəˈnimiti/ n.  □ unanimously  adv.  □ unanimousness  n.   [Late Latin unanimis, Latin unanimus, from unus ‘one’ + animus ‘mind’]

unannounced /ʌnəˈnaʊnst/ adj.  not announced; without warning (of arrival etc.) 未经宣布的；(指到达等)未通知(告)的

unanswerable /ʌnˈɑ:ns(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to be refuted 无可辩驳的  has an unanswerable case  无可争辩的案子 2  unable to be answered 无法回答的  an unanswerable question  无法回答的问题 □ unanswerableness  n.  □ unanswerably  adv.  

unanswered /ʌnˈɑ:nsəd/ adj.  not answered 未答复的；未驳斥的；无反应的

unanticipated /ʌnænˈtisipeitid/ adj.  not anticipated 未预料到的，意料之外的，未曾预见到的

unapologetic /ˌʌnəpɒləˈdʒetik/ adj.  not apologetic or sorry 不道歉的，不认错的，不愧悔的；不辩解的 □ unapologetically  adv.  

unapparent /ʌnəˈpær(ə)nt/ adj.  not apparent 不明显的，不清楚的，含糊的

unappealable /ʌnəˈpi:ləb(ə)l/ adj. esp. Law  not able to be appealed against (尤)【法律】不可上诉的

unappealing /ʌnəˈpi:liŋ/ adj.  not appealing; unattractive 无吸引力的，无感染力的，不能打动人的 □ unappealingly  adv.  

unappeasable /ʌnəˈpi:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  not appeasable 难以平息的；无法抚慰的；不能缓和的；不能满足的

unappeased /ʌnəˈpi:zd/ adj.  not appeased 未平息的；未加抚慰的；未缓和的；未予以满足的

unappetizing /ʌnˈæpitaiziŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 unappetising)  not appetizing 索然无味的；引不起食欲的 □ unappetizingly  adv.  

unapplied /ʌnəˈplaid/ adj.  not applied 未应用的

unappreciated /ʌnəˈpri:ʃieitid/ adj.  not appreciated 不受赏识的；未被欣赏的；不领情的

unappreciative /ʌnəˈpri:ʃ(i)ətiv/ adj.  not appreciative 不赏识的；不欣赏的；无鉴赏力的，无欣赏能力的

unapprehended /ˌʌnæpriˈhendid/ adj.  1  not perceived by the intellect 未被理解的，未被领悟的 2  not arrested 未被逮捕的，逍遥法外的

unapproachable /ʌnəˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not approachable; remote, inaccessible 不可接近的；偏远的，交通不便的 2 (of a person) unfriendly (指人)不友好的；难以接近的；不可亲近的 □ unapproachability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unapproachableness  n.  □ unapproachably  adv.  

unappropriated /ʌnəˈprəʊprieitid/ adj.  1  not allocated or assigned 未被分配的，未被分派的；未被调拨的 2  not taken into possession by anyone 未被占用的

unapproved /ʌnəˈpru:vd/ adj.  not approved or sanctioned 未经同意的；未获准的；未通过的

unapt /ʌnˈæpt/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  not suitable 不适宜的，不恰当的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  not apt 不易于…的，没有…倾向的 □ unaptly  adv.  □ unaptness  n.  

unarguable /ʌnˈɑ:ɡjʊəb(ə)l/ adj.  not arguable; certain 不容争辩的，无可辩驳的；确实的 □ unarguably  adv.  

unarm /ʌnˈɑ:m/ v. tr.  deprive or free of arms or armour 缴…的械，解除…的武装；脱去(或剥去)…的盔甲

unarmed /ʌnˈɑ:md/ adj.  not armed; without weapons 未武装的，无武器的；徒手的

unarresting /ʌnəˈrestiŋ/ adj.  uninteresting, dull 无趣的，无聊的，枯燥的，乏味的 □ unarrestingly  adv.  

unarticulated /ʌnɑ:ˈtikjʊleitid/ adj.  not articulated or distinct 不善言辞的，表达不清楚的；发音不清楚的，口齿不清的

unartistic /ʌnɑ:ˈtistik/ adj.  not artistic, esp. not concerned with art 非艺术的；缺乏艺术性的；无艺术鉴赏力的；缺乏艺术修养的 □ unartistically  adv.  

unascertainable /ˌʌnæsəˈteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be ascertained 无法查明的，不能确定的

unascertained /ˌʌnæsəˈteind/ adj.  not ascertained; unknown 未查明的，未经确定的

unashamed /ʌnəˈʃeimd/ adj.  1  feeling no guilt, shameless 无羞耻心的，不害臊的，恬不知耻的 2  blatant; bold 公开的；无顾忌的 □ unashamedly  /-midli/ adv.  □ unashamedness  /-midnis/ n.  

unasked /ʌnˈɑ:skt/ adj.  not asked, requested, or invited 未被问及的；未被邀请的；未经要(请)求的，主动的

unasked-for adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (esp. of advice) not sought or requested (尤指建议)未经请求的，主动提出的

unassailable /ʌnəˈseiləb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be attacked or questioned; impregnable 攻不破的，难以攻下的；不容怀疑的；无懈可击的；坚不可摧的 □ unassailability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unassailableness  n.  □ unassailably  adv.  

unassertive /ʌnəˈsɜ:tiv/ adj. (of a person) not assertive or forthcoming; reticent (指人)不武断的；不一意孤行的；腼腆的 □ unassertively  adv.  □ unassertiveness  n.  

unassignable /ʌnəˈsainəb(ə)l/ adj.  not assignable 不可分配的；不可指派的；不可指定的

unassigned /ʌnəˈsaind/ adj.  not assigned 未分配的；未指派的；未指定的

unassimilated /ʌnəˈsimileitid/ adj.  not assimilated 未被吸收的；未同化的 □ unassimilable  adj.  不可吸收的；不可同化的

unassisted /ʌnəˈsistid/ adj.  not assisted 无帮助的，独立的

unassociated /ʌnəˈsəʊʃieitid, -si-/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  having no connection or association 没有联系的，不相关的，无关联的

unassuaged /ʌnəˈsweidʒd/ adj.  not assuaged 未平息的；未减轻的；未缓和的；未得到满足的 □ unassuageable  adj.  

unassuming /ʌnəˈsju:miŋ/ adj.  not pretentious or arrogant; modest by nature 不摆架子的；不装腔作势的；不铺张招摇的；不傲慢的，谦逊的 □ unassumingly  adv.  □ unassumingness  n.  

unatoned /ʌnəˈtəʊnd/ adj.  not atoned for 未赎罪的；未偿还的

unattached /ʌnəˈtætʃt/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not attached, esp. to a particular body, organization, etc. (尤指与一个机构、组织等)无关系的，无联系的；不隶属的，独立的 2  single; not married or having an established partner 单身的；未婚的；未订婚的；无确定伴侣的

unattackable /ʌnəˈtækəb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be attacked or damaged 无法攻击的；无法侵袭的；无法损坏的

unattainable /ʌnəˈteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  not attainable 无法达到的；做不到的 □ unattainableness  n.  □ unattainably  adv.  

unattempted /ʌnəˈtem(p)tid/ adj.  not attempted 未经尝试的

unattended /ʌnəˈtendid/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  not attended 没人照顾的；未被注意的；未做的；未被执行的 2 (of a person, vehicle, etc.) not accompanied; alone; uncared for (指人、车等)无随从的；无陪伴的；没人伺候的；单独的；无人看管的，无人照料的

unattractive /ʌnəˈtræktiv/ adj.  not attractive 无吸引力的；不引人注目的；无魅力的；平凡的；乏味的 □ unattractively  adv.  □ unattractiveness  n.  

unattributable /ʌnəˈtribjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of information) that cannot or may not be attributed to a source etc. (尤指信息)无可归因的；无可归属的 □ unattributably  adv.  

unattributed /ʌnəˈtribjʊtid/ adj. (of a painting, quotation, etc.) not attributed to a source etc. (指画、引用语等)无根据的；找不到出处的

unaudited /ʌnˈɔ:ditid/ adj. (of accounts etc.) not audited (指账目等)未审计的

unauthentic /ʌnɔ:ˈθentik/ adj.  not authentic 不可靠的，不可信的；非真正的 □ unauthentically  adv.  

unauthenticated /ʌnɔ:ˈθentikeitid/ adj.  not authenticated 未经证实的，未经鉴定的，不可靠的

unauthorized /ʌnˈɔ:θəraizd/ adj. (also 亦作 unauthorised)  not authorized 未经授权的，越权的；未经批准的；未经委托的；未经许可的

unavailable /ʌnəˈveiləb(ə)l/ adj.  not available 不可获得的，得不到的；达不到的；不适用的；不可用的，无用的；无效的，不通用的 □ unavailability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unavailableness  n.  

unavailing /ʌnəˈveiliŋ/ adj.  not availing; achieving nothing; ineffectual 无益的，无用的；一事无成的；无效的，徒劳的 □ unavailingly  adv.  

unavoidable /ʌnəˈvɔidəb(ə)l/ adj.  not avoidable; inevitable 不可避免的，必然的；不得已的 □ unavoidability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unavoidableness  n.  □ unavoidably  adv.  

unavowed /ʌnəˈvaʊd/ adj.  not avowed 未公开承认的；未公开宣布的，秘密的

unawakened /ʌnəˈweik(ə)nd/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 通常后跟 to)  not yet aware; dormant 尚未意识到的；未曾激发的；静止的，潜伏的 2  not awake 未醒的；未被唤醒的

unaware /ʌnəˈwɛə/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of, or that + clause)  not aware; ignorant 未意识到的，不知道的；不注意的，没觉察到的  unaware of her presence  不知道她在场 2 (of a person) insensitive; unperceptive (指人)粗心大意的；感觉迟钝的；无识别能力的 ●adv.  = UNAWARES  □ unawareness  n.  

unawares /ʌnəˈwɛəz/ adv.  1  unexpectedly 出其不意地，冷不防地，意外地，突然地  met them unawares  与他们不期而遇，和他们邂逅相遇 2  inadvertently 无意地，不知不觉地  dropped it unawares  无意之中把它丢失了 [earlier unware(s) from Old English unwœr(es) : see WARE2]

unawed /ʌnˈɔ:d/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 by)  not inspired with awe; not awestruck 不令人敬畏的；并不令人肃然起敬的

unbacked /ʌnˈbækt/ adj.  1  not supported 无助的；无人支持的；无后台的 2 (of a horse etc.) having no backers (指马等)未被骑过的；未驯服的 3 (of a chair, picture, etc.) having no back or backing (指椅子)无靠背的；(指图片等)无衬背的

unbalance /ʌnˈbæl(ə)ns/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  upset the physical or mental balance of 使失去平衡，使不均衡；使精神错乱  unbalanced by the blow  被打得七歪八扭 the shock unbalanced him  他惊骇得精神失常 2 (as 作 unbalanced adj.)  a  not balanced 不平衡的，不均衡的b (of a mind or a person) unstable or deranged (指精神)错乱的，紊乱的；(指人)精神错乱的；无理性的；片面的；不稳定的 ●n.  lack of balance; instability, esp. mental 失衡，失去均衡；(尤指精神)不稳定，错乱，紊乱

unban /ʌnˈbæn/ v. tr. (unbanned, unbanning)  cease to ban; remove a ban from 解除禁令，解禁

unbar /ʌnˈbɑ:/ v. tr. (unbarred, unbarring)  1  remove a bar or bars from (a gate etc.) 拔去(大门等的)门闩，打开(大门等) 2  unlock 打开…的锁

unbearable /ʌnˈbɛərəb(ə)l/ adj.  not bearable 无法忍受的；承受不住的，经不起的 □ unbearableness  n.  □ unbearably  adv.  

unbeatable /ʌnˈbi:təb(ə)l/ adj.  not beatable; excelling 难以战胜的，无法打败的，打不垮的；无与伦比的，不能超越的

unbeaten /ʌnˈbi:t(ə)n/ adj.  1  not beaten 未捣碎的；未曾挨打的；未走过的 2 (of a record etc.) not surpassed (指纪录等)未被打破的；未被击败的 3 Cricket (of a player) not out 【板球】(指队员)未出局的

unbeautiful /ʌnˈbju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not beautiful; ugly 不美的，难看的，丑陋的 □ unbeautifully  adv.  

unbecoming /ʌnbiˈkʌmiŋ/ adj.  1 (esp. of clothing) not flattering or suiting a person (尤指衣服)不相配的；不合身的；难看的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, for)  not fitting; indecorous or unsuitable 不合适的，不适宜的；不体面的；不合礼节的 □ unbecomingly  adv.  □ unbecomingness  n.  

unbefitting /ʌnbiˈfitiŋ/ adj.  not befitting; unsuitable 不恰当的，不合适的，不相宜的，不得体的 □ unbefittingly  adv.  □ unbefittingness  n.  

unbefriended /ʌnbiˈfrendid/ adj.  not befriended 无朋友的，无人扶助的；不友好的

unbegotten /ʌnbiˈɡɒt(ə)n/ adj.  not begotten 尚未出生的

unbeholden /ʌnbiˈhəʊld(ə)n/ predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  under no obligation 没有义务的，没有责任的

unbeknown /ʌnbiˈnəʊn/ adj. (also 亦作 unbeknownst /-ˈnəʊnst/) (foll. by 后跟 to)  without the knowledge of 未知的；不为…所知的  was there all the time unbeknown to us  始终不为我们所知 [UN-1 + archaic beknown = KNOWN]

unbelief /ʌnbiˈli:f/ n.  lack of belief, esp. in religious matters (尤指在宗教方面)不信；无信仰；怀疑 □ unbeliever  n.  □ unbelieving  adj.  □ unbelievingly  adv.  

unbelievable /ʌnbiˈli:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  impossible to believe; incredible 难以置信的，不可思议的 □ unbelievability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unbelievableness  n.  □ unbelievably  adv.  

unbeloved /ʌnbiˈlʌvd/ adj.  not beloved 无人爱的，不为人所爱的

unbelt /ʌnˈbelt/ v. tr.  remove or undo the belt of (a garment etc.) 解下(衣服等的)带子(或腰带、皮带)

unbend /ʌnˈbend/ v. (past and past part. unbent)  1 tr. & intr.  change from a bent position; straighten 弄直；伸直；放直 2 intr.  relax from strain or severity; become affable 放松；松弛；变得随意，变得和蔼可亲  likes to unbend with a glass of beer  喜欢喝啤酒来放松一下 3 tr. Naut. 【海】  a  unfasten (sails) from yards and stays (指从桅杆上)卸下(风帆)b  cast (a cable) loose 解开(索具)c  untie (a rope) 解开(绳索)

unbending /ʌnˈbendiŋ/ adj.  1  not bending; inflexible 挺直的；不易弯曲的 2  firm; austere 不屈不挠的，坚定的；顽固的；不妥协的；严厉的；严格的  unbending rectitude  刚正不阿 3  relaxing from strain, activity, or formality 松弛的，轻松的，不拘束的；不一本正经的，随意的 □ unbendingly  adv.  □ unbendingness  n.  

unbiased /ʌnˈbaiəst/ adj. (also 亦作 unbiassed)  not biased; impartial 不偏不倚的；无偏见的；公正的

unbiblical /ʌnˈbiblik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not in or authorized by the Bible 不按照《圣经》的；非出于《圣经》的 2  contrary to the Bible 有悖于《圣经》的

unbiddable /ʌnˈbidəb(ə)l/ adj. Brit.  disobedient; not docile [英]不服从的，不顺从的

unbidden /ʌnˈbid(ə)n/ adj.  not commanded or invited 未被指使的，未奉命的；自愿的，自发的，自动的；未受邀请的  arrived unbidden  不请自到

unbind /ʌnˈbaind/ v. tr. (past and past part. unbound)  release from bonds or binding 解开，松开；替…解开束缚；释放；解放

unbirthday /ʌnˈbɜ:θdei/ n. (often 常作 attrib.) joc.  any day but one's birthday [诙]非生日当天的  an unbirthday party  不在生日当天举行的生日晚会

unbleached /ʌnˈbli:tʃt/ adj.  not bleached 未漂白的；原色的，本色的

unblemished /ʌnˈblemiʃt/ adj.  not blemished 无瑕疵的；无污点的；无缺点的；清白的

unblessed /ʌnˈblesid, ʌnˈblest/ adj. (also 亦作 unblest)  not blessed 无福气的；不快乐的；不幸的；倒霉的；未受祝福的；未蒙神佑的；邪恶的；被诅咒的

unblinking /ʌnˈbliŋkiŋ/ adj.  1  not blinking 不眨眼的 2  steadfast; not hesitating 无畏的；不动摇的，坚定的；直率的 3  stolid; cool 不露感情的；不动声色的 □ unblinkingly  adv.  

unblock /ʌnˈblɒk/ v. tr.  1  remove an obstruction from (esp. a pipe, drain, etc.) 扫除…的障碍，疏通(尤指管道、下水道等) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Cards  allow the later unobstructed play of (a suit) by playing a high card 【牌戏】出大牌以使(搭档手中的同花色好牌)免于受阻，搭桥疏通

unblown /ʌnˈbləʊn/ adj.  1  not blown 未被风吹动的；未被风吹散的 2 archaic (of a flower) not yet in bloom [古义] (指花)含苞的，未开的

unblushing /ʌnˈblʌʃiŋ/ adj.  1  not blushing 不脸红的 2  unashamed; frank 不害臊的，不知耻的，厚颜无耻的；坦率的，率直的 □ unblushingly  adv.  

unbolt /ʌnˈbəʊlt/ v. tr.  release (a door etc.) by drawing back the bolt 拔掉(门等的)闩或插销；打开

unbolted /ʌnˈbəʊltid/ adj.  1  not bolted 未栓住的；未上闩或插销的；打开的；开着的 2 (of flour etc.) not sifted (指面粉等)未筛过的

unbonnet /ʌnˈbɒnit/ v. (unbonneted, unbonneting)  1 tr.  remove the bonnet from 脱下(头上的)帽子 2 intr. archaic  remove one's hat or bonnet esp. in respect. [古义] (尤指为表示敬意)脱帽

unbookish /ʌnˈbʊkiʃ/ adj.  1  not academic; not often inclined to read 无知识的；未受教育的；不爱读书的 2  free from bookishness 无书卷气的

unboot /ʌnˈbu:t/ v. intr. & tr.  remove one's boots or the boots of (a person) 脱下长统靴；替(人)脱下长统靴

unborn /ʌnˈbɔ:n/ adj.  1  not yet born 未出生的，未诞生的  an unborn child  胎儿 2  never to be brought into being 无法实现的；渺茫的  unborn hopes  渺茫的希望

unbosom /ʌnˈbʊz(ə)m/ v. tr.  1  disclose (thoughts, secrets, etc.) 吐露(心事)；暴露(思想)；说出(秘密)；倾诉 2 (作 refl.; often foll.by 通常后跟 of)  unburden (oneself) of one's thoughts, secrets, etc. 吐露(倾诉或表明) (自己的思想、秘密等)心迹

unbothered /ʌnˈbɒðəd/ adj.  not bothered; unconcerned 未受打扰的；无所谓的；不在乎的

unbound1 /ʌnˈbaʊnd/ adj.  1  not bound or tied up 解脱束缚的；无束缚的；被释放的 2  unconstrained 无约束的 3  a (of a book) not having a binding (指书)未装订成册的b  having paper covers 平装的 4 (of a substance or particle) in a loose or free state (指物质或粒子)非结合的；非束缚的，自由的

unbound2 past and past part.  of UNBIND 

unbounded /ʌnˈbaʊndid/ adj.  not bounded; infinite 无边的，无涯的；无限的  unbounded optimism  极其乐观 □ unboundedly  adv.  □ unboundedness  n.  

unbowed /ʌnˈbaʊd/ adj. (usu. 通常作 predic.)  undaunted 不屈服的；大无畏的

unbrace /ʌnˈbreis/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  free from tension; relax (the nerves etc.) 松弛，放松(神经等)；宽心 2  remove a brace or braces from 解开…的索带或背带；松开

unbranded /ʌnˈbrændid/ adj.  1 (of a product) not bearing a brand name (指产品)无商标的 2 (of livestock) not branded with the owner's mark (指牲畜)未打上烙印的；无物主标记的

unbreachable /ʌnˈbri:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be breached 无法违背的；无法破坏的

unbreakable /ʌnˈbreikəb(ə)l/ adj.  not breakable 不会破的；不易打碎的；牢不可破的

unbreathable /ʌnˈbri:ðəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be breathed 不宜于呼吸的，不宜吸入的

unbribable /ʌnˈbraibəb(ə)l/ adj.  not bribable 不可收买的，不可贿赂的

unbridgeable /ʌnˈbridʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be bridged 无法架桥的；无法连结(弥合)的；不可逾越的

unbridle /ʌnˈbraid(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  remove a bridle from (a horse) 卸除(马的)辔头；放松(马的)缰绳 2  remove constraints from (one's tongue, a person, etc.) 对(言语、人等)不加约束，放纵；信口开河 3 (as 作 unbridled adj.)  unconstrained 不受约束的，不受控制的，放纵的，放肆的，信马由缰的  unbridled insolence  极为傲慢

unbroken /ʌnˈbrəʊk(ə)n/ adj.  1  not broken 未破损的，未断裂的，完整的；未违反的 2  not tamed 未驯服的  an unbroken horse  未驯服的马 3  not interrupted 未中断的，连续的  unbroken sleep  连续的睡眠；整觉 4  not surpassed 未被打破的  an unbroken record  未打破的纪录 □ unbrokenly  adv.  □ unbrokenness  /-ənnis/ n.  

unbruised /ʌnˈbru:zd/ adj.  not bruised 未擦伤的；没有淤伤的

unbuckle /ʌnˈbʌk(ə)l/ v. tr.  release the buckle of (a strap, shoe, etc.) 解开(带子、鞋等的)搭扣

unbuild /ʌnˈbild/ v. tr. (past and past part. unbuilt)  1  demolish or destroy (a building, theory, system, etc.) 破坏，毁坏；夷平，拆除(建筑)；摧毁(理论、制度等) 2 (as 作 unbuilt adj.)  not yet built or (of land etc.) not yet built on 未兴建的，未修建的；(指土地等)无建筑物的

unbundle /ʌnˈbʌnd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  unpack; remove from a bundle 打开，解开(包裹) 2  market (goods or services) separately 对(货物或服务)作分类交易 3  split (a company) into separate businesses 将(公司)分成若干独立的企业 □ unbundler  n. (in sense 3 用于释义 3)  

unburden /ʌnˈbɜ:d(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  relieve of a burden 使卸去负荷；解除负担 2 (esp. 尤用作 refl.; often foll. by 常后跟 to)  relieve (oneself, one's conscience, etc.) by confession etc. (通过吐露心事等)消除(自己的、良心上的等)负担或不安 □ unburdened  adj.  

unburied /ʌnˈberid/ adj.  not buried 未埋葬的

unburnt /ʌnˈbɜ:nt/ adj. (also 亦作 unburned /-ˈbɜ:nt, -ˈbɜ:nd/)  1  a  not consumed by fire 未烧坏的；未烧毁的b  not scorched; not affected or damaged by fire etc. 未烧焦的；未烧伤的 2 (esp. of bricks) not subjected to the action of fire (尤指砖)未(煅)烧的

unbury /ʌnˈberi/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  remove from the ground etc. after burial 从坟墓中挖掘出 2  unearth (a secret etc.) 发掘(秘密等)

unbusinesslike /ʌnˈbiznislaik/ adj.  not businesslike 无条理的；不合规矩的；效率不高的

unbutton /ʌnˈbʌt(ə)n/ v. tr.  1  a  unfasten (a coat etc.) by taking the buttons out of the buttonholes 解开(衣服等的)纽扣b  unbutton the clothes of (a person) 解开(某人)衣服的纽扣 2 (absol. [含宾]) colloq.  relax from tension or formality, become communicative [口]消除紧张或拘束变得健谈 3 (as 作 unbuttoned adj.)  a  not buttoned 纽扣解开的；没有纽扣的b colloq.  communicative; informal [口]健谈的；无拘束的，随便的；非正式的

uncage /ʌnˈkeidʒ/ v. tr.  1  release from a cage 把…从笼中放出 2  release from constraint; liberate 释放

uncalled /ʌnˈkɔ:ld/ adj.  not summoned or invited 未被召唤的；未被邀请的 □ uncalled for  (also (hyphenated) (与连字符连用)亦作 attrib.) (of an opinion, action, etc.) impertinent or unnecessary (指意见、行动等)不恰当的；没有理由的；不必要的，多此一举的  such extreme measures are entirely uncalled for  此类极端措施完全没有必要 an uncalled-for remark  多余的话

uncandid /ʌnˈkændid/ adj.  not candid; disingenuous 不真诚的，无诚意的，不坦率的

uncanny /ʌnˈkæni/ adj. (uncannier, uncanniest)  seemingly supernatural; mysterious 离奇的，奇怪的，怪异的；神秘的 □ uncannily  adv.  □ uncanniness  n.   [originally Scots & northern English, from UN-1 + CANNY]

uncanonical /ʌnkəˈnɒnik(ə)l/ adj.  not canonical 不合教规的；非正统的；不典范的；非权威性的；未认可的 □ uncanonically  adv.  

uncap /ʌnˈkæp/ v. tr. (uncapped, uncapping)  1  remove the cap from (a jar, bottle, etc.) 打开(罐子、瓶子等的)盖子 2  remove a cap from (the head or another person) 从(头上)摘下帽子；脱去(某人的)帽子

uncapped /ʌnˈkæpt/ adj. Sport (of a player) never having been selected for his or her national team 【运动】(指队员)从未入选国家队的，从未授予国家队队员帽的

uncared-for /ʌnˈkɛədfɔ:/ adj. (also 亦作 uncared for predic.)  disregarded; neglected 没人照顾(或照管、护理、保养等)的；被忽视的

uncaring /ʌnˈkɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  neglectful 不注意的，不予关注的 2  lacking compassion 缺乏同情心的

uncarpeted /ʌnˈkɑ:pitid/ adj.  not covered or provided with a carpet or carpeting 未铺地毯的

uncase /ʌnˈkeis/ v. tr.  remove from a cover or case 除去…的盖子(罩、壳等覆盖物)；从箱子(或盒子等)中取出

uncashed /ʌnˈkæʃt/ adj.  not cashed 未兑现的

uncatchable /ʌnˈkætʃəb(ə)l/ adj. (esp. of a team, athlete, etc.) not able or likely to be caught up with (尤指团队、运动员等)无法(或不可能)被赶上的

uncaught /ʌnˈkɔ:t/ adj.  not caught 未抓住的；未捉住的；未捕获的

unceasing /ʌnˈsi:siŋ/ adj.  not ceasing; continuous 不停的，不断的，持续的  unceasing effort  不懈的努力 □ unceasingly  adv.  

uncelebrated /ʌnˈselibreitid/ adj.  not publicly acclaimed 未公开表扬的；不出名的；无名的，默默无闻的

uncensored /ʌnˈsensəd/ adj.  not censored 未经审查的，未经检查的

uncensured /ʌnˈsenʃəd/ adj.  not censured 未责难的

unceremonious /ˌʌnseriˈməʊniəs/ adj.  1  lacking ceremony or formality 不拘礼的，非正式的；随便的 2  abrupt; discourteous 无礼的，失礼的；唐突的；粗鲁的 □ unceremoniously  adv.  □ unceremoniousness  n.  

uncertain /ʌnˈsɜ:t(ə)n, -tin/ adj.  1  not certainly knowing or known 不确定的；不确知的；不能断定的  uncertain what it means  不知道到底什么意思 the result is uncertain  说不清楚会出现什么结果 2  unreliable 不可靠的；难以预料的，未定的  his aim is uncertain  他的目标摇摆不定 3  changeable, erratic 易变的，无常的；捉摸不定的  uncertain weather  变幻莫测的天气 □ in no uncertain terms   clearly and forcefully 清清楚楚，毫不含糊□ uncertainly  adv.  

uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜ:t(ə)nti, -tinti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the fact or condition of being uncertain 不确定；不确信；难以预料；无常；易变；靠不住；不稳定 2  an uncertain matter or circumstance 不确定的事物或情况

uncertainty principle n. (in full 全称 Heisenberg uncertainty principle after W. Heisenberg, German physicist d. 1976) Physics  the principle that the momentum and position of a particle cannot both be precisely determined at the same time 【物理学】(海森伯)测不准原理

uncertified /ʌnˈsɜ:tifaid/ adj.  1  not attested as certain 未经证明确实的，未予保证的 2  not guaranteed by a certificate of competence etc. 未持有证件的；无证件证明的 3  not certified as insane 未证明患有精神病的

unchain /ʌnˈtʃein/ v. tr.  1  remove the chains from 给…解开锁链 2  release; liberate 释放；解放

unchallengeable /ʌnˈtʃælin(d)ʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  not challengeable; unassailable 不可挑战的；不可反对的；无可质疑的；无疑的，肯定的 □ unchallengeably  adv.  

unchallenged /ʌnˈtʃælin(d)ʒd/ adj.  not challenged 未受到挑战的；未引起质疑的；无异议的；毫无疑问的

unchallenging /ʌnˈtʃælin(d)ʒiŋ/ adj.  not presenting a challenge or other stimulation 不具有挑战性的

unchangeable /ʌnˈtʃein(d)ʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  not changeable; immutable, invariable 不变的；不可改变的 □ unchangeability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unchangeableness  n.  □ unchangeably  adv.  

unchanged /ʌnˈtʃein(d)ʒd/ adj.  not changed; unaltered 未改变的；无变化的

unchanging /ʌnˈtʃein(d)ʒiŋ/ adj.  not changing; remaining the same 不变的；恒常的 □ unchangingly  adv.  

unchaperoned /ʌnˈʃæpərəʊnd/ adj.  without a chaperone 无年长妇女陪伴的

uncharacteristic /ˌʌnkærəktəˈristik/ adj.  not characteristic 不典型的；不表示特性的 □ uncharacteristically  adv.  

uncharged /ʌnˈtʃɑ:dʒd/ adj.  not charged (esp. in senses 3, 7, 8 of CHARGE v.) 无电荷的，不带电的；未装弹药的；不收费的；未受攻击的；没有受指控的；没有负担的，没有负荷的(尤用于 CHARGE 动词释义 3 、 7 、 8)

uncharismatic /ˌʌnkærizˈmætik/ adj.  lacking charisma 没有魅力的

uncharitable /ʌnˈtʃæritəb(ə)l/ adj.  censorious, severe in judgement 挑剔的，苛评的；无情的，严厉的 □ uncharitableness  n.  □ uncharitably  adv.  

uncharted /ʌnˈtʃɑ:tid/ adj.  not charted, mapped, or surveyed 图上未标明的；未经绘图的；未经探测的

unchartered /ʌnˈtʃɑ:təd/ adj.  1  not furnished with a charter; not formally privileged or constituted 未领有特许状的；未经正式特许或合法设立的；无许可证的 2  unauthorized; illegal 未授权的；非法的；不正当的

unchaste /ʌnˈtʃeist/ adj.  not chaste 不贞洁的；淫荡的，下流的；不纯洁的；不正派的；低级庸俗的 □ unchastely  adv.  □ unchastity  /-ˈtʃæstiti/ n.  

unchastened /ʌnˈtʃeis(ə)nd/ adj.  not sorry; unbowed 不感到抱歉的；不屈服的；不改悔的

unchecked /ʌnˈtʃekt/ adj.  1  not checked 未经检查的；未经核对的 2  freely allowed; unrestrained 未受约束的；不受抑制的；未加制止的  unchecked violence  猖獗的暴行

unchivalrous /ʌnˈʃiv(ə)lrəs/ adj.  not chivalrous; rude 无骑士品质的；不勇武的，不侠义的；粗鲁的，无礼的 □ unchivalrously  adv.  

unchosen /ʌnˈtʃəʊz(ə)n/ adj.  not chosen 未选中的

unchristian /ʌnˈkristʃ(ə)n, -tiən/ adj.  1  a  contrary to Christian principles, esp. uncaring or selfish 不合基督教教义的，(尤指)不关心人的，自私的b  not Christian 不信仰基督的，非基督教徒的；异教的 2 colloq.  outrageous [口]野蛮的，不文明的；令人不能容忍的；可怕的 □ unchristianly  adv.  

unchurch /ʌnˈtʃɜ:tʃ/ v. tr.  1  excommunicate; exclude from a church 逐出教会；开除出教会 2  deprive (a building) of its status as a church 剥夺(建筑物的)教堂地位 3 (as 作 unchurched adj.)  not associated with a church; not churchgoing 不属于任何教会的；与任何教会无关的；不去教堂做礼拜的

uncial /ˈʌnsiəl, -ʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or written in majuscule writing with rounded unjoined letters found in manuscripts of the 4th － 8th c., from which modern capitals are derived 安色尔字母的；安色尔字体的(在 4 世纪到 8 世纪的手稿中发现的大写字母，字体圆且互不连接。现在使用的大写字母就是从中发展而来的) 2  of or relating to an inch or an ounce 英寸的；盎司的 ●n.  1  an uncial letter 安色尔字母 2  an uncial style or manuscript 安色尔字体；用安色尔字体书写的手稿 [Latin uncialis from uncia ‘inch’: sense 1 in Late Latin sense of unciales litterae ‘uncial letters’, the original application of which is unclear]

unciform /ˈʌnsifɔ:m/ n.  = UNCINATE 

uncinate /ˈʌnsinət, -eit/ adj. esp. Anat.  hooked; crooked (尤)【解】有钩的；钩状的 [Latin uncinatus from uncinus ‘hook’]

uncircumcised /ʌnˈsɜ:kəmsaizd/ adj.  1  not circumcised 未割包皮(或阴蒂)的；未受割礼的 2 archaic  spiritually impure; heathen [古义] (指心)不净的；异教徒的 □ uncircumcision  /-ˈsiʒ(ə)n/ n.  

uncivil /ʌnˈsiv(ə)l, -vil/ adj.  1  ill-mannered; impolite 无礼貌的，失礼的；粗鲁的 2  not public-spirited 无公益精神的，不热心公益的 □ uncivilly  adv.  

uncivilized /ʌnˈsivilaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 uncivilised)  1  not civilized 不文明的 2  rough; uncultured 野蛮的；未开化的；无教养的；无知识的

unclad /ʌnˈklæd/ adj.  not clad; naked 未穿衣服的，赤裸的

unclaimed /ʌnˈkleimd/ adj.  not claimed 无人认领的，无人领取的；未经要求的

unclasp /ʌnˈklɑ:sp/ v. tr.  1  loosen the clasp or clasps of 解开…的扣子或扣钩 2  release the grip of (a hand etc.) 放开；松开(手等)

unclassifiable /ʌnˈklæsifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not classifiable 不可分类的，不可归类的

unclassified /ʌnˈklæsifaid/ adj.  1  not classified 未分类的，未归类的 2 (of State information) not secret (指国家情报)不归入密级的，不保密的

uncle /ˈʌŋk(ə)l/ n.  1  a  the brother of one's father or mother 伯父；叔父；舅父b  an aunt's husband 姑父；姨父 2 colloq.  a name given by children to a male family friend [口] (儿童对父母的男性朋友的称呼)叔叔；伯伯；大伯；大叔 3 slang  a pawnbroker [俚语]典当商，当铺老板 [Middle English via Anglo-French uncle, Old French oncle and Late Latin aunculus from Latin avunculus ‘maternal uncle’: see AVUNCULAR]

-uncle /ˈʌŋk(ə)l/ suffix  forming nouns, usu. diminutives (carbuncle 红玉；棕红；红斑) 构成名词，通常为指小名词 [Old French -uncle, -oncle or Latin -unculus, -la, a special form of -ulus -ULE]

unclean /ʌnˈkli:n/ adj.  1  not clean 不干净的，肮脏的 2  unchaste 不纯洁的；不贞洁的；猥亵的；邪恶的 3  unfit to be eaten; ceremonially impure 不适宜食用的；(礼仪上)不洁净的 4 Bibl. (of a spirit) wicked 【圣经】(指灵魂或鬼)邪恶的 □ uncleanly  adv.  □ uncleanness  /ʌnˈkli:nnis/ n.   [Old English unclœˉne (as UN-1, CLEAN)]

uncleanly /ʌnˈklenli/ adj. archaic or formal  unclean [古义] [正式]不干净的；不纯洁的；邪恶的 □ uncleanliness  n.  

unclear /ʌnˈkliə/ adj.  1  not clear or easy to; obscure, uncertain 不清楚的；含糊的；不肯定的 2 (of a person) doubtful, uncertain (指人)不确知的；不确定的  I'm unclear as to what you mean  我搞不清你倒底什么意思 □ unclearly  adv.  □ unclearness  n.  

uncleared /ʌnˈkliəd/ adj.  1 (of a cheque etc.) not cleared (指支票等)未兑现的 2  not cleared away or up 未整理的，未收拾的；未清除的 3 (of land) not cleared of trees etc. (指土地)未清除(树木等)的

unclench /ʌnˈklen(t)ʃ/ v.  1 tr.  release (clenched hands, features, teeth, etc.) 松开(握紧的手、牙等)；放松(绷紧的面容)；弄开；撬开；放开 2 intr. (of clenched hands etc.) become relaxed or open (指握紧的手)松开，张开

Uncle Sam /sæm/ n. colloq.  the federal government or citizens of the US [口]山姆大叔(指美国联邦政府或美国人)  will fight for Uncle Sam  为山姆大叔(美国)而战 [probably expanded from US ‘United States’]

Uncle Tom n. offens.  a black man considered to be servile, cringing, etc. (from the hero of H. B. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852) [冒犯]汤姆叔叔(指卑琐而逆来顺受的黑人) (源自 H · B ·斯托的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 (1852 年)的主人公)

unclimbed /ʌnˈklaimd/ adj. (of a peak, rock face, etc.) not previously climbed (指山峰、岩壁等)以前未攀登过的 □ unclimbable  adj.  爬不上去的，不可攀登的

unclinch /ʌnˈklin(t)ʃ/ v. tr. & intr.  release or become released from a clinch 放开，松开

uncloak /ʌnˈkləʊk/ v. tr.  1  expose, reveal 揭露，使暴露 2  remove a cloak from 脱去…的披风(斗篷)；揭开…的覆盖物

unclog /ʌnˈklɒɡ/ v. tr. (unclogged, unclogging)  unblock (a drain, pipe, etc.) 疏通(下水道、管道等)，使…畅通；清除…的障碍

unclose /ʌnˈkləʊz/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  open 打开 2 tr.  reveal; disclose 揭露，使暴露

unclothe /ʌnˈkləʊð/ v. tr.  1  remove the clothes from 脱去…的衣服；除去…的覆盖物 2  strip of leaves or vegetation 除去叶子或植被  trees unclothed by the wind  被风刮落了叶子的树 3  expose, reveal 揭露，使暴露 □ unclothed  adj.  

unclouded /ʌnˈklaʊdid/ adj.  1  not clouded; clear; bright 无云的，未被遮暗的，晴朗的；清晰的；明朗的 2  untroubled 未被扰乱的，平静的  unclouded serenity  十分平静

uncluttered /ʌnˈklʌtəd/ adj.  not cluttered; austere, simple 不凌乱的；整齐的；整洁的；简朴的

unco /ˈʌŋkə/ adj., adv. & n. Sc. [苏格兰] ●adj.  strange, unusual; notable 陌生的；新奇的；古怪的，怪异的；异乎寻常的；非凡的，出色的；引人注目的 ●adv.  remarkably; very 非常，极其；引人注意地 ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a stranger 陌生人 2 (in pl. 用复数)  news 新闻 □ the unco guid  /ɡid/ esp. derog.  the rigidly religious [尤贬]过分笃信宗教的人们，严谨古板的教徒们 [Middle English, variant of UNCOUTH]

uncoil /ʌnˈkɔil/ v. tr. & intr.  = UNWIND 1 

uncollected /ʌnkəˈlektid/ adj.  1  left awaiting collection 未收集的 2 (of money) not collected in or claimed (指钱款)未收的 3 (of literary work) not gathered into a collection for publication (指文学作品)未收集成册出版的

uncoloured /ʌnˈkʌləd/ adj. (US [美] uncolored)  1  having no colour 无色的；本色的；未染色的；未着色的；无彩色的 2  not influenced; impartial 不受影响的；公平的，不偏不倚的 3  not exaggerated 未加渲染的；未经修饰的

uncombed /ʌnˈkəʊmd/ adj. (of hair or a person) not combed (指头发或人)未梳理过的，蓬乱的

uncome-at-able /ʌnkʌmˈætəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  inaccessible; unattainable [口]难接近的；达不到的

uncomely /ʌnˈkʌmli/ adj.  1  improper; unseemly 不合适的，不恰当的 2  ugly 不标致的，不漂亮的，不秀丽的，难看的

uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not comfortable 不舒服的 2  uneasy; causing or feeling disquiet 不安的；不自在的；令人不安的；感到不安的  an uncomfortable silence  令人难堪的沉默 □ uncomfortableness  n.  □ uncomfortably  adv.  

uncommercial /ʌnkəˈmɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not commercial 不从事商业的；与商业无关的；非商业性的；非赢利的 2  contrary to commercial principles 不符合商业原则的；违反商业道德的

uncommitted /ʌnkəˈmitid/ adj.  1  not committed 未遂的；不受约束的；未作保证的；未表态的；未定用途的 2  unattached to any specific political cause or group 中立的

uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  not common; unusual; remarkable 不平常的；异乎寻常的；罕见的；非凡的，出色的，杰出的 2  remarkably great etc. 特别的；极大的；超出一般的  an uncommon fear of spiders  对蜘蛛的极大恐惧 ●adv. archaic  uncommonly [古义]不平常地，罕见地；异乎寻常地；非凡地，杰出地；特别  he was uncommon fat  他特别胖 □ uncommonly  adv.  □ uncommonness  /-mənnis/ n.  

uncommunicative /ʌnkəˈmju:nikətiv/ adj.  not wanting to communicate; taciturn 不爱说话的；沉默寡言的，缄默的 □ uncommunicatively  adv.  □ uncommunicativeness  n.  

uncompanionable /ʌnkəmˈpænjənəb(ə)l/ adj.  unsociable 不爱交际的；难以相处的

uncompensated /ʌnˈkɒmpenseitid/ adj.  not compensated 未得补偿的，没有得到赔偿的

uncompetitive /ʌnkəmˈpetitiv/ adj.  not competitive 不竞争的；无竞争意识的；无竞争力的

uncomplaining /ʌnkəmˈpleiniŋ/ adj.  not complaining; resigned 不抱怨的，无怨言的；顺从的，听天由命的 □ uncomplainingly  adv.  

uncompleted /ʌnkəmˈpli:tid/ adj.  not completed; incomplete 未完成的；不完全的，不完整的

uncomplicated /ʌnˈkɒmplikeitid/ adj.  not complicated; simple; straightforward 不复杂的，简单的；直截了当的

uncomplimentary /ˌʌnkɒmpliˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  not complimentary; insulting 不称赞的；贬低的，贬损的；污蔑的；侮辱的

uncompounded /ʌnkəmˈpaʊndid/ adj.  not compounded; unmixed 非复合的；非化合的；非混合的；纯粹的

uncomprehending /ˌʌnkɒmpriˈhendiŋ/ adj.  not comprehending 不理解的，不领会的 □ uncomprehendingly  adv.  □ uncomprehension  /-ʃ(ə)n/ n.  

uncompromising /ʌnˈkɒmprəmaisiŋ/ adj.  unwilling to compromise; stubborn; tough and unyielding 不愿妥协的，不让步的；固执的；坚定的；不屈的 □ uncompromisingly  adv.  □ uncompromisingness  n.  

unconcealed /ʌnkənˈsi:ld/ adj.  not concealed; obvious 不隐藏的；不隐瞒的；公开的，明显的

unconcern /ʌnkənˈsɜ:n/ n.  lack of concern; indifference; apathy 漠不关心，不感兴趣；漫不经心 □ unconcerned  adj.  □ unconcernedly  /-nidli/ adv.  

unconcluded /ʌnkənˈklu:did/ adj.  not concluded 未结束的；未决定的；未缔结的

unconditional /ʌnkənˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not subject to conditions; complete 无条件的；不受条件制约的；绝对的；无保留的；完全的  unconditional surrender  无条件投降 □ unconditionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ unconditionally  adv.  

unconditioned /ʌnkənˈdiʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  1  not subject to conditions or to an antecedent condition 无条件的；无先决条件的；绝对的；无保留的 2 (of behaviour etc.) not determined by conditioning; natural (指行为等)无条件的；不受条件制约的；天生的

unconditioned reflex n.  an instinctive response to a stimulus 无条件反射(指对刺激的本能反应)

unconfident /ʌnˈkɒnfid(ə)nt/ adj.  not confident 缺乏信心的；不确信的，犹豫的

unconfined /ʌnkənˈfaind/ adj.  not confined; boundless 未予限制的；自由的

unconfirmed /ʌnkənˈfɜ:md/ adj.  not confirmed 未予确认的，未再次确定的；未证实的

unconformable /ʌnkənˈfɔ:məb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not conformable or conforming 不一致的，不符合的；不相适应的；不顺从的 2 (of rock strata) not having the same direction of stratification (指岩层)不整合的 3 Brit. hist.  not conforming to the provisions of the Act of Uniformity [英史义]和英国国教会划一法案条文不一致的，不符合英国国教会划一法案条文的 □ unconformableness  n.  □ unconformably  adv.  

unconformity /ʌnkənˈfɔ:miti/ n. Geol. 【地质】  1  a large break in the chronological sequence of layers of rock 不整合 2  the surface of contact between two groups of unconformable strata 不整合表面

uncongenial /ʌnkənˈdʒi:niəl/ adj.  not congenial 不协调的；意气不相投的，不情投意合的；不为人所喜爱的，讨厌的，不合意的；不相宜的

unconjecturable /ʌnkənˈdʒektʃ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  not conjecturable 不可推测的；不可猜想的

unconnected /ʌnkəˈnektid/ adj.  1  not physically joined 不连在一起的，分开的 2  not connected or associated 无关的；没有联系的 3 (of speech etc.) disconnected; not joined in order or sequence (指说话等)不连贯的；无条理的  unconnected ideas  无条理的思想 4  not related by family ties 无亲戚关系的 □ unconnectedly  adv.  □ unconnectedness  n.  

unconquerable /ʌnˈkɒŋk(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  not conquerable 不可征服的，不可战胜的；难以攻取的；不能克服的；压抑不住的，不能控制的 □ unconquerableness  n.  □ unconquerably  adv.  

unconquered /ʌnˈkɒŋkəd/ adj.  not conquered or defeated 未被征服(击败、攻取)的；未克服的

unconscionable /ʌnˈkɒnʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  having no conscience 无道德(良心)的b  contrary to conscience 昧着良心的 2  a  unreasonably excessive 过度的  an unconscionable length of time  时间过长b  not right or reasonable 不合理的；不正当的 □ unconscionably  adv.   [UN-1 + obsolete conscionable from conscions, obsolete variant of CONSCIENCE]

unconscious /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not conscious 未意识到的，未察觉的；未感到的；失去知觉的，神志不清的；无知觉的；无意识的，下意识的，潜意识的  unconscious of any change  未觉得有什么变化 fell unconscious on the floor  昏倒在地 an unconscious prejudice  潜意识中存在着的偏见 ●n.  that part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behaviour, emotions, etc. (cf. 参见 COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS) 潜意识 □ unconsciously  adv.  □ unconsciousness  n.  

unconscious cerebration n.  action of the brain with results reached without conscious thought 无意识的脑活动

unconsecrated /ʌnˈkɒnsikreitid/ adj.  not consecrated 不神圣的；不被视为神圣的

unconsenting /ʌnkənˈsentiŋ/ adj.  not consenting 不同意的，不赞同的

unconsidered /ʌnkənˈsidəd/ adj.  1  not considered; disregarded 未考虑的；被忽视的 2 (of a response etc.) immediate; not premeditated (指反应、回答等)未经思考的，轻率的；脱口而出的

unconsolable /ʌnkənˈsəʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be consoled; inconsolable 无法安慰的，无法抚慰(慰藉)的；极为伤心的 □ unconsolably  adv.  

unconstitutional /ˌʌnkɒnstiˈtju:ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not in accordance with the political constitution or with procedural rules 违反宪法的，不符合宪法的；不符合章程(法规)的 □ unconstitutionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ unconstitutionally  adv.  

unconstrained /ʌnkənˈstreind/ adj.  not constrained or compelled 不受约束的；不受强制的；不勉强的；非强迫的；自愿的；从容的，自在的 □ unconstrainedly  /-nidli/ adv.  

unconstraint /ʌnkənˈstreint/ n.  freedom from constraint 不受约束，无拘束；自愿；从容自在

unconstricted /ʌnkənˈstriktid/ adj.  not constricted 未压缩的；未收缩的

unconsulted /ʌnkənˈsʌltid/ adj.  not consulted for information or an opinion 未被请教的

unconsumed /ʌnkənˈsju:md/ adj.  not consumed 未耗尽的；未吃(喝)光的；未遭毁灭的

unconsummated /ʌnˈkɒnsəmeitid, -sjʊ-/ adj.  not consummated 未完成的，未实现的

uncontainable /ʌnkənˈteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  not containable 无法控制的，压抑不住的，难以克制的

uncontaminated /ʌnkənˈtæmineitid/ adj.  not contaminated 未被污染的；未被玷污的；未受感染的

uncontentious /ʌnkənˈtenʃəs/ adj.  not controversial 未引起争论的；不好争论的

uncontested /ʌnkənˈtestid/ adj.  not contested 无人竞争的，无人争夺的；无争论的；无可争辩的 □ uncontestedly  adv.  

uncontradicted /ˌʌnkɒntrəˈdiktid/ adj.  not contradicted 未受反驳的；未遭否认的；不矛盾的

uncontrived /ʌnkənˈtraivd/ adj.  not planned; not artificially created 未事先计划的；未预谋的；非人为制造的

uncontrollable /ʌnkənˈtrəʊləb(ə)l/ adj.  not controllable 无法控制的，控制不住的 □ uncontrollableness  n.  □ uncontrollably  adv.  

uncontrolled /ʌnkənˈtrəʊld/ adj.  not controlled; unrestrained, unchecked 失控的，不受控制的；不加克制的，未加抑制的 □ uncontrolledly  /-lidli/ adv.  

uncontroversial /ˌʌnkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)l/ adj.  not controversial 非争论性的；未引起争论的；不爱争论的 □ uncontroversially  adv.  

uncontroverted /ʌnˈkɒntrəvɜ:tid, ˌʌnkɒntrəˈvɜ:tid/ adj.  not controverted 无争论的；无争辩的；无可争辩的；无可置疑的 □ uncontrovertible  adj.  

unconventional /ʌnkənˈvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not bound by convention or custom; unusual; unorthodox 不依惯例的；非常规的；不符合习惯或传统的；异常的；非传统的 □ unconventionalism  n.  □ unconventionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ unconventionally  adv.  

unconverted /ʌnkənˈvɜ:tid/ adj.  not converted 未转变的；无变化的；未改变信仰的

unconvinced /ʌnkənˈvinst/ adj.  not convinced 未信服的，怀疑的

unconvincing /ʌnkənˈvinsiŋ/ adj.  not convincing 不令人信服的；难以置信的；令人怀疑的 □ unconvincingly  adv.  

uncooked /ʌnˈkʊkt/ adj.  not cooked; raw 未煮过的；未烹调的；生的

uncool /ʌnˈku:l/ adj.  1 slang  not stylish or fashionable; not having street credibility [俚语]不时髦的；不流行的；不赶潮流的；不迎合大众口味的 2 (of jazz) not cool (指爵士乐)狂热的，纵情的

uncooperative /ʌnkəʊˈɒp(ə)rətiv/ adj.  not cooperative 不合作的，不协作的；不抱合作态度的 □ uncooperatively  adv.  

uncoordinated /ʌnkəʊˈɔ:dineitid/ adj.  1  not coordinated 不协同一致的；不合作的；不对等的 2 (of a person's movements etc.) clumsy (指人的动作等)不协调的；笨拙的

uncopiable /ʌnˈkɒpiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be copied 不能抄写的；不能复制的；不能仿造的；无法模仿的

uncord /ʌnˈkɔ:d/ v. tr.  remove the cord from 松开或解开…的绳子

uncork /ʌnˈkɔ:k/ v. tr.  1  draw the cork from (a bottle) 拔去(瓶)塞 2  allow (feelings etc.) to be vented 吐露；倾诉；显露(感情等)

uncorrected /ʌnkəˈrektid/ adj.  not corrected 未改正的；未纠正的；未校正的；未加管教的；未调整的

uncorroborated /ʌnkəˈrɒbəreitid/ adj. (esp. of evidence etc.) not corroborated (尤指证据等)未确认的；未经证实的

uncorrupted /ʌnkəˈrʌptid/ adj.  not corrupted 未堕落的；不腐败的；未腐坏的，未腐烂的

uncountable /ʌnˈkaʊntəb(ə)l/ adj.  inestimable, immense 不可计数的，无数的；无法估量的，无穷的，无限的  uncountable wealth  数不清的财富 □ uncountability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ uncountably  adv.  

uncountable noun n. Gram.  a noun that cannot form a plural or be used with the indefinite article (e.g. 如 happiness) Cf. 参见 MASS NOUN, COUNTABLE NOUN 【语法】不可数名词(指无法构成复数或与不定冠词一起使用的名词)

uncounted /ʌnˈkaʊntid/ adj.  1  not counted 未数过的，未计算过的 2  very many; innumerable 无数的，数不清的

uncount noun /ˈʌnkaʊnt/ n. Gram. 【语法】  = UNCOUNTABLE NOUN 

uncouple /ʌnˈkʌp(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  unfasten, disconnect, detach 解开，松开；使脱钩；分开 2  release (wagons) from couplings 卸下(货车的)挂钩 3  release (dogs etc.) from being fastened in couples 松开或解开(狗等的)套索 □ uncoupled  adj.  

uncourtly /ʌnˈkɔ:tli/ adj.  not courteous; ill-mannered 粗鲁的，无礼的；不典雅的

uncouth /ʌnˈku:θ/ adj.  1 (of a person, manners, appearance, etc.) lacking in ease and polish; uncultured, rough (指人、行为、容貌等)无教养的；不雅的；粗野的；粗鲁的；难听的  uncouth voices  难听的声音 behaviour was uncouth  行为粗野 2 archaic  not known; desolate; wild; uncivilized [古义]无人知道的；荒凉的；人迹罕至的；野蛮的；未开化的  an uncouth place  荒野之地 □ uncouthly  adv.  □ uncouthness  n.   [Old English uncūth ‘unknown’ (as UN-1 + cūth, past part. of cunnan ‘know, CAN1’)]

uncovenanted /ʌnˈkʌv(ə)nəntid/ adj.  1  not bound by a covenant 不受盟约约束的，不受条约约束的 2  not promised by or based on a covenant, esp. God's covenant (尤指上帝与人订立的)盟约中未规定(认可、保证)的

uncover /ʌnˈkʌvə/ v.  1 tr.  a  remove a cover or covering from 揭开…的盖子；移去…的覆盖物b  make known; disclose 揭示；揭露；暴露  uncovered the truth at last  最终发现了真理 2 intr. archaic  remove one's hat, cap, etc. [古义]脱下帽子等 3 tr. (as 作 uncovered adj.)  a  not covered by a roof, clothing, etc. 未遮盖的；无遮盖物的；无屋顶的；赤裸的，衣不遮体的；无盖的；无掩护的b  not wearing a hat 未戴帽子的，光着头的

uncreate /ʌnkri:ˈeit/ v. tr. literary  annihilate [文学用语]灭绝，使不存在；歼灭；消灭

uncreated /ʌnkri:ˈeitid/ adj.  existing without having been created; not created 自存的，永恒的；非创造的 [UN-1 + obsolete create from Latin creatus, past part. of creare: see CREATE]

uncreative /ʌnkri:ˈeitiv/ adj.  not creative 缺乏创造性的，枯燥无味的

uncredited /ʌnˈkreditid/ adj.  not acknowledged as the author, actor, etc. 未注明出处(作者)的；未(在片头或片尾)打出(演员等)名字的

uncritical /ʌnˈkritik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not critical; complacently accepting 不挑剔的；不作批评的，不加批判的；无批评力的；不加鉴别的；欣然接受的 2  not in accordance with the principles of criticism 不符合批评原则的，批评不当的 □ uncritically  adv.  

uncropped /ʌnˈkrɒpt/ adj.  not cropped 未采摘的，未收割的；未修剪的；未剪短的；未种植的，未耕作的

uncross /ʌnˈkrɒs/ v. tr.  1  remove (the limbs, knives, etc.) from a crossed position 放下交叉着的(两腿、双臂、刀等)，使不交叉 2 (as 作 uncrossed adj.)  a Brit. (of a cheque) not crossed [英] (指支票)未划线的；未划掉的，未勾销的b  not thwarted or challenged 未遭反对的，未受挫折的c  not wearing a cross 未戴十字架的

uncrowded /ʌnˈkraʊdid/ adj.  not filled or likely to fill with crowds 不拥挤的；宽敞的

uncrown /ʌnˈkraʊn/ v. tr.  1  deprive (a monarch etc.) of a crown 夺去(君主等的)王冠；废黜 2  deprive (a person) of a position 罢免(某人的)官职 3 (as 作 uncrowned adj.)  a  not crowned 未戴王冠的；未行加冕礼的b  having the status but not the name of 无君王称号但有王权的；无冕的  the uncrowned king of boxing  无冕拳王

uncrushable /ʌnˈkrʌʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  not crushable 压不碎的；压不垮的；揉不皱的

uncrushed /ʌnˈkrʌʃt/ adj.  not crushed 未压碎的；未压垮的；未揉皱的

UNCSTD abbr.  United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development [缩略]联合国科技发展会议

UNCTAD /ˈʌŋ(k)tæd/ abbr.  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [缩略]联合国贸易与发展会议

unction /ˈʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  the act of anointing with oil etc. as a religious rite (指宗教仪式)敷擦圣油礼，涂油礼b  the oil etc. so used 圣油 2  a  soothing words or thought 使人宽慰的话或想法b  excessive or insincere flattery 甜言蜜语；油腔滑调 3  a  the act of anointing for medical purposes (指为治疗目的)涂油b  an ointment so used 油；油膏；软膏 4  a  a fervent or sympathetic quality in words or tone caused by or causing deep emotion (指话语或语调中表现出激情或同情的)热忱，热心b  a pretence of this 虚情假意 [Middle English from Latin unctio, from ung(u)ere unct- ‘anoint’]

unctuous /ˈʌŋ(k)tjʊəs/ adj.  1 (of behaviour, speech, etc.) unpleasantly flattering; oily (指行为、话语等)奉承人的；虚情假意的；甜言蜜语的；油腔滑调的 2 (esp. of minerals) having a greasy or soapy feel; oily (尤指矿物)油性的，油质的 □ unctuously  adv.  □ unctuousness  n.   [Middle English via medieval Latin unctuosus from Latin unctus ‘anointing’ (as UNCTION)]

unculled /ʌnˈkʌld/ adj.  not culled 未收集的；未采集的；未挑选的

uncultivated /ʌnˈkʌltiveitid/ adj. (esp. of land) not cultivated (尤指土地)未经耕作的；未开垦的

uncultured /ʌnˈkʌltʃəd/ adj.  1  not cultured, unrefined 没有文化的；无教养的；落后的 2 (of soil or plants) not cultivated (指土壤)未耕种的；(指植物)非栽培的

uncurb /ʌnˈkɜ:b/ v. tr.  remove a curb or curbs from 替(马)松开马嚼子；不再压抑(情感等) □ uncurbed  adj.  

uncured /ʌnˈkjʊəd/ adj.  1  not cured 未治愈的 2 (of pork etc.) not salted or smoked (指猪肉等)未经盐腌或熏制的

uncurl /ʌnˈkɜ:l/ v. intr. & tr.  relax from a curled position, untwist 使变直，弄直，使伸直；(指把卷起的东西)展开

uncurtailed /ʌnkəˈteild/ adj.  not curtailed 未截短的；未削减的；未被剥夺权利的

uncurtained /ʌnˈkɜ:t(ə)nd/ adj.  not curtained 没有装幕布(窗帘、门帘)的

uncut /ʌnˈkʌt/ adj.  1  not cut 未切的；未割的；未修剪的 2 (of a book) with the pages not cut open or with untrimmed margins (指书)边未切齐的，毛边的；书页未切开的 3 (of a book, film, etc.) complete; uncensored (指书、电影等)未删节的，未剪短的；未剪辑的；未削减的；完整的；未经审查的 4 (of a stone, esp. a diamond) not shaped by cutting (指宝石，尤指钻石)未雕琢的；未雕刻的 5 (of fabric) having its pile-loops intact (指织物)毛圈的；未剪毛圈的  uncut moquette  有毛圈的绒头织物

undamaged /ʌnˈdæmidʒd/ adj.  not damaged; intact 未损坏的；未毁坏的；完好无损的

undated /ʌnˈdeitid/ adj.  not provided or marked with a date 无日期的；未注日期的；出版年代不详的；日期不定的

undaunted /ʌnˈdɔ:ntid/ adj.  not daunted 无畏的，大胆的，勇敢的 □ undauntedly  adv.  □ undauntedness  n.  

undead /ʌnˈded/ adj. & n. ●adj. (esp. of a vampire etc. in fiction) technically dead but still animate (尤指小说中的吸血鬼等虽然严格讲来已死但仍然)未死的；活着的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  those who are undead 活着的人们

undecagon /ʌnˈdekəɡ(ə)n/ n.  = HENDECAGON  [Latin undecim ‘eleven’, on the pattern of decagon]

undeceive /ʌndiˈsi:v/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  free (a person) from a misconception, deception, or error 使(人)明白真情；使(人)醒悟；使(人)不受欺骗，使(人)不受蒙蔽；使(人)不犯错误

undecidable /ʌndiˈsaidəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be established or refuted; uncertain 不可判定的；不可确定的 □ undecidability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  不可判定性

undecided /ʌndiˈsaidid/ adj.  1  not settled or certain 未决的；未定的  the question is undecided  问题仍未解决 2  hesitating; irresolute 犹豫不决的，优柔寡断的  undecided about their relative merits  无法断定他们的优缺点 □ undecidedly  adv.  

undecipherable /ʌndiˈsaif(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  not decipherable 不可破译的；难辨认的，模糊的；难懂的

undeclared /ʌndiˈklɛəd/ adj.  not declared 未宣布的；不公开的，非公然的；未向海关申报的

undecorated /ʌnˈdekəreitid/ adj.  1  not adorned; plain 未加装饰的；简朴的 2  not honoured with an award 未授勋的；未奖赏的

undefeated /ʌndiˈfi:tid/ adj.  not defeated 未被击败的，未被打败的，未被战胜的

undefended /ʌndiˈfendid/ adj. (esp. of a lawsuit) not defended (尤指诉讼)无辩护(人)的

undefiled /ʌndiˈfaild/ adj.  not defiled; pure 未弄脏的，未污损的；纯洁的；纯正的

undefined /ʌndiˈfaind/ adj.  1  not defined 未下定义的；未阐明的；未作解释的 2  not clearly marked; vague, indefinite 不标明的；模糊的，不明确的 □ undefinable  adj.  □ undefinably  adv.  

undelivered /ʌndiˈlivəd/ adj.  1  not delivered or handed over 未送达的，未送交的，未投递的 2  not set free or released 未被释放的；未得解放的 3  a (of a pregnant woman) not yet having given birth (指孕妇)未分娩的b (of a child) not yet born (指孩子)未出生的

undemanding /ʌndiˈmɑ:ndiŋ/ adj.  not demanding; easily satisfied 要求不高的，不苛求的；不严格的；易满足的

undemocratic /ˌʌndeməˈkrætik/ adj.  not democratic 不民主的；不符合民主原则的 □ undemocratically  adv.  

undemonstrated /ʌnˈdemənstreitid/ adj.  not demonstrated 未论证的；未证实的

undemonstrative /ʌndiˈmɒnstrətiv/ adj.  not expressing feelings etc. outwardly; reserved 含蓄的，(感情等)不外露的；拘谨缄默的，矜持寡言的 □ undemonstratively  adv.  □ undemonstrativeness  n.  

undeniable /ʌndiˈnaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to be denied or disputed; certain 不可否认的；无可争辩的；确凿无疑的 2  excellent 优秀的；无懈可击的，无可指摘的  was of undeniable character  具有优秀的品质 □ undeniably  adv.  

undenied /ʌndiˈnaid/ adj.  not denied 未否认的；未拒绝的

undented /ʌnˈdentid/ adj.  1 (of a surface) not dented (指表面)未凹进的，未凹下的；没有凹痕的 2 (foll. by 后跟 by)  not affected 未受影响的；未受损害的

undependable /ʌndiˈpendəb(ə)l/ adj.  not to be depended upon; unreliable 不可靠的，靠不住的；不可信赖的

under /ˈʌndə/ prep., adv. & adj. ●prep.  1  a  in or to a position lower than; below; beneath 在…下面；在…下方；在…底下；往…下面  fell under the table  掉到桌子下面 under the left eye  左眼下方b  within, on the inside of (a surface etc.) 在…里面；在(平面等的)里面；往…里面  wore a vest under his shirt  他在衬衣里面穿着件背心 2  a  inferior to; less than 次于；低于；小于；少于；在…以下  a captain is under a major  上尉的级别比少校低 is under 18  不到(满)18 岁b  at or for a lower cost than (价值)低于；少于；不到  was under £ 20  不到 20 英镑 3  a  subject or liable to; controlled or bound by 受制于；承受着；在…(控制)之下  lives under oppression  生活在压迫之中 under pain of death  承受着死亡的痛苦 born under Saturn  命星是土星 the country prospered under him  在他的统治下国家繁荣昌盛b  undergoing 在…中；在…期间  is under repair  正在修理c  classified or subsumed in 属于；在…分类中  that book goes under biology  那本书属于生物学类书籍 goes under many names  有多个名称(叫法) 4  at the foot of or sheltered by 在…脚下(被…遮蔽着)  hid under the wall  藏在墙底下 under the cliff  在悬崖下 5  planted with (a crop) 种植着(农作物) 6  powered by (sail, steam, etc.) 在(风帆、蒸汽等的)推动下 7  following (another player in a card game) (指牌局中)跟在(另一个牌手)之后 8 archaic  attested by (esp. 尤用于 under one's hand and seal = signature 经某人签名盖章) [古义]由…证明 ●adv.  1  in or to a lower position or condition 在下面；在下方；在底下；往(或经)下面  kept him under  把他按在下面 2 colloq.  in or into a state of unconsciousness [口]无知觉地  put him under for the operation  手术前先将他麻醉 ●adj. lower 下面的；下方的；底下的；朝下的  the under jaw  下颌 □ under one's arm   see 见 ARM1 □ under arms   see 见 ARM2 □ under one's belt   see 见 BELT □ under one's breath   see 见 BREATH □ under canvas   see 见 CANVAS □ under a cloud   see 见 CLOUD □ under control   see 见 CONTROL □ under the counter   see 见 COUNTER1 □ under cover   under a roof or other shelter (see also 另见 COVER n. 4) 在(屋顶或其他遮盖物)下□ under fire   see 见 FIRE □ under foot   see 见 FOOT □ under hatches   see 见 HATCH1 □ under a person's nose   see 见 NOSE □ under the rose   see 见 ROSE1 □ under separate cover   in another envelope 在另函(包)内□ under the sun   anywhere in the world 天底下；人间；世界上□ under water   in and covered by water 在水下；被淹没□ under way   in motion; in progress 在进行中，正在进行；在前进中□ under the weather   see 见 WEATHER □ undermost  adj.  最下面的，最低的 [Old English from Germanic]

under- /ˈʌndə/ prefix in senses of UNDER 用于 UNDER 的各释义 :  1  below, beneath (undercarriage 机脚；底架；起落架；底盘 ; underground 地下的；地铁) 在…下面，在…之下；置于…之下 2  lower in status; subordinate (under-secretary 次长，副国务卿) (指地位)低于；次于；从属；副 3  insufficiently, incompletely (undercook 未煮熟，夹生 ; underdeveloped 不发达的，落后的；发育不全的) 不足 [Old English (as UNDER)]

underachieve /ʌndərəˈtʃi:v/ v. intr.  do less well than might normally be expected (esp. scholastically) (尤指学业上)成绩不良；未能取得理想的成绩 □ underachievement  n.  □ underachiever  n.  

underact /ʌndərˈækt/ v.  1 tr.  act (a part etc.) with insufficient force 表演(角色等)不充分，未尽力地表演(角色等) 2 intr.  act a part in this way 未充分地表演，未尽力地表演

under age adj. (usu. hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时通常加连字符)  not old enough, esp. not yet of adult status 未达到年龄的；(尤指)未成年的

underarm /ˈʌndərɑ:m/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1 Sport, esp. Cricket  with the arm below shoulder level 【运动】(尤)【板球】低手的(即胳膊低于肩膀) 2  under the arm 手臂内侧的 3  in the armpit 腋下的 ●n.  the armpit 腋窝

underbelly /ˈʌndəbeli/ n. (pl. -ies)  the undersurface of an animal, vehicle, etc., esp. as an area vulnerable to attack (指动物、汽车等的)下腹部；薄弱部分，弱点，易受攻击的地方

underbid v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈbid/ (-bidding; past and past part. -bid)  1  make a lower bid than (a person) 出价低于(他人) 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]) Bridge  etc. bid less on (one's hand) than its strength warrants 【桥牌】叫牌过低，叫牌低于实力 ●n. /ˈʌndəbid/  1  such a bid 过低的出价；低于实力的叫牌 2  the act or an instance of underbidding 出价过低(的情况)；叫牌低于实力(的情况)

underbidder /ʌndəˈbidə/ n.  1  the person who makes the bid next below the highest 出价过低者 2 Bridge  etc. a player who underbids 【桥牌】叫牌过低者，叫牌低于实力者

underbody /ˈʌndəbɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the undersurface of the body of an animal, vehicle, etc. (指动物、汽车等的)下腹部

underbred /ʌndəˈbred/ adj.  1  ill-bred, vulgar 教养不良的，粗鲁的，粗俗的 2  not of pure breeding 非纯种的，劣种的

underbrush /ˈʌndəbrʌʃ/ n. N. Amer.  undergrowth in a forest [北美]林中灌木丛，下层灌木丛

undercapitalize /ʌndəˈkæpit(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (esp. as 尤作 undercapitalized adj.)  provide (a business etc.) with insufficient capital to achieve a desired result 对(企业等)投资不足

undercarriage /ˈʌndəkæridʒ/ n.  1  a wheeled structure beneath an aircraft, usu. retracted when not in use, to receive the impact on landing and support the aircraft on the ground etc. (指飞机的)起落架(在飞机下部，不用时收回，降落时伸出接受产生的冲击并在停机坪上作为整个机身的支架) 2  the supporting frame of a vehicle (指汽车的)底盘

undercart /ˈʌndəkɑ:t/ n. Brit. colloq.  the undercarriage of an aircraft [英口] (指飞机的)起落架

undercharge /ʌndəˈtʃɑ:dʒ/ v. tr.  1  charge (a person) too little 对(某人)要价过低，对(某人)收费过低 2  give less than the proper charge to (a gun, an electric battery, etc.) 未给(枪等)装足弹药；未给(电池等)充足电，充电不足

underclass /ˈʌndəklɑ:s/ n.  a subordinate social class 下层社会；下层阶级

underclay /ˈʌndəklei/ n.  a clay bed under a coal-seam (指煤层下的)底黏土层

undercliff /ˈʌndəklif/ n.  a terrace or lower cliff formed by a landslip (指由于山崩塌方形成的)滑动崖脚坡，下崖坡

underclothes /ˈʌndəkləʊðz, -kləʊz/ n. pl.  clothes worn under others, esp. next to the skin (尤指贴身穿的)衬衣，内衣

underclothing /ˈʌndəkləʊðiŋ/ n.  underclothes collectively 内衣(总称)

undercoat /ˈʌndəkəʊt/ n.  1  a  a preliminary layer of paint under the finishing coat 内涂层，底涂层b  the paint used for this 底漆 2  an animal's under layer of hair or down (指动物的)下层绒毛 3  a coat worn under another (指穿在外衣内的)上衣 □ undercoating  n.  底漆；内涂层，底涂层；上底漆

undercook /ʌndəˈkʊk/ v. tr.  cook insufficiently 夹生；煮得不太熟；欠火候

undercover /ʌndəˈkʌvə, ˈʌndə-/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  surreptitious 暗中的，秘密的，偷偷摸摸的 2  engaged in spying, esp. by working with or among those to be observed 从事间谍工作的(尤指混在被监视者中)；作卧底的  undercover agent  密探

undercroft /ˈʌndəkrɒft/ n.  a crypt 地下室；地窖 [Middle English from UNDER- + croft ‘crypt’, via Middle Dutch crofte ‘cave’ from medieval Latin crupta, Latin crypta: see CRYPT]

undercurrent /ˈʌndəkʌr(ə)nt/ n.  1  a current below the surface 潜流，底流，暗流 2  an underlying often contrary feeling, activity, or influence 潜流，暗流(指潜伏着的常常与主流相反的情感、活动或影响)  an undercurrent of protest  抗议的潜流

undercut v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈkʌt/ (-cutting; past and past part. -cut)  1  sell or work at a lower price or lower wages than 以低于…的价码出售或工作 2 Golf  etc. strike (a ball) so as to make it rise high 【高尔夫球】下旋削(球) 3  a  cut away the part below or under (a thing) 切除(某物的)下部；从下切割，底切；潜挖b  cut away material to show (a carved design etc.) in relief 凸雕，浮雕 4  render unstable or less firm, undermine 削弱；暗中破坏 ●n. /ˈʌndəkʌt/  1 Brit.  the underside of a sirloin [英]牛腰部软肉；牛里脊 2 US  a notch cut in a tree trunk to guide its fall when felled [美]坎口，反锯口，逆锯口 3  any space formed by the removal or absence of material from the lower part of something 下口，下楂

underdeveloped /ʌndədiˈveləpt/ adj.  1  not fully developed; immature 发育不全的，不成熟的 2 (of a country etc.) below its potential economic level (指国家等)经济未充分发展的；经济不发达的，落后的 3 Photog.  not developed sufficiently to give a normal image 【摄】显影不足的 □ underdevelopment  n.  

underdog /ˈʌndədɒɡ/ n.  1  a competitor thought to have little chance of winning a fight or contest (指在战斗或竞争中)处于劣势的人，失败者 2  a downtrodden person 受害者；被压迫者

underdone /ʌndəˈdʌn, ˈʌndə-/ adj.  1  not thoroughly done 未充分做好的，未彻底做好的 2 (of food) lightly or insufficiently cooked (指食物)未煮(烤、煎)透的；煮(烤、煎)得嫩的；半生不熟的；夹生的

underdrawing /ˈʌndədrɔ:(r)iŋ/ n.  a preliminary sketch, subsequently covered with layers of paint (指油画的)初步轮廓

underdress /ʌndəˈdres/ v. tr. & intr.  dress too plainly or too lightly (使)穿得过分简朴；(使)穿得太单薄

undereducated /ʌndərˈedjʊkeitid/ adj.  poorly educated; with insufficient literacy skills 未受充分教育的；未受良好教育的

underemphasis /ʌndərˈemfəsis/ n. (pl. -emphases /-si:z/)  an insufficient degree of emphasis 强调不够；重视不够 □ underemphasize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

underemployed /ʌndərimˈplɔid/ adj.  not fully employed 就业不足的，未充分就业的 □ underemployment  n.  

underestimate v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndərˈestimeit/  form too low an estimate of 低估，对…估计不足；对…估价过低 ●n. /ʌndərˈestimət/  an estimate that is too low 估价过低；估计不足 □ underestimation  /-ˈmeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

underexpose /ʌndərikˈspəʊz, -rek-/ v. tr. Photog.  expose (film) for too short a time or with insufficient light 【摄】使(底片)曝光不足 □ underexposure  n.  

underfed /ʌndəˈfed/ adj.  insufficiently fed 未喂饱的，吃不饱的；营养不够的

underfelt /ˈʌndəfelt/ n.  felt for laying under a carpet 地毯垫毡

under-fives /ʌndəˈfaivz/ n. pl.  children who are less than five years old 5 岁以下的儿童

underfloor /ˈʌndəflɔ:/ attrib. adj.  situated or operating beneath the floor 在地板下的  underfloor heating  地板下的暖气装置

underflow /ˈʌndəfləʊ/ n.  an undercurrent 潜流，底流

underfoot /ʌndəˈfʊt/ adv.  1  under one's feet 在脚下 2  on the ground 在地上 3  in a state of subjection 受压迫地；被践踏地；卑下地 4  so as to obstruct or inconvenience 碍事地；挡道地；碍手碍脚地

underframe /ˈʌndəfreim/ n.  1  the substructure of a motor vehicle or railway carriage (指汽车或火车车厢的)底架 2  the supporting frame of a chair seat or table top (指椅面或桌面的)支架

underfund /ʌndəˈfʌnd/ v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 underfunded adj.)  provide insufficient funding for 对…提供资金不足 □ underfunding  n.  

underfur /ˈʌndəfɜ:/ n.  an inner layer of short fur or down underlying an animal's outer fur (指动物的)下层绒毛

undergarment /ˈʌndəɡɑ:m(ə)nt/ n.  a piece of underclothing 内衣，衬衣

undergird /ʌndəˈɡɜ:d/ v. tr.  1  make secure underneath 在底部加固；从底层支撑 2  strengthen, support 加强；支持

underglaze /ˈʌndəɡleiz/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of painting on porcelain etc.) done before the glaze is applied (指瓷器等上面的图画)涂釉前画的 2 (of colours) used in such painting (指颜色)釉底的，釉下的 ●n.  underglaze painting 釉下彩

undergo /ʌndəˈɡəʊ/ v. tr. (3rd sing. present -goes /-ˈɡəʊz/; past -went /-ˈwent/; past part. -gone /-ˈɡɒn/)  be subjected to; suffer; endure 经历；经受；遭受；忍受 [Old English undergɑˉn (as UNDER-, GO1)]

undergrad /ʌndəˈɡræd/ n. colloq. [口]  = UNDERGRADUATE  [abbreviation]

undergraduate /ʌndəˈɡrædjʊət/ n.  a student at a university who has not yet taken a first degree (尚未获得学士学位的)大学生，在校大学生

underground adv., adj., n. & v. ●adv. /ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/  1  beneath the surface of the ground 在地(面)下 2  in or into secrecy or hiding 秘密地，不公开地；在地下 ●adj. /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/  1  situated underground 地(面)下的 2  secret, hidden, esp. working secretly to subvert a ruling power 秘密的，不公开的，地下的(尤指为推翻统治阶级而进行地下活动) 3  unconventional, experimental 反传统的；不落俗套的，与众不同的；实验(性)的  underground press  不落俗套的新闻界 ●n. /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/  1 Brit.  an underground railway [英]地下铁路，地铁 2  a secret group or activity, esp. aiming to subvert the established order (尤指旨在破坏现行秩序的)地下组织；地下活动 ●v. tr. /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/  lay (cables) below ground level 把(电缆)铺设在地下

undergrowth /ˈʌndəɡrəʊθ/ n.  a dense growth of shrubs etc., esp. under large trees (尤指大树下的)灌木丛

underhand adj. & adv. ●adj. /ˈʌndəhænd/  1  secret, clandestine, not above board 偷偷摸摸的，秘密的，不公开的 2  deceptive, crafty 欺骗性的；狡诈的 3 Sport, esp. Baseball  underarm 【运动】(尤)【棒球】低手的，手不过肩的 ●adv. /ʌndəˈhænd/  in an underhand manner 偷偷摸摸地，秘密地，不公开地；欺骗性地；狡诈地；手不过肩地 [Old English (as UNDER-, HAND)]

underhanded /ʌndəˈhændid/ adj. & adv.  = UNDERHAND 

underhung /ˈʌndəhʌŋ, ʌndəˈhʌŋ/ adj.  1 (of the lower jaw) projecting beyond the upper jaw (指下颌)比上颌突出的 2  having an underhung jaw 有突下颌的

underlay1 v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈlei/ (past and past part. -laid)  lay something under (a thing) to support or raise it 把一物置于(另一物)之下，从下支撑(或垫起)  underlaid the tiles with felt  用毡把瓷砖垫起来 ●n. /ˈʌndəlei/  a thing laid under another, esp. material laid under a carpet or mattress as protection or support 放(垫)在下面的东西；衬垫物；(尤指放在地毯或床垫下起保护或支撑作用的)地毯衬，床垫衬 [Old English underlecgan (as UNDER-, LAY1)]■Usage 用法说明 Care should be taken not to confuse underlay, a somewhat rare verb, with underlie. See also Usage Note at LAY1. 应该注意：不要把 underlay 这个不太常用的动词和 underlie 搞混淆了。另见 LAY1 的用法说明。 

underlay2 past  of UNDERLIE  

underlease /ˈʌndəli:s/ n. & v. tr.  = SUB-LEASE 

underlet /ʌndəˈlet/ v. tr. (-letting; past and past part. -let)  1  sub-let 转租，分租 2  let at less than the true value 廉价出租

underlie /ʌndəˈlai/ v. tr. (-lying; past -lay; past part. -lain)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  lie or be situated under (a stratum etc.) 位于(某地层等)之下；置于…之下 2 (also absol. [亦含宾]) (esp. as 尤作 underlying adj.) (of a principle, reason, etc.) be the basis of (a doctrine, law, conduct, etc.) (指原则、理由等)构成(某学说、法律、行为等的)基础；支持 3  exist beneath the superficial aspect of 潜存于…之下 [Old English underlicgan (as UNDER-, LIE1)]

underline v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈlain/  1  draw a line under (a word etc.) to give emphasis or draw attention or indicate italic or other special type 在(词等)下面划线；加下划线(以表示强调，或引起注意，或指明斜体或其他特殊字体) 2  emphasize, stress 强调；加强；表明…的重要性 ●n. /ˈʌndəlain/  1  a line drawn under a word etc. 下划线 2  a caption below an illustration (指插图下面的)说明文字

underlinen /ˈʌndəlinin/ n.  underclothes esp. of linen (尤指用亚麻做的)衬衣，内衣

underling /ˈʌndəliŋ/ n. usu. derog.  a subordinate [通常贬]走卒；下手，下属

underlip /ˈʌndəlip/ n.  the lower lip of a person, animal, or insect. (指人、动物、昆虫的)下唇

underlying pres. part.  of UNDERLIE  

undermanned /ʌndəˈmænd/ adj.  having too few people as crew or staff 人员不足的，人手不够的，缺员的

undermentioned /ʌndəˈmenʃ(ə)nd, ˈʌndə-/ adj. Brit.  mentioned at a later place in a book etc. [英] (书中等)下面提到的；下述的

undermine /ʌndəˈmain/ v. tr.  1  injure (a person, reputation, influence, etc.) by secret or insidious means 暗中损害(某人)；暗中破坏(声誉等)；暗中削弱(势力等) 2  weaken, injure, or wear out (health etc.) imperceptibly or insidiously (指不易察觉或暗暗地)损害(健康等)，使(身体等)慢慢虚弱 3  wear away the base or foundation of 侵蚀…的根基或基础  rivers undermine their banks  河水冲刷着河岸 4  make a mine or excavation under 在…下面挖矿(或洞) □ underminer  n.  □ underminingly  adv.   [Middle English, from UNDER- + MINE2]

underneath /ʌndəˈni:θ/ prep., adv., n. & adj. ●prep.  1  at or to a lower place than, below 在…下面，在…底下；向…下面 2  on the inside of, within 在…里面 ●adv.  1  at or to a lower place 在下面，在底下；向下 2  inside 在里面 ●n.  the lower surface or part. 下面；下部 ●adj.  lower 下面的 [Old English underneothan (as UNDER + neothan: cf. BENEATH)]

undernourished /ʌndəˈnʌriʃt/ adj.  insufficiently nourished 营养不足(良)的 □ undernourishment  n.  

under-occupancy /ʌndərˈɒkjʊp(ə)nsi/ n. (作 attrib.) (of a surcharge) imposed on holiday accommodation if it is not occupied to the advertised capacity (指对居住不足的假日住房课征的)居住不足(附加费)

underpaid past and past part.  of UNDERPAY 

underpainting /ˈʌndəpeintiŋ/ n. Art 【艺术】  1  a layer of paint subsequently overlaid with another or with a finishing coat 底层色，画底色 2  the application of such a layer 底层色应用

underpants /ˈʌndəpæn(t)s/ n. pl.  an undergarment, esp. men's, covering the lower part of the body and usu. part of the legs (尤指男性的)内裤，衬裤

underpart /ˈʌndəpɑ:t/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a lower part, esp. a part of the underside of an animal (尤指动物的)下部 2  a subordinate part in a play etc. (指剧本等中的)次要角色，配角；从属地位

underpass /ˈʌndəpɑ:s/ n.  1  a road etc. passing under another 高架桥下道路(或通道)；地下通道 2  a crossing of this form 下穿交叉道

underpay /ʌndəˈpei/ v. tr. (past and past part. -paid)  pay too little to (a person) or for (a thing) 付给(某人)过低报酬；(指对某物)过少支付 □ underpayment  n.  

underperform /ʌndəpəˈfɔ:m/ v.  1 intr.  perform less well or be less profitable than expected 表现欠佳；收益(较预期)欠佳 2 tr.  perform less well or be less profitable than 表现不如…；收益不如… □ underperformance  n.  

underpin /ʌndəˈpin/ v. tr. (-pinned, -pinning)  1  support from below with masonry etc. (用砌砖等)从下面支撑 2  support, strengthen 支持；巩固

underplant /ʌndəˈplɑ:nt/ v. tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  plant or cultivate the ground about (a tall plant) with smaller ones 在(高大植物)下栽植矮小植物

underplay /ʌndəˈplei/ v.  1 tr.  play down the importance of 对…轻描淡写；贬低…的重要性 2 intr. & tr. Theatr. 【戏】  a  perform with deliberate restraint 有意有节制地表演b  underact 表演不充分

underplot /ˈʌndəplɒt/ n.  a subordinate plot in a play etc. (指剧本等中的)次要情节

underpopulated /ʌndəˈpɒpjʊleitid/ adj.  having an insufficient or very small population 人口不足的，人口稀少的

underpowered /ʌndəˈpaʊəd/ adj.  1  lacking full electrical, mechanical, etc. power; lacking sufficient amplification 电力(动力等)不足的；放大率不足的 2  with insufficient authority 没有足够权力的

under-prepared /ʌndəpriˈpɛəd/ adj.  insufficiently prepared 准备不足的，准备不充分的

underprice /ʌndəˈprais/ v. tr.  price lower than what is usual or appropriate 给…定低价；使定价过低

underprivileged /ʌndəˈprivilidʒd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  less privileged than others 享有的权利比他人少的 2  not enjoying the normal standard of living or rights in a society 未享受到正常生活水平的，生活水平低下的，贫困的；未享受到正常社会权利的，社会地位低下的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  underprivileged people 社会地位低下的人们；贫困阶层

underproduction /ʌndəprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.  production of less than is usual or required 生产不足，减产；生产供不应求

underproof /ˈʌndəpru:f/ adj.  containing less alcohol than proof spirit does 酒精含量低于标准烈度酒的

underprop /ʌndəˈprɒp/ v. tr. (-propped, -propping)  1  support with a prop 用支柱支撑 2  support, sustain 支持；维持

underquote /ʌndəˈkwəʊt/ v. tr.  1  quote a lower price than (a person) 开价比(某人)低 2  quote a lower price than others for (goods etc.) (指对货物等)开价低于别人

underrate /ʌndəˈreit/ v. tr.  have too low an opinion of 对…估计过低；过低评价；低估

under-read /ʌndəˈri:d/ v. (past and past part. -read /-ˈred/)  1 intr. (of a gauge etc.) show a reading lower than the true one (指仪表等)显示读数低于真正读数 2 tr. (of the reading public) read (an author, a book, etc.) with less than normal frequency (指读者)对(某作家、作品等)阅读不够

under-rehearsed /ʌndəriˈhɜ:st/ adj. (esp. of a performance) insufficiently rehearsed (尤指节目)排练不够的

under-report /ʌndəriˈpɔ:t/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 under-reported adj.)  fail to report (news, data, etc.) fully (指对新闻、资料等)未充分报道

under-represent /ˌʌndərepriˈzent/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 under-represented adj.)  not include (a social group, specimen, type, etc.) in sufficient numbers (指某一社会群体、标本、类型等)代表数量不足

underscore v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈskɔ:/  = UNDERLINEv.  ●n. /ˈʌndəskɔ:/  = UNDERLINEn. 1 

undersea /ˈʌndəsi:/ adj.  below the sea or the surface of the sea, submarine 水下的，海面下的，海底的

underseal /ˈʌndəsi:l/ v. & n. Brit. [英] ●v. tr.  seal the underpart of (esp. a motor vehicle against rust etc.) (尤指为防生锈等)密封(汽车的)下部，底封 ●n.  a protective coating for undersealing 底封用防护性涂料

under-secretary /ʌndəˈsekrət(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a subordinate official, esp. Brit. a junior minister or senior civil servant or US the principal assistant to a member of the Cabinet 政府部门的副职；[尤英]副大臣；次官；[尤美]副部长；副国务卿

undersell /ʌndəˈsel/ v. tr. (past and past part. -sold)  1  sell at a lower price than (another seller) 以低于(另一销售商的)价格出售 2  sell at less than the true value 廉价出售；亏本出售

underset v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈset/ (-setting; past and past part. -set)  place something under (a thing) 把某物置于(一物的)下方；从下面支撑 ●n. /ˈʌndəset/ Naut.  an undercurrent 【海】潜流

undersexed /ʌndəˈsekst/ adj.  having unusually weak sexual desires 性冷淡的

under-sheriff /ˈʌndəʃerif/ n.  a deputy sheriff 代理县治安官

undershirt /ˈʌndəʃɜ:t/ n. esp. N. Amer.  an undergarment worn under a shirt; a vest [尤北美]贴身内衣；汗衫，背心

undershoot v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈʃu:t/ (past and past part. -shot)  1 (of an aircraft) land short of (a runway etc.) (指飞机)着陆未达(跑道等) 2  shoot short of or below 脱靶；射击低于目标 ●n. /ˈʌndəʃu:t/  the act or an instance of undershooting (指飞机)未达跑道着陆的情况；脱靶

undershorts /ˈʌndəʃɔ:ts/ n. US  short underpants; trunks [美]短衬裤；运动短裤

undershot /ˈʌndəʃɒt/ adj.  1 (of a waterwheel) turned by water flowing under it (指水车)下射式的(由下部水流驱动的) 2  = UNDERHUNG 

undershrub /ˈʌndəʃrʌb/ n.  = SUBSHRUB 

underside /ˈʌndəsaid/ n.  the lower or under side or surface 下面；下侧；底部

undersigned /ʌndəˈsaind, ˈʌndə-/ adj.  whose signature is appended 已在下面(或末尾)签过名的  we, the undersigned, wish to state ...  我们，本文件的署名人，希望陈述…

undersized /ʌndəˈsaizd, ˈʌndə-/ adj. (also 亦作 undersize)  of less than the usual size 比一般尺寸小的，小尺寸的

underskirt /ˈʌndəskɜ:t/ n.  a skirt worn under another; a petticoat 衬裙

underslung /ʌndəˈslʌŋ/ adj.  1  supported from above 下悬式的 2 (of a vehicle chassis) hanging lower than the axles (指机动车底盘)下置车架的

undersold past and past part.  of UNDERSELL. 

undersow /ʌndəˈsəʊ/ v. tr. (past part. -sown)  1  sow (a later-growing crop) on land already seeded with another crop (指在已播种另一种作物的土地上)套种(晚栽作物) 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  sow land already seeded with (a crop) with a later-growing crop (指将晚栽作物)套种(在已播种另一种作物的土地上)

underspend v. & n. ●v. /ʌndəˈspend/ (past and past part. -spent)  1 tr.  spend less than (a specified amount) 花费少于(规定的数额) 2 intr. & refl.  spend too little 花费过少 ●n. /ˈʌndəspend/  1  the act of underspending 花费少于预算；花费过少 2  an instance of this 花费少于预算的情况；花费过少的情况 3  the amount by which a specified amount is underspent (预算的)未用完数额

understaffed /ʌndəˈstɑ:ft/ adj.  having too few staff 人员配备不足的，人手不够的 □ understaffing  n.  

understairs /ˈʌndəstɛəz/ attrib. adj.  in the space below the staircase 楼下的

understand /ʌndəˈstænd/ v. (past and past part. -stood /-ˈstʊd/)  1 tr.  perceive the meaning of (words, a person, a language, etc.) 理解(文字等)；懂(某人的话等)；通晓(语言等)  does not understand what you say  听不懂你说的话 understood you perfectly  完全理解你的意思 cannot understand French  不懂法语 2 tr.  perceive the significance or explanation or cause of 明了；了解；领会  do not understand why he came  不清楚他的来意 could not understand what the noise was about  无法知道嘈杂声是怎么回事 do not understand the point of her remark  不明白她的讲话要点 3 tr.  be sympathetically aware of the character or nature of, know how to deal with 谅解；同情；意识到；认识到；理解；通晓  quite understand your difficulty  十分理解你的困难 cannot understand him at all  完全不理解他 could never understand algebra  对代数一窍不通 4 tr.  a (often foll. by 通常后跟 that + clause)  infer esp. from information received, take as implied, take for granted 以为；推断；猜想；认为…理所当然；视…不言而喻  I understand that it begins at noon  我想是中午开始吧 I understand him to be a distant relation  我猜他是个远房亲戚 am I to understand that you refuse?  看来你是拒绝了？b (absol. [含宾])  believe or assume from knowledge or inference 以为；认为  she is coming tomorrow, I understand  我认为她明天来 5 tr.  supply (a word) mentally 凭意会理解(省略的词)；省略(某个词)  the verb may be either expressed or understood  这个动词可用可不用 6 intr.  have understanding (in general or in particular) 理解(泛指或特指) □ understand each other   1  know each other's views or feelings 互相了解；互相理解 2  be in agreement or collusion 彼此意见一致□ understandable  adj.  □ understandability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ understandably  adv.  □ understander  n.   [Old English understandan (as UNDER-, STAND)]

understanding /ʌndəˈstændiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  the ability to understand or think; intelligence 理解力；思维能力；智力b  the power of apprehension; the power of abstract thought 洞察力；抽象思维能力 2  an individual's perception or judgement of a situation etc. 对某一情况等的认识、洞悉或判断 3  an agreement; a thing agreed upon, esp. informally 协定；(尤指非正式的)协议，谅解  had an understanding with the rival company  与对手公司达成协议 consented only on this understanding  仅在这种条件下才同意 4  harmony in opinion or feeling 相互理解；和睦，融洽  disturbed the good understanding between them  破坏了他们之间和睦融洽的关系 5  sympathetic awareness or tolerance 同情；谅解 ●adj.  1  having understanding or insight or good judgement 有理解力的；有洞察力的；判断力强的 2  sympathetic to others' feelings 能谅解的；宽容的；同情的；通情达理的 □ understandingly  adv.   [Old English (as UNDERSTAND)]

understate /ʌndəˈsteit/ v. tr.  1  express in greatly or unduly restrained terms 过分克制地陈述；轻描淡写地陈述；不充分如实地陈述 2  represent as being less than it actually is 少说，少报；打折扣地报道 □ understatement  /ʌndəˈsteitm(ə)nt, ˈʌndə-/ n.  □ understater  n.  

understeer /ˈʌndəstiə/ n. & v. ●n.  a tendency of a motor vehicle to turn less sharply than was intended (指汽车)转向不足的趋势 ●v. intr.  have such a tendency (指汽车)转向不足

understood past and past part.  of UNDERSTAND 

understorey /ˈʌndəstɔ:ri/ n. (pl. -eys) (also 亦作 understory, pl. -ies)  1  a layer of vegetation beneath the main canopy of a forest 下层植被 2  the plants forming this 下层林木

understrength /ʌndəˈstreŋθ, -ˈstreŋkθ/ adj.  with a depleted number of troops, players, etc. (指士兵、球员等)人员不足的；力量不足的

understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi/ n. & v. esp. Theatr. (尤)【戏】  ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person who studies another's role or duties in order to act at short notice in the absence of the other 预备演员，替角；替工，替补者 ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  study (a role etc.) as an understudy 演习(角色)以便当替角；熟悉(工种等)以便当替工 2  act as an understudy to (a person) 当(某人的)替角或当替工

undersubscribed /ʌndəsəbˈskraibd/ adj.  without sufficient subscribers, participants, etc. 订户(用户、参加者等)不足的

undersurface /ˈʌndəsɜ:fis/ n.  the lower or under surface 下面；底面

undertake /ʌndəˈteik/ v. tr. (past -took; past part. -taken)  1  bind oneself to perform, make oneself responsible for, engage in, enter upon (work, an enterprise, a responsibility) 承担，负责，从事，着手(工作、事务、事业、责任等) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.)  accept an obligation, promise 承诺；答应 3  guarantee, affirm 保证；肯定  I will undertake that he has not heard a word  我可以保证他一句话也没有听见

undertaker /ˈʌndəteikə/ n.  1  a person whose business is to make arrangements for funerals 丧事承办人，殡仪员 2 /also 亦作 -ˈteikə/  a person who undertakes to do something 承办者，承担者 3 hist.  an influential person in 17th-century England who undertook to procure particular legislation, esp. to obtain supplies from the House of Commons if the king would grant some concession [史义] (指 17 世纪英国只要国王做出某些让步)能使下院通过特别立法(尤指拨款)的有影响力的人物

undertaking /ʌndəˈteikiŋ/ n.  1  work etc. undertaken, an enterprise 工作；任务；事业  a serious undertaking  一项严肃的工作 2  a pledge or promise 保证；承诺 3 /ˈʌn-/  the management of funerals as a profession 殡仪业

undertenant /ˈʌndətenənt/ n.  a subtenant 转租承租人，次承租人 □ undertenancy  n. (pl. -ies)  转租承租(权)

under-the-counter attrib. adj. (esp. of illicit goods) obtained surreptitiously (cf. 参见 under the counter (COUNTER1)) (尤指非法品)偷偷摸摸获得的；暗中的，私下的，秘密的；台下的

underthings /ˈʌndəθiŋz/ n. pl. colloq.  underclothes [口]内衣裤

undertint /ˈʌndətint/ n.  a subdued tint 浅色，淡色，柔和的颜色

undertone /ˈʌndətəʊn/ n.  1  a subdued tone of sound or colour 低音；低声；浅色，淡色，柔和的颜色 2  an underlying quality 内在性质 3  an undercurrent of feeling 潜在(暗中)的感情

undertook past  of UNDERTAKE  

undertow /ˈʌndətəʊ/ n.  a current below the surface of the sea moving in the opposite direction to the surface current (指海面下的)下层逆流

undertrained /ʌndəˈtreind/ adj.  with insufficient training for a job, sport, etc. (指职业等)培训不足的；(指体育等)训练不够的

undertrick /ˈʌndətrik/ n. Bridge  a trick by which the declarer falls short of his or her contract 【桥牌】宕墩(指庄家未能完成定约时所宕掉的牌墩)

underuse v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌndəˈju:z/  use below the optimum level 未充分利用；使用…不当 ●n. /ʌndəˈju:s/  insufficient use 不充分的利用；使用不当

underutilize /ʌndəˈju:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (esp. as 尤作 underutilized adj.)  = UNDERUSE  □ underutilization  /ˌʌndəju:tilaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

undervalue /ʌndəˈvælju:/ v. tr. (-values, -valued, -valuing)  1  value insufficiently 对…估价过低；对…重视不足 2  underestimate 对…评价过低；低估；看轻 □ undervaluation  /-jʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

undervest /ˈʌndəvest/ n. Brit.  an undergarment worn on the upper part of the body; a vest [英]汗衫，背心

underwater /ʌndəˈwɔ:tə/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  situated or done under water 水下的；在水下进行的 ●adv.  under water 在水下，在水中

underwear /ˈʌndəwɛə/ n.  underclothes 衬衣，内衣

underweight adj. & n. ●adj. /ʌndəˈweit/  weighing less than is normal or desirable 重量不足的；未达到一般(或理想)重量的 ●n. /ˈʌndəweit/  insufficient weight 重量不足；未达到标准(或要求)的重量

underwent past  of UNDERGO  

underwhelm /ʌndəˈwelm/ v. tr. joc.  fail to impress [诙]未给…留下深刻印象 [on the pattern of OVERWHELM]

underwing /ˈʌndəwiŋ/ n.  1  the hindwing of an insect (昆虫的)后翅 2  the underside of a bird's wing (鸟的)翼下部

underwired /ʌndəˈwaiəd/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a bra) having a thin semicircular support of wire inset under each cup (指胸罩)有支撑架的

underwood /ˈʌndəwʊd/ n.  undergrowth 林下灌木丛

underwork /ˈʌndəwɜ:k/ v.  1 tr.  impose too little work on 对…草率从事，在…上花的工夫不够；未充分发挥…的作用；给…分派的工作太少 2 intr.  do too little work 不尽力工作；偷工

underworld /ˈʌndəwɜ:ld/ n.  1  the part of society comprising those who live by organized crime and immorality 黑社会 2  the mythical abode of the dead under the earth 地狱，阴间 3  the antipodes 对跖点(指地球上某一点的对应点)

underwrite /ʌndəˈrait, ˈʌndərait/ v. (past -wrote; past part. -written)  1  a tr.  sign, and accept liability under (an insurance policy) 在(保单)下面签名；同意承担(保单)上的责任b tr.  accept (liability) in this way 签名同意(承担责任)c intr.  practise insurance 经营保险业 2 tr.  undertake to finance or support 同意负担…的费用；同意支持(支援) 3 tr.  engage to buy all the stock in (a company etc.) not bought by the public 承销，包销(公司等)未被认购的全部发行股票 4 tr.  write below 在…下面写  the underwritten names  签署人姓名 □ underwriter  /ˈʌn-/ n.  

undescended /ʌndiˈsendid/ adj. Med. (of a testicle) remaining in the abdomen instead of descending normally into the scrotum 【医】(指睾丸)未落下的

undeserved /ʌndiˈzɜ:vd/ adj.  not deserved (as reward or punishment) 不该受(赏或罚)的 □ undeservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  

undeserving /ʌndiˈzɜ:viŋ/ adj.  not deserving 不配受到的；不该得到的 □ undeservingly  adv.  

undesigned /ʌndiˈzaind/ adj.  unintentional 非预谋的；非故意的 □ undesignedly  /-nidli/ adv.  

undesirable /ʌndiˈzaiərəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  not desirable, objectionable, unpleasant 不合意的；令人不快的，讨厌的；不受欢迎的 ●n.  an undesirable person 不受欢迎的人；令人讨厌的人；不良分子 □ undesirability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ undesirableness  n.  □ undesirably  adv.  

undesired /ʌndiˈzaiəd/ adj.  not desired 令人失望的；不受欢迎的

undesirous /ʌndiˈzaiərəs/ adj.  not desirous 不存向往的；无欲望的

undetectable /ʌndiˈtektəb(ə)l/ adj.  not detectable 察觉不到的；发现不了的；探测不到的 □ undetectability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ undetectably  adv.  

undetected /ʌndiˈtektid/ adj.  not detected 未被察觉的；未被发现的；未探测到的

undetermined /ʌndiˈtɜ:mind/ adj.  = UNDECIDED 

undeterred /ʌndiˈtɜ:d/ adj.  not deterred 未被吓住的；不气馁的，不灰心丧气的

undeveloped /ʌndiˈveləpt/ adj.  not developed 未充分发育的；不成熟的；未开发的；未发展的；不发达的；(指胶卷)未冲洗的

undeviating /ʌnˈdi:vieitiŋ/ adj.  not deviating; steady, constant 不偏离的，不背离的；不离正道的；始终如一的 □ undeviatingly  adv.  

undiagnosed /ʌnˈdaiəɡnəʊzd, ˌʌndaiəɡˈnəʊzd/ adj.  not diagnosed 未确诊的；尚未找出原因的

undid past  of UNDO  

undies /ˈʌndiz/ n. pl. colloq. (esp. women's) underclothes [口] (尤指妇女的)内衣 [abbreviation]

undifferentiated /ˌʌndifəˈrenʃieitid/ adj.  not differentiated; amorphous 无差别的；无明显特征的

undigested /ʌndiˈdʒestid, -dai-/ adj.  1  not digested 未消化的 2 (esp. of information, facts, etc.) not properly arranged or considered (尤指信息、事实等)没有整理好的；杂乱无章的；未被恰当理解的

undignified /ʌnˈdiɡnifaid/ adj.  lacking dignity 不庄严的；无尊严的；有损尊严的

undiluted /ʌndaiˈlu:tid/ adj.  1  not diluted 未淡化(或稀释)的；没有搀杂的；纯净的 2  complete, utter 完全的；全然的

undiminished /ʌndiˈminiʃt/ adj.  not diminished or lessened 未缩减的；未减少的；未减小的；没有削弱的

undine /ˈʌndi:n/ n.  a female water spirit 水精，水中女神 [modern Latin undina (word invented by Paracelsus) from Latin unda ‘a wave’]

undiplomatic /ˌʌndipləˈmætik/ adj.  tactless 无外交才能的；无策略的 □ undiplomatically  adv.  

undirected /ʌndiˈrektid, -dai-/ adj.  aimless; lacking direction; unfocussed 无目标的；缺乏引导的；缺乏指导的；没有针对性的

undiscerning /ʌndiˈsɜ:niŋ/ adj.  1  lacking insight 感觉迟钝的，缺乏悟性的 2  lacking taste 无鉴别力的，无眼力的

undischarged /ʌndisˈtʃɑ:dʒd/ adj. (esp. of a bankrupt or a debt) not discharged (尤指破产者)尚未清偿债务的；(指债务)尚未清偿的

undiscipline /ʌnˈdisiplin/ n.  lack of discipline 无纪律

undisciplined /ʌnˈdisiplind/ adj.  lacking discipline; not disciplined 无纪律的，不遵守纪律的；不服从命令的；难以控制的

undisclosed /ʌndisˈkləʊzd/ adj.  not revealed or made known 未公开的；保密的；未披露的

undiscoverable /ʌndiˈskʌv(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be discovered 无法发现的，无法发觉的

undiscovered /ʌndiˈskʌvəd/ adj.  not discovered 未被发现的，未被发觉的；不为人所知的

undiscriminating /ʌndiˈskrimineitiŋ/ adj.  not showing good judgement 不加区别的；不区别对待的；没有判断力的

undiscussed /ʌndiˈskʌst/ adj.  not discussed 未讨论过的

undisguised /ʌndisˈɡaizd/ adj.  not disguised 无伪装的；不掩盖的；毫不掩饰的；坦率的；公开的；公然的 □ undisguisedly  /-zidli/ adv.  

undismayed /ʌndisˈmeid/ adj.  not dismayed 不惊恐的；不失望的；不泄气的，不气馁的；不动摇的

undisputed /ʌndiˈspju:tid/ adj.  not disputed or called in question 未经争辩的；无可争辩的；毫无异议的

undissolved /ʌndiˈzɒlvd/ adj.  not dissolved 不溶解的；未溶解的

undistinguishable /ʌndiˈstiŋɡwiʃəb(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  indistinguishable 难以区分的，难以分辨的；不易察觉的；无明显特征的；形象模糊的

undistinguished /ʌndiˈstiŋɡwiʃt/ adj.  not distinguished; mediocre 未经区分的；未被注意到的；普通的，平凡的，平庸的

undistorted /ʌndiˈstɔ:tid/ adj.  not distorted 未扭曲的；未被歪曲的，未被曲解的；如实的

undistributed /ʌndiˈstribju:tid/ adj.  not distributed 未分发的；未分配的

undistributed middle n. Logic  a fallacy arising from the failure of the middle term of a syllogism to refer to all the members of a class 【逻辑学】不周延的中项(指三段论中由于中间条件无效而引起的推论谬误)

undisturbed /ʌndiˈstɜ:bd/ adj.  not disturbed or interfered with 未被搅乱的；未受干扰的

undivided /ʌndiˈvaidid/ adj.  not divided or shared; whole, entire 未分开的；未分离的；未分割的；未分担的；完整的；全部的  gave him my undivided attention  我专心致志地听他讲话

undo /ʌnˈdu:/ v. tr. (3rd sing. present -does; past -did; past part. -done)  1  a  unfasten or untie (a coat, button, parcel, etc.) 解开(大衣、纽扣、包裹等)；打开；松开b  unfasten the clothing of (a person) 脱掉(某人的)衣服 2  annul, cancel 使无效；取消；废除；消除  cannot undo the past  无法摆脱过去的阴影 3  ruin the prospects, reputation, or morals of 毁坏；破坏；毁掉…的前程(名誉或原则) [Old English undōn (as UN-2, DO1)]

undock /ʌnˈdɒk/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  separate (a spacecraft) from another in space (指在太空中)使(航天器)与另一航天器分离 2  take (a ship) out of a dock 使(船)出坞，使(船)驶离码头

undocumented /ʌnˈdɒkjʊmentid/ adj.  1 US  not having the appropriate document [美]无证明文件的 2  not proved by or recorded in documents 无事实根据的；无出处的；没有确凿事实的

undoing /ʌnˈdu:iŋ/ n.  1  ruin or a cause of ruin 毁灭；垮台；崩溃；毁灭(垮台、崩溃)的原因 2  the process of reversing what has been done 取消；废除；撤消；消除 3  the action of opening or unfastening 解开；松开；打开；拆开

undomesticated /ʌndəˈmestikeitid/ adj.  not domesticated 未驯化的；不爱做家务的；不习惯家庭生活的

undone /ʌnˈdʌn/ adj.  1  not done; incomplete 没有做的；未完成的  left the job undone  工作未完成 2  not fastened 解开的；松开的；打开的；拆开的  left the buttons undone  纽扣未系 3 archaic  ruined [古义]毁了的；受损的；没落的；堕落的

undoubtable /ʌnˈdaʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be doubted; indubitable 不容置疑的，确实的，明白的 □ undoubtably  adv.  

undoubted /ʌnˈdaʊtid/ adj.  certain, not questioned, not regarded as doubtful 无疑的，无庸置疑的，肯定的，无可争辩的；真正的 □ undoubtedly  adv.  

undrained /ʌnˈdreind/ adj.  not drained 未排水的；不排水的；没有水流的

undramatic /ʌndrəˈmætik/ adj.  1  lacking a dramatic quality or effect 缺乏戏剧性的 2  understated; unremarkable 平淡无奇的；不引人入胜的

undraped /ʌnˈdreipt/ adj.  1  not covered with drapery 被揭去掩盖物的 2  naked 脱去衣服的；无遮盖的；裸体的

undreamed /ʌnˈdri:md, -ˈdremt/ adj. (also 亦作 undreamt /ʌnˈdremt/) (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not dreamed or thought of or imagined 梦想不到的；想像不到的；没有想到的；意外的

undress /ʌnˈdres/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  take off one's clothes 脱衣服 2 tr.  take the clothes off (a person) 脱去(某人的)衣服 ●n.  1  ordinary dress as opposed to full dress or uniform (指区别于套装或制服的)便装，便服 also 亦作 attrib.: undress cap  便帽 2  casual or informal dress 休闲服 3  the state of being naked or only partially clothed 裸体(或半裸体)状态

undressed /ʌnˈdrest/ adj.  1  not or no longer dressed; partly or wholly naked 不穿衣服的；裸体(或半裸体)的 2 (of leather etc.) not treated (指皮革等)未鞣熟的 3 (of food) not having a dressing (指食物)未加调味品的

undrinkable /ʌnˈdrinkəb(ə)l/ adj.  unfit for drinking 不能喝的，不宜饮用的

undue /ʌnˈdju:/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  excessive, disproportionate 过分的，不成比例的 2  not suitable 不适当的 3  not owed 未到(支付)期的 □ unduly  adv.  

undue influence n. Law  influence by which a person is induced to act otherwise than by his or her own free will, or without adequate attention to the consequences 【法律】不正当影响，不正当压力

undulant /ˈʌndjʊl(ə)nt/ adj.  moving like waves; fluctuating 波动的；起伏的；滚动的 [Latin undulare (as UNDULATE)]

undulant fever n.  brucellosis in humans 波状热 [so called because of the intermittent fever associated with the disease]

undulate v. & adj. ●v. /ˈʌndjʊleit/ intr. & tr.  have or cause to have a wavy motion or look (使)波动；(使)起伏；(使)成波浪形 ●adj. /ˈʌndjʊlət/  wavy, going alternately up and down or in and out 波浪形的；起伏的  leaves with undulate margins  边缘呈波状的叶子 □ undulately  adv.   [Late Latin undulatus from Latin unda ‘a wave’]

undulation /ʌndjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a wavy motion or form, a gentle rise and fall 波动；波浪形；起伏 2  each wave of this 波状弯曲 3  a set of wavy lines 波状曲线

undulatory /ˈʌndjʊlət(ə)ri/ adj.  1  undulating, wavy 波动的；起伏的 2  of or due to undulation 波浪形的；因波动引起的

undutiful /ʌnˈdju:tifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not dutiful 未尽职的；未尽本分的；无责任感的；不可靠的；不顺从的；难管束的；不孝的 □ undutifully  adv.  □ undutifulness  n.  

undyed /ʌnˈdaid/ adj.  not dyed 未染色的；天然色的

undying /ʌnˈdaiiŋ/ adj.  1  immortal 不死的，永生的 2  never-ending 不朽的，永恒的  undying love  永恒的爱情 □ undyingly  adv.  

unearned /ʌnˈɜ:nd/ adj.  not earned 非劳动(或服务)所得的；投资获得的；不应得的；不配的；尚未获得的

unearned income n.  income from interest payments etc. as opposed to salary, wages, or fees (指利息等)非劳动收入，非工资收入

unearned increment n.  an increase in the value of property not due to the owner's labour or outlay (指不动产由于除劳力和投资以外因素的)自然增值，非劳力增值

unearth /ʌnˈɜ:θ/ v. tr.  1  a  discover by searching or in the course of digging or rummaging 发现；揭露b  dig out of the earth (指从地下)发掘；掘出 2  drive (a fox etc.) from its earth 把(狐狸等)从洞穴中赶出

unearthly /ʌnˈɜ:θli/ adj.  1  supernatural, mysterious 超自然的；神秘的 2 colloq.  absurdly early or inconvenient [口]早(或不便)得荒谬的  got up at an unearthly hour  起床特别早 3  not earthly 不属于地球的；非世间的；非世俗的 □ unearthliness  n.  

unease /ʌnˈi:z/ n.  lack of ease, discomfort, distress 心神不安；忧虑；不自在；拘束

uneasy /ʌnˈi:zi/ adj. (uneasier, uneasiest)  1  disturbed or uncomfortable in mind or body 心神不安的；忧虑的；不安宁的  passed an uneasy night  度过了一个心神不安的夜晚 2  disturbing 烦扰的，令人不安的  had an uneasy suspicion  令人不安的猜疑 □ uneasily  adv.  □ uneasiness  n.  

uneatable /ʌnˈi:təb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be eaten, esp. because of its condition (cf. 参见 INEDIBLE) (尤因变质等)不能吃的，不适合食用的

uneaten /ʌnˈi:t(ə)n/ adj.  not eaten; left undevoured 未吃的；吃剩的

uneconomic /ˌʌni:kəˈnɒmik, ˌʌnek-/ adj.  not economic; incapable of being profitably operated etc. 不经济的；代价高的；赚不到钱的 □ uneconomically  adv.  

uneconomical /ˌʌni:kəˈnɒmik(ə)l, ˌʌnekə-/ adj.  not economical; wasteful 不经济的；浪费的

unedifying /ʌnˈedifaiiŋ/ adj.  not edifying, esp. uninstructive or degrading 无启发性的；(尤指)无教益的或有辱人格的 □ unedifyingly  adv.  

unedited /ʌnˈeditid/ adj.  not edited 未编辑的；未校订的；未经修改的；未刊行的；未经剪辑的；未经审查的

uneducated /ʌnˈedjʊkeitid/ adj.  not educated 未受(良好)教育的；缺乏教养的；未经训练的 □ uneducable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  

unelectable /ʌniˈlektəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a candidate, party, etc.) holding views likely to bring defeat at an election (指候选人、党派等的观点在选举中)可能导致落选的

unelected /ʌniˈlektid/ adj.  not elected 未选的；未被选中的；落选的

unembarrassed /ʌnimˈbærəst, -em-/ adj.  not embarrassed 不窘的，不尴尬的；不慌张的，镇静的；不拮据的，不窘迫的

unembellished /ʌnimˈbeliʃt, -em-/ adj.  not embellished or decorated 无装饰的；未加渲染的；简朴的

unemotional /ʌniˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not emotional; lacking emotion 不易动感情的；不易激动的；无动于衷的；冷漠的；无感情的 □ unemotionally  adv.  

unemphatic /ʌnimˈfætik, -em-/ adj.  not emphatic 不强调的，不着重的；表达不力的；不显眼的；不坚持的；无重音的 □ unemphatically  adv.  

unemployable /ʌnimˈplɔiəb(ə)l, -em-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  unfitted for paid employment 不能被雇佣的，不适合雇佣的 ●n.  an unemployable person 不能被雇佣的人 □ unemployability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unemployed /ʌnimˈplɔid, -em-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not having paid employment; out of work 未被雇佣的；失业的 2  not in use 不用的；未使用的；未被利用的；闲着的 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  unemployed people 失业者

unemployment /ʌnimˈplɔim(ə)nt, -em-/ n.  1  the state of being unemployed 失业(状态) 2  the condition or extent of this in a country or region etc. (指某一国家或地区等的)失业状况；失业人数；失业率  the North has higher unemployment  北方失业率更高

unemployment benefit n.  a payment made by the state or (in the US) a trade union to an unemployed person (指由国家或(在美国)由工会支付的)失业救济金，失业津贴

unenclosed /ʌninˈkləʊzd, -en-/ adj.  not enclosed 未用墙(或篱笆等)围住的；未圈起的；公共的

unencumbered /ʌninˈkʌmbəd, -en-/ adj.  1 (of an estate) not having any liabilities (e.g. a mortgage) on it (指地产)没有(抵押等)债务的 2  having no encumbrance; free 没有阻碍的，不受阻碍的；没有累赘的；没有拖累的；自由的

unending /ʌnˈendiŋ/ adj.  having or apparently having no end 永无止境的；不尽的；不停的，不断的；永恒的 □ unendingly  adv.  □ unendingness  n.  

unendowed /ʌninˈdaʊd, -en-/ adj.  not endowed 不赋有的，不具有的；没有天赋的

unendurable /ʌninˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be endured 无法忍受的，不能忍耐的；不能持久的 □ unendurably  adv.  

unenforceable /ʌninˈfɔ:səb(ə)l, -en-/ adj. (of a contract, law, etc.) impossible to enforce (指合同、法律等)不能执行的，无法实施的

unengaged /ʌninˈɡeidʒd, -en-/ adj.  not engaged; uncommitted 未允诺的；无约的；未订婚的；不忙的；有空的

un-English /ʌnˈiŋɡliʃ/ adj.  1  not characteristic of the English 非英国(式)的；没有英国人特点的 2  not English 不合标准英语的；不合英语习惯用法的

unenjoyable /ʌninˈdʒɔiəb(ə)l, -en-/ adj.  not enjoyable 不能从中得到乐趣的，不能使人快乐的，无乐趣的

unenlightened /ʌninˈlait(ə)nd, -en-/ adj.  not enlightened 未受启发(或启迪、开导)的；愚昧无知的；落后的；不文明的 □ unenlightenment  n.  

unenterprising /ʌnˈentəpraiziŋ/ adj.  not enterprising 没有进取心的，无事业心的；无冒险精神的，无胆量的；保守的

unenthusiastic /ˌʌninθju:ziˈæstik, ˌʌnen-/ adj.  not enthusiastic 不热心的；缺乏热情的；不热烈的；不抱希望的；不乐观的 □ unenthusiastically  adv.  

unenviable /ʌnˈenviəb(ə)l/ adj.  not enviable 不值得羡慕的；不会引起妒忌的；尴尬的；令人不快的 □ unenviably  adv.  

unenvied /ʌnˈenvid/ adj.  not envied 不受人羡慕(或妒忌)的

unequal /ʌnˈi:kw(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not equal 不合适的，不相当的；不胜任的 2  of varying quality (指性质)不相等的，不同的 3  lacking equal advantage to both sides 不平衡的；不相配的；不对称的；不势均力敌的；不公平的  an unequal bargain  不公平交易 □ unequally  adv.  

unequalize /ʌnˈi:kwəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make unequal 使不相等；使不平等

unequalled /ʌnˈi:kw(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] unequaled)  superior to all others 无以匹敌的；无比的；无敌的；空前的

unequipped /ʌniˈkwipt/ adj.  not equipped 未配备所需物品的；无准备的

unequivocal /ʌniˈkwivək(ə)l/ adj.  not ambiguous, plain, unmistakable 毫不含糊的，清楚明白的，明确的；不会弄错的 □ unequivocally  adv.  □ unequivocalness  n.  

unerring /ʌnˈɜ:riŋ/ adj.  not erring, failing, or missing the mark; true, certain 不犯错误的；不出差错的；万无一失的；正确(或准确)的；确信的；可靠的 □ unerringly  adv.  □ unerringness  n.  

unescapable /ʌniˈskeipəb(ə)l, ʌne-/ adj.  inescapable 逃不掉的；逃脱不了的；不可避免的

UNESCO /ju:ˈneskəʊ/ abbr. (also 亦作 Unesco)  United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization [缩略]联合国教科文组织

unescorted /ʌniˈskɔ:tid, ʌne-/ adj.  not escorted 无人护送的；无人陪同的；没有护卫的

unessential /ʌniˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not essential (cf. 参见 INESSENTIAL) 非本质的；非必不可少的 2  not of the first importance 非最重要的 ●n.  an unessential part or thing 非本质的事物；非必需的东西；不重要的事物

unestablished /ʌniˈstæbliʃt, ʌne-/ adj.  not established 未确立的；未被确认的；尚无成就的

unethical /ʌnˈeθik(ə)l/ adj.  not ethical, esp. unscrupulous in business or professional conduct 不道德的；(尤指)不合乎职业道德的 □ unethically  adv.  

unevangelical /ˌʌni:vænˈdʒelik(ə)l/ adj.  not evangelical 非福音的；与四《福音书》不相符的

uneven /ʌnˈi:v(ə)n/ adj.  1  not level or smooth 不平坦的；不平滑的；崎岖的；凹凸不平的；参差不齐的 2  not uniform or equable 不一致的；不规则的；不稳定的；不平衡的；不相等的 3 (of a contest) unequal (指竞赛)不均等的；不势均力敌的 □ unevenly  adv.  □ unevenness  /ʌnˈi:v(ə)nnis/ n.   [Old English unefen (as UN-1, EVEN1)]

uneventful /ʌniˈventfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not eventful 无重大事件的；平静的；常规的；平凡的 □ uneventfully  adv.  □ uneventfulness  n.  

unexamined /ʌniɡˈzæmind, ʌneɡ-/ adj.  not examined 未经检查(或调查、审查)的；未经权衡的；未经核对的

unexampled /ʌniɡˈzɑ:mp(ə)ld, ʌneɡ-/ adj.  having no precedent or parallel 无先例的；绝无仅有的；空前的；无可比拟的

unexceptionable /ʌnikˈsepʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l, ʌnek-/ adj.  with which no fault can be found; entirely satisfactory 无懈可击的，无可指责的；完美无缺的 □ unexceptionableness  n.  □ unexceptionably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EXCEPTIONABLE. 见 EXCEPTIONABLE 的用法说明。 

unexceptional /ʌnikˈsepʃ(ə)n(ə)l, ʌnek-/ adj.  not out of the ordinary; usual, normal 非例外的；不独特的；平常的，普通的 □ unexceptionally  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EXCEPTIONABLE. 见 EXCEPTIONABLE 的用法说明。 

unexcitable /ʌnikˈsaitəb(ə)l, ʌnek-/ adj.  not easily excited 激动不起来的；不易激动的；不易兴奋的 □ unexcitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unexciting /ʌnikˈsaitiŋ, ʌnek-/ adj.  not exciting; dull 不使人激动的，不令人兴奋的；单调的，乏味的；平淡的；平凡的

unexecuted /ʌnˈeksikju:tid/ adj.  not carried out or put into effect 未实行的；未执行的；未按条约履行的

unexhausted /ʌniɡˈzɔ:stid, ʌneɡ-/ adj.  1  not used up, expended, or brought to an end 未用完的，未用竭的，未尽的 2  not emptied 未抽空的，未汲干的

unexpected /ʌnikˈspektid, ʌnek-/ adj.  not expected; surprising 没有料到的；想不到的；意外的；突如其来的 □ unexpectedly  adv.  □ unexpectedness  n.  

unexpired /ʌnikˈspaiəd, ʌnek-/ adj.  that has not yet expired 未到期的；(期限)未终止的

unexplainable /ʌnikˈspleinəb(ə)l, ʌnek-/ adj.  inexplicable 不可解释的；无法说明的，费解的 □ unexplainably  adv.  

unexplained /ʌnikˈspleind, ʌnek-/ adj.  not explained 未解释的；莫名其妙的；原因不明的

unexploded /ʌnikˈspləʊdid, ʌnek-/ adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (of a bomb etc.) that has not exploded (指炸弹等)未爆炸的

unexploited /ʌnikˈsplɔitid, ʌnek-/ adj. (of resources etc.) not exploited (指资源等)未被利用的；未经开发的

unexplored /ʌnikˈsplɔ:d, ʌnek-/ adj.  not explored 未经勘探的；尚未考察的；未经探测的

unexposed /ʌnikˈspəʊzd, ʌnek-/ adj.  not exposed 未暴露的；未揭露的；未曝光的

unexpressed /ʌnikˈsprest, ʌnek-/ adj.  not expressed or made known 未表示的；未说出的  unexpressed fears  未表露的恐惧

unexpurgated /ʌnˈekspəɡeitid/ adj. (esp. of a text etc.) not expurgated; complete (尤指原文等)未经删除的；完整的；未经删节而全文发表的

unfaceable /ʌnˈfeisəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be faced or confronted 无法面对的，不能面对的

unfading /ʌnˈfeidiŋ/ adj.  that never fades (永)不褪色的；(永)不凋萎的；永远新鲜(或鲜明)的；不失去价值(或重要性等)的；不灭的；不朽的 □ unfadingly  adv.  

unfailing /ʌnˈfeiliŋ/ adj.  1  not failing 经久不衰的；不倦的 2  not running short 用不完的 3  constant 无穷无尽的；连续不断的；永无止息的；永恒的 4  reliable 可靠的；忠贞不渝的；可信赖的 □ unfailingly  adv.  □ unfailingness  n.  

unfair /ʌnˈfɛə/ adj.  1  not equitable or honest 不正当的；不正直的；不诚实的  obtained by unfair means  用不正当手段获得 2  not impartial or according to the rules 不公正的；不公平的  unfair play  不公平的比赛 □ unfairly  adv.  □ unfairness  n.   [Old English unfœger (as UN-1, FAIR1)]

unfaithful /ʌnˈfeiθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  not faithful, esp. adulterous 不信守婚誓的；(尤指)通奸的；不贞的 2  not loyal 不忠实的；不守信的 3  treacherous 背信弃义的，背叛的；奸诈的 □ unfaithfully  adv.  □ unfaithfulness  n.  

unfaltering /ʌnˈfɔ:lt(ə)riŋ, -ˈfɒl-/ adj.  not faltering; steady, resolute 不犹豫的；不动摇的；坚定的；稳步的；坚决的 □ unfalteringly  adv.  

unfamiliar /ʌnfəˈmiliə/ adj.  not familiar 不熟悉的；不常见的；陌生的；不熟知的；不通晓的；未见过(或听说过)的 □ unfamiliarity  /-liˈæriti/ n.  

unfancied /ʌnˈfænsid/ adj. (of a team, racehorse, etc.) not considered likely to win (指团队、赛马等)不被看好的

unfashionable /ʌnˈfæʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  not fashionable 不时髦的；不流行的；过时的 □ unfashionableness  n.  □ unfashionably  adv.  

unfashioned /ʌnˈfæʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  not made into its proper shape 未成形的；未塑造成的；未加工的

unfasten /ʌnˈfɑ:s(ə)n/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  make or become loose 解开；松开；脱开；打开 2 tr.  open the fastening(s) of 解开；松开；打开 3 tr.  detach 使脱开，分开

unfastened /ʌnˈfɑ:s(ə)nd/ adj.  1  that has not been fastened 未固定的；未锁上的；未系紧的 2  that has been loosened, opened, or detached 松开的；打开的；分开的

unfathered /ʌnˈfɑ:ðəd/ adj.  1  having no known or acknowledged father; illegitimate 生父不明的；私生的，非婚生的 2  of unknown origin 出处不明的，来源不明的  unfathered rumours  来源不明的谣言

unfatherly /ʌnˈfɑ:ðəli/ adj.  not befitting a father 不像父亲的；有失父亲身份的 □ unfatherliness  n.  

unfathomable /ʌnˈfæð(ə)məb(ə)l/ adj.  incapable of being fathomed 深不可测的；莫测高深的 □ unfathomableness  n.  □ unfathomably  adv.  

unfathomed /ʌnˈfæð(ə)md/ adj.  1  of unascertained depth 未探测深度的；尚未测量的 2  not fully explored or known 未被理解(或彻底了解)的；尚未确定的

unfavourable /ʌnˈfeiv(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] unfavorable)  not favourable; adverse, hostile 不适宜的；不顺利的；不利的；相反的；有害的；反对的，不赞同的 □ unfavourableness  n.  □ unfavourably  adv.  

unfavourite /ʌnˈfeiv(ə)rit/ adj. (US [美] unfavorite) colloq.  least favourite; most disliked [口]最不喜欢的；最令人讨厌的

unfazed /ʌnˈfeizd/ adj. colloq.  untroubled; not disconcerted [口]无烦恼的，没有忧虑的；不惊慌的，安心的

unfeasible /ʌnˈfi:zib(ə)l/ adj.  not feasible; impractical 不能实行的，行不通的；不切实际的，难实施的 □ unfeasibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unfeasibly  adv.  

unfed /ʌnˈfed/ adj.  not fed 未被喂食的；没有吃过东西的

unfeeling /ʌnˈfi:liŋ/ adj.  1  unsympathetic, harsh, not caring about others' feelings 无情的，冷酷的；无同情心的；心肠硬的 2  lacking sensation or sensitivity 缺乏感情的；无感觉的；失去知觉的 □ unfeelingly  adv.  □ unfeelingness  n.   [Old English unfelende (as UN-1, FEELING)]

unfeigned /ʌnˈfeind/ adj.  genuine, sincere 真实的；真诚的；真正的 □ unfeignedly  adv.  

unfelt /ʌnˈfelt/ adj.  not felt 未被感觉到的；未被觉察的；无感情的，不感动的

unfeminine /ʌnˈfeminin/ adj.  not in accordance with, or appropriate to, female character 不适合女性的；不像女性的，没有女子气的；不矫揉的 □ unfemininity  /-ˈniniti/ n.  

unfenced /ʌnˈfenst/ adj.  1  not provided with fences 没有篱笆(或栅栏)的；未用篱笆(或栅栏)围住的 2  unprotected 无保护的，没有防卫的

unfermented /ʌnfəˈmentid, -fɜ:ˈm-/ adj.  not fermented 没有发过酵的

unfertilized /ʌnˈfɜ:tilaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 unfertilised)  not fertilized 未施肥的；未受精的

unfetter /ʌnˈfetə/ v. tr.  release from fetters 给…除去枷锁；使自由；解放

unfettered /ʌnˈfetəd/ adj.  unrestrained, unrestricted 自由的；不受约束的

unfilial /ʌnˈfiliəl/ adj.  not befitting a son or daughter 不孝顺的 □ unfilially  adv.  

unfilled /ʌnˈfild/ adj.  not filled 未填充的；空的；无填充物的

unfiltered /ʌnˈfiltəd/ adj.  1  not filtered 未过滤的 2 (of a cigarette) not provided with a filter (指香烟)无过滤嘴的

unfinished /ʌnˈfiniʃt/ adj.  not finished; incomplete 未完成的，未结束的；未经最后加工的；未润饰的

unfit /ʌnˈfit/ adj. & v. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  not fit 不合适的，不相宜的，不恰当的；不相称的；不合格的；不胜任的 ●v. tr. (unfitted, unfitting) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  make unsuitable 使不合适，使不相宜；使不合格；使不胜任 □ unfitly  adv.  □ unfitness  n.  

unfitted /ʌnˈfitid/ adj.  1  not fit 不适合的；不合格的 2  not fitted or suited 不合身的；宽大的 3  not provided with fittings 未装备的；未提供设备的

unfitting /ʌnˈfitiŋ/ adj.  not fitting or suitable, unbecoming 不相称的，不恰当的，不合适的 □ unfittingly  adv.  

unfix /ʌnˈfiks/ v. tr.  1  release or loosen from a fixed state 解开；松开；卸下；使脱离 2  detach 分开；卸开；脱开

unfixed /ʌnˈfikst/ adj.  not fixed 不固定的；被解开的；被松开的；被卸下的；未确定的；没有决定的；不稳定的；不明确的

unflagging /ʌnˈflæɡiŋ/ adj.  tireless, persistent 不疲倦的；不屈不挠的，不松懈的；持久的 □ unflaggingly  adv.  

unflappable /ʌnˈflæpəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  imperturbable; remaining calm in a crisis [口]不易激动的；不易惊慌的；沉着冷静的；镇定自若的 □ unflappability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unflappably  adv.  

unflattering /ʌnˈflæt(ə)riŋ/ adj.  not flattering 不奉承的，不恭维的，不讨好的；耿直坦率的；准确的；如实的 □ unflatteringly  adv.  

unflavoured /ʌnˈfleivəd/ adj. (US [美] unflavored)  not flavoured 未经调味的

unfledged /ʌnˈfledʒd/ adj.  1 (of a person) inexperienced (指人)不成熟的；无经验的 2 (of a bird) not yet fledged (指鸟)羽翼未丰的；还不会飞的

unfleshed /ʌnˈfleʃt/ adj.  1  not covered with flesh 不带肉的；无肉的 2  stripped of flesh 去掉肉的

unflinching /ʌnˈflin(t)ʃiŋ/ adj.  not flinching 不退缩(或畏惧)的；不妥协的；坚定的 □ unflinchingly  adv.  

unfocused /ʌnˈfəʊkəst/ adj. (also 亦作 unfocussed)  not focused 不聚成焦点的；(张大着的眼睛)什么都不看的，目光茫然的；无特定愿望(或目标、意图)的，不集中于一点的

unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld/ v.  1 tr.  open the fold or folds of, spread out 展开；打开；摊开 2 tr.  reveal (thoughts etc.) 展现；披露，挑明(想法等) 3 intr.  become opened out 展开；张开；伸展 4 intr.  develop 开展；发展；壮大 □ unfoldment  n. US [美]   [Old English unfealdan (as UN-2, FOLD1)]

unforced /ʌnˈfɔ:st/ adj.  1  not produced by effort; easy, natural 自然的；不费劲的 2  not compelled or constrained 不勉强的；非强迫的；自愿的 □ unforcedly  adv.  

unfordable /ʌnˈfɔ:dəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be forded 不能涉水而过的；无法通过的

unforeseeable /ʌnfɔ:ˈsi:əb(ə)l/ adj.  not foreseeable 无法预见的；无法预言的；无法预料的

unforeseen /ʌnfɔ:ˈsi:n/ adj.  not foreseen 未预见到的；意料之外的

unforetold /ʌnfɔ:ˈtəʊld/ adj.  not foretold; unpredicted 未预料到的；未预知的

unforgettable /ʌnfəˈɡetəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be forgotten; memorable, wonderful 不会被遗忘的；难忘的  an unforgettable experience  令人难忘的经历 □ unforgettably  adv.  

unforgivable /ʌnfəˈɡivəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be forgiven 不可原谅的；不可饶恕的 □ unforgivably  adv.  

unforgiven /ʌnfəˈɡiv(ə)n/ adj.  not forgiven 未原谅的；未饶恕的

unforgiving /ʌnfəˈɡiviŋ/ adj.  not forgiving 不原谅人的；不饶恕人的；无情的；不宽恕的 □ unforgivingly  adv.  □ unforgivingness  n.  

unforgotten /ʌnfəˈɡɒt(ə)n/ adj.  not forgotten 不被遗忘的；牢记的

unformed /ʌnˈfɔ:md/ adj.  1  not formed 未形成的；未组成的；未作成的；未创造出来的 2  shapeless 不成形的，无定形的；无形状的 3  not developed 未定型的；未充分发展的；不成熟的

unformulated /ʌnˈfɔ:mjʊleitid/ adj.  not formulated 未用公式表示的；未系统地阐述的

unforthcoming /ʌnfɔ:θˈkʌmiŋ/ adj.  not forthcoming 不愿响应的；不乐于助人的；不与人方便的

unfortified /ʌnˈfɔ:tifaid/ adj.  not fortified 未筑防御工事的；不设防的；信念不足的；体力(或精力)不支的；未得到加强(或支持)的；(指食品)未提高营养价值的；(指酒)未给加度的，未增加酒精含量的

unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔ:tʃ(ə)nət/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having bad fortune; unlucky 不幸的；倒霉的 2  unhappy 不合适的；不恰当的 3  regrettable 令人遗憾的；可叹的 4  disastrous 不成功的；损失惨重的 ●n.  an unfortunate person 不幸的人；倒霉的人

unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔ:tʃ(ə)nətli/ adv.  1 (qualifying a whole sentence) it is unfortunate that (修饰全句)令人失望的是，遗憾的是，可惜的是 2  in an unfortunate manner 不幸地；倒霉地

unfounded /ʌnˈfaʊndid/ adj.  having no foundation 无事实根据的；没有理由的；虚幻的；未建立的  unfounded hopes  渺茫的希望 unfounded rumour  没有事实根据的谣言，无稽之谈 □ unfoundedly  adv.  □ unfoundedness  n.  

unframed /ʌnˈfreimd/ adj. (esp. of a picture) not framed (尤指画)无框架的，无边框的

unfree /ʌnˈfri:/ adj.  deprived or devoid of liberty 不自由的 □ unfreedom  n.  无自由

unfreeze /ʌnˈfri:z/ v. (past unfroze; past part. unfrozen)  1 tr.  cause to thaw 融化；使解冻 2 intr.  thaw 解冻 3 tr.  remove restrictions from, make (assets, credits, etc.) realizable 取消限制；解除对(资产、贷款等的)冻结；使(资产等)可变现

unfrequented /ʌnfriˈkwentid/ adj.  not frequented 人迹罕至的；不常有人去的；不常有人出入的；冷落的

unfriended /ʌnˈfrendid/ adj. literary  without friends [文学用语]无友人的

unfriendly /ʌnˈfren(d)li/ adj. (unfriendlier, unfriendliest)  not friendly 不友善的；不友好的；冷漠的；有敌意的；不利的；不顺利的 □ unfriendliness  n.  

unfrock /ʌnˈfrɒk/ v. tr.  = DEFROCK 

unfroze past  of UNFREEZE  

unfrozen past part.  of UNFREEZE  

unfruitful /ʌnˈfru:tfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  not producing good results, unprofitable 没有结果的，无成效的；无利的，无益的 2  not producing fruit or crops 不结果实的；不生育的；不毛的 □ unfruitfully  adv.  □ unfruitfulness  n.  

unfulfilled /ʌnfʊlˈfild/ adj.  not fulfilled 未履行的；未实现的；未完成的；未得到满足的 □ unfulfillable  adj.  □ unfulfilling  adj.  

unfunded /ʌnˈfʌndid/ adj. (of a debt) not funded (指债务)非长期的，短期的，流动的；不提供资金的，未设基金的，无基金的

unfunny /ʌnˈfʌni/ adj. (unfunnier, unfunniest)  not amusing (though meant to be) (想逗人笑却并)不滑稽的，不逗人发笑的，不幽默的 □ unfunnily  adv.  □ unfunniness  n.  

unfurl /ʌnˈfɜ:l/ v.  1 tr.  spread out (a sail, umbrella, etc.) 打开，展开(帆、伞等) 2 intr.  become spread out 打开，展开

unfurnished /ʌnˈfɜ:niʃt/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  not supplied 未供应的；未装备的 2  without furniture 无家具的

unfussy /ʌnˈfʌsi/ adj.  not fussy 不慌不忙的；从容不迫的；不挑剔的；不为小事烦躁的；不复杂的

ungainly /ʌnˈɡeinli/ adj. (of a person, animal, or movement) awkward, clumsy (指人、动物或动作)不利索的；笨拙的 □ ungainliness  n.   [UN-1 + obsolete gainly ‘graceful’, ultimately from Old Norse gegn ‘straight’]

ungallant /ʌnˈɡæl(ə)nt, ʌnɡəˈlænt/ adj.  not gallant 不华丽的；不英勇的；(指对女子)不殷勤的 □ ungallantly  adv.  

ungenerous /ʌnˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.  not generous; mean 吝啬的，不大方的，不慷慨的；不宽厚的，不宽大的，不宽宏大量的；卑微的；苛刻的；不公正的；不大的；很少的；不充足的 □ ungenerously  adv.  □ ungenerousness  n.  

ungenial /ʌnˈdʒi:niəl/ adj.  not genial 不利于生长发育的；不和蔼可亲的；令人不快的；难相处的；冷漠无情的；不相宜的；不适合的

ungentle /ʌnˈdʒent(ə)l/ adj.  not gentle 不高贵的；出身低微的；(性格)欠温和的；严厉的；粗暴的 □ ungentleness  n.  □ ungently  adv.  

ungentlemanly /ʌnˈdʒent(ə)lmənli/ adj.  not gentlemanly 无绅士风度的；与绅士身份不配的；无教养的；不礼貌的；粗鲁的 □ ungentlemanliness  n.  

unget-at-able /ʌnɡetˈætəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq.  inaccessible [口]难到达的；难以接近的；不易进入的

ungifted /ʌnˈɡiftid/ adj.  not gifted or talented 无天才的，无天赋的，无天资的

ungird /ʌnˈɡɜ:d/ v. tr.  1  release the girdle, belt, or girth of 解掉(或松开)…的带子 2  release or take off by undoing a belt or girth 解下；放开

unglamorous /ʌnˈɡlæm(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  lacking glamour or attraction 没有魅力的；无浪漫色彩的 2  mundane 乏味的；单调的

unglazed /ʌnˈɡleizd/ adj.  not glazed 没有装玻璃的；未上光的；未上釉的，素烧的

ungloved /ʌnˈɡlʌvd/ adj.  not wearing a glove or gloves 没有戴手套的；无手套的

ungodly /ʌnˈɡɒdli/ adj.  1  impious, wicked 不敬神的，不虔诚的；有罪的，邪恶的 2 colloq.  outrageous [口]令人痛苦的；恼人的；骇人的；令人不能容忍的  an ungodly hour to arrive  来得不是时候 □ ungodliness  n.  

ungovernable /ʌnˈɡʌv(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  uncontrollable, violent 无法控制的；难治理的；难约束的；粗野的；凶暴的；放纵的，放肆的 □ ungovernability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ ungovernably  adv.  

ungraceful /ʌnˈɡreisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not graceful 不优美的，不优雅的；没有风度的；笨拙的；难看的 □ ungracefully  adv.  □ ungracefulness  n.  

ungracious /ʌnˈɡreiʃəs/ adj.  1  not kindly or courteous; unkind 不和蔼的；不礼貌的；不友好的 2  unattractive 无吸引力的；讨厌的；使人不愉快的 □ ungraciously  adv.  □ ungraciousness  n.  

ungrammatical /ʌnɡrəˈmætik(ə)l/ adj.  contrary to the rules of grammar 不符合语法的；违反语法规则的 □ ungrammaticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ ungrammatically  adv.  □ ungrammaticalness  n.  

ungraspable /ʌnˈɡrɑ:spəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be grasped or comprehended 不能领会的；不能理解的

ungrateful /ʌnˈɡreitfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  not feeling or showing gratitude 不领情的；不感谢的；不表示感激的；忘恩负义的 2  not pleasant or acceptable 使人不愉快的；令人生厌的；不合意的；不可接受的 □ ungratefully  adv.  □ ungratefulness  n.  

ungreen /ʌnˈɡri:n/ adj.  1  not supporting protection of the environment 不支持环境保护的 2  harmful to the environment 对环境有害的

ungrounded /ʌnˈɡraʊndid/ adj.  1  having no basis or justification; unfounded 无根据的；没有理由的 2 Electr.  not earthed 【电】未接地的 3 (foll. by 后跟 in a subject)  not properly instructed 无扎实基础的；无根基的 4 (of an aircraft, ship, etc.) no longer grounded (指飞机)起飞的；(指轮船)离开搁浅地点的

ungrudging /ʌnˈɡrʌdʒiŋ/ adj.  not grudging 不妒忌的；不勉强的；情愿的；慷慨的；全心全意的 □ ungrudgingly  adv.  

ungual /ˈʌŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  of, like, or bearing a nail, hoof, or claw 指甲(或趾甲、蹄、爪)的；指甲(或趾甲、蹄、爪)似的；有指甲(或趾甲、蹄、爪)的 [Latin UNGUIS]

unguard /ʌnˈɡɑ:d/ v. tr. Cards  discard a low card that was protecting (a high card) from capture 【牌戏】放弃(次大牌的护张)

unguarded /ʌnˈɡɑ:did/ adj.  1  incautious, thoughtless 不留神的；粗心大意的；不谨慎的；轻率的  an unguarded remark  说漏嘴的话 2  not guarded; without a guard 未看守的；没有防卫的 □ unguardedly  adv.  □ unguardedness  n.  

unguent /ˈʌŋɡwənt/ n.  a soft substance used as ointment or for lubrication 药膏；油膏；软膏；润滑油 [Latin unguentum from unguere ‘anoint’]

unguessable /ʌnˈɡesəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be guessed or imagined 无法猜测的；不能想像的

unguiculate /ʌŋˈɡwikjʊlət/ adj.  1 Zool.  having one or more nails or claws 【动】有爪的 2 Bot. (of petals) having an unguis 【植】(指花瓣)具爪的 [modern Latin unguiculatus from unguiculus, diminutive of UNGUIS]

unguided /ʌnˈɡaidid/ adj.  not guided in a particular path or direction; left to take its own course 无向导的；无导游的；无领导的；无控制的；无制导的

unguis /ˈʌŋɡwis/ n. (pl. ungues /-wi:z/)  1 Bot.  the narrow base of a petal 【植】爪(指花瓣的狭隘基部) 2 Zool.  a nail or claw 【动】趾；爪 [Latin]

ungula /ˈʌŋɡjʊlə/ n. (pl. ungulae /-li:/)  a hoof or claw 蹄；爪 [Latin, diminutive of UNGUIS]

ungulate /ˈʌŋɡjʊlət, -leit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  hoofed 有蹄的；蹄状的 ●n.  a hoofed mammal 有蹄类哺乳动物 [Late Latin ungulatus from UNGULA]

unhallowed /ʌnˈhæləʊd/ adj.  1  not consecrated 不奉为神圣的；未献祭的 2  not sacred; unholy, wicked 不神圣的；不虔诚的；邪恶的

unhampered /ʌnˈhæmpəd/ adj.  not hampered 不受阻碍的，不受妨碍的；不受限制的；不受束缚的；自由的

unhand /ʌnˈhænd/ v. tr. literary or joc. [文学用语] [诙]  1  take one's hands off (a person) 把手从(某人)身上移开；对(某人)放手 2  release from one's grasp 放开；释放；使自由

unhandsome /ʌnˈhæns(ə)m/ adj.  not handsome 不好看的；不漂亮的；不英俊的；不得体的；不大方的，小气的，吝啬的

unhandy /ʌnˈhændi/ adj.  1  not easy to handle or manage; awkward 不易操纵的；难使用的；难处理的；使人不便的 2  not skilful in using the hands 手不灵巧的；笨拙的 □ unhandily  adv.  □ unhandiness  n.  

unhang /ʌnˈhæŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. unhung)  take down from a hanging position 取下(悬挂物)；从(挂物处)取下

unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ adj. (unhappier, unhappiest)  1  not happy, miserable 不幸福的；不愉快的；愁苦的；可怜的；悲惨的 2  unsuccessful, unfortunate 不成功的；令人遗憾的 3  causing misfortune 不幸的 4  disastrous 灾难性的 5  inauspicious 不祥的 □ unhappily  adv.  □ unhappiness  n.  

unharbour /ʌnˈhɑ:bə/ v. tr. Brit.  dislodge (a deer) from a covert [英]将(鹿)从隐蔽处逐出

unharmed /ʌnˈhɑ:md/ adj.  not harmed 未受损害的；未受危害的；未受伤害的；完好的；完整无缺的；无恙的，平安的

unharmful /ʌnˈhɑ:mfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not harmful 无害的；不致伤的

unharmonious /ʌnhɑ:ˈməʊniəs/ adj.  not harmonious 不和谐的；不协调的；不和睦的；冲突的

unharness /ʌnˈhɑ:nis/ v. tr.  remove a harness from 卸下马具；脱下(或解除)套具

unhasp /ʌnˈhɑ:sp/ v. tr.  free from a hasp or catch; unfasten 解开…的搭扣；打开

unhatched /ʌnˈhætʃt/ adj. (of an egg etc.) not hatched (指鸡蛋等)未孵的；未孵出的

unhealed /ʌnˈhi:ld/ adj.  not yet healed 未治愈的；未康复的

unhealthful /ʌnˈhelθfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  harmful to health, unwholesome 对身体有害的，不利于健康的；不卫生的 □ unhealthfulness  n.  

unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ adj. (unhealthier, unhealthiest)  1  not in good health 不健康的；有病的 2  a (of a place etc.) harmful to health (指场所等)对身体有害的b  unwholesome 不利于健康的；不卫生的c slang  dangerous to life [俚语]危及生命的；危险的；冒险的 □ unhealthily  adv.  □ unhealthiness  n.  

unheard /ʌnˈhɜ:d/ adj.  1  not heard 没有被听到的；不予倾听的，不予考虑的；未予审讯的 2 (usu. 通常作 unheard-of)  unprecedented, unknown 前所未闻的；无前例的；空前的；不为人所知的；不著名的

unheated /ʌnˈhi:tid/ adj.  not heated 未加热的；不热的

unhedged /ʌnˈhedʒd/ adj.  1  not bounded by a hedge 未用树篱围住的 2 (of a speculative investment) not hedged (指投机性投资)未套期保值的

unheeded /ʌnˈhi:did/ adj.  not heeded; disregarded 未被注意的；被忽视的

unheedful /ʌnˈhi:dfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  heedless; taking no notice 不留心的，不注意的；玩忽的

unheeding /ʌnˈhi:diŋ/ adj.  not giving heed; heedless 不留心的，不注意的，不在意的 □ unheedingly  adv.  

unhelpful /ʌnˈhelpfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not helpful 不予帮助的；不予合作的；不起帮助作用的，无帮助的；无用的，无益的 □ unhelpfully  adv.  □ unhelpfulness  n.  

unheralded /ʌnˈher(ə)ldid/ adj.  not heralded; unannounced 未事先宣告(公布)的；意料之外的；未预见到的

unheroic /ʌnhiˈrəʊik/ adj.  not heroic 不英勇的；胆怯的；给人印象不深的 □ unheroically  adv.  

unhesitating /ʌnˈheziteitiŋ/ adj.  without hesitation 不犹豫的，不踌躇的；不动摇的；坚定的 □ unhesitatingly  adv.  □ unhesitatingness  n.  

unhindered /ʌnˈhindəd/ adj.  not hindered 不被阻碍的；不受妨碍的

unhinge /ʌnˈhin(d)ʒ/ v. tr.  1  take (a door etc.) off its hinges 把…从铰链上取下；把铰链从(门等)上拆下 2 (esp. as 尤作 unhinged adj.)  unsettle or disorder (a person's mind etc.), make (a person) crazy 使(人或思想等)失去平衡；使错乱；使失常

unhistoric /ʌnhiˈstɒrik/ adj.  not historic or historical 历史上不著名的；历史上不重要的；无重大历史意义的；无历史根据的；不符合历史的

unhistorical /ʌnhiˈstɒrik(ə)l/ adj.  not historical 非历史的；无历史根据的；不符合历史的；非实际发生过的；不了解历史事实的 □ unhistorically  adv.  

unhitch /ʌnˈhitʃ/ v. tr.  1  release from a hitched state 解下，解开…的套具 2  unhook, unfasten 解开；放松；拆卸

unholy /ʌnˈhəʊli/ adj. (unholier, unholiest)  1  impious, profane, wicked 不虔诚的；亵渎的；邪恶的；有罪的 2 colloq.  dreadful, outrageous [口]可怕的；令人不能容忍的；令人憎恶的  made an unholy row about it  就此事大吵大闹 3  not holy 不神圣的 □ unholiness  n.   [Old English unhɑˉlig (as UN-1, HOLY)]

unhonoured /ʌnˈɒnəd/ adj.  not honoured 不受尊敬的；不受尊重的；无名誉的；无名望的

unhood /ʌnˈhʊd/ v. tr.  remove the hood from (a falcon, horse, captive, etc.) 除去(猎鹰、马、俘虏等的)头罩(头巾或遮盖物)

unhook /ʌnˈhʊk/ v. tr.  1  remove from a hook or hooks 把…从钩上取下 2  unfasten by releasing a hook or hooks 解开…的钩子

unhoped /ʌnˈhəʊpt/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 for)  not hoped for or expected 没有预料到的；出乎意外的

unhorse /ʌnˈhɔ:s/ v. tr.  1  throw or drag from a horse 使从马背上摔下；把…抛(或拖)下马 2 (of a horse) throw (a rider) (指马)把(骑手)摔下 3  dislodge, overthrow 把…赶下台；推翻；击败

unhouse /ʌnˈhaʊz/ v. tr.  deprive of shelter; turn out of a house 把…逐出屋外；不给…房子住；不收容；使无家可归

unhuman /ʌnˈhju:mən/ adj.  1  not human 非人类的；无人类属性的 2  superhuman 超人的 3  inhuman, brutal 无人性的；野蛮的；残忍的

unhung1 /ʌnˈhʌŋ/ adj.  1  not (yet) executed by hanging 非(未)吊死的，非(未)绞死的 2  not hung up (for exhibition) 非(未)悬挂(展示)的，非(未)吊着的

unhung2 past and past part.  of UNHANG 

unhurried /ʌnˈhʌrid/ adj.  not hurried 从容不迫的；不慌不忙的；悠闲的 □ unhurriedly  adv.  

unhurt /ʌnˈhɜ:t/ adj.  not hurt 没有受伤的；未受危害的

unhusk /ʌnˈhʌsk/ v. tr.  remove a husk or shell from 剥去…的外皮(或壳、荚)

unhygienic /ʌnhaiˈdʒi:nik/ adj.  not hygienic 不健康的；不卫生的 □ unhygienically  adv.  

unhyphenated /ʌnˈhaifəneitid/ adj.  not hyphenated 不用连字符连接(书写)的

uni /ˈju:ni/ n. (pl. unis) esp. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a university [尤澳新口] (综合)大学 [abbreviation]

uni- /ˈju:ni/ comb. form  one; having or consisting of one [构词成分]表示“单”，“一” [Latin from unus ‘one’]

Uniate /ˈju:nieit/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to any community of Christians in E. Europe or the Near East that acknowledges papal supremacy but retains its own liturgy etc. 东仪天主教会(信徒)的 ●n.  a member of such a community 东仪天主教会的信徒 [Russian uniyat from uniya, from Latin unio UNION]

uniaxial /ju:niˈæksiəl/ adj.  having a single axis (有)单轴的 □ uniaxially  adv.  

unicameral /ju:niˈkæm(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  with a single legislative chamber (指议会)一院(制)的，单院的 [UNI- + Latin camera ‘chamber’]

UNICEF /ˈju:nisef/ abbr.  United Nations Children's (originally International Children's Emergency) Fund [缩略]联合国儿童基金会(原名 International Children's Emergency Fund)

unicellular /ju:niˈseljʊlə/ adj. (of an organism, organ, tissue, etc.) consisting of a single cell (指有机体、器官、组织等)单细胞(组成)的

unicolour /ˈju:nikʌlə/ adj. (also 亦作 unicoloured) (US [美] -color, -colored)  of one colour 单色的

unicorn /ˈju:nikɔ:n/ n.  1  a  a fabulous animal usually represented as a horse with a single straight horn projecting from its forehead (指传说中常常描述为形状像马，前额上长有一只独角的动物)独角兽b  a heraldic representation of this, with a twisted horn, a deer's feet, a goat's beard, and a lion's tail 独角兽纹章(独角兽长着弯角、鹿蹄、山羊胡子和狮子尾巴) 2  a  a pair of horses and a third horse in front 一匹在前两匹并列在后的一组马b  an equipage with these 一匹在前两匹并列在后的一组马拉的马车 [Middle English via Old French unicorne from Latin unicornis, from UNI- + cornu ‘horn’, translation of Greek monocerōs]

unicuspid /ju:niˈkʌspid/ adj. & n. ●adj.  with one cusp 单尖的 ●n.  a unicuspid tooth 单尖牙

unicycle /ˈju:nisaik(ə)l/ n.  a single-wheeled cycle, esp. as used by acrobats (尤指杂技演员用的)独轮脚踏车 □ unicyclist  n.  

unidea'd /ʌnaiˈdiəd/ adj.  having no ideas 没有主意的；没有想像力的；愚钝的

unideal /ʌnaiˈdiəl, -ˈdi:əl/ adj.  not ideal 不空想的；现实的；普通的；无理想的；非唯心的

unidentifiable /ʌnaiˈdentifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be identified 无法辨认的；无法识别的；无法鉴定的；无法证明是同一的

unidentified /ʌnaiˈdentifaid/ adj.  not identified 未被认出的；未被识别的；身份不明的；不愿透露姓名(或名称)的

unidimensional /ˌju:nidaiˈmenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  having (only) one dimension 一维的，一度的；仅为一个方面的；只涉及一个方面的

unidirectional /ˌju:nidiˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l, ˌju:nidai-/ adj.  having only one direction of motion, operation, etc. (运动、行动等)单向(性)的 □ unidirectionality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ unidirectionally  adv.  

unification /ˌju:nifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the act or an instance of unifying; the state of being unified 合一；联合；统一；一致 □ unificatory  adj.  

Unification Church n.  a religious organization founded in 1954 in Korea by Sun Myung Moon (cf. 参见 MOONIE) 统一教团 (1954 年由文鲜明成立于韩国的宗教组织)

unified field theory n. Physics  a theory that seeks to explain all the field phenomena (e.g. gravitation and electromagnetism: see 见 FIELD n. 9) formerly treated by separate theories 【物理学】统一场论(尝试解释所有的场现象，如万有引力、电磁)

uniflow /ˈju:nifləʊ/ adj.  involving flow (esp. of steam or waste gases) in one direction only (尤指蒸汽、废气等)单向流动的

uniform /ˈju:nifɔ:m/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  not changing in form or character; the same, unvarying (形式或特征)无变化的；相同的；一贯的；不变的  present a uniform appearance  呈现相同的外表 all of uniform size and shape  大小和形状都一样 2  conforming to the same standard, rules, or pattern 符合同样标准(规则或格式)的；清一色的；统一标准的 3  constant in the course of time 均匀的；均速的  uniform acceleration  匀加速度 4 (of a tax, law, etc.) not varying with time or place (指税收、法律等)划一的，统一的，不因时间或地方而改变的 ●n.  uniform distinctive clothing worn by members of the same body, e.g. by soldiers, police, and schoolchildren (指由同一团体如军人、警察、学生等穿着的)特种衣服(或服式)；制服 ●v. tr.  1  clothe in uniform 使穿制服；为…提供制服  a uniformed officer  穿制服的军官 2  make uniform 使成一样，使一律化；使一致 □ uniformly  adv.   [French uniforme or Latin uniformis (as UNI-, FORM)]

uniformitarian /ˌju:nifɔ:miˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of the theory that geological processes are always due to continuously and uniformly operating forces 均变论的 ●n.  a holder of this theory 均变论者 □ uniformitarianism  n.  

uniformity /ju:niˈfɔ:miti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  being uniform; sameness, consistency 相同(性)；不变(性)；统一(性)；一致(性)；同质；均匀(性) 2  an instance of this 清一色的东西 [Middle English from Old French uniformité or Late Latin uniformitas (as UNIFORM)]

unify /ˈju:nifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (also absol. [亦含宾])  reduce to unity or uniformity 使成一体；使联合；统一 □ unifier  n.   [French unifier or Late Latin unificare (as UNI-, -FY)]

unilateral /ju:niˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  performed by or affecting only one person or party 一方的，单边的；一人(或一方)承担(或做)的  unilateral disarmament  单方面裁军 unilateral declaration of independence  单方面宣告独立 2  one-sided 只考虑一方面的；片面的 3 (of the parking of vehicles) restricted to one side of the street (指停车)仅限于街道一边的，单边的 4 (of leaves) all on the same side of the stem (指叶)单侧的 5 (of a line of descent) through ancestors of one sex only (指血统)单系(父系或母系)的 □ unilaterally  adv.  

unilateralism /ju:niˈlæt(ə)r(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  unilateral disarmament 单方面裁军(的实行) 2 US  the pursuit of a foreign policy without allies [美]单边外交政策(的实行) □ unilateralist  n. & adj.  

unilingual /ju:niˈliŋɡw(ə)l/ adj.  of or in only one language 使用(或说)一种语言的，单语的 □ unilingually  adv.  

uniliteral /ju:niˈlit(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  consisting of one letter 只有一个字母的；由一个字母组成的

unilluminated /ʌniˈlu:mineitid, ʌniˈlju:-/ adj.  not illuminated 未被照亮的；无光的，暗的；无知的；愚昧的

unillustrated /ʌnˈiləstreitid/ adj. (esp. of a book) without illustrations (尤指书)无插图的；无例证的；无图解的

unilocular /ju:niˈlɒkjʊlə/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  single-chambered 【植】【动】单房的，单室的

unimaginable /ʌniˈmædʒinəb(ə)l/ adj.  impossible to imagine 不能想像的；想不到的；难以理解的；不可思议的 □ unimaginably  adv.  

unimaginative /ʌniˈmædʒinətiv/ adj.  lacking imagination; stolid, dull 缺乏想像力(或创造力)的；刻板的；感觉迟钝的；乏味的 □ unimaginatively  adv.  □ unimaginativeness  n.  

unimpaired /ʌnimˈpɛəd/ adj.  not impaired 未受损的；未削弱的；未减少的

unimpassioned /ʌnimˈpæʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  not impassioned 没有激情的；不感情用事的；平静的

unimpeachable /ʌnimˈpi:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  giving no opportunity for censure; beyond reproach or question 无懈可击的，无可指责的；无可怀疑的；完全可靠的 □ unimpeachably  adv.  

unimpeded /ʌnimˈpi:did/ adj.  not impeded 未受阻止的；未受妨碍的 □ unimpededly  adv.  

unimportance /ʌnimˈpɔ:t(ə)ns/ n.  lack of importance 不重要；无意义；无足轻重；无价值

unimportant /ʌnimˈpɔ:t(ə)nt/ adj.  not important 不重要的；无意义的；微不足道的

unimposing /ʌnimˈpəʊziŋ/ adj.  unimpressive 给人印象不深的；不壮观的；不令人起敬的；没有威信的；不动人的 □ unimposingly  adv.  

unimpressed /ʌnimˈprest/ adj.  not impressed 无印记的；没有留下深刻印象的；未受感动的

unimpressionable /ʌnimˈpreʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  not impressionable 不易受感动的；不易受影响的；无情的；坚强的

unimpressive /ʌnimˈpresiv/ adj.  not impressive 给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的；平常的 □ unimpressively  adv.  □ unimpressiveness  n.  

unimproved /ʌnimˈpru:vd/ adj.  1  not made better 未经改进的，未经改善的；未经改良的 2  not made use of 未被利用的 3 (of land) not used for agriculture or building; not developed (指土地)未经开发利用的；未经耕作的；未用于建筑的；荒废着的

unincorporated /ʌninˈkɔ:pəreitid/ adj.  1  not incorporated or united 未合并的；未联合的；未并入的；未成为组成部分的；未被包括在内的 2  not formed into a corporation 无法人地位的；未组成法人团体(或公司)的

uninfected /ʌninˈfektid/ adj.  not infected 未被感染的

uninflamed /ʌninˈfleimd/ adj.  not inflamed 未燃烧的；未发炎的；未红肿的

uninflammable /ʌninˈflæməb(ə)l/ adj.  not inflammable 不易燃的；不可燃的；不易激动的；不易激怒的；性情不暴躁的

uninflected /ʌninˈflektid/ adj.  1 Gram. (of a language) not having inflections 【语法】(指语言)无屈折变化的 2  not changing or varying 不变的；无变化的 3  not bent or deflected 不弯曲的；未偏离的

uninfluenced /ʌnˈinflʊənst/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 by)  not influenced 不受影响的；不为他人(或外物)所动的；无偏见的

uninfluential /ˌʌninflʊˈenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  having little or no influence 没有影响(力)的

uninformative /ʌninˈfɔ:mətiv/ adj.  not informative; giving little information 不提供信息(或资料)的；不增进知识的；不增长见闻的

uninformed /ʌninˈfɔ:md/ adj.  1  not informed or instructed 未被通知(或告知)的；不了解情况的；无情报(或资料)根据的；未得到指导的 2  ignorant, uneducated 无知的；未受教育的

uninhabitable /ʌninˈhæbitəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be inhabited 不能居住的；不适于居住的 □ uninhabitableness  n.  

uninhabited /ʌninˈhæbitid/ adj.  not inhabited 无人居住的；杳无人迹的

uninhibited /ʌninˈhibitid/ adj.  not inhibited 不受抑制的；不受约束的；无拘无束的；任意的 □ uninhibitedly  adv.  □ uninhibitedness  n.  

uninitiated /ʌniˈniʃieitid/ adj.  not initiated; not admitted or instructed 未发起的；未被接纳入会的；外行的；缺乏某种特定知识和经验的；不知内情的

uninjured /ʌnˈindʒəd/ adj.  not injured 未受伤害的；未受损害的

uninspired /ʌninˈspaiəd/ adj.  1  not inspired 未赋予灵感的；缺乏创见(或创举)的 2 (of oratory etc.) commonplace (指演讲术)单调乏味的；没有生气的

uninspiring /ʌninˈspaiəriŋ/ adj.  not inspiring 不能启发灵感的；不鼓舞人心的；引不起兴趣的；不振奋精神的 □ uninspiringly  adv.  

uninstructed /ʌninˈstrʌktid/ adj.  not instructed or informed 未受过教育的；缺乏教养的；无知的；未得到通知的；未得到指示(或命令、指导)的

uninsulated /ʌnˈinsjʊleitid/ adj.  not insulated 未绝缘的；未隔音(或隔热)的

uninsurable /ʌninˈʃʊərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be insured 不可予以保险的

uninsured /ʌninˈʃʊəd/ adj.  not insured 未保险的

unintelligent /ʌninˈtelidʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  not intelligent 缺乏才智的；愚钝的；无知的；没有智力(或智能)的 □ unintelligently  adv.  

unintelligible /ʌninˈtelidʒib(ə)l/ adj.  not intelligible 不可理解的；难以理解的；晦涩难懂的 □ unintelligibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unintelligibleness  n.  □ unintelligibly  adv.  

unintended /ʌninˈtendid/ adj.  not intended 非计划中的；非拟议中的；没有打算的；非预期的

unintentional /ʌninˈtenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not intentional 不是故意的，不是存心的，无心的；无意识的 □ unintentionally  adv.  

uninterested /ʌnˈint(ə)ristid/ adj.  1  not interested 不感兴趣的 2  unconcerned, indifferent 无利害关系的；不关心的；不注意的；漠然的 □ uninterestedly  adv.  □ uninterestedness  n.  

uninteresting /ʌnˈint(ə)ristiŋ/ adj.  not interesting 无趣味的；引不起兴趣的；乏味的；令人厌烦的 □ uninterestingly  adv.  □ uninterestingness  n.  

uninterpretable /ʌninˈtɜ:pritəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be interpreted 无法解释的，无法说明的；无法翻译的

uninterrupted /ˌʌnintəˈrʌptid/ adj.  not interrupted 不中断的；连续不断的；未受干扰的；不受阻挡的 □ uninterruptedly  adv.  □ uninterruptedness  n.  

uninterruptible /ˌʌnintəˈrʌptib(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be interrupted 不能中断的；无法中断的；不能干扰的

uninucleate /ju:niˈnju:klieit, -iət/ adj. Biol.  having a single nucleus 【生】单核的

uninventive /ʌninˈventiv/ adj.  not inventive 非发明(或创造)的；无发明(或创造)才能的 □ uninventively  adv.  □ uninventiveness  n.  

uninvestigated /ʌninˈvestiɡeitid/ adj.  not investigated 未予调查的；未作调查研究的

uninvited /ʌninˈvaitid/ adj.  not invited 未被邀请的 □ uninvitedly  adv.  

uninviting /ʌninˈvaitiŋ/ adj.  not inviting, unattractive, repellent 不吸引人的；不诱人的；讨人厌的 □ uninvitingly  adv.  

uninvoked /ʌninˈvəʊkt/ adj.  not invoked 未被祈求的；未被恳求的

uninvolved /ʌninˈvɒlvd/ adj.  not involved 未被卷入的；不复杂的；简单的

union /ˈju:njən, -iən/ n.  1  a  the act or an instance of uniting; the state of being united 连接；结合b (作 the Union) hist.  the uniting of the English and Scottish crowns in 1603, of the English and Scottish parliaments in 1707, or of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 [史义] 1603 年英格兰和苏格兰王国政府的合并； 1707 年英格兰和苏格兰国会的合并； 1801 年大不列颠和爱尔兰的合并 2  a  a whole resulting from the combination of parts or members 联合；合并b (often 常作 Union)  a political unit formed in this way, esp. the US, the UK, or South Africa (尤指美国、英国、南非的)联邦；联盟c (作 the Union) US hist.  the body of northern states in the American Civil War [美史义] (指美国内战期间)北方各州联盟 3  = TRADE UNION  4  marriage, matrimony 结婚；婚姻 5  concord, agreement 和谐；一致；融洽  lived together in perfect union  非常和睦地生活在一起 6 (作 Union) (in the UK) (英国)a  a general social club and debating society at some universities and colleges (大学的)学生会；俱乐部；会社；辩论会b  the buildings or accommodation of such a society (大学的)俱乐部(或会社)的会馆 7 Math.  the totality of the members of two or more sets 【数】并集；并集的数学(或逻辑)运算 8 Brit. hist. [英史义]  a  two or more parishes consolidated for the administration of the poor laws 教区间联合济贫组织b (in full 全称 union workhouse)  a workhouse erected by this 教区间联合济贫院 9 Brit.  an association of independent (esp. Congregational or Baptist) Churches for purposes of cooperation [英] (尤指公理会或浸礼会等独立教会为合作组建的)教会同盟，联合教会 10  a part of a flag with a device emblematic of union, normally occupying the upper corner next to the staff 国旗上象征统一的图案(常位于旗的内上角) 11  a joint or coupling for pipes etc. 联管节；联轴节 12  a fabric of mixed materials, e.g. cotton with linen or silk (如棉和麻或丝的)交织织物；混纺织物 [Middle English via Old French union or ecclesiastical Latin unio ‘unity’ from Latin unus ‘one’]

union-bashing n. Brit. colloq.  active opposition to trade unions and their rights [英口]反工会运动

union catalogue n.  a catalogue of the combined holdings of several libraries (指几个图书馆的)联合图书目录

union down adv. (of the hoisting of a flag) with the union below as a signal of distress or mourning (指旗)倒挂着(表示遇险或哀悼信号)

Union flag n.  the national ensign of the United Kingdom formed by the union of the crosses of St George, St Andrew, and St Patrick 联合王国国旗，英国国旗(由象征圣乔治、圣安德鲁和圣帕特里克的十字交叉形成米字形)

unionist /ˈju:njənist, -iən-/ n.  1  a  a member of a trade union 工会会员b  an advocate of trade unions 工会主义者；工联主义者 2 (usu. 通常作 Unionist)  an advocate of union, esp. 提倡统一和联合的人，尤指 :a  a person opposed to the rupture of the parliamentary union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland (formerly between Great Britain and Ireland) 反对大不列颠和(北)爱尔兰合并议会分裂的人b  a member of a political party having these aims (指北爱尔兰的)统一党党员(或支持者)c hist.  a person who opposed secession during the American Civil War [史义] (指美国内战时期的)联邦主义者 □ unionism  n.  □ unionistic  /-ˈnistik/ adj.  

unionize /ˈju:njənaiz, -iən-/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  bring or come under trade-union organization or rules 把…组织成工会；使加入工会；使遵照工会规章(或准则) □ unionization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

un-ionized /ʌnˈaiənaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not ionized 未电离的，未离子化的

Union Jack n.  1  = UNION FLAG  2 (作 union jack) (in the US) a jack consisting of the union from the national flag (美国) (指标志国籍的)船首旗

union shop n.  a shop, factory, trade, etc., in which employees must belong to a trade union or join one within an agreed time 雇员必须隶属于工会的商店(或工厂、行业等)；工人必须限期加入工会的商店(或工厂、行业等)

union suit n. N. Amer.  a single undergarment for the body and legs; combinations [北美]连衫裤(指衬衣和衬裤连在一起的男式内衣)

union workhouse  see 见 UNION 8b 

uniparous /ju:ˈnip(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  producing one offspring at a birth 每次只产一仔的，一胎一仔的，单胎的 2 Bot.  having one axis or branch 【植】单茎轴的；单出分枝的

uniped /ˈju:niped/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person having only one foot or leg 单足的人；独腿的人 ●adj.  one-footed, one-legged 单足的；独腿的 [UNI- + pes pedis ‘foot’]

unipersonal /ju:niˈpɜ:s(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. (of the Deity) existing only as one person (指神)以一人形式单独存在的

uniplanar /ju:niˈpleinə/ adj.  lying in one plane 单平面的；单面延展的；同平面的

unipod /ˈju:nipɒd/ n.  a one-legged support for a camera etc. (指照相机等的)独脚架；独脚凳 [UNI-, on the pattern of TRIPOD]

unipolar /ju:niˈpəʊlə/ adj.  1 (esp. of an electric or magnetic apparatus) showing only one kind of polarity (尤指电气设备或磁力装置)单极的 2 Biol. (of a nerve cell etc.) having only one axon or process 【生】(指神经细胞等)单极的，单突的 □ unipolarity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  

unique /ju:ˈni:k/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of which there is only one; unequalled; having no like, equal, or parallel 独一无二的；独特的；无与伦比的，无可匹敌的；惟一的；仅有的  his position was unique  他的地位独一无二 this vase is considered unique  这个花瓶很独特 2 disp.  unusual, remarkable [异议]极不寻常的；极好的  a unique opportunity  千载难逢的机会 ●n.  a unique thing or person 独一无二的人(或事物) □ uniquely  adv.  □ uniqueness  n.   [French from Latin unicus, from unus ‘one’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 1, unique should not be qualified by adverbs such as absolutely, most, and quite because it is an absolute concept. The use of unique in sense 2 is regarded as incorrect by some people. 在释义 1 中，由于 unique 是一个绝对概念，故不应由 absolutely 、 most 和 quite 等副词修饰。而对于释义 2 unique 的用法，有人认为是不正确的。 

unironed /ʌnˈaiənd/ adj. (esp. of clothing, linen, etc.) not ironed (尤指衣服、亚麻布等)未经熨烫的

uniserial /ju:niˈsiəriəl/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  arranged in one row 【植】【动】单列的，单排的，单系列的

unisex /ˈju:niseks/ adj. (of clothing, hairstyles, etc.) designed to be suitable for both sexes (指服装、发式等)不分男女的；男女皆宜的

unisexual /ju:niˈseksjʊəl, -ʃʊəl/ adj.  1  a  of one sex 单性的；只限于一种性别的b Bot.  having stamens or pistils but not both 【植】雌雄异花的 2  unisex 不分男女的；男女皆宜的 □ unisexuality  /-ʊˈæliti/ n.  □ unisexually  adv.  

UNISON /ˈju:nis(ə)n/ n. (in the UK) a trade union formed in 1993 from an amalgamation of COHSE, NALGO, and NUPE (英国)1993 年由 COHSE (医务工作者联合会)、 NALGO (全国地方政府公务员协会)和 NUPE (全国公务员联合会)合并而成的一个工会

unison /ˈju:nis(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Mus. 【音】  a  coincidence in pitch of sounds or notes 同音b  this regarded as an interval 同度 2 Mus.  a combination of voices or instruments at the same pitch or at pitches differing by one or more octaves 【音】齐唱；齐奏  sang in unison  齐声歌唱 3  agreement, concord 和谐，一致  acted in perfect unison  一致行动 ●adj. Mus.  coinciding in pitch 【音】同度的，同音的 □ unisonant  /jʊˈnis(ə)nənt/ adj.  □ unisonous  /jʊˈnis(ə)nəs/ adj.   [Old French unison or Late Latin unisonus (as UNI-, sonus SOUND1)]

unison string n.  a string tuned in unison with another string and meant to be sounded with it 同度弦

unissued /ʌnˈiʃ(j)u:d, ʌnˈisju:d/ adj.  not issued 未发行的

unit /ˈju:nit/ n.  1  a  an individual thing, person, or group regarded as single and complete, esp. for purposes of calculation (尤指用于计数的单个物、人、群体等)单位；单元b  each of the separate individuals or smallest groups into which a complex whole may be analysed (指构成整体的每个个体或最小组成部分)单位；单元  the family as the unit of society  家庭是构成社会的单位 2  a quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other quantities may be expressed (指作为计量标准的)单位  unit of heat  热量单位 SI unit  国际单位 mass per unit volume  单位体积的质量 3 Brit.  the smallest share in a unit trust [英]股份单位(指单位信托投资公司的最小股份) 4  a device with a specified function forming part of a complex mechanism (指机械等的)部件，元件，组件，构件；装置，组 5  a piece of furniture for fitting with others like it or made of complementary parts (指家具等配套用的)组合件；设备 6  a group with a special function in an organization (指组织机构中具有特殊职能的组成部分)小队，分队，部队；部队单位 7  a group of buildings, wards, etc., in a hospital (指医院的)楼区；病区(等) 8  the number ‘one’ 一 [Latin unus, probably suggested by DIGIT]

Unitarian /ju:niˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who believes that God is not a Trinity but one person (指认为上帝不是三位一体而是一位的)一神论者，一位论派 2  a member of a religious body maintaining this and advocating freedom from formal dogma or doctrine 一神论的基督教教徒，一位论派的基督教教徒 ●adj.  of or relating to the Unitarians 一神论的，一位论派的；一位论派教义的 □ Unitarianism  n.   [modern Latin unitarius from Latin unitas UNITY]

unitary /ˈju:nit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of a unit or units 单位的；单元的；单一的；个体的；整体的；一致的；不分的；不可分的；单独的 2  marked by unity or uniformity 统一的；一元化的 □ unitarily  adv.  □ unitarity  /-ˈtæriti/ n.  

unit cell n. Crystallog.  the smallest repeating group of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal 【晶】晶胞

unit cost n.  the cost of producing one item of manufacture 单位成本

unite /ju:ˈnait/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  join together; make or become one; combine 使接合；使成为一体 2 tr. & intr.  join together for a common purpose or action (为了共同的目的或行动)团结(联合或统一)起来  united in their struggle against injustice  他们联合起来反对不公 3 tr. & intr.  join in marriage 使结合；使结婚 4 tr.  possess (qualities, features, etc.) in combination 兼备；同时具有(性质、特征等)  united anger with mercy  又气又怜 5 intr. & tr.  form or cause to form a physical or chemical whole (使)混合；(使)黏合  oil will not unite with water  油水不相融 □ unitedly  adv.  □ unitive  /ˈju:nitiv/ adj.  □ unitively  /ˈju:nitivli/ adv.   [Middle English from Latin unire unit-, from unus ‘one’]

United Arab Emirates   阿拉伯联合酋长国

United Brethren n. pl. Eccl.  the Moravians 【教会】联合弟兄会(基督教摩拉维弟兄会的一支)

United Kingdom n.  Great Britain and Northern Ireland (until 1922, Great Britain and Ireland) 联合王国(即“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”， 1922 年前为“大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国”)

United Nations n. pl. (originally, in 1942) those united against the Axis powers in the Second World War; (later) a supranational peace-seeking organization of these and many other states 同盟国(最早源于 1942 年，指在第二次世界大战中与轴心国对抗的国家)；联合国(指二战后这些国家与许多其他国家为寻求世界和平而组建的一个超国家的组织)

United Provinces n. pl. hist. [史义]  1  the seven provinces united in 1579 and forming the basis of the republic of the Netherlands 尼德兰联邦(指 1579 年联合起来组成荷兰共和国基础的 7 个省份) 2  an Indian administrative division formed by the union of Agra and Oudh and called Uttar Pradesh since 1950 联合邦(指由阿格拉和奥德联合组成的印度行政区， 1950 年以来称为北方邦)

United Reformed Church n.  a Church formed in 1972 from the English Presbyterian and Congregational Churches 联合归正会 (1972 年由英格兰长老会和公理会合并而成的一个基督教会)

United States n. pl. (in full 全称 United States of America)  a federal republic of 50 states, mostly in N. America and including Alaska and Hawaii 美利坚合众国，美国(联邦共和国，由 50 个州组成，大部分位于北美，包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷)

United States of America   美利坚合众国

unitholder /ˈju:nithəʊldə/ n. Brit.  a person with a holding in a unit trust [英]单位信托证券持有者

unit-linked adj. (of a policy, personal equity plan, etc.) whose return is linked to the rise and fall of the price of units bought in a choice of investment funds (指保险单、个人股票投资计划等)与单位信托投资公司有联系的(指保险费和个人资金作为投资基金选择购买了单位信托投资公司股票，故与其价格涨落有联系)

unit price n.  the price charged for each unit of goods supplied 单价，单位价格

unit trust n. Brit.  an investment company investing combined contributions from many persons in various securities and paying them dividends in proportion to their holdings [英] (指将许多信托者的资金集中投资于各种证券，按信托者持有股比例分红的)单位信托投资公司

unity /ˈju:niti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  oneness; being one, single, or individual; being formed of parts that constitute a whole; due interconnection and coherence of parts 单一(性)，独一(性)，惟一(性)；联合；团结；统一(性)；一致(性)；一贯(性)；整体(性)  disturbs the unity of the idea  破坏了思想的完整性 the pictures lack unity  这些画缺乏整体效果 national unity  民族团结 2  harmony or concord between persons etc. 和睦，和谐，融洽，协调  lived together in unity  和睦地生活在一起 3  a thing forming a complex whole 完整的东西；统一体；整体；个体  a person regarded as a unity  被视为完整个体的人 4 Math.  the number ‘one’, the factor that leaves unchanged the quantity on which it operates 【数】(指数或数字)一；单位；单位元素，幺元 5 Theatr.  each of the three dramatic principles requiring limitation of the supposed time of a drama to that occupied in acting it or to a single day (unity of time), use of one scene throughout (unity of place), and concentration on the development of a single plot (unity of action) 【戏】三一律(指要求时间单一、地点单一、情节单一的戏剧原则) [Middle English via Old French unité from Latin unitas -tatis, from unus ‘one’]

Univ. abbr. [缩略]  University 

univalent adj. & n. ●adj.  1 /ju:niˈveil(ə)nt/ Chem. 【化】  = MONOVALENT  2 /ju:ˈnivəl(ə)nt/ Biol. (of a chromosome) remaining unpaired during meiosis 【生】(指染色体)单价的 ●n. /ju:ˈnivəl(ə)nt/ Biol.  a univalent chromosome 【生】单价体；单价染色体 [UNI- + valent-, pres. part. stem (as VALENCE1)]

univalve /ˈju:nivælv/ adj. & n. Zool. 【动】  ●adj.  having one valve or shell (有)单壳的 ●n.  a univalve mollusc, esp. a gastropod 单壳软体动物(尤指腹足纲软体动物)

universal /ju:niˈvɜ:s(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of, belonging to, or done etc. by all persons or things in the world or in the class concerned; applicable to all cases 全体的；共同的；影响全体的；万有的；普遍的；普通的，一般的  the feeling was universal  这种感情是普遍的 met with universal approval  全体一致通过 2 Logic (of a proposition) in which something is asserted of all of a class (opp. 反义 PARTICULAR adj. 5) 【逻辑学】(指命题)全称的；总称的 ●n.  1 Logic  a universal proposition 【逻辑学】全称命题 2 Philos. 【哲】  a  a term or concept of general application 共相；一般概念；一般；普遍b  a nature or essence signified by a general term 普遍特质；普遍性 □ universality  /-ˈsæliti/ n.  □ universalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ universalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ universally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French universal or Latin universalis (as UNIVERSE)]

universal agent n.  an agent empowered to do all that can be delegated 全权代理人

universal compass n.  a pair of compasses with legs that may be extended for large circles 万能圆规

universal donor n.  a person of blood group O, who can in theory donate blood to recipients of any ABO blood group 普适供血者，万能供血者(指具有 O 型血的人，理论上可以向任何 ABO 血型的人输血)

universalist /ju:niˈvɜ:s(ə)list/ n. Theol. 【神】  1  a person who holds that all mankind will eventually be saved (指基督教)普救论者 2  a member of an organized body of Christians who hold this 普救派教徒 □ universalism  n.  □ universalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

universalize /ju:niˈvɜ:s(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  apply universally; give a universal character to 使普遍化；使一般化 2  bring into universal use; make available for all 使通用化 □ universalizability  /-zəˈbiliti/ n.  □ universalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

universal joint n. (also 亦作 universal coupling)  a coupling or joint which can transmit rotary power by a shaft at any selected angle 万向接头，万向(联轴)节

universal language n.  an artificial language intended for use by all nations (世界)通用语言

universal recipient n.  a person of blood group AB, who can in theory receive donated blood of any ABO blood group 普适受血者，万能受血者(指具有 AB 型血的人，理论上可以接受任何 ABO 血型的人的输血)

universal suffrage n.  a suffrage extending to all adults with minor exceptions 普选权

Universal Time n. (also 亦作 Universal Time Coordinated)  = GREENWICH MEAN TIME(abbr. 缩略 : UT) Also called 亦称作 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC 

universe /ˈju:nivɜ:s/ n.  1  all existing things; the whole creation; the cosmos 宇宙；天地万物；万象 2  all humankind 全人类 3 Statistics & Logic  all the objects under consideration 【统计学】【逻辑学】总体，母体；论域，全域 [French univers from Latin universum, neut. of universus ‘combined into one, whole’, from UNI- + versus, past part. of vertere ‘turn’]

universe of discourse n. Logic 【逻辑学】  = UNIVERSE 3 

university /ju:niˈvɜ:siti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an educational institution designed for instruction, examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning, conferring degrees in various faculties, and often embodying colleges and similar institutions (综合性)大学 2  the members of this collectively 大学人员(包括学生、教职员工) 3 Brit.  a team, crew, etc., representing a university [英]大学代表队 □ at university  esp. Brit.  studying at a university [尤英]上大学 [Middle English via Old French université from Latin universitas -tatis ‘the whole’ (world), in Late Latin ‘college, guild’ (as UNIVERSE)]

univocal /ju:niˈvəʊk(ə)l, ju:ˈnivək(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a word etc.) having only one proper meaning (指词等)只有一个意义的，单义的；只有一种解释的；无歧义的 ●n.  a univocal word 单义词 □ univocality  /ˌju:nivə(ʊ)ˈkæliti/ n.  □ univocally  adv.  

Unix /ˈju:niks/ n. Computing propr.  a multi-user operating system 【计算】[商标] Unix 操作系统(一种多用户的计算机操作系统) [UNI- + respelling of -ICS, on the pattern of an earlier, less compact system called Multics]

unjoin /ʌnˈdʒɔin/ v. tr.  detach from being joined; separate 把…分开，拆散

unjoined /ʌnˈdʒɔind/ adj.  not joined 不连接的；未结合的；未加入的

unjoint /ʌnˈdʒɔint/ v. tr.  1  separate the joints of 使脱臼；使…的关节分离；使(关节)分离 2  disunite 使分离，拆开

unjust /ʌnˈdʒʌst/ adj.  not just, contrary to justice or fairness 非正义的；不合理的；不公正的；不公平的 □ unjustly  adv.  □ unjustness  n.  

unjustifiable /ʌnˈdʒʌstifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not justifiable 不能证明为正当的；无可辩解的；无道理的；错误的；无法接受的 □ unjustifiably  adv.  

unjustified /ʌnˈdʒʌstifaid/ adj.  not justified 未被证明为正当(或有理、正确)的；无法解释的；无法开脱的；错的

unkempt /ʌnˈkem(p)t/ adj.  1  untidy, of neglected appearance 未被收拾整齐的；不整洁的；凌乱的 2  uncombed, dishevelled 未梳理的；缠结的 □ unkemptly  adv.  □ unkemptness  n.   [UN-1 + archaic kempt, past part. of kemb ‘comb’, from Old English cemban]

unkept /ʌnˈkept/ adj.  1 (of a promise, law, etc.) not observed; disregarded (指诺言、法律等)未遵守的；未履行的；不理会的；不重视的 2  not tended; neglected 未被照管好的；被忽视的

unkillable /ʌnˈkiləb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be killed 无法被杀死的；杀不死的

unkind /ʌnˈkaind/ adj.  1  not kind 不仁慈的；不和蔼的；不友好的；不亲切的；不体贴的 2  harsh, cruel 严酷的；刻薄的；苛刻的 3  unpleasant 不宜人的；不温和的 □ unkindly  adv.  □ unkindness  n.  

unking /ʌnˈkiŋ/ v. tr.  1  deprive of the position of king; dethrone 使失去王位，废黜 2  deprive (a country) of a king 使(君主国)失去君王

unkink /ʌnˈkiŋk/ v.  1 tr.  remove the kinks from; straighten 除去…的纠结；使变直 2 intr.  lose kinks; become straight 松开；放松；变直

unknit /ʌnˈnit/ v. tr. (unknitted, unknitting)  separate (things joined, knotted, or interlocked) 解开，分开(联接、纠结在一起的东西)；拆散

unknot /ʌnˈnɒt/ v. tr. (unknotted, unknotting)  release the knot or knots of, untie 解(结)；解开…上的结

unknowable /ʌnˈnəʊəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that cannot be known 不可知的；不可认识的；超越人类理解力(或经验)的 ●n.  1  an unknowable thing 不可知的事物 2 (作 the Unknowable)  the postulated absolute or ultimate reality (指假想的)绝对实在，最高实在 □ unknowability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unknowing /ʌnˈnəʊiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not knowing; ignorant, unconscious 不知道的；无知的；没察觉的 ●n.  ignorance 不知；无知  cloud of unknowing  一头雾水，什么也不知道 □ unknowingly  adv.  □ unknowingness  n.  

unknown /ʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. & n. ●adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not known, unfamiliar 不为所知的，不了解的，未知的；不懂的，不理解的，未被认识的；不熟悉的，陌生的；不著名的  his purpose was unknown to me  我不知道他的目的 ●n.  1  an unknown thing or person 未知的人(或事物)；不出名的人(或事) 2  an unknown quantity 未知元，未知数，未知量  equation in two unknowns  二元方程式 □ unknown to   without the knowledge of 未被…知晓地，背着…  did it unknown to me  背着我做了这件事□ unknownness  /ʌnˈnəʊnnis/ n.  

unknown country  see 见 COUNTRY 

unknown quantity n.  a person or thing whose nature, significance, etc., cannot be determined (指不能确定其本性、本质、重要性等的)难预测的人(或事物)

Unknown Soldier n. (also 亦作 Unknown Warrior)  an unidentified representative member of a country's armed forces killed in war, given burial with special honours in a national memorial (指遗体被选来代表所有阵亡士兵接受国葬的)无名战士

unlabelled /ʌnˈleib(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] unlabeled)  not labelled; without a label 未加标签的；未用标签标明的

unlaboured /ʌnˈleibəd/ adj. (US [美] unlabored)  not laboured 不费劳力做成的；不费力的；未经耕作的

unlace /ʌnˈleis/ v. tr.  1  undo the lace or laces of 解开(或松开)…的带子 2  unfasten or loosen in this way 解开(带子)

unlade /ʌnˈleid/ v. tr.  1  take the cargo out of (a ship) (从船上)卸货 2  discharge (a cargo etc.) from a ship 从船上卸(货物等)

unladen /ʌnˈleid(ə)n/ adj.  not laden 没有装货的

unladen weight n.  the weight of a vehicle etc. when not loaded with goods etc. (指车辆等未载货时的)自重，无载重

unladylike /ʌnˈleidilaik/ adj.  not ladylike 不像贵妇人(或淑女)的；不适合贵妇人身份的；没有贵妇人(或淑女)风度的

unlaid1 /ʌnˈleid/ adj.  not laid 未放置好的

unlaid2 past and past part.  of UNLAY. 

unlamented /ʌnləˈmentid/ adj.  not lamented 不被悼念的；无人哀悼(或惋惜)的

unlash /ʌnˈlæʃ/ v. tr.  unfasten (a thing lashed down etc.) 解开，松开，放开(扎紧的东西等)

unlatch /ʌnˈlætʃ/ v.  1 tr.  release the latch of 开门闩(或拔插销)；拉开(门闩、插销等) 2 tr. & intr.  open or be opened in this way (门闩、插销等) (被)打开；拉开

unlawful /ʌnˈlɔ:fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not lawful; illegal, not permissible 不法的；非法的，违法的，犯法的；不允许的 □ unlawfully  adv.  □ unlawfulness  n.  

unlay /ʌnˈlei/ v. tr. (past and past part. unlaid) Naut.  untwist (a rope) 【海】解散(绳股)；解掉(绳结) [UN-2 + LAY1]

unleaded /ʌnˈledid/ adj.  1 (of petrol etc.) without added lead (指汽油等)无铅的，不含四乙基铅的 2  not covered, weighted, or framed with lead 不包铅的；不用铅来增加重量的；不加铅的 3 Printing  not spaced with leads 【印刷】(行间)不插铅条的

unlearn /ʌnˈlɜ:n/ v. tr. (past and past part. unlearned or unlearnt)  1  discard from one's memory 从记忆中抛掉；设法忘记 2  rid oneself of (a habit, false information, etc.) 使抛弃(或忘记) (习惯、错误知识等)

unlearned1 /ʌnˈlɜ:nd, -ˈlɜ:nid/ adj.  not well educated; untaught, ignorant 没文化的，未受良好教育的；无知的 □ unlearnedly  adv.  

unlearned2 /ʌnˈlɜ:nd/ adj. (also 亦作 unlearnt /-ˈlɜ:nt/)  that has not been learnt 未学过的；未掌握的

unleash /ʌnˈli:ʃ/ v. tr.  1  release from a leash or restraint 解开皮带或去掉限制 2  set free to engage in pursuit or attack 放开(去追或进攻)

unleavened /ʌnˈlev(ə)nd/ adj.  not leavened; made without yeast or other raising agent 未经发酵的；未用酵母或其他发酵剂的

unless /ʌnˈles/ conj.  if not; except when 除非，若不；除非在…的时候  shall go unless I hear from you  如果收不到你的信，我就去 always walked unless I had a bicycle  除非有辆自行车，要不我总是步行 [ON or IN + LESS, assimilated to UN-1]

unlettered /ʌnˈletəd/ adj.  1  illiterate 未受教育的，没文化的；文盲的，不识字的 2  not well educated 未受良好教育的

unliberated /ʌnˈlibəreitid/ adj.  not liberated 未被解放的

unlicensed /ʌnˈlais(ə)nst/ adj.  not licensed, esp. Brit. without a licence to sell alcoholic drink 没有执照的；未经许可的；[尤英]无售酒执照的

unlighted /ʌnˈlaitid/ adj.  1  not provided with light 未被照亮的 2  not set burning 未被点燃的

unlike /ʌnˈlaik/ adj. & prep. ●adj.  1  not like; different from 不像的；不相似的；相异的，和…不同的  is unlike both his parents  他不像父母 2  uncharacteristic of 非…的特点  such behaviour is unlike him  这样的行为举止不像是他 3  dissimilar, different 不同的 ●prep.  differently from 不像…，和…不同  acts quite unlike anyone else  行为举止和别人都不一样 □ unlikeness  n.   [perhaps from Old Norse úlíkr, Old English ungelic: see LIKE1]■Usage 用法说明 The use of unlike as a conjunction, e.g. She was behaving unlike she'd ever behaved before, is often condemned and is best avoided by using as instead. unlike 用作连词，如 She was behaving unlike she'd ever behaved before (她以前从未有过像这样的行为)时常常遭到非议，最好用 as 代替。 

unlikeable /ʌnˈlaikəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unlikable)  not easy to like; unpleasant 不令人喜爱的；使人不愉快的；讨厌的

unlikely /ʌnˈlaikli/ adj. (unlikelier, unlikeliest)  1  improbable 不大可能的  unlikely tale  不可能发生的故事 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  not to be expected to do something 不大可能(做某事)的；未必会发生的；不大可靠的  he's unlikely to be available  他不大可能有空 3  unpromising 不大会成功的；不大有希望的  an unlikely candidate  希望不大的候选人 □ unlikelihood  n.  □ unlikeliness  n.  

unlimber /ʌnˈlimbə/ v. tr.  1  free (a gun) from its limber ready for use 把(炮)从牵引车上卸下作好发射准备 2 esp. US  unpack or unfasten (something) ready for use [尤美]打开(或解开)…准备使用

unlimited /ʌnˈlimitid/ adj.  without limit; unrestricted; very great in number or quantity 无界限的；无边无际的；无限制的，无约束的；无数的；无限量的  has unlimited possibilities  有无数的可能性 an unlimited expanse of sea  浩瀚的大海 □ unlimitedly  adv.  □ unlimitedness  n.  

unlined1 /ʌnˈlaind/ adj.  1 (of paper etc.) without lines (指纸等)无线条的 2 (of a face etc.) without wrinkles (指脸等)无皱纹的

unlined2 /ʌnˈlaind/ adj. (of a garment etc.) without lining (指衣服等)无衬里的

unlink /ʌnˈliŋk/ v. tr.  1  undo the links of (a chain etc.) 拆开(链环等)；拆开…的链环 2  detach or set free by undoing or unfastening a link or chain 分开；释放

unliquidated /ʌnˈlikwideitid/ adj.  not liquidated 未清偿的；未结算的；未定的；未肃清的；未消灭的

unlisted /ʌnˈlistid/ adj.  not included in a published list, esp. of stock exchange prices or of telephone numbers (尤指股票价格)未列表公布的；(尤指电话号码)未列入电话簿的；(指股票)不上市的，场外交易的

unlit /ʌnˈlit/ adj.  not lit 未被点燃的；未被照亮的

unlivable /ʌnˈlivəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be lived or lived in 不宜于居住的；不可居住其中的

unlived-in /ʌnˈlivdin/ adj.  1  appearing to be uninhabited 似乎无人居住的 2  unused by the inhabitants (指居住者)未使用的

unload /ʌnˈləʊd/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  remove a load from (a vehicle etc.) 从(车辆等上)卸下货物 2  remove (a load) from a vehicle etc. 从车辆等上卸(货) 3  remove the charge from (a firearm etc.) 从(枪炮等)取出弹药 4 colloq.  get rid of [口]摆脱；除去 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 on) colloq. [口]  a  divulge (information) 泄露(情报)，泄密b (also absol. [亦含宾])  give vent to (feelings) 倾诉(感情)；发泄；吐露 □ unloader  n.  

unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. tr.  1  a  release the lock of (a door, box, etc.) 开(门、箱子等的)锁b  release or disclose by unlocking 开启；使分开；释放；放出 2  release thoughts, feelings, etc., from (one's mind etc.) 表露(内心等的)思想、感情等；吐露(心扉)

unlocked /ʌnˈlɒkt/ adj.  not locked 未上锁的；没锁住的

unlooked-for /ʌnˈlʊktfɔ:/ adj.  unexpected, unforeseen 未料到的；未预见到的

unloose /ʌnˈlu:s/ v. tr. (also 亦作 unloosen)  loose; set free 放松；解放；放出；释放

unlovable /ʌnˈlʌvəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unloveable)  not lovable 不可爱的；不讨人喜欢的；不能引起爱慕的

unloved /ʌnˈlʌvd/ adj.  not loved 不被喜爱的；未被爱的

unlovely /ʌnˈlʌvli/ adj.  not attractive; unpleasant, ugly 不动人的；不讨人喜欢的，讨厌的；不美的，丑的 □ unloveliness  n.  

unloving /ʌnˈlʌviŋ/ adj.  not loving 不表示爱的，无爱心的 □ unlovingly  adv.  □ unlovingness  n.  

unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. (unluckier, unluckiest)  1  not fortunate or successful 不幸的；运气不好的，倒霉的；不成功的 2  wretched 悲惨的；可怜的 3  bringing bad luck 不吉的，不祥的 4  ill-judged 不适时的；判断不当的，不明智的 □ unluckily  adv.  □ unluckiness  n.  

unmade /ʌnˈmeid/ adj.  1  not made 未做的；尚未做好的 2  destroyed, annulled 被毁灭的；被取消的；被废除的

unmake /ʌnˈmeik/ v. tr. (past and past part. unmade)  undo the making of; destroy, depose, annul 撤消，取消；消灭，毁灭；免职，罢免；废除

unmalleable /ʌnˈmæliəb(ə)l/ adj.  not malleable 不可展延的，不可锻的，没有韧性的；不可塑的；不易受外界影响的；不易管教的

unman /ʌnˈmæn/ v. tr. (unmanned, unmanning)  1  deprive of supposed manly qualities (e.g. self-control, courage); cause to weep etc., discourage 使失去所谓的男子汉气概(如自制力、勇气)；使哭泣等；使气馁 2  deprive (a ship etc.) of men 使(船等)失去人员；使无人

unmanageable /ʌnˈmænidʒəb(ə)l/ adj.  not (easily) managed, manipulated, or kept under control 难管理的；难处理的；难操纵的，难控制的 □ unmanageableness  n.  □ unmanageably  adv.  

unmanaged /ʌnˈmænidʒd/ adj.  1  not handled or directed in a controlled way 未管理的；无人管的 2 (of land etc.) left wild; in a natural state (指土地等)荒废的；荒凉的

unmanly /ʌnˈmænli/ adj.  not manly 没有男子汉气概的，女子气的；怯懦的；柔弱的，无决断的；不适于男子的；不名誉的；卑劣的 □ unmanliness  n.  

unmanned /ʌnˈmænd/ adj.  1  not manned 无人的；无人操纵的；人员不齐的，缺人的；(指船)无船员的 2  overcome by emotion etc. 柔弱的；难以自制的

unmannered /ʌnˈmænəd/ adj.  lacking affectation; straightforward 不矫揉造作的；直率的

unmannerly /ʌnˈmænəli/ adj.  1  without good manners 没有礼貌的；粗鲁的 2 (of actions, speech, etc.) showing a lack of good manners (指行为、语言等)无理的，粗野的 □ unmannerliness  n.  

unmapped /ʌnˈmæpt/ adj.  1  not represented on a usu. geographical or chromosome map 未绘制地图的；地图上未标明的；未绘制染色体图的 2  unexplored 未勘探的，未探察的

unmarked /ʌnˈmɑ:kt/ adj.  1  not marked 未做记号的；没有标志的；无伤疤(或瑕疵)的 2  not noticed 未被注意到的，未被识别出的

unmarketable /ʌnˈmɑ:kitəb(ə)l/ adj.  not marketable 不能出售的；不适合市场销售的，没有销路的；滞销的

unmarried /ʌnˈmærid/ adj.  not married; single 未婚的；独身的

unmask /ʌnˈmɑ:sk/ v.  1 tr.  a  remove the mask from 摘下…的面具b  expose the true character of 使露出真相；脱去…的伪装 2 intr.  remove one's mask 摘下面具；露出真相 □ unmasker  n.  

unmatchable /ʌnˈmætʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be matched 不能相比的；不能等同的；不能相配的；无法配对的 □ unmatchably  adv.  

unmatched /ʌnˈmætʃt/ adj.  not matched or equalled 无比的，无与伦比的；不相配的

unmatured /ʌnməˈtʃʊəd/ adj.  not yet matured 不成熟的；未到期的

unmeaning /ʌnˈmi:niŋ/ adj.  having no meaning or significance; meaningless 无意义的；无意思的 □ unmeaningly  adv.  □ unmeaningness  n.  

unmeant /ʌnˈment/ adj.  not meant or intended 无意的，非存心的；偶然的

unmeasurable /ʌnˈmeʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be measured 无法计量的，不可测量的；无边无际的 □ unmeasurably  adv.  

unmeasured /ʌnˈmeʒəd/ adj.  1  not measured 未测定的；不可测量的 2  limitless 无界限的，无边无际的；充裕的；不加限制的，无限的

unmediated /ʌnˈmi:dieitid/ adj.  with no intervention; directly perceived 无中介的；未经调停的

unmelodious /ʌnmiˈləʊdiəs/ adj.  not melodious; discordant 不悦耳的；不入调的；刺耳的 □ unmelodiously  adv.  

unmelted /ʌnˈmeltid/ adj.  not melted 未融(或熔)化的；未融合的；未消散的

unmemorable /ʌnˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  not memorable 不值得纪念的；不值得注意的；不容易记住的 □ unmemorably  adv.  

unmentionable /ʌnˈmenʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that cannot (properly) be mentioned 不宜(或不可)提及的；不宜(或不可)说出口的 ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数) joc. [诙]  a  undergarments 内衣b archaic  trousers [古义]裤子 2  a person or thing not to be mentioned 不宜说出的人(或事) □ unmentionability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unmentionableness  n.  □ unmentionably  adv.  

unmentioned /ʌnˈmenʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  not mentioned 未提及的，未说起的

unmerchantable /ʌnˈmɜ:tʃ(ə)ntəb(ə)l/ adj.  not merchantable 不可出售的；不适合市场销售的；销不掉的

unmerciful /ʌnˈmɜ:sifʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  merciless 不仁慈的；不怜悯人的；残忍的；冷酷无情的 □ unmercifully  adv.  □ unmercifulness  n.  

unmerited /ʌnˈmeritid/ adj.  not merited (指赏、罚等)不应得的；不配得的

unmet /ʌnˈmet/ adj. (of a quota, demand, goal, etc.) not achieved or fulfilled (指配额、需求、目标等)未满足的，未达到的，未实现的；未解决的；不符合的

unmetalled /ʌnˈmet(ə)ld/ adj. Brit. (of a road etc.) not surfaced with road metal [英] (指路等)未用铺路石铺筑路面的，无硬质路面的

unmethodical /ʌnmiˈθɒdik(ə)l/ adj.  not methodical 不讲方法的；不按程序的；没有条理的 □ unmethodically  adv.  

unmetrical /ʌnˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  not metrical (指诗)不按照韵律的，不讲究格律的

unmilitary /ʌnˈmilit(ə)ri/ adj.  not military 不符合军事规程(或惯例)的；非军事的；非军人的；非军队的；不适合军人身份的

unmindful /ʌnˈmain(d)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not mindful 不留心的，不注意的；不在意的，不以为然的 □ unmindfully  adv.  □ unmindfulness  n.  

unmissable /ʌnˈmisəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot or should not be missed 不会(或不应)击不中的；不可错过的，不可忽略的

unmistakable /ʌnmiˈsteikəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unmistakeable)  that cannot be mistaken or doubted, clear 不会被弄错的；明白无误的；清楚明白的，明显的 □ unmistakability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unmistakableness  n.  □ unmistakably  adv.  

unmistaken /ʌnmiˈsteik(ə)n/ adj.  not mistaken; right, correct 无误的；对的，正确的

unmitigated /ʌnˈmitiɡeitid/ adj.  1  not mitigated or modified 未缓和的；未减轻的；未软化的 2  absolute, unqualified 全然的，十足的；绝对的  an unmitigated disaster  彻头彻尾的灾难 □ unmitigatedly  adv.  

unmixed /ʌnˈmikst/ adj.  not mixed 没有掺杂的；纯粹的

unmixed blessing n.  a thing having advantages and no disadvantages 绝对有利的事

unmodernized /ʌnˈmɒd(ə)naizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised) (of a house etc.) not modernized; retaining the original features (指房屋等)不现代化的；保留原来特征的

unmodified /ʌnˈmɒdifaid/ adj.  not modified 未缓和的；未更改的；未加修饰的

unmodulated /ʌnˈmɒdjʊleitid/ adj.  not modulated 未调整的；(指嗓音)未压低(或未变柔和)的；未调制的

unmolested /ʌnməˈlestid/ adj.  not molested 不受骚扰的；没有受到干扰的；平安无事的

unmoor /ʌnˈmʊə, -ˈmɔ:/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  release the moorings of (a vessel) 解(船的)缆；起(船的)锚 2  weigh all but one anchor of (a vessel) (指船)改为单锚泊

unmoral /ʌnˈmɒr(ə)l/ adj.  not concerned with morality (cf. 参见 IMMORAL) 不属于道德(或伦理)范畴的，非道德性的；不能分辨是非的；无道德观念的；不受道德观影响的 □ unmorality  /ʌnməˈræliti/ n.  

unmotherly /ʌnˈmʌðəli/ adj.  not motherly 不像母亲的；与母亲身份不相符的；没有母爱的，不慈爱的

unmotivated /ʌnˈməʊtiveitid/ adj.  without motivation; without a motive 动机(或目的)不明确的；无动机的

unmounted /ʌnˈmaʊntid/ adj.  not mounted 不骑马的；站着的；徒步的；未装框的；未镶嵌的；未裱糊的

unmourned /ʌnˈmɔ:nd/ adj.  not mourned 无人哀悼的；不被痛惜的

unmoved /ʌnˈmu:vd/ adj.  1  not moved 没有动过的 2  not changed in one's purpose 不动摇的，坚定的 3  not affected by emotion 不感动的，无动于衷的；平静的，冷静的 □ unmovable  adj. (also 亦作 unmoveable)  

unmoving /ʌnˈmu:viŋ/ adj.  1  not moving; still 不动的；静止的 2  not emotive 不感动的；冷峻的

unmown /ʌnˈməʊn/ adj.  not mown 未刈的，未割下的

unmuffle /ʌnˈmʌf(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  remove a muffler from (a face, bell, etc.) 除去(脸上的)遮盖物；除去(铃等上的)消声器 2  free of something that muffles or conceals 揭去蒙盖物；除去消声器

unmurmuring /ʌnˈmɜ:m(ə)riŋ/ adj. literary  not complaining [文学用语]不发牢骚的，不嘟嘟哝哝的 □ unmurmuringly  adv.  

unmusical /ʌnˈmju:zik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not pleasing to the ear 不悦耳的，不动听的；不合调的，不和谐的 2  unskilled in or indifferent to music 演奏音乐不熟练的；不爱好音乐的 □ unmusicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ unmusically  adv.  □ unmusicalness  n.  

unmutilated /ʌnˈmju:tileitid/ adj.  not mutilated 未丧失肢体的，非残缺不全的；未致残的

unmuzzle /ʌnˈmʌz(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  remove a muzzle from 解下口罩 2  relieve of an obligation to remain silent 使不受保持沉默的约束，解除束缚；使有言论(或写作)自由

unnail /ʌnˈneil/ v. tr.  unfasten by the removal of nails 拔除…上的钉子；拔钉松开

unnameable /ʌnˈneiməb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be named, esp. too bad to be named 说不出名字的；难以形容的；(尤指太糟而)难以名状的

unnamed /ʌnˈneimd/ adj.  not named 未命名的，没有名字的；不知其名的；未说出名字的；未提名字的

unnatural /ʌnˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  contrary to nature or the usual course of nature; not normal 反自然的，不合乎自然规律的；不正常的，反常的；怪异的 2  a  lacking natural feelings 违反常情的，不合人情的b  extremely cruel or wicked 坏得出奇的；极其残酷的，无人性的 3  artificial 假的；人造的 4  affected 不自然的，做作的 □ unnaturally  adv.  □ unnaturalness  n.  

unnavigable /ʌnˈnæviɡəb(ə)l/ adj.  not navigable 不可通航的，不适航的 □ unnavigability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unnecessary /ʌnˈnesəs(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not necessary 不必要的；不必需的 2  more than is necessary 多余的  with unnecessary care  多余的忧虑，杞人忧天 ●n. (pl. -ies) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an unnecessary thing 非必需品；不重要的东西 □ unnecessarily  adv.  □ unnecessariness  n.  

unneeded /ʌnˈni:did/ adj.  not needed 不需要的

unneighbourly /ʌnˈneibəli/ adj.  not neighbourly 不睦邻的；不亲切的；不友好的；不喜欢与人交往的 □ unneighbourliness  n.  

unnerve /ʌnˈnɜ:v/ v. tr.  deprive of strength or resolution 使丧失勇气(或决心)；使心慌意乱 □ unnerving  adj.  □ unnervingly  adv.  

unnil- /ˈʌnnil/ prefix Chem.  used to form names of recently discovered elements of atomic numbers 104-109 (cf. 参见 UN-3) 【化】(用于构成原子序数为 104 至 109 之间的新发现元素的名称) [UN-3 + NIL]

unnoticeable /ʌnˈnəʊtisəb(ə)l/ adj.  not easily seen or noticed 不引人注意的，不显著的，无特色的；不重要的，微不足道的 □ unnoticeably  adv.  

unnoticed /ʌnˈnəʊtist/ adj.  not noticed 未被注意(或察觉)到的；被忽视的

unnumbered /ʌnˈnʌmbəd/ adj.  1  not marked with a number 未标上号码的，未编号的 2  not counted 未计数的 3  countless 数不清的，不可胜数的

UNO /ˈju:nəʊ/ abbr.  United Nations Organization [缩略]联合国组织

unobjectionable /ʌnəbˈdʒekʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  not objectionable; acceptable 不会招致反对的；不会引起反感的；不惹人讨厌的 □ unobjectionableness  n.  □ unobjectionably  adv.  

unobliging /ʌnəˈblaidʒiŋ/ adj.  not obliging; unhelpful, uncooperative 不热心助人的，不愿与人方便的；不体贴的；不合作的

unobscured /ʌnəbˈskjʊəd/ adj.  not obscured 不(昏)暗的；不晦涩的；不隐匿的；清楚的

unobservable /ʌnəbˈzɜ:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  not observable; imperceptible 无法观察的；难以察觉的，注意不到的

unobservant /ʌnəbˈzɜ:v(ə)nt/ adj.  not observant 观察力不敏锐的；不注意的，不留心的；(指对法律、规章、风俗等)不遵守的 □ unobservantly  adv.  

unobserved /ʌnəbˈzɜ:vd/ adj.  not observed 不被人看到的；没有受到注意的；被漠视的；(指法律、规章、风俗等)未被遵守的，不被奉行的 □ unobservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  

unobstructed /ʌnəbˈstrʌktid/ adj.  not obstructed 不被阻塞的；没有阻碍的；畅通无阻的

unobtainable /ʌnəbˈteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be obtained 不能得到的，弄不到的；难获得的

unobtrusive /ʌnəbˈtru:siv/ adj.  not making oneself or itself noticed 不唐突的，不莽撞的；不引人注目的；不容易看到的 □ unobtrusively  adv.  □ unobtrusiveness  n.  

unoccupied /ʌnˈɒkjʊpaid/ adj.  not occupied 未被占用的；没有人住的；空着的；不忙的，无事的；不用的；闲着的；未被占领的

unoffending /ʌnəˈfendiŋ/ adj.  not offending; harmless, innocent 不冒犯人的；不惹人生气的；无罪的；无害的；不伤害人的 □ unoffended  adj.  

unofficial /ʌnəˈfiʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not officially authorized or confirmed 非正式的；非官方的；非法定的；未经官方批准(或证实)的 2  not characteristic of officials 没有官僚特点的 □ unofficially  adv.  

unofficial strike n. esp. Brit.  a strike not formally approved by the strikers' trade union [尤英]未经工会同意的罢工

unoiled /ʌnˈɔild/ adj.  not oiled 未加油的；未上油的；未涂油的

unopened /ʌnˈəʊp(ə)nd/ adj.  not opened 未(打)开的；未展开的；关闭着的；(指书页)未裁开的

unopposed /ʌnəˈpəʊzd/ adj.  not opposed 不受反对的；没有遭到反对的；没有对手的

unordained /ʌnɔ:ˈdeind/ adj.  not ordained 未规定的；未授以圣职的；未颁布命令的；未注定的

unordinary /ʌnˈɔ:din(ə)ri, -d(ə)n-/ adj.  not ordinary 不平常的，不普通的；异常的，少有的；特别的

unorganized /ʌnˈɔ:ɡ(ə)naizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not organized (cf. 参见 DISORGANIZE) 未组织起来的；无组织的；未参加工会组织的；没有工会组织的

unoriginal /ʌnəˈridʒin(ə)l/ adj.  lacking originality; derivative 没有创新的，无独创性的，老一套的；非原始的；非原来的；转化来的 □ unoriginality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ unoriginally  adv.  

unornamental /ˌʌnɔ:nəˈment(ə)l/ adj.  not ornamental; plain 非装饰性的；简单的；朴素的

unornamented /ʌnˈɔ:nəmentid/ adj.  not ornamented 无装饰的；朴素的

unorthodox /ʌnˈɔ:θədɒks/ adj.  not orthodox 非正统的；非传统的；不保守的；异教的；异端的 □ unorthodoxly  adv.  □ unorthodoxy  n.  

unostentatious /ˌʌnɒstenˈteiʃəs/ adj.  not ostentatious 不夸耀的；不虚饰的；不显眼的，朴实无华的 □ unostentatiously  adv.  □ unostentatiousness  n.  

unowned /ʌnˈəʊnd/ adj.  1  unacknowledged 未被承认的 2  having no owner 无主的；无人认领的

unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  open and remove the contents of (luggage, a package, etc.) 打开(行李、包裹等)取出东西 2  take (a thing) out from a package etc. 从包裹等中取出(某物) □ unpacker  n.  

unpaged /ʌnˈpeidʒd/ adj.  with pages not numbered 没有页码的

unpaid /ʌnˈpeid/ adj. (of a debt or a person) not paid (指债务)未支付的；未付清的；未缴纳的；未偿还的；(指人)不支薪水的；不得报酬的；无偿的

unpainted /ʌnˈpeintid/ adj.  not painted 未彩绘的；未着色的；未涂漆的

unpaired /ʌnˈpɛəd/ adj.  1  not arranged in pairs 不对称的 2  not forming one of a pair 不配对的，不成双的；无配偶的

unpalatable /ʌnˈpælətəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not pleasant to taste 不好吃的，不可口的 2 (of an idea, suggestion, etc.) difficult to accept, distasteful (指主意、建议等)难以接受的，不合意的；使人不快的；令人讨厌的 □ unpalatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unpalatableness  n.  

unparalleled /ʌnˈpærəleld/ adj.  having no parallel or equal 无比的；无双的；独一无二的，独特的

unpardonable /ʌnˈpɑ:d(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be pardoned 不可宽恕的，不可原谅的 □ unpardonableness  n.  □ unpardonably  adv.  

unparliamentary /ˌʌnpɑ:ləˈment(ə)ri/ adj.  contrary to proper parliamentary usage 不符合议会惯例的；违反议会规则的；不适于议会的

unparliamentary language n.  oaths or abuse 诅咒(或辱骂)的言语

unpasteurized /ʌnˈpɑ:stʃəraizd, -tjəraizd, ʌnˈpæs-/ adj. (also 亦作 unpasteurised)  not pasteurized 未用巴氏法灭菌的

unpatented /ʌnˈpeit(ə)ntid, ʌnˈpæt-/ adj.  not patented 非专利的，未获得专利的；不受专利权保护的

unpatriotic /ˌʌnpætriˈɒtik, ˌʌnpeit-/ adj.  not patriotic 不爱国的，无爱国心的 □ unpatriotically  adv.  

unpatronizing /ʌnˈpætrənaiziŋ/ adj. (also 亦作 -ising)  not showing condescension 不傲慢的；不以恩人自居的；不指指点点的

unpaved /ʌnˈpeivd/ adj.  not paved 未铺砌的

unpeeled /ʌnˈpi:ld/ adj.  not peeled 未削皮(或剥壳)的

unpeg /ʌnˈpeɡ/ v. tr. (unpegged, unpegging)  1  unfasten by the removal of pegs 拔钉使松开 2  cease to maintain or stabilize (prices etc.) 使(价格等)浮动

unpeople v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌnˈpi:p(ə)l/  depopulate 使无人；使无居民；使人口减少 ●n. pl. /ˈʌnpi:p(ə)l/  unpersons 没落的人们

unperceived /ʌnpəˈsi:vd/ adj.  not perceived; unobserved 未被察觉的；未被看到的；未被注意到的

unperceptive /ʌnpəˈseptiv/ adj.  not perceptive 无感觉(或知觉)的；无识别力的 □ unperceptively  adv.  □ unperceptiveness  n.  

unperfected /ʌnpəˈfektid/ adj.  not perfected 不完美的；不理想的；未改善的；未精通的；不娴熟的

unperforated /ʌnˈpɜ:fəreitid/ adj.  not perforated 未打孔的，未穿孔的；没有孔的

unperformed /ʌnpəˈfɔ:md/ adj.  not performed 未执行的；未履行的；未完成的；未演出的，未上演的

unperfumed /ʌnˈpɜ:fju:md/ adj.  not perfumed 无香水的；未洒香水的；不芳香的

unperson /ˈʌnpɜ:s(ə)n/ n.  a person whose name or existence is denied or ignored (其名字或存在被否认或忽视的)被冷落的人；没落人物

unpersuadable /ʌnpəˈsweidəb(ə)l/ adj.  not able to be persuaded; obstinate 说服不了的；倔强的，顽固的

unpersuaded /ʌnpəˈsweidid/ adj.  not persuaded 未被说服的

unpersuasive /ʌnpəˈsweisiv/ adj.  not persuasive 无说服力的；不会劝说的，不善说服的 □ unpersuasively  adv.  

unperturbed /ʌnpəˈtɜ:bd/ adj.  not perturbed 不受扰乱的；未被骚扰的；镇定的，平静的，安详的；泰然自若的 □ unperturbedly  /-bidli/ adv.  

unphilosophical /ˌʌnfiləˈsɒfik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unphilosophic)  1  not according to philosophical principles 非哲学的 2  lacking philosophy 缺乏哲理的；不达观的 □ unphilosophically  adv.  

unphysiological /ˌʌnfiziəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unphysiologic)  not in accordance with normal physiological functioning 生理上不健全(或不正常)的；不符合生理规律的 □ unphysiologically  adv.  

unpick /ʌnˈpik/ v. tr.  undo the sewing of (stitches, a garment, etc.) 拆去(缝线、针脚等)；拆去(衣服等)上的缝线(或针脚等)

unpicked /ʌnˈpikt/ adj.  1  not selected 未经挑选的；未经选择的 2 (of a flower) not plucked (指花)未摘下的

unpicturesque /ˌʌnpiktʃəˈresk/ adj.  not picturesque 不似画的；不生动的

unpin /ʌnˈpin/ v. tr. (unpinned, unpinning)  1  unfasten or detach by removing a pin or pins 取下…的别针；取下别针把…解开；拔钉(或栓)使松开 2 Chess  release (a piece that has been pinned) 【棋类】使(受制的棋子)摆脱牵制

unpitied /ʌnˈpitid/ adj.  not pitied 没人可怜的；没人同情的；得不到怜悯的

unpitying /ʌnˈpitiiŋ/ adj.  not pitying 不知怜悯的，无同情心的；无恻隐之心的，无情的 □ unpityingly  adv.  

unplaceable /ʌnˈpleisəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be placed or classified 无处放置的；无法归类的  his accent was unplaceable  无法从他的口音辨别他是哪个地方人

unplaced /ʌnˈpleist/ adj.  not placed, esp. not placed as one of the first three finishing in a race etc. 未得到安置的；不在固定位置上的；未被委任的；没有固定职位的；(尤指)未获得前三名的，未得名次的

unplanned /ʌnˈplænd/ adj.  not planned 无计划的，无打算的；未经筹划的；无秩序的；意外的；在计划外的

unplanted /ʌnˈplɑ:ntid/ adj.  not planted 非栽种的，自然生长的；未经栽培的；未被安插的；未(被)移植的

unplausible /ʌnˈplɔ:zib(ə)l/ adj.  not plausible 难以置信的；不像真实的，似乎不合情理的

unplayable /ʌnˈpleiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 Sport (of a ball) that cannot be struck or returned 【运动】(指球)无法击出(或回击)的 2  that cannot be played 不适宜打球的；不能(或不宜)演奏的；不能放音的 □ unplayably  adv.  

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez(ə)nt/ adj.  not pleasant; displeasing; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的；不讨人喜欢的，讨厌的；(两人间)不合的；不客气的 □ unpleasantly  adv.  □ unpleasantness  n.  

unpleasantry /ʌnˈplez(ə)ntri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  unkindness 不友好；不亲近 2 (in pl. 用复数)  a  unpleasant comments 难听的话；辱骂b  unpleasant problems 不愉快的事；令人厌烦的难题

unpleasing /ʌnˈpli:ziŋ/ adj.  not pleasing 使人不愉快的；讨厌的 □ unpleasingly  adv.  

unploughed /ʌnˈplaʊd/ adj. (N. Amer. [北美] unplowed)  not ploughed 未犁过的，未耕的

unplucked /ʌnˈplʌkt/ adj.  not plucked 未摘下的；未拔毛的；未扯掉的

unplug /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ v. tr. (unplugged, unplugging)  1  disconnect (an electrical device) by removing its plug from the socket 拔去(电器的)电源插头 2  unstop 拔去塞子；除掉障碍物

unplumbed /ʌnˈplʌmd/ adj.  1  not plumbed 未用铅锤测过深度的；未知深度的；未用铅封的；无管道设备的 2  not fully explored or understood 未经探究的；未充分了解的 □ unplumbable  adj.  

unpoetic /ʌnpəʊˈetik/ adj. (also 亦作 unpoetical)  not poetic 无诗意的；无想像力的，平淡无奇的，干巴巴的

unpointed /ʌnˈpɔintid/ adj.  1  having no point or points 没有尖端的；不尖的 2  a  not punctuated 无标点的b (of written Hebrew etc.) without vowel points (指书面希伯来语等)未加元音符号的 3 (of masonry or brickwork) not pointed (指砖石等)未用灰泥勾抹的

unpolished /ʌnˈpɒliʃt/ adj.  1  not polished; rough 没有磨光的；未擦亮的 2  without refinement; crude 未经润饰的；未加工的，粗糙的；粗鲁的

unpolitic /ʌnˈpɒlitik/ adj.  impolitic, unwise 失策的；不得当的；不明智的；不审慎的；没见识的

unpolitical /ʌnpəˈlitik(ə)l/ adj.  not concerned with politics 非政治的，无政治意义的，与政治无关的；不关心政治的，不参加政治活动的 □ unpolitically  adv.  

unpolled /ʌnˈpəʊld/ adj.  1  not having voted at an election 未投票的，未登记的 2  not included in an opinion poll 未接受民意测验的

unpolluted /ʌnpəˈlu:tid/ adj.  not polluted 未经污染的；未被玷污的；洁净的；纯洁的

unpopular /ʌnˈpɒpjʊlə/ adj.  not popular; not liked by the public or by people in general 不得人心的，不受欢迎的；不普及的，不流行的 □ unpopularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ unpopularly  adv.  

unpopulated /ʌnˈpɒpjʊleitid/ adj.  not populated 没人居住的

unposed /ʌnˈpəʊzd/ adj.  not in a posed position, esp. for a photograph (尤指照相时)没有摆姿势的；不装模作样的

unpossessed /ʌnpəˈzest/ adj.  1 (foll. by 后跟 of)  not in possession of 未占有的；未拥有的；无所有权的 2  not possessed 无主的；不被占有的

unpowered /ʌnˈpaʊəd/ adj. (of a boat, vehicle, etc.) propelled other than by fuel (指船、车等)不通过燃料推进的，无动力的

unpractical /ʌnˈpræktik(ə)l/ adj.  1  not practical 不切实际的；不实用的；不现实的；行不通的 2 (of a person) not having practical skill (指人)没有实用技能的 □ unpracticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ unpractically  adv.  

unpractised /ʌnˈpræktist/ adj. (US [美] unpracticed)  1  not experienced or skilled 无经验的；不熟练的 2  not put into practice 未实行的；未实践的

unprecedented /ʌnˈpresidentid/ adj.  1  having no precedent; unparalleled 无前例的，空前的，前所未闻的；绝无仅有的 2  novel 新奇的，新颖的 □ unprecedentedly  adv.  

unpredictable /ʌnpriˈdiktəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be predicted 不可预测的，无法预言的；不定的，易变的 □ unpredictability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unpredictably  adv.  

unpredicted /ʌnpriˈdiktid/ adj.  not predicted or foretold 未料到的，未预测(到)的

unprejudiced /ʌnˈpredʒʊdist/ adj.  not prejudiced 没有偏见的；没有成见的；公正的；未受损害的

unpremeditated /ʌnpri:ˈmediteitid/ adj.  not previously thought over; not deliberately planned; unintentional 未经事先考虑的；非预先计划的；非预谋的 □ unpremeditatedly  adv.  

unprepared /ʌnpriˈpɛəd/ adj.  not prepared (in advance); not ready (事先)未作准备的，无准备的；没有准备好的；未作防备的 □ unpreparedly  adv.  □ unpreparedness  n.  

unprepossessing /ˌʌnpri:pəˈzesiŋ/ adj.  not prepossessing; unattractive 不讨人喜欢的；不吸引人的；给人第一印象不佳的

unprescribed /ʌnpriˈskraibd/ adj. (esp. of drugs) not prescribed (尤指药)非规定的，非指定的，非处方的

unpresentable /ʌnpriˈzentəb(ə)l/ adj.  not presentable 拿不出去的；不登大雅之堂的，见不得人的；不像样的

unpressed /ʌnˈprest/ adj.  not pressed, esp. (of clothing) unironed 未按压的；(尤指衣服)未熨烫的

unpressurized /ʌnˈpreʃəraizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not pressurized 未增压的

unpresuming /ʌnpriˈzju:miŋ/ adj.  not presuming; modest 不自以为是的，谦逊的；不装模作样的

unpresumptuous /ʌnpriˈzʌm(p)tʃʊəs/ adj.  not presumptuous 不骄傲自大的，不专横傲慢的；不自以为是的，谦恭的

unpretending /ʌnpriˈtendiŋ/ adj.  unpretentious 不矫饰的，不装模作样的；朴实无华的；谦逊的 □ unpretendingly  adv.  □ unpretendingness  n.  

unpretentious /ʌnpriˈtenʃəs/ adj.  not making a great display; simple, modest 不矫饰的；不炫耀的，朴实无华的；谦逊的 □ unpretentiously  adv.  □ unpretentiousness  n.  

unpriced /ʌnˈpraist/ adj.  not having a price or prices fixed, marked, or stated 未定价的；未标价的；无价的

unprimed /ʌnˈpraimd/ adj.  not primed 未灌注的；未装填的

unprincipled /ʌnˈprinsip(ə)ld/ adj.  lacking or not based on good moral principles 不道德的，不讲道德的；不正直的；肆无忌惮的 □ unprincipledness  n.  

unprintable /ʌnˈprintəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be printed, esp. because too indecent or libellous or blasphemous (尤指由于内容下流、中伤他人或亵渎神明而)不可刊印的，不宜刊印的 □ unprintably  adv.  

unprinted /ʌnˈprintid/ adj.  not printed 未经印刷的；未付印的；未印出的

unprivileged /ʌnˈprivilidʒd/ adj.  not privileged 没有特权的，享受不到特权的；贫穷的；社会最底层的

unproblematic /ˌʌnprɒbləˈmætik/ adj.  causing no difficulty 没有问题的；没有困难的 □ unproblematically  adv.  

unprocessed /ʌnˈprəʊsest/ adj. (esp. of food, raw materials) not processed (尤指食物、原材料)未经加工的

unproclaimed /ʌnprəˈkleimd/ adj.  not proclaimed 未宣布的；未声明的

unprocurable /ʌnprəˈkjʊərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be procured 不可获得的；不可实现的

unproductive /ʌnprəˈdʌktiv/ adj.  not productive 不生产的；不多产的，不丰饶的，(土地)不毛的；无利可得的；非生产性的；无成效的，徒劳的 □ unproductively  adv.  □ unproductiveness  n.  

unprofessional /ʌnprəˈfeʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  contrary to professional standards of behaviour etc. (指行为等)违反职业道德的；不符合职业行为规范的 2  not belonging to a profession; amateur 非职业(性)的；非专业的；无专行的；业余的；外行的，不称职的 □ unprofessionally  adv.  

unprofitable /ʌnˈprɒfitəb(ə)l/ adj.  not profitable 无利的；无用的；无益的；徒劳的 □ unprofitableness  n.  □ unprofitably  adv.  

Unprofor /ˈʌnprəfɔ:/ abbr. (also 亦作 UNPROFOR)  United Nations Protection Force [缩略]联合国维和部队

unprogressive /ʌnprəˈɡresiv/ adj.  not progressive 不进步的，不先进的；保守的，落后的

unpromising /ʌnˈprɒmisiŋ/ adj.  not likely to turn out well 无指望的，没希望的；没有出息(或前途)的；结果未必良好的 □ unpromisingly  adv.  

unprompted /ʌnˈprɒm(p)tid/ adj.  spontaneous 自发的；自动的

unpronounceable /ʌnprəˈnaʊnsəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be pronounced 发不出音的；难发音的 □ unpronounceably  adv.  

unpropitious /ʌnprəˈpiʃəs/ adj.  not propitious 不顺遂的；不利的；不宜的；不吉利的，不祥的 □ unpropitiously  adv.  

unprosperous /ʌnˈprɒsp(ə)rəs/ adj.  not prosperous 不繁荣的，不昌盛的；不兴隆的；不富裕的；不成功的；不顺利的，不幸运的 □ unprosperously  adv.  

unprotected /ʌnprəˈtektid/ adj.  1  not protected 无保护的，不受保护的；没有保护人的；不受关税保护的；无防卫的；无掩护的；无装甲的 2 (of sexual intercourse) performed without a condom or other contraceptive (指性交)无(避孕套或其他避孕用具)防护的 □ unprotectedness  n.  

unprotesting /ʌnprəˈtestiŋ/ adj.  not protesting 不抗议的；不提出异议的；不反对的 □ unprotestingly  adv.  

unprovable /ʌnˈpru:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be proved 无法证明的，无法证实的；无法检验的 □ unprovability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unproved /ʌnˈpru:vd/ adj. (also 亦作 unproven /-v(ə)n/)  not proved 未经证明的，未经证实的；未经检验的

unprovided /ʌnprəˈvaidid/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  not furnished, supplied, or equipped 无供给的；无装备的；无资金的

unprovoked /ʌnprəˈvəʊkt/ adj. (of a person or act) without provocation (指人或举动)未受挑衅的；没招惹而发生的；无缘无故的

unpublicized /ʌnˈpʌblisaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not publicized 未公开的，未公布的；未经宣传的

unpublished /ʌnˈpʌbliʃt/ adj.  not published 未出版的；未发行的；未发表的；未公布的；未出版过作品的；非众所周知的 □ unpublishable  adj.  

unpunctual /ʌnˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  not punctual 不守时的；不准时的 □ unpunctuality  /-tjʊˈæliti/ n.  

unpunctuated /ʌnˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊeitid, -tjʊ-/ adj.  not punctuated 未加标点的；缺标点的

unpunishable /ʌnˈpʌniʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be punished 不能受惩罚的；不该受处罚的

unpunished /ʌnˈpʌniʃt/ adj.  not punished 未受惩罚的

unpurified /ʌnˈpjʊərifaid/ adj.  not purified 不洁净的，未净化的

unputdownable /ʌnpʊtˈdaʊnəb(ə)l/ adj. colloq. (of a book) so engrossing that one has to go on reading it [口] (指书十分引人入胜而)使人放不下手的，不能释手的

unqualified /ʌnˈkwɒlifaid/ adj.  1  not competent 不合格的，不能胜任的；不称职的  unqualified to give an answer  没有能力进行答复 2  not legally or officially qualified 无资格的  an unqualified practitioner  无资格的开业人 3  not modified or restricted; complete 无条件的；无保留的，无限制的；绝对的，全然的  unqualified assent  完全同意 unqualified success  全面的大成功

unquantifiable /ʌnˈkwɒntifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  impossible to quantify 不可测量的；难以计量的，难以估量的 □ unquantified  /-ˈkwɒntifaid/ adj.  

unquenchable /ʌnˈkwen(t)ʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be quenched 无法熄灭的；不会冷却的；不能遏制的；不能消除的；不能减弱的 □ unquenchably  adv.  

unquenched /ʌnˈkwen(t)ʃt/ adj.  not quenched 未熄灭的；未冷却的；未经遏制的；未消除的；未减弱的

unquestionable /ʌnˈkwestʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be disputed or doubted 不成问题的，无可争议的；无可置疑的，肯定的；无可非议的，无懈可击的 □ unquestionability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unquestionableness  n.  □ unquestionably  adv.  

unquestioned /ʌnˈkwestʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  1  not disputed or doubted; definite, certain 不被怀疑的；无争议的；肯定的 2  not interrogated 未经质询的；未被查问的

unquestioning /ʌnˈkwestʃ(ə)niŋ/ adj.  1  asking no questions 不提出疑问的，不加质疑的 2  done etc. without asking questions 无异议的，不怀疑的 □ unquestioningly  adv.  

unquiet /ʌnˈkwaiət/ adj.  1  restless, agitated, stirring 不安静的；不平静的；不安宁的，动乱的 2  perturbed, anxious 焦虑不安的，烦扰的 □ unquietly  adv.  □ unquietness  n.  

unquotable /ʌnˈkwəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be quoted 不可引用(或引证)的；不适于引用(或引证)的

unquote /ʌnˈkwəʊt/ v. tr. (as 作 int.) (in dictation, reading aloud, etc.) indicate the presence of closing quotation marks (cf. 参见 QUOTE v. 5b) (后)引号，引文结束(用于听写、大声阅读等时表示引文结束)

unquoted /ʌnˈkwəʊtid/ adj.  not quoted, esp. on the Stock Exchange 未引用(或引证)的；(尤指证券交易所)未开价的，未报价的

unravel /ʌnˈræv(ə)l/ v. (unravelled, unravelling; US [美] unraveled, unraveling)  1 tr.  cause to be no longer ravelled, tangled, or intertwined 解开；拆散；使不再缠结或纠缠 2 tr.  probe and solve (a mystery etc.) 弄清(谜等)并解决 3 tr.  undo (a fabric, esp. a knitted one) 拆开(织物，尤指编织物) 4 intr.  become disentangled or unknitted 解开，松散；被澄清；被解决

unreachable /ʌnˈri:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be reached 不能达到的，够不着的；取不到的，不能得到的 □ unreachableness  n.  □ unreachably  adv.  

unreached /ʌnˈri:tʃt/ adj.  1  not reached 未达到(或及到)的；未取到(或得到)的 2  not yet evangelized 尚未传播福音的

unread /ʌnˈred/ adj.  1 (of a book etc.) not read (指书等)未经阅读的；尚未审阅的 2 (of a person) not well read (指人)读书不多的，无学识的

unreadable /ʌnˈri:dəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  too dull or too difficult to be worth reading 不能读的；难读的；无可读性的；不值一读的；(读起来)枯燥无味的 2  illegible 难以辨认的，模糊不清的；难以理解的，不清楚的 □ unreadability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unreadably  adv.  

unready1 /ʌnˈredi/ adj.  1  not ready 没有准备好的，没有预备好的 2  not prompt in action 不敏捷的，不机灵的；迟钝的；迟疑的 □ unreadily  adv.  □ unreadiness  n.  

unready2 /ʌnˈredi/ adj. archaic  lacking good advice; rash [古义]缺乏指点的；草率从事的  Ethelred the Unready  “糊涂王”埃塞尔雷德 [UN-1 + REDE, assimilated to UNREADY1]

unreal /ʌnˈriəl/ adj.  1  not real 假的；不真实的，不实在的；不真诚的 2  imaginary, illusory 虚构的；幻想的 3 N. Amer. & Austral. slang  incredible, amazing [北美澳] [俚语]难以置信的，令人惊异的 □ unreality  /-iˈæliti/ n.  □ unreally  adv.  

unrealism /ʌnˈriəliz(ə)m/ n.  lack of realism 非现实主义

unrealistic /ˌʌnriəˈlistik/ adj.  not realistic 非现实(主义)的；不切实际的；幻想的 □ unrealistically  adv.  

unrealizable /ʌnˈriəlaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 -isable)  that cannot be realized 不能实现的；不能切实感知的；不能理解的；意识不到的；不可变现的

unrealized /ʌnˈriəlaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not realized 未实现的；无人知道的；不被理解的；未被感知的；未变现的

unreason /ʌnˈri:z(ə)n/ n.  lack of reasonable thought or action 缺乏理智，没有理性；神志失常，疯狂；不合理；不明智；荒谬；胡闹 [Middle English, = injustice, from UN-1 + REASON]

unreasonable /ʌnˈri:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  going beyond the limits of what is reasonable or equitable 超越情理的；不合理的，无理的；过分的；过高的  unreasonable demands  过分的要求 2  not guided by or listening to reason 没有理性的，缺乏理智的 □ unreasonableness  n.  □ unreasonably  adv.  

unreasoned /ʌnˈri:z(ə)nd/ adj.  not reasoned 没有理由的，不合理的；未经缜密推断分析的

unreasoning /ʌnˈri:z(ə)niŋ/ adj.  not reasoning 不讲理的；不合理的；无理性的；缺乏考虑的 □ unreasoningly  adv.  

unreceptive /ʌnriˈseptiv/ adj.  not receptive 不会接受(或容纳)的；反应不快的，接受能力不强的

unreciprocated /ʌnriˈsiprəkeitid/ adj.  not reciprocated 无回报的；不互给的，不互换的

unreckoned /ʌnˈrek(ə)nd/ adj.  not calculated or taken into account 未经计算的，未经估计的；未算在内的

unreclaimed /ʌnriˈkleimd/ adj.  not reclaimed 未开垦的，未开拓的；未要回的；未回收的；未改造好的，未改邪归正的；不驯服的

unrecognizable /ʌnˈrekəɡnaizəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 -isable)  that cannot be recognized 认不出的，不能识别的 □ unrecognizableness  n.  □ unrecognizably  adv.  

unrecognized /ʌnˈrekəɡnaizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not recognized 未被认出(或识别)的；未被承认(或认可)的

unrecompensed /ʌnˈrekəmpenst/ adj.  not recompensed 未得酬报(或回报)的；未得赔偿(或补偿)的

unreconciled /ʌnˈrek(ə)nsaild/ adj.  not reconciled 未和解的，未和好的；未取得一致的；不甘心的

unreconstructed /ˌʌnri:kənˈstrʌktid/ adj.  1  not reconciled or converted to the current political orthodoxy 顽固守旧的，坚持过时观点的，反对变革的 2  not rebuilt 未重建的；未改建的

unrecorded /ʌnriˈkɔ:did/ adj.  not recorded 未记录下来的，未记载的；未登记的；未录音的 □ unrecordable  adj.  

unrectified /ʌnˈrektifaid/ adj.  not rectified 未经纠正(或改正)的；未经调整(或校正)的

unredeemable /ʌnriˈdi:məb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be redeemed 不能买回的，不能赎回的；不能提前清偿的；不能兑换硬币的；无法补救的；不能改变的；不可挽救的；不可改造的

unredeemed /ʌnriˈdi:md/ adj.  not redeemed 未赎回的；未偿还的；未还清的；未兑换的；未履行的；未实践的；未得到补救的，未弥补的；未赎身的，未赎出的；未获救赎的

unredressed /ʌnriˈdrest/ adj.  not redressed 未纠正的；未昭雪的；未调整的；未补偿(或补救)的

unreel /ʌnˈri:l/ v. tr. & intr.  unwind from a reel (指从绕线筒上)退卷，退绕；解开；展开

unreeve /ʌnˈri:v/ v. tr. (past unrove)  withdraw (a rope etc.) from being reeved 从孔中拉回(绳索等)；将(绳索等)退出(滑轮)

unrefined /ʌnriˈfaind/ adj.  not refined 未提炼的；未精制的；不精细的；不优雅的；无教养的，粗俗的；不高尚的

unreflecting /ʌnriˈflektiŋ/ adj.  not engaging in reflection or thought 不反射的；不反省的；缺乏考虑的；无思想的 □ unreflectingly  adv.  □ unreflectingness  n.  □ unreflective  adj.  

unreformed /ʌnriˈfɔ:md/ adj.  not reformed 未经改革的；未革新的；未改过的；未悔过的；未经宗教改革的

unregarded /ʌnriˈɡɑ:did/ adj.  not regarded 不受注意的，被忽视的；未被理睬的；不受重视的；未被尊重的

unregenerate /ʌnriˈdʒen(ə)rət/ adj.  not regenerate; obstinately wrong or bad 灵魂未得再生的；精神上不重生的；不信上帝存在的；不改变信仰(或观点)的；不悔改的，顽固不化的；怙恶不悛的 □ unregeneracy  n.  □ unregenerately  adv.  

unregistered /ʌnˈredʒistəd/ adj.  not registered 未登记的；未注册的；未挂号的

unregulated /ʌnˈreɡjʊleitid/ adj.  not regulated 未受管理(或控制、约束)的；未校准(或调整、调节)的

unrehearsed /ʌnriˈhɜ:st/ adj.  not rehearsed 未经排练(或排演、操练、演习)的；未被叙述(或复述、详述)的

unrelated /ʌnriˈleitid/ adj.  not related 无关的，不相关的；无关联的；无亲戚关系的；未被讲述(或叙述)的 □ unrelatedness  n.  

unrelaxed /ʌnriˈlækst/ adj.  not relaxed 未放松的，未松弛的，未松懈的；不轻松自在的；得不到安宁的；受约束的，受限制的；受拘束的

unreleased /ʌnriˈli:st/ adj.  not released, esp. (of a recording, film, etc.) to the public 未松开(或放出、解除)的；(尤指唱片、电影等)未发行的

unrelenting /ʌnriˈlentiŋ/ adj.  1  not relenting or yielding 严厉的；坚定不移的；不退让的；不屈不挠的 2  unmerciful 不怜悯的，不发慈悲的；不同情的；冷酷无情的，铁石心肠的 3  not abating or relaxing 不松懈的，不放慢的；未得缓和的，未减轻的 □ unrelentingly  adv.  □ unrelentingness  n.  

unreliable /ʌnriˈlaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not reliable; erratic 不可靠的，靠不住的；不可信赖的；不负责任的 □ unreliability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unreliableness  n.  □ unreliably  adv.  

unrelieved /ʌnriˈli:vd/ adj.  1  lacking the relief given by contrast or variation 未被减轻的；未经解除的；未得缓和的；未获宽慰的 2  not aided or assisted 未受救济的 □ unrelievedly  adv.  

unreligious /ʌnriˈlidʒəs/ adj.  1  not concerned with religion 与宗教无关(或无牵连)的；非宗教的，世俗的 2  irreligious 没有宗教信仰的；无宗教的

unremarkable /ʌnriˈmɑ:kəb(ə)l/ adj.  not remarkable; uninteresting 不值得注意的，不引人注目的；不显著的；平凡的，不出色的 □ unremarkably  adv.  

unremarked /ʌnriˈmɑ:kt/ adj.  1  not mentioned or remarked upon 未提及的；未谈及的 2  unnoticed 未被注意的，不受注意的

unremembered /ʌnriˈmembəd/ adj.  not remembered; forgotten 记不起的，想不起的；记不住的；忘却的

unremitting /ʌnriˈmitiŋ/ adj.  never relaxing or slackening, incessant 不松懈的，不放松的；永不停止的，不间断的；持续的；坚持的 □ unremittingly  adv.  □ unremittingness  n.  

unremorseful /ʌnriˈmɔ:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  lacking remorse 不懊悔的，不悔恨的；不自责的；无同情心的 □ unremorsefully  adv.  

unremovable /ʌnriˈmu:vəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be removed 不可移动的；不可拆装的；不可去除的；不可消除的；不可免职的；不可开除的

unremunerative /ʌnriˈmju:n(ə)rətiv/ adj.  bringing no, or not enough, profit or income 无报酬的；无利可图的，赚不到钱的 □ unremuneratively  adv.  □ unremunerativeness  n.  

unrenewable /ʌnriˈnju:əb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be renewed 不可更新的；无法回收利用的，无法再用的；不可重订(或续订)的 □ unrenewed  adj.  

unrepealed /ʌnriˈpi:ld/ adj.  not repealed 未被撤消(或废除、放弃、否定)的；仍有效的

unrepeatable /ʌnriˈpi:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be done, made, or said again 不可重复的；不可复制的；独一无二的 2  too indecent to be said again (因太下流而)不宜重复的，再说不出口的 □ unrepeatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unrepentant /ʌnriˈpent(ə)nt/ adj.  not repentant, impenitent 不悔悟的，不悔改的；不后悔的，不悔恨的；顽固(不化)的 □ unrepentantly  adv.  

unreported /ʌnriˈpɔ:tid/ adj.  not reported 未报告的；没有报道的，未经报道的

unrepresentative /ˌʌnrepriˈzentətiv/ adj.  not representative 不代表全体选民(或选区)的；不胜任当代表的；无代表性的，不典型的 □ unrepresentativeness  n.  

unrepresented /ˌʌnrepriˈzentid/ adj.  not represented 在立法机关里无代表的；无代表为之代言的；无例子说明的

unreproved /ʌnriˈpru:vd/ adj.  not reproved 未受责备(或指责、非难)的；不该受到责备(或指责、非难)的

unrequested /ʌnriˈkwestid/ adj.  not requested or asked for 未被要求(或请求)的

unrequited /ʌnriˈkwaitid/ adj. (of love etc.) not returned (指爱等)无报答的，无回报的，无报酬的 □ unrequitedly  adv.  □ unrequitedness  n.  

unreserve /ʌnriˈzɜ:v/ n.  lack of reserve; frankness 不隐瞒；坦率，直爽

unreserved /ʌnriˈzɜ:vd/ adj.  1  not reserved 没有被预定的，非保留的，不是留作专用的  unreserved seats  未被预定的座位 2  without reservations; absolute 无保留的；无限制的；无条件的；完全的，充分的  unreserved confidence  信心十足 3  free from reserve 不隐瞒的；坦率的，直爽的  an unreserved nature  直爽的天性 □ unreservedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ unreservedness  n.  

unresisted /ʌnriˈzistid/ adj.  not resisted 没有受到抵抗的；未被反对的 □ unresistedly  adv.  

unresisting /ʌnriˈzistiŋ/ adj.  not resisting 不抵抗的；不反抗的；屈服的，服从的 □ unresistingly  adv.  □ unresistingness  n.  

unresolvable /ʌnriˈzɒlvəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a problem, conflict, etc.) that cannot be resolved (指问题、分歧等)不能解决的，解决不了的

unresolved /ʌnriˈzɒlvd/ adj.  1  a  uncertain how to act, irresolute 无决断力的，不果断的；不坚定的b  uncertain in opinion, undecided 不确定的；意见尚未统一的 2 (of questions etc.) undetermined, undecided, unsolved (指问题等)未确定的；未解决的；未解答的；未议决的 3  not broken up or dissolved 未分解成组成部分的；未变为溶解状态的；未加分析的 □ unresolvedly  /-vidli/ adv.  □ unresolvedness  n.  

unresponsive /ʌnriˈspɒnsiv/ adj.  not responsive 不(表示)回答的；无应答的；不响应的；不易起反应的，感受迟钝的 □ unresponsively  adv.  □ unresponsiveness  n.  

unrest /ʌnˈrest/ n.  1  lack of rest 缺少休息 2  restlessness, disturbance, agitation 不宁，不安，不平静；动荡；动乱，骚动

unrested /ʌnˈrestid/ adj.  not refreshed by rest 未休整的；未休息的；未恢复的

unrestful /ʌnˈres(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not restful 得不到充分休息的；不给人充分休息的；不宁静的，不安静的；不使人有宁静感的 □ unrestfully  adv.  

unresting /ʌnˈrestiŋ/ adj.  not resting 不休息的；动个不停的；(永)不停止的 □ unrestingly  adv.  

unrestored /ʌnriˈstɔ:d/ adj.  not restored 未恢复的；未复原的；未归还的

unrestrained /ʌnriˈstreind/ adj.  not restrained 未克制的；不受控制(或约束)的；无拘束的，放纵的 □ unrestrainedly  /-nidli/ adv.  □ unrestrainedness  n.  

unrestricted /ʌnriˈstriktid/ adj.  not restricted 无限制的；不受限制的，自由的 □ unrestrictedly  adv.  □ unrestrictedness  n.  

unreturned /ʌnriˈtɜ:nd/ adj.  1  not reciprocated or responded to 未(无)酬谢的；未(无)报答的；未(无)回应的 2  not having returned or been returned 未归来的；未归国的；未返回的；未归还的；未偿还的

unrevealed /ʌnriˈvi:ld/ adj.  not revealed; secret 未揭示的；未泄露的；未显露的；未展现的；秘密的 □ unrevealing  adj.  

unreversed /ʌnriˈvɜ:st/ adj. (esp. of a decision etc.) not reversed (尤指决定等)未撤消的

unrevised /ʌnriˈvaizd/ adj.  not revised; in an original form 未修订的，未订正的；未校订的；未修改的

unrevoked /ʌnriˈvəʊkt/ adj.  not revoked or annulled; still in force 未撤回(或撤消、取消、废除、解除)的；依然有效的

unrewarded /ʌnriˈwɔ:did/ adj.  not rewarded 未获报答(或报偿、报酬、奖赏)的

unrewarding /ʌnriˈwɔ:diŋ/ adj.  not rewarding or satisfying 无报偿的；无得益的；不值得做的；无利可图的；不令人满意的

unrhymed /ʌnˈraimd/ adj.  not rhymed 不押韵的，无韵的

unrhythmical /ʌnˈriðmik(ə)l/ adj.  not rhythmical 无韵律的；无节奏的；节奏(或拍子)不规则的 □ unrhythmically  adv.  

unridden /ʌnˈrid(ə)n/ adj.  not ridden 不受支配的

unriddle /ʌnˈrid(ə)l/ v. tr.  solve or explain (a mystery etc.) 解(谜等)；解开；解答；解释 □ unriddler  n.  

unrideable /ʌnˈraidəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unridable)  that cannot be ridden 不可骑的；不可乘的；不可骑马(或乘车、驾船)通行的

unrig /ʌnˈriɡ/ v. tr. (unrigged, unrigging)  1  remove the rigging from (a ship) 解去(船的)索具 2 dial.  undress [方]脱去…的衣服，脱(衣服)

unrighteous /ʌnˈraitʃəs/ adj.  not righteous; unjust, wicked, dishonest 不正直的；不义的；不公正的，不公平的；邪恶的，罪孽深重的；不诚实的 □ unrighteously  adv.  □ unrighteousness  n.   [Old English unrihtwīs (as UN-1, RIGHTEOUS)]

unrip /ʌnˈrip/ v. tr. (unripped, unripping)  open by ripping 撕开，扯开，拆开

unripe /ʌnˈraip/ adj.  not ripe 未熟的，未成熟的；生的；发育未全的；没有准备好的 □ unripeness  n.  

unrisen /ʌnˈriz(ə)n/ adj.  that has not risen 未升起的

unrivalled /ʌnˈraiv(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] unrivaled)  having no equal; peerless 无(竞争)对手的，无(匹)敌的；无比的，无双的；至高无上的

unrivet /ʌnˈrivit/ v. tr. (unriveted, unriveting)  1  undo, unfasten, or detach by the removal of rivets 拆除铆钉以松脱 2  loosen, relax, undo, detach 松脱；拆开；使分散

unroadworthy /ʌnˈrəʊdwɜ:ði/ adj.  not roadworthy (人)不适于行路的，经不住旅途劳顿的；(车辆)不适合在公路上行驶的

unrobe /ʌnˈrəʊb/ v. tr. & intr.  1  disrobe 脱去…的长袍；脱去长袍 2  undress 脱去…的衣服；脱去衣服

unroll /ʌnˈrəʊl/ v. tr. & intr.  1  open out from a rolled-up state 使铺开，展开 2  display or be displayed in this form (使)显示，显露，展现，呈现

unromantic /ʌnrə(ʊ)ˈmæntik/ adj.  not romantic 不浪漫的，没有浪漫色彩的；非传奇性的；不热烈的，不多情的；没有诗意的；平凡的；实际的 □ unromantically  adv.  

unroof /ʌnˈru:f/ v. tr.  remove the roof of 拆去…的屋顶；揭掉…的顶；去掉…的覆盖物

unroofed /ʌnˈru:ft/ adj.  not provided with a roof 没有屋顶的

unroot /ʌnˈru:t/ v. tr.  1  uproot 连根拔起 2  eradicate 根除

unrope /ʌnˈrəʊp/ v.  1 tr.  detach by undoing a rope 把捆绑…的绳解掉；解绳放开 2 intr. Mountaineering  detach oneself from a rope 【登山】解开绳索；把缚在自己身上的绳子松开，挣脱捆绑的绳索

unrounded /ʌnˈraʊndid/ adj.  not rounded (指发的音)非圆唇的，不圆唇的

unrove past  of UNREEVE  

unroyal /ʌnˈrɔiəl/ adj.  not royal 非国王的，非君王的；不是王室(或王族)的；不似君王的；不配为王的

unruffled /ʌnˈrʌf(ə)ld/ adj.  1  not agitated or disturbed; calm 平静的，平稳的；不骚动的；不混乱的；泰然自若的，安定的，沉着的 2  not physically ruffled 不起皱的，平整的

unruled /ʌnˈru:ld/ adj.  1  not ruled or governed 未被统治的；不受控制(或支配)的 2  not having ruled lines 未划线的

unruly /ʌnˈru:li/ adj. (unrulier, unruliest)  not easily controlled or disciplined, disorderly 难驾驭的，不驯服的；不受管理的；难控制的；不守秩序的，不守规矩的；不(守)法的 □ unruliness  n.   [Middle English, from UN-1 + ruly from RULE]

UNRWA /ˈʌnrɑ:/ abbr.  United Nations Relief and Works Agency [缩略]联合国难民救济及工程局

unsaddle /ʌnˈsæd(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  remove the saddle from (a horse etc.) 给(马等)卸鞍 2  dislodge from a saddle 使从鞍上摔下，把…从马上摔下

unsafe /ʌnˈseif/ adj.  1  not safe 不安全的，危险的；不保险的，靠不住的 2 Law (of a verdict, conviction, etc.) likely to constitute a miscarriage of justice 【法律】(指裁决、定罪等)很可能误判的 □ unsafely  adv.  □ unsafeness  n.  

unsaid1 /ʌnˈsed/ adj.  not said or uttered 未说出的；未讲出口的；未用言辞表达出来的

unsaid2 past and past part.  of UNSAY 

unsalaried /ʌnˈsælərid/ adj.  not salaried 没有薪金的，不支薪的；无固定工资的

unsaleable /ʌnˈseiləb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unsalable)  not saleable 卖不掉的，无销路的，难卖的；不可供出售的 □ unsaleability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unsalted /ʌnˈsɔ:ltid, ʌnˈsɒl-/ adj.  not salted 未加盐的；未用盐渍的；非腌的

unsanctified /ʌnˈsæŋ(k)tifaid/ adj.  not sanctified 未神圣化的，不圣洁的；不虔敬的，邪恶的；未经认可(或批准)的

unsanctioned /ʌnˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nd/ adj.  not sanctioned 未认可(或批准)的；未通过的

unsanitary /ʌnˈsænit(ə)ri/ adj.  not sanitary 不卫生的，有碍健康的；不清洁的

unsatisfactory /ˌʌnsætisˈfækt(ə)ri/ adj.  1  not satisfactory; poor, unacceptable 不能令人满意的，不使人称心如意的；差的；无法接受的 2 Law (of a verdict, conviction, etc.) likely to constitute a miscarriage of justice 【法律】(指裁决、定罪等)很可能误判的 □ unsatisfactorily  adv.  □ unsatisfactoriness  n.  

unsatisfied /ʌnˈsætisfaid/ adj.  not satisfied 未得到满足的；未感到心满意足的；不满意的 □ unsatisfiedness  n.  

unsatisfying /ʌnˈsætisfaiiŋ/ adj.  not satisfying 不能令人满意的，不使人心满意足的；不恰当的 □ unsatisfyingly  adv.  

unsaturated /ʌnˈsætʃʊreitid, -tjʊr-/ adj.  1 Chem. (of a compound, esp. a fat or oil) having double or triple bonds in its molecule and therefore capable of further reaction 【化】(尤指油脂等化合物)不饱和的 2  not saturated 未充满的；未浸透的 □ unsaturation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

unsaved /ʌnˈseivd/ adj.  not saved 未获救的，未获拯救的

unsavoury /ʌnˈseiv(ə)ri/ adj. (US [美] unsavory)  1  disagreeable to the taste, smell, or feelings; disgusting 味道(或气味)不佳的，难吃(或难闻)的；令人厌恶的 2  disagreeable, unpleasant 令人不愉快的，令人讨厌的，烦人的  an unsavoury character  令人讨厌的人 3  morally offensive (指品德上)令人不快的；可憎恶的 □ unsavourily  adv.  □ unsavouriness  n.  

unsay /ʌnˈsei/ v. tr. (past and past part. unsaid)  retract (a statement) 收回，取消，撤回(声明等)

unsayable /ʌnˈseiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be said 不可说出的；不易表达的

unscalable /ʌnˈskeiləb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be scaled 不可攀登的，爬不上的

unscarred /ʌnˈskɑ:d/ adj.  not scarred or damaged 未留下(伤)疤的；无创痕的，无伤痕的

unscathed /ʌnˈskeiðd/ adj.  without suffering any injury 没有负伤的；未受任何损伤的；毫发无伤的

unscented /ʌnˈsentid/ adj.  not scented 无气味的；无香味的

unscheduled /ʌnˈʃedju:ld/ adj.  not scheduled 不按计划的；事先未安排的；不定期的

unscholarly /ʌnˈskɒləli/ adj.  not scholarly 非学者的；没有学者风度的；不像学者的；不符合学者身份的；没有学问的；不好学的 □ unscholarliness  n.  

unschooled /ʌnˈsku:ld/ adj.  1  uneducated, untaught 没有受过学校教育的 2  not sent to school 没有进过学校的 3  untrained, undisciplined 没有受过训练的 4  not made artificial by education 未受教育影响的；天然的，生来的

unscientific /ˌʌnsaiənˈtifik/ adj.  1  not in accordance with scientific principles 不符合科学原理(或规律)的；不按照科学原理(或方法)做的 2  not familiar with science 不谙科学的，无科学知识的 □ unscientifically  adv.  

unscramble /ʌnˈskræmb(ə)l/ v. tr.  restore from a scrambled state, esp. interpret (a scrambled transmission etc.) 整理，整顿，清理；使不再混乱，使有秩序；使恢复原状；(尤指)译出(杂乱的传送稿或电文等) □ unscrambler  n.  

unscreened /ʌnˈskri:nd/ adj.  1  a (esp. of coal) not passed through a screen or sieve (尤指煤)未筛过的；未过滤的b  not investigated or checked, esp. for security or medical problems (尤指保安或医疗上)未经检查的 2  not provided with a screen 未用帘幕(或屏风等)遮住的；没有防护装置的 3 (of a film or TV programme etc.) not shown on a screen (指电影、电视节目等)未播映的

unscrew /ʌnˈskru:/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  unfasten or be unfastened by turning or removing a screw or screws or by twisting like a screw 旋出(或卸下、拧松)螺丝；(旋出螺丝以)拆卸，取下；拧开 2 tr.  loosen (a screw) 旋松(螺丝)；旋出

unscripted /ʌnˈskriptid/ adj. (of a speech etc.) delivered without a prepared script (指演讲等)不用稿子的；不照底稿宣读的

unscriptural /ʌnˈskriptʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  against or not in accordance with Scripture 有违基督教《圣经》的；基督教《圣经》中没有的；不是根据基督教《圣经》的 □ unscripturally  adv.  

unscrupulous /ʌnˈskru:pjʊləs/ adj.  having no scruples, unprincipled 肆无忌惮的，不问青红皂白的；无道德原则的，无耻的；不审慎的 □ unscrupulously  adv.  □ unscrupulousness  n.  

unseal /ʌnˈsi:l/ v. tr.  break the seal of; open (a letter, receptacle, etc.) 去掉…的封条(封蜡等)；开启(封缄之物)；拆(信等)；打开(容器等)

unsealed /ʌnˈsi:ld/ adj.  not sealed 没有印记(或图章等)封口的；没有封闭的，没有密封的；未经盖章批准的；未证实的；未确定的

unsearchable /ʌnˈsɜ:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  inscrutable 不能探究的，探究不出的；神秘的；不可思议的 □ unsearchableness  n.  □ unsearchably  adv.  

unsearched /ʌnˈsɜ:tʃt/ adj.  not searched 未搜寻过的，没有寻找过的

unseasonable /ʌnˈsi:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  not appropriate to the season 不合时令(或季节)的，不当令的，季候不顺的；在特定季节中不正常的 2  untimely, inopportune 不合时宜(或时势)的，不适时的；不合适的 □ unseasonableness  n.  □ unseasonably  adv.  

unseasonal /ʌnˈsi:z(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not typical of, or appropriate to, the time or season 不合时令(或季节)的；不合时宜(或时势)的，不适时的，不合适的

unseasoned /ʌnˈsi:z(ə)nd/ adj.  1  not flavoured with salt, herbs, etc. 未用(盐、香草等)调味的 2 (esp. of timber) not matured (尤指木材)未干透的；新伐下的 3  not habituated 不习惯于…的

unseat /ʌnˈsi:t/ v. tr.  1  remove from a seat, esp. in an election 使下台(或退位、退职)；(尤指在选举中)剥夺…的席位 2  dislodge from a seat, esp. on horseback 从座位上摔下；(尤指)使从马背上摔下

unseaworthy /ʌnˈsi:wɜ:ði/ adj.  not seaworthy (指船)不适于航海的；经不住风浪的

unsecured /ʌnsiˈkjʊəd/ adj.  not secured 不稳固的；未固定的；无担保的，无保证的；无抵押的

unseeable /ʌnˈsi:əb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be seen 不能被看见的，无法看见的，看不见的

unseeded /ʌnˈsi:did/ adj. Sport (of a player) not seeded 【运动】(指运动员)非种子的，未被选为种子选手的

unseeing /ʌnˈsi:iŋ/ adj.  1  unobservant 不注意的，不留心的 2  blind 看不见的；视而不见的 □ unseeingly  adv.  

unseemly /ʌnˈsi:mli/ adj. (unseemlier, unseemliest)  1  indecent 不像样的，不体面的；不合乎礼仪的 2  unbecoming 不妥当的，不合适的，不适宜的；不合时宜的 □ unseemliness  n.  

unseen /ʌnˈsi:n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  not seen 未被看见的；被看漏的；未受注意的；未被觉察的，未被发现的 2  invisible 看不见的，不能窥见的 3 esp. Brit. (of a translation) to be done without preparation [尤英] (指翻译)事先无准备的，即席的 ●n. Brit.  an unseen translation [英]即席翻译

unsegregated /ʌnˈseɡriɡeitid/ adj.  not segregated 未被分开(或分离、隔离)的；没有(实行)种族隔离的

unselect /ʌnsiˈlekt/ adj.  not select 非精选出的

unselective /ʌnsiˈlektiv/ adj.  not selective 没有选择性的；没有选择力的；不加区别的

unselfconscious /ʌnselfˈkɒnʃəs/ adj.  not self-conscious; natural 非自我意识的；不忸怩的；不拘束的，自然的 □ unselfconsciously  adv.  □ unselfconsciousness  n.  

unselfish /ʌnˈselfiʃ/ adj.  mindful of others' interests 不自私的，不谋私利的，无私(心)的 □ unselfishly  adv.  □ unselfishness  n.  

unsensational /ʌnsenˈseiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not sensational 不激起强烈感情的，不令人兴奋的；不追求轰动的，不耸人听闻的 □ unsensationally  adv.  

unsentimental /ˌʌnsentiˈment(ə)l/ adj.  not sentimental 不易动感情的；不感情用事的；不感伤的；实事求是的，讲究实际的 □ unsentimentally  adv.  

unseparated /ʌnˈsepəreitid/ adj.  not separated 不分离的；未分隔的；分不开的

unserious /ʌnˈsiəriəs/ adj.  not serious; light-hearted 不严肃的，不庄重的；不认真的；不经心的；随便的

unserviceable /ʌnˈsɜ:visəb(ə)l/ adj.  not serviceable; unfit for use 不耐用的，不经用的；不能使用的，无用的；不适用的 □ unserviceability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unset /ʌnˈset/ adj.  not set 未装配的；未安装的；未镶嵌的；未校正的；未确定的；未坚固的，未凝固的；(指太阳)未落山的

unsettle /ʌnˈset(ə)l/ v.  1 tr.  disturb the settled state or arrangement of; discompose 使不稳定，使不稳固；使不确定；扰乱 2 tr.  derange 搅乱；使心绪不宁；使不适 3 intr.  become unsettled 变得不稳；动荡不定 □ unsettlement  n.  

unsettled /ʌnˈset(ə)ld/ adj.  1  not (yet) settled 未处理的；未决定的；(还)无人居住的；未定居的；未安顿的 2  liable or open to change or further discussion 不稳定的；易变的；有待进一步讨论的 3 (of a bill etc.) unpaid (指账单等)未结清的；未付清的，未偿付的；未理清的 □ unsettledness  n.  

unsewn /ʌnˈsəʊn/ adj.  not sewn 未缝的；未缝补的；未缝上的

unsewn binding n. Brit. [英]  = PERFECT BINDING 

unsex /ʌnˈseks/ v. tr.  deprive (a person) of the typical qualities of one or other (esp. the female) sex 使(人)失去性别特征(尤指女性特征)

unsexed /ʌnˈsekst/ adj.  having no sexual characteristics 失去性别特征的；不分雌雄的

unsexy /ʌnˈseksi/ adj. (unsexier, unsexiest)  not sexually attractive or stimulating; not appealing 不性感的；不吸引人的

unshackle /ʌnˈʃæk(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  release from shackles 去掉…的镣铐，给…除去枷锁 2  set free 解放；使自由

unshaded /ʌnˈʃeidid/ adj.  not shaded 无遮蔽的；未用罩(或帘等)遮掩的；无光度(或色调、声调)差别的

unshakeable /ʌnˈʃeikəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unshakable)  that cannot be shaken; firm, obstinate 不可被动摇的；不可动摇的，坚定不移的；顽固的 □ unshakeability  /-ˈbiliti/  □ unshakeably  adv.  

unshaken /ʌnˈʃeik(ə)n/ adj.  not shaken 不被摇动的；不动摇的，坚决的 □ unshakenly  adv.  

unshapely /ʌnˈʃeipli/ adj.  not shapely 样子不好(看)的；丑的；不匀称的；未定形的，不成形的 □ unshapeliness  n.  

unshared /ʌnˈʃɛəd/ adj.  not shared 不分享的，独享的；不分担的；不共同参与的

unsharp /ʌnˈʃɑ:p/ adj. Photog.  not sharp 【摄】不清晰的，不明显的 □ unsharpness  n.  

unshaved /ʌnˈʃeivd/ adj.  not shaved 未剃须的；未修面的，未刮脸的

unshaven /ʌnˈʃeiv(ə)n/ adj.  not shaved 未剃须的；未修面的，未刮脸的；蓄须的，有短髭的；未修剪过的

unsheathe /ʌnˈʃi:ð/ v. tr.  remove (a knife etc.) from a sheath 拔(刀等)出鞘

unshed /ʌnˈʃed/ adj.  not shed 未流出的；未吐露的

unshell /ʌnˈʃel/ v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 unshelled adj.)  extract from its shell 剥(或去掉)…的壳

unsheltered /ʌnˈʃeltəd/ adj.  not sheltered 未遮盖(或保护)的，无遮盖(或保护)的；暴露的

unshielded /ʌnˈʃi:ldid/ adj.  not shielded or protected 无防护的；无遮蔽的；无屏蔽的

unship /ʌnˈʃip/ v. tr. (unshipped, unshipping)  1  remove or discharge (a cargo or passenger) from a ship 从船上卸下(货物)；使(旅客)下船 2 esp. Naut.  remove (an object, esp. a mast or oar) from a fixed position 【海】把(桅杆、桨等船具)从固定位置移开(或解下、收起)

unshockable /ʌnˈʃɒkəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be shocked 不会惊愕的，处变不惊的 □ unshockability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unshockably  adv.  

unshod /ʌnˈʃɒd/ adj.  not wearing shoes 没有穿鞋的，赤脚的

unshorn /ʌnˈʃɔ:n/ adj.  not shorn 未剪过毛的；未修剪过的；未修面(或刮脸)的

unshrinkable /ʌnˈʃriŋkəb(ə)l/ adj. (of fabric etc.) not liable to shrink (指织物等)不会收缩的；防缩的 □ unshrinkability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unshrinking /ʌnˈʃriŋkiŋ/ adj.  unhesitating, fearless 不畏缩的，不退缩的；无畏的 □ unshrinkingly  adv.  

unsighted /ʌnˈsaitid/ adj.  1  not sighted or seen 未被看见的，不在视野中的 2  prevented from seeing, esp. by an obstruction (尤指被障碍物挡住)看不见的

unsightly /ʌnˈsaitli/ adj.  unpleasant to look at, ugly 不悦目的，不好看的，难看的 □ unsightliness  n.  

unsigned /ʌnˈsaind/ adj.  not signed 未签名的，没有署名的

unsinkable /ʌnˈsiŋkəb(ə)l/ adj.  unable to be sunk 不会下沉的；不易下沉的 □ unsinkability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unsized1 /ʌnˈsaizd/ adj.  1  not made to a size 不依一定尺寸制造的 2  not sorted by size 不依尺码大小分类(或排列)的；不分大小的

unsized2 /ʌnˈsaizd/ adj.  not treated with size 未上胶(或浆)的

unskilful /ʌnˈskilfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] unskillful)  not skilful 技术不好的；制作粗陋的；不灵巧的；无技术的，无才艺的；不熟练的 □ unskilfully  adv.  □ unskilfulness  n.  

unskilled /ʌnˈskild/ adj.  lacking or not needing special skill or training 无(特殊)技能的；未受专门训练的；不熟练的，不擅长的；不灵巧的；无经验的；无需(特殊)技能的；不需专门训练的

unskimmed /ʌnˈskimd/ adj. (of milk) not skimmed (指牛奶)未脱脂的，全脂的

unslakeable /ʌnˈsleikəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 unslakable)  that cannot be slaked or quenched 不能(或无法)被消除的；不能被平息的，无法平息的

unsleeping /ʌnˈsli:piŋ/ adj.  not or never sleeping 不睡觉(或休息)的，不眠的；醒的；经常警觉的，时刻戒备的 □ unsleepingly  adv.  

unsliced /ʌnˈslaist/ adj. (esp. of a loaf of bread when it is bought) not having been cut into slices (尤指购买的一整条面包)未切成片的

unsling /ʌnˈsliŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. unslung)  free from being slung or suspended 从悬挂处取下；解开…的吊索，解开吊索放下

unsmiling /ʌnˈsmailiŋ/ adj.  not smiling 不笑的，面无笑容的；严肃的，庄重的 □ unsmilingly  adv.  □ unsmilingness  n.  

unsmoked /ʌnˈsməʊkt/ adj.  1  not cured by smoking 未经熏制的；非熏制的  unsmoked bacon  非熏制的咸猪肉 2  not consumed by smoking 未抽吸的  an unsmoked cigar  未抽的雪茄

unsnap /ʌnˈsnæp/ v. tr. (unsnapped, unsnapping)  undo, unfasten, or open with a snap 松开，解开，打开

unsnarl /ʌnˈsnɑ:l/ v. tr.  disentangle 解开…的纠结，松开…的乱结；解决(纠纷)

unsociable /ʌnˈsəʊʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  not sociable, disliking the company of others 不爱交际(或交游)的；不善交际的；避免(或厌恶)社交的；不合群的，孤独的；沉默寡言的 □ unsociability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unsociableness  n.  □ unsociably  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 Unsociable is easily confused with unsocial and antisocial because there is some overlap in meanings. Antisocial is sometimes used to mean ‘unsociable’, and (mistakenly) to mean ‘unsocial’ (sense 2), while unsocial is sometimes used to mean ‘antisocial’. However, these are not the words' primary meanings. 由于 unsociable 同 unsocial 和 antisocial 意义上有重叠，故而易混淆。 antisocial 有时指“ unsociable ”，有时(误)指“ unsocial ”(释义 2) ，而 unsocial 有时指“ antisocial ”。但是，这些用法不是这些词的基本意义。 

unsocial /ʌnˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ adj.  1  not social; not suitable for, seeking, or conforming to society 非社会的；不适合社会的；不适应社会的；不合群的 2 Brit.  outside the normal working day [英]正常工作日以外的；加班的  unsocial hours  加班工时 3  antisocial 反社会的 □ unsocially  adv.  ■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Notes at ANTISOCIAL and UNSOCIABLE. 见 ANTISOCIAL 和 UNSOCIABLE 的用法说明。 

unsocialist /ʌnˈsəʊʃəlist/ adj.  not socialist 非社会主义者

unsoiled /ʌnˈsɔild/ adj.  not soiled or dirtied 未弄脏的，洁净的，清洁的；未受玷污的，清白的；未被败坏的

unsold /ʌnˈsəʊld/ adj.  not sold 未售出的，未卖掉的

unsolder /ʌnˈsəʊldə, ʌnˈsɒl-/ v. tr.  undo the soldering of 把…脱焊，拆焊；使分离

unsoldierly /ʌnˈsəʊldʒəli/ adj.  not soldierly 非军人的；不像军人的；不适于军人的；不英勇的

unsolicited /ʌnsəˈlisitid/ adj.  not asked for; given or done voluntarily 未经请求(或恳求)的，没有被要求的；主动给予(或做了)的 □ unsolicitedly  adv.  

unsolvable /ʌnˈsɒlvəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be solved, insoluble 无法解决的；无法解释的，无法解答的；不能溶解的 □ unsolvability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unsolvableness  n.  

unsolved /ʌnˈsɒlvd/ adj.  not solved 未解决的；未解答的

unsophisticated /ʌnsəˈfistikeitid/ adj.  1  artless, simple, natural, ingenuous 不懂世故的；天真的；质朴的；头脑简单的；不复杂的，简单的 2  not adulterated or corrupted; not artificial 不搀杂的，真的，纯的；未变化的；未腐化的 □ unsophisticatedly  adv.  □ unsophisticatedness  n.  □ unsophistication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

unsorted /ʌnˈsɔ:tid/ adj.  not sorted 未分类的，未分级的；未按顺序排列(或整理)的；未经挑选的

unsought /ʌnˈsɔ:t/ adj.  1  not searched out or sought for 未经寻求(或追求)的 2  unasked; without being requested 未经请求(或要求)的；主动提供的

unsound /ʌnˈsaʊnd/ adj.  1  unhealthy, diseased 不正常的；不健全的，不健康的；情况不佳的 2  rotten, weak 腐烂的；不结实的，不牢固的 3  a  ill-founded, fallacious 无根据的，不真实的；谬误的b  unorthodox, heretical 非正统的，异端的 4  unreliable 不牢靠的，不可靠的 5  wicked 坏的；邪恶的 □ of unsound mind   insane 精神失常的□ unsoundly  adv.  □ unsoundness  n.  

unsounded1 /ʌnˈsaʊndid/ adj.  1  not uttered or pronounced 未说出的；未发音的 2  not made to sound 不发音的

unsounded2 /ʌnˈsaʊndid/ adj.  unfathomed 未测过深度的；未经探测的；未经试探的

unsoured /ʌnˈsaʊəd/ adj.  not soured 未变酸的；未变得不愉快的

unsown /ʌnˈsəʊn/ adj.  not sown 未播种的

unsparing /ʌnˈspɛəriŋ/ adj.  1  lavish, profuse 不吝惜的，大方的 2  merciless 不宽恕的，严厉的，无情的 □ unsparingly  adv.  □ unsparingness  n.  

unspeakable /ʌnˈspi:kəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be expressed in words 说不出的，难以用言语表达的，无法形容的 2  indescribably bad or objectionable 坏透了的；极其令人厌恶的 □ unspeakableness  n.  □ unspeakably  adv.  

unspeaking /ʌnˈspi:kiŋ/ adj. literary  not speaking; silent [文学用语]不讲话的；沉默的

unspecialized /ʌnˈspeʃ(ə)laizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not specialized 非专业化的；非专科的；不特殊化的；一般化的

unspecific /ʌnspiˈsifik/ adj.  not specific; general, inexact 非特有的，非特定的；不具体的，不明确的，模糊的

unspecified /ʌnˈspesifaid/ adj.  not specified 未特指的；未特别规定的；未具体说明(或提到、列举)的

unspectacular /ʌnspekˈtækjʊlə/ adj.  not spectacular; dull 不引人注意的，不惊人的 □ unspectacularly  adv.  

unspent /ʌnˈspent/ adj.  1  not expended or used 尚未动用的；未花费的 2  not exhausted or used up 未耗尽的，没有用完的

unspilled /ʌnˈspild/ adj.  not spilt 未溢出的；未流出的

unspilt /ʌnˈspilt/ adj.  not spilt 未溢出的；未流出的

unspiritual /ʌnˈspiritʃʊəl, -tjʊəl/ adj.  not spiritual; earthly, worldly 非精神(上)的，非心灵(上)的；非宗教的；肉体的；尘世的 □ unspirituality  /-ʊˈæliti/ n.  □ unspiritually  adv.  

unspoiled /ʌnˈspɔild/ adj.  1  unspoilt 未受损坏的；未被宠坏的 2  not plundered 未受抢劫(或掠夺)的

unspoilt /ʌnˈspɔilt/ adj.  not spoilt 未受损坏的；未被宠坏的

unspoken /ʌnˈspəʊk(ə)n/ adj.  1  not expressed in speech 未说出口的；不表达出来的 2  not uttered as speech 无言的，缄默的

unsponsored /ʌnˈspɒnsəd/ adj.  not supported or promoted by a sponsor 无人赞助的；无人支持的

unspool /ʌnˈspu:l/ v.  1 tr. & intr.  unwind from or as if from a spool (从线轴上)退绕；展开，放松，伸直 2  a tr.  screen (a film) 放映(电影)b intr. (of a film) be screened (指电影)放映

unsporting /ʌnˈspɔ:tiŋ/ adj.  not sportsmanlike; not fair or generous 与运动员身份不相称的；不像运动员的；无运动员道德的；不公正的，不光明正大的 □ unsportingly  adv.  

unsportsmanlike /ʌnˈspɔ:tsmənlaik/ adj.  unsporting 不像运动员的；与运动员身份不相称的；不公正的，不光明正大的；没有运动员风格的

unspotted /ʌnˈspɒtid/ adj.  1  a  not marked with a spot or spots 无污点的；没有斑点的b  morally pure 道德上无污点的；无瑕疵的，纯洁的，清白的 2  unnoticed 不受注意的，被忽视的

unsprayed /ʌnˈspreid/ adj.  not sprayed, esp. (of crops etc.) with a pesticide (尤指庄稼等)未喷洒农药的

unsprung /ʌnˈsprʌŋ/ adj.  not provided with a spring or springs; not resilient 没有安装弹簧的；不弹起的，不弹跳的

unstable /ʌnˈsteib(ə)l/ adj. (unstabler, unstablest)  1  not stable 不稳定的；不坚定的；易动摇的；不稳固的；不固定的；不牢靠的；不坚实的；不安全的 2  changeable 易变的；多变的，动荡不定的；反复无常的 3  showing a tendency to sudden mental or emotional changes (指情绪等)不稳定的；多变的；波动的 □ unstableness  n.  □ unstably  adv.  

unstable equilibrium n.  a state in which a body when disturbed tends to move farther from equilibrium 不稳定平衡

unstained /ʌnˈsteind/ adj.  not stained 未被沾污的；不变色的；(道德上)无污点的；无瑕疵的，纯洁的，清白的

unstamped /ʌnˈstæmpt/ adj.  1  not marked by stamping 未盖印(或戳、章)的 2  not having a stamp affixed 未贴邮票(或印花)的

unstarched /ʌnˈstɑ:tʃt/ adj.  not starched 未上浆的；不僵硬的；不生硬的，不拘泥的

unstated /ʌnˈsteitid/ adj.  not stated or declared 未规定的；不固定的；未陈述的；未阐明的，未明确说明的；未公开宣布的

unstatesmanlike /ʌnˈsteitsmənlaik/ adj.  not statesmanlike 不像政治家的；无政治家风度(或才能)的；与政治家身份不相称的

unstatutable /ʌnˈstætjʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.  contrary to a statute or statutes 与法令相反的；不符合法令的，非法定的 □ unstatutably  adv.  

unsteadfast /ʌnˈstedfɑ:st, -fəst/ adj.  not steadfast 不固定的；不稳定的；变动的；不坚定的，不坚决的；不坚信的；犹豫不决的

unsteady /ʌnˈstedi/ adj. (unsteadier, unsteadiest)  1  not steady or firm 不稳固的；不平稳的；摇摆的，摇晃的；不坚固的 2  changeable, fluctuating 易变的；多变的；不可靠的；波动的 3  not uniform or regular 无规律的；反复无常的 □ unsteadily  adv.  □ unsteadiness  n.  

unsterile /ʌnˈsterail/ adj.  1 (of a syringe etc.) not sterile (指注射器等)未消毒的 2  productive 不贫瘠的；可繁殖的；能生育的；多产的

unstick v. & n. ●v. /ʌnˈstik/ (past and past part. unstuck)  1 tr.  separate (a thing stuck to another) 使不再粘着；扯开，松开(粘着的东西) 2 Brit. Aeron. colloq. [英]【空】[口]  a intr.  take off 起飞b tr.  cause (an aircraft) to take off 使(飞机)起飞 ●n. /ˈʌnstik/ Brit. Aeron. colloq. [英]【空】[口]  the moment of take-off (飞机)起飞的时刻 □ come unstuck  colloq.  come to grief, fail [口]失败

unstinted /ʌnˈstintid/ adj.  not stinted 不受限制的，无拘束的；不吝啬的，慷慨的；丰富的，充裕的 □ unstintedly  adv.  

unstinting /ʌnˈstintiŋ/ adj.  ungrudging, lavish 无限制的；不吝啬的，慷慨的 □ unstintingly  adv.  

unstirred /ʌnˈstɜ:d/ adj.  not stirred 没有被搅动(过)的；未受激动的

unstitch /ʌnˈstitʃ/ v. tr.  undo the stitches of 拆…的缝线；拆掉缝线以解开(或松开)

unstop /ʌnˈstɒp/ v. tr. (unstopped, unstopping)  1  free from obstruction 除去…的障碍；打通 2  remove the stopper from 拔去…的塞子(或栓)

unstoppable /ʌnˈstɒpəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be stopped or prevented 止不住的，不可阻挡的，制止不了的 □ unstoppability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unstoppably  adv.  

unstopper /ʌnˈstɒpə/ v. tr.  remove the stopper from 拔去…的塞子(或栓)

unstrained /ʌnˈstreind/ adj.  1  not subjected to straining or stretching 未拉紧的；不紧张的 2  not injured by overuse or excessive demands 未(由于过度使用)变形的；未(因使用过多)损伤的 3  not forced or produced by effort 非勉强的，非被迫的；自然的 4  not passed through a strainer 未过滤的，未滤净的

unstrap /ʌnˈstræp/ v. tr. (unstrapped, unstrapping)  undo the strap or straps of 解开(或松开)…的带子

unstreamed /ʌnˈstri:md/ adj. Brit. (of schoolchildren) not arranged in streams [英] (指学童)不按智力分班的

unstressed /ʌnˈstrest/ adj.  1 (of a word, syllable, etc.) not pronounced with stress (指词、音节等)非重读的，无重音的 2  not subjected to stress 不着重的，不强调的

unstring /ʌnˈstriŋ/ v. tr. (past and past part. unstrung)  1  remove or relax the string or strings of (a bow, harp, etc.) 解下(或放松) (弓、竖琴等的)弦(或线) 2  remove from a string 从弦(或线)上取下 3 (esp. as 尤作 unstrung adj.)  unnerve 使丧失勇气；使紧张不安；使混乱，使不稳定

unstructured /ʌnˈstrʌktʃəd/ adj.  1  not structured 没有特定结构(或系统)的；非系统组成的；未组织的，松散的 2  informal 不正式的，不拘礼节的；自由的，随便的

unstuck past and past part.  of UNSTICK 

unstudied /ʌnˈstʌdid/ adj.  easy, natural, spontaneous 不矫揉造作的；轻松的，自然的，自发的 □ unstudiedly  adv.  

unstuffed /ʌnˈstʌft/ adj.  not stuffed 未填塞(或装满)的；不拥挤的

unstuffy /ʌnˈstʌfi/ adj.  1  informal, casual 不拘礼节的，随便的 2  not stuffy 通气的；凉爽的；活跃的；有趣的；(鼻子)通畅的

unstylish /ʌnˈstailiʃ/ adj.  1  lacking style 缺乏时尚的 2  unfashionable 不流行的，不时兴的

unsubdued /ʌnsəbˈdju:d/ adj.  not subdued 没有被征服的；不屈服的；未被抑制的；未克制住的

unsubjugated /ʌnˈsʌbdʒʊɡeitid/ adj.  not subjugated 没有被征服的；不屈服的；不处于被奴役(或受统治)地位的；未被抑制的；未克制住的；未减弱的；未缓和的

unsubstantial /ʌnsəbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj.  having little or no solidity, reality, or factual basis 无事实根据的；浅薄的；不现实的；不充实的；不坚固的，不结实的；分量不足的；乏力的；非物质的；无实质的 □ unsubstantiality  /-ʃiˈæliti/ n.  □ unsubstantially  adv.  

unsubstantiated /ʌnsəbˈstænʃieitid/ adj.  not substantiated 未经证实的，无事实根据的

unsubtle /ʌnˈsʌt(ə)l/ adj.  not subtle; obvious, clumsy 不敏锐的；明显的；笨拙的 □ unsubtly  adv.  

unsuccess /ʌnsəkˈses/ n.  1  lack of success; failure 不成功，失败 2  an instance of this 失败的人(或事)

unsuccessful /ʌnsəkˈsesfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not successful 不成功的，失败的 □ unsuccessfully  adv.  □ unsuccessfulness  n.  

unsugared /ʌnˈʃʊɡəd/ adj.  not sugared 未加糖的，不放糖的

unsuggestive /ʌnsəˈdʒestiv/ adj.  not suggestive 无暗示的；不引起联想的；无挑逗意味的，不含猥亵意味的

unsuitable /ʌnˈsu:təb(ə)l, -ˈsju:t-/ adj.  not suitable 不合适的；不适当的，不适宜的；不相称的 □ unsuitability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unsuitableness  n.  □ unsuitably  adv.  

unsuited /ʌnˈsu:tid, ʌnˈsju:t-/ adj.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  not fit for a purpose 不适合(某一目的)的；不相称的 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to)  not adapted 不适应的；不适宜的

unsullied /ʌnˈsʌlid/ adj.  not sullied 没弄脏的，洁净的；未受污染的；没有污点的；无瑕疵的；未受玷污的；无缺点的；无过失的；清白的

unsummoned /ʌnˈsʌmənd/ adj.  not summoned 未被召集(或传唤、邀请)的

unsung /ʌnˈsʌŋ/ adj.  1  not celebrated in song; unknown 未被歌颂(或赞美)的；默默无闻的 2  not sung 未唱的

unsupervised /ʌnˈsu:pəvaizd, ʌnˈsju:-/ adj.  not supervised 未受监管的；未受监督的

unsupportable /ʌnsəˈpɔ:təb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be endured 不能容忍的；难以承受的 2  indefensible 无根据的；站不住脚的 □ unsupportably  adv.  

unsupported /ʌnsəˈpɔ:tid/ adj.  not supported 未得到支持(或支援、赞助、维护)的；未经证实的；无支撑的

unsupportive /ʌnsəˈpɔ:tiv/ adj.  not giving support 不支持的，不拥护的

unsure /ʌnˈʃʊə/ adj.  not sure 缺乏自信的；无把握的；不明确的；不肯定的；不稳定的；不可靠的 □ unsurely  adv.  □ unsureness  n.  

unsurfaced /ʌnˈsɜ:fist/ adj. (of a road etc.) not provided with a surface (指马路等)泥土路面的

unsurpassable /ʌnsəˈpɑ:səb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be surpassed 无法超越的 □ unsurpassably  adv.  

unsurpassed /ʌnsəˈpɑ:st/ adj.  not surpassed 未被超越(或胜过)的；超群的，无与伦比的，卓绝的

unsurprised /ʌnsəˈpraizd/ adj.  not surprised 不惊讶的；不惊奇的

unsurprising /ʌnsəˈpraiziŋ/ adj.  not surprising 不令人惊讶的；不令人惊奇的 □ unsurprisingly  adv.  

unsusceptible /ʌnsəˈseptib(ə)l/ adj.  not susceptible 不易受感动的；不敏感的；不易受感染的；不易受影响的 □ unsusceptibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unsuspected /ʌnsəˈspektid/ adj.  not suspected 不受怀疑的，无嫌疑的；未被想到的，未被猜测到的 □ unsuspectedly  adv.  

unsuspecting /ʌnsəˈspektiŋ/ adj.  not suspecting 不怀疑的，不猜疑的；无猜疑心的；未料想到的 □ unsuspectingly  adv.  □ unsuspectingness  n.  

unsuspicious /ʌnsəˈspiʃəs/ adj.  not suspicious 不引起怀疑的，不可疑的；不怀疑的，不疑心的，无猜疑的；不多疑的 □ unsuspiciously  adv.  □ unsuspiciousness  n.  

unsustainable /ʌnsəˈsteinəb(ə)l/ adj.  not sustainable 无法支撑(或维持、忍受)的；无法进一步巩固的；不能证实的 □ unsustainably  adv.  

unsustained /ʌnsəˈsteind/ adj.  not sustained 不持续的，不持久的，未保持的；不受支持的

unswathe /ʌnˈsweið/ v. tr.  free from being swathed 解开…的裹布(或绷带等)；揭开…的覆盖物；展开；拆开

unswayed /ʌnˈsweid/ adj.  uninfluenced, unaffected 不动摇的，不为所动的；不受影响的

unsweetened /ʌnˈswi:t(ə)nd/ adj.  not sweetened 未加糖的，未使变甜的；不甜的

unswept /ʌnˈswept/ adj.  not swept 未(打)扫过的

unswerving /ʌnˈswɜ:viŋ/ adj.  1  steady, constant 坚定(不移)的；(坚持)不懈的 2  not turning aside 不(走)歪的，不偏离的，直的 □ unswervingly  adv.  

unsworn /ʌnˈswɔ:n/ adj.  1 (of a person) not subjected to or bound by an oath (指人)不受誓言束缚的；未宣过誓的 2  not confirmed by an oath 未被庄重宣告的；未受严肃对待的

unsymmetrical /ʌnsiˈmetrik(ə)l/ adj.  not symmetrical 不对称的；不匀称的 □ unsymmetrically  adv.  

unsympathetic /ˌʌnsimpəˈθetik/ adj.  not sympathetic 不同情的，不表示同情的；无同情心的，冷漠无情的；无反应的 □ unsympathetically  adv.  

unsystematic /ˌʌnsistəˈmætik/ adj.  not systematic 无系统(或体系、规则、组织)的；无秩序(或条理)的，紊乱的 □ unsystematically  adv.  

untack /ʌnˈtæk/ v. tr.  detach, esp. by removing tacks (尤指去除平头钉以)放松(或拆下)

untainted /ʌnˈteintid/ adj.  not tainted 未被沾染的；未腐坏的；没有污点的，清白无瑕的

untalented /ʌnˈtæləntid/ adj.  not talented 没有天赋的；缺乏才能的；不聪明的

untameable /ʌnˈteiməb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 untamable)  that cannot be tamed 不可驯养的；难驯服的；不能制服的

untamed /ʌnˈteimd/ adj.  not tamed, wild 未经驯服的；野性的；未制服的

untangle /ʌnˈtæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  free from a tangled state 解开…的纠结 2  free from entanglement 整顿，清理；使不再紊乱

untanned /ʌnˈtænd/ adj.  not tanned (指皮革)未鞣的；(指皮)未硝的；(指皮肤)未晒黑的

untapped /ʌnˈtæpt/ adj.  not (yet) tapped or wired 未开孔的；未去塞的；(尚)未利用的，(尚)未开发的  untapped resources  未开发资源

untarnished /ʌnˈtɑ:niʃt/ adj.  not tarnished 未失去光泽的，光泽未减的；未受玷污的；未被污染的；无瑕疵的；无污点的

untasted /ʌnˈteistid/ adj.  not tasted 未被尝过的；未经辨味的；未体验过的

untaught /ʌnˈtɔ:t/ adj.  1  not instructed by teaching; ignorant 未受教育的；未受训练的；无知的 2  not acquired by teaching; natural, spontaneous 无师自通的，不教自会的；天生的，自然的；自发的

untaxed /ʌnˈtækst/ adj.  not required to pay or not attracting taxes 免税的；未完税的

unteach /ʌnˈti:tʃ/ v. tr. (past and past part. untaught)  1  cause (a person) to forget or discard previous knowledge 使(某人)忘却(或抛弃)以前学过的东西 2  remove from the mind (something known or taught) by different teaching 用不同的教法使(已知或已教过的东西)被忘却

unteachable /ʌnˈti:tʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  incapable of being instructed 不可教的；不听教诲的；难驯服的；顽冥的 2  that cannot be imparted by teaching 不适合教的；无法传授的

untearable /ʌnˈtɛərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be torn 不能撕开的；扯不破的；拔不掉的

untechnical /ʌnˈteknik(ə)l/ adj.  not technical 非技术的；非专门性的；缺乏技术训练的

untempered /ʌnˈtempəd/ adj. (of metal etc.) not brought to the proper hardness or consistency (指金属等)未达到适当的硬度(或强度)的；未回火的；未经锻炼的

untenable /ʌnˈtenəb(ə)l/ adj. (of an argument, position, etc.) not tenable; that cannot be defended (指论点、立场等)站不住脚的，经不起抨击的；防守不住的，不能守卫的；难维持的 □ untenability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ untenableness  n.  □ untenably  adv.  

untended /ʌnˈtendid/ adj.  not tended; neglected 未受到照料的，被忽视的

untenured /ʌnˈtenjəd/ adj.  not tenured 未授予终身职位的

Untermensch /ˈʊntəmentʃ, 德 ˈʊntərmɛnʃ/ n. (pl. -menschen /-menʃən/)  a person considered racially or socially inferior (认为在种族或社会地位上为)下等人；劣等人 [German]

untested /ʌnˈtestid/ adj.  not tested or proved 未经试验的，未受测试的；未经证实的 □ untestable  /-təb(ə)l/ adj.  

untether /ʌnˈteðə/ v. tr.  release (an animal) from a tether 把(动物)从系绳(或系链)上解下，松开

untethered /ʌnˈteðəd/ adj.  not tethered 没有被系住的；不受束缚(或限制、限定)的

unthanked /ʌnˈθæŋ(k)t/ adj.  not thanked 没有得到感谢的，未受答谢的；不被领情的

unthankful /ʌnˈθæŋkfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not thankful 不感激的，无感谢之心的 □ unthankfully  adv.  □ unthankfulness  n.  

untheorized /ʌnˈθiəraizd/ adj. (also 亦作 -ised)  not elaborated from a fundamental theory 无理论基础的；无理论根据的

unthinkable /ʌnˈθiŋkəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that cannot be imagined or grasped by the mind 不能考虑的；不能想像的，不可思议的 2 colloq.  highly unlikely or undesirable [口]极不可能的；极不可取的 □ unthinkability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unthinkableness  n.  □ unthinkably  adv.  

unthinking /ʌnˈθiŋkiŋ/ adj.  1  thoughtless 欠考虑的，考虑不周的；不假思索的 2  unintentional, inadvertent 不经意的；不注意的，轻率的；无意的 □ unthinkingly  adv.  □ unthinkingness  n.  

unthought /ʌnˈθɔ:t/ adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not thought of 没有想到的；未假思索的，未经预先考虑的；想像不出的；没有预料到的

unthread /ʌnˈθred/ v. tr.  1  take the thread out of (a needle etc.) 从(针等)把线抽出 2  find one's way out of (a maze) 觅路穿出(迷宫)

unthreatening /ʌnˈθret(ə)niŋ/ adj.  not threatening or aggressive; safe 不危险的；不咄咄逼人的；安全的

unthrifty /ʌnˈθrifti/ adj.  1  wasteful, extravagant, prodigal 不节约的，不节俭的；浪费的；奢侈的 2  not thriving or flourishing 不繁茂的；不兴旺的；不欣欣向荣的 □ unthriftily  adv.  □ unthriftiness  n.  

unthrone /ʌnˈθrəʊn/ v. tr.  dethrone 使退位，废黜；罢…的官

untidy /ʌnˈtaidi/ adj. (untidier, untidiest)  not neat or orderly 不整洁的，邋遢的；不修边幅的；懒散的；不整齐的，凌乱的；混乱的；无条理的 □ untidily  adv.  □ untidiness  n.  

untie /ʌnˈtai/ v. tr. (pres. part. untying)  1  undo (a knot etc.) 解开(绳结等) 2  unfasten the cords etc. of (a package etc.) 解开；放松；打开(包裹等的)绳 3  release from bonds or attachment 释放，解放；使自由；解除…的束缚(或约束) [Old English untīgan (as UN-2, TIE)]

untied /ʌnˈtaid/ adj.  not tied 没有系(或绑、扎、捆)住的；不受束缚(或约束)的

until /ənˈtil/ prep. & conj.  = TILL1  [originally northern Middle English untill, from Old Norse und ‘as far as’ + TILL1]■Usage 用法说明 Until, as opposed to till, is used especially at the beginning of a sentence and in formal style, e.g. Until you told me, I had no idea; He resided there until his decease. until 与 till 相比，尤用于句首和正式文体。例如 : until you told me, I had no idea (你不告诉我，我还一直不知道呢。)； He resided there until his decease (他一直住在那直到去世。).

untilled /ʌnˈtild/ adj.  not tilled 未耕耘的；未开垦的

untimely /ʌnˈtaimli/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  inopportune 不适时的，不是时候的；不合时令的，不合季节的 2 (of death) premature (指死亡)过早的，夭折的 ●adv. archaic [古义]  1  inopportunely 不合时宜地 2  prematurely 过早地；过于年轻地 □ untimeliness  n.  

untinged /ʌnˈtin(d)ʒd/ adj.  not tinged 未被(淡淡)着色(或染色)的；未退色的；未受些微感染(或影响)的

untiring /ʌnˈtaiəriŋ/ adj.  tireless 不会(或不易)疲劳的；不倦的；不屈不挠的；坚持不懈的 □ untiringly  adv.  

untitled /ʌnˈtait(ə)ld/ adj.  having no title 无称号的，无头衔的；无爵位的；未命名的，没有名字的；无标题的，无书名的

unto /ˈʌntʊ/ prep. archaic [古义]  = TOprep. (in all senses except sense 2, introducing the infinitive 适用所有释义，后跟不定式的释义 2 除外) (do unto others 对别人做 ; faithful unto death 至死不渝 ; take unto oneself 专为某人自己所有)  [Middle English from UNTIL, with TO replacing northern TILL1]

untold /ʌnˈtəʊld/ adj.  1  not told 未说过的，未被讲述过的；未透露的，保密的 2  not (able to be) counted or measured 数不清的，无数的；不可计量的，无限的；非常大的，巨大的；非常强烈的，无法形容的  untold misery  极度的痛苦 [Old English untēald (as UN-1, TOLD)]

untouchable /ʌnˈtʌtʃəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that may not or cannot be touched 不可触摸的，碰不得的；不可捉摸的，无形的；(指因僻远而)达不到的，不可及的；不能触及的，碰不着的 ●n.  a member of a hereditary Hindu group held to defile members of higher castes on contact 不可接触者，贱民(指印度种姓制度中最低阶层的人) □ untouchability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ untouchableness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 The use of the term untouchable and the social restrictions accompanying it were declared illegal under the Indian constitution in 1949. untouchable 一词的这种用法及与之相伴的社会歧视制度已于 1949 年在印度宪法中被宣布为非法。 

untouched /ʌnˈtʌtʃt/ adj.  1  not touched 未触摸过的，没有被碰过的 2  not affected physically; not harmed, modified, used, or tasted 未受损伤的；未改变的；未受影响的；未使用的；未尝过的 3  not affected by emotion 未受感动的 4  not discussed 未被论及的；未提及的

untoward /ʌntəˈwɔ:d, ʌnˈtəʊəd/ adj.  1  inconvenient, unlucky 麻烦的；不方便的；棘手的；不幸的，倒霉的；灾难的；不祥的，不吉利的 2  awkward 笨拙的 3  perverse, refractory 难对付的；不合常情的；不近情理的；倔强的，固执的 4  unseemly 不适宜的，不适当的 □ untowardly  adv.  □ untowardness  n.  

untraceable /ʌnˈtreisəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be traced 难以追踪(或跟踪)的；难以查出的；难描绘(或摹写)的 □ untraceably  adv.  

untraced /ʌnˈtreist/ adj.  not traced 未找到踪迹的；未被跟踪的；未留下痕迹的；未标出的

untracked /ʌnˈtrækt/ adj.  1  not marked with tracks from skis etc. 无痕的；未留下(滑雪板等的)痕迹的 2  having no previously-trodden track; unexplored 无人走过(或通过)的；无路的；没有探索过的 3  not traced or followed 无人跟踪的

untraditional /ʌntrəˈdiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  not traditional; unusual 非传统的；不寻常的，与众不同的

untrained /ʌnˈtreind/ adj.  not trained 未受训练(或培养)的；无纪律的；无教养的 □ untrainable  adj.  

untrammelled /ʌnˈtræm(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] untrameled)  not trammelled, unhampered 不受妨碍(或限制、约束)的；自由自在的

untransferable /ʌntrænsˈfɜ:rəb(ə)l, ʌnˈtrænsf(ə)r-, ʌntrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  not transferable 不可转移(或转让)的

untransformed /ʌntrænsˈfɔ:md, ʌntrɑ:ns-, -nz-/ adj.  that has not or has not been transformed 未(被)转换的；未(被)改变的，未(被)更改的；未(被)改造的；未(被)变形的

untranslatable /ʌntrænsˈleitəb(ə)l, ʌntræns-, -zˈleit-/ adj.  that cannot be translated 不能翻译的，无法翻译的 □ untranslatability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ untranslatably  adv.  □ untranslated  /-tid/ adj.  

untransportable /ʌntrænˈspɔ:təb(ə)l, ʌntrɑ:n-/ adj.  that cannot be transported 不能运输(或运送)的；不可移动的

untravelled /ʌnˈtræv(ə)ld/ adj. (US [美] untraveled)  1  that has not travelled 未旅行过的 2  that has not been travelled over or through 未踏踩过的；无旅人到过的，人迹罕至的，无人烟的

untreatable /ʌnˈtri:təb(ə)l/ adj. (of a disease etc.) that cannot be treated (指疾病等)不能被治疗的；无法救治的

untreated /ʌnˈtri:tid/ adj.  not treated 未处理的，未加工的；未精制的；未治疗的；未款待的

untrendy /ʌnˈtrendi/ adj. colloq.  not trendy [口]不流行的；不时髦的

untried /ʌnˈtraid/ adj.  1  not tried or tested 未经试验的，未经检验的；未尝试过的；未经考验的；未被证实的 2  inexperienced 无经验的，不熟练的 3  not yet tried by a judge 未经审讯的；未审理的

untrimmed /ʌnˈtrimd/ adj.  1  left uncut or in an irregular shape 未弄整齐(或整洁)的；未经整理的；未经修剪的；杂乱的；未切边的 2  not adorned 未装饰的

untrodden /ʌnˈtrɒd(ə)n/ adj.  not trodden, stepped on, or traversed 未被踩踏过的；没有人走过的；人迹罕至的

untroubled /ʌnˈtrʌb(ə)ld/ adj.  not troubled; calm, tranquil 不烦恼的，无忧无虑的；未被扰乱的，未受骚扰的；平静的，安宁的

untrue /ʌnˈtru:/ adj.  1  not true, contrary to what is the fact 不真实的，与事实相反的；假的，虚伪的；不正确的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  not faithful or loyal 不忠实的；不忠诚的 3  deviating from an accepted standard 不合标准的 □ untruly  adv.   [Old English untrēowe etc. (as UN-1, TRUE)]

untruss /ʌnˈtrʌs/ v. tr.  unfasten (esp. a trussed fowl) 解开，松开(尤指捆绑着的家禽)

untrusting /ʌnˈtrʌstiŋ/ adj.  not trusting; suspicious 不信任的；怀疑的；可疑的

untrustworthy /ʌnˈtrʌs(t)wɜ:ði/ adj.  not trustworthy 不可信赖的，不能信任的；靠不住的 □ untrustworthiness  n.  

untruth /ʌnˈtru:θ/ n. (pl. /-ˈtru:ðz, -ˈtru:θs/)  1  the state of being untrue, falsehood 不真实；虚假，虚妄 2  a false statement 谎言，假话  told me an untruth  对我说谎 [Old English untrēowth etc. (as UN-1, TRUTH)]

untruthful /ʌnˈtru:θfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not truthful 不真实的，不正确的；假的；不说真话的，爱说谎的；不诚实的 □ untruthfully  adv.  □ untruthfulness  n.  

untuck /ʌnˈtʌk/ v. tr.  free (bedclothes etc.) from being tucked in or up 放开，松开，展开，解开，拆开(被褥床单等)

untunable /ʌnˈtju:nəb(ə)l/ adj. (of a piano etc.) that cannot be tuned (指钢琴等)不可调音的，不能调到适当音高的

untuned /ʌnˈtju:nd/ adj.  1  not in tune, not made tuneful 不合调的；未调音的 2 (of a radio receiver etc.) not tuned to any one frequency (指收音机等)未调谐的 3  not in harmony or concord, disordered 不和谐的；混乱的；紊乱的

untuneful /ʌnˈtju:nfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not tuneful (指声音)不和谐的，不悦耳的；刺耳的 □ untunefully  adv.  □ untunefulness  n.  

unturned /ʌnˈtɜ:nd/ adj.  1  not turned over, round, away, etc. 未转动的；未颠倒的；没有转向的；未翻转的 2  not shaped by turning 未(用车床)车好的；未镟好的

untutored /ʌnˈtju:təd/ adj.  uneducated, untaught 未受教师指导的；未受教育(或训练)的；无知的；无教养的；质朴的；天生的

untwine /ʌnˈtwain/ v. tr. & intr.  untwist, unwind 解开，拆开

untwist /ʌnˈtwist/ v. tr. & intr.  open from a twisted or spiralled state 解开，拆开

untying pres. part.  of UNTIE  

untypical /ʌnˈtipik(ə)l/ adj.  not typical; unusual 不典型的；非同寻常的 □ untypically  adv.  

unusable /ʌnˈju:zəb(ə)l/ adj.  not usable 不能用的

unused adj.  1 /ʌnˈju:zd/  a  not in use 不再使用的，不用的；闲(置)着的；空着的b  never having been used 从未用过的 2 /ʌnˈju:st/ (foll. by 后跟 to)  not accustomed 不习惯…的

unusual /ʌnˈju:ʒʊəl/ adj.  1  not usual 异乎寻常的，不平常的；少有的 2  exceptional, remarkable 与众不同的，非凡的；独特的，奇异的 □ unusually  adv.  □ unusualness  n.  

unutterable /ʌnˈʌt(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  inexpressible; beyond description 说不出的，无法用语言表达的；彻头彻尾的，十足的  unutterable torment  难以描述的折磨 an unutterable fool  十足的傻瓜 □ unutterably  adv.  

unuttered /ʌnˈʌtəd/ adj.  not uttered or expressed 未说出口的，没有用言词表达的；不吭声的

unvaccinated /ʌnˈvæksineitid/ adj.  not vaccinated 未接种疫苗的；未施种牛痘的

unvalued /ʌnˈvælju:d/ adj.  1  not regarded as valuable 不受重视的，不受珍视的；无足轻重的 2  not having been valued 未经估价的；未经评价的

unvanquished /ʌnˈvæŋkwiʃt/ adj.  not vanquished 未被征服的，未被战胜的，未被击败的

unvaried /ʌnˈvɛərid/ adj.  not varied 无变化的，千篇一律的；未改动的；一贯的

unvarnished /ʌnˈvɑ:niʃt/ adj.  1  not varnished 未上清漆的；未加修饰的 2 (of a statement or person) plain and straightforward (指陈述或人)无掩饰的，清楚明白的；率真的  the unvarnished truth  朴素的真理

unvarying /ʌnˈvɛəriiŋ/ adj.  not varying 无变化的；经久不变的 □ unvaryingly  adv.  □ unvaryingness  n.  

unveil /ʌnˈveil/ v.  1 tr.  remove a veil from 揭去…的面纱 2 tr.  remove a covering from (a statue, plaque, etc.) as part of the ceremony of the first public display (指举行揭幕仪式时)揭开(雕像、牌匾等上的)覆盖物 3 tr.  disclose, reveal, make publicly known 透露；揭示，揭露；公开；公布 4 intr.  remove one's veil 除去面纱，显露自己；揭幕；揭去覆盖物

unventilated /ʌnˈventileitid/ adj.  1  not provided with a means of ventilation 不通风的，空气不流通的 2  not discussed 未讨论的

unverifiable /ʌnˈverifaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be verified 无法证实的；无法核实的

unverified /ʌnˈverifaid/ adj.  not verified 未经证实的；未经核实的

unversed /ʌnˈvɜ:st/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  not experienced or skilled 不熟谙的；不熟练的；无经验的

unviable /ʌnˈvaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  not viable 不能养活的；(卵等)不能生长发育的；(种子等)不能发芽生长的；不能独立生存的；不可行的 □ unviability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

unviolated /ʌnˈvaiəleitid/ adj.  not violated 未被违反的；未受侵犯的，未受损害(或破坏)的

unvisited /ʌnˈvizitid/ adj.  not visited 未被参观访问的，不吸引游客的；被绕过的；被忽视的

unvitiated /ʌnˈviʃieitid/ adj.  not vitiated 未被污染的；未腐败的；未败坏的；纯洁的

unvoiced /ʌnˈvɔist/ adj.  1  not spoken 未用言词表达的，未说出的；无声的 2 Phonet.  not voiced 【语音】清音的，不发音的

unwaged /ʌnˈweidʒd/ adj.  not receiving a wage; out of work 没有工资收入的；失业的

unwalled /ʌnˈwɔ:ld/ adj.  without enclosing walls 没有围墙的，无墙的

unwanted /ʌnˈwɒntid/ adj.  not wanted 没人要的；不需要的；无用的；多余的

unwarlike /ʌnˈwɔ:laik/ adj.  not warlike 不适于战争的，非军事的；不好战的

unwarmed /ʌnˈwɔ:md/ adj.  not warmed 未温热过的；未被激动(或温暖)的

unwarned /ʌnˈwɔ:nd/ adj.  not warned or forewarned 未受警告的；未被告诫的

unwarrantable /ʌnˈwɒr(ə)ntəb(ə)l/ adj.  indefensible, unjustifiable 无法证明为正当的，无法辩解的；无法律依据的，未获许可的；不合法的，非法的 □ unwarrantableness  n.  □ unwarrantably  adv.  

unwarranted /ʌnˈwɒr(ə)ntid/ adj.  1  unauthorized 未经授权的 2  unjustified 无法证明为正当的，无法辩解的

unwary /ʌnˈwɛəri/ adj.  1  not cautious 不谨慎的，不小心的，粗心的 2 (often foll. by 通常后跟 of)  not aware of possible danger etc. 不警觉的，没有防备的；易受欺的，易上当的 □ unwarily  adv.  □ unwariness  n.  

unwashed /ʌnˈwɒʃt/ adj.  1  not washed 未洗的；未被冲刷的 2  not usually washed or clean 不常洗(或清洁)的

unwatchable /ʌnˈwɒtʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  disturbing or not interesting to watch (因内容令人不安或乏味而)不值得看的

unwatched /ʌnˈwɒtʃt/ adj.  not watched 未被观看的；未受监视的；被忽视的；未被妥善照看的

unwatchful /ʌnˈwɒtʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  not watchful 不警觉的，无戒备的；不注意的

unwatered /ʌnˈwɔ:təd/ adj.  not watered 除去水分的，脱水的，排水的；未洒水的，未沾湿的；未用水冲淡的，未稀释的；不供给水的；不给水喝的；干旱的，干燥的

unwavering /ʌnˈweiv(ə)riŋ/ adj.  not wavering 不动摇的，坚定的 □ unwaveringly  adv.  

unweaned /ʌnˈwi:nd/ adj.  not weaned 未断奶的，仍吃母奶的；未断绝的，未弃绝的，未脱离的

unwearable /ʌnˈwɛərəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be worn 不(再)适合穿戴的，破旧的；(指服饰等)不相配的，不合身的，难看的

unwearied /ʌnˈwiərid/ adj.  1  not wearied or tired 不疲倦的；精神抖擞的 2  never becoming weary, indefatigable 孜孜不倦的，勤奋的；不知疲倦的 3  unremitting 不屈不挠的，不懈的 □ unweariedly  adv.  □ unweariedness  n.  

unweary /ʌnˈwiəri/ adj.  not weary 不疲倦的；不厌倦的

unwearying /ʌnˈwiəriiŋ/ adj.  1  persistent 不(知)疲倦的；孜孜不倦的 2  not causing or producing weariness 不使人疲倦的；不令人厌倦的 □ unwearyingly  adv.  

unwed /ʌnˈwed/ adj.  unmarried 没有结婚的，未婚的

unwedded /ʌnˈwedid/ adj.  unmarried 没有结婚的，未婚的 □ unweddedness  n.  

unweeded /ʌnˈwi:did/ adj.  not cleared of weeds 未除(杂)草的

unweighed /ʌnˈweid/ adj.  1  not considered; hasty 未权衡过的，未经斟酌的；草率的，匆忙的 2 (of goods) not weighed (指货物)未称过的，未过磅的

unweight /ʌnˈweit/ v. tr. (usu. absol. [通常含宾])  remove the weight from (esp. a ski, by ceasing to press) 移去(或减少)…的重量(尤指减少滑雪板的压力) [back-formation from unweighted]

unwelcome /ʌnˈwelkəm/ adj.  not welcome or acceptable 不受欢迎的；没有受到热情接待的；不想要的，讨厌的；不可接受的 □ unwelcomely  adv.  □ unwelcomeness  n.  

unwelcoming /ʌnˈwelkəmiŋ/ adj.  1  having an inhospitable atmosphere 冷淡的；不好客的；不适合居住的；荒凉的 2  hostile; unfriendly 敌对的；不友好的，不友善的

unwell /ʌnˈwel/ adj.  1  not in good health; (somewhat) ill (指身体)不舒服的；(有点)生病的 2  indisposed 不舒服的；不适的

unwept /ʌnˈwept/ adj.  1  not wept for 无人悲泣的，不为人悲叹的；不被人哀悼的；无人惋惜的 2 (of tears) not wept (指泪)未流下的

unwetted /ʌnˈwetid/ adj.  not wetted 未润湿的；无泪水的

unwhipped /ʌnˈwipt/ adj.  1  not punished by or as by whipping 未遭鞭打的；未受惩罚的 2 Brit.  not subject to a party whip [英]不受政党利益支配的

unwholesome /ʌnˈhəʊls(ə)m/ adj.  1  not promoting, or detrimental to, physical or moral health 不利于身心健康的；有害身心健康的 2  unhealthy, insalubrious 不卫生的；有损健康的 3  unhealthy-looking 看上去不健康的 □ unwholesomely  adv.  □ unwholesomeness  n.  

unwieldy /ʌnˈwi:ldi/ adj. (unwieldier, unwieldiest)  cumbersome, clumsy, or hard to manage, owing to size, shape, or weight (指因大小、形状或重量的缘故)不灵便的，笨拙的或难操作的 □ unwieldily  adv.  □ unwieldiness  n.   [Middle English from UN-1 + wieldy ‘active’ (now dialect), from WIELD]

unwilling /ʌnˈwiliŋ/ adj.  not willing or inclined; reluctant 不愿意的；不乐意的；不同意的；很不情愿的，勉强给(或做)的 □ unwillingly  adv.  □ unwillingness  n.   [Old English unwillende (as UN-1, WILLING)]

unwind /ʌnˈwaind/ v. (past and past part. unwound)  1  a tr.  draw out (a thing that has been wound) 解开(缠绕之物)，解绕；展开(卷起的东西)，退卷b intr.  become drawn out after having been wound (指缠绕之物)松开，解开；(指卷起的东西等)退卷，展开；展示，呈现 2 intr. & tr. colloq.  relax [口] (使)放松；(使)松弛

unwinking /ʌnˈwiŋkiŋ/ adj.  1  not winking 不眨眼的；不动摇的 2 Brit.  watchful, vigilant [英]时刻警惕的，密切注意的 □ unwinkingly  adv.  

unwinnable /ʌnˈwinəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be won 不能赢的，不能取胜的；攻不破的

unwisdom /ʌnˈwizdəm/ n.  lack of wisdom, folly, imprudence 不智，愚昧，愚蠢；轻率，鲁莽 [Old English unwīsdōm (as UN-1, WISDOM)]

unwise /ʌnˈwaiz/ adj.  1  foolish, imprudent 愚蠢的；不审慎的，轻率的，鲁莽的 2  injudicious 不明智的；缺乏判断力的 □ unwisely  adv.   [Old English unwīs (as UN-1, WISE1)]

unwished /ʌnˈwiʃt/ adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  not wished for 非所希望的，不想要的，不受欢迎的

unwithered /ʌnˈwiðəd/ adj.  not withered; still vigorous or fresh 未枯萎的，未凋谢的；未萎缩的

unwitnessed /ʌnˈwitnist/ adj.  not witnessed 未被目睹的，未被注意到的；无证人签字(或证明)的

unwitting /ʌnˈwitiŋ/ adj.  1  unaware of the state of the case 不知道的，不知情的，没有意识到的；不知不觉的  an unwitting offender  不知情的冒犯者 2  unintentional 非故意的，无心的 □ unwittingly  adv.  □ unwittingness  n.   [Old English unwitende (as UN-1, WIT2)]

unwomanly /ʌnˈwʊmənli/ adj.  not womanly; not befitting a woman 不像女人的，与女人身份不相称的；男子气的 □ unwomanliness  n.  

unwonted /ʌnˈwəʊntid/ adj.  not customary or usual 非惯常的，不常有的；异常的 □ unwontedly  adv.  □ unwontedness  n.  

unwooded /ʌnˈwʊdid/ adj.  not wooded, treeless 不长树木的，无树木的

unworkable /ʌnˈwɜ:kəb(ə)l/ adj.  not workable; impracticable 不能使用(或操纵、操作、运转)的；不能实行的，行不通的；不切实际的 □ unworkability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ unworkableness  n.  □ unworkably  adv.  

unworked /ʌnˈwɜ:kt/ adj.  1  not wrought into shape 未制成形的，未加工过的，粗糙的 2  not exploited or turned to account 未开发的；未开采的；未利用的

unworkmanlike /ʌnˈwɜ:kmənlaik/ adj.  badly done or made 不像能工巧匠的；不娴熟的；制作粗糙的；拙劣的

unworldly /ʌnˈwɜ:ldli/ adj.  1  spiritually-minded 着重精神生活的；脱俗的 2  spiritual 精神的；非尘世的；超自然的 □ unworldliness  n.  

unworn /ʌnˈwɔ:n/ adj.  not worn or impaired by wear 未用坏(或旧)的；未穿坏(或旧)的；未磨损的

unworried /ʌnˈwʌrid/ adj.  not worried; calm 不担心的，不着急的；平静的，镇静的，沉着的

unworthy /ʌnˈwɜ:ði/ adj. (unworthier, unworthiest)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  not worthy or befitting the character of a person etc. 不值得的；不配的；与…不相称的；不合身份的 2  discreditable, unseemly 不恰当的，不适宜的；不体面的 3  contemptible, base 可鄙的，卑鄙的，可耻的 □ unworthily  adv.  □ unworthiness  n.  

unwound1 /ʌnˈwaʊnd/ adj.  not wound or wound up 未卷绕的；未上发条的；松散的

unwound2 past and past part.  of UNWIND 

unwounded /ʌnˈwu:ndid/ adj.  not wounded, unhurt 未受伤的；完好无损的

unwoven /ʌnˈwəʊv(ə)n/ adj.  not woven 未编织的；非编织的；非织物的

unwrap /ʌnˈræp/ v. (unwrapped, unwrapping)  1 tr.  remove the wrapping from 移去…上的包裹物 2 tr.  open or unfold 打开，展开 3 intr.  become unwrapped 除去包装；打开；展开

unwrinkled /ʌnˈriŋk(ə)ld/ adj.  free from wrinkles, smooth 无皱纹的，平滑的

unwritable /ʌnˈraitəb(ə)l/ adj.  that cannot be written 无法写出的；不适宜书写的

unwritten /ʌnˈrit(ə)n/ adj.  1  not written 非书面的，口头的；未写下的；(指纸等)上面没有字的，空白的 2 (of a law etc.) resting originally on custom or judicial decision, not on statute (指法律等)未成文的，惯例的，因袭的

unwrought /ʌnˈrɔ:t/ adj. (of metals) not hammered into shape or worked into a finished condition (指金属)未制成的，未最后成形的；粗糙的；未经加工的；原始状态的

unyielding /ʌnˈji:ldiŋ/ adj.  1  not yielding to pressure etc. (在压力等下)不弯曲或不让步的 2  firm, obstinate 坚决的，坚定的，顽强的；顽固的 □ unyieldingly  adv.  □ unyieldingness  n.  

unyoke /ʌnˈjəʊk/ v.  1 tr.  release from a yoke 给…卸轭；解除束缚；把…分开 2 intr.  cease work 停止工作；懈怠

unzip /ʌnˈzip/ v. tr. (unzipped, unzipping)  unfasten the zip of 拉开(拉链)；拉开…的拉链

up /ʌp/ adv., prep., adj., n. & v. ●adv.  1  at, in, or towards a higher place or position 在高处；在上面；向上；向较高处；  jumped up in the air  跳了起来 what are they doing up there?  他们在上面干什么？ 2  to or in a place regarded as higher, esp. 向或在被认为较高的地方，尤指 :a  northwards 向北方；在北方  up in Scotland  在苏格兰b Brit.  towards a major city or a university [英]朝大城市或大学方向  went up to London  上伦敦去 3 colloq.  ahead etc. as indicated [口]向前；靠近  went up front  走上前去 4  a  to or in an erect position or condition 向或处于直立的姿势；起来  stood it up  把它竖着放起来b  to or in a prepared or required position 向或处于预定或要求的位置  wound up the watch  上表(的发条)c  in or into a condition of efficiency, activity, or progress 处于有效的境况；在活动中；进入运转状态；正在进行中  stirred up trouble  惹麻烦 the house is up for sale  此屋正在出售 the hunt is up  狩猎正在进行d Baseball  at bat 【棒球】上场击球 5  in a stronger or winning position or condition 处于优势或获利地位  our team was three goals up  我们队比分超出对手 3 分 am £ 10 up on the transaction  这笔交易我赚了 10 英镑 6 (of a computer) running and available for use (指计算机)处于运行状态 7  to the place or time in question or where the speaker etc. is 到指定地点；到指定时间；向讲话人等处  a child came up to me  有个孩子朝我走来 went straight up to the door  径直朝门边走去 has been fine up till now  到目前为止一切都很好 8  at or to a higher price or value (指价格或价值)较高；从低到高  our costs are up  我们的成本较高 shares are up  股票涨了 9  a  completely or effectually 完全地，彻底地  burn up  烧光 eat up  吃尽，吃掉 tear up  撕烂，撕碎 use up  用完，用光b  more loudly or clearly (指声音)更高一些或更清楚一些  speak up  大点声 10  in a state of completion; denoting the end of availability, supply, etc. 处于结束状态；说明已用完供应物品等  time is up  时间到，到点了 11  into a compact, accumulated, or secure state (封)闭，(关)闭；牢牢地  pack up  打包 save up  储蓄，贮存 tie up  扎紧 12  out of bed 起床  are you up yet?  你已经起床了吗？ 13 (of the sun etc.) having risen (指太阳等)已经升起 14  happening, esp. unusually or unexpectedly 发生(尤指不寻常的或出乎意料的事)  something is up  出事了 15  taught or informed 学过；通晓  is well up in French  通晓法语 16 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 before)  appearing for trial etc. 出庭受审等  was up before the magistrate  在地方法院出庭受审 17 Brit. (of a road etc.) being repaired [英] (指道路等)正在修整 18 (of a jockey) in the saddle (指赛马骑手)在马鞍上 19  towards the source of a river 向(江河的)发源地；向上游 20  inland 向内地 21 (of the points etc. in a game) (指比赛中比分等):a  registered on the scoreboard 在记分牌上b  forming the total score for the time being 形成目前总分 22  upstairs, esp. to bed 向楼上(尤指去睡觉)  are you going up yet?  你要上楼去吗？ 23 (of a theatre curtain) raised etc. to reveal the stage (指舞台幕布)升起，拉起 24 (as 作 int.)  get up 起来 25 (of a ship's helm) with rudder to leeward (指船舵轮)朝下风方向；向下风方向推船舵 26  in rebellion 起义；叛乱 ●prep.  1  upwards along, through, or into 沿着(通过)…向上；向上进入  climbed up the ladder  爬上梯子 2  from the bottom to the top of 从…底部到顶部 3  along 沿着  walked up the road  沿路走去 4  a  at or in a higher part of 在…的较高处  is situated up the street  位于街那头b  towards the source of (a river) 往(河的)源头，往…的上游，逆流而上 ●adj.  1  directed upwards 朝上的；竖直的，直立的 2 Brit.  of travel towards a capital or centre [英] (指旅途)朝首都或中心方向的  the up train  上行列车 the up platform  上行列车站台 3 Brit. (of beer etc.) effervescent, frothy [英] (指啤酒等)起泡的，冒泡的 ●n.  a spell of good fortune 幸运时期；成功时期；繁荣时期 ●v. (upped, upping)  1 intr. colloq.  start up; begin abruptly to say or do something [口]突然站起；突然说；突然做某事  upped and hit him  霍地跳起来打他 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  raise; pick up 举起，拿起，抬起  upped with his stick  举起他的手杖 3 tr.  increase or raise, esp. abruptly (尤指突然)提高，增加；使上升；提升  upped all their prices  提高所有商品的价格 □ be all up with  (with it as subject 以 it 作主语)  be disastrous or hopeless for (a person) (指人)完蛋，无望，绝望□ on the up and up  colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  steadily improving [英]稳步提高；越来越好 2 esp. N. Amer.  honest(ly); on the level [尤北美]诚实的(地)；光明磊落的(地)；公正的(地)□ something is up  colloq.  something unusual or undesirable is afoot or happening [口]出事了(指不寻常的或不好的事情正在发生)□ up against   1  close to 接近于 2  in or into contact with 与…接触着；与…开始接触 3 colloq.  confronted with [口]面对着，面临着  up against a problem  面临问题□ up against it  colloq.  in great difficulties [口]面临困难的，面临困境的□ up and about (or doing)   having risen from bed; active 已起床走动的；积极的□ up and down   1  to and fro (along) 来来回回，往返地；(沿…)来回 2  in every direction 在…各处；到处，四面八方 3 colloq.  in varying health or spirits [口] (指健康或精神)起伏，一上一下□ up for   available for or being considered for (office etc.) 可供…的；准备，打算；提出供考虑(就任某职等)的□ up hill and down dale   up and down hills, or confronting many obstacles, on an arduous journey or in the fulfilment of an arduous task (在艰难的旅程中或在完成艰巨的任务时)翻山越谷或面对各种障碍□ up in arms   see 见 ARM2 □ up on   informed about (a matter or subject) 了解(某事)；精通(某一学科)□ up the pole   see 见 POLE1 □ up the spout   see 见 SPOUT □ up sticks   see 见 STICK1 □ up to   1  until 直到  up to the present  直到现在，迄今为止 2  not more than 至多，最多  you can have up to five  你最多可以有 5 个 3  less than or equal to 一直到；不多于；多达  sums up to £ 10  合计共 10 英镑 4  incumbent on 取决于…的，须由…决定的；是…义不容辞的，是…职责所在的  it is up to you to say  理应由你来说 5  capable of or fit for 胜任；适于  am not up to a long walk  我感到体力不支，不能走长路 6  occupied or busy with 忙于…  what have you been up to?  你最近在忙些什么？□ up to the mark   see 见 MARK1 □ up to snuff   see 见 SNUFF2 □ up to one's tricks   see 见 TRICK □ up to a person's tricks   see 见 TRICK □ up with  int.  expressing support for a stated person or thing (表示对所说的人或事表示支持)□ up yours  coarse slang  expressing contemptuous defiance or rejection [粗俗俚语] (表示污蔑性的藐视或反驳)操你妈的□ what's up?  colloq. [口]  1  what is going on? 出什么事了？ 2  what is the matter? 怎么啦？ [Old English up(p), uppe, related to Old High German ūf, from Germanic]

up- /ʌp/ prefix in senses of UP, added 用于 UP 各释义 :  1  as an adverb to verbs and verbal derivations, = ‘upwards’ (upcurved 向上弯曲地 ; update 更新) 作为副词添加到动词或派生动词上，表示“向上” 2  as a preposition to nouns forming adverbs and adjectives (up-country 在内地 ; uphill 上坡的) 作为介词添加到名词上构成副词和形容词 3  as an adjective to nouns (upland 高地 ; upstroke 向上的一笔) 作为形容词添加到名词上 [Old English up(p)-, = UP]

up-anchor v. intr. Naut. 【海】  = weigh anchor (see 见 ANCHOR) 

up-and-coming adj. colloq. (of a person) making good progress and likely to succeed [口] (指人)积极进取的，很有前途的 □ up-and-comer  n.  

up-and-over adj. (of a door) opened by being raised and pushed back into a horizontal position (指房门抬高后横下的)上提式开启的

up and running adj. & adv.  functioning; in operation 正在运行(的)；正在运作(的)；正在运转(的)；正在生效(的)

up-and-under n. (in rugby) a high kick to allow time for fellow team members to reach the point where the ball will come down (指在橄榄球赛中为使队友有足够时间赶到落球地点而向前方踢的)过顶高球

Upanishad /u:ˈpæniʃæd/ n.  each of a series of philosophical compositions concluding the exposition of the Vedas 《奥义书》(印度教古代吠陀教义的思辩作品) [Sanskrit, from upa ‘near’ + ni-sad ‘sit down’]

upas /ˈju:pəs/ n.  1 (in full 全称 upas tree)  a  a Javanese tree, Antiaris toxicaria, yielding a milky sap used as arrow-poison 见血封喉(爪哇产毒树，分泌乳状液汁，用作箭毒)b Mythol.  a Javanese tree thought to be fatal to whatever came near it 【神话】(指被认为靠近就会致命的)爪哇树c  a pernicious influence, practice, etc. 有害的影响(或做法等)；毒素 2  the poisonous sap of upas and other trees 见血封喉毒汁 [Malay ūpas ‘poison’]

upbeat /ˈʌpbi:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  an unaccented beat in music (指音乐的)弱拍；上拍 ●adj. colloq.  optimistic or cheerful [口]充满希望的，乐观的；快乐的；活泼的，生气勃勃的

upbraid /ʌpˈbreid/ v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with, for)  chide or reproach (a person) 责骂或严厉训斥、谴责(某人) □ upbraiding  n.   [Old English upbrēdan (as UP-, brēdan = bregdan BRAID in obsolete sense ‘brandish’)]

upbringing /ˈʌpbriŋiŋ/ n.  the bringing up of a child; education 抚育，养育(孩子)；教养，培养 [obsolete upbring ‘to rear’ (as UP-, BRING)]

upcast n. & v. ●n. /ˈʌpkɑ:st/  1  the act of casting up; an upward throw 上投，上扔 2 Mining  a shaft through which air leaves a mine 【采矿学】上风井，排气竖坑 3 Geol. 【地质】  = UPTHROW 2  ●v. tr. /ʌpˈkɑ:st/ (past and past part. upcast)  cast up 向上投，向上扔

upchuck /ˈʌptʃʌk/ v. & n. N. Amer. slang  vomit [北美] [俚语]呕吐

upcoming /ʌpˈkʌmiŋ/ adj. esp. N. Amer.  forthcoming; about to happen [尤北美]即将来到的，即将出现的；即将发生的

up-country /ˈʌpkʌntri, ʌpˈkʌntri/ adv. & adj.  inland; towards the interior of a country (在)内地的；往内地；在内地

update v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌpˈdeit/  bring up to date 更新，刷新…的内容，使不过时；使现代化；为…提供最新信息 ●n. /ˈʌpdeit/  1  the act or an instance of updating 更新；(指根据新的信息所作的)修改 2  an updated version; a set of updated information 最新版；最新信息；最新报道

updraught /ˈʌpdrɑ:ft/ n. (US [美] updraft)  an upward draught of air 上升气流；直焰；向上排气，向上通风

upend /ʌpˈend/ v. tr. & intr.  set or rise up on end 颠倒；(使)倒立，倒放；倾覆

upfield /ʌpˈfi:ld, ˈʌp-/ adv.  in or to a position nearer to the opponents' end of a football etc. field (指足球等场地的)在或向前场

upfold /ˈʌpfəʊld/ n. Geol.  an anticline 【地质】背斜

upfront /ʌpˈfrʌnt, ˈʌp-/ adv. & adj. colloq. [口] ●adv. (usu. 通常作 up front)  1  at the front; in front 在前面 2 (of payments) in advance (指付款)预付，先期付款 ●adj.  1  honest, open, frank 诚实的，公开的，坦率的 2 (of payments) made in advance (指付款)预付的，先期的 3  at the front or most prominent 在最前面的；在最显著位置的；显著的；主要的；重要的

upgrade v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌpˈɡreid/  1  raise in rank etc. 升级；上升 2  improve (equipment, machinery, etc.), esp. by replacing components (尤指通过更换零部件给设备、机器等)升级；提高品级；提高标准；改善 ●n. /ˈʌpɡreid/  1  the act or an instance of upgrading 升级；上升；提高品级 2  an upgraded piece of equipment etc. 升级的设备(等) □ on the upgrade   1  improving in health etc. 改进的；(体质等)增强的 2  advancing, progressing 上升的；欣欣向荣的，正在发展的；正在前进的□ upgradeable  adj. (also 亦作 upgradable) esp. Computing (尤)  【计算】可升级的

upgrowth /ˈʌpɡrəʊθ/ n.  the process or result of growing upwards 成长；发育；发展；成长物；发展成果

upheaval /ʌpˈhi:v(ə)l/ n.  1  a violent or sudden change or disruption 激变，剧变；动乱 2 Geol.  an upward displacement of part of the earth's crust 【地质】地壳隆起 3  the act or an instance of heaving up 胀起，鼓起；举起

upheave /ʌpˈhi:v/ v.  1 tr.  heave or lift up, esp. forcibly (尤指猛烈地)胀起，鼓起；举起；使上升；使隆起 2 intr.  rise up 胀起，鼓起；上升；隆起

uphill adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /ʌpˈhil/  in an ascending direction up a hill, slope, etc. 上坡，上山 ●adj. /ˈʌphil/  1  sloping up; ascending 上升的；向上的；上坡的 2  arduous, difficult 艰难的，费力的  an uphill task  艰难的工作 ●n. /ˈʌphil/  an upward slope 上坡

uphold /ʌpˈhəʊld/ v. tr. (past and past part. upheld)  1  confirm or maintain (a decision etc., esp. of another) 赞成，认可；维持，确认(决定等，尤指另一个人的决定等) 2  give support or countenance to (a person, practice, etc.) 支持或维护(某人、做法等) □ upholder  n.  

upholster /ʌpˈhəʊlstə, -ˈhɒl-/ v. tr.  1  provide (furniture) with upholstery 为(家具)装上垫子(被覆材料) 2  furnish (a room etc.) with furniture, carpets, etc. 用家具、地毯等装饰(房间等) [back-formation from UPHOLSTERER]

upholsterer /ʌpˈhəʊlst(ə)rə, -ˈhɒl-/ n.  a person who upholsters furniture, esp. professionally (尤指专业的为家具配备材料的)家具装饰用品商 [obsolete noun upholster from UPHOLD (in obsolete sense ‘keep in repair’) + -STER]

upholstery /ʌpˈhəʊlst(ə)ri, -ˈhɒl-/ n.  1  textile covering, padding, springs, etc., for furniture (指幔帘织物、衬垫、弹簧等)家具被覆材料 2  an upholsterer's work 家具装饰用品商的作品

upkeep /ˈʌpki:p/ n.  1  maintenance in good condition 保养，维修，维持 2  the cost or means of this 保养费，维修费；维护方法

upland /ˈʌplənd/ n. & adj. ●n.  high or hilly country 高地；高原；山地 ●adj.  of or relating to this 高地的；高原的；山地的

uplift v. & n. ●v. tr. /ʌpˈlift/  1 esp. Brit.  raise; lift up [尤英]抬起，提起，举起 2  elevate or stimulate morally or spiritually (指道德方面)提高，促进；(指精神上)振作，振奋 ●n. /ˈʌplift/  1  the act or an instance of being raised 抬起，提起，举起，升起 2 Geol.  the raising of part of the earth's surface 【地质】地表隆起 3 colloq.  a morally or spiritually elevating influence [口] (指道德方面)提高，促进；(指精神上)振作，振奋 4  support for the bust etc. from a garment 乳罩，胸罩 □ uplifter  /-ˈliftə/ n.  □ uplifting  /-ˈliftiŋ/ adj. (esp. in sense 2 of v. 尤用于动词释义 2)  

uplighter /ˈʌplaitə/ n.  a light placed or designed to throw illumination upwards 向上的照明器，向上照射的灯

uplink /ˈʌpliŋk/ n. & v. ●n.  a communications link to a satellite (指连向卫星的)向上传输；上行线路，上行链路 ●v. tr.  provide with or send by an uplink 向上传输

upload /ʌpˈləʊd/ v. & n. Computing 【计算】  ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  transfer (data) esp. to a larger storage device or system 上载，上传(数据) (尤指传输到较大的存储设备或系统中) ●n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a transfer of this type 上载，上传  upload feature  上载功能

upmarket /ʌpˈmɑ:kit, ˈʌp-/ adj. & adv.  towards or relating to the dearer or more affluent sector of the market (向)高档(的)，(向)高消费市场的；适合高消费阶层的

upmost var.  of UPPERMOST  UPPERMOST 的变体

upon /əˈpɒn/ prep.  = ON  [Middle English, from UP + ON prep., suggested by Old Norse upp ɑˊ]■Usage 用法说明 Upon is sometimes more formal than on, but is standard in the phrases once upon a time and upon my word, and in uses such as row upon row of seats and Christmas is almost upon us. upon 有时较 on 更正式一些，而在 once upon a time (从前)和 upon my word (我敢保证；的的确确)等短语以及 row upon row of seats (一排排的座位)和 Christmas is almost upon us (圣诞节快来临了)等用法中，用 upon 更标准。 

upper1 /ˈʌpə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  higher in position or status (指地位、身份)较高的；上层的  the upper class  上层社会，上等阶层 2  situated above another part 较高的；上(面)的，较上的  the upper atmosphere  高层大气 the upper lip  上唇 3 (作 Upper)  a  situated on higher ground 地势高的  Upper Egypt  上埃及b  situated to the North 北部的  Upper California  加利福尼亚北部 4 (often 常作 Upper) Geol. & Archaeol. 【地质】【考古】  designating a younger, and hence usu. shallower, part of a stratigraphic division, archaeological deposit, etc., or the period in which it was formed or deposited 后期的，较近期的 ●n.  the part of a boot or shoe above the sole 鞋帮 □ on one's uppers  colloq.  extremely short of money [口]一贫如洗，处于困境 [Middle English, from UP + -ER2]

upper2 /ˈʌpə/ n. slang  a stimulant drug, esp. an amphetamine [俚语]兴奋剂，(尤指)安非他明 [UP v. + -ER1]

upper case n. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  capital letters 大写字母

upper class n. & adj. ●n.  the highest class of society, esp. the aristocracy 上层阶级，上等阶层，(尤指)贵族阶层 ●adj. (作 upper-class)  of the upper class 上层阶级的，上等阶层的；上流社会的

upper crust n. (prec. by 前接 the) colloq.  the aristocracy [口]上层阶级，上流社会；贵族阶层

uppercut /ˈʌpəkʌt/ n. & v. ●n.  an upwards blow delivered with the arm bent 上钩拳 ●v. tr.  hit with an uppercut 用上钩拳击

upper hand n. (prec. by 前接 the)  dominance or control 优势，上风，有利地位

Upper House n.  the higher house in a legislature, esp. the House of Lords 上(议)院，(尤指)英国国会上议院

uppermost /ˈʌpəməʊst/ adj. & adv. ●adj. (also 亦作 upmost /ˈʌpməʊst/)  1  highest in place or rank (指位置或级别)最高的；最上面的 2  predominant 最突出的，最主要的 ●adv.  at or to the highest or most prominent position 在最高处；在最上面；处于最突出的地位

upper regions n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the sky 天空 2  heaven 天堂，天国

upper works n. pl.  the part of a ship that is above the water when fully laden (指船满载时)船体水上部分，干舷

uppish /ˈʌpiʃ/ adj. esp. Brit. colloq.  self-assertive or arrogant [尤英口]盛气凌人的，傲慢的 □ uppishly  adv.  □ uppishness  n.  

uppity /ˈʌpiti/ adj. colloq.  uppish, snobbish [口]傲慢的，自大的，骄横的；势利的 [fanciful from UP]

upraise /ʌpˈreiz/ v. tr.  raise to a higher level 举起，提高

uprate /ʌpˈreit/ v. tr.  1  increase the value of (a pension, benefit, etc.) 提高(养老金、津贴等的)价值 2  upgrade, esp. to improve performance 升级，(尤指对性能的)改进，改善

upright /ˈʌprait/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  erect, vertical 挺直的；竖立的；垂直的  an upright posture  挺拔的身姿 stood upright  站得笔直 2 (of a piano) with vertical strings (指钢琴) (有)竖弦的，竖式的 3 (of a person or behaviour) righteous; strictly honourable or honest (指人或行为)正直的；诚实的；规矩的 4 (of a picture, book, etc.) greater in height than breadth (指书、画等)竖的，竖式的 ●n.  1  a post or rod fixed upright esp. as a structural support (尤指用来支撑建筑物的)直柱 2  an upright piano 竖式钢琴 □ uprightly  adv.  □ uprightness  n.   [Old English upriht (as UP, RIGHT)]

uprise /ʌpˈraiz/ v. intr. (uprose, uprisen)  rise (to a standing position, etc.) 上升，升起；起床，起身；起立

uprising /ˈʌpraiziŋ/ n.  a rebellion or revolt 起义，暴动

upriver adv. & adj. ●adv. /ʌpˈrivə/  at or towards a point nearer the source of a river 在上游；向上游 ●adj. /ˈʌprivə/  situated or occurring upriver 在上游的；发生在上游的

uproar /ˈʌprɔ:/ n.  a tumult; a violent disturbance 骚动；骚乱；吵闹；喧嚣 [Dutch oproer, from op ‘up’ + roer ‘confusion’, associated with ROAR]

uproarious /ʌpˈrɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  very noisy 骚动的；喧嚣的；热闹的 2  provoking loud laughter 引人捧腹的，非常有趣的 □ uproariously  adv.  □ uproariousness  n.  

uproot /ʌpˈru:t/ v.  1 tr.  pull (a plant etc.) up from the ground (将植物等)连根拔除 2 tr.  displace (a person) from an accustomed location (将人)从家园迁走，使(人)离开家园 3 tr.  eradicate, destroy 根除，灭绝 4 intr.  move away from one's accustomed location or home 从家园(或家乡)搬走 □ uprooter  n.  

uprose past  of UPRISE  

uprush /ˈʌprʌʃ/ n.  an upward rush, esp. Psychol. from the subconscious 上冲，上涌；【心】(指潜意识的)突发，突涌

ups-a-daisy var.  of UPSY-DAISY  UPSY-DAISY 的变体

ups and downs n. pl.  1  rises and falls 高低，起伏 2  alternate good and bad fortune 沉浮；兴衰，盛衰；沧桑

upscale /ˈʌpskeil/ adj. & adv. N. Amer. [北美]  = UPMARKET 

upset v., n. & adj. ●v. /ʌpˈset/ (upsetting; past and past part. upset)  1 tr. & intr.  overturn or be overturned (被)弄翻，(被)打翻 2 tr.  disturb the composure or digestion of 使心烦意乱，使苦恼；使(身体、肠胃等)不适  was very upset by the news  那消息使人心烦意乱 ate something that upset me  所吃食物使我感到不适 3 tr.  disrupt 破坏；扰乱，打乱 4 tr.  shorten and thicken (metal, esp. a tire) by hammering or pressure 镦粗，加厚，顶锻；缩锻(金属，尤指轮胎) ●n. /ˈʌpset/  1  a condition of upsetting or being upset 心烦意乱；苦恼；(身体、肠胃等)不适  a stomach upset  肠胃不适 2  a surprising result in a game etc. (指比赛等中的)意外结果 ●adj. /ʌpˈset, ˈʌp-/  disturbed 搅乱的，扰乱的；心烦的；不适的  an upset stomach  肠胃不舒服 □ upsetter  /-ˈsetə/ n.  □ upsettingly  /-ˈsetiŋli/ adv.  

upset price n.  the lowest acceptable selling price of a property in an auction etc.; a reserve price 底价，保留价，最低价格(指财产在拍卖等场合下可接受的最低卖价)

upshift /ˈʌpʃift/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move to a higher gear in a motor vehicle (指给汽车)调高速档；加速 2 tr. esp. US  increase [尤美]提高，增加  upshifted the penalties  增加罚金 ●n.  a movement upwards, esp. a change to a higher gear (尤指驾驶汽车时的)挂高(速)档，换高(速)档；加速

upshot /ˈʌpʃɒt/ n.  the final or eventual outcome or conclusion 结果，结局

upside /ˈʌpsaid/ n.  1  the positive aspect of something; an advantage 积极面；优势，有利条件 2  an upward movement of share prices etc. (指股价等的)上涨，提高；升盘

upside down /ʌpsaid ˈdaʊn/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  with the upper part where the lower part should be; in an inverted position 上下颠倒着，倒转着 2  in or into total disorder 一团糟，混乱不堪，乱七八糟  everything was turned upside down  全都成了一团糟 ●adj. (also 亦作 upside-down 作 attrib.)  that is positioned upside down; inverted 颠倒着的，倒转着的 [Middle English, originally up so down, perhaps = ‘up as if down’]

upside-down cake n.  a sponge cake baked with fruit in a syrup at the bottom, and inverted for serving (指烘制时有水果汁的一面朝下，而食用时翻转过来的一种)倒置型水果蛋糕

upsides /ʌpˈsaidz/ adv. (foll. by 后跟 with) Brit. colloq.  equal with (a person) by revenge, retaliation, etc. [英口]通过报复(与某人)平等；不相上下；扯平 [upside = top part]

upsilon /ʌpˈsailən, ju:p-; ˈʊpsilɒn, ˈju:p-/ n.  the twentieth letter of the Greek alphabet (Υ，υ) 希腊字母表中的第 20 个字母(Υ，υ) [Greek, = slender U, from psilos ‘slender’, with reference to the need to distinguish upsilon from the diphthong oi: in late Greek the two had the same pronunciation]

upstage /ʌpˈsteidʒ/ adj., adv. & v. ●adj. & adv.  1  nearer the back of a theatre stage 靠近舞台后部(的) 2  snobbish(ly) 势利的(地) ●v. tr.  1 (of an actor) move upstage to make (another actor) face away from the audience (指演员)移向舞台后部使(另一演员)无法面对观众；抢…的镜头 2  divert attention from (a person) to oneself; outshine 使注意力(从别人那里)转移到自己身上；使相形见绌

upstairs adv., adj. & n. ●adv. /ʌpˈstɛəz/  to or on an upper floor 往楼上；在楼上 ●adj. /ˈʌpstɛəz/ (also 亦作 upstair)  situated upstairs 在楼上的 ●n. /ʌpˈstɛəz/  an upper floor 楼上

upstanding /ʌpˈstændiŋ/ adj.  1  standing up 直立的，竖立的 2  strong and healthy 挺拔的；强健的 3  honest or straightforward 诚实的，正直的

upstart /ˈʌpstɑ:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who has risen suddenly to prominence, esp. one who behaves arrogantly 暴发户，新贵(尤指自命不凡者) ●adj.  1  that is an upstart 暴发的，骤贵的 2  of or characteristic of an upstart 自命不凡的；暴发户的

upstate /ˈʌpsteit/ n., adj. & adv. US [美] ●n.  part of a state remote from its large cities, esp. the northern part 州(远离大城市的)的边远地区(尤指北部地区) ●adj.  of or relating to this part 州的边远地区(或北部地区)的 ●adv.  in or to this part 在(或向)州的边远地区(或北部地区) □ upstater  n.  

upstream adv. & adj. ●adv. /ʌpˈstri:m/  against the flow of a stream etc. 逆流地；往上游 ●adj. /ˈʌpstri:m/  moving upstream 逆流的；往上游的

upstroke /ˈʌpstrəʊk/ n.  a stroke made or written upwards 向上的一击；向上的一划(笔)

upsurge /ˈʌpsɜ:dʒ/ n.  an upward surge; a rise (esp. in feelings etc.) 急剧上升；增长；高潮，(尤指感情等的)高涨

upswept /ˈʌpswept/ adj.  1 (of the hair) combed to the top of the head (指头发)朝(头顶)上梳的 2  curved or sloped upwards 向上弯曲的；向上倾斜的

upswing /ˈʌpswiŋ/ n.  an upward movement or trend 向上摆动；上涨，上升；增加；回升

upsy-daisy /ʌpsiˈdeizi, ʌpsə-/ int. (also 亦作 ups-a-daisy, oops-a-daisy)  expressing encouragement to a child who is being lifted or has fallen (指扶起或抱起跌倒的小孩时所说的安慰语)起来没事啦！  [earlier up-a-daisy: cf. LACKADAISICAL]

uptake /ˈʌpteik/ n.  1 colloq.  understanding; comprehension (esp. 尤用于 quick or slow on the uptake 理解力强(迟钝)) [口]领会，理解 2  the act or an instance of taking up 举起，拿起

up-tempo adj. & adv.  at a fast or an increased tempo 快速度(的)，拍子愈来愈快(的)

upthrow /ˈʌpθrəʊ/ n.  1  the act or an instance of throwing upwards 上抛，上投，上掷 2 Geol.  an upward dislocation of strata 【地质】上投；隆起

upthrust /ˈʌpθrʌst/ n.  1  upward thrust, e.g. of a fluid on an immersed body 上推(力)，上冲(如液体对浸入体的上推(力)) 2 Geol. 【地质】  = UPHEAVAL 2 

uptick /ˈʌptik/ n. esp. US  an increase, esp. a small one [尤美]上升，上涨，(尤指)小幅的增长

uptight /ʌpˈtait, ˈʌptait/ adj. colloq. [口]  1  nervously tense or angry 易怒的，神经过敏的；生气的 2  rigidly conventional 极端保守的，过分拘谨的

uptime /ˈʌptaim/ n.  time during which a machine, esp. a computer, is in operation (尤指计算机等机器的)运行时间

up to date adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  meeting or according to the latest requirements, knowledge, or fashion; modern 达到或符合最新要求的，包含最新信息的；掌握最新信息的；跟上时代的；新式的；现代的

up-to-the-minute adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  latest; most modern 直到最近的，最新的；最现代的

uptown adj., adv. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●adj. /ˈʌptaʊn/  of or in the residential part of a town or city (在)城镇住宅区的 ●adv. /ʌpˈtaʊn/  in or into this part 在(或往)城镇住宅区 ●n. /ˈʌptaʊn/  this part 城镇住宅区 □ uptowner  n.  

upturn n. & v. ●n. /ˈʌptɜ:n/  1  an upward trend; an improvement 上升趋势；好转 2  an upheaval 剧变，混乱，动乱 ●v. tr. /ʌpˈtɜ:n/  turn up or upside down 使向上；使翻转，翻起

UPU abbr.  Universal Postal Union [缩略]万国邮政联盟

UPVC abbr.  unplasticized polyvinyl chloride [缩略]未增塑聚氯乙烯

upward /ˈʌpwəd/ adv. & adj. ●adv. (also 亦作 upwards)  towards what is higher, superior, larger in amount, more important, or earlier 向上地；趋向上升(指朝更高处、更优、更大数量、更为重要或更早的状态发展) ●adj.  moving, extending, pointing, or leading upward 向上移动(伸展、指或引)的；上升的 □ upwards of   more than …以上，多于…  found upwards of forty specimens  发现了 40 多种标本 [Old English upweard(es) (as UP, -WARD)]

upwardly /ˈʌpwədli/ adv.  in an upward direction 向上

upwardly mobile adj.  able or aspiring to advance socially or professionally (指社会地位或职业上)能向上流动的，有上升趋势的；想往上爬的

upward mobility n.  social or professional advancement (指社会地位或职业的)向上流动倾向；向上流动能动性

upwarp /ˈʌpwɔ:p/ n. Geol.  a broad surface elevation; an anticline 【地质】向上挠曲；背斜

upwind /ʌpˈwind/ adj. & adv.  against the direction of the wind 逆风(的)，顶风(的)

ur- /ʊə/ comb. form  primitive, original, earliest [构词成分]原始的，原先的，最早的 [German]

uracil /ˈjʊərəsil/ n. Biochem.  a pyrimidine derivative found in living tissue as a component base of RNA 【生化】尿嘧啶 [UREA + ACETIC]

uraemia /jʊˈri:miə/ n. (US [美] uremia) Med.  a raised level in the blood of nitrogenous waste compounds (esp. urea) that are normally eliminated by the kidneys 【医】尿毒症 □ uraemic  adj.   [Greek ouron ‘urine’ + haima ‘blood’]

uraeus /jʊˈri:əs/ n. (pl. uriei /jʊˈri:ai/)  the sacred serpent as an emblem of power represented on the headdress of ancient Egyptian divinities and sovereigns (指古埃及的神和帝王头饰上象征权威的蛇形饰物)圣蛇像 [modern Latin from Greek ouraios, representing the Egyptian word for ‘cobra’]

Ural /ˈjuərəl/ n.  乌拉尔河

Ural-Altaic /ˌjʊər(ə)lælˈteiik/ n. & adj. ●n. Philol.  a proposed language group including Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Mongolian, and other agglutinative languages of N. Europe and Asia 【语文】乌拉尔－阿尔泰语群(包括芬兰－乌戈尔语族、突厥语族、蒙古语族以及北欧和亚洲的其他一些黏着性语言) ●adj.  1  of or relating to this group of languages 乌拉尔－阿尔泰语群的 2  of or relating to the Ural and Altaic mountain ranges in western and central Asia (指位于西亚和中亚的)乌拉尔和阿尔泰山脉地区的

uranium /jʊˈreiniəm/ n. Chem.  a radioactive grey dense metallic element occurring naturally in pitchblende, and capable of nuclear fission and therefore used as a source of nuclear energy (symbol 符 U) 【化】铀 □ uranic  /-ˈrænik/ adj.   [modern Latin, from URANUS: cf. tellurium]

urano-1 /ˈjʊər(ə)nəʊ/ comb. form  the heavens [构词成分]天，天空 [Greek ouranos ‘heaven(s)’]

urano-2 /ˈjʊər(ə)nəʊ/ comb. form  uranium [构词成分]铀

uranography /jʊərəˈnɒɡrəfi/ n. archaic  the branch of astronomy concerned with describing and mapping the stars [古义]星图学(天文学的一个分支，主要涉及描述和绘制星辰) □ uranographer  n.  □ uranographic  /-nəˈɡræfik/ adj.  

Uranus /ˈjʊərənəs, jʊˈreinəs/ n.  a planet discovered by Herschel in 1781, the outermost of the solar system except Neptune and Pluto 天王星 (1781 年由赫谢尔发现，是太阳系中除海王星和冥王星外最远的一颗行星) [Latin from Greek Ouranos ‘heaven, Uranus’, in Greek mythology the son of Gaea (Earth) and father of Kronos (Saturn), the Titans, etc.]

urban /ˈɜ:b(ə)n/ adj.  of, living in, or situated in a town or city (opp. 反义 RURAL) 城镇的；居住在城镇的；位于城镇的  an urban population  城市人口 [Latin urbanus from urbs urbis ‘city’]

urban district n. Brit. hist.  a group of urban communities governed by an elected council [英史义] (郡所属由政务委员会管理的)市区

urbane /ɜ:ˈbein/ adj.  courteous; suave; elegant and refined in manner 有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的；温文尔雅的 □ urbanely  adv.   [French urbain or Latin urbanus: see URBAN]

urban guerrilla n.  a terrorist operating in an urban area (指在城市从事恐怖活动的)城市游击队员

urbanism /ˈɜ:b(ə)niz(ə)m/ n.  1  urban character or way of life 城市(居民)的特点或生活方式 2  a study of urban life 城市生活研究 □ urbanist  n.  

urbanite /ˈɜ:b(ə)nait/ n.  a dweller in a city or town 城市居民

urbanity /ɜ:ˈbæniti/ n.  1  an urbane quality; refinement of manner 彬彬有礼；温文尔雅 2  urban life 城市生活 [French urbanité or Latin urbanitas (as URBAN)]

urbanize /ˈɜ:b(ə)naiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make urban 使城市化，使都市化 2  destroy the rural quality of (a district) 破坏(某地区的)乡村生活 □ urbanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French urbaniser (as URBAN)]

urban myth n.  a modern old wives' tale 现代荒诞故事，都市神话(或传说)

urban renewal n.  slum clearance and redevelopment in a city or town 城市更新，城市改建

urban sprawl n.  the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas 城市的无计划扩张

urceolate /ˈɜ:siələt/ adj. Bot.  having the shape of a pitcher, with a large body and small mouth 【植】坛状的，壶状的，缸状的，瓮状的 [Latin urceolus, diminutive of urceus ‘pitcher’]

urchin /ˈɜ:tʃin/ n.  1  a mischievous child, esp. young and raggedly dressed 顽童，小淘气，淘气鬼 2  = SEA URCHIN  3 archaic [古义]  a  a hedgehog 刺猬b  a goblin 小精灵；小妖精 [Middle English hirchon, urcheon from Old Norman French herichon, Old French heriçon, ultimately from Latin (h)ericius ‘hedgehog’]

Urdu /ˈʊədu:, ˈɜ:du:/ n.  a language related to Hindi but with many Persian words, an official language of Pakistan and also used in India 乌尔都语(与印度语相关的语言，但含有许多波斯语词汇，是巴基斯坦的官方语言，也通行于印度) [Hindustani (zabɑˉn i) urdū ‘(language of the) camp’, via Persian urdū from Turkic ordū: see HORDE]

-ure /jə, jʊə/ suffix forming 构成 :  1  nouns of action or process (censure 指责 ; closure 关闭 ; seizure 扣押) 表示动作(或过程)的名词 2  nouns of result (creature 产物 ; scripture 权威性著作) 表示结果的名词 3  collective nouns (legislature 立法机关 ; nature 本质) 集合名词 4  nouns of function (judicature 法官 ; ligature 连结物) 表示职能(或功能)的名词 [from or suggested by Old French -ure from Latin -ura]

urea /jʊˈri:ə, ˈjʊəriə/ n. Biochem.  a soluble colourless crystalline nitrogenous compound contained esp. in the urine of mammals 【生化】脲，尿素 □ ureal  adj.   [modern Latin via French urée from Greek ouron ‘urine’]

urea-formaldehyde n.  a plastic, resin, or foam made by condensation of urea with formaldehyde, used esp. for insulation 脲(甲)醛树脂

uremia US var.  of URAEMIA [美] URAEMIA 的变体

ureter /jʊˈri:tə, ˈjʊəritə/ n.  the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca 输尿管 □ ureteral  adj.  □ ureteric  /jʊəriˈterik/ adj.  □ ureteritis  /-ˈraitis/ n.   [French uretère or modern Latin ureter from Greek ourētēr, from oureō ‘urinate’]

urethane /ˈjʊəriθein, jʊˈreθein/ n. Chem.  a crystalline amide, ethyl carbamate, used in plastics and paints 【化】聚氨酯(用于塑料和油漆)；氨基甲酸乙酯，尿烷，乌拉坦 [French uréthane (as UREA, ETHANE)]

urethra /jʊˈri:θrə/ n. (pl. urethrae /-ri:/ or urethras)  the duct by which urine is discharged from the bladder 尿道 □ urethral  adj.  □ urethritis  /-riˈθraitis/ n.  尿道炎 [Late Latin from Greek ourēthra (as URETER)]

urge /ˈɜ:dʒ/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  drive forcibly; impel; hasten 推进；驱策；鼓励，激励  urged them on  鼓励他们 urged the horses forward  策马前行 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin. or that + clause)  encourage or entreat earnestly or persistently 力劝；恳求；催促，敦促  urged them to go  催他们走 urged them to action  敦促他们行动 urged that they should go  恳求他们去 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 on, upon)  advocate (an action or argument etc.) pressingly or emphatically (to a person) 极力主张；强烈要求 4  adduce forcefully as a reason or justification 强使注意；强调原因或理由  urged the seriousness of the problem  强调问题的严重性 5  ply (a person etc.) hard with argument or entreaty 反复劝说或恳求(某人等) ●n.  1  an urging impulse or tendency 驱策力；推动力；驱策；激励 2  a strong desire 强烈的欲望；冲动；迫切的要求 □ urger  n.   [Latin urgēre ‘press, drive’]

urgent /ˈɜ:dʒ(ə)nt/ adj.  1  requiring immediate action or attention 紧迫的，急迫的；紧要的  an urgent need for help  急需帮助 2  importunate; earnest and persistent in demand 强求的；坚持要求的，迫切要求的 □ urgency  n.  □ urgently  adv.   [Middle English from French (as URGE)]

URI abbr.  upper respiratory infection [缩略]上呼吸道感染

-uria /ˈjʊəriə/ comb. form  forming nouns denoting that a substance is (esp. excessively) present in the urine [构词成分]构成名词，表示“尿”，“尿症” [modern Latin from Greek -ouria (as URINE)]

uric /ˈjʊərik/ adj.  of or relating to urine 尿的；与尿有关的 [French urique (as URINE)]

uric acid n.  an almost insoluble acid forming the main nitrogenous waste product in birds, reptiles, and insects 尿酸

urinal /jʊˈrain(ə)l, ˈjʊərin(ə)l/ n.  1  a sanitary fitting, usu. against a wall, for men to urinate into 小便处，尿池(通常靠墙，供男人小便用) 2  a place or receptacle for urination 尿壶，贮尿器 [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin urinal, neut. of urinalis (as URINE)]

urinalysis /jʊəriˈnælisis/ n. (pl. urinalyses /-si:z/)  the chemical analysis of urine esp. for diagnostic purposes. (尤指用于诊断目的)尿(样)分析(法)

urinary /ˈjʊərin(ə)ri/ adj.  1  of or relating to urine 尿的；尿样的 2  affecting or occurring in the urinary system 泌尿的；泌尿器官的  urinary diseases  泌尿器官疾病

urinate /ˈjʊərineit/ v. intr.  discharge urine 排尿，撒尿，小便 □ urination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin urinare (as URINE)]

urine /ˈjʊərin, ˈjʊərain/ n.  a pale yellow fluid secreted as waste from the blood by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra 尿，小便 □ urinous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin urina]

urn /ɜ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a vase with a foot and usu. a rounded body, esp. for storing the ashes of the cremated dead or as a vessel or measure 瓮；缸；(尤指)骨灰瓮 2  a large vessel with a tap, in which tea or coffee etc. is made or kept hot (指可以热咖啡、茶等或保温用的)带龙头的壶 3 poet.  anything in which a dead body or its remains are preserved, e.g. a grave [诗]用于保存死尸或遗骨的任何东西(如坟墓) ●v. tr.  enclose in an urn 把…放入瓮内 □ urnful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [Middle English from Latin urna, related to urceus ‘pitcher’]

uro-1 /ˈjʊərəʊ/ comb. form  urine [构词成分]尿 [Greek ouron ‘urine’]

uro-2 /ˈjʊərəʊ/ comb. form  tail [构成分词]尾 [Greek oura ‘tail’]

urochordate /jʊərə(ʊ)ˈkɔ:deit/ n. Zool.  an animal of the subphylum Urochordata, which comprises the tunicates 【动】尾索动物 [URO-2 + CHORDATE]

urodele /ˈjʊərə(ʊ)di:l/ n.  any amphibian of the order Urodela, having a tail when in the adult form, including newts and salamanders 有尾目两栖动物 [URO-2 + Greek dēlos ‘evident’]

urogenital /jʊərəʊˈdʒenit(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to urinary and genital products or organs 泌尿生殖(器)的；与泌尿生殖(器官)有关的

urology /jʊˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of the urinary system 泌尿科学 □ urologic  /-rəˈlɒdʒik/ adj.  □ urological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ urologist  n.  

uropygium /jʊərəˈpidʒiəm/ n.  the rump of a bird (指鸟的)尾臀 [medieval Latin from Greek ouropugion]

uroscopy /jʊˈrɒskəpi/ n. Med. hist.  the examination of urine by simple inspection, esp. in diagnosis 【医】[史义]尿检查(尤在诊断中)

Ursa Major /ɜ:sə ˈmeidʒə/ n.  a prominent constellation in the northern sky, containing seven bright stars in a pattern variously called the Plough, the Big Dipper, or Charles's Wain. Also called Great Bear 大熊星座 [Latin, = greater (she-)bear]

Ursa Minor /ɜ:sə ˈmainə/ n.  a small constellation containing the north celestial pole and the pole star. Also called Little Bear, Little Dipper 小熊星座 [Latin, = lesser (she-)bear]

ursine /ˈɜ:sain, -in/ adj.  of or like a bear 熊的；像熊的 [Latin ursinus from ursus ‘bear’]

Ursula /ˈɜ:sjulə/   厄休拉 [人名]

Ursuline /ˈɜ:sjʊlain, -lin/ n. & adj. ●n.  a nun of an order founded by St Angela in 1535 for nursing the sick and teaching girls (指 1535 年由圣安杰拉创立专门从事病人护理和女童教育的)乌尔苏拉会的修女 ●adj.  of or relating to this order 乌尔苏拉会的 [from the name of St Ursula, the founder's patron saint]

urticaria /ɜ:tiˈkɛəriə/ n. Med.  nettle-rash 【医】荨麻疹；风疹 [modern Latin from Latin urtica ‘nettle’, from urere ‘to burn’]

urticate /ˈɜ:tikeit/ v. tr.  sting like a nettle 荨麻般刺痒；荨麻般刺 □ urtication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin urticare from Latin urtica: see URTICARIA]

Uruguay   乌拉圭

Uruguayan /ˌjuəruˈgwaiən/ adj. & n.  乌拉圭的(人)

urus /ˈjʊərəs/ n.  = AUROCHS  [Latin from Germanic]

US abbr. [缩略]  1  United States (of America)  2 Brit. [英]  Under-Secretary  3 Brit. [英]  unserviceable 

us /ʌs/ pron.  1 objective case  of WE (WE 的宾格)我们  they saw us  他们看见了我们 2 colloq. [口]  = ME1 give us a kiss  给我一个吻  [Old English ūs, from Germanic]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at HER. 见 HER 的用法说明。 

USA abbr. [缩略]  1  United States of America  2 US  United States Army [美]美军

usable /ˈju:zəb(ə)l/ adj. (also 亦作 useable)  that can be used 可用的，能用的 □ usability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

USAF abbr.  United States Air Force [缩略]美国空军

usage /ˈju:sidʒ/ n.  1  a manner of using or treating; treatment 使用；用法；处理，对待  damaged by rough usage  使用太不经心而损坏 2  habitual or customary practice, esp. as creating a right, obligation, or standard 习惯，惯例(尤指由此而形成权利、责任或标准) [Middle English from Old French, from us USE n.]

usance /ˈju:z(ə)ns/ n.  the time allowed by commercial usage for the payment of foreign bills of exchange 外国汇票的支付期限 [Middle English from Old French (as USE)]

USDAW /ˈʌzdɔ:/ abbr. (in the UK) Union of Shop, Distributive, and Allied Workers [缩略] (英国)商店雇员工会

use v. & n. ●v. tr. /ju:z/  1  cause to act or serve for a purpose; bring into service; avail oneself of 用，使用；应用；发挥，使出；行使；运用  rarely uses the car  很少用车 use your discretion  运用你的判断力 2  treat (a person) in a specified manner (指以特定方式)对待(人)  they used him shamefully  他们待他极差 3  exploit for one's own ends 利用；自私地利用  they are just using you  他们在利用你 4 (in past /ju:st/; foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  did or had in the past (but no longer) as a customary practice or state 过去常常(现在不再)  I used to be an archaeologist  我曾经是考古学家 it used not (or did not use) to rain so often  过去不常下雨 5 (as 作 used adj.)  second-hand 二手的，旧的；用过的 6 (as 作 used /ju:st/ predic. adj.) (foll. by 后跟 to)  familiar by habit; accustomed 习惯于…的，惯常的  not used to hard work  不习惯艰苦工作 7  apply (a name or title etc.) to oneself 自称；自封 ●n. /ju:s/  1  the act of using or the state of being used; application to a purpose 用，使用；应用；利用；运用  put it to good use  好好利用它 is in daily use  日常生活用 worn and polished with use  用破了，磨光了 2  the right or power of using 使用权；使用能力  lost the use of my right arm  我的右臂丧失了功能 3  a  the ability to be used 价值；益处；效用  a torch would be of use  手电筒会有用的b  the purpose for which a thing can be used 用途；功能  it's no use talking  说是没用的 4  custom or usage 习惯；惯例；用法  long use has reconciled me to it  由于长期使用，我已经习惯了 5  the characteristic ritual and liturgy of a church or diocese etc. (指教堂、教区等的)特色礼拜仪式 6 Law hist.  the benefit or profit of lands, esp. in the possession of another who holds them solely for the beneficiary 【法律】[史义]受益，(尤指对委托他人管理的地产的)受益 □ could use  colloq.  would be glad to have; would be improved by having [口]想要；有…就好了□ have no use for   1  be unable to find a use for 不需要，用不着 2  dislike or be impatient with 不喜欢；厌恶；对…不耐烦□ make use of   1  employ, apply 使用；应用 2  benefit from 利用□ use and wont   established custom 惯例；习俗□ use a person's name   quote a person as an authority or reference etc. 引用人名(作为权威或参考等)□ use up   1  consume completely, use the whole of 用完，用光 2  find a use for (something remaining) 设法利用(剩余的东西) 3  exhaust or wear out e.g. with overwork 耗尽或(如因加班而)筋疲力尽 [Middle English from Old French us, user, ultimately from Latin uti us- ‘use’]■Usage 用法说明 In sense 4 of the verb, the negative and interrogative can be formed in two ways: (1) Negative: used not/ usedn't to, e.g. He used not to smoke. Interrogative used X to?, e.g. Used he to smoke? (2) Negative did not/ didn't use to, e.g. He didn't use to smoke. Interrogative did X use to?, e.g. Did he use to smoke? Note the correct spellings of the abbreviated negative forms, usedn't to, didn't use to. Usen't to and didn't used to are incorrect. All the forms given at (1) and (2) are acceptable but those at (1) are more formal. The interrogative form at (1) tends to sound over-formal or even stilted nowadays. 在动词的释义 4 中，否定和疑问形式有两种 : (1) 否定形式 : used not/ usedn't to ，如 He used not to smoke ；疑问形式 : used X to? ，如 Used he to smoke? (2) 否定形式 : did not/ didn't use to ，如 He didn't use to smoke ；疑问形式 : did X use to? ，如 Did he use to smoke? 注意：否定缩写形式的正确拼写为 usedn't to 和 didn't use to 。 usen't to 和 didn't used to 不正确。 (1) 、 (2) 中所有形式均可，但 (1) 中的各种形式更为正式。 (1) 中的疑问形式现在显得过于正式，甚至有些呆板。 

use-by date n.  the latest recommended date of use marked on the packaging of perishable food etc. 保质期到期日(指易腐烂食品等外包装上标记的建议最晚使用日期)

useful /ˈju:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  of use; serviceable 有用的；可用的；实用的b  producing or able to produce good results 有效的；有帮助的；有益的  gave me some useful hints  给我些有用的提示 2 colloq.  highly creditable or efficient [口]值得高度赞扬的；非常得力的  a useful performance  出色的表演 □ make oneself useful   perform useful services 帮忙，做些有用的事□ usefully  adv.  □ usefulness  n.  

useful load n.  the load carried by an aircraft etc. in addition to its own weight (指飞机等自身重量除外的)有效载荷，有用负载

useless /ˈju:slis/ adj.  1  serving no purpose; unavailing 无用的；无价值的；无益的；无效的  the contents were made useless by damp  里面的东西由于受潮而变得毫无价值了 protest is useless  抗议是没有用的 2 colloq.  feeble or ineffectual [口]差劲的，无能的  am useless at swimming  我游泳很差劲 □ uselessly  adv.  □ uselessness  n.  

user /ˈju:zə/ n.  1  a person who uses (esp. a particular commodity or service, or a computer) (尤指某件商品、某项服务或计算机的)使用者；用户 2 colloq.  a drug addict [口]吸毒者 3 Law  the continued use or enjoyment of a right etc. 【法律】(指权利等的)长期使用；实际享有

user-friendly adj. esp. Computing (of a machine or system) designed to be easy to use (尤)【计算】(指机器或系统)容易使用的；(设计时)为用户的需要着想的；用户友好的 □ user-friendliness  n.  

usher /ˈʌʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who shows people to their seats in a hall or theatre etc. (指公共大厅、戏院等的)引座员，招待员 2  a doorkeeper at a court etc. (指法院等处的)门房，传达员 3 Brit.  an officer walking before a person of rank [英] (指走在重要人物之前的)领宾员 4 archaic or joc.  an assistant teacher [古义] [诙]助理教员 ●v. tr.  1  act as usher to 引，领；招待；陪同 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  announce or show in etc. 宣告或迎接等  ushered us into the room  把我们迎进了房间 ushered in a new era  迎来了新时代 □ ushership  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French usser, Old French uissier, variant of huissier, and medieval Latin ustiarius from Latin ostiarius, from ostium ‘door’]

usherette /ʌʃəˈret/ n.  a female usher esp. in a cinema (尤指电影院的)女引座员

USM abbr. Stock Exch.  Unlisted Securities Market [缩略]【股】场外证券市场

USN abbr.  United States Navy [缩略]美国海军

usquebaugh /ˈʌskwibɔ:/ n. esp. Ir. & Sc.  whisky [尤爱尔兰和苏格兰]威士忌酒 [Irish & Gaelic uisge beatha ‘water of life’: cf. WHISKY]

USS abbr.  United States Ship [缩略]美国船舰

USSR abbr. hist.  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [缩略] [史义]苏联

usual /ˈju:ʒʊəl/ adj.  1  such as commonly occurs, or is observed or done; customary, habitual 通常的，平常的；惯常的，惯例的  the usual formalities  一般性手续 it is usual to tip them  给他们小费是惯例 forgot my keys as usual  跟往常一样我忘记拿钥匙了 2 (prec. by 前接 the, my, etc.) colloq.  a person's usual drink etc. [口] (指人)常喝的饮料(等) □ usually  adv.  □ usualness  n.   [Middle English from Old French usual, usuel or Late Latin usualis (as USE)]

usucaption /ju:zjʊˈkæpʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 usucapion /ju:zjʊˈkeipiən/) (in Roman and Scots law) the acquisition of a title or right to property by uninterrupted and undisputed possession for a prescribed term (罗马和苏格兰法律) (指财产权的)凭时效取得，(指物权的)取得时效 [Old French usucap(t)ion or Latin usucap(t)io from usucapere ‘acquire by prescription’, from usu ‘by use’ + capere capt- ‘take’]

usufruct /ˈju:zjʊfrʌkt/ n. & v. ●n. (in Roman and Scots law) the right of enjoying the use and advantages of another's property short of the destruction or waste of its substance (罗马和苏格兰法律)使用收益权，用益权(指使用他人财产并收益而不损害或浪费该财产的权利) ●v. tr.  hold in usufruct 根据用益权占有，使(财产)受用益权约束 □ usufructuary  /-ˈfrʌktjʊəri/ adj. & n.   [medieval Latin usufructus from Latin usus(et)fructus, from usus USE + fructus FRUIT]

usurer /ˈju:ʒ(ə)rə/ n.  a person who practises usury 放高利贷者 [Middle English via Anglo-French usurer, Old French usureor, from usure, from Latin usura: see USURY]

usurious /ju:ˈʒʊəriəs, ju:ˈzj-/ adj.  of, involving, or practising usury 高利贷的；放高利贷的；收取高利的 □ usuriously  adv.  

usurp /jʊˈzɜ:p, jʊˈsɜ:p/ v.  1 tr.  seize or assume (a throne or power etc.) wrongfully 篡夺；侵占(王位或权力等) 2 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  encroach 侵犯，侵害 □ usurpation  /ju:zəˈpeiʃ(ə)n, ju:s-/ n.  □ usurper  n.   [Middle English via Old French usurper from Latin usurpare ‘seize for use’]

usury /ˈju:ʒ(ə)ri/ n.  1  the act or practice of lending money at interest, esp. Law at an exorbitant rate 高利贷；(尤)【法律】高利盘剥 2  interest at this rate 高利 □ with usury  literary or poet.  with increased force etc. [文学用语] [诗]以增强的力量等，加强 [Middle English via medieval Latin usuria from Latin usura (as USE)]

UT abbr. [缩略]  1  Universal Time 世界时 2 US  Utah (in official postal use) [美]犹他州(正式邮政用语)

UTC abbr. [缩略]  Universal Time Coordinated (also expanded as 亦作 COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME) 

Utd abbr.  United (esp. in the name of a football team) [缩略]联队(尤用在足球队的名称中)

ute /ju:t/ n. Austral. & NZ slang  a utility truck [澳新] [俚语]小卡车，轻型货车，轻便小货车 [abbreviation]

utensil /ju:ˈtens(ə)l/ n.  an implement or vessel, esp. for domestic use (尤指家用)器皿，用具  cooking utensils  烹饪用具 [Middle English via Old French utensile from medieval Latin, neut. of Latin utensilis ‘usable’ (as USE)]

uterine /ˈju:tərin, -ain/ adj.  1  of or relating to the uterus 子宫的 2  born of the same mother but not the same father 同母异父的  sister uterine  同母异父姐妹 [Middle English from Late Latin uterinus (as UTERUS)]

uterus /ˈju:t(ə)rəs/ n. (pl. uteri /-rai/)  the womb 子宫 □ uteritis  /-ˈraitis/ n.  子宫炎 [Latin]

utile /ˈju:tail/ adj.  useful; having utility 有用的；有助益的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin utilis, from uti ‘use’]

utilitarian /jʊˌtiliˈtɛəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  designed to be useful for a purpose rather than attractive; severely practical 有效用的；实用的 2  of utilitarianism 功利主义的；实利主义的 ●n.  an adherent of utilitarianism 功利主义者；实利主义者

utilitarianism /jʊˌtiliˈtɛəriəniz(ə)m/ n.  1  the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority (指信奉有用即真理或为了大多数人利益就是对的)实利主义 2  the doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct (指信奉以最大多数人的最大幸福为行动指南的)功利主义

utility /ju:ˈtiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the condition of being useful or profitable 功用，效用，实用，功利 2  a useful thing 有用之物 3  = PUBLIC UTILITY  4 (作 attrib.)  a  severely practical and standardized 实用的，通用的  utility furniture  实用家具b  made or serving for utility 实用型的；有多种用途的 [Middle English via Old French utilité from Latin utilitas -tatis (as UTILE)]

utility knife n. N. Amer. [北美]  = STANLEY KNIFE 

utility program n. Computing  a program for carrying out a routine function 【计算】实用程序

utility room n.  a room equipped with appliances for washing, ironing, and other domestic work (指洗衣机、熨斗和其他家务用具的)存储间，杂用间

utility vehicle n. (also 亦作 utility truck etc.)  a vehicle capable of serving various functions 多用途车辆

utilize /ˈju:tilaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  make practical use of; turn to account; use effectively 利用，应用；有效利用 □ utilizable  adj.  □ utilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ utilizer  n.   [French utiliser from Italian utilizzare (as UTILE)]

-ution /ˈju:ʃ(ə)n, ˈu:ʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns = -ATION 构成名词  solution  解决；解答；溶解 [French from Latin -utio]

utmost /ˈʌtməʊst/ adj. & n. ●adj.  furthest, extreme, or greatest 最远的；极度的；最大的  the utmost limits  极限 showed the utmost reluctance  显得极为勉强 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the utmost point or degree etc. 极限；极度；最大程度等 □ do one's utmost   do all that one can 竭力，尽全力 [Old English ūt(e)mest (as OUT, -MOST)]

Utopia /ju:ˈtəʊpiə/ n. (also 亦作 utopia)  an imagined perfect place or state of things 乌托邦(指理想中的美好社会) [title of a book (1516) by Thomas More: modern Latin, from Greek ou ‘not’ + topos ‘place’]

Utopian /ju:ˈtəʊpiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 utopian) ●adj.  characteristic of Utopia; idealistic 乌托邦的；乌托邦式的；空想社会主义的；空想的，不切实际的 ●n.  an idealistic reformer 空想家；空想社会主义者 □ Utopianism  n.  

utricle /ˈju:trik(ə)l/ n.  a small cell or sac in an animal or plant, esp. one in the inner ear (指动物或植物上的)胞果；胞囊；(尤指内耳中的)小囊；椭圆囊 □ utricular  /ju:ˈtrikjʊlə/ adj.   [French utricule or Latin utriculus, diminutive of uter ‘leather bag’]

utter1 /ˈʌtə/ attrib. adj.  complete, total, absolute 完全的，彻底的，十足的；绝对的  utter misery  神秘十足 saw the utter absurdity of it  认识到此事极其荒唐 □ utterly  adv.  □ utterness  n.   [Old English ūtera, ūttra, comparative adj. from ūt OUT: cf. OUTER]

utter2 /ˈʌtə/ v. tr.  1  emit audibly 发出(声音等)  uttered a startled cry  发出惊人的叫喊 2  express in spoken or written words 说，讲；吐露，表露；发表(意见等) 3 Law  put (esp. forged money) into circulation 【法律】使用(尤指使用伪钞) □ utterable  adj.  □ utterer  n.   [Middle English from Middle Dutch ūteren ‘make known’, assimilated to UTTER1]

utterance /ˈʌt(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  1  the act or an instance of uttering 发声；吐露，表达 2  a thing spoken 言辞，言语；言论 3  a  the power of speaking 表达力b  a manner of speaking 说话方式；谈吐 4 Linguistics  an uninterrupted chain of spoken or written words not necessarily corresponding to a single or complete grammatical unit 【语言学】言语，话语(指一连串词，用口头或书面形式表达出来，不一定对应于一个单一的或完整的语法单位)

uttermost /ˈʌtəməʊst/ adj.  furthest, extreme 最远的；极端的；最大限度的

U-turn n.  1  the turning of a vehicle in a U-shaped course so as to face in the opposite direction (指车辆的)U 形转弯， 180° 转弯，掉头 2  a reversal of policy (政策的)180° 的转变

UV abbr. [缩略]  ultraviolet 

UVA abbr.  ultraviolet radiation of relatively long wavelengths [缩略]波长较长的紫外线辐射

UVB abbr.  ultraviolet radiation of relatively short wavelengths [缩略]波长较短的紫外线辐射

UVC abbr.  ultraviolet radiation of very short wavelengths, which does not penetrate the earth's ozone layer [缩略]波长极短的紫外线辐射(此辐射不会穿透地球的臭氧层)

uvea /ˈju:viə/ n.  the pigmented layer of the eye, lying beneath the outer layer 眼色素层，葡萄膜 [medieval Latin from Latin uva ‘grape’]

uvula /ˈju:vjʊlə/ n. (pl. uvulae /-li:/) Anat.  1  a fleshy extension of the soft palate hanging above the throat 【解】悬雍垂，小舌 2  a similar structure in the bladder or cerebellum 膀胱垂；小脑垂 [Middle English from Late Latin, diminutive of Latin uva ‘grape’]

uvular /ˈju:vjʊlə/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or relating to the uvula 悬雍垂的，小舌的 2  articulated with the back of the tongue and the uvula, as in r in French 用小舌发音的，小舌音的(如法语中的 r) ●n.  a uvular consonant 小舌(辅)音

uxorial /ʌkˈsɔ:riəl/ adj.  of or relating to a wife 妻子的；同妻子有关的

uxoricide /ʌkˈsɔ:risaid/ n.  1  the killing of one's wife 杀妻 2  a person who does this 杀妻者 □ uxoricidal  /-ˈsaid(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin uxor ‘wife’ + -CIDE]

uxorious /ʌkˈsɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  greatly or excessively fond of one's wife 宠爱妻子的，一味顺从妻子的 2 (of behaviour etc.) showing such fondness (指行为等)显出宠爱妻子的，顺从妻子的 □ uxoriously  adv.  □ uxoriousness  n.   [Latin uxoriosus from uxor ‘wife’]

Uzbek /ˈʌzbek, ˈʊz-/ n.  1  a member of a Turkic people living mainly in the republic of Uzbekistan in central Asia (指主要居住在中亚乌孜别克共和国的)乌孜别克人 2  the Turkic language of this people 乌孜别克语 [Uzbek]

Uzbekistan   乌兹别克斯坦

Uzi /ˈu:zi/ n.  a type of sub-machine gun of Israeli design 乌兹枪(以色列造的一种冲锋枪) also 亦作 attrib.: Uzi sub-machine gun  乌兹冲锋枪 [from Uzial Gal, the name of the Israeli army officer who designed it]

V1 /vi:/ n. (also 亦作 v) (pl. Vs or V's)  1  the twenty-second letter of the alphabet 英语字母表的第 22 个字母 2  a V-shaped thing V 字形物 3 (as a Roman numeral) five (罗马数字)五

V2 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element vanadium 【化】(化学元素)钒 2  a  volt(s) b  voltage, potential difference  3  volume 

v abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 v.)  1  verse  2  verso  3  versus  4  very  5  vide  6  velocity 

V-1 /vi:ˈwʌn/ n. hist.  a type of German flying bomb used in the Second World War [史义] V-1 飞弹(第二次世界大战时德国曾经使用) [abbreviation of German Vergeltungswaffe ‘reprisal weapon’]

V-2 /vi:ˈtu:/ n. hist.  a type of German rocket-powered missile used in the Second World War [史义] V-2 飞弹(第二次世界大战时德国使用的以火箭驱动的导弹) [abbreviation of German Vergeltungswaffe ‘reprisal weapon’]

V. & A. abbr.  Victoria & Albert Museum (in London) [缩略] (伦敦)维多利亚和阿伯特博物馆

VA abbr. [缩略]  1 US  Veterans' Administration [美]退伍军人管理局 2  Vicar Apostolic  3  Vice Admiral  4 US  Virginia (in official postal use) [美]弗吉尼亚州(正式邮政用语) 5 (in the UK) Order of Victoria and Albert (英国)维多利亚和艾伯特勋章

Va. abbr. [缩略]  Virginia 

vac /væk/ n. colloq. [口]  1 Brit.  vacation (esp. of universities) [英] (尤指大学)假期 2  vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器 [abbreviation]

vacancy /ˈveik(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the state of being vacant or empty 空；空白；空间；空隙；空处 2  an unoccupied post or job 空缺；空职  there are three vacancies for typists  有 3 个打字员的空缺 3  an available room in a hotel etc. (指宾馆等的)空房 4  emptiness of mind; idleness, listlessness (指心灵、思想的)空虚；无所事事；无精打采

vacant /ˈveik(ə)nt/ adj.  1  not filled or occupied; empty 空着的；未被占用的；空白的 2  not mentally active; showing no interest 空虚的；无聊的；没精打采的；茫然的  had a vacant stare  茫然地瞥了一眼 □ vacantly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French vacant or Latin vacare (as VACATE)]

vacant possession n. Brit.  ownership of a house etc. with any previous occupant having moved out [英]空屋等的占有

vacate /vəˈkeit, veiˈkeit/ v. tr.  1  leave vacant or cease to occupy (a house, room, etc.) 空出(房屋、房间等)；退出；撤出 2  give up tenure of (a post etc.) 离(职)；辞(职)；退(位) 3 Law  annul (a judgement or contract etc.) 【法律】撤销(判决或合同等)；使无效 □ vacatable  adj.   [Latin vacare vacat- ‘be empty’]

vacation /vəˈkeiʃ(ə)n, vei-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a fixed period of cessation from work, esp. in universities and law courts (尤指大学的)假期；(法庭的)休庭期 2 N. Amer.  a holiday [北美]假日，休息日；节日 3  the act of vacating (a house or post etc.) 空出，搬出(房屋等)；辞去(职位等) ●v. intr. US  take a holiday [美]度假 □ vacationer  n.  □ vacationist  n.   [Middle English from Old French vacation or Latin vacatio (as VACATE)]

vacationland /vəˈkeiʃ(ə)nlænd/ n. US  an area providing attractions for holidaymakers [美]度假胜地

vaccinate /ˈvæksineit/ v. tr.  inoculate with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease; immunize 给…接种疫苗 □ vaccination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vaccinator  n.  接种员；种痘器

vaccine /ˈvæksi:n, -in/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an antigenic preparation used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases 疫苗，菌苗 2 hist.  the cowpox virus used in vaccination against smallpox [史义]牛痘苗 ●adj.  of or relating to cowpox or vaccination 牛痘的；疫苗的；种痘的，接种的 □ vaccinal  /-sin(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin vaccinus from vacca ‘cow’]

vaccinia /vækˈsiniə/ n. Med.  cowpox 【医】牛痘 [modern Latin (as VACCINE)]

vacillate /ˈvæsileit/ v. intr.  1  fluctuate in opinion or resolution (指给出意见或下决心时)动摇；犹豫，踌躇 2  move from side to side; oscillate, waver 摇摆；波动；振荡 □ vacillation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vacillator  n.   [Latin vacillare vacillat- ‘sway’]

vacua pl.  of VACUUM  

vacuole /ˈvækjʊəʊl/ n. Biol.  a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and usu. containing fluid 【生】空泡，液泡 □ vacuolar  /ˈvækjʊələ/ adj.  □ vacuolation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French, diminutive of Latin vacuus ‘empty’]

vacuous /ˈvækjʊəs/ adj.  1  lacking expression 没有表情的；直愣愣的  a vacuous stare  呆视 2  unintelligent 愚蠢的；无知的  a vacuous remark  愚蠢的话 3  empty 空的；空虚的；空泛的 □ vacuity  /vəˈkju:iti/ n.  □ vacuously  adv.  □ vacuousness  n.   [Latin vacuus ‘empty’ (as VACATE)]

vacuum /ˈvækjʊəm/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. vacuums or vacua /-jʊə/)  1  a space entirely devoid of matter 真空 2  a space or vessel from which the air has been completely or partly removed by a pump etc. (地方或容器的)真空状态；真空度 3  a  the absence of the normal or previous content of a place, environment, etc. (地方或环境的)空间状态b  the absence of former circumstances, activities, etc. (没有了先前的情况、活动等而形成的)空白；空虚 4 (pl. vacuums) colloq.  a vacuum cleaner [口]真空吸尘器 5  a decrease of pressure below the normal atmospheric value 负压 ●v. colloq. [口]  1 tr.  clean with a vacuum cleaner 用真空吸尘器打扫 2 intr.  use a vacuum cleaner 使用吸尘器 [modern Latin, neut. of Latin vacuus ‘empty’]

vacuum brake n.  a brake in which pressure is caused by the exhaustion of air 真空闸；真空制动机

vacuum cleaner n.  an apparatus for removing dust etc. by suction 真空吸尘器 □ vacuum-clean  v. intr. & tr.  

vacuum flask n. esp. Brit.  a vessel with a double wall enclosing a vacuum so that the liquid in the inner receptacle retains its temperature [尤英]保温瓶，热水瓶

vacuum gauge n.  a gauge for testing the pressure after the production of a vacuum 真空计，真空表

vacuum-packed adj.  sealed after the partial removal of air 真空包装的

vacuum pump n.  a pump for producing a vacuum 真空泵

vacuum tube n.  a tube with a near-vacuum for the free passage of electric current 真空管，电子管

VAD abbr. [缩略] (in the UK)  1  Voluntary Aid Detachment  2  a member of this 志愿救护支队队员

vade-mecum /vɑ:diˈmeikəm, veidiˈmi:kəm/ n.  a handbook etc. carried constantly for use (手册等)随身携带的常用物品 [French from modern Latin, = go with me]

vagabond /ˈvæɡəbɒnd/ n., adj. & v. ●n.  1  a wanderer or vagrant, esp. an idle one 流浪者；漂泊者；漫游者；(尤指)无业游民 2 colloq.  a scamp or rascal [口]浪子；流氓；无赖 ●adj.  having no fixed habitation; wandering 漂泊的；居无定所的 ●v. intr.  wander about as a vagabond 流浪；漫游 □ vagabondage  n.   [Middle English from Old French vagabond or Latin vagabundus, from vagari ‘wander’]

vagal  see 见 VAGUS 

vagary /ˈveiɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a caprice; an eccentric idea or act 奇想；狂想；异想天开；奇特行为；反复无常的行为  the vagaries of Fortune  命运的反复无常 □ vagarious  /vəˈɡɛəriəs/ adj.   [Latin vagari ‘wander’]

vagi pl.  of VAGUS  

vagina /vəˈdʒainə/ n. (pl. vaginas or vaginae /-ni:/)  1  the canal between the uterus and vulva of a woman or other female mammal 阴道；鞘 2  a sheath formed round a stem by the base of a leaf 叶鞘；箨 □ vaginal  adj.  叶鞘的，阴道的□ vaginitis  /vædʒiˈnaitis/ n.  阴道炎 [Latin, = sheath, scabbard]

vaginismus /vædʒiˈnizməs/ n.  a painful spasmodic contraction of the vagina in response to physical contact or pressure (esp. in sexual intercourse) 阴道痉挛(尤指在性交中) [modern Latin (as VAGINA)]

vagrant /ˈveiɡr(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person without a settled home or regular work; a tramp 居无定所或无固定工作的人；流浪者；漂泊者 2 archaic  a wanderer [古义]流浪汉；漫游者 3  a bird that has strayed from its normal range or migratory route; also called 亦称作 accidental 偏离了正常迁徙路线的鸟 ●adj.  1  characteristic of or relating to a vagrant or vagrancy 流浪(者)的；漂泊(者)的；游民的 2  wandering or roving 漫游的；徘徊的；浪迹天涯的  a vagrant musician  浪迹天涯的音乐家 3 literary  random; occurring unpredictably [文学用语]随意的；游移不定的；无常的  vagrant inspiration  游移不定的灵感 vagrant discoveries  随意的发现 □ vagrancy  n.  □ vagrantly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French vag(a)raunt, perhaps an alteration of Anglo-French wakerant etc. by association with Latin vagari ‘wander’]

vague /veiɡ/ adj.  1  of uncertain or ill-defined meaning or character 含糊的，不明确的；不清楚的；模糊的  gave a vague answer  含糊其辞的回答 has some vague idea of emigrating  对移民问题的看法不明确 2 (of a person or mind) imprecise; inexact in thought, expression, or understanding (指人)不确定的，犹豫不决的；(指思想)不确切的；(指在思想、表达或理解上)不严密的，不精确的；不具体的 □ vaguely  adv.  □ vagueness  n.  □ vaguish  adj.   [French vague or Latin vagus ‘wandering, uncertain’]

vagus /ˈveiɡəs/ n. (pl. vagi /-dʒai, -ɡai/) Anat.  either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves, with branches to the heart, lungs, and viscera 【解】迷走神经 □ vagal  adj.   [Latin: see VAGUE]

vail /veil/ v. archaic [古义]  1 tr.  lower or doff (one's plumes, pride, crown, etc.) esp. in token of submission 垂下(羽毛)；脱下(王冠等)；伏首(尤指表示屈服或降服) 2 intr.  yield; give place; remove one's hat as a sign of respect etc. 服从；屈服；脱帽(以示敬意等) [Middle English, via obsolete avale from Old French avaler ‘to lower’ from a val ‘down’, from val VALE1]

vain /vein/ adj.  1  excessively proud or conceited, esp. about one's own attributes 自负的；自视过高的 2  empty, trivial, unsubstantial 空洞的；无关紧要的；无实在意义的  vain boasts  空洞的大话 vain triumphs  徒有虚名的胜利 3  useless; followed by no good result 无价值的；无结果的；徒劳的  in the vain hope of dissuading them  枉费心机地劝阻他们 □ in vain   without result or success 徒劳，白费劲  it was in vain that we protested  我们的抗议真是劳而无功□ take a person's name in vain   use it lightly or profanely 滥用某人的名义，亵渎某人的名字□ vainly  adv.  □ vainness  /ˈveinnis/ n.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin vanus ‘empty, without substance’]

vainglory /veinˈɡlɔ:ri/ n. literary  boastfulness; extreme vanity [文学用语]自夸，自负；极度的虚荣 □ vainglorious  adj.  □ vaingloriously  adv.  □ vaingloriousness  n.   [Middle English, suggested by Old French vaine gloire, Latin vana gloria]

vair /vɛə/ n.  1 archaic or hist.  a squirrel-fur widely used for medieval linings and trimmings [古义] [史义] (指中世纪时广泛用作衣服衬里和装饰的)松鼠皮 2 Heraldry  fur represented by small shield-shaped or bell-shaped figures usu. alternately azure and argent 【纹章学】青白相间的毛皮(由相间排列的盾形或钟形图案构成) [Middle English via Old French from Latin (as VARIOUS)]

Vaishnava /ˈvaiʃnəvə/ n. Hinduism  a devotee of Vishnu 【印度教】毗湿奴派教徒 [Sanskrit vaisnava]

Vaisya /ˈvaisjə, -ʃjə/ n.  a member of the third of the four great Hindu castes, comprising the merchants and farmers 吠舍成员(指印度 4 个种姓等级中的第 3 等级，由农商阶层构成) [Sanskrit vaišya ‘peasant, labourer’]

Val /væl/   瓦尔 [人名]

valance /ˈvæl(ə)ns/ n. (also 亦作 valence)  a short curtain round the frame or canopy of a bedstead, above a window, or under a shelf (指床架周围、窗户上方、隔板下方的)短帷幔，挂布 □ valanced  adj.   [Middle English, ultimately from Old French avaler ‘descend’: see VAIL]

vale1 /veil/ n. archaic or poet. (except in place names) a valley [古义] [诗] (现仅用于地名)谷；山谷  Vale of the White Horse  怀特霍斯谷 □ vale of tears  literary  the world as a scene of life, trouble, etc. [文学用语] (充满喧嚣、烦恼等的)现世，尘世；红尘，尘嚣 [Middle English via Old French val from Latin vallis, valles]

vale2 /ˈvɑ:lei/ int. & n. ●int.  farewell 再见！再会！  ●n.  a farewell 再会；告别，离别 [Latin, imperative of valēre ‘be well or strong’]

valediction /væliˈdikʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of bidding farewell 告别；离别；告辞 2  the words used in this 告别辞；临别赠言 [Latin valedicere valedict- (as VALE2, dicere ‘say’), on the pattern of benediction]

valedictorian /ˌvælidikˈtɔ:riən/ n. N. Amer.  a person who gives a valedictory, esp. the highest-ranking member of a graduating class [北美]致告别辞的毕业生代表(通常是班上成绩最好的学生)

valedictory /væliˈdikt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  serving as a farewell 告别的；离别的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a farewell address 告别演说，告别辞

valence1 /ˈveil(ə)ns/ n. Chem. 【化】  = VALENCY 

valence2 var.  of VALANCE  VALANCE 的变体

valence electron n.  an electron in the outermost shell of an atom involved in forming a chemical bond 价电子

Valenciennes /væˌlɒnsiˈen/ n.  a rich kind of lace 瓦朗谢讷花边 [Valenciennes in NE France, where it was made in the 17th and 18th c.]

valency /ˈveil(ə)nsi/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. Chem.  the combining power of an atom measured by the number of hydrogen atoms it can displace or combine with [英]【化】(原子的)化合价，价 [Late Latin valentia ‘power, competence’ from valēre ‘be well or strong’]

valentine /ˈvæləntain/ n.  1  a card or gift sent, often anonymously, as a mark of love or affection on St Valentine's Day (14 Feb.) 在圣瓦伦廷节 (2 月 14 日)为表达爱情或情意常用匿名方式赠送的贺卡或礼物；情人节贺卡；情人节礼物 2  a sweetheart chosen on this day 情人节收受此类贺卡或礼物的情人 [Middle English via Old French Valentin from Latin Valentinus, name of two saints]

valerian /vəˈliəriən/ n.  1  a  a plant of the genus Valeriana (family Valerianaceae) with small usu. pink or white flowers and strong-smelling roots, esp. (in full 全称 common valerian) Valeriana officinalis 缬草(败酱科缬草属草本植物，通常开粉色或白色小花，其根部气味浓郁)b  a drug from the root of this, used as a stimulant and antispasmodic 缬草根药(用作兴奋剂和镇静剂) 2 (in full 全称 red valerian)  a related Mediterranean plant, Centranthus ruber, widely grown for its spurred flowers 红花缬草(一种与缬草有亲缘关系的地中海植物，种植地域较广，主要使用它的刺花) [Middle English via Old French valeriane from medieval Latin valeriana (herba), apparently fem. of Valerianus ‘of Valerius’ (a personal name)]

valeric acid /vəˈlerik, -ˈliərik/ n. Chem. 【化】  = PENTANOIC ACID  [VALERIAN + -IC]

Valerie /ˈvæləri/   瓦莱丽 [人名]

valet /ˈvælit, ˈvælei/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a man's personal (usu. male) attendant who looks after his clothes etc. (指为男主人照料衣食等事务的)贴身男仆；仆从 2  a hotel etc. employee with similar duties (指在旅馆等内做类似事务的)服务员 ●v. (valeted, valeting)  1 intr.  work as a valet 伺候；服侍 2 tr.  act as a valet to 为…照料衣物 3 tr.  clean or clean out (a car) 清洗(汽车) [French, = Old French valet, vaslet, VARLET: related to VASSAL]

valeta var.  of VELETA  VELETA 的变体

valetudinarian /ˌvælitju:diˈnɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person of poor health or unduly anxious about health 体弱者；过分担忧健康的人 ●adj.  1  of or being a valetudinarian 体弱多病的；过分为健康状况发愁的 2  of poor health 体弱的 3  seeking to recover one's health 想要恢复健康的 □ valetudinarianism  n.   [Latin valetudinarius ‘in ill health’ via valetudo -dinis ‘health’ from valēre ‘be well’]

valetudinary /væliˈtju:din(ə)ri/ adj. & n. (pl. -ies)  = VALETUDINARIAN 

valgus /ˈvælɡəs/ n.  a deformity involving the outward displacement of the foot or hand from the midline (脚或手的)外翻 [Latin, = knock-kneed]

Valhalla /vælˈhælə/ n.  1 (in Norse mythology) a palace in which the souls of slain heroes feasted for eternity 瓦尔哈拉殿堂(北欧神话中接待战死者英灵的殿堂) 2  a building used for honouring the illustrious 英烈祠 [modern Latin from Old Norse Valhöll, from valr ‘the slain’ + höll HALL]

valiant /ˈvæliənt/ adj. (of a person or conduct) brave, courageous (指人或行为)勇敢的；英勇的；勇猛的 □ valiantly  adv.   [Middle English from Anglo-French valiaunt, Old French vailant, ultimately from Latin valēre ‘be strong’]

valid /ˈvælid/ adj.  1 (of a reason, objection, etc.) sound or defensible; well-grounded (指理由、异议等)有充分根据的；有理的；确凿的；令人信服的 2  a  executed with the proper formalities 履行正当手续的；具有法律效力的  a valid contract  具有法律效力的合同b  legally acceptable 法律上有效的，得到法律上认可的  a valid passport  有效护照c  not having reached its expiry date 未到期的；有效的 □ validity  /vəˈliditi/ n.  □ validly  adv.   [French valide or Latin validus ‘strong’ (as VALIANT)]

validate /ˈvælideit/ v. tr.  make valid; ratify, confirm 使生效，使有法律效力；批准，确认…有效；证实，确实 □ validation  /-ˈdeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [medieval Latin validare from Latin (as VALID)]

valine /ˈveili:n/ n. Biochem.  an amino acid that is an essential nutrient for vertebrates and a general constituent of proteins 【生化】缬氨酸 [VALERIC ACID + -INE4]

valise /vəˈli:z/ n.  1  a kitbag 旅行包；用具包 2 US  a small portmanteau [美]小旅行皮箱 [French from Italian valigia, corresponding to medieval Latin valisia, of unknown origin]

Valium /ˈvæliəm/ n. propr.  the drug diazepam used as a tranquillizer and relaxant [商标]安定(用作镇静药和弛缓药) [20th c.: origin uncertain]

Valkyrie /vælˈkiəri, ˈvælkiri/ n. (in Norse mythology) each of Odin's twelve handmaidens who conducted the slain warriors of their choice from the battlefield to Valhalla 瓦尔基里(指北欧神话中奥丁神的 12 个侍女之一，被派赴战场选择有资格进入瓦尔哈拉殿堂的阵亡者) [Old Norse Valkyrja, literally ‘chooser of the slain’ from valr ‘the slain’ + kyrjɑˉ ‘chooser’]

vallecula /væˈlekjʊlə/ n. (pl. valleculae /-li:/) Anat. & Bot.  a groove or furrow 【解】【植】谷，沟；线沟 □ vallecular  adj.  □ valleculate  /-leit/ adj.   [Late Latin, diminutive of Latin vallis ‘valley’]

valley /ˈvæli/ n. (pl. -eys)  1  a low area more or less enclosed by hills and usu. with a stream flowing through it 山谷(中间多有溪流) 2  any depression compared to this 凹地，凹陷处，低凹处 3 Archit.  an internal angle formed by the intersecting planes of a roof 【建】屋谷；屋顶排水沟 [Middle English from Anglo-French valey, Old French valee, ultimately from Latin vallis, valles: cf. VALE1]

vallum /ˈvæləm/ n. Rom. Antiq.  a rampart and stockade as a defence [古罗马]垒墙；壁垒；防御性护栏 [Latin, collective from vallus ‘stake’]

valonia /væˈləʊniə/ n.  acorn-cups of an evergreen oak, Quercus macrolepis, used in tanning, dyeing, and making ink 檞斗，橡碗(用于鞣革、染色和制墨) [Italian vallonia, ultimately from Greek balanos ‘acorn’]

valor US var.  of VALOUR [美] VALOUR 的变体

valorize /ˈvæləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  raise or fix the price of (a commodity etc.) by artificial means, esp. by government action (尤指由政府干预人为地)提高或限定(商品等的)价格；稳定…的价格 □ valorization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [back-formation from valorization from French valorisation (as VALOUR)]

valour /ˈvælə/ n. (US [美] valor)  personal courage, esp. in battle (尤指战斗中的)英勇；勇武；勇气 □ valorous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin valor -oris, from valēre ‘be strong’]

valse /vɑ:ls, vɔ:ls/ n.  a waltz 华尔兹舞；华尔兹舞曲，圆舞曲 [French from German (as WALTZ)]

valuable /ˈvæljʊb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of great value, price, or worth 有价值的；珍贵的；值钱的；重要的；有用的  a valuable property  贵重物品 valuable information  重要信息 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a valuable thing, esp. a small article of personal property 贵重物品(尤指小件私人物品) □ valuably  adv.  

valuation /væljʊˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a  an estimation (esp. by a professional valuer) of a thing's worth (尤指由职业评估师进行的)估价；评估b  the worth estimated 估定的价值；估价 2  the price set on a thing 定价 □ valuate  /ˈvæ-/ v. tr. esp. US [尤美] 

valuator /ˈvæljʊeitə/ n.  a person who makes valuations; a valuer 估价人；价格核定者；评价人；鉴定人；评估师

value /ˈvælju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the worth, desirability, or utility of a thing, or the qualities on which these depend 价值；有用性；重要性；益处  the value of regular exercise  长期锻炼的益处 2  worth as estimated; valuation 所估的价值；估价  set a high value on my time  珍惜我的时间 3  the amount of money or goods for which a thing can be exchanged in the open market; purchasing power (市场)价值或价格；交换力；购买力 4  the equivalent of a thing; what represents or is represented by or may be substituted for a thing 等值；等价物  paid them the value of their lost property  支付与他们损失财物的价值相当的金额 5 (in full 全称 value for money)  something well worth the money spent (cf. 参见 VALUE-FOR-MONEY) 值；合算；物有所值 6  the ability of a thing to serve a purpose or cause an effect 价值(指某物的用途或效果)  news value  新闻价值 nuisance value  障碍值，阻扰价值 7 (in pl. 用复数)  one's principles or standards; one's judgement of what is valuable or important in life 原则或准则；价值观念；价值标准 8 Mus.  the duration of the sound signified by a note 【音】时值(指音符的长度) 9 Math.  the amount denoted by an algebraic term or expression 【数】(数)值 10 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  the meaning (of a word etc.) (指字词等的)含义；意义b  the quality (of a spoken sound) 值，音值 11  the relative rank or importance of a playing card, chess piece, etc., according to the rules of the game (指扑克牌中一张牌、象棋中的一个棋子等根据游戏规则确定的)值 12  the relation of one part of a picture to others in respect of light and shade; the part being characterized by a particular tone (指画中的)色彩明暗程度，浓淡关系；采用某种色调的部分 13 Physics & Chem.  the numerical measure of a quantity or a number denoting magnitude on some conventional scale 【物理学】【化】(数)值  the value of gravity at the equator  赤道处的重力值 ●v. tr. (values, valued, valuing)  1  estimate the value of; appraise (esp. professionally) (尤指专业)估价；评估；对…估价  valued the property at £ 200,000  财产估价为 20 万英镑 2  have a high or specified opinion of; attach importance to 重视；珍视  a valued friend  值得珍视的朋友 □ good (or poor etc.) value   well worth (or not worth) the money or attention spent (指钱或精力花得)值得(或不值得) [Middle English from Old French, fem. past part. of valoir ‘be worth’ from Latin valēre]

value added n. & adj. ●n. Econ.  the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs 【经】增值(指产品在各个生产阶段中除初始成本外新增加的价值量) ●attrib. adj. (作 value-added)  1 (of goods etc.) having enhancements etc. added to a basic line esp. to increase profit margins (指商品等)增值的 2 (of a company) offering specialized or extended services in a commercial area (指公司)增值的

value added tax n.  a tax on the amount by which the value of an article has been increased at each stage of its production 增值税(根据产品在各个生产阶段中所增加的价值而加征的税款)

value-for-money attrib. adj.  well worth the money spent (cf. 参见 VALUE n. 5) 物有所值的；等值的；等价的

value judgement n.  a subjective estimate of quality etc. 价值判断(指对质量等作的主观评价)

valueless /ˈvæljʊlis/ adj.  having no value 没有价值的；毫无用处的 □ valuelessness  n.  

valuer /ˈvæljʊə/ n. esp. Brit.  a person who estimates or assesses values, esp. professionally [尤英]估价人；价格核定人；评价人；(尤指)专业评估师

value received n.  money or its equivalent given for a bill of exchange 货款收讫

valuta /vəˈlju:tə, -ˈlu:-/ n.  1  the value of one currency with respect to another 币值；汇率值 2  a currency considered in this way 外汇 [Italian, = VALUE]

valve /vælv/ n.  1  a device for controlling the passage of fluid through a pipe etc., esp. an automatic device allowing movement in one direction only 阀(门)，活门 2 Anat. & Zool.  a membranous part of an organ etc. allowing a flow of blood etc. in one direction only 【解】【动】瓣，瓣膜 3 Brit. [英]  = THERMIONIC VALVE  4  a device to vary the effective length of the tube in a brass musical instrument (指铜管乐器上的)活瓣 5  each of the two shells of an oyster, mussel, etc. (指牡蛎、贻贝等的)贝壳 6 Bot.  each of the segments into which a capsule or dry fruit dehisces 【植】(指荚果或干果的)裂爿 7 archaic  a leaf of a folding door [古义]折叠门的一扇 □ valvate  /-veit/ adj.  □ valved  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ valveless  adj.  □ valvule  n.   [Middle English from Latin valva ‘leaf of a folding door’]

valvular /ˈvælvjʊlə/ adj.  1  having a valve or valves 有阀门的 2  having the form or function of a valve 阀门状的；具阀门作用的 [modern Latin valvula, diminutive of Latin valva]

valvulitis /vælvjʊˈlaitis/ n.  inflammation of the valves of the heart 瓣炎；心瓣炎

vambrace /ˈvæmbreis/ n. hist.  defensive armour for the forearm [史义]前臂铠甲 [Middle English from Anglo-French vaunt-bras, Old French avant-bras, from avant ‘before’ (see AVAUNT) + bras ‘arm’]

vamoose /vəˈmu:s/ v. intr. (esp. as 尤作 int.) US slang  depart hurriedly [美] [俚语]匆匆离去，溜走；迅速走开 [Spanish vamos ‘let us go’]

vamp1 /væmp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the upper front part of a boot or shoe 靴面或鞋面的前部 2  a patched-up article 修补过的东西；翻新的东西；拼凑成的东西 3 Mus.  a short simple introductory passage usu. repeated several times until otherwise instructed 【音】一小段简单的序曲(通常重复多次) ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  repair or furbish 修补，翻新 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  make by patching or from odds and ends 拼凑；修补；捏造 3 intr.  play a vamp 即席伴奏 4 tr.  put a new vamp to (a boot or shoe) 修换(鞋、靴的)鞋面 [Middle English from Old French avantpié, from avant ‘before’ (see AVAUNT) + pied ‘foot’]

vamp2 /væmp/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a woman who uses sexual attraction to exploit men; an unscrupulous flirt 利用色相勒索男子的女子；肆无忌惮卖弄风情的人 ●v.  1 tr.  allure or exploit (a man) 诱惑或勒索(男子) 2 intr.  act as a vamp 勾引男子；诱惑男子 □ vampish  adj.  □ vampy  adj.   [abbreviation of VAMPIRE]

vampire /ˈvæmpaiə/ n.  1  a reanimated corpse supposed to leave its grave at night to suck the blood of persons sleeping 吸血鬼(传说在夜间离开坟墓去吸人血) 2  a person who preys ruthlessly on others 无情掠夺者；敲诈勒索者；高利贷者 3 (in full 全称 vampire bat)  any tropical (esp. S. American) bat of the family Desmodontidae, with incisors for piercing flesh and feeding on blood (热带地区，尤指南美的)吸血蝠 4 Theatr.  a small spring trapdoor used for sudden disappearances 【戏】(指演员可由此突然消失的)活板门 □ vampiric  /-ˈpirik/ adj.   [French vampire or German Vampir from Hungarian vampir, perhaps from Turkish uber ‘witch’]

vampirism /ˈvæmpaiəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  belief in the existence of vampires (相信有吸血鬼存在的)吸血鬼迷信 2  the practices of a vampire 掠夺；敲诈；剥削

vamplate /ˈvæmpleit/ n. hist.  an iron plate on a lance protecting the hand when the lance was couched [史义] (指古代骑士使用的长矛柄上的)铁片护手 [Middle English from Anglo-French vauntplate (as VAMBRACE, PLATE)]

van1 /væn/ n.  1  a covered vehicle for conveying goods etc. 厢式送货车；(有篷盖的)客货车 2 Brit.  a railway carriage for luggage or for the use of the guard [英]行李车；守车 3 Brit.  a gypsy caravan [英]吉卜赛大篷车 [abbreviation of CARAVAN]

van2 /væn/ n.  1  a vanguard 前卫；前锋 2  the forefront 先锋，前驱，领导者  in the van of progress  处于进步的领先地位 [abbreviation of VANGUARD]

van3 /væn/ n.  1 Brit.  the testing of ore quality by washing on a shovel or by machine [英]铲头或机器洗矿 2 archaic  a winnowing fan [古义]簸(谷)器，扬(谷)器 3 archaic or poet.  a wing [古义] [诗]翼 [Middle English, southern & western variant of FAN1, perhaps partly from Old French van or Latin vannus]

van4 /væn/ n. Brit. Tennis colloq. [英]【网球】[口]  = ADVANTAGEn. 4  [abbreviation]

vanadium /vəˈneidiəm/ n. Chem.  a hard grey metallic transition element occurring naturally in several ores and used in small quantities for strengthening some steels (symbol 符 V) 【化】(化学元素)钒 □ vanadate  /ˈvænədeit/ n.  钒酸盐(或酯)□ vanadic  /-ˈnædik/ adj.  □ vanadous  /ˈvænədəs/ adj.  亚钒的 [modern Latin, from Old Norse Vanadís (a name of the Scandinavian goddess Freyja) + -IUM]

Van Allen belt /væn ˈælən/ n. (also 亦作 Van Allen layer)  each of two regions of intense radiation partly surrounding the earth at heights of several thousand kilometres 范艾伦(辐射)带 [named after J. A. Van Allen, US physicist b. 1914]

Vancouver /vænˈku:və/ n.  温哥华 [加拿大港市]

vandal /ˈvænd(ə)l/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person who wilfully or maliciously destroys or damages property etc. 故意或恶意损坏财产等的人 2 (作 Vandal)  a member of a Germanic people that ravaged Gaul, Spain, N. Africa, and Rome in the 4th － 5th c., destroying many books and works of art 汪达尔人(日耳曼民族一支，曾于公元前 4 至 5 世纪在高卢、西班牙、北非和罗马进行掠夺，毁坏了许多书籍和艺术作品) ●adj.  of or relating to the Vandals 汪达尔人的 □ Vandalic  /-ˈdælik/ adj. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)   [Latin Vandalus, from Germanic]

vandalism /ˈvænd(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  wilful or malicious destruction or damage to property etc. 故意或恶意毁坏财产等的行为 □ vandalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  □ vandalistically  /-ˈlistik(ə)li/ adv.  

vandalize /ˈvænd(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  destroy or damage wilfully or maliciously 肆意毁坏，恶意损坏

van de Graaff generator /væn də ˈɡrɑ:f/ n. Electr.  a machine devised to generate electrostatic charge by means of a vertical endless belt collecting charge from a voltage source and transferring it to a large insulated metal dome, where a high voltage is produced 【电】范德格喇夫起电机 [named after R. J. van de Graaff, US physicist d. 1967]

van der Waals forces /væn də ˈwɑ:lz, ˈvɑ:lz/ n. pl. Chem.  short-range attractive forces between uncharged molecules arising from the interaction of dipole moments 【化】范德瓦尔斯力 [named after J. van der Waals, Dutch physicist d. 1923]

vandyke /vænˈdaik/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  each of a series of large points forming a border to lace or cloth etc. (衣服、饰带的)锯齿形饰边 2  a cape or collar etc. with these 有锯齿形饰边的披肩或衣领 ●adj. (作 Vandyke)  in the style of dress, esp. with pointed borders, common in portraits by Van Dyck 凡·戴克绘画中人物常着(尤指有锯齿边)服式的 [named after Sir A. Van Dyck, Anglicized Vandyke, Flemish painter d. 1641]

Vandyke beard n.  a neat pointed beard (下巴上的)短尖髯

Vandyke brown n. & adj. ●n.  a deep rich brown 铁棕 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 铁棕色的

vane /vein/ n.  1  a  = WEATHERVANE b  an inconstant person or thing 多变的人或事 2  a blade of a screw propeller or a windmill etc. (指螺旋桨、风车等的)翼；叶片；轮叶 3  the sight of surveying instruments, a quadrant, etc. (指测量仪器、四分仪等的)视准器，觇板 4  the flat part of a bird's feather formed by the barbs 羽片 □ vaned  adj.   [Middle English, southern & western variant of obsolete fane from Old English fana ‘banner’, from Germanic]

Vanessa /vəˈnesə/   瓦内萨 [人名]

vang /væŋ/ n. Naut.  each of two guy-ropes running from the end of a gaff to the deck 【海】斜桁支索，稳索 [earlier fang = gripping-device: Old English via Old Norse fang ‘grasp’ from Germanic]

vanguard /ˈvænɡɑ:d/ n.  1  the foremost part of an army or fleet advancing or ready to advance 前卫；尖兵；先头部队(或舰队) 2  the leaders of a movement or of opinion etc. 先锋，前驱；先驱者，领导者 [earlier vandgard, (a)vantgard from Old French avan(t)garde, from avant ‘before’ (see AVAUNT) + garde GUARD]

vanilla /vəˈnilə/ n.  1  a  any tropical climbing orchid of the genus Vanilla, esp. V. planifolia, with fragrant flowers 香子兰，香草(热带兰科攀援植物，花味馥郁)b (in full 全称 vanilla-pod)  the fruit of these 香子兰荚 2  a substance obtained from the vanilla-pod or synthesized and used to flavour ice cream, chocolate, etc. 香子兰(香)精；香草(香)精 [Spanish vainilla ‘pod’, diminutive of vaina ‘sheath, pod’, from Latin VAGINA]

vanillin /vəˈnilin/ n.  the fragrant principle of vanilla 香草醛，香兰素

vanish /ˈvæniʃ/ v.  1 intr.  a  disappear suddenly 突然不见；消失b  disappear gradually; fade away 逐渐消散；消灭；结束 2 intr.  cease to exist 不复存在；消逝 3 intr. Math.  become zero 【数】变为零；等于零 4 tr.  cause to disappear 使不见；使消失 [Middle English from Old French e(s)vaniss-, stem of e(s)vanir, ultimately from Latin evanescere (as EX-1, vanus ‘empty’)]

vanishing cream n.  an ointment that leaves no visible trace when rubbed into the skin 雪花膏

vanishing point n.  1  the point at which receding parallel lines viewed in perspective appear to meet 没影点，灭点(透视画中平行线条的会聚点) 2  the state of complete disappearance of something 消失点；尽头

vanitory /ˈvænit(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) propr. [商标]  = VANITY UNIT  [from VANITY + -ORY1, on the pattern of lavatory]

vanity /ˈvæniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  conceit and desire for admiration of one's personal attainments or attractions 自负，自大 2  a  futility or unsubstantiality 无用；无价值  the vanity of human achievement  人类成就之徒劳无益b  an unreal thing 空虚，虚幻 3  ostentatious display 虚夸，虚荣(心) 4 N. Amer.  a dressing table [北美]梳妆台 [Middle English via Old French vanité from Latin vanitas -tatis (as VAIN)]

vanity bag n. (also 亦作 vanity case)  a bag or case carried by a woman and containing a small mirror, make-up, etc. (指妇女用来放梳妆用品的)小手提包，小梳妆盒

Vanity Fair n.  the world (allegorized in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress) as a scene of vanity 名利场，浮华虚荣的社会(班扬在《天路历程》中用讽喻的方式描述的世界)

vanity publisher n.  a publisher who publishes only at the author's expense 作者自费出版社(指只出版作者自己出资的作品的出版社) □ vanity publishing  n.  

vanity unit n.  a unit consisting of a washbasin set into a flat top with cupboards beneath (指下面装有小橱的)组合式盥洗盆

vanquish /ˈvæŋkwiʃ/ v. tr. literary  conquer or overcome [文学用语]征服；战胜；克服 □ vanquishable  adj.  □ vanquisher  n.   [Middle English venkus, -quis, etc., via Old French vencus past part., and venquis past tense, of veintre from Latin vincere: assimilated to -ISH2]

vantage /ˈvɑ:ntidʒ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 vantage point or ground)  a place affording a good view or prospect 有利地形；优势 2 Tennis 【网球】  = ADVANTAGEn. 4  3 archaic  an advantage or gain [古义]利益；获利 [Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French avantage ADVANTAGE]

Vanuatu   瓦努阿图

vapid /ˈvæpid/ adj.  insipid; lacking interest; flat, dull 淡而无味的；无趣味的，枯燥的；单调的，令人厌烦的  vapid moralizing  枯燥乏味的道德说教 □ vapidity  /væˈpiditi/ n.  □ vapidly  adv.  □ vapidness  n.   [Latin vapidus]

vapor US var.  of VAPOUR [美] VAPOUR 的变体

vaporetto /væpəˈretəʊ/ n. (pl. vaporetti /-ti/ or -os) (in Venice) a canal boat (originally a steamboat, now a motor boat) used for public transport (指在威尼斯的运河上载客的)汽艇(最初为蒸汽艇) [Italian, = small steamboat, diminutive of vapore from Latin vapor ‘steam’]

vaporific /veipəˈrifik, væp-/ adj.  concerned with or causing vapour or vaporization 蒸气的；产生蒸气的；易发散的；易挥发的

vaporimeter /veipəˈrimitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the amount of vapour 蒸气(压力)计

vaporize /ˈveipəraiz/ v. tr. & intr. (also 亦作 -ise)  convert or be converted into vapour (使)汽化；(使)蒸发 □ vaporizable  adj. (also 亦作 vaporable)  □ vaporization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

vaporizer /ˈveipəraizə/ n.  a device that vaporizes substances, esp. for medicinal inhalation 汽化器；喷雾器；蒸馏器

vapour /ˈveipə/ n. & v. (US [美] vapor) ●n.  1  moisture or another substance diffused or suspended in air, e.g. mist or smoke (悬浮在空中的)汽(或其他物质如雾或烟) 2 Physics  a gaseous form of a normally liquid or solid substance (cf. 参见 GAS n. 1) 【物理学】气态 3  a medicinal agent for inhaling 吸入剂 4 (in pl. 用复数) archaic  a state of depression or melancholy, thought to be caused by exhalations of vapour from the stomach [古义]抑郁或忧郁(症) (据说发自腹内的郁气) ●v. intr.  1  rise as vapour 蒸发；汽化；散发蒸气 2  make idle boasts or empty talk 自夸，说大话，讲废话 □ vaporous  adj.  □ vaporousness  n.  □ vapourer  n.  □ vapouring  n.  □ vapourish  adj.  □ vapoury  adj.   [Middle English from Old French vapour or Latin vapor ‘steam, heat’]

vapour density n.  the density of a gas or vapour relative to hydrogen etc. 蒸气密度，汽密度

vapour pressure n.  the pressure of a vapour in contact with its liquid or solid form 汽压

vapour trail n.  a trail of condensed water from an aircraft or rocket at high altitude, seen as a white streak against the sky (指飞机或火箭在高空飞行时留下的)雾化尾迹，拉烟

VAR abbr.  value-added reseller [缩略]增值转销商

var. abbr. [缩略]  variety 

varactor /vəˈræktə/ n.  a semiconductor diode with a capacitance dependent on the applied voltage 变容二极管，可变电抗器 [varying reactor]

varec /ˈværek/ n.  1  seaweed 海藻；海草 2  = KELP  [French varec(h) from Old Norse: related to WRECK]

variable /ˈvɛəriəb(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  that can be varied or adapted 可变的；可更改的；可调节的  a rod of variable length  可调节长度的杆 the pressure is variable  压力是可变的b (of a gear) designed to give varying speeds (指齿轮)变速的 2  apt to vary; not constant; unsteady 易变的；多变的；反复不定的  a variable mood  反复无常的情绪 variable fortunes  时好时坏的运气 3 Math. (of a quantity) indeterminate; able to assume different numerical values 【数】变量的 4 (of wind or currents) tending to change direction (指风、气流或水流)方向多变的，不定向的 5 Astron. (of a star) periodically varying in brightness 【天】(指星星)亮度定期变化的，变光的 6 Bot. & Zool. (of a species) including individuals or groups that depart from the type 【植】【动】(指物种)变异的 7 Biol. (of an organism or part of it) tending to change in structure or function 【生】(指有机体或其一部分)变异的；变型的；畸变的 ●n.  1  a variable thing or quantity 易变的事物；变量；可变性；可变因素 2 Math.  a variable quantity 【数】变量 3 Naut. 【海】  a  a shifting wind 不定风；多变风b (in pl. 用复数)  the region between the NE and SE trade winds (东北与东南信风带之间的)变风区 □ variability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ variableness  n.  □ variably  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin variabilis (as VARY)]

variance /ˈvɛəriəns/ n.  1  difference of opinion; dispute, disagreement; lack of harmony 意见不一；分歧；争论；不和；不睦  at variance among ourselves  我们之间有分歧 a theory at variance with all known facts  理论与已知事实不符，理论背离事实 2 Law  a discrepancy between statements or documents 【法律】诉状或文件前后的不一致 3 Statistics  a quantity equal to the square of the standard deviation 【统计学】方差 [Middle English via Old French from Latin variantia ‘difference’ (as VARY)]

variant /ˈvɛəriənt/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  differing in form or details from the main one 变种的；变异的  a variant spelling  变异拼法 2  having different forms 不同的，有差别的  forty variant types of pigeon  40 种不同的鸽子 3  variable or changing 变化的；易变的 ●n.  a variant form, spelling, type, reading, etc. 变体，变形，变种；(同一词的)异体，异形；异文 [Middle English from Old French (as VARY)]

variate /ˈvɛəriət/ n. Statistics 【统计学】  1  a quantity having a numerical value for each member of a group 变量，变数，变元 2  a variable quantity, esp. one whose values occur according to a frequency distribution 随机变量 [past part. of Latin variare (as VARY)]

variation /vɛəriˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of varying 变化；变更 2  departure from a former or normal condition, action, or amount, or from a standard or type 变动  prices are subject to variation  价格易变动 3  the extent of this 变化程度，变化量 4  a thing that varies from a type 变异；变种 5 Mus.  a repetition (usu. one of several) of a theme in a changed or elaborated form 【音】变奏(曲) 6 Astron.  a deviation of a celestial body from its mean orbit or motion 【天】变差；(指天体的)二均差 7 Math.  a change in a function etc. due to small changes in the values of constants etc. 【数】变分；变差 8 Ballet  a solo dance 【芭蕾舞】单人舞 □ variational  adj.   [Middle English from Old French variation or Latin variatio (as VARY)]

varicella /væriˈselə/ n. Med. 【医】  1  = CHICKENPOX  2 (in full 全称 varicella zoster)  a herpesvirus causing chickenpox and shingles 水痘 [modern Latin, irregular diminutive of VARIOLA]

varices pl.  of VARIX  

varicocele /ˈværikəsi:l/ n. Med.  a mass of varicose veins in the spermatic cord 【医】精索静脉曲张 [formed as VARIX + -CELE]

varicoloured /ˈvɛərikʌləd/ adj. (US [美] varicolored)  1  variegated in colour 杂色的，斑驳的，五彩斑斓的 2  of various or different colours 多种颜色的；不同颜色的；形形色色的 [Latin varius VARIOUS + COLOURED]

varicose /ˈværikəʊs, væriˈkəʊs/ adj. (esp. of the veins of the legs) affected by a condition causing them to become dilated and swollen (尤指腿部静脉)曲张的；引起静脉曲张的 □ varicosity  /-ˈkɒsiti/ n.   [Latin varicosus from VARIX]

varied /ˈvɛərid/ adj.  showing variety; diverse 各种各样的；各不相同的；形形色色的；多变化的 □ variedly  adv.  

variegate /ˈvɛəriɡeit, ˈvɛəriə-/ v. tr.  1  mark with irregular patches of different colours 使呈杂色，使色彩斑驳 2  diversify in appearance, esp. in colour (尤指色彩)使多样化；使不同 3 (as 用作 variegated adj.) Bot. (of plants) having leaves containing two or more colours 【植】(指植物的叶)斑驳的；杂色的 □ variegation  /-ˈɡeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin variegare variegat- from varius ‘various’]

varietal /vəˈraiət(ə)l/ adj.  1 esp. Bot. & Zool.  of, forming, or designating a variety (尤)【植】【动】品种的；变种的；异体的 2 (of wine) made from a single designated variety of grape (指葡萄酒)用特定品种葡萄酿造的 □ varietally  adv.  

varietist /vəˈraiətist/ n.  a person whose habits etc. differ from what is normal (指习惯等)与常人不同的人；有怪癖的人

variety /vəˈraiəti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  diversity; absence of uniformity; many-sidedness; the condition of being various 多样性；变化；多方面(性)；多变(性)  not enough variety in our lives  我们的生活不够丰富多彩 2  a quantity or collection of different things 种种，多种  for a variety of reasons  由于种种原因 3  a  a class of things different in some common qualities from the rest of a larger class to which they belong (同类中的)分类，种类b  a specimen or member of such a class 品种 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a different form of a thing, quality, etc. 异体；变形 5 Biol. 【生】  a  a subspecies 亚种b  a cultivar (栽培的)品种c  an individual or group usually fertile within the species to which it belongs but differing from the species type in some qualities capable of perpetuation 变种 6  a mixed sequence of dances, songs, comedy acts, etc. (指歌、舞、喜剧表演等的)联合演出，综艺节目 usu. 通常作 attrib.: a variety show  歌、舞、喜剧表演等的联合演出，综艺节目；杂耍表演 [French variété or Latin varietas (as VARIOUS)]

variety store n. N. Amer.  a shop selling many kinds of small items [北美]杂货铺

varifocal /vɛəriˈfəʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  having a focal length that can be varied, esp. of a lens that allows an infinite number of focusing distances for near, intermediate, and far vision 变焦距的 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  varifocal spectacles 变焦眼镜

variform /ˈvɛərifɔ:m/ adj.  having various forms 有多种形态的；形形色色的 [Latin varius + -FORM]

variola /vəˈraiələ/ n. Med.  smallpox 【医】天花，痘疮 □ variolar  adj.  □ varioloid  /ˈvɛəriəlɔid/ adj.  □ variolous  adj.   [medieval Latin, = pustule, pock (as VARIOUS)]

variole /ˈvɛəriəʊl/ n.  1  a shallow pit like a smallpox mark 麻子，痘痕，痘斑 2  a small spherical mass in variolite (玄武岩的)球颗 [medieval Latin variola: see VARIOLA]

variolite /ˈvɛəriəlait/ n.  a rock with embedded small spherical masses causing on its surface an appearance like smallpox pustules 球颗玄武岩 □ variolitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.   [as VARIOLE + -ITE1]

variometer /vɛəriˈɒmitə/ n.  1  a device for varying the inductance in an electric circuit 可变电感器，变感器 2  a device for indicating an aircraft's rate of change of altitude 爬升率测定器 [as VARIOUS -METER]

variorum /vɛəriˈɔ:rəm/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an edition of a text) having notes by various editors or commentators (指版本)有各家评注的；集注版的 2 (of an edition of an author's works) including variant readings (指作品版本)附有异文的 ●n.  a variorum edition 集注版；集注本；附有异文的版本 [Latin from editio cum notis variorum ‘edition with notes by various’ (commentators): genitive pl. of varius VARIOUS]

various /ˈvɛəriəs/ adj.  1  different, diverse 不同的；各种各样的  too various to form a group  差别太大，难以分成一组 2  more than one, several 不止一个的；许多的  for various reasons  由于种种原因 □ variously  adv.  □ variousness  n.   [Latin varius ‘changing, diverse’]■Usage 用法说明 Various (unlike several) cannot be used with of as (wrongly) in Various of our friends arrived late. Various (不同于 several) 不能和 of 连用，如 Various of our friends arrived late (错句)。 

varistor /vɛəˈristə, və-/ n.  a semiconductor diode with resistance dependent on the applied voltage 变阻器 [varying resistor]

varix /ˈvɛəriks/ n. (pl. varices /ˈværisi:z, vɛə-/)  1 Med. 【医】  a  a permanent abnormal dilation of a vein or artery (指静脉或动脉的)曲张b  a vein etc. dilated in this way 曲张的静脉等 2  each of the ridges across the whorls of a univalve shell (指贝壳)螺层隆起 [Middle English from Latin varix -icis]

varlet /ˈvɑ:lit/ n. archaic or joc. [古义] [诙]  1  a menial or rascal 仆人；下人；流氓，无赖，恶棍 2 hist.  a knight's attendant [史义] (指骑士的)侍从，侍童；仆人 □ varletry  n.   [Middle English from Old French, variant of vaslet: see VALET]

varmint /ˈvɑ:mint/ n. N. Amer. or dial.  a mischievous or discreditable person or animal [北美] [方]歹徒，流氓；顽童，淘气鬼；害鸟，害虫，害兽 [variant of varmin, VERMIN]

varna /ˈvɑ:nə/ n.  each of the four Hindu castes (指印度的)种姓，瓦尔纳(印度四个种姓等级中的任何一个) [Sanskrit, = colour, class]

varnish /ˈvɑ:niʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a resinous solution used to give a hard shiny transparent coating to wood, metal, paintings, etc. 清漆，罩光漆，凡立水 2  any other preparation for a similar purpose (有类似用途的)亮光剂、油等  nail varnish  指甲油 3  external appearance or display without an underlying reality 装饰；虚饰；外表 4  artificial or natural glossiness (指人工或天然的)光泽 5  a superficial polish of manner (指行为举止)虚饰 ●v. tr.  1  apply varnish to 给…涂清漆；使光亮；擦亮 2  gloss over (a fact) 粉饰；掩饰；文饰(事实) □ varnisher  n.   [Middle English via Old French vernis from medieval Latin veronix ‘fragrant resin, sandarac’ or medieval Greek berenikē, probably from Berenice, a town in Cyrenaica]

varsity /ˈvɑ:siti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1 Brit. colloq. (esp. with reference to sports) university [英口] (尤指体育运动方面的)大学 2 N. Amer.  a university etc. first team in a sport [北美] (大学等的体育)代表队；校(体育)队 [abbreviation]

varus /ˈvɛərəs/ n.  a deformity involving the inward displacement of the foot or hand from the midline (指脚或手的)内翻；内偏 [Latin, = bent, crooked]

varve /vɑ:v/ n.  annually deposited layers of clay and silt in a lake used to determine the chronology of glacial sediments 纹泥，季候泥；(纹泥或季候泥的)年层 □ varved  adj.   [Swedish varv ‘layer’]

vary /ˈvɛəri/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  make different; modify, diversify 使不同；更改；改变；修改；使多样化  seldom varies the routine  很少改变老一套程序 the style is not sufficiently varied  风格改变不大 2 intr.  a  undergo change; become or be different 变化；有不同；呈差异  the temperature varies from 30° to 70°  温度在 30 至 70 摄氏度之间变化b  be of different kinds 改变  his mood varies  他的情绪变了 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 as)  be in proportion to 和…成比例变化 □ varyingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French varier or Latin variare (as VARIOUS)]

vas /væs/ n. (pl. vasa /ˈveisə/) Anat.  a vessel or duct 【解】管，血管 □ vasal  /ˈveis(ə)l/ adj.   [Latin, = vessel]

vascular /ˈvæskjʊlə/ adj.  of, made up of, or containing vessels for conveying blood or sap etc. 血管的；维管的  vascular functions  血管功能 vascular tissue  血管组织 □ vascularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ vascularly  adv.   [modern Latin vascularis from Latin VASCULUM]

vascular bundle n. Bot.  a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, usu. with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside 【植】维管束

vascularize /ˈvæskjʊləraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) Med. & Anat. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  make vascular, develop (esp. blood) vessels in 【医】【解】(使)血管化 □ vascularization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

vascular plant n.  a plant with conducting tissue 维管植物

vasculum /ˈvæskjʊləm/ n. (pl. vascula /-lə/)  a botanist's (usu. metal) collecting-case with a lengthwise opening (标本植物)采集箱 [Latin, diminutive of VAS]

vas deferens /ˈdefərenz/ n. (pl. vasa deferentia /ˌdefəˈrenʃiə/) Anat.  the spermatic duct from the testicle to the urethra 【解】输精管 [as VAS + deferēns, pres. part. of Latin deferre ‘carry away’]

vase /vɑ:z/ n.  a vessel, usu. tall and often circular in cross-section, used as an ornament or container, esp. for flowers 花瓶；装饰瓶 □ vaseful  n. (pl. -fuls)   [French from Latin VAS]

vasectomy /vəˈsektəmi/ n. (pl. -ies)  the cutting and sealing of part of each vas deferens, esp. as a means of sterilization 输精管切除术 □ vasectomize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  

Vaseline /ˈvæsili:n/ n. & v. ●n. propr.  a type of petroleum jelly used as an ointment, lubricant, etc. [商标]凡士林；石油冻，矿脂(用作膏油、润滑剂等) ●v. tr. (作 vaseline)  treat with Vaseline 给…搽凡士林 [formed irregularly from German Wasser + Greek elaion ‘oil’]

vasiform /ˈveizifɔ:m/ adj.  1  duct-shaped 管形的 2  vase-shaped 瓶形的 [Latin vasi- (from VAS) + -FORM]

vaso- /ˈveizəʊ/ comb. form  a vessel, esp. a blood vessel (vasoconstrictive 血管收缩的) [构词成分]管，(尤指)血管 [Latin vas: see VAS]

vasoactive /veizəʊˈæktiv/ adj.  = VASOMOTOR 

vasoconstriction /ˌveizəʊkənˈstrikʃ(ə)n/ n.  the constriction of blood vessels 血管收缩 □ vasoconstrictive  adj.  □ vasoconstrictor  n.  

vasodilation /ˌveizəʊdaiˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 vasodilatation /-daileiˈteiʃ(ə)n/)  the dilatation of blood vessels 血管舒张 □ vasodilator  n.  □ vasodilatory  adj.  

vasomotor /ˈveizəʊməʊtə/ adj.  causing constriction or dilatation of blood vessels 造成血管收缩或舒张的

vasopressin /veizəʊˈpresin/ n.  a pituitary hormone acting to reduce diuresis and increase blood pressure Also called 亦称作 ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE 后叶加压素，抗利尿激素

vassal /ˈvæs(ə)l/ n.  1 hist.  a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance [史义] (指封建时代的)封臣；诸侯；臣属；属国，附庸国 2 literary  a humble dependant [文学用语]附庸；仆从 □ vassalage  n.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin vassallus ‘retainer’, of Celtic origin, the root vassus corresponding to Old Breton uuas, Welsh gwas, Irish foss: cf. VAVASOUR]

vast /vɑ:st/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  immense, huge; very great 巨大的；庞大的；高大的；大量的；广阔的；深远的  a vast expanse of water  浩瀚的汪洋 a vast crowd  一大群人，茫茫人海 2 colloq.  great, considerable [口]非常大的；莫大的；极多的  makes a vast difference  形成天渊之别 ●n. poet. or literary  a vast space [诗] [文学用语]广阔无垠的空间；茫茫  the vast of heaven  茫茫苍天 □ vastly  adv.  □ vastness  n.   [Latin vastus ‘void, immense’]

VAT /vi:eiˈti:, væt/ abbr. (in the UK) [缩略] (英) value added tax 

vat /væt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a large tank or other vessel, esp. for holding liquids or something in liquid in the process of brewing, tanning, dyeing, etc. (尤指酿酒、鞣革、染色等工序中用于盛液体或浸泡物品的)大桶；大盆；瓮，缸 2  a dyeing liquor in which a textile is soaked to take up a colourless soluble dye afterwards coloured by oxidation in air 瓮染料制剂 ●v. tr. (vatted, vatting)  place or treat in a vat 把…盛入(或浸入)大桶；在大桶中处理 [Middle English, southern & western variant of fat, Old English fœt, from Germanic]

vatic /ˈvætik/ adj. formal  prophetic or inspired [正式]先知(者)的；预言的；凭灵感的，得自灵感的 [Latin vates ‘prophet’]

Vatican /ˈvætik(ə)n/ n.  1  the palace and official residence of the Pope in Rome 梵蒂冈，梵蒂冈宫(罗马教皇的皇宫) 2  papal government 罗马教廷；教皇权力 □ Vaticanism  n.  梵蒂冈主义，教皇至上论□ Vaticanist  n.   [French Vatican or Latin Vaticanus, the name of a hill in Rome]

Vatican City n.  an independent Papal State in Rome, instituted in 1929 梵蒂冈(罗马教廷所在地，建于 1929 年)

Vatican Council n.  an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, esp. that held in 1869 － 70 or that held in 1962 － 5 梵蒂冈会议(尤指 1869 至 1870 年或 1962 至 1965 年罗马天主教在梵蒂冈召开的大公会议)

vaticinate /væˈtisineit/ v. tr. & intr. formal  prophesy [正式]预言；预告；预报 □ vaticinal  adj.  □ vaticination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vaticinator  n.   [Latin vaticinari from vates ‘prophet’]

VATman /ˈvætmæn/ n. (pl. -men) Brit. colloq.  a customs and excise officer who administers VAT [英口] (关税与国内货物税)增值税税务员(官)

vaudeville /ˈvɔ:dəvil, ˈvəʊd-/ n.  1 esp. US  variety entertainment [尤美]杂耍；综艺节目 2  a stage play on a trivial theme with interspersed songs 轻歌舞剧 3  a satirical or topical song with a refrain 流行讽刺歌曲 □ vaudevillian  /-ˈviliən/ adj. & n.   [French, originally of convivial song, esp. any of those composed by O. Basselin, 15th-c. poet born at Vau de Vire in Normandy]

Vaudois1 /ˈvəʊdwɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native of Vaud in W. Switzerland (瑞士西部的)沃州居民 2  the French dialect spoken in Vaud (指法语中的)沃州方言 ●adj.  of or relating to Vaud or its dialect 沃州地方居民的；沃州方言的 [French]

Vaudois2 /ˈvəʊdwɑ:/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a member of the Waldenses 韦尔多教派成员 ●adj.  of or relating to the Waldenses 韦尔多教派的 [French, representing medieval Latin Valdensis: see WALDENSES]

vault /vɔ:lt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an arched roof 拱顶b  a continuous arch 拱券c  a set or series of arches whose joints radiate from a central point or line 穹隆 2  a vaultlike covering 穹状覆盖物  the vault of heaven  天穹 3  an enclosed space, esp. an underground chamber 密闭的空间，(尤指)地下室；地窖a  as a place of storage 储藏室  bank vaults  银行金库，银行保险库b  as a place of interment beneath a church or in a cemetery etc. (指教堂或公墓等的)墓穴  family vault  家庭墓地的墓穴 4  an act of vaulting 撑竿跳 5 Anat.  the arched roof of a cavity 【解】穹窿，腔 ●v.  1 intr.  leap or spring, esp. while resting on one or both hands or with the help of a pole (尤指用单手或双手支撑)跳跃，腾跃；撑竿跳 2 tr.  spring over (a gate etc.) in this way (用手或竿支撑)跳过，腾越(门等) 3 tr. (esp. as 尤作 vaulted)  a  make in the form of a vault 使成穹状b  provide with a vault or vaults 给…盖以拱顶 □ vaulter  n.   [Old French voute, vaute, ultimately from Latin volvere ‘to roll’]

vaulting /ˈvɔ:ltiŋ/ n.  1  arched work in a vaulted roof or ceiling 拱顶建筑；拱形结构 2  a gymnastic or athletic exercise in which participants vault over obstacles 撑竿跳

vaulting horse n.  a padded wooden block to be vaulted over by gymnasts 鞍马(体操运动器械)

vaunt /vɔ:nt/ v. & n. literary [文学用语] ●v.  1 intr.  boast, brag 吹嘘；自夸 2 tr.  boast of; extol boastfully 吹牛，自吹，夸耀 ●n.  a boast 自吹自擂；大话，吹牛 □ vaunter  n.  □ vauntingly  adv.   [Middle English via Anglo-French vaunter, Old French vanter from Late Latin vantare, from Latin vanus VAIN: partly obsolete verb avaunt from avanter, from intensive a- + vanter]

vavasory /ˈvævəs(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) hist.  the estate of a vavasour [史义]封臣领地 [Old French vavasorie or medieval Latin vavasoria (as VAVASOUR)]

vavasour /ˈvævəsʊə/ n. hist.  a vassal owing allegiance to a great lord and having other vassals under him [史义]封臣(效忠大封建主，有自己的家臣) [Middle English via Old French vavas(s)our from medieval Latin vavassor, perhaps from vassus vassorum ‘VASSAL of vassals’]

VC abbr. [缩略]  1  Victoria Cross  2  Vice-Chairman 副主席 3  Vice-Chancellor  4  Vice-Consul 副领事

VCR abbr. [缩略]  video cassette recorder 

VD abbr. [缩略]  venereal disease 

VDU abbr. [缩略]  visual display unit 

've abbr. [缩略] colloq. [口] (usu. after pronouns 通常位于代词之后) have (I've; they've)  

VE abbr.  Victory in Europe (in 1945) [缩略]欧洲胜利 (1945 年)

veal /vi:l/ n.  calf's flesh as food 小牛肉，牛犊肉 □ vealy  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French -ve(e)l, Old French veiaus veel from Latin vitellus, diminutive of vitulus ‘calf’]

vector /ˈvektə/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Math. & Physics  a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, esp. as determining the position of one point in space relative to another 【数】【物理学】矢量，向量  radius vector  向量径 2  an organism, often an insect, that carries a disease or a parasite from one animal or plant to another 传病媒介；昆虫媒介者 3  a course to be taken by an aircraft 航线 ●v. tr.  direct (an aircraft in flight) to a desired point 引航；导航 □ vectorial  /-ˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  □ vectorize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise) (in sense 1 of n. 用于名词释义 1)  □ vectorization  /-təraiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin, = carrier, from vehere vect- ‘convey’]

Veda /ˈveidə, ˈvi:də/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the most ancient Hindu scriptures, esp. four collections called the Rig-Veda, Sɑˉma-Veda, Yajur-Veda, and Atharva-Veda 吠陀(印度最古老的宗教经典，尤指四卷吠陀本集)；吠陀本集 [Sanskrit veda, literally ‘(sacred) knowledge’]

Vedanta /viˈdɑ:ntə, -ˈdæ-, ve-/ n.  1  the Upanishads 《奥义书》(印度教古代吠陀主义的思辩作品，为后世各派印度哲学所依据) 2  the Hindu philosophy based on these, esp. in its monistic form 吠檀多(基于此发展而成的印度哲学，尤指其中的一元论) □ Vedantic  adj.  □ Vedantist  n.   [Sanskrit vedɑˉnta (as VEDA, anta ‘end’)]

VE day n. 8 May, the day marking Victory in Europe in 1945 (指第二次世界大战的)欧洲胜利日 (1945 年 5 月 8 日)

Vedda /ˈvedə/ n.  a member of an aboriginal Sri Lankan people 维达人(斯里兰卡的土著居民) [Sinhalese veddɑˉ ‘hunter’]

vedette /viˈdet/ n.  a mounted sentry positioned beyond an army's outposts to observe the movements of the enemy 骑哨 [French, = scout, from Italian vedetta, veletta via Spanish vela(r) ‘watch’ from Latin vigilare]

Vedic /ˈveidik, ˈvi:-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to the Veda or Vedas 吠陀的；吠陀梵文的 ●n.  the language of the Vedas, an older form of Sanskrit 吠陀梵语(一种早期的梵文) [French védique or German vedisch (as VEDA)]

vee /vi:/ n.  1  the letter V (英语字母)V 2  a thing shaped like a V V 形物 [name of the letter]

veep /vi:p/ n. esp. US colloq.  a vice-president [尤美口]副总统；副主席；副校长；副总裁；副会长；副董事长 [from the initials VP]

veer1 /viə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  change direction, esp. (of the wind) clockwise (cf. 参见 BACK v. 5) 改变方向，转向；(尤指风向)顺(时针)转 2  change in course, opinion, conduct, emotions, etc. 改变(路线、观点、行为、情绪等) 3 Naut. 【海】  = WEAR2  ●n.  a change of course or direction 改变路线；转变方向 [French virer from Romanic, perhaps an alteration of Latin gyrare GYRATE]

veer2 /viə/ v. tr. Naut.  slacken or let out (a rope, cable, etc.) 【海】放松(缆绳等) [Middle English from Middle Dutch vieren]

veery /ˈviəri/ n.  a N. American woodland thrush, Catharus fuscescens (北美)威尔逊鸫 [perhaps imitative]

veg /vedʒ/ n. (pl. same 单复同) Brit. colloq.  a vegetable or vegetables [英口]蔬菜 [abbreviation]

vegan /ˈvi:ɡ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who does not eat or use animal products 严格的素食主义者(既不吃也不用动物产品) ●adj.  using or containing no animal products 严格的素食主义(者)的 [VEGETARIAN + -AN]

Vegeburger propr. var.  of VEGGIE BURGER [商标] VEGGIE BURGER 的变体

vegetable /ˈvedʒitəb(ə)l, ˈvedʒtə-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Bot.  any of various plants, esp. a herbaceous plant used wholly or partly for food, e.g. a cabbage, potato, turnip, or bean 【植】蔬菜 2 colloq. [口]  a offens.  a person who is incapable of normal intellectual activity, esp. through brain injury etc. [冒犯]植物人(尤指由于脑部受损等而丧失正常思维能力的人)b derog.  a person lacking in animation or living a monotonous life [贬]生活呆板或单调的人 ●adj.  1  of, derived from, relating to, or comprising plants or plant life, esp. as distinct from animal life or mineral substances 植物的；由植物而来的；由植物构成的(尤区别于动物或矿物质) 2  of or relating to vegetables as food 蔬菜的 3  a  unresponsive to stimulus 反应迟钝的；笨拙的  vegetable behaviour  笨拙的举止b  uneventful, monotonous 单调的，呆板懒散的  a vegetable existence  呆板单调的生活 [originally = living and growing as a plant: Middle English from Old French vegetable or Late Latin vegetabilis ‘animating’ (as VEGETATE)]

vegetable butter n.  a vegetable fat with the consistency of butter (指食用)植物脂

vegetable ivory n.  a hard white material obtained from the endosperm of the ivory-nut 植物象牙(从象牙椰子的硬胚乳中提取的一种较硬的白色材料)

vegetable marrow  see 见 MARROW 1 

vegetable oil n.  an oil derived from plants, e.g. rapeseed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil 植物油(如菜籽油、橄榄油、葵花子油等)

vegetable oyster n.  = SALSIFY 

vegetable parchment  see 见 PARCHMENT 2 

vegetable spaghetti n. Brit. [英]  1  a variety of marrow with flesh resembling spaghetti (一种肉似意大利面条的)西葫芦 2  its flesh 此种西葫芦的肉

vegetable sponge n.  = LOOFAH 

vegetable tallow n.  a vegetable fat used as tallow 植物脂(用于制作肥皂、蜡烛、润滑剂等)

vegetable wax n.  an exudation of certain plants such as sumac 植物蜡(如漆树等某些植物的分泌物)

vegetal /ˈvedʒit(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or having the nature of plants 植物的；植物性的  vegetal growth  植物生长 2  vegetative 有关植物生长和营养机能的 [medieval Latin vegetalis from Latin vegetare ‘animate’]

vegetarian /vedʒiˈtɛəriən/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person who abstains from animal food, esp. meat, though often not from eggs and dairy products 素食者；素食主义者(不吃肉，但通常吃蛋或奶制品) ●adj.  excluding animal food, esp. meat 吃素的；素食者的；主张素食的  a vegetarian diet  素食食谱 □ vegetarianism  n.   [formed irregularly from VEGETABLE + -ARIAN]

vegetate /ˈvedʒiteit/ v. intr.  1  live an uneventful or monotonous life 过呆板单调的生活 2  grow as plants do; fulfil vegetal functions 如植物那样生长；(植物)生长 [Latin vegetare ‘animate’, via vegetus from vegēre ‘be active’]

vegetation /vedʒiˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  plants collectively; plant life 植物(总称)；草木；植被  luxuriant vegetation  茂盛的植被 no sign of vegetation  没有植被覆盖 2  the process of vegetating 植物的生长；单调呆板的生活方式 □ vegetational  adj.   [medieval Latin vegetatio ‘growth’ (as VEGETATE)]

vegetative /ˈvedʒitətiv, -teitiv/ adj.  1  concerned with growth and development as distinct from sexual reproduction (指区别于有性繁殖的)营养体生殖的，无性生殖的 2  of or relating to vegetation or plant life 植物的；植物界的；植物性的 3 Med.  alive but without apparent brain activity or responsiveness 【医】植物人状态的 □ vegetatively  adv.  □ vegetativeness  n.   [Middle English from Old French vegetatif -ive or medieval Latin vegetativus (as VEGETATE)]

veggie /ˈvedʒi/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 vegie) colloq. [口]  1 (a) vegetarian 素食者(的) 2 esp. N. Amer. (a) vegetable [尤北美]蔬菜(的) [abbreviation]

veggie burger n. (also 亦作 Vegeburger propr. [商标])  a savoury cake resembling a hamburger but made with vegetable protein, soya, etc., instead of meat 素汉堡包

vehement /ˈvi:im(ə)nt/ adj.  showing or caused by strong feeling; forceful, ardent 有激情的；热情的；热烈的  a vehement protest  强烈的抗议 vehement desire  强烈的愿望 □ vehemence  n.  □ vehemently  adv.   [Middle English from French véhément or Latin vehemens -entis, perhaps from vemens (unrecorded) ‘deprived of mind’, associated with vehere ‘carry’]

vehicle /ˈvi:ik(ə)l/ n.  1  any conveyance for transporting people, goods, etc., esp. on land (尤指陆上)交通工具；车辆；机动车 2  a medium for thought, feeling, or action (用来表达思想、感情或行使行为的)媒介；工具，手段  the stage is the best vehicle for their talents  舞台是他们展示才能最好的媒介 3  a liquid etc. as a medium for suspending pigments, drugs, etc. 展色剂，调漆料；赋形剂 4  the literal meaning of a word or words used metaphorically (opp. 反义 TENOR 6) 比喻中用来比喻的东西；喻体 □ vehicular  /viˈhikjʊlə/ adj.   [French véhicule or Latin vehiculum from vehere ‘carry’]

veil /veil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of usu. more or less transparent fabric attached to a woman's hat etc., esp. to conceal the face or protect against the sun, dust, etc. (尤指用于遮面或挡太阳、灰尘等的)面纱；面罩 2  a piece of linen etc. as part of a nun's headdress, resting on the head and shoulders (修女的)头巾 3  a curtain, esp. that separating the sanctuary in the Jewish Temple 幔；幕；(尤指犹太教堂中用来隔开避难所的)窗帘，窗布 4  a disguise; a pretext; a thing that conceals 遮盖物；借口；托词；掩饰物  under the veil of friendship  在友谊的幌子下 a veil of mist  雾幕 5 Photog.  slight fogging 【摄】轻度灰雾，浅灰雾 6  huskiness of the voice (指声音的)沙哑 7  = VELUM  ●v. tr.  1  cover with a veil 以面纱遮掩；用幕或幔等分隔 2 (esp. as 尤作 veiled adj.)  partly conceal 隐藏；掩饰；不明言  veiled threats  隐含的威胁 □ beyond the veil   in the unknown state of life after death 在死后的无知境界□ draw a veil over   avoid discussing or calling attention to 避而不谈；隐瞒；避免引起对…的注意□ take the veil   become a nun 成为修女□ veilless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French veil(e), Old French voil(e) from Latin vela, pl. of VELUM]

veiling /ˈveiliŋ/ n.  light fabric used for veils etc. 用作面纱的薄纱；帷幔料子

vein /vein/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying usu. oxygen-depleted blood to the heart (cf. 参见 ARTERY 1) 静脉b (in general use) any blood vessel (一般用法)血管  has royal blood in his veins  有王族血统 2  a nervure of an insect's wing (指昆虫的)翅脉 3  a slender bundle of tissue forming a rib in the framework of a leaf 叶脉 4  a streak or stripe of a different colour in wood, marble, cheese, etc. (指木材、大理石、干酪等的)纹理；纹路；条纹 5  a fissure in rock filled with ore or other deposited material 矿脉，矿床 6  a source of a particular characteristic (某一性格特征的)来源  a rich vein of humour  很有幽默感 7  a distinctive character or tendency; a cast of mind or disposition; a mood 性情；气质；风格；特色；心境；情绪  spoke in a sarcastic vein  用讽刺的腔调说话 ●v. tr.  fill or cover with or as with veins 使有脉络(或纹理)；使成脉络状；如脉络状分布 □ veinless  n.  □ veinlet  n.  □ veinlike  adj.  □ veiny  adj. (veinier, veiniest)   [Middle English via Old French veine from Latin vena]

veining /ˈveiniŋ/ n.  a pattern of streaks or veins 静脉(或叶脉、纹理)的排列

veinstone /ˈveinstəʊn/ n.  = GANGUE 

vela pl.  of VELUM  

velamen /viˈleimən/ n. (pl. velamina /-minə/)  an enveloping membrane, esp. of an aerial root of an orchid 膜；帆，(尤指)兰花的根被 [Latin, from velare ‘to cover’]

velar /ˈvi:lə/ adj.  1  of a veil or velum 膜的；缘膜的；腭帆的 2 Phonet. (of a sound) pronounced with the back of the tongue near the soft palate 【语音】软腭音的 [Latin velaris from velum: see VELUM]

Velcro /ˈvelkrəʊ/ n. propr.  a fastener for clothes etc. consisting of two strips of nylon fabric, one looped and one burred, which adhere when pressed together [商标]维可牢(用于衣物等的一种尼龙刺粘搭裢，一面是线圈，一面是刺，两面相合即粘住)；尼龙搭扣 □ Velcroed  adj.   [French velours croché ‘hooked velvet’]

veld /velt/ n. (also 亦作 veldt) S. Afr.  open country; grassland [南非]旷野；草原 [Afrikaans from Dutch, = FIELD]

veldskoen /ˈfeltskʊn, ˈfels-/ n.  a strong suede or leather shoe or boot 绒面或光面的皮鞋或靴 [Afrikaans, = field-shoe]

veleta /vəˈli:tə/ n. (also 亦作 valeta)  a ballroom dance in triple time 维莱特舞(一种三步交谊舞) [Spanish, = weathervane]

veliger /ˈvi:lidʒə/ n. Zool.  the free-swimming larva of a mollusc, with a ciliated velum 【动】(指软体动物有纤毛的)面盘幼体，缘膜幼体 [VELUM + Latin -ger ‘bearing’]

velitation /veliˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n. archaic  a slight skirmish or controversy [古义]小规模战斗；冲突；争执 [Latin velitatio, via velitari ‘to skirmish’ from veles velitis ‘light-armed skirmisher’]

velleity /veˈli:iti/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  a low degree of volition not conducive to action (不会付诸行动的)单纯愿望 2  a slight wish or inclination 微小的心愿或意向 [medieval Latin velleitas from Latin velle ‘to wish’]

vellum /ˈveləm/ n.  1  a  fine parchment originally from the skin of a calf 精制犊皮纸；上等牛皮纸b  a manuscript written on this (指书写在精制犊皮纸上的)手稿 2  smooth writing paper imitating vellum 仿犊皮纸；仿牛皮纸 [Middle English from Old French velin (as VEAL)]

velocimeter /veləˈsimitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring velocity 速度计，速度表

velocipede /viˈlɒsipi:d/ n.  1 hist.  an early form of bicycle propelled by pressure from the rider's feet on the ground [史义]脚蹬车(一种早期的自行车，用两脚踩地朝前蹬) 2 US  a child's tricycle [美]儿童三轮脚踏车 □ velocipedist  n.   [French vélocipède, from Latin velox-ocis ‘swift’ + pes pedis ‘foot’]

velociraptor /viˌlɒsiˈræptə/ n.  a small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the genus Velociraptor, of the Cretaceous period, with an enlarged curved claw on each hind foot 速龙，迅猛龙(白垩纪一种体型较小的两足食肉恐龙，两后足各有一肥大弯曲的爪子) [modern Latin, from Latin velox -ocis ‘swift’ + RAPTOR]

velocity /viˈlɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the measure of the rate of movement of a usu. inanimate object in a given direction (通常指无生命之物沿某一方向运动的)速率 2  speed in a given direction 速度 3 (in general use) speed (一般用法)速度；快速，迅速 [French vélocité or Latin velocitas from velox -ocis ‘swift’]

velocity of escape n.  = ESCAPE VELOCITY 

velodrome /ˈvelədrəʊm/ n.  a special place or building with a track for cycle racing (自行车或摩托车的)赛车场 [French vélodrome from vélo bicycle (as VELOCITY, -DROME)]

velour /vəˈlʊə/ n. (also 亦作 velours)  1  a plush woven fabric or felt resembling velvet 丝绒；拉绒织物；维罗呢；毡 2 archaic  a hat of this felt [古义]丝绒帽 [French velours ‘velvet’ via Old French velour, velous from Latin villosus ‘hairy’, from villus: see VELVET]

velouté /vəˈlu:tei/ n.  a sauce made from a roux of butter and flour with white stock 白汁，白汁沙司(在原色高汤中加入黄油和面粉调成的调味汁) [French, = velvety]

velum /ˈvi:ləm/ n. (pl. vela /-lə/)  a membrane, membranous covering, or flap 膜；膜状的覆盖物或薄片 [Latin, = sail, curtain, covering, veil]

velutinous /veˈl(j)u:tinəs/ adj.  covered with soft fine hairs 有短绒毛的；天鹅绒状的 [perhaps from Italian vellutino, from velluto VELVET]

velvet /ˈvelvit/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a closely woven fabric of silk, cotton, etc., with a thick short pile on one side 丝绒；棉绒；天鹅绒；平绒 2  the furry skin on a deer's growing antler 鹿角嫩皮，鹿茸 3  anything smooth and soft like velvet 丝绒(或天鹅绒)般(光滑柔软)的东西 ●adj.  of, like, or soft as velvet 丝绒的，天鹅绒的；天鹅绒似的；丝绒般光滑的 □ on velvet   in an advantageous or prosperous position 处于有利的地位□ velveted  adj.  以丝绒或天鹅绒覆盖的□ velvety  adj.   [Middle English via Old French veluotte from velu ‘velvety’, via medieval Latin villutus from Latin villus ‘tuft, down’]

velvet ant n.  a parasitic wasp of the family Mutillidae with a velvety body, the females being wingless 蚁蜂

velveteen /velviˈti:n/ n.  1  a cotton fabric with a pile like velvet 棉绒，纬绒，平绒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  trousers etc. made of this 棉绒裤子(等)

velvet glove n.  outward gentleness, esp. cloaking firmness or strength (cf. 参见 IRON HAND) (用以掩盖内心的坚定或强硬的)表面上温柔谦和的态度；外柔(内刚)

Ven. abbr. [缩略]  Venerable (as the title of an archdeacon) 

vena cava /vi:nə ˈkeivə/ n. (pl. venae cavae /-ni: -vi:/)  each of usu. two veins carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart 大静脉，腔静脉 [Latin, = hollow vein]

venal /ˈvi:n(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a person) able to be bribed or corrupted (指人)可以贿赂的；可以被贿买的 2 (of conduct etc.) characteristic of a venal person (指行为等)贪赃的；贪污的；腐败的 □ venality  /-ˈnæliti/ n.  □ venally  adv.   [Latin venalis from venum ‘thing for sale’]■Usage 用法说明 Venal is sometimes confused with venial, which means ‘pardonable’. 人们时常混淆 venal 和 venial 这两个单词。 venial 意为“可宽恕的”、“可原谅的”。 

venation /viˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the arrangement of veins in a leaf or an insect's wing etc., or the system of venous blood vessels in an organism 脉序，脉相(指植物叶脉或昆虫翅脉的排列，或有机体的静脉血管系统) □ venational  adj.   [Latin vena ‘vein’]

vend /vend/ v. tr.  1  offer (small wares) for sale 出售(小商品)；叫卖 2 Law  sell 【法律】销售，卖 □ vendible  adj.   [French vendre or Latin vendere ‘sell’ (as VENAL, dare ‘give’)]

vendace /ˈvendis/ n.  a small delicate fish, Coregonus albula, found in some British lakes 英白鲑，白鲑鱼(产于英格兰的湖中) [Old French vendese, -oise, from Gaulish]

vendee /venˈdi:/ n. Law  the buying party in a sale, esp. of property 【法律】买方，买主(尤指购买不动产者)

vendetta /venˈdetə/ n.  1  a  a blood feud in which the family of a murdered person seeks vengeance on the murderer or the murderer's family 家族血仇，族间仇杀b  this practice as prevalent in Corsica and Sicily (盛行于科西嘉岛和西西里岛的)族间仇杀 2  a prolonged bitter quarrel 世仇；宿怨；长期争执(或不和) [Italian from Latin vindicta: see VINDICTIVE]

vendeuse /vɒnˈdɜ:z, 法 vɑ˜døz/ n.  a saleswoman, esp. in a fashionable dress shop (尤指时装店的)女售货员，女店员 [French]

vending machine n.  a machine that dispenses small articles for sale when a coin or token is inserted 投币式自动售货机

vendor /ˈvendə/ n.  1 /also 亦作 -dɔ:/ Law  the seller in a sale, esp. of property 【法律】卖方，卖主(尤指出卖不动产者) 2  = VENDING MACHINE  [Anglo-French vendour (as VEND)]

vendue /venˈdju:/ n. US  a public auction [美]公开出售，拍卖 [Dutch vendu(e) from French vendue ‘sale’, from vendre VEND]

veneer /viˈniə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a thin covering of fine wood or other surface material applied to a coarser wood 饰面薄板；镶板(指粘在粗糙木料上的精致的薄木板或其他材料)b  a layer in plywood (指胶合板中的)一层，薄木片 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a deceptive outward appearance of a good quality etc. 虚假骗人的外表；虚饰 ●v. tr.  1  apply a veneer to (wood, furniture, etc.) (指给木材、家具等)镶饰；饰面 2  disguise (an unattractive character etc.) with a more attractive manner etc. 掩盖(讨人厌的特点等)，虚饰，伪装 [earlier fineer: German furni(e)ren from Old French fournir FURNISH]

veneering /viˈniəriŋ/ n.  material used as veneer 饰面材料

venepuncture /ˈveniˌpʌŋ(k)tʃə, ˈvi:ni-/ n. (also, esp. N. Amer. [亦尤北美] venipuncture) Med.  the puncture of a vein esp. with a hypodermic needle to withdraw blood or for an intravenous injection 【医】静脉穿刺(术) [Latin vena ‘vein’ + PUNCTURE]

venerable /ˈven(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  entitled to veneration on account of character, age, associations, etc. (指因德行、高龄等)值得敬重的；令人崇敬的；(指因历史、宗教等)神圣庄严的；令人肃然起敬的  a venerable priest  德高望重的教士 venerable relics  令人肃然的遗迹 2  as the title of an archdeacon in the Anglican Church 尊敬的(对英国国教中副主教的尊称) 3 RC Ch.  as the title of a deceased person who has attained a certain degree of sanctity but has not been fully beatified or canonized 【天主教】尊敬的(对获得一些神恩但尚未赐福或列入圣徒之列的死者的尊称) □ venerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ venerableness  n.  □ venerably  adv.   [Middle English from Old French venerable or Latin venerabilis (as VENERATE)]

venerate /ˈvenəreit/ v. tr.  1  regard with deep respect 尊重，尊敬，敬重 2  revere on account of sanctity etc. (因神圣等而)崇敬；敬奉 □ veneration  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ venerator  n.   [Latin venerari ‘adore, revere’]

venereal /viˈniəriəl/ adj.  1  of or relating to sexual desire or intercourse 性欲的；性交的 2  relating to venereal disease 性病的 □ venereally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin venereus, from venus veneris ‘sexual love’]

venereal disease n.  any of various diseases contracted chiefly by sexual intercourse with a person already infected; a sexually transmitted disease 性病，花柳病

venereology /viˌniəriˈɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of venereal diseases 性病学 □ venereological  /-əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ venereologist  n.  

venery1 /ˈven(ə)ri/ n. archaic  sexual indulgence [古义]追求肉欲，纵欲 [medieval Latin veneria (as VENEREAL)]

venery2 /ˈven(ə)ri/ n. archaic  hunting [古义]打猎，狩猎 [Middle English from Old French venerie, from vener ‘to hunt’, ultimately from Latin venari]

venesection /veniˈsekʃ(ə)n, ˈveni-/ n. Med.  phlebotomy 【医】静脉切开术，放血术 [medieval Latin venae sectio ‘cutting of a vein’ (as VEIN, SECTION)]

Venetian /viˈni:ʃ(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a native or citizen of Venice in NE Italy 威尼斯人(指意大利东北部威尼斯市市民) 2  the Italian dialect of Venice 威尼斯方言 3 (作 venetian)  = VENETIAN BLIND  ●adj.  of or relating to Venice 威尼斯的；威尼斯人的；威尼斯式的 □ venetianed  adj. (in sense 3 of n. 用于名词释义 3)  装软百叶窗的 [Middle English from Old French Venicien, assimilated to medieval Latin Venetianus from Venetia ‘Venice’]

venetian blind n.  a window blind of adjustable horizontal slats to control the amount of light excluded 软百叶窗

Venetian glass n.  delicate glassware made at Murano near Venice (指产于威尼斯穆拉诺岛的)精致玻璃器皿

Venetian red n. & adj. ●n.  1  a reddish pigment of ferric oxides 威尼斯红(一种颜料) 2  a strong reddish-brown colour 威尼斯红色，红褐色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 威尼斯红色的，红褐色的

Venetian window n.  a window with three separate openings, the central one being arched and highest 威尼斯式窗(有三扇独立的窗户，中间一扇最高，有拱顶)

Venezuela   委内瑞拉

Venezuelan /ˌveneˈzweilən/ adj. & n.  委内瑞拉的(人)

vengeance /ˈven(d)ʒ(ə)ns/ n.  punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for wrong to oneself or to a person etc. whose cause one supports 报复；报仇；复仇 □ with a vengeance   in a higher degree than was expected or desired; in the fullest sense (比预想的或想要的)更甚地，程度更强地；十足地  punctuality with a vengeance  极其准时 [Middle English from Old French, from venger ‘avenge’, from Latin (as VINDICATE)]■Usage 用法说明 Vengeance incorporates the idea of justifiable retribution, as opposed to revenge which often implies that the main aim of the retribution is the satisfaction of the injured party's resentment. vengeance 有“正当惩罚”的含义，而 revenge 常常隐含“受害人报仇的目的在于发泄怨恨”的含义。 

vengeful /ˈven(d)ʒfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  vindictive; seeking vengeance 报复性的；报仇的，复仇的；图谋报复的 □ vengefully  adv.  □ vengefulness  n.   [obsolete venge ‘avenge’ (as VENGEANCE)]

venial /ˈvi:niəl/ adj. (of a sin or fault) pardonable, excusable; not mortal (指罪孽或过失等)可原谅的；可饶恕的；不重大的 □ veniality  /-ˈæliti/ n.  □ venially  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Late Latin venialis, from venia ‘forgiveness’]■Usage 用法说明 Venial is sometimes confused with venal, which means ‘corrupt’. 人们时常混淆 venial 和 venal 这两个单词。 venal 意为“贪污的”、“腐败的”。 

Venice /ˈvenis/ n.  威尼斯 [意大利港市]

venipuncture var.  of VENEPUNCTURE  VENEPUNCTURE 的变体

venison /ˈvenis(ə)n, ˈveniz(ə)n/ n.  a deer's flesh as food (供食用的)鹿肉 [Middle English via Old French veneso(u)n from Latin venatio -onis ‘hunting’, from venari ‘to hunt’]

Venite /viˈnaiti/ n.  1  a canticle consisting of Psalm 95 赞美诗篇，晨祷诗篇(包括赞美诗第 95 篇) 2  a musical setting of this 赞美诗乐曲，晨祷诗乐曲 [Middle English from Latin, = ‘come ye’, its first word]

Venn diagram /ven/ n.  a diagram of usu. circular areas representing mathematical sets, the areas intersecting where they have elements in common (指用圆表示集与集之间关系的)维恩图 [named after J. Venn, English logician d. 1923]

venom /ˈvenəm/ n.  1  a poisonous fluid secreted by snakes, scorpions, etc., usu. transmitted by a bite or sting (指蛇、蝎子等动物通过叮、咬分泌的)毒液 2  malignity; virulence of feeling, language, or conduct 恶毒；恶意；恶毒的言语(或行为) □ venomed  adj.   [Middle English from Old French venim, variant of venin, ultimately from Latin venenum ‘poison’]

venomous /ˈvenəməs/ adj.  1  a  containing, secreting, or injecting venom 有毒腺的；分泌毒液的；有毒的b (of a snake etc.) inflicting poisonous wounds by this means (蛇等)叮咬致使中毒的 2 (of a person etc.) virulent, spiteful, malignant (指人等)恶毒的；恶意的；痛恨的；怨恨的 □ venomously  adv.  □ venomousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French venimeux, from venim: see VENOM]

venose /ˈvi:nəʊs/ adj.  having many or very marked veins 有脉的，具叶脉的；多叶脉的 [Latin venosus from vena ‘vein’]

venous /ˈvi:nəs/ adj.  of, full of, or contained in veins 静脉的；多脉的；静脉中的 □ venosity  /viˈnɒsiti/ n.  □ venously  adv.   [Latin venosus VENOSE, or Latin vena ‘vein’ + -OUS]

vent1 /vent/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (also 亦作 vent-hole)  a hole or opening allowing motion of air etc. out of or into a confined space (气体等进出的)孔，口 2  an outlet; free passage or play 出口，出路；通道；发泄  gave vent to their indignation  泄怒，出气 3  the anus esp. of a lower animal, serving for both excretion and reproduction (尤指低等脊椎动物的)肛门 4  the venting of an otter, beaver, etc. (指水獭、海狸等的)水面呼吸 5  an aperture or outlet through which volcanic products are discharged at the earth's surface 火山口 6  a touch-hole of a gun (指枪的)火门 7  a finger-hole in a musical instrument (指乐器上的)指孔 8  a flue of a chimney 烟囱口；烟道 ●v.  1 tr.  a  make a vent in (a cask etc.) 排放；使泄漏b  provide (a machine) with a vent 在…上打通风孔；给…开排放口 2 tr.  give vent or free expression to 尽情表达、发泄(情感)等  vented my anger on the cat  在猫身上出气 3 intr. (of an otter, beaver, etc.) come to the surface for breath (指水獭、海狸等)浮上水面呼吸 □ vent one's spleen on   scold or ill-treat without cause 无理责罚，迁怒于□ ventless  adj.   [partly French vent from Latin ventus ‘wind’, partly French évent from éventer ‘expose to air’ (from Old French esventer), ultimately from Latin ventus ‘wind’]

vent2 /vent/ n.  a slit in a garment, esp. in the lower edge of the back of a coat (指大衣或上衣背部下端的)开口，开衩 [Middle English, variant of fent from Old French fente ‘slit’, ultimately from Latin findere ‘cleave’]

ventiduct /ˈventidʌkt/ n. Archit.  an air passage, esp. for ventilation 【建】通风管，通风道 [Latin ventus ‘wind’ + ductus DUCT]

ventifact /ˈventifækt/ n.  a stone shaped by wind-blown sand 风棱石，风磨石 [Latin ventus ‘wind’ + factum, neut. past part. of facere ‘make’]

ventil /ˈventil/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a valve in a wind instrument (指管乐器上的)活瓣 2  a shutter for regulating the airflow in an organ (指管风琴上的)活栓 [German via Italian ventile and medieval Latin ventile ‘sluice’ from Latin ventus ‘wind’]

ventilate /ˈventileit/ v. tr.  1  cause air to circulate freely in (a room etc.) 使通风；使空气流通 2  submit (a question, grievance, etc.) to public consideration and discussion 把(问题、不满等)公开；公开讨论 3 Med. 【医】  a  oxygenate (the blood) 使(血液)吸收氧气b  admit or force air into (the lungs) 给(肺)供氧 □ ventilation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ ventilative  /-leitiv/ adj.   [Latin ventilare ventilat- ‘blow, winnow’, from ventus ‘wind’]

ventilator /ˈventileitə/ n.  1  an appliance or aperture for ventilating a room etc. (房间等的)通风设备；通风口 2 Med. 【医】  = RESPIRATOR 2 

Ventolin /ˈventəlin/ n. propr.  a preparation of salbutamol [商标]舒喘灵，舒喘宁，柳丁氨醇 [perhaps from VENTILATE + -OL1 + -IN]

ventouse /ˈventu:s/ n.  a vacuum extractor for use in childbirth 真空助产吸引器 [French, ultimately from Latin ventus ‘wind’]

ventral /ˈventr(ə)l/ adj.  1 Anat. & Zool.  of or on the abdomen (cf. 参见 DORSAL 1) 【解】【动】腹的；腹部的；腹面的；前侧的 2 Bot.  of the front or lower surface 【植】前面的，向下一面的，内面的 □ ventrally  adv.   [obsolete venter from Latin venter ventr- ‘belly’]

ventral fin n.  either of the ventrally placed fins on a fish 腹鳍；臀鳍

ventre ɑˋ terre /ˌvɑ:ntr(ə) ɑ: ˈtɛə, 法 vɑ˜tr a tɛr/ adv.  at full speed 全速地 [French, literally ‘with belly to the ground’]

ventricle /ˈventrik(ə)l/ n. Anat. 【解】  1  a cavity in the body 腹腔 2  a hollow part of an organ, esp. in the brain or heart 室；(尤指)心室或脑室 □ ventricular  /-ˈtrikjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English from Latin ventriculus, diminutive of venter ‘belly’]

ventricose /ˈventrikəʊs/ adj.  1  having a protruding belly 大腹的 2 Bot.  distended, inflated 【植】(一侧)膨出的，(向一侧)肿胀的；(半边)膨大的 [formed irregularly from VENTRICLE + -OSE1]

ventriloquism /venˈtriləkwiz(ə)m/ n.  the skill of speaking or uttering sounds so that they seem to come from the speaker's dummy or a source other than the speaker 腹语术，口技(一种说话或发声的技巧，声音仿佛来自腹部或他处) □ ventriloquial  /ventriˈləʊkwiəl/ adj.  □ ventriloquist  n.  □ ventriloquize  v. intr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [ultimately from Latin ventriloquus ‘ventriloquist’, from venter ‘belly’ + loqui ‘speak’]

ventriloquy /venˈtriləkwi/ n.  = VENTRILOQUISM 

venture /ˈventʃə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  an undertaking of a risk 冒险；冒险行动b  a risky enterprise 风险事业 2  a commercial speculation 投机活动；商业冒险 ●v.  1 intr.  dare; not be afraid 敢于(冒险)；敢做  did not venture to stop them  没敢阻止他们 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 常后跟 out etc.)  dare to go (out), esp. outdoors 冒险前进；冒险去(尤指户外) 3 tr.  dare to put forward (an opinion, suggestion, etc.) 敢于提出；大胆提出(意见、建议等) 4  a tr.  expose to risk; stake (a bet etc.) 冒…的危险；押上(赌注等)b intr.  take risks 冒险 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  dare to engage in etc. 敢于进行或尝试  ventured on a longer journey  冒险进行长途旅行 □ at a venture   at random; without previous consideration 随便地；未经考虑地，碰运气地 [from ADVENTURE]

venture capital n.  = RISK CAPITAL 

venturer /ˈventʃ(ə)rə/ n. hist.  a person who undertakes or shares in a trading venture [史义]投机商

Venture Scout n.  a member of the Scout Association aged between 16 and 20 (指 16 至 20 岁的)童子军队员

venturesome /ˈventʃəs(ə)m/ adj.  1  disposed to take risks; adventurous 好冒险的；大胆的；鲁莽的 2  risky 冒险的；(有)危险的 □ venturesomely  adv.  □ venturesomeness  n.  

venturi /venˈtjʊəri/ n. (pl. venturis)  a short piece of narrow tube between wider sections for measuring flow-rate or exerting suction 文氏管，文丘里管(一种流体流量测定装置) [named after G. B. Venturi, Italian physicist d. 1822]

venue /ˈvenju:/ n.  1  a  an appointed site or meeting place, esp. for a sports event, meeting, concert, etc. (指体育活动、会议、音乐会等的)举行场所；会场b  a rendezvous 集合地点；聚会地点 2 Law hist.  the county or other place within which a jury must be gathered and a case tried (originally the neighbourhood of the crime etc.) 【法律】[史义]审判地(最初在犯罪地点附近) [French, = a coming, fem. past part. of venir ‘come’ from Latin venire]

venule /ˈvenju:l/ n. Anat.  a small vein, esp. one collecting blood from the capillaries 【解】小静脉(尤指连接毛细血管的小静脉) [Latin venula, diminutive of vena ‘vein’]

Venus /ˈvi:nəs/ n. (pl. Venuses)  1  the planet second from the sun in the solar system 金星 2 poet. [诗]  a  a beautiful woman 美人，美女b  sexual love; amorous influences or desires 性爱，情欲 □ Venusian  /viˈnju:ziən/ adj. & n.   [Old English from Latin Venus Veneris, name of the goddess of love]

Venus flytrap n. (also 亦作 Venus's flytrap)  a plant, Dionaea muscipula, with hinged leaves that close on and digest insects etc. 捕蝇草(其叶可以闭合，将昆虫等包住并吸收)

Venus's comb n.  = SHEPHERD'S NEEDLE 

Venus's looking-glass n.  any of various plants of the genus Legousia with small blue flowers 镜花属植物

Vera /ˈviərə/   薇拉 [人名]

veracious /vəˈreiʃəs/ adj. formal [正式]  1  speaking or disposed to speak the truth 老实的；诚实的 2 (of a statement etc.) true or meant to be true (指叙述等)真实的；正确的 □ veraciously  adv.  □ veraciousness  n.   [Latin verax veracis from verus ‘true’]

veracity /vəˈræsiti/ n.  1  truthfulness, honesty 老实；真实；诚实 2  accuracy (of a statement etc.) (指叙述等的)真实(性)；精确(性) [French veracité or medieval Latin veracitas (as VERACIOUS)]

veranda /vəˈrændə/ n. (also 亦作 verandah)  1  a portico or external gallery, usu. with a roof, along the side of a house 游廊，走廊；阳台 2 Austral. & NZ  a roof over a pavement in front of a shop [澳新]商店门前人行道上方的屋顶 [Hindi varaṇḍɑˉ from Portuguese varanda ‘railing, balustrade’]

veratrine /ˈverətri:n, -in/ n.  a poisonous compound obtained from sabadilla etc., and used esp. as a local irritant in the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism 藜芦混碱；藜芦定(从赛藜芦等中提取的有毒化合物，尤其在治疗神经痛和风湿病时作局部刺激用) [French vératrine from Latin veratrum ‘hellebore’]

verb /vɜ:b/ n. Gram.  a word used to indicate an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence (e.g. 如 hear, become, happen) 【语法】动词 [Middle English from Old French verbe or Latin verbum ‘word, verb’]

verbal /ˈvɜ:b(ə)l/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of or concerned with words 词语的，言语的，文字的  made a verbal distinction  措辞上有差别 2  oral, not written 口头的，非书面的  gave a verbal statement  口头叙述 3 Gram.  of or in the nature of a verb 【语法】动词的；源自动词的；有动词性质的  verbal inflections  动词的屈折变化 4  literal 逐字的，照字面的，一字不差的  a verbal translation  逐字翻译，直译 5  talkative, articulate 爱说话的；表达力强的 ●n.  1 Gram. 【语法】  a  a verbal noun 动词性名词，动名词b  a word or words functioning as a verb 动词性单词(或词组) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Brit. slang  a verbal statement, esp. one made to the police [英] [俚语] (尤指对警察的)口供 3 Brit. slang  an insult; abuse [英] [俚语]责骂；辱骂  gave them a lot of verbals  把他们大骂一通 ●v. tr. (verballed, verballing) Brit. slang  attribute a damaging statement to (a suspect) [英] [俚语]诱使(嫌疑犯)招供，使(嫌疑犯)招认 □ verbally  adv.   [Middle English from French verbal or Late Latin verbalis (as VERB)]■Usage 用法说明 Some people reject sense 2 of verbal as illogical, and prefer oral. However, verbal is the usual term in expressions such as verbal communication, verbal contract, and verbal evidence. 有人认为 verbal 的释义 2 不合逻辑而宁愿使用 oral 。实际上， verbal 惯用于 verbal communication (口头交流)、 verbal contract (口头协定)、 verbal evidence (口头证供)等表达式中。 

verbalism /ˈvɜ:b(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  minute attention to words; verbal criticism 文字的拘泥；咬文嚼字 2  merely verbal expression 空话；套话 □ verbalist  n.  □ verbalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.  

verbalize /ˈvɜ:b(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  express in words 用言辞表达，用文字表达 2 intr.  be verbose 啰唆，唠叨 3 tr.  make (a noun etc.) into a verb 使(名词等)动词化，使成为动词 □ verbalizable  adj.  □ verbalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ verbalizer  n.  

verbal noun n. Gram.  a noun formed as an inflection of a verb and partly sharing its constructions (e.g. 如 smoking in smoking is forbidden 禁止吸烟 : see 见 -ING1) 【语法】名词化的动名词

verbascum /vɜ:ˈbæskəm/ n.  a plant of the genus Verbascum, a mullein 毛蕊花 [Latin]

verbatim /vɜ:ˈbeitim/ adv. & adj.  in exactly the same words; word for word 一字不差的，逐字逐句的  copied it verbatim  逐字逐句抄录 a verbatim report  一字不差的报告 [Middle English from medieval Latin (adv.), from Latin verbum ‘word’: cf. LITERATIM]

verbena /vɜ:ˈbi:nə/ n.  any plant of the genus Verbena, bearing clusters of fragrant flowers 马鞭草(马鞭草属，结芳香的花团) [Latin, = sacred bough of olive etc., in medieval Latin ‘vervain’]

verbiage /ˈvɜ:biidʒ/ n.  needless accumulation of words; verbosity 冗词，赘语；废话 [French, via obsolete verbeier ‘chatter’ from verbe ‘word’: see VERB]

verbose /vɜ:ˈbəʊs/ adj.  using or expressed in more words than are needed 唠叨的，啰唆的；冗长的 □ verbosely  adv.  □ verboseness  n.  □ verbosity  /-ˈbɒsiti/ n.   [Latin verbosus from verbum ‘word’]

verboten /fɜ:ˈbəʊt(ə)n, 德 fɛrˈbo:tən/ adj.  forbidden, esp. by an authority (尤指当局)明令禁止的，严禁的 [German]

verb. sap. /vɜ:b ˈsæp/ int.  expressing the absence of the need for a further explicit statement 对聪明人一句话就够了，聪明人会举一反三 [abbreviation of Latin verbum sapienti sat est ‘a word is enough for the wise person’]

verdant /ˈvɜ:d(ə)nt/ adj.  1 (of grass etc.) green, fresh-coloured (指草等)青翠的，碧绿的，嫩绿的 2 (of a field etc.) green with grass and vegetation; lush (指田野等)长满绿色植物的，绿油油的 3 (of a person) unsophisticated, raw, green (指人)不老练的，生疏的，无经验的；稚嫩的 □ verdancy  n.  □ verdantly  adv.   [perhaps from Old French verdeant, part. of verdoier ‘be green’, ultimately from Latin viridis ‘green’]

verd-antique /vɜ:dænˈti:k/ n.  1  ornamental usu. green serpentine (指装饰用)绿斑蛇纹石 2  a green incrustation on ancient bronze (指古铜器面上的)铜绿 3  green porphyry 古绿石，绿斑岩 [obsolete French, = antique green]

verderer /ˈvɜ:d(ə)rə/ n. Brit.  a judicial officer of royal forests [英]王室护林官 [Anglo-French (earlier verder), Old French verdier, ultimately from Latin viridis ‘green’]

verdict /ˈvɜ:dikt/ n.  1  a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest (指民事案、刑事案或审讯的)裁决；判决 2  a decision; a judgement 定论；判断性意见 [Middle English from Anglo-French verdit, Old French voirdit, from voir, veir ‘true’ (from Latin verus) + dit from Latin DICTUM ‘saying’]

verdigris /ˈvɜ:diɡri:, -ɡri:s/ n.  1  a  a green crystallized substance formed on copper by the action of acetic acid 乙酸铜，醋酸铜b  this used as a medicine or pigment 乙酸铜药或颜料 2  green rust on copper or brass 铜绿 [Middle English from Old French verte-gres, vert de Grece ‘green of Greece’]

verdure /ˈvɜ:djə, -jʊə/ n.  1  green vegetation 青葱的草木 2  the greenness of this 青葱，青翠，青绿 3 poet.  freshness [诗]生气勃勃；欣欣向荣；新鲜 □ verdured  adj.  □ verdurous  adj.   [Middle English via Old French, from verd ‘green’, from Latin viridis]

verge1 /vɜ:dʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an edge or border 边，边沿，边缘 2  an extreme limit beyond which something happens 临界点；界限  on the verge of tears  几乎要流泪了 3 Brit.  a grass edging of a road, flower bed, etc. [英] (指道路、花坛等的)植草边沿 4 Archit.  an edge of tiles projecting over a gable 【建】山墙檐边突瓦，檐口瓦，滴水瓦 5  a wand or rod carried before a bishop, dean, etc., as an emblem of office (指主教、教长等所执代表职权的)权杖 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 on)  border on; approach closely 处在…的边沿(或边缘)；构成…的边沿(或边缘)；接近…的地步  verging on the ridiculous  几乎达到荒唐可笑的地步 [Middle English via Old French from Latin virga ‘rod’]

verge2 /vɜ:dʒ/ v. intr.  incline downwards or in a specified direction 下沉；向某个方向倾斜；倾向  the now verging sun  正在西沉的太阳 verge to a close  即将结束 [Latin vergere ‘bend, incline’]

verger /ˈvɜ:dʒə/ n. (also 亦作 virger)  1  an official in a church who acts as caretaker and attendant 教堂司事 2  an officer who bears the staff before a bishop etc. (指仪式队伍中为主教等)持权标者，司仪 □ vergership  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French (as VERGE1)]

verglas /ˈvɛəɡlɑ:/ n.  a thin coating of ice or frozen rain 薄冰面；雨凇，冻雨 [French, from verre ‘glass’ + glas (now glace) ‘ice’]

veridical /viˈridik(ə)l/ adj.  1 formal  truthful [正式]说实话的；诚实的 2 Psychol. (of visions etc.) coinciding with reality 【心】梦幻启示的(指梦幻等与实际所发生的事巧合) □ veridicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ veridically  adv.   [Latin veridicus, from verus ‘true’ + dicere ‘say’]

veriest /ˈveriist/ adj. archaic  so called in the fullest sense; complete, absolute [古义]极度的，十足的，完全的  the veriest fool knows that  连十足的傻子都知道 [superl. of VERY]

verification /ˌverifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the process or an instance of establishing the truth or validity of something 证明；证实 2 Philos.  the establishment of the validity of a proposition empirically 【哲】(指通过经验)证明(某命题正确) 3  the process of verifying procedures laid down in weapons agreements 核实，查对；查清(指履行武器协议中所规定稽核程序的过程)

verify /ˈverifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  1  establish the truth or correctness of by examination or demonstration 查证；核实；检验  must verify the statement  必须证实此陈述的正确性 verified my figures  核实我的数据 2 (of an event etc.) bear out or fulfil (a prediction or promise) (指某事件等)证明，证实(猜测)；兑现(承诺) 3 Law  append an affidavit to (pleadings); support (a statement) by testimony or proofs 【法律】(指在诉状中)附加宣誓书；(用证词或证据)证实 □ verifiable  adj.  □ verifiably  adv.  □ verifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French verifier from medieval Latin verificare, from verus ‘true’]

verily /ˈverili/ adv. archaic  really, truly [古义]真正地；肯定地；真实地；忠实地 [Middle English, from VERY + -LY2, suggested by Old French verrai(e)ment, Anglo-French veirement]

verisimilitude /ˌverisiˈmilitju:d/ n.  1  the appearance or semblance of being true or real 貌似真实；逼真 2  a statement etc. that seems true 似乎真实的话等 □ verisimilar  /-ˈsimilə/ adj.   [Latin verisimilitudo from verisimilis ‘probable’, from veri (genitive of verus ‘true’) + similis ‘like’]

verism /ˈviəriz(ə)m/ n.  realism in literature or art (指文学艺术上的)写实主义 □ verist  n.  □ veristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.   [Latin verus or Italian vero ‘true’ + -ISM]

verismo /veˈrizməʊ/ n. (esp. with reference to opera) realism (尤指歌剧的)写实主义 [Italian (as VERISM)]

veritable /ˈveritəb(ə)l/ adj.  real; rightly so called 真正的；确实的；名符其实的；十足的  a veritable feast  名符其实的宴会 □ veritably  adv.   [Old French (as VERITY)]

verity /ˈveriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a true statement, esp. one of fundamental import 真实的(尤指极重要的)陈述 2  truth 真理 3  a really existent thing 事实 [Middle English via Old French verité, verté from Latin veritas -tatis, from verus ‘true’]

verjuice /ˈvɜ:dʒu:s/ n.  1  an acid liquor obtained from crab apples, sour grapes, etc., and formerly used in cooking and medicine (用西洋苹果、酸葡萄等制的)酸果汁(旧时常用于烹调或医药) 2  bitter feelings, thoughts, etc. 怨恨的心情、想法等 [Middle English from Old French vertjus, from VERT ‘green’ + jus JUICE]

verkrampte /fɜ:ˈkræmptə, 南非荷兰语 ferˈkramptə/ adj. & n. S. Afr. [南非] ●adj.  politically or socially conservative or reactionary, esp. as regards apartheid (指在社会政治事务上，尤指在种族隔离问题上)保守的，狭隘的，反动的 ●n.  a person holding such views 顽固分子，保守分子 [Afrikaans, literally ‘narrow, cramped’]

verligte /fɜ:ˈlixtə, 南非荷兰语 ferˈlixtə/ adj. & n. S. Afr. [南非] ●adj.  progressive or enlightened, esp. as regards apartheid (尤指在种族隔离问题上)开明的，进步的 ●n.  a person holding such views 开明分子，进步分子 [Afrikaans, = enlightened]

vermeil /ˈvɜ:meil, -mil/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  silver gilt 镀金的银 2  an orange-red garnet 橘红色，深红色 3 poet.  vermilion [诗]朱红色，鲜红色 ●adj. poet.  vermilion [诗]朱红色的，鲜红色的 [Middle English from Old French: see VERMILION]

vermi- /ˈvɜ:mi/ comb. form  worm [构词成分]蠕虫 [Latin vermis ‘worm’]

vermian /ˈvɜ:miən/ adj.  of worms; wormlike 蠕虫的；像蠕虫的 [Latin vermis ‘worm’]

vermicelli /vɜ:miˈtʃeli, -seli/ n.  1  pasta made in long slender threads 细面条，线面 2 Brit.  shreds of chocolate used as cake decoration etc. [英] (指糕饼上的)巧克力装饰线条 [Italian, pl. of vermicello, diminutive of verme, from Latin vermis ‘worm’]

vermicide /ˈvɜ:misaid/ n.  a substance that kills worms 杀蠕虫剂；杀肠虫药

vermicular /vəˈmikjʊlə/ adj.  1  like a worm in form or movement; vermiform 蚓状动物的；像蠕虫的 2 Med.  of or caused by intestinal worms 【医】肠虫的；肠虫引起的 3  marked with close wavy lines 虫迹形的；有弯曲线条的；有虫蚀纹的 [medieval Latin vermicularis from Latin vermiculus, diminutive of vermis ‘worm’]

vermiculate /vəˈmikjʊlət/ adj.  1  = VERMICULAR  2  worm-eaten 虫咬过的，虫蛀的 [Latin vermiculatus, past part. of vermiculari ‘be full of worms’ (as VERMICULAR)]

vermiculation /vəmikjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the state or process of being eaten or infested by or converted into worms 虫咬(状)，虫蛀(状)；变成虫的状态(或过程) 2  a vermicular marking 虫迹，蛀迹 3  a worm-eaten state 虫咬过的状态，虫蛀过的状态 [Latin vermiculatio (as VERMICULATE)]

vermiculite /vəˈmikjʊlait/ n.  1 Mineral.  a hydrated silicate resulting from the alteration of mica etc., esp. an aluminosilicate of magnesium 【矿】蛭石 2  this material in flakes used as a medium for growing plants, for insulation, etc. 蛭石片 [as VERMICULATE + -ITE1]

vermiform /ˈvɜ:mifɔ:m/ adj.  worm-shaped 蠕虫状的；蚓状的

vermiform appendix  see 见 APPENDIX 1 

vermifuge /ˈvɜ:mifju:dʒ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that expels intestinal worms 驱蠕虫的；驱肠虫的 ●n.  a drug that does this 驱蠕虫药；驱肠虫药

vermilion /vəˈmiljən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  cinnabar 银朱，朱砂；硫化汞 2  a  a brilliant red pigment made by grinding this or artificially 朱红颜料，鲜红颜料b  the colour of this 朱红色，鲜红色 ●adj.  of this colour 朱红色的，鲜红色的 [Middle English via Old French vermeillon, from vermeil, from Latin vermiculus, diminutive of vermis ‘worm’]

vermin /ˈvɜ:min/ n. (usu. treated as pl. 通常看作复数)  1  mammals and birds injurious to game, crops, etc., e.g. foxes, rodents, and noxious insects (指狐狸、啮齿动物和害虫等危害猎物、庄稼等的哺乳动物和鸟类)害鸟；害兽；害虫 2  parasitic worms or insects 寄生虫 3  a  vile or contemptible persons 卑鄙或可憎的人b  a person of this type 害人虫；蟊贼；歹徒 □ verminous  adj.   [Middle English from Old French vermin, -ine, ultimately from Latin vermis ‘worm’]

verminate /ˈvɜ:mineit/ v. intr.  1  breed vermin 孽生害虫 2  become infested with parasites 孽生寄生虫 □ vermination  /-ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [Latin verminare verminat- from vermis ‘worm’]

vermivorous /vɜ:ˈmiv(ə)rəs/ adj.  feeding on worms 食虫的

vermouth /ˈvɜ:məθ, vəˈmu:θ/ n.  a wine flavoured with aromatic herbs 味美思酒，苦艾酒 [French vermout from German Wermut WORMWOOD]

vernacular /vəˈnækjʊlə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  the language or dialect of a particular country 本国语；本地话，方言，土语  Latin gave place to the vernacular  拉丁语让位于本国语 2  the language of a particular clan or group 行话；术语 3  homely speech 日常用语；通俗语；白话 ●adj.  1 (of language) of one's native country; not of foreign origin or of learned formation 本国语的；本地语的；本土语言的；方言的 2 (of architecture) concerned with ordinary rather than monumental buildings (指建筑)民间风格的 □ vernacularism  n.  □ vernacularity  /-ˈlæriti/ n.  □ vernacularize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ vernacularly  adv.   [Latin vernaculus ‘domestic, native’ from verna ‘home-born slave’]

vernal /ˈvɜ:n(ə)l/ adj.  of, in, or appropriate to spring 春季的；春天发生的；春天般的；清新的；和煦的；青春的  vernal equinox  春分 vernal breezes  春风 □ vernally  adv.   [Latin vernalis, via vernus from ver ‘spring’]

vernal equinox n.  = SPRING EQUINOX 

vernal grass n.  a sweet-scented European grass, Anthoxanthum odoratum, grown for hay 黄花茅(产于欧洲的带香味的草，作干草饲料)

vernalization /vɜ:n(ə)laiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  the cooling of seed before planting, in order to accelerate flowering (指播种前用低温处理种子的)春化(作用)；春化处理 □ vernalize  /ˈvɜ:n(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)   [(translation of Russian yarovizatsiya) from VERNAL]

vernation /vɜ:ˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n. Bot.  the arrangement of leaves in a leaf bud (cf. 参见 AESTIVATION) 【植】幼叶卷叠式，多叶卷叠式 [modern Latin vernatio from Latin vernare ‘bloom’ (as VERNAL)]

vernicle /ˈvɜ:nik(ə)l/ n.  = VERONICA 2  [Middle English via Old French (earlier ver(o)nique) from medieval Latin VERONICA]

vernier /ˈvɜ:niə/ n.  a small movable graduated scale for obtaining fractional parts of subdivisions on a fixed main scale of a barometer, sextant, etc. 游标，游标尺 [named after P. Vernier, French mathematician d. 1637]

vernier engine n.  an auxiliary engine for slight changes in the motion of a space rocket etc. 微调发动机 [as VERNIER]

veronal /ˈverən(ə)l/ n.  a sedative drug, a derivative of barbituric acid 佛罗那(一种镇静剂，是巴比妥酸的衍生物) [German, from Verona, a city in Italy]

Veronica /viˈrɒnikə/   维朗妮卡 [人名]

veronica /vəˈrɒnikə/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Veronica or Hebe, esp. speedwell 婆婆纳属植物(尤指药用婆婆纳) 2  a  a cloth supposedly impressed with an image of Christ's face 印有耶稣面像的织物b  any similar picture of Christ's face 类似的耶稣面像 3  the movement of a matador's cape away from a charging bull 斗牛士舞动斗篷的引牛动作 [medieval Latin from the name Veronica: in sense 2 from the association with St Veronica]

verruca /veˈru:kə/ n. (pl. verrucae /-ki:, -si:/ or verrucas)  a wart or similar growth, esp. a contagious wart on the sole of the foot (尤指生于足底有传染性的疣)疣，肉赘，瘊子 □ verrucose  /ˈverʊkəʊz, -ˈru:-/ adj.  □ verrucous  /ˈverʊkəs, -ˈru:-/ adj.   [Latin]

versant /ˈvɜ:s(ə)nt/ n.  1  the extent of land sloping in one direction 斜度，坡度 2  the general slope of land 山坡地区；(指一地区的)坡度 [French, pres. part. of verser from Latin versare, frequentative of vertere vers- ‘turn’]

versatile /ˈvɜ:sətail/ adj.  1  turning easily or readily from one subject or occupation to another; capable of dealing with many subjects 有多种技能的，多才多艺的  a versatile mind  多面手 2 (of a device etc.) having many uses (指装置等)有多种用途的，多功能的，万用的 3 Bot. & Zool.  moving freely about or up and down on a support 【植】【动】可四面转动的，万向的；活动的；能上能下的  versatile antenna  活动天线 4 archaic  changeable, inconstant [古义]易变的，反复无常的 □ versatilely  adv.  □ versatility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [French versatile or Latin versatilis (as VERSANT)]

verse /vɜ:s/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  metrical composition in general (opp. 反义 PROSE n. 1) (总称)诗；诗体；韵文  wrote pages of verse  写了几页诗b  a particular type of this 诗；诗体；韵文  English verse  英语诗 2  a  a metrical line in accordance with the rules of prosody 诗行，诗句b  a group of a definite number of such lines 诗句c  a stanza of a poem or song with or without refrain 诗节 3  each of the short numbered divisions of a chapter in the Bible or other scripture (指《圣经》或其它经文中的)节 4  a  a versicle 短诗b  a passage (of an anthem etc.) for solo voice (指圣歌等的)独唱部 ●v. tr.  1  express in verse 用诗表达；以诗叙述 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  instruct; make knowledgeable 使熟练；使精通 □ verselet  n.  小诗，短诗 [Old English fers from Latin versus ‘a turn of the plough, a furrow, a line of writing’, from vertere vers- ‘to turn’: reinforced in Middle English by Old French vers from Latin versus]

versed1 /vɜ:st/ adj. (foll. by 后跟 in)  experienced or skilled in; knowledgeable about 熟练的；精通的 [French versé or Latin versatus, past part. of versari ‘be engaged in’ (as VERSANT)]

versed2 /vɜ:st/ adj. Math.  reversed 【数】反，反转的 [modern Latin (sinus) versus ‘turned (sine)’ (as VERSE)]

versed sine n. Math.  unity minus cosine 【数】正矢

verset /ˈvɜ:sit/ n. Mus.  a short prelude or interlude for organ 【音】管风琴短序曲或插曲 [French: diminutive of vers VERSE]

versicle /ˈvɜ:sik(ə)l/ n.  each of the short sentences in a liturgy said or sung by a priest etc. and alternating with responses (指做礼拜时由牧师等引领或领唱由会众应答或应唱的)短诗(或短句) □ versicular  /-ˈsikjʊlə/ adj.   [Middle English from Old French versicule or Latin versiculus, diminutive of versus: see VERSE]

versicoloured /ˈvɜ:sikʌləd/ adj. (US [美] versicolored)  1  changing from one colour to another in different lights 色彩变幻的，闪色的 2  variegated 多种颜色的，杂色的，色彩斑驳的 [Latin versicolor from versus (past part. of vertere ‘turn’) + color ‘colour’]

versify /ˈvɜ:sifai/ v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr.  turn into or express in verse 把…改写成诗，用韵文重写；以诗叙述；用诗体描写 2 intr.  compose verses 作诗 □ versification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ versifier  n.   [Middle English via Old French versifier from Latin versificare (as VERSE)]

versin /ˈvɜ:sin, -sain/ n. (also 亦作 versine) Math. 【数】  = VERSED SINE 

version /ˈvɜ:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an account of a matter from a particular person's point of view (指某人对事物所作的)一种描述，说法  told them my version of the incident  告诉他们我对此事件的说法 2  a book or work etc. in a particular edition or translation 版本；译本  Authorized Version  钦定《圣经》英译本 3  a form or variant of a thing as performed, adapted, etc. (指一事物的)表演形式，改编的版本等 4  a piece of translation, esp. as a school exercise (尤指用作校内练习的)译文 5 Med.  the manual turning of a foetus in the womb to improve presentation 【医】(胎位)倒转术 □ versional  adj.   [French version or medieval Latin versio, from Latin vertere vers- ‘to turn’]

vers libre /vɜ:ˈli:br(ə), 法 vɛr libr/ n.  irregular or unrhymed verse in which the traditional rules of prosody are disregarded (指不受传统格律限制的)自由诗 [French, = free verse]

verso /ˈvɜ:səʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a  the left-hand page of an open book (指打开的书的)左首页b  the back of a printed leaf of paper or manuscript (opp. 反义 RECTO) (指印刷页或手稿的)背面 2  the reverse of a coin (指硬币的)反面 [Latin verso (folio) ‘on the turned (leaf)’]

verst /vɜ:st/ n.  a Russian measure of length, about 1.1 km (0.66 mile) 俄里(俄罗斯长度单位，约合 1.1 公里或 0.66 英里) [Russian versta]

versus /ˈvɜ:səs/ prep.  against (esp. in legal and sports use) (abbr. 缩略 : v, v., vs.) (尤用于法律和体育运动中)对抗，对 [Latin, = towards, in medieval Latin ‘against’]

vert /vɜ:t/ n. & (usu. placed after noun 通常置于名词后)  adj. Heraldry green 【纹章学】绿色(的) [Middle English via Old French from Latin viridis ‘green’]

vertebra /ˈvɜ:tibrə/ n. (pl. vertebrae /-brei, -bri:/)  1  each segment of the backbone 脊椎骨，脊柱骨 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the backbone 脊椎，脊柱 □ vertebral  adj.   [Latin, from vertere ‘to turn’]

vertebrate /ˈvɜ:tibrət/ n. & adj. ●n.  any animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, having a spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes 脊椎动物 ●adj.  of or relating to the vertebrates 脊椎动物的；脊椎动物门的 [Latin vertebratus ‘jointed’ (as VERTEBRA)]

vertebration /vɜ:tiˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  division into vertebrae or similar segments 椎骨形成；脊椎形成；脊椎状构造

vertex /ˈvɜ:teks/ n. (pl. vertices /-tisi:z/ or vertexes)  1  the highest point; the top or apex 最高点，顶点 2 Geom. 【几】  a  each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, etc. (指多边形、多面体等的)顶，顶点b  a meeting point of two lines that form an angle (指构成角的两线的)交点c  the point at which an axis meets a curve or surface (指轴与曲线或面的)交点 3 Anat.  the crown of the head 【解】头顶，颅顶点 [Latin vertex -ticis ‘whirlpool, crown of a head, vertex’, from vertere ‘to turn’]

vertical /ˈvɜ:tik(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  at right angles to a horizontal plane, perpendicular 垂直的；竖立的；立式的 2  in a direction from top to bottom of a picture etc. (指图等的)纵向的 3  of or at the vertex or highest point 顶点的，最高点的 4  at, or passing through, the zenith 至高点的；绝顶的 5 Anat.  of or relating to the crown of the head 【解】头顶的，颅顶点的 6  involving all the levels in an organizational hierarchy or stages in the production of a class of goods (产品的生产)涉及企业的各个层面的；纵向联合的  vertical integration  垂直统一管理 ●n.  a vertical line or plane 垂直线，垂直面 □ out of the vertical   not vertical 不垂直□ verticality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ verticalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ vertically  adv.   [French vertical or Late Latin verticalis (as VERTEX)]

vertical angles n. pl. Math.  each of the pairs of opposite angles made by two intersecting lines 【数】对顶角

vertical fin n. Zool.  a dorsal, anal, or caudal fin 【动】竖鳍(指背鳍、臀鳍或尾鳍)

vertical plane n.  a plane at right angles to the horizontal 垂直面，竖面

vertical take-off n.  the take-off of an aircraft directly upwards 垂直起飞

vertical thinking n.  deductive reasoning (opp. 反义 LATERAL THINKING) 演绎推理

verticil /ˈvɜ:tisil/ n. Bot. & Zool.  a whorl; a set of parts arranged in a circle round an axis 【植】【动】轮，环；轮生体，环生体 □ verticillate  /-ˈtisilət/ adj.   [Latin verticillus ‘whorl of a spindle’, diminutive of VERTEX]

vertiginous /vɜ:ˈtidʒinəs/ adj.  of or causing vertigo 眩晕的；令人眩晕的 □ vertiginously  adv.   [Latin vertiginosus (as VERTIGO)]

vertigo /ˈvɜ:tiɡəʊ/ n.  a condition with a sensation of whirling and a tendency to lose balance; dizziness, giddiness 眩晕，头晕；头昏眼花 [Latin vertigo -ginis ‘whirling’ from vertere ‘to turn’]

vertu var.  of VIRTU  VIRTU 的变体

vervain /ˈvɜ:vein/ n.  any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Verbena, esp. V. officinalis with small blue, white, or purple flowers 马鞭草(尤指开小蓝花、白花或紫花的马鞭草) [Middle English via Old French verveine from Latin VERBENA]

verve /vɜ:v/ n.  enthusiasm, vigour, spirit, esp. in artistic or literary work (尤指艺术或文学作品中的)激情，热情，活力，气势，精神等 [French, earlier = a form of expression, from Latin verba ‘words’]

vervet /ˈvɜ:vit/ n.  a small grey African monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops (非洲产)黑长尾猴 [French, of unknown origin]

very /ˈveri/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  1  in a high degree 很，颇，非常，十分  did it very easily  做此事很容易 had a very bad cough  咳嗽得非常厉害 am very much better  我好多了 2  in the fullest sense 极其；完全地；正是 foll. by 后跟 own or superl. adj.: at the very latest  就在最近 do your very best  你要竭尽全力 my very own room  我自己的房间 ●adj.  1  real, true, actual; truly such 恰好的；正是的，同一的；真是这样的 usu. prec. by 通常前接 the, this, his, etc. emphasizing identity, significance, or extreme degree 强调身份、重要性或极端的程度 : the very thing we need  正是我们所需要的 those were his very words  这就是他所说的话 2 archaic  real, genuine [古义]真正的；真实的，名符其实的  very God  真神 □ not very   1  in a low degree 不太，稍微 2  far from being 决不，远非□ very good (or well)   a formula of consent or approval 好吧，是(表示同意或赞成的套语)□ the very same   see 见 SAME  [Middle English from Old French verai, ultimately from Latin verus ‘true’]

Very light /ˈveri, ˈviəri/ n.  a flare projected from a pistol for signalling or temporarily illuminating the surroundings 维利信号弹(一种有色信号弹) [named after E. W. Very, American inventor d. 1910]

Very pistol /ˈveri, ˈviəri/ n.  a gun for firing a Very light 维利信号枪

Very Reverend n.  the title of a dean etc. (对教长等的尊称)大人，大师

vesica /ˈvesikə, ˈvi:-, viˈsaikə/ n.  1 Anat. & Zool.  a bladder, esp. the urinary bladder 【解】【动】囊，泡；(尤指)膀胱 2 (in full 全称 vesica piscis /ˈpiskis/ or piscium /ˈpiskiʌm/) Art  a pointed oval used as an aureole in medieval sculpture and painting 【艺术】(指中世纪雕刻与绘画中的)尖椭圆光轮 □ vesical  adj.   [Latin]

vesicate /ˈvesikeit, ˈvi:-/ v. tr. esp. Med.  raise blisters on 【医】(使)起疱，(使)发疱 □ vesicant  adj. & n.  □ vesication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vesicatory  /-ˈkeit(ə)ri/ adj. & n.   [Late Latin vesicare vesicat- (as VESICA)]

vesicle /ˈvesik(ə)l, ˈvi:-/ n.  1  a Anat. & Biol.  a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, or vacuole 【解】【生】囊，泡b Bot.  an air-filled swelling in a seaweed etc. 【植】(指海藻等的)泡 2 Geol.  a small cavity in volcanic rock produced by gas bubbles 【地质】(指火山岩上的)气孔 3 Med. 【医】  a blister 水疱 □ vesicular  /viˈsikjʊlə/ adj.  □ vesiculate  /viˈsikjʊlət/ adj.  □ vesiculation  /viˌsikjʊˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French vésicule or Latin vesicula, diminutive of VESICA]

vesper /ˈvespə/ n.  1 poet.  Venus as the evening star [诗]长庚星，昏星 2 poet.  evening [诗]黄昏；夜晚 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  the office of the sixth canonical hour of prayer, originally said towards evening 圣事(第六个时辰的祷告仪式，最初在向晚时说)b  evening prayer 晚祷 [Latin vesper ‘evening (star)’: sense 3 partly from Old French vespres via ecclesiastical Latin vesperas from Latin vespera ‘evening’]

vespertine /ˈvespətain, -tin/ adj.  1 Bot. (of a flower) opening in the evening 【植】(指花)晚上开的 2 Zool.  active in the evening 【动】晚上活动的 3 Astron.  setting near the time of sunset 【天】日落时下降的 4  of or occurring in the evening 晚上出现的 [Latin vespertinus from vesper ‘evening’]

vespiary /ˈvespiəri/ n. (pl. -ies)  a nest of wasps 黄蜂巢 [formed irregularly from Latin vespa ‘wasp’, on the pattern of apiary]

vespine /ˈvespain/ adj.  of or relating to wasps 黄蜂的；黄蜂状的 [Latin vespa ‘wasp’]

vessel /ˈves(ə)l/ n.  1  a hollow receptacle esp. for liquid, e.g. a cask, cup, pot, bottle, or dish (尤指盛液体的)容器、器皿(如桶、杯、壶、瓶或盘) 2  a ship or boat, esp. a large one (尤指较大的)船；舰 3  a Anat.  a duct or canal etc. holding or conveying blood or other fluid, esp. = BLOOD VESSEL 【解】(用以输运血液或其他液体的)导管或脉管；(尤指)血管b Bot.  a woody duct carrying or containing sap etc. 【植】导管 4 Bibl. or joc.  a person regarded as the recipient or exponent of a quality 【圣经】[诙] (指被视为具有并最能代表某种品质的)人  a weak vessel  弱者，女人；不牢靠的人 [Middle English via Anglo-French vessel(e), Old French vaissel(le) from Late Latin vascellum, diminutive of vas ‘vessel’]

vest /vest/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Brit.  an undergarment worn on the upper part of the body [英]汗衫，背心 2 N. Amer. & Austral.  a waistcoat [北美澳]背心，马甲 3  a usu. V-shaped piece of material to fill the opening at the neck of a woman's dress (指女服胸前的) V 形装饰片 ●v.  1 tr. (esp. in passive 尤用被动 ; foll. by 后跟 with)  bestow or confer (powers, authority, etc.) on (a person) 授予，赋予，给予(某人权力、职权等) 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  confer (property or power) on (a person) with an immediate fixed right of immediate or future possession 使(财产或权力)归属(某个人)；把(财产或权力)托交(或交付) (某个人) 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in) (of property, a right, etc.) come into the possession of (a person) (指财产、权力等)归属(某人) 4  a tr. poet.  clothe [诗]给…穿衣服b intr. Eccl.  put on vestments 【教会】穿祭服，穿法衣 [the noun from French veste via Italian veste from Latin vestis ‘garment’: the verb Middle English from Old French vestu, past part. of vestir, from Latin vestire vestit- ‘clothe’]

vesta /ˈvestə/ n. esp. hist.  a short wooden or wax match [尤史义]短火柴；蜡火柴 [Vesta, Roman goddess of the hearth and household]

vestal /ˈvest(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  chaste, pure 贞洁的，纯洁的 2  of or relating to the Roman goddess Vesta (罗马女神)维斯太的 ●n.  1  a chaste woman, esp. a nun 贞女；处女；(尤指)修女；尼姑 2 Rom. Antiq.  a vestal virgin [古罗马]维斯太贞女 [Middle English from Latin vestalis (adj. & n.) (as VESTA)]

vestal virgin n. Rom. Antiq.  a virgin consecrated to Vesta and vowed to chastity, who shared the charge of maintaining the sacred fire burning on the goddess's altar [古罗马]维斯太贞女(终生奉献给女神维斯太、誓守贞洁并负责保证女神的祭坛上圣火常燃的贞女)

vested interest n.  1 Law  an interest (usu. in land or money held in trust) recognized as belonging to a person 【法律】(通常指对受托土地或钱财的)既定权利，既得利益 2  a personal interest in a state of affairs, usu. with an expectation of gain (在某一情况下，通常有望获益的)个人利益

vestee /veˈsti:/ n.  = VESTn. 3 

vestiary /ˈvestiəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a vestry 小礼拜室 2  a robing-room; a cloakroom 衣帽间，藏衣室 ●adj.  of or relating to clothes or dress 衣服的；服装的 [Middle English from Old French vestiarie, vestiaire: see VESTRY]

vestibule /ˈvestibju:l/ n.  1  a  an antechamber, hall, or lobby next to the outer door of a building 门厅，前厅b  a porch of a church etc. (指教堂等的)门廊，走廊 2 US  an enclosed entrance to a railway carriage [美] (通往列车车厢的)通廊 3 Anat. 【解】  a  a chamber or channel communicating with others 气门室b  part of the mouth outside the teeth 口前庭c  the central cavity of the labyrinth of the inner ear (内耳的)前庭，耳前腔 □ vestibular  /-ˈstibjʊlə/ adj.   [French vestibule or Latin vestibulum ‘entrance court’]

vestige /ˈvestidʒ/ n.  1  a trace or piece of evidence; a sign 残留部分，残余；遗迹，痕迹  vestiges of an earlier civilization  早期文明的遗迹 found no vestige of their presence  不见他们的踪迹 2  a slight amount; a particle 一点儿，丝毫  without a vestige of clothing  一丝不挂 showed not a vestige of decency  毫不庄重，没有一点正经样 3 Biol.  a part or organ of an organism that is reduced or functionless but was well developed in its ancestors 【生】退化器官 [French from Latin vestigium ‘footprint’]

vestigial /veˈstidʒiəl, -dʒ(ə)l/ adj.  1  being a vestige or trace 残留的，残余的；遗留的 2 Biol. (of an organ etc.) degenerate or atrophied, having become functionless in the course of evolution 【生】(指器官等)退化的，萎缩的，(在进化过程中)失去功能的  a vestigial wing  残翅 □ vestigially  adv.  

vestiture /ˈvestitjə, -tʃə/ n.  1 Zool.  hair, scales, etc., covering a surface 【动】表被(如毛、鳞片等) 2 archaic [古义]  a  clothing 衣服，服装b  investiture 覆盖物 [Middle English via medieval Latin vestitura from Latin vestire: see VEST]

vestment /ˈves(t)m(ə)nt/ n.  1  any of the official robes of clergy, choristers, etc., worn during divine service, esp. a chasuble 法衣，祭服；(尤指)十字褡 2  a garment, esp. an official or state robe (尤指)官服；礼服 [Middle English via Old French vestiment, vestement from Latin vestimentum (as VEST)]

vest-pocket attrib. adj. N. Amer. [北美]  1  small enough to fit into a waistcoat pocket 可放入背心口袋的；袖珍的 2  very small 微型的，小型的  vest-pocket parks in urban areas  市区的小公园

vestry /ˈvestri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a room or building attached to a church for keeping vestments in (指教堂的)法衣储藏室(楼) 2 hist. [史义]  a  a meeting of parishioners, usu. in a vestry for parochial business 教区会议b  a body of parishioners meeting in this way 教区委员会 □ vestral  adj.   [Middle English via Old French vestiaire, vestiarie, from Latin vestiarium (as VEST)]

vestryman /ˈvestrimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a member of a vestry 教区委员，教区代表

vesture /ˈvestʃə/ n. & v. ●n. poet. [诗]  1  garments, dress 衣服，服装 2  a covering 覆盖物 ●v. tr.  clothe 给…穿衣服，使穿上衣服 [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin vestitura (as VEST)]

vet1 /vet/ n. & v. ●n. colloq.  a veterinary surgeon [口]兽医 ●v. tr. (vetted, vetting)  1  make a careful and critical examination of (a scheme, work, candidate, etc.) (指对计划、工作、候选人等的)检查，审查 2  examine or treat (an animal) (指给动物)检查；诊治 [abbreviation]

vet2 /vet/ n. N. Amer. colloq.  a veteran [北美口]老兵 [abbreviation]

vetch /vetʃ/ n.  any plant of the genus Vicia, esp. V. sativa, largely used for silage or fodder 野豌豆，巢菜(主要用作青饲料) □ vetchy  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old Norman French veche from Latin vicia]

vetchling /ˈvetʃliŋ/ n.  any of various plants of the genus Lathyrus, related to vetch 山黧豆属植物

veteran /ˈvet(ə)r(ə)n/ n.  1  a person who has grown old in or had long experience of esp. military service or an occupation 老兵，老战士；老手；经验丰富的人  a war veteran  老兵，退伍军人 a veteran of the theatre  有经验的演员 a veteran marksman  老射手 2 N. Amer.  an ex-serviceman or servicewoman [北美]退伍军人 3 (作 attrib.)  of or for veterans 老兵的，老战士的 [French vétéran or Latin veteranus (adj. & n.) from vetus -eris ‘old’]

veteran car n. Brit.  a car made before 1916, or (strictly) before 1905 [英] (1916 年前或严格地说 1905 年前制造的)老式汽车，老爷车

veterinarian /vet(ə)riˈnɛəriən/ n. N. Amer.  a veterinary surgeon [北美]兽医 [Latin veterinarius (as VETERINARY)]

veterinary /ˈvet(ə)rin(ə)ri, ˈvet(ə)nri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or for diseases and injuries of farm and domestic animals, or their treatment 兽医的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a veterinary surgeon 兽医 [Latin veterinarius from veterinae ‘cattle’]

veterinary surgeon n. Brit.  a person qualified to treat diseased or injured animals [英]兽医

vetiver /ˈvetivə/ n.  = KHUS-KHUS  [French vétiver from Tamil veṭṭivēru, from vēr ‘root’]

veto /ˈvi:təʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -oes)  1  a  a constitutional right to reject a legislative enactment (指宪法赋予可否决某一立法的)否决权b  the right of a permanent member of the UN Security Council to reject a resolution (指联合国安理会常任理事国可否决某一决议的)否决权c  such a rejection 否决d  an official message conveying this 否决咨文 2  a prohibition 禁止，阻止；反对  put one's veto on a proposal  反对提案 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  exercise a veto against (a measure etc.) 否决；对(措施等)行使否决权 2  forbid authoritatively 禁止；反对 □ vetoer  n.   [Latin, = I forbid, with reference to its use by Roman tribunes of the people in opposing measures of the Senate]

vex /veks/ v. tr.  1  anger by a slight or a petty annoyance; irritate 使(因琐事而)烦恼；使恼火；惹恼 2 archaic  grieve, afflict [古义]使伤心，使痛苦；折磨 □ vexer  n.  □ vexing  adj.  □ vexingly  adv.   [Middle English via Old French vexer from Latin vexare ‘shake, disturb’]

vexation /vekˈseiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of vexing; the state of being vexed 烦恼；恼火；苦恼；伤脑筋 2  an annoying or distressing thing 令人恼火或苦恼的事情；伤脑筋的事情 [Middle English from Old French vexation or Latin vexatio -onis (as VEX)]

vexatious /vekˈseiʃəs/ adj.  1  such as to cause vexation 引起烦恼的；令人恼火的；使人苦恼的；使人伤脑筋的 2 Law  not having sufficient grounds for action and seeking only to annoy the defendant 【法律】无理缠讼的 □ vexatiously  adv.  □ vexatiousness  n.  

vexed /ˈvekst/ adj.  1  irritated, angered 烦恼的；恼火的；苦恼的；伤脑筋的 2 (of a problem, issue, etc.) difficult and much discussed; problematic (指问题等)争论不休的；难解决的，成问题的 □ vexedly  /ˈveksidli/ adv.  

vexillology /veksiˈlɒlədʒi/ n.  the study of flags 旗帜学 □ vexillological  /-ləˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ vexillologist  n.   [Latin vexillum ‘flag’ + -LOGY]

vexillum /vekˈsiləm/ n. (pl. vexilla /-lə/)  1 Rom. Antiq. [古罗马]  a  a military standard, esp. of a maniple (尤指步兵支队的)军旗b  a body of troops under this (指在此军旗下的)一队士兵 2 Bot.  the large upper petal of a papilionaceous flower 【植】旗瓣 3 Zool.  the vane of a feather 【动】羽瓣 4 Eccl. 【教会】  a  a flag attached to a bishop's staff (指系于主教权杖上的)绸巾b  a processional banner or cross 宗教队列旗(或十字架) [Latin, from vehere vect- ‘carry’]

VG abbr. [缩略]  1  very good 很好 2  Vicar-General 

VGA abbr.  video graphics array [缩略]视频图形阵列

vgc abbr.  very good condition [缩略]非常好的状况，情况良好

VHF abbr.  very high frequency (designating radio waves of frequency c. 30 － 300 MHz and wavelength c. 1 － 10 metres) [缩略]甚高频

VI abbr.  Virgin Islands [缩略]维尔京群岛

via /ˈvaiə/ prep.  by way of; through 经由，经过  London to Rome via Paris  从伦敦经巴黎到罗马 send it via your secretary  由你的秘书把它寄出去 [Latin, ablative of via ‘way, road’]

viable /ˈvaiəb(ə)l/ adj.  1 (of a plan etc.) feasible; practicable, esp. from an economic standpoint (指计划等)切实可行的；(尤从经济方面来看)可实施的 2  a (of a seed or spore) able to germinate (指种子或孢子)能发芽生长的b (of a plant, animal, etc.) capable of living or developing normally under particular environmental conditions (指动植物等)能生长发育的 3 Med. (of a foetus or unborn child) able to live after birth 【医】(指胎儿)能成活的，能养活的 □ viability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ viably  adv.   [French from vie ‘life’, from Latin vita]

viaduct /ˈvaiədʌkt/ n.  1  a long bridgelike structure, esp. a series of arches, carrying a road or railway across a valley or dip in the ground (指跨越山谷或斜坡以连通公路或铁路的)高架桥，跨线桥(尤指一系列的拱形结构) 2  such a road or railway 高架道路，高架铁路 [Latin via ‘way’, on the pattern of AQUEDUCT]

vial /ˈvaiəl/ n.  a small (usu. cylindrical glass) vessel esp. for holding liquid medicines 小瓶(尤指小药水瓶，常为圆柱形玻璃瓶) [Middle English, variant of fiole etc.: see PHIAL]

via media /vaiə ˈmi:diə, vi:ə ˈmediə/ n. literary  a middle way or compromise between extremes [文学用语]中间道路；中庸之道 [Latin]

viand /ˈvaiənd/ n. formal [正式]  1  an article of food 一种食品 2 (in pl. 用复数)  provisions, victuals 供给物，供应品；食物 [Middle English from Old French viande ‘food’, ultimately from Latin vivenda, neut. pl. gerundive of vivere ‘to live’]

viaticum /vaiˈætikəm/ n. (pl. viatica /-kə/)  1  the Eucharist as given to a person near or in danger of death (指临终的)圣餐 2  provisions or an official allowance of money for a journey 公差旅费；旅途用品 [Latin, neut. of viaticus from via ‘road’]

vibes /vaibz/ n. pl. colloq. [口]  1  vibrations, esp. in the sense of feelings or atmosphere communicated (尤指感情上的)感应，共鸣；气氛  the house had bad vibes  屋内气氛不好 2  = VIBRAPHONE  [abbreviation]

vibraculum /vaiˈbrækjʊləm, vi-/ n. (pl. vibracula /-lə/) Zool.  a whip-like structure of bryozoans used to bring food within reach by lashing movements 【动】(指苔藓虫的)振鞭体 □ vibracular  adj.   [modern Latin (as VIBRATE)]

vibrant /ˈvaibr(ə)nt/ adj.  1  vibrating 震动的，颤动的；振动的，抖动的 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 with) (of a person or thing) thrilling, quivering (指人或物)颤抖的，振颤的  vibrant with emotion  激动地颤抖 3 (of sound) resonant (指声音)响亮的；振响的 4 (of colour) bright and striking (指色彩)鲜明的，醒目的 □ vibrancy  n.  □ vibrantly  adv.   [Latin vibrare: see VIBRATE]

vibraphone /ˈvaibrəfəʊn/ n.  a percussion instrument of tuned metal bars with motor-driven resonators and metal tubes giving a vibrato effect 电颤琴(一种打击乐器) □ vibraphonist  n.   [VIBRATO + -PHONE]

vibrate /vaiˈbreit/ v.  1 intr. & tr.  move or cause to move continuously and rapidly to and fro; oscillate (使)快速摆动(摇动、震动、颤动)；来回摆动 2 intr. Physics  move unceasingly to and fro, esp. rapidly 【物】不停地(尤指迅速地)来回摆动 3 intr. (of a sound) throb; continue to be heard (指声音)颤动，回荡 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 with)  quiver, thrill 振颤，激动  vibrating with passion  激动地颤抖 5 intr. (of a pendulum) swing to and fro (指钟摆)摆动 □ vibrative  /-rətiv/ adj.   [Latin vibrare vibrat- ‘shake, swing’]

vibratile /ˈvaibrətail/ adj.  1  capable of vibrating 能振动的，能震动的 2 Biol. (of cilia etc.) used in vibratory motion 【生】(指纤毛等)振动的；颤动的 [VIBRATORY, on the pattern of pulsatile etc.]

vibration /vaiˈbreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the act or an instance of vibrating; oscillation 震动，颤动；振动；抖动 2 Physics (esp. rapid) motion to and fro, esp. of the parts of a fluid or an elastic solid whose equilibrium has been disturbed or of an electromagnetic wave 【物】振动(尤指流体物质局部或有弹性的固体物质在平衡受到干扰后的快速往复运动或电磁波的快速往复运动) 3 (in pl. 用复数)  a  a mental (esp. occult) influence (尤指玄妙的，不可思议的)感应，共鸣b  a characteristic atmosphere or feeling in a place, regarded as communicable to people present in it (指一地的)气氛，环境 □ vibrational  adj.   [Latin vibratio (as VIBRATE)]

vibrato /viˈbrɑ:təʊ/ n. Mus.  a rapid slight variation in pitch in singing or in playing a stringed or wind instrument, producing a tremulous effect (cf. 参见 TREMOLO) 【音】颤音；颤抖效果(演唱或演奏管弦乐器时音高的快速细微变化) [Italian, past part. of vibrare VIBRATE]

vibrator /vaiˈbreitə/ n.  1  a device that vibrates or causes vibration, esp. an electric or other instrument used in massage or for sexual stimulation 振动装置，振颤器(尤指用来按摩或刺激性欲的电动仪器等) 2 Mus.  a reed in a reed-organ 【音】簧片，簧舌；弦

vibratory /ˈvaibrət(ə)ri, vaiˈbreit(ə)ri/ adj.  causing vibration 震动的，颤动的

vibrio /ˈvibriəʊ, ˈvaibriəʊ/ n. (pl. vibrios or vibriones /-ˈəʊni:z/) Biol. & Med.  a water-borne bacterium of the genus Vibrio etc., typically shaped like a curved rod with a flagellum, and including the cholera bacterium 【生】【医】弧菌(弧菌属等水生细菌，常呈弧杆状，带鞭毛，包括霍乱菌) [modern Latin, from Latin vibrare VIBRATE]

vibrissae /vaiˈbrisi:/ n. pl.  1  stiff coarse hairs near the mouth of most mammals (e.g. a cat's whiskers) and in the human nostrils (指大部分哺乳动物嘴周围的)硬毛(如猫须)，触须；(人的)鼻毛 2  bristle-like feathers near the mouth of insect-eating birds (指食虫鸟的)羽须，嘴须 [Latin (as VIBRATE)]

viburnum /viˈbɜ:nəm, vai-/ n.  any shrub of the genus Viburnum, usu. with white flowers, e.g. the guelder rose and wayfaring tree 荚蒾属灌木(通常开白花，如荚蒾玫瑰、绵毛荚蒾) [Latin, = wayfaring tree]

Vic /vik/   维克 [人名]

Vic. abbr. [缩略]  Victoria 

vicar /ˈvikə/ n.  1  a (in the Church of England) an incumbent of a parish where tithes formerly passed to a chapter or religious house or layman (cf. 参见 RECTOR 1a) (指英国国教的)教区牧师，教区教堂主持(该教区的什一税以前交付牧师会或修道院或一般信徒)b (in other Anglican churches) a member of the clergy deputizing for another (其他英国圣公会)代理牧师 2 RC Ch.  a representative or deputy of a bishop 【天主教】代理主教，副主教 3 (in full 全称 lay vicar or vicar choral)  a cleric or choir member appointed to sing certain parts of a cathedral service lay vicar (大教堂礼拜时的)唱诗牧师；唱诗人 □ vicariate  /-ˈkɛəriət/ n.  □ vicarship  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French viker(e), Old French vicaire from Latin vicarius ‘substitute’, from vicis: see VICE3]

vicarage /ˈvik(ə)ridʒ/ n.  the residence or benefice of a vicar 教区牧师的住所或薪俸

vicar apostolic n.  a Roman Catholic missionary or titular bishop (指天主教中主管传教的)主教；名誉主教

vicar-general n. (pl. vicars-general)  1  an Anglican official assisting or representing a bishop esp. in administrative matters 主教代理(尤指在管理方面协助或代表主教的圣公会成员) 2 RC Ch.  a bishop's assistant in matters of jurisdiction etc. 【天主教】主教法律代表(指主教在诉讼等方面的助理)

vicarial /viˈkɛəriəl, vai-/ adj.  of or serving as a vicar 教区牧师的；代理牧师的；代理主教的

vicarious /viˈkɛəriəs, vai-/ adj.  1  experienced in the imagination through another person 通过想像他人的经验感受的，设身处地的，间接获得的  vicarious pleasure  间接得到的乐趣 2  acting or done for another 替代别人的；取代的  vicarious suffering  代人受难 3  deputed, delegated 代理的，代表的  vicarious authority  代理权 □ vicariously  adv.  □ vicariousness  n.   [Latin vicarius: see VICAR]

Vicar of Christ n.  the earthly representative of God, esp. the Pope (尤指)教皇，教宗

vice1 /vais/ n.  1  a  evil or grossly immoral conduct; depravity 邪恶(行为)；道德败坏(行为)；堕落(行为)b  a particular form of this, esp. involving prostitution, drugs, etc. (尤指卖淫、吸毒等)不良习气，恶习c  an immoral or dissolute habit or practice 不道德的或放荡的习气或作法 2  a defect or weakness of character or behaviour 缺点，弱点，瑕疵  drunkenness was not among his vices  他不酗酒 3  a fault or bad habit in a horse etc. (马等动物的)劣性，恶癖 □ viceless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin vitium]

vice2 /vais/ n. & v. (US [美] vise) ●n.  a device, usu. attached to a workbench, with two jaws between which an object may be clamped by moving one jaw by means of a screw, leaving the hands free to work on it 虎钳 ●v. tr.  secure in a vice 钳住，夹住 □ vice-like  adj.   [Middle English, = winding stair, screw, via Old French vis from Latin vitis ‘vine’]

vice3 /ˈvaisi:/ prep.  in the place of; in succession to 代替，接替 [Latin, ablative of vix (recorded in oblique forms in vic-) ‘change’]

vice4 /vais/ n. colloq. [口]  = VICE-PRESIDENT, VICE ADMIRAL, etc.  [as VICE-]

vice- /vais/ comb. form  forming nouns meaning next in rank to, often in the capacity of deputy or substitute for (vice-chairman 副主席 ; vice-governor 副总督，副省长) [构词成份]构成名词，表示“副”，“代理”，“代替” [Latin vice ‘in place of’ (as VICE3)]

vice admiral n.  a naval officer ranking below admiral and above rear admiral 海军中将

vice-chamberlain n.  a deputy chamberlain, esp. (in the UK) the deputy of the Lord Chamberlain (尤指英国王室的)副宫务大臣；副总管

vice-chancellor n.  a deputy chancellor (esp. of a British university, discharging most of the administrative duties) (尤指英国大学中主持大部分行政工作的)副校长

vicegerent /vaisˈdʒiər(ə)nt, -ˈdʒe-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  exercising delegated power 代理执政的，摄政的；代行职权的 ●n.  a vicegerent person; a deputy 代理执政者，摄政者；代行职权者，代理人 □ vicegerency  n. (pl. -ies)   [medieval Latin vicegerens (as VICE-, Latin gerere ‘carry on’)]

vicennial /vaiˈseniəl/ adj.  lasting for or occurring every twenty years 20 年的；每 20 年一次的 [Late Latin vicennium ‘period of twenty years’ from vicies ‘twenty times’ (from viginti ‘twenty’) + annus ‘year’]

vice-president n.  an official ranking below and deputizing for a president 副总统；副主席；副校长；副总裁；副会长；副董事长 □ vice-presidency  n. (pl. -ies)  □ vice-presidential  /-ˈdenʃ(ə)l/ adj.  

viceregal /vaisˈri:ɡ(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a viceroy 总督的；总督职位的 □ viceregally  adv.  

vicereine /ˈvaisrein/ n.  1  the wife of a viceroy 总督夫人 2  a woman viceroy 女总督 [French (as VICE-, reine ‘queen’)]

vice ring n.  a group of criminals involved in organizing illegal prostitution 卖淫团伙

viceroy /ˈvaisrɔi/ n.  a ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a colony, province, etc. (在殖民地、行省等地代表最高统治者行使权利的)总督 □ viceroyal  /-ˈrɔiəl/ adj.  □ viceroyalty  /-ˈrɔiəlti/ n.  □ viceroyship  n.   [French (as VICE-, roy ‘king’)]

vice squad n.  a police department enforcing laws against prostitution, drug abuse, etc. (指取缔卖淫、吸毒等的)警察缉捕队

vice versa /vaisə ˈvɜ:sə, vais/ adj.  with the order of the terms or conditions changed; the other way round 反之亦然；反过来的  could go from left to right or vice versa  可以从左到右，反之亦然 [Latin, = the position being reversed (as VICE3, versa ablative fem. past part. of vertere ‘turn’)]

vichyssoise /vi:ʃi:ˈswɑ:z/ n.  a creamy soup of leeks and potatoes, usu. served chilled 维希奶油浓汤(用韭葱、土豆等烹制的奶油汤，通常冷食) [French vichyssois -oise ‘of Vichy’, a town in France]

Vichy water /ˈvi:ʃi:/ n.  an effervescent mineral water from Vichy in France (指法国维希出产的)维希矿泉汽水

vicinage /ˈvisinidʒ/ n.  1  a neighbourhood; a surrounding district 周围地区，邻近地区 2  relation in terms of nearness etc. to neighbours 邻近关系；邻里 [Middle English from Old French vis(e)nage, ultimately from Latin vicinus ‘neighbour’]

vicinal /ˈvisin(ə)l, viˈsain(ə)l/ adj.  1  neighbouring, adjacent 临近的，邻接的 2  of a neighbourhood; local 本地的，地方的 [French vicinal or Latin vicinalis from vicinus ‘neighbour’]

vicinity /viˈsiniti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a surrounding district 周围地区 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  nearness or closeness of place or relationship 附近，临近，接近；密切的关系 □ in the vicinity  (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  near (to) (在…)附近；(与…)接近 [Latin vicinitas (as VICINAL)]

vicious /ˈviʃəs/ adj.  1  bad-tempered, spiteful 恶毒的；恶意的  a vicious dog  恶狗 vicious remarks  恶毒的话 2  violent, severe 剧烈的，严厉的  a vicious attack  猛烈攻击 3  of the nature of or addicted to vice 邪恶的，恶性的 4 (of language or reasoning etc.) faulty or unsound (指语言、推理等)有错误的，谬误的 □ viciously  adv.  □ viciousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French vicious or Latin vitiosus, from vitium VICE1]

vicious circle  see 见 CIRCLE n. 12 

vicious cycle n.  a harmful recurring cycle of cause and effect 恶性循环

vicious spiral n. Brit.  continual harmful interaction of causes and effects, esp. as causing repeated rises in both prices and wages [英] (尤指工资和物价的)恶性螺旋形上升

vicissitude /viˈsisitju:d, vai-/ n.  1  a change of circumstances, esp. variation of fortune (尤指命运的)变迁，多变 2 archaic or poet.  regular change; alternation [古义] [诗]规则变化，交替 □ vicissitudinous  /-ˈtju:dinəs/ adj.   [French vicissitude or Latin vicissitudo -dinis from vicissim ‘by turns’ (as VICE3)]

Vicki /ˈviki/   维基 [人名]

Vickie /ˈviki/   维基 [人名]

Vicky /ˈviki/   维基 [人名]

victim /ˈviktim/ n.  1  a person injured or killed as a result of an event or circumstance 受害者，牺牲者，罹难者  a road victim  公路交通事故受害者 the victims of war  战争受害者 2  a person or thing harmed or destroyed in pursuit of an object or in gratification of a passion etc. 牺牲品  the victim of their ruthless ambition  狂妄野心的牺牲品 3  a prey; a dupe 受损害者，猎物；受骗者，易受愚弄的人  fell victim to a confidence trick  成为骗局的牺牲品 4  a living creature sacrificed to a deity or in a religious rite (敬献给神或宗教仪式中的)牺牲，祭祀品 [Latin victima]

victimize /ˈviktimaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  single out (a person) for punishment or unfair treatment, esp. dismissal from employment 挑出(某人)并惩处，不正当处置(尤指开除) 2  make (a person etc.) a victim 使牺牲；使受害；使受骗；宰杀…作牺牲；屠杀 □ victimization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ victimizer  n.  

victimless /ˈviktimlis/ adj. orig. US (of a crime) in which there is no injured party [美] (指犯罪行为)无受害人的

Victor /ˈviktə/   维克托 [人名]

victor /ˈviktə/ n.  a winner in battle or in a contest 胜利者，获胜者 [Middle English from Anglo-French victo(u)r or Latin victor, from vincere vict- ‘conquer’]

Victoria /vikˈtɔ:riə/ n. (also 亦作 victoria)  1  a low light four-wheeled carriage with a collapsible top, seats for two passengers, and a raised driver's seat 维多利亚马车(一种双人座四轮折篷马车) 2 (in full 全称 Victoria water lily)  a S. American water lily, Victoria amazonica or V. cruziana, with gigantic floating leaves 王莲(一种原产南美洲的睡莲，长着巨大的浮叶) 3 (in full 全称 Victoria plum) Brit.  a large red luscious variety of plum [英]王李(一种个大味美的红色李子) [named after Queen Victoria, d. 1901]

Victoria Cross n.  a decoration awarded for conspicuous bravery in the armed services, instituted by Queen Victoria in 1856 维多利亚十字勋章(英国维多利亚女王于 1856 年颁发的铜质勋章，授予有杰出功勋的英国军人)

Victoria crowned pigeon n.  a large blue crested pigeon, Goura victoria, of New Guinea 维多利亚冠鸽(新几内亚岛上一种个大且长着屏状羽冠的蓝色鸽子)

Victorian /vikˈtɔ:riən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or characteristic of the time of Queen Victoria 维多利亚(女王)的；有维多利亚时代特点的 2  associated with attitudes attributed to this time, esp. of prudery and moral strictness 有维多利亚时代的观点的(尤指古板守旧和恪守道义) ●n.  a person, esp. a writer, of this time 维多利亚时代的人(尤指作家) □ Victorianism  n.  

Victoriana /vikˌtɔ:riˈɑ:nə/ n. pl.  1  articles, esp. collectors' items, of the Victorian period 维多利亚时代的物品(尤指收藏品) 2  attitudes characteristic of this period 维多利亚时代的世风(观念、态度等)

Victoria sandwich n. (also 亦作 Victoria sponge) Brit.  a sponge cake consisting of two layers of sponge with a jam filling [英]维多利亚三明治

victorious /vikˈtɔ:riəs/ adj.  1  having won a victory; conquering, triumphant 获胜的；战胜的 2  marked by victory 胜利的  victorious day  胜利日 □ victoriously  adv.  □ victoriousness  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French victorious, Old French victorieux from Latin victoriosus (as VICTORY)]

victor ludorum /viktə lu:ˈdɔ:rəm/ n. (fem. victrix ludorum) Brit.  the overall champion in a sports competition [英] (体育比赛中的)全能冠军 [Latin, = victor of the games]

victory /ˈvikt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the process of defeating an enemy in battle or war or an opponent in a contest 战胜，获胜，胜利 2  an instance of this; a triumph 胜利，凯旋；成功 [Middle English via Anglo-French victorie, Old French victoire from Latin victoria (as VICTOR)]

victory roll n.  a roll performed by an aircraft as a sign of triumph, esp. after a successful mission 胜利滚飞(尤指飞行员在完成任务后表示凯旋的特技飞行)

victrix /ˈviktriks/ n. (pl. victrices /-trisi:z/)  a female victor or champion 女胜利者，女获胜者 [Latin, fem. of VICTOR]

victrix ludorum  see 见 VICTOR LUDORUM 

victual /ˈvit(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  food, provisions, esp. as prepared for use (尤指储备的)食品，饮食(供应) ●v. (victualled, victualling; US [美] victualed, victualing)  1 tr.  supply with victuals 为…供应食品 2 intr.  obtain stores 储备食品 3 intr.  eat victuals 进食，吃 [Middle English via Old French vitaille from Late Latin victualia, neut. pl. of Latin victualis, from victus ‘food’, related to vivere ‘to live’]

victualler /ˈvit(ə)lə/ n. (US [美] victualer)  1  a  a person etc. who supplies victuals 食品或补给的供应人或供应商b (in full 全称 licensed victualler) Brit.  a publican etc. licensed to sell alcoholic liquor [英] (有售酒执照的)酒店老板等 2  a ship carrying stores for other ships (指船只的)食品供应船 [Middle English from Old French vitaill(i)er, vitaillour (as VICTUAL)]

vicuña /viˈkju:njə, -ˈku:-/ n.  1  a S. American mammal, Vicugna vicugna, related to the llama, with fine silky wool 小羊驼，骆马(一种南美哺乳动物，与美洲驼有亲缘关系，身上有纤细而柔滑的绒毛) 2  a  cloth made from its wool 小羊驼毛织物，骆马绒b  an imitation of this 仿小羊驼毛织物，仿骆马绒 [Spanish from Quechua]

vide /ˈvidei, ˈvi:-, ˈvaidi/ v. tr. (as an instruction in a reference to a passage in a book etc.) see, consult 见，参阅(为参见书中等某段落的指示) [Latin, imperative of vidēre ‘see’]

videlicet /viˈdeliset, vai-, -ket/ adv.  = VIZ  [Middle English from Latin, from vidēre ‘see’ + licet ‘it is permissible’]

video /ˈvidiəʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  relating to the recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of visual images on magnetic tape 录像的，播放录像的 2  relating to the broadcasting of television pictures 电视的；视频的；(电视)图像的 ●n. (pl. -os)  1  the process of recording, reproducing, or broadcasting visual images on magnetic tape 录像(过程)，录像的播放 2  the visual element of television broadcasts (电视)图像；视频 3 colloq. [口]  = VIDEO RECORDER  4 (in full 全称 video film)  a film etc. recorded on a videotape 录像片；电视片 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  make a video recording of 录制，制作…的录像 [Latin vidēre ‘see’, on the pattern of AUDIO]

video camera n.  a camera for recording images on videotape etc. or for transmitting them to a monitor screen 摄像机

video cassette n.  a cassette of videotape 盒式录像带

video cassette recorder n.  = VIDEO RECORDER 

videoconference /ˈvidiəʊˌkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n.  the use of television sets linked by telephone lines etc. to enable a group of people to communicate with each other in sound and vision 电视会议(使用用电话线等连接的电视机使人们可以进行音画交流) □ videoconferencing  n.  

video diary n.  a record on videotape made by a person of a period of his or her life, or of a certain event, dramatic situation, etc., using a camcorder 记录，录像日记(指某人使用便携式摄像机就自己在某一阶段的生活、或某一事件、戏剧性场面等录制的录像)

videodisc /ˈvidiəʊdisk/ n.  a metal-coated disc on which visual material is recorded for reproduction on a television screen 电视唱片，录像盘，影碟

video film n.  a film etc. recorded on videotape 电视片，录像片

videofit /ˈvidiə(ʊ)fit/ n.  a reconstructed picture of a person (esp. one sought by the police) built up on a computer screen by selecting and combining facial features according to witnesses' descriptions (cf. 参见 PHOTOFIT) (尤指对警察追逐的嫌疑犯根据证人描述的面部特征进行的)电脑人像拼凑，电脑拼图

video frequency n.  a frequency in the range used for video signals in television 视频

video game n.  a game played by electronically manipulating images produced by a computer program on a television screen 电视游戏(在电视屏幕上进行的电子游戏)

video nasty n. Brit. colloq.  an explicitly horrific or pornographic video film [英口]恐怖电视片或录像片；色情电视片或录像片

videophile /ˈvidiəʊfail/ n.  an enthusiast for video technology or video recordings 电视迷；电视录像迷

videophone /ˈvidiə(ʊ)fəʊn/ n.  a telephone device transmitting a visual image as well as sound 电视电话，可视电话

video recorder n.  an apparatus for recording and playing videotapes 磁带录像机 □ video recording  n.  电视录像；电视影片

video signal n.  a signal containing information for producing a television image 视频信号，图像信号

videotape /ˈvidiə(ʊ)teip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  magnetic tape for recording television pictures and sound 录像(磁)带 2  a length of this; a video cassette (一段)磁带录像内容；盒式录像带 3  a recording made on such tape (录在磁带上的)录像 ●v. tr.  make a recording of (broadcast material etc.) with this 把(播放内容等)录在录像磁带上，制作…的录像；录制

videotape recorder n.  = VIDEO RECORDER 

videotex /ˈvidiə(ʊ)teks/ n. (also 亦作 videotext /-tekst/)  any electronic information system, esp. teletext or viewdata 视传系统，(尤指)图文电视系统，可视数据系统

vidimus /ˈvaidiməs/ n.  an inspection or certified copy of accounts etc. (对账本等的)检查，鉴定；检定本，已检本 [Latin, = we have seen, from vidēre ‘see’]

vie /vai/ v. intr. (vying) (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  compete; strive for superiority 竞争，相争；争夺(优势)  vied with each other for recognition  为赢得认可而互相竞争 [probably from Middle English (as ENVY)]

vielle /viˈel/ n.  a hurdy-gurdy 手摇风琴；摇弦琴 [French from Old French viel(l)e: see VIOL]

Vienna /viˈenə/ n.  维也纳 [奥地利首都]

Vienna schnitzel /viˈenə/ n.  = WIENER SCHNITZEL 

Viennese /viəˈni:z/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, or associated with Vienna in Austria (奥地利)维也纳的；维也纳人的；维也纳式的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a native or citizen of Vienna 维也纳人

Vietnam   越南

Vietnamese /ˌvietnəˈmi:z, ˈvjet-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Vietnam in SE Asia (位于东南亚的)越南的；越南人的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a native or national of Vietnam 越南人 2  the language of Vietnam 越南语

vieux jeu /vjɜ: ˈʒɜ:, 法 vjø ʒø/ adj.  old-fashioned, hackneyed 过时的；老式的 [French, literally ‘old game’]

view /vju:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  range of vision; extent of visibility 视域，视野  came into view  出现在眼前 in full view of the crowd  众目睽睽之下 2  a  what is seen from a particular point; a scene or prospect (从某处看到的)景色；景象  a fine view of the downs  丘陵地区的美景 a room with a view  能看到优美景色的房间b  a picture etc. representing this 风景画，风景照片 3  an inspection by the eye or mind; a visual or mental survey 印象；综观；一览 4  an opportunity for visual inspection; a viewing 看，观看；查看  a private view of the exhibition  非公开的预展 5  a  an opinion 看法，见解，观点  holds strong views on morality  在道德问题上观点强硬b  a mental attitude 思想态度  took a favourable view of the matter  对此事持赞成态度c  a manner of considering a thing (指看问题的)角度，方式  took a long-term view of it  对此事从长计议 ●v.  1 tr.  look at; survey visually; inspect 看，查看；查验  we are going to view the house  我们要去看房子 2 tr.  examine; survey mentally 观察；思考  different ways of viewing a subject  观察问题的不同方法 3 tr.  form a mental impression or opinion of; consider 看待；考虑；估量  does not view the matter in the same light  对此事的看法不同 4 intr.  watch television 看电视 5 tr. Hunting  see (a fox) break cover 【狩猎】看到(狐狸)从隐藏处出来 □ have in view   1  have as one's object 打算；希望，指望 2  bear (a circumstance) in mind in forming a judgement etc. (在作判断等时)考虑或注意(某一情况)□ in view of   having regard to; considering 由于，鉴于；考虑到□ on view   being shown (for observation or inspection); being exhibited 正在上映；陈列着(供观看或检验)；正在展出□ with a view to   1  with the hope or intention of 希望或打算… 2  with the aim of attaining 以…为目的；着眼于；目的在于  with a view to marriage  为了结婚□ viewable  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French v(i)ewe, Old French vēue, fem. past part. of vēoir ‘see’, from Latin vidēre]

viewdata /ˈvju:deitə/ n.  a news and information service from a computer source to which a television screen is connected by telephone link (指通过电话线路将新闻或信息从计算机输向电视屏幕的)视传(系统)，可视数据服务(系统)

viewer /ˈvju:ə/ n.  1  a person who views 观看者，观众；参观者；观赏者 2  a person watching television 电视观众 3  a device for looking at film transparencies etc. 观察器，观看器；幻灯机

viewership /ˈvju:əʃip/ n.  1  the audience for a television programme, channel, etc. (指收看某一电视节目、频道等的)电视观众 2  the number of such viewers (指收看某一电视节目、频道等的)电视观众人数

viewfinder /ˈvju:faində/ n.  a device on a camera showing the area covered by the lens in taking a photograph (指照相机的)取景器

viewgraph /ˈvju:ɡrɑ:f, -ɡræf/ n.  a graph produced as a transparency, for projection on to a screen, or for transmission during a teleconference (用于屏幕投影或电视会议传输的)透明胶片图

view halloo n.  a shout on seeing a fox break cover 嘿，瞧呀！ (看到狐狸从隐蔽处出来而发出的喊声)  did not hear the view halloo  没有听见喊声

viewing /ˈvju:iŋ/ n.  1  an opportunity or occasion to view; an exhibition 供观看的场所；展览 2  the act or practice of watching television (指电视的)收看

viewless /ˈvju:lis/ adj.  1  not having or affording a view 无景色的 2  lacking opinions 没有看法的，无见解的

viewpoint /ˈvju:pɔint/ n.  a point of view, a standpoint 观点；立足点

vigesimal /viˈdʒesim(ə)l, vai-/ adj.  1  of twentieths or twenty 第 20 的； 20 分之一的； 20 的 2  reckoning or reckoned by twenties 以 20 为基数的； 20 进位的 □ vigesimally  adv.   [Latin vigesimus from viginti ‘twenty’]

vigil /ˈvidʒil/ n.  1  a  keeping awake during the time usually given to sleep, esp. to keep watch or pray (尤指为警戒或祈祷)值夜；守夜；熬夜  keep vigil  守夜b  a period of this 值夜或守夜的时段 2  a stationary, peaceful demonstration in support of a particular cause, usu. without speeches 和平示威(为支持某一事业而举行，示威者通常不发表演讲) 3 Eccl.  the eve of a festival or holy day 【教会】节日前夕；宗教节日前夕 4 (in pl. 用复数)  nocturnal devotions 夜间的祈祷(式) [Middle English via Old French vigile from Latin vigilia, from vigil ‘awake’]

vigilance /ˈvidʒil(ə)ns/ n.  watchfulness, caution, circumspection 警戒；警觉，警惕 [French vigilance or Latin vigilantia from vigilare ‘keep awake’ (as VIGIL)]

vigilance committee n. US  a group of vigilantes [美]警戒会，治安维持会

vigilant /ˈvidʒil(ə)nt/ adj.  watchful against danger, difficulty, etc. 警戒的；警觉的，警惕的 □ vigilantly  adv.   [Latin vigilans -antis (as VIGILANCE)]

vigilante /vidʒiˈlænti/ n.  a member of a self-appointed group undertaking law enforcement but without legal authority (指自发组织但无法定权的)警戒行动者，治安维护者，警戒会会员，治安维持会会员 □ vigilantism  n.   [Spanish, = vigilant]

vigneron /ˈvi:njərɒn/ n.  a vine-grower 葡萄种植者 [French, from vigne VINE]

vignette /vi:ˈnjet, vi-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a short descriptive essay or character sketch 短文，花边文字b  a short evocative episode in a play, film, etc. (戏剧、电影等的)小插曲 2  an illustration or decorative design, esp. on the title-page of a book, not enclosed in a definite border (尤指书籍扉页上无明确边界的)小插图或小花饰 3  a photograph or portrait showing only the head and shoulders with the background gradually shaded off 半身晕映照(或画像)，虚光照(或画像) ●v. tr.  1  make a portrait of (a person) in vignette style 为…摄制晕映照；把…印放为虚光照 2  shade off (a photograph or portrait) 使(照片、画像等)晕映 □ vignettist  n.   [French, diminutive of vigne VINE]

vigor US var.  of VIGOUR [美] VIGOUR 的变体

vigoro /ˈviɡ(ə)rəʊ/ n. Austral.  a team ball game combining elements of cricket and baseball [澳]板棒球(结合了板球和棒球的要素) [apparently from VIGOROUS]

vigorous /ˈviɡ(ə)rəs/ adj.  1  strong and active; robust 强壮有力的；强健的 2 (of a plant) growing strongly (指植物)茁壮的 3  forceful; acting or done with physical or mental vigour; energetic 强劲的；精力充沛的；体力旺盛的 4  full of vigour; showing or requiring physical strength or activity 充满活力的，有力量的，有活力的 □ vigorously  adv.  □ vigorousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin vigorosus, from Latin vigor (as VIGOUR)]

vigour /ˈviɡə/ n. (US [美] vigor)  1  active physical strength or energy 体力，精力 2  a flourishing physical condition 体力旺盛 3  healthy growth; vitality; vital force 强健，壮健，茁壮 4  a  mental strength or activity shown in thought or speech or in literary style (指思想、语言、文风的)气势；魄力b  forcefulness; trenchancy, animation 力度；锋利，犀利；生气 □ vigourless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French vigour from Latin vigor -oris, from vigēre ‘be lively’]

vihara /viˈhɑ:rə/ n.  a Buddhist temple or monastery (佛教)寺院 [Sanskrit]

Viking /ˈvaikiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  any of the Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in parts of NW Europe in the 8th － 11th c. (指 8 至 11 世纪时劫掠西北欧地区并在那里定居的)北欧海盗和商人 ●adj.  of or relating to the Vikings or their time 北欧海盗的；斯堪的纳维亚人的；北欧海盗时代的 [Old Norse víkingr, perhaps via Old English wīcing from wīc ‘camp’]

Vikki /ˈviki/   维基 [人名]

Vila /ˈvi:lə/ n.  维拉港 [瓦努阿图首都]

vile /vail/ adj.  1  disgusting 肮脏的，污秽的 2  morally base; depraved, shameful 卑鄙的；堕落的；无耻的 3 colloq.  abominably bad [口]糟透的，极坏的；恶劣的  vile weather  恶劣天气 4 archaic  worthless [古义]无价值的；微不足道的；卑微的 □ vilely  adv.  □ vileness  n.   [Middle English via Old French vil vile from Latin vilis ‘cheap, base’]

vilify /ˈvilifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  defame; speak evil of 污蔑，诋毁，中伤 □ vilification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vilifier  n.   [Middle English in the sense ‘lower in value’, from Late Latin vilificare (as VILE)]

vill /vil/ n. hist.  a feudal township [史义]村邑 [Anglo-French via Old French vile, ville ‘farm’ from Latin villa ‘country house’]

villa /ˈvilə/ n.  1 Rom. Antiq.  a large country house with an estate [古罗马] (附有地产的)乡村庄园 2  a country residence 乡村住宅，山庄 3 Brit.  a detached or semi-detached house in a residential district [英] (住宅区内独立或半独立的)住宅，别墅 4  a rented holiday home, esp. abroad (尤指在国外租赁的)度假屋 [Italian from Latin]

village /ˈvilidʒ/ n.  1  a  a group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, esp. in a rural area 乡村，村庄b  the inhabitants of a village regarded as a community 乡村居民，村民 2 Brit.  a self-contained district or community within a town or city, regarded as having features characteristic of village life [英] (指城市中有乡村生活特色的)居民村，生活区 3 US  a small municipality with limited corporate powers [美] (指作为行政单位的)村 4 Austral.  a select suburban shopping centre [澳] (一流的)郊区购物中心 □ villager  n.  □ villagery  n.  (总称)乡村，村庄 [Middle English via Old French from Latin villa]

village idiot n. offens.  a person of very low intelligence living and well known in a village [冒犯]乡下白痴

villagization /ˌvilidʒaiˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 -isation)  1  a (in Africa and Asia) the concentration of the population in villages (指亚非地区人口的)乡村化b  the transfer of land to the communal control of villagers 土地村有化 2  = UJAMAA 

villain /ˈvilən/ n.  1  a person guilty or capable of great wickedness 恶棍，流氓 2 colloq. usu. joc.  a rascal or rogue [口] [通常诙]坏蛋，家伙；淘气鬼 3 (also 亦作 villain of the piece) (in a play etc.) a character whose evil actions or motives are important in the plot (指戏剧等中的)反面角色，反面人物 4 Brit. colloq.  a professional criminal [英口]职业罪犯 5 archaic  a rustic; a boor [古义]乡下人，庄稼汉；乡巴佬，土包子 [Middle English from Old French vilein, vilain, ultimately from Latin villa: see VILLA]

villainous /ˈvilənəs/ adj.  1  characteristic of a villain; wicked 恶棍似的，流氓似的；罪恶的，堕落的 2 colloq.  abominably bad; atrocious [口]极坏的；凶残的；恶劣的  villainous weather  恶劣天气 □ villainously  adv.  □ villainousness  n.  

villainy /ˈviləni/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  villainous behaviour 罪恶行为；堕落行为 2  a wicked act 邪恶；恶行 [Old French vilenie (as VILLAIN)]

villanelle /viləˈnel/ n.  a usu. pastoral or lyrical poem of 19 lines, with only two rhymes throughout, and some lines repeated 维拉内拉诗(法国的一种十九行诗，通常为田园诗或抒情诗，全诗只有两韵，其中一些诗句反复出现) [French from Italian villanella, fem. of villanello ‘rural’, diminutive of villano (as VILLAIN)]

-ville /vil/ comb. form colloq.  forming the names of fictitious places with reference to a particular quality etc. (dragsville 德拉哥斯镇(乏味的); squaresville 斯戈尔斯镇(守旧的)) [构词成分] [口] (根据所具的某一特性等虚构的地名)表示“城”，“镇”，“市” [French ville ‘town’, as in many US town-names]

villein /ˈvilən, -ein/ n. hist.  a feudal tenant entirely subject to a lord or attached to a manor [史义]隶农，农奴(完全依附于封建领主或其领地的佃户) [Middle English, variant of VILLAIN]

villeinage /ˈvilənidʒ, -lein-/ n. hist.  the tenure or status of a villein [史义]隶农制，隶农土地使用期限；隶农身份

villus /ˈviləs/ n. (pl. villi /-lai, -li:/)  1 Anat.  a small hairlike or finger-like projection, esp. as lining the small intestine in large numbers to form the surface through which nutrients are absorbed into the blood 【解】绒毛；纤毛 2 Bot. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a long slender hair 【植】长柔毛 □ villiform  adj.  □ villose  adj.  □ villosity  /-ˈlɒsiti/ n.  □ villous  adj.   [Latin, = shaggy hair]

vim /vim/ n. colloq.  vigour [口]力量；活力，精力 [perhaps from Latin, accusative of vis ‘energy’]

vimineous /viˈminiəs/ adj. Bot.  of or producing twigs or shoots 【植】(产)柔韧长枝条的；柔韧长枝条状的 [Latin vimineus from vimen viminis ‘osier’]

vina /ˈvi:nə/ n.  an Indian four-stringed musical instrument with a fretted fingerboard and a gourd at each end 维那琴(指印度的一种四弦乐器，两头各有一个装品的指板和一个葫芦状部件) [Sanskrit & Hindi vinɑˉ]

vinaceous /vaiˈneiʃəs/ adj.  of the reddish colour of wine; wine red 葡萄酒色的；红色的 [Latin vinaceus from vinum ‘wine’]

vinaigrette /vineiˈɡret, vini-/ n.  1 (in full 全称 vinaigrette sauce)  a salad dressing of oil, wine vinegar, and seasoning 醋油沙司(一种用油、酒醋、香料调成的色拉调料) 2  a small ornamental bottle for holding smelling salts 嗅盐饰瓶； [French, diminutive of vinaigre VINEGAR]

vinca /ˈviŋkə/ n.  a plant of (or formerly of) the genus Vinca, including Catharanthus roseus, the source of several alkaloids used to treat cancer; a periwinkle 长春蔓；长春花(内含几种生物碱，可用于治疗癌症) [modern Latin, from late Latin pervinca ‘periwinkle’]

Vince /vins/   文斯 [人名]

Vincent /ˈvinsənt/   文森特 [人名]

vincible /ˈvinsib(ə)l/ adj. literary  that can be overcome or conquered [文学用语]可克服的，可征服的 □ vincibility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.   [Latin vincibilis from vincere ‘overcome’]

vinculum /ˈviŋkjʊləm/ n. (pl. vincula /-lə/)  1 Algebra  a horizontal line drawn over a group of terms to show they have a common relation to what follows or precedes 【代数】线括(号) 2 Anat.  a ligament; a fraenum 【解】纽；系带 [Latin, = bond, from vincire ‘bind’]

vindaloo /vindəˈlu:/ n.  a highly-spiced hot Indian curry dish made with meat, fish, or poultry (印度一种用重调料烹制的)咖喱肉(鱼或鸡) [probably from Portuguese vin d'alho ‘wine and garlic (sauce) ’, from vinho ‘wine’ + alho ‘garlic’]

vindicate /ˈvindikeit/ v. tr.  1  clear of blame or suspicion 澄清(责难或嫌疑)，证明…无辜(或无罪) 2  establish the existence, merits, or justice of (one's courage, conduct, assertion, etc.) 证明(某人的勇气、行为、主张等)真实、有价值或正当；维护，保护 3  justify (a person, oneself, etc.) by evidence or argument 为(自己或他人)辩护或辩白 □ vindicable  /-kəb(ə)l/ adj.  □ vindication  /-ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vindicative  /-kətiv/ adj.  □ vindicator  n.   [Latin vindicare ‘claim, avenge’ from vindex -dicis ‘claimant, avenger’]

vindicatory /ˈvindikeit(ə)ri/ adj.  1  tending to vindicate 起证明作用的，证明正当的；维护的，保护的；辩护的 2 (of laws) punitive (指法律)惩罚的；惩罚性的

vindictive /vinˈdiktiv/ adj.  1  tending to seek revenge 想报仇的；报复性的 2  spiteful 怀恨的，恶意的 □ vindictively  adv.  □ vindictiveness  n.   [Latin vindicta ‘vengeance’ (as VINDICATE)]

vindictive damages n. pl. esp. Brit. Law  damages exceeding simple compensation and awarded to punish the defendant [尤英]【法律】(为惩罚被告使其赔偿高于损失的)惩罚性损失赔偿

vine /vain/ n.  1  any climbing or trailing woody-stemmed plant, esp. of the genus Vitis, bearing grapes 藤本植物；葡萄 2  a slender trailing or climbing stem 藤，藤蔓 □ viny  adj.   [Middle English via Old French vi(g)ne from Latin vinea ‘vineyard’, from vinum ‘wine’]

vine-dresser n.  a person who prunes, trains, and cultivates vines 葡萄园艺工，葡萄整枝工

vinegar /ˈviniɡə/ n.  1  a sour liquid obtained from wine, cider, etc., by fermentation and used as a condiment or for pickling 醋 2  sour behaviour or character 尖酸刻薄的行为或性格 □ vinegarish  adj.  □ vinegary  adj.   [Middle English from Old French vyn egre, ultimately from Latin vinum ‘wine’ + acer, acre ‘sour’]

vinery /ˈvain(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a greenhouse for grapevines 葡萄温室 2  a vineyard 葡萄园

vineyard /ˈvinjɑ:d, -jəd/ n.  1  a plantation of grapevines, esp. for wine-making (尤指种植酿酒葡萄的)葡萄园 2 Bibl.  a sphere of action or labour (see 见 Matt. 20:1) 【圣经】工作场所，活动领域 [Middle English, from VINE + YARD2]

vingt-et-un /vænteiˈɜ:, 法 vɛteœ˜/ n.  = PONTOON1  [French, = twenty-one]

vinho verde /ˈvi:nəʊ ˈvɜ:di/ n.  a young Portuguese wine, not allowed to mature 葡萄牙生酒 [Portuguese, = green wine]

vini- /ˈvini/ comb. form  wine [构词成份]葡萄酒 [Latin vinum]

viniculture /ˈvinikʌltʃə/ n.  the cultivation of grapevines 酿酒葡萄栽培(业) □ vinicultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ viniculturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.  

vinification /ˌvinifiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  the conversion of grape juice etc. into wine 葡萄酒酿造法 □ vinify  /ˈvinifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  

vining /ˈvainiŋ/ n.  the separation of leguminous crops from their vines and pods (指豆类作物从藤蔓和豆荚上)脱离；脱荚

vino /ˈvi:nəʊ/ n. esp. Brit. slang  wine, esp. of an inferior kind [尤英] [俚语]葡萄酒；(尤指)廉价酒 [Spanish & Italian, = wine]

vin ordinaire /ˌvæn ɔ:diˈnɛə, 法 vɛ˜ ɔrdinɛr/ n.  cheap (usu. red) wine for everyday use 家常酒，廉价葡萄酒(通常为红色) [French, = ordinary wine]

vinous /ˈvainəs/ adj.  1  of, like, or associated with wine (似)酒的；有酒味的 2  addicted to wine 爱酒的；嗜酒的 □ vinosity  /-ˈnɒsiti/ n.   [Latin vinum ‘wine’]

vin rosé /væn rəʊˈzei, 法 vɛ˜ roze/ n.  = ROSÉ  [French]

vint1 /vint/ v. tr.  make (wine) 酿(酒) [back-formation from VINTAGE]

vint2 /vint/ n.  a Russian card game like auction bridge 俄罗斯桥牌(类似竞叫桥牌) [Russian, = screw]

vintage /ˈvintidʒ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  a season's produce of grapes (指一季的)葡萄收成b  the wine made from this 一季的葡萄所酿的酒 2  a  the gathering of grapes for wine-making 采收葡萄酿酒b  the season of this 采收葡萄酿酒的季节 3  a wine of high quality from a single identified year and district (指标明年份和产地的)佳酿 4  a  the year etc. when a thing was made etc. (指某物的)生产年代b  a thing made etc. in a particular year etc. (指某一年代)生产的事物 5 poet. or literary  wine [诗] [文学用语]酒；葡萄酒 ●adj.  1  of high quality, esp. from the past or characteristic of the best period of a person's work 高质量的；(尤指过去的作品)经典的，具有代表性的，最佳的 2  of a past season 过时的；老式的 [alteration (influenced by VINTNER) of Middle English vendage, vindage, via Old French vendange from Latin vindemia, from vinum ‘wine’ + demere ‘remove’]

vintage car n. Brit.  a car made between 1917 and 1930 [英] (指 1917 年至 1930 年间制造的)老式汽车

vintage festival n.  a carnival to celebrate the beginning of the vintage 葡萄酒节

vintager /ˈvintidʒə/ n.  a grape-gatherer 葡萄采收者

vintner /ˈvintnə/ n.  a wine-merchant 葡萄酒商 [Middle English via Anglo-Latin vintenarius, vinetarius and Anglo-French vineter, Old French vinetier from medieval Latin vinetarius, via Latin vinetum ‘vineyard’ from vinum ‘wine’]

viny  see 见 VINE 

vinyl /ˈvainil, ˈvain(ə)l/ n.  1 Chem.  the radical -CH:CH2, derived from ethylene by removal of a hydrogen atom 【化】乙烯基 usu. 通常作 attrib.: vinyl group  乙烯基 2  any plastic made by polymerizing a compound containing the vinyl group, esp. polyvinyl chloride 聚乙烯基织物(或薄膜) 3  a  a gramophone record 留声机唱片b  gramophone records collectively (总称)留声机唱片 [Latin vinum ‘wine’ + -YL]

viol /ˈvaiəl/ n.  a medieval stringed musical instrument, played with a bow and held vertically on the knees or between the legs (中世纪的) (六弦)提琴 [Middle English viel etc. via Old French viel(l)e, alteration of viole, from Provençal viola, viula, probably ultimately from Latin vitulari ‘be joyful’: cf. FIDDLE]

Viola /ˈvaiələ/   维奥拉 [人名]

viola1 /viˈəʊlə/ n.  1  a  an instrument of the violin family, larger than the violin and of lower pitch 中提琴b  a viola-player 中提琴演奏者 2  a viol (六弦)提琴 [Italian & Spanish, probably from Provençal: see VIOL]

viola2 /ˈvaiələ/ n.  1  any plant of the genus Viola, including the pansy and violet 堇菜；簇生堇菜(包括三色堇和紫罗兰) 2  a cultivated hybrid of this genus (指一种人工培育的)堇菜杂交品种 [Latin, = violet]

violaceous /vaiəˈleiʃəs/ adj.  1  of a violet colour 紫罗兰色的 2 Bot.  of the violet family Violaceae 【植】堇菜的；堇菜科的 [Latin violaceus (as VIOLA2)]

viola da braccio /viˌəʊlə də ˈbrɑ:tʃəʊ/ n.  a viol corresponding to the modern viola 古中提琴 [Italian, = viol for the arm]

viola da gamba /viˌəʊlə də ˈɡæmbə/ n.  a viol held between the player's legs, esp. one corresponding to the modern cello 古大提琴；膝琴(同现代的大提琴相对应) [Italian, = viol for the leg]

viola d'amore /viˌəʊlə dæˈmɔ:rei/ n.  a sweet-toned tenor viol 古(中)提琴(音色甜美) [Italian, = viol of love]

violate /ˈvaiəleit/ v. tr.  1  disregard; fail to comply with (an oath, treaty, law, etc.) 违反，违背(誓言、条约、法律等) 2  treat (a sanctuary etc.) profanely or with disrespect 亵渎；玷污，污辱 3  break in upon, disturb (a person's privacy etc.) 侵犯；妨碍，打扰(某人的私生活等) 4  assault sexually; rape 猥亵，强奸 □ violable  adj.  □ violation  /-ˈleiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ violator  n.   [Middle English from Latin violare ‘treat violently’]

violence /ˈvaiəl(ə)ns/ n.  1  the quality of being violent 猛烈，剧烈；强烈；猛劲，猛力 2  violent conduct or treatment; outrage, injury 暴行；残暴，暴虐；残害，侵害 3 Law 【法律】  a  the unlawful exercise of physical force 非法暴力，强暴b  intimidation by the exhibition of this 非法暴力威吓 □ do violence to   act contrary to; outrage 违犯；违背；冒犯；触怒 [Middle English via Old French from Latin violentia (as VIOLENT)]

violent /ˈvaiəl(ə)nt/ adj.  1  a  using or tending to use aggressive physical force 使用暴力的，有暴力倾向的  a violent person  暴徒b  involving physical force 猛烈的，剧烈的，强烈的  a violent storm  暴风雨 2  a  vehement, passionate, extreme (感情)狂热的，强烈的；激昂的；极端的，极度的  a violent contrast  强烈的对比，反差极大 violent dislike  极不喜欢，极其讨厌b  vivid, intense 鲜艳的，鲜明的；热烈的  violent colours  明快的色彩 3 (of death) resulting from external force or from poison (cf. 参见 NATURAL adj. 2) (指死亡) (由于外力或中毒等原因)暴力(造成)的，非自然的 4  involving an unlawful exercise of force (非法)暴力行为的  laid violent hands on him  把他毒打了一顿 □ violently  adv.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin violentus]

Violet /ˈvaiəlit/   瓦奥莱特 [人名]

violet /ˈvaiələt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a  any plant of the genus Viola, esp. the sweet violet, with usu. purple, blue, or white flowers 堇菜属植物；(尤指)紫罗兰b  any of various plants resembling the sweet violet 类似紫罗兰的植物 2  the bluish-purple colour seen at the end of the spectrum opposite red 蓝紫色 3  a  pigment of this colour 紫罗兰色；紫色颜料b  clothes or material of this colour 紫色衣服；紫色衣料 ●adj.  of a purplish-blue colour 紫色的，紫罗兰色的 [Middle English from Old French violet(te), diminutive of viole, from Latin VIOLA2]

violin /vaiəˈlin, ˈvaiəlin/ n.  1  a musical instrument with four strings of treble pitch played with a bow 小提琴 2  a violin-player 小提琴手，小提琴演奏者 □ violinist  n.   [Italian violino, diminutive of VIOLA1]

violist /ˈvaiəlist/ n.  a viol-player or viola-player 中提琴手，中提琴演奏者；(中世纪的)六弦提琴演奏者

violoncello /vaiələnˈtʃeləʊ, vi:ə-/ n. (pl. -os) formal [正式]  = CELLO  □ violoncellist  n.   [Italian, diminutive of VIOLONE]

violone /viəˈləʊni/ n.  a double bass viol 低音提琴 [Italian, augmentative of VIOLA1]

VIP abbr.  very important person [缩略]非常重要的人物，要人，大人物

viper /ˈvaipə/ n.  1  any venomous snake of the family Viperidae, esp. the common viper (see 见 ADDER) 响尾科毒蛇；(尤指)蝰蛇 2  a malignant or treacherous person 险恶狠毒的人，毒如蛇蝎的人 □ viper in one's bosom   a person who betrays those who have helped him or her 忘恩负义的人，过河拆桥的人□ viperine  /-rain/ adj.  □ viperish  adj.  □ viper-like  adj.  □ viperous  adj.   [French vipère or Latin vipera, from vivus ‘alive’ + parere ‘bring forth’]

viper's bugloss n.  a stiff bristly blue-flowered plant, Echium vulgare 蓝蓟(一种开蓝色花的植物)

viper's grass n.  scorzonera 雅葱；细卷雅葱

virago /viˈrɑ:ɡəʊ, -ˈreiɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a fierce or abusive woman 悍妇，泼妇 2 archaic  a woman of masculine strength or spirit [古义]魁梧而有男子气的女子 [Old English from Latin, = female warrior, from vir ‘man’]

viral /ˈvair(ə)l/ adj.  of or caused by a virus 病毒(性)的；病毒引起的 □ virally  adv.  

virelay /ˈvirəlei/ n.  a short (esp. old French) lyric poem with two rhymes to a stanza variously arranged 双韵短诗(中世纪法国的一种抒情诗) [Middle English from Old French virelai]

virement /ˈvaiəm(ə)nt, ˈviəmɑ˜/ n. Brit.  the transfer of items from one financial account to another [英]转账；分配 [French from virer ‘to turn’: see VEER1]

vireo /ˈviriəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  any small American songbird of the family Vireonidae (美洲)绿鹃 [Latin, perhaps = greenfinch]

virescence /viˈres(ə)ns/ n.  1  greenness 变绿；绿色 2  abnormal greenness in petals etc. normally of some bright colour (花瓣等的)异常变绿(本应呈比较鲜艳的色彩) □ virescent  adj.   [Latin virescere, inceptive of virēre ‘be green’]

virga /ˈvɜ:ɡə/ n. Meteorol. (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  streaks of rain etc. appearing to hang under a cloud and evaporating before reaching the ground 【气】雨幡 [Latin, = rod, stripe]

virgate1 /ˈvɜ:ɡət/ adj. Bot. & Zool.  slim, straight, and erect 【植】【动】棒状的；多直细枝的，帚状的 [Latin virgatus from virga ‘rod’]

virgate2 /ˈvɜ:ɡət/ n. Brit. hist.  a varying measure of land, esp. 30 acres [英史义]威尔格(土地丈量单位，尤指 30 英亩) [medieval Latin virgata (rendering Old English gierd-land ‘yard-land’) from Latin virga ‘rod’]

virger var.  of VERGER  VERGER 的变体

Virgilian /vəˈdʒiliən/ adj.  of, or in the style of, the Roman poet Virgil (d. 19 BC) (指卒于公元前 19 年的古罗马诗人)维吉尔的；维吉尔风格的 [Latin Vergilianus from P. Vergilius Maro, the full name of Virgil]

virgin /ˈvɜ:dʒin/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a person (esp. a woman) who has never had sexual intercourse 未发生过性行为的人；(尤指)处女 2  a (作 the Virgin)  Christ's mother the Blessed Virgin Mary 圣母玛利亚(基督之母)b  a picture or statue of the Virgin 圣母玛利亚画像(或雕像) 3 (作 the Virgin)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Virgo (指占星术中的)室女座，室女宫(黄道十二宫的第六宫) 4 colloq.  a naive, innocent, or inexperienced person [口]天真的人，纯真的人，无经验的人  a political virgin  无政治头脑的人 5  a member of any order of women under a vow to remain virgins 贞女 6  a female insect producing eggs without impregnation 单性生殖雌虫 ●adj.  1  that is a virgin 处女的；童贞的，贞洁的 2  of or befitting a virgin 纯洁的，圣洁的  virgin modesty  圣洁，端庄 3  not yet used, penetrated, or tried 未经使用的；未开发的  virgin soil  未开垦的处女地 4  undefiled, spotless 未污染的，未玷污的；无瑕的 5 (of olive oil etc.) obtained from the first pressing of olives etc. (指橄榄油等)初榨的；直馏的 6 (of clay) not fired (指黏土)未烧制的 7 (of metal) made from ore by smelting (指金属)从矿石提取的，原生的 8 (of wool) not yet, or only once, spun or woven (指羊毛)未加工的；仅纺过一次的 9 (of an insect) producing eggs without impregnation (指昆虫)单性生殖的，未受精而产卵的 □ virginhood  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French virgine from Latin virgo -ginis]

virginal /ˈvɜ:dʒin(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  that is or befits or belongs to a virgin 处女(般)的；有处女特点的；贞洁的；新鲜的；纯洁的；没有玷污的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) (in full 全称 pair of virginals)  an early form of spinet in a box, used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 维金纳琴 (16 世纪至 17 世纪一种古钢琴类乐器) □ virginalist  n.  □ virginally  adv.   [Middle English from Old French virginal or Latin virginalis (as VIRGIN): the name of the instrument perhaps because of its use by young women]

virgin birth n.  1 (the doctrine of) Christ's birth from a mother who was a virgin 童贞女之子(一种基督教教派的信条，认为耶稣基督由童贞女玛利亚受圣灵感孕而生) 2  parthenogenesis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖

virgin comb n.  a honeycomb that has been used only once for honey and never for brood 新蜂巢(指只贮过一次蜜而未育过幼虫的蜂巢)

virgin forest n.  a forest in its untouched natural state 原始森林

virgin honey n.  honey taken from a virgin comb, or drained from the comb without heat or pressure 新巢蜜；未经加热或加压的自然流出的蜜

Virginia /vəˈdʒiniə/ n.  1  tobacco from Virginia 弗吉尼亚烟叶 2  a cigarette made of this 弗吉尼亚香烟 □ Virginian  n. & adj.   [Virginia, a state in US]

Virginia creeper n.  a N. American vine, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, cultivated esp. for its red autumn foliage 五叶地锦(北美洲的一种藤生植物，尤用其秋天的红叶)

Virginia reel n. N. Amer.  a country dance [北美]弗吉尼亚里尔舞

Virginia stock n. (also 亦作 Virginian stock)  a cruciferous plant, Malcolmia maritima, with white or pink flowers 弗吉尼亚紫罗兰(十字花科植物，开白色或粉色花)

virginity /vəˈdʒiniti/ n.  the state of being a virgin 处女状态，贞洁，童贞 [Old French virginité from Latin virginitas (as VIRGIN)]

virgin queen n.  1  an unfertilized queen bee 未受精蜂王 2 (作 the Virgin Queen)  Queen Elizabeth I of England 童贞女王(指英女王伊丽莎白一世)

virgin's bower n.  a clematis, esp. the American Clematis virginiana 铁线莲(尤指美国弗吉尼亚铁线莲)

Virgo /ˈvɜ:ɡəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1 Astron.  a large constellation (the Virgin), said to represent a maiden or goddess associated with the harvest 【天】室女(星)座 2 Astrol. 【占】  a  the sixth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 23 Aug. 室女宫(黄道十二宫的第六宫，太阳在 8 月 23 日前后进入此宫)b  a person born when the sun is in this sign 出生于室女宫时段的人 □ Virgoan  n. & adj.   [Old English from Latin, = virgin]

virgule /ˈvɜ:ɡju:l/ n.  1  a slanting line used to mark division of words or lines 斜线号 2  = SOLIDUS 1  [French, = comma, from Latin virgula, diminutive of virga ‘rod’]

viridescent /viriˈdes(ə)nt/ adj.  greenish, tending to become green 浅绿色的，变绿的 □ viridescence  n.   [Late Latin viridescere from Latin viridis: see VIRIDIAN]

viridian /viˈridiən/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a bluish-green chromium oxide pigment 铬绿(一种水合氧化铬的青绿色颜料) 2  the colour of this 绿色，青绿 ●adj.  bluish green 蓝绿色的，青绿的 [Latin viridis ‘green’ from virēre ‘be green’]

viridity /viˈriditi/ n. literary  greenness, verdancy [文学用语]绿色，新绿，嫩绿 [Middle English from Old French viridité or Latin viriditas, from viridis: see VIRIDIAN]

virile /ˈvirail/ adj.  1  of or characteristic of a man; having masculine (esp. sexual) vigour or strength 有男子特点的；有男子气概的；阳刚的；(尤指)性机能强的 2  of or having procreative power 有男性生殖力的 3  of a man as distinct from a woman or child 男子的；成年男子的 □ virility  /viˈriliti/ n.   [Middle English from French viril or Latin virilis, from vir ‘man’]

virilism /ˈviriliz(ə)m/ n. Med.  the development of secondary male characteristics in a female or precociously in a male 【医】男性化，男性化特征(指女子出现男性第二特征或男子性早熟)

viroid /ˈvairɔid/ n.  an infectious entity affecting plants, similar to a virus but smaller and consisting only of nucleic acid without a protein coat (指植物致病的)类病毒

virology /vaiˈrɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of viruses 病毒学 □ virological  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ virologically  /-rəˈlɒdʒik(ə)li/ adv.  □ virologist  n.  

virtu /vɜ:ˈtu:/ n. (also 亦作 vertu)  1  a  a knowledge of or expertise in the fine arts 艺术品方面的知识或专门技能；古董癖b  curios or objets d'art collectively (总称)艺术品；古董 2  the usu. moral worth inherent in a person or thing (人或事物固有的)价值(通常指精神上的价值) [Italian virtù ‘VIRTUE, virtu’]

virtual /ˈvɜ:tjʊəl/ adj.  1  that is such for practical purposes though not in name or according to strict definition (名义上或从严格意义上说不是但)实际上起作用的；事实上的；实质的  is the virtual manager of the business  公司的实际当家人 take this as a virtual promise  将其作为事实上的允诺 2 Optics  relating to the points at which rays would meet if produced backwards 【光学】虚的  virtual focus  虚焦点 virtual image  虚像 3 Mech.  relating to an infinitesimal displacement of a point in a system 【机】虚位移的 4 Computing  not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so (see also 另见 VIRTUAL REALITY) 【计算】虚拟的  virtual memory  虚拟存储器 □ virtuality  /-jʊˈæliti/ n.   [Middle English from medieval Latin virtualis, from Latin virtus suggested by Late Latin virtuosus]

virtually /ˈvɜ:tjʊəli/ adv.  1  in effect, to all intents 实际上，事实上 2  nearly, almost 差不多，几乎

virtual reality n.  an image or environment generated by computer software with which a user can interact realistically using a helmet with a screen inside, gloves fitted with sensors, etc. 虚拟现实(计算机软件虚拟的形象或环境，用户可利用一个带屏幕的头盔，有传感器的手套等如身临其境一般在里面活动)

virtue /ˈvɜ:tju:, -tʃu:/ n.  1  moral excellence; uprightness, goodness 高尚的品德；正直的品行；美德 2  a particular form of this 美德，德行  patience is a virtue  耐心是一种美德 3  chastity, esp. of a woman (尤指女子的)贞操，贞节 4  a good quality 优点，长处  has the virtue of being adjustable  优点是适应性强 5  efficacy; inherent power (内在的)效力，功效  no virtue in such drugs  这类药无效 6  an angelic being of the seventh order of the celestial hierarchy (see 见 ORDER n. 19) 道德天使(九级天使中的第七级) □ by (or in) virtue of   on the strength or ground of 借助，凭借；因为(某一优势或理由)  got the job by virtue of his experience  因为有经验而得到了这份工作□ make a virtue of necessity   derive some credit or benefit from an unwelcome obligation 不得已而为之反而获得荣誉或好处□ virtueless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French vertu from Latin virtus -tutis, from vir ‘man’]

virtuoso /vɜ:tjʊˈəʊsəʊ, -zəʊ/ n. (pl. virtuosi /-i:/ or -os)  1  a  a person highly skilled in the technique of a fine art, esp. music (尤指音乐方面的)名家，大师；艺术名家，艺术能手，行家里手b (作 attrib.)  displaying the skills of a virtuoso 行家里手的；大师的 2  a person with a special knowledge of or taste for works of art or virtu 艺术品鉴赏家；古董研究者 □ virtuosic  /-ˈɒsik/ adj.  □ virtuosity  /-ˈɒsiti/ n.  □ virtuosoship  n.   [Italian, = learned, skilful, from Late Latin (as VIRTUOUS)]

virtuous /ˈvɜ:tjʊəs, -tʃʊəs/ adj.  1  possessing or showing moral rectitude 道德高尚的；品性正直的；有德性的 2 (esp. of a woman) chaste (尤指女子)贞节的，有操守的 □ virtuously  adv.  □ virtuousness  n.   [Middle English via Old French vertuous from Late Latin virtuosus, from virtus VIRTUE]

virtuous circle n.  a beneficial recurring cycle of cause and effect (cf. 参见 vicious circle (CIRCLE n. 12)) 良性循环

virulent /ˈvirʊl(ə)nt, ˈvirjʊ-/ adj.  1  strongly poisonous 剧毒的，致命的 2 (of a disease) violent or malignant (指疾病)恶性的 3  bitterly hostile 恶意的，仇恨的；恶毒的，狠毒的  virulent animosity  刻骨仇恨 virulent abuse  恶毒的咒骂 □ virulence  n.  □ virulently  adv.   [Middle English, originally of a poisoned wound, from Latin virulentus (as VIRUS)]

virus /ˈvairəs/ n.  1  a submicroscopic infective agent usu. consisting of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, and able to multiply only within the living cells of a host 病毒；滤过性病毒 2 Computing 【计算】  = COMPUTER VIRUS  3 archaic  a poison, a source of disease [古义]毒药；病毒源 4  a harmful or corrupting influence 毒害，有害影响 [Latin, = slimy liquid, poison]

Vis. abbr. [缩略]  Viscount 

visa /ˈvi:zə/ n. & v. ●n.  an endorsement on a passport etc. showing that it has been found correct, esp. as allowing the holder to enter or leave a country (指护照等的)签证，背签 ●v. tr. (visas, visaed /-zəd/ or visa'd, visaing)  mark with a visa (指在护照上)背签，签发 [French from Latin visa, neut. pl. past part. of vidēre ‘see’]

visage /ˈvizidʒ/ n. literary  a face, a countenance [文学用语]面容；面部表情 □ visaged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  面容的，外表的 [Middle English via Old French from Latin visus ‘sight’ (as VISA)]

Visc. abbr. [缩略]  Viscount 

viscacha /viˈskætʃə/ n. (also 亦作 vizcacha /viˈzk-/)  any large S. American burrowing rodent of the genus Lagidium or Lagostomus, related to the chinchilla 兔鼠(南美地区啮齿类动物，体型大，穴居) [Spanish from Quechua Huiscacha]

viscera /ˈvis(ə)rə/ n. pl.  the organs in the main cavities of the body (e.g. heart, liver), esp. in the abdomen (e.g. the intestines) 内脏(如心、肝)，脏腑；(尤指)腹内器官(如肠) [Latin, pl. of viscus: see VISCUS]

visceral /ˈvis(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  1  of the viscera 内脏的，脏腑的；位于内脏的 2  relating to inward feelings rather than conscious reasoning 出自肺腑的，发自内心的 □ viscerally  adv.  

visceral nerve n.  a sympathetic nerve (see 见 SYMPATHETIC adj. 9) 脏神经

viscid /ˈvisid/ adj.  1  glutinous, sticky 黏稠的，黏质的 2  semi-fluid 半流体的 □ viscidity  /viˈsiditi/ n.   [Late Latin viscidus from Latin viscum ‘birdlime’]

viscometer /visˈkɒmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring the viscosity of liquids 黏度计 □ viscometric  /viskəˈmetrik/ adj.  □ viscometrically  /viskəˈmetrik(ə)li/ adv.  □ viscometry  n.   [variant of viscosimeter (as VISCOSITY, -METER)]

viscose /ˈviskəʊz, -kəʊs/ n.  1  a form of cellulose in a highly viscous state suitable for drawing into yarn 黏胶；黏胶纤维 2  rayon made from this 黏胶纤维丝 [Late Latin viscosus (as VISCOUS)]

viscosity /viˈskɒsiti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality or degree of being viscous 黏性；黏度 2 Physics 【物理学】  a (of a fluid) internal friction, the resistance to flow (指流体)黏滞度；黏滞性b  a quantity expressing this 黏性系数 □ viscosimeter  /-kəˈsimitə/ n.   [Middle English from Old French viscosité or medieval Latin viscositas (as VISCOUS)]

viscount /ˈvaikaʊnt/ n.  a British nobleman ranking between an earl and a baron 子爵(英国贵族爵位，介于伯爵和男爵之间) □ viscountcy  n. (pl. -ies)  □ viscountship  n.  □ viscounty  n. (pl. -ies)   [Middle English via Anglo-French viscounte, Old French vi(s)conte from medieval Latin vicecomes -mitis (as VICE-, COUNT2)]

viscountess /ˈvaikaʊntis/ n.  1  a viscount's wife or widow 子爵夫人(或遗孀) 2  a woman holding the rank of viscount in her own right 女子爵

viscous /ˈviskəs/ adj.  1  glutinous, sticky 黏稠的，黏质的 2  semi-fluid 半流体的 3 Physics  having a high viscosity; not flowing freely 【物理学】黏滞的；不流畅的，滞重的 □ viscously  adv.  □ viscousness  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French viscous or Late Latin viscosus (as VISCID)]

viscus /ˈviskəs/ n. (pl. viscera /ˈvis(ə)rə/) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  any of the soft internal organs of the body 内脏，脏腑 [Latin]

vise US var.  of VICE2 [美] VICE2 的变体

Vishnu /ˈviʃnu:/ n.  a Hindu god regarded by his worshippers as the supreme deity and saviour, by others as the second member of a triad with Brahma and Siva 毗瑟拏(印度教三主神之一，被其敬拜者视为至高神和救主，其他人认为其为三神之一，位列梵天和湿婆之间) □ Vishnuism  n.  □ Vishnuite  n. & adj.   [Sanskrit Visnu]

visibility /viziˈbiliti/ n.  1  the state of being visible 可见性；明显性 2  the range or possibility of vision as determined by the conditions of light and atmosphere 可见度，能见度；能见距离，视程  visibility was down to 50 yards  视程降至 50 码 [French visibilité or Late Latin visibilitas from Latin visibilis: see VISIBLE]

visible /ˈvizib(ə)l/ adj.  1  a  that can be seen by the eye 看得见的，可见的b (of light) within the range of wavelengths to which the eye is sensitive (指光)可见的 2  that can be perceived or ascertained; apparent, open 易觉察的；能确定的；引人注目的；明显的；公然的  has no visible means of support  没有明显的支持手段 spoke with visible impatience  显然不耐烦地说 3 (of exports etc.) consisting of actual goods (cf. 参见 INVISIBLE EXPORTS) (指出口等)有形的 □ visibleness  n.  □ visibly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French visible or Latin visibilis, from vidēre vis- ‘see’]

visible horizon  see 见 HORIZON 1b. 

Visigoth /ˈviziɡɒθ/ n.  a West Goth, a member of the branch of the Goths who settled in France and Spain in the 5th c. and ruled much of Spain until 711 西哥特人(指公元 5 世纪迁入法国和西班牙，并统治西班牙大部到公元 711 年的哥特族人) [Late Latin Visigothus: the first element possibly meaning ‘west’ (cf. OSTROGOTH)]

vision /ˈviʒ(ə)n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the act or faculty of seeing; sight 视力；视觉  has impaired his vision  损害了他的视力 2  a  a thing or person seen in a dream or trance 幻觉，幻影，幻像b  a supernatural or prophetic apparition 鬼怪，幽灵 3  a thing or idea perceived vividly in the imagination 想像，幻想  the romantic visions of youth  年轻人不切实际的幻想 had visions of warm sandy beaches  想像着暖洋洋的沙滩 4  imaginative insight 想像力，幻想力 5  statesmanlike foresight; sagacity in planning 远见；眼光；眼力 6  a person etc. of unusual beauty 极美的人(或事物) 7  what is seen on a television screen; television images collectively 电视图像 ●v. tr.  see or present in or as in a vision (好像)在梦幻中看见或出现；梦见；想像 □ visional  adj.  □ visionless  adj.   [Middle English via Old French from Latin visio -onis (as VISIBLE)]

visionary /ˈviʒ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  given to seeing visions or to indulging in fanciful theories 好幻想的；耽于幻想的 2  having vision or foresight 有眼力的；有预见的 3  existing only in a vision or in the imagination 幻觉的；幻想的；想像的 4  not practicable 不切实际的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a visionary person 好幻想的人；空想家 □ visionariness  n.  

vision mixer n. Brit.  a person whose job is to switch from one image to another in television broadcasting or recording [英]电视图像混合制作人 □ vision mixing  n.  

visit /ˈvizit/ v. & n. ●v. (visited, visiting)  1  a tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  go or come to see (a person, place, etc.) as an act of friendship or ceremony, on business or for a purpose, or from interest 访问，拜访；参观，游览b tr.  go or come to see for the purpose of official inspection, supervision, consultation, or correction 视察，巡查，巡视 2 tr.  reside temporarily with (a person) or at (a place) 在(某处)逗留作客；在(某处)短期逗留 3 intr.  be a visitor 访问，参观，逗留 4 tr. (of a disease, calamity, etc.) come upon, attack (指疾病、灾害等)侵袭，降临 5 tr. Bibl. 【圣经】  a (foll. by 后跟 with)  punish (a person) 惩罚(某人)b (often foll. by 常后跟 upon)  inflict punishment for (a sin) 追究(罪责)，惩罚 6 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with) N. Amer.  go to see (a person) esp. socially [北美]拜访(尤指社交拜访)b (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) US  converse, chat [美]叙谈，闲谈 7 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with) archaic  comfort, bless (with salvation etc.) [古义]安慰，安抚 ●n.  1  a  an act of visiting, a call on a person or at a place 拜访，访问，作客；参观，游览  was on a visit to some friends  拜访一些朋友 paid him a long visit  在他家长期做客b  temporary residence with a person or at a place 与某人(或在某地)暂住 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  an occasion of going to a doctor, dentist, etc. 就诊 3  a formal or official call for the purpose of inspection etc. 视察，巡查 4 US  a chat [美]谈话，闲谈 □ visitable  adj.   [Middle English from Old French visiter or Latin visitare ‘go to see’, frequentative of visare ‘view’ from vidēre vis- ‘see’: the noun perhaps from French visite]

visitant /ˈvizit(ə)nt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a visitor, esp. a supposedly supernatural one 来访者(尤指幽魂) 2  = VISITOR 2  ●adj. archaic or poet.  visiting [古义] [诗]访问的；来访的；到访的 [French visitant or Latin visitare (as VISIT)]

visitation /viziˈteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  an official visit of inspection, esp. a bishop's examination of a church in his diocese 视察，巡查(尤指主教对其教区教堂的视察) 2  trouble or difficulty regarded as a divine punishment 苦难；天罚 3 (作 Visitation)  a  the visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth related in Luke 1:39 － 56 圣母马利亚去见伊丽莎白(《圣经·路加福音》中有提及)b  the festival commemorating this on 2 July 圣母往见日 (7 月 2 日) 4 colloq.  an unduly protracted visit or social call [口]逗留过久的探望(或拜访) 5 N. Amer.  a divorced person's right to spend time with his or her children in the custody of a former spouse [北美] (离婚夫妻的一方对判给另一方的子女的)探视权 6  the boarding of a vessel belonging to another state to learn its character and purpose (指对他国船只的)登船检查 [Middle English from Old French visitation or Late Latin visitatio (as VISIT)]

visitatorial /ˌvizitəˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  of an official visitor or visitation 视察(者)的；巡查的；有权视察的，有权巡查的 [ultimately from Latin visitare (see VISIT)]

visiting /ˈvizitiŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  paying a visit or visits 参观，游览；访问，拜访，作客，逗留 ●attrib. adj. (of an academic) spending some time at another institution (指学术上)访问的，客座的  a visiting professor  客座教授

visiting card n. esp. Brit.  a card with a person's name etc., sent or left in lieu of a formal visit [尤英]名片

visiting fireman n. (pl. -men) US slang  a visitor given especially cordial treatment [美] [俚语]贵宾

visiting hours n. pl.  a designated time when visitors may call, esp. to see a patient in hospital etc. (尤指医院等的)接待时间，探视(病人)时间

visitor /ˈvizitə/ n.  1  a person who visits a person or place 参观者，游客；来访者，来客 2 esp. Brit.  a migratory bird present in a locality for part of the year [尤英]候鸟  winter visitor  冬候鸟 3 Brit. (in a college etc.) an official with the right or duty of occasionally inspecting and reporting [英] (指大学等的)督察员，督导 [Middle English from Anglo-French visitour, Old French visiteur (as VISIT)]

visitorial /viziˈtɔ:riəl/ adj.  of an official visitor or visitation 视察的，巡视的

visitors' book n. esp. Brit.  a book in which visitors to a hotel, church, embassy, etc., write their names and addresses and sometimes remarks [尤英]来客登记簿，来宾留言簿

visor /ˈvaizə/ n. (also 亦作 vizor)  1  a  a movable part of a helmet covering the face (指头盔上的)面甲，面罩，护面b hist.  a mask [史义]面具c  the projecting front part of a cap (指帽子上的)帽舌 2  a shield (fixed or movable) to protect the eyes from unwanted light, esp. one at the top of a vehicle windscreen 遮阳篷，(尤指汽车挡风玻璃上的)遮阳板 □ visored  adj.  □ visorless  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French viser, Old French visiere, from vis ‘face’ from Latin visus: see VISAGE]

vista /ˈvistə/ n.  1  a long narrow view as between rows of trees (指从两行树木之间看出去的)长条形景色，深景，远景 2  a mental view of a long succession of remembered or anticipated events (指对往事的)连绵回忆；(指对前景的)不断展望  opened up new vistas to his ambition  为他的雄伟抱负展现出了新的前景 □ vistaed  adj.   [Italian, = view, from visto ‘seen’, past part. of vedere ‘see’, from Latin vidēre]

visual /ˈviʒjʊəl, -zj-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, concerned with, or used in seeing 视力的，视觉的；用于视觉的 ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a visual image or display, a picture 画面，图像，照片 □ visuality  /-ʊˈæliti/ n.  □ visually  adv.   [Middle English via Late Latin visualis from Latin visus ‘sight’, from vidēre ‘see’]

visual aid n.  a film, model, etc., as an aid to learning (指电影、模型等)直观教具

visual angle n. Optics  the angle formed at the eye by rays from the extremities of an object viewed 【光学】视角

visual display unit n. esp. Brit. Computing  a device displaying data as characters on a screen and usu. incorporating a keyboard [尤英]【计算】视频显示器

visual field n.  = FIELD OF VISION 

visualize /ˈviʒjʊəlaiz, -zj-/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make visible, esp. to one's mind (a thing not visible to the eye) 使(眼睛不可见的事物)显现；(尤指)想像；设想 2  make visible to the eye 使可见，使具体化，使形象化，使直观化 □ visualizable  adj.  □ visualization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

visual purple n.  a light-sensitive pigment in the retina, rhodopsin 视紫红(质)，视网膜紫质

visual ray n. Optics  a line extended from an object to the eye 【光学】可视光线，可视射线

vis-à-vis /vi:zɑ:ˈvi:/ prep., adv. & n. ●prep.  1  in relation to 关于，对于 2  opposite to 同…相对；和…相比 ●adv.  facing one another 面对面地 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a person or thing facing another, esp. in some dances 面对面的人或物(尤指对舞者) 2  a person occupying a corresponding position in another group 相应地位的人，对等人物 3 US  a social partner [美]社交伙伴 [French, = face to face, from Old French vis ‘face’, from Latin (as VISAGE)]

vital /ˈvait(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  essential to the existence or functioning of a thing; essential to the matter in hand; indispensable; extremely important (对某事物的存在或运作)至关重要的；(对正在处理的事情)极为重要的，必需的；必不可少的；极为重要的  a vital question  极其重要的问题 secrecy is vital  保密至关重要b  paramount, very great 至关重要的，至上的，极其重要的  of vital importance  极为重要 2  of, concerned with, or essential to organic life (有)生命的；关系生命的；维持生命所必需的  vital energy  生命力 vital functions  生命机能 3  full of life or activity; lively 充满活力的，生气勃勃的 4 archaic  fatal to life or to success etc. [古义]致命的；生死存亡的，生死攸关的；事关成败的  a vital error  致命的错误 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  the body's vital organs, e.g. the heart and brain (指心、脑等维持生命的)重要器官 [Middle English via Old French from Latin vitalis, from vita ‘life’]

vital capacity n.  the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath 肺活量

vital force n.  1 (in H. Bergson's philosophy) life-force (指伯格森哲学中的)生命力 2  any mysterious vital principle (任何神秘的)生命力 [translation of French élan vital]

vitalism /ˈvait(ə)liz(ə)m/ n. Biol.  the doctrine that life originates in a vital principle distinct from chemical and other physical forces 【生】生机论(此论认为生命产生于化学和物理学均无法解释的生命力) □ vitalist  n.  □ vitalistic  /-ˈlistik/ adj.   [French vitalisme, or from VITAL]

vitality /vaiˈtæliti/ n.  1  liveliness, animation 生命力；生机，活力 2  the ability to sustain life, vital power 生存力 3 (of an institution, language, etc.) the ability to endure and to perform its functions (指制度、语言等的)持久力；活力 [Latin vitalitas (as VITAL)]

vitalize /ˈvait(ə)laiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  endow with life 赋予生命；给予…生命 2  infuse with vigour 使有生气，使增添活力；激发 □ vitalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

vitally /ˈvait(ə)li/ adv.  essentially, indispensably 必要地，必不可少地

vital power n.  the power to sustain life 生命力

vital statistics n. pl.  1  the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. 生命统计，人口动态统计(指对出生、婚姻、死亡情况等的统计) 2 colloq. offens.  the measurements of a woman's bust, waist, and hips [口] [冒犯]妇女形体尺寸，女子三围(指胸围、腰围、臀围)

vitamin /ˈvitəmin, ˈvait-/ n.  any of a group of organic compounds essential in small amounts for many living organisms to maintain normal health and development 维生素(有机化合物，对于生命有机体维持其正常的健康和发展必不可少) [originally vitamine, from Latin vita ‘life’ + AMINE, because originally thought to contain an amino acid]

vitamin A n.  = RETINOL 

vitamin B1 n.  = THIAMINE 

vitamin B12 n.  = CYANOCOBALAMIN 

vitamin B2 n.  = RIBOFLAVIN 

vitamin B6 n.  = PYRIDOXINE 

vitamin B complex n.  a group of vitamins which, although not chemically related, are often found together in the same foods 维生素 B 复合物

vitamin C n.  = ASCORBIC ACID 

vitamin D n.  any of a group of vitamins found in liver and fish oils, essential for the absorption of calcium and the prevention of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults 维生素 D (常见于肝和鱼油中，有利于钙质吸收，可防止儿童佝偻病和成人软骨病的一组维生素)

vitamin D2 n.  = CALCIFEROL 

vitamin D3 n.  = CHOLECALCIFEROL 

vitamin E n.  = TOCOPHEROL 

vitamin H n. esp. US [尤美]  = BIOTIN 

vitaminize /ˈvitəminaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  add vitamins to 在…中加维生素，给…补充维生素

vitamin K n.  any of a group of vitamins found mainly in green leaves and essential for the blood-clotting process 维生素 K (常见于绿叶中，有利于凝血的一组维生素)

vitamin K1 n.  = PHYLLOQUINONE 

vitamin K2 n.  = MENAQUINONE 

vitamin M n. esp. US [尤美]  = FOLIC ACID 

vitellin /viˈtelin, vai-/ n. Chem.  the chief protein constituent of the yolk of egg 【化】卵黄磷蛋白，卵黄素 [VITELLUS + -IN]

vitelline /viˈtelain, vai-, -lin/ adj.  of the vitellus 卵黄的；蛋黄的 [medieval Latin vitellinus (as VITELLUS)]

vitelline membrane n.  = YOLK-BAG 

vitellus /viˈteləs, vai-/ n. (pl. vitelli /-lai/)  1  the yolk of an egg 卵黄，蛋黄 2  the contents of the ovum 卵子 [Latin, = yolk]

vitiate /ˈviʃieit/ v. tr.  1  impair the quality or efficiency of; corrupt, debase, contaminate 使变质；使败坏；损坏；使腐败，堕落；污染 2  make invalid or ineffectual 使无效，使失效 □ vitiation  /-ˈeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vitiator  n.   [Latin vitiare from vitium VICE1]

viticulture /ˈvitikʌltʃə/ n.  the cultivation of grapevines; the science or study of this 葡萄栽培；葡萄栽培学 □ viticultural  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj.  □ viticulturist  /-ˈkʌltʃ(ə)rist/ n.   [Latin vitis ‘vine’ + CULTURE]

vitiligo /vitiˈlaiɡəʊ/ n. Med.  a condition in which the pigment is lost from areas of the skin, causing whitish patches 【医】白斑病，白癜风 [Latin, = tetter]

vitreous /ˈvitriəs/ adj.  1  of, or of the nature of, glass 玻璃的；玻璃质的；玻璃体的 2  like glass in hardness, brittleness, transparency, structure, etc. (指硬度、脆度、透明度、构成等)似玻璃的  vitreous enamel  釉瓷、玻化搪瓷 □ vitreousness  n.   [Latin vitreus from vitrum ‘glass’]

vitreous humour n. (also 亦作 vitreous body) Anat.  a transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball 【解】(指眼睛的)玻璃体

vitrescent /viˈtres(ə)nt/ adj.  tending to become glass 呈玻璃(态)的，呈玻璃(状)的；能变成玻璃的 □ vitrescence  n.  

vitriform /ˈvitrifɔ:m/ adj.  having the form or appearance of glass 呈玻璃状的；似玻璃的

vitrify /ˈvitrifai/ v. tr. & intr. (-ies, -ied)  convert or be converted into glass or a glasslike substance, esp. by heat (使)成玻璃，(使)玻璃化，(使)成玻璃状(尤指通过加热) □ vitrifaction  /-ˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vitrifiable  adj.  □ vitrification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French vitrifier or medieval Latin vitrificare (as VITREOUS)]

vitriol /ˈvitriəl/ n.  1  sulphuric acid or a sulphate, originally one of glassy appearance 硫酸；硫酸盐；矾 2  caustic or hostile speech, criticism, or feeling 尖酸刻薄或有敌意的言语、批评或感情 [Middle English from Old French vitriol or medieval Latin vitriolum, from Latin vitrum ‘glass’]

vitriolic /vitriˈɒlik/ adj. (of speech or criticism) caustic or hostile (指言语或批评)辛辣的，尖刻的；有敌意的

vitta /ˈvitə/ n. (pl. vittae /ˈviti:/)  1 Bot.  an oil-tube in the fruit of some plants 【植】(指某些植物果实的)油道 2 Zool.  a stripe of colour 【动】色条 □ vittate  adj.   [Latin, = band, chaplet]

vituperate /viˈtju:pəreit, vai-/ v. tr. & intr.  revile, abuse 辱骂；责骂 □ vituperation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vituperative  /-rətiv/ adj.  □ vituperator  n.   [Latin vituperare from vitium VICE1]

Viv /viv/   维维；维夫 [人名]

viva1 /ˈvaivə/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  = VIVA VOCEn.  ●v. tr. (vivas, vivaed /-vəd/ or viva'd, vivaing)  subject to an oral examination 口试 [abbreviation]

viva2 /ˈvi:və, 意 ˈviva/ int. & n. ●int.  long live 万岁 ●n.  a cry of this as a salute etc. “万岁”的叫声，欢呼声 [Italian, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of vivere ‘live’, from Latin]

vivace /viˈvɑ:tʃi/ adv. Mus.  in a lively brisk manner 【音】活泼轻快地 [Italian from Latin (as VIVACIOUS)]

vivacious /viˈveiʃəs, vai-/ adj.  lively, sprightly, animated 活泼的，轻快的，活跃的 □ vivaciously  adv.  □ vivaciousness  n.  □ vivacity  /viˈvæsiti, vai-/ n.   [Latin vivax -acis from vivere ‘to live’]

vivarium /vaiˈvɛəriəm, vi-/ n. (pl. vivaria /-riə/)  a place artificially prepared for keeping animals in (nearly) their natural state; an aquarium or terrarium (指模拟动物自然环境的)动物园；水族馆；陆地动物饲养场 [Latin, = warren, fish pond, via vivus ‘living’ from vivere ‘to live’]

vivat /ˈvaivæt, ˈvi:-/ int. & n.  = VIVA2  [Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of vivere ‘live’]

viva voce /vaivə ˈvəʊtʃi/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  oral 口头的 ●adv.  orally 口头上 ●n. Brit.  an oral examination for an academic qualification [英]口试 [medieval Latin, = with the living voice]

viverrid /viˈverid, vai-/ n. & adj. ●n.  any mammal of the family Viverridae, including civets, genets, and (in some classifications) mongooses 灵猫科动物(包括灵猫、麝猫，有的分类还包括獴) ●adj.  of or relating to this family 灵猫科的 [Latin viverra ‘ferret’ + -ID3]

vivers /ˈvaivəz/ n. pl. Sc.  food, victuals [苏格兰]粮食，食物 [French vivres from vivre ‘to live’, from Latin vivere]

Vivian /ˈviviən/   维维安 [人名]

vivid /ˈvivid/ adj.  1 (of light or colour) strong, intense, glaring (指光线或色彩)鲜艳的，鲜明的；强烈的；耀眼的  a vivid flash of lightning  闪电的强光 of a vivid green  鲜绿色的，碧绿色的 2 (of a mental faculty, impression, or description) clear, lively, graphic (指头脑、印象或描述)清晰的；生动的；逼真的  has a vivid imagination  活跃的想像力 have a vivid recollection of the scene  景象历历在目 3 (of a person) lively, vigorous (指人)活跃的，活泼的；生气勃勃的，充满活力的 □ vividly  adv.  □ vividness  n.   [Latin vividus from vivere ‘to live’]

Vivien /ˈviviən/   维维恩 [人名]

Vivienne /ˈviviən/   维维恩 [人名]

vivify /ˈvivifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  enliven, animate, make lively or living 使具有生气，使生气勃勃；使活跃，使生动 □ vivification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.   [French vivifier from Late Latin vivificare, via Latin vivus ‘living’ from vivere ‘to live’]

viviparous /viˈvip(ə)rəs, vai-/ adj.  1 Zool.  bringing forth young alive, not hatching them by means of eggs (cf. 参见 OVIPAROUS) 【动】胎生的 2 Bot.  producing bulbs or seeds that germinate while still attached to the parent plant 【植】球茎或种子在母株上萌发的 □ viviparity  /viviˈpæriti/ n.  □ viviparously  adv.  □ viviparousness  n.   [Latin viviparus from vivus: see VIVIFY]

vivisect /ˈvivisekt, viviˈsekt/ v. tr.  perform vivisection on (对…)作活体解剖 [back-formation from VIVISECTION]

vivisection /viviˈsekʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  dissection or other painful treatment of living animals for purposes of scientific research 活体解剖 2  unduly detailed or ruthless criticism 挑剔，吹毛求疵 □ vivisectional  adj.  □ vivisectionist  n.  □ vivisector  /ˈvivisektə/ n.   [Latin vivus ‘living’ (see VIVIFY), on the pattern of dissection]

vixen /ˈviks(ə)n/ n.  1  a female fox 雌狐 2  a spiteful or quarrelsome woman 悍妇，泼妇，刁妇 □ vixenish  adj.  □ vixenly  adj.   [Middle English fixen from Old English, fem. of FOX]

Viyella /vaiˈelə/ n. propr.  a fabric made from a twilled mixture of cotton and wool [商标]维耶勒法兰绒 [from Via Gellia, a valley in Derbyshire where it was first made]

viz. /viz, or by substitution 或读为 ˈneimli/ adv. (usu. introducing a gloss or explanation) namely; that is to say; in other words (通常引出注释或解释)即；也就是；换言之  came to a firm conclusion, viz. that we were right  得出肯定的结论，即我们是正确的 [abbreviation of VIDELICET, z being medieval Latin symbol for abbreviation of -et]

vizard /ˈvizəd/ n. archaic  a mask or disguise [古义]面甲，脸盔；面具 [VISOR + -ARD]

vizcacha var.  of VISCACHA  VISCACHA 的变体

vizier /viˈziə, ˈviziə/ n. hist.  a high official in some Muslim countries, esp. in Turkey under Ottoman rule [史义]维齐(某些伊斯兰国家，尤指奥斯曼帝国统治下的土耳其的高官或大臣) □ vizierate  /-rət/ n.  □ vizierial  /viˈziəriəl/ adj.  □ viziership  n.   [ultimately from Arabic wazīr ‘caliph's chief counsellor’]

vizor var.  of VISOR  VISOR 的变体

VJ abbr.  Victory over Japan (in 1945) [缩略] (1945 年)抗日战争胜利，对日作战胜利

VJ day n. 15 August, the day Japan ceased fighting in the Second World War, or 2 September, when Japan formally surrendered 抗日战争胜利日，对日作战胜利日(指 1945 年 8 月 15 日日本停战投降或 1945 年 9 月 2 日日本正式签字投降的日子)

Vlach /vlæk/ n. & adj. ●n.  a member of a people inhabiting Romania and parts of the former Soviet Union 瓦拉几人(指居住在罗马尼亚和前苏联部分地区的民族) ●adj.  of or relating to this people 瓦拉几人的 [Bulgarian from Old Church Slavonic Vlachuˇ ‘Romanian’ etc., from a Germanic word meaning ‘foreigner’]

Vladivostok /ˌvlædiˈvɒstɒk/ n.  符拉迪沃斯托克(中国传统称海参崴) [俄罗斯港市]

vlei /flei, vlai/ n. S. Afr.  a hollow in which water collects during the rainy season [南非] (指雨季积水形成的)大水塘 [Dutch dialect from Dutch vallei ‘valley’]

VLF abbr.  very low frequency (designating radio waves of frequency c. 3 － 30 kHz and wavelength c. 10 － 100 km) [缩略]甚低频(无线电波频率在 3 至 30 千赫，波长在 10 至 100 千米之间)

V-neck /vi:ˈnek, ˈvi:-/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1  a neck of a pullover etc. with straight sides meeting at an angle in the front to form a V (指毛衣等的) V 形领， V 字领 2  a garment with this V 形领外套

VO abbr. (in the UK) Royal Victorian Order [缩略] (英国)皇家维多利亚勋章

vocable /ˈvəʊkəb(ə)l/ n.  a word, esp. with reference to form rather than meaning (尤指只指其形而不指其意的)词，词外壳 [French vocable or Latin vocabulum from vocare ‘call’]

vocabulary /və(ʊ)ˈkæbjʊləri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the (principal) words used in a language or a particular book or branch of science etc. or by a particular author (指语言、书籍、学科或个人等所使用的) (主要)词汇，语汇；词汇量  scientific vocabulary  科技词汇 the vocabulary of Shakespeare  莎士比亚的语汇 2  a list of these, arranged alphabetically with definitions or translations (按字母顺序排列并注有释义或翻译的)词汇表；词汇汇编 3  the range of words known to an individual (指个人的)词汇量  his vocabulary is limited  他的词汇量有限 4  a set of artistic or stylistic forms or techniques, esp. a range of set movements in ballet etc. 表现形式或技法(指一套艺术形式、文体形式或技巧，尤指芭蕾舞等中的固定动作) [medieval Latin vocabularius, -um (as VOCABLE)]

vocal /ˈvəʊk(ə)l/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or concerned with or uttered by the voice 嗓音的；与嗓音有关的；用口语表达的，口述的  a vocal communication  口头交流 2  expressing one's feelings freely in speech 用言语自由表达感情的；畅所欲言的  was very vocal about his rights  他对应有的权利直言不讳 3 Phonet.  voiced 【语音】浊音的，声带振动的 4 poet. (of trees, water, etc.) endowed with a voice or a similar faculty [诗] (指树木、流水等)被赋予声音的，仿佛能说话的 5 (of music) written for or produced by the voice with or without accompaniment (cf. 参见 INSTRUMENTAL adj. 2) (指音乐)声乐的 ●n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  the sung part of a musical composition (指音乐作品的)歌唱部分，声乐部分；声乐节目 2  a musical performance with singing 声乐演唱会 □ vocality  /və(ʊ)ˈkæliti/ n.  □ vocally  adv.   [Middle English from Latin vocalis (as VOICE)]

vocal cords n. pl. (also 亦作 vocal folds)  folds of the lining membrane of the larynx near the opening of the glottis, with edges vibrating in the airstream to produce the voice 声带

vocalese /vəʊkəˈli:z/ n.  a style of singing in which singers put words to jazz tunes, esp. to previously improvised instrumental solos (see 见 SCAT2 n.) 拟声唱法(指歌手在爵士乐曲，尤其在即兴创作的独奏曲中加上歌词的声乐效果) [as VOCAL + -ESE]

vocalic /və(ʊ)ˈkælik/ adj.  of or consisting of a vowel or vowels 元音的；元音性的；似元音的

vocalise /vəʊkəˈli:z, ˈvəʊkəli:z/ n. Mus. 【音】  1  a singing exercise using individual syllables or vowel sounds (指用单音节或元音发声的)歌唱练习，练声 2  a vocal passage consisting of a melody without words (指包含曲调而无歌词的一节)声乐作品，练声曲 3 derog.  a technical vocal display [贬]发声；吊嗓子 [French, from vocaliser ‘to vocalize’]

vocalism /ˈvəʊk(ə)liz(ə)m/ n.  1  the use of the voice in speaking or singing 发音，发声(技巧) 2  a vowel sound or system 元音(系统)

vocalist /ˈvəʊk(ə)list/ n.  a singer, esp. of jazz or popular songs 歌唱者，歌唱家(尤指爵士乐或流行乐歌手)

vocalize /ˈvəʊk(ə)laiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  form (a sound) or utter (a word) with the voice 用嗓音发；使有声，使出声 2 intr.  utter a vocal sound 发声 3 tr.  articulate, express (清晰地)吐字，发音 4 tr.  write (Hebrew etc.) with vowel points 加元音(符号)于(希伯来语等语言文字)中 5 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Philol.  change (a consonant) to a semivowel or vowel 【语文】使(辅音)发成(半)元音；使元音化，使浊化 6 intr. Mus.  sing with several notes to one vowel 【音】练声 □ vocalization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vocalizer  n.  

vocal score n.  a musical score showing the voice parts in full, but with the accompaniment reduced or omitted 声乐钢琴缩编谱

vocation /və(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a strong feeling of fitness for a particular career or occupation (in religious contexts regarded as a divine call) (指认为适合从事某一事业或职业的)使命感；(宗教)神召，天命 2  a  a person's employment, esp. regarded as requiring dedication (尤指被视为需要奉献的)天职，使命b  a trade or profession 行业；职业 [Middle English from Old French vocation or Latin vocatio, from vocare ‘to call’]

vocational /və(ʊ)ˈkeiʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj.  1  of or relating to an occupation or employment 职业的，业务的 2 (of education or training) directed at a particular occupation and its skills (指教育或培训)针对某一职业及所需技能的，职业的 □ vocationalism  n.  □ vocationalize  v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  □ vocationally  adv.  

vocative /ˈvɒkətiv/ n. & adj. Gram. 【语法】  ●n.  the case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives used in addressing or invoking a person or thing 呼格；呼格词，呼唤语 ●adj.  of or in this case 称呼的，呼唤的；呼格的 [Middle English from Old French vocatif -ive or Latin vocativus, from vocare ‘to call’]

vociferate /və(ʊ)ˈsifəreit/ v.  1 tr.  utter (words etc.) noisily 大声说(出)；大声叫(出)；喧嚷着说(出) 2 intr.  shout, bawl 大叫，叫喊 □ vociferance  n.  □ vociferant  adj. & n.  □ vociferation  /-ˈreiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vociferator  n.   [Latin vociferari, from vox ‘voice’ + ferre ‘bear’]

vociferous /və(ʊ)ˈsif(ə)rəs/ adj.  1 (of a person, speech, etc.) noisy, clamorous (指人、讲话等)大声叫喊的；喧嚷的；叫嚣的 2  insistently and forcibly expressing one's views 大声疾呼的，坚持、强硬地表达自己观点的 □ vociferously  adv.  □ vociferousness  n.  

vocoder /vəʊˈkəʊdə/ n.  a synthesizer that produces sounds from an analysis of speech input 语音合成仪 [VOICE + CODE]

Vodafone /ˈvəʊdəfəʊn/ n. propr. [商标]  1  a cellular telephone system in the UK (英国)一种蜂窝式电话系统 2  a handset used in this system (此种)蜂窝式电话 [VOICE + DATA + fone representing PHONE1]

vodka /ˈvɒdkə/ n.  an originally Russian alcoholic spirit made by distillation of rye etc. 伏特加(一种原产于俄国用黑麦等酿制的烈性酒) [Russian, diminutive of voda ‘water’]

voe /vəʊ/ n.  a small bay or creek in Orkney or Shetland (指奥克尼或设得兰两地的)小湾，小海湾 [Norwegian vaag, Old Norse vɑˊgr]

vogue /vəʊɡ/ n.  1 (prec. by 前接 the)  the prevailing fashion 时尚，盛行的式样 2  popular use or currency 流行，风行  has had a great vogue  大为流行，风靡一时 □ in vogue   in fashion, generally current 正在流行，风行□ voguish  adj.   [French from Italian voga ‘rowing, fashion’, from vogare ‘row, go well’]

vogue word n.  a word currently fashionable 时髦词，时兴词

voice /vɔis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  sound formed in the larynx etc. and uttered by the mouth, esp. human utterance in speaking, shouting, singing, etc. 嗓音；(尤指)说话声，喊叫声，歌唱声  heard a voice  听见声音 spoke in a low voice  低声说话b  the ability to produce this 发声能力  has lost her voice  她嗓子倒了 2  a  the use of the voice; utterance, esp. in spoken or written words (esp. 尤用于 give voice 说出，表达) (尤指口头、书面的)发言，表达b  an opinion so expressed 意见c  the right to express an opinion 发言权；投票权  I have no voice in the matter  我对此事没有发言权d  an agency by which an opinion is expressed 喉舌；代言人 3 Gram.  a form or set of forms of a verb showing the relation of the subject to the action 【语法】(动词的)语态  active voice  主动语态 passive voice  被动语态 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a vocal part in a composition 声部b  a constituent part in a fugue 赋格曲的一个组成部分 5 Phonet.  sound uttered with resonance of the vocal cords, not with mere breath 【语音】浊音 6 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the supposed utterance of an invisible guiding or directing spirit (指幽灵的)声音 ●v. tr.  1  give utterance to; express 说(话)；发出(声音)；表达，吐露  the letter voices our opinion  这封信表达了我们的意见 2 (esp. as 尤作 voiced adj.) Phonet.  utter with vibration of the vocal cords (e.g. 如 b, d, g, v, z) 【语音】发浊音 3 Mus.  regulate the tone-quality of (organ pipes) 【音】给(管风琴)调音 □ in voice (or good voice)   in proper vocal condition for singing or speaking 嗓音好□ with one voice   unanimously 异口同声地□ -voiced  adj.  □ voicer  n. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)   [Middle English via Anglo-French voiz, Old French vois from Latin vox vocis]

voice box n.  the larynx 喉

voiceful /ˈvɔisfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. poet. or literary [诗] [文学用语]  1  vocal 有声的，会说的 2  sonorous 高声的，响亮的

voiceless /ˈvɔislis/ adj.  1  dumb, mute, speechless 无声的，哑的，哑口无言的 2 Phonet.  uttered without vibration of the vocal cords (e.g. 如 f, k, p, s, t) 【语音】清(辅)音 □ voicelessly  adv.  □ voicelessness  n.  

voice of God n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the expression of God's will, wrath, etc. 上帝的呼声(指上帝的意旨或神怒等)

voice-over n. & v. ●n.  narration in a film etc. not accompanied by a picture of the speaker (电影等的)画外音，旁白 ●v. tr. & intr.  speak a voice-over (for) 由画外音说，旁白叙述

voiceprint /ˈvɔisprint/ n.  a visual record of speech, analysed with respect to frequency, duration, and amplitude 声纹(对语音的记录，就频率、音长和振幅加以分析以识别)

voice vote n.  a vote taken by noting the relative strength of calls of aye and no 口头表决(指通过比较表决者“同意”和“不同意”喊声的强弱来议定事项)

void /vɔid/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  a  empty, vacant 空的；空无所有的b (foll. by 后跟 of)  lacking; free from 缺乏的；没有的  a style void of affectation  不矫揉造作的文风 2 esp. Law (of a contract, deed, promise, etc.) invalid, not binding 【法律】(尤指契约、行为、许诺等)无效的；无约束性的  null and void  无效的 3  useless, ineffectual 无用的 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 in) Cards (of a hand) having no cards in a given suit 【牌戏】(指一手牌)缺门的，缺一种花色的 5 (of an office or position) vacant (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 fall void) (指办事处或职位)空闲的；空缺的 ●n.  1  an empty space, a vacuum 空间，空虚；真空  vanished into the void  消失得无影无踪 cannot fill the void made by death  不能填补死亡造成的空缺 2  an unfilled space in a wall or building (指墙上或建筑物内的)空间，孔隙 3 (often foll. by 常后跟 in) Cards  the absence of cards in a particular suit 【牌戏】(指一手牌)缺门，缺花色 ●v. tr.  1  render invalid 使无效；把…作废，取消 2 (also absol. [亦含宾])  excrete 放出，排泄 □ voidable  adj.  □ voidness  n.   [Middle English from Old French dialect voide, Old French vuide, vuit, related to Latin vacare VACATE: the verb partly from AVOID, partly from Old French voider]

voidance /ˈvɔid(ə)ns/ n.  1 Eccl.  a vacancy in a benefice 【教会】(指圣职)空缺，空位 2  the act or an instance of voiding; the state of being voided 宣告无效，废除，取消；放出；排泄 [Middle English from Old French (as VOID)]

voided /ˈvɔidid/ adj. Heraldry (of a bearing) having the central area cut away so as to show the field 【纹章学】(指图案)中空的，镂空的

voile /vɔil, vwɑ:l/ n.  a thin semi-transparent dress material of cotton, wool, or silk 巴里纱，薄纱(一种由棉、羊毛或丝绸织成的半透明纱) [French, = VEIL]

vol. abbr. [缩略]  volume 

volant /ˈvəʊlənt/ adj.  1 Zool.  flying, able to fly 【动】飞行的，飞翔的；能飞的 2 Heraldry  represented as flying 【纹章学】作飞行状的，展翅的 3 literary  nimble, rapid [文学用语]敏捷的，飞速的 [French from voler, from Latin volare ‘to fly’]

volar /ˈvəʊlə/ adj. Anat.  of the palm or sole 【解】掌(侧)的；跖(侧)的 [Latin vola ‘hollow of hand or foot’]

volatile /ˈvɒlətail/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  evaporating rapidly 易挥发的，易散发的  volatile salts  碳酸铵；碳酸铵溶液 2  changeable, fickle 易变的，多变的；反复无常的 3  lively, light-hearted 活泼的，轻快的，无忧虑的 4  apt to break out into violence 暴躁的；爆发性的，爆炸性的 5  transient 短暂的，片刻的，转瞬即逝的 ●n.  a volatile substance 挥发物 □ volatileness  n.  □ volatility  /-ˈtiliti/ n.   [Old French volatil or Latin volatilis from volare volat- ‘to fly’]

volatile oil n.  = ESSENTIAL OIL 

volatilize /vəˈlætilaiz, ˈvɒlətilaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 tr.  cause to evaporate (使)挥发，(使)蒸发 2 intr.  evaporate 挥发，蒸发 □ volatilizable  adj.  □ volatilization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

vol-au-vent /ˈvɒlə(ʊ)vɒ˜/ n.  a (usu. small) round case of puff pastry filled with meat, fish, etc., and sauce (一种通常很小，以肉、鱼等加汁作馅的)酥皮合子 [French, literally ‘flight in the wind’]

volcanic /vɒlˈkænik/ adj. (also 亦作 vulcanic /vʌl-/)  of, like, or produced by a volcano 火山性的；火山的；火山似的；火山作用引起的 □ volcanically  adv.  □ volcanicity  /vɒlkəˈnisiti/ n.   [French volcanique from volcan VOLCANO]

volcanic bomb n.  a mass of ejected lava usu. rounded and sometimes hollow 火山弹(指火山爆发喷出的熔岩块，多呈圆形有时为中空的)

volcanic glass n.  obsidian 火山玻璃；黑曜岩；松脂岩

volcanism /ˈvɒlkəniz(ə)m/ n. (also 亦作 vulcanism /ˈvʌl-/)  volcanic activity or phenomena 火山活动；火山现象

volcano /vɒlˈkeinəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes)  1  a mountain or hill having an opening or openings in the earth's crust through which lava, cinders, steam, gases, etc., are or have been expelled continuously or at intervals 火山 2  a  a state of things likely to cause a violent outburst 随时可能激烈爆发的状态，一触即发的局势b  a violent esp. suppressed feeling 被抑制的强烈感情 [Italian from Latin Volcanus ‘Vulcan’, the Roman god of fire]

volcanology var.  of VULCANOLOGY  VULCANOLOGY 的变体

vole1 /vəʊl/ n.  any small ratlike or mouselike plant-eating rodent of the family Cricetidae 田鼠；仓鼠 [originally vole-mouse from Norwegian, from voll ‘field’ + mus ‘mouse’]

vole2 /vəʊl/ n. archaic  the winning of all tricks at cards [古义] (指纸牌游戏中的)大满贯 [French, from voler ‘to fly’ from Latin volare]

volet /ˈvɒlei/ n.  a panel or wing of a triptych 三联画的一联；三折屏的一屏 [French, from voler ‘to fly’ from Latin volare]

Volga /ˈvɒlgə/ n.  伏尔加河 [俄罗斯西部]

volitant /ˈvɒlit(ə)nt/ adj. Zool.  volant 【动】飞行的，飞翔的；能飞的 [Latin volitare, frequentative of volare ‘fly’]

volition /vəˈliʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the exercise of the will 行使意志；选择；决定 2  the power of willing 意志力 □ of (or by) one's own volition   voluntarily 自愿地□ volitional  adj.  □ volitionally  adv.  □ volitive  /ˈvɒlitiv/ adj.   [French volition or medieval Latin volitio, from volo ‘I wish’]

volley /ˈvɒli/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -eys)  1  a  the simultaneous discharge of a number of weapons (指枪炮等的)群射，齐射b  the bullets etc. discharged in a volley (指群射的)子弹等 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a noisy emission of oaths etc. in quick succession (指诅咒等的)连发；迸发；齐发 3 Tennis  the return of a ball in play before it touches the ground 【网球】截击(空中球)，拦击 4 Football  the kicking of a ball in play before it touches the ground 【足球】凌空踢球 5 Cricket 【板球】  a  a ball pitched right up to the batsman or the stumps without bouncing 直投球b  the pitching of the ball in this way 直接投掷(球) ●v. (-eys, -eyed)  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾]) Sport  return, send, or pitch (a ball) by a volley 【运动】截击；拦击；直投 2 tr. & absol.  discharge (bullets, abuse, etc.) in a volley [含宾] (指子弹、辱骂等)齐发，连发 3 intr. (of bullets etc.) fly in a volley (指子弹等)群射飞出 4 intr. (of guns etc.) sound together (指枪炮等)齐鸣 5 intr.  make a sound like a volley of artillery 发出似枪炮齐鸣的声音 □ volleyer  n.   [French volée, ultimately from Latin volare ‘to fly’]

volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔ:l/ n.  a game for two teams of six hitting a large ball by hand over a net 排球运动；排球赛

volplane /ˈvɒlplein/ n. & v. Aeron. 【空】  ●n.  a glide 滑翔 ●v. intr.  glide 滑翔 [French vol plané, from vol ‘flight’ + plané, past part. of planer ‘hover’, related to PLANE1]

vols. abbr. [缩略]  volumes 

volt1 /vəʊlt, vɒlt/ n.  the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would carry one ampere of current against one ohm resistance (abbr. 缩略 : V) 伏(特) [named after A. Volta, Italian physicist d. 1827]

volt2 /vɒlt, vəʊlt/ v. & n. ●v. intr. Fencing  make a volte 【击剑】转身躲闪 ●n. var.  of VOLTE VOLTE 的变体 [French volter (as VOLTE)]

voltage /ˈvəʊltidʒ, ˈvɒltidʒ/ n.  electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts 电压，伏特数；电位差，电势差

voltaic /vɒlˈteiik/ adj.  of electricity from a primary battery; galvanic 由原电池产生的；电流的；动电的；伏打式的  voltaic battery  伏打电池

voltameter /vɒlˈtæmitə/ n.  an instrument for measuring an electric charge 电量计

volte /vɒlt, vəʊlt/ n. (also 亦作 volt)  1 Fencing  a quick movement to escape a thrust 【击剑】转身躲闪 2  a sideways circular movement of a horse 环骑 [French from Italian volta ‘a turn’, fem. past part. of volgere ‘turn’, from Latin volvere ‘roll’]

volte-face /vɒltˈfɑ:s, -ˈfæs/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a complete reversal of position in argument or opinion (指在辩论中立场或观点的)完全改变，大转变 2  the act or an instance of turning round 向后转；大转弯 [French from Italian voltafaccia, ultimately from Latin volvere ‘roll’ + facies ‘appearance, face’]

voltmeter /ˈvəʊltmi:tə, ˈvɒlt-/ n.  an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts 伏特计，电压表

voluble /ˈvɒljʊb(ə)l/ adj.  1  speaking or spoken vehemently, incessantly, or fluently (言辞)激烈的，滔滔不绝的；流畅的  voluble spokesman  善辞令的发言人 voluble excuses  振振有词的辩解 2 Bot.  twisting round a support, twining 【植】缠绕的 □ volubility  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ volubleness  n.  □ volubly  adv.   [French voluble or Latin volubilis, from volvere ‘to roll’]

volume /ˈvɒlju:m/ n.  1  a  a set of sheets of paper, usu. printed, bound together and forming part or the whole of a work or comprising several works 卷，册；合订本  issued in three volumes  分 3 卷发行 a library of 12,000 volumes  藏书 12,000 册的图书馆b hist.  a scroll of papyrus etc., an ancient form of book [史义] (指写在纸莎草纸等上的)古书卷，卷轴 2  a  solid content, bulk 份量，量；额b  the space occupied by a gas or liquid (气体或液体的)体积；容积c (foll. by 后跟 of)  an amount or quantity 量，数量  large volume of business  较大的营业额 3  a  quantity or power of sound 音量，声量；响度b  fullness of tone 最大音量 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a  a moving mass of water etc. (指水流等)大量b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a wreath or coil or rounded mass of smoke etc. (烟等的)圆圈，圆团 □ volumed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Middle English via Old French volum(e) from Latin volumen -minis ‘roll’ from volvere ‘to roll’]

volumetric /vɒljʊˈmetrik/ adj.  of or relating to measurement by volume 测容量的，测容积的；测体积的 □ volumetrically  adv.   [VOLUME + METRIC]

voluminous /vəˈlju:minəs/ adj.  1  large in volume; bulky 体积大的，庞大的；大量的 2 (of drapery etc.) loose and ample (指织物等)宽松的；肥大的 3  consisting of many volumes 多卷的，大部头的 4 (of a writer) producing many books (指作家)著作多的；多产的 □ voluminosity  /-ˈnɒsiti/ n.  □ voluminously  adv.  □ voluminousness  n.   [Late Latin voluminosus (as VOLUME)]

voluntarism /ˈvɒləntəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  the principle of relying on voluntary action rather than compulsion 自愿原则 2 Philos.  the doctrine that the will is a fundamental or dominant factor in the individual or the universe 【哲】唯意志论 3 hist.  the doctrine that the Church or schools should be independent of the State and supported by voluntary contributions [史义]自愿捐助制度(以自愿捐助形式而非依赖国家来维持教会或学校的主张) □ voluntarist  n.   [formed irregularly from VOLUNTARY]

voluntary /ˈvɒlənt(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  done, acting, or able to act of one's own free will; not constrained or compulsory, intentional 自愿的，志愿的；主动的，自发的，有意的  a voluntary gift  主动送的礼物 2  unpaid 无偿的，义务的，志愿的  voluntary work  义务工作 3 (of an institution) supported by voluntary contributions (指某一机构)靠自愿捐助维持的 4 Brit. (of a school) built by a voluntary institution but maintained by a local education authority [英] (指学校)民办的，非官办的(由自发组织创办但靠当地教育机构维持) 5  brought about, produced, etc., by voluntary action 自发产生(生成)的 6 (of a movement, muscle, or limb) controlled by the will (指身体活动、肌肉或四肢)由意志控制的，随意的 7 (of a confession by a criminal) not prompted by a promise or threat (指罪犯的招供)主动的 8 Law (of a conveyance or disposition) made without return in money or other consideration 【法律】(指产权转让或配置)自愿的，无偿的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  an organ solo played before, during, or after a church service (指教会礼拜前后或进行中的)管风琴独奏b  the music for this (指教会礼拜前后或进行中的)管风琴独奏曲c archaic  an extempore performance esp. as a prelude to other music [古义] (尤指作为前奏曲的)即兴演奏 2 (in competitions) a special performance left to the performer's choice (指比赛中的)自选表演 3 hist.  a person who holds that the Church or schools should be independent of the State and supported by voluntary contributions [史义] (主张教会或学校不受国家资助而靠自愿捐助维持的)自愿捐助论者 □ voluntarily  adv.  □ voluntariness  n.   [Middle English from Old French volontaire or Latin voluntarius, from voluntas ‘will’]

Voluntary Aid Detachment n. (in the UK) group of organized voluntary first-aid and nursing workers (英国)志愿救护队

voluntary-aided adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (in the UK) designating a voluntary school, funded mainly by the local authority (英国)民办的，非官办的(指学校由自愿组织创办但主要由地方当局资助)

voluntary-controlled adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) (in the UK) designating a voluntary school fully funded by the local authority (英国)民办的，非官办的(指学校由自愿组织创办但完全由英国地方当局资助)

voluntaryism /ˈvɒlənt(ə)riiz(ə)m/ n. hist. [史义]  = VOLUNTARISM 1, 3  □ voluntaryist  n.  

voluntary school n. (in the UK) a school which, though not established by the local education authority, is funded mainly or entirely by it, and which encourages a particular set of usu. religious beliefs (英国)民办学校(虽非当地政府创立但主要或完全由其资助，通常鼓励某一套宗教信仰)

Voluntary Service Overseas n.  a British organization promoting voluntary work in underdeveloped countries (英国)海外志愿服务队(在不发达国家推行义务工作的组织)

volunteer /vɒlənˈtiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person who voluntarily takes part in an enterprise or offers to undertake a task 自愿参加者，志愿者 2  a person who enrols for military service, esp. hist. (in the UK) a member of any of the former corps of voluntary soldiers provided with instructors, arms, etc., by the state 志愿兵；[尤史义] (英国)志愿军战士(指从前由国家训练并提供武器等的志愿兵部队的成员) 3 (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  a self-sown plant 自生植物 ●v.  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  undertake or offer (one's services, a remark or explanation, etc.) voluntarily 自愿承担，主动(服务、讲话或解释等) 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make a voluntary offer of one's services; be a volunteer 自愿服务；作义工 3 tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动 ; often foll. by 常后跟 for, or to + infin.)  assign or commit (a person) to a particular undertaking, esp. without consultation 指派(某人做某项工作) [French volontaire (as VOLUNTARY), assimilated to -EER]

volunteerism /vɒlənˈtiəriz(ə)m/ n. esp. N. Amer.  the involvement of volunteers, esp. in community service [尤北美] (尤指在社区服务中的)志愿者的使用

voluptuary /vəˈlʌptjʊəri/ n. & adj. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a person given up to luxury and sensual pleasure 酒色之徒，骄奢淫逸者；纵欲者 ●adj.  concerned with luxury and sensual pleasure 骄奢淫逸的；纵欲的；耽于酒色的 [Latin volupt(u)arius (as VOLUPTUOUS)]

voluptuous /vəˈlʌptjʊəs/ adj.  1  of, tending to, occupied with, or derived from, sensuous or sensual pleasure 感官的，倾向于感官享受的，耽于感官享受的，给感官以快感的 2 (of a woman) curvaceous and sexually desirable (指女子)体态丰满的，性感的；妖娆的 □ voluptuously  adv.  □ voluptuousness  n.   [Middle English from Old French voluptueux or Latin voluptuosus, from voluptas ‘pleasure’]

volute /vəˈl(j)u:t/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 Archit.  a spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals 【建】(指古希腊爱奥尼亚式、科林斯式柱头上的)盘蜗；螺旋饰，蜗旋形饰 2  a  any marine gastropod mollusc of the genus Voluta 蜗螺b  the spiral shell of this 蜗螺壳 ●adj. esp. Bot.  rolled up 【植】螺旋的，盘旋的；卷起的 □ voluted  adj.   [French volute or Latin voluta, fem. past part. of volvere ‘roll’]

volution /vəˈl(j)u:ʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  a rolling motion 旋转，螺旋 2  a spiral turn 盘旋 3  a whorl of a spiral shell 螺环 4 Anat.  a convolution 【解】回，脑回 [as VOLUTE, on the pattern of REVOLUTION etc.]

volvox /ˈvɒlvɒks/ n. Biol.  an aquatic flagellate unicellular plant which forms colonies resembling minute green globes 【生】团藻 [modern Latin, as if from Latin volvere ‘to roll’, though originally a misreading of Pliny]

vomer /ˈvəʊmə/ n. Anat.  the small thin bone separating the nostrils in man and most vertebrates 【解】(指人和大多数脊椎动物鼻的)犁骨 [Latin, = ploughshare]

vomit /ˈvɒmit/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (vomited, vomiting)  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  eject (matter) from the stomach through the mouth 呕，吐，呕吐 2 (of a volcano, chimney, etc.) eject violently, belch forth (指火山、烟囱等)喷出，吐出 ●n.  1  matter vomited from the stomach 呕吐物 2 archaic  an emetic [古义]催吐剂，催吐药 □ vomiter  n.   [Middle English, ultimately from Latin vomere vomit- or its frequentative vomitare]

vomitorium /vɒmiˈtɔ:riəm/ n. (pl. vomitoria /-riə/) Rom. Antiq.  a vomitory [古罗马] (指竞技场的)大通道，出入通道 [Latin: see VOMITORY]

vomitory /ˈvɒmit(ə)ri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  gmetic 呕吐的；引起呕吐的；催吐的 ●n. (pl. -ies) Rom. Antiq.  each of a series of passages for entrance and exit in an amphitheatre or theatre [古罗马] (指剧场等的)大通道，出入通道 [Latin vomitorius (adj.), vomitorium (n.) (as VOMIT)]

voodoo /ˈvu:du:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  use of or belief in religious witchcraft as practised among blacks esp. in the W. Indies 伏都教(尤指西印度群岛黑人中的宗教，崇拜巫术) 2  a person skilled in this 伏都教徒 3  a voodoo spell 伏都巫术，伏都魔术 ●v. tr. (voodoos, voodooed)  affect by voodoo; bewitch 施伏都巫术迷惑；施魔法于，蛊惑 □ voodooism  n.  □ voodooist  n.   [Louisiana French from Fon vodu]

voracious /vəˈreiʃəs/ adj.  1  greedy in eating, ravenous 贪吃的；极度饥饿的 2  very eager in some activity (对某一活动)饥渴的，渴求的  a voracious reader  如饥似渴的读者 □ voraciously  adv.  □ voraciousness  n.  □ voracity  /vəˈræsiti/ n.   [Latin vorax from vorare ‘devour’]

-vorous /v(ə)rəs/ comb. form  forming adjectives meaning ‘feeding on’ (carnivorous 食肉类的) [构词成分]构成形容词，表示“食…的”，“以…为食的” □ -vora  /v(ə)rə/ comb. form  forming names of groups [构词成分]构成群体的名称□ -vore  /vɔ:/ comb. form  forming names of individuals [构词成分]构成个体的名称 [Latin-vorus from vorare ‘devour’]

vortex /ˈvɔ:teks/ n. (pl. vortexes or vortices /-tisi:z/)  1  a mass of whirling fluid, esp. a whirlpool or whirlwind 涡流，(尤指)旋涡；旋风 2  any whirling motion or mass 涡旋，涡动 3  a system, occupation, pursuit, etc., viewed as swallowing up or engrossing those who approach it 旋涡(指可将靠近的人吞噬或卷入的体制、职业、追求等)  the vortex of society  社会旋涡 4 Physics  a portion of fluid whose particles have rotatory motion 【物理学】涡流，涡旋 □ vortical  adj.  □ vortically  adv.  □ vorticity  /vɔ:ˈtisiti/ n.  □ vorticose  adj.  □ vorticular  /vɔ:ˈtikjʊlə/ adj.   [Latin vortex -icis ‘eddy’, variant of VERTEX]

vortex ring n.  a vortex whose axis is a closed curve, e.g. a smoke ring 涡(旋)环(如烟圈)

vorticella /vɔ:tiˈselə/ n.  any sedentary protozoan of the family Vorticellidae, consisting of a tubular stalk with a bell-shaped ciliated opening 钟虫 [modern Latin, diminutive of VORTEX]

vorticist /ˈvɔ:tisist/ n.  1 Art  an artist of a British movement c. 1914 － 15 influenced by futurism and characterized by machine-like forms 【艺术】旋涡主义者；旋涡画派画家 2 Metaphysics  a person regarding the universe, with Descartes, as a plenum in which motion propagates itself in circles 【玄学】赞同(笛卡尔的)宇宙物质涡动说的人 □ vorticism  n.  

votary /ˈvəʊt(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies; fem. votaress) (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  1  a person vowed to the service of God or a god or cult 献身者，修士 2  a devoted follower, adherent, or advocate of a person, system, occupation, etc. 追随者；信徒；提倡者 □ votarist  n.   [Latin vot-: see VOTE]

vote /vəʊt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a formal expression of choice or opinion by means of a ballot, show of hands, etc., concerning a choice of candidate, approval of a motion or resolution, etc. (通过投票、举手等)选举(候选人)，表决(议案或决议等)  let us take a vote on it  我们投票表决吧 gave my vote to the independent candidate  我投那位无党派候选人的票 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the right to vote, esp. in a state election 投票权；(尤指)选举权 3  a  an opinion expressed by a majority of votes 表决通过的议案b Brit.  money granted by a majority of votes [英]议决的拨款 4  the collective votes that are or may be given by or for a particular group 投票总数，得票总数  will lose the Welsh vote  会失去威尔士的选票 the Conservative vote increased  保守党的得票数增加了 5  a ticket etc. used for recording a vote 票，选票 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for, against, or to + infin.)  give a vote 投票 2 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  enact or resolve by a majority of votes 投票决定，投票解决b  grant (a sum of money) by a majority of votes 表决拨(一笔款)c  cause to be in a specified position by a majority of votes 选出某人任某职  was voted off the committee  被投票免去委员会职务 3 tr. colloq.  pronounce or declare by general consent [口]公议，一致认为  was voted a failure by consumers  被消费者一致认为是失败的 4 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause) colloq.  announce one's proposal [口]建议  I vote that we all go home  我建议大家都回家吧 □ put to a (or the) vote   submit to a decision by voting 投票决定□ vote down   defeat (a proposal etc.) in a vote 否决(议案等)□ vote in   elect by voting 投票选出□ vote off   dismiss from (a committee etc.) by voting 投票免去…(在委员会等中的)职务□ vote out   dismiss from office etc. by voting 投票免去…的职务□ vote with one's feet  colloq.  indicate an opinion by one's presence or absence [口] (指通过是否在场)表示赞成与否□ votable  adj.  □ voteless  adj.   [Middle English from vot-, past part. stem of Latin vovēre ‘vow’]

vote of censure n.  = VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE 

vote of no confidence n.  a vote showing that the majority do not support the policy of the governing body etc. 不信任票

voter /ˈvəʊtə/ n.  1  a person with the right to vote at an election 有选举权者 2  a person voting 投票人；选举人

voting machine n. (esp. in the US) a machine for the automatic registering of votes (尤指美国)选举机器，自动记票机

voting paper n.  a paper used in voting by ballot 选票

voting stock n. Stock Exch.  stock entitling the holder to a vote 【股】(持有人)有表决权的股票

votive /ˈvəʊtiv/ adj.  offered or consecrated in fulfilment of a vow (指为履行誓约而)奉献的，还愿的  votive offering  还愿奉献物，还愿物 votive picture  还愿画 [Latin votivus (as VOTE)]

votive Mass n. Eccl.  a Mass celebrated for a special purpose or occasion 【教会】许愿弥撒，特别弥撒

vouch /vaʊtʃ/ v.  1 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  answer for, be surety for 保证，担保；作证  will vouch for the truth of this  证明此事属实 can vouch for him  可以为他作证 could not vouch for his honesty  不能担保他的诚实 2 tr. archaic  cite as an authority [古义]引证；引典证明 3 tr. archaic  confirm or uphold (a statement) by evidence or assertion [古义] (以证据或断言来)证明或支持(某声明) [Middle English from Old French vo(u)cher ‘summon’ etc., ultimately from Latin vocare ‘to call’]

voucher /ˈvaʊtʃə/ n.  1  a document which can be exchanged for goods or services as a token of payment made or promised by the holder or another 票券，优惠券，代金券(由持有人或他人开具承诺可以兑换商品或获得服务的凭证) 2  a document establishing the payment of money or the truth of accounts 收据；凭单 3  a person who vouches for a person, statement, etc. (某人、声明等的)担保人，保证人 [Anglo-French voucher (as VOUCH), or from VOUCH]

vouchsafe /vaʊtʃˈseif/ v. tr. formal [正式]  1  condescend to give or grant 惠赐，赐予；给予  vouchsafed me no answer  没有给我任何答复 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  condescend 屈尊，俯就 [Middle English, from VOUCH (in the sense ‘warrant’) + SAFE]

voussoir /ˈvu:swɑ:/ n.  each of the wedge-shaped or tapered stones forming an arch (楔形)拱石，拱楔块 [Old French vossoir etc. from popular Latin volsorium, ultimately from Latin volvere ‘to roll’]

vow /vaʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Relig.  a solemn promise esp. in the form of an oath to God or another deity or to a saint 【宗】(尤指对上帝或其他神或圣人立的)誓，誓言，誓约；许愿 2 (in pl. 用复数)  the promises by which a monk or nun is bound to poverty, chastity, and obedience (指修道士或修女立誓保持清贫、贞洁、顺从的)誓约 3  a promise of fidelity 忠诚誓言  lovers' vows  情人间的山盟海誓 marriage vows  结婚誓言 4 (usu. as 通常作 baptismal vows)  the promises given at baptism by the baptized person or by sponsors 洗礼誓言 ●v. tr.  1  promise solemnly 庄严宣誓；立誓宣告(或声明)  vowed obedience  立誓表示服从 2  dedicate to a deity 立誓奉献 3 (also absol. [亦含宾]) archaic  declare solemnly [古义]庄严宣告(或声明) □ under a vow   having made a vow 已立誓(发誓、许愿) [Middle English via Anglo-French v(o)u, Old French vo(u) from Latin (as VOTE): the verb from Old French vouer, in sense 2 partly from AVOW]

vowel /ˈvaʊəl/ n.  1  a speech sound made with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction, more open than a consonant and capable of forming a syllable 元音 2  a letter or letters representing this, as a, e, i, o, u, aw, ah 元音字母 □ vowelled  adj. (US [美] voweled) (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ vowelless  adj.  □ vowelly  adj.   [Middle English via Old French vouel, voiel from Latin vocalis (littera) ‘VOCAL (letter)’]

vowel gradation n.  = ABLAUT 

vowelize /ˈvaʊəlaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  insert the vowels in (shorthand, Hebrew, etc.) 加元音(符)于(速记、希伯来语等中)

vowel mutation n.  = UMLAUT 2 

vowel-point n.  each of a set of marks indicating vowels in Hebrew etc. (指希伯来语等的)元音附点，元音符

vox angelica /vɒks ænˈdʒelikə/ n.  an organ stop with a soft tremulous tone 天使声音栓，天堂声音栓(管风琴上发出柔颤音的音栓) [Late Latin, = angelic voice]

vox humana /vɒks hju:ˈmɑ:nə/ n.  an organ stop with a tone supposed to resemble a human voice 人声音栓(指管风琴上模仿人声的音栓) [Latin, = human voice]

vox pop /vɒks ˈpɒp/ n. Brit. Broadcasting colloq.  popular opinion as represented by informal comments from members of the public; statements or interviews of this kind [英]【广播】[口]人民之声，公众舆论 [abbreviation of VOX POPULI]

vox populi /vɒks ˈpɒpjʊli:, -lai/ n.  public opinion; the general verdict; popular belief or rumour 人民之声，公众舆论；流言 [Latin, = the people's voice]

voyage /ˈvɔiidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a journey, esp. a long one by water, air, or in space 航行；(尤指)航海，航空，航天 2  an account of this 航海记；航行游记 ●v.  1 intr.  make a voyage 航行；旅行 2 tr.  traverse, esp. by water or air 穿越；(尤指)渡过，飞过 □ voyageable  adj.  □ voyager  n.   [Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French veiage, voiage from Latin viaticum]

voyageur /vwɒjəˈʒɜ:/ n.  a Canadian boatman, esp. hist. one employed in transporting goods and passengers between trading posts 加拿大船夫；[尤史义] (指在商栈间进行客货运输的)船夫 [French, = voyager (as VOYAGE)]

voyeur /vwɑ:ˈjɜ:, vɔi-/ n.  1  a person who obtains sexual gratification from observing others' sexual actions or organs 窥淫癖者(以偷窥他人性行为或性器官而获得性满足) 2  a powerless or passive spectator 无能或被动的观者 □ voyeurism  n.  □ voyeuristic  /-ˈristik/ adj.  □ voyeuristically  /-ˈristik(ə)li/ adj.   [French, from voir ‘see’]

VP abbr. [缩略]  Vice-President 

VR abbr. [缩略]  1  Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王 2  variant reading  3  virtual reality  [sense 1 from Latin Victoria Regina]

vroom /vru:m/ v., n. & int. ●v.  1 intr. (esp. of an engine) make a roaring noise (尤指发动机)发出呜隆声 2 intr. (of a motor vehicle etc.) travel at speed (指摩托车等)快速行使 3 tr.  rev (an engine) (指发动机)加快转速 ●n.  the roaring sound of an engine 发动机的轰鸣声 ●int.  an imitation of such a sound 呜呜声 [imitative]

VS abbr. [缩略]  Veterinary Surgeon 

vs. abbr. [缩略]  versus 

V-sign n.  1 Brit.  a sign of the letter V made with the first two fingers pointing up and the back of the hand facing outwards, as a gesture of abuse, contempt, etc. [英] (指手背朝外的) V 字手势(表示辱骂、轻蔑) 2  a similar sign made with the palm of the hand facing outwards, as a symbol of victory (指手心朝外的)胜利手势

VSO abbr. [缩略]  Voluntary Service Overseas 

VSOP abbr.  Very Special Old Pale (brandy) [缩略] 18 至 25 年陈的(白兰地)

VT abbr. US  Vermont (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]佛蒙特州(正式邮政用语)

Vt. abbr.  Vermont [缩略] (美)佛蒙特州

VTO abbr.  vertical take-off [缩略]垂直起飞

VTOL /ˈvi:tɒl/ abbr.  vertical take-off and landing [缩略]垂直起降(飞机)

VTR abbr. [缩略]  videotape recorder 

vug /vʌɡ/ n.  a rock cavity lined with crystals 晶簇 □ vuggy  adj.  □ vugular  adj.   [Cornish vooga]

vulcanic var.  of VOLCANIC  VOLCANIC 的变体

vulcanism var.  of VOLCANISM  VOLCANISM 的变体

vulcanite /ˈvʌlkənait/ n.  a hard black vulcanized rubber, ebonite 硬质橡胶，硬橡皮 [as VULCANIZE]

vulcanize /ˈvʌlkənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  treat (rubber or rubber-like material) with sulphur etc. at a high temperature to increase its strength 硫化(橡胶或橡胶类材料)，(使)硬化 □ vulcanizable  adj.  □ vulcanization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ vulcanizer  n.   [Vulcan, the name of the Roman god of fire and metalworking]

vulcanology /vʌlkəˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (also 亦作 volcanology /vɒl-/)  the scientific study of volcanoes 火山学 □ vulcanological  /-nəˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ vulcanologist  n.  

vulgar /ˈvʌlɡə/ adj.  1  a  of or characteristic of the common people, plebeian 普通人的；平民特有的；平民的b  coarse in manners; low 粗俗的，庸俗的；低贱的  vulgar expressions  庸俗的表情 vulgar tastes  低级趣味 2  in common use; generally prevalent 常用的；通行的  vulgar errors  常见错误 □ vulgarly  adv.   [Middle English from Latin vulgaris, from vulgus ‘common people’]

vulgar fraction n. Brit.  a fraction expressed by numerator and denominator, not decimally [英]普通分数

vulgarian /vʌlˈɡɛəriən/ n.  a vulgar (esp. rich) person 粗俗的人(尤指富人)

vulgarism /ˈvʌlɡəriz(ə)m/ n.  1  a word or expression in coarse or uneducated use 粗俗词语 2  an instance of coarse or uneducated behaviour 粗俗或无教养的行为

vulgarity /vʌlˈɡæriti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  the quality of being vulgar 粗俗，粗鄙 2  an instance of this 粗俗的行为等

vulgarize /ˈvʌlɡəraiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 -ise)  1  make (a person, manners, etc.) vulgar; infect with vulgarity 使(人、行为等)庸俗化；沾染上俗气 2  spoil (a scene, sentiment, etc.) by making it too common, frequented, or well known 使(场景、情感等由于普通、太常用或众所周之而)毁坏 3  popularize 通俗化，普及 □ vulgarization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

vulgar Latin n.  informal Latin of classical times 俗拉丁语

vulgar tongue n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the national or vernacular language, esp. formerly as opposed to Latin 本土语言(尤指以前与拉丁语相对的语言)

Vulgate /ˈvʌlɡeit, -ɡət/ n.  1  a  the Latin version of the Bible prepared mainly by St Jerome in the late fourth century 拉丁文通行本《圣经》(公元 4 世纪后期主要由圣·杰罗姆翻译而成)b  the official Roman Catholic Latin text as revised in 1592 (指古罗马天主教于 1592 年修订的)拉丁文本 2 (作 vulgate)  the traditionally accepted text of any author 普通文本，公认文本 3 (作 vulgate)  common or colloquial speech 俗语；口语 [Latin vulgata (editio ‘edition’), fem. past part. of vulgare ‘make public’, from vulgus: see VULGAR]

vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that may be wounded or harmed 易受伤的；脆弱的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  exposed to damage by a weapon, criticism, etc. 易受(武器、批评等)攻击的；难防御的 3 Bridge  having won one game towards rubber and therefore liable to higher penalties 【桥牌】有局方的，有身价的(指定约桥牌中已胜一局的，若定约失败输分加大) □ vulnerability  /-ˈbiliti/ n. (pl. -ies)  □ vulnerableness  n.  □ vulnerably  adv.   [Late Latin vulnerabilis, via Latin vulnerare ‘to wound’ from vulnus -eris ‘wound’]

vulnerary /ˈvʌln(ə)rəri/ adj. & n. ●adj.  useful or used for the healing of wounds 医治创伤的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a vulnerary drug, plant, etc. 治伤药，伤药草等 [Latin vulnerarius from vulnus: see VULNERABLE]

vulpine /ˈvʌlpain/ adj.  1  of or like a fox 狐狸的；狐狸似的 2  crafty, cunning 狡猾的，奸诈的 [Latin vulpinus from vulpes ‘fox’]

vulture /ˈvʌltʃə/ n.  1  any of various large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae or (in the New World) Cathartidae, with the head and neck more or less bare of feathers, feeding chiefly on carrion and reputed to gather with others in anticipation of a death 兀鹫；美洲鹫 2  a rapacious person 贪得无厌者，劫掠成性者 □ vulturine  /-rain/ adj.  □ vulturish  adj.  □ vulturous  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French vultur, Old French voltour etc. from Latin vulturius]

vulva /ˈvʌlvə/ n. (pl. vulvas) Anat.  the external female genitals, esp. the external opening of the vagina 【解】外阴，女阴 □ vulval  adj.  □ vulvar  adj.  □ vulvitis  /-ˈvaitis/ n.   [Latin, = womb]

vv. abbr. [缩略]  1  verses  2  volumes 

vying pres. part.  of VIE  

Völkerwanderung /ˈfɜ:lkəˌvɑ:ndərʊŋ, 德 ˈfœlkərˌvandərʊŋ/ n.  a migration of peoples, esp. that of Germanic and Slavic peoples into Europe from the second to the eleventh centuries (尤指 2 至 11 世纪时日耳曼及斯拉夫民族进入欧洲的)民族大迁移 [German, from Völker ‘nations’ + Wanderung ‘migration’]

W1 /ˈdʌb(ə)lˌju:/ n. (also 亦作 w) (pl. Ws or W's)  the twenty-third letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 23 个字母

W2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 W.)  1  West; Western  2  women's (size) 女用的(尺码)

W3 symb. [符]  1 Chem.  the element tungsten 【化】(化学元素)钨 2  watt(s) 瓦，瓦特 [sense 1 from WOLFRAM]

w abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 w.)  1 Cricket 【板球】  a  wicket(s) b  wide(s)  2  with  3  wife  4  weight  5  width 

WA abbr. [缩略]  1  Western Australia 西澳大利亚 2 US  Washington (State) (in official postal use) [美]华盛顿州(正式邮政用语)

Waac /wæk/ n. hist.  a member of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (Brit. [英] 1917 － 19 or US [美] 1942 － 8) [史义]陆军妇女辅助队队员 [initials WAAC]

Waaf /wæf/ n. Brit. hist.  a member of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force [英史义]空军妇女辅助队队员 (1939 － 48) [initials WAAF]

WAC abbr. (in the US) Women's Army Corps [缩略] (美国)陆军妇女队

wack /wæk/ n. dial.  a familiar term of address [方] (一种亲密的称呼)朋友，伙计 [perhaps from wacker ‘a Liverpudlian’]

wacke /ˈwækə/ n. Geol.  any sandstone containing between 15 and 75 per cent mud matrix (cf. 参见 GREYWACKE) 【地质】玄砂石 [German from Middle High German wacke ‘large stone’, Old High German wacko ‘pebble’]

wacko /ˈwækəʊ/ adj. & n. esp. N. Amer. slang [尤北美] [俚语] ●adj.  crazy 发疯的 ●n. (pl. -os or -oes)  a crazy person 疯子 [WACKY + -O]

wacky /ˈwæki/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 whacky) slang [俚语] ●adj. (-ier, -iest)  crazy 发疯的 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a crazy person 疯子 □ wackily  adv.  □ wackiness  n.   [originally dialect, = left-handed, from WHACK]

wad /wɒd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lump or bundle of soft material used esp. to keep things apart or in place or to stuff up an opening (尤指用作隔离、固定或填充孔洞的)填块或填料 2  a disc of felt etc. keeping powder or shot in place in a gun 炮塞，弹塞 3  a number of banknotes or documents placed together (钞票或文件的)卷，沓，捆 4 Brit. slang  a bun, sandwich, etc. [英] [俚语]小圆面包；三明治等 5 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a large quantity esp. of money 大量，许多(尤指金钱) ●v. tr. (wadded, wadding)  1  stop up (an aperture or a gun barrel) with a wad 用填料(或弹塞)塞住(孔隙或枪膛) 2  keep (powder etc.) in place with a wad 用弹塞塞住(火药等) 3  line or stuff (a garment or coverlet) with wadding 用软物加衬或填充(衣服或床罩) 4  protect (a person, walls, etc.) with wadding 用软材料保护(人体或墙壁等) 5  press (cotton etc.) into a wad or wadding 把(棉花等)压成填料或衬料 [perhaps related to Dutch watten, French ouate ‘padding, cotton wool’]

wadding /ˈwɒdiŋ/ n.  1  soft pliable material of cotton or wool etc. used to line or stuff garments, quilts, etc., or to pack fragile articles (棉毛等)软填料(用于加衬、填充衣被等或包装易碎物品) 2  any material from which gun wads are made 炮塞材料

waddle /ˈwɒd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  walk with short steps and a swaying motion, like a stout short-legged person or a bird with short legs set far apart (e.g. a duck or goose) (如鸭、鹅般地)摇摇摆摆地走，蹒跚行走 ●n.  a waddling gait 蹒跚的步态 □ waddler  n.   [perhaps frequentative of WADE]

waddy /ˈwɒdi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an Australian Aborigine's war club (澳大利亚土著人用作武器的)木棍 2 Austral. & NZ  any club or stick [澳新]棍棒；手杖 [Dharuk wadi ‘tree, stick, club’]

wade /weid/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  walk through water or some impeding medium, e.g. snow, mud, or sand (通过水或雪、泥、沙等障碍)行进；涉，蹚 2 intr.  make one's way with difficulty or by force 艰难地行走；跋涉 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  read (a book etc.) in spite of its dullness etc. 费力地阅读(枯燥的书等) 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 into) colloq.  attack (a person or task) vigorously [口]猛烈攻击(某人或某事)，干劲十足地着手(某项任务) 5 tr.  ford (a stream etc.) on foot 涉过(溪流等) ●n.  a spell of wading 跋涉；涉水 □ wade in  colloq.  make a vigorous attack or intervention [口]猛烈攻击；介入，干涉□ wadable  adj. (also 亦作 wadeable)   [Old English wadan, from a Germanic word meaning ‘go (through)’]

wader /ˈweidə/ n.  1  a  a person who wades 涉水者；跋涉者b  a wading bird, esp. any of various birds of the order Charadriiformes 涉水鸟，涉禽 2 (in pl. 用复数)  high waterproof boots, or a waterproof garment for the legs and body, worn in fishing etc. (捕鱼等时穿的)长筒靴；防水服

wadi /ˈwɑ:di, ˈwɒdi/ n. (also 亦作 wady) (pl. wadis or wadies)  a rocky watercourse in N. Africa etc., dry except in the rainy season (北非等地仅在雨季有水的)多石的干涸河床 [Arabic wɑˉdī]

wading bird n.  any long-legged waterbird that wades 涉水鸟，涉禽

WAF abbr. [缩略] (in the US) (美国)  1  Women in the Air Force 空军妇女队 2 /wæf/  a member of the WAF 空军妇女队队员

w.a.f. abbr. Brit.  with all faults [缩略] [英]商品售出，概不退换

wafer /ˈweifə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a very thin light crisp sweet biscuit, esp. of a kind eaten with ice cream 薄脆饼；华夫饼干(尤指与冰激凌同吃的) 2  a thin disc of unleavened bread used in the Eucharist 圣饼(用作圣餐的未经发酵的圆面包片) 3  a disc of red paper stuck on a legal document instead of a seal 封缄纸(贴在法律文件上代替封印用的红色圆纸片) 4 Electronics  a very thin slice of a semiconductor crystal used as the substrate for solid-state circuitry 【电子学】薄片，圆片，晶片 5 hist.  a small disc of dried paste formerly used for fastening letters, holding papers together, etc. [史义]用于封信、粘文件等用的干胶片 ●v. tr.  fasten or seal with a wafer 用干胶纸包扎或封缄 □ wafery  adj.   [Middle English via Anglo-French wafre, Old Norman French waufre, (Old) French gaufre (cf. GOFFER) from Middle Low German wɑˉfel ‘waffle’: cf. WAFFLE2]

wafer-thin adj. & adv. ●adj.  very thin 极薄的 ●adv.  very thinly 薄薄地  cut it wafer-thin  把它切得薄薄地

waffle1 /ˈwɒf(ə)l/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  verbose but aimless or ignorant talk or writing (没完没了的)胡说或瞎写 ●v. intr.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  indulge in waffle 胡扯，胡说 2  waver, equivocate 摇摆不定；含糊其辞；支吾 □ waffler  n.  □ waffly  adj.   [originally dialect, frequentative of waff = yelp, yap (imitative)]

waffle2 /ˈwɒf(ə)l/ n.  a small crisp batter cake 华夫饼；威化饼(蛋奶小脆饼) [Dutch wafel, waefel from Middle Low German wɑˉfel: cf. WAFER]

waffle-iron n.  a utensil, usu. of two shallow metal pans hinged together, for baking waffles 烘华夫饼的铁模

waft /wɒft, wɑ:ft/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr.  convey or travel easily as through air or over water; sweep smoothly and lightly along 随风传送；随水飘流；飘荡 ●n.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 of)  a whiff or scent (些微的)气味；香味 2  a transient sensation of peace, joy, etc. (宁静、喜悦等的)片刻感觉 3 (also 亦作 weft /weft/) Naut.  a distress signal, e.g. an ensign rolled or knotted or a garment flown in the rigging 【海】海难信号(如卷起的或打结的旗帜，或在索具上飘动的衣服) [originally ‘convoy (ship etc.)’: back-formation from obsolete waughter, wafter ‘armed convoy-ship’, via Dutch or Low German wachter from wachten ‘to guard’]

wag1 /wæɡ/ v. & n. ●v. (wagged, wagging)  1 tr. & intr.  shake or wave rapidly or energetically to and fro (快速或有力地)来回摇摆或挥动 2 intr. archaic (of the world, times, etc.) go along with varied fortune or characteristics [古义] (指时势等)推移，变迁 ●n.  a single wagging motion 摇动，摆动  with a wag of his tail  摇了一下尾巴 □ the tail wags the dog   a situation in which the less or least important member of a society, section of a party, or part of a structure has control 尾巴摇狗(比喻主次颠倒，处于从属地位的势力取得支配或控制地位)□ tongues (or beards or chins or jaws) wag   there is talk 说闲话；议论纷纷 [Middle English waggen, from the Germanic root of Old English wagian ‘sway’]

wag2 /wæɡ/ n.  1  a facetious person, a joker 诙谐滑稽的人；爱开玩笑的人 2 Brit. slang  a truant [英] [俚语]逃学  play the wag  逃学 [probably from obsolete waghalter one likely to be hanged (as WAG1, HALTER)]

wage /weidʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a fixed regular payment, usu. daily or weekly, made by an employer to an employee, esp. to a manual or unskilled worker (cf. 参见 SALARY) 工资，工钱(通常指按天或周的，由雇主定出，尤指付给体力的或非技术工的) 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  requital 报答；报应  the wages of sin is death  罪恶的报应是死亡 3 (in pl. 用复数) Econ.  the part of total production that rewards labour rather than remunerating capital 【经】工资总额 ●v. tr.  carry on (a war, conflict, or contest) 进行；开始(战争、争斗或竞争) [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Norman French wage, Old French g(u)age, from Germanic: related to GAGE1, WED]

wage bill n.  the amount paid in wages to employees 工资单

wage claim n.  = PAY CLAIM 

waged /weidʒd/ adj.  in regular paid employment 有报酬的，有工资的

wage earner n.  a person who works for wages 挣工资的人 □ wage-earning  attrib. adj.  

wager /ˈweidʒə/ n. & v.  = BET  [Middle English from Anglo-French wageure, from wager (as WAGE)]

wager of battle n. hist.  an ancient form of trial by personal combat between the parties or their champions [史义]决斗断讼法 [probably from WAGE, in the obsolete sense ‘pledge to do battle’]

wager of law n. hist.  a form of trial in which the defendant was required to produce witnesses who would swear to his or her innocence [史义]宣誓负责断讼法(要求被告提供宣誓证人证明自己的清白) [probably from WAGE, in the obsolete sense ‘give (one's word, etc.) as a pledge’]

wages council n. Brit.  a board of workers' and employers' representatives determining wages where there is no collective bargaining [英]工资管理委员会

wage slave n.  a person dependent on income from labour in conditions like slavery 工资奴隶，(奴隶般的)雇佣劳动者

waggery /ˈwæɡ(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  waggish behaviour, joking 开玩笑；诙谐 2  a waggish action or remark, a joke 玩笑，笑话，俏皮话

waggish /ˈwæɡiʃ/ adj.  playful, facetious 爱开玩笑的；诙谐的 □ waggishly  adv.  □ waggishness  n.  

waggle /ˈwæɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  wag 摇动，摆动 2 intr. Golf  swing the club-head to and fro over the ball before playing a shot 【高尔夫球】(击球前)来回摆动球棒的前端 ●n.  a waggling motion 来回摆动 [WAG1 + -LE4]

waggly /ˈwæɡli/ adj.  unsteady 摇摇晃晃的

Wagnerian /vɑ:ɡˈniəriən/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of, relating to, or characteristic of the operas of Richard Wagner, German composer d. 1883, esp. with reference to their large scale (德国作曲家)瓦格纳(卒于 1883 年)的；(尤指)有瓦格纳作品风格的 ●n.  an admirer of Wagner or his music 瓦格纳(或瓦格纳音乐)的崇拜者

Wagner tuba /ˈvɑ:ɡnə/ n.  a brass wind instrument resembling a tuba but with a sound between that of a tuba and that of a French horn 瓦格纳号(一种乐器)

wagon /ˈwæɡ(ə)n/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] waggon)  1  a four-wheeled vehicle for heavy loads, often with a removable tilt or cover 四轮运货马车(常带篷) 2 Brit.  a railway vehicle for goods, esp. an open truck [英]铁路货车(尤指敞篷车) 3  a trolley for conveying tea etc. (送茶等的)手推车 4 (in full 全称 water wagon)  a vehicle for carrying water 运水车 5 N. Amer.  a light horse-drawn vehicle [北美]轻型马拉车 6 colloq.  a motor car, esp. an estate car [口]汽车，(尤指)客货两用车 □ on the wagon (or Brit. [英] water wagon)  colloq.  teetotal [口]戒酒 [earlier wagon, wag(h)en, from Dutch wag(h)en, related to Old English wœgn WAIN]

wagoner /ˈwæɡ(ə)nə/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] waggoner)  the driver of a wagon (运货马车的)车夫 [Dutch wagenaar (as WAGON)]

wagonette /wæɡəˈnet/ n. (also Brit. [亦英] waggonette)  a four-wheeled horse-drawn pleasure vehicle, usu. open, with facing side seats (通常为敞篷，有两排面对面座位的)四轮游览轻便马车

wagon-lit /væɡɒ˜ˈli:/ n. (pl. wagons-lits pronunc. same 单复发音同)  a sleeping car on a Continental railway (欧洲大陆的)铁路卧车 [French]

wagonload /ˈwæɡ(ə)nləʊd/ n.  as much as a wagon can carry 运货马车载荷；货车载荷

wagon-roof n. (also 亦作 wagon-vault)  = BARREL VAULT 

wagon train n.  a succession of wagons, esp. hist. as used by pioneers or settlers in N. America 马车队；[尤史义] (北美向西部拓疆或移民的)马车队

wagtail /ˈwæɡteil/ n.  any small bird of the genus Motacilla with a long tail in frequent motion 鹡鸰(体小，尾长且常摆动)

Wahabi /wəˈhɑ:bi/ n. (also 亦作 Wahhabi) (pl. -is)  a member of a sect of Muslim puritans following strictly the original words of the Koran (伊斯兰教)瓦哈比教派的教徒 [named after Muhammad ibn Abd-el-Wahhab, 18th c. founder of the sect]

wahine /wɑ:ˈhi:ni/ n. NZ  a woman or wife [新]妇女；妻子 [Maori]

wahoo1 /wɑ:ˈhu:/ n. & int. ●n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a (in full 全称 wahoo elm)  a N. American elm, Ulmus alata (北美)翅榆b  a N. American spindle tree, Euonymus atropurpureus (北美)卫矛 2  a large fast-swimming tropical marine fish, Acanthocybium solanderi, of the tuna family 刺鲅鱼(属鲭科) ●int.  = YAHOO2  [sense 1b from Sioux wanhu ‘arrow-wood’; int. probably from WAHOO2; senses 1a (18th c.) and 2 (20th c.) of unknown origin]

wahoo2 /wɑ:ˈhu:/ int. N. Amer.  expressing exuberance or triumph [北美]啊哈(表示兴奋或胜利) [a natural exclamation]

wah-wah /ˈwɑ:wɑ:/ n. (also 亦作 wa-wa) Mus.  an effect achieved on brass instruments by alternately applying and removing a mute and on an electric guitar by controlling the output from the amplifier with a pedal 【音】“哇哇”声(在铜管乐器上交替使用弱音器或在电吉他上用踏板控制放大器的音量输出而达到的一种效果) [imitative]

waif /weif/ n.  1  a homeless and helpless person, esp. an abandoned child 无家可归的人；(尤指)流浪儿 2  an ownerless object or animal, a thing cast up by or drifting in the sea or brought by an unknown agency 无主失物；无主动物；(海上)漂流物；拾得的物品 □ waifish  adj.   [Middle English from Anglo-French waif, weif, Old Norman French gaif, probably of Scandinavian origin]

waifs and strays n. pl.  1  homeless or neglected children 无家可归者；弃儿 2  odds and ends 零碎东西

wail /weil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a prolonged plaintive inarticulate loud high-pitched cry of pain, grief, etc. 尖啸；恸哭 2  a sound like or suggestive of this 尖啸声；恸哭声 ●v.  1 intr.  utter a wail 恸哭；尖啸 2 intr.  lament or complain persistently or bitterly 哀诉；抱怨 3 intr. (of the wind etc.) make a sound like a person wailing (风等)呼啸；悲号 4 tr. poet. or literary  bewail; wail over [诗] [文学用语]悲怨；哀号着诉说 □ wailer  n.  □ wailful  adj. poet. [诗]  □ wailingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old Norse: related to WOE]

Wailing Wall n.  a high wall in Jerusalem said to stand on the site of Herod's temple, where Jews traditionally pray and lament on Fridays 哭墙(耶路撒冷第二圣殿的残壁，犹太人作为祈祷凭吊的场所)

wain /wein/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a wagon 四轮运货马车 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  = CHARLES'S WAIN  [Old English wœg(e)n, wœˉn from Germanic: related to WAY, WEIGH1]

wainscot /ˈweinskɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  boarding or wooden panelling on the lower part of a room-wall (室内墙壁下部的)护墙板；墙裙 2 Brit. hist.  imported oak of fine quality [英史义]进口优质白栎木(作装饰镶板用) ●v. tr. (wainscoted, wainscoting or wainscotted, wainscotting)  line with wainscot 装护墙板 [Middle English from Middle Low German wagenschot, apparently from wagen WAGON + schot, perhaps meaning ‘boarding, planking’]

wainscoting /ˈweinskɒtiŋ/ n. (also 亦作 wainscotting)  1  a wainscot 护墙板 2  material for this 护墙板材料

wainwright /ˈweinrait/ n. archaic  a wagon-builder [古义] (四轮)马车修造工

waist /weist/ n.  1  a  the part of the human body below the ribs and above the hips, usu. of smaller circumference than these; the narrower middle part of the normal human figure 腰，腰部b  the circumference of this 腰围 2  a similar narrow part in the middle of a violin, hourglass, wasp, etc. (小提琴、沙漏等的)中间细部；(黄蜂等昆虫的)细腰 3  a  the part of a garment encircling or covering the waist (衣服的)腰围；腰身部分b  the narrow middle part of a woman's dress etc. (女装等中间的)紧身部分c US  a blouse or bodice [美]女子的上衣或胸衣 4  the middle part of a ship, between the forecastle and the quarterdeck 船腰(前甲板和后甲板之间的部分) □ waisted  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ waistless  adj.   [Middle English wast, perhaps from an Old English word from the Germanic root of WAX2]

waistband /ˈwe(t)stbænd/ n.  a strip of cloth forming the waist of a garment 腰带，裙带

waist-cloth n.  a loincloth 围腰布

waistcoat /ˈweis(t)kəʊt, ˈweskət/ n. Brit.  a close-fitting waist-length garment, without sleeves or collar but usu. buttoned, worn usu. by men over a shirt and under a jacket [英]马甲，西装背心

waist-deep adj. & adv. (also 亦作 waist-high)  1  immersed up to the waist 浸至腰部(的)，齐腰浸着(的)  waist-deep in water  浸在齐腰深的水中 2  so deep as to reach the waist 齐腰深的(地)

waistline /ˈweis(t)lain/ n.  the outline or the size of a person's body at the waist 腰围(尺寸)

wait /weit/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a  defer action or departure for a specified time or until some expected event occurs 等，等候，等待  wait a minute  等一会儿 wait till I come  等到我来 wait for a fine day  等待好天气b  be expectant or on the watch 盼望，期待；密切注意  waited to see what would happen  密切注意要发生的事c (foll. by 后跟 for)  refrain from going so fast that (a person) is left behind (走路时为了不让某人落下)停下来等候  wait for me!  等等我！ 2 tr.  await (an opportunity, one's turn, etc.) 等待，期待(时机，轮到自己等) 3 tr. colloq.  defer (a meal etc.) until a person's arrival [口]为等待某人而推迟(开饭等) 4 intr. (usu. as 通常作 waiting n.)  park a vehicle for a short time at the side of a road etc. (机动车在路边等处)暂停  no waiting  不准停车 5 intr.  a (in full 全形 wait at (or N. Amer. [北美] on) table)  act as a waiter or as a servant with similar functions (指侍者或佣人)招待用餐b  act as an attendant 当招待，当侍者 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  a  await the convenience of 服侍，照顾b  serve as an attendant to 接待；陪侍；侍应c  pay a respectful visit to 拜访，谒见 ●n.  1  a period of waiting 等待；等待的时间  had a long wait for the train  等火车等了很长时间 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  watching for an enemy; ambush 警戒(监视)敌人；埋伏  lie in wait  埋伏以待 lay wait  隐蔽埋伏着 3 (in pl. 用复数) Brit. [英]  a archaic  street singers of Christmas carols [古义] (唱圣诞颂歌的)街头乐团b hist.  official bands of musicians maintained by a city or town [史义]英国的市镇公共乐队 □ cannot wait   1  is impatient 等不及 2  needs to be dealt with immediately 需立刻解决□ can wait   need not be dealt with immediately 暂缓处理；推迟□ wait and see   await the progress of events 等等看；等着瞧□ wait for it!  Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  do not begin before the proper moment 等适当的时机到来再说 2  used to create an interval of suspense before saying something unexpected or amusing (用以在说出其不意或有趣的事之前制造悬念)等着(听)吧！ □ wait on  Austral., NZ & N. Engl.  be patient, wait [澳新和英格兰北部]耐心等待□ wait up  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  not go to bed until a person arrives or an event happens (为等候某人或某事)熬夜；不睡觉□ you wait!   used to imply a threat, warning, or promise (用以表示威胁、警告或应允)等着瞧吧！  [Middle English via Old Northern French waitier from Germanic: related to WAKE1]

wait-a-bit n.  a plant with hooked thorns etc. that catch the clothing 荆棘，有刺植物

waiter /ˈweitə/ n.  1  a man or US a woman who serves at table in a hotel or restaurant etc. (旅店、餐厅等的)服务员，男侍者；[美]女侍者 2  a person who waits for a time, event, or opportunity 等候者(等候时间、事件或机会) 3  a tray or salver 托盘，盘子

waiting /ˈweitiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of WAIT v. 用于 WAIT 的动词各释义 2  a  official attendance at court (宫廷中的)侍奉，侍侯b  one's period of this 侍奉期间

waiting game n.  abstention from early action in a contest etc. so as to act more effectively later (比赛等中)伺机而动的策略；拖延战术

waiting list n.  a list of people waiting for a thing not immediately available 等候者名单；待任命者的名单

waiting room n.  a room provided for people to wait in, esp. by a doctor, dentist, etc., or at a railway or bus station 等候室；(尤指)候诊室；候车室

waitperson /ˈweitpɜ:s(ə)n/ n. esp. US  a waiter or waitress (used to avoid sexual distinction) [尤美]侍者，服务员(男性或女性，用以避免性别区别)

waitress /ˈweitris/ n.  a woman who serves at table in a hotel or restaurant etc. (旅店或饭店等的)女招待，女侍者

waitressing /ˈweitrisiŋ/ n.  the occupation of working as a waitress 做女招待的职业

waive /weiv/ v. tr.  refrain from insisting on or using (a right, claim, opportunity, legitimate plea, etc.) 不坚持或放弃(权利、要求、机会、合法的申辩等) [Middle English from Anglo-French weyver, Old French gaiver ‘allow to become a WAIF, abandon’]

waiver /ˈweivə/ n. Law 【法律】  1  the act or an instance of waiving (自动)放弃，弃权 2  a document recording this 弃权声明书

wake1 /weik/ v. & n. ●v. (past woke /wəʊk/ or waked; past part. woken /ˈwəʊk(ə)n/ or waked)  1 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  cease or cause to cease to sleep 醒，醒来；唤醒，弄醒 2 intr. & tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become or cause to become alert, attentive, or active (使)警觉；注意；活跃  needs something to wake him up  需用什么让他醒过来 3 tr.  disturb (silence or a place) with noise; make re-echo 以噪声搅扰(宁静或某地)；使骚动；使反复回响 4 tr.  evoke (an echo) 引起(回声) 5 intr. & tr.  rise or raise from the dead (使)苏醒；(使)复活 ●n.  1  a watch or vigil beside a corpse before burial; lamentation and (less often) merrymaking in connection with this (葬礼前的)守夜，守灵；(守灵时的)悲悼及(少有的)玩乐 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an annual holiday in (industrial) northern England (英格兰北部工业区的)年假 3 Brit. hist. [英史义]  a  a vigil commemorating the dedication of a church (教堂中守护神节前的)守夜b  a fair or merrymaking on this occasion 守护神节的庆祝活动 □ be a wake-up  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) Austral. colloq.  be alert or aware [澳口]警觉的；完全知道的□ waker  n.   [Old English wacan (recorded only in past woc), wacian (weak form), related to WATCH: the sense ‘vigil’ perhaps from Old Norse]

wake2 /weik/ n.  1  the track left on the water's surface by a moving ship (航行中船留下的)船迹 2  turbulent air left behind a moving aircraft etc. (飞行中飞机等飞行物留下的)尾流，余迹 □ in the wake of   behind, following, as a result of, in imitation of 在…之后；接踵而来的；作为…的结果；仿效 [probably via Middle Low German from Old Norse vök ‘hole or opening in ice’]

wakeful /ˈweikfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  unable to sleep 不能入睡的；醒着的 2 (of a night etc.) passed with little or no sleep (指夜晚等)不眠的 3  vigilant 警觉的，戒备的 □ wakefully  adv.  □ wakefulness  n.  

waken /ˈweik(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become awake 弄醒；醒来 [Old English waecnan, from Germanic]

wake-robin n.  1 Brit.  an arum, esp. the cuckoo pint [英]海芋植物，(尤指)白星海芋 2 N. Amer.  any plant of the genus Trillium [北美]延龄草

wakey-wakey /weikiˈweiki/ int.  used to wake a person up (用来叫醒某人)醒醒！醒醒！ [reduplicated extension of WAKE1 v.]

waking /ˈweikiŋ/ adj.  awake 醒着的，不眠的  in her waking hours  在她醒着的时候 waking or sleeping  无论睡着还是醒着

waking dream  see 见 DREAM n. 1c 

Walachian var.  of WALLACHIAN  WALLACHIAN 的变体

Waldenses /wɒlˈdensi:z/ n. pl.  a puritan religious sect originally in southern France, now chiefly in Italy and America, founded c. 1170 and much persecuted 韦尔多派(最初出现在法国南部的一个清教派别，现主要在意大利和美国，创建于 1170 年，曾遭迫害) □ Waldensian  adj. & n.   [medieval Latin, named after its founder Peter Waldo of Lyons]

wale /weil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  = WEAL1  2  a ridge on a woven fabric, e.g. corduroy (如灯心绒等织物的)凸条纹 3 Naut.  a broad thick timber along a ship's side 【海】船舷的缘板 4  a specially woven strong band round a woven basket (篮子的)箍条 ●v. tr.  provide or mark with wales 箍住；将…编织出凸条纹；把…抽出血痕 [Old English walu ‘stripe, ridge’]

wale-knot n.  a knot made at the end of a rope by intertwining strands to prevent unravelling or act as a stopper (防止绳索散开或起絷索作用的)绳头结

Wales /weilz/ n.  威尔士 [英国的一部分]

walk /wɔ:k/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a person or other biped) progress by lifting and setting down each foot in turn, never having both feet off the ground at once (人或其他两足动物)走，行走b  progress with similar movements (类似的)行进，移动  walked on his hands  他用手倒立行走。c  go with the gait usual except when speed is desired 散步，漫步d (of a quadruped) go with the slowest gait, always having at least two feet on the ground at once (指四足动物)慢步走 2 intr.  a  travel or go on foot 步行，散步b  take exercise in this way (为锻炼)步行，散步  walks for two hours each day  每天散步两小时 3 tr.  perambulate, traverse on foot at walking speed, tread the floor or surface of 步测；徒步检查 4 tr.  a  cause to walk with one 使…与之同行b  accompany in walking 陪…走c  ride or lead (a horse, dog, etc.) at walking pace (骑着马或牵着狗等)走，遛d  take charge of (a puppy) at walk (see sense 4 of n. 见名词释义 4) 训练(小狗)走路 5 intr. (of a ghost) appear (指鬼魂)出现 6 intr. Cricket (of a batsman) leave the wicket without waiting for the umpire to declare him out 【板球】(击球手未等裁判判定其退场而)离开三柱门 7 Baseball 【棒球】  a intr.  reach first base on being entitled to do so after not hitting at four balls pitched outside specified limits (击球员因投手投出 4 个坏球而)自由上垒b tr.  allow to do this 允许自由上垒 8 intr. archaic  live in a specified manner, conduct oneself [古义]处事，为人；生活  walk humbly  为人谦卑 walk with God  与主同在 9 intr. N. Amer. slang  be released from suspicion or from a charge [北美] [俚语]解脱嫌疑(或指控) ●n.  1  a  an act of walking, the ordinary human gait 走，步行；步速  go at a walk  步行b  the slowest gait of an animal (动物的)极慢的步速c  a person's manner of walking 步态  know him by his walk  看走路的样子知道是他 2  a (an act or instance of) travelling a specified distance on foot 行走的距离(或路程)  is only ten minutes' walk from here  从这里步行只有 10 分钟的路程 it's quite a walk to the bus stop  到汽车站有相当一段距离b  an excursion on foot; a stroll 徒步游览；漫步，散步  go for a walk  去散步。c  a journey on foot completed to earn money promised for a charity etc. (为慈善等事业募捐所做的)徒步旅行 3  a  a place, track, or route intended or suitable for walking; a promenade, colonnade, or footpath 散步(或步行)的场所或路线；公共散步场所、柱廊或小路b  a person's favourite place or route for walking (个人爱去散步的)地方或路线c esp. Brit.  the round of a postman, hawker, etc. [尤英] (邮递员、零售商贩等)固定的路线 4 esp. Brit.  a farm etc. where a hound-puppy is sent to accustom it to various surroundings [尤英] (饲养或训练小猎犬的)农场等 5  the place where a gamecock is kept 斗鸡场 6  a part of a forest under one keeper (护林人的)管区 □ in a walk   without effort 轻而易举  won in a walk  轻易取胜□ walk about   stroll 散步□ walk all over  colloq. [口]  1  defeat easily 轻易地击败 2  take advantage of 利用；乘…之便□ walk away from   1  easily outdistance 轻易地胜过 2  refuse to become involved with; fail to deal with 拒绝与…有关；未能处理 3  survive (an accident etc.) without serious injury (从事故等中)平安脱险□ walk away with  colloq. [口]  = walk off with □ walk the boards   be an actor 当演员□ walk the hospitals   = walk the wards □ walk in  (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  enter or arrive, esp. unexpectedly or easily (尤指出人意料或轻易地)走进；到达□ walk into  colloq. [口]  1  encounter through unwariness 不慎陷入  walked into the trap  误入陷阱，落入圈套 2  get (a job) easily 轻易地获得(工作)□ walk it   1  make a journey on foot, not ride 徒步旅行 2 colloq.  achieve something (esp. a victory) easily [口]轻易取得(尤指胜利)□ walk Matilda   see 见 MATILDA □ walk off   1  depart (esp. abruptly) (尤指突然地)离开 2  get rid of the effects of (a meal, ailment, feeling, etc.) by walking 以散步来消除(化) (食物、烦闷或某种情感等)  walked off his anger  他散步以消气□ walk a person off his (or her) feet (or legs)   exhaust a person with walking 使某人走得筋疲力尽□ walk off with  colloq. [口]  1  steal 偷，窃走 2  win easily 轻易取胜□ walk on air   see 见 AIR □ walk out   1  depart suddenly or angrily (突然或生气地)离开 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with) Brit. archaic  go for walks in courtship [英古义] (求爱时的)散步□ walk out on   desert, abandon 遗弃；抛弃□ walk over   1 colloq. [口]  = walk all over  2 (often absol. [常含宾])  traverse (a racecourse) without needing to hurry, because one has no opponents or only inferior ones (因无对手或对手太弱而)轻而易举地取胜□ walk the plank   see 见 PLANK □ walk the streets   1  be a prostitute 做妓女 2  traverse the streets esp. in search of work etc. (尤指为找工作等的)走街串巷□ walk tall  colloq.  feel justifiable pride [口] (理直气壮地)感到骄傲□ walk up!  Brit.  a showman's invitation to a circus etc. [英]请进！(在马戏团等门外招呼观众用语)□ walk up to   approach (a person) for a talk etc. (为同某人谈话等)走近□ walk the wards   be a medical student 从医；学医□ walkable  adj.   [Old English wealcan ‘roll, toss, wander’, from Germanic]

walkabout /ˈwɔ:kəbaʊt/ n.  1 esp. Brit.  an informal stroll among a crowd by a visiting dignitary [尤英] (来访的要人到群众中去的)露面散步 2 Austral.  a period of wandering in the bush by an Australian Aborigine [澳] (澳大利亚土著人的)短期丛林流浪生活 □ go walkabout  Austral.  go on a walkabout [澳]进行短期丛林流浪生活

walkathon /ˈwɔ:kəθɒn/ n.  an organized fund-raising walk (为特定事业筹款而组织的)步行马拉松 [WALK, on the pattern of MARATHON]

walker /ˈwɔ:kə/ n.  1  a person or animal that walks 步行者；步行动物 2  a  a wheeled or footed framework in which a baby can learn to walk (帮助小孩学走路用的)学步车b  = WALKING FRAME 

walkies /ˈwɔ:kiz/ int. & n. ●int.  a command to a dog to prepare for a walk 走(向狗发出准备走路的命令) ●n. pl. colloq. or joc.  a walk or a spell of walking, esp. with a dog [口] [诙] (尤指与狗)散步或走一会儿  take it walkies  带它散会儿步去 □ go walkies  colloq. or joc. [口] [诙]  1  go for a walk 去散步 2  go missing 失踪；下落不明  some equipment went walkies  某些设备下落不明

walkie-talkie /wɔ:kiˈtɔ:ki/ n.  a two-way radio carried on the person, esp. by policemen etc. (尤指警察等携带的)步话机，对讲机

walk-in attrib. adj. (of a storage area) large enough to walk into (指储物区)大得能容人走进的

walking delegate n.  a trade-union official who visits members and their employers for discussions (负责协调劳资关系的)工会巡视员，工会代表

walking dictionary n. (also 亦作 walking encyclopedia) colloq.  a person having a wide general knowledge [口]活字典(指知识广博的人)

walking fern n.  any American evergreen fern of the genus Camptosorus, with fronds that root at the ends 根叶过山蕨(美洲常绿蕨类植物)

walking frame n. Brit.  a usu. tubular metal frame with rubberized ferrules, used by disabled or old people to help them walk [英]助行架(伤残人或老人用以助行的一种金属架)

walking gentleman n. (also 亦有 walking lady) Theatr.  a non-speaking extra; a supernumerary 【戏】无台词的临时(男)演员，(男)群众演员

walking leaf n.  = WALKING FERN 

walking-on part n. Brit.  a non-speaking dramatic role [英]无台词的小角色，龙套角色

walking papers n. pl. colloq.  dismissal [口]解雇书  gave him his walking papers  把解雇书给他

walking shoe n.  a sturdy, practical shoe for walking (结实、实用的)步行鞋

walking stick n.  1  a stick carried when walking, esp. for extra support 手杖 2 N. Amer. [北美]  = STICK INSECT 

walking tour n.  a holiday journey on foot, esp. of several days (尤指外出多日的)徒步旅行度假

walking wounded n. (pl. same 单复同) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  1  a casualty able to walk despite injuries 受伤后还能行走的人 2 colloq.  a person having esp. mental or emotional difficulties [口] (尤指)在精神或感情方面有问题的人

Walkman /ˈwɔ:kmən/ n. (pl. -mans or -men) propr.  a type of personal stereo [商标]随身听

walk of life n.  an occupation, profession, or calling 职业；专门职业；行业

walk-on n.  1 (in full 全称 walk-on part)  a non-speaking dramatic role 无台词的龙套角色 2  an actor playing this 跑龙套的演员，无台词的小角色演员

walkout /ˈwɔ:kaʊt/ n.  a sudden angry departure, esp. as a protest or strike 突然气愤地离去(尤指为表示抗议或罢工)

walkover /ˈwɔ:kəʊvə/ n.  an easy victory or achievement 轻易取得的胜利(或成绩)

walk-up adj. & n. N. Amer. [北美] ●adj. (of a building) allowing access to the upper floors only by stairs (楼房)无电梯的，只能走楼梯的 ●n.  a walk-up building 无电梯的大楼

walkway /ˈwɔ:kwei/ n. a passage or path for walking along 人行道；通道 , esp. (尤指):  1  a raised passageway connecting different sections of a building (连接建筑物各部分的)高架通道 2  a wide path in a garden etc. (花园等中的)宽路径

wall /wɔ:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a continuous and usu. vertical structure of usu. brick or stone, having little width in proportion to its length and height and esp. enclosing, protecting, or dividing a space or supporting a roof 墙；围墙；城墙b  the surface of a wall, esp. inside a room 墙壁  hung the picture on the wall  把图片挂在墙上 2  anything like a wall in appearance or effect, esp. 形状或作用如墙的，尤指 :a  the steep side of a mountain 山的峭壁b  a protection or obstacle 防护；屏障  a wall of steel bayonets  钢刀墙 a wall of indifference  冷漠之墙c Anat.  the outermost layer or enclosing membrane etc. of an organ, structure, etc. 【解】(器官组织等的)外壁；膜壁等d  the outermost part of a hollow structure (中空结构的)外壁  stomach wall  胃壁e Mining  rock enclosing a lode or seam 【采矿学】(护住矿脉或矿层的)石壁 ●v. tr.  1 (esp. as 尤作 walled adj.)  surround or protect with a wall 用墙围住(或防护)  walled garden  有围墙的花园 2  a (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 up, off)  block or seal (a space etc.) with a wall 用墙堵住或封闭(一个空间等)b (foll. by 后跟 up)  enclose (a person) within a sealed space 把(人)关起来；禁闭  walled them up in the dungeon  把他们关进地牢 □ go to the wall   be defeated or pushed aside 被打败；被迫让步；让位□ go up the wall  colloq.  become crazy or furious [口]发疯；愤怒  went up the wall when he heard  他听了便狂怒起来□ off the wall  (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) esp. N. Amer. slang  unorthodox, unconventional [尤北美] [俚语]非正统的；不依惯例的□ walls have ears   it is unsafe to speak openly, as there may be eavesdroppers (谚语)隔墙有耳□ wall-to-wall   1 (of a carpet) fitted to cover a whole room etc. (指地毯)铺满整个地面的 2 colloq.  profuse, ubiquitous [口]极其丰富的；到处存在的  wall-to-wall pop music  无处不在的流行音乐□ walling  n.  □ wall-less  adj.   [Old English from Latin vallum ‘rampart’, from vallus ‘stake’]

wallaby /ˈwɒləbi/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  any of various marsupials of the family Macropodidae, smaller than kangaroos, and having large hind feet and long tails 沙袋鼠(一种中小体形的袋鼠，后脚大，尾巴长) 2 (作 Wallabies) colloq.  the Australian international Rugby Union team [口]澳大利亚国际橄榄球队 □ on the wallaby (or wallaby track)  Austral.  vagrant; unemployed [澳]在流浪；失业的 [Dharuk walabi or waliba]

Wallachian /wɒˈleikiən, vəˈlækiən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Walachian) ●adj.  of the former Principality of Wallachia, now part of Romania (原)瓦拉几亚公国(现罗马尼亚的一部分)的 ●n.  a native of Wallachia 瓦拉几亚人 [Wallachia (as VLACH)]

wallah /ˈwɒlə/ n. orig. Anglo-Ind., now slang [源于印英] [现俚语]  1  a person concerned with or in charge of a usu. specified thing, business, etc. 与某事物有关的人；(通常为某一具体的工作、事务的)负责人  asked the ticket wallah  询问售票员 2  a person doing a routine administrative job; a bureaucrat 从事日常行政工作的人，公务员；官僚 [Hindi suffix -wɑˉlɑˉ = -ER1]

wallaroo /wɒləˈru:/ n.  a large brownish-black kangaroo, Macropus robustus 岩大袋鼠 [Dharuk walaru]

wall bar n. Brit.  one of a set of parallel bars, attached to the wall of a gymnasium, on which exercises are performed [英] (在体育馆或健身房靠墙安装的)肋木

wall-barley n.  wild barley as a weed 鼠大麦

wallboard /ˈwɔ:lbɔ:d/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  any of various types of board made from wood pulp, plaster, etc., used for covering walls and ceilings 护墙板(用木浆或灰泥等制成的板，用作墙壁和天花板的护板) 2  a piece of this 一块护墙板

wallchart /ˈwɔ:ltʃɑ:t/ n.  a chart or poster designed for display on a wall as a teaching aid, source of information, etc. 挂图(用作辅助教学、说明信息来源等)

wallcovering /ˈwɔ:lkʌv(ə)riŋ/ n.  a wallpaper or other material used to cover and decorate interior walls 壁纸；墙面涂料

wall cress n.  = ARABIS 

wallet /ˈwɒlit/ n.  1  a small flat esp. leather case for holding banknotes etc. (放钞票等的)钱包；(尤指)皮夹 2 archaic  a bag for carrying food etc. on a journey, esp. as used by a pilgrim or beggar [古义] (尤指朝圣者或乞丐用来装食品等的)行囊，旅行袋 [Middle English walet, probably via Anglo-French from a Germanic word related to WELL2]

wall-eye /ˈwɔ:lai/ n.  1  a  an eye with a streaked or opaque white iris 角膜白斑眼b  an eye squinting outwards 外斜视眼 2  an American perch, Stizostedion vitreum, with large prominent eyes also called 亦称作 wall-eyed pike 美洲鲈鱼(眼睛大而暴突) □ wall-eyed  adj.   [back-formation from wall-eyed: Middle English from Old Norse vagleygr from vagl (unrecorded: cf. Icelandic vagl ‘film over the eye’) + auga EYE]

wall fern n.  an evergreen polypody, Polypodium vulgare, with very large leaves 水龙骨(一种长青、叶大的瓦苇属植物)

wallflower /ˈwɔ:lflaʊə/ n.  1  a spring-flowering garden plant, Erisymum cheiri, with fragrant yellow, orange-red, or dark red flowers 墙头花，桂竹香(一种春天开花的园艺植物，开芳香的黄色、橘黄或深红色花) 2 colloq.  a neglected or socially awkward person, esp. a woman sitting out at a dance for lack of partners [口]舞会中无舞伴或因不善交际而坐在一旁的人(尤指女子)

wall-fruit n.  fruit grown on trees trained against a wall for protection and warmth 篱壁果树结的果实

wall game n. Brit.  a form of football played at Eton [英] (伊顿公学)对墙踢的足球游戏

wall hanging n.  a usu. large decorative tapestry etc. for display on an interior wall 壁挂；挂毯；织锦画

wall-hung adj. (often 常作 attrib.)  = WALL-MOUNTED 

wall-knot n.  = WALE-KNOT 

wall-mounted adj. (often 常作 attrib.)  attached by a bracket or other support to a wall 用托架或其他支撑物附在墙上的；壁挂式的

Walloon /wɒˈlu:n/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a French-speaking people inhabiting S. and E. Belgium and neighbouring France (cf. 参见 FLEMING 2) 瓦龙人(讲法语，居住在比利时南部、东部以及邻近的法国地区) 2  the French dialect spoken by this people 瓦龙话(瓦龙人讲的一种法国方言) ●adj.  of or concerning the Walloons or their language 瓦龙人的；瓦龙语的 [French Wallon from medieval Latin Wallo -onis, from Germanic: cf. WELSH]

wallop /ˈwɒləp/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr. (walloped, walloping)  1  a  thrash; beat 猛击；敲打b  hit hard 痛打 2 (as 作 walloping adj.)  big; strapping; thumping 高大的；魁梧的；极大的  a walloping profit  极高的利润 ●n.  1  a heavy blow; a thump 重击；猛击 2 Brit.  beer or any alcoholic drink [英]啤酒；酒 □ walloping  n.   [earlier senses ‘gallop’, ‘boil’: Middle English from Old Northern French waloper, Old French galoper: cf. GALLOP]

walloper /ˈwɒləpə/ n.  1  a person or thing that wallops 猛击者；巨大的东西 2 Austral. slang  a police officer [澳] [俚语]警官

wallow /ˈwɒləʊ/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (esp. of an animal) roll about in mud, sand, water, etc. (尤指动物在泥、沙、水等中)打滚儿 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 in)  indulge in unrestrained sensuality, pleasure, misery, etc. 沉湎于(无法自制的声色、快乐、悲伤)之中  wallowing in nostalgia  沉湎于怀旧的感情之中 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of wallowing 享乐；放纵 2  a  a place used by buffalo etc. for wallowing (水牛等经常在其中打滚儿的)泥沼，水坑b  the depression in the ground caused by this (动物打滚儿造成的)洼地，坑 □ wallower  n.   [Old English walwian ‘to roll’, from Germanic]

wall painting n.  a mural or fresco 壁画

wallpaper /ˈwɔ:lpeipə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  paper sold in rolls for pasting on to interior walls as decoration 墙纸，壁纸 2 Brit.  an unobtrusive background, esp. (usu. derog. [通常贬]) with reference to sound, music, etc. [英]背景音乐，墙纸音乐(指通过扩音系统传送到餐厅等处的音乐，似从墙纸中透出，故名) ●v. tr. (often absol. [常含宾])  decorate with wallpaper 贴壁纸(于)

wall pepper n.  a succulent stonecrop, Sedum acre, with a pungent taste 苔景天(一种多汁植物，气味刺鼻)

wall-plate n.  timber laid in or on a wall to distribute the pressure of a girder etc. 承梁板(用来分散梁的压力的横木)

wall rocket n.  a yellow-flowered weed, Diplotaxis muralis, emitting a foul smell when crushed 芸苔(野草，开黄花，碾碎时散发难闻的气味)

wall rue n.  a small fern, Asplenium ruta-muraria, with leaves like rue, growing on walls and rocks 墙生铁角蕨(小蕨类植物，叶似芸香，长于墙壁或岩石上)

wall space n.  space on the surface of a wall, available for use (墙面的可利用)空白

Wall Street n.  the American financial world or money market 华尔街(美国金融界或金融市场的代名词) [a street in New York City where banks, the Stock Exchange, etc. are situated]

wall-to-wall attrib. adj.  1 (of carpeting etc.) covering the entire floor area up to the walls (指地毯等)铺满整个地面的 2  endless; exclusive of all else 无穷的；无尽的；包括一切的  wall-to-wall coverage of sport  包罗万象的娱乐 wall-to-wall silence  死寂

Wally /ˈwɒli/   沃利 [人名]

wally /ˈwɒli/ n. (pl. -ies) Brit. slang  a foolish or inept person [英] [俚语]笨蛋；无能的人 [origin uncertain, perhaps a shortened form of Walter]

walnut /ˈwɔ:lnʌt/ n.  1 (also 亦作 walnut tree)  a tree of the genus Juglans, having aromatic leaves and drooping catkins 胡桃属植物(叶子气味芬芳，有垂悬的穗状花序)；胡桃树，核桃树 2  the nut of this tree, containing a wrinkled edible kernel in two halves, and enclosed in a green fruit 胡桃，核桃(指果实) 3  the timber of the walnut tree used in cabinetmaking 胡桃木(用于制家具) [Old English walh-hnutu from a Germanic word meaning ‘foreign nut’]

Walpurgis night /vælˈpʊəɡis/ n.  the eve of 1 May when witches are alleged to meet on the Brocken mountain in Germany and hold revels with the Devil 沃尔珀吉斯之夜(根据德国神话，在 4 月 30 日夜晚巫婆们在布罗肯山聚会与魔鬼狂欢作乐) [German Walpurgisnacht from Walpurgis (genitive of Walpurga, the name of an 8th c. English woman saint) + Nacht NIGHT]

walrus /ˈwɔ:lrəs, ˈwɒl-/ n.  a large amphibious long-tusked Arctic mammal, Odobenus rosmarus, related to the seal and sea lion 海象(北极的两栖哺乳动物，体大，牙长) [probably from Dutch walrus, -ros, perhaps by metathesis (influenced by walvisch ‘whale-fish’) from a word represented by Old English horschwœl ‘horse-whale’]

walrus moustache n.  a long thick drooping moustache 粗长下垂的胡须

Walter /ˈwɔ:ltə/   沃尔特 [人名]

waltz /wɔ:l(t)s, wɒl-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dance in triple time performed by couples who rotate and progress round the floor 华尔兹舞 2  the usu. flowing and melodious music for this (旋律优美的)华尔兹舞曲 ●v.  1 intr.  dance a waltz 跳华尔兹舞 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, out, round, etc.) colloq.  move lightly, casually, with deceptive ease, etc. [口]轻盈、随便或貌似轻松地走动  waltzed in and took first prize  轻松进入并获得第一名 3 tr.  move (a person) in or as if in a waltz, casually or with ease (像跳华尔兹舞似地)轻松地引导(他人)  was waltzed off to Paris  顺利送达巴黎 □ waltz Matilda   see 见 MATILDA □ waltz off with  colloq. [口]  1  steal 偷走 2  win (a prize etc.) easily 轻易赢得(奖品等) [German Walzer from walzen ‘revolve’]

waltzer /ˈwɔ:l(t)sə, ˈwɒl-/ n.  1  a person who dances the waltz 跳华尔兹舞的人 2  a fairground ride in which cars spin round as they are carried round an undulating track (车辆在露天赛场起伏的路上转圈)行驶的路程

wampum /ˈwɒmpəm/ n.  beads made from shells and strung together for use as money, decoration, or as aids to memory by N. American Indians (北美印第安人用作货币、饰品或帮助记忆的)贝壳串珠 [Algonquian wampumpeag, from wap ‘white’ + umpe ‘string’ + pl. suffix -ag]

wan /wɒn/ adj. (wanner, wannest)  1 (of a person's complexion or appearance) pale; exhausted; worn (人的脸色或面容)苍白的；疲惫的；疲倦的 2 (of a star etc. or its light) partly obscured; faint (星或光等)暗淡的；微弱的 3 archaic (of night, water, etc.) dark, black [古义] (夜、水等)昏暗的；黑的 □ wanly  adv.  □ wanness  /ˈwɒnnis/ n.   [Old English wann ‘dark, black’, of unknown origin]

wand /wɒnd/ n.  1  a  a supposedly magic stick used in casting spells by a fairy, magician, etc. (仙女、魔术师等作法时使用的)魔杖b  a stick used by a conjuror for effect (变戏法的用作道具的)短杖 2  a slender rod carried or used as a marker in the ground 标志杆 3  a staff symbolizing some officials' authority 权杖，权标 4 colloq.  a conductor's baton [口] (乐队指挥用的)指挥棒 5  a hand-held electronic device which can be passed over a bar code to read the data this represents 扫描笔，读出笔(一种能读出条形码、用手操作的电子装置) [Middle English from Old Norse vendr, probably from Germanic and related to WEND, WIND2]

wander /ˈwɒndə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 in, off, etc.)  go about from place to place aimlessly (无目的地)闲逛；漫游 2 intr.  a (of a person, river, road, etc.) wind about; diverge; meander (指人)迂回前进；(指河流、道路等)蜿蜒；迂回曲折地延伸b (of esp. a person) get lost; leave home; stray from a path etc. (尤指人)迷路；离家出走；偏离正道等 3 intr.  talk or think incoherently; be inattentive or delirious 离题；说话不连贯；(思想)走神；神智混乱 4 tr.  cover while wandering 在…漫游  wanders the world  漫游世界 ●n.  the act or an instance of wandering 漫游；漫步；闲逛  went for a wander round the garden  在花园漫步 □ wanderer  n.  □ wandering  n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  漫游；闲逛；胡言乱语 [Old English wandrian (as WEND)]

wandering albatross n.  a very large white albatross, Diomedea exulans, of southern oceans, having black-tipped wings 漂泊信天翁(一种体型很大的白色信天翁)

wandering Jew n.  1  a  a legendary person said to have been condemned by Christ to wander the earth until the second advent 永世流浪的犹太人(传说中的人物，遭耶稣判罚漂泊流浪直至耶稣再现)b  a person who never settles down 流浪者，四处漂泊者 2  a  a climbing plant, Tradescantia albiflora, with stemless variegated leaves 白花紫露草b  a trailing plant, Zebrina pendula, with pink flowers 吊竹梅

wandering sailor n.  the moneywort 铜线状珍珠菜

wanderlust /ˈwɒndəlʌst/ n.  an eagerness for travelling or wandering 旅行癖；漫游癖 [German]

wanderoo /wɒndəˈru:/ n.  = HANUMAN 1  [Sinhalese wanderu ‘monkey’]

wander plug n.  a plug that can be fitted into any of various sockets in an electrical device 万能插头

wane /wein/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1 (of the moon) decrease in apparent size after the full moon (cf. 参见 WAX2) (指月亮)缺，亏 2  decrease in power, vigour, importance, brilliance, size, etc.; decline (在能力、精力、重要性、智力、大小等方面)减低；衰减；变弱；衰退 ●n.  1  the process of waning 减退；衰退(期) 2  a defect of a plank etc. that lacks square corners (木板等)缺棱 □ on the wane   waning; declining 正在减少；正在衰退□ waney  adj. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)   [Old English wanian ‘lessen’, from Germanic]

wangle /ˈwæŋɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr.  1 (often 常作 refl.)  to obtain (a favour etc.) by scheming etc. 用计获得(好处等)  wangled himself a free trip  耍手腕使自己获得了免费旅行 2  alter or fake (a report etc.) to appear more favourable 篡改或伪造(报告等) ●n.  the act or an instance of wangling 欺诈行为；诡计；篡改(或伪造)的东西 □ wangler  n.   [19th-c. printers' slang: origin unknown]

wank /wæŋk/ v. & n. Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语] ●v. intr. & tr.  masturbate 手淫 ●n.  an act of masturbating 手淫行为 [20th c.: origin unknown]

Wankel engine /ˈwæŋk(ə)l, ˈvæŋ-/ n.  a rotary internal-combustion engine in which a curvilinear, triangular, eccentrically pivoted piston rotates in an elliptical chamber, forming three combustion spaces that vary in volume as it turns 汪克尔发动机(一种旋转内燃机，内有一偏心安装的曲线三角活塞在一椭圆形汽缸内旋转，随其转动形成 3 个容积变化的燃烧室) [named after F. Wankel, German engineer d. 1988]

wanker /ˈwæŋkə/ n. Brit. coarse slang [英] [粗俗俚语]  1  a contemptible or ineffectual person 卑鄙或无能的人 2  a person who masturbates 手淫者

wanna /ˈwɒnə/ contr. colloq. [缩合] [口]  1  want to 想要(做)  I wanna win  我想赢 2  want a 想要(个)  I wanna biscuit  我要饼干(或小面包)■Usage 用法说明 Wanna is non-standard and should generally be avoided in both speech and writing. wanna 是非标准英语，一般在讲话和写作中都应避免使用。 

wannabe /ˈwɒnəbi/ n. slang  an avid fan who tries to emulate a particular celebrity or type, esp. in appearance [俚语]追星迷(尤指在外表上努力仿效某位名人或某类人) [representing colloq. pronunciation of want to be]

want /wɒnt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  desire; wish for possession of; need 想要；想得到；需要  wants a toy train  想要个玩具火车 wants it done immediately  需要马上完成 wanted to leave  想离开 wanted him to leave  想让他离开b  need or desire (a person, esp. sexually) 需要或渴望(某人，尤指在性爱方面)c esp. Brit.  require to be attended to in esp. a specified way [尤英]需要特别照料  the garden wants weeding  花园需要除草d (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) colloq.  ought; should; need [口]应该；需要  you want to pull yourself together  你要振作起来 you don't want to overdo it  你不应做得太过分 2 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for)  lack; be deficient 缺乏，欠缺  wants for nothing  什么都不缺 3 tr.  be without or fall short by (esp. a specified amount or thing) 没有或缺少(尤指特定数量或某物)  the drawer wants a handle  抽屉没有拉手 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in, out) esp. US colloq.  desire to be in, out, etc. [尤美口]想要进入或加入；想要离开或退出等  wants in on the deal  想参与交易 5 tr. (as 作 wanted adj.) (of a suspected criminal etc.) sought by the police (指嫌疑犯等)被警方通缉；追捕 ●n.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  a  a lack, absence, or deficiency 缺少，缺乏，不足  could not go for want of time  由于没时间而不能去 shows great want of judgement  说明判断力很差b  poverty; need 贫困；匮乏  living in great want  生活很困苦 in want of necessities  生活必需品匮乏 2  a  a desire for a thing etc. (对某一事物等的)渴望；需要  meets a long-felt want  满足已久的渴望b  a thing so desired 需要的东西；当然的事情  can supply your wants  能满足你的需要 □ do not want to   am unwilling to 不愿意(做)□ wanter  n.   [Middle English from Old Norse vant, neut. of vanr ‘lacking’ = Old English wana, related to WANE]

want ad n. US  a classified newspaper advertisement for something sought [美] (报刊上的)征聘或征求；分类广告

wanting /ˈwɒntiŋ/ adj.  1  lacking (in quality or quantity); deficient, not equal to requirements (在质量上或数量上)欠缺的，不足的；不合要求的  wanting in judgement  缺乏判断力 the standard is sadly wanting  极不符合标准 2  absent, not supplied or provided 缺乏的；未提供或未供给的 □ be found wanting   fail to meet requirements 未达到要求

wanton /ˈwɒnt(ə)n/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  licentious; lewd; sexually promiscuous 放肆的；淫荡的；(性方面)不检点的 2  capricious; random; arbitrary; motiveless 反复无常的；随便的；恣意的；无目的的  wanton destruction  恣意破坏 wanton wind  变化无常的风 3  luxuriant; unrestrained 繁茂的；无节制的  wanton profusion  无节制的浪费 4 archaic  playful; sportive [古义]顽皮的；嬉戏的  a wanton child  顽皮的孩子 ●n. literary  an immoral or licentious person, esp. a woman [文学用语]不道德的或放荡的人(尤指女子) ●v. intr. literary [文学用语]  1  gambol; sport; move capriciously 嬉戏；挥霍；反复无常 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  behave licentiously 行为放荡 □ wantonly  adv.  □ wantonness  /ˈwɒnt(ə)nnis/ n.   [Middle English wantowen, from wan- UN-1 + towen from Old English togen, past part. of tēon ‘discipline’, related to TEAM]

wapentake /ˈwɒp(ə)nteik, ˈwæp-/ n. Brit. hist.  a subdivision of certain northern and midland English counties; a hundred [英史义]英中北部郡以下的小邑；百户村 [Old English wœˉpen(ge)tœc from Old Norse vɑˊpnatak, from vɑˊpn ‘weapon’ + tak ‘taking’ from taka TAKE: perhaps with reference to voting in assembly by a show of weapons]

wapiti /ˈwɒpiti/ n. (pl. wapitis)  a N. American deer, Cervus canadensis, now often regarded as a larger race of the red deer 北美赤鹿 [Cree wapitik ‘white deer’]

War. abbr. [缩略]  Warwickshire 

war /wɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  armed hostilities between esp. nations; conflict 战争；冲突  war broke out  战争爆发b  a specific conflict or the period of time during which such conflict exists 战争(时期)  was before the war  在战争前c  the suspension of international law etc. during such a conflict 战争状态(战争期间国际法等的中止) 2 (as 作 the War)  a war in progress or recently ended; the most recent major war (正在进行的或最近结束的)战争；最近的大战 3  a  hostility or contention between people, groups, etc. (人与人或集团等之间的)敌意；争斗  war of words  舌战；论战b (often foll. by 常后跟 on, against)  a sustained campaign against crime, disease, poverty, etc. (为消灭犯罪、疾病、贫穷等而进行的)持续的斗争 ●v. intr. (warred, warring)  1 (as 作 warring adj.)  a  rival; fighting 敌对的；斗争的  warring factions  敌对的派系b  conflicting 冲突的  warring principles  冲突的原则 2  make war 打仗 □ at war  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  engaged in a war 处于交战状态□ go to war   1  declare or begin a war 宣战；开战 2 (of a soldier etc.) see active service (指军人等)当兵打仗，从军作战□ go to the wars  archaic  serve as a soldier [古义]当兵，从军□ have been in the wars  colloq.  appear injured, bruised, unkempt, etc. [口]看起来受过伤；吃过苦头；凌乱不堪等 [Middle English werre an Anglo-French and Old Northern French variant of Old French guerre: cf. WORSE]

waratah /ˈwɔ:rətɑ:, wɒrəˈtɑ:/ n.  an Australian crimson-flowered shrub, Telopea speciosissima 特洛皮(一种澳洲落叶灌木，花深红色) [Dharuk warrada]

war baby n.  a child, esp. illegitimate, born in wartime 战时诞生的孩子(尤指士兵的私生子)

warble1 /ˈwɔ:b(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  sing in a gentle trilling manner 用柔和的颤音唱 2 tr.  a  speak or utter in a warbling manner 似鸟啼啭般地讲(或朗诵)b  express in a song or verse (以歌或诗)表达  warbled his love  唱出他的爱 ●n.  a warbled song or utterance 用颤音唱的歌；颂歌 [Middle English via Old Northern French werble(r) from Frankish hwirbilōn ‘whirl, trill’]

warble2 /ˈwɔ:b(ə)l/ n.  1  a hard lump on a horse's back caused by the galling of a saddle (马背上被马鞍磨出的)鞍瘤 2  a  a swelling or abscess caused by the larva of a warble fly beneath the skin of cattle etc. (由于牛皮蝇幼虫的寄生而使牛等的皮肤下肿胀形成的)动物皮瘤b  the larva causing this 牛皮蝇的幼虫 [Middle English: origin uncertain]

warble fly n.  any of various flies of the genus Hypoderma, infesting the skin of cattle and horses 牛皮蝇

warbler /ˈwɔ:blə/ n.  1  a person, bird, etc. that warbles 颤音歌手；啼啭的鸟 2  any small insect-eating bird of the family Sylviidae or, in N. America, Parulidae, including the blackcap, whitethroat, and chiff-chaff, not always remarkable for their song 莺

war bride n.  a woman who marries a serviceman met during a war 战时新娘(指在战时嫁给军人的妇女)

war chest n.  funds for a war or any other campaign (为战争或其他运动所筹集的)战争基金；专用基金

war cloud n.  a threatening international situation (可能引起战争的国际)紧张局势，战争阴云

war correspondent n.  a correspondent reporting from a scene of war 战地记者

war crime n.  a crime violating the international laws of war (违犯国际战争法的)战争罪行 □ war criminal  n.  

war cry n.  1  a phrase or name shouted to rally one's troops (作战时为激励部队的)呐喊；战斗口号 2  a party slogan etc. 政党的竞选口号或标语等

ward /wɔ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a separate room or division of a hospital, prison, etc. 病房；牢房等  men's surgical ward  男外科病房 2  a Brit.  an administrative division of a constituency, usu. electing a councillor or councillors etc. [英]行政区；选区(通常选议员等)b esp. US  a similar administrative division [尤美]类似的行政区 3  a  a minor under the care of a guardian appointed by the parents or a court (受父母或法庭指定的)监护人监护的未成年人b (in full 全称 ward of court)  a minor or mentally deficient person placed under the protection of a court 受法院保护的未成年人或精神不健全者 4 (in pl. 用复数)  the corresponding notches and projections in a key and a lock (钥匙的)齿凹；(锁中相应的)圆凸 5 archaic [古义]  a  the act of guarding or defending a place etc. 守护；守卫b  the bailey of a castle (城堡的)郭；堡场c  a guardian's control; confinement; custody 监护；监禁 ●v. tr. archaic  guard; protect. [古义]守护；保护 □ ward off   1  parry (a blow) 挡开或躲避(打击) 2  avert (danger, poverty, etc.) 避免；防止(危险、贫困等) [Old English weard, weardian from Germanic: reinforced in Middle English by Old Northern French warde, variant of Old French garde GUARD]

-ward /wəd/ suffix (also 亦作 -wards) added to nouns of place or destination and to adverbs of direction and forming 加在表示地点、目的地的名词或表示方向的副词后，构成 :  1  adverbs (usu. 通常作 -wards) meaning ‘towards the place etc.’ (moving backwards 向后移动 ; set off homewards 动身回家) 副词，意为“朝着”，“向着” 2  adjectives (usu. 通常作 -ward) meaning ‘turned or tending towards’ (a downward look 向下看 ; an onward rush 向前赶) 形容词，意为“向…的”，“朝…的” 3 (less commonly) nouns meaning ‘the region towards or about’(look to the eastward 面向东方) (不常见)名词，意为“朝…地域” [from or suggested by Old English -weard from a Germanic root meaning ‘turn’]

war damage n.  damage to property etc. caused by bombing, shelling, etc. 战争破坏；战争损失

war dance n.  a dance performed before a battle, ceremonially, or to celebrate victory (战前仪式性的或战后庆祝胜利的)战舞

warden /ˈwɔ:d(ə)n/ n.  1 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a supervising official 监护人；监管人  churchwarden  教区委员；教会执事 traffic warden (处理违章停车的) 交通管理员 2  a Brit.  a president or governor of a college, school, hospital, youth hostel, etc. [英] (大学、学校、医院、青年旅馆等的)负责人b esp. US  a prison governor [尤美]监狱长 □ wardenship  n.   [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French wardein, variant of Old French g(u)arden GUARDIAN]

war department n. hist.  the State office in charge of the army etc. [史义]陆军部

warder /ˈwɔ:də/ n.  1 Brit. (fem. wardress /-dris/)  a prison officer [英]看守；狱吏 2  a guard 警卫；卫兵 [Middle English via Anglo-French wardere, -our from Old Northern French warder, variant of Old French garder to GUARD]

ward-heeler n. US  a party worker in elections etc. [美] (在竞选等活动中)为某一政党工作的人

ward of court  see 见 WARD n. 3b 

wardrobe /ˈwɔ:drəʊb/ n.  1  a large movable or built-in cupboard with rails, shelves, hooks, etc., for storing clothes 衣柜；衣橱 2  a person's entire stock of clothes (个人的)全部服装 3  the costume department or costumes of a theatre, a film company, etc. (剧院、电影公司等的)服装部，戏装保管室 4  a department of a royal household in charge of clothing (皇家的)衣服保管部 [Middle English from Old Northern French warderobe, variant of Old French garderobe (as GUARD, ROBE)]

wardrobe mistress n. (also 亦作 wardrobe master)  a person in charge of a theatrical or film wardrobe 戏装(女)保管员

wardrobe trunk n.  a trunk fitted with rails, shelves, etc. for use as a travelling wardrobe (旅行时可竖放打开挂衣服的)挂衣箱

wardroom /ˈwɔ:dru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room in a warship for the use of commissioned officers (军舰上的)军官公共生活室

-wards var.  of -WARD  -WARD 的变体

wardship /ˈwɔ:dʃip/ n.  1  a guardian's care or tutelage 监护；保护  under his wardship  在他的监护下 2  the condition of being a ward 监护(或保护)人的身份

ware1 /wɛə/ n.  1 (esp. in comb. 尤用于复合词)  things of the same kind, esp. ceramics, made usu. for sale (用于销售的同类)物品；(尤指)陶器  chinaware  瓷器 hardware  五金制品 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a  articles for sale 商品，货物  displayed his wares  展示他的商品b  a person's skills, talents, etc. (一个人的)技能、才能等 3  ceramics etc. of a specified material, factory, or kind (特定材料、厂家、类型的)陶器；瓷器  Wedgwood ware  韦奇伍德瓷器 [Old English waru from Germanic, perhaps originally = ‘object of care’, related to WARE3]

ware2 /wɛə/ v. tr. (also 亦作 'ware) (esp. in hunting) look out for; avoid (尤用于打猎)注意，留心；避免 usu. in imper. 通常用于祈使句 : ware hounds!  小心猎狗！ [Old English warian from Germanic (as WARE3), and from Old Northern French warer]

ware3 /wɛə/ predic. adj. poet.  aware [诗]意识(或注意)到的 [Old English wœr from Germanic]

warehouse /ˈwɛəhaʊs/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a building in which esp. retail goods are stored; a repository (尤指储存零售货物的)仓库；货栈；贮藏室 2  a wholesale or large retail store 批发店；大型零售商店 ●v. tr. /also 亦 -haʊz/  1  store (esp. furniture or bonded goods) temporarily in a repository (尤指把家具或待完税的货物)暂存入仓库；使落栈 2 US colloq.  shut up (esp. a person) in a prison or hospital etc. and forget about or ignore [美口]将(某人)关进监狱或医院等中、忘掉或不再理会 □ warehouseman  n. (pl. -men)  

warehouse party n.  a large (usu. illegal) organized public party with dancing, held in a warehouse or similar building (有组织的、大型的)聚会；舞会(通常指非法的，一般在仓库或类似的场所举行)

warfare /ˈwɔ:fɛə/ n.  a state of war; campaigning, engaging in war 战争状态；作战(或交战)中  chemical warfare  化学战

warfarin /ˈwɔ:fərin/ n.  a water-soluble anticoagulant used esp. as a rat poison and in the treatment of thrombosis 杀鼠灵(鼠药)；华法令(用作抗凝血剂) [W isconsin Alumni R esearch Foundation + -arin, on the pattern of COUMARIN]

war game n.  1  a military exercise testing or improving tactical knowledge etc. (检验或提高战略战术等的)军事演习 2  a battle etc. conducted with toy soldiers (用模型士兵等进行的)作战演习；战争游戏

war gaming n.  the playing of war games 军事演习

war grave n.  the grave of a serviceman who died on active service, esp. one in a special cemetery etc. (死于战争中的)现役军人墓(尤指在专门的公墓等的)

warhead /ˈwɔ:hed/ n.  the explosive head of a missile, torpedo, or similar weapon (导弹、鱼雷等的)弹头

warhorse /ˈwɔ:hɔ:s/ n.  1 hist.  a knight's or trooper's powerful horse [史义] (骑士或骑兵的)战马，军马 2 colloq.  a veteran soldier, politician, etc.; a reliable hack [口]老兵；老练的政客等；可靠的写手

warlike /ˈwɔ:laik/ adj.  1  threatening war; hostile 进行战争威胁的；怀有敌意的 2  martial; soldierly 好战的；勇敢的 3  of or for war; military (适于)战争的；与战争有关的；军事的  warlike preparations  军备

war loan n.  stock issued by the British Government to raise funds in wartime (英国政府发行的)战时公债

warlock /ˈwɔ:lɒk/ n. archaic  a sorcerer or wizard [古义]男巫；魔术师 [Old English wœˉr-loga ‘traitor’, from wœˉr ‘covenant’ + loga related to LIE2]

warlord /ˈwɔ:lɔ:d/ n.  a military commander or commander-in-chief (大)将军；军阀

warm /wɔ:m/ adj., v. & n. ●adj.  1  of or at a fairly or comfortably high temperature 温暖的，暖和的 2 (of clothes etc.) affording warmth (指衣服等)保暖的  needs warm gloves  需要保暖手套 3  a (of a person, action, feelings, etc.) sympathetic; cordial; friendly; loving (指人、行为、感情等)同情的；热诚的；友好的；慈爱的  a warm welcome  热烈的欢迎 has a warm heart  有一颗慈爱的心b  enthusiastic; hearty 热情的；衷心的  was warm in her praise  衷心地赞颂 4  animated, heated, excited 生气勃勃的；热烈的；兴奋的  a warm exchange of views  热烈地交换意见 5 colloq. iron.  dangerous, difficult, or hostile [口] [讽]危险的；困难的；怀敌意的  met a warm reception  受到不友好的接待 6 colloq. [口]  a (of a participant in esp. a children's game of seeking) close to the object etc. sought (尤指在儿童捉迷藏游戏中)接近目标的；快要找到的b  near to guessing or finding out a secret 即将猜出(或发现)秘密的 7 (of a colour, light, etc.) reddish, pink, or yellowish, etc., suggestive of warmth (指颜色、光线等，如红、粉、黄等)暖色的 8 Hunting (of a scent) fresh and strong 【狩猎】(嗅迹等)新鲜强烈的 9  a (of a person's temperament) amorous; sexually demanding (指人的性情)含情脉脉的；情欲强烈的b  erotic; arousing 色情的；挑逗性的 ●v.  1 tr.  a  make warm 使暖和，使温暖  warms the room  使房间暖和起来b  excite; make cheerful 使兴奋；使高兴  warms the heart  使人高兴 2 intr.  a (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  become warm 变温暖，变暖和  while the dinner was warming up  在准备饭菜时b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  become animated, enthusiastic, or sympathetic 变得生气勃勃；变得感兴趣；变得热情(或同情)  warmed to his subject  对他的学科开始感兴趣了 ●n.  1  the act of warming; the state of being warmed 加热；温暖，暖和  gave it a warm  把它热一下 had a nice warm by the fire  在炉边很暖和 2  the warmth of the atmosphere etc. (大气等的)温暖 3 Brit. archaic  a warm garment, esp. an army greatcoat [英古义]保暖外套(尤指军用大衣) □ warm up   1 (of an athlete, performer, etc.) prepare for a contest, performance, etc. by practising 热身(运动员、演员等在赛前或演出前的准备练习) 2  become or cause to become warmer 变暖；使变暖 3 (of a person) become enthusiastic etc. (指人)变得热情起来 4 (of an engine, electrical appliance, etc.) reach a temperature for efficient working (发动机、电器等)达到有效工作温度；预热 5  reheat (food) 重新加热(食物)□ warmer  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  取暖器；加热器□ warmish  adj.  □ warmly  adv.  □ warmness  n.  □ warmth  n.   [Old English wearm, from Germanic]

warm-blooded adj.  1 (of an organism) having warm blood; mammalian (see 见 HOMEOTHERM) (指动物)温血的，恒温的；哺乳动物的 2  ardent, passionate 热情的；感情强烈的 □ warm-bloodedness  n.  

warmed-up adj. (N. Amer. [北美] warmed-over)  1 (of food etc.) reheated (指食物等)重新热过的 2  stale; second-hand 陈腐的；二手的

war memorial n.  a monument etc. commemorating those killed in a war 战争纪念碑，阵亡将士纪念碑等

warm front n.  an advancing mass of warm air (空气的)暖锋

warm-hearted adj.  having a warm heart; kind, friendly 热心的；慈爱的；友好的 □ warm-heartedly  adv.  □ warm-heartedness  n.  

warming-pan n. hist.  a usu. brass container for live coals with a flat body and a long handle, used for warming a bed [史义]长柄炭炉；暖床器(通常为铜制，盛火炭来暖床)

warmonger /ˈwɔ:mʌŋɡə/ n.  a person who seeks to bring about or promote war 好战者；战争贩子 □ warmongering  n. & adj.  

warm-up n.  a period of preparatory exercise for a contest or performance (比赛或演出前的)热身活动，准备练习

warm work n.  1  work etc. that makes one warm through exertion 吃力的工作等 2  dangerous conflict etc. 危险的冲突等

warn /wɔ:n/ v. tr.  1 (also absol. [亦含宾])  a (often foll. by 常后跟 of, or that + clause, or to + infin.)  inform of danger, unknown circumstances, etc. 警告(有危险)；告诫；告诉(不知道的情况)；提醒  warned them of the danger  警告他们有危险 warned her that she was being watched  告诉她她处在被监视中 warned him to expect a visit  提醒他要有人来访b (often foll. by 常后跟 against)  inform (a person etc.) about a specific danger, hostile person, etc. 告知(某人等)要提防危险或有敌意的人等  warned her against trusting him  跟她说不要相信他 2 (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用)  admonish; tell forcefully 警告；力劝  has been warned not to go  被警告不要去 3  give (a person) cautionary notice regarding conduct etc. 告诫(某人)注意(行为等)  shall not warn you again  将不再提醒你了 □ warn off   1  tell (a person) to keep away (from) 告诫(某人)离开(或保持距离) 2 Brit.  prohibit from attending races, esp. at a specified course [英] (赛马)禁止参加比赛(尤指在某一赛马场)□ warner  n.   [Old English war(e)nian, wearnian, ultimately from Germanic: related to WARE3]

warning /ˈwɔ:niŋ/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  in senses of WARN v. 警告；告诫；提醒 2  anything that serves to warn; a hint or indication of difficulty, danger, etc. 前车之鉴；(困难、危险等的)预兆，前兆 3 archaic [古义]  = NOTICEn. 3b  ●attrib. adj.  serving to warn 起警示作用的 □ warningly  adv.   [Old English war(e)nung etc. (as WARN, -ING1)]

warning coloration n. Biol.  conspicuous colouring that warns a predator etc. against attacking 【生】(警示捕食者等以免受攻击的)警戒色

war of attrition n.  a war in which each side seeks to wear out the other over a long period 消耗战

War Office n. hist.  the British State department in charge of the army [史义]英国陆军部；国防部

war of nerves n.  an attempt to wear down an opponent by psychological means 神经战，精神战(利用心理战术来摧毁对方的战斗)

war of the elements n. poet.  storms or natural catastrophes [诗]风暴或自然界的大灾难

warp /wɔ:p/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  a  make or become bent or twisted out of shape, esp. by the action of heat, damp, etc. (使)弯曲；(使)变形(尤指因受热或潮湿等所致)b  make or become perverted, bitter, or strange (使)变得反常；(使)变得苦涩；(使)变得古怪  a warped sense of humour  苦涩的幽默 2  a tr.  haul (a ship) by a rope attached to a fixed point (用绳索固定于一处)牵曳(船)b intr.  progress in this way 曳船 3 tr.  silt over (land) with warp, by flooding 淤灌；淤填(土地) 4 tr. (foll. by 后跟 up)  choke (a channel) with an alluvial deposit etc. (冲积物等)淤塞(水道) 5 tr.  arrange (threads) as a warp 把(线、纱)排整成经 ●n.  1  a  a state of being warped, esp. of shrunken or expanded timber 变形；翘曲(尤指木材缩或胀引起的)b  perversion, bitterness, etc. of the mind or character (指心理、性格)反常；乖戾 2  the threads stretched lengthwise in a loom to be crossed by the weft (织布机上竖拉的)经纱 3  a rope used in towing or warping, or attached to a trawl net 牵绳；拖网纲 4  sediment etc. left esp. on poor land by standing water 淤泥 □ warpage  n. (esp. in sense 1a of v. 尤用于动词释义 1a)  □ warper  n. (in sense 5 of v. 用于动词释义 5)   [Old English weorpan, originally = to throw: from Germanic]

warpaint /ˈwɔ:peint/ n.  1  paint used to adorn the body before battle, esp. by N. American Indians (尤指北美印第安人出战前涂在身上的)颜料 2 colloq.  elaborate make-up [口]化妆品

warpath /ˈwɔ:pɑ:θ/ n.  1  a warlike expedition of N. American Indians (北美印第安人的)征途 2 colloq.  any hostile course or attitude [口]敌对行动；敌对态度  is on the warpath again  又处于敌对状态

war pension n.  a pension paid to someone disabled or bereaved by war (付给由于战争导致伤残或丧失亲人的人的)抚恤金

warplane /ˈwɔ:plein/ n.  a military aircraft 军用飞机；战斗机

war poet n.  a poet writing on war themes, esp. of the two world wars (尤指以两次世界大战为题材的)战争诗人

warragal var.  of WARRIGAL  WARRIGAL 的变体

warrant /ˈwɒr(ə)nt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  anything that authorizes a person or an action 授权；批准  have no warrant for this  无权这样b  a person so authorizing 授权人  I will be your warrant  我将是你的授权人 2  a  a written authorization, money voucher, travel document, etc. 授权书；收(或付)款凭单；通行证等  a dividend warrant  股息单b  a written authorization allowing police to search premises, arrest a suspect, etc. 搜查令；逮捕状等c  a certificate entitling the holder to subscribe for shares of a company (公司发出的)认股权证 3  a document authorizing counsel to represent the principal in a lawsuit 委托书  warrant of attorney  诉讼代理委托状 4  a certificate of service rank held by a warrant officer 准尉委任状 ●v. tr.  1  serve as a warrant for; justify 授权给；批准；证明…有根据；证明…正当  nothing can warrant his behaviour  没有证据证明他的行为是正当的 2  guarantee or attest to esp. the genuineness of an article, the worth of a person, etc. 保证；担保(尤指商品的真实、人的可靠等) □ I (or I'll) warrant   I am certain; no doubt 我确信；毫无疑问  he'll be sorry, I'll warrant  我肯定他会后悔□ warranter  n.  □ warrantor  n.   [Middle English via Old Northern French warant, variant of Old French guarant, -and from Frankish werēnd, from giwerēn ‘be surety for’]

warrantable /ˈwɒr(ə)ntəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  able to be warranted 可保证的 2 (of a stag) old enough to be hunted (5 or 6 years) (指鹿)达到可猎年龄 (5 或 6 岁)的 □ warrantableness  n.  □ warrantably  adv.  

warrantee /wɒr(ə)nˈti:/ n.  a person to whom a warranty is given 被保证人，被担保人

warrant officer n.  an officer in the army or RAF ranking between commissioned officers and NCOs (陆军或皇家空军的)准尉

warranty /ˈwɒr(ə)nti/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  an undertaking as to the ownership or quality of a thing sold, hired, etc., often accepting responsibility for defects or liability for repairs needed over a specified period (对某物所有权或质量的)担保书；保单(常对其缺陷负责或在一定时间负责修理) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for + verbal noun)  an authority or justification 权威；根据 3  an undertaking by an insured person of the truth of a statement or fulfilment of a condition 担保，保证 [Middle English from Anglo-French warantie, variant of garantie (as WARRANT)]

Warren /ˈwɒrin/   沃伦 [人名]

warren /ˈwɒr(ə)n/ n.  1  a  a network of interconnecting rabbit burrows 密密麻麻的兔窝b  a piece of ground occupied by this 多兔子窝的地方 2  a densely populated or labyrinthine building or district 住户拥挤的或迷宫般的公寓或地区 3 hist.  a piece of ground on which game is preserved [史义]小猎物的猎苑 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French warenne, variant of Old French garenne ‘game-park’, from Germanic]

warrigal /ˈwɒriɡ(ə)l/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 warragal) Austral. [澳] ●n.  1  a dingo dog 野犬 2  an untamed horse 野马 3  a wild Aborigine 土著居民 ●adj.  wild, untamed 野的；未驯服的 [Dharuk warrigal ‘wild dingo’]

warring /ˈwɔ:riŋ/ adj.  rival, antagonistic 对抗的；敌对的；交战的

warrior /ˈwɒriə/ n.  1  a person experienced or distinguished in fighting in an armed force, tribe, etc. (军队或部落等的)斗士；勇士；战士 2 (作 attrib.)  a  of or relating to a warrior 战士的；勇士的b  martial 战争的；军事的；好战的  a warrior nation  善战的民族 [Middle English from Old Northern French werreior etc., Old French guerreior etc. from werreier, guerreier ‘make WAR’]

Warsaw /ˈwɔ:sɔ:/ n.  华沙 [波兰首都]

warship /ˈwɔ:ʃip/ n.  an armoured ship used in war 军舰，舰艇

Wars of the Roses n. pl. hist.  the 15th-c. civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, represented by white and red roses respectively [史义]玫瑰战争 (15 世纪英国约克家族和兰开斯特家族之间的内战，白、红玫瑰分别为其族徽，故名)

wart /wɔ:t/ n.  1  a small benign growth on the skin, usu. hard and rounded, caused by a virus-induced abnormal growth of skin cells and thickening of the epidermis 疣，肉赘 2  a protuberance on the skin of an animal, surface of a plant, etc. (长在动物或植物上的)瘤 3 colloq.  an objectionable person [口]讨厌的人 □ warts and all  colloq.  with no attempt to conceal blemishes or inadequacies [口]不隐瞒缺点地；毫不遮丑地□ warty  adj.   [Old English wearte, from Germanic]

warthog /ˈwɔ:thɒɡ/ n.  an African wild pig, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, with a large head and warty lumps on its face, and large curved tusks 疣猪(非洲野猪，头大，脸部有肉赘，长着獠牙)

wartime /ˈwɔ:taim/ n.  the period during which a war is waged 战时

war-torn adj.  racked or devastated by war 受战争蹂躏或破坏的

war-weary adj. (esp. of a population) exhausted and dispirited by war (尤指人们)厌战的；被战争弄得筋疲力尽的 □ war-weariness  n.  

war widow n.  a woman whose husband has been killed in war 丈夫死于战争的寡妇

war-worn adj.  = WAR-WEARY 

wary /ˈwɛəri/ adj. (warier, wariest)  1  on one's guard; given to caution; circumspect 警惕的；小心的；慎重的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  cautious, suspicious 惟恐的；多疑的  am wary of using lifts  我惟恐乘电梯 3  showing or done with caution or suspicion (表现出或做事)谨慎的；怀疑的  a wary expression  怀疑的表情 □ warily  adv.  □ wariness  n.   [WARE2 + -Y1]

war zone n.  an area in which a war takes place 战区；交战地带

was 1st & 3rd sing. past  of BE 

Wash. abbr.  Washington [缩略] (美)华盛顿(州)

wash /wɒʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  cleanse (oneself or a part of oneself, clothes, etc.) with liquid, esp. water (尤指用水)洗，洗涤 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out, off, away, etc.)  remove a stain or dirt in this way 洗掉，洗去 3 intr.  wash oneself or esp. one's hands and face 洗澡；洗手；洗脸 4 intr.  wash clothes etc. 洗衣服等 5 intr. (of fabric or dye) bear washing without damage (指纺织品或染料)耐洗，经洗 6 intr. (foll. by 后跟 off, out) (of a stain etc.) be removed by washing (污迹等)被洗去 7 tr. poet.  moisten, water [诗]使浸湿；弄湿  tear-washed eyes  泪汪汪的眼睛 a rose washed with dew  露水滋润的玫瑰 8 tr. (of a river, sea, etc.) touch (a country, coast, etc.) with its waters (指河水、海水等)流过(一国家)；拍打(河岸、海岸等) 9  a tr. (of moving liquid) carry along in a specified direction (指流水)冲走；冲垮；  a wave washed him overboard  一个浪头把他抛出船外 was washed up on the shore  被冲上岸b intr.  be carried in this way 漂；被冲走  shells wash up on the beaches  贝壳被冲上岸边 10 tr.  a  scoop out (水)冲成，冲出  the water had washed a channel  水冲出了一道沟b  erode, denude 冲蚀  sea-washed cliffs  受海水冲蚀的峭壁 11 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over, along, etc.)  sweep, move, or splash 冲过；冲走；溅泼 12 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  occur all around without greatly affecting (a person) (事情)发生在(某人)周围而对其无多大影响 13 tr.  sift (ore) by the action of water 洗(矿) 14 tr.  a  brush a thin coat of watery paint or ink over (paper in watercolour painting etc., or a wall) 涂薄层水彩颜料或墨水于(水彩画纸等或墙面)b (foll. by 后跟 with)  coat (inferior metal) with gold etc. 给(次等金属)镀金等 ●n.  1  a  the act or an instance of washing; the process of being washed 洗；洗涤；冲洗  give them a good wash  把它们好好洗洗 only needed one wash  冲一下就行b (prec. by 前接 the)  treatment at a laundry etc. (在洗衣店等)洗熨(衣物)  sent them to the wash  把它们送去洗 2  a quantity of clothes for washing or just washed (待洗或已洗的)衣物 3  the visible or audible motion of agitated water or air, esp. due to the passage of a ship etc. or aircraft (行船船尾的)排出流；(飞行器飞过留下的)洗流 4  a  soil swept off by water; alluvium (水流的)冲积物；冲积层b  a sandbank exposed only at low tide 沙滩 5  kitchen slops and scraps given to pigs (喂猪的)泔脚 6  a  thin, weak, or inferior liquid food (稀薄、味淡或劣质的)液体食品b  liquid food for animals 液体饲料 7  a liquid to spread over a surface to cleanse, heal, or colour 特殊用途的液体(如清洗、医用或着色) 8  a thin coating of watercolour, wall-colouring, or metal (水彩、墙壁涂料或金属的)涂层 9  malt etc. fermenting before distillation (待蒸馏的)发酵麦芽汁 10  a lotion or cosmetic 护肤液；化妆水 □ come out in the wash  colloq.  be clarified, or (of contingent difficulties) be resolved or removed, in the course of events [口]真相大白；(指问题等)最终得以解决□ wash-and-wear  adj. (of a fabric or garment) easily and quickly laundered (指纺织品或衣服)洗后快干的；不烫即平，免烫的□ wash one's dirty linen in public   see 见 LINEN □ wash down   1  wash completely (esp. a large surface or object) 彻底冲洗(尤指大面积或大物件) 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  accompany or follow (food) with a drink 用水吞下(食物)□ wash one's hands  euphem.  go to the lavatory [婉]解手，上厕所□ wash one's hands of   renounce responsibility for (originally with reference to Matt. 27:24) 拒绝对…负责；洗手不干(源于《圣经·马太福音》 27:24)□ wash out   1  clean the inside of (a thing) by washing 洗净(某物的)内部 2  clean (a garment etc.) by brief washing 冲洗(衣服等) 3  a  rain off (an event etc.) 因下雨而使(某事)受阻b colloq.  cancel [口]取消 4 (of a flood, downpour, etc.) make a breach in (a road etc.) (指洪水、大雨等)冲毁(道路等) 5  = sense 2 of v. 同动词释义 2□ wash up   1  wash (crockery and cutlery) after use 洗(餐具) 2 N. Amer.  wash one's face and hands [北美]洗手洗脸□ won't wash  colloq. (of an argument etc.) will not be believed or accepted [口] (指观点等)不被相信或接受 [Old English wœscan etc. from Germanic: related to WATER]

washable /ˈwɒʃəb(ə)l/ adj.  that can be washed, esp. without damage 可洗的(尤指不会损坏的)；耐洗的 □ washability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  

washbag /ˈwɒʃbæɡ/ n.  a waterproof bag for toilet articles 防水袋(用于盛放盥洗室物品)

washbasin /ˈwɒʃbeis(ə)n/ n.  a basin for washing one's hands, face, etc., esp. fixed to a wall or on a pedestal and connected to a water supply and a drain 洗脸盆(尤指固定于墙上或基座上、接水管和下水道的)

washboard /ˈwɒʃbɔ:d/ n.  1  a board of ribbed wood or a sheet of corrugated zinc on which clothes are scrubbed in washing 搓板，洗衣板 2  this used as a percussion instrument, played with the fingers 敲击板(一种敲击节拍的乐器)

washday /ˈwɒʃdei/ n.  a day on which clothes etc. are washed 洗衣日

washed out adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  faded by washing (洗)褪色的 2  pale 面色苍白的 3 colloq.  limp, enfeebled [口]疲惫的，怠倦的

washed up adj. esp. N. Amer. slang  defeated, having failed [尤北美] [俚语]完结的；失败的

washer /ˈwɒʃə/ n.  1  a  a person or thing that washes 洗衣人；洗涤器b  a washing machine 洗衣机 2  a flat ring of rubber, metal, leather, etc., inserted at a joint to tighten it and prevent leakage (橡胶、金属、皮革等制的平的圆盘状)衬垫(用在连接处以防渗漏) 3  a similar ring placed under the head of a screw, bolt, etc., or under a nut, to disperse its pressure (放于螺钉等之下以均衡压力的)垫圈 4 Austral.  a cloth for washing the face [澳]洗脸毛巾

washer-dryer n. (also 亦作 washer-drier)  a washing machine with an inbuilt tumble-dryer 洗衣干燥两用机

washer-up n. (pl. washers-up) Brit.  a person who washes up dishes etc. [英]洗碟子的人

washerwoman /ˈwɒʃəwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman whose occupation is washing clothes; a laundress 洗衣女工

washeteria /wɒʃəˈtiəriə/ n.  = LAUNDERETTE 

wash-hand basin n.  = WASHBASIN 

wash-hand stand n. Brit. [英]  = WASHSTAND 

wash-house n.  a building where clothes are washed 洗衣房

washing /ˈwɒʃiŋ/ n.  1  a quantity of clothes for washing or just washed 待洗(或已洗)的衣物 2  the act of washing clothes 洗，洗涤

washing machine n.  a machine for washing clothes and linen etc. 洗衣机

washing powder n. esp. Brit.  powder of soap or detergent for washing clothes [尤英]洗衣粉

washing soda n.  sodium carbonate, used dissolved in water for washing and cleaning 洗涤碱，苏打

Washington, D.C. /ˈwɒʃiŋtən/ n.  哥伦比亚特区华盛顿(即美国首都华盛顿) [美国首都]

washing-up n. Brit. [英]  1  the process of washing dishes etc. after use 洗餐具 2  used dishes etc. for washing 待洗的餐具等

washland /ˈwɒʃlænd/ n.  land periodically flooded by a stream 滩地；河漫滩

wash-leather n. Brit.  chamois or similar leather for washing windows etc. [英]揩拭用(麂)皮

wash-out n.  1 colloq.  a fiasco; a complete failure [口]惨败；彻底失败 2  a breach in a road, railway track, etc., caused by flooding (道路、铁路等)冲溃(或冲坏)处 3 (作 washout) Geol.  a narrow river-channel that cuts into pre-existing sediments 【地质】切入先存在沉积物中的狭窄水沟

washroom /ˈwɒʃru:m, -rʊm/ n. N. Amer.  a room with washing and toilet facilities [北美]盥洗室

washstand /ˈwɒʃstænd/ n. hist.  a piece of furniture to hold a jug of water, a basin, soap, etc. for washing oneself with [史义]脸盆架(用来摆放水罐、脸盆、肥皂等盥洗用具的家具)

washtub /ˈwɒʃtʌb/ n.  a tub or vessel for washing clothes etc. 洗衣盆

washy /ˈwɒʃi/ adj. (washier, washiest)  1 (of liquid food) too watery or weak; insipid (液体食物)过稀的；淡的 2 (of colour) faded-looking, thin, faint (颜色)退去的；苍白的；模糊的 3 (of a style, sentiment, etc.) lacking vigour or intensity (文章等)贫乏的，空洞的；(感情等)无力的，脆弱的 □ washily  adv.  □ washiness  n.  

wasn't /ˈwɒz(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  was not 

Wasp /wɒsp/ n. (also 亦作 WASP) N. Amer. usu. derog.  a middle-class American white Protestant descended from early English settlers [北美] [通常贬]美国中产阶级白人新教徒(早期英国定居者的后代) □ Waspy  adj. (also 亦作 WASPy)   [white Anglo-Saxon Protestant]

wasp /wɒsp/ n.  1  a stinging often predatory insect of the order Hymenoptera, esp. a social insect of the common genus Vespula, with black and yellow stripes and a very thin waist 黄蜂 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  any of various insects resembling a wasp in some way 黄蜂似的昆虫  wasp-beetle  蜂形天牛 □ wasplike  adj.   [Old English wœfs, wœps, wœsp from West Germanic: perhaps related to WEAVE1 (from the weblike form of its nest)]

waspish /ˈwɒspiʃ/ adj.  irritable, petulant; sharp in retort 易怒的，暴躁的；爱争吵的；尖刻的，苛毒的 □ waspishly  adv.  □ waspishness  n.  

wasp-waist n.  a very slender waist 蜂腰，细腰 □ wasp-waisted  adj.  

wassail /ˈwɒseil, ˈwɒs(ə)l, ˈwæ-/ n. & v. archaic [古义] ●n.  1  a festive occasion; a drinking bout 欢宴；酒宴；纵酒欢闹 2  a kind of liquor drunk on such an occasion 祝酒时用的酒 ●v. intr.  make merry; celebrate with drinking etc. (饮酒)取乐；举行(或参加)酒宴 □ wassailer  n.   [Middle English wœs hœil etc. from Old Norse ves heill, corresponding to Old English wes hɑˉl ‘be in health’, a form of salutation: cf. HALE1]

wassail-bowl n. (also 亦作 wassail-cup)  a bowl or cup from which healths were drunk, esp. on Christmas Eve and Twelfth Night (尤指在圣诞夜和第十二夜等祝酒时用的)大酒杯

Wassermann test /ˈvɑ:səmən/ n. Med.  a diagnostic test for syphilis using a specific antibody reaction of the patient's blood serum 【医】(检查梅毒的)瓦瑟曼试验 [named after A. von Wassermann, German pathologist d. 1925]

wast /wɒst, wəst/ archaic or dial. [古义] [方] 2nd sing. past  of BE 

wastage /ˈweistidʒ/ n.  1  an amount wasted 消耗量，损耗量 2  loss by use, wear, or leakage (因使用、磨损或泄漏而造成的)损失；消耗，耗损 3 (also 亦作 natural wastage)  loss of employees other than by redundancy (非裁员引起的) (自然)减员

waste /weist/ v., adj. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  use to no purpose or for inadequate result or extravagantly 浪费；挥霍  waste time  浪费时间 2 tr.  fail to use (esp. an opportunity) 略而不用(尤指机会) 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  a  give (advice etc.), utter (words etc.), without effect 白费唇舌地提出(劝告等)；白说b (often in passive 常用被动)  fail to be appreciated or used properly 未被珍惜或恰当利用  she was wasted on him  他没拿她当回事儿 I feel wasted in this job  做这个工作我感到屈才 4 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  wear gradually away; make or become weak; wither (使)耗尽精力；(使)衰弱；(使)消瘦 5 tr. literary  ravage, devastate [文学用语]蹂躏；使荒废；使毁坏 6 tr.  treat as wasted or valueless 当废品处理 7 intr.  be expended without useful effect 被消耗；被损耗 8 tr. esp. N. Amer. slang  beat up, kill, murder [尤北美] [俚语]毒打；杀害；谋杀 9 tr. (as 作 wasted predic. adj.) slang [俚语]  a  worn out; exhausted 筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的b  intoxicated by alcohol or drugs (因酗酒或吸毒而)醉了的；中毒 ●adj.  1  superfluous; no longer serving a purpose 多余的；无用的 2 (of a district etc.) not inhabited or cultivated; desolate (指某一地区等)无人烟的；未开垦的；荒凉的  waste ground  荒地 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of wasting; extravagant or ineffectual use of an asset, of time, etc. 浪费；滥用；糟蹋(资产、时间等) 2  waste material or food; refuse; unwanted or unusable remains or by-products 废料；弃物；多余的或无用的残余物 3  a waste region; a desert etc. 荒芜地区；荒漠等 4  the state of being used up; diminution by wear and tear 消耗；损耗 5 Law  damage to an estate caused by an act or by neglect, esp. by a life-tenant 【法律】(尤指因占用者的行为或疏忽而造成的)财产损失 6  = WASTE PIPE  □ go (or run) to waste   be wasted 被浪费掉□ lay waste (or lay waste to or lay (a thing) to waste)   ravage, devastate 毁坏；蹂躏□ waste one's breath   see 见 BREATH □ waste not, want not   extravagance leads to poverty 勤俭节约，吃穿不缺□ waste words   see 见 WORD □ wasteless  adj.   [Middle English via Old Northern French wast(e), variant of Old French g(u)ast(e), from Latin vastus]

wastebasket /ˈweis(t)bɑ:skit/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  = WASTE-PAPER BASKET 

waste bin n.  a bin for waste paper, refuse, etc., used indoors or outdoors 废物箱，垃圾箱

waste disposal n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the disposing of waste products, rubbish, etc., esp. as a public or corporate process 废物处理

waste disposal unit n.  an electrical device fitted to the waste pipe of a kitchen sink etc. for grinding up waste 废物处理装置

wasteful /ˈweistfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  extravagant 挥霍的；浪费的 2  causing or showing waste (造成)浪费的 □ wastefully  adj.  □ wastefulness  n.  

waste ground n.  an area of unused land, esp. one left undeveloped in an urban area 荒废的土地(尤指都市中未被开发的地区)

wasteland /ˈweis(t)lænd, -lənd/ n.  1  an unproductive or useless area of land 荒地；荒野 2  a place or time considered spiritually or intellectually barren 荒漠(指精神或知识等方面贫乏的地方或历史时期)

waste paper n.  used or unwanted paper 废纸

waste-paper basket n. esp. Brit.  a receptacle for waste paper [尤英]废纸篓

waste pipe n.  a pipe to carry off waste water etc., e.g. from a sink 污水管，废水管

waste products n. pl.  useless by-products of manufacture or of an organism or organisms 工业垃圾；无用的副产品；排泄物

waster /ˈweistə/ n.  1  a wasteful person 造成浪费的人；挥霍者 2 colloq.  a worthless person; an idler [口]无用的人；游手好闲的人

wastrel /ˈweistr(ə)l/ n.  1  a wasteful or good-for-nothing person 浪费者；挥霍者；无用的人；饭桶 2 archaic  a waif; a neglected child [古义]流浪汉；流浪儿

watch /wɒtʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr.  keep the eyes fixed on; look at attentively 注视；观看 2 tr.  a  keep under observation; follow observantly 留神观察b  monitor or consider carefully; pay attention to 小心；留意  have to watch my weight  不得不当心我的体重 watched their progress with interest  关注他们的进步 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be in an alert state; be vigilant; take heed 密切注意；警戒；留心  watch for the holes in the road  留心路上的洞 watch for an opportunity  等待时机 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 over)  look after; take care of 看管；照料 5 intr. archaic  remain awake for devotions etc. [古义] (为祈祷等)守夜 ●n.  1  a small portable timepiece for carrying on one's person 手表；怀表 2  a state of alert or constant observation or attention 注视；警惕；密切注意；监视；观察 3 Naut. 【海】  a  a usu. four-hour spell of duty (轮值的)一班(通常为 4 小时)b (in full 全称 starboard or port watch)  each of the halves, divided according to the position of the bunks, into which a ship's crew is divided to take alternate watches (按照床铺位置划分的，通常为全体船员的一半的)值班船员 4 hist.  a watchman or group of watchmen, esp. patrolling the streets at night [史义]巡夜人；巡夜队 5  a former division of the night (now esp. in phr. 现尤用于短语 the watches of the night) (旧时夜晚被划分成的)更 6 hist.  irregular Highland troops in the 18th c. [史义] (18 世纪非正规的)苏格兰高地部队 □ on the watch   waiting for an expected or feared occurrence 等待着；提防着□ on watch   on lookout duty 值班□ set the watch  Naut.  station sentinels etc. 【海】设岗哨等□ watch it (or oneself)  colloq.  be careful [口]当心；注意□ watch out   1 (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  be on one's guard 警惕；注意 2  as a warning of immediate danger 警告、提防(危险来临)□ watch one's step   proceed cautiously 小心地行走；谨慎地行事□ watchable  adj.  □ watcher  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English wœcce (n.), related to WAKE1]

watchband /ˈwɒtʃbænd/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = WATCH STRAP 

watch-case n.  the outer metal case enclosing the works of a watch 表壳

watch-chain n.  a metal chain for securing a pocket watch (怀表的)表链

Watch Committee n. hist. (in the UK) the committee of a county borough council dealing with policing etc. [史义] (在英国管理治安、灯火等事宜的)市镇委员会

watchdog /ˈwɒtʃdɒɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a dog kept to guard property etc. 看门狗 2  a person or body monitoring others' rights, behaviour, etc. 监察人；监察队 ●v. tr. (-dogged, -dogging)  maintain surveillance over 守卫；监督

watchfire /ˈwɒtʃfaiə/ n.  a fire maintained during the night as a signal or for the use of guards on watch 营火

watchful /ˈwɒtʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  accustomed to watching 留心的，注意的 2  on the watch 提防着的；等待着的 3  showing vigilance 警惕的，戒备的 4 archaic  wakeful [古义]醒的，不眠的 □ watchfully  adv.  □ watchfulness  n.  

watch-glass n.  1 Brit.  a glass disc covering the dial of a watch [英]手表的表面玻璃 2  a similar disc used in a laboratory etc. to hold material for use in experiments (实验室中盛放被观察物的)表面皿

watching brief n. Brit. [英]  1  a brief held by a barrister following a case for a client not directly involved (律师为委托人注意与其无直接关系的案件的)案情摘要 2  a state of interest maintained in a proceeding not directly or immediately concerning one (对一无直接关系的案件的进程保持的)关注

watchkeeper /ˈwɒtʃki:pə/ n.  a person who acts as lookout, esp. a member of a watch on board ship (尤指船上的)瞭望员；值班员

watchmaker /ˈwɒtʃmeikə/ n.  a person who makes and repairs watches and clocks 钟表匠 □ watchmaking  n.  

watchman /ˈwɒtʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man employed to look after an empty building etc. at night (雇来在夜间看守空房的)看守人 2 archaic or hist.  a member of a night watch [古义] [史义]更夫；巡夜人

watch-night n.  1  the last night of the year 除夕 2  a religious service held on this night 除夕的礼拜仪式

watch spring n.  the mainspring of a watch 表的发条

watch strap n. esp. Brit.  a strap for fastening a watch on the wrist [尤英]表带

watchtower /ˈwɒtʃtaʊə/ n.  a tower from which observation can be kept 瞭望塔

watchword /ˈwɒtʃwɜ:d/ n.  1  a phrase summarizing a guiding principle; a slogan 格言；标语；口号 2 hist.  a military password [史义]暗语；口令

water /ˈwɔ:tə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a colourless transparent odourless tasteless liquid compound of oxygen and hydrogen Chem. formula 化学分子式 : H2O 水 2  a liquid consisting chiefly of this and found in seas, lakes, and rivers, in rain, and in the fluids of living organisms 海水；湖水；河水；雨水；体液等 3  an expanse of water; a sea, lake, river, etc. 大片的水；海、湖、河等 4 (in pl. 用复数)  part of a sea or river (海或河的)水域  in Icelandic waters  在冰岛的海域 5 (often as 常作 the waters)  mineral water at a spa etc. 矿泉水 6  the state of a tide 水位；潮位  high water  高潮 7  a solution of a specified substance in water (某物质的)水溶液  lavender-water  熏衣草香水 8  the quality of the transparency and brilliance of a gem, esp. a diamond 水色(指宝石，尤指钻石的透明度与光泽度) 9 Finance  an amount of nominal capital added by watering (see sense 10 of v. 见动词释义 10) 【金融】清水股(超出实际资产的量) 10 (作 attrib.)  a  found in, on, or near water 水中的；水上的；近水的b  of, for, or worked by water 水的；盛水的；水力驱动的c  involving, using, or yielding water 与水有关的；用水的；产生水的 11  a  urine 尿b (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the amniotic fluid discharged from the womb before childbirth 羊水 ●v.  1 tr.  sprinkle or soak with water (用水)喷洒；浸湿 2 tr.  supply (a plant) with water 给(植物)浇水 3 tr.  give water to (an animal) to drink 给(动物)喝水 4 intr. (of the mouth or eyes) secrete water as saliva or tears 流泪；流口水 5 tr. (as 作 watered adj.) (of silk etc.) having irregular wavy glossy markings (在丝绸等上)有波纹的 6 tr.  adulterate (milk, beer, etc.) with water 给(牛奶、啤酒等)搀水 7 tr. (of a river etc.) supply (a place) with water (河流等)给(某地)供水 8 intr. (of an animal) go to a pool etc. to drink (动物)到水池饮水 9 intr. (of a ship, engine, etc., or the person in charge of it) take in a supply of water (指轮船、发动机等)加水；(指人)给…加水 10 tr. Finance  increase (a company's debt, or nominal capital) by the issue of new shares without a corresponding addition to assets 【金融】给股票掺水(指增发股票而不相应增加股本或资产，因而稀释了股票的价值) □ by water   using a ship etc. for travel or transport 乘船；由水路□ cast one's bread upon the waters   see 见 BREAD □ like water   lavishly, profusely (用钱)如水的；浪费的；挥霍的□ like water off a duck's back   see 见 DUCK1 □ make one's mouth water   cause one's saliva to flow, stimulate one's appetite or anticipation 使(某人)馋得流口水□ of the first water   1 (of a diamond) of the greatest brilliance and transparency (指钻石)第一等的 2  of the finest quality or extreme degree 品质最好的；第一流的□ on the water   on a ship etc. 在船上□ on the water wagon   see 见 WAGON □ water down   1  dilute with water 搀水冲淡 2 (often as 常作 watered down adj.)  make less vivid, forceful, or horrifying 削弱；减小(力度)；缓和□ water under the bridge   past events accepted as past and irrevocable 木已成舟的事；无法挽回的事□ waterer  n.  □ waterless  adj.   [Old English wœter from Germanic: related to WET]

water-bag n.  a bag of leather, canvas, etc., for holding water (盛水的皮制或帆布等的)水袋

water bailiff n. Brit. [英]  1  an official enforcing fishing laws 渔业管理员 2 hist.  a custom house officer at a port [史义] (港口的)海关官员

water-based adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1 (of a solution, substance, etc.) having water as the main ingredient (指溶液、物质等)水基的，水性的 2 (of a sporting activity) practised on water (指体育活动)水上进行的

water bear n.  = TARDIGRADEn. 

Water-bearer n.  = WATER-CARRIER 

waterbed /ˈwɔ:təbed/ n.  a bed with a mattress of rubber or plastic etc. filled with water (带有充水床垫的)水床

waterbird /ˈwɔ:təbɜ:d/ n.  a bird frequenting esp. fresh water 水鸟，水禽

water biscuit n.  a thin crisp unsweetened biscuit made from flour and water 水面饼干(一种薄而不甜的饼干)

water blister n.  a blister containing a colourless watery fluid, rather than blood or pus 水疱

water-bloom n.  scum formed by algae on the surface of standing water 水华(藻类等微生物在水面聚集导致的水面变色)

water-boatman n.  an aquatic bug of the family Notonectidae or Corixidae, swimming with oarlike hind legs 水虫科各类昆虫

water-borne adj.  1 (of goods etc.) conveyed by or travelling on water (指货物等)水运的 2 (of a disease) communicated or propagated by contaminated water (指疾病)饮水传染的，水传播的

waterbrash /ˈwɔ:təbræʃ/ n.  pyrosis 胃灼热 [WATER + brash ‘eruption of fluid from the stomach’]

water-buck n.  a large African antelope, Kobus ellipsiprymnus, found near rivers and lakes in the savannah 非洲水羚

water buffalo n.  the common domestic Indian buffalo, Bubalus arnee 水牛

water bus n.  a boat carrying passengers on a regular run on a river, lake, etc. (公共)交通艇

water-butt n.  a barrel used to catch rainwater (盛雨水的)水桶

water-cannon n.  a device giving a powerful jet of water to disperse a crowd etc. (用于驱散人群等的)高压水炮

Water-carrier n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the zodiacal sign or constellation Aquarius 宝瓶宫(或座) (黄道第 11 宫)

water chestnut n.  1  an aquatic plant, Trapa natans, bearing an edible seed (欧)菱 2 (in full 全称 Chinese water chestnut)  a  a sedge, Eleocharis tuberosa, with rushlike leaves arising from a corm 荸荠植物b  this corm used as food 荸荠

water-clock n.  a clock measuring time by the flow of water 水钟

water closet n.  1  a lavatory with the means for flushing the pan with water 抽水马桶 2  a room containing this (有抽水马桶的)厕所

watercolour n. (US [美] watercolor)  1  artists' paint made of pigment to be diluted with water and not oil 水彩(颜料) 2  a picture painted with this 水彩画 3  the art of painting with watercolours 水彩画技艺 □ watercolourist  n.  

water-cooled adj.  cooled by the circulation of water 用水冷却的

water-cooler n.  a vessel in which water is cooled and kept cool, esp. a tank of cooled drinking water in a place of work 水冷却器(尤指在工作场所冷却饮用水的)

watercourse /ˈwɔ:təkɔ:s/ n.  1  a brook, stream, or artificial water channel 水道；河道；渠道 2  the bed along which this flows 河床

watercress /ˈwɔ:təkres/ n.  a hardy perennial cress, Nasturtium officinale, growing in running water, with pungent leaves used in salad 水田芥(长于流水中，叶辛辣，可用来做色拉)

water cure n.  = HYDROPATHY 

water-diviner n. Brit.  a person who dowses (see 见 DOWSE1) for water [英]用占卜杖探水源者

waterfall /ˈwɔ:təfɔ:l/ n.  a cascade of water from a river or stream falling vertically from a height over a rock, precipice, etc. 瀑布

water flea n.  = DAPHNIA 

Waterford glass /ˈwɔ:təfəd/ n.  a clear colourless flint glass 沃特福德玻璃(一种明净的无色玻璃) [Waterford, a city in Ireland, where it was first made]

waterfowl /ˈwɔ:təfaʊl/ n. (usu. collect., treated as pl. 通常作集合名词，看作复数)  birds frequenting water, esp. ducks and geese regarded as game birds 水鸟，水禽(尤指被视为猎物的鸭、鹅等)

waterfront /ˈwɔ:təfrʌnt/ n.  the part of a town adjoining a river, lake, harbour, etc. (城镇的)滨水区；码头区

watergate /ˈwɔ:təɡeit/ n.  1  a floodgate 水闸 2  a gate giving access to a river etc. 水门

water gauge n.  1  a glass tube etc. indicating the height of water in a reservoir, boiler, etc. 水位表，水位计 2  pressure expressed in terms of a head of water 水位表测定的水位

water-glass n.  1  a solution of sodium or potassium silicate used for preserving eggs, as a vehicle for fresco-painting, and for hardening artificial stone 水玻璃(硅酸钠或硅酸钾溶液，用于腌鸡蛋，作壁画颜料的展色剂或硬化人造石) 2  a tube with a glass bottom enabling objects under water to be observed (观察水底用的)玻璃筒镜 3 (usu. 通常作 water glass)  a glass for holding usu. drinking water 玻璃容器(通常盛饮用水)

water hammer n.  a knocking noise in a water pipe when a tap is suddenly turned off 水锤声，水击声(指水龙头突然关闭时水管发出的声音)

water heater n.  a device for heating (esp. domestic) water (尤指家用)热水器

water hemlock n.  a poisonous plant, Cicuta maculata, found in marshes etc. also called 亦称作 COWBANE 毒芹

waterhole /ˈwɔ:təhəʊl/ n.  a shallow depression in which water collects (esp. in the bed of a river otherwise dry) (尤指河床上的)水坑，水洼

water hyacinth n.  a tropical American aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes, which is a serious weed of waterways in warm countries 凤眼蓝(一种产于南美的热带植物)

water ice n.  a confection of flavoured and frozen water and sugar etc.; a sorbet (用果汁、糖和冰水制成的)冰糕；果汁冰水

watering /ˈwɔ:t(ə)riŋ/ n.  the act or an instance of supplying water or (of an animal) obtaining water 洒水，浇水；(指动物)饮水 [Old English wœterung (as WATER, -ING1)]

watering can n.  a portable container with a long spout usu. ending in a perforated sprinkler, for watering plants 喷壶，洒水壶

watering hole n.  1  a pool of water from which animals regularly drink (动物定时饮水的)水坑，水池 2 slang  a bar [俚语]酒吧

watering place n.  1  = WATERING HOLE  2  a spa or seaside resort 矿泉疗养地；海滨胜地 3  a place where water is obtained 饮水处

water jug n.  1 Brit.  a jug for dispensing water into drinking glasses etc. [英]水壶；水罐 2 US  a container, esp. with a stopper, for dispensing usu. drinking water on a journey etc. [美] (旅行中盛饮用水的)水壶；水瓶

water jump n.  a place where a horse in a steeplechase etc. must jump over water (障碍赛马等中的)水沟障碍

water level n.  1  a  the surface of the water in a reservoir etc. (水库等的)水平面b  the height of this 水位 2  a level below which the ground is saturated with water 地下水面 3  a level using water to determine the horizontal 水准面

water lily n.  any aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, with broad flat floating leaves and large usu. cup-shaped floating flowers 睡莲；睡莲科水生植物

waterline /ˈwɔ:təlain/ n.  1  the line along which the surface of water touches a ship's side (marked on a ship for use in loading) (船的)水平线，吃水线(用作载货时的标记) 2  a linear watermark 水迹线

waterlogged /ˈwɔ:təlɒɡd/ adj.  1  saturated with water 充满水的；浸透水的 2 (of a boat etc.) hardly able to float from being saturated or filled with water (指船等)进水失控的 3 (of ground) made useless by being saturated with water (指土地)水涝的 [waterlog (v.), from WATER + LOG1, probably originally = ‘reduce (a ship) to the condition of a log’]

Waterloo /wɔ:təˈlu:/ n.  a decisive defeat; an irrevocable end (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 meet one's Waterloo) 毁灭性的打击；惨败 [Waterloo, a village in Belgium, where Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815]

water main n.  the main pipe in a water supply system 给水干管，总水管

waterman /ˈwɔ:təmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a boatman plying for hire 船工；船民 2  an oarsman as regards skill in keeping the boat balanced 桨手

watermark /ˈwɔ:təmɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  a faint design made in some paper during manufacture, visible when held against the light, identifying the maker etc. (压印在纸张里的)水印 ●v. tr.  mark with this (在纸张上)印水印图案

water-meadow n.  a meadow periodically flooded by a stream or river (因周期性水淹而保持肥沃的)浸水草地，草甸

water measurer n.  a long thin aquatic bug of the family Hydrometridae which walks slowly on the surface film of water (尺蝽科)水虫

watermelon /ˈwɔ:təmelən/ n.  a large smooth green melon, Citrullus lanatus, with red pulp and watery juice 西瓜

water meter n.  a device for measuring and recording the amount of water supplied to a house etc. 水表

water milfoil  see 见 MILFOIL 2 

watermill /ˈwɔ:təmil/ n.  a mill worked by a waterwheel 水磨

water moccasin  see 见 MOCCASIN 2 

water nymph n.  a nymph regarded as inhabiting or presiding over water; a naiad (希腊或罗马神话中的)水中仙女，水神

water of crystallization n.  water forming an essential part of the structure of some crystals 结晶水

water of life n. literary  spiritual enlightenment [文学用语]灵魂的启迪；教化

water opossum n.  = YAPOK 

water ouzel n.  = DIPPER 1 

water-pepper n.  a knotweed of damp ground, Persicaria hydropiper, with peppery-tasting leaves 蓼(叶带辣味)

water pipe n.  1  a pipe for conveying water 水管 2  a hookah 水烟筒

water pistol n.  a toy pistol shooting a jet of water 玩具喷水枪

water plantain n.  a plant of the genus Alisma, with plantain-like leaves, found esp. in ditches 泽泻(泽泻属植物)

water polo n.  a game played by swimmers, with a ball like a football 水球运动

water-power n.  1  mechanical force derived from the weight or motion of water 水力，水能 2  a fall in the level of a river, as a source of this force (其水力可利用的)瀑布

waterproof /ˈwɔ:təpru:f/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  impervious to water 防水的，不透水的 ●n. Brit.  a waterproof garment or material [英]雨衣；防水材料 ●v. tr.  make waterproof 使不透水，使防水 □ waterproofer  n.  作防水处理的工人；防水材料□ waterproofness  n.  

water purslane n.  a creeping plant, Lythrum portula, growing in damp places 沼泽丁香蓼

water rail n.  a wading bird, Rallus aquaticus, frequenting marshes etc. 普通秧鸡(一种涉禽)

water rat n.  = WATER VOLE 

water rate n.  a charge made for the use of the public water supply 自来水费

water-repellent adj. (esp. of a coating or finish) not easily penetrated by water (尤指涂层或涂饰)抗水的

water-resistant adj. (of a fabric, wristwatch, etc.) able to resist, but not entirely prevent, the penetration of water (指织物、手表等)抗水(但不完全防水)的 □ water-resistance  n.  

water scorpion n.  an aquatic bug of the family Nepidae, living submerged and breathing through a bristle-like tubular tail 水蝎

watershed /ˈwɔ:təʃed/ n.  1  a line of separation between waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas 分水岭，分水线 2  a turning point in affairs 转折点；重要关头 [WATER + shed ‘ridge of high ground’ (related to SHED2), suggested by German Wasserscheide]

waterside /ˈwɔ:təsaid/ n.  the margin of a sea, lake, or river 海滨；湖畔；河滨

water-ski n. & v. ●n. (pl. -skis)  each of a pair of skis for skimming the surface of the water when towed by a motor boat (由摩托艇拽曳的)滑水橇 ●v. intr. (-skis, -skied /-ski:d/; -skiing)  travel on water-skis 坐滑水橇滑水 □ water-skier  n.  

water slide n.  a usu. high or long slide, down which water cascades, esp. into a swimming pool (尤指游泳池中的)滑梯

water softener n.  an apparatus or substance for softening hard water (硬水)软化器；软水剂

water soldier n.  a European aquatic plant of the frogbit family, Stratiotes aloides, with rigid spiny sword-shaped leaves 水芦荟，水兵草

water-soluble adj.  soluble in water 可溶解于水的

water-splash n. Brit.  part of a road submerged by a stream or pool [英] (淹没在水中的)浸水路段

water sport n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a sport practised on water, such as water-skiing, windsurfing, etc. 水上运动(如滑水、冲浪等)

waterspout /ˈwɔ:təspaʊt/ n.  a gyrating column of water and spray formed by a whirlwind between sea and cloud (龙卷风引起的)水龙卷，海龙卷

water starwort n.  any plant of the genus Callitriche, growing in water 水马齿属植物

water supply n.  the provision and storage of water, or the amount of water stored, for the use of a town, house, etc. 给水系统；(城镇、家庭等用水的)储水量

water-table n.  = WATER LEVEL 2 

water taxi n.  a small usu. motor-driven boat for transporting casual passengers 水上出租车(运送临时旅客小艇，通常为动力驱动的)

waterthrush /ˈwɔ:təθrʌʃ/ n.  either of two small N. American birds of the genus Seiurus, found near woodland streams and swamps (产于北美的)水鸫

watertight /ˈwɔ:tətait/ adj.  1 (of a joint, container, vessel, etc.) closely fastened or fitted or made so as to prevent the passage of water (指接口，容器等)不透水的，水密的 2 (of an argument etc.) unassailable (指观点等)无懈可击的，天衣无缝的

water torture n.  a form of torture in which the victim is exposed to the incessant dripping of water on the head, or the sound of dripping (用水不断地滴其前额或用不断的滴水声折磨受害者的)水刑

water tower n.  a tower with an elevated tank to give pressure for distributing water (自来水)水塔

water vole n.  a large semiaquatic vole, esp. Arvicola terrestris 水鼠

water wagon  see 见 WAGON 

waterway /ˈwɔ:təwei/ n.  1  a navigable channel 航道 2  a route for travel by water 水路 3  a thick plank at the outer edge of a deck along which a channel is hollowed for water to run off by (船上的)舷侧排水沟

waterweed /ˈwɔ:təwi:d/ n.  any of various aquatic plants 水藻；各种水生植物

waterwheel /ˈwɔ:təwi:l/ n.  a wheel driven by water to work machinery, or to raise water 水车；扬水车

water wings n. pl.  inflated floats fixed on the arms of a person learning to swim 水翼(学游泳的人缚于双臂的充气浮袋)

waterworks /ˈwɔ:təwɜ:ks/ n. pl.  1  an establishment for managing a water supply 供水系统；自来水厂 2 colloq.  the shedding of tears (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 turn on the waterworks) [口]流泪；哭泣 3 Brit. colloq.  the urinary system [英口]泌尿系统

watery /ˈwɔ:t(ə)ri/ adj.  1  containing too much water 水分过多的 2  too thin in consistency 稀薄的；像水的 3  of or consisting of water 水的；由水组成的 4 (of the eyes) suffused or running with water (眼睛)水汪汪的 5 (of conversation, style, etc.) vapid, uninteresting (交谈、文章等)乏味的 6 (of colour) pale (颜色)淡的 7 (of the sun, moon, or sky) rainy-looking (太阳、月亮或天空)有雨意的 □ wateriness  n.   [Old English wœterig (as WATER, -Y1)]

watery grave n.  the bottom of the sea as a place where a person lies drowned 海葬

Wathawurung /ˈwʌtəwəˌrʌŋ/ n.  an Aboriginal language of Victoria, now extinct 澳大利亚维多利亚州的一种土著语言，现已灭绝

watt /wɒt/ n.  the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the rate of energy in an electric circuit where the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere (symbol 符 W) 瓦，瓦特(功率单位) [named after J. Watt, Scots engineer d. 1819]

wattage /ˈwɒtidʒ/ n.  an amount of electrical power expressed in watts 瓦(特)数

watt-hour n.  the energy used when one watt is applied for one hour 瓦(特小)时(能量单位)

wattle1 /ˈwɒt(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  interlaced rods and split rods as a material for making fences, walls, etc. (用作篱笆、围墙等的)枝条构架b (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  rods and twigs for this use 作构架用的枝条 2  an Australian acacia with long pliant branches, with bark used in tanning and golden flowers used as the national emblem (澳大利亚的)金合欢树(树皮用于鞣革，金合欢花为该国的象征) 3 dial.  a wicker hurdle [方]篱笆，栅栏 ●v. tr.  1  make of wattle 编(枝条) 2  enclose or fill up with wattles 用枝条围或填补 [Old English watul, of unknown origin]

wattle2 /ˈwɒt(ə)l/ n.  1  a loose fleshy appendage on the head or throat of a turkey or other birds (火鸡等鸟类头上或喉头下方的)皮瘤；肉垂 2  = BARBn. 3  □ wattled  adj.   [16th c.: origin unknown]

wattle and daub n.  a network of rods and twigs plastered with mud or clay as a building material 泥笆墙；抹灰篱笆墙

wattlebird /ˈwɒt(ə)lbɜ:d/ n.  1  an Australian honeyeater of the genus Anthochaera or Melidectes, with a wattle hanging from each cheek 食蜜雀(产于澳洲) 2  a New Zealand bird of the family Callaeidae, with wattles hanging from the base of the bill, e.g. the saddleback 垂耳鸦(产于新西兰)

wattmeter /ˈwɒtmi:tə/ n.  a meter for measuring the amount of electricity in watts 瓦特计，电表

waul /wɔ:l/ v. intr. (also 亦作 wawl)  give a loud plaintive cry like a cat 恸哭，痛哭；哇哇地哭 [imitative]

wave /weiv/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  move a hand etc. to and fro in greeting or as a signal 挥(手等)打招呼(或示意)  waved to me across the street  在马路对面向我招手b tr.  move (a hand etc.) in this way 挥(手等) 2  a intr.  show a sinuous or sweeping motion as of a flag, tree, or a cornfield in the wind; flutter, undulate (旗帜、树、麦田等在风中的)飘动；摆动；起伏；波动b tr.  impart a waving motion to 使飘动(摆动，摇动) 3 tr.  brandish (a sword etc.) as an encouragement to followers etc. 挥舞；晃动(剑等武器，以示鼓励) 4 tr.  tell or direct (a person) by waving 挥手示意或指挥(某人)  waved them away  挥手让他们离开 waved them to follow  招手让他们跟上 5 tr.  express (a greeting etc.) by waving 招手；挥手(表示问候等)  waved goodbye to them  挥手向他们告别 6 tr.  give an undulating form to (hair, drawn lines, etc.); make wavy 使(头发、画的线等)成波浪形；成波纹 7 intr. (of hair etc.) have such a form; be wavy (指头发等)呈波形 ●n.  1  a ridge of water between two depressions 波浪 2  a long body of water curling into an arched form and breaking on the shore 波涛 3  a thing compared to this, e.g. a body of persons in one of successive advancing groups (人群等的)潮涌 4  a gesture of waving 挥手 5  a  the process of waving the hair 烫发b  an undulating form produced in the hair by waving (烫发后的)卷发，波浪形头发 6  a  a temporary occurrence or increase of a condition, emotion, or influence (情况的)突发；(情绪的)高涨；(影响的)激增  a wave of enthusiasm  热潮b (esp. in phrs. 尤用于短语 heatwave, cold wave)  a spell of abnormal heat or cold 热浪；寒流 7 Physics  a  a periodic disturbance of the particles of a substance which may be propagated without net movement of the particles, as in the passage of undulating motion, heat, sound, etc. (see also 另见 STANDING WAVE, TRAVELLING WAVE) 【物理学】(粒子、热、声等传播的)波状运动b  a single curve in the course of this motion (波状运动传播过程中的)波 8 Electr.  a similar variation of an electromagnetic field in the propagation of light or other radiation through a medium or vacuum 【电】电磁波 9 (in pl. 用复数 ; prec. by 前接 the) poet.  the sea; water [诗]海；水 □ make waves  colloq. [口]  1  cause trouble 引起混乱；制造麻烦；兴风作浪 2  create a significant impression 引起轩然大波□ wave aside   dismiss as intrusive or irrelevant 挥走；排斥；对…置之不理□ wave down   wave to (a vehicle or its driver) as a signal to stop 挥手示意(车辆或其司机)停下□ waveless  adj.  □ wavelike  adj. & adv.   [Old English wafian (v.) from Germanic: the noun also by alteration of Middle English wawe, wage]

waveband /ˈweivbænd/ n.  a range of (esp. radio) wavelengths between certain limits (尤指无线电的)波段

wave equation n.  a differential equation expressing the properties of motion in waves 波动方程

waveform /ˈweivfɔ:m/ n. Physics  a curve showing the shape of a wave at a given time 【物理学】波形

wavefront /ˈweivfrʌnt/ n. Physics  a surface containing points affected in the same way by a wave at a given time 【物理学】波阵面，波前

wave function n.  a function satisfying a wave equation and describing the properties of a wave 波函数

waveguide /ˈweivɡaid/ n. Electr.  a metal tube etc. confining and conveying microwaves 【电】波导(管)

wavelength /ˈweivleŋθ, -leŋkθ/ n.  1  the distance between successive crests of a wave, esp. points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave (symbol 符λ) 波长(尤指声波或电磁波) 2  this as a distinctive feature of radio waves from a transmitter (无线电的)波长 3 colloq.  a particular mode or range of thinking and communicating [口]观点；说法  we don't seem to be on the same wavelength  我们似乎观点不同

wavelet /ˈweivlit/ n.  a small wave on water 微波，小浪，涟漪

wave machine n.  a device for producing waves in a swimming pool (游泳池中的)造波机

wave mechanics n.  a method of analysis of the behaviour esp. of atomic phenomena with particles represented by wave equations (see 见 QUANTUM MECHANICS) 波动力学

wave number n. Physics  the number of waves in a unit distance 【物理学】波数

waver /ˈweivə/ v. intr.  1  be or become unsteady; falter; begin to give way 摇摆；摇晃；变得不稳固 2  be irresolute or undecided between different courses or opinions; be shaken in resolution or belief 犹豫不决；摇摆不定；(决心或信心)动摇 3 (of a light) flicker (指光)闪烁 □ waverer  n.  □ waveringly  adv.  □ wavery  adj.   [Middle English via Old Norse vafra ‘flicker’ from Germanic: related to WAVE]

wave theory n. hist.  the theory that light is propagated through the ether by a wave motion imparted to the ether by the molecular vibrations of the radiant body [史义]波动说

wave train n.  a group of waves of equal or similar wavelengths travelling in the same direction 波列(向同一方向传播的波长相等或相近的波)

wavy /ˈweivi/ adj. (wavier, waviest) (of a line or surface) having waves or alternate contrary curves (指线或表面)波浪形的；波纹状的  wavy hair  鬈发 □ wavily  adv.  □ waviness  n.  

wa-wa var.  of WAH-WAH  WAH-WAH 的变体

wawl var.  of WAUL  WAUL 的变体

wax1 /wæks/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sticky mouldable yellowish substance secreted by bees as the material of honeycomb cells; beeswax 蜂蜡(蜜蜂分泌的一种微黄色黏性可塑物质，用以构筑蜂房) 2  a white translucent material obtained from this by bleaching and purifying and used for candles, in modelling, as a basis of polishes, and for other purposes 蜡(从蜂蜡中经过漂白和提纯提取的物质，用于制蜡烛、制模、上光和其他用途) 3  any similar substance, typically a lipid or hydrocarbon 蜡状物(一般为脂类或碳氢化合物)  earwax  耳垢  paraffin wax  石蜡 4 colloq. [口]  a  a gramophone record 留声机唱片b  material for the manufacture of this 制造唱片的材料 5 (作 attrib.)  made of wax 蜡制的 ●v. tr.  1  cover or treat with wax or a similar substance 用蜡(或类似的东西)涂(或处理)，给…上蜡  waxed jacket  油布雨衣 2  remove unwanted hair from (legs etc.) by applying wax and peeling off the wax and hairs together 用热蜡除去(腿部等的)毛 3 colloq.  record for the gramophone [口]把…灌制唱片 □ be wax in a person's hands   be overcompliant or easily influenced by a person (像蜡一样)过于顺从某人；极易受某人影响□ waxer  n.  上蜡工；打蜡机 [Old English wœx, weax, from Germanic]

wax2 /wæks/ v. intr.  1 (of the moon between new and full) have a progressively larger part of its visible surface illuminated, increasing in apparent size (月亮)渐圆，渐满 2 literary  become larger or stronger [文学用语]渐渐变大；变强 3 (foll. by 后跟 compl.)  pass into a specified state or mood 渐渐变成，转为(某种状态或情绪)  wax lyrical  变得热情奔放 □ wax and wane   undergo alternate increases and decreases 经历兴衰 [Old English weaxan, from Germanic]

wax3 /wæks/ n. Brit. slang  a fit of anger (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 be in a wax) [英] [俚语]生气；发怒 [19th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps from phrases such as wax angry etc.]

waxberry /ˈwæksb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a wax myrtle 杨梅 2  the fruit of this 杨梅果

waxbill /ˈwæksbil/ n.  any small finchlike bird of the family Estrildidae with a red bill resembling sealing wax in colour 梅花雀；蜡喙鸟

waxcloth /ˈwæksklɒθ/ n.  oilcloth 蜡布；油布

waxed jacket n.  an outdoor jacket made of waterproof waxed cotton 油布雨衣

waxed paper n.  paper impregnated with wax to make it waterproof or greaseproof (防水、防油的)蜡纸

waxen /ˈwæks(ə)n/ adj.  1  having a smooth pale translucent surface as of wax 像蜡般光滑苍白的 2  able to receive impressions like wax; plastic 似蜡的；可塑的 3 archaic  made of wax [古义]腊制的

wax-light n.  a taper or candle of wax 蜡捻子；蜡烛

wax moth n.  a pyralid moth whose larvae feed on beeswax, esp. Galleria mellonella, a pest of beehives 大蜡螟(其幼虫以蜂蜡为食)

wax myrtle n.  = BAYBERRY 

wax-painting n.  = ENCAUSTIC 

wax palm n.  1  a S. American palm, Ceroxylon alpinum, with a stem coated in a mixture of resin and wax 安地斯蜡榈(树干覆有树脂和蜡的混合物) 2  a carnauba 巴西蜡榈

wax paper n.  = WAXED PAPER 

wax-pod n.  a yellow-podded bean 黄荚种菜豆

wax-tree n.  a tree yielding wax, esp. an Asian tree, Rhus succedanea, having white berries used as a substitute for beeswax 野漆树(一种产蜡的树，其白色浆果可做蜂蜡的替代物)

waxwing /ˈwækswiŋ/ n.  any bird of the genus Bombycilla, with small tips like red sealing wax to some wing feathers 朱缘蜡翅鸟

waxwork /ˈwækswɜ:k/ n.  1  a  an object, esp. a lifelike dummy, modelled in wax 蜡制品(尤指逼真的蜡像)b  the making of waxworks 蜡制品制作 2 (in pl. 用复数)  an exhibition of wax dummies 蜡像展(馆)

waxy1 /ˈwæksi/ adj. (waxier, waxiest)  resembling wax in consistency or in its surface 蜡质的；像蜡的 □ waxily  adv.  □ waxiness  n.   [WAX1 + -Y1]

waxy2 /ˈwæksi/ adj. (waxier, waxiest) Brit. slang  angry, quick-tempered [英] [俚语]生气的；易怒的 [WAX3 + -Y1]

way /wei/ n. & adv. ●n.  1  a road, track, path, etc., for passing along 道，径，路 2  a course or route for reaching a place, esp. the best one 路线(尤指最便捷的)  asked the way to London  问去伦敦走哪条路 3  a place of passage into a building, through a door, etc. 通道；出口  could not find the way out  找不到出口 4  a  a method or plan for attaining an object 方法  that is not the way to do it  那不是做此事的正确方法b  the ability to obtain one's object 手段  has a way with him  有办法对付他 5  a  a person's desired or chosen course of action 愿望，意愿b  a custom or manner of behaving; a personal peculiarity 作风；癖性  has a way of forgetting things  有忘事的毛病 things had a way of going badly  事情总是向坏的方向发展 6  a specific manner of life or procedure 特定的生活方式或某种程序  soon got into the way of it  很快养成了这样的生活习惯 7  the normal course of events 常规  that is always the way  事情总是那样 8  a travelling distance; a length traversed or to be traversed 距离，路程  is a long way away  路途很远 9  a  an unimpeded opportunity of advance 不受阻碍的前进机会b  a space free of obstacles 出路；没有阻挡的空间 10  a region or ground over which advance is desired or natural 活动范围；余地 11  advance in some direction; impetus, progress 进程；推动，前进  pushed my way through  我奋力向前进 12  movement of a ship etc. (船等的)航行  gather way  加速 lose way  减速 13  the state of being engaged in movement from place to place; time spent in this 行进中；途中  met them on the way home  在回家的路上碰见他们 with songs to cheer the way  边走边唱 14  a specified direction 方向  step this way  这边走 which way are you going?  你走哪边？ 15 (in pl. 用复数)  parts into which a thing is divided (分成的)部分  split it three ways  把它分为 3 部分 16 colloq.  the scope or range of something [口]类，种类  want a few things in the stationery way  要一些文具之类的东西 17  a person's line of occupation or business (某人从事的)行业或业务 18  a specified condition or state (特定的)情况；状态  things are in a bad way  诸事不理想 19  a respect 方面  is useful in some ways  在某些方面有用 20  a (in pl. 用复数)  a structure of timber etc. down which a new ship is launched (新船下水的)滑道b  parallel rails etc. as a track for the movement of a machine (机器运行的)导轨，滑槽 ●adv. colloq.  to a considerable extent; far [口]远远地；大大地；非常  you're way off the mark  你离题太远 □ across (or over) the way   opposite 在对面□ be on one's way   set off; depart 出发，起程□ by the way   1  incidentally; as a more or less irrelevant comment 附带说说；顺便说一句 2  during a journey 在路上，在途中□ by way of   1  through; by means of 经由；通过…的方法 2  as a substitute for or as a form of 当作，用作  did it by way of apology  以此作为道歉 3  with the intention of 意在，为了  asked by way of discovering the truth  进行询问以发现真相□ come one's way   become available to one; become one's lot 发生在某人身上；变得对某人有用□ find a way   discover a means of obtaining one's object 找出解决办法□ get (or have) one's way (or have it one's own way etc.)   get what one wants; ensure one's wishes are met 想怎样就怎样；随心所欲□ give way   1  a  make concessions 让步；妥协b  fail to resist; yield 投降；屈服 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  concede precedence (to) 让…在先 3 (of a structure etc.) be dislodged or broken under a load; collapse (建筑物)坍陷，倒塌 4 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be superseded by 被取代；让位于 5 (foll. by 后跟 to)  be overcome by (an emotion etc.) (情感等)失去控制 6 (of rowers) row hard (指划手)用力划□ go out of one's way  (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  make a special effort; act gratuitously or without compulsion 特地；自愿  went out of their way to help  他们特地去帮忙□ go one's own way   act independently, esp. against contrary advice 我行我素(尤指不听旁人劝告)□ go one's way   1  leave, depart 离开，出发 2 (of events, circumstances, etc.) be favourable to one (指事情、情况等)对某人有利□ go a person's way   travel in the same direction as a person 与某人同路  are you going my way?  你和我同路吗？□ have it both ways   see 见 BOTH □ in its way   if regarded from a particular standpoint appropriate to it 如果从某一合适的立场来看□ in no way   not at all; by no means 决不，一点也不，毫不□ in a way   in a certain respect but not altogether or completely 从某方面看；在某种程度上□ in the (or one's) way   forming an obstacle or hindrance 挡着某人的道；妨碍着某人□ lead the way   1  act as guide or leader 引路，带路 2  show how to do something 示范□ look the other way   1  ignore what one should notice 佯作不知 2  disregard an acquaintance etc. whom one sees 避而不见某个熟人等□ one way and another   taking various considerations into account 不管怎样；考虑到各个方面□ one way or another   by some means 用某种方法□ on the (or one's) way   1  in the course of a journey etc. 在旅途中 2  having progressed 在进行中；来到，接近  is well on the way to completion  即将完成 3 colloq. (of a child) conceived but not yet born [口] (孩子)已成胎，但尚未出生□ on the way out  colloq. [口]  1  going down in status, estimation, or favour; going out of fashion 将被淘汰的；已渐不流行的；即将过时的 2  dying 灭亡□ the other way round (or Brit. [英] about or US [美] around)   in an inverted or reversed position or direction 相反地；倒过来；反过来□ out of the way   1  no longer an obstacle or hindrance 不挡道；不碍事 2  disposed of; settled 被处理的；已解决的 3 (of a person) imprisoned or killed (指人)被监禁；被杀 4 (with neg. 与否定词连用)  unusual or remarkable 不寻常的，奇特的  nothing out of the way  没什么特别 5 (of a place) remote, inaccessible (指地方)偏僻的，难达到的□ out of one's way   not on one's intended route 不在预期的路线上□ put a person in the way of   give a person the opportunity of 给某人以…的机会□ way back  colloq.  long ago [口]很久以前□ the way of the Cross   a series of images representing the stations of the cross, esp. in a church or on the road to a shrine (尤指在教堂或通往圣殿路上的)耶稣受难组画□ way of life   the principles or habits governing all one's actions etc. (指导某人的行为等的)准则(或习惯)□ way of thinking   one's customary opinion of matters (某人对事物的)惯常的想法，意见□ way of the world   the customary manner of proceeding, behaving, etc. 一般习惯；世道常情□ ways and means   1  methods of achieving something (达到某种目的的)方法，手段 2  methods of raising government revenue 增加政府收入的方法；财源 [Old English weg from Germanic: the adverb from AWAY]

-way /wei/ suffix  = -WAYS 

waybill /ˈweibil/ n.  a list of passengers or parcels on a vehicle 乘客名单；运货单

waybread /ˈweibred/ n. Brit. archaic  a broadleaved plantain (see 见 PLANTAIN1) [英古义]宽叶车前草 [Old English wegbrœˉde (as WAY, BROAD)]

wayfarer /ˈweifɛərə/ n.  a traveller, esp. on foot (尤指徒步)旅行者 □ wayfaring  n.  

wayfaring tree n.  a white-flowered European and Asian shrub, Viburnum lantana, common along roadsides, with berries turning from green through red to black 绵毛荚蒾(一种产于欧亚的灌木，开白花，其果从绿变红至黑色)

waylay /weiˈlei/ v. tr. (past and past part. waylaid)  1  lie in wait for 埋伏等候 2  stop to rob or interview 拦截(为抢劫或采访等) □ waylayer  n.  

way-leave n.  a right of way rented to another (用私人土地作通道的)通行权

waymark /ˈweimɑ:k/ n. & v. ●n. (also 亦作 waymarker /-mɑ:kə/)  a natural or artificial object as a guide to travellers, esp. walkers 路标(尤为步行者设的) ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 waymarked adj.)  identify (a path etc.) with such a marker 根据路标识(路)

Wayne /wein/   韦恩 [人名]

way-out adj. colloq. [口]  1  unusual, eccentric 奇异的；古怪的 2  avant-garde, progressive 标新立异的；先锋派的 3  excellent, exciting 极好的；令人兴奋的

waypoint /ˈweipɔint/ n.  1  a stopping place, esp. on a journey (尤指旅途中的)停留处 2  the computer-checked coordinates of each stage of a flight, sea journey, etc. 航途基准点 also 亦作 attrib.: waypoint navigation facility  航途基准点的导航设备

-ways /weiz/ suffix  forming adjectives and adverbs of direction or manner (sideways 侧面的；向一边的) (cf. 参见 -WISE) 构成形容词或副词，表示“在…方向”；“以…方式” [WAY + -S1]

wayside /ˈweisaid/ n.  1  the side or margin of a road 路边，道边 2  the land at the side of a road 路边的地带 □ fall by the wayside   fail to continue in an endeavour or undertaking (after Luke 8:5) 中途退出，半途而废(源自《圣经·路加福音》 8:5)

way station n. N. Amer. [北美]  1  a minor station on a railway (铁路上的)小站 2  a point marking progress in a certain course of action etc. (某些活动进程中标志进展的)标志点

wayward /ˈweiwəd/ adj.  1  childishly self-willed or perverse; capricious 像孩子般任性或蛮不讲理的；反复无常的 2  unaccountable or freakish 莫名其妙的；古怪的 □ waywardly  adv.  □ waywardness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete awayward ‘turned away’, from AWAY + -WARD: cf. FROWARD]

way-worn adj.  tired with travel 旅途劳累的

wayzgoose /ˈweizɡu:s/ n. (pl. -gooses) Brit. hist.  an annual summer dinner or outing held by a printing house for its employees [英史义]同欢(印刷厂为其雇员举行的一年一次的夏季聚餐或郊游活动) [17th c. (earlier waygoose): origin unknown]

Wb abbr. [缩略]  weber(s) 

WC abbr. [缩略]  1 Brit. [英]  water closet  2  West Central (伦敦郊区的)西中央区

WCC abbr.  World Council of Churches [缩略]世界基督教协进会

W/Cdr. abbr. [缩略]  Wing Commander 

WD abbr. Brit. [缩略] [英]  1  War Department  2  Works Department 工程部

we /wi:/ pron. (obj. us; poss. our, ours)  1 (pl. of I2)  used by and with reference to more than one person speaking or writing, or one such person and one or more associated persons 我们 2  used for or by a royal person in a proclamation etc. and by a writer or editor in a formal context (帝王、君主的自称)朕，寡人；(报刊编者、作者在正式文本中使用)本刊，笔者 3  people in general (cf. 参见 ONE pron. 2) (泛指人们)我们 4 colloq. [口]  = I2 give us a chance  给咱个机会  5 colloq. (often implying condescension) you [口] (常表示亲切)你(们)  how are we feeling today?  咱们看看你今天感觉怎么样？ [Old English from Germanic]

WEA abbr. (in the UK) Workers' Educational Association [缩略] (英国)工人教育协会

weak /wi:k/ adj.  1  deficient in strength, power, or number; fragile; easily broken or bent or defeated 无力的；无权威的；数量不足的；脆弱的；易弯曲的；易被击败的 2  deficient in vigour; sickly, feeble 无力的；多病的，虚弱的  weak health  衰弱的身体 a weak imagination  贫乏的想像力 3  a  deficient in resolution; easily led 优柔寡断的；易被引导的  a weak character  优柔寡断的性格b  indicating a lack of resolution 意志薄弱的；懦弱的  a weak surrender  不光彩的投降 a weak chin  软弱的性格 4  unconvincing or logically deficient 无说服力的；(逻辑)不周密的  weak evidence  无力的证据 a weak argument  不充分的论据 5 (of a mixed liquid or solution) watery, thin, dilute (指混合液或溶液)似水的，稀薄的，淡的  weak tea  淡茶 6 (of a style etc.) not vigorous or well-knit; diffuse, slipshod (指文体风格等)松散的；冗长的；散漫的 7 (of a crew) short-handed (指人员)短缺的 8 (of a syllable etc.) unstressed (音节等)非重读的 9 Gram.  in Germanic languages 【语法】在日尔曼语系中 :a (of a verb) forming inflections by the addition of a suffix to the stem (动词)词干后加后缀的b (of a noun or adjective) belonging to a declension in which the stem originally ended in -n (opp. 反义 STRONG adj. 22b) (名词或形容词)属于本来以 n 结尾的词干作词尾变化的 □ weakish  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse veikr, from Germanic]

weaken /ˈwi:k(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become weak or weaker 使弱；变弱 □ weakener  n.  

weak ending n. Prosody  an unstressed syllable in a normally stressed place at the end of a verse-line 【诗体】(诗句的)弱化尾音节

weaker sex n. (prec. by 前接 the) derog.  women [贬]女性；女人

weakfish /ˈwi:kfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同) US  a marine fish of the genus Cynoscion, used as food [美]一种食用鱼(属海鱼，可食用) [obsolete Dutch weekvisch, from week ‘soft’ (formed as WEAK) + visch FISH1]

weak interaction n. Physics  the weakest form of interaction between subatomic particles 【物理学】(基本粒子间的)弱相互作用

weak-kneed adj. colloq.  lacking resolution [口]缺乏决断的

weakling /ˈwi:kliŋ/ n.  a feeble person or animal 瘦弱的人；弱小的动物

weakly /ˈwi:kli/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  in a weak manner 虚弱地；懦弱地；软弱无力地；微弱的 ●adj. (weaklier, weakliest)  sickly, not robust 病弱的，弱不禁风的 □ weakliness  n.  

weak-minded adj.  1  mentally deficient 智力低下的 2  lacking in resolution 迟疑不决的 □ weak-mindedness  n.  

weak moment n.  a time when one is unusually compliant or temptable 易被说服或诱惑的时刻

weakness /ˈwi:knis/ n.  1  the state or condition of being weak 虚弱，衰弱 2  a weak point; a defect 弱点，缺点 3  the inability to resist a particular temptation 对某一诱惑的不可抵挡 4 (foll. by 后跟 for)  a self-indulgent liking 嗜好；偏爱  have a weakness for chocolate  非常喜欢吃巧克力

weak point n. (also 亦作 weak spot)  1  a place where defences are assailable 防御薄弱的地方 2  a flaw in an argument or character or in resistance to temptation (论点、性格或抵抗诱惑方面的)弱点

weal1 /wi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a ridge raised on the flesh by a stroke of a rod or whip (皮肤受棍或鞭抽打后隆起的)条状伤痕 2 Med.  a raised and reddened area of the skin, usu. accompanied by itching 【医】皮肤上隆起的红的地方(通常发痒) ●v. tr.  mark with a weal 在…上抽打出条状鞭痕 [variant of WALE, influenced by obsolete wheal ‘suppurate’]

weal2 /wi:l/ n. literary  welfare, prosperity; good fortune [文学用语]福利；繁荣；好运道 [Old English wela from West Germanic: related to WELL1]

Weald /wi:ld/ n. (also 亦作 weald) (prec. by 前接 the) Brit.  a formerly wooded district including parts of Kent, Surrey, and East Sussex [英]威尔德地区(从前为林地，包括肯特、萨里和东苏塞克斯三郡的部分地区) [Old English, = wald WOLD]

weald-clay n.  beds of clay, sandstone, limestone, and ironstone, forming the top of Wealden strata, with abundant fossil remains 威尔德黏土层(威尔德地区由黏土、砂岩、石灰岩和铁矿石构成的土层，该土层以多化石著称)

Wealden /ˈwi:ld(ə)n/ adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●adj.  1  of the Weald 威尔德地区的 2  resembling the Weald geologically 威尔德型地质的 ●n.  a series of Lower Cretaceous freshwater deposits above Jurassic strata and below chalk, best exemplified in the Weald 威尔德统(指一系列早白垩纪的淡水沉积物，处于侏罗纪岩层之上，白垩质之下，以威尔德地区的最为典型)

wealth /welθ/ n.  1  riches; abundant possessions; opulence 财富；钱财，财产 2  the state of being rich 富有，富裕 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  an abundance or profusion 充裕，丰富；大量  a wealth of new material  大量的新材料 4 archaic  welfare or prosperity [古义]幸福；兴旺 [Middle English welthe, from WELL1 or WEAL2 + -TH2, on the pattern of health]

wealth tax n. Brit.  a tax on personal capital [英]个人财产税

wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. (wealthier, wealthiest)  having an abundance esp. of money 富有的，有钱的 □ wealthily  adv.  

wean1 /wi:n/ v. tr.  1  accustom (an infant or other young mammal) to food other than (esp. its mother's) milk 使(婴儿或哺乳动物的幼仔)断奶(尤指母奶) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 from, away from)  disengage (from a habit etc.) by enforced discontinuance (用强制手段)使脱离；使戒掉(习惯等) [Old English wenian ‘accustom’ from Germanic]

wean2 /wi:n/ n. Sc.  a young child [苏格兰]幼儿，婴儿 [contraction of wee ane ‘little one’]

weaner /ˈwi:nə/ n.  a young animal recently weaned 离乳仔畜

weanling /ˈwi:nliŋ/ n.  a newly weaned child etc. 刚断奶的婴儿等

weapon /ˈwep(ə)n/ n.  1  a thing designed or used or usable for inflicting bodily harm (e.g. a gun or cosh) 武器；凶器(如枪或短棒) 2  a means employed for trying to gain the advantage in a conflict 武器(喻指力图在斗争中取得优势的手段)  irony is a double-edged weapon  讽刺是一种双刃武器 □ weaponed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ weaponless  adj.   [Old English wœˉp(e)n, from Germanic]

weaponry /ˈwep(ə)nri/ n.  weapons collectively (总称)武器，兵器

wear1 /wɛə/ v. & n. ●v. (past wore /wɔ:/; past part. worn /wɔ:n/)  1 tr.  have on one's person as clothing or an ornament etc. 穿着(衣服)；戴着(首饰等)  is wearing shorts  穿着短裤 wears earrings  戴着耳环 2 tr.  be dressed habitually in 常穿；习惯穿  wears green  常穿绿色 3 tr.  exhibit or present (a facial expression or appearance) 面露或呈现(表情或样子)  wore a frown  皱着眉头 the day wore a different aspect  天色和往日不同 4 tr. (usu. with neg. 通常与否定词连用) Brit. colloq.  tolerate, accept [英口]容忍；接受  they won't wear that excuse  他们不会接受那个道歉 5 (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down)  a tr.  injure the surface of, or partly obliterate or alter, by rubbing, stress, or use 磨损；用旧；磨出…b intr.  undergo such injury or change 磨损；变旧；用坏 6 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 off, away)  rub or be rubbed off (被)磨去；(被)擦掉 7 tr.  make (a hole etc.) by constant rubbing or dripping etc. 磨破；滴穿 8 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  exhaust, tire or be tired (使)耗尽；(使)疲乏；(使)厌倦 9 tr. (foll. by 后跟 down)  overcome by persistence (通过不懈的努力)克服；制服 10 tr. (as 作 wearing adj.)  tiresome; tedious 无聊的，令人厌倦的 11 intr.  a  remain for a specified time in working order or a presentable state; last long 经用；耐久b (foll. by 后跟 well, badly, etc.)  endure continued use or life 耐用 12  a intr. (of time) pass, esp. tediously (时间)逐渐消逝(尤指无聊地)b tr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 on)  pass (time) gradually away 消磨(时间) 13 tr. (of a ship) fly (a flag) (指船只)升(旗)，挂(旗) ●n.  1  the act of wearing or the state of being worn 穿；穿着；佩戴  suitable for informal wear  适于休闲时穿 2  things worn; fashionable or suitable clothing 穿戴的东西；时装；(专门的)服装  sportswear  运动服 footwear  鞋袜 3 (in full 全称 wear and tear)  damage sustained from continuous use (经常使用造成的)磨损；消耗；损耗 4  the capacity for resisting wear and tear 耐用性；经久性  still a great deal of wear left in it  这还能用很长时间 □ in wear   being regularly worn 常穿戴的□ wear one's heart on one's sleeve   see 见 HEART □ wear off   lose effectiveness or intensity 失去效能；磨损□ wear out   1  use or be used until no longer usable 穿破；用坏 2  tire out (使)疲乏；(使)厌倦□ wear thin  (of patience, excuses, etc.) begin to fail (耐心、谅解等)减弱，慢慢失去□ wear the trousers   see 见 TROUSERS □ wear (or wear one's years) well  colloq.  remain young-looking [口]显得年轻，不显老□ wearable  adj.  □ wearability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ wearer  n.  □ wearingly  adv. (in sense 10 of v. 用于动词释义 10)   [Old English werian, from Germanic]

wear2 /wɛə/ v. (past and past part. wore /wɔ:/)  1 tr.  bring (a ship) about by turning its head away from the wind (把船头)转向下风 2 intr. (of a ship) come about in this way (cf. 参见 TACK1 v. 4) (指船)转向下风 [17th c.: origin unknown]

wearisome /ˈwiəris(ə)m/ adj.  tedious; tiring by monotony or length 令人生厌的；(由于单调或时间太长而)疲倦的；厌烦的 □ wearisomely  adv.  □ wearisomeness  n.  

weary /ˈwiəri/ adj. & v. ●adj. (wearier, weariest)  1  unequal to or disinclined for further exertion or endurance; tired 疲劳的；疲倦的 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  dismayed at the continuing of; impatient of 厌倦的；不耐烦的 3  tiring or tedious 令人疲倦的；冗长乏味的 ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 tr. & intr.  make or grow weary (使)疲劳；(使)厌烦 2 intr. esp. Sc.  long [尤苏格兰]渴望 □ weariless  adj.  □ wearily  adv.  □ weariness  n.  □ wearyingly  adv.   [Old English wērig, wœˉrig, from West Germanic]

weasel /ˈwi:z(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a small brown and white carnivorous mammal, Mustela nivalis, with a slender body, related to the stoat 鼬鼠；黄鼠狼 2 colloq.  a deceitful or treacherous person [口]骗子；背信弃义的人 ●v. intr. (weaselled, weaselling; US [美] weaseled, weaseling)  1 esp. US  equivocate or quibble [尤美]支吾；推诿 2 (foll. by 后跟 on, out)  default on an obligation 疏怠职责 □ weaselly  adj.   [Old English wesle, wesule, from West Germanic]

weasel-faced adj.  having thin sharp features 尖嘴猴腮的

weasel word n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a word that is intentionally ambiguous or misleading 有意含糊或误导的话；模棱两可的言辞

weather /ˈweðə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, and rain etc. 天气，气象 2 (作 attrib.) Naut.  windward 【海】上风的方向  on the weather side  向风侧 ●v.  1 tr.  expose to or affect by atmospheric changes, esp. deliberately to dry, season, etc. 使受日晒雨淋(尤指故意使风干、晒干等)  weathered timber  风干木料 2  a tr. (usu. in passive 通常用被动)  discolour or partly disintegrate (rock or stones) by exposure to air 使(岩石经风吹日晒)变色或风化b intr.  be discoloured or worn in this way (经风吹日晒等而)褪色；风化；风蚀 3 tr.  make (boards or tiles) overlap downwards to keep out rain etc. 将(木板或瓦片)交叠向下放置(以利排雨水等) 4 tr.  a  come safely through (a storm) 平安经受(暴风雨)b  survive (a difficult period etc.) 渡过(难关等) 5 tr. (of a ship or its crew) get to the windward of (a cape etc.) (指船或船员)航行到(海角的)上风；安全地绕过(海角) □ keep a (or one's) weather eye open   be watchful 警惕；留意□ make good (or bad) weather of it  Naut. (of a ship) behave well (or badly) in a storm 【海】(指船)经得起(或经不起)大风大浪□ make heavy weather of  colloq.  exaggerate the difficulty or burden presented by (a problem, course of action, etc.) [口]夸大(某一问题、行动等造成的)困难(或负担)□ under the weather  colloq. [口]  1  slightly unwell 轻微的不舒服 2  in low spirits 情绪低落 3  drunk 喝醉了酒 [Old English weder, from Germanic]

weather-beaten adj.  affected by exposure to the weather 受日晒雨淋的；饱经风霜的

weatherboard /ˈweðəbɔ:d/ n. & v. esp. Brit. [尤英] ●n.  1  a sloping board attached to the bottom of an outside door to keep out the rain etc. (安装在门下端外部挡雨的)风雨板 2  each of a series of horizontal boards with edges overlapping to keep out the rain etc. 封檐板 ●v. tr.  fit or supply with weatherboards 装封檐板 □ weatherboarding  n. (in sense 2 of n. 用于名词释义 2)  

weather-bound adj.  unable to proceed owing to bad weather 被天气所阻的

weather chart n.  a diagram showing the state of the weather over a large area 天气图，气象图

weathercock /ˈweðəkɒk/ n.  1  a weathervane in the form of a cock 风标，风信鸡 2  an inconstant person 见风使舵的人

weather forecast n.  an analysis of the state of the weather with an assessment of likely developments over a certain time 天气预报

weathergirl  see 见 WEATHERMAN 

weather-glass n.  a barometer 气压计；晴雨表

weathering /ˈweð(ə)riŋ/ n.  1  the action of the weather on materials etc. exposed to it 侵蚀；风化 2  exposure to adverse weather conditions (see 见 WEATHER v. 1) 暴露在不利的天气条件下

weatherly /ˈweðəli/ adj. Naut. 【海】  1 (of a ship) making little leeway (指船)能迎风航行而很少发生风压漂移的 2  capable of keeping close to the wind 有顶风行驶能力的 □ weatherliness  n.  

weatherman /ˈweðəmæn/ n. (pl. -men; fem. weathergirl /ˈweðəɡɜ:l/)  a meteorologist, esp. one who broadcasts a weather forecast 气象工作者；(尤指)气象预报员

weather map n.  = WEATHER CHART 

weatherproof /ˈweðəpru:f/ adj. & v. ●adj.  resistant to the effects of bad weather, esp. rain 防风雨的，经得起坏天气的 ●v. tr.  make weatherproof 使防风雨；使不受气候影响 □ weatherproofed  adj.  

weather side n.  the side from which the wind is blowing (opp. 反义 lee side: see 见 LEE 2) 向风面，迎风面

weather station n.  an observation post for recording meteorological data 气象站

weatherstrip /ˈweðəstrip/ n. & v. ●n.  a piece of material used to make a door or window proof against rain or wind (门窗的)挡风雨条 ●v. tr. (-stripped, -stripping)  apply a weatherstrip to 给…装挡风雨条 □ weatherstripping  n.  

weathertight /ˈweθətait/ adj. (of a dwelling) proof against bad weather (住所)防风雨的；不透风雨的

weather-tiles n. pl.  tiles arranged to overlap like weatherboards 墙顶盖瓦，护墙瓦

weathervane /ˈweðəvein/ n.  a revolving pointer mounted on a church spire or other high place to show the direction of the wind (安装在教堂尖顶或其他高处的)风向标

weather-worn adj.  damaged by storms etc. 被风雨等侵蚀了的

weave1 /wi:v/ v. & n. ●v. (past wove /wəʊv/; past part. woven /ˈwəʊv(ə)n/ or wove)  1 tr.  a  form (fabric) by interlacing long threads in two directions 织；编(织物)b  form (thread) into fabric in this way 织；编(线等)成织物 2 intr.  a  make fabric in this way 编织b  work at a loom 织布 3 tr.  make (a basket or wreath etc.) by interlacing rods or flowers etc. 用(枝条或花等)编织(篮子或花环) 4 tr.  a (foll. by 后跟 into)  make (facts etc.) into a story or connected whole (将素材等)编成故事或组合在一起b  make (a story) in this way 编(故事) ●n.  a style of weaving 编织式样；织法 [Old English wefan, from Germanic]

weave2 /wi:v/ v. intr.  1  move repeatedly from side to side; take an intricate course to avoid obstructions 摇摇晃晃地走(动)；(为避开障碍物)迂回前进 2 colloq.  manoeuvre an aircraft in this way; take evasive action [口] (飞机)绕飞；作闪避动作 □ get weaving  Brit. slang  begin action; hurry [英] [俚语]开始行动；赶快 [probably from Middle English weve, variant of waive, from Old Norse veifa WAVE]

weaver /ˈwi:və/ n.  1  a person whose occupation is weaving 织布工；编织者 2 (in full 全称 weaver-bird)  any tropical bird of the family Ploceidae, building elaborately woven nests 织巢鸟

weaver's knot n.  a sheet bend used in weaving 单编结，织布结

web /web/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a network of fine threads constructed by a spider to catch its prey, from fluid secreted from its spinnerets (蜘蛛结的)网 2  a  a complete network or connected series 网络；一系列  a web of social problems  一系列社会问题b  a snare or trap 圈套；陷阱  a web of deceit  欺骗的陷阱 3  a  a membrane between the toes of a swimming animal or bird (游水的动物或水禽的)蹼b  the vane of a bird's feather (鸟的)羽瓣 4  a  a woven fabric 织物b  an amount woven in one piece (织物的)一匹 5  a  a large roll of paper used in a continuous printing process (印刷用的)卷筒纸b  an endless wire mesh on rollers, on which this is made 卷筒上的丝网 6  a thin flat part connecting thicker or more solid parts in machinery etc. 连结板 ●v. (webbed, webbing)  1 tr.  weave a web on 结网于… 2 intr.  weave a web 结网，结成网状 [Old English web, webb, from Germanic]

webbed /webd/ adj.  1  a (of a bird's foot etc.) having the digits connected by a membrane or fold of skin (鸟的足部等)有蹼的b (of fingers or toes) united by a fold of skin (手指或脚趾)有膜连接的 2  covered with or as if with a web 网状的；有网的

webbing /ˈwebiŋ/ n.  strong narrow closely woven fabric used for supporting upholstery, for belts, etc. (用于家具装饰的)结实的带状织物(如饰带等)

weber /ˈveibə/ n.  the SI unit of magnetic flux, causing the electromotive force of one volt in a circuit of one turn when generated or removed in one second (abbr. 缩略 : Wb) 韦伯(磁通量单位) [named after W. E. Weber, German physicist d. 1891]

web-footed adj.  with webbed feet, having the toes connected by webs 蹼足的

web offset n.  offset printing on a web of paper 卷筒纸胶印

web-wheel n.  a wheel having a plate or web instead of spokes, or with rim, spokes, and centre in one piece as in the balance wheel of a clock or watch (钟表等的)板轮，盘式轮

webwork /ˈwebwɜ:k/ n.  a weblike mesh or system of links; a network 网状织物；网状连结系统；网络

webworm /ˈwebwɜ:m/ n. US  a gregarious caterpillar spinning a large web in which to sleep or to feed on enclosed foliage [美]结网毛虫

Wed. abbr. [缩略]  Wednesday 

we'd /wi:d, wid/ contr. [缩合]  1  we had  2  we should; we would 

wed /wed/ v. tr. & intr. (wedding; past and past part. wedded or wed)  1 usu. formal or literary [通常正式] [文学用语]  a tr. & intr.  marry 嫁；娶；结婚b tr.  join in marriage 与…结婚 2 tr.  unite 使结合；使交融  wed efficiency to economy  使效率和经济相结合 3 tr. (as 作 wedded adj.)  of or in marriage 婚姻的；已婚的  wedded bliss  婚后的幸福 4 tr. (as 作 wedded adj.) (foll. by 后跟 to)  obstinately attached or devoted (to a pursuit etc.) 执著于，献身于(某一追求等) [Old English weddian ‘to pledge’, from Germanic]

wedding /ˈwediŋ/ n.  a marriage ceremony (considered by itself or with the associated celebrations) 婚礼，结婚庆典 [Old English weddung (as WED, -ING1)]

wedding breakfast n. Brit.  a meal etc. usually served between a wedding and the departure for the honeymoon [英] (在婚礼后或在蜜月旅行出发前举行的)喜宴

wedding cake n.  a rich iced cake served at a wedding reception 结婚蛋糕

wedding day n.  the day or anniversary of a wedding 婚礼日；结婚纪念日

wedding march n.  a march played at the entrance of the bride or the exit of the couple at a wedding 婚礼进行曲

wedding night n.  the night after a wedding (esp. with reference to its consummation) (尤指完成婚礼的)结婚之夜

wedding ring n.  a ring worn by a married person 结婚戒指

wedge1 /wedʒ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a piece of wood or metal etc. tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them 楔子，尖劈 2  anything resembling or acting as a wedge 楔形物；导致分裂的事物  a wedge of cheese  一角干酪 troops formed a wedge  楔形队形 drove an emotional wedge between them  在他们之间进行挑拨使感情不和 3  a golf club with a wedge-shaped head 带楔形铁头的高尔夫球棒 4  a  a wedge-shaped heel 楔形鞋后跟，坡跟b  a shoe with this 楔形后跟鞋，坡跟鞋 ●v. tr.  1  tighten, secure, or fasten by means of a wedge 楔入；把…楔牢  wedged the door open  用楔子抵住门，让它敞着 2  force open or apart with a wedge (用楔子)劈开；使分裂 3 (foll. by 后跟 in, into)  pack or thrust (a thing or oneself) tightly in or into 挤入；塞入 □ thin end of the wedge  colloq.  an action or procedure of little importance in itself, but likely to lead to more serious developments [口]可能引起大变动的小事□ wedgelike  adj.  □ wedgewise  adv.   [Old English wecg, from Germanic]

wedge2 /wedʒ/ v. tr.  prepare (pottery clay) for use by cutting, kneading, and throwing down (制作陶瓷时)揉(泥) (指将陶土切成块或切成楔形后揉捏、捶打以排除气泡) [17th c.: origin uncertain]

wedge-shaped adj.  1  shaped like a solid wedge 楔形的 2  V-shaped V 形的

wedgie /ˈwedʒi/ n. colloq.  a shoe with a wedge-shaped heel sometimes extending to a platform sole [口]坡跟(女)鞋，楔形后跟(女)鞋

Wedgwood /ˈwedʒwʊd/ n. & adj. propr. ●n.  1  ceramic ware made by J. Wedgwood, English potter d. 1795, and his successors, esp. a kind of fine stoneware usu. with a white cameo design 韦奇伍德陶瓷(由英国著名陶瓷工匠韦奇伍德及继承人制造的一种有白色浮雕的蓝底精制陶瓷) 2  the characteristic blue colour of this stoneware 韦奇伍德陶瓷蓝 ●adj.  of this colour 韦奇伍德陶瓷蓝的

wedlock /ˈwedlɒk/ n.  the married state 已婚状态 □ born in (or out of) wedlock   born of married (or unmarried) parents 婚生(或非婚生)儿 [Old English wedlɑˉc ‘marriage vow’, from wed ‘pledge’ (related to WED) + -lɑˉc suffix denoting action]

Wednesday /ˈwenzdei, -di/ n. & adv. ●n.  the fourth day of the week, following Tuesday 星期三 ●adv. colloq. [口]  1  on Wednesday (在)星期三 2 (Wednesdays)  on Wednesdays; each Wednesday 在每星期三 [Middle English wednesdei, Old English wōdnesdœg ‘day of (the god) Odin’]

Weds. abbr. [缩略]  Wednesday 

wee1 /wi:/ adj. (weer /ˈwi:ə/; weest /ˈwi:ist/)  1 esp. Sc.  little; very small [尤苏格兰]小的；很小的 2 colloq.  tiny; extremely small [口]极小的；一丁点儿的  a wee bit  一点点 [originally Scots noun, from northern Middle English wei ‘(small) quantity’ from Anglian wēg: cf. WEY]

wee2 /wi:/ n. esp. Brit. slang [尤英] [俚语]  = WEE-WEE 

weed /wi:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wild plant growing where it is not wanted 杂草；野草 2  a colloq.  a thin weak-looking or contemptibly feeble person [口]瘦长的人；孱弱的人b slang  an inferior horse [俚语]劣等马 3 (prec. by 前接 the) slang [俚语]  a  marijuana 大麻b  tobacco 烟草 ●v.  1 tr.  a  clear (an area) of weeds 给(某片地)除草b  remove unwanted parts from 从…中去除无用的部分 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  a  sort out (inferior or unwanted parts etc.) for removal 剔除；淘汰(劣的或无用的部分等)b  rid (a quantity or company) of inferior or unwanted members etc. (从一定数量中)剔除劣质的；(从公司中)淘汰冗员 3 intr.  cut off or uproot weeds 割草；拔草 □ weeder  n.  除草人；除草机□ weedless  adj.   [Old English wēod, of unknown origin]

weed-grown adj.  overgrown with weeds 杂草丛生的

weedkiller /ˈwi:dkilə/ n.  a substance used to destroy weeds 除草剂

weeds /wi:dz/ n. pl. (in full 全称 widow's weeds) archaic  deep mourning worn by a widow [古义] (寡妇的)丧服 [Old English wœˉd(e) ‘garment’, from Germanic]

weedy /ˈwi:di/ adj. (weedier, weediest)  1  having many weeds 杂草多的；长满杂草的 2  a  weak-looking; of poor physique etc. 瘦弱的；体格等差的b (of a person) feeble; lacking strength of character (指人)虚弱的；软弱的，懦弱的 □ weediness  n.  

week /wi:k/ n.  1  a period of seven days reckoned usu. from and to 24.00 hours on Saturday 星期，周(通常以星期六 24 点为起讫) 2  a period of seven days reckoned from any point 七天的时间  would like to stay for a week  要呆一个星期 3  the six days between Sundays (星期日之间的)六天 4  a  the five days from Monday to Friday (从周一到周五的)5 天b  the time spent working in this period 工作周  a 35-hour week  35 小时的工作周 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a long time; several weeks 很长一段时间，几周  have not seen you for weeks  好长一段时间没看见你了 did it weeks ago  几星期以前做的 6 (prec. by 前接 a specified day) esp. Brit.  a week after (that day) [尤英]七天后的(那一天)  Tuesday week  下星期二 tomorrow week  下星期这天的次日 [Old English wice from a Germanic word, probably meaning ‘sequence’]

weekday /ˈwi:kdei/ n.  a day other than Sunday or other than Saturday and Sunday 工作日，平日(指星期日或星期六、日以外的日子) often 常作 attrib.: a weekday afternoon  平日的一个下午

weekend /wi:kˈend, ˈwi:-/ n. & v. ●n.  1  Saturday and Sunday 周末，周末休息日(星期六和星期日) 2  this period extended slightly esp. for a holiday or visit etc. (尤指因假日或拜访而稍加延长的)周末休息时间  going away for the weekend  外出度周末 a weekend cottage  周末别墅 ●v. intr.  spend a weekend 度周末  decided to weekend in the country  决定到乡下度周末

weekender /wi:kˈendə/ n.  1  a person who spends weekends away from home 外出度周末的人 2 Austral. colloq.  a holiday cottage [澳口]周末屋 3  a small pleasure boat, esp. one designed for private use at weekends (尤指私人周末用的)小游艇

week-long adj.  lasting for a week 为时一周的，持续一个星期的

weekly /ˈwi:kli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  done, produced, or occurring once a week 一周一次的 ●adv.  once a week; from week to week 一周一次地；每周 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a weekly newspaper or periodical 周报；周刊

ween /wi:n/ v. tr. archaic  be of the opinion; think, suppose [古义]以为；想像；相信；料想 [Old English wēnan, from Germanic]

weenie var.  of WIENER  WIENER 的变体

weeny /ˈwi:ni/ adj. (weenier, weeniest) colloq.  tiny [口]极小的；极少的 [WEE1, on the pattern of tiny, teeny]

weeny-bopper n. Brit.  a girl like a teeny-bopper but younger [英]时尚小女孩(比时尚少女更小)

weep /wi:p/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. wept /wept/)  1 intr.  shed tears 哭泣；流泪 2  a tr. & (foll. by 后跟 for)  intr. shed tears for; bewail, lament over 为…流泪；悲伤；悲叹b tr.  utter or express with tears 哭着说；流着眼泪说出  ‘Don't go, ’ he wept  他哭着说，“别走” she wept her thanks  她流着眼泪道谢 3  a intr.  be covered with or send forth drops 布满或流下(水滴等)b intr. & tr.  come or send forth in drops; exude liquid 流出；渗出(液体)  weeping sore  流血的伤口 4 intr. (as 作 weeping adj.) (of a tree or plant) having drooping branches (指树或植物)枝条下垂的  weeping willow  垂柳 weeping fig  垂枝无花果 ●n.  a fit or spell of weeping 哭泣；一阵哭泣 □ weep out   utter with tears 流着泪说出□ weepingly  adv.   [Old English wēpan from Germanic (probably imitative)]

weeper /ˈwi:pə/ n.  1  a person who weeps, esp. hist. a hired mourner at a funeral 哭泣的人；[尤史义] (丧葬时雇用的)哭丧人 2  a small image of a mourner on a monument 墓碑上代表送葬人的小雕像 3 (in pl. 用复数) hist. [史义]  a  a man's crape hatband for funerals (服丧佩戴物)男子丧帽上的黑带b  a widow's black crape veil or white cuffs 寡妇的黑面纱或白袖口

weepie /ˈwi:pi/ n. (also 亦作 weepy) (pl. -ies) colloq.  a sentimental or emotional film, play, etc. [口]伤感的电影、戏剧等

weepy /ˈwi:pi/ adj. (weepier, weepiest) colloq.  inclined to weep; tearful [口]动不动就哭的；泪汪汪的 □ weepily  adv.  □ weepiness  n.  

weever /ˈwi:və/ n.  any marine fish of the genus Trachinus, with sharp venomous dorsal spines 龙(海水鱼类，背鳍有剧毒) [perhaps via Old French wivre, guivre ‘serpent, dragon’, from Latin vipera VIPER]

weevil /ˈwi:v(ə)l, ˈwi:vil/ n.  1  any beetle of the large family Curculionidae or a related family, with its head extended into a beak or rostrum, including many pests of stored grain etc. 象甲，象鼻虫 2  any insect damaging stored grain 危害贮存的谷物的昆虫 □ weevily  adj.   [Middle English via Middle Low German wevel from Germanic]

wee-wee /ˈwi:wi:/ n. & v. slang [俚语] ●n.  1  the act or an instance of urinating 尿尿(催婴儿撒尿) 2  urine 尿 ●v. intr. (-wees, -weed)  urinate 小便，撒尿 [20th c.: origin unknown]

w.e.f. abbr. Brit.  with effect from [缩略] [英]自…起开始实行；自…起生效

weft1 /weft/ n.  1  a  the threads woven across a warp to make fabric 纬线，纬纱b  yarn for these 作纬线的纱线c  a thing woven 织物 2  filling-strips in basket-weaving (编篮子的)纬向篾条 [Old English weft(a) from Germanic: related to WEAVE1]

weft2 var.  of WAFT  n. 3 WAFT 名词释义 3 的变体

Wehrmacht /ˈvɛərmɑ:xt, 德 ˈve:rmaxt/ n. hist.  the German armed forces, esp. the army, from 1921 to 1945 [史义] (德国的)国防军(尤指 1921 至 1945 年间的军队) [German, = defensive force]

weigela /waiˈdʒi:lə/ n.  an oriental shrub of the genus Weigela (honeysuckle family) with red, pink, or white flowers, esp. W. florida, grown for ornament 锦带花属植物(开红、粉或白花)，尤指锦带花 [modern Latin, named after C.E. Weigel, German physician d. 1831]

weigh1 /wei/ v.  1 tr.  find the weight of 称…的重量 2 tr.  balance in the hands to guess or as if to guess the weight of 用手掂量 3 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a  take a definite weight of; take a specified weight from a larger quantity 称出确定的重量；(从大量的某种东西中)称出指定的重量b  distribute in exact amounts by weight 按一定的重量分发 4 tr.  a  estimate the relative value, importance, or desirability of; consider with a view to choice, rejection, or preference 估计某事物的相对价值、重要性或可取之处；权衡；斟酌  weighed the consequences  认真考虑后果 weighed the merits of the candidates  权衡候选人的优点b (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  compare (one consideration with another) (将一个想法和另一个想法加以)比较 5 tr.  be equal to (a specified weight) 等于，重(某一重量)  weighs three kilos  重 3 公斤 weighs very little  没多少分量 6 intr.  a  have (esp. a specified) importance; exert an influence 有(特定的)重要性；有影响b (foll. by 后跟 with)  be regarded as important by 被(某人)认为重要  the point that weighs with me  我认为重要的那点 7 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on)  be heavy or burdensome (to); be depressing (to) 重压；成为负担；压抑 □ weigh anchor   see 见 ANCHOR □ weigh down   1  bring or keep down by exerting weight 压下；压倒；压弯 2  be oppressive or burdensome to 使心情沉重；使烦恼  weighed down with worries  忧心忡忡□ weigh in  (of a boxer before a contest, or a jockey after a race) be weighed (拳击运动员在赛前或赛马骑师在赛后)称体重□ weigh into  colloq.  attack (physically or verbally) [口] (用身体或言辞)攻击□ weigh in with  colloq.  advance (an argument etc.) assertively or boldly [口]自信或大胆地提出(论点等)□ weigh out  (of a jockey) be weighed before a race (骑师)赛前称体重□ weigh up  colloq.  form an estimate of; consider carefully [口]对…做出估计；认真考虑□ weigh one's words   carefully choose the way one expresses something 斟词酌句；推敲□ weighable  adj.  □ weigher  n.  过磅员；台秤，衡器 [Old English wegan from Germanic: related to WAY]

weigh2 /wei/ n.   □ under weigh  Naut. disp. 【海】[异议]  = under way (see 见 UNDER)  [18th c.: from an erroneous association with weigh anchor]

weighbridge /ˈweibridʒ/ n.  a weighing machine for vehicles, usu. having a plate set into the road for vehicles to drive on to (称车辆等重量的)桥秤，地磅

weigh-in n.  the weighing of a boxer before a fight (拳击赛前对拳击手)称体重

weighing machine n.  a machine for weighing persons or large weights 称量机，衡器

weight /weit/ n. & v. ●n.  1 Physics  a  the force experienced by a body as a result of the earth's gravitation (cf. 参见 MASS n. 8) 【物理学】作用在物体上的重力b  any similar force with which a body tends to a centre of attraction 趋向吸引中心的力 2  the heaviness of a body regarded as a property of it; its relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it giving rise to a downward force 重量；体重；分量  is twice your weight  是你体重的两倍 kept in position by its weight  因其本身的重量而固定住 3  a  the quantitative expression of a body's weight 某物体重量的数量表达  has a weight of three pounds  有 3 磅重b  a scale of such weights 重量单位制；衡制  troy weight  金衡，金衡制 4  a body of a known weight for use in weighing 砝码；秤砣 5  a heavy body esp. used in a mechanism etc. 重体；重物(尤指用在机械等中的)  a clock worked by weights  靠钟锤走动的钟 6  a load or burden 压力；重担  a weight off my mind  如释重负 7  a  influence, importance 影响；重要性  carried weight with the public  对大众有影响b  preponderance 优势  the weight of evidence was against them  证据对他们不利 8  a  a heavy object thrown as an athletic exercise = SHOT1 7 投掷器械b (in pl. 用复数)  blocks or discs of metal etc. used in weightlifting or weight training (举重或身体训练使用的)杠铃片；哑铃等 9  the surface density of cloth etc. as a measure of its suitability (织物等衡量其适用度的)厚薄、轻重等 ●v. tr.  1  a  attach a weight to 加重量于b  hold down with a weight or weights 使负重而向下 2 (foll. by 后跟 with)  impede or burden 阻碍或使有负担 3 Statistics  multiply the components of (an average) by factors to take account of their importance 【统计学】使加权 4  assign a handicap weight to (a horse) 加重物于(马背上) 5  treat (a fabric) with a mineral etc. to make it seem stouter 用矿物质处理(织物)使之看上去更结实 □ put on weight   1  increase one's weight 增加体重 2  become fat or fatter 发胖□ throw one's weight about (or around)  colloq.  be unpleasantly self-assertive [口]逞威风；盛气凌人□ worth one's weight in gold  (of a person) exceedingly useful or helpful (指人)非常有用的；靠得住的 [Old English (ge)wiht from Germanic: the modern form influenced by WEIGH1]

weight gain n.  an increase in body weight 体重增加

weighting /ˈweitiŋ/ n. Brit.  an extra allowance paid in special cases, esp. to allow for a higher cost of living [英] (因特殊情况，尤指因生活费用较高而发放的)额外津贴  London weighting  伦敦津贴

weightless /ˈweitlis/ adj. (of a body, esp. in an orbiting spacecraft etc.) not apparently acted on by gravity 失重的 □ weightlessly  adv.  □ weightlessness  n.  

weightlifting /ˈweitliftiŋ/ n.  the sport of lifting a heavy weight, esp. a barbell 举重；(尤指)举杠铃 □ weightlifter  n.  

weight loss n.  a decrease in body weight 体重减少；减肥

weight training n.  physical training involving the use of weights (用杠铃、哑铃等器械进行的)身体训练

weight-watcher n.  a person who is habitually concerned about his or her weight or who tries to lose weight, esp. by dieting (经常注意不使自己发胖的)减肥者(尤指通过节食) □ weight-watching  n. & adj.  

weighty /ˈweiti/ adj. (weightier, weightiest)  1  weighing much; heavy 重的，沉重的；繁重的 2  momentous, important 重大的，重要的 3 (of utterances etc.) deserving consideration; careful and serious (意见、讲话等)值得考虑的；应认真严肃对待的 4  influential, authoritative 有影响的；有分量的；有权威的 □ weightily  adv.  □ weightiness  n.  

Weil's disease /vailz/ n. Med.  a severe, sometimes fatal, form of leptospirosis transmitted by rats via contaminated water 【医】外耳氏病(钩端螺旋体性黄疸) [named after H.A. Weil, German physician d. 1916]

Weimaraner /vaiməˈrɑ:nə, wai-/ n.  a usu. grey dog of a variety of pointer used as a gun dog 魏玛猎狗(通常为灰色，可找到猎获物所在处) [German, from Weimar in Germany, where it was developed]

weir /wiə/ n.  1  a dam built across a river to raise the level of water upstream or regulate its flow 堰，拦河坝 2  an enclosure of stakes etc. set in a stream as a trap for fish 鱼梁(河中拦截游鱼的木桩围堰等) [Old English wer from werian ‘dam up’]

weird /wiəd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  uncanny, supernatural 离奇的，神奇的；超自然的 2 colloq.  strange, queer, incomprehensible [口]奇怪的，奇特的；不可思议的 3 archaic  connected with fate [古义]命运的，宿命的 ●n. esp. Sc. archaic  fate, destiny [尤苏格兰古义]命运；厄运 □ weirdly  adv.  □ weirdness  n.   [(earlier as noun): Old English wyrd ‘destiny’, from Germanic]

weirdie /ˈwiədi/ n. (also 亦作 weirdy) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  = WEIRDO 

weirdo /ˈwiədəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) colloq.  an odd or eccentric person [口]怪人

weird sisters n. pl. (prec. by 前接 the)  1  the Fates (神话中的)命运三女神 2  witches 女巫

Weismannism /ˈvaisməniz(ə)m/ n.  the theory of heredity assuming continuity of germ plasm and non-transmission of acquired characteristics 魏斯曼(遗传)学说(认为种质可以世代相传，而后天习性不可遗传) [named after A. Weismann, German biologist d. 1914]

weka /ˈwekə/ n.  a large flightless New Zealand rail, Gallirallus australis 新西兰短翼秧鸡 [Maori: imitative of its cry]

Welch /welʃ/ var.  of WELSH  (now only in Royal Welch Fusiliers) WELSH 的变体(现只用于皇家威尔士燧发枪团这一名称中)

welch var.  of WELSH  WELSH 的变体

welcome /ˈwelkəm/ n., int., v. & adj. ●n.  the act or an instance of greeting or receiving (a person, idea, etc.) gladly; a kind or glad reception (对人、观点等的)欢迎或接受；热情接待  gave them a warm welcome  给他们以热烈欢迎 ●int.  expressing such a greeting 表示欢迎  welcome!  欢迎！ welcome home!  欢迎你们回来！ ●v. tr.  receive with a welcome 欢迎；愉快地迎接；款待  welcomed them home  欢迎他们回家 would welcome the opportunity  会很高兴有这机会 ●adj.  1  that one receives with pleasure 受欢迎的，令人愉快的  a welcome guest  受欢迎的客人 welcome news  好消息 2 (foll. by 后跟 to, or to + infin.)  a  cordially allowed or invited; released of obligation 被允许的；可随意的  you are welcome to use my car  我的汽车你随便用b iron.  gladly given (an unwelcome task, thing, etc.) [讽]高兴给予(讨厌的工作或东西等)  here's my work and you are welcome to it  这就是我的工作，我巴不得你来做呢 □ make welcome   receive hospitably 热情款待□ outstay one's welcome   stay too long as a visitor etc. (客人等)因呆得太久而不再受欢迎□ you are welcome   there is no need for thanks 不用谢，别客气□ welcomely  adv.  □ welcomeness  n.  □ welcomer  n.  □ welcomingly  adv.   [originally Old English wilcuma ‘a person whose coming is pleasing’, from wil- ‘desire, pleasure’ + cuma ‘comer’, with later change to wel- WELL1 influenced by Old French bien venu or Old Norse velkominn]

weld1 /weld/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  a  hammer or press (pieces of iron or other metal usu. heated but not melted) into one piece 煅接(将加热而未熔化的铁或其他金属压合在一起)b  join by fusion with an electric arc etc. (用电弧等熔化)焊接c  forge (an article) by welding (用焊接等方法)制作(某物) 2  fashion (arguments, members of a group, etc.) into an effectual or homogeneous whole 使(论点、成员等)紧密结合；使融为一体 ●n.  a welded joint 焊接点，焊接处 □ weldable  adj.  □ weldability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ welder  n.  焊工；焊接机 [alteration of WELL2 v. in obsolete sense ‘melt or weld (heated metal)’, probably influenced by past part.]

weld2 /weld/ n.  1  a plant, Reseda luteola, yielding a yellow dye 淡黄木犀草 2 hist.  this dye [史义] (淡黄木犀草制的)黄色染料 [Middle English probably from Old English: cf. Middle Dutch woude, Middle Low German walde]

welfare /ˈwelfɛə/ n.  1  well-being, happiness; health and prosperity (of a person or a community etc.) (个人、集体或社会等的)福利；幸福；健康和繁荣 2 (作 Welfare)  a  the maintenance of persons in such a condition esp. by statutory procedure or social effort (尤指通过法律程序或社会捐助而使个人生活得以保证的)福利事业b  financial support given for this purpose (政府)对福利事业的财政支持 [Middle English, from WELL1 + FARE]

welfare state n.  1  a system whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, esp. those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, etc. 福利制度(国家为保护其公民的健康和福利，尤其是给那些需要的人提供补助金、养老金等的制度) 2  a country practising this system 福利国家

welfare work n.  organized effort for the welfare of the poor, disabled, etc. (为穷人、伤残人等服务的)福利工作；福利事业

welfarism /ˈwelfɛəriz(ə)m/ n.  principles characteristic of a welfare state (福利国家的)福利制度；福利主义 □ welfarist  n.  

welkin /ˈwelkin/ n. poet.  the sky; the upper air [诗]苍穹；高空 [Old English wolcen ‘cloud, sky’]

we'll /wi:l, wil/ contr. [缩合]  we shall; we will 

well1 /wel/ adv., adj. & int. ●adv. (better, best)  1  in a satisfactory way 好；令人满意地  you have worked well  你工作得很好 2  in the right way 正确地；恰当地；合适地  well said  说得对 you did well to tell me  你(把某事)告诉我，这做得对 3  with some talent or distinction 有天赋；出色地  plays the piano well  钢琴弹得很出色 4  in a kind way 和蔼地，亲切地；友好地  treated me well  待我很好 5  thoroughly, extensively, soundly 彻底地；充分地；完全地  polish it well  (彻底)擦干净 team was well beaten  那个队被彻底打败了 6  with heartiness or approval; favourably 热心地；赞赏地；有利地  speak well of  称赞 the book was well reviewed  那本书得到好评 7  probably, reasonably, advisably 可能地；合理地；明智地  you may well be right  很可能你是对的 you may well ask  你理所当然地要问 we might well take the risk  我们有理由冒这个风险 8  to a considerable extent 到相当的程度  is well over forty  有 40 多岁了 9  successfully, fortunately 成功地；幸运地  it turned out well  结果很成功 10  luckily, opportunely 侥幸地；恰好地  well met!  幸会！ 11  with a fortunate outcome; without disaster 有幸地；顺利地  were well rid of them  有幸摆脱了他们 12  profitably 有益地  did well for themselves  对他们自己有好处 13  comfortably, abundantly, liberally 舒适地；富裕地；慷慨地  we live well here  我们在这儿生活得很舒适 the job pays well  这工作报酬不错 14 slang (as an intensifier 作强调成份)  very, extremely [俚语]很；非常  was kept well busy  一直很忙 ●adj. (better, best)  1 (usu. 通常作 predic.)  in good health 健康的  are you well?  你身体好吗？ was not a well person  那人身体不好 2 (作 predic.)  a  in a satisfactory state or position 令人满意的  all is well  一切都好b  advisable 可取的；明智的  it would be well to enquire  最好问问 ●int.  expressing surprise, resignation, insistence, etc., or used merely to introduce a remark, though sometimes also to express acceptance of or to qualify a situation or foregoing remark 嗯，咳，哟，好吧(用作表示惊讶、无可奈何或坚决主张等时的感叹词，或用以引入话题，有时也用于表示接受目前的形势、缓和气氛或继续前面的话题)  well I never!  哟！我从来没有！ well, I suppose so  嗯，我想是吧 well, who was it?  噢，是谁呀？ □ as well   1  in addition; to an equal extent 也，还，而且；同样地 2 (also 亦作 just as well)  with equal reason; with no loss of advantage or need for regret 正好；不妨；不必遗憾  may as well give up  不妨放弃 it would be just as well to stop now  不妨现在先停下来□ as well as   in addition to 加之，也；此外，除…之外(也)□ leave (or let) well alone   avoid needless change or disturbance 别多事；不要画蛇添足；适可而止□ well and good   expressing dispassionate acceptance of a decision etc. (表示冷静地接受某一决定等)好吧，那也好；(既如此)那也行□ well and truly   decisively, completely 决定性地；完全地□ well away   1  having made considerable progress 已颇有进展 2 Brit. colloq.  fast asleep or drunk [英口]睡熟的；喝醉的□ well worth   certainly worth 当然值得的  well worth a visit  的确值得一游 well worth visiting  很值得游览□ wellness  n.   [Old English wel, well probably from the same stem as WILL1]■Usage 用法说明 A hyphen is normally used in combinations of well- when used attributively, but not when used predicatively, e.g. a well-made coat but the coat is well made. well- 用在做定语的复合词中通常使用连字符，如 a well-made coat (一件做工很好的上衣)；而在做表语时一般不用，如 the coat is well made (那件上衣做得很好)。 

well2 /wel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a shaft sunk into the ground to obtain water, oil, etc. 井；水井；油井等 2  an enclosed space like a well-shaft, e.g. in the middle of a building for stairs or a lift, or for light or ventilation 楼梯或电梯井道；采光井；通风井 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a source, esp. a copious one 来源(尤指丰富的来源)；源泉  a well of information  消息来源 4  a  a mineral spring 矿泉b (in pl. 用复数)  a spa 矿泉疗养地 5  = INKWELL  6 archaic  a water-spring or fountain [古义]水源；喷泉 7 Brit.  a railed space for solicitors etc. in a law court [英] (法庭上四周有围栏的)律师席 8  a depression for gravy etc. in a dish or tray, or for a mat in the floor (菜盘等中盛肉汁的)凹槽；(地板上放垫子的)凹处 9 Physics  a region of minimum potential etc. 【物理学】电位阱等 ●v. intr. (foll. by 后跟 out, up)  spring as from a fountain; flow copiously (像喷泉般)喷出；涌出 [Old English wella (= Old High German wella ‘wave’, Old Norse vella ‘boiling heat’), wellan ‘boil, melt’, from Germanic]

well acquainted predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 with)  familiar 熟悉的；亲密的

well-adjusted adj. (well adjusted when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  mentally and emotionally stable (心理和感情上)稳定的 2  in a good state of adjustment 适应性很强的

well advised predic. adj. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to + infin.) (of a person) prudent (指人)谨慎的；审慎的  would be well advised to wait  还是等等为妙

well-appointed adj. (well appointed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having all the necessary equipment 设备完善的

well-attended adj. (well attended when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of a meeting etc.) attended by a large number of people (指会议等)有很多人参加的

well aware predic. adj. (often foll. by 常后跟 of)  certainly aware 充分意识到的  well aware of the danger  对危险性有清醒的认识

well-balanced adj. (well balanced when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  sane, sensible 头脑清楚的；有理智的 2  equally matched 平衡的；均匀的

well-behaved adj. (well behaved when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having good manners or conduct 有礼貌的；行为端正的

well-being n.  a state of being well, healthy, contented, etc. 康乐，安乐，安康

well-beloved adj. & n. ●adj. (well beloved when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  dearly loved 深受爱戴的 ●n. (pl. same 单复同)  a dearly loved person 深受爱戴的人

well-born adj. (well born when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  of noble or US wealthy family 贵族出身的；[美]出身于有钱人家的

well-bred adj. (well bred when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having or showing good breeding or manners 有教养的；有礼貌的

well-built adj. (well built when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  of good construction 建造精良的 2 (of a person) big and strong and well-proportioned 身强体壮的；体格健美的

well-chosen adj. (well chosen when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  carefully selected, esp. for effect (尤指为了效果而)精心选择的  a well-chosen remark  仔细斟酌过的话 the location was well chosen  地点是精心挑选的

well-conditioned adj.  in good physical or moral condition 身体好的；品行端正的

well-conducted adj. (well conducted when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of a meeting etc.) properly organized and controlled (指会议等)组织管理妥善的

well-connected adj.  associated, esp. by birth, with persons of good social position 与社会地位高的人有关系的(尤指血统)

well-constructed adj. (well constructed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a building, furniture, etc.) constructed in a sound or practical way (指建筑物、家具等)建造精良的；实用的 2 (of a text) with a clear or carefully-planned structure (指课文)结构清晰的

well covered adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) Brit. colloq.  plump, corpulent [英口] (指人)丰满的，肥胖的

well-cut adj. (well cut when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a garment) well-tailored (指衣服)剪裁讲究的，剪裁得体的 2 (esp. of hair) cut skilfully (尤指头发)剪得很有技术的

well deck n.  an open space on the main deck of a ship, lying at a lower level between the forecastle and poop (船的)凹甲板

well-defined adj. (well defined when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  clearly indicated or determined 指示(或规定)十分明确的

well-deserved adj. (well deserved when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  rightfully merited or earned 当之无愧的；罪有应得的

well-designed adj. (well designed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of furniture, living space, etc.) designed for practical use (指家具、生活空间等)设计实用的，巧妙安排的 2  of a good design 精心设计的  well-designed poster  精心设计的海报

well-developed adj. (well developed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  fully developed, fully grown 充分发展的；发育健全的 2  of generous size 十分大的

well disposed adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 ; often foll. by 常后跟 towards)  having a good disposition or friendly feeling (for) 怀好意的，友好的

well done adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1 (of meat etc.) thoroughly cooked (肉等)煮得透的，烧得烂的 2 (of a task etc.) performed well (also as 亦作 int.) (任务等)完成得好的

well-dressed adj.  fashionably smart 衣着入时的

well-earned adj. (well earned when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  fully deserved 完全应得的，理当有的

well-educated adj. (well educated when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  educated to a high level; with a wide knowledge 受过高等教育的；知识渊博的

well-endowed adj. (well endowed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  well provided with money, a resource, etc. 财力、资源等雄厚充足的 2 colloq. [口]  a (of a man) having large genitals (指男性)生殖器大的b (of a woman) large-breasted (指女性)乳房大的

well-equipped adj. (well equipped when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having a plentiful supply of equipment 装备供给充足的

well-established adj. (well established when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  well-authenticated; long-standing 得到确认的；地位稳固的；长期存在的

well-favoured adj. (US [美] well-favored)  good-looking (外貌)好看的，漂亮的

well-fed adj. (well fed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having or having had plenty to eat 吃得好的；营养充足的；丰满的

well fitted adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  fitted or fitted out well 合身的；装备好的 2  suitable, suited 适当的；合适的

well-fitting adj. (well fitting when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  that is a good fit 非常合身的

well-formed adj. (well formed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  correctly or attractively formed 形状好的，样子好的 2  conforming to the formation rules of a logical system 符合逻辑规范的

well-found adj.  = WELL-APPOINTED 

well-founded adj. (well founded when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of suspicions etc.) based on good evidence; having a foundation in fact or reason (指怀疑等)有充分证据的；有事实(或理由)根据的

well-groomed adj. (well groomed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of a person) with carefully tended hair, clothes, etc. (指人的发型、衣服等)经过精心修饰的

well-grounded adj. (well grounded when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  = WELL-FOUNDED  2  having a good training in or knowledge of the groundwork of a subject 基础扎实的，功底深厚的

well-head n.  a source 泉源；水源

well-heeled adj. colloq.  wealthy [口]富有的

well-hung adj. (well hung when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 colloq. (of a man) having large genitals [口] (指男性)生殖器大的 2 (of meat or game) hung up for a sufficient time (指肉或野味)晾挂了足够长时间的

wellie var.  of WELLY  WELLY 的变体

well-informed adj. (well informed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having much knowledge or information about a subject 见多识广的；消息灵通的；(在特定方面)博闻的

Wellington /ˈweliŋtən/ n.  惠灵顿 [新西兰首都]

wellington /ˈweliŋtən/ n. (in full 全称 wellington boot) Brit.  a waterproof rubber or plastic boot usu. reaching the knee [英]威灵顿(橡胶或塑料防水)长统靴(通常长及膝部) [named after the 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and statesman d. 1852]

well-intentioned adj. (well intentioned when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having or showing good intentions 出于好心的，善意的

well-judged adj. (well judged when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  opportunely, skilfully, or discreetly done 判断适宜的；有见地的；恰当的

well-kept adj. (well kept when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  kept in good order or condition 保管得井井有条或毫无破损的

well-knit adj. (esp. of a person) compact; not loose-jointed or sprawling 结合紧密的；结构严谨的；(尤指人)结实的

well-known adj. (well known when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  known to many 众所周知的 2  known thoroughly 完全了解的；熟知的

well-liked adj. (well liked when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (esp. of a person) liked; popular (尤指人)被喜欢的，受欢迎的

well-loved adj. (well loved when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  regarded with great affection or approval 受爱戴的

well-made adj. (well made when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  strongly or skilfully manufactured 做工考究的 2 (of a person or animal) having a good build (人或动物)身材匀称的

well-maintained adj. (well maintained when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  kept in good repair 精心维护整修的 2  kept up to date 即时更新的  well-maintained inventory  即时更新的产品目录

well-mannered adj. (well mannered when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  having good manners 有礼貌的

well-marked adj. (well marked when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  distinct; easy to detect 明显的；标记清楚的

well-matched adj. (well matched when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  fit to contend with each other, live together, etc., on equal terms 相匹敌的；匹配的；不相上下的

well-meaning adj. (also 亦作 well-meant) (well meaning, well meant when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  well-intentioned (but ineffective or unwise) 本意良好(但无效果或不明智)的

well-nigh adv. archaic or literary  almost [古义] [文学用语]几乎  well-nigh impossible  几乎不可能

well-off adj. (well off when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  having plenty of money 富有的 2  in a fortunate situation or circumstances 境遇好的

well-oiled adj. (well oiled when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) colloq. [口]  1  drunk 醉了的 2 (of an organization etc.) running smoothly (组织机构等)运行良好的

well-ordered adj. (well ordered when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  arranged in an orderly manner 井井有条的

well-organized adj. (also 亦作 -ised) (well organized when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  skilfully or carefully organized 巧妙或精心组织的 2 (of a person) orderly; able to organize personal activities 指人有条理的；能有条理地安排个人事情的

well-paid adj. (well paid when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a job) that pays well (指工作)薪水高的 2 (of a person) amply rewarded for a job (指人)得到优厚报酬的

well placed adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  set in a good place or position 放得位置适当的 2  holding a good social position 社会地位高的 3 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  easily able 方便的；轻易的  you are well placed to know  你能轻易地了解

well-planned adj. (well planned when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of living space etc.) of careful or practical design (指居住空间等)精心设计的；设计得实用的 2 (of an event, programme, etc.) planned in a carefully-structured way (指事件、项目等)精心构思计划的

well pleased predic. adj.  highly gratified or satisfied 十分满足的；非常满意的

well-prepared adj. (well prepared when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  prepared with care 认真准备的 2  having prepared thoroughly (for an interview etc.) (为采访等)一切准备就绪的；准备充分的

well-preserved adj. (well preserved when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of an elderly person) showing little sign of ageing (指上了年纪的人)不显老的，少相的，保养得好的

well-qualified adj. (well qualified when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  holding many or prestigious qualifications 资深的；有声望的 2 (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.)  able through acquired expertise (通过自己的努力学得知识而)胜任的

well-read adj. (well read when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  knowledgeable through much reading 博览群书的，博学的

well received adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  welcomed; favourably received 受欢迎的；受到很好接待的

well-rounded adj. (well rounded when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  complete and symmetrical 丰满匀称的 2 (of a phrase etc.) complete and well expressed (指语句等)完全的；表达力强的 3 (of a person) having or showing a fully developed personality, ability, etc. (指人)具有(或表现出)完满的人品、多方面能力的

well spent adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符) (esp. of money or time) used profitably (尤指钱或时间)花得适当的，花得有益的

well-spoken adj.  articulate or refined in speech 很会说话的，善于辞令的；谈吐文雅的；说得好的

wellspring /ˈwelspriŋ/ n.  = WELL-HEAD 

well-stocked adj. (well stocked when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符) (of a shop, garden, etc.) plentifully filled with goods, plants, etc. (指商店等)备货充足的；(花园)植物满园的

well-structured adj. (well structured when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (esp. of a text) having a clear structure (尤指课文)结构清楚的 2  well-organized 组织得好的

well-supported adj. (well supported when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  attended by many 有多人照顾的 2  supported by much evidence 有大量证据证实的

well-taken adj. (well taken when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a catch, goal, etc.) skilfully executed (指接球、进球等)巧妙的；技艺高超的 2 (of an argument etc.) accepted as valid (指论点等)无可非议的，公认有效的

well thought of adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  having a good reputation; esteemed, respected 名声好的；有声望的；受尊敬的

well thought out adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  carefully devised 深思熟虑的；精心设计的

well-thumbed adj. (well thumbed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  bearing marks of frequent handling 有经常翻阅痕迹的，被翻旧了的；(因常触摸而)留下记号的

well-timed adj. (well timed when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  opportune, timely 及时的；适时的

well-to-do adj.  prosperous 富有的，宽裕的

well-travelled adj. (US [美] well-traveled)  1  having travelled widely 经常旅行的；阅历多的 2 (of a path etc.) much frequented (指路径等)经常走的；交通量大的

well-tried adj. (well tried when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  often tested with good results 试验证明效果良好的

well-trodden adj.  much frequented (小径等)常被踩踏的，经常出入的

well-turned adj. (well turned when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a compliment, phrase, or verse) elegantly expressed (指赞誉、词语或诗)措辞高雅的 2 (of a leg, ankle, etc.) elegantly shaped or displayed (指腿、踝等)外形优美的；匀称的

well-upholstered adj. (well upholstered when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1 (of a chair etc.) padded, comfortable (指椅子等)有座垫的；舒适的 2 joc. (of a person) fat [诙] (指人)肥胖的

well-used adj.  1  much frequented 经常出入的 2  much handled or worn 经常触摸的；用旧的

well-wisher n.  a person who wishes one well 表示良好祝愿的人

well woman attrib. adj. Brit.  designating a clinic etc. providing health advice and check-ups for problems specific to women [英]妇女保健(院) (为妇女提供健康咨询和妇科检查)

well-worn adj. (well worn when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  1  damaged by use or wear 用坏的；穿旧的 2 (of a phrase, joke, etc.) trite, hackneyed; stale (指词语、笑话等)陈腐的；陈旧的

well-wrought adj. (well wrought when predic. 作谓语时去掉连字符)  skilfully constructed 建造精巧的；精心架构的

welly /ˈweli/ n. (also 亦作 wellie) (pl. -ies) colloq. [口]  = WELLINGTON  □ give it some welly   an expression of encouragement to use more effort, strength, etc. (表达鼓励)加油，加把劲 [abbreviation]

wels /wels, vels/ n.  a very large freshwater catfish, Silurus glanis, found from central Europe to central Asia 六须鲇(一种很大的淡水鱼，产于从中欧到中亚的广大地区) [German]

Welsh /welʃ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to Wales or its people or language 威尔士的；威尔士人的；威尔士语的 ●n.  1  the Celtic language of Wales 威尔士的凯尔特语 2 (prec. by 前接 the; treated as pl. 看作复数)  the people of Wales 威尔士人民 □ Welshness  n.   [Old English Welisc, Wœlisc, etc., via a Germanic word meaning ‘foreign’ from Latin Volcae, the name of a Celtic people]

welsh /welʃ/ v. intr. (also 亦作 welch /weltʃ/)  1 (of a loser of a bet, esp. a bookmaker) decamp without paying (赌输的人，尤指以赌赛马为生的人)赖账 2  evade an obligation 逃避责任 3 (foll. by 后跟 on)  a  fail to carry out a promise to (a person) 对(某人)食言b  fail to honour (an obligation) 不履行(义务) □ welsher  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

Welsh corgi  see 见 CORGI 

Welsh dresser n.  a type of dresser with open shelves above a cupboard (上部为搁板、下部为橱柜的)威尔士式餐具柜

Welsh harp n.  a harp with three rows of strings (三排弦的)威尔士竖琴

Welshman /ˈwelʃmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man who is Welsh by birth or descent 威尔士男子

Welsh onion n.  a species of onion, Allium fistulosum, forming clusters of bulbs 大葱，葱

Welsh rabbit n. (also Welsh rarebit by folk etymology 通俗变化亦作 welsh rarebit)  a dish of melted cheese etc. on toast (浇有化开的奶酪的)威尔士烤面包片

Welshwoman /ˈwelʃwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a woman who is Welsh by birth or descent 威尔士女子

welt /welt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a leather rim sewn round the edge of a shoe-upper for the sole to be attached to (鞋底与鞋帮间的)革条 2  = WEAL1  3  a ribbed or reinforced border of a garment; a trimming (衣服等的)滚条；嵌条 4  a heavy blow 痛打，猛击 ●v. tr.  1  provide with a welt 给…滚边(嵌条) 2  rain welts on; thrash 在…上打出鞭痕；鞭打；痛打 [Middle English welte, walt, of unknown origin]

Weltanschauung /ˈveltænˌʃaʊʊŋ/ n. (pl. Weltanschauungen /-ən/)  a particular philosophy or view of life; a conception of the world 人生观；世界观 [German, from Welt ‘world’ + Anschauung ‘perception’]

welter1 /ˈweltə/ v. & n. ●v. intr.  1  roll, wallow; be washed about 翻滚；打滚 2 (foll. by 后跟 in)  lie prostrate or be soaked or steeped in blood etc. 倒在血泊中；浸泡在…中 ●n.  1  a state of general confusion 一片混乱 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a disorderly mixture or contrast of beliefs, policies, etc. (信念、方针政策等的)混乱或前后矛盾 [Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German welteren]

welter2 /ˈweltə/ n.  1  a heavy rider or boxer 重量级骑手或拳击手 2 Brit. colloq.  a heavy blow [英口]重击 3 Brit. colloq.  a big person or thing [英口]大人物；大东西 [19th c.: origin unknown]

welterweight /ˈweltəweit/ n.  1  a weight in certain sports intermediate between lightweight and middleweight, in the amateur boxing scale 63.5 － 67 kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters (某些运动中的)次中量级(在业余拳击中为 63.5 至 67 公斤，但在专业拳击、摔跤和举重中重量级有所不同) 2  a sportsman of this weight 次中量级选手

Weltschmerz /ˈveltʃmɛəts, 德 ˈvɛltʃmɛrts/ n.  a feeling of pessimism; an apathetic or vaguely yearning outlook on life 悲观；厌世 [German, from Welt ‘world’ + Schmerz ‘pain’]

Wemba-wemba /ˈwembəˌwembə/ n.  an Aboriginal language of SE Australia, now extinct 澳大利亚东南部一土著语言，现已灭绝

wen1 /wen/ n.  1  a benign tumour on the skin esp. of the scalp 表皮(尤指头皮)囊肿，粉瘤 2  an outstandingly large or congested city 极大的或拥挤不堪的城市 [Old English wen, wenn, of unknown origin: cf. Dutch wen, Middle Low German wene, Low German wehne ‘tumour, wart’]

wen2 /wen/ n. (also 亦作 wyn /win/)  a runic letter in Old and Middle English, later replaced by w 古英语和中古英语中字母的名称，后为 w 所替代 [Old English, variant of wyn ‘joy’ (see WINSOME), used because it begins with this letter: cf. THORN 3]

wench /wen(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1 joc.  a girl or young woman [诙]姑娘；少妇 2 archaic  a prostitute [古义]荡妇；妓女 ●v. intr. archaic (of a man) consort with prostitutes [古义] (指男人)嫖妓 □ wencher  n.   [Middle English wenche, wenchel from Old English wencel ‘child’: cf. Old English wancol ‘weak, tottering’]

Wend /wend/ n.  a member of a Slavic people of N. Germany, now inhabiting E. Saxony 文德人(指原在德国北部的斯拉夫人，现居住在德国东萨克森) □ Wendic  adj.  □ Wendish  adj.   [German Wende from Old High German Winida, of unknown origin]

wend /wend/ v. tr. & intr. literary or archaic  go [文学用语] [古义]走；去 □ wend one's way   make one's way 走，前进 [Old English wendan ‘to turn’ from Germanic: related to WIND2]

Wendy /ˈwendi/   温迪 [人名]

Wendy house /ˈwendi/ n. Brit.  a children's small houselike tent or structure for playing in [英]温迪屋(供孩子在里面玩耍的游戏室) [after the house built around Wendy in Barrie's play Peter Pan]

Wensleydale /ˈwenzlideil/ n.  1  a variety of white or blue cheese (一种蓝白色相间的)文斯利代尔奶酪 2  a  a sheep of a breed with long wool 文斯利代尔长毛羊b  this breed 文斯利代尔长毛羊品种 [Wensleydale in Yorkshire]

went past  of GO1  

wentletrap /ˈwent(ə)ltræp/ n.  any marine snail of the genus Clathrus, with a spiral shell of many whorls 梯螺(梯螺属海生蜗牛，有螺旋形外壳) [Dutch wenteltrap ‘winding stair, spiral shell’]

wept past  of WEEP  

we're /wiə/ contr. [缩合]  we are 

were 2nd sing. past, pl. past, and past subjunctive  of BE 

weren't /wɜ:nt/ contr. [缩合]  were not 

werewolf /ˈwɛəwʊlf, ˈwiə-, ˈwɜ:-/ n. (also 亦作 werwolf /ˈwɜ:-/) (pl. -wolves)  a mythical being who at times changes from a person to a wolf (神话中)变成狼的人，狼人 [Old English werewulf: first element perhaps from Old English wer ‘man’ = Latin vir]

wert /wɜ:t/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. past  of BE 

Wesleyan /ˈwezliən, ˈwes-/ adj. & n. ●adj.  of or relating to a Protestant denomination founded by the English evangelist John Wesley (d. 1791) (cf. 参见 METHODIST) (由英福音传教士约翰·卫斯理创始的基督教新教)卫斯理宗的 ●n.  a member of this denomination 卫斯理宗教徒 □ Wesleyanism  n.  

west /west/ n., adj. & adv. ●n.  1  a  the point of the horizon where the sun sets at the equinoxes (cardinal point 90° to the left of north) 西；西方b  the compass point corresponding to this 罗盘向西的指向c  the direction in which this lies 向西的方向 2 (usu. 通常作 the West)  a  European in contrast to oriental civilization 西方(指欧州，与东方文明相对照)b hist.  the non-Communist states of Europe and N. America [史义]欧洲和北美非共产党执政的国家；欧美国家c  non-Communist states or regions in general 泛指非共产党执政的国家或地区d  the western part of the late Roman Empire 西罗马帝国e  the western part of a country, town, etc. (国家、市镇等的)西部 3 Bridge  a player occupying the position designated ‘west’ 【桥牌】打桥牌时位置在西首的打牌人 ●adj.  1  towards, at, near, or facing west 向西的；在西的；靠近西的；朝西的 2  coming from the west 来自西的  west wind  西风 ●adv.  1  towards, at, or near the west 向西方；在西方；靠近西方 2 (foll. by 后跟 of)  further west than 在…西面 □ go west  Brit. slang  be killed or destroyed etc. [英] [俚语]上西天(指被杀或被消灭) [Old English from Germanic]

West Bank n.  a region west of the River Jordan assigned to Jordan in 1948 and occupied by Israel since 1967 西岸 (1948 年划归约旦的约旦河西岸地区，自 1967 年被以色列占领)

westbound /ˈwes(t)baʊnd/ adj.  travelling or leading westwards 西行的

West Country n.  the south-western counties of England 英格兰西南部诸郡

West End n.  the entertainment and shopping area of London to the west of the City 伦敦西区(伦敦娱乐和购物中心)

westering /ˈwest(ə)riŋ/ adj. (of the sun) nearing the west (指太阳)西沉的 [from Middle English wester (v.), from WEST]

westerly /ˈwestəli/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  1  in a western position or direction 在西方(的)；向西(的) 2 (of a wind) blowing from the west (指风)来自西方(的) ●n. (pl. -ies)  a wind blowing from the west 西风 [wester (adj.) from Old English westra, from WEST]

western /ˈwest(ə)n/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  of or in the west; inhabiting the west 西方的，在西方的；居住在西方的 2  lying or directed towards the west 位于西方的；朝西的 3 (作 Western)  of or relating to the West (see 见 WEST n. 2) 西方(国家)的，欧美国家的；西部的 ●n.  a film, television drama, or novel about cowboys in western North America (描写北美洲西部牛仔生活的)西部影片、电视剧或小说等 □ westernmost  adj.   [Old English westerne (as WEST, -ERN)]

Western Church n.  the part of Christendom that has continued to derive its authority, doctrine, and ritual from the popes in Rome 西派教会(指坚持其权威、教义及仪式源于罗马教皇的基督教西派)

westerner /ˈwest(ə)nə/ n.  a native or inhabitant of the west 西方人；居住在西部的人；西方国家的人；欧美人

western hemisphere n.  the half of the earth containing the Americas (包括美洲的)西半球

westernize /ˈwestənaiz/ v. tr. (also 亦作 Westernize, -ise)  influence with or convert to the ideas and customs etc. of the West (使)西方化(指受西方思想和习惯等影响或转而接受之) □ westernization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  □ westernizer  n.  

Western roll n.  a technique of turning the body over the bar in a high jump 滚式跳高

Western Samoa /ˈwestən səˈməuə/ n.  西萨摩亚 [南太平洋岛国]

West Germanic n. & adj. ●n.  the western group of Germanic languages, comprising High and Low German, English, Frisian, and Dutch 西日尔曼语支(包括高地德语、低地德语、英语、弗里斯兰语和荷兰语) ●adj.  of or relating to West Germanic 西日尔曼语的

West Indian n.  1  a native or national of any island of the West Indies 西印度群岛的土著人或民族 2  a person of West Indian descent 西印度群岛人

West Indian satinwood  see 见 SATINWOOD 1b 

West Indies n. pl.  the islands of Central America, including Cuba and the Bahamas 西印度群岛(位于南、北美洲之间，包括古巴和巴哈马群岛)

westing /ˈwestiŋ/ n. Naut.  the distance travelled or the angle of longitude measured westward from either a defined north-south grid line or a meridian 【海】西行航程；西距

Westminster /ˈwes(t)minstə/ n.  the Parliament at Westminster in London 威斯敏斯特(指设在伦敦威斯敏斯特的英国议院)

west-north-west n.  the direction or compass point midway between west and north-west 西西北(西和西北中间的方向或罗盘指向)

West Side n. US  the western part of Manhattan [美] (纽约)曼哈顿区的西部

west-south-west n.  the direction or compass point midway between west and south-west 西西南(西和西南中间的方向或罗盘指向)

westward /ˈwestwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv. (also 亦作 westwards)  towards the west 向西的 ●n.  a westward direction or region 朝西的方向或地区

wet /wet/ adj., v. & n. ●adj. (wetter, wettest)  1  soaked, covered, or dampened with water or other liquid (用水或其他液体)浸湿的；浸泡的；潮湿的  a wet sponge  湿海绵 a wet surface  潮湿的表面 got my feet wet  我的脚弄湿了 2 (of the weather etc.) rainy (指天气等)多雨的；下雨的  a wet day  下雨天 3 (of paint, ink, etc.) not yet dried (油漆、墨迹等)尚未干的 4  used with water 用水的；用水加工(或处理)的；湿性的  wet shampoo  洗发剂 5 Brit. colloq.  feeble, inept [英口]软弱的；无能的 6 Brit. Polit. colloq.  Conservative with liberal tendencies, esp. as regarded by right-wing Conservatives [英口]【政】有自由主义倾向的保守派的(尤指在右翼保守党人看来) 7 slang (of a country, of legislation, etc.) allowing the free sale of alcoholic drink [俚语] (指国家、法令等)允许卖酒的 8 (of a baby or young child) incontinent (婴儿或儿童)尿床的  is still wet at night  夜间还尿床 ●v. tr. (wetting; past and past part. wet or wetted)  1  make wet 把…弄湿 2  a  urinate in or on 尿湿；撒尿于  wet the bed  把床尿湿了b refl.  urinate involuntarily (不知不觉地)尿，遗尿 ●n.  1  moisture; liquid that wets something 潮湿；弄湿东西的液体 2  rainy weather; a time of rain 雨天；下雨的时候 3 Brit. colloq.  a feeble or inept person [英口]笨蛋；窝囊废 4 Brit. Polit. colloq.  a Conservative with liberal tendencies (see sense 6 of adj. 见形容词释义 6) [英口]【政】(有自由主义倾向的)保守党人 5 Brit. colloq.  a drink [英口]饮料；酒 □ wet the baby's head  Brit. colloq.  celebrate its birth with a (usu. alcoholic) drink [英口]喝点什么(通常为酒)来庆祝其出生□ wet behind the ears   immature, inexperienced 不成熟的；没有经验的□ wet through (or to the skin)   with one's clothes soaked 衣服湿透了的□ wet one's whistle  colloq.  drink [口]喝饮料或酒□ wetly  adv.  □ wetness  n.  □ wettable  adj.  □ wetting  n.  □ wettish  adj.   [Old English wœˉt (adj. & n.), wœˉtan (v.), related to WATER]

weta /ˈwetə/ n.  a large wingless insect of New Zealand, of the family Stenopelmatidae, resembling a grasshopper with long spiny legs and wood-boring grubs 沙螽(新西兰产长须无翅大蝗) [Maori]

wetback /ˈwetbæk/ n. US colloq.  an illegal immigrant from Mexico to the US [美口]湿背人(指非法由墨西哥进入美国的人或劳工) [WET + BACK, from the practice of swimming the Rio Grande to reach the US]

wet blanket n. colloq.  a gloomy person preventing the enjoyment of others [口]扫兴的人

wet dock n.  a dock in which a ship can float 湿船坞，有闸港池

wet dream n.  an erotic dream with involuntary ejaculation of semen 梦遗，梦中遗精

wet fly n.  an artificial fly used under water by an angler (垂钓者作钓饵用的)沉入水中的假蝇

wether /ˈweðə/ n.  a castrated ram 阉羊，去势公羊 [Old English from Germanic]

wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a swamp, marsh, or other usually saturated area of land 沼泽地，湿地

wet look n. & adj. ●n.  1  a shiny surface given esp. to clothing materials (尤指布料等的)光亮面 2  a shiny or wet appearance achieved by applying a type of gel to the hair (喷发胶后头发显出的)光泽，湿润 ●attrib. adj. (作 wet-look)  having or giving a shiny or wet appearance 有光泽的；湿润的

wet-nurse n. & v. ●n.  a woman employed to suckle another's child 奶妈，乳母 ●v. tr.  1  act as a wet-nurse to 为…当乳母 2 colloq.  treat as if helpless [口]悉心照料

wet pack n.  the therapeutic wrapping of the body in wet cloths etc. 湿裹(治疗)法

wet rot n.  1  a brown rot affecting moist timber (木材的)湿腐病 2  the fungus causing this, often Coniophora puteana 致湿腐病的真菌

wetsuit /ˈwetsu:t, -sju:t/ n.  a close-fitting rubber garment worn for warmth in water sports, diving, etc. 湿式潜水服(一种用橡胶、海绵制成的紧身保暖潜水衣)

wetting agent n.  a substance that helps water etc. to spread or penetrate 润湿剂

wet-weather attrib. adj.  1  for use in wet weather 雨天用的 2  occurring in wet weather 雨天发生的

we've /wi:v, wiv/ contr. [缩合]  we have 

wey /wei/ n.  a former unit of weight or volume varying with different kinds of goods, e.g. 3 cwt. of cheese 韦(旧时英国重量或容量单位，因物而异，如 3 韦奶酪) [Old English wœˉg(e) ‘balance, weight’, from Germanic: related to WEIGH1]

w.f. abbr. Printing  wrong fount [缩略]【印刷】异体铅字

WFTU abbr.  World Federation of Trade Unions [缩略]世界工会联合会

Wg. Cdr. abbr. [缩略]  Wing Commander 

whack /wæk/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr.  1  strike or beat forcefully with a sharp blow 用力抽打 2 (as 作 whacked adj.) esp. Brit.  tired out; exhausted [尤英]累垮了的；筋疲力尽的 ●n.  1  a sharp or resounding blow 重击(声) 2 slang  a turn; an attempt [俚语]机会；尝试 3 Brit. slang  a share or portion [英] [俚语]份儿，一份 □ have a whack at  slang  attempt [俚语]试试□ out of whack  esp. N. Amer. & Austral. slang  out of order; malfunctioning [尤北美澳] [俚语]不正常；有故障□ top (or full or the full) whack   the maximum price or rate 最高的价格或比率□ whacker  n.  □ whacking  n.   [imitative, or alteration of THWACK]

whacking /ˈwækiŋ/ adj. & adv. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●adj.  very large 极大的，巨大的 ●adv.  very 非常，极其  a whacking great skyscraper  宏伟的摩天大楼

whacko /wækˈəʊ/ int. Brit. slang  expressing delight or enjoyment [英] [俚语]妙！呱呱叫！ 

whacky var.  of WACKY  WACKY 的变体

whale1 /weil/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or whales)  any of the larger marine mammals of the order Cetacea, having a streamlined body and horizontal tail, and breathing air through a blowhole on the head 鲸(海洋中的大型哺乳动物，身体呈流线型，水平尾，靠头上的喷水孔呼吸)  baleen whale  长须鲸 toothed whale  齿鲸 □ a whale of a  colloq.  an exceedingly good or fine etc. [口]极好的；了不起的 [Old English hwœl]

whale2 /weil/ v. tr. esp. US colloq.  beat, thrash [尤美口]殴打；猛击 [variant of WALE]

whaleback /ˈweilbæk/ n.  a thing shaped like a whale's back, esp. an arched structure over the bow or stern part of the deck of a steamer, or a large elongated hill 鲸背状物(尤指鲸背甲板船状，或绵延的山)

whaleboat /ˈweilbəʊt/ n. hist.  a long narrow double-bowed boat of a kind used in whaling [史义]捕鲸船，捕鲸艇

whalebone /ˈweilbəʊn/ n.  an elastic horny substance growing in thin parallel plates in the upper jaw of some whales, used as stiffening etc. 鲸须

whalebone whale n.  a baleen whale 须鲸

whale-headed stork n.  a grey African stork, Balaeniceps rex, with a large bill shaped like a clog Also called 亦称作 shoebill 鲸头鹳

whale oil n.  oil from the blubber of whales 鲸油

whaler /ˈweilə/ n.  1  a whaling ship or a seaman engaged in whaling 捕鲸船；捕鲸人 2 (also 亦作 whaler shark)  a large shark, Carcharinus brachyurus, of Australian waters 短尾真鲨(一种大型鲨鱼，产于澳洲水域) 3 Austral. slang  a tramp [澳] [俚语]流浪汉

whale shark n.  a large tropical whale-like shark, Rhincodon typus, feeding close to the surface 鲸鲨(一种像鲸的大型热带鲨鱼)

whaling /ˈweiliŋ/ n.  the practice or industry of hunting and killing whales, esp. for their oil or whalebone 捕鲸(业) (尤指为获得鲸油或鲸须)

whaling-master n.  the captain of a whaler 捕鲸船船长

wham /wæm/ int., n. & v. colloq. [口] ●int.  expressing the sound of a forcible impact 砰，嘭(表示重击声) ●n.  such a sound 重击声 ●v. (whammed, whamming)  1 intr.  make such a sound or impact 砰砰地重击；猛打 2 tr.  strike forcibly 重击；用力打 [imitative]

whammy /ˈwæmi/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US colloq. [尤美口]  1  an evil or unlucky influence 晦气 2 (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 double whammy)  a powerful or unpleasant effect or a problematic situation 剧烈的打击；极难处理的局面 [20th c.: from WHAM + -Y1]

whang /wæŋ/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v.  1 tr.  strike heavily and loudly; whack 重打；鞭打 2 intr. (of a drum etc.) sound under or as under a blow (鼓等)咚咚作响 ●n.  a whanging sound or blow 击打声；重击 [imitative]

whangee /wæŋˈɡi:/ n.  1  a Chinese or Japanese bamboo of the genus Phyllostachys 紫竹；苦竹(一种中国或日本产的竹子) 2  a cane made from this 黄黎手杖 [Chinese huang ‘old bamboo sprouts’]

whap esp. US var.  of WHOP [尤美] WHOP 的变体

whare /ˈwɒri/ n.  a Maori hut or house (毛利人的)棚屋或房屋 [Maori]

wharf /wɔ:f/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. wharves /wɔ:vz/ or wharfs)  a level quayside area to which a ship may be moored to load and unload 码头 ●v. tr.  1  moor (a ship) at a wharf 使(船)靠码头 2  store (goods) on a wharf 把(货)存在码头 [Old English hwearf]

wharfage /ˈwɔ:fidʒ/ n.  1  accommodation at a wharf 码头设施 2  a fee for this 码头费

wharfie /ˈwɔ:fi/ n. Austral. & NZ colloq.  a waterside worker; a wharf-labourer [澳新口]码头工人；(码头)装卸工人

wharfinger /ˈwɔ:fin(d)ʒə/ n.  an owner or keeper of a wharf 码头老板；码头管理员 [probably ultimately from WHARFAGE]

wharves pl.  of WHARF  

what /wɒt/ pron., det. & adv. ●pron.  1 interrog. & rel. pron.  asking for a statement representing a choice from a number of possibilities Cf. 参见 WHICH (要求从几种可能性中说明是)什么  what have you been reading?  你一直在读什么？ what is your name?  你叫什么名字？ tell me what you think  告诉我你的想法 she asked what his name was  她问他叫什么名字 2 rel. pron.  that which, anything that …的事物  will do what I can  做我能做的事 3  asking for a remark to be repeated (请求重复所说的)什么  what did you say?  你说什么？ 4  asking for confirmation or agreement of something not completely understood (请求确认或认同不完全明白的事物)什么  you did what?  你做了什么？ what, you really mean it?  什么？你真是这个意思？ 5  how much 多少  what you must have suffered!  你一定吃了不少苦头！ ●det.  1 interrog. & rel. det.  corresponding to the functions of senses 1 and 2 of the pronoun 与代词释义 1 和 2 作用一致  what books have you read?  你读过什么书？ what thoughts have you?  你有什么想法？ she asked what books he had been reading  她问他一直在读什么书 she asked what thoughts he had  她问他有什么想法 2 interrog. & rel. det.  asking for a statement about the class, kind, or nature of something (询问某事物的种类、性质等)什么  what sort of fish is it?  这是什么鱼？ she asked what sort of fish it was  她问这是什么鱼 3 (in exclamations) how great or remarkable (用于感叹句中)多么(伟大；) 何等(了不起)  what luck!  多么幸运！ 4 rel. det.  as much...as; any ...that 和…一样多；就像…一样  will give you what help I can  给予你我力所能及的帮助 ●interrog. adv.  to what extent 到何种程度  what does it matter?  这有什么关系？ □ what about   what is the news or position or your opinion of (询问消息或征求意见时用)…怎么样  what about me?  我怎么样？ what about a game of tennis?  打场网球怎么样？□ what-d'you-call-it (or what's-its name)   a substitute for a name not recalled (用以代替想不起来的名字)某某□ what ever   what at all or in any way (see also 另见 WHATEVER) 究竟什么，到底是什么  what ever do you mean?  你究竟是什么意思？□ what for  colloq. [口]  1  for what reason? 为什么？因为什么原因？ 2  a severe reprimand (esp. 尤用于 give a person what for) (严厉的)惩罚；责备□ what have you  (prec. by 前接 or) colloq.  anything else similar [口]等等，…之类的东西□ what if?   1  what would result etc. if 如果…会什么样 2  what would it matter if 即使…又有什么关系□ what is more   and as an additional point; moreover 而且；此外□ what next?  colloq.  what more absurd, shocking, or surprising thing is possible? [口] (用以表示吃惊)还会有何等(荒唐、骇人听闻、令人吃惊的)事□ what not  (prec. by 前接 and)  other similar things 其他类似的东西□ what of?   what is the news concerning? 情况怎样？怎么回事？□ what of it?   why should that be considered significant? 那又怎样呢？那又有什么关系？□ what's-his (or -its) -name   = what-d'you-call-it □ what's what  colloq.  what is useful or important etc. [口]事情的真相；有用与无用的东西；哪个是哪个□ what with  colloq.  because of (usu. several things) [口]因为(通常有几件事) [Old English hwœt, from Germanic]

whate'er /wɒtˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHATEVER [诗] WHATEVER 的变体

whatever /wɒtˈevə/ det. & pron.  1  = WHAT(in relative uses) with the emphasis on indefiniteness (用以强调不确定的)任何的(事物)；无论什么  lend me whatever you can  你能借给我什么就借给我什么 whatever money you have  你所有的钱 2  though anything 无论什么；不管怎样  we are safe whatever happens  不管发生什么(事)我们都是安全的 3 (with neg. or interrog. 与否定词或疑问词连用)  at all; of any kind 任何的；丝毫的  there is no doubt whatever  毫无疑问 4 colloq. [口]  = what ever  □ or whatever  colloq.  or anything similar [口]或任何类似的事(物)■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EVER. 见 EVER 的用法说明。 

whatnot /ˈwɒtnɒt/ n.  1  an indefinite or trivial thing 不可名状的东西；小玩意儿 2  a stand with shelves for small objects (摆放小物件的)陈列架

whatso /ˈwɒtsəʊ/ det. & pron. archaic [古义]  = WHATEVER 1, 2  [Middle English, = WHAT + SO1, from Old English swɑˉ hwœt swɑˉ]

whatsoe'er /wɒtsəʊˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHATSOEVER [诗] WHATSOEVER 的变体

whatsoever /wɒtsəʊˈevə/ det. & pron.  = WHATEVER 1, 2, 3 

whaup /(h)wɔ:p/ n. esp. Sc.  a curlew [尤苏格兰]鹬 [imitative of its cry]

wheat /wi:t/ n.  1  any cereal plant of the genus Triticum, bearing dense four-sided seed-spikes 小麦 2  its grain, used in making flour etc. 小麦的子实(用以制面粉等) □ separate the wheat from the chaff   see 见 CHAFF  [Old English hwœte from Germanic: related to WHITE]

wheat belt n.  a region where wheat is the chief agricultural product 小麦产区

wheatear /ˈwi:tiə/ n.  any small migratory bird of the genus Oenanthe, esp. with a white belly and rump 麦翁(一种体小的候鸟，尤指腹部和尾部为白色的) [apparently from wheatears (as WHITE, ARSE)]

wheaten /ˈwi:t(ə)n/ adj.  made of wheat 小麦制成的；(全麦)面粉做的

wheatgerm /ˈwi:tdʒɜ:m/ n.  the embryo of the wheat grain, extracted as a source of vitamins 小麦胚芽(可提取出多种维生素)

wheatgrass /ˈwi:tɡrɑ:s/ n.  = couch grass (see 见 COUCH2) 

wheatmeal /ˈwi:tmi:l/ n.  flour made from wheat with some of the bran and germ removed 小麦粉

Wheatstone bridge /ˈwi:tst(ə)n/ n.  an apparatus for measuring electrical resistances by equalizing the potential at two points of a circuit 惠斯通电桥，单臂电桥 [named after C. Wheatstone, English physicist d. 1875]

whee /wi:/ int.  expressing delight, excitement, or exhilaration (表示高兴、激动、兴奋等)啊！哟！ [a natural exclamation]

wheedle /ˈwi:d(ə)l/ v. tr.  1  coax by flattery or endearments (通过奉承或亲近)哄骗 2 (foll. by 后跟 out)  a  get (a thing) out of a person by wheedling 用哄骗手段从某人那里获取(某物)b  cheat (a person) out of a thing by wheedling 在某事上哄骗(某人) □ wheedler  n.  □ wheedling  adj.  □ wheedlingly  adv.   [perhaps from German wedeln ‘fawn, cringe’ from Wedel ‘tail’]

wheel /wi:l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a circular frame or disc arranged to revolve on an axle and used to facilitate the motion of a vehicle or for various mechanical purposes 轮子；车轮；机轮 2  a wheel-like thing 轮状物  Catherine wheel  凯瑟琳轮 potter's wheel  陶钧 steering wheel  方向盘 3  motion as of a wheel, esp. the movement of a line of people with one end as a pivot 旋转运动(尤指排成一横排的人以一端为轴心的转动) 4  a machine etc. of which a wheel is an essential part (以轮子为主要部件的)机器等 5 (in pl. 用复数) slang  a car [俚语]汽车 6  = STEERING WHEEL  7 US slang [美] [俚语]  = BIG WHEEL 2  8  a set of short lines concluding a stanza 叠句，副歌 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  a  turn on an axis or pivot (绕轴或轴心)转动，滚动b  swing round in line with one end as a pivot (以一端为中心)旋转 2  a intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 about, round, US [美] around)  change direction or face another way 转弯；转身b tr.  cause to do this 使转弯；使转变方向 3 tr.  push or pull (a wheeled thing esp. a barrow, bicycle, or pram, or its load or occupant) 推或拉(有轮子的东西，尤指手推车、自行车、婴儿车或其载的物或人) 4 intr.  go in circles or curves 转圈；盘旋  seagulls wheeling overhead  在空中盘旋的海鸥 □ at the wheel   1  driving a vehicle 驾驶，开车 2  directing a ship 掌舵 3  in control of affairs 控制，掌管□ on wheels (or oiled wheels)  Brit.  smoothly [英]顺利地□ wheel and deal   engage in political or commercial scheming (在政界或生意场上)搞阴谋诡计□ wheels within wheels  Brit. [英]  1  intricate machinery 结构复杂的机器或机构 2 colloq.  indirect or secret agencies [口]间接或秘密的作用或动力□ wheeled  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ wheelless  adj.   [Old English hwēol, hwēogol, from Germanic]

wheel-back attrib. adj. (of a chair) with a back shaped like or containing the design of a wheel (指椅子)靠背像轮子或有轮子图案的

wheelbarrow /ˈwi:lbærəʊ/ n.  a small cart with one wheel and two shafts for carrying garden loads etc. 独轮手推车

wheelbase /ˈwi:lbeis/ n.  the distance between the front and rear axles of a vehicle (指汽车等)前后轮轴之间的距离，轴距

wheelchair /ˈwi:ltʃɛə/ n.  a chair on wheels for an invalid or disabled person (病人或残疾人用的)轮椅

wheel clamp n. & v. ●n.  = CLAMP1n. 2  ●v. tr. (作 wheel-clamp)  = CLAMP1v. 3 

wheeler /ˈwi:lə/ n.  1 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a vehicle having a specified number of wheels 有一定数量轮子的车 2  a wheelwright 车轮制造工，车轮匠 3  a horse harnessed next to the wheels and behind another (马车的)辕马(套在轮子之前和另一匹马之后)

wheeler-dealer n.  a person who wheels and deals (see 见 WHEEL) (在政治或生意场中)耍手腕的人 □ wheeler-dealing  n.  

wheelhouse /ˈwi:lhaʊs/ n.  a steersman's shelter (船上的)驾驶室

wheelie /ˈwi:li/ n. Brit. slang  the stunt of riding a bicycle or motorcycle for a short distance with the front wheel off the ground [英] [俚语] (骑自行车或摩托车等时将前轮举起只用后轮的)后轮平衡特技

wheelie bin n. (also 亦作 wheely bin) Brit. colloq.  a large refuse bin on wheels [英口] (带轮的)大垃圾箱，轮式垃圾箱■Usage 用法说明 The official name for wheelie bin is wheeled bin. 轮式垃圾箱 wheelie bin 的正式名称是 wheeled bin 。 

wheel lock n.  1 hist.  a kind of gunlock having a steel wheel to rub against flint etc. [史义]燧发机，转轮点火机(一种由钢轮和燧石等相击而发火的旧式火器) 2  a gun with this 用转轮点火机的枪，燧发枪

wheelman /ˈwi:lmən/ n. (pl. -men) esp. US [尤美]  1  a driver of a wheeled vehicle, esp. slang a getaway car 汽车驾驶员；[尤俚语]逃逸车司机 2  a helmsman 舵手

wheel of Fortune n.  the wheel which the deity Fortune is fabled to turn, as an emblem of luck and mutability (描述人生沉浮的)命运转盘；人生的变迁

wheelsman /ˈwi:lzmən/ n. (pl. -men) US  a steersman [美]舵手

wheelspin /ˈwi:lspin/ n.  rotation of a vehicle's wheels without traction (车轮的)打滑，空转

wheel well n.  the recess into which a wheel of a vehicle fits 轮舱

wheelwright /ˈwi:lrait/ n.  a person who makes or repairs esp. wooden wheels 车轮(尤指木轮)修造工

wheely bin var.  of WHEELIE BIN  WHEELIE BIN 的变体

wheeze /wi:z/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  breathe with an audible chesty whistling sound 喘息；有声响的呼吸 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  utter in this way 气喘吁吁地说 ●n.  1  a sound of wheezing 喘息声 2 colloq. [口]  a Brit.  a clever scheme [英]巧妙主意；计谋b  a catchphrase 谚语；名言 □ wheezer  n.  □ wheezingly  adv.  □ wheezy  adj.  □ wheezily  adv.  □ wheeziness  n.   [probably from Old Norse hvœsa ‘to hiss’]

whelk1 /welk/ n.  any predatory marine gastropod mollusc of the family Buccinidae, esp. the edible kind of the genus Baccinum, having a spiral shell 海螺；蛾螺 [Old English wioloc, weoloc, of unknown origin: perhaps influenced by WHELK2]

whelk2 /welk/ n.  a pimple 丘疹；小脓疱 [Old English hwylca from hwelian ‘suppurate’]

whelm /welm/ v. tr. poet. [诗]  1  engulf, submerge 使覆没；淹没 2  crush with weight, overwhelm 压倒，压垮 [Old English hwelman (unrecorded) = hwylfan ‘overturn’]

whelp /welp/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a young dog; a puppy 小狗 2 archaic  a cub [古义]幼兽 3  an ill-mannered child or youth 不懂礼貌的孩子或青年人 4 (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  a projection on the barrel of a capstan or windlass (绞盘等的)筒筋 ●v. tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  1  bring forth (a whelp or whelps) 下崽，产仔 2 derog. (of a human mother) give birth to [贬] (指女人)生小孩 3  originate (an evil scheme etc.) 策划或盘算(奸计等) [Old English hwelp]

when /wen/ adv., conj., pron. & n. ●interrog. adv.  1  at what time? 什么时候，何时 2  on what occasion? 什么场合，什么时机 3  how soon? 多快 4  how long ago? 多久以前 ●rel. adv. (prec. by 前接 time etc.)  at or on which 在那时；其时  there are times when I could cry  有时我会哭 ●conj.  1  at the or any time that; as soon as 当…时；每当；一…就…  come when you like  你想来时就来 come when ready  一准备好就来 when I was your age  当我像你这个年龄时 2  although; considering that 虽然；考虑到  why stand up when you could sit down?  既然能坐下，为什么要站着呢？ 3  after which; and then; but just then 其时；然后；就在那时  was nearly asleep when the bell rang  就要睡着时铃响了 ●pron.  what time?; which time 什么时候；那时  till when can you stay?  直到什么时候你才能留下？ since when it has been better  自情况好转以来 ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the time, occasion, or date 时间；时机；场合；日期  fixed the where and when  确定时间和地点 [Old English hwanne, hwenne]

whence /wens/ adv. & conj. formal [正式] ●adv.  from what place? 从何处  whence did they come?  他们从何处来？ ●conj.  1  to the place from which 到原来的地方  return whence you came  回到你原来的地方 2 (often prec. by 常前接 place etc.)  from which 从那里；从那个；由此  the source whence these errors arise  这些错误出现的根源 3  and thence 因此；据此  whence it follows that  据此得出 [Middle English whannes, whennes, from whanne, whenne (from Old English hwanon(e) ‘whence’) + -S3]■Usage 用法说明 The use of from whence rather than simply whence (as in the place from whence they came), though common, is generally considered incorrect. 使用 from whence 而不用 whence (如在 the place from whence they came 中)尽管常见，但一般认为这种用法是不正确的。 

whencesoever /wenssəʊˈevə/ adv. & conj. formal  from whatever place or source [正式]无论从何处；无论是何原因

whene'er /wenˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHENEVER [诗] WHENEVER 的变体

whenever /wenˈevə/ conj. & adv.  1  at whatever time; on whatever occasion 无论什么时候；在任何时机(或场合) 2  every time that 每当 □ or whenever  colloq.  or at any similar time [口]或在任何类似的时间■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EVER. 见 EVER 的用法说明。 

whensoe'er /wensəʊˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHENSOEVER [诗] WHENSOEVER 的变体

whensoever /wensəʊˈevə/ conj. & adv. formal [正式]  = WHENEVER 

where /wɛə/ adv., conj., pron. & n. ●interrog. adv.  1  in or to what place or position? 在哪里，在什么地方；到哪里，向什么地方  where is the milk?  牛奶在什么地方？ where are you going?  你去哪儿？ 2  in what direction or respect? 在什么方向；在什么方面  where does the argument lead?  这场争论会导致什么结果？ where does it concern us?  这会给我们造成哪方面影响？ 3  in what book etc.?; from whom? 在哪本书(等)中；从谁那里  where did you read that?  你从哪儿读到的？ where did you hear that?  你从谁那里听说的？ 4  in what situation or condition? 什么情形；什么情况  where does that leave us?  那样我们会是什么情况？ ●rel. adv. (prec. by 前接 place etc.)  in or to which 在那里；向那里；到那里  places where they meet  他们会面的地方 ●conj.  1  in or to the or any place, direction, or respect in which 在…地方(方向，方面)；向…地方(方向，方面)；到…地方(方向)  go where you like  到你喜欢的地方去 that is where you are wrong  那就是你出错的地方 delete where applicable  在适当的地方做删除 2  and there 那地方，该处  reached Crewe, where the car broke down  到了克鲁，汽车坏了 ●pron.  what place? 哪里，什么地方  where do you come from?  你从哪儿来？ where are you going to?  你到哪儿去？ ●n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the place; the scene of something (see 见 WHEN n.) 地点；(发生事件的)场所 [Old English hwœˉr, hwɑˉr]

whereabouts adv. & n. ●adv. /wɛərəˈbaʊts/  where or approximately where? 哪里，哪一带  whereabouts are they?  他们在哪里？ show me whereabouts to look  带我看要看的地方 ●n. /ˈwɛərəbaʊts/ (treated as sing. or pl. 看作单数或复数)  a person's or thing's approximate location 某人或某物的行踪，下落；所在

whereafter /wɛərˈɑ:ftə/ conj. formal  after which [正式]嗣后，之后，然后

whereas /wɛərˈæz/ conj.  1  in contrast or comparison with the fact that 然而，尽管 2 (esp. in legal preambles) taking into consideration the fact that (尤用于法律文件的前言)考虑到…；鉴于…

whereat /wɛərˈæt/ conj. archaic [古义]  1  at which place or point 在那里；对那个 2  for which reason 为此，因此

whereby /wɛəˈbai/ conj.  by what or which means 凭什么方法，凭那个方法，借以

where'er /wɛərˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHEREVER [诗] WHEREVER 的变体

wherefore /ˈwɛəfɔ:/ adv. & n. ●adv. archaic [古义]  1  for what reason? 为什么，为何 2  for which reason 因此，所以 ●n. colloq.  a reason [口]理由，缘故  the whys and wherefores  原因和理由

wherefrom /wɛəˈfrɒm/ conj. archaic  from which, from where [古义]从那个；由那里

wherein /wɛərˈin/ conj. & adv. formal [正式] ●conj.  in what or which place or respect 在其中；在那里；在那方面 ●adv.  in what place or respect 在何处；在哪方面

whereof /wɛərˈɒv/ conj. & adv. formal [正式] ●conj.  of what or which 关于那个；关于那事；关于那人  the means whereof  关于手段 ●adv.  of what 关于什么；关于哪个

whereon /wɛərˈɒn/ conj. & adv. archaic [古义] ●conj.  on what or which 在那上面；在那时候 ●adv.  on what 在什么上面

wheresoe'er /wɛəsəʊˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHERESOEVER [诗] WHERESOEVER 的变体

wheresoever /wɛəsəʊˈevə/ conj. & adv. formal or literary [正式] [文学用语]  = WHEREVER 

whereto /wɛəˈtu:/ conj. & adv. formal [正式] ●conj.  to what or which 对那个；向那里 ●adv.  to what 向哪里，往何处；为何

whereupon /wɛərəˈpɒn/ conj.  immediately after which 随即，而后

wherever /wɛərˈevə/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  in or to whatever place 无论在什么地方；无论去什么地方 ●conj.  in every place that 在每个地方；处处 □ or wherever  colloq.  or in any similar place [口]或在任何类似的地方■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at EVER. 见 EVER 的用法说明。 

wherewith /wɛəˈwið/ conj. formal or archaic  with or by which [正式] [古义]用其，以其；由于那个缘故

wherewithal /ˈwɛəwiðɔ:l/ n. colloq.  money etc. needed for a purpose [口] (为某目的而需要的)钱等  has not the wherewithal to do it  没有钱去办那事

wherry /ˈweri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a light rowing boat usu. for carrying passengers (通常指运送船客的)浅水划船 2 Brit.  a large light barge [英]大型浅水客货船 [Middle English: origin unknown]

wherryman /ˈwerimən/ n. (pl. -men)  a man employed on a wherry 艄公

whet /wet/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (whetted, whetting)  1  sharpen (a tool or weapon) by grinding 磨(工具或武器) 2  stimulate (the appetite or a desire, interest, etc.) 刺激(食欲或欲望、兴趣等) ●n.  1  the act or an instance of whetting 磨，磨快 2  a small quantity stimulating one's appetite for more 开胃小吃 □ whetter  n. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  磨刀人；刺激物 [Old English hwettan, from Germanic]

whether /ˈweðə/ conj.  introducing the first or both of alternative possibilities 是否(引出第一种或两种可能性)  I doubt whether it matters  我怀疑这是否很重要 I do not know whether they have arrived or not  我不知道他们是否已经到了 □ whether or no   see 见 NO2  [Old English hwœther, hwether, from Germanic]

whetstone /ˈwetstəʊn/ n.  1  a fine-grained stone used esp. with water to sharpen cutting tools (cf. 参见 OILSTONE) (尤指使用时用水的)磨刀石 2  a thing that sharpens the senses etc. 使感官等敏锐的事物

whew /hwju:, fju:/ int.  expressing surprise, consternation, or relief 嘿！唷！哎呀！(表示惊讶、惊愕或宽慰等) [imitative: cf. PHEW]

whey /wei/ n.  the watery liquid left when milk forms curds 乳清(牛奶凝结时形成的澄清液体) [Old English hwœg, hweg, from Germanic]

whey-faced adj.  pale esp. with fear (尤指受惊后)脸煞白的

which /witʃ/ pron. & det. ●pron.  1 interrog. pron.  asking for choice from a definite set of alternatives (cf. 参见 WHAT pron. 1) 哪个；哪些  which do you prefer?  你喜欢哪个？ 2 rel. pron. (poss. of which, whose /hu:z/)  being the thing or things just referred to, usu. introducing a clause not essential for identification (cf. 参见 THAT pron. 7) 那个；那些(通常引导一个非限定的从句)  the house, which is empty, has been damaged  那间空房子已经被毁坏了 3 rel. pron.  used in place of that after a preposition or after that 那个；那些(用在介词后代替 that 或用在 that 后)  there is the house in which I was born  那一间是我出生的房子 that which you have just seen  你刚刚看到的那个 ●interrog. & rel. det.  corresponding to the functions of senses 1 and 2 of the pronoun 同代词释义 1 和 2 的作用一致  which John do you mean?  你指的是哪个约翰？ which book do you prefer?  你喜欢哪本书？ three days, during all of which time he said nothing  三天当中，他什么话都没有说 □ which is which   a phrase used when two or more persons or things are difficult to distinguish from each other 哪个是哪个；什么是什么(两个以上或更多的人或事物识别起来很困难时使用) [Old English hwilc, from Germanic]

whichever /witʃˈevə/ det. & pron.  1  any which 任何一个  take whichever you like  挑一个你喜欢的 whichever one you like  你喜欢的任何一个 2  no matter which 无论哪个或哪些  whichever one wins, they both get a prize  无论谁胜，他们两个都得奖

whichsoever /witʃsəʊˈevə/ det. & pron. archaic [古义]  = WHICHEVER 

whicker /ˈwikə/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of a horse) give a soft breathy whinny (马)嘶 ●n.  such a whinny or similar sound 马嘶声或类似的声音 [imitative]

whidah var.  of WHYDAH  WHYDAH 的变体

whiff /wif/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a puff or breath of air, smoke, etc. (空气、烟等的)一喷；一吹；一阵  went outside for a whiff of fresh air  到外边呼吸一点新鲜空气 2  a smell 一股(气味)  caught the whiff of a cigar  闻到一股雪茄烟味 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a trace or suggestion of scandal etc. 一点或些微(丑闻等) 4  a small cigar 小雪茄烟 5  a minor discharge (of grapeshot etc.) (葡萄弹等的)少量发射 6  a light narrow outrigged sculling boat (一种装有舷外桨叉支架的狭长)轻型划艇 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  blow or puff lightly 轻吹；轻喷 2 intr. Brit. colloq.  smell (esp. unpleasant) [英口]有气味，(尤指)发臭 3 tr.  get a slight smell of (轻轻地)抽(烟)；吸 [imitative]

whiffle /ˈwif(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (of the wind) blow lightly, shift about (指风)轻吹；忽东忽西地吹 2 intr.  be variable or evasive 变化无常，不可捉摸 3 intr. (of a flame, leaves, etc.) flicker, flutter (指火焰、叶子等)摇曳，摇动 4 intr.  make the sound of a light wind in breathing etc. 发出风轻轻吹动的声音 ●n.  a slight movement of air 风的轻吹 [WHIFF + -LE4]

whiffletree /ˈwif(ə)ltri:/ n. US [美]  = SWINGLETREE  [variant of WHIPPLETREE]

whiffy /ˈwifi/ adj. (whiffier, whiffiest) Brit. colloq.  having an unpleasant smell [英口]发出难闻气味的

Whig /wiɡ/ n. hist. [史义]  1 Polit. 【政】  a member of the British reforming and constitutional party that after 1688 sought the supremacy of Parliament and was eventually succeeded in the 19th c. by the Liberal Party (opp. 反义 TORY 2) (英自由党的前身)辉格党党员 2  a 17th-c. Scottish Presbyterian (17 世纪)苏格兰长老会教徒 3 US [美]  a  a supporter of the American Revolution 美国独立战争的支持者b  a member of an American political party in the 19th c., succeeded by the Republicans (美共和党前身)辉格党党员 □ Whiggery  n.  辉格党党义□ Whiggish  adj.  □ Whiggism  n.   [probably a shortening of Scots whiggamer, -more, nickname of 17th-c. Scots rebels, from whig ‘to drive’ + MARE1]

while /wail/ n., conj., v. & adv. ●n.  1  a space of time, time spent in some action 一段时间  a long while ago  很久以前 waited a while  等了一会儿 all this while  这阵子；有好久 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a  during some other process 在另一…过程中b poet.  during the time that [诗]在…期间 3 (prec. by 前接 a)  for some time 某段时间  have not seen you a while  有段时间没见你了 ●conj.  1  during the time that; for as long as; at the same time as 在…期间；在…时；与…同时  while I was away, the house was burgled  在我离开期间，这房子被盗了 fell asleep while reading  看书时睡着了 2  in spite of the fact that; although, whereas 尽管，虽然；然而  while I want to believe it, I cannot  尽管我想相信，但我做不到 3 N. Engl.  until [英格兰北部]直到  wait while Monday  等到星期一 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  pass (time etc.) in a leisurely or interesting manner 消磨(时间)，逍遥或饶有兴趣地度过(时间等) ●rel. adv. (prec. by 前接 time etc.)  during which 在那(一段)时间  the summer while I was abroad  我在国外的那个夏天 □ all the while   during the whole time (that) (在某一段时间内)一直，始终□ for a long while   for a long time past 过了很长一段时间□ for a while   for some time 暂时；一会儿□ a good (or great) while   a considerable time 许久，很久□ in a while (or little while)   soon, shortly 不久，一会儿□ worth while (or worth one's while)   worth the time or effort spent 值得花费时间或精力 [Old English hwīl from Germanic: the conjunction an abbreviation of Old English thɑˉ hwīle the, Middle English the while that]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at WORTHWHILE. 见 WORTWHILE 的用法说明。 

whiles /wailz/ conj. archaic [古义]  = WHILE  [originally in the adverbs somewhiles, otherwhiles]

whilom /ˈwailəm/ adv. & adj. archaic [古义] ●adv.  formerly, once 从前；一度，曾经 ●adj.  former, erstwhile 从前的，以前的  my whilom friend  我以前的朋友 [Old English hwīlum, dative pl. of hwīl WHILE]

whilst /wailst/ adv. & conj. esp. Brit.  while [尤英]相当于 while [Middle English from WHILES: cf. AGAINST]

whim /wim/ n.  1  a  a sudden fancy; a caprice 突发的奇想；怪念头b  capriciousness 异想天开，想入非非 2 archaic  a kind of windlass for raising ore or water from a mine [古义]采矿辘轳，绞盘(向上提矿石或水) [17th c.: origin unknown]

whimbrel /ˈwimbr(ə)l/ n.  a small migratory curlew, Numenius phaeopus, with a trilling call 杓鹬 [WHIMPER (imitative): cf. dotterel]

whimper /ˈwimpə/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  make feeble, querulous, or frightened sounds; cry and whine softly 抽搭，抽泣；呜咽 2 tr.  utter whimperingly 抽抽搭搭地说出，哭诉 ●n.  1  a whimpering sound 啜泣声，抽抽搭搭的哭声 2  a feeble note or tone 怨声  the conference ended on a whimper  会议在怨声中结束 □ whimperer  n.  □ whimperingly  adv.   [imitative, from dialect whimp]

whimsical /ˈwimzik(ə)l/ adj.  1  odd or quaint; fanciful, humorous 离奇有趣的；异想天开的；古怪的 2  capricious 心血来潮的；反复无常的 □ whimsicality  /-ˈkæliti/ n.  □ whimsically  adv.  

whimsy /ˈwimzi/ n. (also 亦作 whimsey) (pl. -ies or -eys)  1  a whim; a capricious notion or fancy 奇想；怪念头 2  capricious or quaint humour 心血来潮的幽默；离奇有趣的幽默 [related to WHIM-WHAM: cf. flimsy]

whim-wham /ˈwimwæm/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a toy or plaything 玩具，小玩意儿 2  = WHIM 1  [reduplication: origin uncertain]

whin1 /win/ n. (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数) Brit.  furze, gorse [英]荆豆 [probably Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian hvine, Swedish hven]

whin2 /win/ n.  1  hard dark esp. basaltic rock or stone 暗色岩，(尤指)玄武岩 2  a piece of this 一块暗色岩 [Middle English: origin unknown]

whinchat /ˈwintʃæt/ n.  a small brownish songbird, Saxicola rubetra 欧洲石鸡 [WHIN1 + CHAT2]

whine /wain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a complaining long-drawn wail as of a dog (狗等的)哀叫声 2  a similar shrill prolonged sound 类似的长而尖锐的声音 3  a  a querulous tone 哼哼唧唧的诉说b  an instance of feeble or undignified complaining 怨诉，牢骚 ●v.  1 intr.  emit or utter a whine 发哀叫声 2 intr.  complain in a querulous tone or in a feeble or undignified way 抱怨，发牢骚 3 tr.  utter in a whining tone 嘀咕着说；哼着发出 □ whiner  n.  □ whiningly  adv.  □ whiny  adj. (whinier, whiniest)   [Old English hwīnan]

whinge /win(d)ʒ/ v. & n. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●v. intr. (whingeing)  whine; grumble peevishly 抱怨；鸣不平 ●n.  a whining complaint; a peevish grumbling 抱怨；鸣不平 □ whinger  n.  □ whingeingly  adv.  □ whingy  adj.   [Old English hwinsian, from Germanic]

whinny /ˈwini/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -ies)  a gentle or joyful neigh 马的嘶叫声，欢嘶声 ●v. intr. (-ies, -ied)  give a whinny 嘶叫，欢嘶 [imitative: cf. WHINE]

whinstone /ˈwinstəʊn/ n.  = WHIN2 

whip /wip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a lash attached to a stick for urging on animals or punishing etc. 鞭子 2  a  a member of a political party in Parliament appointed to control its parliamentary discipline and tactics, esp. ensuring attendance and voting in debates 议会中政党的组织秘书(负责监督该党在议会中的纪律和策略，尤其敦促党员出席议会辩论并投票)b Brit.  the whips' written notice requesting or requiring attendance for voting at a division etc., variously underlined according to the degree of urgency [英] (政党组织秘书发给本党议员的出席议会进行投票的)书面通知  three-line whip  划着三条线的(要求本党议员出席议会的)特急通知c (prec. by 前接 the)  party discipline and instructions 党纪党令  asked for the Labour whip  加入工党 3  a dessert made with whipped cream etc. (用奶油等物搅拌制成的)甜食 4  the action of beating cream, eggs, etc., into a froth 将奶油、蛋等物搅拌成泡沫状的动作 5  = WHIPPER-IN  6  a rope-and-pulley hoisting apparatus 小滑轮吊车 ●v. (whipped, whipping)  1 tr.  beat or urge on with a whip 鞭打；用鞭驱策 2 tr.  beat (cream or eggs etc.) into a froth 将(奶油或蛋等)搅拌成泡沫状 3 tr. & intr.  take or move suddenly, unexpectedly, or rapidly (突然地、意想不到地、迅速地)拿取或移动  whipped away the tablecloth  猛地撤走桌布 whipped out a knife  突然掏出一把刀 whipped behind the door  急速躲至门后 4 tr. Brit. colloq.  steal [英口]偷  who's whipped my pen?  谁偷走了我的钢笔？ 5 tr. slang [俚语]  a  excel 胜过b  defeat 击败 6 tr.  bind with spirally wound twine 用绳索(或线)缠绕 7 tr.  sew with overcast stitches 锁缝衣边，锁边 □ whip in   bring (hounds) together 用鞭子赶拢(猎犬)□ whip on   urge into action 督促赶快行动；鞭策□ whip up   1  excite or stir up (feeling etc.) 激起，煽动(感情等) 2  summon (attendance) 召集(出席者)□ whipless  adj.  □ whip-like  adj.  □ whipper  n.   [Middle English (h)wippen (v.), probably from Middle Low German & Middle Dutch wippen ‘swing, leap, dance’]

whipbird /ˈwipbɜ:d/ n.  an Australian songbird of the genus Psophodes with a cry like the crack of a whip 鞭鸫(澳洲鸣禽，叫声似鞭击，故名)

whipcord /ˈwipkɔ:d/ n.  1  a tightly twisted cord such as is used for making whiplashes 鞭绳 2  a closely woven worsted fabric 马裤呢

whip-crane n.  a light derrick with tackle for hoisting 动臂起重机

whip-graft n. (in horticulture) a graft with the tongue of the scion in a slot in the stock and vice versa (园艺)舌接(一种植物嫁接法)

whip hand n.  1  a hand that holds the whip (in riding etc.) (骑马时等)执鞭的手 2 (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the)  the advantage or control in any situation 有利地位；支配地位

whiplash /ˈwiplæʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the flexible end of a whip 鞭子的皮条，鞭索 2  a blow with a whip 鞭打 3  = WHIPLASH INJURY  4  a sharp reaction 强烈的反应  whiplash against the status quo  对现状极为不满 ●v.  1 tr.  jerk causing a whiplash effect 反方向猛拉或猛扭(致鞭抽式损伤) 2 intr.  flick or move like a whip lashing (鞭抽似地)猛动

whiplash injury n.  an injury to the neck caused by a severe jerk of the head, esp. as in a motor accident (尤指汽车事故引起的)颈椎过度屈伸损伤

whipper-in n. (pl. whippers-in)  a huntsman's assistant who manages the hounds (猎人的)专管猎狗的助手

whippersnapper /ˈwipəsnæpə/ n.  1  a small child 小孩子 2  an insignificant but presumptuous or intrusive (esp. young) person 妄自尊大的人(尤指年轻人) [perhaps for whipsnapper, implying noise and unimportance]

whippet /ˈwipit/ n.  1  a dog of a small slender breed originally produced as a cross between the greyhound and the terrier or spaniel, bred for racing 赛跑小灵狗(体型小巧修长，用于赛狗) 2  this breed 该狗的品种 [probably from obsolete whippet ‘move briskly’, from whip it]

whipping /ˈwipiŋ/ n.  1  a beating, esp. with a whip (尤指用鞭)打 2  cord wound round in binding 缚扎用的绳索

whipping boy n.  1  a scapegoat 替罪羊 2 hist.  a boy educated with a young prince and punished instead of him [史义] (为王子伴读并代为受罚的)挨鞭伴读郎

whipping cream n.  medium-thick cream suitable for whipping 半稠的适于打成泡沫状的奶油

whipping post n. hist.  a post used for public whippings [史义] (绑缚受鞭刑者的)鞭笞柱

whipping-top n.  a top kept spinning by blows of a lash (用鞭抽打使其保持旋转的)陀螺

whippletree /ˈwip(ə)ltri:/ n.  = SWINGLETREE  [apparently from WHIP + TREE]

whippoorwill /ˈwipəwil/ n.  an American nightjar, Caprimulgus vociferus (北美产)三声夜鹰 [imitative of its cry]

whippy /ˈwipi/ adj.  flexible, springy 有韧性的；富有弹性的 □ whippiness  n.  

whip-round n. esp. Brit. colloq.  an informal collection of money from a group of people [尤英口] (非正式的)募捐；凑份子

whipsaw /ˈwipsɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  a saw with a narrow blade held at each end by a frame 狭边钩齿粗木锯 ●v. (past part. -sawn or -sawed)  1 tr.  cut with a whipsaw 用狭边钩齿粗木锯锯 2 US slang [美] [俚语]  a tr.  cheat by joint action on two others 使两方相争而坐收渔利b intr.  be cheated in this way 两方都受欺骗

whip scorpion n.  any arachnid of the order Uropygi, resembling a scorpion but with a long slender tail-like appendage 鞭尾蝎

whip snake n.  any of various long slender snakes of the family Colubridae 鞭蛇

whip stitch n.  an overcast stitch 锁缝针迹

whipstock /ˈwipstɒk/ n.  the handle of a whip 鞭杆，鞭棍

whir var.  of WHIRR  WHIRR 的变体

whirl /wɜ:l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  swing round and round; revolve rapidly (使)回旋；(使)旋转 2 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 away)  convey or go rapidly in a vehicle etc. 飞速移动；急速带走；高速驾驶 3 tr. & intr.  send or travel swiftly in an orbit or a curve (使)沿轨道或曲线高速运动；发射 4 intr.  a (of the brain, senses, etc.) seem to spin round (指头脑、感觉等)眩晕b (of thoughts etc.) be confused; follow each other in bewildering succession (指思绪等)混乱；纷乱 ●n.  1  a whirling movement 旋转，回旋  vanished in a whirl of dust  消失在卷扬的尘土之中 2  a state of intense activity 忙碌的活动  the social whirl  频繁的社交活动 3  a state of confusion 混乱状态  my mind is in a whirl  我的心里很乱 4 colloq. [口]  a try 尝试，试  give it a whirl  试一下 □ whirler  n.  □ whirlingly  adv.   [Middle English: the verb from Old Norse hvirfla: the noun from Middle Low German & Middle Dutch wervel ‘spindle’ & Old Norse hvirfill ‘circle’, from Germanic]

whirligig /ˈwɜ:liɡiɡ/ n.  1  a spinning or whirling toy 旋转式玩具 2  a merry-go-round 旋转木马 3  a revolving motion 旋转运动 4  anything regarded as hectic or constantly changing 循环；轮回；变迁  the whirligig of time  时代的变迁 5  any freshwater beetle of the family Gyrinidae that circles about on the surface 豉甲科甲虫 [Middle English, from WHIRL + obsolete gig ‘whipping-top’]

whirling dervish n. (also 亦作 dancing dervish or howling dervish)  a dervish performing a wild dance, or howling, according to which sect he belongs to 旋转托钵僧(根据其所属的教派不同或表演狂舞或吼叫)

whirlpool /ˈwɜ:lpu:l/ n.  a powerful circular eddy in the sea etc. often causing suction to its centre (海洋等中的)旋涡

whirlwind /ˈwɜ:lwind/ n.  1  a mass or column of air whirling rapidly round and round in a cylindrical or funnel shape over land or water 旋风 2  a confused tumultuous process 一连串混乱喧嚣的事情 3 (作 attrib.)  very rapid 极快的，旋风式的  a whirlwind romance  旋风式恋爱 □ reap the whirlwind   suffer worse results of a bad action 自食恶果

whirlybird /ˈwɜ:libɜ:d/ n. colloq.  a helicopter [口]直升飞机

whirr /wɜ:/ n. & v. (also 亦作 whir) ●n.  a continuous rapid buzzing or softly clicking sound as of a bird's wings or of cogwheels in constant motion (鸟翼或齿轮运动的)呼呼声，嗡嗡声 ●v. intr. (whirred, whirring)  make this sound 呼呼(或嗡嗡地)作响 [Middle English, probably Scandinavian: cf. Danish hvirre, Norwegian kvirra, perhaps related to WHIRL]

whisht /(h)wiʃt/ v. (also 亦作 whist /(h)wist/) esp. Sc. & Ir. dial. [尤苏格兰和爱尔兰] [方]  1 intr. (esp. as 尤作 int.)  be quiet; hush 轻点；嘘 2 tr.  quieten 使安静 [imitative]

whisk /wisk/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, off)  a  brush with a sweeping movement 刷，掸，拂，轻轻抹b  take with a sudden motion 突然拿走  whisked the plate away  突然将盘子拿走了 2 tr.  whip (cream, eggs, etc.) 搅拌(奶油、鸡蛋等) 3 tr. & intr.  convey or go (esp. out of sight) lightly or quickly 迅速移动；轻捷地走(尤指很快消失在视线中)  whisked me off to the doctor  一下子就把我送到了医生那儿 the mouse whisked into its hole  老鼠嗖地窜进洞去 4 tr.  wave or lightly brandish 挥舞；轻轻地挥动 ●n.  1  a whisking action or motion 刷，掸，拂，轻抹 2  a utensil for whisking eggs or cream etc. (蛋、奶油等的)搅拌器 3  a bunch of grass, twigs, bristles, etc., for removing dust or flies 笤帚；掸子；刷子等 [Middle English wisk, probably Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse visk ‘wisp’]

whisker /ˈwiskə/ n.  1 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  the hair growing on a man's face, esp. on the cheek 胡须(尤指落腮须) 2  each of the bristles on the face of a cat etc. (猫等动物的)须 3 colloq.  a small distance [口]一丝；些微之差  within a whisker of  差一点儿，险些 won by a whisker  以毫厘之差取胜 4  a strong hairlike crystal of metal etc. (金属等的)晶须 □ have (or have grown) whiskers  colloq. (esp. of a story etc.) be very old [口] (尤指故事等)不新鲜了，太老了□ whiskered  adj.  □ whiskery  adj.   [WHISK + -ER1]

whisky /ˈwiski/ n. (US & Ir. [美和爱尔兰] whiskey) (pl. -ies or -eys)  1  a spirit distilled esp. from malted barley, other grains, or potatoes, etc. 威士忌酒(尤指用大麦芽、其他谷物或马铃薯等蒸馏制成的酒) 2  a drink of this 一杯威士忌酒 [abbreviation of obsolete whiskybae, variant of USQUEBAUGH]

whisper /ˈwispə/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  speak very softly without vibration of the vocal cords (声带不振动地)耳语式发音b intr. & tr.  talk or say in a barely audible tone or in a secret or confidential way 低语，耳语；秘密告诉 2 intr.  speak privately or conspiratorially 私语；密谈 3 intr. (of leaves, wind, or water) rustle or murmur (树叶、风、水等)发出沙沙声；飒飒声；潺潺声 ●n.  1  whispering speech 低语，耳语  talking in whispers  低声细语 2  a whispering sound 窃窃私语声；沙沙声；飒飒风声；潺潺声 3  a thing whispered 悄悄话 4  a rumour or piece of gossip 传闻；谣传 □ it is whispered   there is a rumour 有谣传□ whisperer  n.  □ whispering  n.   [Old English hwisprian, from Germanic]

whispering gallery n.  a gallery esp. under a dome with acoustic properties such that a whisper may be heard round its entire circumference 回音廊

whist1 /wist/ n.  a card game usu. for two pairs of players, with the winning of tricks 惠斯特(一种 4 人玩的牌戏，桥牌的前身) [earlier whisk, perhaps from WHISK (with reference to whisking away the tricks): perhaps associated with WHIST2]

whist2 var.  of WHISHT  WHISHT 的变体

whist drive n. Brit.  a social occasion with the playing of progressive whist [英]惠斯特牌戏会

whistle /ˈwis(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a clear shrill sound made by forcing breath through a small hole between nearly closed lips, or between the teeth 口哨声 2  a similar sound made by a bird, the wind, a missile, etc. 类似的声音(如鸟的鸣叫，风、炮弹等的呼啸等) 3  an instrument used to produce such a sound, esp. for giving a signal 哨子；汽笛(尤指发信号用的) 4 Brit. rhyming slang  a suit (short for 全形 whistle and flute) [英] [同韵俚语]一套(口哨和长笛的简称) ●v.  1 intr.  emit a whistle 吹口哨 2  a intr.  give a signal or express surprise or derision by whistling 用吹口哨发出信号或表示惊奇、嘲笑等b tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  summon or give a signal to (a dog etc.) by whistling (对狗等)以哨音召唤；以哨音给信号 3 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  produce (a tune) by whistling 用口哨吹出(曲调) 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 for)  vainly seek or desire 徒然寻找或渴望 □ as clean (or clear or dry) as a whistle   very clean or clear or dry 干干净净；清清楚楚；干干的□ blow the whistle on  colloq.  bring (an activity) to an end; inform on (those responsible) [口]使活动终止；告发、揭发(那些责任人)□ wet one's whistle   see 见 WET □ whistle down the wind   1  let go, abandon 放走；放弃 2  turn (a hawk) loose 放(鹰)□ whistle in the dark   pretend to be unafraid 借吹口哨壮胆，故作镇静 [Old English (h)wistlian (v.), (h)wistle (n.) of imitative origin: cf. Old Norse hvísla ‘whisper’, Middle Swedish hvisla ‘whistle’]

whistle-blower n.  a person who blows the whistle on someone or something (see 见 WHISTLE) 告密者；揭发者

whistler /ˈwislə/ n.  1  a  a person who whistles 吹口哨的人b  a thing which makes a whistling sound 发出啸声的东西 2  a  bird of the genus Pachycephala or of a related genus, with a loud melodious call 啸鹟b  a marmot, Marmota caligata, with a whistling call 花白旱獭(其叫声如哨)

whistle-stop n.  1 US  a small unimportant town on a railway [美] (铁路沿线的)小镇；小站 2  a politician's brief pause for an electioneering speech on tour (政客在竞选旅途中为发表演说而作的)短暂停留 3 (作 attrib.)  with only brief pauses; very fast 仅作短暂停留的；很快的  a whistle-stop tour  在各地作短暂停留的竞选旅行

whistling kettle n.  a kettle fitted with a whistle sounded by steam when the kettle is boiling (水煮沸时发出尖叫的)叫壶

Whit /wit/ n. & adj. ●n.  = WHITSUNTIDE  ●attrib. adj.  connected with, belonging to, or following Whit Sunday 与圣灵降临节有关的；属圣灵降临节的；圣灵降临周的  Whit Monday  圣灵降临节的次日 Whit weekend  圣灵降临周的周末 [Old English Hwīta Sunnandœg, literally ‘white Sunday’, probably from the white robes of the newly baptized at Pentecost]

whit /wit/ n.  a particle; a least possible amount 些微；一点点，丝毫  not a whit better  丝毫不见好转 □ every whit   the whole; wholly 完全地；整个地□ no (or never a or not a) whit   not at all 一点不，丝毫不 [earlier w(h)yt apparently an alteration of WIGHT in the phrase no wight etc.]

white /wait/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  resembling a surface reflecting sunlight without absorbing any of the visible rays; of the colour of milk or fresh snow 白色的；乳白的；雪白的 2  approaching such a colour; pale esp. in the face 近似白色的；苍白的(尤指脸色)  turned as white as a sheet  面色变得煞白 3  less dark than other things of the same kind 淡色的，浅色的 4 (also 亦作 White)  a  of the human group having light-coloured skin 白种人的b  of or relating to white people 白人的 5 (of a person) white-haired, esp. in old age (人)白头发的(尤指上了年纪) 6 colloq.  innocent, untainted [口]纯洁的；清白的；无污点的 7  a (of a plant) having white flowers or pale-coloured fruit etc. (植物)有白色花或浅色果实的  white hyacinth  白风信子 white cauliflower  白花椰菜b (of a tree) having light-coloured bark etc. (树)有浅色树皮的  white ash  白蜡树 white poplar  白杨树 8 (of wine) made from white grapes or dark grapes with the skins removed (指葡萄酒)用白葡萄或去皮葡萄制成的 9 Brit. (of coffee) with milk or cream added [英] (指咖啡)加奶或奶油的 10  transparent, colourless 透明的；无色的  white glass  无色玻璃 11 hist.  counter-revolutionary or reactionary [史义]反革命的；反动的  white guard  白匪 white army  白军 ●n.  1  a white colour or pigment 白色；白色颜料 2  a  white clothes or material 白色衣服或材料  dressed in white  身着白衣b (in pl. 用复数)  white garments as worn in cricket, tennis, etc. (打板球或网球等时穿的)白色衣服c (in pl. 用复数)  white clothing etc. for washing 要洗的白色衣物等 3  a (in a game or sport) a white piece, ball, etc. (用于游戏或体育中的)白子；白球(等)b  the player using such pieces 用白(子、球等)的一方 4  the white part or albumen round the yolk of an egg (鸡蛋的)蛋清，蛋白 5  the visible part of the eyeball round the iris 眼白 6 (also 亦作 White)  a member of a light-skinned race 白种人 7  a white butterfly 白蝴蝶 8  a blank space in printing (印刷中的)留白处 ●v. tr. archaic  make white [古义]使变白 □ bleed white   drain (a person, country, etc.) of wealth etc. 使(人、国家等)耗尽财富□ whitely  adv.  □ whiteness  n.  □ whitish  adj.   [Old English hwīt, from Germanic]

white admiral n.  a butterfly, Limenitis camilla, with a white band across its wings 白蛱蝶

white ant n.  a termite 白蚁

white arsenic  see 见 ARSENIC n. 1 

whitebait /ˈwaitbeit/ n. (pl. same 单复同) (usu. pl. 通常用复数)  the small silvery-white young of herrings, sprats, and similar fish esp. as food 小鲱鱼(鲱、西鲱的幼鱼以及其他类似的小鱼，尤食用)

whitebeam /ˈwaitbi:m/ n.  a tree of the rose family, Sorbus aria, having red berries and leaves with a white downy underside 白面子树(属蔷薇科，结红色浆果，叶下表面有绒毛)

whiteboard /ˈwaitbɔ:d/ n.  a board with a white surface, used esp. for classroom presentations using felt-tip pens 白色书写板(尤用于教室中使用毡制粗头笔的书写板)

white cell n. (also 亦作 white blood cell)  = LEUCOCYTE 

white Christmas n.  Christmas with snow on the ground (下了雪的)白色圣诞节

white coal n.  water as a source of power 白煤(指用作动力的水流)

white-collar attrib. adj. (of a worker or work) clerical or administrative rather than manual (指工人或工作)白领的(职员或行政人员而非体力劳动性质的)

white currant n.  a cultivar of redcurrant with pale edible berries 白茶藨子(红茶藨子的一栽培变种，结浅色浆果，可食用)

whited sepulchre n.  a hypocrite (with reference to Matt. 23:27) 伪善者，伪君子(源于《圣经·马太福音》 23:27)

white dwarf n.  a small very dense star 白矮星

white elephant n.  an item or property that is no longer useful or wanted, esp. one that is difficult to maintain or dispose of (很难保管或处理的)累赘的东西，无用的东西

white ensign n.  the ensign of the Royal Navy and the Royal Yacht Squadron 白色旗(英国皇家海军和皇家游艇队的旗帜)

white-eye n.  a bird with a white iris or white plumage around the eyes, esp. a small Old World perching bird of the family Zosteropidae 绣眼鸟

whiteface /ˈwaitfeis/ n.  the white make-up of an actor etc. (演员等用的)白色面部化装

white feather n.  a symbol of cowardice (a white feather in the tail of a game bird being a mark of bad breeding) 懦弱的象征(斗鸡尾部长有白羽毛表明乃属劣种，不善斗)

white fish n.  fish with pale flesh, e.g. plaice, cod, etc. 肉呈白色的鱼(如鲽鱼、鳕鱼等)

whitefish /ˈwaitfiʃ/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any freshwater fish of the genus Coregonus etc., of the trout family, and used esp. for food 白鲑(尤食用)

white flag n.  a symbol of surrender or a period of truce 白旗(表示投降或休战)

whitefly /ˈwaitflai/ n. (pl. -flies)  any small insect of the family Aleyrodidae, having wings covered with white powder and feeding on the sap of shrubs, crops, etc. 粉虱

White Friar n.  a Carmelite monk (天主教)白衣修士，加尔默罗会修士 [from their white habits]

white frost  see 见 FROST n. 1a 

white gold n.  any of various silver-coloured alloys of gold used in jewellery 人造白金(用来制作首饰的银色金质合金)

white goods n. pl.  1  large domestic electrical equipment that is conventionally white, e.g. refrigerators and washing machines 白色家电(颜色通常为白色的大型家用电器，如电冰箱、洗衣机等) 2 archaic  domestic linen [古义]家用白色织物(如床单、桌布等)

Whitehall /ˈwaithɔ:l/ n.  1  the British Government 白厅，英国政府 2  its offices or policy 英国政府机关或其政策 [a street in London in which Government offices are situated]

whitehead /ˈwaithed/ n. colloq.  a white or white-topped skin-pustule [口]白头疹，白头粉刺

white heat n.  1  the temperature at which metal emits white light 白热(金属发白光时的高温) 2  a state of intense passion or activity (感情、事态等的)白热化；高度紧张(或兴奋等)状态

white hope n.  a person expected to achieve much for a group, organization, etc. 被(一集体、组织等)寄予厚望的人

white horses n. pl.  white-crested waves at sea 白浪

white-hot adj.  at white heat 白热的

White House n.  1  the official residence of the US President in Washington, DC 白宫(美国总统在华盛顿特区的官邸) 2  the Russian parliament building 俄罗斯议会大楼

white-knuckle attrib. adj. (esp. of a fairground ride) designed to cause excitement or tension (尤指游乐场的乘坐装置)引起兴奋紧张的

white lead n.  a mixture of lead carbonate and hydrated lead oxide used as pigment 铅白，铅粉(碳酸铅与含水氧化铅的混合物，用以制作绘画颜料)

white lie n.  a harmless or trivial untruth 无害或无关紧要的谎话

white light n.  apparently colourless light, e.g. ordinary daylight 白光(看上去无色的光，如日光)

white lime n.  lime mixed with water as a coating for walls; whitewash 熟石灰(用来涂墙的加水混合的石灰)

white magic n.  magic used only for beneficent purposes 白法术(仅用于行善目的的法术)

white matter n.  the part of the brain and spinal cord consisting mainly of nerve fibres (cf. 参见 GREY MATTER 1) (脑及脊髓中的)白质(主要由神经纤维构成)

white meat n.  poultry, veal, rabbit, and pork 白色肉(家禽、小牛、兔、猪的肉)

white metal n.  a white or silvery alloy 白色金属(白色或银色的合金)

White Monk n.  a Cistercian monk 白衣隐修院修士 [from their white habits]

whiten /ˈwait(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become white (使)白；变白 □ whitener  n.  漂白工；增白剂□ whitening  n.  

white night n.  1  a sleepless night 不眠之夜 2  a night when it never properly gets dark, as in high latitudes in summer 白夜(高纬度地区夏天从不黑暗的夜间) [in sense 1 translation of French nuit blanche]

white noise n.  noise containing many frequencies with equal intensities 白噪声(在给定波段内所有频率上其强度相同)

white-out n.  1  a dense blizzard esp. in polar regions (尤指极地的)暴风雪 2  a weather condition in which the features, horizon, etc. of snow-covered country are indistinguishable due to uniform light diffusion 乳白天空(一种天气现象，由于均匀的光线扩散导致白雪覆盖的地区天地相连，一片乳白色，地貌等均难辨认)

white ox-eye n.  = OX-EYE DAISY(see 见 OX-EYE) 

White Paper n. (in the UK) a Government report giving information or proposals on an issue (英国)白皮书(政府就某一问题发表的官方报告)

white pepper n.  the ripe or husked ground or whole berries of Piper nigrum as a condiment 白胡椒(粉)

white poplar n.  = ABELE 

white rose n.  the emblem of Yorkshire or the House of York 白玫瑰(英国约克郡的郡花或玫瑰战争时期约克家族的标志)

White Russian n.  a Belorussian 白俄罗斯人

white sale n.  a sale of household linen 家用白色织物的(廉价)出售

white sauce n.  a sauce of flour, melted butter, and milk or cream (用面粉、融化的黄油和牛奶或奶油调制成的)白汁沙司

white slave n.  a woman tricked or forced into prostitution, usu. abroad 白奴(常指被骗或被迫在国外卖淫的女子) □ white slavery  n.  

whitesmith /ˈwaitsmiθ/ n.  1  a worker in tin 锡匠；白铁工 2  a polisher or finisher of metal goods 铁器抛光匠

white sock n.  = STOCKING 3 

white spirit n. Brit.  light petroleum as a solvent [英]石油溶剂油

white sugar n.  purified sugar 白糖

whitethorn /ˈwaitθɔ:n/ n.  the hawthorn 山楂

whitethroat /ˈwaitθrəʊt/ n.  any white-throated Eurasian warbler of the genus Sylvia, esp. the common S. communis 白喉莺，灰莺

white tie n.  a man's white bow tie as part of full evening dress (与男士晚礼服配用的)白领结

white vitriol n. Chem.  zinc sulphate 【化】七水(合)硫酸锌，皓矾

whitewash /ˈwaitwɒʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a solution of quicklime or of whiting and size for whitening walls etc. 石灰水；白涂料 2  a means employed to conceal mistakes or faults in order to clear a person or institution of imputations (为开脱对某人或某机构的指责而对错误或缺点等的)粉饰，掩饰 ●v. tr.  1  cover with whitewash 粉刷 2  attempt by concealment to clear the reputation of 企图用粉饰的方法澄清名誉 3 (in passive 用被动) Brit. (of an insolvent) get a fresh start by passage through a bankruptcy court [英] (指无力偿还债务的人通过破产法庭)使得以重新开张 4  defeat (an opponent) without allowing any opposing score 彻底击败(对手)，使(对手)得零分 □ whitewasher  n.  

white water n.  a shallow or foamy stretch of water (浅滩上的)清流，碎浪水花，白浪

white wedding n. Brit.  a wedding at which the bride wears a formal white dress [英]新娘穿白礼服的婚礼

white whale n.  a northern cetacean, Delphinapterus leucas, white when adult also called 亦称作 BELUGA 白鲸

whitewood /ˈwaitwʊd/ n.  a light-coloured wood esp. prepared for staining etc. 白色木材(尤指准备染色等的)

whitey /ˈwaiti/ n. (also 亦作 Whitey) (pl. -eys) slang offens. [俚语] [冒犯]  1  a white person 白鬼 2  white people collectively (总称)白人

whither /ˈwiðə/ adv. & conj. archaic [古义] ●adv.  1  to what place, position, or state 往何处；去何位置；到何种情况 2 (prec. by 前接 place etc.)  to which 去那里  the house whither we were walking  我们要去的那座房子 ●conj.  1  to the or any place to which 到那个地方或任何地方  go whither you will  随便你到什么地方去 2  and thither (接着就)向那里  we saw a house, whither we walked  我们看到一座房子，就向那里走去 [Old English hwider from Germanic: cf. WHICH, HITHER, THITHER]

whithersoever /wiðəsəʊˈevə/ adj. & conj. archaic  to any place to which [古义]无论到哪里

whiting1 /ˈwaitiŋ/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a small white-fleshed fish, Merlangus merlangus, used as food 牙鳕(小海鱼，肉白，供食用) [Middle English from Middle Dutch wijting, apparently formed as WHITE + -ING3]

whiting2 /ˈwaitiŋ/ n.  ground chalk used in whitewashing, plate-cleaning, etc. (粉刷或擦盘子等用的)白垩粉，白粉

whitleather /ˈwitleðə/ n.  tawed leather 白鞣皮 [Middle English, from WHITE + LEATHER]

whitlow /ˈwitləʊ/ n.  an inflammation near a fingernail or toenail 瘭疽，化脓性指(或趾)头炎，甲沟炎 [Middle English whitflaw, -flow, apparently = WHITE + FLAW1 in the sense ‘crack’, but perhaps of Low German origin: cf. Dutch fijt, Low German fīt ‘whitlow’]

whitlow-grass n.  a dwarf cruciferous plant of rocks, wall-tops etc., esp. Erophila verna, formerly held to cure whitlows 葶苈(旧时用来治瘭疽)

Whitsun /ˈwits(ə)n/ n. & adj. ●n.  = WHITSUNTIDE  ●adj.  = WHIT  [Middle English, from Whitsun Day = Whit Sunday]

Whit Sunday n.  the seventh Sunday after Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2) 圣灵降临节(复活节后的第 7 个星期日，纪念圣灵在这一日降临) (见《使徒行传》第 2 章)

Whitsuntide /ˈwits(ə)ntaid/ n.  the weekend or week including Whit Sunday 圣灵降临节的周末或圣灵降临周(以圣灵降临节开始的一周)

whittle /ˈwit(ə)l/ v.  1 tr. & (foll. by 后跟 at)  intr. pare (wood etc.) with repeated slicing with a knife (用刀)削(木头等) 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away, down)  reduce by repeated subtractions 削减；削弱 [variant of Middle English thwitel ‘long knife’ from Old English thwītan ‘to cut off’]

whity /ˈwaiti/ adj.  whitish; rather white (cf. 参见 WHITEY) 发白的；较白的 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : whity-yellow  发白的黄色

whiz-bang /ˈwizbæŋ/ n. & adj. ●n. (also 亦作 whizz-bang) colloq. [口]  1  a high-velocity shell from a small-calibre gun, whose passage is heard before the gun's report (啸声到时立即就爆炸的)小型高速炮弹 2  a jumping kind of firework 嘶地一声就爆响的爆竹 ●adj.  fast-paced, lively, spectacular 节奏快的；充满生气的；壮观的

whizz /wiz/ n. & v. (also 亦作 whiz) colloq. [口] ●n.  1  the sound made by the friction of a body moving through the air at great speed (物体飞速穿过空气摩擦产生的)嗖嗖声 2 (also 亦作 wiz) colloq.  a person who is remarkable or skilful in some respect [口]非凡的人；奇才；有特长的人  is a whiz at chess  是个国际象棋能手 ●v. intr. (whizzed, whizzing)  move with or make a whiz 嗖嗖地移动；呼呼作响 [imitative: in sense 2 influenced by WIZARD]

whizz-kid n. (also 亦作 whiz-kid) colloq.  a brilliant or highly successful young person [口]神童；有为青年

WHO abbr.  World Health Organization [缩略]世界卫生组织

who /hu:, hʊ/ pron. (obj. whom /hu:m/ or (informally) who; poss. whose /hu:z/)  1 interrog. pron.  a  what or which person or persons 谁，什么人  who called?  谁来过？ you know who it was  你知道是谁 whom  or who did you see?  你见到谁了？b  what sort of person or persons 怎样的人(们)  who am I to object?  我有什么资格反对？ 2 rel. pron. (a person) that …的人  anyone who wishes can come  想来的都可以来 the woman whom you met  你见过面的那位女士 the man who you saw  你曾见过的那个男人 3 and (or but) he, she, they, etc. (可是)他；她；他们；她们；它们等  gave it to Tom, who sold it to Jim  把它给了汤姆，他又把这东西卖给了吉姆 4 archaic  the or any person or persons that [古义]那个(些)人；任何人  whom the gods love die young  上帝喜欢的人死得早(好人不长寿) □ as who should say  archaic  like a person who said; as though one said [古义]正像某人所说；可谓；好像有人说过□ who goes there?   see 见 GO1  [Old English hwɑˉ, from Germanic: whom from Old English dative hwɑˉm, hwœˉm: whose from genitive hwœs]■Usage 用法说明 In the last example of sense 1a and the last two examples of sense 2, whom is correct, but who is common in less formal contexts. 在释义 1a 的最后一个例句和释义 2 的最后两个例句中， whom 是正确的形式，但在不太正式的上下文中 who 更常见。 

whoa /wəʊ/ int.  used as a command to stop or slow a horse etc. 吁！ (叫马停住或慢行的吆喝) [variant of HO]

who'd /hu:d/ contr. [缩合]  1  who had  2  who would 

who-does-what attrib. adj. Brit. (of a dispute etc.) about which group of workers should do a particular job [英] (指争端等)关于各工会分工的

whodunnit /hu:ˈdʌnit/ n. (US [美] whodunit) colloq.  a story or play about the detection of a crime etc., esp. murder [口] (尤以谋杀犯罪等为题材的)侦探小说(或戏剧) [from who done it?, non-standard form of who did it?]

whoe'er /hu:ˈɛə/ poet. var.  of WHOEVER [诗] WHOEVER 的变体

whoever /hu:ˈevə/ pron. (obj. whomever /hu:m-/ or (informally [非正式]) whoever; poss. whosever /hu:z-/)  1  the or any person or persons who 那个(些)人；无论谁  whoever comes is welcome  无论谁来都欢迎 2  though anyone 不管谁，不论谁  whoever else objects, I do not  不管谁反对，我决不反对 whosever it is, I want it  不论是谁的，我都想要 3 colloq. (as an intensive) who ever; who at all [口] (用作强调)到底是谁；究竟是谁  whoever heard of such a thing?  到底谁听说过这种事？■Usage 用法说明 The use of whomever for the objective case can sound stilted nowadays, and whoever is generally acceptable in its place, e.g. I ask whoever I meet the same question. See also Usage Note at EVER. Whomever 作为 whoever 的宾格现在很少使用，在一般情况下都用 whoever 代替，如 I ask whoever I meet the same question (不管遇见谁我都问同一个问题)。另见 EVER 的用法说明。 

whole /həʊl/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  in an uninjured, unbroken, intact, or undiminished state 完好无损的；完整的；原样未动的；未减少的  swallowed it whole  整个咽下去 there is not a plate left whole  连一个完好无损的盘子也没剩下 2  not less than; all there is of; entire, complete 不少于的；全部的；整体的；完全的  waited a whole year  等了整一年 tell the whole truth  说出全部真相 the whole school knows  全校都知道 3 (of blood or milk etc.) with no part removed (血液或牛奶等)完全的，未除去任何成分的 ●n.  1  a thing complete in itself 完全的东西；完整的东西 2  all there is of a thing 整体；整个  spent the whole of the summer by the sea  在海边度过了整整一个夏天 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  all members, inhabitants, etc., of 所有；全体；全部(成员、居民等)  the whole of London knows it  全伦敦都知道这事 □ as a whole   as a unity; not as separate parts 作为一个整体；整个看来□ go the whole hog   see 见 HOG □ on the whole   taking everything relevant into account; in general 总的说来；大体上；一般来说  it was, on the whole, a good report  总的来说，这个报告不错 they behaved well on the whole  他们的表现总的来说是好的□ wholeness  n.   [Old English hɑˉl, from Germanic]

whole cloth n.  cloth of full size as manufactured (未被剪裁过的)整幅布

wholefood /ˈhəʊlfu:d/ n. Brit.  food which has not been processed or refined more than is minimally necessary [英] (未经加工或精制的)全营养食品 often 常作 attrib.: wholefood diet  全营养食物

wholegrain /ˈhəʊlɡrein/ adj.  made with or containing whole grains 全麦的；粗面粉的  wholegrain bread  全麦面包

wholehearted /həʊlˈhɑ:tid/ adj.  1 (of a person) completely devoted or committed (指人)全心全意的；全身心投入的 2 (of an action etc.) done with all possible effort, attention, or sincerity; thorough (指行为等)尽全部力量的；真挚的；完全彻底的 □ wholeheartedly  adv.  □ wholeheartedness  n.  

whole holiday n. Brit.  a whole day taken as a holiday (cf. 参见 HALF HOLIDAY) [英]全休日

whole-life insurance n.  life insurance for which premiums are payable throughout the remaining life of the person insured 终身人寿保险

whole lot  see 见 LOT 

wholemeal /ˈhəʊlmi:l/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Brit.  meal or flour of wheat or other cereals with none of the bran or germ removed [英]全麦面粉；(没有去麸或胚芽的谷物的)全粉

whole note n. esp. N. Amer. Mus. [尤北美]【音】  = SEMIBREVE 

whole number n.  a number without fractions; an integer 整数

wholesale /ˈhəʊlseil/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  the selling of things in large quantities to be retailed by others (cf. 参见 RETAIL) 批发，趸卖 ●adj. & adv.  1  by wholesale; at a wholesale price 用批发方式(的)；以批发价(的)  can get it for you wholesale  可以以批发价给你搞到 2  on a large scale 大规模(的)；大批(的)；批量(的)  wholesale destruction occurred  出现大规模的破坏 was handing out samples wholesale  正大批地分发样品 ●v. tr.  sell wholesale 批发，成批出售 □ wholesaler  n.   [Middle English: originally by whole sale]

wholesome /ˈhəʊls(ə)m/ adj.  1  promoting or indicating physical, mental, or moral health 有益于(身体、思想、道德)健康的；(身体、思想、道德)健康的  wholesome pursuits  有益的追求 a wholesome appearance  健康的外表 2  prudent 审慎的，谨慎的  wholesome respect  谨慎恪守 □ wholesomely  adv.  □ wholesomeness  n.   [Middle English, probably from Old English (as WHOLE, -SOME1)]

whole-tone scale n. Mus.  a scale consisting entirely of tones, with no semitones 【音】全音音阶

wholewheat /ˈhəʊlwi:t/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  wheat with none of the bran or germ removed; wholemeal (麸或胚芽任何成分都未去除的)全(小)麦；全麦食品

wholism var.  of HOLISM  HOLISM 的变体

wholly /ˈhəʊlli, ˈhəʊli/ adv.  1  entirely; without limitation or diminution 完全地；不折不扣地；全然  I am wholly at a loss  我全然不知所措 2  purely, exclusively 纯粹地；专门地  a wholly bad example  一个纯粹的坏典型 [Middle English, probably from Old English (as WHOLE, -LY2)]

whom objective case  of WHO  

whomever objective case  of WHOEVER  

whomso archaic [古义] objective case  of WHOSO 

whomsoever objective case  of WHOSOEVER  

whoop /hu:p, wu:p/ n. & v. (also 亦作 hoop) ●n.  1  a loud cry of or as of excitement etc. “嚯(喝！) ”的大叫声；(激动等时的)高喊 2  a long rasping indrawn breath in whooping cough (百日咳患者的)哮喘声 ●v. intr.  utter a whoop 高喊，高叫 □ whoop it up  colloq. [口]  1  engage in revelry 欢闹；狂欢；热列庆祝 2 US  make a stir [美]大事宣扬；制造轰动 [Middle English: imitative]

whoopee int. & n. colloq. [口] ●int. /wʊˈpi:/  expressing exuberant joy 哈哈！哇！ (欢乐、得意时的欢呼声) ●n. /ˈwʊpi/  exuberant enjoyment or revelry 欢庆；欢闹 □ make whoopee  colloq. [口]  1  rejoice noisily or hilariously 欢庆；狂欢 2  make love 性交，做爱

whoopee cushion n.  a rubber cushion that when sat on makes a sound like the breaking of wind (坐上去时会发出类似放屁声响的)橡胶坐垫

whooper /ˈhu:pə, ˈw-/ n. (in full 全称 whooper swan)  a large migratory swan, Cygnus cygnus, with a black and yellow bill and a loud whooping call 大天鹅，疣鼻天鹅

whooping cough /ˈhu:piŋ/ n.  an infectious bacterial disease, esp. of children, with a series of short violent coughs followed by a whoop Also called 亦称作 pertussis 百日咳

whooping crane /ˈhu:piŋ, ˈw-/ n.  a large mainly white N. American crane, Grus americana, now an endangered species 美洲鹤，高鸣鹤(主要为白色，现濒于灭绝)

whoops /wʊps/ int. (also 亦作 whoops-a-daisy) colloq.  expressing surprise or apology, esp. on making an obvious mistake [口] (表示惊讶、道歉，尤指当自己犯了明显错误时的感叹词)哎哟！  [variant of OOPS]

whoosh /wʊʃ, wu:ʃ/ v., n. & int. (also 亦作 woosh) ●v. intr. & tr.  move or cause to move with a rushing sound (使)嗖嗖(或呼呼)地很快移动 ●n.  a sudden movement accompanied by a rushing sound (嗖的一声的)突然移动 ●int.  an exclamation imitating this (表示突然猛冲或飞速移动时发出的声音)嗖，呼 [imitative]

whop /wɒp/ v. & n. (also, esp. US [亦尤美] whap) ●v. tr. (whopped, whopping) slang [俚语]  1  thrash 打，揍；痛击 2  defeat, overcome 击败，战胜 ●n.  1  the sound of a blow or sudden thud 猛打或突然撞击的声音 2  the regular pulsing sound of a helicopter rotor 直升飞机的螺旋桨发出的有规律的声音 [Middle English: variant of dialect wap, of unknown origin]

whopper /ˈwɒpə/ n. slang [俚语]  1  something big of its kind (同类中的)大个；庞然大物 2  a blatant or gross lie 弥天大谎

whopping /ˈwɒpiŋ/ adj. slang  very big [俚语]特大的  a whopping lie  特大谎言 a whopping fish  一条特大的鱼

whore /hɔ:/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a prostitute 妓女 2 derog.  a promiscuous woman [贬]乱搞男女关系的女人，淫妇 ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a man) use the services of prostitutes (指男人)嫖娼，嫖妓b  work as a prostitute 卖淫，当妓女c  live promiscuously 乱搞男女关系 2 tr.  prostitute (a person or oneself) 使(某人或自己)卖淫 3 intr. (foll. by 后跟 after) archaic  commit idolatry or iniquity [古义]崇拜偶像或追求邪恶的东西 □ whoredom  n.  □ whorer  n.   [Old English hōre, from Germanic]

whorehouse /ˈhɔ:haʊs/ n.  a brothel 妓院

whoremaster /ˈhɔ:mɑ:stə/ n. archaic [古义]  = WHOREMONGER 

whoremonger /ˈhɔ:mʌŋɡə/ n. archaic  a person who has dealings with whores [古义]嫖客；拉皮条者；为妓女拉客者；妓院老板

whoreson /ˈhɔ:s(ə)n/ n. archaic [古义]  1  a disliked person 无赖，恶棍 2 (作 attrib.) (of a person or thing) vile 下流的；卑鄙的；可耻的(人或事)

whorish /ˈhɔ:riʃ/ adj.  of or like a whore 妓女的；像妓女的 □ whorishly  adv.  □ whorishness  n.  

whorl /wɔ:l, wɜ:l/ n.  1  a ring of leaves or other organs round a stem of a plant 轮，轮生体(环生于植物茎部的叶或其他器官) 2  one turn of a spiral, esp. on a shell 螺纹，尤指(螺壳的)壳阶 3  a complete circle in a fingerprint (指纹的)涡 4 archaic  a small wheel on a spindle steadying its motion [古义] (纺线用的)锭盘 □ whorled  adj.   [Middle English wharwyl, whorwil, apparently a variant of WHIRL: influenced by wharve = whorl of a spindle]

whortleberry /ˈwɜ:t(ə)lberi/ n. (pl. -ies)  a bilberry 欧洲越橘 [16th c.: dialect form of Middle English hurtleberry, of unknown origin]

whose /hu:z/ pron. & det. ●pron.  of or belonging to which person 谁的  whose is this book?  这本书是谁的？ ●det.  of whom or which 哪个人的，谁的  whose book is this?  这是谁的书？ the man, whose name was Tim  那个叫吉姆的人 the house whose roof was damaged  那座屋顶被毁了的房子

whoseso archaic [古义] poss.  of WHOSO 

whosesoever poss.  of WHOSOEVER  

whosever poss.  of WHOEVER  

whoso /ˈhu:səʊ/ pron. (obj. whomso /ˈhu:m-/; poss. whoseso /ˈhu:z-/) archaic [古义]  = WHOEVER  [Middle English, = WHO + SO1, from Old English swɑˉ hwɑˉ swɑˉ]

whosoever /hu:səʊˈevə/ pron. (obj. whomsoever /hu:m-/; poss. whosesoever /hu:z-/) archaic [古义]  = WHOEVER 

who's who n.  1  who or what each person is 谁是谁，各人的身份或情况  know who's who  知道谁是谁 2  a list or directory with facts about notable persons 名人录；名人词典

whump /wʌmp, wʊmp/ n. & v. ●n.  a dull thud “嘭！”等低沉的重击声 ●v.  1 intr.  make such a sound; thump, bang 发出重击声(砰砰声等) 2 tr.  strike heavily with a whump (发出低沉声响的)重击 [imitative]

why /wai/ adv., int. & n. ●adv.  1  a  for what reason or purpose 为什么原因或目的  why did you do it?  你为什么做这种事？ I do not know why you came  我不知道你为什么来b  on what grounds 基于什么，根据什么  why do you say that?  你为什么那么说？ 2 (prec. by 前接 reason etc.)  for which 为什么，…的理由，之所以  the reasons why I did it  我之所以这样做的原因 ●int. expressing 表示 :  1  surprised discovery or recognition 惊讶地发现(或认出)  why, it's you!  哎呀，是你！ 2  impatience 不耐烦  why, of course I do!  什么话，我当然干！ 3  reflection 反省，深思  why, yes, I think so  嗯，是的，我是这么认为 4  objection 反对  why, what is wrong with it?  什么？这有什么问题？ ●n. (pl. whys)  a reason or explanation (esp. 尤用于 whys and wherefores) 原因；解释 □ why so?   on what grounds; for what reason or purpose 有什么根据？为什么这样？ [Old English hwī, hwyˉ, instrumental of hwœt WHAT, from Germanic]

whydah /ˈwidə/ n. (also 亦作 whidah)  1  any small African weaver-bird of the genus Vidua, the male having mainly black plumage and tail feathers of great length 维达鸟 2  = WIDOW-BIRD 1  [originally widow-bird, altered from association with Whidah (now Ouidah), a town in Benin]

WI abbr. [缩略]  1  West Indies  2 Brit.  Women's Institute [英]妇女协会 3 US  Wisconsin (in official postal use) [美]威斯康星州(正式邮政用语)

Wicca /ˈwikə/ n.  the religious cult of modern witchcraft 对现代巫术的宗教崇拜 □ Wiccan  adj. & n.   [Old English wicca WITCH1]

wick1 /wik/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a strip or thread of fibrous or spongy material feeding a flame with fuel in a candle, lamp, etc. 灯芯；烛芯 2 Surgery  a gauze strip inserted in a wound to drain it 【外科】(伤口引流用的)纱布条 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away) esp. N. Amer.  absorb or draw off (liquid) by capillary action [尤北美]通过毛细作用吸收或带走(液体) □ dip one's wick  coarse slang (of a man) have sexual intercourse [粗俗俚语] (男子)性交□ get on a person's wick  Brit. colloq.  annoy a person [英口]使某人生气(或恼怒) [Old English wēoce, -wēoc, of unknown origin (cf. Middle Dutch wiecke, Middle Low German wēke)]

wick2 /wik/ n. dial. except in compounds e.g. bailiwick, and in place names e.g. Hampton Wick, Warwick [方]除用于构成复合词(如 : bailiwick 职权范围)和地名(如 : Hampton Wick 汉普顿里克， Warwick 沃里克)之外  1  a town, hamlet, or district 城镇；小村庄；地区 2  a dairy farm 乳牛场 [Old English wīc, probably via Germanic from Latin vicus ‘street, village’]

wicked /ˈwikid/ adj. (wickeder, wickedest)  1  sinful, iniquitous, given to or involving immorality 有罪的；邪恶的；不道德的 2  spiteful, ill-tempered; intending or intended to give pain 恶意的；坏脾气的；意欲造成痛苦的 3  playfully malicious 恶作剧的 4 colloq.  foul; very bad; formidable [口]令人不快的；极坏的；可怕的  wicked weather  可怕的天气 a wicked cough  严重的咳嗽 5 slang  excellent, remarkable [俚语]极好的；非凡的 □ wickedly  adv.  □ wickedness  n.   [Middle English from obsolete wick (perhaps adjectival use of Old English wicca ‘wizard’) + -ED1 as in wretched]

Wicked Bible n.  an edition of the Bible of 1631, with the misprinted commandment ‘thou shalt commit adultery’ 《邪恶圣经》(指 1631 年版的基督教《圣经》，因把“你们不得通奸”这条诫律中的“不”漏掉而得名)

wicker /ˈwikə/ n.  plaited twigs or osiers etc. as material for chairs, baskets, mats, etc. 编结的枝条或柳条等(作编织椅子、篮子、垫子等的材料) [Middle English, from East Scandinavian: cf. Swedish viker ‘willow’, related to vika ‘bend’]

wickerwork /ˈwikəwɜ:k/ n.  1  wicker 柳条 2  things made of wicker 柳条制品

wicket /ˈwikit/ n.  1 Cricket 【板球】  a  a set of three stumps with the bails in position defended by a batsman 三柱门b  the ground between two wickets 两个三柱门之间的场地c  the state of this 场地的状况  a slow wicket  球弹起慢的场地d  a pair of batsmen batting at the same time 同时击球的一对球员  a third-wicket partnership  第三对击球员 2 (in full 全称 wicket-door or -gate)  a small door or gate esp. beside or in a larger one or closing the lower part only of a doorway 小门，边门，便门(尤指在大门边或在大门上附设的小门) 3 US  an aperture in a door or wall usu. closed with a sliding panel [美]门或墙上的小窗口(尤指带滑动面板的) 4 US  a croquet hoop [美] (槌球戏中的)拱门 □ at the wicket  Cricket 【板球】  1  batting 击球 2  by the wicketkeeper 在守门员旁边  caught at the wicket  被守门员接住□ keep wicket  Cricket  be a wicketkeeper 【板球】当守门员□ on a good (or sticky) wicket  colloq.  in a favourable (or unfavourable) position [口]处境有利(或不利)□ take a wicket  Cricket (of a bowler) dismiss a batsman, get a batsman out 【板球】(指投球手)使一个击球员出局 [Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French wiket, variant of Old French guichet, of uncertain origin]

wicketkeeper /ˈwikitki:pə/ n. Cricket  the fieldsman stationed close behind a batsman's wicket, usu. equipped with gloves and pads 【板球】三柱门守门员(通常戴着手套和护垫) □ wicketkeeping  n.  

wickiup /ˈwikiʌp/ n.  an American Indian hut of a frame covered with grass etc. (美印第安人住的)草棚 [Algonquian]

widdershins /ˈwidəʃinz/ adv. (also 亦作 withershins /ˈwið-/) esp. Sc.  in a direction contrary to the sun's course (considered as unlucky); anticlockwise (opp. 反义 DEASIL) [尤苏格兰]逆太阳运行方向地(常被看作不吉利)；逆时针 [Middle Low German weddersins from Middle High German widdersinnes, from wider ‘against’ + sin ‘direction’]

wide /waid/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  a  measuring much or more than other things of the same kind across or from side to side 宽的，宽阔的b  considerable; more than is needed 相当大(或宽)的；过于…的  a wide margin  宽(页)边 2 (following a measurement) in width (跟在度量单位后)…宽  a metre wide  1 米宽 3  extending far; embracing much; of great extent 广大的；渊博的；广泛的  has a wide range  有很广的范围 has wide experience  有丰富的经验 reached a wide public  赢得广大公众 4  not tight or close or restricted; loose 宽大的；宽松的 5  a Brit.  free, liberal; unprejudiced [英]自由的；不拘泥的；无偏见的  takes wide views  听取广泛的意见b  not specialized; general 非专门化的；一般的 6  open to the full extent 完全张开的  staring with wide eyes  睁大眼睛注视着 7  a (foll. by 后跟 of)  not within a reasonable distance of 差得远的b  at a considerable distance from a point or mark 远离某个点或目标的 8 Brit. slang  shrewd; skilled in sharp practice [英] [俚语]精明的；狡猾的 9 (in comb. 用于复合词)  extending over the whole of 全…范围的；遍及…的  nationwide  全国范围 ●adv.  1  widely 广阔的；广大的；广泛地；普遍地 2  to the full extent 充分地；张大地  wide awake  完全醒着 3  far from the target etc. 远离目标等地  is shooting wide  射得离目标很远 ●n.  1 Cricket  a ball judged to pass the wicket beyond the batsman's reach and so scoring a run 【板球】坏球，歪球(被判远离击球员而送掉一分) 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  the wide world 大千世界 □ give a wide berth to   see 见 BERTH □ wide of the mark   see 见 MARK1 □ wideness  n.  □ widish  adj.   [Old English wīd (adj.), wīde (adv.), from Germanic]

wide-angle attrib. adj. (of a lens) having a short focal length and hence a field covering a wide angle (指镜头)广角的

wide awake adj.  1  fully awake 完全醒着的 2 colloq.  wary, knowing [口]机警的；敏锐的

wideawake /ˈwaidəweik/ n.  a soft felt hat with a low crown and wide brim 低顶宽边软毡帽 [punningly named as not having a nap (see NAP1 n., NAP2 n. 1)]

wide ball n. Cricket 【板球】  = WIDEn. 1 

wide boy n. Brit. slang  a man skilled in dishonest practices; a spiv [英] [俚语]靠施展欺骗手段过日子的人；小流氓，痞子

wide-eyed adj.  surprised or naive 因惊讶而睁大眼睛的；天真的

widely /ˈwaidli/ adv.  1  to a wide extent; far apart 广阔地；远离地  widely spaced  留很大间距 2  extensively 广博地；广泛地  widely read  博览群书 widely distributed  分布范围广 3  by many people 普遍地  it is widely thought that  普遍的看法是… widely accepted  被广泛接受 4  considerably; to a large degree 相当地；在很大程度上  holds a widely different view  持有截然不同的观点

widen /ˈwaid(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become wider 加宽；变宽 □ widener  n.  

wide open adj.  1  open wide 大开的，敞开的 2  stretching over an outdoor expanse 开阔的，辽阔的  wide open spaces  开阔的空地 3 (esp. of a contest) of which the outcome is not predictable (尤指竞争)结果不能预知的 4 (作 predic.: often foll. by 常后跟 to)  exposed or vulnerable (esp. to attack) (尤指对攻击)无保护的；难防御的

wide-ranging adj.  covering an extensive range 覆盖范围大的

wide receiver n. Amer. Football  a player who receives the ball in a long pass from the quarterback 【美式橄榄球】边接应队员(从四分位处接传球的队员)

wide-screen attrib. adj.  designed with or for a screen presenting a wide field of vision in relation to its height (电影)宽银幕

widespread /ˈwaidspred, -ˈspred/ adj.  widely distributed or disseminated 分布(或散布)广泛的

wide world n. (prec. by 前接 the)  all the world great as it is 大千世界，茫茫人世

widgeon var.  of WIGEON  WIGEON 的变体

widget /ˈwidʒit/ n. colloq.  any gadget or device [口]小装置，小机械 [perhaps an alteration of GADGET]

widow /ˈwidəʊ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a woman who has lost her husband by death and has not married again 寡妇 2  a woman whose husband is often away on a specified activity 活寡妇(指因丈夫沉溺于某种爱好而被经常弃留家中的女人)  golf widow  高尔夫球活寡妇 3  extra cards dealt separately and taken by the highest bidder 守寡牌(牌戏中留在桌面供叫牌人使用的牌) 4 Printing  the short last line of a paragraph at the top of a page or column 【印刷】上页多出转至下页的短行 ●v. tr.  1  make into a widow or widower 使成寡妇(或鳏夫) 2 (as 作 widowed adj.)  bereft by the death of a spouse 丧偶的  my widowed mother  我的寡母 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  deprive of 夺去… [Old English widewe, related to Old High German wituwa, Sanskrit vidhɑˊvɑˉ, Latin viduus ‘bereft, widowed’, Greek ēitheos ‘unmarried man’]

widow-bird /ˈwidəʊbɜ:d/ n.  1  a weaver-bird of the genus Euplectes; also called whydah 寡妇鸟 2  = WHYDAH 1  [from the black plumage of the male, which resembles mourning dress]

widower /ˈwidəʊə/ n.  a man who has lost his wife by death and has not married again 鳏夫

widowhood /ˈwidəʊhʊd/ n.  the state or period of being a widow 孀居，守寡

widow's cruse n.  an apparently small supply that proves or seems inexhaustible (see 1 Kings 17:1016) 寡妇的坛子(喻看起来不多却实际取之不竭的资源) (见《圣经·列王纪上》 17:1016)

widow's mite n.  a small money contribution (see Mark 12:42) 寡妇的少量捐献(喻少而可贵) (见《圣经·马可福音》 12:42)

widow's peak n.  a V-shaped growth of hair towards the centre of the forehead 额前 V 型发尖(旧时认为预示早寡)

widow's weeds  see 见 WEEDS 

width /witθ, widθ/ n.  1  measurement or distance from side to side 宽度，阔度 2  a large extent 广度；广阔；大范围 3  breadth or liberality of thought, views, etc. (思维、视角等)开阔 4  a strip of material of full width as woven (布匹的)幅宽 □ widthways  adv.  □ widthwise  adv.   [17th c. (as WIDE, -TH2, on the pattern of breadth) replacing wideness]

wield /wi:ld/ v. tr.  1  hold and use (a weapon or tool) 挥；操；使用；掌握(武器或工具) 2  exert or command (power or authority etc.) 行使；运用(权力、权威等) □ wielder  n.   [Old English wealdan, wieldan, from Germanic]

wieldy /ˈwi:ldi/ adj. (wieldier, wieldiest)  easily wielded, controlled, or handled 易使用的；易控制的；易掌握的；易处理的

wiener /ˈwi:nə/ n. N. Amer. [北美] (also colloq. [亦口] wienie, weenie /ˈwi:ni/)  1  a frankfurter or frankfurter-style sausage 维也纳香肠，法兰克福香肠 2 coarse slang [粗俗俚语]  a  the penis 阳物，阴茎b derog. (as a term of contempt) a man [贬] (一种侮辱性的话)男人 [German, abbreviation of Wienerwurst ‘Vienna sausage’]

Wiener schnitzel /ˈvi:nə/ n.  a breaded, fried, and garnished schnitzel 维也纳炸小牛排

wife /waif/ n. (pl. wives /waivz/)  1  a married woman esp. in relation to her husband 已婚女子，(尤指)妻子 2 archaic  a woman, esp. an old or uneducated one [古义]妇女(尤指年老或没文化的) 3 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a woman engaged in a specified activity 从事某一专门活动的女人  fishwife  卖鱼妇 housewife  家庭主妇 midwife  助产士 □ have (or take) to wife  archaic  marry (a woman) [古义]娶某人为妻□ wifehood  n.  □ wifeless  adj.  □ wifelike  adj.  □ wifely  adj.  □ wifeliness  n.  □ wifish  adj.   [Old English wīf ‘woman’: ultimate origin unknown]

wife-swapping n. colloq.  the practice of exchanging wives for sexual relations [口]集体易妻奸淫

wig1 /wiɡ/ n.  an artificial head of hair esp. to conceal baldness or as a disguise, or worn by a judge or barrister or as period dress 假发(尤指为掩饰秃顶或化装，或法官或大律师所戴的，或作为某一时期的服装) □ wigged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ wigless  adj.   [abbreviation of PERIWIG: cf. WINKLE]

wig2 /wiɡ/ v. tr. (wigged, wigging) colloq.  rebuke sharply; rate [口]严厉斥责；申斥 [apparently from WIG1 in 19th c. slang or colloq. sense ‘rebuke’]

wigeon /ˈwidʒ(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 widgeon)  a species of dabbling duck, esp. Anas penelope or Anas americana 野鸭；赤颈鸭 [16th c.: origin uncertain]

wigging /ˈwiɡiŋ/ n. Brit. colloq.  a reprimand [英口]严斥，申斥

wiggle /ˈwiɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. intr. & tr.  move or cause to move quickly from side to side etc. (使)扭动；摆动 ●n.  1  an act of wiggling 摆动；扭动 2  a kink in a line etc. (绳子等的)扭结；弯曲 □ wiggler  n.   [Middle English from Middle Low German & Middle Dutch wiggelen]

wiggly /ˈwiɡli/ adj. (wigglier, wiggliest) colloq. [口]  1  moving with a wiggle 摆动的；扭动的 2  having small irregular undulations or bends 波动的；起伏的，弯曲的

wight /wait/ n. archaic  a person [古义]人  wretched wight  可怜的人 [Old English wiht = thing, creature, of unknown origin]

wigwag /ˈwiɡwæɡ/ v. intr. (wigwagged, wigwagging) colloq. [口]  1  move lightly to and fro 轻轻摇动；摆动 2  wave flags in this way in signalling 摇动手旗打信号 [reduplication of WAG1]

wigwam /ˈwiɡwæm/ n.  1  a N. American Indian's domed hut or tent of skins, mats, or bark on poles; (loosely) a tepee (北美印第安人用兽皮、草席或树皮在几根木棍上搭成的)棚屋；(泛指)圆顶帐篷 2  a similar structure for children etc. (类似结构的)儿童棚屋等 [Ojibwa wigwaum, Algonquian wikiwam ‘their house’]

Wilbur /ˈwilbə/   威尔伯 [人名]

wilco /ˈwilkəʊ/ int. colloq.  expressing compliance or agreement, esp. acceptance of instructions received by radio [口] (尤用于表示接受收到的无线电指令)照办；同意；遵办 [abbreviation of will comply]

wild /waild/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1 (of an animal or plant) in its original natural state; not domesticated or cultivated (esp. of species or varieties allied to others that are not wild) (指动物或植物)野生的；天然出产的；未教化的；未经栽培的(尤指同非野生的物种或品种有关联的) 2  not civilized; barbarous 未开化的；野蛮的 3 (of scenery etc.) having a conspicuously desolate appearance (指风景等)荒凉的；荒芜的 4  unrestrained, disorderly, uncontrolled 没有节制的；放浪不羁的；杂乱的；不受控制的  a wild youth  放荡的青年 wild hair  蓬乱的头发 5  tempestuous, violent 狂暴的；暴风雨的；猛烈的  a wild night  暴风雨之夜 6  a  intensely eager; excited, frantic 苦苦渴望的；极为激动的；狂热的  wild with excitement  兴奋若狂 wild delight  狂喜b (of looks, appearance, etc.) indicating distraction (指表情、外表等)心不在焉的c (foll. by 后跟 about) colloq.  enthusiastically devoted to (a person or subject) [口]深爱…的；热衷…的 7 colloq.  infuriated, angry [口]激怒的；生气的  makes me wild  让我生气 8  haphazard, ill-aimed, rash 偶然的；目标不明的；轻率的  a wild guess  胡乱猜测 a wild shot  一颗流弹 a wild venture  轻率的冒险 9 (of a horse, game bird, etc.) shy; easily startled (马、猎鸟等)胆怯的；易受惊的 10 colloq.  exciting, delightful [口]令人激动的；使人欣喜的 11 (of a card) having any rank chosen by the player holding it (指纸牌)百搭的  the joker is wild  王是百搭 ●adv.  in a wild manner 胡乱地；漫无目的地  shooting wild  乱射 ●n.  1  a wild tract 偏僻地区 2  a desert 沙漠 □ in the wild   in an uncultivated etc. state 处于未开垦等状态□ in (or out in) the wilds  colloq.  far from normal habitation [口]偏僻的，远离城镇的□ run wild   grow or stray unchecked or undisciplined 到处滋蔓；失去约束□ wild and woolly   uncouth; lacking refinement 粗野的；野蛮的□ wildish  adj.  □ wildly  adv.  □ wildness  n.   [Old English wilde, from Germanic]

wild arum n.  cuckoo pint 天南星(一种植物)

wild boar  see 见 BOAR 

wild card n.  1  see 见 WILD adj. 11  2 Computing  a character that will match any character or sequence of characters in a file name etc. 【计算】通配符 3 Sport  an extra player or team chosen to enter a competition at the selectors' discretion 【运动】(获得名次的合格队之外由赛事组织者另行选定参加夺标决赛的)参赛队或选手

wildcat /ˈwail(d)kæt/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a hot-tempered or violent person 脾气暴躁的人；凶悍的人 2  any of various smallish non-domesticated animals of the cat family, esp. (usu. 通常作 wild cat) Felis sylvestris of Eurasia and Africa, with a grey and black coat and a bushy tail, or (US) a bobcat 野猫(尤指欧亚大陆和非洲的豹猫，表皮灰黑相间，尾巴毛绒绒的，或美国山猫) 3  an exploratory oil well 初探的油井，“野猫”井 ●adj. (作 attrib.)  1 esp. US  reckless; financially unsound [尤美]轻率的；财政上不可靠的 2 (of a strike) sudden and unofficial (指罢工)突然且未经官方(或工会)批准的

wild-caught attrib. adj. (of an animal) caught in and taken from the wild (指动物)从野生状态捉来的

wildebeest /ˈwildəbi:st, ˈvi-/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or wildebeests)  = GNU  [Afrikaans (as WILD, BEAST)]

wilder /ˈwildə/ v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  lead astray 使入迷途 2  bewilder 使迷惑(或困惑) [perhaps based on WILDERNESS]

wilderness /ˈwildənis/ n.  1  a desert; an uncultivated and uninhabited region 荒漠；荒无人烟的地区 2  part of a garden left with an uncultivated appearance (花园中)草木丛生的地方 3 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a confused assemblage of things 一大堆杂乱事物 □ in the wilderness  Brit.  out of political office [英] (政治家或政党)在野的，不当政的□ voice in the wilderness   an unheeded advocate of reform (see Matt. 3:3 etc.) 无人理睬的改革的呼声(见《马太福音》 3:3 等) [Old English wildēornes from wild dēor ‘wild deer’]

wildfire /ˈwail(d)faiə/ n.  1 hist.  a combustible liquid, esp. Greek fire, formerly used in warfare [史义] (旧时用于战争的)可燃液体(尤指希腊火) 2  = WILL-O'-THE-WISP  □ spread like wildfire   spread with great speed 野火般蔓延；非常快地蔓延(或传播)

wildfowl /ˈwail(d)faʊl/ n. (pl. same 单复同) (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a game bird, esp. an aquatic one 猎鸟(尤指水生的野禽)

wild-goose chase n.  a foolish or hopeless and unproductive quest 愚蠢的或毫无希望的追寻；徒劳之举

wild horse n.  1  a horse not domesticated or broken in 野马；未驯服的马 2 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  even the most powerful influence etc. [口]即使是最强有力的影响等  wild horses would not drag the secret from me  什么人也休想从我这里探得秘密

wild hyacinth n.  = BLUEBELL 1 

wilding1 /ˈwaildiŋ/ n. US slang  the activity or an instance of going on a violent rampage through the streets in a group [美] [俚语] (成群结队在大街上或人群中横冲直撞的)胡闹

wilding2 /ˈwaildiŋ/ n. (also 亦作 wildling /-liŋ/)  1  a plant sown by natural agency, esp. a wild crab apple 野生植物，(尤指)野山楂 2  the fruit of such a plant 野生植物的果实 [WILD + -ING3]

wildlife /ˈwail(d)laif/ n.  wild animals collectively (总称)野生动物

wild man of the woods n. colloq.  an orang-utan [口]猩猩

wild oat n.  a grass, Avena fatua, related to the cultivated oat and found as a weed in cornfields 野燕麦 □ sow one's wild oats   see 见 OAT 

wild rice n.  any tall grass of the genus Zizania, yielding edible grains 菰，菰米

wild silk n.  1  silk from wild silkworms 野蚕丝，柞蚕丝 2  an imitation of this from short silk fibres 仿野蚕丝

wild type n. Genetics  a strain or characteristic which prevails in natural conditions, as distinct from an atypical mutant 【遗传学】野生体或野生型(指生物体在自然条件下生长的，有别于非典型突变体的形态)

Wild West n.  the western US in a time of lawlessness in its early history 蛮荒的西部(早先拓荒时代没有法纪的美国西部地区)

wildwood /ˈwaildwʊd/ n. poet.  uncultivated or unfrequented woodland [诗]自然林，原始林

wile /wail/ n. & v. ●n. (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a stratagem; a trick or cunning procedure 诡计，奸计；把戏 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 away, into, etc.)  lure or entice 引诱，诱惑 [Middle English wīl, perhaps from an Old Norse word related to vél ‘craft’]

Wilfred /ˈwilfrid/   威尔弗里德 [人名]

Wilfrid /ˈwilfrid/   威尔弗里德 [人名]

wilful /ˈwilfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (US [美] willful)  1 (of an action or state) intentional, deliberate (指行为或状态)故意做的；特意的  wilful murder  蓄意谋杀 wilful neglect  故意玩忽职守 wilful disobedience  故意违抗 2 (of a person) obstinate, headstrong (指人)倔强的，固执的，任性的 □ wilfully  adv.  □ wilfulness  n.   [Middle English, from WILL2 + -FUL]

wilga /ˈwilɡə/ n. Austral.  a small tree of the genus Geijera, with white flowers [澳]盖节拉木(一种开白花的小树) [Wiradhuri wilgar]

wiliness  see 见 WILY 

Will /wil/   威尔 [人名]

will1 /wil/ v. aux. & tr. (3rd sing. present will; past would /wʊd/) (foll. by 后跟 infin. without to, or absol. [含宾]; present and past only in use 只用于现在和过去时)  1 (in the 2nd and 3rd persons, and often in the 1st 用于第二、三人称，也常用于第一人称 : see 见 SHALL)  expressing the future tense in statements, commands, or questions 用于陈述、命令、疑问的将来时态  you will regret this  你将为此而后悔 they will leave at once  他们马上就走 will you go to the party?  你去参加晚会吗？ 2 (in the 1st person 用于第一人称)  expressing a wish or intention 表示愿望或意图  I will return soon  我很快就回来 3  expressing desire, consent, or inclination 表示想望、同意、倾向  will you have a sandwich?  你想要个三明治吗？ come when you will  你想什么时候来就来 the door will not open  这门经常不开 4  expressing a request as a question 表示请求、要求  will you please open the window?  请你打开窗户好吗？ 5  expressing ability or capacity 表示能力或容量  the jar will hold a kilo  这罐能盛 1 公斤 6  expressing habitual or inevitable tendency 表示习惯的或必然的趋势  accidents will happen  意外事故是不可避免的 will sit there for hours  经常一连几小时坐在那儿 7  expressing probability or expectation 表示可能性或期待  that will be my wife  她将成为我的妻子 □ will do  colloq.  expressing willingness to carry out a request [口] (表示愿意按要求去做)好的，行 [Old English wyllan from Germanic: related to Latin volo]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SHALL. 见 SHALL 的用法说明。 

will2 /wil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the faculty by which a person decides or is regarded as deciding on and initiating action 意志  the mind consists of the understanding and the will  人的头脑是由理解力和意志构成的 2 (also 亦作 will-power)  control exercised by deliberate purpose over impulse; self-control 意志力；自制力  has a strong will  有坚强的意志力 overcame his shyness by will-power  他以意志力战胜了自己的胆怯 3  a deliberate or fixed desire or intention 决心；毅力  a will to live  生存的决心(或毅力) 4  energy of intention; the power of effecting one's intentions or dominating others 干劲；意愿；实现个人目的或支配他人的能力 5  directions (usu. written) in legal form for the disposition of one's property after death (通常为书面的)遗嘱  make one's will  立遗嘱 6  disposition towards others (对待人的)心意，心地  good will  好心，好意 7 archaic  what one desires or ordains [古义]意旨；命令  thy will be done  您的意愿已完成 ●v. tr.  1  have as the object of one's will; intend unconditionally 想要；愿  what God wills  上帝的旨意 willed that we should succeed  愿我们成功 2 (absol. [含宾])  exercise will-power 决意；决定 3  instigate or impel or compel by the exercise of will-power 用意志力鼓动、激励、迫使  you can will yourself into contentment  你可以让自己满意 4  bequeath by the terms of a will 立遗嘱言明；遗赠  shall will my money to charity  将立遗嘱把我的钱捐赠给慈善事业 □ at will   1  whenever one pleases 任意；随意 2 Law  able to be evicted without notice 【法律】可不预先通知而收回租房，赶出客屋  tenant at will  无书面租约的房客(房主可随时收回租房)□ have one's will   obtain what one wants 遂愿□ what is your will?   what do you wish done 你的志向是什么？□ where there's a will there's a way   determination will overcome any obstacle 有志者事竟成□ a will of one's own   obstinacy; wilfulness of character 倔强；固执；任性□ with the best will in the world   however good one's intentions 不管用意多好□ with a will   energetically or resolutely 精神饱满的；坚定的□ willed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ willer  n.  □ will-less  adj.   [Old English willa, from Germanic]

willet /ˈwilit/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a large N. American wader, Catoptophorus semipalmatus 白羽鹬(一种北美涉禽，体大) [pill-will-willet, imitative of its cry]

willful US var.  of WILFUL [美] WILFUL 的变体

William /ˈwiljəm/   威廉 [人名]

willie var.  of WILLY  WILLY 的变体

willies /ˈwiliz/ n. pl. colloq.  nervous discomfort (esp. 尤用于 give or get the willies) [口]紧张不安；心惊肉跳 [19th c.: origin unknown]

willing /ˈwiliŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  ready to consent or undertake 愿意的；准备承担的  a willing ally  志愿同盟国 am willing to do it  我愿意做这事 2  given or done etc. by a willing person 出于自愿的，志愿的  willing hands  志愿者 willing help  自愿的帮助 ●n.  cheerful intention 愿意；乐意  show willing  表示愿意 □ willingly  adv.  □ willingness  n.  

will-o'-the-wisp /wiləðəˈwisp/ n.  1  a phosphorescent light seen on marshy ground, perhaps resulting from the combustion of gases (在沼泽地看到的)磷火，鬼火(可能由沼气燃烧引起) 2  an elusive person 捉摸不透的人 3  a delusive hope or plan 虚幻的希望；不可靠的计划 [originally Will with the wisp: wisp = handful of (lighted) hay etc.]

willow /ˈwiləʊ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 willow tree)  a tree or shrub of the genus Salix, growing usu. near water in temperate climates, with small flowers borne on catkins, and pliant branches yielding osiers and timber for cricket bats, baskets, etc. 柳，柳树(温带乔木或灌木，通常近水生长，葇荑花序，枝条柔软可编结，木材可制板球棒等) 2  a cricket bat 板球棒 [Old English welig, from Germanic]

willow grouse n. (also N. Amer. [亦北美] willow ptarmigan)  a common European and N. American grouse, Lagopus lagopus, with brown breeding plumage and white winter plumage 雷鸟(欧洲和北美松鸡)

willowherb /ˈwiləʊhɜ:b/ n.  any plant of the genus Epilobium etc., esp. one with leaves like a willow and pale purple flowers 柳叶菜(叶似柳叶且开淡紫花)

willow-pattern n.  a conventional design representing a Chinese scene, often with a willow tree, of blue on white porcelain, stoneware, or earthenware 柳景图案(一种传统的表现中国景色的图案，常在白色的瓷器或陶器上有一株蓝色的柳树)

willow tit n.  a Eurasian black-capped tit, Parus montanus 褐头山雀

willow warbler n. (also 亦作 willow wren)  a small woodland bird, Phylloscopus trochilus, with a tuneful song 柳莺

willowy /ˈwiləʊi/ adj.  1  having or bordered by willows 柳树多的；柳树成荫的 2  lithe and slender 柔软而苗条的

will-power n. var.  of WILL2 n. 2 WILL2 名词释义 2 的变体

Willy /ˈwili/   威利 [人名]

willy /ˈwili/ n. (also 亦作 willie) (pl. -ies) Brit. slang  the penis [英] [俚语] (儿语)小鸡鸡 [pet form of the name William]

willy-nilly /wiliˈnili/ adv. & adj. ●adv.  whether one likes it or not 不管愿意不愿意，无可奈何地 ●adj.  existing or occurring willy-nilly 不管愿意不愿意的；不容分辩的；无可选择的 [later spelling of will I, nill I ‘I am willing, I am unwilling’]

willy wagtail n.  1  an Australian flycatcher, Rhipidura leucophrys, of the family Monarchidae, with striking black and white plumage (澳洲产)鹡鸰扇尾鹟 2 dial.  a pied wagtail [方]杂色鹡鸰

willy-willy /ˈwiliˌwili/ n. (pl. -ies) Austral.  a cyclone or dust storm [澳]旋风；沙漠旋风 [Yindjibarndi or Wemba-wemba]

wilt1 /wilt/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (of a plant, leaf, or flower) wither, droop (植物、树叶、花草等)枯萎，凋谢 2 intr. (of a person) lose one's energy, flag, tire, droop (人)失去活力；垂头丧气；委靡不振 3 tr.  cause to wilt 使枯萎；使颓丧 ●n.  a plant disease causing wilting (植物的)萎蔫病 [originally dialect: perhaps an alteration of wilk, welk, of Low German or Dutch origin]

wilt2 /wilt/ archaic [古义] 2nd person sing.  of WILL1. 

Wilton /ˈwilt(ə)n/ n.  a kind of woven carpet 威尔顿织毯 [Wilton, a town in southern England, noted for the manufacture of carpets]

Wilts. /wilts/ abbr.  Wiltshire [缩略]威尔特郡

wily /ˈwaili/ adj. (wilier, wiliest)  full of wiles; crafty, cunning 诡计多端的；诡诈的；狡猾的 □ wilily  adv.  □ wiliness  n.  

wimp /wimp/ n. colloq.  a feeble or ineffectual person [口]懦弱或无能的家伙 □ wimpish  adj.  □ wimpishly  adv.  □ wimpishness  n.  □ wimpy  adj.   [20th c.: origin uncertain]

wimple /ˈwimp(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a linen or silk headdress covering the neck and the sides of the face, formerly worn by women and still worn by some nuns (旧时妇女和如今有些修女戴的)头巾 ●v. tr. & intr.  arrange or fall in folds 打成褶；起褶子 [Old English wimpel]

Wimpy /ˈwimpi/ n. (pl. Wimpys) Brit. propr.  a hamburger served in a plain bun [英] [商标]汉堡牛排三明治 [named after J. W. Wimpy, a character in the Popeye cartoon strip, frequently depicted eating a hamburger]

Wimshurst machine /ˈwimzhɜ:st/ n.  a device for generating an electric charge by turning glass discs in opposite directions 维姆胡斯特起电机(一种静电发电机) [named after J. Wimshurst, English engineer d. 1903]

win /win/ v. & n. ●v. (winning; past and past part. won /wʌn/)  1 tr.  acquire or secure as a result of a fight, contest, bet, litigation, or some other effort (通过斗争、竞争、打赌、诉讼或其他努力而)获得，赢得  won some money  赢了一些钱 won my admiration  赢得我的钦佩 2 tr.  be victorious in (a fight, game, race, etc.) 在(战斗、比赛、竞争等)中获胜 3 intr.  a  be the victor; win a race or contest etc. 得胜；赢(比赛或竞争等)  who won?  谁赢了？ persevere, and you will win  坚持下去，你就会胜利b (foll. by 后跟 through, free, etc.)  make one's way or become by successful effort (经过努力)成功；取得；成为 4 tr.  reach by effort (通过努力)抵达  win the summit  终于登上顶峰 win the shore  到达岸边 5 tr.  obtain (ore) from a mine 开采(矿石) 6 tr.  dry (hay etc.) by exposure to the air 把(草等)晒干 ●n.  a victory in a game, contest, bet, etc. (指比赛、竞争、打赌等的)胜利，赢 □ win the day   be victorious in battle, argument, etc. (在战斗、辩论等中)得胜；成功□ win over   persuade, gain the support of 说服；获得支持□ win one's spurs   1 colloq.  gain distinction or fame [口]获得荣誉或名声 2 hist.  gain a knighthood [史义]因功被封为骑士□ win through (or out)   overcome obstacles 克服障碍；战胜困难□ you can't win  colloq.  there is no way to succeed [口]你白费劲；你成功不了□ you can't win them all  colloq.  a resigned expression of consolation on failure [口] (用以对失败的安慰)你不可能事事都成功□ winnable  adj.   [Old English winnan ‘toil, endure’]

wince1 /wins/ n. & v. ●n.  a start or involuntary shrinking movement showing pain or distress (因痛苦、悲伤导致的)惊跳、退缩或不由自主的抽搐 ●v. intr.  give a wince 抽搐；惊跳；退缩 □ wincer  n.  □ wincingly  adv.   [Middle English from Old French guenchir ‘turn aside’]

wince2 /wins/ n. Brit.  a roller for moving textile fabric through a dyeing-vat [英] (染色机上的)六角盘 [variant of WINCH]

wincey /ˈwinsi/ n. (pl. winceys) Brit.  a strong lightweight fabric of wool and cotton or linen [英]棉毛或亚麻绒布 [originally Scots: apparently from woolsey in LINSEY-WOOLSEY]

winceyette /winsiˈet/ n. Brit.  a lightweight napped flannelette used esp. for nightclothes [英] (尤指做睡衣的)色织棉法兰绒

winch /win(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the crank of a wheel or axle (轮子或轮轴的)曲柄，摇柄 2  a windlass 卷扬机；绞盘 3 Brit.  the reel of a fishing rod [英] (钓鱼杆的)绕线轮 4  = WINCE2  ●v. tr.  lift with a winch 用卷扬机吊 □ wincher  n.   [Old English wince, from Germanic]

Winchester /ˈwintʃistə/ n.  1 propr.  a breech-loading repeating rifle [商标]温彻斯特连发步枪 2 (in full 全称 Winchester disk or drive) Computing  a (usu. fixed) disk drive in a sealed unit containing a high-capacity hard disk and the read-write heads (so called because its original numerical designation corresponded to that of the rifle's calibre) 【计算】温彻斯特磁盘驱动器(通常为固定的，包含一个高容量硬盘和读写磁头，其原设计编号恰与温彻斯特连发步枪口径相同，故得名) [named after O. F. Winchester d. 1880, US manufacturer of the rifle]

winchester /ˈwintʃistə/ n. Chem.  a cylindrical (usu. glass) bottle for transporting liquids 【化】温彻斯特细长瓶(运输液体用，通常为玻璃的) [originally applied to containers holding a bushel, gallon, or quart according to an obsolete system of measurement with standards kept at Winchester in Hampshire]

wind1 /wind/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  air in more or less rapid natural motion, esp. from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure 风b  a current of wind blowing from a specified direction or otherwise defined (定向或反方向吹来的)风；气流  north wind  北风 contrary wind  反方向的气流 2  a  breath as needed in physical exertion or in speech 气息，呼吸b  the power of breathing without difficulty while running or making a similar continuous effort 呼吸能力  let me recover my wind  让我喘喘气c  a spot below the centre of the chest where a blow temporarily paralyses breathing 胸口，心窝 3  mere empty words; meaningless rhetoric 空话；废话 4  gas generated in the bowels etc. by indigestion; flatulence 肠气；肠胃气胀 5  a  an artificially produced current of air, esp. for sounding an organ or other wind instrument (使风琴或其他管乐器发声的)气流b  air stored for use or used as a current 为形成气流贮存的气c  the wind instruments of an orchestra collectively (总称)管乐器  poor balance between wind and string  管乐器和弦乐器之间的不协调 6  a scent carried by the wind, indicating the presence or proximity of an animal etc. (风吹来的动物等的)气味 ●v. tr.  1  exhaust the wind of by exertion or a blow 使气急，使喘不上气 2  renew the wind of by rest 使喘口气  stopped to wind the horses  停下来让马喘口气 3  make breathe quickly and deeply by exercise (因锻炼而)使呼吸急促 4 Brit.  make (a baby) bring up wind after feeding [英]使(婴儿进食后)打嗝 5  detect the presence of by a scent 闻到，嗅到(气味) 6 /waind/ (past and past part. winded or wound /waʊnd/) poet.  sound (a bugle or call) by blowing [诗]吹响(军号或喇叭) □ before the wind   helped by the wind's force 顺风，借风力□ between wind and water   at a vulnerable point 在易受攻击的地方，在要害处□ close to (or near) the wind   1  sailing as nearly against the wind as is consistent with using its force 尽量迎风航行 2 colloq.  verging on indecency or dishonesty [口]近于下流或不诚实□ get wind of  colloq. [口]  1  smell out 闻出；探出 2  begin to suspect; hear a rumour of 开始怀疑；听到(某事的)传闻□ get (or have) the wind up  colloq.  be alarmed or frightened [口]惊慌；害怕□ how (or which way) the wind blows (or lies)   1  what is the state of opinion 舆论动向怎样 2  what developments are likely 事情的趋势如何□ in the wind   happening or about to happen 正在进行；即将发生□ in the wind's eye   directly against the wind 正顶着风□ like the wind   swiftly 极快的；像一阵风似的□ off the wind  Naut.  with the wind on the quarter 【海】顺风(航行)□ on a wind  Naut.  against a wind on either bow 【海】迎风(航行)□ on the wind  (of a sound or scent) carried by the wind (声响或气味)在风中传播□ put the wind up  colloq.  alarm or frighten [口]使害怕；使惊慌□ take wind   be rumoured; become known 被谣传；变得大家都知道□ take the wind out of a person's sails   frustrate a person by anticipating an action or remark etc. 先发制人；挫败某人□ to the winds (or four winds)   1  in all directions 四面八方 2  into a state of abandonment or neglect 全然不顾□ wind and weather   exposure to the effects of the elements 风吹雨淋□ wind (or winds) of change   a force or influence for reform 改革的力量(或影响)□ windless  adj.   [Old English from Germanic]

wind2 /waind/ v. & n. ●v. (past and past part. wound /waʊnd/)  1 intr.  go in a circular, spiral, curved, or crooked course 沿迂回的(或旋转的，弯曲的)路前进；采取迂回的手段  a winding staircase  旋转楼梯 the path winds up the hill  这条路盘旋上山 2 tr.  make (one's way) by such a course 使迂回前进；用迂回的手段获得；暗中引入  wind your way up to bed  绕着上床去吧 wound their way into our affections  他们转弯抹角地讨好我们 3 tr.  wrap closely; surround with or as with a coil 包；裹；拥抱  wound the blanket round me  把毯子裹在我身上 wound my arms round the child  用双臂抱住孩子 wound the child in my arms  把孩子搂在我怀里 4  a tr.  coil; provide with a coiled thread etc. 卷绕；用线缠绕  wind the ribbon on to the card  将丝带扎在卡片上 wound cotton on a reel  在线轴上绕线 winding wool into a ball  把毛线绕成团b intr.  coil; (of wool etc.) coil into a ball 卷绕；缠绕(毛线等)绕成了团  the creeper winds round the pole  蔓草缠住了柱子 the wool wound into a ball  毛线缠成了团 5 tr.  wind up (a clock etc.) (给钟等)上发条 6 tr.  hoist or draw with a windlass etc. 用绞车等吊起或拖曳  wound the cable car up the mountain  将缆车吊到山上 ●n.  1  a bend or turn in a course (道路等的)弯曲处，转弯处 2  a single turn when winding 一圈；一转 □ wind down   1  lower by winding (放线或转动曲柄)使逐步降低 2 (of a mechanism) unwind (指钟、表等的发条)完全松开 3 (of a person) relax (指人)松弛下来 4  draw gradually to a close 使逐步结束□ wind off   unwind (string, wool, etc.) 松开(弦、毛线等)□ wind round one's finger   see 见 FINGER □ wind up   1  coil the whole of (a piece of string etc.) 调紧(弦等) 2 esp. Brit.  tighten the coiling or coiled spring of (esp. a clock etc.) [尤英] (尤指给钟等)上紧发条 3  a colloq.  increase the tension or intensity of [口]使更加紧张或激烈  wound myself up to fever pitch  使自己极度兴奋b  irritate or provoke (a person) to the point of anger 激怒(某人) 4  bring to a conclusion; end 使结束  wound up his speech  结束他的讲话 5 Commerce 【商业】  a  arrange the affairs of and dissolve (a company) 清理业务并最后关闭(公司)b (of a company) cease business and go into liquidation (指公司)停业清理 6 colloq.  arrive finally; end in a specified state or circumstance [口]终于到达；以确定的状态(情况)告终  you'll wind up in prison  你会以进监狱而告终 wound up owing £ 100  最后还欠债 100 英镑□ wound up  adj. colloq. (of a person) excited or tense or angry [口] (指人)激动的；紧张的；愤怒的 [Old English windan from Germanic: related to WANDER, WEND]

windage /ˈwindidʒ/ n.  1  the friction of air against the moving part of a machine (机器转动部件等运动物体受到的)空气阻力 2  a  the effect of the wind in deflecting a missile (引起发射物偏差的)风力影响b  an allowance for this (发射时为抵消风力影响的)风力修正量 3  the difference between the diameter of a gun's bore and its projectile, allowing the escape of gas (枪炮内径和同口径弹壳外径间射击时让气体逸出的)游隙

windbag /ˈwin(d)bæɡ/ n. colloq.  a person who talks a lot but says little of any value [口]空话连篇的人

wind band n.  a group of wind instruments as a band or section of an orchestra 管乐队

windbound /ˈwin(d)baʊnd/ adj.  unable to sail because of contrary winds (因逆风)不能航行的

windbreak /ˈwin(d)breik/ n.  a thing, such as a row of trees, a fence, wall, or screen etc., serving to break the force of the wind 防风林；挡风墙；挡风篱；风障

windbreaker /ˈwin(d)breikə/ n. US [美]  = WINDCHEATER 

windburn /ˈwin(d)bɜ:n/ n.  inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to the wind (由吹风引起的)风吹性皮肤红肿

windcheater /ˈwin(d)tʃi:tə/ n. Brit.  a kind of wind-resistant outer jacket with close-fitting neck, cuffs, and lower edge [英]风衣；防风茄克(其领口、袖口和腰部通常都有松紧带)

wind-chill n.  the cooling effect of wind blowing on a surface 风寒指数

wind-cone n.  = WINDSOCK 

wind-down n. colloq.  a gradual lessening of excitement or reduction of activity [口] (激动情绪的)逐渐降低；(活动的)减少

winder /ˈwaində/ n. Brit.  a winding mechanism esp. of a clock or watch [英] (尤指钟、表的)上发条的装置

windfall /ˈwin(d)fɔ:l/ n.  1  an apple or other fruit blown to the ground by the wind 被风吹落的果子(苹果或其他水果) 2  a piece of unexpected good fortune, esp. a legacy 意外的好运(尤指意外获得的遗产)

wind farm n.  a group of energy-producing windmills or wind turbines 一组用以发电的风车或风力涡轮机

windflower /ˈwin(d)flaʊə/ n.  an anemone 秋牡丹；银莲花

wind force n.  the force of the wind esp. as measured on the Beaufort etc. scale 风力(尤指蒲福等风级所表明的风力)

wind gap n.  a dried-up former river valley through ridges or hills 旱峡，风口

wind-gauge n.  1  an anemometer 风力计；风速计 2  an apparatus attached to the sights of a gun enabling allowance to be made for the wind in shooting (枪炮射击瞄准器上的)风偏差调整计 3 Mus.  a device for indicating the wind pressure in an organ 【音】(风琴上的)风量计

Windhoek /ˈvinthuk/ n.  温得和克 [纳米比亚首都]

windhover /ˈwindhɒvə/ n. Brit.  a kestrel [英]红隼

winding /ˈwaindiŋ/ n.  1  in senses of WIND2 v. 用于 WIND2 的动词各释义 2  curved or sinuous motion or movement 弯曲、蜿蜒的运动或移动 3  a  a thing that is wound round or coiled 卷绕物(或卷绕材料)b Electr.  coils of wire as a conductor round an armature etc. 【电】线圈，绕组

winding engine n.  a machine for hoisting 卷扬机，提升机

winding-sheet n.  a sheet in which a corpse is wrapped for burial 裹尸布

wind instrument n.  a musical instrument in which sound is produced by a current of air, esp. the breath 管乐器，吹奏乐器

windjammer /ˈwin(d)dʒæmə/ n.  a merchant sailing ship 大型商船

windlass /ˈwindləs/ n. & v. ●n.  a machine with a horizontal axle for hauling or hoisting 绞车；卷扬机 ●v. tr.  hoist or haul with a windlass 用绞车吊起或拖曳 [alteration (perhaps by association with dialect windle ‘to wind’) of obsolete windas, via Old French guindas from Old Norse vindɑˊss, from vinda WIND2 + ɑˊss ‘pole’]

wind machine n.  a device for producing a blast of air or the sound of wind (用以制造舞台效果的)阵风(风声)模拟器

windmill /ˈwin(d)mil/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a mill worked by the action of the wind on its sails 风车房；风车 2 esp. Brit.  a toy consisting of a stick with curved vanes attached that revolve in a wind [尤英]旋转玩具；玩具风车 ●v. tr. & intr.  move like the sails of a windmill (使)像风车般转动；旋转 □ throw one's cap (or bonnet) over the windmill   act recklessly or unconventionally 蛮干；不守常规□ tilt at (or fight) windmills   attack an imaginary enemy or grievance 同假想的敌人(或不满)作斗争

window /ˈwindəʊ/ n.  1  a  an opening in a wall, roof, vehicle, etc., usu. with glass in fixed, sliding, or hinged frames, to admit light or air etc. and allow the occupants to see out 窗，窗户，窗口b  the glass filling this opening 窗玻璃  have broken the window  打碎了窗玻璃 2  a space for display behind the front window of a shop (商店的)陈列窗；橱窗 3  an aperture in a wall etc. through which customers are served in a bank, ticket office, etc. (银行、售票处等的)窗口 4  an opportunity to observe or learn 进行观察或学习的机会 5  an opening or transparent part in an envelope to show an address 信封上的透明窗(信封上开口的或透明的部分，以露出收信人的地址) 6 Computing  a defined area on a display screen in which a part of a file or image can be displayed 【计算】视见区，视窗(视频显示荧屏，可显示储存的文件或图像的一部分) 7  a  an interval during which atmospheric and astronomical circumstances are suitable for the launch of a spacecraft (航天器的)最佳发射时段b  any interval or opportunity for action 采取行动的时刻或时机 8  strips of metal foil dispersed in the air to obstruct radar detection (反雷达的)金属箔片干扰带 9 Physics  a range of electromagnetic wavelengths for which a medium (esp. the atmosphere) is transparent 【物理学】射电窗口(电磁波谱中可穿透大气层的波长范围) □ out of the window  colloq.  no longer taken into account [口]不再被考虑的□ windowed  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ windowless  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse vindauga (as WIND1, EYE)]

window box n.  a box placed on an outside window sill for growing flowers 窗口花坛(固定在窗外的栽花容器)

window cleaner n.  1  a person who is employed to clean windows 被雇用的擦窗户的人 2  a substance or object used for cleaning windows 擦窗户的用具

window dressing n.  1  the art of arranging a display in a shop window etc. (商店的)橱窗设计 2  an adroit presentation of facts etc. to give a deceptively favourable impression 装饰门面(以给人虚假的良好印象)

window frame n.  a supporting frame for the glass of a window 窗框，窗架

windowing /ˈwindəʊiŋ/ n. Computing  the use of windows for the simultaneous display of parts of different files, images, etc. 【计算】开窗口(以同时显示不同的文件或图像)

window ledge n.  = WINDOW SILL 

window pane n.  a pane of glass in a window (镶在窗框内的)窗玻璃

window seat n.  1  a seat below a window, esp. in a bay or alcove 窗下座位(尤指凸窗处或凹室里的座位) 2  a seat next to a window in an aircraft, train, etc. (飞机、火车等的)靠窗座位

window-shop v. intr. (-shopped, -shopping) (esp. as 尤作 window-shopping n.)  look at goods displayed in shop windows, usu. without buying anything 浏览商店橱窗(通常不买什么东西) □ window-shopper  n.  

window sill n.  a sill below a window 窗沿，窗台

window tax n. Brit. hist.  a tax on windows or similar openings (abolished in 1851) [英史义]窗户税 (1851 年废除)

windpipe /ˈwin(d)paip/ n.  the air passage from the throat to the lungs; the trachea 气管

wind-rose n.  a diagram of the relative frequency of wind directions at a place 风图，风玫瑰(表明一地区一定时间内风向的气候统计图)

windrow /ˈwindrəʊ/ n.  1  a line of raked hay, corn-sheaves, peats, etc., laid out to dry in the wind 一行摊开以便吹干的草(谷物捆、泥煤等) 2 esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  a  a long pile or row heaped up by or as if by the wind (像)被风吹拢的狭长的一堆或一排b  a bank of loose material heaped along the side of a road 一行散放在路边的筑路材料

wind-sail n.  a canvas funnel conveying air to the lower parts of a ship (船上的)帆布通风筒

windscreen /ˈwin(d)skri:n/ n. Brit.  a screen of glass at the front of a motor vehicle [英]汽车前面的挡风玻璃

windscreen wiper n.  a device consisting of a rubber blade on an arm, moving in an arc, for keeping a windscreen clear of rain etc. (汽车)挡风玻璃刮水器，雨刷

wind shear n.  a variation in wind velocity at right angles to the wind's direction 风的切变

windshield /ˈwin(d)ʃi:ld/ n. N. Amer. [北美]  = WINDSCREEN 

wind-sleeve n.  = WINDSOCK 

windsock /ˈwin(d)sɒk/ n.  a canvas cylinder or cone on a mast to show the direction of the wind at an airfield etc. (机场等地方的)风向袋，套筒风标

Windsor /ˈwinzə/ n. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  denoting or relating to the British royal family since 1917 温莎(指 1917 年后的英国王室家族) [Windsor in S. England, site of the royal residence at Windsor Castle]

Windsor chair n.  a wooden dining chair with a semicircular back supported by upright rods 温莎椅(一种木制、圆靠背的细骨靠椅)

windstorm /ˈwindstɔ:m/ n. esp. N. Amer.  a storm with very strong wind but little or no rain, snow, etc.; a gale [尤北美]风暴；大风

windsurfing /ˈwin(d)sɜ:fiŋ/ n.  the sport of riding on water on a sailboard 帆板冲浪运动 □ windsurf  v. intr.  □ windsurfer  n.  

windswept /ˈwin(d)swept/ adj.  exposed to or swept back by the wind 当风的；被风乱吹的

wind tunnel n.  a tunnel-like device to produce an airstream past models of aircraft etc. for the study of wind effects on them 风洞(一种产生空气气流的装置，将飞机等模型放置其中以研究风效应)

wind-up n.  1  a conclusion; a finish 终了，结束 2 Brit. colloq.  an attempt to provoke someone [英口]激怒某人的企图

windward /ˈwindwəd/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj. & adv.  on the side from which the wind is blowing (opp. 反义 LEEWARD) 向风(的)，迎风(的) ●n.  the windward region, side, or direction 向风地域；迎风面；上风方向  to windward  朝上风方向 on the windward of  向风一侧 □ get to windward of   1  place oneself there to avoid the smell of (为躲避…的气味)转到上风处 2  gain an advantage over 获得有利的地位

windy1 /ˈwindi/ adj. (windier, windiest)  1  stormy with wind 风大的；风暴的  a windy night  刮大风的夜晚 2  exposed to the wind; windswept 当风的；受大风吹刮的  a windy plain  任大风吹刮的平原 3 Brit.  generating or suffering from flatulence [英]生肠气的；腹胀的 4 colloq.  wordy, verbose, empty [口]冗长的；啰唆的；空洞无物的  a windy speech  冗长的讲话 5 Brit. colloq.  nervous, frightened [英口]紧张的；害怕的 □ windily  adv.  □ windiness  n.   [Old English windig (as WIND1, -Y1)]

windy2 /ˈwaindi/ adj.  that winds, winding 蜿蜒的，曲折的  a narrow windy path  狭窄曲折的小道，羊肠小道

wine /wain/ n. & v. ●n.  1  fermented grape juice as an alcoholic drink 葡萄酒 2  a fermented drink resembling this made from other fruits etc. as specified 果酒  elderberry wine  接骨木果酒 ginger wine  姜酒 3  = WINE RED  ●v.  1 intr.  drink wine 喝酒 2 tr.  entertain to wine 请…喝酒 □ wine and dine   entertain to or have a meal with wine (以好酒好菜)款待；吃喝□ wineless  adj.   [Old English wīn via Germanic from Latin vinum]

wine bar n.  a bar or small restaurant where wine is the main drink available (以供应葡萄酒为主的)酒吧间或小酒馆

wineberry /ˈwainb(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a  a deciduous bristly shrub, Rubus phoenicolasius, from China and Japan, producing scarlet berries used in cookery 白里叶莓树b  this berry 白里叶莓果 2  = MAKO2 

winebibber /ˈwainbibə/ n. archaic or literary  a tippler or drunkard [古义] [文学用语]酒鬼；醉汉 □ winebibbing  n. & adj.   [WINE + bib ‘to tipple’]

wine bottle n.  a glass bottle for wine, the standard size holding 75 cl or 26(2/3) fl. oz (葡萄)酒瓶(标准盛酒量为 75 毫升或 26(2/3) 液盎司)

wine box n.  a square carton of wine with a dispensing tap (葡萄)酒盒(一种带嘴的方酒盒)

wine cellar n.  1  a cellar for storing wine (存酒的)酒窖 2  the contents of this 贮藏的酒

wineglass /ˈwainɡlɑ:s/ n.  1  a glass for wine, usu. with a stem and foot (饮果酒用的)酒杯(尤指高脚杯) 2  the contents of this, a wineglassful 酒杯中的酒；一杯酒

wineglassful /ˈwainɡlɑ:sfʊl, -f(ə)l/ n. (pl. -fuls)  1  the capacity of a wineglass, esp. of the size used for sherry, as a measure of liquid, about four tablespoons or 2 fl. oz 一杯酒的量(约为 2 液盎司或 4 餐匙) 2  the contents of a wineglass 杯中的酒

wine-grower n.  a cultivator of grapes for wine 为酿酒而种葡萄者

wine list n.  a list of wines available in a restaurant etc. 餐馆等供应酒类的一览表

winemaker /ˈwainmeikə/ n.  a producer of wine; a wine-grower 酿葡萄酒者；种葡萄的人

winemaking /ˈwainmeikiŋ/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  the production of wine, either commercially or as a hobby 酿造葡萄酒(或为经营或为爱好)

winepress /ˈwainpres/ n.  a press in which grapes are squeezed in making wine (制酒用的)葡萄榨汁机

wine red n. & adj. ●n.  the dark red colour of red wine (红葡萄酒的)暗红色 ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  of this colour 暗红色的

winery /ˈwain(ə)ri/ n. (pl. -ies) esp. US  an establishment where wine is made [尤美]葡萄酒厂

wineskin /ˈwainskin/ n.  a whole skin of a goat etc. sewn up and used to hold wine (用整张山羊等的皮制成的)酒袋，酒囊

wine tasting n.  1  judging the quality of wine by tasting it 品酒 2  an occasion for this 品酒的场合 □ wine taster  n.  

wine vinegar n.  vinegar made from wine as distinct from malt 酒醋(用葡萄酒制成的醋，有别于用麦芽制成的)

wine waiter n. Brit.  a waiter responsible for serving wine [英]酒侍者

wine writer n.  a person who writes (esp. as a journalist) about wine 论酒专著作者(尤为记者)

winey /ˈwaini/ adj. (also 亦作 winy) (winier, winiest)  resembling wine in taste or appearance (味道或外观上)有酒味的；像酒的

wing /wiŋ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  each of the limbs or organs by which a bird, bat, or insect is able to fly (鸟、蝙蝠或昆虫的)翅；翼；翼状器官 2  a rigid horizontal winglike structure forming a supporting part of an aircraft 机翼 3  part of a building etc. which projects or is extended in a certain direction 房屋翼部；侧厅，耳房，厢房  lived in the north wing  住北厢房 4  a  a forward player at either end of a line in football, hockey, etc. (足球、曲棍球等的)边锋，侧翼队员b  the side part of a playing area 边锋位置 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the sides of a theatre stage out of view of the audience (剧院舞台观众看不见的)侧面 6  a section of a political party in terms of the extremity of its views (政党的)派系，宗派 7  a flank of a battle array (战斗部署的)侧翼  the cavalry were massed on the left wing  骑兵集结在左翼 8 Brit.  the part of a motor vehicle extending above a wheel [英] (车辆的)挡泥板，翼子板 9  a  an air force unit of several squadrons or groups 空军联队b (in pl. 用复数)  a pilot's badge in the RAF etc. (英皇家空军等的)飞行徽章  get one's wings  获得飞行徽章 10 Anat. & Bot. 【解】【植】  a lateral part or projection of an organ or structure 翼瓣；翼状部 ●v.  1 intr. & tr.  travel or traverse on wings or in an aircraft 飞越；飞过  winging through the air  飞越天空 am winging my way home  我飞快地往家赶 2 tr.  wound in a wing or an arm 弄伤翅膀(或手臂) 3 tr.  equip with wings 给…装翅膀 4 tr.  enable to fly; send in flight 使飞行；使加快速度  fear winged my steps  恐惧使我加快了脚步 winged an arrow towards them  向他们射去一箭 □ give (or lend) wings to   speed up (a person or a thing) 使(某人或某事)加快速度□ on the wing   flying or in flight 飞行；飞行中□ on a wing and a prayer   with only the slightest chance of success 只有极小的成功的可能□ spread (or stretch) one's wings   develop one's powers fully 充分发挥自己的才能□ take under one's wing   treat as a protégé 在(某人的)庇护下□ take wing   fly away; soar 飞走；高飞□ waiting in the wings   holding oneself in readiness 时刻准备着□ winged  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ wingless  adj.  □ winglet  n.  □ winglike  adj.   [Middle English from Old Norse vœngir, pl. of vœngr]

wing-beat n.  one complete set of motions with a wing in flying (鸟翼在飞行中的)一扑棱；一扑闪

wing-case n.  the horny cover of an insect's wing (昆虫的)翅鞘

wing chair n.  a chair with side pieces projecting forwards at the top of a high back (高靠背两侧有翼状突出部的)翼状靠背扶手椅

wing collar n.  a high stiff shirt collar with turned-down corners 翼领，燕子领(一种衬衫领式)

wing commander n.  an RAF officer next below group captain (英皇家空军的)空军中校

wing covert n.  any of the small coverts overlying the flight feathers of a bird's wing (鸟的)翼覆羽

wingding /ˈwiŋdiŋ/ n. slang [俚语]  1 esp. N. Amer.  a wild party [尤北美]狂欢会 2 US  a drug addict's real or feigned seizure [美] (毒瘾的)一阵发作；佯装发作 [20th c.: origin unknown]

winged words n. pl.  highly apposite or significant words 正中要害的话；意味深长的话

winger /ˈwiŋə/ n.  1  a player on a wing in football, hockey, etc. (足球、曲棍球等运动中的)边锋队员 2 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a member of a specified political wing (政党内的)左右翼分子  left-winger  左翼分子

wing forward n. Rugby  a forward who plays on the wing 【英式橄榄球】边锋队员

wing-game n. Brit.  game birds [英]狩猎鸟

wing-half n. Football  a right or left half-back 【足球】右(或左)前卫(队员)

wingman /ˈwiŋmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a pilot whose plane is positioned behind and outside the leading aircraft in a formation 僚机飞行员 2  = WINGER 1 

wing nut n.  a nut with projections for the fingers to turn it on a screw 蝶形螺母

wingspan /ˈwiŋspæn/ n. (also 亦作 wingspread /-spred/)  measurement right across the wings of a bird or aircraft 翼展

wing-stroke n.  = WING-BEAT 

wing-tip n.  the outer end of an aircraft's or a bird's wing (飞机或鸟的)翼尖，翼梢

Winifred /ˈwinifrid/   威尼弗雷德 [人名]

wink /wiŋk/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a tr.  close and open (one eye or both eyes) quickly 迅速地眨(眼)b intr.  close and open an eye 眨眼 2 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at)  wink one eye as a signal of friendship or greeting or to convey a message to a person 眨(一只)眼示意(表示友好、打招呼或传消息) 3 intr. (of a light etc.) twinkle; shine or flash intermittently (指灯光等断续地)闪烁，闪亮 ●n.  1  the act or an instance of winking, esp. as a signal etc. 眨眼；(尤指)使眼色 2 colloq.  a brief moment of sleep [口]小睡  didn't sleep a wink  没打盹 □ as easy as winking  colloq.  very easy [口]非常容易，易如反掌□ in a wink   very quickly 转瞬间□ wink at   1  purposely avoid seeing; pretend not to notice 故意不看；装作没注意 2  connive at (a wrongdoing etc.) (对恶事等)默许；睁一只眼闭一只眼 [Old English wincian from Germanic]

winker /ˈwiŋkə/ n.  1 Brit.  a flashing indicator light on a motor vehicle [英] (汽车的)频闪式指示灯 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a horse's blinker 马眼罩

winkle /ˈwiŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  any edible marine gastropod mollusc of the genus Littorina; a periwinkle 食用蛾螺，玉黍螺；滨螺 ●v. tr. (foll. by 后跟 out) esp. Brit.  extract or eject [尤英]费劲挖出；取出；把…驱逐  winkled the information out of them  费劲地从他们那里搞到消息 □ winkler  n.   [abbreviation of PERIWINKLE2: cf. WIG1]

winkle-picker n. Brit. slang  a shoe with a long pointed toe [英] [俚语]尖头皮鞋

winless /ˈwinlis/ adj. esp. N. Amer.  without having won usu. a match in a series of contests [尤北美] (运动比赛)未获胜的；(通常指在一系列的比赛中)场场皆输的

winner /ˈwinə/ n.  1  a person, racehorse, etc. that wins 获胜者；获胜的马等 2 colloq.  a successful or highly promising idea, enterprise, etc. [口]成功(或大有希望)的想法或事业等  the new scheme seemed a winner  新计划看来能成功

Winnie /ˈwini/   威尼 [人名]

winning /ˈwiniŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  having or bringing victory or an advantage 获胜的；赢的  the winning entry  获胜的作品 a winning stroke  致胜的一击 2  attractive, persuasive 吸引人的；有说服力的  a winning smile  动人的微笑 winning ways  令人折服的手段 ●n. (in pl. 用复数)  money won, esp. in betting etc. (尤指打赌等)赢得的钱 □ winningly  adv.  □ winningness  n.  

winning post n.  a post marking the end of a race (赛马场上的)终点标柱

Winnipeg /ˈwinipeg/ n.  1  温尼伯湖[加拿大] 2  温尼伯[加拿大城市]

winnow /ˈwinəʊ/ v. tr.  1  blow (grain) free of chaff etc. by an air current 簸(谷)；扬(场) 2 (foll. by 后跟 out, away, from, etc.)  get rid of (chaff etc.) from grain 筛掉(糠等) 3  a  sift, separate; clear of refuse or inferior specimens 筛选；选取；清除(无用或劣制的品种)b  sift or examine (evidence for falsehood etc.) 辨别(真假等)c  clear, sort, or weed out (rubbish etc.) 清除，分选(垃圾等) 4 poet. [诗]  a  fan (the air with wings) (用翼)扇动b  flap (wings) 振(翅)c  stir (the hair etc.) 吹动(头发等) □ winnower  n. (in senses 1, 2 用于释义 1 、 2)   [Old English windwian (as WIND1)]

wino /ˈwainəʊ/ n. (pl. -os) slang  a habitual excessive drinker of cheap wine; an alcoholic [俚语]爱饮廉价酒的醉鬼；酒鬼

winsome /ˈwins(ə)m/ adj. (of a person, looks, or manner) winning, attractive, engaging (指人、外表或举止)讨人喜欢的，吸引人的，动人的 □ winsomely  adv.  □ winsomeness  n.   [Old English wynsum, from wyn JOY + -SOME1]

winter /ˈwintə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the coldest season of the year, in the northern hemisphere from December to February and in the southern hemisphere from June to August 冬季，冬天(在北半球为 12 月至 2 月；南半球为 6 月至 8 月) 2 Astron.  the period from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox 【天】从冬至到春分的时间 3  a bleak or lifeless period or region etc. 阴郁黯淡(或死气沉沉)的时期(或地域等)  nuclear winter  核冬天 4 poet.  a year (esp. of a person's age) [诗] (尤指人的年纪)年；岁  a man of fifty winters  50 岁的人 5 (作 attrib.)  a  characteristic of or suitable for winter 冬季的；适合于冬季的  winter light  冬日阳光 winter clothes  冬衣b (of fruit) ripening late or keeping until or during winter (指水果)晚至冬季才成熟的；放到冬季或适于冬季储藏的c (of wheat or other crops) sown in autumn for harvesting the following year (小麦或其他农作物)越冬的(秋季播种，来年收获) ●v.  1 intr. (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 at, in)  pass the winter 过冬  likes to winter in the Canaries  喜欢在加那利群岛过冬 2 tr.  keep or feed (plants, cattle) during winter 冬季储藏(果蔬)；冬季饲养(家畜) □ winterer  n.  (居留或到某处)过冬者□ winterless  adj.  □ winterly  adj.   [Old English from Germanic: probably related to WET]

winter aconite  see 见 ACONITE 2 

winter cress n.  any bitter-tasting cress of the genus Barbarea, esp. B. vulgaris 山芥(一种植物，味苦)

winter garden n.  a garden or conservatory of plants flourishing in winter 冬园，温室(在冬天种有开花植物的温室花园)

wintergreen /ˈwintəɡri:n/ n.  1  a low-growing plant of the genus Pyrola, with drooping spikes of white bell-shaped flowers 冬青树 2  a N. Amer.  the checkerberry, Gaultheria procumbens [北美]鹿蹄草b (in full 全称 oil of wintergreen)  a pungent oil obtained from the leaves of this, or made synthetically, and used medicinally and as a flavouring 冬青油，水杨酸甲酯(从鹿蹄草中提取或合成的油，味道浓烈，用来制药或调味) [so called because of remaining green in winter]

winter heliotrope  see 见 HELIOTROPE 2 

winterize /ˈwintəraiz/ v. tr. (also -ise) esp. N. Amer.  adapt for operation or use in cold weather [尤北美]装御寒设备 □ winterization  /-ˈzeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

winter jasmine n.  a jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum, with yellow flowers 迎春(一种植物，开黄花)

winter quarters n.  a place where soldiers spend the winter (部队的)冬季营地

winter sleep n.  hibernation 冬眠

winter solstice n.  the solstice at midwinter, at the time of the shortest day, about 22 Dec. in the northern hemisphere and 21 June in the southern hemisphere; in Astron., the solstice in December 冬至(仲冬，北半球在 12 月 22 日左右，是最短的一天；南半球在 6 月 21 日左右)；【天】冬至点(在 12 月)

winter sports n. pl.  sports performed on snow or ice esp. in winter (e.g. skiing and ice-skating) 冬季运动(尤指冬季在雪上或冰上进行的体育活动，如滑雪和滑冰)

winter-tide n. poet. [诗]  = WINTERTIME 

wintertime /ˈwintətaim/ n.  the season of winter 冬季，冬天

wintry /ˈwintri/ adj. (also 亦作 wintery) (/-t(ə)ri/; wintrier, wintriest)  1  characteristic of winter 冬天的，冬令的  wintry weather  冬天的天气 a wintry sun  冬天的太阳 a wintry landscape  寒冬景象 2 (of a smile, greeting, etc.) lacking warmth or enthusiasm (指笑容、问候等)缺少热情的；冷冰冰的，冷漠的 □ wintrily  adv.  □ wintriness  n.   [Old English wintrig, or from WINTER]

winy var.  of WINEY  WINEY 的变体

wipe /waip/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  clean or dry the surface of by rubbing with the hands or a cloth etc. (用手或布等)擦净；抹干 2  rub (a cloth) over a surface 用(布)擦 3  spread (a liquid etc.) over a surface by rubbing 把(液体等)搽于…表面 4 (often foll. by 常后跟 away, off, etc.)  a  clear or remove by wiping 擦净；抹去  wiped the mess off the table  擦去桌子上的脏东西 wipe away your tears  擦掉你的眼泪b  remove or eliminate completely 完全去除；使消失  the village was wiped off the map  那村庄在地图上消失了 5  a  erase (data, a recording, etc., from a magnetic medium) 抹去(磁带上的数据、录音等)b  erase data from (the medium) 从(介质上)抹去数据 6 Austral. & NZ slang  reject or dismiss (a person or idea) [澳新] [俚语]开除(某人)；拒绝(某人或某观点) ●n.  1  an act of wiping 擦，抹，揩  give the floor a wipe  擦地板 2  a piece of disposable absorbent cloth, usu. treated with a cleansing agent, for wiping something clean (擦东西用的)毛巾；手帕；抹布  antiseptic wipes  无菌的擦布 □ wipe down   clean (esp. a vertical surface) by wiping 把…上下擦干净□ wipe a person's eye  Brit. colloq.  get the better of a person [英口]比某人先下手而占上风□ wipe the floor with  colloq.  inflict a humiliating defeat on [口]使完全屈服；彻底击败□ wipe off   annul (a debt etc.) 勾销(债务等)□ wipe out   1  a  destroy, annihilate 彻底摧毁；消灭  the whole population was wiped out  所有的人全被杀死了b  obliterate 抹去  wiped it out of my memory  把它从记忆中抹去 2 slang  murder [俚语]谋杀，干掉 3  clean the inside of 擦拭…的内部 4 Brit.  avenge (an insult etc.) [英]报…仇，洗雪(耻辱等)□ wipe the slate clean   see 见 SLATE □ wipe up   1 Brit.  dry (dishes etc.) [英]把(盘子等)擦干 2  take up (a liquid etc.) by wiping 把(打翻的液体等)擦干□ wipeable  adj.   [Old English wīpian: cf. Old High German wīfan ‘wind round’, Gothic weipan ‘crown’: related to WHIP]

wipe-out n.  1  the obliteration of one radio signal by another 封闭(指一个无线电信号被另一个干扰而不能接收) 2  an instance of destruction or annihilation 毁灭；灭绝 3 slang  a fall from a surfboard [俚语] (冲浪板滑水的)翻跌

wiper /ˈwaipə/ n.  1  = WINDSCREEN WIPER  2 Electr.  a moving contact 【电】接帚，接触电刷 3  a cam or tappet 凸轮；挺杆

WIPO abbr.  World Intellectual Property Organization [缩略]世界知识产权组织

Wiradhuri /wiˈrædʒəri/ n.  an Aboriginal language of SE Australia, now extinct 澳大利亚东南部一种土著语言，现已灭绝

wire /waiə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  metal drawn out into the form of a thread or thin flexible rod 金属丝；金属线b  a piece of this 一条金属丝c (作 attrib.)  made of wire 金属丝制的 2  a length or quantity of wire used for fencing or to carry an electric current etc. 电线；导线 3 colloq.  a telegram or cablegram [口]电报；海底电报 ●v. tr.  1  provide, fasten, strengthen, etc., with wire 给…安上金属丝；用金属丝加固(或捆扎等) 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 up) Electr.  install electrical circuits in (a building, piece of equipment, etc.) 【电】给(建筑物、设备等)安装电线 3 colloq.  telegraph [口]发电报给  wired me that they were coming  给我发电报说他们要来 4  snare (an animal etc.) with wire 用金属网捕捉(动物等) 5 (usu. in passive 通常用被动) Croquet  obstruct (a ball, shot, or player) by a hoop 【槌球】在铁环门后阻拦(球、击球或球员) □ by wire   by telegraph 用电报□ get one's wires crossed   become confused and have a misunderstanding (被搞糊涂了而)误解□ wirer  n.   [Old English wīr]

wire brush n. & v. ●n.  1  a brush with tough wire bristles for cleaning hard surfaces, esp. metal 钢丝刷；铜丝刷 2  a brush with wire strands brushed against cymbals to produce a soft metallic sound (用于打击乐器使之产生细小的声音效果的)钢丝 ●v. tr. (usu. 通常作 wire-brush)  clean with a wire brush (用钢丝刷)刷

wire cloth n.  cloth woven from wire 金属丝布；筛布

wire-cutter n.  a tool for cutting wire 钢丝钳；线剪

wiredraw /ˈwaiədrɔ:/ v. tr. (past -drew /-dru:/; past part. -drawn /-drɔ:n/)  1  draw (metal) out into wire 拔丝，把(金属)拉成丝 2  elongate; protract unduly 延长；过分拉长 3 (esp. as 尤作 wiredrawn adj.)  refine or apply or press (an argument etc.) with idle or excessive subtlety (议论等)过于琐细的；拖得太长的 □ wiredrawer  n.  □ wiredrawing  n.  

wire gauge n.  1  a gauge for measuring the diameter of wire etc. 金属丝规，线规 2 (in full 全称 standard wire gauge) (in the UK) a standard series of sizes in which wire etc. is made (英国)金属线材的标号

wire gauze n.  a stiff gauze woven from wire 金属丝网纱

wire grass n.  any of various grasses with tough wiry stems 牛筋草、三芒草等植物

wire-haired adj. (esp. of a dog) having stiff or wiry hair (尤指狗)毛硬而韧的

wireless /ˈwaiəlis/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a (in full 全称 wireless set)  a radio receiving set 无线电收音机b  the transmission and reception of radio signals 无线电发射和接收 2  = WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY  ●adj.  lacking or not requiring wires 无线的；不用电线的■Usage 用法说明 The term wireless is now old-fashioned, esp. with reference to broadcasting, and has been superseded by radio. wireless 一词现已过时，尤其在指广播时，已被 radio 所代替。 

wireless telegraphy n.  = RADIO-TELEGRAPHY 

wireman /ˈwaiəmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 esp. US  an installer or repairer of electric wires [尤美] (电话、供电等)架线工；修理工 2  a journalist working for a telegraphic news agency 电讯社记者

wire mattress n.  a mattress supported by wires stretched in a frame 钢丝床垫

wire netting n.  netting of wire twisted into meshes 金属丝网，铁丝网

wirepuller /ˈwaiəpʊlə/ n. esp. US  a politician etc. who exerts a hidden influence [尤美] (政客等)幕后操纵者，幕后牵线者 □ wirepulling  n.  

wire rope n.  rope made by twisting wires together as strands 钢丝绳，钢索

wire stripper n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a tool for removing the insulation from electric wires 裸线钳(从导线上去皮的工具)

wire-tapping n.  the practice of tapping (see 见 TAP1 v. 4) a telephone or telegraph line to eavesdrop (对电报或电话的)搭线窃听 □ wire-tapper  n.  

wire-walker n.  an acrobat performing feats on a wire rope 走钢丝演员

wire wheel n.  a vehicle wheel with spokes of wire 辐条轮

wire wool n. Brit.  a mass of fine wire for cleaning [英] (擦洗器皿用的)钢丝团(或绒)

wireworm /ˈwaiəwɜ:m/ n.  the larva of the click beetle causing damage to crop plants (铁)线虫，金针虫，叩甲幼虫

wiring /ˈwaiəriŋ/ n.  1  a system of wires providing electrical circuits 供电系统，供电线路 2  the installation of this 接线，架线，布线  came to do the wiring  来布线

wiry /ˈwaiəri/ adj. (wirier, wiriest)  1  tough and flexible as wire 像金属丝一样硬而韧的 2 (of a person) thin and sinewy; untiring (指人)瘦而结实的；不知疲倦的 3  made of wire 金属丝制的 □ wirily  adv.  □ wiriness  n.  

Wis. abbr.  Wisconsin [缩略]威斯康星(美国州名)

wis /wis/ v. intr. archaic  know well [古义]知道；了解 [originally I wis = obsolete iwis ‘certainly’ from Old English gewis, erroneously taken as ‘I know’ and as pres. tense of wist (WIT2)]

Wisd. abbr.  Wisdom of Solomon (Apocrypha) [缩略] 《所罗门之智慧书》(次经)

wisdom /ˈwizdəm/ n.  1  the state of being wise 智慧 2  experience and knowledge together with the power of applying them critically or practically 实际运用经验和知识的能力 3  sagacity, prudence; common sense 睿智，英明；常识 4 (also in pl. 亦用复数)  wise sayings, thoughts, etc., regarded collectively 古训，至理名言 □ in his (or her etc.) wisdom  usu. iron.  thinking it would be best [通常讽]自作聪明  the committee in its wisdom decided to abandon the project  委员会自作聪明地决定放弃该项目 [Old English wīsdōm (as WISE1, -DOM)]

wisdom tooth n.  each of four hindmost molars not usu. cut before 20 years of age 智齿(四颗最靠后的臼齿中的任何一颗，通常在 20 岁后才长出，故名)

wise1 /waiz/ adj. & v. ●adj.  1  a  having experience and knowledge and judiciously applying them (指人)足智多谋的，有经验学识并能明智运用的b (of an action, behaviour, etc.) determined by or showing or in harmony with such experience and knowledge (指行为、品行)明智的；表现出博学的 2  sagacious, prudent, sensible, discreet 睿智的；谨慎的；明智的；深谋远虑的 3  having knowledge 博学的 4  suggestive of wisdom (表示)明白的；了解的  with a wise nod of the head  点头表示明白 5 US colloq. [美口]  a  alert, crafty 机警的；狡猾的b (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  having (usu. confidential) information (about) 了解(通常为秘密)信息的，知情的 ●v. tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 up) esp. US colloq.  put or get wise [尤美口] (使)知道，(使)了解；点拨 □ be (or get) wise to  colloq.  be (or become) aware of [口]发觉；明白，知道(某事)□ no (or none the or not much) wiser   knowing no more than before 仍不明白，仍然不懂□ put a person wise  (often foll. by 常后跟 to) colloq.  inform a person (about) [口]把(某事)告诉某人□ wise after the event   able to understand and assess an event or circumstance after its implications have become obvious 事后聪明的□ without anyone's being the wiser   undetected 在无人觉察的情况下□ wisely  adv.   [Old English wīs from Germanic: related to WIT2]

wise2 /waiz/ n. archaic  way, manner, or degree [古义]方式；方法；程度  in solemn wise  以庄重的态度 on this wise  这样，如此 □ in no wise   not at all 绝不；一点也不 [Old English wīse from Germanic: related to WIT2]

-wise /waiz/ suffix  forming adjectives and adverbs of manner  crosswise  十字形的(地) clockwise  顺时针的(地) lengthwise  纵长的(地) or respect  moneywise  在金钱方面 (cf. 参见 -WAYS) 构成形容词或副词，表示“方式”、“方向”；或“方面” [as WISE2]■Usage 用法说明 The use of -wise in more fanciful phrase-based combinations, such as employment-wise (= as regards employment), is colloquial and should be restricted to informal contexts. -wise 用在词义较虚的短语复合词中，如 employment-wise (= as regards employment 关于就业)，是口语性的，只限于在非正式的语境中使用。 

wiseacre /ˈwaizeikə/ n.  a person who affects a wise manner 自作聪明的人，假聪明的人 [Middle Dutch wijsseggher ‘soothsayer’, probably from Old High German wīssago, wīzago, assimilated to WISE1, ACRE]

wisecrack /ˈwaizkræk/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a smart pithy remark 妙语；俏皮话 ●v. intr.  make a wisecrack 说俏皮话 □ wisecracker  n.  

wise guy n. colloq.  a know-all [口]自以为什么都懂的人，自以为是的人

wise man n.  a wizard, esp. one of the Magi 男巫，术士(尤指魔术师)

wisent /ˈwi:z(ə)nt/ n.  the European bison, Bison bonasus 欧洲野牛 [German: related to BISON]

wise saw n.  a proverbial saying 至理名言

wish /wiʃ/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  have or express a desire or aspiration for 希望，想要  wish for happiness  企盼幸福 2 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause, usu. with that omitted 通常省略 that)  have as a desire or aspiration 怀着…的愿望  I wish I could sing  我要是能唱歌就好了 I wished that I was dead  我恨不得死了才好 3 tr.  want or demand, usu. so as to bring about what is wanted 想要或要求(通常为了如愿以偿)  I wish to go  我想去 I wish you to do it  我想让你做这事 I wish it done  我希望了结这事 4 tr.  express one's hopes for 祝愿  we wish you well  我们祝你走运 wish them no harm  愿他们免遭不幸 wished us a pleasant journey  愿我们旅途愉快 5 tr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) colloq.  foist on a person [口]把…强加于(某人)；把…推给 ●n.  1  a  a desire, request, or aspiration 愿望；要求；渴望b  an expression of this 祝愿；祝福 2  a thing desired 希望得到的事物  got my wish  我如愿以偿 □ best (or good) wishes   hopes felt or expressed for another's happiness etc. 祝好；祝幸福□ the wish is father to the thought   we believe a thing because we wish it true 希望什么就相信什么□ wisher  n. (in sense 4 of v. 用于动词释义 4); (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English wyˉscan, Old High German wunsken from Germanic, ultimately related to WEEN, WONT]

wishbone /ˈwiʃbəʊn/ n.  1  a forked bone (the furcula) between the neck and breast of a bird, esp. this bone from a cooked bird, which when broken by two people entitles the holder of the longer portion to make a wish (尤指煮熟的鸟的颈和胸之间的)叉骨，如愿骨(常由二人同执并一起折断，获较长端者可实现一心愿) 2  an object of similar shape 叉骨状物

wishful /ˈwiʃfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 to + infin.)  desiring, wishing 渴望的，希望的 2  having or expressing a wish 怀有希望的；表达愿望的 □ wishfully  adv.  □ wishfulness  n.  

wish-fulfilment n.  a tendency for subconscious desire to be satisfied in fantasy (心理学的非真实的)愿望满足(尤指无意识中)

wishful thinking n.  belief founded on wishes rather than facts 如意算盘，痴心妄想

wishing-well n.  a well into which coins are dropped and a wish is made 如愿井(扔硬币于井中并许下心愿)

wish-list n.  a mental list of wishes or desires (头脑中想要得到的物品的)清单，列表

wish-wash /ˈwiʃwɒʃ/ n.  1  a weak or watery drink 淡而无味的饮料 2  insipid talk or writing 空洞无味的话或文章 [reduplication of WASH]

wishy-washy /ˈwiʃiwɒʃi/ adj.  1  feeble, insipid, or indecisive in quality or character (性质、性格等)软弱无力的；乏味的；不果断的 2 (of tea, soup, etc.) weak, watery, sloppy (茶、汤等)淡而无味的，味淡如水的，寡淡的 [reduplication of WASHY]

wisp /wisp/ n.  1  a small bundle or twist of straw etc. (稻草等的)小捆，小把，小束 2  a small separate quantity of smoke, hair, etc. 一缕(烟，头发等) 3  a small thin person etc. 瘦小纤细的人(等) 4  a flock (of snipe) 一群(鹬) □ wispy  adj. (wispier, wispiest)  □ wispily  adv.  □ wispiness  n.   [Middle English: origin uncertain: perhaps related to West Frisian wisp, and WHISK]

wist past and past part.  of WIT2 

wisteria /wiˈstiəriə/ n. (also 亦作 wistaria /-ˈstɛəriə/)  any climbing leguminous shrub of the genus Wisteria, with hanging clusters of pale bluish-lilac flowers 紫藤(紫藤属植物) [modern Latin, named after C. Wistar (or Wister), American anatomist d. 1818]

wistful /ˈwis(t)fʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj. (of a person, looks, etc.) yearningly or mournfully expectant or wishful (指人或表情等)渴望的；思念的；依依不舍的 □ wistfully  adv.  □ wistfulness  n.   [apparently an assimilation of obsolete wistly (adv.) ‘intently’ to wishful, with corresponding change of sense]

wit1 /wit/ n.  1 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  intelligence; quick understanding 智慧；悟性，理解力  has quick wits  头脑灵活 a nimble wit  机敏 2  a  the unexpected, quick, and humorous combining or contrasting of ideas or expressions 风趣的话语，妙语  conversation sparkling with wit  妙语连珠的对话b  the power of giving intellectual pleasure by this 风趣 3  a person possessing such a power, esp. a cleverly humorous person 机智幽默的人，才思敏捷说话风趣的人 □ at one's wit's (or wits') end   utterly at a loss or in despair 智穷才尽；不知所措□ have (or keep) one's wits about one   be alert or vigilant or of lively intelligence 保持警觉；保持头脑清醒；随机应变□ live by one's wits   live by ingenious or crafty expedients, without a settled occupation 靠耍小聪明(或花招)过日子而无固定的职业□ out of one's wits   mad, distracted 发疯的□ set one's wits to   argue with (与某人)争辩□ witted  adj. (in sense 1 用于释义 1); (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)   [Old English wit(t), gewit(t), from Germanic]

wit2 /wit/ v. tr. & intr. (1st & 3rd sing. present wot /wɒt/; past and past part. wist /wist/) (often foll. by 常后跟 of) archaic  know [古义]知道 □ to wit   that is to say; namely 即，就是 [Old English witan, from Germanic]

witch /witʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  a sorceress, esp. a woman supposed to have dealings with the Devil or evil spirits 女巫，巫婆b  a follower or practitioner of modern witchcraft; a Wiccan 现代巫术的信徒；搞现代巫术的人 2  an ugly old woman; a hag 丑老太婆；恶老妪 3  a fascinating girl or woman 迷人的女子 4  a flatfish, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, resembling the lemon sole 美首鲽鱼，灰鲽(形似侧枝鲽) ●v. tr. archaic [古义]  1  bewitch 施以巫术 2  fascinate, charm, lure 迷住；迷人；诱惑 □ witching  adj.  □ witchlike  adj.  □ witchy  adj.   [Old English wicca (masc.), wicce (fem.), related to wiccian ‘to practise magic arts’]

witch alder n.  an American shrub, Fothergilla gardenii, with leaves like those of the alder 桤叶金缕梅(美洲灌木，叶子类似桤木) [from witch, variant of wych: see WYCH ELM]

witchcraft /ˈwitʃkrɑ:ft/ n.  1  the use of magic; sorcery 巫术，魔法 2  bewitching charm 魅力，魔力

witch doctor n.  a tribal magician of tribal people (旧时部落的)巫医

witch elm var.  of WYCH ELM  WYCH ELM 的变体

witchery /ˈwitʃ(ə)ri/ n.  1  witchcraft 巫术，魔法 2  power exercised by beauty or eloquence or the like (美貌、谈吐的)魅力

witches' broom n.  a dense twiggy growth in a tree caused by infection with fungus, mites, or viruses (树木等的)丛枝病，扫帚病

witches' sabbath  see 见 SABBATH 3 

witchetty /ˈwitʃiti/ n. (pl. -ies) (in full 全称 witchetty grub) Austral.  a large white larva of a beetle or moth, eaten as food by Aboriginals [澳]甲虫或木蠹蛾的大白幼虫(澳大利亚土著居民作食用) [probably Adnyamathanha]

witch hazel /ˈwitʃheiz(ə)l/ n. (also 亦作 wych hazel)  1  any ornamental E. Asian or American shrub of the genus Hamamelis, with yellow flowers 金缕梅(东亚或美洲产观赏灌木，开黄花) 2  an astringent lotion obtained from the leaves and bark of H. virginiana of N. America 金缕梅收敛剂(由金缕梅树叶和树皮中获取) [from witch variant of wych (see WYCH ELM) + HAZEL]

witch-hunt n.  1 hist.  a search for and persecution of supposed witches [史义]对行巫者的搜捕和迫害 2  a campaign directed against a particular group of those holding dissenting or unorthodox views, esp. hist. Communists 反对持不同政见或非正统观点的人士的运动，(尤指历史上对共产主义者的)政治迫害 □ witch-hunting  n.  

witching hour n. (prec. by 前接 the)  midnight, when witches are supposedly active (after Shakespeare's Hamlet III. ii. 377 the witching time of night) 半夜三更(据说巫师作法的时刻) (出自莎士比亚之《哈姆雷特》Ⅲ .ii 377 一夜之中最阴森的时分)

witenagemot /ˈwit(ə)nəɡiˌməʊt/ n. hist.  an Anglo-Saxon national council or parliament [史义]盎格鲁—撒克逊时代的国会或议会 [Old English from witena, genitive pl. of wita ‘wise man’ (as WIT2) + gemōt ‘meeting’: cf. MOOT]

with /wið/ prep. expressing 表示 :  1  an instrument or means used 使用的器具或手段  cut with a knife  用小刀切 can walk with assistance  能在搀扶下走路 2  association or company 跟…在一起，和，同  lives with his mother  和他母亲住在一起 works with Shell  在壳牌公司工作 lamb with mint sauce  羊羔肉蘸薄荷沙司 3  cause or origin 原因，起因  shiver with fear  吓得发抖 in bed with measles  因麻疹而卧床 4  possession, attribution 拥有，具有的特征  the man with dark hair  黑头发的男人 a vase with handles  带耳花瓶 5  circumstances; accompanying conditions 环境；伴随条件  sleep with the window open  敞着窗户睡觉 a holiday with all expenses paid  一切费用由他人支付的假期 6  manner adopted or displayed 采取或表现的态度  behaved with dignity  表现得很威严 spoke with vehemence  热切地诉说 handle with care  小心处理 won with ease  轻松获胜 7  agreement or harmony 一致；协调  sympathize with  同情 I believe with you that it can be done  我同意你的意见，此事能完成 8  disagreement, antagonism, competition 不一致；对立；竞争  clashing with  与…有冲突 stop arguing with me  别与我争论 9  responsibility or care for 负责或照看  the decision rests with you  由你来做决定 leave the child with me  把孩子留给我照看 10  material 材料  made with gold  用金子做的 11  addition or supply; possession of as a material, attribute, circumstance, etc. 增加或提供；拥有(材料、特质、环境等)  fill it with water  装满水 threaten with dismissal  以解雇来威胁 decorate with holly  用冬青树装饰 12  reference or regard 对于；关于  be patient with them  对他们耐心些 how are things with you?  你最近怎么样？ what do you want with me?  你要我做什么？ there's nothing wrong with expressing one's opinion  发表个人的意见没什么不对 13  relation or causative association 关系；因果联系  changes with the weather  随着天气而改变 keeps pace with the cost of living  与生活开支同步 14  an accepted circumstance or consideration 接受某种情况或考虑到  with all your faults, we like you  尽管你有种种缺点，我们还是喜欢你 □ away (or in or out etc.) with  (as 作 int.)  take, send, or put (a person or thing) away, in, out, etc. 拿开、送走、放进(某人或某物)；打倒□ be with a person   1  agree with and support a person 和某人意见相同并支持之 2 colloq.  follow a person's meaning [口]明白某人的意思  are you with me?  你明白我的意思吗？□ one with   part of the same whole as 和…一体□ with child (or young)  literary  pregnant [文学用语]怀孕□ with that   thereupon 接着；随即 [Old English, probably shortened from a Germanic prep. corresponding to Old English wither, Old High German widar ‘against’]

withal /wiˈðɔ:l/ adv. & prep. archaic [古义] ●adv.  moreover; as well; at the same time 而且；同样；也；同时 ●prep. (placed after its expressed or omitted object) with 用，以(用在其宾语或省略的宾语后)  what shall he fill his belly withal?  他将用什么来填饱肚子呢？ [Middle English, from WITH + ALL]

withdraw /wiðˈdrɔ:/ v. (past withdrew /-ˈdru:/; past part. withdrawn /-ˈdrɔ:n/)  1 tr.  pull or take aside or back 拉开；移开；抽回  withdrew my hand  缩回我的手 2 tr.  discontinue, cancel, retract 撤销；取消；收回  withdrew my support  撤销我的支持 the promise was later withdrawn  收回承诺 3 tr.  remove; take away 撤退；使退出  withdrew the child from school  叫孩子退学 withdrew their troops  让他们的部队撤退 4 tr.  take (money) out of an account 从账户上取(钱) 5 intr.  retire or go away; move away or back 退出；离开；撤退；撤离 6 intr. (as 作 withdrawn adj.)  abnormally shy and unsociable; mentally detached 怕羞的；离群索居的；精神上超然的 [Middle English, from with- ‘away’ (as WITH) + DRAW]

withdrawal /wiðˈdrɔ:(ə)l/ n.  1  the act or an instance of withdrawing or being withdrawn 收回；取回；撤回 2  a process of ceasing to take addictive drugs, often with an unpleasant physical reaction 戒除毒瘾的过程(常有不适反应)  withdrawal symptoms  戒毒过程中出现的症状 3  = COITUS INTERRUPTUS 

withdrawing room n. archaic [古义]  = DRAWING ROOM 1 

withe /wiθ, wið, waið/ n. (also 亦作 withy /ˈwiði/) (pl. withes or -ies)  a tough flexible shoot, esp. of willow or osier, used for tying a bundle of wood etc. (用于捆扎木材等用的)藤条；柳条 [Old English withthe, withig from Germanic: related to WIRE]

wither /ˈwiðə/ v.  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  make or become dry and shrivelled (使)干枯；变枯萎；凋谢  withered flowers  凋谢了的花 2 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 away)  deprive of or lose vigour, vitality, freshness, or importance (使)失去体力、活力、生机或重要性 3 intr.  decay, decline 衰弱；衰退 4 tr.  a  blight with scorn etc. (以鄙视等态度)使难堪b (as 作 withering adj.)  scornful 轻蔑的；使人难堪的  a withering look  轻蔑的目光 □ witheringly  adv.   [Middle English, apparently variant of WEATHER differentiated for certain senses]

withers /ˈwiðəz/ n. pl.  the ridge between a horse's shoulder blades 马肩隆(马肩骨间的隆起部) [shortening of 16th-c. widersome, widersone from wider-, wither- ‘against’ (cf. WITH), as the part that resists the strain of the collar: second element obscure]

withershins var.  of WIDDERSHINS  WIDDERSHINS 的变体

withhold /wiðˈhəʊld/ v. tr. (past and past part. -held /-ˈheld/)  1 (often foll. by 常后跟 from)  hold back; restrain 阻止；抑制 2  refuse to give, grant, or allow 拒绝给予；不答应；不允许  withhold one's consent  拒不同意 withhold the truth  不吐露真相 □ withholder  n.   [Middle English, from with- ‘away’ (as WITH) + HOLD1]

within /wiðˈin/ adv. & prep. ●adv. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  inside; to, at, or on the inside; internally 在里面；到(或在)内部；内部地 2  indoors 在室内  is anyone within?  屋里有人吗？ 3  in spirit 在内心，灵魂里  make me pure within  使我灵魂净化 4 Brit.  inside the city walls [英]在城墙以内  Bishopsgate within  主教门内 ●prep.  1  inside; enclosed or contained by 在…里面；被围(或含)在…里面 2  a  not beyond or exceeding 不超过  within one's means  不超过某人收入b  not transgressing 不违犯  within the law  在法律允许范围内，合法 within reason  合乎情理 3  not further off than 不远于，不出，在…以内  within three miles of a station  离车站不出 3 英里 within shouting distance  在听得见的距离内 within ten days  10 天之内 □ within doors   in or into a house 在户内；(进)到屋内□ within one's grasp   see 见 GRASP □ within reach (or sight) of   near enough to be reached or seen 在够得着(或听得见)的范围内 [Old English withinnan ‘on the inside’ (as WITH, innan (adv. & prep.) ‘within’, formed as IN)]

with it adj. & adv. colloq. [口] ●adj. (hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符)  1  up to date; conversant with modern ideas etc. 时髦的，时兴的；对现代的观念等了如指掌的 2  alert and comprehending 留心的；领悟的 ●adv.  besides, in addition 而且，此外，并且  she was intelligent and amusing with it  她聪明又有趣

without /wiðˈaʊt/ prep. & adv. ●prep.  1  not having, feeling, or showing 无；未感觉或未显出  came without any money  没带钱来 without hesitation  毫不犹豫 without any emotion  毫无情感 2  with freedom from 不，免于  without fear  不害怕 without embarrassment  不困窘 3  in the absence of 在没有(或缺少)的情况下  cannot live without you  没有你我活不下去 the train left without us  火车把我们落下开走了 4  with neglect or avoidance of 忽略；回避  do not leave without telling me  别不告诉我就走 5 archaic  outside [古义]在…外面  without the city wall  在城墙外面 ●adv. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  outside 在外面  seen from without  从外面看 2  out of doors 在户外  remained shivering without  在门外冷得发抖 3  in outward appearance 外表上  rough without but kind within  面恶心善 4 Brit.  outside the city walls [英]在城墙之外  Bishopsgate without  主教门外 □ without end   infinite, eternal 无穷的，无尽的 [Old English withūtan (as WITH, ūtan ‘from outside’, formed as OUT)]■Usage 用法说明 The use of without as a conj., as in Do not leave without you tell me, is non-standard. without 用作连词，如在 Do not leave without you tell me (不要不告诉我就离开)句中，不是标准英语。 

with-profits adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.) Brit. (of an insurance policy) allowing the holder a share of profits made by the company, usu. in the form of a bonus [英] (指保险单)允许持有人分享保险公司利润的(通常以红利形式)

withstand /wiðˈstænd/ v. (past and past part. -stood /-ˈstʊd/)  1 tr.  oppose, resist, hold out against (a person, force, etc.) 对抗；抵住；挡住(人或力量等) 2 intr.  make opposition; offer resistance 对抗，反抗 □ withstander  n.   [Old English withstandan, from with- ‘against’ (as WITH) + STAND]

withy /ˈwiði/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a willow of any species 柳树 2 var.  of WITHE WITHE 的变体

witless /ˈwitlis/ adj.  1  lacking wits; foolish, stupid 不明事理的；愚蠢的，笨的 2  crazy 发疯的；精神错乱的 □ witlessly  adv.  □ witlessness  n.   [Old English witlēas (as WIT1, -LESS)]

witling /ˈwitliŋ/ n. archaic usu. derog. [古义] [通常贬]  a person who fancies himself or herself as a wit 自作聪明的人

witness /ˈwitnis/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a person present at some event and able to give information about it (cf. 参见 EYEWITNESS) 目击者；见证人 2  a  a person giving sworn testimony 经宣誓的证人b  a person attesting another's signature to a document (见证某人签署文件的)连署人 3 (foll. by 后跟 to, of)  a person or thing whose existence, condition, etc., attests or proves something 可作证据的人或物  is a living witness to their generosity  是他们慷慨行为的活见证 4  testimony, evidence, confirmation 证词；证据；证实 ●v.  1 tr.  be a witness of (an event etc.) 目击；注意到(事件等)  did you witness the accident?  你目睹了这一事故吗？ 2 tr.  be witness to the authenticity of (a document or signature) 为(文件或签名的)真实性作证 3 tr.  serve as evidence or an indication of 作为…的证据；表明 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 against, for, to)  give or serve as evidence 证明；作为证据 5 tr. (as 作 imper.)  introducing an illustration of the preceding statement 引出前述的例证  he is an accomplished musician: witness his performance last week at the Albert Hall  他是位技艺精湛的音乐家，上周他在艾伯特纪念堂的演出可以证明 □ bear witness to (or of)   1  attest the truth of 证实；表明 2  state one's belief in 表示确信□ call to witness   appeal to for confirmation etc. 传…作证；请…证明 [Old English witnes (as WIT1, -NESS)]

witness box n. (US [美] witness-stand)  an enclosure in a law court from which witnesses give evidence 证人席

witter /ˈwitə/ v. intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 on) Brit. colloq.  speak tediously on trivial matters [英口]没完没了地唠叨一些琐事 [19th c.: probably imitative]

witticism /ˈwitisiz(ə)m/ n.  a witty remark 妙语，俏皮话 [coined by Dryden (1677) from WITTY, on the pattern of criticism]

witting /ˈwitiŋ/ adj.  1  aware 知道的；意识到的 2  intentional 故意的，有意的 □ wittingly  adv.   [Middle English, from WIT2 + -ING2]

witty /ˈwiti/ adj. (wittier, wittiest)  1  showing verbal wit (言辞)巧妙的，妙趣横生的 2  characterized by wit or humour 有幽默感的，有才智的 □ wittily  adv.  □ wittiness  n.   [Old English witig, wittig (as WIT1, -Y1)]

wivern var.  of WYVERN  WYVERN 的变体

wives pl.  of WIFE  

wiz var.  of WHIZZ  n. 2 WHIZZ 的名词释义 2 的变体

wizard /ˈwizəd/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a sorcerer; a magician 男巫；魔术师 2  a person of remarkable powers, a genius 奇才，能手，天才 3  a conjuror 变戏法的人 ●adj. esp. Brit. archaic slang  wonderful, excellent [尤英古义] [俚语]极好的，杰出的 □ wizardly  adj.  □ wizardry  n.   [Middle English, from WISE1 + -ARD]

wizened /ˈwiz(ə)nd/ adj. (also 亦作 wizen) (of a person or face etc.) shrivelled-looking (人或面部等)干枯的；干瘪的 [past part. of wizen ‘shrivel’ from Old English wisnian, from Germanic]

wk. abbr. [缩略]  1  week  2  work  3  weak 

wks. abbr. [缩略]  weeks 

Wm. abbr.  William [缩略]威廉(男子名)

WMO abbr.  World Meteorological Organization [缩略]世界气象组织

WNW abbr. [缩略]  west-north-west 

WO abbr. [缩略]  Warrant Officer 

w.o. abbr. [缩略]  walkover 

wo /wəʊ/ int.  = WHOA  [variant of interjection who, HO]

woad /wəʊd/ n.  1  a cruciferous plant, Isatis tinctoria, yielding a blue dye now superseded by indigo 菘蓝(一种植物) 2  the dye obtained from this 靛蓝(从菘蓝中提取的染料) [Old English wɑˉd, from Germanic]

wobbegong /ˈwɒbiɡɒŋ/ n.  an Australian brown shark, Orectolobus maculatus, patterned with buff markings 斑纹须鲨(产于澳大利亚的一种棕色鲨鱼，身上有暗黄色斑纹) [perhaps Aboriginal (NSW)]

wobble /ˈwɒb(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1  a intr.  sway or vibrate unsteadily from side to side 摆动；震颤b tr.  cause to do this 使摆动；使颤动 2 intr.  stand or go unsteadily; stagger 站立不稳；走不稳；摇晃 3 intr.  waver, vacillate; act inconsistently 踌躇，犹豫不决；摇摆不定 4 intr. (of the voice or sound) quaver, pulsate (指嗓音或声音)颤抖，振动 ●n.  1  a wobbling movement 摆动，摇摆 2  an instance of vacillation or pulsation 摇摆不定；踌躇；颤动 [earlier wabble, corresponding to Low German wabbeln, Old Norse vafla ‘waver’, from Germanic: related to WAVE, WAVER]

wobble-board n. Austral.  a piece of fibreboard used as a musical instrument with a low booming sound [澳]晃动板(一种用作乐器的纤维板，发低沉音)

wobbler /ˈwɒblə/ n.  1  a person or thing that wobbles 摇摆不定的人或物 2 colloq. [口]  = WOBBLY  3  a lure that wobbles and does not spin, used in angling (钓鱼用的)匙状假饵

wobbly /ˈwɒbli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (wobblier, wobbliest)  1  wobbling or tending to wobble 摇晃的；有摇晃趋势的 2  wavy, undulating 波动的，起伏的  a wobbly line  弯弯曲曲的线 3  unsteady, shaky; weak after illness 不稳的；颤抖的；(病后)虚弱的  feeling wobbly  感到虚弱 4  wavering, vacillating, insecure 踌躇的；摇摆不定的；不稳定的  the economy was wobbly  经济不稳定 ●n. (in phr. 用于短语 throw a wobbly) Brit. colloq.  have a fit of nerves or temper [英口]发神经病；发脾气 □ wobbliness  n.  

wodge /wɒdʒ/ n. Brit. colloq.  a chunk or lump [英口]一大块；一团 [alteration of WEDGE1]

woe /wəʊ/ n. archaic or literary [古义] [文学用语]  1  affliction; bitter grief; distress 痛苦；悲哀，悲伤 2 (in pl. 用复数)  calamities, troubles 灾难；不幸；麻烦 3 joc.  problems [诙]问题，麻烦事  told me a tale of woe  告诉了我一件倒霉的事 □ woe betide   there will be unfortunate consequences for (某人)将要倒霉(或遭殃)  woe betide you if you are late  你如果迟到就得倒霉□ woe is me  often joc.  an exclamation of distress [常诙] (表示悲伤)我好倒霉啊！  [Old English wɑˉ, wœˉ from Germanic, a natural exclamation of lament]

woebegone /ˈwəʊbiɡɒn/ adj.  dismal-looking 愁眉苦脸的；悲伤的 [WOE + begone ‘surrounded’ from Old English begɑˉn (as BE-, GO1)]

woeful /ˈwəʊfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  sorrowful; afflicted with distress 悲哀的，悲伤的；悲痛的  a woeful expression  悲伤的表情 2  causing sorrow or affliction 引起痛苦的，引起悲痛的 3  very bad; wretched 糟糕的；可怜的；悲惨的  woeful ignorance  可悲的无知 □ woefully  adv.  □ woefulness  n.  

wog1 /wɒɡ/ n. Brit. slang offens.  a foreigner, esp. a non-white one [英] [俚语] [冒犯]外国佬(尤指非白种人) [20th c.: origin unknown]

wog2 /wɒɡ/ n. Austral. slang  an illness or infection [澳] [俚语]疾病；传染病 [20th c.: origin unknown]

woggle /ˈwɒɡ(ə)l/ n.  a leather etc. ring through which the ends of a Scout's neckerchief are passed at the neck (童子军的)系领巾皮圈 [20th c.: origin unknown]

wok /wɒk/ n.  a bowl-shaped frying pan used in esp. Chinese cookery 镬子，(尤指中国式的)锅 [Cantonese]

woke past  of WAKE1  

woken past part.  of WAKE1  

wold /wəʊld/ n.  a piece of high open uncultivated land or moor (不毛的)山地，高地；荒野 [Old English wald from Germanic, perhaps related to WILD: cf. WEALD]

wolf /wʊlf/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. wolves /wʊlvz/)  1  a  a wild flesh-eating tawny-grey mammal, Canis lupus, of northern regions, related to the dog and hunting in packs Also called 亦称作 grey wolf, timber wolf 狼b  any of several related animals 类似狼的动物 2 colloq.  a man given to seducing women [口]色狼，色鬼 3  a rapacious or greedy person 残忍的人；贪婪的人 4 Mus. 【音】  a  a jarring sound from some notes in a bowed instrument (弓弦乐器产生的)狼音，粗厉音b  an out-of-tune effect when playing certain chords on old organs (before the present ‘equal temperament’ was in use) 不谐和音 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 down)  devour (food) greedily 贪婪地吃，狼吞虎咽地吃 □ cry wolf   raise repeated false alarms (so that a genuine one is disregarded) 喊“狼来了”；发假警报(这样真的警报会被忽视)□ have (or hold) a wolf by the ears   be in a precarious position 处于危急境地□ keep the wolf from the door   avert hunger or starvation 免于穷困或挨饿□ throw to the wolves   sacrifice without compunction 弃…于危险(或困难)境地而不顾□ wolf in sheep's clothing   a hostile person who pretends friendship 披着羊皮的狼；伪装友善的敌人□ wolfish  adj.  □ wolfishly  adv.  □ wolflike  adj. & adv.   [Old English wulf, from Germanic]

wolf cub n.  1  a young wolf 幼狼，狼崽 2 Brit.  the former name for a Cub Scout [英]幼童军的旧称

wolf-fish n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  any large voracious blenny of the genus Anarhichas 狼鱼

wolfhound /ˈwʊlfhaʊnd/ n.  any of several breeds of large dog originally bred to hunt wolves 猎狼犬

wolf pack n.  an attacking group of submarines or aircraft (协同攻击的)潜艇群；战斗机群

wolfram /ˈwʊlfrəm/ n.  1  tungsten 钨 2  tungsten ore; a native tungstate of iron and manganese 钨矿石；钨锰铁矿 [German: perhaps from Wolf WOLF + Rahm ‘cream’, or Middle High German rɑˉm ‘dirt, soot’]

wolframite /ˈwʊlfrəmait/ n.  = WOLFRAM 2 

wolfsbane /ˈwʊlfsbein/ n.  an aconite, esp. Aconitum lycoctonum 乌头；狼毒乌头

wolfskin /ˈwʊlfskin/ n.  1  the skin of a wolf 狼皮 2  a mat, cloak, etc., made from this (垫子、斗篷等)狼皮制品

wolf's-milk n.  spurge 大戟

wolf spider n.  any ground-dwelling spider of the family Lycosidae, hunting instead of trapping its prey 狼蛛(在地面生活不结网而游荡猎食的蜘蛛)

wolf whistle n. & v. ●n.  a whistle made to indicate sexual admiration (男子见到动人女子表示艳羡时吹的)挑逗口哨声 ●v. intr. (wolf-whistle)  make a wolf whistle 吹挑逗口哨

wolverine /ˈwʊlvəri:n/ n. (also 亦作 wolverene)  = GLUTTON 3  [16th-c. wolvering, somehow derived from wolv-, stem of WOLF]

wolves pl.  of WOLF  

woman /ˈwʊmən/ n. (pl. women /ˈwimin/)  1  an adult human female 成年女子，妇女 2  the female sex; any or an average woman (总称)女性，女人  how does woman differ from man?  女人和男人有什么不同？ 3 colloq.  a wife or female sexual partner [口]妻子；情人 4 (prec. by 前接 the)  emotions or characteristics traditionally associated with women 女子的感情；女子的气质  brought out the woman in him  显出了他的女人气 5 colloq.  a man with characteristics traditionally associated with women [口]女子气的男人 6 (作 attrib.)  female 女的，女性的  woman driver  女司机 women friends  女性朋友 7 (as second element in comb. 在复合词中作第二构词成分)  a woman of a specified nationality, profession, skill, etc. 有特定国籍、职业、专长等的女人  Englishwoman  英国女人 horsewoman  女骑手，女骑师 8 colloq.  a female domestic help [口]女仆；打杂女工 9 archaic or hist.  a queen's etc. female attendant ranking below lady [古义] [史义]宫廷女侍；女婢  woman of the bedchamber  寝室侍女 □ womanless  adj.  □ womanlike  adj.   [Old English wīfmon, -man (as WIFE, MAN), a formation peculiar to English, the ancient word being WIFE]

womanhood /ˈwʊmənhʊd/ n.  1  female maturity 女子成年期；成年女子的身份(或状态) 2  womanly instinct 女子的本能或直觉；女子特性 3  womankind 妇女，女性

womanish /ˈwʊməniʃ/ adj. usu. derog. [通常贬]  1 (of a man) effeminate, unmanly (指男人)女子气的，没有男子气概的 2  suitable to or characteristic of a woman 适合于女子的；女子特有的 □ womanishly  adv.  □ womanishness  n.  

womanist /ˈwʊmənist/ n. esp. US  a black feminist [尤美]倡导男女平等主义的黑人；黑人女权主义者

womanize /ˈwʊmənaiz/ v. (also 亦作 -ise)  1 intr.  chase after women; philander 追逐女人；玩弄女性 2 tr.  make womanish 使有女人腔；使柔弱 □ womanizer  n.  

womankind /ˈwʊmənkaind/ n. (also 亦作 womenkind /ˈwimin-/)  women in general (总称)女人，女性■Usage 用法说明 It is preferable to use womankind, corresponding to mankind, rather than womenkind. 相对于 mankind ，使用 womankind 较之 womenkind 更好。 

womanly /ˈwʊmənli/ adj. (of a woman) having or showing qualities traditionally associated with women; not masculine or girlish (指女子)有传统的女子特性或品格的；不男性化或小女孩气的 □ womanliness  n.  

woman of the streets n.  a prostitute 妓女，娼妓

womb /wu:m/ n.  1  the organ of conception and gestation in a woman and other female mammals; the uterus 子宫 2  a place of origination and development 发源地 □ womb-like  adj.   [Old English wamb, womb]

wombat /ˈwɒmbæt/ n.  any burrowing plant-eating Australian marsupial of the family Vombatidae, resembling a small bear, with short legs 毛鼻袋熊(产于澳洲，貌似小熊，腿短) [Dharuk]

women pl.  of WOMAN  

womenfolk /ˈwiminfəʊk/ n.  1  women in general 女人们 2  the women in a family 家庭妇女

womenkind var.  of WOMANKIND  WOMANKIND 的变体

Women's Institute n.  an organization of women, esp. in rural areas, who meet regularly and participate in crafts, cultural activities, etc. 妇女协会(尤指农村地区妇女定期集会并参加工艺和文化活动等的妇女组织)

women's lib n. colloq. [口]  = WOMEN'S LIBERATION  □ women's libber  n.  妇女解放运动者，女权运动者

women's liberation n.  1  the liberation of women from inequalities and subservient status in relation to men, and from attitudes causing these 妇女解放 2 (Women's Liberation) (also 亦作 Women's Movement)  a movement campaigning for this 妇女解放运动

women's rights n. pl.  rights that promote a position of legal and social equality of women with men 女权

womenswear /ˈwiminzwɛə/ n.  clothes for women 妇女服装

won past and past part.  of WIN 

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an emotion excited by what is unexpected, unfamiliar, or inexplicable, esp. surprise mingled with admiration or curiosity etc. (尤指惊奇、钦佩、好奇等兼而有之的)惊讶，诧异，惊奇，惊叹 2  a strange or remarkable person or thing, specimen, event, etc. 奇人；奇物；奇形；奇事(等) 3 (作 attrib.)  having marvellous or amazing properties etc. 奇妙的，奇特的  a wonder drug  特效药 4  a surprising thing 奇迹  it is a wonder you were not hurt  你没有受伤真是个奇迹 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, or to + infin.)  be filled with wonder or great surprise 感到惊奇，惊讶，诧异 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 that + clause)  be surprised to find 对…感到惊奇 3 tr.  desire or be curious to know 想知道；对…感到好奇  I wonder what the time is  我想知道是什么时间了 4 tr.  expressing a tentative enquiry (表示试探的询问)不知  I wonder whether you would mind?  我不知道你是否会介意？ □ I shouldn't wonder  colloq.  I think it likely [口]我觉得不足为奇□ I wonder   I very much doubt it 我很怀疑，不能确定□ no (or small) wonder  (often foll. by 常后跟 that + clause)  one cannot be surprised; one might have guessed; it is natural 并不奇怪；在猜测之中；十分自然□ the seven wonders of the world   seven buildings and monuments regarded in antiquity as specially remarkable 世界七大奇迹(指古代蔚为奇观的七大建筑)□ wonders will never cease   an exclamation of extreme (usu. agreeable) surprise (极感惊奇，尤指惊喜的感叹)真是无奇不有！□ work (or do) wonders   1  do miracles 创造奇迹；产生奇妙的作用 2  succeed remarkably 非常成功；取得惊人的成就□ wonderer  n.   [Old English wundor, wundrian, of unknown origin]

wonderful /ˈwʌndəfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  very remarkable or admirable 非凡的；奇异的，奇妙的 2  arousing wonder 令人惊奇的；令人惊叹的 □ wonderfully  adv.  □ wonderfulness  n.   [Old English wunderfull (as WONDER, -FUL)]

wondering /ˈwʌnd(ə)riŋ/ adj.  filled with wonder; marvelling 惊异的；感到惊奇的  their wondering gaze  他们惊讶的目光 □ wonderingly  adv.  

wonderland /ˈwʌndəlænd/ n.  1  a fairyland 仙境；奇境 2  a land of surprises or marvels 美好的地方；奇妙的地方

wonderment /ˈwʌndəm(ə)nt/ n.  1  surprise, awe 惊奇，惊讶；敬畏 2 (in pl. 用复数) literary  marvels [文学用语]奇迹；奇事；奇观

wonder-struck adj. (also 亦作 wonder-stricken)  reduced to silence by wonder 惊奇万分的，惊呆了的

wonder-worker n.  a person who performs wonders 作出惊人之举者；创造奇迹者 □ wonder-working  attrib. adj.  

wondrous /ˈwʌndrəs/ adj. & adv. poet. [诗] ●adj.  wonderful 令人惊奇的；奇妙的 ●adv.  wonderfully 出奇地；非常，极其  wondrous kind  非常和蔼 □ wondrously  adv.  □ wondrousness  n.   [alteration of obsolete wonders (adj. & adv.), = genitive of WONDER, on the pattern of marvellous]

wonky /ˈwɒŋki/ adj. (wonkier, wonkiest) Brit. slang [英] [俚语]  1  crooked, off-centre, askew 歪的，歪斜的 2  loose, unsteady 不牢固的，不稳的 3  unreliable 不可靠的 □ wonkily  adv.  □ wonkiness  n.   [fanciful formation]

won't /wəʊnt/ contr. [缩合]  will not 

wont /wəʊnt/ adj., n. & v. ●predic. adj. (foll. by 后跟 to + infin.) archaic or literary  accustomed [古义] [文学用语]通常的，习惯的  as we were wont to say  如我们通常所说 ●n. formal or joc.  what is customary, one's habit [正式] [诙]惯常做法；个人习惯  as is my wont  像我惯常那样 ●v. tr. & intr. (3rd sing. present wonts or wont; past wont or wonted) archaic  make or become accustomed [古义] (使)习惯于；变得习惯于 [Old English gewunod, past part. of gewunian, from wunian ‘dwell’]

wonted /ˈwəʊntid/ attrib. adj.  habitual, accustomed, usual 惯常的；通常的；习惯了的

wonton /wɒnˈtɒn/ n. (in Chinese cookery) a small round dumpling or roll with a savoury filling, usu. eaten boiled in soup (中餐中的)馄饨，云吞 [Cantonese wɑˉn tˈɑˉn]

woo /wu:/ v. tr. (woos, wooed)  1  court; seek the hand or love of (a woman) 追求；(向女子)求婚；求爱 2  try to win (fame, fortune, etc.) 想要获取(名声、财富等) 3  seek the favour or support of 争取；寻求支持 4  coax or importune 劝诱；恳求；强求 □ wooable  adj.  □ wooer  n.   [Old English wōgian (v. intr.), ɑˉwōgian (v. tr.), of unknown origin]

wood /wʊd/ n.  1  a  a hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrub 木；木质部b  this cut for timber or for fuel, or for use in crafts, manufacture, etc. 木材；木柴；木料(用于工艺、加工制造等) 2 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  growing trees densely occupying a tract of land 森林；树林；林地 3 (prec. by 前接 the)  wooden storage, esp. a cask, for wine etc. (尤指装酒等的)木桶  poured straight from the wood  直接从木桶里倒出来 4  a wooden-headed golf club, or any club with a head relatively broad from face to back 顶部为木制的高尔夫球棒；(带有较宽的头的)木棒 5  = BOWL2n. 1  □ not see the wood for the trees   fail to grasp the main issue from over-attention to details 见树不见林，见小不见大；以偏概全□ out of the wood (or US [美] woods)   out of danger or difficulty 脱离险境(或困境)□ woodless  adj.   [Old English wudu, wi(o)du, from Germanic]

wood alcohol n.  methanol 甲醇，木醇

wood anemone n.  a wild spring-flowering anemone, Anemone nemorosa 五叶银莲花；栎林银莲花

woodbind /ˈwʊdbaind/ n.  = WOODBINE 

woodbine /ˈwʊdbain/ n.  1  wild honeysuckle 野生忍冬 2 US  Virginia creeper [美]五叶地锦

woodblock /ˈwʊdblɒk/ n.  a block from which woodcuts are made 木刻印版；版木

woodcarver /ˈwʊdkɑ:və/ n.  1  a person who carves designs in relief on wood 木雕艺人，木雕家 2  a tool for carving wood 木雕工具

woodcarving /ˈwʊdkɑ:viŋ/ n.  1 (also 亦作 attrib.)  the act or process of carving wood 木雕 2 (also 亦作 attrib.)  the art or skill of woodcarving 木雕术 3  a design in wood produced by this art 木雕品

woodchat /ˈwʊdtʃæt/ n. (in full 全称 woodchat shrike)  a shrike, Lanius senator, of S. Europe, N. Africa, and the Middle East, having black and white plumage with a chestnut head 歌鸲；伯劳(产于南欧、北非和中东)

woodchip /ˈwʊdtʃip/ n.  1  a chip of wood 木片，刨花 2 (in full 全称 woodchip paper)  wallpaper with woodchips etc. embedded in it to give an uneven surface texture 凹凸墙纸

woodchuck /ˈwʊdtʃʌk/ n.  a reddish-brown and grey N. American marmot, Marmota monax (北美)土拨鼠 [probably Algonquian: cf. Cree wuchak, otchock]

woodcock /ˈwʊdkɒk/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  any game bird of the genus Scolopax, inhabiting woodland 丘鹬，山鹬，北美山鹬

woodcraft /ˈwʊdkrɑ:ft/ n. esp. N. Amer. [尤北美]  1  skill in woodwork 木工技术 2  knowledge of woodland esp. in camping, scouting, etc. 森林知识(尤指露营、侦察等)

woodcut /ˈwʊdkʌt/ n.  1  a relief cut on a block of wood sawn along the grain (顺木块纹理的)木刻 2  a print made from this, esp. as an illustration in a book 木版画(尤指作书中插图的) 3  the technique of making such reliefs and prints 木版画和木刻技术

woodcutter /ˈwʊdkʌtə/ n.  1  a person who cuts wood 伐木人；樵夫 2  a maker of woodcuts 木刻家

wooded /ˈwʊdid/ adj.  having woods or many trees 长满树木的；树木茂盛的

wooden /ˈwʊd(ə)n/ adj.  1  made of wood 木制的 2  like wood 木头似的 3  a  stiff, clumsy, or stilted; without animation or flexibility 呆板的；笨拙的；非常拘谨的；不灵活的  wooden movements  呆板的动作 a wooden performance  笨拙的表演b  expressionless 无表情的  a wooden stare  呆滞的目光 □ woodenly  adv.  □ woodenness  /ˈwʊd(ə)nnis/ n.  

wood engraving n.  1  a relief cut on a block of wood sawn across the grain (在木块横断面上的)木刻，木口木刻 2  a print made from this (在木块横断面上的)木刻印版 3  the technique of making such reliefs and prints 木口木刻及印版技术 □ wood engraver  n.  

wooden-head n. colloq. [口]  a stupid person 愚蠢的人，笨蛋，傻瓜 □ wooden-headed  n.  □ wooden-headedness  n.  

wooden horse n.  = TROJAN HORSE 1 

wooden spoon n. esp. Brit.  a booby prize (originally a spoon given to the candidate coming last in the Cambridge mathematical tripos) [尤英]末名奖(旧时英国剑桥大学数学荣誉学位考试中给予最后一名的木匙)

wood fibre n.  fibre obtained from wood esp. as material for paper (尤指造纸用的)木纤维

wood-grain attrib. adj. (of a finish) imitating the grain pattern of wood (指最后一道涂饰)仿木纹的

woodgrouse /ˈwʊdɡraʊs/ n.  = CAPERCAILLIE 

wood hyacinth n.  = BLUEBELL 1 

woodland /ˈwʊdlənd/ n.  wooded country, woods 林区，林地 often 常作 attrib.: woodland scenery  林区景色 □ woodlander  n.  

woodlark /ˈwʊdlɑ:k/ n.  a lark, Lullula arborea 森林云雀

woodlouse /ˈwʊdlaʊs/ n. (pl. -lice /-lais/)  any small terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus Oniscus etc. feeding on rotten wood etc. and often able to roll into a ball 鼠妇，潮虫，窃虫(以腐木为食，常可蜷成一团)

woodman /ˈwʊdmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a forester 护林官；林区人 2  a woodcutter 樵夫；伐木人

wood mouse n.  = FIELD MOUSE 

woodnote /ˈwʊdnəʊt/ n. (often in pl. 常用复数)  a natural or spontaneous note of a bird etc. 林中鸟等的叫声

wood nymph n. Mythol.  a dryad or hamadryad 【神话】森林女神；树神

woodpecker /ˈwʊdpekə/ n.  any bird of the family Picidae that climbs and taps tree trunks in search of insects 啄木鸟

wood pigeon n.  a dove, Columba palumbus, having white patches like a ring round its neck Also called 亦称作 RING-DOVE 斑尾林鸽

woodpile /ˈwʊdpail/ n.  a pile of wood, esp. for fuel 木柴堆；木料堆

wood pulp n.  wood fibre reduced chemically or mechanically to pulp as raw material for paper 木浆(造纸原料)

wood rat n.  a rat of the N. American genus Neotoma (北美)林鼠

woodruff /ˈwʊdrʌf/ n.  a white-flowered plant of the genus Galium, esp. G. odoratum grown for the fragrance of its whorled leaves when dried or crushed (香)车叶草

woodrush /ˈwʊdrʌʃ/ n.  any grassy herbaceous plant of the genus Luzula 地杨梅属植物

woodscrew  see 见 SCREW n. 2 

woodshed /ˈwʊdʃed/ n.  a shed where wood for fuel is stored 木柴间，柴棚 □ something nasty in the woodshed  Brit. colloq.  a shocking or distasteful thing kept secret [英口]令人震惊或肮脏的秘密

woodsman /ˈwʊdzmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a person who lives in or is familiar with woodland 林区人；熟悉森林知识的人 2  a person skilled in woodcraft 精通木工技术的人

woodsmoke /ˈwʊdsməʊk/ n.  the smoke from a wood fire 柴火烟

wood sorrel n.  a small plant, Oxalis acetosella, with trifoliate leaves and white flowers streaked with purple 酢浆草(三叶矮小植株，花白色带紫色条纹)

wood spirit n.  crude methanol obtained from wood 木精，甲醇

wood stain n.  a commercially-produced substance for colouring wood (商用的)木材着色料

woodsy /ˈwʊdzi/ adj. N. Amer.  like or characteristic of woods [北美]像树林的；树林特有的 [formed irregularly from WOOD + -Y1]

woodturning /ˈwʊdtɜ:niŋ/ n.  the shaping of wood with a lathe 木工车床加工 □ woodturner  n.  

wood warbler n.  1  a European woodland bird, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, with a trilling song (欧洲)森莺，林莺 2  any American warbler of the family Parulidae 美洲莺

woodwasp /ˈwʊdwɒsp/ n.  any large sawfly of the family Siricidae, with a long ovipositor and wood-boring larvae, esp. the very large Urocerus gigas, that resembles a hornet and is a pest of conifers 树蜂(形似大黄蜂，为针叶树的害虫)

woodwind /ˈwʊdwind/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  1 (collect. 集合名词)  the wind instruments of the orchestra that were (mostly) originally made of wood, e.g. the flute and clarinet 管乐器(原大多由木头制成，如长笛、竖笛) 2 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  an individual instrument of this kind or its player 单个木管乐器或其演奏者  the woodwinds are out of tune  木管乐器走调了

wood wool n. Brit.  fine pine etc. shavings used as a surgical dressing or for packing [英]木绒(指松木等的细刨花，用于外科敷裹或物品包装)

woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜ:k/ n.  1  the making of things in wood 木工活，木工手艺 2  things made of wood, esp. the wooden parts of a building 木制品(尤指建筑物的木建部分) □ crawl (or come) out of the woodwork  colloq. (of something unwelcome) appear; become known [口] (某种不受欢迎的东西)出现；公开露面□ woodworker  n.  □ woodworking  n.  

woodworm /ˈwʊdwɜ:m/ n.  1  the wood-boring larva of the furniture beetle 木蛀虫，木蠹 2  the damaged condition of wood affected by this 木蛀虫害，木蠹虫害

woody /ˈwʊdi/ adj. (woodier, woodiest)  1 (of a region) wooded; abounding in woods (指地区)树木繁茂的；长满树木的 2  like or of wood 木头似的；木头的；木质的  woody tissue  木质组织 □ woodiness  n.  

woodyard /ˈwʊdjɑ:d/ n.  a yard where wood is used or stored 堆木场，贮木场

woody nightshade  see 见 NIGHTSHADE 

woof1 /wʊf/ n. & v. ●n.  the gruff bark of a dog 狗的吠声 ●v. intr.  give a woof 发出吠声 [imitative]

woof2 /wu:f/ n.  = WEFT1 1  [Old English ōwef, alteration of ōwebb (influenced by wefan WEAVE1), formed as A-2, WEB: later influenced by warp]

woofer /ˈwu:fə/ n.  a loudspeaker designed to reproduce low frequencies (cf. 参见 TWEETER) 低音扬声器，低音喇叭 [WOOF1 + -ER1]

woofter /ˈwʊftə, ˈwu:-/ n. slang derog. [俚语] [贬]  = POOF1  [alteration of POOFTER]

wool /wʊl/ n.  1  fine soft wavy hair from the fleece of sheep, goats, etc. 羊等的毛 2  a  yarn produced from this hair 毛线b  cloth or clothing made from it 毛料；毛料衣物 3  any of various wool-like substances 像羊毛的物质  steel wool  钢棉 4  soft short under-fur or down (动物的)绒毛 5 colloq.  a person's hair, esp. when short and curly [口] (尤指)短鬈发 □ pull the wool over a person's eyes   deceive a person 蒙骗某人□ wool-like  adj.   [Old English wull, from Germanic]

wool-fat n.  lanolin 羊毛脂

wool-fell n. Brit.  the skin of a sheep etc. with the fleece still on [英] (羊等的)毛皮

wool-gathering n.  absent-mindedness; dreamy inattention 心不在焉；胡思乱想

wool-grower n.  a breeder of sheep for wool 为剪集羊毛而牧羊者，羊毛生产者

woollen /ˈwʊlən/ adj. & n. (US [美] woolen) ●adj.  made wholly or partly of wool, esp. from short fibres (全部或部分)用羊毛(尤指短毛)制的 ●n.  1  a fabric produced from wool 毛织物，呢绒 2 (in pl. 用复数)  woollen garments 毛衣；毛料衣服 [Old English wullen (as WOOL, -EN2)]

woolly /ˈwʊli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (woollier, woolliest)  1  bearing or naturally covered with wool or wool-like hair 羊毛覆盖的；毛茸茸的 2  resembling or suggesting wool 像羊毛的  woolly clouds  卷毛云 3  made of wool, woollen 羊毛(制)的 4 (of a sound) indistinct (指声音)粗犷的 5 (of thought) vague or confused (指思绪，想法)模糊的，混乱的 6  lacking in definition, luminosity, or incisiveness 不清楚的；不亮的；不鲜明的 ●n. (pl. -ies) esp. Brit. colloq.  a woollen garment, esp. a knitted pullover [尤英口]毛衣(尤指针织套衫) □ woolliness  n.  

woolly-bear n.  1  a large hairy caterpillar, esp. of the tiger moth 大毛虫(尤指灯蛾毛虫) 2  the small hairy larva of a carpet beetle, destructive to textiles, insect collections, etc. (破坏织物等的)地毯圆皮蠹的幼虫

woolman /ˈwʊlmən/ n. (pl. -men)  a dealer in wool, a wool merchant or breeder of sheep 羊毛商人；养羊人

wool-oil n.  suint 羊毛脂

woolpack /ˈwʊlpæk/ n.  1  a fleecy cumulus cloud 卷毛云 2 hist.  a bale of wool [史义]一包羊毛

Woolsack /ˈwʊlsæk/ n.  1 (in the UK) the Lord Chancellor's wool-stuffed seat in the House of Lords (英国上议院议长的)设有羊毛坐垫的席位 2  the position of Lord Chancellor 上议院议长的职位

woolshed /ˈwʊlʃed/ n. Austral. & NZ  a large shed for shearing and baling wool [澳新]剪羊毛和打包的大棚

wool-skin n.  = WOOL-FELL 

wool-sorters' disease n.  anthrax 恶性炭疽

wool-stapler n.  a person who grades wool 将羊毛分级的人

woomera /ˈwu:m(ə)rə/ n. Austral. [澳]  1  an Aboriginal stick for throwing a dart or spear more forcibly (土著人使用的)投枪器 2  a club used as a missile (用作投掷的)棍棒 [Dharuk wamara]

woop woop /ˈwʊp wʊp/ n. Austral. & NZ slang [澳新] [俚语]  1  a jocular name for a remote outback town or district 伍普伍普(对偏僻的内地城镇或地区的谑称) 2 (Woop Woop)  an imaginary remote place 想像中的偏僻地区 [mock Aboriginal]

woosh var.  of WHOOSH  WHOOSH 的变体

woozy /ˈwu:zi/ adj. (woozier, wooziest) colloq. [口]  1  dizzy or unsteady 头昏的，眩晕的 2  dazed or slightly drunk 头昏眼花的；有醉意的 3  vague 含糊不清的 □ woozily  adv.  □ wooziness  n.   [19th c.: origin unknown]

wop /wɒp/ n. slang offens.  an Italian or other S. European [俚语] [冒犯]意大利人或其他南欧人 [20th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps via Italian guappo ‘bold, showy’, from Spanish guapo ‘dandy’]

Worcester sauce /ˈwʊstə/ n. (N. Amer. [北美] Worcestershire sauce)  a pungent sauce first made in Worcester 伍斯特沙司(一种有辣味的酱油，最早产于英国伍斯特) [Worcester, a city in S. England]

Worcs. abbr.  Worcestershire [缩略]伍斯特郡(英国英格兰原郡名)

word /wɜ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a sound or combination of sounds forming a meaningful element of speech, usu. shown with a space on either side of it when written or printed, used as part (or occasionally as the whole) of a sentence 词，单词；字 2  speech, esp. as distinct from action 话，言语(尤指区别于行动)  bold in word only  只会说大话 3  one's promise or assurance 诺言，保证  gave us their word  他们向我们承诺 4 (in sing. or pl. 用单数或复数)  a thing said, a remark or conversation 所说的话；话语；对话 5 (in pl. 用复数)  the text of a song or an actor's part 歌词；台词 6 (in pl. 用复数)  angry talk 口角，争论  they had words  他们吵嘴了 7  news, intelligence; a message 消息；情报；信息 8  a command, password, or motto 命令；口令；格言  gave the word to begin  下令开始 9  a basic unit of the expression of data in a computer 字，字节(计算机进行数据处理的作为一个单元的一组字符) ●v. tr.  put into words; select words to express 用话表示，用言辞表达；措辞  how shall we word that?  我们该怎么说？ □ at a word   as soon as requested 一说就，一发话就立即□ be as good as (or better than) one's word   fulfil (or exceed) what one has promised 守信用；说话算数；比许诺的还要多或好□ break one's word   fail to do what one has promised 失信；食言□ have no words for   be unable to express 无法用语言形容，找不到恰当的话来表达□ have a word  (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  speak briefly (to) (和某人)谈一两句话，(和某人)谈谈□ in other words   expressing the same thing differently 换言之，换句话说□ in so many words   explicitly or bluntly 直截了当地(说)，毫不含糊地(说)□ in a (or one) word   briefly 一句话，简而言之□ keep one's word   do what one has promised 遵守诺言，守信用□ my (or upon my) word   an exclamation of surprise or consternation (表示惊奇或惊愕的感叹)哎呀！；好家伙！；真没想到！ □ not the word for it   not an adequate or appropriate description 难以形容□ of few words   taciturn 沉默寡言的□ of one's word   reliable in keeping promises 遵守诺言的，守信用的  a woman of her word  说话算数的女子□ on (or upon) my word   a form of asseveration (表示宣称或断言)我保证，的的确确□ put into words   express in speech or writing 用言语(或文字)表达□ take a person at his or her word   interpret a person's words literally or exactly 精确、确切地理解他(或她)的话□ take a person's word for it   believe a person's statement without investigation etc. 不加调查等就相信某人的话□ too ... for words   too ... to be adequately described 太…无法用适当的话描述  was too funny for words  好笑得难以言传□ waste words   talk in vain 白费口舌□ the Word (or Word of God)   1  the Bible 《圣经》 2  Jesus Christ (John 1:14) 耶稣基督(《约翰福音》 1:14)□ word for word   in exactly the same or (of translation) corresponding words 逐字地□ words fail me   an expression of disbelief, dismay, etc. (由于怀疑、沮丧等)我不知说什么好，我说不出话□ a word to the wise   = VERB. SAP □ wordage  n.  (总称)言辞；措辞，用词□ wordless  adj.  □ wordlessly  adv.  □ wordlessness  n.   [Old English from Germanic]

word-blindness n.  the inability to identify written or printed words resulting from a brain defect 失读症，诵读困难(由于大脑有缺陷而无能力阅读书写或印刷的文字) □ word-blind  adj.  

wordbook /ˈwɜ:dbʊk/ n.  a book with lists of words; a vocabulary or dictionary 词汇手册；词典

word-deafness n.  the inability to identify spoken words resulting from a brain defect 辨语聋(由于大脑有缺陷而无能力听懂言语) □ word-deaf  adj.  

word division n.  the practice of splitting words between two lines of printed text by means of a hyphen 断字(印刷中用连字符相连的分排在两行的词)

word game n.  a game involving the making or selection etc. of words 猜字游戏；填字游戏

wording /ˈwɜ:diŋ/ n.  1  a form of words used 措辞，用词 2  the way in which something is expressed 表达方式

word of honour n.  an assurance given upon one's honour 用名誉担保

word of mouth n.  spoken communication between people as a means of transmitting information 口头联络；口传信息  word of mouth is the only way to find out about this  亲口问问是弄清这事的惟一途径

word order n.  the sequence of words in a sentence, esp. affecting meaning etc. (尤指会影响意思等的)词序

word-painting n.  a vivid description in writing 文笔生动的描述

word-perfect adj.  knowing one's part etc. by heart 熟记讲稿(或台词等)的

word-picture n.  a piece of word-painting 绘声绘色的文笔描述

wordplay /ˈwɜ:dplei/ n.  use of words to witty effect, esp. by punning (尤指双关的)文字游戏

word processor n.  a purpose-built computer system for electronically storing text entered from a keyboard, incorporating corrections, and providing a printout 文字处理机，文字信息处理机 □ word-process  v. tr.  □ word processing  n.  文字处理

wordsearch /ˈwɜ:dsɜ:tʃ/ n.  a grid-shaped puzzle of letters in columns, containing several hidden words written in any direction 搜字游戏(一种格形字谜，每个方向上都有隐含的词)

wordsmith /ˈwɜ:dsmiθ/ n.  a skilled user or maker of words 语言大师；语言艺术家

word-square n.  a set of words of equal length written one under another to read the same down as across (e.g. 如 too old ode) 四方连词(将字母排成四方形，纵横都可读出相同的词)

word wrap n. Computing  in word processing, the automatic shifting of a word too long to fit on a line to the beginning of the next line 【计算】自动换行

wordy /ˈwɜ:di/ adj. (wordier, wordiest)  1  using or expressed in many or too many words; verbose 啰唆的；冗长的 2  consisting of words 言语的 □ wordily  adv.  □ wordiness  n.   [Old English wordig (as WORD, -Y1)]

wore1 past  of WEAR1  

wore2 past and past part.  of WEAR2 

work /wɜ:k/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the application of mental or physical effort to a purpose; the use of energy 工作；劳动 2  a  a task to be undertaken (待做的)任务，工作b  the materials for this 做事时需要的材料或工具c (prec. by 前接 the; foll. by 后跟 of)  a task occupying (no more than) a specified time 占用(不超过)一定时间的工作  the work of a moment  一会儿的事 3  a thing done or made by work; the result of an action; an achievement; a thing made 所做的事；工作成果；成绩；产品 4  a person's employment or occupation etc., esp. as a means of earning income 职业，差事等(尤指挣钱的手段)  looked for work  找工作 is out of work  失业了 5  a  a literary or musical composition (文学或音乐的)作品b (in pl. 用复数)  all such by an author or composer etc. (一位作家或作曲家等的)所有著作；作品 6  actions or experiences of a specified kind 具体的行动经历  good work!  干得好 this is thirsty work  这是个令人口渴的活儿 7  a (in comb. 用于复合词)  things or parts made of a specified material or with specified tools etc. 用某种专门材料或工具等制成的物品或部件  ironwork  铁制品 needlework  针线活；刺绣品b archaic  needlework [古义]针线活；刺绣品 8 (in pl. 用复数)  the operative part of a clock or machine (时钟或机器的)活动机件，运转机构 9 Physics  the exertion of force overcoming resistance or producing molecular change 【物理学】功；做功  convert heat into work  将热转化为功 10 (in pl. 用复数) colloq.  all that is available; everything needed [口]所有可利用的事物；所需的全套事物 11 (in pl. 用复数) esp. Brit.  operations of building or repair [尤英]建筑或维修工程  major building works  主体建筑工程 12 (in pl. 用复数 ; often treated as sing. 常看作单数) esp. Brit.  a place where manufacture is carried on [尤英]制造厂，工厂 13 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) Theol.  a meritorious act 【神】善行，德行 14 (usu. in pl. or in comb. 通常用复数或用于复合词)  a defensive structure (防御)工事  earthworks  土木工事 15 (in comb. 用于复合词)  a  ornamentation of a specified kind 专门的装饰品  pokerwork  烙画装饰b  articles having this 有此种装饰的物品 ●v. (past and past part. worked or (esp. as 尤作 adj.) wrought)  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 at, on)  do work; be engaged in bodily or mental activity 工作；从事体力或脑力劳动 2 intr.  a  be employed in certain work 受雇佣；从事职业；担任差事  works in industry  在工业企业工作 works as a secretary  当秘书b (foll. by 后跟 with)  be the workmate of (a person) 与(某人)共同工作 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  make efforts; conduct a campaign 做出努力；从事某一活动  works for peace  为和平而努力 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 in)  be a craftsman (in a material) (手工)加工(某材料)；(手工)制作 5 intr.  operate or function, esp. effectively (尤指有效地)运转，运行；起作用  how does this machine work?  这台机器怎么工作？ your idea will not work  你的想法行不通 6 intr. (of a part of a machine) run, revolve; go through regular motions (指机器的一部分)开动；旋转；正常运行 7 tr.  carry on, manage, or control 经营；管理；控制  cannot work the machine  不能操纵这台机器 8 tr.  a  put or keep in operation or at work; cause to toil 使工作；使费力地做  this mine is no longer worked  这个矿不再开采了 works the staff very hard  拼命地使唤员工b  cultivate (land) 耕(地) 9 tr.  a  bring about; produce as a result 使发生；做出；产生  worked miracles  创造奇迹b colloq.  arrange (matters) [口]安排，处理(事情)  worked it so that we could go  把它处理好我们就可以走了 can you work things for us?  你能为我们安排一下吗？ 10 tr.  knead, hammer; bring to a desired shape or consistency 揉；锤打；使成为想要的形状或浓度或强度 11 intr. & tr.  do, or make by, needlework etc. 编制；缝纫；刺绣等 12 tr. & intr. (cause to) progress or penetrate, or make (one's way), gradually or with difficulty in a specified way (使)逐渐或费力地行进或穿透；费力地移动  worked our way through the crowd  我们从人群中挤过去 worked the peg into the hole  把钉子钉入洞中 13 intr. (foll. by 后跟 loose etc.)  gradually become (loose etc.) by constant movement (使)变松动；松脱 14 tr.  artificially excite 使激动，激起  worked themselves into a rage  他们勃然大怒 15 tr.  solve (a sum) by mathematics 计算，算出(数目) 16 tr.  a  purchase with one's labour instead of money 以工代钱购买  work one's passage  一路上打工挣旅费b  obtain by labour the money for (one's way through university etc.) 靠勤工俭学读完(大学等) 17 intr. (foll. by 后跟 on, upon)  have influence 对…有影响(或有作用) 18 intr.  be in motion or agitated; cause agitation, ferment 颤动；翻腾；发酵  his features worked violently  他的面部猛烈地抽动 the yeast began to work  酵母开始发酵了 19 intr. Naut.  sail against the wind 【海】顶风航行 □ at work   in action or engaged in work 在工作，在干活□ get worked up   become angry, excited, or tense 变得愤怒、兴奋或紧张□ give a person the works   1 colloq.  give or tell a person everything [口]给某人全套待遇；向某人和盘托出 2 colloq.  treat a person harshly [口]给某人吃苦头；折磨某人 3 slang  kill a person [俚语]杀害某人□ have one's work cut out   be faced with a hard task 面临艰巨的任务□ in the works  esp. N. Amer.  being planned, worked on, or produced [尤北美]在计划中；在进行中；在生产中□ set to work   begin or cause to begin operations 着手(或开始)工作□ work away (or on)   continue to work 继续工作；继续用功□ work one's fingers to the bone   see 见 BONE □ work in   find a place for 插入；把…加入(或安排)进去□ work it  colloq.  bring it about; achieve a desired result [口]完成；得到；取得渴望的结果□ work off   get rid of by work or activity (通过工作、活动等)消除，去除□ work out   1  a  solve (a sum) or find out (an amount) by calculation 算出(数目或数额)b  solve or understand (a problem, person, etc.) 解决(某问题)；了解(某人)等 2 (foll. by 后跟 at)  be calculated (钱数)算下来是  the total works out at 230  总数是 230 3  give a definite result 给出明确的答案  this sum will not work out  这笔数额算不出来 4  have a specified result 产生具体的结果  the plan worked out well  计划实行得很好 5  provide for the details of 想出；制定出  has worked out a scheme  有了一个方案 6  accomplish or attain with difficulty 困难地达到(或做到)  work out one's salvation  拯救某人 7  exhaust with work 掘尽；耗尽  the mine is worked out  这个矿被采完了 8  engage in physical exercise or training 从事体育锻炼或训练□ work over   1  examine thoroughly 彻底检查，充分研究 2 colloq.  treat with violence [口]殴打，痛打□ work to rule  esp. Brit. (esp. as a form of industrial action) follow official working rules exactly in order to reduce output and efficiency [尤英]按章工作(尤指工人在工作时故意严格遵守官方的规定而降低产量和工作效率)□ work up   1  bring gradually to an efficient state 渐渐发展成；逐步达到 2 (foll. by 后跟 to)  advance gradually to a climax 逐渐达到高潮 3  elaborate or excite by degrees 精心制作；逐渐兴奋 4  mingle (ingredients) into a whole 使(各成分)混合；揉合 5  learn (a subject) by study 钻研(一课题)□ work one's will  (foll. by 后跟 on, upon) archaic  accomplish one's purpose on (a person or thing) [古义]把自己的意志强加于(某人或某事)□ work wonders   see 见 WONDER □ workless  adj.   [Old English weorc etc., from Germanic]

workable /ˈwɜ:kəb(ə)l/ adj.  1  that can be worked or will work 可操作的；可工作的 2  that is worth working; practicable, feasible 可经营的；行得通的，可行的  a workable quarry  可开采的采石场 a workable scheme  可行的方案 □ workability  /-ˈbiliti/ n.  □ workableness  n.  □ workably  adv.  

workaday /ˈwɜ:kədei/ adj.  1  ordinary, everyday, practical 平凡的；日常的；实际的 2  fit for, used, or seen on workdays 适于或用于工作日的；工作日常见的

workaholic /wɜ:kəˈhɒlik/ n. colloq.  a person addicted to working [口]工作狂；工作迷 □ workaholism  /ˈwɔ:kəhɒliz(ə)m/ n.   [portmanteau word from WORK + ALCOHOLIC]

work-basket n. (also 亦作 work-bag etc.)  a basket or bag etc. containing sewing materials 针线篮；(缝纫)工具筐(或袋等)

workbench /ˈwɜ:kben(t)ʃ/ n.  a bench for doing mechanical or practical work, esp. carpentry (尤指木工用的)工作台

workboat /ˈwɜ:kbəʊt/ n.  a boat used for carrying out work such as fishing, transporting freight, etc. 工作船(如渔船、运货船等)

workbook /ˈwɜ:kbʊk/ n.  a student's book including exercises (教科书的)练习册；作业薄

workbox /ˈwɜ:kbɒks/ n.  a box for holding tools, materials for sewing, etc. 工具箱；针线盒

work camp n.  a camp at which community work is done, esp. by young volunteers (尤指青少年)劳动夏令营

workday /ˈwɜ:kdei/ n. esp. US  a day on which work is usually done [尤美]工作日

worker /ˈwɜ:kə/ n.  1  a person who works, esp. a manual or industrial employee 工人(尤指体力劳动者或工业企业的雇员) 2  a neuter or undeveloped female of various social insects, esp. a bee or ant, that does the basic work of its colony 职虫(群居昆虫中的无性个体或未发育完全的雌虫)；(尤指)工蜂或工蚁 3  a person who works hard 辛勤工作的人

worker priest n.  a French Roman Catholic or an Anglican priest who engages part-time in secular work 工人教士(一部分时间从事世俗工作的法国罗马天主教或英国国教的神职人员)

work experience n.  a scheme intended to give young people short-term experience of employment (为青年人提供短期工作经验的)工作经验培训计划

workfare /ˈwɜ:kfɛə/ n.  a welfare system which requires some work or training from those receiving benefits 工作福利制(要求受益者从事某种工作或接受培训) [portmanteau word from WORK + WELFARE]

workforce /ˈwɜ:kfɔ:s/ n.  1  the workers engaged or available in an industry etc. 劳动力(受雇或可使用的工人)；劳动人口 2  the number of such workers 工人总数

work group n.  1  a group within a work force (工厂等的)工作小组，生产小组 2  a small group of usu. trainees, formed to practise or develop a skill etc. (通常由实习工人组成的)协作小组(为练习或掌握技术等)

workhorse /ˈwɜ:khɔ:s/ n.  a horse, person, or machine that performs hard work 做繁重工作的马、人或机器

workhouse /ˈwɜ:khaʊs/ n.  1 Brit. hist.  a public institution in which the destitute of a parish received board and lodging in return for work done [英史义]济贫院；(教区中的)劳动救济所 2 US  a house of correction for petty offenders [美]感化院，教养所

working /ˈwɜ:kiŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1  a  engaged in work, esp. in manual or industrial labour 做工的(尤指从事体力或产业工作的)b  spent in work or employment 工作用的  all his working life  他的全部工作时间 2  functioning or able to function 能运转的；可起作用的 ●n.  1  the activity of work 工作，劳动 2  the act or manner of functioning of a thing 做工；运作；工作方式，做法 3  a  a mine or quarry 矿山；采石场b  the part of this in which work is being or has been done (正在开采的或已开采过的)矿山、采石场的一部分  a disused working  废弃的矿坑

working capital n.  the capital actually used in a business 营运资本，周转资金

working class n. & adj. ●n.  the class of people who are employed for wages, esp. in manual or industrial work 工人阶级 ●adj. (作 working-class)  of or relating to the working class 工人阶级的

working day n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a workday (一个)工作日 2  the part of the day devoted to work 一天中的工作时间

working drawing n.  a drawing to scale, serving as a guide for construction or manufacture 工作图纸；施工图；生产图

working hours n. pl.  hours normally devoted to work 工作时间

working hypothesis n.  a hypothesis used as a basis for action 工作假说，作业假说

working knowledge n.  knowledge adequate to work with 足以对付工作的知识，工作上够用的知识

working lunch n.  a lunch at which business is conducted (讨论工作的)工作午餐

working man n.  a man who is employed, esp. in a manual or industrial job 雇员(尤指从事体力劳动或产业工作的)

working order n.  the condition in which a machine works (satisfactorily or as specified) (机器的)正常工作状态(良好或按规定地)

working-out n.  1  the calculation of results 计算，算出 2  the elaboration of details 详述

working party n. Brit.  a group of people appointed to study a particular problem or advise on some question [英] (受命对某一专题进行调查或就某问题提出建议的)工作队，特派组

working woman  a woman who is employed 劳动妇女；女工

workload /ˈwɜ:kləʊd/ n.  the amount of work to be done by an individual etc. (个人等的)工作量

workman /ˈwɜ:kmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1  a man employed to do manual labour 工人，劳动者 2  a person considered with regard to skill in a job 手艺人；工匠；技工  a good workman  能工巧匠

workmanlike /ˈwɜ:kmənlaik/ adj.  characteristic of a good workman; showing practised skill 能工巧匠般的；技术熟练的

workmanship /ˈwɜ:kmənʃip/ n.  1  the degree of skill in doing a task or of finish in the product made (工匠等的)技能，手艺，本领 2  a thing made or created by a specified person etc. 作品，制品，工艺品

workmate /ˈwɜ:kmeit/ n. esp. Brit. [尤英]  1  a person engaged at work with another 同事，工友 2 (作 Workmate) propr.  a portable collapsible workbench incorporating vices [商标]工作伴侣(一种便携的组合式工作台)

work of art n.  a fine picture, poem, or building etc. 艺术作品；艺术品(精美的绘画、诗、建筑等)

workout /ˈwɜ:kaʊt/ n.  a session of physical exercise or training 体育锻炼或训练(时间)

workpeople /ˈwɜ:kpi:p(ə)l/ n. pl. Brit.  people in paid employment [英]工人们，职工群众

workpiece /ˈwɜ:kpi:s/ n.  a thing worked on with a tool or machine 工件，工作部件

workplace /ˈwɜ:kpleis/ n.  a place at which a person works; an office, factory, etc. 工作场所；办公室；工厂

work rate n.  1  the rate at which work is done or produced 工作率 2  the rate at which energy is expended 能量消耗率

workroom /ˈwɜ:kru:m, -rʊm/ n.  a room for working in, esp. one equipped for a certain kind of work (尤指有某种工作需要的装备的)工场间；工作室

works council n. esp. Brit.  a group of employees representing those employed in a works etc. in discussions with their employers [尤英]劳资联席会；工人委员会

worksheet /ˈwɜ:kʃi:t/ n.  1  a paper for recording work done or in progress 工作进度表 2  a paper listing questions or activities for students etc. to work through (学生等做的)活页练习题

workshop /ˈwɜ:kʃɒp/ n.  1  a room or building in which goods are manufactured 车间，工场 2  a  a meeting for concerted discussion or activity 研讨会；讲习班  a dance workshop  舞蹈讲习班b  the members of such a meeting 参加研讨会、讲习班的成员

work-shy adj.  disinclined to work 不想工作的，怕干活的

worksite /ˈwɜ:ksait/ n.  a site where an industry is located or where labour takes place 工地

works of supererogation n. pl. RC Ch.  actions believed to form a reserve fund of merit that can be drawn on by prayer in favour of sinners 【天主教】份外善行(据说可以祈祷以此来为有罪的人赎罪)

workspace /ˈwɜ:kspeis/ n.  1  space in which to work 工作空间，工作地方 2  an area rented or sold for commercial purposes (为商业目的而租用或卖出的)区域，地方 3 Computing  a memory storage facility for temporary use 【计算】暂时贮存器，暂存器，工作存储器

workstation /ˈwɜ:ksteiʃ(ə)n/ n.  1  the location of a stage in a manufacturing process (生产流程中的)工作区，工作站 2  a computer terminal or the desk etc. where this is located 计算机终端；放置计算机终端的桌子(或场所等)

work study n.  a system of assessing methods of working so as to achieve the maximum output and efficiency 工作效率问题研究

work surface n.  = WORKTOP 

work table n.  a table for working at, esp. with a sewing machine (尤指有缝纫机的)工作台

worktop /ˈwɜ:ktɒp/ n. Brit.  a flat surface for working on, esp. in a kitchen [英] (尤指厨房的)操作台

work-to-rule n. esp. Brit.  the act or an instance of working to rule [尤英]按章工作；变相怠工

workwear /ˈwɜ:kwɛə/ n.  hard-wearing clothes for work 工作服

workwoman /ˈwɜ:kwʊmən/ n. (pl. -women)  a female worker or operative 女工；劳动妇女

world /wɜ:ld/ n.  1  a  the earth, or a planetary body like it 地球或近似的行星体b  its countries and their inhabitants 地球上的所有国家和居民；世界c  all people; the earth as known or in some particular respect 人类，所有的人；已知的世界或某些特别区域 2  a  the universe or all that exists; everything 宇宙；存在着的所有事物；万物b  everything that exists outside oneself 自身外的所有事物；外界  dead to the world  酣睡；不省人事 3  a  the time, state, or scene of human existence 人类生存的时间、状况或景象b (prec. by 前接 the, this)  mortal life 今生 4  secular interests and affairs 世俗；世事 5  human affairs; their course and conditions; active life (人的)事务；经历和状况；现行生活  how goes the world with you?  你的情况怎样？ 6  average, respectable, or fashionable people or their customs or opinions 普通人、有体面的人或时髦人或其习惯及观点；世事人情 7  all that concerns or all who belong to a specified class, time, domain, or sphere of activity (某一社会等级、时代、地区或领域的)世界，…界，…社会  the medieval world  中世纪 the world of sport  体育界 8 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a vast amount 广大；大量，无数  that makes a world of difference  有极大的差别 9 (作 attrib.)  affecting many nations, of all nations 影响很多国家的；全世界的  world politics  世界政治 a world champion  世界冠军 □ all the world and his wife  Brit. [英]  1  any large mixed gathering of people (聚集的)许多人，各色人等 2  all with pretensions to fashion 一切自命不凡的人□ bring into the world   give birth to or attend at the birth of 生(孩子)；接(孩子)生□ carry the world before one   have rapid and complete success 取得迅速全面的成功□ come into the world   be born 出生，降生，诞生□ for all the world  (foll. by 后跟 like, as if)  precisely 正是；一点不差  looked for all the world as if they were real  看上去完全像是真的□ get the best of both worlds   benefit from two incompatible sets of ideas, circumstances, etc. (从两种不相容的观点、环境等中)两头受益，左右逢源□ in the world   of all; at all (used as an intensifier in questions) 完全；根本上；到底，究竟(用来强调疑问句)  what in the world is it?  这到底是什么？□ man (or woman) of the world   a person experienced and practical in human affairs 老成练达的人，练达世故的人□ not for the world   not whatever the inducement 决不，无论何种诱惑也不□ out of this world  colloq.  extremely good etc. [口]非凡的，极好的  the food was out of this world  这食物棒极了□ see the world   travel widely; gain wide experience 见多识广，久经世故□ think the world of   have a very high regard for 非常看重(或喜爱)□ the world, the flesh, and the devil   the various kinds of temptation 种种诱惑□ the (or all the) world over   throughout the world 全世界，处处□ the world to come   supposed life after death 来生，来世□ world without end   for ever 永远，永久 [Old English w(e)orold, world from a Germanic root meaning ‘age’: related to OLD]

World Bank n. colloq.  the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an organization administering economic aid between member nations [口]世界银行(正式名称为国际复兴开发银行，是一个在成员国间管理经济援助的组织)

world-beater n.  a person or thing surpassing all others 举世无双的人(或物)

world-class adj.  of a quality or standard regarded as high throughout the world 世界级的，具有世界水平的

World Cup n.  a competition between football or other sporting teams from various countries 世界杯(足球赛)

world fair n.  an international exhibition of the industrial, scientific, technological, and artistic achievements of the participating nations 世界博览会

world-famous adj.  known throughout the world 世界著名的，举世闻名的

world language n.  1  an artificial language for international use 世界语(一种国际间使用的人造语言) 2  a language spoken in many countries 国际语言(很多国家和地区使用的语言)

world-line n. Physics  a curve in space-time joining the positions of a particle throughout its existence 【物理学】世界线(基本粒子在时空上通过的路线)

worldling /ˈwɜ:ldliŋ/ n.  a worldly person 俗人，世俗凡人

worldly /ˈwɜ:ldli/ adj. (worldlier, worldliest)  1  temporal or earthly 现世的；俗世的  worldly goods  财产 2  engrossed in temporal affairs, esp. the pursuit of wealth and pleasure 世俗头脑(尤指追逐名利和享乐)的 3  experienced in life, sophisticated, practical 老成练达的，久经世故的 □ worldliness  n.   [Old English woruldlic (as WORLD, -LY1)]

worldly-minded adj.  intent on worldly things 世俗头脑的，追名逐利的

worldly wisdom n.  prudence as regards one's own interests 世故，精明老练 □ worldly-wise  adj.  精明老练的，老于世故的

world music n.  pop music incorporating local or ethnic elements esp. from the developing world 世界音乐(融合了特别是发展中地区的地域和民族特色的流行音乐)

world order n. (esp. in phr. 尤用于短语 new world order)  a system controlling events in the world, esp. an international set of arrangements for preserving global political stability 世界秩序(尤指为维护全球政治稳定而达成的一系列国际协议)

world power n.  a nation having power and influence in world affairs 世界强国

world's end n. (prec. by 前接 the)  the farthest attainable point of travel 天边，世界尽头

World Series n.  the US championship for baseball teams 世界职业棒球锦标赛(即美国两大职业棒球联赛的决赛)

world-shaking adj.  of supreme importance 极为重要的；震惊世界的

world-view n.  = WELTANSCHAUUNG 

world war n.  a war involving many important nations 世界大战  First World War  of 1914 － 18 1914 至 1918 年的第一次世界大战 Second World War  of 1939 － 45 1939 至 1945 年的第二次世界大战

world-weary adj.  weary of the world and life on it 厌世的，厌弃人生的 □ world-weariness  n.  

worldwide /ˈwɜ:l(d)waid, wɜ:l(d)ˈwaid/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  affecting, occurring in, or known in all parts of the world 影响、发生或闻名于全世界的 ●adv.  throughout the world 遍及世界各地

worm /wɜ:m/ n. & v. ●n.  1  any of various types of creeping or burrowing invertebrate animals with long slender bodies and no limbs, esp. segmented in rings or parasitic in the intestines or tissues (无脊椎的)软体虫，蠕虫，蛀虫(尤指环状分节的或寄生在肠或组织内的) 2  the long slender larva of an insect, esp. in fruit or wood (尤指在果实和木头中的)昆虫的(细长的)幼虫 3 (in pl. 用复数)  intestinal or other internal parasites 肠虫；寄生虫 4  a blindworm or slow-worm 蛇蜥，慢缺肢蜥 5  a maggot supposed to eat dead bodies in the grave (肉)蛆 6 colloq.  an insignificant or contemptible person [口]无足轻重的人；可鄙的家伙 7  a  the spiral part of a screw (螺丝钉的)螺旋部分b  a short screw working in a worm-gear 蜗杆 8  the spiral pipe of a still in which the vapour is cooled and condensed 螺纹管 9  the ligament under a dog's tongue (狗舌下的)韧带 ●v.  1 intr. & tr. (often 常作 refl.)  move with a crawling motion 蠕行，蠕动；慢慢(或悄悄)地前行  wormed through the bushes  悄悄穿过灌木丛 wormed our way through the bushes  我们悄悄穿过灌木丛 2 intr. & refl. (foll. by 后跟 into)  insinuate oneself into a person's favour, confidence, etc. 巧妙地逐步获得某人的喜爱和信任等 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 out)  obtain (a secret etc.) by cunning persistence 千方百计地获取(秘密等)  managed to worm the truth out of them  设法从他们那里弄清真相 4 tr.  cut the worm of (a dog's tongue) 割掉(狗舌下的)韧带 5 tr.  rid (a plant or dog etc.) of worms 给(植物或狗等)驱虫 6 tr. Naut.  make (a rope etc.) smooth by winding thread between the strands 【海】在(粗绳索等的)各股间绕上细线使变光滑 □ food for worms   a dead person 死尸□ a (or even a) worm will turn   the meekest will resist or retaliate if pushed too far 蠕虫也有发威时；逼人太甚，必遭反抗或报复□ wormer  n.  □ wormlike  adj.   [Old English wyrm, from Germanic]

worm-cast n.  a convoluted mass of earth left on the surface by a burrowing earthworm 蚯蚓粪

worm charming n.  the sport of enticing worms from their burrows 把蠕虫从其洞中引诱出来的一种游戏

worm-eaten adj.  1  a  eaten into by worms 虫蛀的，虫咬的；蛀成洞的b  rotten, decayed 破烂的，千疮百孔的 2  old and dilapidated 老式的；破旧的

worm-fishing n.  fishing with worms for bait 蚯蚓作饵的垂钓

worm-gear n.  an arrangement of a toothed wheel worked by a short revolving cylinder bearing a screw thread 蜗轮传动装置

wormhole /ˈwɜ:mhəʊl/ n.  1  a hole made by a burrowing worm or insect in wood, fruit, books, etc. (木头、水果、书籍等上的)蛀洞，蛀孔 2 Physics  a hypothetical connection between widely separated regions of spacetime 【物理学】虫洞(连接时空相距遥远的区域的假想通道)

wormseed /ˈwɜ:msi:d/ n.  1  seed used to expel intestinal worms 驱虫籽 2  a plant, e.g. santonica, bearing this seed 山道年草(一种结驱虫籽的植物)

worm's-eye view n.  a view as seen from below or from a humble position 从下往上看的景象；从卑微的地位向高阶层看的印象

worm-wheel n.  the wheel of a worm-gear 蜗轮

wormwood /ˈwɜ:mwʊd/ n.  1  any woody shrub of the genus Artemisia, with a bitter aromatic taste, used in the preparation of vermouth and absinthe and in medicine 蛔蒿，苦艾(一种木本植物，用以制苦艾酒或入药) 2  bitter mortification or a source of this 极大的耻辱，痛苦；造成这种感觉的根源 [Middle English, alteration of obsolete wormod (from Old English wormōd, wermōd), influenced by worm, wood: cf. VERMOUTH]

wormy /ˈwɜ:mi/ adj. (wormier, wormiest)  1  full of worms 虫多的 2  worm-eaten 虫蛀的 □ worminess  n.  

worn /wɔ:n/ past part. of WEAR1; adj.  1  looking tired and exhausted 面容疲惫的；精疲力竭的 2  = WELL-WORN 1  3  = WELL-WORN 2 

worn out adj.  1  exhausted 疲惫的 2  worn, esp. to the point of being no longer usable 耗尽的；破旧的(尤指不能再用的) hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : worn-out engine  报废的发动机

worriment /ˈwʌrim(ə)nt/ n. esp. US [尤美]  1  the act of worrying or state of being worried 发愁；烦恼 2  a cause of worry 烦恼的原因；心事

worrisome /ˈwʌris(ə)m/ adj.  causing or apt to cause worry or distress 令人忧虑的，令人烦恼的；经常发愁的 □ worrisomely  adv.  

worrit /ˈwʌrit/ n. & v. (worrited, worriting) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = WORRY  [originally alteration of WORRY]

worry /ˈwʌri/ v. & n. ●v. (-ies, -ied)  1 intr.  give way to anxiety or unease; allow one's mind to dwell on difficulty or troubles 担心，发愁，忧虑，操心 2 tr.  harass, importune; be a trouble or anxiety to 烦扰，纠缠；使担心(或焦虑) 3 tr.  a (of a dog etc.) shake or pull about with the teeth (指狗等)撕咬，用牙叼住甩或拉b  attack repeatedly 反复攻击 4 tr. (as 作 worried adj.)  a  uneasy, troubled in the mind 焦虑的，不安的b  suggesting worry 担心的，发愁的  a worried look  发愁的目光 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a thing that causes anxiety or disturbs a person's tranquillity 令人担心的事，使人心神不定的事 2  a disturbed state of mind; anxiety; a worried state 被搅乱的心境；担心，焦虑 3  a dog's worrying of its quarry (狗的)撕咬 □ not to worry  colloq.  there is no need to worry [口]不必发愁，不必着急□ worry along (or through)   manage to advance by persistence in spite of obstacles 在艰难中坚持下去，熬过去□ worry oneself  (usu. in neg. 通常用于否定句)  take needless trouble 自寻烦恼，不必要的担心□ worry out   obtain (the solution to a problem etc.) by dogged effort 经过顽强的努力而获得(问题等的解决的)；绞尽脑汁想出□ worriedly  adv.  □ worrier  n.  爱担忧的人，常发愁的人□ worryingly  adv.   [Old English wyrgan ‘strangle’, from West Germanic]

worry beads n. pl.  a string of beads manipulated with the fingers to occupy or calm oneself 安神念珠(穿成一串的珠子，拿在手中数弄，可安定心神)

worry-guts n. (N. Amer. [北美] worry-wart) colloq.  a person who habitually worries unduly [口]自寻烦恼的人，经常发愁的人

worse /wɜ:s/ adj., adv. & n. ●adj.  1  more bad 更坏的，更差的 2 (作 predic.)  in or into worse health or a worse condition (健康状况或情况)更坏的  is getting worse  病情恶化了 is none the worse for it  经此遭遇倒并没有怎样 ●adv.  more badly or more ill 更坏；病情更重 ●n.  1  a worse thing or things 更坏的事  you might do worse than accept  你还是接受下来为好 2 (prec. by 前接 the)  a worse condition 更糟的情况或局面  a change for the worse  向坏的方面的变化 □ none the worse  (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  not adversely affected (by) 并不更差；丝毫不受影响□ or worse   or as an even worse alternative 或者更坏□ the worse for drink   fairly drunk 醉醺醺的□ the worse for wear   1  damaged by use 用坏的；穿坏的；破烂不堪的 2  injured 受伤的□ worse luck   see 见 LUCK □ worse off   in a worse (esp. financial) position 更为糟糕；更为贫困 [Old English wyrsa, wiersa, from Germanic]

worsen /ˈwɜ:s(ə)n/ v. tr. & intr.  make or become worse (使)变得更坏，更差，(使)恶化

worship /ˈwɜ:ʃip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a  homage or reverence paid to a deity, esp. in a formal service 敬神，拜神(尤指在正式礼拜中)b  the acts, rites, or ceremonies of worship 拜神的行动、仪式或典礼 2  adoration or devotion comparable to religious homage shown towards a person or principle 崇拜；崇敬；爱慕；仰慕  the worship of wealth  崇拜财富 regarded them with worship in their eyes  以崇敬的眼光注视他们 3 archaic  worthiness, merit; recognition given or due to these; honour and respect [古义]价值，功绩，名望，声誉 ●v. (worshipped, worshipping; US [美] worshiped, worshiping)  1 tr.  adore as divine; honour with religious rites 礼拜，以宗教仪式敬奉 2 tr.  idolize or regard with adoration 醉心；极端崇拜  worships the ground she walks on  爱她爱得如醉如痴 3 intr.  attend public worship 做礼拜 4 intr.  be full of adoration 充满敬慕 □ Your (or His or Her) Worship  esp. Brit.  a title of respect used to or of a mayor, certain magistrates, etc. [尤英]阁下(对市长和一些地方官员等的尊称)□ worshipper  n. (US [美] worshiper)   [Old English weorthscipe (as WORTH, -SHIP)]

worshipful /ˈwɜ:ʃipfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1 (usu. 通常 Worshipful) Brit.  a title given to justices of the peace and to certain old companies or their officers etc. [英] (对治安法官和一些旧时团体及其官员的尊称)尊敬的 2 archaic  entitled to honour or respect [古义]享有荣誉和尊敬的 3 archaic  imbued with a spirit of veneration [古义]充满敬意的；崇拜的；虔诚的 □ worshipfully  adv.  □ worshipfulness  n.  

worst /wɜ:st/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  most bad 最坏的，最差的 ●adv.  most badly 最坏地，最差地 ●n.  the worst part, event, circumstance, or possibility 最差的部分；最坏的事情；最糟的情况；最坏的可能  the worst of the storm is over  暴风雨最猛烈的阶段过去了 prepare for the worst  做最坏的准备 ●v. tr.  get the better of; defeat, outdo 优于；击败，胜过 □ at its etc. worst   in the worst state 处于情况最坏的时候□ at worst (or the worst)   in the worst possible case 就最不利的一方面看；在最坏的情况下；充其量□ do your worst   an expression of defiance (挑战性用语)有什么手段尽管使出来□ get (or have) the worst of it   be defeated 遭到失败□ if the worst comes to the worst   if the worst happens 如果最坏的事情发生 [Old English wierresta, wyrresta (adj.), wyrst, wyrrest (adv.), from Germanic]

worsted /ˈwʊstid/ n.  1  a fine smooth yarn spun from combed long staple wool 精纺毛纱或毛线 2  fabric made from this 精纺毛料 [Worste(a)d, a parish in Norfolk, England]

wort /wɜ:t/ n.  1 archaic (except in names 名称除外)  a plant or herb [古义]植物，草  liverwort  地钱 St John's wort  金丝桃 2  the infusion of malt which after fermentation becomes beer 麦芽汁(发酵后变成啤酒) [Old English wyrt: related to ROOT1]

worth /wɜ:θ/ adj. & n. ●predic. adj. (governing a noun like a preposition 像介词一样限定名词)  1  of a value equivalent to 价值…；值…钱  is worth £ 50  值 50 英镑 is worth very little  很不值钱 2  such as to justify or repay; deserving; bringing compensation for 值得的；有价值的；有补偿的  worth doing  值得做 not worth the trouble  不值得费那个事 3  possessing or having property amounting to 拥有…价值的财产  is worth a million pounds  拥有百万英镑的财产 ●n.  1  what a person or thing is worth; the (usu. specified) merit of (某人或某物的)价值；(通常指特别的)长处  of great worth  价值很高的 persons of worth  有价值的人 2  the equivalent of money in a commodity 某一金额的商品  ten pounds' worth of petrol  10 英镑的汽油 □ for all one is worth  colloq.  with one's utmost efforts; without reserve [口]尽一切可能，竭尽全力；无保留地□ for what it is worth   without a guarantee of its truth or value 不管好坏；不论真伪□ worth it  colloq.  worth the time or effort spent [口]值得花费时间或精力的；有用的□ worth one's salt   see 见 SALT □ worth one's while (or worth while)   see 见 WHILE  [Old English w(e)orth]

worthless /ˈwɜ:θlis/ adj.  without value or merit 无价值的；不中用的 □ worthlessly  adv.  □ worthlessness  n.  

worthwhile /wɜ:θˈwail/ adj.  that is worth the time or effort spent; of value or importance 值得花费时间或精力的；有价值的；重要的 □ worthwhileness  n.  ■Usage 用法说明 Worthwhile is used both attributively and predicatively, e.g. a worthwhile cause, decided it wasn't worthwhile, while worth while (two words) is used only predicatively, e.g. thought it worth while to ring the police. 词语 worthwhile 可用作定语和表语，例如 a worthwhile cause (有意义的事业)， decided it wasn't worthwhile (觉得不值得)；而 worth while (分开写的两个词)只能用作表语，例如 thought it worth while to ring the police (认为有必要去打电话报警)。 

worthy /ˈwɜ:ði/ adj. & n. ●adj. (worthier, worthiest)  1  estimable; having some moral worth; deserving respect 可尊敬的；有道德的；值得敬重的  lived a worthy life  生活得很有意义 2 (of a person) entitled to (esp. condescending) recognition (指人)应受到赞誉的  a worthy old couple  一对可敬的老夫妇 3  a (foll. by 后跟 of or to + infin.)  deserving 值得的  worthy of a mention  值得一提的 worthy to be remembered  应该谨记的b (foll. by 后跟 of)  adequate or suitable to the dignity etc. of (与尊严等)适合的，相配的  in words worthy of the occasion  正合时宜的话 ●n. (pl. -ies)  1  a worthy person 知名人士 2  a person of some distinction 杰出人物 3 joc.  a person [诙]大人物；(某个)人 □ worthily  adv.  □ worthiness  n.   [Middle English wurthi etc. from WORTH]

-worthy /ˈwɜ:ði/ comb. form forming adjectives meaning [构词成分]构成形容词，意为 :  1  deserving of (blameworthy 该受责难的 ; noteworthy 值得注意的) 值得…的，该…的 2  suitable or fit for (newsworthy 有报道价值的 ; roadworthy 适宜行驶的) 适于…的，宜于…的

wot  see 见 WIT2 

wotcher /ˈwɒtʃə/ int. Brit. slang  a form of casual greeting [英] [俚语]一种随便的问候语 [corruption of what cheer]

would /wʊd, wəd/ v. aux. (3rd sing. would) past of WILL1, used esp. 尤用于 :  1 (in the 2nd and 3rd persons, and often in the 1st 第二、三人称中，也常用于第一人称 : see 见 SHOULD)  a  in reported speech 间接叙述中  he said he would be home by evening  他说他晚上能到家b  to express the conditional mood 表示条件式  they would have been killed if they had gone  如果他们走了的话就已经被杀了 2  to express habitual action 习惯行为  would wait for her every evening  每天晚上都会等她 3  to express a question or polite request 表示提问或客气的请求  would they like it?  他们会喜欢吗？ would you come in, please?  你请进来好吗？ 4  to express probability 表示可能性  I guess she would be over fifty by now  我猜她现在可能有 50 多岁了 5 (foll. by 后跟 that + clause) literary  to express a wish [文学用语]表示一种愿望  would that you were here  真希望你在这儿 6  to express consent 表示答应，赞成  they would not help  他们不会帮忙 [Old English wolde, past of wyllan: see WILL1]■Usage 用法说明 See Usage Note at SHOULD. 见 SHOULD 的用法说明。 

would-be attrib. adj. often derog.  desiring or aspiring to be [常贬]想要成为…的；有志成为…的  a would-be politician  有志成为政治家的人

wouldn't /ˈwʊd(ə)nt/ contr. [缩合]  would not  □ I wouldn't know  colloq. (as is to be expected) I do not know [口] (正如所料)我不知道

wouldst /wʊdst/ archaic [古义] 2nd sing. past  of WOULD 

Woulfe bottle /wʊlf/ n. Chem.  a glass bottle with more than one neck, used for passing a gas through a liquid etc. 【化】渥耳夫瓶(有不止一个瓶颈，用于从液体等中过气) [named after P. Woulfe, English chemist d. 1803]

wound1 /wu:nd/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an injury done to living tissue by a cut or blow etc., esp. beyond the cutting or piercing of the skin 伤，伤口(尤指重于皮外伤的) 2  an injury to a person's reputation or a pain inflicted on a person's feelings (指对人的名誉或感情的)损害，创伤；引起的痛苦 3 poet.  the pangs of love [诗]爱的痛苦 ●v. tr.  inflict a wound on 使受伤  wounded soldiers  伤兵 wounded feelings  受伤的感情 □ woundingly  adv.  □ woundless  adj.   [Old English wund (n.), wundian (v.)]

wound2 past and past part.  of WIND2 (cf. 参见 WIND1 v. 6) 

woundwort /ˈwu:ndwɜ:t/ n.  any of various plants esp. of the genus Stachys, formerly supposed to have healing properties 治伤草(旧时认为有疗伤特性的植物)

wove1 past  of WEAVE1  

wove2 /wəʊv/ adj. (of paper) made on a wire-gauze mesh and so having a uniform unlined surface (指纸)有布纹的 [variant of woven, past part. of WEAVE1]

woven past part.  of WEAVE1  

wow1 /waʊ/ int., n. & v. ●int. (also 亦作 wowee /waʊˈwi:/)  expressing astonishment or admiration (表示惊奇或钦佩)哇！  ●n. slang  a sensational success [俚语]惊人之举，轰动 ●v. tr. slang  impress or excite greatly [俚语]使叫绝；使大为赞赏；使产生强烈反应 [originally Scots: imitative]

wow2 /waʊ/ n.  a slow pitch-fluctuation in sound reproduction, perceptible in long notes 音幅失真(放音时产生的音高的缓慢颤动，在长音中较明显) [imitative]

wowser /ˈwaʊzə/ n. Austral. slang [澳] [俚语]  1  a puritanical fanatic 清教徒式的禁欲主义者 2  a spoilsport 破坏他人乐趣的人，扫人兴的人 3  a teetotaller 滴酒不沾的人；禁酒主义者 [19th c.: origin uncertain]

WP abbr. [缩略]  word processor or processing 

w.p. abbr.  weather permitting [缩略]在天气许可的条件下

w.p.b. abbr.  waste-paper basket [缩略]废纸篓

WPC abbr. (in the UK) woman police constable [缩略] (英国)女警察

w.p.m. abbr.  words per minute [缩略]每分钟字数

WRAC abbr. hist. (in the UK, until 1993) Women's Royal Army Corps [缩略] [史义] (英国 1993 年以前的)皇家陆军妇女队

wrack /ræk/ n.  1  seaweed cast up or growing on the shore (冲到海岸或在海岸边生长的)海草 2  = RACK2  3  a wreck or wreckage 遇难船只或其残骸 4  = RACK5  [Middle English from Middle Dutch wrak or Middle Low German wra(c)k, a parallel formation to Old English wrœc, related to wrecan WREAK: cf. WRECK, RACK5]

WRAF abbr. hist. (in the UK, until 1994) Women's Royal Air Force [缩略] [史义] (英国 1994 年以前的)皇家空军妇女队

wraggle-taggle var.  of RAGGLE-TAGGLE  RAGGLE-TAGGLE 的变体

wraith /reiθ/ n.  1  a ghost or apparition 鬼魂，幽灵 2  the spectral appearance of a living person supposed to portend that person's death 生灵，活人灵魂(迷信传说中活人的魂灵显现，认为预示此人的死亡) □ wraithlike  adj.   [16th-c. Scots: origin unknown]

wrangle /ˈræŋɡ(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  a noisy argument, altercation, or dispute 争吵，口角；争论 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 over)  engage in a wrangle 吵架，争吵 2 tr. US  herd (cattle) [美]放牧(牛群) □ wrangling  n.   [Middle English, probably from Low German or Dutch: cf. Low German wrangelen, frequentative of wrangen ‘to struggle’, related to WRING]

wrangler /ˈræŋɡlə/ n.  1  a person who wrangles 吵架者，争吵者；争论者 2 US  a cowboy [美]牧人，牛仔 3 (at Cambridge University) a person placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (剑桥大学)数学荣誉学位考试优胜者

wrap /ræp/ v. & n. ●v. (wrapped, wrapping)  1 tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  envelop in folded or soft encircling material (用可卷的或软的材料)包裹；包扎  wrap it up in paper  用纸把它包起来 wrap up a parcel  打包裹 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 round, about)  arrange or draw (a pliant covering) round (a person) 用(柔顺的遮盖物)包、裹或缠绕(某人)  wrapped the scarf closer around me  用围巾把自己严严地围起来 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 round) slang  crash (a vehicle) into a stationary object [俚语]使(车)撞上静止的物体 4 Computing 【计算】  a tr. (foll. by 后跟 to, onto)  cause (a word or unit of text etc.) to be carried over to a new line automatically as the margin is reached 使(一个词或一组文字等)到了行尾时自动换行b intr. (of a word etc.) be so carried over (指词等)自动移至下一行 ●n.  1  a shawl or scarf or other such addition to clothing; a wrapper 披肩；围巾；外衣；浴衣；包装纸 2 esp. US  material used for wrapping [尤美]包装材料 □ take the wraps off   disclose 揭示，揭露□ under wraps   in secrecy 保密□ wrapped up in   engrossed or absorbed in 专心致志于；对…倾注全部注意力(或爱慕之情)□ wrap up   1  finish off, bring to completion 完成，结束  wrapped up the deal in two days  两天之内完成交易 2  put on warm clothes 穿上暖和的衣服  mind you wrap up well  记住穿暖和点 3 (in imper. 用于祈使句) Brit. slang  be quiet [英] [俚语]安静；住口 [Middle English: origin unknown]

wraparound /ˈræpəraʊnd/ adj. & n. ●adj.  1 (esp. of clothing) designed to wrap round (尤指衣物)裹身的 2  curving or extending round at the edges or sides 包着的；卷绕的 ●n.  1  anything that wraps round 包裹(人或物品)的东西 2 Computing  a facility by which a linear sequence of memory locations or screen positions is treated as a continuous circular series 【计算】返转，环绕式处理(程序)

wrap-over adj. & n. Brit. [英] ●attrib. adj. (of a garment) having no seam at one side but wrapped around the body and fastened (指衣服)裹身叠合式的 ●n.  such a garment 裹身叠合式的衣服

wrappage /ˈræpidʒ/ n.  a wrapping or wrappings 包装材料，包裹物

wrapped /ræpt/ adj.  1  that has been wrapped 包装好的，有包装的 2  finished, completed 完成的，完结的 3 Austral. colloq. [澳口]  = RAPT 4 

wrapper /ˈræpə/ n.  1  a cover for a sweet, chocolate, etc. (糖果、巧克力等的)包装纸 2  a cover enclosing a newspaper or similar packet for posting (邮寄杂志、报纸用的)包纸 3  a paper cover of a book, usu. detachable 书皮；包书纸 4  a loose enveloping robe or gown 宽大长袍；睡袍 5  a tobacco leaf of superior quality enclosing a cigar (雪茄的)外卷烟叶

wrapping /ˈræpiŋ/ n. (esp. in pl. 尤用复数)  material used to wrap; wraps, wrappers 包装材料，包装纸，外包装

wrapping paper n.  strong or decorative paper for wrapping parcels (结实或装饰性的)包装纸

wrasse /ræs/ n.  any brightly coloured marine fish of the family Labridae with thick lips and strong teeth 隆头鱼 [Cornish wrach, variant of gwrach, = Welsh gwrach, literally ‘old woman’]

wrath /rɒθ, rɔ:θ/ n. literary  extreme anger [文学用语]愤怒，怒火 [Old English wrœˉththu from wrɑˉth WROTH]

wrathful /ˈrɒθfʊl, -f(ə)l, ˈrɔ:θ-/ adj. literary  extremely angry [文学用语]愤怒的，怒不可遏的 □ wrathfully  adv.  □ wrathfulness  n.  

wrathy /ˈrɒθi, ˈrɔ:θi/ adj. N. Amer. [北美]  = WRATHFUL 

wreak /ri:k/ v. tr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 upon)  give play or satisfaction to; put in operation (vengeance or one's anger etc.) 向某人报(仇)，实施(报复)；发泄，泄(愤) 2  cause (damage etc.) 造成(破坏、伤害等)  the hurricane wreaked havoc on the crops  飓风给庄稼造成巨大破坏 3 archaic  avenge (a wrong or wronged person) [古义]为(冤屈或被冤屈者)报仇 □ wreaker  n.   [Old English wrecan ‘drive, avenge’, etc., from Germanic: cf. WRACK, WRECK, WRETCH]

wreath /ri:θ/ n. (pl. wreaths /ri:ðz, ri:θs/)  1  flowers or leaves fastened in a ring esp. as an ornament for a person's head or a building or for laying on a grave etc. as a mark of honour or respect 花冠，花环；花圈 2  a  a similar ring of soft twisted material such as silk (柔软材料如丝绸制的)环状物b Heraldry  a representation of this below a crest 【纹章学】纹章上的饰环 3  a carved representation of a wreath 雕花环 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a curl or ring of smoke or cloud (烟、云的)圈，环 5  a light drifting mass of snow etc. 飘动的雪团等 [Old English writha from weak grade of wrīthan WRITHE]

wreathe /ri:ð/ v.  1 tr.  encircle as, with, or like a wreath 围成花环；用花环装饰；环绕成花环状 2 tr. (foll. by 后跟 round)  put (one's arms etc.) round (a person etc.) 用(手臂等)抱住(某人等) 3 intr. (of smoke etc.) move in the shape of wreaths (指烟等)缭绕 4 tr.  form (flowers, silk, etc.) into a wreath 将(花、丝绸等)编扎成花圈 5 tr.  make (a garland) 编(花环) [partly back-formation from archaic wrethen, past part. of WRITHE; partly from WREATH]

wreck /rek/ n. & v. ●n.  1  the destruction or disablement esp. of a ship (尤指船舶等)失事，遇难 2  a ship that has suffered a wreck 遇难船只，失事船  the shores are strewn with wrecks  海岸边散布着遇难的船只 3  a greatly damaged or disabled building, thing, or person 受到严重损坏或伤残的建筑物、东西或人  had become a physical and mental wreck  身心严重受损 4 (foll. by 后跟 of)  a wretched remnant or disorganized set of remains 残骸；残留物 5 Law  goods etc. cast up by the sea 【法律】(从海上失事船中)漂到岸上的货物等 ●v.  1 tr.  cause the wreck of (a ship etc.) 造成(船舶等)失事 2 tr.  completely ruin (hopes, chances, etc.) 彻底毁掉(希望、机会等) 3 intr.  suffer a wreck 失事，遇难 4 tr. (as 作 wrecked adj.)  involved in a shipwreck (船舶失事中)遇难的  wrecked sailors  遇难的水手们 5 intr. US  deal with wrecked vehicles etc. [美]处理失事船只(车辆等) [Middle English from Anglo-French wrec etc. (related to VAREC) from a Germanic root meaning ‘to drive’: cf. WREAK]

wreckage /ˈrekidʒ/ n.  1  wrecked material (船舶等失事后的)残货 2  the remnants of a wreck (失事船或飞机等的)残骸 3  the action or process of wrecking 失事；失事过程

wrecker /ˈrekə/ n.  1  a person or thing that wrecks or destroys (失事或破坏的)肇事者或肇事原因 2 esp. hist.  a person on the shore who tries to bring about a shipwreck in order to plunder or profit by the wreckage [尤史义] (岸上故意发错误信号试图造成船舶失事以劫掠沉船物资或从中获益的)毁船打劫者 3 esp. N. Amer.  a person employed in demolition, or in recovering a wrecked ship or its contents [尤北美]雇佣的拆卸、打捞遇难船只或其上东西的人 4 US  a person who breaks up damaged vehicles for spares and scrap [美]拆卸废旧汽车零件的人 5 N. Amer.  a vehicle or train used in recovering a damaged one [北美]失事现场救援车或牵引车

wreck-master n.  an officer appointed to take charge of goods etc. cast up from a wrecked ship 失事船舶货物指定管理人

Wren /ren/ n. hist. (in the UK) a member of the former Women's Royal Naval Service [史义] (英国)皇家海军妇女服务队队员 [originally in pl., from abbreviation WRNS]

wren /ren/ n.  1  any short-winged songbird of the family Troglodytidae, esp. the very small Troglodytes troglodytes of Eurasia and N. America, having barred brown plumage and a short cocked tail 鹪鹩(一种欧亚和北美产短翼鸣禽) 2 (in comb. 用于复合词) Brit.  any small warbler or kinglet [英]莺；戴菊鸟  willow-wren  柳莺 3  a small Australasian or S. American bird resembling a wren 一种澳大拉西亚或南美的小鸟，形似鹪鹩 [Old English wrenna, related to Old High German wrendo, wrendilo, Icelandic rindill]

wrench /ren(t)ʃ/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a violent twist or oblique pull or act of tearing off 猛扭，猛拧；撕扯 2  an adjustable tool like a spanner for gripping and turning nuts etc. 扳钳，扳手 3  an instance of painful uprooting or parting (离别等的)痛苦，难受  leaving home was a great wrench  离开家是极大的痛苦 4 Mech.  a combination of a couple with a force along its axis 【机】偶单力组 ●v. tr.  1  twist or pull violently round or sideways 猛扭，猛拧 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 off, away, etc.)  pull off with a wrench 用力拧下 3  distort (facts) to suit a theory etc. 歪曲，曲解 [(earlier as verb:) Old English wrencan ‘twist’]

wrest /rest/ v. & n. ●v. tr.  1  force or wrench away from a person's grasp 用力扭，用力拧；(从某人处)用力抢夺 2 (foll. by 后跟 from)  obtain by effort or with difficulty 努力或费力地取得 3  distort into accordance with one's interests or views 曲解，歪曲(以符合自己的利益或观点)  wrest the law to suit themselves  为了适合他们自己(的需要)而歪曲法律 ●n. archaic  a key for tuning a harp or piano etc. [古义] (校准竖琴、钢琴等弦音的)扭匙，校音匙 [Old English wrœˉstan from Germanic: related to WRIST]

wrest-block n. (also 亦作 wrest-plank)  the part of a piano or harpsichord holding the wrest-pins (钢琴或拔弦古钢琴内的)音栓板

wrestle /ˈres(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a contest in which two opponents grapple and try to throw each other to the ground esp. as an athletic sport under a code of rules 摔跤比赛(尤指作为一项有一套规则的体育运动) 2  a hard struggle 战斗，苦斗 ●v.  1 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 with)  take part in a wrestle 摔跤 2 tr.  fight (a person) in a wrestle 与(某人)摔跤；搏斗  wrestled his opponent to the ground  把他的对手摔倒在地 3 intr.  a (foll. by 后跟 with, against)  struggle, contend 竞争；斗争b (foll. by 后跟 with)  do one's utmost to deal with (a task, difficulty, etc.) 尽某人最大努力完成(任务)或克服(困难)等 4 tr.  move with efforts as if wrestling (像摔跤一样地)用力移动，搬动 □ wrestler  n.  □ wrestling  n.   [Old English wrœˉstlian, recorded in wraestlung ‘wrestling’]

wrest-pin n.  each of the pins to which the strings of a piano or harpsichord are attached (弦乐器的)校音栓

wretch /retʃ/ n.  1  an unfortunate or pitiable person 不幸的人；苦命的人 2 (often as a playful term of depreciation) a reprehensible or contemptible person (常作贬低戏谑语)淘气鬼；该死的家伙 [Old English wrecca, from Germanic]

wretched /ˈretʃid/ adj. (wretcheder, wretchedest)  1  unhappy or miserable 不幸的；悲惨的 2  of bad quality or no merit; contemptible 品质坏的；可鄙的 3  unsatisfactory or displeasing 不令人满意的；令人不快的 □ feel wretched   1  be unwell 感觉不舒服 2  be much embarrassed 感到十分困窘□ wretchedly  adv.  □ wretchedness  n.   [Middle English, formed irregularly from WRETCH + -ED1: cf. WICKED]

wrick Brit. var.  of RICK2 [英] RICK2 的变体

wriggle /ˈriɡ(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  a (of a worm etc.) twist or turn its body with short writhing movements (指虫等)蠕动；扭动b (of a person or animal) make similar movements (指人或动物)扭动；蠕动 2 tr. & intr. (foll. by 后跟 along etc.)  move or go in this way 蠕动着前进，蜿蜒行进；不知不觉地潜入  wriggled into the corner  悄悄钻进角落 wriggled his hand into the hole  扭动他的手伸进洞中 3 tr.  make (one's way) by wriggling 扭动着前进 4 intr.  practise evasion 设法逃避 ●n.  an act of wriggling 扭动；蠕动 □ wriggle out of  colloq.  avoid on a contrived pretext [口]找借口回避或逃脱□ wriggler  n.  □ wriggly  adj.   [Middle English from Middle Low German wriggelen, frequentative of wriggen]

wright /rait/ n.  a maker or builder 制造者；工匠 usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词 : playwright  剧作家 shipwright  造船工人 [Old English wryhta, wyrhta from West Germanic: related to WORK]

wring /riŋ/ v. & n. ●v. tr. (past and past part. wrung /rʌŋ/)  1  a  squeeze tightly 绞，拧b (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  squeeze and twist esp. to remove liquid (尤指)拧出，绞出，榨出(液体) 2  twist forcibly; break by twisting 用力拧；扭断 3  distress or torture 使痛苦；折磨 4  extract by squeezing 榨出，榨取 5 (foll. by 后跟 out, from)  obtain by pressure or importunity; extort 强行索取；勒索 ●n.  an act of wringing; a squeeze 拧，绞；挤榨 □ wring a person's hand   clasp it forcibly or press it with emotion 热烈地紧握某人的手□ wring one's hands   clasp them as a gesture of great distress (悲痛得)双手使劲拧绞□ wring the neck of   kill (a chicken etc.) by twisting its neck 用力扭断脖子杀死(小鸡等) [Old English wringan from West Germanic: related to WRONG]

wringer /ˈriŋə/ n.  a device for wringing water from washed clothes etc. (衣服等的)脱水机 □ put through the wringer  colloq.  subject to a very stressful experience [口]使受尽磨难，使历尽艰苦

wringing /ˈriŋiŋ/ adj. (in full 全形 wringing wet)  so wet that water can be wrung out 湿透的

wrinkle /ˈriŋk(ə)l/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a slight crease or depression in the skin such as is produced by age (皮肤上的)皱纹(如因上了年纪而产生的) 2  a similar mark in another flexible surface (其他柔软表面的)皱，褶子 3 colloq.  a detail, esp. a useful tip or technical innovation [口]细节；(尤指)妙计，好主意或技术创新 ●v.  1 tr.  make wrinkles in 使起褶 2 intr.  form wrinkles; become marked with wrinkles 起皱纹，起褶，皱起 [originally representing Old English gewrinclod ‘sinuous’]

wrinkly /ˈriŋkli/ adj. & n. ●adj. (wrinklier, wrinkliest)  having many wrinkles 有皱纹的 ●n. (also 亦作 wrinklie) (pl. -ies) slang offens.  an old or middle-aged person [俚语] [冒犯]老人；中年人

wrist /rist/ n.  1  the part connecting the hand with the forearm 手腕，腕部 2  the corresponding part in an animal 动物的腕关节 3  the part of a garment covering the wrist (衣服的)袖口 4  a (in full 全称 wrist-work)  the act or practice of working the hand without moving the arm 手腕动作或练习b  the effect produced in fencing, ball games, sleight of hand, etc., by this (通过腕部练习在击剑、球类等中产生的)腕部技巧；腕力 5 (in full 全称 wrist-pin) Mech.  a stud projecting from a crank etc. as an attachment for a connecting rod 【机】活塞销；肘节销 [Old English from Germanic, probably from a root related to WRITHE]

wristband /ˈris(t)bænd/ n.  a band forming or concealing the end of a shirtsleeve; a cuff (衬衫的)袖口

wrist-drop n.  the inability to extend the hand through paralysis of the forearm muscles 腕下垂，手垂症

wristlet /ˈris(t)lit/ n.  a band or ring worn on the wrist to strengthen or guard it or as an ornament, bracelet, handcuff, etc. 护腕；手镯；手铐等

wrist-pin  see 见 WRIST 5 

wristwatch /ˈris(t)wɒtʃ/ n.  a small watch worn on a strap round the wrist 手表

wrist-work  see 见 WRIST 4a 

wristy /ˈristi/ adj. (esp. of a shot in cricket, tennis, etc.) involving or characterized by movement of the wrist (尤指在板球、网球等运动中击球)用腕部动作的；腕力的

writ1 /rit/ n.  1  a form of written command in the name of a court, state, sovereign, etc., to act or abstain from acting in some way (以法庭、国家、最高统治者等的名义下达的)书面命令，令状 2  a Crown document summoning a peer to Parliament or ordering the election of a member or members of Parliament (以国王名义发表的召某一贵族到议会或命令选举议会成员(们)的)诏书 □ serve a writ on   deliver a writ to (a person) 将传票送达(某人)□ one's writ runs   one has authority (as specified) 某人的令状有效，某人(如所规定的)有权 [Old English (as WRITE)]

writ2 /rit/ archaic [古义] past part.  of WRITE  □ writ large   in magnified or emphasized form 放大形式的，扩大形式的；强调形式的

write /rait/ v. (past wrote /rəʊt/; past part. written /ˈrit(ə)n/)  1 intr.  mark paper or some other surface by means of a pen, pencil, etc., with symbols, letters, or words 写(字母，字)；做(符号，记号等) 2 tr.  form or mark (such symbols etc.) 写字；书写 3 tr.  form or mark the symbols that represent or constitute (a word or sentence, or a document etc.) 写(可表示或构成意思的词、句子或文件等) 4 tr.  fill or complete (a sheet, cheque, etc.) with writing 填写(表格，支票等) 5 tr.  put (data) into a computer store 将(数据、资料)输入计算机存储 6 tr. (esp. in passive 尤用于被动)  indicate (a quality or condition) by one's or its appearance (特质或情况)显露，形之于色  guilt was written on his face  脸上流露出内疚的神情 7 tr.  compose (a text, article, novel, etc.) for written or printed reproduction or publication; put into literary etc. form and set down in writing 写作(课文、文章、小说等)；编著 8 intr.  be engaged in composing a text, article, etc. 从事写作等  writes for the local newspaper  为当地的报纸撰写文章 9 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  write and send a letter (to a recipient) (给某人)写信 10 tr. US or colloq.  write and send a letter to (a person) [美] [口]写信寄给(某人)  wrote him last week  上周写了封信给他 11 tr.  convey (news, information, etc.) by letter 写信传递(消息、信息等)；函告  wrote that they would arrive next Friday  写信通知他们下周五到达 12 tr.  state in written or printed form 用文字记述，写下  it is written that  据记载 13 tr.  cause to be recorded 使被记录下来 14 tr.  underwrite (an insurance policy) 签署(保险单) 15 tr. (foll. by 后跟 into, out of)  include or exclude (a character or episode) in a story by suitable changes of the text 对文本作适当的变动、将(人物或情节)在故事中写进或去掉 16 tr. archaic  describe in writing [古义]描写 □ nothing to write home about  colloq.  of little interest or value [口]没有多少兴趣或价值□ write down   1  record or take note of in writing 写下；记下 2  write as if for those considered inferior 为低水平的读者写作 3  disparage in writing 写文章贬低或诋毁 4  reduce the nominal value of (stock, goods, etc.) 降低(股票、商品等的)账面价值□ write in   1  send a suggestion, query, etc., in writing to an organization, esp. a broadcasting station 给某组织(尤指电台)写信提出建议、质询等 2 US  add (an extra name) on a list of candidates when voting [美]在选票上加写(非原定候选人的名字)□ write off   1  write and send a letter 写信寄出 2  cancel the record of (a bad debt etc.); acknowledge the loss of or failure to recover (an asset) 勾销(不良债务等)；确认损失或破产以重获(部分资产) 3 Brit.  damage (a vehicle etc.) so badly that it cannot be repaired [英] (车辆等)严重损坏已不能修理；报废 4  compose with facility 轻而易举地写成 5  dismiss as insignificant 删除□ write out   1  write in full or in finished form 全部写出；写成 2  exhaust (oneself) by writing 写得使(自己)智穷才尽□ write up   1  write a full account of 详细记述 2  praise in writing 写文章赞扬 3  make entries to bring (a diary etc.) up to date 写(日记等)直写到目前为止□ writable  adj.   [Old English wrītan ‘scratch, score, write’, from Germanic: originally used of symbols inscribed with sharp tools on stone or wood]■Usage 用法说明 The use of write as a transitive verb with a person as the direct object, e.g. He writes me every week, is best avoided in British English, but is good American English. He writes me a letter every week is acceptable because me is not the direct object. 作为及物动词， write 后面接人作为直接宾语，如 He writes me every week (他每周给我写封信)在英国英语中最好避免使用，而在美国英语中则是可以的。 He writes me a letter every week (他每周给我写封信)可以接受，因为这里的 me 不是直接宾语。 

write-down n.  a reduction in the estimated or nominal value of stock, assets, etc. (股票、资产等)预计的或账面值的降低，划减

write-in n. US  an instance of writing in (see 见 write in 2) [美]选举人在选票上写非原定候选人的名字

write-off n.  a thing written off, esp. a vehicle too badly damaged to be repaired 注销的坏账等；报废物，(尤指)毁坏得已无法修复的交通工具

writer /ˈraitə/ n.  1  a person who writes or has written something 书写的人，执笔者，撰写人 2  a person who writes books; an author 作家；作者 3 Brit.  a clerk, esp. in the Navy or in government offices [英] (尤指在海军或政府机关工作的)职员 4 Brit.  a scribe [英]抄写员，文书 [Old English wrītere (as WRITE)]

writerly /ˈraitəli/ adj.  1  characteristic of a professional author 作家特有的 2  consciously literary 写作艺术的

writer's block n.  a periodic lack of inspiration afflicting creative writers etc. (周期性地使作家缺乏创作灵感的)作者心理阻滞

writer's cramp n.  a muscular spasm due to excessive writing (由于过多书写造成的)书写痉挛

Writer to the Signet n.  a Scottish solicitor conducting cases in the Court of Session (在最高民事法院出庭办案的)苏格兰律师 [originally a clerk who prepared writs for the royal signet]

write-up n. colloq.  a written or published account, a review [口]记述；报道；评论

writhe /raið/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  twist or roll oneself about in or as if in acute pain (因痛苦等)扭动身体；折腾 2 intr.  suffer severe mental discomfort or embarrassment 苦恼；不安；难堪  writhed with shame  羞愧难当 writhed at the thought of it  想到它就非常痛苦 3 tr.  twist (one's body etc.) about 扭动(某人的身体) ●n.  an act of writhing 扭动；扭曲；极度的痛苦或难堪 [Old English wrīthan, related to WREATHE]

writing /ˈraitiŋ/ n.  1  a group or sequence of letters or symbols 书面形式 2  = HANDWRITING  3 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数)  a piece of literary work done; a book, article, etc. 文学作品；著作；文章等 4 (作 Writings)  the Hagiographa 《圣录》，《圣书卷》(犹太教《圣经》的第三部分) □ in writing   in written form 以书面形式□ the writing on the wall   an ominously significant event etc. (see Dan. 5:5, 25 － 8) 不祥之兆，凶兆，坏兆头(见《圣经·但以理书》 5:5, 25 － 8)

writing desk n.  a desk for writing at, esp. with compartments for papers etc. 书桌，写字台

writing pad n.  a pad (see 见 PAD1 n. 2) of paper for writing on 信纸簿

writing paper n.  paper for writing (esp. letters) on 书写纸(尤指信纸)

written past part.  of WRITE  

WRNS abbr. hist. (in the UK) Women's Royal Naval Service [缩略] [史义] (英国)皇家海军妇女服务队

wrong /rɒŋ/ adj., adv., n. & v. ●adj.  1  mistaken; not true; in error 错的；不确实的；不正确的  gave a wrong answer  回答错误 we were wrong to think that  我们那样想是错误的 2  unsuitable; less or least desirable 不合适的；不合意的  the wrong road  错路 a wrong decision  错误的决定 3  contrary to law or morality 违法的；不道德的  it is wrong to steal  偷盗是不道德的 4  amiss; out of order, in or into a bad or abnormal condition 错误的；有毛病的；不正常的  something wrong with my heart  我的心脏有毛病 my watch has gone wrong  我的手表坏了 ●adv. (usually placed last 通常放在最后)  in a wrong manner or direction; with an incorrect result 采取错误方式地；错误导向地；结果错误地  guessed wrong  猜错了 told them wrong  告诉他们的是错的 ●n.  1  what is morally wrong; a wrong action 坏事；罪过；错误；过失 2  injustice; unjust action or treatment 不公正；不公平；冤屈  suffer wrong  受冤屈 ●v. tr.  1  treat unjustly; do wrong to 不公正地对待；错误对待；使(某人)受委屈 2  mistakenly attribute bad motives to; discredit 冤枉(某人)；使丢脸 □ do wrong   commit sin; transgress, offend 做错事；违规；违法□ do wrong to   malign or mistreat (a person) 诽谤或虐待(某人)□ get in wrong with  colloq.  incur the dislike or disapproval of (a person) [口]招致(某人的)讨厌或不赞成□ get wrong   1  misunderstand (a person, statement, etc.) 误解(某人)；曲解(某话)等 2  obtain an incorrect answer to 得到不正确的答案；算错□ get (or get hold of) the wrong end of the stick   misunderstand completely 完全误解；搞错□ go down the wrong way  (of food) enter the windpipe instead of the gullet (指食物)进入气管，吃呛□ go wrong   1  take the wrong path 走错路 2  stop functioning properly 出故障；出毛病 3  depart from virtuous or suitable behaviour 失足，堕落；犯错误□ in the wrong   responsible for a quarrel, mistake, or offence 理亏；有错；(在吵架、犯错或犯罪中)负有责任□ wrong way round   in the opposite or reverse of the normal or desirable orientation or sequence etc. 方向不对(或不正)地□ wronger  n.  □ wrongly  adv.  □ wrongness  n.   [Old English wrang from Old Norse rangr ‘awry, unjust’: related to WRING]

wrongdoer /ˈrɒŋdu:ə/ n.  a person who behaves immorally or illegally 做坏事的人；不法之徒 □ wrongdoing  n.  

wrong-foot v. tr. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1 (in tennis, football, etc.) play so as to catch (an opponent) off balance (在网球、足球等中)打得(对手)手忙脚乱 2  disconcert; catch unprepared 使方寸大乱；使措手不及

wrongful /ˈrɒŋfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  characterized by unfairness or injustice 不公允的，不公正的 2  contrary to law 不合法的，非法的 3 (of a person) not entitled to the position etc. occupied (指人)不称职的 □ wrongfully  adv.  □ wrongfulness  n.  

wrong-headed adj.  perverse and obstinate 刚愎自用的；一意孤行的 □ wrong-headedly  adv.  □ wrong-headedness  n.  

wrong side n.  the worse or undesired or unusable side of something, esp. fabric (事物)较差的、不理想的或不能用的一面；(尤指布料的)反面 □ born on the wrong side of the blanket   see 见 BLANKET □ get out of bed on the wrong side   see 见 BED □ on the wrong side of   1  out of favour with (a person) 失宠于(某人)，被嫌弃 2  somewhat more than (a specified age) 已过(某一年龄)□ on the wrong side of the tracks   see 见 TRACK1 □ wrong side out   with the wrong side outwards; inside out 差的一面在外；反面在外

wrong'un /ˈrɒŋən/ n. Brit. colloq. [英口]  1  a person of bad character 坏蛋；品质不端的人 2 Cricket 【板球】  = GOOGLY  [contraction of wrong one]

wrot /rɒt/ n. (often 常作 attrib.)  wrought timber 刨平的木材 [alteration of WROUGHT]

wrote past  of WRITE  

wroth /rəʊθ, rɒθ/ predic. adj. archaic  angry [古义]愤怒的；激怒的 [Old English wrɑˉth, from Germanic]

wrought /rɔ:t/ archaic [古义] past and past part. of WORK; adj.  1 (of metals) beaten out or shaped by hammering (指金属)经锤打成形的、锻造的 2 (of timber) planed on one or more sides (指木材)一面或多面刨平的

wrought iron n.  a tough malleable form of iron suitable for forging or rolling 锻铁，熟铁 hyphenated when attrib. 作定语时加连字符 : wrought-iron gate  锻铁大门

wrung past and past part.  of WRING 

WRVS abbr. (in the UK) Women's Royal Voluntary Service [缩略] (英国)皇家妇女志愿服务队

wry /rai/ adj. (wryer, wryest or wrier, wriest)  1  distorted or turned to one side 扭曲的；歪斜的 2 (of a face or smile etc.) contorted in disgust, disappointment, or mockery (指面部表情或笑容等因厌恶、失望或嘲笑而)扭曲的 3 (of humour) dry and mocking (指幽默)讽刺的，嘲讽的 □ wryly  adv.  □ wryness  n.   [wry (v.) from Old English wrīgian ‘tend, incline’, in Middle English ‘deviate, swerve, contort’]

wryneck /ˈrainek/ n.  1  any bird of the genus Jynx of the woodpecker family, able to turn its head over its shoulder 蚁(啄木鸟的一种) 2  = TORTICOLLIS 

WSW abbr. [缩略]  west-south-west 

wt. abbr. [缩略]  weight 

Wu /wu:/ n.  a dialect of Chinese spoken in the Kiangsu and Chekiang Provinces 吴语(中国江苏、浙江一带的方言) [Chinese]

wunderkind /ˈvʊndəkint/ n. (pl. wunderkinds or wunderkinder /-kində/) colloq.  a person who achieves great success while relatively young [口]神童，天才青年，有巨大成就的年青人 [German, from Wunder ‘wonder’ + Kind ‘child’]

wurst /vɜ:st, vʊəst, w-/ n.  German or Austrian sausage 德国或奥地利香肠 [German]

wuss /wʊs/ n. (also 亦作 wussy pl. -ies) esp. N. Amer. slang  an inept, feeble, or cowardly person [尤北美] [俚语]无能的、软弱的或胆小的人 □ wussy  adj.   [20th c.: origin unknown]

WV abbr. US  West Virginia (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]西弗吉尼亚州(正式邮政用语)

W.Va. abbr.  West Virginia [缩略]西弗吉尼亚

WW abbr. US [缩略] [美]  World War (I, II) 

WX abbr. Brit.  women's extra large size [缩略] [英]女式特大号

WY abbr. US  Wyoming (in official postal use) [缩略] [美]怀俄明州(正式邮政用语)

Wyandot /ˈwaiəndɒt/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Wyandotte esp. in sense 2 of n. 尤用于名词释义 2) ●n.  1  a  a member of a N. American people originally of Ontario 怀恩多特人(源于安大略的北美印第安人)b  the language of this people 怀恩多特语 2  a  a domestic fowl of a medium-sized American breed 怀恩多特鸡b  this breed 怀恩多特鸡种 ●adj.  of or relating to the Wyandots or their language 怀恩多特人的；怀恩多特语的 [French Ouendat from the native name Wendat]

wych elm /witʃ/ n. (also 亦作 witch elm)  a Eurasian elm, Ulmus glabra, with large rough leaves 无毛榆 [from wych, used in names of trees with pliant branches, from Old English wic(e) apparently from a Germanic root meaning ‘bend’: related to WEAK]

wych hazel var.  of WITCH HAZEL  WITCH HAZEL 的变体

Wykehamist /ˈwikəmist/ n. & adj. ●n.  a past or present member of Winchester College (英国)温彻斯特学院的学生或校友 ●adj.  of or concerning Winchester College 温彻斯特学院的 [modern Latin Wykehamista from the name of William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester and founder of the college (d. 1404)]

wyn var.  of WEN2  WEN2 的变体

wynd /waind/ n. Sc. & N. Engl.  a narrow street or alley [苏格兰和英格兰北部]小巷，胡同 [Middle English, apparently from the stem of WIND2]

Wyo. abbr.  Wyoming [缩略] (美)怀俄明州

WYSIWYG /ˈwiziwiɡ/ adj. (also 亦作 wysiwyg) Computing  denoting the representation of text on-screen in a form exactly corresponding to its appearance on a printout 【计算】 what you see is what you get (所见即所得)的首字母缩拼词，意为：计算机显示屏上显示的图像是出版物的准确再现 [acronym from what you see is what you get]

wyvern /ˈwaiv(ə)n/ n. (also 亦作 wivern) Heraldry  a winged two-legged dragon with a barbed tail 【纹章学】(纹章上的)双足飞龙 [Middle English wyver via Old French wivre, guivre from Latin vipera: for -n cf. BITTERN1]

X1 /eks/ n. (also 亦作 x) (pl. Xs or X's)  1  the twenty-fourth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 24 个字母 2 (as a Roman numeral) ten (罗马数字的)十 3 (usu. 通常作 x) Algebra  the first unknown quantity 【代数】第一未知量 4 (usu. 通常作 x) Geom.  the first coordinate 【几】第一坐标(符号)；横坐标 5  an unknown or unspecified number or person etc. 未知(或未指明)的人或数字 6  a cross-shaped symbol esp. used X 形状的代号，尤用于 :a  to indicate position 指示位置  X marks the spot  X 标示该地点b  to indicate incorrectness 表示错误c  to symbolize a kiss or a vote 表示亲吻(用于书信中)；(选票上)表示投票的记号d  as the signature of a person who cannot write 作为不会写字者的签名

X2 symb. (of films) classified as suitable for adults only (replaced in the UK in 1983 by 18, and in the US in 1990 by NC － 17 (no children under 17)) [符] (指电影)X 级的，只适合成人看的 (1983 年英国改用 18 ；美国在 1990 年改用 NC － 17 表示，即 17 岁以下儿童不宜)

-x /z/ suffix  forming the plural of many nouns in -u taken from French (beaux 情郎；纨袴子弟 ; tableaux 舞台造型；戏剧性场面) 构成末尾为 -u 的源自法语的名词的复数 [French]

xanthate /ˈzænθeit/ n.  any salt or ester of xanthic acid 黄原酸盐(或酯)

xanthic /ˈzænθik/ adj.  yellowish 黄色的，微黄色的 [Greek xanthos ‘yellow’]

xanthic acid n.  any colourless unstable acid containing the -OCS2H group 黄原酸，乙氧基二硫代甲酸

xanthine /ˈzænθi:n/ n. (also 亦作 xanthin /-in/) Biochem. 【生化】  1  a purine derivative found in blood and urine which is a breakdown product of nucleic acids and is the parent compound of caffeine and other alkaloids 黄嘌呤(一种嘌呤碱，存在于血液和尿中，是核酸的分解物) 2 (作 xanthin)  any of various orange or yellow carotenoids found in plants 叶黄素(存在于植物中的桔黄色或黄色的类胡萝卜素)

Xanthippe /zænˈθipi/ n. (also 亦作 Xantippe /-ˈtipi/)  a shrewish or ill-tempered woman or wife 泼妇；悍妻 [the name of Socrates' wife]

xanthoma /zænˈθəʊmə/ n. (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata /-tə/) Med. 【医】  1  a skin disease characterized by irregular yellow patches 黄瘤，脂瘤性纤维瘤(一种出现不规则黄斑块的皮肤病) 2  such a patch 黄瘤病的黄瘤 [as XANTHIC + -OMA]

xanthophyll /ˈzænθə(ʊ)fil/ n.  any of various oxygen-containing carotenoids associated with chlorophyll, some of which cause the yellow colour of leaves in the autumn 叶黄素，胡萝卜醇 [as XANTHIC + Greek phullon ‘leaf’]

x-axis n.  the horizontal axis in a set of rectangular coordinates, a graph, etc. (坐标、图表等中的) x 轴，横坐标轴轴

X chromosome n.  a sex chromosome of which the number in female cells is twice that in male cells, as in humans and other mammals X 染色体(一种性染色体，在人体和其他动物体内，雌性细胞是雄性细胞的两倍) [X (as an arbitrary label) + CHROMOSOME]

x.d. abbr.  ex dividend [缩略]不包括红利

Xe symb. Chem.  the element xenon [符]【化】(化学元素)氙

xebec /ˈzi:bek/ n. (also 亦作 zebec, zebeck)  a small three-masted Mediterranean vessel with lateen and usu. some square sails (航行于地中海的)三桅小帆船 [alteration (influenced by Spanish xabeque) of French chebec, via Italian sciabecco from Arabic šabɑˉk]

xeno- /ˈzenəʊ/ comb. form [构词成分]  1  a  foreign 外国的；外来的b  a foreigner 外国人；陌生人 2  other 别的；不同的 [Greek xenos ‘strange, foreign, stranger’]

xenogamy /zeˈnɒɡəmi/ n. Bot.  cross-fertilization 【植】异株异花受精或受粉 □ xenogamous  adj.  

xenograft /ˈzenə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:ft/ n.  a tissue graft from a donor of a different species from the recipient 异种移植物 [XENO- + GRAFT1]

xenolith /ˈzenəliθ/ n. Geol.  an inclusion within an igneous rock mass, usu. derived from the immediately surrounding rock 【地质】捕虏体，捕虏岩(指火成岩中的包体，通常来自紧邻的周围的岩石)

xenon /ˈzenɒn, ˈzi:-/ n. Chem.  a heavy colourless odourless inert gaseous element occurring in traces in the atmosphere and used in fluorescent lamps (symbol 符 Xe) 【化】(惰性气体元素)氙 [Greek, neut. of xenos ‘strange’]

xenophobe /ˈzenəfəʊb/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person given to xenophobia 恐惧或憎恶外国人(或陌生人)的人 ●adj.  characteristic of a xenophobe; xenophobic 恐惧或憎恶外国人(或陌生人)的

xenophobia /zenəˈfəʊbiə/ n.  a deep dislike of foreigners 对外国人(或陌生人)的憎恶 □ xenophobic  adj.  

xeranthemum /ziəˈrænθiməm/ n.  a plant of the genus Xeranthemum (daisy family), with dry everlasting flowers 灰毛菊 [modern Latin, from Greek xēros ‘dry’ + anthemon ‘flower’]

xeric /ˈziərik, ˈze-/ adj. Ecol. (of a habitat) very dry 【态】(指自然环境)干旱的；沙漠般的 [as XERO- + -IC]

xero- /ˈziərəʊ, ˈzerəʊ/ comb. form  dry [构词成分]干燥的 [Greek xēros ‘dry’]

xeroderma /ziərə(ʊ)ˈdɜ:mə, ze-/ n.  any of various diseases characterized by extreme dryness of the skin, esp. ichthyosis 干皮病，皮肤干燥症 [modern Latin (as XERO-, Greek derma ‘skin’)]

xerograph /ˈziərə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f, ˈze-/ n.  a copy produced by xerography 干印术，静电复印

xerography /ziəˈrɒɡrəfi, ze-/ n.  a dry copying process in which black or coloured powder adheres to parts of a surface remaining electrically charged after exposure of the surface to light from an image of the document to be copied 静电复印术 □ xerographic  /-rəˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ xerographically  /-rəˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

xerophilous /ziəˈrɒfiləs, ze-/ adj. (of a plant) adapted to extremely dry conditions (植物)适旱的，喜旱的

xerophyte /ˈziərə(ʊ)fait, ˈze-/ n. (also 亦作 xerophile /-fail/)  a plant able to grow in very dry conditions, e.g. in a desert 旱生植物(可生长在干旱气候条件里，如沙漠地区)

Xerox /ˈziərɒks, ˈzerɒks/ n. & v. ●n. propr.  1  a machine for copying by xerography [商标]静电复印机 2  a copy made using this machine 静电复印件 ●v. tr. (作 xerox)  reproduce by this process 静电复印 [invented from XEROGRAPHY]

Xhosa /ˈkəʊsə, ˈkɔ:sə/ n. & adj. ●n.  1 (pl. same 单复同 or Xhosas)  a member of a Bantu-speaking people of Cape Province, South Africa 科萨人(南非开普省讲班图语的人) 2  the Bantu language of this people, similar to Zulu 科萨人使用的班图语(和祖鲁语类似) ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 科萨人的；科萨语的 [native name]

xi /ksai, ɡzai, sai, zai/ n.  the fourteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (Ξ，ξ) 希腊语字母表中的第 14 个字母 [Greek]

-xion /kʃ(ə)n/ suffix  forming nouns (see 见 -ION) from Latin participial stems in -x- (fluxion 流动；微分) 与含有 -x- 的拉丁分词词干结合构成名词

xiphisternum /zifiˈstɜ:nəm/ n. Anat. 【解】  = XIPHOID PROCESS  [as XIPHOID + STERNUM]

xiphoid /ˈzifɔid/ adj. Biol.  sword-shaped 【生】剑状的，剑突的 [Greek xiphoeidēs from xiphos ‘sword’]

xiphoid process n.  the cartilaginous process at the lower end of the sternum 剑突(胸骨)

Xmas /ˈkrisməs, ˈeksməs/ n. colloq. [口]  = CHRISTMASn.  [abbreviation, with X for the initial chi of Greek Khristos ‘Christ’]

xoanon /ˈzəʊənɒn/ n. (pl. xoana /-nə/) Gk Antiq.  a primitive usu. wooden image of a deity often said to have fallen from heaven [古希腊] (认为系从天上降下的)原始(通常为木雕)神像 [Greek, from xeō ‘carve’]

X-rated adj. (usu. 通常作 attrib.)  1  indecent, pornographic 下流的；猥亵的；色情的  X-rated humour  下流幽默 2 hist.  relating to films given an X classification (see 见 X2) [史义] (电影的) X 级的(禁止儿童观看)

X-ray n. & v. (also 亦作 x-ray) ●n.  1 (in pl. 用复数)  electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength, able to pass through objects opaque to light X 射线， X 光，伦琴射线 2  an image made by the effect of X-rays on a photographic plate, esp. showing the position of bones etc. by their greater absorption of the rays X 光照片 ●v. tr.  photograph, examine, or treat with X-rays 用 X 光拍片； X 光检查； X 光治疗 [translation of German x-Strahlen (pl.) from Strahl ‘ray’, so called because when discovered in 1895 the nature of the rays was unknown]

X-ray astronomy n.  the branch of astronomy concerned with the observation of celestial objects by means of their X-ray emissions X 射线天文学

X-ray crystallography n.  the study of crystals and their structure by means of the diffraction of X-rays by the regularly spaced atoms of a crystalline material X 射线结晶学

X-ray tube n.  a device for generating X-rays by accelerating electrons to high energies and causing them to strike a metal target from which the X-rays are emitted X 射线管

xu /su:/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a monetary unit of Vietnam, equal to one-hundredth of a dong 苏(越南的辅币单位， 100 苏等于 1 盾) [Vietnamese from French sou]

xylem /ˈzailəm/ n. Bot.  woody tissue (cf. 参见 PHLOEM) 【植】木质部 [Greek xulon ‘wood’]

xylene /ˈzaili:n/ n. Chem.  each of three isomeric liquid hydrocarbons obtained by distilling wood, coal tar, etc. Chem. formula 化学分子式 : C6H4(CH3)2 【化】二甲苯 [formed as XYLEM + -ENE]

xylo- /ˈzailəʊ/ comb. form  wood [构词成分]木，木质 [Greek xulon ‘wood’]

xylocarp /ˈzailə(ʊ)kɑ:p/ n.  a hard woody fruit 硬木质果 □ xylocarpous  /-ˈkɑ:pəs/ adj.  

xylograph /ˈzailə(ʊ)ɡrɑ:f/ n.  a woodcut or wood engraving (esp. an early one) (尤指早期的)木刻或木版画

xylography /zaiˈlɒɡrəfi/ n.  1  the (esp. early or primitive) practice of making woodcuts or wood engravings (尤指早期的)木刻术或木版画印画法 2  the use of wood blocks in printing 木版印刷术

Xylonite /ˈzailənait/ n. propr.  a kind of celluloid [商标]赛罗耐特(一种赛璐珞的商标名) [formed irregularly from xyloidin (as XYLO-) + -ITE1]

xylophagous /zaiˈlɒfəɡəs/ adj. (of an insect or mollusc) eating, or boring into, wood (昆虫或软体动物)食木的；蚀木的；蛀木的

xylophone /ˈzailəfəʊn/ n.  a musical instrument of wooden or metal bars graduated in length and struck with a small wooden hammer or hammers 木琴 □ xylophonic  /-ˈfɒnik/ adj.  □ xylophonist  n.   [Greek xulon ‘wood’ + -PHONE]

xystus /ˈzistəs/ n. (pl. xysti /-tai/)  1  a covered portico used by athletes in ancient Greece for exercise (古希腊体育馆中供冬令运动用的)门廊，柱廊 2 Rom. Antiq.  a garden walk or terrace [古罗马] (花园中的)林木夹道 [Latin from Greek xustos ‘smooth’, from xuō ‘scrape’]

Y1 /wai/ n. (also 亦作 y) (pl. Ys or Y's)  1  the twenty-fifth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 25 个字母 2 (usu. 通常作 y) Algebra  the second unknown quantity 【代数】第二未知量 3 (usu. 通常作 y) Geom.  the second coordinate 【几】第二坐标；纵坐标 4  a  a Y-shaped thing, esp. an arrangement of lines, piping, roads, etc.Y 字形物(尤指线路、管道、道路等)b  a forked clamp or support 叉形夹具或支架

Y2 abbr. [缩略] (also 亦作 Y.)  1  yen  2 N. Amer. [北美]  = YMCA, YWCA 

Y3 symb. Chem.  the element yttrium [符]【化】(化学元素)钇

y- /i/ prefix archaic  forming past participles, collective nouns, etc. (yclept 名叫…的，称作…的) [古义]构成过去分词、集合名词等 [Old English ge-, from Germanic]

y. abbr. [缩略]  year(s) 

-y1 /i/ suffix forming adjectives 构成形容词 :  1  from nouns and adjectives, meaning 与名词和形容词结合，表示 :a  full of; having the quality of (messy 凌乱的；脏的 ; icy 冰冷的 ; horsy 马的；似马的) 充满…的；有…性质的b  addicted to (boozy 好喝酒的；酒量大的) 沉溺于；热爱 2  from verbs, meaning ‘inclined to’, ‘apt to’ (runny 水分过多的；太稀的 ; sticky 黏的) 与动词结合，表示“有…倾向的”；“易…的” [from or suggested by Old English -ig, from Germanic]

-y2 /i/ suffix (also 亦作 -ey, -ie)  forming diminutive nouns, pet names, etc. (granny 奶奶 ; Sally 萨莉 ; nightie 夜晚 ; Mickey 米基) 构成指小名词、昵称等 [Middle English (originally Scots)]

-y3 /i/ suffix forming nouns denoting 构成名词，表示 :  1  state, condition, or quality (courtesy 礼貌，客气 ; orthodoxy 规范性；正统性 ; modesty 适度；谦恭) 状态，情况，性质 2  an action or its result (colloquy 交谈；会谈 ; remedy 治疗法；补救法 ; subsidy 津贴，补贴) 行为或结果 [from or suggested by French -ie from Latin -ia, -ium, Greek -eia, -ia: cf. -ACY, -ERY, -GRAPHY, etc.]

yabby /ˈjæbi/ n. (also 亦作 yabbie) (pl. -ies) Austral. [澳]  1  a small freshwater crayfish, esp. of the genus Charax 淡水螯虾 2  = NIPPER 5  [Wemba-wemba yabij]

yacht /jɒt/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light sailing vessel, esp. equipped for racing (尤指为竞赛用的)轻帆船 2  a larger usu. power-driven vessel equipped for cruising 大型(通常为机动的)快艇；游艇 3  a light vessel for travel on sand or ice 沙滩帆船；冰上滑艇 ●v. intr.  race or cruise in a yacht 驾快艇(或帆船)比赛；驾(乘)快艇巡航；乘游艇游览 □ yachting  n.   [early modern Dutch jaghte from jaghtschip ‘fast pirate ship’, from jag(h)t ‘hunting’ (from jagen ‘to hunt’) + schip SHIP]

yacht club n.  a sailing club, esp. for yacht racing (尤指参加比赛的)游艇俱乐部，帆船俱乐部

yachtie /ˈjɒti/ n. colloq.  a yachtsman or yachtswoman [口]快艇(游艇或帆船)的主人；快艇(游艇或帆船)运动爱好者

yachtsman /ˈjɒtsmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. yachtswoman, pl. -women)  a person who sails yachts 驾驶快艇(或帆船)者

yack var.  of YAK2  YAK2 的变体

yacka (also 亦作 yacker) var.  of YAKKA YAKKA 的变体

yackety-yack var.  of YAK2  YAK2 的变体

yaffle /ˈjæf(ə)l/ n. dial.  the green woodpecker [方]绿啄木鸟 [imitative of its laughing cry]

Yagara /ˈjɑ:ɡərə/ n.  an Aboriginal language of the area around Brisbane, Australia, now extinct 澳大利亚布里斯班的土著语言，现已灭绝

Yagi antenna /ˈjɑ:ɡi/ n. (also 亦作 Yagi aerial)  a highly directional radio aerial made of several short rods mounted across an insulating support and transmitting or receiving a narrow band of frequencies 八木天线，波道式天线 [named after H. Yagi, Japanese engineer d. 1976]

yah /jɑ:/ int.  expressing derision or defiance (表示嘲笑、蔑视等)唷！ [imitative]

yahoo1 /ˈjɑ:hu:, jəˈhu:/ n.  a coarse person; a lout, a hooligan 粗人；笨人；流氓 [the name of an imaginary race of brutish creatures in Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726)]

yahoo2 /jɑ:ˈhu:, jæ-/ int.  an exclamation of excitement, exultation, etc. (激动、欢跃时发出的叫声)呀呼！ [a natural exclamation]

Yahweh /ˈjɑ:wei/ n. (also 亦作 Yahveh /-vei/)  the Hebrew name of God in the Old Testament 耶和华(《旧约全书》中希伯来语上帝的名字) [Hebrew YHVH with added vowels: see JEHOVAH]

Yahwist /ˈjɑ:wist/ n. (also 亦作 Yahvist /-vist/)  the postulated author or authors of parts of the Hexateuch in which God is regularly named Yahweh 《旧约全书》首 6 卷的推定的作者(在某些章节中以 Yahweh (耶和华)称呼上帝)

yak1 /jæk/ n.  a long-haired humped Tibetan ox, Bos grunniens (中国西藏)牦牛 [Tibetan gyag]

yak2 /jæk/ n. & v. (also 亦作 yack, yackety-yack /jækətiˈjæk/) colloq. often derog. [口] [常贬] ●n.  a trivial or unduly persistent conversation 喋喋不休，废话连篇 ●v. intr. (yakked, yakking) (often foll. by 常后跟 away, about)  engage in such conversation; chatter 说个没完没了，闲扯 [imitative]

yakitori /jækiˈtɔ:ri/ n.  a Japanese dish of skewered grilled chicken pieces 烤鸡肉串(一道日本菜) [Japanese, from yaki ‘grilling, toasting’ + tori ‘bird’]

yakka /ˈjækə/ n. (also 亦作 yacka, yacker) Austral. slang  work [澳] [俚语]工作，劳动 [Yindjibarndi (and other Aboriginal languages)]

Yale lock /jeil/ n. propr.  a type of lock for doors etc. with a cylindrical barrel turned by a flat key with a serrated edge [商标]耶尔锁(一种圆柱形销栓锁) [named after L. Yale, American locksmith, the inventor d. 1868]

y'all var.  of YOU-ALL  YOU-ALL 的变体

yam /jæm/ n.  1  a  any tropical or subtropical climbing plant of the genus Dioscorea 薯蓣属植物(热带或亚热带攀援植物)b  the edible starchy tuber of this 薯蓣的可食块茎，山药，马铃薯 2 N. Amer.  a sweet potato [北美]番薯，甘薯 [Portuguese inhame or Spanish iñame, probably of W. African origin]

yammer /ˈjæmə/ n. & v. colloq. or dial. [口] [方] ●n.  1  a lament, wail, or grumble 哀号，哭诉，怨言 2  voluble talk 废话，无意义的话 ●v. intr.  1  utter a yammer 哀声抱怨，哭诉 2  talk volubly 喋喋不休地说 □ yammerer  n.   [Old English geōmrian from geōmor ‘sorrowful’]

yandy /ˈjændi/ v. & n. Austral. [澳] ●v. tr. (-ies, -ied)  separate (grass seed) from refuse by special shaking (通过筛、摇)将(草籽)从废杂物中分出 ●n. (pl. -ies)  a shallow dish used for this 分草籽用的浅盘 [Aboriginal]

yang /jæŋ/ n. (in Chinese philosophy) the active male principle of the universe (cf. 参见 YIN) (中国哲学体系中的)阳 [Chinese, = sun, positive, male genitals]

Yangtze River /ˈjɑ:ŋˈtse/ n.  长江，扬子江

Yank /jæŋk/ n. Brit. colloq. often derog.  an inhabitant of the US; an American [英口] [常贬]美国人；美国佬 [abbreviation]

yank /jæŋk/ v. & n. colloq. [口] ●v. tr.  pull with a jerk 猛拉，使劲拉 ●n.  a sudden hard pull 突然的猛拉，使劲的一拉 [19th c.: origin unknown]

Yankee /ˈjæŋki/ n. colloq. [口]  1 often derog. [常贬]  = YANK  2 US  an inhabitant of New England or one of the northern states [美]新英格兰人；北方诸州的人，北方佬 3 hist.  a Federal soldier in the Civil War [史义] (美国南北战争时期)联邦军队的士兵 4  a type of bet on four or more horses to win (or be placed) in different races (赌 4 匹或 4 匹以上赛马的)扬基式赛马赌 5 (作 attrib.)  of or as of the Yankees 扬基式的；(似)美国佬的 [18th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps from Dutch Janke, diminutive of Jan ‘John’, attested (17th c.) as a nickname]

Yankee Doodle n.  1  an American tune and song regarded as a national air 扬基歌(美国独立战争时期流行的一首美国歌曲，被视为国歌) 2  = YANKEE 1, 2, 3 

yap /jæp/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (yapped, yapping)  1  bark shrilly or fussily 狂吠；大声叫 2 colloq.  talk noisily, foolishly, or complainingly [口]哇啦哇啦地瞎说或抱怨 ●n.  a sound of yapping (小狗的)叫声；哇啦哇啦的说话声 □ yapper  n.   [imitative]

yapok /ˈjæpɒk/ n.  a semiaquatic tropical American opossum, Chironectes minimus, with dark-banded grey fur Also called 亦称作 water opossum 蹼足负鼠(一种热带美洲半水生动物) [Oyapok, Oiapoque, the name of a N. Brazilian river]

yapp /jæp/ n. Brit.  a form of bookbinding with a limp leather cover projecting to fold over the edges of the leaves [英] (以软皮材料作为封面以保护书心的)卷边装订，护边装订 [named after William Yapp, a London bookseller c. 1860, for whom it was first made]

yappy /ˈjæpi/ adj. (-ier, -iest) (of a dog) inclined to yap (指狗)爱叫的

yarborough /ˈjɑ:b(ə)rə/ n.  a whist or bridge hand with no card above a 9 (桥牌)没有大于 9 点的一手牌 [named after the Earl of Yarborough (d. 1897), said to have betted against its occurrence]

yard1 /jɑ:d/ n.  1  a unit of linear measure equal to 3 feet (0.9144 metre) 码(长度单位，等于 3 英尺或 0.9144 米) 2  this length of material 1 码的材料  a yard and a half of cloth  1.5 码布料 3  a square or cubic yard esp. (in building) of sand etc. (建筑中尤指沙的)1 立方码 4  a cylindrical spar tapering to each end slung across a mast for a sail to hang from 桅横杆，帆桁 5 (in pl. 用复数 ; foll. by 后跟 of) colloq.  a great length [口]很长的长度  yards of spare wallpaper  一大截剩下的壁纸 □ by the yard   at great length 冗长地，没完没了地 [Old English gerd, from West Germanic]

yard2 /jɑ:d/ n. & v. ●n.  1 esp. Brit.  a piece of enclosed ground esp. attached to a building or used for a particular purpose [尤英] (尤指在建筑物附近或周围用于特殊目的的)围起的空地，院子 2 N. Amer.  the garden of a house [北美]庭院花园 ●v. tr.  put (cattle) into a stockyard 把(牛群)驱进圈栏 □ the Yard  Brit. colloq. [英口]  = SCOTLAND YARD  [Old English geard ‘enclosure, region’, from Germanic]

yardage /ˈjɑ:didʒ/ n.  1  a number of yards of material etc. 码数 2  a  the use of a stockyard etc. 牲畜栏等的使用b  payment for this 牲畜栏等的使用费

yardarm /ˈjɑ:dɑ:m/ n.  the outer extremity of a ship's yard 帆桁端

yardbird /ˈjɑ:dbɜ:d/ n. US slang [美] [俚语]  1  a new military recruit 新兵 2  a convict 囚犯，罪犯

Yardie /ˈjɑ:di/ n. slang  a member of a Jamaican or West Indian gang of criminals, esp. drug-traffickers [俚语]牙买加或西印度群岛犯罪团伙成员；(尤指)贩毒者 [Jamaican English, = ‘house, home’]

yardman /ˈjɑ:dmən/ n.  1  a person working in a railway yard or timber yard 铁路货场或储木场的工作人员 2 US  a gardener or a person who does various outdoor jobs [美]园丁，庭院打杂工人

yard of ale n. Brit. [英]  1  a deep slender beer glass, about a yard long and holding two to three pints (高约一码能容两到三品脱的)细长玻璃啤酒杯 2  the contents of this 此种啤酒杯的容量

yardstick /ˈjɑ:dstik/ n.  1  a standard used for comparison 衡量的标准；尺度 2  a measuring rod a yard long, usu. divided into inches etc. 码尺(通常分为英寸等)

yarmulke /ˈjɑ:mʊlkə/ n. (also 亦作 yarmulka)  a skullcap worn by Jewish men 亚莫克便帽(犹太男子戴的圆顶无边的小圆帽) [Yiddish]

yarn /jɑ:n/ n. & v. ●n.  1  spun thread, esp. for knitting, weaving, rope-making, etc. 纱线(尤用于针织、编织、编绳等) 2 colloq.  a long or rambling story or discourse [口]长故事；不着边际的奇谈 ●v. intr. colloq.  tell yarns [口]讲故事 [Old English gearn]

yarran /ˈjærən/ n.  any of several Australian acacias, esp. Acacia omalophylla, a small tree with scented wood used for fencing, fuel, etc. 平展叶金合欢 [Kamilaroi (and related languages) yarraan]

yarrow /ˈjærəʊ/ n.  any perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Achillea (daisy family), esp. milfoil Cf. 参见 ACHILLEA 欧蓍草(草木植物，属雏菊科) [Old English gearwe, of unknown origin]

yashmak /ˈjæʃmæk/ n.  a veil concealing the face except the eyes, worn by some Muslim women when in public (某些穆斯林妇女在公众场合戴的仅露出双眼的)面纱 [Arabic yašmak, Turkish yasmak]

yataghan /ˈjætəɡæn/ n.  a sword without a guard and often with a double-curved blade, used in Muslim countries 无护手盘的(穆斯林)双刃弯刀 [Turkish yɑˉtɑˉɡˇan]

yatter /ˈjætə/ v. & n. colloq.  chatter, gossip [口]闲聊，瞎扯 [imitative, perhaps after YAMMER + CHATTER; cf. YAP, NATTER]

yaw /jɔ:/ v. & n. ●v. intr. (of a ship or aircraft etc.) fail to hold a straight course; go unsteadily, esp. turning from side to side (指船或飞行器等)偏航(尤指一会儿偏左一会儿偏右地) ●n.  the yawing of a ship etc. from its course (船等)偏航，偏出航线 [16th c.: origin unknown]

yawl /jɔ:l/ n.  1  a two-masted fore-and-aft sailing boat with the mizzen-mast stepped far aft (前桅高后桅低的)二桅帆船 2  a small kind of fishing boat 小型渔船 3 hist.  a ship's jolly boat with four or six oars [史义]舰载的带有 4 桨或 6 桨的小船 [Middle Low German jolle or Dutch jol, of unknown origin: perhaps related to JOLLY2]

yawn /jɔ:n/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr. (as a reflex) open the mouth wide and inhale esp. when sleepy or bored (尤指困倦或无聊时)打哈欠(一种反射作用) 2 intr. (of a chasm etc.) gape, be wide open (指深坑、裂口等)张开；裂开 3 tr.  utter or say with a yawn 打着哈欠说 ●n.  1  an act of yawning 哈欠 2 colloq.  a boring or tedious idea, activity, etc. [口]乏味的或枯燥的主意(或活动等) □ yawner  n.  □ yawningly  adv.   [Old English ginian, geonian]

yawp /jɔ:p/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a harsh or hoarse cry 粗鲁(或嘶哑的)喊叫声 2 US  foolish talk [美]蠢话 ●v. intr.  1  utter a yawp 声嘶力竭地叫嚷 2 US  talk foolishly [美]说蠢话 □ yawper  n.   [Middle English (imitative)]

yaws /jɔ:z/ n. pl. (usu. treated as sing. 通常看作单数)  a contagious tropical skin disease with large red swellings, caused by spirochaete bacteria 雅司病(一种感染螺旋体而发生的皮肤病，主要流行于热带地区，又称热带莓疱) [17th c.: probably via Carib yaya from a S. American Indian language]

y-axis n.  the vertical axis in a set of rectangular coordinates, a graph, etc.y 轴，纵坐标轴轴

Yb symb. Chem.  the element ytterbium [符]【化】(化学元素)镱

Y chromosome n.  a sex chromosome occurring only in male cells, in humans and other mammals Y 染色体(性染色体的一种，只存在于雄性人体和其他哺乳动物的细胞中) [Y (as an arbitrary label) + CHROMOSOME]

yclept /iˈklept/ adj. archaic or joc.  called (by the name of) [古义] [诙]名叫…的；称作…的 [Old English gecleopod, past part. of cleopian ‘call’, from Germanic]

yd abbr. [缩略]  yard (measure) 

yds abbr. [缩略]  yards (measure) 

ye1 /ji:/ pron. archaic [古义] pl.  of THOU1  □ ye gods!  joc.  an exclamation of astonishment [诙] (惊呼)天呀！  [Old English ge, from Germanic]

ye2 /ji:/ det. pseudo-archaic [仿古]  = THE ye olde tea-shoppe  老茶庄  [variant spelling from the y-shaped letter THORN (representing th) in the 14th c.]

yea /jei/ adv. & n. archaic or formal [古义] [正式] ●adv.  1  yes 是 2  indeed, nay 的确；不止于此，而且  ready, yea eager  情愿，而且还很迫切 ●n.  the word ‘yea’ 是，肯定 □ yea and nay   shilly-shally 犹豫不决，动摇不定 [Old English gea, ge, from Germanic]

yeah /jɛə, je/ adv. colloq.  yes [口]是 □ oh yeah?   expressing incredulity (表示怀疑)噢，是吗？ [casual pronunciation of YES]

yean /ji:n/ v. tr. & intr. archaic  bring forth (a lamb or kid) [古义]产羊羔或小山羊 [perhaps from an Old English verb meaning ‘pregnant’, from Y-, ēanian ‘to lamb’]

yeanling /ˈji:nliŋ/ n. archaic  a young lamb or kid [古义]小羊羔或小山羊

year /jiə, jɜ:/ n.  1 (also 亦作 astronomical year, equinoctial year, natural year, solar year, tropical year)  the time occupied by the earth in one revolution round the sun, 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds in length (cf. 参见 SIDEREAL YEAR) (天文)年(地球围绕太阳转一周的时间，即 365 天 5 小时 48 分 46 秒) 2 (also 亦作 calendar year, civil year)  the period of 365 days (common year) or 366 days (see 见 LEAP YEAR) from 1 Jan. to 31 Dec., used for reckoning time in ordinary affairs 历年(从 1 月 1 日到 12 月 31 日期间，平年为 365 天，闰年为 366 天) 3  a  a period of the same length as this starting at any point 一年(像历年一样长的期间)  four years ago  4 年前b  such a period in terms of a particular activity etc. occupying its duration (指某一活动持续的)一年期间，年度  school year  学年 tax year  课税年度 4 (in pl. 用复数)  age or time of life 年纪，年龄  young for his years  看起来比他的岁数年轻 5 (usu. in pl. 通常用复数) colloq.  a very long time [口]很久  it took years to get served  过了很久才得到接待 6  a group of students entering college etc. in the same academic year 年级 □ in the year of Our Lord  (foll. by the year 后跟年份)  in a specified year AD 在公元…年□ of the year   chosen as outstanding in a particular year 年度最杰出的(人或事)  sportsman of the year  年度最佳运动员□ a year and a day   the period specified in some legal matters to ensure the completion of a full year 一年零一日的期限(法律规定某些事情终止的期限)□ the year dot   see 见 DOT1 □ year in, year out   continually over a period of years 年复一年，一年又一年 [Old English gē(a)r, from Germanic]

yearbook /ˈjiəbʊk, ˈjɜ:-/ n.  an annual publication dealing with events or aspects of the (usu. preceding) year 年鉴，年刊

year-end n.  the end of esp. the financial year 年终，岁末，年底(尤指财政年度) often 常作 attrib.: year-end profits  年终利润

yearling /ˈjiəliŋ, ˈjɜ:-/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  an animal between one and two years old 一岁崽(出生后第 2 年间的小动物) 2  a racehorse in the calendar year after the year of foaling 一岁的赛马(出生后第 2 年初到年末的中马) ●adj.  1  a year old; having existed or been such for a year 一岁的，历时一年的  a yearling heifer  一岁的小母牛 2  intended to terminate after one year 一年期满的  yearling bonds  一年期债券

year-long adj.  lasting a year or the whole year 持续一年的，整整一年的

yearly /ˈjiəli, ˈjɜ:-/ adj. & adv. ●adj.  1  done, produced, or occurring once a year 每年的；一年一次的 2  of or lasting a year 一年的，持续一年的 ●adv.  once a year; from year to year 每年一次；每年 [Old English gēarlic, -lice (as YEAR)]

yearn /jɜ:n/ v. intr.  1 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 for, after, or to + infin.)  have a strong emotional longing 渴望，切盼 2 (usu. foll. by 通常后跟 to, towards)  be filled with compassion or tenderness 同情，怜悯 □ yearner  n.  □ yearning  n. & adj.  □ yearningly  adv.   [Old English giernan, from a Germanic root meaning ‘eager’]

year of grace n.  the year AD 公元年，耶稣纪元年

year-round adj.  existing etc. throughout the year 整年的，一年到头的

years of discretion  see 见 DISCRETION 

yeas and nays n. pl.  affirmative and negative votes 赞成票和反对票

yeast /ji:st/ n.  1  a greyish-yellow fungous substance obtained esp. from fermenting malt liquors and used as a fermenting agent, to raise bread, etc. 酵母，发酵粉 2  any of various unicellular fungi in which vegetative reproduction takes place by budding or fission 酵母(菌) □ yeastless  adj.  □ yeastlike  adj.   [Old English gist, giest (unrecorded): corresponding to Middle Dutch ghist, Middle High German jist, Old Norse jöstr]

yeasty /ˈji:sti/ adj. (yeastier, yeastiest)  1  frothy or tasting like yeast 起泡沫的；似酵母味的 2  in a ferment 骚动的；兴奋的 3  working like yeast 起激励作用的 4 (of talk etc.) light and superficial (指谈话)浮浅的；浅薄的 □ yeastily  adv.  □ yeastiness  n.  

yegg /jeɡ/ n. US slang  a travelling burglar or safe-breaker [美] [俚语]夜盗或撬窃保险箱的盗贼 [20th c.: perhaps a surname]

yell /jel/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a loud sharp cry of pain, anger, fright, encouragement, delight, etc. (因疼痛、气愤、害怕、鼓励、高兴等而)大叫，号叫 2  a shout 呼喊，大叫 3 US  an organized shout, used esp. to support a sports team [美] (齐声)呐喊，欢呼(尤为运动队喊加油等) 4 Brit. slang  an amusing person or thing [英] [俚语]有趣的人或事物 ●v. intr. & tr.  make or utter with a yell 叫嚷，叫喊着说 [Old English g(i)ellan, from Germanic]

yellow /ˈjeləʊ/ adj., n. & v. ●adj.  1  of the colour between green and orange in the spectrum, of buttercups, lemons, egg yolks, or gold 黄(色)的，蛋黄色，金黄色 2  of the duller colour of faded leaves, ripe wheat, old paper, etc. (树叶、成熟的麦子、旧的纸张)变黄的，发黄的 3  having a yellow skin or complexion 黄色人种的；黄皮肤的 4 colloq.  cowardly [口]胆小的 5 (of looks, feelings, etc.) jealous, envious, or suspicious (指表情、感情等)忌妒的；羡慕的；猜疑的 6 (of newspapers etc.) unscrupulously sensational (指报刊等)低级趣味的；耸人听闻的 ●n.  1  a yellow colour or pigment 黄色；黄颜料 2  yellow clothes or material 黄色的衣服或料子  dressed in yellow  穿着黄衣服 3  a  a yellow ball, piece, etc., in a game or sport (游戏或比赛中)黄球，黄棋子等b  the player using such pieces 用黄(球、子)的一方 4 (usu. in comb. 通常用于复合词)  a yellow moth or butterfly 黄蛾或黄蝴蝶 5 (in pl. 用复数)  a  jaundice of horses etc. (马等的)黄疸病b US  a peach disease with yellowed leaves [美]桃树的黄化病 ●v. tr. & intr.  make or become yellow (使)变黄，发黄 □ yellowish  adj.  □ yellowly  adv.  □ yellowness  n.  □ yellowy  adj.   [Old English geolu, geolo from West Germanic: related to GOLD]

yellow archangel n.  a Eurasian yellow-flowered nettle, Lamistrum galeobdolon (开黄花的)欧亚荨麻

yellow arsenic n.  = ORPIMENT 1 

yellowback /ˈjelə(ʊ)bæk/ n. hist.  a cheap novel etc. in a yellow cover [史义]黄封面廉价小说等

yellow-belly n.  1 colloq.  a coward [口]胆小鬼，懦夫 2  any of various animals with yellow underparts 黄腹动物 □ yellow-bellied  adj.  

yellow bile n. hist.  bile as one of the four bodily humours, characterized as hot and dry, and associated with a peevish or irascible temperament (cf. 参见 HUMOUR n. 5) Also called 亦称作 choler [史义]黄胆汁(古代生理学 4 种体液之一，特点是干热，相联系的性情是暴躁易怒)

yellowcake /ˈjelə(ʊ)keik/ n.  impure uranium oxide obtained during processing of uranium ore 黄饼(铀矿石加工过程中获取的不纯净的铀氧化物)

yellow card n. Football  a card shown by the referee to a player being cautioned 【足球】黄牌(由裁判员出示，用以对运动员提出警告)

yellow fever n.  a tropical virus disease with fever and jaundice, transmitted by the mosquito and often fatal 黄热病(一种由蚊子传播的病毒引起的热带疾病，病人发烧和出现黄疸，常致命)

yellowfin /ˈjelə(ʊ)fin/ n.  any of various fishes with yellowish fins, esp. (in full 全称 yellowfin tuna) a tuna, Thunnus albacares, of warm seas, fished extensively for food 黄鳍金枪鱼

yellow flag n.  1  a flag displayed by a ship in quarantine 黄旗，检疫旗(受隔离检疫的轮船所挂的黄色旗子) 2  a yellow-flowered iris, Iris pseudacorus, with slender sword-shaped leaves 黄菖蒲

yellowhammer /ˈjelə(ʊ)hæmə/ n.  a bunting, Emberiza citrinella, of which the male has a yellow head, neck, and breast 黄鹀 [16th c.: origin of hammer uncertain]

yellow jack n.  1  = YELLOW FEVER  2  = YELLOW FLAG 1 

yellow jersey n.  a jersey worn by the overall leader in a cycling race at the end of a day, and presented to the final winner (由每日领先的选手穿着并授予自行车赛获胜者的)黄色领骑衫

yellowlegs /ˈjelə(ʊ)leɡz/ n.  either of two migratory sandpipers with yellow legs, Tringa flavipes and T. melanoleuca 黄脚鹬

yellow line n. (in the UK) a line painted along the side of the road in yellow either singly or in pairs to denote parking restrictions (英国)黄色标线(沿路边划出的黄色单线或双线，表示停车限制)

yellow metal n.  brass of 60 parts copper and 40 parts zinc 黄铜(由约 6 成铜 4 成锌组成的铜锌合金)

Yellow Pages n. pl. propr.  a section of a telephone directory on yellow paper and listing business subscribers according to the goods or services they offer [商标]黄页(电话号码簿中按企业生产的商品和提供的服务划分、排列的部分)

yellow pepper n.  = RED PEPPER 

yellow peril n. (prec. by 前接 the) offens.  the political or military threat regarded as emanating from Asian peoples, esp. the Chinese [冒犯]黄祸(指被视为源自亚洲人，特别是中国人在政治或军事上的所谓威胁)

yellow rattle n.  a yellow-flowered plant, Rhinanthus minor, which is partly parasitic 鼻花

Yellow River n.  黄河

yellow rocket n.  winter cress 山芥

Yellow Sea n.  黄海

yellow spot n.  the point of acutest vision in the retina (视网膜的)黄斑

yellow streak n. colloq.  a trait of cowardice [口] (生性)胆怯，懦弱

yelp /jelp/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp shrill cry of or as of a dog in pain or excitement (因痛楚或兴奋而发出的)尖叫声，嗥叫声 ●v. intr.  utter a yelp 发尖叫声，狺吠 □ yelper  n.   [Old English gielp(an) ‘boast’ (imitative)]

Yemen   也门

Yemeni /ˈjeməni/ n. & adj. ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Yemen, a country in southern Arabia 也门(南阿拉伯半岛的一个国家)人 ●adj.  of or relating to Yemen or its people 也门的；也门人的 [Arabic yamanī: see -I2]

Yemenite /ˈjemənait/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  = YEMENI  2  a Jew who was, or whose ancestors were, formerly resident in Yemen (先前居住在也门，或祖先在也门的)犹太人 ●adj.  of, relating to, or designating a Yemeni Arab or a Yemeni Jew 阿拉伯也门的；也门犹太人的 [from Arabic yamanī (see YEMENI) + -ITE1]

yen1 /jen/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the chief monetary unit of Japan 日元(日本的主要货币单位) [Japanese en ‘round’]

yen2 /jen/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  a longing or yearning 渴望，热望 ●v. intr. (yenned, yenning)  feel a longing 渴望，热望 [Chinese yɑˇn]

yeoman /ˈjəʊmən/ n. (pl. -men)  1 esp. hist.  a man holding and cultivating a small landed estate [尤史义]自耕农 2 hist.  a person qualified by possessing free land of an annual value of 40 shillings to serve on juries, vote for the knight of the shire, etc. [史义] (因占有每年为 40 先令价值的无主土地而)有资格在陪审团任职及选举郡骑士的人 3 Brit.  a member of the yeomanry force [英]义勇骑兵队的成员 4 hist.  a servant in a royal or noble household [史义] (王室或贵族的)侍从 5 (in full 全称 yeoman of signals)  a petty officer in the Navy, concerned with visual signalling 海军中的军士(作信号员) 6 US  a petty officer performing clerical duties on board ship [美]舰艇上做文书工作的士官 □ yeomanly  adj.   [Middle English yoman, yeman, etc., probably from YOUNG + MAN]

Yeoman of the Guard n. (pl. Yeomen of the Guard)  1  a member of the British sovereign's bodyguard (英国王室的)卫士 2 (loosely) a Yeoman Warder (广义的)守卫，看守

yeomanry /ˈjəʊmənri/ n. (pl. -ies)  1  a body of yeomen 自由民 2 Brit. hist.  a volunteer cavalry force raised from the yeoman class (1794 － 1908) [英史义]义勇骑兵队 (1794 至 1908)

yeoman service n. (also 亦作 yeoman's service)  efficient or useful help in need (需要时)高效的或有用的帮助

Yeoman Usher n. (pl. Yeoman Ushers) Brit.  the deputy of Black Rod [英] (引导上议院议员入席的)助理侍卫

Yeoman Warder n. (pl. Yeoman Warders)  a warder at the Tower of London, a ‘beefeater’ 伦敦塔看守

yep /jep/ adv. & n. (also 亦作 yup /jʌp/) US colloq. [美口]  = YES  [corruption]

-yer /jə/ suffix var.  of -IER esp. after w (bowyer 弓匠；弓商 ; lawyer 律师) -IER 的变体，尤用于 w 的后面

yerba maté /ˈjɜ:bə ˈmætei/ n.  = MATÉ  [Spanish, = herb maté]

yes /jes/ int. & n. ●int.  1  equivalent to an affirmative sentence: the answer to your question is affirmative, it is as you say or as I have said, the statement etc. made is correct, the request or command will be complied with, the negative statement etc. made is not correct. (用以表示肯定的回答)是，是的 2 (in answer to a summons or address) an acknowledgement of one's presence (用以应答召唤，或招呼等，表示在场)是！到！ ●n.  1  an utterance of the word yes 是，是的 2  an affirmation or assent 同意，赞成 3  a vote in favour of a proposition 赞成票 □ yes?   1  indeed? is that so? 果真如此？是那样吗？ 2  what do you want? 你想怎样？□ yes, and   a form for introducing a stronger phrase (加强后随语气的一种形式)而且，甚至还  he came home drunk - yes, and was sick  他回到家，醉醺醺的，而且还病了□ yes and no   that is partly true and partly untrue 也是也不是；说不定 [Old English gēse, gīse, probably from gīa sīe ‘may it be’ (gīa is unrecorded)]

yes-man n. (pl. -men) colloq.  a weakly acquiescent person, an obsequious subordinate [口英]义唯诺诺的人，对上司惟命是从的人

yester- /ˈjestə/ comb. form poet. or archaic  of yesterday; that is the last past (yestereve 昨晚) [构词成分] [诗] [古义]昨天的，最近的 [Old English geostran]

yesterday /ˈjestədei, -di/ adv. & n. ●adv.  1  on the day before today 在昨天，在昨日 2  in the recent past 日前，前不久 3 colloq.  extremely urgently; immediately [口]非常急切地；立即  they want delivery yesterday!  他们要立即交货！ ●n.  1  the day before today 昨天，昨日 2  the recent past 前不久 □ yesterday morning (or afternoon etc.)   in the morning (or afternoon etc.) of yesterday 在昨天上午(或下午等) [Old English giestran dœg (as YESTER-, DAY)]

yesteryear /ˈjestəjiə, -jɜ:/ n. literary [文学用语]  1  last year 去年 2  the recent past 近年来，过去不久

yet /jet/ adv. & conj. ●adv.  1  as late as now (or then), until now (or then) 到这时(或当时)；直至现在(或当时)；尚，还  there is yet time  还有时间 your best work yet  到现在为止你最好作品 2 (with neg. or interrog. 用于否定句或疑问句)  so soon as now (or then), by now (or then) 现在(或当时)还，到现在(或当时)  it is not time yet  还不到时候 have you finished yet?  你已完成了吗？ 3  again; in addition 再；此外还  more and yet more  愈来愈多，更… 4  in the remaining time available; before all is over 终将，迟早  I will do it yet  我迟早要做的 5 (foll. by 后跟 compar.)  even 甚至，更  a yet more difficult task  一个更困难的任务 6  nevertheless; and in spite of that; but for all that 尽管，虽然，不顾  it is strange, and yet it is true  虽然很奇怪，但是这是真的 ●conj.  but at the same time; but nevertheless 但同时；然而；但是  I won, yet what good has it done?  我赢了，然而这又有什么用呢？ □ nor yet   and also not 也不；还没有  won't listen to me nor yet to you  不听我的，也不听你的 [Old English gīet(a), = Old Frisian iēta, of unknown origin]

yeti /ˈjeti/ n.  = ABOMINABLE SNOWMAN  [Tibetan]

yew /ju:/ n.  1 (also 亦作 yew tree)  any dark-leaved evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Taxus, having seeds enclosed in a fleshy red aril, and often planted in churchyards 紫杉 2  its wood, used formerly as a material for bows and still in cabinetmaking 紫杉木材(以前用于制弓，现仍用于制家具) [Old English īw, ēow, from Germanic]

Y-fronts /ˈwaifrʌnts/ n. Brit. propr.  men's or boys' briefs with a Y-shaped seam at the front [英] [商标] (前部缝迹呈 Y 形的)男式三角裤，男式紧身裤

Yggdrasil /ˈiɡdrəsil/ n. (in Scandinavian mythology) an ash tree whose roots and branches join heaven, earth, and hell (北欧神话中的)乾坤(白蜡)树(其根和枝干接连天上、人间和地狱，象征宇宙间一切有生命物) [Old Norse yg(g)drasill, from Yggr ‘Odin’ + drasill ‘horse’]

YHA abbr. (in the UK) Youth Hostels Association [缩略] (英国)青年招待所协会

Yid /jid/ n. slang offens.  a Jew [俚语] [冒犯]犹太人 [back-formation from YIDDISH]

Yiddish /ˈjidiʃ/ n. & adj. ●n.  a vernacular used by Jews in or from central and eastern Europe, originally a German dialect with words from Hebrew and several modern languages 依地语，意第绪语(中东欧的犹太人使用的一种土语，源于德国方言，并借用希伯来语和几种现代语言的词语) ●adj.  of or relating to this language 依地语的 [German jüdisch ‘Jewish’]

Yiddisher /ˈjidiʃə/ n. & adj. ●n.  a person speaking Yiddish 讲依地语的人 ●adj.  Yiddish-speaking 讲依地语的

Yiddishism /ˈjidiʃiz(ə)m/ n.  1  a Yiddish word, idiom, etc., esp. one adopted into another language 依地语的特有用词或习惯用语(尤指被其他语言采用的) 2  advocacy of Yiddish culture 提倡依地文化的主张

yield /ji:ld/ v. & n. ●v.  1 tr. (also absol. [亦含宾])  produce or return as a fruit, profit, or result 出产，产，出(果实、利润或结果)  the land yields crops  这块土地出产农作物 the land yields poorly  这块土地产量低 the investment yields 15%  投资获得 15% 的利润 2 tr.  give up; surrender, concede; comply with a demand for 放弃；投降；让步；听从  yielded the fortress  放弃要塞 yielded themselves prisoners  他们束手就擒 3 intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 to)  a  surrender; make submission 投降；屈服；服从b  give consent or change one's course of action in deference to; respond as required to 应允，答应  yielded to persuasion  听从劝告 4 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  be inferior or confess inferiority to (承认)不如  I yield to none in understanding the problem  在对这个问题的理解上我决不比任何人差 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  give right of way to other traffic 让路给有先行权的车辆 6 intr. US  allow another the right to speak in a debate etc. [美] (在辩论等中)让发言权 ●n.  an amount yielded or produced; an output or return 生产(或出产的)量，产量 □ yielder  n.  屈服者；生产者；获益者 [Old English g(i)eldan ‘pay’, from Germanic]

yielding /ˈji:ldiŋ/ adj.  1  compliant, submissive 顺从的，服从的 2 (of a substance) able to bend; soft and pliable, not stiff or rigid (指某种物质)能弯曲的；柔软的；不僵硬的；刚性差的 □ yieldingly  adv.  □ yieldingness  n.  

yield point n. Physics  the stress beyond which a material becomes plastic 【物理学】屈服点(超过此点材料即发生塑性形变的应力)

yikes /jaiks/ int. slang  an expression of surprise and sudden apprehension [俚语] (表示惊讶和突然明白了)呀！噢！  [origin unknown: cf. YOICKS]

yin /jin/ n. (in Chinese philosophy) the passive female principle of the universe (cf. 参见 YANG) (中国哲学体系中的)阴 [Chinese yīn ‘shade, feminine, the moon’]

Yindjibarndi /jindʒiˈbʌndi/ n.  an Aboriginal language of W. Australia 印吉班迪语(西澳大利亚的一种土著语)

yip /jip/ v. & n. US [美] ●v. intr. (yipped, yipping)  = YELPv.  ●n.  = YELPn.  [imitative]

yippee /ˈjipi:, jiˈpi:/ int.  expressing delight or excitement (表示愉快或兴奋)好哇！妙！  [a natural exclamation]

yips /jips/ n. pl. (usu. prec. by 通常前接 the) colloq.  extreme nervousness, esp. causing a golfer to miss an easy putt [口] (尤指打高尔夫球时造成击球人未能把球轻击入穴的)紧张状态 [20th c.: origin unknown]

-yl /ail, il/ suffix Chem.  forming nouns denoting a radical (ethyl 乙基 ; hydroxyl 羟基 ; phenyl 苯基) 【化】构成名词，表示“基”，“根”

ylang-ylang /i:læŋˈi:læŋ/ n. (also 亦作 ilang-ilang)  1  a Malayan tree, Cananga odorata, from the fragrant yellow flowers of which a perfume is distilled 依兰(一种产于马来群岛的树，从其黄花中可提取香精油) 2  the perfume itself 依兰香精油 [Tagalog ɑˊlang-ilang]

YMCA abbr.  Young Men's Christian Association [缩略]基督教青年会

-yne /ain/ suffix Chem.  forming names of unsaturated compounds containing a triple bond (ethyne = acetylene 乙炔) 【化】构成名词，表示“炔”

yo /jəʊ/ int. slang  calling attention, expressing encouragement or excitement, or as a greeting [俚语]唷！ (表示唤起注意、鼓励、兴奋或打招呼)

yob /jɒb/ n. Brit. colloq.  a lout or hooligan [英口]粗俗的人；不良少年 □ yobbish  adj.  □ yobbishly  adv.  □ yobbishness  n.   [back slang for BOY]

yobbo /ˈjɒbəʊ/ n. (pl. -os or -oes) Brit. colloq. [英口]  = YOB 

yocto- /ˈjɒktəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 10-24 [构词成分]表示 10-24 [adapted from OCTO-, on the pattern of peta-, exa-, etc.]

yod /jɒd/ n.  1  the tenth and smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet 希伯来语字母表中的第 10 个字母 2  its semivowel sound /j/ 半元音发音 /j/ [Hebrew yōd from yad ‘hand’]

yodel /ˈjəʊd(ə)l/ v. & n. ●v. tr. & intr. (yodelled, yodelling; US [美] yodeled, yodeling)  sing with melodious inarticulate sounds and frequent changes between falsetto and the normal voice in the manner of the Swiss mountain-dwellers 用岳得尔调唱(歌) (瑞士山区的人吟唱的方式，发音含混，真假嗓音反复变换) ●n.  a yodelling cry 岳得尔调的叫喊 □ yodeller  n.   [German jodeln]

yoga /ˈjəʊɡə/ n.  1  a Hindu system of philosophic meditation and asceticism designed to effect reunion with the universal spirit 瑜伽(古印度哲学的一派，实行默坐苦修，以求灵魂与宇宙之灵合一) 2  = HATHA YOGA  □ yogic  /ˈjəʊɡik/ adj.   [Hindustani from Sanskrit, = union]

yogh /jɒɡ/ n.  a Middle English letter (ʒ) used for certain values of g and y 中世纪英语中的 ʒ 字母，表示软腭音及腭音摩擦音 g 和 y 的某些音值 [Middle English]

yogi /ˈjəʊɡi/ n. (pl. yogis)  a person proficient in yoga 精通瑜伽术的人 □ yogism  n.   [Hindustani from YOGA]

yogurt /ˈjɒɡət/ n. (also 亦作 yoghurt)  a semi-solid sourish food prepared from milk fermented by added bacteria 酸乳，酸奶 [Turkish yoɡˇurt]

yo-heave-ho /jəʊhi:vˈhəʊ/ int. & n.  = HEAVE-HO 

yo-ho /jəʊˈhəʊ/ int. (also 亦作 yo-ho-ho /jəʊhəʊˈhəʊ/)  1  used to attract attention 唷嗬！ (用以引起注意) 2  = YO-HEAVE-HO  [from YO + HO]

yoicks /jɔiks/ int. (also 亦作 hoicks /hɔiks/)  a cry used by fox-hunters to urge on the hounds 唷克斯！ (猎狐时催促猎犬的叫喊声) [18th c.: origin unknown: cf. hyke, a call to hounds, HEY1]

yoke /jəʊk/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a wooden crosspiece fastened over the necks of two oxen etc. and attached to the plough or wagon to be drawn 轭，牛轭 2 (pl. same 单复同 or yokes)  a pair (of oxen etc.) 一对(共轭的牛等) 3  an object like a yoke in form or function, e.g. a wooden shoulder-piece for carrying a pair of pails, the top section of a dress or skirt etc. from which the rest hangs 轭状的或起轭作用的物体(如轭状扁担、女服的抵肩、裙腰等) 4  sway, dominion, or servitude, esp. when oppressive (尤指压制性的)支配，统治，奴役 5  a bond of union, esp. that of marriage 联结(尤指联姻) 6 Rom. Hist.  an uplifted yoke, or an arch of three spears symbolizing it, under which a defeated army was made to march [罗马]【史】(高举轭架或象征轭架的成拱状的 3 枝矛，失败者在其下通过以示屈服)轭门 7 archaic  the amount of land that one yoke of oxen could plough in a day [古义]共轭的牛一日所能耕的土地 8  a crossbar on which a bell swings 吊钟的横木 9  the crossbar of a rudder to whose ends ropes are fastened 横舵柄 10  a bar of soft iron between the poles of an electromagnet 磁轭，轭铁 ●v.  1 tr.  put a yoke on 给…套上轭 2 tr.  couple or unite (a pair) 使结合或联合(成一对)，使匹配 3 tr. (foll. by 后跟 to)  link (one thing) to (another) 把(一事物)同(另一事物)连接起来 4 intr.  match; work together 匹配；共事，一起干 [Old English geoc, from Germanic]

yokel /ˈjəʊk(ə)l/ n.  a rustic; a country bumpkin 乡巴佬，土包子 [perhaps from dialect yokel ‘green woodpecker’]

Yokohama /ˌjəukəˈhɑ:mə/ n.  横滨 [日本港市]

yolk1 /jəʊk/ n.  1  the yellow inner part of an egg, rich in fat and protein, that nourishes the young before it hatches 蛋黄，卵黄 2 Biol.  the corresponding part of any animal ovum 【生】(胚囊内的)胚乳 □ yolked  adj. (also in comb. 亦用于复合词)  □ yolkless  adj.  □ yolky  adj.   [Old English geol(o)ca from geolu YELLOW]

yolk2 /jəʊk/ n.  = SUINT  [Old English, back-formation from eowucig ‘full of natural grease’, ultimately from ēuwu EWE]

yolk-bag n. (also 亦作 yolk-sac)  a membrane enclosing the yolk of an egg 卵黄囊

Yom Kippur /jɒm ˈkipə, kiˈpʊə/ n.  = DAY OF ATONEMENT  [Hebrew]

yomp /jɒmp/ v. intr. Brit. slang  march with heavy equipment over difficult terrain [英] [俚语] (负重)吃力地行走 [20th c.: origin unknown]

yon /jɒn/ adj., adv. & pron. literary & dial. [文学用语] [方] ●adj. & adv.  yonder (在)那边的；(在)远处的；远处；那边 ●pron.  yonder person or thing 那边(或远处)的人(或事物) [Old English geon]

yonder /ˈjɒndə/ adv. & det. ●adv.  over there; at some distance in that direction; in the place indicated by pointing etc. 在那边；在远处 ●det.  situated yonder 位于那边，处于那边 [Middle English: corresponding to Old Saxon gendra, Gothic jaindrē]

yoni /ˈjəʊni/ n.  a symbol of the female genitals venerated by Hindus etc. (象征女性生殖力而受印度教徒等崇拜的)女阴像 [Sanskrit, = source, womb, female genitals]

yonks /jɒŋks/ n. pl. Brit. slang  a long time [英] [俚语]很长一段时间，很久  haven't seen them for yonks  很久没见到他们了 [20th c.: origin unknown]

yoo-hoo /ˈju:hu:, ju:ˈhu:/ int.  used to attract a person's attention (用以引起某人的注意)喂！  [a natural exclamation]

yore /jɔ:/ n. literary [文学用语]   □ of yore   formerly; in or of old days 昔日，往昔 [Old English geɑˉra, geɑˉre, etc., adv. forms of uncertain origin]

yorker /ˈjɔ:kə/ n. Cricket  a ball bowled so that it pitches immediately under the bat 【板球】(投手投出后正好落在击球员面前的)贴板球 □ york  v. tr.   [probably from York, as having been introduced by Yorkshire players]

Yorkist /ˈjɔ:kist/ n. & adj. ●n. hist.  an adherent or a supporter of the House of York, esp. in the Wars of the Roses (cf. 参见 LANCASTRIAN 2) [史义] (尤指在玫瑰战争中)约克王朝的支持者 ●adj.  of or concerning the House of York 约克王朝的

Yorks. abbr.  Yorkshire [缩略] (英)约克郡

Yorkshire fog /ˈjɔ:kʃə/ n.  a fodder grass, Holcus lanatus 约克郡绒毛草(一种牧草) [FOG2]

Yorkshireman /ˈjɔ:kʃəmən/ n. (pl. -men; fem. Yorkshirewoman, pl. -women)  a native of Yorkshire in northern England (北英格兰)约克郡人

Yorkshire pudding /ˈjɔ:kʃə/ n.  a baked batter pudding usu. eaten with roast beef 约克郡布丁(常与烤牛排同食) [Yorkshire in northern England]

Yorkshire terrier /ˈjɔ:kʃə/ n.  a small long-haired blue-grey and tan kind of terrier 约克郡长毛犬(一种青灰色和黄褐色的长毛小狗)

Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  1  a member of a black African people inhabiting the west coast, esp. Nigeria 约鲁巴人(西非尼日尔河下游尤指尼日利亚的居民) 2  the language of this people 约鲁巴语 [native name]

yotta- /ˈjɒtə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1024 [构词成分]表示 1024 [formed like YOCTO-, apparently adapted from Italian otto ‘eight’]

you /ju:/ pron. (obj. you; poss. your, yours)  1  used with reference to the person or persons addressed or one such person and one or more associated persons 您；你；你们 2 (as int. with a noun 用在名词前表感叹)  in an exclamatory statement 用在感叹句中  you fools!  你们这群笨蛋！ 3 (in general statements 用于一般的陈述句中)  one, a person, anyone, or everyone 你；一个人；任何人；每个人  it's bad at first, but you get used to it  开始不好，但你会习惯它 [Old English ēow, accusative & dative of gē YE1, from West Germanic: supplanting ye because of the more frequent use of the obj. case, and thou and thee as the more courteous form]

you-all pron. (also 亦作 y'all) US colloq.  you (usu. more than one person) [美口]你们(通常多于一人)

you and yours poss. pron.  you together with your family, property, etc. 你和你的家庭、财产等

you'd /ju:d, jʊd/ contr. [缩合]  1  you had  2  you would 

you-know-what n. (also 亦作 you-know-who)  a thing or person unspecified but understood 那个东西；那个人(指不待明言就知所指的事物或人)

you'll /ju:l, jʊl/ contr. [缩合]  you will; you shall 

young /jʌŋ/ adj. & n. ●adj. (younger /ˈjʌŋɡə/; youngest /ˈjʌŋɡist/)  1  not far advanced in life, development, or existence; not yet old 年轻的，幼小的 2  a  immature or inexperienced 未成熟的；没有经验的b  youthful 年轻的；青年的 3  felt in or characteristic of youth 青年人的；年轻人特有的  young love  青年人的恋爱 young ambition  年轻人特有的雄心 4  representing young people 青年的；激进的  Young Conservatives  青年保守党 Young England  青年英格兰 5  distinguishing a son from his father 小的(用于姓名之前，以区别父子)  young Jones  小琼斯 6 (younger)  a  distinguishing one person from another of the same name (区别同名人)指年纪较轻者  the younger Pitt  年纪轻的那位皮特b Sc.  the heir of a landed commoner [苏格兰]拥有土地的平民的继承人 ●n. (collect. 集合名词)  offspring, esp. of animals before or soon after birth 后代；幼崽(尤指出生前后的动物) □ with young  (of an animal) pregnant (指动物)怀孕的□ youngish  adj.  □ youngling  n.   [Old English g(e)ong, from Germanic]

young blood  see 见 BLOOD 

younger hand n. Cards  the second player of two 【牌戏】(双人中的)副手

young fogey n.  a young person with conservative tastes or ideas 有保守思想或情调的年轻人

young fustic n.  1  a sumac, Cotinus coggygria, native to Europe (also called 亦称作 Venetian sumac) 黄栌(产于欧洲) 2  the wood of this tree 黄栌木材

young hopeful  see 见 HOPEFUL n. 

young lady n.  1  a young (esp. unmarried) woman; a girl 年轻(尤指未婚的)女子；姑娘 2 colloq.  a girlfriend or sweetheart [口]女朋友(或情人)

young man n.  1  a man who is young; a boy 青年男子；男孩 2 colloq.  a boyfriend or sweetheart [口]男朋友(或情人)

young offender n. a young criminal, esp. 少年犯，尤指 :  1 Brit. Law  a young criminal between 14 and 17 years of age [英]【法律】年龄在 14 岁至 17 岁之间的少年犯罪者 2 Canad. Law  a young criminal between 12 and 18 years of age [加]【法律】年龄在 12 岁至 18 岁之间的少年犯罪者

young person n. Law (in the UK) a person generally between 14 and 17 years of age 【法律】(英国)年龄在 14 岁至 17 岁之间的年青人

Young Pretender n.  Charles Stuart (1720 － 80), grandson of James II and claimant to the British throne 觊觎王位者(指查尔斯·斯图尔特 (1720 至 1780), 詹姆斯二世的孙子，自称为英国王位继承者)

Young's modulus /jʌŋz/ n. Physics  a measure of elasticity, equal to the ratio of the stress acting on a substance to the strain produced 【物理学】杨氏模量(指材料在弹性极限内应力同应变的比值，度量物体受力时变形大小的因素之一) [named after T. Young, English scientist d. 1829]

youngster /ˈjʌŋstə/ n.  a child or young person 小孩，儿童；年轻人

young thing n. colloq.  a young person [口]少年；年轻人  bright young things working in the City  在这个城市工作的生气勃勃的年轻人

Young Turk n.  1  a member of a revolutionary party in Turkey who carried out the revolution of 1908 青年土耳其党党员(土耳其革命党成员于 1908 年发动革命) 2  a young person eager for radical change to the established order 少壮派激进分子(主张对现行制度进行彻底变革) 3 (作 young turk) offens.  a violent child or youth [冒犯]暴烈的小孩(或年轻人)

young 'un n. colloq.  a youngster [口]年轻人

young woman n.  1  a woman who is young 青年女子，少妇 2 colloq.  a girlfriend or sweetheart [口]女朋友(或情妇)

younker /ˈjʌŋkə/ n. archaic [古义]  = YOUNGSTER  [Middle Dutch jonckher, from jonc YOUNG + hēre ‘lord’: cf. JUNKER]

your /jɔ:, jʊə/ poss. det.  1  of or belonging to you 你(们)的，属于你(们)的  your house  你的房子 your own business  你自己的事情 2 colloq. usu. derog.  much talked of; well known [口] [通常贬]你(们)常说的；所谓的；都知道的  none so fallible as your self-styled expert  再没有比像你这样自称专家的人更容易出错的了 [Old English ēower, genitive of gē YE1]

you're /jʊə, jə, jɔ:/ contr. [缩合]  you are 

your humble servant n. Brit. archaic  a formula preceding a signature or expressing ironical courtesy [英古义]您谦恭的仆人(签名前的客套语或表示讽刺的谦恭)

your obedient servant n. Brit.  a formula preceding a signature, now used only in certain formal letters [英]您恭顺的仆人(签名前的客套语，现只用于某些正式的信中)

yours /jɔ:z, jʊəz/ poss. pron.  1  the one or ones belonging to or associated with you 属于你(们)的；与你(们)有关系的  it is yours  这是你的 yours are over there  你的在那儿呢 2  your letter 你(们)的来信  yours of the 10th  你 10 日的来信 3  introducing a formula ending a letter 信末署名前客套语  yours ever  你永远的 yours sincerely  你真诚的 yours truly  您忠实的 □ of yours   of or belonging to you 你(们)的；属于你(们)的  a friend of yours  你的一个朋友□ up yours   see 见 UP 

yourself /jɔ:ˈself, jʊə-, jə-/ pron. (pl. yourselves /-ˈselvz/)  1  a emphat. form  of YOU (YOU 的强调形式)你亲自，你本人b refl. form  of YOU (YOU 的反身代词形式)你自己 2  in your normal state of body or mind 处于正常情况(健康、情绪等)  are quite yourself again  你又恢复了健康 □ be yourself   act in your normal, unconstrained manner 表现出你平常、自然的样子□ how's yourself?  slang  how are you? (esp. after answering a similar enquiry) [俚语]你好吗？(尤用于应答对方的问候)

youse /ju:z/ pron. (also 亦作 yous) dial.  you (usu. more than one person) [方]你们(通常多于一人) [YOU + -S1]

youth /ju:θ/ n. (pl. youths /ju:ðz/)  1  the state of being young; the period between childhood and adult age 青春；青(少)年时代 2  the vigour or enthusiasm, inexperience, or other characteristic of this period 青年时代(所具有)的朝气、激情、稚嫩或其他的特点 3  an early stage of development etc. (发展等的)初期，早期 4  a young person (esp. male) 青年人(尤指男子)，小伙子 5 (pl.)  young people collectively 青年(总称)  the youth of the country  全国青年 [Old English geoguth from Germanic: related to YOUNG]

youth club n. (also 亦作 youth centre)  a place or organization provided for young people's leisure activities 青年俱乐部

youth credit n.  a voucher issued to sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds not in full-time education, which can be exchanged for part-time education or training leading to a recognized qualification 青年证(发给 16 至 17 岁非全日制学生的证件，可凭此进入颁发资格证明书的半日制学习班和培训班)

youthful /ˈju:θfʊl, -f(ə)l/ adj.  1  young, esp. in appearance or manner 年青的；青年的(尤指外观和举止) 2  having the characteristics of youth 具有青年(人)特点的  youthful impatience  青年人的急躁 3  having the freshness or vigour of youth 朝气蓬勃的；富有青春活力的  a youthful complexion  青春的气色 □ youthfully  adv.  □ youthfulness  n.  

youth hostel n.  a place where (esp. young) holidaymakers can put up cheaply for the night 青年招待所 □ youth hosteller  n.  

you've /ju:v, jʊv/ contr. [缩合]  you have 

yowl /jaʊl/ n. & v. ●n.  a loud wailing cry of or as of a cat or dog in pain or distress 哀号，嚎叫，惨叫 ●v. intr.  utter a yowl 惨叫，嚎叫 [imitative]

yo-yo /ˈjəʊjəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. yo-yos) propr.  1  a toy consisting of a pair of joined discs with a deep groove between them in which string is attached and wound, and which can be spun alternately downward and upward by its weight and momentum as the string unwinds and rewinds [商标]悠悠(一种玩具，由两个圆盘组成，中间有一深沟连接细绳，用手指抻绳可使之上下移动) 2  a thing that repeatedly falls and rises again 反复上下起落的事物 ●v. intr. (yo-yoes, yo-yoed)  1  play with a yo-yo 玩悠悠 2  move up and down; fluctuate 上下起落，忽上忽下；波动 [20th c.: origin unknown]

yr. abbr. [缩略]  1  year(s)  2  younger  3  your 

yrs. abbr. [缩略]  1  years  2  yours 

YTS abbr.  Youth Training Scheme [缩略]青年训练计划

ytterbium /iˈtɜ:biəm/ n. Chem.  a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring naturally as various isotopes (镧系稀土金属元素，银色，有多种同位素 symbol 符 Yb) 【化】(化学元素)镱 [modern Latin, from Ytterby in Sweden]

yttrium /ˈitriəm/ n. Chem.  a greyish metallic element resembling the lanthanides, occurring naturally in uranium ores and used in making superconductors (一种类似镧系的灰色金属元素，存在于天然铀矿中，用于制造超导材料 symbol 符 Y) 【化】(化学元素)钇 [formed as YTTERBIUM]

yuan /jʊˈɑ:n/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  the chief monetary unit of China 元(中国的主要货币单位) [Chinese, literally ‘round’: cf. YEN1]

yucca /ˈjʌkə/ n.  any American white-flowered plant of the genus Yucca (lily family), with swordlike leaves 丝兰(一种美洲植物，开白花，叶似剑) [Carib]

yuck /jʌk/ int. & n. (also 亦作 yuk) slang [俚语] ●int.  an expression of strong distaste or disgust (表示强烈的反感、厌恶等)呸！啐！  ●n.  something messy or repellent 凌乱、污秽的东西；令人讨厌的东西 [imitative]

yucky /ˈjʌki/ adj. (also 亦作 yukky) (-ier, -iest) slang [俚语]  1  messy, repellent 肮脏的；令人讨厌的 2  sickly, sentimental 多病的；伤感的

Yugoslav /ˈju:ɡə(ʊ)slɑ:v, ju:ɡəʊˈslɑ:v/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Jugoslav) ●n.  1  a native or national of the former Yugoslavia in SE Europe (位于欧洲东南部的)前南斯拉夫人，前南斯拉夫国民 2  a person of Yugoslav descent 祖籍前南斯拉夫的人 ●adj.  of or relating to Yugoslavia or its people 南斯拉夫(人)的 □ Yugoslavian  /-ˈslɑ:viən/ adj. & n.   [Austrian German Jugoslav, from Serbo-Croat jugo- (from jug ‘south’) + SLAV]

Yugoslavia /ˌju:gəuˈslɑ:viə/ n.  南斯拉夫 [欧洲国家]

Yugoslavian /ˌju:gəuˈslɑ:viən/ adj. & n.  南斯拉夫的(人)

yuk var.  of YUCK  YUCK 的变体

yukky var.  of YUCKY  YUCKY 的变体

Yukon /ˈju:ˈkɒn/ n.  育空河 [北美洲]

Yule /ju:l/ n. (in full 全称 Yuletide /ˈju:ltaid/) archaic  the Christmas festival [古义]圣诞节 [Old English gēol(a): corresponding to Old Norse jól, originally applied to a heathen festival, later to Christmas]

yule log n.  1  a large log burnt in the hearth on Christmas Eve 圣诞节原木(指圣诞前夜放入壁炉中燃烧的原木) 2  a log-shaped chocolate cake eaten at Christmas 圣诞节原木形巧克力大蛋糕

yummy /ˈjʌmi/ adj. (yummier, yummiest) colloq.  tasty, delicious [口]美味的，可口的，好吃的 [YUM-YUM + -Y1]

yum-yum /jʌmˈjʌm/ int.  expressing pleasure from eating or the prospect of eating 啧啧(表示吃好东西或想到吃好东西时的快乐) [a natural exclamation]

yup var.  of YEP  YEP 的变体

yuppie /ˈjʌpi/ n. (also 亦作 yuppy) (pl. -ies) colloq., usu. derog.  a young middle-class professional person working in a city [口] [通常贬]雅皮士(指在城市工作的中产阶级职业青年) □ yuppiedom  n.   [young urban professional]

yuppify /ˈjʌpifai/ v. tr. (-ies, -ied) (esp. as 尤作 yuppified adj.) colloq.  make typical of or suitable for yuppies [口]使成为典型的(或适合于)雅皮士的 □ yuppification  /-fiˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ n.  

yurt /jʊət, jɜ:t/ n.  1  a circular tent of felt, skins, etc., on a collapsible framework, used by nomads in Mongolia and Siberia 蒙古包，毡包(在蒙古和西伯利亚地区人们居住的圆顶帐篷) 2  a semi-subterranean hut, usu. of timber covered with earth or turf 半地下小屋(通常由木料搭成，上覆以泥土或草皮) [Russian yurta via French yourte or German Jurte from Turkish jurt]

Yuwaalaraay /jʊˈwɑ:lərai/ n.  an Aboriginal language of New South Wales 尤瓦勒来语(新南威尔士的一种土著语言)

Yvonne /iˈvɒn/   伊冯娜 [人名]

YWCA abbr.  Young Women's Christian Association [缩略]基督教女青年会

Z /zed/ n. (also 亦作 z) (pl. Zs or Z's)  1  the twenty-sixth letter of the alphabet 英文字母表中的第 26 个字母 2 (usu. 通常作 z) Algebra  the third unknown quantity 【代数】第三未知数 3 (usu. 通常作 z) Geom.  the third coordinate 【几】第三坐标 4 Chem.  atomic number 【化】原子(序)数

zabaglione /zɑ:bɑ:ˈljəʊni/ n.  an Italian sweet of whipped and heated egg yolks, sugar, and (esp. Marsala) wine 萨白利昂，酒香蛋黄羹 [Italian]

zaffre /ˈzæfə/ n. (US [美] zaffer)  an impure cobalt oxide used as a blue pigment 钴蓝色素，花钳青(一种含氧化钴的蓝色颜料) [Italian zaffera or French safre]

zag /zæɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  a sharp change of direction in a zigzag course (曲折行程中方向的)急转，突变 ●v. intr. (zagged, zagging)  perform a zag 急转，突然变换方向 [ZIGZAG]

Zaire /zɑ:ˈiə/ n.  扎伊尔 [非洲]

zaire /zaiˈiə/ n.  the chief monetary unit of Zaire 扎伊尔(扎伊尔的货币单位) [Zaire, local name for the Congo River in central Africa]

Zairean /zaiˈiəriən/ n. & adj. (also 亦作 Zairian) ●n.  a native or inhabitant of Zaire in central Africa 扎伊尔人 ●adj.  of or relating to Zaire or its people 扎伊尔的；扎伊尔人的

Zambia   赞比亚

Zambian /ˈzæmbiən/ adj. & n.  赞比亚的(人)

zander /ˈzændə/ n. (pl. usu. same 通常单复同)  a large pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca, native to central and N. Europe and introduced in W. Europe 梭鲈(原产于中北欧，后引入西欧) [German]

ZANU /ˈzɑ:nu:/ abbr.  Zimbabwe African National Union [缩略]津巴布韦非洲民族联盟

zany /ˈzeini/ adj. & n. ●adj. (zanier, zaniest)  comically idiotic; crazily ridiculous 滑稽愚蠢的；荒唐可笑的 ●n.  1  a buffoon or jester 丑角或小丑 2 hist.  an attendant clown awkwardly mimicking a chief clown in shows; a merry andrew [史义] (在表演中模仿主角的)小丑，滑稽角色 □ zanily  adv.  □ zaniness  n.   [French zani or Italian zan(n)i, Venetian form of Gianni, Giovanni ‘John’, stock name of the servants acting as clowns in the commedia dell'arte]

zap /zæp/ v., n. & int. slang [俚语] ●v. (zapped, zapping)  1 tr.  a  kill or destroy; deal a sudden blow to 杀死或除掉；给予突然一击b  hit forcibly 猛击  zapped the ball over the net  将球猛击过网 2  a intr. & tr.  move quickly and vigorously 快速有力地移动b intr.  use a remote control to move rapidly between television channels 用遥控器迅速变换电视频道 3 tr.  overwhelm emotionally (感情上)压倒，制服 4 tr. Computing  erase or change (an item in a program) 【计算】删除或修改(程序中的某项) 5 intr. (foll. by 后跟 through)  fast-wind a videotape to skip a section 快进录像带以跳过某部分 ●n.  1  energy, vigour 精力，活力，元气 2  a strong emotional effect 强烈的感受 ●int.  expressing the sound or impact of a bullet, ray gun, etc., or any sudden event (表示子弹、激光枪等或任何突发事件的声音)嚓！  [imitative]

zapateado /zæˌpætiˈɑ:dəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  1  a flamenco dance with rhythmic stamping of the feet 踏足舞(一种西班牙舞蹈) 2  this technique or action 踏足舞的技巧或动作 [Spanish from zapato ‘shoe’]

zapper /ˈzæpə/ n. slang  a remote control for a television, video, etc. [俚语] (电视、录像机等的)遥控

zappy /ˈzæpi/ adj. (zappier, zappiest) colloq. [口]  1  lively, energetic 活泼的，精力充沛的 2  striking 引人注目的，显著的

ZAPU /ˈzɑ:pu:/ abbr.  Zimbabwe African People's Union [缩略]津巴布韦非洲人民联盟

zarape var.  of SERAPE  SERAPE 的变体

Zarathustrian var.  of ZOROASTRIAN  ZOROASTRIAN 的变体

zariba /zəˈri:bə/ n. (also 亦作 zareba)  1  a hedged or palisaded enclosure for the protection of a camp or village in Sudan etc. (非洲苏丹等地保护营地或村庄用的)防御栅或尖木围栏 2  a restricting or confining influence 约束，限制 [Arabic zarība ‘cattle-pen’]

zarzuela /θɑ:ˈθweilə/ n.  1  a Spanish traditional form of musical comedy 查瑞拉轻歌剧(一种传统的西班牙音乐喜剧) 2  a Spanish dish of various kinds of seafood cooked in a rich sauce 西班牙式炖海鲜 [Spanish: apparently from a place name]

zax var.  of SAX2  SAX2 的变体

zeal /zi:l/ n.  1  earnestness or fervour in advancing a cause or rendering service (在推动某一事业或提供服务中所表现出的)热忱，热情 2  hearty and persistent endeavour 热诚而持久的努力 [Middle English zele via ecclesiastical Latin zelus from Greek zēlos]

zealot /ˈzelət/ n.  1  an uncompromising or extreme partisan; a fanatic (不妥协的或极端的)党徒，分子；狂热者 2 (作 Zealot) hist.  a member of an ancient Jewish sect aiming at a world Jewish theocracy and resisting the Romans until AD 70 [史义] (公元 70 年之前反抗罗马统治、旨在实现神权统治的)古犹太教信徒 □ zealotry  n.   [ecclesiastical Latin zelotes from Greek zēlōtēs (as ZEAL)]

zealous /ˈzeləs/ adj.  full of zeal; enthusiastic 满腔热忱的；热心的，热情的 □ zealously  adv.  □ zealousness  n.  

zebec (also 亦作 zebeck) var.  of XEBEC XEBEC 的变体

zebra /ˈzebrə, ˈzi:brə/ n.  1  any of various African quadrupeds, esp. Equus burchelli, related to the ass and horse, with black and white stripes 斑马(产于非洲的四足动物，同驴和马有亲缘关系，身上有黑白相间条纹) 2 (作 attrib.)  with alternate dark and pale stripes 有黑白相间条纹的；有斑马纹的 □ zebrine  /-brain/ adj.   [Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, perhaps ultimately from Latin equiferus, from equus ‘horse’ + ferus ‘wild’]

zebra crossing n. Brit.  a striped street-crossing where pedestrians have precedence over vehicles [英]斑马线(有黑白相间条纹的人行横道，在该区域内行人比机动车有先行权)

zebra finch n.  a small Australian waxbill, Poephila guttata, with black and white stripes on the face, popular as a cage bird 斑胸草雀(一种澳大利亚小梅花雀，面部有黑白相间条纹，多笼养)

zebu /ˈzi:bu:/ n.  a humped ox, Bos indicus, of India, E. Asia, and Africa 瘤牛(产于印度、东亚和非洲) [French zébu, of unknown origin]

Zech. abbr.  Zechariah (Old Testament) [缩略] 《撒迦利亚书》(《圣经·旧约》)

zed /zed/ n. Brit.  the letter Z [英]字母 Z [French zède via Late Latin zeta from Greek ZETA]

zedoary /ˈzedəʊəri/ n.  1  an Indian plant, Curcuma zedoaria, allied to turmeric and with an aromatic rhizome 蓬莪术(一种印度植物，类似姜黄，有带香味的根茎) 2  a ginger-like substance made from this rhizome, used in medicine, perfumery, and dyeing 片姜黄(该植物根茎，样子像姜，用于制药、香料和染料) [Middle English via medieval Latin zedoarium from Persian zidwɑˉr]

zee /zi:/ n. US  the letter Z [美]字母 Z [17th c.: variant of ZED]

Zeeman effect /ˈzi:mən/ n. Physics  the splitting of the spectrum line into several components by a magnetic field 【物理学】塞曼效应(谱线的磁分裂) [named after P. Zeeman, Dutch physicist d. 1943]

zein /ˈzi:in/ n. Biochem.  the principal protein of maize 【生化】玉米醇溶蛋白；玉米朊 [modern Latin Zea, genus name of maize + -IN]

Zeitgeist /ˈtsaitɡaist/ n.  1  the spirit of the times 时代精神 2  the trend of thought and feeling in a period 时代思潮 [German, from Zeit ‘time’ + Geist ‘spirit’]

Zen /zen/ n.  a form of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition 禅，禅宗，禅定(大乘佛教宗派，注重静坐沉思和直觉领悟) □ Zenist  n. (also 亦作 Zennist)  禅宗信徒 [Japanese, = meditation]

zenana /ziˈnɑ:nə/ n.  the part of a house for the seclusion of women of high-caste families in India and Iran (印度、伊朗等地上流社会女子住的)闺房 [Hindustani zenɑˉna from Persian zanɑˉna, from zan ‘woman’]

Zend /zend/ n.  an interpretation of the Avesta, each Zend being part of the Zend-Avesta (袄教经典)《阿维斯陀》的古波斯语译释 [Persian zand ‘interpretation’]

Zend-Avesta n.  the Zoroastrian sacred writings of the Avesta (the text) and Zend (the commentary) 《阿维斯陀》经解合刊

Zener cards /ˈzi:nə/ n.  a set of 25 cards each with one of five different symbols, used in ESP research 齐纳卡片(每套 25 张，分 5 种不同符号，用于超感知觉研究) [named after K. E. Zener, American psychologist b. 1903]

Zener diode /ˈzi:nə/ n. Electronics  a form of diode in which a certain reverse voltage produces a sudden increase in reverse current 【电子学】齐纳二极管，稳压二极管 [named after C.M. Zener, US physicist d. 1993]

zenith /ˈzeniθ/ n.  1  the part of the celestial sphere directly above an observer (opp. 反义 NADIR) 天顶 2  the highest point in one's fortunes; a time of great prosperity etc. (财产、运气等的)顶点，顶峰，鼎盛时期 [Middle English from Old French cenit or medieval Latin cenit, ultimately from Arabic samt (ar-ra's) ‘path (over the head) ’]

zenithal /ˈzeniθ(ə)l/ adj.  of or relating to a zenith 天顶的；顶点的

zenithal projection n.  a projection of part of a globe on to a plane tangential to the centre of the part, showing the correct directions of all points from the centre 天顶投影(投影的一种，其投影面与球相切，可从中心显示所有点的正确方向)

zenith distance n.  an arc intercepted between a celestial body and its zenith; the complement of a body's altitude 天顶距，天顶角距(从天顶到天体之间的弧)

zeolite /ˈzi:əlait/ n.  each of a number of minerals consisting mainly of hydrous silicates of calcium, sodium, and aluminium, able to act as cation exchangers 沸石，泡沸石(主要由钙、钠、铝的硅酸盐构成的矿物质，能用作阳离子交换) □ zeolitic  /-ˈlitik/ adj.   [Swedish & German zeolit, from Greek zeō ‘boil’ + -LITE (from their characteristic swelling and fusing under the blowpipe)]

Zeph. abbr.  Zephaniah (Old Testament) [缩略]《西番亚书》(《圣经·旧约》)

zephyr /ˈzefə/ n.  1 literary  a mild gentle wind or breeze [文学用语]和风，微风 2  a fine cotton fabric 轻软棉织物 3  an athlete's thin gauzy jersey 运动员的薄运动衫 [French zéphyr or Latin zephyrus from Greek zephuros ‘(god of the) west wind’]

Zeppelin /ˈzep(ə)lin/ n. hist.  a large German dirigible airship of the early 20th c., originally for military use [史义]齐柏林飞艇(德国 20 世纪早期的大型充气飞艇，最初作军用) [named after Count F. von Zeppelin, German airman d. 1917, its first constructor]

zepto- /ˈzeptəʊ/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 10-21 [构词成分]表示 10-21 的因数 [adapted from SEPTI-, on the pattern of peta-, exa-, etc.]

zero /ˈziərəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  1  a  the figure 0; nought 零b  no quantity or number; nil 没有数量；全无 2  a point on the scale of an instrument from which a positive or negative quantity is reckoned (仪器刻度表上的)零点，零位 3 (作 attrib.)  having a value of zero; no, not any 没有价值的；没有的  zero population growth  人口的零增长 4 (in full 全称 zero hour)  a  the hour at which a planned, esp. military, operation is timed to begin (计划，尤指军事行动)开始的时间b  a crucial moment 关键时刻 5  the lowest point; a nullity or nonentity 最低点；无效；不存在 ●v. tr. (-oes, -oed)  1  adjust (an instrument etc.) to zero point 把(仪器刻度等)调到零位 2  set the sights of (a gun) for firing 把(枪炮)对准目标准备射击 □ zero in on   1  take aim at 对准目标 2  focus one's attention on 集中(某人的)注意力于 [French zéro or Italian zero, via Old Spanish from Arabic ṣifr CIPHER]

zero option n.  a disarmament proposal for the total removal of certain types of weapons on both sides 无选择的(裁军)建议

zero-rate v. tr. (esp. as 尤作 zero-rated adj.) Brit.  rate as not liable to a levy of value added tax [英]零税率(免付商品增值税)

zero-sum adj. (of a game, political situation, etc.) in which whatever is gained by one side is lost by the other so that the net change is always zero (指比赛、政局等)零和的(一方得胜必然引起另一方相应的损失，双方得失之和总是为零的)

zeroth /ˈziərəʊθ/ adj.  immediately preceding what is regarded as ‘first’ in a series 零的

zest /zest/ n.  1  piquancy; a stimulating flavour or quality 刺激；有刺激性的滋味(或性质) 2  a  keen enjoyment or interest 极大的快乐，强烈的兴趣b (often foll. by 常后跟 for)  relish 嗜好，爱好c  gusto 趣味，热情  entered into it with zest  热情地投入 3  fine shreds of the outer coloured part of the peel of citrus fruit used as flavouring (用作调味香料的)柑橘属水果皮的碎片 □ zestful  adj.  □ zestfully  adv.  □ zestfulness  n.  □ zesty  adj. (zestier, zestiest)   [French zeste ‘orange or lemon peel’, of unknown origin]

zester /ˈzestə/ n.  a kitchen utensil for obtaining zest from citrus fruit by scraping or peeling 削皮器(刮或削柑橘类水果果皮制取调味品的厨房用具)

zeta /ˈzi:tə/ n.  the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet (Z, ζ) 希腊字母表中的第 6 个字母 [Greek zēta]

zetetic /ziˈtetik/ adj.  proceeding by inquiry 调查的，询问的 [Greek zētētikos from zēteō ‘seek’]

zetta- /ˈzetə/ comb. form  denoting a factor of 1021 [构词成分]表示 1021 [formed like ZEPTO-, apparently adapted from Italian sette ‘seven’]

zeugma /ˈzju:ɡmə/ n.  a figure of speech using a verb or adjective with two nouns, to one of which it is strictly applicable while the word appropriate to the other is not used (e.g. 如 with weeping eyes and [sc. 苏格兰 grieving] hearts 哭泣的眼睛和心) (cf. 参见 SYLLEPSIS) 共轭支配(指以一个动词或形容词接两个名词的修辞手法，对其中的一个名词的修饰或支配完全适用，而对另一名词则不适合) □ zeugmatic  /-ˈmætik/ adj.   [Latin from Greek zeugma -atos, from zeugnumi ‘to yoke’, zugon ‘yoke’]

zho var.  of DZO  DZO 的变体

zidovudine /ziˈdɒvjʊdi:n, -ˈdəʊv-/ n.  a derivative of thymine used to treat HIV and other viral infections (Also called 亦称作 azidothymidine, AZT) 叠氮胸苷(胸腺嘧啶的衍生物，用于治疗艾滋病毒或其他病毒感染) [arbitrary alteration of chemical name]

ziff /zif/ n. Austral. slang  a beard [澳] [俚语] (颊上的)胡须，络腮胡子 [20th c.: origin unknown]

zig /ziɡ/ n. & v. ●n.  an abrupt angled movement, esp. in a zigzag course (尤指在之字形道路上的)急转弯 ●v. intr. (zigged, zigging)  perform a zig 急转弯，急转 [ZIGZAG]

ziggurat /ˈziɡʊræt/ n.  a rectangular stepped tower in ancient Mesopotamia, surmounted by a temple 亚述古庙塔(古代美索不达米亚地区的长方形阶梯塔，顶设神庙) [Assyrian ziqquratu ‘pinnacle’]

zigzag /ˈziɡzæɡ/ n., adj., adv. & v. ●n.  1  a line or course having abrupt alternate right and left turns 锯齿形(或之字形)的线或路线 2 (often in pl. 常用复数)  each of these turns 之字形线(或路线)的拐角 ●adj.  having the form of a zigzag; alternating right and left 之字形的，锯齿形的；左拐右拐的 ●adv.  with a zigzag course 之字形地；弯弯曲曲地 ●v. intr. (zigzagged, zigzagging)  move in a zigzag course 弯弯曲曲地行进 □ zigzaggedly  adv.   [French from German zickzack]

zilch /ziltʃ/ n. esp. N. Amer. slang  nothing [尤北美] [俚语]零；一无所有 [20th c.: origin uncertain]

zillah /ˈzilə/ n.  an administrative district in India, containing several parganas 齐拉，专区(印度行政区划名，包含几个大区组成) [Hindustani ḍilah ‘division’]

zillion /ˈziljən/ n. colloq.  an indefinite large number [口]无限大的数目 □ zillionth  adj. & n.   [Z (perhaps = unknown quantity) + MILLION]

Zimbabwe   津巴布韦

Zimbabwean /zimˈbɑ:bwiən/ adj. & n.  津巴布韦的(人)

Zimmer /ˈzimə/ n. (in full 全称 Zimmer frame) propr.  a kind of walking frame [商标]齐默(一种作为矫正器械的助行架) [name of the manufacturer]

zinc /ziŋk/ n. & v. ●n. Chem.  a white metallic element occurring naturally as zinc blende, and used as a component of brass and other alloys, in galvanizing sheet iron, and in electric batteries (symbol 符 Zn) 【化】(化学元素)锌(一种白色金属元素，可用于制作黄铜和其他合金、铁板镀锌和电池) ●v. tr. (usu. as 通常作 zinced /ˈziŋ(k)t/ adj.)  coat (iron etc.) with zinc or a zinc compound to prevent rust 镀锌(为防止生锈给铁等镀锌或锌的化合物) [German Zink, of unknown origin]

zinc blende  see 见 BLENDE 

zinco /ˈziŋkəʊ/ n. & v. ●n. (pl. -os)  = ZINCOGRAPH  ●v. tr. & intr. (-oes, -oed)  = ZINCOGRAPH  [abbreviation]

zincograph /ˈziŋkəɡrɑ:f/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a zinc plate with a design etched in relief on it for printing from (印刷术中的)锌版 2  a print taken from this 锌版印刷品 ●v.  1 tr. & intr.  etch on zinc 制(刻)锌版 2 tr.  reproduce (a design) in this way 用锌版复制(图样等) □ zincography  /-ˈkɒɡrəfi/ n.  

zincotype /ˈziŋkətaip/ n.  = ZINCOGRAPH 

zinc oxide n.  a powder used as a white pigment and in medicinal ointments Chem. formula 化学分子式 :ZnO 氧化锌

zing /ziŋ/ n. & v. colloq. [口] ●n.  vigour, energy 活力；精力 ●v. intr.  move swiftly or with a shrill sound 飞快地或尖啸着飞过 □ zingy  adj. (zingier, zingiest)   [imitative]

Zingaro /ˈziŋɡərəʊ, ts-/ n. (pl. Zingari /-ri:/)  a gypsy 吉普赛人 [Italian]

zinger /ˈziŋə/ n. esp. US slang [尤美] [俚语]  1  a wisecrack 妙语，警语 2  an unexpected turn of events (事件的)意想不到的转折 3  an outstanding person or thing 超群的人(或事物)

zinnia /ˈziniə/ n.  a plant of the genus Zinnia (daisy family), with showy rayed flowers of deep red and other colours 百日草(菊科植物，开深红等色泽艳丽的伞形花) [modern Latin, named after J. G. Zinn, German physician and botanist d. 1759]

Zion /ˈzaiən/ n. (also 亦作 Sion /ˈsaiən/)  1  the hill of Jerusalem on which the city of David was built 郇山(一译“锡安山”，耶路撒冷山名，古大卫王的宫殿所在地) 2  a  the Jewish people or religion 犹太人或犹太教b  the Christian Church 基督教会 3 (in Christian thought) the Kingdom of God in Heaven (基督教徒认为的)天国，天堂 [Old English via ecclesiastical Latin Sion from Hebrew ṣīyôn]

Zionism /ˈzaiəniz(ə)m/ n.  a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel 犹太复国主义，犹太复国运动(最初致力于重建犹太国家，现主张在如今的以色列发展犹太国家) □ Zionist  n.  

zip /zip/ n. & v. ●n.  1  a light fast sound, as of a bullet passing through air 飕(如子弹穿过空气的尖啸声) 2  energy, vigour 精力；活力 3 esp. Brit. [尤英]  a (in full 全称 zip fastener)  a fastening device of two flexible strips with interlocking projections closed or opened by pulling a slide along them 拉链b (作 attrib.)  having a zip fastener 有拉链的  zip bag  带拉链的包 ●v. (zipped, zipping)  1 tr. & intr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  fasten with a zip fastener 用拉链拉上 2 intr.  move with zip or at high speed 发出尖啸声或呼啸而过 [imitative]

Zip code /zip/ n. (also 亦作 ZIP code, zip code) US  a system of postal codes consisting of five-digit or nine-digit numbers [美]邮政编码(由 5 位或 9 位阿拉伯数字组成) [zone improvement plan]

zipper /ˈzipə/ n. & v. esp. US [尤美] ●n.  a zip fastener 拉链，拉锁 ●v. tr. (often foll. by 常后跟 up)  fasten with a zipper 用拉链拉上 □ zippered  adj.  

zippy /ˈzipi/ adj. (zippier, zippiest) colloq. [口]  1  bright, fresh, lively 聪明的；新鲜的；活泼的 2  fast, speedy 敏捷的，迅速的 □ zippily  adv.  □ zippiness  n.  

zip-up attrib. adj.  able to be fastened with a zip fastener 能用拉链拉上的

zircon /ˈzɜ:kən/ n.  a zirconium silicate of which some translucent varieties are cut into gems (see 见 HYACINTH 4, JARGON2) 锆石 [German Zirkon: cf. JARGON2]

zirconia /zɜ:ˈkəʊniə/ n.  zirconium dioxide, used in ceramics, refractory coatings, etc., and in fused form as a synthetic substitute for diamonds in jewellery 氧化锆

zirconium /zɜ:ˈkəʊniəm/ n. Chem.  a grey metallic element occurring naturally in zircon and used in various industrial applications (symbol 符 Zr) 【化】(化学元素)锆(一种灰色金属元素，用于工业) [modern Latin, from ZIRCON + -IUM]

zit /zit/ n. esp. US slang  a pimple [尤美] [俚语]丘疹，疙瘩 [20th c.: origin unknown]

zither /ˈziðə/ n.  a musical instrument consisting of a flat wooden soundbox with numerous strings stretched across it, placed horizontally and played with the fingers and a plectrum 齐特琴(琴体呈匣形，多弦，竖立，用手指及拨子拨奏) □ zitherist  n.   [German (as CITTERN)]

zizz /ziz/ n. & v. Brit. colloq. [英口] ●n.  1  a whizzing or buzzing sound 嘶嘶声；嗡嗡声 2  a short sleep 小睡，打盹 ●v. intr.  1  make a whizzing sound 发出嘶嘶声；发出嗡嗡声 2  doze or sleep 打盹，打瞌睡 [imitative]

zloty /ˈzlɒti/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or zlotys or zloties)  the chief monetary unit of Poland 兹罗提(波兰货币单位) [Polish, literally ‘golden’]

Zn symb. Chem.  the element zinc [符]【化】(化学元素)锌

zodiac /ˈzəʊdiæk/ n.  1  a  a belt of the heavens within about 8° of the ecliptic, including all apparent positions of the sun, moon, and most familiar planets, and divided into twelve parts (signs) named after constellations (Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces) and used in astrology 黄道带(天空中在黄道南北各宽 8 度的一个带形天区，日、月、和大多数熟悉的行星都出现在黄道带内并在其中分成 12 分(宫)，以下列星座命名：白羊座，金牛座，双子座，巨蟹座，狮子座，处女座，天秤座，天蝎座，人马座，摩羯座，宝瓶座，双鱼座，用于占星术)b  a representation of the signs of the zodiac or of a similar astrological system 黄道十二宫图 2  a complete cycle, circuit, or compass 周期；一圈；罗盘 [Middle English via Old French zodiaque and Latin zodiacus from Greek zōidiakos, from zōidion ‘sculptured animal-figure’, diminutive of zōion ‘animal’]■Usage 用法说明 Owing to precession of the equinoxes, each sign of the zodiac now in fact coincides roughly with the constellation corresponding to the preceding sign. 由于分点岁差，这里所说的每个黄道宫事实上和前述黄道宫对应的星座大体一致。 

zodiacal /zə(ʊ)ˈdaiək(ə)l/ adj.  of or in the zodiac 黄道带的，在黄道带内的 [French (as ZODIAC)]

zodiacal light n.  a luminous area of sky shaped like a tall triangle occasionally seen in the east before sunrise or in the west after sunset, esp. in the Tropics 黄道光(尤指回归线内日出前在东方，或日落后在西方偶尔见到的形似高三角的发光带)

Zoe /ˈzəui/   佐伊 [人名]

zoetrope /ˈzəʊitrəʊp/ n. hist.  an optical toy in the form of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface which give an impression of continuous motion when viewed through slits with the cylinder rotating [史义]旋转画筒(一种玩具画筒，内壁有连环图片，圆筒转动可见连续活动的画面) [formed irregularly from Greek zōē ‘life’ + -tropos ‘turning’]

zoic /ˈzəʊik/ adj.  1  of or relating to animals 动物的；有关动物的 2 Geol. (of rock etc.) containing fossils; with traces of animal or plant life 【地质】(指岩石等)含化石的；有动、植物痕迹的 [probably back-formation from AZOIC]

zollverein /ˈtsɒlfərain/ n. hist.  a customs union, esp. of German states in the 19th c. [史义]关税同盟(尤指 19 世纪德意志各联邦间的关税同盟) [German]

zombie /ˈzɒmbi/ n.  1 colloq.  a dull or apathetic person [口]呆板或无动于衷的人 2  a corpse said to be revived by witchcraft 靠巫术起死回生的僵尸 [West African zumbi ‘fetish’]

zonation /zəʊˈneiʃ(ə)n/ n.  distribution in zones, esp. (Ecol.) of plants into zones characterized by the dominant species 分带，分布带；【态】成带现象

zonda /ˈzɒndə/ n.  a hot dusty north wind in Argentina 佐达风(指吹越阿根廷的干热多尘的北风) [Latin American Spanish]

zone /zəʊn/ n. & v. ●n.  1  an area having particular features, properties, purpose, or use (有某种特点、特性、目的或用途的)区域  danger zone  危险区 erogenous zone  性敏感区 smokeless zone  无烟区 2  any well-defined region of more or less beltlike form (界限分明的带状)地区 3  a  an area between two exact or approximate concentric circles 圈，环带b  a part of the surface of a sphere enclosed between two parallel planes, or of a cone or cylinder etc. between such planes cutting it perpendicularly to the axis (球面的)带(两个与球体、圆锥体或圆柱体等的轴垂直的平行位面之间的表面部分) 4 (in full 全称 time zone)  a range of longitudes where a common standard time is used 时区 5 Geol.  etc. a range between specified limits of depth, height, etc., esp. a section of strata distinguished by characteristic fossils 【地质】地层(尤指有特有化石的) 6 Geog.  any of five divisions of the earth bounded by circles parallel to the equator (see 见 FRIGID, TEMPERATE, TORRID) 【地理】气温带(地球表面被与赤道平行的圈划分成的 5 条气温带) 7  an encircling band or stripe distinguishable in colour, texture, or character from the rest of the object encircled (颜色、质地或特性与其周围不同的)环形带或条纹 8 archaic  a belt or girdle worn round the body [古义]带子，腰带 ●v. tr.  1  encircle as or with a zone 环绕，(似)用带子围绕 2  arrange or distribute by zones 按区域安排或分布 3  assign as or to a particular area 指定为…区，划作…区 □ zonal  adj.  □ zoning  n. (in sense 3 of v. 用于动词释义 3)   [French zone or Latin zona ‘girdle’ from Greek zōnē]

zonk /zɒŋk/ v. & n. slang [俚语] ●v.  1 tr.  hit or strike 殴打，撞击 2 (often foll. by 常后跟 out)  a tr.  overcome with sleep; intoxicate 困得受不了；醉倒b intr.  fall heavily asleep 沉睡 ●n. (often as 常作 int.)  the sound of a blow or heavy impact (表示重击声)嘭！  [imitative]

zoo /zu:/ n.  an establishment which maintains a collection of usu. wild animals in a park, gardens, etc., for display to the public, conservation, etc. 动物园 [abbreviation of ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN]

zoo- /ˈzu:ə(ʊ), ˈzəʊə(ʊ)/ comb. form  of animals or animal life [构词成分]动物的；动物生活的 [Greek zōio- from zōion ‘animal’]

zoogeography /ˌzu:ə(ʊ)dʒiˈɒɡrəfi, ˌzəʊə(ʊ)-, zu:dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ n.  the branch of zoology dealing with the geographical distribution of animals 动物地理学 □ zoogeographic  /-dʒi:əˈɡræfik/ adj.  □ zoogeographical  /-dʒi:əˈɡræfik(ə)l/ adj.  □ zoogeographically  /-dʒi:əˈɡræfik(ə)li/ adv.  

zoography /zu:ˈɒɡrəfi, zəʊ-/ n.  descriptive zoology 动物志学

zooid /ˈzu:ɔid, ˈzəʊ-, ˈzu:id/ n.  1  a more or less independent invertebrate organism arising by budding or fission (分裂增殖后生成的一个大致独立的)无脊椎生物有机体 2  a distinct member of an invertebrate colony (无脊椎生物群的)个体 □ zooidal  /zu:ˈɔid(ə)l, zəʊ-, ˈzu:id(ə)l/ adj.   [formed as ZOO- + -OID]

zookeeper /ˈzu:ki:pə/ n.  1  a person in charge of animals in a zoo (动物园的)动物饲养员 2  a zoo owner or director 动物园园主(或负责人)

zoolatry /zu:ˈɒlətri, zəʊ-/ n.  the worship of animals 动物崇拜

zoological /zu:əˈlɒdʒik(ə)l, zəʊə-/ adj.  of or relating to zoology 动物学的；与动物学有关的 □ zoologically  adv.  

zoological garden n. (also 亦作 zoological gardens n. pl.)  = ZOO 

zoology /zu:ˈɒlədʒi, zəʊ-/ n.  the scientific study of animals, esp. with reference to their structure, physiology, classification, and distribution 动物学 □ zoologist  n.   [modern Latin zoologia (as ZOO-, -LOGY)]

zoom /zu:m/ v. & n. ●v.  1 intr.  move quickly, esp. with a buzzing sound (尤指嗡嗡作响地)快速移动 2  a intr.  cause an aeroplane to mount at high speed and a steep angle (飞机)陡直上升，作急跃升飞行b tr.  cause (an aeroplane) to do this 使(飞机)陡直上升或作急跃升飞行 3  a intr. (of a camera) close up rapidly from a long shot to a close-up (指摄影机)从远景迅速拉向特写镜头b tr.  cause (a lens or camera) to do this 使(镜头或摄影机)从远景迅速拉向特写镜头 4 intr. (of prices) rise sharply (指价格)猛增，飞涨 ●n.  1  an aeroplane's steep climb 飞机的陡直越升 2  a zooming camera shot 变焦摄影 [imitative]

zoomancy /ˈzu:əmænsi, zəʊə-/ n.  divination from the appearances or behaviour of animals (以动物的外观或行为为依据的)动物占卜

zoom lens n.  a lens allowing a camera to zoom by varying the focal length 变焦距镜头

zoomorphic /zu:ə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik, zəʊə(ʊ)-, zu:ˈmɔ:fik/ adj.  1  dealing with or represented in animal forms 动物形象的；用动物形象表现的 2  having gods of animal form 兽形神的 □ zoomorphism  n.   [as ZOO-, Greek morphē ‘form’]

zoonosis /zu:əˈnəʊsis, zəʊə-/ n. (pl. -noses /-si:z/)  any of various diseases which can be transmitted to humans from animals 动物传染病 [ZOO- + Greek nosos ‘disease’]

zoophyte /ˈzu:əfait, ˈzəʊə-, ˈzu:fait/ n.  a plantlike animal, esp. a coral, sea anemone, or sponge 似植物的动物(尤指珊瑚、海葵或海绵) □ zoophytic  /-ˈfitik/ adj.   [Greek zōophuton (as ZOO-, -PHYTE)]

zooplankton /ˈzu:ə(ʊ)ˌplæŋ(k)t(ə)n, ˈzəʊə(ʊ)-, ˈzu:plæŋ(k)t(ə)n/ n.  the component of plankton consisting of minute animals 浮游动物

zoospore /ˈzu:əspɔ:, ˈzəʊə-, ˈzu:spɔ:/ n.  a spore of fungi, algae, etc. capable of motion 游动孢子(如菌类、藻类等的孢子) □ zoosporic  /-ˈspɔ:rik/ adj.  

zootomy /zu:ˈɒtəmi, zəʊ-/ n.  the dissection or anatomy of animals 动物解剖(学)

zoot suit /zu:t/ n. colloq.  a man's suit with a long loose jacket and high-waisted tapering trousers [口]佐特套装(上衣长而宽，裤子高腰、裤口狭窄的男子服装) [rhyming on SUIT]

zori /ˈzɔ:ri, ˈzɒri/ n. (pl. zoris)  a Japanese flat sandal of straw or rubber etc., held on by a thong between the first and second toes 草屐；橡胶屐(一种日本便鞋，靠大姆趾和第二趾间的带子挂脚) [Japanese]

zorilla /zɒˈrilə/ n. (also 亦作 zorille)  a flesh-eating African mammal, Ictonyx striatus, of the skunk and the weasel family 非洲艾虎(食肉哺乳动物，同臭鼬和黄鼠狼一科) [French zorille from Spanish zorrilla, diminutive of zorro ‘fox’]

Zoroastrian /zɒrəʊˈæstriən/ adj. & n. (also 亦作 Zarathustrian /zærəˈθʊstriən/) ●adj.  of or relating to Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) or the religion taught by him or his followers in the Zend-Avesta, which portrays a conflict between a spirit of light and good and a spirit of darkness and evil 琐罗亚斯德教的，拜火教的，祆教的 ●n.  a follower of Zoroaster 琐罗亚斯德教徒，拜火教徒，祆教徒 □ Zoroastrianism  n.   [Latin Zoroastres via Greek Zōroastrēs from Avestan Zarathustra, the name of the Persian founder of the religion in the 6th c. BC]

Zouave /zu:ˈɑ:v, zwɑ:v/ n.  1  a member of a French light-infantry corps originally formed of Algerians and retaining their oriental uniform 佐阿夫兵(法国旧时的一种轻步兵，原在阿尔及利亚募集，仍保持东方式制服) 2 (in pl. 用复数)  women's trousers with wide tops, tapering to a narrow ankle (上宽、裤口窄的)女式长裤 [French from Zouaoua, the name of a tribe]

zouk /zu:k/ n.  an exuberant style of popular music combining Caribbean and Western elements and having a fast heavy beat 祖克流行乐(一种充满活力的流行音乐，集加勒比与西方音乐元素为一体，有着快而重的节拍) [Guadeloupian Creole, = ‘to party’]

zounds /zaʊndz/ int. archaic  expressing surprise or indignation [古义]咄！哎！(表示惊奇或愤怒) [(God)'s wounds (i.e. those of Christ on the Cross)]

ZPG abbr.  zero population growth [缩略]零人口增长率

Zr symb. Chem.  the element zirconium [符]【化】(化学元素)锆

zucchetto /tsʊˈketəʊ/ n. (pl. -os)  a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic's skullcap, black for a priest, purple for a bishop, red for a cardinal, and white for a pope (罗马天主教神父等戴的)圆顶小帽(以颜色区别职位：神父黑色，主教紫色，红衣主教赤色，教皇白色) [Italian zucchetta, diminutive of zucca ‘gourd, head’]

zucchini /zʊˈki:ni/ n. (pl. same 单复同 or zucchinis) esp. N. Amer. & Austral.  a courgette [尤北美澳]绿皮小胡瓜 [Italian, pl. of zucchino, diminutive of zucca ‘gourd’]

zugzwang /ˈzʌɡzwæŋ, ˈzu:ɡ-/ n. Chess  an obligation to move in one's turn even when this must be disadvantageous 【棋类】迫移 [German, from Zug ‘move’ + Zwang ‘compulsion’]

Zulu /ˈzu:lu:/ n. & adj. ●n.  1  a member of a black South African people originally inhabiting Zululand and Natal 祖鲁人(南非黑人种族的一支，最早居住在祖鲁兰和纳塔尔) 2  the language of this people 祖鲁语 ●adj.  of or relating to this people or language 祖鲁人的；祖鲁语的 [native name]

Zurich /ˈzuərik/ n.  苏黎世 (=Zürich) [瑞士城市]

zwieback /ˈzwi:bæk, ˈtsvi:bæk/ n.  a kind of biscuit rusk or sweet cake toasted in slices 面包烤干，面包干 [German, = twice baked]

Zwinglian /ˈzwiŋɡliən, ˈtsvi-/ n. & adj. ●n.  a follower of the Swiss religious reformer U. Zwingli (d. 1531) 茨温利(瑞士宗教改革家，死于 1531 年)的追随者 ●adj.  of or relating to Zwingli or his reforms 茨温利的；茨温利教义的

zwitterion /ˈzwitəraiən, ˈtsvi-/ n.  a molecule or ion having separate positively and negatively charged groups 两性离子，阴阳离子 [German from Zwitter ‘a hybrid’]

zydeco /ˈzaidikəʊ/ n.  a kind of Afro-American dance music originally from southern Louisiana 柴迪科舞曲(美国南路易斯安那的一种黑人舞曲) [Louisiana Creole, possibly from French les haricots in a dance-tune title]

zygo- /ˈzaiɡəʊ, ˈziɡəʊ/ comb. form  joining, pairing [构词成分]接合，成对 [Greek zugo- from zugon ‘yoke’]

zygodactyl /zaiɡə(ʊ)ˈdæktil, ziɡ-/ adj. & n. ●adj. (of a bird) having two toes pointing forward and two backward (指鸟)对趾的(前后各有一对趾) ●n.  such a bird 对趾鸟 □ zygodactylous  adj.  

zygoma /zaiˈɡəʊmə, ziɡ-/ n. (pl. zygomata /-tə/)  the bony arch of the cheek formed by connection of the zygomatic and temporal bones 颧骨，颧弓 [Greek zugōma -atos from zugon ‘yoke’]

zygomatic /zaiɡə(ʊ)ˈmætik, ziɡ-/ adj.  of or relating to the zygoma 颧骨的，颧弓的

zygomatic arch n.  = ZYGOMA 

zygomatic bone n.  the bone that forms the prominent part of the cheek 颧骨

zygomorphic /zaiɡə(ʊ)ˈmɔ:fik, ziɡ-/ adj. (also 亦作 zygomorphous /-ˈmɔ:fəs/) (of a flower) divisible into similar halves by only one plane of symmetry (指花)两侧对称的

zygospore /ˈzaiɡə(ʊ)spɔ:/ n.  a thick-walled spore formed by certain fungi 接合孢子

zygote /ˈzaiɡəʊt/ n. Biol.  a cell formed by the union of two gametes 【生】合子，接合体 □ zygotic  /-ˈɡɒtik/ adj.  □ zygotically  /-ˈɡɒtik(ə)li/ adv.   [Greek zugōtos ‘yoked’ from zugoō ‘to yoke’]

zygotene /ˈzaiɡə(ʊ)ti:n/ n. Biol.  a stage during the prophase of meiosis when homologous chromosomes begin to pair 【生】(细胞减数分裂前期的)偶线期，合线期

zymase /ˈzaimeiz/ n.  the enzyme fraction in yeast which catalyses the alcoholic fermentation of glucose 酿酶，酒化酶 [French, from Greek zumē ‘leaven’]

zymology /zaiˈmɒlədʒi/ n.  the scientific study of fermentation 酶学，发酵学 □ zymological  /-məˈlɒdʒik(ə)l/ adj.  □ zymologist  n.   [as ZYMASE + -LOGY]

zymosis /zaiˈməʊsis/ n. archaic  fermentation [古义]发酵，发酵作用 [modern Latin from Greek zumōsis (as ZYMASE)]

zymotic /zaiˈmɒtik/ adj. archaic  of or relating to fermentation [古义]发酵(作用)的 [Greek zumōtikos (as ZYMOSIS)]

zymotic disease n. archaic  a disease regarded as caused by the multiplication of germs introduced from outside [古义]酶性传染病

zymurgy /ˈzaimɜ:dʒi/ n.  the branch of applied chemistry dealing with the use of fermentation in brewing etc. 酿造学 [Greek zumē ‘leaven’, on the pattern of metallurgy]

Zöllner's lines /ˈtsɜ:lnəz/ n.  parallel lines made to appear not parallel by short oblique intersecting lines 策尔纳线(本来平行的线因为短斜切线而显得不平行) [named after J. K. F. Zöllner, German physicist d. 1882]

 £  abbr. (preceding a numeral) pound or pounds (of money) [缩略] (置于数字前)镑(钱币) [Latin libra]

Å abbr.  ångström(s) [缩略]埃(波长单位)

à gogo /ə ˈɡəʊɡəʊ/ adv.  in abundance 大量，充裕  whisky ɑˋ gogo  大量威士忌 [French]

à la carte /ɑ: lɑ: ˈkɑ:t/ adv. & adj.  ordered as separately priced item(s) from a menu, not as part of a set meal 按菜单分别点菜(而非固定套餐) [French, = according to the card (menu)]

à la mode /ɑ: lɑ: ˈməʊd/ adv. & adj.  1  in fashion; fashionable 流行的，时髦的 2  a (of beef) braised in wine (牛肉)用葡萄酒煮的b N. Amer.  served with ice cream [北美]上面浇着冰激凌的 [French, = in the fashion]

écarté /eiˈkɑ:tei/ n.  1  a card game for two persons in which cards from a player's hand may be exchanged for others from the pack 埃卡泰(一种两人玩的纸牌游戏) 2  a position in classical ballet with one arm and leg extended 艾卡泰(古典芭蕾舞的一种舞姿，单臂、单腿向外伸展) [French, past part. of écarter ‘discard’]

éclair /eiˈklɛə, i-/ n.  a small elongated cake of choux pastry filled with cream and iced with chocolate or coffee icing 一种奶油馅，用巧克力或咖啡做糖衣的长圆形糕点 [French, literally ‘lightning’]

éclaircissement /eiklɛəˈsi:smɒ˜, 法 eklɛrsismɑ˜/ n. archaic  an enlightening explanation of something hitherto inexplicable (e.g. conduct etc.) [古义] (对迄今难解事物如行为等的)说明，阐明，解释 [French from éclaircir ‘clear up’]

éclat /eˈklɑ:, ˈeiklɑ:/ n.  1  brilliant display; dazzling effect 炫耀，灿烂，眩目 2  social distinction; conspicuous success; universal approbation (社会上的)显赫，显著成就；普遍赞誉  with great éclat  一片喝彩 [French from éclater ‘burst out’]

écossaise /ekɒˈseiz/ n.  1  an energetic dance in duple time 埃科塞兹舞(一种二拍子轻快的法国舞蹈) 2  the music for this 埃科塞兹舞曲 [French, fem. of écossais ‘Scottish’]

élan /eiˈlɒ˜, eiˈlæn/ n. (also 亦作 elan)  vivacity, dash 活力；干劲 [French, from élancer ‘launch’]

émigré /ˈemiɡrei/ n. (also 亦作 emigre)  an emigrant, esp. a political exile 移民，移居国外的人；(尤指)政治流亡者 [French, past part. of émigrer EMIGRATE]

éminence grise /ˌeminɒ˜s ˈɡri:z, 法 ɛminɑ˜s ɡriz/ n. (pl. éminences grises pronunc. same 单复发音同)  1  a person who exercises power or influence without holding office 在幕后操纵(或掌握)权力的人，后台 2  a confidential agent 秘密代理人 [French, = grey eminence (see EMINENCE): originally applied to Cardinal Richelieu's grey-cloaked private secretary, Père Joseph (d. 1638)]

épée /ˈeipei, ˈep-/ n.  a sharp-pointed duelling-sword, used (with the end blunted) in fencing (击剑运动用的)钝头剑，重剑 □ épéeist  n.   [French, = sword, from Old French espee: see SPAY]

étrier /ˈeitriei/ n. Mountaineering  a short rope ladder with a few rungs of wood or metal 【登山】(登山用的)短绳梯 [French, = stirrup]

étude /ˈeitju:d, eiˈtju:d/ n.  a short musical composition or exercise, usu. for one instrument, designed to improve the technique of the player (供乐器演奏员练习用的短小)练习曲 [French, = study]

étui /eˈtwi:/ n.  a small case for needles etc. (放针等的)小盒 [French étui from Old French estui ‘prison’, from estuier ‘shut up, keep’]

öre /ˈɜ:rə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a Swedish monetary unit equal to one-hundredth of a krona 欧尔(瑞典的货币单位， 100 欧尔等于一克朗) [Swedish]

øre /ˈɜ:rə/ n. (pl. same 单复同)  a Danish and Norwegian monetary unit equal to one-hundredth of a krone 欧尔(丹麦、挪威的货币单位， 100 欧尔等于一克朗) [Danish and Norwegian]

ɑˋ deux /ɑ: ˈdɜ:, 法 a dø/ adv. & adj.  1  for two 两人的 2  between two 两人之间 [French]

ɑˋ huis clos /ɑ: wi: ˈkləʊ, 法 a ɥi klo/ adv.  in private 私下地，暗中 [French, = with closed doors]

ɑˋ la /ɑ: lɑ:, 法 a la/ prep.  after the manner of 按…方式  ɑˋ la russe  按俄罗斯方式 [French, from À LA MODE]

ɑˋ outrance /ɑ: ˈu:trɒns, 法 a utrɑ˜s/ adv.  1  to the death 到死，直至死亡 2  to the bitter end 直至最后 [French, = to the utmost]